bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SELENIUM IN CANADA
Authors: Byers Horace G. , Lakin H. W.
Published: April 2011

The existence of an enormous area of seleniferous soil is revealed through the results of a reconnaissance examination of portions of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba provinces of Canada. About 300 samples of shales, soils, and plants were collected at 90 different locations. The selenium content of the shales varied from 0.3 to 3.0 p.p.m., and of the soils from 0.1 to 6 p.p.m. The vegetation contained from 3 to 4190 p.p.m. of selenium.
AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY: SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF WINDS IN ALBERTA AND SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Hopkins J. W.
Published: April 2011

Over a period of years, the monthly mean mileage of wind per day during the six months, April to September, at four meteorological stations in central and southern Alberta and Saskatchewan is greatest in April and May, and least in July and August. In all cases the range of variation of the monthly means is considerable, being of the order of 50%. Significant correlation in the inter-annual fluctuations at the four stations is not demonstrable from the available data, but there is some indication of correlation between the mileages at a given station in successive months of the same year. During the season as a whole, northwesterly winds predominate, but in this respect also there are pronounced annual variations.Variation in the amount of wind from day to day within months is also pronounced, and tables are presented showing for each of the six months the relative frequency of occurrence of different daily mileages.On the whole, more wind is recorded during the daytime than at night. The hourly averages for all six months show a definite diurnal trend, the maximum being in the vicinity of 3 p.m., but the actual hourly sequence on a given day may deviate markedly from this underlying regularity. There is a slight tendency for days of above-average temperature to have a higher wind mileage, but this is a minor factor in comparison with the uncorrelated variation of both quantities.
VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN BARLEYS AND MALTS: V. WORT NITROGEN AND MALT EXTRACT AND THEIR CORRELATIONS WITH BARLEY NITROGEN FRACTIONS
Authors: Anderson J. A. , Ayre C. A. , Meredith W. O. S.
Published: April 2011

Data representing 12 barley varieties grown at 12 experimental stations in Canada were used to examine relations among wort nitrogen (w), malt extract (e), barley nitrogen fractions (x), and total barley nitrogen (n).Significant inter-varietal partial correlations, independent of total nitrogen, were found between wort nitrogen and salt-soluble nitrogen (rwx.n = 0.88), and between extract and salt-soluble and insoluble nitrogen fractions (rex.n = 0.60 and − 0.65). Partial correlations between wort nitrogen and alcohol-soluble and insoluble nitrogen were negative but insignificant (rwx.n = − 0.54 and − 0.32).Intra-varietal simple correlations between wort nitrogen and insoluble, alcohol-soluble, and salt-soluble nitrogen fractions were all positive and significant (rwx = 0.77, 0.74, and 0.61), and those between extract and each fraction were all negative and significant (rex = − 0.88, − 0.96 and − 0.77). All of the corresponding partial correlation coefficients were insignificant.The differences between the inter- and intra-varietal relations can be summed up as follows: between varieties, total nitrogen and factors associated with it have little influence on wort nitrogen or extract, whereas nitrogen distribution and factors associated with it have a measurable effect; within varieties, total nitrogen and factors associated with it are largely responsible for the control of wort nitrogen and extract, and one of these factors is nitrogen distribution. The differences result mainly from the fact that whereas within varieties nitrogen distribution is closely related to total nitrogen content, between varieties nitrogen distribution is independent of total nitrogen content.
MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF APPALACHIAN PODSOL SOILS: IV. THE DECOMPOSITION OF GLUCOSE IN SOILS PREVIOUSLY TREATED WITH AMENDMENTS
Authors: Gray P. H. H. , Taylor C. B.
Published: April 2011

A study has been made of the decomposition of glucose in two cultivated podsol soils that had previously been treated with alkaline amendments. Limestone increased, and sodium carbonate decreased, the amount of carbon dioxide produced from the control samples; limestone increased the rate of evolution both in control samples and in samples receiving glucose. The total amount of carbon dioxide produced was increased by limestone in combination with sodium carbonate but not by limestone alone. The numbers of heterotrophic bacteria developing with glucose were stimulated by limestone.
A LEAF BLIGHT OF POPULUS TACAMAHACA MILL. CAUSED BY AN UNDESCRIBED SPECIES OF LINOSPORA
Authors: Thompson G. E.
Published: April 2011

A foliage disease of Populus tacamahaca Mill., caused by a fungus that has been given the name Linospora tetraspora n. sp., is known to occur in Alberta British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec, Canada. The lesions on the leaves are of various sizes, dark brown in colour, with very irregular and diffused margins. The leaves may be completely invaded, discoloured, and dropped prematurely. Small, black, circular or irregular pseudoclypei develop on the upper surface of the infected leaves. No true conidial stage was found in the life history. Spermatia are produced in acervuli that develop in the cells of the upper epidermis during late summer and autumn. Isolations from ascospores and plantings of infected leaf tissues gave similar mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar. The pathogenicity of the fungus was demonstrated by the inoculation of healthy leaves with a suspension of ascospores. Symptoms typical of the disease developed in about a month. The fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated leaves.
PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF NAPHTHYL ACIDS
Authors: Grace N. H.
Published: April 2011

An homologous series of ω-naphthyl, aliphatic acids from the acetic to the hexoic has been presented to the author by Dr. R. H. Manske, and the physiological activity of these has been determined by the rooting response of plant cuttings treated with solutions of each. Statistically significant positive effects have been noted on the number of cuttings that rooted, the number and length of roots per rooted cutting, and the mean root length. The results with several plant species indicate that activity exists up to and including naphthyl hexoic acid, the highest member of the series tested. A noteworthy feature of the results is the activity of the acids with an even number of carbon atoms in the side chain; those with an odd number have activity of a lower order.
RESPONSES OF DORMANT CUTTINGS OF LONICERA TARTARICA TO SOLUTIONS OF INDOLYLACETIG ACID AND NUTRIENT SALTS
Authors: Grace N. H. , Thistle M. W.
Published: April 2011

Cuttings of dormant Lonicera tartarica, collected in March, were treated with a factorial series of indolylacetic acid and nutrient solutions. Indolylacetic acid was used at dosages of 0, 10, 50, and 100 p.p.m. in conjunction with 0, 1, and 10 concentrations of a modified Hoagland's nutrient solution. Indolylacetic acid treatment significantly increased the percentage of rooting, and the number and total length of roots, the fresh root weight and the green weight of leaf per group of cuttings treated, the higher concentrations having the greater effect. The use of nutrient also significantly affected each of the foregoing characters. The results suggest that some dormant cuttings may be deficient in minerals essential for rooting, and that there is an optimum nutrient concentration somewhere below the highest used in this experiment.
PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF INDOLYL ACIDS
Authors: Grace N. H.
Published: April 2011

The physiological activity of a series of indolyl acids, from the acetic to the valeric, including 5-methyl-indolylpropionic, has been determined by the rooting responses of Lonicera tartarica cuttings treated with solutions of each. Indolylbutyric acid was the most active chemical, affecting the number and length of roots per rooted cutting, the mean root length, the green weight of leaves, and the fresh root weights. Indolylacetic acid had significant effects on the number and length of roots per rooted cutting. Slight activity was shown by indolylpropionic acid, but neither indolylvaleric acid nor 5-methyl-indolylpropionic showed any significant treatment effects. None of the acids affected the number of cuttings rooted.
COLOUR OF MEAT: II. EFFECT OF DESICCATION ON THE COLOUR OF CURED PORK
Authors: Winkler C. A.
Published: April 2011

In the absence of air, a linear relation, independent of temperature, was observed between moisture loss and colour change. The change was mainly one of intensity, and was reversible. In air, irrespective of its humidity, changes in both intensity and quality of colour occurred, but no definite relation was found between changes in humidity and colour quality for different samples. In saturated air, intensity changes became complete in the early part of the storage period, but the enhanced changes in air of lower humidity continued to increase. No influence of temperature on the rate of colour change was observed in dry air or in air of 60% relative humidity.
DEW-POINT HYGROMETER FOR USE AT LOW TEMPERATURES
Authors: Winkler C. A.
Published: April 2011

An apparatus is described in which provision for slow cooling of a metal mirror by circulating over it liquid from a vessel in a thermoregulated bath, and the use of multiple thermocouple elements contained in the mirror, enable the dew-point temperature to be gradually approached and accurately determined. Precise measurements of relative humidity at low temperatures, where the moisture content of the air is small, are therefore possible. A precision of ± 0.5% relative humidity was readily attained at temperatures down to − 15 °C.
A STUDY OF BACTERIA CONTAMINATING SIDES FOR WILTSHIRE BACON WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATION OF THEIR BEHAVIOUR IN CONCENTRATED SALT SOLUTIONS
Authors: Garrard E. H. , Lochhead A. G.
Published: April 2011

Forty microbial types, in which micrococci predominated, were found as representative of pre-curing contamination, including strains resembling organisms found in bacon slime.Varying degrees of salt tolerance were noted, micrococci showing the greatest ability to grow at higher concentrations. With 25% sodium chloride only two species showed growth. Tests with species reducing nitrate to nitrite at 5% salt concentration showed that as the salt concentration increases, nitrate reduction occurs with a progressively smaller proportion of those showing growth. This suggests that nitrate reduction in curing pickle is a function of the true halophiles rather than of the pre-curing contaminants.The organisms could be placed in five groups depending upon their salt resistance (ability to survive) in salt solutions and in curing pickle. Much greater resistance to salt was displayed in curing pickle than in salt broths of similar sodium chloride content. Pickle appeared to possess substances tending to neutralize the toxic effect of salt, the action being "protective" rather than "stimulative".Many types of bacteria constituting original contamination are considered able to survive the pickling process. Although the findings do not point to any pronounced activity of these in pickle, their ability to survive opens the possibility of their becoming active after pickling and contributing to storage defects. The results justify the adoption of measures for the utmost plant sanitation in Wiltshire processing.
STUDIES ON THE BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF THE BURSATE NEMATODES OF HORSES AND SHEEP: VI. ON THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF SOME NITROGENOUS CHEMICALS ON THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF SCLEROSTOMES
Authors: Parnell I. W.
Published: April 2011

The effect of ten chemicals, containing a nitrogen radicle, on the free-living stages of Sclerostomes is discussed. Chloropicrin is the most lethal chemical yet tested; under the conditions of these tests, one part of chloropicrin will sterilize approximately 2,300 times its weight of fresh faeces, but its disadvantages weigh against its practicability for farm use. Aniline will sterilize about 525 times its weight of fresh faeces when undiluted and 800 or 900 times its weight as a very weak solution. Calcium cyanide, whose value is also limited by its danger, will sterilize 530 times its weight of fresh faeces. Pyridine is slightly more effective when applied undiluted or as a strong or medium strength solution; it will then sterilize about 400 times its weight of fresh faeces. Ammonium carbonate will sterilize approximately 50 times its weight of fresh faeces. Ammonium chloride, cupric nitrate, and ammonium nitrate will sterilize approximately 30, 25, and 21 times their own weight of fresh faeces respectively. They are, however, more effective if applied as medium strength solutions, and cupric nitrate in lesser amounts causes the death of many larvae after they have reached the third stage, although the chemical was added to the fresh faeces. Ammonium sulphide, as a 15% solution, will sterilize nearly 14 times its weight of fresh faeces. Saponin probably has no lethal value against Sclerostomes chemically, although physically it may affect them.
DETERMINATION OF NITRITE, NITRATE, AND CHLORIDE IN CURED MEAT AND CURING PICKLE
Authors: White W. H.
Published: April 2011

An extract suitable for the quantitative determination of nitrite, nitrate, and chloride in cured meat was prepared by freezing and thawing the sample, followed by extraction with hot water. The sulphanilic acid-α-naphthylamine hydrochloride method, applied to the photoelectric colorimeter, was suitable for the determination of nitrite in meat extract and curing pickle. A number of factors that affect this reaction were investigated. The nitrate content of cured meat and curing pickle was determined by the phenoldisulphonic acid method, slightly modified and applied to the photoelectric colorimeter. The chloride content of meat extract was determined, either by direct titration with potassium chromate as indicator, or by Volhard's procedure, after the removal of protein by ignition or wet oxidation. The latter method should be used if accuracy within 5% is desired. Direct titration was satisfactory for the determination of chloride in curing pickle.The precision of the above methods is illustrated by the following average deviations of individual determinations from their means, as computed from 25 or more duplicate determinations, and expressed as a percentage of the amount present, for meat and pickle respectively: chloride, ±0.20% and ±0.02%; nitrate ±0.70% and ±0.30%; nitrite, ±1.7% and ±0.1%.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIONOMICS OF OVA AND MIRACIDIA OF FASCIOLA HEPATICA LINN., IN EASTERN CANADA
Authors: Griffiths Henry J.
Published: April 2011

The effect of temperature, light, darkness, and chemicals on the hatching of the eggs of Fasciola hepatica is discussed. Some malformations of the eggs of this parasite together with observations on the miracidia are recorded. A description of methods employed for attempted infestation of suspected snails is given. In no instance, however, were any specimens of the 11 species of snails exposed, proven to act as intermediate host for F. hepatica.
LACUSTRINE INVESTIGATIONS IN THE GASPÉ PENINSULA
Authors: Honeyman A. J. M.
Published: April 2011

A study of the temperature variations in Ross Lake indicates that it is a typical "second order" lake. The seasonal variations are explicable in terms of the changes in air temperature and the resulting effects on temperature and density of the water. Thermal stratification is clearly indicated. Seasonal variations in the dissolved oxygen content of the water are largely dependent on temperature changes. The variations in acidity, alkalinity, and hydrogen ion concentration are dependent chiefly on temperature changes affecting solubility of carbon dioxide, and on the limy nature of the lake bottom. Analysis of the oxygen distribution indicates a eutrophic condition, but there is as yet insufficient quantitative information about the biological conditions to warrant definite conclusions.
ON POTENTIAL MOMENTUM AND MOMENTUM FIELDS IN DYNAMICS
Authors: Watson W. H.
Published: April 2011

Based on previous work of the writer (2) this paper deals with the specification of dynamical systems via potential momentum and momentum fields, and setting out from the continuous motion formally identical with the meson→electron transformation, opens the study of systems of motions of a single particle defined by[Formula: see text]where Fρσ is not an antisymmetric tensor. Fields which, in addition to the usual electromagnetic effects, change the rest-mass of a particle moving under their action, and which are caused by the creation or destruction of electric charge, are proposed as the classical model for neutrino radiation.
TAIL BANDS OF THE DESLANDRES-D'AZAMBUJA SYSTEM OF THE C2 MOLECULE
Authors: Herzberg G. , Sutton R. B.
Published: April 2011

A number of new bands of the C2 molecule are analysed and found to represent tail bands of the Deslandres-d'Azambuja system. In consequence of the extension of this system thus obtained it was possible to improve considerably on the values of the rotational and vibrational constants of the upper and lower states 1IIg and 1IIu respectively. The vibrational quanta of the upper state are found to decrease rather rapidly, and a short extrapolation leads to a dissociation limit at 35,900 cm.−1 above the lower state 1IIu. From this and a recently suggested D0(C2) value, the energy difference between the 1IIu state and the 3IIu ground state is determined to be 13,700 cm.−1 = 1.7 e.v.
THE VALIDITY OF THE FERRY-PORTER LAW IN DEPRESSED AND ENHANCED STATES OF RETINAL SENSITIVITY
Authors: Allen Frank , Schwartz Manuel
Published: April 2011

The experiments described in this communication were conducted with the object of ascertaining whether or not the Ferry-Porter law was valid in various states of adaptation of the retina. The results uniformly showed that the law holds in such states of visual adaptation as were induced.Only a few of the endless combinations of stimulation and observation colours were tried. In addition to proving the validity of the law under the conditions selected, the experiments showed that reversals of sensitivity of the visual apparatus occurred after rest-intervals of three minutes, when depression of sensitivity changed to enhancement, and enhancement to depression, according to circumstances.The neural oscillatory effect was investigated to some extent.
A NEW FORM OF ABRASION TESTER
Authors: Larose P.
Published: April 2011

A machine for testing the abrasive property of textile material is described. This abrasion tester differs from others in the method of renewing the wearing surface. This offers certain advantages.
SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE OF THE B2 MOLECULE AND DETERMINATION OF ITS STRUCTURE
Authors: Douglas A. E. , Herzberg G.
Published: April 2011

In a discharge in helium with a trace of boron trichloride a new band system is found. The observation of isotope bands and in particular of an intensity alternation in the fine structure shows that the system is due to the diatomic boron molecule, B2. The B211 band heads are represented by the formula[Formula: see text]The bands consist of single R and P branches. The fine structure analysis yields the following rotational constants: Be′ = 1.160, Be″ = 1.212, α′ = 0.011 and α″ = 0.014 cm.−1. From these the internuclear distances re′ = 1.625 and re″ = 1.590Å are obtained. It is shown that in all probability the system represents a 3Σu− − 3Σ0−transition, the lower state being the ground state.From the intensity alternation in the B211 bands, the spin of the B11 nuclei is found to be 5/2. This value is in disagreement with recent theoretical predictions based on the Hartree as well as on the α-particle model of the nucleus.Finally, a comparison with the other homonuclear diatomic molecules of the second period of the periodic system is made as well as a comparison of B2 and C2 with B2H6 and C2H6.
FORMIC ACID AS A SOLVENT FOR OZONIZATION INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Dorland Rodger M. , Hibbert Harold
Published: April 2011

The use of formic acid as a solvent in ozonization investigations has been developed and its suitability demonstrated by experiments on organic compounds of known structure. This solvent shows a remarkable tendency to protect the aldehyde from oxidation to the carboxyl group. The stability of the aromatic nucleus to ozone is apparently somewhat greater in this solvent than in ethyl acetate.
ÉTUDES PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES SUR LES CARBONATES ALCALINS : I. RECHERCHES SUR L'ACTIVITÉ DES IONS-HYDROGÈNE DANS LES SOLUTIONS AQUEUSES DE CARBONATES ALCALINS
Authors: Lortie Léon , Demers Pierre
Published: April 2011

not available
THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A SIMPLE AUTOMATIC MULTIPLE BURETTE
Authors: Tapp J. S.
Published: April 2011

A simple automatic machine has been designed and built for delivering small measured quantities of liquid at regular intervals of time. The fluid comes in contact with no other material than glass, and hence the apparatus may be used to handle almost all known, free flowing liquids without fear of corrosion of the apparatus or serious contamination of the fluid. The liquid may contain a solute or stable colloidal particles without causing irregular operation through the deposition of solids by evaporation. The design lends itself particularly to handling many different fluids simultaneously, or to delivering measured quantities of a similar fluid at many different places.A machine substantially similar to the one described in this paper, handling 12 different fluids at once, has been in operation continuously for more than eight months, and has required very little attention apart from replenishing the contents of the reservoirs.
A SMALL-SCALE ELECTRODIALYSIS CELL
Authors: Collier H. B.
Published: April 2011

An electrodialysis cell for removing electrolytes from small volumes of colloidal solutions is described. On dialysis of a solution half-saturated with ammonium sulphate, only 2% of the salt remained after three hours.
NAPHTHALENE DERIVATIVES FROM SUBSTITUTED γ-PHENYLCROTONIC ESTERS
Authors: Marion Léo , McRae John A.
Published: April 2011

The product of the condensation of phenylacetone with ethyl malonate, i.e., ethyl α-carbethoxy-β-methyl-γ-phenyl-butenoate, when saponified, gives rise to 3-methyl-1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. This can be decarboxylated to a naphthol identical with 3-methyl-1-naphthol prepared by a series of reactions from β-methyl-naphthalene. The synthetic naphthol, in the Kolbe synthesis, yields 3-methyl-1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, identical with the acid produced when the condensation ester is saponified. The condensation of phenylacetone with ethyl cyanoacetate gives rise to an unsaturated ester which does not cyclize spontaneously, but only when heated in glycerol, to a phenolic compound, probably 1-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-naphthoic nitrile.
THE ALKALOIDS OF FUMARIACEOUS PLANTS: XXVIII. CORYDALIS NOBILIS PERS.
Authors: Manske Richard H. F.
Published: April 2011

The following nine known alkaloids have been isolated from Corydalis nobilis Pers.—protopine, cryptopine, d- and dl-tetrahydro-palmatine, stylopine, d-isocorypalmine, corytuberine, bicuculline, and corlumine. In addition, three as yet uncharacterized bases have been obtained. Alkaloid F54 and alkaloid F55 are phenolic and the former may be represented by C19H23O5N containing two methoxyl groups. Alkaloid F53 is non-phenolic and analyses indicate C17H17O4N.
THE PROBLEM OF PLASTEIN FORMATION: III. A NOTE ON THE COMPLEXITY OF PEPTIC PLASTEIN IN UREA SOLUTION
Authors: Collier H. B.
Published: April 2011

A solution of plastein in strong urea was injected into guinea-pigs and was found to give a slight anaphylactic reaction. The urea solution was also analysed in the velocity ultracentrifuge, and was shown to contain particles of protein dimensions, but sedimented in a completely inhomogeneous manner. The proteose substrate showed no sedimentation.It is concluded that, although the plasteins are formed as a result of a true enzymatic synthesis, and have protein properties, they are not definite entities comparable to typical proteins.
THE KINETICS OF THE DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS OF THE LOWER PARAFFINS: VII. THE NITRIC OXIDE INHIBITED DECOMPOSITION OF ETHANE
Authors: Steacie E. W. R. , Shane Gerald
Published: April 2011

An investigation has been made of the nitric oxide inhibited thermal decomposition of ethane. Apparent chain lengths of 2.4 to 5 are found at temperatures from 640° to 565 °C. The activation energy of the inhibited reaction is found to be 77.3 Kcal. The results are discussed and it is concluded that the thermal decomposition of ethane proceeds mainly by a rearrangement mechanism and that free-radical chain mechanisms for the ethane decomposition are untenable.
A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF EMMERIE'S IRON-DIPYRIDYL METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TOCOPHEROL CONTENT OF OILS
Authors: Parker W. E. , McFarlane W. D.
Published: April 2011

By treating a petrol ether solution of wheat-germ oil with 85% sulphuric acid, centrifuging, and washing the supernatant petrol ether with dilute alkali, carotenoids and other substances that interfere with the iron-dipyridyl method for determining tocopherol are removed. Tocopherol is not affected by the treatment. The tocopherol content of the solution is finally determined by a modification of Emmerie's method.
NEW SPECIES OF GYMNOSPORANGIUM
Authors: Crowell Ivan H.
Published: April 2011

Gymnosporangium minus n. sp. occurs on Cupressus sempervirens L. near Athens, Greece, and is the only species on a non-juniperus telial host in Europe. G. guatemalianum n. sp. was found on Amelanchier nervosa (Dcne.) Standl. and G. meridissimum n. sp. on Cupressus benthami Endl. in Guatemala; they are the most southerly species of the genus and may be genetically related.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: IV. EFFECTS OF CANE SUGAR, ETHYL MERCURIC PHOSPHATE, AND INDOLYLACETIC ACID IN TALC DUST ON THE ROOTING OF NORWAY SPRUCE
Authors: Grace N. H.
Published: April 2011

Norway spruce cuttings collected in November from the upper part of the tree were treated with a series of talc dusts containing indolylacetic and naphthylacetic acids, each at 0, 1000, and 5000 p.p.m., combined with cane sugar at 0 and 10%, and ethyl mercuric phosphate at 0 and 50 p.p.m., and propagated in a greenhouse. Indolylacetic acid at 1000 p.p.m. increased rooting by about 10% to 42.5%, three months after planting, but at 5000 p.p.m. reduced it significantly. Naphthylacetic acid reduced rooting at both concentrations. Indolylacetic acid increased the length of root per rooted cutting. Sugar in combination with indolylacetic acid inhibited the increase in root length caused by the hormone alone; organic mercury alone or in combination with indolylacetic acid reduced root length, but sugar and mercury in combination exerted no greater inhibition than either alone.Mean root length was affected only by indolylacetic acid, which increased it.
QUALITATIVE STUDIES OF SOIL MICRO-ORGANISMS: III. INFLUENCE OF PLANT GROWTH ON THE CHARACTER OF THE BACTERIAL FLORA
Authors: Lochhead A. G.
Published: April 2011

Comparative studies of the relative incidence of bacterial types occurring in the rhizosphere of different plants and in control soils indicated that the qualitative nature of the soil microflora is markedly influenced by the growing plant. In the rhizosphere Gram-negative rods are proportionately increased while Gram-positive rods, coccoid rods, and spore-forming types are relatively less abundant.The majority of bacteria isolated from soil by non-selective plating are forms included in the family Proactinomycetaceae (Jensen's classification). Of these by far the largest group consists of members of the genus Corynebacterium. In the rhizosphere proactinomycetes as a whole are relatively less abundant, with the Corynebacterium (non-motile) group likewise depressed. However, closely related motile forms classed as Mycoplana are preferentially stimulated.In the rhizosphere the bacteria show definitely greater physiological activity than in soil distant from the plant. Not only is there a notably greater proportion of motile forms, and a pronounced increase in the incidence of chromogenic types, but also a higher incidence of liquefying bacteria and of those able to affect glucose.A comparison of the rhizosphere of certain plant varieties resistant and susceptible respectively to soil-borne disease showed differences of a qualitative nature in the bacterial flora suggestive of a greater "rhizosphere effect" in the case of the susceptible varieties studied. Results point to the possibility that resistance may be associated with a selective action of root excretions on the saprophytic soil microflora.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A STUDY OF THE FUNGUS FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA: IV. ADDITIONAL BASIDIOMYCETES
Authors: Wehmeyer L. E.
Published: April 2011

not available
THE EFFECT OF NUTRIENT SALTS IN ORGANIC MERCURIAL SEED DISINFECTANTS ON THE GERMINATION AND EARLY GROWTH OF WHEAT
Authors: Grace N. H.
Published: April 2011

Wheat seed was treated by dusting with a series of seed disinfectants containing 5% of ethyl mercuric halide (80 Br: 20 Cl) and three concentrations of each of KNO3, KH2PO4, NH4KHPO4, and Ca(H2PO4)2∙H2O. This method of applying nutrient salts failed to effect any general stimulation to germination or early growth. In one experiment with Marquis wheat, KNO3 accelerated germination without increasing the final value, and all but KH2PO4 increased root weight three weeks after planting. In two subsequent experiments with only KNO3 added to the mercurial, but with four varieties of wheat, conducted at different temperatures, no stimulation was observed.
EFFECTS OF DUSTS CONTAINING INDOLYLBUTYRIC ACID AND OESTRONE ON THE ROOTING OF DORMANT LONICERA TARTARICA CUTTINGS
Authors: Grace N. H.
Published: April 2011

Indolylbutyric acid and oestrone, separately and in combination in a series of talc dusts, were applied to dormant cuttings of Lonicera tartarica. Indolylbutyric acid treatment, averaged over all oestrone treatments, increased the number of cuttings rooted, the number and length of roots per rooted cutting, the mean root length, and the green weight of leaf produced by the dormant cuttings. The average effect of oestrone on these responses was depressive throughout. Oestrone tended to offset the beneficial effects of the plant growth stimulating chemical, excepting the combination of 100 p.p.m. of each which increased root length. Oestrone alone did not reduce either the number or lengths of root per rooted cutting.The results indicated that the number and length of roots and the green weight of leaf produced are more sensitive responses for demonstrating differences due to indolylbutyric acid concentration in talc than is the percentage of cuttings rooted.
THE INTERACTION OF HIGHER PLANTS AND SOIL MICRO-ORGANISMS: I. MICROBIAL POPULATION OF RHIZOSPHERE OF SEEDLINGS OF CERTAIN CULTIVATED PLANTS
Authors: Timonin M. I.
Published: April 2011

The microbial population in the rhizosphere of wheat, oats, alfalfa, and peas was studied and the relative abundance of different types of micro-organisms recorded. By means of the plating method it was found that bacteria and actinomycetes were 7 to 71 times greater in the rhizosphere than in the soil distant from the roots, whereas fungi were but 0.75 to 3.1 times more numerous.Different varieties of plants affected the activity of the various groups of soil micro-organisms differently. Thus fungi were more numerous in the rhizosphere of oats, and bacteria in the rhizosphere of alfalfa. Seventeen genera of fungi were represented in isolates from the rhizosphere of seedlings and the soil distant from the roots. However, no marked difference was observed in the types isolated from the rhizosphere of different varieties of seedlings. A fungus isolated from the rhizosphere of alfalfa proved to be a new species and the genus Spicularia Persoon was amended to include it.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: VI. HORMONE SOLUTION AND DUST TREATMENTS OF SPRUCE CUTTINGS PROPAGATED IN GREENHOUSE AND OUTSIDE FRAMES
Authors: Grace N. H. , Farrar J. L.
Published: April 2011

Four monthly collections of dormant Norway spruce cuttings, January to April, were treated with indolylbutyric acid solutions and propagated in sand in a greenhouse. February and April collections gave better rooting than those of the other two months, while there was appreciably greater mortality of the March and April collections. The results with short cuttings were uniformly superior to those obtained with long cuttings. Other cuttings of the April collection were propagated outside. The short cuttings responded more favourably to outside conditions, while the long cuttings gave equally poor results inside and outside. Indolylbutyric acid treatment had no beneficial effect and was followed by reduced rooting and increased mortality at concentrations from 20 to 60 p.p.m.Results of a late March collection of Norway, white, and black spruce cuttings treated with talc dusts containing indolylacetic acid, cane sugar, and organic mercury, indicated that Norway spruce rooted more readily than the two other species. Treatment failed to have a beneficial effect, although injury from indolylacetic acid was somewhat reduced by its combination with organic mercury.The results of these and the other experiments reported indicate that short Norway spruce cuttings over the period from January to April root to the extent of about 50%. A May collection, an early June collection with new growth on the cuttings, and a late June collection in which the cuttings were made from new growth only, gave inappreciable rooting. Similar new-growth cuttings did, however, give some rooting when propagated in sand watered with nutrient salts.
FLUCTUATIONS IN NUMBERS OF BACTERIA IN SOIL
Authors: James Norman , Sutherland Marjorie L.
Published: April 2011

Comprehensive studies on the relation of moisture, temperature, and time to the numbers of bacteria in a fallow plot were carried on over a period of 15 weeks during the summer of 1939. The data involved represent: moisture—percentages of dry weights of samples; temperature—averages of air temperature readings for three days preceding samplings; time—numbers of days from the beginning of the experiment to dates of sampling; numbers of bacteria—plate count determinations from the following:On each of 6 dates 5 composite samples, with 48 plates from each.On each of 6 dates 9 composite samples, with 27 plates from each.On each of 10 dates 12 composite samples, with 27 plates from each.On the basis of linear regression, bacteria in millions and moisture in percentage give a significant correlation for between day samples. The same is true for samples plated on the same day.The application of multiple regression of average numbers of bacteria in the samples handled at each date on average moisture in percentage, temperature in degrees F. and time in days shows that these environmental factors account for most of the variation in numbers of bacteria in the plot during the period of this study.The correlation between numbers of bacteria and moisture in the samples on different dates was found to be logarithmic. This relation becomes more nearly linear when the correlation is carried out on the numbers of bacteria adjusted for the factor associated with time.
REPRODUCTION IN SOME POA SPECIES
Authors: Engelbert V.
Published: April 2011

The writer has demonstrated through breeding experiments repeated over three years, that Poa arctica R. Br., Poa alpigena Fr. Lindm., Poa alpina L. from Greenland as well as Poa alpina L. from Georgian Bay, Ontario, and a race of Poa pratensis L. from Gaspé, Quebec, are all apomictic (parthenogenic) and pseudogamous. In pseudogamy the pollen tube enters the stigma and activates the apomictic embryo sac to development, but it does not as a rule enter the ovarian tissue to achieve fertilization of the ovule. Pollen from any one species germinated readily and with a high percentage on the stigmas of any one of the others. Pollen sterility did not exceed 2%.
A ROOT-ROT OF DOUGLAS FIR CAUSED BY PORIA WEIRII
Authors: Mounce Irene , Bier J. E. , Nobles Mildred K.
Published: April 2011

A laminated root-rot of Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lamb.) Britt.] occurs in young stands on Vancouver Island, B.C. The decay, the sporophore associated with it, and the cultural characters of the fungus are described A comparison with Poria Weirii Murr., previously reported only on Thuja plicata (D Don.), shows a close resemblance in all respects between the two fungi.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A STUDY OF THE FUNGUS FLORA OF NOVA SCOTIA: V. DISCOMYCETES
Authors: Wehmeyer Lewis E.
Published: April 2011

not available
VARIABILITY IN ASSOCIATION EFFECTS OF OTHER SOIL FUNGI ON THE VIRULENCE OFHELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUMON WHEAT SEEDLINGS
Authors: Sanford G. B. , Cormack M. W.
Published: April 2011

Random isolates of Penicillium, Actinomyces, and certain miscellaneous soil-inhabiting fungi were tested in steam sterilized soil, under pure culture conditions, for their association effects on the virulence of Helminthosporium sativum P. K. and B. on wheat seedlings. Certain isolates of the first two genera mentioned exerted a marked degree of suppression, some had no effect, while others increased the virulence. Similarly, these effects varied widely within certain species of Penicillium. This preliminary study indicates that the random isolates of many genera and species of fungi may differ widely in ability to affect the virulence of certain plant pathogens.
THE HELMINTH PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES OF SHEEP IN CANADA: I. A SURVEY AND SOME PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON EXISTING PROBLEMS
Authors: Swales W. E.
Published: April 2011

Investigations have been made upon the identity, incidence, economic importance, and seasonal fluctuations of the helminth parasites in the alimentary canal of sheep in Canada, special consideration having been given to the problems in Quebec and eastern Ontario. Haemonchiasis is the parasitic disease of major importance in Eastern Canada during the summer months, and is replaced by trichostrongylosis, oesophagostomiasis, and possibly hookworm disease in the late autumn and winter. Haemonchiasis and chabertiasis were recorded in British Columbia.
STUDIES ON STRONGYLOIDES AGOUTII SP. NOV. FROM THE AGOUTI (DASYPROCTA AGOUTI)
Authors: Griffiths Henry J.
Published: April 2011

A morphological and biological study is presented of a hitherto unrecorded member of the genus Strongyloides from the golden-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta agouti), a rodent native to Trinidad, B.W.I., and northern South America. The name Strongyloides agoutii sp. nov. is proposed for this species.Observations on the free-living development over a period of three years showed the indirect type to prevail; no seasonal variation was observed. Continuous propagation of the free-living generation of this species was not observed in faecal cultures or on artificial media.A brief résumé of the classical studies on species of the genus Strongyloides is included, together with a summary of existing hypotheses and theories on the biology of this group. A list of species and hosts for this genus is given.
CANADIAN WILTSHIRE BACON: VI. QUANTITATIVE BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PRODUCT
Authors: Gibbons N. E.
Published: April 2011

Surface counts of bacteria on the ribs of bacon showed that nutrient agar containing 4% salt incubated at 20 °C. gave the maximum number. In sampling the surface of a side of bacon, it was found that the removal of the surface layer of tissue yielded more accurate values than methods based on the removal of organisms by swabs or filter paper impressions.On the average, the bacterial load on the anterior ribs was greater than on the posterior ribs. Although there were significant differences in the number of bacteria on sides from the same plant, the greatest variation was between sides from different plants.A visible growth of bacteria or "slime" becomes evident on the average when the logarithm of the number of organisms per sq. cm. exceeds 7.2. Nevertheless, certain sides may appear slimy at log 6.7 per sq. cm., while others will not show this condition at log 8.0 per sq. cm. This variation in the number of organisms present at the visible slime level may result from differences in the flora, different types of growth of the same organism, or variability in the method of detection.The number of bacteria on the side was found to be correlated with the age of the sides from cure or from packing. The growth rate is slow during the first 8 to 10 days from packing, after which it increases. Sides having an initial load of 100,000 organisms per sq. cm. at packing may be expected to remain free from slime for 20 to 25 days, if stored at 1.1 °C. No correlation was obtained between the number of bacteria in the curing pickle and the number on the product.
CANADIAN WILTSHIRE BACON: IX. COLOUR STABILITY OF BACON AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CHEMICAL ANALYSES
Authors: Winkler C. A. , Hopkins J. W. , Rooke E. A.
Published: April 2011

Photoelectric measurements on samples of two factory-cured sides from each of 22 Canadian packing plants, sampled (i) upon receipt at the laboratory, (ii) after storage for 10 days at 1 °C., and (iii) after smoking for 14 hr. at 40 °C., indicated statistically significant differences between the product of individual plants in respect of the stability of total intensity of colour, and of the component intensities of red, green, and blue, on exposure of freshly-cut samples for 20 hr. at 10 °C., and 95% relative humidity. Apart from a batch effect after smoking, however, there was no marked segregation of any one plant or group of plants from the remainder in respect of colour stability of product. On the average, the effect of smoking was to reduce colour stability.Analyses of covariance demonstrated (i) a significant degree of correlation between the green and blue stability of the same sample, and (ii) a further correlation between the initial green and blue intensity and the stability of these components, samples of higher initial intensity suffering a greater reduction on exposure. Partial correlation studies suggest that increased nitrite content was accompanied by an enhanced stability of the red component of colour, but no correlation between the salt, nitrate and moisture content or pH of the meat and its colour stability was demonstrable.
PARTIAL CONGENITAL OCCLUSION OF THE VAGINA IN THE SILVER FOX
Authors: Kropp Benjamin
Published: April 2011

A condition of partially imperforate vagina in the silver fox is described and briefly discussed.
THE HELMINTH PARASITES OF SLEDGE-DOGS IN NORTHERN CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Cameron Thomas W. M. , Parnell I. W. , Lyster L. L.
Published: April 2011

In a survey, based on examination of faeces and viscera of sledge dogs, the following were identified: hookworms, ascarids, whipworms, kidney worms, fish-carried and other tapeworms, the Canadian liver-fluke and other trematodes and an acanthocephalid. The distribution of the infections is noted. The acanthocephalid, Corynosoma semerme, is recorded for the first time from North America.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE RED AND YELLOW COLOURS OF THE MUSCLE TISSUE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA CANNED SPRING SALMON AROUND THE MEANS OF THE INDIVIDUAL DISTRIBUTIONS OCCURRING IN SMALL, ARBITRARILY CHOSEN TIME INTERVALS
Authors: Charnley F. , Harcus Laura M.
Published: April 2011

The distributions of the red and yellow colours of the cooked muscle tissue of British Columbia spring salmon (Oncorhynchus Tschawytscha) around the means of the individual distributions occurring in small, arbitrarily chosen time intervals are composite distributions each consisting of two component normal distributions, thus indicating that there are two, and only two, varieties of this species when the salmon are classified on the basis of these two quality characteristics. The proportions of the pale and red varieties are very nearly 1:3 so that when sampling fluctuations are taken into account the data are in complete agreement with the hypothesis that the true proportions are, respectively, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
COLOUR OF MEAT: III. AN IMPROVED COLOUR COMPARATOR FOR SOLIDS
Authors: Winkler C. A. , Cook W. H. , Rooke E. A.
Published: April 2011

A photoelectric colour comparator, previously described (Can. J. Research, D, 17: 1-7. 1939) has been improved to permit greater precision and more rapid operation. Measurements on meat indicate that the degree of precision attainable with the new comparator is determined primarily by sampling, rather than instrumental, errors.
STUDIES ON OESTRUS OVIS L.
Authors: Fallis A. Murray
Published: April 2011

The incidence of infection of Oestrus ovis larvae in lambs has been determined. Flies were obtained from larvae which pupated in the laboratory. The three larval stages of the fly were studied and characteristic features illustrated. Information relative to the rate of growth of the larvae was obtained from a routine examination of infected animals and experimental infection of lambs. The effect of the parasites on these experimentally infected animals was noted.
RECOMPRESSION PHENOMENA IN STEAM NOZZLES: PART I
Authors: Robb Charles Alexander
Published: April 2011

The purpose of the investigation was to find when and how recompression occurs in the flow of steam through a nozzle, its causes and effects, how the results can be predicted, and what losses are caused by these phenomena. Four types of recompression were observed: equilibrium, latent, vena contracta, and shock recompression.It is shown that steam in flowing through a nozzle of varying cross-section responds to the changes of area within certain limits and recompression phenomena may be expected. The Venturi effect has been observed in single nozzles, and in both parts of a composite nozzle.The behaviour of steam in equilibrium recompression in convergent-divergent nozzles can be predicted by means of an equation from which a valuers obtained for the pressure pr at which overexpansion ends and an increase in pressure begins; the pressure pr depends on the inlet pressure to the nozzle and on the difference in pressure at inlet and outlet.The recompression due to the contraction of the section can be controlled and avoided by suitable provision in the design. The compression following a change of state of a flowing fluid can be controlled by adjusting the rate of expansion of the fluid in specified pressure ranges. Novel evidence of latent recompression is found in a break or notch in the pressure expansion curve plotted from search tube observations.The experiments were carried out at inlet pressures within the range at which turbine-condition curves may cross the saturation line between the superheat and wet regions on the Mollier diagram, and the effects of recompression to be expected under varying load conditions can be interpreted for particular nozzle designs.Comparative studies of the effect of the nozzle shape on recompression phenomena and the losses resulting therefrom have indicated that the conditions for favourable efficiency require a larger inlet radius at the throat and a length shorter than the lengths commonly found in practice.
RECOMPRESSION PHENOMENA IN STEAM NOZZLES: PART II
Authors: Robb Charles Alexander
Published: April 2011

not available
A DIRECT READING MICROPHOTOMETER
Authors: Langstroth G. O. , Newbound K. B. , Brown W. W.
Published: April 2011

A direct reading photoelectric microphotometer, designed for use in spectrographic analysis, is described.