bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantized topological phases beyond square lattices in Floquet synthetic dimensions [Invited]
Authors: Sriram Samarth , Sridhar Sashank Kaushik , Dutt Avik
Published: January 2025

Topological effects manifest in a variety of lattice geometries. While square lattices, due to their simplicity, have been used for models supporting nontrivial topology, several exotic topological phenomena such as Dirac points, Weyl points, and Haldane phases are most commonly supported by non-square lattices. Examples of prototypical non-square lattices include the honeycomb lattice of graphene and 2D materials, and the Kagome lattice, both of which break fundamental symmetries and can exhibit quantized transport, especially when long-range hoppings and gauge fields are incorporated. The challenge of controllably realizing such long-range hoppings and gauge fields has motivated a large body of research focused on harnessing lattices encoded in "synthetic" dimensions. Photons in particular have many internal degrees of freedom and hence show promise for implementing these synthetic dimensions; however, most photonic synthetic dimensions have hitherto created 1D or 2D square lattices. Here we show that non-square lattice Hamiltonians such as the Haldane model and its variations can be implemented using Floquet synthetic dimensions. Our construction uses dynamically modulated ring resonators and provides the capacity for direct k-space engineering of lattice Hamiltonians. This k-space construction lifts constraints on the orthogonality of lattice vectors that make square geometries simpler to implement in lattice-space constructions and instead transfers the complexity to the engineering of tailored, complex Floquet drive signals. We simulate topological signatures of the Haldane and the brick-wall Haldane model and observe them to be robust in the presence of external optical drive and photon loss, and discuss unique characteristics of their topological transport when implemented on these Floquet lattices. Our proposal demonstrates the potential of driven-dissipative Floquet synthetic dimensions as a new architecture for k-space Hamiltonian simulation of high-dimensional lattice geometries, supported by scalable photonic integration, that lifts the constraints of several existing platforms for topological photonics and synthetic dimensions.
Single plasmonic exceptional point nanoantenna coupled to a photonic integrated circuit sensor
Authors: Behrouzi Kamyar , Wu Zhanni , Lin Liwei , Kante Boubacar
Published: January 2025

Point-of-care sensors are pivotal for early disease diagnosis, significantly advancing global health. Surface plasmons, the collective oscillations of free electrons under electromagnetic excitation, have been widely studied for biosensing due to their electromagnetic field enhancements at sub-wavelength scales. We introduce a plasmonic biosensor on a compact photonic integrated circuit (PIC) enhanced by exceptional points (EPs). EPs, singularities in non-Hermitian optical systems, provide extreme sensitivity to external perturbations. They emerge when two or more complex resonating modes merge into a single degenerate mode. We demonstrate an EP in a single coupled nanoantenna particle positioned in a uniquely designed silicon nitride slot-waveguide, which we call a junction-waveguide. By laterally shifting two optically coupled gold nanobars of different lengths, we achieve a single particle EP. The junction-waveguide enables efficient coupling of the plasmonic nanoantenna to the waveguide mode. The system integrates a four-port Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), allowing for simultaneous measurements of the amplitude and phase of EP, facilitating highly accurate real-time eigenvalue extraction. For biosensing, we encapsulated the detection zone with a microchannel, enabling low-volume and simple sample handling. Our single particle integrated EP sensor demonstrates superior sensitivity compared to the corresponding linear diabolic point (DP) system under both local and bulk sensing schemes, even at large perturbations. Our studies revealed that the integrated EP sensor can detect a single molecule captured by the nanobars with the average size ranging from 10 to 100 nm. The proposed EP biosensor, with its extreme sensitivity, compact form, and real-time phase sensing capabilities, provides an approach for detecting and quantifying various biomarkers such as proteins and nucleic acids, offering a unique platform for early disease diagnosis.
Sparse high-dimensional decomposition of non-primary auditory cortical receptive fields
Authors: Mukherjee Shoutik , Babadi Behtash , Shamma Shihab
Published: January 2025

Characterizing neuronal responses to natural stimuli remains a central goal in sensory neuroscience. In auditory cortical neurons, the stimulus selectivity of elicited spiking activity is summarized by a spectrotemporal receptive field (STRF) that relates neuronal responses to the stimulus spectrogram. Though effective in characterizing primary auditory cortical responses, STRFs of non-primary auditory neurons can be quite intricate, reflecting their mixed selectivity. The complexity of non-primary STRFs hence impedes understanding how acoustic stimulus representations are transformed along the auditory pathway. Here, we focus on the relationship between ferret primary auditory cortex (A1) and a secondary region, dorsal posterior ectosylvian gyrus (PEG). We propose estimating receptive fields in PEG with respect to a well-established high-dimensional computational model of primary-cortical stimulus representations. These “cortical receptive fields” (CortRF) are estimated greedily to identify the salient primary-cortical features modulating spiking responses and in turn related to corresponding spectrotemporal features. Hence, they provide biologically plausible hierarchical decompositions of STRFs in PEG. Such CortRF analysis was applied to PEG neuronal responses to speech and temporally orthogonal ripple combination (TORC) stimuli and, for comparison, to A1 neuronal responses. CortRFs of PEG neurons captured their selectivity to more complex spectrotemporal features than A1 neurons; moreover, CortRF models were more predictive of PEG (but not A1) responses to speech. Our results thus suggest that secondary-cortical stimulus representations can be computed as sparse combinations of primary-cortical features that facilitate encoding natural stimuli. Thus, by adding the primary-cortical representation, we can account for PEG single-unit responses to natural sounds better than bypassing it and considering as input the auditory spectrogram. These results confirm with explicit details the presumed hierarchical organization of the auditory cortex.
Polymyositis in Kooiker dogs is associated with a 39 kb deletion upstream of the canine IL21/IL2 locus
Authors: Opmeer Yvet , van Steenbeek Frank G. , Rozendom Claudia , Fieten Hille , Diaz Espineira Montse M. , Stassen Qurine E. M. , van Kooten Peter J. , Rutten Victor P. M. G. , Hytönen Marjo K. , Lohi Hannes , Mandigers Paul J. J. , Leegwater Peter A.
Published: January 2025

Recently we characterized polymyositis in the Dutch Kooiker dog. The familial occurrence of the disease were suggestive of an inherited cause. Here we report the results of our molecular genetic investigation. A genome-wide association study of 33 cases and 106 controls indicated the involvement of a region on chromosome CFA19 (p = 4.7*10−10). Haplotype analysis indicated that the cases shared a 2.9 Mb region in the homozygous or the heterozygous state. Next Generation Sequencing of genomic DNA implicated a deletion of a 39 kb DNA fragment, located 10 kb upstream of the neighbouring interleukin genes IL21 and IL2. The frequency of the deletion allele was 0.81 in the available cases and 0.25 in a random sample of the Kooiker dog breed. Leukocytes of affected, untreated dogs that were homozygous for the deletion overexpress IL21 and IL2 upon stimulation with mitogens. We suggest that elements located 10–49 kb upstream of the IL21/IL2 locus play an important role in the regulation of the canine genes and that deletion of these elements is a risk factor for polymyositis in Kooiker dogs. Postulating causality, the penetrance of the disease phenotype was estimated at 10–20% for homozygous dogs and 0.5–2% for dogs that were heterozygous for the deletion. Our results suggest that distant variants upstream of IL21 could also be important for human autoimmune diseases that have been found to be associated with the IL21/IL2 chromosome region.
A generalised catalytic model to assess changes in risk for multiple reinfections with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lombard Belinda , Cohen Cheryl , von Gottberg Anne , Dushoff Jonathan , Pulliam Juliet R. C. , van Schalkwyk Cari
Published: January 2025

Background

Monitoring trends in multiple infections with SARS-CoV-2, following several pandemic waves, provides insight into the biological characteristics of new variants, but also necessitates methods to understand the risk of multiple reinfections.

Objectives

We generalised a catalytic model designed to detect increases in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, to assess the population-level risk of multiple reinfections.

Methods

The catalytic model assumes the risk of reinfection is proportional to observed infections and uses a Bayesian approach to fit model parameters to the number of nth infections among individuals that occur at least 90 days after a previous infection. Using a posterior draw from the fitted model parameters, a 95% projection interval of daily nth infections is calculated under the assumption of a constant nth infection hazard coefficient. An additional model parameter was incorporated for the increased reinfection risk detected during the Omicron wave. The generalised model’s performance was then assessed using simulation-based validation.

Key findings

No additional increase in the risk of third infection was detected after the increase detected during the Omicron wave. Using simulation-based validation, we show that the model can successfully detect increases in the risk of third infections under different scenarios.

Limitations

Even though the generalised model is intended to detect the risk of nth infections, it is validated specifically for third infections, with its applicability for four or more infections being unconfirmed. Furthermore, the method’s sensitivity to low counts of nth infections, limits application in settings with small epidemics, limited testing coverage or early in an outbreak.

Conclusions

The catalytic model was successfully adapted to detect increases in the risk of nth infections, enhancing our capacity to identify future changes in the risk of nth infections by SARS-CoV-2 or other similar pathogens.
Effects of ketamine and propofol on muscarinic plateau potentials in rat neocortical pyramidal cells
Authors: Fleiner Anne S. , Kolnier Daniel , Hagger-Vaughan Nicholas , Ræder Johan , Storm Johan F.
Published: January 2025

Propofol and ketamine are widely used general anaesthetics, but have different effects on consciousness: propofol gives a deeply unconscious state, with little or no dream reports, whereas vivid dreams are often reported after ketamine anaesthesia. Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, while propofol is a γ-aminobutyric-acid (GABAA) receptor positive allosteric modulator, but these mechanisms do not fully explain how these drugs alter consciousness. Most previous in vitro studies of cellular mechanisms of anaesthetics have used brain slices or neurons in a nearly “comatose” state, because no “arousing” neuromodulators were added. Here we tested mechanisms of anaesthetics in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) slices after bath-applying the cholinergic agonist muscarine to partly mimic an “aroused-like” state, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from layer 2/3 pyramidal cells (L2/3PCs). According to leading theories of access consciousness and working memory, L2/3PCs are particularly important for these cognitive functions. We found that muscarine induced long-lasting depolarising plateau potentials (PPs) and spiking following brief depolarising current injections in the L2/3PCs. After 2 hours of pre-incubation with ketamine or propofol, the muscarine-induced PPs were altered in seemingly different ways: 3 μM propofol reduced the PPs and (significantly) spiking, whereas 20 μM ketamine seemed to enhance PPs and spiking (non-significantly). Brief wash-in of these drug concentrations failed to induce such effects, probably due to insufficient equilibration by diffusion in the slices. In contrast, pre-incubation with a high dose (100 μM) of ketamine suppressed the PPs and spiking. We discuss whether the apparently different effects on PPs may possibly be related to contrasting clinical effects: ketamine causing atypical anaesthesia with vivid, “psychedelic” dreaming while propofol causes less dreaming.
Dynamic interplay of autophagy and membrane repair during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Augenstreich Jacques , Phan Anna T. , Allen Charles N. S. , Poddar Anushka , Chen Hanzhang , Srinivasan Lalitha , Briken Volker
Published: January 2025

Autophagy plays a crucial role in the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, yet the dynamics and regulation of autophagy induction on Mtb-containing vacuoles (MCVs) remain only partially understood. We employed time-lapse confocal microscopy to investigate the recruitment of LC3B (LC3), a key autophagy marker, to MCVs at the single cell level with our newly developed workflow for single cell and single MCV tracking and fluorescence quantification. We show that approximately 70% of MCVs exhibited LC3 recruitment but that was lost in about 40% of those MCVs. The LC3 recruitment to MCVs displayed a high variability in timing that was independent of the size of the MCV or the bacterial burden. Most notably, the LC3-positive MCVs did not acidify, indicating that LC3 recruitment does not necessarily lead to the formation of mature autophagolysosomes. Interferon-gamma pre-treatment did not affect LC3 recruitment frequency or autophagosome acidification but increased the susceptibility of the macrophage to Mtb-induced cell death. LC3 recruitment and lysotracker staining were mutually exclusive events, alternating on some MCVs multiple times thus demonstrating a reversible aspect of the autophagy response. The LC3 recruitment was associated with galectin-3 and oxysterol-binding protein 1 staining, indicating a correlation with membrane damage and repair mechanisms. ATG7 knock-down did not impact membrane repair, suggesting that autophagy is not directly involved in this process but is coregulated by the membrane damage of MCVs. In summary, our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic and variable nature of LC3 recruitment to the MCVs over time during Mtb infection. Our data does not support a role for autophagy in either cell-autonomous defense against Mtb or membrane repair of the MCV in human macrophages. In addition, the combined dynamics of LC3 recruitment and Lysoview staining emerged as promising markers for investigating the damage and repair processes of phagosomal membranes.
Evaluation of One-Class Techniques for Early Estrus Detection on Galician Intensive Dairy Cow Farm Based on Behavioral Data From Activity Collars
Authors: Michelena Álvaro , Jove Esteban , Fontenla-Romero Óscar , Calvo-Rolle José-Luis
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, precision livestock farming has revolutionized the livestock industry by providing it with devices and tools that significantly improve farm management. Among these technologies, smart collars have become a very common device due to their ability to register individual cow behavior in real time. These data provide the opportunity to identify behavioral patterns that can be analyzed to detect relevant conditions, such as estrus.
Against this backdrop, this research work evaluates and compares the effectiveness of six one-class techniques for estrus early detection in dairy cows in intensive farms based on data collected by a commercial smart collar. For this research, the behavior of 10 dairy cows from a cattle farm in Spain was monitored. Feature engineering techniques were applied to the data obtained by the collar, in order to add new variables and enhance the dataset.
Some techniques achieved F1-Score values exceeding 95 % in certain cows. However, considerable variability in the results was observed among different animals, highlighting the need to develop individualized models for each cow. In addition, the results suggest that incorporating a temporal context of the animal’s previous behavior is key to improving model performance. Specifically, it was found that when considering a period of 8 hours prior, the performance of the evaluated techniques was substantially improved.
Cuando el humo se alza. La violencia iconoclasta y anticlerical en Vallecas durante la guerra civil (1936-1939)
Authors: Jiménez Herrera Fernando
Published: January 2025

La violencia anticlerical e iconoclasta ocupó un papel importante en la justicia revolucionaria durante la guerra civil española (1936-39). Los religiosos fueron la primera víctima, en general, y, en algunos casos, la única en las localidades de la retaguardia republicana. Las iglesias fueron incautadas por los diversos comités y micropoderes que tomaron el control efectivo de las calles. Las pusieron al servicio de las necesidades de la localidad, reconvirtiéndolas en espacios comunitarios. En el presenta artículo se analizarán las principales acciones de violencia anticlerical e iconoclasta en el Municipio de Vallecas y el porqué de esta violencia y sus apoyos o detractores. Un aspecto novedoso que ofrece el texto es la posibilidad de contrastar fuentes republicanas y franquistas sobre esta violencia y valorar las diferencias en las investigaciones judiciales.
La iglesia católica y la resistencia a las dictaduras. Los casos alemán (1935-1939) y español (1962-1966)
Authors: Pinilla Palomino Javier
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un estudio comparativo enfocado en la resistencia católica a dos regímenes dictatoriales en dos periodos cronológicos en los que ambas dictaduras estaban plenamente consolidadas en sus respectivos países. Se realizará especial hincapié en exponer las principales características de ambas resistencias; analizar cuáles fueron las acciones desarrolladas para oponerse a las persecuciones gubernamentales; y mostrar las principales similitudes y diferencias entre ambos modelos de resistencia.
Los menores de edad víctimas mortales del terrorismo etnonacionalista. Los casos de ETA y el IRA
Authors: García Varela Pablo
Published: January 2025

El carácter indiscriminado de las acciones terroristas de eta y el ira contra los civiles se cobró la vida de muchos menores de edad, algunos hijos de miembros del ejército y las fuerzas de seguridad del Estado. Atentados difíciles de justificar que cuestionaron la posición moral de ambas organizaciones. La comparación entre los dos grupos terroristas nos dará la posibilidad de estudiar la tipología de estos atentados, así como su discurso político y cómo afrontaron las consecuencias de estas acciones.
An Enhanced K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Algorithm for Predicting Child Malnutrition in The City of Manila
Authors: Daguplo Raizen , Agustin Vivien , Mata Khatalyn
Published: January 2025

Malnutrition among children in third-world countries like the Philippines remains a critical issue addressed by the UN’s Zero Hunger goal. Traditional methods such as K-Nearest Neighbor face limitations in accuracy due to bias. This study aims to enhance K-Nearest Neighbor’s predictive accuracy (KNN) by incorporating Gaussian kernel similarity and normalization techniques to predict malnutrition and BMI categories. Results show that Enhanced KNN consistently outperforms Basic KNN across various K values, achieving an average of 94.33% for bi-class (Malnutrition/Normal) and 92.67% for multi-class (BMI category) compared to Basic KNN's accuracy results: 87.43% for bi-class and 82.51% for multi-class. The Enhanced algorithm performs better across all metrics, averaging an improvement of 8%. Findings revealed that the use of Gaussian kernel enhanced the accuracy of K-Nearest Neighbor because it prioritizes nearer neighbors over distant ones, which reduces the influence of farther points. This enhancement proved that it is effective in malnutrition prediction even without anthropometric measurements, highlighting its potential to address malnutrition in constrained settings.
First report on the phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activities, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of the hydroethanolic extract of the mushroom Dacryopinax spathularia (Schwein.), collected in the southwest region of Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Guilherme Henrique Marques de , Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos Pereira de , Ventura Matheus Vinícius Abadia , Rocha Elizabete Nunes da
Published: January 2025

Dacryopinax spathularia (Schwein) is an edible mushroom rich in specialized metabolism molecules. This study aimed to report the occurrence of this species in a Brazilian Cerrado area, evaluate its hydroethanolic extract, and determine its antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. D. spathularia mushrooms (150 g) were collected, and the hydroethanolic extract was prepared. Phytochemical screening was performed using colorimetric tests. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the reduction of the DPPH free radical, and acetylcholine inhibition was evaluated using Electrophorus electricus type VI enzyme. Twelve groups of phytocompounds were identified. The antioxidant activity, measured by DPPH reduction, showed an IC50 of 10.95 µg mL-1, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition demonstrated a result of 68.37%.
The Recent Collection of Climacodon roseomaculatus (Hydnum roseomaculatum Henn. & E. Nyman) from The Type Locality (Indonesia)
Authors: Putra Ivan Permana , Nurhayat Oktan Dwi
Published: January 2025

Climacodon roseomaculatus is a fleshy species of Polyporales with a hydnoid hymenophore. The species’s distribution in Indonesia was reported six times from 1923 to 1961 from West Java and East Java collection to date, there have been no following updates on the collection and occurrence status of C. roseomaculatus in Indonesia. During a fungus foray in 2023, some red to pink basidiomata of Climacodon were spotted in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The current study aimed to determine the taxonomical position of Climacodon BO24632 based on morphological evidence. Fresh materials were used for the investigation of macro- and micromorphological characters. The result showed that Climacodon BO24632 was identified as C. roseomaculatus based on distinctive features of stipe and gleocystidia. Climacodon roseomaculatus BO24632 is closely related to C. sanguineus with blood-red to pink basidiomata, cylindrical spines of hymenophores, and ellipsoid basidiospores. However, the former species lacks a well-developed stipe and has thin to thick-walled gloeocystidia. This study is the first report on the distribution of C. roseomaculatus from Central Java, Indonesia. In addition, the current work is the latest information and herbarium collection of C. roseomaculatus after more than fifty years of hiatus in Indonesia. We expect that the same species also occur in many different locations in Indonesia; thus need a warrant of collections.
Antibacterial Activity Testing Propionibacterium acnes Combination of 70% Ethanol Extract of Starfruit Leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) and Jarak Pagar Leaves (Jatropha curcas L.)
Authors: Putri Tarisya Anilya Dwi , Yuliana Agnes , Krismayadi Krismayadi
Published: January 2025

Acne is an inflammation accompanied by blockage of oil gland ducts that gather and cause blackheads. The onset of acne can be caused by the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. Flavonoid compounds and tannins contained in star fruit leaves and jatropha leaves can be used as antibacterials. Both extracts from the plant can be combined to achieve antibacterial effects that can be used as an alternative to acne treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of star fruit leaf extract and jatropha leaf and determine the optimal concentration resulting from the antibacterial activity of the extract combination. The method used is experimental and antibacterial tests in vitro. The results of antibacterial tests on the combination of jatropha leaf extract and star fruit leaf extract against P. acnes had the most optimal average inhibitory zone of 9,642 mm with a ratio of 1:2 at a concentration of 10%.
Comparison of Interleukin-1b-511 C/T Polymorphism in Schizophrenia of Batak and Minangkabau Ethnicities in Pematang Siantar
Authors: Wijaya Raysha Awlia , Fachrial Edy , Lister I Nyoman Ehrich , Ariatama Bayu
Published: January 2025

This research is an overview of a comparative study on the Interleukin-1Î²-511 C/T polymorphism in individuals with schizophrenia of Batak and Minangkabau ethnicities in Pematang Siantar, Indonesia. The study aims to investigate genetic differences among these ethnic groups to better understand susceptibility to schizophrenia, which is influenced by multiple factors including genetics. The research uses a comparative categorical analytic approach with a cross-sectional method and involves DNA isolation and polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) examinations. Based on the results,Â  significant demographic differences between the Batak and Minangkabau ethnic groups, particularly in gender distribution, age, onset of illness, duration of illness, and PANSS scores. Notably, it finds a significant difference in the occurrence of the C allele and the T allele between the two ethnic groups, with the C allele being more prevalent in the Minangkabau group and the T allele more so in the Batak group. This suggests that the IL-1Î² -511 C/T polymorphism may play a differential role in the susceptibility to schizophrenia among these ethnicities, indicating a potential for ethnic-specific risk factors or protective elements.
Oldřich Tůma a Tomáš Vilímek (eds.): Opozice a společnost po roce 1948. Česká společnost po roce 1945. [Opposition and Society after 1948. Czech Society after 1945], vol. 6.
Authors: Soukupová Soukupová
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Oldřich Tůma and Tomáš Vilímek.
Journal or Urban Culture Research 1, 2010
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: January 2025

A review of the book.
Druhá půlka pravdy
Authors: Jakoubek Marek
Published: January 2025

This article deals with the religiosity of the Czech Vojvodovo community. The article centres on the recapitulation of the “religious history” of Vovodovan Czechs, starting with the departure of the forefathers of the group from the Czech lands, through the period spent in the Banatian Czech village Svatá Helena, their subsequent arrival in Bulgaria at the end of the nineteenth century, and final their remigration of the community to Czechoslovakia after the Second World War. The last part of the text deals with the existential dimension of Vojvodovan faith. Though fundamental for Vojvodovo Czechs, this dimension has been almost completely omitted by the authors writing on the issue who, instead, preferred the practical aspects of the piety of the community.
Miroslav	Hroch: Národy nejsou dílem náhody. Příčiny a předpoklady utváření moderních evropských národů.
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Miroslav Hroch.
Konference Náboženství v Českých zemích v „dlouhém“ 19. století (1780–1918).
Authors: Wolf Jiří
Published: January 2025

Konference pořádaná Fakultou humanitních studií Univerzity Karlovy a Muzeem města Duchcova jako součást grantového projektu „Intelektuální a lidová zbožnost v českých zemích v 19. století mezi nacionalismem a novou konfesionalizací“ proběhla v prostorách duchcovského evangelického kostela – unikátní architektonické památky z období secese, za jejímž vznikem stojí dva proslulí drážďanští architekti, R. Schilling a J. W. Graebner. Jedinečnost místa, kde se konference konala, si však vyžádala daň v podobě všepronikajícího chladu: vytápění, které do kostela umístili jeho stavebníci a původní uživatelé, po více než půlstoletí české „správy“ dávno neslouží a není, kdo by je opravil. Dost na tom, že město Duchcov spolu s řadou neziskových organizací a dobrovolníky jedinečnou památku vůbec stačilo opravit a – v plném slova smyslu – zachránit před zkázou.
Thomas Turino: Music as Social Life: The Politics of Participation.
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Thomas Turino.
Ingrid Monson: Freedom Sounds. Civil Rights Call out to Jazz and Africa.
Authors: Reyes Adelaida
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Ingrid Monson.
Zánik Západu Oswalda Spenglera
Authors: Putna Martin C.
Published: January 2025

The controversial work of Oswald Spengler Der Untergang des Abendlandes is interpreted not through the analysis of the text, but through its context. One contextualization is “synchronic”. It takes into account the mental atmosphere of the époque of the nascence and the first reception of the work. It is particularly in this “synchronic” context that Spengler’s work appears as objectionable, both politically and academically. Another contextualization is “diachronic”. It takes into account the history of the “genre” of the work, i.e., the history of “books about creativity” and of “books about crisis”. Spengler’s work is recognized as a shackle in a chain of works, such as Macrobius’ Saturnalia, Martianus Capella’s Wedding of Mercury and Philology, Vico’s The Principles of the New Science, Novalis’ The Blue Flower or Danilevsky’s Russia and Europe. As the majority of such works, Spengler’s work appears not to be a “pure” scientific work, but a work on the edge between science and literature. In this kind of works, the aesthetical appeal is inseparable from the rational argumentation. That is why a new way of reading and interpreting Spengler’s work might be opened.
Kňiha pamňetni Tomše Hrůzy, žitele Vojvodofského
Authors: Jakoubek Marek
Published: January 2025

The publication presents a commented transliteration of the notes (“Book of Memorials”) written by Tomeš Hrůza, an inhabitant of Vojvodovo, a Czech village in Bulgaria. The notes cover many aspects of the history and the life of Vojvodovo Czech villagers; the main focus is, however, on the economic situation in the period of 1929-44. The edition is supplemented by informative commentaries and prefaced by a short introduction explaining the background of the manuscript in the context of the history of Vojvodovo and its former Czech inhabitants.
Irena Smetáčková – Petr Pavlík – Kateřina Kolářová: Sexuální obtěžování na vysokých školách, proč vzniká, jak se projevuje, co lze proti němu dělat. Příručka pro vedení vysokých škol a vyučující.
Authors: Horský Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Irena Smetáčková, Petr Pavlík and Kateřina Kolářová.
Performing Race(d) music in Central Europe
Authors: Bidgood Lee
Published: January 2025

The 1993 Česko-Slovenský split was the latest step in the formation of today’s nearly mono-ethnic Czech nation-state, a culturally homogeneous milieu where ethnicity blurs with citizenship, and outsiders are not always welcomed. As a phenotypically “white” scholar engaged in participatory observation of Czech performance of bluegrass music, I feel the power of music to forge identity in this exclusive environment: my “Americanness” both endears me to and distances me from my Czech colleagues and the life of their communities. Bluegrass’s foundations in U.S. minstrelsy, its connections with pro-Anglo rhetoric, and its troubling “whiteness” in sound and effect give me pause as I consider how bluegrass musical practices are reproduced in the Czech Republic. Bluegrassers perform repertory and style that is part of the Afro-American musical tension: enhanced by cultural hybridity, but also complicated by legacies of identity and power. How do Czechs process the American black / white tension when they recreate its sounds within very different demographic and socio-historical conditions? The appearance of the Confederate battle or “rebel” flag and controversial repertory in Czech bluegrass is less important in this discussion than group dynamics and discourse that evoke many of the unmarked categories outlined in current American “whiteness” literature. The “minority” rhetoric voiced by Czechs as a small part of the European conglomerate, and as members of the local bluegrass subculture clash with their de facto majority status within the bounds of the Czech state and within the bluegrass community. By describing some of the groups and events I have observed this year in the Czech Republic, I will give a sense of the “Czechness” that is built into Czech performances of country and bluegrass, and discuss the implications of these intersections of music, identity, and performance.
Conference Report: Summer in the City. Different Aspects of Culture [Lato v mieście. Różne oblicza kultury]
Authors: Novotná Hedvika
Published: January 2025

Another of the series of conferences devoted to urban ethnology/anthropology took place in Polish Krakow in June. It was organized by the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Department of Ethnology; the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences; the Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee on Ethnological Sciences, the Committee for Urban Anthropology and the Polish Society of Urban Ethnology. This time, a seemingly light topic was chosen by the organizers: Summer in the City.
Petr Janeček: Černá sanitka – druhá žeň. Pérák, ukradená ledvina a jiné pověsti.
Authors: Otčenášek Jaroslav
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Petr Janeček.
Patrick Purcell (ed.): Networked Neighbourhoods.
Authors: Sládek Jan
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Patrick Purcell.
Výzva k účasti na konferenci urbánních historiků v Gentu 2010
Authors: Klusáková Luďa
Published: January 2025

Mezinárodní výbor Evropské Asociace pro Urbánní Historii (EAUH) zve všechny badatele zaměřené na urbánní problematiku a hledající inovativní přístupy v urbánní problematice k účasti na své X. mezinárodní konferenci v Gentu, 1. – 4. 10. 2010.
Empirical Evaluation of Theories of Peasantry
Authors: Pospíšil Leopold
Published: January 2025

Like other social sciences, anthropology has theorized about peasantry and its basic concepts in many ways, most of which contradict each other. Shanin viewed them as fitting four major categories. First, the European authors have presented peasantry as an earlier cultural tradition which lags behind modern socio-economic development. For Marx, peasantry meant a class of producers formerly exploited by elite of the pre-capitalist society, which presently represents a leftover from the preceding evolutionary societal stage (1975: 3). Authors of the third category, like Chayanov, regarded peasantry as a special type of mode of production. Finally, DurkHeim and his anthropological followers like Kroeber claimed peasantry to be a structural component of civilization, in Kroeber’s terms, a “part society” (1948: 284).
Žo Langerová: Vtedy v Bratislave - Môj život s Oskarom L. (At that Time in Bratislava: My life with Oskar L.)
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Žo Langerová.
Rosemary Statelova, Angela Rodel, Lozanka Peycheva, Ivanka Vlaeva and Venstislav Dimov (eds.): The Human World and Musical Diversity. Proceedings from the Fourth Meeting of the “Music and Minorities” Study Group in Varna, Bulgaria, 2006.
Authors: Jurková Zuzana
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Rosemary Statelova, Angela Rodel, Lozanka Peycheva, Ivanka Vlaeva and Venstislav Dimov.
Materiály k nejstarším dějinám Vojvodova, české obce v severozápadním Bulharsku
Authors: Jakoubek Marek
Published: January 2025

The subject matter of the text is the history of the only Czech village in Bulgaria – Vojvodovo (Northwest Bulgaria, country of Vratsa). The study presents the results of research in Bulgarian archives (The Archive of the Institute of Folklore of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, The Archive of the Czechoslovakian Club “T.G. Masaryk” in Sofia, The National Archive, archive of the Vojvodovo Municipality and the archive of the Evangelical Methodist Church “Dr. Long”) realized in 2006 and 2007. Included are four documents. 1) Police report about Czechoslovakian minority in Vojvodovo written in 1934; 2) The account- questionnaire of the foundation of Vojvodovo written by the mayor of the village in 1928 – the year of celebration of 1000 years from the death of Simeon I the Great; 3) The outline of the history of Vojvodovo written by the local scholar Bogdan Nikolov, and 4) The interview about the history of Vojvodovo between Bulgarian ethnologist Vladimir Penčev and the head of the last Czech family in Vojvodovo, Josef Kopřiva.
Mezinárodní trestní tribunál pro bývalou Jugoslávii a sociální rekonstrukce na Balkáně
Authors: Muhič Dizdarevič Selma
Published: January 2025

Armed conflicts in the former Yugoslavia (FY) took place between 1990-1995 and partially as late as 1999. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY, Tribunal) has been established by the United Nations Security Council’s (UN) resolution in May of 1993. It means this Court already existed during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BaH). This article discusses the ICTY’s structure, its contribution to jurisprudence of international humanitarian law and social reconstruction and acceptance of the Court by Bosnian legal experts and public in Serbia. Then, the role of the European Union (EU) in the last Balkan wars and establishment of the protectorate in BaH shall be discussed. I use the term “social reconstruction” primarily in the sense of resurgence of foundations of legal state and free movement of people and information (free movement of goods was already to certain extent reinstated). My aim was to show that establishment of the ICTY and its function represents one of the aspects of paternalistic relationships of international community subjects towards south-eastern Europe, but at the same time such paternalistic attitude is currently the most suitable possible attitude towards communities inhabiting FY which took part in the recent armed conflicts.
Kroje, svéráz, secese a Renáta Tyršová
Authors: Štěpánová Irena
Published: January 2025

“The revived movement after Svéráz … in the second year of the war was the first bolder manifestation of the Czech national longing,” Renáta Tyršová describes the exhibition of Svéráz. It was special from several points of view. Beginning of the war had aggravated and intensified perception of political, national and, of course, also social and cultural conditions. It was an uncertain period and full of severe deprivation, but also period of hope. Often, ethnography is perceived, in such tense situations, on a symbolic level. In the Czech context (as well as the European one) there were years of experience with ambitious interpretations of folk culture demonstrations. As if the interest in folk crafts followed social climate and escalated at times of crises or on the contrary euphoria. Both extreme situations resulted in a seemingly similar effect, need to publicly accept the legacy of past generations and manifest one’s own Czech national feeling. One of the favorite, even traditional forms of such demonstrations, was wearing of “national folk costumes”, or rather costumes that could be considered, in urban environment, national folk costumes. To put it differently, they were more less reasonably stylized clothes, inspired by folk costumes. It is natural that public’s attention, since the beginning of the war, returned again to roots and that, at times of generally forced cultural stagnation, the exhibition of costumes rooted in folk tradition, had a predetermined and guaranteed following and success. So much the more that it was an exhibition for women who had to shoulder the weight of unaccustomed responsibility to support the war effort. This event, although limited to Prague and its immediate vicinity, was thus a deed not just professional, artistic and cultural, but also political and to certain extent also emancipating. Its organizers and authors were predominantly women.
Reflexe národa a vlastenectví
Authors: Moravcová Mirjam
Published: January 2025

Miroslav Hroch’s article “Nation as a cultural construct?” has served as an impetus for a reflection about the meaning currently associated, by Czech spokesmen, with the emotional relationship to a national society. Using this posed question, I return to the problem of actual reflection of symbols that have been accepted by modern Czech society in course of national-emancipation, as well as national-political struggles. I revisit the problem of relationship of a contemporary person to symbols that were manipulated by Czech elite during formation of national awareness and that were used in various interactions in course of strengthening the relationship between a person and national society. This reflection is structured considering the nature of data that have been collected by means of a questionnaire originally designed for a different research goal. The goal of this research was to map attitudes of Czech spokesmen regarding two phenomena: a) existence of the nation, and b) national minorities, ethnic and immigration groups in Czech Republic. Through questions targeting opinions about the actual meaning of a nation and patriotism, we have also gathered testimony not only about emotional relationship of Czech spokesmen to the Czech society but also about symbols that evoke this relationship.
Carlo Ginzburg: Benandanti. Čarodějnictví a venkovské kulty v 16. a 17. století.
Authors: Kružíková Jana
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Carlo Ginzburg.
Mezinárodní konference European Learning Network: Enterprise and innovation in deprived urban areas: sharing the European experience
Authors: Dohnalová Marie
Published: January 2025

Evropského projektu (2004–2007) se účastní města z pěti zemí (Amsterdam, Hamburg, Londýn, Miláno, Praha). Cílem je výměna zkušenosti ze sociálního podnikání a informací o formách sociálních podniků. V únoru se konala konference v Itálii (Miláno), kde jednotlivé země seznámily s analýzou situace v sociálním podnikání. Za Prahu a Českou republiku jsem vypracovala expertní analýzu, která byla prezentována.
Pierre Francastel: Malířství a společnost (výtvarný prostor od renesance ke kubismu).
Authors: Vančát Jaroslav
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Pierre Francastel.
Zygmunt Bauman: Globalizace
Authors: Bystřický Jiří
Published: January 2025

A review of the book by Zygmunt Bauman.
Skutečnost a subjekt II.
Authors: Benyovszky Ladislav
Published: January 2025

The reflection is an immediate continuation of the study „Reality and subject." It thoroughly analyses individual structural aspects of Spinoza's concept of reality: substance-mode; freedom-necessity; God-attribute-final thing; the cause itself. On the strength of this it shows a transformation in the concept of an individual thing - its understanding from conatus as an inherent characteristic. It shows that it has thus prepared a way to a unified approach to the man as an acting individual. The paper leads to the reflection that Spinoza was the first to regard the man as a subject.
Já v pólech blízkosti a cizoty
Authors: Češka Jakub
Published: January 2025

Jao Sokol doporučuje četbu klasických románů pro hlubší uchopení toho, co je to osoba: ... klasický román ... dává nahlédnout „dovnitř" úplně jiné ,,cizí osoby (Sokol 2000: 8). Diskuse nad palčivou otázkou: V jakém slova smyslu můžeme mluvit o románových postavách jako osobách? nebyla ještě téměř zahájena. Prvou trajektorii otázek vyznačil Brabec v článku Člověk jako ne-osoba. V hermeneutickém pohybu navazujícího rozhovoru se zaměřím na to, co znamená „dovnitř" cizí osoby, a to zejména na výklad metafory vnitřku, která je akcentována uvozovkami.
Smysl, mysl a smích
Authors: Sidonius  , Sakateka
Published: January 2025

Lustra tredecim iam peracta Falconis sapientiae veritatem per risus et gaudii explosiones quaerendam & revelandam, eamque ita inventam laetorum discipulorum multitudini multos per annos amplius in fortitudine spiritus valetudineque corporis docendam, exponendam, tradendam, praestandamque tamquam symbolum ex eorum laboratorio intellectuali recentem fragmentulum modestum Sidonius et Sakateka reverenter dedicare audiunt.
Dopis Janu Sokolovi
Authors: Palouš Radim
Published: January 2025

Milý Jene, přál jsem Ti k Tvému životnímu jubileu, totiž k Tvým neuvěřitelným pětašedesátinám, již telefonicky a ovlivněn svým nemocničním pobytem jsem Ti sice s omluvou sdělil, že nejsem s to v současného době do sborníku ad Tuum honorem něco stvořit, avšak stále ta možnost ve mně nějak ležela. Hlavou mně totiž letěly vzpomínky na mnohé z obou našich životních příběhů: viděl jsem Tě v Tomanově i v Hošťálkově ulici, viděl a slyšel jsem Tě v bytových seminářích - vždy s nějakým nemálo poutavým sdělením, znovu jsem si v mysli vyvolal těch Tvých (či našich?) společných neuvěřitelných deset-jedenáct let, kdy jsi - přes všechny překážky - dosáhl univerzitních titulů dříve Tobě zcela nepřístupných ... A tak jsem listoval v knihách a poznámkách, až jsem dostal jakýsi nápad, sedl a začal psát. Zasloužil bys vzhledem k tomu, cos toho vytvořil jak jako autor, tak jako překladatel, něco důkladnějšího, než to, co Ti nabízím. Nu což, staniž se, co se riskantně stát má, a tak pouštím se do díla byť jen zlehka připraveného.
Kompaktní město jako ideál
Authors: Hájek Tomáš
Published: January 2025

V roce 1997 přišly Brazílie, Německo, Singapur a JAR s tzv. Světovou iniciativou pro trvale udržitelný rozvoj", která soustřeďuje globální pozornost na environmentálně přijatelný urbánní rozvoj. Iniciativa vyvrcholila v roce 2000 konferencí v Berlíně pod názvem URBAN 21. Citáty ve tzv. berlínské deklaraci bezesporu poukazují na až nečekaný rozsah problému. ,,Poprvé v historii lidstva bude většina ze šesti miliard lidí žít ve městech". ,,Svět čelí prudkému nárůstu obyvatelstva měst, zejména v rozvojových zemích". ,,Chudoba ve městech, dotýkající se obzvláště žen a dětí, narůstá - každý čtvrtý obyvatel měst žije pod hranicí chudoby".
Partycypacja i sprawiedliwość społeczna: kluczowe kategorie w edukacji, dla edukacji, poprzez edukację
Authors: Markowska-Manista Urszula , Baranowski Mariusz
Published: January 2025

Partycypacja i sprawiedliwość społeczna to kluczowe kategorie w edukacji, odgrywające istotną rolę w promowaniu praw człowieka na poziomie lokalnym i globalnym. Kategorie te odnoszą się do różnorodności, równości oraz inkluzji społecznej, będąc fundamentem odpowiedzi na współczesne wyzwania, takie jak zmiany klimatyczne, migracje czy konflikty o podłożu społecznym, politycznym i religijnym. Edukacja pełni tutaj rolę narzędzia transformacyjnego, umożliwiając jednostkom zdobywanie wiedzy i umiejętności potrzebnych do inicjowania zmian społecznych oraz rozwijania odpowiedzialności za wspólnotę globalną. Jednocześnie procesy globalizacji i nierówności strukturalne komplikują wdrażanie tych wartości. Dynamiczne zmiany społeczne, polityczne i kulturowe wymagają od edukacji ciągłej adaptacji i otwartości, jednak często napotykają na opór systemowy oraz anachroniczne podejście do nauczania. Kluczowe znaczenie mają inkluzywne strategie, które uwzględniają różne narracje, grupy społeczne oraz interdyscyplinarne podejścia. W ten sposób edukacja staje się narzędziem sprawiedliwości społecznej, wspierając refleksyjność, współuczestnictwo i krytyczne myślenie w procesie transformacji jednostek i społeczeństw.
New Africa is on arrival! Krytyczne refleksje o relacjach kulturalnych pomiędzy Unią Europejską a krajami Afryki
Authors: Bieniek Karolina
Published: January 2025

W czasie, kiedy w szerokim gronie specjalistów, dyskutowane są możliwości zwrotu zagrabionych w czasach kolonialnych afrykańskich artefaktów, pojawia się pytanie o rolę i znaczenie współczesnych relacji kulturalnych między państwami Unii Europejskiej a Afryką. Esej analizuje aktualne wyzwania przed jakimi stoją nieliczne inicjatywy, których celem jest zbliżenie współczesnych instytucji kultury z obydwu kontynentów. Zwraca uwagę na pilną potrzebę intensyfikacji działań dyplomatycznych w obszarze kultury na najszybciej rozwijającym się kontynencie.