bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muhammed Hâdi Ma‘rife’nin Modern Dönem Şii Tefsir Tarihi Eseri et-Tefsîr ve’l-müfessirûn Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Öztürk Musa
Published: September 2023

Muḥammad Hādī Ma‘rifat (d. 2006) is one of the leading figures of the modern tafsīr literature. His work on the history of tafsīr is a seminal one. In this study, we aimed to introduce his work, al-Tafsīr wa-l-mufassirūn, with its different aspects and to reveal the S̲hīʿa’s perspective of the history of tafsīr, based on Muhammad Hādī. First, we read the aforementioned work and the studies on it. We examined the sources and other books that Muhammad Hādī frequently used. We found that, as noted by himself, Muhammad Hādī wrote his book entitled al-Tafsīr wa-l-mufassirūn to correct the inaccurate information and to overcome the deficiencies in the book entitled al-Tafsīr wa-l-mufassirūn by Muhammad Husayn Dhahabī (d. 1977) about Shīʿa tafsīrs and commentators. Therefore, we examined Muhammad Hādī’s work called al-Tafsīr wa-l-mufassirūn in comparison with Dhahabī’s work with the same title. We discovered that both Maʿrifat and Dhahabī introduced fifty-three prominent figures in the field of tafsīr and thirty-four tafsīr books, while Maʿrifat introduced an extra of one hundred and twelve prominent figures and fifty-two tafsīr books. We concluded that Muhammad Hādī presented many Ahl al-sunnah and Shīʿa tafsīrs from the perspective of Shīʿa, used a rich classification system when introducing the tafsīrs, extensively used the basic resources of Ahl al-sunnah and Shīʿa but failed to pay due attention to the promotion of some tafsīrs. We also found that, although Maʿrifat criticized Dhahabī on some issues, he benefited a lot from him while introducing many tafsīrs and commentators. Moreover, he based his loyalty on Ahl al-bayt and Ali b. Ebī Talib; he acted with sectarian concerns while introducing some tafsīr and commentators and did not act too biased on the issues he addressed. As a result, he produced a valuable research study. We concluded that the Maʿrifat’s work is beneficial for research on Persian and Shīʿa tafsīr studies and is a sourcebook that can pioneer various research studies and theses on the history of tafsīr.
* This study was prepared using my master's thesis entitled Muhammad Husayn Dhahabi and Muhammed Hādī Marifat's Views of the Mufassirs and Tafsīr Books in Their Work Called al-Tafsīr wa-l-mufassirūn, which I completed in 2021 under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Muammer Erbaş.
Türkiye’de Eleştirel Söylem Analizi Çalışmaları: İmkânlar, Esaslar ve Kısıtlılıklar
Authors: BURAK Begüm
Published: September 2023

The main subject of this study is a detailed literature review analysis of critical discourse researches made in the Turkish language. As a unique discipline, critical discourse analysis has played an important research tool role in social sciences. Critical discourse analysis, which emerged in the late 1980s, can be considered a relatively new research method in our country. This discipline has developed around the schools of three different academics. One of the leading figures in this field is Teun A. van Dijk (b. 1943). Van Dijk, the founder of the Socio-cognitive Approach, is one of the important names cited in the analysis of political and media discourses. Another name is Norman Fairclough (b.1941). Fairclough's 3-Dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis method also constitutes an important space in discourse studies. Another significant figure in the field of critical discourse analysis is Ruth Wodak (b. 1950). Wodak, the founder of the Discourse Historical approach, first developed this method to analyze the biased anti-Semitic language and imagery in Waldheim's electoral programs in the Austrian presidential election that was held in 1986. Since then, the methodology developed by Wodak has been useful for discourse analysis of cases with an important historical dimension. This study aims to explain the approaches of the discourse experts mentioned above and to compile critical discourse analysis and corpus analysis studies conducted in political and media texts in Turkish academia. As a result of this study, which was carried out within the scope of the qualitative research method, important insights into the basic features, possibilities, and limitations of critical discourse analysis research in Turkish academia have been obtained. Some of the insights obtained can be summarized as follows: It has been determined that the critical discourse analysis studies available in the Council of Higher Education online database include a total number of 54 master’s and doctoral theses published since 2003. Among these theses, the number of the theses prepared in Turkish is 23. As a result of the Google Scholar search, it has been found that the number of Turkish studies conducted since 2003 is more than 90. The most cited research among these studies is the article “Discourse Analysis” published in 2008. The main limitation of most of the critical discourse analysis studies made in the Turkish language is about the usage of the translations of the works authored by the above-mentioned experts who developed this discipline, and this usage limits the number of resources concerning the method because not every major work has been translated into Turkish. In the light of the findings, the ways to improve the discipline in Turkish academia shows the importance of this study.
Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi
Authors: Akçatepe Rıdvan Enes
Published: September 2023

Undoubtedly, the archives, inscriptions, and unwritten traditions and practices of the ancient states are the main basis for establishing strong ties between their past and present and directing their future and tradition by accepting the past as a reference. Each of the societies and states living on earth has its own traditions, customs, and practices. The transfer of possessions of states or societies to later periods is through written records, pictures, drawings, clothes, architectural works, traditions, and customs practices. For this reason, all countries, especially developed countries, build and restore archives, museums, excavation sites, and libraries in order to introduce their cultures to other cultures or countries. One of the most basic elements that keep nations together and brings them closer to each other is that nation's historical and national consciousness. The thing that shapes this consciousness, keeps it alive, and transmits it from generation to generation is the archives where historical documents and documents belonging to the state are recorded and kept. In addition, archival documents are also documents that reveal the achievements of states in their practices, their conceptions of civilization, and their diplomatic relations in the historical process. Ottoman bureaucracy is immensely sophisticated on account of its structure and layers. The recording tradition of this bureaucracy composes one of the few archives in the world. This includes the documents about the waqf institute. Today, the Records Archive of Waqf is the most important archive that contains the registries and documents related to waqfs. The Archives of the General Directorate of Foundations, with a total of 7268 registries and over 2,000,000 Ottoman documents, are related to the Seljuk, Anatolian Turkish Lordships, and Ottoman periods; It is an archive containing the most important resources for those who will work on religion, education, health, social services, and cultural institutions. In this study, information will be given about the structure and content of the Archives of the General Directorate of Foundations.
Secde Âyetlerinin Kıraatler Bağlamında İncelenmesi
Authors: Ustaosmanoğlu Mehmet
Published: September 2023

In the Qurʾān, there are verses that encourage sajdah to Allāh and condemn those who do not, and that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ordered sajdah to Allāh when recited. The common feature of the sajdah verses; it contains a form of command or condemns those who do not, it informs that all beings sajdah to Allāh. It is important in terms of jurisprudence and practice to know which verses are the verses of sajdah, in which there are differences of opinion among the madhhabs about the number and ruling, in which cases it is necessary to sajdah, and what its ruling is in the relevant madhhab. At this point, it is also important to determine the situation of the sajdah verses in the context of the Qurʾānic recitations. Therefore, this study has been carried out since it is necessary to examine the sajdah verses to determine the qirāʼāt in the relevant context. In terms of the limits of this subject, it has been determined that there has not been a study at the level of a book, thesis, and article before, the current studies deal with the sajdah verses in general and have not yet examined them specifically in the context of qirāʼāt. In this study, Azharī's (d. 370/980) Ma'ān al- qirāʼāt; Ibn Zancalah's (d. 4/10. Century) al-Hujjah fī qirāʼāt; The work of Ibn Khālewayh (d. 370/980) named ʾIʿrāb al- qirāʼāt al-Sabʿ wa ʿilaluhā; Palūwī's (d. 1192/1778) Zubdah al-ʿirfān fī wucūh al-Qurʾān; The main sources of the field, especially Molla Affandi's (d. 1273/1859)ʿUmdah al-khallān fī īḍāḥ zubdah al-ʿirfān were consulted. In this study, first of all, the ruling of the sajdah verses, which are the subject of controversy among the sects, and which verses are accepted as sajdah verses are mentioned, and the texts of the verses are given together with their meanings. In the continuation of the study, the qirāʼah differences of ten qirāʼah imāms and two narrators on the fourteen sajdah verses accepted in the Ḥanafī sect were analyzed by utilizing classical qirāʼah works, and the differences in qirāʼah in thirteen of the fourteen sajdah verses were determined. In the last part of the study, it was tried to determine which of these verses affect the meaning or not, it was seen that the relevant qirāʼāt in two of the fourteen sajdah verses caused a difference in meaning by making use of the literature of the field and these differences were evaluated.
A Socio-Political Success Story Involving Social Democracy: The Case of Sweden
Authors: Ak Gökhan
Published: September 2023

The subject of the research is the ideology of social democracy and its applications in Sweden. As a matter of fact, every social democrat has his own personal answer to the question of what social democracy means. Social democracy is not, and never has been, a party with a fixed set of dogmas upon which every member must swear. It has a tradition of ideas shaped by more than a century of theoretical discussion and practical politics, and its development can be followed in party manifestos. Therefore, the subject of this research that includes Sweden, a Scandinavian state ruled by the Social Democratic Party for decades and the success story of social democracy there, which has transformed into a unique version of the achievements from central/local democratic administration to democratic economic prosperity and thus from long-term and high-level social peace to social justice and sustainable development, seems important as it is worth examining as a unique example that should always be explored. The research aims to examine the social democracy ideology and the success factors of this ideology, which has achieved success in the Scandinavian geography, through the case of Sweden. In this research, which mainly accepts the qualitative research methodology, the deductive approach is adopted, and the research is benefited from scientific research methods such as content and document analysis on 26 scientific documents, discourse analysis on 9 scientific documents, and hermeneutics as well. Within the scope of the literature review of the research, the basic scientific data and discourse sources are written documents, the sources used in the research are mostly recent scientific documents such as books, articles, reports (between 1990-2020), official publications of the Swedish Statistical Institute and the Swedish Social Democratic Party’s official party documents and publications between 1930-2000 are also scanned and examined. As the main results reached in this research are as follows; (a) it will be demonstrated that the Swedish Social Democratic Party has developed as a social movement in the country by and through the working class; (b) analyzes and determinations of the main factors and parameters of the Scandinavian success of the ideology of social democracy in Sweden will be described; (c) compared to other parties and movements in Sweden for decades, findings and determinations will be made as to why Swedish history is also related to the identity and special nature of the country's Social Democracy Party and the workers' movement.
Anahtar Kelimeler: İsveç, Demokrasi, Sosyal Demokrasi, Sosyal Demokrasi Partisi
Türkiye Türkçesinde Bağlılık Kategorisinde Bağımlı Biçimbirimlerin Morfosemantiği Üzerine
Authors: Demir Sabire Ceren
Published: September 2023

In this study, the thesis was defended that nominal derivational morphemes, which are considered incumbent structures, work as meaning complements, and the findings supporting the subject are discussed in the "Loyalty Category". In this respect, the study is important in terms of determining the connections between morphology and semantics, taking into account the semantic properties of nominal derivational morphemes, and creating a holistic perspective. It is also innovative in that it offers morphosemantic classification. In the research, the stratified sampling method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, and words with nominal derivational morphemes that make nouns from nouns were determined as a sample in the "Turkish Dictionary" published by the Turkish Language Institution in 2011. The "Loyalty Category" was created based on the lexemes determined by scanning the Turkish Dictionary and the nominal derivational morphemes corresponding to these words. "Loyalty Category" was created over the nominal derivational morphemes corresponding to the substantives. "Loyalty" means "1. a. The state of being attached, the affiliation 2. a. To show and show closeness to someone with love, respect, loyalty." (TS: 232). When we look at the lexemes determined in the loyalty category, it is seen that the category is wider than the dictionary meaning, and it is observed that the category is formed with some nominal derivational morphemes. However, even if they take the same morpheme, the meaning between the lexemes is different. For example, although the words Turkish, traditionalist, pacifist, hometown, associationist, and pretentious have taken the +CI morpheme, each one is different from the other in terms of the meaning category they refer to. Considering these differences, the "Loyalty Category" is divided into seven sub-categories: Pointing to Devotion to Doctrine, Pointing To Be Dependent, Pointing To Be Pro, Pointing Target, Pointing To Be A Member, Pointing To Be A Representative, Pointing to Suffering. The morphemes that form the loyalty category by being added to the words have been determined as follows:  +CI, +CIl, +dAş, +lI, +lIk. In the research, it has been seen that nominal derivational morphemes that make nouns from nouns form certain meaning categories in the words they are added to. These categories can be grouped under a general title, or it has been determined that they are divided into sub-meaning categories with a more detailed examination. Thus, it is thought that nominal derivational morphemes should be evaluated not as meaningless structures but as structures that establish meaning.
* This study is extracted from the master thesis entitled "Morphosemantic Analysis of Dependent Morphemes Making Nouns in Turkey Turkish" supervised by Prof. Dr. Funda Toprak (Ankara: Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Institute of Social Sciences, Ph.D. Thesis, 2022).
Okullarımızda Türkçe Öğretimi ve Okuma Kültürünün Oluşması
Authors: Demir Celal
Published: September 2023

At the bottom of our reading and conversation tradition, “oral” culture before the acceptance of Islam has great influence. For this reason, even our reading culture has been established on the logic of listening and conversation. Turkish people met with written works only after the Tanzimat (Edith of Reorganization). With the guidance of Tanzimat poets and writers, we see that a serious readership has formed especially in Istanbul since the 1890s. The Second Constitutional Period was when the press and reading culture were at their peak. In one of his writings, Yahya Kemal Beyatlı said that a children’s magazine sold 5,000 copies in Istanbul. The intellectuals who founded and kept the Republic alive were also raised in the productive environment of these years. Our reading habits continued after the establishment of the Republic. After the Alphabet Revolution in 1928, there was a short transition period. However, we see that the first generation of the Republic created a good audience when we look at the number, variety, and circulation of books published with new letters in the 1930s and later. The basis of this development is the importance given by the state to the reading culture, and the 1928 curriculum prepared with this understanding. The aims of this curriculum must have been well understood that a serious reading campaign began throughout the country, and schools, village chambers, and gathering places became reading halls. In order to meet the expectations of the readers in the villages and to gain new readers, the books were delivered to the readers in boxes (book borrowing crates) strapped to the backs of donkeys. After the 1980 coup d'état, our enthusiasm for reading, discussing, and thinking suddenly stopped. Today, we are at a point where we do not desire in terms of the culture of reading and discussion. We need to work quickly to build a society that reads and thinks again. Curriculums should be re-prepared with the spirit of the 1928 curriculum, and expert-certified people should prepare all materials and course tools produced according to this curriculum.
İlahiyat Alanında Yurt Dışında Lisansüstü Eğitim: ABD ve İngiltere Örneği
Authors: Kaya Emrah
Published: September 2023

Ruins of sanctuaries and altars prove that religion was at the center of human life in ancient cities and civilizations. Today, likewise, religion is an element that somewhat determines the route of societies, the politics of the states, and the course of relations among people. Even in some cultures that look very secular, religion is a part of debates in law, education, social policies, and even health services. While even the secularism of France, the homeland of secularism, is a kind of secularism baptized, it is impossible to ignore the significance of religion. Thus, it is entirely appropriate to say that the study of religion is one of the most important and oldest disciplines in the field of social sciences. The main focus of the studies of religion is to research the root, history, content, and borders of religions and their effect on individuals and societies, as well as to share findings with people. In addition, scholars assess the phenomenon of religion in various ways by touching on its different aspects. While determining a religion's content requires a method, determining the effects of the same religion on people requires another kind of method. If the aim is to determine the quiddity of the phenomenon of religion as independent from a specific religion, it requires quite another method. In other words, due to the need to consider religion through various aspects, different methods have appeared in the studies of religion. Today some countries that are pioneers in education consider the varieties of methods in studying religion, as they do in many fields. As a result of this kind of variety, institutions that deal with the study of religion have had different names. When we take the West as a basis, these names are such: Religious Studies, Theology, Divinity Schools, Seminaries, and Biblical Studies/Collages. As for our country, they are İlahiyat Fakültesi, İslamî İlimler Fakültesi, and Dinî Yüksek İhtisas ve Eğitim Merkezi. This kind of classification is expected to base on the different methods in an ideal way. In this way, we may clearly understand the limits and quality of educational services those institutions provide. In this presentation, firstly, there will be some information about the method and content of graduate education in studying religion in the USA and UK. Secondly, we will compare these institutions in the USA and UK with those in our country. This way, this presentation will be helpful to whoever wants to study religion in these countries and whoever wants to know comparatively about the present situation of studying religion in our country.
Tasavvuf Alanı Lisansüstü Araştırmalarına Yönelik Uygulamaya Dönük Bilgiler ve Tecrübe Aktarımı
Authors: Yılmaz Ömer
Published: September 2023

Interest in postgraduate education in the field of Sufism in Turkey is increasing daily. One of the conditions for the successful completion of graduate education is the preparation of the thesis in the area in the presence of an advisor and defending it before the scientific committee. The idea to be supported must be prepared using a particular method and be written according to research-writing ethics. Generally accepted research methods and academic writing styles must be followed to obtain the necessary results from the efforts of graduate students and their advisors to contribute to the relevant scientific fields. This study aims to provide the opportunity to transfer experience and guide as much as possible to young researchers who want to do academic studies in this field by taking the science of Sufism, a sub-discipline of Islamic studies, into the center. While preparing this text, published studies on academic research and writing before 2022 were determined, and those that could be reached were examined and benefited from. In addition, the experience we have gained since we started our graduate education, the knowledge we have gained by observing and listening to our leading teachers in this field, and the written memoirs have also formed this study's source. At the end of the study, a general evaluation was made for those who would do academic research in this field, and some proposals and wishes were also included.
Sosyal Bilimlerde Çeviri Dostu Akademik Yazma: Uygulamaya Dönük Stratejiler
Authors: Bakla Arif
Published: September 2023

The purpose of academic writing is to convey scholarly knowledge and data to the intended audience in a concise and comprehensible way. Sometimes an academic text has to be translated into a foreign language by a translator. In this case, the translator is expected to translate the source text into the target text in plain and understandable language. This study illustrates how the author can help the translator during the process of preparing the source text and discusses the strategies that could be used to achieve this. What makes whether an academic translation is of lower or higher quality is not only the level of knowledge and skills that the translator possesses but also the quality of the source text. That is, the quality of the source text directly affects that of the output. In addition, academic writing has its own rules, and, albeit partially, this may differ from one language to another. In this sense, translators encounter some problems while translating academic texts. The purpose of this study is to illustrate such problems and to discuss the strategies that could be used to eliminate them. Common problems that affect the quality of translation are as follows: forming wordy sentences, using ambiguous expressions, organizing the text in a way that is not suitable for the discourse structure of English, using conjunctions imprecisely, using passive verbs unnecessarily, expressing thoughts indirectly instead of using direct language, using words with the same meaning sequentially and spelling mistakes, among others. This study discusses what the writer and the translator can do to improve an academic text in general. Although experienced translators may take effective actions, a good translation may not be possible out of a poorly written source text. High-quality academic translation requires a collaboration between the author and the translator. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness about this issue.
Kamuda Arşiv Hizmetleri ve TBMM Arşiv Hizmeti Örneği
Authors: Toprak Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Archive services in the public sector are carried out within the framework of the legislation. The Parliamentary Library and Archive Services Presidency was established to provide information and document services that the deputies may need during the legislative process. It also provides information and documentation services to external researchers within the framework of the legislation of the institution it is affiliated with. Archive information services are also carried out within this framework. In the archives of the Assembly, from its first meeting on April 23, 1920, to the present, all the minutes of the Parliament, consisting of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the National Assembly, the Senate of the Republic, the Constituent Assembly, the Assembly of Representatives, the National Unity Committee, the National Security Council and the Consultative Assembly, "keyword, electoral district, The printed original page images can be accessed in pdf format as a result of all inquiries on the basis of elements such as the name of the deputy, the subject, the name of the parliament, the legislative period, the legislative year, the date range. From the System of Access to the Minutes of the Ottoman Period Assembly, there are the Ottoman Assemblies, consisting of the Majlis-i Ayan and the Majlis-i Mebusan, covering the 24th interim period between Thursday, 4th Kanun-awwal, 1324 (December 17, 1908) and April 5, 1336 (1920). Printed original page images of this document can also be accessed in pdf format.
Tarih Geleceğe Ne Söyler?
Authors: Hunkan Ömer Soner
Published: September 2023

History is the past life of human beings that has been recorded in terms of time and space. These experiences represent both a memory and an experience to this extent. Despite the changes in the age and the materials used, the nature of human beings is always the same. With this aspect, it should not be wrong to say that history is the future itself in the light of the past. However, the main problem here is the issue of transferring the past as it happened, that is, correctly. Because, with all the reality of history, due to its nature, it has no language to express itself. At this point, the historian intervenes as a means. The historian, on the other hand, is not only a biological being but also a concrete product of a culture and civilization, and perhaps most importantly, he is a unique personality. For example, does the customer become a historian from a personality? Would you like to listen to what history has to say about the future? I say don't say "no" to these questions right away, remember what you want to hear. attributed to Mevlana; "But I look at a word to see if it's a word, and I look at the person who says it, to see if it's a man." His words give us solid clues in this regard. It should be easy to understand how valuable his universally accepted methodology, which makes history a science, is even when you bring to mind the interdisciplinary definitions of the historian's personal weaknesses in his daily life. In this study, which is briefly discussed, what history tells the future within the scope of history, historian, records, and methodology is discussed.
Sosyal Bilim Disiplini Olarak Sosyoloji Günümüze Ne Söyler?
Authors: Güngör Özcan
Published: September 2023

Although the science of sociology is translated as "sociology", it is essentially a science that has more functional meanings as the science of the "logic of society" and tries to understand, explain and classify the logic of society, and that systematically deals with social events and phenomena. Because this is a science that deals with the logic of the society within the limits of being scientific by including the holistic interactions within itself as well as the originality of its method and subjects. Everyone can find something for themselves in sociology, which leads to the delusion that sociology explains the facts that everyone knows. However, the situation is not that easy. In particular, it is not as easy as it seems to realize the social problems and the interactions of these problems. In this sense, Bauman's definition of sociology as "a continuous interpretation of experience or an interpretation of experience, and this interpretation is sent back to society itself" is meaningful. Because the relationship and meaning that people produce is continuous, and this continuity is also open to change. Seeing this change is possible by seeing the underlying causes of the obvious. Society is not the product of hidden entities and processes. Even if the subject is religion, religion becomes socialized with human interactions, productions, and interpretations. Therefore, analyzing the logic of these interactions of societies requires theories. These theories provide explanatory and systematic perspectives for understanding society. Objectivity and subjectivity of mutual interactions and actions of social actors are issues that add depth to sociology. At the point where the era and science have come, the deep conflicts, tensions, interactions, the pluralization and splitting of truth, the tides of the individual between the virtual and the real, and the pluralization of metaphysical life point to the areas where sociology will have a say in the modern sciences. In this context, the subject of what sociology can say to social sciences will be discussed in the study. The contributions of sociology to social sciences, especially in the context of concepts, theories, and methods, will be discussed in the context of a holistic methodology.
Sosyal Bilim Disiplini Olarak İlahiyat Bugüne Ne Söyler?
Authors: Düzgün Şaban Ali
Published: September 2023

From the beginning onward, Muslim theology criticized blind submission and fideism as a form of belief and required evidentialism as a necessity to ground true knowledge, true belief, and true act. In this processes human mind first classifies such facts as physical and metaphysical; reason and revelation, and such values as right and wrong; good and bad; and beautiful and ugly, and with the ability gained by this classification, he can see the differences, recognize the singularities and separate homogenized realities. This questioning continues until it turns out that the divine manifests itself in nature as law and in the individual as consciousness/soul. So, how can this questioning of truth reveal itself in the social order/public sphere? Every mind who closely follows the history of religion in the West knows what transformations the present view of religion in the Islamic world is destined to undergo. Here is the picture we have: In the last four hundred years, which we define as modern times, religion has fought a war in the West that it has finally lost. At the end of this war, modernity declared a one-sided victory, and based on this, the body against the soul; the physical versus the mental; the cultural versus the biological; the natural versus the social; it also promoted the natural sciences against the social sciences and humanities; tried to trivialize/discredit what they declared as enemies by grouping them under the 'unscientific' group. This war seems to have evolved to a different point from its past history and brought together those who define themselves as religious or secular in a third way, and brought them into a reconciliation. This new situation, underlined by Peter Berger and Jurgen Habermas, involving a demand for pluralism, envisages the following: Both religion and secular laws should either make their concepts functional for the peace and happiness of the society and build the public space together, or they should disappear. Those who know the western experience of how religion is dismissed from public sphere because of its malfunction now are aware of the fact that in order that Muslim world does not have similar tragic experience, Islamic theology should act like a social science and must develop a method of integrating religious terms into cultural ones in order to make them effective in the area.
Türkiye’de İhtisas Kütüphaneciliği ve Veri Tabanları Hizmetleri: İSAM Kütüphanesi Örneği
Authors: Ülker Mustafa Birol
Published: September 2023

Center for Islamic Studies was established in 1988 to contribute to the training of researchers in the field of Islamic Studies, provide them library and documentation opportunities, support research projects, make academic and scholarly publications, including TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, and organize scientific meetings. In addition to the encyclopedia studies of ISAM, there are works published in different series such as General Knowledge, Doctoral Theses, Research-Reviews, Symposiums-Panels, Source Works, Archive, Qadi (Judge in Islamic Countries) Registers, and Periodicals. Having been developed from past to present following the conditions of the age and become an essential library by being appreciated by domestic and foreign academic circles, ISAM Library has also realized many database projects by facilitating everyone's access to information. The main database services are Turkish History, Literature, Culture, and Art History Articles, Theology Articles, Documentation, Ottoman Turkish Articles, Risala Database and Ottoman Salname Annals. Unlike most databases, ISAM databases are prepared according to their subjects. They are organized in such a way that all researchers can easily access them from anywhere without restrictions such as membership or fees. Another important feature of Databases is that they provide access to articles and papers in symposiums, congresses, workshops, and congresses, which are not printed like e-journals but cannot be accessed by academicians. The main subject of our work is the ISAM Library's documentation services, databases, and archive collections. This study aims to make a general introduction of the related services by giving general information about the library services in question.
Delhi Türk Sultanlığı’nın Hint Dillerindeki Kaynakları: Ṭhakkura Pherū ve Eserleri
Authors: Tekin Yasin
Published: September 2023

In this study, the sources of the Delhi Turkish Sultanate written in Indic languages between the 12th and 14th centuries are introduced. Their essential features, historical value, and some problems are summarized in this respect. The Delhi Turkish Sultanate has a vibrant diversity of primary sources. Although most of these sources were written in Persian by Muslim names, there are also significant works written in the prevalent languages (Sanskrit, Prakrit, etc.) in the Indian subcontinent by the non-Muslim subjects of the Sultanate. Accordingly, the scope of the study has been determined as the works written in the Indic languages (Sanskrit, Prakrit, etc.) between the 12th and 14th centuries. Introducing the publications and translations of these sources, which are almost unknown to our academic writings and are not used in history studies except for a few minor references, may gain a different perspective and depth to the studies of Delhi Sultanate and medieval India carried out in Turkey. Therein, it has been determined that the works of Ṭhakkura Pherū (b. ca. 1270 A.D.), a Jain assayer who served in the Sultanate's treasury during the Khaljī dynasty, contain precious information. Pherū is a versatile scholar who has left seven works on miscellaneous subjects. His works, written in the Apabhraṃśa dialect, were unearthed in 1946 and were gradually made obtainable in publications and English translations. Some of his identified works are: Jyotiṣasāra is about astronomy and astrology, Dhūtātpatti is about metallurgy and perfumery, Dravyaparikṣā is about numismatics and exchange of coins, Ganitasāra is about arithmetic, Vastusāra is about architecture and iconography, and Rayaṇaparikkhā is about gemology. Besides these, there are other monographs assessed in the Jain religious literature. It has been determined that Dravyaparikṣā and Rayaṇaparikkhā, which are among the aforementioned works written between 1291 and 1323 A.D., contain tables, lists, and explanations showing the crop/land or coin/alloy ratios, which provide precious data on the economic circumstances of India in the middle ages. The data in these tables, created according to the Indian medieval metric and weight systems, were translated into modern measurement standards through English translations and evaluations and brought to Turkish literature. Moreover, it has been revealed that the interlinear information provided by Pherū holds essential glimpses into the essence of Muslim-non-Muslim relations in the Sultanate. At the end of the study, it is pointed out that detailed expert evaluations of Pherū's works will make significant contributions not only to the studies of the Delhi Turkish Sultanate but also to the medieval science history literature.
David Hume Düşüncesinde Duygu-Düşünce İlişkisinin İnsan Doğasında Temellendirilmesi
Authors: Kılıç Emrullah
Published: September 2023

As it will be remembered, God, the subject of philosophy in the Middle Ages, has left its place to "nature" since the 17th century. This comprehensive theoretical change, which provides the description of reality, has led to the formation of a worldview independent of metaphysical, theological and political references in many fields such as knowledge, morality, human and society. Especially since the main interest of the Scottish Enlightenment was the natural history of man, Hume focused on human nature and tried to produce his thoughts from here as the category of the subject rather than the object. Hume, with his understanding of philosophy, which has an important place in the history of philosophy with his critical attitude, and which connects science and morality to emotions, has also become one of the most important representatives of Enlightenment thought with this foundation. Hume, unlike the rationalists, placed the science of human nature, which is the initiating power of our actions, at the center of all sciences. According to Hume, if human nature is meticulously researched and the right results are obtained from this research, it becomes possible to predict what a person has done in the past, present and even in the future, based on the results in question. According to Hume, even mathematics, natural philosophy and natural religion depend on human science. Because the way of all of these fields is to get to know the person. Hume's views on human nature and history are based on two basic assumptions: First, there is an unchanging, uniform nature in human beings. Second, if a science of human nature is to be established, its foundations and method must be based on experience and observation. In this direction, Hume stated that the aim of his philosophy is to “abandon the distracting and tedious methods followed until now”, “to march directly to the capital city instead of capturing a castle or village on the border”, that is, as determined “to the center of the sciences, to the very nature of human nature that was once superior to all”. According to Hume, instead of the fruitless discussions of previous philosophies, one should focus on the science of human nature and try to fully grasp the scope and power of human understanding. Because “There is no important question whose answer is not within the scope of human science. Also, without knowing this science, there is not a single question we can answer definitively.” Hume's basing the causality of human knowledge on human nature and experience in terms of its source and limits has deeply affected the philosophical, religious and metaphysical teachings that claimed reality/truth after him. Based on his works A Treatise of Human Nature and An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding, this study is based on Hume's understanding of emotion-thought and human nature, which produces ideas in many fields of social sciences. aims to present it within the limits of the human mind.
Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı: Araştırma İmkân ve Esasları
Authors: Sayın Vahap
Published: September 2023

The Institution, which was built formerly under the name of Hazine-i Evrak in 1846 and carried out its mission and services under different names as depicted within the changes in related legislations throughout our history, has been finally renamed as Presidency of The Republic of Turkiye, Directorate of State Archives with Presidential Decree No. 11 in 2018. The Directorate consists of 9 heads of departments and conducts its tasks on 2 different campuses in Ankara and Istanbul. The Presidential Decree No.11, holds, with the exception of the Grand National Assembly of Turkiye and Presidency of the National Intelligence Organization, all the public establishments, organizations and institutions which are subject to the Public Finance Management and Control Law No. 5018, dated 10/12/2003 and its related registrations, the Turkish General Staff and the Service Commands, local administrations (except villages) and its affiliates, all public organizations and establishments registered under the title of corporation, institution, establishment, union, fund, founding, all professional organizations with public institution status, tax-exempt foundations and public benefits associations, responsible for devolution of their archives to Directorate of State Archives. The organizations have presently started devoluting their archival materials to the Directorate of State Archives, who has immediately initiated the proceedings for classification, opened them for research on a digital platform and keeps the procedure in progress. The official website of the Directorate of State Archives provides its services at https://www.devletarsivleri.gov.tr   and in the top menu, under Document System, open 4 main sections, The Republic Archive, The Ottoman Archive, The Turkish Diplomatic Archive, and Ministry of Defense Military History Archive, respectively. These documents are open to public use on a digital platform where the researches are given their passwords in a few minutes and acquire the privilege of browsing millions of documents they need. Our digital archive covers the official correspondence between the Ottoman State Organisations and those between the state and provence, starting with the founding of the Ottoman Empire until the establishment of the Turkish Republic, and documents about the history of 40 different states that existed within the borders of the Ottoman Empire, documents of political and commercial relations between Ottoman state and other countries, legistlative documents of law enforcements, regulations and directories, documents pertaining to historical, legal, legistlative, financial, scientific and cultural aspects of the Turkish State and Turkish society, documents of appointments, promotions, depositions, pensions, establishing counties, changes in administrative governances signed by the Prime Minister and the related ministries, all sorts of written documents from nationals and foreigners to Prime Minister and Prime Ministry offices and documents of people who immigrated to Anatolia at different times and ways.
Beydâvî’nin Envâru’t-tenzîl’inde Kıraatlerin Tefsire Tesiri: Duhâ ve Nâs Sûreleri Arası Örneği
Authors: Demir Muhammed Yusuf
Published: September 2023

The science of tafsīr is a field that has always shed light on the reader's understanding and interpretation of the Qur'ān and illuminated its path. In this chapter, many works on tafsīr have been copyrighted, researches and studies have been done. These works and copyrights have their own unique aspects and distinctive contents. The focus of this study is the work of Qādī Baydāwī (d. 685/1286), which has always been a separate aspect of itself in tafsīrs, which also became famous as Baydāwī Tafsīr named Anwār al-tanzīl wa-asrār al-ta'wīl. This tafsīr, with its concise style, was very popular, was included in the curriculum in madrasas, was even taught by distinguished scholars in the assemblies of the sultans, was listened to and followed with great enthusiasm. However, it is a tafsīr that takes into account the richness that qirāʼah add to the polysemy by making use of different aspects of qirāʼah in understanding and interpreting the Qur'ān. So much so that Qādī Baydāwī benefited a lot from shāz qirāʼāt, even if he did not mention the name of the owner of the qirāʼah, together with the mutawātir qirāʼāt in the tafsīr of the century. In this study, it is discussed how the mufassir analyzes the differences in qirāʼah. While there are studies on the differences in qirāʼah in many other tafsīr, no such study has been found related to Baydāwī Tafsīr. In addition to this, in our study as a method, a verse was given with the Hafs narration of the most widely read and known Imam Aasim qirāʼah, and after the meaning of this verse was presented, it was examined how the commentator analyzed this qirāʼah in another qirāʼah. Although the effect of the differences in qirāʼah in the sūrats between al-Ḍuḥā and al-Nās has been analyzed in our study, a total of ten sūrats have been studied because Qādī Baydāwī only dealt with the differences in qirāʼah in these sūrats. The reason for not contacting other sūrats is not that there are differences in qirāʼah but that these differences are only in reading. In addition, the effect of mutawātir qirāʼāt on the meaning, in other words, on tafsīr, is 1 in 5 compared to the effect of all qirāʼah aspects. Technically, it can be said as follows; 80% of the qirāʼah differences are the differences based on a number of sound changes such as idghām and imāla, which consist of differences in tone. Although Qādī Baydāwī has mentioned the differences in qirāʼah of words arising from accents and dialects, these are additional information and are not included in the scope of this study.
Türk Hanedanları Tolunoğulları ve İhşîdîler Hâkimiyetinde Kudüs ve Mescid-i Aksâ
Authors: Kara Adnan
Published: September 2023

It can be said that the fact that Jerusalem, one of the ancient cities of the world, is a sacred religious center for the three heavenly religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, increases its importance a little more and also causes it to be exposed to many attacks and invasions. It should be noted that this city, which is also important with regard to human history, is handled by Muslim rulers, especially in the context of a potency and power struggle in terms of being the first qibla of Islam and one of the three sanctuaries where one can travel for worship after Mecca and Medina. After two and a half centuries under the rule of Hulafā-i Rāshidīn, Umayyads, and Abbasīds, it was ruled for about sixty years by dynasties based in Cairo, founded by Turkish governors who acted independently. After Ahmad b. Tulun's conquest of Palestine in 264/878, who established the Tulunids dynasty in Egypt during the weakening of the Abbasid power, the administration of Jerusalem and Masjid al-Aqsā, was remained under the administration of the Cairo-based states for about two centuries. Controlling Jerusalem ultimately brought two important things to both dynasties. Not only prepare the ground for the legitimacy of their power, but also it helped them to be accepted by the Abbasid caliphate. Apart from the struggles of political powers or religious authorities about Palestine and Jerusalem, this city also witnessed the power struggle between various Bedouin tribes, especially the Fatimids, the Qarmatians, and the Jarrahis. In this study, which was prepared by the method of literature review by using classical Islamic historical sources, it was aimed to analyze the political-administrative, religious, historical, and cultural developments for about a century during the rule of Tulunids and Ihshidies, which were established by Turkish governors in Jerusalem and Masjid al-Aqsā. Although many studies related to Jerusalem, it has been evaluated that the studies in these two dynasties are insufficient. This research has been prepared to contribute to the current studies in the field.