bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological soil crusts inhibit seed germination in a temperate pine barren ecosystem
Authors: Gilbert Jessica A. , Corbin Jeffrey D.
Published: December 2018

Aims: Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are known to affect plants’ germination and seedling establishment in arid ecosystems, but their ecological role in more mesic climates is not so well-known. We tested the effects of moss-crusted versus uncrusted soils on seed germination dynamics in a temperate pine barren ecosystem.

Methods: We conducted a 35-day laboratory assay of seed germination on moss-crusted soils versus uncrusted soils from the Albany (NY) Pine Bush Preserve. We tested total seed germination and the number of days to 50% of total germination (T50) of two herbaceous perennial forb species in each soil type.

Results: Three and five times more seeds germinated on uncrusted soil than on crusted soil for bush clover (Lespedeza capitata) and wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), respectively. Seeds of both species also germinated approximately 10 days earlier on uncrusted soil than on crusted soil.

Conclusions: This study, and others in similar habitats, show that BSCs in mesic climates can influence germination and other early life-history stages of plants. We hope that further study of the interactions between BSCs and vascular plants in mesic climates will contribute to our understanding of the ecology of BSCs outside the arid and semiarid climates where they are more extensively studied.
Implementing DORA at UiT The Arctic University of Norway
Authors: Ruud Kenneth
Published: December 2018

Watch VIDEO.Opening speech for the 13th Munin Conference on Scholarly Publishing 2018
Modelos potenciales de distribución geográfica y climática del complejo Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae), potencial vector de Rickettsia rickettsii en Colombia
Authors: Acevedo-Gutiérrez Leidy Y. , Paternina Luis E. , Londoño Andrés F. , Parra-Henao Gabriel , Rodas Juan D.
Published: December 2018

Introducción. Especies del complejo A. cajennense, potenciales vectores implicados en la transmisión de Rickettsia rickettsii en Centro y Suramérica, presentan una amplia distribución geográfica en el Neotrópico. En Colombia el conocimiento sobre las especies de este complejo, su distribución y aspectos de su ecología es incipiente.Objetivo. Explorar la ecología del complejo A. cajennense en Colombia a partir del estudio de su selección de hábitat y la generación de modelos potenciales de distribución geográfica y climática.Materiales y métodos. Registros únicos de presencia de estas garrapatas fueron utilizados en el estudio de patrones de selección del hábitat mediante ENFA y se construyeron modelos de distribución potencial con las metodologías MaxEnt y GARP.Resultados. El complejo A. cajennense se encontró en las cinco regiones naturales de Colombia con 64,71% de los registros procedentes de los departamentos de Antioquia, Cundinamarca y Huila. La selección del hábitat muestra que estas garrapatas seleccionan fuertemente las áreas geográficas (ENFA: 96,03%) de acuerdo con condiciones de isotermalidad y precipitación del trimestre más seco del año. Los modelos de distribución potencial indican idoneidad de hábitat en 31-51% del área del país, dependiendo del algoritmo empleado.Conclusiones. El complejo A. cajennense en Colombia presenta una distribución altamente influenciada por comportamiento de selección del hábitat climático; esta característica facilitó la creación de modelos de distribución. Estudios de campo permitirán validar los modelos presentados y otros estudios genéticos son requeridos en el país para la identificación de especies del complejo y el abordaje de potenciales zonas de hibridación de estas especies.
In silico analyses for potential key genes associated with gastric cancer
Authors: Yan Ping , He Yingchun , Xie Kexin , Kong Shan , Zhao Weidong
Published: December 2018

Background

Understanding hub genes involved in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis could lead to effective approaches to diagnose and treat cancer. In this study, we aim to identify the hub genes and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of GC.

Methods

To explore potential therapeutic targets for GC,three expression profiles (GSE54129, GSE33651, GSE81948) of the genes were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GEO2R online tool was applied to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GC and normal gastric samples. Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was applied to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these DEGs was constructed using a STRING online software. The hub genes were identified by the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape software. Then, the prognostic value of these identified genes was verified by gastric cancer database derived from Kaplan-Meier plotter platform.

Results

A total of 85 overlapped upregulated genes and 44 downregulated genes were identified. The majority of the DEGs were enriched in extracellular matrix organization, endodermal cell differentiation, and endoderm formation. Moreover, five KEGG pathways were significantly enriched, including ECM-receptor interaction, amoebiasis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, focal adhesion, protein digestion and absorption. By combining the results of PPI network and CytoHubba, a total of nine hub genes including COL1A1, THBS1, MMP2, CXCL8, FN1, TIMP1, SPARC, COL4A1, and ITGA5 were selected. The Kaplan-Meier plotter database confirmed that overexpression levels of these genes were associated with reduced overall survival, except for THBS1 and CXCL8.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that COL1A1, MMP2, FN1, TIMP1, SPARC, COL4A1, and ITGA5 may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC. Further study is needed to assess the effect of THBS1 and CXCL8 on GC.
Enriched environment improves working memory impairment of mice with traumatic brain injury by enhancing histone acetylation in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Wang Xin , Meng Zhaoxiang , Wang Jibing , Zhou Hongyu , Wu Yi , Wu Junfa
Published: December 2018

Working memory impairment is a common cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which severely affects the quality of life of patients. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which is closely related to cognitive functions. In addition, epigenetic modifications are also related to cognitive functions. A neurorehabilitation strategy, enriched environment (EE) intervention, has been widely used to improve cognitive impairment. However, studies of the mechanism of EE on cholinergic system and epigenetic modifications in mouse with TBI have not been reported yet. In this paper, a mouse model with traumatic frontal lobe injury was established, and the mechanism on EE for the mice with TBI was explored. It was found that EE could improve Y-maze performance of mice with TBI, the function of cholinergic system, and the imbalance of acetylation homeostasis in the prefrontal cortex of contralateral side of TBI. In addition, EE also could increase the level of CREB binding protein and histones H3 acetylation at ChAT gene promoter region in the prefrontal cortex of contralateral side of TBI. These indicate that EE has an important effect on the improvement of working memory impairment and the underlying mechanism may involve in histones H3 acetylation at ChAT gene promoter regions in the prefrontal cortex.
In search of transfer following cued recall practice: The case of process‐based biology concepts
Authors: Pan Steven C. , Hutter Sarah A. , D'Andrea Dominic , Unwalla Daanish , Rickard Timothy C.
Published: December 2018

Previous work has demonstrated that cued recall of a term from a fact yields learning that does not transfer, relative to a restudy control, to recall of another term from the same fact. Here we report six experiments in which a series of manipulations during the initial study and training phases of learning, hypothesized to increase transfer for process‐based biology concepts, were investigated. In Experiments 1 and 2, fill‐in‐the‐blank questions combined with immediate or delayed and repeated correct answer feedback improved learning but not transfer. In Experiments 3 and 4, practice questions that involved recalling process steps, understanding ordinal relationships, or making inferences did not improve transfer. Positive transfer was produced, however, in Experiments 5 and 6 via retrieval–verification–scoring, a new method in which difficult fill‐in‐the‐blank questions were combined with extensive feedback processing. We discuss implications for transfer in both theoretical and applied contexts.
Caron's wish list for ONDCP
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2018

Last month, when James Carroll, deputy director (and acting director) of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), visited Caron Treatment Centers in Wernersville, Pennsylvania (see ADAW, Dec. 3), he left with a list of requests from Caron CEO and President Doug Tieman. Carroll had asked for a list of recommendations to take back to the ONDCP. The list is below.
The Method of Reagent Control Based on Time Series Distribution of Bubble Size in a Gold‐Antimony Flotation Process
Authors: Li Zhongmei , Gui Weihua
Published: December 2018

Due to the distribution of bubble size changes with the reagent dosage in a flotation process, a dosage control method based on time series distribution of bubble size during the gold‐antimony flotation process is proposed. Firstly, since the flotation conditions cannot be described fully by the features of a single froth image, the concept of cumulative distribution function (CDF) is presented for describing the time series distribution of consecutive multi‐frame bubble sizes, and approximated by a third order B‐spline function. After that, a method that combines an radial basis function (RBF) neural network with the genetic algorithm (GA‐RBF) is used to obtain the optimal CDF of the bubble size, then, a projection pursuit method is employed to reduce the multi‐dimensional weights. Finally, a nonlinear prediction model combining reagent dosage and the projection vector is constructed based on partial least square through spline transformation (PLSS). The error between the output and the given CDF can be optimized by a differential evolution algorithm. The industrial experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Predictors of men's psychotherapy preferences
Authors: Cole Brian P. , Petronzi Gregory J. , Singley Daniel B. , Baglieri Michael
Published: December 2018

Aim

The current study examined men's perceptions and preferences for four types of psychotherapy.

Method

Men (N = 315) were recruited by Qualtrics panels to complete a survey that included vignettes describing therapeutic orientations.

Results

Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that gender role socialisation, self‐stigma and attitudes about professional psychological help negatively predicted willingness to engage in psychodynamic, person‐centred, cognitive behavioural and positive psychology positive masculinity therapy. Furthermore, men in the study preferred positive psychology positive masculinity therapy to cognitive behavioural therapy.

Conclusion

Given the role of gender role socialisation, self‐stigma and fear of femininity in the development of barriers to men's help‐seeking, the present study provides support for “man friendly” therapeutic orientations such as the positive psychology positive masculinity model. Implications for clinical practice and future directions for research are discussed.
Miniaturisierte Messzellenversuche als potenzielles Auslegungswerkzeug für Kolonnen mit strukturierten Packungen
Authors: Leuner Hannes , Hapke Mark , Sacher Johannes , Grünewald Marcus , Repke Jens‐Uwe
Published: December 2018

Kolonnen mit strukturierten Packungen finden eine weite Verbreitung in Destillations‐ und Absorptionsprozessen der verfahrenstechnischen Industrie. Für eine potenzielle neue Auslegungsmethode für Packungskolonnen mit strukturierten Packungen auf Basis von miniaturisierten Messzellen werden das Design und die Evaluierung zweier entwickelter Messzellen zur Bestimmung charakteristischer Kenngrößen der Hydrodynamik in Packungskolonnen vorgestellt. Ergebnisse zum Flüssigkeits‐Holdup aus beiden Messzellen werden mit etablierten Berechnungsmodellen und eigenen Validierungsmessungen in einer Technikumskolonne verglichen.
Constant Scalar Curvature Equation and Regularity of Its Weak Solution
Authors: He Weiyong , Zeng Yu
Published: December 2018

In this paper we study the constant scalar curvature equation (CSCK), a nonlinear fourth‐order elliptic equation, and its weak solutions on Kähler manifolds. We first define the notion of a weak solution of CSCK for an L∞ Kähler metric. The main result is to show that such a weak solution (with uniform L∞ bound) is smooth. As an application, this answers in part a conjecture of Chen regarding the regularity of K‐energy minimizers. The new technical ingredient is a W2, 2 regularity result for the Laplacian equation Δgu=f on Kähler manifolds, where the metric has only L∞ coefficients. It is well‐known that such a W2, 2 regularity (W2, p regularity for any p > 1) fails in general (except for dimension 2) for uniform elliptic equations of the form for aij ∊ L∞ without certain smallness assumptions on the local oscillation of aij. We observe that the Kähler condition plays an essential role in obtaining a W2, 2 regularity for elliptic equations with only L∞ elliptic coefficients on compact manifolds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Logic minimization and wide fan‐in issues in DPL‐based cryptocircuits against power analysis attacks
Authors: Tena‐Sánchez Erica , Acosta Antonio J.
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the use of logic minimization techniques and wide fan‐in primitives and how the design and evaluation of combinational blocks for full‐custom dual‐precharge‐logic‐based cryptocircuits affect security, power consumption, and hardware resources. Generalized procedures for obtaining optimized solutions were developed and applied to the gate‐level design of substitution boxes, widely used in block ciphers, using sense‐amplifier–based logic in a 90‐nm technology. The security of several proposals was evaluated with simulation‐based correlation power analysis attacks, using the secret key measurements to disclosure metric. The simulation results showed increased security‐power‐delay figures for our proposals and, surprisingly, indicated that those solutions which minimized area occupation were both the most secure and the most power‐efficient.
Performance evaluation of Wi‐Fi and WiMAX over OFDM physical layer
Authors: Ba Papa Ndiaga , Rodrigues Joel , Korotaev Valery , Al‐Muhtadi Jalal , Ouya Samuel , Maiga Amadou Seidou
Published: December 2018

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an alternative technology that is constrained to keep up with the increasingly high data transmission rate due to its robustness against selective frequency fading and its resistance to intersymbol interference (ISI). This paper aims to study and optimize its performance, namely, its probability of communication failure and signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) metrics. The mathematical tool used to perform OFDM evaluation and analysis is the Fourier transform and its properties. The obtained results of those equations led to the demonstration of the probability of communication outage and to notice that the cutoff time occurs after the 10th iteration for values of λ less than or equal to 1. It could also be checked that this period is small if λ exceeds 1 by considering the sensitivity factor. Moreover, for the obtained results, in terms of bit error rate (BER) and SINR, the influence of the modulation on the error vector magnitude (EVM) shows the sensitivity factor Ω presents a key role in the transmission chain.
Is chronic use of hydroxyurea safe for patients with sickle cell anemia? An account of genotoxicity and mutagenicity
Authors: Maia Filho Pedro Aurio , Pereira Jamilly Florêncio , Almeida Filho Tarcísio Paulo de , Cavalcanti Bruno Coêlho , Sousa Juliana Cordeiro de , Lemes Romélia Pinheiro Gonçalves
Published: December 2018

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary hematological disease that is characterized by a point mutation in the beta globin S gene and has no specific treatment; hydroxyurea (HU) is the only therapeutic agent used in clinical practice. In the present study, we evaluated the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage index (DI) and chromosomal damage in leukocytes of adult patients with SCA with and without HU. The DI was assessed by the comet assay and chromosomal damage by the leukocyte micronucleus test of adult patients treated with HU (SCA‐HU) and without the use of HU (SCA‐NoHU). This is a cross‐sectional study with 77 patients with SCA who attended a referral hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. The control group (CG) consisted of 58 reportedly healthy individuals. The comparisons of means were performed by analysis of variance and Tukey's post‐test. Values of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. SCA‐NoHU patients had statistically higher DI values and a statistically significantly higher frequency of micronuclei compared to the CG. In addition, HU treatment accentuated DNA lesions by significantly increasing both parameters in treated patients (SCA‐HU). HU potentiates DNA damage and the occurrence of chromosomal damage, which may promote genomic instability, mutation occurrence, and carcinogenesis. Studies are needed to evaluate the involved pathways, repair mechanisms, and the clinical impact that such damage can cause. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:302–304, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characteristics of sediment affecting monomethylmercury accumulation in benthic fish of the Mekong Delta
Authors: Choi Hyojung , Jeong Eunji , Nguyen Viet Huu , Hanh Dang Vu Bich , Dan Nguyen Phuoc , Shin Kyung-Hoon , Han Seunghee
Published: December 2018

The Mekong River Delta (Vietnam) is a flat, low-lying area formed by a dense network of main tributaries of the Tien and Hau Rivers, providing a nourishing habitat for aquatic organisms. A sediment survey of the total mercury (Hg), monomethylmercury (MMHg), and geochemical variables was carried out from the coast to 131 km upriver to establish an overview of the environmental factors affecting the bioaccumulation of Hg and MMHg in delta fish. The survey results revealed that the total Hg (12–90 ng g–1) and MMHg (0.014–1.5 ng g–1) concentrations were in the range of uncontaminated sediment. Statistical analysis using various geochemical factors demonstrated that sediment MMHg concentrations and fractions of MMHg over total Hg in sediment were higher at sites with higher total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen sites. The current levels of TOC in Mekong Delta sediment are relatively low (0.2–1.5%); however, expanding dam constructions and aquacultures related to salinity intrusion are reinforcing the carbon burial rate by increasing the fine fractions. Based on the positive relationship found between MMHg and TOC in sediment, proper management efforts are necessary to reduce MMHg production in the Mekong River Delta sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:503–510. © 2018 SETAC
Numerical simulations of a full‐scale cable tray fire using small‐scale test data
Authors: Beji Tarek , Merci Bart
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based modeling strategy for the prediction of cable tray fire development. The methodology is applied to a set of five horizontal trays (each 2.4‐m long and 0.45‐m wide) that are positioned with a 0.3‐m vertical spacing and set up against an insulated wall. Each tray contains 49 power PVC cables. Ignition is performed with an 80‐kW propane burner centrally positioned at 0.2 m below the lowest tray. A collection of four groups of cables per tray (made of one homogeneous material) is considered. These groups are separated by longitudinal slots of air to “mimic” their relatively “loose arrangement.” The thermal properties and surface ignition temperature are estimated from cone calorimetry (CC). When the ignition temperature is reached, the cables burn according to a prescribed heat release rate per unit area (HRRPUA) profile obtained from CC, as is or in a modified shape. A realistic flame pattern is predicted. Furthermore, using only data from CC, the peak HRR is underpredicted, and the time to reach the peak is overpredicted. The proposed “design” for the modified HRRPUA CC‐profile significantly improves the results.
Depth of invasion as a predictor of nodal disease and survival in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tam Samantha , Amit Moran , Zafereo Mark , Bell Diana , Weber Randal S.
Published: December 2018

Background

Depth of invasion (DOI) in oral cavity cancer is important in determining prognosis. This study aims to determine optimal cut‐points of DOI for detection of occult disease and survival.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was completed of previously untreated early stage lateral oral tongue cancer. DOI cut‐points were computed. Multiple logistic regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess predictors of occult nodal disease and overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).

Results

Occult nodal disease was found in 55 (26%) of the 212 patients. DOI of 7.25 mm was most predictive for occult nodal disease and 8 mm for OS and DSS. DOI was an independent predictor of OS and DSS.

Conclusion

The optimal DOI cut‐point for detection of occult nodal metastasis was 7.25 and 8 mm for OS and DSS at 5 years. DOI is an independent predictor of OS and DSS.
Photopolymerization of Ionic Liquids – A Mutually Beneficial Approach for Materials Fabrication
Authors: Guterman Ryan , Smith Christene A.
Published: December 2018

Photopolymerization is a convenient fabrication technique with the power to control the polymerization in both time and space, be solvent free, and use simple equipment to initiate the polymerization reaction. These features are conditional on use of liquid monomers and crosslinkers that do not require solvent for processing. One class of compounds that provides these opportunities are ionic liquid (IL) monomers, which possess negligible vapour pressure and are free‐flowing liquids at room temperature. For these reasons, ILs and photopolymerization are complementary to each other towards the fabrication of electrolyte materials by circumventing the innate difficulty in processing PILs as melts. Instead, the electrolyte polymer is formed as a crosslinked material directly where it will be used. In this review, we outline recent work demonstrating the key benefits of this unlikely marriage, including formulation design, applications in coatings, membranes, and others.
The Closer the Better? The Perils of an Exclusive Focus on Close Reading
Authors: Brewer Meaghan
Published: December 2018

Scholarship in literacy and education has depicted reading as an active, multidimensional, and complex process. However, an often more reductive version of reading, close reading, has been advocated frequently for use in secondary and postsecondary literacy classrooms. The author examines materials created to help teachers implement close reading strategies to demonstrate the New Critical assumptions that undergird some close reading pedagogies. The author ends by recommending genre analysis as a way for educators to broaden students’ conceptions of reading.
Reagent‐free and pH‐independent degradation of N‐nitrosamines using electrons generated via corona discharge at ambient pressure
Authors: Zhuang Meihui , Li Hongbao , Jiang Jun , Huang Guangming
Published: December 2018

Traditional degradation methods for N‐nitrosamines are either confined with acid solution or required for additional chemical reagents to guarantee high reaction efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and effective way for reagent‐free and pH‐independent degradation of N‐nitrosamines, which was induced by free electrons generated via corona discharge at ambient pressure. The highly reactive free electron is produced in situ and responsible for degradation of three N‐nitrosamines, which was also theoretically confirmed. N‐nitrosamines were believed to be reduced by electrons and to form the radical anion, which underwent a selectively heterolytic cleavage of the N–NO bonds to form the corresponding secondary amines as the degradation products.
Effects ofAngelica gigasNakai on the production of decursin‐ and decursinol angelate‐enriched eggs
Authors: Fontamillas Giselle Ann D , Kim Si Won , Kim Hoy‐Ung , Kim Sung‐Jo , Kim Jong Geun , Park Tae Sub , Park Byung‐Chul
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

The livestock industry requires high‐quality products, as well as improved productivity. There have been many studies regarding the utilization of feed additives aiming to increase productivity, enhance immune functions and prevent infectious diseases in livestock. Biofunctional feed additives would be beneficial not only for animal health, but also for consumers. In the present study, we utilized root and byproduct (stem and leaf) powders ofAngelica gigasNakai (AGN, Korean Danggui) as feed additives and examined the deposition of biofunctional compounds, such as decursin and decursinol angelate, into egg white and yolk.

RESULTS

We optimized the detection system for decursin and decursinol angelate, and determined the amounts of decursin and decursinol angelate derived from AGN byproducts (stem and leaf) as well as root. In Experiment 1, laying hens were fed with the dried AGN root powder and the effective compounds were detected in egg white and yolk. Subsequently, in Experiment 2, we examined AGN byproducts as an alternative feeding supplement. Additionally, biochemical parameters were analyzed to evaluate changes in the health of the hens by feeding AGN root powder. The results obtained indicated that decursin and decursinol angelate were stably transferred into egg white and yolk by feeding AGN byproducts as well as root. Intriguingly, plasma cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in a dose‐dependent manner, and those of interleukin‐1β, as an immune‐related biomarker, were considerably increased in the treated hens.

CONCLUSION

These results indicated that AGN root and byproducts (stem and leaf) could be utilized for the production of value‐added eggs and improving the health of hens in the poultry industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Projected Long‐Chain n‐3 Fatty Acid Intake Post‐Replacement of Vegetables Oils with Stearidonic Acid‐Modified Varieties: Results from a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2008 Analysis
Authors: Bowen Kate J. , Richter Chesney K. , Skulas‐Ray Ann C. , Mozaffarian Dariush , Kris‐Etherton Penny M.
Published: December 2018

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake is well below the amount recommended by the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (0.25 g/day), supporting the need for alternative dietary sources. Stearidonic acid (SDA)‐enriched soybeans were bioengineered to endogenously synthesize SDA, which can be readily metabolized to EPA in humans; thus, incorporating the derived SDA‐enriched soybean oil into the food supply is a potential strategy to increase EPA. We performed a dietary modeling exercise using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2008 repeat 24‐h dietary recall data (n = 24,621) to estimate the potential contribution of SDA‐enriched oils to total long‐chain n‐3 fatty acid intake (defined as EPA + DHA + EPA‐equivalents) following two hypothetical scenarios: (1) replacement of regular soybean oil with SDA soybean oil and (2) replacement of four common vegetable oils (corn, canola, cottonseed, and soybean) with respective SDA‐modified varieties. Estimated median daily intakes increased from 0.11 to 0.16 g/day post‐replacement of regular soybean oil with SDA‐modified soybean oil, and to 0.21 g/day post‐replacement of four oils with SDA‐modified oil; the corresponding mean intakes were 0.17, 0.27, and 0.44 g/day, respectively. The percent of the population who met the 0.25 g/day recommendation increased from at least 10% to at least 30% and 40% in scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. Additional strategies are needed to ensure the majority of the US population achieve EPA and DHA recommendations, and should be assessed using methods designed to estimate the distribution of usual intake of these episodically consumed nutrients.
Biogeography of zooplankton feeding strategy
Authors: Prowe A. E. Friederike , Visser André W. , Andersen Ken H. , Chiba Sanae , Kiørboe Thomas
Published: December 2018

The trait‐based approach is increasingly used in plankton ecology to understand diversity, community dynamics, and biogeography. While on the global scale phytoplankton traits are fairly well established, zooplankton traits are only beginning to be understood. One taxa‐transcending aspect of zooplankton diversity is the distinction between ambush and active feeding strategies. We present a global‐scale empirical estimate of feeding strategy derived from copepod abundance observations, which for the first time suggests a distinct trait biogeography with ambush feeding as the dominant feeding strategy at higher, but not at lower latitudes. To explain this trait biogeography, we develop a minimalist trade‐off based model of feeding strategies based on encounter rates between zooplankton predators and their phyto‐ and zooplankton prey. Encounter rates are governed by the two traits, size and motility, that trade off against predation risk. Coupled to a three‐dimensional dynamic green ocean model, our idealized encounter model captures the observed feeding strategy biogeography. In the model, this pattern arises from competing dominant food chains within the food web and is shaped by a trophic trait cascade of active vs. passive feeding in adjacent trophic levels. The dominant feeding strategy structures the pathways and efficiency of energy and biomass transfer through the model food web, with consequences for primary production, export and higher trophic levels. Understanding feeding strategies is therefore important for fisheries, biogeochemical cycling, and long‐term predictions of ecosystem dynamics and functioning by global dynamic green ocean models.
Coupled long‐term limnological data and sedimentary records reveal new control on water quality in a eutrophic lake
Authors: Walsh Jake R. , Corman Jessica R. , Munoz Samuel E.
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Human impacts on freshwater ecosystems are pervasive, but the short and discontinuous nature of most datasets limits our ability to understand the controls on water quality and effectively manage freshwater resources. We examine change in Lake Mendota (Madison, Wisconsin) over the last two centuries by pairing analyses of a sedimentary archive with the site's > 100 yr limnological record. We show that eutrophication of the lake, evident as an abrupt shift in sediment composition, began in the late 19th century following the intensification of urban and agricultural land use in the watershed. Efforts to address deterioration of lake water quality, including the removal of point‐source pollutants and biomanipulation, have had a measurable influence on sediment composition and water clarity. Since the early 1980s, quasi‐seasonal cycles of phytoplankton blooms have induced calcite precipitation, leaving distinct laminations in the sedimentary record. These “whiting events” evidently did not accumulate in lake sediments until the late 20th century, indicating that efforts to remediate water quality have shifted the lake to a new ecosystem state. Calcite whitings can improve water quality in eutrophic lakes by coprecipitation with phosphate, increasing phosphorus (P) burial in lake sediments. Using long‐term limnological records, we report negative correlations between calcite saturation indices and P in lake surface waters and show that calcite whitings could partially explain recent P decline in Lake Mendota surface waters. Our study reveals a previously uncharacterized potential control on water quality in this eutrophic lake and demonstrates the benefit of coupling long‐term limnological data with sedimentary records.
Fractional Kirchhoff problem with critical indefinite nonlinearity
Authors: do Ó João Marcos , He Xiaoming , Mishra Pawan Kumar
Published: December 2018

We study the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for a family of fractional Kirchhoff equations with critical nonlinearity of the form
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201800044:mana201800044-math-0001where is a smooth bounded domain, and . Here M is the Kirchhoff coefficient and is the fractional critical Sobolev exponent. The parameter λ is positive and the is a real valued continuous function which is allowed to change sign. By using a variational approach based on the idea of Nehari manifold technique, we combine effects of a sublinear and a superlinear term to prove our main results.
Synthesis of Negative‐Charged Metal‐Containing Cyclomatrix Polyphosphazene Microspheres Based on Polyoxometalates and Application in Charge‐Selective Dye Adsorption
Authors: Zhang Junping , Miao Zhiliang , Yan Jing , Zhang Xue , Li Xuezhuang , Zhang Qiuyu , Yan Yi
Published: December 2018

A negative‐charged, metal‐containing cyclomatrix polyphosphazene microsphere (MCPM) is synthesized using the strategy of precipitation polymerization of di‐functionalized polyoxometalates (POMs) and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. The chemical structure of these MCPMs is well characterized by 13C MAS NMR and 31P MAS NMR, as well as FT‐IR, electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The covalent grafting of the rigid POMs clusters into the framework of these microspheres prevents the collapsing of the pores, making these MCPMs porous materials. Taking advantage of the porous structure and the negative charges in the frameworks, these materials show interesting charge‐selective adsorption properties, as demonstrated by the selective adsorption of positive‐charged dyes in comparison with negative‐charged dyes.
Design of wide‐band dual‐polarized antennas with plate for improving gain characteristics
Authors: Choi Hwan‐Gi , Choi Hak‐Keun
Published: December 2018

In this article, a wideband dual‐polarized antenna that can be used in the 1.7‐3.7 GHz band is proposed. The proposed antenna is a dual‐polarized antenna with a plate having a parasitic elements and it improves the gain characteristics in wide‐band. In general, an antenna with a reflection plate is difficult to have a constant gain characteristic in the wide‐band, because the electrical distance between the radiation elements and the reflection plate is variable for the bandwidth. In this article, a parasitic element is assigned to the front side of the radiation element to improve the gain of the band in which the characteristic is degraded. The proposed antenna has the VSWR < 2:1 in the band of 1540‐3795 MHz (84.5% of center frequency) and has a gain of 7.92 dBi or more at the measured frequency.
The mechanics of urethral closure, incontinence, and midurethral sling repair Part 3 surgical applications (1990‐2016)
Authors: Petros Peter , Abendstein Burghard
Published: December 2018

Part 3 briefly summarizes further development in midurethral sling (MUS) instruments and technique following the 1990 prototype operations, then critically examines the whole MUS surgical methodology, 1990 to present day. The aim is to identify positive and negative aspects of these methodologies which can be usefully applied to improve current MUS surgery.

Animal Experiments

1987‐1988 proved that a collagenous neoligament could be formed by implantation of a tape. There was a wide variation in tissue reaction to implanted tapes. Inflamamatory tissue reaction was very different from bacterial infection and was safe even when a sinus is formed.

MUS Methodology

The key factor in avoiding major vessel and nerve injuries is to penetrate the perianal membrane with scissors, insert the applicator. Importantly, this reveals any bleeding which could otherwise accumulate in the Space of Retzius and only be controlled by digital pressure. The balance between too tight (retention) and too loose (incontinence) is analyzed in terms of the exponential relationship between urethral diameter and urine flow; why elastic tapes are more likely to cause post‐operative urinary retention; how to minimize retention by tightening against an indwelling No18 Foley catheter; the importance of routinely repairing the distal closure mechanism with purse string suture to external ligaments, fascial layer of vagina; why minislings avoid most of the serious MUS complication; why a tensioned minisling allows greater precision when tightening the sling and how anchors and individually knitted tapes give hope that tape erosions may decrease.
In situ photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid‐based surgical glue with tunable mechanical properties and high adhesive strength
Authors: Chandrasekharan Ajeesh , Seong Keum‐Yong , Yim Sang‐Gu , Kim Sodam , Seo Sungbaek , Yoon Jinhwan , Yang Seung Yun
Published: December 2018

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring linear polysaccharide, has been widely used as a key biomaterial in a range of cosmetic and therapeutic applications. Its excellent biocompatibility and bio‐functions related to tissue regeneration encourage the development of HA‐based hydrogels to expand its applications. This study details an in situ forming surgical glue based on photocrosslinkable HA, providing tunable mechanical properties and firm tissue adhesion under wet and dynamic conditions. Depending on the degree of photocrosslinkable methacrylate groups in HA polymer chains, the mechanical properties of hyaluronate methacrylate (HAMA) hydrogels prepared by UV photocrosslinking was improved. Ex vivo adhesion tests revealed that HAMA hydrogels exhibited 3‐fold higher shear adhesive strength compared to gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels and achieved firm adherence to the porcine skin tissue for several weeks. The high adhesive strength of HAMA hydrogels, under dry and wet conditions, suggests that it may have great promise as a tissue adhesive. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 522–530
Differential expression of genes in greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) treated by imidacloprid and RNA interference
Authors: Zhang Bai‐Zhong , Ma Kang‐Sheng , Liu Jun‐Jie , Lu Liu‐Yang , Chen Xi‐Ling , Zhang Shou‐Ping , Gao Xi‐Wu
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Insecticides act as toxins, inhibitors of digestion and deterrents, and affect the expression of many genes in insects. To assess key genes associated with the detoxification or regulation of imidacloprid in greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), the transcriptome and digital gene expression (DGE) profile were analyzed using Illumina sequencing.

RESULTS

In total, 48 763 494 clean reads were obtained by sequencing. Expression profile analysis showed that 2782 unigenes were differently expressed between the imidacloprid treatment and control groups. After exposure to imidacloprid, the expression levels of 1846 unigenes were upregulated and 936 were downregulated in comparison with controls. Expression patterns of the top 20 highly expressed genes show that they could be involved in the detoxification of imidacloprid. Silencing of multidrug resistance‐associated gene (MRA), GATA‐binding gene (GAT) and takeout‐like precursor gene (TLP) resulted in increasing susceptibility to imidacloprid.

CONCLUSIONS

The differentially expressed genes in S. graminum have potential regulatory or detoxification roles in response to imidacloprid. These results should be useful in understanding the molecular mechanisms of greenbug adaption to imidacloprid. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro nematicidal activity of natural and semisynthetic cadinenes from Heterotheca inuloides against the plant‐parasitic nematode Nacobbus aberrans (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Chávez José Luis , Franco‐Navarro Francisco , Delgado Guillermo
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

Nacobbus aberrans (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) is one of the main plant‐parasitic nematodes species that affects crops in Mexico, generating substantial economic losses. Traditionally, the control of the nematodes is carried out using chemical products; however, research efforts are presently focused on the search for new methods for the control of this pest. Natural products derived from plants are an alternative for the control of populations of plant‐parasitic nematodes. The genus Heterotheca (Asteraceae) is characterized by containing sesquiterpenes with cadinane skeleton, and some species of this genus exert nematicidal activity.

RESULTS

We determined the effects of selected Heterotheca inuloides plant metabolites and some semisynthetic derivatives on the hatching of eggs isolated from the gelatinous matrix and infective second‐stage juveniles (J2) of the false root‐knot nematode N. aberrans using an in vitro experimental model. Among the evaluated compounds, nematodes were more susceptible to hydroxylated and quinone compounds, whereas the remaining compounds showed moderate or no activity. The presence of the hydroxyl group is essential for nematicidal potential, with changes at the hydroxyl group modifying the nematicidal activity.

CONCLUSION

Flowers of Heterotheca inuloides contain bioactive compounds that showed nematicidal activity against N. aberrans. Here we report the nematicidal activities of cadinenes isolated from the flowers of H. inuloides and their semisynthetic derivatives against the false root‐knot nematode N. aberrans. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Elastic Properties of Fullerites and Diamond‐Like Phases
Authors: Rysaeva Leysan Kh. , Baimova Julia A. , Lisovenko Dmitry S. , Gorodtsov Valentin A. , Dmitriev Sergey V.
Published: December 2018

Diamond‐like structures, that includesp2andsp3hybridized carbon atoms, are of considerable interest nowadays. In the present work, various carbon auxetic structures are studied by the combination of molecular dynamics (MD) and analytical approach. Two fullerites based on the fullerene C60and fullerene‐like molecule C48are investigated as well as diamond‐like structures based on other fullerene‐like molecules (called fulleranes), carbon nanotubes (called tubulanes) and graphene sheets. MD is used to find the equilibrium states of the structures and calculate compliance and stiffness coefficients for stable configurations. Analytical methods are used to calculate the engineering elastic coefficients (Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus and bulk modulus), and to study their transformation under rotation of the coordinate system. All the considered structures are partial auxetics with the negative value of Poisson's ratio for properly chosen tensile directions. It is shown that some of these structures, in a particular tension direction, have a very high Young's modulus, that is, 1852 GPa for tubulane TA6.
Did Chairs Talk?
Authors: Souda Preriit , Zamarian Chiara Davanzo
Published: December 2018

Image mining and text analytics for strategic planning
Five steps to better behaviour change thinking
Authors: Anand Audrey
Published: December 2018

Putting behavioural economic theory into practice
So Suze, tell us your story!
Authors: Arn Sven
Published: December 2018

How fusing different narratives helped to rejuvenate an over 100 years old aperitif brand.
A quantitative evaluation of inorganic boundary films formed in engine oils by TOF‐SIMS depth profiling with low energy Cs sputtering
Authors: Murase Atsushi , Kato Yuichi , Sudo Eiichi
Published: December 2018

Quantitative evaluation of lubrication boundary films was investigated by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling with low energy Cs sputtering. Relative sensitivity correction coefficient (RSC) for calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, or calcium sulfate was determined by measuring the pellets of the mixture of these compounds. The RSCs for the three calcium salts varied with measurement conditions such as sputter energy and primary ion species. By using the RSC determined in this investigation, the depth profiles of the boundary films formed in real engine oil were corrected to quantitative profiles. The difference of structures between two lubrication boundary films on the different substrate materials formed in the same engine oil was clarified.
Removal Efficacy of Opportunistic Pathogens and Bacterial Community Dynamics in Two Drinking Water Treatment Trains
Authors: Wang Hong , Xu Jiajiong , Tang Wei , Li Huan , Xia Siqing , Zhao Jianfu , Zhang Weixian , Yang Yang
Published: December 2018

Drinking water treatment processes (DWTPs) impact pathogen colonization and microbial communities in finished water; however, their efficacies against opportunistic pathogens are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of treatment steps on the removal of Legionella spp., Legionella pneumophila, nontuberculous mycobacteria, Mycobacterium avium, and two amoeba hosts (Vermamoeba vermiformis, Acanthamoeba) are evaluated in two parallel trains of DWTPs equipped with different pretreatment units. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrates significantly reduced numbers of total bacteria, Legionella, and mycobacteria during ozonation, followed by a rebound in granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration, whereas sand filtration exerts an overarching effect in removing microorganisms in both treatment trains. V. vermiformis is more prevalent in biofilm (34%) than water samples (7.7%), while Acanthamoeba is not found in the two trains of DWTPs. Illumina sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes reveals significant community shifts at different treatment steps, as well as distinct bacterial community structures in water and biofilm samples in parallel units (e.g., ozonation, GAC, sand filtration) between the two trains (analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), p < 0.05), implying the potential influence of different pretreatment steps in shaping the downstream microbiome. Overall, the results provide insights to mitigation of opportunistic pathogens and engineer approaches for managing bacterial communities in DWTPs.
Weitgespannt, gestapelt und hybrid – das Tragwerk des OYM
Authors: Furrer Reto , Kunze Matthias
Published: December 2018

Im Norden von Cham (CH) entsteht bis 2020 das Kompetenzzentrum für Spitzenathletik und Forschung OYM. Das achtgeschossige Gebäude mit einem rechteckigen Grundriss von 100 m × 50 m und einer Höhe von 24 m über Terrain wird vielfältige eishockeyspezifische und disziplinenübergreifende Sport‐Infrastrukturen beherbergen. Der Herausforderung, den breiten Nutzungsmix in dem kompakten Baukörper zu vereinen, begegnete die Tragwerksplanung mit einer Kombination verschiedener Tragsysteme in den einzelnen Gebäudeteilen. Aus wirtschaftlichen und terminlichen Randbedingungen resultierte ein hoher Anteil an Vorfabrikation. Für die weitgespannten Tragwerke der „gestapelten” Eis‐, Athletik‐ und Dreifachsporthalle kommen Stahlrahmentragwerke mit Verbundecken zum Einsatz. Den Kopfbau kennzeichnet ein Skelettbau mit Elementdecken, Verbundträgern und Betonstützen, während die Tiefgarage sowie die aussteifenden Kerne und das Haupttreppenhaus als Stahlbetonkonstruktionen ausgeführt wurden. Diverse Sonderlösungen wie ein Stahlfachwerk als lokale Abfangkonstruktion des Unterkunftstrakts, der Einsatz von Slim‐Floor‐Trägern über dem Eingangsbereich und Zugstangen zur Aufhängung des Running Tracks ergänzen das komplexe Tragwerk. Die Brandsicherheit der Stahlbauteile wird mittels Kammerbeton, Brandschutzbekleidungen und ‐beschichtungen gewährleistet.