bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regenerative Medicine for the Cornea
Authors: Oie Yoshinori , Nishida Kohji
Published: December 2013

Regenerative medicine for the cornea provides a novel treatment strategy for patients with corneal diseases instead of conventional keratoplasty. Limbal transplantation has been performed in patients with a limbal stem cell deficiency. This procedure requires long-term immunosuppression that involves high risks of serious eye and systemic complications, including infection, glaucoma, and liver dysfunction. To solve these problems, ocular surface reconstruction using cultured limbal or oral mucosal epithelial stem cells has been successfully applied to patients. However, cell sheets must be fabricated in a cell processing center (CPC) under good manufacturing practice conditions for clinical use, and the expenses of maintaining a CPC are too high for all hospitals to cover. Therefore, several hospitals should share one CPC to standardize and spread the application of regenerative therapy using tissue-engineered oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets. Consequently, we developed a cell transportation technique for clinical trial to bridge hospitals. This paper reviews the current status of regenerative medicine for the cornea.
Behavioral Responses of the SnailLymnaea acuminatatowards Photo and Chemo Attractants: A New Step in Control Program of Fasciolosis
Authors: Tripathi Anupam Pati , Singh V. K. , Singh D. K.
Published: December 2013

Fasciolosis is water and food borne disease, caused byFasciola hepaticaandF. gigantica. SnailLymnaea acuminatais an intermediate host of these flukes. Snail control is one of the major methods to reduce the incidences of fasciolosis. Trapping of snails with the help of photo- and chemoattractants for treatment purposes will be a new tool in control program of fasciolosis. The present study shows that maximum numbers of snails were attracted (52 to 60%), when exposed to photo- and chemostimulant simultaneously, rather than when only chemo- (control) (18 to 24%) or photo- (control) (14 to 19%) stimulus was given. Maximum change in AChE activity in nervous tissue was observed when red monochromatic light was used (258.37% of white light control) as opposed to blue (243.44% of white light control) and orange (230.37% of white light control). The exposure of light directly stimulated the photoreceptors in eye which transmit the signals through nerves to the brain and snail response accordingly. In this signal transmission AChE is one of the important enzymes involved in this process.
Global Dynamics of the Hastings-Powell System
Authors: Coria Luis N.
Published: December 2013

This paper studies the problem of bounding a domain that contains all compact invariant sets of the Hastings-Powell system. The results were obtained using the first-order extremum conditions and the iterative theorem to a biologically meaningful model. As a result, we calculate the bounds given by a tetrahedron with excisions, described by several inequalities of the state variables and system parameters. Therefore, a region is identified where all the system dynamics are located, that is, its compact invariant sets: equilibrium points, periodic-homoclinic-heteroclinic orbits, and chaotic attractors. It was also possible to formulate a nonexistence condition of the compact invariant sets. Additionally, numerical simulations provide examples of the calculated boundaries for the chaotic attractors or periodic orbits. The results provide insights regarding the global dynamics of the system.
Damage Detection of Bridge Structure Based on SVM
Authors: Bao Yaojin , Song Chenjin , Wang Wensi , Ye Ting , Wang Lu , Yu Lan
Published: December 2013

For bridge management and maintenance, it is important to detect the damage of bridge pier. Due to the complexity of damage detection, an effective method is very interesting. Support vector machine (SVM) is used to detect the damage of bridge pier in this paper. To improve the detection accuracy of SVM, Grubbs’ test method is adopted to delete the outliers for SVM. Then, a numerical analysis is used to determine the input parameters for SVM. Lastly, the comparison results between the proposed SVM and the actual measure value suggested that the proposed SVM is a powerful tool for detecting damage of bridge pier.
Cesium Salt of Sodium 30-Tungstopentaphosphate: An Effective and Green Polyoxometalate for Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles along with Decoration of Titanium Dioxide with Gold Nanoparticles for Bleaching of Malachite Green
Authors: Farrash Bamoharram Fatemeh , Moghadam Jafari Afsaneh , Ayati Ali , Tanhaei Bahareh , Sillanpää Mika
Published: December 2013

For the first time, capability of the cesium salt of sodium 30-tungstopentaphosphate, the so-called Preyssler’s anion (CsP5), as a green and eco-friendly polyoxometalate was investigated in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and decoration of titanium dioxide with gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized by TEM, XRD, UV, and FTIR. TEM images showed that the gold nanoparticles have tubular and spherical shapes and particle size ranges from 10 to 25 nm. For gold-decorated titanium dioxide/Preyssler, a comparison between pure and amine-modified titanium dioxide showed higher loading of gold nanoparticles on amine-functionalized titanium dioxide. The performance of CsP5was compared with its pure acid (HP5). Our findings showed that CsP5, as a catalytic linker to bind onto titanium dioxide surface for reducing gold nanoparticles, renders decoration better than HP5in both pure and modified titanium dioxide. In addition, efficiency of the photocatalytic bleaching of malachite green by the synthesized nanocomposites was found to be excellent.
EE-MAC: Energy Efficient Hybrid MAC for WSN
Authors: Priya B. , Manohar S. Solai
Published: December 2013

A novel low power medium access protocol energy efficient MAC (EE-MAC) for wireless sensor network is proposed in this paper. EE-MAC targets for improving energy efficiency, delay performance and packet delivery ratio by considering various load conditions of the network. This protocol is based on the hybrid of TDMA and FDMA approaches. The novel idea behind EE-MAC is that it uses the priority concept with hybrid MAC scheduling in order to achieve its objectives. The performance of EE-MAC is obtained through simulations for various packet sizes, traffic loads, and different scenarios which show significant improvements in packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency, and delay compared to existing protocols.
Optimal Filtering Methods to Structural Damage Estimation under Ground Excitation
Authors: Hsieh Chien-Shu , Liaw Der-Cherng , Lin Tzu-Hsuan
Published: December 2013

This paper considers the problem of shear building damage estimation
subject to earthquake ground excitation using the Kalman filtering
approach. The structural damage is assumed to take the form of
reduced elemental stiffness. Two damage estimation algorithms are
proposed: one is the multiple model approach via the optimal
two‐stage Kalman estimator (OTSKE), and the other is the robust
two‐stage Kalman filter (RTSKF), an unbiased minimum‐variance
filtering approach to determine the locations and extents of the
damage stiffness. A numerical example of a six‐storey shear plane
frame structure subject to base excitation is used to illustrate the
usefulness of the proposed results.
Early Delivery of Misfolded PrP from ER to Lysosomes by Autophagy
Authors: Cortes Constanza J. , Qin Kefeng , Norstrom Eric M. , Green William N. , Bindokas Vytautas P. , Mastrianni James A.
Published: December 2013

Prion diseases are linked to the accumulation of a misfolded isoform (PrPSc) of prion protein (PrP). Evidence suggests that lysosomes are degradation endpoints and sites of the accumulation of PrPSc. We questioned whether lysosomes participate in the early quality control of newly generated misfolded PrP. We found PrP carrying the disease-associated T182A mutation (Mut-PrP) was delivered to lysosomes in a Golgi-independent manner. Time-lapse live cell imaging revealed early formation and uptake of GFP-tagged Mut-PrP aggregates into LysoTracker labeled vesicles. Compared with Wt-PrP, Mut-PrP expression was associated with an elevation in several markers of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, and it extensively colocalized with the autophagosome-specific marker, LC3B. In autophagy deficient (ATG5−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, or in normal cells treated with the autophagy-inhibitor 3-MA, Mut-PrP colocalization with lysosomes was reduced to a similar extent. Additionally, 3-MA selectively impaired the degradation of insoluble Mut-PrP, resulting in an increase in protease-resistant PrP, whereas the induction of autophagy by rapamycin reduced it. These findings suggest that autophagy might function as a quality control mechanism to limit the accumulation of misfolded PrP that normally leads to the generation of PrPSc.
The Pattern of Respiratory Disease Morbidity and Mortality in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Umoh Victor Aniedi , Otu Akaninyene , Okpa Henry , Effa Emmanuel
Published: December 2013

Background. Respiratory complaints are commonly encountered in medicine and respiratory diseases place a high burden on healthcare infrastructure. Healthcare planning should be based on adequate information: this study will help us to analyze the pattern of respiratory disease admissions in the medical wards in a developing country.Methods. The medical records of patients admitted into the medical wards over a 5-year period were retrieved and reviewed. Information obtained included demography, diagnosis, comorbid conditions, and risk factors for respiratory disease.Results. Three thousand four hundred and ninety patients were admitted into the medical wards with 325 (9.3%) of them diagnosed with a respiratory condition. There were 121 females and 204 males. The average age of the patients was 40.7 ± 14.7 years. Only 7% of the patients smoked cigarette. The commonest respiratory conditions were tuberculosis (66.8%) and pneumonia (24.9%). The commonest comorbidity was HIV infection (39.7%). Tuberculosis/HIV coinfection rate was 50.7%. HIV infection was the single most important predictor of an adverse outcome (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.05–12.7,P<0.001).Conclusion. Infective conditions make up a large percentage of respiratory diseases in low income countries with HIV infection constituting a significant risk factor for a poor disease outcome.
Melinjo (Gnetum gnemonL.) Seed Extract Decreases Serum Uric Acid Levels in Nonobese Japanese Males: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Konno Hiroyuki , Kanai Yoshiaki , Katagiri Mikiyuki , Watanabe Tami , Mori Akemi , Ikuta Tomoki , Tani Hiroko , Fukushima Shinobu , Tatefuji Tomoki , Shirasawa Takuji
Published: December 2013

Melinjo (Gnetum gnemonL.) seed extract (MSE) containingtrans-resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) and other derivatives exerts various beneficial effects. However, its mechanism of action in humans remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate beneficial effects of MSE in healthy adult males. In this double-blind, randomized controlled study, 30 males aged 35–70 years with ≤10% flow-mediated dilatation received placebo or 750 mg MSE powder for 8 weeks, and twenty-nine males (45.1±8.8years old) completed the trial. There was a significant difference in the melinjo and placebo groups. Compared with the placebo control, MSE significantly reduced serum uric acid at 4 weeks and 8 weeks (n=14and 15, resp.). HDL cholesterol was significantly increased in the melinjo group. To clarify the mechanism of MSE for reducing uric acid, we investigated xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor binding inhibition rate, and agonistic activities for PPARαand PPARγ. MSE,trans-resveratrol, and a resveratrol dimer, gnetin C (GC), significantly inhibit AT1 receptor binding and exhibit mild agonistic activities for PPARαand PPARγ. In conclusion, MSE may decrease serum uric acid regardless of insulin resistance and may improve lipid metabolism by increasing HDL cholesterol.
Thermodynamics Prediction of Wax Precipitation in Black Oil Using Regular Solution Model and Plus Fraction Characterization
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Kunyi , Duan Jimiao , Wang Pengyu , Gong Jing
Published: December 2013

The precipitation of wax/solid paraffin during production, transportation, and processing of crude oil is a serious problem. It is essential to have a reliable model to predict the wax appearance temperature and the amount of solid precipitated at different conditions. This paper presents a work to predict the solid precipitation based on solid-liquid equilibrium with regular solution-molecular thermodynamic theory and characterization of the crude oil plus fraction. Due to the differences of solubility characteristics between solid and liquid phase, the solubility parameters of liquid and solid phase are calculated by a modified model. The heat capacity change between solid and liquid phase is considered and estimated in the thermodynamic model. An activity coefficient based thermodynamic method combined with two characteristic methods to calculate wax precipitation in crude oil, especially heavy oil, has been tested with experimental data. The results show that the wax appearance temperature and the amount of weight precipitated can be predicted well with the experimental data.
Persistence and Progression of Masked Hypertension: A 5-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Trudel Xavier , Milot Alain , Brisson Chantal
Published: December 2013

Objectives. To examine masked hypertension persistence over 5 years.Methods. White-collar workers were recruited from three public organizations. Blood pressure (BP) was measured using Spacelabs 90207. Manually operated BP was defined as the mean of the first three readings taken at rest. Ambulatory BP was defined as the mean of the next readings taken every 15 minutes and recorded during working hours. BP was assessed three times over 5 years. Masked hypertension was defined as manually operated BP less than 140 and less than 90 mmHg and ambulatory BP at least 135 or at least 85 mmHg. Sustained hypertension was defined as manually operated BP at least 140 or at least 90 mmHg and ambulatory BP at least 135 or at least 85 mmHg or being treated for hypertension.Results. BP measurements were obtained from 1669 participants from whom 232 had masked hypertension at baseline. Persistence of masked hypertension was 38% and 18.5%, after 3 and 5 years, respectively. Progression to sustained hypertension was 26% and 37%, after 3 and 5 years, respectively.Conclusion. Among baseline masked hypertensives, one-third progressed to sustained hypertension and about one out of five remained masked after 5 years, potentially delaying diagnosis and treatment.
PVP-Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles in Silica as Effective Catalysts for Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Ruas Caroline Pires , Fischer Daiane Kessler , Gelesky Marcos Alexandre
Published: December 2013

Palladium nanoparticles stabilized by poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) can be synthesized by corresponding Pd(acac)2(acac = acetylacetonate) as precursor in methanol at 80°C for 2 h followed by reduction with NaBH4and immobilized onto SiO2prepared by sol-gel process under acidic conditions (HF or HCl). The PVP/Pd molar ratio is set to 6. The effect of the sol-gel catalyst on the silica morphology and texture and on Pd(0) content was investigated. The catalysts prepared (ca.2% Pd(0)/SiO2/HF andca.0,3% Pd(0)/SiO2/HCl) were characterized by TEM, FAAS, and SEM-EDS. Palladium nanoparticles supported in silica with a size 6.6 ± 1.4 nm were obtained. The catalytic activity was tested in hydrogenation of alkenes.
Developing Common Set of Weights with Considering Nondiscretionary Inputs and Using Ideal Point Method
Authors: Kiani Mavi Reza , Kazemi Sajad , M. Jahangiri Jay
Published: December 2013

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to evaluate the performance of decision making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs in a homogeneous group. In this way, the acquired relative efficiency score for each decision making unit lies between zero and one where a number of them may have an equal efficiency score of one. DEA successfully divides them into two categories of efficient DMUs and inefficient DMUs. A ranking for inefficient DMUs is given but DEA does not provide further information about the efficient DMUs. One of the popular methods for evaluating and ranking DMUs is the common set of weights (CSW) method. We generate a CSW model with considering nondiscretionary inputs that are beyond the control of DMUs and using ideal point method. The main idea of this approach is to minimize the distance between the evaluated decision making unit and the ideal decision making unit (ideal point). Using an empirical example we put our proposed model to test by applying it to the data of some 20 bank branches and rank their efficient units.
Successful Use of Higher-Dose Etanercept for Multirefractory Systemic Flare of Adult-Onset Still’s Disease with Liver Failure with No Response to Tocilizumab Therapy
Authors: Naniwa Taio , Tamechika Shinya , Iwagaitsu Shiho , Maeda Shinji , Togawa Hiroyuki
Published: December 2013

A 21-year-old woman with refractory systemic flare of adult-onset Still’s disease with liver failure despite high-dose corticosteroids, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and tocilizumab, was successfully treated with additional use of etanercept. Etanercept at a dose of 50 mg weekly was partially effective but could not reduce the dose of concomitant betamethasone from 5 mg/day. Etanercept at a dose of 75 mg weekly could lead her to clinical remission and enabled successful tapering off the corticosteroids and discontinuation of etanercept. Normalization of serum C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 and persistent elevation of serum tumor necrosis factorαunder the treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants suggest that tumor necrosis factorαwas more deeply involved than at least interleukin 6 in the pathogenesis of refractoriness of the disease in this patient, and these findings might be indicative of potential efficacy for adjunctive use of a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor rather than an interleukin 6 inhibitor.
Malignant Phyllodes Tumor and Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Sharing a Common Clonal Origin
Authors: Fløisand Yngvar , Beiske Klaus , Tjønnfjord Geir Erland , Heldal Dag , Bjerkehagen Bodil , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth , Heim Sverre , Bruland Øyvind Sverre , Hall Kirsten Sundby , Tierens Anne , Delabie Jan
Published: December 2013

There is a well-known association in male patients between mediastinal germ cell tumors (GCT) and hematologic malignancies, with a propensity towards acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. These rare malignancies have been shown to share a common clonal origin, often deduced from the finding of isochromosome 12p, i(12p), in cells from both the solid tumor and the leukemia, and thus are now known to represent different manifestations of the same clonal process. We treated a young female patient with a malignant phyllodes tumor followed by an acute megakaryoblastic leukemia and found several of the same marker chromosomes by karyotype analysis of cells from both the tumor and the leukemia implying a common clonal origin of the two. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been demonstrated in phyllodes tumors before, but indicates that the same type of leukemization may occur of this tumor as has been described in mediastinal GCT.
CD247 Modulates Blood Pressure by Altering T-Lymphocyte Infiltration in the Kidney
Authors: Rudemiller Nathan , Lund Hayley , Jacob Howard J. , Geurts Aron M. , Mattson David L.
Published: December 2013

The CD3 ζ chain (
CD247
), a gene involved in T-cell signaling, has been shown to associate with blood pressure in human genetic studies. To test the functional role of
CD247
in hypertension and renal disease, zinc-finger nucleases targeting
CD247
were injected into Dahl salt-sensitive (SS/JrHsdMcwi) embryos. The resulting 11-bp frameshift deletion in exon 1 of
CD247
led to a predicted premature stop codon. Western blotting confirmed the absence of CD247 protein in the thymus, and flow cytometry (n=5–9 per group) demonstrated that the mutant rats (
CD247
–/–
) have a >99% reduction in circulating CD3
+
T cells compared with littermate controls (
CD247
+/+
). Studies were performed on age-matched, littermate male,
CD247
+/+
and
CD247
–/–
rats fed a 4.0% NaCl diet for 3 weeks. The infiltration of CD3
+
T cells into the kidney after high salt was significantly blunted in
CD247
–/–
(1.4±0.4×10
5
cells per kidney) when compared with that in the
CD247
+/+
(8.7±2.0×10
5
cells per kidney). Accompanying the reduced infiltration of T cells, mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lower in
CD247
–/–
than in
CD247
+/+
(134±1 versus 151±2 mm Hg). As an index of kidney disease, urinary albumin and protein excretion rates were significantly reduced in
CD247
–/–
(17±1 and 62±2 mg/d, respectively) when compared with that in
CD247
+/+
(49±3 and 121±5 mg/d, respectively). Glomerular and renal tubular damage were also attenuated in the
CD247
–/–
. These studies demonstrate that functional T cells are required for the full development of Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension and indicate that the association between
CD247
and hypertension in humans may be related to altered immune cell function.
The Dynamics of Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Control Processes in the Human Brain
Authors: Appelbaum L. Gregory , Boehler C. Nicolas , Davis Lauren A. , Won Robert J. , Woldorff Marty G.
Published: December 2013

In this study, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of EEG to examine the neural mechanisms underlying the flexible regulation of cognitive control that unfolds over different timescales. We measured behavioral and neural effects of color–word incongruency, as different groups of participants performed three different versions of color–word Stroop tasks in which the relative timing of the color and word features varied from trial to trial. For this purpose, we used a standard Stroop color identification task with equal congruent-to-incongruent proportions (50%/50%), along with two versions of the “Reverse Stroop” word identification tasks, for which we manipulated the incongruency proportion (50%/50% and 80%/20%). Two canonical ERP markers of neural processing of stimulus incongruency, the frontocentral negative polarity incongruency wave (NINC) and the late positive component (LPC), were evoked across the various conditions. Results indicated that color–word incongruency interacted with the relative feature timing, producing greater neural and behavioral effects when the task-irrelevant stimulus preceded the target, but still significant effects when it followed. Additionally, both behavioral and neural incongruency effects were reduced by nearly half in the word identification task (Reverse Stroop 50/50) relative to the color identification task (Stroop 50/50), with these effects essentially fully recovering when incongruent trials appeared only infrequently (Reverse Stroop 80/20). Across the conditions, NINC amplitudes closely paralleled RTs, indicating this component is sensitive to the overall level of stimulus conflict. In contrast, LPC amplitudes were largest with infrequent incongruent trials, suggesting a possible readjustment role when proactive control is reduced. These findings thus unveil distinct control mechanisms that unfold over time in response to conflicting stimulus input under different contexts.
Rule Activity Related to Spatial and Numerical Magnitudes: Comparison of Prefrontal, Premotor, and Cingulate Motor Cortices
Authors: Eiselt Anne-Kathrin , Nieder Andreas
Published: December 2013

In everyday situations, quantitative rules, such as “greater than/less than,” need to be applied to a multitude of magnitude comparisons, be they sensory, spatial, temporal, or numerical. We have previously shown that rules applied to different magnitudes are encoded in the lateral PFC. To investigate if and how other frontal lobe areas also contribute to the encoding of quantitative rules applied to multiple magnitudes, we trained monkeys to switch between “greater than/less than” rules applied to either line lengths (spatial magnitudes) or dot numerosities (discrete numerical magnitudes). We recorded single-cell activity from the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) and cingulate motor cortex (CMA) and compared it with PFC activity. We found the largest proportion of quantitative rule-selective cells in PFC (24% of randomly selected cells), whereas neurons in dPMC and CMA rarely encoded the rule (6% of the cells). In addition, rule selectivity of individual cells was highest in PFC neurons compared with dPMC and CMA neurons. Rule-selective neurons that simultaneously represented the “greater than/less than” rules applied to line lengths and numerosities (“rule generalists”) were exclusively present in PFC. In dPMC and CMA, however, neurons primarily encoded rules applied to only one of the two magnitude types (“rule specialists”). Our data suggest a special involvement of PFC in representing quantitative rules at an abstract level, both in terms of the proportion of neurons engaged and the coding capacities.
What Role Does the Anterior Temporal Lobe Play in Sentence-level Processing? Neural Correlates of Syntactic Processing in Semantic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Wilson Stephen M. , DeMarco Andrew T. , Henry Maya L. , Gesierich Benno , Babiak Miranda , Mandelli Maria Luisa , Miller Bruce L. , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa
Published: December 2013

Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have implicated the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in sentence-level processing, with syntactic structure-building and/or combinatorial semantic processing suggested as possible roles. A potential challenge to the view that the ATL is involved in syntactic aspects of sentence processing comes from the clinical syndrome of semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (semantic PPA; also known as semantic dementia). In semantic PPA, bilateral neurodegeneration of the ATLs is associated with profound lexical semantic deficits, yet syntax is strikingly spared. The goal of this study was to investigate the neural correlates of syntactic processing in semantic PPA to determine which regions normally involved in syntactic processing are damaged in semantic PPA and whether spared syntactic processing depends on preserved functionality of intact regions, preserved functionality of atrophic regions, or compensatory functional reorganization. We scanned 20 individuals with semantic PPA and 24 age-matched controls using structural MRI and fMRI. Participants performed a sentence comprehension task that emphasized syntactic processing and minimized lexical semantic demands. We found that, in controls, left inferior frontal and left posterior temporal regions were modulated by syntactic processing, whereas anterior temporal regions were not significantly modulated. In the semantic PPA group, atrophy was most severe in the ATLs but extended to the posterior temporal regions involved in syntactic processing. Functional activity for syntactic processing was broadly similar in patients and controls; in particular, whole-brain analyses revealed no significant differences between patients and controls in the regions modulated by syntactic processing. The atrophic left ATL did show abnormal functionality in semantic PPA patients; however, this took the unexpected form of a failure to deactivate. Taken together, our findings indicate that spared syntactic processing in semantic PPA depends on preserved functionality of structurally intact left frontal regions and moderately atrophic left posterior temporal regions, but no functional reorganization was apparent as a consequence of anterior temporal atrophy and dysfunction. These results suggest that the role of the ATL in sentence processing is less likely to relate to syntactic structure-building and more likely to relate to higher-level processes such as combinatorial semantic processing.
Six new species, complementary descriptions and new records from the Neotropical Region of the spider genus Dipoena (Araneae: Theridiidae)
Authors: RODRIGUES EVERTON NEI LOPES
Published: December 2013

The theridiid genus Dipoena Thorell, 1869 is distributed worldwide. Dipoena are recognized by male with carapace often high, cylindrical, with grooves or depression on dorsum; carapace of female rarely modified, sometimes high. In this paper six new species of Dipoena are described from Brazil, one from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul: Dipoena bonitensis new species, three from São Paulo: Dipoena cidae new species, Dipoena ericae new species and Dipoena santaritadopassaquatrensis new species and two from Paraná: Dipoena guaraquecaba new species and Dipoena fozdoiguacuensis new species, all based on males and females. The males of Dipoena pusilla (Keyserling, 1886); D. peruensis Levi, 1963; D. olivenca Levi, 1963 and D. esra Levi, 1963 and the female of Dipoena niteroi Levi, 1963 are here described and illustrated for the first time. New records from Brazil include Dipoena augara Levi, 1963; D. bryantae Chickering, 1943; D. duodecimpunctata Chickering, 1943; D. isthmia Chickering, 1943; D. kuyuwini Levi, 1963; D. mendoza Levi, 1967; D. puertoricensis Levi, 1963; D. tiro Levi, 1963 and D. trinidensis Levi, 1963; and new records from Bolivia include Dipoena atlantica Chickering, 1943, D. cornuta Chickering, 1943 and D. kuyuwini. New distribution records within Brazil are presented for Dipoena cordiformis Keyserling, 1886; D. hortoni Chickering, 1943; D. ira Levi, 1963; D. militaris Chickering, 1943; D. obscura Keyserling, 1891; D. pumicata (Keyserling, 1886); D. santacatarinae Levi, 1963; D. tingo Levi, 1963 and D. variabilis (Keyserling, 1886).
A taxonomic revision of South African Sharphydrus, with the description of two new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Bidessini)
Authors: BILTON DAVID T.
Published: December 2013

Sharphydrus Omer-Cooper, 1958 is one of two endemic bidessine genera currently recognised from South Africa. Here Sharphydrus brincki sp. nov. and Sharphydrus kamiesbergensis sp. nov. are described from the Cederberg and Gydopas areas of the Western Cape, and the high Kamiesberg of the Northern Cape respectively, doubling the known species of this genus. It is shown that S. brincki sp. nov. has been included under S. capensis (Omer-Cooper, 1955) in the past, but that these are quite distinct taxa, differing in the extent of their elytral keels and male genitalia. Sharphydrus species are inhabitants of pools in seasonally fluctuating rivers, the new species described here occurring in areas which are somewhat transitional between fynbos and karoo biomes. An updated key is presented to Sharphydrus species, together with data on the distribution and ecology of known species, and a discussion of the status of the genus within the Bidessini.
A Model-Based Decomposition of the Sea Ice–Atmosphere Feedback over the Barents Sea during Winter
Authors: Liptak Jessica , Strong Courtenay
Published: December 2013

The feedback between Barents Sea ice and the winter atmosphere was studied in a modeling framework by decomposing it into two sequential boundary forcing experiments. The Community Ice Code (CICE) model was initialized with anomalously high sea ice concentration (SIC) over the Barents Sea and forced with an atmosphere produced by positive SIC anomalies, and CICE was initialized with low Barents Sea SIC and forced with an atmosphere produced by negative SIC anomalies. Corresponding control runs were produced by exposing the same SIC initial conditions to climatological atmospheres, and the monthly mean sea ice response showed a positive feedback over the Barents Sea for both experiments: the atmosphere produced by positive SIC anomalies increased SIC over the Barents Sea during the winter, and the atmosphere produced by negative SIC anomalies decreased SIC. These positive feedbacks were driven primarily by thermodynamic forcing from surface longwave flux anomalies and were weakened somewhat by atmospheric temperature advection. Dynamical effects also opposed the positive feedback, with enhanced surface wind stress divergence over the Barents Sea in the high-SIC case and enhanced convergence in the low-SIC case.
Limits of Human Development in Weak States
Authors: Leichtová Magdaléna , Piknerová Linda , Ponížilová Martina
Published: December 2013

The article presents a critical evaluation of the concepts of human development and weak statehood and outlines the relationship between them. It is argued that weak statehood has a very significant impact on the success of development strategies even if they stem from human development goals. For example, weak statehood has a direct effect on the provision or non-provision of public goods by the state. Therefore, connecting these concepts provides a perspective for analyzing various issues linked to implementation of development strategies. In conclusion, the article presents the concept of ‘functional networking’ as a tool for development in the anarchic environment of weak statehood. Functional networking is based on placing unmistakable emphasis on the development of individuals (daily livelihood of families), acceptance of Amartya Sen’s condition of the freedom of individuals in terms of decision and opportunity, and the involvement of civil society.
Smart Development
Authors: Al-Filali Isam Yahia , Gallarotti Giulio M.
Published: December 2013

Nations that have sought to overcome the resource curse and other barriers to economic growth have pursued, for some time, greater development through a number of strategies: from import substitution in the 1950s to current strategies based on micro-finance and human-capabilities approaches. Needless to say, the international community is still searching for the elusive Holy Grail of an optimal development strategy. One strategy that has attracted greater attention and a growing number of adherents is that of promoting the transition to a knowledge economy. This paper is about one such nation, Saudi Arabia. In analyzing the Kingdom’s quest for a knowledge economy, this article hopes to shed light on the anatomy of the strategy itself and identify important preconditions for and barriers to the strategy’s success. The case study of Saudi Arabia’s quest for a knowledge economy carries important implications and lessons for other nations, especially those with resource economies that are seeking effective plans of economic development and transition.
Co-operative Balancing
Authors: Paul Joshy M.
Published: December 2013

The Asia-Pacific region is facing the threat of a number of potential military conflicts. Unresolved security challenges include the Sino-Japanese and Sino-Indian territorial disputes. The current peace and stability in the region has been achieved through various multilateral mechanisms and constant US involvement in the regional affairs. However, the declining US presence in Asia, the ineffectiveness of different multilateral institutions to establish a security order in the region and China’s possible emergence as a great power in Asia may lead to the end of the status quo. In this context, it is pertinent that Asia should be free from both hegemony and power rivalry, and for that, ‘co-operative balancing’ is the best possible mechanism to achieve a long-term peace and stability. Co-operative balancing is a combination of power balancing and a co-operative security framework. It promotes the independent position of individual countries and strengthens the multilateral mechanisms. This essay concludes that India and Japan can balance against China while bilateral engagement among the three countries tends to reduce their distrust vis-à-vis China.
A Meta-Study of Publication Patterns for the Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin From 2001 to 2012
Authors: Lenz A. Stephen , Darnell April , Fitzgerald Lacey , Brownlee Tera
Published: December 2013

We conducted a meta-study of research articles published in Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin from 2001 to 2012. Variables associated with authors (biological sex, setting, domicile) and study characteristics (sample and research methodology) were coded and analyzed across groups of 4-year publication periods. Our findings and related implications for the rehabilitation counseling profession are discussed.
John Rohr, the Administrative State, and the Study of Administrative Constitutionalism
Authors: Arnold Peri E.
Published: December 2013

John Rohr’s work made the Constitution central to American administration. He created a normative conception of administrative constitutionalism, and through textual interpretation he argued the framers’ ideas of administration are consistent with modern administration. I interrogate Rohr’s interpretations to argue that he overstated the compatibility of the framers’ vision and modern administration. Thus, I argue, to support Rohr’s normative program we must turn away from Rohr’s static Constitution and, instead, engage theories of constitutional change.
Conduct problems in young, school-going children in Ireland: Prevalence and teacher response
Authors: Hyland Lynda , Ní Mháille Grainne , Lodge Anne , McGilloway Sinead
Published: December 2013

Conduct problems in school settings can pose significant challenges for both children and teachers. This study examined the teacher-reported prevalence of conduct problems in a sample of young children ( N = 445) in the first two years of formal education. A secondary aim was to assess teachers’ perceptions of child behaviour and their classroom management strategies. The study was undertaken in 11 schools located in south west Ireland. Overall, children displayed positive socio-emotional and behavioural adjustment, although more than one-quarter had difficulties outside the ‘normal’ range. Class size and gender were shown to play a role in the level of difficulties experienced. Teachers reported significant challenges in managing classroom behavioural problems. This study provides some useful insights into the socio-emotional and behavioural needs of school-entry age children. The findings also have important policy and practice implications for school psychologists and other key school personnel and highlight, in particular, the need to develop and implement early intervention and prevention strategies in schools.
Validating LIWC Dictionaries
Authors: Donohue William A. , Liang Yuhua , Druckman Daniel
Published: December 2013

This article presents a validation strategy for creating new LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) dictionaries. The context used for this validation study is an analysis of the Israeli–Palestinian rhetoric preceding the 1993 Oslo I accords by Donohue and Druckman (2009). In that study, coders were trained to code six constructs in the texts: looking forward, looking backward, power, affiliation, trust, and mistrust. For the current study, six new dictionaries of words tapping these constructs were developed and evaluated. Several data reduction strategies were used to identify the most relevant words pertaining to the constructs. These reduced dictionaries were correlated with the coder results from the earlier research. The forward-looking construct emerged as a significant correlate with the forward-looking coder rating across all data reduction techniques and the full dictionary list. These findings suggest that both approaches be used. Automated dictionary coding is more efficient; human coding is more sensitive to context.
Interrogation of dialogic potential of university websites in Ghana
Authors: Ibrahim Masud , Adam Diyawu Rahman , De Heer Felicia
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this paper is to examine the dialogic features of university websites in Ghana and their potential for interacting with existing students while wooing potential students. This study was executed via a content analysis of university websites in Ghana. The results of the study show that Ghanaian universities adequately utilize the dialogic principles as proposed by Kent and Taylor (1998) in designing their websites. The findings show a preponderance in use of the dialogic loop principle by the sampled institutions in Ghana. However, the results also show poor performance by the sampled institutions on return visit principle. The research paper contributes to the scarce literature on dialogic potential of websites in a developing country context.
Effect of vertical density stratification on the buoyancy-induced flow at a doorway opening
Authors: Prétrel Hugues , Vauquelin Olivier , Candelier Fabien , Brunner Arnaud
Published: December 2013

This study deals with the process of smoke filling in a compartment and the exhaust of smoke through a doorway located in a side of the enclosure. This configuration is a typical scenario of smoke propagation during a fire event in a compartment. This study focuses on the vertical temperature stratification in the smoke layer and its consequences on buoyancy flow induced at the doorway. From two theoretical approaches, considering or not considering the vertical temperature stratification in the smoke layer, this study highlights how vertical temperature stratification may modify the doorway flow. The first approach is a well-mixed description considering constant temperature and thus no thermal stratification in the smoke layer. The second one describes the vertical density stratification with multilayer approach. The results show that the vertical stratification is the consequence of the process of air entrainment within the plume. The consideration of temperature stratification in the smoke layer changes the prediction of the flow through the doorway. A sensitivity analysis points out how two variables (the initial buoyancy flux and the dimension of the enclosure) modify this influence. The discussion improves the understanding of the stratification in an enclosure and gives new insight into the predictions of smoke propagation for fire safety applications.
Skin-Color Prejudice and Within-Group Racial Discrimination
Authors: Chavez-Dueñas Nayeli Y. , Adames Hector Y. , Organista Kurt C.
Published: December 2013

The psychological literature on colorism, a form of within-group racial discrimination, is sparse. In an effort to contribute to this understudied area and highlight its significance, a concise and selective review of the history of colorism in Latin America is provided. Specifically, three historical eras (i.e., conquest, colonization, and post-colonization) are summarized. In each era, the establishment of racial and ethnic stratification and its consequences for Latino/as of indigenous and African descent are discussed. Connections between today’s color-blind racial attitudes and mestizaje, or the mixing of races, is underscored to demonstrate how these strategies have been used, historically and today, to deny and minimize skin-color privilege. The article culminates with questions to help readers reflect and engage in dialogue about colorism as a prelude to recommendations for stimulating future research on this significant yet neglected topic.
Special Nutrition Challenges
Authors: McCarthy Mary S. , Phipps Shauna C.
Published: December 2013

Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously known as acute renal failure, is defined as a sudden decline in glomerular filtration rate with accumulation of metabolic waste products, toxins, and drugs, as well as alteration in the intrinsic functions of the kidney. Reports of mortality are as high as 80%, with numerous contributing causes including infection, cardiorespiratory complications, and cardiovascular disease. Concurrent with the high prevalence of critical illness in this population is the protein energy wasting (PEW), seen in up to 42% of patients upon intensive care unit admission. The pathophysiologic derangements of critical illness, the low energy and protein stores, and uremic complications require early nutrition intervention to attenuate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, improve endothelial function, stabilize blood sugar, and preserve lean body mass. This article addresses the unique challenges of nutrition support for the patient with AKI in the setting of critical illness and renal replacement therapy. Evidence‐based recommendations are provided to meet the macronutrient and micronutrient requirements of this heterogeneous and complex patient population.
Dual Sensory Impairment and Hearing Aid Use Among Clients Attending Low-Vision Services in Australia
Authors: Schneider Julie M. , McMahon Catherine M. , Gopinath Bamini , Kifley Annette , Barton Rebecca , Mitchell Paul , Leeder Stephen R. , Wang Jie Jin
Published: December 2013

Objective: To report the frequency of hearing impairment among vision rehabilitation clients, and to identify patterns of hearing service and aid use. Method: In the Vision-Hearing Project, 300 participants (65+ years) completed interviews and a hearing test at low-vision clinics. Visual impairment was defined as visual acuity <20/40 (better eye) wearing glasses if owned, and hearing impairment as average pure-tone air conduction threshold >25 dB hearing level (HL) over four frequencies (500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz, better ear). Dual sensory impairment (DSI) was defined as presence of both impairments. Results: Bilateral hearing impairment was identified in 79.7% of participants and DSI in 62.1%. Only 59.8% of hearing impaired participants owned hearing aids and 33.8% reported low use (<1 hr/day). Discussion: Four in five low-vision clients experience hearing impairment, and many have unmet needs. New models of sensory assessment that take account of hearing and vision are needed to support early detection and timely rehabilitation for DSI.
Teaching for the Golden Egg
Authors: Hayes Christine Cozzens
Published: December 2013

Our ears ring with the mantra from every corner of society—we need creative people. Our journals, books, and other media constantly speak of this, yet the educational system imposed on us seems to test more and more. Elementary general music educators have a responsibility to teach for the development of creativity within our students. In fact, knowing all the demands placed on classroom teachers, music class may be the best and, potentially, last hope for this to occur. This article provides resources and thought-provoking commentary on our role as general music educators.
Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Anterior Oral Cavity Are Commonly Associated With Simplex (or Differentiated) Oral Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Paliga Aleksandra , Mai Kien T.
Published: December 2013

Introduction: We investigated the occurrence of differentiated oral intraepithelial neoplasia (DOIN) that met the criteria for differentiated intravulvar neoplasia, associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anterior oral cavity, and its clinicopathologic significance. Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine consecutive cases of SCC of the anterior oral cavity were categorized into 2 groups: group A comprised SCC associated with DOIN; Group B consisted of cases associated with classical SCC in situ. Results: Fifty-five cases (80%) were classified as group A, or DOIN lesions, with only 14 (20%) as group B. All cases were associated with invasive SCC, except 2 cases in group B. Squamous epithelium continuous or adjacent to invasive SCC displayed consistent changes in the parabasal and basal layers with (1) cytologic atypia with proliferation of parabasal cells in downward expansion causing reactive proliferation of the basal cell layer in early stage and invading the basal layer in late stage, (2) disordered nuclear/cytoplasmic arrangement, and (3) a “cobblestone” appearance characterized by prominent intercellular spaces and cytoplasmic density involving the entire cell (dyskeratosis) of the parabasal layer. p53 and Ki67 immunostaining revealed linear reactivity mainly in the parabasal layer. Conclusions: DOIN lesions are frequently associated with invasive SCC of anterior oral cavity. Due to the subtle histopathologic changes, DOIN lesions pose potential diagnostic difficulty with differentiation from mild dysplasia or reactive atypia.