bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The City as Anthology
Authors: Babayan Kathryn
Published: September 2021

Household anthologies of seventeenth-century Isfahan collected everyday texts and objects, from portraits, letters, and poems to marriage contracts and talismans. With these family collections, Kathryn Babayan tells a new history of the city, at the transformative moment it became a cosmopolitan center of imperial rule. Bringing people's lives into view for a city with no extant state or civic archives, Babayan reimagines the archive of anthologies to recover how residents shaped their communities and crafted their urban, religious, and sexual selves.
Babayan highlights eight residents—from king to widow, painter to religious scholar, poet to bureaucrat—who anthologized their city, writing their engagements with friends and family, divulging the many dimensions of the social, cultural, and religious spheres of life in Isfahan. Through them, we see the gestures, manners, and sensibilities of a shared culture that configured their relations and negotiated the lines between friendship and eroticism. These entangled acts of seeing and reading, desiring and writing converge to fashion the refined urban self through the sensual and the sexual—and give us a new and enticing view of the city of Isfahan.
The Adab of Urbanity
Authors: Babayan Kathryn
Published: September 2021

The Introduction defines the main terms of the book: household anthology (majmuʿa, muraqqaʿ), adab, eroticism, love, and urbanity. It places the anthologizing of Isfahan within a critical genealogy of city reading to argue that urban practices related to seeing, reading, desiring, and writing were intimately related and mutually coconstitutive, thus informing both the lived experience of the city and its (re)assembly as household anthologies. A reader’s guide to the anthologies outlines the unfolding of the narrative, which begins with the imperial Safavi project and moves to the urban media of household anthologies through eight resident authors who act as city guides.
Imperial Visions of Sovereignty
Authors: Babayan Kathryn
Published: September 2021

Chapter 1 begins with Shah Abbas I’s imperial building project of the square that transforms Isfahan into an urban image of paradise, modeling the experience of an ideal city as the epitome of beauty and desire. Spatially divided into four corners and regimented into clearly defined sections, the rectangular square was the page the shah authored as his anthology of the city. The ways in which he and the religious scholar Shaykh Bahaʾi planned the built environment in and around the square, as well as the epigraphy the shaykh commissioned for the walls of the Friday Prayer Mosque, collectively reveal how monarch and shaykh wished their subjects to experience state-sponsored forms of urbanity. This chapter lays the groundwork for the making of Isfahan’s homoerotic culture and its reception in anthologies.
Family Archives and Female Spaces of Intimacy
Authors: Babayan Kathryn
Published: September 2021

Chapter 5 wonders about women who have been excluded from the act of writing their own anthology to present a reading of gendered literacy and female friendship through an anthology collected in the library of the Urdubadi family of bureaucrats and poets. I argue that the anthology is a family archive, in which the sociology of the household where it was produced is rendered legible. The decisive role of a female family member, the Urdubadi widow, whose pilgrimage to Mecca is recorded in this anthology, divulges her love for a female companion who was forced to leave Isfahan because of rumors circulating about their friendship. An empathetic community comes into view, established through a ritual of sisterhood. A selection of Muhammad Qasim’s paintings executed for a female clientele brings the visual into dialogue with the verbal, enhancing our understanding of the meanings of female friendships.
The Erotics of Urbanity
Authors: Babayan Kathryn
Published: September 2021

In the Conclusion, I draw on the analytical purchase of eroticism to provide a distinct vantage point onto the connections between urbanity, friendship, and spirituality. Adopting a different way of doing history in the field of early modern Persianate studies, I focus on a discrete moment in the story of Isfahan to think more broadly with historians of sexuality about the valences of erotic desires that bound together networks of friends living in previous centuries. Thinking sex with the early moderns compels me to see erasures that today silence passionate friendships and obscures the entangled history that love shared with eros and beauty. My history of Isfahan presents an early emergence of heteroerotic anxieties, provoked by the adab of urban love and Sufi homoerotic desire, that in the twentieth century were recuperated to make Iran modern.
It Could Lead to Dancing
Authors: Gollance Sonia
Published: September 2021

Dances and balls appear throughout literature as a place for young people to meet, flirt, and form relationships: as any reader of Pride and Prejudice, War and Peace, or Romeo and Juliet can attest, dance scenes provide an opportunity for writers to criticize societal expectations about courtship and partner choice, while simultaneously entertaining their readers. In this book, Sonia Gollance examines Jewish mixed-gender dancing in German and Yiddish literature, arguing that dance provides a powerful lens for understanding Jewish acculturation, secularization, and modernization. Gollance examines the specific literary qualities of dance scenes, such as the parallels between dance figures and plot structures, while also paying close attention to the broader social implications of Jewish engagement with dance during in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While traditional Jewish dance was among men only (or women only), mixed-sex dancing was the very sign of modernity, and thus a charged and complex arena for understanding the limits of acculturation, the dangers of class mixing, and the role of erotic engagement in modernization. Gollance’s book is organized around the spaces in which mixed dancing would take place: the tavern, the ballroom, the wedding, and the dance hall. Gollance also draws connections between the cultural history of social dance and contemporary popular culture, illustrating how mixed-sex dancing continues to function as a flexible metaphor for the concerns of Jewish communities in the face of cultural transitions.
The Space of the Dance Floor
Authors: Gollance Sonia
Published: September 2021

Mixed-sex dancing is frequently identified with transgressive sexual behavior, yet in Jewish culture it is also identified with the changes wrought by modernity. Where Jewish men and women once lived very separate lives, in the period between 1780 and 1940 they tested out their newfound freedoms in heterosocial leisure culture sites, the most thrilling of which was the dance floor. In this space, dance partners explored their physical compatibility without the involvement of their families or a matchmaker. The popularity of mixed-sex dancing transcended language, class, and national boundaries. In literary texts, the dance floor is a heady, passionate space in which emotions are excited, and characters imagine that ordinary social rules no longer apply.
The Wedding
Authors: Gollance Sonia
Published: September 2021

Weddings were a prime location for dancing in traditional Jewish culture, especially since Jews were religiously obligated to rejoice with a bride and dance before her. As a result, dancing was a frequent occasion for literary dance scenes and a common place for young people from different backgrounds to meet one another. Urban and rural guests intermingled, and even beggars were invited to wealthy weddings. At the same time, the ritual framework of a wedding and the presence of community elders meant that traditional Jewish community norms were more quickly enforced at weddings than in other dance spaces, as seen in Leopold von Sacher-Masoch’s Der Judenraphael (The Raphael of the Jews, 1882) and Joseph Opatoshu’s A roman fun a ferd-ganef (Romance of a Horse Thief, 1912). At weddings in general and arranged marriages in particular, communal authorities demonstrated their control over intimate relationships and festive dancing.
The Dance Hall
Authors: Gollance Sonia
Published: September 2021

Dances were an extremely popular entertainment for immigrants to New York around 1900, including eastern European Jews. Whether in commercial dance halls or neighborhood associations, dancing academies or saloons, writers identified dance spaces with youthful revelry and American capitalism. Yet this pursuit of fun and independence was a complicated endeavor, since leisure culture cost money at a time when working-class immigrants struggled to save their meager resources. Although dances promised romance and flirtation, they often also served as a reminder of the way American capitalist impulses complicated Jewish courtship and marriage patterns. Both Abraham Cahan (Yekl: A Tale of the New York Ghetto, 1896) and Kadya Molodovsky (From Lublin to New York: Diary of Rivke Zilberg, 1942) depict American dance culture ambivalently, whether reflecting on the great wave of eastern European Jewish immigration to the United States from 1881–1924 or American Jewish responses to the Holocaust.
Homework Instructions and Compliance Assessing in the Therapeutic Process: An Analysis of Therapists’ Verbal Behavior
Authors: Marchena Giráldez Carlos , Froxán Parga María Xesús , Calero Elvira Ana
Published: September 2021

Instructions are a common resource used by behavioral therapists to assign therapeutic homework. However, understanding how clients learn with instructions is better known in laboratory research than in clinical research. The present study aims to explore changes in the way of instructing and reviewing the client’s compliance throughout the therapeutic process. We analyzed the therapist’s verbal behavior during 211 recorded sessions corresponding to 19 cases treated by 11 behavioral therapists (53% male and 47% female). The sessions were divided into four stages according to the timing of the intervention and coded by using a previously validated coding system (SYST-INTER-INSTR). Results show that instructions become less specific towards the last stage of the intervention. However, therapists assess task compliance in the same way towards the end of the therapeutic process. The change in specificity suggests that the client’s behavior changes from being controlled by instructions to being controlled by natural contingencies. However, to make sure the clinical change remains; therapists assess and reinforce the client’s compliance until the end of the intervention. Although clinical implications of the results, some limitations (i.e., not considering the type of task instructed) should be addressed in future studies.
A Parametric Study on the Fluid Dynamics and Performance Characteristic of Micronozzle Flows
Authors: Singh Shailesh Kumar , R Arun Kumar
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the fluid dynamics and performance characteristics in micronozzle flows with changes in various geometric parameters using Navier–Stokes simulation based on slip wall boundary conditions. The various geometric parameters considered for the study are (1) area ratio with fixed throat dimension and (2) the semidivergence angle variation with no change in area ratio. The simulation results show that the flow choking for micronozzle happens not at the geometric throat; rather pushed downstream to the divergent channel of the nozzle. This is due to the thick boundary layer growth, which reduces the effective flow area and shifts the minimum allowable flow area downstream to the throat. The distance to which the choking point shifts downstream to the throat reduces with Maxwell's slip wall conditions compared to the conventional no-slip wall condition. The downstream movement of the choking point from the throat reduces with an increase in area ratio and with increase in divergence angle with fixed area ratio. This is due to the fact that the increase in area ratio and divergence angle increases the nozzle height at any particular section in the divergent portion of the nozzle. As a result of this, the boundary layer profile also moves upward and the restriction of potential core by the thick boundary layer reduces, which in turn leads to an increase in the effective minimum flow area downstream to the throat.
Pulmonary BCG induces lung-resident macrophage activation and confers long-term protection against tuberculosis
Authors: Mata Elena , Tarancon Raquel , Guerrero Claudia , Moreo Eduardo , Moreau Flavie , Uranga Santiago , Gomez Ana Belen , Marinova Dessislava , Domenech Miriam , Gonzalez-Camacho Fernando , Monzon Marta , Badiola Juan , Dominguez-Andres Jorge , Yuste Jose , Anel Alberto , Peixoto Antonio , Martin Carlos , Aguilo Nacho
Published: September 2021

Pulmonary BCG administration induces protection against tuberculosis infection via lung macrophage activation.
Human cytomegalovirus expands a CD8
+
T cell population with loss of
BCL11B
expression and gain of NK cell identity
Authors: Sottile Rosa , Panjwani M. Kazim , Lau Colleen M. , Daniyan Anthony F. , Tanaka Kento , Barker Juliet N. , Brentjens Renier J. , Sun Joseph C. , Le Luduec Jean-Benoît , Hsu Katharine C.
Published: September 2021

NKG2C
+
CD8
+
T cells, found in 40% of HCMV-seropositive individuals, have lost BCL11B expression and adopt an innate-like identity.
Bacteria-Stimulated Metamorphosis: an Ocean of Insights from Investigating a Transient Host-Microbe Interaction
Authors: Shikuma Nicholas J.
Published: September 2021

Recent research on host-microbe interactions has focused on intimate symbioses. Yet transient interactions, such as the stimulation of animal metamorphosis by bacteria, can have significant impacts on each partner.
Theatres without borders: a systematic review of the use of intraoperative telemedicine in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)
Authors: Subbiah Ponniah Hariharan , Shah Viraj , Arjomandi Rad Arian , Vardanyan Robert , Miller George , Malawana Johann
Published: September 2021

Objective

This systematic review aims to provide a summary of the use of real-time telementoring, telesurgical consultation and telesurgery in surgical procedures in patients in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).

Design

A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and the Cochrane Collaboration published guidelines.

Data sources

EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for original articles and case reports that discussed telementoring, telesurgery or telesurgical consultation in countries defined as low-income or middle-income (as per the World Banks’s 2021–2022 classifications) from inception to August 2021.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

All original articles and case reports were included if they reported the use of telemedicine, telesurgery or telesurgical consultation in procedures conducted on patients in LMICs.

Results

There were 12 studies which discussed the use of telementoring in 55 patients in LMICs and included a variety of surgical specialities. There was one study that discussed the use of telesurgical consultation in 15 patients in LMICs and one study that discussed the use of telesurgery in one patient.

Conclusion

The presence of intraoperative telemedicine in LMICs represents a principal move towards improving access to specialist surgical care for patients in resource-poor settings. Not only do several studies demonstrate that it facilitates training and educational opportunities, but it remains a relatively frugal and efficient method of doing so, through empowering local surgeons in LMICs towards offering optimal care while remaining in their respective communities.
‘Is Insulin Right for Me?’ Development of a theory-informed, web-based resource for reducing psychological barriers to insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Holloway Edith E , Speight Jane , Furler John , Hagger Virginia , O'Neal David N , Skinner Timothy C , Holmes-Truscott Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Objective

To develop a theory and evidence-based web intervention to reduce psychological barriers towards insulin therapy among adults with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

Salient psychological barriers towards insulin were identified from the literature and classified using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Relevant TDF domains were mapped to evidence-based behaviour change techniques (BCTs), which informed the content for each barrier. Acceptability was explored using cognitive debriefing interviews (n=6 adults with T2D).

Results

‘Is Insulin Right for Me’ addresses eight barriers, phrased as common questions: Does insulin mean my diabetes is more serious? Do insulin injections cause complications? Is it my fault I need to inject insulin? Will I gain weight? Will injecting hurt? What about hypos? Will injecting insulin be a burden? What will others think of me? BCTs, including persuasive communication and modelling/demonstration, were delivered using appropriate methods (eg, demonstration of the injection process). Participant suggestions for improvement included clear and direct messages, normalising insulin and avoiding confronting images.

Conclusions

‘Is Insulin Right for Me’ is the first theory and evidence-based, web intervention designed to reduce psychological barriers towards insulin therapy for adults with T2D. Evaluation is needed to determine its impact on negative appraisals and receptiveness towards insulin.
Clinical handover in a bilingual setting: interpretative phenomenological analysis to exploring translanguaging practices for effective communication among hospital staff
Authors: Pun Jack
Published: September 2021

Objective

To explore the linguistic features of translanguaging in bilingual handover practices and elicit the views of hospital staff on factors that hinder or facilitate effective handover practice in a bilingual environment.

Methods

78 hospital staff were recruited from hospital wards and emergency departments of two Hong Kong hospitals. They were interviewed to determine their perceptions of their handover communication in a bilingual context, and their responses were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

Based on the staff interviews, three dimensions with potential applications to effective clinical handover are identified. A revised Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation protocol accounting for linguistic pluralism (i.e., the translanguaging process) is suggested to underpin the future research agenda around effective clinical communication in a bilingual context.

Conclusions

Research on handover communication in multilingual contexts is limited. This study outlines linguistic pluralism at the handover stage and details the complexity of handover communication for staff in a bilingual context. It urges for more research with a specific focus on identifying avoidable linguistic issues that emerge from the clinical context and developing a suitable protocol to standardise staff’s translanguaging processes to ensure a safe and efficient handover process in a bilingual environment.
Influence of pre-existing multimorbidity on receiving a hip arthroplasty: cohort study of 28 025 elderly subjects from UK primary care
Authors: Ferguson Rory , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Peat George , Delmestri Antonella , Jordan Kelvin P , Strauss Vicky Y , Valderas Jose Maria , Walker Christine , Yu Dahai , Glyn-Jones Sion , Silman Alan
Published: September 2021

The median age for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is over 70 years with the corollary that many individuals have multiple multimorbidities. Despite the predicted improvement in quality of life, THA might be denied even to those with low levels of multimorbidity.

Objective

To evaluate how pre-existing levels of multimorbidity influence the likelihood and timing of THA.

Setting

Longitudinal record linkage study of a UK sample linking their primary care to their secondary care records.

Participants

A total of 28 025 patients were included, based on the recording of the diagnosis of hip osteoarthritis in a national primary care register, Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Data were extracted from the database on background health and morbidity status using five different constructs: Charlson Comorbidity Index, Electronic Frailty Index and counts of chronic diseases (from list of 17), prescribed medications and number of primary care visits prior to recording of osteoarthritis.

Outcome measures

The record of having received a THA as recorded in the primary care record and the linked secondary care database: Hospital Episode Statistics.

Results

40% had THA: median follow 10 months (range 1–17 years). Increased multimorbidity was associated with a decreased likelihood of undergoing THA, irrespective of the method of assessing multimorbidity although the impact varied by approach.

Conclusion

Markers of pre-existing ill health influence the decision for THA in the elderly with end-stage hip osteoarthritis, although these effects are modest for indices of multimorbidity other than eFI. There is evidence of this influence being present even in people with moderate decrements in their health, despite the balance of benefits to risk in these individuals being positive.
Health programmes and services addressing the prevention and management of infectious diseases in people who inject drugs in Canada: a systematic integrative review
Authors: Bouzanis Katrina , Joshi Siddharth , Lokker Cynthia , Pavalagantharajah Sureka , Qiu Yun , Sidhu Hargun , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Qutob Majdi , Henedi Alia , Levine Mitchell A H , Lennox Robin , Tarride Jean-Eric , Kalina Dale , Alvarez Elizabeth
Published: September 2021

Objectives

People who inject drugs (PWID) experience a high burden of injection drug use-related infectious disease and challenges in accessing adequate care. This study sought to identify programmes and services in Canada addressing the prevention and management of infectious disease in PWID.

Design

This study employed a systematic integrative review methodology. Electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science Core Collection) and relevant websites were searched for literature published between 2008 and 2019 (last search date was 6 June 2019). Eligible articles and documents were required to address injection or intravenous drug use and health programmes or services relating to the prevention or management of infectious diseases in Canada.

Results

This study identified 1607 unique articles and 97 were included in this study. The health programmes and services identified included testing and management of HIV and hepatitis C virus (n=27), supervised injection facilities (n=19), medication treatment for opioid use disorder (n=12), integrated infectious disease and addiction programmes (n=10), needle exchange programmes (n=9), harm reduction strategies broadly (n=6), mobile care initiatives (n=5), peer-delivered services (n=3), management of IDU-related bacterial infections (n=2) and others (n=4). Key implications for policy, practice and future research were identified based on the results of the included studies, which include addressing individual and systemic factors that impede care, furthering evaluation of programmes and the need to provide comprehensive care to PWID, involving medical care, social support and harm reduction.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the need for expanded services across a variety of settings and populations. Our study emphasises the importance of addressing social and structural factors that impede infectious disease care for PWID. Further research is needed to improve evaluation of health programmes and services and contextual factors surrounding accessing services or returning to care.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020142947.
Prevalence and associated factors of self-reported ischaemic heart disease and/or stroke: a cross-sectional nationally representative community-based study of adults in Malawi in 2017
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl
Published: September 2021

Objective

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of self-reported ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and/or stroke among adults in Malawi.

Design

Population-based cross-sectional study.

Setting

Nationally representative sample of general adult population in Malawi.

Participants

The sample included 4187 persons aged 18–69 years (32 years of median age) that participated in the ‘2017 Malawi STEPwise Approach to Non-Communicable Disease Risk-Factor Surveillance survey.’

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Self-reported history of IHD and/or stroke, along with biological, behavioural, psychosocial stress and sociodemographic covariates. Multivariable logistic regression calculated OR with 95% CI for IHD and/or stroke.

Results

The prevalence of IHD and/or stroke was 6.5%, 4.4% among men and 8.4% among women. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age (50–69 years) (adjusted OR (AOR) 3.49, 95% CI 1.75 to 6.94), female sex (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.01), Chewa speaking (AOR 4.62, 95% CI 1.32 to 16.22), English speaking (AOR 5.63, 95% CI 1.43 to 22.19), suicidal ideation, plan and/or attempt (AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.13) and sedentary behaviour (AOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.59) were associated with IHD and/or stroke. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, non-paid or unemployed, urban residence, overweight, obesity and having hypertension were associated with IHD and/or stroke.

Conclusions

Almost 1 in 10 women and 1 in 20 men aged 18–69 years had IHD and/or stroke in Malawi. Several risk and protective factors were found that can be targeted in population health interventions.
mTOR inhibitors and risk of ovarian cysts: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Parazzini Fabio , Gerli Sandro , Favilli Alessandro , Vignali Michele , Ricci Elena , Cipriani Sonia , Chiaffarino Francesca , Dell'acqua Andrea , Harari Sergio , Bianchi Stefano
Published: September 2021

Objective

To summarise the available evidence on frequency of ovarian cyst development during mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) treatment.

Methods

PubMed/Medline and EMBASE databases were searched, from 1990 up to March 2020, using the following keywords: ‘tacrolimus’, ‘sirolimus’, ‘temsirolimus’, ‘everolimus’, ‘deforolimus’, ‘mTOR’ and ‘ovarian cysts’ (Limit: Human, English, full article). Studies were selected for the review if they met the following criteria: clinical studies, studies reporting original data, studies reporting the number of patients using mTORi, studies reporting the number of patients with ovarian cysts.

We selected 7 of 20 retrieved studies. Study design, population, sample size, criteria for diagnosis of ovarian cysts, drug doses and follow-up length were extracted. Pooled estimate of incidence was calculated for ovarian cysts as a percentage, with 95% CI.

Results

Four hundred-six women were included in the selected studies. The pooled incidence was 37.0% (95% CI 16.0% to 58.1%) for all ovarian cysts, and 17.3% (95% CI 5.6% to 29.1%) for clinically significant ovarian cysts. Based on two articles, comparing mTORi and non-mTORi for immunosuppression, pooled OR for ovarian cyst incidence was 4.62 (95% CI 2.58 to 8.28).

Conclusion

Ovarian cyst development is a common adverse event during immunosuppression treatment with mTORi. These cysts are benign conditions, but they require pelvic ultrasound follow-up and in some cases hospital admission and surgery.
Reasoning like a doctor or like a nurse? An integrative review protocol
Authors: Vreugdenhil Jettie , Somra Sunia , Ket Hans , Custers Eugène J F M , Reinders Marcel E , Dobber Jos , Kusurkar Rashmi A
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Clinical reasoning, a major competency for all health professionals, has been defined and studied ‘within’ each profession. We do not know if content, process and outcomes are comparable ‘between’ physician and nursing clinical reasoning. This paper aims to set up a protocol for an integrative review to analyse and synthesise the scientific nursing and medical clinical reasoning literature. It builds on the history of nursing and medical clinical reasoning research and aims to create a higher level of conceptual clarity of clinical reasoning, to increase mutual understanding in collaboration in patient care, education and research.

Methods and analysis

This integrative review follows stepwise the methods described by Whittmore and Knafl: problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation.

The initial systematic and comprehensive search strategy is developed in collaboration with the clinical librarian and is performed in electronic databases, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Web of Science from 30 March 2020 to 27 May 2020. Empirical and theoretical studies are included. This search will be accompanied by ancestry searching and purposeful sampling. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow chart will summarise the selection process. The quality of eligible studies will be evaluated with a checklist, suitable for diverse study methods.

The data analysis is inspired by concept analysis of Walker and Avant and layered analysis of an intervention of Cianciolo and Regehr. We will extract the data of the included studies conforming these layers and features, to capture the multifaceted nature of clinical reasoning in both professions. The data will be presented in a validity matrix to facilitate comparing and contrasting.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required. The outcomes will be disseminated through conference presentations and publications.
Bladder cancer and exeRcise trAining during intraVesical thErapy—the BRAVE trial: a study protocol for a prospective, single-centre, phase II randomised controlled trial
Authors: Arthuso Fernanda Z. , Fairey Adrian S. , Boulé Normand G. , Courneya Kerry S.
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for about 75% of newly diagnosed bladder cancers. The treatment for NMIBC involves surgical removal of the tumour followed by 6 weekly instillations of immunotherapy or chemotherapy directly into the bladder (ie, intravesical therapy). NMIBC has a high rate of recurrence (31%–78%) and progression (15%). Moreover, bladder cancer and its treatment may affect patient functioning and quality of life. Exercise is a safe and effective intervention for many patient with cancer groups, however, no studies have examined exercise during intravesical therapy for NMIBC. The primary objective of the Bladder cancer and exeRcise trAining during intraVesical thErapy (BRAVE) trial is to examine the safety and feasibility of an exercise intervention in patients with bladder cancer undergoing intravesical therapy. The secondary objectives are to investigate the preliminary efficacy of exercise on health-related fitness and patient-reported outcomes; examine the social cognitive predictors of exercise adherence; and explore the potential effects of exercise on tumour recurrence and progression.

Methods and analysis

BRAVE is a phase II randomised controlled trial that aims to include 66 patients with NMIBC scheduled to receive intravesical therapy. Participants will be randomly assigned to the exercise intervention or usual care. The intervention consists of three supervised, high-intensity interval training sessions per week for 12 weeks. Feasibility will be evaluated by eligibility, recruitment, adherence and attrition rates. Preliminary efficacy will focus on changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and patient-reported outcomes from baseline (prior to intravesical therapy) to pre-cystoscopy (3 months). Cancer outcomes will be tracked at 3 months, and 1-year follow-up by cystoscopy. Analysis of covariance will compare between-group differences at post-intervention (pre-cystoscopy) for all health-related fitness and patient-reported outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Board of Alberta-Cancer Committee (#20–0184). Dissemination will include publication and presentations at scientific conferences and public channels.

Trial registration number

NCT04593862; Pre-results.
Multimorbidity and clinical reasoning through the eyes of GPs: a qualitative study
Authors: Ritz Claire , Sader Julia , Cairo Notari Sarah , Lanier Cedric , Caire Fon Nathalie , Nendaz Mathieu , Audétat Marie-Claude
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Despite the high prevalence of patients suffering from multimorbidity, the clinical reasoning processes involved during the longitudinal management are still sparse.

This study aimed to investigate what are the different characteristics of the clinical reasoning process clinicians use with patients suffering from multimorbidity, and to what extent this clinical reasoning differs from diagnostic reasoning.

Design

Given the exploratory nature of this study and the difficulty general practitioners (GPs) have in expressing their reasoning, a qualitative methodology was therefore, chosen. The Clinical reasoning Model described by Charlin et al was used as a framework to describe the multifaceted processes of the clinical reasoning.

Setting

Semistructured interviews were conducted with nine GPs working in an ambulatory setting in June to September 2018, in Geneva, Switzerland.

Participants

Participants were GPs who came from public hospital or private practice. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and a thematic analysis was conducted.

Results

The results highlighted how some cognitive processes seem to be more specific to the management reasoning.

Thus, the main goal is not to reach a diagnosis, but rather to consider several possibilities in order to maintain a balance between the evidence-based care options, patient’s priorities and maintaining quality of life. The initial representation of the current problem seems to be more related to the importance of establishing links between the different pre-existing diseases, identifying opportunities for actions and trying to integrate the new elements from the patient’s context, rather than identifying the signs and symptoms that can lead to generating new clinical hypotheses. The multiplicity of options to resolve problems is often perceived as difficult by GPs. Furthermore, longitudinal management does not allow them to achieve a final resolution of problems and that requires continuous review and an ongoing prioritisation process.

Conclusion

This study contributes to a better understanding of the clinical reasoning processes of GPs in the longitudinal management of patients suffering from multimorbidity. Through a practical and accessible model, this qualitative study offers new perspectives for identifying the components of management reasoning. These results open the path to new research projects.
Barriers and facilitators of rendering HIV services by community health workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-synthesis
Authors: Khumalo Gugulethu Eve , Lutge Elizabeth E , Naidoo Praba , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani Phosa
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To synthesise qualitative studies that address the barriers to and facilitators of providing HIV services by community health workers (CHWs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Design

This meta-synthesis was guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We included studies that were published between 2009 and 2019. The Ritchie and Spencer framework and the Supporting the Use of Research Evidence framework were used for thematic analysis and framework analysis, respectively. The Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to assess the quality of selected studies.

Eligibility criteria

Qualitative studies published between 2009 and 2019, that included CHWs linked directly or indirectly to the Ministry of Health and providing HIV services in the communities.

Information sources

An extensive search was conducted on the following databases: EBSCOhost- (ERIC; Health Source-Nursing/Academic Edition; MEDLINE Full Text), Google Scholar and PubMed.

Results

Barriers to rendering of HIV services by CHWs were community HIV stigma; lack of CHW respect, CHWs’ poor education and training; poor stakeholders’ involvement; poor access to the communities; shortage of CHWs; unsatisfactory incentives; lack of CHW support and supervision, lack of equipment and supplies and social barriers due to culture, language and political structures. The altruistic behaviour of CHWs and the availability of job facilitated the provision of HIV services.

Conclusion

The delivery of HIV services by CHWs in SSA is faced by more lingering barriers than facilitators. Planners and policymakers can minimise the barriers by investing in both CHW and community training regarding HIV services. Furthermore, sufficient funding should be allocated to the programme to ensure its efficiency.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020160012.
Multiparametric MRI of early tumor response to immune checkpoint blockade in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Lau Doreen , McLean Mary A , Priest Andrew N , Gill Andrew B , Scott Francis , Patterson Ilse , Carmo Bruno , Riemer Frank , Kaggie Joshua D , Frary Amy , Milne Doreen , Booth Catherine , Lewis Arthur , Sulikowski Michal , Brown Lee , Lapointe Jean-Martin , Aloj Luigi , Graves Martin J , Brindle Kevin M , Corrie Pippa G , Gallagher Ferdia A
Published: September 2021

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are now standard of care treatment for many cancers. Treatment failure in metastatic melanoma is often due to tumor heterogeneity, which is not easily captured by conventional CT or tumor biopsy. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate early microstructural and functional changes within melanoma metastases following immune checkpoint blockade using multiparametric MRI.

Methods

Fifteen treatment-naïve metastatic melanoma patients (total 27 measurable target lesions) were imaged at baseline and following 3 and 12 weeks of treatment on immune checkpoint inhibitors using: T2-weighted imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Treatment timepoint changes in tumor cellularity, vascularity, and heterogeneity within individual metastases were evaluated and correlated to the clinical outcome in each patient based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors V.1.1 at 1 year.

Results

Differential tumor growth kinetics in response to immune checkpoint blockade were measured in individual metastases within the same patient, demonstrating significant intertumoral heterogeneity in some patients. Early detection of tumor cell death or cell loss measured by a significant increase in the apparent diffusivity (Dapp) (p<0.05) was observed in both responding and pseudoprogressive lesions after 3 weeks of treatment. Tumor heterogeneity, as measured by apparent diffusional kurtosis (Kapp), was consistently higher in the pseudoprogressive and true progressive lesions, compared with the responding lesions throughout the first 12 weeks of treatment. These preceded tumor regression and significant tumor vascularity changes (Ktrans, ve, and vp) detected after 12 weeks of immunotherapy (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Multiparametric MRI demonstrated potential for early detection of successful response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma.
WHEN RISING TIDES LIFT SOME BOATS MORE THAN OTHERS: GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCES IN THE EXTERNAL ENABLEMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: MANOCHA PARUL , HUNT RICHARD A. , TOWNSEND DAVID M. , STALLKAMP MAXIMILIAN
Published: September 2021

External enablers (EEs) are exogenous, macro-environmental forces that influence the rate, extent and substance of entrepreneurial activity. A steadily increasing body of empirical research has sought to identify, describe and predict the aggregate impact of EEs, yet few studies have assessed whether EEs exert similar or dissimilar effects across societal groups, and none to date have sought to ascertain whether EEs function in a gender-neutral fashion. The issue is important to address because it is common for governments to implement policies designed to leverage or mitigate the influence of EEs. Absent knowledge regarding the differential effects of EEs, policies may be enacted with an aggregate intent, but which may routinely disadvantage female entrepreneurs. To address this concern, we investigate the impact of a prominent EE (internet access) on entrepreneurial activity, employing a longitudinal design, consisting of 61 countries from 2004 to 2013. Our results suggest that increased internet access is, in the aggregate, associated with heightened entrepreneurial activity, but the favorable effect for male entrepreneurs is markedly greater than that for female entrepreneurs. The findings reveal that gender-based disaggregation is critical in assessing the influence of EEs.
RE-CONTEXTUALIZING OPPORTUNITY AS ARTIFACT SIGNALLING FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTION
Authors: LEONG DAVID
Published: September 2021

In exploring entrepreneurial action as a response to opportunities, this paper uses signalling theory to provide new insights as the entrepreneur moves from perception to recognition to enactment. We adopt a dynamic approach to how entrepreneurs perceive opportunities and form initial opportunity beliefs, recognizing that, over time, beliefs change. The perceived potentialities from the signals arising from opportunities also change. Strength of the initial opportunity beliefs, morph-ability of opportunities, frequency of opportunity appearances, multiple interpretations of opportunity, latency of opportunity, observability (intensity, visibility, strength and clarity), distortions of opportunity and false opportunity are topics that are not sufficiently addressed in research on entrepreneurial opportunities. We argue that the signalling effects open new avenues of inquiry related to the central role of opportunity in the entrepreneurial process. Instead of seeing opportunity from either the discovery or creation approaches, opportunity should be viewed as an artifact with embedded perceived potentialities. Implications are drawn for the developmental context.
Quantized Adam with Error Feedback
Authors: Chen Congliang , Shen Li , Huang Haozhi , Liu Wei
Published: September 2021

In this article, we present a distributed variant of an adaptive stochastic gradient method for training deep neural networks in the parameter-server model. To reduce the communication cost among the workers and server, we incorporate two types of quantization schemes, i.e., gradient quantization and weight quantization, into the proposed distributed Adam. In addition, to reduce the bias introduced by quantization operations, we propose an error-feedback technique to compensate for the quantized gradient. Theoretically, in the stochastic nonconvex setting, we show that the distributed adaptive gradient method with gradient quantization and error feedback converges to the first-order stationary point, and that the distributed adaptive gradient method with weight quantization and error feedback converges to the point related to the quantized level under both the single-worker and multi-worker modes. Last, we apply the proposed distributed adaptive gradient methods to train deep neural networks. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our methods.
Pennington Corner: A Local Impact of Global Thinking
Authors: Jannuzzi Christopher J.
Published: September 2021

I hope this missive finds you and yours faring well and that life is beginning to return to some sense of normalcy. Thankfully, ECS continues to successfully endure these trying times, serve our community, and do our part to advance the critical science and technologies we represent.
Celebrating 100 Years of the High-Temperature Energy, Materials, & Processes (H-TEMP) Division
Authors: Jackson Gregory S.
Published: September 2021

The Electrochemical Society was formed in 1902, three years before Einstein published his Nobel-winning paper on the photoelectric effect, his paper on Brownian motion, and his earth-shaking paper on special relativity. The early years of the society did not include Technical Divisions, and only Technical Committees were established in 1915 to address very and only Technical Committees were established in 1915 to address very specif ic topics associated with electrochemical processes and materials. As the number of committees grew, ECS leaders decided to consolidate several the number of committees grew, ECS leaders decided to consolidate several into the Society’s first Technical Division, the Electrothermics Division (which is today’s High-Temperature Energy Materials & Processes or H-TEMP Division).
Comparative Study Qualitative and Quantitative Techniques in the Study of Occlusion
Authors: Bozhkova Tanya , Musurlieva Nina , Slavchev Diyan
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The wide variety of methods for recording occlusal contacts and the contradictory data on the interpretation of the obtained markings provoked us to make a comparative laboratory study between different occlusal indicators. Purpose. Evaluation of a qualitative and quantitative method for registration of occlusal contacts in static occlusion in laboratory conditions. Materials and Methods. In completion of the objective, we designed an apparatus for registration of the occlusal contacts (AROC) in static occlusion which is used, corresponding to the MIP in clinical conditions. The occlusal indicators that were included in the study were articulating paper 100 μ, articulating foil 12 μ, and T‐Scan Novus system with a sensor thickness of 100 μ. The collected primary statistical information was entered and processed with the statistical package SPSS Statistics 19.0, and the graphs were prepared using Microsoft Office 2019. We performed descriptive statistical analysis in this study. Comparisons were performed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student’s t -test, and Pearson coefficient method. For a significance level, p < 0.05 was chosen. Result and Discussion. With quality occlusal indicators, it is possible only to visually determine the size, number, and intensity of the marked contacts. After the statistical processing of the obtained data on the number of registered contacts, a significant difference is found in the number of contacts of certain teeth (18, 24, 25, 28, 38, 35, 34, 33, 44, 45, and 48) registered with articulating paper and articulating foil. The maximum force that is reported during the study with the T‐Scan system is 93.72% and the forces in the right half of the dentition are 51.7% and in the left 48.9%. To visualize the location of the registered occlusal contacts with the system, it is intraoral to use a quality indicator and we recommend the use of articulating foil. Conclusion. Based on findings from the current in vitro simulation, we can conclude that the type of occlusal indicator influences the registration of contacts, and therefore, we propose as a method of choice to achieve a balanced occlusion in clinical practice to combine the use of one conventional and one quantitative method.
Application of Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) in the Physical Education: Survey Analysis of Chinese Universities
Authors: Teng Zhonghong , Cai Shukai
Published: September 2021

With the advent of artificial intelligence, computer-aided instruction has developed into intelligent computer-aided instruction. Computer-aided instruction not only overcomes many weaknesses of traditional physical education teaching but also significantly increases the teaching effect and efficiency. This article first studies and analyzes the characteristics of computer-aided instruction systems. Then, we use statistical methods and logical analysis to randomly select two classes of undergraduate students as the experimental and control group, respectively. In the control group, the traditional teaching model was adopted, while the experimental group adopted the computer-aided teaching mode. The experimental group showed significant improvement in physical education as compared to the control group. The results of this study validated that the use of computer-assisted instruction is beneficial in the implementation of physical education programs, mostly in teaching concepts and principles of academic nature.