bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Perawatan Payudara Pada Ibu Nifas dan Menyusui Sebagai Media Peningkatan Produksi ASI Di Desa Watutumou Kecamatan Kalawat Kota Minahasa Utara
Authors: Irne Wida Desiyanti  , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah
Published: November 2022

Berdasarkan Survey Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2007, angka  cakupan  ASI  di indonesia  mencapai 43% dibanding (SDKI) tahun 2012. Berdasarkan hasil survey pada tanggal 16-17 Februari 2020, di Desa Watutumou Kecamatan Maumbi Kabupaten Minahasa Utara didapatkan salah satu masalah prioritas yang terjadi adalah masih kurangnya pemberian ASI pada bayi dan balita yang disebakan karena kurangnya produksi ASI. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah melatih perawatan payudara untuk meningkatkan produksi ASI bagi ibu menyusui, sehingga dapat tercapai peningkatan gizi bayi dan balita. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyuluhan adalah kuliah umum (pemaparan), sharing atau talk show dengan media proyektor, serta memberikan peragaan bagaimana cara melakukan perawatan payudara, menyajikan materi dengan bahasa sesederhana mungkin agar dapat diterima dengan mudah oleh peserta. Kegiatan pelatihan perawatan payudara pada ibu nifas dan menyusui sebagai media peningkatan produksi ASI adalah kegiatan berjalan tertib dan teratur sesuai dengan harapan dapat melancarkan produksi ASI, sehingga proses pemberian ASI berjalan lancar sampai 2 tahun.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN DESAIN GRAFIS BAGI MAHASISWA AISKA UNIVERSITY DALAM MENGHADAPI ERA 4.0
Authors: Irfan Sadida  , M. Gunawan Setyadi  , Aisyah Mutia Dawis
Published: November 2022

The rapid development of technology is very influential on institutions, society and even universities. At this time, the role of graphic design in all fields is needed. This can be proven by the many fields of business that utilize the expertise of graphic designers. The shifting habit of using digital media in human activities has made the use of design as media promotion increasingly widespread in the business world. Examples of promotional media include brochures, leaflets, posters, business cards, billboards, banners, and banners. This illustrates that graphic design skills are important things that students need to have in this modern era. Therefore, it is important to hold graphic design training as an initial means for students to improve their ability to produce a quality graphic design work.
Tool Proposal for Recommending Design Thinking Techniques in Software Development
Authors: Parizi Rafael , Moreira Marina , Couto Igor , Marczak Sabrina , Conte Tayana
Published: November 2022

Design Thinking (DT) has been incorporated into software processes by teams from startups to large companies, used in problem exploration fostering innovative solutions, and integrated into agile methods to satisfy the real stakeholders’ needs. DT places the customer needs up-front and helps to empathize with users, examining their behaviors, and producing outcomes focused on users’ demand. A set of techniques, like personas and user journey, can be used to support this human-centered approach. Selecting which technique to use might be challenging since factors such as the application scenario, stakeholder engagement level and previous knowledge of the problem-to-be-solved may vary from case to case. In our previous work we presented a DT session conducted to better understand the need for a recommendation tool, followed by a requirements elicitation activity in which we defined how the tool should work, and an early evaluation of the initial tool low-fidelity prototypes. Inspired by the Design Science Research method, in this article we extend our previous work by furthering what we performed in the tool’s definition process. We included in this work a requirements refining activity through high-level fidelity prototypes, and a requirements validation activity through a questionnaire-based feedback collection with professionals who have experience on the use of DT in software development. Our results show that our proposal offers an useful and easy to use tool to recommend DT techniques with the potential to support those professionals who apply DT in requirements engineering by suggesting techniques that are the best fit to the declared context.
Strategies to Evolve ExM Notations Extracted from a Survey with Software Engineering Professionals Perspective
Authors: Araújo Lebtag Bruno Gabriel , Teixeira Paulo Gabriel , Dos Santos Rodrigo Pereira , Viana Davi , V. Graciano Neto Valdemar
Published: November 2022

Contemporary complex systems often exhibit dynamic structures and behaviors, several components/systems involved, and multiple interoperability links. Those systems have been exposed to fragilities of traditional software specification languages (e.g. UML and SySML), since such languages were designed to document single (not multiple interoperating) systems. Those limitations can potentially further compromise the quality of the final software product. In this context, Executable Models (ExM) technology, such as simulation models, models@runtime and executable UML, satisfy the aforementioned requirements by supporting engineers with visualization of the system structures (still at design-time) and the ability to exercise their behaviors and interactions. In our prior study, we presented the results of an exploratory study on the perceptions of those professionals (from both industry and academia) regarding the use of ExM to solve problems in their current practice. We exposed 58 professionals (researchers and practitioners) to situations to solve problems using a specific type of ExM (DEVS simulation models), based on survey research. Responses were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. In this article, we extended the obtained results by analyzing and compiling a list of strategies to improve ExM notations to better address the needs of software engineering professionals. Later, we assessed those strategies with software engineering researchers to confirm the importance of the proposed strategies. Results revealed that executable languages still require advances to bring them even closer to the current software engineering practice and towards a more significant adoption in the future. The proposed strategies focus on improvements on the robustness of the ExM notations, visual representation of the models, the usability of the models, and user support.
Software process improvement programs
Authors: Albuquerque Regina , Santos Gleison , Malucelli Andreia , Reinehr Sheila
Published: November 2022

While many organizations successfully embrace and experience software process improvement (SPI) benefits, others abandon the effort before realizing the total potential result of an SPI initiative. Therefore, researchers' interest in understanding the reasons why software organizations that have a successful start in adopting SPI abandon improvement initiatives after evaluation has increased. Thus, this work aims to investigate how the abandonment of SPI programs based on maturity models occurs after the evaluation. The multiple case study method was used with eight organizations. Data were analyzed using Grounded Theory open and axial coding procedures. The results show that SPI initiatives failed because of internal factors (people, SPI project management, organizational aspects, and processes) and external factors to the organizational context (country economic crisis, outsourcing, governmental political influence, and external pressure from the client). As a contribution, we highlight the identification of these factors that organizations can use to learn about their initiatives and avoid pitfalls that can lead to the abandonment of SPI.
First step climbing the Stairway to Heaven Model - Results from a Case Study in Industry
Authors: Dos Santos Júnior Paulo Sérgio , Perini Barcellos Monalessa , Calhau Rodrigo Fernandes
Published: November 2022

Context: Nowadays, software development organizations have adopted agile practices and data-driven software development aiming at a competitive advantage. Moving from traditional to agile and data-driven software development requires changes in the organization´s culture and structure, which may not be easy. The Stairway to Heaven Model (StH) describes this evolution path in five stages. Objective: We aimed to investigate how Systems Theory tools, GUT Matrix, and reference ontologies can help organizations in the first transition of StH, i.e., moving from traditional to agile development. Method: We performed a participative case study in a Brazilian organization that develops software in partnership with a European organization. We applied Systems Theory tools (systemic maps and archetypes) to understand the organization and identify undesirable behaviors and their causes. Thus, we used GUT Matrices to decide which ones should be addressed first and we defined strategies to change the undesirable behaviors by implementing agile practices. We also used the conceptualization provided by reference ontologies to share a common understanding of agile and help implement the strategies. Results: By understanding the organization, a decision was made to implement a combination of agile and traditional practices. The implemented strategies improved software quality and project time, and cost. Problems due to misunderstanding agile concepts were solved by using reference ontologies, process models, and other diagrams built based on the ontologies conceptualization, allowing the organization to experience agile culture and foresee changes in its business model. Conclusion: Systems Theory tools and GUT Matrix aid organizations to move from traditional to agile development by supporting better understanding the organization, finding leverage points of change, and enabling to define strategies aligned to the organization characteristics and priorities. Reference ontologies can be useful to establish a common understanding about agile, enabling teams to be aware of and, thus, more committed to agile practices and concepts. The use of process models and other diagrams can favor learning the conceptualization provided by the ontologies.
The Amount Specificity Requirement of Contractual Penalties – A Commentary on the Judgment of the Polish Supreme Court of May 20, 2021 (IV CSKP 58/21)
Authors: Herbet-Homenda Weronika
Published: November 2022

This article discusses the Polish Supreme Court’s judgment of May 20, 2021, which constitutes another important contribution to the case law concerning the contractual penalty regulated in Art. 483 - 484 of the Polish Civil Code. The court’s judicial analysis covered the condition of “specificity” of the contractual penalty, i.e., the admissibility of stipulating a penalty in the form of a fraction (percentage) of the contract value for each time unit of delay, without specifying its maximum sum in advance. In summary, it can be stated that the presented statement of the Supreme Court should be regarded not as a final settlement, but rather a voice in the broad discussion on the requirement of specificity of contractual penalties.
Adiós Rechtsstaat in Zentralamerika? Hybride Kommissionen gegen die Straflosigkeit und ihre Erfolgsbedingungen
Authors: Reinold Theresa
Published: November 2022

Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Erosion der Rechtsstaatlichkeit im nördlichen Dreieck Zentralamerikas, die in den letzten Jahren massive Ausmaße angenommen hat. Um die Rechtsstaatlichkeit zu stärken, wurde in den letzten anderthalb Jahrzehnten ein innovatives Experiment in Form hybrider Kommissionen gegen die Straflosigkeit unternommen - ein Experiment, dessen Auswirkungen bis heute kaum erforscht worden sind. Dieser Artikel identifiziert eine Reihe von Erfolgsfaktoren, die es den Hybridkommissionen ermöglichen, ihre Aufgaben auch gegen politischen Widerstand zu erfüllen. Auf nationaler Ebene ist das neben der Unterstützung durch die Zivilgesellschaft vor allem die Generalstaatsanwaltschaft, ohne deren Kooperation effektive Ermittlungen und Strafverfolgung nicht möglich sind, sowie auf internationaler Ebene die Unterstützung durch kooperierende Staaten.
Telegram als Herausforderung für die Plattformregulierung
Authors: Wagner Eva Ellen
Published: November 2022

Ces dernières années, il a été de plus en plus reconnu que le service de messagerie Telegram possède un pouvoir structurel grâce au soutien de publics partiels et présente des facettes d'un réseau social qui devraient être traitées de manière appropriée par la réglementation. L'article suivant traite de la question de savoir dans quelle mesure le cadre réglementaire actuel des services de communication offre des possibilités d'imposer et de faire respecter des obligations de modération et de suppression liées au contenu. A cette fin, le service en tant que tel et les différents modes de communication qu'il permet sont d'abord examinés plus en détail. Sur cette base, il est ensuite possible de procéder à une classification juridique des modalités d'utilisation décrites dans les différents concepts de réglementation du droit des médias et de la communication. Il apparaîtra clairement que toutes les approches réglementaires actuelles liées à la gestion du contenu présupposent une volonté fondamentale de coopération de la part des opérateurs de plateforme, qui peut ensuite être renforcée par des incitations économiques. Par conséquent, indépendamment des problèmes de classification factuelle existants, l'inefficacité du cadre réglementaire, que l'on peut actuellement observer en ce qui concerne Telegram en particulier, est également due au fait que l'opérateur du service ne conçoit pas encore l'espace de communication fourni selon des rationalités économiques, et que les potentiels d'autorégulation basés sur cela ne peuvent donc pas être utilisés. Les défis qui en découlent et les solutions possibles sont également discutés.
The Efficacy of Melatonin and Clonidine in Preventing Emergence Delirium in the Elderly Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery, Neurosurgery, and General Surgery: A Placebo-controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Esmaeili Aliakbar , Fanoodi Ali , Ebrahimi Amirhossein , Zangoue Malihe , Khojasteh-Kaffash Soroush
Published: November 2022

Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a complication after surgeries due to general anesthesia. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin and clonidine, which are hypothesized to have a curative effect on ED. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, three-way parallel clinical trial was performed in Imam Reza Hospital in Birjand, Iran in 2019 - 2020 who were selected using convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria were age > 65 years and preoperative Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) score ≥ 8. The exclusion criteria were suffering from any chronic diseases. Participants were divided into 3 groups: Placebo, clonidine, and melatonin groups who received placebo, 100 μg clonidine, and 5 mg melatonin, respectively. A first dose was administered at bedtime before surgery, a second dose 90 minutes before the procedure. An AMT and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) were administered to determine ED. Results: This study included 150 patients with a mean and standard deviation of 74.6 ± 6.8 years. According to AMT and MMSE, there was no significant difference in the level of ED between groups on the first, second, and third days after surgery (P > 0.05). Emergence delirium levels in the clonidine and melatonin groups were lower than in the placebo group. According to AMT and MMSE, ED was not significantly correlated gender, age, and type of surgery. Emergence delirium was significantly associated with postoperative bleeding and electrolyte disturbance (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Melatonin and clonidine did not affect the occurrence of ED in the elderly undergoing surgery, but these medications could slightly reduce their occurrence.
SOSIALISASI TERHADAP ORANG TUA PENTINGNYA PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH DASAR LINGKUNGAN RW 8 KELURAHAN MANDALA
Authors: Syahfitriani Ginting  , Rival Hanip  , Sri Hanipah
Published: November 2022

Character education in today's era is very important to be applied to elementary school children. Character education is an effort that is applied to instill religious, moral, ethical values ​​in elementary school children through science, assisted by parents, teachers, and the community. This service aims to socialize to parents as the first environment for a child to get an education, how important it is to instill character education values ​​starting at an early age and especially in children at elementary school age. This community service is carried out in RW 8, Mandala Village, Merauke District, Mareauke Regency. This activity is carried out in 3 parts where in each part it uses the lecture method and question and answer discussion with parents. The results of this training are 1) increased understanding of parents about the importance of character education for elementary school children. 2) the increasing desire of parents to implement character education for children in elementary schools
Stylohyoid Syndrome: Case Report
Authors: Poghosyan Yuri , Hakobyan Koryun
Published: November 2022

The stylohyoid syndrome remains a little-known and understudied disease. The complexity of diagnosing the disease is due to the variety of clinical manifestations. An example of a clinical case describes the identification and removal of the right styloid process of the temporal bone through retromandibular access. Based on the results the surgery, it was concluded that the method of the performed operation is not traumatic and can be easily performed. It can be used in the treatment of stylohyoid syndrome as a method of choice
Efficacy of Endoscopic sinus surgery for associated with filling material of the maxillary sinus, simultaneous sinus-lifting and dental implantation
Authors: Khachatryan Levon , Khachatryan Grigor , Gharibyan Arayik , Gevorgyan Sona , Hakobyan Gagik
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Optimization of the sinus-lifting in patients with filling material in maxillary sinus cavity by a one-stage endonasal endoscopic elimination of the sinuspathology and carrying out a sinus-lifting.
Materials and methods: A total of 28 patients (12 males and 16 females, the age was 31 to 64 years, from 2016 to 2022) with ridge defects in age group were selected for the study. All patients had a partially or totally edentulous atrophied posterior maxilla. All patients underwent a thorough clinical examination according to a generally accepted scheme.For sinus surgery, used endoscope is 4.0 mm diameter rigid endoscope (Karl Storz). The fungal material, and hypertrophic mucosa within the maxillary sinus were
removed and sent for pathological analysis.Sinus lifting procedures were performed using a lateral window approach.
A total of 34 sinus lifting procedures were performed, using a mixture of bovine bone, autogenous bone and PRP. According to our surgical procedure we performed in our patients 1 a 2 stage sinus lifting, 98 implants were inserted.
Dental prosthetic rehabilitation was undertaken 5 months after implants insertion and submerged healing.
Implant success was assessed clinically and radiographically. The height of the graft and bone density was measured 6th and 9th month after surgery using serial CT.
The following parameters were assessed: failure of the augmentation procedure, implant failure, and vertical bone height.
Results: Any intraoperative and postoperative complications, such asbleeding, membrane perforation, swelling, ecchymosis, pain, nasal bleeding, and infection, were recorded clinically and radiographically. Of the 98 implants placed in these 28 patients, 3 failed to osseointegrate. The CT examination showed the presence of dense bone around and above the implants. The implants appeared to be well integrated with no peri-implant bone loss. At 6 years follow up, excellent integration of grafted tissue, steady levels of bone around the implants and healthy peri-implant tissues were reported. Implants placed in the reconstructed areas were demonstrated to integrate normally, postoperative occlusal function and esthetics have been favorable.
Conclusion: The method of simultaneous endonasal sanitation of the maxillary sinus, sinus-lifting, dental implantation, allows to reduce the probability of perforation of the membrane, significantly shortening the rehabilitation period of patients with insufficient bone tissue in the maxillary sinus. These methods led to simpler, more comfortable, lower risks of morbidity, more predictable compared to more invasive maxillary
sinus augmentation
Use Of CAD/CAM-Manufactured Patient-Specific Implants for the Reconstruction of Cranial Defects:Case Report
Authors: Misakyan Martin , Burnazyan Seda , Mkhitaryan Gurgen , Pogosyan Anna
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this clinical report is to evaluate the clinical performance of customized titanium implants (PSI) using virtual 3D planning and computer-assisted implant fabrication (CAD/CAM process) and based on preoperative CT data, the placement accuracy and the risk of postoperative complications. This work has shown that 3D printed titanium base implants can significantly improve the outcomes of patients requiring skull reconstruction surgery. By choosing the appropriate design method, manufacturing process, and implant
material, you can get a more accurate procedure, reduce surgery time, prevent various complications that can occur with the traditional method, and get predictable results compared to the traditional method.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ИНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ И АППАРАТНЫХ
МЕТОДОВ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ЦВЕТА ЗУБОВ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ) / COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONVENTIONAL VISUAL METHODS AND INSTRUMENTAL DIGITAL METHODS FOR TOOTH COLOR DETERMINATION
Authors: Khasasna M. , Akulovich A.
Published: November 2022

Shade matching in is a challenging step and major objective in esthetic and restorative dentistry. On many occasions, production of the accurate, target color will not be achieved due to errors in registration of the target color, or errors in composing the appropriate color of the restoration in the dental laboratory. Thus, the accurate
and correct shade matching of tooth and restoration is is one of the most important quality criteria for the patient and the key to successful results for the dentist.
Conclusion: Spectrophotometers, colorimeters, intraoral scanners and imaging systems are useful and relevant tools for tooth color measurement and analysis, and for quality control of color reproduction. Combination of visual and instrumental methods of tooth color determination will complement each other and can lead towards predictable esthetic results .
Gurumon gurumayum, a new genus and new species of freshwater crab (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India
Authors: Pati Sameer K.
Published: November 2022

A new genus and new species of potamid crab, Gurumon gurumayum gen. et sp. nov., are described from the Arunachal Pradesh State of northeastern India. Gurumon gen. nov. has affinities with Abormon Mitra, Pati & Ng, 2021, Pararanguna Dai & Chen, 1985, and some species of Potamiscus Alcock, 1909, but the new genus can easily be differentiated from them mainly by its low external orbital angle, the relatively stouter exopod of the third maxilliped, and the relatively broader male pleonal somite 6. Their male first gonopods are also different from each other. Counting Gurumon gurumayum gen. et sp. nov., India is currently known for ten genera and 24 species of potamiscine freshwater crabs, and Arunachal Pradesh for eight genera and 11 species of these crabs. The current nomenclatural problems with Potamiscus are also discussed.
The proces of establishing Xenocracy in Balkan states during 19th century
Authors: Milošević Miroslav
Published: November 2022

The beginning of the 19th century was marked by the awakening of national liberation movements in the Balkan peninsula. This process was initiate by the Serbian revolution at 1804. These events launched more rebellion movements in Balkan against the Ottoman Empire. The Eastern Question was interested by the great powers in Europe: Russia, Great Britain, Austria-Hungary and France. All this states wanted to have in their hands Eastern Question. One way to do these was to appoint rulers from domestic dynasties in foreign courts. In that way, the first monarch in Greece was from the Bavarian dynasty. Another one was from dynasty Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. In Romania was the rulers from the dynasty Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. The Bulgarian monarch was from the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha family. In the beginning on their rule, this monarch was not so popular, because they were from foreign countries. However, after some time, most of them adapted to the domestic public and culture in country were they ruled. King George of Greece was ruled fifty years, Romanian king Carol ruled from the 1866. to the 1914, and Bulgarian monarch Ferdinand I was ruled 32 years. The first king of Greece Otto, represents a ruler who came to the throne in an ungrateful and difficult period. He was not popular because he had no children and also was not political ADEPT. He is remembered as the king who loved Greek culture and wear the Greek national clothes to the death. Alexander Battenberg was the Bulgarian king who came in the throne with Russian help. Also like king Otto, Alexander was not political ADEPT and his rule was short. These data show us that the process of xenocracy was successful after all.
The natural occurrence of Penicillium spp. metabolites in maize kernels originating from Serbia
Authors: Kos Jovana , Janić-Hajnal Elizabet , Malachová Alexandra , Krska Rudolf , Sulyok Michael
Published: November 2022

Maize can be contaminated with a wide range of fungal secondary metabolites that decrease the quality and safety of maize and maize-derived products. The increase of natural fungal metabolites occurrence in maize, influenced by climate changes, is recognized as a significant issue in recent years. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of weather conditions on the natural occurrence of Penicillium spp. metabolites in maize kernel samples. The survey was conducted for two maize vegetation seasons 2016 and 2017. In total 458 maize samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The samples originated from the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, and regions of Bačka, Srem, and Banat. Among 45 Penicillium metabolites investigated 16 and 18 were detected in samples from 2016 and 2017, respectively. The most commonly occurring Penicillium metabolite in both years was oxaline, which was detected in more than 90% of analyzed samples. Questiomycin A, 7hydroxypestalotin, pestalotin, and mycophenolic acid were also very frequently detected Penicillium metabolites. This is one of the unique studies in the Republic of Serbia, as well as in this part of Europe, investigating the occurrence of a great number of Penicillium metabolites in maize samples.
Multiplicity in unity: The mystical unity of existence in Mulla Sadra's al-Shawahid al-Rububiyyah
Authors: Agha Shiraz
Published: November 2022

Mystics from all religions have spoken about a unity in existence. They clearly state that there is really only one being that exists in this Universe, i.e. God. At the same time, they have not denied the multiplicity of creatures that appear to us. These two apparently contradictory statements seem to be apparently contradictory to one another. Metaphysics is a discipline that is concerned with existence. For this reason, they take these mystical utterances seriously and often discuss them in their philosophical investigations from various points of view. The mystics have not attempted to prove their claims using rational proofs. Rather, they claim to have directly witnessed the unity of existence in their mystical visions. As a purely rational discipline, philosophy has made attempts to prove this claim of the mystics and to reconcile any apparent contradictions that might exist in their statements. One of the philosophers who made great progress in this area was Mulla Sadra. Mulla Sadra was of the opinion that it is indeed possible to prove that it is only God that truly exists in the Universe with this contradicting the existence of His creatures. He was of the opinion that this unity manifests itself at two levels of being. At a higher level, there is a multiplicity in unity and, at a lower one, there is a unity in multiplicity. Mulla Sadra proves the higher level of unity using a philosophical principle called the Principle of the Simple Reality. He proves the lower level of unity using the idea that the existence of an effect is a copulative being with respect to its cause. At the same time, Mulla Sadra affirms that both of these levels of existence are levels of one individual being. This paper seeks to explain Mulla Sadra's theory of the unity of being at the level of multiplicity in unity as he described it in his famous philosophical treatise, al-Shawahid al-Rububiyyah.
Ontological analysis of faith in Islamic philosophy
Authors: Halilović Tehran
Published: November 2022

The term faith has different meanings. Belief in religious ideas or in general cognitive judgments is the meaning that will be discussed in more detail in this paper. Given the exceptional importance of faith in designing a person's life, even in a non-religious aspect, we will explore different dimensions of this human phenomenon in the Islamic tradition. Given that theological debates do not talk about the essence of faith but about its relationship with human actions, we have paid attention to Islamic philosophers and their ontological view of faith so as to present the essential properties of faith. The names of man's cognitive powers relating to the origin of belief are not the same in all Islamic scientific disciplines and are based on different descriptions of the human cognitive system. The mind and the heart are the two most frequently mentioned powers from which man's belief originates, and according to the Qur'anic text and Islamic traditions, they have enough common properties to be marked as the highest level of not only human knowledge but also of being. In Islamic philosophy the intellect is a supramaterial being that does not depend on matter either in its being or in its actions.
Study and analysis of the functions of al-Urf in understanding and inferring the religious rules
Authors: Andalib Hossein , Mohammadzadeh Ali , Mahdi Akbari
Published: November 2022

Religious rules in Shiite jurisprudence are inferred from the four sources of the Qur'an, Sunnah, reason and consensus. But, in addition to these sources, some foundations such as common law (al-urf) are also mentioned. Referring to common law is widely used in the words of jurists. Based on it, the question arises here: what are the roles of common law and Irtikazat in common law in understanding and inferring the religious rules? This article seeks to answer this question and tries to study and analyze the functions of common law in understanding and inferring the religious rules. The research hypothesis is that common law and Irtikazat in common law are used in understanding the words of religious arguments, subjecting and de-subjecting of common law for the religious documents, proving or denying some rights and other issues that are used by jurists and lawyers in the process of inferencing. One of the findings of the present study is that most scholars of the Islamic jurisprudence and law have not distinguished between these two foundations. But, it is more correct that common law is considered from the category of objective matter in the practical life of people, while Irtikazat in common law are from the category of subjective matter.
The importance of education of patients with migraine
Authors: Krstić Milica , Trbović Verica , Jovanović Vesna , Ivanković Ivana , Savković Gordana , Majstorović Biljana , Dimoski Zvonko
Published: November 2022

Migraine is a type of headache with recurring attacks of unilateral pulsating pain of high intensity. It is accompanied by photophobia, phonophobia and nausea and/or vomiting. Migraine treatment is very complex because often it is not possible to apply only one medicine that will relieve the pain for a long period of time. Aim of this work is to investigate the most common problems of patients with migraine and the impact of patient education on their quality of life. The method of systematic presentation of the research of other researchers was applied. The databases Scindeks, Hrcak, Google schoolar, Scielo, BMJ were searched. According to the results of numerous studies, the most common migraine triggers are alcohol, smells, emotional disturbances, stress, fatigue, lack of sleep and hormonal changes. The most pronounced problems of migraine patients are moderate to severe pain, throbbing pain, sensitivity to light, sensitivity to sounds, nausea and vomiting during a migraine attack. The reviewed studies show that education (about migraine, triggers, headache attacks, therapy, self-care) for patients with migraine is very useful for improving their health and quality of life. Health care of migraine patients should be based on individual problems and care needs because only in this way can better control of headaches and greater functionality of patients be encouraged. Care, therapy and education help prevent migraine attacks and improve quality of life.
Teachers' attitudes towards the prevalence of bullying and the specific characteristics of victims
Authors: Manić Iva , Marković Marija
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Bullying is a phenomenon that implies an imbalance of power between peers. It refers to situations where there are repeated verbal and physical attacks, social exclusion, and emotional, psychological, and sexual abuse of one student by another/ other students, where the victim did not cause such behavior of the bully. Objective. The objective of this research was to determine teachers' attitudes towards the representation of certain forms of bullying and the specific characteristics of the victims. Methods. The sample consisted of 109 teachers from six primary and secondary schools in Pirot. A five-point Likert-type evaluation scale, designed for the purpose of the research, was used for data collection. Results. The research results show that verbal bullying is the most frequently observed form of bullying among students. Also, based on the teacher's views, it can be concluded that any student can become a victim of bullying, regardless of their specific characteristics. Conclusion. Verbal bullying was identified as the most pronounced form of bullying, while the specifics of students were not singled out as a risk factor at the individual level. Due to the fact that certain forms of bullying are more difficult to be noticed by adults, as well as the possibility that any student can become a victim of peer violence, the preventive action of the school, family, and other subsystems important for the upbringing and education of children is of great importance in preventing this phenomenon.
Effect of mentorship on regular teachers' selfefficacy towards implementation of inclusive education at basic education level
Authors: Adaka Terfa , Adigun Olufemi , Lalu James , Mngomezulu Thanduxolo
Published: November 2022

Impaired teachers' self-efficacy has contributed to delays in the implementation of inclusive education in Nigeria. Unfortunately, several efforts established towards ensuring the actualization of the Salamanca Declaration in Nigeria are yet to produce desired results. Although some past studies identified a mentor-mentee approach as a model that promotes the efficient implementation of established policies, paucity of research evidence exists on the implication of mentor-mentee approaches on the construction of teachers' self-efficacy for inclusive education, particularly at the basic level of education. Objectives. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mentorship on in-service regular teachers' self-efficacy towards the implementation of inclusive education at the basic education level in Gombe State, Nigeria. Methods. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted for the study, while a purposive sampling technique was used to select 42 participants aged between 20 and 45 (M = 33.90, SD = 6.35) from two local government areas of the Gombe South Senatorial District. Participants were assigned to treatment and control groups, with 21 participants in each group. The Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (a = .81) was used for data collection. Data collected was analysed with an independent sample t-test. Results. Findings showed the efficacy of a mentoring training program on the self-efficacy of in-service regular teachers towards effective implementation of inclusive education at the basic level of education. Also, male and older teachers had higher self-efficacy for the implementation of Inclusive education at the basic education level. Conclusion. Mentorship programs significantly facilitate the achievement of inclusive education, particularly at the basic level of education. Welldesigned mentorship programs for early career in-service regular teachers would equip them with an orientation that would guide them towards effective implementation of inclusive education at the basic level of education. Based on the outcome of the study appropriate mentorship strategy for novice teachers was recommended.
Preparation of people with autism for thyroid scintigraphy
Authors: Glumbić Nenad , Đorđević Mirjana , Brojčin Branislav , Matović Milovan
Published: November 2022

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often accompanied by various co-morbid conditions, among other things, thyroid diseases. One of the frequently used diagnostic methods to determine the appearance and function of the thyroid gland is scintigraphy. Although thyroid scintigraphy is routinely performed at Clinics for Nuclear Medicine, preparation for nuclear imaging can be very complex from the perspective of people with autism and the experts who support them. Many people with autism have trypanophobia (fear of needles), which is why they have to be specially prepared for venipuncture, during which radiopharmaceutical is injected into the organism. In addition, nuclear imaging with a gamma camera, though completely painless, can be very demanding for a patient with autism who must remain still, without speaking and vocalising during the entire imaging. Clinical staff may also face difficulties in implementing all other stages of this diagnostic procedure. Therefore, this paper proposes a set of evidence-based interventions that can be used to prepare people with autism for thyroid scintigraphy. Techniques of gradual exposure, extinction, reinforcement, modelling, and writing social stories, belonging to the category of focused interventions for people with autism, are proposed.
Price sensitivity testing as a basic tool for strategic pricing decisions
Authors: Kintler Jakub , Remeňová Katarína , Kmety Barteková
Published: November 2022

Background: Data-driven decisions in each functional area of management, through all of the strategic levels, in the present time of dynamic changes in geopolitical and market conditions are necessary to achieve corporate (economic and social) goals, in line with securing future business success and sustainability. Because of this business need, we will focus in our research paper on price management, which can be seen as a supportive tool for strategic decisions, where competent decisions should be based on data-driven pricing decisions. Purpose: The aim of the research study is to identify what price consumers are prepared to pay for a new food product in a relatively saturated foreign market. The research study was conducted in the milk chocolate bar market segment. Study design: We applied the van Westendorp price sensitivity test to identify the range of acceptable prices for a product that is willing to enter a new foreign market. For this purpose, we used a milk chocolate bar product currently unknown in the Slovak market. Findings: In addition to the van Westendorp price sensitivity measurement, we used a non-parametric Mann Whitney U test to confirm the hypothesis that chocolate tasting will increase the likelihood of customers to pay a higher price for the tested product. The hypothesis mentioned above was statistically confirmed. Limitations: It is necessary to monitor customer reactions to a given price level and be prepared to optimize it. We did not address this part of the analysis in identifying a price that would be acceptable to consumers in terms of value perception, due to the scope of the study.
Causa of contractual obligations as a precondition for valid formation of a mutually binding contract
Authors: Manić Samir
Published: November 2022

The causa of a contractual obligation is one of the most obscure and controver-sial institutes of the civil law of obligations. The emergence of this institute may be traced back to Roman law but the concept of causa was first systematically present by the French jurist Jean Domat, who is considered to be the founder of the classical theory of causa. Under the influence of the French Civil Code, the Serbian legal order falls into causalistic legal orders. In Serbian law, the basic and most important provisions on causa are contained in relevant articles of the Civil Obligations Act which refer to the legal ground of contractual obligation and the motive for concluding a contract. In this Act, the legislator adopted the so-called objective-subjective understanding of causa. Although the expectations from the causa perceived in the objective sense may have been high, its inclusion among the prerequisites for valid formation of a binding contract had almost no effect on the judicial practice. In this paper, the author analyzes the usefulness of both concepts of causa of contractual obligations in mutually binding contracts . Considering the fact that there is no common agreement in legal theory on the concept of this civil law institute, the first part of the paper is presents the theories on the causa of a contractual obligation. The central part of the paper examines the usefulness of the causa of a contractual obligation as a precondition for valid formation of mutually binding contracts.
Expanding the scope of the obligation of the state to protect the right to life of persons under its jurisdiction according to the recent jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Ilić Ivan
Published: November 2022

The right to life is indisputably the most important human right. It is safeguarded in almost all international human rights conventions which envisage the right to life before all other rights. Thus, in the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms (ECHR), the right to life is enshrined in Article 2, which provides for the protection of this right and obligations stemming thereof. Under Article 2, a State is obliged to refrain from violating the right to life by the actions of its state bodies. On the other hand, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has established additional obligations for states, aimed at protecting human rights. One of them is the positive obligation which implies taking measures by the State in order to protect the right to life from the actions of third parties, which are not state bodies. According to the so-called Osman test, when asked to establish whether there has been a violation of Article 2 of the Convention, the Court will examine whether the State was aware of the existence of a real and imminent risk to life, which the State knew or could have known of, and whether the State had undertaken adequate measures to eliminate that risk. The Court's case law also recognizes the principle that the Convention is to be interpreted as a "living instrument", in light of contemporary circumstances. By applying this principle, the Court has expanded the scope of the positive obligation of the State to protect the right to life of persons under its jurisdiction, which is evident in the recent practice of the Court. First, based on the Mastromatteo and Maiorano cases, the Court has established the criterion that there shall be a risk to society, instead of a risk to the life of a specific or at least identifiable person. Then, based on the Bljakaj case, the Court introduced an additional criterion of "a critical moment in the development of events" which the State clearly identified as bearing a risk to human life. Finally, in the case of Kotilainen and Others v. Finland, the Court introduced the criterion of "due diligence". In this paper, the author analyzes the case law of the Court in an attempt to determine the actual limits of the positive obligation to protect the right to life. The author also seeks to establish whether the Court views on the scope of the positive obligation in the recent case law are in line with other previously established principles and positions in the ECtHR jurisprudence. Upon the analysis, the author concludes that the limits of the positive obligation to protect the right to life have already been determined in certain sentences from the Court's judgments. Thus, it is unnecessary to introduce additional and insufficiently specified criteria, which can negatively affect legal certainty and impose an excessive burden on state authorities.
Health Assessment Measurements Quality Assurance Program :
Authors: Barber Charles A , Burdette Carolyn Q , Hayes Hugh V , Johnson Monique E , Kotoski Shaun P , Murray Jacolin A , Phillips Melissa M , Rimmer Catherine A , Wood Laura J , Yarberry Andrea J
Published: November 2022

The Health Assessment Measurements Quality Assurance Program (HAMQAP) was launched in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) in 2017. HAMQAP was established to enable laboratories to improve the accuracy of measurements in samples that represent human intake (e.g., foods, dietary supplements, tobacco) and samples that represent human metabolism (e.g., blood, serum, plasma, urine) for demonstration of proficiency and/or compliance with various regulations. Analytes are paired where possible to represent the full spectrum of health assessment. Exercise 6 of this program offered the opportunity for laboratories to assess their in house measurements of nutritional elements (chlorine, iodine, chromium, molybdenum, and selenium), toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury), contaminants (chlorate and perchlorate, glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)), water-soluble vitamins (biotin and vitamin C), fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A and E), fatty acids (select omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids), botanicals (anthocyanidins), natural products (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline), and proximates (fat, protein, carbohydrates, solids, ash, and calories) in foods and dietary supplements, and corresponding biomarkers/metabolites in clinical specimens (human red blood cells).
DISTRIBUTED TEMPERATURE SENSORS SYSTEM. FIELD TESTS ON EARTH DAM
Authors: SANCHEZ CATALAN JUAN CARLOS , MUÑOZ NAVASCUES OSCAR , RUSSO BENIAMINO , ACERO OLIETE ALEJANDRO , Paindelli Andrea
Published: November 2022

The present paper examines the use of optical fiber as a distributed temperature sensor to detect leaks in earth dams. This real-time data acquisition technique complements current auscultation systems and improves monitoring of these critical infrastructures. The aim of this paper is to provide a practical illustration of this novel and promising technique and, particularly, of the precautions to consider to correctly deploy the sensor elements. For this last purpose, this document describes the field tests carried out on the Yesa dam in February 2017 and propose best practices concerning the implementation of the system.

Keywords: Dam auscultation; Distributed temperature sensor; DTS; leak detection; earth dams