bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Methyl-Enriched Diet Normalizes Characteristics of the Sleep–Wake Cycle and Sleep Spindles in Adult Offspring of WAG/Rij Rats with Genetic Absence Epilepsy
Authors: Gabova A. V. , Sarkisova K. Yu.
Published: April 2024

It has been previously shown that the perinatal maternal methyl-enriched diet (MED) reduces the number of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) and behavioral symptoms of depression in the adult offspring of WAG/Rij rats. Epilepsy and depression are usually accompanied by disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle. SWDs and sleep spindles are different manifestations of thalamocortical activity It is assumed that pathological alterations in the thalamocortical system that lead to SWD also change the sleep spindles. It is possible that the maternal MED has a positive effect not only on the SWD, but also on the sleep spindles. The purpose of this work is to find out whether maternal MED affects the sleep-wake cycle and whether it changes the characteristics of sleep spindles in adult offspring of WAG/Rij rats. It has been shown that in the offspring of WAG/Rij rats born to mothers who consumed MED during the perinatal period compared to the offspring whose mothers consumed control diet (CD), the relative duration of REM sleep significantly increases. In the offspring of WAG/Rij rats whose mothers consumed MED, the relative duration of REM sleep and the number of its episodes become indistinguishable from those in non-epileptic Wistar rats. Maternal MED also increases the number of transitions from slow-wave to REM sleep. There is a significant negative correlation between the number of SWDs and the duration of REM sleep. Maternal MED compare to CD decreased the amplitude and spectral power density of sleep spindles. They became much closer to the amplitude and spectral power of density of sleep spindles in Wistar rats. Thus, maternal MED normalizes characteristics of the sleep-wake cycle and sleep spindles in adult offspring of WAG/Rij rats. We hypothesize that this positive effect is associated with a reduction in the symptoms of absence epilepsy and comorbid depression, as well as with the correction of the activity of the thalamocortical system.
The Involvement of Acetylcholine and Na+,K+-ATPase in the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Growth
Authors: Lopatina E. V. , Gavrichenko A. V. , Pasatetckaia N. A.
Published: April 2024

Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the discussion of the trophic function of the nervous system and its participation in the launch of signaling cascades regulating cellular metabolism. The role of acetylcholine and Na+,K+-ATPase in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth in 10–12-day-old chicken embryos under conditions of organotypic tissue culture was evaluated. The maximum trophotropic effect of acetylcholine was shown in a concentration 10–8 M. Inhibitory analysis proved the participation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in this effect. Ouabain dose-dependent regulated the growth of skeletal muscle tissue explants. In concentrations comparable to endogenous ones, the glycoside stimulated the growth of experimental explants by 33% compared to the control value. The myotoxic properties of ouabain were found in the concentration range 10–6–10–4 M. Acetylcholine eliminated the myotoxic effect of the ouabain (10–6 M) both directly acting on the Na+,K+-ATPase, and the receptor-mediated through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
The Role of the Superoxide Radical in the Regulation of the KV-Channels Function in the Coronary Vessels Following Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Lazuko S. S. , Belyaeva L. E. , Kuzhel O. P.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the research was to study the contribution of the superoxide radical (\({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\centerdot - }}\)) to the mechanisms of the coronary KV-channels functional activity impairment in rats with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study was performed on 117 outbred white male rats (Rattus, Muridae weighing 210–240 g). To reproduce the experimental analogue of PTSD, the modified model of “a predator presence imitation” was applied (contact with cats’ excrements for 10 days, 15 minutes daily). The PTSD development was confirmed by behavioral changes of affected animals in the “Open Field” test. The coronary vessels’ tone was studied on the isolated by the Langendorf’s method isotonically contracted hearts, which were perfused under constant flow with Krebs–Henseleit solution. The contribution of \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\centerdot - }}\) to the coronary vascular tone regulation was studied by infusion of the superoxide radical “scavenger” Tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid) in the perfusion solution. The functional activity of KV-channels was assessed by the degree of increase in the coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) in response to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a blocker of KV-channels. To elucidate the role of \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\centerdot - }}\) in the KV‑channels functional activity of coronary vessels, Tiron and 4-AP were infused in the perfusion solution. The concentration of diene conjugates (DCs), malondialdehyde (MDA), C‑reactive protein (C-RP) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) as well as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected in the blood serum of experimental animals. The CPP in the isolated rats’ hearts after PTSD was 30% lower at coronary flow rate 10 mL/min compared to the control group. Under the influence of 4-AP, CPP increased by 70% and by 24% in the “Control” and “PTSD” groups, respectively. Under influence of Tiron, the CPP in the “PTSD” group at coronary flow rate 10 mL/min was 52% lower than in the control. In the “PTSD + Tiron + 4-AP” group the CPP augmentation (71.5%) was comparable to that in the hearts of the “Control” group after 4-AP exposure. The IL-1β, C-RP, DCs and MDA concentration in the blood serum of rats with PTSD was 3, 1.6, 3.3 and 3.6 times higher than in the control rats’ blood serum, while SOD and CAT activity was by 27 and 59% lower, compared to control, respectively. In the course of the investigation, it was found that \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\centerdot - }}\) overproduction due to oxidative stress might be an important mechanism of a poststressor “channelopathy”, which is characterized by the decreased functional activity of the KV-channels of coronary vessels following PTSD.
Research of the Expression of IL-13 Receptors and IL-13R Genes in the Bronch of Rats with Ovalbumin-Induced Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Blazhevich L. E. , Smirnova O. E. , Kirilina V. M. , Maslyukov P. M.
Published: April 2024

This article presents the results of studies of the levels of expression of the IL13R gene and the levels of expression of the molecular IL13R in the bronchi of control rats and rats with ovalbumin-induced asthma. The choice of these receptors is due to the great importance of these structures in the pathogenesis of allergic bronchial asthma. Biological materials of 64 Wistar rats were studied using real-time PCR and immunohistochemical methods. As a result of the studies, it was found that under conditions of asthma development in the tissues of the bronchi of rats, a pronounced expression of the IL13R genes, a significant expression of the molecular receptor for interleukin-13, occurs. In bronchi with an intramural ganglion (bifurcation zone), the level of IL13R gene expression and the level of expression of the IL13R molecular receptor were significantly higher than in tracheal samples without ganglia. Sodium cromoglycate, administered to rats 5 hours after the last inhalation of ovalbumin, led to a decrease in the mRNA content in the bronchi of animals compared to animals that did not receive mast cell stabilizer treatment.
Electrical Stimulation of the Spinal Cord as a Method of Regulation Walking Kinematics in Post-Stroke Patients
Authors: Bogacheva I. N. , Shcherbakova N. A. , Moshonkina T. R. , Grishin A. A. , Skvortsov D. V. , Kaurkin S. N. , Gerasimenko Yu. P.
Published: April 2024

Multisegmental transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (sсTS), affecting spinal neural networks and motor pools of leg muscles, was used to correct treadmill walking in stroke patients. The study involved 15 patients in the recovery period after acute cerebrovascular accidents. A noninvasive spinal neuroprosthesis with a multichannel stimulator and a system for detecting phases of the walking cycle (“Cosima”, Russia) was used to activate motor pools of leg flexor muscles in the transfer phase, activation of motor pools of extensor muscles in the stance phase in combination with continuous activation of spinal locomotor networks. Using of sсTS during walking on a treadmill increased the amplitude of movements in the ankle joint and the length of the step cycle on the paresis side, as well as decreased the asymmetry of both legs in the phases of the step. The height of the paretic leg lift increased in 80% of patients. With a combination of continuous and phase-dependent stimulation, the increase in the range of motion in the joints was maximal compared to phase-dependent or only constant stimulation. The obtained data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm of the sсTS modulates the parameters of walking movements in patients with the consequences of cerebral circulation accidents and can be considered as a promising method of motor rehabilitation.
Influence of the Infant Feeding on the Taxonomy of the Gut Microbiome and the Trefoil Factors Level in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Shestopalov A. V. , Kolesnikova I. M. , Savchuk D. V. , Teplyakova E. D. , Shin V. A. , Grigoryeva T. V. , Naboka Yu. L. , Gaponov A. M. , Roumiantsev S. A.
Published: April 2024

Changes in the gut microbiome are recognized as an important component of obesity in both adults and children. One factor in the gut microbiome formation is the infant feeding type, which may also have a prolonged effect on the microbial community. Breast milk contributes to the formation of mucosal tolerance to the intestinal microbiota. In turn, trefoil factors (TFF2 and TFF3) are important components of the mucosal barrier. The aim was to study the composition of the gut microbiota and the trefoil factors level in the blood of children and adolescents with obesity, depending on the infant feeding type. The study included 93 non-obese children (Group 1) and 92 obese children (Group 2). Serum TFF2 and TFF3 levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay in each study participant. The taxonomic composition of the fecal microbiome was determined by metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In general, the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota in Groups 1 and 2 was similar. However, Group 2 had less by [Prevotella], Epulopiscium and Haemophilus and more by Clostridium and Catenibacterium. Neither obesity nor the infant feeding type of influenced the serum concentration of TFF2 and TFF3. However, the infant feeding has a prolonged effect on the gut microbiota, and in Group 2 this effect was less pronounced. In Group 1, breastfeeding led to the formation of a complete mucosal tolerance to the microbiome, which did not occur with mixed and bottle feeding. In Group 2, most of the “TFFs–gut microbiome” associations were positive, indicating an unfavorable interaction between intestinal wall and microbiome in obese children and adolescents. Thus, infant feeding type seems to be a weak but significant factor in the gut microbiome formation in children and adolescents, which also affects the formation of mucosal tolerance to the intestinal microbiota.
The Influence of Hibernation on Electrical Activity and Potassium Currents in Myocardium of Long-Tailed Ground Squirrel
Authors: Filatova T. S. , Abramochkin D. V.
Published: April 2024

Hibernating mammals are capable of reducing the temperature of their bodies down to 0°C. During this process, their heart is highly resistant to the occurrence of arrhythmias caused by temperature fall. In this research we have for the first-time studied potassium currents in the myocardium of a hibernating mammal on the example of long-tailed ground squirrel (Citellus undulatus) and its change upon hibernation. Using patch clamp method, we studied transient outward current Ito and background inward rectifier current IK1 in isolated ventricular and atrial myocytes from summer (active) and winter (hibernating) ground squirrels. The study revealed, that at room temperature and at positive holding potentials peak amplitude of Ito in cardiomyocytes from hibernating group of animals is lower than that of the summer group. The downregulation of Ito upon hibernation was more pronounced in ventricular myocardium in comparison to that in atrial. Background inward rectifier current IK1 was enhanced in ventricular myocardium of winter group of animals, upon the adaptation to hibernation. In atrial myocardium there were no statistically significant differences of IK1 between the two groups. We also recorded action potentials in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. The duration of action potentials at the levels of 50 and 90% repolarization did not differ between the groups, we also did not find significant differences in maximum upstroke velocity and in the level of resting membrane potential. Taken together, the revealed differences in the amplitude of Ito and IK1 between active and hibernating ground squirrels can serve as mechanisms increasing the duration of refractory period and to maintaining the level of resting membrane potential at low temperatures.
Influence of Hormonal Stimulation on the Oocyte Chromosome Apparatus of the Common Frog
Authors: Bogolyubova I. O. , Bogolyubov D. S.
Published: April 2024

Late vitellogenic oocytes of the common frog, Rana temporaria, represent a promising model for studying the behavior of meiotic chromosomes, since at the diplotene stage, they unite into a karyosphere, which in R. temporaria is believed to have an extrachromosomal capsule – unlike in Xenopus laevis, a classic model object of cell biology and developmental biology. However, in comparison with Xenopus, the strict breeding seasonality of R. temporaria significantly limits the possibility of using its oocytes as an experimental model. By adapting classical hormonal stimulation protocols proposed for anurans including Xenopus, we were able to obtain R. temporaria oocytes with a fully developed karyosphere outside the breeding season, namely in December–January. We observed pronounced changes in the chromosomal apparatus of oocytes with a double injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at a dose of 500 IU. In this case, chromosomes undergo compaction and aggregation, leading to the formation of a characteristic chromosomal “knot” (karyosphere), the morphological features of which corresponded to those in R. temporaria oocytes at the beginning of the natural breeding season. Based on the proposed protocol for the use of hCG for out-of-season stimulation of oogenesis in R. temporaria, it can be further refined to obtain more stable results and improve the quality of oocytes.
5-HT2-Receptors and 5-HIAA – Therapeutic Targets for Evaluation of Severity, Progression and Effectiveness of Treatment in Immature Male Rats in a Monocrotalin Model of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Bilalova D. F. , Nigmatullina R. R. , Mustafin A. A.
Published: April 2024

Suppression of the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and the interaction of endothelial with smooth muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension (PH) are impaired. Participation of the 5-HT2a-receptor in the mitogenic effect on endothelial, and 5-HT2b-receptor – on vascular smooth muscle cells was revealed. The main organ that metabolizes serotonin is the lung. In the endothelial cells of the vessels of the lungs under the action of the enzyme monoamine oxidase And serotonin is converted to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), which is subsequently excreted in the urine. Currently, the role of 5-HT2-receptors is not taken into account in the treatment of children with pulmonary hypertension. We have modified the monocrotaline model of pulmonary hypertension for immature rats. A scheme for the administration of a 5-HT2-receptor blocker for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in immature rats was developed and tested. A positive correlation was found between the concentration of 5-HIAA in urine and the degree of pulmonary hypertension, which can become a potential marker of pulmonary hypertension. The data obtained indicate the development of pulmonary hypertension in immature rats after a single injection of monocrotaline in the form of replacement of lung tissue with fibrous tissue, the development of pneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis. Also, in animals in this model, changes in the structure of the heart muscle and vascular wall are formed with the development of fibrous tissue, which may indicate the involvement of 5HT2-receptors in the activation of fibroblasts and, accordingly, in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension.
Electric Field of the Heart on the Thorax Surface in Highly Trained Athletes during Initial Ventricular Activity
Authors: Ivonina N. I. , Roshchevskaya I. M.
Published: April 2024

The article is focused on the study of the electrical remodeling of the “sports heart” using multichannel ECG mapping to make a more detailed and informative analysis of the excitation of the myocardium remodeled by sport activity. The study of the heart electrical activity was carried out from 64 unipolar electrodes on the thorax surface synchronously with standard limb leads in highly trained cross-country skiers (n = 15) and young non-trained men (n = 19) at rest. The amplitude-temporal and spatiotemporal characteristics of the electric field of the heart were measured. By the typical distribution of areas of the negative and positive cardiac potentials the durations of depolarization and its individual phases were estimated. ECGII was used to determine the duration of the R-R, PQ (PR), QRS, QT, QTc intervals; in the unipolar lead V5 the R-wave peak time (RWPTV5) was measured. In athletes, the duration of PQII, QTII, QTcII, RWPTV5 intervals were statistically significantly longer than in non-trained men. Analysis of the electrical field of the heart showed a difference in the ratio of the phases of ventricular depolarization in athletes and non-trained individuals at rest. The onset of ventricular depolarization and the first inversion of cardiac potential in athletes were significantly earlier than in non-trained people, while the completion and total duration of the period of ventricular depolarization did not differ. In skiers, the duration of the first inversion was significantly longer than in non-trained individuals; a tendency to shortening of the second period of stable location of potentials on the thorax surface was also shown. The use of surface ECG mapping made it possible to reveal differences in the spatiotemporal organization of heart ventricular depolarization between cross-country skiers and non-trained men at rest. The results of the study may be useful in the analysis of the electrical remodeling of the heart in athletes training the physical quality of endurance.
The Na+/K+-ATPase Inhibitor Ouabain Has Different Effects on the Electrophysiological Properties of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons in the Entorhinal Cortex E
Authors: Proskurina E. Yu. , Sinyak D. S. , Zaitsev A. V.
Published: April 2024

Na+/K+-ATPase maintains the neuron’s resting potential and the transmembrane gradient of K+ and Na+ cations, thus regulating ion transport and cellular volume. Mutations in Na+/K+-ATPase genes that impair its function can cause significant impairments in the nervous system function, including the development of epilepsy, if not lethal. Different forms of Na+/K+-ATPase are expressed in various classes of neurons and exhibit different characteristics. Thus, the impaired function of Na+/K+-ATPase may differentially affect the functioning of inhibitory and excitatory neurons. This study aims to determine the effects of the Na+/K+-ATPase antagonist ouabain on the electrophysiological characteristics of pyramidal cells and fast-spiking interneurons, as well as its impact on synaptic transmission. The results indicate that exposure to 5 µM ouabain results in depolarization of the resting membrane potential by 5 mV, as well as decreased amplitude and increased duration of the action potential of pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, ouabain caused a decrease in the amplitude of afterhyperpolarization in fast-spiking i-nterneurons. Moreover, both types of neurons exhibited a decrease in the threshold of action potential generation and the current at which depolarization block occurs. The addition of ouabain did not alter other electrophysiological characteristics of neurons. Furthermore, ouabain rapidly attenuates GABAergic transmission without affecting e-xcitatory synaptic transmission. These new findings on the effects of ouabain on excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons contribute to the understanding of the mechanism underlying changes in the balance of excitation and inhibition in neural networks under Na+/K+-ATPase function impairment.
Analysis of Relaxation Phase in the Rat Heart
Authors: Kapelko V. I. , Abramov A. A. , Lakomkin V. L.
Published: April 2024

The rate and depth of myocardial relaxation determine left ventricular (LV) filling in early diastole. To analyze the relaxation phase, the method of logarithm of LV pressure fall in rats was used. A gradual acceleration of relaxation was found during the transition from the isovolumic phase to the auxovolumic phase, immediately before the opening of the atrioventricular valves. The relaxation rate constant in this phase has been inversely correlated with the values of the minimum LV diastolic pressure and LV endsystolic volume. The results suggest that the gradual acceleration of relaxation is due to the straightening of the spring-like structure of connectin (titin), which is compressed during contraction.
Experimental Models of Synaptopathies Based on Zebrafish
Authors: Lebedev A. S. , Kotova M. M. , Ilyin N. P. , Kolesnikova T. O. , Galstyan D. S. , Vyunova T. V. , Petersen E. V. , Kalueff A.V.
Published: April 2024

Synaptopathies include a heterogeneous group of severely debilitating neurological diseases characterized by structural and functional deficits of neuronal synapses. Common synaptopathies include epilepsy, schizophrenia, prion diseases, autism spectrum disorders, various autoimmune diseases and cochlear synaptopathies. Their pathogenesis is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. However, the relationship between the cause and clinical manifestations of each particular synaptopathy, and their therapy, remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss animal models of synaptopathies, with a specific emphasis on zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as outline several lines of future research in this field. Overall, zebrafish emerge as a promising organism to mimic a wide range of synaptopahies, paralleling and complementing their existing models in rodents.
Pharmacoencephalographic Assessment of Antiphyschotic Agents’ Effect Dose-Dependency in Rats
Authors: Sysoev Yu. I. , Shits D. D. , Puchik M. M. , Knyazeva I. S. , Korelov M. S. , Prikhodko V. A. , Titovich I. A. , Selizarova N. O. , Okovityi S. V.
Published: April 2024

Pharmacoencephalography (pharmaco-EEG) is a prominent instrument for the pharmacological screening new psychoactive molecules. This experimental approach has not remained a vestige of neurobiological studies, and can be used successfully to complete today’s research objectives. The development and rise to universal use of machine learning techniques opens up novel prospects for the use of pharmaco-EEG data to solve the problems of classification and prognosis. We have previously shown that naïve Bayes classifier (NBC) combined with the principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to differentiate between antipsychotic and sedative drug effects as well as to distinguish among the antipsychotics’ effects. In the present study, we evaluated the possibility to employ this method to assess the dose-dependency of antipsychotic effects. The experiments were carried out in white outbred male rats with chronically implanted electrocorticographic electrodes. As the agents of interest, we chose two drugs with antipsychotic activity, chlorpromazine and promethazine, in three doses each (0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg and 0.5, 5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively). The training set, used as a reference to determine the pharmacological effects of the agents of interest, included the D2-dopamine receptor blocker haloperidol, M-cholinergic receptor blocker tropicamide, H1-histamine receptor blocker chloropyramine, the sedative dexmedetomidine, and the anxiolytic phenazepam. We have shown that the lowest chlorpromazine dose (0.1 mg/kg) can be characterized as antipsychotic with a marked histaminolytic effect, while the highest one (10 mg/kg) exhibits predominantly antipsychotic activity with a cataleptogenic effect. All the doses demonstrated anticholinergic activity, which increased with the dose. For promethazine, we observed a clear dose-dependent transition from antipsychotic action to cataleptogenic, alongside a notable antimuscarinic effect of all doses. None of promethazine doses showed any resemblance to chloropyramine, which probably indicates its anti-dopaminergic and antimuscarinic effects being able to mask its H1-antihistamine effect in the used dose range. In summary, our results demonstrate that NBC coupled with PCA can be used to determine the dose-dependency of antipsychotic agents’ effects based on their impact on electrocorticogram parameters. Further development of this method as well as expansion of psychotropic agent electropharmacogram library would allow for more precise prognosis of pharmacological activity of the agents of interest.
Interaction of Glycated Albumin with Receptor for Glycation End Products According to Molecular Modeling Data
Authors: Belinskaia D. A. , Goncharov N. V.
Published: April 2024

In diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) leads to inflammation and oxidative stress through the activation of specific receptors for AGE (RAGE). Glycated albumin (gHSA) makes a significant contribution to the overall level of AGE in human body and, as a result, to the pathogenesis of DM and concomitant diseases. The mechanism of interaction of gHSA with RAGE is practically not studied. The purpose of the present paper is to study the binding of gHSA to RAGE using molecular modeling methods, to find the main sites of interaction and structural features of glycation sites that determine the efficiency of complex formation with RAGE. Ten gHSA models were constructed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) methods; each model corresponded to one modified lysine residue (carboxymethyl-lysine): Lys64, Lys73, Lys137, Lys233, Lys262, Lys317, Lys378, Lys525, Lys573, Lys574. Complexes of gHSA with the V-domain of RAGE were constructed using the macromolecular docking method, and their stability was studied using MD simulation. In the constructed gHSA models, the carboxyl groups of glycated Lys317 and Lys525 form intramolecular salt bridges with surrounding amino acids; in other cases, the carboxyl groups of the modified lysines are free to interact with positively charged amino acid residues on the RAGE surface. According to the macromolecular docking data and subsequent MD simulation, the complex of RAGE with gHSA glycated at Lys233 is most effective in terms of strength and specificity. Specific RAGE complexes with gHSA glycated at Lys317 and Lys574 are not formed. The obtained data on the interaction of gHSA with RAGE will help to understand the role of albumin in the pathophysiology of DM and advance towards the prevention and development of effective therapy for this disease.
Non-Neuronal GABA in Neocortical Neurografts of the Rats
Authors: Zhuravleva Z. N. , Zhuravlev G. I.
Published: April 2024

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in regulating the development and functioning of the brain. The aim of this work was to study the involvement of GABA contained in non-neuronal cells in the differentiation and maturation of rat neocortical grafts. Pieces of fetal somatosensory neocortex were transplanted into the acute cavity of the homotopic region of the cortex of adult male rats. 4 months after the operation, the histological and electron microscopic examinations of the grafts were performed. The grafts were well vascularized and consisted of neuronal and glial cells. The localization of GABA in non-neuronal cells was studied by an ultrastructural immunocytochemistry using antibodies conjugated with colloidal gold. The highest expression of immunolabels in the form of electron-dense globules ranging in size from 20 to 60–80 nm was found in protoplasmic astrocytes and their processes. The pericapillary astrocytic endfeets also contained GABA-positive granules. In addition, GABA-positive granules have been observed in some myelin-forming cells and in the endothelial wall of blood vessels. The results obtained showed that GABAergic signaling via non-neuronal cells is involved in the morphofunctional differentiation of the transplanted neocortical tissue.
Panicle formation order influence in rice Oryza sativa L in vitro androgenesis
Authors: Ilyushko M. V , Romashova M. V , Guchenko S. S
Published: April 2024

A comparative analysis of rice Oryza sativa L. main and lateral panicles in androgenesis in vitro on F1 plants of two hybrid combinations: L×3P and K×3P to increase the number of cultivated anthers during the season was carried out. Donor plants were grown on the growing area in metal vessels filled with soil. The main panicle was used from three L×3P hybrids and one K×3P hybrid, single lateral panicle was cut from six L×3P plants and three K×3P plants. The genotypes number was calculated as the product of the calli number with doubled haploids by 1.25. In vitro culture 2050 anthers were introduced. According to the intensity of callus formation, the number of green regenerants per callus, and the doubled haploids proportion, there were no statistically significant differences between the main and lateral panicles in the L×3P combination. In total, 215 doubled haploids lines of twenty nine genotypes were obtained, which is theoretically sufficient for breeding a new variety. On the hybrid combination K×3P, 120 doubled haploids of five genotypes were formed from one donor plant with the main panicle. There were no statistically significant differences between the main and lateral panicles. It is concluded that it is expedient to use lateral rice panicles in vitro androgenesis to create the initial breeding material. Their use makes it possible to distribute labor force over time and increase the total volume of anthers cultivated in vitro, and, ultimately, the doubled haploids number and variability of one sample. In the time absence and other restrictions, it is preferable to use the main panicle.
Genetic stability of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) plants obtained during long-term clonal micropropagation
Authors: Babanina S. S , Yegorova N. A , Stavtseva I. V , Abdurashitov S. F
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic stability of lavender cultivars during long-term clonal micropropagation using RAPD and ISSR markers. The material for the study was three lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) cultivars of the Crimean breeding - ‘Vdala', ‘Sineva', ‘Stepnaya'. The biological objects were the original donor plants (grown under controlled conditions), as well as microshoots after 6 and 16 subcultivations during in vitro propagation. We used two RAPD (OPA 10, OPO 13) and four ISSR primers (HB 13, HB 15, ISSR 1, ISSR 2, ISSR 3). It was not found significant differences on the number and length of shoots, the number of nodes on the shoot and the multiplication index after 6 and 16 subcultivations for all cultivars. According to the morphology, the microshoots of the three studied cultivars after different periods cultivation also did not differ from each other. Using 7 markers, we identified 62 loci. All primers used in the work were polymorphic (41.7...88.9%), and the amplification products reliably identified lavender cultivars. The length of the amplified fragments varied from 378 to 2177 base pairs. The microshoots, obtained using clonal micropropagation after 6 and 16 subcultivations, were identical in genetic profile to the original lavender cultivars. As a result, the possibility of long-term (at least 16 subcultivations) micropropagation of lavender was shown, while maintaining their genetic stability.
Spring wheat yield under application of growth promoting rhizobacterium in soil contaminated with nickel
Authors: Shabayev V. P , Ostroumov V. E
Published: April 2024

Impact of growth promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens 20 on the yield of spring wheat was studied in pot experiment. Plants were grown up to maturity when agrogray soil was contaminated with Ni as NiCl2·6H2O at a rate of 200 mg Ni/kg of soil against background of applying NPK fertilizers. After harvesting, content of nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in grain, straw and roots was determined. N was determined by phenol technique. Resistance of plants to Ni toxicity was found under bacterial inoculation. Application of bacterium eliminated phytotoxicity of heavy metal and provided the same biomass production including grain as in control - in non-inoculated plants non-exposed Ni stress. Resistance of plants inoculated with bacterium to Ni toxicity was due to enhanced growth of root system and increase in content and accumulation of Ni in roots and, as a result this was not accompanied by increase in metal incorporation into aboveground organs. Resistance of plants inoculated with bacterium to Ni toxicity was due to enhanced growth of root system and increase in content and accumulation of Ni in roots. Application of bacterium also improved mineral nutrition of plants - increased nutrient uptake from contaminated soil. Increase in nutrient uptake by yield from contaminated soil as influenced by inoculation with bacterium was due to growth promotion and increase of plant weight in general without significant changes in content of most elements in aboveground organs and roots. Bacterium enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metal (soil cleaning) - increased Ni uptake by aboveground organs without significant changes in its content in grain and straw. Increase in Ni uptake by bacterially inoculated plants occurred without changes of soil medium reaction and was probably due to production of bacterial siderophores.
Productivity of young animals of a new breed of rabbits being created
Authors: Shumilina A. R , Korovina E. V , Golovanova E. V , Tinaev N. I , Kosovsky G. Y
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to identify the best mating strategy for creation a new rabbit breed according to the productivity and phenotype score of the fourth young animals generation. Selective breeding has been focused on the creation of a new rabbit breed since 2018 with the Rodnik cross parent as initial population. The experiments were carried out on the basis of the Afanas`ev Research Institute of Fur - Bearing Animal Breeding and Rabbit Breeding in 2021. A total of 86 rabbits, 26 bucks, were divided into following groups: 1 - outbred buck × outbred doe (inbred mating); 2 - inbred buck × outbred doe; 3 - outbred buck × inbred doe, 238 kits were obtained. The live weight of young rabbits in the second group at the age of 45 and 77 days was 200 g higher (p
Scientific-based regime of irrigation of raspberry with dripping irrigation under the conditions of the Central Non-Black Earth Region
Authors: Dubenok N. N , Gemonov A. V , Lebedev A. V , Ilchenko K. Yu
Published: April 2024

Raspberries are among the important berry crops, the production volumes of which are increasing every year. To obtain high-quality planting material, high and stable yields in unstable weather conditions, it is necessary to develop resource-saving technologies, which include drip irrigation. The purpose of the research is to develop a science-based irrigation regime for drip irrigation of raspberries in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. A two-factor field experiment was established in the fall of 2019. The first factor is the drip irrigation regime (maintaining the moisture content of the root layer of the soil in the ranges of 60…80, 70…90 and 80…100% of the lowest moisture capacity), the second factor is the variety (Nagrada and Solnyshko). Drip irrigation of raspberries can significantly save irrigation water. In the variant of drip irrigation with maintaining moisture in the root layer in the range of 80…100% of the lowest moisture capacity, the savings in irrigation water compared to traditional irrigation methods averaged 65%, and in the variant of 60-80% of the lowest moisture capacity - 78%. At the same time, with the use of local irrigation, an optimal water-air regime of the soil is created. For the irrigated variants of the experiment, the main share in the total water consumption is precipitation (from 71 to 81%), and the irrigation rate - from 15 to 22%. In the variants with maintaining humidity above 70% of the lowest moisture capacity, the diameter of the stem of seedlings is 20-40% larger than in the control, the height of seedlings is 40-50%, and the yield is 2 times, which makes it possible to recommend them as optimal.
Fractional composition of nickel compounds in soil and its accumulation in plants in application of growth promoting rhizosphere bacteriaon heavy metal-contaminated soil
Authors: Shabayev V. P , Ostroumov V. E , Plekhanova I. O , Kulikov V. O , Volokitin M. P
Published: April 2024

Impact of genus Pseudomonas bacteria on fractional composition of nickel compounds in artificially contaminated agro-gray soil and yield of spring wheat was studied in pot experiment. Plants were grown up to booting stage with NiCl2·6H2O contamination at a rate of 300 Ni/kg of soil against background of NPK fertilization. Distribution of nickel in soil fractions isolated by the method of successive selective extractions has been established. Nickel content in plants after combustion in mixture of HNO3:HClO4 (2:1)and in soil fractions was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission-optical spectrometry. Application of bacteria increased plant resistance to elevated nickel concentration and increased yield, significantly reducing heavy metal phytotoxicity. Bacteria increased nickel content in exchangeable and specifically sorbed fractions and, to a lesser extent, in fractions associated with organic matter and ferruginous minerals, and reduced metal content in residual fraction. Bacteria increased nickel uptake from soil by plant shoots due to increase in yield, without changes or increase in plant metal content. Thus, bacteria increased phytoextraction - cleaning soil from heavy metal. Nickel uptake by plants was increased due to increase in its bioavailability, mainly in exchangeable and specifically sorbed fractions.
Genetic analysis of the 1000 grain weight trait in interlinear hybrids of winter rye (secale cereale l.)
Authors: Goncharenko A. A , Makarov A. V , Semenova T. V , Tochilin V. N , Clochko N. A , Goncharenko M. S , Plotnikov P. A
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study is to quantify the contribution of additive, dominant and epistatic dispersions to the overall genetic variation of the 1000 grain weight trait to increase the efficiency of breeding heterotic hybrids of winter rye. The experiments were carried out at the experimental base of the Federal Research Center «Nemchinovka» (Moscow region). The starting material was 10 male sterile homozygous inbred lines carrying the Pump-type cytoplasm. These lines were crossed with two male fertile test lines: mf H-842 and mf H-1247. Test crosses were carried out in 2019 on two isolated plots according to the topcross scheme. The resulting hybrids and their parent forms were tested in 2020 and 2021 on plots of 8 m2 in two-fold repetition. The test for epistasis and decomposition of the genetic varianсе into additive and dominant components was carried out by the method of Jinks J., Perkins L.M., Brees E.L. (1969). The data show that the additive interaction of genes, as well as incomplete dominance, plays the main role in determining the trait of granularity. A stable ratio of these interactions was established over the years: the proportion of additive effects varied at the level of 83.9-84.7%, and the proportion of dominant effects at the level of 15.3-16.1%. The indicator of the degree of dominance √(H1/D) was less than one and varied slightly over the years. It follows from this that dominant alleles affecting gross grain do not completely suppress the effect of their recessive alleles. For this reason, simple interlinear hybrids inherit an intermediate phenotype compared to the parent forms. The most coarse-grained hybrids were obtained by crossing lines ms H-1054, ms H-649 and ms H-1090 with the coarsegrained tester mf H-1247. It is concluded that, in the synthesis of commercial rye hybrids, it is necessary to strive to ensure that all parent forms are gross-grained. To obtain such lines it is advisable to use methods of recurrent selection as well as convergent and cumulative breeding.
Experimental modeling of the influence of mineral nutrition conditions on the plants of spring double
Authors: Ushakova S. A , Tikhomirov A. A , Velichko V. V , Khizhnyak S. V , Gerasimov S. A , Gribovskaya I. V , Surin N. A
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study: to identify the in uence of mineral nutrition conditions on morphogenesis and absorption of macronutrients by spring barley plants of two varieties in the period from germination to earing under controlled conditions of light culture. The objects of the study were plants of double-row barley of the Takmak variety and the Salome variety. The plants were grown by hydroponics on expanded clay under controlled environmental conditions. Four variants of nutrient solutions were prepared for watering plants: variant l (the control) - Knop solution of standard concentration; variant 2 - Knop solution was prepared with 50 % concentration from its standard concentration; variant 3 - solution was prepared on the basis of Knop solution, but with 50 % of N concentration from its standard concentration; variant 4 - solution was prepared on the basis of Knop solution, but with 25 % of P concentration from its standard concentration. As a result, variants 2 and 3 showed a decrease in total bushiness by more than 30 % compared to the control. The mass of plants in variants 2 and 3 turned out to be 50 % and 35 %, respectively, less than in the control. The decrease in plant mass was mainly due to a decrease in the mass of lateral shoots. The level of consumption of mineral elements, closely related to the composition of solutions, affected not so much the chemical composition of plant tissues as the amount of plant biomass, which manifested itself in high correlations between the consumption of mineral elements and the gross content of these elements in plants with rather weak links between consumption and the content of mineral elements in plants.
Evaluation of allelic frequencies distribution of the BoLA-DRB3 gene polymorphisms within exon 2 using PCR-RFLP
Authors: Bezborodova N. A , Bytov M. V , Martynov N. A , Sokolova O. V , Petropavlovsky M. V , Volskaya S. V
Published: April 2024

BoLA-DRB3 is part of the major histocompatibility complex, which has more than 100 polymorphic sites in exon 2. This gene is associated with immunological traits, resistance or susceptibility to various diseases and productive traits and milk quality in cattle. The aim of our paper was to conduct a primary assessment of the allelic polymorphism of exon 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in the Ural region using nested PCR and PCR-RFLP. The object of research were Holstein cattle (n=55). Restriction fragment lengths were determined using electrophoresis in an agarose gel. For the BoLA-DRB3.2 gene the most common genotypes were identi ed: *23/*24, *24/*24, *16/*16, *24/*28, *9/*38 with a prevalence from 8.9 % to 26.5 %; genotypes with a lower distribution frequency - *24/*38, *24/*9, *2/*37, *16/*26. In studied samples the majority of identified alleles (*2, *9, *26, *37, *38) were previously proven to be neutral. The results of genotyping of Holstein cattle according to the polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3.2 gene were obtained: in the studied population, 56 % of individuals had a genotype associated with susceptibility to the leukemia virus, 29 % associated with resistance and 15 % had neutral genotype. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that there is a need for genetic screening of cattle populations for the BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism, especially in epidemiologically disadvantaged regions for the incidence of leukemia. The obtained data on the genotypes of animals will be used in breeding programs to saturate herds of farm animals with alleles of resistance to the bovine leukemia virus.
Optimization of technological operations in the cultivation of field crops in arid conditions of the Volga Region
Authors: Goryanin O. I , Dzhangabaev B. Zh. , Shcherbinina E. V , Pronovich L. V
Published: April 2024

The research was carried out in order to identify the possibility and prospects of using resource-saving technologies in six-field grain-and-crop rotation on ordinary chernozem in 2019-2022. Four technologies of growing field crops were tested: traditional, two with differentiated processing and direct sowing. During the research period, the prospects of resource- saving technologies with a complex of means of intensification were revealed. Compared with the traditional one, the yield increase here was 0.30…0.57 t/ha (11.0…21.0 %). The maximum productivity of crop rotation is established in technology with differentiated tillage and with the use of intensification means - 2.40 thousand grain units/ha, which is 0.20 thousand grain units/ha (9.1 %) more than the technology with direct sowing and 0.38…0.61 thousand grain units/ha traditional and resource-saving (extensive background). According to the research results, technological operations are proposed for growing field crops using the AUP-18.05 unit for direct sowing of cereals, sunflower - Kuhn seeder: differentiated tillage in crop rotation (including loosening by 25-27 cm of bee-4.5 for sunflower and soy; for pure steam - without autumn processing; for barley and spring wheat - direct sowing) or direct sowing for the purpose of maximum cost recovery; application of ammonium nitrate in a dose of N40 (before sowing spring wheat and barley, spring fertilizing of winter wheat); the main application of azofoski (N15P15K15) in the cultivation of sunflower and soybeans; treatment of grain crops with the agrochemicals Bionex Kemi, biofungicide Phytosporin, fungicide Soligor, sunflower - agrochemicals Borogum.