bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relative Importance of Global Agricultural Subsidies and Tariffs, Revisited
Authors: Anderson Kym , Corong Erwin , Strutt Anna , Valenzuela Ernesto
Published: September 2023

Over the past three decades, tariff protection to farmers has fallen and partly been replaced by domestic support, whilst support for farmers in some emerging economies has grown. Against that backdrop, this paper provides new estimates of national economic impacts of global agricultural tariffs and domestic supports. Using the latest global economy-wide GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) model calibrated to 2017, we simulate (a) the removal of food and agricultural domestic supports and agri-food tariffs and (b) the removal also of tariffs on imports of non-agricultural goods. We find that agricultural support policies are still an important part of the global welfare cost of all goods’ trade-restrictive policies (albeit only half as costly as in 2001), and tariffs still dominate the global welfare cost of all farm-support programs. That farm support could be re-instrumented to relieve natural resource and environmental stresses, boost food and nutrition security, and alleviate poverty and income inequality.
Border Carbon Adjustments: Should Production or Consumption be Taxed?
Authors: Martin Will
Published: September 2023

Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs) may play an important role in lowering the economic costs of greenhouse gas mitigation and in overcoming political-economy constraints on the use of carbon taxes or equivalent measures. A carbon tax plus a full BCA could deal with the competitiveness challenges arising from carbon taxes by using the WTO's National Treatment principle to apply equal levies on domestic production and on imports, and by symmetrically rebating the carbon tax on exports in the manner of a value-added tax (VAT) export rebate. This approach would shift the base for carbon taxation from production to demand and potentially achieve substantial reductions in the cost of cutting emissions. It would avoid the massive measurement and compliance problems associated with BCAs based on foreign emission intensities. By contrast, import-only BCAs distort prices of importables relative to exportables; create divisive trade conflicts and deterioration in the terms of trade for developing countries; and likely require development of complex sets of import preferences.
A (More) Systematic Exploration of the Trade Effect of Product-Specific Rules of Origin
Authors: Gourdon Julien , Gourdon Karin , de Melo Jaime
Published: September 2023

Rules of Origin (RoO) are critical components of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). They are designed to stop products coming into a PTA through the partner that applies the lowest tariff – a phenomenon known as trade deflection. While RoO are necessary, complex RoO may undo the benefits of trade agreements. Using a novel database of RoO, this paper evaluates the incidence and restrictiveness of different types of Product-Specific Rules of Origin (PSRs) across 128 reciprocal PTAs for the period 1990–2015. Results, based on a structural gravity model controlling for confounding factors, display wide heterogeneity across different categories of PSRs attached to preferential margins, with more flexible PSRs associated with a significantly stronger trade effect compared to more restrictive ones where exporters do not have a choice among PSRs or have to satisfy multiple PSRs. A simulation exercise reveals that a radical simplification reform leading to the adoption of flexible PSRs providing alternative choices to prove origin would have increased global trade under PTAs on average by between 2.7 and 4% during the sample period.
The Indirect Effects of Brexit on African, Caribbean, and Pacific Trade with the UK and EU
Authors: Montalbano Pierluigi , Nenci Silvia , Fusacchia Ilaria
Published: September 2023

We analyse the ‘indirect effects’ of Brexit on African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries’ exports that use the UK as a platform to access the EU market and vice versa. First, we use the EORA26 multi-region input–output database for 186 countries and 26 sectors to characterize the ACP domestic content embedded in bilateral trade between the UK and the EU. Second, we apply the GTAP-VA module to carry out a simulation of how the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement will impinge on 121 countries and 65 products. The results suggest that while ‘indirect effects’ on ACP countries’ exports may exist, their economic magnitude is small in aggregate because ACP countries supply only small amounts of inputs used in UK–EU bilateral trade. Our simulations also show that these effects may be offset by the likely increase in ACP domestic content in exports because of TCA friction, mainly towards the UK.
Theoretical Underpinnings of ‘Land Abundance, Openness, and Industrialization’
Authors: Smith Alasdair , Wood Adrian
Published: September 2023

This paper develops a Heckscher−Ohlin model in which the effects on production structure of endowments and changes in trade policies depend in a continuous way on a country's degree of openness to trade. Its main contribution is to show semi-formally how the introduction of product differentiation causes the elasticities of output with respect both to factor endowments and to sectoral trade barriers to vary with import penetration (the share of foreign firms in home markets) and export orientation (the share of foreign markets in home-firm sales).
THE ELEATIC STRANGER'S METHOD IN ARISTOTLE'S ETHICS
Authors: Inamura Kazutaka
Published: September 2023

This article examines Aristotle's method for defining the concept of happiness in his Eudemian and Nicomachean ethics. In particular, the article draws attention to a methodological passage (Eth. Eud. 1.6 1216b26–35), in which he claims that ‘If we start from what is truly yet not clearly spoken, clarity will be won as we make progress’. This expression comes from Plato's Statesman 275a and 281d. Aristotle then seems to adopt the Eleatic stranger's method in two ways to clarify the initial imprecise statement that happiness is the greatest and best of human goods: first, he distinguishes a target object from other similar objects, and second, he refers to appearances as illustrations to clarify more abstract ethical concepts. This analysis illuminates the influence of the later Platonic method on Aristotle's ethics from a new angle.
Aggression Running Through Your Veins? The Relationship Between Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, and Aggression in Detained Juveniles
Authors: Krüter Isabelle , Duindam Hanne M. , Asscher Jessica J. , Creemers Hanneke E.
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Aims: Aggression is one of the most important dynamic risk factors for recidivism in juveniles. The physiological underpinnings of aggression, such as the functioning of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), need further investigation to eventually improve diagnostics and treatment practices. Therefore, the present pilot study examined whether relations exist between ANS basal functioning (i.e., resting Heart Rate [HR] and Heart Rate Variability [HRV]) and proactive and reactive aggression; and between ANS responsivity (i.e., HR(V) in response to stressful conditions) and pro- and reactive aggression in detained juveniles. Methods: Participants were 27 detained boys ( Mage = 17.37, SD = 1.31) from an all-boy Juvenile Detention Center in the Netherlands. Trait-level proactive and reactive aggression, cardiac measures, and potential lifestyle covariates were assessed. Pearson and Spearman correlations and multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results: Results showed no significant associations between ANS basal functioning, ANS responsivity, and proactive and reactive aggression. Conclusions: This study adds to the literature by increasing knowledge on the link between both resting HR(V) as well as HR(V) responsivity and both forms of aggression and provides recommendations to further advance research in this field.
Sensitivity of Extreme Rainfall in Taiwan to SST Over the South China Sea Through Modulation of Marine Boundary Layer Jet: A Mei‐Yu Front Event During 1–4 June 2017
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Jen , Yang Shu‐Chih , Chen Shuyi S.
Published: September 2023

Water vapor transport from the South China Sea (SCS) by the marine boundary layer jet (MBLJ) can be an important moisture source for heavy rainfall events in Taiwan during the mei‐yu season. However, the variability in the MBLJ due to sea surface temperature (SST) changes and its impact on extreme rainfall events have yet to be well understood. This study investigates how varying the SST over SCS modifies the structure of MBLJ and further impacts an extreme mei‐yu rainfall in Taiwan during 1–4 June 2017. Results show that SST over the SCS can affect rainfall in Taiwan through its modulation of the MBLJ. Increasing SST leads to a southward shift of the mei‐yu rainfall. This is attributed to the weakening of the MBLJ and the enhanced convection at the leading edge of the mei‐yu front. The opposite effect is observed when the SST is decreased but with a smaller impact.
A Statistical Framework for Evaluating Rain Microphysics in Model Simulations and Disdrometer Observations
Authors: Dolan Brenda , Saleeby Stephen M. , Rutledge Steven A. , van den Heever Susan C. , Van Valkenburg Kristen
Published: September 2023

Statistical analyses of a large disdrometer data set and a diverse set of model simulations for convection using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System were conducted, with the mutual goal of providing insights into precipitation formation and microphysical processes. We demonstrate that a two‐moment bulk microphysical model successfully captures the dominant observed modes of variability in rainfall related to rainfall intensity and raindrop size distributions. The model reproduced the general distribution of observed precipitation groups (PGs) derived from Principal Component Analysis. The multi‐variable analysis also uncovered some shortcomings in the model as well as limitations of the disdrometer data. The model solutions were constrained in their predicted drop size distributions (DSDs) due to the fixed DSD parameters assumed in a two‐moment microphysics scheme. A case study from the Mid‐latitude Continental Clouds and Convection Experiment field project demonstrated how model results can be used to contextualize the disdrometer observations which are limited in sample size, spatial coherence, and detection of small drops and low drop concentrations. The case study also showed that the spatial patterns of the statistically derived PGs revealed by the model are consistent with the hypothesized microphysical processes that determine surface rain DSDs. This work demonstrates how leveraging the strengths of observations and models together can improve our understanding and representation of rain microphysical processes.
Starvation responses impact interaction dynamics of human gut bacteriaBacteroides thetaiotaomicronandRoseburia intestinalis
Authors: Liu Bin , Garza Daniel Rios , Gonze Didier , Krzynowek Anna , Simoens Kenneth , Bernaerts Kristel , Geirnaert Annelies , Faust Karoline
Published: September 2023

Bacterial growth often alters the environment, which in turn can impact interspecies interactions among bacteria. Here, we used an in vitro batch system containing mucin beads to emulate the dynamic host environment and to study its impact on the interactions between two abundant and prevalent human gut bacteria, the primary fermenter Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the butyrate producer Roseburia intestinalis. By combining machine learning and flow cytometry, we found that the number of viable B. thetaiotaomicron cells decreases with glucose consumption due to acid production, while R. intestinalis survives post-glucose depletion by entering a slow growth mode. Both species attach to mucin beads, but only viable cell counts of B. thetaiotaomicron increase significantly. The number of viable co-culture cells varies significantly over time compared to those of monocultures. A combination of targeted metabolomics and RNA-seq showed that the slow growth mode of R. intestinalis represents a diauxic shift towards acetate and lactate consumption, whereas B. thetaiotaomicron survives glucose depletion and low pH by foraging on mucin sugars. In addition, most of the mucin monosaccharides we tested inhibited the growth of R. intestinalis but not B. thetaiotaomicron. We encoded these causal relationships in a kinetic model, which reproduced the observed dynamics. In summary, we explored how R. intestinalis and B. thetaiotaomicron respond to nutrient scarcity and how this affects their dynamics. We highlight the importance of understanding bacterial metabolic strategies to effectively modulate microbial dynamics in changing conditions.
Minor stroke patients with mild-moderate diastolic blood pressure derive greater benefit from dual antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wang Yongle , Li Yanan , Zhang Kaili , Fan Haimei , Ren Jing , Li Juan , Li Yali , Li Xinyi , Wu Xuemei , Wang Junhui , Xue Lixi , Gao Xiaolei , Yan Yuping , Li Gaimei , Liu Qingping , Niu Wenhua , Du Wenxian , Liu Yuting , Niu Xiaoyuan
Published: September 2023

Not only systolic blood pressure (SBP) but also diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increases the risk of recurrence in the short- or long-term outcomes of stroke. The interaction between DBP and antiplatelet treatment for China stroke patients is unclear. This multicenter, observational cohort study included 2976 minor ischemic stroke patients. Patients accepted single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after arrival, and baseline DBP levels were trichotomized into <90 mmHg, 90–110 mmHg and ≥110 mmHg. We explore the interaction effect between antiplatelet therapy and DBP on 90-days composite vascular events. A total of 257 (8.6%) patients reached a composite vascular event during follow-up. The interaction term between DBP levels and treatment group (SAPT vs. DAPT) was significant (P for interaction = 0.013). DAPT’s adjusted HR for composite events in patients with DBP between 90 and 110 mmHg was 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.36 0.88; P = 0.011) and DBP ≥ 110 mmHg was 4.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–19.94; P = 0.046). The association between treatment and DBP was still consistent after propensity score matching of the baseline characteristics. The interaction term of DBP ×  treatment was not significant for the safety outcomes of severe bleeding (P for interaction = 0.301) or hemorrhage stroke (P for interaction = 0.831). In this cohort study based on the real world, patients with a DBP between 90 and 110 mmHg received a greater benefit from 90 days of DAPT than those with lower and higher baseline DBP. REGISTRATION: (https://www.chictr.org.cn; Unique identifier: ChiCTR1900025214)
Metrics for network comparison using egonet feature distributions
Authors: Piccardi Carlo
Published: September 2023

Identifying networks with similar characteristics in a given ensemble, or detecting pattern discontinuities in a temporal sequence of networks, are two examples of tasks that require an effective metric capable of quantifying network (dis)similarity. Here we propose a method based on a global portrait of graph properties built by processing local nodes features. More precisely, a set of dissimilarity measures is defined by elaborating the distributions, over the network, of a few egonet features, namely the degree, the clustering coefficient, and the egonet persistence. The method, which does not require the alignment of the two networks being compared, exploits the statistics of the three features to define one- or multi-dimensional distribution functions, which are then compared to define a distance between the networks. The effectiveness of the method is evaluated using a standard classification test, i.e., recognizing the graphs originating from the same synthetic model. Overall, the proposed distances have performances comparable to the best state-of-the-art techniques (graphlet-based methods) with similar computational requirements. Given its simplicity and flexibility, the method is proposed as a viable approach for network comparison tasks.
Long-term efficacy and safety of early alogliptin initiation in subjects with type 2 diabetes: an extension of the SPEAD-A study
Authors: Mita Tomoya , Katakami Naoto , Yoshii Hidenori , Onuma Tomio , Kaneto Hideaki , Osonoi Takeshi , Shiraiwa Toshihiko , Yasuda Tetsuyuki , Umayahara Yutaka , Yamamoto Tsunehiko , Yokoyama Hiroki , Kuribayashi Nobuichi , Jinnouchi Hideaki , Gosho Masahiko , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka
Published: September 2023

We previously reported in the study of preventive effects of alogliptin on diabetic atherosclerosis (SPEAD-A) that alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, attenuated the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes and no history of cardiovascular disease. This extension study of the SPEAD-A trial investigated whether early alogliptin initiation improved long-term cardiovascular outcomes. The SPEAD-A trial randomized 341 subjects with type 2 diabetes to either alogliptin or conventional treatment to investigate the effects of alogliptin on atherosclerosis. All subjects who completed that trial were eligible for this prospective, observational cohort study. The primary endpoint was the first occurrence of a major cardiovascular event, defined as death due to any cause, acute myocardial infarction, or stroke. During the 520-week follow-up period, composite primary outcome events occurred in only a few subjects in each group [8 (5.4%) in the alogliptin group and 9 in the conventional treatment group (5.9%)]. There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of the primary outcome between the two groups. Post hoc Poisson regression analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rate of composite recurrence events for the same outcomes as the primary endpoint. On the other hand, this incidence rate was significantly lower in subjects who received DPP-4 inhibitors before an initial cardiovascular event than in those who did not (5.8 vs. 13.3 per 1000 person-years, respectively, p = 0.04). Early initiation of alogliptin was not associated with a reduced risk of composite cardiovascular disease, which could be attributed to fewer events and/or the addition of DPP-4 inhibitors during the follow-up period.
Synergistic and additive interactions of Shewanella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Thauera sp. with chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate for controlling Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)
Authors: Sarkhandia Sunaina , Sharma Geetika , Mahajan Rohit , Koundal Satish , Kumar Manoj , Chadha Pooja , Saini Harvinder Singh , Kaur Sanehdeep
Published: September 2023

The imprudent use of insecticides causes the development of resistance in insect pest populations, contamination of the environment, biological imbalance and human intoxication. The use of microbial pathogens combined with insecticides has been proposed as an alternative strategy for insect pest management. This IPM approach may offer effective ways to control pests, in addition to lowering the risk of chemical residues in the environment. Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a major pest of many crops like cotton, maize, tobacco, cauliflower, cabbage, and fodder crops globally. Here, we evaluated the combined effects of new chemistry insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate) and entomopathogenic bacterial strains, Shewanella sp. (SS4), Thauera sp. (M9) and Pseudomonas sp. (EN4) against S. litura larvae inducing additive and synergistic interactions under laboratory conditions. Both insecticides produced higher larval mortality when applied in combination with bacterial isolates having maximum mortality of 98 and 96% with LC50 of chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate in combination with LC50 of Pseudomonas sp. (EN4) respectively. The lower concentration (LC20) of both insecticides also induced synergism when combined with the above bacterial isolates providing a valuable approach for the management of insect pests. The genotoxic effect of both the insecticides was also evaluated by conducting comet assays. The insecticide treatments induced significant DNA damage in larval hemocytes that further increased in combination treatments. Our results indicated that combined treatments could be a successful approach for managing S. litura while reducing the inappropriate overuse of insecticides.
Adaptive tracking control for nonlinear systems with uncertain control gains and its application to a TCP/AQM network
Authors: Zhang Ziheng , Liu Zhongtao , Liu Na , He Weikai , Yang Fuchun
Published: September 2023

This paper is concerned with the adaptive tracking control problem for nonlinear systems with virtual control coefficients including known and unknown items. The known items are employed for controller design directly, such that more information is utilized to achieve better performance. To deal with the unknown items, a novel real control law is firstly constructed by introducing an auxiliary system. The proposed controller is designed and applied to an uncertain TCP/AQM network system, which guarantees the practical boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the developed control strategy are validated by simulation results.
A wild boar cathelicidin peptide derivative inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and its drifted variants
Authors: von Beck Troy , Navarrete Karla , Arce Nicholas A. , Gao Mu , Dale Gordon A. , Davis-Gardner Meredith E. , Floyd Katharine , Mena Hernandez Luis , Mullick Nikita , Vanderheiden Abigail , Skountzou Ioanna , Kuchipudi Suresh V. , Saravanan Rathi , Li Renhao , Skolnick Jeffrey , Suthar Mehul S. , Jacob Joshy
Published: September 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a clear threat to humanity. It has infected over 200 million and killed 4 million people worldwide, and infections continue with no end in sight. To control the pandemic, multiple effective vaccines have been developed, and global vaccinations are in progress. However, the virus continues to mutate. Even when full vaccine coverage is achieved, vaccine-resistant mutants will likely emerge, thus requiring new annual vaccines against drifted variants analogous to influenza. A complimentary solution to this problem could be developing antiviral drugs that inhibit SARS CoV-2 and its drifted variants. Host defense peptides represent a potential source for such an antiviral as they possess broad antimicrobial activity and significant diversity across species. We screened the cathelicidin family of peptides from 16 different species for antiviral activity and identified a wild boar peptide derivative that inhibits SARS CoV-2. This peptide, which we named Yongshi and means warrior in Mandarin, acts as a viral entry inhibitor. Following the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to its receptor, the spike protein is cleaved, and heptad repeats 1 and 2 multimerize to form the fusion complex that enables the virion to enter the cell. A deep learning-based protein sequence comparison algorithm and molecular modeling suggest that Yongshi acts as a mimetic to the heptad repeats of the virus, thereby disrupting the fusion process. Experimental data confirm the binding of Yongshi to the heptad repeat 1 with a fourfold higher affinity than heptad repeat 2 of SARS-CoV-2. Yongshi also binds to the heptad repeat 1 of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Interestingly, it inhibits all drifted variants of SARS CoV-2 that we tested, including the alpha, beta, gamma, delta, kappa and omicron variants.
Bacterial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of infected diabetic foot ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wada Fiseha Wadilo , Mekonnen Michael Fekadu , Sawiso Edlawit Desta , Kolato Sitotaw , Woldegiorgis Lideta , Kera Gemechu Kebede , El-Khatib Ziad , Ashuro Akililu Alemu , Biru Mulatu , Boltena Minyahil Tadesse
Published: September 2023

The number of diabetic foot ulcer patients is substantially increasing, with the rapidly rising burden of diabetic mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa. The data on the regional prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer infecting bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance patterns is crucial for its proper management. This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the pooled prevalence of bacterial profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of infected diabetic foot ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa. A comprehensive search of the literature was performed on CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Critical appraisal was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s tool for prevalence studies. A pooled statistical meta-analysis was conducted using STATA Version 17.0. The I2 statistics and Egger’s test were used to assess the heterogeneity and publication bias. The pooled prevalence and the corresponding 95% confidence interval of bacterial profiles and their antimicrobial resistance patterns were estimated using a random effect model. Eleven studies with a total of 1174 study participants and 1701 bacteria isolates were included. The pooled prevalence of the most common bacterial isolates obtained from DFU were S. aureus (34.34%), E. coli (21.16%), and P. aeruginosa (20.98%). The highest pooled resistance pattern of S. aureus was towards Gentamicin (57.96%) and Ciprofloxacin (52.45%). E.coli and K. Pneumoniae showed more than a 50% resistance rate for the most common antibiotics tested. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were associated with diabetic foot ulcers in sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings are important for planning treatment with the appropriate antibiotics in the region. The high antimicrobial resistance prevalence rate indicates the need for context-specific effective strategies aimed at infection prevention and evidence-based alternative therapies.
Genomic analysis and antimicrobial activity of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors and other agents against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Brazilian hospitals
Authors: Camargo Carlos Henrique , Yamada Amanda Yaeko , de Souza Andreia Rodrigues , Cunha Marcos Paulo Vieira , Ferraro Pedro Smith Pereira , Sacchi Claudio Tavares , dos Santos Marlon Benedito , Campos Karoline Rodrigues , Tiba-Casas Monique Ribeiro , Freire Maristela Pinheiro , Barretti Pasqual
Published: September 2023

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) are highly disseminated worldwide, and isolates co-resistant to other antimicrobial agents pose a threat to effective antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, evaluation of novel antimicrobial drugs is needed to identify potential treatments with better outcomes. We evaluated the in vitro activity of novel antimicrobial drugs/combinations against 97 KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from different hospitals in Brazil during 2021–2022. Clonality, resistance and virulence genes were detected by whole-genome sequencing. The majority of the isolates (54.6%) were classified as extensively drug resistant or multidrug resistant (44.3%); one isolate showed a pandrug resistance phenotype. The most active antimicrobial agents were meropenem-vaborbactam, cefiderocol, and ceftazidime-avibactam, with sensitivities higher than 90%; resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam was associated with KPC-33 or KPC-44 variants. Colistin and polymyxin B were active against 58.6% of the isolates. The 97 isolates were distributed into 17 different sequence types, with a predominance of ST11 (37.4%). Although high in vitro susceptibility rates were detected for meropenem-vaborbactam and cefiderocol, only ceftazidime-avibactam is currently available in Brazil. Our findings showed limited susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs employed for infection treatment of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, underscoring the urgent need for stringent policies for antimicrobial stewardship to preserve the activity of such drugs.
Tailoring the growth route of lithium peroxide through the rational design of a sodium-doped nickel phosphate catalyst for lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Li Se-Si , Zhao Xing-He , Wang Kai-Xue , Chen Jie-Sheng
Published: September 2023

Sodium-doped nickel phosphate nanorods with optimized electronic structure facilitate the uniform growth of sea cucumber-like Li2O2 with large reaction area.
Efficient and complete dehydrogenation of hydrazine borane over a CoPt catalyst
Authors: Wu Haochong , Yao Qilu , Hu Chenxi , Long Jianjun , Zhou Yuanlan , Lu Zhang-Hui
Published: September 2023

CeO2-supported CoPt NPs were synthesized via a simple and green wet-chemistry reduction method and used as robust catalysts for complete hydrogen production from hydrazine borane.
Correlating the valence state of a Cu-based electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction to C2+
Authors: Li Yifan , Hong Wanqing , Chen Shiyi , Duan Rui , Chai Sini , Du Wenping , Yang Jian , Mao Junjie
Published: September 2023

We have successfully synthesized a type of CuO by calcination, which exhibits a Faraday efficiency (FE) of more than 85% for CO2 reduction of the multi-carbon product (C2+), at a current density of 340 mA cm−2.
Photochemical Sonogashira coupling reactions: beyond traditional palladium–copper catalysis
Authors: Singh Puja , Shaikh Aslam C.
Published: September 2023

This review briefly summarizes the developments in photochemical Sonogashira-coupling reactions. It especially highlights the underlying mechanisms for the formation of the C–C bond and photocatalyst evolution towards sustainability.
Formation mechanism of (10−13) AlN twins on m-plane sapphire substrates at high temperature by hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Li Xu , Salwa Almazroi , Liu Ting , Lu Yong , Zhang Ji-Cai
Published: September 2023

(10−13) AlN twin structures were grown on m-plane sapphire substrates with high-temperature nitridation by hydride vapor phase epitaxy.
NMR spectroscopy to study cyclodextrin-based host–guest assemblies with polynuclear clusters
Authors: Haouas Mohamed , Falaise Clément , Leclerc Nathalie , Floquet Sébastien , Cadot Emmanuel
Published: September 2023

A brief overview on recent examples of the contribution of NMR to the characterization of hybrid systems in solution based on cyclodextrin with polynuclear clusters is presented.
Preparation of Hβ zeolites with hierarchical pores and a study on the isomerization performance of α-pinene
Authors: Chen Yanqi , Wu Wenxing , Liu Naiwang , Shi Li , Meng Xuan
Published: September 2023

Alkali treatment of a β zeolite will lead to structural changes.
A waveguide-integrated self-powered van der Waals heterostructure photodetector with high performance at the telecom wavelength
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Zhao Bijun , Hu Siqi , Tian Ruijuan , Li Chen , Fang Liang , Zhang Yong , Liu Yan , Zhao Jianlin , Gan Xuetao
Published: September 2023

We illustrate a waveguide-integrated BP/MoS2 vdW heterojunction photodetector at the telecom band. Relying on the built-in electric field in junction, a high responsivity of ∼11 mA/W and a response time of ∼2 μs were obtained without external bias.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfonylamidines as potent c-Met inhibitors by enhancing hydrophobic interaction
Authors: Nan Xiang , Li Xin , Wu Yanchao , Li Huijing , Wang Qiuxu , Xing Shaojun , Liang Zhigang
Published: September 2023

Combining SARs with molecular modeling studies, compound 21j with superior activity to lead compound 7 and foretinib was ultimately discovered by enhancement of hydrophobic interaction with the allosteric hydrophobic back pocket of c-Met.
Correction: Peptide epitope-imprinted polymer microarrays for selective protein recognition. Application for SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein
Authors: Bognár Zsófia , Supala Eszter , Yarman Aysu , Zhang Xiaorong , Bier Frank F. , Scheller Frieder W. , Gyurcsányi Róbert E.
Published: September 2023

Correction for ‘Peptide epitope-imprinted polymer microarrays for selective protein recognition. Application for SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein’ by Zsófia Bognár et al., Chem. Sci., 2022, 13, 1263–1269, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SC04502D.
Shape transitions in a network model of active elastic shells
Authors: Maji Ajoy , Dasbiswas Kinjal , Rabin Yitzhak
Published: September 2023

Prolate ellipsoidal and spheroidal shapes below and above the shape transition pressure in models 1 and 2.
Security state estimation based on signal reconstruction for multi‐vehicle systems under malicious attack
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Siyuan , Lu Shan , Zhou Meng
Published: September 2023

Aiming at the reconnaissance task of unmanned vehicle formation under the malicious attack, a security state estimation method based on attack signal reconstruction is proposed. First the reconstruction of attack signal is transformed into a sparse error correction problem by stacking the measurement information of adjacent vehicles, and is solved by orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. Then the attack compensation based particle filter is designed to estimate the target state for each vehicle. An information fusion strategy is designed to obtain the final reconnaissance result based on agent centrality and the number of attacks on unmanned vehicles. Finally, simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analysis of distribution systems in the presence of electric vehicles and optimal allocation of distributed generations considering power loss and voltage stability index
Authors: Sivakumar Shwetha , Ramasamy Gunaseelan Sarvesh Babu , Reddy Krishnakumar Mithra Vinda , Krishnan Narayanan , Sharma Anurag , Aguila Téllez Alexander
Published: September 2023

Electric Vehicles (EV) have the potential to completely transform the transportation industry, reduce carbon emissions significantly, and pave the road for significant climate progress. According to surveys, worries regarding range and charging accessibility are a significant barrier to EV customer adoption. The electricity grid will be significantly impacted by EV charging. A coordinated charging approach that facilitates EV charging while avoiding the power grid from overloading is required to manage EV charging. In this work, the EVs are classified based on their charging capacity. This classification includes car, truck, and bus. With this a charging discharging scheme has been established using Real Time Pricing for each hour for a 20‐min block. The Voltage Stability Index (VSI) for the system is calculated for the system and the strongest bus is identified for locating the EVs to charge/discharge.

Augmenting this, in the present work, the power loss is analyzed when Distributed Generation (DG) units are installed after the EVs are located in the system for charging and discharging. The DG units are installed in each feeder, considering the VSI and Penetration Level (PL) and the power losses incurred due to the presence of EVs. The Monetary benefit of such an investment is analyzed for different topologies of IEEE‐33 and 69 bus systems and compared with the existing methods where DGs are installed before the EVs are located in the system for charging and discharging.
Polarized radiation from an accretion shock in accreting millisecond pulsars using exact Compton scattering formalism
Authors: Bobrikova Anna , Loktev Vladislav , Salmi Tuomo , Poutanen Juri
Published: September 2023

Pulse profiles of accreting millisecond pulsars can be used to determine neutron star (NS) parameters, such as their masses and radii, and therefore provide constraints on the equation of state of cold dense matter. Information obtained by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) can be used to decipher pulsar inclination and magnetic obliquity, providing ever tighter constraints on other parameters. In this paper, we develop a new emission model for accretion-powered millisecond pulsars based on thermal Comptonization in an accretion shock above the NS surface. The shock structure was approximated by an isothermal plane-parallel slab and the Stokes parameters of the emergent radiation were computed as a function of the zenith angle and energy for different values of the electron temperature, the Thomson optical depth of the slab, and the temperature of the seed blackbody photons. We show that our Compton scattering model leads to a significantly lower polarization degree of the emitted radiation compared to the previously used Thomson scattering model. We computed a large grid of shock models, which can be combined with pulse profile modeling techniques both with and without polarization included. In this work, we used the relativistic rotating vector model for the oblate NS in order to produce the observed Stokes parameters as a function of the pulsar phase. Furthermore, we simulated the data to be produced by IXPE and obtained constraints on model parameters using nested sampling. The developed methods can also be used in the analysis of the data from future satellites, such as the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission.
Detection of atmospheric species and dynamics in the bloated hot Jupiter WASP-172 b with ESPRESSO
Authors: Seidel J. V. , Prinoth B. , Knudstrup E. , Hoeijmakers H. J. , Zanazzi J. J. , Albrecht S.
Published: September 2023

Context. The population of strongly irradiated Jupiter-sized planets has no equivalent in the Solar System. It is characterised by strongly bloated atmospheres and large atmospheric scale heights. Recent space-based observations of SO2 photochemistry have demonstrated the knowledge that can be gained about Earth’s uniqueness from detailed atmospheric studies of these unusual planets.

Aims. Here we explore the atmosphere of WASP-172 b, a planet similar in terms of temperature and bloating to the recently studied HD 149026 b. We characterise the atmospheric composition and subsequently the atmospheric dynamics of this prime target.

Methods. We observed a particular transit of WASP-172 b in front of its host star with ESO’s ESPRESSO spectrograph and analysed the spectra obtained before, during, and after transit.

Results. We detect the absorption of starlight by WASP-172 b’s atmosphere by sodium (5.6σ) and hydrogen (19.5σ) and obtained a tentative detection of iron (4.1σ). We detect strong – yet varying – blueshifts, relative to the planetary rest frame, of all of these absorption features. This allows for a preliminary study of the atmospheric dynamics of WASP-172 b.

Conclusions. With only one transit, we were able to detect a wide variety of species that clearly track different atmospheric layers with possible jets. WASP-172 b is a prime follow-up target for a more in-depth characterisation with both ground- and space-based observatories. If the detection of Fe is confirmed, this may suggest that radius inflation is an important determinant for the detectability of Fe in hot Jupiters, as several non-detections of Fe have been published for planets that are hotter but less inflated than WASP-172 b.
Calibrating mid-infrared emission as a tracer of obscured star formation on H II-region scales in the era of JWST
Authors: Belfiore Francesco , Leroy Adam K. , Williams Thomas G. , Barnes Ashley T. , Bigiel Frank , Boquien Médéric , Cao Yixian , Chastenet Jérémy , Congiu Enrico , Dale Daniel A. , Egorov Oleg V. , Eibensteiner Cosima , Emsellem Eric , Glover Simon C. O. , Groves Brent , Hassani Hamid , Klessen Ralf S. , Kreckel Kathryn , Neumann Lukas , Neumann Justus , Querejeta Miguel , Rosolowsky Erik , Sanchez-Blazquez Patricia , Sandstrom Karin , Schinnerer Eva , Sun Jiayi , Sutter Jessica , Watkins Elizabeth J.
Published: September 2023

Measurements of the star formation activity on cloud scales are fundamental to uncovering the physics of the molecular cloud, star formation, and stellar feedback cycle in galaxies. Infrared (IR) emission from small dust grains and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is widely used to trace the obscured component of star formation. However, the relation between these emission features and dust attenuation is complicated by the combined effects of dust heating from old stellar populations and an uncertain dust geometry with respect to heating sources. We used images obtained with NIRCam and MIRI as part of the PHANGS–JWST survey to calibrate the IR emission at 21 μm, and the emission in the PAH-tracing bands at 3.3, 7.7, 10, and 11.3 μm as tracers of obscured star formation. We analysed ∼20 000 optically selected H II regions across 19 nearby star-forming galaxies, and benchmarked their IR emission against dust attenuation measured from the Balmer decrement. We modelled the extinction-corrected Hα flux as the sum of the observed Hα emission and a term proportional to the IR emission, with aIR as the proportionality coefficient. A constant aIR leads to an extinction-corrected Hα estimate that agrees with those obtained with the Balmer decrement with a scatter of ∼0.1 dex for all bands considered. Among these bands, 21 μm emission is demonstrated to be the best tracer of dust attenuation. The PAH-tracing bands underestimate the correction for bright H II regions, since in these environments the ratio of PAH-tracing bands to 21 μm decreases, signalling destruction of the PAH molecules. For fainter H II regions, all bands suffer from an increasing contamination from the diffuse IR background. We present calibrations that take this effect into account by adding an explicit dependence on 2 μm emission or stellar mass surface density.
Benefits from power and heat cogeneration
Authors: Bonin Bernard , Safa Henri
Published: September 2023

A large fraction of heat production from power sources is wasted in the environment, despite its numerous potential energy uses, for example, district heating, seawater desalination, or hydrogen production. In this paper, we use the MIXOPTIM methodology to evaluate performance indicators of mixes of electric power sources with and without cogeneration of heat to assess the benefits it entails. It appears from the study that the cogeneration option is highly interesting for mixes with a large nuclear share. The case of France is analyzed in detail, with an evaluation of the overall potential of cogeneration in terms of economic competitiveness as well as in terms of greenhouse gas emission reduction.
A second-order absorbing boundary condition for two-dimensional peridynamics
Authors: Pang Gang , Ji Songsong , Chao Leiyu
Published: September 2023

The aim of this paper is to develop numerical analysis for the two-dimensional peridynamics which depicts nonlocal phenomena with artificial boundary conditions (ABCs). To this end, the artificial boundary conditions for the fully discretized peridynamics are proposed. Then, the numerical analysis of the fully discretized scheme is developed such that the ABCs solve the corner reflection problem with second-order accuracy. Finally numerical examples are given to verify theoretical results.
Fully discrete pointwise smoothing error estimates for measure valued initial data
Authors: Leykekhman Dmitriy , Vexler Boris , Wagner Jakob
Published: September 2023

In this paper we analyze a homogeneous parabolic problem with initial data in the space of regular Borel measures. The problem is discretized in time with a discontinuous Galerkin scheme of arbitrary degree and in space with continuous finite elements of orders one or two. We show parabolic smoothing results for the continuous, semidiscrete and fully discrete problems. Our main results are interior L∞ error estimates for the evaluation at the endtime, in cases where the initial data is supported in a subdomain. In order to obtain these, we additionally show interior L∞ error estimates for L2 initial data and quadratic finite elements, which extends the corresponding result previously established by the authors for linear finite elements.
The probabilistic Harsanyi power solutions for probabilistic graph games
Authors: Li Zijun , Meng Fanyong
Published: September 2023

This paper analyzes the probabilistic Harsanyi power solutions (PHPSs) for probabilistic graph games (PGGs), which distribute the Harsanyi dividends proportional to weights determined by a probabilistic power measure for probabilistic graph structure. The probabilistic power measure considers the role of players in all possible deterministic graphs, which can reflect the powers of players more effectively. Three axiomatic systems of the PHPSs on PGGs and cycle-free probabilistic graph games (CFPGGs) are provided to show the rationality of the PHPSs, and their independence is analyzed.
Dynamical analysis and decision support system of production management
Authors: Cuong Truong Ngoc , Kim Hwan-Seong , Long Le Ngoc Bao , You Sam-Sang
Published: September 2023

Nonlinear system dynamics and feedback control theory are presented for management optimization of supply chain systems. Linearization and simplification methods are widely used in analyzing the system dynamics of supply chains because actual production models are highly complex and nonlinear systems. With advanced system dynamics, it is possible to deal directly with nonlinear dynamical problems without linear approximate methods so that the decision-makers can obtain more accurate results for systematic management strategies. This paper proposes a nonlinear system theory to explore dynamical behavior and control synthesis of production-distribution systems using Forrester’s model. A novel super-twisting sliding mode control (SWT-SMC) algorithm has been presented based on adaptation law, ensuring management optimization against disruptions. The closed-loop system stability has been guaranteed by using the Lyapunov theory. Extensive numerical simulations have been conducted to validate the efficacy and reliability of the adaptive super-twisting sliding mode control (ASWT-SMC) algorithm. Four types of decision criteria have been employed to compare system performance between control strategies. With a superb decision scheme powered by a control algorithm, novel supply chain software can learn an ever-fluctuating production flow and anticipate the need for changes in a real market.
Effects of prepayment policy on equilibrium of the retailer-dominated channel considering manufacturer effort
Authors: Lin Feng , Lin Weiqing , Shi Jinzhao , Wu Peng , Hong Weiyi
Published: September 2023

Although upstream manufacturers with small- and medium-sized are gradually willing to invest green efforts for stimulating market demand, they have been encountering the challenge of securing sufficient working capital to develop the green supply chain. Thus, this paper systematically incorporates two types of prepayment policies including risk-free (RF) and risk-taking (RT) into a retailer’s dominated channel. Via deriving operational and financing equilibrium of the green supply chain, a series of interesting findings can be offered. Specifically, (1) this paper identifies a threshold value regarding the manufacturer’s own capital, and proposes two scenarios for assisting the retailer to decide whether offers the manufacturer prepayment policy. (2) The effectiveness of RF for the capital-constrained manufacturer depends on how well its green effort can be implemented. That is, provided that the quality effect is large enough, the manufacturer can get more upfront capital from the retailer, which may entirely cover its total production and green effort costs. (3) Under RT, if the manufacturer’s capital is relatively lower, RT enables the manufacturer to obtain sufficient capital and the retailer is willing to share partial of the manufacturer’s default risk. Otherwise, RT may not be the best prepayment policy for the retailer.