bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seven core competencies and conditions for equitable partnerships and power sharing in community-based participatory research
Authors: Ozano Kim , Alam Wafa , Aktar Bachera , Okoth Linet , Chumo Ivy , Quach Jessica Amegee , Muturi Nelly , Saidu Samuel , Gandi Ibrahim , Wiltgen Georgi Neele , Otiso Lilian , Conteh Abu , Theobald Sally , Dean Laura , Tolhurst Rachel , Karuga Robinson , Karki Jiban , Garimella Surekha , Rao Vinodkumar , Mwanki Anthony , Islam Nazia , Tengbe Sia Morenike , Dash Sweta , Saligram Prasanna Subramanya , Rashid Sabina , Steege Rosie
Published: November 2024

Equitable health research requires actively engaging communities in producing new knowledge to advocate for their health needs. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) relies on the coproduction of contextual and grounded knowledge between researchers, programme implementers and community partners with the aim of catalysing action for change. Improving coproduction competencies can support research quality and validity. Yet, frameworks and guidance highlighting the ideal competencies and conditions needed for all research partners to contribute meaningfully and equitably are lacking. This paper aims to advance CBPR by laying out seven core competencies and conditions that can promote power sharing in knowledge production, application and dissemination at the individual, community, organisational and systems levels.

Competencies were developed through an iterative process, that synthesised pre-existing literature and frameworks with a wide range of tacit knowledge from researchers, activists, implementation partners and community researchers from Bangladesh, India, Kenya, Sierra Leone and the UK.

The seven core competencies and conditions are: (1) capacity to interpret and respond to individual and relational identity, connection, uniqueness and inequities; (2) ability of communities and partners to work in the most suitable, inclusive and synergistic way; (3) aptitude for generating safe and inclusive spaces for multidirectional knowledge and skills exchange that goes beyond the research focus; (4) expertise in democratic leadership and/or facilitation to balance competing priorities and ensure shared decision-making; (5) capacity to analyse readiness for action, successes and areas for improvements throughout the research process; (6) ability to instigate sustainable change processes within the political dimensions of systems, policies and practices using advocacy, lobbying or activism approaches and (7) skills to interpret and disseminate findings and outputs that are understandable, respectful and promote community ownership. We present core competency and condition areas, individual and collective expertise associated with competencies, likely outcomes, examples of activities and sources of evidence.
Comparative effectiveness of monovalent XBB.1.5 containing covid-19 mRNA vaccines in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden: target trial emulation based on registry data
Authors: Andersson Niklas Worm , Thiesson Emilia Myrup , Pihlström Nicklas , Perälä Jori , Faksová Kristýna , Gram Mie Agermose , Poukka Eero , Leino Tuija , Ljung Rickard , Hviid Anders
Published: November 2024

Objective

To estimate the effectiveness of vaccination with a monovalent covid-19 mRNA vaccine containing the omicron XBB.1.5 subvariant against severe covid-19 disease in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.

Design

Target trial emulation based on registry data.

Setting

Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, 1 October 2023 to 21 April 2024.

Participants

Source population of 3 898 264 individuals eligible for vaccination with the XBB.1.5 containing covid-19 mRNA vaccine at the start of the study on 1 October 2023. Study cohort comprised 1 876 282 recipients of an XBB.1.5 containing vaccine during the study period matched with 1 876 282 non-recipients. Individuals were aged ≥65 years (mean age 75.4 years, standard deviation 7.4 years) and had received at least four doses of a previous covid-19 vaccine.

Main outcome measures

Cumulative incidences of hospital admissions and deaths related to covid-19 in a follow-up period of 24 weeks after immunisation (defined as one week after vaccination) in recipients of an XBB.1.5 containing covid-19 mRNA vaccine and matched non-recipients. Cumulative incidences were used to calculate comparative vaccine effectiveness (1−risk ratio) and risk differences.

Results

The associated comparative vaccine effectiveness was 57.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 49.9% to 65.8%) against hospital admission for covid-19 (1085 v2635 events) and 75.2% (70.6% to 79.9%) against deaths related to covid-19 disease (348 v1458 events) after 24 weeks of follow-up. This result corresponded to 154.7 (95% CI 78.3 to 231.0) hospital admissions for covid-19 and 120.3 (110.5 to 130.2) deaths prevented per 100 000 individuals who were vaccinated with an XBB.1.5 containing vaccine. The associated comparative vaccine effectiveness was similar irrespective of sex, age group (65-74v≥75 years), number of doses of previous covid-19 vaccines, subgroup of co-administered seasonal influenza vaccines, and period of when either the omicron XBB or BA.2.86 sublineage was predominant. Although the observed reduction in risk was highest during the first weeks after vaccination, comparative vaccine effectiveness was well maintained after 24 weeks of follow-up.

Conclusions

In this study, in adults aged ≥65 years, vaccination with a monovalent XBB.1.5 containing covid-19 mRNA vaccine was associated with reduced rates of hospital admissions for covid-19 and deaths related to covid-19, during the autumn and winter of 2023-24 in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.
Which glaucoma patients should be monitored at home and exploration of clinician perceptions on home monitoring? a survey of glaucoma specialists in the UK
Authors: Alagappan Uma , Stewart Carrie , Azuara-Blanco Augusto , King Anthony J , Tatham Andrew , Hernández Rodolfo , MacLennan Graeme , Shotton Darian , Forrest Mark , Gillies Katie
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To identify suitable patients for glaucoma home monitoring and explore clinicians’ perceptions of the possible benefits and risks of home monitoring within the National Health Service.

Design

An online survey composed of open-ended and closed-ended questions.

Setting

Secondary care.

Participants

Glaucoma specialists registered with the UK and Eire Glaucoma Society.

Outcome measures

Agreement with clinical scenarios.

Results

The estimated response rate was 68% (n=49). Of 49 participants, 92% (n=45) were consultant ophthalmologists and 71% (n=35) had over 10-year experience. There was a poor agreement regarding an ideal glaucoma patient for home monitoring, with only one scenario achieving over 60% agreement. Most participants believed that home monitoring would be most suitable for low-risk scenarios, rather than high-risk, due to fear of missing progression. In relation to acceptability, key facilitators included the potential to increase healthcare capacity and promote patient safety. However, low clinician trust in equipment reliability and fear of patient harm were reported as concerns.

Conclusions

There was no clear consensus on which patients would benefit most from glaucoma home monitoring. While many clinicians believe home monitoring may enhance healthcare, there were also many concerns about the technologies themselves. Further work to address clinician concerns is warranted.

Research Registry registration number

6213.
Turnover intention and influential factors among primary healthcare workers in Guangdong province, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Xia , Wang Jianli , He Lian , Hu Yang , Li Caiwen , Xie Yinmei , Wang Ningning , Luo Anfei , Lu Zhiwei
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Primary health workers are crucial to the healthcare system, yet China experiences a notable shortage driven by high turnover rates. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of turnover intention among primary health workers.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Primary healthcare facilities across 21 cities in Guangdong province, China.

Participants

Online questionnaires (SurveyStar, Changsha Ranxing Science and Technology) were administered to 16 573 primary health workers in September and October 2022.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Variables measured included demographics, work-related factors, job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. Comparisons of turnover intention were made across different categorical groups, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to pinpoint influencing factors.

Results

The average turnover intention score among participants was 10.49±2.93. Notable positive correlations included those with male gender, single marital status, leadership positions and roles as public health physicians. Emotional exhaustion correlated positively (β=0.108), while job satisfaction showed a significant negative correlation (β=−0.154). Other negative influential factors were observed with tenure lengths of 6–10 years, 11–15 years and ≥16 years, as well as with senior professional titles, lower salary levels and perceptions of fair compensation.

Conclusions

Turnover intention is notably prevalent among primary healthcare workers, with emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction identified as primary determinants. Salary, payment justice in compensation and tenure also significantly influence turnover intention. Based on the above analysis, a series of intervention measures can be expectedly unveiled to reduce the turnover intention of primary health workers and maintained the steady development of basic medical resources.
Exploring paruresis (‘shy bladder syndrome’) and factors that may contribute to it: a cross-sectional UK survey study
Authors: Hutchings Hayley Anne , Kehinde Abi
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To assess the prevalence and severity of paruresis (‘shy bladder syndrome’) in a population of university staff and students and to determine if there was any relationship between demographics, self-esteem, presence of social anxiety disorders and negative toilet experiences and paruresis.

Design

We undertook an anonymised cross-sectional online survey using Microsoft Forms. We invited participants aged 18 and over to complete the survey which included demographic information; any pre-existing medically or self-diagnosed anxiety-related conditions; Shy Bladder Scale (SBS); Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and questions about using school toilets in their younger life. We defined ‘mild’ and ‘severe’ paruresis based on total SBS cut-off scores of greater than or equal to 31 and greater than or equal to 40. We calculated prevalence of paruresis, and explored differences in self-esteem, school toilet experience and social anxiety disorders between individuals with and without paruresis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine which variables had any influence on having a ‘mild’ and ‘severe’ paruresis diagnosis.

Setting

We distributed the survey to all staff and students via their university email address as well as promoting the survey on university social media sites.

Results

We received responses from 356 individuals. Most participants (237, 66.6%) were within the 18–30 year age category and most (277, 77.8%) were white. There were 221 (62.1%) females, 119 (33.4%) males and 16 (4.5%) other genders. The prevalence of ‘mild’ paruresis was 25.8% and of ‘severe’ paruresis 14.9% in this sample. 73.0% indicated that they had at least one medically or self-diagnosed anxiety disorder. There was a statistically significant difference in the total SBS score between individuals with and without an existing anxiety disorder (8 vs 19, <0.001). The adjusted odds of ‘mild’ paruresis were higher for men than women (OR 3.39; 95% CI 1.90 to 6.06), lower for those with a lower RSES score (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.96), lower for those for a lower school toilet experience score (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.99) and higher for those with at least one anxiety disorder (OR 3.164; 95% CI 1.52 to 6.59). The adjusted odds of ‘severe’ paruresis were higher for men than women (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.32 to 5.12), lower for those with a lower RSES score (OR 0.90; CI 0.84 to 0.97) and higher for those with at least one anxiety disorder (OR 2.99 (1.18–7.56)).

Conclusion

Large organisations should consider measures to help manage anxiety and improve toilet experiences. These could include resources and signposting to manage anxiety disorders and single-occupancy toilets and toilets in quiet areas to limit anxiety associated with shy bladder syndrome.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and lung function, and their association with nocturnal hypoxemia: results from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioimage Study (SCAPIS) – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Delshad Baz , Ljunggren Mirjam , Zhou Xing Wu , Theorell-Haglöw J , Janson Christer , Zou Ding , Hedner Jan , Grote Ludger , Blomberg Anders , Franklin Karl , Sahlin Carlin , Malinovschi Andrei , Lindberg Eva
Published: November 2024

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and its associations with lung function.

Background

OSA is highly prevalent and characterised by abnormal respiration during sleep. This large, population-based study aimed to investigate the associations between OSA and lung function in subjects aged 50–64 years.

Method

The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioimage Study includes information on anthropometry, comorbidities and spirometry. The current analysis included data from three centres (Gothenburg, Umeå and Uppsala) on whole-night respiratory polygraphy as a meta-analysis examining the overall effect size of lung function on sleep apnoea severity, expressed as ß-coefficient after stratifying for sex and adjusting for age, waist circumference and smoking status.

Results

Data from9016participants (54%women, age58±4 years, body mass index27±4 kg/m2) with sleep recordings of good quality were included in the final analysis. Forced expiratory volume during1 s(FEV1) (ß=−0.10 (95% CI −0.16 to −0.03)),forced vital capacity(FVC) (−0.15 (−0.21 to −0.10)) anddiffusion capacity for carbon monoxide(DLCO) (−0.08 (−0.10 to −0.05)) were all negatively associated with theoxygen desaturation index(ODI) and also with per cent of registration with nocturnal oxygen saturation<90% FVC(−0.44 (−0.87 to −0.01)), FEV1(−0.86 (−1.36 to −0.36)) and DLCO(−0.47 (−0.60 to −0.35)). Additionally, a positive association was observed between FEV1(0.13 (0.05 to 0.22)) and DLCO(0.07 (0.04 to 0.09)) with the mean nocturnal saturation. There was a negative association between DLCOandapnoea-hypopnoea index, AHI, (ß=−0.04 (95% CI−0.06 to −0.03)), while no associations were found between FEV1or FVC and AHI.

Conclusion

In OSA, lower lung function is more distinctly associated with the nocturnal hypoxic burden than AHI. Potential lung function impairment should be investigated in OSA patients with a high ODI relative to AHI.
Health-related quality of life in adults with metabolic syndrome: a multi-level analysis of family and individual level variation
Authors: Niknam Mahdieh , Olazadeh Keyvan , Azami Mobin , Boroumandieh Saeedeh , Yari-Boroujeni Reza , Izadi Neda , Azizi Fereidoun , Amiri Parisa
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The current study aimed to investigate the associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using multilevel analysis among the Iranian adult population.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Participants were 6113 participants (3318 women and 2795 men) aged≥20 years of the TLGS seventh phase who had completed data on HRQoL and MetS. HRQoL was assessed using the short-form 12-item health survey V.2 and MetS defined based on the guidelines outlined in the Joint Interim Statement. The two-level model was fitted to assess the association between MetS and HRQoL.

Results

The prevalence of MetS and its components was higher in men, and regardless of metabolic status, men exhibited higher HRQoL values. The deleterious impact of MetS on HRQoL was more pronounced in women, while the detrimental effects of MetS on men’s HRQoL were confined to specific subscales. These results were obtained through multilevel analysis, considering both familial and individual variation levels. Moreover, our investigation highlighted the positive influence of leisure-time physical activity on both the physical and mental component summaries (PCS and MCS, respectively), regardless of gender. Education had a greater positive impact on PCS in both sexes. Additionally, a history of cardiovascular diseases was associated with a decline in mental and physical HRQoL, while age was linked to a decline in PCS and MCS, and smoking was associated with a decline in MCS.

Conclusion

This study revealed the significant influence of gender, as well as the unique characteristics and circumstances of individuals, on the relationship between MetS and HRQoL in a general population with low/middle income.
Association between life satisfaction and health behaviours among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Alumona Chiedozie James , Scott David R , Odole Adesola C , Nweke Martins , Kalu Michael , Awosoga Oluwaghohunmi Adetunji
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Life satisfaction is a key indicator of successful ageing and reflects well-being. There is evidence of the association between life satisfaction and health behaviours among older adults. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol seeks to determine the strength and direction of the association between life satisfaction and health behaviours among older adults.

Methods and analysis

This protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will search the electronic databases (MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and Global Health) from inception to date. Only observational studies that described the association between life satisfaction and health behaviours—smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, diet/nutrition and sleep—will be included. Two independent reviewers will conduct screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment of the articles. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools for cohort and analytical cross-sectional studies. Studies will be included in the meta-analysis if they report zero-order associations between life satisfaction and health behaviours; otherwise, a narrative synthesis will be presented.

Ethics and dissemination

This study does not require ethics approval, as it involves analysing secondary data from published studies. The completed review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.

Trial registration number

PROSPERO (CRD42023441386).
Surveillance of carbapenem resistance in Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jayathilaka Nishadi , Denagamagei Sashini Shehana , Nakkawita Dilini , Senaratne Thamarasi Nirmali
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Carbapenems are used to treat multidrug-resistant organisms as last-resort antibiotics. Resistance to carbapenems is an emerging public health threat worldwide, with alarming reported rates in Asian countries. To minimise further spread of resistant strains and guide interventions, it is important to understand the prevalence rates and causative molecular determinants. Therefore, the systematic review and meta-analysis arising from this protocol will aim to comprehensively describe the available surveillance data on carbapenem resistance in Asian countries to provide an in-depth overview of the carbapenem resistance status in this region.

Methodology and analysis

A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted via PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Additional articles and grey literature will be searched in Google Scholar, OpenGrey and Google Chrome by manually searching the reference lists of selected studies. The review question was designed according to components in the ECLIPSE (E-expectations, C-client, L-location, I-impact, P-profile and S-service) framework. Studies conducted with samples other than clinical samples will be excluded. Only original articles published in the English language will be included. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool will be used to assess the quality of the included studies. A random-effects meta-analysis will be performed if the data are sufficiently homogenous. Heterogeneity between studies will be assessed via the I² statistic. The subgroup analysis will be performed considering the type of sample, pathogen type, region/country where the studies were conducted and genetic determinants.

Ethics and dissemination

As this study is conducted on the basis of published data, ethical approval is exempt. The findings of this study will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal with the intention of providing summarised data on the globally emerging threat of carbapenem resistance and emphasising the need to introduce alternative, more effective treatment options.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024515806.
Exploring influential components and indicators in hospital resilience assessment: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Barzanji Arvin , Farrokhi Mehrdad , Ebadi Abbas , Saatchi Mohammad , Ahmadi Shokoufeh , Khankeh Hamidreza
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Hospitals are vital infrastructures that provide health services during emergencies and disasters. However, in recent years, disasters have led to hospital losses and interruptions in medical services. Consequently, the concept of resilience has garnered significant attention. Despite extensive research, the lack of clarity in explaining hospital resilience poses challenges in effective assessment and identifying key priorities for enhancing disaster risk management. Recently, the WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) introduced a conceptual framework for the conceptualisation of hospital resilience, defining it through six interconnected components and four resilience capacities. Identifying specific indicators and characteristics for hospital resilience components based on the EMRO framework. This protocol outlines the method for conducting a scoping review to identify such indicators and characteristics to develop a comprehensive hospital resilience assessment tool.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will adhere to the six-step protocol proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. It aims to comprehensively understand current knowledge about resilient hospital characteristics and identify effective components and indicators for assessing hospital resilience. The review will encompass available articles indexed in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Additionally, searches will explore the grey literature on Google Scholar, the WHO’s website and regional offices. There will be no publication date restrictions applied to the search. Quantitative and qualitative content analyses will assess and categorise the study results. Our protocol was drafted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols extension for scoping reviews.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol describes a scoping review within a doctoral thesis focused on health in emergencies and disasters, specifically hospital resilience. The study, associated with ethics code number (IR.USWR.REC.1402.120), aims to develop a comprehensive assessment tool for hospital resilience. Once peer-reviewed and published, the findings will inform experts, policymakers and relevant organisations in emergency and disaster management.
Exploring patient involvement in obstetrics and gynaecology education for medical students: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kennedy Clare , Al-Tikriti Shahad , Abubakr Karima Ali , O'Higgins Amy C , McNulty Jonathan P , Cooney Naomi , Donnelly Suzanne , Higgins Mary
Published: November 2024

Introduction

It is important to incorporate the patient perspective into healthcare education, as we know that patients are experts in their own conditions. The expertise gained through lived experience serves to complement the theoretical knowledge that healthcare educators can provide. This scoping review aims to explore patient involvement in medical education within obstetrics and gynaecology, a specialty that can provide unique challenges and complexities to patient involvement due to its potentially highly sensitive and intimate nature. The goal of this study is to map the available literature on this topic which will allow for the identification of potential gaps in the provision of training for medical students in this field. The research also aims to highlight challenges that may be associated with patient involvement in this specialty in order to guide future initiatives.

Methods and analysis

The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review framework and methodology will be used to guide and conduct this scoping review. A systematic search of electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, ERIC, Google Scholar, Web of Science, African Journals Online, Cochrane Library and SciVerse will be carried out. Articles will be limited to the English language. No geographical limitations will be placed on the search. Literature from 1960 to 2023 will be considered for inclusion which corresponds with the first reports of patient educators used to assist with the demonstration of clinical skills in obstetrics and gynaecology. Relevant academic journals will be hand-searched for the previous 5 years. Identified studies will be screened by two independent reviewers and data extraction carried out by the primary researcher. Key findings will be presented in tables and summarised in narrative form. Findings from the review will be reported according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews reporting checklist.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this study. The findings from the study will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and at medical education conferences.
Optimal timing of recombinant herpes zoster virus vaccination for a JAK inhibitor treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: a multicentre, open-label, randomised comparative study (STOP-HZ study): study protocol
Authors: Takanashi Satoshi , Ohmura Koichiro , Misaki Kenta , Ihata Atsushi , Matsui Toshihiro , Tohma Shigeto , Saegusa Jun , Sato Shinji , Matsubara Tsukasa , Yamaoka Kunihiro , Amano Koichi , Miyamoto Toshiaki , Mori Yasuko , Kaneko Yuko
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are an important therapeutic option in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but increase the risk of developing herpes zoster. Although a dry recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) that can be used under immunosuppressive conditions has recently been developed, its optimal use and appropriate timing in patients scheduled to start JAK inhibitors is still unclear. The present study is designed to clarify the appropriate timing of JAK inhibitor initiation to measure varicella zoster virus (VZV)-specific IgG titers and VZV-specific T cell response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who start tofacitinib at the first RZV vaccination or at the second one.

Methods and analysis

STOP HZ (Effectiveness andSafeTyOfProphylactic RecombinantHerpesZoster Virus Vaccination for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Tofacitinib Treatment) study is a multicentre, open-label, randomised, comparative study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are scheduled to start tofacitinib. This study enrols 60 study subjects in 12 sites. Enrolled subjects receive RZV two times on day 1 and week 8 and initiate tofacitinib 5 mg two times a day at the time of their first RZV (day 1, group A) or second RZV (week 8, group B) based on randomisation. The random assignment is performed centrally in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in Group B continue the same treatment until the start of tofacitinib treatment. Primary endpoint is VZV-specific IgG antibody titers at week 12 compared with those at baseline in each group. Secondary endpoints include comparison of VZV-specific IgG antibody between the groups, changes in disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis, VZV-specific T cell response and adverse events.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Certified Review Board of Keio (No. 2022008), and conforms to the Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice guidelines. Written informed consent is obtained from participants prior to enrolment. The results of this study are planned to be submitted for publishment in relevant peer-review journals.

Trial registration number

jRCTs031230329.
Mental healthcare in paediatric epilepsy clinics: implementation by non-mental health professionals
Authors: Coughtrey Anna E , Bennett Sophie , Stanick Cameo , Chorpita Bruce , Dalrymple Emma , Fonagy Peter , Cross J Helen , Ford Tamsin , Heyman Isobel , Moss-Morris Rona , Jetha Poonam , Myles-Hooton Pamela , Shafran Roz
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Research has shown that children with epilepsy often experience mental health disorders but face barriers to effective care. One solution is to train healthcare professionals within paediatric epilepsy services to deliver psychological interventions. The aim of this paper was to examine aspects of treatment integrity of the ‘Mental Health Interventions for Children with Epilepsy’ (MICE) treatment, a modular cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for anxiety, depression and behavioural difficulties in childhood epilepsy.

Methods

The MICE treatment was delivered in paediatric epilepsy clinics by 21 healthcare professionals with limited mental health experience, supported by a comprehensive training and supervision package. Data from 2269 treatment sessions with 166 young people were analysed to examine adherence to the MICE protocol. Audio recordings from a randomly selected sample of 251 sessions were rated for therapist competence, of which 30 were independently rated by a second expert.

Results

Therapists administered the MICE intervention with integrity and closely adhered to the established protocol. Any adaptations made were related to the sequence of delivery rather than changes to the content.

Conclusions

The overall findings indicate that professionals in paediatric epilepsy clinics can be effectively trained and supported to administer evidence-based mental health interventions. Additional research is required to explore the link between integrity and clinical outcomes, as well as to determine the most effective methods for training and supervision. This is crucial for ensuring the successful implementation of mental health interventions for children with epilepsy and concurrent mental health needs.
Application of disposable digital hysteroscope for outpatient hysteroscopy in women undergoing artificial assisted reproductive procedures: a clinical research
Authors: Jiang Die , Dan Ling , Pasic Resad , Shervin Adel , Song Jianming , Feng Limin
Published: November 2024

Background

Hysteroscopy is the preferred method for the diagnosis and treatment of uterine diseases. With the increasing demand for outpatient hysteroscopy, disposable digital hysteroscopy has emerged, which can meet the requirements of diagnosis and treatment integration, and greatly reduce the labour and storage costs.

Methods

A total of 108 outpatients who underwent hysteroscopy using disposable digital hysteroscope were divided into two groups: the non-porous group (group A, n=49) and the married with child group (group B, n=59). The patients’ general information and clinical data were recorded and statistical analysis was performed.

Results

No differences were found between the age, weight, body mass index, menopausal status and indication for hysteroscopy of the two groups. The most common indication was embryo transfer failure. The surgical success rate of 108 patients was 100%, the concordance rate between hysteroscopic diagnosis of chronic endometritis and pathological diagnosis was 94.44% (68/72), while the false positive rate stood at 38.89% (14/36). Additionally, incidental findings rate for endometrial polyps was 92.00% (23/25) with a low false positive rate of only 6% (5/83). The mean visual analogue scale score of group A was 2.285±0.180, which was not significantly different from group B (p=0.483, 95% CI(−0.60-0.44)). The pregnancy rate among patients who received assisted reproductive technology and were followed up for 1 year after surgery was 66.67% (40/60), while the abortion rate stood at 5.00% (3/60).

Conclusions

The disposable digital hysteroscope is a valuable and effective tool for outpatient hysteroscopy.
Sustainable application of recycled plastics in asphalt pavement: case study of a trial in Newtonville, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Ma Jianmin , Yuan Hai , Nawarathna Hanwalle M.C. , Hesp Simon A.M.
Published: November 2024

Global research on using plastic waste in asphalt roads highlights its benefits: recycling waste, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and providing an alternative to non-renewable asphalt binders. This study aims to bridge the gap between laboratory results and field performance of recycled plastic-modified asphalt in cold regions, promoting broader adoption. Laboratory analysis of core samples was performed as part of a quality assurance program. High-temperature rutting resistance was evaluated using the Hamburg wheel tracking test, while low-temperature cracking resistance was assessed through semi-circular bending testing. Results show that the impact of recycled plastics and fibers on rutting resistance varies with temperature, with the greatest benefit at the highest temperatures. For low-temperature cracking resistance, polyethylene terephthalate fibers outperform mixed plastics by delaying crack propagation. Low-temperature conditioning can induce thermal shrinkage in the asphalt mixture, slightly moderating the effects of recycled plastics and fibers.
Increased use of mud bottom by juvenile American lobsters (Homarus americanus) in Maces Bay and Seal Cove, Bay of Fundy, after three decades of population increases and predator declines
Authors: Dinning Kristin Midori , Lawton Peter , Rochette Rémy
Published: November 2024

In the Bay of Fundy, American lobster ( Homarus americanus) abundance has soared since the early 1990s, and predators have declined, either of which could have caused juvenile lobster populations in preferred hard-bottom habitat to expand onto less-protective mud bottom. To investigate whether juvenile lobsters have increased use of mud bottom, we used scuba surveys (1989–2021) in Maces Bay and Seal Cove, in the Bay of Fundy. Whereas the 1990s surveys found no juveniles on mud at either site (though they were present on hard bottom), in subsequent decades, juveniles inhabited mud burrows at densities of 0.00039 m–2 to 0.0081 m–2. In Maces Bay, mud occupancy occurred after juvenile density increases on hard bottom, but evidence was mixed as to whether increased competition within hard-bottom habitat drove this change. Concurrent cod, haddock, hake, and wolffish declines suggest reduced predation also increased occupancy and survival on mud. Although it supports low juvenile densities, mud habitat may contribute to recruitment given its prevalence, particularly as warming seas allow lobster recruitment into cooler, deeper water over mud bottom.
Augmentation significative des superficies recouvertes par du paillis de plastique au saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, Québec, Canada
Authors: Paré Maxime C. , Morissette Olivier , Boivin Maxime , Piochon Marianne , Pichette André
Published: November 2024

La production du maïs à ensilage dans la région du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) est limitée en raison du faible nombre d'unités thermiques maïs (UTM). Pour pallier cette contrainte, plusieurs producteurs utilisent un film de plastique translucide dit « oxo-biodégradable », permettant ainsi de devancer la date de semis et de bénéficier d'hybrides plus élevés en UTM. Toutefois, l'utilisation de ce type de plastique pourrait causer des problèmes importants en s'accumulant notamment dans les sols, les sédiments, les eaux et les organismes vivants. À ce jour, il demeure toutefois difficile de connaître les superficies recouvertes par ce plastique au fil des années. Nous avons entrepris une première étude pour connaître l’étendue de l'utilisation de cette pratique depuis 2018 dans la région à l'aide d'images satellitaires. Nos résultats indiquent que les superficies consacrées à cette pratique ont bondi de 90% au cours des sept (7) dernières années, passant de 1192 ha en 2018 à plus de 2300 ha en 2024. Nous avons également constaté que l'utilisation de ce paillis de plastique se concentrait sur certains secteurs, dont 44% sur des superficies ayant connu des utilisations annuelles répétées. Annuellement, c'est entre 1,3% et 2,5% de terres agricoles utilisées en grandes cultures qui sont maintenant couvertes par ce paillis de plastique dans la région. La littérature de même que nos observations sur le terrain indiquent également que ce plastique ne se décompose pas au rythme souhaité. Devant ce constat, des études devront être rapidement entreprises afin de trouver des solutions plus durables.
Kerr black hole energy extraction, irreducible mass feedback, and the effect of captured particles charge
Authors: Rueda J. A. , Ruffini R.
Published: November 2024

We analyze the extraction of the rotational energy of a Kerr black hole (BH) endowed with a test charge and surrounded by an external test magnetic field and ionized low-density matter. For a magnetic field parallel to the BH spin, electrons move outward(inward) and protons inward(outward) in a region around the BH poles(equator). For zero charge, the polar region comprises spherical polar angles $$-60^\circ \lesssim \theta \lesssim 60^\circ $$

-

60
∘

≲
θ
≲

60
∘

and the equatorial region $$60^\circ \lesssim \theta \lesssim 120^\circ $$

60
∘

≲
θ
≲

120
∘

. The polar region shrinks for positive charge, and the equatorial region enlarges. For an isotropic particle density, we argue the BH could experience a cyclic behavior: starting from a zero charge, it accretes more polar protons than equatorial electrons, gaining net positive charge, energy and angular momentum. Then, the shrinking(enlarging) of the polar(equatorial) region makes it accrete more equatorial electrons than polar protons, gaining net negative charge, energy, and angular momentum. In this phase, the BH rotational energy is extracted. The extraction process continues until the new enlargement of the polar region reverses the situation, and the cycle repeats. We show that this electrodynamical process produces a relatively limited increase of the BH irreducible mass compared to gravitational mechanisms like the Penrose process, hence being a more efficient and promising mechanism for extracting the BH rotational energy.
Dynamical and thermodynamical stability of a charged thin-shell wormhole
Authors: Eiroa Ernesto F. , Figueroa-Aguirre Griselda , Peñafiel Miguel L. , Bergliaffa Santiago Esteban Perez
Published: November 2024

A study of the dynamical and thermodynamical stability of a charged thin-shell wormhole built by gluing two Reissner–Nordström geometries is presented. The charge on the shell is linearly related to the matter content. For the dynamical stability, a concise inequality is obtained, valid for any barotropic equation of state that relates the pressure with the energy density at the throat. A thermodynamical description of the system is introduced, which leads to the temperature and the electric potentials. Adopting a linear equation of state for the pressure and a definite form for the entropy function, the set of equilibrium configurations that are both dynamically and thermodynamically stable is found.
Destroying the event horizon of cold dark matter-black hole system
Authors: Meng Liping , Xu Zhaoyi , Tang Meirong
Published: November 2024

Since the weak cosmic censorship conjecture was proposed, research on this conjecture has been ongoing. This paper explores the conjecture in black holes that are closer to those existing in the real universe (i.e., rotating black holes enveloped by dark matter). In this paper, we obtained a first-order corrected analytical solution for the black hole event horizon through an approximate solution. The validity of the first-order corrected analytical solution will be provided in the appendix. We conduct our study by introducing a test particle and a scalar field into the black hole. Our conclusions show that, in extremal case, both a test particle and a scalar field can disrupt the event horizon of the Kerr-like black hole; in near-extremal case, both a test particle and a scalar field can disrupt the event horizon of the Kerr-like black hole. When cold dark matter is not considered, the conclusion is consistent with previous research.
Outgoing electromagnetic flux from rotating wormholes
Authors: Ertola Urtubey Milos , Pérez Daniela , Romero Gustavo E.
Published: November 2024

We show for the first time that rotating wormholes are capable of emitting a Poynting flux in the process of accreting magnetized matter. To this end, we analyze the Damour–Solodukhin metric describing a Kerr-type wormhole and calculate the electromagnetic flux assuming a specific geometry for the magnetic field contained by the wormhole ergosphere. We find that for highly rotating wormholes a mechanism similar to that of Blandford and Znajek is possible, and the emitted electromagnetic flux is of the same order as for a Kerr black hole.
The alpha particle charge radius, the radion and the proton radius puzzle
Authors: Dahia F. , Lemos A. S.
Published: November 2024

Recent measurements of the Lamb shift of muonic helium-4 ions were used to infer the alpha particle charge radius. The value found is compatible with the radius extracted from the analysis of the electron-helium scattering. Thus, the new spectroscopic data put additional empirical bounds on some free parameters of certain physics theories beyond the Standard Model. In this paper, we analyze the new data in the context of large extra-dimensional theories. Specifically, we calculate the influence of the radion, the scalar degree of freedom of the higher-dimensional gravity, on the energy difference between the 2S and 2P levels of this exotic atom. The radion field is related to fluctuations of the volume of the supplementary space. It should be treated as a phenomenologically independent quantity in relation to the tensorial degrees of freedom of the metric within the braneworld scenario. Based on the spectroscopic data of muonic helium, we find constraints for the effective energy scale of the radion as a function of the alpha particle radius. Then, we discuss the implications of these new constraints on the proton radius puzzle. We also establish a new empirical bound for the radion by examining its influence on the isotopic shift in the 2P-2S transition of muonic hydrogen and muonic deuteron. In connection with this discussion, we study the impact of the radion on the tension observed in measurements of the difference between the squared radii of the helion and alpha particle as extracted from muonic and electronic helium isotopes.
Design of Credit Bond Default Risk Measurement Model Based on Spatio-Temporal Attention Network and Genetic Algorithm Driven by Digital Economy
Authors: Fu Min , Zhou Qing , Tang Jingyang , Wu Hao
Published: November 2024

With the rapid advancement of the digital economy, the financial market confronts unprecedented complexity and interconnectivity, rendering the precise prediction of credit bond default risk particularly crucial. This paper introduces a novel credit bond default risk measurement model (GST-GRU) predicated on a spatio-temporal attention network and genetic algorithm, designed to enhance the accuracy and robustness of risk prediction. Initially, data preprocessing is undertaken, encompassing time series data cleaning, completion of missing values for historical financial information and bond default statuses, and extraction of spatial discrete information through independent vector coding. Subsequently, a spatio-temporal attention mechanism is employed to amplify feature information in both domains, while the GRU network captures the long-term dependencies within the time series data. Thereafter, model parameters are refined using a genetic algorithm to ensure global optimality. Experimental results demonstrate that the GST–GRU model markedly improves prediction accuracy across multiple public and self-constructed datasets, surpassing traditional models. This research furnishes robust technical support for risk management in the financial market, fosters the evolution of credit bond default risk prediction technology, and lays the groundwork for the intelligence and automation of future financial systems.
Music Sequence Creation Technique in Piano Music Production Based on Embedded Neural Network
Authors: Chen Guoliang
Published: November 2024

With the rapid development of computer technology and artificial intelligence, especially the rise of embedded neural network technology. The traditional arrangement methods are facing increasing challenges in the field of music production, and their complexity and time-consuming nature are no longer sufficient to meet the urgent needs of modern audiences for efficient and high-quality computer piano music works. This paper proposes an innovative solution — a piano music production matching method based on embedded neural network fusion, and particularly focused on intelligent creation technology for music sequences. In the system, embedded neural networks are core applied in the process of creating music sequences. By utilizing their powerful feature learning and generalization abilities, neural networks can capture complex patterns and dynamic changes in music sequences, providing infinite possibilities for melody generation and innovation. At the same time, combined with association rule algorithms, the system can discover potential association patterns between notes, further optimizing the fluency and harmony of the melody; The clustering algorithm helps extract common features from massive music data, providing a rich material library for melody innovation.
Management Analysis of University Joint Supervision System Based on Multidimensional Data Fusion
Authors: Li Yawen , Lu Yue
Published: November 2024

A robust joint supervision approach is required for both academic instruction and boosting the performance of students. Conventional approaches frequently come across many difficulties when merging different kinds of information, such as files, supervisor comments, and academic achievement. For the purpose of increasing the effectiveness of university supervision, this paper assesses the joint supervision approach using multidimensional data fusion. To combine the different variables used in this study such as grades, feedback evaluations, and the load of supervision mathematical techniques are applied. Next, significant factors impacting the efficiency of university supervision are examined, and students and supervisors are divided into groups based on achievement and feedback assessment. Fusion of these data is performed and analyzed in terms of different measures, like precision, recall, accuracy, level of supervision satisfaction and level of student satisfaction. The outcomes of this paper provide important evidence of the link between pupil achievement and supervision strategies. The paper recommends a multi-data fusion for the university joint supervision scheme and established a link between supervision approaches and student achievement.
On the Integrability of the Sprott Cubic Conservative Jerk System
Authors: Hussein Sarbast , Llibre Jaume
Published: November 2024

We consider the Sprott cubic conservative jerk differential equation [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. It is known that this differential equation exhibits chaotic motion for some values of the parameter a. Here, we study when this differential equation has no chaotic motion, i.e. when it has first integrals, and then we describe its dynamics.