bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative experimental studies of the main electrical parameters of electrical equipment insulation after drying by various methods
Authors: Dulskiy E , Kruchek V , Kolpahchyan P
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the assessment of the comparative experimental studies’ results of various technologies for drying impregnated insulation of power electrical equipment in the process of manufacturing and repair: standard technology, which provides for convective drying using high-power electric ovens, and the proposed technology and methods for accelerated drying in hardware complexes using infrared (IR) radiation. In particular, the article presents the results of the polymer insulation surface microstructure analysis after drying by the indicated methods. The research was carried out in an industrial environment, using specialized certified equipment. In theoretical terms, the article presents the calculations on the rationale for the use of IR radiation during drying of a multilayer insulating structure of various compositions. The studies carried out confirm the hypothesis about the formation of microcavities on the surface and in the thickness of the polymer insulation when using convection during drying, which reduce the quality and reliability of the electrical equipment insulation as a whole. At the same time, the proposed technology and technique for accelerated drying of electrical equipment insulation using IR-radiation gives an opportunity to improve the quality of the resulting polymer insulation, increasing its reliability. In addition, this technology can significantly increase the productivity of insulation repair and reduce energy costs.
Effect of the forces of one-way magnetic attraction on the reliability of the bearing unit of the traction switched reluctance motor
Authors: Miroshnichenko Y Y
Published: December 2021

The subject of the research is a traction switched reluctance motor with an uneven air gap. The main purpose of the work is to determine the forces of one-way magnetic attraction, evaluate and analyze these forces, develop measures to reduce the forces to an acceptable value. In the article, the forces of disbalancement and the forces of one-way magnetic attraction are considered in the relationship. The finite element method was used to determine the main parameters of the switched reluctance motor. The studies were carried out for two idealized variants of the location of the rotor rotation axis. In the first case, the axis of rotation is combined with the axis of symmetry of the stator. The second option considers the case of displacement of the axis of rotation together with the axis of symmetry of the rotor. It is determined that the resulting force of one-way magnetic attraction with an uneven air gap reaches significant values and significantly exceeds the permissible values. An algorithm for calculating the characteristics of a switched reluctance motor is proposed, which takes into account the tolerances for the manufacture of its design elements. The algorithm allows you to adjust the requirements for the bearings used, ensure the required level of reliability of the traction switched reluctance motor (SRM) and predict the level of vibration and noise.
Comparative research of electrical energy transformation processes in locomotive traction drives with asynchronous motors and series-wound brushed DC motors
Authors: Zarifyan A A , Talakhadze N V
Published: December 2021

An estimate of the Russian railways expenses level for the purchase of fuel and energy resources is given. It is shown the costs for the purchase of electric energy for train traction account for more than half of the total costs. In this regard, the problem of increasing the traction rolling stock energy efficiency seems certainly relevant. The diagram of voltage and current measurements at the primary winding of the AC cargo electric locomotive transformer is given. The experimental data processing algorithm is proposed. A comparative analysis of the results obtained for electric locomotives with series-wound brushed DC motors (throughout what follows will be denoted as BTMs) and asynchronous traction motors (will be denoted as ATMs) showed that the power factor of the asynchronous drive is higher: 0.99, compared to 0.65 for the drive with BTMs; and the coefficient of nonlinear current distortions is only 0.15, compared to 0.53 for the BTMs. The conclusion is made about higher efficiency of electric energy conversion process in asynchronous traction drive in trust mode.
Selection of electricity storage devices for mobile DC traction substations
Authors: Stepanskaya O A , D’yachkova N D , Batrashov A B
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to review the sources covering the problems of accumulating electricity on the railways and to find new solutions to reduce the use of electricity in traction power supply system. The article analyses some existing types of electric energy storage devices (capacitive, inertial, superconducting inductive, electrochemical, fuel cells and pumped storage power plants), their common installation locations, advantages, and disadvantages. The possibility of using them in railway traction power supply systems, in particular in mobile traction substations, is also assessed. In addition, the article lists the parameters on the basis of which the optimum type of storage device can be selected for the given conditions. The study concludes that the use of some types of energy storage devices in mobile traction substations is acceptable when regenerative braking can be used at the site, and this method of energy saving can be recommended in the engineering of new or reconstruction of existing traction substations. It has been found that capacitive and inertial (flywheel) electrical energy storage units are the most suitable in terms of parameters for installation of traction power supply systems.
Analysis of compensating devices efficiency in ac traction power supply systems
Authors: Agunov A V , Sokolov D A
Published: December 2021

The article describes the main methods of reactive power compensation used in 27.5 kV AC traction power supply systems on the railways of the Russian Federation. The cases of installation of the longitudinal and transverse capacitive compensation devices at traction substation and sectiolizing post are considered in this paper. Based on experimental data their effectiveness has been analysed by comparing the main parameters of the traction power supply system before and after the installation of the compensating devices. The main effect in terms of power consumption reduction is achieved through application of reactive power cross-compensation devices. The results of the analysis show that the total electricity consumption in the researched area decreased by 23 % and the proportion of higher harmonic elements of voltage decreased by 15 %.
Thermomechanical voltages in the insulation of traction electric machines of locomotive
Authors: Grachev V V , Shrajber M A
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the production of locomotives in our country has increased significantly. At the same time, a lot of efforts are made to increase the power, reliability and efficiency of their work. One of the key components of any locomotive is electric traction machines, which are usually designed to the limit in order to obtain maximum torque and power density in the limited space of the rolling stock. Previously, this problem was solved by increasing the electromagnetic properties of materials, thermal conductivity of insulating materials. However, this path has exhausted the possibilities for increasing the efficiency of traction electric machines. As the design of traction electric machines improves, their level of functionality, reliability and durability increases, electric traction systems become more relevant and important for reducing the cost of materials, maintenance and ensuring traffic safety. The insulation state of the windings of traction electric machines mainly determines their reliability and performance, affects the service life and the cost of maintenance. Therefore, when designing a traction electric machine, it is important to take into account all operational factors that determine the optimal service life of a locomotive. The article discusses the effect of thermomechanical stresses in the insulation of traction electric machines on their reliability and durability.
Simulation of thermal processes in asynchronous traction electric motor of a locomotive
Authors: Grishchenko A V , Shrajber M A
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the problem of increasing the reliability of AC traction electric machines installed on traction rolling stock. In the course of the study, a finite element model of thermal processes was built, and the thermal state of an asynchronous traction motor (ATED) of a diesel locomotive was studied in the Solid Works program. The basic method for studying thermal processes in ATED was the finite element method (FEM), as well as the basic equations of heat transfer and the theory of heating a multicomponent solid. The constructed finite element model of the ATED rotor of a diesel locomotive makes it possible to determine the dependence of the temperature values of the rotor elements on the current flowing through them. The obtained values of the temperature distribution of the ATED squirrel-cage rotor are recommended to be taken into account in the design, manufacture and testing of AC electric machines of diesel locomotives.
Entropic model of network dynamics of clocking network synchronization
Authors: Kanaev A K , Oparin E V , Oparina E V
Published: December 2021

The main task of the clocking network synchronization (CNS) network subsystem is the formation, transmission, distribution and delivery of synchronization signals to the telecommunication system (TCS) digital equipment for the purpose of its coordinated interaction. Indicators of the telecommunication services quality are inextricably linked with the indicators of the CNS network functioning quality, in this regard, the process of monitoring and managing the CNS network comes to the fore for the purpose of prompt detection of failures and their subsequent elimination. The article provides an overview of the main classes of CNS network equipment and their diagnostic parameters, and also indicates the significant influence of the CNS network functioning process on the entire TCS functioning. To assess the technical condition of the CNS network an approach using the entropy analysis of the diagnostic parameters of the CNS network elements is proposed. The entropy model of the network dynamics is obtained in CNS work, which can later be used to develop a methodology for monitoring the technical condition of the CNS network. Using this model, it is possible to estimate not only the differential entropy of each CNS network element, but also to estimate the differential entropy of the entire CNS network or a separate fragment of the CNS network. Differential entropy parameters reflect the technical state of the CNS network.
Energy efficiency of power electronics converters in traction power supply networks at voltage increase
Authors: Agunov A V , Burkov A T , Zhemchugov V G , Stepanova K K
Published: December 2021

The main features of the procedure for predicting electrical losses in power semiconductor converters of AC-DC and DC-AC systems of high voltage DC traction are presented. The procedure is based on simulation of multi-cycle switching of IGBT modules in combination with simulation of static and dynamic switching losses in traction converter circuits. The models take into account the switching frequency, physical processes in the formation of voltage and current diagrams at transition processes and in the static state of the switch elements. The model of loss assessment using particular types of IGBT modules is the basis for calculating the energy efficiency characteristics of traction converters for advanced high-voltage direct current traction systems.
The electronic structure of the atom as a classification criterion of mineral technogenic waste
Authors: Sakharova A , Maslennikova L
Published: December 2021

Today, the total scientific classification of solid industrial waste is absent because of their diversity. The task of universal of mineral technogenic waste recycling is complicated by the difference in their composition. The nature of the chemical elements that make up building materials is always taken into account to predict their properties. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to determine the classification characteristics of mineral technogenic waste recycling on the basis of natural-scientific ideas about the electronic structure of the atom. Studies were conducted on model systems with ceramic oxides entering s-, p-, d- elements in ceramic matrix to test the impact of the electronic structure of the mineral waste cation on operational characteristics of building materials. The experimental results showed that the strength of the samples changes in the series s → p → d of the belonging of the introduced oxide cation to the electronic family. Additionally, such an indicator as the energy-gap width was used to study the nature of the contacting solid phases. It is possible to identify which substances in technogenic raw materials have the greatest effect on the performance of the material in value of the energy-gap width.
Quality control of adjustment of clearances of ball bearing supports, dynamic devices rotor-type, according to parameters of acoustic emission signals
Authors: Lebedev Ye , Golikov I , Repin A , Bogatov L
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to increasing the bearing life of dynamic rotary-type machines by controlling the uniformity of the distribution of the value of the preliminary axial load acting on the rolling bearings of the rotation axis of the power unit. The possibility of monitoring the axial load using acoustic emission (AE) signals is considered. The results of experimental studies of the kinematics of the ball movement relative to other bearing parts, depending on the tightening torque of bolted joints, estimated by the parameters of AE signals, are presented.
Some results of voltage increase in marine electrical propulsion installations
Authors: Romanovsky V , Nikiforov B , Avramenko A
Published: December 2021

The main voltage parameters of marine electrical propulsion installations, at various load capacities, with further stress assessment are discussed in the article. By considering voltage options, it was revealed that an increase in inductive resistance makes it possible to manufacture a machine with high power, but the quality of electrical energy in transient modes is deteriorated. During starts, reversals, resets and load surges of powerful consumers, large voltage dips will occur on the generator. To solve the problem, including determination of optimal parameters of the generator, based on the multifactorial nature of the task of creating an electric machine for a specific purpose, an analysis of all the necessary parameters was carried out. The main dimensions of the machine depend on its full power, angular speed and electromagnetic loads. The article presents technical solutions considered using the example of a modern multipurpose icebreaker-supply “Vitus Bering”. Also, as an example, an icebreaker of the Taimyr type with a limited draft is considered, for the first time in modern practice, an alternating-changing current EDMS is used. From the experience of operating the icebreakers “Taimyr” and “Vaigach”, the transition to high voltage did not lead to a complication and increase in the complexity of the maintenance of the MPM, although it required strict compliance with safety regulations during the work. During the operation of icebreakers with MPM 6.3 kV, not a single case of single-phase short circuit or electrical injury has been recorded.
Application of electro-hydraulic shock in concrete technology
Authors: Titov M , Nepomnyashchev G , Dorofeeva D
Published: December 2021

The aspects, related to the influence of the electrohydraulic shock method use in a water-cement slurry passing in a closed chamber (activation reactor) with a pre-applied pressure to the system under various processing modes are highlighted in the article. In order to test the effect of this method on water-cement slurry, an installation was developed, consisting of: a high-voltage source, a high-voltage diode, capacitor banks, a closing element and an activation reactor. The necessary experiments were carried out on the completed installation. The procedure for conducting experiments is described in the work, shows a schematic diagram of the installation for performing activation, a diagram of the reactor, and the processing modes. Several activation modes were considered, depending on: the number of pulses (1-4), pulse energy (0.5-8 kJ), water-cement ratio (0.2-0.35), time intervals for starting treatment from the moment the cement was mixed with water (0 -120 minutes), volume and shape of the container (activation reactor), holding temperature (20-60°C), etc. According to the results of the data obtained, it was experimentally established that the use of electric pulse treatment of water-cement suspension has a positive effect on strength (cup compressive strength) indicators, obtained as a result of processing cement stone samples at different times of hardening (1-3 days). The compressive strength of the treated specimens’ increases in comparison with the untreated specimens, increase in strength reaches up to 45%, depending on the activation mode. The resulting effect was achieved due to many factors (high pressure, magnetic, temperature, energy, ultrasonic and other influences), which were applied in the most optimal period of time (stage) of the cement grain hydration process.
About the weight and size parameters of electromagnetic stiffness correctors
Authors: Gross V Y , Zharov A V , Baranovskiy A M , Reutov S N
Published: December 2021

A significant reduction in the levels of general ship vibrations can be achieved by using vibration isolators with a “floating” section of zero stiffness in vibration protection suspensions. In such devices, in parallel to the main elastic element, the so-called stiffness corrector (compensator) is switched on - a device with a negative coefficient of static stiffness, equipped with a restructuring system that ensures the retention of the corrector elements when the relative position of the vibrating and protected objects, caused by a change in static forces acting on these objects. One of the variants of the corrector is an electromagnetic stiffness corrector, in which the power characteristic with a negative stiffness coefficient is provided by two electromagnets with a common armature turned on in opposite directions. The disadvantage of such correctors is the dependence of their overall dimensions on the value of the permissible relative displacement of the vibrating and protected objects. The article deduced mathematical expressions that approximately determine the dependence of the overall dimensions of the stiffness corrector electromagnets on the value of the calculated relative displacement of the vibrating and protected objects, the possible field of application of vibration isolators Xwith electromagnetic stiffness correctors is determined.
Line voltage asymmetry in closed electrical networks with distributed generation as a source of electromagnetic interference
Authors: Antonov A , Ivanov D , Denchik Y , Ivanova E , Ivanov M , Palagushkin B , Pereladov M , Romanov M , Salnikov V
Published: December 2021

The article reveals relevance of the problem of unbalance of line voltages in closed electrical networks with distributed generation as a source of electromagnetic interference, in particular, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility of coastal and ship technical equipment. There is presented mathematical description of the process of occurrence of conductive low-frequency EMF by the voltage unbalance coefficient in the reverse sequence and an algorithm for finding it; using the equations, parameters of this coefficient are described, such as mathematical expectation, standard deviation, probability of occurrence for the billing period, as a result, a computer program has been developed to calculate these parameters; a method for processing the obtained data of power quality indicators according to the found coefficient has been developed; an algorithm for balancing voltages in an electrical network based on finding the most optimal power supply scheme for end consumers (certificate of state registration of an electronic resource No. 23664).
Effective mode of voltage in the electrical network when powering ships of the technical fleet and floating objects from the shore
Authors: Denchik Y , Zubanov D , Romanov M
Published: December 2021

The article discusses negative consequences of a decrease in the quality of electrical energy when feeding ship receivers of electricity from coastal sources, a method is proposed to ensure an effective voltage regime in the electrical network when feeding ships of technical fleet and floating objects from the coast. Definition of the equilibrium voltage mode at the “shore-to-ship” power supply scheme is given, the equivalent circuit of supply line (feeder) for the river fleet is developed, significant regulatory effects of the “shore-to-ship” power transmission elements are determined. Experimental studies of static characteristics of floating crane of R-99 project have been carried out. According to the results of the experiment, regulating effects on the voltage of the complex load of 0.4 kV of floating crane were determined. A calculation program for personal electronic computers has been compiled, which provides an assessment of the impact of voltage deviations in electrical networks when regulating the load. The law of voltage regulation in the “shore-to-ship” power transmission is proposed. An experimental verification of effectiveness of proposed regulation law was carried out while ensuring the equilibrium mode.
Influence of an electric field on flexopolarization induced by acoustic action on a liquid crystal
Authors: Denisova O A
Published: December 2021

The work experimentally investigated the influence of an electric field on the direct flexoelectric effect that occurs under the influence of an acoustic field in liquid crystals. Thin layers of nematics 10-100 μm thick were studied. In this case, the liquid crystal sample was exposed to the piston method with an acoustic wave with a frequency of 1 kHz. The dependences of the first and second harmonics for different NLCs on the bias voltage value, shear amplitude, and crystal thickness were obtained. It was revealed that the flexosignal harmonics depend on the direction of the electric field; when a positive potential is applied to the movable plate, they take on smaller values than when negative. It was found that in low fields the magnitude of the flexosignal increases due to an increase in the amplitude of the director deviation, but at a critical value of the field it is suppressed, since the layer is stabilized by a constant electric field.
Electrodynamic approach for description of mass transfer phenomena
Authors: Leonov V V , Denisova O A
Published: December 2021

Based on the equations of macroscopic electrodynamics, the article considers the most important consequences from the point of view of practical application for condensed matter. It has been theoretically shown that a virtual molecular filter with a fairly high degree of selectivity can be used for them. The theoretical substantiation of mass transfer processes in condensed systems is presented for cases of external influence on them when solving problems of technological change of macroscopic properties of a molecular system. Monitoring problems are indicated when moving the minimum amount of substance in the case of mass transfer for processes: diffusion, adsorption, capillary filtration. The functioning of the filter is based on the theory of macroscopic electrodynamics, namely, on how the space charge density is distributed in the sample under study. The results obtained make it possible to evaluate the physicochemical changes that occur in a condensed medium under external technological influence. The presented theoretical research results can serve as the basis for improving the methods of electrometric monitoring of gaseous and liquid media of unknown qualitative and quantitative composition.
Effective dielectric permeability and electrical conductivity of polycrystalline PbTe films with disturbed stochiometry
Authors: Akhmedov T , Otazhonov S M , Khalilov M M , Yunusov N , Mamadzhanov U , Zhuraev N M
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the study of the effective dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of polycrystalline PbTe films with disturbed stoichiometry. It is shown that superstoichiometric additions of Te and Pb within the limits of solubility by doping with PbTe contribute to a change in a wide range of concentrations of electrically active impurities and, consequently, to an increase in the dielectric constant (ɛ), electrical conductivity (σ) and absorption coefficient (α), in addition, the excess of these components strongly affects the amount of polarization.
Kinematic model of the suspension of an electric car
Authors: Efimov A , Fedotova O , Goryunov V , Korostelkin A , Petrov R , Sharkov M , Zatylkin K
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the work considered in this article is to develop approaches and methods for designing an electric vehicle from the concept phase to production based on the use of digital simulation. In this study, calculations were performed using the calculation of the kinematic model of the electric car suspension and CAE. Based on the results of the calculations and their compliance with the matrix of targets and resource constraints, the geometry of the suspension parts was changed during the study. For each of the iterations of the geometry, the types and materials were selected for the subsequent production of electric car suspension parts. The application of the above-mentioned approach from the earliest stages of work allowed us not only to achieve the required criteria for the mechanical characteristics of the structure, but also to comply with the conditions for reducing the development time, the cost of production and improving its quality.
Method for assessing the thermophysical properties of the contact pair ‘tool – steel workpiece’
Authors: Chigirinskiy Yu , Tikhonova Zh , Kraynev D
Published: December 2021

To The analysis of methods for evaluating the properties of contact pairs “hard -alloy coated tool-steel billet” is carried out in order to use them to increase the reliability of the choice of turning modes in the generations of CNC systems equipped with technological intelligence. It is proposed to use the value of the thermo-emf of the test pass as an indirect indicator of the properties of contact pairs composed of a coated carbide tool and a processed steel billet. Models for calculating the cutting speed based on a given tool durability period of a coated carbide tool and predicting the actual cutting tool durability period for given processing conditions are proposed by introducing into their structure an additional informative value about the properties of each contact pair - the thermo-EMF of the test pass. The conducted resistance tests of various carbide plates during the processing of P-group steels showed sufficient reliability of the proposed dependences.
Automated system for design and calculation of heating devices for hot die forging
Authors: Galsanova E , Greshilov A , Kalinin Ya , Yakovlev A
Published: December 2021

Methods of mathematical modeling, basic technologies and methods of modeling in various design systems of the stamping process are considered. The canonical equations of temperature stresses are obtained, which make it possible to obtain a picture of the temperature distribution over the workpiece area during heating. A mathematical model has been developed for a thin metal strip during heating; thermal stresses arising in it due to uneven heating have been described. Numerical modeling has been carried out on the basisof field data, which will allow verification of the automated environment for the selection of functional and design schemes and the calculation of the parameters of heating devices in hot volumetric stamping of workpieces in terms of speed, energy efficiency, heating quality: accuracy of achieving specified temperatures and maximum heating uniformity. By areas, ease of use and readjustment, resource, reliability and maintainability. The proposed system will include the following CAD elements: databases and rules for operating with them, calculation modules, modules for selecting and matching options.
Optimum control of purpose activities in the area of quality based on a linear model of dynamics in state space
Authors: Ivakhnenko A , Anikeeva O , Erenkov O
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the optimization problem formulation at goal-setting in the field of quality on the basis of a dynamics verified linear model in the state space using stepwise and linear laws of enterprise activity management. The classical quadratic functional to find optimal solutions for goal-setting was used. The direct connection of these functional components with the Taguchi loss function for product quality indicators has been substantiated, and the function scope application on the managing purposeful activities process has been expanded. The optimization parameters are determined, which are the amplification factors of the control actions. These actions ensure the actual attainability of the set goals in the field of quality during the time planned period. The optimal solutions search was carried out on the example of the textile and light industry CJSC “Salyut” (St. Petersburg). The functional minimum value in case of stepwise control law is more than 14 times greater than with a linear law. This fact found under the condition of equal unit costs for quality losses and control caused by their deviations from the nominal values. The results obtained can be used for a reasonable choice of the enterprise management law in the goal-setting in the field of quality.
Strength of multilayer metal joints «shaft-sleeve-hub» of rotorcrafts obtained by plastic deformation
Authors: Lesniak S , Dudnik V , Borowy M , Lesniak O
Published: December 2021

Metal multilayer joints are used in the production and repair of transmission parts and control systems of rotorcrafts with intensively wearing surfaces in the form of smooth closed cylindrical and conical holes. The article describes two types of connections: rolled sleeve - hub and shaft - rolled sleeve - hub. The adhesion strength of the joints depends on the frictional forces that prevent the sleeve from displacing relative to the hub. The traction strength is determined by measuring the pressing force and the torque. It depends on the relative tension. An increase in the force of pressing the joint occurs with an increase in the relative tension of mandrel, in proportion to the hardening of the material. The smaller hub wall thickness leads to the more active effect of its springback to the foundation of contact pressure and an increasing of the traction force. Experiments have shown that the forces and moments of traction depend on the angle of the intake cone and the width of the cylindrical tape of the mandrel.
The effect of temperature on the tribological characteristics of high speed steels under conditions of friction without lubricant on the structural steel 30HGSA
Authors: Fominov E V , Shuchev C G
Published: December 2021

This article focuses on the study of the effect of temperature in the contact zone on the process of dissipative structures formation on the surfaces of specimens made of high speed steels (HSS) grades with different levels of thermal entropy and absolute thermo-EMF under conditions of friction without lubricant on the structural steel 30HGSA. Tribological tests were performed on the tribometer which implemented a scheme of friction “pin on disk” at constant sliding speed and normal load values. The temperature in the friction zone has changed artificially from 100 to 300°C with a special intelligent heating device. It has been established experimentally that in the process of friction of HSS specimens characterized by low values of absolute thermo-EMF the dissipative structures thickness growth rate over time at temperatures of 200-250oC decreases or remains virtually unchanged; friction coefficient decreases with the increase in temperature. For specimens made of steels with high absolute thermo-EMF the rates of dissipative structures thickness growth and their utmost thicknesses increase when the contact zone temperature increases, which is accompanied by an increase in friction coefficients.
Experimental Complex for Assessing the Effect of Wear on the Temperature and Vibration of the Tool when Turning Metals
Authors: Lapshin Viktor , Turkin Ilya , Noda Stanislav , Golodze Valera
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to the development of an experimental measuring complex designed for conducting experiments to assess the mutual influence of tool wear, temperature during cutting and vibration activity of the tool when turning metals on metal-cutting machines. In this paper, it is proposed to place three vibration transducer sensors on the tool holder itself, as well as to insert an artificial thermocouple inside the cutting plate. The introduction of the thermocouple is made in such a way that temperature measurements are made close to the back surface of the tool formed during cutting. The conducted studies have shown the high efficiency of the measuring system and the possibility of its use for the identification of mathematical models of the cutting system. Research methods full-scale and numerical experiments in which the Matlab package of mathematical programs was used for data processing and analysis. Results and discussion. The results of full-scale and numerical experiments are presented, in particular, graphs of coordinate changes describing tool deformation, and data sets are obtained that reflect the dependence of the vibrational energy of tool movements on the reaction time of the thermodynamic subsystem of the cutting system.
Research Part Surface Position Influence on Metal Removal and Steady-State Roughness During Vibro-Abrasive Processing
Authors: Mordovtsev Aleksei , Butenko Viktor , Astashkin Aleksei
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of part surface position and its influence on metal removal and steady-state rougness during vibro-abrasive processing. The article raises the differences between vibro-abrasive processing of external and internal part surfaces. Theoretical dependencies analysis for determination on part material removal and surface steady-state roughness is carried out. It is known that available theoretical dependencies do not take into account part surface position for material removal and the steady-state roughness calculation. Experimental researches to determine internal surface material removal with external surface isolation were carried out. The influence of part surface position on the steady-state roughness is investigated. Based on obtained experimental results, the dependence graphs of material removal and roughness on the processing time are constructed. The comparative analysis of the part surface position influence on material removal and the steady-state roughness during vibro-abrasive processing is carried out. The results showed that material removal volume from the internal surface more than from the external for short part length, however material removal volume from the external surfaces grows significantly in case of part length increasing, while from the internal surfaces is not significant. It is established that the internal surface steady-state roughness is ∼1.55 times higher than external surface steady-state roughness after processing in triangular prism 15×15, grit 16.
The Main Ways to Control the Efficiency of Vibration Abrasive Processing
Authors: Prokopets Anatoly , Shenstein Vitaly , Prokopets Tatiana , Melnikova Elena
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the main factors affecting the stability of the technological operation of vibration abrasive processing. The main ways of increasing the efficiency of processing by controlling its stability are revealed. The scheme of adaptive control of the process of vi-broabrasive machining is proposed according to the criterion of stability of the volume of loading of the working chamber, as one of the main factors that determine the stability of the cutting ability of the working medium (tool). The work substantiates the relevance of increasing the efficiency of vibration processing, as one of the promising methods of finishing. As a criterion of efficiency, the processing time was taken to ensure the specified quality indicators of the processed parts. Taking into account the peculiarities of vibroabrasive processing, three options for determining the minimum required processing time are proposed. In order to identify ways to increase the efficiency of processing, the analysis of the structure of the technological system was carried out, the classification of its elements was made. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that a necessary condition for increasing the efficiency of processing is to ensure the stability of the parameters of the technological operation. In this regard, the main factors influencing the stability of the technological operation of vibration abrasive processing using the Ishikawa diagram are highlighted. The paper also presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of the volume of loading the working chamber on the cutting ability of the tool (working environment). Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies, the main ways of increasing the efficiency of processing, including by controlling its stability, have been determined. The scheme of adaptive control of the process of vibroabrasive processing according to the criterion of stability of the volume of loading of the working chamber, as one of the main factors determining the stability of the cutting ability of the working medium (tool), is proposed.
Physical features of control of the surface relief of precision products
Authors: Shalygin Mikhail , Suslov Anatoly , Desyatskaya Lydia
Published: December 2021

The quality precision measurements of the product manufacturing or their surface treatment are considered. The importance of high-precision measurements at high speed, which does not require delivering the product to a special control laboratory, is shown. A precision laser measuring system is developed and manufactured, its kinematic diagram is presented and the calibration process is described. The verification of the measuring process results is given on the example of the parts obtained by polishing and grinding the surface. The dependence of the measurement error calculation is given, it is shown that the error of the measuring system is within acceptable limits. The presented measuring system has the capabilities of processing measurement results and constructing 3D images. Thus, the possibility of obtaining the surface topography parameters in accordance with ISO 25178-1, 25178-2 is shown. The methods of the surface treatment and filtering are used to improve the result accuracy of measuring the manufactured part quality, among which the elimination of the average slope, median filtering, and Wiener filter are described. It is shown that the highest accuracy of measurement results in the nanometre range with minimizing distortion losses is possible using the Wiener filter.
Effect of Wave Thermal Deformation Hardening on the Microhardness of the Surface Layer of Steel Parts
Authors: Kirichek A , Silantyev S , Fedonina S , Yashin A
Published: December 2021

Preliminary experimental studies of the possibility of increasing the microhardness of the surface layer of the material by the method of wave thermodeformational hardening on the example of austenitic steel class 12X18H10T are carried out. Comparative studies on the hardening of the material with and without heating were also carried out. The possibility of a significant increase in the maximum microhardness in the range from 25 to 50% at a depth of up to 0.6 mm, depending on the hardening mode, in comparison with the deformation treatment in the “cold” state is established. The area of technological modes providing the maximum increase of microhardness in the surface layer is revealed, in particular, the temperature of the treated surface should be in the range from 200°C to 400°C. At the same time, the achieved microhardness values exceed the initial one by 1.8…2.2 times, depending on the processing modes. It is also found that when choosing rational processing modes, the combined wave thermal strain hardening can significantly increase the hardening depth to 4.2 mm of the surface layer compared to the initial state. To establish the possibility of improving the performance of combined processing requires additional research.
The eddy-current and ultrasonic investigations of the nickel-base superalloy the gas turbine engine blades after exploitation
Authors: Gonchar A V , Mishakin V V , Klushnikov V A , Kurashkin K V
Published: December 2021

The work carried out microstructural, eddy-current and ultrasonic studies of the material of spent blades of gas turbine engines made of nickel-base superalloy. To determine the degree of damage to the material of the spent blades, studies of the microstructure were carried out on a scanning electron microscope. It was found that γ' coagulation occurred in some specimens, which corresponds to overheated material. Acoustic studies of the material were carried out using the ultrasonic pulse echo method. Comparative analysis showed that in such specimens there is a significant decrease in the velocity of propagation and attenuation of longitudinal ultrasonic waves. It is found that the readings of the eddy-current flaw detector in overheated specimens differ more than twice in comparison with non-overheated specimens. This fact can be used for operational non-destructive testing of the actual state of the metal structure by the eddy current method with the aim of further safe operation of gas turbine engines.
Research of the reliability of a robotic assembly based on the effect of rotation and low-frequency vibrations
Authors: Vartanov M V , Tran T T
Published: December 2021

Using various physical and technical effects in automatic assembly is a promising tendency to increase the technological reliability of the assembly process. The article presents a method for robotic assembly of cylindrical joints using the effect of rotational motion and low-frequency vibrations. The effect can be achieved by using low-frequency vibrations of the base part with the help of a vibrating device and the rotational movement of the installed part with the help of the rotational movement of the robot out-put link. The paper presented a mathematical model of the dynamics of the robotic assembly process of cylindrical joints. Experiments were set up and carried out to test the effectiveness of the proposed assembly method. The research results affirmed that with a rational technological mode of the robotic assembly process using the effect of rotation and low-frequency vibrations, the probability of jamming is completely eliminated and the assembly force is significantly reduced.
Improving the efficiency of machining on metal-cutting machines by aligning the CNC program and the evolutionarily changing cutting dynamics
Authors: Zakovorotny V L , Gvindjiliya V E
Published: December 2021

Modern machines with high accuracy provide an accordance of the trajectories of the executive elements to the CNC program. However, this is not guarantee the same accuracy of manufacturing the part. One of the main reasons for the formation of the geometric defects is the elastic deformations of the tool and the workpiece. It is caused by variations of the cutting forces, changes in the rigidity of the workpiece along the tool path. It depends on changes of the properties of the dynamic link formed by cutting. Therefore, there is a problem of synergetic aligning of controlled trajectories with changing cutting properties. In the article, the regularities of the alignment of external control and internal dynamics are considered on the basis of mathematical modeling of the system in which the trajectories of the executive elements are controlled. The case of accounting the a priori given law of changes of the stiffness of the workpiece is considered. The effectiveness of the alignment is estimated by the reduced costs while ensuring the required quality of the parts.
Operations for the preparation of metal powders for hot isostatic pressing
Authors: Manyanin S , Vaxidov U , Maslov K
Published: December 2021

Powder metallurgy as a method of manufacturing and processing metals is very diverse in its technological methods. This makes it possible to obtain parts of the required quality and necessary properties. Using the methods of powder metallurgy production, specialists can produce the latest composite materials, the production of which is impossible by traditional methods. The production of machine parts and mechanisms from metal powders provides significant savings on material, due to the low consumption coefficient. Metal powders are usually manufactured in specialized factories, but sometimes they are produced directly by the consumer; in this case, the manufacturing process is built in direct accordance with the requirements of this consumer. If the powder comes from a third-party supplier, there is a need for special preparation operations, before starting production, to give the powder certain chemical and physical characteristics. Hot isostatic pressing technology is a complex technological process in which a large number of parameters affect the quality of the final product. The complexity of the GIP process lies in various thermal, physical, and mechanical interactions. In this regard, a large role is played by the processes for preparing the powder for the GIP. The article describes the main operations for the preparation of powder for hot isostatic pressing.
Coefficient of mutual overlap in metal-polymer tribosystems
Authors: Kokhanovskii V , Nihotina N , Nikitina M
Published: December 2021

The polymer hybrid material under study is used as an antifriction coating of the friction contact surface. The experimental studies have been carried out on a special test bed with a reciprocating motion of the tribosystem in conditions of a mutual overlap coefficient less than one. The influence of the most important operational parameters, such as temperature, operating wear and wear rate, has been studied. The temperature was determined in the area of fixing the coating on a metal substrate, since the adhesive strength of the coating ensures the operability of this tribosystem. In addition, for the maximum friction modes, such standard parameters as the wear intensity and service life have been calculated. The wear resistance class has been set.
Methods for increasing the wear resistance of heavy loaded metal-polymer tribosystems
Authors: Kolesnikov I , Novikov E , Kolesnikov V , Sychev A
Published: December 2021

Methods of increasing the wear resistance and reliability of friction units are generating considerable interest being a vital factor in transport, mechanical engineering, and other fields of technology. The solution of the given problem is impossible without the creation of self-regulating structures on the friction contact surfaces. We strongly believe that this problem can be solved by creating multicomponent functional layers (hereafter MFL) on tribocontact.