bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF LOGIC CIRCUITS WITH PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER
Authors: Hinova Аntoaneta
Published: December 2021

The peculiarities of the synthesis and simulation of logical circuits in the Siemens Programmable logic controller-LOGO are considered. The idea is particularly suitable for studying logical schemes in non-electronic technical specialties due to the specifics of work in the programming environment of this type of controllers and the provided that reduced of the simulation. The main objective is to combine the programming and mastery of the synthesis of logical circuits.The program environment of the LOGO Kontroler with its eight basic logic functions and 33 special functions allows the study and mastering of the schemes even without the physical use of the controller this is one of the complex controllers, through which are given examples and can be successfully replaced by similar analogues of other companies. Access to the information could be protected by a password. The range includes power models-DC 12 V; AC/DC 24 V and 115/230 V. For some models in the series, the operating voltage limits are very wide, for example LOGO! 12/24RC works with voltages from 10.8 to 28.8 VDC, a LOGO! 230RC with voltages from 85 to 265 VAC. The logical module features are 8 digital inputs, LOGO! 12/24RC and LOGO! 12/24RC Two of the inputs can be configured as analog inputs with a range of 0-10 V. In the event that work with signals 4-20 mA is required, it is necessary to add a precision resistor parallel to the corresponding input. The resistor must be installed in close proximity to the terminals of the module, if possibleThe resistor must be mounted in close proximity to the terminals of the module, if possible. The resistor is 250 cm/0.250 W/0.1%, the input voltage will vary from 1 to 5 V. Other features of the series are: 4 relay outputs (for LOGO! 24 transistor, with built-in short circuit protection; operating temperature range from 0 to + 55 o C; 80 h operation of the internal clock when power is disconnected; 8 logical functions).Kontroler the Siemens LOGO! Satisfies the requirements for a logical controller for learning purposes on the one hand and the main criteria for selecting a controller on the other. A compact programmable logic controllers used in automation as a relay proxy.It does not cost more than a few relays and its programming is so flexible as connecting the relay. Its only drawback is the fixed number of inputs and outputs and the small memory for programs and data, but it is especially suitable for getting acquainted with Logical schemes for training in non-electronic technical specialties.
USING A TWO-MASS FLYWHEEL ON DRIVE SEWING MACHINES
Authors: Stoychev Stefan
Published: December 2021

In the drive of modern machines depending on the engine used, driven mechanisms, frequency and magnitude of transient processes, vibrations with varying frequency and amplitude occur. In most cases, they are unacceptable, result in damage to the machine's component mechanisms, need for repair, worsen operating conditions. One of the ways to reduce harmful vibrations from the drive of the machine is by using screw-spring systems in the design of clutches, dual-mass flywheels and more. In machine-building constructions, the springs can be operated either individually or as components of spring loaded systems with a common load. Thus, for a given load, a desired value of the deformation, stiffness or a special, e.g. broken or non-linear characteristic can be achieved. There are two main ways of connecting springs to systems - parallel (with the same or different lengths) and consistently, combinations of these modes are possible. In many cases, the screw springs are required to withstand very high loads, this leads to larger dimensions of the spring and therefore incompatibility with the dimensions of the assembled node. In these cases, parallel (multi-directional) cylindrical screw springs are used, in this way load and small size requirements are provided. The springs are located one at the other, and in order to remove the twisting of the end supports, they are in a different direction of the turns. The load is absorbed by all the springs and distributed proportionally according to their stiffness. Upon deformation of the spring, potential deformation energy is accumulated, but can’t be fully returned to the mechanical system. Losses in a cycle of loading and unloading of the spring determine its absorbing (damping) capability, which is important for spring buffers and vibro-insulators. With properly selected and dimensioned spring systems, the large torsional vibrations generated by the engine are largely neutralized, which protects the machine's mechanisms against damage, prolongs the period of operation, improves operating comfort. The proposed method is to determine the basic parameters of a system of springs in the form of a dual-mass flywheel. The flywheel can be successfully used to reduce the harmful impact of vibrations when driving sewing machines directly.
NEWS ABOUT DYEING POLYAMIDE WITH UNCONVENTIONAL DIRECT DYE
Authors: Nikodijevic Milena , Djordjevic Dragan , Vuckovic Nemanja , Smelcerovic Miodrag
Published: December 2021

News about the process of dyeing a polyamide yarn with unconventional direct textile dye, which is conventional for dyeing cotton yarns have described in this study. An attempt to polyamide yarn dyeing with this type of dye in laboratory is done in order to create realistic possibilities for application in industrial conditions. Polyamide is a chemical fiber obtained from synthetically produced polymers, while direct dyes are sulphonated azo compounds: derived from benzidine and his derivates or type of amine diaminostylene and others. In the experiment, the samples of polyamide yarn with linear density of 6,6 tex (units for fineness) has used. The yarn has dyed with a direct dye of a specific structure that has a predisposition to connect to this fiber. Dyeing time with continuous mixing was 5, 10, 15, 25 and 40 minutes. Also, in dyeing solution, to achieve a certain pH solution, acetic acid is added. The applied dye is marked like a C.I. Direct Brown 2 (azo-dye). The constant bulk of solution is contained concentrations of dye 10, 30, 50, 70 and 100 mg/dm3. Samples were dyed at a temperature of 90 °C. The spectrophotometer (Cary 100 Conc UV-VIS, Varian) was used to measure the adsorption of aqueous dyed solutions and to calculate an unknown dye concentration in the solution based on the calibration curve. The degree of dye exhaustion and the amount of adsorbed dye were calculated. The degree of exhaustion at all concentrations, for different dyeing time after 40 min was 80 %. The time of length of contact between the absorbent and the adsorbent, for different concentrations of used dye, results in a higher degree of exhaustion. Noticeable is continuity in the changes in the amount of adsorbate on the adsorbent with the increase of the initial concentration and time, i.e. a bigger amount of dye in the solution or longer dyeing time contribute a higher amount of adsorbed dye per unit mass of the adsorbent. Freundlich's model in the form of nonlinear or linear isotherms proved to be the most effective in the simulating the polyamide dyeing. High functionality of the variables was detected, the coefficient of determination was 0,95. Dyeing of polyamide with direct dye expands the dye spectrum that can be dyed the polyamide yarns. Dyeing of the yarn at a higher temperature gives better results than dyeing at a lower temperature. The results of this research with achieved efficiency indicate the possibility of a different approach in the dyeing the polyamide yarn with direct dyes, in order to further development of the industrial process. For better results, it necessary to carefully select the compistion of the bath and the method od dyeing, to elaborate the phase of dyeing to achieve good dyeing of fiber. It has been shown that dzeing at a higher temperature increases adsorption of dye. It has been determined that dyeing - adsorption depends on the contact time and the initial dye concentration.
NEW KNOWLEDGE ABOUT POLYAMIDE FILAMENT DYEING WITH ANIONIC DYE
Authors: Nikodijevic Milena , Vuckovic Nemanja , Smelcerovic Miodrag , Djordjevic Dragan
Published: December 2021

The new knowledge through a concrete scientific study of the dyeing process of polyamide filament yarns (nylon yarn) with anionic dye in slightly acidic medium without any other additives (electrolyte, yeast, equalizer, etc.) in order to transfer the process in industrial conditions have investigated in this study. Generally, polyamide fibers (nylon, PA) have a different but similar chemical composition, depending on the base materials used for their synthesis. Anionic dye is usually used for dyeing cellulosic materials, but in special cases it can also be used for dyeing other textile raw materials. In this study, samples of polyamide filament yarn of linear density of 151 Nm have dyed with anionic dye at a temperature of 95 °C. Acetic acid was added in the dyeing solution to adjust the pH of the medium. The used dye is marked like C.I. Direct Red 1. The used dye concentrations for dyeing the samples were 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/dm3, while the time of the dyeing process were 5, 10, 15, 25 and 40 minutes. At the end of dyeing, the absorbance measuring at the maximum wavelength (520 nm) was performed using a spectrophotometer (Cary 100 Conc UV-VIS, Varian). From the results, the degree of exhaustion dye and the amount adsorbed dye are obtained. The degree of dye exhaustion compared to initial dye concentration for different dyeing time, after 40 min was 70 %. The influence of the contact length between adsorbate (dye) and absorbent (polyamide yarn) on dye is evident i.e. a longer time contributes to a bigger degree of exhaustion. Changing the adsorbed amount of adsorbate on the adsorbent for different initial concentrations and dyeing time shows continuity in changes during initial concentration and time growth, i.e. a bigger amount of dye in the solution or longer dyeing time cause a bigger amount of adsorbed dye per unit mass of the adsorbent. Isotherms of adsorption are of big importance for the study of the dyeing process, so more of them were used in this study, but thee isothermal Halsey model was the most effective for clarifying process of dyeing. High functionality of the variables was detected with Halsey model (coefficient of determination=0,995). The process of dyeing polyamides with used dye solves the problem of large quantities of electrolytes and surfactants in wastewater after dyeing. The results show that the addition of acetic acid in solution, gives a bigger dye adsorption to the fiber. For better results, it is necessary to carefully select to the appropriate of the bath (appropriate acid, mineral-organic, some additives, etc.), the temperature-time regime od dyeing process, as well as the dyeing stage itself. For better results, it is necessary to carefully select the appropriate composition of the bath (appropriate acid, mineral-organic, some additives, etc.), the temperature-time regime of the dyeing process, as well as the dyeing phase.
INTERACTIVE FASHION AS A PERFORMANCE
Authors: Savić Milena , Frfulanović-Šomođi Dragana
Published: December 2021

By exploring performance, body and clothing as a visual and communication strategy, fashion reveal a hybrid practice that has emerged and is being considered in the context of fashion shows. Focusing on the common understanding of clothing and body and similarity in methodologies both in experimental fashion and in performance and communication, the area of this work lies between interaction, fashion, and performance, mainly observed through the notion of fashion shows.The methodology relies on the analysis of the practice and theory of contemporary fashion, design, and performance, exposing interdisciplinary approaches and exchanging ideas that point to hybrid practice between these two disciplines. Putting clothes at the heart of this debate it is possible to take into account how emotional and physical factors, as well as the body itself, contribute to the creation, intentions, and reading of such a work. It is suggested that this area of work can be viewed as a body that is self-contained in scenographic practice.The paper concludes that there is a whole series of embodied practices in which fashion designers work with clothing and body and any attempt to categorize within formal fashion designs can limit creative advancement.
MODERN MIDDLE AGE IN HIGH FASHION THROUGH THE DESIGN OF ALEKSANDAR JOKSIMOVIĆ
Authors: Frfulanović-Šomođi Dragana , Savić Milena
Published: December 2021

The design of socialist Yugoslavia received a particularly new look through the creation of Aleksandar Joksimović, which gave the new elements a traditional look, equally putting them in rank with world-famous designs of celebrated designers. This paper was created with the idea of emphasizing the importance of the creativity of Joksimović, which is within the framework of socialist norms, as an artist, remained insufficiently recognized, although his work was in the service of exclusive promotion of the cultural aspects of his country. His concept of design based on the medieval cultural tradition emerged from the framework of the then socialist clothes, and it is called grandiose exoticism. The names of the first collections given by the historical figures of medieval Serbian history are a clear indication that it is possible to draw inspiration from the past, if it is professionally approached and adequately, by contemporary trends, the audience and the market. Joksimovic's individualism, apart from design, was also reflected in the way the collection itself was modeled through models and choreographies, and clearly once again showed his step ahead of time, while the social and political circumstances forced him to stay one step behind.
TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTERS
Authors: Trpeski Pavle , Ajdini Samir , Mehmedi Almedina
Published: December 2021

The number of challenges and crises that are threatening the human race today have its own consequences, so it can be used by timely and cooperative measures to minimize or diminish what is happening as an imperative for our current experiences. Natural disasters are a consequence of the negative impact of some natural danger on the planet. Natural catastrophes are non-threatening, and we have a technology that will predict them, we can not stop it from going down. When the catastrophes happen because of some natural force, these are called natural catastrophes, which man does not have any control. Some honest natural catastrophes are landlords, castles, floats, droughts, cyclones, and so on. There have been different types of natural disasters and the number of crashes caused by the catastrophe caused to be so different. The prostitute is growing up and we forget the story that we are provoking to our animals. The catastrophes caused by human dullness and lack of mastery or the inadequate corridence of dangerous machinery are called accidents caused by man-made or accidental catastrophes.
ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT, POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Lazarevski Vasko , Dicevic Jasmina
Published: December 2021

Ecology the science of the relations among living organisams and the environment where they live is a rather new scientific discipline that has gone through an extrodinarily intensive development in the 20th century, all the way to a multidisciplinary science whose local point also entrails human and all human's activities and the products thereof, in recent times. The aforesaid rapid devoloment of ecology owes to the identically rapid growth of human society in the past century, which brought about drastic and far reaching changes to biosphere. The task of ecology remains to be the explanation of the newly occured relationships in the environment.The interest in ecology from a scientific and expert aspect is great in our country, too. In that sense, a considerable number oд individual researchers and institutions have played an important role in the development of ecology in Macedonia.The survival of humanity depends on natural resources, so we must know how much we use them now and how much we should use them in the future.In this paper , special attention was devoted to considerations relating to one of the broadest of applied sustainability indicators ecological footprint , which indicates the relationship between human demands and generative capacity of the biosphere.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING STATE OF THE CROSSROADS AND PROPOSAL OF A SOLUTION OF REGULATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC BY PRESENTATION OF MODELING BY PTV - VISSIM SOFTWARE
Authors: Destanović Emira
Published: December 2021

The plan of this paper is focused on road traffic, regulating the intersection with light traffic signs and providing proposals for the planned strategic solution for achieving sustainability. It defines concrete activities and programs that will contribute to the sustainable development of the area based on the analysis of the current state of traffic. Through the implementation of the strategic plan, this plan will maintain urban mobility, the rapid passage of all traffic participants, also the conditions to fulfill the sustainable development that global experts have designated as; Ensure easy and healthy life with less air pollution for all traffic users, access to reliable traffic regulation programs, maintain modern energy to encourage new innovations in the form of transport. Build a resilient infrastructure by analyzing software simulations, and foster innovation by fostering the use of new technology. The strategic problems of developed cities require careful consideration and implementation of innovative approaches to creating strategic solutions. Contemporary ways of innovative arrangements and programs, based on sound regulation, are increasingly being used in practice, replacing new urban development instruments that are more appropriate to the needs of public administration and the possibilities of civilization. Global problems and accelerated dynamics of urban growth, above all, imply the use of innovative technology. The criterion for implementing the efficiency of technology in reaching the provision of an adequate quality of life. Strategic solution, which is implemented in the software as one of the newest urban development instruments, is specifically aimed at achieving the set goals, while respecting the principle of sustainability of traffic regulation, which is a strategic issue in many countries. Its basic characteristic is due to the development policies and the desired future through the dialogue of the wide traffic network. To make cities and other settlements, safe, resistant and sustainable strategic promotion of better development planning and incentivize modeling on the PTV VISION platform. Creating this plan will enable all future projects and ideas to be based on the unique programs provided by the software to ensure the consistency of the strategic approach. This means that the same importance will be attached to large infrastructure projects, as well as to projects of peaceful traffic planning or improvement of local main roads. The 'PTV-VISSIM' software program becomes an umbrella document for all transport and transport planning activities in this regard. The desired direction will be established and the key initiatives for the realization of the strategy for the next few years will be presented.
REINFORCEMENT OF THE BRIDGE RABOVCE
Authors: Morina Naser
Published: December 2021

The overall objectives of the project is to identify and describe the repair and strengthening bridges on the N2 Road, on Rabovce on the road Pristina – Blace section, in order to meet the required level of safety and service for international heavy road traffic. This in accordance with the design criteria of Euro code.Optimal repair and strengthening methods are sought considering the entire assemblage of bridges. Alternative methods may be described for the individual bridge, if relevant. If possible, the total amount of repair and strengthening works will be described as a set of additive works in such a way that the parts of works to be carried out in the near future can be selected. These works should then be selected dependent on a prioritisation of aspects related to load capacity, traffic safety and durability.The repair and strengthening works are defined from comparison of the actual condition of the bridges with the requirements as laid down in Euro codes. The condition of the bridge is evaluated by considering the condition of the structural elements combined with an estimation of the load bearing capacity of the bridge.
THE LIBERAL AND LIBERTARIAN VIEW OF THE WELLFARE STATE
Authors: Sharlamanov Kire
Published: December 2021

The reduction of the state of well-being is a current topic both in the general and in the professional public. There is debate in the professional public about the reasons that caused the welfare state to decline. An important part of the researchers point out that the collapse of communism, among other things, has resulted in a reduction of welfare states around the world. However, the number of analysts who consider that the idolatical movements and the debates between the Liberals and the Libertarian have also influenced the practices associated with the reduction of the welfare state. In order to understand the differences between these two ideological doctrines, in this text we will consider the basic positions of the most prominent liberal author John Rawls and the most notable libertarian author Robert Noizick.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND KOSOVO’S POLITICAL ACTORS
Authors: Zajmi Ilire
Published: December 2021

Social media are changing the nature of mass communication, demediating traditional media. They are being used as powerful platforms for the distribution and dissemination of information, activities, promotion of institutions, certain groups of interest of individuals, but also political actors for different purposes.Placing and disseminating information through the opportunities offered by social media enables the mobilization of a wider audience in new ways and ways. Politicians are exploiting these opportunities provided by social networks, without having to put information through journalists or traditional media. There are two theories in the literature regarding the use of social networks, optimistic and pessimistic theory. According to optimistic theory, social networks provide opportunities to compete for power. Theorists of this theory of using social media think that in the digital age, we are witnessing the transformation of information and the audience that uses them. According to them, the global success of social media has made it possible for everyone to connect directly to his audience through the platforms offered. With the use of these platforms, politicians gain attention and at the same time build a symmetrical or asymmetric relationship with their followers.Pessimistic theory, however, blames the social media for the use of false promise, and a pseudo-modernization of modern society. Studies believe that involvement in social networks and political actors at the same time implies a greater engagement of the audience that absorbs the information disclosed and affects the democratization of political competition. This paper aims to analyze the use of social networks as a means of information dissemination by Kosovar political actors and the content of the information being disclosed.The paper analyzes the posts of three key Kosovar politicians, Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj, President Hashim Thaçi and Kosovo Assembly Speaker Kadri Veseli in their profiles on Facebook and Twitter social networks during a one-month monitoring period during May 2019
C3 AND C4 COMPLEMENT – BIOMARKERS FOR PROGNOSIS OF TREATMENT OF TNF-BLOKERS
Authors: Popova Stanislava , Geneva Mariela
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The complement system adds antibodies and helps phagocytic cells to destroy pathogens from the body. This is part of a congenital immune system that is not adaptive and does not change over the individual life. However, complement can be "triggered" by the adaptive immune system. The complement system is the main effector of the humoral patr of the immune system. Activation of complement results in opsonization, chemotaxis and cytolysis. Regulation of the complement system can control inflammatory diseases including psoriatic arthritis and vice versa, complement fixation disorders can lead to illness. Treatment with anti-TNF blokers complement activity in patients with inflammatory joint diseases.Objective: To investigate C3, C4 fractions of complement, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and complement the response prediction and monitoring of anti-TNF treatment in patients with psoriatic arthritis.Materials and Methods: 36 patients were included sequentially before treatment with TNF-a-blokers. C3, C4, ESR, CRP were assessed at baseline at 6 and 12 months after initiation of treatment with TNF-α blockers. The activity of the disease is measured by the DARSA disease activity scale, the responses being compared with a control group of persons similar in gender and age. Statistical data processing was performed using the SPSS v25.Results and conclusions: According to the results obtained, C3 and C4 were significantly higher than controls at initiation of treatment (C3 111.3 ± 30.8, C4 91.9 ± 12.4 mg / dl, controls 19.1 ± 8.3 mg / dl, 10.2 ± 5.6 mg / dl p = 0.001, p = 0.001). At 6 and 12 months of follow-up, 76.2% of patients had a reduction in the level of C3 and C4 (p = 0.002, 0.001, respectively). It was found that higher baseline levels of C3 were associated with higher DARSA values at 6 and 12 months.Conclusion: The study of the C3 and C4 complement fractions can be used as biomarkers to estimate the prognosis of TNF-blocker therapy.
USING SPSS FOR RESEARCH AND DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: Alili Agron , Krstev Dejan
Published: December 2021

There is no question that business, education, and all fields of science have come to rely heavily on the computer. This dependence has become so great that it is no longer possible to understand social and health science research without substantial knowledge of statistics and without at least some rudimentary understanding of statistical software. The number and types of statistical software packages that are available continue to grow each year. In this paper we have chosen to work with SPSS, or the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. SPSS was chosen because of its popularity within both academic and business circles, making it the most widely used package of its type. SPSS is also a versatile package that allows many different types of analyses. transformations, and forms of output - in short, it will more than adequately serve our purposes. The SPSS software package is continually being updated and improved, and so with each major revision comes a new version of that package. In this paper, we will describe and use the most recent version of SPSS, called SPSS for Windows, in order to use this text for data analysis, your must have access to the SPSS for Windows software package.The capability of SPSS is truly astounding. The package enables you to obtain statistics ranging from simple descriptive numbers to complex analyses of multivariate matrices. You can plot the data in histograms, scatterplots, and other ways. You can combine files, split files, and sort files. You can modify existing variables and create new ones. In short, you can do just about anything you'd ever want with a set of data using this software package. A number of specific SPSS procedures are relevant to the kinds of statistical analyses covered in an introductory level statistics or research methods course typically found in the social and health sciences, natural sciences, or business. Yet, we will touch on just a fraction of the many things that SPSS can do. Our aim is to help то become familiar with SPSS, and we hope that this introduction will both reinforce our understanding of statistics and lead us to see what a powerful tool SPSS is, how it can actually help you better understand your data, how it can enable you to test hypotheses that were once too difficult to consider, and how it can save our incredible amounts of time as well as reduce the likelihood of making errors in data analyses. We show how to create a data file and generate an output file. We also discuss how to name and save the different types of files created in the three main SPSS windows. This paper will present a software presentation from a survey on socio-economic and environmental research.
DISTRIBUTION AND FREQUENCY OF BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS AMONG STUDENTS
Authors: Panayotov Kiril
Published: December 2021

The health status of the population for the last few years is connected with increased frequency and severity of chronic non-infectious diseases, including diseases of blood circulation, respiratory diseases, diabetes, cancers, psychosis and traumatism. They are at the base of the disease-related mortality and the researching of this problem show the existence of common risk factors which are related with the life style. A feature of the non-infectious diseases is their massive appearance as a result of many reasons and exposure to risk factors with a long-term impact. Throughout their lives, people are exposed to many factors which are affecting their health. Most of the behavioral risk factors increase the probable appearance of adversely health events and the opportunity of developing a particular disease. Among the variety of risk factors in our modern society basically stand out as follows: smoking, alcohol and psychoactive drugs abuse, psychosocial stress, irrational nutrition, unhealthy sexual behavior and self-healing. The risk factors do not occur in isolation one from another and do not impact alone so one factor in many cases is connected with more than one disease and the diseases appear and develop as a result of interaction of many reasons and predisposing factors. That is why controllable and modifiable risk factors deserve a special attention as a part of behavioral health determinants. The spread of behavioral risk factors among young people, including students is a current issue. We can see an increase of frequency of these factors, decrease of the starting age of use and abuse of the listed substances and increase of their weight on population level. The object of this study are the students of Ruse University “Angel Kanchev” and their exposure to three risk factors-smoking, use of alcohol and psychoactive substances, as we are analyzing their frequency among the studied population and to what extend they are distributed among the students. In this study we are following the contemporary attitude to specific behavioral risk factors and their current characteristics, we are studying the preconditions leading to use of psychotropic substances among students and we are defining the combination of the studied risk factors and to what extent they are distributed among the population. The expectations of this study were that it would help to evaluate correctly the distribution of these behavioral risk factors among this young population. This can be helpful in developing of prevention and intervention programs for limiting of chronic non-infectious diseases and of their negative influence on the socio-economic development.
HEDGING IN RESEARCH MEDICAL ARTICLES: A CROSS-LINGUISTIC BULGARIAN-ENGLISH STUDY
Authors: Dagnev Ivaylo
Published: December 2021

In linguistics, the word “hedge” has the meaning of "mitigating", “reducing the power of expression”. It was Brown and Levinson [1], who, based on Goffman's work [2], [3], introduced the concepts of “Positive Face” and “Negative Face”. The latter is the need for an individual not to be interrupted, while the former is the desire to be liked and approved by others (Goffman, 1967). Hedging, from a theoretical point of view, is a form of the author's Ethos and identity, their degree of presence in the text. It also suggests that there may be factors in language interaction that make it possible for the sender's message to be perceived as a "threat" - for example, when using the English personal pronoun "YOU" in summarizing, the recipient can subconsciously associate themselves with the referrer of the personal pronoun. Given that scientific hypotheses are proven or refuted in RMA, it is quite natural for the authors to resort to different strategies of distancing or expressing solidarity (Meyers 1989).Objectification strategies of expression also determine the authorial place in the scientific discourse in the socializing community. The author's ethos can be explored by analyzing the different epistemic markers associated with their drive for persuasion and confidence. The study presents a quantitative and qualitative analyses of research medical articles with regard to their strategies for objectification. It is based on a corpus of 207 articles in Bulgarian and 129 in English, all excerpted from prestigious high impact factor journals. The analysis of the different hedging markers has been implemented by using Wordsmith Tools word analyzing programme, version 6.0. (Scott 2012). By examining the different markers for the presence or absence of the author in the text, we can grasp the architectonics of the RMA - not only the certainty encoded in rhetorical conviction, but also the most important feature - the “topos” of authorial perception in the scientific discourse. From the data obtained with regard to hedging, it can be concluded that in both languages, hedge structures are strongly determined by the standards imposed by the discourse community and are similar in volume and content, while the linguistic means inherent in the respective language mediate and define differences in surface structures - especially in view of the greater expression of modal verbs in the articles from the English corps and the "offset" in the BC articles respectively - mainly by means of depersonalization strategies. The very rhetorical structure of the articles of both corpora implies insignificant differences as regards the structure and distribution of hedge forms. In general, the rhetorical function of these forms has an equivalent linguistic force in the excerpted texts of the two large corpora.
THE ACADEMIC CAPITALISM AND THE NEW BUSINESS MODEL OF THE UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Bogdanova Margarita , Terziev Venelin
Published: December 2021

The report examines the phenomenon of academic capitalism and the potential consequences of its spread, and the capacity of universities to meet the challenges of entrepreneurship as an organizational management model. Special emphasis is placed on the differentiated effect on universities, depending on the area in which they conduct teaching and research, as well as on the peculiarities of the university business model in the changing environment of the higher education schools.
ТHE AGREEMENT WITH THE REPUBLIC OF GREECE ON RESOLUTION THE DISPUTE OF NAME AND MACEDONIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY
Authors: Risteski Temelko , Dzhafche Sejdefa , Sijic Vesna
Published: December 2021

On 17.6.2018, in the village of Nivitsi on the Greek coast of Prespa Lake, the heads of diplomacy of Macedonia and Greece, Nikola Dimitrov and Nikos Kodzias, signed the "Final Agreement for Disputes described in Resolutions 817 (1993) and 845 (1993) of the United Nations Security Council to cease the validity of the 1995 Interim Accord and to establish a strategic partnership between the parties."According to the Agreement, the new name the Republic of Macedonia is "Republic of North Macedonia". It will be used erga omnes, that is, at every opportunity both in the country and abroad. The terms "Macedonia" and "Macedonian" in relation to the Republic of North Macedonia denote its territory, language, people and their characteristics, with their own history, culture, and heritage. The official language of the country is Macedonian, while citizenship is "Macedonian / Citizen of the Republic of North Macedonia". The agreement was also signed by UN mediator Matthew Nimetz. This agreement, also known in the public, as the Prespa Treaty, ended the name dispute between Macedonia and Greece.Following the ratification of the Agreement by the parliaments of the two countries, it commenced its implementation. In the procedure for its implementation, the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia adopted four amendments at its session on 11 January 2019: amending the constitutional name of the Republic of Macedonia in the Republic of North Macedonia, amending the preamble to the Constitution of the Republic, amending Article 3 and replacement of Article 49 of the Constitution (Amendments XXXIII to XXXXVI).The signing of the Agreement divided the Macedonian public. Some (the majority) supported and still support the Agreement, some strongly opposed it. The opposition has regularly been followed by criticism on the Agreement. The criticisms often contained two theses: the first of them was that by the implementation of the Agreement the identity of the Macedonian people would be lost, and the second, always related to the first, that the identity of the Macedonian state would be lost. In this paper we have made an effort to prove the inaccuracy of those theses by applying the method of content analysis based on the principles of formal logic and the dialectical method.
Analisis Struktur Kepemilikan dan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Manajemen Laba pada Perusahaan di Bursa Efek Idonesia
Authors: Yolanda Jova , Efriyenti Dian
Published: December 2021

Earnings management practice is the decision to choose a particular accounting method that can achieve the goal of increasing reported profits or reducing investment losses. Misappropriation of financial statements by management can affect the amount of reported income. This study aims to determine whether ownership structure and good corporate governance have a significant influence on earnings management. The study was conducted on pharmaceutical sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in a row for the 2016-2020 period. The sample technique used is purposive sampling, so as many as 7 samples of companies are used. The data testing method uses multiple linear analysis. The results of the data test show that partially institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on earnings management, independent commissioners, the audit committee, and the board of directors has a negative but not significant effect on earnings management. Simultaneously the results state that institutional ownership, independent commissioners, audit committees, and the board of directors have an effect but not significantly on earnings management.
Pengaruh Limbah Beton sebagai Pengganti Agregat Kasar terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton
Authors: Ishaq Maulana , Nasmirayanti Rita , Trinanda Asri Yuda
Published: December 2021

Concrete is the main material factor in a construction project field that is often used, because concrete has a high compressive strength value so it is very useful for structural buildings to withstand axial forces or compressive forces on the building itself where the structure can be used. for the long term. However, along with the increase in construction development in Indonesia, it has a negative impact on the environment around the construction site because with the rampant construction of this building it will trigger environmental pollution due to the remaining concrete waste from the construction project. On this basis, it encourages the author to conduct research by utilizing waste concrete as a substitute for coarse aggregate for the compressive strength of concrete, by reusing the concrete waste will increase the life of the material from the waste itself. In this study, the materials used were tested first, such as; cement density, silt content, water content, specific gravity absorption, wear testing and sieve analysis on aggregates. Then for the concrete mixture using concrete waste with variations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the total weight of coarse aggregate. In this study, the compressive strength at the age of 21 days with a mixture of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concrete had a compressive strength of 200.92 kg/cm2, 188.83 kg/cm2, 206, respectively. 96 kg/cm2, 177.50 kg/cm2, and 179.01 kg/cm2. Then experienced an average shrinkage of 9.53 kg/cm2 at the age of 28 days. The optimum compressive strength is at 50% mixed variation, with a value of 206.96 kg/cm2 because it has an increase of 3% higher than normal concrete compressive strength with a mixing ratio of 1:2.5:3.5 and a slump value of ±13.25 cm and the dry weight of the concrete is 7.69 kg.
Animal Studies in Contemporary British Drama: The Divide between Stef Smith’s Non-Human and Human Animals
Authors: TAN Cenk , ÖZMEN AKDOĞAN Özlem
Published: December 2021

Scottish playwright Stef Smith’s Human Animals (2016) recounts the fictional story of a government exterminating all animals in London with the pragmatic pursuit of building commercial construction sites on their natural habitats. In line with recent trends of thought, dramatic texts are getting more engaged with different natures of the relationship between human animals and non-human animals. In this context, animal studies posit a focal place in the analysis of Smith’s contemporary play, Human Animals. Animal studies take into account the interconnections between humans and animals, thereby making it possible to problematise the concepts of anthropocentrism and speciesism in works of literature. This study aims to analyse Stef Smith’s Human Animals as an example by using critical animal studies perspectives with an emphasis on the essentialist human-animal divide. In a more specific context, the article reveals the impact of anthropocentrism through a case study that exemplifies humanity’s vicious plans to eradicate all non-human beings for the sake of profit and personal interest. Stef Smith presents different characters which embody disparate viewpoints and exposes the anthropocentric nature of humanity. Smith’s portrayal of a dystopian setting not only aims at criticising anthropocentric line of thought but also exposes humanity’s tendencies towards speciesism.
Göç Nedeniyle Van Kırgızlarının Doğumla İlgili Gelenek-Göreneklerinde ve Çocukluk Dönemindeki Geçiş Törenlerinde Oluşan Değişimler
Authors: BAPAEVA Aya
Published: December 2021

Van Kırgızları, Afganistan topraklarında yer alan Pamir’den 1978’te 1300 kişilik grupla önce Pakistan’a, sonra 1982’de 1138 kişilik bir kafileyle Türkiye’ye göç eden ve Van iline yerleştirilen bir etnik gruptur. Göç, 1978’ten bu yana bu topluluğun sosyo-kültürel yapısında bir takım değişimlerin oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu araştırmada, bir topluluğun sosyo-kültürel niteliklerini en iyi şekilde ortaya koyan bilim alanlarından biri olan halkbilimi materyali ve inceleme yöntemlerinden hareketle, göçün doğumla ilgili gelenek-göreneklere ve çocukluk dönemindeki geçiş törenlerine etkisi, özellikle de değişimler ortaya koyulmuştur. Bir etnik grubun varlığı sosyo-kültürel kimliğini devam ettirmesiyle mümkün olabilir. Fakat Pamir’den göç etmek zorunda kalan ve önce Pakistan’a, sonra Türkiye’ye yerleşen Kırgızların yıllar geçtikçe sosyo-kültürel kimliklerini kaybetmekte olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Makale, doğumla ilgili gelenek-görenekler ve çocukluk dönemindeki geçiş törenleri örneğinde bu konuya halkbilimi bakış açısından yaklaşarak, durumun ciddiyetini ortaya koyması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada yer alan bilgilerin bir bölümü 2010-2015 yılları arasında Van Kırgızları arasında yapılan saha araştırmasında elde edilmiştir.
Remote magnetic navigation ablation of incisional atrial flutters in adolescent with a giant right atrium after surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot and Ebstein's anomaly
Authors: Romanov A. B. , Bogachev-Prokopiev A. V. , Ivantsov S. M. , Beloborodov V. V. , Mikheenko I. L. , Shabanov V. V.
Published: December 2021

We describe a clinical case of a 17-years-old adolescent with congenital heart disease after three open-heart surgery procedures for correction of tetralogy of Fallot and Ebstein's anomaly who presented with drug-resistant, persistent atrial flutter and giant right atrium (8.2 cm by transthoracic echocardiography). The successful ablation procedure of the two types of incisional atrial flutter was performed using remote magnetic navigation without any complications with 2.2 minutes of fluoroscopy. The patient remained free of any arrhythmias without antiarrhythmic drugs during 12 months of follow-up with a reduction of right atrium size (5.8 cm by transthoracic echocardiography).
Intraprocedural electrocardiographic imaging of a hemodynamically unstable ischemic ventricular tachycardia originating from the interventricular septum
Authors: Taimasova I. A. , Yashkov M. V. , Artyukhina E. A. , Revishvili A. Sh.
Published: December 2021

The article presents a clinical case of catheter treatment of hemodynamically unstable ischemic ventricular tachycardia originating from interventricular septum using electrocardiographic imaging and high-density endocardial substrate mapping.
MİLLİ MÜCADELE'DEN GÜNÜMÜZE YEREL BİR GAZETE: YENİ ADANA
Authors: YILDIZ Filiz , ÜNAL Sevda
Published: December 2021

1918 yılının sonlarında başladığı yayın hayatını halen sürdüren Yeni Adana, Türkiye’nin en eski yerel gazetesi olarak bilinmektedir. Gazete, işgal altındaki Adana’da zorluklar içinde yayımlanırken, bağımsızlık savaşına destek vermiş, kamuoyu oluşturarak halkın Milli Mücadele’ye olan inancını güçlendirmiştir. Bu çalışmada öğretmen Ahmet Remzi Yüreğir ve Avni Doğan Bey’in vatan savunmasına bir gazete ile destek verme düşünceleri doğrultusunda yayımladıkları Yeni Adana gazetesi ele alınmaktadır. Nitel araştırma deseni ile hazırlanan bu çalışmada sözlü tarih çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sözlü tarih çalışmaları, toplumun kültürel yapısına ilişkin veri sağlamakta ve bu kapsamda gerçekleştirilen görüşmeler, resmi tarihte gözden kaçırılan unsurların eleştirel bir şekilde değerlendirilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle ilgili literatür ve gazetenin çevrimiçi ortamda ulaşılan sayıları incelenmiş, ardından gazetenin imtiyaz sahibi Çetin Remzi Yüreğir ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yapılmıştır. Yüreğir, gazetenin geçmişi ve bugününü, hatıraları ve deneyimlerine dayanarak aktarmış ayrıca yerel basının güncel sorunları ve gazetecilikte yeni yönelimler ile ilgili tespitlerde bulunmuştur. Görüşmede öne çıkan; gazetenin toplumsal sorumluluğu ve misyonu, internet gazeteciliği ve sosyal medyanın yerel gazetelere sunduğu olanaklar, değişen gazetecilik pratikleri, okur ile etkileşim ve yurttaş gazeteciliğinin önemi gibi başlıca temalar, çalışmanın bulgular kısmında, alt başlıklar halinde irdelenmektedir.