bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-assembled cell-scale containers made from DNA origami membranes
Authors: Karfusehr Christoph , Eder Markus , Simmel Friedrich C.
Published: February 2024

DNA origami provides a methodology for the sequence-programmable generation of precisely defined molecular nanostructures with sizes of order 100 nm. A new frontier for the field is the generation of superstructures made from DNA origami subunits, which requires other self-assembly strategies than those used for DNA origami itself. Challenges faced by current approaches include the increasing complexity, cost and development time for the structures and off-target assembly. Here, we demonstrate how radially symmetric origami subunits that are inspired by the structure and interactions of lipids organize into giant DNA origami monolayer membranes that can be readily programmed to form vesicles or hollow tubes with diameters ranging from 100 nm to over 1 µm. DNA origami membranes are an unprecedented approach for compartmentalization that opens up new possibilities for bottom-up biology and cell-scale soft robotics.
Similar mechanisms of retron-mediated anti-phage defense for different families of tailed phages
Authors: García-Rodríguez Fernando Manuel , Martínez-Abarca Francisco , Wilkinson Max E. , Toro Nicolás
Published: February 2024

Bacterial retrons are tripartite systems consisting of a cognate non-coding RNA, reverse transcriptase, and additional (effector) protein with diverse predicted enzymatic functions. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of Retron-Eco11, a novel type III-A3 retron system associated with a phosphoribosyltransferase-like effector protein, in phage defense. Here, we show that the Retron-Eco11 tripartite system protects against phage infection and that UvsW and D10, two functional homolog helicases found in T4 and T5 phages, respectively, serve as specific triggers for the Retron-Eco11 defense system. Our findings confirmed that msDNA and both protein components of the intron complex are indispensable for its protective function. Once the retron system detects the activity of these helicase proteins, it activates the toxicity of the effector protein bound to the retron complex, leading to an abortive infection. These findings underscore the application of a comparable anti-phage defense strategy using Retron-Eco11 across diverse phage families. This should aid in deciphering the processes through which the Retron complex detects and identifies the invading phages.
Focused ultrasound increases gene delivery to deep brain structure following the administration of a recombinant adeno-associated virus in the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Kofoed Rikke Hahn , Noseworthy Kate , Wu Kathleen , Vecchio Laura Marie , Dibia Chinaza Lilian , Sivadas Shuruthisai , Wu Sheng-Kai , Mikloska Kristina , White Malik , Elmer Bradford , Ramachandran Shyam , Mueller Christian , Hynynen Kullervo , Aubert Isabelle
Published: February 2024

Gene delivery via adeno-associated viral vectors can provide lasting clinical benefits following a one-time treatment. Delivery throughout the brain is needed for the treatment of neurological disorders with widespread pathology, including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Most gene vectors have poor diffusion in the brain tissue. Furthermore, it is only at high intravenous doses that gene vectors can overcome the blood-brain barrier. In contrast, relatively lower doses of gene vectors injected in the cerebrospinal fluid enable significant transduction of superficial brain regions. The remaining challenge and unmet need of gene therapy is to deliver gene vectors to deep brain structures using a minimally invasive strategy. Here, we demonstrate that non-invasive focused ultrasound blood-brain barrier modulation can increase the delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus by 5-fold to deep brain structures following injection in the cisterna magna. Delivery of adeno-associated viral vectors to the central nervous system, via administration in the cerebrospinal fluid, is being evaluated in several clinical trials for treating beta-galactosidase-1 deficiency, Batten disease, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. Our findings suggest that the efficacy of gene therapies delivered in the cerebrospinal fluid can be enhanced by targeting brain areas of interest with focused ultrasound.

Significance statement

Administration of viral vectors in the cerebrospinal fluid through the cisterna magna is being evaluated in patients with neurological disorders. Focused ultrasound combined with intravenous microbubbles safely increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in humans and enables delivery of intravenous adeno-associated virus in non-human primates. Here, we demonstrate that combining these two clinically relevant gene delivery methods, intracisterna magna administration and focused ultrasound with microbubbles, can facilitate gene delivery to superficial and deep brain structures. Our findings have the potential to increase the efficacy of gene therapies, particularly for disorders with brain regions that have remained difficult to reach.
Data-driven analyses of social complexity in bees reveal phenotypic diversification following a major evolutionary transition
Authors: Peled Ohad , Greenbaum Gili , Bloch Guy
Published: February 2024

How social complexity evolved is a long-standing enigma. In most animal groups, social complexity is typically classified into a few discrete classes. This approach is oversimplified and constrains our inference of social evolution to a narrow trajectory consisting of transitions between classes. This approach also limits quantitative studies on the molecular and environmental drivers of social complexity. However, the recent accumulation of relevant quantitative data has now set the stage to overcome these limitations. Here, we propose a data-driven approach for studying the full diversity of social phenotypes. We curated and analyzed a comprehensive dataset encompassing 17 social traits for 77 species and studied the evolution of social complexity in bees. We found that corbiculate bees — honey bees, stingless bees, and bumble bees — underwent a major evolutionary transition ∼70 mya, which is inconsistent with the stepwise progression of the social ladder conceptual framework. This major evolutionary transition was followed by a phase of substantial phenotypic diversification of social complexity. Non-corbiculate bee lineages display a continuum of social complexity, ranging from solitary to simple societies, but do not reach levels of social complexity comparable to those of corbiculate bees. Bee evolution provides a unique demonstration of a macroevolutionary process in which a major transition removed biological constraints and opened novel evolutionary opportunities, driving the exploration of the landscape of social phenotypes. Our approach can be extended to incorporate additional data types and readily applied to illuminate the evolution of social complexity in additional animal groups.
Low frequency stimulation for seizure suppression: identification of optimal targets in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit
Authors: Kleis Piret , Paschen Enya , Häussler Ute , Haas Carola A.
Published: February 2024

Background

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common form of drug-resistant focal epilepsy in adults. Treatment for pharmacoresistant patients remains a challenge, with deep brain stimulation (DBS) showing promise for alleviating intractable seizures. This study explores the efficacy of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) on specific neuronal targets within the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit in a mouse model of MTLE.

Objective/Hypothesis

Our previous research demonstrated that LFS of the medial perforant path (MPP) fibers in the sclerotic hippocampus reduced seizures in epileptic mice. Here, we aimed to identify the critical neuronal population responsible for this antiepileptic effect by optogenetically stimulating presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments of the MPP-dentate granule cell (DGC) synapse at 1 Hz. We hypothesize that specific targets for LFS can differentially influence seizure activity depending on the cellular identity and location within or outside the seizure focus.

Methods

We utilized the intrahippocampal kainate (ihKA) mouse model of MTLE and targeted specific neural populations using Channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) and stereotactic optic fiber implantation. We recorded intracranial neuronal activity from freely moving chronically epileptic mice with and without optogenetic LFS up to three hours.

Results

We found that LFS of MPP fibers in the sclerotic hippocampus effectively suppressed epileptiform activity while stimulating principal cells in the MEC had no impact. Targeting DGCs in the sclerotic septal or non-sclerotic temporal hippocampus with LFS did not reduce seizure numbers but shortened the epileptiform bursts.

Conclusion

Presynaptic stimulation of the MPP-DGC synapse within the sclerotic hippocampus is critical for seizure suppression via LFS.
Identification of echinacoside as a tobramycin potentiator againstPseudomonas aeruginosaaggregates
Authors: Cai Yu-Ming , Crabbé Aurélie , Coenye Tom
Published: February 2024

Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a central biofilm regulator, where increased intracellular levels promote biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance. Targeting the c-di-GMP network is a promising anti-biofilm approach. Most agents reported previously decreased c-di-GMP to eliminate surface-attached biofilms, which did not recapitulatein vivobiofilms well and may thus impede their clinical impact. Here, the expression profile of genes encoding proteins associated with c-di-GMP metabolism was analysed among 32Pseudomonas aeruginosastrains grown as suspended aggregates in synthetic sputum or planktonic cells. A diguanylate cyclase, SiaD, proved essential for auto-aggregation underin vivo-like conditions. Virtual screening against SiaD identified echinacoside as an inhibitor, which reduced intracellular c-di-GMP levels and aggregate sizes and potentiated the efficacy of tobramycin against aggregates established by >80% of tested strains. This synergistic effect was also observed forin vivo-like 3-D alveolar cells infected by cytotoxicP. aeruginosa, demonstrating its high potential as an adjunctive therapy for recalcitrantP. aeruginosainfections.
Integrative single-cell analysis of neural stem/progenitor cells reveals epigenetically dysregulated interferon response in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Park Bongsoo , Nicaise Alexandra M. , Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Pirvan Liviu , Prasad Pranathi , Larraz Lopez De Novales Miguel , Whitten Julia , Culig Luka , Llewellyn Joseph , Ionescu Rosana-Bristena , Willis Cory M. , Krzak Grzegorz , Fan Jinshui , De Supriyo , Suarez Cubero Marta , Spathopoulou Angeliki , Peruzzotti-Jametti Luca , Leonardi Tommaso , Edenhofer Frank , Gorospe Myriam , Mohorianu Irina , Pluchino Stefano , Beerman Isabel
Published: February 2024

Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is characterized by a primary smouldering pathological disease process associated with a superimposed inflammatory activity. Cellular and molecular processes sustaining the pathobiology of PMS remain to be identified.

We previously discovered senescence signatures in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) from people with PMS. Applying direct reprogramming to generate directly induced NSCs (iNSCs) from somatic fibroblasts, we retain epigenetic information and observe hypomethylation of genes associated with lipid metabolic processes and IFN signalling only in PMS lines. Single-cell/nucleus transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling reveal an inflammatory, senescent-like, IFN-responsive radial glia (RG)-like cell subcluster mainly in PMS iNSCs that is driven by IFN-associated transcription factors. Lastly, we identify a population of senescent, IFN-responsive, disease-associated RG-like cells (DARGs) in the PMS brain that share pseudotime trajectories with iNSCsin vitro.

We describe the existence of a non-neurogenic, dysfunctional DARG population that has the potential to fuel smouldering inflammation in PMS.
LungMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection perturbs metabolic pathways in non-pulmonary tissues
Authors: Pahwa Falak , Chaudhary Shweta , Dayal Anushka , Nanda Ranjan Kumar
Published: February 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), through aerosol, reaches the lungs to cause pulmonary tuberculosis (TB); however, it may also affect the metabolism of other tissues in age-specific ways. In this study, female C57BL/6 mice (2 and 5 months old; M) were infected with a low aerosol dose (100-200 cfu) of Mtb H37Rv to monitor tissue mycobacterial load and multi-tissue metabolite profiling using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 5M C57BL/6 mice showed separate tissue metabolic phenotype with significantly higher lung aspartic acid, fecal oxalic acid and tryptophan levels with lower liver lysine and aspartic acid and fecal phenylalanine levels (log2FC: 5M/2M> ±1.0, p<0.1) compared to 2M young controls. Upon Mtb infection, the lung mycobacterial load of 2M and 5M mice were similar till 6 weeks post-infection. However, significantly higher lung phosphoric acid, malonic acid and lower mannose levels (log2FC: Mtb infected/healthy> ±1.0, p<0.1) were observed in Mtb-infected 5M C57BL/6 mice. Meanwhile, Mtb-infected 2M mice showed higher liver xylose and lower lysine levels. The thigh muscles of Mtb-infected 2M and 5M mice showed increased malic acid and oxalic acid and decreased glycine, serine, and glycerol levels. Fecal aspartic acid level was higher in Mtb-infected 5M mice, while a decreased abundance of fecal lysine was observed in Mtb-infected 2M mice. Overall, this study demonstrates a deregulated tissue-specific amino acid metabolism in Mtb-infected mice groups of different age groups, which might be targeted for managing TB infection-related adverse effects.
Effective lowering of α-synuclein expression by targeting G-quadruplex structures within the SNCA gene
Authors: Pirota Valentina , Rey Federica , Esposito Letizia , Fantini Valentina , Pandini Cecilia , Maghraby Erika , Di Gerlando Rosalinda , Doria Filippo , Mella Mariella , Pansarasa Orietta , Gandellini Paolo , Freccero Mauro , Carelli Stephana , Cereda Cristina
Published: February 2024

Alpha-synuclein, encoded by the SNCA gene, is a pivotal protein implicated in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease. Current approaches for modulating alpha-synuclein levels involve antisense nucleotides, siRNAs, and small molecules targeting SNCA’s 5’-UTR mRNA. Here, we propose a groundbreaking strategy targeting G-quadruplex structures to effectively modulate SNCA gene expression and lowering alpha-synuclein amount. Novel G-quadruplex sequences, identified on the SNCA gene’s transcription starting site and 5’-UTR of SNCA mRNAs, were experimentally confirmed for their stability through biophysical assays andin vitroexperiments on human genomic DNA. Biological validation in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells revealed that well-known G-quadruplex ligands remarkably stabilized these structures, inducing the modulation of SNCA mRNAs expression, and the effective decrease in alpha-synuclein amount. Besides, a novel peptide nucleic acid conjugate, designed to selectively disrupt of G-quadruplex within the SNCA gene promoter, caused a promising lowering of both SNCA mRNA and alpha-synuclein protein. Altogether our findings highlight G-quadruplexes’ key role as intriguing biological targets in achieving a notable and successful reduction in alpha-synuclein expression, pointing to a novel approach against synucleinopathies.
Structures of the Foamy virus fusion protein reveal an unexpected link with the F protein of paramyxo- and pneumoviruses
Authors: Fernández Ignacio , Bontems François , Brun Delphine , Coquin Youna , Goverde Casper A. , Coreilla Bruno E. , Gessain Antoine , Buseyne Florence , Rey Felix A. , Backovic Marija
Published: February 2024

Foamy viruses (FVs) constitute a subfamily of retroviruses. Their envelope glycoprotein (Env) drives the merger of viral and cellular membranes during entry into cells. The only available structures of retroviral Envs are those from human and simian immunodeficiency viruses from the subfamily of orthoretroviruses, which are only distantly related to the FVs. We report here the cryo-EM structures of the FV Env ectodomain in the pre- and post-fusion states, which demonstrate structural similarity with the fusion protein (F) of paramyxo- and pneumoviruses, implying an evolutionary link between the two viral fusogens. Based on the structural information on the FV Env in two states, we propose a mechanistic model for its conformational change, highlighting how the interplay of its structural elements could drive the structural rearrangement. The structural knowledge on the FV Env now provides a framework for functional investigations such as the FV cell tropism and molecular features controlling the Env fusogenicity, which can benefit the design of FV Env variants with improved features for use as gene therapy vectors.
How can agrifood businesses improve their performance? The role of digital transformation
Authors: Benavides-Espinosa María del Mar , Ribeiro-Soriano Domingo , Gieure Clara
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to analyse the moderating effect of digital transformation (DT) on the relationship between innovation capacity and the performance of agrifood businesses.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a structured questionnaire, data on 98 agrifood small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Spain were collected. The data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling to test the proposed model and study the moderating effect of DT on the relationship between the innovation capacity and performance of agrifood businesses.

Findings

The study finds support for the hypotheses and shows the existence of a direct positive relationship between the DT and performance of agrifood businesses. Developing new practices focussed on customer service and performing actions such as improving sales, promoting a new product or service and including a post-sales service influence the capacity of a business to undertake DT.

Research limitations/implications

Future studies should include other factors in the analysis. For example, the impact of knowledge transfer and research and development (R&D) on agrifood businesses' performance should be studied. Education and training, as well as having a diverse network, can help develop and boost businesses' capacity to use and apply the required innovation. Networks play an important role in learning how to apply DT.

Originality/value

This quantitative study is the first to examine the moderating effect of DT in the Spanish agrifood sector on the relationship between innovation capacity and performance. The study examines the role of the DT of companies and explores the competitiveness and efficiency tools that digitalisation offers. Innovation capacity is crucial for the application of these tools.
Predicting the thermal protective performance of flame-retardant fabric based on machine learning
Authors: Li Boyi , Tian Miao , Liu Xiaohan , Li Jun , Su Yun , Ni Jiaming
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to predict the thermal protective performance (TPP) of flame-retardant fabric more economically using machine learning and analyze the factors affecting the TPP using model visualization.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 13 machine learning models were trained by collecting 414 datasets of typical flame-retardant fabric from current literature. The optimal performance model was used for feature importance ranking and correlation variable analysis through model visualization.

Findings

Five models with better performance were screened, all of which showed R2 greater than 0.96 and root mean squared error less than 3.0. Heat map results revealed that the TPP of fabrics differed significantly under different types of thermal exposure. The effect of fabric weight was more apparent in the flame or low thermal radiation environment. The increase in fabric weight, fabric thickness, air gap width and relative humidity of the air gap improved the TPP of the fabric.

Practical implications

The findings suggested that the visual analysis method of machine learning can intuitively understand the change trend and range of second-degree burn time under the influence of multiple variables. The established models can be used to predict the TPP of fabrics, providing a reference for researchers to carry out relevant research.

Originality/value

The findings of this study contribute directional insights for optimizing the structure of thermal protective clothing, and introduce innovative perspectives and methodologies for advancing heat transfer modeling in thermal protective clothing.
Affective mechanisms linking role ambiguity to employee turnover
Authors: Junça Silva Ana , Rodrigues Rosa
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study relied on the job demands and resource model to understand employees’ turnover intentions. Recent studies have consistently lent support for the significant association between role ambiguity and turnover intentions; however, only a handful of studies focused on examining the potential mediators in this association. The authors argued that role ambiguity positively influences turnover intentions through affective mechanisms: job involvement and satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the model, a large sample of working adults participated (N = 505).

Findings

Structural equation modeling results showed that role ambiguity, job involvement and job satisfaction were significantly associated with turnover intentions. Moreover, a serial mediation was found among the variables: employees with low levels of role ambiguity tended to report higher job involvement, which further increased their satisfaction with the job and subsequently decreased their turnover intentions.

Research limitations/implications

The cross-sectional design is a limitation.

Practical implications

Practical suggestions regarding how organizations can reduce employee turnover are discussed.

Originality/value

The findings provide support for theory-driven interventions to address developing the intention to stay at work among working adults.
Digital innovation drivers in retail banking: the role of leadership, culture, and technostress inhibitors
Authors: Al Issa Hussein-Elhakim , Omar Mohammed Mispah Said
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The empirical study of factors related to digital transformation (DT) in the banking sector is still limited, even though the importance of the topic is universally evident. To bridge that gap, this paper aims to explore the role of digital leadership (DL), innovative culture (IC) and technostress inhibitors (TI) to support engagement for improved digital innovation (DI). Based on the literature, these variables are crucial aspects of digitalisation, even though there is no agreement on their conclusiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative study tested a new conceptual model using survey data from five major banks in Libya. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data from the 292 usable responses.

Findings

The results showed that DL and IC positively affect DI. Techno-work engagement (TE) mediated the relationship between leadership, culture and innovation. TI played a significant moderating role in leadership, culture and engagement relationships.

Practical implications

The research findings highlight critical issues about how leadership style and fostering organisational support in the banking sector can enhance DT. Leaders must demonstrate a commitment to long-term resource allocation to avoid possible negative effects from digital stress while pursuing DI through work engagement.

Social implications

The study suggests that fostering organisational support can enhance DT in retail banks, potentially leading to improved customer experiences and increased access to financial services. These programs will help banks contribute to societal and economic development.

Originality/value

This timely study examines predictor mechanisms of innovation in retail banking that resonate within the restrictions of organisational and DI frameworks and the social exchange theory. Exploring the intervening effect of TE in the leadership, culture and innovation associations is unprecedented.
The potential of Islamic financing in making financial development more entrepreneurship friendly
Authors: Sohail Hadia , Arshed Noman
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Literature has pointed that conventional financial development theories have inconclusive role on motivating new businesses. New ventures often consider the conventional system that passes through risk and provides fixed-interest lending as a burden. Comparatively, Islamic finance contributes using participative and equitable substitute for startups and has a potential in promoting new businesses. This study aims to investigate the holistic financial development index quadratic effect on entrepreneurship and include the moderating role of Islamic financing at national level.

Design/methodology/approach

Islamic banks of 21 nations constitute the unbalanced panel data. Financial development and entrepreneurship indices were developed using factor analysis and panel median regression to estimate the nonlinear financial market development effects and Islamic financing moderation model.

Findings

The results indicated that low financial market development is entrepreneurship deterring because of interest burden effect, which could be eased with a proportional increase in the Islamic financing, which is participative. The moderating effect has led to the categorization of the sample countries into entrepreneurship promoting and entrepreneurship discouraging with respect to the current incidence of financial market development and Islamic financing, which can help policymakers in understanding the entrepreneurship promoting combination of financial development and Islamic financing.

Research limitations/implications

Central banks andShari’ahadvisory councils can adopt Islamic financing transition in the national financial inclusion policy for new business facilitation.

Originality/value

This study is instrumental in exploring the assessment of introducing Islamic financing while developing the financial sector on multidimensional entrepreneurship.
Does rural infrastructure resilience affect population loss? Empirical research based on spatial measurements
Authors: Li Jieyu , Ma Libang , Tao Tianmin , Zhu Zhihang , Li Sixia
Published: February 2024

Purpose

By analyzing the mechanisms by which rural infrastructure resilience (RIR) impacted population loss in Longxi County, this study proposes measures to improve RIR, which provides a practical reference for realizing China's rural revitalization strategy, besides providing ideas for alleviating population loss in similar regions around the world.

Design/methodology/approach

This study considered 213 administrative villages in Longxi County in the Longzhong loess hilly region as the evaluation unit. Based on the construction of a multidimensional RIR evaluation system, the spatial spillover effect of RIR on population loss was determined using the spatial Durbin model (SDM).

Findings

The average resilience of each subsystem of rural infrastructure in Longxi County was low, and there were large differences in the spatial distribution. The mean RIR index value was 0.2258, with obvious spatial directivity and agglomeration characteristics. The population loss index of Longxi County had a value of 0.1759, with 26.29 of villages having a high loss level. The population loss was relatively serious and was correlated with the spatial distribution of RIR. The villages with larger RIR index values had lower population loss. The RIR had a significant spatial spillover effect on population loss. Productive infrastructure resilience and living infrastructure resilience (LIR) had negative spillover effects on population loss, and social service infrastructure resilience (SSIR) had a positive spillover effect on population loss.

Originality/value

By analyzing the mechanisms by which RIR impacted on population loss in Longxi County, this study proposes measures to improve RIR, which provides a practical reference for realizing China's rural revitalization strategy, besides providing ideas for alleviating population loss in similar regions around the world.
Turning entrepreneurial networks into business model innovation for start-ups
Authors: Xu Sha , Wu Xiaojie , He Jie , Zhu Renhong , Morrison Alastair M. , Xie Cheng
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Although it is acknowledged that entrepreneurial networks play a crucial role in fostering business model innovation (BMI) for start-ups, it is unclear how and when these networks affect BMI. This research developed a moderated mediation model to explore the impact of entrepreneurial networks on BMI in start-ups and examined the dual mediating effects of causation and effectuation, as well as the moderation of environmental dynamism.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed framework was tested by hierarchical regression analyses and bootstrapping using samples of 248 start-ups in China.

Findings

The results showed that entrepreneurial networks significantly positively impacted start-up BMI. Causation and effectuation played dual mediating roles between entrepreneurial networks and BMI. Furthermore, the entrepreneurial networks-effectuation-BMI association was more substantial in highly dynamic environments, whereas the entrepreneurial networks-causation-BMI relationship was unaffected.

Research limitations/implications

There are several theoretical contributions resulting from this research. The findings offer new insights for understanding the antecedents of start-up BMI from the network perspective. This research adds to the growing literature on resource orchestration (RO) by exploring the dual mediating influences of causation and effectuation in resource management. This investigation revealed the boundary condition between entrepreneurial networks and BMI by testing the moderating influence of environmental dynamism.

Practical implications

Start-ups must effectively use external resources embedded within networks to advance BMI. Start-up entrepreneurs should apply causation and effectuation to transform entrepreneurial network resources into BMI. Start-up entrepreneurs must dynamically manage resources in response to ever-changing environmental conditions. Resource acquisition and management of entrepreneurial networks can vary significantly in their influence on start-up BMI under different environmental contexts.

Originality/value

Unlike previous BMI research focused on internal organizational factors, this study highlighted the critical importance of entrepreneurial networks as a prerequisite for achieving start-up BMI, contributing to the literature on open innovation and resource-based view. Examining the dual mediating roles of causation and effectuation illustrated the bridging role of strategic decision-making logic in connecting resources to value creation, contributing to the developing RO literature. The moderating influence of environmental dynamism was explored, clarifying how start-up BMI benefits from entrepreneurial networks in differing situations. A framework for reconciling contradictory findings concerning the association between entrepreneurial networks and innovation is provided.
On the possibilities of merging additive manufacturing and powder injection molding in the production of metal parts
Authors: Novák Martin , Hausnerova Berenika , Pata Vladimir , Sanetrnik Daniel
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to enhance merging of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques with powder injection molding (PIM). In this way, the prototypes could be 3D-printed and mass production implemented using PIM. Thus, the surface properties and mechanical performance of parts produced using powder/polymer binder feedstocks [material extrusion (MEX) and PIM] were investigated and compared with powder manufacturing based on direct metal laser sintering (DMLS).

Design/methodology/approach

PIM parts were manufactured from 17-4PH stainless steel PIM-quality powder and powder intended for powder bed fusion compounded with a recently developed environmentally benign binder. Rheological data obtained at the relevant temperatures were used to set up the process parameters of injection molding. The tensile and yield strengths as well as the strain at break were determined for PIM sintered parts and compared to those produced using MEX and DMLS. Surface properties were evaluated through a 3D scanner and analyzed with advanced statistical tools.

Findings

Advanced statistical analyses of the surface properties showed the proximity between the surfaces created via PIM and MEX. The tensile and yield strengths, as well as the strain at break, suggested that DMLS provides sintered samples with the highest strength and ductility; however, PIM parts made from environmentally benign feedstock may successfully compete with this manufacturing route.

Originality/value

This study addresses the issues connected to the merging of two environmentally efficient processing routes. The literature survey included has shown that there is so far no study comparing AM and PIM techniques systematically on the fixed part shape and dimensions using advanced statistical tools to derive the proximity of the investigated processing routes.
Negative media coverage of ESG issues and corporate tax avoidance
Authors: Menicacci Luca , Simoni Lorenzo
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the role of negative media coverage of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues in deterring tax avoidance. Inspired by media agenda-setting theory and legitimacy theory, this study hypothesises that an increase in ESG negative media coverage should cause a reputational drawback, leading companies to reduce tax avoidance to regain their legitimacy. Hence, this study examines a novel channel that links ESG and taxation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses panel regression analysis to examine the relationship between negative media coverage of ESG issues and tax avoidance among the largest European entities. This study considers different measures of tax avoidance and negative media coverage.

Findings

The results show that negative media coverage of ESG issues is negatively associated with tax avoidance, suggesting that media can act as an external monitor for corporate taxation.

Practical implications

The findings have implications for policymakers and regulators, which should consider tax transparency when dealing with ESG disclosure requirements. Tax disclosure should be integrated into ESG reporting.

Social implications

The study has social implications related to the media, which act as watchdogs for firms’ irresponsible practices. According to this study’s findings, increased media pressure has the power to induce a better alignment between declared ESG policies and tax strategies.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on the mechanisms that discourage tax avoidance and the literature on the relationship between ESG and taxation by shedding light on the role of media coverage.
Geotechnical appraisal of failed sections of some highway pavements in parts of Northcentral Nigeria
Authors: Akudo Ernest Orji , Aigbadon Godwin Okumagbe , Musa Kizito O. , Baba Aminu Muawiya , Changde Nanfa Andrew , Adekunle Emmanuel K.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the likely causes of failure of some sections of road pavements in Ajaokuta, Northcentral Nigeria. This was achieved through a geotechnical assessment of subgrade soils in affected areas.

Design/methodology/approach

The methods entailed field and laboratory methods and statistical analysis. Subgrade soil samples were retrieved from a depth of 1,000 mm beneath the failed portions using a hang auger. The soils were analyzed for natural moisture content (NMC), Atterberg limit (liquid limit, plastic limit and linear shrinkage), grain size distribution, compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR), respectively.

Findings

The results of the geotechnical tests ranged from NMC (12.5%–19.4%), sand (84%–98%), fines (2%–16%), LL (16.0%–32.2%), PL (17%–27.5%), LS (2.7%–6.4%), PI (2.5%–18.4%), maximum dry density (1756 kg/m2–1961 kg/m2), optimum moisture content (13.2%–20.2%), unsoaked CBR (15.5%–30.5%) and soaked CBR (8%–22%), respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient performed on the variables showed that some parameters exhibited a strong positive correlation with r2 > 0.5.

Research limitations/implications

Funding was the main limitation.

Originality/value

Comparing the results with Nigerian standards for road construction, and the AASHTO classification scheme, the subgrade soils are competent and possess excellent to good properties. The soils also exhibited very low plasticity, a high percentage of sand, high CBR and low NMC, which implies that it has the strength required for road pavement subgrades. The likely causes of the failures are, therefore, due to the use of poor construction materials, technical incompetence and poor compaction of sub-base materials, respectively.
Modal and stress behavioral for CFRP composite lifting lug
Authors: Samir Mohamed Mohamed Soliman Ehab
Published: February 2024

Purpose

In the present study, a steel lifting lug is replaced with a composite (carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy [CFRP]) lifting lug made of a carbon/epoxy composite. The purpose of this paper was to obtain a composite lifting lug with a higher level of strength that is capable of carrying loads without failure.

Design/methodology/approach

The vibration and static behaviors of steel and composite lifting lugs have been investigated using finite element analysis (FEA), ANSYS software. The main consideration in the design of the composite (CFRP) lifting lug was that the displacement of both steel and composite lugs was the same under the same load. Hence, by using the FEA displacement result of the steel lifting lug, the thickness of the composite lifting lug is determined using FEA.

Findings

Compared to the steel lifting lug, the composite (CFRP) lifting lug has much lower stresses and much higher natural frequencies. Static behavior was experienced by the composite lifting lug, showing a reduction in von Mises stress, third principal stress and XZ shear stress, respectively, by 48.4%, 34.6% and 89.8%, respectively, when compared with the steel lifting lug. A higher natural frequency of mode shape swaying in X (258.976√1,000 Hz) was experienced by the composite lifting lug when compared to the steel lifting lug (195.935√1,000 Hz). The safe strength of the design composite lifting lug has been proven by FEA results, which showed that the composite (CFRP) lifting lug has a higher factor of safety in all developed stresses than the steel lifting lug. According to von Mises stress, the factor of safety of the composite lifting lug is increased by 76% when compared to the steel lifting lug. The von Mises stress at the edge of the hole in the composite lifting lug is reduced from 23.763 MPa to 20.775 MPa when compared to the steel lifting lug.

Originality/value

This work presents the designed composite (CFRP) lifting lug, which will be able to carry loads with more safety than a steel one.
Design and analysis of serviceable cantilever fit snap in automotive plastic parts
Authors: Sonawane Pavankumar , Ladekar Chandrakishor Laxman , Badiger Ganesh Annappa , Deore Rahul Arun
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Snap fits are crucial in automotive applications for rapid assembly and disassembly of mating components, eliminating the need for fasteners. This study aims to focus on designing and analyzing serviceable cantilever fit snap connections used in automobile plastic components. Snap fits are classified into permanent and semi-permanent fittings, with permanent fittings having a snap clipping angle between 0° and 5° and semi-permanent fittings having a clipping angle between 15° and 45°. Polypropylene random copolymer is chosen for its exceptional fatigue resistance and elasticity.

Design/methodology/approach

The design process includes determining dimensions, computing assembly, disassembly pressures and creating three-dimensional computer-aided design models. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to evaluate the snap-fit mechanism’s stress, deformation and general functionality in operational scenarios.

Findings

The study develops a modified snap-fit mechanism with decreased bending stress and enhanced mating force optimization. The maximum bending stress during assembly is 16.80 MPa, requiring a mating force of 7.58 N, while during disassembly, it is 37.3 MPa, requiring a mating force of 16.85 N. The optimized parameters significantly improve the performance and dependability of the snap-fit mechanism. The results emphasize the need of taking into account both the assembly and disassembly processes in snap-fit design, because the research demonstrates greater forces during disassembly. The approach developed integrates FEA and design for assembly (DFA) concepts to provide a solution for improving the efficiency and reliability of snap-fit connectors in automotive applications.

Originality/value

The research paper’s distinctiveness comes from the fact that it presents a thorough and realistic viewpoint on snap-fit design, emphasizes material selection, incorporates DFA principles and emphasizes the specific requirements of both assembly and disassembly operations. These discoveries may enhance the efficiency, reliability and sustainability of snap-fit connections in plastic automobile parts and beyond. In conclusion, the idea that disassembly needs to be done with a lot more force than installation in a snap-fit design can have a good effect on buzz, squeak and rattle and noise, vibration and harshness characteristics in automobiles.
Construction of cytomegalovirus promoter‐driven gene expression system in Laodelphax striatellus
Authors: Cheng Xiaohui , Zhao Wan , Liang Guohua , Lu Hong , Fu Yumei , Li Yiming , Cui Feng
Published: February 2024

The small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) is a significant rice pest, responsible for transmitting rice stripe virus (RSV) in a persistent and propagative manner. RSV is one of the most detrimental rice viruses, causing rice stripe disease, which results in considerable loss of rice grain yield. While RNA interference and gene knockout techniques have enabled gene downregulation in SBPH, no system currently exists for the overexpression of endogenous or exogenous genes. Consequently, the development of a protein expression system for SBPH is imperative to serve as a technical foundation for pest control and gene function investigations. This study aimed to construct an expression vector using the promoter of the constitutive‐expressed tubulin gene of SBPH, and promoter of human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Fluorescence experiments demonstrated that both tubulin and CMV promoter could drive green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in SBPH, and could also facilitate the expression of a nucleocapsid protein (NP) ‐GFP fusion protein containing viral NP with comparable efficiency. Through expression vector optimization, we have identified that the 3 tandem CMV promoters display a significantly higher promoter activity compared with both the 2 tandem CMV promoters and the single CMV promoter. In addition, the incorporation of Star polycation nanoparticles significantly enhanced the expression efficiency in SBPH. These results provide a promising technical platform for investigating gene functions in SBPH.
Characterization of two Bursicon genes and their association with wing development in the brown citrus aphid, Aphis citricidus
Authors: Lu Jin‐Ming , Shang Feng , Ding Bi‐Yue , Wang Lin , Li Qing‐Chun , Wang Jin‐Jun , Dou Wei
Published: February 2024

The tanning hormone, Bursicon, is a neuropeptide secreted by the insect nervous system that functions as a heterodimer composed of Burs‐α and Burs‐β subunits. It plays a critical role in the processes of cuticle tanning and wing expansion in insects. In this study, we successfully identified the AcBurs‐α and AcBurs‐β genes in Aphis citricidus. The open reading frames of AcBurs‐α and AcBurs‐β were 480 and 417 bp in length, respectively. Both AcBurs‐α and AcBurs‐β exhibited 11 conserved cysteine residues. AcBurs‐α and AcBurs‐β were expressed during all developmental stages of A. citricidus and showed high expression levels in the winged aphids. To investigate the potential role of AcBurs‐α and AcBurs‐β in wing development, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) techniques. With the efficient silencing of AcBurs‐α (44.90%) and AcBurs‐β (52.31%), malformed wings were induced in aphids. The proportions of malformed wings were 22.50%, 25.84%, and 38.34% in dsAcBurs‐α‐, dsAcBur‐β‐, and dsAcBurs‐α + dsAcBur‐β‐treated groups, respectively. Moreover, feeding protein kinase A inhibitors (H‐89) also increased the proportion of malformed wings to 30.00%. Feeding both double‐stranded RNA and inhibitors (H‐89) significantly downregulated the wing development‐related genes nubbin, vestigial, notch and spalt major. Silence of vestigial through RNAi also led to malformed wings. Meanwhile, the exogenous application of 3 hormones that influence wing development did not affect the expression level of AcBursicon genes. These findings indicate that AcBursicon genes plays a crucial role in wing development in A. citricidus; therefore, it represents a potential molecular target for the control of this pest through RNAi‐based approaches.
Commentary: The Canadian Accounting Hall of Fame—An Analysis of Early Inductees and Immanent Critique*,†
Authors: Richardson Alan J.
Published: February 2024

The Canadian Accounting Hall of Fame (CAHF) has inducted 31 members during its first three years of operation, with the stated intent of establishing a critical mass of inductees “who have made significant contributions to the development of the Canadian accounting profession” and of creating “a curated biographical history of accounting in Canada.” This paper provides an analysis of the group and an immanent critique of CAHF given its mandate and aspirations. It begins with a close reading of CAHF's public statement of intent and policies to clarify what it is committed to achieving and to identify ambiguities and contradictions within its mandate. The characteristics of the initial inductees are then compared with baselines reflecting CAHF's mandate and are used to identify how ambiguities are resolved in practice. The current members of CAHF overrepresent financial reporting and auditing (compared with other areas of accounting competence), academics (compared with those in practice/industry), the more populated provinces (compared with the Prairies and Atlantic region), Chartered Accountants (compared with other legacy designations), and men (compared with women). Current practice also reveals unresolved ambiguities in the definitions of “Canada,” “Canadian,” “contribution,” and “impact,” as well as an underdeveloped presentation of historical context and documentation to interpret the inductees' contributions. Best practices for “retrospective cultural consecration institutions” are identified in the literature and align with CAHF procedures. The paper also examines critical commentary on CAHF in the press and identifies areas where its mandate is challenged by public expectations of inductees.