bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitale Transformation und die Arbeitssituation von Basisarbeitenden: Eine Analyse der Rolle von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien
Authors: Kopatz Florian , Hünefeld Lena , Meyer Sophie-Charlotte
Published: November 2023

In diesem Beitrag geht es um eine Betrachtung der Arbeitssituation, insbesondere der Arbeitsanforderungen und Ressourcen, von Basisarbeitenden. Dabei wird differenziert zwischen Basisarbeitenden, die immer oder häufig Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) im Arbeitsalltag nutzen und denen, die es nicht bzw. seltener tun. Als Grundlage für die Untersuchung dient die Datenerhebung „Digitalisierung und Wandel der Beschäftigung 2019“ (Diwabe), eine repräsentative Umfrage unter Erwerbstätigen im Produktions- und Dienstleistungssektor in Deutschland, die sich mit dem Thema Digitalisierung befasst. Die zu untersuchenden unterschiedlichen Zusammenhänge, die mit IKT-Nutzung einhergehen, werden mithilfe von linearen Regressionsmodellen geschätzt. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass es deutliche Unterschiede in den Arbeitsanforderungen und Ressourcen von Basisarbeitenden mit und ohne (häufiger) IKT-Nutzung gibt. In der Basisarbeit rücken psychische Anforderungen zunehmend in den Fokus und gleichermaßen bleiben körperliche Anforderungen bestehen. Dies ist bei einer gesunden und sicheren Arbeitsgestaltung für Basisarbeitende zu berücksichtigen.
Combined effect of magneto hydrodynamics, couple stress, and viscosity variation on squeeze film characteristics of a cylinder and rough flat plate
Authors: Suresha R. , Arunkumar R. , Hanumagowda B. N. , Abduvalieva Dilsora , Tarakaramu Nainaru , Awwad Fuad A. , Ismail Emad A. A. , Khan M. Ijaz
Published: November 2023

The present research theoretically analyzes the impact of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and viscosity variation on couple stress squeeze film properties of a cylinder and a rough planar surface. The generalized stochastic Reynolds flow equation is derived by utilizing Stokes flow theory and Christensen's stochastic flow model. The solutions for pressure, load-carrying capability, and squeeze film time for longitudinal and transverse roughness patterns are derived and illustrated graphically to examine the impacts of MHD, couple stress, and viscosity variation factors. The results reveal that, in comparison with the smooth case, the one-dimensional longitudinal (transverse) roughness pattern decreases (enhances) the pressure, squeeze film time, and load-carrying capability. The numerical comparative results between Sreekala et al. (Lect Notes Electr Eng 928:765–774, 2023) analysis and the current analysis are performed and found excellent agreement.
Blurring the lines: how AI is redefining artistic ownership and copyright
Authors: Watiktinnakorn Chawinthorn , Seesai Jirawat , Kerdvibulvech Chutisant
Published: November 2023

The rapid advancement of AI technology has brought about significant changes across various industries, including the realm of art and creative endeavors. Presently, AI demonstrates the capability to produce high-quality works that closely resemble those crafted by humans. However, amidst these advancements, ownership rights remain ambiguous, given that existing copyright laws do not explicitly confer copyright protection to works not originating from human creators. The primary objective of this research is to present a spectrum of opinions and perspectives on a pivotal question: should the ownership of AI-generated works belong to individuals or AI entities? Simultaneously, the study aims to scrutinize the suitability of the existing copyright laws in addressing the complexities of AI-generated works. Additionally, this research paper endeavors to pinpoint the necessary adjustments and enhancements required within the current legal framework to harmonize with the contemporary landscape. To attain these objectives, two surveys were conducted. The first, a quantitative survey, involved a sample size of 100 participants, while the second, a qualitative survey, featured professionals within the creative field and legal experts. Each group comprised five individuals. The research findings gleaned from these surveys strongly suggest that AI-generated works exhibit quality on par with human creations and, therefore, merit classification as human works. Furthermore, there is a compelling argument that these works should be afforded copyright protection to provide clarity regarding their utilization by other individuals. Consequently, the prevailing copyright laws should undergo revision and amendment to reflect the demands of the modern era, establishing precise regulations tailored for AI-generated works.
Research on the Prediction of Tire Radial Load Based on 1D CNN and BiGRU
Authors: Ji Yuanjin , Zeng Junwei , Ren Lihui
Published: November 2023

As an important indicator of vehicle systems, tire load is a key factor in the structural design and safety assessment of vehicles. Direct measurement methods for tire loads are expensive and complicated, while conventional load identification methods are limited by low accuracy and poor robustness. This study aimed to propose a radial load identification method for rubber-tired vehicles based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU). Considering a priori information of the radial load data of tires and based on the observability of the vehicle vibration system, the proposed method selected feature sets and then retained the effective feature subsets through feature selection to construct samples with multiple time steps as input and with a single time step as output for network training. In doing so, the load prediction results were obtained, and the theoretical model was modified by integrating prediction accuracy, generalization performance, and robustness. Compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed method could effectively reduce the error of load identification, improve adaptability under different operating conditions, and handle the measurement error of different noise levels, which are of practical application value in the engineering field.
Dynamical Analysis of a 3D Fractional-Order Chaotic System for High-Security Communication and its Electronic Circuit Implementation
Authors: Beyene Girma Adam , Rahma Fahdil , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Al-Hussein Abdul-Basset A. , Boulaaras Salah
Published: November 2023

This article, a 3D fractional-order chaotic system (FOCS) is designed; system holds Equilibria can take on various shapes and forms by introducing a nonlinear function and the value of its parameters. To comprehend the system’s behavior under diverse conditions and parameter values, a dynamical analysis is conducted through analytical and numerical means. This analysis employs techniques like phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents (LEs), bifurcation analysis, and Lyapunov spectra. The system demonstrates attractors that are more intricate compared to a regular chaotic system with an integer value, specifically if we set the fractional order q to 0.97. This characteristic makes it highly appropriate for developing secure communication systems. Moreover, a practical implementation has been developed using an electronic circuit to showcase its feasibility of the system. A secure communication system was built using two levels of encryption techniques. The propose sound encryption algorithm is verified through tests like histogram, correlation, and spectrogram investigation. The encryption correlation coefficient between the original signal and the encrypted one is 0.0010, this result shows a strong defences against pirate attacks.
Liveliness as a Theory of Meaning in Life: Problems and Prospects
Authors: LOUGHEED KIRK
Published: November 2023

I aim to more fully develop a theory of meaning in life based on the concept of life force that is important to a substantial number of Africans in the sub-Sahara region. While life force implies a large invisible ontology, Thaddeus Metz has recently developed an entirely naturalistic version of it known as liveliness. However, he also offers two objections that hinge on the idea that life force cannot accommodate intuitions that certain types of knowledge and progress are valuable for their own sakes. I respond by noting that elsewhere Metz has developed a defense of the intrinsic value of knowledge by appealing to the idea that meeting a person's existential needs can be important for self-realization and hence for their meaning. If this is right, then the community ought to support such a person in their pursuit of knowledge even if doing so leads to no useful outcomes.
Stress and human health in diabetes: A report from the 19th Chicago Biomedical Consortium symposium
Authors: Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Kulkarni Rohit N. , Xu Pingwen , Drossos Tina , Varady Krista , Knutson Kristen L. , Reutrakul Sirimon , Martyn-Nemeth Pamela , Sargis Robert M. , Wallia Amisha , Tuchman Arleen M. , Weissberg-Benchell Jill , Danielson Kirstie K. , Oakes Scott A. , Thomas Celeste C. , Layden Brian T. , May Sarah C. , Burbea Hoffmann Michelle , Gatta Eleonora , Solway Julian , Philipson Louis H.
Published: November 2023

Stress and diabetes coexist in a vicious cycle. Different types of stress lead to diabetes, while diabetes itself is a major life stressor. This was the focus of the Chicago Biomedical Consortium’s 19th annual symposium, “Stress and Human Health: Diabetes,” in November 2022. There, researchers primarily from the Chicago area met to explore how different sources of stress – from the cells to the community – impact diabetes outcomes. Presenters discussed the consequences of stress arising from mutant proteins, obesity, sleep disturbances, environmental pollutants, COVID-19, and racial and socioeconomic disparities. This symposium showcased the latest diabetes research and highlighted promising new treatment approaches for mitigating stress in diabetes.
Stability conditions for polarised varieties
Authors: Dervan Ruadhaí
Published: November 2023

We introduce an analogue of Bridgeland’s stability conditions for polarised varieties. Much as Bridgeland stability is modelled on slope stability of coherent sheaves, our notion of Z-stability is modelled on the notion of K-stability of polarised varieties. We then introduce an analytic counterpart to stability, through the notion of a Z-critical Kähler metric, modelled on the constant scalar curvature Kähler condition. Our main result shows that a polarised variety which is analytically K-semistable and asymptotically Z-stable admits Z-critical Kähler metrics in the large volume regime. We also prove a local converse and explain how these results can be viewed in terms of local wall crossing. A special case of our framework gives a manifold analogue of the deformed Hermitian Yang–Mills equation.
Incest as a rhetorical device: The shock effect of the allegory in Ezekiel 16
Authors: Kugler Gili
Published: November 2023

Ezekiel 16 paints one of the harshest pictures in the Hebrew Bible. In a brokenhearted cry of rage, the prophet contemplates Jerusalem's history of relationship with God. Employing familial imagery, the relationship is characterised by constraints and penalties, including instances of sexual violence imposed by God. Consequently, the allegory challenges the perception of the deity as an exemplary figure. This article posits that the allegory deliberately delivers a jolt to its recipients by depicting God as transgressing a social taboo, by altering his role for the people from a father to a spouse. This depiction of incestuous relationship wields the power to evoke threat and terror. It acknowledges that the breaching of the taboo of a father–daughter incestuous relationship, albeit inadvisable, is possible. By ascribing to God a behaviour that fathers strive to avoid, the reproach captures the imagination of its recipients, leaving a profound impact upon them.
An Unintended Consequence: How the Modern Austrian School System Helped Set Up the Slovene Nation
Authors: Almasy Karin
Published: November 2023

The Austrian school reforms of the 1850s and 1860s, inspired by the mindset of the democratic and civic revolutions of 1848, turned a predominantly feudal and religious school system into a modern one and brought basic education to the masses. In the following decades, literacy increased, basic knowledge spread, and the overwhelming influence of the Catholic church in school matters diminished. Yet, as an “unintended consequence,” these reforms also had great implications for the process of building what turned out to be “the Slovene nation.” This article aims to illustrate that the formation of Slovene national identity—based on the use of the Slovene language as the main marker of Slovene ethnicity—was implemented to a large extent with the help of the Austrian school system and its efforts at centralization, systematization, and modernization. Measures like the creation of a school subject for the Slovene language, Slovene reading materials in school textbooks, and statistical categorization within school administrations played a crucial role in that process.
The role of quantitative bias analysis for nonrandomized comparisons in health technology assessment: recommendations from an expert workshop
Authors: Leahy Thomas P. , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Sampietro-Colom Laura , Kent Seamus , Zöllner York , Coyle Doug , Casadei Gianluigi
Published: November 2023

The use of treatment effects derived from nonrandomized studies (NRS) in health technology assessment (HTA) is growing. NRS carry an inherently greater risk of bias than randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although bias can be mitigated to some extent through appropriate approaches to study design and analysis, concerns around data availability and quality and the absence of randomization mean residual biases typically render the interpretation of NRS challenging. Quantitative bias analysis (QBA) methods are a range of methods that use additional, typically external, data to understand the potential impact that unmeasured confounding and other biases including selection bias and time biases can have on the results (i.e., treatment effects) from an NRS. QBA has the potential to support HTA bodies in using NRS to support decision-making by quantifying the magnitude, direction, and uncertainty of biases. However, there are a number of key aspects of the use of QBA in HTA which have received limited discussion. This paper presents recommendations for the use of QBA in HTA developed using a multi-stakeholder workshop of experts in HTA with a focus on QBA for unmeasured confounding.
Climate change and fluid status in children: early education as one response to an emerging public health problem
Authors: Kalhoff Hermann , Sinningen Kathrin , Belgardt Aziza , Kersting Mathilde , Luecke Thomas
Published: November 2023

Objective:

As global warming intensifies, residents of temperate regions will also face heat waves in the near future. Food habits are one component in addressing the global challenge of climate change. However, water, the most important food for humans, has not been adequately addressed.

Design:

For this commentary, on the one hand, publications on the increasing heat stress of children were consulted. On the other hand, publications on the special demands of children’s temperature regulation in hot environments on fluid balance were analysed.

Setting:

The situation of young children in care facilities on days with heat stress is presented as a scenario. In this way, the effects of climatic changes on fluid balance can be estimated and measures to reduce heat stress and stabilise the fluid balance of children can be developed.

Participants:

For this analysis, first, infants will be considered in order to identify their specific fluid needs. Second, the possibilities for caregivers to improve fluid intake and train appropriate drinking habits already in infancy will be highlighted.

Results:

Climate change should be included in recommendations on hydration for children. The need to adapt drinking habits requires educational approaches to weather and water – starting in early childhood care.

Conclusions:

In the face of rapid climate change, countries must act now by protecting, preparing and prioritising the high-risk group of children. Particular focus should be placed on supporting adequate hydration.
African Continental Free Trade Agreement's Conditional Most Favoured Nation: A Necessary Compromise?
Authors: Tsorme Rita Mawufemor , Amoah Joseph
Published: November 2023

The inception of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) constitutes a major advancement in Africa's economic integration process. Diverging from what appears to be the norm in contemporary trade treaties, the agreement adopts a conditional Most Favoured Nation (MFN) clause hinged on the principle of reciprocity. Without the promise to reciprocate preferential treatment, the beneficiary state does not assume the right to demand MFN treatment. In broader discussions, this feature has been criticized for possessing the tendency to restrict trade. However, examining it in the context of Africa's trade paradigm, this paper argues that the non-automaticity of the AfCFTA's MFN clause is a cardinal feature safeguarding its existence.
Electroconvulsive therapy-induced volumetric brain changes converge on a common causal circuit in depression
Authors: Argyelan Miklos , Deng Zhi-De , Ousdal Olga Therese , Oltedal Leif , Angulo Brian , Baradits Mate , Spitzberg Andrew J. , Kessler Ute , Sartorius Alexander , Dols Annemiek , Narr Katherine L. , Espinoza Randall , van Waarde Jeroen A. , Tendolkar Indira , van Eijndhoven Philip , van Wingen Guido A. , Takamiya Akihiro , Kishimoto Taishiro , Jorgensen Martin B. , Jorgensen Anders , Paulson Olaf B. , Yrondi Antoine , Péran Patrice , Soriano-Mas Carles , Cardoner Narcis , Cano Marta , van Diermen Linda , Schrijvers Didier , Belge Jean-Baptiste , Emsell Louise , Bouckaert Filip , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Kiebs Maximilian , Hurlemann René , Mulders Peter CR. , Redlich Ronny , Dannlowski Udo , Kavakbasi Erhan , Kritzer Michael D. , Ellard Kristen K. , Camprodon Joan A. , Petrides Georgios , Malhotra Anil K. , Abbott Christopher C.
Published: November 2023

Neurostimulation is a mainstream treatment option for major depression. Neuromodulation techniques apply repetitive magnetic or electrical stimulation to some neural target but significantly differ in their invasiveness, spatial selectivity, mechanism of action, and efficacy. Despite these differences, recent analyses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS)-treated individuals converged on a common neural network that might have a causal role in treatment response. We set out to investigate if the neuronal underpinnings of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are similarly associated with this causal depression network (CDN). Our aim here is to provide a comprehensive analysis in three cohorts of patients segregated by electrode placement (N = 246 with right unilateral, 79 with bitemporal, and 61 with mixed) who underwent ECT. We conducted a data-driven, unsupervised multivariate neuroimaging analysis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the cortical and subcortical volume changes and electric field (EF) distribution to explore changes within the CDN associated with antidepressant outcomes. Despite the different treatment modalities (ECT vs TMS and DBS) and methodological approaches (structural vs functional networks), we found a highly similar pattern of change within the CDN in the three cohorts of patients (spatial similarity across 85 regions: r = 0.65, 0.58, 0.40, df = 83). Most importantly, the expression of this pattern correlated with clinical outcomes (t = −2.35, p = 0.019). This evidence further supports that treatment interventions converge on a CDN in depression. Optimizing modulation of this network could serve to improve the outcome of neurostimulation in depression.
Dual targeting of MAPK and PI3K pathways unlocks redifferentiation of Braf-mutated thyroid cancer organoids
Authors: Lasolle Hélène , Schiavo Andrea , Tourneur Adrien , Gillotay Pierre , de Faria da Fonseca Bárbara , Ceolin Lucieli , Monestier Olivier , Aganahi Benilda , Chomette Laura , Kizys Marina Malta Letro , Haenebalcke Lieven , Pieters Tim , Goossens Steven , Haigh Jody , Detours Vincent , Maia Ana Luiza Silva , Costagliola Sabine , Romitti Mírian
Published: November 2023

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and several genetic events have been described to promote the development of thyroid carcinogenesis. Besides the effects of specific mutations on thyroid cancer development, the molecular mechanisms controlling tumorigenesis, tumor behavior, and drug resistance are still largely unknown. Cancer organoids have been proposed as a powerful tool to study aspects related to tumor development and progression and appear promising to test individual responses to therapies. Here, using mESC-derived thyroid organoids, we developed a BrafV637E-inducible model able to recapitulate the features of papillary thyroid cancer in vitro. Overexpression of the murine BrafV637E mutation, equivalent to BrafV600E in humans, rapidly triggers to MAPK activation, cell dedifferentiation, and disruption of follicular organization. BrafV637E-expressing organoids show a transcriptomic signature for p53, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interactions, EMT, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Finally, PTC-like thyroid organoids were used for drug screening assays. The combination of MAPK and PI3K inhibitors reversed BrafV637E oncogene-promoted cell dedifferentiation while restoring thyroid follicle organization and function in vitro. Our results demonstrate that pluripotent stem cells-derived thyroid cancer organoids can mimic tumor development and features while providing an efficient tool for testing novel targeted therapies.
SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity: the good, the bad, and the “goldilocks”
Authors: Sievers Benjamin L. , Cheng Mark T. K. , Csiba Kata , Meng Bo , Gupta Ravindra K.
Published: November 2023

An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. Knowledge about this interplay can not only help us identify biological mechanisms but also reveal pathogen vulnerabilities that can be leveraged therapeutically. The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the focus of intense research, and the role of the innate immune system has received significantly less attention. Here, we review current knowledge of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the various means SARS-CoV-2 employs to evade innate defense systems. We also consider the role of innate immunity in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and in the phenomenon of long COVID.
CRISPR-based gene drives generate super-Mendelian inheritance in the disease vector Culex quinquefasciatus
Authors: Harvey-Samuel Tim , Feng Xuechun , Okamoto Emily M. , Purusothaman Deepak-Kumar , Leftwich Philip T. , Alphey Luke , Gantz Valentino M.
Published: November 2023

Culex mosquitoes pose a significant public health threat as vectors for a variety of diseases including West Nile virus and lymphatic filariasis, and transmit pathogens threatening livestock, companion animals, and endangered birds. Rampant insecticide resistance makes controlling these mosquitoes challenging and necessitates the development of new control strategies. Gene drive technologies have made significant progress in other mosquito species, although similar advances have been lagging in Culex. Here we test a CRISPR-based homing gene drive for Culex quinquefasciatus, and show that the inheritance of two split-gene-drive transgenes, targeting different loci, are biased in the presence of a Cas9-expressing transgene although with modest efficiencies. Our findings extend the list of disease vectors where engineered homing gene drives have been demonstrated to include Culex alongside Anopheles and Aedes, and pave the way for future development of these technologies to control Culex mosquitoes.
Early-to-mid stage idiopathic Parkinson’s disease shows enhanced cytotoxicity and differentiation in CD8 T-cells in females
Authors: Capelle Christophe M. , Ciré Séverine , Hedin Fanny , Hansen Maxime , Pavelka Lukas , Grzyb Kamil , Kyriakis Dimitrios , Hunewald Oliver , Konstantinou Maria , Revets Dominique , Tslaf Vera , Marques Tainá M. , Gomes Clarissa P. C. , Baron Alexandre , Domingues Olivia , Gomez Mario , Zeng Ni , Betsou Fay , May Patrick , Skupin Alexander , Cosma Antonio , Balling Rudi , Krüger Rejko , Ollert Markus , Hefeng Feng Q.
Published: November 2023

Neuroinflammation in the brain contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the potential dysregulation of peripheral immunity has not been systematically investigated for idiopathic PD (iPD). Here we showed an elevated peripheral cytotoxic immune milieu, with more terminally-differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) CD8 T, CD8+ NKT cells and circulating cytotoxic molecules in fresh blood of patients with early-to-mid iPD, especially females, after analyzing > 700 innate and adaptive immune features. This profile, also reflected by fewer CD8+FOXP3+ T cells, was confirmed in another subcohort. Co-expression between cytotoxic molecules was selectively enhanced in CD8 TEMRA and effector memory (TEM) cells. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated the accelerated differentiation within CD8 compartments, enhanced cytotoxic pathways in CD8 TEMRA and TEM cells, while CD8 central memory (TCM) and naïve cells were already more-active and transcriptionally-reprogrammed. Our work provides a comprehensive map of dysregulated peripheral immunity in iPD, proposing candidates for early diagnosis and treatments.
Protective effects of macrophage-specific integrin α5 in myocardial infarction are associated with accentuated angiogenesis
Authors: Li Ruoshui , Chen Bijun , Kubota Akihiko , Hanna Anis , Humeres Claudio , Hernandez Silvia C. , Liu Yang , Ma Richard , Tuleta Izabela , Huang Shuaibo , Venugopal Harikrishnan , Zhu Fenglan , Su Kai , Li Jun , Zhang Jinghang , Zheng Deyou , Frangogiannis Nikolaos G.
Published: November 2023

Macrophages sense changes in the extracellular matrix environment through the integrins and play a central role in regulation of the reparative response after myocardial infarction. Here we show that macrophage integrin α5 protects the infarcted heart from adverse remodeling and that the protective actions are associated with acquisition of an angiogenic macrophage phenotype. We demonstrate that myeloid cell- and macrophage-specific integrin α5 knockout mice have accentuated adverse post-infarction remodeling, accompanied by reduced angiogenesis in the infarct and border zone. Single cell RNA-sequencing identifies an angiogenic infarct macrophage population with high Itga5 expression. The angiogenic effects of integrin α5 in macrophages involve upregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A. RNA-sequencing of the macrophage transcriptome in vivo and in vitro followed by bioinformatic analysis identifies several intracellular kinases as potential downstream targets of integrin α5. Neutralization assays demonstrate that the angiogenic actions of integrin α5-stimulated macrophages involve activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase and Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase cascades.
Wind-driven device for cooling permafrost
Authors: Qin Yinghong , Wang Tianyu , Yuan Weixin
Published: November 2023

Preserving permafrost subgrade is a challenge due to global warming, but passive cooling techniques have limited success. Here, we present a novel wind-driven device that can cool permafrost subgrade by circulating coolant between the ambient air and the subgrade. It consists of a wind mill, a mechanical clutch with phase change material, and a fluid-circulation heat exchanger. The clutch engages and disengages through freezing and melting phase change material, while the device turns off when the outside air temperature exceeds a certain threshold, preventing heat from penetrating the subgrade. Two-year observations demonstrate that the device effectively cooled permafrost measuring 8.0 m in height and 1.5 m in radius by 0.6–1.0 °C, with an average power of 68.03 W. The device can be adapted for cooling embankments, airstrip bases, pipe foundations, and other structures. Further experimentation is required to evaluate its cooling capacity and long-term durability under various conditions.
Breaking the photoswitch speed limit
Authors: Thaggard Grace C. , Park Kyoung Chul , Lim Jaewoong , Maldeni Kankanamalage Buddhima K. P. , Haimerl Johanna , Wilson Gina R. , McBride Margaret K. , Forrester Kelly L. , Adelson Esther R. , Arnold Virginia S. , Wetthasinghe Shehani T. , Rassolov Vitaly A. , Smith Mark D. , Sosnin Daniil , Aprahamian Ivan , Karmakar Manisha , Bag Sayan Kumar , Thakur Arunabha , Zhang Minjie , Tang Ben Zhong , Castaño Jorge A. , Chaur Manuel N. , Lerch Michael M. , Fischer Roland A. , Aizenberg Joanna , Herges Rainer , Lehn Jean-Marie , Shustova Natalia B.
Published: November 2023

The forthcoming generation of materials, including artificial muscles, recyclable and healable systems, photochromic heterogeneous catalysts, or tailorable supercapacitors, relies on the fundamental concept of rapid switching between two or more discrete forms in the solid state. Herein, we report a breakthrough in the “speed limit” of photochromic molecules on the example of sterically-demanding spiropyran derivatives through their integration within solvent-free confined space, allowing for engineering of the photoresponsive moiety environment and tailoring their photoisomerization rates. The presented conceptual approach realized through construction of the spiropyran environment results in ~1000 times switching enhancement even in the solid state compared to its behavior in solution, setting a record in the field of photochromic compounds. Moreover, integration of two distinct photochromic moieties in the same framework provided access to a dynamic range of rates as well as complementary switching in the material’s optical profile, uncovering a previously inaccessible pathway for interstate rapid photoisomerization.
Ultrafast vibrational control of organohalide perovskite optoelectronic devices using vibrationally promoted electronic resonance
Authors: Gallop Nathaniel. P. , Maslennikov Dmitry R. , Mondal Navendu , Goetz Katelyn P. , Dai Zhenbang , Schankler Aaron M. , Sung Woongmo , Nihonyanagi Satoshi , Tahara Tahei , Bodnarchuk Maryna I. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Vaynzof Yana , Rappe Andrew M. , Bakulin Artem A.
Published: November 2023

Vibrational control (VC) of photochemistry through the optical stimulation of structural dynamics is a nascent concept only recently demonstrated for model molecules in solution. Extending VC to state-of-the-art materials may lead to new applications and improved performance for optoelectronic devices. Metal halide perovskites are promising targets for VC due to their mechanical softness and the rich array of vibrational motions of both their inorganic and organic sublattices. Here, we demonstrate the ultrafast VC of FAPbBr3 perovskite solar cells via intramolecular vibrations of the formamidinium cation using spectroscopic techniques based on vibrationally promoted electronic resonance. The observed short (~300 fs) time window of VC highlights the fast dynamics of coupling between the cation and inorganic sublattice. First-principles modelling reveals that this coupling is mediated by hydrogen bonds that modulate both lead halide lattice and electronic states. Cation dynamics modulating this coupling may suppress non-radiative recombination in perovskites, leading to photovoltaics with reduced voltage losses.
Spatial variation and factors associated of solid fuel use in Ethiopia a multilevel and spatial analysis based on EDHS 2016
Authors: Azanaw Jember , Melaku Mequannent Sharew
Published: November 2023

Cooking and heating using solid fuels, such as dung, wood, agricultural residues, grass, straw, charcoal, and coal, is a main source of household air pollution. This indoor combustion encompasses a diversity of health detrimental pollutants, especially for people from low-income countries like Ethiopia since solid fuels are accessible easily at a lesser cost. Limited studies done showing factors affecting in choosing fuel type and no study, which revealed spatial heterogeneity of solid fuel used based on such nationally representative data. Therefore, this study, aimed at investigating spatial variation and determinants of solid fuel use in Ethiopia. This study was done using the data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016, a national representative sample (16,650) households were included. Spatial and Multi-level logistic regression analysis was done by considering the DHS data hierarchal nature. Variables in the final model with a p-value < 0.05 were reported as significant predictors of using solid fuel. All analyses were done using ArcGIS V.10.7.1 and STATA V.14 software. The finding of this study revealed that 90.8% (95% CI (87.9%, 91.2%)) of households depend on solid fuel for cooking. Based on the final model ;Male household head (AOR 1.38, 95% CI (1.12–1.71)), age of household head (AOR 1.61, 95% CI (1.20, 2.17)), and 1.49 (OR 1.49, 95% CI (1.12, 1.99)) respectively for the age classes of < 30, and 30–40, education attainment no education (OR 3.14, 95% CI (1.13, 8.71)) and primary education (AOR 2.16, 95% CI (2.78, 5.96), wealth index Poorest (AOR 11.05, 95% CI (5.68, 15.78)), Poorer (OR 5.19, 95% CI (5.43, 13.19)), Middle (OR 3.08, 95% CI (2.44, 8.73)), and Richer (OR 1.30, 95IC (1.07, 13.49)) compared to richest, and not accessibility of electricity (AOR 31.21, 95% CI (35.41, 42.67)), were individual-level factors significantly associated with using solid fuel. Community-level factors like households found at large city (AOR 2.80, 95CI (1.65, 4.77)), small city (AOR 2.58, 95% CI (1.55, 4.32)) town (AOR 4.02, 95% CI (2.46, 6.55)), and countryside (AOR 14.40, 95% CI (6.23, 21.15)) compared households found in capital city, community level media exposure (AOR 6.00, 95% CI (4.61, 7.82)) were statistically predictors in using solid fuel for cooking. This finding revealed that a large proportion of households in Ethiopia heavily depend on biomass, especially wood, for cooking. There was a greater disparity on solid fuel use for cooking in Ethiopia. Implementing major policy interventions should be introduced to reduce solid fuel use for cooking and inequalities in accessing clean fuel in Ethiopia.
Efficient spatial and channel net for lane marker detection based on self-attention and row anchor
Authors: Fan Shengli , Zhang Yuzhi , Lu Shengrong , Bi Xiaohui
Published: November 2023

Lane detection is an important component of advanced driving aided system (ADAS). It is a combined component of the planning and control algorithms. Therefore, it has high standards for the detection accuracy and speed. Recently several researchers have worked extensively on this topic. An increasing number of researchers have been interested in self-attention-based lane detection. In difficult situations such as shadows, bright lights, and nights extracting global information is effective. Regardless of channel or spatial attention, it cannot independently extract all global information until a complicated model is used. Furthermore, it affects the run-time. However trading in this contradiction is challenging. In this study, a new lane identification model that combines channel and spatial self-attention was developed. Conv1d and Conv2d were introduced to extract the global information. The model is lightweight and efficient avoiding difficult model calculations and massive matrices, In particular obstacles can be overcome under certain difficult conditions. We used the Tusimple and CULane datasets as verification standards. The accuracy of the Tusimple benchmark was the highest at 95.49%. In the CULane dataset, the proposed model achieved 75.32% in F1, which is the highest result, particularly in difficult scenarios. For the Tusimple and CULane datasets, the proposed model achieved the best performance in terms of accuracy and speed.
Statistical characteristics of comic panel viewing times
Authors: Ikuta Hikaru , Wöhler Leslie , Aizawa Kiyoharu
Published: November 2023

Comics are a bimodal form of art involving a mixture of text and images. Since comics require a combination of various cognitive processes to comprehend their contents, the analysis of human comic reading behavior sheds light on how humans process such bimodal forms of media. In this paper, we particularly focus on the viewing times of each comic panel as a quantitative measure of attention, and analyze the statistical characteristics of the distributions of comic panel viewing times. We create a user interface that presents comics in a panel-wise manner, and measure the viewing times of each panel through a user study experiment. We collected data from 18 participants reading 7 comic book volumes resulting in over 99,000 viewing time data points, which will be released publicly. The results show that the average viewing times are proportional to the text length contained in the panel’s speech bubbles, with a rate of proportion differing for each reader, despite the bimodal setting. Additionally, we find that the viewing time for all users follows a common heavy-tailed distribution.
Influence of phytocenosis on the medical potential of moss extracts: the Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. case
Authors: Wolski Grzegorz J. , Kobylińska Agnieszka , Sadowska Beata , Podsędek Anna , Kajszczak Dominika , Fol Marek
Published: November 2023

The question was asked “whether plant phytocenosis has an impact on the medical potential of the extracts from Pleurozium schreberi”. Moss samples were collected from four different phytocoenoses: mixed forest (oak-pine forest), a forest tract in pine forest, 5–15-year-old pine forest and 50-year-old pine forest. Chemical composition of the extracts, antioxidative capacity (FRAP and ABTS·+ assays), as well as biological activities including cytotoxicity for the mouse fibroblasts L929 line (MTT reduction assay), biostatic/biocidal effect against selected bacteria and fungi (broth microdilution method followed by culture on solid media), and regenerative properties on human fibroblasts HFF-1 line (scratch assay) were tested. The conducted research clearly proves that phytocenosis determines the quality of moss extracts. The analyses showed that in every examined aspect the IV-7 extract (obtained from a specimen collected in a Pinus sylvestris L. forest, monoculture up to 15 years old) exhibited the highest values and the strongest activity. Other extracts of the same species but growing in other phytocenoses—in a mixed forest (IV-5), a forest tract in a Pinus sylvestris monoculture forest (IV-6) and in a P. sylvestris forest of pine monoculture about 50 years old (IV-8) showed much weaker activity and lower values of the above-mentioned parameters. At the same time, none of the tested extracts exerted a pro-regenerative effect. The P. schreberi extracts were characterized by a varied total content of phenolic compounds in the range from 0.63 ± 0.02 to 14.01 ± 0.25 mg/g of plant material. UPLC/MS analysis showed a varied phenolic profile of the extracts, with caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin triglucoside predominating in all of them.
Causal association of calcific aortic valve stenosis and atrial fibrillation: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chai Chen , Li Shoupeng , Chen Lin , Song Xiaobing
Published: November 2023

Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in observational studies, but whether these associations are causal has not been determined. This study aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between CAVS and AF via Mendelian randomization (MR). Genetic variants from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of the European population for CAVS were used to investigate the association with AF. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach was used to obtain the primary causal inference, and several sensitivity analysis approaches, such as the MR‒Egger and weighted median (WM), were performed to assess the robustness of the results. A total of nineteen valid and independent genetic SNPs associated with CAVS were obtained from the GWAS database. Genetically predicted CAVS (OR: 1.105; 95% CI: 1.072–1.139; p = 8.60E−11) was associated with an increased risk of AF. Similar results were discovered in the sensitivity analyses by using MR Egger and weighted median approaches. An MR design was used to reduce confounding variables and the potential for reverse causality bias. The results provide genetic evidence that CAVS considerably increased the risk of AF.
Determination of polyfluoroalkyl substances in cosmetic products using dispersed liquid–liquid extraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Tang Chengjin , Liang Wenyao , Xia Zemin , Ye Jinming , Liang Hebin , Cai Junjie , Tan Jianhua , Xie Qilai
Published: November 2023

Human exposure to polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) via cosmetics has been of increasing concern due to the tremendous detrimental health impacts of PFASs.
A tuning fork-shaped bisbenzothiazole derivative as a pH-responsive digital fluorescent probe and its ex vivo evaluation
Authors: Sahoo Priya Ranjan , Kumar Nikhil , Sairam Keloth , Gulati L. K. , Gulati G. K. , Datta Anupama , Kumar Satish
Published: November 2023

A new highly emissive pH-responsive near-IR active digital probe was designed and synthesized.
Manganese-promoted reductive cross-coupling of disulfides with dialkyl carbonates
Authors: Zhang Chao-Peng , Wang Tian-Zhang , Liang Yu-Feng
Published: November 2023

Earth-abundant manganese-promoted reductive cross-coupling of disulfides with dialkyl carbonates was demonstrated. Both sulfur atoms in disulfides could be transformed into thioethers efficiently.
Synthesis of unsymmetrical ketones via dual catalysed cross-coupling of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with aryldiazonium salts
Authors: Chand Shiv , Sharma Anup Kumar , Pandey Anand Kumar , Singh Krishna Nand
Published: November 2023

Unsymmetrical ketones have been efficiently synthesized adopting a new strategy via cross-coupling of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and aryldiazonium salts under dual photoredox/metal catalysis.
Evolution of a ‘privileged’ P-alkene ligand: added planar chirality beats BINOL axial chirality in catalytic asymmetric C–C bond formation
Authors: Leinauer Luisa , Parla Giorgio , Messelbeger Julian , Herrera Alberto , Heinemann Frank W. , Langer Jens , Chuchelkin Ilya , Grasruck Alexander , Frieß Sibylle , Chelouan Ahmed , Gavrilov Konstantin , Dorta Romano
Published: November 2023

Planar chirality is introduced in a ‘privileged’ P-alkene phosphoramidite ligand and shown to overwhelm the chirality of the BINOL auxiliary.
A ZnIn2S4@ReS2/AgInS2-based photoelectrochemical aptasensor for the ultrasensitive detection of kanamycin
Authors: Liu Xing-Pei , Tang Yuan-Yuan , Chen Jing-Shuai , Mao Chang-Jie , Jin Bao-Kang
Published: November 2023

An ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for detection of kanamycin in actual samples was originally designed by using a ZnIn2S4/ReS2 p–n heterojunction as the photoactive material and AgInS2 as a signal amplifier.
Sulfur-deficient edges as active sites for hydrogen evolution on MoS2
Authors: Hanslin Sander Ø. , Jónsson Hannes , Akola Jaakko
Published: November 2023

The sulfur-deficient Mo-edge stands out as the most active site towards hydrogen evolution on MoS2. Despite near-thermoneutral hydrogen adsorption, evolution at sulfur sites involves large activation energy.
Electronic structures and optical spectra of KDP crystals with Sp doping defects: a first-principles study
Authors: Yang Liying , Liu Tingyu , Jiang Jinsong , Song Wenqi
Published: November 2023

To clarify the effect of sulfur substituting for phosphorus defects (SP) on the laser damage threshold of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP), the SP properties in KDP crystals with paraelectric (PE) and ferroelectric (PE) phases are studied.
3D-hosted lithium metal anodes
Authors: He Xin , Zhang Kai , Zhu Zhiqiang , Tong Zhangfa , Liang Xiao
Published: November 2023

This review is organized based on the historical progress, classification, regulating mechanism of scaffolds/hosts for Li metal anodes, and their future design criteria.
Co9S8 core–shell hollow spheres for enhanced oxygen evolution and methanol oxidation reactions by sulfur vacancy engineering
Authors: Li Long , Sheng Zhanpeng , Xiao Qingqing , Hu Qiang
Published: November 2023

The contribution of sulfur vacancy for improving the OER and MOR activity of Co9S8.
Robust interaction of cobalt phthalocyanine and nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon for CO2 reduction paired with the electro-oxidative synthesis of sulfonamide derivatives
Authors: Barat-Abtahi Samin , Jafari-Hafshejani Faranak , Varmaghani Fahimeh , Karimi Babak , Veisi Hamzeh H.
Published: November 2023

The CoPc@GIOMC hybrid material was prepared and served as CoPc-based catalyst for eCO2RR. The cell's efficiency was improved by using a paired electrolyzer, which replaced the slow O2 production with synthesis of biologically significant sulfonamides.
Fabrication of sac-like hydrogel membranes for replicating curved tissue barriers on chips
Authors: She Wenqi , Shen Chong , Ying Yinghua , Meng Qin
Published: November 2023

Inspired by soap bubble formation, sac-like F127-DA hydrogel membranes that mimic real tissue barriers were created. It was used for the construction of a lung-on-a-chip device, successfully reproducing the pulmonary alveolar-capillary barrier.
CdS QDs decorated on 3D flower-like Sn3O4: a hierarchical photocatalyst with boosted charge separation for hydrogen production
Authors: Tan Pengfei , Yang Lu , Liu Hele , Zhang Yi , Zhou Binhua , Pan Jun
Published: November 2023

0D/3D Sn3O4/CdS nanocomposites were prepared for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation.
An intracellular in situ assembly of ultrasmall nanoparticles as drug depots for enhanced chemotherapy
Authors: Feng Liandong , Chen Zhiyou , Dong Wei , Xie Aming , Zang Xiaowei , Li Juan
Published: November 2023

An intracellular in situ assembly of nanoparticles with an initial ultrasmall size undergo transformation to micro-sized particles as drug depots inside tumour cells, which can highly improve the chemotherapy efficacy against B-cell lymphoma.
Influence of neutral auxiliary ligands on crystal structure and magnetic behaviour of new [MnII2MnIII2] clusters supported by p-adamantylcalix[4]arene
Authors: Ovsyannikov Alexander S. , Strelnikova Iuliia V. , Samigullina Aida I. , Islamov Daut R. , Cherosov Mikhail A. , Batulin Ruslan G. , Kiiamov Airat G. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Solovieva Svetlana E. , Antipin Igor S.
Published: November 2023

A new family of {MnII2MnIII2} clusters based on p-adamanthylcalix[4]arene displayed coligand-imposed fine-tunable metallic core distortion and related ferromagnetic behavior.
Switchable NaCl cages via a MWCNTs/Ni[Fe(CN)6]2 nanocomposite for high performance desalination
Authors: Yang Ze-Qin , Zhang Wei-Bin , Yang Kang , Chen Bi , Yin Yi , Li Jia-Jun , Yang Jing-Lei , Gao Yue , Ma Xue-Jing
Published: November 2023

A carbon nanocage for NaCl is designed via MWCNTs and the self-healing of Ni[Fe(CN)6]2.
Fast and high-resolution mapping of van der Waals forces of 2D materials interfaces with bimodal AFM
Authors: Gisbert Victor G. , Garcia Ricardo
Published: November 2023

High-spatial resolution mapping of van der Waals forces is relevant in several fields ranging from nanotechnology to colloidal science.
Controlled oligomeric guest stacking by cucurbiturils in water
Authors: Liu Fengbo , Kriat Amine , Rosas Roselyne , Bergé-Lefranc David , Gigmes Didier , Pascal Simon , Siri Olivier , Liu Simin , Kermagoret Anthony , Bardelang David
Published: November 2023

The macrocycles cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n], n = 8, 10) are shown to control the stacking in solution of linear, donor–acceptor molecules, with almost quantitative conversions toward supramolecular guest dimers or trimers.