bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating an algorithm to identify indices of sleep quantity and quality from a wearable armband in adults
Authors: Grau Laura , Arbet Jaron , Ostendorf Danielle M , Blankenship Jennifer M , Panter Shelby L , Catenacci Victoria A , Melanson Edward L , Creasy Seth A
Published: September 2022

Objective To develop an algorithm to quantify indices of sleep quantity and quality using the SenseWear armband (SWA) and to compare indices of sleep from this novel algorithm to standard wrist actigraphy (Actiwatch 2; AW2) under free-living conditions.

Material and Methods Thirty participants (47±10 years; 33.0±4.8kg/m2) wore the SWA and AW2 for seven consecutive days. Participants self-reported bedtime and waketime across these 7 days. Bedtime, sleep onset, sleep offset, waketime, total sleep time (TST), time in bed (TIB), sleep effciency (SE), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep fragmentations (SF), sleep regularity (calculated as SD of waketime), and mid-point of sleep were calculated using each device.

Results There was significant evidence for equivalence of means (or mean ranks) for bedtime, sleep onset, sleep offset, waketime, TST, TIB, SOL, WASO, and midpoint of sleep measured by the SWA and AW2 (p<0.05). There was insuffcient evidence for equivalence of means in SF (SW: 25±6 vs. AW2: 10±3 events; p=1.0), mean ranks in sleep regularity (SW: 58±33 vs. AW2: 68±40 min;p=0.11), and mean ranks in SE (SW: 84.7±5.1% vs. AW2: 86.3±5.5%; p=0.05). When comparing minute-by-minute sleep/wake status, the sensitivity and specificity of the SWA were 0.94 (95%CI: 0.93, 0.95) and 0.88 (95%CI: 0.85, 0.90), respectively, using AW2 as the criterion measure.

Conclusion The algorithm developed for the SWA produced relatively accurate and consistent measurements of sleep quantity, timing, and quality compared to the AW2 under free-living conditions. Thus, the SWA is a viable alternative to standard wrist actigraphy.
The sleep as a predictor of musculoskeletal injuries in adolescent athletes
Authors: Viegas Fernanda , Ocarino Juliana Melo , Freitas Luísa de Sousa , Pinto Marina Costa , Facundo Lucas Alves , Amaral Adriana Souza , Silva Samuel , Mello Marco Túlio de , Silva Andressa
Published: September 2022

Objectives Sleep is essential for musculoskeletal and cognitive recovery. Adolescent athletes tend to sleep poorly compared to adults and it may predispose them to sports injuries. Our aims are to estimate whether the quantity/quality of sleep are associated with sports injuries in adolescent athletes and to compare the quantity/quality of sleep between the training and competition seasons, and the school vacation period.

Material and Methods It was a cohort study with 19 track and field athletes of both sexes, aged between 12 and 21 years. We evaluated their sleep-wake habit through actigraphy during three phases: 1 - mid-season, 2 - competition, and 3 - school vacation. The previous six months injury history and the occurrence of injuries in a six-month follow-up were recorded. Logistic regression and variance analysis were performed. The significance level used was 0.05.

Results Wake after sleep onset (WASO) predicted previous injuries (OR=1.144) and time awake (TA) predicted injury occurrence (OR=0.974). TA decreased from phase 2 to phase 3 (p=0.004), total sleep time (TST) increased from phase 2 to phase 3 (p=0.012), and WASO decreased between phases 1 and 2 (p=0.001) and between phases 1 and 3 (p=0.025).

Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the quantity and quality of sleep were associated with musculoskeletal injuries in adolescent track and field athletes. Previous injuries were predicted by WASO and the occurrence of injuries was predicted by TA. Furthermore, during the vacation period they had lower TA and WASO, and higher TST than on school days.
The unlock consequences: changes in daily behaviors and mental health in Indian population during the second wave of COVID-19
Authors: Dwivedi Anshu , Malik Shalie , Rani Sangeeta
Published: September 2022

Objectives The COVID-19 outbreak has led to unprecedented changes throughout the world. It has imposed lockdown, social distancing to avoid the spread of this disease. India in the middle of March 2021 reported the beginning of the second wave of corona leading to massive death. We hypothesized to investigate the effect of sleep and eating behavior also got affected during unlock imposed due to the second wave.

Material and Methods The data collection was done by using an online google form by making them available to participants through various social media apps via smartphone. Total participants (n=115) mean age was 25.86±9.52 (Mean±SD). The results were analyzed by using RM One-Way ANOVA, Pearson correlation test by using SPSS 26.

Results We found that the sleep behavior including time to sleep which was delayed by 46min, time to wake up was 58min, and sleep duration was increased by 6min during the unlock days when compared with weekdays before unlock. The eating behavior during unlock including the time of breakfast, lunch, and dinner was delayed by 1-hour 3min, 23min, and 19min, respectively. The social jetlag was reduced by 6min and eating jetlag was increased by approximately 8.4min. We found a strong positive correlation between eating jetlag and social jetlag during unlock (r=0.262, p<0.005).

Conclusion Our findings can help in modifying irregular sleep and unhealthy eating behaviors into a good and healthy lifestyle which will, in turn, lead to a depression-free lifestyle during unlock/lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Hunger and torture.
Authors: Cakal Ergun
Published: September 2022

Background: Deprivation of prisoner food, in terms of its quality and quantity, has generally been accepted as violating the prohibition as torture and ill-treatment, particularly when combined with other factors (ie. harmful conditions and methods). Aspects relevant to assessing when and how food provision is considered inadequate, however, remain complex and confusing. This article presents a doctrinal review which consolidates normative understandings of adequate prisoner food.
Method: A systematic full-text search was made of international and regional normative standards, case-law and commentary using the keywords. These were then selected based on their relevance for regulatory and explanatory specificity and pertinence to detention contexts.
Findings: International and regional bodies directly connect the adequacy of food to respect for dignity, freedom from torture and ill-treatment as well as the right to health – and particularly as depending on duration, quality, quantity and variety. What constitutes inadequate food remains complex as it is contingent on both material and non-material considerations, including its quality (content, nutritiousness, edibility, variety, wholesomeness), its quantity (calorie, substantiveness, balance), its preparation (hygiene, respect to the individual and community), its provision and consumption (when, how and where it is to be eaten, regularity, accessibility, warmth/cold), its socio-cultural suitability (to religious and cultural values) and its developmental suitability (for pregnant or breast-feeding mothers and children).
The situated agency of studio learning and its value for non-studio disciplines
Authors:   , Middleton Andrew John Warwick
Published: September 2022

This thesis appraises journal articles and book chapters published between 2009 and 2018. The earlier research considers how a range of audio methods can be adapted to the needs of teaching in higher education. At the time, audio brought a new layer of presence and connectivity to the learning space (2009). Further work, using a scenario-based futures analysis method (Ramire et al., 2015), challenged a trend in the literature suggesting the value of educational podcasting was as a medium for conveying the lecturer’s voice (2011). Instead, my research argues that mobile audio-based learning can be facilitative, active and integrated, able to incorporate diverse voices and foster disruptive pedagogies. Reconsidered in 2016, audio is discussed as a disruptive extension to binary conceptions of formal-informal, physical-virtual learning space. A series of chapters (2018) incorporating diverse accounts of academic practice, student experience, and professional services roles, explore the changing nature of higher education learning space. Here, the context is expanded to accommodate diverse forms of digital and social media. The studies examine experiences situated within, across and beyond bounded learning spaces to explore: how they disrupt traditional dependencies on enclosed spaces and models of formal delivery; the emergence of learning networks as disruptive influences that challenge traditional dependencies on learning hierarchies; the disruptive use of personal smart technologies and social media in comparison to institutionally provided learning space and services; and, models of rich, experiential and active learning offering viable and engaging alternatives to content-centred models of teaching. An analysis of the publications demonstrates an emerging digital-social age hybrid studio learning paradigm capable of promoting learning agency as an outcome of co-operative and generative learning. The implications and transferability of this studio learning paradigm for higher education beyond studio disciplines, are discussed in a final paper (2017).
The politics of neo-burlesque: an investigation into the performer–audience relationship
Authors:   , Haley Claudia Jazz
Published: September 2022

The performer–audience relationship in live Contemporary Burlesque entertainment is carefully produced, developed, and maintained. All participants (compere, audience, and performer) understand and acknowledge that the performer has full agency, is aware of being watched, and is able to see and respond directly to the audience. Together, they are able to give consent to, contribute towards, and create an explorative environment. This interaction allows the potential for such a relationship to develop into one of mutual vulnerability, respect, agency, and trust. Within this curated space, unheard voices and narratives that are alternative to the societal status quo can be platformed and witnessed. The aim of this research is to adequately articulate this specific relationship, where other researchers in this emerging field of research have not. To do this, specific research questions have been asked: 1. How are performer–audience relationships created across Contemporary Burlesque? 2. How are performer–audience relationships experienced across Contemporary Burlesque, in terms of vulnerability and voyeurism? To address these questions, a methodology was designed to include theory, observational, and interviewing methods. I then created a Burlesque persona, Arabella Twist, to develop a reflexive, performance-led, practice-as-research method to discover and identify specific factors that create this relationship. The ‘Burlesque script’ and the ‘dialogic gaze’ are two factors that contribute to the knowledge generated by this thesis, and together they form a new deeper understanding of the performer–audience relationship in Burlesque. The Burlesque script, as a sequence of performer-initiated, visual cues for the audience to follow and respond to, is a launch pad for the curation and development of the dialogic gaze. The dialogic gaze is the exchange of energy, power, and agency that iii oscillates between the performer and audience based on mutual vulnerability and trust. Similar phenomena may be experienced in other forms of performance, and this understanding may benefit those forms and be of interest to those studying theatre, performance art, and the theoretical analysis of live entertainment. It may also be relevant to those from other disciplines (such as psychology and gender studies) researching consent, agency, and the gaze. For the Burlesque community, this thesis acknowledges and investigates the nuances of the art form beyond the ‘them and us’, ‘audience and performer’ structure of some traditional theatre, offering further distinctions in the mechanics of making and creating Burlesque performance as co-learning.
Modelling and Simulation of Small Scale Fixed-Wing Autonomous Aerial Vehicles
Authors:   , Khan Mahmud Safat
Published: September 2022

Although various tools (e.g., Wind tunnels, Professional-grade CFD packages, Industrial Grade Flight Simulators, etc.) for aid in the development of fixed-wing UAV/UASs exists, the associated high costs and skills requirements stunt adequate development work for many students, researchers, and even prospective businesses. The aim of this thesis, therefore, is to present investigations of effective modelling techniques, improvement of simulation fidelity, exploration and demonstration of alternative simulation and modelling approaches. The approach taken in conducting all the relevant work factored in the use of free and openly available tools and code to provide solutions for higher fidelity simulation and modelling without reliance on the traditional expensive methods. MATLAB/Simulink has been utilized to develop a 12 state, 6 degrees of freedom simulation. A scaled down Remote Control model aircraft (FMS SkyTrainer 182) and a widely used commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) simulator (X-Plane) was used to demonstrate alternative modelling techniques. Techniques to improve X-Plane’s modelling and simulation fidelity for small scale UAVs are demonstrated. Processes for improving aerodynamic lift-modelling inputs for the MATLAB/Simulink codes are outlined. Application of the free and open source XFLR5 program for supplying better aerodynamic/stability/control data for modelling is demonstrated. The work undertaken in all the aforementioned areas collectively establish an approach to simulation and modelling of small scale fixed-wing UAVs/UASs that improves simulation fidelity without the reliance on expensive facilities or software solutions.
Calidad de relación y apego en entornos online
Authors: Rufín Moreno Ramón , Medina Molina Cayetano
Published: September 2022

El presente estudio analiza el papel jugado por diversas variables que ordinariamente afectan a la calidad de relación en Internet, extendiendo su campo de aplicación a los blogs. La finalidad del análisis se centra además en el apego como elemento adicional en la calidad de relación. Para todo ello se seleccionó una muestra de blogs políticos. Los resultados obtenidos verifican el comportamiento usual de la calidad de relación, pero sobre todo indican significativamente que el apego ejerce una notable influencia sobre la satisfacción y el compromiso, pero no sobre la confianza, tratándose además de una de las variables que mejor explican el compromiso. En otras palabras, si se trata de explicar el desarrollo de compromiso hacia lo que podríamos llamar marcas humanas en los entornos políticos en Internet resulta fundamental contemplar el papel jugado por el apego, tanto directamente como mediado por la satisfacción. Ello tiene consecuencias sobre la gestión de la acción política en Internet.
La Satisfacción como Indicador de Calidad de Relaciones entre Fabricante y Proveedor en Sudáfrica
Authors: Mpinganjira Mercy , Bogaards Marlene , Svensson Göran , Mysen Tore , Padín Carmen
Published: September 2022

La confianza, el compromiso y la satisfacción son identificados como los conceptos más importantes en el establecimiento de relaciones de negocio entre fabricante y proveedor en mercados competitivos. Sin embargo, existe una falta de consenso acerca de cómo estos tres constructos se relacionan entre sí. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprobar que la satisfacción juega un importante papel como mediador entre el compromiso y la confianza, y si la satisfacción influye en tres resultados importantes de las relaciones comerciales: la cooperación, la coordinación y la continuidad. Se recogieron datos de las organizaciones que forman parte de las 500 empresas más grandes de Sudáfrica a través de entrevistas telefónicas asistidas por ordenador. Los resultados apoyan la propuesta de marco conceptual del estudio, que muestra que la confianza y el compromiso se relacionan positivamente con la satisfacción, y que la satisfacción está relacionada positivamente con la coordinación, la cooperación y la continuidad. Este estudio supone una importante contribución acerca de la comprensión de la red nomológica de constructos de calidad de relación entre proveedor y fabricante. Los resultados apoyan la importancia de desarrollar relaciones de confianza y compromiso, que aumentan la satisfacción, y así afianzar la coordinación, la cooperación y la continuidad de las relaciones comerciales.
Efecto del materialismo sobre el uso del nombre de marca en las decisiones de compra desde una perspectiva intercultural
Authors: Ostrovskaya Liudmila , Sarabia-Sánchez Francisco José
Published: September 2022

Se analiza la influencia del materialismo sobre la tendencia de los consumidores a utilizar el nombre de marca (TBN) como principal criterio de elección y cómo cambia esta influencia en función de las principa-les variables sociodemográficas (sexo y edad). Se analizan los datos de consumidores rusos y españoles con muestras finales de nEspaña=321 y nRusia=375. El diseño es similar a un método Web de muestreo adaptativo. Con el fin de asegurar la representatividad, ambas muestras cumplen cuotas mínimas para los criterios de sexo, edad y hábitat. Los resultados muestran que las diferentes dimensiones de materialismo influyen de forma distinta en la TBN y que los consumidores con un alto nivel de TBN también presentan un nivel de materialismo más alto. Las diferencias con las que las dimensiones de materialismo influyen sobre la TBN de los nuevos consu-midores vs. experimentados pueden ser aprovechados por las empresas en el desarrollo de sus estrate-gias de comunicación y branding o la segmentación de mercados a nivel internacional. Este estudio también contribuye a comprender más profundamente la naturaleza de la demanda de los productos con nombre de marca.
Uma análise sobre gêneros descartáveis e corpos matáveis em Manaus
Authors: Porto Karolline de Andrade , Neves André Luiz Machado das , Ferreira Breno de Oliveira
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma análise descritiva sobre as informações reunidas a respeito de crimes contra a vida e contra a integridade física de pessoas LGBT em Manaus. Realizou-se um estudo hemerográfico, desenvolvido em quatro etapas, que investigou matérias do caso do homicídio da travesti Paty Santos e do gay João Isac Ismael da Silva, em Manaus, capital do norte do país que tem apontado elevado índice de mortes de pessoas LGBT. Foi possível perceber a recorrente tortura empreendida na execução dos crimes, que se estende no campo virtual das matérias jornalísticas, e que suscita o fortalecimento do próprio conceito de cidadania para as pessoas LGBT.
Muito mais que uma festa
Authors: Passos Gladston Oliveira dos , Melo Marcos Ribeiro de
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo produzir um debate sobre as Paradas do Orgulho LGBT, tendo como foco as de Sergipe, e sua relação na construção da luta contra as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) e HIV/AIDS. Dessa forma, buscou-se investigar as condições de constituição da luta contra o HIV/AIDS no Brasil, a chegada da doença em Sergipe e as relações do governo com os movimentos homossexual/GLBT/LGBT. Por fim, analisou-se o envolvimento da Parada LGBT de Sergipe com as ações de prevenção as ISTs e HIV. A importância dessa pesquisa se deve, primeiro, pela escassez de estudos sobre a temática e, segundo, por problematizar a ideia de que a Parada se trata apenas de um evento festivo. O percurso metodológico do trabalho envolveu levantamento bibliográfico, consulta de jornais, entrevista e trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa.
Transviar Saúde(s) ou direito à autodefinição na (e para além da) saúde
Authors: Mesquita Daniella Chagas , Oliveira Esmael Alves de
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo busca compreender o modo como pessoas travestis e transexuais, na busca de seus sentidos de saúde, tensionam e questionam os dispositivos transexualizadores. Foi assim que, por meio de uma pesquisa de campo de viés cartográfico, realizada junto a um Ambulatório Transexualizador localizado em Campo Grande (MS) e a uma reunião entre o Fórum LGBT/MS e a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SESAU), pudemos pensar tanto os mecanismos que restringem acessos, direitos e reconhecimento quanto as estratégias dos sujeitos trans para seu questionamento e subversão. Assim, a partir das observações e diálogos estabelecidos, foi possível perceber como as experiências trans, a partir do ponto de vista do saber-poder biomédico, ainda estão inseridas numa inteligibilidade cisgênera, binária e heteropatriarcal. Apesar disso, a resistência de sujeitos e coletivos trans é reveladora de que tal dispositivo está longe de ter a última palavra sobre seus corpos, suas vidas e sua saúde.
Optimizing Investment in Housing as a Social Determinant of Health
Authors: Butler Stuart M.
Published: September 2022

This JAMA Forum discusses the challenges of assessing the effects of housing investment as a social determinant of health, coordinating budgeting, building infrastructure, and the targeted government actions underway.
Two-Year Health Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors in China
Authors: Yang Xinyue , Hou Chao , Shen Ye , Zhang Mingyang , Zhang Kejun , Wang Fang , Liu Yuhui , Ma Xiangyu , Cheng Lixia , Kang Jun , Hu Baoman , Wang Man , Zeng Ling , Wang Yanjiang , He Yong , Cao Guoqiang , Jiang Jianxin , Jones Paul , Cao Bin , Li Li
Published: September 2022

Importance

Relatively little is known about the persistence of symptoms in patients with COVID-19 for more than 1 year after their acute illness.

Objective

To assess the health outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 survivors over 2 years and to identify factors associated with increased risk of persistent symptoms.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a longitudinal cohort study of patients who survived COVID-19 at 2 COVID-19–designated hospitals in Wuhan, China, from February 12 to April 10, 2020. All patients were interviewed via telephone at 1 year and 2 years after discharge. The 2-year follow-up study was conducted from March 1 to April 6, 2022. Statistical analysis was conducted from April 20 to May 5, 2022. The severity of disease was defined by World Health Organization guideline for COVID-19.

Exposures

COVID-19.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was symptom changes over 2 years after hospital discharge. All patients completed a symptom questionnaire for evaluation of symptoms, along with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) at 1-year and 2-year follow-up visits.

Results

Of 3988 COVID-19 survivors, a total of 1864 patients (median [IQR] age, 58.5 [49.0-68.0] years; 926 male patients [49.7%]) were available for both 1-year and 2-year follow-up visits. The median (IQR) time from discharge to follow-up at 2 years was 730 (719-743) days. At 2 years after hospital discharge, 370 patients (19.8%) still had symptoms, including 224 (12.0%) with persisting symptoms and 146 (7.8%) with new-onset or worsening of symptoms. The most common symptoms were fatigue, chest tightness, anxiety, dyspnea, and myalgia. Most symptoms resolved over time, but the incidence of dyspnea showed no significant change (1-year vs 2-year, 2.6% [49 patients] vs 2.0% [37 patients]). A total of 116 patients (6.2%) had CAT total scores of at least 10 at 2 years after discharge. Patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit had higher risks of persistent symptoms (odds ratio, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.02-7.06; P = .04) and CAT scores of 10 or higher (odds ratio, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.21-6.66; P = .02).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, 2 years after hospital discharge, COVID-19 survivors had a progressive decrease in their symptom burden, but those with severe disease during hospitalization, especially those who required intensive care unit admission, had higher risks of persistent symptoms. These results are related to the original strain of the virus, and their relevance to infections with the Omicron variant is not known.
Misinterpretation of Surgeons’ Statements on Cancer Removal—The Adverse Effects of “We Got It All”
Authors: Wong Bonnie O. , Clapp Justin T. , Morris Arden M.
Published: September 2022

This Viewpoint describes the miscommunication and potential adverse effects of the phrase “we got it all” after cancer surgery and advises using with caution.
Chemotherapy-Induced Hyperopic Surprise in a Woman With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Bui Anh D. , Lopez Sarah , Seitzman Gerami D.
Published: September 2022

This case report describes a woman aged 64 years with a history of multiple myeloma who presented with worsening vision after receiving an infusion of belantamab mafodotin.
Patient With Hearing Loss and a Middle Ear Mass
Authors: Neutel Kjell , Mes Steven , Merkus Paul
Published: September 2022

A 65-year-old patient with a history of myocardial infarction, sleep apnea, Meniere disease, and congenital cataract presented with left-sided hearing loss during the past 6 months without evident cause. What is your diagnosis?
MYPT1 inhibits the metastasis of renal clear cell carcinoma via the MAPK8/N‐cadherin pathway
Authors: Xie Qingling , Liu Ren , Zou Zhihao , Feng Yuanfa , Huang Yiqiao , Xu Guibin , Sun Wei , Liang Yuxiang , Zhong Weide
Published: September 2022

Myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) is a subunit of myosin phosphatase that is capable of regulating smooth muscle contraction. MYPT1 has been reported to be involved in a wide variety of tumours, but its expression and biological functions in renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain obscure. Herein, we analysed the relationship between patient clinicopathological characteristics and MYPT1 expression levels in ccRCC patients using a tissue microarray (TMA) and data retrieved from the TCGA‐KIRC dataset. MYPT1 was overexpressed or depleted using siRNA in ccRCC cells to assess the effects on migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, RNA‐sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to investigate the precise mechanism. MYPT1 expression in ccRCC tissues was observed to be lower than that in nonmalignant tissues (P < 0.05). In addition, MYPT1 downregulation was closely linked to advanced pathological stage (P < 0.05), and poor OS (overall survival; P < 0.05). Functionally, increased expression of MYPT1 suppressed ccRCC migration and invasion in vitro, and inhibited tumour metastasis in vivo. In addition, MYPT1 overexpression exerted its suppressive effects via the MAPK8/N‐cadherin pathway in ccRCC.
Methanocaldococcus
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Biswarup , Dodsworth Jeremy A. , Whitman William B.
Published: September 2022

Me.tha.no.cal.do.coc'cus. N.L. neut. n.
methanum,
methane; L. masc. adj.
caldus,
hot; Gr. masc. n.
kokkos,
a grain, a seed; N.L. masc. n.
Methanocaldococcus
a coccus producing methane at hyperthermophilic growth temperatures.

Euryarchaeota / Methanococci / Methanococcales / Methanocaldococcaceae / Methanocaldococcus

Regular to irregular cocci, 1–3 μm in diameter. Cells stain Gram‐negative and lyse rapidly in aqueous solutions with low osmotic strength. Motile by means of polar tufts of flagella. Obligately anaerobic. Hyperthermophilic (temperature optima: 80–90°C). pH optima between 6.0 and 7.0. NaCl required for growth, optimal concentration 2.5–3.0% (w/v). Obligately methanogenic; H
2
serves as the electron donor. Formate, acetate, methanol, and methylamines are not substrates for methanogenesis. Autotrophic growth in mineral medium. Selenium is required and tungsten is stimulatory for growth. Complex carbon sources such as yeast extract are sometimes stimulatory. Nitrogen sources include ammonium, nitrate, and N
2
gas. Sulfur sources include sulfide, sulfite, and S
0
. Isolated from deep‐sea hydrothermal vents and surrounding sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 29.5–33.6 (genome, LC).

Type species
:
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii
Whitman 2001, VL85 (basonym:
Methanococcus jannaschii
Jones et al. 1983, VL16).
Thiospirochaeta
Authors: Grabovich Margarita Y. , Gureeva Maria V.
Published: September 2022

Thi.o.spi.ro.chae'ta. Gr. neut. n.
theion
sulfur; N.L. fem. n.
Spirochaeta
a bacterial genus; N.L. fem. n.
Thiospirochaeta
sulfur spirochete.

Spirochaetota / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Spirochaetaceae / Thiospirochaeta

The genus
Thiospirochaeta
accommodates moderately halophilic aerotolerant anaerobic spirochetes isolated from the “
Thiodendron
” consortium consisting of spirochetes and sulfidogens. The genus includes a single species represented by one strain. Gram‐stain negative cells can occur as three morphotypes: short cells with typical movement of spirochetes (anaerobic conditions), long nonmotile filaments with periplasmic sulfur globules (micro‐oxic conditions with low sulfide concentrations), and round bodies (any unfavorable conditions). Cells form conglomerates immersed in a polysaccharide matrix under microaerobic conditions. Able to accumulate sulfur globules in the cell periplasm in the presence of sulfide in micro‐oxic conditions. Capable of reducing sulfur and thiosulfate. Preferred substrates for growth are carbohydrates. Obligately fermentative metabolism with the production of formate, acetate, ethanol, CO
2
, and H
2
during growth of glucose. The major fatty acids are iso‐C
14:0
, iso‐C
15:0
, anteiso‐C
15:0
, and aldehyde C
14:0
. The genome of type strain,
Thiospirochaeta perfilievii
P
T
comprises one circular chromosome with a size of 3.67 Mb that contains 3,383 protein‐coding genes and 73 RNA genes, including six operons of ribosomal RNA genes. Known habitats are saline sulfide springs and waters, littoral and sublittoral zones of the seas and oceans.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 32.6 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Thiospirochaeta perfilievii
Dubinina et al. 2020
VP
(basonym:
Spirochaeta perfilievii
Dubinina et al. 2011).
Four irradiation and three positioning techniques for whole‐breast radiotherapy: Is sophisticated always better?
Authors: Schoepen Max , Speleers Bruno , De Neve Wilfried , Vakaet Vincent , Deseyne Pieter , Paelinck Leen , Van Greveling Annick , Veldeman Liv , Detand Jan , De Gersem Werner
Published: September 2022

Purpose

We report on a dosimetrical study of three patient positions (supine, prone dive, and prone crawl) and four irradiation techniques for whole‐breast irradiation (WBI): wedged‐tangential fields (W‐TF), tangential‐field intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (TF‐IMRT), multi‐beam IMRT (MB‐IMRT), and intensity‐modulated arc therapy (IMAT). This is the first study to evaluate prone crawl positioning in WBI and the first study to quantify dosimetrical and anatomical differences with prone dive positioning.

Methods

We analyzed five datasets with left‐ and right‐sided patients (n = 51). One dataset also included deep‐inspiration breath hold (DIBH) data. A total of 252 new treatment plans were composed. Dose–volume parameters and indices of conformity were calculated for the planning target volume (PTV) and organs‐at‐risk (OARs). Furthermore, anatomical differences among patient positions were quantified to explain dosimetrical differences.

Results

Target coverage was inferior for W‐TF and supine position. W‐TF proved overall inferior, and IMAT proved foremost effective in supine position. TF‐IMRT proved competitive to the more demanding MB‐IMRT and IMAT in prone dive, but not in prone crawl position. The lung‐sparing effect was overall confirmed for both prone dive and prone crawl positioning and was largest for prone crawl. For the heart, no differences were found between prone dive and supine positioning, whereas prone crawl showed cardiac advantages, although minor compared to the established heart‐sparing effect of DIBH. Dose differences for contralateral breast were minor among the patient positions. In prone crawl position, the ipsilateral breast sags deeper and the PTV is further away from the OARs than in prone dive position.

Conclusions

The prone dive and prone crawl position are valid alternatives to the supine position in WBI, with largest advantages for lung structures. For the heart, differences are small, which establishes the role of DIBH in different patient positions. These results may be of particular interest to radiotherapy centers with limited technical resources.
AAPM WGPDMP Report 373: The content, structure, and value of the Professional Doctorate in Medical Physics (DMP)
Authors: Burmeister Jay W. , Coffey Charles W. , Hazle John D. , Kirby Neil , Kuang Yu , Lamba Michael A. , Loughery Brian , Papanikolaou Niko
Published: September 2022

The Professional Doctorate in Medical Physics (DMP) was originally conceived as a solution to the shortage of medical physics residency training positions. While this shortage has now been largely satisfied through conventional residency training positions, the DMP has expanded to multiple institutions and grown into an educational pathway that provides specialized clinical training and extends well beyond the creation of additional training spots. As such, it is important to reevaluate the purpose and the value of the DMP. Additionally, it is important to outline the defining characteristics of the DMP to assure that all existing and future programs provide this anticipated value. Since the formation and subsequent accreditation of the first DMP program in 2009–2010, four additional programs have been created and accredited. However, no guidelines have yet been recommended by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. CAMPEP accreditation of these programs has thus far been based only on the respective graduate and residency program standards. This allows the development and operation of DMP programs which contain only the requisite Master of Science (MS) coursework and a 2‐year clinical training program. Since the MS plus 2‐year residency pathway already exists, this form of DMP does not provide added value, and one may question why this existing pathway should be considered a doctorate. Not only do we, as a profession, need to outline the defining characteristics of the DMP, we need to carefully evaluate the potential advantages and disadvantages of this pathway within our education and training infrastructure. The aims of this report from the Working Group on the Professional Doctorate Degree for Medical Physicists (WGPDMP) are to (1) describe the current state of the DMP within the profession, (2) make recommendations on the structure and content of the DMP for existing and new DMP programs, and (3) evaluate the value of the DMP to the profession of medical physics.
Systematic study of the iodinated rectal hydrogel spacer material discrepancy on accuracy of proton dosimetry
Authors: Hooshangnejad Hamed , Han Dong , Feng Ziwei , Dong Liang , Sun Edward , Du Kaifang , Ding Kai
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Iodination of rectal hydrogel spacer increases the computed tomography (CT) visibility. The effect of iodinated hydrogel spacer material on the accuracy of proton dosimetry has not been fully studied yet. We presented a systematic study to determine the effect of iodination on proton dosimetry accuracy during proton therapy (PT).

Methods

PT plans were designed for 20 prostate cancer patients with rectal hydrogel spacer. Three variations of hydrogel density were considered. First, as the ground truth, the true elemental composition of hydrogel true material (TM), verified by our measurement of spacer stopping power ratio, was used for plan optimization and Monte Carlo dose calculation. The dose distribution was recalculated with (1) no material (NM) override based on the CT intensity of the iodinated spacer, and (2) the water material (WM) override, where spacer material was replaced by water. The plans were compared with the ground truth using the metrics of gamma index (GI) and dosimetric indices.

Results

The iodination of hydrogel spacer affected the proton dose distribution with the NM scenario showing the most deviation from the ground truth. The iodination of spacer resulted in a notable increase in CT intensity and led to the treatment planning systems mistreating the iodinated spacer as a high‐density material. Among the structures adjacent to the target, neurovascular bundles showed the largest dose difference, up to 350 cGy or about 5% of the prescribed dose with NM. Compared to the WM scenario, dose distribution similarity and GI passing ratios were lower in the NM scenario.

Conclusion

The inaccurate CT intensity‐based material for iodinated spacer resulted in errors in PT dose calculation. We found that the error was negligible if the iodinated spacer was replaced with water. Water density can be used as a clinically accessible and convenient alternative material override to true spacer material.
Metabolome and transcriptome analysis on muscle of sporadic inclusion body myositis
Authors: Murakami Ayuka , Noda Seiya , Kazuta Tomoyuki , Hirano Satoko , Kimura Seigo , Nakanishi Hirotaka , Matsuo Koji , Tsujikawa Koyo , Iida Madoka , Koike Haruki , Sakamoto Kazuma , Hara Yuichiro , Kuru Satoshi , Kadomatsu Kenji , Shimamura Teppei , Ogi Tomoo , Katsuno Masahisa
Published: September 2022

Objective

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is the most common acquired myopathy in patients older than 50 years of age. sIBM is hardly responds to any immunosuppressing theraphies, and its pathophysiology remains elusive. This study aims to explore pathogenic pathways underlying sIBM and identify novel therapeutic targets using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed biopsied muscle samples from 14 sIBM patients and six non‐diseased subjects to identify metabolic profiles. Frozen muscle samples were used to measure metabolites with cation and anion modes of capillary electrophoresis time of flight mass spectrometry. We validated the metabolic pathway altered in muscles of sIBM patients through RNA sequencing and histopathological studies.

Results

A total of 198 metabolites were identified. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identified specific metabolite changes in sIBM muscle samples. The pathways of histamine biosynthesis and certain glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis were upregulated in sIBM patients, whereas those of carnitine metabolism and creatine metabolism were downregulated. Histopathological examination showed infiltration of mast cells and deposition of chondroitin sulfate in skeletal muscle samples, supporting the results of metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses.

Interpretation

We identified alterations of several metabolic pathways in muscle samples of sIBM patients. These results suggest that mast cells, chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis, carnitine, and creatine play roles in sIBM pathophysiology.
Investigation on the Reliability of an Ablation Thermal Protection Coating with Adjustable Thickness under Aerothermal–Vibration Coupling Environment
Authors: He Dalong , Jiao Fangkun , Ou Dongbin , Wu Jianying
Published: September 2022

Advanced thermal protection system is the core component of supersonic vehicles. A novel hydroxyl‐terminated silicone oligomer‐bridged epoxy resins (PSG)‐based ablation thermal protection coatings (ATPCs) with different thickness are fabricated. The thermal insulation and structural reliability of the coatings are investigated by an aerothermal–vibration coupling test system. During the test, the heat flux of the surface of ATPCs ranges from 400 to 700 kW m−2. Meanwhile, the vibration load is a random vibration with frequency range of 20–2000 Hz and root mean square of total acceleration (Grms) of 15 g. The maximum surface and back‐face temperatures of the coating with the thickness of 2 mm reach 771.8 and 113.6 °C, respectively. Compared with epoxy resin‐based ATPCs, the PSG‐based ATPCs show excellent structural reliability during the test. Finally, the comprehensive properties of ATPCs with different thickness are also carefully studied. Results show that the reduction of thickness obviously suppresses the surface temperature (≈743.4 °C) and increase in back‐face temperature (≈241.5 °C) yet maintaining much higher structural reliability. This study provides a solution for obtaining excellent thermal insulation performance ATPCs with high structural reliability, which is highly desired in supersonic vehicles.
A Calcium Fluoride Nanozyme for Ultrasound‐Amplified and Ca2+‐Overload‐Enhanced Catalytic Tumor Nanotherapy
Authors: Dong Caihong , Dai Xinyue , Wang Xi , Lu Qing , Chen Liang , Song Xinran , Ding Li , Huang Hui , Feng Wei , Chen Yu , Chang Meiqi
Published: September 2022

The anticancer mechanism of nanozymes is dominantly associated with the capacity for generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by the valence change of metal elements. However, very little research is focused on and has achieved the exploration and development of enzyme‐mimicking activities of valence‐invariable metal compounds. Herein, a distinct valence‐invariable calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanozyme with ultrasound (US)‐enhanced peroxidase (POD)‐mimicking activity is rationally designed and engineered for efficient calcium (Ca2+)‐overload‐enhanced catalytic tumor nanotherapy, which is the first paradigm of Ca‐based nanozymes for catalytic cancer treatment. The release of exogenous Ca2+ ions from CaF2 nanocrystals and deleterious ROS generation derived from US‐amplified POD‐mimicking properties facilitate intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and achieve Ca2+‐overload‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction through introducing exogenous Ca2+ ions and regulating calcium‐pumping channels of neoplastic cells. Especially, US as an exogenous energy input is capable of substantially amplifying POD‐mimicking catalytic activities of CaF2 nanozyme, ultimately achieving efficient anti‐neoplastic outcome on both 4T1 breast tumor and H22 hepatic carcinoma animal models. Such a discovery of enzyme‐like activity of valence‐invariable metal compounds can broaden the cognition scope of nanozymes and effectively serves the field of catalytic and chemoreactive nanomedicine.
Progress and Perspectives of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Gas Sensing
Authors: Chu Tianshu , Rong Chao , Zhou Lei , Mao Xinyuan , Zhang Bowei , Xuan Fuzhen
Published: September 2022

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) attract extensive attention in the field of heterogeneous catalysis in recent years due to the maximum atom utilization and unique physical and chemical properties. The gas sensing is actually a heterogeneous catalysis process but the SACs are new to this area. Although SACs show huge potential in gas sensing, the SACs gas sensing area currently is still at the infancy stage. This work critically reviews the recent advances and current status of single‐atom gas sensing materials. General synthesis routes, characterization methods, and sensing performance indexes are introduced. At the end, the challenges and future prospects on SACs gas sensing are presented from the authors’ perspectives. This work is anticipated to provide insights and guideline for the chemical sensing community.
Femtosecond Laser‐Texturing the Surface of Ti‐Based Implants to Improve Their Osseointegration Capacity
Authors: Lackington William A. , Schweizer Peter , Khokhlova Mariya , Cancellieri Claudia , Guimond Stefanie , Chopard‐Lallier Anne‐Lise , Hofstetter Joëlle , Schmutz Patrik , Maeder Xavier , Rottmar Markus
Published: September 2022

In modern oral maxillofacial surgery, long‐term implant stability is intrinsically linked to the quality of osseointegration. While the osseointegration capacity of implants can be improved by modifying their surface properties, commonly used techniques, including sandblasting and acid etching, are stochastic processes offering virtually zero capacity to control the uniformity and reproducibility of micro‐ and nano‐scale surface features. In this study, titanium‐aluminium‐vanadium (TiAlV) implant surfaces are modified using femtosecond (fs) laser‐texturing, and its influence on physicochemical properties, on blood–implant interactions, and on the osseointegration potential is investigated in vitro. Laser‐texturing enables the production of designer surfaces with micro‐scale features defined in size and arrangement. While state of the art TiAlV surfaces prepared by sandblasting with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) show significant grain refinement at the near surface, fs laser‐texturing preserves the grain size and enhances the microstrain and oxide layer thickness but also leads to 15% lower bulk fatigue in comparison to BCP treatment. Blood coagulation is similar on laser‐textured and BCP surfaces, as is mineralization by human bone progenitor cells, albeit with a decreasing trend for laser‐textured surfaces. Laser‐texturing thus presents as a promising approach to create highly reproducible designer surfaces with biological performance comparable to state‐of‐the‐art implants.
Moving Contact Line Instability on Soluble Fibers
Authors: Yang Jinhong , Yuan Quanzi
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a new kind of instability when inserting a soluble fiber into liquid. After wetting and dissolving the fiber by the liquid, the moving contact line (MCL) spontaneously loses stability. Because the sculpted shape of the fiber looks like a Chinese pagoda, this instability is named as the pagoda instability (PI). The coupling of dissolution and wetting leads to other special phenomena, i.e., dissolving‐induced jet flow, and optimizes the fiber shape, etc. A criterion of PI is proposed and the competition between the interfacial energy and chemical potential to deduce the MCL motion and PI is shown. A phase diagram is used to summarize the final shapes of the fibers. By conducting atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements, it is found that fibers with optimized shapes have a low adhesion force. Using the optimized fiber can decrease the influence of the capillary force during AFM measurements in humid environments by 70%.
A Transient and Biocompatible Biomemristor Integrated with NonVolatile Memory and Artificial Synapse
Authors: Xue Qi , Zhang Ke , Liang Jianghu , Sun Yu , Zhang Xiaonong , Chen Chun‐Chao , Wu Yunwen , Ling Huiqin , Li Ming , Hang Tao
Published: September 2022

Transient electronics have been intensively studied due to their potential in bio‐diagnostics and therapeutic areas. However, most devices only serve as the terminal of data collection and storage, and the clinical decision must rely on doctor analysis, which cannot provide timely warning and treatment when facing an emergency. Thus, it is critically important to build a device integrated with data storage and neuromorphic computing that can operate in physiological environments. In this work, a multifunctional memristor with an Ag/combustion zinc oxide/W structure is proposed. The memristor exhibits reliable digital resistive switching performance, including a uniform switching voltage, stable retention time, and robust on/off ratio. Simultaneously, the conductance‐modulation capabilities along with biological synaptic behaviors such as short/long‐term plasticity are fulfilled in this memristor. Moreover, a three‐layer memristor‐based neuromorphic network is constructed to perform pattern recognition and achieves a high accuracy of more than 92.2 percent. Dissolution and cell toxicity tests demonstrate the degradable and biocompatible characteristics of the memristor. This work may provide a feasible strategy to integrate information processing and data storage into one biomemristor and pave the way for innovating artificial synapses in bioelectronics applications.