bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Synthesized Calcium Hydrosilicates Effect on the Properties of Energy-Saving Wall Silicate Blocks Obtained on the Basis of Technogenic Raw Materials
Authors: Volodchenko Aleksandr , Lesovik Valery , Volodchenko Anatoly , Cherepanova Irina
Published: August 2021

Currently, building blocks are widely used in the construction industry, the use of which contributes to an increase in the speed of construction several times, and also reduces labor costs. To obtain wall blocks, various binders are currently used, but the use of composite binders obtained on the basis of new types of raw materials, is relevant. Among the currently non-used natural raw materials, it is possible to single out aluminosilicate rocks, unconventional for the construction industry, characterized by the presence of clay rocks of mineral formation unfinished stage (aggregates) in their composition. Based on the results of the studies carried out, the effect of the synthesized calcium hydrosilicates addition was established as СSH (I) and С2SH(A) on the properties of energy-saving wall silicate blocks obtained on the basis of technogenic aluminosilicate raw materials. The rational content of the СSH (I) additive is 1.5 wt. %, which contributes to an increase in the products’ strength by 30-50%. The optimum lime content in the raw mix is 12 wt. %. The nature of the influence С2SH(A) on the properties of non-autoclave silicate materials obtained by the method of injection technology, in general, coincides with the addition of CSH (I). The resulting material can be used as a structural material (non-supporting structures) inside low-rise buildings and structures. Low average density of this material (1300–1450 kg/m3) indicates the best thermal properties (the thermal conductivity coefficient of the samples is 0.17 W/m·K).
The trees in the middle of Paradise (Gn 2:9) during the Great Lent: Orthodox hymnography as biblical interpretation
Authors: Oancea Constantin H.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the interpretation of the Scripture in Byzantine hymnography during the Great Lent. Some notable recent contributions focus on Andrew of Crete’s and Romanos the Melodist’s compositions, illustrating the hymnographic way of understanding the Scriptures. The author of this study presents a selection of stanzas from hymns of the Triodion that refer to the trees of Paradise. Hymnography perceives the trees in Genesis 2–3 in direct connection with the cross. Only rarely is the tree of life a metaphor for Jesus, as the shadow of the tree of the cross is seldom a metaphor for protection. Another interesting aspect in relation to hymnography is the fact that it represents a type of intertextual exegesis of biblical texts. Hymnographers interpret passages from Genesis by using texts from Psalms, Prophets and especially from the New Testament, combining images and biblical texts in the depiction of liturgical moments.Contribution: Compared with previous research, this article discusses some rare hymnographic interpretations (shadow of the cross; cross in the middle of the earth). The analysis accentuates that the hymnic approach to the Scripture is a form of intertextual exegesis.
Female Dhat syndrome in primary care setting
Authors: Mehra Aseem , Kathirvel Soundappan , Gainder Shalini , Avasthi Ajit , Grover Sandeep
Published: August 2021

Aim:

The study aimed to evaluate the females presenting with the complaint of nonpathological vaginal discharge to a general gynecology outpatient service in a rural community clinic from the perspective of female Dhat syndrome.

Methodology:

Sixty-nine females considered to have nonpathological vaginal discharge after detailed gynecological evaluation, including required investigations, attending a rural community clinic were assessed for their belief about the vaginal discharge. The study subjects were also evaluated on the proposed criteria of female Dhat syndrome by using a semi-structured interview.

Results:

The mean age of onset of vaginal discharge was 36.1 (standard deviation - 8.5) years. Most of the females considered the loss of vaginal fluid as loss of a vital fluid from the body. Consumption of warm foods and drinks (75.8%) was the most common reason reported for vaginal discharge followed by eating unbalanced food/inappropriate food (73.5%). A majorty of the subjects considered vaginal discharge responsible for bodily weakness (87.0%), backache (71.0%) and stomache (66.7%). About two-third of the participants considered the taking energizing medications like vitamins/tonics/tablets and treatment from a gynecologist the treatment for vaginal discharge.

Conclusions:

Significant proportion of females with non-pathological vaginal discharge have a belief that they are losing a vital fluid of the body. The subject attributes their symptoms to factors such as consumption of warm foods and drinks, and eating unbalanced food/inappropriate food. Accordingly, assessment and management of women with Dhat syndrome require addressing these important issues.
Development of Bengali Version of a Questionnaire Assessing Impact of Hyperuricemia on Quality of Life
Authors: Saha Sangita , Chattopadhyay Rajat , Das Satadal , Sarkar Paulami , Nayak Chintamani , Bhar Koushik , Misra Pankhuri , Chattopadhyay Abhijit , Ghosh Priyanka , Ganguly Subhasish , Mukherjee Shyamal , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil
Published: August 2021

Context:

Hyperuricemia and gout has been found to be associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL); however, there is no available Bengali questionnaire assessing the same.

Aims:

We aimed to develop the Bengali version of a questionnaire and examine its cross-cultural adaptability considering linguistic equivalence.

Settings and Design:

A multicentric, mixed methods, cross-sectional study was conducted through consecutive sampling at the outpatients of three homeopathic hospitals in West Bengal.

Subjects and Methods:

The Bengali version of the questionnaire was produced by standardized forward–backward translations. Psychometric analysis was run to examine its factor structure, validity, and reliability.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Reliability was examined using internal consistency (n = 210). Construct validity was examined by exploratory factor analysis (n = 105) using principal component analysis (PCA; varimax rotation). Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 105) was performed to verify the model fit.

Results:

The internal consistency (Cronbach's α =0.880; 95% confidence interval 0.855–0.902), test–retest reliability and concurrent validity of the questionnaire– all were within acceptable limits. The (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin = 0.832) and Bartlett's test of sphericity (Chi-square: 1644.344 at df = 210, P < 0.001) both suggested adequacy of the sample. In factor analysis using varimax, all the items loaded above the prespecified value of 0.4 and identified 6 components, explaining 77% of the variation. One item revealed a negative variance; hence the whole component of 2 items was removed from further evaluation. The goodness-of-fit of the 5-components model in CFA was also acceptable (Comparative fit index = 0.702, tucker Lewis index = 0.641, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.156, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.123).

Conclusions:

The developed Bengali version of the questionnaire consisting of 19 items and framed within 5 components, appeared to be a valid and reliable instrument measuring HRQoL in patients suffering from hyperuricemia.
Supine Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in a Patient with a History of Previous Spinal Surgeries
Authors: Nerli Rajendra B , Patil Shashank D , Chandra Shoubhik
Published: August 2021

Patients with abnormal body habitus because of spinal deformities and patients having undergone previous spinal surgeries present a challenge during surgical, anesthesiologic, and technical procedures. In these patients, management of urolithiasis may be difficult because of anatomic variations and respiratory dysfunction, stone size, spinal deformities, or risk of spinal injuries. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) as monotherapy has advantages in removing large stones and achieving excellent results with minimal morbidity. PCNL in supine position has several advantages attached to it, which include improvement in anesthetic management, decreased intrarenal pressures, decreased radiation exposure and improved ergonomics of fluoroscopy, improvements in patient positioning, and shorter operative time. We report a case of supine PCNL in a patient who was operated previously on the cervical and lumbar spine.
Management of Gilbert's Syndrome with Low-Dose, Diluted Hyperbaricity of Spinal Bupivacaine
Authors: Kadni Reena Ravindra , Samuel Laji Abraham , Archana S , Sravanthi A
Published: August 2021

Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is an inherited unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia state. Regional anesthesia is recommended over general anesthesia in the management of these patients for surgeries. We describe anesthesia management of a young patient with GS for a below umbilical surgery, with modified spinal anesthesia by diluting the hyperbaricity and reducing the concentration in prone position. Selective sensory blockade with stable hemodynamics, faster recovery, and minimal stress response proved to be beneficial. When feasible, this modified spinal anesthesia can be opted for the management of short duration surgeries in patients with GS.
Pharmacist-Run Medication Reconciliation for Veterans Admitted to Non-Veterans Affairs Hospice Care
Authors: Alley Anne , Dorscheid Holly , Hentzen Kathryn
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase pharmacist involvement in the outpatient hospice transition process to improve care of veterans, prevent medication errors, and to ensure medications are provided to the patient via the appropriate pharmacy.
Methods: This project began with implementation of a pilot process for the pharmacist to complete medication reconciliation for each patient admitted to non-Veterans Affairs (VA) hospice care from the Omaha VA Medical Center. The second step of this project was completion of
a retrospective chart review of the interventions made. Statistical analysis was completed via descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 21 patients were eligible for this study. The mean age was 78 years. The average total number of medications per veteran before and
after medication reconciliation for VA meds were 13 and 4 and for non-VA meds were 4 and 6, respectively. The average total cost savings for one fill of all medications changed to non-VA was estimated to be $40.08. The pharmacist noted on average 12.6 medication discrepancies during
medication reconciliation per veteran. Just less than half of the clinical recommendations made by the pharmacist were accepted by the providers. Conclusions: All veterans admitted to non-VA hospice care had at least one medication discrepancy noted by the pharmacist during
medication reconciliation. A majority of the veterans had at least one VA medication changed to non-VA since hospice was now prescribing and providing. The cost savings on average appear to outweigh the time spent on medication reconciliation by the pharmacist.
On Gaussian curvatures and singularities of Gauss maps of cuspidal edges
Authors: Teramoto Keisuke
Published: August 2021

We show a relation between sign of Gaussian curvature of a cuspidal edge and geometric invariants via singularities of Gauss maps. Moreover, we define and characterize positivity/negativity of cusps of Gauss maps by geometric invariants, and show a relation between the signs of cusps and the Gaussian curvature.
On a free boundary model for three-dimensional MEMS with a hinged top plate: Stationary case
Authors: Nik Katerina
Published: August 2021

A stationary free boundary problem modeling a three-dimensional electrostatic MEMS device is investigated. The device is made of a rigid ground plate and an elastic top plate which is hinged at its boundary, the plates being held at different voltages. The model couples a nonlocal fourth-order equation for the deformation of the top plate to a Laplace equation for the electrostatic potential in the free domain between the two plates. The strength of the coupling is tuned by a parameter

\lambda

which is proportional to the square of the applied voltage difference. Existence of a stable stationary solution is established for small values of

\lambda

. Nonexistence of stationary solutions is obtained when

\lambda

is large enough.
Data resource profile: the Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey
Authors: Lee Yeon-Kyeng , Hong Sung Ok , Park Soo-Jung , Park Mijin , Wang Kyunghae , Jo Mini , Oh Jeongah , Lee Sin Ae , Lee Hyeon Ju , Oh Jungeun , Lim Dosang , Kweon Sanghui , Kim Youngtaek
Published: August 2021

The Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey (KNHDIS), which was started in 2005, is a national probability survey of general hospitals in Korea with 100 or more beds conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). The KNHDIS captures approximately 9% of discharged cases from sampled hospitals using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling scheme, among which 13% are injury related cases, defined as S00-T98 (injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes) using International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes. The KNHDIS collects information on characteristics of injury-related discharges in order to understand the scale of injuries, identify risk factors, and provide data supporting prevention policies and intervention strategies. The types of data captured include the hospitals’ information, detailed clinical information, and injury-related codes such as the mechanism, activities undertaken when injured (sports, leisure activities, work, treatment, and education), external causes of the injury, and location of the occurrence of the injury based on the International Classification of External Causes of Injuries. Furthermore, the means of transportation, risk factors for suicide, and toxic substances are recoreded. Annual reports of the KNHDIS are publicly accessible to browse via the KDCA website (http://www.kdca.go.kr) and microdata are available free of charge upon request via email (kcdcinjury@korea.kr).
Associations between systemic inflammation and intestinal permeability with Onodera's prognostic nutritional index in critically ill patients
Authors: Ardehali Seyed Hossein , Eslamian Ghazaleh , Malek Shirin
Published: August 2021

Background: Malnutrition is a potentially costly problem in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationships between the Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index (OPNI) and intestinal permeability and between OPNI and systemic inflammation in critically ill patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the general ICU of a university-affiliated hospital. A total of 162 ICU-hospitalized adult patients admitted between May 2018 and December 2019, was included in the study sample. The OPNI was calculated at admission and categorized as ≤40 or >40. We assessed plasma endotoxin and zonulin concentrations as markers of intestinal permeability as well as serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as markers of systemic inflammation upon admission under stringent conditions. The relationships between these markers and OPNI were assessed after adjusting for potential confounders through estimation of a binary logistic regression model. Results: Median (interquartile range) hs-CRP, IL-6 zonulin, and endotoxin were significantly greater in the low OPNI subgroup than in the high OPNI subgroup (all P<0.05). Multivariate analyses showed significant association between serum IL-6 (odds ratio [OR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.96), serum hs-CRP (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.53–0.92), plasma endotoxin (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72–0.93), and plasma zonulin (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75–0.98) levels with OPNI in the overall population. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that higher plasma endotoxin, zonulin, IL-6, and hs-CRP levels are associated with progressively lower OPNI in mixed ICU populations, particularly in surgical ICU patients.
Traditional Reproductive Health and Family Planning Practices among the Dagomba
Authors: Abukari Kwame , M. Petrucka Pammla
Published: August 2021

This paper is a qualitative descriptive study of traditional reproductive health (RH) and family planning practices among Ghana's Dagomba. The purpose of the study was to examine the Dagomba traditional knowledge of RH practices and beliefs, and their relevance in the context of modern health practices. Data for this study was gathered through qualitative methods, including individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and the use of a qualitative questionnaire among 37 participants. Thematic analysis was undertaken. In examining the Dagomba traditional knowledge of RH practices, it was recognized that the concept of RH extends across the life continuum, reaching beyond the sexually active adult population. The RH practices are based on the Dagomba health beliefs and value systems regarding sexuality and the body's functioning. The Dagomba’s health philosophies and practices regarding pregnancy, delivery, breastfeeding, and sexuality have public and preventive health functions, including conflicting positions. The typical traditional RH and FP practices include abstinence, rhythm, prolonged breastfeeding, and postpartum abstinence. Conclusion: We posit that when traditional knowledge of RH is examined critically by modern health experts, it could help us understand why people from different cultures have varying interpretations and uptake of modern RH practices. Thus, we invite biomedical practitioners to be culturally sensitive and incorporate relevant knowledge of traditional RH practices into their current health education efforts.
Test fairness and assessment of differential item functioning of mathematics achievement test for senior secondary students in Cross River state, Nigeria using item response theory
Authors: Effiom Anthony Pius
Published: August 2021

This study used Item Response Theory approach to assess Differential Item Functioning (DIF) and detect item bias in Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT). The MAT was administered to 1,751 SS2 students in public secondary schools in Cross River State. Instrumentation research design was used to develop and validate a 50-item instrument. Data were analysed using the maximum likelihood estimation technique of BILOG-MG V3 software. The result of the study revealed that 6% of the total items exhibited differential item functioning between the male and female students. Based on the analysis, the study observed that there was sex bias on some of the test items in the MAT. DIF analysis attempt at eliminating irrelevant factors and sources of bias from any kind for a test to yield valid results is among the best methods of recent. As such, test developers and policymakers are recommended to take into serious consideration and exercise care in fair test practice by dedicating effort to more unbiased test development and decision making. Examination bodies should adopt the Item Response Theory in educational testing and test developers should therefore be mindful of the test items that can cause bias in response pattern between male and female students or any sub-group of consideration.

Keywords: Assessment, Differential Item Functioning, Validity, Reliability, Test Fairness, Item Bias, Item Response Theory.
Effect of Pharmacist Intervention on Quality of Life of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder in Distressed North East Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf H. , Magaji M.G. , Maiha B.B. , Ohieku J.D. , Wazis C.H. , Mohammed S.
Published: August 2021

Background: Quality of life is considered as an integral component and outcome indicator of mental illness and while pharmacist interventions have been proven to be effective in improving quality of life, no attention has been given to patients with depression in distressed North East Nigeria.Objectives: To explore the effect of pharmacist intervention on quality of life of patients with major depressive disorder.Materials and Methods: A longitudinal prospective randomized controlled trial approved by Ahmadu Bello University Ethics Committee on use of Human Subjects for Research (approval number: ABUCUHSR/2020/018) was conducted on 101 patients with major depressive disorder between April 2019 and March 2020 at a tertiary Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Consenting patients were randomized into Usual Care or Intervention groups using a computer-generated list. The intervention consisted of pharmacist-delivered educational counseling sessions of between 15-30 minutes. Data were collected at baseline, 3 months and 6 months using the World Health Organization Quality of life Bref scale.Results: After the intervention, significant improvements (p <0.001) in mean scores of participants in the intervention group were observed in all of the quality-of-life domains including; physical health [42.49 (SD=11.48) vs 72.25 (SD=15.82], psychological health [45.15 (SD=15.24) vs 85.57 (SD=12.95)], social relationship [40.47 (SD=21.24) vs 78.20 (SD=18.23)] and environment [40.94 (SD=14.09) vs 87.74 (SD=9.78)].Significant improvements (p <0.001) were also observed in the general health [38.77 (SD=27.51) vs 86.53 (SD=21.27)] and overall quality of life [52.55 (SD=19.26) vs 76.92 (SD=25.16)] in the intervention group.Conclusion: Pharmacist’s intervention significantly improved quality of life in patients with major depressive disorder in this study.
Effect of Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) of Mixed Surfactants on In-Vitro Release Profile of Ibuprofen from Semi-Synthetic Suppository Bases
Authors: Adeleke A.A. , Oladimeji F.A.
Published: August 2021

Background: The emphasis on the use of surfactants in enhancing drug release from fatty suppository bases has always been on the concentration and type of surfactants. However, the Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) of the surfactants added can be of significant effect.Objective: The study aimed at evaluating the effect of HLB of the incorporated mixed surfactants on the physical and release properties of Ibuprofen suppositories formulated with semi-synthetic fatty bases.Methodology: The preparations were carried out using 1 g mould. Ibuprofen suppositories, each containing 200 mg of Ibuprofen with semi-synthetic fatty bases (Witepsol® H15, Suppocire® CM), were prepared by fusion method. Mixed surfactants (Span® 80 and Tween® 80) were added at 4 %w/w in varied ratios to give HLB values of 4.3 to 15.0. The physical properties and release profile of the suppositories were evaluated using established procedures.Results: The physical properties of the suppositories met the standard specified in the BP. Addition of mixed surfactants greatly influenced the release of the Ibuprofen from the formulations with optimum release at lipophilic HLB (4.3) and hydrophilic HLB (12.0) for formulations in Suppocire® CM and Witepsol® H15, respectively. The release parameters majorly fitted into Higuchi’s model. The release mechanism was non-Fickian and Fickian for formulations in Suppocire® CM and Witepsol® H15, respectively.Conclusion: The variations observed in the release profiles of Ibuprofen from the suppository bases indicate that HLB value of mixed surfactants can be employed in modifying drug release from semi-synthetic fatty bases
Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Attending Ante–Natal Clinics in Ilorin Metropolis
Authors: Bello R.H. , Ibrahim Y.K.E. , Olayinka B.O. , Jimoh A.A.G. , Afolabi-Balogun N.B. , Oni-Babatunde A.O. , Olabode H.O.K. , David M.S. , Aliyu A. , Olufadi - Ahmed H.Y.
Published: August 2021

Background: The emergence of multidrug- resistance Enterobacteriaceae especially in E. coli bacteria  associated with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in pregnancy is a serious menace globally posing health challenges and confounding successful empirical treatment as well as increasing pregnancy – related  complications.Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli (ESBLs – EC) isolates in pregnant women attending ante – natal clinics within Ilorin - Kwara State, Nigeria.Materials and methods: A total of 53 non - repeated E. coli isolates from urine samples of pregnant women were presumptively identified using standard bacteriological method and confirmed by commercially available Microgen® Identification Kits. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was determined using antibiotics susceptibility test and double disc synergy Method for screening and confirmation respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was further used for the genotypic detection of ESBLs genes.Results: A total 88.67% (47/53) of E. coli exhibited resistance to the cephalosporins of which aztreonam was the highest (75.47%) and the least was cefpodoxime (35.84%) while 85.10% were confirmed positive for ESBL production. The genotypic detection showed the most occurring genotype was blaTEM (50%) blaOXA (27.7%), blaGES (22.5%), blaSHV (15%), blaCTXM and blaVEB (7.5%) while sixty – four (64%) of isolates co – harbored two or more gene. BlaTEM and blaOXA were dominant.Conclusion: This study showed high resistance of E. coli to the third generation cephalosporins harboring different ESBL genes which increases UTIs complexity and limit therapeutic options in pregnancy. Therefore, continuous monitoring of resistance in E. coli, effective appraisal of antibiotic control policies and rational use of antibiotics is therefore encouraged.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Alkaloid-rich Fraction of Landolphia owarensis
Authors: Ibekwe N.N. , Ibekwe N.N. , John-Africa L.B.
Published: August 2021

Background: Plants have several chemical compounds acclaimed to be responsible for the pharmacological actions produced when herbal products are administered to biological systems.Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the alkaloid-rich fraction of the ethanol leaf extract of Landolphia owariensis.Methods: Qualitative phytochemical analyses were carried on the crude extract using standard methods. The alkaloid-rich fraction was obtained from the crude ethanol extract, using the classical acid/base shake-up method and the obtained fraction tested positive to Dragendorf’s reagent. Oral acute toxicity was evaluated by OECD method (No 423). Anti-inflammatory effect of the fraction was evaluated using xylene-induce ear oedema and carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in mice at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids/terpenes and glycosides. Acute toxicity studies showed no adverse symptoms of toxicity during the 14-day observation period and no mortality was recorded, thus the LD50 was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. The alkaloid-rich fraction dose-dependently inhibited inflammation induced by xylene and carrageenan. In the xylene test, the fraction produced significant inhibition of 41.70 % at 400 mg/kg (p ≤ 0.05) while in the carrageenan test 55.69 % significant inhibition (p ≤ 0.001) was recorded with 400 mg/kg at 60 mins after induction of inflammation.Conclusion: This study showed the anti-inflammatory potentials of the alkaloid-rich fraction of Landophia owariensis.
Mortality of Clarias gariepinus caused by Aeromonas caviae and nitrite toxicity in a fish farm
Authors: Oladele O.O. , Ameji N.O. , Gurumyen G.Y. , Adanu W.A. , Kolade T.T. , Agbato O.A. , Lombin L.H.
Published: August 2021

In Nigeria, farming of freshwater fish, mainly that of Clarias gariepinus has gained prominence as means of improved protein supply and livelihood. Many farmers suffer untold losses in their bid to make a living from commercial fish production. Among the major causes of infectious disease outbreaks in fish farms are pathogenic bacteria of the genus Aeromonas. This is a case report of outbreak of Aeromonas caviae infection complicated by nitrite toxicity in Clarias gariepinus. Carcasses of 17 African catfish juveniles and two water samples were presented to the poultry and fish clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Jos for investigation. The fishes had been on medication (Fish cure antibiotic +®) for over 5 days with cumulative mortality of 230 out of 2,500 fishes (9.2 %). Necropsy was conducted and samples were taken for microbial analysis and histopathology while water samples were subjected to chemical analysis. Gross lesions were broken barbels, cutaneous depigmentation, branchial pallor, ascites, renal and splenic congestion. Histologically, there was dissociation of hepatic cords, necrosis of hepatocytes with vacuolation and mononuclear cellular infiltrations. Also, there was renal tubular epithelial necrosis with mononuclear and heterophilic infiltration while micro abscesses were observed in the brain. Marked Zenker’s necrosis and edema were seen in the skeletal muscles. Organism isolated from livers and kidneys was identified as Aeromonas caviae and was susceptible to enrofloxacin, furaltadone and florfenicol. Nitrite in fish pond water was 1mg/L. Bath medication with enrofloxacin at 33mg/litre of water for 6 hours treatment per day was done to reduce the mortality. The farmer was advised to change the source of water for the fish pond immediately. It is recommended that to avoid losses in fish farming, farmers should check the quality of water intended for use on fish farms and ensure early health check on fingerlings purchased for rearing.
Occurrence of multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae in cultured Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) in Kano metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Usman M.D. , Wakawa A.M. , Musa A. , Ahmad K.H. , Isiaku A.
Published: August 2021

Multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from cultured African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from ten different fish farms located in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria using conventional methods of bacterial isolation, phenotypic characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility test. This study seeks to document the occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae isolates in cultured African catfish from ten registered fish farms, determine possible resistance to some antimicrobials and the fish safety for human consumption. Isolation and identification of microorganisms were carried out based on the standard procedures and antimicrobial susceptibility to 8 commonly used antimicrobials were conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of the 400 fish liver sampled, 370 (92.5%) were positive for Enterobacteriaceae isolates, these included 277 (69.25%) E. coli, 13 (3.25%) Salmonella spp, 36 (9%) Klebsiella spp, 21 (5.25%) Proteus spp and 23 (5.75%) Enterobacter spp. The prevalence of the multi-drug resistance was 97.5% for E. coli, 100% for Salmonella spp, 100% for Klebsiella spp, 90.5% for Proteus spp and 82.6% for Enterobacter spp. This study establishes the presence of some Enterobacteriaceae and the development of multi-drug resistance by these microorganisms. More studies like molecular characterization need to be carried out to determine the resistant genes in these organisms, also to assess antimicrobial use among fish farmers and the drug residue levels in the edible tissues of cultured African catfish in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria.
On Peculiarities of the Foreign Policy of Personalist Regimes (Example of Turkmenistan)
Authors: Horák S.
Published: August 2021

The foreign policy of states is often viewed through the prism of the geopolitical, geostrategic or geoeconomic determinants. It is forgotten that in addition to these factors, foreign policy also has a strong human, or personal, factor. This factor is especially evident in authoritarian regimes of the personalist type, in which decisions, including on foreign policy issues, are made by the leader or a narrow stratum of the elite alone. In this case, the personal factor and personal interests of the leader are not limited to other regulators (institutions, elections, etc.). A foreign policy centered on the interests of the ﬁrst person in this case may diﬀer signiﬁcantly from what one would assume when analyzing state policy and the national interests of the country. Since power in Turkmenistan is in the nature of a personalist regime, the article attempts to explore, within the framework of the available (very limited) information, the foreign policy of this country from the perspective of the personal interests of the head of state and the Turkmen elite rather than those of the state. In addition to the theoretical framework of the study and a brief personal proﬁle of both presidents, the article also provides examples relating to the two main factors of interest to the leader of the nation and his elite - economic proﬁt and regime security. Comparing the regimes of the ﬁrst and second president in foreign policy also demonstrates the continuity of the political culture and system in the country. The study shows that the Turkmen regime combines all features of the theoretical conceptions of personalist foreign policy if we look at them as an interrelated complex. The personal characteristic of the president, his almost unshakable position in decision-making, as well as the interests of his entourage, including his family, play a key role in it. On the other hand, the singularity of decision-making makes it easier for those foreign players who have the necessary information about the country’s leader and know how to lead him to the decision they want without regard to other interest groups or institutions in the country.
India in the Post-Bipolar World: 30 Years of Searching the Place
Authors: Kupriyanov A. V. , Makarevich G. G.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the tools and mechanisms that Indian elites used to adapt the country’s foreign policy to the post-Cold War world order. We describe the internal political development of India over the past 30 years, noting that the general foreign and economic policies remained unchanged due to the political consensus. We analyze the desire of the Indian leadership to form a solid economic foundation, which is perceived in the framework of India’s strategic thought as a prerequisite for the country to claim the status of great power. Finally, we discuss the primary imperatives of the Indian external policy, i.e., building a sphere of inﬂuence necessary for the polycentric world. It is noted that India’s main external security challenges remain the same (China and Pakistan), although they have changed qualitatively: the PRC has become one of the superpowers, overtaking India in terms of economic development, and Pakistan acquired nuclear weapons. We conclude that, on the whole, the Indian elites managed to relatively safely lead the country through the chaos of the post-Cold War world, turning it into one of the largest economies in the world and providing the necessary conditions for raising its status in world politics.
Comparing the Mathematical Practices Pre-Service Teachers and Mathematics Teacher Educators Identified as Relevant to Problems and Tasks
Authors: Courtney Scott A. , Caniglia Joanne
Published: August 2021

In the U.S., state adopted or developed college- and career-ready mathematics standards, including the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics, not only impact districts, students, and their teachers, but also university teacher preparation programs. In order to attain and sustain Common Core’s vision of developing mathematically competent citizens, teacher preparation programs must support pre-service teachers’ development of practical conceptions of the Standards for Mathematical Practice. In this article, we examine the mathematical practices middle grades pre-service teachers (grades 4-9 licensure) and mathematics teacher educators identified as playing a role in attempts to make sense of and work toward solutions to mathematics problems. In addition, we compare the mathematical practices indicated both within and across pre-service teachers and mathematics teacher educators. Results identify pre-service teachers’ potential difficulties operationalizing six specific mathematical habits of mind. Finally, we describe how such comparisons can guide the design of future teacher education and professional learning by describing a process for identifying problems and tasks with the greatest potential to support pre-service teachers’ development of practical conceptions of mathematics or other content-specific habits of mind.
Readiness Levels of Music Teachers for Online Learning during the COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: Kibici Volkan Burak , Sarıkaya Muhsin
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many fundamental changes in all education systems. Without adequate preparation and necessary infrastructure qualifications, many educational institutions started to implement online-based distance education systems. The benefits of online learning for music education depend on certain variables that affect the quality of online learning. One of these variables is readiness for online learning. In this context, on the basis of the causal-comparative model, the readiness of music teachers for online learning was examined by comparing them according to the variables of gender, professional seniority and type of school. The research was conducted on 203 teachers at secondary and high schools in Konya, Aksaray and Karaman using The “Readiness for Online Learning” Scale as a data collection tool. As a result of the analysis of the research data, significant differences were found in the levels of music teachers' readiness for online learning according to the variables of gender, professional seniority and the school they work at. According to participant opinions, the level of readiness for online learning of male music teachers, participants with low professional seniority and working in private schools was found to be significantly higher.
Análise ética frente à omissão estatal no caso de Úrsula Bahillo
Authors: Souza Giovanna Assen Sampaio de , Orihuela Juliana Fabrícia Correia , Mendes Melissa Eduarda Moreira , Verbicaro Soares Douglas
Published: August 2021

O ano de 2021 iniciou, para as mulheres argentinas, como mais um motivo de resistência feminina. Úrsula Bahillo era o nome da jovem argentina de 18 anos, que dentre tantas outras, foi vítima de violência por seu ex-companheiro após denunciá-lo diversas vezes. Através de investigação em artigos, noticiários e pesquisa de dados o presente estudo depreende a deturpação do conceito da ética e a negligência do Estado Argentino como grandes fatores para o assassinato de Ursula. O estudo conlui pela existência de práticas discriminatória de gênero no país argentino e a necessidade de discussão social sobre ações de proteção ás vítimas dessa violência.
Emergência da identidade profissional de professores que ensinam Matemática em conversas numa comunidade virtual de prática
Authors: Silva Daniela Mendes Viera da , Esquincalha Agnaldo da Conceição
Published: August 2021

Este artigo investiga temáticas emergentes sobre a identidade profissional (IP) de professores que ensinam Matemática, a partir de sua participação em uma comunidade virtual de prática (CVP) sediada em um grupo de WhatsApp. Para a produção dos dados foram utilizadas conversas sobre sua formação e a atuação, além dos impactos de sua participação no grupo. Os dados foram analisados tendo a análise de conteúdo como inspiração. Observou-se que três características da IP emergiram nas conversas: a vulnerabilidade, o sentido de agência e o compromisso político. A vulnerabilidade e o sentido de agência se mostraram responsáveis por levar os professores a uma busca por aprendizado permanente sobre a docência. O compromisso político emergiu das narrativas envolvendo sua atuação, já que a busca pela sua melhoria é também entendida como compromisso político com a comunidade. A participação na CVP se mostrou catalisadora da constituição da IP destes professores em uma perspectiva coletiva.
Inspiração nos anos de chumbo Bastidores das reportagens vencedoras do Prêmio Esso durante a ditadura militar
Authors: De Sousa Vivaldo Reinalto
Published: August 2021

Apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas pelo jornalismo durante o período do regime militar – de 1964 a 1985 - devido à censura, repórteres e editores continuaram a produzir boas matérias. Reportagens que mostram um país ainda com grande concentração de renda; o seqüestro no Brasil de opositores da ditadura militar instalada no Uruguai; como viviam os superfuncionários públicos ou como militares organizaram atentados para evitar a reabertura política do país. Este trabalho pretende discutir os bastidores de matérias que ajudaram a construir a história do Brasil em uma época marcada pela repressão. Em meio às mudanças no cenário brasileiro, o Prêmio Esso de Jornalismo completava nove anos em 1964. Criado pela empresa Esso Brasileira de Petróleo, com o aval da Associação Brasileira de Imprensa, o Prêmio tinha a intenção de reconhecer e valorizar os profissionais da Imprensa brasileira. Quando surgiu, a premiação causou certa estranheza entre os jornalistas, mas depois logo se tornou reconhecida entre os profissionais da área. Desde o começo, o Esso procurou fugir dos gêneros de reportagens considerados sucesso na década de 50, que eram aqueles relacionados ao sensacionalismo e à promoção pessoal. Os organizadores pretendiam reconhecer os trabalhos ligados ao interesse público. Na presente pesquisa, a abordagem teórico-metodológica usada foi a análise de conteúdo. Para isso, foram feitas entrevistas individuais e semi-abertas, realizadas entre setembro de 2006 e julho de 2007, com doze jornalistas ganhadores do Prêmio Esso de Jornalismo durante o regime militar. As entrevistas realizadas para este trabalho revelam as dificuldades encontradas, bem como as técnicas de apuração e a influência do Esso na vida dos jornalistas. Algumas das informações também foram recuperadas a partir de depoimentos já publicados dos autores das reportagens.
Invasive cutaneous cryptococcosis of the nasal planum in a cat – case report
Authors: Balda Ana Cláudia , Gonçalves Juliana Cristina , Menezes Renata Cristina , Fascetti de Souza Ana Cristina , Durante Cruz Guilherme
Published: August 2021

Crytococcosis is the most common deep mycosis in cats, despite its rarity in the medical practice of small animals. The infectious agent of the disease is Cryptococcus sp, an opportunistic fungus that can spread throughout the body. An approximately two-year-old mixed breed cat, weighting 3 kg was presented to a private practice in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Physical examination relealed pyogranulomatous skin lesions, mainly on the nasal planum and the second digit of the left thoracic lim. The animal presented no neurological or respiratory signs. The response to antifulgal on cutaneous lesions was favorable, but the animal did not resist a second sedation and died within twenty-eight days after starting treatment. This report shows an atypical case of cryptococcosis due to the lack of immunodeficiency.
On the Formation of Technogenic Changes in the Geological Environment in the Deposits of the Almalyk Mining Region
Authors: Kidirbaevich Akhmedov Mukhammadzhakhongir , Pulatovich Isomatov Yusuf
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the issues of the emergence of a new stressed state of rocks during the development of deposits and the formation of several deformations of the sides of the quarries. It is noted that among which gravitational slope deformations in the form of landslides, talus and mudslides are of decisive importance. All these types of deformation are observed in the Sary-Cheku, Kalmakyr, Kurgashinkan and others deposits. As a result of the analysis of the deformation of the quarry walls, the main conclusions were made, which can serve as a basis for the study and forecasting of landslide and other types of deformations. The issues of the technogenic (anthropogenic) impact of industrial enterprises and quarries of the Almalyk region on the environment are also considered. As a result of the infiltration of polluted waters of quarries, dumps, slag ponds and tailing dumps of factories, there is a penetration of polluting components into underground groundwater. Under the influence of the infiltration flow, the chemical composition of soils changes, and several polluting chemical compounds accumulate on their solid particles. Surface wastewater associated with the washing out of sludge and slag from industrial waste storage facilities is also susceptible to pollution.
Ex-situ Conservation of Endospermum malaccense (Sesendok): Tree Selection, Wilding Handling and Seed Germination
Authors: Taharin Khairul Azwa , Abdullah Mohd Zaki , Hashim Siti Salwana , Shariff Ahmad Fauzi Mohd , Md  Ariff Farah Fazwa
Published: August 2021

Endospermum malaccense or locally known as Sesendok is one of the timber species belong to the family of Euphorbiaceae. It has a good characteristic in term of growth performance and wood properties similar with rubberwood. From the previous research, it has the potential to be a timber replacement to the rubberwood since the resource of rubberwood is decreasing. Therefore, the conservation of the superior genotype of Sesendok is necessary to take place in order to preserve the gene source of superior genotype. The process to conduct the ex-situ conservation must follow the scientific procedure to ensure the material taken can survive in the new environment. The selection of the Sesendok was conducted at three different populations. The selection of superior mother trees was based on the phenotypic and also wood properties. The establishment of ex-situ conservation (germplasm) for Sesendok will ensure the gene bank material resources keep well conserve. The result of survival rate for the wilding varies from 5% to 30% based on the height and size of the wilding. While for the seeds collected, germination rate varies from 80-95%. Ex-situ conservation and planting of Sesendok in large scale would be the answer to preserve the selected genotype for future breeding program and ensure sustainable supply of raw material to the industries.