bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional‐Specific Decellularized Meniscus Extracellular Matrix Elastic Nanofiber Aerogels Regulate Meniscal Regeneration and Vascularization
Authors: Huang Moran , Ding Yangfan , Dong Jize , Li Guoqi , Fu Guojian , Pang Jinhui , Sun Yaying , Zhang Shanxing , Wu Jinglei , Chen Jiwu
Published: February 2025

The meniscus is a heterogeneous structure with spatial distribution of cells and vessels. Promoting meniscus healing remains challenging, especially in its avascular inner region. The ideal repair mode shall promote meniscus repair while maintaining local avascularity to prevent pathological changes from vascular invasion. Given the natural biochemical components of native meniscus, decellularized meniscus extracellular matrix (dmECM) shows promise for meniscus repair. Compared to homogeneous dmECM, regional‐specific dmECM (RS‐dmECM) appears to offer greater potential for constructing heterogeneous meniscus structures. Furthermore, there is currently no study on the effects of RS‐dmECM on vascularization. Thus, RS‐dmECM is prepared and found dmECM‐Outer induced stem cells fibrochondrogenic differentiation, while dmECM‐Inner induced the chondrogenic differentiation and inhibited angiogenesis through suppressing the peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptors signaling pathway. Subsequently, regional‐specific poly(lactic acid)/gelatin/dmECM elastic 3D nanofiber aerogels (PG‐dmECM) are fabricated to repair meniscal avascular area defects in a rabbit model. The PG‐Outer promotes meniscal fibrocartilage regeneration without a significant effect on vascular invasion. In contrast, the PG‐Inner achieves meniscal cartilage regeneration and inhibits vascular invasion. Moreover, the compressive stress can reach 117 kPa, comparable to that of the avascular area. This PG‐Inner may have the potential to promote meniscal cartilage regeneration and prevent pathological changes within the avascular area.
Nonlocal Conduction in a Metawire
Authors: Iglesias Martínez Julio Andrés , Chen Yi , Wang Ke , Wegener Martin
Published: February 2025

Ohm's law of electric conduction is local in the sense that the current density at one position only depends on the electric field at that same position. For a nonlocal medium, the current density at one position depends on the electric field at other positions within the medium as well. As a result of Ohm's law, doubling the length of a wire doubles its resistance. Here, electrically conducting nonlocal architectures are discussed theoretically and experimentally for which changing the length of the metawire rather leads to a complex oscillatory behavior versus wire length. This oscillatory behavior is connected to local currents inside of the metawire flowing in the opposite direction than the externally applied field. The theoretical and experimental results for electric conduction can directly be transferred to thermal conduction or particle diffusion and may enable remote sensing applications.
Arylamine‐Linked Porous Organic Polymers with Abundant Redox‐Active Sites as High‐Capacity and High‐Rate Organic Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bai Qiaoshuang , Huang Junlong , Tang Kehan , Zhu Youlong , Wu Dingcai
Published: February 2025

Redox‐active porous organic polymers (POPs) have emerged as promising and sustainable organic cathode materials (OCMs) for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, their performance is significantly limited by insufficient redox‐active sites and low intrinsic conductivity. Herein, a series of novel arylamine‐linked and bipolar POPs (denoted as HATN‐AQ, HATN‐BQ, HATN‐CBD, and HATN‐PTO) are designed and prepared as OCMs for LIBs. Benefiting from their high density of redox‐active sites, bipolar feature, and arylamine linkage, these POPs exhibited high capacity, high rate, and excellent long‐term cycling stability. Among them, HATN‐PTO displayed an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 329.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 with a high energy density of 716.7 Wh kg−1, outstanding rate performance (208.7 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1), and superior cycling stability (188.9 mAh g−1 capacity retained after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1). Furthermore, the HATN‐PTO//graphite full battery exhibited a high specific capacity of 227.3 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and maintained a high capacity of 99.1 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. Ex situ FT‐IR and XPS spectra combined with theoretical calculations are employed to elucidate the dual‐ion storage mechanism. This work provides an effective strategy for designing POPs with high‐capacity and high‐rate for OCMs.
Industrial‐current Ammonia Synthesis by Polarized Cuprous Cyanamide Coupled to Valorization of Glycerol at 4,000 mA cm−2
Authors: Wang Jiacheng (Jayden) , Bui Huong T. D. , Hu Huashuai , Kong Shuyi , Wang Xunlu , Zhu Hongbo , Ma Junqing , Xu Jintao , Liu Yihong , Liu Lijia , Chen Wei , Bi Hui , Yang Minghui , Huang Fuqiang , Brinck Tore , Wang Jiacheng
Published: February 2025

The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (NO3RR) holds significance in both NH3 synthesis and nitrate contamination remediation. However, achieving industrial‐scale current and high stability in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer remains challenging due to inherent high full‐cell voltage for sluggish NO3RR and water oxidation. Here, Cu2NCN with positive surface electrostatic potential VS(r) is applied as highly efficient NO3RR electrocatalysts to achieve industrial‐current and low‐voltage stable NH3 production in MEA electrolyzer with coupled anodic glycerol oxidation. This paired electro‐refinery (PER) system reaches 4000 mA cm−2 at 2.52 V and remains stable at industrial‐level 1000 mA cm−2 for 100 h with the NH3 production rate of 97000 µgNH3 h−1 cm−2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 83%. Theoretical calculations elucidate that the asymmetric and electron‐withdrawing [N−C≡N] units enhance polarization and VS(r), promoting robust and asymmetric adsorption of NO3* on Cu2NCN to facilitate O−N bond dissociation. A comprehensive techno‐economic analysis demonstrates the profitability and commercial viability of this coupled system. Our work opens a new avenue and marks a significant advancement in MEA systems for industrial NH3 synthesis.
Toward Intrinsically Stretchable OLEDs with High Efficiency
Authors: Zhou Huanyu , Kim Hyun‐Wook , Jeong Woo Jin , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: February 2025

Wearable electronics require stretchable displays that can withstand large and repeated mechanical deformation without failure. Intrinsically stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (ISOLEDs) that operate under DC voltage provide promising candidates for wearable display applications. However, the lack of sophisticated stretchable materials and processing techniques suitable for ISOLEDs results in a significant deficit in the efficiency of state‐of‐the‐art ISOLEDs compared to industrial standards. The design of stretchable conducting and semiconducting materials poses a significant challenge because of trade‐off relationships between stretchability and properties such as conductivity and charge carrier mobility. To increase the efficiency of ISOLEDs to meet industrial standards, strategies to overcome these trade‐offs must be developed. This perspective discusses recent progress and challenges in designing stretchable electrodes, light‐emitting materials, transport materials, and potential applications of ISOLEDs. It provides a useful guide in this field to develop efficient ISOLEDs for system‐level integration.
Applications of Nanomaterial‐Microorganism Hybrid Systems in the Treatment of Tumor
Authors: Khan Muskan Saif , Baig Mirza Albash , Tian Meng , Li Bowen , Feng Guoqing , Yang Run , Bai Yang , Zheng Bin
Published: February 2025

Recent advances in cancer treatments such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have brought hope for curing a variety of cancers. However, there are ongoing challenges such as poor targeting, biocompatibility and biosafety. Engineered bacteria can cope with these problems, providing a unique therapeutic approach for the treatment of tumors. Nanotechnology offers the potential to modify the surface of bacteria, and the use of biofilm and coating technology to physically encapsulate bacteria can help bacteria escape the host immune system and improve the efficiency and safety of drug delivery. Synthetic biology and genetic engineering technologies can treat bacteria as “robotic factories” to produce and deliver anti‐cancer drugs, including anti‐tumor cytokines, immunomodulators, prodrug enzymes, and so on, according to clinical needs. Engineered bacteria therapies can be used either as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer therapies to achieve better clinical outcomes. In this review, it introduce and summarize the processing and modification methods of engineered bacteria for cancer targeted therapy, and summarize and analyze the current clinical trials of engineered bacteria for cancer targeted therapy.
Broadband Acoustic Purcell Effect from Collective Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Huang Sibo , Xie Shuhuan , Liu Tuo , Hao Tong , Tsai Din Ping , Li Yong , Zhu Jie
Published: February 2025

The Purcell effect significantly improves the performance of various emission devices but is typically constrained by a narrow operational bandwidth due to inherent resonant mechanisms. This study achieves broadband acoustic Purcell effect, substantially boosting sound emission by exploring collective quasibound states in the continuum (QBICs). A six‐cavity coupled system supporting five QBICs is introduced, wherein all of the QBICs interact strongly with an acoustic source. This system takes advantage of the high quality factors and the strong mode responses of the collective QBICs, leading to a substantial enhancement of the local density of states. Consequently, a considerable increase in sound emission is realized across the frequency range of 625–900 Hz. These findings provide insights into the physical mechanisms driving the broadband Purcell effect in resonant systems and open up promising avenues for the development of advanced acoustic emission devices.
Sequential Structural Evolution Triggered by O─O Dimerization in Oxygen‐Redox Reactions
Authors: Shi Xiang‐Mei , Kawai Kosuke , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo
Published: February 2025

The participation of oxygen in electrochemical reactions increases the capacity of lithium‐ion battery positive electrodes beyond conventional cationic‐redox limits. However, structural degradation due to oxidized oxide ions significantly reduces the discharge voltage compared with that in the first charge, mostly with a capacity loss. In this study, it is shown that O─O dimerization triggers transition‐metal migration in an oxygen‐redox positive electrode upon charging. First‐principles calculations are performed to reveal the thermodynamic and kinetic energy landscapes of the full structural evolution of a typical lithium‐rich oxide, i.e., Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2. The oxygen oxidation process can be divided into three sequential steps: i) generation of persistent oxidized oxide ion O−; ii) peroxide formation; and iii) transition‐metal migration. The elusive use of O2−/O− while blocking O─O dimerization is the key to avoiding structural degradation due to transition‐metal migration and realizing energy‐efficient oxygen‐redox reactions.
Spongy Silicon‐Doped MoS2 via Long‐Chain Molecule Induction and Mesopore Confinement for Ultra‐Stable Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Pei Kewei , Huang Senchuan , Cao Yangfei , Zhong Jianwei , Li Meng , Long Hao , Chen Hao , Li Dong‐Sheng , Zhang Shanqing
Published: February 2025

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (LTMDs), such as MoS2, are promising anode materials for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high specific capacities. However, their practical applications are hindered by poor cycling stability resulting from the instable structure during charge/discharge and inherently low electronic conductivity. To tackle these issues, herein, this study presents the design and synthesis of spongy silicon‐doped MoS2 induced by the long‐chain molecules in mesopores. The material consists of few‐layered nanofragments with high porosity, resulting in abundant edge sites and sulfur vacancies. These structural features can promote Li+ transport and accommodate electrode volume changes during charge/discharge. Electrochemical and theoretical analyses reveal that silicon doping enhances the electronic conductivity of MoS2, while the nanostructure design enables reversible Li⁺ diffusion along the edges, distinct from Li+ storage in the interlayers of conventional MoS2 anodes. Notably, the material delivers a high reversible capacity of 767.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and exhibits remarkable rate capability. Moreover, it demonstrates superior cycling stability with over 83% capacity retention even after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1, outperforming most existing MoS2‐based anode materials. This work paves a new way for designing high‐performance LTMD‐based anodes for LIBs and beyond.
Distinct Alterations of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cluster Headache: A Case Control Study
Authors: Lund Nunu Laura Timotheussen , Westgate Connar Stanley James , Søborg Marie‐Louise Kulas , Snoer Agneta Henriette , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Hansen Thomas Folkman , Petersen Anja Sofie
Published: February 2025

Objective

Investigate the immune system's role in cluster headache by analyzing cytokines in people with cluster headache and headache‐free controls, and explore if certain cytokines could predict a specific phenotype.

Methods

We measured 45 cytokines in adult participants from the Danish Cluster Headache Biobank in a prospective case–control setup. People with cluster headache were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders third‐edition. Controls were matched for age and sex.

Results

A total of 412 were analyzed deriving from 99 with chronic cluster headache, 108 with episodic cluster headache (ECH) in bout, 105 with ECH in remission, and 100 successfully matched controls. Compared with controls, 13 cytokines were altered for ECH in bout (p < 0.05), 3 in remission (p < 0.05), and 10 for chronic cluster headache (p < 0.05). Oncostatin m was significantly elevated in all 3 disease states compared with controls (p < 0.05). Overall, the investigated cytokines showed distinct patterns of alterations between chronic cluster headache and episodic cluster headache in bout and, interestingly, IL‐1β was significantly associated with having chronic cluster headache rather than episodic in bout in a logistic regression model adjusting for potential confounders (p < 0.05).

Interpretation

Findings show that the immune system is altered in all 3 states of cluster headache compared with controls. Oncostatin m was elevated, constituting a promising target for future studies. The distinct alterations between episodic and chronic cluster headache are striking and urges further research of the immune system in cluster headache to better understand its potential role in prediction of disease activity and treatment response. ANN NEUROL 2025
Fluoxetine Treatment in Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures Due to KCNT1 Variants: An Open Label Study
Authors: Trivisano Marina , Mosca Ilaria , Salimbene Licia , De Dominicis Angela , Ambrosino Paolo , Puzo Deborah , Servettini Ilenio , Correale Cinzia , Falamesca Chiara , Filosomi Cristina , Goffredo Bianca , Soldovieri Maria Virginia , Taglialatela Maurizio , Specchio Nicola
Published: February 2025

Objective

Gain‐of‐function (GoF) variants in KCNT1 encoding for potassium channels are associated with different epilepsy phenotypes, including epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS), other early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and focal epilepsy. Fluoxetine blocks currents from both wild‐type (WT) and mutant KCNT1 channels with GoF in vitro features. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with fluoxetine might improve clinical outcome in patients with EIMFS carrying GoF variants in KCNT1 channels showing in vitro sensitivity to fluoxetine blockade.

Methods

We enrolled three pediatric patients carring de novo KCNT1 genetic variants linked to EIMFS. Functional and pharmacological studies to assess fluoxetine's ability to counteract in vitro variant‐induced functional effects were performed with patch‐clamp electrophysiology on heterologous channel expression in mammalian Chinese hamster ovary cells. Neuropsychological assessment, electroencephalogram and seizure diary were evaluated at baseline and every 3 months during the study. Electrocardiography and blood levels of medications were monitored for safety.

Results

All 3 KCNT1 variants displayed GoF effects in vitro. Exposure to fluoxetine (10μM) blocked both WT and mutant KCNT1 channels, therefore, counteracting variant‐induced functional effects. Treatment with fluoxetine caused a variable reduction of seizure frequency (25–75%). Improvement in visual attention, participation, and muscle tone was also reported. No adverse events were reported except for transient dyskinesia in 1 patient, which was probably related to an increase in fluoxetine plasma level.

Interpretation

Fluoxetine may be a potential targeted medication in EIMFS caused by KCNT1 GoF variants. Further research is needed to assess its long‐term efficacy and safety. ANN NEUROL 2025
Bridging the Oxo Wall: A New Perspective on High‐valent Metal‐Oxo Species and Their Reactivity in Mn, Fe, and Co Complexes
Authors: Sen Asmita , Sharma Sunita , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: February 2025

The theory of “oxo‐wall” is a well‐established concept in the area of bioinorganic chemistry which refers to the instability of the terminal metal‐oxo complexes in +4 oxidation state with tetragonal C4v symmetry beyond group 8 elements. Despite extensive research on first‐row terminal metal‐oxo complexes and the "oxo wall" concept, studies correlating the reactivity of these species across the periodic table remain scarce. In this work, using a combination of DFT and ab initio CASSCF calculations, we have explored the structure, bonding and reactivity of [MIV/V(15‐TMC)(O)(CH3CN)]m+ (M= Mn, Fe and Co) species. Our study reveals several surprising outcomes: (i) while existing literature typically indicates the presence of either CoIV=O or CoIII–O• species beyond the wall, we propose a quantum mechanical mixture of these two species, with the dominance of one dictated by ligand design and symmetry considerations; (ii) we observe that the oxyl radical character increases beyond the wall, correlating with larger Ntrans‐M‐O tilt angles; and (iii) we identify an inverse relationship between the percentage of M–O• radical character and the kinetic barriers for C‐H bond activation. These findings challenge traditional perspectives on the roles of oxidation states, spin states and the nature of the metal ion in reactivity.
Interfacial Asymmetrically Coordinated Zn−MOF for High‐Efficiency Electrosynthetic Oxime
Authors: Kang Jiawei , Liao Peisen , Xiang Runan , Liao Wenpei , Yang Chenyu , Wang Shihan , Liu Qinghua , Li Guangqin
Published: February 2025

Oximes are important intermediates for various chemicals synthesis such as pharmaceuticals, among which one vital precursor for producing neurological disease, antimicrobial and anticancer agents is piperidone oxime (PDO). Compared with conventional thermocatalytic method, it's more attractive to synthesize PDO via green electrocatalytic technology especially utilizing waste nitrogen oxides gas as nitrogen source. However, there are great challenges in catalyst design for high‐efficiency electrosynthetic oxime due to the low electron transport rate and multiple competing reactions. Herein, we propose an interfacial coordination strategy based on metal–organic frameworks (MOF) electrocatalyst for the first time to promote oxime electrosynthesis, by building Zn−O bridges between graphite felt (GF) and zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐7/CGF). Specially, ZIF‐7/CGF delivers a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 75.9 % with yield up to 73.1 % for 1‐methyl‐4‐piperidone oxime, which is far superior to the catalyst without Zn−O bridges (a FE of 10.7 % and yield of 10.3 %). In‐depth mechanism study shows that the introducing Zn−O bridges can promote the electron transfer and induce Zn sites transforming into distorted tetrahedron (Zn‐N3O) coordination mode, which benefits for intermediates adsorption and conversion. The developed strategy presents wide universalities towards various oximes electrosynthesis and adapts to other MOF materials (ZIF‐8, ZIF‐4). This work provides new insights for electrosynthetic organic chemicals and upgrading nitrogen cycle through rational design surficial coordinated electrocatalysts.
Overcoming Boundaries: Towards the Ambient Aqueous Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Åhlén Michelle , Kong Xueying , Zhao Wei , Zamora Félix , Xu Chao
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has traditionally been carried out under strict solvothermal and anaerobic conditions. The utilization of organic solvents in such reactions not only carries significant costs but also imposes a great burden on the environment. The fabrication of COFs using alternative synthetic pathways has, therefore, seen rapid development in recent years and much attention has been placed on green and sustainable methods in particular. The synthesis of COFs in purely aqueous media, however, remains challenging due to the delicate nature of the chemical reactions and the crystallization process in water. This mini‐review discusses different synthetic strategies for the construction of crystalline COFs in aqueous media and offers a perspective on the future development of facile COF synthesis in ambient conditions.
Evolutionary Origins and Adaptive Significance of A‐to‐I RNA Editing in Animals and Fungi
Authors: Du Yanfei , Wang Chenhui , Zhang Yu , Liu Huiquan
Published: February 2025

Adenosine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) RNA editing, capable of protein recoding, has evolved independently in animals and fungi. This study proposes adaptive hypotheses regarding its origins and phenotypic significance, suggesting that A‐to‐I editing enhances adaptability by alleviating genetic trade‐offs. In metazoans, its emergence may have been driven by a development‐defense trade‐off associated with transposable element activation during the evolution of multicellularity. Late Devonian cooling and End‐Permian warming are hypothesized to have driven the emergence of extensive A‐to‐I recoding in coleoid nervous systems and Sordariomycete sexual fruiting bodies, respectively. These adaptations may have influenced key evolutionary innovations, including the evolution of metazoan nervous systems, coleoid intelligence, and shell loss, and fungal sexual reproductive structures. Additionally, extensive A‐to‐I recoding is proposed to facilitate accelerated development and specific life‐history strategies in both animals and fungi. This paper provides new perspectives on the evolutionary forces shaping A‐to‐I RNA editing and its role in phenotypic diversity across taxa.
Fostering Love for Innovative Sustainable Brands: A Multi‐Study, Multi‐Method Approach
Authors: Fazal‐e‐Hasan Syed Muhammad , Adil Mohd , Ahmadi Hormoz , Abid Muhammad , Sadiq Mohd , Mortimer Gary , Amrollahi Alireza
Published: February 2025

While much research has examined cognitive evaluations of sustainable brands in offline contexts, there is limited exploration of consumers' emotional responses to such brands online. This study introduces a model of brand love for innovative, sustainable brands, based on two rigorously designed studies: experiments and a survey with configurational analysis. Our findings reveal significant causal effects of perceived brand innovativeness and brand knowledge on brand love and consumers' repurchase intentions. Additionally, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) identifies two distinct consumer categories—rational and impulsive—based on their repurchase behavior of sustainable brands. For business owners and sustainability advocates, fostering brand love is crucial for engaging consumers online. By integrating emotional appeal with a commitment to sustainability, brands can enhance consumer engagement, encourage repeat purchases, and contribute to a more sustainable online shopping environment.
Headspace Volatiles, Macro‐ and Microelements of the Root and Leaf of the Hylotelephium H. Ohba Species, Hybrids and Cultivars as Variables for Their Differentiation
Authors: Jevtović Snežana , Tošić Snežana B. , Mrmošanin Jelena M. , Mitić Zorica S. , Đukić Miloš G. , Stojanović Gordana S.
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to analyse the chemical profiles of Hylotelephium species, hybrids, and cultivars in terms of headspace (HS) volatiles (by GC‐MS/FID) and elemental composition (macro‐/microelements) of roots and leaves (by ICP‐OES). Contrary to the root HS fraction, the HS fraction of the leaf did not contain any volatiles. Generally, oxygenated monoterpenes are a dominant class of root HS volatiles, with monoterpenic alcohol myrtenol as a major compound followed by 1‐octen‐3‐ol. Regarding the content of macroelements, the analyzed samples mostly contained the highest content of Ca or K and the smallest content of Na. Among microelements, Fe, Mn, and Zn were the most abundant in the root. Interestingly, the highest content of most microelements was detected in the studied species. Regarding the translocation factors (TF) for toxic elements, hybrids and cultivars proved better for accumulating heavy metals than species. Overall, both chemical profiles were statistically processed using multivariate analysis (AHC and PCA) to observe the tendency of grouping based on the chemical composition. According to the HS volatile pattern, a hybrid H. ‘Matrona’ and studied species were most separated, while  macro‐ and microelements made the species root stand out most. H. ‘Matrona’ showed the greatest potential for the translocation.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Low‐Dose Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed , Shalabi Laila , Zreigh Sofian , Ramadan Shrouk , Mourad Sohaila , Eljadid Ghaith , Beshr Mohammed , Abdelaziz Ali , Elhadi Muhammed , Sabouret Pierre , Mamas Mamas
Published: February 2025

Background

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is an alternative to chronic oral anticoagulation (OAT) for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with contraindications to OAT. Postprocedure antithrombotic therapy (ATT) is essential to reduce the risk of device‐related thrombosis (DRT), but the optimal regimen remains uncertain.

Aims

This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of low‐dose direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following LAAO.

Methods

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science was conducted in August 2024. Studies comparing low‐dose DOACs and DAPT post‐LAAO were included. The primary outcomes were a composite efficacy endpoint (DRT, strokes, and systemic embolism [SE]) and major bleeding events as the safety endpoint. Secondary outcomes included all bleeding events, all‐cause mortality, and a composite of efficacy and safety endpoints.

Results

Four studies with 727 patients were included. Low‐dose DOACs were associated with lower rates of the primary composite efficacy endpoint compared to DAPT (OR = 0.36; 95% CI [0.16, 0.85], p = 0.01). No significant difference in major bleeding events was observed (OR = 0.36; 95% CI [0.11, 1.18]; p = 0.091; I² = 0%). Compared to DAPT, low‐dose DOACs were also associated with lower rates of DRT events (OR = 0.36; 95% CI [0.16, 0.79], p = 0.011).

Conclusion

Low‐dose DOACs effectively reduce thromboembolic events post‐LAAO without increasing bleeding risk. These findings support their use as a viable ATT option, but larger trials are needed to confirm optimal regimens.
Protocolised Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock in Australia—Initial Experience From a Hub‐and‐Spoke Model
Authors: Backhouse Brendan , Dade Fabien , Bloom Jason E. , Xiao Xiaoman , Haji Kawa , Yang Yang , French Craig , Stub Dion , Nanjayya Vinodh , Lo Sidney , Chiang Michael , Basir Mir B. , O'Neill William , Noaman Samer , Al‐Mukhtar Omar , Kaye David , Cox Nicholas , Chan William
Published: February 2025

Background

Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMICS) confers short‐term mortality of 40%–50%. Protocolised network management of AMICS patients as part of a hub‐and‐spoke model supported by upstream mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is gaining traction globally to treat AMICS.

Method

We conducted a prospective multicenter study in Melbourne, Australia describing our 5‐year experience utilizing a protocolised hub‐and‐spoke model of care for patients with AMICS supported by planned upstream use of Impella CP (Abiomed, Danvers, MA).

Results

From December 2019 to August 2024, 31 patients were treated for AMICS with Impella MCS support. Median age was 60 years and 87% were males. ST‐elevation myocardial infarction accounted for 84% of presentations, and 29% were complicated by cardiac arrest. The majority of patients treated were in SCAI‐CSWG stage D (52%), and stage C (26%) shock. Upstream Impella prior to PCI occurred in 84% of patients. The 30‐day survival rate was 74%. An adverse event occurred in 39% of patients. Device‐related complications were due to hemolysis (32%) and arrhythmia (3%). Escalation of MCS support was required in five patients (16%). Multivariate analysis identified patients requiring transfer to the hub center prior to revascularisation as an independent predictor of mortality (OR 13.2 [1.34–129.3] p = 0.027).

Conclusion

In this first protocolised hub‐and‐spoke model of care for AMICS supported by planned upstream use of Impella in Australia, 30‐day survival was high compared to published historical rates. Patient and device‐related complication rates were low. Expansion of the hub‐and‐spoke model for the treatment of AMICS appears warranted.
ECL‐Based Readout of Electric Field‐Induced Fine‐Tuning of Redox Activity
Authors: Zhou Changlin , Arias‐Aranda Leslie R. , Salinas Gerardo , Bouffier Laurent , Wang Zonghua , Kuhn Alexander , Sojic Neso
Published: February 2025

Magnesium, a highly reactive alkaline earth metal, acts spontaneously as a strong reducing agent. In this work, the redox reactivity of Mg is fine‐tuned selectively in a wireless manner by means of bipolar electrochemistry (BE). This is demonstrated by mapping the spatial electroactivity of Mg via the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission of the Ru(bpy)32+/S2O82− system. Asymmetric ECL patterns are obtained by controlling the applied external electric field. The ECL intensity is increased by up to approximately 80 % at the cathodic extremity whereas a 50 % decrease is observed at the anodic side of a bipolar electrode. Additionally, the influence of the spatial distribution of the electric field on the reactivity of Mg and its concomitant ECL emission is evaluated, producing complex luminescent patterns. These findings, illustrate the wireless modulation of redox reactivity by BE.
CO Generation from CO2 Using an Atmospheric Microwave Plasma Process
Authors: Bresser Marc , Wiegers Katharina , Schulz Andreas , Walker Matthias , Tovar Günter E. M.
Published: February 2025

With rising CO₂ levels and climate change, finding alternatives to fossil fuels is essential. One attractive option is converting CO₂ into CO and O₂ via an atmospheric microwave plasma process. This study evaluates conversion and energy efficiency by increasing microwave power and CO₂ flow. Power and CO₂ flow were varied, with conversion measured using Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and gas analysis. A maximum conversion of 21.1 % was achieved at a specific energy input of 1.1 eV molecule−1, highlighting the potential of this approach for efficient CO₂ utilization.
Stirrerless Mixing of Liquids in Large Containers and Vessels
Authors: Weber Manfred , Thomé Andreas G. , Hapke Mark , Meier zu Greffen Aike
Published: February 2025

Jet mixing or gravity‐driven mixing by rising gas bubbles can be applied for homogenization of liquids in tanks (→ concentration or temperature) or for shortstopping of reactions (injecting an inhibitor or a cooling/diluting liquid). Whereas the mixing efficiency of gas bubbles in large bubble column reactors at superficial gas velocities above 2 cm s−1 is well‐known, less information is available for significantly lower gas flow rates below 1 mm s−1 (→ bubble plumes). This can be applied to enhance heat transfer for cooling down a stagnant liquid in a reactor after a shutdown. These mixing processes are reviewed and demonstrated by large‐scale field tests. The application of the axial dispersion model to evaluate mixing times is discussed.
A Phenotyping Tool for Seven Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Two Transporters: Application to Examine the Effects of Clopidogrel and Gemfibrozil
Authors: Aurinsalo Laura , Lapatto‐Reiniluoto Outi , Kurkela Mika , Neuvonen Mikko , Kiiski Johanna I. , Niemi Mikko , Tornio Aleksi , Backman Janne T.
Published: February 2025

Clinical cocktails for cytochrome P450 (CYP) phenotyping lack a marker for CYP2C8. We aimed to combine the CYP2C8 index drug repaglinide with the Geneva cocktail (caffeine/CYP1A2, bupropion/CYP2B6, flurbiprofen/CYP2C9, omeprazole/CYP2C19, dextromethorphan/CYP2D6, and midazolam/CYP3A4). We also included endogenous organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and 1B3 biomarkers glycochenodeoxycholate 3‐O‐glucuronide and glycochenodeoxycholate 3‐sulfate, and investigated the CYP2C8 inhibition selectivity of clopidogrel and gemfibrozil with the full cocktail. In a five‐phase randomized cross‐over study, the following drugs were administered to 16 healthy volunteers: (i) repaglinide, (ii) the Geneva cocktail, (iii) repaglinide with the Geneva cocktail (full cocktail), (iv) clopidogrel followed by the full cocktail, and (v) gemfibrozil followed by the full cocktail. The Geneva cocktail increased repaglinide AUC0‐23h 1.22‐fold (90% confidence interval 1.04–1.44, P = 0.033). The full cocktail accurately captured known inhibitory effects of clopidogrel on CYP2B6, CYP2C8, and CYP2C19 and that of gemfibrozil on CYP2C8. Gemfibrozil decreased the paraxanthine/caffeine AUC0‐12h ratio by 23% (14–31%, P < 0.01) and increased caffeine AUC0‐12h 1.20‐fold (1.03–1.40, P = 0.036). Gemfibrozil increased the metabolite‐to‐index drug AUC0‐23h ratios of flurbiprofen, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, and midazolam 1.59‐fold (1.32–1.92), 1.47‐fold (1.34–1.61), 1.79‐fold (1.23–2.59), and 2.1‐fold (1.9–2.4), respectively, without affecting the index drug AUCs (P < 0.01). Gemfibrozil increased the AUC0‐4h of glycochenodeoxycholate 3‐O‐glucuronide 1.33‐fold (1.07–1.65, P = 0.027). In conclusion, the combination of repaglinide, the Geneva cocktail and endogenous biomarkers for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 yields a nine‐in‐one phenotyping tool. Apart from strong CYP2C8 inhibition, gemfibrozil weakly inhibits CYP1A2 and OATP1B1 and appears to impair the elimination of the metabolites of several CYP index drugs.
Significant Progress in the Study of African Freshwater Snails Over the Past 260 Years
Authors: Ziganira Matabaro , Downs Colleen T.
Published: February 2025

Globally, freshwater ecosystems are threatened. Research progress concerning African freshwater snails was reviewed using a systematic review process. Since 1757, the number of publications produced has increased, particularly in the last decade. In the first 50 years (1757–1800), 0.1% of publications on freshwater snails in Africa were conducted, followed by 0% (1801–1850), 3.3% (1851–1900), 3.5% (1901–1950) and 48.7% (1951–2000). The last 23 years (2001–2024) exhibited a large increase (44.3%) in publications of the total conducted. Studies on freshwater snails varied in number across the 10 major African water basins, with the majority of studies in the Nile (21.7%), followed by the Congo Basin (17.6%) and Niger (12.4%). The Orange Basin and Lake Tanganyika also received a high number of studies (10.9%) and (7.2%), respectively. Most freshwater snail study objectives related to conservation and taxonomy (70%), followed by disease vector (20.5%), with genetics/genomic/DNA barcoding/eDNA receiving significant focus as well (5.2%). Studies focusing on geology and palaeontology (2.5%), followed by climate change (1.5%) and machine learning (0.4%). The modern phase in the study of African freshwater snails came around the early 20th century with the discovery of Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina as intermediate hosts for the parasites causing human schistosomiasis. African freshwater malacology has since then benefited from African and overseas malacologists based at universities and medical laboratories across Africa and overseas. In addition to taxonomic studies, there was a steady rise in contributions relating to ecology, disease vectors, palaeontology and genetics. These contributed knowledge on local endemism and speciation, invasive species, species origins and distribution across African water basins, as well as the spread of infectious diseases and impacts of climate change. In the last decade, there have been shifts in methods with the application of DNA barcoding, genomics, environmental DNA and, most recently, machine learning approaches.
Stimulated Photocatalytic Plasmonic–TiO2 Nanohybrid for Ecoremediation and Energy: Recent Advances and Challenges
Authors: Mbrouk Omar , Galal Hoda R. , Mohamed Walied A. A. , Abdel‐Mottaleb Mohamed Sabry , Hafez Hoda
Published: February 2025

Plasmonic photocatalysis represents a highly promising area of research, as it enables the efficient exploitation of a broad spectrum of solar energy. Among the different photocatalysts, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has emerged as a pre‐eminent photocatalyst owing to its remarkable catalytic attributes. Its abundant active sites and high surface‐to‐volume ratio enable synergistic interactions with plasmonic metal nanoparticles, including silver, gold, and palladium, leading to significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity. These hybrid nanostructured materials based on TiO2 photocatalysts have many advances and challenges for many potential applications in environment and energy production. This phenomenon can be attributed to the efficient separation of charge carriers, coupled with the strategic tuning of the photocatalyst's optical response to extend into extended wavelength regions, specifically within the near‐infrared and visible spectra.
Impact of Tropical Cyclone Yaas on Coastal Regions of Odisha and West Bengal, India: An Assessment Using Sentinel Datasets
Authors: Das Bahadur , Dutta Dipanwita , Ray Ratnadeep
Published: February 2025

Coastal areas are increasingly susceptible to frequent cyclones driven by climate change. This leads to severe flooding, habitat loss, economic damage and community displacement, necessitating urgent adaptation measures. In this context, the present study aims to assess the impact of tropical cyclone Yaas on the coastal districts of Odisha and West Bengal combining SAR and optical satellite data. The Sentinel‐1 data was used for flood inundation analysis, allowing for the identification and mapping of areas affected by the cyclonic flooding. In addition, Sentinel‐2 data was employed for land use and land cover (LULC) analysis, enabling the evaluation of the cyclone's impact on various land cover classes. A fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to analyse the changes in forest canopy cover. By integrating these diverse datasets and analyses, the study provides a holistic understanding of the cyclone's impact on the coastal region's environment and land cover. The findings reveal that the Yaas cyclonic flood affected an area of 2528.70 sq. km, accounting for 6.8% of the total region. In the coastal areas of West Bengal, more than 24% of cropland was affected particularly in the districts of Purba Medinipur, North 24 Parganas, Hoogly, Howrah and South 24 Parganas. In Odisha state, the most affected cropland areas were Bhadrak (945.11 sq. km) and Kendrapara (557.90 sq. km), while the districts of Bhadrak, Balasore, Jajpur, Khordha and Cuttack experienced the greatest impact on built‐up areas. The findings of this comprehensive study contribute to a deeper understanding of the magnitude and extent of tropical cyclone Yaas's impacts. This study can be useful for the development of effective mitigation and adaptation strategies that is, restoration of mangrove forests, introduction of salt‐tolerant crops and upgrading of existing embankments and levees to enhance the resilience of the coastal communities.
Adult brain cancer incidence patterns: A comparative study between Japan and Japanese Americans
Authors: Sigel Byron , Withrow Diana R. , Veiga Lene H. S. , Saito Eiko , Matsuda Tomohiro , Katanoda Kota
Published: February 2025

Adult primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers, though comprising only about 4% of new cancer diagnoses, significantly impact morbidity and mortality due to their low survival rates. Globally, brain and CNS tumor incidence varies considerably, with the United States exhibiting one of the highest rates and Japan among the lowest worldwide. In the United States, incidence rates differ by race, with higher rates in non‐Hispanic whites (NHW) and lower rates in Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI). This study examines the incidence of malignant CNS tumors in Japan and Japanese Americans, comparing these groups to NHW and AAPI populations in the United States. We estimated age‐standardized incidence rates (ASR) of brain and CNS tumors among adults using data from the Monitoring of Cancer Incidence in Japan (MCIJ) and the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐9 registries from 2007 to 2014. Incidence rates were stratified by age, sex, and specific CNS tumor subtypes. Incidence rates of CNS tumors among Japanese (ASR: 3.66, 95% CI: 3.56–3.76) and Japanese Americans (ASR: 2.5, 95% CI: 2.13–3.05) were lower than among NHW (9.43, 95% CI, 9.31–9.56) and AAPI populations (ASR: 4.13, 95% CI: 3.94–4.33) in the United States. The same pattern was observed for CNS tumor subtypes and across age groups and sex. This study supports a genetic component in the risk of brain and CNS tumors, a cancer type with largely unknown etiology. By comparing incidence rates across populations, it contributes to understanding the balance of genetic and environmental risk factors in the development of these cancers.
Re‐evaluating prognostic indicators: The critical role of body composition and gene expression in endometrial cancer outcomes
Authors: Cuello Mauricio A. , Gómez‐Valenzuela Fernán , Ossandón Enrique , Wichmann Ignacio , Orlandini Elisa , Sáez Nicolás , Brañes Jorge , Kato Sumie , Ibañez Carolina
Published: February 2025

Objective

To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI), body composition (BC), and the expression of genes linked to obesity or lipid metabolism on the prognosis of endometrial cancer.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive review of patients with confirmed endometrial cancer treated at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) and analyzed publicly available data from the endometrial cancer TCGA‐UCEC cohort. BC was assessed using computed tomography (CT) scans, and gene expression analysis was performed using RNA‐seq data. We evaluated the associations between BMI, BC, gene expression, and patient outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).

Results

Our study included 127 patients (67 from PUC and 60 from TCGA‐UCEC). BMI was not significantly associated with OS or PFS. However, BC metrics such as visceral adiposity and muscle mass were critical determinants of prognosis. We identified a 30‐gene risk score significantly associated with poorer PFS and OS, independent of other factors. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) revealed significant differences in immune cell composition and functional states between high‐ and low‐risk groups.

Conclusion

BMI alone is not a significant prognostic factor in endometrial cancer. Comprehensive assessments of BC, gene expression profiles, and the TME provide more accurate prognostic information and highlight potential therapeutic targets. These findings advocate for a shift towards personalized medicine, incorporating detailed phenotyping and molecular profiling to improve patient outcomes.
Time‐restricted feeding mitigates Alzheimer's disease‐associated cognitive impairments via a B. pseudolongum‐propionic acid‐FFAR3 axis
Authors: Zhao Yihang , Jia Mengzhen , Ding Chen , Bao Bingkun , Li Hangqi , Ma Jiabin , Dong Weixuan , Gao Rui , Chen Xuhui , Chen Jiao , Dai Xiaoshuang , Zou Yuanqiang , Hu Jun , Shi Lin , Liu Xuebo , Liu Zhigang
Published: February 2025

Time‐restricted feeding (TRF) holds promise for alleviating cognitive decline in aging, albeit the precise mechanism via the gut‐brain axis remains elusive. In a clinical trial, we observed, for the first time, that a 4‐month TRF ameliorated cognitive impairments among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Experiments in 5xFAD mice corroborated the gut microbiota‐dependent effect of TRF on mitigating cognitive dysfunction, amyloid‐beta deposition, and neuroinflammation. Multi‐omics integration linked Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (B. pseudolongum) and propionic acid (PA) with key genes in AD pathogenesis. Oral supplementation of B. pseudolongum or PA mimicked TRF's protective effects. Positron emission tomography imaging confirmed PA's blood‐brain barrier penetration, while knockdown of the free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3) diminished TRF's cognitive benefits. Notably, we observed a positive correlation between fecal PA and improved cognitive function in an AD cohort, further indicating that TRF enhanced PA production. These findings highlight the microbiota‐metabolites‐brain axis as pivotal in TRF's cognitive benefits, proposing B. pseudolongum or PA as potential AD therapies.
A left‐posterior approach to the superior mesenteric artery during robot‐assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Kiritani Sho , Inoue Yosuke , Sato Takafumi , Sawa Yui , Kobayashi Kosuke , Oba Atsushi , Ono Yoshihiro , Ito Hiromichi , Takahashi Yu
Published: February 2025

Background

A complete dissection around the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) with artery‐first concept is crucial during pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary cancers. The left‐posterior (LP) approach to the SMA may be effective during robot‐assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD), but data on its technical feasibility and clinical outcomes are limited.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 83 RPD patients utilizing the LP approach, dividing them into early (n = 42) and late (n = 41) groups to assess procedural maturity. The LP approach was initiated at the first phase of resection to achieve circumferential SMA dissection from the left and posterior aspect and early vascular control through ligation of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA). Postoperative short‐term outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

The late group demonstrated significantly shorter operative times (518 vs. 626 min; p < .01) and higher rates of IPDA ligation (90% vs. 71%; p = .03). The median blood loss in the late group was 50 mL (65 mL in the early group; p = .39). Lymph node retrieval number was 17 in both (p = .81), and R0 resection was achieved in all late group cases (96% in the early group; p = .35).

Conclusions

With experience from approximately 80 cases, the LP approach for RPD has enabled precise SMA dissection and early vascular control. A stable and super‐magnified caudal view provided by robotic surgery is particularly advantageous for this approach.