bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An online assessment of pricing for ready‐to‐drink alcohol products: Implications for risk and policy solutions
Authors: Rossheim Matthew E. , Tillett Kayla K. , Vasilev Viktor , LoParco Cassidy R. , Agwuncha Theresa , Sekhon Vishaldeep K. , Mendoza Edna P. , Townsend Olivia , Julian Maria T. , Treffers Ryan D. , Livingston Melvin D. , Siegel Michael B. , Jernigan David H.
Published: November 2024

Background

Alcohol pricing policies can reduce population‐level alcohol consumption. To inform these policies, it is essential to understand the price per standard alcoholic drink of the least expensive brands. This study focused on prices of ready‐to‐drink products because of their accessibility, popularity among young people, and market expansion in recent years.

Methods

In 2023, we systematically identified 39 retail stores selling alcohol online in Fort Worth, Texas. For each product, we recorded information regarding brand name, alcohol‐by‐volume (abv), liquid volume, and price (n = 10,818). Ready‐to‐drink products encompassed beer, malt liquor, cider, premixed cocktails, and flavored alcoholic beverages (FAB) including hard beverages (seltzer, soda, tea, lemonade), excluding wine and distilled spirits. We limited analyses to brands sold by at least three stores and deduplicated products within stores. Our analytic sample size was 3924.

Results

The least expensive brands included the following: Four Loko, MXD Drinks Co., Steel Reserve (High Gravity Lager and Alloy Series), Hurricane High Gravity, Natural Ice, Natty Daddy, Clubtails, Sauza Agave Cocktails, Truly Extra, and Icehouse. The average abv among all products was 5.9%. Among the 20 least expensive brands, the average abv was 9.0%, and 70% were available in single‐serve containers.

Conclusions

The least expensive brands of ready‐to‐drink alcohol products were often high abv, single‐serve containers of FAB, malt liquor, or beer. Retail price assessments can strengthen the case for policy solutions, such as targeted taxes and re‐classification of products, to reduce the risks posed by low‐priced alcohol. The current study identifies some brands these retail assessments should include.
Hospital obstetric volume and maternal outcomes: Does hospital size matter?
Authors: Holowko Natalie , Ladfors Linnea V. , Örtqvist Anne K. , Ahlberg Mia , Stephansson Olof
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In recent decades, centralization of health care has resulted in a number of obstetric unit closures. While studies support better infant outcomes in larger facilities, few have investigated maternal outcomes. We investigated obstetric unit closures over time and whether obstetric volume is associated with onset of labor, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS).

Material and Methods

All births registered in Sweden between 1992 and 2019 (Medical Birth Register, N = 2 931 140), linked with data on sociodemographic characteristics and maternal/infant diagnoses, were used to describe obstetric unit closures. After excluding congenital malformations, obstetric volume was categorized (low: 0–1999, medium: 2000–3999, high: ≥4000 births per year). Restricting to 2004 onwards (after most closures), the association between volume and onset of labor (spontaneous as reference) was estimated. Restricting to spontaneous, full‐term (≥37 weeks gestation) cephalic births, we then investigated the association between volume and PPH and, after excluding planned cesarean sections, OASIS. Odds ratios from multilevel (logistic) models clustered by hospital were estimated.

Results

The 20 dissolved obstetric units (1992–2019) had relatively stable volume until their closure. Compared to the average, women birthing in the highest volume hospitals were older (31.3 years vs. 30.4) and a higher proportion had >12 years of education (57 vs. 51%). Compared to high‐volume hospitals, there was no significant difference in labor starting by elective cesarean section or induction, rather than spontaneously, among low (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.73–1.06) and medium (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–1.01) volume hospitals. There were lower odds of PPH among low (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.85) and medium (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.97) volume hospitals. No significant association was found between obstetric volume and OASIS (low: OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.82–1.18; medium: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77–1.05).

Conclusions

There was not a strong relationship between obstetric volume and maternal outcomes. Reduced odds of PPH for women birthing in smaller units may be due to triaging high‐risk pregnancies to larger hospitals. While there was no significant association between obstetric volume and onset of labor or OASIS, other important factors related to closures, such as workload and overcrowding, should be investigated.
Prediction of uterine rupture in singleton pregnancies with one prior cesarean birth undergoing TOLAC: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Arkerson Brittany J. , Muraca Giulia M. , Thakur Nisha , Javinani Ali , Khalil Asma , D'Souza Rohan , Mustafa Hiba J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Being able to counsel patients with one prior cesarean birth on the risk of uterine rupture with a trial of labor after cesarean, (TOLAC) is an important aspect of prenatal care. Despite uterine rupture being a catastrophic event, there is currently no successful, validated prediction model to predict its occurrence.

Material and Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study using US national birth data between 2014 and 2021. The primary objective was to identify risk factors for uterine rupture during TOLAC and to generate a prediction model for uterine rupture among singleton gestations with one prior cesarean as their only prior birth. The secondary objective was to describe the maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with uterine rupture. The association of all candidate variables with uterine rupture was tested with uni‐ and multi‐variable logistic regression analyses. We included term and preterm singleton pregnancies with one prior birth that was cesarean birth (CB) with cephalic presentation undergoing TOLAC. We excluded pregnancies with major structural anomalies and chromosomal abnormalities. The Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve was generated. p value <0.001 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Of the 270 329 singleton pregnancies with one prior CB undergoing TOLAC during the study period, there were 957 cases of uterine rupture (3.54 cases per 1000). Factors associated with uterine rupture in multivariable models were an interpregnancy interval < 18 months vs the reference interval of 24–35 months (aOR 1.55; 95% CI, 1.19–2.02), induction of labor (aOR 2.31; 95% CI, 2.01–2.65), and augmentation of labor (aOR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.70–2.21). Factors associated with reduced rates of uterine rupture were maternal age < 20 years (aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15–0.74) and 20–24 years (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.97) vs the reference of 25–29 years and gestational age at delivery 32–36 weeks vs the reference of 37–41 weeks (aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38–0.79). Incorporating these factors into a predictive model for uterine rupture yielded an area under the receiver‐operating curve of 0.66. Additionally, all analyzed maternal and neonatal morbidities were increased in the setting of uterine rupture compared to non‐rupture.

Conclusions

Uterine rupture prediction models utilizing TOLAC characteristics have modest performance.
Effects of supplementation with mature coconut water on oxidative stress, semen quality, reproductive hormone levels, and sexual behavior in Boer bucks
Authors: Mohd‐Zainurian Nur Faizah Nadia , Esah Haizal Danial , Mohamad‐Fauzi Nuradilla , Hashim Noor Hashida , Mazlishah Mohd Shahmi Hakimi , Shamsuddin Shamsul Azlin Ahmad , Mohd‐Yusuf Yusmin , Aziz Nor Azlina Abd
Published: November 2024

Mature coconut water (MCW) has been demonstrated to contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. In vivo research showed that MCW supplementation increased semen quality in rats, suggesting that it may boost reproductive performance. This study investigated the impact of MCW on the reproduction of Boer bucks. Two groups of 12 sexually mature bucks were given either plain water (control) or MCW at 5 mL/kg of body weight daily for 60 days. Sexual behaviors were studied using the focal observation technique, whereas semen was collected for quality assessment. Oxidative stress markers, namely, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), along with reproductive hormones, specifically luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone, were quantified in blood serum samples via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The oxidative stress analysis showed elevated GSH and reduced MDA levels, accompanied by enhanced sperm quality, including superior motility, concentration, viability, and fewer morphological abnormalities (p < 0.05), in the group receiving MCW. Moreover, there was a rise in LH, FSH, and testosterone levels with improved sexual behaviors (p < 0.05), including a reduced latency to the first mount, increased mount attempts, higher libido, and prolonged kicking and sniffing durations. In conclusion, MCW may improve reproductive health and fertility in Boer bucks.
Design and validation of an electroencephalogram‐supported approach to tracking real‐time cognitive load variations for adaptive video‐based learning
Authors: Pei Leisi , Jong Morris Siu‐Yung , Shang Junjie , Ouyang Guang
Published: November 2024

Cognitive load is a critical internal state associated with learners' learning process and significantly influences learning outcomes. With the worldwide popularity of video‐based learning (VBL), tracking real‐time cognitive load variations becomes more and more important for the timely provision of adaptive learning support during the learning process. This study proposed and validated an electroencephalogram (EEG)‐supported approach to tracking real‐time cognitive load variations during continuous VBL. We recruited 108 healthy adult participants to watch a specially designed video lecture with a sequence of interconnected slides of equal length. EEG signals were continuously recorded throughout the session. The video lecture was designed with varying levels of content difficulty (ie, rated from 1 to 5) across slides and was narrated at three different speeds (ie, slow, normal and fast) to induce cognitive load variations. For each slide, the cognitive load was quantified using both subjective ratings (ie, self‐reported difficulty) and an EEG‐derived measure (ie, alpha power). Through linear mixed model analysis, we demonstrated the feasibility of using alpha power to track real‐time cognitive load variations during the continuous VBL process after controlling the effect of mental fatigue. This study provides a foundation for developing learning enhancement technologies that enable the timely provision of adaptive learning support in VBL.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Video‐based learning has become a prevailing learning method for the current generation.

Tracking the internal learning state of learners is essential for the timely provision of adaptive learning support during the video‐based learning process.

Cognitive load is a critical aspect of internal learning state.

While EEG has been proven to be valuable in assessing average cognitive load of a task, few studies have investigated the feasibility of utilizing EEG to track real‐time cognitive load variations in a task.

What this paper adds

An EEG‐supported approach was proposed to track real‐time cognitive load variations in video‐based learning.

A high consistency was found between subjective ratings and EEG‐derived measure of cognitive load.

The presence of mental fatigue exerted a significant impact on EEG‐derived measure of cognitive load.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Generative AI can be leveraged to facilitate mass production of lectures required in the approach.

Real‐time tracking of cognitive load variations in video‐based learning enables the timely provision of adaptive learning supports.

Additional research is warranted to mitigate the effect of mental fatigue on real‐time tracking of cognitive load variations.
Children's Personality and Its Contribution to School Grades Inequality: Evidence From Mexico
Authors: Miranda Alfonso , Rodríguez‐Martínez Yahaira , Zhu Yu
Published: November 2024

We explore the relationship between Big‐5 Personality Traits and school grades, using a novel survey of state primary school children in Mexico. Linear school fixed‐effects estimates controlling for household income, principal caregiver's education, IQ, and personality traits indicate that higher conscientiousness and agreeableness consistently and significantly correlate with high school performance in all subjects, net of child's IQ. A regression‐based inequality decomposition shows that a child's personality accounts for 5.1% and 6.5% of the inequality in mathematics for girls and boys, whereas for Spanish, it accounts for 3.9% and 8.0%, respectively. Results are robust to unobservable confounders using Oster bounds.
School Experiences in the Disease Management of Children With Celiac Disease: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sahın Özlem Ozturk , Tasdelen Yeliz , Kutahyalıoglu Nesibe S. , Guney Emine Uzuntarla , Ozer Kadriye
Published: November 2024

Background

This study was conducted to examine in depth the disease management experiences of school‐age children with celiac disease and the effects of family, friends, and teachers on disease management at school.

Methods

The study employed a qualitative research method using the phenomenology design. Face‐to‐face, semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with children (n = 14) with celiac disease. The transcripts were analysed using a phenomenological approach and an inductive process.

Results

Three main themes were identified: Individual, Institutional, and Environmental. It was observed that children adapted better to the celiac diet as they got older, but they had difficulty adjusting to the diet in the school environment. In addition, it was found that school‐age children had challenges in diagnosing the disease and finding products suitable for the diet in a rural city with limited facilities. It was determined that the approaches of peers and teachers throughout the child's school life affected the disease management levels of children.

Conclusion

The study reveals the emotional, cognitive, and behavioural difficulties that children face while adapting to celiac disease and diet, especially in the school environment. The results emphasize that school‐age children with celiac disease should not be ignored and that the school nurse plays an essential role in this process.
Imbalance of Myoinositol and D‐Chiro‐Inositol in Saliva of Children With Type‐1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Lima Pedro Henrique Moreira , Alves Cabral Karla Shangela da Silva , Costa E Forti Adriana , Nascimento Nilberto Robson Falcão do , Santos Claúdia Ferreira , Lima Aldo Angelo Moreira , Magalhães Lyvia Maria Vasconcelos Carneiro , Martins Ricardo Souza , Lima Vilma , Fonteles Manassés Claudino , Fonteles Cristiane Sá Roriz
Published: November 2024

Objective

Earlier work suggests Myoinositol (MI) and D‐chiro‐ inositol (DCI) imbalance in urine and plasma of diabetic patients, and their potential for monitoring insulin resistance. This study aimed to assess levels of Myoinositol (MI) and D‐chiro‐ inositol (DCI) in saliva of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM‐1) and controls, to verify if concentrations of MI and DCI are similarly altered in saliva, exploring their potential for monitoring DM‐1.

Design, Patients and Measurements

This cross‐sectional clinical study enroled 45 patients (DM‐1, n = 25; Controls, n = 20). Children aged 3–12 years with fasting blood glucose levels > 126 mg/dL, and HbA1c levels > 7%. Saliva was collected, and salivary measurements included pH, flow rates and concentrations of MI, DCI and glucose, employing high‐performance liquid chromatography. Periodontal health was assessed using bleeding and plaque indices.

Results

Children with DM‐1 showed elevated MI (p = 0.001), reduced DCI (p = 0.001), and increased MI‐DCI ratio (p = 0.001). The MI‐DCI ratio was elevated by 16‐fold among diabetic children. Plaque (p = 0.003) and gingival bleeding (p = 0.001) were higher in DM‐1 than controls. The MI increased the odds of an outcome of DM‐1 by 174%, while DCI reduced the odds by 63%, highlighting their strong and opposing effects on DM‐1.

Conclusions

Children with DM‐1 express higher MI and lower DCI levels, while non‐diabetic children show an inversion of these concentrations. Inositol imbalance in saliva of diabetic children resembles previous results in urine, and represents a possible venue for monitoring this disease, paving the way for future investigations into salivary inositols.
Olaparib Enhances the Efficacy of Third‐Generation Oncolytic Adenoviruses Against Glioblastoma by Modulating DNA Damage Response and p66shc‐Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Liu Yida , Fang Sheng , Wang Peiwen , Zhang Junwen , Liu Fusheng
Published: November 2024

Aims

Patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) do not benefit from current cancer treatments, and their prognosis is dismal. This study aimed to investigate the potential synergistic effects of TS‐2021, a third‐generation oncolytic adenovirus, combined with the PARP inhibitor olaparib in GBM.

Methods

TS‐2021’s impact on p66shc‐induced apoptosis, DNA damage response, and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation was evaluated in GBM cells. The synergistic effect of TS‐2021 and olaparib was examined in GBM cell lines and an immunocompetent mouse model of GBM. Mechanistic studies focused on the role of p66shc phosphorylation in the observed effects.

Results

TS‐2021 triggered p66shc‐induced apoptosis, DNA damage response, and PARP activation. The combination of TS‐2021 and olaparib synergistically increased cell apoptosis and DNA damage and reduced PARP expression compared to monotherapy. Olaparib promoted TS‐2021 replication and release in GBM cells. Mechanistically, olaparib combined with TS‐2021 upregulated p66shc phosphorylation, enhancing tumor cell apoptosis. In vivo, the combination therapy inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival, confirming the synergistic effect.

Conclusion

This study is the first to suggest that TS‐2021 sensitizes GBM cells with wild‐type BRCA1/2 to olaparib. The combination of TS‐2021 and olaparib shows a synergistic therapeutic effect against GBM, providing a promising treatment strategy.
Distinct recurrence patterns according to disease manifestation in pilonidal sinus disease treated with cleft lift surgery at 5 years’ follow‐up in a large prospective Danish cohort
Authors: Pedersen Natashja , Faurschou Ida Kaad , Ankersen Julie Lykke , Sørensen Marlene Julia , Friis Mikkel Lønborg , Pedersen Allan Gorm , Doll Dietrich , Haas Susanne
Published: November 2024

Aim

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common condition particularly affecting the young population. The disease is incompletely understood, and optimal treatment is still debated. However, off‐midline closure techniques have become the standard of care in more advanced cases. The literature is, however, lacking disease stratification in evaluation of surgical results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes in a prospective cohort following Bascom's cleft lift (BCL) in primary extensive disease, nonhealing wounds after previous surgery and recurrence on a large Danish cohort from a high‐volume centre.

Method

The study is based on a prospective database established at Randers Regional Hospital in 2016. All patients undergoing BCL surgery from June 2016 until June 2020 were included in this study.

Results

Three hundred and ninety two patients (326 men/66 women) underwent BCL surgery over a 4‐year period. Of these, 127 (32.4%) presented with primary extensive PSD, 136 (34.7%) with nonhealing wounds and 129 (33.9%) with recurrent PSD. Overall, 87% healed uneventfully within the first 3 months, and 17% had recurrence at a median follow‐up of 60 months (45–73 months). However, the risk of recurrence was higher among patients with nonhealing wounds (20%) and recurrence (17%) compared with primary extensive manifestation (13%).

Conclusion

Treatment of advanced PSD remains challenging with a high rate of wound complications and recurrences, stressing the need for dedicated care. Patients with either failed surgery or recurrence need particular attention.
Beyond the Positivity Bias: The Processing and Integration of Self‐Relevant Feedback Is Driven by Its Alignment With Pre‐Existing Self‐Views
Authors: García‐Arch Josué , Friedrich Solenn , Wu Xiongbo , Cucurell David , Fuentemilla Lluís
Published: November 2024

Our self‐concept is constantly faced with self‐relevant information. Prevailing research suggests that information's valence plays a central role in shaping our self‐views. However, the need for stability within the self‐concept structure and the inherent alignment of positive feedback with the pre‐existing self‐views of healthy individuals might mask valence and congruence effects. In this study (N = 30, undergraduates), we orthogonalized feedback valence and self‐congruence effects to examine the behavioral and electrophysiological signatures of self‐relevant feedback processing and self‐concept updating. We found that participants had a preference for integrating self‐congruent and dismissing self‐incongruent feedback, regardless of its valence. Consistently, electroencephalography results revealed that feedback congruence, but not feedback valence, is rapidly detected during early processing stages. Our findings diverge from the accepted notion that self‐concept updating is based on the selective incorporation of positive information. These findings offer novel insights into self‐concept dynamics, with implications for the understanding of psychopathological conditions.
CIC‐DUX4 Sarcoma of the Skin: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Faden Daniella F. , Rodriguez Olaf , Abdelmalek Mark , Kovarik Carrie
Published: November 2024

CIC::DUX4 fusion sarcoma represents a rare and aggressive subtype of undifferentiated small round blue cell tumors. We report on a 23‐year‐old African male who developed a rapidly enlarging inferolateral left buttock nodule with ulceration. After debulking excision of the lesion, histologic sections demonstrated sheets and lobules of atypical round blue cells with significant cytologic atypia. Prominent foci of atypical mitotic figures and tissue necrosis were present. Tumoral cells stained strongly and diffusely using MDM2, vimentin, WT1 and CD99 immunohistochemical (IHC) markers. Molecular testing was performed and highlighted CIC::DUX4 gene fusion positivity, making the diagnosis of a CIC::DUX4 sarcoma (CDS). Post‐surgical excision, the patient showed no disease on imaging and underwent five cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with no recurrence observed at the eight‐month follow‐up. With fewer than 200 cases reported in the literature and somewhat nonspecific clinicopathologic characteristics, CIC::DUX4 sarcoma presents a diagnostic challenge. This case underlines the importance of molecular diagnostics in undifferentiated sarcomas and presents a rare primary cutaneous manifestation of CIC::DUX4 fusion sarcoma. Additionally, we provide a review of the literature to aid in recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare entity.
New media, new connections: Building Reddit's MuseumPros
Authors: Moskowitz Blaire , Chamness Scott
Published: November 2024

Museum workers have been conducting informal professional discourse on the Web for decades. Today, Reddit's “MuseumPros” is one such place where twenty‐eight thousand individuals discuss the lived experiences of museum workers and develop collective actions, compare experiences in the sector, and strengthen professional networks by voicing their opinions, asking questions, seeking guidance, and sharing skills. As creators and moderators of MuseumPros, we have led this community from its inception by participating, mediating, and creating resources for the community. Broadly, this paper is an auto‐ethnographic review which enables us to reflect upon this community and the values we instilled and to understand its uniqueness through its anonymity, diversity of voices, and methods of knowledge construction.
Treatment of Critical Bleeds in Patients With Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chowdhury Saifur R. , Sirotich Emily , Guyatt Gordon , Gill Daya , Modi Dimpy , Venier Laura M. , Mahamad Syed , Chowdhury Mahmudur Rahman , Eisa Kerolos , Beck Carolyn E. , Breakey Vicky R. , de Wit Kerstin , Porter Stephen , Webert Kathryn E. , Cuker Adam , O'Connor Clare , ‐DiRaimo Jennifer MacWhirter , Yan Justin W. , Manski Charles , Kelton John G. , Kang Matthew , Strachan Gail , Hassan Ziauddin , Pruitt Barbara , Pai Menaka , Grace Rachael F. , Paynter Dale , Charness Jay , Cooper Nichola , Fein Steven , Agarwal Arnav , Nazaryan Hasmik , Siddiqui Ishaq , Leong Russell , Pallapothu Sushmitha , Wen Aaron , Xu Emily , Liu Bonnie , Shafiee Amirmohammad , Rathod Preksha , Kwon Henry , Dookie Jared , Zeraatkar Dena , Thabane Lehana , Couban Rachel , Arnold Donald M.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Evidence‐based protocols for managing bleeding emergencies in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are lacking. We conducted a systematic review of treatments for critical bleeding in patients with ITP.

Methods

We included all study designs and extracted data in aggregate or individually for patients who received one or more interventions and for whom any of the following outcomes were reported: platelet count response, bleeding, disability, or death.

Results

We identified 49 eligible studies reporting 112 critical bleed patients with ITP, including 66 children (median age, 10 years), 36 adults (median age, 41.5 years), and 10 patients with unreported age. Patients received corticosteroids (n = 67), IVIG (n = 49), platelet transfusions (n = 41), TPO‐RAs (n = 17), and splenectomy (n = 28) either alone or in combination. Studies reported 29 different treatment combinations, the 5 most common were corticosteroids, platelet transfusion and splenectomy (n = 13), corticosteroids and IVIG (n = 13), or splenectomy alone (n = 13); IVIG alone (n = 11); and corticosteroids, IVIG and TPO‐RA (n = 8). Mortality among patients with critical bleeds in ITP was 30.6% for adults and 19.7% for children.

Conclusions

The effects of individual treatments on patient outcomes were uncertain due to very low‐quality evidence. There is a need for a standardized approach to the treatment of ITP critical bleeds.

Systematic Review Registration

CRD42020161206.
The association between childhood adversity and hippocampal volumes is moderated by romantic relationship experiences
Authors: Acosta H. , Jansen A. , Kircher T.
Published: November 2024

Reduced hippocampal volumes are a feature of many mental disorders. Childhood maltreatment is a known risk factor for the development of psychopathology and has consistently been linked to hippocampal volume reductions in adults, but not in children and adolescents. We propose that maltreatment‐related difficulties in coping with developmental tasks in adolescence and young adulthood might underlie the delayed emergence of hippocampal volume reductions in maltreated individuals. In a study with 196 healthy young adults (mean age [years]: 24.0 ± 3.2, 50% female, 20.6% living with a partner (missings: n = 2)), we investigated the interaction between childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Screener) and the breakup of a steady romantic relationship (List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire) on hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging grey matter volumes. The experience of a romantic relationship breakup moderated the association between childhood maltreatment and bilateral hippocampal volumes, revealing more negative associations with hippocampal volumes in participants with at least one breakup compared to those with no breakup experience (right hippocampus: β = − 0.05 ± 0.02, p = 0.031, p (FDR) = 0.031; left hippocampus: β = −0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.005, p (FDR) = 0.009). Moreover, our findings provide some evidence that childhood maltreatment is related to smaller bilateral hippocampal volumes only in those adults who suffered from a relationship breakup (right hippocampus: β = −0.23 ± 0.10, p = 0.018, p (FDR) = 0.018; left hippocampus: β = −0.24 ± 0.10, p = 0.016, p (FDR) = 0.018;). Our study highlights the interaction of adult social bonds with early adversity on vulnerability to psychopathology.
Association of cognitive and structural correlates of brain aging and incident epilepsy. The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Stefanidou Maria , Himali Jayandra J. , Bernal Rebecca , Satizabal Claudia , Devinsky Orrin , Romero Jose R. , Beiser Alexa S. , Seshadri Sudha , Friedman Daniel
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Late‐onset epilepsy has the highest incidence among all age groups affected by epilepsy and often occurs in the absence of known clinical risk factors such as stroke and dementia. There is increasing evidence that brain changes contributing to epileptogenesis likely start years before disease onset, and we aim to relate cognitive and imaging correlates of subclinical brain injury to incident late‐onset epilepsy in a large, community‐based cohort.

Methods

We studied Offspring Cohort of the Framingham Heart Study participants 45 years or older, who were free of prevalent stroke, dementia, or epilepsy, and had neuropsychological (NP) evaluation and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cognitive measures included Visual Reproduction Delayed Recall, Logical Memory Delayed Recall, Similarities, Trail Making Test B minus A (TrTB–TrTA; attention and executive function), and a global measure of cognition derived from principal component analysis. MRI measures included total cerebral brain volume, cortical gray matter volume (CGMV), white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), and hippocampal volume. Incident epilepsy was identified through a review of administrative data and medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for the analyses. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and educational level (cognition only).

Results

Among participants who underwent NP testing (n = 2349, 45.81% male), 31 incident epilepsy cases were identified during follow‐up. Better performance on the TrTB–TrTA was associated with a lower risk of developing epilepsy (hazard ratio [HR] .25, 95% confidence interval [CI] .08–.73; p = .011). In the subgroup of participants with MRI (n = 2056, 46.01% male), 27 developed epilepsy. Higher WMHV was associated with higher epilepsy risk (HR 1.5, 95%CI 1.01–2.20; p = .042), but higher CGMV (HR .73, 95% CI .57–.93; p = .001) was associated with lower incidence of epilepsy.

Significance

Better performance on the (TrTB–TrTA), a measure of executive function and attention, and higher cortical volumes are associated with lower risk of developing epilepsy. Conversely, higher WMHV, a measure of occult vascular injury, increases the risk. Our study shows that non‐invasive tests performed in mid‐life may help identify people at risk for developing epilepsy later in life.
Rotating Bending Fatigue of Laser Powder Bed Fused 316L Stainless Steel at Various Stress Levels: Microstructural Evaluation and Predictive Modeling
Authors: Aghayar Yahya , Behvar Alireza , Haghshenas Meysam , Mohammadi Mohsen
Published: November 2024

This research studies the effect of variable stress levels on the rotating bending fatigue (RBF) tests of 316L stainless steel fabricated by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method. The mechanical properties and fatigue behavior were evaluated to ascertain the correlation between the applied stress levels and microstructural changes that occurred during the fatigue experiments. These relationships were further investigated using a classical model developed on the Python platform. The microstructural analysis demonstrated that the face‐centered cubic structure was maintained throughout the application of stresses, varying from 255 to 402 MPa along with no phase changes. Nevertheless, the density of shear lines on the surface was substantially influenced by variations in stress levels as demonstrated by high‐stress areas in Kernel average misorientation maps. At lower stress levels, the model analysis exhibited a higher degree of reliability, with R2 values of 96.25% at lower stress rather than 89.30% at higher stress.
Nonuniformity of Fatigue Properties of Two‐Sided Electron Beam Welded Joint of Superthick Titanium Alloy
Authors: Long Jian , Zhang Lin‐Jie , Liu Yong‐Qiang , Deng De‐An , Zhuang Ming‐Xiang
Published: November 2024

The TC4 titanium (Ti) alloy has been widely utilized in various industries such as aerospace and shipbuilding, owing to its numerous advantages. Its exceptional properties have made it a material of choice for applications requiring high performance and reliability. The total weld thickness was 140 mm, and microstructures and high‐cycle fatigue properties were investigated at three different layers within the 140‐mm section. Experimental results show that the overlap area at two weld roots has the highest microhardness and largest nonuniformity of the overall joints, so the area is found to have the poorest high‐cycle fatigue properties. The microstructures in every layer of the weld metal of the joints were analyzed to determine the causes of the poor fatigue properties in the overlapping area at the weld roots. Significant amounts of α′ acicular microstructure are present in the weld metal of joints, while the overlap area at weld roots contains more α′ acicular microstructure with a finer size. Compared with other layers, the weld metal and base metal in Layer 2 (overlap area) have the largest microhardness gradient, where the stress concentration is more serious in the fatigue experimental process. Heat dissipation conditions was a critical factor for the inhomogeneity of microstructure and mechanical properties along the thickness direction of 140‐mm double‐sided electron beam welding joint. Fatigue damage (micropore) is formed at β phases in priority, and fatigue cracks propagate via series connection of micropores, indicative of transgranular ductile cracks.
Construct Validity of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire in a General Adult Population in Norway and Its Association with Self‐Reported General and Oral Health
Authors: Mathisen Kine Margrethe , Johnsen Jan‐Are Kolset , Holde Gro Eirin , Jönsson Birgitta
Published: November 2024

Objective

Individuals' Sense of Coherence (SOC) is measured with the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ‐13). SOC reflects a person's orientation to life and ability to manage stress, which can impact health. The aim of the study was to test the reliability and construct validity of the OLQ‐13, with self‐reported general and oral health as criterion measures, in a Norwegian general adult population.

Methods

Data were collected using the OLQ‐13 in addition to items measuring sociodemographic information, self‐reported general health and self‐reported oral health. This study was based on data from a population‐based cross‐sectional oral health study in Troms County, conducted from October 2013 to November 2014 (n = 1875, mean age 47.4 years, 50.5% women). Internal consistency was examined with Cronbach's alpha (α). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity (one‐ and three‐factor structure of the OLQ‐13). The associations between SOC and self‐reported general and oral health were tested using one‐way ANOVA.

Results

The internal consistency of the OLQ‐13 was good (α = 0.84). The CFA showed that while the OLQ‐13 demonstrated an unacceptable fit, a shortened 11‐item version with a three‐factor structure revealed an acceptable fit and good internal consistency (α = 0.86). The highest mean SOC scores were found among individuals reporting good or very good general and oral health.

Conclusion

A three‐factor structure with an 11‐item version of the OLQ to assess SOC showed better validity than OLQ‐13 in a general population in Northern Norway. Self‐reported general and oral health can be considered appropriate criterion measures when validating SOC. To achieve a valid measurement scale for assessing SOC, a revision of the OLQ‐13 appears necessary, and further studies are needed.
Dental Hygienists' Readiness to Perform Resin Infiltrations: A Qualitative Study From Finland
Authors: Kerälä Susanna , Laurila Katriina , Kajula Outi , Keinänen Anna‐Leena
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Resin infiltration is a micro‐invasive treatment method for non‐cavitated enamel lesions that aims to arrest the progression of carious lesions and improve the aesthetic qualities of teeth. The aim of this study is to provide a description of dental hygienists' readiness to perform resin infiltration and their experiences of performing it.

Methods

The study was conducted during the years 2020 and 2021 using qualitative research methods. The data was collected through semi‐structured single interviews and analysed using inductive content analysis. The informants were dental hygienists (n = 10) from Finland. The criterion for participation was experience of performing resin infiltration. The average number of procedures performed was seven. Five out of 10 informants had received training in the technique prior to their first procedure.

Results

Dental hygienists had varied experiences of resin infiltrations. The readiness required to perform resin infiltrations was seen to be equivalent to their basic professional skills. Assessing the treatability and extent of lesions caused uncertainty, though readiness was felt to improve with experience. Resin infiltration training and inclusion in the curriculum of a dental hygienist was perceived to be important. The treatment was felt to be well suited to the job description of dental hygienists.

Conclusions

The results indicate that dental hygienists in Finland have adequate readiness to perform resin infiltration. However, the results are based on 10 informants' experiences and therefore cannot be generalised. Including resin infiltration in a dental hygienist's training programme could enhance dental hygienists' readiness to perform resin infiltrations.
One Acne™: A holistic management approach to improve overall skin quality and treatment outcomes in acne with or without sensitive skin
Authors: Kircik Leon , Tan Jerry , Lain Edward (Ted) , Beleznay Katie , Chavda Rajeev , Lachmann Nadège , Brinkhuizen Tjinta , Baldwin Hilary , Layton Alison M.
Published: November 2024

Acne and sensitive skin can take a profound toll on patients' well‐being, which can be exacerbated if the conditions are experienced together. This narrative review aims to identify appropriate treatments to facilitate a holistic management approach to acne (One Acne™), sensitive skin, and acne‐induced sequelae and describe the role of treatments in improving skin quality. Topical retinoids are considered the preferred first‐line option for acne treatment by dermatologists, either as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments, because of their ability to target various aspects of the disease. Tretinoin, trifarotene, adapalene, and tazarotene have all been assessed in clinical studies for managing acne‐associated scarring, with varying success, with the latter three reported to improve skin quality. Moreover, some corrective procedures, e.g., injectable non‐animal stabilized hyaluronic acid (NASHA) fillers, have proven effective for treating acne scarring. Both treatment types may complement each other to provide optimal treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction, as observed in several patients receiving concomitant treatment with NASHA fillers/topical trifarotene. Adjunctive use of cleansers, moisturizers, and photoprotection‐containing ingredients such as vitamin B3, glycerin, or pro‐vitamin B3 may also complement drug/corrective treatments to reduce skin irritation and risk of scarring, as well as improve skin hydration, tone, and overall appearance. This narrative review highlights that comprehensive skincare regimens should be used throughout acne patients' journeys to reduce treatment‐related irritation, improve treatment outcomes, adherence, and satisfaction, and enhance overall skin quality. Patients with sensitive skin should choose tailored skincare products to maintain skin barrier integrity and restore skin function.
Real‐world impact of pembrolizumab availability for deficient mismatch repair metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Loft Matthew , Wong Vanessa , Kosmider Suzanne , Wong Rachel , Shapiro Jeremy , Hong Wei , Jennens Ross , Tie Jeanne , Caird Susan , Steel Simone , Lee Belinda , Nott Louise , Khattak Muhammad Adnan , Lim Stephanie , Chong Geoffrey , Hayes Theresa , Underhill Craig , McLachlan Sue‐Anne , Rainey Natalie , Dunn Catherine , Gibbs Peter
Published: November 2024

Background

Immunotherapy has emerged as a standard treatment for deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Pembrolizumab became widely available as a first‐line (1L) option in Australia following the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) listing in August 2021. The uptake of new treatment options can be lengthy.

Methods

The Treatment of Recurrent and Advanced Colorectal Cancer mCRC registry data at participating Australian sites was analysed from January 2015 (when MMR testing became routine). 1L treatment of dMMR cancers was compared with pre‐ and post‐PBS funding.

Results

Out of 2819 patients, 2344 (83%) had known MMR status. Of these, 162 (7%) were dMMR, which was associated with older age (median age 69 vs 63 years, P = 0.001), a right‐side primary (68% vs 31%, P < 0.001) and a BRAF V600E mutation (49% vs 11%, P < 0.001). Prior to August 2021, 85 out of 117 (73%) patients with dMMR received 1L treatment: 63 out of 85 (74%) chemotherapy and 20 out of 85 (24%) immunotherapy. Following approval, 39 out of 45 (87%) received 1L treatment and 39 out of 39 (100%) pembrolizumab. Of the patients 75 years and older, a significantly higher proportion of patients were treated with any 1L therapy post‐PBS listing (89% vs 60%, P = 0.036).

Conclusion

Previously reported associations of dMMR were observed. The higher‐than‐expected proportion of patients with dMMR is likely driven by the inclusion of older patients in this real‐world study. Many patients were able to access immunotherapy prior to PBS listing, potentially through trials or access programs. Early uptake of pembrolizumab following PBS listing has been high, and this effective and well‐tolerated option has increased the proportion of elderly patients receiving active therapy.
Selecting Transfemoral Access or Upper Extremity Access for Renal Denervation Based on Vascular Morphology: Long‐term Results
Authors: Zuo Yujie , Dong Hui , Li Hongwu , Ma Wentao , Zou Yubao , Jiang Xiongjing
Published: November 2024

To evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of transfemoral access (TFA) versus upper extremity access (UEA) for renal denervation (RDN) based on vascular morphology. This study retrospectively enrolled patients with resistant hypertension who underwent RDN treatment via TFA and UEA (brachial, radial, and ulnar artery) at the Fuwai Hospital between February 2012 and November 2019. Follow‐up was conducted at 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years after RDN, and the last visit was June 2023. A total of 85 patients were enrolled, 58 (68.2%) of them were treated via TFA, and 27 patients (31.8%) via UEA. The fluoroscopy time was less in the TFA group (12.2 ± 5.7 min vs. 15.2 ± 7.2 min; p = 0.038). The procedure time (TFA group: 40.8 ± 14.9 min vs. UEA group: 38.6 ± 11.6 min; p = 0.506), contrast volume (TFA group: 78.2 ± 25.9 mL vs. UEA group: 91.9 ± 39.7 mL; p = 0.061) were similar between two groups, without procedure‐related complications. Fifty‐eight participants completed the last visit with a 3–12 year of follow‐up (9.5 ± 1.3 years). Compared with baseline, there were no significant differences in the change of office systolic blood pressure (−12.6 ± 21.6 mmHg vs. −13.1 ± 22.8 mmHg; p = 0.933), 24‐h mean systolic blood pressure (−11.9 ± 14.2 mmHg vs. −11.3 ± 15.3 mmHg; p = 0.899), the number of antihypertensive drugs, and renal function between two groups. There were three adverse events in the TFA group (3 of 58 patients, 5.2%) versus one (1 of 27 patients, 3.7%) in the UEA group, without a significant difference between the two groups. The study showed RDN via UEA was feasible using a special‐designed catheter, particularly in patients with illegal vascular morphology via TFA.
A special focus on polyadenylation and alternative polyadenylation in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Yeganeh Markid Tarlan , Pourahmadiyan Azam , Hamzeh Soroosh , Sharifi‐Bonab Mirmohsen , Asadi Mohamad Reza , Jalaiei Abbas , Rezazadeh Maryam , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh
Published: November 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are one of the prevailing conditions characterized by progressive neuronal loss. Polyadenylation (PA) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) are the two main post‐transcriptional events that regulate neuronal gene expression and protein production. This systematic review analyzed the available literature on the role of PA and APA in NDDs, with an emphasis on their contributions to disease development. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases. The search strategy was developed based on the framework introduced by Arksey and O'Malley and supplemented by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study selection was performed by two independent reviewers. Extraction and data organization were performed in accordance with the predefined variables. Subsequently, quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. Forty‐seven studies were included, related to a variety of NDDs, namely Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Disease induction was performed using different models, including human tissues, animal models, and cultured cells. Most investigations were related to PA, although some were related to APA or both. Amyloid precursor protein (APP), Tau, SNCA, and STMN2 were the major genes identified; most of the altered PA patterns were related to mRNA stability and translation efficiency. This review particularly underscores the key roles of PA and APA in the pathogenesis of NDDs through their mechanisms that contribute to gene expression dysregulation, protein aggregation, and neuronal dysfunction. Insights into these mechanisms may lead to new therapeutic strategies focused on the modulation of PA and APA activities. Further research is required to investigate the translational potential of targeting these pathways for NDD treatment.

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