bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Transcriptomic Biomarkers for Detection of the Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) MirCERA in Horses
Authors: Loup Benoit , André François , Leuenberger Nicolas , Marchand Alexandre , Barnabé Agnès , Delcourt Vivian , Garcia Patrice , Popot Marie‐Agnès , Bailly‐Chouriberry Ludovic
Published: September 2024

Detection and monitoring of biomarkers related to doping is particularly suitable for the development of analytical strategies dedicated to indirect detection of banned substances. Previous studies in horses have already allowed the investigation of transcriptomic biomarkers in equine blood associated with reGH and rHuEPO administrations. Our most recent developments continue to focus on the discovery and monitoring of transcriptomic biomarkers for the control of ESAs, and a collaborative study with WADA‐accredited doping control laboratories has recently been initiated to conduct a pilot study. In humans, three mRNAs (ALAS2, CA1, and SLC4A1) were previously observed to be differentially expressed after blood doping and were associated with immature red blood cells, the so‐called circulating reticulocytes. In horses, circulating reticulocytes are rarely observed even after rHuEPO administration. With the improved primers that detect the equine orthologues of the human mRNAs from the ALAS2, CA1, and SLC4A1 genes, we can now report the first evidence of the detection of the three biomarkers in equine blood. In addition, an upregulation of the mRNA levels of the three genes was observed after analysis of blood samples collected from MirCERA‐treated animals, with kinetics similar to those previously documented in humans. Our data suggest that ALAS2 and CA1 are promising indirect biomarkers for the detection of recombinant EPO abuse in horses, as observed in humans.
Soil Water Flow Affected by Vegetation Root Water Uptake in the Semiarid Region of Mu Us Sandy Land, China
Authors: Zhao Ming , Liu Jiaqi , Ma Yifan , Wang Shuxuan
Published: September 2024

Vegetation plays an important role in the management of water resources and of the terrestrial vegetation degradation in semiarid regions of China. Detailed descriptions of the actual hydrological process of vegetation root water uptake (RWU) are lacking, and the dynamics of interfaces involved in the process of RWU have not received enough attention. A field in situ experiment with bare land and vegetated land was implemented to investigate soil water flow in vadose zones affected by vegetation RWU. The results revealed that, with the influence of RWU, the soil moisture content was redistributed and impacted evaporation and infiltration; therefore, even the roots were driven to utilize groundwater under intense potential evapotranspiration and water stress. Notably, the thicker vadose zones were beneficial for preserving water resources for bare land, but Salix reduced soil water storage by 1191.13 L compared with bare land, which was adverse for water resource development in semiarid regions. The results provide the basis for the protection of the vegetation environment and water resource management in arid regions.
Remote sensing of temperature‐dependent mosquito and viral traits predicts field surveillance‐based disease risk
Authors: MacDonald Andrew J. , Hyon David , Sambado Samantha , Ring Kacie , Boser Anna
Published: September 2024

Mosquito‐borne diseases contribute substantially to the global burden of disease, and are strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Ongoing and rapid environmental change necessitates improved understanding of the response of mosquito‐borne diseases to environmental factors like temperature, and novel approaches to mapping and monitoring risk. Recent development of trait‐based mechanistic models has improved understanding of the temperature dependence of transmission, but model predictions remain challenging to validate in the field. Using West Nile virus (WNV) as a case study, we illustrate the use of a novel remote sensing‐based approach to mapping temperature‐dependent mosquito and viral traits at high spatial resolution and across the diurnal cycle. We validate the approach using mosquito and WNV surveillance data controlling for other key factors in the ecology of WNV, finding strong agreement between temperature‐dependent traits and field‐based metrics of risk. Moreover, we find that WNV infection rate in mosquitos exhibits a unimodal relationship with temperature, peaking at ~24.6–25.2°C, in the middle of the 95% credible interval of optimal temperature for transmission of WNV predicted by trait‐based mechanistic models. This study represents one of the highest resolution validations of trait‐based model predictions, and illustrates the utility of a novel remote sensing approach to predicting mosquito‐borne disease risk.
Sample Preservation Solution Increases Nucleic Acid Yield and Environmental RNA Quality in Sediments Across an Estuarine Salinity Gradient
Authors: Keneally Christopher , Gaget Virginie , Kidd Stephen P. , Brookes Justin D.
Published: September 2024

Environmental nucleic acid‐based assessments are powerful tools for understanding microbial ecology, and environmental degradation in aquatic environments. This approach is particularly useful in guiding restoration in estuaries, some of the most degraded ecosystems in the world. The recent popularity of this approach has been accompanied by a parallel increase in the diversity of applied methods. A range of best practice methods exist across the field that can be employed and are selected based on environmental considerations such as physicochemical gradients, maximizing yield, and quality of nucleic acids sampled across sites within a study area. A consistent approach to intra‐study nucleic acid sampling also ensures accurate comparison between those sites. This study evaluates environmental nucleic acid (eNA) sampling methods across salinity gradients in aquatic ecosystems, focusing on the impact of preservation techniques on environmental DNA (eDNA) yield and environmental RNA (eRNA) yield and quality. Fieldwork was conducted at three sites within the Coorong estuary system in South Australia, representing low salinity, marine, and hypersaline conditions. Snap freezing and LifeGuard preservation solution treatments were applied in situ to compare their effects on nucleic acid yields and eRNA integrity. Snap freezing enhanced eDNA yield in low salinity sediments but negatively impacted eRNA integrity in marine and hypersaline conditions. Conversely, treatment with preservation solution consistently improved both eDNA and eRNA recovery across all salinity levels, which makes this approach a good candidate for preserving eNA molecules across environmental gradients. The study underscores the necessity of tailoring sample preservation methods to specific environmental conditions for accurate eNA‐based microbial community assessments in coastal ecosystems. These findings contribute to the development of robust eNA sampling protocols for benthic communities under varying salinity conditions.
Damage mitigation strategies for progressive collapse of modular steel buildings following sudden corner module removal
Authors: Moeini Milad E. , Yekrangnia Mohammad , Alembagheri Mohammad
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates gravity‐induced progressive collapse performance and damage mitigation strategies in modular steel buildings (MSBs) A typical three‐dimensional six‐story structure was modeled and analyzed using the finite element method, focusing on the instantaneous removal of a corner module. The study includes a parametric evaluation of the influence of beam moment capacity on progressive collapse and investigates the effect of using concrete as an infill for square hollow section columns. Additionally, the effectiveness of short K‐shaped braces in limiting gravity‐induced collapse was assessed. A response/damage index (DI) was proposed to quantify the overall structural response. The findings indicate that semirigid beam‐column connections outperform fully rigid connections. Both concrete‐filled columns and K‐shaped braces mitigate structural damage, with K‐shaped braces proving more effective in preventing collapse. Although increasing the beam moment‐resisting capacity reduced the DI, improvements were marginal beyond 50% of the fully rigid connection capacity. Higher beam moment capacities reduced local vertical displacement at the corner joint but led to undesirable lateral deformations. Reducing beam rigidity/capacity by 25% mitigated global structural deformations. The optimal beam moment capacity was identified as 75% of the total section capacity when using concrete‐filled columns. K‐shaped braces applied at the column midpoint entirely prevented progressive gravity‐induced collapse and no lateral deformations were observed in braced structures with fully rigid beam‐column connections, unlike unbraced structures. Concrete‐filled columns offer a cost‐effective solution for preliminary production of MSBs, while K‐shaped braces are suitable for retrofitting existing buildings. Further research is necessary to address other parameters influencing the mitigation of progressive collapse in MSBs.
Post‐event seismic damage assessment of 2023 M6.2 Gansu Jishishan earthquake based on RED‐ACT system
Authors: Cheng Qingle , Wang Yawei , Dai Danqing , Xi Nan , Tian Yuan , Lu Xinzheng
Published: September 2024

In December 2023, a 6.2 magnitude earthquake struck Jishishan, Gansu Province. This study utilized the Real‐time Earthquake Damage Assessment using City‐scale Time‐history analysis (RED‐ACT) system to analyze the seismic damage caused by the event. The analysis included assessments of strong ground motion records, building damage, and human acceleration feeling. The results indicate the following: (1) The earthquake‐induced significant ground motion. The response spectrum at the 0–1.3 s period range is far above the 7° design‐based and maximum considered earthquake levels, and it also far exceeds the 9° maximum considered earthquake level. How to provide a more scientific and reasonable seismic design standard to ensure the anti‐collapse performance of buildings still requires further in‐depth research. (2) The RED‐ACT analysis results indicate that the destructive power of this earthquake was significant. The strong ground motions recorded near the epicenter could cause a certain number of buildings to collapse, with the collapsed buildings mainly being raw‐earth/wood structures and unreinforced masonry structures. The main damage states of buildings assessed correspond generally with the actual earthquake damage survey results. (3) The RED‐ACT system can provide assessment results of human feeling of acceleration at different locations, and the assessment results take into account the amplification effect of acceleration by different floors, which can provide a reference for post‐earthquake science popularization and for reducing post‐earthquake panic among the population.
Exercise training in left ventricular assist device patients: Protocol of an individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Kambič Tim , Feuerstein Anna , Tran Phuc Thien , Friede Tim , Edelmann Frank , Lainscak Mitja ,   ExTraLVAD Collaborators
Published: September 2024

Aims

Although left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation improves prognosis of advanced heart failure patients still suffer from impaired exercise capacity and quality of life (QoL). Exercise training may improve both; however, the available evidence about exercise training effects in LVAD patients remains inconclusive due to small and monocentric randomized controlled trials. This study aims to aggregate the individual participant data (IPD) to perform meta‐analysis on the safety and efficacy of exercise training on exercise capacity and QoL over standard care in LVAD patients.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials comparing exercise training and standard care (no supervised training) will be identified through database searching. Corresponding authors of eligible randomized controlled trials will be invited to share IPD. All IPD will be checked, recalculated to validate findings in initial reports, merged in a single dataset and stored in a secured encrypted database server. The merged IPD will be screened for quality, risk of bias, and heterogeneity of the included trials. Random effects meta‐analyses will be conducted using one‐stage and two‐stage approaches, in particular with a view to subgroup analyses.

Results

Based on findings of the individual randomized trials, we expected to obtain superior effects of exercise training on submaximal exercise capacity and QoL and similar effects on maximal aerobic capacity when compared with standard care.

Conclusions

Our study will be the first to harmonize IPD in meta‐analysis to demonstrate the effects of exercise training on exercise performance and QoL over standard care in LVAD patients.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023480119
Diagnosis of Abnormal Overcharge Internal Pressure in Lithium Battery Based on Physics‐Informed Neural Network's Residual Distribution
Authors: Luo Hangyu , Cai Tao , Yuan Aote , Liu Zhengchen
Published: September 2024

Changes in the internal pressure of lithium batteries often reflect the state of the batteries. Rapid diagnosis of abnormal internal pressure is importance for battery safety. This article proposes a battery overcharge internal pressure abnormality diagnosis method based on the detection of safety vent strain. First, this method establishes a multiphysical model between the strain of the battery's safety vent, surface temperature rise, and state of charge (SOC) under normal internal pressure. Second, a physics‐informed neural network is used to enhance the multiphysical model's accuracy. Third, the residual sequence generated from actual measurements and estimated values, along with an improved quartile range, is used to diagnose internal pressure abnormalities. Battery overcharge experiment results show that this method can diagnose internal pressure abnormalities within 260 s after overcharging and alarm. At this time, the battery has slight bulging, and the SOC is 102.1%. By conducting charging experiments under different conditions, the low false alarm rate of this method is only 0.575%. The proposed method can identify overcharging abnormalities before the lithium battery safety vent is opened, which greatly ensures the safe operation of the battery system.
Comparison of different solar dryers with and without heat storage for crop drying: A review
Authors: S. Monesh , Shankar Ashwin , Ezhilarasan S. , Tiwari Sumit , Sahdev Ravinder Kumar , Tiwari Prabhakar
Published: September 2024

Solar drying systems have proven to be cost‐effective and environmentally friendly for drying various products. An extensive investigation of solar dryers with different designs, applications, and operating principles is conducted. Compared to direct drying, solar drying improves product quality by lowering moisture content without compromising the original product's qualities. Solar dryers are of two types: passive solar dryers and active solar dryers. Passive‐mode solar dryers circulate air through natural convection, whereas active ones circulate air through forced convection. Crop‐affected design characteristics include crop sensitivity, cost and time available to dry the crop, crop moisture content, the level of drying required, and so on. A wide range of research has been carried out on the thermal modeling of the dryer, using different designs. This article also discussed and compared the drying performance of three basic solar dryers: direct solar dryer, dryer with PVT air collection, and phase change materials (PCM). Even though PCM dryers are more expensive and uncommon, their ability to speed up drying at night makes them impactful.
Research progress in processing technology of rabbit meat
Authors: Deng Yunjia , Nie Qing , Zhou Yanan , Wang Wei , Wu Zhoulin , Ji Lili , Zhang Jiamin , Zhou Decai
Published: September 2024

Rabbit meat is tender, high in protein, low in fat and cholesterol, and offers several nutritional benefits. However, it has a stronger taste and can be challenging to cook. The global rabbit industry has been developing steadily, and China's total rabbit meat production has exceeded half of the world's total production in 2021. Along with the progress of the production process, the meat of the nutrition and taste at the same time, to improve smell also can get better control, solved the problems met in rabbit meat production. This article discusses the attributes of rabbit meat and outlines the deodorization, texture adjustment, and water retention techniques currently used in rabbit meat processing, aiming to offer a theoretical foundation for the advancement of rabbit meat processing technology.
Deep Learning–Based Enhanced Optimization for Automated Rice Plant Disease Detection and Classification
Authors: Preethi P. , Swathika R. , Kaliraj S. , Premkumar R. , Yogapriya J.
Published: September 2024

Ensuring global food security necessitates innovative solutions for early detection and precise classification of diseases in staple crops like rice. This study introduces an advanced approach for automated rice plant disease detection and classification by integrating deep learning and metaheuristic optimization techniques. Specifically, a deep dense neural network (DNN) is employed for its capacity to capture intricate patterns in images and extreme learning machine (ELM) for classification. To enhance the optimization process, an innovative variant of the Shuffled Shepherd Optimization (SSO) algorithm, known as Enhanced Artificial Shuffled Shepherd Optimization (EASSO), is introduced. EASSO incorporates adaptive strategies and enhanced exploration–exploitation mechanisms, enabling more efficient convergence during the training of the DNN. The proposed system operates by processing high‐resolution images of rice plants through the DNN, extracting nuanced features indicative of various diseases, including blast, bacterial blight, and brown spots. EASSO optimizes the DNN's parameters, maximizing its accuracy in disease classification. The synergy between DNN and EASSO ensures a robust and adaptive model capable of handling diverse and complex disease patterns. This automated approach significantly reduces the reliance on manual inspection, enabling timely intervention and improving overall agricultural productivity. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the DNN‐EASSO framework over traditional methods, showcasing higher accuracy rates and faster convergence. The incorporation of Enhanced Artificial Shuffled Shepherd Optimization enhances the precision and reliability of disease classification, making this integrated system a valuable tool for farmers and agricultural practitioners. This research represents a significant stride toward sustainable agriculture, showcasing the potential of advanced technologies in ensuring food security worldwide.
Food safety in the Dominican Republic—The current situation and challenges in the public management system
Authors: Vargas Silvia J. R. , Sipes Patricia , Tortosa la Osa Silvia , Ebner Paul
Published: September 2024

The Dominican Republic, like other economically developing countries, has begun to shift national focus away from food security to concentrate on improving food safety and nutrition. The government of the Dominican Republic has promoted and implemented measures aimed at eradicating poverty and malnutrition and reducing the diseases that are a direct consequence of nutritional deficiencies. However, between 2013 and 2018, the Dominican Republic reported approximately 23,000 cases of foodborne illness annually. Additionally, the number of annual cases of acute diarrhea has increased to approximately 80,000 cases per year with a mortality rate (per 100,000 inhabitants) between 5.98 and 6.94. While the etiological agents responsible for these cases are often not identified, foodborne pathogens including Shigella, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, and Campylobacter have been isolated from food exported from the Dominican Republic as well as locally consumed foods. This review describes the status of food safety in the Dominican Republic. The review focuses on what is known regarding the etiological agents involved in foodborne disease outbreaks in the country, the impact of foodborne disease, measures the Dominican Republic government has taken to ensure the safety of both exported foods and foods consumed locally, barriers to improving food safety, as well as current and emerging food safety challenges.
On the health effects of curcumin and its derivatives
Authors: Ayub Hudda , Islam Mahad , Saeed Munnaza , Ahmad Husnat , Al‐Asmari Fahad , Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy , Alissa Mohammed , Arif Muhammad Adnan , Rana Muhammad Umair Jamil , Subtain Muhammad , Rahim Muhammad Abdul , Zongo Eliasse , Ahmad Nazir
Published: September 2024

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an herbaceous plant that contains a phytochemical which is bright yellow and is known as curcumin. Turmeric, a member of Zingiberaceae family, has extensive application worldwide due to its beneficial medicinal attributes and is extensively used as a medicinal plant. Most people use turmeric as a spice, and it is a chief source of polyphenol curcumin. Curcuma longa has therapeutic properties, and since the initial extraction of curcumin from this plant, it has gained prodigious consideration from scientists in the medical field. The biological properties of curcumin, also known as 1,7‐bis (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,6‐heptadiene‐3,5‐dione, or diferuloylmethane, include anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, anti‐cancer, anti‐asthmatic, anti‐arthritic, neuroprotective, anti‐diabetic, anti‐obesity, wound‐healing, hepatoprotective, skin curative, reproductive role, etc. This work has reviewed many clinical trials and their findings about these activities. The focus of this review manuscript is concentrated on the presently existing clinical and animal studies, which exposed the possible anti‐retroviral activities of curcumin and its by‐products.
Development of maize‐based instant porridge flour formulated using sweet lupine, orange‐fleshed sweet potato, and moringa leaf powder
Authors: Dessta Tsiyonemariam Nega , Terefe Zemenu Kerie
Published: September 2024

Malnutrition and food insecurity are major public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia. Because of an economic issue and information gap, developing countries' survival depends on foods rich in carbohydrates but deficient in protein and micronutrients. However, it is paramount to mix ingredients that complement different nutritional profiles to alleviate the problem of malnutrition. Hence, in this research, maize, orange‐fleshed sweet potato, sweet lupine, and moringa leaf powder composites were used to develop nutritious instant porridge flour through extrusion cooking. Formulations containing powdered maize, orange‐fleshed sweet potato, sweet lupine, and moringa leaf were developed in the following ratios: 100:0:0:0, 50:35:10:5, 45:30:15:10, and 40:25:20:15, respectively. A completely randomized design was used to determine the blending effect on the functional properties, proximate composition, minerals, and beta‐carotene content of formulated instant porridge flour. Whereas, a randomized complete block design was used for the organoleptic characteristics data. Accordingly, the addition of orange‐fleshed sweet potato, sweet lupine, and moringa leaf powder to maize‐based porridge showed a significant (p < .05) increase in bulk density (0.70 ± 0.02 to 0.74 ± 0.03), water solubility index (10.09 ± 0.08 to 14.16 ± 0.23), protein (9.00 ± 0.00 to 21.10 ± 0.02), ash (1.43 ± 0.07 to 3.36 ± 0.08), fiber (1.55 ± 0.05 to 3.21 ± 0.01), fat (3.37 ± 0.02 to 5.37 ± 0.07), energy (370.89 ± 0.70 to 400.53 ± 0.65), vitamin A (0.00 to 41.00 ± 1.55), iron (3.49 ± 0.02 to 9.58 ± 0.29), zinc (2.89 ± 0.01 to 3.62 ± 0.06), and calcium (40.49 ± 0.42 to 113.34 ± 0.52) contents. However, water absorption index (4.76 ± 0.01 to 3.84 ± 0.01), moisture (8.50 ± 0.08 to 5.60 ± 0.04), and carbohydrate (76.11 ± 0.22 to 66.94 ± 0.02) content were decreased as a result of blending proportion compared to maize porridge (control). Formulated instant maize‐based porridge prepared from 50% maize, 35% orange‐fleshed sweet potato, 10% sweet lupine, and 5% moringa leaf powder scored the highest (above 4 out of 5 in a 5‐point hedonic scale) in all sensory attributes. In conclusion, the addition of orange‐fleshed sweet potato, sweet lupine flour, and moringa leaf powder has improved both macro‐ and micronutrients. Therefore, the development of nutritious maize‐based instant porridge formulated from readily available and underutilized crops can be achieved by extrusion cooking that helps to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition and food insecurity.
Evaluation of the effect of tartrazine on the offspring rats in an in vivo experimental model
Authors: Öztürk Osman , Dikici Yusuf , Gür Öznur , Ocak Mert , Doğanyiğit Züleyha , Okan Aslı , Arıkan Söylemez Evrim Suna , Ateş Şükrü , Uçar Sümeyye , Unal Mustafa , Yılmaz Seher
Published: September 2024

Tartrazine, an azo dye prevalent in pharmaceuticals and food items, was investigated for its impact on fetal development, specifically examining visceral and skeletal abnormalities in rat offspring exposed to daily oral doses throughout pregnancy. Fourteen pregnant rats were randomly assigned to control and tartrazine groups (seven animals each), with tartrazine administered via oral gavage at 7.5 mg/kg throughout gestation. Offspring were categorized by gender for histopathological and genetic analysis of visceral structures. Bone quality and fracture resistance assessments involved micro‐CT, Raman spectroscopy, and biomechanical testing. Results highlighted distinct internal organ tissue differences in the tartrazine group, notably increased hemorrhagic and inflammatory cell infiltration, degeneration, and vacuolization compared to controls. Gender‐specific alterations in mRNA levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and TRPM2 genes (p < .001) were also noted. Moreover, tartrazine‐exposed groups exhibited reduced trabecular thickness, bone volume, and significant alterations in bone matrix composition and quality alongside significant decreases in fracture resistance (p < 0.05). This study concludes that intrauterine exposure to tartrazine can result in adverse impacts on organ and bone development in rat offspring.
Ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of nanocellulose from sweet potato residue and its application in noodles
Authors: Gao Xueli , Li Guanghui , Wang Yonghui , Guo Weiyun , He Shenghua , Huang Jihong
Published: September 2024

Enhancing the amount of dietary fiber without compromising the quality of noodles remains a challenge in the food industry. This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound‐assisted extraction parameters to enhance the yield of nanocellulose from sweet potato residue (SPR) using a response surface methodology. The impact of SPR nanocellulose on noodles' physicochemical properties was also explored. Results showed that the optimal extraction conditions for nanocellulose from SPR were identified as 180.73 U/mL cellulase concentration, 4.28 h ultrasonic time, 444.12 W ultrasonic power, and 14.17 h enzymatic hydrolysis time. The max yield of nanocellulose was 15.93% at optimum extraction conditions. Increasing the amount of SPR nanocellulose resulted in a reduction in the optimal cooking time, water absorption, elongation index, and springiness, as well as an increase in the breaking rate, cooking loss, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the noodles. Sensory analysis revealed higher acceptability of the noodles with 6%–12% SPR nanocellulose compared to other treatments. Microstructure demonstrated that noodles with 0%–18% SPR nanocellulose exhibited fewer holes and denser network structures, but higher SPR nanocellulose damaged the protein network. Those findings suggested that noodles with less than 12% SPR nanocellulose exhibited higher quality. This research provided the foundation for the development of nanocellulose‐enriched foods.
Alterations in quality characteristics and bioactive compounds of blackberry fruits subjected to postharvest salicylic acid treatment during cold storage
Authors: Sakaldaş Mustafa , Şen Fatih , Gundogdu Muttalip , Aglar Erdal
Published: September 2024

Blackberry deteriorates rapidly after harvest due to its sensitive structure, limiting their storage time to about a week and resulting in significant economic losses. The study was conducted to determine the effects of salicylic acid applications on postharvest fruit quality in blackberries, the harvested fruit was immersed in salicylic acid solutions prepared at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM for 15 min. Measurements and analyses such as weight loss, decay rate, soluble solids contents (SSC), pH, acidity, respiration rate, vitamin C, organic acids, and phenolic compounds were performed on fruits stored for 12 days with intervals of 4 days. Applying salicylic acid to fruits resulted in significantly less weight loss and decay rate. Salicylic acid application was effective in increasing SSC rate and decreasing titratable acidity with increasing storage time, and lower SSC and higher titratable acidity were measured with this application. Salicylic acid maintained organic acids and vitamin C postharvest. The decreases in individual phenolic compound levels occurred with extended storage time. Salicylic acid application generally was effective in maintaining concentrations of phenolic compounds during storage, and it was found to be effective on fruit quality, with effectiveness varying depending on application dosage. The study identified 1.5 mM as the most effective dosage of salicylic acid, which could be utilized to maintain postharvest quality and extend cold storage in blackberries.
Dynamic evolution of frontal‐temporal network connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy: A magnetoencephalography study
Authors: Liu Xinyan , Han Jiaqi , Zhang Xiating , Zhou Qilin , Huang Zhaoyang , Wang Yuping , Zhang Jicong , Lin Yicong
Published: September 2024

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) frequently involves an intricate, extensive epileptic frontal‐temporal network. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between temporal and frontal regions and the dynamic patterns of the frontal‐temporal network in TLE patients with different disease durations. The magnetoencephalography data of 36 postoperative seizure‐free patients with long‐term follow‐up of at least 1 year, and 21 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects were included in this study. Patients were initially divided into LONG‐TERM (n = 18, DURATION >10 years) and SHORT‐TERM (n = 18, DURATION ≤10 years) groups based on 10‐year disease duration. For reliability, supplementary analyses were conducted with alternative cutoffs, creating three groups: 0 < DURATION ≤7 years (n = 11), 7 < DURATION ≤14 years (n = 11), and DURATION >14 years (n = 14). This study examined the intraregional phase‐amplitude coupling (PAC) between theta phase and alpha amplitude across the whole brain. The interregional directed phase transfer entropy (dPTE) between frontal and temporal regions in the alpha and theta bands, and the interregional cross‐frequency directionality (CFD) between temporal and frontal regions from the theta phase to the alpha amplitude were further computed and compared among groups. Partial correlation analysis was conducted to investigate correlations between intraregional PAC, interregional dPTE connectivity, interregional CFD, and disease duration. Whole‐brain intraregional PAC analyses revealed enhanced theta phase‐alpha amplitude coupling within the ipsilateral temporal and frontal regions in TLE patients, and the ipsilateral temporal PAC was positively correlated with disease duration (r = 0.38, p <.05). Interregional dPTE analyses demonstrated a gradual increase in frontal‐to‐temporal connectivity within the alpha band, while the direction of theta‐band connectivity reversed from frontal‐to‐temporal to temporal‐to‐frontal as the disease duration increased. Interregional CFD analyses revealed that the inhibitory effect of frontal regions on temporal regions gradually increased with prolonged disease duration (r = −0.36, p <.05). This study clarified the intrinsic reciprocal connectivity between temporal and frontal regions with TLE duration. We propose a dynamically reorganized triple‐stage network that transitions from balanced networks to constrained networks and further develops into imbalanced networks as the disease duration increases.
Evaluating the reduction of elective radiotherapy fields for de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the immunotherapy era
Authors: Jin Ting , Li Pei‐Jing , Jin Qi‐Feng , Hua Yong‐Hong , Chen Xiao‐Zhong
Published: September 2024

Background

This study evaluates the outcomes of omitting the high‐ and low‐risk clinical tumor volume (CTV1 and CTV2) radiation in de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (dnm‐NPC) patients in the immunotherapy era.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 45 consecutive dnm‐NPC patients receiving chemotherapy and immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy (CIR) from October 9, 2018 to June 1, 2022. Irradiation was only delivered to the primary tumor and retropharyngeal nodes (GTVnx+rn) and gross cervical lymph nodes (GTVnd).

Results

The median follow‐up was 45 (range, 15–67) months. There was no recurrence in the omitted elective regions. The 36‐month LRRFS, PFS, and OS were 95.4%, 44.6%, and 90.8%, respectively. The main grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities were neutropenia (42.2%), anemia (20.0%), and thrombocytopenia (13.3%). The incidence of acute grade 3/4 dermatitis, mucositis, and xerostomia were 4.4%, 8.9%, and 4.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

Omitting CTV1 and CTV2 was well‐tolerated and provided favorable clinical outcomes in the era of immunotherapy.
Axial split step osteotomy of free iliac crest flaps for mandible reconstruction: Preliminary results
Authors: Yi Shu , Lyu Xiaoming , Wang Wei , Huang Mingwei , Liu Shuming , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2024

Background

Vascularized bone grafting (VBG) is preferred for mandibular reconstruction post‐tumor ablation. Although various bone‐free flaps are used, their application is compromised by limitations including insufficient bone volume and poor shape. Here, we report mandibular reconstruction using axial split‐step osteotomy with an iliac crest‐free flap.

Methods

Over December 2018–November 2020, 12 patients underwent mandibular reconstruction via axial split osteotomy using a free iliac‐crest flap.

Results

The preoperative iliac‐crest length was 5.7–9.5 mm (median, 7.5 cm); the mean post‐axial split‐osteotomy iliac‐crest length increased to 9.59 mm (range, 6.34–15.15 mm). All patients presented with initial healing 2 weeks postoperation; good bone healing was achieved in all grafted flaps by the third month of follow‐up.

Conclusions

We propose a new axial split‐step osteotomy technique using free iliac‐crest flaps for mandibular reconstruction. We demonstrated this novel technique's reliability for safe and effective bone lengthening and establishing a reliable occlusal relationship.
NUP98 oncofusions in myeloid malignancies: An update on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Rasouli Milad , Troester Selina , Grebien Florian , Goemans Bianca F. , Zwaan C. Michel , Heidenreich Olaf
Published: September 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with a heterogeneous molecular landscape. In the pediatric context, the NUP98 gene is a frequent target of chromosomal rearrangements that are linked to poor prognosis and unfavorable treatment outcomes in different AML subtypes. The translocations fuse NUP98 to a diverse array of partner genes, resulting in fusion proteins with novel functions. NUP98 fusion oncoproteins induce aberrant biomolecular condensation, abnormal gene expression programs, and re‐wired protein interactions which ultimately cause alterations in the cell cycle and changes in cellular structures, all of which contribute to leukemia development. The extent of these effects is steered by the functional domains of the fusion partners and the influence of concomitant somatic mutations. In this review, we discuss the complex characteristics of NUP98 fusion proteins and potential novel therapeutic approaches for NUP98 fusion‐driven AML.
Awareness and use of the Eat Smart Play Smart resources in Out of School Hours Care services: A staff survey in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Patel Linda , Hammersley Megan L. , Furber Susan , Norman Jennifer , Ryan Sarah T. , Crowe Ruth , Woods Andrew J. , Probst Yasmine C. , Stanley Rebecca M. , Taylor Lauren , Okely Anthony D.
Published: September 2024

Issue Addressed

Out of School Hours Care (OSHC) is an important setting to promote healthy eating and physical activity. Between 2017 and 2018, The Eat Smart Play Smart (ESPS) resources were disseminated to OSHC services across New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness and usability of ESPS to support OSHC healthy eating and physical activity practices.

Methods

All NSW OSHC services (approximately 1700) were invited to complete an online survey to assess awareness and use of the ESPS resources (manual and online modules). Data were analysed using SPSS (Version 29).

Results

A total of 393 OSHC staff responded to the survey. Most (75%) had used the ESPS resources. Of the 25% who had not used the resources, 63% indicated it was because they did not receive the manual and 52% were not aware of the resources. Of the OSHC services that knew about the resources, 69% indicated that ESPS contributed to their service's ability to meet the Australian National Quality Standards. Respondents identified additional support was required regarding physical activity educational materials and professional learning. Suggestions for improvements included offering content in different formats (e.g., digital).

Conclusion

This evaluation identified factors influencing the uptake of the ESPS resources and will inform future interventions for OSHC staff to improve knowledge and practices in healthy eating and physical activity promotion.

So What?

Our findings will support the optimisation of ESPS resources and inform future development of future healthy eating and physical activity interventions in the OSHC setting.
Depressed “ping pong” skull fractures in the newborns: A cohort study
Authors: Qudsieh Suhair M. A. , Al Barbarawi Mohammed M. , Altal Omar F. , Barbarawi Ala M. Al , Al‐Zoubi Raed M. , Al Zoubi Mazhar S.
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

A ping pong fracture is a rare depressed skull fracture (DSF) observed in infants. It occurs due to the inward buckling of the calvarium, creating a cup‐like shape. Trauma during childbirth, particularly from instrumental delivery or the application of pressure by physicians or midwives during challenging deliveries, is the primary cause. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics associated with DSF in newborns and to identify the main factors related to its incidence and the type of hematoma involved.

Methods

This is a retrospective case‐control analysis of all newborns delivered with DSF at King Abdulla University Hospital in Jordan between January 2008 and December 2020. The medical records were reviewed, and clinical data were collected and analyzed.

Results

Out of 42,955 live births delivered at King Abdulla University Hospital, 13 cases of DSF were observed, giving an incidence of 3.0 in 10,000 live births. All cases were delivered at full term. Of the 13 cases, nine cases were associated with the use of instrumental delivery. Seven of those nine cases were delivered vaginally, while the other two cases required cesarean section following unsuccessful instrumental delivery. Four cases were spontaneous, with no history of trauma or instrument use, and delivered by cesarean section. Only 3 of the 13 cases required neurosurgical elevation of DSF. The outcome was excellent in all cases, both cosmetically and neurologically.

Conclusion

Ping‐pong skull fractures are seen in newborns infrequently in the Jordanian population, with an incidence of 0.03%. Most of the cases have resulted from difficult deliveries though spontaneous fractures can be encountered rarely. The treatment is usually conservative with spontaneous resolution. The overall prognosis is excellent both neurologically and cosmically.
Phenotypic and genotypic identification of class C and D β‐lactamases in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mohammadnezhad Nahid , Nazari Maryam , Mostafavi Seyyed Khalil Shokouhi , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Khademi Farzad
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

The emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) antibiotic resistance is an important public health problem worldwide that can negatively affect infection control. Therefore, obtaining knowledge about antibiotic resistance mechanisms is necessary for infection control policies. This study aimed to determine the frequency of class C and D β‐lactamases in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients referred to Ardabil hospitals using phenotypic and genotypic tests.

Methods

Phenotypic detection of β‐lactamases including AmpC cephalosporinase, oxacillinase (OXA)‐type extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases (ESBLs), and OXA‐type carbapenemases were performed using the disk diffusion‐based methods. Amplification of genes encoding classes C (ampC and FOX genes) and D (OXA‐1, OXA‐2, OXA‐10, OXA‐23, and OXA‐48 genes) β‐lactamases was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) method was used to determine the expression level of the ampC gene among multiple drug‐resistant and imipenem‐resistant P. aeruginosa strains.

Results

In phenotypic tests, the prevalence of AmpC cephalosporinase, OXA‐type ESBLs, and OXA‐type carbapenemases were 52.5%, 7.2%, and 95.8%, respectively. In genotypic tests, the prevalence of ampC, FOX, OXA‐1, OXA‐2, OXA‐10, OXA‐23, and OXA‐48 genes were 100%, 0%, 4.3%, 60.8%, 42%, 29.7%, and 2.9%, respectively. In addition, the ampC gene overexpression was seen in 16 (33.3%) drug‐resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates.

Conclusion

Given the presence of class C and D β‐lactamases in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Ardabil hospitals, early detection of these strains can help prevent the spread of resistant strains in hospital environments and subsequent treatment failure.
Metaverse and its impact on medical education and health care system: A narrative review
Authors: Ghaempanah Faezeh , Moasses Ghafari Bahar , Hesami Darya , Hossein Zadeh Reza , Noroozpoor Rashin , Moodi Ghalibaf AmirAli , Hasanabadi Parsa
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

The metaverse has enormous potential in health care, continuously developing and offering innovative solutions by combining artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR), Internet of Medical Devices, and quantum computing technologies. In addition to using virtual platforms to help and boost medical education, familiarity with this platform is necessary to strengthen medical skills and communication with patients in medical sciences in the future.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search using keywords and their MeSH synonyms, including “metaverse,” “medical education,” and “health care,” across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. After screening the results, relevant articles were selected to inform the writing of this manuscript.

Results

The metaverse is shaping the future of medical sciences, offering new opportunities for health education, advocacy training, and patient outcome improvement. The combination of real and virtual worlds may advance international relations, facilitate data sharing, increase medical care speed, and reduce infectious diseases. The metaverse, despite its benefits, has some limitations. Only 37% of 15−24‐year‐olds have internet access, and AR/VR glasses are expensive and may cause eye discomfort. It is also a potential risk for medical students, who may need help understanding the limitations of simulations and develop unrealistic expectations. Considering the metaverse as a supplement to clinical practice, not a replacement for supervised training, is crucial. Ethical concerns, data security, privacy, and lack of instructions for education are also issues. However, providing information about the metaverse can increase health care workers' attribution to use it for patient examinations, students' education, and tests.

Conclusion

This paper explores the impact of the metaverse on medical science education and underscores the need to integrate the metaverse into all areas of medical sciences as a supplement to existing evidence.
Unraveling tea and coffee consumption effects on cardiovascular diseases risk factors: A narrative review
Authors: Setia Santoso Laurentia Fidella Averina , Nasr Kristina , Roumani Adam Maamar , Abou Zeid Hadi Khaled , Dabbous Mohammed Shawki
Published: September 2024

Backgrounds and Aims

Daily lifestyle plays a vital role in modifying the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Our daily life isn't inseparable from nutrition intake. As such, tea and coffee are often regarded as the most consumed beverages worldwide. There have been a lot of debates on the adverse effects and benefits of consuming these popular beverages. This comprehensive review explores the different types of tea and coffee and their mechanism of action. It delves deeper into their roles in reducing CVD risk, aiding CVD recovery, lowering CVD mortality, and their varying effects across populations and regions.

Methods

An extensive literature search was conducted on PubMed. Relevant articles were identified through cross‐referencing and manual searches. Excluded from the study were commentaries, case reports, clinical vignettes, and non‐English articles.

Results

Tea and coffee contain varying levels of caffeine and other bioactive compounds with cardioprotective effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, and more. Genetic factors further modulate their effects. Tea flavonoids benefit cholesterol, blood pressure, and endothelial function, while coffee constituents impact oxidative stress, metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and gut flora. Moderate consumption of both beverages may offer cardiovascular benefits, but outcomes vary depending on populations and conditions. Tea and coffee consumption may influence CVD recovery by reducing mortality and improving survival, however, it must be noted that it has the potential to be harmful to some individuals.

Conclusion

Evidence suggests that moderate consumption of these beverages may be linked to reduced cardiovascular mortality, although individual characteristics and pre‐existing conditions can influence outcomes. Excessive caffeine consumption, found in both beverages, may pose risks such as arrhythmias, hypertension, and cardiovascular mortality in CVD patients, with a dose‐dependent nature. Future research should delve into mechanisms, genetic factors, and diverse cultural impacts of its use. Health care providers should consider individual characteristics when advising on tea and coffee consumption in the context of cardiovascular health.