bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Description to Explanation: Integrating Across Multiple Levels of Analysis to Inform Neuroscientific Accounts of Dimensional Personality Pathology
Authors: Allen Timothy A. , Schreiber Alison M. , Hall Nathan T. , Hallquist Michael N.
Published: October 2020

Dimensional approaches to psychiatric nosology are rapidly transforming the way researchers and clinicians conceptualize personality pathology, leading to a growing interest in describing how individuals differ from one another. Yet, in order to successfully prevent and treat personality pathology, it is also necessary to explain the sources of these individual differences. The emerging field of personality neuroscience is well-positioned to guide the transition from description to explanation within personality pathology research. However, establishing comprehensive, mechanistic accounts of personality pathology will require personality neuroscientists to move beyond atheoretical studies that link trait differences to neural correlates without considering the algorithmic processes that are carried out by those correlates. We highlight some of the dangers we see in overpopulating personality neuroscience with brain-trait associational studies and offer a series of recommendations for personality neuroscientists seeking to build explanatory theories of personality pathology.
Multilateralism 2.0: It Is Here—Are We Ready for It?
Authors: Kaul Inge
Published: October 2020

This article argues that one of the key questions—or even the key question—of our times is how to foster enhanced compatibility between national policy-making sovereignty and effective multilateral cooperation. There are multiple reasons for this. First, given the growing importance of global public good-type policy challenges and the rising trend toward multipolarity, the relationships among countries are now de facto marked by universal multilateralism. International cooperation is no longer only an option, as it conventionally was (especially for the major powers), but a compulsion. This new, binding type of multilateralism is called here “multilateralism 2.0” to distinguish it from the conventional, more optional type of multilateralism. Second, necessary systematic reforms to make global governance fit for the new reality of multilateralism 2.0 are still lacking, because states value their sovereignty. However, a persuasive reform vision and reform leadership have not yet emerged; currently, uncertainty exists about how to have both sovereignty and effective cooperation. The world is experiencing a “Kindleberger moment”: crisis and no leadership. Accordingly, this article offers concrete suggestions on possible ways forward. It suggests that the most important and urgent reform is to forge consensus on a new principle: the “dual-compatibility principle” calling for a commitment of states to (i) more sovereignty-compatible multilateral cooperation and (ii) an exercise of national policy-making sovereignty that is more compatible with multilateral cooperation. To clearly see the critical importance of this principle, a prior, eminently doable reform step is needed: widening the analytical lens of multilateralism to capture both the “real” and the “political” sides of this phenomenon and to recognize that the former is, in effect, the independent variable and the latter the dependent one.
When observational studies can give wrong answers: the potential of immortal time bias
Authors: Dekkers Olaf M , Groenwold Rolf H H
Published: October 2020

Immortal time bias should always be considered in an observational study if exposure status is determined based on a measurement or event that occurs after baseline. This bias can lead to an overestimation of an effect, but also to an underestimation, which is explained. Several approaches are illustrated that can be used to avoid immortal time bias in the analysis phase of the study; a time-dependent analysis to avoid immortal time bias optimizes the use of available information.
Limited efficacy of lenvatinib in heavily pretreated anaplastic thyroid cancer: a French overview
Authors: Sparano Clotilde , Godbert Yann , Attard Marie , Do Cao Christine , Zerdoud Slimane , Roudaut Nathalie , Joly Charlotte , Berdelou Amandine , Hadoux Julien , Lamartina Livia , Schlumberger Martin , Leboulleux Sophie
Published: October 2020

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare lethal disease. Lenvatinib is an off-label therapeutic option for ATC in most countries, except in Japan. The aim of this multicenter retrospective survey was to analyze the efficacy and the toxicity profile of off-label lenvatinib treatment in all adults advanced ATC patients, in France. Of the 23 patients analysed (14 males; mean age 64 years), 15 were pure ATC and 8 were mixed tumors (i.e. with a differentiated or poorly differentiated component). Prior treatments included neck external beam irradiation in 74%, at least one line of chemotherapy in 22 cases, two lines of chemotherapy in 11 patients, other TKI in 4 cases. A central RECIST assessment was performed. Since lenvatinib initiation, median PFS was 2.7 months (95% CI; 1.9–3.5) and median OS was 3.1 months (95% CI; 0.6–5.5). OS was significantly longer in case of mixed tumors compared with pure ATC (6.3 vs 2.7 months, P = 0.026). Best tumor response was partial response in two cases and stable disease in seven. Clinical improvement was achieved in seven patients. Lethal adverse events occurred in three patients, consisting in haemoptysis in two cases and pneumothorax in one case. Among long-surviving ATC patients (>6 months), four underwent biopsy of distant metastasis, revealing poorly differentiated histology; three of them had initial mixed ATC histology. Efficacy of lenvatinib appears limited, although pure vs mixed ATC disclose differences in disease aggressiveness and treatment response. Long-surviving ATC patients might benefit from biopsy of persistent disease, searching for histological transition or molecular target.
Blastomere removal affects homeostatic control leading to obesity in male mice
Authors: Kotlarska Magdalena , Winiarczyk Dawid , Florek Wiesława , Ziętek Marta , Pęczkowicz-Szyszka Jolanta , Stankiewicz Adrian Mateusz , Starzyński Rafał Radosław , Arena Roberta , Drago Gaspare , Sampino Silvestre , Modlinski Jacek Andrzej
Published: October 2020

Preimplantation embryos are particularly vulnerable to environmental perturbations, including those related to assisted reproductive technologies. Invasive embryo manipulations, such as blastomere biopsy, are applied worldwide in clinical settings for preimplantation genetic testing. Mouse models have previously shown that blastomere biopsy may be associated with altered phenotypes in adult offspring. The aim of the present study was to investigate the specific contribution of blastomere removal to the physiological, behavioral, and molecular regulators of energy homeostasis, as compared to sham manipulation (re-introducing the blastomere into the embryo after its removal) and in vitro culture. Mice derived from 8-cell embryos subjected to blastomere removal displayed: (i) higher body weight and adiposity, (ii) increased food intake and sucrose preference, (iii) decreased time of immobility in the tail suspension test, and (iv) resistance to weight loss after social isolation or following 3 days of physical exercise – compared to mice derived from sham biopsy or from in vitro-cultured embryos. Mice generated after blastomere removal also had increased circulating leptin and leptin gene expression in adipose tissue, as well as increased ghrelin receptor gene expression in the hypothalamus, compared to control mice. The effects of blastomere biopsy on offspring phenotype were sexually dimorphic, with females not being affected. These results indicate that blastomere deprivation, rather than other perturbations of the blastomere biopsy procedure, programs male embryos to develop physiological, behavioral, and molecular dysregulation of energy homeostasis, leading to postnatal obesity.
Poverty and conflict in Thailand’s Deep South
Authors: Boonyamanond Sawarai , Chaiwat Papusson
Published: October 2020

Thailand’s so-called Deep South has experienced much deadly violence since the early 2000s. This article investigates its determining factors in the context of the larger civil unrest/civil war literature—work on Southeast Asia being sparse and work on Thailand almost non-existent. The focus is on 37 sub-provincial districts of four of Thailand’s 77 provinces covering the years from 2012 to 2019. Centering on descriptive statistics with additional panel regressions, it is found that reduced poverty incidence, increased educational attainment for males, and increased district-level per capita income are all associated with reduced conflict intensity (a smaller number of conflict-related deaths). In contrast, ethno-religious backgrounds and certain geographic features are not associated with either increases or decreases in conflict-related deaths.
Fundamentos para pronosticar una serie de tiempo estacionaria con información de su propio pasado
Authors: Bazán Ramírez Wilfredo
Published: October 2020

Since market behavior is volatile, this research intends to help investors and business organizations make forecasts with certainty and, as a consequence, with the least possible error in order to succeed in the management of their projects and operations. Elements such as inflation rate, exchange rate, stock prices, economic and financial results, sales, among other variables, are causes of concern for investors. Due to their data structure, these financial instruments correspond to time series, which take values or realizations along time and are spaced over time. The previous behavior of the series is used to forecast its value, return and volatility. It must be taken into consideration that forecasting using traditional techniques might result in imprecisions, so it is necessary to forecast using econometric models because of their robustness and precision. These are also known as univariate time series models.
Sistema de mitigación de polvo de mineral de hierro en el área de chancado del sector de San Nicolás-Marcona
Authors: Yabar Baños Carlos , Aramburú Rojas Vidal , Tinoco Ángeles Félix
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación es demostrar la disminución en la polución ambiental y exposición ocupacional mediante la sistematización del proceso de mitigación de polvo de hierro en el área de chancado del sector de beneficio San Nicolás de la empresa minera Shougang Hierro Perú S. A. A. El estudio se desarrolló bajo la metodología de tipo aplicativo, llegándose a demostrar, mediante monitoreo ambiental de partículas suspendidas, la relación causal entre polución ambiental y exposición ocupacional. Con una muestra de 15 trabajadores, se logró medir la percepción de disminución de la polución ambiental con un enfoque cuantitativo y un procesamiento de datos con el método de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Los resultados reflejan que el promedio del nivel de influencia del esquema de mitigación de polvo de mineral de hierro es significativo, a un nivel de confianza del 95% y significancia del 5%; en tal sentido, el sistema es eficiente para la reducción hasta el límite máximo permisible de calidad ambiental actual (500 µg/m3), el límite de la exposición ocupacional a partículas de polvo respirable (3.2 mg/m3) y de polvo inhalable (13 mg/m3). Luego de los monitoreos ambientales y ocupacionales respectivos, se pudo lograr un límite máximo permisible de calidad ambiental menor a 220 µg/m3, un límite ocupacional de partículas de polvo respirable de 2.2 mg/m3 y de polvo inhalable de 9.2 mg/m3 en el área de chancado del sector de beneficio San Nicolás. Así, se concluye que el sistema de mitigación de polvo de hierro es eficiente para minimizarlo en la planta indicada.
An Interpolation from Avicenna’s The Canon of Medicine in the Ruthenian Translation of The Secret of Secrets
Authors: Temchin Sergei
Published: October 2020

The Ruthenian translation of the medieval treatise Secretum Secretorum (“The Secret of Secrets”) was made in Kiev during the second half of the 15th century from a Hebrew version that dates back to late 13th‒early 14th centuries, when it was translated from the Arabic original, which probably originated in its final form during the 10th century. The Ruthenian translation contains certain interpolations that had been already present in the Hebrew version before it was translated into Ruthenian. They had been extracted from several Arabic and Hebrew sources, such as the treatise Al-Mansuri by Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyā al-Rāzī (865‒925) and the treatises On Poisons, On Coitus, and On Asthma by Maimonides (1135/1138‒1204).The author argues that the same Ruthenian translation also contains a minor (one-page long) interpolation that through Hebrew mediation goes back to The Canon of Medicine written in Arabic by Avicenna (980‒1037). It is still to be established which of the seven known Medieval Hebrew translations and/or the around 30 commentaries on it (all unpublished) was used as the immediate source for the Kievan translation. Nevertheless, the newly identified Arabic origin of this particular interpolation to the Ruthenian version of the treatise The Secret of Secrets sheds some light on the prehistory of this particular text’s portion and compliments the list of sources used by the Hebrew-to-Ruthenian translators in Kiev during the second half of the 15th century.
A Typological Classification of Cyrillic Manuscripts Containing Texts from Piotr Skarga’s Book Żywoty Świętych
Authors: Sapozhnikova Galina
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the typological classification of manuscripts containing Ruthenian and Church Slavonic translations of the extensive Polish book Żywoty świętych written by the Jesuit Piotr Skarga. Unlike the Polish original, these translations have not been studied extensively and represent a specific part of Cyrillic writing of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland. The objectives of the article are to show (1) what types of manuscripts did the translated texts from the book of the lives of Piotr Skarga fall into and to answer (2) which manuscripts contain a higher concentration of the translations. The data from special works on this topic were taken into account; the list of sources known from these works was significantly expanded. Most of the manuscripts were examined de visu. A description of the content has been prepared for each manuscript, the identified translations are included in the compiled consolidated catalog of such translations, and the results obtained were verified by comparing them with the lists of translated texts available in the studies. Both the internal structure and the content of the manuscripts in question made it possible to distinguish six typological groups, namely, miscellanies of the lives from Żywoty Świętych, miscellanies with mixed content, miscellanies of the Menaion type, the Festal Homiliary (Torzhestvennik), Didactic Gospels, and Synaxarion (Prologue). Apart from the unique miscellany containing nothing more than Cyrillic versions of hagiographical texts from Skarga’s Żywoty Świętych, the greatest concentration of these translations is attested in the Menaion type of miscellanies, which are structurally quite close to their printed Polish source.
Russian and Polish Grammars of the 18th Century as Textbooks on Language Theory
Authors: Kozhinowa Alla
Published: October 2020

The article presents Russian and Polish grammarians’ points of view (Vasily Adodurov, Mikhail Lomonosov, Anton Barsov, Walenty Szylarski, Onufry Kopczyński) on considering language theory issues and how they described them in their works written in the 18th and early 19th centuries.

The grammars under consideration were aimed not only at a detailed description of the Russian and Polish languages or teaching the correct language usage; in addition, they contained some theoretical information given in a manner that is comparable with modern linguistic knowledge. That information lay in the field of linguistic typology. It was also assumed that a language could acquire communicative, cognitive, nominative, and poetic functions (the appropriate terms were not used at that time). Besides, the issues concerning the forms of language existence – written and oral, as well as the dicho­tomy of language and speech, the nature of a language sign, including the ideas about its arbitrariness, its semantics and pragmatics were raised. Additionally, interesting discussions about sign relations at the phonetic-phonological language level, as well as some ideas of functional syntax were initiated. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that the grammars of the 18th century were a reflection of the historical situation in which this grammatical research was done.
Birutė Jasiūnaitė. Lietuvių velniavardžiai. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2018. 312 p. ISBN 978-609-07-0090-7
Authors: Konickaja Jelena , Stundžienė Bronė
Published: October 2020

Birutė Jasiūnaitė. Lietuvių velniavardžiai. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2018. 312 p. ISBN 978-609-07-0090-7.
Sustainability Issues of Business Security in Ukraine: Risk Factors of the Corporate Criminal Liability
Authors: Datsiuk Vitalii , Nesterova Iryna
Published: October 2020

The article deals with recent changes in the Ukrainian criminal legislation, which concerns the activities of the criminal-legal character introduction against legal persons (quasi-corporate criminal liability) in the context of risk factors for sustainable business development.
Regulating Access to Firearms
Authors: Butryn Łukasz
Published: October 2020

The subject of this article are the legal and criminal aspects of regulating access to firearms. This issue has become extremely important in recent years for sociality. Furthermore, the availability of firearms has been widely discussed in Poland.
Genetic structure of different equine breeds by microsatellite DNA loci
Authors: Shelyov A. V. , Kopylov K. V. , Kramarenko S. S. , Kramarenko A. S.
Published: October 2020

Aim. Our work was aimed at the evaluation of genetic diversity of three domestic equine breeds which differ by
the history of their formation and use. Methods. Genotyping of DNA samples of three breeds of horses, namely,
Hucul (78 animals), Thoroughbred (51 animals) and Ukrainian Saddle Horse (152 animals), was conducted by 11
microsatellite loci, recommended by the International Stud Book Committee (ISBC) and the International Society for
Animal Genetics (ISAG). The mathematical analysis involved parametric and non-parametric methods of statistics.
Results. The results of polymorphism analysis of the gene funds for Hucul, Thoroughbred and Ukrainian Saddle horses
by 11 microsatellite DNA loci were fi rst presented in Ukraine. It was demonstrated that the study of microsatellite
DNA loci allows both determining the reliability of origin of pedigree animals and controlling population processes in
different breeds and the polymorphy of the very breeds. Conclusions. The molecular and genetic analysis of equine
breeds, differing by their provenance, demonstrated specifi cities of genetic structure of each breed, which correspond
to the formation history of their gene funds. The populational-genetic analysis using different mathematical methods
is recommended for the purposes of evaluating and forecasting microevolution processes, controlling gene fund
formation both during the breeding work and within the system of preserving genetic biodiversity
Functional genes polymorphism associations with egg quality traits in the populations of dual-purpose
Authors: Kulibaba R. O. , Sakhatskyi M. I. , Liashenko Yu. V. , Yurko P. S. , Osadcha Yu. V.
Published: October 2020

Aim. To study the egg quality traits of Poltava Clay chicken line 14 and Rhode-Island Red chicken line 38 with different
genotypes of the prolactin gene (PRL), growth hormone gene (GH), growth hormone receptor gene (GHR),
insulin-like growth factor I gene (IGF-I) and Mx gene (Mx). Methods. The study was conducted using the method of
polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP). Results. We found
signifi cant differences in line 14 for egg quality between prolactin, growth hormone, growth hormone receptor and
Mx loci. Homozygous individuals CC and TT by prolactin locus prevailed over heterozygotes CT for egg weight on
the 30th week of life. As for the growth hormone gene, the maximum differences for egg weight were revealed when
comparing BC heterozygotes with CC homozygotes. As for the growth hormone receptor gene, signifi cant prevalence
(p < 0.05) of individuals with the B0 genotype over A0 by parameters of egg yolk weight was noted at the age of 52
weeks. Signifi cant differences (p < 0.05) in eggshell thickness were determined for genotypes AG and GG by Mx gene
in week 52. There were signifi cant differences (p < 0.05) in egg quality traits for prolactin and Mx gene for chickens of
line 38. TT homozygotes by prolactin locus are characterized by the prevalence of values (p < 0.05) for the egg, yolk
and shell weight. In case of Mx gene polymorphism, the heterozygous individuals were characterized by signifi cantly
higher values (p < 0.05) of egg and albumen weight on the 30th week of life. There were no signifi cant differences
in both experimental chicken lines for other egg quality traits between individuals with different genotypes. Conclusions.
The data obtained are recommended for the use in breeding programs for Poltava Clay chicken line 14 and
Rhode-Island Red chicken line 38 with the aim of obtaining microlines with the different genotypes for PRL, GH,
GHR and Mx loci.
Evaluation and Management of the Infant Exposed to HIV in the United States
Authors: Chadwick Ellen Gould , Ezeanolue Echezona Edozie ,   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC AIDS, Hsu Katherine Kai-Chi , Kourtis Athena P. , Mirza Ayesha , Olivero Rosemary M. , Rakhmanina Natella Yurievna , Rodriguez Carina
Published: October 2020

Pediatricians play a crucial role in optimizing the prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV infection. Pediatricians provide antiretroviral prophylaxis to infants born to women with HIV type 1 (HIV) infection during pregnancy and to those whose mother’s status was first identified during labor or delivery. Infants whose mothers have an undetermined HIV status should be tested for HIV infection within the boundaries of state laws and receive presumptive HIV therapy if the results are positive. Pediatricians promote avoidance of postnatal HIV transmission by advising mothers with HIV not to breastfeed. Pediatricians test the infant exposed to HIV for determination of HIV infection and monitor possible short- and long-term toxicity from antiretroviral exposure. Finally, pediatricians support families living with HIV by providing counseling to parents or caregivers as an important component of care.
State and Local Government Expenditures and Infant Mortality in the United States
Authors: Goldstein Neal D. , Palumbo Aimee J. , Bellamy Scarlett L. , Purtle Jonathan , Locke Robert
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Evidence suggests that government expenditures on non–health care services can reduce infant mortality, but it is unclear what types of spending have the greatest impact among groups at highest risk. Thus, we sought to quantify how US state government spending on various services impacted infant mortality rates (IMRs) over time and whether spending differentially reduced mortality in some subpopulations.

METHODS:

A longitudinal, repeated-measures study of US state-level infant mortality and state and local government spending for the years 2000–2016, the most recent data available. Expenditures included spending on education, social services, and environment and housing. Using generalized linear regression models, we assessed how changes in spending impacted infant mortality over time, overall and stratified by race and ethnicity and maternal age group.

RESULTS:

State and local governments spend, on average, $9 per person. A $0.30 per-person increase in environmental spending was associated with a decrease of 0.03 deaths per 1000 live births, and a $0.73 per-person increase in social services spending was associated with a decrease of 0.02 deaths per 1000 live births. Infants born to mothers aged <20 years had the single greatest benefit from an increase in expenditures compared with all other groups. Increased expenditures in public health, housing, parks and recreation, and solid waste management were associated with the greatest reduction in overall IMR.

CONCLUSIONS:

Investment in non–health care services was associated with lower IMRs among certain high-risk populations. Continued investments into improved social and environmental services hold promise for further reducing IMR disparities.
Strap Performance of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators After Multiple Decontamination Cycles
Authors: Richardson Aaron W. , Hofacre Kent C. , Keyes Patrick H. , Thurston Rachel M. , Clay John D.
Published: October 2020

The Battelle Critical Care Decontamination System™ (CCDS™) decontaminates N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) using vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) for reuse when there is a critical supply shortage. The Battelle CCDS received an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2020. This research focused on evaluating the mechanical properties of the straps as an indicator of respirator fit. The objective was to characterize the load generated by the straps following up to 20 don/doff and decontamination cycles in Battelle’s CCDS. In general, the measured loads at 50 and 100% strains after 20 cycles were similar (±15%) to the as-received controls. Qualitatively, reductions in the load may be associated with loss of elasticity in the straps, potentially reducing the ability to obtain a proper fit. However, small changes in strap elasticity may not affect the ability to obtain a proper fit given the potential for variation in strap length and positioning on the head. Regardless, prior to reusing a N95 respirator, it is important to complete a visual inspection to ensure it is not damaged, malformed, or soiled. If so, it is recommended to discard the respirator and use a different one. Similarly, the respirator should be discarded if the wearer cannot obtain a proper fit during the user seal check.
“We are Human Beings, and We Value Human Life”: Glock and Diamond on Mental Capacities and Animal Ethics
Authors: Burley Mikel
Published: October 2020

How should a philosophical inquiry into the moral status of (nonhuman) animals proceed? Many philosophers maintain that by examining the “morally relevant” psychological or physiological capacities possessed by the members of different species, and comparing them with similar capacities possessed by human beings, the moral status of the animals in question can be established. Others contend that such an approach runs into serious moral and conceptual problems, a crucial one being that of how to give a coherent account of the natural sense of concern for profoundly cognitively impaired human beings if moral status is assumed to depend on features that centrally include cognitive capacities. The present article discusses this debate with reference to Wittgenstein-influenced philosophers whose respective approaches, on the face of it, diverge dramatically. With a primary focus on Hans-Johann Glock and Cora Diamond, and a secondary focus on recent work by Alice Crary, I argue that, despite an overt disavowal of the kind of approach favoured by Diamond and Crary, Glock’s affirmation that we simply do “value human life” brings him closer to that approach than he acknowledges.
Comfort needs as perceived by hospitalized elders: an analysis under the light of Kolcaba’s theory
Authors: Oliveira Sanni Moraes de , Costa Kátia Neyla de Freitas Macêdo , Santos Kamyla Félix Oliveira dos , Oliveira Jacira dos Santos , Pereira Maria Auxiliadora , Fernandes Maria das Graças Melo
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To reveal the Comfort needs as perceived by hospitalized elders, using Kolcaba’s theory. Methods: Descriptive and qualitative study, with 11 elders hospitalized in a university hospital, aiming to identify their needs for Comfort. Results: Discourses were categorized in four thematic units: Physical, Environmental, Sociocultural, and Psychospiritual. In the Physical context, several subcategories were found, namely, Symptom Relief; Daily Life Activities; Hygiene and personal care; Diet; Sleep and rest. In the Environmental context, the Comfort was considered to be superior than in the elders’ home; in the Sociocultural one, family bonds were found to become more distant, triggering feelings of missing one’s family and isolation, in the Psychospiritual context, spirituality and religiosity stood out. Final considerations: The Comfort needs of the hospitalized elders enable one to reflect on nursing care, offering information to improve the quality of assistance and to attend to the real needs of the elderly.
Experience of nurse entrepreneurs in long term institutions for elderly people
Authors: Trombeta Fábio Moysés , Ramos Nádia Placidelli , Bocchi Silvia Cristina Mangini
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the nurse entrepreneur experience in long term institutions for elderly (LTIE) and to elaborate a theorical model regarding that experience process. Methods: Qualitative research with theorical saturation, through analysis of the 10th nondirective interview, audio-recorded and transcribed, according to the Grounded Theory, with nurses in activity and those who had to quit the business. Results: Three subprocesses emerged: (A) looking at the LTIE as a promising business to offer to the aging population; (B) discovering herself/himself without entrepreneur training/experience to carry on a social enterprise; (C) changing from preservation, expansion, and finally business discontinuance. The core category (process) was abstracted from the realignment of those subprocesses components: From the dream to expansion, preservation, and business abandonment: nurse training/experience for social enterprise as an intervening component. Final considerations: In light of the Business Model Canvas, it showed the experiential process little instrumented by the fundamentals of business management, to support the proposal, overview and altering business.
Hemovigilance and patient safety: analysis of immediate transfusion reactions in elderly
Authors: Sobral Paola Almeida dos Santos , Göttems Leila Bernarda Donato , Santana Levy Aniceto
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify immediate transfusion reactions in elders hospitalized in a public hospital in the Federal District. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective, documental, and analytical research, with a quantitative analysis of 516 transfusions of packed red blood cells in elders hospitalized in the largest public hospital, who required blood components, from June to December 2017, through descriptive statistics. Results: The sample corresponded to 46.36% of the total number of transfusions in elders in the period. The mean age was 70 years old. There were adverse effects (reactions to the transfusion) in 12 (2.3%) transfusions. Respiratory alterations (33.3%) and fever (23.8%) were the most common events. Conclusion: The incidence of reactions to the transfusion is below national and international rates, indicating probable undernotification, which could be associated to a lack of knowledge regarding its clinical manifestations and the lack of systematic monitoring of the transfusion.
Common mental disorders and perinatal depressive symptoms: an integrative review
Authors: Silva Bruno Pereira da , Neves Paulo A R , Mazzaia Maria Cristina , Gabrielloni Maria Cristina
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate occurrence and risk factors for common mental disorders and perinatal depressive symptoms. Methods: an integrative literature review using CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and LILACS, looking for studies conducted between 2014 and 2019. Data collection took place between June and July 2019. Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) were used in the search strategies employed in each database. Results: thirteen articles were included. Most studies were conducted in Brazil and with a cross-sectional design. The highest prevalence of common mental disorders (63%) and depressive symptoms (30%) were found in Brazilian studies. Conclusion: high frequencies were found for perinatal mental disorder, with emphasis on studies carried out in Brazil. Low socioeconomic status, being a single mother, history of mental disorder, unplanned pregnancy and multiparity were risk factors for the investigated disorders.
Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio: impacto de ações assistenciais e mudanças socioeconômicas e sanitárias na mortalidade de crianças
Authors: Marinho Cristiane da Silva Ramos , Flor Taiana Brito Menezes , Pinheiro Josilene Maria Ferreira , Ferreira Maria Ângela Fernandes
Published: October 2020

No ano 2000, foram estabelecidos os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM), que tiveram como quarta meta a redução da mortalidade na infância (em menores de 5 anos). Desde 2010, o Brasil alcançou a meta proposta. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento da mortalidade na infância e a correlação com os indicadores assistenciais, socioeconômicos e sanitários das regiões brasileiras que contribuíram para o país atingir os ODM. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, com o uso de dados secundários do Brasil, por Regiões Intermediárias de Articulação Urbana (RIAU), no período de 2001 a 2017. Foram realizadas análises de tendência por meio do joinpoint e modelos de regressão linear múltipla. Constatou-se uma tendência de redução da taxa de mortalidade em menores de 5 anos nos períodos estudados, com maior inflexão estatisticamente significativa entre os anos de 2001 a 2010 (AAPC = -3,95; IC95%: -4,3; -3,6), com menores valores de 2011 a 2015 (AAPC = -2,35; IC95%: -3,7; -1,0) e estabilização em 2016 e 2017 (AAPC = -0,07; ICC = -4,2; +4,3). A baixa renda (extrema pobreza) das famílias das crianças e a ausência de escolaridade feminina foram as variáveis que mais se correlacionaram com a taxa da mortalidade na infância (r = 0,649, p < 0,001 e r = 0,640, p < 0,001, respectivamente). O cumprimento da quarta meta dos ODM pelo Brasil fez com que o país alcançasse um evidente progresso na redução da taxa de mortalidade na infância, porém percebe-se uma possibilidade de estabilização nesta taxa nos últimos anos. Por outro lado, indicadores sociais e ações assistenciais de saúde foram de grande importância nessa redução, constituindo um desafio ao país a manutenção e evolução das políticas públicas.
Efetivação da Lei Menino Bernardo pelas redes de proteção e de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Trindade Adalberto de Araújo , Hohendorff Jean Von
Published: October 2020

Embora muitos países estejam implementando leis que proíbem o uso de violência física como pretensa prática educativa, a Organização Mundial da Saúde indica que a efetivação dessas leis ainda é um desafio. Objetivou-se, portanto, verificar se as redes de proteção e de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco estão organizadas para efetivar a Lei Menino Bernardo (Lei nº 13.010/2014). Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, foram entrevistados 16 profissionais de diferentes serviços dessas redes de um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados coletados nas entrevistas foram analisados por meio da análise temática do tipo indutiva, resultando em quatro temas: (1) prática aceita culturalmente; (2) (des)conhecimento da lei; (3) carências das redes e (4) estratégias de efetivação. Tomados em conjunto, os quatro temas indicam a não efetivação da Lei Menino Bernardo pelas redes de proteção e de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes em situação de risco no município onde a pesquisa foi realizada. Evidenciaram-se, portanto, a aceitação social da violência na educação de crianças e adolescentes, o desconhecimento da Lei Menino Bernardo pelos profissionais e a fragmentação entre os profissionais e os serviços das redes. Diante disso, é necessário aumentar o investimento no fortalecimento de recursos institucionais e em capacitações, visando ao desenvolvimento profissional e à qualificação dos serviços das redes.
Segurança do paciente no cuidado odontológico: revisão integrativa
Authors: Corrêa Claudia Dolores Trierweiler Sampaio de Oliveira , Sousa Paulo , Reis Claudia Tartaglia
Published: October 2020

Resumo: Eventos adversos constituem grave problema relacionado à qualidade do cuidado de saúde. A prática odontológica, por ser eminentemente invasiva e implicar contato íntimo e rotineiro com secreções, é potencialmente propícia à ocorrência desses eventos. Diversos estudos em segurança do paciente foram desenvolvidos nas duas últimas décadas, entretanto, em maior número no ambiente hospitalar, em função de sua complexidade organizacional, gravidade de casos, diversidade e especificidade de procedimentos. O objetivo foi identificar e explorar os estudos voltados à segurança do paciente odontológico. Foi realizada revisão integrativa da literatura com consulta ao MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus via Portal Capes e ao Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, utilizando-se os termos segurança do paciente e odontologia nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português a partir de 2000. Utilizou-se o ciclo de pesquisa em segurança do paciente, proposto pela Organização Mundial da Saúde para classificar os estudos incluídos. Foram analisados 91 artigos. Os eventos adversos mais comuns foram relacionados às alergias, às infecções, ao atraso ou falha de diagnóstico e ao erro da técnica. Medidas para mitigar o problema apontaram para a necessidade de melhoria da comunicação, incentivo à notificação e procura por instrumentos para auxiliar a gestão do cuidado. Constatou-se carência de estudos de implementação e avaliação de impacto das propostas de melhoria. A Odontologia evoluiu no campo da segurança do paciente, mas ainda está aquém de transpor resultados para a prática, sendo importante envidar esforços para prevenir os eventos adversos nesta área.
The effect of lockdown on the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil: evidence from an interrupted time series design
Authors: Silva Lucas , Figueiredo Filho Dalson , Fernandes Antônio
Published: October 2020

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide have implemented social distancing policies with different levels of both enforcement and compliance. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis to estimate the impact of lockdowns on reducing the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazil. Official daily data was collected for four city capitals before and after their respective policies interventions based on a 14 days observation window. We estimated a segmented linear regression to evaluate the effectiveness of lockdown measures on COVID-19 incidence and mortality. The initial number of new cases and new deaths had a positive trend prior to policy change. After lockdown, a statistically significant decrease in new confirmed cases was found in all state capitals. We also found evidence that lockdown measures were likely to reverse the trend of new daily deaths due to COVID-19. In São Luís, we observed a reduction of 37.85% while in Fortaleza the decrease was 33.4% on the average difference in daily deaths if the lockdown had not been implemented. Similarly, the intervention diminished mortality in Recife by 21.76% and Belém by 16.77%. Social distancing policies can be useful tools in flattening the epidemic curve.
Relações de gênero na Educação Infantil: estrutura e agência no processo de construção de sentidos sobre ser menino e ser menina
Authors: Santos Sandro Vinicius Sales , Silva Isabel de Oliveira e
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Neste artigo, analisam-se as formas como as crianças vivenciam as relações de gênero em uma instituição de Educação Infantil, de modo a evidenciar as articulações entre as dimensões estruturais e as agências de meninos e de meninas. O objeto da pesquisa são as relações entre a regulação institucional e as ações de meninos e de meninas de 4 e 5 anos, nas escolhas e nos usos dos ambientes de uma instituição de Educação Infantil. Do ponto de vista teórico, o texto ancora-se nos estudos de gênero, da infância e da Educação Infantil. Já do ponto de vista metodológico, o estudo configura-se como uma etnografia desenvolvida ao longo de 2015 com 7 meninas e 11 meninos de 5 anos de idade e seus professores em uma instituição pública de Educação Infantil situada em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, tendo como instrumentos de produção de dados: observação participante, entrevistas e desenhos articulados com a oralidade das crianças. Verificou-se que a regulação exercida pelos professores influencia a ação das crianças no processo de escolha e uso que fazem dos espaços da Educação Infantil, uma vez que os meninos se mostraram mais expansivos do que as meninas no que tange ao uso dos espaços da instituição.
Os temas e usos de interesse dos estudantes no livro didático de Física
Authors: Artuso Alysson Ramos
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Há uma lacuna entre os estudos científicos brasileiros sobre materiais didáticos no que se refere a investigações de larga escala sobre o uso desses materiais em sala de aula e das preferências e opiniões de alunos e professores acerca deles. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar o interesse de estudantes brasileiros de Ensino Médio sobre 23 itens do livro de Física, bem como cotejar o resultado com pesquisas similares. Um questionário foi aplicado a 374 estudantes das cinco regiões brasileiras com possibilidade de comparação das respostas de acordo com os estratos da pesquisa, tais como sexo e idade do respondente. Exercícios de vestibular, do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) e o funcionamento de produtos tecnológicos são os quesitos mais valorizados pelos discentes. Biografias, atividades em grupo e o contexto histórico em que se deram os desenvolvimentos científicos são os menos interessantes. Não houve diferenças frequentes entre os estratos pesquisados, mostrando certa homogeneidade sobre as preferências acerca do livro didático em todo o território nacional. Tais resultados têm potencial interesse também para docentes de Física, autores e editores de materiais didáticos, que podem focar seus trabalhos em temas mais adequados aos estudantes.
QUALITY OF LIFE IN ADULTS WITH SARCOMAS UNDER CONSERVATIVE SURGERY OR AMPUTATION
Authors: SILVA ROGÉRIO SANTOS , TABET LÍVIA PENNA , BATISTA KATIA TORRES , NAVES JULIANA FAKIR , VIANA ENEIDA DE MATTOS BRITO OLIVEIRA , GUILHEM DIRCE BELLEZI
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the perception of quality of life, functionality, and psychological aspects of adults with lower limb sarcoma who underwent conservative surgery or amputation. Methods: Sociodemographic data were collected, and the following questionnaires were used: EORTC QLQ - C30 for quality of life, the Functional Assessment System (MSTS) for functionality and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depression symptoms. Results: The sample consisted of 45 young adults with sarcoma, divided into two groups: amputation (29) and conservative surgery (16). Most were male, single and students. Average family income before and after the disease did not differ, but those that were employed had a better perception of general quality of life, as well as those with higher family income after the disease. Regarding the type of surgery, there was a predominance of amputation; osteosarcoma was the most common histological type and the most affected region was the femur. All participants participated in social, cultural, sporting or religious activities. MSTS and Beck scale values did not differ between procedures. Conclusion: Given the scarcity of studies on the subject at the national level, further investigations are suggested to explore aspects related to quality of life for patients with sarcomas. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective comparative study.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE KNEE AND HINDFOOT AXES IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: MANSUR HENRIQUE , ROCHA FELIPE ALMEIDA , SOUSA FILHO PEDRO GUILME TEIXEIRA DE , CASTRO JUNIOR ISNAR MOREIRA DE
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correlation between knee axis and hindfoot axis in patients with advanced gonarthrosis, and the association between ankle function and angular deformities. Methods: 72 patients were enrolled in the study: 66% were women, and mean age was 58.7 years. The anatomical axis of the knee and hindfoot were measured by short knee radiographs and long axial view of the hindfoot. Results: Among the study group, 79.2% presented varus knee (mean 15º ± 7.69º) and 20.8% valgus (mean 15.9º ± 7.7º). 63.9% had hindfoot varus (mean 8.5º ± 6.07º) and 36.1% valgus (mean 3.9º ± 3.92º) (p < 0.05). The mean value for the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was 74.26 points, and values were significantly higher among patients with hindfoot varus (p < 0.05). We found no correlation between gender or AOFAS score and knee and hindfoot axes, nor between deformities in the knee and hindfoot axes (p > 0.05). The subgroup genu valgum - hindfoot varus presented a moderate correlation (r = 0.564; p < 0.05). Conclusion: We found no association between the anatomical axes of the knee and hindfoot. Patients with gonarthrosis and hindfoot varus presented a better ankle function. Level of Evidence II, Prognostic Studies - Investigating the Effect of a Patient Characteristic on the Outcome of Disease.
CHANGES IN BONE MINERAL DENSITY AFTER TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: DINCEL YASAR MAHSUT , SARI ABDULKADIR , TEKIN CAGATAY , GUNAYDIN BURAK , CETIN MEHMET UMIT , ARSLAN YUNUS ZIYA
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to investigate the change in bone mineral density (BMD) in the first postoperative year in patients that underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to primary osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods: Preoperative and first postoperative year dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of 76 patients with knee osteoarthritis, who undergone surgery between 2016 and 2018 due to the recommendation for TKA, were statistically evaluated in the study. Results: Of the 19 patients with a normal BMD in the preoperative period, 73.7% (n = 14) continued to have a normal BMD in the postoperative period. Of the 34 patients with a low BMD (osteopenia) in the preoperative period, 91.2% (n = 31) did not show any change, whereas osteoporosis was observed in two patients (5.9%) in the postoperative period. Of the 23 patients with osteoporosis in the preoperative period, 95.7% (n = 22) did not show any change, whereas osteopenia was observed in one patient (4.3%) in the postoperative period. Both the T and Z scores of the spine (L1-L4) and proximal femur showed a slightly positive trend, however, with an insignificant statistical difference (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Patients that underwent TKA experienced a statistically insignificant bone gain at the spine and proximal femur twelve months after the surgery. Level of Evidence III, Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results of Treatment.