bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISTIK EDIBLE FILM KARAGENAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI (The Characteristic of Carrageenan Edible Film with the Addition of Garlic (Allium sativum) as Antibacterial)
Authors: Anggraini Tika Novia , Agustini Tri Winarni , Rianingsih Laras
Published: March 2019

Edible film merupakan suatu lapisan tipis yang dapat melindungi bahan pangan untuk menjaga kualitas produk. Bawang putih mengandung senyawa allin yang merupakan senyawa antibakteri jika ditambahkan pada edible film karagenan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak bawang putih sebagai antibakteri dan karakteristik edible film karagenan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat eksperimental laboratories dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan parameter uji konsentrasi ekstrak bawang putih yang berbeda. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilakukan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak bawang putih berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas antibakteri dan karakteristik edible film karagenan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari perlakuan penambahan 7,5% ekstrak bawang putih sebagai antibakteri dapat dilihat zona hambatnya terhadap bakteri S. aureus sebesar: 3,00±0,100  mm dan bakteri E. coli: 2,18±0,07 mm sedangkan nilai karakteristik ketebalan: 0,17±0,003 mm, laju transmisi uap air: 6,49±0,42 g/m2/jam, kuat tarik: 13,88±0,29 MPa, persen pemanjangan: 14,75±0,09%. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak bawang putih pada edible film karagenan memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap aktivitas antibakteri dan karakteristik edible film karagenan. Edible film is a thin layer which able to protect the food and keep its quality.Garlic contains Allin compound which worked as antibacterial if added into carrageenan edible film. This study aimed to determine the effect of garlic extract addition as antibacterial and the characteristic of carrageenan edible film. The method was experimental laboratories with Completely Randomized Design with different concentration of garlic extract as the testing parameters. Data were analyzed using ANOVA then tested using Honestly Significance Difference (HSD) to determine the significance value of the sample. The result showed that the garlic extract was significant difference toward the antibacterial activities and the characteristic of carrageenan edible film. The result obtained from 7.5% garlic extract addition as antibacterial was the inhibition zone against S. aureus and E. coli of 3.00±0.100 mm and 2.18±0.07 mm; respectively. The other parameters such as thickness 0.17±0.003 mm, the water vapor transmission rate 6.49±0.42 g/m2/hour, the tensile strength 13.88±0.29 MPa, and the percent elongation 14.75±0.09%. The result indicated that the addition of garlic extract was significant difference (P<0,05) toward the antibacterial activities and characteristic of carrageenan edible film.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN METODE PENCAIRAN (THAWING) TERHADAP KUALITAS KIMIA DAGING ABALON (Haliotis asinina) BEKU (Effect of Different Thawing Methods on Chemical Quality of Frozen Abalone (Haliotis asinina))
Authors: Sari Sri Fatmah
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas kimia daging abalon beku H. asinina yang dicairkan dengan beberapa metode.  Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, dimana terdapat tiga perlakuan yaitu pencairan dengan melakukan perendaman pada air es (4oC), pencairan dengan melakukan perendaman pada air biasa (28oC), dan pencairan dengan menempatkan pada suhu ruang (30oC). Sebelum dilakukan pencairan sampel yang digunakan dibekukan pada suhu -20oC selama 3x24 jam. Parameter yang dianalisa antara lain, kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar protein terlarut, kadar air, dan kadar TMA-N. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh perlakuan pencairan dengan melakukan perendaman pada air biasa (28oC) memberikan kualitas kimia yang lebih baik dengan kadar protein 14,08%, lemak 5,43%, protein terlarut 4,09%, kadar TMA-N 6,71 mg/100 g, dan kadar air 78,40%. This research was conducted to investigate the chemical quality of frozen abalone (H. asinina) which thawed using different thawing methods.  A completely randomized experimental design (CRD) was used. It consisted of three treatments of thawing (A; immersion in cool water (4oC), B; immersion in water at ambient temperature (28oC), C; placement at room temperature (30oC)) and done in triplicates. The samples were frozen at a temperature of -20oC for 3x24 hours and they were packaged by air packaging method. The content of protein, fat, soluble protein, water,  and TMA-N were analyzed. The results showed that thawing by immersion in water at ambient temperature (28oC) gave the best chemical quality compared to two others thawing methods in this research.
PEMANFAATAN UMPAN ALTERNATIF LIMBAH KEPALA UDANG DAN WAKTU IMMERSING BUBU LIPAT TERHADAP HASIL TANGKPAAN RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) DI PERAIRAN KARIMUNJAWA KABUPATEN JEPARA (Utilization of Alternative Shrimp Head Waste Feed and Immersing Time of Pot on the Catch of Swimming Crab (Portunus Pelagicus) in Karimunjawa Waters of Jepara District)
Authors: Neilirrohmah Martiana , Fitri Aristi Dian Purnama , Sardiyatmo Sardiyatmo
Published: March 2019

Bubu lipat adalah alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk menangkap rajungan di Perairan Karimunjawa. Umpan yang biasa digunakan yaitu ikan segar (Damselfish), namun memiliki kendala sehingga peneliti memberikan solusi menggunakan umpan limbah kepala udang (Paneus merguensis) karena murah, bisa didapat dari limbah rumah tangga, serta mengandung protein yang dapat merangsang indera penciuman Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus). Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hasil tangkapan Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) dengan bubu lipat umpan limbah kepala udang (Penaeus merguensis) dan umpan ikan segar (Damselfish), serta perbedaan waktu immersing (6 jam dan 12 jam). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah experimental fishing dengan 8 kali pengulangan. Penelitian dilakukan di Perairan Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara pada bulan Februari 2018. Analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji-t. Hasil tangkapan Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) dengan umpan limbah kepala udang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan umpan ikan segar (Sig. 0,538). Hasil tangkapan Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) pada waktu immersing 6 jam lebih banyak dibandingan waktu immersing 12 jam (Sig. 0,512). Tidak terdapat interaksi antara umpan dan waktu immersing terhadap hasil tangkapan Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) pada penangkapan bubu lipat di Karimunjawa. Trap is one of the fishing gear used to catch a swimming crabs in Karimunjawa. Usually the bait is used fresh baits (Damselfish), but have constraints so the researcher giving a solution to use shrimp head waste (Penaeus merguensis) because cheap, can get from household waste, and contains protein that can stimulate the sense of swimming crabs’s smell. The research purposes to analyze the ratio of the catches between pot using shrimp head waste (Penaeus merguensis) with fresh baits (Damselfish) and immersing time difference (6 hours and 12 hours). The research method used in this study was the experimental fishing with 8 times repetition. The research held at Karimunjawa waters of Jepara District on February 2018. The data analysis used were the normality test, the homogenity test and t-test. The resulted of swimming crabs on the pot with shrimp head waste is less more than fresh baits (Sig. 0,538) . The resulted of swimming crabs on pot with 6 hours of immersing time is in the largest number of catch (Sig. 0,512). Fresh fish baits and shrimp head waste feed and immersing time between 6 hours and 12 hours no interaction the catch of swimming crabs in Karimunjawa
PRODUKSI Chlorella sp. DENGAN PERLAKUAN LIMBAH CAIR TAMBAK UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) STERIL (Production of Chlorella sp. with Steril White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Liquid Waste Treatment)
Authors: Tangguda Sartika , Prasetia I Nyoman Dodik
Published: March 2019

Limbah cair tambak udang vaname (L. vannamei) merupakan hasil buangan dari proses budidaya yang umumnya langsung dibuang ke perairan umum. Limbah tersebut masih mengandung sejumlah unsur hara yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan organisme pada tingkatan trofik dibawahnya, salah satunya adalah mikroalga Chlorella sp. Namun, pada limbah tersebut masih ditemukan sejumlah organisme yang mengganggu pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. sehingga limbah harus disterilkan terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan untuk menumbuhkan mikroalga tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dosis limbah cair tambak udang vaname steril dalam produksi Chlorella sp. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan 4 perlakuan, yaitu A (dosis limbah 25%), B (dosis limbah 50%), C (dosis limbah 75%), dan D (dosis limbah 100%); masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa perlakuan D memberikan produksi Chlorella sp. tertinggi yang dapat dilihat dari kepadatan sel dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik pada saat puncak pertumbuhan, yaitu 2.833.333 sel/mL dan 0,472. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa limbah cair tambak udang vaname steril dengan dosis 100% dapat digunakan untuk mengkultur Chlorella sp. skala laboratorium dengan menghasilkan produksi mikroalga tertinggi. Diharapkan limbah yang berasal dari hasil budidaya udang vaname dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengkultur mikroalga sehingga mengurangi pencemaran yang terjadi di perairan umum sekitarnya. Liquid waste of vaname shrimp ponds (L. vannamei) is the result of waste from the cultivation process which is generally discharged directly into public waters. The waste still contains a number of nutrients needed for the growth of organisms at the lower trophic level, one of which is Chlorella sp. However, in these wastes there are still organisms that interfere with the growth of Chlorella sp. therefore the waste must be sterilized before using it to grow the microalgae. The purpose of this study was to determine the dose of liquid waste of sterile vaname shrimp ponds in the production of Chlorella sp. This study used an experimental method with 4 treatments, namely A (25% waste dose), B (50% waste dose), C (75% waste dose), and D (100% waste dose); each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results of the study stated that treatment D gave the production of Chlorella sp. the highest can be seen from cell density and specific growth rate at the peak of growth, which is 2,833,333 cells / mL and 0.472. The results of this study can be concluded that sterile liquid waste of vaname shrimp ponds with a dose of 100% can be used to culture Chlorella sp. laboratory scale by producing the highest microalgae production. It is expected that waste derived from vaname shrimp culture can be used to cultivate microalgae so as to reduce pollution in the surrounding public waters
Values and Norms Matter: Ketidakikutsertaan Indonesia dalam Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships (ReCAAP)
Authors: Swastika Mayora Bunga
Published: March 2019

This article examines Indonesia’s choice to not join the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia (ReCAAP). Piracy is a transnational crime that requires cooperation to deal with. Asian waters has a high level of piracy, especially in the Malacca Strait and Indonesian Waters. ReCAAP, as a regional institution, was formed to deal with piracy and armed robbery against ships in Asian waters. Indonesia has been choosing not to join ReCAAP to combat piracy and armed robbery against ships. The purpose of this article is to explain the causes of Indonesia’s rejection to join ReCAAP. This article uses literature study by collecting related data piracy in the Malacca Strait and Indonesian waters. Beside, this article collecting related data about Indonesia foreign policy. In the end, this article shows there are non-material factors that influencing Indonesia’s behavior not to join ReCAAP. The non-material factors are historical, values, and norms.Keywords: Indonesia, piracy, Malacca Strait, maritime cooperation, ReCAAP, values, norms
International Seabed Regime in Southeast Asia: The Lack of ASEAN Member States’ Role in Seabed Mining
Authors: Nugroho Arif Satrio , Putranti Ika Riswanti
Published: March 2019

International Seabed Authority (ISA) as a part of implementation of UNCLOS Part XI has main objective is to foster healthy economic development especially for developing states and to minimize the negative environmental impacts derived from activities in the area. Although ISA had facilitated states to provide legal procedure to establish seabed explorations, the role of developing states are still lacking. For instance, the role of ASEAN member states are still minimum though some of its states rely on maritime resources such as Indonesia and Philippines. This paper argues that there are two main factors that cause minimum roles of ASEAN states in the development of seabed mining; lack of awareness of government officials, academics and its people in development of law of sea, mainly in seabed mining matters and the excessive cost and high technology requirements to explore and later to exploit seabed materials. To overcome the issue, ASEAN states should increase its stakeholder awareness in law of sea progress and the importance of seabed mining. In addition, ASEAN states could wait the Enterprise as an economic arm of The Authority to come into account to facilitate developing states in seabed exploitation for commercial value. In order to overcome environmental issue regarding seabed mining, ASEAN should maximize its own body of institution which already been built.Keywords: International Seabed Authority, seabed mining, ASEAN
Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia melalui Sekuritisasi Migrasi Pengungsi Rohingya di Aceh tahun 2012-2015
Authors: Alunaza Hardi , Juani M. Kholit
Published: March 2019

This paper is attempted to describe Indonesian policy in dealing with Rohingya Refugees inAceh in 2015. This paper took the specific interest on securitization of migration theory to analyzethe issue. This paper sketches three important points regarding Indonesian policy to solve the Rohingyarefugees problems in Aceh. First, Indonesian Government will make new policy by adjustingthe existing legislation on refugees. Second, Indonesia will accommodate the displaced Rohingyapeople. Third, Indonesian Government will work together with international community to solvethe problems of Rohingya refugees.Keywords: Indonesian Policy, Rohingya Refugees, Securitization of Migration
Kebijakan Developmental State Indonesia dalam Perdagangan Komoditas Hortikultura, Hewan, dan Produk Hewan
Authors: Nur Yekti Septian
Published: March 2019

Indonesia insists to defend its regulation on trade of horticulture, animals, and animal products after its loss on New Zaeland’s indictment in Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of World Trade Organization (WTO). Indonesia appealed the DSB decision, despite previous findings in DSB panel which reports that Indonesia’s regulations contains trade restriction and various trade barriers. This paper analyzes the reason why Indonesia appealed the DSB Panel decision, despite the fact that Indonesia violates WTO principles which lead to free trade barriers. This paper uses law perspective to find out whether Indonesia really violates the law or not. Besides, this paper also uses developmental state theory to analyze the case. The theory takes root in the merchantilism which emphasizes on export, domestic production, and national welfare. Developmental state’s position lies between liberalization and centered-plan policy which means that the country that applying this policy joins the globalization and plays its role in international order to reach national welfare.Keywords: developmental state, trade dispute settlement, trade restriction
The Rise of China-Indonesia Relationship: Soft Power, Resources, and Prospect in the Future
Authors: Umagapi Juniar Laraswanda
Published: March 2019

China is the emerging powers that many people believe that in the many years later they will be the most productive country with the fastest growing economic development in the world. As a consequence, China would be the main actor for global integrations as well as one of strategic partners for Indonesia. This research employs qualitative research method to understand which aspect influence the most towards Indonesia and China partnership. This paper will show the future partnership between China and Indonesia in economic and socio-cultural aspect.Keywords: China, Indonesia, emerging powers, economic, integration, socio-cultural
Indonesia dalam Pusaran Politik Energi Global
Authors: Rachmat Angga Nurdin
Published: March 2019

Energy emerges as a strategic issue as industrial countries begin to strive to increase their economic growth. This condition is related to the need for source, distribution and price of guaranteed energy sources. The achievement of these conditions will not be easy because the must compete each other for energy accsess. However, for developing countries with considerable energy reserves this condition leads them in two situations where the first will be a bargaining power that leads to the achievement of national interests and on the other hand will be a curse that makes them an object of exploitation of advanced industrial countries. Referring to these conditions Indonesia is a country with a lot of resources. Therefore, this paper describes the dynamics of global energy politics and how Indonesia should take advantage of the opportunity of the dynamics of global energy politics.Keywords: global energy politics, industrial countries, Indonesia
ANALYSIS OF STRATEGY ORIENTATION TO INCREASE BUSINESS INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE (Study On SME In Kasongan, Bantul District, Special Region of Yogyakarta)
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Abdul , Raharjo Susilo Toto , Kusumawardhani Amie
Published: March 2019

Innovation in SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) like art craft pottery in Kasongan Bantul Regency, certainly can improve in terms of business performance of SMEs. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect business performance using variables such as customer orientation, competitor orientation, technological orientation, and innovation as an intervening variables. Departing from the research problem, this study aims was how to improve business performance through innovation and factors that influence innovation that is customer orientation, competitor orientation and technological orientation.The sample of the study was 130 respondents, where 10 respondents not willing to return the questionnaire that has been in charge, within the deadline of the return. So this study yields final respondents as much as 120 respondents, but there are some questionnaires that are not fully answered. So, the results of finals questionnaire that can be analyzed was 110 respondents. Determination of sample was done by purposive sampling technique, where purposive sampling is sampling technique of data source with certain consideration. The respondents in this study are the owners of SMEs art craft pottery in Bantul District. The tool used to analyze was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study were are four hypotheses accepted from seven research hypotheses. The significant factors that influencing innovation are competitor orientation and technological orientation, and factors that directly influence significant to business performance were innovation and technological orientation.
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATION CAPABILITIES AND ENTREPRENUERSHIP TO COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN GOODNESS OF TASTE AND THE IMPLICATION TO BUSINESS PERFORMANCE IN SME RESTAURANTS, SEMARANG
Authors: Bungara Artsswinda Ayu
Published: March 2019

This research was aimed to analyze the influence of capabilities organization and entrepreneurship to increase business performance that can be moderated by competitive advantage, which is focused on goodness of taste, for restaurants in Semarang. Based on pre – survey in 20 owners of restaurant, it can be concluded that there was decreasing income about 22% (Rp 335.000,00) and was followed by decreasing of market share about 0,56%  during 3 months.  It was interesting because the restaurants are one of SME that many people interested in it. In other hand, many people work in this sector as their main job.The samples of this research are the restaurants that include in SME, which employ 5 – 19 employees. This research used 150 respondents, but only 124 respondents who fulfill the requirement. The data were collected by using questionnaires and direct interviews to the owners of restaurants in Semarang. This research proves 5 (five) hypothesis that were built by capabilities organization, entrepreneurship, competitive advantage in goodness of taste, and business performance. The results was analyzed by AMOS.It can be concluded that the model is feasible. The results of this study indicate that the business performance can be increased directly by a good management of capabilities organization and indirectly can be reached by focusing to maintain the resources. It because the restaurants that include as SME have  a limit resource.
Beberapa Faktor yang Berisiko Terhadap Hipertensi pada Pegawai di Wilayah Perimeter Pelabuhan (Studi Kasus Kontrol di Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas II Semarang)
Authors: Oktaviarini Eka , Hadisaputro Suharyo , Suwondo Ari , Setyawan Henry
Published: March 2019

Background: Hypertension is an increase in arterial blood pressure where systolic blood pressure is ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. Hypertension is often called the silent killer because it does not cause symptoms so the treatment is often late. Occupational-related diseases one of which is hypertension. The type of work, work environment, lifestyle and individual characteristics can be a factor of hypertension.Methods: An analytical observational study using a case-control design with 76 samples consisting of 38 cases and 38 controls taken by consecutive sampling. The variables studied were age, gender, family history, type of work, years of work, workload, work schedule, sedentary behavior, coffee drinking habits, and smoking habits. Data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate with logistic regression method.Results: Significant factors for hypertension were sex (p=0,012; OR adjusted 6,582; 95% CI 1,522-28,456) and the work type (p=0,020; OR adjusted 5,248; 95%CI 1,292-21,316) as risk factors, while sedentary behavior (p=0,030; OR adjusted 0,311; 95% CI 0,108-0,895) as a protective factor. The factors that are not significant at risk are age, family history, years of work, workload, work schedule, coffee drinking habits and smoking habits.Conclusion: Male and structural work type are risk factors, while sedentary behavior ≥ 6 hours/day is a protective factor. Probability at risk of hypertension is 75%.
Pengaruh Temperatur, Konsentrasi Katalis Dan Rasio Molar Metanol-Minyak Terhadap Yield Biodisel Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Melalui Proses Netralisasi-Transesterifikasi
Authors: Prihanto Antonius , Irawan T.A. Bambang
Published: March 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan biodisel dari minyak goreng bekas melalui proses netralisasi-transesterifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh temperatur terhadap yield biodiesel, pengaruh konsentrasi katalis terhadap yield biodiesel dan pengaruh rasio molar methanol-minyak goreng bekas terhadap yield biodiesel melalui proses netralisasi dan transesterifikasi. Untuk mendapatkan kondisi proses transesterifikasi terbaik, maka dikaji pengaruh variasi suhu (30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC, 70 oC), variasi konsentrasi katalis KOH (0,75 %, 1 %, 1,25 %, 1,5 %, 1,75 %) dan rasio molar metanol-minyak (6:1; 7:1; 8:1; 9:1; 10:1) terhadap yield biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari minyak goreng bekas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada rasio 6 : 1, konsentrasi katalis KOH 1 % pada suhu 60 oC mengahasilkan yield biodiesel maksimal sebesar 87,3 %. Effect of Temperature, Catalyst Concentration and Methanol-Oil Molar Ratio Against Biodiesel Yield from Used Cooking Oil Through Neutralization Transesterification ProcessA research has been conducted on the making of biodiesel from used cooking oil through a neutralization-transesterification process. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of temperature on biodiesel yield, the effect of catalyst concentration on biodiesel yield and the effect of molar ratio of methanol to used biodiesel yield through neutralization and transesterification process. To obtain the best transesterification process condition, the effect of temperature variation (30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC, 70 oC), KOH catalyst concentration variation (0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, 1,5 %, 1.75%) and the molar ratio of methanol-oil (6: 1; 7: 1; 8: 1; 9: 1; 10: 1) to the yield of biodiesel produced from used cooking oil. The results showed at a ratio of 6: 1, the concentration of 1% KOH catalyst at 60 ° C resulted in a maximum biodiesel yield of 87.3%.
Studi Pengaruh Penambahan Penambahan Berbagai Starter Pada Susu Kacang Fermentasi Terhadap Sifat Fisik Susu
Authors: Pradipta Tito , Paramita Vita
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh volume penambahan susu kacang polong terhadap yoghurt susu sapi dengan variabel penambahan susu kacang polong  0ml, 10ml, 20ml, 30ml, 40ml dengan perbedaan jenis starter (Lactobacillus burgaricus, starter bubuk, yoghurt plain) dan lama waktu penyimpanan. Analisa yang dilakukan meliputi  uji viskositas, uji ph, dan uji organoleptik. Dari hasil penelitian didapat viskositas tertinggi (16,5 cP) dengan menggunakan starter Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan perbandingan volume antara susu skim dan kacang polong sebesar 9:1, pada hari pengamatan ke-14. Study of the Addition of Addition of Various Starter on Fermented Dairy on Physical of Milk This work studied the addition of milk peas to cow milk yoghurt. The variables of milk peas addition were 0ml, 10ml, 20ml, 30ml, 40ml with difference type of starter (i.e. Lactobacillus burgaricus, starter powder, yoghurt plain) and storage time. The viscosity test, ph-test, and organoleptic test were performed to analyze the yoghurt. The highest viscosity was found at yoghurt with starter addition of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and milk and peanut ratio of 9:1, after 14 days storage.
Peningkatan Produktivitas Industri Manisan Nanas Melalui Pengembangan Pengering Multi Rak
Authors: Yulianto Endy , Yohana Eflita , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Utami H Sri , Ariwibowo Didik , Fardzanela S Fardzanela S , Sitawati Riana
Published: March 2019

Industri olahan buah-buahan khususnya nanas menjadi salah satu industri yang cukup berkembang. Olahan hasil panen nanas dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah produk ini.Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah deseminasi teknologi pengering multi rak resirkulasi adsorpsi berbasis zeolit yang telah teruji di laboratorium dan merupakan well-proven technology ke industri manisan nanas rumput laut KUB 3 Sekawan. Target yang ingin dicapai melalui pengembangan proses produksi dan konsep pengering resirkulasi berbasis zeolit di industri manisan nanas rumput laut KUB 3 Sekawan mampu meningkatkan produktivitas dan efisiensi produksi. Kegiatan diseminasi produk teknologi ke masyarakat meliputi: (i) desain dan pabrikasi prototipe pengering resirkulasi adsorpsi kapasitas 50 kg/batch, (ii) penyusunan dokumen Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), (iii) pengujian adaptasi dan evaluasi penerapan pengering resirkulasi adsorpsi, dan (iv) evaluasi tekno-ekonomi. Pengering multi rak dilengkapi resirkulator udara pengering berbasis zeolit telah terpabrikasi secara baik dan telah digunakan untuk produksi manisan nanas rumput laut. Pengering adsorpsi multi rak ini, mampu meningkatkan kapasitas produksi dan menurunkan biaya produksi. Analisis tekno-ekonomi meliputi: B/C Ratio, NPV dan IRR menunjukkan bahwa terap-kembang alat di industri manisan nanas rumput laut ini layak. Dengan demikian, alat memenuhi persyaratan secara teknis dan secara finansial atau secara ekonomis.
Modifikasi Motor Bakar 4 Langkah Bahan Bakar Bensin Menjadi Biogas: Aplikasi Untuk "Engine Test Bed"
Authors: Wijayanto Wishnu , Apriyanti Eny
Published: March 2019

Biogas  merupakan  salah  satu  bahan  bakar  non  fosil  bersifat  renewable  (terbarukan)  yang  dapat  dijadikan  bioenergi  alternatif. Biogas memiliki konsentrasi gas metana (CH4) yaitu 50–75 %,  gas karbon dioksida (CO2)25–50%, gas nitrogen (N2) 0 - 0,3 %, gas hidrogen (H2) 1-5 %, gas hidrogen sulfida (H2S) 0,1-2 % dan gas oksigen (O2) 0,1-0,5 %. (Hambali, 2007). Untuk dapat menggunakan biogas sebagai bahan bakar motor bakar pada mesin bensin generator 4 langkah 1300 (watt) dilakukan modifikasi pada : kelonggaran katup isap dan buang, injektor venturi pada karburator dan menaikkan rasio kompresi 9,2 – 9,3. Pada pengujian dihasilkan torsi maksimum 4,1 (Nm), Temperatur 490 oC pada pembebanan 1000 (watt).
Unexpected reproductive traits of Grateloupia turuturu revealed by its resistance to bleach-based biosecurity protocols
Authors: Capistrant-Fossa Kyle , Brawley Susan H.
Published: March 2019

A non-indigenous alga, Grateloupia turuturu (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta), was discovered in the Damariscotta Estuary (Maine, USA) in 2017, over 200 km north of its last reported location. Because of the presence of coastal facilities (aquaculture, marine laboratories) among potential vectors, we evaluated a mandated biosecurity protocol, namely, seawater treated with bleach at 50 ppm (50 mg l−1) free chlorine for ≥2 h and measured using test strips, for lethality against G. turuturu and several native algae. We report unexpected resilience to bleach-treatment (Mastocarpus > Grateloupia > Palmaria). Holdfasts of G. turuturu and Mastocarpus stellatus survived 50 and 1000 ppm free chlorine, respectively. Cystocarps on cultured blades of G. turuturu were particularly resistant to bleach-treatment; they produced outgrowths on fragmenting blades that became fertile tetrasporophytes in culture, suggesting reproductive adaptations of cystocarps to stressful conditions that may have broader evolutionary significance. Juvenile, microscopic crusts of G. turuturu were also bleach-resistant if covered by diatoms, and developed upright axes. Free chlorine test strips were inaccurate in seawater, and their use could increase the risk of failed biosecurity as a vector for invasion. Because chlorination at economic and environmentally safe levels is insufficient, we recommend a combination of treatments for comprehensive biosecurity.
Philosophie in ihrer (und gegen ihre) Zeit
Authors: Saar Martin
Published: March 2019

It is not evident in what sense philosophy relates to its own time and present. From the history of philosophical thought, several models have been suggested, ranging from a strong reliance on tradition to the wholesale rejection of the present and demand for a ‘philosophy of the future,’ from the suspicion that philosophy is nothing but one ideology among others to the demand that philosophy should engage in the struggles and conflicts of its time in order to prepare for a better future. The essay presents an assessment and problematization of these approaches and argues for a point of view that starts from philosophy’s precarious, ambivalent and contingent relation to its time and contemporaneity. Neither wholly independent of nor entirely subjected to its own time, philosophy can inhabit a shifting position from which critique and resistance are possible even if not ultimately guaranteed.
Dogmatischer Dogmatismusvorwurf
Authors: Freyenhagen Fabian
Published: March 2019

Does theorising always presuppose a programme of justification? Does the Critical Theory of Adorno and Horkheimer do so? Do they claim it does? The answer should be a resounding ‘no’ to all three questions. In regard to the second and third question, I have sketched an argument to that effect in an earlier paper in this journal. In this paper, I offer a rejoinder to the critical reply offered by Stefan Müller-Doohm und Roman Yos on behalf of the Habermasian mainstream in Frankfurt School Critical Theory. This rejoinder depends on giving a negative answer also to the first question. In rejecting the Habermasian idea of a programme of justification, I stand accused of dogmatism and, consequently, decisionism (for how else than by an arbitrary decision can one choose among dogmas?). I show that this accusation itself betrays a certain dogmatism – insofar as it accepts that such a programme of justification is undeniably possible and required, without consideration of evidence or arguments to the contrary. Self-reflective and critical theorising about society can, indeed must, take other forms.
Interaction between Optical Sources and Optical Modulators for High-Speed Optical Communication Networks
Authors: Amiri IS , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Yupapin P
Published: March 2019

The study shows the basic interaction between different optical sources and optical detectors for high-speed optical communication networks. Optical sources that are namely continuous wave (CW) laser, laser rate equations as well as the vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). The utilized optical modulators are indicated as Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM) as well as the Electro-absorption modulator (EAM). The data rate available 40 Gb/s for propagation length ranges from 10 km to 50 km. It is observed that the interaction between CW laser/MZM or CW laser/EAM has presented better performance than other combinations. In order to measure the system performances, many interesting parameters have been investigated. These can be including the electrical received power, highest signal quality factor, Optical signal per noise ratio as well as the lowest data error rates.
PON1 arylesterase activity, HDL functionality and their correlation in malnourished children
Authors: Mogarekar Mukund Ramchandra , Dhabe Mahendrakumar Gajanan , Palmate Mayuri Madhukarrao
Published: March 2019

Background

The study was done to assess high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and to correlate this with paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in malnourished children. It aimed to find the effect of malnutrition on changes in PON1 activity, HDL functionality, lipid profile and lipid hydroperoxide formation.

Methods

This case control study included 30 malnourished children (up to age 5 years) and 30 healthy controls in the paediatric inpatient department of SRTR Government Medical College Ambajogai, India. Clinically diagnosed cases depending on anthropometric indices were selected. Serum PON1 activity by using phenyl acetate as a substrate, HDL functionality by haemin by its protection on H2O2and haemin induced LDL oxidation, lipid profile by routine enzymatic methods and lipid hydroperoxide using the FOX2 assay were measured.

Results

Malnourished children had significantly decreased PON1 activity (106.6 ± 12.74** vs. 132.23 ± 28.49 IU/L), HDL functionality (116.55 ± 8** vs. 132.29 ± 10.9%), total cholesterol (TC) (102.5 ± 16** vs. 116.4 ± 12.65 mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (C) (33.41 ± 9.74** vs. 40.55 ± 5.85 mg/dL) and reduced total protein level (5.56 ± 0.91* vs. 6.06 ± 1.055) higher triglycerides (TG) (146.76 ± 34.97* vs. 125.96 ± 17.21 mg/dL) level and total hydroperoxide (TPX) levels (5.568 ± 1.70** vs. 3.22 ± 1.52 μM/L). *p < 0.05 **p < 0.001. PON1 activity (r2 = 0.576) and TC (r2 = 0.567) shows significant positive correlation with HDL functionality. PON1 activity, HDL-C, HDL functionality and TPX shows independent contribution towards malnutrition in children in multivariate and univariate logistic regression. TC lost its significance in multivariate regression.

Conclusions

Malnutrition leads to decrease in HDL functionality and increase in hydroperoxide levels with a decrease in PON1 activity.
Atypical presentation of Leydig cell tumour in three prepubertal patients: diagnosis, treatment and outcomes
Authors: García González Miriam , Casal-Beloy Isabel , Somoza Argibay Iván , Dargallo Carbonell Teresa
Published: March 2019

Background

Testicular tumours are uncommon in children, accounting for only 1% of all childhood tumours. Prepubertal Leydig cell tumours actively secrete testosterone and as a result, patients typically present with isosexual precocious pseudopuberty, this being the first cause of consultation. We present three cases of Leydig cell tumours in prepubertal patients with an atypical presentation.

Methods

We studied three cases of Leydig cell tumours in prepubertal boys, who either consulted for testicular asymmetry or were incidentally found to have the tumour in the absence of systemic signs of systemic hyperandrogenism or precocious puberty. In all cases, a well-circumscribed testicular mass was found by testicular ultrasound. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology. In all three cases, testicular enucleation was performed with satisfactory follow-up.

Results

Following the surgical procedure, during the follow-up, all patients showed a normal testicular volume in comparison with the contralateral testis. No complications were seen during follow-up.

Conclusions

A testicular ultrasound in children developing asymptomatic testicular asymmetry might be recommended due to its possible hormonal action locally. An early testicular ultrasound, testicular swelling discrepancies, tumour size and androgen production are key factors in the prognosis and management of this type of tumour.
Effectiveness of a coagulation step and polyester support on blend polyvinylchloride membrane formation and performance
Authors: Abdallah Heba , Shalaby Marwa S. , El-gendi Ayman , Shaban Ahmed M. , Zhu Bao-Ku
Published: March 2019

The effectiveness of woven and nonwoven polyester support and coagulation time during membrane formation on the performance and characterization of prepared membranes was studied. The blend membranes of polyvinylchloride with cellulose acetate were prepared by the immersion precipitation process. The prepared membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry and a mechanical test. Membrane performance was tested using a feed of different synthetic salt solutions. The results proved that the prepared membrane using woven support provided the highest permeate flux and good salt rejection (93.3%) for a salty solution concentration of 20,000 ppm. The stress-strain mechanical test indicated that the excellent mechanical behavior was shown for membranes prepared with a woven support, which has a strength of 12.6 N/cm2 with an elongation of 25 mm for M8. A fouling test was carried out using a mixture solution of salt and humic acid. Using the prepared membranes with woven support provided the best antifouling properties with a flux recovery of 99.2% compared with a flux recovery of 96% using the prepared membrane without support.
Photogrammetric determination of the refractive properties of liquid crystal displays
Authors: Petz Marcus , Dierke Hanno , Tutsch Rainer
Published: March 2019

In phase-measuring deflectometry for measuring reflecting and transparent surfaces, a high-contrast pattern displayed on a liquid crystal screen is usually optically detected. One of the most important non-idealities of liquid crystal displays with regard to the achievable measurement uncertainty is the refraction in the glass substrate, which leads to an angle-dependent offset between the actual location and the observed location of a feature displayed on the screen. Owing to the typical thicknesses and refractive indices of the glass substrates used, this offset reaches several tenths of a millimeter even at moderate viewing angles. In the approach presented here, the refraction-related offset of features displayed on the screen is determined by simultaneous observation of displayed features and features mounted on the screen. The model used so far was improved, so that apart from a distance of the features to be determined before the evaluation no further previous knowledge is necessary. Within the scope of the investigations carried out, statements on the measurement uncertainty of the method could also be made and verified for the first time.
Relación entre los beneficios y la obtención de engagement de los usuarios en la comunicación de las redes sociales del sector hotelero
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez Miguel Ángel , Fernández Allés María Teresa , Mier-Terán Franco Juan José
Published: March 2019

Con el creciente poder de los consumidores online y la mayor penetración de internet en todo el mundo, las comunidades online de marcas han formado una importante plataforma de comunicación entre las empresas y los consumidores. Estos medios sociales han ofrecido al consumidor la oportunidad de compartir opiniones, recomendaciones y experiencias a través de comentarios, imágenes o videos con otros usuarios, que pueden ser leídos y comentados entre ellos. De esta manera, en esta investigación se pretende analizar si los beneficios percibidos están relacionados con la obtención de compromiso o engagement por parte de los usuarios en las redes sociales de los hoteles. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis cuantitativo mediante un cuestionario dirigido a los seguidores de las redes sociales de hoteles o cadena de hoteles. Así, se han propuesto 4 hipótesis para analizar si los 4 beneficios identificados (beneficio funcional, socio-psicológico, hedónico y monetario) están directamente relacionados con las 4 variables identificadas del engagement (participación del usuario, confianza, compromiso afectivo y lealtad) pudiendo contrastar así si los beneficios percibidos por los usuarios en dichas redes sociales provocado un aumento en las 4 variables del engagement. Los resultados especifican una vinculación positiva de los beneficios sociopsicológicos y hedónicos percibidos por el usuario con un mayor engagement, sin embargo, hay más discrepancia en los beneficios funcionales y, sobre todo, destacar la escasa trascendencia del beneficio monetario para conseguir un mayor compromiso con los usuarios.
Ruptura en la literatura infantil: El libro triste y Humo
Authors: Torres Lizarazo David Fernando , Moreno Bernal Iveth Paola
Published: March 2019

Tipología y objetivo. El presente artículo de reflexión responde a la necesidad de actualizar la apreciación que aún existe en torno a la literatura infantil. A partir de los libros infantiles El libro triste (2004) y Humo (2008) y de algunos postulados acerca de la muerte en la enseñanza escolar, principalmente de Mar Cortina y Agustín de la Herrán, se mirará la reflexión que hace Marisa Bortolussi (1987), en su texto Análisis teórico del cuento infantil, sobre la literatura infantil en contraste con la adulta, y los temas tabú, en los que resaltamos la muerte, que la han conformado desde su existencia. De tal forma que se propone una ruptura respecto a la visión de la literatura infantil desde una postura que limita las temáticas de sus textos, a partir de la consideración que reconoce una serie de limitaciones en la capacidad de recepción de la información por parte del infante de los textos literarios.Metodología. Este artículo se construye a partir de la metodología de investigación documental o bibliográfica, que busca relacionar los avances tecnológicos y el acceso a la información con los cambios necesarios en las temáticas que se dan en la educación formal a partir de una concepción actualizada de los intereses argumentales en los que se desenvuelve la literatura infantil.
Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing and the Discovery of New Transcripts in the Unfertilized Eggs of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Mehjabin Rumana , Xiong Lv , Huang Rong , Yang Cheng , Chen Geng , He Libo , Liao Lanjie , Zhu Zuoyan , Wang Yaping
Published: March 2019

Understanding early gene expression in zebrafish embryos is a prerequisite for developmental biology research. In this study, 1,629,447 polymerase reads were obtained from the unfertilized eggs of zebrafish via full-length transcriptome sequencing using the PacBio RS II platform first. Then, 102,920 unique isoforms were obtained by correction, clustering and comparison with the zebrafish genome. 12,782 genes in the genome were captured, accounting for 39.71% of the all annotated genes. Approximately 62.27% of the 12,782 genes have been alternatively spliced. GO and KEGG annotations revealed that the unfertilized eggs primarily stored genes that participate in RNA processing and nuclear protein complex composition. According to this PacBio data that aligned with the genome, 3,970 fusion genes, 819 ncRNAs, and 84 new transcripts were predicted. Illumina RNA-seq and RT-qPCR detection found that the expression of two new transcripts, PB.5289.1 and PB.10209.1, were significantly up-regulated at the 2-cell stage and down-regulated rapidly thereafter, suggesting their involvement in minor ZGA during early embryonic development. This study indicated that the unfertilized eggs of zebrafish may have retained genes directly related to cell division and development to initiate the subsequent development in a limited space and time. On the other hand, NTRs or new transcriptome regions in the genome were discovered, which provided new clues regarding ZGA of MZT during early embryonic development in fish.
Time of change – Editorial
Authors: Lago Eleonor Gastal
Published: March 2019

Dear readers and collaborators, it is time for change in the editorial team of Scientia Medica. After almost 12 years working as the editor of this journal, I am pleased to transfer my position to Professor Manoel Antônio da Silva Ribeiro.I am grateful to all of those who contributed during this period to the success of this journal. The new editor will certainly continue to count on the same indispensable support and will have plenty of competence to maintain the constant growth of this important communication vehicle, an example of quality, ethics and integrity in scientific publishing.
Evaluation of the Effect of Air Polishing With Different Abrasive Powders on the Roughness of Implant Abutment Surface: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Biazussi Beatriz Rosa , Perrotti Vittoria , D'Arcangelo Camillo , Elias Carlos Nelson , Bianchini Marco Aurelio , Tumedei Margherita , de Vasconcellos Diego Klee
Published: March 2019

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of air polishing on the implant abutment surface using different abrasive powders: sodium bicarbonate and amino acid glycine. Fifteen grade III machined surface titanium disks with 8-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness were divided in 3 groups of 5 samples each and subjected to air polishing for 20 seconds with an Ultrajet Flex air-abrasive device and a distinct prophylaxis protocol: air and water (G1); air, water, and sodium bicarbonate (G2); and air, water; and amino acid glycine (G3). After the air polishing, the average roughness (Ra) of the samples was measured using an optical profilometer, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. We found that G1 and G3 had similar Ra, while Ra values for G2 were significantly higher. This study demonstrated that air-polishing powders containing glycine had less of an effect on the roughness of the surface of titanium disks compared with sodium bicarbonate powders. Future in vivo studies will be conducted to investigate the clinical relevance of the present results.