bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the dynamics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and incident diabetes mellitus
Authors: Han Ji Eun , Shin Han-Bit , Ahn Young Hwan , Cho Hyo Jung , Cheong Jae Youn , Park Bumhee , Kim Soon Sun
Published: February 2022

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between changes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) over time and risk of incident diabetes mellitus (DM). In total, 3047 subjects without underlying DM were followed up for 14 years from the Anseong-Ansan cohort. NAFLD status was determined biennially using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), and subjects were clustered into seven groups according to changes in HSI, body mass index (BMI), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR): none, persistent, transient, transient resolved, resolved, incident, and recurrent NAFLD (Groups 1–7, respectively). Predictive abilities were compared between the dynamics of HSI and single time points. Regarding the changes in HSI, the risk of incident DM was highest in Group 2 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.710; P < 0.001), followed by Groups 7 (HR 2.062; P < 0.001) and 3 (HR 1.559; P = 0.027). The predictive ability for DM was powerful in order of HOMA-IR, HSI and BMI. The dynamics of NAFLD were less predictive of incident DM than single time-point NAFLD. In conclusion, NAFLD is more useful than BMI in predicting incident DM. However, NAFLD status at single time points can better predict incident DM than dynamic changes in HSI.
Convalescent plasma in the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial (PROTECT-Patient Trial)
Authors: van den Berg Karin , Glatt Tanya Nadia , Vermeulen Marion , Little Francesca , Swanevelder Ronel , Barrett Claire , Court Richard , Bremer Marise , Nyoni Cynthia , Swarts Avril , Mmenu Cordelia , Crede Thomas , Kritzinger Gerdien , Naude Jonathan , Szymanski Patryk , Cowley James , Moyo-Gwete Thandeka , Moore Penny L. , Black John , Singh Jaimendra , Bhiman Jinal N. , Baijnath Prinita , Mody Priyesh , Malherbe Jacques , Potgieter Samantha , van Vuuren Cloete , Maasdorp Shaun , Wilkinson Robert J. , Louw Vernon J. , Wasserman Sean
Published: February 2022

There is a need for effective therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia. Convalescent plasma has antiviral activity and early observational studies suggested benefit in reducing COVID-19 severity. We investigated the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a population with a high HIV prevalence and where few therapeutic options were available. We performed a double-blinded, multicenter, randomized controlled trial in one private and three public sector hospitals in South Africa. Adult participants with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring non-invasive oxygen were randomized 1:1 to receive a single transfusion of 200 mL of either convalescent plasma or 0.9% saline solution. The primary outcome measure was hospital discharge and/or improvement of ≥ 2 points on the World Health Organisation Blueprint Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement by day 28 of enrolment. The trial was stopped early for futility by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board. 103 participants, including 21 HIV positive individuals, were randomized at the time of premature trial termination: 52 in the convalescent plasma and 51 in the placebo group. The primary outcome occurred in 31 participants in the convalescent plasma group and and 32 participants in the placebo group (relative risk 1.03 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.38). Two grade 1 transfusion-related adverse events occurred. Participants who improved clinically received convalescent plasma with a higher median anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titre compared with those who did not (298 versus 205 AU/mL). Our study contributes additional evidence for recommendations against the use of convalescent plasma for COVID-19 pneumonia. Safety and feasibility in this population supports future investigation for other indications.
Sodium salt-assisted low temperature activation of bentonite for the adsorptive removal of methylene blue
Authors: Shattar Siti Fairos Ab , Foo Keng Yuen
Published: February 2022

The sodium salt-assisted low temperature activation of bentonite (BB) was attempted. The unique features of the raw bentonite and BB were characterized with respect to the morphological, functional, and textural analysis. The adsorptive behaviour was evaluated by adopting methylene blue (MB) as the model pollutant via batch adsorption experiment. The experimental data were fitted to the non-linear isotherm equations (Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin), while the adsorption modelling was interpreted by the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich models. The adsorptive mechanism was ascertained according to intraparticle-diffusion and boyd models. The intercalation of sodium salt into the bentonite surface give rise to the specific surface area and total pore volume from 120.34 to 426.91, m2/g and 0.155 to 0.225 cm3/g, respectively, indicating a large proportion of the newly formed surfaces may be connected to new pore walls, associated with the silanol (≡SiOH), and aluminol (≡AlOH), and hydroxyl (–OH) groups for the possible entrapment MB onto the adsorbent. The equilibrium data was satisfactory described by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order model, with a monolayer adsorption capacity for MB of 318.38 mg/g, while the thermodynamic study verified spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic of the adsorption process.
Deep learning detection of nanoparticles and multiple object tracking of their dynamic evolution during in situ ETEM studies
Authors: Faraz Khuram , Grenier Thomas , Ducottet Christophe , Epicier Thierry
Published: February 2022

In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of dynamic events produce large quantities of data especially under the form of images. In the important case of heterogeneous catalysis, environmental TEM (ETEM) under gas and temperature allows to follow a large population of supported nanoparticles (NPs) evolving under reactive conditions. Interpreting properly large image sequences gives precious information on the catalytic properties of the active phase by identifying causes for its deactivation. To perform a quantitative, objective and robust treatment, we propose an automatic procedure to track nanoparticles observed in Scanning ETEM (STEM in ETEM). Our approach involves deep learning and computer vision developments in multiple object tracking. At first, a registration step corrects the image displacements and misalignment inherent to the in situ acquisition. Then, a deep learning approach detects the nanoparticles on all frames of video sequences. Finally, an iterative tracking algorithm reconstructs their trajectories. This treatment allows to deduce quantitative and statistical features about their evolution or motion, such as a Brownian behavior and merging or crossing events. We treat the case of in situ calcination of palladium (oxide) / delta-alumina, where the present approach allows a discussion of operating processes such as Ostwald ripening or NP aggregative coalescence.
Pseudo contrastive labeling for predicting IVF embryo developmental potential
Authors: Erlich I. , Ben-Meir A. , Har-Vardi I. , Grifo J. , Wang F. , Mccaffrey C. , McCulloh D. , Or Y. , Wolf L.
Published: February 2022

In vitro fertilization is typically associated with high failure rates per transfer,
leading to an acute need for the identification of embryos with high developmental potential. Current methods are tailored to specific times after fertilization, often require expert inspection, and have low predictive power. Automatic methods are challenged by ambiguous labels, clinical heterogeneity, and the inability to utilize multiple developmental points. In this work, we propose a novel method that trains a classifier conditioned on the time since fertilization. This classifier is then integrated over time and its output is used to assign soft labels to pairs of samples. The classifier obtained by training on these soft labels presents a significant improvement in accuracy, even as early as 30 h post-fertilization. By integrating the classification scores, the predictive power is further improved. Our results are superior to previously reported methods, including the commercial KIDScore-D3 system, and a group of eight senior professionals, in classifying multiple groups of favorable embryos into groups defined as less favorable based on implantation outcomes, expert decisions based on developmental trajectories, and/or genetic tests.
A chemically-defined plastic scaffold for the xeno-free production of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Shimizu Eiko , Iguchi Hiroki , Le Minh Nguyen Tuyet , Nakamura Yuta , Kobayashi Daigo , Arai Yuhei , Takakura Kenta , Benno Seiko , Yoshida Noriko , Tsukahara Masayoshi , Haneda Satoshi , Hasegawa Kouichi
Published: February 2022

Clinical use of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is hampered by the technical limitations of their expansion. Here, we developed a chemically synthetic culture substrate for human pluripotent stem cell attachment and maintenance. The substrate comprises a hydrophobic polyvinyl butyral-based polymer (PVB) and a short peptide that enables easy and uniform coating of various types of cell culture ware. The coated ware exhibited thermotolerance, underwater stability and could be stored at room temperature. The substrate supported hPSC expansion in combination with most commercial culture media with an efficiency similar to that of commercial substrates. It supported not only the long-term expansion of examined iPS and ES cell lines with normal karyotypes during their undifferentiated state but also directed differentiation of three germ layers. This substrate resolves major concerns associated with currently used recombinant protein substrates and could be applied in large-scale automated manufacturing; it is suitable for affordable and stable production of clinical-grade hPSCs and hPSC-derived products.
The oculomotor signature of expected surprise
Authors: Drążyk Dominika , Missal Marcus
Published: February 2022

Expected surprise, defined as the anticipation of uncertainty associated with the occurrence of a future event, plays a major role in gaze shifting and spatial attention. In the present study, we analyzed its impact on oculomotor behavior. We hypothesized that the occurrence of anticipatory saccades could decrease with increasing expected surprise and that its influence on visually-guided responses could be different given the presence of sensory information and perhaps competitive attentional effects. This hypothesis was tested in humans using a saccadic reaction time task in which a cue indicated the future stimulus position. In the ‘no expected surprise’ condition, the visual target could appear only at one previously cued location. In other conditions, more likely future positions were cued with increasing expected surprise. Anticipation was more frequent and pupil size was larger in the ‘no expected surprise’ condition compared with all other conditions, probably due to increased arousal. The latency of visually-guided saccades increased linearly with the logarithm of surprise (following Hick’s law) but their maximum velocity repeated the arousal-related pattern. Therefore, expected surprise affects anticipatory and visually-guided responses differently. Moreover, these observations suggest a causal chain linking surprise, attention and saccades that could be disrupted in attentional or impulse control disorders.
Apex scavengers from different European populations converge at threatened savannah landscapes
Authors: Delgado-González A. , Cortés-Avizanda A. , Serrano D. , Arrondo E. , Duriez O. , Margalida A. , Carrete M. , Oliva-Vidal P. , Sourp E. , Morales-Reyes Z. , García-Barón I. , de la Riva M. , Sánchez-Zapata J. A. , Donázar J. A.
Published: February 2022

Over millennia, human intervention has transformed European habitats mainly through extensive livestock grazing. “Dehesas/Montados” are an Iberian savannah-like ecosystem dominated by oak-trees, bushes and grass species that are subject to agricultural and extensive livestock uses. They are a good example of how large-scale, low intensive transformations can maintain high biodiversity levels as well as socio-economic and cultural values. However, the role that these human-modified habitats can play for individuals or species living beyond their borders is unknown. Here, using a dataset of 106 adult GPS-tagged Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) monitored over seven years, we show how individuals breeding in western European populations from Northern, Central, and Southern Spain, and Southern France made long-range forays (LRFs) of up to 800 km to converge in the threatened Iberian “dehesas” to forage. There, extensive livestock and wild ungulates provide large amounts of carcasses, which are available to scavengers from traditional exploitations and rewilding processes. Our results highlight that maintaining Iberian “dehesas” is critical not only for local biodiversity but also for long-term conservation and the ecosystem services provided by avian scavengers across the continent.
Mice with a deficiency in Peroxisomal Membrane Protein 4 (PXMP4) display mild changes in hepatic lipid metabolism
Authors: Blankestijn Maaike , Bloks Vincent W. , Struik Dicky , Huijkman Nicolette , Kloosterhuis Niels , Wolters Justina C. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Islinger Markus , Kuipers Folkert , van de Sluis Bart , Groen Albert K. , Verkade Henkjan J. , Jonker Johan W.
Published: February 2022

Peroxisomes play an important role in the metabolism of a variety of biomolecules, including lipids and bile acids. Peroxisomal Membrane Protein 4 (PXMP4) is a ubiquitously expressed peroxisomal membrane protein that is transcriptionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), but its function is still unknown. To investigate the physiological function of PXMP4, we generated a Pxmp4 knockout (Pxmp4−/−) mouse model using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Peroxisome function was studied under standard chow-fed conditions and after stimulation of peroxisomal activity using the PPARα ligand fenofibrate or by using phytol, a metabolite of chlorophyll that undergoes peroxisomal oxidation. Pxmp4−/− mice were viable, fertile, and displayed no changes in peroxisome numbers or morphology under standard conditions. Also, no differences were observed in the plasma levels of products from major peroxisomal pathways, including very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and BA intermediates di- and trihydroxycholestanoic acid. Although elevated levels of the phytol metabolites phytanic and pristanic acid in Pxmp4−/− mice pointed towards an impairment in peroxisomal α-oxidation capacity, treatment of Pxmp4−/− mice with a phytol-enriched diet did not further increase phytanic/pristanic acid levels. Finally, lipidomic analysis revealed that loss of Pxmp4 decreased hepatic levels of the alkyldiacylglycerol class of neutral ether lipids, particularly those containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. Together, our data show that while PXMP4 is not critical for overall peroxisome function under the conditions tested, it may have a role in the metabolism of (ether)lipids.
Longitudinal changes of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness profile during childhood myopia progression
Authors: Ha Ahnul , Kim Young Kook , Baek Sung Uk , Kim Jin-Soo , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) profile arising in the course of childhood myopia progression. Thirty-six eyes of 36 healthy children who showed myopia progression (spherical equivalent [SE] decrease of ≥ 2.0 diopters [D]) were included. To account for the axial-elongation-induced magnification effect on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurements, we calculated the proportion of quadrant-cpRNFLT distribution (i.e., the percentage of cpRNFLT within a single quadrant of total cpRNFLT). During 4.1 ± 1.1 years, the mean SE changed from -1.3 ± 0.9 to -4.3 ± 0.8D, and both the optic disc tilt ratio and the torsional angle increased (both P < 0.001). In the temporal quadrant, the cpRNFLT proportion was increased from 19.2 ± 1.86 to 24.4 ± 2.30% (P < 0.001). The cpRNFLT proportion in 3 quadrants (i.e., superior, inferior, nasal) showed decreases (all P < 0.001). Between baseline and follow up, the scan-circle location as determined by OCT was shifted mostly (94%; 34 of 36 eyes) toward the nasal side of the optic disc. With scan-circle repositioning to match the baseline, cpRNFLT distribution proportions did not show any significant difference between the baseline and follow up (all P > 0.05). For longitudinal evaluations of patients with myopia progression, scan-circle alteration should be given due consideration.
Comparison of different surgical methods and strategies for inguinal lymph node dissection in patients with penile cancer
Authors: Shao Yanxiang , Hu Xu , Ren Shangqing , Liao Duwu , Yang Zhen , Liu Yang , Lia Thongher , Wu Kan , Xiong Sanchao , Yang Weixiao , Feng Shuyang , Wang Yaohui , Li Xiang
Published: February 2022

To compare the clinical feasibility and oncological outcome of different surgical techniques for inguinal lymphadenectomy (ILND) in patients suffering from penile cancer. This study included data from 109 cN0–2 patients diagnosed with penile cancer who received ILND. 80 laparoscopic ILND were performed on 40 patients, while 138 open surgeries were performed on 69 patients. Perioperative complications and prognosis were compared between different surgical techniques. Compared with the open surgery group, the laparoscopy group had a shorter hospital stay (8.88 ± 7.86 days vs. 13.94 ± 10.09 days, P = 0.004), and a lower wound healing delay rate (8.75% vs. 22.46%, P = 0.017), but also had longer drainage time (10.91 ± 9.66 vs. 8.70 ± 4.62, P = 0.002). There were no significant differences in terms of other intraoperative parameters, complications, and survival between open and laparoscopic group. Compared with saphenous vein ligated subgroup, preserved subgroup showed no significant reducing of complication rate. There was no significant difference among complication between different open surgery subgroup. Immediate ILND showed no prognostic advantage over delayed ILND regardless of clinical lymph node status. Compared with open surgery, the minimally invasive ILND technique has similar oncological efficiency and a lower complication rate. Saphenous vein preservation has limited value in reducing complications. Delayed lymphadenectomy might be a more reasonable option for ILND.
Telling functional networks apart using ranked network features stability
Authors: Zanin Massimiliano , Güntekin Bahar , Aktürk Tuba , Yıldırım Ebru , Yener Görsev , Kiyi Ilayda , Hünerli-Gündüz Duygu , Sequeira Henrique , Papo David
Published: February 2022

Over the past few years, it has become standard to describe brain anatomical and functional organisation in terms of complex networks, wherein single brain regions or modules and their connections are respectively identified with network nodes and the links connecting them. Often, the goal of a given study is not that of modelling brain activity but, more basically, to discriminate between experimental conditions or populations, thus to find a way to compute differences between them. This in turn involves two important aspects: defining discriminative features and quantifying differences between them. Here we show that the ranked dynamical stability of network features, from links or nodes to higher-level network properties, discriminates well between healthy brain activity and various pathological conditions. These easily computable properties, which constitute local but topographically aspecific aspects of brain activity, greatly simplify inter-network comparisons and spare the need for network pruning. Our results are discussed in terms of microstate stability. Some implications for functional brain activity are discussed.
Physiological response and proteomics analysis of Reaumuria soongorica under salt stress
Authors: Yan Shipeng , Chong Peifang , Zhao Ming , Liu Hongmei
Published: February 2022

Soil salinity can severely restrict plant growth. Yet Reaumuria soongorica can tolerate salinity well. However, large-scale proteomic studies of this plant’s response to salinity have yet to reported. Here, R. soongorica seedlings (4 months old) were used in an experiment where NaCl solutions simulated levels of soil salinity stress. The fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, leaf relative conductivity, proline content, and total leaf area of R. soongorica under CK (0 mM NaCl), low (200 mM NaCl), and high (500 mM NaCl) salt stress were determined. The results showed that the proline content of leaves was positively correlated with salt concentration. With greater salinity, the plant fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, and total leaf area increased initially but then decreased, and vice-versa for the relative electrical conductivity of leaves. Using iTRAQ proteomic sequencing, 47 177 136 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in low-salt versus CK, high-salt versus control, and high-salt versus low-salt comparisons, respectively. A total of 72 DEPs were further screened from the comparison groupings, of which 34 DEPs increased and 38 DEPs decreased in abundance. These DEPs are mainly involved in translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis. Finally, 21 key DEPs (SCORE value ≥ 60 points) were identified as potential targets for salt tolerance of R. soongolica. By comparing the protein structure of treated versus CK leaves under salt stress, we revealed the key candidate genes underpinning R. soongolica’s salt tolerance ability. This works provides fresh insight into its physiological adaptation strategy and molecular regulatory network, and a molecular basis for enhancing its breeding, under salt stress conditions.
Differences in the serum metabolome profile of dairy cows according to the BHB concentration revealed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR)
Authors: Lisuzzo Anastasia , Laghi Luca , Faillace Vanessa , Zhu Chenglin , Contiero Barbara , Morgante Massimo , Mazzotta Elisa , Gianesella Matteo , Fiore Enrico
Published: February 2022

The mobilization of body reserves during the transition from pregnancy to lactation might predispose dairy cows to develop metabolic disorders such as subclinical ketosis or hyperketonemia. These conditions are not easily identifiable and are frequently related to other diseases that cause economic loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum metabolome differences according to the β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration. Forty-nine Holstein Friesian dairy cows were enrolled between 15 and 30 days in milk. According to their serum BHB concentration, the animals were divided into three groups: Group 0 (G0; 12 healthy animals; BHB ≤ 0.50 mmol/L); Group 1 (G1; 19 healthy animals; 0.51 ≤ BHB < 1.0 mmol/L); and Group 2 (G2; 18 hyperketonemic animals; BHB ≥ 1.0 mmol/L). Animal data and biochemical parameters were examined with one-way ANOVA, and metabolite significant differences were examined by t-tests. Fifty-seven metabolites were identified in the serum samples. Thirteen metabolites showed significant effects and seemed to be related to the mobilization of body reserves, lipids, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, and ruminal fermentation.
Fieldable muon spectrometer using multi-layer pressurized gas Cherenkov radiators and its applications
Authors: Bae Junghyun , Chatzidakis Stylianos
Published: February 2022

Cosmic ray muons have been considered as a non-conventional radiation probe in various applications. To utilize cosmic ray muons in engineering applications, two important quantities, trajectory and momentum, must be known. The muon trajectories are easily reconstructed using two-fold detector arrays with a high spatial resolution. However, precise measurement of muon momentum is difficult to be achieved without deploying large and expensive spectrometers such as solenoid magnets. Here, we propose a new method to estimate muon momentum using multi-layer pressurized gas Cherenkov radiators. This is accurate, portable, compact (< 1m3), and easily coupled with existing muon detectors without the need of neither bulky magnetic nor time-of-flight spectrometers. The results show that not only our new muon spectrometer can measure muon momentum with a resolution of ± 0.5 GeV/c in a momentum range of 0.1–10.0 GeV/c, but also we can reconstruct cosmic muon spectrum with high accuracy (~ 90%).
Transcriptome analysis reveals the potential roles of long non-coding RNAs in feed efficiency of chicken
Authors: Karimi Parastoo , Bakhtiarizadeh Mohammad Reza , Salehi Abdolreza , Izadnia Hamid Reza
Published: February 2022

Feed efficiency is an important economic trait and reduces the production costs per unit of animal product. Up to now, few studies have conducted transcriptome profiling of liver tissue in feed efficiency-divergent chickens (Ross vs native breeds). Also, molecular mechanisms contributing to differences in feed efficiency are not fully understood, especially in terms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Hence, transcriptome profiles of liver tissue in commercial and native chicken breeds were analyzed. RNA-Seq data along with bioinformatics approaches were applied and a series of lncRNAs and target genes were identified. Furthermore, protein–protein interaction network construction, co-expression analysis, co-localization analysis of QTLs and functional enrichment analysis were used to functionally annotate the identified lncRNAs. In total, 2,290 lncRNAs were found (including 1,110 annotated, 593 known and 587 novel), of which 53 (including 39 known and 14 novel), were identified as differentially expressed genes between two breeds. The expression profile of lncRNAs was validated by RT-qPCR. The identified novel lncRNAs showed a number of characteristics similar to those of known lncRNAs. Target prediction analysis showed that these lncRNAs have the potential to act in cis or trans mode. Functional enrichment analysis of the predicted target genes revealed that they might affect the differences in feed efficiency of chicken by modulating genes associated with lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, growth, energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. Some gene members of significant modules in the constructed co-expression networks were reported as important genes related to feed efficiency. Co-localization analysis of QTLs related to feed efficiency and the identified lncRNAs suggested several candidates to be involved in residual feed intake. The findings of this study provided valuable resources to further clarify the genetic basis of regulation of feed efficiency in chicken from the perspective of lncRNAs.
A machine learning approach based on ACMG/AMP guidelines for genomic variant classification and prioritization
Authors: Nicora Giovanna , Zucca Susanna , Limongelli Ivan , Bellazzi Riccardo , Magni Paolo
Published: February 2022

Genomic variant interpretation is a critical step of the diagnostic procedure, often supported by the application of tools that may predict the damaging impact of each variant or provide a guidelines-based classification. We propose the application of Machine Learning methodologies, in particular Penalized Logistic Regression, to support variant classification and prioritization. Our approach combines ACMG/AMP guidelines for germline variant interpretation as well as variant annotation features and provides a probabilistic score of pathogenicity, thus supporting the prioritization and classification of variants that would be interpreted as uncertain by the ACMG/AMP guidelines. We compared different approaches in terms of variant prioritization and classification on different datasets, showing that our data-driven approach is able to solve more variant of uncertain significance (VUS) cases in comparison with guidelines-based approaches and in silico prediction tools.
A novel validated simple derivatization liquid chromatographic method with diode array detection for the simultaneous determination of mancozeb, azoxystrobin and difenoconazole in pesticide dosage form
Authors: Patil Vilas K. , Wagh Ujwala B. , Phalak Raju P. , Bhirud Jayashri D. , Narkhede Hemant P.
Published: February 2022

A novel, rapid and simple reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of three pesticides – mancozeb, azoxystrobin and difenoconazole by derivatization with ethyl iodide is presented.
An asymmetric Pt diimine acetylide complex providing unique luminescent multinuclear sandwich complexes with Cu salts
Authors: Horiuchi Shinnosuke , Hiroiwa Hirotaka , Sakuda Eri , Arikawa Yasuhiro , Umakoshi Keisuke
Published: February 2022

A reversible ligand exchange reaction occurred between two different symmetric Pt acetylide complexes to give an asymmetric Pt complex, which gave Pt–Cu assemblies showing photoluminescence in the crystalline state.
Glucuronyl C4 dehydrogenation by the radical SAM enzyme BlsE involved in blasticidin S biosynthesis
Authors: Li He , Zhao Junfeng , Ding Wei , Zhang Qi
Published: February 2022

Here we show that, instead of decarboxylation observed previously, the radical S-adenosylmethionine enzyme BlsE catalyzes the C4′-dehydrogenation of cytosylglucuronamide (CGM), and the resulting C4′-ketone compound is modified by the aminotransferase BlsH to install a C4′-amino group.
Ionic migration induced loss analysis of perovskite solar cells: a poling study
Authors: Zheng Xue , Ming Wenjie , Liu Pingping , Zhang Jie , Zhou Hongfei , Chen Ming , Li Weimin , Huang Boyuan , Wang Huan , Yang Chunlei
Published: February 2022

Ionic migration induced photo-voltage and photo-current losses of perovskite solar cells under positive and negative polarizations, respectively.
Ultra-small bimetallic phosphides for dual-modal MRI imaging guided photothermal ablation of tumors
Authors: Lu Yu , Zhang Peng , Lin Lihao , Gao Xuan , Zhou Yifei , Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie
Published: February 2022

Ultra-small theranostic agents based on bimetallic phosphides have been fabricated for photothermal ablation of tumors guided by T1/T2 dual-modal MRI.
Cycloaddition of isoselenocyanates to sodium and magnesium metallacycles
Authors: Dodonov Vladimir A. , Kushnerova Olga A. , Rumyantsev Roman V. , Novikov Alexander S. , Osmanov Vladimir K. , Fedushkin Igor L.
Published: February 2022

Metal–ligand cooperative action gives opportunity for sodium atoms to participate in metallacycloaddition with isoselenocyanates.
Variations of the viscous properties of a sponge cake artificial bolus with some physiological parameters
Authors: Gibouin F. , Della Valle G. , van der Sman R.
Published: February 2022

Flow curves of cake bolus at two levels of artificial saliva follow the Herschel–Bulkley model, allowing for the derivation of the food/saliva interaction coefficient.
Arsenite photo-oxidation and removal by ferrihydrite in the presence of oxalate: a pH dependence and surface-mediated process
Authors: Wang Yajie , Gong Xianhe , Dong Xin , Tao Xiuzhen , Luo Yingchun
Published: February 2022

As(iii) is removed via a surface-mediated process in a ferrihydrite/oxalate system, and the sources of HO˙ depend strongly on pH.
Facile synthesis of the spiro-pyridoindolone scaffoldviaa gold-catalysed intramolecular alkynol cyclisation/hydroindolylation
Authors: Shinde Mahesh H. , Ramana Chepuri V.
Published: February 2022

A simple approach for the synthesis of pyridoindolone scaffolds with a spiroannulated tetrahydrofuran ring is described.
Diaryliodonium(iii) salts in one-pot double functionalization of C–IIIIandorthoC–H bonds
Authors: Kikushima Kotaro , Elboray Elghareeb E. , Jiménez-Halla J. Oscar C. , Solorio-Alvarado César R. , Dohi Toshifumi
Published: February 2022

This review summarizes double functionalization strategies for diaryliodonium(iii) salts involving the C–IIIIandorthoC–H bonds, which provide short-step access to highly functionalized molecules.
From dynamic self-organization to avalanching instabilities in soft-granular threads
Authors: Guzowski J. , Buda R. J. , Costantini M. , Ćwiklińska M. , Garstecki P. , Stone H. A.
Published: February 2022

We study a range of dynamic phenomena including capillary self-assembly and avalanching instabilities in microfluidic ‘threads’ of close-packed monodisperse droplets with applications to extrusion and printing of foams and dense microgel suspensions.
Enantioselective construction of spiro-tetrahydroquinoline scaffolds through asymmetric catalytic cascade reactions
Authors: Zhang Jia-Lu , Ma Rui , Zhao Huan-Huan , Xu Peng-Fei
Published: February 2022

We have successfully merged a spiro-tetrahydroquinoline with spiro-benzofuranone into a single new scaffold through asymmetric catalytic cascade reaction with good yields, and high enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities.
Correction: Theoretical and experimental study on the O(3P) + 2,5-dimethylfuran reaction in the gas phase
Authors: Giustini Andrea , Aschi Massimiliano , Park Heejune , Meloni Giovanni
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Theoretical and experimental study on the O(3P) + 2,5-dimethylfuran reaction in the gas phase’ by Andrea Giustini et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 19424–19434, DOI: 10.1039/D1CP01724A.
Crumpled graphene microspheres anchored on NiCo2O4 nanoparticles as an advanced composite electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors with ultralong cycling life
Authors: Yuan Ruiwen , Chen Wenxiao , Zhang Jingyuan , Zhang Lu , Ren Hao , Miao Tianyu , Wang Zhuo , Zhan Ke , Zhu Min , Zhao Bin
Published: February 2022

By rationally designing the NiCo2O4/CGM cathode, an asymmetric supercapacitor with ultralong cycling life was constructed.
Chemical-biological degradation of polyethylene combining Baeyer–Villiger oxidation and hydrolysis reaction of cutinase
Authors: Kong Demin , Wang Lei , Chen Xiaoqian , Xia Wei , Su Lingqia , Zuo Fangyuan , Yan Zhengfei , Chen Sheng , Wu Jing
Published: February 2022

Polyethylene is widely used in daily life, but its efficient degradation has long been a problem. In the paper, the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation and hydrolysis reaction of cutinase were combined to as a new degradation pathway of polyethylene.
Towards polymerase-mediated synthesis of artificial RNA–DNA metal base pairs
Authors: Levi-Acobas Fabienne , McKenzie Luke K. , Hollenstein Marcel
Published: February 2022

Polymerase-mediated synthesis of RNA-DNA metal base pairs.
Modular synthesis of triazoles from 2-azidoacrylamides having a nucleophilic amino group
Authors: Takemura Hinano , Orimoto Gaku , Kobayashi Akihiro , Hosoya Takamitsu , Yoshida Suguru
Published: February 2022

Assembling methods using 2-azidoacrylamides having an amino group are disclosed, and they were used to synthesize 2-azidoacrylamides having a fluorosulfonyl group. We achieved consecutive click reactions using the new trivalent platform.
Polymorphism of boron phosphide: theoretical investigation and experimental assessment
Authors: Solozhenko Vladimir L. , Matar Samir F.
Published: February 2022

Stable crystal structures of wurtzite and recently discovered rhombohedral polymorphs of boron phosphide were obtained based on crystal chemistry rationale and unconstrained geometry optimization calculations within density functional theory.
Whole-genome methods to define DNA and histone accessibility and long-range interactions in chromatin
Authors: Marr Luke T. , Jaya Prasoon , Mishra Laxmi N. , Hayes Jeffrey J.
Published: February 2022

Defining the genome-wide chromatin landscape has been a goal of experimentalists for decades. Here we review highlights of these efforts, from seminal experiments showing discontinuities in chromatin structure related to gene activation to extensions of these methods elucidating general features of chromatin related to gene states by exploiting deep sequencing methods. We also review chromatin conformational capture methods to identify patterns in long-range interactions between genomic loci.
Inferiority complex: why do sensory ion channels multimerize?
Authors: Gamper Nikita , Shah Shihab
Published: February 2022

Peripheral somatosensory nerves are equipped with versatile molecular sensors which respond to acute changes in the physical environment. Most of these sensors are ion channels that, when activated, depolarize the sensory nerve terminal causing it to generate action potentials, which is the first step in generation of most somatic sensations, including pain. The activation and inactivation of sensory ion channels is tightly regulated and modulated by a variety of mechanisms. Amongst such mechanisms is the regulation of sensory ion channel activity via direct molecular interactions with other proteins in multi-protein complexes at the plasma membrane of sensory nerve terminals. In this brief review, we will consider several examples of such complexes formed around a prototypic sensory receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). We will also discuss some inherent conceptual difficulties arising from the multitude of reported complexes.
RLbR: A reinforcement learning based V2V routing framework for offloading 5G cellular IoT
Authors: Lu Yaoguang , Wang Xingwei , Li Fuliang , Yi Bo , Huang Min
Published: February 2022

5G cellular IoT has several advantages compared to other access technologies, enabling operators to serve a wider area and more IoT devices. However, in the urban transportation system, a massive number of vehicles exhaust the available resources in the cell, resulting in excessive load in the 5G cellular network. This article proposes a novel reinforcement learning based V2V routing (RLbR) framework, which offloads non‐realtime traffic into the V2V network and significantly relieves the load of 5G cellular network. Meanwhile, we propose a V2V routing algorithm. Specifically, the Q‐values of neighbouring vehicles are firstly calculated according to the cache factor CF and energy factor EF and evaluate the quality of neighbouring vehicles. Then, the position factor PF is calculated, based on which, the vehicle forwards the data packet. In addition, an environment model is designed to accelerate the convergence of Q‐table. The results show that the RLbR framework brings the highest offload rate compared to the other three frameworks, and simultaneously, the proposed algorithm improves the lifetime of the V2V network and performs well in terms of delivery ratio and average delay.
Simple algorithm for fault detection, classification and direction discrimination in power systems based on digital current signals processing
Authors: Mahmoud Ragab Abd Allah
Published: February 2022

A power system suffers from unexpected various faults, which needs smart devices for accurate estimates of fault detection, classification and direction discrimination to provide inspection, maintenance, and repair of the actual faults. Signal processing‐based protection technique can be used to detect the disturbances of the measured signals. This paper presents a digital protection scheme, based on three indices derived from the three‐phase input and output current signals of the protected equipment, to detect current disturbances, classify faults, discriminate fault directions, select faulty phase(s), define current unbalances, and identify CT saturation extent. Moreover, it develops a new closed‐tripping characteristic with a quadrilateral form for differentiating the fault location (internal/external) with respect to the element protection zone. A power system simulation is carried out using ATP platform, and the technique performance is validated via MATLAB software. Extensive simulation case studies show that the proposed algorithm provides a fast relay response and high accuracy under various operating and fault conditions. It is able to perform successfully the function of fault diagnosis within one periodic cycle. Besides, it responds very well with regard to dependability, security, stability and sensitivity. In addition to that it has the ability to recognize the saturated and unsaturated secondary current signals, measured using the current transformers, in the cases of internal and external faults.
WALANT – Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet: Komplikationen bei elektiven und akut-traumatologischen handchirurgischen Eingriffen
Authors: Wieschollek Stefanie , Forster Selma , Megerle Kai
Published: February 2022

Hintergrund Die als WALANT (Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet) bekannte Anästhesiemethode wird immer beliebter. Die Vorteile sind oft beschrieben. Komplikationen wurden bislang kaum aufgearbeitet. Daher haben wir unser Patientengut hinsichtlich Art und Häufigkeit von Komplikationen retrospektiv ausgewertet.

Patienten und Methoden Zwischen Januar 2013 und Juni 2017 wurden die Komplikationen eines einzelnen Operateurs untersucht. Eingeschlossen wurden alle elektiven (n = 195) und akuten (n = 90) in WALANT durchgeführten Operationen. Das Mindestalter der Patienten betrug 18 Jahre. Bei allen Patienten wurde Articain 1 % mit Suprarenin (1:200 000) angewandt. Injiziert wurden unterschiedliche Mengen mit einer Einwirkzeit von mindestens 30 Minuten. Komplikationen wurden retrospektiv anhand der Patientenakten sowie durch telefonische Befragung durchschnittlich 73 Wochen postoperativ anhand eines standardisierten Fragebogens erfasst.

Ergebnisse Bei 285 Patienten traten insgesamt 13 (4,6 %) Komplikationen auf. Bei einem Patienten trat nach Injektion von 16 ml Articain/Suprarenin ein Koronarspasmus auf, welcher nach Gabe von Nitro-Spray sistierte. Bei einem Patienten mit Gefäß-Nervenbündel-Verletzung in der Hohlhand lag nach 60 Minuten keine ausreichende Bluttrockenheit vor, sodass zur Exploration kurz eine Blutsperre angelegt wurde. Bei einem Patienten musste bei Beugesehnentenolyse auf eine Vollnarkose mit Tourniquet gewechselt werden, da hier durch ausgeprägtes Narbengewebe keine ausreichende Vasokonstriktion erreicht wurde. Ein Patient klagte über eine lange gerötete Injektionsstelle, 2 Patienten zeigten flächenhafte Rötungen am Handrücken und 7 Patienten berichteten über mehr als eine Woche anhaltende Schwellungen der Hand.

Schlussfolgerung Die WALANT-Methode ist sicher. Perioperative Komplikationen sind selten. Dennoch gilt es einige Nachteile der Methode zu bedenken.

Bei Gefäßverletzungen, insbesondere an den Fingern, sollte die Perfusion kritisch beobachtet und der „off-label-use“ bedacht werden, ebenso bei kardial vorerkrankten Patienten. Bei Verletzungen in der Hohlhand kann die kurzzeitige Anlage eines Tourniquets vonnöten sein. Voroperiertes Gewebe scheint eher ungeeignet, da hier eventuell keine ausreichende Diffusion mehr gegeben ist. In seltenen Fällen kann es zu anhaltenden Rötungen oder Schwellungen kommen. Generell ist abzuwägen, ob der Patient für eine Operation in örtlicher Betäubung geeignet ist.
Molecular Descriptors and QSAR Models for Sedative Activity of Sesquiterpenes Administered to Mice via Inhalation
Authors: Dougnon Godfried , Ito Michiho
Published: February 2022

Essential oils are often utilized for therapeutic purposes and are composed of complex structural molecules, including sesquiterpenes, with high molecular weight and potential for
stereochemistry. A detailed study on the properties of selected sesquiterpenes was conducted as part of a broader investigation on the effects of sesquiterpenes on the central nervous
system. A set of 18 sesquiterpenes, rigorously selected from an original list of 114, was divided into 2 groups i.e., the training and test sets, with each containing 9 compounds. The
training set was evaluated for the sedative activity in mice through inhalation, and all compounds were sedatives at any dose in the range of 4 × 10−4–4 × 10−2 mg/cage,
except for curzerene. Molecular determinants of the sedative activities of sesquiterpenes were evaluated using quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) and structure–activity
relationship (SAR) analyses. An additional test set of six compounds obtained from the literature was utilized for validating the QSAR model. The parental carbonyl cation and an
oxygen-containing groups are possible determinants of sedative activity. The QSAR study using multiple regression models could reasonably predict the sedative activity of sesquiterpenes with
statistical parameters such as the correlation coefficient r2 = 0.82 > 0.6 and q2
LOO = 0.71 > 0.5 obtained using the leave-one-out cross-validation
technique. Molar refractivity and the number of hydrogen bond acceptors were statistically important in predicting the activities. The present study could help predict the sedative activity
of additional sesquiterpenes, thus accelerating the process of drug development.
Surgical Outcomes Following Vestibular Schwannoma Resection in Patients over the Age of Sixty-five
Authors: Strickland Ben A. , Rennert Rob , Zada Gabriel , Shahrestani Shane , Russin Jonathan J. , Friedman Rick A. , Giannotta Steven L.
Published: February 2022

Objective Vestibular schwannoma (VS) are benign, often slow growing neoplasms. Some institutions opt for radiosurgery in symptomatic patients of advanced age versus surgical resection. The aim of the study is to analyze surgical outcomes of VS in patients over the age of 65 who were either not candidates for or refused radiosurgery.

Methods This includes retrospective analysis of VS patients between 1988 and 2020. Demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical records, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Patient preference for surgery over radiosurgery was recorded in the event that patients were offered both. Facial nerve outcomes were quantified using House-Brackmann (HB) scores. Tumor growth was defined by increase in size of >2 mm.

Results In total, 64 patients were included of average age 72.4 years (65–84 years). Average maximum tumor diameter was 29 mm (13–55 mm). Forty-five patients were offered surgery or GKRS, and chose surgery commonly due to radiation aversion (48.4%). Gross total resection was achieved in 39.1% (n = 25), near total 32.8% (n = 21), and subtotal 28.1% (n = 18). Average hospitalization was 5 days [2–17] with 75% (n = 48) discharged home. Postoperative HB scores were good (HB1–2) in 43.8%, moderate (HB3–4) in 32.8%, and poor (HB5–6) in 23.4%. HB scores improved to good in 51.6%, moderate in 31.3%, and remained poor in 17.1%, marking a rate of facial nerve improvement of 10.9%. Tumor control was achieved in 95.3% of cases at an average follow-up time of 37.8 months.

Conclusion VS resection can be safely performed in patients over the age of 65. Advanced age should not preclude a symptomatic VS patient from being considered for surgical resection.
Therapeutic Strategies in Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage and Outcomes
Authors: Singh Amanjung , Trivedi Radhika , Ahmed Nasim
Published: February 2022

Background Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TICH) and its progression have historically resulted in poor prognosis and functional disability. Such outcomes can impact the daily lives and financial condition of patients' families as well as add burden to the health care system. This review examines the diverse therapeutic intervention that were observed in randomized clinical trials (RCT) on various outcomes. Many demographic and clinical risk factors have been identified for poor prognosis after a TICH. Among the many therapeutic strategies studied, few found to have some beneficial effect in minimizing the progression of hemorrhage and reducing the overall mortality.

Methods A literature review was conducted of all relevant sources using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to include articles that were RCTs for patients aged 18 years and above to include a total of 19 articles.

Results Across studies, many therapies have been assessed; however, only few findings including infusion of tranexamic acid (TXA), use of β-blocker, and early operative evacuation of TICH yielded favorable results. Use of steroid and blood transfusion to target higher hemoglobin levels showed evidence of adversely impacting the outcome.

Conclusion Of the many therapeutic strategies available for TICH, very few therapies have proven to be beneficial