bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, KOMPENSASI, PELATIHAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL SE- PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Irianti Cici , Agusdin Agusdin , Hermanto Hermanto
Published: September 2018

This research is aimed at analyzing the effect of leadership on work satisfaction, the effect ofcompensation on work satisfaction, the effect of training and development on work satisfaction, theeffect of leadership of productivity, the effect of compensation on productivity, the effect of trainingand development on productivity, and the effect of work satisfaction on productivity of the ofemployees of national land agency of West Nusatenggara.This research is quantitative-associative causal study. The respondents are the civil servant ofland agency of West Nusatenggara who had been working for at least 5 years and have the positionof the head off sub-division (echelon IV) in provincial and district office in West Nusatenggara. Theyare 79 respondents from who the data collected through questionnaires. The data were analyzed withPartial Least Square (PLS) using software of SmartPLS version 3.The research showed that leadership has positive but not significant effect on work satisfaction,compensation has positive and significant effect on work satisfaction, training and development haspositive and significant effect on work satisfaction, leadership has positive but not significant effecton productivity, compensation has negative and not significant effect on productivity, training anddevelopment has positive but not significant effect on productivity, work satisfaction has positive andsignificant effect on productivity of employees of national land agency of West Nusatenggara.Compensation has dominant effect on work satisfaction, and work satisfaction also has dominanteffect of the productivity of employees of national land agency of West Nusatenggara.Keywords: leadership, work satisfaction, compensation, training and development, and productivity.
On coc-r-compact spaces
Authors: Aziz Hussain Al-Abdulla Raad , Attala Shneef Fadhel
Published: September 2018

In this.work, We will study a.new class of popularizer open.sets called.coc-r-open sets and we will study its properties too, also we will study coc-r-compact, I-Compact space and the relationship between them, finally we have to get some results that show the relationship between these spaces through some of the theorems obtained by using coc-r-open sets.
Additivity of Higher Multiplicative Mappings in Rings
Authors: C.Shaheen Rajaa
Published: September 2018

We study the additivity of higher multiplicative mappings in rings.
A New Subclass of Harmonic Univalent Functions
Authors: Galib Atshan Waggas , Ali Jiben Al-Ziadi Najah
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we define a new class of harmonic univalent functions of the form  in the open unit disk . We obtain basic properties, like, coefficient bounds, extreme points, convex combination, distortion and growth theorems and integral operator.
Coefficients Bounds for a General Subclasses of m-Fold Symmetric Bi-Univalent Functions
Authors: Galib Atshan Waggas , Ali Jiben Al-Ziadi Najah
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new general subclasses and  of  consisting of analytic and m-fold symmetric  bi-univalent functions in the open unit disk  We obtain estimates on the Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients  and  Also, we obtain new special cases for our results.
Equivalent of permutation polytopes with applications
Authors: A. SALMAN SHATHA , A. HAMEED BATOOL
Published: September 2018

An open conjecture that relates to the equivalents between the permutation polytopes associated to their  groups  is proved and  also the proof  for two permutation groups  which are effectively equivalent implies the permutation polytopes associated to these groups is combinatorial equivalent is given.
SOME RESULTS ABOUT CORETRACTABLE MODULES
Authors: Mohammed Ali Hadi Inaam , Neamah Al-aeashi Shukur
Published: September 2018

Throughout this paper, all rings have identities and all modules are unitary right modules. Let R be a ring and M an R-module. A module M is called coretractable if for each proper submodule N of M, there exists a nonzero homomorphism  f from M/N into M. Our concern in this paper is to develop basic properties of coretractable modules and to look for any relations between coretractable modules and other classes of modules.
SS-Injective Modules and Rings
Authors: Ramadan Mehdi Akeel , Salim Tayyah Adel
Published: September 2018

We introduce and investigate SS-injectivity as a generalization of both soc-injectivity and small injectivity. A right module  over a ring  is said to be SS- -injective (where  is a right -module) if every -homomorphism from a semisimple small submodule of  into  extends to . A module  is said to be SS-injective (resp. strongly SS-injective), if  is SS- -injective (resp. SS- -injective for every right -module ). Some characterizations and properties of (strongly) SS-injective modules and rings are given. Some results on soc-injectivity are extended to SS-injectivity.
(Quasi-)Injective Extending Gamma Modules
Authors: S. Abbas Mehdi , Abdulkadhim Al-Saadi Saad , Allawi Shallal Emad
Published: September 2018

In this paper we introduce and study the concept of injective (Quasi-injective) extending gamma modules as a generalization of injective (Quasi-injective) gamma modules. An module  is called injective (Quasi-injective) extending gamma modules if each proper submodule in  is essential in injective (Quasi-injective) submodule of . The concept of injective extending gamma modules lie between injective gamma modules and quasi-injective gamma modules.
On approximation f by (Î±,Î²,Î³)-Baskakov Operators
Authors: A. AbdulSatter Hanadi
Published: September 2018

In the present paper, we study some application properties of the approximation for the sequences  and   . These sequences depend on the arbitrary (but fixed) parameters  and . Here, we study the effect of these parameters on tends speed of the two families of operators  and  and the CPU times which are occurring on the approximation by a choosing fixed .
T-semimaximal submodules
Authors: Dakhil Shyaa Farhan
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we define and study the notions of t-semimaximal submodule as a generalization of semimaximal submodule. We provided many properties and characterizations of this concept are provided.
Limit Sets and Cartan D â€“ space
Authors: Kareem Abdulla Habeeb , Jebur  Ali Haider , Talip Hussein Ahmed
Published: September 2018

The main goal of this work is to create a general type of D â€“ space , namely, Cartan D â€“ space and a new type of limit sets , namely, limit sets  , and, give some properties and some equivalent statement of these concept also we explain the relationship among the definitions Cartan D â€“ space and  ,
Close-to-convex Function Generates Remarkable Solution of 2^nd order Complex Nonlinear Differential Equations
Authors: S.Alhily Shatha
Published: September 2018

Consider the complex nonlinear differential equation  where  are complex coefficients, and  be a complex function performs non- homogeneous term of given equation.

In  this paper,  we investigated that    is a remarkable solution of given equation and belongs to hardy space  ; with studying the growth of  that solution  by two ways ; through the maximum modulus and Brennanâ€™s Conjecture and  another  by finding the supremum  function of a volume of the surface area  . Furthermore,  we discussed the  solution behaviour  with meromorphic coefficients properties for given equation.
E-Management System of Kirkuk University Based on Distributed Database
Authors: Anwer Qader Banaz , Hasan Jihad Kamal , Najm Alddeen Taher Yalmaz
Published: September 2018

This research includes an analytical study of the administrative and scientific work in departments, branchs and units of the Kirkuk University Presidency. It aims to convert the traditional routine work to the electronic work at the university by applying E-Management technique as one of the required modern logical solutions most commonly used to facilitate the difficulty of managing the vast amount of documents and delaying workflow that facing most institutions and organizations. In view of the increasing and urgent need for the use of E-Management systems throughout all the departments of the university presidency, the Electronic Distributed Kirkuk University Management System (E-DKUMS) is designed by using of Distributed Databases (DDB) technique, as well as using of electronic network infrastructure (LAN) that connects all the university configurations. The results of system implementation demonstrated that it is distinguished with high performance and speed, very high reliability and security, as well as very few employment cost. Test and evaluation results proved the ability of the system to facilitate the progress of managerial functions, reduce the time and effort, and capability of restructuring the administrative structure because of its excellence with flexibility in the creation and deletion departments, branches, and units for the system; in addition to easily troubleshot and fast execution.
Finger print Feature Extraction Using Hybrid Approach: QPSO and Bees Algorithms Based on 3D Logistic Map
Authors: Hayder Abdul Ameer Noor
Published: September 2018

Particle swarm optimization algorithm is easy to access premature convergence in the solution process, and also fall into the local optimal solution. The Bees algorithm is an inference optimization based on the foraging behavior of honey bees. It has been assured that this algorithm is able to search for global optimum, but there is one defect, itâ€™s the fact that the global best solution is not used in a direct manner, but the Bees algorithm stores it of each iteration. We propose a new hybrid approach in order to address these problems, it is between Quantum particle swarm optimization and Bees algorithm based on 3D logistic map. On one hand, the 3D logistic map is employed for initializing uniform distributed particles so as to enhance the initial population quality, which is a very efficient yet simple method for improving the quality of initial population. On the other hand, the essence of this approach is the use Quantum particle swarm optimization for optimum fitness value of population in Bees algorithm. After determining the starting point in the new algorithm, the form of distribution is of circles with random angles and random diagonal where 3D logistic map generate the random numbers. The algorithm was applied for extracting the characteristics of the fingerprint, and the results when compared to the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm were excellent.
Plant layout design and assessment consideration of cellular manufacturing system via G.A
Authors: Aiham Kadhim Alshakarchi Dhurgham , Salman  azeez Maytham
Published: September 2018

Cellular manufacturing  is a wide world and many study and researches discussed are concerning  with  it because of the large demand in market and wheel technology push the scientist to find tools that can stand with this fast change in demand according specific market , so that they invent the best way to deal with optimization purpose. In this research the dealing with cellular  optimization in such a way that can be manageable by AI and using  type of AI that named natural optimization .  The applying of genetic algorithms  was carried out on factory of electrical motor also all data was taken from the factory which is depend on the position and sequence of operations took place in the factory . The theory  in this field were also taking in  consideration and the applications was carried out . the research deals with problem in two way  theoretically  that can take in consideration  the positions of machines inside the plant and its equations that covers with some constraints   and the secondly  the routing of part during product life cycle and execute results and applying it on factory configuration . There are multi solutions (results ) in the research for the problem that can achieve the flexibility , simplicity  and also desired distance
New method for Increasing watermarked image quality and security
Authors: J.S. Al-janabi Rana , J.S. Al-janabi Shroouq , Hussein Toman Zinah
Published: September 2018

Recently, information transmission is done electronically, information can be stored and manipulated easily using computer, information transferring should be done in secure way. Watermark is a technique that can be used to secure data.

In this paper, a new watermark algorithm is proposed which depends on integer wavelet transform, arithmetic encoding and adaptive run length encoding. Adaptive run length encoding is used to compress watermark before embedding process. Arithmetic encoding can be used to compress data in original image that are needed to be retrieved from watermarked images to recover original image without any differences after watermark extraction process.

To avoid the problem of traditional Run Length Encoding Technique that may produce file that is larger than original one. Adaptive run length encoding is suggested which is used to compress watermark in cover image. The adaptive compression technique can be done several times on watermark using different number of bits to represent counts of runs and produce several vectors for number of runs, compare several results and select smallest vector from them. Surely, the smallest vector means that watermarked image will be high quality image; capacity will be better and adaptively ensure embedding process will be more secure.
Adaptive playfair cipher Crypto algorithm
Authors: Abdulkhaleq Noaman Salam
Published: September 2018

A well known cryptographic techniques is Playfair Cryptography, it is considered one of the classical method. After the invention of different techniques, it is easy to break Playfair. This paper proposed some way for removal of the traditional Playfair drawbacks. The Adaptive playfair algorithm proposed in this paper, add more security and complexity to the classical playfair algorithm. In addition to the use of two keys in form of matrices to encrypt the message, the proposed method works depending on using the odd even positions for the every pairs of the letters. The odd pairs encrypt through the first matrix key and the even pairs encrypt by using the second matrix, then applying XOR function with the third key to the result. The resulting cipher text will be in binary form, the plain text obtained by run proposed step backwards.
Prediction by using Artificial Neural Networks and Box-Jenkins methodologies: Comparison Study
Authors: Habib Al- Sharoot Mohammed , Yousif Abdoon Emaan
Published: September 2018

The variations in exchange rate, especially the sudden unexpected increases and decreases, have significant impact on the national economy of any country. Iraq is no exception; therefore, the accurate forecasting of exchange rate of Iraqi dinar to US dollar plays an important role in the planning and decision-making processes as well as the maintenance of a stable economy in Iraq. This research aims to compare Box-Jenkins methodology to neural networks in terms of forecasting the exchange rate of Iraqi dinar to US dollar based on data provided by the Iraqi Central Bank for the period  30/01/2004 and 30/12/2014.

Based on the Mean Square Error (MSE), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as criteria to compare the two methodologies, it was concluded that Box-Jenkins is better than neural network approach in forecasting.
Prediction by using spectral analysis and artificial neural networks methodologies: Comparison Study
Authors: Habib  Al- Sharoot Mohammed , Yousif Abdoon Emaan
Published: September 2018

The variations in exchange rate, especially the sudden unexpected increases and decreases, have significant impact on the national economy of any country. Iraq is no exception; therefore, the accurate forecasting of exchange rate of Iraqi dinar to US dollar plays an important role in the planning and decision-making processes as well as the maintenance of a stable economy in Iraq. This research aims to compare spectral analysis methodology to artificial neural networks in terms of forecasting the exchange rate of Iraqi dinar to US dollar based on data provided by the Iraqi Central Bank for the period 30/01/2004 and 30/12/2014.

Based on the Mean Square Error (MSE), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as criteria to compare the two methodologies, it was concluded that is artificial neural networks better than spectral analysis approach in forecasting.
New Results on Soft Spectral in Soft Banach Algebra
Authors: F. Al-Mayahi Noori , K. Mohammed Hayder
Published: September 2018

In this paper, concepts of soft character, soft division algebra, soft ideal, soft maximal ideals are introduced .Soft Spectral Radius Formula are introduced and proved, some properties of Soft gelfand algebra are proved.
Coefficient Estimates for Subclasses of Bi-Univalent Functions
Authors: Galib Atshan Waggas , Ali Hiress Rajaa
Published: September 2018

In the present paper, we introduce two new subclasses of  the class consisting of analytic and bi-univalent functions in the open unit disk . Also, we obtain the estimates on the Taylor-Maclurin   coefficients and for functions in these subclasses. We obtain new special cases for our results.
Generalizing of Finite Difference Method for Certain Fractional Order Parabolic PDE’s
Authors: Shaltagh Yousif Madeha , Mohamed Shukur Ahmed , Hassan Ouda Eman , Kadhim Salih Raghad
Published: September 2018

Space-time fractional differential equation with integral term (S-TFDE) has been considered.

The finite difference method (implicit and explicit) combined with the trapezoidal integration formula has been used to

find special formula to solve this equation. The stability and convergence have been discussed. The effect of adding an

integral term to the common classical equation has been considered.  Graphical representation of the calculate solutions

(obtained by the explicit and the implicit methods) for three numerical examples with their exact solution, are

considered. All the calculations and graphs are designed with the help of MATLAB.
Certain Types of Complex Lie Group Action
Authors: Khalaf Radhi Ahmed , Hur Majeed Taghreed
Published: September 2018

The main aim in this paper is to look for a novel action with new properties on       from the  , the Literature are concerned with studying the action of  of two representations , one is usual and the other is the dual, while our  interest in this work  is focused on some actions on complex Lie group[10] . Let G be a matrix complex  group , and  is representation of   In this study we will present and analytic  the  concepts of action of complex  group on    We recall the definition of  tensor  product of two representations of  group and construct  the definition of action of   group on , then by using the equivalent  relation   between  and  , we get a new action : The two actions are forming smooth  representation of    This  we have new action which called     denoted by    which acting on     

This  is smooth representation of   The theoretical Justifications are developed and prove supported by some concluding  remarks and illustrations.
Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in a Tapered Asymmetric Channel During Peristaltic Transport of (Pseudoplastic Nanofluid) with Variable Viscosity Under the Effect of (MHD)
Authors: R. Salman Mohammed , M. Abdulhadi Ahmed
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a study and an analysis of a heat and mass transfer during peristaltic flow for a pseudoplastic fluid in asymmetric tapered channel, and  a variable viscosity dependent of a fluid temperature with exist of slip conditions through porous medium and the influence of this conditions on the velocity and pressure, where the wavelength of the peristaltic flow is a long and the Reynold number is very small. The solution of equations for the momentum and energy have been on the basis of a perturbation technique for a found the stream function, velocity, pressure gradient and temperature and also have been discussed the trapping phenomenon by the graphs.
Permuting Jordan Left Tri – Derivations On Prime and semiprime rings
Authors: O. Karim Mazen
Published: September 2018

Let  be a 2 and 3 – torsion free prime ring then  if  admits a non-zero Jordan  left tri- derivation   ,   then  is commutative ,also we give some properties of permuting left tri - derivations.
On the NBC-Bases of product hypersolvable arrangements
Authors: Abd Ulrazaq Mayadah
Published: September 2018

This paper aims centered around the product of hypersolvable arrangements by using the hypersolvable partition analogue by proving that each of  and  are hypersolvable if  is a hypersolvable, also each of  and  are supersolvable if  is supersolvable. Moreover, this paper show how to prove that the dimension of the first non-vanishing higher homotopy groups of the complement  is .
Hybrid Approach to Detect Spam Emails using Preventive and Curing Techniques
Authors: Salman Ibrahim Dheyab
Published: September 2018

A file that has to be moved between two schemes can be moved through the network. Security needed between the sender and the receiver. Electronic mails are fastest way of communication and information sharing, but in new years, Email system has been changed, which known Spam Mails. Spam is information, which is spread to a big number of receivers without telling them. Now, a number of techniques have been proposed to stop spam. Filters for anti-spam can be worked in two methods: Preventive techniques and Curing Techniques; The Preventive techniques are Stop Spam before delivery which are depend on URL Based and List Based.  Such as whitelisting, blacklisting. The Curing Technique is Destination Spam Filtering that used is Content Based Filtering. The Curing Technique, the messages are categorized as Spam or not Spam based on these techniques. Such as Bayesian filtering, keyword-based ﬁltering, heuristic-based ﬁltering, etc. In this study introduce combining preventive techniques and curing techniques to get good algorithm.
Intergenerational Mobility: Evidence from Pakistan Panel
Household Survey
Authors: Javed Sajid Amin , Irfan Mohammad
Published: September 2018

Pakistan over the years, since its independence in 1947, had a
rather erratic growth profile but on average GDP growth rate hovered
around 5 percent per annum with per capita income growth ranging between
2 to 3 percent. The structure of the economy graduated from being
predominantly agriculture in 1950s to being service sector orientated
since the turn of the century. The manufacturing sector grew from almost
insignificance in 1947 to a reasonable level accounting for around one
third of the GDP. The demographic inertia associated with unchecked
population growth and emergence of job opportunities in urban areas led
to massive rural to urban migration, which resulted in a rather high
level of urbanisation. Concomitant changes in both the urban and rural
labour markets are visible too. Not only did average years of schooling
of the labour force rise but also changes in occupational classification
suggest a relative rise
Energy, Emissions and the Economy: Empirical Analysis from Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Tariq Mahmood  , Sadaf Shahab
Published: September 2018

It is now an established fact that the most important environmental problem of our era is global warming.1 The rising quantity of worldwide carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions seems to be escalating this problem. As the emissions generally result from consumption of fossil fuels, decreasing energy spending seems to be the direct way of handling the emissions problem. However, because of the possible negative impacts on economic growth, cutting the energy utilisation is likely to be the “less preferred road”. Moreover, if the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis applies to the emissions and income link, economic growth by itself may become a solution to the problem of environmental degradation [Rothman and de Bruyn (1998)]. Coondoo and Dinda (2002), however, argue that both developing and developed economies must sacrifice economic growth. Still, countries may opt for different policies to fight global environmental problems, mainly depending on the type of relationship between CO2 emissions, income, and energy consumption over the long run [Soytas and Sari (2006)]. Hence, the emissions-energy-income nexus needs to be studied carefully and in detail for every economy, but more so for the developing countries. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and the economy in Pakistan from a long run perspective, in a multivariate framework controlling for gross fixed capital, labour and exports by employing ARDL bounds testing approach.
Re-estimation of Keynesian Model by Considering Critical Events and Multiple Cointegrating Vectors
Authors: Hafsa Hina  , Abdul Qayyum
Published: September 2018

This study employs the Mundell (1963) and Fleming (1962) traditional flow model of exchange rate to examine the long run behaviour of rupee/US $ exchange rate for Pakistan economy over the period 1982:Q1 to 2010:Q2. This study investigates the effect of output levels, interest rates and prices and different shocks on exchange rate. Hylleberg, Engle, Granger, and Yoo (HEGY) (1990) unit root test confirms the presence of non-seasonal unit root and finds no evidence of biannual and annual frequency unit root in the level of series. Johansen and Juselious (1988, 1992) likelihood ratio test indicates three long-run cointegrating vectors. Cointegrating vectors are uniquely identified by imposing structural economic restrictions on purchasing power parity (PPP), uncovered interest parity (UIP) and current account balance. Finally, the short-run dynamic error correction model is estimated on the basis of identified cointegrated vectors. The speed of adjustment coefficient indicates that 17 percent of divergence from long-run equilibrium exchange rate path is being corrected in each quarter. US war with Afghanistan has significant impact on rupee in short run because of high inflows of US aid to Pakistan after 9/11. Finally, the parsimonious short run dynamic error correction model is able to beat the naïve random walk model at out of sample forecasting horizons. JEL Classification: F31, F37, F47 Keywords: Exchange Rate Determination, Keynesian Model, Cointegration, Out of Sample Forecasting, Random Walk Model
Why Nations Fail? (Keynote Video Lecture)
Authors: Daron Acemoglu
Published: September 2018

First of all, it is a great pleasure to be here. Thank you for inviting me. Given that communicating from a far is not the easiest thing to do, what I have decided to do is to give a quick overview of the arguments that have emerged from the book that James and I wrote. In fact, this book is a synthesis of about 16 years of research that James and I did. I think it is fair to say that a lot of economic development and economic growth is motivated by patterns that are reported in the book. In particular, this is data from Angus Madison’s life’s work, which is not entirely uncontroversial, but the overall pattern here is fairly uncontroversial. The patterns that we observe have actually been in the background of many attempts to understand long patterns of economic development. I think they also point out that it is going to be very difficult to understand why certain parts of the world that were either on par with, say, Asia, in particular the Indian Subcontinent and China, have increased their income per capita and their prosperity so much in 500 years leading to today, particularly from the period around early 1800s to essentially to the end of the World War II, where there is this big divergence taking place. The trends in economic development show that United States of America, Canada, New Zealand and Australia have pulled so much ahead of, say, Asia, where both India, the Indian Subcontinent in this case, and China more or less show the same picture, where there is not much growth going on until the end of the World War II.
Pakistan’s Bilateral Trade under MFN and SAFTA: Do Institutional and Non-Institutional Arrangements Matter?
Authors: Nasir Iqbal  , Saima Nawaz
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this study is two fold. First, to estimate the impact of institutional and non-institutional arrangements on bilateral trade, and second to analyse the impact of SAFTA on bilateral trade in the short as well as in the long run. The empirical analysis which is based on the panel of eight South Asian countries, comprising data over the period i.e. 1975–2013 is conducted using fixed effects model along with Pooled Mean-Group (PMG) estimator for estimating the short and long-run relationships. The analysis has shown that trade agreements including South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) and the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) are not effective in promoting trade, due to low institutional quality and stringent non-institutional arrangements, including high tariff along with low physical infrastructure. Further empirical analysis has shown that both SAFTA and MFN can only contribute to bilateral trade significantly, if complemented by institutional framework. As a policy lesson, to improve the trade ties between India and Pakistan, improvement in physical as well as soft infrastructure is required. Any trade agreements between the two, including MFN can only be effective, when it is supported by a well-defined and enforced institutional framework that ensure the implementation of policy reforms needed to reduce tariff rate and remove non-tariff barriers.
Pakistan: State Autonomy, Extraction, and Elite Capture—A Theoretical Configuration
Authors: Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmed
Published: September 2018

―When groups are adequately stated, everything is stated!‖1 Management of actions and interest groups has historically been sovereign‘s existentialist imperative. The paper revitalizes philosophical state autonomy debate and then narrows down its focus to capture extractive antics of as erratic a state as Pakistan. A typology of factions – captioned as Elites – operative in extractive realm of Pakistan is developed to round them in theory, identify their properties, and lay bare mechanics of intra-elite and elite-non-elite transactions. The paper seminally develops the rational actor dilemma confronting Pakistani elites and identifies the modes through which the dilemma plausibly resolves itself. The transactional engagement between Pakistan‘s internal and external rational actors is dissected to theorize that Pakistan essentially is an equilibrium consensus subsistence state thereby opening up vast vistas for future research. The paper concludes with the glum finding that Pakistan in its current essence and manifestation is fundamentally a captive state – beholden to elites of Pakistan. JEL Classification: H1 Keywords: State Autonomy; Elite Capture; Pakistan‘s Tax System; Pakistani Elites; Elites‘ Rational Actor Dilemma; Equilibrium Consensus Subsistence State; Captive State
Advertising Mortgages in the United Kingdom.docx
Authors: Mogaji Emmanuel
Published: September 2018

Structured Abstract:

Purpose:
To examine trends in the use of advertising appeals
by banks in the UK advertising mortgages, based on a content analysis of the
newspaper advertisements of banks, using a coding system to enable an
observation of the content of communication and its categorisation, in order to
observe trends and frequencies, make comparisons and deduce meanings.

 Design/methodology/approach:
Mortgage advertisements in 9 National newspapers
over twelve consecutive months were content analysed. The advertising appeals, advertisement size,
colour and targeted consumers were observed and analysed by two independent
coders. Intercoder reliability was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa.

Findings:
Rates of borrowing and for comparisons were
generally presented in UK Mortgage advertisements, first-time buyers were
however targeted differently with emotionally appealing advertisements in colourful
large advert sizes while advertisements targeted towards existing home owners
were printed in single colours and in smaller advert sizes.

Social
implications: As
the demand for new homes continues to grow in UK, decisions regarding mortgage
advertising strategies are critical. It is expected that advertisers will
provide first-time buyers, in particular, with relevant information which are
truthful, clear, fair and not misleading. It is important that consumers are
aware of these rates and charges and do not find themselves caught up in the
euphoria of easy and cheap loans from the lenders, which they might not be able
to repay.

Originality/value: Perhaps the first attempt at analysing mortgages
advertisements in newspapers in the UK, post the global financial crisis. Most
previous studies have confined themselves to magazine advertisements.
2015 YILI ULUSAL İSTİHDAM STRATEJİ BAĞLAMINDA GENÇ İŞSİZLİĞİNİ AZALTMAYA YÖNELİK POLİTİKALARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ES Muharrem , GÜVEN Gülhan
Published: September 2018

Günümüzde küresel bir sorun haline gelen genç işsizliği, çoğu ülkede
olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de çözülemeyen bir sosyal politika sorunudur. Türkiye’de
genç işsizliğinin çözülememesinin nedenleri olarak; artan genç nüfusa karşılık
yeni istihdam olanaklarının oluşturulamaması, gençlerin aldığı eğitim ile
piyasadaki açık işler arasındaki beceri uyumsuzluğu, işverenler deneyimsiz
gençlerin işgücü maliyetlerini arttıracağı endişesiyle tercih etmemeleri olarak
sıralanabilir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’de genç işsizliğin nedenlerini ortadan
kaldırmak ve genç işsizliğini azaltarak istihdama daha fazla katılımları
sağlamak amacı ile 2012 yılında taslak halinde sosyal taraflara sunulan ve 2014
yılında yürürlüğe giren Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi (UİS) ile ciddi hedefler
ortaya koyulmuştur. Bu çalışmada da genç işsizliğinin çözümüne yönelik
oluşturulan, 2015 yılı ulusal istihdam stratejisi hedefleri incelenerek
ulaşılan veya ulaşılamayan hedefler üzerinde durulacak ve durum analizi
yapılacaktır.
TRA1 BÖLGESİNDE KADININ İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMININ BELİRLEYİCİLERİNİN LOGİT MODEL İLE ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖZGENÇ Enzel , ÖZER Hüseyin
Published: September 2018

İnsanlığın varoluşundan beri kadınlar, neredeyse her dönemde dünya
nüfusunun yarısını oluşturmaktadırlar. Bundan dolayı, kadınlar tarihin her
döneminde ekonomik ve toplumsal yaşamda erkekler kadar etkili rol
oynamışlardır. Dolayısıyla kadınların ekonomik üretime katılımı insanlık tarihi
kadar eskidir. Ancak kadının ücretli olarak işgücü piyasalarında yer alması
sanayi devrimi ile başlamıştır. Kadın işgücüne katılımını sanayileşmeden daha
fazla etkileyen olay ise II. Dünya Savaşı olmuştur. Fakat kadının işgücü
piyasalarında yer almasını sağlayan bu nedenlerden hiç biri kadının ikincil
işgücü olarak nitelendirilmesini engelleyememiştir. Bu çalışmada, TRA1
Bölgesinde (Erzurum, Erzincan, Bayburt) kadının işgücüne katılımını etkileyen
faktörlerin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. 2005-2015 dönemine ait panel veri seti
kullanılarak TRA1 Bölgesinde kadının işgücüne katılımını etkileyen faktörler
logit modeli ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Harmonic Scalpel over Electrocautery, Evaluation of Peroperative Blood Loss in Selective Neck Dissection: A Comparative Study
Authors: Agrawal Manish , Thakur Sanjeev Kumar , Rahman Quazi Billur , Agrawal Atul Kumar , Agrawal Nancy Bansal
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The use of Harmonic Scalpel (HS) over Electrocautery (EC) in neck dissection has become standard of care in recent years. However, both the devices are presently widely used in practice and still serve large number of patients globally according to surgeon's choice and cost effectiveness.Objective: To evaluate the amount of peroperative blood loss in cancer patient undergoing selective neck dissection (Levels I, II and III) with Harmonic Scalpel (HS) and Electrocautery (EC).Methodology: The study was performed in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Biratnagar Hospital PVT LTD and Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal from June 2012 to February 2018. A total of 40 patients, 27 male and 13 female, aged 45 to 70 years diagnosed with oral cavity cancer were included in this prospective study. Two groups were formed, 20 patients in each group based on the surgical instrument used; Harmonic Scalpel (HS) and Electrocautery (EC). Data for age and sex of the patients were collected preoperatively. The surgery was performed under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation and standard protocol was maintained during surgery. Amount of peroperative blood loss was measured and recorded. Data was processed and analyzed using SPSS and was compiled and test of significance was done using unpaired't' test.Results: The amount of peroperative blood loss was significantly lower in Harmonic Scalpel (HS) group then in Electrocautery (EC) group.Conclusion: Results from this study suggests that the Harmonic Scalpel (HS) is an effective device to reduce peroperative blood loss during selective neck dissection.  BJHS 2018;3(2)6: 475-479
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of fruit extracts of Berberis species from Nepal
Authors: Dhungel Sarala , Joshi Giri Prasad , Pant Deepak Raj
Published: September 2018

The Himalayan region is rich in flowering plants diversity, including medicinal and wild edible plants. These plants possess variety of therapeutically important compounds, like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids in different parts. Presence of significant amount of these compounds makes a species valuable to be used as super foods or medicines. Furthermore, plant extracts especially those of fruits are basically attributed with natural antioxidants, either in form of vitamins or color-inducing pigments, which have become the target to replace the synthetic antioxidants. In this regard, fruits of Berberis species, one of the popular wild edible fruits of Nepal, are noted for their antioxidant property since time immemorial. The present study was done with an attempt to quantify the antioxidant potential and antibacterial activities of the fruit extracts of four taxa of Berberis (B. angulosa var. angulosa, B. angulosa var. fasciculata, B. aristata and B. asiatica) from Nepal and to correlate the antioxidant potential with various phytochemicals present in the extracts. Methanolic fruit extracts were used to spectrophotometrically quantify total phenolic and flavonoid contents. DPPH free radical scavenging assay and antibacterial assay were carried out in in-vitro condition. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed high polyphenol content (52.60 ± 3.73 and 58.07 ± 1.44 mg GAE/g) and better antioxidant property (35.29 ± 3.01 and 29.15 ± 2.01 μg/ml) respectively in B. angulosa var. angulosa and B. angulosa var. fasciculata than in the fruit extracts of B. aristata and B. asiatica. In contrast, fruit extracts of B. asiatica showed the highest total flavonoid content (27.52 ± 0.56 mg QE/g) than did by the extracts of other taxa studied. The fruit extract of B. aristata and B. angulosa var. fasciculata at very high concentration (200 mg/ml) showed maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) against tested bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In contrast, B. asiatica did not show any ZOI for both of the tested bacterial strains. As fruits are better sources of antioxidant with greater accumulation of flavonoids and phenolics, wild fruits should be equally spaced for their better efficiency as cultivated ones.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2016) 10: 6–11
Konzept zur Oberflächenkonditionierung beim kryogenen Hartdrehen
Authors: Hotz Hendrik , Ströer Felix , Heberger Lukas , Kirsch Benjamin , Smaga Marek , Beck Tilmann , Seewig Jörg , Aurich Jan C.
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Beim Hartdrehen führt eine kryogene Prozesskühlung gegenüber der Trockenbearbeitung zu vorteilhafteren Randschichtzuständen. Im Drehprozess auftretende Störgrößen können jedoch zu Abweichungen vom angestrebten Randschichtzustand führen. Diese unerwünschten Abweichungen können das Bauteilverhalten im Einsatz negativ beeinflussen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, welches es ermöglicht, die im Drehprozess auftretenden Störgrößen zu kompensieren, um somit definierte Randschichtzustände robust einzustellen.
Bahá’í Approach to the Claim of Exclusivity and Uniqueness in Christianity
Authors: Fazel Seena , Fananapazir Khazeh
Published: September 2018

This article examines the nature of the claims of exclusivity in Christianity. Differing interpretations of certain scriptural passages have led to conflicts within the church and also between Christianity and other faiths. A Bahá’í approach is offered to reconcile these conflicts. The language of the Gospels is examined using insights gained from the Bahá’í writings and from contemporary Christian thinking. This perspective in the context of progressive revelation provides a rational framework on which similar issues in other religions can be approached.
Fighting Invasive Infrastructures
Authors: Spice Anne
Published: September 2018

In the settler colonial context of so-called Canada, oil and gas projects are contemporary infrastructures of invasion. This article tracks how the state discourse of “critical infrastructure” naturalizes the environmental destruction wrought by the oil and gas industry while criminalizing Indigenous resistance. I review anthropological work to analyze the applicability of the concept of infrastructure to Indigenous struggles against resource extraction. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Indigenous land defense movements against pipeline construction, I argue for an alternative approach to infrastructure that strengthens and supports the networks of human and other-than-human relations that continue to make survival possible for Indigenous peoples.
Settler Colonialism, Ecology, and Environmental Injustice
Authors: Whyte Kyle
Published: September 2018

Settler colonialism is a form of domination that violently disrupts human relationships with the environment. Settler colonialism is ecological domination, committing environmental injustice against Indigenous peoples and other groups. Focusing on the context of Indigenous peoples’ facing US domination, this article investigates philosophically one dimension of how settler colonialism commits environmental injustice. When examined ecologically, settler colonialism works strategically to undermine Indigenous peoples’ social resilience as self determining collectives. To understand the relationships connecting settler colonialism, environmental injustice, and violence, the article first engages Anishinaabe intellectual traditions to describe an Indigenous conception of social resilience called collective continuance. One way in which settler colonial violence commits environmental injustice is through strategically undermining Indigenous collective continuance. At least two kinds of environmental injustices demonstrate such violence: vicious sedimentation and insidious loops. The article seeks to contribute to knowledge of how anti-Indigenous settler colonialism and environmental injustice are connected.
Cotton and Salt: Swedish Colonial Aspirations and the Transformation of Saint Barthélemy in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Weiss Holger , Hollsten Laura , Norrgård Stefan
Published: September 2018

The environmental history of the Caribbean has been strongly associated with the consequences of sugar cane agriculture and extreme weather phenomena. Consequently, other aspects of environmental change at play in the Caribbean region have remained less known. However, islands such as Anguilla, Barbuda, and Saint Barthélemy had no or very few sugar plantations. The fact that non-sugar producing islands had to find other ways of supporting themselves shaped their environmental history in ways that differed from that of the sugar islands. These alternative environmental histories deserve to be highlighted when presenting the historiography of the Caribbean. In this article, the island of Saint Barthélemy serves as a case study of an island where sugar cane agriculture was absent and tropical storms and hurricanes were of lesser consequence. In outlining the environmental history of Saint Barthélemy during the first decades of Swedish colonial rule, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the article shows that the Swedish takeover resulted in environmental changes. Sweden's ambitions and expectations concerning the improvement of the island were initially high and much effort was put into the development of the economy. The rationale for the Swedish plans was to exploit the few and scarce resources of the island, but it was the harbour that became the most successful endeavour.
Pengembangan Sistem Pakar sebagai Bahan Ajar dalam Pembelajaran Fisiologi Hewan sub Materi Fisiologi Sirkulasi
Authors: Hernawan Hudiana , Sidiq Purnomo
Published: September 2018

Rendahnya mutu pendidikan di Indonesia salahsatu penyebabnya adalah minimnya sumber bahan ajar yangdapat dimanfaatkan, baik oleh mahasiswa maupun dosen.Bahan ajar yang tersedia saat ini masih konvensional danbelum dapat meningkatkan minat dan motivasi mahasiswauntuk mempelajarinya. Disamping itu, metode pembelajaranyang dipergunakan selama ini masih menggunakan metodekonvensional. Kondisi ini akan membuat kesulitan danketidakmandirian mahasiwa yang pada gilirannya akanmenyebabkan rendahnya mutu pendidikan. Bahan ajaryang tersedia saat ini masih konvensional dan belum dapatmeningkatkan minat belajar mahasiswa. Tersedianya sumberbelajar yang ekonomis, praktis dan sederhana, fleksibel,relevan, dan memiliki nilai positif akan mendukung kegiatanpembelajaran yang lebih efektif serta memudahkan mencapaitujuan pembelajaran. Salah satu alternatif pemecahanmasalah ini adalah dengan memanfaatkan TeknologiInformasi. Teknologi informasi (Information Technology)meliputi segala hal yang berkaitan dengan proses, penggunaansebagai alat bantu, manipulasi, dan pengelolaan informasiyang menggabungkan komputasi komputer dengan jalurkomunikasi berkecepatan tinggi yang membawa data, suara,dan gambar. Salah satu produk Teknologi Informasi, yaituaplikasi Sistem Pakar. Produk ini dapat mengintegrasikanantara teknologi komputer dengan pembelajaran, tidak hanyatekstual tapi juga visual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untukmerancang dan mengembangkan Sistem Pakar, sedangkanmanfaat yang diharapkan dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatifdalam penyediaan bahan ajar Fisiologi Hewan. Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian Research and Development yang terdiriatas dua tahapan, yaitu proses pengembangan Sistem Pakardan analisis produk. Hasil uji validasi produk, menurut ahlimedia dan ahli materi secara umum aspek produk penelitianyang dikembangkan sudah layak. Sedangkan validasipengguna, secara umum mahasiswa sangat senang, mudahmemahami, dan mudah mengoperasikan Sistem Pakar.Tanggapan mahasiswa terhadap produk Sistem Pakar untukkategori Quality of end-user interface design termasuk dalamkriteria baik (56,24%), kategori Engagement termasuk dalamkriteria sangat baik (64,90%), kategori Interactivity termasukdalam kategori sangat baik (63,90%), dan kategoriTailorability termasuk dalam kriteria baik (52,29%). Secarakeseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SistemPakar dapat diterapkan dan layak digunakan sebagai mediapembelajaran untuk mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi.