bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the ecological stability of the landscapes of the Pavlodar region
Authors: Ozgeldinova Zh , Usalinov E. , Zhanguzhina А. , Mukayev Zh. , Dasturbayev Sh.
Published: May 2022

There are presented main results of the assessment of the ecological stability of the landscapes of the Pavlodar region, performed by GIS. The assessment of the ecological stability of the study region was carried out using a series of indicators: the area of water resources, the area of specially protected natural territories, the average NDVI value, the area of buildings, the average population density, the length of transport routes, the area of arable land, as well as the area of man-made territories that have an impact on the natural environment, both positive and negative. There has been compiled map of the ecological stability of the landscapes of the study region.
Білім беру жүйесінде ГАЖ технологиясын пайдалану
Authors: Кажкенова А.
Published: May 2022

Қазіргі заманғы жалпы білім беретін және жоғары мектеп жаңа ақпараттық технологияларды пайдалануға белсенді көшуді сипаттайды. Бұл мақала білім беруде ГАЖ-технологияны қолдануға арналған. ГАЖ ұғымының мәні, білім беру кеңістігінде пайдалану мүмкіндігі ашылады. Бұл мақалада түрлі мақсаттағы электрондық карталарды жасауға және қолданбалы міндеттерді кешенді шешуге арналған құралдардың бірі ретінде MapInfo бағдарламасына қысқаша шолу жүргізілді.
Study of properties of k-30 based on Nitron fiber waste
Authors: Asamatdinov А.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the work is study the structure of polyelectrolytes for obtaining of hydrogels for water-retention in sandy soil of Aral region.To study the time of hydrolysis of nitron fiber waste and the IR spectra of the materials obtained. Thus, a method for producing hydrogels based on hydrolyzed OVN and polyvalent metal salts has been developed. The crosslink density of macromolecules is determined by the concentration of the polymer. There are shown dynamics of changes in the structural and mechanical characteristics in the process of gelation.
Комплексный социально-экономический анализ Костанайской области
Authors: Тюружанова А. , Нурмагамбетова А.
Published: May 2022

Цель научной статьи – показать современную географию  экономического и социального развития Костанайской области Северного Казахстана в условиях поэтапной реализации государственных программ, определить принципы формирования функциональных связей социально-экономических характеристик административного района, которые обеспечивают поступательное развитие территории в зависимости от экономико-географических условий. В работе был проведен системный анализ проблем территориального развития и современных методов их решения, выявлены своеобразие экономико-географической ситуации и природно-ресурсного потенциала административных районов, показана современная география ведущих отраслей промышленного производства, агропромышленного комплекса Костанайской области. Информационной базой проведенного исследования стали данные Агентства Республики Казахстан по статистике, Министерства индустрии и новых технологий Республики Казахстан, Министерства регионального развития Республики Казахстан, Программы экономического и социального развития Акмолинской области.
The role of energy in Turkey-Russian relations: Is it a dependency or necessity?
Authors: Atiş Е. , Kapluhan Е.
Published: May 2022

Relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation have a rich historical heritage. Economic and trade relations constitute the driving force behind Turkish-Russian relations. Russia has been one of the most important trade partners of Turkey. Trade volume between the two states has reached 26,309 billion USD in 2019, with Turkey’s 3,854 billion USD worth of exports and 22,454 billion USD imports. A total number of 1972 projects with a total value of over 75,7 billion dollars have been realized so far by the Turkish contractors in Russia, while reciprocal investments have reached 10 billion dollars each.
Energy constitutes one of the most important elements of relations between Turkey and Russia. With TurkStream and Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant projects, cooperation in the field of energy is being carried further with Russia, which is among the leading energy suppliers. TurkStream Natural Gas Pipeline has been inaugurated on 8 January 2020.  Natural gas has the second-highest share in the Turkish energy mix at a rate of 32.5%. Nearly 55% of the natural gas is imported from one single source country, and nearly 85% of the current purchase agreements consist of long-term agreements that are based on the “take or pay” principle. The Russian gas and pipelines have critical importance in the natural gas supply of Turkey, and nuclear energy is being emphasized for the purpose of diversifying the resources. The share of nuclear energy in the Turkish energy mix is 0%, and the agreement in this field is made with Russia brings another dependency relation.
Өсімдік көздерінен оқшауланған хлор атомы бар сесквитерпеноидтар
Authors: Жалмаханбетова P. , Елшібаева А. , Мухитдинова М. , Жумагалиева Ж.
Published: May 2022

Сесквитерпенді лактондар екіншілік метаболиттердің ең үлкен тобын құрайтын өсімдіктер әлемінде кеңінен таралған құрылымы және қасиеттері тұрғысынан қызықтыратын қосылыстар болып табылады. Сесквитерпенді лактондар жоғары биобелсенділігімен, соның ішінде қабынуға, бактерияға, зеңге, безгекке,  лейшманиозға қарсы белсенділікке, сондай-ақ ісікке қарсы және цитоуыттылық әсерлерге ие болуымен ерекшеленеді. Гепатит В вирусына қарсы белсенділігі бар өкілдері анықталған. Олардың негізінде перспективалы медициналық препараттар немесе дәрі-дәрмектер алынуы айтарлықтай назар аудартады. Бұл қысқа шолу мақалада галоген атомы бар сесквитерпенді лактондар туралы мәліметтер жиналды. Жүргізілген зерттеулер бойынша табиғатта кездесетін галоген атомы бар қосылыстарда әдетте хлор атомы болатыны байқалады. Құрылымдық ерекшеліктеріне келетін болсақ, табиғи көздерден бөлінген галогенді сесквитерпенді лактондардың көпшілігі гвайан құрылымды екендігі анықталды, секо-гвайанолид және гермакранолид түрінде де кездеседі. Сонымен қатар олардың биологиялық белсенділігі, атап айтқанда зеңге қарсы, қабынуға қарсы, қатерлі ісікке қарсы, антирадикалды, меланогенезді және тирозиназа белсенділіктері, цитоуыттылығы анықталды.
Типы территориальных туристских комплексов лечебно-оздоровительной направленности (на примере Алтайского края, Россия)
Authors: Акимов O. , Курепина Н. , Дунец А.
Published: May 2022

Авторами проанализировано размещение дестинаций лечебно-оздоровительного туризма в Алтайском крае. Выявлены особенности их туристского освоения. Отмечены разные уровни туристского освоения территорий, а также разнообразие внутренней территориальной структуры дестинаций. Структурно-функциональные особенности и развитие опорного каркаса в дестинациях явились основанием для типологии территориальных туристских комплексов. Обосновывается возможность выделения в регионе шести типов организации территориальных лечебно-оздоровительных туристских комплексов.
Оптические свойства 2,2’-дигидрокси-1,1’-нафталазина
Authors: Биримжанова Д. , Иргибаева И. , Барашков Н.
Published: May 2022

Люминесцентные пигменты способны поглощать энергию естественных или искусственных источников света и выделять ее в форме видимого свечения в темноте. По химической природе люминофоры подразделяются на неорганические и органические. В отличие от неорганических люминофоров, светящихся только в твердом состоянии, органические люминофоры, в большинстве случаев, люминесцируют в различных агрегатных состояниях. Это различие обусловлено тем, что свечение связано с определенным строением кристаллической решетки, в которую входят активирующие добавки. После разрушения кристаллической решетки люминесценция исчезает. В случае органических люминофоров люминесцируют отдельные молекулы. Хорошо известно, что квантовый выход флуоресценции органических хромофоров обычно уменьшается в твердом состоянии, хотя они имеют высокий квантовый выход свечения в растворе.
The main biological properties of lactic acid bacteria promising in the production of fermented milk products for prophylactic purposes
Authors:   Republican Collection of Microorganisms, Bissenova G.N. , Abitaeva G.K. ,   Republican Collection of Microorganisms, Tuyakova A.K. ,   Republican Collection of Microorganisms, Sarmurzinа Z.S. ,   Republican Collection of Microorganisms
Published: May 2022

. The article provides information on the use of lactic acid bacteria in the production of fermented milk products (drinks) for prophylactic purposes. The important antimicrobial and biological properties of lactic acid bacteria are presented, according to which active strains of lactobacilli are selected and identified during screening, which are promising as ferments for obtaining bioproducts (drinks) of probiotic value. From literary sources, the article presents the high efficiency and safety of the use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria in use as ferments to produce fermented milk bioproducts with high antagonistic activity, high bacteriocin-producing activity, high adhesive activity, flavoring properties, and synthesis of vitamins. Thus, studies on the creation of fermented milk products with a specific composition and properties will give the product therapeutic and prophylactic properties due to the inclusion of probiotic strains in their composition. The development and creation of new domestic starter cultures in Kazakhstan is an urgent area based on strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated mainly from natural local national fermented milk products, as well as the development of combined therapeutic and prophylactic products (drinks) with the use of probiotics and vitamin-mineral substances. Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, probiotics, antagonistic activity, bacteriocin-producing activity, aromatics, adhesion, starter culture.
Mecanismos de respostas imunológicas diante às infecções pelos Arbovírus
Authors: Cruz Neto Manoel Samuel , Moreira Elisângela Claudia de Medeiros , Fecury Amanda Alves , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dias Cláudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Ramos João Batista Santiago , Souza Keulle Oliveira da , Bahia Mirleide Chaar , Pires Yomara Pinheiro , Oliveira Euzébio de
Published: May 2022

Os arbovírus e as arboviroses representam uma ameaça antiga a uma grande parte da humanidade. Esta ameaça consiste principalmente na facilidade que os vírus e seus vetores possuem de se adaptarem, também no fato de seu RNA possibilitar muitas mutações e recombinações gênicas. Ainda não existem vacinas efetivas para arboviroses como a Dengue, o Chikungunya e o Zika vírus, por conta disso, é de extrema importância a comunidade científica produzir trabalhos acerca das defesas do nosso corpo contra estas os arbovírus. A presente pesquisa que possui caráter qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, tem como objetivo principal, investigar como ocorrem as respostas imunológicas aos arbovírus, como objetivos específicos explorar os diversos aspectos relacionados a epidemiologia dos arbovírus e os aspectos ligados a microbiologia e a biologia celular dos processos imunológicos dos hospedeiros dos arbovírus. O trabalho consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica abrangendo trabalhos científicos como artigos, monografias, dissertações e teses ligadas ao tema investigado. Após o citado levantamento de dados, foi possível descrever como se dão as respostas imunes em suas diversas formas, que se mostram como os principais mecanismos imunológicos desempenhados pelo nosso organismo.
L'impatto della infezione da SARS-CoV-2 nei setting operativi. La riformulazione di alcuni interventi al Ser.D. di Alcamo
Authors: Di Giovanni Caterina , Faillace Guido
Published: May 2022

The arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic has significantly changed the approach to various intervention modalities in the Ser.D. and with the arrival of the lockdown, many projects and operational paths that were not of an urgent nature were postponed, including above all the prevention and health promotion activities.Group activities were also blocked, consequently the final meetings of the experiential groups aimed at restoring personal well-being were canceled.These paths were stopped, precisely, in a final phase of verification and restitution, leaving the members of the groups and the operators in a temporary state of suspension.Are illustrates the alternative strategies adopted and the adhesion and the experiences of patients.
La comorbilità nel Disturbo da Gioco d'Azzardo
Authors: Riglietta Marco
Published: May 2022

Although Gambling Disorder has been recognized in disease classification systems as an addictive behaviour with the V edition of the DSM (2015), addiction services have long since highlighted the presence of Gambling disorder as an additional diagnosis in patients with substance use disorder.Many services have begun to treat the DGA even before it was included in the essential levels of assistance (LEA) based on the request of the same patients who recognized themselves in the characteristics of patients with drug, alcohol or tobacco addiction and therefore accessed the SerDs recognizing them as appropriate services.Comorbidity rates have been established as significant, particularly with substance use, personality disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders as the most common concomitant disorders with gambling. Evaluation of the effects of gambling symptoms on other psychiatric conditions is also extensive, concluding that in both cases, the co-presence of multiple disorders exacerbates any existing pathology, worsens treatment outcomes, and compromises overall functioning. This effect appears to positively correlate with the number of associated disorders.
Approccio integrato per la gestione di pazienti con disturbi psichiatrici-tabagisti tra U.O. CSM Catanzaro e Centro Antifumo - S.S. Ser.D. Soverato
Authors: Audino Giulia , Genco Felice , Insardà Attilio , Battaglia Egidio , Mellace Vincenzo , Montesano Franco , Macrina Rosa , Notaro Mariarita , Codispoti Lia , Macrina Anna Maria , Pascolo Antonella , Squillace M. Caterina
Published: May 2022

The use of tobacco is one of the major social and health problems of our times, the leading cause of preventable death.The steady reduction in the prevalence of smoking in the general population in recent decades has not been observed in populations with psychiatric disorders.Hence a pilot project that aims to promote a territorial network between the Mental Health Services and the Anti-Smoking Centers for a global intervention strategy to combat smoking in patients with psychiatric disorders trying to create conditions of "Tobacco Services-Free", including employees, at any point inside and outside the structure.The experience made with a Protocol is particularly significant in the first place to dispel the clichés on the problem of smoking and mental illness in accordance with the scientific data present in the literature.The treatment of these patients can be successful if psychiatric services in addressing the problem offer behavioral motivational support to their patients.Collaboration with specialist Centers is essential for the treatment of addiction.Varenicline was effective in helping patients achieve abstinence or reduce the number of cigarettes smoked, and did not show a significant increase in neuropsychiatric adverse events.It is desirable that all Mental Health Services be able to carry out informational-motivational counseling onsmoking-related risks, favoring access for motivated patients to specific cessation programs in collaboration with specialized services (Anti-Smoking Centers).
Coevoluzione: la sfida di uno sguardo sistemico
Authors: Beretta Ilaria
Published: May 2022

L'attuale crisi da COVID 19 ha messo in evidenza la necessità dell'adozione di un approccio coevolutivo nell'interpretazione di quanto sta accadendo. La morbilità del virus si correla a fattori morfologici, ambientali, culturali, socio-economici; la pandemia sfida il pensiero lineare e le spiegazioni monocausali. Il presente contributo illustra come tale approccio possa aiutare a interpretare e - perché no - a trovare una soluzione alle due grandi crisi attuali: quella pandemica e quella ecologica.
Territorio e metaterritorio come spazio di relazioni
Authors: Battaglini Elena
Published: May 2022

La pandemia da Sars-Cov-2 ha messo in controluce i paradigmi che hanno informato finora gli apparati teorici e definitori del concetto di territorio; gli statuti disciplinari su cui essi poggiavano stanno quindi mostrando la loro inadeguatezza tanto da rendersi necessarie reinterpretazioni e ricodifiche. Al fine di fornire una definizione semanticamente più attinente a quanto si sta esperendo nell'habitare oggi, l'Articolo tenterà di circoscrivere questo concetto nella sua dimensione "identitaria", attraverso cui si stratificano, nel tempo, gli esiti dell'adattamento delle comunità in relazione all'ambiente biofisico e costruito in rapporto con le sfide locali e globali. Nella tradizione dei concept papers e degli hypothesis-building studies, questo contributo non pretende di fornire risposte ma si prefigge lo scopo di perimetrare un nuovo campo d'indagine per gli studi socioterritoriali, ovvero di circoscrivere un'agenda di ricerca, nonché il livello di astrazione al quale, si spera, una sociologia spazialista (Mela, 2006; Mela, 2020) possa conferire le sue risposte. In questa prospettiva, l'articolo rielaborerà il concetto di territorio come esperienza di processualità spaziotemporale, e introdurrà quello di metaterritorio, come spazio di relazioni collaborative.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ДІАГНОСТУВАННЯ РІВНЯ РОЗВИТКУ КОГНІТИВНОГО КОМПОНЕНТА ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ФАХІВЦІВ З ПИТАНЬ ЦИВІЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Михайлов Віктор
Published: May 2022

Актуальність: потреба розвитку професійної компетентності фахівців з питань цивільної безпеки визначається завданнями підвищення спроможності та посилення оперативної готовності сил цивільного захисту щодо забезпечення стійкості держави під час кризових ситуацій різного походження. Готовність цих фахівців до професійної діяльності є особистісною основою їх професіоналізму, яку необхідно розвивати в умовах післядипломної освіти.
Мета: проаналізувати розвиток когнітивного компонента професійної компетентності фахівців з питань цивільної безпеки в системі післядипломної освіти.
Методи: теоретичні (систематизація науково-педагогічної літератури); комплексні (аналіз і синтез); емпіричні (вивчення та аналіз педагогічного досвіду, анкетування, експертне оцінювання); математичні; статистичні.
Результати: проаналізовано розвиток когнітивного компонента професійної компетентності фахівців з питань цивільної безпеки у процесі підвищення ними своєї професійної кваліфікації.
Висновки: виявлено необхідність створення та впровадження авторської педагогічної системи підвищення кваліфікації фахівців з питань цивільної безпеки з метою підвищення рівня розвитку їхньої професійної компетентності.
Modelo de transferencia de conocimiento para vincular instituciones de educación superior en ciencias sociales y humanidades con entidades sociales
Authors: Armendáriz Núñez Erslem , Tarango Javier , Machin-Mastromatteo Juan D.
Published: May 2022

En la búsqueda de demostrar la utilidad práctica de las ciencias sociales y humanidades (CSH) en diversos contextos, el presente trabajo plantea como objetivo definir las características de un modelo de transferencia de conocimiento (TC) en instituciones de educación superior de las CSH en relación con entidades sociales. Para ello, se realizó una investigación de tipo cualitativo, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales con expertos, docentes y representantes de entidades sociales, de cuyo análisis de datos fue posible derivar una serie de rasgos sobre formas de ejecución de los procesos de TC, así como la caracterización de un modelo objetivo que propicie adecuadamente la TC para las CSH en relación con otras entidades sociales. Entre los elementos derivados de este modelo se encuentra el reconocimiento de los siguientes elementos: agente iniciador/receptor, identificación de proyectos, vinculación, definición e identificación de necesidades, incentivos y barreras, plan de actividades, evaluación y buenas prácticas.
Patient- and physician-reported pain after tyrosine kinase inhibitor discontinuation among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Flynn Kathryn E. , Atallah Ehab , Lin Li , Shah Neil P. , Silver Richard T. , Larson Richard A. , Panilla-Ibarz Javier , Thompson James E. , Oehler Vivian G. , Radich Jerald P. , Kota Vamsi , Mauro Michael J. , Schiffer Charles A. , Cortes Jorge , Weinfurt Kevin P.
Published: May 2022

For patients with optimally treated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy can lead to treatment-free remission. In previous trials, TKI discontinuation has been associated with increased musculoskeletal pain in some patients (“withdrawal syndrome”), based on physician-reported adverse events (AE). Patient-reported pain has not been described. The Life After Stopping TKI study was a 14-site prospective, non-randomized clinical trial of TKI discontinuation. We defined increased pain after discontinuation as: (i) a physician-reported pain AE, (ii) a 2-level increase in self-reported musculoskeletal pain (4-level single item), or (iii) initiation of a medication for pain. We plotted the trajectory of patient-reported pain over time using a piecewise mixed-effects ordinal logistic model. Within 3 months of discontinuation, 35 of 172 patients (20.3%) had a physician-reported pain AE, 22 of 172 (12.8%) had an increase in self-reported pain, and 18 of 154 (11.7%) initiated a pain medication. Agreement among these measures was limited; overall, 60 of 172 patients (34.9%) had increased pain. Three patients (1.7%) restarted a TKI because of pain. The modelpredicted trajectory showed an increase in pain in the first 3 months followed by a decrease, returning to baseline levels by 6 months and further decreasing after that. This trajectory was similar among patients who did and did not restart TKI, suggesting that resuming a TKI for withdrawal syndrome may be necessary for some, but other approaches to manage pain should be tried so that patients can remain in treatment-free remission when possible.
Relapse of immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Giuffrida Gaetano , Markovic Uros , Condorelli Annalisa , Calagna Marianna , Grasso Stephanie , Duminuco Andrea , Riccobene Carla , Pelle Angelo Curto , Zanghi Guido , Di Raimondo Francesco
Published: May 2022

Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare and life-threatening disease. Vaccination has been reported to be a trigger of onset and relapse of autoimmune diseases. We evaluated after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination 32 adult patients previously diagnosed with iTTP by means of weekly monitoring of complete blood count and ADAMTS13 testing. Thirty of 32 patients received at least one dose of Pfizer-BioNTech, the remaining two received Moderna. A total of five patients, all vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech, had a biochemical relapse at a median post-vaccination time of 15 days following the second or third vaccine dose, presenting without measurable ADAMTS13 activity and a median anti- ADAMTS13 autoantibody value of 34 U/mL. Four of five cases had concomitant clinical relapse and were treated with corticosteroids alone or daily sessions of plasma exchange and caplacizumab, while one patient was closely monitored with ADAMTS13 with no onset of anemia and thrombocytopenia. Although the benefits of vaccination exceed its potential risks, clinicians should be aware that iTTP relapse might follow COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, laboratory and clinical monitoring of iTTP patients should be done in the first post-vaccination month, in order to promptly diagnose and treat any relapse.
Las bibliotecas como instituciones patrimoniales: vínculo del presente con el pasado y del presente con el futuro
Authors: Ameneiros Rodríguez Rocío
Published: May 2022

El nuevo entorno social y tecnológico exige cambios en las funciones de las bibliotecas y su personal y, por lo tanto, también en el contenido de los programas de los estudios de Información y Documentación. En este proceso de transformación se presentan líneas de acción centradas en los usuarios, los espacios físicos y las TIC. A través de este documento se propone la adhesión al cambio, pero sin eliminar del diseño curricular teorías y prácticas consolidadas en las bibliotecas y en la enseñanza de la Biblioteconomía; se apoya la evolución en la forma de hacer, sin que ello suponga una variación en la razón de ser de las bibliotecas y sus profesionales.
The Chinese Dragon and the Russian Bear: The Course and the Future of Their Relationship
Authors: Sotiriou Eirini
Published: May 2022

The tumultuous China-Russia relationship looks back in time. The history of Chinese-Russian relations during the historical journey reflects the existence of two hostile forces that have developed a mutually beneficial cooperation in the shadow of an unsuccessful shared history, a cultural and racial bias of political misunderstandings, ideological differences and geopolitical competition. Although their relationship has been steadily improving during the 1990s to the present day, attitudes have remained highly ambiguous. Moscow and Beijing have reaffirmed their "strategic cooperation" and commitment to a new "global multipolar order," although senior Russian officials have continued to speak openly about the "Chinese threat". The passage from a constructive to a strategic Sino-Russian partnership took place along the historical path, based on a new cooperative vision that formed the cornerstone for the conciliation of the Chinese dragon and the Russian bear. The key question that emerges is the dynamics of this approach and its future. The development of China-Russia "strategic cooperation" can serve the following possibilities: strategic convergence, political and military alliance, the end of history, confrontation and strategic tension. As unique certainty, the relationship between these two countries traverses the emerging horizon, affects Eurasia and far beyond its limits, defining history’s route.
THE CONCEPTUAL MEANING OF THE CONCEPT OF "CRIMINAL MISCONDUCT" IN THE CRIMINAL LAW OF RUSSIA AND GERMANY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors:   Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia, SEREBRENNIKOVA ANNA , KUZNETSOV ANDREY
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study. The proposed article presents an analysis of the conceptual meaning of the category of criminal misconduct in Russia and Germany in order to demonstrate the "foreignness" of the offense for the Russian criminal legislation. The article points out the fundamental differences between its proposed designs by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the design of a misdemeanor in the Criminal Code of Germany. Conclusions. The authors conducted a sociological survey of 62 respondents on the expediency of introducing the category in question into Russian criminal law, the result of which is a statement of awareness by persons both with and without higher legal education of its "foreignness" for Russian criminal law. The article shows that a criminal offense contradicts the material concept of a crime in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and other criminal law institutions and norms of Russian criminal law based on the category of public danger of crime and personality. The authors also conclude that the category of misconduct is insignificant for both the legislator and the law enforcement officer in Germany. While the consolidation of a criminal offense in the Russian criminal legislation will entail serious and at the same time scientifically unjustified changes in it.
EXPERIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT OF ESTONIA AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS APPLICATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, NUREEV RUSTEM , SURKHAEV ISLAM ,   Institute of Economics Russian Academy of Sciences,   Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of Russia
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study. The article is devoted to the complex characteristics of the institution of the so-called electronic government in Estonia and the possibilities of its «import» into the Russian Federation. The interest in Estonia's experience stems from the fact that it occupies one of the highest places among all countries in the world that develop e-government institutions. Although Russia has already achieved some success in this direction, it still has very large reserves. The development of digitalization of public services will allow in the future to dramatically reduce bureaucratic barriers and find new opportunities for the formation of civil society. The introduction of the e-passport, which will begin in 2021, is an important step for Russia towards e-government, following the example of Estonia. Results. The article discusses the points of view of both domestic and foreign scientists regarding the concept of «electronic government». The results of the calculation of the e-government index carried out by the UN are analyzed. The stages of implementation of e-government in Estonia, starting with the appearance of the «Principles of Estonian Information Policy» (1994), are considered. Studied the Estonian experience in the development of electronic government and the possibility of its application in Russia. Conclusions are made about the existing problems in the development of electronic government in Russia and possible ways to overcome these problems are proposed.
CORRELATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE DELINQUENCY IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION WITH CHANGES IN ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES
Authors:   Law Institute of the Russian University of Transport, Moscow, Russian Federation, AFANASEVA OLGA , KOIMSHIDI GEORGY ,   The Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2022

Purpose of the study. Questions of the impact of the severity of administrative punishment on the indicators of administrative delinquency are among the topical, as well as of not only scientific, but also practical interest. In modern socio-economic conditions there is a growing interest in solving the problem of delinquency and crime in the field of migration, including through the tightening of penalties for offenses and crimes in the field of migration. The purpose of the study is to establish the presence or absence of correlation between the number of administrative offenses and crimes in the field of migration and the amount of administrative punishment imposed for administrative offenses. Conclusions. The authors determined that there was no correlation relationship between the level of crimes in the field of migration and the share of fines for offenses in the structure of administrative punishments in 2018, and in 2019 there was a direct weak factor relationship; between the level of crimes in the field of migration and the share of fines for offenses recovered in the structure of those assigned in 2018, the correlation relationship was weak direct, then in 2019 - weak, but inverse. There was a direct correlation between the crime rate and the average amount of fines imposed or collected (factors 3 or 4). At the same time, the authors found a weak correlation relationship between the levels of certain types of offenses in the area of migration and the allocated factors.
CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS: REAL AND FINANCIALIURII
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, SHPINEV YURY
Published: May 2022

In the scientific environment, there are many options for classifying investments, but almost all authors divide investments into real and financial ones. At the same time, there is no single approach to classification by the object of investment in the scientific community, as, however, there is no consensus on the composition of signs that distinguish real and financial investments from the entire spectrum of possible investments. At the same time, the problem of determining the main features of real and financial investments is quite relevant today, since there is no regulatory definition, and the presence of such a definition may be in demand in the near future, which is primarily due to the demand for investments in the real sector of the country's economy, and as a consequence, the establishment of legislative benefits and preferences for enterprises that make real investments in state-defined industries, which is quite problematic to implement in the absence of a regulatory definition. By analyzing the existing points of view on the nature of real and financial investments and their place in the classification, two main directions of opinions on the essence of direct investment can be distinguished. According to some authors, all investments in the object of investment can be divided into real and financial. Another group of scientists suggests a broader classification, adding intangible and intellectual investments, investments in human capital, etc. to real and financial investments. According to the author of the article, investments in intangible assets and tangible assets are components of real investments, and intellectual investments and investments in human capital, in turn, are included in intangible investments. The article also proves that portfolio investments cannot be identified with financial investments, and real investments cannot be identified with direct investments.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE CONTRACT OF ASSIGNMENT IN PRIVATE LAW: GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, KOSTINA OLGA , MIKHAILICHENKO IVAN
Published: May 2022

Research Objective. The article deals with the construction of the agency agreement, its genesis since the Roman law and development up to the modern stage. The authors analyse the experience of foreign legal systems, legislation in a historical context, identify the features of the agency agreement in correlation to related institutions of private law. The authors research the issues of independence of the contractual structure of agency agreement, its unique characteristic which is inherent only to the institution of voluntary representation. Authorization in voluntary representation occurs through authorization the agent (which is the basis for external representation relations). Conclusions. This study emphasizes key areas of qualification of the agency agreement, based on the provisions of applicable civil law, doctrine and law enforcement practice.
FIXING OF LEGAL FACTS AS A WAY OF THEIR OBJECTIVATION IN LEGAL VALIDITY
Authors:   Belgorod state national research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, RASSOLOV VASILY
Published: May 2022

The article examines the question of the time of the beginning of the operation of a legal fact as a basis for the occurrence of legal consequences. This is objectively related to the problems of objectifying a legal fact as an integral part of legal reality. Such objectification is possible in various forms (registration, certification, etc.). Based on the analysis of certain aspects of the designated issue, the conclusion is formulated that in order to refer to any cases of external expression of legal facts in legal reality, the term «fixation» can be used, in the broad sense of its understanding.
När kan vi börja undervisa om naturvetenskapens karaktär?
Authors: Lunde Torodd
Published: May 2022

En ny studie undersöker hur grundskolelärare resonerade medan de fick skapa en progression för innehåll om naturvetenskapens karaktär. Studien blottlade två skilda synssätt på hur innehållet kunde struktureras. De två synsätten kan resultera i att innehåll antingen exkluderas eller inkluderas i de lägre stadierna.
A Comparative Study on the Multiscale Mechanical Responses of Human Femoral Neck Between the Young and the Elderly Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Cen Haipeng , Gong He , Liu Haibo , Jia Shaowei , Wu Xiaodan , Fan Yubo
Published: May 2022

Background: Femoral neck fracture (FNF) is the most serious bone disease in the elderly population. The multiscale mechanical response is a key to predicting the strength of the femoral neck, assessing the risk of FNF, and exploring the role of mechanosensation and mechanotransmission in bone remodeling, especially in the context of aging bone.

Methods: Multiscale finite element (FE) models of the proximal femur for both young and elderly people were developed. The models included organ scale (proximal femur), tissue scale (cortical bone), tissue element scale (osteon), and cell scale [osteocyte lacuna-canalicular network (LCN) and extracellular matrix (ECM), OLCEM]. The mechanical responses of cortical bone and osteocytes in the mid-femoral neck and the differences in mechanical responses between these two scales were investigated.

Results: The mechanical responses of cortical bone and osteocyte showed significant differences between the elderly and the young. The minimum principal strains and mean SEDs of cortical bone in the elderly were 2.067–4.708 times and 3.093–14.385 times of the values in the young, respectively; the minimum principal strains and mean SEDs of osteocyte in the elderly were 1.497–3.246 times and 3.044–12 times of the values in the young, respectively; the amplification factors of minimum principal strain in the inferior (Inf), anterior (Ant), and posterior (Post) quadrants in the young were 1.241–1.804 times of the values in the elderly, but the amplification factor of minimum principal strain in the superior (Sup) quadrant was 87.4% of the value in the elderly; the amplification factors of mean SED in the young were 1.124–9.637 times of the values in the elderly.

Conclusion: The mass and bone mineral density (BMD) of cortical bone in the femoral neck is closely related to the mechanical response of osteocytes, which provides a new idea for improving cortical bone quality. Perhaps cortical bone quality could be improved by stimulating osteocytes. Quadrantal differences of bone quality in the mid-femoral neck should be considered to improve fracture risk prediction in the future.
Novel RNAseq-Informed Cell-type Markers and Their Regulation Alter Paradigms of Dictyostelium Developmental Control
Authors: Forbes Gillian , Chen Zhi-Hui , Kin Koryu , Schaap Pauline
Published: May 2022

Cell differentiation is traditionally monitored with a few marker genes, which may bias results. To understand the evolution and regulation of the spore, stalk, cup and basal disc cells in Dictyostelia, we previously performed RNAseq on purified cell-types of taxon-group representative dictyostelids. Using promoter-lacZ constructs in D. discoideum, we here investigate the spatio-temporal expression pattern of 29 cell-type specific genes. Genes selected for spore- or cup-specificity in RNAseq were validated as such by lacZ expression, but genes selected for stalk-specificity showed variable additional expression in basal disc, early cup or prestalk populations. We measured responses of 25 genes to 15 single or combined regimes of induction by stimuli known to regulate cell differentiation. The outcomes of these experiments were subjected to hierarchical clustering to identify whether common modes of regulation were correlated with specific expression patterns. The analysis identified a cluster combining the spore and cup genes, which shared upregulation by 8-bromo cyclic AMP and down-regulation by Differentiation Inducing Factor 1 (DIF-1). Most stalk-expressed genes combined into a single cluster and shared strong upregulation by cyclic di-guanylate (c-di-GMP), and synergistic upregulation by combined DIF-1 and c-di-GMP. There was no clustering of genes expressed in other soma besides the stalk, but two genes that were only expressed in the stalk did not respond to any stimuli. In contrast to current models, the study indicates the existence of a stem-cell like soma population in slugs, whose members only acquire ultimate cell fate after progressing to their terminal location during fruiting body morphogenesis.
The Role of a Confined Space on the Reactivity and Emission Properties of Copper(I) Clusters
Authors: Prasetyanto Eko Adi , Atoini Youssef , Donato Loic , Hsu Chien-Wei , De Cola Luisa
Published: May 2022

Metal clusters have gained a lot of interest for their remarkable photoluminescence and catalytic properties. However, a major drawback of such materials is their poor stability in air and humidity conditions. Herein we describe a versatile method to synthesize luminescent Cu(I) clusters inside the pores of zeolites, using a sublimation technique with the help of high vacuum and high temperature. The porous materials play an essential role as a protecting media against the undesirable and easy oxidation of Cu(I). The obtained clusters show fascinating luminescence properties, and their reactivity can be triggered by insertion in the pores of organic monodentate ligands such as pyridine or triphenylphosphine. The coordinating ligands can lead to the formation of Cu(I) complexes with completely different emission properties. In the case of pyridine, the final compound was characterized and identified as a cubane-like structure. A thermochromism effect is also observed, featuring, for instance, a hypsochromic effect for a phosphine derivative at 77K. The stability of the encapsulated systems in zeolites is rather enthralling: they are stable and emissive even after several months in the air.
Engineering Natural and Recombinant Silks for Sustainable Biodevices
Authors: Shen Xinchen , Shi Haoyuan , Wei Hongda , Wu Boxuan , Xia Qingyuan , Yeo Jingjie , Huang Wenwen
Published: May 2022

Silk fibroin (SF) is a structural protein derived from natural silkworm silks. Materials fabricated based on SF usually inherit extraordinary physical and biological properties, including high mechanical strength, toughness, optical transparency, tailorable biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Therefore, SF has attracted interest in the development of sustainable biodevices, especially for emergent bio-electronic technologies. To expand the function of current silk devices, the SF characteristic sequence has been used to synthesize recombinant silk proteins that benefit from SF and other functional peptides, such as stimuli-responsive elastin peptides. In addition to genetic engineering methods, innovated chemistry modification approaches and improved material processing techniques have also been developed for fabricating advanced silk materials with tailored chemical features and nanostructures. Herein, this review summarizes various methods to synthesize functional silk-based materials from different perspectives. This review also highlights the recent advances in the applications of natural and recombinant silks in tissue regeneration, soft robotics, and biosensors, using B. mori SF and silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs) as examples.
Heart Rate Dynamics Identification and Control in Cycle Ergometer Exercise: Comparison of First- and Second-Order Performance
Authors: Spörri Alexander H. , Wang Hanjie , Hunt Kenneth J.
Published: May 2022

Background: Accurate and robust feedback control of human heart rate is important for exercise testing and prescription. Feedback controllers can be designed using first-order, linear, time-invariant models of heart rate dynamics, but it remains to investigate whether second-order models lead to better identification and control performance. The distinguishing contribution of this research is the direct employment of established physiological principles to determine model structure, and to focus the feedback-design goals: cardiac physiology proposes a two-phase second-order response, delineated into fast and slow components; the natural phenomenon of broad-spectrum heart-rate variability motivates a novel feedback design approach that appropriately shapes the input-sensitivity function.

Aim: The aim of this work was to compare the fidelity of first- and second-order models of heart rate response during cycle-ergometer exercise, and to compare the accuracy and dynamics of feedback controllers that were designed using the two model structures.

Methods: Twenty-seven participants each took part in two identification tests to generate separate estimation and validation data sets, where ergometer work rate was a pseudo-random binary sequence and in two feedback tests where controllers were designed using the first- or second-order models.

Results: Second-order models gave substantially and significantly higher model fit (51.9% vs. 47.9%, p < 0.0001; second order vs. first order) and lower root-mean-square model error (2.93 bpm vs. 3.21 bpm, p < 0.0001). There was modest improvement in tracking accuracy with controllers based on second-order models, where mean root-mean-square tracking errors were 2.62 bpm (second order) and 2.77 bpm (first order), with p = 0.052. Controllers based on second-order models were found to be substantially and significantly more dynamic: mean values of average control signal power were 9.61 W2 and 7.56 W2, p < 0.0001.

Conclusion: The results of this study confirm the hypotheses that second-order models of heart-rate dynamics give better fidelity than first-order models, and that feedback compensator designs that use the additional dynamic mode give more accurate and more dynamic closed-loop control performance.
Effect of Crack Angle and Length on Mechanical and Ultrasonic Properties for the Single Cracked Sandstone Under Triaxial Stress Loading-Unloading
Authors: Hu Huarui , Xia Binwei , Luo Yafei , Gao Yugang
Published: May 2022

The disturbance due to coal mining causes the surrounding rock to undergo a complex process of stress changes during which the axial pressure and the confining pressure usually change accordingly at the same time. Existing studies generally investigated this process from a static perspective, which was not rigorous. The mechanical characterization of rock is very important to understand the failure of rock mass and the safety of mining during mining disturbance. Based on theoretical analysis, we conducted axial loading and radial unloading tests on the cracked sandstone, which was combined with the ultrasonic testing technology to examine its failure rules and to characterize and analyze its failure process using longitudinal wave velocity. The results demonstrated that crack length and angle had a significant impact on the strength and mechanical properties of sandstone, and the former had a greater impact on the strength of sandstone than the latter. As the crack length increased, the strength, elastic modulus, and deformation modulus of sandstone decreased, and the strength of sandstone increased as the crack angle increased. Elastic and deformation moduli first decreased and then increased. Furthermore, Poisson’s ratio increased slowly, then decreased slowly, and finally increased rapidly as the lateral pressure coefficient diminished, and Poisson’s ratio was more sensitive to changes in the angle. In this study, the change of longitudinal wave velocity reflected the whole process of sandstone failure. When the wave velocity was stable, the rock was at the yield limit point. Moreover, when the wave velocity was unstable, the sandstone was in a progressive failure period, and as a result, the wave velocity decreased and the sandstone cracked.