bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Rohani Islam dalam Pembinaan Karakter Peserta Didik Madrasah Aliyah Ma’arif Sungkai Tengah Lampung Utara
Authors: Syafei Imam , Syaifullah Muhammad , Mukroh Hidrikal
Published: June 2022

Tidak sedikit Siswa yang mengalami kegagalan dalam mencapai tugas perkembangan remaja yaitu adanya perilaku nakal pada siswa. Faktor penyebabnya dari faktor internal dan faktor eksternal (keluaraga, sekolah dan masyarakat). Permasalahan adalah (1) faktor internal apa yang melatarbelakangi perilaku nakal siswa dan (2) faktor eksternal apa yang meletarbelakangi perilaku nakal siswa pada siswa kelas   di Madrasah Aliyah Ma’arif Sungkai   Tengah   tahun   ajaran   2020/2021.   Tujuan   dari penelitian ini adalah ingin memperoleh data empiris mengenai faktor  internal  dan  eksternal  latar  belakang  perilaku  nakal siswa Madrasah Aliyah Ma’arif Sungkai Tengah. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Perencanaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Rohani Islam dalam pembinaan karakter peserta didik di Madrasah Aliyah Ma’arif Sungkai Tengah belum berjalan sebagaimana idealnya menjalankan sebuah organisasi yang baik dan unggul, kelemahan perencanaan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Rohani Islam dalam Pembinaan Karakter Peserta  Didik di Madrasah Aliyah Ma’arif Sungkai Tengah adalah tidak adanya persiapan pengajaran baik berupa silabus, maupun rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Adapun proses pembinaan karakter tersebut dilakukan melalui pendekatan secara langsung dan tidak langsung, dengan metode yang digunakan dalam proses pembinaan adalah metode keteladanan, pembiasaan, nasehat, pemberian hukuman dan hadiah serta didukung dengan kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan di sekolah. Adapun faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Rohani Islam adalah dukungan dari kepala sekolah terhadap kegiatan ekstrakurikuler.

Kata Kunci: Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler, Pembinaan Karakter, Karakter Peserta Didik
Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada 6 (Enam) Aspek Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini di TK PGRI Dharma Wanita Desa Mata
Authors: Septianingsih Iin
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana metode yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam pada 6 (enam) aspek perkembangan anak usia dini, bagaimana konsep materi metode yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam pada 6 (enam) aspek perkembangan anak usia dini, serta cara pelaksanaannya. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi naratif. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data model Miles and Huberman.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Metode pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam pendidikan agama Islam pada 6 (enam) aspek perkembangan anak usia dini di TK PGRI Dharma Wanita Desa Mata adalah metode keteladanan, metode pembiasaan, metode perhatian/pengawasan, metode nasehat, metode hukuman dan metode bercerita. Melalui metode bercerita dapat mengajak anak berfikir logis dan mengerti tentang hubungan sebab-akibat sesuai aspek perkembangan anak. Materi pendidikan agama Islam pada 6 (enam) aspek perkembangan anak usia dini di TK PGRI Dharma Wanita Desa Mata adalah materi rukun iman, rukun Islam, Ibadah dan ilmu ahklak. Cara pelaksanaan pendidikan agama Islam anak usia dini di TK PGRI Dharma Wanita Desa Mata adalah dengan memperhatikan aspek-aspek perkembangan anak.
Internalization of Education Character Based on the Five Souls of Modern Islamic Boarding School Al-Ihsan Baleendah
Authors: Hasbiyallah Hasbiyallah , Ihsan Mahli Nurul
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article was to analyze the internalization of five soul-based education character in modern Islamic boarding schools Al-Ihsan Baleendah Bandung. This research method used qualitative research and collecting data used interview, observation and documentation techniques to reveal the concept of internalizing character values based on the five souls in the modern Islamic boarding school Al-Ihsan Baleendah. The results of this study showed that the modern Islamic boarding school education Al-Ihsan Baleendah was an Islamic educational institution that contains character values based on the five souls that were implicit in the Islamic boarding school program. The values of education character based on the five souls applied in modern Islamic boarding school involve: the soul of sincerity, the spirit of simplicity, the spirit of independence, the spirit of freedom and the spirit of ukhuwah Islamiyah. Character education based on the five souls is internalized through the example of the kyai, the habit of worshiping, the discipline of obeying the rules of the Islamic boarding school, the awareness and responsibility of the Islamic student in carrying out activities in modern Islamic boarding school

Keywords: Education Character, Internalization Education Character, Islamic Boarding Scho
The Effect of Competence and Career Development on Employee Interest in Certain Functional Positions with Compensation as Intervening Variable
Authors: Veranita Veranita , Purwana Dedi , Saptono Ari
Published: June 2022

The problem that occurs are there is lack of still ASN to understanding about JFT, and the formation of ASN placement is still not in accordance with JFT competencies. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of competence on the interest of employees at JFT, Career Development influences the interest of JFT employees, the effect of competence on compensation. The study was quantitative research , the data collection methods are documentation and questionnaires. Data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS), the samples of this research are Secretariat General Employees of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of the research show that competence has a positive effect on employee interest, career development has a positive effect on employee interest, competence has a positive effect on competence has a positive effect on compensation for employees of the Secretariat General of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia

Keywords: Career Development, Compensation, Employee Interest
The Effect of Strengthening Knowledge in Pandemi Era on Community Behavior at Campus
Authors: Sepduwiana Heny , Junita Elvira , Herawati Rika , Andriana Andriana , Fahmi Yuyun Bewelly
Published: June 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic is a virus that is dangerous to humans. All segments of human life are disrupted, without exception education. Many countries have decided to close schools, colleges and universities, including Indonesia. The incidence of Covid 19 is increasing every day, the latest data from the Riau Provincial Health Office  as of May 29, 2021, namely Pekanbaru 26,442 cases, Kampar 4054 cases, Palelawan 1776 cases, Indragiri Hulu 2675 cases, Indragiri Hilir 1492 cases, Dumai 5612 cases, Kap Meranti 826 cases, Bengkalis 3801 cases, Siak 4400 cases, Kuansing Singingi 2097 cases, Rokan Hilir, Rokan Hulu 1971 cases. This study aims to determine the effect of strengthening knowledge in the Pandemic era on community behavior on campus, which was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by using the Chi Square test. ). Most of the respondents' behavior about COVID-19 was in the good category, namely 56 respondents (52.8%). Chi Square test on the knowledge and behavior of respondents showed the value of p value = 0.020 (p <0.05). From these results it can be concluded that there is a relationship between respondents' knowledge and COVID-19 prevention behavior in the community. Knowledge plays an important role in determining complete behavior because knowledge will form beliefs which then in perceiving reality, providing a basis for decision making and determining behavior towards specific object

Keywords: Strengthening Knowldege, Community Behaviour, Pandemic Era
Strategic Coercion and International Mediation of Atrocity-related Conflict
Authors: Ifediora Obinna
Published: June 2022

This article explains the role of coercion in international mediation of violent conflict involving atrocity crimes from the parties’ perspectives. It draws on coercion theory and expands the framework of atrocity mediation, examining the successful yet controversial African Union mediation in Kenya. Coercion theory aims to solve what this study reads as the agent-coercion problem in the international system: agents retain choice despite coercion by more powerful actors. The framework argues that conflict parties are rational, legitimate voluntary agents who always have choices. Strategy requires mediators to create ripeness using enticing mediation or settlement proposals. Then coercion’s role would be to build consensus on peace offers, persuading reluctant parties that compromise is the better choice than resistance. Coercion infuses a sense of urgency in the parties’ contemplation of the cost/benefit implications of their choices, accelerating decision-making. The study contributes to understanding the limits of power mediation in international relations.
Nya böcker
Authors: Hansson Kristofer
Published: June 2022

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First Evidence of Entamoeba Parasites in Australian Wild Deer and Assessment of Transmission to Cattle
Authors: Huaman Jose L. , Pacioni Carlo , Kenchington-Evans Lily , Doyle Mark , Helbig Karla J. , Carvalho Teresa G.
Published: June 2022

Australian wild deer populations have significantly expanded in size and distribution in recent decades. Due to their role in pathogen transmission, these deer populations pose a biosecurity risk to the livestock industry. However, little is known about the infection status of wild deer in Australia. The intestinal parasite Entamoeba bovis has been previously detected in farm and wild ruminants worldwide, but its epidemiology and distribution in wild ruminants remain largely unexplored. To investigate this knowledge gap, faecal samples of wild deer and domestic cattle from south-eastern Australia were collected and analysed for the presence of Entamoeba spp. using PCR and phylogenetic analysis of the conserved 18S rRNA gene. E. bovis parasites were detected at high prevalence in cattle and wild deer hosts, and two distinct Entamoeba ribosomal lineages (RLs), RL1 and RL8, were identified in wild deer. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed the existance of a novel Entamoeba species in sambar deer and a novel Entamoeba RL in fallow deer. While we anticipated cross-species transmission of E. bovis between wild deer and cattle, the data generated in this study demonstrated transmission is yet to occur in Australia. Overall, this study has identified novel variants of Entamoeba and constitutes the first report of Entamoeba in fallow deer and sambar deer, expanding the host range of this parasite. Epidemiological investigations and continued surveillance of Entamoeba parasites in farm ruminants and wild animals will be required to evaluate pathogen emergence and transmission to livestock.
Clinical Manifestations, Monitoring, and Prognosis: A Review of Cardiotoxicity After Antitumor Strategy
Authors: Huang Wei , Xu Rong , Zhou Bin , Lin Chao , Guo Yingkun , Xu Huayan , Guo Xia
Published: June 2022

The development of various antitumor drugs has significantly improved the survival of patients with cancer. Many first-line chemotherapy drugs are cytotoxic and the cardiotoxicity is one of the most significant effects that could leads to poor prognosis and decreased survival rate. Cancer treatment include traditional anthracycline drugs, as well as some new targeted drugs such as trastuzumab and ICIs. These drugs may directly or indirectly cause cardiovascular injury through different mechanisms, and lead to increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease or accelerating the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiotoxicity is clinically manifested by arrhythmia, decreased cardiac function, or even sudden death. The cardiotoxicity caused by traditional chemotherapy drugs such as anthracyclines are significantly known. The cardiotoxicity of some new antitumor drugs such like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is also relatively clear and requiring further observation and verification. This review is focused on major three drugs with relatively high incidence of cardiotoxicity and poor prognosis and intended to provide an update on the clinical complications and outcomes of these drugs, and we innovatively summarize the monitoring status of survivors using these drugs and discuss the biomarkers and non-invasive imaging features to identify early cardiotoxicity. Finally, we summarize the prevention that decreasing antitumor drugs-induced cardiotoxicity.
Risk Factors and Prognostic Follow-Up of Vasovagal Syncope Children With Seizure-Like Activities During Head-Up Tilt Test Induced-Syncope
Authors: Zou Runmei , Wang Shuo , Wen Wen , Cai Hong , Wang Yuwen , Liu Ping , Li Fang , Lin Ping , Wang Cheng
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To analyze the risk factors associated with seizure-like activities during head up tilt test (HUTT)-induced syncope in children with vasovagal syncope (VVS) and assess the prognosis of these patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective study. VVS children with or without seizure-like activities during HUTT-induced syncope were included in convulsive or non-convulsive group. The clinical characteristics, hemodynamic parameters during HUTT-induced syncope and follow-up data were reviewed from the HUTT case report form and analyzed.

Results

68 cases (25 males, mean age 11.86 ± 3.35 years) were enrolled in convulsive group and 65 cases in non-convulsive group (24 males, mean age 11.64 ± 2.11 years). There were statistical differences in history duration, response type, and asystole between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Fully adjusted logistic regression showed that the risk of seizure-like activities was increased by 37.18 folds for patients with asystole compared with those without asystole (P = 0.005), by 308.25 and 6.08 folds for patients with cardioinhibitory type or mixed type compared with vasoinhibitory type (P < 0.01). No significant difference was exhibited in negative HUTT conversion rate and the proportion of re-syncope patients between the two groups at follow-up (both P > 0.05). None of these convulsive patients underwent pacemaker implantation during follow-up.

Conclusions

Asystole and response type were independent risk factors associated with seizure-like activities. Patients with asystole and mixed or cardioinhibitory responses to HUTT should be closely concerned. However, VVS children with seizure-like activities did not have a poor prognosis at follow-up.
Comparison of Post-operative Outcomes Between Direct Axillary Artery Cannulation and Side-Graft Axillary Artery Cannulation in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xie Yi , Liu Yu , Yang Peng , Lu Chen , Hu Jia
Published: June 2022

Background

There is a growing perception of using axillary artery cannulation to improve operative outcomes in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Two techniques, direct cannulation or side-graft cannulation, can be used for axillary artery cannulation, but which technique is better is controversial.

Methods

A meta-analysis of comparative studies reporting operative outcomes using direct cannulation vs. side-graft cannulation was performed. We searched the PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Outcomes of interest were neurological dysfunction, cannulation-related complications and early mortality. The fixed effects model was used.

Results

A total of 1,543 patients were included in the final analysis. Direct cannulation was used in 846 patients, and side-graft cannulation was used in 697 patients. Meta-analysis showed a higher occurrence of neurological Complication in direct cannulation group [odds ratio, 1.45, 95% CI (1.00, 2.10), χ2 = 4.40, P = 0.05] and a significantly higher incidence of cannulation-related complications in the direct cannulation group [odds ratio, 3.12, 95% CI (1.87, 5.18), χ2 = 2.54, P < 0.0001]. The incidence of early mortality did not have a difference [odds ratio, 0.95, 95% CI (0.64, 1.41), χ2 = 6.35, P = 0.79].

Conclusions

This study suggests that side-graft axillary artery cannulation is a better strategy as it reduces the incidence of neurological dysfunction and cannulation-related complications.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022325456.
The State-of-the-Art Techniques of Hydrocarbon Detection and Its Application in Ultra-Deep Carbonate Reservoir Characterization in the Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Cao Junxing , Jiang Xudong , Xue Yajuan , Tian Renfei , Xiang Tao , Cheng Ming
Published: June 2022

The Sichuan Basin is one of the most important gas-bearing basins in China, and its production accounts for more than a quarter of the country. In the past 10 years, major natural gas exploration discoveries in the basin were in ultra-deep ancient carbonate formations. The discovery of large marine gas fields has gone through a long period of exploration. For example, the Anyue gas field was discovered after more than 40 years of exploration. The main difficulty stems from deep burial, old age, and the complex geological evolution history of the carbonate rock and the resulting difficulty in identifying gas-bearing reservoirs. Although state-of-the-art reservoir prediction techniques have been used, the success rate of the exploration wells is relatively low. At present, the success rate of the ultra-deep exploration wells is about 30%. To enhance the reliability of the hydrocarbon detection of the ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs, we have developed a few novel methods in the last 10 years, including seismic-print analysis (SPA), depth-domain seismic dispersion analysis (DDSDA), and deep learning seismic analysis Applications to field data show that the results obtained by the new methods are in better agreement with the drilling results. This article presents the methods and their applications in the identification of the ultra-deep carbonate gas-bearing reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin, China. Key issues in hydrocarbon detection of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs, which have not been solved well, are also discussed.
Implementation of an Online Poster Symposium for a Large-Enrollment, Natural Science, General Education, Asynchronous Course
Authors: Weaver Ella M. , Shaul Kylienne A. , Lower Brian H.
Published: June 2022

Asynchronous online courses are popular because they offer benefits to both students and instructors. Students benefit from the convenience, flexibility, affordability, freedom of geography, and access to information. Instructors and institutions benefit by having a broad geographical reach, scalability, and cost-savings of no physical classroom. A challenge with asynchronous online courses is providing students with engaging, collaborative and interactive experiences. Here, we describe how an online poster symposium can be used as a unique educational experience and assessment tool in a large-enrollment (e.g., 500 students), asynchronous, natural science, general education (GE) course. The course, Introduction to Environmental Science (ENR2100), was delivered using distance education (DE) technology over a 15-week semester. In ENR2100 students learn a variety of topics including freshwater resources, surface water, aquifers, groundwater hydrology, ecohydrology, coastal and ocean circulation, drinking water, water purification, wastewater treatment, irrigation, urban and agricultural runoff, sediment and contaminant transport, water cycle, water policy, water pollution, and water quality. Here we present a is a long-term study that takes place from 2017 to 2022 (before and after COVID-19) and involved 5,625 students over 8 semesters. Scaffolding was used to break up the poster project into smaller, more manageable assignments, which students completed throughout the semester. Instructions, examples, how-to videos, book chapters and rubrics were used to accommodate Students’ different levels of knowledge. Poster assignments were designed to teach students how to find and critically evaluate sources of information, recognize the changing nature of scientific knowledge, methods, models and tools, understand the application of scientific data and technological developments, and evaluate the social and ethical implications of natural science discoveries. At the end of the semester students participated in an asynchronous online poster symposium. Each student delivered a 5-min poster presentation using an online learning management system and completed peer reviews of their classmates’ posters using a rubric. This poster project met the learning objectives of our natural science, general education course and taught students important written, visual and verbal communication skills. Students were surveyed to determine, which parts of the course were most effective for instruction and learning. Students ranked poster assignments first, followed closely by lectures videos. Approximately 87% of students were confident that they could produce a scientific poster in the future and 80% of students recommended virtual poster symposiums for online courses.
Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Is Positively Associated With Serum Uric Acid Levels and Hyperuricemia in Northern Chinese Adults
Authors: Sun Honglin , Chang Xiaona , Bian Nannan , An Yu , Liu Jia , Leng Song , Wang Guang
Published: June 2022

Objective

Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in serum uric acid (UA) metabolism, but the relative contribution of adipose tissue insulin resistance (IR) to serum UA levels and hyperuricemia have not explicitly been illustrated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between the adipose tissue insulin resistance index (Adipo-IR) and hyperuricemia in this cross-sectional study. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, another widely applied marker to determine systemic IR, was also explored.

Methods

A total of 5821 adults were included in this study. The relationship between Adipo-IR or HOMA-IR and serum UA levels was assessed by multivariate linear regression. Binary logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the sex-specific association of the Adipo-IR tertiles and HOMA-IR tertiles with hyperuricemia. Participants were then divided into normal BMI (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24) and elevated BMI (BMI ≥ 24) groups for further analysis.

Results

Both Adipo-IR and HOMA-IR were positively correlated with serum UA (P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest tertile, the risks of hyperuricemia increased across Adipo-IR tertiles (middle tertile: OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.24-1.88; highest tertile: OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.67–2.63) in men after full adjustment (P for trend < 0.001). In women, only the highest tertile (OR 2.09, 95%CI 1.52-2.87) was significantly associated with hyperuricemia. Those associations remained significant in participants with normal BMI status. As for HOMA-IR, only the highest tertile showed positive relationships with hyperuricemia in both genders after full adjustment (P for trend < 0.001). The association between HOMA-IR and hyperuricemia disappeared in men with normal BMI status.

Conclusions

Adipo-IR was strongly associated with serum UA and hyperuricemia regardless of BMI classification. In men with normal BMI, Adipo-IR, rather than HOMA-IR, was closely associated with hyperuricemia. Altogether, our finding highlights a critical role of adipose tissue IR on serum UA metabolism and hyperuricemia.
Case Report: Hypothalamic Amenorrhea Following COVID-19 Infection and Review of Literatures
Authors: Facondo Paolo , Maltese Virginia , Delbarba Andrea , Pirola Ilenia , Rotondi Mario , Ferlin Alberto , Cappelli Carlo
Published: June 2022

SARS-CoV-2 infection, responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can impair any organ system including endocrine glands. However, hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunctions following SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely unexplored. We described a case of hypothalamic amenorrhea following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 36-year-old healthy woman. The diagnostic workup excluded all the causes of secondary amenorrhea, in agreement to the current guidelines, whereas the gonadotropin increase in response to GnRH analogue tests was suggestive for hypothalamic impairment. Therefore, since our patient did not present any organic cause of hypothalamic–pituitary disorder, we hypothesized that her hypothalamic deficiency may have been a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This assumption, besides on the temporal consecutio, is strengthened by the fact that SARS-CoV-2 infection can impair the hypothalamic circuits, altering the endocrine axes, given that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors have also been observed in the hypothalamus. We reviewed the literature regarding hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. No study has previously described female hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with secondary amenorrhea following COVID-19. We suggest clinicians focusing greater attention on this possible endocrine disorder.
The Prevalence, Progress and Risk Factor Control of Chronic Kidney Disease in Chinese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Care
Authors: An Lingwang , Yu Qiuzhi , Tang Hong , Li Xianglan , Wang Dandan , Tang Qi , Xing Haiyang , He Yali , Zhao Xiaona , Zhao Shuhui , Lee Yaujiunn , Lu Juming
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Chinese adults with T2DM in primary care, and the association of HbA1c, blood pressure (BP) and triglycerides (TG), i.e. ABC control at follow up (FU) with the progress and regression of CKD.

Methods

A total of 5123 patients with ≥3 measurements of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), HbA1c, BP, LDL-C and TG, and FU ≥ 12 months were included into final analysis. The presence of CKD was defined as the presence of albuminuria (UACR ≥ 30 mg/g), impaired eGFR (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) or both, and was categorised as low, moderate and high/very high risk. The change of CKD risk for outcome was categorised as stable (no change), progress (risk increase) and regress (risk decrease) from baseline to the last visits (LV).

Results

The prevalence of CKD, impaired eGFR and albuminuria was 29.6%, 5.8% and 27.1% at baseline, with 70.4%, 20.3%, 7.0% and 2.3% of patients distributed in low, moderate, high and very high risk group. There were 3457 (67.5%), 1120 (21.8%) and 546 (10.7%) patients had CKD outcome risk stable, progressed and regressed respectively. The proportion of patients reaching targets of BP ≤ 130/80 mmHg, HbA1c<7.5%, LDL-C<2.60 mmol/L increased from baseline to FU and LV, together with increased usage of insulin, RAS inhibitors and lipid lowering medications. After multivariable adjustment, the HbA1c<7.5% (OR: 0.66, 95%CI 0.56-0.78), TG< 1.7 mmol/L (OR: 0.81, 95%CI 0.68-0.96) at FU and BP ≤ 130/80 mmHg at LV (OR: 0.82, 95%CI 0.70-0.95) was negatively associated with CKD outcome risk progress.

Conclusion

The prevalence of CKD was high with 21.8% of patients progressing to higher CKD outcome risk at FU, attention should be paid on long term and better ABC control.
Influence of Packaging Materials and Storage Conditions on Seed Germination Ability and Biochemical Changes in Some Medicinal Plants of Indian Forests
Authors: Tiwari RajKumar Singh , Chandra Krishna Kumar , Dubey Satish , Tripathi Sachchidanand
Published: June 2022

The forest environment represents a unique ecosystem for medicinal plants and provides congenial growth and development conditions. Overexploitation of these medicinal flora has negatively affected biodiversity in these areas; some of the important plant species are facing local extinction. Seed is the essential source of regeneration in forests that demands specific growing conditions. Thus, understanding seeds can be linked to conserving forests and their resources. Medicinal plants' seeds degrade fast and lose their viability after a few months of harvests and storage. In protecting the genetic integrity of stored samples, seed viability must be retained for prolonged periods. The study deals with the influence of different seed packaging/storage materials (polythene bags, jute bags, cloth bags, aluminum foil, unburned earthen pot, and burned earthen-pots), storage duration (1, 6, and 12 months), and temperature (room, 4°C temperature) on seed germination and biochemical activities of seven medicinal plant speciesviz.Abelmoschus moschatus, Andrographis paniculata, Bixa orellana, Ocimum basilicum, Plumbago zeylanica, Psoralea corylifolia, andWithania somnifera. The germination ability ofA. moschatuswas maximum when stored in polythene bags, while unburned earthen pots favored the germination ofW. somnifera. Out of seven species studied, seeds of four species showed maximum germination ability when stored at room temperature while a low-temperature environment was beneficial for another 3 species studied. The mean difference in total phenolic and flavonoid content was 4.69 and 8.38% higher, respectively, in low temperature than room temperature conditions. This study concluded that species-specific requirement of storage materials with adjustment of storage duration and temperature for higher germination and longer seed viability in medicinal plant species. Experiments using more medicinal plant species would be essential to test such potential effects of storage material, storage duration, temperature, andviachanges in seed germination and biochemical activities; our findings provide important insights that can help to guide management plans that aim to preserve seeds of important medicinal plant species for a longer period.
Genital Cutting as Gender Oppression: Time to Revisit the WHO Paradigm
Authors: Earp Brian D.
Published: June 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) condemns all medically unnecessary female genital cutting (FGC) that is primarily associated with people of color and the Global South, claiming that such FGC violates the human right to bodily integrity regardless of harm-level, degree of medicalization, or consent. However, the WHO does not condemn medically unnecessary FGC that is primarily associated with Western culture, such as elective labiaplasty or genital piercing, even when performed by non-medical practitioners (e.g., body artists) or on adolescent girls. Nor does it campaign against any form of medically unnecessary intersex genital cutting (IGC) or male genital cutting (MGC), including forms that are non-consensual or comparably harmful to some types of FGC. These and other apparent inconsistencies risk undermining the perceived authority of the WHO to pronounce on human rights. This paper considers whether the WHO could justify its selective condemnation of non-Western-associated FGC by appealing to the distinctive role of such practices in upholding patriarchal gender systems and furthering sex-based discrimination against women and girls. The paper argues that such a justification would not succeed. To the contrary, dismantling patriarchal power structures and reducing sex-based discrimination in FGC-practicing societies requires principled opposition to medically unnecessary, non-consensual genital cutting of all vulnerable persons, including insufficiently autonomous children, irrespective of their sex traits or socially assigned gender. This conclusion is based, in part, on an assessment of the overlapping and often mutually reinforcing roles of different types of child genital cutting—FGC, MGC, and IGC—in reproducing oppressive gender systems. These systems, in turn, tend to subordinate women and girls as well as non-dominant males and sexual and gender minorities. The selective efforts of the WHO to eliminate only non-Western-associated FGC exposes the organization to credible accusations of racism and cultural imperialism and paradoxically undermines its own stated goals: namely, securing the long-term interests and equal rights of women and girls in FGC-practicing societies.
The Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Significance of AHSA1 in Pan-Cancer, and Its Relationship With the Proliferation and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Wenli , Liu Jun
Published: June 2022

The AHSA1 is a main activator of ATPase of Hsp90. Hsp90 is involved in various metabolic and developmental processes of tumor cells. Although, the role of AHSA1 in tumor cells is still unrecognized. In the current research, the RNA-seq of 33 tumors were downloaded using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for the analysis of AHSA1 expression in tumors. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the evaluation of the prognostic significance of AHSA1 in patients with pan-cancer. Additionally, the correlation between AHSA1 and immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint, pyroptosis-related molecules, epithelial cell transformation-related molecules, and autophagy-related molecules were analyzed by co-expression. Furthermore, we examined the effect of AHSA1 knockdown on cell function in Huh7 and HCCLM3 cells of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines.

According to the finding of this study, up-regulation of AHSA1 expression was observed in numerous tumor tissues, and its over-expression in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) could affect the overall survival and disease-specific survival of the patients. Meanwhile, as per the correlation analysis the expression of AHSA1 was greatly correlated with the expression of various immune cell infiltrates, immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor mutation load, and microsatellite instability. Moreover, this study focused on analyzing the association of AHSA1 expression with multiple pathological stages in HCC, and confirmed that AHSA1 was an independent prognostic factor of HCC by univariate and multivariate COX regression in TCGA and The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohorts. At the same time, cellular experiments proved that the AHSA1 knockdown could decrease the proliferation activity, cell migration and invasion ability of HCC cells. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that AHSA1 can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker of tumors and it may have a significant role in the proliferation as well as migration of HCC cells.
Increased Level of Tim-3+PD-1+CD4+T Cells With Altered Function Might Be Associated With Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Authors: Cui Liyuan , Chen Lanting , Dai Yuxin , Ou JingMin , Qiu Mingke , Wang Songcun
Published: June 2022

Lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO) is a vascular disease that may result in adult limb loss worldwide. CD4+T cell-mediated immunity plays a significant role in LEASO. The T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) and inhibitory receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) are well-known immune checkpoints that play crucial roles in regulating CD4+T cell activation or tolerance. In this study, blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the blood samples of healthy controls and patients who were diagnosed with LEASO for the first time [stage III or IV according to the Fontaine classification system and had not received drugs (except for heparin) or surgery treatment]. We concluded the higher proportion of Tim-3+PD-1+CD4+T cells in human higher stage LEASO, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein increased Tim-3 and PD-1 co-expression by activating CD4+T cells in a dose- dependent manner. Tim-3+PD-1+CD4+T cells displayed a more active status and produced more anti-atherogenic cytokines compared to Tim-3-PD-1-CD4+T cells. Apart from the increased frequency, the altered function of Tim-3+PD-1+CD4+T cells was also observed in LEASO compared to those from healthy controls. These in vitro results indicated that Tim-3 and PD-1 might be promising early warning targets of higher stage LEASO. In addition, the blockade of Tim-3 and PD-1 signaling pathways aggravated the pro-atherogenic Th1 responses in LEASO, further suggesting that the cardiovascular safety must be a criterion considered in using immune checkpoint inhibitors to reverse T cell exhaustion during tumors and chronic viral infections.
Screening Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Based on Machine Learning and Exploring Their Expression Correlations With the Ratios of Various Immune Cells
Authors: Zhong Yafang , Zhang Wei , Hong Xiaoping , Zeng Zhipeng , Chen Yumei , Liao Shengyou , Cai Wanxia , Xu Yong , Wang Gang , Liu Dongzhou , Tang Donge , Dai Yong
Published: June 2022

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune illness caused by a malfunctioning immunomodulatory system. China has the second highest prevalence of SLE in the world, from 0.03% to 0.07%. SLE is diagnosed using a combination of immunological markers, clinical symptoms, and even invasive biopsy. As a result, genetic diagnostic biomarkers for SLE diagnosis are desperately needed.

Method

From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we downloaded three array data sets of SLE patients’ and healthy people’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (GSE65391, GSE121239 and GSE61635) as the discovery metadata (nSLE = 1315, nnormal = 122), and pooled four data sets (GSE4588, GSE50772, GSE99967, and GSE24706) as the validate data set (nSLE = 146, nnormal = 76). We screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the SLE and control samples, and employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) analyze to discover possible diagnostic biomarkers. The candidate markers’ diagnostic efficacy was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was utilized to confirm the expression of the putative biomarkers using our own Chinese cohort (nSLE = 13, nnormal = 10). Finally, the proportion of 22 immune cells in SLE patients was determined using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the correlations between the biomarkers’ expression and immune cell ratios were also investigated.

Results

We obtained a total of 284 DEGs and uncovered that they were largely involved in several immune relevant pathways, such as type І interferon signaling pathway, defense response to virus, and inflammatory response. Following that, six candidate diagnostic biomarkers for SLE were selected, namely ABCB1, EIF2AK2, HERC6, ID3, IFI27, and PLSCR1, whose expression levels were validated by the discovery and validation cohort data sets. As a signature, the area under curve (AUC) values of these six genes reached to 0.96 and 0.913, respectively, in the discovery and validation data sets. After that, we checked to see if the expression of ABCB1, IFI27, and PLSCR1 in our own Chinese cohort matched that of the discovery and validation sets. Subsequently, we revealed the potentially disturbed immune cell types in SLE patients using the CIBERSORT analysis, and uncovered the most relevant immune cells with the expression of ABCB1, IFI27, and PLSCR1.

Conclusion

Our study identified ABCB1, IFI27, and PLSCR1 as potential diagnostic genes for Chinese SLE patients, and uncovered their most relevant immune cells. The findings in this paper provide possible biomarkers for diagnosing Chinese SLE patients.
The Cross-Protective Immunity Landscape Among Different SARS-CoV-2 Variant RBDs
Authors: Sun Wenqiang , He Lihong , Lou Huicong , Fan Wenhui , Yang Limin , Cheng Gong , Liu Wenjun , Sun Lei
Published: June 2022

Despite the fact that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been available in most parts of the world, the epidemic status remains grim with new variants emerging and escaping the immune protection of existing vaccines. Therefore, the development of more effective antigens and evaluation of their cross-protective immunity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants are particularly urgent. In this study, we expressed the wild type (WT), Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Lambda RBD proteins to immunize mice and evaluated their cross-neutralizing activity against different pseudoviruses (WT, Alpha, Beta, Delta, Lambda, and Omicron). All monovalent and pentavalent RBD antigens induced high titers of IgG antibodies against different variant RBD antigens. In contrast, WT RBD antigen-induced antibodies showed a lower neutralizing activity against Beta, Delta, Lambda, and Omicron pseudoviruses compared to neutralization against itself. Interestingly, Beta RBD antigen and multivalent antigen induced broader cross-neutralization antibodies than other variant RBD antigens. These data provide a reference for vaccine strain selection and universal COVID-19 vaccine design to fight the constant emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Case Report: Azathioprine: An Old and Wronged Immunosuppressant
Authors: Chocair Pedro R. , Neves Precil Diego Miranda de Menezes , Mohrbacher Sara , Neto Maurilio Pacheco , Sato Victor A. H. , Oliveira Érico S. , Barbosa Leonardo V. , Bales Alessandra M. , Silva Fagner Pereira da , Cuvello-Neto Américo L. , Duley John A.
Published: June 2022

Mycophenolate rapidly substituted azathioprine (AZA) in transplant immunosuppression regimens since the 1990s, when early clinical trials indicated better outcomes, although opposite results were also observed. However, none of these trials used the well-established optimization methods for AZA dosing, namely, thiopurine methyltransferase pharmacogenetics combined with monitoring of the thiopurine metabolites 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP). Resistance to optimize AZA therapy remains today in transplant therapy, despite the fact that thiopurine metabolite testing is being used by other medical disciplines with evident improvement in clinical results. In a previous analysis, we found that active 6-TGN metabolites were not detectable in about 30% of kidney transplant patients under continuous use of apparently adequate azathioprine dosage, which demonstrates the need to monitor these metabolites for therapeutic optimization. Two of four case studies presented here exemplifies this fact. On the other hand, some patients have toxic 6-TGN levels with a theoretically appropriate dose, as seen in the other two case studies in this presentation, constituting one more important reason to monitor the AZA dose administered by its metabolites. This analysis is not intended to prove the superiority of one immunosuppressant over another, but to draw attention to a fact: there are thousands of patients around the world receiving an inadequate dose of azathioprine and, therefore, with inappropriate immunosuppression. This report is also intended to draw attention, to clinicians using thiopurines, that allopurinol co-therapy with AZA is a useful therapeutic pathway for those patients who do not adequately form active thioguanine metabolites.
Global Trends in Research of Gouty Arthritis Over Past Decade: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Deng Pin , Wang Shulong , Sun Xiaojie , Qi Yinze , Ma Zhanhua , Pan Xuyue , Liang Huan , Wu Junde , Chen Zhaojun
Published: June 2022

Gouty arthritis (GA), as a multifactorial disease, is characterised by intense pain, active inflammation symptoms, and swollen joints. It has utterly complex pathogenesis, of which the amount of research publications on GA has increased during the last few decades. A bibliometric analysis was carried out to investigate the trends, frontiers, and hot spots in global scientific output in GA research over the last decade. We retrieved the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for publications and recorded information published from 2012 to 2021. we carried out the bibliometric analysis and visualisation analysis of the overall distribution of annual outputs, leading countries, active institutions, journals, authors, co-cited references, and keywords with the VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The impact and quality of papers were assessed using a global citation score (GCS). We retrieved 2052 articles and reviews in total. The annual number of publications (Np) related to GA research has increased during the latest decade. China published the most papers, and the USA achieved the highest H-index and number of citations (Nc). The League of European Research Universities (LERU) and Clinical Rheumatology (Clin Rheumatol) are the most productive institutions and periodicals. The total GCS of the paper written by Kottgen, A. in 2013 was 479, ranking the first. The most common keywords were “Gout,” “hyperuricemia,” and “gouty arthritis.” This research revealed that though there was a slight fluctuation in publications related to GA, the Np raised on the whole. China was an enormous creator, and the USA was an influential nation in this domain. The top three contributor authors were Dalbeth, N., Singh, JA., and Choi, HK. There were few investigations on the treatment of GA by Chinese medicine monomer, and the “mechanism,” “pathway”, “nf- kappa-b”, “injury”, “receptor”, and “animal model” were growing research hotspots. Our research illustrated the hotspots of research and development trends in the research field of GA during the last decade. Recognition of the most critical indicators (researchers, countries, institutes, and journals for the release of GA research), hotspots in the research field of GA can be helpful for countries, scholars, and policymakers in this field to understand GA better make decisions.
Hallmarks of Severe COVID-19 Pathogenesis: A Pas de Deux Between Viral and Host Factors
Authors: Rovito Roberta , Augello Matteo , Ben-Haim Assaf , Bono Valeria , d’Arminio Monforte Antonella , Marchetti Giulia
Published: June 2022

Two years into Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a comprehensive characterization of the pathogenesis of severe and critical forms of COVID-19 is still missing. While a deep dysregulation of both the magnitude and functionality of innate and adaptive immune responses have been described in severe COVID-19, the mechanisms underlying such dysregulations are still a matter of scientific debate, in turn hampering the identification of new therapies and of subgroups of patients that would most benefit from individual clinical interventions. Here we review the current understanding of viral and host factors that contribute to immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 severity in the attempt to unfold and broaden the comprehension of COVID-19 pathogenesis and to define correlates of protection to further inform strategies of targeted therapeutic interventions.