bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dengue virus dominates lipid metabolism modulations in Wolbachia-coinfected Aedes aegypti
Authors: Koh Cassandra , Islam M. Nurul , Ye Yixin H. , Chotiwan Nunya , Graham Barbara , Belisle John T. , Kouremenos Konstantinos A. , Dayalan Saravanan , Tull Dedreia L. , Klatt Stephan , Perera Rushika , McGraw Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2020

Competition between viruses andWolbachiafor host lipids is a proposed mechanism ofWolbachia-mediated virus blocking in insects. Yet, the metabolomic interaction between virus and symbiont within the mosquito has not been clearly defined. We compare the lipid profiles ofAedes aegyptimosquitoes bearing mono- or dual-infections of theWolbachia wMel strain and dengue virus serotype 3 (DENV3). We found metabolic signatures of infection-induced intracellular events but little evidence to support direct competition betweenWolbachiaand virus for host lipids. Lipid profiles of dual-infected mosquitoes resemble those of DENV3 mono-infected mosquitoes, suggesting virus-driven modulation dominates over that ofWolbachia. Interestingly, knockdown of key metabolic enzymes suggests cardiolipins are host factors for DENV3 andWolbachiareplication. These findings define theWolbachia-DENV3 metabolic interaction as indirectly antagonistic, rather than directly competitive, and reveal new research avenues with respect to mosquito × virus interactions at the molecular level.
Emergent charge order from correlated electron-phonon physics in cuprates
Authors: Banerjee S. , Atkinson W. A. , Kampf A. P.
Published: September 2020

Charge-density wave order is now understood to be a widespread feature of underdoped cuprate high-temperature superconductors, although its origins remain unclear. While experiments suggest that the charge-ordering wavevector is determined by Fermi-surface nesting, the relevant sections of the Fermi surface are featureless and provide no clue as to the underlying mechanism. Here, focusing on underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x, we propose that charge-density waves form from the incipient softening of a bond-buckling phonon. The momentum dependence of its coupling to itinerant electrons favourably selects the wavevector found in experiments. But, it requires quasiparticle renormalization by strong electronic correlations to enable a unique enhancement of the charge susceptibility near the B1g-phonon selected wavevector. The B1g phonon frequency softens by a few percent, and finite-range charge-density wave correlations will form locally, if nucleated by defects or dopant disorder. These results suggest that underdoped cuprates cannot be understood in the context of strong electronic correlations alone.
Surface anchoring controls orientation of a microswimmer in nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Chi Hai , Potomkin Mykhailo , Zhang Lei , Berlyand Leonid , Aranson Igor S.
Published: September 2020

Microscopic swimmers, both living and synthetic, often dwell in anisotropic viscoelastic environments. The most representative realization of such an environment is water-soluble liquid crystals. Here, we study how the local orientation order of liquid crystal affects the motion of a prototypical elliptical microswimmer. In the framework of well-validated Beris-Edwards model, we show that the microswimmer’s shape and its surface anchoring strength affect the swimming direction and can lead to reorientation transition. Furthermore, there exists a critical surface anchoring strength for non-spherical bacteria-like microswimmers, such that swimming occurs perpendicular in a sub-critical case and parallel in super-critical case. Finally, we demonstrate that for large propulsion speeds active microswimmers generate topological defects in the bulk of the liquid crystal. We show that the location of these defects elucidates how a microswimmer chooses its swimming direction. Our results can guide experimental works on control of bacteria transport in complex anisotropic environments.
Magnon-driven dynamics of a hybrid system excited with ultrafast optical pulses
Authors: Crescini N. , Braggio C. , Carugno G. , Di Vora R. , Ortolan A. , Ruoso G.
Published: September 2020

The potential of photon-magnon hybrid systems as building blocks for quantum information science has been widely demonstrated, and it is still the focus of much research. We leverage the strengths of this unique heterogeneous physical system in the field of precision physics beyond the standard model, where the sensitivity to the so-called “invisibles” is currently being boosted by quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate that quanta of spin waves, induced by effective magnetic fields, can be detected in a large frequency band using a hybrid system as transducer. This result can be applied to the search of cosmological signals related, for example, to cold Dark Matter, which may directly interact with magnons. Our model of the transducer is based on a second-quantisation two-oscillators hybrid system, it matches the observations, and can be easily extended to thoroughly describe future large-scale ferromagnetic haloscopes.
The improved targeting of an aspirin prodrug albumin-based nanosystem for visualizing and inhibiting lung metastasis of breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Wancun , Xia Lili , Ren Xiangyu , Cui Mengyuan , Liu Tianguang , Ling Chen , Xu Yanqi , Deng Dawei , Zhang Xianwei , Gu Yueqing , Wang Peng
Published: September 2020

The nanoplatform FA-BSA@DA was developed for the loading of the aspirin prodrug DA and for the subsequent visualization and inhibition of breast cancer metastasis to the lung.
Polymer-loaded hydrogels serve as depots for lactate and mimic “cold” tumor microenvironments
Authors: Allen Riley , Ivtchenko Emilie , Thuamsang Bhasirie , Sangsuwan Rapeepat , Lewis Jamal S.
Published: September 2020

Peptide hydrogels loaded with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles can recapitulate lactate concentrations and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment.
Electro-responsive hydrogels: macromolecular and supramolecular approaches in the biomedical field
Authors: Carayon Iga , Gaubert Alexandra , Mousli Yannick , Philippe Barthélémy
Published: September 2020

Hydrogels are soft materials of the utmost importance in the biomedical and healthcare fields.
Rationalising the influence of solvent choice on the porosity of conjugated microporous polymers
Authors: Mollart Catherine , Trewin Abbie
Published: September 2020

A design strategy for high surface area CMPs is to choose a solvent that minimises miscibility of solvent and reactants.
Accuracy of intermolecular interaction energies, particularly those of hetero-atom containing molecules obtained by DFT calculations with Grimme's D2, D3 and D3BJ dispersion corrections
Authors: Tsuzuki Seiji , Uchimaru Tadafumi
Published: September 2020

The performance of DFT calculations with D3 or D3BJ dispersion correction for molecules including hetero atom are not good compared with hydrocarbon molecules.
The structure of metallic melts in binary homogenous alloys: a thermodynamical understanding from the Wulff cluster model
Authors: Song Lin , Tian Xuelei , Shao Anchen , Li Lijuan , Zhang Yongmei , Li Hui , Lin Xiaohang
Published: September 2020

A new model to describe the short-range ordering in homogenous alloys (Cu–Ni and Ag–Au alloys).
Mild lipid extraction and anisotropic cell membrane penetration of α-phase phosphorene carbide nanoribbons by molecular dynamics simulation studies
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Yanmei , Qu Yuanyuan , Li Yong-Qiang , Zhao Mingwen , Li Weifeng
Published: September 2020

α-PC penetrates the interior of membrane efficiently only along its zigzag direction rather than its armchair direction.
Macrocycle supported dimetallic lanthanide complexes with slow magnetic relaxation in Dy2analogues
Authors: Shen Fu-Xing , Pramanik Kuheli , Brandão Paula , Zhang Yi-Quan , Jana Narayan Ch. , Wang Xin-Yi , Panja Anangamohan
Published: September 2020

A series of isomorphous dimetallic LnIIIcomplexes with a macrocycle ligand and different β-diketone coligands have been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically.
High-throughput underwater elemental analysis by μJ-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy at a kHz repetition rate: part II, understanding the high repetition-rate from a fundamental perspective
Authors: Xue Boyang , You Yi , Riedel Jens
Published: September 2020

Schemes of laser-induced breakdown at different repetition-rate bands.
Rational design, synthesis and testing of novel tricyclic topoisomerase inhibitors for the treatment of bacterial infections part 2
Authors: Kirk R. , Ratcliffe A. , Noonan G. , Uosis-Martin M. , Lyth D. , Bardell-Cox O. , Massam J. , Schofield P. , Lyons A. , Clare D. , Maclean J. , Smith A. , Savage V. , Mohmed S. , Charrier C. , Salisbury A-M. , Moyo E. , Ooi N. , Chalam-Judge N. , Cheung J. , Stokes N. R. , Best S. , Craighead M. , Armer R. , Huxley A.
Published: September 2020

We disclose the discovery of REDX07965, a novel tricyclic topoisomerase inhibitor (NTTI) which has broad spectrum activity, favourable in vitro pharmacokinetic properties and selectivity versus human topoisomerase II.
Spectral refining of organic photodiodesviachemical doping: from analyses to applications
Authors: Kang Mingyun , Ko Seong-Min , Kim Juhee , Hassan Syed Zahid , Jee Dong-Woo , Chung Dae Sung
Published: September 2020

Precise and facile junction engineering of organic photodiodes (OPDs)viachemical doping is demonstrated.
High-twist-pervaded electrochemical yarn muscles with ultralarge and fast contractile actuations
Authors: Wang Yulian , Qiao Jian , Wu Kunjie , Yang Wei , Ren Ming , Dong Lizhong , Zhou Yurong , Wu Yulong , Wang Xiaona , Yong Zhenzhong , Di Jiangtao , Li Qingwen
Published: September 2020

Carbon nanotube yarn muscles with a high-twist-pervaded and hierarchical structure show ultra-large and fast contractile actuations when driven by electrochemical ion injection.
Are two-dimensional materials radiation tolerant?
Authors: Krasheninnikov Arkady V.
Published: September 2020

Due to their low weight, small size and low power consumption, two-dimensional materials are expected to be used in space applications. This brings about the issue of their radiation hardness, which is briefly discussed in this article.
An innovative approach for on-demand hydrogen generation, and its application to the preparation of kraft black liquor foams
Authors: Lê Vincent , Dourges Marie-Anne , Bobet Jean-Louis , Deleuze Hervé
Published: September 2020

A safe, cheap and straightforward on-demand hydrogen generation method has been developed using a polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) emulsion as a hydride donor in a highly alkaline solution without the need of any other harmful catalyst.
Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer in conjugated polyelectrolyte–acceptor ion pair complexes
Authors: Jagadesan Pradeepkumar , Valandro Silvano R. , Schanze Kirk S.
Published: September 2020

Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) are a promising class of materials for photovoltaic and sensing applications due to their ability to undergo efficient photoinduced electron transfer (ET).
Continuous production of propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol) by the hydrogenolysis of glycerol over a bi-functional Cu–Ru/MgO catalyst
Authors: Pandey Dinesh Kumar , Biswas Prakash
Published: September 2020

A series of Cu–Ru/MgO catalysts were developed for the continuous production of propylene glycol from glycerol in a sectionally packed downflow tubular reactor in the vapor phase.
Chemical vapor deposited polymer layer for efficient passivation of planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Malekshahi Byranvand Mahdi , Behboodi-Sadabad Farid , Alrhman Eliwi Abed , Trouillet Vanessa , Welle Alexander , Ternes Simon , Hossain Ihteaz Muhaimeen , Khan Motiur Rahman , Schwenzer Jonas Alexander , Farooq Amjad , Richards Bryce Sydney , Lahann Joerg , Paetzold Ulrich Wilhelm
Published: September 2020

Controlling the thickness and homogeneity of thin passivation layers on polycrystalline perovskite thin films is challenging. We report CVD polymerization of poly(p-xylylene) layers at controlled substrate temperatures for efficient surface passivation of perovskite films.
Recent advances in nanostructured transition metal nitrides for fuel cells
Authors: Zheng Jiafen , Zhang Weifeng , Zhang Jiaxi , Lv Mengyuan , Li Shulian , Song Huiyu , Cui Zhiming , Du Li , Liao Shijun
Published: September 2020

This review summarizes the advances in nanostructured transition metal nitride materials for application in fuel cells.
Green-solvent-processable organic semiconductors and future directions for advanced organic electronics
Authors: Lee Junwoo , Park Sang Ah , Ryu Seung Un , Chung Dasol , Park Taiho , Son Sung Yun
Published: September 2020

In recent years, organic semiconductors which are lightweight, flexible, and low processing costs, have enabled significant progress in organic electronic fields [e.g., organic photovoltaics, perovskite solar cells, organic thin-film transistors].
Thin-carbon-layer-enveloped cobalt–iron oxide nanocages as a high-efficiency sulfur container for Li–S batteries
Authors: Gu Liang-Liang , Gao Jian , Wang Chuang , Qiu Sheng-You , Wang Ke-Xin , Gao Xiao-Tian , Sun Ke-Ning , Zuo Peng-Jian , Zhu Xiao-Dong
Published: September 2020

A combinational strategy of electrical conductivity, physical encapsulation and chemical adsorption provide an effective approach of resolving the current cathode issues in Li-S batteries.
Iron stabilized 1/3 A-site deficient La–Ti–O perovskite cathodes for efficient CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Hu Shiqing , Zhang Lixiao , Cai Lili , Cao Zhongwei , Jiang Qike , Yu Wenguang , Wu Yongkuan , Zhu Xuefeng , Yang Weishen
Published: September 2020

Novel Ti-based cathodes with electrochemically exsolved iron nanoparticles show high electrocatalytic activity and stability towards CO2 electroreduction.
Model, simulation and experiments for a Buoyancy Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Schoenmaker Jeroen , Martins Pâmella Gonçalves , da Silva Guilherme Corsi Miranda , Teixeira Julio Carlos
Published: September 2020

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems are increasingly gaining relevance in the renewable and sustainable energy scenario. Recently our research group published a manuscript identifying a new type of thermodynamic cycle entitled Buoyancy Organic Rankine Cycle (BORC) [J. Schoenmaker, J.F.Q. Rey, K.R. Pirota, Renew. Energy 36, 999 (2011)]. In this work we present two main contributions. First, we propose a refined thermodynamic model for BORC systems accounting for the specific heat of the working fluid. Considering the refined model, the efficiencies for Pentane and Dichloromethane at temperatures up to 100 °C were estimated to be 17.2%. Second, we show a proof of concept BORC system using a 3 m tall, 0.062 m diameter polycarbonate tube as a column-fluid reservoir. We used water as a column fluid. The thermal stability and uniformity throughout the tube has been carefully simulated and verified experimentally. After the thermal parameters of the water column have been fully characterized, we developed a test body to allow an adequate assessment of the BORC-system's efficiency. We obtained 0.84% efficiency for 43.8 °C working temperature. This corresponds to 35% of the Carnot efficiency calculated for the same temperature difference. Limitations of the model and the apparatus are put into perspective, pointing directions for further developments of BORC systems.
Experimental investigation of nanoparticles distribution mechanisms and deposition patterns during nanofluid droplet evaporation
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang ShengWei , Chai Lin , El Achkar Georges , Chen Aiqiang , Theodorakis Panagiotis E.
Published: September 2020

Droplet evaporation is fascinating, ubiquitous, and relevant for a wide spectrum of applications, such as printing, drug testing, coating, and biomedical diagnosis. In this paper, the effects of substrate temperature (30 °C, 47 °C, 64 °C, 81 °C) and 20 nm Al2O3 nanoparticles mass fraction (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%) on the nanoparticles distribution mechanisms and deposition patterns during the evaporation of Al2O3-H2O nanofluid droplet were experimentally investigated. An experimental device was designed and realized. The self-assembly and Marangoni forces were first highlighted and compared. Two coffee-ring and inner-ring patterns were then identified and analyzed. The evaporation process characteristics were finally determined and discussed.
Preliminary Clinical Experience with Shear Wave Dispersion Imaging for Liver Viscosity in Preoperative Diagnosis of Focal Liver Lesions
Authors: Dong Yi , Qiu Yijie , Zhang Qi , Yang Daohui , Yu Lingyun , Wang Wen-Ping , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: September 2020

Background The aim of our study is to analyze viscosity characteristics of focal liver lesions (FLLs) and the diagnostic performance of shear wave dispersion (SWD) in differentiating benign and malignant FLLs.

Methods Between January 2018 and April 2018, 58 consecutive patients (median age 57, age range 21–74 years, 37 males) with 58 FLLs located on the right lobe of liver were prospectively studied. The Aplio i900 series diagnostic ultrasound system (Canon Medical systems) equipped with a curvilinear PV1-475BX transducer (1–8 MHz) was used. SWD slope and viscosity measurements were expressed as mean ± standard deviation for both liver tumors and background liver parenchyma. Histopathological results after surgery were regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis.

Results Final diagnosis included 40 cases of malignant and 18 cases of benign FLLs. The mean viscosity value were 14.78 ± 1.86 m/s/kHz for hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 30), 14.81 ± 2.35 m/s/kHz for liver metastasis lesions (n = 10), 13.23 ± 1.31 m/s/kHz for hemangioma (n = 13), and 13.67 ± 2.72 m/s/kHz for focal nodular hyperplasia (n = 5). Malignant FLLs showed higher mean viscosity values (14.79 ± 3.15 m/s/KHz) than benign FLLs (13.36 ± 2.76 m/s/KHz) (p < 0.05). The best performing cut-off value of lesion viscosity was 13.15 m/s/kHz (sensitivity 83.3 %; specificity 56.5 %; area under the curve (AUC) 0.71) for malignancy) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions The analysis of SWD slope and liver viscosity parameters provide additional viscoelastic information about FLLs before operation.
Biceps Tendon Changes and Pitching Mechanics in Youth Softball
Pitchers
Authors: Oliver Gretchen D. , Downs Jessica L. , Friesen Kenzie B. , Saper Michael G. , Anz Adam W. , Andrews James R.
Published: September 2020

With the lack of pitch count regulation, youth softball pitchers are
experiencing unremitting high stresses on the anterior shoulder. The purpose
of this study was to examine the association of acute changes in the long
head of the biceps tendon with pitching kinematics and kinetics in youth
softball pitchers following an acute bout of pitching. Twenty-three softball
pitchers (12.17±1.50 yrs.; 160.32±9.41 cm;
60.40±15.97 kg) participated. To investigate the association
between biceps tendon changes and kinematic and kinetic changes from pre- to
post-simulated game, each biceps tendon measure was split into those whose
biceps tendon thickness, width, and/or area increased pre- to
post-simulated game, and those whose did not. There were significant
differences in biceps tendon longitudinal thickness
(Z=− 2.739, p=0.006) and pitch speed; as
well as a difference between groups in biceps tendon transverse thickness
and the amount of change in trunk rotation at the start of the pitching
motion (p=0.017) and the amount of change in trunk flexion at ball
release (p=0.030). This study illustrates the association of trunk
and lower extremity kinematics and shoulder kinetics with morphologic
changes in the biceps tendon with an acute bout of windmill softball
pitching.
Hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) compared with conventional ESD for colorectal lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McCarty Thomas R. , Bazarbashi Ahmad Najdat , Thompson Christopher C. , Aihara Hiroyuki
Published: September 2020

Background Hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is increasingly utilized to overcome the complexity of conventional ESD. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of hybrid ESD for treatment of colorectal lesions.

Methods Search strategies were developed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Pooled proportions were calculated with rates estimated using random effects models. Measured outcomes included en bloc resection, procedure-associated complications, recurrence, and need for surgery. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare effectiveness of conventional versus hybrid ESD.

Results 16 studies (751 patients) were included with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) lesion size of 27.96 (10.55) mm. En bloc resection rate was 81.63 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 72.07 – 88.44; I2
 = 80.89). Complications, recurrences, and need for surgery occurred in 7.74 % (95 %CI 4.78 – 12.31; I2
 = 65.84), 4.52 % (95 %CI 1.40 – 13.65; I2
 = 76.81), and 3.64 % (95 %CI 1.76 – 7.37; I2
 = 15.52), respectively. Mean procedure duration was 48.83 (22.37) minutes. On subgroup analyses comparing outcomes for conventional (n = 1703) versus hybrid ESD (n = 497), procedure duration was significantly shorter for hybrid ESD (mean difference 18.45 minutes; P = 0.003), with lower complication rates (P = 0.04); however, hybrid ESD had lower en bloc resection rates (P < 0.001). There was no difference in rates of recurrence or surgery (P > 0.05).

Conclusion While hybrid ESD was safe and effective for removal of colorectal lesions, with shorter procedure duration, fewer complications, and no difference in recurrence versus conventional ESD, hybrid ESD was associated with a lower en bloc resection rate.
Concise Diastereoselective Total Synthesis of (±)-Parvistemonine A
Authors: Sugita Kazuyuki , Matsuo Rintaro , Miyashita Ayumu , Kuwabara Motoi , Adachi Shinya , Matsuzawa Akinobu
Published: September 2020

We have developed a concise diastereoselective total synthesis of (±)-parvistemonine A. By using a Mukaiyama–Michael addition, an aza-Wittig reaction, a Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis, an acid-mediated annulation, and a Mitsunobu reaction as key steps, we achieved a total synthesis in which the longest linear sequence was ten steps and the overall yield was 19.6%. Additionally, the relative stereochemistry of parvistemonine A was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis for the first time.
Combined Pre- and Postnatal Minimally Invasive Approach to Complicated Pulmonary Sequestrations
Authors: Ichino Martina , Macchini Francesco , Morandi Anna , Persico Nicola , Fabietti Isabella , Zanini Andrea , Leva Ernesto
Published: September 2020

Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is mostly asymptomatic but there is a proportion of fetuses that develop hydrops, leading to fetal or neonatal death. Fetal treatments are available, but postnatal management of the residual lesions is not uniformly defined. We present two cases of combined pre- and postnatal minimally invasive approach to complicated extra-lobar PS.

Patient 1 presented with complicated PS at 31 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound-guided laser coagulation of the anomalous artery was successful. The patient was born asymptomatic at 38 weeks. Neonatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a residual mass, confirmed by computed tomography (CT) at 6 months. No systemic artery was described, but perfusion was present. We decided for thoracoscopic resection. A residual artery was identified and sealed. Patient 2 presented with complicated PS at 25 weeks of gestation, underwent laser coagulation of the anomalous artery and was born asymptomatic at 38 weeks. Neonatal MRI showed persistence of the lesion, confirmed by CT scan at 4 months. We proceeded with thoracoscopic resection. A residual vessel was ligated. The patients 1 and 2 are now 24 and 21 months old, respectively, and healthy.

Prenatal treatment of complicated PS is a life-saving procedure.

Postnatal thoracoscopic resection of the residual lesion is feasible and safe; we believe it is the best course of treatment to grant the complete excision of the malformation.
EUS-Guided Celiac Plexus Interventions
Authors: Sharma Zubin Dev , Bansal Rinkesh Kumar , Puri Rajesh
Published: September 2020

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided celiac plexus intervention comprises EUS-guided celiac plexus block (EUS-CPB) and EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis (EUS-CPN). EUS-CPB and EUS-CPN are one of the used methods of pain management in patients of pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis, respectively, along with medical therapy. Both the procedures are associated with minimal complications and improves quality of life. The role of EUS-guided celiac plexus intervention is increasing in gall bladder carcinoma for pain control.
Electron plasma wave excitation by a q-Gaussian laser beam and subsequent electron acceleration
Authors: Yadav Monika , Gupta Devki Nandan , Sharma Suresh C.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we theoretically study the propagation dynamics of a q-Gaussian laser beam in a plasma by considering the relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities. The q-Gaussian laser beam exhibits unique characteristics while interacting with the plasma. The q-Gaussian laser beam redistributes the plasma density in a different way, which affects the laser self-focusing. A comparative study of the self-focusing for Gaussian and q-Gaussian laser beams is reported. The results obtained from numerical analysis reveal a stronger self-focusing of the q-Gaussian laser beam in plasmas, which is desirable to excite a large amplitude plasma wave for electron acceleration by extending the interaction length. We then extended this study to investigate the electron plasma wave excitation by the q-Gaussian laser beam. The electron plasma wave is driven more efficiently by the q-Gaussian laser beam. Our results show that the electron plasma wave field intensity enhances more than twofold for the q-Gaussian laser beam in comparison with the case of a Gaussian laser beam. The electron plasma wave excited by a q-Gaussian beam can accelerate the plasma electrons to higher energies. Numerical results are presented for the established set of laser and plasma parameters.
Data-driven order reduction and velocity field reconstruction using neural networks: The case of a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Giannopoulos Antonios , Aider Jean-Luc
Published: September 2020

We present a data-driven methodology to achieve the identification of coherent structure dynamics and system order reduction of an experimental turbulent boundary layer flow. The flow is characterized using time-resolved optical flow particle image velocimetry, leading to dense velocity fields that can be used both to monitor the overall dynamics of the flow and to define as many local visual sensors as needed. A Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is first applied to define a reduced-order system. A non-linear mapping between the local upstream sensors (inputs sensors) and the full-field dynamics (POD coefficients) as outputs is sought using an optimal focused time-delay Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The choices of sensors, ANN architecture, and training parameters are shown to play a critical role. It is verified that a shallow ANN, with the proper sensor memory size, can lead to a satisfying full-field dynamics identification, coherent structure reconstruction, and system order reduction of this turbulent flow.
The effects of double-diffusion and viscous dissipation on the oscillatory convection in a viscoelastic fluid saturated porous layer
Authors: Roy Kamalika , Ponalagusamy R. , Murthy P. V. S. N.
Published: September 2020

The effects of the double-diffusion and viscous dissipation on the convective instability in a horizontal porous layer are investigated. The porous medium is saturated with a binary viscoelastic fluid. The Oldroyd-B model of viscoelastic fluid is considered. Constant temperature and concentration differences are maintained between the boundaries. A basic flow is present in the horizontal direction. The governing parameters are the thermal Rayleigh number (RaT), solutal Rayleigh number (RaS), Gebhart number (Ge), Lewis number (Le), Péclet number (Pe), dimensionless relaxation time (λ1), and dimensionless retardation time (λ2). A small perturbation to the basic flow is assumed, and a linear stability analysis is performed. A detailed discussion is carried out considering RaT as the eigenvalue. The critical wave number and frequency are also derived for a wide range of Lewis numbers and solutal Rayleigh numbers. The oscillatory modes are analyzed. It is found that transverse rolls are the preferred mode for the onset of oscillatory convection, except for some special cases. Moreover, a negative solutal Rayleigh number stabilizes the flow. An opposite effect is seen in the presence of a positive solutal Rayleigh number.
Second-harmonic generation of temporally low-coherence light
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Ji Lailin , Liu Dong , Gao Yanqi , Rao Daxing , Cui Yong , Feng Wei , Li Fujian , Shi Haitao , Shan Chong , Ma WeiXin , Sui Zhan
Published: September 2020

In this Letter, we study the second-harmonic (SH) generation of temporally low-coherence light using the statistical optics method. By introducing the statistical characteristics of low-coherence light into the nonlinear coupled wave equation, we predict the self-convolution relationship between the power spectral density of the second-harmonic and that of the fundamental wave and demonstrate it in experiments. The effects of phase matching and group velocity matching on the second-harmonic bandwidth and conversion efficiency are analyzed, which is beneficial to improve the efficiency of low-coherent SH light. Combining the statistics optics and nonlinear optics, our research provides a suitable mathematical model for the study of nonlinear frequency conversion processes of temporally low-coherence light. Due to its statistical characteristics and temporal incoherence, low-coherence SH light would have further applications in uniform illumination, quantum optics, metrology, and so on.
Physiological characterisation of coprophilous fungal isolates that behave as plant root associates
Authors: Miranda Victoria , Scervino José Martin , Barros Johana , Rodríguez María Alejandra , Fracchia Sebastián
Published: September 2020

Different fungal isolates closely related to Zopfiella erostrata and Cercophora caudata have been found to colonise plant root tissues in an asymptomatic way in the Monte Desert biome of La Rioja Province, Argentina. This interaction has been newly discovered, and the role of these fungi in their desert habitat has never been studied in detail. The objective of this study was to evaluate eight fungal isolates by means of specific physiological traits that could have implications for their interaction with the host plant. The selected isolates, four endophytic and four rhizospheric, were characterised for their ability to produce indole acetic acid, solubilise and mineralise phosphorus (P), and utilise different nitrogen sources. In addition, we evaluated organic acid production and phosphatase activities as mechanisms of P recycling. These analyses revealed that most isolates produced indole acetic acid, and that all isolates could solubilise and mineralise P, although to different degrees. Furthermore, the production of organic acids correlated with P solubilisation levels, which may enhance P availability in soils. Nitrogen utilisation was variable among the isolates, without specific patterns concerning the different sources and fungal isolates tested. Our results demonstrated that the fungal isolates had great variability, probably because they complete their teleomorphic phase in their habitats, generating viable meiotic spores, in addition to the active dispersion of these fungi by the underground rodent Ctenomys aff. knightii from which they were isolated. Although the isolates were variable, the endophytic isolates exhibited improvement in all the P parameters measured. This can be explained by the ability of these isolates to intimately colonise root tissues, while the colonisation by rhizospheric isolates is produced superficially in the rhizoplane. The high occurrence of this interaction, as well as the physiological traits detected, suggest that this kind of fungi could play an important ecological role in the Monte Desert environment, benefiting the establishment and growth of new seedlings in areas occupied by the rodents.
Development of a serum miRNA panel for detection of early stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ying Lisha , Du Lingbin , Zou Ruiyang , Shi Lei , Zhang Nan , Jin Jiaoyue , Xu Chenyang , Zhang Fanrong , Zhu Chen , Wu Junzhou , Chen Kaiyan , Huang Minran , Wu Yingxue , Zhang Yimin , Zheng Weihui , Pan Xiaodan , Chen Baofu , Lin Aifen , Tam John Kit Chung , van Dam Rob Martinus , Lai David Tien Min , Chia Kee Seng , Zhou Lihan , Too Heng-Phon , Yu Herbert , Mao Weimin , Su Dan
Published: September 2020

Significance

Lung cancer is the most prevalent and deadly cancer worldwide. Minimally invasive testing for early detection of lung cancer is the key for improving prognosis. In this study, we carried out a multicenter, multiethnic study to compare the serum miRNA profiles between 744 NSCLC and 944 healthy controls. We discovered 35 candidate miRNA biomarkers, verified 22 of them, and a panel of 5 miRNAs was optimized for detection of early stage NSCLC with AUC > 0.90 in three independent validation cohorts. The sensitivity and specificity of five-miR panel for detection of stage I NSCLC were 83.0% and 90.7%, respectively. Our study will help to accurately detect early stage NSCLC through minimally invasive testing in the clinic.
Gender and women representation in Gurage culture of Ethiopia
Authors: Menuta Fekede , Kifle Yigeremu
Published: September 2020

The aim of this chapter is to describe the social, cultural and
political representation of women in the Gumer district of the Gurage Zone of the
snnprs of Ethiopia. We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus
group discussions (fgd) with men and women in the district, and analysed
the text using critical discourse analysis (cda). We had 19 interviewees
and five fgd participants. We also made observation of events in
wɨkjər ‘evening gathering’ and shopping in the big
and small markets where men and women shop categorically, buying different items in
different sections of the market. We also consulted documents dealing with gender
and women’s roles in Gurage. The findings showed that there are noticeable
differences between men and women in role categories, social positions, expected
behaviours, and in the responses to different gender discourses. The differences
were observed in the discourses of blessing, name bestowing, mourning ceremonies and
proverbs, in addition to those found during interviews. Different factors, such as
financial resources, societal views about men and women, and long-established
cultural belief in the society contributed to the lower representation of women in
social and political positions.
Reduplication in Oromo
Authors: Mazengia Beyene Shimelis
Published: September 2020

The morphological processes of reduplication in Oromo involve
copying a root or a stem, entirely or partially. The latter requires replication of
a prosodic CVC template from the left side of the base. The process may require
adapting the onset of the adjacent syllable as a coda of the prosodic template. The
copied portion, reduplicant, of a root or a stem is prefixed to the latter. However,
if the base consists of a geminate or a cluster, the prefixing of the copied
reduplicant would be constrained to a CV by a dissimilation rule. In a total
reduplication, as in partial reduplication, the copied root or stem is placed to the
left of its base. The word classes amenable to total reduplication are nouns,
determiners, numerals, adverbs and adpositions, while those agreeable to partial
reduplication are adjectives and verbs. Functionally, reduplicated nouns assume a
predicative role and adpositions an adverbial role. The reduplicative forms of the
other word classes are limited to their respective canonical functions, essentially
with the sense of augmentation in terms of quantity, frequency or intensity.
Polysemy of Ethiopian sign language
Authors: Girma Ayansa Woinshet
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine cases of polysemous
signs in Ethiopian Sign Language (hereafter ethsl). There are various
processes of forming polysemy in sign language. To carry out this study, data was
collected from users of sign language in Addis Ababa and Hossana by means of direct
elicitation, video recording and analysis of ethsl dictionaries. The data
showed some cases of polysemy through meaning extension as well as other occurrences
of polysemy. A qualitative descriptive method was used to describe the polysemous
signs in ethsl. The article describes different cases of initiating
semantic extension processes, such as action vs. result of activity, noun vs. verb,
systematic meaning relations, such as animal vs. meat, and generality. Also
borrowings from oral language and other sign languages are found. One aim of this
study is to contribute new knowledge about how polysemous signs in ethsl
are extended/derived, as well as accounts for the process of meaning extension. This
study will be useful for lexicographers of sign language dictionaries, as well as
for second-language learners of sign language.
Introduction
Authors: Mosegaard Hansen Maj-Britt
Published: September 2020

InSection 1of my introduction to this Special Issue, I define the concept of semantic–pragmatic cycles, a relatively recently discovered phenomenon, drawing a distinction between two sub-types: onomasiological and semasiological cycles. Semantic–pragmatic cycles are contrasted with the more widely known (morpho-)syntactic cycles such as the Negative Cycle (or Jespersen Cycle), and I discuss possible connections between these two types of cycles. Finally, I raise some questions for further research. InSection 2, I outline the empirical and/or theoretical contribution of each of the six papers that follow – considering, in particular, how they contribute to elucidating the role of pragmatics in cyclic change.
Semasiological cyclicity in the evolution of discourse markers
Authors: Scivoletto Giulio
Published: September 2020

This study addresses the evolution of the Sicilian discourse markermentrito explore the concept of cyclicity in semantic–pragmatic change. Stemming from Latindŭm ĭntĕrim(‘while, in the meantime’), the temporal conjunction develops – like its Romance cognates – an adversative function meaning ‘whereas’, which further evolves from an oppositional to a counter-expectational contrast value meaning ‘though’. The latter serves as a bridging context for the emergence of discourse-pragmatic uses and is examined below.Mentrievolves as discourse marker: formally, it gains greater syntactic and positional independence, and it increases in scope; functionally, it displays both textual and interpersonal values. In its overall path,mentrishows a cyclical change in respect to the adversative function: oppositional contrast emerges out of the temporal meaning, it then develops into counter-expectation, and it eventually fades into the discourse-pragmatic values. The rise ofmentrias a discourse marker is thus interpreted as a case of cyclicity from a semasiological perspective.
The possible transition mechanism for the meta-stable phase in the 7xxx aluminium
Authors: Bendo Artenis , Matsuda Kenji , Nishimura Katsuhiko , Nunomura Norio , Tsuchiya Taiki , Lee Seungwon , Marioara Calin D. , Tsuru Tomohito , Yamaguchi Masatake , Shimizu Kazuyuki , Toda Hiroyuki
Published: September 2020

Metastable phases in aluminium alloys are the primary nano-scale precipitates which have the biggest contribution to the increase in the tangible mechanical properties. The continuous increase in hardness in the 7xxx aluminium alloys is associated with the phase transformation from clusters or GP-zones to the metastable η′ phase. The high-resolution electron imaging is used to observe the precipitates and reconstruct a kinetic model that might explain the transformation. This work is an attempt to gain insight into how the structural transformation may occur based on the shortest route of diffusion for the eventual structure to result in that of the η′ phase.
Measurement of laser beam spatial profile by laser scanning
Authors: Merlemis Nikolaos , Kesidis Anastasios L , Sianoudis Ioannis
Published: September 2020

In several undergraduate courses related to laser physics and optics it is crucial that students should be able to understand basic concepts of laser beam propagation. In addition, experimental activities focusing on capability building in photogrammetry and remote sensing technologies are considered essential for geoinformatics undergraduate studies and for sustainable development of geospatial sciences. The understanding of laser beam scanning technologies and the fundamental physics of laser beam propagation are key factors in order to awaken students’ motivation to study remote sensing technologies. Recent advances in CCD sensors and beam profiler systems have made the measurement of laser beam spatial profile easy and accurate. However, an experiment based solely on a beam profiler could have lower pedagogical impact than expected, especially in the case of courses where scanning technology understanding is considered fundamental. With this in mind, we propose a straightforward laboratory experiment based on a modified pinhole technique where instead of using a spinning blade or a pinhole to cut the beam, a galvanometer scanner is employed to drive the laser beam through a small pinhole and record its intensity passing with a photodetector. Students are able to visualize the spatial profile of a laser beam, calculate the beam width and divergence and compare their results with direct measurement with a CCD sensor. The capability to efficiently control the scanning mechanism and take simple measurements of the spatial profile of the beam can significantly help the educational process toward the examination of more complex issues of remote sensing technologies.
External magnetic field guiding in HiPIMS to control sp3 fraction of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films
Authors: Akhavan Behnam , Ganesan Rajesh , Bathgate Stephen , McCulloch Dougal G , Partridge James G , Ionsecu Mihail , Mathews Dave T A , Stueber Michael , Ulrich Sven , McKenzie David R , Bilek Marcela MM
Published: September 2020

Amorphous carbon films have many applications that require control over their sp3 fraction to customise the electrical, optical and mechanical properties. Examples of these applications include coatings for machine parts, biomedical and microelectromechanical devices. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a magnetic field with a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) source as a simple, new approach to give control over the sp3 fraction. We provide evidence that this strategy enhances the deposition rate by focusing the flux, giving films with high tetrahedral bonding at the centre of the deposition field and lower sp3 fractions further from the centre. Resistive switching appears in films with intermediate sp3 fractions. The production of thin amorphous carbon films with selected properties without the need for electrical bias opens up applications where insulating substrates are required. For example, deposition of sp3 rich films on polymers for wear resistant coatings as well as fabrication of resistive switching devices for neuromorphic technologies that require tuning of the sp3 fraction on insulating substrates are now possible.
Co–Al-substituted strontium hexaferrite for rare earth free permanent magnet and microwave absorber application
Authors: Shirsath Sagar E , Kadam R H , Batoo K M , Wang Danyang , Li Sean
Published: September 2020

Permanent magnets (PMs) have tremendous demand because of their applicability in various electronic devices. Rare earth (RE) elements are the major component in fabricating these PMs. Tremendous research interest has been generated over the last decade to design the RE-free PMs because of the ever-increasing cost of REs and shortage of their supply. Hexagonal ferrites show incredible potential as RE-free magnets owing to their high coercivity and moderate saturation magnetization. In this work, we focused on improving the magnetic properties of Sr0.8Ca0.2AlxCoxFe12−2xO19 hexagonal ferrites with respect to Co2+–Al3+ co-substitution synthesized by the sonochemical method. Improved saturation magnetization of 64.4 emu g−1, coercivity of 13.2 kOe, and a remnant ratio of 0.71 was achieved upon Co2+–Al3+ substitution. The prepared materials were also tested for microwave absorption characteristics, where a maximum reflection loss of −35.4 dB at 12.36 GHz was obtained. Results were discussed in light of the synthesis method, Co2+–Al3+ substitution, and electrical properties. Such improvement in the electromagnetic properties make these ferrites suitable for use as RE-free PMs and microwave absorbers.
Inkjet-printed patterned polytitanosiloxane-fluoropolymer composite dielectric layer for micro-optical electrowetting valves
Authors: Zhou Rui , Fang Xiaoting , Cheng Qi , Zhuang Lei , Li Hui , Tang Biao , Zhou Guofu
Published: September 2020

Fluid motion control has always been essential in electrowetting devices. Using the inkjet printing technique, an organic-inorganic hybrid material, polytitanosiloxane, was patterned as a secondary dielectric under the hydrophobic fluoropolymer coating in an optical electrowetting device (OEWD). The effects of different structural parameters of the inkjet-printed polytitanosiloxane (IPP) layer on both the fluid motion at the microscopic level and the macroscopic visual performances of the device were studied experimentally. The leakage-current test was also performed to evaluate the insulating performance of the composite dielectric layer. In addition, COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the fluid flow inside the OEWD with/without the polytitanosiloxane layer. The results showed that, by introducing this IPP layer, precise fluid motion control and improved performance could be obtained.
High-resolution magnetic nanoparticle temperature measurement method based on dual-frequency magnetic field excitation
Authors: Wang Shuai , Zhang Pu , Liu Wenzhong , Guo Silin , Zhang Yapeng
Published: September 2020

A new remote method for measuring temperature using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is presented in this paper. The method involves exciting MNPs in a dual-frequency AC magnetic field, and using tunnel magnetoresistance to detect the mixing-frequency magnetization response signals. The effects of the excitation magnetic field amplitude and frequency on the temperature measurement were analyzed. Based on the relationship between the MNPs’ magnetization harmonic amplitudes and their temperature, two-harmonic and four-harmonic temperature measurement models were established. The estimated temperature was obtained by the optimized parameter estimation algorithm. The temperature error was found to be less than 0.02 K using the two-harmonic model and less than 0.015 K using the four-harmonic model.
OH molecule-involved formation of point defects in monolayer graphene
Authors: Ryu Gyeong Hee , Lee Sungwoo , Kim Jung Hwa , Lee Gun-Do , Lee Zonghoon
Published: September 2020

Point defects in freestanding graphene monolayers such as monovacancies (MVs) and divacancies have been investigated at atomic scale with aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy and theoretical calculations. In general, these defects can be formed simply by the absence of individual carbon atoms and carbon bond reconstructions in the graphene lattice under electron and ion irradiation. However, in this study, we found that oxygen and hydrogen atoms can be involved in the formation of these point defects caused by the simultaneous detachment of oxygen–carbon atoms. Here we report the effect of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms on the graphene surface forming the point defects under electron beam irradiation, and their role of stabilizing other MVs when composed of 13–5 ring pairs. In addition, theoretical analysis using density functional theory calculations demonstrates that the participating atoms can form the point defects in the intermediate states and stabilize 13–5 ring pairs under electron beam irradiation.