bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Нейроэпистемология ментальных событий: осознание действительности
Authors: Артеменков Алексей Александрович
Published: May 2024

В статье с позиции функционализма рассматривается процесс осознания действительности во взаимосвязи с нейронными процессами, протекающими в мозге, и ментальными состояниями. Эпистемологический статус субъективных личностных переживаний определяется в совокупности с физическими, функциональными и ментальными состояниями. Поэтому ставится актуальный вопрос о сводимости функционального к ментальному. Также достаточно много внимания в статье уделено описанию взаимодействия нейронных сетей и причин их активности. На этой основе автором делается предположение о существовании в мозге особых нейронных образований — осознающих единиц, имеющих отношение к процессам осознания действительности и приобретению нового знания. Показано, что в состав осознающей единицы мозга входят различные популяции нейронов, названные элементами познания и элементами сознания. Определен вероятный механизм осознания, согласно которому в ответ на сенсорные стимулы из внешней среды элементы познания и элементы сознания активируются и взаимодействуют друг с другом на уровне рефлекторных синаптических связей. Это приводит не только к осознанию чувственных образов, но и к образованию в мозге осознанных знаний, составляющих основу сознательного опыта. Приобретение и накопление осознанных знаний есть процесс познания, в то время как оперирование суммой этих знаний определяется как процесс мышления, в ходе которого возникает понимание, являющееся основой разума. В заключении делается вывод о том, что процесс осознания предшествует возникновению у человека субъективных личностных переживаний и предопределяет каузальную замкнутость телесных, функциональных и ментальных состояний.
Важные аспекты процесса построения методологии базовой оценки маркетинговой зрелости
Authors: Васильев Николай Александрович
Published: May 2024

Процедура оценки профессионального уровня специалистов является одним из важных факторов формирования высокоразвитой профессиональной среды, обладающей широким положительным имиджем и, соответственно, высоким статусом в обществе, что автоматически делает специалистов исследуемой профессии более востребованными и высокооплачиваемыми. К сожалению, в мире и в России отсутствует единая и общепризнанная методология оценки знаний специалистов в области маркетинга, что, несомненно, наносит вред маркетинговой сфере деятельности, маркетингу как профессии, прикладной социологии как науке и делает затруднительным формирование единых стандартов и требований к знаниям специалистов в этой области.

Методики, используемые для оценки знаний специалистов в области маркетинга и маркетинговых исследованиях, как правило, носят общеоценочный характер и не позволяют сравнить уровень знаний в области маркетинга разных компаний. Кроме этого, используемые методы сложны, требуют обучения и недоступны для широкого применения. Чтобы решить эту проблему, была разработана универсальная методика оценки, предполагающая несколько уровней знания маркетинга и маркетингового инструментария. Методика получила название Базовый индекс маркетинговой зрелости (БИМЗ). На основе разработанной методики становится возможным дальнейшее развитие базовых процедур не только оценки знаний в области маркетинга, но и оценки знаний в других сферах деятельности. В статье рассматриваются только маркетинг как исследования и разработки без маркетинговых затрат в рекламе и PR (без рекламных затрат).
Художественно-игровой контент как инструмент «мягкой силы» в условиях гибридной войны против российского общества
Authors: Дубровин Владимир Леонидович
Published: May 2024

В статье анализируется значимость художественно-игрового контента как инструмента «мягкой силы» в условиях развернувшейся гибридной войны коллективного Запада против России, рассматриваются факторы, определяющие содержательные характеристики  кино- и сериального контента, организационно-финансовые и юридические условия его производства и закупки, оценивается роль, которую играет в процессе создания и трансляции кино и телесериалов государство, корпоративные и коммерческие структуры, творческие коллективы и другие акторы художественно-творческого процесса. Автор показывает ведущие нарративы сериального контента и оценивает их духовно-идеологический и социокультурный резонанс в современном обществе.
Цифровой тезаурус: Роль языковых моделей в интерпретации индивидуальных картин мира
Authors: Погорский Эдуард Константинович
Published: May 2024

Статья подготовлена на основе сообщения автора на общероссийской (национальной) конференции «V Академические чтения памяти Валерия и Владимира Андреевичей Луковых» (июнь 2023). В статье рассматривается понятие картины мира, одного из центральных элементов тезаурусного подхода, в контексте практического применения в области интеллектуального анализа данных и оценке человеческого поведения в цифровых средах. Предлагается использование достижений в области генеративного нейронного моделирования (языковые модели ChatGPT, YandexGPT) для задач сторонней интерпретации количественного представления картин мира индивидов, в дополнение к количественным и качественным методам измерения индивидуальных характеристик.
Ценностный базис России и методы его разрушения в 1990-е годы
Authors: Костина Анна Владимировна
Published: May 2024

В 1990-е гг. в России на фоне целой совокупности экономических проблем и резкого падения уровня жизни населения сознание россиян подверглось активному информационному влиянию, направленному на дискредитацию собственной истории и разделяемых всеми ценностей. Это информационное воздействие было столь интенсивно и имело столь системный характер, что можно было рассматривать этот процесс как необратимый и ожидать смены ценностных матриц в российском обществе. Однако социологические исследования ценностных систем в разных странах, которые были проведены в первые полтора-два десятилетия либеральных реформ, опровергают это утверждение. Если вспомнить плакаты, статьи, книги, комментарии, которые доминировали в то время, становится очевидной устойчивость ценностей России, которые, несмотря на информационное давление, не только сохранились, но даже укрепились.
Модель сквозного проектирования как технологии обучения студентов вуза
Authors: Юсупов Виталий Зуфарович
Published: May 2024

Ориентация современной системы высшего профессионального образования на практико-ориентированную подготовку студентов актуализирует проблему использования обеспечивающих решение этой задачи технологий. Одной из них является технология сквозного проектирования, нацеленная на формирование знаний, умений, опыта, компетенций разработки и реализации в течение всего периода обучения в вузе совокупности взаимосвязанных проектов с выходом на выпускную квалификационную работу проектного типа.

В настоящее время потенциал этой технологии используется преимущественно в подготовке инженерных кадров, что, по сути, является проекцией опыта сквозного проектирования в строительстве, машиностроении, приборостроении и т. п.

Более широкое применение технологии сквозного проектирования обусловливает необходимость выявления ее теоретико-методологических оснований, содержания, организационно-методического обеспечения, целостное представление о содержательном наполнении и взаимосвязях которых дает структурно-функциональная модель организации сквозного проектирования в обучении студентов вуза.

Разработка такой модели на основе анализа научной литературы и практического (в том числе собственного) опыта использования сквозного проектирования является целью исследования, результаты которого представлены в статье.
Трансгрессия современных военных конфликтов как фактор трансформации образовательных программ гуманитарных университетов Российской Федерации
Authors: Бартош Александр Александрович
Published: May 2024

В статье отражены вопросы влияния трансгрессии современных военных конфликтов на формирование концепта гибридной войны  как нового вида межгосударственного противоборства. Сделан анализ угроз гибридной войны в их проекции на трансформацию образовательных программ гуманитарных вузов.

Актуальность работы определяется существенным обострением общей ситуации в мире, связанной с процессами смены технологических и мирохозяйственных укладов и  формированием нового миропорядка.     Характер угрожающей реальности приняли противоречия между коллективным Западом, стремящимся к мировой гегемонии, и противостоящими ему Россией, Китаем и рядом других государств. В условиях существования ядерного оружия предпринимаются попытки разрешить противоречия за счет применения новых форм и способов противоборства, позволяющих избежать прямого военного столкновения великих держав. Сегодня эти противоречия приняли характер мировой гибридной войны,  которая породила совокупность новых стратегий и тактик межгосударственного противоборства, что в существенной мере изменило политический, дипломатический и военный лексикон, привело к появлению не существовавших ранее социополитических понятий, требующих отражения в образовательных программах гуманитарных  вузов, в политическом и военном тезаурусе.

Новизна заключается в попытке обосновать изменения в образовательных программах гуманитарных вузов в условиях развития мировой  гибридной войны и применения ее инструментов: информационно-психологической и прокси-войны, цветной  революции.
Парадигмы управления в культуре
Authors: Карпухин Олег Иванович , Комиссаров Сергей Николаевич
Published: May 2024

В статье проведен анализ соотношения понятий «государственная культурная политика» и «социокультурный менеджмент», представляющих две разные и в то же время сопредельные плоскости организационно-управленческой деятельности в сфере культуры, различающиеся целеполаганием: в одном случае это саморазвитие культуры во благо общества, во втором — повышение эффективности управленческой деятельности в коммерческих организациях культуры, корпоративные интересы которых могут противоречить национально-государственным. Противоречие это обостряется в условиях информационно-культурной экспансии коллективного Запада против России.

В рамках политики в сфере культуры последняя практически до сих пор рассматривается как отрасль, функционирование которой обременительно и убыточно для государственного бюджета. В рамках социокультурного менеджмента культура интерпретируется как сегмент рынка. Практически оба подхода демонстрируют односторонность и игнорируют сущность культуры как способа очеловечивания мира и самого человека. Учитывая важность этой исторической миссии культуры, авторы считают необходимым совместить их творческий потенциал и «технологический арсенал» в ходе практической управленческой деятельности в сфере культуры, что является фактором конструктивного социокультурного развития и сохранения национального культурного суверенитета российского общества в ХХ1 в.
Современные биосоциотехногенные тренды трансформации человека. Часть II
Authors: Олейников Юрий Васильевич
Published: May 2024

Во второй части статьи рассматриваются в основном современные техногенные антропопрактики, направленные на трансформацию биологической природы человека и переформатирование его социальной идентичности. При этом основной упор делается на раскрытие и интерпретацию основных положений мало известной оригинальной концепции техногенных трансформаций человека, предложенной доктором физико-математических наук Сергеем Сергеевичем Хоружим. Предметно рассматриваются следующие мегатренды: Мутант-тренд, Киборг-тренд и антропопрактики, связанные с осуществлением проекта трансгуманизма. Особое внимание уделяется проблеме сущности, содержания и эскалации виртуальной реальности и виртуального человека.

Названные радикальные тренды объединяются в один обобщающий тренд Ухода, направленный по существу на реализацию антигуманного проекта самоотрицания бытия актуального человека на пути создания Постчеловека — некоего объекта, лишенного многих качественных атрибутов, присущих Homo sapiens. Перечисленные тренды в конечном счете обусловлены современной исторической ситуацией эпохи постмодерна — смены мировоззренческих и ценностных ориентаций бытия человека в природе и обществе.
AI-Driven Solutions for Energy Optimization and Environmental Conservation in Digital Business Environments
Authors: Varghese Aleena
Published: May 2024

The potential of AI-driven solutions for environmental preservation and energy optimization in digital business settings is examined in this paper. The main goals were to investigate how AI technologies may support sustainability, identify major obstacles and opportunities, and evaluate the policy implications for implementation. The approach thoroughly examined the literature, including research articles and case studies, to assess AI's uses in energy optimization and environmental preservation. The main conclusions show how AI technologies can revolutionize energy optimization by enabling intelligent control systems, integrating renewable energy sources, and enabling precision energy optimization. To guarantee successful implementation, constraints, including data quality problems, technological complexity, and ethical issues, need to be resolved. To encourage the ethical and responsible usage of AI-driven solutions for sustainability in digital business environments, regulators and enterprises must work together and establish clear legislative frameworks and incentives for technology adoption. This work generally advances knowledge of the potential and difficulties of utilizing AI technology for energy optimization and environmental preservation in the digital age.
Understanding tourism consumer behavior using biometric technologies: bibliographic review and research agenda
Authors:   Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Economía y de la Empresa, Economía de la Empresa, España, Ruiz-Lacaci Nuria
Published: May 2024

Recent technological advances, particularly in biometrics, have significantly impacted the tourism industry. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, these technologies have grown rapidly, posing challenges and opportunities in utilizing the resulting data. This study aims to develop a research agenda concerning biometrics in tourism consumer behavior, detailing what biometric data entails and outlining its diverse applications. Through a bibliographic review of 422 recent papers, employing machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques, we extracted keywords, topics, and frequencies using the methodological approach of corpus linguistics and latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm. The results identified 26 topics, including “KPIs”,” Techniques”, “Personalization”, “Health”, and “Travel and transport”. Furthermore, we observed that the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted the tourism sector, with “Health” present in four categories. The practical implications of our study suggest that companies can find the issues that most concern the tourism consumer in the lines of research presented in the research agenda, paying particular attention to the lines developed in the research agenda involving “personalization”, "travel and transport" and "health".
Tuberculosis or Sarcoidosis or the Both? A Case Report of Concomitant Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis
Authors: Ajim A , Elkhattabi W , Arfaoui H , Bougteb N , Jabri H , Afif M. H. , Rebbouh K , Tabakh H , Siwane A , Touil N , Kacimi O , Chikhaoui N
Published: May 2024

Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are two chronic granulomatous diseases that are similar in many aspects, although different. We report a case of 38-year-old female patient who presented a progressive shortness of breath and recurrent epistaxis associated to a night sweats and fatigue with a deterioration of general condition, in which a CT-scan showed a multiple voluminous lymphadenopathy involving all the mediastinum territories, without parenchymal abnormalities. During investigations bronchoscopy showed mucosal hypertrophy and granulations located on the nasopharyngeal walls. The biopsy of the lip and nasal’s lesion showed a non-caseating granuloma and ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) was high, which considered sufficient to retain the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, but the blood Quantiferon-TB Gold in Tube test was positive and the excision biopsy of cervical lymphadenopathy, revealed a necrotizing granulomatous inflammation suggestive of tuberculosis. The association between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis was discussed. the patient was treated with antituberculosis drugs during six months. The evolution was marked by a progressive regression of lymph nodes. There was no significant improvement of rhinological symptoms with local corticoids. Consequently, the corticosertoide treatement in form oral was introduced during 1 month. The prednisolone was gradually tapered off after 1 month due to the complete disappearance of lesions. The case described is suggestive of a coexistent systemic sarcoid manifestation and tuberculosis, which is an underrecognized entity in the medical literature.
Obstructive and Restrictive Lung Disease After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Arndt Pat
Published: May 2024

Pulmonary complications are frequently encountered by clinicians in patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in these patients. Complications involving the lung are caused by both infectious and non-infectious etiologies, with non- infectious complications associated with significant long-term effect on the quality of life and can occur several years after transplantation. One manifestation of non-infectious post-transplant complication is a change in pulmonary function testing compared to pre-transplant testing. These changes can either be of an obstructive or restrictive pattern with each being associated with specific post-transplant complications. An improved understanding of obstructive and restrictive lung disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplant is necessary for both primary care physicians and specialists to recognize these diseases early in their course in order to facilitate work-up, treatment, and necessary follow-up. This review will provide an overview of obstructive and restrictive lung disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplant focusing on the etiologies, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. We will highlight bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome as an example of obstructive disease after transplant and will discuss pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis as a cause for restrictive findings on pulmonary function testing. Improvements in the knowledge of the underlying etiologies and pathophysiology of obstructive and restrictive lung disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplant will allow for the identification of novel biomarkers to facilitate the diagnosis of these patients and will assist in the design of future targeted therapies to improve treatment and prognosis.
Histopathological features and metabolic disorders in Tunisian rodent Psammomys obesus fed high-caloric diets
Authors: Chrigui Souhaieb , Haouas Zohra , Taieb Sameh , Jemai Hedya , Feki Monssef , Zemmel Ayachi , Boudhrioua Nourhene , Chekir Rafika
Published: May 2024

This study aimed at investigating the alteration of lipid serum profile and histopathological damage in Psammomys obesus fed different high calorie diets. Animals were randomly assigned to four groups. P. obesus of the control group were fed with a Low-Calorie natural Diet, the Chenopodicae plant (0.42 kcal/g). The three other groups were fed high calorie diets rich in carbohydrates and protein or rich in carbohydrates and fat (~3.5 - 4.7 kcal/g). Lipid serum profile was assessed bimonthly during seven-month diets. The recorded energy intake was significantly high in the groups fed high calorie diets compared with the control group. Body weight was significantly increased in animal groups fed high calorie diets. All Psammomys obesus fed high-calorie diets developed dyslipidemia with the distinction of different sub-groups developing or not obesity and diabetes. High calorie diets rich in carbohydrates and fat induced a remarkable increase in lipid serum biomarkers indicating a fast induction of dyslipidemia from the first month of the experiment with a significant increase in transaminase activities after two months revealing pronounced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity which were confirmed by a significant increase in liver and kidney relative weight and adiposity index. Severe histological alterations were recorded in obese, diabetic and dyslipidemic Psammomys obesus with a noticeable hypertrophy of the adipocytes, glomeruli and islets of Langerhans, as well as increased hepatic lipid droplet accumulation, apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation. A significant decrease in the thickness of the whole retinal layer was also observed after seven-months diet. Animals fed Low-calorie natural diet don’t show any signs of obesity, dyslipidemia or diabetes. The high calorie diets induced rapid and severe changes in body weight, severe metabolic syndrome and histopathological features causing organ structural and functional injuries. Psammomys obesus seems like an excellent model for studying nutritional pathophysiological-metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and their complications, particularly diabetic retinopathy, comparable to those of human metabolic processes.
Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening and Satisfaction with Self-Sampling among Black Women in Michigan: a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Haro Elizabeth , Butcher Emma , Alves Martha , Khoury Christelle , Vinson Alexandra , Harper Diane
Published: May 2024

Background. In recent years, cervical cancer screening among Black women in the United States has declined, followed by increased incidence and mortality. We aim to evaluate the individual, sociocultural, and structural barriers to cervical cancer screening in relationship to the exam technique barriers. Methods. Participants received cervical cancer self-screening kits in the mail. They returned their samples and a quantitative survey developed from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) modules designed to address the known individual, sociocultural, and structural barriers to screening. We established the fourteen attributes of cervical cancer screening techniques from prior work. Participants then shared their experiences in a semi-structured qualitative interview informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore the answers to the survey questions. We coded themes from the interviews. Women were grouped as younger (30-45 years) and older (46-65 years). Results. Of the 41 women completing the study, 21 were in the younger age group (mean 37.3, SD 4.7), and 20 were in the older age group (56.5 (5.5)). All participants self-identified as African American/Black and were due for cervical cancer screening. Women indicated that individual, sociocultural, and structural barriers influenced their cervical cancer screening, but the most significant barrier was the speculum-based technique itself. Three positive attributes and eight negative attributes significantly differed by screening technique, favoring the self-screening technique. Conclusions. The self-screening technique for screening for cervical cancer is feasible and acceptable to this group of Black women.
Radiopharmaceutical Therapy: Strategy for Management to Optimize Patient Care – A Case Report
Authors: Ding Linda , Smith Koren , Iandoli Matthew , Laurie Fran , Bradford Carla , LaRosa Salvatore , Khalifeh Abdulnasser , Liu Fenghong , Kuo I-Lin , Razzaq Muttasem , Jodoin Maryann , Wood Jacob , Hayden Julia , Mackey Katherine , Geng Yansong , Sioshansi Shirin , FitzGerald Thomas
Published: May 2024

Radiopharmaceutical therapy directly targets radioactive drugs to cancer cells. Incorporating radiopharmaceutical therapy requires quantitative assessment of the radiation dose delivered to the cancer cells and surrounding normal tissue(s). This paper discusses the necessity of tumor and normal tissue dosimetry processes in radiopharmaceutical therapy and strategies to align this therapy within a patient’s care plan. We discuss a process to manage radiopharmaceutical therapy within institutions to ensure dose metrics can be incorporated into the care plan for review by participants in patient care.
A Hole in One
Authors: Vomer Rock , York Emma , Abadin Andre , Lazur Amanda , Pujalte George
Published: May 2024

This case report discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of trigger finger in a 62-year-old right-handed male with a history of two months of right index finger pain and locking sensation. The patient's occupation and activities, such as typing, golfing, running, and biking, potentially contributed to the development of trigger finger. Physical examination revealed tenderness near the A1 pulley, a palpable nodule, and limited extension and abduction of the affected finger. Imaging showed mild degenerative changes and a small sesamoid bone. The patient received a corticosteroid injection to the tendon sheath, along with high-velocity low-amplitude (HVLA) manipulation and myofascial release to correct associated somatic dysfunctions. The patient experienced reduced pain and improved range of motion after treatment, and follow-up at one month showed complete resolution of symptoms.
Nitazoxanide in the Treatment of COVID-19: A paradigm for Antiviral Drugs Targeting Host-Infected Cells
Authors: Brechot Christian , Rossignol Jean
Published: May 2024

Despite significant breakthroughs in the discovery of direct-acting antivirals for several viruses, there is a need for improvement. Thus, drugs able to target host-infected cells may prove valuable in enhancing the efficacy of antivirals and avoiding resistance due to viral genetic changes. In this context, we summarize in this review the current knowledge on nitazoxanide's potential for treating COVID-19. Our review highlights nitazoxanide's very specific mode of action, targeting cellular energy through inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and stimulating the innate immune response. Thus, nitazoxanide lowers the cellular ATP content and this leads to impaired viral replication and assembly. However, since nitazoxanide only yields a mild OXPHOS inhibition, this does not affect cell viability. Preclinical results and some clinical studies have suggested that nitazoxanide might be helpful for treating COVID-19. Indeed, some clinical studies have shown a decrease in severe COVID19 evolution as well as in viral multiplication; yet the results are still debated. Overall, the available information suggests the potential of nitazoxanide in association with direct-acting antivirals. In fact, this may hold true for other viruses than SARS-CoV-2 in the future. The impact of nitazoxanide on COVID-19 should be viewed as a paradigm for antiviral drugs targeting host-infected cells, and nitazoxanide should be part of the therapeutic tools for future emerging virus-related pandemics.
The opioid growth regulatory system and naltrexone in diabetes: One side makes you taller and the other side makes you smaller
Authors: Sassani Joseph
Published: May 2024

This article provides an overview of research into the inhibitory role of the Opioid Growth Regulatory System (OGRS), which is characterized by its mediator, Opioid Growth Factor (OGF), [Met 5 ]-enkephalin, and its specific receptor (OGFr), in the pathobiology of diabetic complications involving the ocular surface. Additionally, involvement of the OGRS in systemic diabetic complications is illustrated by its role in poor diabetic cutaneous wound healing. The title of this paper is derived from Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland in which Alice is invited by the caterpillar to eat either side of a mushroom with powerful growth inducing characteristics. In the context of this review, this metaphor highlights the antagonistic relationship between the OGRS and naltrexone (NTX), which blocks the binding of OGF to OGFr thereby preventing or reversing the deleterious effects of the OGRS in the pathobiology of diabetic complications such as dry eye, keratopathy (delayed corneal epithelial wound healing and decreased corneal sensitivity) and delayed cutaneous wound healing in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In addition, we will show that topical NTX treatment has been demonstrated to be safe in early phase studies performed in humans. We believe these data support further clinical trials of NTX in the treatment of diabetic ocular surface disease and delayed cutaneous wound healing. Finally, our findings may have implications for the evaluation of the OGRS in the pathobiology of other systemic diabetic complications.
Gastroenterology integration in specialized clinics for late complications after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Rosenberg Jacob , Grønlund Jakob , Oggesen Birthe
Published: May 2024

The integration of gastroenterology expertise in clinics managing late complications of colorectal and anal cancer surgery is an advancement in patient care. This paper explores the multifaceted role of gastroenterologists in such settings, emphasizing diagnostic evaluation, personalized treatment planning, and the management of complex gastrointestinal symptoms. There is an obvious necessity for gastroenterological expertise to address complex issues such as diarrhea, malabsorption, discomfort, pain, bleeding, and incontinence, which are frequently under-treated in routine colorectal surgical outpatient care. In the article, we give recommendations for initial assessment, diagnostic workup, treatment strategies, follow-up, and monitoring of these issues. Highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, we discuss how gastroenterologists contribute to improved treatment outcomes and patient quality of life after surgery for colorectal and anal cancer.
Are the Newest Anti-Alzheimer’s Medicines Being Evaluated Under Outdated Pricing Paradigms?
Authors: Wilcox Charles
Published: May 2024

The 2021 approval of aducanumab in the United States, was not followed by approvals in Europe, Canada, Australia or elsewhere; nonetheless, the initial pricing of $56,00.00/year created a firestorm of controversy. The 2023 Food and Drug Administration approval of lecanemab has been followed by approvals in Japan and China. The current (2024) costs are $26,500 in USA, $20,438 (National Health Insurance) in Japan and $28,180 (private market) in China. In Europe, a health technology assessment will drive coverage decisions and set single-payer prices for each health system for lecanemab and subsequently approved new treatments. For comparison, 2024 average pricing for the top five selling drugs for cancer [$198,273], arthritis [$83,666], hepatitis C [$75,118] and multiple sclerosis [$86,765] far exceed lecanemab’s annual cost. Could there be an anti-brain-health bias? The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement notes that patient-centered outcome measures represent the ultimate measure of quality and they are always multi-dimensional. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) seem to be absent from the computation of pricing for anti-dementia treatments. Although global consensus on QALY calculations remains elusive, currently extant data are compelling. The QALY calculation is the change in utility value induced by the treatment, which is then multiplied by the duration of treatment effect to provide the number of QALYs gained. QALY ranges differ quite significantly, even amongst the most industrialized nations. Value-based pricing from double-blind, placebo-controlled trial results, demonstrating statistically significant beneficial effects on cognition and/or global function, would reward manufacturers for innovation whilst also enabling payer systems to remain solvent. Now that the first truly disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer’s (lecanemab) has been approved, a second disease-modifying treatment (donanemab) appears to be heading for regulatory approval as well. The full value of these newest anti-dementia treatments may be understated when quantified under older pricing models and, hence, could unwittingly be a disincentive to further innovation. We now have disease-modifying and symptomatic relief treatments for Alzheimer’s disease to be included within the treating clinicians’ armamentarium and, when priced appropriately, access should be widely available whilst also encouraging further innovative anti-Alzheimer’s clinical research.
Gallbladder metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Rahul Ekta , K Sankar , Sharma Anil
Published: May 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the 3 most common malignancy in adults including both male and female. Clear cell RCC is the most common type of RCC, and it accounts for 70% of all cases. RCC is prone to get metastasize but its metastasis to gallbladder is quite rare. Various radiological modalities like ultrasound and CT scan can easily pick up gallbladder metastasis at an early stage. Along with our case report we will be review various articles published in literature and will be discussing various parameters of this rare occurrence also try to understand its pathogenesis. Early detection and appropriate treatment can improve the prognosis.
The diagnostic utility of cell block as an adjunct to routine cytology
Authors: Pathak Tarali , Rhutso Yopovinu , Ahmed Shiraj
Published: May 2024

Despite the diagnostic utility of cell block in FNAC and fluid cytology, known for better cellular yield and improved diagnostic accuracy, the technique remains to be underutilized for diagnosing neoplastic lesions.

In this paper, a hospital based prospective study of 195 samples was conducted on cytological samples with the aim (a) to evaluate the diagnostic utility of cell block as an adjunct to routine cytological evaluation of aspiration and effusion fluid specimens, (b) To correlate the findings of routine cytology, cell block and routine histopathological examination wherever possible and (c) to explore the possibility of using ancillary techniques such as immunohistochemistry on cell blocks.

The study revealed, most of the patients were between 51- 60 years with female preponderance. Among 195 samples, 79 (40.5%) were peritoneal fluids and 85 (43.5%) were lymph node. The diagnosis on conventional smear and cell block showed 71 (36.5%) cases and 68 (35%) cases were negative for malignancy respectively. 6 (3%) cases and 4 (2%) cases were suspicious for malignancy respectively. 118 (60.5%) cases and 123 (63%) cases were positive for malignancy respectively. Amongst the peritoneal effusion the most common primary site was ovary whereas majority of the primary site was unknown in lymph node FNAC. Peritoneal effusion showed 8 additional cases as positive for malignancy in CB preparation which were negative or suspicious for malignancy on CS. In FNAC, two additional positive case was found in CB preparation of lymph node. A Kappa value of 89.5 % for statistical correlation between Conventional smear and cell block preparation was calculated. The use of Cell block technique increases the detection of malignancy when used as an adjunct to conventional smears. Cell block technique is simple, inexpensive and reliable adjuvant to smears and it is recommended for routine cytological diagnosis and for application of immunomarkers and molecular studies.
Dermatopathological diagnosis of porphyria cutanea tarda - Two case reports
Authors: KR Chatura , G Swapnika Goud , S D Monish Ram
Published: May 2024

Porphyria cutanea tarda and its relationship with HIV and Hepatitis C are highlighted in the case reports. Porphyria cutanea tarda arises from a deficiency in the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase enzyme, where there is an anomaly in the buildup of specific porphyrins, notably in blood vessels, liver, and skin. It can be either hereditary or acquired. In this context, we have discussed two individual patients with HIV and Hepatitis C who were diagnosed with porphyria cutanea tarda through skin biopsy.
T cell histiocyte rich large B cell lymphoma presenting as suppurative lymphadenitis causing a diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Agarwal Lakshmi , Bishnoi Aanchal , Jain Ridam , Saxena Rajeev
Published: May 2024

T cell histiocytes rich large cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) is rare variant of DLBCL and characterised by predominantly reactive cell and a few atypical B cells. It has an aggressive clinical course and can metastasise to different organ. Due to presence of reactive T cells and histiocytes, it can be misdiagnosed as reactive lymphadenitis. Ancillary technique like immunohistochemistry can help in diagnosing this entity. We describe a case of T cell histiocyte rich large B cell lymphoma presenting as suppurative lymphadenitis which is a rare presentation.
INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATOR ON THE SEVERITY OF INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN PERIODONTAL TISSUE IN PATIENTS UNDER ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
Authors: Kaygorodov Vyacheslav , Nurieva Natalya , Tezikov Dmitry
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Anticoagulant therapy is prescribed for surgical interventions in the heart and blood vessels, atrial fibrillation, thromboembolism and thrombophlebitis of various etiologies, myocardial infarction, new coronavirus infection. This group of patients is characterized by a decrease in physical and social activity, and motivation to care about their own health. As a result, poor oral hygiene can cause gum bleeding, which is often mistaken for a side effect of the anticoagulant being taken. Without proper attention, the process risks moving into severe stages of the development of periodontitis, which has a direct impact on the course of cardiovascular diseases.
Maintaining a level of personal oral hygiene is especially important. An additional tool, in addition to a toothbrush and toothpaste, is an irrigator - a device that creates a pulsating stream of water, which under pressure washes and removes food debris and soft plaque.
Aim. To evaluate the effect of the irrigator on the severity of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues in patients on anticoagulant therapy.
Methodology. 30 patients were examined (15 using warfarin, 15 using new oral anticoagulants) according to the following criteria: complaints of bleeding gums, degree of gum bleeding according to Mullemann, hygiene index, objective periodontal index (OPI – patent No. 265521 of 2018). Signs were assessed by statistical methods before professional oral hygiene and after 1.5 months of using irrigators OMIO-350, OMIO-450, OMIO-560 to maintain personal hygiene and prevention.
Results and its discussion. After using the irrigator, complaints of bleeding gums remained in 4 patients out of 16 examined. The average hygiene index decreased by 48.7%, the objective periodontal index decreased by 42.9%. In most patients, bleeding disappeared or decreased in intensity.
Conclusions. The positive effect of irrigators, as an additional means of personal hygiene, on periodontal tissue and improvement of oral health in patients has been proven.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AUTOFLUORESCENCE STOMATOSCOPY AS THE MAIN METHOD OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PRECANCEROUS DISEASES OF THE ORAL MUCOSA
Authors: Popov Vyacheslav , Karyakin Aleksey , Karyakina Olga , Dubinina Aleksandra
Published: May 2024

Importance Currently, the prevalence of various diseases of the oral mucosa in the world has increased significantly (from 15.2% to 49.1%). Oncological pathology should be attributed to a separate group of diseases. In order to actively identify precancerous processes of the oral cavity, along with traditional methods of examination of the maxillofacial region, oncoscreening of the mucous membrane and organs of the oral cavity is mandatory. One of the possible methods of oncoscreening is autofluorescence stomatoscopy.
Objectives To clarify the effectiveness of autofluorescence stomatoscopy as the main method of early diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa, its advantages and disadvantages.
Methods In the process of investigating the effectiveness of autofluorescence stomatoscopy, methods of qualitative analysis and synthesis of available scientific literature on autofluorescence stomatoscopy were used.
Conclusions It is concluded that the use of autofluorescence stomatoscopy for the early diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa remains controversial. Some clinicians believe that the introduction of autofluorescence stomatoscopy into the practice of a dentist as an additional method of oncoscreening of the oral mucosa is not only relevant, but also necessary; and the analysis of the light glow corresponds to the results of a biopsy. However, other researchers have concluded that the AFS-method will not replace the gold standard of histological examination, due to the low specificity of the method, the study can lead to overdiagnosis, and it can only be used by experienced clinicians to find the boundaries of precancerous lesions of the oral cavity for taking a biopsy in an altered mucous membrane.
STUDY OF TOOTH ENAMEL SURFACE STRUCTURE AFTER TREATMENT WITH AIR-POWDER SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENT GENERATIONS
Authors: Petrov Aleksandr , Vashneva Veronika , LOBODA Ekaterina , OREKHOVA Lyudmila , Mordovina Anastasia , Prokhorova Olga , Andreev Danila
Published: May 2024

Subject. Today, there are many different air-powder systems (APS) for professional oral hygiene (PAH). The problem of selecting a powder for performing PPGP is still relevant.
Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different air-powder systems on the structure of tooth enamel.
Matodology. The study consisted of 2 parts: experimental and clinical-laboratory. The experimental part of the study consisted in the allocation of experimental groups, their subsequent processing depending on the active component of the UPP (sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, their mixture, glycine, trehalose) and study by scanning electron microscopy. Clinical and laboratory research is aimed at studying the time spent on the removal of soft pigmented plaque; the degree of cleaning of the tooth surface; the amount of powder required to perform PGPR; as well as the atomization of powder during the procedure; the traumatic effect of these systems on the structure of tooth enamel by interpreting the index of tooth sensitivity of L.Yu. Orekhova – S.B. Ulitovsky (TS-O-U index, %); and studying the average linear (Vas) velocity of blood flow in periodontal tissues using the method of Doppler ultrasound.
Results. Powders with a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate have the greatest damaging effect on tooth enamel structure, and powders with trehalose and glycine have the least damaging effect. On the basis of clinical study it was revealed that powders based on trehalose and glycine have less damaging effect both on tooth enamel and periodontal tissues, which is confirmed by the index of tooth sensitivity of L.Yu. Orekhova – S.B. Ulitovsky and the results of ultrasound Dopplerography.
Conclusions. The conducted research allows recommending therapeutic dentists, periodontists, as well as dental hygienists to use glycine- and trehalose-based UPDs in their clinical practice due to their effective, safe and ergonomic use.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW DESIGN OF REINFORCED OCCLUSAL SPRINT WITH PARAMETRIZED FRAME BASED ON MEDICAL AND ENGINEERING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Astashina Nataliya , Valiakhmetova Kamilla , Ursakiy Ol'ga , Bazhin Aleksy
Published: May 2024

Subject. Today, the use of splint therapy is an essential part of specialized dental treatment, since in recent years the number of patients with dysfunctional conditions of the dentofacial apparatus, has increased significantly. In addition, according to recent research, the use of occlusal splints as part of complex therapy is effective in the treatment of neurological diseases, such as bruxism, chronic tension-type headache, and neuromuscular syndrome. Traditionally used designs of occlusal splints have some disadvantages, such as fragility of use, insufficient rigidity, and the impossibility of relining if the patient's dental status changes. The article provides a description and clinical and laboratory stages of manufacturing the developed new design of an occlusal splint reinforced with a titanium frame.
Objectives. Increasing the effectiveness of treatment of patients with functional disorders of the dentofacial system through the development and implementation of a new prosthetic construction – a combined occlusal splint with a titanium frame, using modern intellectual and medical 3D technologies.
Materials and methods. Titanium alloy (Rematitan®) was chosen as the material for the frame of the occlusal splint. Manufacturing method implies the use of additive technologies, in particular, 3D-printing for obtaining a high-precision structure with a minimum cross-sectional thickness. Hot-curing acrylic plastic was used to cover the parameterized frame; it is also possible to use a light-curing composite.
Results. During the study, the expediency of introducing a reinforcing component in the form of a metal frame into the construction of the occlusal splint was determined. A new design of a combined occlusal splint and a method for its manufacture were developed.
Conclusion. By reinforcing the occlusal splint with a titanium frame, high structural strength, durability of use, maintainability or relocation if necessary are ensured; at the same time, due to 3D-printing, the frame has a minimal cross-sectional thickness, which practically does not affect the thickness of the structure as a whole.
LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE AGREEMENT FOR THE PROVISION OF PAID MEDICAL SERVICES
Authors: Kupryahin Vyacheslav , Sergeev Vladimir
Published: May 2024

Relevance. The new Rules for the provision of paid medical services by medical organizations, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 11, 2023 No. 736, are aimed at developing and improving the legal framework for the provision of medical services. In this regard, it seems relevant to draw the attention of doctors dentists on the legal aspects of contractual relations.
The main goal of the work. The purpose of the study is to draw the attention of dentists to certain legal aspects of contracts for the provision of paid medical services, which are essential for the effective protection of their interests in the event of disputes regarding the proper performance of contractual obligations.
Approaches used. The provisions of legislative and by-laws related to paid medical services have been studied. A survey of 125 respondents (72 dentists, 53 consumers of medical services) was conducted on some legal aspects of the provision of paid medical (dental) services.
Results. Using the survey method, the attitude of dentists and consumers to pre-contractual relations, to information about medical workers involved in the provision of paid medical services, as well as to the provision in written form of rules for using the results of the service or their storage is shown.
Main conclusions. When providing paid medical (dental) services, it is necessary to pay special attention to: 1) pre-contractual notification to consumers in writing about the consequences of failure to comply with the instructions (recommendations) of the performer (medical worker providing a paid medical service; 2) notification to the consumer ( to the customer) information about medical workers involved in the provision of paid medical services, about the level of their professional education and qualifications; 3) providing the consumer with written rules for using the results of the service or storing them.