bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principais fatores de risco para mortalidade de longo prazo em pacientes com úlceras de pé diabético
Authors: Gomes Geny Vitória Albuquerque , Silva Daniela Regina Pereira da , Lima Catarine Mota e , Madeira Julyana Falcão , Carvalho Beatrice Montovani Marcionilo , Vanderley Amanda Martins , Nascimento José William Araújo do
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: Identificar os principais fatores de risco para mortalidade de longo prazo em pacientes com úlceras de pé diabético. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, por meio dos seguintes descritores: “diabetic foot”, “diabetic feet”, “diabetic foot ulcer”, “diabetic foot complication”, “mortality” e “death”. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2018 a 2022 e que relataram a mortalidade em longo prazo de pacientes com úlceras de pé diabético. Resultados: 11 artigos compuseram a amostra final deste estudo, com maior frequência de estudos retrospectivos (n: 05). Identificou-se que os principais fatores de risco associados à mortalidade a longo prazo de pacientes com úlceras de pé diabético foram: idade avançada, baixo status socioeconômico, tabagismo, duração do diabetes, doença renal crônica, doença arterial periférica, maior grau de gravidade da úlcera e presença de amputação anterior. Conclusão: Conclui-se que diversas condições podem elevar a probabilidade de ocorrência de óbito à longo prazo em pacientes com úlceras de pé diabético, como características clínicas gerais e da úlcera e sociodemográficas. Desta forma, o rastreio e a gestão desses fatores de risco devem continuar a serem aspetos importantes das políticas de promoção da saúde.
The clinical presentation, etiology, and disease progression of children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Yassin Aamir , Gray Diane M , Githinji Leah , Zampoli Marco , Vanker Aneesa
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

We describe the clinical spectrum, etiology, and progression of children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) from a low- and middle-income setting for which there is limited literature.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study between November 2019 and October 2020 of all PIBO patients aged 6 months to 15 years managed at pediatric pulmonology service in Cape Town, South Africa.

Results:

Fifty-one patients with PIBO were enrolled; 78% were males, median age of 60 months (IQR 33–107). Median age at disease presentation was 6 months (IQR 3–12), 80% presented with cough; 94% required hospital admission, 92% needed supplemental oxygen therapy and 75% needed ventilatory support. Reported cigarette smoke exposure was high (47%). Adenovirus infection was the most common etiology (64%). Chest radiographic findings included lung hyperinflation (43 [84.3%]) and bronchiectasis (23 [45%]). Twenty-seven patients had spirometry and showed mixed (41% [n = 8]) or obstructive (27% [n = 12]) pattern with mean (standard deviation) forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) z-score −3.3 (± 1.4), forced vital capacity (FVC) z-scores −2.4 (± 1.6), and FEV1/FVC z-score −3.1 (± 2.4). Systemic corticosteroids were used during initial presentation in 47 patients (92%). Forty-four patients (86%) required two or more subsequent hospital admissions. Improvement of symptoms was reported in 82% of patients with a mean follow-up period of 5 years. Cough (43% [n = 22]) and wheeze (39% [n = 20)]) were the most common reported current symptoms.

Conclusion:

PIBO is a recognized cause of pediatric obstructive lung disease in South African settings, with adenovirus pneumonia being the most common preceding illness. Symptoms of airway obstruction persist over time, but improvement was observed with treatment including corticosteroids.
Role of male partners in birth preparedness and complication readiness: A qualitative study
Authors: CHACKO MAYA , GEORGE LEYANNA SUSAN , RETNAKUMAR CHARUTHA
Published: May 2023

Background

In familial and societal matters, men are the decision-makers and economic resource providers in many patriarchal societies. It is important to assess the involvement of men in birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR), as men act as gatekeepers to women’s health. We examined the role, motivators and barriers for participation of male partners of pregnant women in BPCR.

Methods

This qualitative study was based on the grounded theory approach. Data were collected through 29 in-depth interviews conducted among husbands (n=8), mothers (n=8), mothers-in-law (n=8), health professionals (n=5) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with pregnant women (FGD, n=3). Interviews and FGDs were transcribed; themes and sub-themes were generated and conclusions were drawn by triangulation of the data.

Results

Men were found to have a major role in BPCR. They supported their pregnant wives by maintaining their health, providing financial support and helping them in the decision-making process regarding treatment. They also provided complication readiness support by arranging transportation and facilitating the process of hospital admission.

Conclusions

Our study emphasizes how changes have occurred in the attitudes and practices over generations regarding men’s role in BPCR and their participation during delivery. However, there is a long way to go for which transference of knowledge and cultural transformation have become necessities.
Depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms in adults awaiting cataract surgery in India
Authors: KUMAR S.G. PREM , RANPISE DHANAJI , CHAVAN SHOBHANA , VISHWAKARMA PANKAJ , KRISHNAN RADHIKA , KURIAN ELIZABETH
Published: May 2023

Background

Systematic data on mental health issues among adults awaiting cataract treatment are not readily available in India. We explored the prevalence and predictors of depressive and generalized anxiety (GA) symptoms in a cohort of adults awaiting cataract surgery.

Methods

Our study is based on data from baseline assessments which were conducted as part of a multicentre prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Subjects were recruited from four eye hospitals to assess depression and GA and associated risk factors using standardized scales, i.e. Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). Variation in the intensity of depression and GA was assessed using multiple classification analysis (MCA).

Results

A total of 813 adults awaiting cataract surgery participated, of whom 456 (56.1%) were men. The mean (SD) CES-D and GAD-7 scores were 24.6 (7.8) and 6.3 (SD 4.2) for men and 25.8 (8.9) and 6.9 (4.4) for women, respectively. The overall prevalence of depression score of >16 was 87.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 84.7%– 89.6%), and GA score of >10 was 57.1% (95% CI 53.5%–60.7%). The prevalence of comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms was 56.6% (95% CI 52.9%– 60.2%). MCA showed that being neglected and mistreated by family/friends because of vision condition and facing difficulty and requiring help with daily tasks had the highest effect on the intensity of both depression (beta=0.254 and 0.238, respectively) and GA (beta=0.219 and 0.211, respectively).

Conclusion

The majority of adults with untreated cataract had both depressive and GA symptoms. These findings could be used for planning mental health interventions for adults awaiting cataract surgery.
Soil modification method in the border zones of surface-type storage facilities and experience of its application
Authors:   FSUE “RADON”, Vanina E. A. , Ilyev A. A. ,   FSUE “RADON”, Titkov V. I. ,   FSUE “RADON”, Khripach I. V. ,   FSUE “RADON”, Linetsky E. S. ,   FSUE “RADON”
Published: April 2023

Federal State Unitary Enterprise RADON has considerable experience in the implementation of the soil modification process at surface-type storage facilities. The modification process involves modifying solution injection performed under pressure through a system of process wells into the rocks of the border zone. Upon penetrating into the rocks, the solution interacts with them reducing their hydraulic permeability, which eliminates the risk of radionuclide release into the environment and increases the efficiency of the natural barrier. The report presents the results of an overview discussing available soil modification methods, evaluates laboratory and pilot-industrial research and recommendations on the selection of a promising modifier for the modification of border zones around storage facilities operated at FSUE RADON’s industrial site.
Methodological approaches to the survey of storage facilities for the radioactive waste from uranium-graphite reactors
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Pavliuk A. O. , Kotlyarevsky S. G. ,   “Pilot and Demonstration Center for Decommissioning of Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactors” JSC, Zagumennov V. S. ,   “Pilot and Demonstration Center for Decommissioning of Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactors” JSC, Kan R. I. ,   “Pilot and Demonstration Center for Decommissioning of Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactors” JSC, Kuzov V. A. ,   “Pilot and Demonstration Center for Decommissioning of Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactors” JSC, Mevius A. V. ,   “Pilot and Demonstration Center for Decommissioning of Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactors” JSC
Published: April 2023

The article presents methods and a general survey procedure for storage facilities with radioactive waste generated during the operation of uranium-graphite reactors. It presents the experience from the application of different survey methods and relevant findings. The paper describes the key areas for further improvement of the survey methods, including the results from the mock-up tests based on various methods applied for arranging penetrations in the radioactive waste volume providing access to the bottom waste layers. The approaches presented in the article can be adapted to explore other storage facility types arranged during nuclear decommissioning.
Experience in the Management of Radioactively Contaminated Soil During the Decommissioning of Nuclear Legacy Facilities
Authors:   Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sobolev A. I. , Samoilov A. A. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2023

The article considers a wide range of problems associated with the management of radioactively contaminated soils (RCS). It presents and analyzes the main research milestones, as well as modern approaches, in particular, those addressing the nuclear legacy decommissioning stage involving the cleanup of relevant nuclear sites. The paper describes the subject area dealing with RCS. It presents the developed requirements for the implementation of a process flowchart providing RCS management considering an "ideal" facility. The paper also considers the recommendations on the development of a high-performance operational flowchart.
المراجعة الداخلية الرشيقة من وجهة نظر المراجعين الداخليين السعوديين: دراسة استكشافية
Authors: المحياوي عنان عبدالعزيز , السديري فهدة سلطان
Published: May 2023

يستطلع هذا البحث مفهوم ومبادئ المراجعة الداخلية الرشيقة، ووجهات نظر المراجعين الداخليين السعوديين فيما يتعلق بالمعوقات والتحديات التي يتوقعون مواجهتها عند تطبيق النهج الرشيق، بالإضافة إلى منظورهم عن مدى دعم إدارات منظماتهم لتبني النهج الرشيق في المراجعة الداخلية. واعتمدت هذه الدراسة النوعية على المنهج التحليلي الاستكشافي وذلك عن طريق إجراء 25 مقابلة شخصية مع مراجعين داخليين سعوديين وتوظيف أداة التحليل الموضوعي لتحليل بيانات المقابلات. وخلص البحث إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها أن عوائق التطبيق تتمثل في غياب الوعي بمفهوم المراجعة الداخلية الرشيقة لدى المراجعين وأصحاب المصلحة، وضرورة كسب دعم المنظمات عن طريق توفير الموارد المالية والبشرية والأدوات التقنية اللازمة لتبني النهج الرشيق بالمراجعة الداخلية. كما أن ثقافة المنظمة تلعب دوراً هاماً في المساهمة في تطوير وظيفة المراجعة الداخلية لتصبح أكثر كفاءة وفعالية. وفي ضوء النتائج السابقة قدمت الدراسة عددًا من التوصيات أبرزها ضرورة رفع الوعي لدى المراجعين بأهمية المراجعة الداخلية الرشيقة وما ستحقق لهم من مميزات وفوائد وتوضيح الممارسات العملية لها، وإجراء المزيد من الدراسات المتعلقة بالنهج الرشيق وتطبيقاته في المراجعة الداخلية.
الكشف عن الأداء التفاضلي لفقرات اختبار محكي المرجع لمقرر تفاضل وتكامل (1) وفق النظرية الحديثة؛ للطلبة بجامعة صنعاء وفقاً لمتغيرات (النوع، النظام، الكلية)
Authors: أبو هادي سوسن حسن , عالم وفيق علي
Published: May 2023

هدف هذا البحث للكشف عن الأداء التفاضلي لفقرات اختبار محكي المرجع لرياضيات المرحلة الجامعية وفقاً لمتغير (النوع، النظام، الكلية)، مصمم وفق النظرية الحديثة. ولتحقيق الهدف صممت الباحثة اختباراً يتكون من (40) فقرة من نوع الاختيار من متعدد. طبق الاختبار في العام الجامعي 2020 – 2021م على عينة من (240) طالب وطالبة بجامعة صنعاء والتي اختيرت عشوائياً. أظهرت نتائج البرنامج الإحصائي Bilog-MG3 مطابقة (35) فقرة من فقرات الاختبار للنموذج أحادي المعلمة. أظهرت النتائج ما يلي: وجود (4) فقرات أظهرت أداءً تفاضلياً وفقاً لمتغير النوع لصالح الطلاب، وجود (6) فقرات أظهرت أداءً تفاضلياً وفقاً لمتغير النظام موزعة بالتساوي، وجود (6)، (3) فقرات أظهرت أداءً تفاضلياً وفقاً لمتغير الكلية (التربية، والهندسة)، و(الحاسوب، والهندسة) على الترتيب توزعت بأعداد مختلفة لصالح كلية التربية والحاسوب. أوصت الدراسة بضرورة فحص الأداء التفاضلي للفقرات خاصة عند المقارنة بين مجموعات ذات خصائص مختلفة.
مخالفات التستر على الأنشطة الاقتصادية في النظام السعودي
Authors: دغريري وليد علي
Published: May 2023

حرص المنظم السعودي على مكافحة كل ما يؤثر على اقتصاده الوطني، ومن ذلك مخالفات التستر، والتي ترتكب بتواطؤ بين المتستر والمتستر عليه، فنص على صور ارتكابها، وحالات انتفائها، والعقوبات المقررة على مرتكبيها، وفي هذا البحث سوف يتم إلقاء الضوء على بيان صور ارتكاب مخالفات التستر على الأنشطة الاقتصادية، وأسبابها وآثارها، وعقوباتها النظامية، والتي جاءت متناثرة في ثنايا النظام ولائحته التنفيذية، وجمعها في هذا الإطار. واعتمدت في هذا البحث على المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي، بحيث يتم استقراء نصوص نظام مكافحة التستر ولائحته التنفيذية، ثم استخرج صور تلك المخالفات من ثناياها، وأبين ماهيتها، وكيفية ارتكابها وأحكامها، والعقوبات المقررة على مرتكبيها، المتمثلة في الغرامة المالية وفي إغلاق المنشأة الاقتصادية. وتتلخص صور تلك المخالفات في تمكين غير السعودي من إيداع إيرادات، أو أرباح المنشآت الاقتصادية إلى حساباتهم الشخصية، أو في تمويلهم المباشر لتلك المنشآت، أو لأيٍ من أنشطتها الاقتصادية، أو في منحهم الصلاحيات الإدارية العليا، لإدارة المنشآت الاقتصادية، أو تمكينهم من حيازة أوراق تجارية، أو عقود، أو وثائق موقعة على بياض، أو منحهم حق الإقرار بالأرباح على الشركاء، أو استخدام المنشأة لحسابات بنكية لا تعود لها. وقد خرج البحث بمجموعة من النتائج المهمة، التي تهدف إلى كشف واستجلاء تلك المخالفات، كما اشتمل البحث على مجموعة من التوصيات، التي تهدف إلى التصدي لتلك المخالفات، والحد من انتشارها.
واقع الدراسات البينية ومعوقات تفعيلها في كلية التربية بجامعة الملك سعود من وجهة نظر طلبة الدراسات العليا بالكلية
Authors: آل داود بدر عبدالعزيز سعد
Published: May 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى تشخيص واقع تفعيل الدراسات البينية، والكشف عن معوقات ذلك في كلية التربية بجامعة الملك سعود من وجهة نظر طلاب وطالبات الدراسات العليا في كليات التربية، واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وطبقت استبانة مكونة من (23) عبارة موزعة على محورين، على عينة عشوائية بلغت (297) من طلبة الدراسات العليا، وتوصلت الدِّراسَة إلى: أن واقع الدراسات البينية التربوية في كلية التربية بجامعة الملك سعود حصل على متوسط كلي (2.37 من 5)، أي بدرجة (ضعيفة)، فيما جاءت معوقات تفعيل الدراسات البينية التربوية في الكلية بمتوسط (3.42 من 5)، أي بدرجة (كبيرة)، وأشارت النتائج إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (α≤0.05) في آراء عينة الدِّراسَة نحو جميع محاورها باختلاف متغير (الجنس، والتخصص)، بناء على النتائج أوصى الباحث بـضرورة تبني برامج التحفيز المادية والمعنوية اللازمة لتشجيع الباحثين على إجراء المزيد من الدراسات البينية، وتبني برامج التواصل مع الأفراد القائمين بالدراسات البينية لمعرفة الاحتياجات اللازمة لإقامة هذه الدراسات، والعمل على إيجاد آلية واضحة ومحددة تسهم في زيادة مستوى التواصل العلمي بين الكليات الإنسانية، كما اقترح إجراء دراسات لتفعيل الدراسات البينية التربوية في الأقسام العلمية والتطبيقية، وإجراء دراسة من خلال تقديم تصور مقترح لتفعيل الإشراف المشترك في الرسائل العلمية التربوية في ضوء بعض الخبرات العالمية.
واقع ممارسة مديرات المدارس الثانوية لأبعاد القيادة الإبداعية بمحافظة أحد المسارحة "دراسة حالة"
Authors: صفحي عائشة محه
Published: May 2023

هدف البحث إلى الوقوف على مهارات أبعاد القيادة الإبداعية (الحساسية للمشكلات، الطلاقة، المرونة، الأصالة) اللازم توافرها في مديرات المدارس الثانوية بمحافظة أحد المسارحة، والكشف عن معوقات ممارسة أبعاد القيادة الإبداعية (الحساسية للمشكلات، الطلاقة، المرونة، الأصالة) لدى مديرات المداس الثانوية بمحافظة أحد المسارحة من وجهة نظر أفراد عينة الدراسة، كما هدف إلى وضع مجموعة من الآليات المقترحة للتغلب على معوقات ممارسة القيادة الإبداعية لدى مديرات المداس الثانوية بمحافظة أحد المسارحة، وقد استخدمت الباحثة أسلوب دراسة الحالة كونه الأسلوب الأمثل للإجابة على أسئلة هذا البحث، كما استخدمت أداة المقابلة لجمع البيانات في الإجابة عن فقرات استمارة المقابلة التي قامت الباحثة بإعدادها، وقد تمثل مجتمع البحث في جميع المدارس الحكومية الثانوية للبنات بمحافظة أحد المسارحة وعددها (4) مدارس وشملت عينة الدراسة جميع مشرفات الإدارة المدرسية بمكتب التعليم بمحافظتي المسارحة والحرث، ومن خلال نتائج الإطار النظري والمقابلة توصلت الباحثة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات أهمها: - تطوير البنية والهياكل التنظيمية للمدارس وذلك بما يتماشى مع مدخل الثقافة التنظيمية الملائمة لمجتمع الدراسة - منح المزيد من الصلاحيات للمديرات في بناء الهياكل التنظيمية وفق احتياجات المدرسة المهنية، وبما يساعد المديرات على الإبداع الإداري. - دعم المرونة في الأنظمة واللوائح بما يسمح لمديرات المدارس بالتطوير والتجديد وبما يتيح لهن اتخاذ القرارات الإبداعية.
مدى تحقيق محتوى مناهج الدراسات الإسلامية للمرحلة الابتدائية (الصفوف العليا) لمبادئ المنهج التكاملي من وجهة نظر معلمي ومعلمات الدراسات الإسلامية
Authors: المهابي علي محمد أحمد
Published: May 2023

هدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على مبادئ وأسس المنهج التكاملي، ومعرفة مدى تحقيق محتوى مناهج الدراسات الإسلامية للمرحلة الابتدائية (الصفوف العليا (1444) لهذه المبادئ والأسس، ومعرفة ما إذا كانت توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات استجابات أفراد العينة تعزى إلى الصف الدراسي (الرابع – الخامس – السادس الابتدائي). واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي في تحقيق أهداف البحث الذي تطلب إعداد قائمة بمبادئ وأسس المنهج التكاملي تكونت في صورتها النهائية من إحدى وعشرين فقرة تنتمي للمنهج التكاملي، ثم أعد الباحث استبانة وفق هذه المبادئ والأسس، للتعرف على مدى تحقيق مناهج الدراسات الإسلامية للمرحلة الابتدائية لمبادئ المنهج التكاملي وطبقت على عينة مكونة من (50) معلم ومعلمة للدراسات الإسلامية بمحافظة القنفذة. وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج أهمها: أن مبادئ وأسس المنهج التكاملي متحققة بدرجة كبيرة في مناهج الدراسات الإسلامية للمرحلة الابتدائية (الصفوف العليا)) بمتوسط حسابي عام (2.756)، كما أشارت النتائج إلى أنه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05) بين رتب متوسطات استجابات أفراد العينة على الدرجة الكلية لاستبانة مدى تحقيق محتوى مناهج الدراسات الإسلامية للمرحلة الابتدائية (الصفوف العليا) لمبادئ المنهج التكاملي تُعزى لمتغير الصف الدراسي (الصف الرابع، الصف الخامس، الصف السادس). وأوصى الباحث في نهاية بحثه بزيادة اأوجه التكامل بين مناهج الدراسات الإسلامية والمناهج الأخرى، وتبني المنهج التكاملي في بقية المناهج، وتعريف المعلمين والمتعلمين بأهمية مثل هذا النوع من المناهج، وتعزيز الإتجاه الإيجابي لدى المشرفين والمعلمين في المرحلة الابتدائية نحو أسلوب التكامل المنهجي.
أثر استخدام استراتيجيات تعلم اللغة في تدريس اللغة العربية على تنمية بعض المهارات اللغوية لدى طلاب المرحلة الابتدائية
Authors: عبد القادر محمود هلال
Published: May 2023

هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف إلى أثر استخدام استراتيجيات تعلم اللغة في تدريس اللغة العربية على تنمية بعض المهارات اللغوية (القراءة والكتابة) لدى طلاب الصف الخامس الابتدائي؛ ولتحقيق هذا الهدف تم إعداد مواد وأدوات البحث، والتي تمثلت في أوراق عمل التلميذ، ودليل المعلم، واختبار المهارات اللغوية (القراءة والكتابة)، ثم تم اختيار مجموعتي البحث من بين طلاب الصف الخامس الابتدائي، وتم تطبيق أدوات البحث قبليا، وقد استُخِدم المنهج شبه التجريبي ذو المجموعتين، وتم تنفيذ تجربة البحث، ثم تطبيق أدوات البحث بعديًا، ثم تم معالجة النتائج إحصائيًا باستخدام برنامج SPSS. وقد توصل البحث إلى وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًّا بين متوسطي درجات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة عند مستوى (0.05) في اختبار المهارات اللغوية (القراءة) لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، ووجود فروق دالة إحصائيًّا بين متوسطي درجات المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة عند مستوى (0.05) في اختبار المهارات اللغوية (الكتابة) لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، ووجود علاقة ارتباطية بين تنمية مهارات القراءة وتنمية مهارات الكتابة في التطبيق البعدي.
مدى تَحقُق معايير الصلاحية الاجتماعية في الخطط التربوية الفردية للطلبة ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد في مدينة جدة
Authors: الحارثي بشائر مشعل , معاجيني حسن أسامة
Published: May 2023

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على مدى الصلاحية الاجتماعية لبعض الأهداف في خطط الطلبة ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد في مدينة جدة؛ ولتحقيق ذلك استُخدم المنهجُ الوصفي المسحي؛ إذ أُعدَّت استبانةٌ لدراسة الصلاحية الاجتماعية لبعض الأهداف في الخطط التربوية الفردية، وطُبِّقت على عينة من أفراد المجتمع اختيروا عشوائيًّا وتكونت من 291 فردًا من أولياء أمور الطلبة ذوي اضطراب التوحد في مدينة جدة. وخلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعةٍ من النتائج، أبرزها: أن الأهداف في خطط الطلبة ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد في مدينة جدة مقبولة اجتماعيًّا، وكان الهدف "تنمية المهارات الإبداعية (الرسم، النحت، التشكيل) والعمل بها كمهنةٍ" أكثرَ الأهداف قبولًا اجتماعيًّا، وكان أقل الأهداف قبولًا اجتماعيًّا هو "تنمية المهارات الموسيقية (العزف، الغناء) والعمل بها كمهنةٍ". كما أن أولياء الأمور للطلاب الأصغر سنًّا (5- 0) أبدوا قبولًا أكبر للأهداف، ولم يؤثر المستوى المادي لأولياء الأمور في اختياراتهم. كما كانت الأمهات (الأميات) أكثر قبولًا للأهداف في حال لم يؤثر المستوى الدراسي في اختيارات الآباء. وفي ضوء ما أسفرت عنه النتائج أوصى الباحثان ببناء اختبارات مُقنَّنة تقيس مدى ملاءمة الأهداف لمعايير الصلاحية الاجتماعية، وإجراء دراسات مستقبلية حول تحقق معايير الصلاحية الاجتماعية في الخطط التربوية الفردية للطلاب في المملكة العربية السعودية.
Smooth Things Come in Threes: A Diabatic Surrogate Model for Conical Intersection Optimization
Authors: Fdez. Galván Ignacio , Lindh Roland
Published: April 2023

The optimization of conical intersection structures is complicated by the non-differentiability of the adiabatic potential energy surfaces. In this work, we build a pseudo-diabatic surrogate model, based on Gaussian process regression, formed by three smooth and differentiable surfaces that can adequately reproduce the adiabatic surfaces. Using this model with the restricted variance optimization method results in a notable decrease of the overall computational effort required to obtain minimum energy crossing points.
Laparoscopic correction of pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence: a current view of the problem
Authors: Dobrohotova Yulia E. , Taranov Vladislav  V. , Lapina Irina A. , Tyan Anatoly G. , Chirvon Tatiana G. , Glebov Nikita V. , Kaykova Olesya  V. , Malakhova Anastasiya A.
Published: April 2023

Pelvic organ prolapse refers to a group of multidisciplinary disorders with various etiological components involved in its pathogenesis, destabilizing the ligamentous and musculofascial apparatus. In most cases, pelvic floor dysfunction requires surgical treatment, eliminating existing defects and clinical symptoms and improving patients' quality of life. Corrective surgery for genital prolapse by laparoscopic approach is highly effective and is associated with a low risk of adverse clinical outcomes. However, despite the significant progress and improvement of surgical treatment options, choosing the optimal treatment method based on a personalized approach remains an urgent issue. This literature review reviews traditional and alternative methods of laparoscopic correction of pelvic organ prolapse.
Human papillomavirus: etiology, pathogenesis, role, and importance in the development of cervical cancer: A review
Authors: Ziganshin Aydar M. , Keidar Sergej V. , Khalitova Regina Sh. , Mulyukov Airat R. , Muhamed'yarova Emiliya N.
Published: April 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now considered the most common sexually transmitted infection. Since the discovery by Nobel laureate Harald zur Hausen (2008) of HPV as a virus with a high carcinogenic risk, the strategy for screening and prevention of this disease has changed dramatically. It has significantly increased the relevance of the study of this infection. Although HPV is not life-threatening, its highly oncogenic subtypes can lead to the development of cervical cancer with high mortality.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of an antimicrobial peptide-cytokine product in the complex treatment of pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria
Authors: Sinchikhin Sergey P. , Salov Igor A. , Proskurina Elena V. , Sinchikhina Ekaterina S.
Published: April 2023

Background. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women can contribute to urological and gestational complications. Antibiotic therapy is recommended in patients with 105 CFU/mL and above in the urine. However, choosing antimicrobial therapy is challenging for those with 103104 CFU/mL.
Aim. To assess the effectiveness of Superlymph combined with phytotherapy in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria.
Materials and methods. Pregnant women aged 21 to 38 with asymptomatic bacteriuria (bacterial count of 103104 CFU/mL), comparable in age, reproductive history, and extragenital comorbidities, were divided into three groups. In group 1 (32 subjects), Superlymph and a herbal medicine containing centaury, lovage root, and rosemary leaves were used. In group 2 (33 subjects), only the herbal medicinal product was used. In group 3 (35 subjects), the above drug products were not used. The patients received the herbal medicinal product containing centaury, lovage root, and rosemary leaves 2 tablets TID for 14 days. Superlymph was administered intravaginally (1 suppository [10 units] BID for 10 days). A follow-up urine culture for groups 1 and 2 was taken 23 weeks after the completion of therapy, and for patients of group 3, 23 weeks after the previous culture. A routine general clinical assessment of pregnant women was performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 12.0 software.
Results. Patients of the main group that received the peptide-cytokine and herbal medicinal products had the most significant improvement compared with pregnant women of other groups, as shown by complete eradication from the urinary tract of Escherichia coli, improved urinary laboratory tests, cytology, and fewer gestational complications. Premature onset of labor was significantly less common (6-fold) in patients of the main group versus controls, who refused the proposed therapy for asymptomatic (moderate) bacteriuria.
Conclusion. The addition of peptide-cytokine agent Superlymph increases the treatment effectiveness in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria.
Extrapelvic endometriosis: the mystery of the "black square" or "quintessential classics"?
Authors: Orazov Mekan R. , Radzinsky Viktor E. , Dolgov Evgeny D. , Abramashvili Yuliya G.
Published: April 2023

Endometriosis is still one of the most mysterious and urgent gynecological diseases. The prevalence of endometriosis is steadily increasing, despite the development of innovative methods of diagnosis and treatment. Endometriosis is the presence of a heterotopic endometrium outside the uterine cavity and most often affects the pelvic organs. However, more and more often, the world medical community actualizes the study of extrapelvic endometriosis as a unique clinical entity with specific pathogenetic patterns, approaches to verification, and therapeutic concepts. The article summarizes and systematizes the current scientific data on pathogenesis, clinical phenotypes, and therapy of extrapelvic endometriosis.
PENGGUNAAN INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DALAM PENENTUAN STRATEGI UMKM DI ERA KENORMALAN BARU
Authors: Sunaryo Anastasia Susty Ambarriani , Sunarni Ch Wiwik , Budiharta Pratiwi
Published: April 2023

The covid-19 pandemic that occurred more than a year ago has affected many businesses, including micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME). The focus of this study is to describe the effect of the pandemic on the business of micro, small and medium enterprises located in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study investigates the strategies taken by MSME in coping with challenges of the pandemic and how MSMEs use accounting information in their routine business operation. Data for analysis were gathered by means of questionnaires distributed to owners and or managers of MSME in the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province.
                Based on the respondents’ answers, the pandemic has caused a decline is sales, difficulty in recovery of operating costs, and difficulty in financing. The strategy taken by most MSMEs to counter those problems were rescheduling production, changing marketing techniques such as using online marketing, and increasing the quantity and quality of customer relationship. During the pandemic, respondents have realized the usefulness of accounting information in operating the business. Respondents know the importance of recording transactions which leads to a better calculation of costs and profit.
Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fruit-based kombucha
Authors: Zubaidah E. , Cahyadi A.B. , Srianta I. , Tewfik I.
Published: April 2023

Kombucha is a fermented drink made out of tea leaves, although recently other
alternatives were considered as substitutes, such as fruits. Using different types of fruit
could affect the characteristics of fruit-based kombucha. This study investigated the
physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of fruit-based kombucha through a
Randomized Block Design with the type of fruit (red dragon fruit, apple, snake fruit,
strawberries, grapes, pear, red guava, and citrus) as the factor. The produced kombucha
drinks were analyzed and compared for pH, total sugar, total phenolic compounds, total
flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and total microbes. Statistical tests such as Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significance Different (LSD) were employed (α = 5%).
Results revealed that physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of kombucha
were significantly related to the type of fruit with snake fruit kombucha showing the
optimal results of each characteristics as follows: total acetic acid bacteria and yeasts of
1.53×109 CFU/mL, pH of 3.07, total sugar of 2.41%, total phenol of 1006.85 μg/mL GAE,
total flavonoids of 1.75 mg QE/mL, and IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity of 5.46 μg/mL.
Fermented fruit-based kombuchas are regarded as healthy substitutes to traditional
kombucha as they offer rich source of nutrients that enhance human well-being.
The Food Security Dynamic in MENA Countries: How Should Policies be Distinctive?
Authors: Abd El Rhman Saif El Din
Published: April 2023

Key Outcomes:
- Food security in the Arab world is a seasonal event that triggers debate and discourse during transitory shocks caused by external factors (e.g., war in Ukraine), and causes disruption in the price and food supply chain.

- The nature of the shift and diversity in consumption patterns in the Arab world is caused either by a change in the lifestyle due to the change in living standards, or by the significant food assistance over decades, in which traditional approaches to the food security do not seem to be working and require a shift towards a more dynamic and mixed approach.

- Innovative solutions and revisiting the entirety of the food security approach require a mixed approach to food security to make the most out of commodity markets to support and smooth consumption and avoid transitory food deficits for countries during price hikes and to stabilize the prices accompanied with building grain storage strategy as part of the precautionary strategies for unusual times.
On Certain Properties of a Degenerate Sigmoid Function
Authors: Akugre Thomas Awinba , Nantomah Kwara , Iddrisu Mohammed Muniru
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we introduce a degenerate sigmoid function. By employing analytical techniques, we present some properties such as logarithmic concavity, monotonicity and inequalities of the new function.
Influence of coconut fiber on the microstructural, mechanical and hydraulic behavior of unsaturated compacted soil
Authors: Gomes Fernanda , Motta Mariana , Bernardes George , Soares Paulo
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the addition of coconut (coir) fibers on the microstructural, hydraulic and mechanical behavior of an unsaturated compacted soil. Specimens were molded and compacted, forming composites with 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% fiber in relation to their dry mass. The characterization of pores from the soil and fiber soil mixtures was performed by the Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry tests. Suction values were obtained through the filter paper method and soil water retention curves were adjusted with the Durner model due to the bimodal behavior. Tensile strength values were obtained from the indirect tensile strength test (Brazilian tensile test) for specimens with different suction values. It was found that the increase in fiber content in the material lead to a non-linear increase in macropores, which affected both the hydraulic and mechanical behavior of the soil. Furthermore, the shape of the soil water retention curve was preserved, but there were changes in the values of first and second air entry and residual suction. The tensile strength was negatively influenced, reaching a reduction of about 30% in the situation with higher fiber content. However, for higher levels, the behavior of the soil changed from brittle to ductile, increasing the supported deformations.
Photosynthetic activity of old-aged crops of Echinacea purpurea in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region
Authors: Gushchina Vera Alexandrovna , Nikolskaya Elena Olegovna , Kochemazova Nina Vasilievna
Published: April 2023

Plant nutrition is effective if optimal conditions are created for the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Forming agrocenoses, with the help of elements of technology and the energy of the sun, their high productivity created by photosynthesis is ensured. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to determine the indicators of photosynthetic activity of Echinacea purpurea of the fourth year of life on various backgrounds of mineral nutrition, depending on foliar top dressing with the Zircon growth regulator. To increase the duration of the use of Echinacea purpurea in 2018-2020, a two-factor field experiment was carried out on old-growth crops on the meadow-chernozem soil of the experimental plot of the Penza State Agrarian University. On average, over three years, in the stemming phase, the most favorable conditions for Echinacea plants developed on a mineral background from two foliar top dressings with Zircon, carried out in the rosette phase of leaves followed by budding, where the leaf area was 25.62 thousand m2/ha and the coverage index was 1.15 times higher than in crops on a natural background. The increase in the photosynthetic apparatus to the budding phase in relation to stalking was 1.47 thousand m2/ha, and during the flowering period, the leaf area increased to 28.31 thousand m2/ha. On average, during the growing season, the photosynthetic potential against the mineral background increased by 1.16 times. Here, during the period of budding - flowering, the highest net productivity of photosynthesis was noted - 1.84 g/m2?day.
Development of a methodology for assessing the impact of weather risks on the dynamics of production and economic indicators of crop production in the regions
Authors: Kadomtseva Marina Evgenievna , Neufeld Vasily Voldemarovich
Published: April 2023

An analysis of the differentiation of the impact of weather risks on the production and economic characteristics of crop production in the regions is presented. The data of types of adverse weather phenomena for the last 29 years are systematized. The most characteristic weather risks for the territories of the Russian Federation that cause material damage are determined. Time series were compiled for the yield of indicator crops, which are grown in a wide climatic gradient on the territory of the Russian Federation. The regions of plant-growing specialization are considered - the subjects of the Russian Federation with a high share of plant-growing products in the total volume of crop-growing products of the Russian Federation. Using the methods of mathematical and statistical analysis, the selected classification groups of regions are described in the space of production, economic and climatic characteristics. Based on the calculations, an intensive increase in the number of adverse meteorological phenomena and the degree of their influence in the most productive regions - those included in the first classification group - has been established. The regions of the second and third groups are characterized by a moderate increase in the number and duration of weather risks, close to the average values for the Russian Federation. A decrease in the number of weather risks was revealed in the least productive regions, which have an insignificant share of crop production in the gross regional product. In the course of the analysis, recommendations were developed for improving the regulatory and statistical framework for accounting for adverse weather events. The results of the study serve as a justification for the need to take into account weather risks in the system of the most meaningful trends when predicting the impact of climate change on agricultural production and food security in the country.
Un análisis del perfil del consumidor inmobiliario en el área metropolitana de Monterrey durante el COVID-19
Authors: Segovia Martinez Karen Viridiana
Published: April 2023

En este artículo se analiza el perfil del comprador potencial de bienes inmuebles que tienen o trabajan en una empresa de cualquier sector económico en el área metropolitana de Monterrey. Para ello se utilizará una base de datos de 635 personas, que nos ayudará a encontrar las características que definen al usuario a investigar, considerando algunas variables sociodemográficas como: sexo, edad, escolaridad, negocio propio y compras de inmuebles durante la pandemia de COVID-19, utilizando un análisis descriptivo en la investigación. Como resultado se encuentra que los sujetos entrevistados mantuvieron su actividad económica normal, es decir, la pandemia no afectó, ni benefició en su economía.
Gestión organizacional e innovación de PYMES en la industria del acero al Noreste de México
Authors: Luna Mosqueda Sara Sofia , Mendoza Vargas Martha Magdalena , Jasso Arrambide Hilda Margarita
Published: April 2023

El éxito económico de una nación dependerá en gran medida de su capacidad para innovar y mejorar su gestión organizacional, factores imprescindibles ante la crisis producto de la pandemia por el COVID. Estos generaran alternativas ante esta incertidumbre mundial, así que analizar los factores de la gestión organizacional y su impacto en la innovación de PYMES, concretamente en el caso de la Industria del acero. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar estos factores, buscando una mejor comprensión sobre los elementos que desarrollan las diferentes empresas al buscar su crecimiento y estabilidad. Partiendo de un diseño no experimental, descriptivo y correlacional, se generó el cuestionario titulado “Factores de la Gestión que impulsan la innovación de las PYMES en la industria del acero”, el cual costaba de 35 items, y fue aplicado a 19 directivos de PYMES ubicados en el área industrial del acero en el noreste de México. Se tomaron 4 factores para la gestión: Pensamiento Innovador, Conocimiento del mercado, Uso de la tecnología, y Acceso al financiamiento; a partir de una regresión lineal múltiple se analizó la relación entre innovación y estos factores, encontrándose que, aunque estos cuatro se relacionaban con la capacidad de una empresa para ser innovadora, las PYMES se enfocan en el pensamiento innovador, dejando de lado los otros factores que apoyarían su crecimiento.  Estos datos nos permiten dar un primer vistazo hacia el panorama de las PYMES, sin embargo, se sugiere más investigación para tener una mejor explicación del fenómeno.
Dijital Oyun İçerikli Tezlerin Bibliyometrik Analizi
Authors: HALAÇ Hicran Hanım , ÖĞÜLMÜŞ Veli
Published: April 2023

Dijital oyunların her yaştan kullanıcıya hitap edebilmeleri nedeniyle toplum üzerinde önemli etkileri vardır. Dijital oyun süreçleri, sadece oyun tasarımcıları veya bu süreçte yer alan kişileri değil akademik çevreyi de etkisi altına almaktadır. Dijital oyunları konu edinen akademik çalışmalar son dönemde oldukça popüler bir hale gelmiştir. Türkiye’de dijital oyun ve etkileşim teknolojileri gibi konularda genişleyen lisans programlarının açılması sonucu olarak lisansüstü tez çalışmalarında da oyun içerikli tezlerin nicelikleri artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı, dijital oyun içerikli tez çalışmalarının bibliyometrik analizini yapmaktır. Bunun için Yöktez Ulusal Tez Arşivi’ndeki “Oyun Tabanlı Öğrenme”, “Ciddi Oyunlar”, “Mobil Oyunlar” ve “Video Oyunlar” anahtar kelimeleriyle doğrudan bulunan 168 tez incelenmiştir. Elde edilen tezlerin künyeleri veri toplama tablosunda bir araya getirilmiştir. Uygulamalı pratiğe sahip oyun süreçlerinin bulunduğu 24 tez daraltılmış örneklem olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu tezlerin öncelikle künye analizleri, devamında örneklem analizleri yapılmış ve son olarak tezlerin veri toplama yöntemleri ve veri analiz yöntemleri çözümlenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, var olan lisansüstü akademik çalışmalar üzerinden bir takım tespitler yapılmış ve gelecekteki çalışmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur.
Stock Closing Price Prediction with Machine Learning Algorithms: PETKM Stock Example In BIST
Authors: TOPRAK Şevval , ÇAĞIL Gültekin , KÖKÇAM Abdullah Hulusi
Published: April 2023

This study predicts the stock price of Petkim Petrokimya Holding Corp. (PETKM), which is listed in Borsa Istanbul (BIST), using PETKM stock price, US dollar (USD/TRY) price and BIST Chemical, Petroleum & Plastic (XKMYA) index price. A time series data set with three inputs and one output is created using these data. Random Forest Regression (RFR), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithms are used in the prediction model. The success of these methods is compared using performance metrics such as MSE, RMSE, MAE, and R2. According to the calculated error metrics, LSTM and RFR algorithms gave better results than CNN with an MSE value less than 0.02. However, the fact that the R2 values of the most successful models created with all three algorithms were greater than 95% revealed that all the algorithms mentioned could be used to estimate this data set.
X ve Ku Bandı İçin Dikdörtgen Ve Simetrik L-Şekilli Yarıklara Sahip Çoklu Bant Yama Antenlerde Malzeme Etkileri
Authors: SARİKAYA Kubra , HAKANOĞLU Barış Gürcan , KESER Serkan
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmada içeriden beslemeli X bandında çalışan yeni bir dikdörtgen yama anten yapısı önerilmiştir. Üzerinde yapılan tasarım işlemleri ile antenin, tek bantta çalışan geleneksel mikroşerit yama antenden X bandı ve Ku bandında çalışan bir çoklu frekans antene dönüştürülmesi anlatılmıştır. Önerilen yapı dielektrik sabiti 2,2 olan RT5880 ve dielektrik sabiti 4,3 olan FR4 alt tabakalar üzerinde tasarlanmış ve farklı malzemelerde tasarımın geçerliliği gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca önerilen yapının farklı malzemeler için nasıl cevap verdiği araştırılmış, FR4 malzemesi için 8 GHz bandında 183 MHz’lik bir band genişliği artışına ilaveten daha yüksek frekans bölgelerinde ek rezonanslar ile uyarıldığı görülürken, RT5880 malzemesi için ise sadece 8 GHz bandına ek rezonansların uyarıldığı bulunmuş fakat bütün frekans bölgesi için anten kazancı bakımından daha kararlı bir çalışma sergilediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Yeni anten modeli FR4 tabanı ile tasarlandığında 8,52 GHz, 11,42 GHz ve 13,44 GHz frekanslarında rezonansa sahipken RT5880 tabanı ile tasarım yapıldığında rezonansların 8,51 GHz, 10,53 GHz ve 11,57 GHz frekanslarında sadece X bandında kaldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca bu çalışma frekansları için anten kazançları FR4 tabanı için 8,52 GHz’de 7,16 dBi, 11,42 GHz’de 3,70 dBi ve 13,44 GHz’de 7,09 dBi; RT5880 tabanı için 8,51 GHz’de 8,07 dBi, 10,53 GHz’de 7,55 dBi ve 11,57 GHz’de 7,38 dBi olarak bulunmuştur.
Adding synchronous sessions to asynchronous virtual exchange: Insights from the IVEProject
Authors: Roarty Adam , Tuncer Hülya , Tang Liqing
Published: May 2023

The International Virtual Exchange Project (IVEProject) has been connecting students across multiple countries through asynchronous forums on a large scale since 2015. However, considering the variety of virtual exchange methods and the advantages they bring to the field of foreign language learning, there is an increased need to explore the pedagogical possibilities of combining asynchronous and synchronous modalities, particularly across multiple institutions and countries. This short article reports on a pedagogical innovation which involved adding synchronous sessions conducted over Zoom to the asynchronous IVEProject forums. The authors arranged eight weekly Zoom meetings in which students from China, India, Japan, Jordan, Palestine, Türkiye and Syria participated in May–July, 2021. After the final session, a survey was administered to participating students and their teachers to explore their experiences. The results show that the majority of students appreciated and benefitted from the opportunity to communicate synchronously with peers from other countries. The paper also reflects on the benefits and challenges of combining synchronous sessions alongside the asynchronous IVEProject forums, aiming to derive lessons learned from this project in the hope that this will aid future EFL instructors in creating engaging virtual exchange projects which involve participants from multiple cultures and countries.
Featured Research Images
Authors: Eshleman Juliette , Birtle Matthew , Souter Katherine , Sviderskaia Kira , Quiroz Camila , Waters Ashlyn , Strelkov Sabrina , Wei Annie
Published: May 2023

Featured on this issue's front and back covers, we have "Mast Cell Degranulation in Response to Rho Activating Drugs" created by Juliette Eshleman and "Galaxies of Glia Interface with Technology" created by Matthew Birtle. Other featured images include "Astrocytes: the stars of the brain" by Katherine Souter, "Morphological changes in microglia upon sensing the environment" by Kira Sviderskaia, "The Solar Farming Revolution: Agrivoltaics is Changing the Game" by Camila Quiroz, "AW1, a novel Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum bacteriophage" by Ashlyn Waters, "Golden Canola" by Sabrina Strelkov, and "Augmented Reality x Rehabilitation" by Annie Wei.
Narrative Review of Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Adults in Intensive Care
Authors: Kelly Hallie , Goyanes, M.D Juan Jose , Moore, Pharm D. Catherine H. , Hudson, DNP Brittany
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Background
Seizures are common in the Neurocritical Intensive Care Unit. Early identification and treatment of clinical and sub-clinical seizures remain important in managing the neurologically critically ill patient.
Aim
The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the different types of sub-clinical seizures, diagnosis and detection, correlative physiology, and the importance of prompt treatment.
Methods
A group of physicians, advanced practice providers, and pharmacists performed a literature search based on their area of expertise and provided the most relevant evidence for the narrative review.
Findings
There are many types of subclinical seizures and pharmaceutical interventions. Seizures can be complex and early treatment is crucial to good outcomes.
Conclusions
This review is a narrative overview of sub-clinical seizures seen in the Neurocritical care unit. It is written for all practicing providers to describe the physiology, identification, and treatment of sub-clinical seizures to facilitate improved patient outcomes.