bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemşirelik lisans ve lisansüstü programlarında yürütülen evde bakım hemşireliği dersinin incelenmesi
Authors: Ede Belçim , Uysal Nurcan
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma, Yükseköğretim Kurulu’na bağlı üniversitelerin Hemşirelik Lisans ve Lisansüstü düzeyinde verilen “Evde Bakım Hemşireliği” dersinin öğretimine ilişkin durumu belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı olarak planlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2020 yılı içerisinde Yükseköğretim Kurulu’na bağlı olarak eğitim veren hemşirelik lisans ve lisansüstü programlar oluşturmuş olup 113’ü devlet ve 102’si vakıf olmak üzere toplam 215 Hemşirelik Okulu’nun web sayfası incelenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan soru formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler 1-31 Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında hemşirelik programlarının web sitelerindeki içeriklerin taranmasıyla elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: İncelenen web sayfalarına göre; hemşirelik lisans ve lisansüstü eğitim veren vakıf ve devlet üniversitelerinin %22,8’inde Evde Bakım Hemşireliği dersinin müfredatta yer aldığı, %77,2’inde yer almadığı belirlenmiştir. Dersin adı, içeriği, amacı, dersin öğrenim çıktıları açısından farklılıklar bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Programların %2,0’ında zorunlu ders olarak verildiği, %98,0 teorik, %2,0 uygulama saati olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üniversitelerin web sayfalarındaki Bologna Bilgi Paketleri incelendiğinde %75,0’ında dersin amacının açıklandığı, %83.4’ünde öğrenim kazanımlarının paylaşıldığı saptanmıştır. Çoğunlukla bilişsel öğrenim kazanımlarına yer verildiği görülmüştür. Sonuç: Üniversitelerin web sayfalarında yer alan Evde Bakım Hemşireliği dersi incelendiğinde lisans ve lisansüstü düzeyde dersin amaç ve öğrenim kazanımlarında farklılıkların olmadığı saptanmıştır. Dersin psikomotor beceri kazanımları belirtilmesine rağmen uygulamaya yer verilmediği belirlenmiştir.
Sağlık bakım uygulamalarında etik duyarlılık
Authors: Tosun Hale
Published: April 2021

Hasta/sağlıklı bireyin fiziksel olduğu kadar, emosyonel yönden de anlaşılması sağlık profesyonellerinin etik duyarlılığının bir göstergesidir. Çünkü duyarlılık, ahlaki yanıtın ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Etik sorunu belirleme yeteneği olan “Etik Duyarlılık” etik ilkeler doğrultusunda savunulabilir olmalıdır. Etik duyarlılık etik sorunu çözmek, açıklık getirmek ya da eylemi haklı çıkartmanın yanı sıra etik ikilemi önleme noktasında da son derece önemlidir. Hemşirelik, mesleki felsefe ve bilimsel bir etik yapı üzerine temellendirilmiştir. Etik duyarlılık değer ve mesleki performansın doğasında yer alan alturism ile açıklanabilir. Bu noktada hemşirenin objektif gözlem yeteneği ve empatik yaklaşımı etkilidir. Etik ikilem ya da sorunlar karşısında karar verme sürecinde etik ilkeler doğrultusunda hareket etme, etik duyarlılığın gelişimine bağlıdır. Bu derlemede klinik uygulamada karşılaşılan etik sorunların giderilmesinde etik duyarlılık kavramının hemşireler için önemini vurgulamak amaçlanmıştır.
COVID-19'lu diabetic hastanın bakımı
Authors: Kısa Mencütekin Yurdagül , Gençtürk Nuran
Published: April 2021

Diyabet, COVID-19 ile enfekte hastalarda en sık bildirilen komorbiditeler arasındadır. Mevcut verilere göre diyabetik hastalar genel popülasyonla karşılaştırıldığında SARS-CoV-2'ye yakalanma riskinde artışa sahiptir. Öte yandan diyabet, COVID-19'un ciddi ve kritik gelişimi açısından bir risk faktörüdür. Laktik asidoz ve ketoasidoz riskleri nedeniyle COVID-19’lu vakalarda Metformin ve Sodyum-glukoz ko-transporter (SGLT-2) inhibitörleri kesilmelidir. Birden fazla komorbiditesi olan hastalara ekstra dikkat etmek gerekmektedir. İyi beslenme uygulamalarının sürdürülmesi, güvenli fiziksel aktiviteler ve düzenli glikoz takibi teşvik edilmelidir. COVID-19 gelişen diyabetli kişiler, hastalık şiddetli olmadığı sürece rutin ilaçlarına devam etmelidir. Son olarak COVID-19 enfeksiyonu kanıtlanmış hastalarda (pre) diyabet için sistematik tarama yapılması önerilmektedir. Bu derlemede diyabetli hastada COVID-19 hastalığının önemine yer verilmiştir.
Precarização do meio ambiente do trabalho em tempos de pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Gusmão Xerxes
Published: April 2021

A pandemia de Covid-19 provocou verdadeira catástrofe sanitária e econômica, no mundo inteiro. Inevitável, nesse sentido, que o meio ambiente do trabalho fosse igualmente impactado. Todavia, diversamente do que se poderia esperar, com a criação de normas que reforçassem a proteção aos trabalhadores, ameaçados pelo novo vírus, as modificações normativas adotadas no Brasil vieram a flexibilizar medidas de saúde e segurança do trabalho. Serão examinadas, desse modo, estas medidas, assim como seus reflexos para as relações de trabalho no país.
O caso da fábrica de fogos em Santo Antônio de Jesus como violador dos direitos e da convenção sobre os direitos das crianças
Authors: Caetano da Cunha Felipe , De Lima Marques Santiago Souza Vanessa , Martins Cavalcanti Camilla
Published: April 2021

Apesar de previsto na Constituição brasileira e na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, o direito ao processo legal em um prazo razoável não foi efetivado quando nos referimos ao caso dos trabalhadores da fábrica de fogos em Santo Antônio de Jesus, no interior da Bahia, caso este que vitimou fatalmente 20 crianças e adolescentes em uma das piores formas de trabalho infantil. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar, sob uma perspectiva da maior Convenção internacional sobre os direitos das crianças da ONU, de 20 de novembro de 1989, tendo como subsídio outros tratados de Direitos Humanos, além de verificar fatores e demora processual no caso que deixou 64 pessoas mortas e outras seis gravemente feridas, dentre as quais duas crianças com queimaduras graves. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada por meio de documentos da Corte Interamericana, da Justiça brasileira, dados do município de Santo Antônio e documentos referentes ao caso, visando responder à pergunta-problema: “Como o caso da fábrica em Santo Antônio viola os Direitos e da Convenção sobre os Direitos das Crianças?”. Conclui-se que não apenas os exploradores, mas também a União, o Estado e o Município, violaram os direitos daquelas meninas e meninos, permitindo, ainda, que estes últimos se submetam a condições precárias de trabalho, que, como defendido no decorrer do artigo, mais se identifica com uma condição análoga à escravidão.
Antibiotic‑associated drug‑induced liver damage with cholestasis: actualization of problem in COVID‑19 era
Authors: Ostroumova O. D. , Pereverzev A. P. , Pavleeva E. E. , Romanovsky R. R.
Published: April 2021

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a fairly frequent adverse drug reaction, which accounts for about half (40–50 %) of cases of acute liver damage. The cholestatic variant of DILI is characterized by an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) above the two upper limits of the norm (ULN) or the ratio of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) / ALP ≤ 2 in chronic course. A common cause of the cholestatic variant of DILI is a use of drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases, such as beta-lactam antibiotics, Aminoglycosides, Amphenicol, Lincosamides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, antituberculosis drugs, etc. This problem has acquired particular urgency during the COVID-19 pandemic. The widespread use of azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, interferons, lopinavir, and other drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 also contributed to an increase in the incidence of DILI. In accordance with clinical guidelines in case of suspicion of a drug-induced liver damage, one should stop use of suspected drug and, if necessary, prescribe hepatoprotectors, for example, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The effectiveness of the use of UDCA in patients with DILI, including those caused by the intake of antibacterial drugs, has been confirmed by randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. The effectiveness of UDCA -drug Ursosan®has been confirmed in real life clinical practice. This drug can be used for long-term (up to several months), or lifelong treatment with hepatotoxic drugs like antituberculosis and antirheumatic drugs. The daily dose of Ursosan®is 12–15 mg/kg, if necessary – 20 mg / kg (with a weight of a patient about 75–100 kg, daily dose will be equal to two tablets of Ursosan Forte®, 500 mg).
Levels of high‑sensitivity C‑reactive protein in young and middle‑aged individuals and their association with hypertension
Authors: Polyakova O. A. , Kirichenko A. A. , Borodin I. A.
Published: April 2021

Background. Chronic systemic inflammation plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease. However, the causal relationship between inflammation and arterial hypertension (AH) is not fully determined.Objective. To assess the levels of high-sensitivity С-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in young and middle-aged individuals and their association with АН. Materials and methods. The study involved 427 patients aged 30 to 55 years (41 [35; 48] years) undergoing a periodic medical examination on the basis of Gazprom Transgaz Moscow’s Centre for Diagnostics and Rehabilitation from November 2018 to February 2020. 169 patients were evaluated in dynamics after a year. Patients with acute inflammatory disease or chronic exacerbation, taking hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, hormone replacement therapy were excluded from the study. The hs-CRP level was determined by an immunoturbodimetric method with latex gain, with a lower detection limit of 0.1 mg/l. Statistical processing of the results was carried out in Statistica 10 program. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.Results. Among young and middle-aged individuals increase in the level of hs-CRP ≥ 2 mg/l was found in 26.9 % of participants of the research. Protein concentrations were most significantly associated with body mass index (r = 0.53; p < 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.28; p < 0.05). Persons with hs-CRP ≥ 2 mg/l had a frequency of identification of AH above, then at persons with normal levels of a marker (65.2 against 40.1 %; р = 0.000004). There was a statistically significant association between an increase in the level of hs-CRP and hypertension (OR = 2.8; 95 % CI: 1.8–4.4; p = 0.000004).Conclusions. The findings indicate that elevated hs-CRP levels are associated with AH in young and middle-aged individuals, and also suggest that chronic systemic inflammation is an independent contributor to the development of AH.
Aspects of practical application of ‘STOPP/START’ criteria in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease in therapeutic department of multi‑speciality hospital
Authors: Batyukina S. V. , Ostroumova O. D. , Kochetkov A. I. , Ebzeeva E. Yu. , Romanovsky R. R. , Shatalova N. A. , Chernyaeva M. S. , Sychev D. A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Polypharmacy and the administration of potentially non-recommended drugs are the causes of adverse drug reactions. The absence of potentially recommended drugs leads to a decrease in the duration and quality of life, an increased risk of complications from various organs and systems.The purpose of the study. To analyze the structure of prescribed drugs in patients over 65 years of age with atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 and 4 for the presence of рolypharmacy and compliance of prescriptions with the criteria STOPP/START.Materials and methods. 125 case histories were analyzed in patients 65 years and older with AF and CKD. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 – patients with AF and CKD 3a (n = 51; 84.3 % of women; mean age 86.1 ± 6.4 years; mean score on the CHA(2) DS(2)-VASc scale 6.2 ± 1.1 points; mean score on the HAS-BLED scale 3.00 ± 0.68 points); group 2 – patients with AF and CKD 3b and 4 stages (n = 39; 84.6 % of women; mean age 87.9 ± 4.7 years; mean score on the CHA(2) scale; DS(2)-VASc 6.1 ± 1.2 points; the average score on the HAS-BLED scale is 3.10 ± 0.71 points). All 100 % of patients in both groups had a high risk of stroke on the CHA(2) DS(2)-VASc scale (≥ 2 points for men; ≥ 3 points for women), 82.4 % of patients in group 1 and 79.5 % of patients in group 2 had a high risk of bleeding on the HAS-BLED scale (≥ 3 points). According to the prescribing sheets of medical histories, the frequency of polypharmacy was evaluated, as well as the structure of drug prescriptions according to the STOPP/START criteria.Results. The number of patients who were prescribed ≥5 drugs was 100 % in group 1 and 94.9 % in group 2. The number of patients receiving ≥10 drugs at the same time was 11.8 % and 20.5 % in group 1 and 2, respectively. In 64.7 % of patients from group 1 and in 53.8 % of patients from group 2, potentially non-recommended but prescribed drugs (STOPP) are present in the prescribing lists. At the same time, 96.1 % and 100 % of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively, were not prescribed drugs that are recommended for elderly patients (START criteria).Conclusion. Patients with AF and CKD aged 65 years and older are often prescribed potentially non-recommended drugs that significantly reduce the quality of life and increase the risk of adverse drug reactions. These patients were also often not prescribed potentially recommended drugs that are necessary to improve the prognosis, reduce the risk of complications, and reduce the number of hospitalizations. The revealed facts dictate the need to optimize pharmacotherapy in elderly and senile patients with AF and CKD in a hospital setting.
SOVIET UNION AND AUSTRALIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1940S: EACH OTHER’S PROVINCIAL IMAGES
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Russian Federation, ANTOSHIN ALEXEY
Published: April 2021

The main task of this article is analysis of mutual perception of Soviet people and Australians during the first part of the Cold War. Situation in provincial centers of USSR and Australia (Urals region and Western Australia) is at the center of author`s attention. The article is based on the materials of Orenburg region`s Center of contemporary history documents, newspapers «Uralsky Rabochy» (Sverdlovsk) and «The West Australian» (Pert). The author proves that formation of images of these countries had special characteristics due to their roles in world policy and their political regimes. The author concludes Australians had complex but controversial image of Soviet Union. There was no real image of Australia among ordinary Soviet people. Originality of this article is connected with its first attempt to analyse mutual perception of Soviet people and Australians during the first part of the Cold War studying situation in provincial centers of USSR and Australia. Importance of this article is also connected with high relevance of the problem of formation of the images of nations in contemporary conditions of development of international humanitarian contacts.
THE J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S MYTH IN THE COUNTERCULTURE OUTLOOKS IN THE WEST SOCIETY OF 1960-1970S YEARS
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, DOMBROVSKIY PAVEL , KHAZANO OLEG
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the researching of the J.R.R. Tolkien’s (British writer and linguist) influence on the outlook of counterculture movements in 1960-1970s years. The west countries’ history of that period describes a developing of the youth protest activity and the promoting of the trilogy «The Lords of the Rings», which became the most important embodiment of J.R.R. Tolkien’s mythology. As the result, the creativity of British writer became as the fantastic allusion to the modern and recent historical problems of society, such as the USA campaign in Vietnam, world wars, consumption cult, the harm to the environment, the fight for civil rights, etc. The purpose of that article is to identify the role of J.R.R. Tolkien’s myth in the ideological forming of youth movements of the mentioned time period in the USA and West Europe of 1960-1970s years. Through the prism of that interaction authors reconstruct a layer of counterculture mythology with the merging of Tolkinism’s (the writer’s creativity and outlook) and protest ideas inside the original awareness. The result of this process is in the appearance of the new youth movements’ ideological aspects, reflected in slogans, sings and street art of the pointed time period. The embodiment of the young generation’s protest activity with fictional heroes and events in Tolkien’s Middle-Earth has the main role in such aspects. However, today there is lack of the researching of that problem. Authors of the article suggest to look at the counterculture’s history in west countries through the prism of the pointed synthesis as the one of basically elements in the formation of modern mass culture and subculture layer.
MODERNIZATION OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE IN INDEPENDENT KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Institute of State History, CS of MES of the RK, BURKITBAY AYAGAN
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the development of historical studies in Kazakhstan in the period after the disintegration of the USSR. The article presents new approaches, achievements and shortcomings in the development of science, the activities of the main research centers and educational institutions, scientific discoveries that have expanded the horizons of history in Kazakhstan. It is shown that in the post-Soviet period, the historical science of Kazakhstan has gone through a difficult and ambiguous path of transformation. The nature of research has changed, which was expressed in methodological approaches and methods. In addition, historians were able to search for materials in the archives both within the country and abroad.
VALUE ORIENTATIONS AND CIVIL-POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF YOUNG RUSSIAN PATRIOTS
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, SELEZNEVA ANTONINA
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study. The article is devoted to the analysis of value orientations, forms of civic engagement and political participation of young Russian citizens who consider themselves patriots. In accordance with the conceptual and methodological provisions developed within the framework of the political and psychological approach, the author examines how the cognitive and behavioral components of the personality structure, which determine the patriotic orientation of youth, relate to each other. Research results. Based on an analysis of the data of an all-Russian survey of young people aged 15 to 30, the author comes to the conclusion that young Russian patriots are interested in politics and identify with Russia. They demonstrate a fairly high level of social activity and have a wide repertoire of forms of civic participation and political behavior. They have attitudes towards conventional forms of political participation (primarily electoral). In the system of values of young patriots, the most significant are human rights, peace, order, legality, security, freedom and justice. Young Russian citizens who consider themselves patriots differ in their political values and behavioral orientations from «non-patriots». The author comes to the conclusion that young patriots have a connection between values and behavioral practices of their implementation, which determines their focus on interaction with the state and society. But this is not typical for young people in general. It is noted that in the future, patriotism can become a factor in the serious intragenerational demarcation of young people. Therefore, significant efforts are required from various institutions of socialization in the field of political education and patriotic education of youth.
THE LIBERAL CONCEPT OF RUSSIAN HISTORY
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, TROFIMOV ANDREY
Published: April 2021

Historical science in Russia was formed and developed under the influence of European socio-political thought, in which liberalism was understood as an ideology, socio-political movement, a set of democratic institutions, procedures and principles of governance. Liberal historians searched for interrelations between socio-political and economic aspects of historical development, and paid attention to the need to study state, political and cultural history. In line with the liberal paradigm, the stages of human history are considered from the position of priority of personal development, ensuring its individual freedoms, and Russia, as a potentially European country, with a catch-up type of development. A liberal view of history presupposes the presence of intellectual polyphony, competition of conceptual explanations. To represent the liberal version of Russian history, the article uses the cognitive capabilities of several concepts existing in the modern historiographic space: «patrimonial state», «totalitarianism», «socio-cultural split», «Russian system», «distribution economy», «catching up development, backwardness», «servile and contractual Russia», «non-modern country». Based on them, a liberal interpretation of the content of various stages of Russian history is presented.
Diversidad de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares asociados a plantas voluntarias de maíz en suelos de transición: ecosistema natural - uso agrícola
Authors: Cervantes-Gámez Rocío Guadalupe , Peñuelas-Rubio Ofelda , Araujo-Benard Nathali , Fierro-Coronado Rosario Alicia , Trejo-Aguilar Dora , Maldonado-Mendoza Ignacio Eduardo , Cordero-Ramírez Jesús Damián
Published: April 2021

Antecedentes: Las plantas voluntarias se consideran un problema en suelos de cultivo como posible reservorio de enfermedades, pero también de diversidad de microorganismos. Plantas micotróficas como el maíz permitirían preservar inóculos micorrízicos. La zona de preservación ecológica La Uba, en Guasave, Sinaloa, es un relicto de vegetación de selva baja caducifolia y su microbiota ha sido poco estudiada. Esta región ha sido reconvertida a suelo agrícola, por lo que estudiamos una zona de transición aledaña.
Objetivo: Establecer la diversidad de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) presentes en rizósfera y raíces de plantas voluntarias de maíz en una zona de transición contigua a La Uba.
Métodos: Se colectaron raíces de maíz de plantas voluntarias y suelo una vez, entre ciclos agrícolas en una zona de transición. Se extrajo ADN genómico de raíces colonizadas con HMA y esporas del suelo, se amplificó y se secuenció masivamente el ITS del ADN ribosomal.
Resultados y conclusiones: Se encontraron un total de 12 especies de HMA, pertenecientes a los géneros Glomus, Rhizophagus, Funneliformis y Gigaspora; siendo Glomus el más abundante. Glomus indicum se reporta por primera vez en México. Las plantas voluntarias de maíz pueden servir como reservorio de inóculo de HMA en suelos agrícolas.
Sistem Pendeteksi Kecelakaan Kendaraan Bermotor Menggunakan Arduino Dan Smartphone Android
Authors: Amir Mochammad Taufiq Ardiansyah , Kerlooza Yusrila Yeka
Published: April 2021

Abstract - Many motor vehicle accidents occur in Indonesia. One of the factors causing the high number of accidents is the large number of motorized vehicle users. Accident reporting is currently still hampered by reporting. This research creates an accident reporting system that is fast and automatic to a web server. This study aims to create a system that can report accident locations. Next, the preparation of the machine condition status detection device. And the web server receives the coordinates of the crash site. This system combines an android smart phone with an Arduino microcontroller. In this research, the voltage sensor is used to overcome the motor vehicle battery voltage. Machine condition data transmission status from device to android smart phone using bluetooth HC-05. Accelerometer and GPS sensors on android smartphones are used to check acceleration and location coordinates during an accident. This study uses 4 vehicle conditions while moving. Vehicle traveling normally, sudden brake, front collision and side collision. The speed limit value used in this study is 19.04 m / s2 or 1.94 g. Based on the research results, when the vehicle is running normally there is no significant change in the value of acceleration. In a sudden brake condition, the Y axis of the acceleration sensor decreases in value until the acceleration value is negative. In the hit-front condition, the Y-axis value has increased significantly. Meanwhile, in a side hit condition, the value of the X and Y axes has increased significantly. The front and side crash conditions were tested 10 times each. Front hit conditions were identified as accidents by 80%. While the side hit condition was identified as an accident as much as 100%.

Keywords: sensor, accelerometer, accident, GPS, Android smart phone.
Sistem Kendali Dan Monitoring Kelembapan, Suhu, dan pH Pada Proses Dekomposisi Pupuk Kompos Dengan Kendali Logika Fuzzy
Authors: . Sandi
Published: April 2021

Abstrak – Salah satu cara pengolahan sampah organik dengan menjadikannya pupuk kompos melalui penguraian sisa makanan seperti sayuran, sisa buah-buhan, daun-daun kering maupun basah yang ditimbun pada sebuah komposter. Penerapan teknologi pada proses dekomposisi pupuk kompos salah satunya yakni Internet of Things (IoT) yang dapat memberikan informasi penting seperti tingkat kelembapan, suhu serta pH sebagai acuan keberhasilan pengomposan yang dapat di monitoring setiap saat. Menjaga kondisi parameter penentu keberhasilan dengan menerapkan sistem kontrol yang dibangun menggunakan metode fuzzy logic control (FLC) yang mampu menstabilkan parameter-parameter penentu pada saat proses pengomposan berjalan. Hasil pengukuran melalaui pembacaan sensor kelembapan YL-69 menunjukan hasil yang baik meskipun terdapat error rata-ratanya 2.95%. Pembacaan sensor suhu ds18b20 hasilnya sangat akurat dimana nilai errornya sebesar 0%. Sedangkan pembacaan sensor pH memiliki error rata-rata sebesar 0.728%, artinya sensor-sensor terbesebut dapat dikategorikan baik yang memiliki tingkat akurasi tinggi karena rata-rata errornya <3%. Pengujian keseluruhan dilakukan selama 30 Hari dengan tingkat kelembapan, suhu dan pH yang bervariasi. Pupuk kompos yang dihasilkan dengan bantuan sistem yang dirancang telah memenuhi Standarisasi Kualitas Pupuk Kompos yang memiliki tingkat kelembaban 50.35%, suhu 25℃ dan pH 6.7, serta memiliki warna kehitaman dan berbau tanah.

 

Kata Kunci : Sampah Organik, pupuk kompos, kendali logika fuzzy, monitoring, Internet of Things
The state of the art of nuclear energy and its bibliometric analysis
Authors: Adar Elanur
Published: April 2021

Nuclear power plants, which started to be used in the military field in the 19th century, began to be used in electricity generation due to the oil crisis and increasing electricity need. It has many advantages as well as some disadvantages. Commonly used fossil, hydraulic, wind and solar energy systems likewise have both advantages and disadvantages. The emission of nuclear radiation is the most important risk. If there is no radiation emission, it will cause a less bad impact even if an accident happens. Also, waste management will be easier. With the development of technology, the production of new generation reactors can ensure that some disadvantages are eliminated or minimized. When looking at the studies carried out in WOS, studies on nuclear energy are related to environmental issues (waste management and occupational health). However, more studies should be carried out on two problems (waste management and occupational health) that are important in the operation of nuclear power plants.
حظر اللجوء إلى الغدر في القانون الدولي الإنساني
Authors: المالكي هادي نعيم , خضير عمر عباس
Published: April 2021

يتضمن القانون الدولي الإنساني بعض الاتفاقيات الدولية التي تهدف إلى تنظيم الأعمال العدائية، واستخدام أدوات ووسائل القتال (قانون لاهاي)، حيث توجد العديد من القواعد الدولية التي تحكم سير وإدارة العمليات العدائية، فهناك بعض الأحكام التي تحد من استخدام وسائل وأساليب معينة أثناء النزاعات المسلحة، سواء كان ذلك بحظر اللجوء إلى أساليب محددة في القتال أو حظر أو تقييد استخدام أنواع معينة من الأسلحة، ويأتي تكريس هذه القواعد في قانون النزاعات المسلحة تطبيقاً لمبدأ قانون الحرب الذي يقيد من سلطة أطراف النزاع في اختيار وسائل الأضرار بالعدو.

وتعد مسألة تنظيم الحد من اللجوء إلى الغدر من المواضيع المهمة، فإذا كان القانون الدولي الإنساني جاء لغرض الحماية الإنسانية بالدرجة الأولى، فيجب أن يقيد حق أطراف النزاع المسلح من خلال تحريم استخدام الوسائل والأساليب التي تخلف آثار تخرج عن إطار الإنسانية، أي بتعبير أخر أن تكون أحكام هذا القانون ذات طبيعة وقائية تهدف إلى حماية الإنسان وتجنيبه مخاطر العمليات العدائية التي لا يمكن تداركها ومعالجتها فيما لو وقعت.
دراسة تحليلية نقدية في ضوء تشريعات الخدمة المدنية النافذة في إقليم كوردستان العراق
Authors: محمد محمد سليم محمد أمين سليم
Published: April 2021

جاء البحث لدراسة احدى اهم الحقوق القانونية للموظف العام في اقليم كوردستان العراق, والذي نظمه قانون رواتب موظفي الدولة والقطاع العام رقم 22 لسنة 2008 المعدل النافذ والتشريعات الاخرى ذات الصلة النافذة في الاقليم, وهو الحق في الترفيع بوصفه احد الحقوق المالية والمعنوية للموظف العام, حيث سلط الضوء على قرار ايقاف العمل بالنظام القانوني للترفيع بقرار صادر من قبل السلطة التنفيذية في الاقليم, وهو القرار الاداري المرقم (11) لسنة 2016 الصادر من وزارة المالية والاقتصاد في الاقليم, واستنتجت الدراسة عدم مشروعية القرار المذكور وخاصة من حيث عيب عدم الاختصاص الجسيم الذي ينحدر بالقرار الى درجة الانعدام, ذلك انه تضمن اعتداء صريحا وواضحا على السلطة التشريعية من قبل السلطة التنفيذية, كما نجم عن القرار ولا يزال اثار سلبية على الوظيفة العامة واداء الموظف العام في الاقليم , واقترحت الدراسة بضرورة الغاء القرار المذكور, ووجوب تعويض الموظفين الذين تضرروا من ذلك القرار, وضرورة سن قانون موحد للخدمة المدنية في الاقليم يتضمن في طياته كافة انظمة الخدمة المدنية وبضمنها الترفيع, بما يضمن كافة حقوق موظفي الاقليم واستتبابا للعدالة الوظيفية التي ينشدها جميع الموظفين في الاقليم
مظاهر تدخل قاضي العقد في تنفيذ العقود الإدارية وإنهائها في القانون الفرنسي
Authors: إسماعيل علي يونس
Published: April 2021

تتناول هذه الدراسة موضوعاً حيوياً من مواضيع القانون الإداري، وهو موضوع تدخل قاضي العقد في تنفيذ العقود الإدارية من خلال دعاوى القضاء الكامل التي ترفع بشأن منازعات العقود الإدارية.  هذا التدخل الذي يسمح بفرض الجزاء المناسب على المخالفات العقدية وصولاً للتنفيذ الصحيح للعقد.

وتبدأ الدراسة بتناول المظهر الأول لتدخل القاضي وهو التدخل غير المباشر، وذلك من خلال دعوى المسؤولية العقدية اولاً، ودعوى تفسير العقد ثانياً. اما المظهر الثاني فيتصل بالتدخل المباشر للقاضي الإداري في التنفيذ، وإحتمال إصداره أمراً لأطراف العقد. والأمر الذي يصدره القاضي يمكن ان يكون على شكل عقوبة. أو على شكل إصدار أمر لأحد الاطراف في العقد للقيام بفعل أو عمل، ومثاله الأمر الذي يوجهه القاضي لتصحيح أحد بنود العقد.

واخيراً تناولت الدراسة مسألة سلطة القاضي بشأن إنهاء العقد الإداري مظهراً ثالثاً من مظاهر تدخله في تنفيذ العقد، والسلطات التي يملكها بشان إنهاء العقد أو الإستمرار في تنفيذه إذا تقدم أحد الأطراف بطلب الإنهاء بسبب إخلال الطرف بأحد إجراءات التنفيذ
المسؤولية المدنية لشركات التبغ عن أضرار التدخين
Authors: محمد فاطمة نجم
Published: April 2021

تعد منتجات التبغ بكافة انواعها مضرة بالصحة العامة , لذا فقد اولت التشريعات اهتماماً بالغاً في تنظيم عملية انتاج وتوزيع التبغ سواء على مستوى التشريع الوطني ام الدولي, على النحو الذي يحقق الحماية القانونية لتلك المنتجات , لذا فأن اقامة المسؤولية المدنية لشركات التبغ نتيجة الضرر الذي يلحق بالمدخن الايجابي والسلبي اثارت خلافاً فقهياً نظراً لخصوصية عمل تلك الشركات , كما ان الفقه اختلف في الطبيعة القانونية لمسؤولية شركات التبغ بين المسؤولية العقدية والتقصيرية على النحو الذي يمكن المدخن المضرور من الحصول على حقه في التعويض .
GIDA REKLAMLARININ 4-6 YAŞ ÇOCUKLARININ BESLENMESİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ (İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: SÖNMEZKALE Seren
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Gıda reklamlarının 4-6 yaş çocuklarının beslenmesi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. İstanbul ili Kadıköy İlçesinde izin alınan ana okullarındaki tüm çocukların velilerine anket uygulanmıştır. Velilerin % 92,8i kadındır. Çocukların % 55,4 ü çocuk kanalları izlemekte, % 38,6 sı televizyonda reklam izlememekte, % 28,9 u da en fazla oyuncak reklamı izlemektedir. Çocukların % 56,6 sı TV den reklamları izlemekte, % 37,3 ü de insan karakteri içeren çizgi kahramanları sevmektedir. Ankete katılan velilerde ortalama yaş 36, çocuk yaşı 4,6, çocuk boyu 107,84 cm, çocuk kilosu 18 kg ve ortalama TV izleme süresi 75,74 dakika olarak bulunmuştur. Anne eğitim düzeyi ile çocukların sahip olduğu beslenme kuralları arasında pozitif bir ilişki vardır. Anne eğitim düzeyi ile çocukların TV izleme süresi arasında ilişkinin de anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır ( p=0,026 < 0,05 ).
KORONAVİRÜS (COVID-19)’ÜN SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ÇETİN Burhan , DENİZ Duygu , GEMLİK Nilay , YARAR Onur
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemisinin sağlık çalışanları üzerindeki muhtemel etkilerinin tespit edilmesidir. Bu tespiti yaparken Türkiye'nin sağlık haber portalı şeklinde isimlendirilen Medimagazin sitesindeki haberler içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Nitel türde yapılan bu araştırmada tarama yöntemi kullanılmış, ilgili literatürün yanı sıra Medimagazin haber sitesi incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme COVID-19 pandemisinin sağlık çalışanları üzerinde oluşturduğu muhtemel etkilerinin Medimagazin sağlık haberleri içerisinden taranması ile yapılacak olan içerik analizine dayanmaktadır. Araştırma Türkiye'nin sağlık haber portalı olarak isimlendirilen Medimagazin sitesindeki 10.03.2020 ile 10.05.2020 tarihleri arasında yayımlanan haberler incelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırma neticesinde bu haberler arasında 224 tanesinin sağlık çalışanları ile ilgili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Böylece bu 224 haberin içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Bu haber metinlerinde COVID-19 pandemisinin sağlık çalışanları üzerine çok sayıda olumlu ve olumsuz etki olduğu bulgularına rastlanmıştır. Sağlık çalışanları, COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinden gerek mesleki hayatları gerekse de sosyal hayatları açısında çok fazla etkilenmişlerdir. Bu etkiler sonucunda sağlık çalışanlarının hem mesleki hayatlarında hem de sosyal hayatlarında değişimler olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
THE MODERATOR ROLE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING PERFORMANCE IN THE EFFECT OF MANAGERS AUTONOMY ON STRATEGIC CONTROL: A RESEARCH IN KONYA ORGANİZED INDUSTRIAL ZONE
Authors: ERDEM Ahmet Tuncay
Published: April 2021

This study's main purpose is to determine whether "strategic planning performance" has a moderator function in the effect of manager autonomy, which is a positive manager behavior, on strategic control. In this study, whether strategic planning performance has a moderator role in the effect of manager autonomy on strategic control is tried to be answered. According to the quantitative research method and relational scanning model, the research is structured, one of the general scanning models. The data required to test the research hypotheses were collected according to the convenience sampling technique, and statistical analyzes were made on the collected data using AMOS and SPSS programs. According to the findings obtained from the research data analysis, it was determined that managers' autonomy behaviors have positive effects on strategic control, and strategic planning performance has a significant effect on strategic control. On the other hand, it has been determined that strategic planning performance does not have a moderator function in the effect of manager autonomy on strategic control. In organizations where manager autonomy is high, strategic control also increases, and at the same time, strategic planning performance strengthens strategic control. On the other hand, it is seen that strategic planning performance does not affect the interaction between manager autonomy and strategic control. These results show that managers who can make autonomous decisions can ensure stability and control in the organization, while control also improves performance.
Ethno-communal crisis and its implication on food security and business activities in Nigeria
Authors: Ojong Felix E. , Agba A. M. Ogaboh , Njirinze Chinenye J. , Angioha Pius U.
Published: April 2021

This assessed available information on the effect of ethno-communal crisis on food security and business activities in Nigeria. Literature was reviewed according to the variables raised in the study. The study adopted Eco-violence theory for the study. The survey design was used in the study. Four hundred (400) participants from Yakurr Local Government Area of Cross River State were selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data was gathered from respondents using a structured questionnaire. Results revealed that ethno-communal crisis has a significant impact on food security and business activities. It was recommended that the government, in collaboration with traditional rulers, should set up well-defined boundaries between communities.
ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS AMONG IX STANDARD STUDENTS IN TRICHY DISTRICT
Authors: Dr. A. Edward William Benjamin  , P.Murugaraju
Published: April 2021

Acquiring Mathematics knowledge is an important factor in the achievement of the students. Learning Mathematics provides students with skill to analyze, explain, predict and find methodological solution to the problems they might face. Same students may have poor capacity to catch which may be due to several factors such as family background, economic status, education of the parents etc. Individual difference also play vital role in learning Mathematics. Achievement in Mathematics differs from type of schools, gender and locality etc. The present article aims at assessing the achievement in Mathematics among IX standard students in Trichy District. A survey method has been adopted with 90 samples from various type of schools. The investigator collected achievement score of Mathematics of IX standard students from selected schools. By applying proper statistical techniques it is proved that there is significant different in the study. KEY WORDS: Achievement, Mathematics, IX Standard Students
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE OF B.ED. STUDENTS
Authors: Mrs.V.Gnanaselvi  , Dr. Edward William Benjamin
Published: April 2021

The role of Environmental education is perceived as one that would generate awareness and provide opportunities to gain knowledge, attitudes and skills which are required to protect and improve the environment. This study examines Academic Achievement in Environmental Science of B.Ed.students, with reference to their Gender, Stream of Subjects and Qualification. The Academic Achievement in environmental science was collected from the respective colleges. The results of the present study reflect that there is no significant relationship with respect to Gender, there exist significant relationship in Academic Achievement of Environmental science between Arts and Science students and Undergraduate and Postgraduates student. KEYWORDS: Environmental science, Academic achievement, B.Ed. students.
POPULATION PATTERN AND HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN RELATION TO BIO-PHYSICOCHEMICAL WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN THE NAGA RIVER
Authors: Mariel R. Estrella
Published: April 2021

Rapid population growth and urbanization over the years has put pressure on natural resources threatening various fragile ecosystems. Naga river in the Philippines became a mute witness to the adverse effects of human activities on its waters. The present study took into account the waste management practices of households along the Naga river to elucidate its relation to the bio-physicochemical state of the river. The comparative analysis of water quality assessment data indicates that there is an observable deterioration of water quality due to its decreased level of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and above normal pH level. This can be attributed to the continued practice of the households of throwing and discharging 34% and 78% of their solid and liquid wastes, respectively, directly into the river. However, there is a trend of improvement in the Naga river's water quality in terms of other parameters. The study also revealed that the size of built up areas and the household population along the Naga river is not necessarily proportional. Land use and the large household population along the Naga river was found to have higher adverse impacts on the water quality and current state of the Naga river. KEYWORDS: Naga River, water quality, waste management, community survey
IMPACT OF BEHAVIOURAL BIASES IN CHOOSING INVESTMENT AVENUES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: Rachit Agarwal
Published: April 2021

The behaviour of an individual investor is expansively influenced by different biases that came into limelight in the rising regulation of behaviour finance. In finance, behavioural finance is the latest regulation that studies the cognitive psychology of the decisions that are taken by an individual related to money. The theory of standard economic had evolved this in its response and it has the ability to presume that people are sensible, prefers low risks investments and maximises their profits. In real time scenario it is seen that people are not that sensible when they make their decisions during the investment process. There are different behavioral biases factors that influence the investors while choosing their investment avenues. The objective of the study is to know the behavioural factors that affect the decision of the Investors and their impact on the investor in choosing the investment avenues. A sample of 273 respondents were taken in which Investors from different sector were surveyed with the help of standard questionnaire. Mean and t test was used to get appropriate results. It is found that there are different behavioral factors such as mood, emotional, heuristic, personality and overconfidence that influence the investors while making his investments and all the behavioural biases has a significant impact on the process of choosing the investment avenues. KEYWORDS: Behavioural Biases, Behavioural Finance, Investment Avenues, Investors.
THE ROLE OF FINANCE IN OUR LIVES
Authors: Shahbaz Khalid
Published: April 2021

The article presents a comprehensive economics and financial analysis that plays a critical role in all areas of life. It plays an important role in individual resilience. This study includes financial and economical planning factors, revenue analysis, investment risk and financial forecasting. It includes budgeting, spending and saving. Healthy finances simply emphasize many of the goals of my life because healthy investments keep my daily stress level low, allow me to focus on doing other things, and open up opportunities to move forward. In other words, having the right level of financial success is one of the factors I measure in my life. How your financial skills help you understand how much you earn, what your monthly expenses are, and how it helps you budget for that income. The concept is that the sensitivity of investment to investment should be measured taking into account the amount of solid assets that can be used as collateral. High-level firms in the capital had high levels of investment sensitivity during the pre-crisis crisis, while post-crisis firms were less sensitive to cash flow when investing. Finance involves managing finances. KEYWORDS: finance, importance of finance, learning finance, finance and accounting, life with finance, recognizing finance, roles of finance
ПОРУШЕННЯ МІНЕРАЛЬНОГО ОБМІНУ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ХРОНІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ НИРОК І СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННИМИ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМИ
Authors: Moyseyenko Valentyna , Medvedyev Taras
Published: April 2021

Вступ. Відомо, що пацієнти з ХХН частіше вмирають від серцево-су-динних причин, ніж від ниркової недостатності. У цих хворих майже в 20разів вище ризик кардіоваскулярних подій (КВП) [6]. Крім того, навіть дляпацієнтів із ХХН, що не потребують ниркової замісної терапії, рівень роз-витку КВП набагато вище, ніж у пацієнтів, що досягають термінальної стадіїниркової недостатності і вимагають ниркової замісної терапії.Мета. Вивчити паралелі порушення мінерального обміну у хворих зхронічною хворобою нирок та серцево-судинними захворюваннями.Матеріали і методи. Огляд сучасних та зарубіжних джерел, аналіз таобговорення конкретного клінічного випадку; методики – опис, аналіз, ре-ферування.Результати та їх обговорення. Наведено і проаналізовано пору-шення мінерального обміну, зокрема кальцієво-фосфорного гомеостазу,належать до важливих ускладнень, що виникають на ранніх стадіях хро-нічної хвороби нирок і прогресують із погіршанням функції нирок. У низцідосліджень останніх років доведено, що вищі або нижчі від цільових рівніпаратгормону (ПТГ), Са, Р, Са*Р продукту тісно корелюють зі зростаннямсмертності нефрологічних пацієнтів [8, 9]. Так, згідно з даними J. Floegeта ін. (2011), у пацієнтів із V стадією ХХН та рівнем ПТГ більше 600 пг/млризик смертності зростає вдвічі порівняно з пацієнтами, в яких рівень ПТГзнаходиться в цільових межах [8]. У дослідженнях Levin et al. показано, щопоширеність вторинного гіперпаратиреозу (ВГПТ) серед пацієнтів із III–Vстадіями ХХН становить 56% [10].Висновки. У пацієнтів, які перебувають на діалізі, наявні порушення мі-нерального обміну, зокрема, кальцію і фосфору. Ці порушення призводятьдо надмірного вмісту фосфатів. Інгібування цих компенсаційних механізмівпотребує подальшого вивчення, оскільки відіграє важливу роль у профілак-тиці кардіоваскулярних ускладнень у хворих з хронічною хворобою нирок.
CARDIORENAL SYNDROME: THE REVIEW OF CURRENT UNDERSTANDING
Authors: Aslam Omur
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The kidneys and heart rely on each other to function properly. For the kidneys to function, they require adequate blood flow, oxygen delivery and nutrients. If heart failure develops, cardiac output is reduced, which results in decreased renal blood flow, which can lead to reversible and sometimes irreversible kidney damage. For the heart to function, regulation of extracellular volume is required. If the extracellular volume is too low, the volume of blood is insufficient to maintain cardiac output, and if the extracellular volume is too large, fluid leaks out of the capillaries, resulting in edema.Purpose. To study the relationship of the dynamic balance of the “kidney-heart” system in health and disease.Material and methods. Review of modern and foreign literary sources; methods – description, analysis, abstracting.Results and its discussion. 5 forms of cardiorenal syndrome, peculiarities of classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, dynamics of imbalance in the “kidney-heart” system, issues of correction of these disorders are analyzed. They include the treatment of kidney diseases and cardiovascular pathology, prevention of the development of cardiovascular failure in accordance with modern recommendations; diet; quitting smoking, alcohol, nephrotoxic substances; control of body weight, blood pressure, glycemia; the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists or angiotensin receptor blockers, statins; decrease in intra-abdominal pressure and others.Findings. Approaches to the prevention and treatment of cardiorenal syndrome in patients with kidney and heart damage are important. It is necessary to develop and introduce new approaches to nephroprotection in patients with cardiorenal syndrome, which is possible with the joint work of a multidisciplinary team.