bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensuring sustainable development of agriculture through the use of regenerative technologies
Authors: Koreva O V , Tikhii V I , Goncharova E A
Published: April 2022

Environmental problems in agricultural production, aggravated by the deterioration of the nutrition structure of the population due to the growing consumption of low-quality products and environmentally polluted products, encourage the search for new approaches and management methods. An effective method of solving problems can be the introduction of innovations in the production of agricultural products based on the use of regenerative technologies. The article shows that meat production produces up to a quarter of all carbon emissions of greenhouse gases. It is proposed to use regenerative methods of agricultural production to reduce the impact on the environment. The study of these issues is relevant, since ecological agriculture is more stable during the crisis, and its development can contribute to the growth of related industries.
Stormwater management in cities: the way to protect geocomponents from the pollution
Authors: Kostina A A , Vladimirova A A , Basamykina A N , Kameristaya M A
Published: April 2022

This article highlights existing stormwater drainage problems. This article analyzes existing problems and proposes methods to improve the functioning of cities’ surface water drainage system. The stormwater drainage system is an integral part of the water supply and sanitation system and is designed for surface wastewater for diversion, subsequent contamination treatment, and discharge into the water body. Most cities in Russia are in a zone of excessive moisture, that is, areas where the moisture flow to the surface in the form of precipitation exceeds its flow through runoff and evaporation, which leads to the importance of adequately arranged sewage in urban areas. The lack of a competent approach to storm drainage construction is the main problem, requiring design solutions and measures to ensure runoff diversion in underdeveloped underground drainage systems.
Microbiological activity of soddy-podzolic soil contaminated with oil, against the background of the use of biological products
Authors: Gamzaeva R S , Khodzhaev R S
Published: April 2022

The aim of the research was to study the features of the influence of various concentrations of oil on the dynamics of the activity of the microflora of sod-podzolic soil and the residual amount of oil products when using biological products based on oil-oxidizing microorganisms. The article examines the dynamics of the number and composition of such physiological groups of microorganisms as heterotrophs, micromycetes, actinomycetes, cellulolytic. As a result of the studies, the following features were revealed: 1. low oil concentrations stimulate the number of all studied microorganisms; 2. micromycetes are the most resistant to oil pollution; 3. the most sensitive to the pollutant are actinomycetes and cellulite microorganisms. It was found that the biological activity of oil-contaminated soil correlated with the residual amount of oil products. The destruction of oil products is more intensive in the rhizosphere of wheat.
Forestry in north-taiga forest region of the European part of the Russian Federation
Authors: Surina E A
Published: April 2022

In the presented article, an assessment of forestry activities is carried out and a forecast of the state of forests until 2030 in the north-taiga forest region of the European part of the Russian Federation is presented. Submitted the substantiated proposals in terms of ensuring the use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests
Correlations of traits of the flower, leaf and fruit of Sargent’s apple tree (Malus sargentii Rehd.)
Authors: Aniskina T S , Donskih V G , Simakhin M V , Kryuchkova V A
Published: April 2022

Malus sargentii Rehd. is a highly ornamental species, also used as a pollinator in industrial gardens. The species remains poorly studied. There are no data in the literature on the conjugation of the traits of flowers, fruits, and leaves. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to clarify the presence of correlations between traits for further selection. The object of the study is Sargent’s apple tree. 6 flower traits, 6 fruit parameters and 9 leaf traits are described. It was found that out of 210 correlation coefficients, 27 coefficients are reliable. 3 pleiades of signs were revealed: fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit length; leaf blade length, leaf length; length of the right stipule, width of the right stipules, width of the left stipules. An inverse correlation was found between the length of the filament and the width of the leaf in the middle of the leaf blade (r=-0.68). The parameters of the fruit are closely related to the characteristics of the flower: the thickness of the pedicel correlates with the length of the filament (r=0.58), the length of the fruit (r=0.59), the diameter of the fruit (r=0.64), and the width of the right stipule (r=0.53) with the leaf characteristic. ). The number of flowers in the corymb is related to the length of the pedicel (r=0.60), and there is also a relationship between fruit weight and fruit length (r=0.61).
Generalized assessment of the technical characteristics of agricultural machinery based on multi-criteria analysis
Authors: Dimitrov V P , Borisova L V
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the data of a comprehensive analysis of the technical characteristics of grain throwers based on multi-criteria analysis using two assessment methods - the generalized Harrington desirability function and the hierarchy analysis method. Four alternatives to grain throwers are considered. For each alternative, the values of 15 particular desirability criteria were calculated. As a result of the convolution of particular criteria, the best alternative is determined. The weightings of the criteria are determined. The vectors of local priorities are calculated. Comparative assessments of alternatives based on two methods are presented.
Monitoring of forest fires and their consequences
Authors: Anisimov S E , Tsarev E M , Rukomojnikov K P , Gilyazova T A , Anisimov N S , Anisimov I S
Published: April 2022

In this article a main attention given to the method of analyzing the state of forest areas by video surveillance. In particular, variants of devices for mounting video equipment on tree trunks are presented. The proposed technical solutions are one of the components in increasing the efficiency of monitoring forest areas. Together with the existing technical and technological devices used to solve the problem, they increase the quality of tracking possible forest fires, can be used to monitor the quantitative characteristics, species composition and dynamics of the reproduction of wild animals in the forest environment. The offered devices are easy to manufacture, lightweight and compact.
Growth and development of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under light culture conditions
Authors: Kondratev V M , Osipova G S , Kiselev M V
Published: April 2022

The article studies the growth and development of three varieties of tomato when grown under conditions of complete light culture with a lighting power of 175±15 µmol/m2/s. The passage of phenological phases by tomato varieties corresponded to the inherent genetic potential. The Andreyka variety has formed larger leaves, compared to cultivation in protected ground. Variety Demidov formed powerful and highly leafy plants. Variety Stepanna formed medium leafy plants with medium leaves. At a lighting power of 175±15 µmol/m2/s, tomato varieties formed more leafy plants with larger leaves compared to plants grown in protected ground, which is a response to lighting conditions.
Vegetable oils as effective additives and replacements of diesel fuel in agriculture machinery engines
Authors: Devianin S N , Bijaev A V , Chumakov V L , Oshchepkov O P , Kapustin A V
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of experimental studies of possible partial replacement of traditional diesel fuel by biofuel. The term biofuel refers to a mixture of diesel fuel with vegetable oils such as palm or peanut oils. The optimal supply of vegetable oils is determining under conditions of preservation or deterioration of diesel engine performance in the range of 5 … 8%. The experiments suppose a diesel engine operation without any interfering within design or regulation of the diesel engine and its fuel equipment. Hydrogen peroxide or kerosene is used to improve the physicochemical properties of vegetable oils. It has been found that under these constraints, the optimal supply of palm oil is 20%. In case of peanut oil, experimentally found that its volume part in biofuel can be increased up to 40%. To provide an equal density and viscosity of the biofuel and the base diesel fuel 30% of diesel fuel were replaced by kerosene. In the range of low and medium engine loads, an emission of main toxic components of nitrogen oxides NOx, emission of solid carbon particles with exhaust gas C, carbon oxides changes insignificantly, and even decreases. The concentration of unburned hydrocarbons is significantly reduced. At engine loads above 50% for peanut oil and 75% for palm oil biofuels, presumably due to worse mixture formation, there is a sharp decrease in nitrogen oxide emissions and an increase in carbon monoxide concentrations.
Communities with Ulmus macrocarpa Hance in Eastern Transbaikaliye
Authors: Vikulina N A , Kayukova S N , Ishina L A
Published: April 2022

The article presents the data of long-term studies of communities with U. macrocarpa in Eastern Transbaikalye, in particular, the results of anatomical studies, floristic, ecological and biological, biomorphological and arealogical analysis of the flora of elms.
The environmental risk assessment of urban soils pollution with trace elements in the Arkhangelsk industrial agglomeration
Authors: Nikitina M V , Gerasimov A S , Popova L F , Gerasimova L V , Evdokimova V P
Published: April 2022

In this paper, an ecological and economic approach is proposed to assess the environmental risks of soil pollution in the Arkhangelsk industrial agglomeration, where the most important indicator of risk is the amount of probable damage. Based on the total content of trace metals in the surface soil layer, the degree of the ecological risk, the probability of further pollution, and the magnitude of the probable damage have been determined. It was found that Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk and Novodvinsk soils are characterized by a weak degree of ecological risk for most sample plots with the probability of further contamination from 20 to 40%.
Disk type planter of potato planter
Authors: Latypov R M
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the issues of ensuring the uniformity of the layout of potato tubers during planting, a disk-type planting device is proposed, and the movement of a potato tuber relative to the planting device of a potato planter is investigated. The results of calculations are obtained from the moment the tuber hits the drum until it falls on the soil, and the equation for the movement of the center of mass of the tuber relative to the disk-type planter is presented. It was found that an increase in the radius of the tuber by 2 mm increases the distance of the center of mass of the tubers by 8 mm at a fixed angle between the disks a=30 deg.
Regional aspect of digitalization of the agricultural sector in modern conditions
Authors: Starykh S A , Perepelkin I G , Raspopin D I , Kuzmicheva I G
Published: April 2022

Digitalization of agriculture is necessary to improve the efficiency and sustainability of its functioning through radical changes in the quality of management of both technological processes and decision-making processes at all levels of the hierarchy, based on modern ways of production and further use of information on the state and forecasting of possible changes in managed elements and subsystems, as well as economic conditions in agriculture. The world practice and experience of successful domestic agricultural producers show that the application of modern digital technologies allows to form optimal soil-agro-technical and organizational-territorial conditions, ensuring during the whole life cycle of agricultural products a significant increase in yield and productivity, reduction of material costs for fuel and lubricants, electricity, plant protection products, labor and other types of expenses, conservation of soil fertility and environmental protection. However domestic producers of agricultural products and foodstuffs lag behind agricultural producers of countries with developed agroindustrial complex in such significant indicators as labor productivity, crop yields etc. due to the long absence of conditions for investments and the low level of provision with modern information technologies existing at the moment. This article examines the current state and directions of development of the digitalization of the agricultural sector of Kursk region. The problems of digitalization of the agroindustrial complex are identified, and the key directions of digitalization of agriculture are described.
Comparative analysis of weeds species composition in the crops of spring soft wheat cultivated using organic and intensive technologies (on the example of Altai Krai)
Authors: Zavalishin S I , Kosachev I A , Chernyshkov O V , Sokolova L V
Published: April 2022

In this research, we investigated the comparative analysis of weeds species composition in the crops of spring soft wheat cultivated using organic and intensive technologies (on the example of Altai Krai) in 2019-2020. On average, over two years, the intensive technology of growing spring wheat has shown better results than the organic one. So, weediness in crops with organic technology was 4 times higher than with intensive technology. Annual monocotyledonous prevailed 133.2 psc/m2 (organic technology), with intensive technology there were 98.4 psc/m2 less. Without the use of chemicals for plant protection and fertilization, in our experience, not only there were more weeds, but this directly influenced the yield of this crop.
The firefighting soil-thrower for laying mineralized strips and extinguishing wildfires
Authors: Tsarev E M , Anisimov S E , Rukomojnikov K P , Gilyazova T A , Anisimov N S , Anisimov I S
Published: April 2022

The article provides satellite monitoring of the fire situation in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Mari El. The methods of fighting forest fires are indicated. Particular attention is paid to the use of soil for the direct fight against forest fires by throwing it with special devices (firefighting soilthrow machine), which are perspective, especially when extinguishing low forest fires. The design of a firefighting soilthrow machine for extinguishing forest fires by creating (laying) mineralized strips and filling the edge of a moving fire with soil (low fires) is proposed.
Polymorphism of the leaf and fruit of the Sargent’s apple tree (Malus sargentii Rehd) under the conditions of Sakhalin and the Moscow region
Authors: Donskih V G , Aniskina T S , Ladyzhenskaya O V , Kryuchkova V A
Published: April 2022

The article summarizes the materials on the assessment of the variability of the characteristics of the Sargent’s apple tree (Malus sargentii), which is widely used in breeding, is a donor of immunity to scab and powdery mildew, and is also used in ornamental horticulture. The objects of study are the leaves and fruits of the Sargent apple tree, collected in the botanical garden on Sakhalin and in Moscow. The polymorphism score of 10 quantitative traits of the flower and fruit was determined by calculating the coefficients of variation. It was found that in both regions, leaf length, leaf blade length, stalk length, fruit length and fruit diameter have very low polymorphism (7-15%). The length of the petiole and the number of fruits in the corymb in samples from Sakhalin has an increased variation (31.4% and 25.5%, respectively), while in samples from Moscow, these indicators are medium (19.2%) and low (14.3%) polymorphism. Analysis of variance revealed a significant influence of the region of growth on the leaf length (the share of the influence of the conditions of the region is 71%), the length of the leaf blade (56%), the maximum width of the leaf (68%), the petiole length (28%), fruit weight (77%), fruit length (81%), fruit diameter (54%). By comparing pairwise differences with the least significant difference (LSD05), it was found that the samples from Sakhalin have significantly greater leaf length, leaf blade length, petiole length, while significantly less than the maximum leaf width, fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, as well as the number fruit in a shield.
Application of water-saving technologies for cotton irrigation in the Lower Volga region
Authors: Khodiakov E A , Milovanov S G , Popov R U , Bondarenko K V
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of research in 2019-2020 in the south of Russia. There were 4 options for irrigation and 4 doses of fertilization to obtain a yield of 2 to 5 t/ha of raw cotton with different irrigation methods. It was found that a maintenance of the Soil Pre-Irrigation Moisture (SPIM) 75-75-70 % of Full Moisture Capacity (FMC) together with the doses of fertilizer N140P60K45 made it possible to achieve the minimum Irrigation Water Expenses (IWE) of 463 and 269 m3 and the Total Water Consumption (Water Total Consumption Coefficient – WTCC) of 664 and 456 m3 to obtain 1 ton of raw cotton, achieving the yield of 4.32 and 4.49 t/ha, respectively, with sprinkling and drip irrigation. An increase of the fertilizer doses to N175P75K56 contributed to rise of yield to 5.28 and 5.41 t/ha, simultaneously reducing IWE the to 378 and 224, and WTCC - to 543 and 379 m3/t. Compared to furrow irrigation, the use of sprinkling and drip irrigation made it possible to reduce IWE by 37.0 and 73.7 %, WTCC - by 47.4 and 63.7 %, increasing the yield of raw cotton to 38.0 and 43.5 %.
New solutions in the horticultural industry
Authors: Kondratieva O V , Fedorov A D , Slinko O V , Voytyuk V A , Alekseeva S A
Published: April 2022

The paper discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of the production of fruits and berries, which largely depends on the level of automation and digitalization of manufacturing processes. Due to the lack of serial domestic dedicated machines fitted with the automation of a number of planting, care and harvesting operations in horticulture, Russian farmers are forced to purchase and use foreign equipment. Many foreign companies that are manufacturers of agricultural machinery use current technological solutions in their projects, such as artificial intelligence, computer vision, data analysis, etc. From seventy to eighty percent of foreign agricultural machines are equipped with sensors and automatic systems. Robotic tools are used to pick fruits and berries such as common garden strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) and hautbois strawberry (Fragaria moschata). At the same time, the robot can find fruits, determine the degree of ripeness, carefully pick and place them into a container. Russian companies are beginning to actively introduce digital technology in the development of modern technical means, including those intended for horticulture. An urgent area in the development of digital technology in agriculture is the use of mobile applications that allow reducing the cost of production, overdue, etc. Mobile online applications can contain the coordinates of fields, types of crops planted, data from past harvests and recommendations for subsequent operations taking into account the analysis of many current factors. The applications combine data from sensors of agricultural machinery, drones, satellites, etc. Field navigators allow for the use of precision farming technology even in poor visibility conditions. Artificial intelligence-based programs offer solutions, recommendations and consultations.
Allelopathic effect of weed extracts on vegetable seeds
Authors: Egushova E A , Anokhina O V
Published: April 2022

Protection of cultivated agricultural crops from weeds is one of the most important tasks of soil management as a science. Weed control is mainly dependent on the use of synthetic herbicides. The treatment of crops with herbicides inhibits and destroys not only weeds, but inhibits the growth and development of cultivated plants, and also affects the safety of crop production. Weed growth can be suppressed by the plants’ allelopathic effects. As a form of plant interaction in plant cenoses, allelopathy is a cycle of physiologically active substances (colins), which regulate internal and external relationships, renewal, development and change of vegetation cover in biogeocenosis. In agrophytocenosis, both cultivated and weed plants can be donors of physiologically active substances. The article presents the results of studies on the allelopathic effect of weeds on the germination energy and laboratory germination of beet and carrot seeds. It was found that extracts from Capsella bursa-pastoris Medic and Sonchus arvensis L. had the maximum inhibitory effect on the germination of carrot seeds at a concentration of 10%. An average allelopathic activity on the beet seeds’ germination energy was produced by extracts from Sonchus arvensis L. at concentrations of 5% and 10%. Seed germination ranged from 50.5 to 65.0% depending on crop varieties.
Problems of introducing the results of scientific achievements into environmental protection and nature restoration activities (on the example of nanodispersed colloidal magnetorheological systems)
Authors: Kovarda V V , Laptev R A , Bukreeva T N
Published: April 2022

The article reviews the examples of the potential use of the nanotechnology achievements in environmental protection and nature restoration activities, in particular, the possibility of cleaning up oil spills at sea during transportation. The introduction of magnetic levitation effect in technology can bring potential benefits for solving environmental issues. It is noted that this method was recognized as economically ineffective. The study concludes that the predominance of the economic factor over environmental aspects can lead to neglection of progressive approaches and serious changes in the ecosystem. As a result, the expected short-term positive effect can be offset by long-term negative natural consequences. The authors propose to focus on nature conservation and restoration activities, and to analyse achievements and proposals in this area with a predominance of a long-term environmental perspectives.
Sorption filtration of organic microdrops in a hydrocyclone
Authors: Lamskova M I , Filimonov M I , Novikov A E , Novikov A I
Published: April 2022

It is developed a construction of a hydrocyclone with sorption filter elements, providing effective purification of irrigation water from mechanical impurities and microdrops of organic pollutants. Increasing the efficiency of water purification from various types impurities is achieved due to a larger working area of the sorption filter, varying the structure of the sorption filter by changing the number of filter layers and the distance between the layers depending on the organic pollutants nature, increasing the resource of the sorption filter and reducing the downtime of the hydrocyclone for regeneration with replacement of the sorption filter with a replaceable one. The geometric parameters of the designed hydrocyclone have been determined by the calculation method for capacity 3.5 m3/h: D = 100 mm, din = 32 mm and ddrain = 40 mm. As a sorbing material, it was adopted a carbon fiber sorbent made of viscose technical thread with carbonation, the total sorption capacity of which was 20.9 g/g.
Increasing the state regulation efficiency of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Parkhomchuk M A , Sentishcheva E A , Kuzmina V M , Golovin A A
Published: April 2022

To date the implementation of effective agro-industrial land use programs to a certain extent is situational in nature with insufficient use of complexity and systematic management. The purpose is to analyze the current situation in the agro-industrial development of the Russian Federation in order to determine further ways to improve the regulation of this industry by the state. Methods. The research materials are based on a set of economic methods: abstract-logical, analytical, computational-constructive, economic-statistical. The information basis of the study was made up of empirical materials from the official website of Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation), the results of monographic and economic research and scientific institutions. Results. The assessment of state regulation of the agricultural sector of the country’s economy in terms of achieving effective results is the result of achieving or exceeding the set values in state programs, such as the country’s Food Security Doctrine. Conclusions. Based on the changes that will have the strongest impact for the development of the agricultural sector of the country’s economy, it is necessary to implement the following motivational directions for the innovative development of this industry: cost reduction and risk minimization based on new goals, achieving leadership in the industry, maintaining competitiveness, as well as creating new products for the market.
Change in the content of Pb and Cd mobile compounds in sod-podzolic soil at application increasing doses of mineral fertilizers
Authors: Cheglakova O A , Shikhova L N
Published: April 2022

Results are presented of study of seasonal dynamics of lead and cadmium mobile compounds content in arable sod-podzolic soils of long stationary trial on application of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers. The studies revealed that the concentrations of mobile compounds of elements in the soil are insignificant and do not exceed MAC and background concentrations; this fact indicates the absence of anthropogenic contamination of the studied arable soils. During the growing seasons of two years of observation, the content of mobile Pb changed from 0.08 to 1.03 mg/kg in the first year and from 1.34 to 3.10 mg/kg in the second. The content of mobile Cd was from 0.04 to 0.10 mg/kg in the first and from 0.02 to 0.05 mg/kg in the second year of observation, respectively. During the growing season, the content of mobile forms of elements was very dynamic. The maximum content of mobile lead was characteristic of the initial phase of the growing season (end of May - June) at the most favorable combination of hydrothermal factors. Clear reliable patterns in changing the content of mobile forms of cadmium during the season were not revealed. The application of increasing doses of fertilizers leads to an increase in the acidity (decrease in pH) of the arable layer of soils. However, the influence of this factor on the dynamics and content of lead and cadmium was ambiguous, which indicates a complex influence of other unaccounted soil factors.
Wild berries in Tetraonidae nutrition
Authors: Yaroslavtsev A V , Obotnin S I , Kosolapova N V , Luginina E A , Egoshina T L
Published: April 2022

The study involves qualitative parameters of use of most important wild growing berries by Tetraonidae birds. Share and peculiarities of use of consumed berries varies depending on geographic conditions and types of plant communities.
Ecological and biological aspects of Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soo coenopopulations in northern taiga conditions
Authors: Bushueva Yu O , Gudovskikh Yu V , Egoshina T L , Luginina E A , Yaroslavtsev A V
Published: April 2022

Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó is rare and protected in 25 districts of Russian Federation; it is also included in the IUCN Red List of threatened species. In studied conditions populations of D. maculata are confined to herbaceous and sedge-gramineous marshy meadows of different anthropogenic disturbance. In studied communities the species is characterized by medium quantity and relatively high variability of age groups. Average age spectrum of studied coenopopulations of D. maculata is incomplete double-humped with maximum on immature plants and local peak on generative plants. It was defined that young individuals prevail in ontogenetic spectrum of D. maculata and post-generative fraction is absent. Probably, the peculiarity is one of adaptive mechanisms of the species in conditions of anthropogenic influence and ecological status of typical biotopes in the North-East of Russia. Relatively high values of demographic and morphological parameters are defined for the plants on overgrowing technogenic area with medium disturbance. According to the hemeroby parameter, D. maculata is a species capable of tolerating moderate human impact. The results obtained in studied populations of D. maculata prove favorable conditions for the species in northern taiga ecosystems exposed to moderate or significant recreational stress, as well as sufficient reserves of the species’ stability towards anthropogenic and abiotic factors. Further monitoring of D. maculata is an essential measure necessary for determining ecological-biological peculiarities and range of the species’ tolerance towards different impacts in close-to-critical environmental conditions, which will promote conservation of the populations.
Structural and mineralogical features of the Visean coal-bearing strata at the Kama coal basin
Authors: Korolev E A , Eskin A A , Barieva E R , Muzalevskaya L V , Korolev A E
Published: April 2022

The sections of the coal-bearing strata of the Visean stage of the Kama coal basin in the territory of the Tatarstan republic are considered. It has been established that a coastal-marine terrigenous complex represents the coal-bearing strata. The complex is characterized by alternation of layers of coals, claystones, siltstones and sandstones. Coals lie at the base of the section, forming seams up to 10.0 m thick. Coals are allochthonous, formed due to the denudation erosion of peat deposits on land, the transfer of peat by water flows, and their sediment on the coastal part of the sea basin with normal salinity. The Visean caustobioliths can be classified as brown coals with a low degree of metamorphism. Their composition is dominated by the fusen component with scattered inclusions of liptinite and fusinite. In terms of material and petrographic composition, caustobioliths are classified as fusen varieties of gumite coals. In terms of the content of mineral impurities, the coals are low-medium ash, sulphurous.
Modernization of technological process in agriculture using the John Deere 730 Air Disk Drill
Authors: Bulavintsev R A , Konoshin I V , Bukhvostov Yu V , Minakova I V , Bukreeva T N
Published: April 2022

The authors have shared the experience of operating the John Deere 730 Air Disk Drill coupled with the John Deere 1910 Commodity Air Cart at the Scientific and educational production center ‘Integration’ (Orel, Russia). The study gives a qualitative assessment of the operation of the seeder unit taking into account field size and shape, and proposes the technology of seed sowing at the field edges. The article presents the technical characteristics of the seeder, shows the impact of seeder operating parts on the technological process, and demonstrates the results of comparative experiments of the quality of seeding down and variation curves of the distribution of intervals in terms of planting depth. The authors have noted that the evenness of seeding depth is ensured by the special characteristics of the opener with the hydraulic reloading system. It is proven that the John Deere 730 Air Disk Drill equipped with the autopilot system allows achieving productivity up to 190 hectares per day.
Assessing the reproduction of land resources in the context of achieving food security
Authors: Golovin A A , Soklakov A A , Spitsyna A O
Published: April 2022

The article conducted a study of the level of reproduction of land resources in Russia, in the conditions of the formation of food security. It was revealed that the growth of food production in Russia leads to a decrease in the potential of agricultural land. A significant part of the land occupied by agricultural crops is not fertilized. The introduced volumes of nutrients are insufficient for either simple or extended reproduction. Volumes of fertilizers close to simple reproduction are applied to grain and leguminous crops. An increase in the application of potassium would fully allow for the simple reproduction of land occupied by grain crops. The most critical situation has developed with the lands used for growing sugar beets. The lack of nutrients led to the fact that in 2019 the earth lost more than 200 kg of nitrogen and potassium. The identified situation is a threat to both food and national security. If the current trend continues, the yield will show a downward trend, which, even if costs remain at the same level, will lead to an increase in prices, and, accordingly, to a decrease in food availability. In general, there is a pronounced situation of depletion of land resources. Instead of stimulating the introduction of fertilizers and ensuring low prices for them, the country’s leadership is stimulating food exports. This situation is similar to the export of mineral resources and timber. Grain, like oilseeds, is predominantly exported in a non-processed form, which is inherently a low value-added resource commodity. But the main thing is that soil fertility is actually exported, since the applied fertilizers do not even provide simple reproduction.
The importance of protecting potato varieties in the phytosanitary technology of the Trans-Urals
Authors: Zadvornev V A , Porsev I N , Sozinov A V , Polovnikova V V
Published: April 2022

The article examines the elements of the phytosanitary adaptive technology of potato cultivation in the conditions of the Trans-Urals. Prospective varieties of potatoes have been studied. The yield increase for new varieties varied from 3.4 t/ha Colombo to 4.9 t/ha Cavalier, due to the resistance of new varieties to diseases. The data on the protective measures taken in planting potato varieties are presented. This is the use of Akiba disinfectants (imidacloprid - 500 g/l) - 0.1 l/t and King Combi (acetamiprid + fludioxonil + cyproconazole, 100 + 34 + 8.3 g/l) - 0.4 l/t in the fight against the Colorado potato beetle and beetle larvae clickers - wireworms, and also identified the best options for integrated protection of potatoes, which made it possible to save the harvest and increase the yield from 3.9 t/ha to 9.9 t/ha for the Mia variety and from 4.0 t/ha to 11.25 t/ha for the variety Itzil. The maximum increase was found in the variants of complex protection of potatoes from pests and diseases in the conditions of the Trans-Urals. The use of new varieties and plant protection products are important elements of potato cultivation technology.
The study of the mineral composition of seeds and bean flaps in order to use as ingredients of specialized food products
Authors: Polyakova E D , Safronova O V , Evdokimova O V , Pavlikova A V , Lazareva T N , Strelnikova L V
Published: April 2022

The article contains data on the mineral composition of seeds and bean leaves of seven varieties growing in the Federal Scientific Center of Leguminous and Cereal Crops of the Oryol region. Seeds and leaves of the following bean varieties were used for the study: “Moskovskaya belaya zelenostruchkovaya”, “Shokoladnitsa”, “Nerussa”, “Grade 00-106”, “Heliada”, “Rubin” and “Dachny”. As a result of the conducted research, it was noted that the bean leaves of the varieties “Moskovskaya belaya zelenostruchkovaya”, Shokoladnitsa”, “Dachny”, “Nerussa”, “Grade 00-106”, “Heliada” and “Rubin” surpass the bean seeds in terms of sulfur, chlorine, calcium, chromium, copper and zinc.
Influence of a selenium-containing stimulant on the growth, development and yield potential of potato plants (solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Yessilbekova Ye Ye , Khosnutdinova T S , Bogdanova X O , Dolanbayeva G T , Zhakmanova Ye A
Published: April 2022

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most consumed crops in Kazakhstan. The basis for modern potato cultivation technology is the use of healthy and virus-free material. One of these methods is micropropagation of potato plants in vitro on a nutrient medium. The addition of stimulants to the nutrient medium allows for rapid and healthy plant growth. One of the effective growth stimulants is the selenium-containing drug DAFS 25. It is well known that selenium has a beneficial effect on plant growth, flowering, adaptation to changing environmental conditions and plant resistance to certain diseases. The potato variety Sante (Dutch selection) was chosen for research. This variety is characterized as medium-early, for table use, the taste is good, it has a dense peel. There is a high keeping quality during storage. The article presents the results of the influence of selenium on potato plants in vitro on such biometric indicators as the number of leaves, stem length and root length. Plants grown on a nutrient medium with different concentrations of selenium were planted in the open ground of a closed area. At the end of the growing season, the yield of each plant under study was estimated according to the following indicators: the number of tubers per plant and the mass of tubers. It has been established that selenium favorably affects the development of tubers, adaptation and survival during transplantation, as well as productivity. To exclude the negative effect of viruses on experimental plants, enzyme immunoassay was carried out twice at the beginning and at the end of the growing season. The most effective concentration of selenium on the growth and development of potato plants in vitro was revealed.
Assessment of the prospects for oil-bearing deposits of the Visean stage of the Western Zakamya region at the Tatarstan Republic
Authors: Korolev E A , Eskin A A , Barieva E R , Muzalevskaya L V , Korolev A E
Published: April 2022

The structure of geological sections of the Visean stage of small oil fields in the Western Zakamya region of the Tatarstan Republic is considered. It has been established that potentially oil-bearing deposits are carbonate-terrigenous deposits of the Tulian-Bobrikian horizon and carbonate deposits of the Aleksininian horizon. In the Tulian-Bobrikian sediments, oil deposits are localized in fine-grained quartz sandstones, the cap rocks are dense claystones. Due to the small thickness of the layers of oil-saturated sandstones, their development is not very promising. In the deposits of the Aleksininian horizon, oil deposits are localized in cavernous limestones overlain by dense diagenetic dolomites. The thickness of the oil reservoirs is 2.0-2.5 m, which allows them to be considered as potential targets for development. The presence of sulfate mineralization in the pores of reservoir rocks suggests that the oil deposits of the Aleksininian horizon are at the initial stages of waterflooding..
Areal and chemical composition of wild inulin-containing plants on the territory of RSO-Alania
Authors: Cherchesova S K , Karaeva I T , Khmelevskaya A V , Sorokopudov V N
Published: April 2022

In the presented work, an assessment of the raw material resources of the roots and rhizomes of wild inulin-containing plants of high elecampane (Inula helenium L.), greater burdock (Arctium lappa L.), medicinal dandelion (Taraxacum officianale Wigg.) was carried out, the possible annual volume of harvesting of roots and rhizomes in the territory North Ossetia-Alania. In Russia, the volumes of inulin production are small, therefore, pharmaceutical industries are forced to use more expensive imported inulin, which increases the cost of diabetic products. In this connection, the search for new sources of inulin is relevant. It has been established that the possible annual volume of blanks is 3.0-3.5 tons of dry matter. The chemical composition, the content of biologically active substances of the investigated types of inulin-containing raw materials are analyzed. It was noted that in the roots and rhizomes of elecampane, the high content of inulin is 37.0% -39.4%, in the roots of dandelion officinalis - 36.1% -37.0%, burdock - 37.2% - 38.8%. The maximum amount of phenolic compounds 7.3% was found in the roots and rhizomes of elecampane, the minimum - in the roots of burdock 5.0%. The content of pectin compounds was: 12.0% of the mass of dry matter - in high elecampane, 10.4% of the mass of dry matter - in burdock and 10.0% of the mass of dry matter - in dandelion officinalis. Some fragmentation, lack of information on a more complete chemical composition of metabolites of species of the genera burdock, dandelion and elecampane opens up wide opportunities for subsequent researchers.
Pectin-containing phytodrinks of adaptogenic action as an essential factor of development of sustainable systems of agrarian-and-food production
Authors: Donchenko L V , Limareva N S , Sokol N V , Akopyan K V , Cabos W
Published: April 2022

This article presents the results of research on samples of raw materials for the production of phytodrinks: hawthorn, Chinese lemongrass, rosehip, mountain ash, a mixture of mint and thyme leaves. The content of pectin substances, vitamins, micro and macronutrients, and the mass concentration of polyphenolic compounds were determined. Based on the obtained data, phytodrinks of the PHYTO PECTO series were developed and studied, containing liquid apple pectin, extracts from the studied fruits, stevia extract, mint and thyme leaf extract. The obtained results prove that the developed samples of phytodrinks contain a high amount of biologically active compounds and can be recommended for the diet of modern humans.
Practical assessment of agricultural tractor wheel slip using a single-frequency GNSS receiver using direct Doppler measurements
Authors: Ivanov A B , Petukhov D A
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the results of a practical study of the method for determining the slipping of the wheels of an agricultural tractor using a single-frequency GNSS receiver using the Doppler measurement method. Comparison with standard ISO 789-9 slip method.
The influence of the degree of climate continentality on the productivity of agricultural production
Authors: Molchanova N P , Letuchy A V , Morozova S V , Kondakov K S , Shcherbakova N A
Published: April 2022

This article provides estimates of the influence of the degree of climate continentality on the yield of spring crops and on the quality of spring wheat grain. The analysis of variance was chosen as a research method, which makes it possible to assess the significance of the influence of one quantity on the variability of another. As a result of the study, it was found that the degree of climate continentality affects the formation of spring wheat yields ambiguously. For areas where there is an increase in the degree of climate continentality, there is a weak negative correlation between continentality and the yield of spring wheat. For grain-sowing areas, in which no increase in the degree of continentality was observed, there is a weak positive correlation between the yield of spring wheat and this characteristic. It was found that the increase in the degree of continentality reduces the yield, but improves the quality of the grain. Correlation dependencies are estimated at -0.25 and 0.62, respectively. It is shown that the degree of climate continentality determines the quality of grain. The contribution of the degree of continentality to the formation of protein content in spring wheat is estimated at 48%.
Distribution of solar energy potential on the territory of Turkmenistan
Authors: Ya Jumayev A
Published: April 2022

In the article, the assessment of solar energy potentials is based on the use of the following categories of solar energy resources: gross solar energy potential and technical solar energy resources. During the analysis of the main results, research methods were applied -comparison, description, analysis, generalization, a systematic approach, and a draft solar energy cadastre was proposed. The features of the spatio-temporal dynamics of solar radiation intake are determined.
Longitudinal homogeneous flow in a Cylindricalcoarse filter
Authors: Esin A I , Soloviev D A , Zagoruyko M G , Kolganov D A , Marynova T A
Published: April 2022

The article considers a hydraulic model of fluid movement (irrigation water) in the cavity of a cylindrical filter of coarse cleaning of a sprinkler machine, in particular, a longitudinally homogeneous averaged turbulent flow in the annular gap between the filter mesh and the filter housing. For a longitudinally homogeneous flow in an annular gap, the Reynolds equations do not give the desired distribution of averaged velocities. Therefore, the differential equation of equilibrium of an elementary volume of liquid is obtained and integrated in the article. A method for calculating the unknown kinematic coefficient of turbulent viscosity is proposed. Results: According to the data of the DU-200M filter, a longitudinal profile of local averaged velocities in the annular gap and a full profile in the filter cavity are constructed. Conclusions: For the hydraulic calculation of cylindrical relatively long coarse filters, a model of longitudinally homogeneous averaged turbulent motion can be used as a first approximation.
Improving the efficiency of agricultural land use in the South-East of the Saratov region in the face of climate change
Authors: Tarbaev V A , Tarasenko P V , Yanyuk V M , Denisov K E , Demakina I I
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes climate change in the dry steppe regions of the Saratov region for the period from 1899–2018. and crop yields for the period from 1933–2018. The trends of improving the moisture supply of the territory in 1902–2007 are revealed. and its aridization in 2008–2018. Noted: an increase in the average annual air temperature and the sum of active air temperatures (≥10°C); decrease in the amount of winter negative air temperatures; increase (by 8–10 days) in the duration of the growing season (which is favorable for late-ripening varieties and hybrids); a decrease in soil freezing (due to which the volume of spring runoff of steppe rivers decreased from 50–95 to 3–19% of the total volume). The need to adapt crop production to changing climatic conditions is emphasized. Based on studies of the relationship between the cycles of 11 and 22-year solar activity (SA) with the amount of precipitation and the yield of grain crops in the Novouzensky district of the Saratov region, a forecast of favorable and unfavorable years for the cultivation of cereal crops was developed, which allows taking into account possible climatic risks and taking the necessary management decisions.
Development of a neural network architecture for controlling a technological feeding line in a pigsty
Authors: Soloviev D A , Bakirov S M , Strelnikov V A , Logacheva O V , Kolganov D A
Published: April 2022

The article provides the relevance and description of the development of the architecture of the neural network for feeding controlling in a pigsty. The role of the human factor in systems of the type “man – machine – biological object” is described. In pig breeding, the determining factor is feeding, the profitability of meat production depends on the quality of the diet and distribution modes. The data of the average daily weight gain of a pig aged from 0 to 180 days without violations and with violations of the diet and feed distribution regimes are shown on the example of Russian and European pigsties. The feeding line and the main equipment for harvesting, preparation and distribution of feed are presented. The principle of feeding controlling in pigsties without human participation is described. The architecture of a neural network for feeding control in a pigsty is proposed, which contains 17 main neurons and 15 input values. It also provides a graphical description of the connections of neurons among themselves.