bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Chalcedonian Logic of John Wesley's Christology
Authors: Graham David A.
Published: October 2017

This article addresses John Wesley's theology of the person of Jesus Christ. Against those who have discerned either a Monophysite or a Nestorian trajectory, it argues that Wesley's Christology as a whole conforms to a Chalcedonian grammar, displaying certain Alexandrian–Lutheran tendencies in particular. It does so in three stages. First, it examines Wesley's emphasis on Christ's divinity, his ostensible reservations about Christ's humanity, and his view of the hypostatic union in the context of dogmatic christological traditions. Second, it situates his christological emphases within his deistic ideological context. Finally, it briefly illuminates the connection between Wesley's thought on Christ's person and his theology of Christ's work.
Honey bee foraging induces upregulation of early growth response protein 1, hormone receptor 38 and candidate downstream genes of the ecdysteroid signalling pathway
Authors: Singh A. S. , Shah A. , Brockmann A.
Published: October 2017

In honey bees, continuous foraging at an artificial feeder induced a sustained upregulation of the immediate early genes early growth response protein 1 (Egr‐1) and hormone receptor 38 (Hr38). This gene expression response was accompanied by an upregulation of several Egr‐1 candidate downstream genes: ecdysone receptor (EcR), dopamine/ecdysteroid receptor (DopEcR), dopamine decarboxylase and dopamine receptor 2. Hr38, EcR and DopEcR are components of the ecdysteroid signalling pathway, which is highly probably involved in learning and memory processes in honey bees and other insects. Time‐trained foragers still showed an upregulation of Egr‐1 when the feeder was presented at an earlier time of the day, suggesting that the genomic response is more dependent on the food reward than training time. However, presentation of the feeder at the training time without food was still capable of inducing a transient increase in Egr‐1 expression. Thus, learnt feeder cues, or even training time, probably affect Egr‐1 expression. In contrast, whole brain Egr‐1 expression changes did not differ between dancing and nondancing foragers. On the basis of our results we propose that food reward induced continuous foraging ultimately elicits a genomic response involving Egr‐1 and Hr38 and their downstream genes. Furthermore this genomic response is highly probably involved in foraging‐related learning and memory responses.
Impact of patient characteristics and treatment procedures on hospitalization cost and length of stay in Japanese patients with influenza: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Sruamsiri Rosarin , Ferchichi Sameh , Jamotte Aurélien , Toumi Mondher , Kubo Hiroshi , Mahlich Jörg
Published: October 2017

Objectives

Little is known about the economic burden of influenza‐related hospitalizations in Japan. This study sought to identify the factors that contribute to the total healthcare costs (THCs) associated with hospitalizations due to influenza in the Japanese population.

Study design

A retrospective cross‐sectional database analysis study.

Methods

A structural equation modelling approach was used to analyse a nationwide Japanese hospital claims data. This study included inpatients with at least 1 confirmed diagnosis of influenza and with a hospital stay of at least 2 days, who were admitted between April 2014 and March 2015.

Results

A total of 5261 Japanese inpatients with a diagnosis of influenza were included in the final analysis. The elderly (≥65 years) and the young (≤15 years) comprised more than 85% of patients. The average length of stay (LOS) was 12.5 days, and the mean THC was 5402 US dollars (US$) per hospitalization. One additional hospital day increased the THC by 314 US$. Intensive care unit hospitalizations were linked to higher costs (+4957 US$) compared to regular hospitalizations. The biggest procedure‐related cost drivers, which were also impacted by LOS, were blood transfusions (+6477 US$), tube feedings (+3501 US$) and dialysis (+2992 US$).

Conclusions

In Japan, the economic burden due to influenza‐related hospitalizations for both children and the elderly is considerable and is further impacted by associated comorbidities, diagnostic tests and procedures that prolong the LOS.
Electrical and hydrogen reduction enhances kinetics in doped zirconia and ceria: II. Mapping electrode polarization and vacancy condensation in YSZ
Authors: Dong Yanhao , Chen I‐Wei
Published: October 2017

Knowing the correlation between grain boundary mobility and oxygen potential in yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ), we have utilized the grain size as a microstructural marker to map local oxygen potential. Abrupt oxygen potential transition is established under a large current density and in thicker samples. Cathodically depressed oxygen potential can be easily triggered by poor electrode kinetics or in an oxygen‐lean environment. Widespread cavitation in the presence of highly reducing oxygen potential suggests oxygen vacancy condensation instead of oxygen bubble formation as commonly assumed for solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells. These results also suggest electrode kinetics has a direct influence on the microstructure and properties of ceramics sintered under a large electric current.
Chemical expansion in BaZr0.9−xCexY0.1O3−δ(x= 0 and 0.2) upon hydration determined by high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Hudish Grant , Manerbino Anthony , Coors William G. , Ricote Sandrine
Published: October 2017

Understanding the strain from chemical expansion of proton‐conducting ceramics is crucial to prevent their failure under operating conditions.BZY10 (BaZr0.9Y0.1O3−δ) andBZCY72 (BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3−δ) were studied using high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD) in moist and dry reducing atmosphere in order to prevent the competition with the oxidation reaction. Both powder and dense specimens were investigated and similar lattice parameters were obtained, demonstrating that the data were recorded on samples that were in equilibrium with the surrounding environment. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first one, the sample was hydrated in situ in theXRDchamber at high temperature and diffraction data were collected during cooling. For the second set, the samples were pre‐hydrated ex situ in an autoclave and theXRDpatterns were recorded during heating under dry conditions. As expected, lattice parameters were larger for the hydrated samples, due to hydration chemical expansion. The chemical expansion was also found to be larger with the presence of Ce. Finally, larger concentrations of protonic defects were present in the lattice of the ex situ pre‐hydrated samples compared with the in situ hydrated samples.
A systematic review of characteristics of couple‐based intervention studies addressing sexuality following cancer
Authors: Jonsdottir Jona Ingibjorg , Jonsdottir Helga , Klinke Marianne E.
Published: October 2017

Aim

To describe the characteristics of couple‐based intervention studies that address sexuality following cancer.

Background

Sexuality‐related problems are common among cancer survivors and their partners.

Design

Systematic literature review with a narrative summary of results.

Data sources

Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL and PsychINFO. We included studies published from 1 January 2009 ‐ 31 December 2016. Additional information was retrieved by scrutinizing reference lists, conducting citation tracking and contacting authors. We included all types of quantitative intervention studies published in the English language which contained outcome measures corresponding to the neo‐theoretical framework of sexuality—sexual function, sexual relationship and sexual self‐concept.

Review Methods

Our review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer's manual. Data were extracted and appraised using the standardized checklists for quantitative studies. This assessment was conducted independently by two reviewers. A third reviewer was involved if consensus could not be reached.

Results

Fourteen studies were included. Interventions were delivered face‐to‐face, by telephone or via the Internet. Sessions ranged from 1‐8, with a duration from 2‐22 weeks. Most studies offered ≥3 sessions. Interventions addressed unique concerns and/or provided general education. There was little agreement on the use of outcome measures. Most studies inadequately described fidelity to the study protocol and the training of interventionists.

Conclusion

There was no clear consensus about how couple‐based interventions are best structured. The results provide tentative evidence for how the quality of future research studies can be improved and how knowledge can be used in clinical practice.
Meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of nursing discharge planning interventions for older inpatients discharged home
Authors: Mabire Cédric , Dwyer Andrew , Garnier Antoine , Pellet Joanie
Published: October 2017

Aim

To determine the effectiveness of nursing discharge planning interventions on health‐related outcomes for older inpatients discharged home.

Background

Inadequate discharge planning for the ageing population poses significant challenges for health services. Effective discharge planning interventions have been examined in several studies, but little information is available on nursing interventions for older people. Despite the research published on the importance of discharge planning, the impact on patient's health outcomes still needs to be evaluated in practice.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Data Sources

A systematic search was undertaken across 13 databases to retrieve published and unpublished studies in English between 2000–2015.

Review Methods

Critical appraisal, data extraction and meta‐analysis followed the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Results

Thirteen studies were included in the review, 2 of 13 were pilot studies and one had a pre‐post design. Included studies involved 3,964 participants with a median age of 77 years. Nurse discharge planning did not significantly reduce hospital readmission or quality of life, except readmission was lower across studies conducted in the USA. The overall effect score for nurse discharge planning on length of stay was statistically significant and positive.

Conclusion

Nursing discharge planning is a complex intervention and difficult to evaluate. Findings suggest that nursing discharge planning for older inpatients discharged home increases the length of stay yet neither reduces readmission rate nor improves quality of life.
A bridge between oceans: overland migration of marine birds in a wind energy corridor
Authors: Lamb Juliet S. , Newstead David J. , Koczur Lianne M. , Ballard Bart M. , Green M. Clay , Jodice Patrick G. R.
Published: October 2017

Located at the shortest overland route between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean, Mexico's Tehuantepec Isthmus is a globally important migratory corridor for many terrestrial bird species. The Pacific coast of the Isthmus also contains a significant wetland complex that supports large multi‐species aggregations of non‐breeding waterbirds during the boreal winter. In recent years, extensive wind energy development has occurred in the plains bordering these wetlands, directly along the migratory flyway. Using recent studies of movement patterns of three marine‐associated bird species – reddish egrets Egretta rufescens, brown pelicans Pelecanus occidentalis, and red knots Calidris canutus – from the northern Gulf of Mexico, we assess the use of the isthmus as a migratory corridor. Our data provide evidence that marine birds from the Gulf region regularly overwinter along the Pacific coast of Mexico and use the isthmus as a migratory corridor, creating the potential for interaction with terrestrial wind farms during non‐breeding. This study is the first to describe migration by marine‐associated bird species between the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific coast. These data contribute new information toward ongoing efforts to understand the complex migration patterns of mobile marine species, with the goal of informing integrated conservation efforts for species whose year‐round habitat needs cross ecoregional and geopolitical boundaries.
Vocal plasticity in mallards: multiple signal changes in noise and the evolution of the Lombard effect in birds
Authors: Dorado‐Correa Adriana M. , Zollinger Sue Anne , Brumm Henrik
Published: October 2017

Signal plasticity is a building block of complex animal communication systems. A particular form of signal plasticity is the Lombard effect, in which a signaler increases its vocal amplitude in response to an increase in the background noise. The Lombard effect is a basic mechanism for communication in noise that is well‐studied in human speech and which has also been reported in other mammals and several bird species. Sometimes, but not always, the Lombard effect is accompanied by additional changes in signal parameters. However, the evolution of the Lombard effect and related vocal adjustments in birds are still unclear because so far only three major avian clades have been studied. We report the first evidence for the Lombard effect in an anseriform bird, the mallard Anas platyrhynchos. In association with the Lombard effect, the fifteen ducklings in our experiment also increased the peak frequency of their calls in noise. However, they did not change the duration of call syllables or their call rates as has been found in other bird species. Our findings support the notion that all extant birds use the Lombard effect to solve the common problem of maintaining communication in noise, i.e. it is an ancestral trait shared among all living avian taxa, which means that it has evolved more than 70 million yr ago. At the same time, our data suggest that parameter changes associated with the Lombard effect follow more complex patterns, with marked differences between taxa, some of which might be related to proximate constraints.
Fall and Rise: Normativity in Political Science Writing on the EU
Authors: Mcmahon Richard
Published: October 2017

Sociologists of science emphasize the crucial role of the day‐to‐day practices of scholars in defining academic disciplines and epistemological schools. Taking the case of EU Studies (EUS), this article examines the key practice of normative writing. I analyze the degree to which 70 highly‐cited journal articles of political science writing in EUS explicitly or implicitly suggest that European integration or its institutions or policies are bad or good, flourishing or declining. I use this discourse analysis, plus biographical data on the authors of texts, to explain a major temporal pattern. Degrees of normativity in EUS articles progressively declined from the 1970s until the millennium, but then subsequently recovered. Factors ‘external’ to scholarship, such as the progressive intensification of European integration and crises faced by the EU help explain this pattern. However they interacted in complex ways with ‘internal’ academic factors, such as generational replacement, ‘mainstreaming’ and rivalries between sub‐disciplinary and theoretical camps.
Characterizing selection in black‐throated blue warblers using a sexual network approach
Authors: Cramer E. R. A. , Kaiser S. A. , Webster M. S. , Sillett T.S. , Ryder T.B.
Published: October 2017

Our understanding of trait evolution is built upon studies that examine the correlation between traits and fitness, most of which implicitly assume all individuals experience similar selective environments. However, accounting for differences in selective pressures, such as variation in the social environment, can advance our understanding of how selection shapes individual traits and subsequent fitness. In this study, we test whether variation in the social environment affects selection on individual phenotype. We apply a new sexual network framework to quantify each male's social environment as the mean body size of his primary competitors. We test for direct and social selection on male body size using a 10‐year data set on black‐throated blue warblers (Setophaga caerulescens), a territorial species for which body size is hypothesized to mediate competition for mates. We found that direct selection on body size was weak and nonsignificant, as was social selection via the body size of the males' competitors. Analysing both types of selection simultaneously allows us to firmly reject a role for body size in competitive interactions between males and subsequent male fitness in this population. We evaluate the application of the sexual network approach to empirical data and suggest that other phenotypic traits such as song characteristics and plumage may be more relevant than body size for male–male competition in this small passerine bird.
Evolution of precopulatory and post-copulatory strategies of inbreeding avoidance and associated polyandry
Authors: Duthie A. B. , Bocedi G. , Germain R. R. , Reid J. M.
Published: October 2017

Inbreeding depression is widely hypothesized to drive adaptive evolution of precopulatory and post-copulatory mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance, which in turn are hypothesized to affect evolution of polyandry (i.e. female multiple mating). However, surprisingly little theory or modelling critically examines selection for precopulatory or post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, or both strategies, given evolutionary constraints and direct costs, or examines how evolution of inbreeding avoidance strategies might feed back to affect evolution of polyandry. Selection for post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, but not for precopulatory inbreeding avoidance, requires polyandry, whereas interactions between precopulatory and post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance might cause functional redundancy (i.e. ‘degeneracy’) potentially generating complex evolutionary dynamics among inbreeding strategies and polyandry. We used individual-based modelling to quantify evolution of interacting precopulatory and post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance and associated polyandry given strong inbreeding depression and different evolutionary constraints and direct costs. We found that evolution of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance increased selection for initially rare polyandry and that evolution of a costly inbreeding avoidance strategy became negligible over time given a lower-cost alternative strategy. Further, fixed precopulatory inbreeding avoidance often completely precluded evolution of polyandry and hence post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, but fixed post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance did not preclude evolution of precopulatory inbreeding avoidance. Evolution of inbreeding avoidance phenotypes and associated polyandry is therefore affected by evolutionary feedbacks and degeneracy. All else being equal, evolution of precopulatory inbreeding avoidance and resulting low polyandry is more likely when post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance is precluded or costly, and evolution of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance greatly facilitates evolution of costly polyandry.
Development of techniques for determination of primary components of dental medicament paste mixtures for root canal treatment
Authors: Jarrett James , White Alan R. , Cresswell Sarah L. , Walsh Laurence J. , George Roy
Published: October 2017

Aims

The purpose of the present study was to develop techniques to evaluate and quantify the primary components of dental medicament paste mixtures for root canal treatment, and to evaluate if degradation of the primary components occurred during storage.

Methods

The first part of the study developed a mass spectrometry (MS) method for determination of best recovery process. For this process, analytical grades of triamcinolone acetonide, clindamycin HCl, and doxycycline hyclate were sourced and analyzed. This was followed by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and an analysis of active components in dental pastes.

Results

By utilizing the targeted analytical properties of multiple reaction monitoring MS methods, coupled with SPE technique, the active components of endodontic dental pastes could be quantified and compared. The developed methods showed consistency over multiple runs, with a high level of reproducibility. None of the active components of the tested pastes degraded over the periods of product life tested.

Conclusion

The inactivation or destruction of any of the primary components of endodontic medicaments in storage, or when mixed with other pastes, could affect treatment outcomes. The present study provides a reliable technique for the analysis of the active components of root canal medicaments.
Cerebral blood flow in normal aging adults: cardiovascular determinants, clinical implications, and aerobic fitness
Authors: Tarumi Takashi , Zhang Rong
Published: October 2017

Senescence is a leading cause of mortality, disability, and non‐communicable chronic diseases in older adults. Mounting evidence indicates that the presence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors elevates the incidence of both vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Age‐related declines in cardiovascular function may impair cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, leading to the disruption of neuronal micro‐environmental homeostasis. The brain is the most metabolically active organ with limited intracellular energy storage and critically depends on CBF to sustain neuronal metabolism. In patients with AD, cerebral hypoperfusion, increased CBF pulsatility, and impaired blood pressure control during orthostatic stress have been reported, indicating exaggerated, age‐related decline in both cerebro‐ and cardiovascular function. Currently, AD lacks effective treatments; therefore, the development of preventive strategy is urgently needed. Regular aerobic exercise improves cardiovascular function, which in turn may lead to a better CBF regulation, thus reducing the dementia risk. In this review, we discuss the effects of aging on cardiovascular regulation of CBF and provide new insights into the vascular mechanisms of cognitive impairment and potential effects of aerobic exercise training on CBF regulation.

image

This article is part of the Special Issue “Vascular Dementia”.
Efficacy and safety of a novel, soluble microneedle patch for the improvement of facial wrinkle
Authors: Hong Ji Yeon , Ko Eun Jung , Choi Sun Young , Li Kapsok , Kim A Reum , Park Jin O , Kim Beom Joon
Published: October 2017

Background

Various kinds of functional cosmetics are on the market, although there are a variety of opinions concerning the actual effect. Transdermal microneedle patch has been introduced as a newly developed device for drug delivery through the skin.

Objective

This study was conducted to verify the face skin improvement effect and safety of a novel cosmetic microneedle patch.

Methods

A total of 84 Korean females finished this prospective clinical trial. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: (1) soluble hyaluronic acid (HA) microneedle patch alone, (2) soluble HA microneedle patch plus adenosine wrinkle cream, and (3) adenosine wrinkle cream alone. The treatments were applied to the crow's feet and nasolabial fold wrinkle for 12 weeks. The test areas were measured before treatment and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after use of the test product. At the completion of the testing period of the trial, the global assessment of efficacy and product preferences were surveyed from the subjects.

Results

Combination treatment with wrinkle cream and microneedle patch significantly improved Merz scale for crow's feet and nasolabial folds, compared to the sole application of wrinkle cream or patch. Measurement on the crow's feet showed an overall improvement in all 3 groups, yielding no significant differences among the groups. No serious adverse effects were observed during the follow‐up period.

Conclusion

Combination application of a soluble microneedle patch and wrinkle cream was an effective treatment in improving facial wrinkles, thus enhancing skin rejuvenation.
Sensitivity of aspiration as a safety test before injection of soft tissue fillers
Authors: Van Loghem Jani AJ , Fouché James J , Thuis Job
Published: October 2017

Background

Embolism due to accidental intra‐arterial injection of a soft tissue filler (STF) can lead to serious complications. Physicians practice aspiration as a safety test before injection to rule out intra‐arterial placement of the needle tip. The value of aspiration as a safety test is evaluated in this study, which also considered the rheological properties of different STFs and their needle dimensions.

Methods

Aspiration with eleven different needle sizes and 24 different STFs was performed using Ringer's lactate (RL) colored with blue skin marking ink and secondly an empty saline bag containing anticoagulated blood, both pressurized to 150 mm Hg to mimic arterial blood pressure. Time between the start of aspiration and liquid in the needle hub was recorded.

Results

A total of 340 individual aspiration tests with different STFs and needles were performed, of which 112 yielded true‐positive results within 1‐s and 128 yielded false‐negative results after 10 s. Positive results between one and ten seconds were seen in 101 aspiration tests.

Conclusions

True‐positive results were seen in 33% of the tests performed with STFs within 1 s of aspiration. Aspiration test results are influenced by needle diameter, needle length, and rheological properties of STFs. Additional safety measures are necessary to further reduce risk of inadvertent intravascular injection of STFs.
Management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia by an aroma‐massage with acupressure treatment protocol: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Fung Jo Kamen Ka‐man , Tsang Hector Wing‐hong
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectives

This study evaluates the clinical effectiveness of a multicomponent aroma‐massage with an acupressure treatment protocol and compared it to cognitive training for the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Background

Pharmacological interventions have been unsatisfactory in managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia; thus, complementary and alternative medicine has been extensively researched to identify an adjunct safe and cost‐effective intervention.

Design

This randomised clinical trial utilised a three‐arm parallel group design. Cognitive training was used as a conventional intervention to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, whereas exercise was considered “treatment as usual” in this study; both were used as comparisons with the experimental protocol. There were three treatment groups: Group 1: aroma‐massage with acupressure + exercise, Group 2: cognitive training + exercise and Group 3: aroma‐massage with acupressure + cognitive training.

Method

Sixty older adults were recruited and randomly assigned to the three groups (20 each). Using the 29‐item Chinese Version of the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Mini‐mental State Examination and Barthel Index‐20, the outcome measures were assessed at preintervention, postintervention and the 3‐month follow‐up to assess behaviour, Activities of Daily Living, cognition, and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia severity and distress. Multiple comparisons performed through repeated measures were analysed to detect between‐group differences and within‐subject differences, as well as the interaction effects between groups and times.

Results

The Group 1 and 3 participants showed a significant reduction in the severity and distress caused by behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, whereas Group 2 did not demonstrate similar effects.

Conclusions

This clinical study suggests that aroma‐massage with acupressure is as effective as cognitive training and can enhance cognitive training in reducing the severity and distress of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Relevance to clinical practice

Aroma‐massage with acupressure may serve as an adjunct therapy to reduce behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. This therapy is safe, cost‐effective and can be implemented by caregivers and family members who are not professionally trained.
‘Why Even Bother Trying?’ Examining Discouragement among Racial‐Minority Entrepreneurs
Authors: Neville François , Forrester Juanita Kimiyo , O'Toole Jay , Riding Allan
Published: October 2017

We extend organizational research on racial‐minority social and economic inequality by developing a mixed embeddedness perspective to investigate whether and why certain racial‐minority entrepreneurs become discouraged with important entrepreneurial tasks – namely, seeking capital from financial institutions. Concretely, we examine borrowing discouragement among three predominant racial‐minority entrepreneur groups in the United States – African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans – using two independent samples from the US Federal Reserve Board. Our findings indicate that African Americans and Hispanic Americans are more likely to be discouraged than White Americans, while Asian Americans are less likely to be discouraged than African Americans. Our theory and findings suggest that for certain racial minorities, socio‐historical experiences and shared knowledge of inequalities may influence individual behaviour through increasing discouragement toward important opportunities and entrepreneurial tasks.
The Impact of Knowledge Worker Mobility through an Acquisition on Breakthrough Knowledge
Authors: Park Haemin Dennis , Howard Michael D. , Gomulya David M.
Published: October 2017

Acquisitions enable firms to access new knowledge from target firms, along with the scientists who created the knowledge, to enhance their own knowledge creation outcomes. We explore how the retention of target firm scientists and acquired knowledge characteristics affect new knowledge creation outcomes for the acquiring firms. Using a sample of 111,227 patents following 301 high‐tech acquisitions in 1990–2000, we find that acquiring firms that avoid the exodus of target firm scientists increase their likelihood of creating highly impactful knowledge. Moreover, the characteristics of acquired knowledge and organizational context of the acquiring firms moderate this relationship. The positive effect of target firm scientist retention on the likelihood of creating highly impactful knowledge during the post‐acquisition period is stronger when the acquired knowledge is complex, whereas such a relationship is weaker when the acquired knowledge stock is similar to that of the acquiring firm.
A Systematic Review of the Survival and Complication Rates of All‐Ceramic Resin‐Bonded Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: Chen Junyu , Cai He , Ren Xiaochun , Suo Lai , Pei Xibo , Wan Qianbing
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the survival and complication rates of all‐ceramic resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs).

Materials and Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied. A systematic search was conducted by an electronic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases complemented by a manual search. Only clinical studies on all‐ceramic RBFDPs with a mean follow‐up period of at least 3 years qualified for data analyses.

Results

Among 1503 screened articles, one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and seven prospective or retrospective cohort studies were included in this study. The estimated 5‐year survival rate of all‐ceramic RBFDPs was 91.2%. Debonding and framework fracture were the two most frequent technical complications, and the estimated 5‐year debonding rate and fracture rate were 12.2% and 4.8%, respectively. Additionally, cantilevered all‐ceramic RBFDPs had a higher survival rate (p < 0.01), lower debonding rate, (p < 0.05), and fracture rate (p < 0.01) compared with two‐retainer all‐ceramic RBFDPs. Zirconia ceramic RBFDPs had a lower incidence of failure but a higher debonding rate compared with glass‐ceramic RBFDPs (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this systematic review, although all‐ceramic RBFDPs have a favorable 5‐year survival rate, this rate cannot represent the complete success of the treatment, since it may include typical complications such as debonding and fractures. There is an urgent need for long‐term clinical studies, especially for well‐designed RCTs on all‐ceramic RBFDPs.
Hyperglycaemia in transition dairy cows: Effects of lactational stage and conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on glucose metabolism and turnover
Authors: Grossen‐Rösti L. , Kessler E. C. , Tröscher A. , Bruckmaier R. M. , Gross J. J.
Published: October 2017

Supplementing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is supposed to spare glucose due to the milk fat‐depressing effect of the trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA isomer, and allows repartitioning nutrients despite an energy deficiency in early lactation. However, there is still a lack of knowledge in terms of the dynamic pattern of the glucose turnover in transition dairy cows. We hypothesized that dairy cows supplemented with CLA have an altered rate of glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity during early lactation. We conducted three consecutive hyperglycaemic clamps (HGC) in weeks −2, +2 and +4 relative to parturition in Holstein cows supplemented daily either with 70 g of lipid‐encapsulated CLA (6.8 g trans‐10, cis‐12 and 6.6 g of the cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA isomer; CLA; n = 11) or with 56 g of control fat (CON; n = 11). From week −3 up to week +4 relative to parturition, milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily, while body weight (BW) and milk composition were obtained once weekly. Blood samples were taken once weekly and every 30 min during the HGC. Plasma was analysed for concentrations of glucose, fatty acids (FFA), beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol. The CLA supplementation did not affect performance and metabolic parameters except for BHB and cholesterol. Furthermore, insulin concentrations and insulin sensitivity were affected by treatment. During the HGC in early lactation, insulin response was lower and decrease in FFA and BHB greater compared with the HGC in week −2 although glucose target concentration achieved during the steady‐state period was similar for all three HGC. Our findings in terms of insulin and cholesterol suggest that body reserves are preserved through CLA feeding without restraining animal's performance. Furthermore, CLA effects on cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations indicated beneficial effects on hepatic lipid export contributing to an improved efficiency of prevailing metabolites in circulation.
Effects of animal type (wild vs. domestic) and diet alfalfa level on intake and digestibility of European adult rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Pinheiro V. , Outor‐Monteiro D. , Mourão J. L. , Cone J. W. , Lourenço A. L.
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the level of alfalfa in the diet on feed intake and digestibility of two types of rabbits, wild (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus) vs. domestic (O. cuniculus cuniculus). Ten wild (W; mean LW = 927 g) and 10 domestic (D; mean LW = 4,645 g) adult rabbit does were fed ad libitum two pelleted diets: a control diet (C) with 15% of dehydrated alfalfa hay (as feed basis) and a test diet (A) with 36% of dehydrated alfalfa hay (as feed basis), according to a change‐over design. Wild does dry matter (DM) intake per kg live weight (BW) was 55% higher (p < .001) than the intake of the D ones (58 g vs. 37 g DM per kg BW respectively). However, no difference (p > .05) was found when intake was expressed per kg0.75 BW (ca. 56 g DM) and tended to be higher (p = .07) in D does when expressed per kg0.67 BW (62 g vs. 55 g DM). Domestic does showed a higher (p < .05) DM, organic matter, crude energy and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (3; 2; 3; 3 percentage points respectively) than W does. The amount of nutrients and energy digested by D does was lower per kg BW (p < .001), similar per kg0.75 BW (p > .05) and tended to be higher per kg0.67 BW (p < .1) than in W does. The diet content of alfalfa did not affect (p > .05) the feed intake nor the diet digestibility. This study suggests that W rabbits exhibit a higher intake per kg BW and a lower digestibility than their D counterparts, which results in similar digestible nutrient and energy intake per kg BW powered to 0.75. The nutritive value of dehydrated alfalfa for rabbits, evaluated through intake and digestibility, seems to be equivalent to their base diets (forage plus concentrate).
On the composition of gastroliths from broiler breeders
Authors: Martín‐Ramos P. , Carrión‐Prieto P. , Sánchez‐Báscones M. , Ruiz‐Potosme N. M. , Martín‐Gil J.
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the composition and origin of certain gastroliths or gizzard stones from broiler breeders (Gallus gallus domesticus). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray powder diffraction techniques were used as analysis tools. The main components resulted to be organic fibre and minerals referred to a pegmatite rock (quartz, feldspar albite and haematite) used as grit. Although the generally accepted purpose of gastroliths in chicken is the crushing and grinding of foodstuff in the ventriculus, the importance of mineral uptake from grit of iron and other essential elements such as Al, Ca, K, Cl, P, Ti, Mn, Mg, Cu, Zn and Zr (in ppm) as a secondary effect of the abrasion and dissolution of gastroliths should not be disregarded.
Effects of dietary selenium and moisture on the physical activity and thyroid axis of cats
Authors: Hooper S. E. , Backus R. , Amelon S.
Published: October 2017

Consumption of canned cat food is considered a risk factor for the development of feline hyperthyroidism. Because selenium and water are substantially higher in canned diets compared to dry diets, objectives of this study were to determine whether increased dietary selenium or water alters the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis and leads to an increase in activity level. Employing a 28‐day latin square design with a 14‐day washout, six lean, neutered male domestic shorthair cats were fed (i) commercially available adult dry feline diet containing 0.8 ppm selenium (control), (ii) control diet with added sodium selenite to achieve a dietary selenium concentration of 1.125 ppm (selenium treatment) and (iii) the control diet with additional water to achieve a moisture content of 75% wt/wt (water treatment). Water consumption was determined using deuterium oxide washout. Actical activity monitors were placed on each cat's collar to allow quantification of the activity of each cat. Circulating serum T3 and T4 was measured on days 0, 14, and 28. On day 28, a thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test was conducted to determine treatment effects on serum concentrations of thyroid hormones. There was a significant increase in daily water consumption with dietary water treatment (192 ml ± 7.85 SEM) compared to the control (120 ml ± 20.4) and selenium (116 ml ± 14.6) treatments. Both water and selenium treatments were associated with greater (p < .05) activity over that of the control treatment by 20.5% and 11% respectively. Serum TT3 AUC concentrations (0–4 hr) of TRH stimulation tests were greater (p < .05) by 16% with water compared to control treatments. The results of this study indicate that dietary water content may alter the function of the thyroid axis and that this effect is associated with an increase in physical activity.
Effects of phyto‐oestrogen quercetin on productive performance, hormones, reproductive organs and apoptotic genes in laying hens
Authors: Yang J. X. , Chaudhry M. T. , Yao J. Y. , Wang S. N. , Zhou B. , Wang M. , Han C. Y. , You Y. , Li Y.
Published: October 2017

Quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid with diverse biological activities including anti‐inflammatory and antiviral, inhibits lipid peroxidation, prevents oxidative injury and cell death. The purpose of the research was to investigate the effect of quercetin on productive performance, reproductive organs, hormones and apoptotic genes in laying hens between 37 and 45 weeks of age, because of the structure and oestrogenic activities similar to 17β‐oestradiol. The trial was conducted using 240 Hessian laying hens (37 weeks old), housed in wire cages with two hens in each cage. These hens were randomly allotted to four treatments with six replicates, 10 hens in each replicate and fed with diets containing quercetin as 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg feed for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary quercetin significantly increased (p < .05) the laying rate and was higher in group supplemented with 0.4 g/kg, and feed‐egg ratio was decreased (p < .05) by quercetin. Dietary quercetin has no effect (p > .05) on average egg weight and average daily feed intake. Compared with control, secretion of hormones, oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin‐like growth factors‐1 (IGF‐1) and growth hormone (GH), was found to be significantly higher (p < .05) in quercetin‐supplemented groups. Also ovary index, uterus index and oviduct index were not significantly influenced (p > .05) by quercetin, whereas magnum index, isthmus index, magnum length, isthmus length and follicle numbers were significantly increased (p < .05) with quercetin supplementation. Additionally, expression of apoptotic genes was significantly (p < .05) up‐regulated or down‐regulated by quercetin. These results indicated that quercetin improved productive performance, and its mechanism may be due to the oestrogen‐like activities of quercetin.
Gene expression differences in the methionine remethylation and transsulphuration pathways under methionine restriction and recovery with D,L‐methionine or D,L‐HMTBA in meat‐type chickens
Authors: Aggrey S. E. , González‐Cerón F. , Rekaya R. , Mercier Y.
Published: October 2017

This study examined the molecular mechanisms of methionine pathways in meat‐type chickens where birds were provided with a diet deficient in methionine from 3 to 5 weeks of age. The birds on the deficient diet were then provided with a diet supplemented with either D,L‐methionine or D,L‐HMTBA from 5 to 7 weeks. The diet of the control birds was supplemented with L‐methionine from hatch till 7 weeks of age. We studied the mRNA expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1, alpha, methionine adenosyltransferase 1, beta, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate‐homocysteine methyltransferase, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate‐homocysteine methyltransferase reductase, betaine‐homocysteine S‐methyltransferase, glycine N‐methyltransferase, S‐adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine hydrolase and cystathionine beta synthase genes in the liver, duodenum, Pectoralis (P.) major and the gastrocnemius muscle at 5 and 7 weeks. Feeding a diet deficient in dietary methionine affected body composition. Birds that were fed a methionine‐deficient diet expressed genes that indicated that remethylation occurred via the one‐carbon pathway in the liver and duodenum; however, in the P. major and the gastrocnemius muscles, gene expression levels suggested that homocysteine received methyl from both folate and betaine for remethylation. Birds who were switched from a methionine deficiency diet to one supplemented with either D,L‐methionine or D,L‐HMTBA showed a downregulation of all the genes studied in the liver. However, depending on the tissue or methionine form, either folate or betaine was elicited for remethylation. Thus, mRNA expressions show that genes in the remethylation and transsulphuration pathways were regulated according to tissue need, and there were some differences in the methionine form.
Estimation of lysine requirements for growing Japanese quails
Authors: Hasanvand S. , Mehri M. , Bagherzadeh‐Kasmani F. , Asghari‐Moghadam M.
Published: October 2017

This study was conducted to estimate the lysine requirements of growing meat‐type Japanese quails based on different growth responses using different regression models. Experimental treatments including five doses of dietary lysine (9.40, 10.9, 12.4, 13.9 and 15.4 g/kg of diet) were used in a dose‐response platform from 7 to 21 day of age. A total of 375, 7‐day old quail chicks were randomly allotted to one of five dietary treatments with five replicate pens and 15 birds per pen. Performance traits including feed intake (FI), weight gain (G) and feed:gain (F:G) and carcass criteria including dressing (DRS), breast meat yield (BMY) and leg meat yield (LMY) were measured and used to fit several models (e.g., spline and quadratic polynomial models). Except FI and LMY, other parameters responded to dietary treatments (p < .05), in which G linearly but F:G, DRS and BMY quadratically responded to incremental levels of lysine (p < .05). On the basis of statistical merit, the best estimation of lysine requirements for G, F:G, BMY and DRS was 12.39 (R2: .93 and Sy.x: 2.35), 12.40 (R2: .98 and Sy.x: 0.001), 13.64 (R2: .99 and Sy.x: 0.15) and 13.80 (R2: .99 and Sy.x: 0.50) g/kg of diet respectively. This study showed that lysine requirements for maximum carcass yield and its attributes (e.g., BMY) might be higher than those needed for maximum growth rate or feed efficiency.
Amino acid profiles of rumen undegradable protein: a comparison between forages including cereal straws and alfalfa and their respective total mixed rations
Authors: Wang B. , Jiang L. S. , Liu J. X.
Published: October 2017

Optimizing the amino acid (AA) profile of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) can positively affect the amount of milk protein. This study was conducted to improve knowledge regarding the AA profile of rumen undegradable protein from corn stover, rice straw and alfalfa hay as well as the total mixed ratio diets (TMR) based on one of them as forage source [forage‐to‐concentrate ratio of 45:55 (30% of corn stover (CS), 30% of rice straw (RS), 23% of alfalfa hay (AH) and dry matter basis)]. The other ingredients in the three TMR diets were similar. The RUP of all the forages and diets was estimated by incubation for 16 hr in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated lactating cows. All residues were corrected for microbial colonization, which was necessary in determining the AA composition of RUP from feed samples using in situ method. Compared with their original AA composition, the AA pattern of forages and forage‐based diets changed drastically after rumen exposure. In addition, the extent of ruminal degradation of analysed AA was not constant among the forages. The greatest individual AA degradability of alfalfa hay and corn stover was Pro, but was His of rice straw. A remarkable difference was observed between microbial attachment corrected and uncorrected AA profiles of RUP, except for alfalfa hay and His in the three forages and TMR diets. The ruminal AA degradability of cereal straws was altered compared with alfalfa hay but not for the TMR diets. In summary, the AA composition of forages and TMR‐based diets changed significantly after ruminal exposure, indicating that the original AA profiles of the feed cannot represent its AA composition of RUP. The AA profile of RUP and ruminal AA degradability for corn stover and rice straw contributed to missing information in the field.