bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐frequency ultrasound accuracy in preoperative cutaneous melanoma assessment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sellyn Georgina E. , Lopez Andrea A. , Ghosh Shramana , Topf Michael C. , Chen Heidi , Tkaczyk Eric , Powers Jennifer G.
Published: July 2024

Background

High‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) can safely and efficiently visualize cutaneous tumour characteristics including depth.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate its accuracy in measuring melanoma depth against the gold standard, histopathology, for treatment planning.

Methods

A review of publications was conducted in March 2023 through five electronic databases. Thirty‐six included articles studied patients who received HFUS (≥10 MHz) measurements, melanoma biopsy or excision, and reported a tumour depth correlation coefficient between HFUS and histopathology. We analysed correlation coefficients between HFUS and histopathology, measured tumour depths and shed light on reasons for mismeasurements. Additionally, we identified the reporting of critical metrics including, lesion characteristics, melanoma subtype, type of correlation coefficient, 95% confidence intervals for Pearson coefficients and sample size.

Results

The most common tumour imaged was superficial spreading melanoma on the trunk and extremities, followed by head/face. Maximum ultrasound frequencies ranged from 13 MHz to 100 MHz with participants ranging from 5 to 264. Histopathology and HFUS correlation coefficients ranged from 0.417 to 0.997 (median: 0.94, mean: 0.89 and SD: 0.13). Lower frequency probes (10–20 MHz) were less accurate in assessing melanoma thickness, with a cumulative mean correlation coefficient of 0.87 compared to 0.94 (20–25 MHz) and 0.98 (≥70 MHz). Studies demonstrated higher sonographic accuracy in melanomas >0.75 mm.

Additionally, ultrasound may report increased melanoma depth compared to histopathology for reasons including lymphocytic infiltration, presence of a nevus and shrinkage during specimen processing. Furthermore, we found a gap in the reporting of details such as fundamental characteristics of lesion populations. Specifically, 86% (31 out of 36) of the studies failed to report one or more critical metrics, such as mean, median or range of lesion depths.

Conclusions

HFUS may serve as a supplementary tool for preoperative melanoma assessment, with increased accuracy in thicker tumours. Frequencies <20 MHz are less reliable in assessing depth. Frequencies ≥70 MHz demonstrate stronger correlations to histopathology. Higher ultrasound accuracy was seen for melanomas with Breslow depth >0.75 mm.
Gill raker and pyloric caeca counts differ between Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Dolly Varden (S. malma) populations across their ranges
Authors: Weinstein Spencer Y. , Gallagher Colin P. , Hale Matthew C. , Loewen Tracey N. , Reist James D. , Swanson Heidi K.
Published: July 2024

Meristic characters are often used to differentiate between closely related forms, morphs, and species of fishes, and lend insight into ecology and post‐glacial recolonization in taxa with complicated or contentious phylogenies, including the genus Salvelinus. Previous studies of meristics in Salvelinus have focused mostly on individual populations. We collated data from 456 populations/systems across the North American and Russian Arctic and sub‐Arctic, and found that counts of pyloric caeca and gill rakers differed consistently between fish visually and/or genetically identified as Arctic char and Dolly Varden across their distributional ranges.
Sonic hedgehog (shh) gene from Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae): Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression profile during early embryonic, juvenile, and adult stages
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Luo Jun , Liu Hui , Wang Shuai , An Xilin , Li Xuejie , Wang Wei
Published: July 2024

The hedgehog signaling pathway plays an important role in early development and growth of most vertebrates. Sonic hedgehog (shh) gene is a critical regulator of embryonic development in many species, including humans. However, it is not clear what roles shh can play in the development of fish. In this paper, shh gene was cloned from Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae. The full‐length complementary DNA (cDNA) of P. yokohamae sonic hedgehog gene (Pyshh) comprises 3194 bp, with a 1317‐bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a polypeptide of 438 amino acids with a typical HH‐signal domain and Hint‐N domain. The conserved sequences of the protein among species were predicted by using multiple sequence comparison. The phylogenetic tree construction showed that PySHH is clustered in a branch of Pleuronectidae. To explore the expression of Pyshh gene in various tissues of P. yokohamae, we used real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology to detect it. The results showed that Pyshh gene is widely distributed in various tissues of P. yokohamae juveniles, different tissues of adult males and females, and is particularly expressed in immune organs. The Pyshh gene expression was higher in the muscle and brain of juvenile fish, and higher in bone, gill, and skin of male fish than that of female fish, suggesting that Pyshh might be involved in the formation of immune organs of P. yokohamae. The expression of Pyshh gene significantly upregulated from the gastrula stage to the hatching stage. Western blotting of the expression levels of PySHH during different embryonic development stages revealed that PySHH levels increased gradually during development stages from oosperm stage to hatching stage. These results indicate that Pyshh is highly conserved among species and plays a critical role in the complex process of embryonic development. Its precise regulation is essential for the proper formation of many organs and tissues in the body, and disruptions in its function may have serious consequences for the formation of immune organs in fish.
Novel pre‐copulatory behavior in basking sharks observed by drone
Authors: Curtis Tobey H. , Robinson Jeff , Pratt Harold L. , Skomal Gregory B. , Whitney Nicholas M.
Published: July 2024

Basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) seasonally aggregate in coastal surface waters of the North Atlantic, providing opportunities for visual observation. While putative courtship displays have been observed, actual copulation has not been documented. Here we examine video collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (“drone”) of novel behavioral interactions between basking sharks in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts in May 2021. The behaviors, including close following and tight concentric circling, are consistent with pre‐copulatory behavior observed in other shark species. These observations provide new insights into the pre‐copulatory behavior of basking sharks.
Preparation of potato granules powder by low temperature ultrafine grinding and its effect on the texture of bread
Authors: Qin Yang , Zhao Min , Li Shuting , Chen Yanbing , Liu Yi , Sun Dongwen , Chen Qingmin , Yu Hui
Published: July 2024

In this article, low temperature ultrafine grinding and other three kind of crushing methods were used to prepare potato granules powder. And the swelling power and solubility, water‐holding capacity, gelatinization characteristics, particle size, and chromaticity of different particle size levels of potato granules powder were determined. The experimental results showed that the potato granules powder prepared by low temperature ultrafine grinding had the highest solubility and swelling power, and the highest degree of pre‐gelatinization; With the increase in the addition of potato powder, the water absorption of the dough increased, and been more rheological. The volume of bread gradually decreases and the firmness increases. With the decrease of potato granules powder size, the water absorption of dough decreases and the bread hardness increases. In this experiment, when the grain size of potato powder was 200 mesh and the addition amount was 2%, the sensory score was the highest and the taste was the best. The result provides theoretical and practical basis for the production of potato bread and the comprehensive utilization of potato resources.

Practical applications

The present study demonstrates the effective preparation of potato whole powder particles through low temperature ultrafine grinding. Comparative analysis with shear grinding, ball grinding, and room temperature grinding reveals that low temperature ultrafine grinding yields superior solubility, swelling, and gelatinization characteristics. Furthermore, incorporating 200 mesh fine potato powder in bread formulation significantly enhances dough rheological properties and water absorption while improving bread hardness and flavor. The findings offer a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the production of potato bread and the comprehensive utilization of potato resources.
Angiotensin‐converting enzymes 1 and 2 in the feces: presence and catalytic activity in the rat 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid‐induced model of colitis
Authors: Ferreira‐Duarte Mariana , Oliveira Lilian Caroline Gonçalves , Quintas Clara , Dias‐Pereira Patricia , Sousa Teresa , Magro Fernando , Casarini Dulce Elena , Duarte‐Araújo Margarida , Morato Manuela
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim

Inflammatory bowel disease is challenging to diagnose. Fecal biomarkers offer noninvasive solutions. The renin–angiotensin‐aldosterone system is implicated in intestinal inflammation. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) regulate its activity, but conflicting findings on these enzymes in colitis require further investigation. We aimed to assess ACE and ACE2 presence and activities in the feces, serum, and colon of 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced rats.

Methods

Colitis was induced in male rats by rectal instillation of a 21% ethanolic TNBS solution. After rats' sacrifice, colonic portions, serum, and feces were collected. ACE and ACE2 presence in the feces was analyzed by western Blot, and colonic and serum enzymes' concentrations were quantified using ELISA kits. ACE activity was assessed using Hippuryl‐His‐Leu and Z‐Phe‐His‐Leu as substrates. ACE2 activity was assessed using Mca‐APK (Dnp) as a substrate in the presence and absence of DX600 (ACE2 inhibitor).

Results

An ACE isoform of ~70 kDa was found only in the feces of TNBS‐induced rats. ACE concentration was higher than that of ACE2 in the serum and the inflamed colon. ACE N‐domain activity was higher than that of the C‐domain in all matrices. ACE2 activity was higher in the feces of TNBS‐induced animals compared to controls.

Conclusion

A 70 kDa ACE isoform only detected in the feces of TNBS‐induced rats may have translational relevance. ACE N‐domain seems to play a significant role in regulating colonic lesions. Further research using human samples is necessary to validate these findings.
Do Women Receive Worse Financial Advice?
Authors: BHATTACHARYA UTPAL , KUMAR AMIT , VISARIA SUJATA , ZHAO JING
Published: July 2024

We arranged for trained undercover men and women to pose as potential clients and visit all 65 local financial advisory firms in Hong Kong. At financial planning firms, but not at securities firms, women were more likely than men to receive advice to buy only individual or only local securities. Female clients who signaled high confidence, high risk tolerance, or a domestic outlook were especially likely to receive this suboptimal advice. Our theoretical model explains these patterns as a result of statistical discrimination interacting with advisors’ incentives. Taste‐based discrimination is unlikely to explain the results.
Mouse Models in Circadian Rhythm and Melatonin Research
Authors: Korf Horst‐Werner , von Gall Charlotte
Published: July 2024

This contribution reviews the role of inbred and transgenic mouse strains for deciphering the mammalian melatoninergic and circadian system. It focusses on the pineal organ as melatonin factory and two major targets of the melatoninergic system, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and the hypophysial pars tuberalis (PT). Mammalian pinealocytes sharing molecular characteristics with true pineal and retinal photoreceptors synthesize and secrete melatonin into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid night by night. Notably, neuron‐like connections exist between the deep pinealocytes and the habenular/pretectal region suggesting direct pineal‐brain communication. Control of melatonin biosynthesis in rodents involves transcriptional regulation including phosphorylation of CREB and upregulation of mPer1. In the SCN, melatonin acts upon MT1 and MT2 receptors. Melatonin is not necessary to maintain the rhythm of the SCN molecular clockwork, but it has distinct effects on the synchronization of the circadian rhythm by light, facilitates re‐entrainment of the circadian system to phase advances in the level of the SCN molecular clockwork by acting upon MT2 receptors and plays a stabilizing role in the circadian system as evidenced from locomotor activity recordings. While the effects in the SCN are subtle, melatonin is essential for PT functions. Via the MT1 receptor it drives the PT‐intrinsic molecular clockwork and the retrograde and anterograde output pathways controlling seasonal rhythmicity. Although inbred and transgenic mice do not show seasonal reproduction, the pathways from the PT are fully intact if the animals are melatonin proficient. Thus, only melatonin‐proficient strains are suited to investigate the circadian and melatoninergic systems.
Value of repeated health screening in 259 apparently healthy mature adult and senior cats followed for 2 years
Authors: Mortier Femke , Daminet Sylvie , Marynissen Sofie , Smets Pascale , Paepe Dominique
Published: July 2024

Background

Although regular health screening is recommended, long‐term follow‐up data in healthy aged cats are lacking.

Objectives

Determine the most common conditions in a large group of apparently healthy older cats and which diseases are manifested within 2 years in cats confirmed to be healthy based on extensive health screening.

Animals

Client‐owned cats.

Methods

Prospective study. Thorough history, physical examination, blood tests, and urinalysis were performed in 259 apparently healthy mature adult (7‐10 years) and senior (>10 years) cats. Semi‐annual follow‐up examinations were performed in 201 confirmed healthy cats.

Results

At baseline, 21% of apparently healthy cats were not considered healthy but were diagnosed with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) ≥ stage 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD; 7.7%) or hyperthyroidism (4.6%), among other disorders. Disease occurred significantly more frequently in senior cats compared with mature adult cats. In addition, 40% cats were overweight, 35% had moderate to severe dental disease, and 22% had abnormal cardiac auscultation findings. Within 2 years, 28% of mature adult and 54% of senior cats that were confirmed healthy at inclusion developed new diseases, most commonly IRIS ≥ stage 2 CKD (cumulative incidence, 13.4%), hyperthyroidism (8.5%), chronic enteropathy, hepatopathy or pancreatitis (7.5%), or neoplasia (7%).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The high prevalence and 2‐year incidence of physical examination abnormalities and systemic diseases in apparently healthy older cats argue for regular health screening in cats ≥7 years of age. Although more common in senior cats, occult disease also occurs in mature adult cats, and owners should be informed accordingly.
Ethnic hierarchies versus civic values in a community of descent: Evidence from an interactive survey experiment in Germany
Authors: Crepaz Markus M. L.
Published: July 2024

This article examines whether German respondents in an interactive vignette experiment prefer immigrants who are ethno‐racially more proximate to the majority population versus whether immigrants find acceptance in German society as long as they follow the law and respect the rules and customs of society. The approach is both descriptive and experimental. The descriptive results indicate that despite liberalisation of immigration policies since 2000 there is a sizable reservoir of the German population who holds ethno‐racial attitudes. The interactive experimental approach distinguishes two treatments: race and reason for dismissal from a job of two fictitious immigrants who are applying for permanent residency in Germany. Results indicate that while German respondents react more harshly when the reason for dismissal is drug possession than race, the Black immigrant is treated with more hostility for the same infraction than the White immigrant, independently of whether the reason for dismissal from a job is being downsized or drug possession.
Nursing interventions to prevent pressure injury among open heart surgery patients: A systematic review
Authors: Kurt Yeter , Kaşikçi Mağfiret , Malaska Reezena
Published: July 2024

Background

Nurses are vital in identifying and preventive pressure injuries (PIs) in hospitalized patients undergoing open heart surgery. Interventions to prevent PIs are crucial for every critical patient, and it's essential to recognize that preventing PIs involves a complex intervention.

Aim

To examine the nursing interventions for the prevention of PI in patients with open heart surgery.

Method

A systematic review study. Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE Ultimate, CINAHL Ultimate, ULAKBIM, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and university library databases were scanned. The initial search performed in the databases was updated on 4 February 2023, and on 7 April 2024, for potential publications included in that period. Data between February 2013 and April 2024 were scanned. The databases were searched with the keywords ‘pressure injury’, ‘nursing interventions’ and ‘open heart surgery’. The systematic compilation process was carried out in accordance with the guidelines in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guide.

Results

Seventeen studies were examined using nursing interventions that applied to the selected study population. Care packages included an inflatable head pad, a pressure sensor mattress cover, multi‐layer silicone foam, pressure‐reducing coatings, endotracheal tube (ETT) repositioning and cuff pressure regulation. Interventions to reduce PI in open heart surgery patients are applied in the preadmission, perioperative and postoperative periods.

Conclusion

It was concluded that care packages, inflatable head pads, pressure sensor bedspreads, multi‐layered silicone foam, pressure‐reducing covers, ETT repositioning and cuff pressure regulation were effective in all nursing interventions. The strength of the available evidence was rated from strong to weak.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

These findings reveal an efficient combination of multi‐component nursing interventions for preventing PIs in planning patient care in the intensive care. The interventions that are used throughout the patient's entire care process are crucial for the prevention of PIs.
Computed tomography predictors of increased transvenous lead extraction difficulty
Authors: Patel Kavisha , Toomu Sandeep , Lee Euyhyun , Darden Douglas , Jacobs Kathleen , Pollema Travis , Ho Gordon , Birgersdotter‐Green Ulrika
Published: July 2024

Background

The ability of computed tomography (CT) characteristics to predict the difficulty of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is an evolving subject.

Objective

To identify CT characteristics associated with increased TLE difficulty.

Methods

All consecutive patients undergoing TLE at the University of California San Diego from January 2018 to February 2022 were analyzed, utilizing the UC San Diego Lead Extraction Registry. Patients underwent cardiac‐gated chest CT scans with intravenous contrast; all scans were reviewed by a single radiologist. Lead extraction was performed per standard institutional protocol with the initial use of a laser sheath and crossover to a mechanical sheath as needed. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of individual lead‐removal fluoroscopy time and mechanical sheath use, as markers of extraction difficulty.

Results

A total of 343 patients were analyzed. The mean age of the study population was 63.8 ± 15.4 years; 71% were male. The mean lead dwell‐in duration was 8.6 ± 5.7 years. In multivariable linear regression analysis, venous occlusion detected on CT was independently associated with higher individual lead‐removal fluoroscopy time (p = 0.004), when adjusting for clinical characteristics such as lead dwell time. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, calcification and venous occlusion were independently associated with a higher need for mechanical sheath use during TLE (odds ratio:5.08, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 2.54–10.46) and (odds ratio:3.72, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.89–7.35), respectively.

Conclusion

In patients undergoing TLE, venous occlusion identified by chest CT is associated with increased fluoroscopy time. Patients with lead‐associated calcification or venous occlusion detected by chest CT are each five and three times more likely to require crossover from laser to a mechanical sheath.
Earlier false belief understanding predicts later lie‐telling behavior in preschool children, but not vice versa
Authors: Wang Zhenlin , Gao Xiaozi , Shao Yihan
Published: July 2024

Young children's lie‐telling behavior is associated with their theory of mind (ToM) development. However, current evidence is primarily based on cross‐sectional studies, with very little longitudinal evidence on the causal relation between the two constructs. The current study provided much‐needed cross‐lagged longitudinal evidence on the association between ToM and lying in young children. Adopting a short‐term longitudinal design, we tested 104 normally developing children's (64 boys, M = 54.0 months) false belief understanding and lie‐telling behaviors three times at 4‐month intervals. Results showed the cross‐lagged model fit the data well. Lie‐telling behaviors exhibited moderate stability across the three time points, while ToM exhibited moderate stability between the first two time points but not between Time 2 and Time 3. Earlier false belief understanding significantly predicted children's later lie‐telling behavior, controlling for family socioeconomic status, child age, gender, only child status, and Time 1 verbal ability and inhibitory control. On the contrary, earlier lie‐telling did not predict later false beliefs understanding. We concluded that earlier false belief understanding predicts later lie‐telling behavior in preschool children, but not vice versa.
Volatile pies: Modeling compositional volatility
Authors: Eastman Abbie , Junqueira Andrea , Kagalwala Ali , Philips Andrew Q. , Whitten Guy D.
Published: July 2024

Objective

The study aims to demonstrate the utility of modeling compositional volatility in substantive domains beyond budgeting.

Methods

We show how to model compositional volatility on its own or as a part of a system of equations in which the component parts of the compositional outcome variable are also modeled.

Results

Using data on the volatility of support for German political parties, we demonstrate the usefulness of stand‐alone models of compositional volatility. Using data on the volatility of income shares in the United States, we demonstrate the usefulness of modeling volatility together with compositional components.

Conclusion

There is considerable potential for modeling compositional volatility.
The pre‐transplant evaluation: Considerations for trainees and early career transplant infectious diseases clinician
Authors: Kumar Rebecca N. , Gorsline Chelsea A. , Rader Theodore , Boucher Helen W. , Malinis Maricar , Koff Alan , Harris Courtney E.
Published: July 2024

Transplant infectious disease (TID) clinicians are integral to the pre‐transplantation evaluation. Pre‐transplant evaluations allow clinicians to assess risk factors for latent infections and relevant exposures to potential pathogens, address immunizations, and optimize patients’ health and understanding of life after transplant. However, there is not a standardized approach to the pre‐transplant evaluation. This article reviews the details of performing successful pre‐transplant evaluations, including updated recommendations on available vaccines and contemporary opinions on marijuana use. This resource can be used for teaching with trainees or for early career TID clinicians.
Plastid HSP90C C‐terminal extension region plays a regulatory role in chaperone activity and client binding
Authors: Mu Bona , Nair Adheip Monikantan , Zhao Rongmin
Published: July 2024

HSP90Cs are essential molecular chaperones localized in the plastid stroma that maintain protein homeostasis and assist the import and thylakoid transport of chloroplast proteins. While HSP90C contains all conserved domains as an HSP90 family protein, it also possesses a unique feature in its variable C‐terminal extension (CTE) region. This study elucidated the specific function of this HSP90C CTE region. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that this intrinsically disordered region contains a highly conserved DPW motif in the green lineages. With biochemical assays, we showed that the CTE is required for the chaperone to effectively interact with client proteins PsbO1 and LHCB2 to regulate ATP‐independent chaperone activity and to effectuate its ATP hydrolysis. The CTE truncation mutants could support plant growth and development reminiscing the wild type under normal conditions except for a minor phenotype in cotyledon when expressed at a level comparable to wild type. However, higher HSP90C expression was observed to correlate with a stronger response to specific photosystem II inhibitor DCMU, and CTE truncations dampened the response. Additionally, when treated with lincomycin to inhibit chloroplast protein translation, CTE truncation mutants showed a delayed response to PsbO1 expression repression, suggesting its role in chloroplast retrograde signaling. Our study therefore provides insights into the mechanism of HSP90C in client protein binding and the regulation of green chloroplast maturation and function, especially under stress conditions.
Contested geopolitics of distribution in the city‐region‐building: Promoting enclave industrial parks in the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Zhang Xianchun , Zhou Zihang , Song Yang
Published: July 2024

The discourse on the ascendancy of city‐regions as a geopolitical framework predominately derives from neoliberal experiences, articulating the interplay between the politics of city‐regional distribution and the evolving role of the state in distribution governance, alongside the challenges related to post‐suburban development. Given the diverse political and economic frameworks across the state, exploring the geopolitics of city‐regional distribution beyond overwhelmed neoliberal assumptions is imperative. This study aims to explicate alternative geopolitics of distribution within China's recent city‐region‐building. Through studying the negotiation and development of two Enclave Industrial Parks (EIPs) in the Pearl River Delta, Southern China, we recontextualise the centrally orchestrated city‐regional distribution within the authoritarian framework of the developmental party‐state. We propose a conceptual framework delineating the transitional rationality of the multi‐scalar state, illustrating the political and territorial negotiation of distribution within a hierarchical resource arrangement. We argue that authoritarian distribution schemes, while manipulating the market regime, do not inherently impede the local distribution. Nonetheless, political and territorial mandates on city‐region‐building, which arbitrarily redefine the opportunities of local communities, perpetuate an authoritarian and contested nature of distribution, ultimately contributing to widening regional development disparities in contemporary China.
Method comparison between hematopoietic progenitor cell and CD34+ cell counts in hematopoietic stem cell collection
Authors: Lavalleye Thibault , Saussoy Pascale , Lambert Catherine
Published: July 2024

Background

The reference method for hematopoietic stem cell enumeration is flow cytometric CD34+ cell analysis. We evaluated using the hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) count on the Sysmex hematology analyzer to safely replace some flow cytometric measurements performed in peripheral blood samples to guide apheresis timing.

Study Design and Methods

We compared HPC and CD34+ cell counts in 133 preharvest peripheral blood samples and 124 apheresis products.

Results

Pre‐apheresis HPC counts ≥24 × 106/L in healthy donors and ≥36 × 106/L in lymphoma patients predicted adequate mobilization with 100% specificity and positive predictive value, saving 79% and 63% of flow cytometry analyses, respectively. Due to a positive bias (mean bias 50.26; 95% CI 36.24–64.29), a higher threshold was needed in multiple myeloma patients (HPC 132 × 106/L), saving only 24% of flow cytometry analyses.

Conclusion

When the HPC count is above the corresponding threshold, apheresis could be safely initiated without waiting for the flow cytometry result, thereby reducing time‐to‐decision. Lower HPC values, however, require confirmation by flow cytometry.
Optimized high‐dose granulocyte transfusions for the treatment of infections in neutropenic patients: A single‐center retrospective analysis
Authors: Hadjiyannis Yannis , Bubar Robert , Triulzi Darrell J. , Kiss Joseph , Marino Christopher C. , Kaplan Alesia
Published: July 2024

Background

Granulocyte transfusions for patients with prolonged neutropenia and severe infections has been a controversial practice. Previous studies suggest a benefit of high‐dose granulocyte transfusions (≥0.6 × 109/kg), although, until recently, the consistent production of high‐dose units has been challenging. Here, we present our experience and results utilizing high‐dose granulocyte transfusions at a large, tertiary academic medical center for the treatment of infections in adult, neutropenic patients.

Study Design/Methods

A retrospective chart review (2018–2021) was conducted for all patients who received high‐dose granulocyte transfusions from donors stimulated with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and dexamethasone. Gathered parameters included patient demographics, clinical history, infection status, dose, clinical outcomes, pre‐ and post‐absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and transfusion times including time between granulocyte collection, administration, and posttransfusion ANC count. Gathered parameters were summarized using descriptive statistics, outcomes were assessed utilizing Kaplan–Meier curves/log‐rank/regression testing.

Results

Totally 28 adult, neutropenic patients refractory to antimicrobial agents and/or G‐CSF received a total of 173 granulocyte concentrates. Median ANC increased from 0.7 × 109/L pre‐transfusion to 1.6 × 109/L posttransfusion. The mean granulocyte yield was 77.4 × 109 resulting in an average dose per kilogram of 0.90 × 109 ± 0.30 × 109 granulocytes. Composite day 42 survival and microbial response was 42.9% (n = 12/28) without significant adverse reactions.

Discussion

Here, we demonstrate the successful and safe implementation of high‐dose granulocyte transfusions for neutropenic patients. Given the rapid and consistent production, distribution, and improved granulocyte quality, further investigations to determine the clinical efficacy of G‐CSF primed granulocyte transfusions is now possible.
Separability in Morse local‐to‐global groups
Authors: Mineh Lawk , Spriano Davide
Published: July 2024

We show that in a Morse local‐to‐global group where stable subgroups are separable, the product of any stable subgroups is separable. As an application, we show that the product of stable subgroups in virtually special groups is separable.
Growth differentiation factor 15 is not modified after weight loss induced by liraglutide in South Asians and Europids with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hoekx Carlijn A. , Straat Maaike E. , Bizino Maurice B. , van Eyk Huub J. , Lamb Hildebrandus J. , Smit Johannes W. A. , Jazet Ingrid M. , de Jager Saskia C. A. , Boon Mariëtte R. , Martinez‐Tellez Borja
Published: July 2024

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists induce weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Recently, the mechanism by which metformin induces weight loss could be explained by an increase in growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which suppresses appetite. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether the GLP‐1R agonist liraglutide modifies plasma GDF15 levels in patients with T2DM. GDF15 levels were measured in plasma samples obtained from Dutch Europids and Dutch South Asians with T2DM before and after 26 weeks of treatment with daily liraglutide (n = 44) or placebo (n = 50) added to standard care. At baseline, circulating GDF15 levels did not differ between South Asians and Europids with T2DM. Treatment with liraglutide, compared to placebo, decreased body weight, but did not modify plasma GDF15 levels in all patients, or when data were split by ethnicity. Also, the change in plasma GDF15 levels after treatment with liraglutide did not correlate with changes in body weight or HbA1c levels. In addition, the dose of metformin used did not correlate with baseline plasma GDF15 levels. Compared to placebo, liraglutide treatment for 26 weeks does not modify plasma GDF15 levels in Dutch Europid or South Asian patients with T2DM. Thus, the weight loss induced by liraglutide is likely explained by other mechanisms beyond the GDF15 pathway.

Highlights

What is the central question of this study?

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) suppresses appetite and is increased by metformin: does the GLP‐1R agonist liraglutide modify plasma GDF15 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Plasma GDF15 levels did not differ between South Asians and Europids with T2DM and were not modified by 26 weeks of liraglutide in either ethnicity. Moreover, there was no correlation between the changes in plasma GDF15 levels and dosage of metformin administered, changes in body weight or HbA1c levels. The appetite‐suppressing effect of liraglutide is likely exerted via pathways other than GDF15.
Spacer Fluids for Use With Rock-Based Geopolymer
Authors: Khalili P. , Khalifeh M. , Saasen A. , Djuve J. , Delabroy L.
Published: July 2024

Developing a spacer fluid compatible with geopolymers and capable of facilitating effective mud displacement becomes imperative when considering the utilization of geopolymers as a complete substitute for cement in oil and gas well cementing. Drilling fluid contamination can impair the properties of geopolymer essential for zonal isolation. This study aims to design a spacer fluid tailored for geopolymer by first adjusting its rheological properties using rheology additives such as xanthan gum (XG), polyanionic cellulose (PAC), and bentonite to maintain viscosity hierarchy and aid in better mud removal. Followingly, the surfactant content in the spacer is adjusted to ensure its ability to clean the static mud layer on the surfaces and water-wet them, ultimately improving the geopolymer bonding. Lastly, the degree of compatibility of the optimized spacer and geopolymer was determined by examining the rheological properties, and compressive and tensile strength of the geopolymer when intermixing happens. These two fluids showed rheological compatibility based on the calculated R-index, an index frequently used in the petroleum industry for determining fluid compatibility. However, the gel strength was high for 25/75 geopolymer/spacer mixture. Solid to water and granite to ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) ratio of the hardening spacer affected the degree of curing compatibility, aligning with the sensitivity of geopolymer to variations in GGBFS and water content. Heat evolution of the geopolymer showed that excessive water can hinder the dissolution of the aluminosilicate phase and later the geopolymerization reaction.
A Posteriori Error Analysis of Defect Correction Method for Singular Perturbation Problems With Discontinuous Coefficient and Point Source
Authors: Kaushik Aditya , Jain Shivani
Published: July 2024

The paper presents a defect correction method to solve singularly perturbed problems with discontinuous coefficient and point source. The method combines an inexpensive, lower-order stable, upwind difference scheme and a higher-order, less stable central difference scheme over a layer-adapted mesh. The mesh is designed so that most mesh points remain in the regions with rapid transitions. A posteriori error analysis is presented. The proposed numerical method is analyzed for consistency, stability, and convergence. The error estimates of the proposed numerical method satisfy parameter-uniform second-order convergence on the layer-adapted grid. The convergence obtained is optimal because it is free from any logarithmic term. The numerical analysis confirms the theoretical error analysis.
Four decades of data indicate that planted mangroves stored up to 75% of the carbon stocks found in intact mature stands
Authors: Bourgeois Carine F. , MacKenzie Richard A. , Sharma Sahadev , Bhomia Rupesh K. , Johnson Nels G. , Rovai Andre S. , Worthington Thomas A. , Krauss Ken W. , Analuddin Kangkuso , Bukoski Jacob J. , Castillo Jose Alan , Elwin Angie , Glass Leah , Jennerjahn Tim C. , Mangora Mwita M. , Marchand Cyril , Osland Michael J. , Ratefinjanahary Ismaël A. , Ray Raghab , Severino G. Salmo III  , Sasmito Sigit D. , Suwa Rempei , Tinh Pham Hong , Trettin Carl C.
Published: July 2024

Mangroves’ ability to store carbon (C) has long been recognized, but little is known about whether planted mangroves can store C as efficiently as naturally established (i.e., intact) stands and in which time frame. Through Bayesian logistic models compiled from 40 years of data and built from 684 planted mangrove stands worldwide, we found that biomass C stock culminated at 71 to 73% to that of intact stands ~20 years after planting. Furthermore, prioritizing mixed-species planting including
Rhizophora
spp. would maximize C accumulation within the biomass compared to monospecific planting. Despite a 25% increase in the first 5 years following planting, no notable change was observed in the soil C stocks thereafter, which remains at a constant value of 75% to that of intact soil C stock, suggesting that planting effectively prevents further C losses due to land use change. These results have strong implications for mangrove restoration planning and serve as a baseline for future C buildup assessments.
Nanowatt all-optical 3D perception for mobile robotics
Authors: Yan Tao , Zhou Tiankuang , Guo Yanchen , Zhao Yun , Shao Guocheng , Wu Jiamin , Huang Ruqi , Dai Qionghai , Fang Lu
Published: July 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) perception is vital to drive mobile robotics’ progress toward intelligence. However, state-of-the-art 3D perception solutions require complicated postprocessing or point-by-point scanning, suffering computational burden, latency of tens of milliseconds, and additional power consumption. Here, we propose a parallel all-optical computational chipset 3D perception architecture (Aop3D) with nanowatt power and light speed. The 3D perception is executed during the light propagation over the passive chipset, and the captured light intensity distribution provides a direct reflection of the depth map, eliminating the need for extensive postprocessing. The prototype system of Aop3D is tested in various scenarios and deployed to a mobile robot, demonstrating unprecedented performance in distance detection and obstacle avoidance. Moreover, Aop3D works at a frame rate of 600 hertz and a power consumption of 33.3 nanowatts per meta-pixel experimentally. Our work is promising toward next-generation direct 3D perception techniques with light speed and high energy efficiency.
The role of the plasmon in interfacial charge transfer
Authors: Ostovar Behnaz , Lee Stephen A. , Mehmood Arshad , Farrell Kieran , Searles Emily K. , Bourgeois Briley , Chiang Wei-Yi , Misiura Anastasiia , Gross Niklas , Al-Zubeidi Alexander , Dionne Jennifer A. , Landes Christy F. , Zanni Martin , Levine Benjamin G. , Link Stephan
Published: July 2024

The lack of a detailed mechanistic understanding for plasmon-mediated charge transfer at metal-semiconductor interfaces severely limits the design of efficient photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices. A major remaining question is the relative contribution from indirect transfer of hot electrons generated by plasmon decay in the metal to the semiconductor compared to direct metal-to-semiconductor interfacial charge transfer. Here, we demonstrate an overall electron transfer efficiency of 44 ± 3% from gold nanorods to titanium oxide shells when excited on resonance. We prove that half of it originates from direct interfacial charge transfer mediated specifically by exciting the plasmon. We are able to distinguish between direct and indirect pathways through multimodal frequency-resolved approach measuring the homogeneous plasmon linewidth by single-particle scattering spectroscopy and time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy with variable pump wavelengths. Our results signify that the direct plasmon-induced charge transfer pathway is a promising way to improve hot carrier extraction efficiency by circumventing metal intrinsic decay that results mainly in nonspecific heating.
Early symptom-associated inflammatory responses shift to type 2 responses in controlled human schistosome infection
Authors: Houlder Emma L. , Stam Koen A. , Koopman Jan Pieter R. , König Marion H. , Langenberg Marijke C. C. , Hoogerwerf Marie-Astrid , Niewold Paula , Sonnet Friederike , Janse Jacqueline J. , Partal Miriam Casacuberta , Sijtsma Jeroen C. , de Bes-Roeleveld Laura H. M. , Kruize Yvonne C. M. , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Roestenberg Meta
Published: July 2024

Schistosomiasis is an infection caused by contact with
Schistosoma
-contaminated water and affects more than 230 million people worldwide with varying morbidity. The roles of T helper 2 (T
H
2) cells and regulatory immune responses in chronic infection are well documented, but less is known about human immune responses during acute infection. Here, we comprehensively map immune responses during controlled human
Schistosoma mansoni
infection using male or female cercariae. Immune responses to male or female parasite single-sex infection were comparable. An early T
H
1-biased inflammatory response was observed at week 4 after infection, which was particularly apparent in individuals experiencing symptoms of acute schistosomiasis. By week 8 after infection, inflammatory responses were followed by an expansion of T
H
2 and regulatory cell subsets. This study demonstrates the shift from T
H
1 to both T
H
2 and regulatory responses, typical of chronic schistosomiasis, in the absence of egg production and provides immunological insight into the clinical manifestations of acute schistosomiasis.
Supplemental Material: Neoproterozoic tectonic shift along the western margin of the Yangtze block, South China craton: Implications for its paleogeographic position during the Rodinia–Gondwana transition
Authors: Qi Liang , Mingcai Hou , et al.
Published: July 2024

Table S1 (U-Pb-Hf-O isotopic results of reference materials), Table S2 (LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic compositions of zircons), Table S3 (MC-ICP-MS Hf isotopic compositions of zircons), Table S4 (SIMS O isotopic compositions of zircons), Table S5 (whole-rock major, trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions), and Table S6 (zircon trace elements by LA-ICP-MS from the Panxi region).
Spatial Coherence of Exciton–Polariton Bose–Einstein Condensates
Authors: Kuznetsova N. V. , Makarov D. V. , Asriyan N. A. , Elistratov A. A. , Lozovik Yu. E.
Published: July 2024

The dynamics of an exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensate in an optical microcavity was considered. A novel version of the stochastic Gross–Pitaevskii equation was proposed to describe the condensate evolution under the non-Markovian interaction with the environment. The proposed version was used to analyze the condensate dynamics at various temperatures. The phase transition from the homogeneous to the fragmented state of the condensate near a temperature of 15 K was detected. This phase transition is accompanied by a sharp drop in the condensate density and a decrease in the correlation length. It was found that, at a temperature of 10 K, the correlation length oscillates with time. The results obtained indicated the necessity to take into account the non-Markovianity of the condensate interaction with the excitonic reservoir.
Predictors of successful neonatal intubation in inexperienced operators: a secondary, non-randomised analysis of the SHINE trial
Authors: Hodgson Kate Alison , Selvakumaran Sharoan , Francis Kate Louise , Owen Louise S , Newman Sophie E , Kamlin Camille Omar Farouk , Donath Susan , Roberts Calum T , Davis Peter G , Manley Brett James
Published: July 2024

Objective

Neonatal endotracheal intubation is a lifesaving but technically difficult procedure, particularly for inexperienced operators. This secondary analysis in a subgroup of inexperienced operators of the Stabilization with nasal High flow during Intubation of NEonates randomised trial aimed to identify the factors associated with successful intubation on the first attempt without physiological stability of the infant.

Methods

In this secondary analysis, demographic factors were compared between infants intubated by inexperienced operators and those intubated by experienced operators. Following this, for inexperienced operators only, predictors of successful intubation without physiological instability were analysed.

Results

A total of 251 intubations in 202 infants were included in the primary intention-to-treat analysis of the main trial. Inexperienced operators were more likely to perform intubations in larger and more mature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit where premedications were used. When intubations were performed by inexperienced operators, the use of nasal high flow therapy (nHF) and a higher starting fraction of inspired oxygen were associated with a higher rate of safe, successful intubation on the first attempt. There was a weaker association between premedication use and first attempt success.

Conclusions

In inexperienced operators, this secondary, non-randomised analysis suggests that the use of nHF and premedications, and matching the operator to the infant and setting, may be important to optimise neonatal intubation success.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12618001498280.
Rare clinical presentation of genital tuberculosis in an adolescent girl
Authors: Deepika Deepika , Goyal Lajya Devi
Published: July 2024

Genital tuberculosis, a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), exhibits distinct presentations. In the outpatient department, an adolescent girl reported severe pain and a feeling of heaviness in her lower abdomen for the past 6–7 days. An enlarged pelvic mass, resembling a 20-week pregnancy, was observed, seemingly originating from the pelvis. During the local examination, a transverse septum was felt in the lower vagina, with a vaginal length of 2–3 cm. The ultrasound revealed distension of the vagina with fluid containing fine internal echoes, indicating haematocolpos. MRI showed the uterus pushed upward and located at the level of the umbilicus, suggesting hydrocolpos. Based on these findings, a provisional diagnosis of transvaginal septum with haematocolpos was made. Under anaesthesia, a cruciate incision was made over the vaginal septum, resulting in the drainage of 700–800 mL of pus. The drained fluid was sent for microscopic examination, gram staining, acid-fast bacilli smear culture, and Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT). The CBNAAT test confirmed the presence of tubercle bacilli. Antitubercular therapy was initiated, and on completion of the treatment, the girl experienced the onset of menarche. This is a typical case with an unusual presentation of EPTB. What makes this case noteworthy is its initial manifestation as haematocolpos, a condition that shares a similar clinical presentation with Müllerian anomalies.