bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depredación y ecoturismo. realidades de los prestadores de servicios en la Reserva de la Biosfera Ría Celestún, Yucatán
Authors: Dickinson Castillo Jerónimo , Pinkus Rendón Miguel , Pinkus Rendón Manuel , Ramón Mac Cristóbal
Published: June 2015

En este estudio se da a conocer la percepción de los prestadores de servicios ecoturísticos (lancheros) y una funcionaria pública, sobre el impacto en las condiciones de vida, a nivel social y personal, de los programas de ecoturismo implementados por el gobierno federal. Se realizó la investigación desde el enfoque de la ecología política, para lo cual se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas grupales e individuales para la obtención de la información. Entre los resultados destacan ideas respecto a que en la elaboración de los programas federales enfocados al ecoturismo no se contempla y valora la participación de parte de los habitantes de Celestún, desaprovechándose de esta manera el conocimiento local; así también, existe la percepción acerca de que los programas no han impactado positivamente en las condiciones de vida de los habitantes de la Reserva y, al contrario, servidores públicos federales han participado e incentivado prácticas fuera de la ley, como la captura de pepino de mar, junto con actores del gobierno estatal y de la propia población local.
Candidate Ethnic Origins and Voter Preferences: Examining Name Discrimination in Local Elections in Britain
Authors: Thrasher Michael , Borisyuk Galina , Rallings Colin , Webber Richard
Published: June 2015

This article examines the relationship between candidate names as they appear on the ballot paper and voting patterns in British local elections. Specifically, it explores whether some voters favour candidates with British-sounding names over those whose names suggest either European or non-European ethnic origins. Name classification software identifies three categories of candidate: British, other European and non-European. Separate analyses of aggregate voting data are undertaken of multi-member and single-member electoral districts. Data cover the period 1973–2012, and votes for more than 400,000 candidates are examined. In multi-member districts, after comparing within-party slates and finishing order generally, candidates whose surnames suggest a British ethnic origin perform best, while non-Europeans attract fewer votes. The analysis of single-member districts focuses on a party’s vote share after taking into account the pattern of candidate recruitment across electoral cycles. It shows that vote share is adversely affected when British candidates are replaced by those with European and non-European surnames, while the opposite pattern of succession is associated with a boost in votes. It is clear that the outcome of some elections has been determined by the parties’ choice of candidates.
Salicylic acid is required forMi-1-mediated resistance of tomato to whiteflyBemisia tabaci, but not for basal defense to this insect pest
Authors: Rodríguez-Álvarez C.I. , López-Climent M.F. , Gómez-Cadenas A. , Kaloshian I. , Nombela G.
Published: June 2015

Plant defense to pests or pathogens involves global changes in gene expression mediated by multiple signaling pathways. A role for the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway inMi-1-mediated resistance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to aphids was previously identified and its implication in the resistance to root-knot nematodes is controversial, but the importance of SA in basal andMi-1-mediated resistance of tomato to whiteflyBemisia tabacihad not been determined. SA levels were measured before and afterB. tabaciinfestation in susceptible and resistantMi-1-containing tomatoes, and in plants with theNahGbacterial transgene. Tomato plants of the same genotypes were also screened withB. tabaci(MEAM1 and MED species, before known as B and Q biotypes, respectively). The SA content in all tomato genotypes transiently increased after infestation withB. tabacialbeit at variable levels. Whitefly fecundity or infestation rates on susceptible Moneymaker were not significantly affected by the expression ofNahGgene, but theMi-1-mediated resistance toB. tabaciwas lost in VFN NahG plants. Results indicated that whiteflies induce both SA and jasmonic acid accumulation in tomato. However, SA has no role in basal defense of tomato againstB. tabaci. In contrast, SA is an important component of theMi-1-mediated resistance toB. tabaciin tomato.
Changes in plant morphological expression in 12 perennial ryegrass cultivars following frequent and infrequent cutting management
Authors: CASHMAN P. A. , GILLILAND T. J. , McEVOY M. , WATSON S. , O'DONOVAN M.
Published: June 2015

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) cultivars are out-breeding populations of differing phenotypes, potentially allowing for directional selection to occur after sowing. To investigate this, the morphology of individual space plants (i.e. isolated plants sown at 0·75 m row spaces) grown from tillers extracted from single-cultivar swards subjected to frequent cutting (FC) or infrequent cutting (IC) for 5 years (aged accessions) were compared with plants grown from seed (seed accessions). The study examined 12 cultivars, creating 36 ‘accessions’ of 80 plants in each. These plants were examined for 23 morphological measurements to test for and classify directional selection in perennial ryegrass swards. A high degree of separation was achieved between the 12 seed accessions, validating the discriminating power of the experiment. Changes in morphological expression of plants taken from swards indicated selection in favour of particular morphological ideotypes. This directional selection was identified in 10 of the accessions subjected to FC and eight subjected to IC management. Emergence natural height (plant undisturbed height at inflorescence emergence) and plant volume (emergence width × emergence natural height) were the characters modified most between seed and aged accessions. The magnitude of these morphological changes varied between cultivars. Glencar had the greatest number of morphological characters exhibiting directional selection under frequent cutting, whereas Greengold had the greatest number exhibiting directional selection under infrequent cutting. The plants grown from aged swards were also smaller than the seed accessions in all characters, raising the possibility that they may also be less productive. The present study showed that sward management can cause and influence directional selection of plants from within the morphological range of expression within perennial ryegrass cultivars.
The Bellingshausen-Palmer meeting
Authors: Bulkeley Rip
Published: June 2015

The celebrated meeting between Captain Bellingshausen of the Imperial Russian Navy and the American sealing skipper Nathaniel Brown Palmer, off the South Shetland Islands in February 1821, has often been described by following just one or other of the two men's divergent and in some respects irreconcilable accounts. The most contentious issue is whether or not Palmer told Bellingshausen about the existence of a body of land to the south of the South Shetlands, known today as the Antarctic Peninsula. This note attempts to reach a balanced assessment of the matter by examining evidence from both sides, including several previously unconsidered items. It concludes that, although the truth will never be known with absolute certainty, the basic American account is more plausible, by the narrowest of narrow margins, than the Russian.
Effort reduction and the large fish indicator: spatial trends reveal positive impacts of recent European fleet reduction schemes
Authors: ENGELHARD GEORG H. , LYNAM CHRISTOPHER P. , GARCÍA-CARRERAS BERNARDO , DOLDER PAUL J. , MACKINSON STEVEN
Published: June 2015

The large fish indicator (LFI), or ‘proportion of fish greater than 40 cm length in bottom trawl surveys,’ is a frequently debated indicator of Good Environmental Status in European regional seas. How does the LFI respond to changes in fishing pressure? This question is addressed here through analysis of fine-scale spatial trends in the LFI within the North Sea, compared between two periods of contrasting fisheries management: 1983–1999 and 2000–2012, respectively, before and after the onset of the European Union's fleet reduction scheme. Over the entire period, the LFI has decreased in large parts of the North Sea. However, most of the decline was from 1983–1999; since 2000 the LFI has improved in much of the North Sea, especially in UK waters. Comparison with international effort data shows that those western areas where the LFI has improved correspond with regions where otter trawl effort has decreased since 2000 (and previously was highest in the 1990s), and also with decreases in beam trawl effort. This study provides strong support that recent European effort reduction schemes are now beginning to result in an improved ecosystem state as indicated by the regional-scale improvement in the LFI.
A Literary Philtrum or the Last Cultural Intimacy
Authors: Vraneš Branko
Published: June 2015

The philtrum – the small groove above the upper lip of every human being – is, according to Hebrew myth, the mark of an angel’s touch. The fullness and beauty of this myth does not prevent us from almost having forgotten it, while the difficulty of talking about something so human and common to all of mankind as the philtrum, within the framework of academia, provides clear evidence of the alienation of cultural discourse from its essence – the achievement of intimate, unmediated connection between cultures and nations. Likewise, despite the literary-theoretical oblivion of important ideas of literariness and the ontological cognitive power of literature, literary works, such as those of Meša Selimović, are still able to teach us about the beauty of (mutual) existence and the importance of cultural dialogue. In a sense, literature is a reservoir of humanity and a reminder of the importance of intimate human contact through cultural dialogue in the age of globalization and mechanization.
An Unknown Masterpiece: On Pak Kyongni’sLandand World Literature
Authors: Park Sowon S.
Published: June 2015

This article explores some of the issues that prevent the existence of a more diverse canon in the field of world literature. It discusses extra-literary issues that have been effectively displaced onto the question of literary quality and outlines some of the concrete hurdles that face minority literatures, with reference to the literature of modern East Asia (China, Korea and Japan). The final section examines Pak Kyongni’sLand(1969–1994), a novel virtually unknown outside of Korea but revered there as the national epic. The discussion of a work that is regarded as ‘the best that has been thought and said in the world’ by one nation yet remains practically unknown to the world will bring to the fore issues of ranking and status produced by the ‘worldification’ of literatures. In the process, it will consider some of the dynamics between nationality and universality, the relations between literature and nation, and what it means for literatures to be in dialogue when literatures and literary histories have been defined along national lines.
Talking about sensitive topics during the advance care planning discussion: A peek into the black box
Authors: Andreassen Pernille , Neergaard Mette Asbjørn , Brogaard Trine , Skorstengaard Marianne Hjorth , Jensen Anders Bonde
Published: June 2015

Objective:

Advance care planning (ACP) discussions are emphasized as a valuable way of improving communication about end-of-life care. Yet we have very little knowledge of what goes on during actual ACP discussions. The aim of our study was to explore how the sensitive topics of end-of-life decisions are addressed in concrete ACP discussions, with special focus on doctor–patient interactions.

Method:

Following a discourse-analysis approach, the study uses the concept of doctor and patient “voices” to analyze 10 directly observed and audiotaped ACP discussions among patients, relatives, and a physician, carried out in connection with a pilot study conducted in Denmark.

Results:

Previous studies of directly observed patient–physician discussions about end-of-life care show largely ineffective communication, where end-of-life issues are toned down by healthcare professionals, who also tend to dominate the discussions. In contrast, the observed ACP discussions in our study were successful in terms of addressing such sensitive issues as resuscitation and life-prolonging treatment. Our analysis shows that patients and relatives were encouraged to take the stage, to reflect, and to make informed choices. Patients actively explored different topics and asked questions about their current situation, but some also challenged the concept of ACP, especially the thought of being able to take control of end-of-life issues in advance.

Significance of Results:

Our analysis indicates that during discussions about sensitive end-of-life issues the healthcare professional will be able to pose and explore sensitive ACP questions in a straightforward manner, if the voices that express empathy and seek to empower the patient in different ways are emphasized.
Childhood trauma and adulthood inflammation: a meta-analysis of peripheral C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α
Authors: Baumeister D , Akhtar R , Ciufolini S , Pariante C M , Mondelli V
Published: June 2015

Childhood trauma confers higher risk of adulthood physical and mental illness; however, the biological mechanism mediating this association remains largely unknown. Recent research has suggested dysregulation of the immune system as a possible biological mediator. The present paper conducted a meta-analysis to establish whether early-life adversity contributes to potentially pathogenic pro-inflammatory phenotypes in adult individuals. A systematic search of Pubmed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus and Medline identified 25 articles for the meta-analysis, including 18 studies encompassing a sample of 16 870 individuals for C-reactive protein (CRP), 15 studies including 3751 individuals for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and 10 studies including 881 individuals for tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Random-effects meta-analysis showed that individuals exposed to childhood trauma had significantly elevated baseline peripheral levels of CRP (Fisher’s z=0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.05–0.14), IL-6 (z=0.08, 95% CI=0.03–0.14) and TNF-α (z=0.23, 95% CI=0.14–0.32). Subgroup analyses for specific types of trauma (sexual, physical or emotional abuse) revealed that these impact differentially the single inflammatory markers. Moreover, meta-regression revealed greater effect sizes in clinical samples for the association between childhood trauma and CRP but not for IL-6 or TNF-α. Age, body mass index (BMI) and gender had no moderating effects. The analysis demonstrates that childhood trauma contributes to a pro-inflammatory state in adulthood, with specific inflammatory profiles depending on the specific type of trauma.
Theory and computation of hot carriers generated by surface plasmon polaritons in noble metals
Authors: Bernardi Marco , Mustafa Jamal , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Louie Steven G.
Published: June 2015

Hot carriers (HC) generated by surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in noble metals are promising for application in optoelectronics, plasmonics and renewable energy. However, existing models fail to explain key quantitative details of SPP-to-HC conversion experiments. Here we develop a quantum mechanical framework and apply first-principles calculations to study the energy distribution and scattering processes of HCs generated by SPPs in Au and Ag. We find that the relative positions of thesanddbands of noble metals regulate the energy distribution and mean free path of the HCs, and that the electron–phonon interaction controls HC energy loss and transport. Our results prescribe optimal conditions for HC generation and extraction, and invalidate previously employed free-electron-like models. Our work combines density functional theory, GW and electron–phonon calculations to provide microscopic insight into HC generation and ultrafast dynamics in noble metals.
A Mesozoic bird from Gondwana preserving feathers
Authors: de Souza Carvalho Ismar , Novas Fernando E. , Agnolín Federico L. , Isasi Marcelo P. , Freitas Francisco I. , Andrade José A.
Published: June 2015

The fossil record of birds in the Mesozoic of Gondwana is mostly based on isolated and often poorly preserved specimens, none of which has preserved details on feather anatomy. We provide the description of a fossil bird represented by a skeleton with feathers from the Early Cretaceous of Gondwana (NE Brazil). The specimen sheds light on the homology and 3D structure of the rachis-dominated feathers, previously known from two-dimensional slabs. The rectrices exhibit a row of rounded spots, probably corresponding to some original colour pattern. The specimen supports the identification of the feather scapus as the rachis, which is notably robust and elliptical in cross-section. In spite of its juvenile nature, the tail plumage resembles the feathering of adult individuals of modern birds. Documentation of rachis-dominated tail in South American enantiornithines broadens the paleobiogeographic distribution of basal birds with this tail feather morphotype, up to now only reported from China.
The role of Hurst exponent on cold field electron emission from conducting materials: from electric field distribution to Fowler-Nordheim plots
Authors: de Assis T. A.
Published: June 2015

This work considers the effects of the Hurst exponent (H) on the local electric field distribution and the slope of the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plot when considering the cold field electron emission properties of rough Large-Area Conducting Field Emitter Surfaces (LACFESs). A LACFES is represented by a self-affine Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function in a given spatial direction. For 0.1 ≤ H < 0.5, the local electric field distribution exhibits two clear exponential regimes. Moreover, a scaling between the macroscopic current density ("Equation missing") and the characteristic kernel current density ("Equation missing"), "Equation missing", with an H-dependent exponent "Equation missing", has been found. This feature, which is less pronounced (but not absent) in the range where more smooth surfaces have been found ("Equation missing"), is a consequence of the dependency between the area efficiency of emission of a LACFES and the macroscopic electric field, which is often neglected in the interpretation of cold field electron emission experiments. Considering the recent developments in orthodox field emission theory, we show that the exponent "Equation missing" must be considered when calculating the slope characterization parameter (SCP) and thus provides a relevant method of more precisely extracting the characteristic field enhancement factor from the slope of the FN plot.
TFH cells accumulate in mucosal tissues of humanized-DRAG mice and are highly permissive to HIV-1
Authors: Allam Atef , Majji Sai , Peachman Kristina , Jagodzinski Linda , Kim Jiae , Ratto-Kim Silvia , Wijayalath Wathsala , Merbah Melanie , Kim Jerome H. , Michael Nelson L. , Alving Carl R. , Casares Sofia , Rao Mangala
Published: June 2015

CD4+ T follicular helper cells (TFH) in germinal centers are required for maturation of B-cells. While the role of TFH-cells has been studied in blood and lymph nodes of HIV-1 infected individuals, its role in the mucosal tissues has not been investigated. We show that the gut and female reproductive tract (FRT) of humanized DRAG mice have a high level of human lymphocytes and a high frequency of TFH (CXCR5+PD-1++) and precursor-TFH (CXCR5+PD-1+) cells. The majority of TFH-cells expressed CCR5 and CXCR3 and are the most permissive to HIV-1 infection. A single low-dose intravaginal HIV-1 challenge of humanized DRAG mice results in 100% infectivity with accumulation of TFH-cells mainly in the Peyer’s patches and FRT. The novel finding of TFH-cells in the FRT may contribute to the high susceptibility of DRAG mice to HIV-1 infection. This mouse model thus provides new opportunities to study TFH-cells and to evaluate HIV-1 vaccines.
Direct measurements of magnetic interaction-induced cross-correlations of two microparticles in Brownian motion
Authors: Romodina Maria N. , Khokhlova Maria D. , Lyubin Evgeny V. , Fedyanin Andrey A.
Published: June 2015

The effect of magnetic interactions on the Brownian motion of two magnetic microparticles is investigated. The cross-correlations of the thermal fluctuations of the two magnetic microbeads are directly measured using double-trap optical tweezers. It is experimentally demonstrated that the cross-correlation function is governed by the gradient of the magnetic force between the microparticles. The magnetic forces are measured with femtonewton precision and the magnetic dipole moments of individual microparticles are determined within an accuracy on the order of fA-m2.
Well-temperate phage: optimal bet-hedging against local environmental collapses
Authors: Maslov Sergei , Sneppen Kim
Published: June 2015

Upon infection of their bacterial hosts temperate phages must chose between lysogenic and lytic developmental strategies. Here we apply the game-theoretic bet-hedging strategy introduced by Kelly to derive the optimal lysogenic fraction of the total population of phages as a function of frequency and intensity of environmental downturns affecting the lytic subpopulation. “Well-temperate” phage from our title is characterized by the best long-term population growth rate. We show that it is realized when the lysogenization frequency is approximately equal to the probability of lytic population collapse. We further predict the existence of sharp boundaries in system’s environmental, ecological and biophysical parameters separating the regions where this temperate strategy is optimal from those dominated by purely virulent or dormant (purely lysogenic) strategies. We show that the virulent strategy works best for phages with large diversity of hosts and access to multiple independent environments reachable by diffusion. Conversely, progressively more temperate or even dormant strategies are favored in the environments, that are subject to frequent and severe temporal downturns.
Spatial resolution versus data acquisition efficiency in mapping an inhomogeneous system with species diffusion
Authors: Chen Fengxiang , Zhang Yong , Gfroerer T. H. , Finger A. N. , Wanlass M. W.
Published: June 2015

Traditionally, spatially-resolved photoluminescence (PL) has been performed using a point-by-point scan mode with both excitation and detection occurring at the same spatial location. But with the availability of high quality detector arrays like CCDs, an imaging mode has become popular for performing spatially-resolved PL. By illuminating the entire area of interest and collecting the data simultaneously from all spatial locations, the measurement efficiency can be greatly improved. However, this new approach has proceeded under the implicit assumption of comparable spatial resolution. We show here that when carrier diffusion is present, the spatial resolution can actually differ substantially between the two modes, with the less efficient scan mode being far superior. We apply both techniques in investigation of defects in a GaAs epilayer – where isolated singlet and doublet dislocations can be identified. A superposition principle is developed for solving the diffusion equation to extract the intrinsic carrier diffusion length, which can be applied to a system with arbitrarily distributed defects. The understanding derived from this work is significant for a broad range of problems in physics and beyond (for instance biology) – whenever the dynamics of generation, diffusion and annihilation of species can be probed with either measurement mode.
Black metal thin films by deposition on dielectric antireflective moth-eye nanostructures
Authors: Christiansen Alexander B. , Caringal Gideon P. , Clausen Jeppe S. , Grajower Meir , Taha Hesham , Levy Uriel , Asger Mortensen N. , Kristensen Anders
Published: June 2015

Although metals are commonly shiny and highly reflective, we here show that thin metal films appear black when deposited on a dielectric with antireflective moth-eye nanostructures. The nanostructures were tapered and close-packed, with heights in the range 300-600 nm and a lateral, spatial frequency in the range 5–7 μm−1. A reflectance in the visible spectrum as low as 6% and an absorbance of 90% was observed for an Al film of 100 nm thickness. Corresponding experiments on a planar film yielded 80% reflectance and 20% absorbance. The observed absorbance enhancement is attributed to a gradient effect causing the metal film to be antireflective, analogous to the mechanism in dielectrics and semiconductors. We find that the investigated nanostructures have too large spatial frequency to facilitate efficient coupling to the otherwise non-radiating surface plasmons. Applications for decoration and displays are discussed.
Disease Containment Strategies based on Mobility and Information Dissemination
Authors: Lima A. , De Domenico M. , Pejovic V. , Musolesi M.
Published: June 2015

Human mobility and social structure are at the basis of disease spreading. Disease containment strategies are usually devised from coarse-grained assumptions about human mobility. Cellular networks data, however, provides finer-grained information, not only about how people move, but also about how they communicate. In this paper we analyze the behavior of a large number of individuals in Ivory Coast using cellular network data. We model mobility and communication between individuals by means of an interconnected multiplex structure where each node represents the population in a geographic area (i.e., a sous-préfecture, a third-level administrative region). We present a model that describes how diseases circulate around the country as people move between regions. We extend the model with a concurrent process of relevant information spreading. This process corresponds to people disseminating disease prevention information, e.g., hygiene practices, vaccination campaign notices and other, within their social network. Thus, this process interferes with the epidemic. We then evaluate how restricting the mobility or using preventive information spreading process affects the epidemic. We find that restricting mobility does not delay the occurrence of an endemic state and that an information campaign might be an effective countermeasure.
Investigation of mid-infrared emission characteristics and energy transfer dynamics in Er3+ doped oxyfluoride tellurite glass
Authors: Chen Fangze , Wei Tao , Jing Xufeng , Tian Ying , Zhang Junjie , Xu Shiqing
Published: June 2015

Er3+ doped oxyfluoride tellurite glasses have been prepared. Three Judd-Ofelt parameters Ωt (t = 2, 4, 6) and radiative properties are calculated for prepared glasses. Emission characteristics are analyzed and it is found that prepared glasses possess larger calculated predicted spontaneous transition probability (39.97 s−1), emission cross section σem (10.18 × 10−21 cm2) and σem × Δλeff (945.32 × 10−28 cm3), corresponding to the 2.7 μm emission of Er3+: 4I11/2→ 4I13/2 transition. The results suggest that the prepared glasses might be appropriate optical material for mid-infrared laser application. Moreover, rate equation analysis which is rarely used in bulk glass has been carried out to explain the relationship between emission intensity and Er3+ concentration. The calculation results show that with the increment of Er3+ concentration, the energy transfer up-conversion rate of 4I13/2 state increases while the rate of 4I11/2 state reduces, resulting in the change of 2.7 μm emission.
Detecting the influence of rare stressors on rare species in Yosemite National Park using a novel stratified permutation test
Authors: Matchett J. R. , Stark Philip B. , Ostoja Steven M. , Knapp Roland A. , McKenny Heather C. , Brooks Matthew L. , Langford William T. , Joppa Lucas N. , Berlow Eric L.
Published: June 2015

Statistical models often use observational data to predict phenomena; however, interpreting model terms to understand their influence can be problematic. This issue poses a challenge in species conservation where setting priorities requires estimating influences of potential stressors using observational data. We present a novel approach for inferring influence of a rare stressor on a rare species by blending predictive models with nonparametric permutation tests. We illustrate the approach with two case studies involving rare amphibians in Yosemite National Park, USA. The endangered frog, Rana sierrae, is known to be negatively impacted by non-native fish, while the threatened toad, Anaxyrus canorus, is potentially affected by packstock. Both stressors and amphibians are rare, occurring in ~10% of potential habitat patches. We first predict amphibian occupancy with a statistical model that includes all predictors but the stressor to stratify potential habitat by predicted suitability. A stratified permutation test then evaluates the association between stressor and amphibian, all else equal. Our approach confirms the known negative relationship between fish and R. sierrae, but finds no evidence of a negative relationship between current packstock use and A. canorus breeding. Our statistical approach has potential broad application for deriving understanding (not just prediction) from observational data.
Bounded rationality alters the dynamics of paediatric immunization acceptance
Authors: Oraby Tamer , Bauch Chris T.
Published: June 2015

Interactions between disease dynamics and vaccinating behavior have been explored in many coupled behavior-disease models. Cognitive effects such as risk perception, framing and subjective probabilities of adverse events can be important determinants of the vaccinating behaviour and represent departures from the pure “rational” decision model that are often described as “bounded rationality”. However, the impact of such cognitive effects in the context of paediatric infectious disease vaccines has received relatively little attention. Here, we develop a disease-behavior model that accounts for bounded rationality through prospect theory. We analyze the model and compare its predictions to a reduced model that lacks bounded rationality. We find that, in general, introducing bounded rationality increases the dynamical richness of the model and makes it harder to eliminate a paediatric infectious disease. In contrast, in other cases, a low cost, highly efficacious vaccine can be refused, even when the rational decision model predicts acceptance. Injunctive social norms can prevent vaccine refusal, if vaccine acceptance is sufficiently high in the beginning of the vaccination campaign. Cognitive processes can have major impacts on the predictions of behaviour-disease models and further study of such processes in the context of vaccination is thus warranted.
Advanced aqueous rechargeable lithium battery using nanoparticulate LiTi2(PO4)3/C as a superior anode
Authors: Sun Dan , Jiang Yifan , Wang Haiyan , Yao Yan , Xu Guoqing , He Kejian , Liu Suqin , Tang Yougen , Liu Younian , Huang Xiaobing
Published: June 2015

Poor cycling performance arising from the instability of anode is still a main challenge for aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries (ARLB). In the present work, a high performance LiTi2(PO4)3/C composite has been achieved by a novel and facile preparation method associated with an in-situ carbon coating approach. The LiTi2(PO4)3/C nanoparticles show high purity and the carbon layer is very uniform. When used as an anode material, the ARLB of LiTi2(PO4)3/C//LiMn2O4 delivered superior cycling stability with a capacity retention of 90% after 300 cycles at 30 mA g−1 and 84% at 150 mA g−1 over 1300 cycles. It also demonstrated excellent rate capability with reversible discharge capacities of 115 and 89 mAh g−1 (based on the mass of anode) at 15 and 1500 mA g−1, respectively. The superior electrochemical properties should be mainly ascribed to the high performance of LiTi2(PO4)3/C anode, benefiting from its nanostructure, high-quality carbon coating, appropriate crystal structure and excellent electrode surface stability as verified by Raman spectra, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements.
CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage of viral DNA efficiently suppresses hepatitis B virus
Authors: Ramanan Vyas , Shlomai Amir , Cox David B.T. , Schwartz Robert E. , Michailidis Eleftherios , Bhatta Ankit , Scott David A. , Zhang Feng , Rice Charles M. , Bhatia Sangeeta N.
Published: June 2015

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent, deadly and seldom cured due to the persistence of viral episomal DNA (cccDNA) in infected cells. Newly developed genome engineering tools may offer the ability to directly cleave viral DNA, thereby promoting viral clearance. Here, we show that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can specifically target and cleave conserved regions in the HBV genome, resulting in robust suppression of viral gene expression and replication. Upon sustained expression of Cas9 and appropriately chosen guide RNAs, we demonstrate cleavage of cccDNA by Cas9 and a dramatic reduction in both cccDNA and other parameters of viral gene expression and replication. Thus, we show that directly targeting viral episomal DNA is a novel therapeutic approach to control the virus and possibly cure patients.
Maskless inverted pyramid texturization of silicon
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Lixia , Liu Yaoping , Mei Zengxia , Chen Wei , Li Junqiang , Liang Huili , Kuznetsov Andrej , Xiaolong Du
Published: June 2015

We discovered a technical solution of such outstanding importance that it can trigger new approaches in silicon wet etching processing and, in particular, photovoltaic cell manufacturing. The so called inverted pyramid arrays, outperforming conventional pyramid textures and black silicon because of their superior light-trapping and structure characteristics, can currently only be achieved using more complex techniques involving lithography, laser processing, etc. Importantly, our data demonstrate a feasibility of inverted pyramidal texturization of silicon by maskless Cu-nanoparticles assisted etching in Cu(NO3)2 / HF / H2O2 / H2O solutions and as such may have significant impacts on communities of fellow researchers and industrialists.
The role of basic residues in the adsorption of blood proteins onto the graphene surface
Authors: Gu Zonglin , Yang Zaixing , Wang Lingle , Zhou Hong , Jimenez-Cruz Camilo A. , Zhou Ruhong
Published: June 2015

With its many unique properties, graphene has shown great potential in various biomedical applications, while its biocompatibility has also attracted growing concerns. Previous studies have shown that the formation of protein-graphene corona could effectively reduce its cytotoxicity; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains not well-understood. Herein, we use extensive molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate that blood proteins such as bovine fibrinogen (BFG) can absorb onto the graphene surface quickly and tightly to form a corona complex. Aromatic residues contributed significantly during this adsorption process due to the strong π−π stacking interactions between their aromatic rings and the graphene sp2-carbons. Somewhat surprisingly, basic residues like arginine, also played an equally or even stronger role during this process. The strong dispersion interactions between the sidechains of these solvent-exposed basic residues and the graphene surface provide the driving force for a tight binding of these basic residues. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study with blood proteins to show that, in addition to the aromatic residues, the basic residues also play an important role in the formation of protein-graphene corona complexes.
Screw sense alone can govern enantioselective extension of a helical peptide by kinetic resolution of a racemic amino acid
Authors: Byrne Liam , Solà Jordi , Clayden Jonathan
Published: June 2015

Helical secondary structure alone, even in the absence of local chiral residues, can direct the enantioselectivity of peptide coupling.
Probing the tunable surface chemistry of graphene oxide
Authors: Liu Zhen , Liu Jingquan , Li Da , Francis Paul S. , Barnett Neil W. , Barrow Colin J. , Yang Wenrong
Published: June 2015

Detailed understanding of surface chemistry of graphene oxide (GO) has been explored by probing the interactions transitions on GO/[Ru(bpy)3]2+ surface.
An accurate mass spectrometric approach for the simultaneous comparison of GSH, Cys, and Hcy in L02 cells and HepG2 cells using new NPSP isotope probes
Authors: Li Lu , Wang Xiuli , Li Qingling , Liu Pengyuan , Xu Kehua , Chen Hao , Tang Bo
Published: June 2015

An accurate LC/ESI-MS method based on new NPSP isotope probes for simultaneous quantitative comparison of cellular biothiols.
The crystalline sponge method: MOF terminal ligand effects
Authors: Ramadhar Timothy R. , Zheng Shao-Liang , Chen Yu-Sheng , Clardy Jon
Published: June 2015

Halide analogs of the commonly used MOF for the crystalline sponge method have been synthesized and analyzed, after chiral guest inclusion, using synchrotron radiation. The effects and potential benefits of varying the MOF terminal ligand are discussed.
Concomitant conformational dimorphism in 1,2-bis(9-anthryl)acetylene
Authors: Goldstein Rebecca I. , Guo Rui , Hughes Conor , Maurer Daniel P. , Newhouse Timothy R. , Sisto Thomas J. , Conry Rebecca R. , Price Sarah L. , Thamattoor Dasan M.
Published: June 2015

The structure of a concomitant conformational polymorph of an opto-electronic material raises questions about polymorphism.
Influence of isomerism on recrystallization and cocrystallization induced by CO2 as an antisolvent
Authors: Harscoat-Schiavo C. , Neurohr C. , Lecomte S. , Marchivie M. , Subra-Paternault P.
Published: June 2015

The position of the amine group in aminosalicylic acid has a significant impact not only on polymorph or cocrystal formation but also on the crystal shape during crystallization using CO2 as an antisolvent.
How does the plasmonic enhancement of molecular absorption depend on the energy gap between molecular excitation and plasmon modes: a mixed TDDFT/FDTD investigation
Authors: Sun Jin , Li Guang , Liang WanZhen
Published: June 2015

A real-time time-dependent density functional theory method coupled with the classical electrodynamics finite difference time domain technique is employed to systematically investigate the optical properties of hybrid systems composed of silver nanoparticles (NPs) and organic adsorbates.
Resolving the ambiguity in the relation between Stokes shift and Huang–Rhys parameter
Authors: de Jong Mathijs , Seijo Luis , Meijerink Andries , Rabouw Freddy T.
Published: June 2015

We report new insights in the currently ambiguous relation between two fundamental luminescence properties: Huang–Rhys parameter and Stokes shift.
Accelerated materials design of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 oxygen ionic conductors based on first principles calculations
Authors: He Xingfeng , Mo Yifei
Published: June 2015

First principle calculations are performed to accelerate the design of new oxygen ionic conductors.
New platinum and ruthenium Schiff base complexes for water splitting reactions
Authors: Wang Chuanjun , Chen Yong , Fu Wen-Fu
Published: June 2015

New Pt(ii) and Ru(ii) complexes with Schiff base ligands display effective visible-light catalytic water reduction and Ce4+-driven oxidation activities, respectively.
A robust enzymeless glucose sensor based on CuO nanoseed modified electrodes
Authors: Ahmad Rafiq , Tripathy Nirmalya , Hahn Yoon-Bong , Umar Ahmad , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Kim S. H.
Published: June 2015

CuO nanoseeds were synthesized via a low-temperature aqueous route, for the fabrication of a robust enzymeless glucose sensor.
Thermochromism and switchable paramagnetism of cobalt(ii) in thiocyanate ionic liquids
Authors: Osborne Stephen J. , Wellens Sil , Ward Chris , Felton Solveig , Bowman Robert M. , Binnemans Koen , Swadźba-Kwaśny Małgorzata , Gunaratne H. Q. Nimal , Nockemann Peter
Published: June 2015

Temperature-dependent switching of paramagnetism of a cobalt(ii) complex is observed in an ionic liquid solution.
Oil spill problems and sustainable response strategies through new technologies
Authors: Ivshina Irena B. , Kuyukina Maria S. , Krivoruchko Anastasiya V. , Elkin Andrey A. , Makarov Sergey O. , Cunningham Colin J. , Peshkur Tatyana A. , Atlas Ronald M. , Philp James C.
Published: June 2015

Crude oil and petroleum products are widespread water and soil pollutants resulting from marine and terrestrial spillages.
Inspired by bread leavening: one-pot synthesis of hierarchically porous carbon for supercapacitors
Authors: Deng Jiang , Xiong Tianyi , Xu Fan , Li Mingming , Han Chuanlong , Gong Yutong , Wang Haiyan , Wang Yong
Published: June 2015

A simple and universal methodology for carbon materials derived from biomass with a hierarchical structure is described.
A low cost, low energy route to solar grade silicon from rice hull ash (RHA), a sustainable source
Authors: Marchal Julien C. , Krug III David J. , McDonnell Patrick , Sun Kai , Laine Richard M.
Published: June 2015

Polycrystalline silicon, with impurity levels lower than those of the SEMI III standard for solar grade silicon feedstock (≈99.9999% pure), was produced using rice hull ash (RHA) as a biogenic silica source.
N-Substituted carbamate synthesis using urea as carbonyl source over TiO2–Cr2O3/SiO2 catalyst
Authors: Wang Peixue , Ma Yubo , Liu Shimin , Zhou Feng , Yang Benqun , Deng Youquan
Published: June 2015

The synthesis of N-substituted carbamates from amines, urea and alcohols over a TiO2–Cr2O3/SiO2 catalyst.
Synthesis and fluorescence properties of columnar porous silicon: the influence of Cu-coating on the photoluminescence behaviour of hydrofluoric-acid-treated aged columnar porous silicon
Authors: Lu Xu , Ishida Yohei , Yonezawa Tetsu
Published: June 2015

The prepared Cu-PSi shows relatively stable blue and yellow luminescence peaks. The preparation does not require any high-temperature treatment.
Synthetic applications of hypophosphite derivatives in reduction
Authors: Guyon Carole , Métay Estelle , Popowycz Florence , Lemaire Marc
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this review is to collect the applications in fine synthesis of hypophosphite derivatives as reducing agents.
Enhancement of N2O catalytic decomposition over Ca modified Co3O4 catalyst
Authors: Zhang Qiulin , Tang Xiaosu , Ning Ping , Duan Yankang , Song Zhongxian , Shi Yuzhen
Published: June 2015

The addition of suitable amounts of Ca species into Co3O4 can decrease the activation energy and increase the N2O decomposition activity.
Anti-degradation gelatin films crosslinked by active ester based on cellulose
Authors: Zhuang Chen , Tao Furong , Cui Yuezhi
Published: June 2015

An anti-degradation gelatin film crosslinked by an active ester based on MCC was prepared for applications in the food industry, medical engineering, agriculture,etc.
Synthesis of chlorostannate(ii) ionic liquids and their novel application in the preparation of high-qualityl-lactide
Authors: Jiang Bin , Tantai Xiaowei , Zhang Luhong , Hao Li , Sun Yongli , Deng Lin , Shi Zhiqiang
Published: June 2015

A highly efficient approach for the resynthesis ofl-lactideviathe prepolymer route using chlorostannate(ii) ionic liquids as catalysts has been established.
Microstructures, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of SiBCN ceramics with the addition of MgO, ZrO2 and SiO2 (MZS) as sintering additives
Authors: Li Daxin , Yang Zhihua , Mao Zhubo , Jia Dechang , Cai Delong , Liang Bin , Duan Xiaoming , He Peigang , Rao Jiancun
Published: June 2015

Owing to the effective densification caused by sintering additives, the mechanical properties of SM1 and SM2 are far superior to monolithic SiBCN.
High-performance InGaZnO thin-film transistor incorporating a HfO2/Er2O3/HfO2stacked gate dielectric
Authors: Pan Tung-Ming , Chen Fa-Hsyang , Shao Yu-Hsuan
Published: June 2015

In this paper, a HfO2/Er2O3/HfO2(HEH) stacked structure was developed as a gate dielectric for amorphous InGaZnO (α-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) applications.
Synthesis of MoO2 hierarchical peony-like microspheres without a template and their application in lithium ion batteries
Authors: Tang Shasha , Ouyang Bin , Yang Linyu , Ji Wenhai
Published: June 2015

Hierarchical peony-like MoO2 microspheres are fabricated via a simple template-free solvothermal method and evaluated as anode materials.
Multi-layered graphene quantum dots derived photodegradation mechanism of methylene blue
Authors: Umrao Sima , Sharma Poornima , Bansal Anushka , Sinha Ranjna , Singh Ranjan K. , Srivastava Anchal
Published: June 2015

Efficient visible light photodegradation of methylene blue using multi-layered graphene quantum dots (MLGQDs) has been studied with clear mechanism.
Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of a two-dimensional GeH/graphene heterobilayer under visible light
Authors: Jin Hao , Dai Ying , Ma Xiang-Chao , Yu Lin , Wei Wei , Huang Bai-Biao
Published: June 2015

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of GeH as well as a GeH/graphene heterointerface are studied based on hybrid DFT calculations including the nonlocal vdW correction.
Retracted Article: Effect of ethylene glycol on hydrothermal formation of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers with high aspect ratios
Authors: Zhao Wenpeng , Wu Yumin , Xu Jun , Gao Chuanhui
Published: June 2015

A facile ethylene glycol-assisted hydrothermal method was developed to synthesis HH whiskers with high aspect ratios.
Effective catalytic hydrodechlorination of chlorophenoxyacetic acids over Pd/graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Jiang Fang , Tan Wenhui , Chen Huan , Tan Ling , Liu Jingliang
Published: June 2015

Catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) of chlorophenoxyacetic acids was performed over Pd/graphitic carbon nitride (Pd/g-C3N4) catalysts in the present work.
Large d33and enhanced ferroelectric/dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based composites filled with Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3nanofibers
Authors: Chang Jie , Shen Yang , Chu Xiangcheng , Zhang Xuehui , Song Yu , Lin Yuanhua , Nan Ce-Wen , Li Longtu
Published: June 2015

Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT) nanofibers with diameters of 150–200 nm are preparedviaelectrospinning and used as dielectric fillers in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based composite films.
Ionic liquid/water mixture promoted organic transformations
Authors: Reddy Pedavenkatagari Narayana , Padmaja Pannala , Subba Reddy Basireddy V. , Rambabu Gundla
Published: June 2015

Wet ILs constitutes a new class of solvents with their own new and interesting properties. The IL–water mixing makes it easy to control the properties of the solution and the formation of these ionic liquid mixtures increases synthetic flexibility.
Graphene/SrTiO3nanocomposites used as an effective electron-transporting layer for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Chen , Tang Ying , Hu Yajing , Huang Lu , Fu Jianxun , Jin Jing , Shi Weimin , Wang Linjun , Yang Weiguang
Published: June 2015

The device based on graphene/SrTiO3nanocomposites exhibited a PCE of 10% with aJscof 18.08 mA cm−2.
Correction: Investigation of the tunable properties of graphene complementary terahertz metamaterials
Authors: He Xiaoyong , Liu Chunlin , Zhong Xu , Shi Wangzhou
Published: June 2015

Correction for ‘Investigation of the tunable properties of graphene complementary terahertz metamaterials’ by Xiaoyong He et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 11818–11824.
Brushes of semiflexible polymers in equilibrium and under flow in a super-hydrophobic regime
Authors: Speyer K. , Pastorino C.
Published: June 2015

We performed molecular dynamics simulations to study equilibrium and flow properties of a liquid in a nano-channel with confining surfaces coated with a layer of grafted semiflexible polymers.
Impact of galactosylceramides on the nanomechanical properties of lipid bilayer models: an AFM-force spectroscopy study
Authors: Gumí-Audenis Berta , Sanz Fausto , Giannotti Marina I.
Published: June 2015

An AFM-force spectroscopy study shows that galactosylceramides intensify the nanomechanical stability of lipid bilayer models.