bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting wellness: Caregiver perceptions of student mental health in an alternative school in the United States
Authors: Jordan Kasey , Jackson Madison , Jordan Adam
Published: February 2019

Background:

Family perceptions of school environments are fundamental information for effective collaboration, but little is known about how families perceive academic alternatives for high-risk youth.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to identify primary caregiver (i.e. parent and grandparent), perceptions of student mental health influences in an alternative school for middle and high school youth.

Methods:

This qualitative study was conducted with a grounded theory approach. Interviews were analysed using process coding.

Findings:

Major themes include escaping harm, connecting with others, promoting self-regulation, and protecting hope.

Conclusions:

School nurses may transfer these results to support health and wellness promoting interventions in youth at risk for dropping out of school. Key strategies for student mental health promotion are presented.
Should school nurses embrace new therapeutic approaches to enhancing emotional wellbeing?
Authors: Day Patricia
Published: February 2019

Only 1 in 4 young people under 18 with a diagnosable mental health problem receives treatment, with the others considered not to need help after undergoing triage. School nurses have a window of opportunity to make a real difference to the crisis in teenage mental health.
Measurement of FeNO in asthma: what the hospital doctor needs to know
Authors: Rupani Hitasha , Chauhan Anoop J
Published: February 2019

Asthma is the commonest chronic lung disease. Airway inflammation is a central component of asthma but clinical symptoms of asthma and standard spirometry are insensitive in reflecting the underlying inflammatory processes. Measurement of the fractional nitric oxide concentration in exhaled breath (FeNO) is a quantitative, non-invasive and safe method of measuring airway inflammation. Advances in technology and standardization have made FeNO measurements simple, enabling their use as a biomarker alongside traditional clinical tools in the assessment and management of asthma. Specifically, it can predict responsiveness to steroids and also newer biological therapy, predict future risk of exacerbation and help highlight treatment non-adherence, making it a useful asset to personalized medicine.
SLCN in key stage 3: Effective interventions
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: February 2019

The final part of Matt Bromley's series on supporting speech, language and communication needs looks at strategies for effective differentiation and additional interventions
Customizations, collections and corporations: Mass production and self-expression
Authors: Godwin Victoria L.
Published: February 2019

Collecting and customizing highlight the interrelation of fan works and fan practices with corporate counterparts. Neither can be neatly isolated from the other. Corporations appropriate multiple aspects of material fan practices to encourage consumption, framing choice as customization and mass-produced merchandise as rare collectibles. Meanwhile, fans practice mini-mass-production, making multiple versions of fan works for sale or trade. Moving beyond an artificial value-laden binary opposition between fan customizations and collections or corporate versions, it would be more productive to focus on how both satisfy human urges for control and self-expression via one’s own creations and possessions. The personal investment of time and effort offers an expression and extension of self. Fans use toys, shoes, phone cases and other merchandise as raw materials for their creations. What varies is the amount of time, energy, skill or material resources individuals are able or willing to invest. Thus multiple supposedly distinct fan practices interconnect: customizers modifying or creating beloved fan objects; customers selecting from predetermined options to make their own variations on shoes, phone cases and other merchandise; shoppers seeking slight variations in seemingly identical items or collectors assembling work created by corporations or other customizers to display their own creations. Even if corporations monetize some forms of self-expression, collecting or customizing such items should be recognized as a form of fan activity instead of dismissed as mere consumerism.
‘Orgies of the upper gallery’: Preliminary reflections on nineteenth-century theatre fans
Authors: Łuksza Agata
Published: February 2019

Since the very beginning, fan studies have challenged common assumptions about media fans, gradually opening the research field onto different aspects and dimensions of fan culture. So far, however, little has been done regarding both fandom history and theatre fandoms, which would significantly enrich the landscape of fan studies. This article assesses the current state of research on historical audiences, and how historical knowledge on theatre audiences and methodologies, developed within these studies, can be further explored from a fan studies perspective. It is an attempt to look at nineteenth-century theatre through the lenses of the most engaged spectators, whom I call simply ‘theatre fans’, and recover their experiences, behaviours and practices. Broadly speaking, this article seeks to discuss the challenges and opportunities of fan history research by investigating some examples of historical fan practices in Warsaw Theatres and focusing on the early case of ‘fandom war’ between the czakiści and wisnowczycy, as the groups of fans of two actresses – Jadwiga Czaki and Maria Wisnowska – identified themselves. The aim is to re-evaluate fan practices and media engagements in the nineteenth century to recover the then emerging matrix of meanings essential to the understanding of fandom.
Urban poachers: Cosplay, playful cultures and the appropriation of urban space
Authors: Crawford Garry , Hancock David
Published: February 2019

This article considers cosplayers’ use and transformation of urban space. Cosplay provides an important subcultural embodiment of contemporary popular culture, through which we can learn a great deal about contemporary forms of fandom, participatory culture and (mostly notably here) urban appropriation. This article draws on data gathered from a four-year ethnographic study, which includes the use of art as a method, but here specifically looks at a small cosplay community that regularly meets in a park in Manchester. The article argues that a useful way of understanding cosplay is to consider the relationship between play and culture. In particular, the article sets out a consideration of how cosplayers transform social spaces through the use of process of synecdoche and asyndeton, which link together and edit out parts of the built environment – or what we term ‘urban poaching’.
Spatial development of the St. Michael Castle on the island of Ugljan
Authors: Marasović Katja , Vidović Rea
Published: February 2019

In 1203, the Venetians built a fort on the island of Ugljan, above the town of Preko, opposite to the city of Zadar, so as to prevent reconstruction of the city demolished by the Crusaders. Based on scientific analysis of published papers, historical sources, and traces visible on the structure, the authors reveal new findings about the construction and transformation of St. Michael’s Fort, while also presenting spatial reconstructions of the fort in characteristic historical phases.
Innovative concrete sensing technologies for nuclear power plants
Authors: David B Scott , Shen-En Chen
Published: February 2019

Nondestructive evaluation has been used to investigate construction and use of concrete structures for the nuclear power industry. Nuclear concrete often has unique structural characteristics which increase proclivity towards degradation and inhibit analysis and inspection using traditional nondestructive techniques. Modern embedded sensing technologies can provide opportunities for the in-depth evaluation of nuclear reinforced-concrete structures. This paper offers an assessment of emerging embedded and surficial sensor techniques, and critically evaluates sensor applicability in the analysis of concrete structures used in the nuclear power industry.
Numerical Modelling of a Graphene - Resonant Tunneling Diode as a High Frequency Oscillator
Authors: Lasisi Shakirudeen
Published: February 2019

New solid-state sources of Gigahertz-Terahertz electromagnetic radiation continue to have many applications in high-speed electronics, communications, security, and medicine. To develop new devices, it is important to understand the coupling of such high-frequency sources not only with each other but also with their environment e.g. to achieve increased power output, synchronization, and to control interference. Using Graphene-based materials is particularly promising due to its high electron mobility and configurability of the device structures. However, accurately modelling its electromagnetic behavior computationally along with the inherent complexities of the device itself (e.g. non-linearities, and quantum effects) can be quite challenging using current tools. To address this, we use a simplified approximate model to reduce the complexity of the structure and derive new formulations that describe its electromagnetic and intrinsic behaviours. In this poster, we report new formulations, finite element spaces and general progress in modelling a graphene hexagonal-boron-nitride resonant tunneling diode (GRTD) using the time-domain boundary element method. We also explore the possibility of mutual coupling and synchronization between two GRTD devices as well as their radiation patterns and total output power.
Individualized Dynamics in the Gut Microbiota Precede Crohn's Disease Flares
Authors: Braun Tzipi , Di Segni Ayelet , BenShoshan Marina , Neuman Sandra , Levhar Nina , Bubis Michael , Picard Orit , Sosnovski Katya , Efroni Gilat , Farage Barhom Sarit , Glick Saar Efrat , Lahad Avishay , Weiss Batia , Yablecovitch Doron , Lahat Adi , Eliakim Rami , Kopylov Uri , Ben-Horin Shomron , Haberman Yael ,   On behalf of Israeli IBD Research Nucleus (IIRN)
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting gut inflammatory disorder with a heterogeneous unpredictable course. Dysbiosis occurs in CD; however, whether microbial dynamics in quiescent CD are instrumental in increasing the risk of a subsequent flare remains undefined.

METHODS:

We analyzed the long-term dynamics of microbial composition in a prospective observational cohort of patients with quiescent CD (45 cases, 217 samples) over 2 years or until clinical flare occurred, aiming to identify whether changes in the microbiome precede and predict clinical relapse. Machine learning was used to prioritize microbial and clinical factors that discriminate between relapsers and nonrelapsers in the quiescent phase.

RESULTS:

Patients with CD in clinical, biomarker, and mucosal remission showed significantly reduced microbial richness and increased dysbiosis index compared with healthy controls. Of the 45 patients with quiescent CD, 12 (27%) flared during follow-up. Samples in quiescent patients preceding flare showed significantly reduced abundance of Christensenellaceae and S24.7, and increased abundance of Gemellaceae compared with those in remission throughout. A composite flare index was associated with a subsequent flare. Notably, higher individualized microbial instability in the quiescent phase was associated with a higher risk of a subsequent flare (hazard ratio 11.32, 95% confidence interval 3–42, P = 0.0035) using two preflare samples. Importantly, machine learning prioritized the flare index and the intrapersonal instability over clinical factors to best discriminate between relapsers and nonrelapsers.

DISCUSSION:

Individualized microbial variations in quiescent CD significantly increase the risk of future exacerbation and may provide a model to guide personalized preemptive therapy intensification.
Esophagogastric Junction Distensibility on Functional Lumen Imaging Probe Topography Predicts Treatment Response in Achalasia—Anatomy Matters!
Authors: Jain Anand S. , Carlson Dustin A. , Triggs Joseph , Tye Michael , Kou Wenjun , Campagna Ryan , Hungness Eric , Kim Donald , Kahrilas Peter J. , Pandolfino John E.
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTION:

To compare the utility of the distensibility index (DI) on functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) topography to other esophagogastric junction (EGJ) metrics in assessing treatment response in achalasia in the context of esophageal anatomy.

METHODS:

We prospectively evaluated 79 patients (at ages 17–81 years; 47% female patients) with achalasia during follow-up after pneumatic dilation, Heller myotomy, or per-oral endoscopic myotomy with timed barium esophagram, high-resolution impedance manometry, and FLIP. Anatomic deformities were identified based on consensus expert opinion. Patients were classified based on anatomy and EGJ opening to determine the association with radiographic outcome and Eckardt score (ES).

RESULTS:

Twenty-seven patients (34.1%) had an anatomic deformity—10 pseudodiverticula at myotomy, 7 epiphrenic diverticula, 5 sigmoid, and 5 sinktrap. A 5-minute column area of >5 cm2 was best associated with an ES of >3, with a sensitivity of 84% (P = 0.0013). Area under the curve for EGJ metrics in association with retention was as follows: DI, 0.90; maximal EGJ diameter, 0.76; integrated relaxation pressure, 0.64; and basal esophagogastric junction pressure, 0.53. Only FLIP metrics were associated with retention given normal anatomy (DI 2.4 vs 5.2 mm2/mm Hg and maximal EGJ diameter 13.1 vs 16.6 mm in patients with and without retention, respectively; P values < 0.0001 and 0.002). Using a DI cutoff of <2.8 as abnormal, 40 of 45 patients with retention (P = 0.0001) and 23 of 25 patients with an ES of >3 (P = 0.02) had a low DI and/or anatomic deformity. With normal anatomy, 21 of 22 patients with retention had a low or borderline low DI.

DISCUSSION:

The FLIP DI is most useful metric for assessing the effect of achalasia treatment on EGJ opening. However, abnormal anatomy is an important mediator of outcome and treatment success will be modulated by anatomic defects that impede bolus emptying.
Chronic Pancreatitis Is Characterized by Distinct Complication Clusters That Associate With Etiological Risk Factors
Authors: Olesen Søren S. , Nøjgaard Camilla , Poulsen Jakob L. , Haas Stephan L. , Vujasinovic Miroslav , Löhr Matthias , Lindkvist Björn , Bexander Louise , Gulbinas Antanas , Kalaitzakis Evangelos , Ebrahim Mohamed , Erchinger Friedemann , Engjom Trond , Roug Stine , Novovic Srdan , Hauge Truls , Waage Anne , Laukkarinen Johanna , Parhiala Mikael , Pukitis Aldis , Ozola-Zālīte Imanta , Drewes Asbjørn M. ,   for the Scandinavian Baltic Pancreatic Club
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by several disease-related complications and multiple etiological risk factors. Past studies of associations between complications and risk factors have mostly been limited to single complications or highly focused on single etiologies. Using an objective data-driven approach (cluster analysis), we characterized complication clusters and their associations with etiological risk factors in a large cohort of patients with CP.

METHODS:

This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study including 1,071 patients with CP from the Scandinavian and Baltic countries. Complications to CP were classified according to the M-ANNHEIM system, and treelet transform was used to derive complication clusters. Cluster complication frequencies were analyzed for their association with main etiological risk factors (smoking and alcohol).

RESULTS:

The mean age of participants was 57 years and 66% were men. Alcohol (55%) and smoking (53%) were the most common etiological risk factors and seen in combination in 36% of patients. Cluster analysis identified 3 distinct complication clusters characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and pancreatic insufficiencies. An independent association between inflammatory complications and alcoholic etiology was seen (odds ratio [OR] 2.00 [95% CI [confidence interval], 1.38–2.90], P < 0.001), whereas smoking was associated with fibrosis-related complications (OR 2.23 [95% CI, 1.56–2.3.20], P < 0.001) and pancreatic insufficiencies (OR 1.42 [95% CI, 1.00–2.01], P = 0.046).

DISCUSSION:

Three distinctive clusters of complications to CP were identified. Their differing associations with alcoholic and smoking etiology indicate distinct underlying disease mechanisms.
Wittgenstein: od etyki do ślepego stosowania reguł i z powrotem
Authors: Nowak Ewa
Published: February 2019

The paper discusses Wittgenstein’s approaches to ethics within two contrastive contexts, e.g., pragmatism and cooperative-discursive normative practice. The first section revisits the fiasco of his early “negative” ethics. The second section subsequently shows how Wittgenstein’s mature concept of blind rule-following displaces normativity but simultaneously becomes the key predictor for discourse ethics (or, rather, a specific kind of it). The final section discusses the pros and cons of finitism in the light of contemporary philosophy of mind. As a conclusion, the author provides evidence for her hypothesis that there is no normative (embodied) mind without a manifest normative competence, which includes moral judgment and discursive competence.
Education as an Aspiration for Girls of Turkish Muslim Origin in Germany
Authors: Güner Pinar Burcu
Published: February 2019

In order to find the inequalities in the life of socially vulnerable Turkish origin girls; the present research conceptualized how ethnicity and migration background deprive or enhance capabilities (opportunities) of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation girls with a Turkish origin living in Germany. Data for research were collected in consultation with colleagues working in the field of youth and education in the Federal State of North Rheine Westphalia. The participants were girls between the ages of 13 and 21 years residing in North Rhine Westphalia`s (NRW) socio-economically vulnerable areas.
Storytelling in addiction prevention: A basis for developing effective programs from a systematic review
Authors: Herrera-Sánchez Isabel María , Rueda-Méndez Samuel , Medina-Anzano Silvia
Published: February 2019

Drug misuse is a complex social and health problem. People who use drugs have very specific profiles according to their life cycle and sociocultural circumstances. For this reason, contextualized approaches are needed in addiction interventions that take on board the particularities of consumption patterns and their circumstances. The storytelling technique as a narrative communication strategy can serve as the main methodological intervention component that enhances this contextualized approach.
The silver lining between perceived similarity and intergroup differences: Increasing confidence in intergroup contact
Authors: Poslon Xenia Daniela , Lášticová Barbara
Published: February 2019

Positive intergroup contact and cross-group friendships are known to have numerous benefits for intergroup relations in diverse schools. However, children do not always spontaneously engage in cross-group friendships, choosing rather to spend time with their ingroup peers. Several factors have previously been identified that influence children’s confidence in contact and subsequent development of cross-group friendships, including perceived intergroup similarity and reconciliation of intergroup differences. However, inducing perceived similarity may pose a threat to the person’s social identity and increase the need for distinctiveness. Therefore, it remains unclear how one should manipulate perceived similarity and group boundaries when designing interventions that prepare school children for successful contact. Moreover, eliminating perceived group boundaries need not lead to the generalization of improved attitudes towards the outgroup. An optimal balance of inclusion and differentiation between the groups should be determined so as to make way for beneficial cross-group friendships. Based on a literature review, we provide recommendations for designing prejudice reduction interventions in schools from the perspective of intergroup similarity.
Stress and the working poor
Authors: Řimnáčová Zuzana , Kajanová Alena
Published: February 2019

The working poor are not a clearly defined group. There are still people who work full-time, but have incomes bordering on poverty level. They tend to remain in work despite their low wages simply to avoid becoming unemployed and risk social exclusion. However, working in low-income jobs for long periods creates stress and gives rise to further problems. Stress affects sleep patterns and leads to problems associated with food intake and nutrition, and thus to disorders of the gastrointestinal system. Cardiovascular and neurological disorders may occur too. A lack of finances, and the stresses stemming from that are statistically significant and a strong predictor of a worse mental state. There is also a higher probability of psychosis occurring. All this affects the entire family, especially children. The inability to invest money and time in their development is another consequence.
Visible as people, yet invisible as jews
Authors: Salner Peter
Published: February 2019

Based on their fates, it is possible to categorise the Jewish population of Slovakia from 1938 to 1945 into four groups (which can be further subdivided). The most extensive group were the prisoners in the Nazi concentration camps and labour camps in Slovakia. They were followed by “legal Jews”, hidden Jews, “Aryan” Jews, who used false “Aryan” documents in the mainstream society, and last but not least, fighters in partisan units or allied armies. This study analyzes the way of survival of the “Aryan Jews” following the materials gained by oral history and information from professional literature and memoirs. I focused on preparation, way of obtaining false documents, life in the mainstream society, and hidden emotions when confronted with captured Jews. Although physically “nothing had happened” to most of them, the Aryan Jews were exposed to constant stress; psychological impacts of “the life in disguise” accompanied them a long time after liberation.
Effect of education based on protection motivation theory on adolescents’ reproductive health self-care: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Havaei Marjan , Salehi Leili , Akbari-Kamrani Mahnaz , Rahimzadeh Mitra , Esmaelzadeh-Saeieh Sara
Published: February 2019

Background

Adolescents should be empowered to improve their reproductive and sexual health needs. The present study aimed to investigate effects of protection motivation theory-based education on student girls’ reproductive and sexual health self-care.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial was conducted in parallel on 90 female students living in dormitories of the Alborz University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The data collection lasted from January 2017 to May 2018. Convenience sampling was performed, and samples were put into intervention and control groups by block randomization. The intervention group received six educational sessions based on the protection motivation theory(PMT). The data collection tool of this research consisted of the protection motivation theory and reproductive health self-care questionnaires.

Results

There was no significant difference between control and intervention groups in demographic characteristics. The results of the repeated measures test indicated that the reproductive health self-care variable had a significant change (p = 0.000), and there was a significant difference between groups (p = 0.000). The total score of the Protection Motivation Theory Questionnaire was not changed over time (p = 0.54) and there was no significant difference between groups (p = 0.51) according to results of the repeated measures test.

Conclusion

According to effects of an educational intervention based on the protection motivation theory, it is suggested to utilize this model as an educational framework for adolescents’ reproductive and sexual health by healthcare providers, schools and universities as well as holding periodic courses educating adolescents within short-term intervals in order to achieve the higher sustainability of the educational results.
Structure and Content of a New Entrance Exam to Select Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Haavisto Elina , Hupli Maija , Hahtela Nina , Heikkilä Asta , Huovila Pirjo , Moisio Eeva-Liisa , Yli-Koivisto Lea , Talman Kirsi
Published: February 2019

Aim The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based structure and content for the new nursing entrance examination. Background The purpose of the student selection process is to ensure that those admitted have the required aptitude, motivation and potential to successfully complete studies. Methods The literature reviews were collected using systematic searches in five electronic databases on the assessment of learning skills, social skills/ emotional intelligence and certainty of career choice of nursing applicants. Three focus group interviews (n = 26) were conducted. Data were analysed inductively. The structure and content of the entrance examination was formed by two data sets synthesis. Findings Nursing student selection should involve the assessment of five categories in learning skills, three in social skills and four categories in certainty of career choice. Conclusion Comprehensive assessment can ensure that those admitted are suitable for the profession and have the capability to succeed in their studies.
Remote-Point Photonic Sensors (Rphos): Concepts-Materials-Devices
Authors: Vainos Nikolaos A.
Published: February 2019

Photonic sensors receive an increasing global attention focusing on critical applications such as the protection of the environment, the health and safety of the citizens. In this work we are concerned with sensing of gaseous environments and focus on a novel class of nanocomposite sensor materials, which are capable to react to external stimulant-agents. These interactions amend their optical properties, fact which provides the means for optical detection. An unpowered sensor device is thus formed, which is interrogated optically and remotely to provide quantitative detection of the “agent”. “Sensing-by-light” thus unfolds the emerging conceptsof “Remote-point Photonic Sensors (RPHOS)”,we review and revisit in this work. The method offers unique means for spatially localized, real-time, multivariable sensing. This “point-in-space” detection may be contrasted to opticalpath- integrating LIDAR operations. Synergy with diffractive and holographic approaches enhance detectability and offer further innovative modes of operation. The low cost of this unpowered sensor-head, the flexibility of fabrication, the capacity for parallel / multiplexed/ data transmission and the immunity to electromagnetic interference, makes this technology ideal for use in harsh and adverse environments of industrial and security applications.
Phosphonate reagents and building blocks in the synthesis of bioactive compounds, natural products and medicines
Authors: Mikołajczyk Marian
Published: February 2019

This account outlines the results obtained in the author’s laboratory on the application of phosphonates in the synthesis of various classes of biologically active cyclopentenones and cyclopentanones. In the first place two general methods for the synthesis of mono-, 1,2- and 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds are presented. The first is based on the use of α-phosphoryl sulfides in conjunction with the Horner reaction while in the second method the oxygenation reaction of α-phosphonate carbanion is a key step. The utility of these two approaches to 1,4-diketones as precursors of cyclopentenones was exemplified by the synthesis of dihydrojasmone and (Z)-jasmone. The use of simple phosphonates, α-phosphoryl sulfides and β- and γ-ketophosphonates as starting reagents in the synthesis of cyclopentanoid antibiotics (methylenomycin B, racemic desepoxy-4,5-didehydromethylenomycin, enantiomeric sarkomycins) is presented. The synthesis and reactivity of achiral 3-(phosphorylmethyl)cyclopent-2-enone and chiral diastereoisomeric camphor protected 3-(phosphorylmethyl)-4,5-dihydroxycyclopent-2-enones as building blocks is discussed as a platform for developing a new access to a variety of bioactive cyclopentenones. The utility and value of achiral phosphonate building block is demonstrated by the synthesis of racemic and enantiopure prostaglandin B1methyl esters and enantiomeric phytoprostanes B1type I and II. The range of biologically active compounds prepared from chiral diastereoisomeric cyclopentenone phosphonates is wider. Herein the total syntheses of the following target compounds are presented: enantiomeric isoterreins, natural (−)-neplanocin A and its unnatural (+)-enantiomer, anticancer prostaglandin analogues (enantiomers of TEI-9826, NEPP-11,iso-NEPP-11). The design and synthesis of racemic and four enantiopure stereoisomers of an antiulcer drug rosaprostol is also described.
Determining a Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equation for Collegiate Female Athletes
Authors: Watson Alicia D. , Zabriskie Hannah A. , Witherbee Kyle E. , Sulavik Andrea , Gieske Bradley T. , Kerksick Chad M.
Published: February 2019

Watson, AD, Zabriskie, HA, Witherbee, KE, Sulavik, A, Gieske, BT, and Kerksick, CM. Determining a resting metabolic rate prediction equation for collegiate female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2426–2432, 2019—A lack of evidence exists regarding the accuracy of common resting metabolic rate (RMR) prediction equations in athletic female populations. The purpose of this research was to measure RMR in a large cohort of NCAA Division II female athletes and use regression techniques to develop new prediction equations. Sixty-six female athletes from 11 different sports completed this protocol, which included skinfold measurements followed by an RMR assessment using indirect calorimetry. The average RMR was 1,466 ± 150 kcal·d−1. Many between-sport differences in body composition were identified, with gymnastics athletes having the lowest body fat percentage (p < 0.05) and basketball athletes having the greatest absolute fat-free mass (p < 0.05). Resting metabolic rate was moderately correlated (p < 0.05) with height (r = 0.52), total mass (r = 0.59), and fat-free mass (r = 0.54). Two equations were developed, both of which were more accurate for this population than other RMR prediction equations. One of the new equations, which used height and body mass as covariates (equation 1), was slightly more accurate than the equation using body composition parameters (equation 2). The new equations were cross-validated using a randomly selected subset (n = 22) of the original sample. The subset did not show statistically different results from the remainder of the sample (n = 44) between equation 1 (p = 0.083) and equation 2 (p = 0.22). Equation 1, which had more easily measurable parameters, exhibited heightened accuracy, which has important implications for implementation among athletes, coaches, and athletic support staff.
Exercise Supervision Is Important for Cardiometabolic Health Improvements: A 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hunter Jayden R. , Gordon Brett A. , Bird Stephen R. , Benson Amanda C.
Published: February 2019

Hunter, JR, Gordon, BA, Bird, SR, and Benson, AC. Exercise supervision is important for cardiometabolic health improvements: a 16-week randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 866–877, 2020—Exercise supervision enhances health and fitness improvements in clinical populations compared with unsupervised or home-based exercise, but effects of supervision type are unknown in healthy employees. Eighty-five Australian university employees (62 females; mean ± SD 43.2 ± 9.8 years) were randomized to personal (1:1; SUP, n = 28), nonpersonal (typical gym-based; NPS, n = 28) supervision or unsupervised control (CON, n = 29) exercise groups. Subjects received a 16-week individually tailored, moderate-to-high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise program completed at an onsite exercise facility (SUP and NPS) or without access to a specific exercise facility (CON). Repeated-measures ANOVA analyzed changes to cardiometabolic outcomes. Mean ± SD increases to V̇o
2 peak were greater (p < 0.01) with SUP (+10.4 ± 11.1%) vs. CON (+3.8 ± 8.9%) but not different to NPS (+8.6 ± 8.2%). Compared to CON (+1.7 ± 7.7%), upper-body strength increases were greater with SUP (+12.8 ± 8.4%; p < 0.001) and NPS (+8.4 ± 7.3%; p < 0.05). Lower-body strength increases were greater with SUP (+26.3 ± 12.7%) vs. NPS (+15.0 ± 14.6%; p < 0.05) and CON (+4.1 ± 12.4%; p < 0.001), and NPS vs. CON (p < 0.01). Body fat reductions were greater with SUP (−2.2 ± 2.2%) vs. NPS (−0.6 ± 1.9%; p < 0.05) and CON (−0.7 ± 1.9%; p < 0.05). Access to an onsite exercise facility with personal or nonpersonal exercise supervision was important for improving several cardiometabolic outcomes, with greater improvements to lower-body strength and body composition from personal 1:1 exercise supervision.
Association of Functional Screening Tests and Noncontact Injuries in Division I Women Student-Athletes
Authors: Warren Meghan , Lininger Monica R. , Smith Craig A. , Copp Adam J. , Chimera Nicole J.
Published: February 2019

Warren, M, Lininger, M, Smith, CA, Copp, A, and Chimera, NJ. Association of functional screening tests and noncontact injuries in Division I women student-athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2302–2311, 2020—To determine the association between functional screening tests and lower-body, noncontact injuries in Division I women basketball, soccer, and volleyball student-athletes (SA). Sixty-eight injury-free women SA (age: 19.1 ± 1.1 years, height: 171.3 ± 8.7 cm, and mass: 68.4 ± 9.5 kg) were tested preseason with single hop (SH), triple hop (TH), and crossover hop (XH) for distance, and isometric hip strength (abduction, extension, and external rotation) in randomized order. The first lower-body (spine and lower extremity), noncontact injury requiring intervention by the athletic trainer was abstracted from the electronic medical record. Receiver operating characteristic and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to determine cut-points for each hopping test from the absolute value of between-limb difference. Body mass–adjusted strength was categorized into tertiles. Logistic regression determined the odds of injury with each functional screening test using the hopping tests cut-points and strength categories, adjusting for previous injury. Fifty-two SA were injured during the sport season. The cut-point for SH was 4 cm (sensitivity = 0.77, specificity = 0.43, and AUC = 0.53), and for TH and XH was 12 cm (sensitivity = 0.75 and 0.67, specificity = 0.71 and 0.57, AUC = 0.59 and 0.41, respectively). A statistically significant association with TH and injuries (adjusted odds ratio = 6.50 [95% confidence interval: 1.69–25.04]) was found. No significant overall association was found with SH or XH, nor with the strength tests. Using a clinically relevant injury definition, the TH showed the strongest predictive ability for noncontact injuries. This hopping test may be a clinically useful tool to help identify increased risk of injury in women SA participating in high-risk sports.
Backward Running: The Why and How to Program for Better Athleticism
Authors: Uthoff Aaron , Oliver Jon , Cronin John , Winwood Paul , Harrison Craig
Published: February 2019

BACKWARD RUNNING (BR) IS A COMMON LOCOMOTIVE TECHNIQUE USED BY MOST OVERGROUND ATHLETES DURING BOTH COMPETITION AND TRAINING, YET THERE ARE LIMITED EMPIRICALLY BASED RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USING BR TRAINING FOR ATHLETES. THIS ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS THE ROLE OF BR IN SPORTS CONTEXT, PROVIDES INSIGHTS INTO WHY BR MAY BENEFIT ATHLETES, AND RECOMMENDS HOW TO INTEGRATE BR INTO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAMS. INFORMED GUIDANCE IS PROVIDED ON THE PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR ATHLETES, WHICH SHOULD HELP SPEED AND STRENGTH COACHES DESIGN AND FACILITATE BR IN A SAFE AND PROGRESSIVELY OVERLOADED FASHION FOR YOUTH AND ADULT ATHLETES ALIKE.
Sled Pushing and Pulling to Enhance Speed Capability
Authors: Cahill Micheál J. , Cronin John B. , Oliver Jon L. , P. Clark Kenneth , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Cross Matt R.
Published: February 2019

RESISTED SPRINTING IN THE FORM OF SLED PUSHING AND PULLING ARE POPULAR TRAINING METHODS TO IMPROVE SPEED CAPABILITY, ALTHOUGH RESEARCH HAS BEEN BIASED TOWARD INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF SLED PULLING. PRACTITIONERS NEED TO UNDERSTAND WHETHER THE SLED PUSH AND PULL OFFER DIFFERENTIAL TRAINING EFFECTS, AND HENCE THEIR UTILITY IN INFLUENCING SPRINT KINEMATICS AND KINETICS FOR TARGETED ADAPTATION. FURTHERMORE, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LOADING AND ASSESSMENT THAT WARRANT DISCUSSION, GIVEN THE IMPACT OF THESE TECHNIQUES ON UNDERSTANDING THE LOAD-VELOCITY RELATIONSHIP AND OPTIMIZING HORIZONTAL POWER OUTPUT. FINALLY, SOME THOUGHTS REGARDING LOAD PRESCRIPTION ARE SHARED WITH THE READER.
ESTUDO DA OBTENÇÃO DE NANOPARTÍCULAS DE TIO2 PELOS MÉTODOS SOLVOTÉRMICO ASSISTIDO POR MICRO-ONDAS E SOL-GEL
Authors: Seixas Juliana Neumann , Da Silva Gabriela Escobar Hochmuller , Nascimento Leulomar Enedino do , Netro Nivaldo Freire de Andrade , Motta Fabiana Villela da , Carreño Neftalí Lênnin Villareal
Published: February 2019

Nanopartículas de dióxido de titânio (TiO2) possuem elevado potencial para aplicação ambiental em função de suas propriedades fotocatalíticas. Entretanto, para otimizar tais propriedades, o tamanho de partícula, estrutura, fase e área super cial são parâmetros que necessitam de especial atenção durante a síntese. A utilização de diferentes métodos de obtenção possibilita o controle destas características. Nesse trabalho, pós de TiO2 foram obtidos pelos métodos solvotérmico assistida por micro-ondas e sol-gel para avaliação das cristalinidades, fases e morfologias obtidas. Os difratogramas indicam que a fase anatase foi obtida para ambas as metodologias, com a cristalinidade sendo inferior para a metodologia solvotérmica e para a metodologia sol-gel quando não foi realizada a calcinação. Além disso, na metodologia sol-gel, para maiores temperaturas de calcinação, ocorre menor formação de agregados, adicionalmente foi possível observar a formação de anéis de TiO2, ainda que com presença irregular.
PROPRIEDADES TÉRMICAS DE COMPÓSITOS DE POLIETILENO DE ALTA DENSIDADE REFORÇADOS COM CELULOSE
Authors: Bosenbecker Mariane Weirich , Croche Sheila , Cholant Gabriel , Rosa Paulo , Passador Fabio , Marini Juliano , Oliveira Amanda
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho buscou desenvolver compósitos utilizando como matriz polimérica o polietileno de alta densidade e como reforço foi utilizada a celulose obtida a partir da casca de arroz. Os compósitos obtidos foram preparados nas proporções de 5, 10 e 15% em massa de celulose, utilizando-se para isto uma extrusora de rosca simples. A celulose obtida foi caracterizada por difração de raios-x. Os materiais compósitos foram caracterizados através das técnicas de análise termogravimétrica e calorimetria exploratória diferencial. Por meio dos resultados de difração de raios-x foi possível comprovar um aumento do índice de cristalinidade da celulose após sucessivos tratamentos químicos, assim como ligeiro aumento na estabilidade térmica com a adição de carga. No entanto, os dados obtidos por calorimetria exploratória diferencial mostraram que aparentemente a celulose não apresenta influencia nas temperaturas de transição do polímero.
Long-Term Population Studies Uncover the Genome Structure and Genetic Basis of Xenobiotic and Host Plant Adaptation in the HerbivoreTetranychus urticae
Authors: Wybouw Nicky , Kosterlitz Olivia , Kurlovs Andre H , Bajda Sabina , Greenhalgh Robert , Snoeck Simon , Bui Huyen , Bryon Astrid , Dermauw Wannes , Van Leeuwen Thomas , Clark Richard M
Published: February 2019

Pesticide resistance arises rapidly in arthropod herbivores, as can host plant adaptation, and both are significant problems in agriculture. These traits have been challenging to study as both are often polygenic and many arthropods are genetically intractable. Here, we examined the genetic architecture of pesticide resistance and host plant adaptation in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, a global agricultural pest. We show that the short generation time and high fecundity of T. urticae can be readily exploited in experimental evolution designs for high-resolution mapping of quantitative traits. As revealed by selection with spirodiclofen, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, in populations from a cross between a spirodiclofen-resistant and a spirodiclofen-susceptible strain, and which also differed in performance on tomato, we found that a limited number of loci could explain quantitative resistance to this compound. These were resolved to narrow genomic intervals, suggesting specific candidate genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase itself, clustered and copy variable cytochrome P450 genes, and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase, which encodes a redox partner for cytochrome P450s. For performance on tomato, candidate genomic regions for response to selection were distinct from those responding to the synthetic compound and were consistent with a more polygenic architecture. In accomplishing this work, we exploited the continuous nature of allele frequency changes across experimental populations to resolve the existing fragmented T. urticae draft genome to pseudochromosomes. This improved assembly was indispensable for our analyses, as it will be for future research with this model herbivore that is exceptionally amenable to genetic studies.
POTENTIAL EFFECT OF ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OLIVE KNOT DISEASE CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS SAVASTANOI PV. SAVASTANOI
Authors: Bouaichi Abdelaaziz , Benkirane Rachid , El-kinany Said , Habbadi Khaoula , Lougraimzi Hanane , Sadik Soumia , Benbouazza Abdellatif , Hassan Achbani El
Published: February 2019

Olive knot disease caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (PSS) is considered as the main bacterial disease of olive tree in Morocco. However, sole prophylactic measures are available. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of eighteen antagonistic bacteria, as an alternative approach, to control in vitro and in planta the pathogens strains previously isolated from olive trees in Morocco. In vitro experiments revealed that many bacterial strains such as Rahnella aquatilis, Enterobacter ludwiqii, Paenibacillus brasiliensis, and Bacillus subtilis selected from collection of Regional Center of Agronomic Research, were efficient on solid media against pathogen strains. Their inhibition zones ranged from 8 to 23 mm with a higher inhibition rates found by B. subtilis strains. Enzymatic activities of antagonistic strains were assessed (cellulase, protease and amylase) as well as some plant growth promotion traits (phosphorus solubilisation and indole acetic acid production) for performance screening. B. subtilis 2515-1 was selected for pots experiment using olive trees (cv. Arbequina). This bacterium significantly reduced number and weight of knots against two pathogens strains (PSS 2064-8 and PSS 2102-4). The most reduction rates of weight and knot number were respectively 95.60% and 50%. This study suggested an alternative approach to assess the efficiency of selected bacterium in field conditions.
Políticas de regularización de asentamientos informales en los gobiernos urbanos de Bogotá, Brasilia y Buenos Aires
Authors: Moreno Calderón Angélica , Garzón Rodríguez Nicolás
Published: February 2019

¿Cómo la estructura del gobierno metropolitano incidió en las políticas de regularización de asentamientos informales en Bogotá, Buenos Aires y Brasilia en la última década? Esta es la cuestión principal que el presente ensayo busca resolver a través del estudio de las políticas de regularización de los asentamientos informales en las ciudades de Bogotá, Buenos Aires y Brasilia, en contextos de metropolización. Se plantea como hipótesis que la fragmentación de las formas de gobierno urbano en las tres áreas metropolitanas ha reforzado un déficit de ciudadanía en los asentamientos informales, en la medida que se profundiza el proceso de segregación urbana y la falta de acceso a servicios y bienes públicos. Las políticas públicas frente a la ciudad informal generan formas fragmentadas de gobierno metropolitano, que de cierta forma impiden una amplia articulación de los diferentes niveles de gobierno para tratar los asentamientos informales como problemas metropolitanos. Así, hay una ruptura entre Buenos Aires y los municipios vecinos de la Provincia. Mientras que en Bogotá se impone la primacía de la capital y un proceso de integración regional, y no metropolitano —lo que impide el papel dominante de los gobiernos municipales—, en Brasilia, por su parte, se ha formalizado un gobierno metropolitano, pero el poder político y administrativo se concentra en la ciudad central. Este escenario profundiza la segregación de los habitantes de asentamientos informales en áreas metropolitanas de las ciudades estudiadas.
Tools for causal inference from cross-sectional innovation surveys with continuous or discrete variables: Theory and applications
Authors: Coad Alex , Janzing Dominik , Nightingale Paul
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a new statistical toolkit by applying three techniques for data-driven causal inference from the machine learning community that are little-known among economists and innovation scholars: a conditional independence-based approach, additive noise models, and non-algorithmic inference by hand. We include three applications to CIS data to investigate public funding schemes for R&D investment, information sources for innovation, and innovation expenditures and firm growth. Preliminary results provide causal interpretations of some previously-observed correlations. Our statistical 'toolkit' could be a useful complement to existing techniques.
Digital resources in popular media practices in Brazil: strategies to reduce asymmetries in the public debate
Authors: Suzina Ana Cristina
Published: February 2019

This article discusses issues related to the development of popular media in the context of an asymmetric democracy, such as Brazil. It is mostly based in an empirical study which included 55 media experiences all over the country. The objective is to observe the use of digital resources in media practices developed by social movements and community associations, analyzing how it can contribute to the emergence of a plurality of voices in the public debate. The findings suggest a concrete improvement in the media production process and also in the capacity of reaching audiences, especially those outside their niches. But as long as this enlargement of diffusion range can be read as a progress, it also reveals paradoxes while grassroots communities stand far from a stable connected world. The answer could come from a stronger articulation between digital and analogical media strategies.
(Social) Media isn’t the message, networked people are: calls for protest through social media
Authors: Lapa Tiago , Cardoso Gustavo
Published: February 2019

In recent years, protests took the streets of cities around the world. Among the mobilizing factors were the perceptions of injustice, democratization demands, and, in the case of liberal democracies, waves of discontentment characterized by a mix of demands for better public services and changes in the discredited democratic institutions. This paper discusses social media usage in mobilization for demonstrations around the world, and how such use configures a paradigmatic example of how communication occurs in network societies. In order to frame the discussion, social media appropriation for the purposes of political participation is examined through a survey applied online in 17 countries. The ways in which social media domestication by a myriad of social actors occurred and institutional responses to demonstrations developed, it is argued that, in the network society, networked people, and no longer the media, are the message.