bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desflurane Versus Sevoflurane and Postoperative Cardiac Biomarkers in Older Adults Undergoing Low- to Moderate-Risk Noncardiac Surgery—Secondary Analysis of a Prospective, Observer-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Taschner Alexander , Reiterer Christian , Fleischmann Edith , Kabon Barbara , Horvath Katharina , Adamowitsch Nikolas , Emler David , Christian Thomas , Hantakova Nicole , Hochreiter Beatrix , Höfer Laura , List Magdalena , Rossi Barbara , Zenz Florian W. , Zanvettor Giulia , Zotti Oliver , Fraunschiel Melanie , Graf Alexandra
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Previous preclinical studies have shown that desflurane might have the most significant cardioprotective effect of all volatile anesthetics. However, data regarding the cardioprotective effects of desflurane versus sevoflurane are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of the maintenance of anesthesia using desflurane versus sevoflurane on the postoperative maximum concentrations of cardiac biomarkers in older adults undergoing low- to moderate-risk noncardiac surgery. Methods: In this secondary analysis of a prospective randomized trial, we included all 190 older adults undergoing low- to moderate-risk noncardiac surgery. Patients were randomized to receive desflurane or sevoflurane for the maintenance of anesthesia. We administered desflurane or sevoflurane, aiming at a BIS value of 50 ± 5. The cardiac-specific biomarkers included troponin T, NT-proBNP, and copeptin, which were measured preoperatively, within one hour after surgery, and on the second postoperative day. Results: There were no significant differences between the desflurane and sevoflurane groups in the postoperative maximum concentrations of troponin T (11 ng.L−1 [8; 16] versus 13 ng.L−1 [9; 18]; p = 0.595), NT-proBNP (196 pg.mL−1 [90; 686] versus 253 pg.mL−1 [134; 499]; p = 0.288), or copeptin (19 pmol.L−1 [7; 58] versus 12 pmol.L−1 [6; 41]; p = 0.096). We also observed no significant differences in the troponin T, NT-proBNP, or copeptin concentrations between the desflurane and sevoflurane groups at any measured timepoint (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: In contrast to preclinical studies, we did not observe a significant difference in the postoperative maximum concentrations of cardiac biomarkers. It seems likely that desflurane does not exert significant clinical meaningful cardioprotective effects in older adults. Thus, our results do not support the use of desflurane in patients undergoing low- to moderate-risk noncardiac surgery.
The Influence of Remnant Cholesterol on Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality in Patients with Non-Functional Adrenal Incidentalomas and Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sebastian-Valles Fernando , Fernández-Moreno Maria Jesús , García-Sanz Iñigo , Pascual Gómez Natalia Fernanda , Navas-Moreno Víctor , Sampedro-Núñez Miguel Antonio , Marazuela Monica
Published: October 2024

Background: Increased cardiovascular risk has been described in individuals with adrenal incidentalomas. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of remnant cholesterol (RC) on the cardiovascular risk and mortality of patients with adrenal incidentalomas. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with patients with adrenal incidentalomas between 2001 and 2024. One hundred thirty-seven patients (mean age of 61.2 ± 11.5 years; 56.6% women) with non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas and with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) (cortisol post-dexamethasone suppression test ≥1.8 µg/mL) were included. The patients were divided into two groups using 30 mg/dL as the cut-off for RC. Logistic regression models were used to study the impact of RC on major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality (MACEs). Results: Patients with RC ≥ 30 mg/dL exhibited a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) (p < 0.001), lower HDL-C (p < 0.001) and LDL-C (p = 0.025) levels, a higher frequency of treatment with statins (p = 0.032), and a higher rate of non-fatal major cardiovascular events (p = 0.038) and MACEs (p = 0.038). Patients with MACS showed no differences in RC or complications during the follow-up. The relative risk of high RC was 2.65 (1.04–6.77) for cardiovascular events and 2.27 (1.05–4.92) for MACEs, with p < 0.05 in both cases. The only variables independently affecting MACEs were age ([odds ratio] OR = 1.13 [p = 0.004]), female sex (OR = 0.20; p = 0.016), LDL-C (OR = 1.02; p = 0.029), and RC (OR = 1.06; p = 0.014). T2D and HDL-C were not independently associated with MACEs. Conclusions: RC ≥30 mg/dL in patients with adrenal incidentalomas was associated with a higher prevalence of T2D, lower HDL-C levels, and a higher risk of MACEs. MACS was not associated with RC or MACEs during the follow-up.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Heart Failure: A Retrospective Observational Study and Medical Audit
Authors: Suchina Justas , Lüthi-Corridori Giorgia , Jaun Fabienne , Leuppi Jörg D. , Boesing Maria
Published: October 2024

Background: Acute Heart Failure (AHF) is a leading cause of hospitalizations and remains a significant socioeconomic burden. Despite advances in medical care, mortality and rehospitalization rates remain high. Previous AHF audits have revealed regional differences and a poor adherence to guidelines. This study aimed to assess guideline adherence in a public teaching hospital to identify areas for improvement. Methods: This retrospective observational study examined clinical routine data of patients hospitalized for AHF at a Swiss public teaching hospital between 2018 and 2019. AHF management was evaluated against the relevant guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. Results: The study included 760 AHF cases of 726 patients (median age 84 years, range 45–101, 50% female). NT-pro-BNP levels were measured in 92% of the cases. Electrocardiography was performed in 95% and chest X-rays in 90% of cases. Echocardiography was conducted in 54% of all cases and in 63% of newly diagnosed AHF cases. Intravenous furosemide was initiated in 76%. In the subgroup of cases with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 86% were discharged with beta-blockers and 69% with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. Among cases with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists were prescribed in 55%. Conclusions: We observed generally good adherence to guideline recommendations. However, several improvements are needed in initial assessment and documentation, diagnostic procedures such as echocardiography, discharge medication, and lifestyle recommendations. Compared to other studies, our diagnostic workup was more aligned with guidelines, the use of intravenous diuretics was similar, and the duration of hospital stay and mortality rates were comparable.
NT-proBNP Reflects Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Rather than Left Ventricular Dilatation or Systolic Dysfunction in Patients with Fabry Disease
Authors: Gatterer Constantin , Beitzke Dietrich , Sunder-Plassmann Gere , Friedl Maximilian , Hohensinner Philipp , Mann Christopher , Ponleitner Markus , Graf Senta , Lenz Max
Published: October 2024

Background: The diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac involvement in Fabry disease constitutes an important challenge for clinicians caring for affected patients. Combining cardiac imaging with laboratory biomarkers appears most appropriate for longitudinal monitoring. Therefore, we examined the use of NT-proBNP and its association with imaging findings in patients with Fabry disease. Methods: We analysed cardiac MRI and echocardiography data, as well as laboratory results, from a single-centre prospective registry. Results: Repetitive follow-ups of 38 patients with Fabry disease, of whom 18 presented with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), revealed a correlation of NT-proBNP with left ventricular (LV) interventricular septal thickness, LV maximum wall thickness, LV and right ventricular (RV) mass index and trabecular mass in patients with LVH. Patients without LVH did not exhibit any tangible association between NT-proBNP and the mentioned parameters. Conversely, we could not detect an association of NT-proBNP with impairment of LV or RV ejection fraction or diastolic volume. Conclusions: NT-proBNP plays a pivotal role as a biomarker for cardiac involvement in patients with Fabry disease. Interestingly, in this specific population with mostly preserved ejection fraction, it seems to reflect ventricular hypertrophy rather than ventricular dysfunction or dilatation. While strong associations were found in hypertrophic patients, NT-proBNP’s prognostic value appears limited in non- or pre-hypertrophic stages.
Abstracts of the Italian Society of Thoracic Endoscopy (SIET) 2024 Annual Congress
Authors: Zirafa Carmelina Cristina , Ibrahim Mohsen , Corbetta Lorenzo , Rosso Lorenzo , Candoli Piero , Manfredini Beatrice , Galluccio Giovanni , Menna Cecilia , Trisolini Rocco , Ricciardi Sara , Romano Gaetano , Cardillo Giuseppe , Melfi Franca , Raveglia Federico
Published: October 2024

We are pleased to introduce the abstracts of the XXIII National Congress of the Italian Society of Thoracic Endoscopy (SIET), which will be held in Florence from 17 to 19 October 2024. The principal objectives of SIET are to (1) Promote research and innovation in the fields of thoracic surgery and endoscopy, facilitating the development and implementation of innovative techniques and technologies; (2) Provide education and training for surgeons, endoscopists, pulmonologists and other related specialties; and (3) Facilitate the exchange of knowledge with the aim of creating a cohesive and active scientific community. The Congress will address the integration of traditional surgical and endoscopic techniques with emerging technologies, with the goal of promoting innovation and education among professionals. The theme of integration will be explored throughout the programme, with a particular focus on the collaborative efforts of different medical specialties to improve patient outcomes. This event will host a multidisciplinary cohort comprising thoracic surgeons, endoscopists, pulmonologists, oncologists, pathologists, radiologists and anaesthetists, who will assume a pivotal role in the multidisciplinary sessions of the scientific programme. The Congress will include several core areas of expertise, including lung cancer, interventional endoscopy, pathology, and upper airway reconstruction. Emphasis will be placed on both the theoretical aspects of these subjects and their practical applications in patient care. The theme of integration will be explored throughout the programme, with particular attention on the impact of recent technological developments in the fields of thoracic surgery and endoscopy. Additionally, the Congress will examine the contributions of allied health professionals, including nurses, physiotherapists, and speech pathologists, to patient care.
Capillary Blood Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels Predict Electrocardiographic Markers in a Sample Population of Premenopausal Women
Authors: Casagrande Breno P. , Sherrard George , Fowler Mike S. , Estadella Débora , Bueno Allain A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The relationship between blood N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels and cardiovascular health is known, but direct evidence that N-3 PUFA levels influence electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters is non-existent. In the study described herein, we investigated the relationship between anthropometric biomarkers and capillary blood PUFAs with ECG outputs in a sample population of healthy pre-menopausal women. Method: Twenty-three consenting females were recruited, with the study power analysis sufficiently demonstrated. Food intake, anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters were obtained. Capillary blood was collected for fatty acid chromatographic analysis. Results: Body mass index, haematocrit, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ECG readings all fell within healthy ranges. Principal component analysis-mediated correlations were carried out controlling for combined Components 1 (age, body fat % and waist-to-hip ratio) and 2 (height, HR and MAP) as control variables. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) unequivocally decreased the QRS area under the curve (AUC-QRS) regardless of the impact of control variables, with each unit increase in DHA corresponding to a 2.3-unit decrease in AUC-QRS. Mediation analysis revealed a significant overall effect of DHA on AUC-QRS, with the impact of DHA on R wave amplitude accounting for 77% of the total observed effect. Discussion: Our new findings revealed an inverse relationship between AUC-QRS with capillary blood DHA, suggesting that the association between ventricular mass and its QRS depolarising voltage is mediated by DHA. Our findings bridge a knowledge gap on the relationship between ventricular mass and ventricular efficiency. Further research will confirm whether the relationship identified in our study also exists in diseased patients.
Opportunistic Screening for Low Bone Mineral Density in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography of the Chest with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Welsner Matthias , Navel Henning , Hosch Rene , Rathsmann Peter , Stehling Florian , Mathew Annie , Sutharsan Sivagurunathan , Strassburg Svenja , Westhölter Dirk , Taube Christian , Zensen Sebastian , Schaarschmidt Benedikt M. , Forsting Michael , Nensa Felix , Holtkamp Mathias , Haubold Johannes , Salhöfer Luca , Opitz Marcel
Published: October 2024

Background: Cystic fibrosis bone disease (CFBD) is a common comorbidity in adult people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), resulting in an increased risk of bone fractures. This study evaluated the capacity of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted low-dose chest CT (LDCT) opportunistic screening for detecting low bone mineral density (BMD) in adult pwCF. Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, 65 adult pwCF (mean age 30.1 ± 7.5 years) underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lumbar vertebrae L1 to L4 to determine BMD and corresponding z-scores and completed LDCTs of the chest within three months as part of routine clinical care. A fully automated CT-based AI algorithm measured the attenuation values (Hounsfield units [HU]) of the thoracic vertebrae Th9–Th12 and first lumbar vertebra L1. The ability of the algorithm to diagnose CFBD was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: HU values of Th9 to L1 and DXA-derived BMD and the corresponding z-scores of L1 to L4 showed a strong correlation (all p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for diagnosing low BMD was highest for L1 (0.796; p = 0.001) and Th11 (0.835; p < 0.001), resulting in a specificity of 84.9% at a sensitivity level of 75%. The HU threshold values for distinguishing normal from low BMD were <197 (L1) and <212 (Th11), respectively. Conclusions: Routine LDCT of the chest with the fully automated AI-guided determination of thoracic and lumbar vertebral attenuation values is a valuable tool for predicting low BMD in adult pwCF, with the best results for Th11 and L1. However, further studies are required to define clear threshold values.
INEAS’s Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Vemurafenib: Paving the Way for Value-Based Pricing in Tunisia
Authors: Jameleddine Mouna , Harzallah Nabil , Grati Hela , Odabachian Jebali Marie Christine , Chemli Jaafar , García Martí Sebastián , Soto Natalie , Pichon-Riviere Andrés , Hamouda Chokri
Published: October 2024

The Tunisian Health Technology Assessment (HTA) body, INEAS, conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of vemurafenib in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BRAF V600-mutated melanoma. The objective of this analysis was to enable the use of value-based pricing as a new approach to price negotiation. This study was part of a broader HTA report that was prepared in response to a joint request from the regulatory authorities and the CNAM, Tunisia’s compulsory insurance scheme. Our analysis was based on a probabilistic Markov cohort model that calculated the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) associated with vemurafenib compared to the standard of care from a public payer perspective. The CEA indicated that vemurafenib provides a gain of 0.38 life years (1.78 vs. 1.4) for an incremental cost of USD 101,106.62 from the perspective of the main public payer (CNAM). This study revealed an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 163,311.40 USD/QALY and 163,911.46 USD/QALY, respectively, from the CNAM and public health facilities’ perspectives. Vemurafenib cannot be considered cost-effective in terms of what has normally been considered a reasonable willingness to pay (WTP) in Tunisia. A significant price reduction would be necessary to bring the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio to an acceptable level.
Oncomatrix: Molecular Composition and Biomechanical Properties of the Extracellular Matrix in Human Tumors
Authors: Klabukov Ilya , Smirnova Anna , Yakimova Anna , Kabakov Alexander E. , Atiakshin Dmitri , Petrenko Daria , Shestakova Victoria A. , Sulina Yana , Yatsenko Elena , Stepanenko Vasiliy N. , Ignatyuk Michael , Evstratova Ekaterina , Krasheninnikov Michael , Sosin Dmitry , Baranovskii Denis , Ivanov Sergey , Shegay Peter , Kaprin Andrey D.
Published: October 2024

The extracellular matrix is an organized three-dimensional network of protein-based molecules and other macromolecules that provide structural and biochemical support to tissues. Depending on its biochemical and structural properties, the extracellular matrix influences cell adhesion and signal transduction and, in general, can influence cell differentiation and proliferation through specific mechanisms of chemical and mechanical sensing. The development of body tissues during ontogenesis is accompanied by changes not only in cells but also in the composition and properties of the extracellular matrix. Similarly, tumor development in carcinogenesis is accompanied by a continuous change in the properties of the extracellular matrix of tumor cells, called ‘oncomatrix’, as the tumor matures, from the development of the primary focus to the stage of metastasis. In this paper, the characteristics of the composition and properties of the extracellular matrix of tumor tissues are considered, as well as changes to the composition and properties of the matrix during the evolution of the tumor and metastasis. The extracellular matrix patterns of tumor tissues can be used as biomarkers of oncological diseases as well as potential targets for promising anti-tumor therapies.
Overview of Theory, Simulation, and Experiment of the Water Exit Problem
Authors: Zheng Hualin , Qiang Hongfu , Zhu Yujie , Zhang Chi
Published: October 2024

The water exit problem, which is ubiquitous in ocean engineering, is a significant research topics in the interaction between navigators and water. The study of the water exit problem can help to improve the structural design of marine ships and underwater weapons, allowing for better strength and movement status. However, the water exit problem involves complex processes such as three-phase gas–liquid–solid coupling, cavitation, water separation, liquid surface deformation, and fragmentation, making it challenging to study. Following work carried out by many researchers on this issue, we summarize recent developments from three aspects: theoretical research, numerical simulation, and experimental results. In theoretical research, the improved von Karman model and linearized water exit model are introduced. Several classical experimental devices, data acquisition means, and cavitation approaches are introduced in the context of experimental development. Three numerical simulation methods, namely, the BEM (Boundary Element Method), VOF (Volume of Fluid), and FVM (Finite Volume Method) with LES (Large Eddy Simulation) are presented, and the respective limitations and shortcomings of these three aspects are analyzed. Finally, an outlook on future research improvements and developments of the water exit problem is provided.
PID Controller Based on Improved DDPG for Trajectory Tracking Control of USV
Authors: Wang Xing , Yi Hong , Xu Jia , Xu Chuanyi , Song Lifei
Published: October 2024

When navigating dynamic ocean environments characterized by significant wave and wind disturbances, USVs encounter time-varying external interferences and underactuated limitations. This results in reduced navigational stability and increased difficulty in trajectory tracking. Controllers based on deterministic models or non-adaptive control parameters often fail to achieve the desired performance. To enhance the adaptability of USV motion controllers, this paper proposes a trajectory tracking control algorithm that calculates PID control parameters using an improved Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm. Firstly, the maneuvering motion model and parameters for USVs are introduced, along with the guidance law for path tracking and the PID control algorithm. Secondly, a detailed explanation of the proposed method is provided, including the state, action, and reward settings for training the Reinforcement Learning (RL) model. Thirdly, the simulations of various algorithms, including the proposed controller, are presented and analyzed for comparison, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Finally, a maneuvering experiment under wave conditions was conducted in a marine tank using the proposed algorithm, proving its feasibility and effectiveness. This research contributes to the intelligent navigation of USVs in real ocean environments and facilitates the execution of subsequent specific tasks.
Wear Characteristics Caused by Ti3AlC2 Particles under Impact-Sliding Conditions in Marine Engine
Authors: Liu Jie , Shen Yan , Liu Zhixiang , Yu Baihong , Qu Jinghao , Li Leize , Zhang Guogang
Published: October 2024

With the marine industry’s demands for carbon reduction and increased reliability, the friction and wear performance of marine engines is becoming increasingly important. MAX phase materials show great potential in marine engine tribopair materials due to their unique microstructure and performance. The typical MAX phase material Ti3AlC2 was combined with MoDTC and added to the lubricant containing ZDDP additive for the tribopair composed of chromium-based ceramic composite coated steel (CKS) piston rings and cast iron cylinder liners under impact-sliding conditions. Compared to Ti3AlC2 alone, the friction coefficient and wear depth of the designed composite additive MoDTC/Ti3AlC2 were reduced by 36.9% and 41.4%, respectively. The worn surface lubricated with the Ti3AlC2/MoDTC composite additive showed fewer scratches with significantly less plastic deformation and clearer honing grooves. The multi-component tribofilm containing FeS, MoS2, MoO3, ZnO, TiO2, Al2O3, unoxidised particles, short-chain phosphates, and some ZnS was present on the worn cylinder liner surface. The synergistic effect of Ti3AlC2, MoDTC and ZDDP additives in the lubricant can isolate the mutual contact, generate a solid tribofilm and reduce the scratching. This can provide some guidance for the development of high-performance lubricant additives under impact-sliding conditions.
A Risk Identification Method for Ensuring AI-Integrated System Safety for Remotely Controlled Ships with Onboard Seafarers
Authors: Lee Changui , Lee Seojeong
Published: October 2024

The maritime sector is increasingly integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to enhance safety, environmental protection, and operational efficiency. With the introduction of the MASS Code by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), which regulates Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), ensuring the safety of AI-integrated systems on these vessels has become critical. To achieve safe navigation, it is essential to identify potential risks during the system planning stage and design systems that can effectively address these risks. This paper proposes RA4MAIS (Risk Assessment for Maritime Artificial Intelligence Safety), a risk identification method specifically useful for developing AI-integrated maritime systems. RA4MAIS employs a systematic approach to uncover potential risks by considering internal system failures, human interactions, environmental conditions, AI-specific characteristics, and data quality issues. The method provides structured guidance to identify unknown risk situations and supports the development of safety requirements that guide system design and implementation. A case study on an Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) with an AI-integrated collision avoidance function demonstrates the applicability of RA4MAIS, highlighting its effectiveness in identifying specific risks related to AI performance and reliability. The proposed method offers a foundational step towards enhancing the safety of software systems, contributing to the safe operation of autonomous ships.
Vulnerability Evolution of a Container Shipping Network in an Uncertain Environment: The Case of China–United States Connections
Authors: Qu Chenrui , Zhou Jiaxin , Sun Heying , Li Yimeng , Xie Wei
Published: October 2024

Container transportation has the advantages of standardization, high efficiency, and high safety, which are essential for promoting the development of the world economy and trade. Emergencies such as severe weather, public health incidents, and social security incidents can negatively affect the operational reliability of the container shipping network. To ensure the network security and high-quality operation of container shipping, a double-layer coupled container transportation network is first described to analyze the evolution of the container shipping network and the risk propagation dynamics of operation participants. On this basis, a cascade failure model of the container shipping network considering risk level is constructed. To evaluate the vulnerability of the container shipping network, the transmission mechanism of cascade failure effects of the container shipping network under different emergency development trends and the evolution law and influence path of the container shipping network structure are both analyzed. Finally, we empirically studied the container shipping network in China and the United States, and characteristic parameters of the China–U.S. container shipping network are calculated and analyzed. The model’s validity is verified through practical cases and model simulation results, and the cascading failure process of the container shipping network in China and the United States under three types of attacks is simulated. Suggestions are provided for effective improvement in the vulnerability of the container shipping network under every kind of contingency.
Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sebro Ayanna , Edwards Jonathan , Sued Omar , Lavia Leon-Omari , Elder Tricia , Edwards Robert Jeffrey , Akpaka Patrick Eberechi , Ram-Bhola Nadia , Morton-Williams Bynoe Roanna , Caro-Vega Yanink , John Isshad , Perez Freddy
Published: October 2024

The Caribbean continues to have high HIV prevalence globally with concurrently high mortality rates due to opportunistic Infections. This study addresses the prevalence of histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis among patients living with advanced HIV disease (AHD) in Trinidad and Tobago, focusing on the implementation of antigen-based diagnostic assays. Conducted as a cross-sectional survey across five HIV treatment sites, 199 participants with advanced HIV disease were enrolled between July 2022 and September 2023. Diagnostic testing was performed using the Clarus Histoplasma Galactomannan Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), and the Immy CrAg® LFA Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay on urine and blood samples, respectively. Results revealed that 14.6% of participants were found to be co-infected with either histoplasmosis or cryptococcosis, with histoplasmosis being more prevalent (10.5%) than cryptococcosis (4.0%). The study found no significant demographic differences between newly diagnosed and previously diagnosed participants. However, a lower median CD4 count was associated with a higher risk of fungal opportunistic infections. The findings underscore the critical role of systematic use of fungal antigen-based diagnostic assays among patients with AHD to improve the timely diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections among people living with HIV in resource-limited settings and to improve patient outcomes and survival.
Transformation of Engineered Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Surface Waters
Authors: Turcotte Patrice , Gagnon Christian
Published: October 2024

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are widely used for their catalytic properties, conductive capacity, and innovations in the fields of superconductors, alloys, and solar energy sensors. To better understand the impact of water chemistry on the stability of CuO nanoparticles, a series of measurements were carried out on nanoparticles suspended in pure water, natural water, and water enriched with natural organic matter fulvic acid (FA). ICP-MS characterization in single-particle mode (SP-ICP-MS) was performed to determine the stability or transformation of nanoparticles in contrasting water conditions. We first observed that particle sedimentation was very fast in pure Milli-Q water. The addition of FA favored the dissolution of CuO-NPs with an increase in the dissolved copper concentration, for both Milli-Q water and natural water. The presence of FA also reduced the size of CuO-NPs (i.e., less aggregation) measured in natural water. By comparing signals of single particles, FA decreased nanoparticle numbers as well, confirming the increase in dissolution of CuO-NPs over time. The transformation products of CuO-NPs are important in the ecological context since the uptake and toxicity of parent nanoparticles differ from those of the chemical species in solution. Further considerations are needed on the fate of released NPs to better assess their exposure pathways to aquatic organisms and potential environmental risks.
A Collection of Wisdom in Predicting Sector Returns: The Use of Google Search Volume Index
Authors: Chen Hsiu-lang , Stejskalova Jolana
Published: October 2024

This study investigates whether the aggregate investor information demand for all stocks in a sector demonstrated in the Google search volume index (SVI) can predict the sector’s performance. The evidence shows that a sector’s abnormal SVI can predict the sector’s performance next month, even after controlling for the sector’s contemporaneous standardized unexpected earnings and lagged returns on both the market and the sector. Also found is a partial reversal in the sector’s long-run performance that is not completely consistent with the price pressure hypothesis. This indicates that some fundamental information about a sector can be captured by the sector’s abnormal SVI on a timely basis.
Local Shear Stress and Dyslipidemia Interfere with Actin Cyto-Skeleton and Lysosomal Organization Contributing to Vascular Fragility
Authors: Do Couto Natalia , Lima Augusto , Rezende Luisa , Fraga-Silva Rodrigo , Fernandes-Braga Weslley , Michelin Lucas , Castro-Gomes Thiago , Stergiopulos Nikolaos , Andrade Luciana
Published: October 2024

Shear stress is one of the major hemodynamic forces acting on the endothelium. However, it is not well known how endothelial cells (EC) respond mechanically to these stimuli in vivo. Here we investigated whether changes in biomechanics properties and shear stress could increase cell susceptibility to injury, contributing to vascular fragility. We surgically implanted a shear stress modifier device on the carotid artery of ApoE-knockout mice (ApoE−/−), which, due to its shape, causes a gradual stenosis in the vessel, resulting in distinct shear stress patterns. Our data show actin fibers accumulation in areas with higher lipid deposition in ApoE−/−, indicating that dyslipidemia might interfere with EC actin cytoskeleton organization. We also showed that both shear stress and dyslipidemia were important for EC susceptibility to injury. Furthermore, lysosomal distribution, an important organelle for plasma membrane repair, was altered in ApoE−/−, which could compromise EC’s ability to repair from damage. Therefore, dyslipidemia and variations in shear stress patterns not only affect cellular mechanics by compromising the actin cytoskeleton organization, but also enhance cell susceptibility to injury and alter vesicle trafficking in vascular cells. This may likely contribute to vascular fragility and thus to the initial steps of atherosclerosis development.
Spatially Heterogeneous Relationships between Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs and Their Driving Factors: A Case Study in Baiyangdian Basin, China
Authors: Yin Zheng , Fu Xiao , Sun Ran , Li Shuang , Tang Mingfang , Deng Hongbing , Wu Gang
Published: October 2024

Clarifying the complex relationships among ecosystem services (ESs) and their driving mechanisms is essential for effective ecosystem management and enhancing human welfare. Nonetheless, the current research on these issues still remains limited; therefore, further theoretical exploration is required. This study aims to quantitatively illustrate the trade-off strength of ESs and investigate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity connections between these relationships and various anthropogenic and natural factors in Baiyangdian basin, China, integrating InVEST, RMSE, geographical detector and MGWR methods. From 2000 to 2020, the total water yield (WY) and nutrient export (NE) increased, while the total carbon storage (CS) and habitat quality (HQ) decreased slightly. The trade-offs of ESs showed spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The most serious trade-off occurred between regulating services (CS and NE) and supporting services (HQ) in 2000, which was mainly distributed in the densely forested and grassed western and northern regions of the basin. The trade-off intensities of half of the pairwise ESs in 2020 increased, with the strengthened areas mainly located in the southeast of the watershed where built-up lands are concentrated. Various factors dominated the trade-offs among ESs, with the interactive effects of multiple drivers being more significant than those of individual factors. Land use type, vegetation cover and precipitation have the most pronounced effect on the trade-offs among ESs. The findings of this study may suggest and advocate for spatial ecological strategies to enhance the integrated and holistic advancement of various ESs and also serve as a reference for regional ecosystem governance and the attainment of sustainable growth.
Empirical Modeling of Soil Loss and Yield Utilizing RUSLE and SYI: A Geospatial Study in South Sikkim, Teesta Basin
Authors: Nawazuzzoha Md , Rashid Md. Mamoon , Mishra Prabuddh Kumar , Abdelrahman Kamal , Fnais Mohammed S. , Naqvi Hasan Raja
Published: October 2024

Soil erosion and subsequent sedimentation pose significant challenges in the Sikkim Himalayas. In this study, we conducted an assessment of the impact of rainfall-induced soil erosion and sediment loss in South Sikkim, which falls within the Teesta Basin, employing Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Sediment Yield Index (SYI) models. Leveraging mean annual precipitation data, a detailed soil map, geomorphological landforms, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), and LANDSAT 8 OLI data were used to prepare the factorial maps of South Sikkim. The results of the RUSLE and SYI models revealed annual soil loss >200 t ha−1 yr−1, whereas mean values were estimated to be 93.42 t ha−1 yr−1 and 70.3 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Interestingly, both models displayed similar degrees of soil loss in corresponding regions under the various severity classes. Notably, low-severity erosion <50 t ha−1 yr−1 was predominantly observed in the valley sides in low-elevation zones, while areas with severe erosion rates >200 t ha−1 yr−1were concentrated in the upper reaches, characterized by steep slopes. These findings underscore the strong correlation between erosion rates and topography, which makes the region highly vulnerable to erosion. The prioritization of such regions and potential conservation methods need to be adopted to protect such precious natural resources in mountainous regions.
Mapping Ecological Security Patterns Based on Ecosystem Service Valuation in the Qinling-Daba Mountain Area, China: A Multi-Scenario Study for Development and Conservation Tradeoffs
Authors: Zhang Pingping , Song Mingjie , Lu Qiaoqi
Published: October 2024

When focusing on biodiversity maintenance, ecological security pattern (ESP) planning gradually becomes a multi-objective planning strategy for sustainable development; wildlife conservation and ecosystem health maintenance should be balanced with local economic development and people’s livelihood enhancement goals. This study focuses on ESP mapping in the Qinling-Daba Mountain area, which is an ecologically significant and socioeconomically underdeveloped area. The tradeoff between conservation and development is made by varying the area of ecological sources and incorporating ecosystem service tradeoffs into ecological source identification through multi-scenario designation. ESPs under six scenarios were generated based on the minimum resistance model, and the important ecological corridors and strategic points in each scenario were identified and compared. The results show the following: (1) The scenario that sets around 30 percent of the study area as ecological sources maintains the integrity of natural ecosystems and leaves space for food and material supply to residents. (2) In this scenario, the ecological sources are connected by 60 corridors that cross 137 townships with high population densities (>100 people/km2) and intersect with major traffic lines at 71 points. Engineering, management, or education strategies must be taken in these townships or intersections to avoid human–wildlife conflicts. (3) The study area needs to construct both short (north–south) corridors linking proximate ecological sources for species’ daily movement and long (west–east) corridors connecting large and distant sources for species’ seasonal migration and gene flow. (4) The multi-scenario approach turns out to be an effective strategy for ESP planning with considerations for development–conservation tradeoffs.
Different ECLS Pump Configurations for Temporary Right Ventricular Assist Device in LVAD Patients: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Opacic Dragan , Klüß Christian , Radakovic Darko , El-Hachem Georges , Becker Tobias , Rudloff Markus , Lauenroth Volker , Deutsch Marcus-André , Velasquez-Silva Claudio , Fox Henrik , Schramm René , Morshuis Michiel , Gummert Jan F. , Rojas Sebastian V.
Published: October 2024

Background: Acute right ventricular failure is a critical complication after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, often managed with a temporary paracorporeal right ventricular assist device (RVAD). This study examined three extracorporeal life support (ECLS) systems regarding mortality, bleeding complications, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay duration. Methods: This monocentric, retrospective case–control study included all patients receiving LVAD with paracorporeal RVAD between 2009 and 2020. Three patient groups were formed: CentrimagTM (A), CardiohelpTM (B), and DeltastreamTM (C). Results: A total of 245 patients were included. Preoperative parameters were similar between the CentrimagTM and DeltastreamTM groups, but CardiohelpTM patients had worse Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) Scores (A: 1.7 ± 0.8, B: 1.36 ± 0.5, C: 1.9 ± 0.9; p < 0.05). In-hospital death rates were A: 61 (41.8%), B: 15 (32.6%), C: 29 (54.7%); p < 0.05, and reoperation due to bleeding rates were A: 32 (21.9%), B: 8 (17.4%), C: 25 (47.2%); p < 0.05, with the DeltastreamTM group showing the highest rates. This group also had increased thrombocyte consumption and prolonged ICU stays. Conclusions: Temporary RVADs lead to bleeding complications, affecting patient outcomes. The DeltastreamTM group had significantly higher bleeding complications, likely due to high pump revolution rates and thrombocyte decline. Due to the study’s retrospective nature and complex patient profiles, these interesting findings should be validated in future studies.
Thwarting the Tyranny of Fathers: Women in Nicole Krauss’s Great House and the Creative Transmission of Traumatic Memory
Authors: Vallas Sophie
Published: October 2024

With Great House (2010), Nicole Krauss offers a choral novel that interweaves the lives of several characters loosely connected by a huge, wooden desk that one of them relentlessly chases around the world. A possible symbol of the memory of the Second World War Jewish genocide transmitted to younger generations, the desk powerfully materializes transmission in its potentially traumatic, obsessional, and violent dimensions. This essay deals with the way first- and second-generation women, in the novel, develop ingenious, creative but also uncompromising responses to the inescapable duty of remembrance. While the dominating male characters freeze memory in timeless, petrified representations, these female writers expose its terrible necessity while hiding nothing of the damages memory causes to witnesses and descendants. They claim a right of inventory and use the desk as an echo-chamber reflecting both the suffering voices of children and the dark presence of defaulting fathers and failing mothers, thus allowing for a new generation to be born with a more bearable heritage.
Enhancing the Wear Performance of 316L Stainless Steel with Nb2O5 Coatings Deposited via DC Sputtering at Room Temperature under Varied Environmental Conditions
Authors: Ferreira Murilo Oliveira Alves , Morgado Victor Auricchio Fernandes , dos Santos Kauê Ribeiro , Gelamo Rogério Valentim , Mariani Fábio Edson , Slade Natália Bueno Leite , Morais Mateus Mota , Fortulan Carlos Alberto , Galo Rodrigo , Jasinevicius Renato Goulart , Pinto Haroldo Cavalcanti , Moreto Jéferson Aparecido
Published: October 2024

Niobium-based oxides have garnered increased attention in recent years for their remarkable enhancement of corrosion resistance, as well as biofunctional properties of various metallic materials, including 316L SS. However, the mechanical properties of these promising coatings have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated how much the environmental conditions (air, artificial saliva, and NaCl solution) impact the wear performance of 316L SS without and with Nb2O5 coatings deposited via the reactive sputtering technique. The results exhibited a notable decrease in friction coefficient (55% in air, 18% in artificial saliva, 10% in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution), wear area (46% in air, 36% in AS, 17.5% in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution), and wear rate (44.0% in air, 19.5% in AS, 12.0% in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution). Ultimately, the results obtained in the present study elucidate the synergistic mechanisms of corrosion and wear in 316L SS containing Nb2O5 coatings, highlighting its significant potential for applications in the biomedical sector.
Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Regenerated Cellulose through High-Temperature Pre-Gelation
Authors: Yu Yuxiu , Wang Weiku , Liu Yaodong
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the effects of pre-gelation on cellulose dissolved in LiCl/DMAc solutions to enhance the properties of regenerated cellulose materials. This study focuses on characterizing the crystallinity, molecular orientation, and mechanical performance of cellulose fibers and hydrogels prepared with and without pre-gelation treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that crystallinity improvement from 55% in untreated fibers to 59% in fibers pre-gelled for 3 and 7 days, indicating a more ordered arrangement of cellulose chains post-regeneration. Additionally, XRD patterns show improved chain alignment in pre-gelled fibers, as indicated by reduced full width at half the maximum of Azimuthal scans. Mechanical testing demonstrates a 30% increase in tensile strength and a doubling of the compression modulus for pre-gelled fibers compared to untreated fibers. These findings underscore the role of pre-gelation in optimizing cellulose material properties for applications ranging from advanced textiles to biomaterials and sustainable packaging. Future research directions include further exploration of the structural and functional benefits of pre-gelation in cellulose processing and its broader implications in material science and engineering.
Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of API X70 Linepipe Steel under Ex Situ and In Situ Hydrogen Charging
Authors: Oh Dong-Kyu , Kim Sang-Gyu , Shin Seung-Hyeok , Hwang Byoungchul
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the hydrogen embrittlement behavior of API X70 linepipe steel. The microstructure was primarily composed of a dislocation-rich bainitic microstructure and polygonal ferrite. Slow strain-rate tests (SSRTs) were performed under both ex situ and in situ electrochemical hydrogen charging conditions to examine the difference between hydrogen diffusion and trapping behaviors. The ex situ SSRTs showed almost the same tensile properties as air and a limited brittle fracture confined to near the surface. In contrast, the in situ SSRTs showed an abrupt failure after the maximum tensile load, leading to a brittle fracture across the entire fracture surface with stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking (SOHIC). The crack trace analysis results indicated that SOHIC propagation paths were influenced by localized hydrogen accumulation due to high-stress fields. As a result, the dominant hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms, such as hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity (HELP) and hydrogen-enhanced decohesion (HEDE), changed. These findings provide critical insights into the microstructural factors affecting hydrogen embrittlement, which are essential for the design of hydrogen-resistant steels in hydrogen infrastructure applications.
Continuous Casting Slab Mold: Key Role of Nozzle Immersion Depth
Authors: Chen Liang , Chen Xiqing , Wang Pu , Zhang Jiaquan
Published: October 2024

Based on a physical water model with a scaling factor of 0.5 and a coupled flow–heat transfer–solidification numerical model, this study investigates the influence of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) depth on the mold surface behavior, slag entrapment, internal flow field, temperature distribution, and initial solidification behavior in slab casting. The results indicate that when the SEN depth is too shallow (80 mm), the slag layer on the narrow face is thin, leading to slag entrapment. Within a certain range of SEN depths (less than 170 mm), increasing the SEN depth reduces the impact on the mold walls, shortening the “plateau period” of stagnated growth on the narrow face shell. This allows the upper recirculation flow to develop more fully, resulting in an increase in the surface flow velocity and an expansion in the high-temperature region near the meniscus, which promotes uniform slag melting but also heightens the risk of slag entrainment due to shear stress at the liquid surface (with 110 mm being the most stable condition). As the SEN depth continues to increase, the surface flow velocity gradually decreases, and the maximum fluctuation in the liquid surface diminishes, while the full development of the upper recirculation zone leads to a higher and more uniform meniscus temperature. This suggests that in practical production, it is advisable to avoid this critical SEN depth. Instead, the immersion depth should be controlled at a slightly shallower position (around 110 mm) or a deeper position (around 190 mm).