bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensuring the Economic Security of Ukraine in the Aspect of the Association Agreement Between the EU
Authors: Mohilevskyi Leonid , Fursa Viktoryia , Sievidova Iryna , Komziuk Mykola , Khloponina-Gnatenko Olga , Pidkopai Daria
Published: June 2021

The study characterizes economic security as a set of conditions that are necessary to ensure the normal economic development of the country and restore the gap in development in comparison with European countries during Ukraine's integration into the EU. It is shown that ensuring economic security is an important function of the state. The problem of economic security arises not only from the definition of the internal policy of the state, but also determines the issues of foreign strategy. The necessity of calculating the main safety criteria has been proved, allowing to anticipate possible dangers, determine potential current and future damage and take preventive measures. Stability and development require a dynamic approach to solving the problem of economic security. This is mainly due to the rapid change in indicators of economic security and indicators with a change in the operating conditions of international, political, economic, market and other systems. The urgency of solving the problems of economic security is based on the need to get rid of the dependence of the national economy on the level of competition in world markets. This is due to the emergence of serious economic risks arising when the actual values ​​of economic security indicators go beyond the threshold levels. The current level of economic security has been investigated by calculating indicators that characterize all sectors of the national economy. The most problematic areas requiring immediate response have been identified. The presented methodology for calculating the integral indicator of the economic security of Ukraine quite accurately describes the current state of the national economy and can be practically applicable to domestic and foreign government bodies in the analysis of critical vulnerabilities of national economic security.
The EU ETS Top Ten Polluters List as a Policy Tool of Climate Action Organisations
Authors: Zimakov Andrei
Published: June 2021

The EU ETS is one of the most important EC instruments to curb CO2 emissions. Various climate action organisations use verified emissions data from EU ETS to calculate top EU polluters lists. These shortlists are actively used in their advocacy strategies as an evidence of national or EU-wide climate policies (under)performance to influence policymaking. However, there is no official EU ETS top ten list released by the EC what weakens the political power of this tool. Addressing possible reasons for EC’s reluctance the paper investigates the correlation between the presence of national enterprises in the EU ETS top ten list and the national climate policy actions over 2008-2019 timeframe. Despite different limitations, the EU ETS top ten is adequately reflecting main developments in national efforts to curb GHG emissions and is pointing out underperforming countries and industries covered by the EU ETS. In the variety of hard and soft EU climate policy instruments, the EU ETS top ten polluters list could feature as an information tool. It is especially important for climate action organizations, providing them with an officially released rating as a common reference point that they could use in their evaluations and political campaigns.
Revealing of biodiversity and antimicrobial effects of Artemisia asiatica endophytes
Authors: Vigneshwari Aruna , Erdenebileg Saruul , Fujkin Kata , Csupor Dezső , Hohmann Judit , Papp Tamás , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Szekeres András
Published: June 2021

Endophytic fungi produce a plethora of secondary metabolites, which may open new avenues to study their applicability in pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the present study focuses on the fungal endophytic community of Artemisia asiatica. During our work, fungal endophytes were isolated from a medicinal plant, A. asiatica. The culturable endophytic fungi were identified using molecular techniques and biodiversity, richness and tissue specificity were examined. As these microorganisms have been generally identified as an abundant reservoir of novel antimicrobial compounds, the antimicrobial (i.e. antibacterial and antifungal) activities of the metabolites produced by the isolated fungi were studied. Numerous extracts containing the endophytic metabolites proved to be active against the applied test microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeasts and filamentous fungi, which can be examined in detail in the future and, based on the the chemical nature of these active metabolites, allow to discover novel bioactive metabolites.
Histomorphological perspectives of preputial and clitoral glands of soft-furred ﬁeld rat Millardia meltada
Authors: Rajagopal Thangavel , Vaideki Ganesan Ramya , Saibaba Ganesan , Ponmanickam Ponnirul , Achiraman Shanmugam , Rajanarayanan Swaminathan , Akbarsha Mohammad Abdulkader , Archunan Govindaraju
Published: June 2021

The present study was an attempt to understand the sexual dimor-phism of the integumentary scent glands of soft-furred field rat Millardia meltada from the perspectives of anatomy, morphology and histology with view to correlate with the sex-specific pheromones they produce. The scent gland of male is known as preputial gland, and female, the clitoral gland. The rats, that are agricultural pests were field caught, the glands of males and females of almost identical size were dissected out, and subjected to gravimetric, morphometric and histological analyses. Both glands are yellowish-brown, pear-shaped, and dorsoventrally compressed. The mean weight, length and width of preputial glands are significantly (p < 0.05) larger than that of the clitoral glands. The preputial gland is composed of sebaceous glandular lobules and apocrine glandular lobules whereas the clitoral gland is formed only of sebaceous glandular lobules. The sebaceous glandular lobules of both preputial and clitoral glands are filled with a wax-like material. Thus, the scent glands of the soft-furred male field rats exhibit sexual dimorphism in respect histoarchitecture of the glands and the nature of the secretory material. This sexual dimorphism of the scent glands may reﬂect control by male and female sex hormones impinging on specific roles as sex attractant pheromones.
Acidic ambiance induced post-oxidative stress aﬀects AMPK- PGC1α-SIRT1 axis in the skeletal muscles of zebraﬁsh Danio rerio Hamilton, 1822
Authors: Chowdhury Sabarna , Chatterjee Subhendu K. , Bhattacharya Samir , Maitra Sudipta , Saikia Surjya K.
Published: June 2021

The present study was aimed to understand whether acidic pH induces oxidative stress in zebrafish affecting metabolic sensor protein and thereby, the mitochondrial functions in the skeletal muscle of zebrafish. The experiments performed in aquaria involved the study of the changes of HIF1α, AMPK, PGC1α and SIRT1 levels together with the levels of mitochondrial Tfam and Nrf1. The results obtained from investigation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione revealed that the fish undergoes oxidative stress within a short duration of exposure to acidic ambiance. Further analysis with MDA and HIF1α helped to understand the effects of post oxidative stress on skeletal muscle of the fish at pH 5.0 (± 0.5). Of the three tissues studied (gill, brain and skeletal muscle) the effect was maximum in skeletal muscle as depicted by MDA level at 2 hours beyond which it declines augmenting death or mortality (15%) to the fish. Consequently, HIF1α was increased as an adaptive strategy against metabolic disruption during the first 2 hours period. However, on exposure to pH 5.0 (± 0.5) for 2 hours, there were decrease of the metabolic sensors viz. AMPK and SIRT1 followed by mitochondrial gene transcriptional co-activator PGC1α. The expression of mitochon-drial transcription factors Tfam and Nrf1 were also reduced confirming perturbation in mitochondrial function affecting low ATP production compared to control. This was also supported by the decrease of COXII as well as mitochondrial complex I activity. All these results confirm that the metabolic machinery of zebrafish is affected when pH was lowered to 5.0 (± 0.5).
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective property of squalene for counteracting the oxidative damage induced by methotrex- ate in experimental rats
Authors: Sumi Edakkukaran Sudhakaran , Dara Pavan Kumar , Mannuthy Rosemol Jacob , Ganesan Balaraman , Anandan Rangasamy , Mathew Suseela
Published: June 2021

Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate drug, is extensively prescribed for patients suﬀering from diseases like cancer, psoriasis, neoplasms, and rheumatoid arthritis. Despite its eﬀectiveness, MTX sometimes ﬁnds limited application because its undesirable side eﬀects, including hepatic or renal impairment, bone marrow toxicity and gastrointestinal mucosal injury. Squalene, a highly unsaturated isoprenoid compound, isolated from shark liver oil has great potential in neutralizing the damaging eﬀects triggered by free radicals. Therefore, in this study, the protective role of dietary squalene supplementation on oxidative stress induced by methotrexate in experimental rats was evaluated. A signiﬁcant reduction was displayed in the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in MTX-intoxicated groups compared to other groups. Similarly, the activities of glutathione dependant enzymes (GPx and GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in MTX-induced groups were shown to be lower compared to the untreated control. Increased LPO (lipid peroxide) level was found in MTX-intoxicated groups compared to other groups. In addition, alterations in the levels of liver marker enzymes like AST, ALP, ALT, and LDH were noticed in MTX intoxicated groups compared to other groups. Biochemical results were conﬁrmed by the histopathological examination of liver sections. In conclusion, the result obtained in the present study proposes that squalene exerts antioxidant activity and is capable of ameliorating oxidative stress and liver injury induced by MTX.
Determination and uncertainty analysis of inorganic arsenic in rice by UHPLC-ICPMS
Authors: Rangasamy Rajesh , Malekadi Praveen Kumar , Mohamed D. Peer , Tyagi Dheeraj Kumar , Raveendran Rahul , Gupta Ananda
Published: June 2021

The present study arose from the need of to determine inorganic arsenic (iAs) at low levels in rice. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ICPMS) using Kinetic Energy Discrimination (KED) mode to eliminate spectral interferences was used for analysis of iAs. Sample preparation involves extraction of inorganic arsenic (sum of As3+ and As5+) with water by heating at 90 °C for 5 min in water bath. Separation is accomplished with a reversed-phase ion pack column using a gradient chromatographic method followed by ICPMS analysis within 5 min. The method was validated in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) No 836/2011 and performance characteristics were verified. Acceptable values were obtained for specificity, repeatability (HorRatr < 0.6), within-lab reproducibility (HorRatR < 0.3) with recovery 80-90%, limit of quantification (0.02 mg/kg), fitness-for-purpose and trueness (using CRM); thus, the method can be considered for oﬃcial control purposes.
MOBILE APPLICATION REMOVES SOCIETAL BARRIERS TO P4 MEDICINE
Authors: Michel J.-P.
Published: June 2021

The overlap between one innovative paradigm (P4 medicine: predictive, personalized, participatory and preventive) and another (a new definition of “Healthy ageing”) is fertile ground for new technologies; a new mobile application (app) that could broaden our scientific knowledge of the ageing process and help us to better analyse the impact of possible interventions in slowing the ageing decline. A novel mobile application is here presented as a game including questions and tests will allow in 10 minutes the assessment of the following domains: robustness, flexibility (lower muscle strength), balance, mental and memory complaints, semantic memory and visual retention. This game is completed by specific measurements, which could allow establishing precise information on functional and cognitive abilities. A global evaluation precedes advice and different types of exercises. The repetition of the tests and measures will allow a long follow up of the individual performances which could be shared (on specific request) with family members and general practitioners.
La santidad femenina. El caso de Teresa de Jesús
Authors: García-Hernán Enrique
Published: June 2021

Esta nota presenta una evaluación del libro Teresa de Jesús. La construcción de la santidad femenina. Este libro entra en el debate historiográfico de los últimos años sobre la santidad femenina religiosa en la época barroca española. Utiliza el caso de Teresa de Jesús como éxito en la consecución de la santidad.
The state of cellular immunity in children with recurrent respiratory diseases
Authors: Povorova O
Published: June 2021

In children with recurrent respiratory diseases, deviations from the norm of various parameters of the immunity system were determined in more than 85% of cases. The most part of children with indicators outside the range of reference values of the subpopulations of lymphocytes is determined at the age of 3-6 years. In children, a decrease in B lymphocytes (CD19+), as well as T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (СD3+СD8+), is accompanied by an increase in T cells (CD3+) and T helper cells (CD3+CD4+). The most frequent variants of combined disorders of the parameters of the cellular link of immunity were determined: a decrease in B-lymphocytes and an increase in T-cells and T-helpers - in 40.2% (206 out of 512 children); a decrease in B-lymphocytes and a decrease in T-cytotoxic ones - in 42% (215 of 512). Similar correlations between cellular immunity indicators in frequently ill children of Mogilev and Minsk regions were determined: positive Spearman correlation coefficients between CD3/CD4 and CD3/CD8 T- cells, negative-between CD4/CD8 T- cells. The proportion of children with indices of T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations within the normal range is higher in children of the Minsk region compared with children in the Mogilev region for all the studied subpopulations of lymphocytes (P<0.05). There were no differences in the leukocyte-T-lymphocyte index between the two groups of children.
Analyzing the profile of the manager from the perspective of the employees: A case study
Authors: Albuquerque André , Melo Fagner José Coutinho de , Xavier Larissa , Medeiros Denise Dumke
Published: June 2021

Goal: This paper proposes to study the leader's profile using the Johari Window to establish feedback on the leader's behavior in comparison with the employees' point of view.

Design / Methodology / Approach: The case study was carried out in a given material distribution center for civil construction through a questionnaire, based on the Johari window model. The research was classified as applied, exploratory, qualitative and case study.

Results: Most of the respondents in the surveyed sector have the opinion that their leader is inserted in the “blind” area of Johari window, that is, it is an area unknown to the leader, either because subordinates do not want to share feedback or because the leader is not able or does not care about it. Through these results, improvements were proposed.

Limitations of the investigation: The questionnaire was only applied in one moment, and it is not possible to compare the leader's Johari window with the posterior view of each team member.

Practical implications: When leaders share their way of thinking and acting and are willing to receive feedback, there will be greater clarity in communication and executing objectives. With this, it is possible to obtain more qualified and motivated personnel for the performance of the organization's activities, reducing costs, increasing productivity, generating a competitive advantage.

Originality / Value: Understanding the relationship between the leader and followers in the researched sector, verifying the confrontation of the opinion of the followers about the behavior of the leader in order to improve the organizational environment to achieve the objectives.
Place Attachment Masyarakat di RW 04, Kelurahan Polehan, Kota Malang
Authors: Haryani Efma , Rukmi Wara Indira , Setyono Deni Agus
Published: June 2021

The settlement area in RW 04 is determined as one of the priority areas that the Government of Malang City should overcome from slum problems. Slum factors in RW 04 are caused by density settlement, unlivable residential area, and environmental pollution by the community activities. Therefore, the local government creates a program to diminish the slum and to support the 100-0-100 Program as well. The effort to overcome the slum problems is done through a progam called PLPBK  (Penataan Lingkungan Permukiman Berbasis Komunitas) which can affect community place attachment. Hence, the community image of RW 04 would change from a slum into a clean and beautiful residential area. The environmental transformation in RW 04 could strengthen place attachment and as a result, the people feel more comfortable, proud, and safe. This study aims to identify community place attachment in RW 04, Polehan, Malang and the analysis used is descriptive statistics. This research shows that the community would have a strong place attachment as long as the respondents have the willingness to develop place attachment through experience, intensity of social interaction, the possession of valuable object, action or effort to control the environment, the length of resident, do not migrate, and RW 04 that is able to replace the childhood memories of immigrant. The strong place attachment is affected by the respondents characteristics as well, and as a result, they tend to have willingness to live in RW 04.
Effect of different dosage of EMS on germination, survivability and morpho-physiological characteristics of sunflower seedling
Authors: Habib Sheikh Hasna , Akanda Md. Abdul Latif , Roy Pryanka , Kausar Hossain
Published: June 2021

To find out the effect of EMS dosage on sunflower variety BARI Surjamukhi-2, different EMS concentrations were compared at the molecular biology laboratory (MBL), Oilseed Research Centre (ORC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur. A total of 10 seeds were treated with each treatment and % germination, % survival and early seedling growth was investigated. Decreased % germination was found with the increasing dose of EMS for all the treatment compared to the control, except for T
4 (0.6% EMS) treatment where a 100% seed was found to be germinated. With an exception of treatment T
4, a decreasing trend of % survivability with the increasing dose of EMS was observed. The gradual reduction with the increasing dose of EMS were observed for most of the studied characters such as leaf area, number of internodes, internode length, fresh and dry weight of leaf, dry weight of shoot, and fresh and dry weight of root in comparison to non-treated control seedlings. However, stimulatory effect with lower dosage of EMS was observed for shoot length in T
2 (0.2% EMS), root length in T
3 (0.4% EMS), and stem fresh weight in T
2 over control. Based on a quadratic regression analysis, using % survivability data, LD50 was calculated and optimum EMS dose was found 0.5%. Hence, the optimized EMS dose of 0.5% may be used to develop large scale desirable mutant of sunflower variety BARI Surjamukhi-2.
The experimental study of CFRP interlayer of dissimilar joint AA7075-T651/Ti-6Al-4V alloys by friction stir spot welding on mechanical and microstructural properties
Authors: Nasir Tauqir , Kalaf Omer , Asmael Mohammed , Zeeshan Qasim , Safaei Babak , Hussain Ghulam , Motallebzadeh Amir
Published: June 2021

The present study focused on two dissimilar metal alloys: AA7075-T651 and Ti-6Al-4V alloys with additional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) as an interlayer were welded together by friction stir spot welding (FSSW). The effect of welding parameters (rotational speed and dwell time) and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer on mechanical and microstructural properties of a weld joint was investigated. The obtained results explore the parametric effects on mechanical properties of the weld joint. The maximum tensile shear load 2597.8 N was achieved at the rotational speed of 2,000 rpm and dwell time of 10 s. While at the same rotational speed, 54.7% reduction in the tensile shear load was attained at shorter dwell time of 5 s. Therefore, dwell time plays an important role in the tensile shear load of a weld joint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS) results show the formation of intermetallic compound of Ti3Al and Ti-Al-C that significantly affect the mechanical and microstructural properties of the weld joint. Moreover, the effect of the rotational speed on micro-hardness was found at significant than dwell time. The micro-hardness of the weld joint increase by 18.90% in the keyhole rather than the stir zone and the thermomechanical affected zone, which might be due to the presence of ternary (Ti-Al-C) intermetallic compound.
Entwicklung von zertifizierten Referenzproben für den thermoelektrischen Leistungsfaktor
Authors: Haupt Sebastian , Huang Kai , Edler Frank , Ziolkowski Pawel
Published: June 2021

Thermoelektrische Generatoren (TEGs) ermöglichen es, ungenutzte Wärme mithilfe des Seebeck-Effektes in elektrische Energie zu überführen. Die Entwicklung von effizienten thermoelektrischen Materialien und TEGs wird durch den Mangel an geeigneten Referenzmaterialien und einer rückführbaren Messtechnik erschwert. An der Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) wird seit einigen Jahren an der Entwicklung von thermoelektrischen Referenzmaterialien und der zugehörigen Messtechnik geforscht [1]. Im Rahmen des Projektes „TEST-HT“ (Thermoelektrische Standardisation für hohe Temperaturen), wird das weltweit erste halbleitende Referenzmaterial für den Leistungsfaktor im Bereich von 300 K bis 1000 K entwickelt. Als Material wurde Kobalt dotiertes β-Eisendisilizid (β-Fe0.95Co0.05Si2) (FeSi2) ausgewählt, welches von unserem Projektpartner, dem Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), hergestellt wird [2]. In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir den aktuellen Stand der Zertifizierung des FeSi2.
Effects of Withdrawal from Cocaine Self-Administration on Rat Orbitofrontal Cortex Parvalbumin Neurons ExpressingCre recombinase: Sex-Dependent Changes in Neuronal Function and Unaltered Serotonin Signaling
Authors: Wright Andrew M. , Zapata Agustin , Hoffman Alexander F. , Necarsulmer Julie C. , Coke Lamarque M. , Svarcbahs Reinis , Richie Christopher T. , Pickel James , Hope Bruce T. , Harvey Brandon K. , Lupica Carl R.
Published: June 2021

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a brain region involved in higher-order decision-making. Rodent studies show that cocaine self-administration (CSA) reduces OFC contribution to goal-directed behavior and behavioral strategies to avoid drug intake. This change in OFC function persists for many weeks after cocaine withdrawal, suggesting involvement in the process of addiction. The mechanisms underlying impaired OFC function by cocaine are not well-understood. However, studies implicate altered OFC serotonin (5-HT) function in disrupted cognitive processes during addiction and other psychiatric disorders. Thus, it is hypothesized that cocaine impairment of OFC function involves changes in 5-HT signaling, and previous work shows that 5-HT1Aand 5-HT2Areceptor-mediated effects on OFC pyramidal neurons (PyNs) are impaired weeks after cocaine withdrawal. However, 5-HT effects on other contributors to OFC circuit function have not been fully investigated, including the parvalbumin-containing, fast-spiking interneurons (OFCPV), whose function is essential to normal OFC-mediated behavior. Here, 5-HT function in naive rats and those withdrawn from CSA were evaluated using a novel rat transgenic line in which the rat parvalbumin promoter drives Cre-recombinase expression to permit identification of OFCPVcells by fluorescent reporter protein expression. We find that whereas CSA altered basal synaptic and membrane properties of the OFCPVneurons in a sex-dependent manner, the effects of 5-HT on these cells were unchanged by CSA. These data suggest that the behavioral effects of dysregulated OFC 5-HT function caused by cocaine experience are primarily mediated by changes in 5-HT signaling at PyNs, and not at OFCPVneurons.
Acoustically Driven Cortical δ Oscillations Underpin Prosodic Chunking
Authors: Rimmele J. M. , Poeppel D. , Ghitza O.
Published: June 2021

Oscillation-based models of speech perception postulate a cortical computational principle by which decoding is performed within a window structure derived by a segmentation process. Segmentation of syllable-size chunks is realized by a θ oscillator. We provide evidence for an analogous role of a δ oscillator in the segmentation of phrase-sized chunks. We recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) in humans, while participants performed a target identification task. Random-digit strings, with phrase-long chunks of two digits, were presented at chunk rates of 1.8 or 2.6 Hz, inside or outside the δ frequency band (defined here to be 0.5–2 Hz). Strong periodicities were elicited by chunk rates inside of δ in superior, middle temporal areas and speech-motor integration areas. Periodicities were diminished or absent for chunk rates outside δ, in line with behavioral performance. Our findings show that prosodic chunking of phrase-sized acoustic segments is correlated with acoustic-driven δ oscillations, expressing anatomically specific patterns of neuronal periodicities.
What global biogeochemical consequences will marine animal–sediment interactions have during climate change?
Authors: Bianchi Thomas S. , Aller Robert C. , Atwood Trisha B. , Brown Craig J. , Buatois Luis A. , Levin Lisa A. , Levinton Jeffrey S. , Middelburg Jack J. , Morrison Elise S. , Regnier Pierre , Shields Michael R. , Snelgrove Paul V. R. , Sotka Erik E. , Stanley Ryan R. E.
Published: June 2021

Benthic animals profoundly influence the cycling and storage of carbon and other elements in marine systems, particularly in coastal sediments. Recent climate change has altered the distribution and abundance of many seafloor taxa and modified the vertical exchange of materials between ocean and sediment layers. Here, we examine how climate change could alter animal-mediated biogeochemical cycling in ocean sediments. The fossil record shows repeated major responses from the benthos during mass extinctions and global carbon perturbations, including reduced diversity, dominance of simple trace fossils, decreased burrow size and bioturbation intensity, and nonrandom extinction of trophic groups. The broad dispersal capacity of many extant benthic species facilitates poleward shifts corresponding to their environmental niche as overlying water warms. Evidence suggests that locally persistent populations will likely respond to environmental shifts through either failure to respond or genetic adaptation rather than via phenotypic plasticity. Regional and global ocean models insufficiently integrate changes in benthic biological activity and their feedbacks on sedimentary biogeochemical processes. The emergence of bioturbation, ventilation, and seafloor-habitat maps and progress in our mechanistic understanding of organism–sediment interactions enable incorporation of potential effects of climate change on benthic macrofaunal mediation of elemental cycles into regional and global ocean biogeochemical models.
Heat transfer by seepage in sand: Influence of saturated hydraulic conductivity and porosity
Authors: Ghafoori Yaser , Maček Matej , Vidmar Andrej , Říha Jaromír , Kryžanowski Andrej
Published: June 2021

Heat transfer within the soil is a complex process in the presence of seepage flow. In such conditions, the soil’s thermal behavior is influenced by the thermal and hydraulic properties of the medium as well as the initial conditions and boundary conditions to which the medium is subjected. This paper presents the experimental and numerical studies of heat transfer within the sand subjected to the seepage flow. It focuses on the influence of saturated hydraulic conductivity and the porosity of medium on the heat transfer process. The temperature distribution within the sand was monitored by the optical fiber Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS). The experiment was performed on three types of silica-dominated sands with different saturated hydraulic conductivities and different Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC). In addition to the experimental study, a coupled hydrothermal numerical model was designed in FEFLOW software and validated by comparing its results with the experimental measurements. To determine the influence of porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity on heat transfer, we analyzed the numerical models for different values of porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The numerical and experimental studies showed that the thermal velocity is higher in sand with higher saturated hydraulic conductivity and temperature declination occurs more quickly due to the heat convection process. Saturated sand with larger porosity has an overall higher heat capacity, wherefore the temperature declination started later in the measuring points but dropped down lower close to the temperature of the upstream water.
The Effect of Profitability, Liquidity, and Asset Structure on Capital Structure with Firm Size as Moderating Variable
Authors: Dewi Cicilia Ratna , Fachrurrozie Fachrurrozie
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of profitability, liquidity, and asset structure on capital structure with firm size as a moderating variable. The population of this study was all property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2014-2016. The number of samples used was 39 companies with the audit of analysis of 117. This study used secondary data taken from the annual financial statements. The method of data analysis was descriptive analysis and Moderated regression analysis by difference absolute value test. The data analysis used was IBM SPSS Statistics 21. The result of the study showed that profitability, liquidity, and asset structure had negative and significant effects on capital structure. Firm size was able to moderates significantly the effect of liquidity on capital structure, but it is not able to moderate the effect of profitability and asset structure on the capital structure. The study concludes that capital structure is influenced by profitability, liquidity, and liquidity that moderated by firm size.

Keywords: Profitability; Liquidity; Asset Structure; Capital Structure; Firm Size
Analysis of the Effect of Fraud Pentagon Factors on Fraudulent Financial Statement with Audit Committee as Moderating Variable
Authors: Dewi Krisna , Anisykurlillah Indah
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of fraud pentagon on fraudulent financial statements with audit committee as moderating variable. The population of this study was the property, real estate, and construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2016-2018. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained 52 companies with 156 units of analysis. The data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis by IBM SPSS Ver.26. The results showed that company growth had a positive effect on fraudulent financial statements. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of supervision, quality of external auditors, the experience of directors, and CEO duality did not affect fraudulent financial statements. Audit committee significantly moderated the effect of company growth, the effectiveness of supervision, and the experience of directors on fraudulent financial statements. However, audit committee did not moderate the effect of quality of external auditors and CEO duality on fraudulent financial statements. This study concludes that the fraudulent financial statements will be higher when the company growth is higher. Audit committee weakens the effect of company growth, the effectiveness of supervision, and the experience of directors on fraudulent financial statements.

Keywords: Fraudulent Financial Statement; Fraud Pentagon; Audit Committee
Love of Money, Religiosity, and Gender: How do These Affect the Ethical Perceptions of Public Accountants?
Authors: Saadah Naili , Samroh Samroh
Published: June 2021

Ethics has always been an interesting issue to discuss in any discussion related to the professionalism of the world of accounting and auditing. Public scepticism towards the accounting profession is quite reasonable since there are not a few auditors and public accountants involved with financial scandals. Money for an individual is like a double-edged knife, on the one hand, it is a need, but it can also be a root of greed, no exception for an auditor. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of love of money on the ethical perceptions of public auditors. Whether there is an influence of the love of money on the ethical perceptions of public auditors and how does this affect it when faced with one’s religiosity and gender. Using the object of the research of auditors who are members of the public accounting firm in Semarang city, this research succeeded in collecting a sample of 43 auditors with the criteria of having had at least three years of experience as an auditor. The results prove that love of money has a direct effect on the ethical perceptions of public auditors. However, when the feeling of love of money is faced with religiosity and gender, it does not significantly influence auditors’ ethical perceptions. Therefore, it can be concluded that love of money is one’s attitude in general which is reflected in the behaviour of an auditor so that one’s love of money can directly influence an auditor’s ethical perception.

Keywords: Love of Money; Religiosity; Gender; Ethical Perceptions
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Optimal feminizing hormone treatment in transgender people
Authors: Glintborg Dorte , T’Sjoen Guy , Ravn Pernille , Andersen Marianne Skovsager
Published: June 2021

Transgender women are assigned male at birth but identified as women. The incidence of gender dysphoria is estimated to be around 1% of the population. Gender dysphoria may be associated with depression and low quality of life, which in most cases improves during gender-affirming hormonal treatment (GAHT). Feminizing hormonal treatment for transgender women or gender non-binary people typically includes natural estrogen (estradiol). Additional testosterone-blocking treatment is often needed to ensure the suppression of the pituitary-gonadal axis and may include cyproterone acetate, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), or spironolactone. The health risks of cyproterone acetate as anti-androgen treatment are debated and randomized protocols with other anti-androgen treatments are requested. Orchiectomy is performed in some transgender women after various duration of GAHT. Currently, natural progesterone is not recommended as part of GAHT due to limited knowledge on the balance between risks and benefits. In the present article, we discuss evidence regarding established and upcoming feminizing treatment for adult transgender women or gender non-binary people seeking feminization. Data on study populations with transgender women are put into a wider context of literature regarding the effects of sex steroid hormones in cisgender study populations. Relevant follow-up and monitoring during feminizing treatment is debated. The review has a special focus on the pharmacotherapy of feminizing hormonal therapy.
Improved flame retardancy and thermal stability of P- and N-containing diphenol epoxy resins from lignin oxidation degraded derivatives
Authors: Zhu Liqing , Ye Jiewang , Lu Weimiao , Zhang Yan , Jin Zhenfu
Published: June 2021

Diphenols with structures similar to bisphenol A (BPA) were designed and synthesized from three kinds of lignin oxidative depolymerized derivatives (LODD) to investigate the substitution possibility of BPA by LODD as raw material. The chemical shift and integral area of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis results showed that phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing diphenols were successfully formed. The cone calorimeter test and thermogravimetric analysis exhibited that the epoxy resin from diphenols were typical intumescent flame retardancy systems. These results showed drastically improved flame retardancy compared with traditional epoxy resin. Among them, the epoxy resin derived from vanillin presented the best flame retardancy properties. Due to a phosphorus-rich carbon layer being formed and accumulated at the surface of the epoxy resins from diphenols, the thermal degradation showed great enhancement of the char residues.
High yield of ethanol production by the strain Fusarium sp. ZW-21 with corncob hydrolysate
Authors: Liang Xiaohui , Si Hongyu , Hua Dongliang , Zhao Yuxiao
Published: June 2021

The filamentous fungus strain Fusarium sp. ZW-21 was used for ethanol production with corncob hydrolysate. The fermentation conditions of ethanol production from corncob hydrolysate by the strain were investigated, and the effect of temperature, pH, nitrogen source, and surfactants on the ethanol production was investigated. The two factors yeast extract and polysorbate 80 were selected for further optimization by response surface methodology. The optimal conditions for ethanol production by the strain Fusarium sp. ZW-21 were 50 g/L sugar of corncob hydrolysate, 10.35 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L KH2PO4, 0.5 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, 0.38 g/L polysorbate 80, pH 6.0, inoculum size of 1 mL/50 mL medium, and incubation temperature of 30 °C. The fermentation period was 5 d under oxygen-limited conditions, and the ethanol yield was 24.2 g/L.
Challenges facing community participation in managing natural resources in Omoku, Nigeria
Authors: Wokekoro Ebiwari , Ozuruoke Precious Nne , Ihuah Paulinus W
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the challenges facing community participation in natural resource management in Omoku Town, Rivers State. The study adopted a survey research design. Three Hundred and Eight Three (383) questionnaires were distributed in the sixteen (16) communities in the study area. The study adopted the purposive sampling techniques in selecting the twenty-four (24) respondents in each community. Three Hundred and Eighteen (318) questionnaires were retrieved from the respondents. The data were analysed with descriptive statistics. The study found that change, complexity, uncertainty and conflict are the factors militating against community participation in managing natural resources in Omoku. The study concluded that community participation in managing natural resources in Omoku is minimal and practiced to some extent by a few well-known institutions and community groups. The study recommends that the effective participation of the community in managing natural resources will ensure the sustainability of natural resources, benefit all stakeholders, improve livelihoods and reduce poverty in the study area.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma, report of a case
Authors: García Laura Bonilla , Beltrán Cristina López , San Martín Aránzazu Maraví , Martínez Paola Trillo
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (CAQ) is a typical tumor of the salivary glands and infrequent in the breast (less than 0.1%). It stands out for being triple negative with a favorable prognosis. Its infrequency and slow progression mean that today there is no consensus regarding its therapeutic management and follow-up. Objective: To provide a new case to learn more about the nature, management and evolution of this type of neoplasm. Material and methods: We analyzed the data collected in our case and compared it with what was published in the literature. Results: a typical triple negative case is presented, with a large size with respect to the breast (T2), so it was decided to perform a simple mastectomy as initial treatment with immediate reconstruction due to the absence of axillary involvement. Subsequently, it was decided not to apply adjuvant treatment since the tumor was not aggressive, the hormone receptors were negative, and the final lesion was less than 5cm with wide margins and no evidence of lymphovascular invasion. Conclusion: To date, breast CAQ continues to present uncertain management and follow-up given that we do not have enough data in the literature to know its evolution correctly, therefore more studies are needed with the intention of being able to standardize treatment and surveillance of this tumor.
The analysis of the condition of colostral immunity of sows after vaccination against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Authors:   The Institute of Veterinary Medicine NAAS, 30 Donetska str., Kyiv, 03151, Ukraine, Aуshpur O. Y. , Mushtuk I. Y. ,   The Institute of Veterinary Medicine NAAS, 30 Donetska str., Kyiv, 03151, Ukraine, Muzykina L. M. ,   The Institute of Veterinary Medicine NAAS, 30 Donetska str., Kyiv, 03151, Ukraine, Tarasov O. A. ,   The Institute of Veterinary Medicine NAAS, 30 Donetska str., Kyiv, 03151, Ukraine, Yermolenko O. M. ,   The Institute of Veterinary Medicine NAAS, 30 Donetska str., Kyiv, 03151, Ukraine, Gumeniuk V. V. ,   The Institute of Veterinary Medicine NAAS, 30 Donetska str., Kyiv, 03151, Ukraine, Derevyanko M. M. ,   The Institute of Veterinary Medicine NAAS, 30 Donetska str., Kyiv, 03151, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of pigs of all age groups, but it is manifested by particularly high mortality of newborn piglets and characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and lack of appetite. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) remains a problem for pig farms in many countries, including Ukraine. Specific prophylaxis PED had proven to be a difficult task and despite many studies, the problem of PED remains unresolved. Since piglets get infected during the first days after birth, their protection can only be provided by colostral antibodies of immuned sows. Therefore, the urgent task of veterinary medicine scientists is to develop effective methods of preventing the disease, which is to use local strains of the pathogen. The article presents the results of studies of colostral immunity of piglets by determining the presence of antibodies against the PED virus in the colostrum of sows who were immunized with a vaccine inactivated against PED from the intestinal virus of artificially infected suckling piglets. Infectious activity of matrix broods of the virus for the production of the preparation was determined by RT-PCR. According to the results of research, material was selected for the manufacture of the vaccine. Subsequently, the drug was monitored according to technological regulations, including the infectious activity of the virus, which ranged from 1.96×10–8 to 3.16×10–9. We conducted a comparative study of the presence of antibodies to the PED virus in the colostrum of sows in the treatment of animals by “back-feeding” and vaccination of sows with inactivated preparation. Samples of colostrum from sows were taken within 1–4 hours after farrowing. The article presents research results that allow us to conclude that both methods of treatment of sows create immunity in newborn piglets. Thus, the presence of antibodies to the PED virus in colostrum in the first hours after birth provide protection against infection and death.
Indicators of immunoreactivity in rats under conditions of different nutrition regimen
Authors:   Chernivtsi national university named by Yurii Fedkovych, Institute of Biology, Chemistry and Bioresources, 2 Kotsyubinskogo str., Chernivtsi, 58002, Ukraine, Voloshchuk O. M. , Luchyk T. V. ,   Chernivtsi national university named by Yurii Fedkovych, Institute of Biology, Chemistry and Bioresources, 2 Kotsyubinskogo str., Chernivtsi, 58002, Ukraine, Kopylchuk G. P. ,   Chernivtsi national university named by Yurii Fedkovych, Institute of Biology, Chemistry and Bioresources, 2 Kotsyubinskogo str., Chernivtsi, 58002, Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The research deals with the integral haematological indices such as markers of immunoreactivity and phagocytic activity of neutrophils in animals kept in conditions of a nutrient imbalance. The animals were divided into four experimental groups: I — animals receiving full-value semi-synthetic ration (control group); II — animals receiving low-protein ration (LPR); III — animals receiving high-sucrose diet (HS); IV — animals receiving low-protein/high-sucrose diet (LPR/HS). It has been found that in animals kept in conditions of nutritional protein deficiency there was a disturbance of the specific immune response, as evidenced by a decrease in the immunoreactivity index and an increase in the index of neutrophils and leukocytes ratio. At the same time, no significant changes in the index of blood leukocytes shift and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were found, indicating the preservation of the non-specific immune response activity. However, in animals of this experimental group compensation of endotoxemia and a decrease in the adaptation index were observed, indicating an inhibition of the adaptive mechanisms. Similar changes in the integral haematological indices were observed in animals kept on a high-sucrose ration. It has been shown that animals consuming a low protein/high-sucrose ration have low immunological reactivity, as evidenced by a 3.4-fold decrease in the immunoreactivity index and a 1.5-fold increase in the blood leukocyte shift index, and disturbances in specific immune response (marker is an increase in the neutrophils and lymphocytes ratio), as well as a significant decrease in the phagocytic index, indicating the ineffectiveness of immune reactions involving neutrophils. At the same time, the intensification of the adaptive mechanisms and a three-fold increase in the reactive neutrophil response index indicates the subcompensation stage of endotoxemia. It is concluded that studied integral haematological parameters can be used as additional early diagnostic markers of impaired immunoreactivity and endotoxemia in animals kept in conditions of different protein and sucrose content in the diet.
Influence of Streptomyces levoris CNMN-Ac-01 on meat productivity and chemical parameters of rabbit meat
Authors:   Scientific and Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Zootechny and Veterinary Medicine, Maximovca, Anenii Noi district, MD 6525, Republic of Moldova, Karaman M. A.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the work was to evaluate the influence of biomass of Streptomyces levoris CNMN-Ac-01 added to fodder on meat productivity and chemical composition of rabbit meat. The experimental and control groups of animals (each one consisting of 5 rabbits) were formed according to analogous principles of age, sex (only females), body weight, mode of maintenance and feeding. The age of rabbits used for the experiment was 45 days. The control rabbits were fed with granulated fodder produced according to the recipe developed in the laboratory of Nutrition and Forage Technologies. The rabbits in experimental group were fed with the same granulated fodder supplemented with 0.1% biomass of Streptomyces levoris CNMN-Ac-01. The results of the chemical analyzes of the used fodder indicated that the elaborated fodder composition provide rabbits with all necessaries for their vital activity, where as added biomass of Streptomyces levoris CNMN-Ac-01 do not significantly affect its chemical composition. The increase of the protein content by 0.20% and water by 1.15% were observed in meat of experimental rabbits where the content of fat was decreased for 0.71% in comparison to those of the experimental group. The supplementing of streptomycete biomass in granulated fodder had an essential effect on the weight gain of rabbits and improves the bone and meat ratio in the carcass.