bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECIAL RULES OF MITIGATION OF PUNISHMENT IN CASE OF THE CONCLUSION OF THE PRE-TRIAL COOPERATION AGREEMENT, AT THE SPECIAL PROCEDURE OF FOR THE TRIAL AND AT THE SHORTENED ORDER OF INQUIRY
Authors: Nepomnyashchaya Tatiana , Tebenkov Alexander
Published: November 2018

The subject. The article analyzes the rules for the appointment of punishment in the case of a pre-trial cooperation agreement, with a special procedure for the trial and with a shortened procedure of conducting inquiry, regulated by art. 62 of the RF Criminal Code “Turning out a Sentence when Mitigating Circumstances Exist”. The authors give an answer to two questions: 1) Does the legal nature of these institutions correspond to the legal nature of mitigating circumstances; 2) Is it advisable to consolidate in a one article of the law different legal regulations.Methodology. Authors use such researching methods as analysis and synthesis, formally legal, comparative legal.Results. Rules for the appointment of punishment in the conclusion of a pre-trial cooperation agreement, stipulated by the pt. 2, 4 of art. 62 of the RF Criminal Code, regulate not the order of accounting for mitigating circumstances, but the legal consequences associated with the promotion of a person, which concluded and executed a pre-trial cooperation agreement, that does not correspond to the legal nature of the pt. 1, 3 of art. 62 of the RF Criminal Code.The legal nature of the rules for the appointment of punishment, established in pt. 5 of art. 62 of the RF Criminal Code, also does not correspond to the legal nature of the rules for the imposition of punishment in the presence of mitigating circumstances, because mitigation of punishment occurs on criminal procedural grounds, which are not mitigating circumstances.

Conclusions. In authors opinion, fastening in art. 62 of the RF Criminal Code of three independent rules for the imposition of punishment, namely, the rules for the imposition of punishment in the presence of mitigating circumstances (pt. 1, 3 of art. 62 of the Criminal Code), at the conclusion of a pre-trial cooperation agreement (pt. 2, 4 of art. 62 of the Crim-inal Code), with a special order of the trial and a shortened procedure for conducting an inquiry (pt. 5 of art. 62 of the Criminal Code) is unreasonable and inexpedient, because these rules have a different legal nature.Formalized limits of mitigation imposed at all parts of art. 62 of the Criminal Code of RF, are not connected with each other.Rules for the imposition of punishment in the conclusion of a pre-trial cooperation agreement, with a special procedure for the trial and a shortened procedure for conducting inquiry have to be deleted from art. 62 of RF Criminal code and have to be consolidated at separate articles of the Criminal Code.
THE LEGAL PROBLEMS OF ESTABLISHING THE ADDITIONAL GUARANTEES OF REALIZATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL HUMAN AND CIVIL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS BY THE CONSTITUENT ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Chuklin Alexander
Published: November 2018

The subject. The article focuses on the need to improve legislative and law enforcement activities related to the consolidation of constituent entities of the Russian Federation additional guarantees of realization of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms.The purpose of the article is to identify main ways of improvement the legal regulation additional guarantees of realization of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.The methodology. The author uses a dialectical method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a formal legal method.The results and scope of application. The lack of unity in understanding the essence of additional guarantees of realization of rights and freedoms requires not only theoretical analysis of this legal category, but a consistent system of the legislation, and corresponding to the system of law enforcement practice. The legal establishment of the additional guarantees of realization of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms, due solely to the will of the legislator of a constituent entitiy of the Russian Federation aimed at the concretization of constitutional rights and freedoms as well as of the security mechanisms (legal conditions, means) of the implementation of these rights. Features of development of the corresponding constituent entitiy of the Russian Federation should be taken into account.One of the main directions of improvement of legal regulation in this field is legislative recognition of additional guarantees of realization of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms established by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. This concept should be reflected in the Federal law of October 6, 1999 No. 184-FZ "On General principles of organization of legislative (representative) and executive bodies of state power of constituent entities of the Russian Federation", as well as in the constitutions (charters) of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The consolidation of this concept in the legislation will be the impetus to the theoretical analysis of this legal category, and will ultimately contribute to the improvement of the legal status of the individual.

Conclusions. Improvement of regional legal policy in the sphere of establishment additional guarantees of realization of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms by subjects of the Russian Federation has great practical significance and contributes to the theoretical knowledge of the specified legal category.
Interested privies as participants of constitutional court proceedings: prospects of using foreign experience in Russian legislation
Authors: Nikitina Anna V.
Published: November 2018

Subject. The article is devoted to analysis of some issues concerning realization of adversary principal in proceedings in the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze foreign experience of legal regulation of the status of constitutional court process participants as parties and/or interested persons in constitutional court proceeding, to give arguments in favor of introducing the category of ‘interested privies’ in Russian legislation regulating constitutional court proceedings.Methodology. The author uses theoretical analysis as well as legal methods including formal legal analysis and the method of legal comparison.Results, scope of application. Law often does not specify the party opposing the claimant during the proceedings in the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The need to introduce the adversary principal in such cases requires to introduce the category of ‘interested privies’, whose rights and duties may be affected during the case solution in the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.The following persons and entities may become interested privies in Constitutional proceedingst: persons whose claims brought against the decision of intergovernmental body for protecting human rights and freedoms - in cases on possibility of executing the decision of intergovernmental body for protecting human rights and freedoms; the State Duma and the Council of Federation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation as bodies participating in ratification of the treaty - in cases on the check of constitutional legitimacy of a treaty about accepting new subject into the Russian Federation; constitutional bodies and public offices whose constitutional legal status may be changed as a result of official interpretation of constitutional rules - in cases on interpreting the Constitution; the RF Central Election Committee - in cases on the check of constitutional legitimacy of an issue introduced for the referendum of the Russian Federation; the President of the Russian Federation (if the request comes from the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation); the State Duma, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, President of the Russian Federation - in cases on providing the ruling about the observance of the established rules public prosecution of the President of the Russian Federation for treason or another serious offence.

Conclusions. The category ‘interested persons’ will enable to provide guarantee of fair trial in resolving constitutional court conflicts, if such category would be included into Russian legislation.
Maintenance of unity and territorial integrity of Russia: some constitutional legal problems
Authors: Ivanov Svyatoslav V.
Published: November 2018

The subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of public authorities’ activities in order to strengthen unity of domestic legal space and the people of Russia with regard to constitutional legal support of the state unity and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation.The purpose of the article is to make a critical analysis of implementing a system that consists of constitutional legal rules and procedures of regulatory impact on the unity of domestic legal space and the people of Russia with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of their implementation.The methodological basis of the study includes general-scientific methods (analysis and syn-thesis, system-structural approach) as well as academic methods (formal-legal method, method of interpretation of legal acts).Results, scope. Consistent constitutional legal support of the state unity and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation requires elimination of defects and gaps in legal regulation and improvement of law enforcement practice. In particular, it is necessary to eliminate the practice of denial of a state registration of political parties on insignificant formal grounds in order to implement guarantees of the unity of the people of Russia.Conclusions. The consistent strengthening of the unity of domestic legal space and the people of the Russian Federation is of paramount importance to the constitutional and legal support of its state unity and territorial integrity. It is necessary to eliminate a number of legal defects and to make law enforcement practice more effective in order to implement these constitutional values.
THE “CRIMINAL LAW OF VICTIM” AS A CRIMINAL LAW MODEL
Authors: Tretyak Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2018

The subject. The article is devoted to analysis of the basic models of criminal law and the impact of victim’s legal status on the criminal legal theory.The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the existence and the importance of “criminal law of victim” as basic model of criminal legal theory.The methodological basis of the research includes general-scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, system-structural approach) as well as academic methods (formal-legal method, method of interpretation of legal texts).Results and scope of application. The definition of the role of the victim, the importance of his legitimate interests in the implementation of criminal liability is complicated by the fact that the basic models of criminal law developed by science – “criminal law of the offender” and “criminal law of the crime” – do not consider the victim as a subject of criminal legal relations.The theoretical models of criminal law are embodied in the criminal law, specific legal rela-tions, law enforcement acts, etc., in connection with which there are specific indicators – the parameters by which it is possible to determine which model of criminal law is implemented.If the question of the criminal legal personality of the victim is controversial, in my opinion, there is no doubt that the victim is a party to the criminal law conflict, which often begins to unfold long before the crime.Conclusions. Recognizing the victim as a subject of criminal legal relations, as well as a par-ticipant in the criminal law conflict, it is possible to talk about the formation of a new model of criminal law – “the criminal law of victim”.
REASONABLE RISK FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY
Authors: Bibik Oleg Nikolaevich
Published: November 2018

The subject. The article is devoted to analysis of criminal legal issues of reasonable risk.The purpose of the article is to prove the necessity of reasonable risk manangement in crim-inal legal purposes.Methodology. The problem of reasonable risk is considered through the theory of rational choice, economic analysis of law, as well as through formal legal analysis.Results, scope of application. The justified risk demonstrates the ineffectiveness of the use of state coercion in view of the social utility of the actions performed, since the benefit from them exceeds the possible adverse consequences. It is stated that art. 41 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is rarely applied by judicial bodies. Reasonable risk is confound by extreme necessity. At the same time, it is not taken into account that the risk is not accompanied by the inevitable infliction of consequences, whereas if extreme necessity they come necessarily. It is proposed to introduce a system of management of reasonable risk, including through stand-ardization, development of rules of conduct in terms of possible risk, calculation of the risk fac-tor. The risk of consequences is a key factor in determining guilt. The greater the likelihood of socially dangerous consequences anticipated by a person, the greater the corresponding risk, the greater the degree of guilt of the subject. For example, with regard to direct intent, the risk factor may be 95-100%, with respect to indirect intent – 50-95%, with respect to recklessness – 1-49% (with frivolity, a person, although predicting the possibility of occurrence of events, but presupposes that they will not come; therefore, he estimates the probability of less than 50/50), with respect to negligence – 0.1-1%. If the risk of the event is less than 0.1 % or the average value reflecting its random nature, it can be concluded that there is a case.Conclusions. In case of a high probability of occurrence of consequences, the obvious risk is unreasonable and there are signs of intentional infliction. It is important to manage risks in terms of encouraging people to take risks if the criminal law imposes too high a risk level, a person abandons socially useful activities, which can lead to more serious adverse conse-quences. Stimulation of reasonable risk in criminal law is possible, inter alia, by means of pre-suppositions, in the performance of which the justified nature of risky actions is assumed.
THE PROBLEM OF MANDATORY REPLACEMENT OF PUNISHMENT TO MORE SEVERE ONE
Authors: Stepashin Vitaly Mikhailovich
Published: November 2018

The subject. The article deals with the problem of mandatory replacement of punishment, not related to imprisonment, with more stringent measures of state coercion due to mali-cious evasion from serving the applicable penalties.The purpose of the article is to identify the criteria for replacement of punishments to more severe one, including multi-stage replacement.Methodology. The author uses the method of analysis and synthesis, as well as formal legal method and dialectic approach.Results. The most vivid embodiment of the principle of the economy of repression is the provision of the courts the possibility of using alternative types of punishment that are al-ternative to deprivation of liberty (from fine to forced labor). Obviously, the economy of repression should be conditional.The economy of repression always involves a certain risk, which is, first of all, a threat to evade the convict who is serving the least repressive measure of influence. Consequently, the application of the most lenient repressive measure of state coercion must be compen-sated by the mechanism for ensuring its implementation.In the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the legislator uses different formulations that exclude a uniform solution to the question of a multi-step replacement of punishments.It requires a change in the provisions of federal laws that are not related to criminal law, as well as by-laws that transfer the replacement of punishment in the form of a fine and man-datory works with a more severe punishment from imperative to dispositive - contrary to the direct requirements of the criminal law.Conclusions. The legislative decision on the obligation of replacement should be clear and uniform. The current approach of the legislator is not justified, since the reality of replace-ment in determining the malicious evasion of the convicted person from serving the pun-ishment assigned to him should be the same regardless of the type of punishment served and should not become an automatic substitute, otherwise the court is deprived of the op-portunity to fully and comprehensively investigate the issue of the expediency of such a replacement in terms of the reasons for committing this violation of the regime and the achievement of the objectives of criminal punishment. Evasion of the convicted person from the sentenced punishment should always lead to neg-ative consequences for him, however, the institution of substitution of punishment for stricter ones does not meet this requirement.
THE OBSTRUCTION OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE AND PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION: PROBLEMS OF THE OBJECT AND THE OBJECTIVE SIDE
Authors: Boyarskaya Alexandra Vladimirovna
Published: November 2018

The subject. The article is devoted to the investigation of the main direct object and the circle of victims are subjected of harm by criminal acts stipulated by pts. 1, 2 of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.The purpose of the paper is to identify does the art. 294 of Criminal Code of the Russian Federation meets the other provisions of criminal procedure legislation.The methodology of research includes methods of complex analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-logical, comparative legal and formal-legal methods.Results and scope of application. The content of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not comply with the provisions of the criminal procedure law. The discrep-ancy lies in terms of the range of participants in criminal proceedings and the functions performed by them, as well as the actual content and correlation of such stages of criminal proceedings as the initiation of criminal proceedings and preliminary investigation. In addi-tion, the current state of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not take into account the ever-widening differentiation of criminal proceedings.The circle of victims listed in pt. 2 of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should be supplemented by such participants in the criminal process as a criminal investi-gator, the head of the investigative body, the head of the inquiry department, the head of the body of inquiry. At the same time, the author supports the position that the criminal-legal protection of the said persons should cover not only their activities at the stage of preliminary investigation, but also of the entire pre-trial proceedings as a whole.The circle of criminal acts provided for in art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Fed-eration, should also be specified with an indication of encroachment in the form of kidnapping, destruction or damage to such a crime as materials of criminal, civil and other cases, as well as material evidence.

Conclusions. The content of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not comply with the provisions of the criminal procedure law. The author formulates the conclusion that the circle of victims listed in pt. 2 of art. 294 of the Criminal Code should be broadened and joins the position that the criminal-legal protection of these persons should cover not only their activities at the stage of preliminary investigation, but also of the entire pre-trial proceedings as a whole.
BASIC QUESTIONING WITH PICTURE IN WRITING CLASS: IS IT EFFECTIVE?
Authors: Rachmawati Villia , Maghfiroh Ana , Mufanti Restu
Published: November 2018

This research was carried out to measure whether using basic questioning with picture is effective in teaching writing. The research design used in this reasearch was experimental research which consisted of two groups, experimental and control group. The sample of this research were X IPA1 as the experimental group which consisted of 32 students and X IPA2 as the control group which consisted of 30 students. The experimental group was taught by using basic questioning with picture while the control group was not taught by using basic questioning with picture, it was taught as usual or lecturing only. The instrument used to collect data was test. The test was writing test which was given in pre test and post test both two groups. The assessment of the result of writing test was focused on the five elements of writing (content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanic). The technique to analyze the data used t-test formula.Two groups were compared. The result of statistical hypothesis on significance α=0.05 showed ttest (2.91) was higher than ttable (2.00). It means that, there was significant difference between the students who were taught by using basic questioning with picture and the students who were not taught by using basic questioning with picture in teaching writing. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that the use of basic questioning with picture is effective in teaching writing of the tenth year students of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo in Academic Year 2016/2017.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT ANXIETY AND STUDENT SPEAKING SKILL AT ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF PONOROGO
Authors: Susanto Heri , Palupi Risqi Ekanti Ayuningtyas , Mustikawati Dyah Atiek
Published: November 2018

Anxiety is one of the individual characteristics of the people. Anxiety is described as an uncontrollable state that can make the language learning situation problematic and stressful. Then, English speaking skill is very important for people interaction where people almost speak everywhere and every day through English. Speaking is one way to communicate ideas and thought a feeling and expression orally. The researcher is curious about its connection. That is why the researcher would like to find the corellation between student’s anxiety and student’s speaking skill especially for students of English education Department of Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo. The subject of this research is the students of English Education Departmen of Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo from semester II until VI with number of 52 Students. The researcher took all of the students as the sample of this research because the population is less than 100 people. The research was started on 5th June, 2017 until 19th June, 2017. The research used two instruments in collecting data, they were; speaking anxiety questionnaire and student achievement. Besides that, the researcher used the quantitative technique to analyze the data. Based on the result of this research, the score showed that there is significant correlation between variable X as the student anxiety and variable Y as the student speaking skill. It means that if the anxiety level of the student is high, the speaking of the students also low. Where the student feel worry, nervous, self-doubt, and unconfident when the student try to speaking with English in front of their friends, partner or in front of class. While, if the anxiety level of the studenr is low, the speaking of the student is high or good. Where the student when try to speak with English, they show the optimistic aptitude, good confident and feel enjoyful. Finally, the researcher gives suggestion that the students who want to increase their speaking skill, need to hold down their anxiety feelings with always practice and practice their speaking. Last, the researcher hopes that the result of this study will be useful for the next researcher.
O VALOR DA TARIFA DE TRANSPORTE NÃO CORRESPONDE A PERCEPÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DOS USUÁRIOS DA LINHA ESTAÇÃO ITAQUERA
Authors: Cruz Jeniffer Da Silva , Taketa Ana Fernanda Dos Santos , Tanaka Wilson Yoshio , Machado Sivanilza Teixeira
Published: November 2018

O processo de urbanização e expansão demográfica de determinadas areas ao longo dos anos trouxe a necessidade de evolução dos sistemas de transportes utilizados nos grandes centros, esse processo de evolução foi determinante para o que se conhece hoje como transporte coletivo urbano. Um dos fatores mais evidenciados para a melhoria do transporte coletivo é a mobilidade urbana, crucial para a melhora do fluxo de pessoas, além disso pode-se destacar os fatores ligados a qualidade em serviço, que é abordado no presente trabalho baseado na percepção do usuário da linha Estação-Itaquera – Terminal Parque Dom Pedro II, apontada como a linha com maior conectividade na área 3 da cidade de São Paulo. O presente estudo buscou traçar o perfil dos usuários da linha e sua percepção da qualidade do serviço prestado fundamentado nos parâmetros de Ferras e Torres. Portanto pode-se concluir que a linha foi analisada de uma maneira geral com resultados positivos para os critérios conectividade do sistema, confiabilidade, veículos, informações, entre outros,  entretanto os critérios de qualidade e preços dos alimentos nos terminais, a lotação, estado das vias e o valor da tarifa foram apontados pelos usuários como pontos a melhorar e exigência de maior dedicação por parte da administração pública.
Evaluation of the thermal antinociceptive effects and pharmacokinetics after intramuscular administration of buprenorphine hydrochloride to cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)
Authors: Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon , Houck Emma L. , Knych Heather K. DiMaio , Beaufrère Hugues , Paul-Murphy Joanne R.
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVE To evaluate thermal antinociceptive effects and pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine hydrochloride after IM administration to cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus).

ANIMALS 16 adult (≥ 2 years old) cockatiels (8 males and 8 females).

PROCEDURES Buprenorphine hydrochloride (0.3 mg/mL) at each of 3 doses (0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mg/kg) and saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control treatment) were administered IM to birds in a randomized within-subject complete crossover study. Foot withdrawal response to a thermal stimulus was determined before (baseline) and 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours after treatment administration. Agitation-sedation scores were also determined. For the pharmacokinetic analysis, buprenorphine (0.6 mg/kg) was administered IM to 12 of the birds, and blood samples were collected at 9 time points ranging from 5 minutes to 9 hours after drug administration. Samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with commercial software.

RESULTS Buprenorphine at 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mg/kg did not significantly change the thermal foot withdrawal response, compared with the response for the control treatment. No significant change in agitation-sedation scores was detected between all doses of buprenorphine and the control treatment. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were > 1 ng/mL in all 4 birds evaluated at 9 hours.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Buprenorphine at the doses evaluated did not significantly change the thermal nociceptive threshold for cockatiels or cause sedative or agitative effects. Additional studies with other pain assessments and drug doses are needed to evaluate the analgesic and adverse effects of buprenorphine in cockatiels and other avian species.
Influence of injection protocol and measurement technique on computed tomographic assessment of glomerular filtration rate in healthy Beagles
Authors: Wallimann Michael , Richter Henning , Sieber-Ruckstuhl Nadja S. , Blaser Alexandra , Gent Thomas C. , Krämer Stefanie D. , Santner Guido , Kircher Patrick R. , Dennler Matthias
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVE To compare values of CT-derived glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determined by 3 contrast-medium injection protocols and 4 measurement techniques in healthy Beagles.

ANIMALS 9 healthy Beagles (mean ± SD weight, 13.2 ± 1.6 kg).

PROCEDURES Each dog underwent 3 iohexol-injection protocols (700 mg of iodine/kg administered at a constant rate over 20 seconds, 700 mg of iodine/kg administered following an exponentially decelerated injection over 20 seconds, and 350 mg of iodine/kg at a constant rate over 10 seconds) during dynamic, whole renal-volume CT in randomized order with an interval of ≥ 7 days between experiments. Values of GFR determined from Patlak plots derived by use of 4 measurement techniques (standard transverse section, optimized transverse section, dorsal reconstruction, and volume calculation techniques) were compared.

RESULTS The measurement technique influenced the mean ± SD GFR results (standard transverse section technique, 2.49 ± 0.54 mL/kg/min; optimized transverse section technique, 2.72 ± 0.52 mL/kg/min; dorsal reconstruction technique, 3.00 ± 0.60 mL/kg/min, and volume calculation technique, 2.48 ± 0.51 mL/kg/min). The lower iodine dose resulted in a significantly higher GFR value (3.00 ± 0.65 mL/kg/min), compared with that achieved with either higher dose administration (constant rate injection, 2.54 ± 0.45 mL/kg/min and exponentially decelerated injection, 2.47 ± 0.48 mL/kg/min).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In healthy Beagles, the CT-derived GFR measurements obtained after injection of a full dose of contrast medium were reduced, compared with measurements obtained after injection of a half dose. This finding is important with regard to potential nephrotoxicosis in dogs with impaired renal function and for GFR measurement with CT-contrast medium protocols.
From the Art de Dictier to the Poetic Art: The Lyrical Voice
Authors: Noble-Kooijman Jacques-Kees
Published: November 2018

Eustache Deschamps writes in 1392 his Art de Dictier, an art of writing (ars dictandi) and, according to its added title, an art of “making songs, balads, virelais and rondeaux.” He introduces it, therefore, as a versification treatise that is exemplary for his generation of nonmusician poets, unlike Machaut, his most probable initiator into metrics. In so doing he introduces the concept of natural music, a genre proper to inspire poets for whom lyrical musicality is entirely produced by poetic language alone. Without perceiving, perhaps, the novelty of this poetic aesthetics, he thus opens the avenue for a new poetry, freed from Rhetorics and from added music, more precisely for a poetic art.
Guidelines for Improved Effectiveness of Airborne Training of Military Aviator Cadets
Authors: Neshev Ivaylo
Published: November 2018

The paper treats issues relating to the specialized training of officer cadets, particularly future military pilots’ airborne training. Having taken into account the new tendencies, the guidelines for conducting airborne training are set forth with view of ensuring their safety during parachute jumps, and subsequently, during flights.
Die Ikonographie Palästinas/Israels und der Alte Orient. Eine Religionsgeschichte in Bildern - Die Eisenzeit bis zum Beginn der achämenidischen Herrschaft
Authors: Schroer Silvia
Published: November 2018

Die Ikonographie Palästinas/Israels und der Alte Orient (IPIAO) ist ein bildgeschichtliches Kompendium zur Religionsgeschichte Palästinas/Israels. Der vorliegende vierte und damit letzte Band der Reihe behandelt die Eisenzeit bis zum Beginn der Achämenidenherrschaft. Annähernd tausend Objekte der Bildkunst Palästinas/Israels werden den vollständigen Bildern der Nachbarkulturen gegenübergestellt und zur Rekonstruktion des zugrundeliegenden religiösen Symbolsystems beigezogen. Nie zuvor wurde die Bildkunst Palästinas/Israels seit ihren Anfängen und in Bezug auf den Alten Orient in ähnlicher Weise präsentiert. Einleitungen zur Kulturgeschichte, zu Themen der Bildkunst und biblischen Bezügen ergänzen den Band.
Genişletilmiş modüler grubun H ̅_3,3 alt grubu ve Fibonacci sayıları
Authors: BİROL Furkan , KORUOĞLU Özden , DEMİR Bilal
Published: November 2018

Bu çalışmada tam katsayılı otomorfizma ve anti-otomorfizmaların grubu olan genişletilmiş modüler grubun H ̅_3,3 alt grubunun elemanları ve Fibonacci sayıları arasındaki ilişki incelenecektir. H ̅_3,3   grubu, altı  mertebeli iki dihedral grubun iki mertebeli devirli grup altında, birleştirilmiş serbest çarpımıdır. Başka bir ifadeyle bu grup üç mertebeli X(z)=(-1)⁄((z-1) ), Y(z)=(-1)⁄((z+1) ) şeklinde iki eleman ve iki mertebeli R(z)=1⁄z ̅   bir yansıma dönüşümü tarafından üretilir. Böylece grubun herbir elemanı X, Y ve R nin kuvvetlerinin bir kombinasyonu olarak yazılabilir. Burada bu kombinasyonun içinde katsayıları Fibonacci sayıları olan bloklar elde edilecektir.
Petroleum geomechanics modelling in the Eastern Mediterranean basin: analysis and application of fault stress mechanics
Authors: Markou Nikolaos , Papanastasiou Panos
Published: November 2018

A fault stress analysis of a typical gas field in the Eastern Mediterranean is presented. The objective of this study is to provide estimates of thein situstresses and pore pressure for populating a regional Mechanical Earth Model and to characterize the stability of faults under current and changing reservoir conditions. The fault stability analysis is based on the Mohr-Coulomb frictional faulting theory. The verticalin situstress is estimated using seismic and density data and the bounds of the horizontal stresses were determined for different fault regimes. The pore pressure for determining the effectivein situstresses is estimated using the Bowers pore pressure prediction method. Fault stress analysis is performed in a series of calculations and the results are plotted on Mohr diagrams for shear failure. The fault stress analysis is performed on a wide range of alternative azimuth orientations forSHmaxin order to capture the uncertainty on the actual orientation. Sensitivity with respect to reservoir pore pressure change suggests that pressure reduction in the reservoir improves the fault stress stability, ignoring in the current analysis any stress arching effects. Pore pressure increase decreases the normal stress on the fault leading to increasing risk of shear failure of the critically stressed faults. The case study examines eight faults on the Aphrodite gas field with the objective to characterize if the faults are active or remain dormant under current stress conditions and how the stability may change in reservoir injection or depletion conditions.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA MENGGUNAKAN KARTU
Authors: Dony Novrian , Nuriah Nuriah , Jurniah Jurniah , Karina Karina
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Pendidikan memberikan peran yang sangat penting bagi manusia secara pribadi sampai ke kemajuan negara. Untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan telah dilakukan dilakukan bermacam-macam upaya dalam proses pembelajaran. Hal yang menarik perhatian adalah penggunaan media pembelajaran menggunakan kartu. Sejauh ini media kartu telah memberikan peran positif sebagai media pembelajaran. Pada ar
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Mata Kuliah Cross Cultural Understanding (CCU) Berbasis Media Sosial di Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar
Authors: Saifudin Ahmad
Published: November 2018

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar mata kuliah Cross Cultural Understanding Prodi Bahasa Inggris Semester IV dan untuk mengetahui efektifitas buku yang telah dibuat terhadap aktivitas dan hasil belajar dengan metode Design Research. Model Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan yang dsebut dengan Penelitian Pengembangan Model Plomp. Prosedur penelitian ini berupa Preliminary Research, Development or Prototyping Phase dan Assesment Phase. Pelaksanaan tindakan dilaksanakan pada tahun 2017-2018 yang meliputi; survey lokasi, pengambilan data, pengumpulan data, menganalis data, penyusunan laporan, dan seminar hasil produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penggunaan buku ajar mata kuliah Cross Cultural Understanding  berbasis media sosial lebih menarik dan diterima mahasiswa sehingga  dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar mahasiswa bahasa Inggris Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Semester IV.
Acta Aquatica: Terbitan Perdana Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan
Authors: Khalil Munawar
Published: November 2018

Terimakasih atas bantuan dan dukungan dari segala pihak sehingga kami dengan berbangga hati dapat menerbitkan edisi perdana dari jurnal Acta Aquatica ini. Jurnal ini merupakan salah satu jurnal saintifik yang berfokus pada bidang ilmu perairan yang diterbitkan secara berkala oleh Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Malikussaleh. Acta aquatica mempublikasikan hasil penelitian, ikhtisar dan penelaahan yang berhubungan dengan sistem lingkungan perairan (lahan basah, perairan tawar dan perairan laut) dan kawasan pembatas sistem lingkungan tersebut serta dampak aktivitas manusia terhadap sistem lingkungan. Acta Aquatica memiliki cakupan studi dalam bidang bioekologi sumberdaya perairan, hidrologi, biodiversitas biosfer perairan, oceanologi, rekayasa teknologi eksploitasi dan eksplorasi sumberdaya perairan, mikrobiologi akuatik, pemodelan akuatik, sistem informasi geografi akuatik, dan sosial ekonomi sumberdaya perairan. Acta Aquatica bertujuan untuk mempublikasikan jurnal saintifik yang berkualitas tinggi untuk peneliti, pegiat, akademisi dan kepada seluruh khalayak yang berminat tentang ilmu perairan. Kami berusaha sekuat tenaga untuk menjaga publikasi ilmiah ini agar dapat terbit secara berkala dan dengan cakupan distribusi nasional bahkan internasional. Penyempurnaan-penyempurnaan tentu saja akan terus kami lakukan agar jurnal ini menjadi salah satu jurnal terbaik dalam lingkupnya. Kami juga akan terus berusaha untuk melakukan perbaikan dalam hal konektifitas jurnal ini dengan media internet sehingga para penulis dan pembaca jurnal ini dapat secara leluasa berinteraksi dengan tulisan atau ulasan yang termuat dalam jurnal. Tentu saja ini semua memerlukan waktu dan sumberdaya yang luar biasa besarnya, namun sebuah cita-cita pasti akan terlaksana karena kemauan keras dan kerjasama yang kuat. Tulisan ilmiah yang berkualitas tinggi dari berbagai sumber selalu kami undang serta nantikan untuk dapat direview kelayakannya sehingga dapat dimuat ke dalam jurnal ilmiah ini. Akhirnya Editor, Reviewer dan Mitra Bebestari mengucapkan terima kasih setinggi-tingginya atas saran, masukan, komentar dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Keterlibatan anda sangat berguna untuk menjadikan Acta Aquatica ini menjadi salah satu jurnal terbaik dalam bidang sains akuatik. Kami selalu menanti anda untuk berpartisipasi dalam pengembangan jurnal ini. Terima kasih!!!!
Noticias telúricas: el “temblor grande” de 1822 a través de la prensa chilena y extranjera
Authors: Gorigoitía Abbott Nicolás , Palacios Roa Alfredo
Published: November 2018

Pestes, inundaciones, sequías y terremotos; estos y otros fenómenos, provocados por los riesgos naturales, han acompañado la formación y los distintos procesos históricos de Chile como reino y nación. Aquella tierra “mal infamada” de la que hablaban los primeros conquistadores y cronistas siempre estuvo ligada en alguna dimensión con lo catastrófico, como un devenir infausto que, en palabras de Rolando Mellafe, generó un carácter telúrico en su población. A inicios del siglo XIX, la formación de la república y el Estado independiente también convivieron con eventos naturales, cuyas consecuencias fueron determinadas por el contexto que se vivía en la época, siendo el terremoto del 19 de noviembre de 1822 uno de los másparadigmáticos, tanto por sus efectos como por la compleja trama de la cual terminó siendo parte.
Los efectos de 1968 sobre la historiografía occidental
Authors: Aguirre Rojas Carlos Antonio
Published: November 2018

Cincuenta años después de ese gran “acontecimiento-ruptura” que ha sido el simbólico año de 1968, resulta mucho más fácil tratar de medir y de comprender adecuadamente su verdadera y profunda significación. Porque con la distancia de estas cinco décadas transcurridas, es ahora más claro que 1968 es solamente el punto de concentración, y el reflejo más evidente y espectacular, de un momento más amplio de profundos cambios revolucionarios, que recorren prácticamente todo el planeta y que abarcan lo mismo a la gran Revolución Cultural china desatada en 1966 que al otoño caliente italiano de 1969, pasando obviamente por el célebre mayo francés, la primavera de Praga checoslovaca, la trágica masacre de los estudiantes y de la población mexicana en octubre de 1968, el breve ensayo de insurrección del “Cordobazo” argentino o los distintos movimientos de ocupación de instalaciones en Nueva York o Berkeley en los Estados Unidos, entre tantos y tantos otros.
Estudio descriptivo sobre Cáncer Colorrectal en Cova da Beira Portugal y el valor pronóstico de BCL2 en asociación con la localización del tumor, Estadificación TNM, y tipo histológico
Authors: Fernandes Moura Pedro , Zapata Martinez Juan Felipe , Muñoz Moreno Javier
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: realizar un estudio descriptivo sobre Cáncer Colorrectal en Cova da Beira Portugal y el valor pronóstico de BCL2 en asociación con la localización del tumor, Estadificación TNM, y tipo histológico. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio en 29 pacientes que tuvieron cirugía curativa para la escisión de Cáncer Colon Rectal (CCR) en Centro Hospitalario Cova da Beira con el objetivo de verificar si la presencia de la oncoproteína BCL2 en células neoplásicas es un factor predictivo del pronóstico, verificando también si es predictivo de la estadificación TNM, localización y diferenciación celular en el Cáncer Colon Rectal. Resultados: los hallazgos de este estudio coinciden con lo reportado en la literatura, se encontró que la incidencia del CCR es mayor en hombres que en mujeres, el riesgo de la enfermedad aumenta con la edad y la localización más frecuente de lesión neoplásica es en la porción izquierda del colon, con un total de 26 casos (89,65%). Además, se encontró asociación estadística de la expresión de BCL2 con el pronóstico y con la diferenciación histológica. Conclusión: a pesar de las limitaciones de este estudio, los datos hallados guardan relación con lo reportado en la literatura y establecen una asociación estadística de la expresión de BCL2 con el pronóstico y con la diferenciación histológica.
Di un amico avverso
Authors: Oliva Gianni
Published: November 2018

D’Annunzio and De Lollis (both born in 1863 and in the same region) present, in their cultural journey, moments of contact and collaboration, especially in the early years, and contrasts and oppositions, mainly due to different artistic choices and general attitude that led De Lollis to strongly criticise the Poet. From the initial common collaborations with Roman newspapers, we arrive at the moment in which De Lollis moves against d’Annunzio’s art, which was no longer based on solid ethical principles as in the Carduccian lesson but was seen as a superficial and soul-less art, in the triumph of rhetoric. The decisive difference was revealed at the time Italy entered the war, when De Lollis openly criticised d'Annunzio’s position as soon as he returned from France.
«Figlio di una turbina e di d’Annunzio»: Marinetti edipico?
Authors: Bragato Stefano
Published: November 2018

From the 1900s to the 1930s Marinetti’s attitude towards d’Annunzio gradually changed from blame to unconditional praise. The steps of this evolution and the reasons behind it emerge from an analysis of a number of Marinetti’s texts dealing with d’Annunzio’s life and works. In his early French writings (1903-1908) Marinetti had mixed feelings about d’Annunzio, whereas in his first Futurist manifestoes (1909-1915) he despised d’Annunzio as a prominent symbol of passatismo. This hostile attitude changed with the Great War and with the seize of Fiume, as after these events Marinetti increasingly represented d’Annunzio as a Futurist man and writer. He traced heavy Futurist influences in the Notturno (1922), and in a number of later writings (1937-1938) made frequent references to d’Annunzio’s undoubtedly Futurist fibre. Through these declarations Marinetti aimed at seizing d’Annunzio’s literary legacy, thus elevating the contemporary Futurist poets as his legitimate successors.
D’Annunzio, nome comune
Note sulla critica saviniana agli estetismi
Authors: Piga Gavino
Published: November 2018

D’Annunzio is often mentioned, in Savinio’s works, as a typical representative of a cultural trend rather than as an author in his own right. This is due to the fact that, according to Savinio, the aesthetistic poetry is incapable of an authentic artistic creation, because it finds its place naturally in the field of imitation. Therefore, d’Annunzio’s works are the results of an anonymous and regressive experience, which is the perfect antithesis of Savinio’s idea about art. But this subject is structurally connected with a global and very original view of the world that Savinio develops especially during and after the World War 2. This work investigates the complex ties between the Savinio’s ‘antidannunzianismo’ and the development of his global elaboration.
TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYETE DAİR DEĞİŞİMLERİN REKLAMLARA YANSIMASI: KADINLARA YÖNELİK REKLAMLARA GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: ÜGÜMÜ AKTAŞ Pelin
Published: November 2018

Reklamlar,
içinde üretildikleri toplumun kültürel ve sosyal yapısıyla karşılıklı bir
etkileşim içindedirler. Toplumsal değerler ve kabuller, reklamlarda kendilerine
yer bulmakta, yeniden üretilmekte ve pekiştirilmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak
toplumsal cinsiyet kodları da hem reklam içeriklerini etkileyip hem de bu
içeriklerden beslenmekte ve önemli bir tartışma konusu olarak karşımıza
çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, toplumdaki cinsiyet rolleriyle ilgili kabuller
değiştikçe, bunun reklamlara yansıması da kaçınılmazdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı,
son yıllarda toplumda değişen toplumsal cinsiyet anlayışının ve kadın imajının,
kadınlara yönelik reklamlara nasıl yansıdığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla,
hedef kitlesi kadınlar olan ve amaçsal örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen kozmetik
markalarına ait reklam filmleri göstergebilimsel analize tabi tutulmuştur.
Araştırma sonucunda, toplumda kadına atfedilen özellik ve değerlerin
değişiminin reklam mesajlarına da yansıdığı görülmüştür. Farklı araştırmalarla
reklamlarda bu zamana dek genel olarak ‘geleneksel kadın, anne, eş, cinsel
obje’ gibi rollerde sunulduğu saptanan kadınlara dair imajın, toplumsal
değişimlere paralel olarak ‘güçlü ve özgür kadın’ imajına dönüştüğü ve bu imaja
dair mesajların reklamlarda ‘değişim’ vurgusuyla verildiği saptanmıştır.
Kadınların toplumsal kalıpları kırma gücüne sahip oldukları mesajı ise,
incelenen reklamların temel vurgusu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
À la recherche des caractéristiques chinoises
Authors: Hillers-Chen Annette
Published: November 2018

Psychothérapie; caractéristiques chinoises; mise en culture; République populaire de Chine
Towards a neurobiologically plausible model of language-related, negative event-related potentials
Authors: Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Ina , Schlesewsky Matthias
Published: November 2018

Language-related event-related potential (ERP) components such as the N400 have traditionally been associated with linguistic or cognitive functional interpretations. By contrast, it has been considerably more difficult to relate these components to neurobiologically grounded accounts of language. Here, we propose a theoretical framework based on a predictive coding architecture, within which negative language-related ERP components such as the N400 can be accounted for in a neurobiologically plausible manner. Specifically, we posit that the amplitude of negative language-related ERP components reflects precision-weighted prediction error signals, i.e. prediction errors weighted by the relevance of the information source leading to the error. From this perspective, precision has a direct link to cue validity in a particular language and, thereby, to relevance of individual linguistic features for internal model updating. We view components such as the N400 and LAN as members of a family with similar functional characteristics and suggest that latency and topography differences between these components reflect the locus of prediction errors and model updating within a hierarchically organised cortical predictive coding architecture. This account has the potential to unify findings from the full range of the N400 literature, including word-level, sentence- and discourse-level results as well as cross-linguistic differences.