bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of freezing temperature on semen quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors:   Escuela de Post Grado en Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Perú, Manrique Quispe Yan , Bustamante Quispe Carlos , Rodríguez Huanca Francisco , Ruelas Calloapaza Domingo , Perez Guerra Uri , Araníbar Araníbar Marcelino , Pérez Durand Manuel
Published: January 2022

Trout production in Peru has export potential. However, there are no fry available to maintain production throughout the year and there is also a lack of egg production at certain times of the year. Therefore, the alternative is to cryopreserve semen for the non-reproductive season. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of freezing temperature on the quality of rainbow trout semen. The semen of 12 reproductive males was collected in the facilities of the Chucuito Research and Production Center of the National University of the Altiplano of Puno, which underwent a macroscopic, microscopic pre and post thaw seminal evaluation and the fertility rate was measured. Due to the effect of three freezing temperatures (-80 °C, -100 °C, -120 °C), cryopreservation had a decline curve of -20 °C / min. The fresh seminal parameters were similar to those reported by other researchers. While freezing had unfavorable effects on semen quality, the best results for activation time (51.33 sec) and vitality (35.33%) were obtained with -100 °C, but the higher motility was obtained with -120 °C (36.33%). Regarding fertility, the higher rate was obtained with -100 °C (70.97%), followed by -80 °C and -120 °C in which 68.86% and 64.34% were obtained, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggest that the tolerable freezing temperature of rainbow trout semen is around -100 °C, which is shown as a favorable alternative for the reproductive management of rainbow trout under natural hypobaric conditions of the Peruvian highlands
Spectral outputs of Yb3+/Pr3+ doped Tellurite glasses for solid-state lighting
Authors: ERDEM Murat , DOĞAN Anıl
Published: January 2022

Downconversion processes which include visible and near-infrared luminescence at high energy excitation have been investigated in Yb3+/Pr3+ doped TeO2-ZnO-BaO glasses. The decrease of the DC emission intensities of Pr3+ ions with increasing mole % amount of Pr3+ ions is attributed to the concentration quenching. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the perceived emission of Pr3+ ions shifted from orange to the red region depending on the increase in the pump power. Consequently, Yb3+/Pr3+ doped TeO2-ZnO-BaO glasses could be used as functional optical materials for solid-state lighting applications.
Improving the nutritional status of malnourished children using soybean products in Rwanda
Authors:   Rwanda Agriculture Board, Niyibituronsa M , Kyallo F ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya, Mugo C ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya, Gaidashova S ,   Rwanda Agriculture Board
Published: January 2022

The prevalence of malnutrition is high in Rwanda especially in Ruhango District of Southern Province (23.5% in 2009). The contribution of soybean ( Glycine max L) , which is an important source of high quality and inexpensive protein and oil, to improvement of nutritional status of malnourished children is unclear. Although a lot of research has been done on the production of soybean in Rwanda, research on soybean in the diet to improve the nutritional status of malnourished children has not been done. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soybean flour and soybean milk on the nutritional status of malnourished children under the age of five. The objective was to determine the weight gain due to each treatment in comparison with the control group. This study was conducted in Ruhango District of Southern Province Rwanda. A survey was conducted where households growing and utilizing soybean were identified and anthropometric measurements were ta ken on 294 children to select malnourished children. Thirty malnourished children participate in the intervention which lasted three months. One cup (250ml) of soybean milk was supplemented to ten children per day. An equal number was supplemented with 25g of soybean flour in soup (250ml). The caregivers of the ten children in the control group received nutrition education together with the two treatment groups. Anthropometric measurements were taken every month and entered in WHO ANTHRO software. Data was analyzed by regression models using G enStat 14th edition and the magnitude of weight gain due to each of the treatments was predicted at 5% level of significance. A linear mixed model was used to estimate and compare weight gain among children fed on soybean milk and soybean flour supplement in comparison with the control group. Soybean products were found to affect weight gain of children (P = 0.04). The mean weight gain was 0.9 (±0.5 ) kg within three months of intervention. The difference in weight gain between t he two treatment groups was not significant. To improve the nutritional status o f malnourished children under five years further intervention is needed in terms of education and training on soybean based diet formulation.
Assay of frequency and spectrum of genetic variants in TTN in healthy russian population
Authors: Vakhrushev Yu. A. , Kozyreva A. A. , Zhuk S. V. , Rotar O. P. , Kostareva A. A.
Published: January 2022

Background. Gene TTN associated with all types of cardiomyopathy, however its large size (294 b.p.) warrants a lot of individual unique genetic variants or variants with low frequency, that aggravates their interpretation. Besides that nowadays there is no data about spectrum of variants in this gene in healthy Russian population. Recognition frequency and spectrum of variants in gene TTN in healthy Russian population will allow us to use it for interpretation results of molecular genetic research for patients with different heart pathology, and define prognosis for different heart diseases.

Objective. Recognize frequency and spectrum of single nucleotide and truncating variants in gene TTN in healthy Russian population and compare it with international data bases, and evaluate level of pathogenicity these variants and their distributing across titin structure.

Design and methods. 192 men in age 55,8±6,6 years were tested with next-generation sequencing. Identified genetic variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results. Allele missense variant frequency (with frequency less than 0.1%) in TTN in healthy Russian population amount to 15.1 %, and truncating variants — 0.52 %. 37,9 % of them were variants of unknown significance, 62 % — likely-benign and 0.1 % — benign. There was no pathological and likely-pathological variants. Identified genetic variants distributed throughout the titin structure.

Conclusion. Received result is congruent с international data bases and researches. Expended laboratory method (Next generation sequencing and confirmation with Sanger sequencing) can be used both in clinical practice, and in creating data bases of genetic variants in healthy Russian population.
Methodology of asystolic donor heart’s condition study in an experiment using small laboratory animals
Authors: Poleschenko Ya. I. , Protsak E. S. , Druzhininsky D. A. , Galagoudza M. M. , Minasian S. M. , Borshchev Yu. Yu. , Kurilov A. B. , Sonin D. L.
Published: January 2022

In transplantation, there has always been an acute problem of the discrepancy between the number of donor organs and the number of recipients, including donor hearts. There are various ways to increase the pool of donor organs, one of them is the use of asystolic or non-heart-beating donors. Due to poor myocardial tolerance of ischemia during the asystole period, as well as because of the difficulties in diagnosing cardiac diseases of the asystolic donor, which can be contraindication to transplantation. Therefore, an in-depth study of the state of the myocardium in asystolic donors is required. Currently, there is no generally accepted protocol for working with asystolic heart donors. This protocol should include methods of heart conditioning and assessing of myocardium state. For its development we need more experimental and preclinical studies. A protocol for such a study is proposed. The modeling of an asystolic donor using rats is described on the basis of experimental work carried out by a team of authors. The article describes the following technical aspects: anesthetic guidance, asystole detection criterion, maintaining the rat body temperature in accordance with the human body temperature during cardiac arrest, surgical aspects of performing the main experimental model. The Langendorff model of isolated cardiac perfusion was chosen as the main model for assessing the state of the myocardium of a small laboratory animal. Intra-left ventricular pressure, volume of coronary blood flow, heart rate and the presence of post-reperfusion arrhythmias were selected as criteria for assessing the state of donor hearts. Assessment of the volume of damage to the donor heart is carried out using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining of the donor organ.
Precariousness of everyday heroism. A biographical approach to life politics
Authors: Ahponen Pirkkoliisa
Published: January 2022

It is a special challenge for an individual to be the hero of his/her own life in the social conditions of reflexive modernisation. Autobiographies are not only descriptions of what happened during the life course, but they also reflect individual capacity to construct cultural identities in reflexive and reflective ways. To reflect on one’s own success, personal gains and losses have to be compared with the competitive capacities of other community members of the hierarchically structured society. Reflexive capacity is the demand to become a conscious self and culturally identified member of a social group. Selfidentity is reconstructed and coped with in light of meaningful others during certain transition periods in the life course. Life-political meaningfulness is checked by overcoming personal difficulties in order to manage life-challenges further. Self-respect gives the resources needed for overcoming alienating experiences, for controlling the risk of social exclusion and for mastering one's own life successfully. Narrative identification of self tends to produce life-heroes. But the problem considered relevant here starts from reflecting altruism with reflexive monitoring of the self. The question is whether heroic episodes of life can be narrated so that heroic everyday deeds are emphasised in autobiographies. Or is everyday heroism present only in precarious moments which escape ego-centrism because this kind of heroism can be placed only at the social margin, where surviving a difficult situation obliges one to turn unselfishly toward another?
Cypriot Gay Men’s Accounts of Negotiating Cultural and Sexual Identity: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Phellas Constantinos N
Published: January 2022

This paper examines some of the key cultural concepts and relevant historical factors that may shape the development of Anglo-Cypriot gay identity. Accounts of sexual identity experiences provided by second generation Greek and Turkish Cypriot gay men in London are examined in the light of this analysis to explore how these men negotiate Anglo-Cypriot and gay identity. Twenty-eight self-identified second generation Greek and Turkish gay men living in London were recruited by advertising in the gay press, by writing to community groups, and gay groups and organizations and by “snowballing.” In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with those men recruited through these channels. Data were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis. The personal accounts of these men demonstrate that their sexual identity does not always become their primary identity and that different identities are constructed by individuals at different places and times. Most men indicated that the translation of their sexual desires and behaviors into the “political statement” of gay identity is not only difficult but is strongly resisted. Instead they chose to construct their identity in terms of their relationships with their families, their peers at work and other members of their community. The findings of this research may help develop an understanding of the complexities surrounding the “sexual and cultural” identities of Anglo-Cypriot gay men, thereby reinforcing the notion that identity is multiple, contested and contextual.
Basic Coronavirus biology and vaccines for COVID-19
Authors: Garcia-Ruiz Hernan , LaTourrette Katherine , Garcia-Ruiz Mayra Teresa
Published: January 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two mRNA vaccines based on the spike protein S have been authorized by the Food and Drug Administration. Antibody-based diagnostic test detect antibodies developed against protein S. Mutations in the genome of SARS-CoV-2 might compromise the precision of diagnostic tests and the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs. We recently profiled genomic variation in human coronaviruses SARS[1]CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). As in all species of the genus Betacoronavirus, the genome is hyper variable, and mutations are not random. The most variable cistron codes for the spike S protein. Hyper variation in protein S has the potential to affect the efficacy of vaccines, the reliability of antibody-based diagnostic test, and predicts potential for repeated SARS-CoV-2 infections. Here we review the basics of coronavirus biology and genomic variation, and link them to diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral drugs.
Potential of citrus extract as disinfectant in SARS-CoV-2 prevention
Authors: Schneegans-Vallejo Nicole , López-Guerrero Vanessa , Martínez-Ramírez Ollin Celeste , Ramos-García Margarita De Lorena , Guillen-Sanchez Dagoberto , Rivas-Valencia Patricia
Published: January 2022

SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, responsible for the second pandemic of the 21st century. This virus has caused a health emergency due to its rapid transmission and high mortality rate. The use of disinfectants of chemical origin has increased considerably to avoid contamination by SARS-CoV-2 but when used incorrectly they can pose a health risk. Citrus-based extracts have shown effectiveness in controlling the development of fungi and bacteria in in vitro and in situ studies. In in vitro cell assays, citrus extracts are effective in controlling the replication of disease-causing viruses. The objective of this review is to describe the problem of COVID-19, its transmission mechanisms, the use of chemical disinfectants and citrus extracts to control microorganisms and its suggested use as a complement in COVID-19 prevention. The use of citrus extracts has certain advantages such as biodegradability and low health risks. Thus, they could be a viable alternative to be used as a complement in the management and prevention of the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Brief teaching experience facing COVID-19
Authors: Zamora-Macorra Erika Janet
Published: January 2022

These questions and comments that genuinely arose in my remote classes with youngsters aged 15 to 18 showed me the impact of the pandemic on their way of thinking regarding a topic I have been explaining for years: VIRUSES. Now, these youngsters understood that answering the question they always had asked me every cycle (Are viruses alive or dead?) was irrelevant, and they focused on what really matters: How can something so small cause such an impact on the human lives? So, they understood that all tiny living beings, which they cannot see, are crucial to the balance of life and we do have the responsibility of making the least possible impact on that microbiological world. I realized that the pandemic had awoken interest in teenagers, and probably in all people, regarding viruses. From the agronomic point of view, I hope the minds of young men and women who are preparing to become future agronomists in Mexico, also become interested in phytopathogenic viruses, a somewhat forgotten area in the Mexican field. Thus, it is desirable for more virologists to be present to understand the role of these biological entities on an agricultural crop, in vectors and weeds. And maybe, in the mind of parasitologists would also be relevant to understand better the viruses, and the automatic approach for a plant with viruses on the field, not only would be eliminated them immediately. As an agronomist/phytopathologist, I understood the importance of viruses on plants in the few years I have been studying them, and not only because they cause diseases, but I have often seen that viruses “have learned” to coexist with plants without causing great harm to them. In fact, I dare to guarantee that some even help their host to survive adverse situations, although it is easier to claim it than to prove it scientifically. The current knowledge of microorganisms in the biome of the plant will soon help us recognize beneficial viruses. The same surely happens in viruses that are able to infect humans, but because they are invisible, we have focused on those that harm us, leaving a large scientific omission that must be explored. As an investigative professor, I explained to my worried and stressed students that we may have to accept that viruses are sometimes deadly, but sooner or later, with the help of scientists working on developing vaccines, this pandemic would pass. They then understood that, in order to survive this health crisis, they should better understand the viruses, know how and what they are made up of, how they are transmitted and how they can use the cells of their host to replicate and cause diseases. In this way they could make reasonable decisions that will benefit them and their families.
Analysis of chronic diseases associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people in Mexico
Authors: Álvarez-Maya Ikuri , Mora-Aguilera Gustavo , Acevedo-Sánchez Gerardo
Published: January 2022

The emergence of COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was first reported in December 2019. It then spread in pandemic proportions, creating a human health emergency that was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, mainly through droplets of saliva, has been highly effective, depending on the viral variant. The present study provides clinical-epidemiological information on the general population without discriminating by socioeconomic and occupational factors. A total of 8507 positive cases, with 408384 official metadata, were analyzed. These cases correspond to the exponential phase of the first epidemic wave (March-June 2020) in Mexico. The cohort consisted of children and young people up to 20 years of age. The putative risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to chronic diseases were also analyzed. In this cohort, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 3%, with a 9% rate of active infections and a mortality rate of 1%. The greatest association was between COVID-19 and metabolic diseases, with 31%. This is the first study that analyzed the health conditions associated with COVID-19 infection in children and young people in Mexico during the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave, in the absence of acquired or induced immunity factors. The results, although preliminary, may contribute to the management of COVID-19 patients during the prevention and hospitalization stages. Given the sustained expansion of the epidemic and the greater availability of data, it would be useful to make an integrative analysis of the rural population, which has remained active in the labor market given that agriculture is considered an essential activity.
Can food be a risk factor in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2?
Authors: Vargas-Arispuro Irasema , Martínez-Téllez Miguel Ángel , Sáenz-Hidalgo Hilda Karina , Mora-Aguilera Gustavo , Orduño-Cruz Nuvia , Avila-Quezada Graciela Dolores
Published: January 2022

Although the SARS-CoV-2 virus can survive in various environments for 28 days or more, and that the virus dispersion by microdroplets in the air can be a risk of contagion, there is no evidence that food carries it. However, the authorities have recommended measures in the handling of food, to avoid the possible spread of the disease through it or its packaging. In addition, current certification models such as ISO 22000 and Good Manufacturing Practices have generated a culture of prevention and food safety also applicable to the SARS-CoV-2 risk.
Perspectives of integrated pest management in CDMX urban agriculture and impacts of SARS-CoV-2 health emergency
Authors: Cuevas-Castilleja Jessica , Martínez-Luz Armando , López-Arzate Marcelo Adán , Ramírez-García Itzel Arlette , Mora-Aguilera Gustavo , Ávila-Alistac Norma
Published: January 2022

The objective of this work was to determine the impact of COVID-19 on productive activities of farmers and extensionist, and the level of application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in urban agriculture in Xochimilco, Milpa Alta, Tláhuac, Tlalpan, Magdalena Contreras and Cuajimalpa at Mexico City, a metropolitan area with a high SARS-CoV-2 positive cases. In 2020, a digital survey was applied to a total of 108 farmers and extensionists during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave. The sanitary emergency reduced the continuity of the extension service. However, this was carried out with digital technologies including photographs submitted by WhatsApp for pest diagnosis purposes. During the maximum COVID-19 peak (July, 2020), only 14% of farmers declined to sowing the summer fall season 2020. The majority established corn and, to a lesser extent, vegetables in mixed topologies. However, the activity of agricultural workers was reduced to 50%. Up to 75% of farmers reported losses of 20% derived from the epidemic. The major pest control strategy was mechanical, mainly for preventive purposes (67%) followed by chemical control (52%), biological at both preventive (8%) and curative (25%) levels, and the combination of more than one strategy in less than 10%. The data indicate an intuitive understanding of the IPM benefit, although the farmer is unaware of its principles. Faced with the growing demand for fresh, quality and safe food as a COVID-19 preventive strategy, urban agriculture has great development prospects by supplying local markets without transport problems caused by regional and global contingencies such as that caused by SARS[1]CoV-2. However, public and institutional policies of great vision are required. This work recognizes the work of farmers, as well as extensionists in favor of food security.
Lordship and Humanity Principles for The Peace of Indonesia: An Integrative Study of Theology and Ideology
Authors: Lumintang Stevri Penti Novri Indra
Published: January 2022

This study is stimulated by the background of the gap regarding the understanding and application between the Indonesian ideology of Pancasila and theology (religion) among both Muslims and Christians. This research aimed to study the integration between Christian theology and the Indonesian ideology of Pancasila. This research was based upon the naturalistic paradigm with a qualitative approach and integrative research method to find a model for solving religious intolerance and violence, which is often manipulated by political interests. This integrative study, especially integral dialectical synthesis, is to find a holistic knowledge of the doctrine of the principle of One Lordship, just and civilized humanity according to Christian theology and ideology of Pancasila as a model of integration. The integrative study between theology and ideology confirms that each of the five principles of Pancasila is theological, and even a mandate that believers (the Christians community) must obey. The relationship between Christian theology and the ideology of Pancasila is an integrative relationship because God and humanity are also integrative. These findings suggest that all Christians live in love and respect to their fellow humans, both Christian and non-Christian. Loving God and others means loving the Indonesian people by participating in overcoming the nation's problems and building the Indonesian nation's welfare for the welfare of the nation is our (all Indonesian citizens) wellbeing.
Belajar Hidup Berdampingan: Studi mengenai Pengelolaan Keragaman Agama di Sekolah
Authors: Hendrik Herman
Published: January 2022

Keragaman yang ada di  Indonesia tak jarang menjadi wahana konflik horizontal. Sebagai contoh misalnya konflik yang membawa nama agama. Dunia pendidikan pun tak lepas dari permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan keragaman agama. Untuk itu, diperlukan pengelolaan keragaman. Tulisan ini menganalisis berbagai praktik pengelolaan keragaman agama yang ada di sekolah-sekolah. Berdasarkan suatu penelitian kualitatif dengan FGD sebagai teknik pengumpulan data, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa ragam praktik pengelolaan keragaman agama di sekolah mencakup aspek-aspek: kurikulum, ekstrakurikuler, kokurikuler, sarana dan prasarana, pengelolaan kelas, rekrutmen GTK, acara selebrasi, dan aksi sosial. Faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap lahirnya praktik-praktik tersebut yaitu intervensi dari kepala daerah, intervensi dari organisasi nonpemerintah, intervensi tokoh agama, visi lembaga, dan inisiatif guru. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, tulisan ini mengemukakan empat model pengelolaan keragaman agama di sekolah; yaitu model normatif, mandiri, maju, dan inovatif.
Demokratisasi Pengelolaan Zakat Melalui Perubahan Peran Lembaga Amil Zakat berbasis Organisasi Kemasyarakatan
Authors: Martiningsih Dwi , Zamhari Arif
Published: January 2022

The management of zakat is dynamic dealing with the socio-political context in a country, including Indonesia. Zakat regulation  change from UU/38/1999 to UU/23/2011 pratically require adaptation from the role of zakat institutions in Indonesia. Zakat management institution in the community such as NU-Care LAZISNU and LAZISMU as zakat management institutions with civil society-based in programs and activities certainly cannot be separated from these regulatory changes. The regulation change was responded by changing its role as a zakat management institution. This article aims to describe the activities of NU-Care LAZISNU and LAZISMU and their position in responding zakat law. This research uses a case study approach and is designed in the form of a descriptive analysis to reveal field findings. The results of this research reveal that changes in national zakat management bring opportunities as well as challenges for zakat management institutions, both government zakat institutions and non-government zakat institutions. NU-care LAZISNU and LAZISMU build some adjustments by modernizing their institutions. These two civil society-based zakat institutions carry out various strategies in collecting, distributing and empowering zakat, infaq, and sedekah.
Pathological Diagnosis and Genomic Characterization of ICP4 Gene of lnfectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Isolates in Clinically Infected Chicken in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Priya R. Jyothi , Rao Ganne Venkata Sudhakar , Pazhanivel N. , Vijayarani K. , Reetha T. Lurthu , Gowthaman V. , Raja P.
Published: January 2022

Background: Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically important viral respiratory disease in poultry. Recently, re-emergence of Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) has been reported in several countries including India. The current study aimed to evaluate the poultry flocks of Tamil Nadu with circulating GaHV-1 and to elucidate the origin of the virus involved in the outbreak. Methods: In this study, a molecular based survey on the overall occurrence of natural cases of Infectious laryngo-tracheitis in poultry flocks from Tamil Nadu, India were performed. Pathological findings in respiratory and secondary lymphoid organs like caecal tonsils and harderian gland was carried out. The PCR technique targeting Infected Cell Protein-4 (ICP4) gene along with molecular characterization was performed. Result: The overall prevalence rate in the outbreak was 42.86% with highest incidence in layer flocks (62.85%) than the broiler flocks (22.85%). The highest susceptible age groups were between 20-30 weeks old. Tracheal pathology revealed epithelial sloughing, syncytial cell formation, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies and heterophilic exudation microscopically. Partial genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of ICP4 gene revealed high genetic homology between field isolates and the virulent strains from Turkey, Germany, China and Brazil. In the present study, along with pathological findings, a rapid and sensitive PCR assay was used for detection of ILT virus specific ICP4 gene in commercial poultry farms in the region.
Identification of Parental Lines and Hybrid using Molecular Techniques in CGMS based Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Hybrid UARChH42 (JCH42)
Authors: Thakur Neha , Vasudevan S.N. , Tembhurne B.V. , Doddagoudar S.R.
Published: January 2022

Background: Molecular markers are the landmarks on DNA that identifies a particular sequence of base pairs coding for a character. SCAR (Sequenced Characterized Amplified Region) markers are proving to be more effective in identification of genotypes as they are PCR based co-dominant markers. In view of plant variety registration under PPV and FRA, 2001 molecular characterization/ identification of the variety is essential to ascertain the trueness of the variety, hence present studies have been planned and executed. Methods: In present investigation CGMS based chilli hybrid UARChH42 and its parental lines were identified using molecular techniques. A line, B line, R line and hybrid seedlings were used for DNA extraction and characterized on the basis of polymorphism with respect to sterility or fertility by using SCAR markers. Result: P1 and P2 and coxII-SCAR which are sterility specific markers could amplify A line and hybrid showing a definite band. CRF-SCAR 870 is a fertility specific marker amplified R line and hybrid. Also CMS-SCAR 130 and CMS-SCAR 130/140 were able to identified A line, B line, R line and hybrid. Two of the markers viz. orf-456-SCAR atp6-SCAR and were not able to specify any case of parental lines or hybrid identification. Hybridity of UARChH42 (JCH42) chilli hybrid was determined by any similarity in the banding pattern with any of its parent. This study would help in the fulfillment of the requirements of protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights authority (PPVFRA), New Delhi for registration purpose.
LE DONT CAUSATIF DANS LES ROMANS DE RABELAIS ET AUJOURD'HUI
Authors: Anđelić Milena
Published: January 2022

Dans cet article, nous parlons de l’ancien sens causatif du pronom relatif dont, qui a connu un essor particulier au XVIe siècle. Nous avons choisi pour corpus les cinq romans de Rabelais. Le dont causatif avait la particularité d’avoir très souvent comme antécédent la proposition principale entière. La proposition principale avait la valeur de cause, alors que la proposition relative introduite par dont fonctionnait comme conséquence. Ce sont le plus souvent les verbes de sentiment de la proposition subordonnée qui donnaient la possibilité d’utiliser le relatif dont de sens causatif. La fréquence du sens causatif de dont comparé aux autres sens possibles de ce relatif (origine, moyen, manière…) était plus élevée à l’époque et compte presque 50% d'occurences, malgré la possibilité de chevauchement avec les sens d’origine et de propos. Les exemples extraits de l’original comparés aux traductions en français moderne ont montré non seulement quelles expressions ont remplacé le dont causatif de nos jours (à cause de, par la suite de...) mais aussi qu’il est possible de garder ce corrélatif pour créer un effet stylistique plus archaïsant à l’intérieur d’un texte littéraire.
POTRAGA ZA DOROM BRUDER I „EMPATIČNA DISTANCA“ PATRIKA MODIJANA
Authors: Martinov Vojislav M.
Published: January 2022

Polazeći od savremenih teorija kulture sećanja na Holokaust i Drugi svetski rat, u ovom radu analiziramo roman Dora Bruder, francuskog pisca Patrika Modijana, pri čemu u obzir uziamamo i širi kontekst politika sećanja u posleratnoj Francuskoj. Na osnovu višeslojne analize teksta ustanovljene su dve suprotstavljene tendencije autora/naratora u njegovoj potrazi za tragovima nastradale jevrejske devojčice Dore Bruder. Sa jedne strane, izražena je autorova potreba za snažnom identifikacijom, a sa druge svest o nemogućnosti ostvarivanja iste. Ovaj književni postupak građenja „empatične distance“ korespondira i sa širim tendencijama „druge generacije“ u umetničkim obradama prošlosti Holokausta.
Metabolic services of intestinal microbiota of swine: metabolism of carbohydrates and bile salts
Authors:   University of Calgary, Canada, Wang Weilan , Ju Tingting ,   University of Alberta, Canada, Gänzle Michael G. ,   University of Alberta, Canada
Published: January 2022

Vertebrate animals are holobionts and their physiology and metabolism are influenced by their commensal microbiota. Gut microbiota and their metabolites play a key role in the host defense against pathogenic microorganisms, shape the immune system, and impact the resistance to chronic disease. The metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota contributes significantly to the conversion of diet components to molecules that can be absorbed and metabolized by the host. The metabolic capacity of the intestinal microbiota by far exceeds the metabolic capacity of the hosts. Collectively, gut microbes support the digestion of the major nutrients, i.e. carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and impact uptake and conversion of micronutrients, e.g. phenolic compounds and minerals. This chapter provides an overview on the metabolism of carbohydrates and bile salts by pig microbiota.
Microbiological services delivered by the pig gut microbiome
Authors:   Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland, Cullen James T. , Lawlor Peadar G. ,   Teagasc Moorepark, Ireland, Gardiner Gillian E. ,   Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland
Published: January 2022

The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in regulating pig health and growth. Understanding the functions performed by the microbiome is vital when considering it as a target to improve pig health and growth, a pursuit driven by the increasing regulation of traditional means of disease control and growth promotion. This chapter explores the structure, diversity and functions of the pig gut microbiome, focusing on the role of the resident bacterial communities. It examines their relationships, interactions, and contributions to the host, ranging from the production of antimicrobial substances and prevention of pathogen colonisation to improvement of nutrient digestibility and the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and vitamins. The chapter also reviews bacterial communication and the antibiotic resistome of the pig gut, outlining how they may be targeted/manipulated to reduce antibiotic resistance and promote improved gut health.
The gut microbiota in pigs: ecology and biotherapeutics
Authors:   Institute for Medical Microbiology – RWTH University Hospital, Germany, Hitch Thomas C. A. , Wylensek David ,   Institute for Medical Microbiology – RWTH University Hospital, Germany, Harlizius Jürgen ,   Chamber of Agriculture North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, Clavel Thomas ,   Institute for Medical Microbiology – RWTH University Hospital, Germany
Published: January 2022

The community of microorganisms inhabiting the intestine of mammals are referred to as the gut microbiome and are known to influence the health of their host. Despite extensive work in the last decades, we still know remarkably little about their diversity and the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions with the host. After reviewing the main methods used to analyse gut microbiomes, we summarize data on the structural and functional diversity of the microbial ecosystem in pigs and also highlight the potential of cultivation and applications based on the use of minimal bacterial consortia.
Understanding the relationship between the microbiome and the structure and function of the pig gastrointestinal tract
Authors:   Nanjing Agricultural University, China, Mu Chunlong , Zhu Weiyun ,   Nanjing Agricultural University, China
Published: January 2022

The gut epithelium acts as a barrier to the gut environment. The integrity of the epithelial structure and function is thus critical for microbiome-host interaction. The gut microbiome can regulate the utilization and synthesis of mucin, the expressions of the intercellular junction complex, and the functioning of specific epithelial cells, such as enterochromaffin cells and stem cells in pigs. The factors involved include microbial metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids and host-microbe co-metabolism. Recent studies have revealed the essential role of amino acid metabolism in regulating the gut microbiome and epithelial barrier. This chapter discusses how the pig gut microbiome modulates epithelial structure and function, highlighting findings that reflect the relationship between the gut microbiome, intestinal structure and function.
Understanding the development of the gut microbiome in pigs: an overview
Authors:   Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, France, Borey Marion , Estelle Jordi ,   Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, France, Rogel-Gaillard Claire ,   Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, France
Published: January 2022

Living organisms continuously and intimately interact with commensal microbial communities referred to as microbiota and microbiomes. These complex ecosystems provide their hosts with vital services. The gut microbiome develops and diversifies after birth in pigs, as in all mammals. The diversification dynamics follows the host development early in life, reaches an initial level of richness and stabilization before 60 days of age, and continues to mature but at a much lower rate while ageing and adapting to environmental changes. There is a wide variation in microbiome composition at individual and group levels, due to a combination of many factors including host genetics, environmental factors, feed and feed additives, and farm practices. Although the gut microbiome displays region-specific composition along the digestive tract, with likely sequential, complementary biological functionalities, the fecal microbiome is often considered as a good surrogate and provides many of the associations identified with host phenotypes.
Improving gut function in pigs to prevent pathogen colonization
Authors:   University of Bologna, Italy, Bosi P. , Luise D. ,   University of Bologna, Italy, Trevisi P. ,   University of Bologna, Italy
Published: January 2022

Intestinal pathogens causing either clinical or sub-clinical infections increase pig morbidity and (or) mortality, resulting in economic losses and wider socio-economic impacts on pig production. An optimally functioning gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is fundamental to combatting intestinal pathogen colonisation at all the stages of life. This requires successful development and maintenance of key gut functions: digestive function; the gastro-intestinal cell line barrier; gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT); and gut-associated microbiota. This chapter first discusses research on genes associated with pathogen resistance and porcine immune response. It then reviews risk factors associated with gut mucosa impairment as well as dietary strategies to control risk factors and improve gut functionality in preventing intestinal pathogen colonisation.
Carta de presentación de manuscrito
Authors: De la Cruz Lázaro Efraín
Published: January 2022

Carta de presentación de manuscrito
Modelación de la presencia de Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc mediante propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo
Authors: Moreno Resendez Alejandro , Hernández-Herrera José Antonio , Valenzuela-Núñez Luis Manuel , Martínez-Salvador Martín
Published: January 2022

México es el único productor y exportador a nivel mundial de la cera de candelilla, pero el mercado internacional se establecieron restricciones con la finalidad de disminuir la presión sobre el recurso natural por la sobreexplotación, por lo que actualmente se encuentra incluida en la lista de la Convención Internacional sobre el Comercio de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna y Flora (CITES). El objetivo fue identificar las propiedades del suelo que favorecen la distribución de la candelilla, mediante el método de máxima entropía, buscando promover su manejo y aprovechamiento sustentable. El área de estudio fueron dos localidades de los municipios de Cuatro Ciénegas y Viesca, Coahuila. Se obtuvieron 102 y 72 sitios de muestreo en los que se registraron las coordenadas, los datos biométricos de los ejemplares, las condiciones del hábitat, del relieve y del tipo de suelo. Se seleccionaron nueve propiedades edáficas, para lo que se descargaron los archivos de la base de datos Soilgrid, la modelación se realizó en el programa Maxent. Como resultados el área bajo la curva en cada localidad con valores 0.927 y 0.973, se considera como un modelo adecuado para determinar la distribución actual de la especie. En el suelo, los factores físicos que fueron determinantes para favorecer la presencia de candelilla fueron: densidad aparente, profundidad y pedregosidad, mientras que los factores químicos: capacidad de intercambio catiónico y el contenido de carbono orgánico.
Programa de muestreo para el pulgón amarillo del sorgo, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)
Authors: Silva-Martínez Christian , Nava-Camberos Urbano , Cano-Ríos Pedro , Reyes-Carrillo José Luis , Ávila-Rodríguez Veronica , García-Hernández José Luis
Published: January 2022

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de desarrollar un programa de muestreo para el pulgón amarillo Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner 1897). Esta plaga se ha convertido en la de mayor importancia económica en el cultivo de sorgo en México y otros países. Se consideraron 10 predios de sorgo en una región del Norte de México conocida como Comarca Lagunera que abarcaron cinco municipios de Coahuila y cinco municipios del Estado de Durango. El método propuesto fue en forma directa inspeccionando el envés de la hoja para contabilizar el número de pulgones. Se determinaron las relaciones varianza-media para el número de individuos contabilizados del pulgón amarillo del sorgo mediante el modelo de la Ley de Poder de Taylor y estimando los tamaños de muestra óptimos. A través del Análisis de Varianza se determinó que para el muestreo del pulgón amarillo del sorgo se debería inspeccionar al menos 39 hojas por predio considerando plantas seleccionadas al azar. De acuerdo a los resultados esto arroja una precisión del 80%. Se encontró una relación significativa entre la proporción o porcentaje de hojas infestadas y el promedio de pulgones por hoja. Con base en las ecuaciones de regresión lineal obtenidas, se puede estimar de manera práctica y concisa la densidad de la plaga con un muestreo binomial de presencia-ausencia registrando el porcentaje de hojas infestadas. Se encontró como promedios máximos por hoja desde 394.66 hasta 719.18 pulgones amarillos del sorgo
Herbicidas en la milpa: Estrategias de aplicación y su impacto sobre el consumo de arvenses
Authors: Mascorro de Loera Ricardo Daniel , Ferguson Bruce G. , Perales Rivera Hugo Rafael , Charbonnier Fabien Sylvain Jacky
Published: January 2022

Las arvenses son plantas que crecen de forma espontánea en áreas agrícolas, y algunas forman parte de la alimentación campesina. Los estudios indican que el uso prolongado de herbicidas disminuye la disponibilidad de arvenses y reduce su consumo. El objetivo fue conocer las estrategias de aplicación de los herbicidas y cómo afectan el consumo de arvenses en el municipio de Amatenango del Valle, Chiapas. Se realizaron entrevistas abiertas y se visitaron parcelas para conocer el uso de herbicidas y la disponibilidad de arvenses para consumo. Se aplicaron cuestionarios a 40 hogares para documentar el conocimiento de las arvenses comestibles, su consumo actual y el de hace 10 años. Todos los agricultores usan herbicidas, en promedio tienen 24 (±11) años aplicándolo. Los entrevistados alternan la aplicación de herbicida con azadón y machete, el herbicida lo aplican de forma selectiva y mantienen zonas de refugio. Estas prácticas contribuyen a la persistencia de las arvenses; los solares, la milpa de riego y la compra son sitios alternos de obtención de arvenses. Los entrevistados consumen arvenses pero perciben que el consumo de Amaranthus hybridus, Galinsoga quadriradiata, Brassica rapa, Crotalaria longirostrata y Physalis philadelphicaha disminuido en los últimos diez años (p < 0.05). Esta percepción no está asociada con el número de fumigaciones ni los años de aplicación (Chi2, p > 0.05). A pesar de los cambios en su dieta por influencia de alimentos industrializados y cambios tecnológicos en el manejo de la milpa, las arvenses continúan siendo un elemento arraigado en la gastronomía de Amatenango del Valle.
Riqueza y abundancia de mamíferos en un ambiente antropizado en Zongolica, Veracruz
Authors: Macario-Cueyactle Demesio , Salazar-Ortiz Juan , Pérez-Sato Juan Antonio , Llarena-Hernández Régulo Carlos , Alavéz-Martínez Nancy María , Serna-Lagunes Ricardo
Published: January 2022

Los patrones de diversidad de mamíferos suelen ser afectados por pérdida del hábitat y presencia humana. En Veracruz se tiene un inventario de 195 mamíferos, pero en áreas geográficas aisladas como la región Altas Montañas, se desconoce la dinámica de la diversidad de mamíferos. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la riqueza y abundancia de mamíferos en dos vertientes del Cerro Acontecatl, Zongolica, Veracruz, México. Se utilizó la técnica de fototrampeo y se establecieron transectos para identificar rastros de las especies de mamíferos a partir de 12 muestreos durante mayo a septiembre de 2014. Con un total de 7704 h trampa-1 y 144 000 m2muestreados, se registraron 11 mamíferos pertenecientes a siete familias: Didelphidae, Sciuridae, Cuniculidae, Mephitidae, Procyonidae, Cervidae y Felidae. Leopardus wiediiy L. pardalis, dos felinos registrados en este estudio se encuentran en peligro de extinción. El índice de Shannon mostró similitud en las dos vertientes del Cerro Acontecatl, mientras que el índice de Margalef indica un ecosistema medianamente diverso en cuando a riqueza y abundancia de mamíferos. La curva de acumulación de especies indicó que se debieron registrar 12 especies con una cobertura de muestreo del 91%. En el área de estudio se detectaron actividades de caza, por este motivo el Cerro Acontecatl debe declararse como un Área Prioritaria para la Conservación, donde se fomente la educación ambiental en la ciudad de Zongolica para concientizar sobre la importancia ecológica de los mamíferos que habitan la zona periurbana de la cabera municipal.