bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indonesian sugarcane crops have a variety of virus-carrying insects. What are their control methods?
Authors: Dahliani Lili , Arshad Imran , U Usmiyatun
Published: November 2023

Mayoritas hama tebu berasal dari kelompok taksonomi serangga, dengan spesies tertentu berperan sebagai pembawa penyakit virus dan fitoplasma. Kebanyakan serangga yang menjadi vektor virus dan fitoplasma termasuk dalam ordo taksonomi Hemiptera, yang dicirikan oleh mulutnya yang menusuk dan menghisap. Produktivitas tebu secara nasional mengalami fluktuasi yang signifikan, hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa variabel. Di antara faktor-faktor tersebut, serangan patogen yang disebabkan oleh virus, termasuk virus mosaik tebu (SCMV), virus mosaik coretan tebu (SCSMV), dan virus daun kuning tebu (SCYLV), memainkan peran penting. Pengelolaan serangga vektor yang efisien di perkebunan tebu sangat penting untuk memitigasi potensi dampaknya sebagai pembawa virus atau hama, sehingga meminimalkan potensi kerugian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan jenis-jenis serangga vektor yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk menyebarkan virus penyebab penyakit pada tanaman tebu di Indonesia, serta mengeksplorasi berbagai metode yang digunakan untuk pengelolaannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian pustaka. Studi ini mengevaluasi secara kritis metodologi pengumpulan data dengan mengevaluasi literatur yang relevan tentang pengendalian serangga vektor virus dan meningkatkan efektivitas pengelolaan penyakit tebu yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian vektor serangga dilaksanakan melalui pendekatan terpadu, dimana metode pengendalian teknis dan biologis diprioritaskan, dan pemantauan rutin dilakukan. Jika populasi serangga meningkat secara signifikan, disarankan untuk mempertimbangkan penggunaan semprotan insektisida.
Viral Marketing: Mixue the King of Snow Ice Cream—How does this franchise affect the market?
Authors: Sungkawati Endang , Novitasari Dwi Rizki , Hamad Salah Ben
Published: November 2023

The food and beverage (F&B) industry in Indonesia is experiencing a notable expansion, with an anticipated growth rate of five to seven percent by the conclusion of 2023. The interconnection between these phenomena cannot be disentangled from the shifts in individuals' lifestyles, particularly in urban areas where there is a preference for quick food and beverages. The present study employs a qualitative descriptive research approach, utilizing a literature review methodology. This methodology incorporates information and data collection methodologies sourced from a range of scholarly literature, with a particular emphasis on recent study findings published in journals within the past five years. The present study involved the collecting of data through searches conducted on Google Scholar, Vosviewers, Harzing’s publish, or Perish, utilizing the following keywords: "viral marketing," "ice cream king," "brand," and "Mixue purchases." The findings indicate that viral marketing exerts a favorable and statistically significant impact on both consumer interest and purchasing behavior. In addition, it is worth noting that turbo marketing can exert a clear and substantial influence on consumer buying behavior. Ultimately, the presence of a brand image and brand awareness can exert a favorable and significant influence on consumer buying behavior.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Keterampilan Usaha dengan Batik Ecoprint
Authors: Cahyani Putri Dwi , Prawita Dika , Suparyanto Tri
Published: November 2023

Pemberdayaan masyarakat dipandang sangat penting, terutama pasca pandemi Covid-19.  Ibu rumah tangga diberikan motivasi dan pendampingan untuk mampu memiliki tambahan pendapatan. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan membuat kain Ecoprint dianggap pilihan yang tepat karena proses pembuatannya yang sederhana, relatif mudah, bahan yang dibutuhkan mudah didapatkan. Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini untuk menanamkan keterampilan kreatif, wawasan kewirausahaan dan keterampilan baru di masyarakat tentang Ecoprint. Melalui pemberdayaan ibu rumah tangga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai sosial ekonomi dan kemandirian keluarga. Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan dengan metode pendampingan secara langsung praktik membuat Ecoprint. Selain itu diberikan materi tentang pentingnya menjadi mompreneur, motivasi berwirausaha di rumah dan menggali ide dengan berpikir kreatif. Metode ini dilaksanakan melalui ceramah, tanya jawab/diskusi dan evaluasi. Kegiatan pengabdian dihadiri oleh 20 orang ibu-ibu rumah tangga di Prokerten, Bantul. Setelah selesai pengabdian, diketahui bahwa para mitra menganggap kegiatan tersebut sangat menarik dan dapat menginspirasi mereka untuk berkreasi membuat ecoprint
Taman Cendikia sebagai pengembangan Alat Permaianan Edukatif berbasis Ecomedia
Authors: Pratama Havidz Cahya , Azama Irham Muhammad , Cahyono Bayu Dwi
Published: November 2023

Alat Permainan Edukatif sebagai sarana yang penting untuk memicu perkembangan saraf dan motorik anak. Ecomedia menjadi salah satu bentuk media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan secara ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan pengelolaan barang bekas. “Taman Cendikia” merupakan alat peraga permainan edukasi tersebut dibuat dengan model ADDIE dengan beberapa tahap yaitu: analisis, perencanaan, pengembangan, implementasi dan evaluasi. Pengenalan alat permaian edukasi ini bagi kader baru memiliki respon positif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam pengembangan alat peraga ini dengan memberikan sosialisasi dan pelatihan dengan metode ceramah dan praktik/ drill. Pelatihan ini bertujuan mengembangkan kreativitas alat peraga edukasi sebagai inovasi media pembelajaran berbasis ecomedia dan menciptakan produk alat peraga permainan edukatif secara ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan pengelolaan barang bekas. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan ini dengan membuat alat permainan edukatif berbasis ecomedia dalam penanaman nilai agama dan moral anak. Praktik menciptakan model permainan edukasi Montessori, yakni permainan yang bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan perkembangan anak dengan melatih perkembangan kognitif dan kemampuan adaptasi terhadap lingkungan social. Adapun desain permainan edukasi berbasis ecomedia mempunyai nama “Taman Cendikia”diantaranya permaiannya mempunyai luaran berupa: 1) Miniatur masjid sebagai pusat pendidikan dan keagamaan, 2) Flashcard pengenalan tokoh, 3) Papan pintar doa harian dan suratan pendek Alquran, 3) Taman Huruf Hijaiyyah,Rumah pintar sebagai tempat berbagi ilmu pengetahuan keagamaan.
POLICIAMENTO OSTENSIVO E DESIGUALDADES EM SÃO PAULO E MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Sinhoretto Jacqueline , Batitucci Eduardo
Published: November 2023

Este artigo analisa relações entre o modelo de policiamento ostensivo e a seletividade da ação policial baseada em atributos dos suspeitos de crimes, em São Paulo e Minas Gerais. A coleta e a análise de dados atenderam a distintos procedimentos. Dados quantitativos sobre prisões em flagrante e mortes em decorrência de ação policial foram extraídos de bases oficiais de registros de ocorrências policiais. Dados qualitativos foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com oficiais das polícias militares paulista e mineira. Os resultados apontam a existência de tratamento desigual dos públicos branco e negro, tendo como evidência os cálculos de razão de chance de ser preso em flagrante ou ser vítima fatal de ocorrência policial. As conclusões indicam que o vínculo entre policiamento e racismo é aprofundado por mudanças no papel no policiamento ostensivo nas estratégias do controle do crime.
Respiratory complex I‐mediated NAD+ regeneration regulates cancer cell proliferation through the transcriptional and translational control of p21Cip1 expression by SIRT3 and SIRT7
Authors: Higurashi Masato , Mori Kazunori , Nakagawa Hidetsugu , Uchida Momoko , Ishikawa Fumihiro , Shibanuma Motoko
Published: January 2025

The role of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cell proliferation control beyond its crucial function in supporting ATP generation has recently emerged. In this study, we found that, among the four ETC complexes, the complex I (CI)‐mediated NAD+ regeneration is important for cancer cell proliferation. In cancer cells, a decrease in CI activity by RNA interference (RNAi) against NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1 (NDUFV1) arrested the cell cycle at the G1/S phase, accompanying upregulation of p21Cip1 cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor expression. Mechanistically, a decrease in the NAD+/NADH ratio downregulated SIRT3 and SIRT7 function, which suppressed p21Cip1 expression at the translational and transcriptional levels, respectively, resulting in the upregulation of the antiproliferative molecule. Importantly, high expression levels of the core subunits of CI correlated with poor prognosis in patients with the hormone receptor(+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(−) (HR+/HER2−) subtype of breast cancer. Therefore, NDUFV1 and SIRT3/7 have emerged as promising therapeutic targets against this breast cancer subtype.
Deciphering the Origin of Higher Shell Coordination on Single Iron Catalysts for Resilient Modulating Persulfate Oxidation Into Singlet Oxygen Pathway
Authors: Zhang Liang , Cheng Kai , Yang Zhizhi , Zhang Ye , Kubuki Shiro , Bingham Paul A. , Yong Yang‐Chun , Zhang Bofan , Duan Xiaoguang
Published: January 2025

Precise manipulation of coordination structure of single‐atom sites and establishment of schematic microenvironment‐oxidation pathway relations remain significant challenges in Fenton‐like chemistry. Herein, incorporating sulfur heteroatoms into the higher coordination shell of FeN4 structure (Fe‐NSC) exhibited a volcano trend of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid oxidation, aligning with the number and positions of sulfur dopant. Specifically, higher shell S coordination with moderate electronegativity and larger atomic radii triggers long‐range electronic interactions, which provoke Fe 3d orbital splitting and spin electron rearrangement, resulting in a spin crossover with orbital states dxy2 dyz1 dxz2 dz21. As a result, the partial filling of eg and t2 g orbitals and moderate σ/π antibonding states between 3d and 2p atomic states optimized the adsorption–desorption behaviors of the key oxygenated intermediates from peroxymonosulfate activation. Thus, the optimal binding configuration weakens the Fe─O bonding and accelerates PMS dissociation to yield C‐S‐N4Fe‐O*, which subsequently couples to form 1O2 with nearly 100% selectivity. The Fe‐NSC‐functionalized membrane exhibited outstanding long‐term reusability in a continuous flow reactor which further validated practical application perspective. This study provides insight at both atomic and electronic levels for rational design of spin‐polarized catalysts and its functions in fine‐tuning oxidation pathways in environmental catalysis.
Multi‐Responsive COF‐Enhanced Smart Actuator
Authors: Cheng Gong , Sui Chao , Hao Weizhe , Zang Zifu , Zhao Yushun , Zhou Yichen , Zhao Chenxi , Wen Lei , Li Junjiao , Sang Yuna , He Xiaodong , Wang Chao
Published: January 2025

Smart composite materials are attracting increasing attention for their novel stimulus‐response characteristics. Among them, Cellulose nanofibers (CNF)‐based smart composites are widely used due to their excellent properties. For enhancing the response rate and stability of CNF‐based smart composite actuator, a novel covalent organic framework (COF) nanoparticle is synthesized via molecular design to enhance CNF‐based multi‐responsive composite materials. COF‐TASA, characterized by a high specific surface area, exhibits the highest photothermal conversion efficiency of 79.9% for COF materials to date. A multi‐stimuli responsive actuator is prepared through the compounding of COF‐TASA, CNF, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The smart membrane demonstrates a reversible ability to change shape when exposed to near‐infrared (NIR) light and humidity. This is caused by the asymmetric deformation of the COC and PVDF layers. Finally, the mechanism for the enhancement of the smart response rate of the system by COF‐TASA is successfully elucidated through experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, indicating that the introduction of COF forms ordered channels in the COC, greatly enhancing the specific surface area and the transport speed of water molecules. This COF‐enhanced smart actuator is anticipated to provide important solutions for smart control, smart detection, and environmental energy collection.
Regulating Contact Electrification and Charge Retention Capability With Metal–Organic Frameworks in Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Sewage Treatment
Authors: Sun Xiao , Dong Liting , Liu Jianhua , Hou Tianyuan , Li Yanan , Wang Lei , Xu Xuechen , Chen Shougang
Published: January 2025

The harvesting of ocean wind energy for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is greatly influenced by the contact electrification (CE) capability, charge retention characteristics, and harsh marine environment. In this work, four highly water‐stable metal–organic frameworks, including MIL‐101(Cr), UiO‐66, ZIF‐8, and MOF‐303, are doped into PVA/Ta layers to modulate their CE capability, charge retention, and resistance to harsh marine environments. The CE capability is compared at multiple scales including electronic, atomic, and molecular levels using DFT calculation. The combined effect of the pyrazole ring and ─COO─ group contributes to the highest tribopositivity of PVA/Ta/MOF‐303. Besides, the reduced HOMO–LUMO gap and the increased HOMO level make it easier for electrons in PVA/Ta/MOF‐303 to transfer. Meanwhile, MOF‐303 with high charge capture capability located in deep layers can serve as charge traps to reduce charge dissipation rate. Hence, the charge density of PVA/Ta/MOF‐303‐based TENG (PTM‐TENG) at 90% RH reaches to 361.43 µC m−2. Hydrogen bonding, coordination effects, and electrostatic interactions endow PVA/Ta/MOF‐303 with excellent mechanical, anti‐swelling, and anti‐aging properties. Finally, PTM‐TENG is assembled into a self‐powered sewage treatment system, and the generation of ·OH and ·O2− enables PTM‐TENG to realize a high water sterilization rate (99.99%) and efficient organic pollutant degradation (>95%) within 20 min.
Tuning C─N Coupling Mode by Cu─In Dual Metal Sites in Covalent Organic Framework for Enhanced Urea Electrosynthesis
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhang Yuan , Shao Chunfeng , Yuan Lei , Sun Mingming , Wang Huiyong , Zhang Suojiang , Wang Jianji
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 and NO3− to high value‐added urea is a win–win strategy for both resources and the environment. However, the yield rate and selectivity of urea are still low. In this work, Cu and In metals are grafted into the interlayers of an imine‐linked covalent organic framework (COF) to form stable Cu─In dual metal sites by strong coordination of hydroxyl O and imine N atoms in the framework. It is found that the optimal CuIn1.07‐COF electrocatalyst exhibits an impressive urea yield rate of 2924.4 µg h−1 mg−1 and high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 54.7% in H‐cell, which surpasses that of most previously reported catalysts for urea electrosynthesis. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that due to the stronger electronic interaction between Cu and In, *NH2 intermediate is generated on the In site from NO3− reduction, and then couples with *CO2 on neighbor Cu site to produce *CO2NH2 with a lower energy barrier, which effectively promotes the electrochemical co‐reduction of CO2 and NO3− to urea. The work provides new clues for understanding the structure‐performance relationship in urea electrosynthesis.
From Microscale to Road Scale: Bridging the Gaps of Predictive Aluminum Corrosion Using SECM
Authors: Singh Vikram , Morel Alban , Gallant Danick , Mauzeroll Janine
Published: January 2025

Aluminum (Al) corrosion starts off at the micron or even submicron scale and if it is coating protected, it occurs at the metal‐coating interface. These corrosion events are by and large studied using bulk corrosion measurements making the understanding incomplete due to its micrometric scale occurrence. This gap is therefore targeted in current study by using a combination of SECM mapping modes together with a new strategy of employing redox‐mediator mixtures. These combinations allow the exploration of both Al surface topographic features as well as corrosion hotspots. Nine differently finished AAxxxx surfaces (namely, AA5083‐rolled‐Zr, AA6061‐rolled‐Zr, AA6061‐grinded‐Zr, AA6111‐rolled‐Zr, AA6111‐grinded‐Zr, AA7075‐grinded‐Zr, AA7075‐rolled‐Zr, AA7075‐rolled‐ZnPh with sealer and AA7075‐rolled‐ZnPh without sealer) are investigated by SECM in their as‐received state for corrosion and mapped on a 1 mm2 scale with high precision. The most interesting outcome is that typically grinded samples show more cathodic current and a higher number of hotspots. The resultant SECM maps are then quantified to extract corrosion hotspots and correlate them with both bulk corrosion outcomes and the real‐life corrosion road tests performed for 2 years. These investigations present a strong corrosion predictive strategy, which makes this study comprehensive and highly applicable to sectors like automobiles and aerospace) employing Al surfaces.
Polyurethane‐Based Shape Memory Compression Stockings with Antimicrobial and Pressure Regulating Properties for the Relief of Chronic Venous Disease
Authors: Gong Dakai , Wang Ziang , Jiang Yuanzhang , Han Yanting , Xu Yiming , Wu Pengfei , Tan Lin
Published: January 2025

Chronic venous disease (CVD) causes a heavy social and economic burden, which not only seriously diminishes the quality of life but also increases healthcare costs for patients. Herein, a compression stocking fabricated with polyurethane fibers is developed, which exhibits excellent antimicrobial and shape memory properties. In particular, the introduction of 1,2‐hydroxyethylpiperazine (HEP) dramatically shortens the relaxation time and effectively promotes the shape memory properties of polyurethane. Furthermore, the wet spinning and knitting methods are applied to obtain compression stockings, whose interfacial pressure ranges from 8 to 35 mmHg and can be regulated via the initial tension and trigger temperatures as needed. In addition, the compression stockings demonstrate excellent antimicrobial properties, achieving an inactivation rate of 99.99% against S. aureus and E. coli, while superior cytocompatibility and negligible skin irritation guarantee its biomedical applications. Overall, antimicrobial shape memory compression stockings can effectively manage and solve the two major problems of pressure regulation and bacterial infection for CVD patients, which is highly important for the care of this public health disease.
Direct‐Write Printing of Multicolor Electroluminescent Films for Stretchable Display
Authors: Yu Tianhao , Cho Seungse , Lee Junsang , Wang Ziheng , Lee Chi Hwan
Published: January 2025

Electroluminescent (EL) films are promising light sources for flexible displays, wearable electronics, and soft machines. Traditional fabrication methods like thermal lamination, transfer printing, and screen printing are often labor‐intensive. To address these challenges, a mask‐free, fully printable alternating‐current electroluminescent (PACE) film using a direct‐write printing strategy is presented. This method simplifies fabrication, enhances design flexibility, and allows precise, layer‐by‐layer deposition without alignment issues. The multicolor PACE film, available in blue, green, and orange, reaches a thickness of ≈150 µm and achieves 180 cd m⁻2 at 6 V µm⁻¹. It stretches up to 180% and withstands 10 000 bending/stretching cycles without significant luminance loss. Compared to conventional EL devices, the approach offers similar brightness with thinner films, avoids UV‐curable elastomers, and reduces equipment needs. This innovation broadens design possibilities, especially for stretchable displays, making it ideal for rapid prototyping with computer‐aided design (CAD) tools.
Hydrazide Molecular Configuration Induced Phase Regulation and Defect Passivation Enable Efficient Quasi‐2D Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Fang Shuyan , Shen Chao , Tan Zhi , Su Chenhui , Luo Junquan , Wu Siqi , Qing Jian , Luo Yunhan , Yang Renqiang , Zhang Jibin , Hu Ziyang , Liao Jihai , Hou Lintao
Published: January 2025

Perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have demonstrated significant potential in the display sector, attributed to their wide color gamut, narrow emission spectra, and cost‐effectiveness. Despite the rapid advancements in red and green PeLEDs, the attainment of high brightness and high external quantum efficiency (EQE) for blue PeLEDs remains a considerable challenge, which substantially limits their practical applications in white lighting and optical communication. In this study, a method for the passivation of blue quasi‐2D perovskites using hydrazide derivatives with varying alkyl chain lengths is presented. Density functional theory analysis indicates that hydrazide derivatives can effectively adsorb onto halogen vacancies, thereby reducing charge trapping states associated with undercoordinated Pb2+. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimal hydrazide derivative can better eliminate non‐radiative recombination loss, suppress ions migration, and regulate phase distribution, facilitating smoother energy transfer. Through this approach, stable sky‐blue PeLEDs are achieved with an EQE of 14.5% and a maximum luminance of 2659 cd m−2. This work offers a systematic understanding of hydrazide additive design, which will further enhance the performance and stability of blue quasi‐2D PeLEDs.
Regulation of Perovskite Nucleation and Orientated Crystal Growth via In Situ Self‐Crosslinking Polymer for Bright Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cheng Suwen , Zhang Yupeng , Chu Ying , Wang Yanchen , Xie Yuan , Yu Chen , Dong Jingjin , Cao Jiupeng , Wang Fangfang , Huang Wei , Wang Aifei , Qin Tianshi
Published: January 2025

Hybrid halide perovskite films are becoming increasingly efficient in various applications, but several challenges still remain to be overcome. In this study, thermally polymerized additive N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) is utilized to tune the crystallization and orientation of mixed organo‐metal perovskite films. Using in situ spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that NVP plays a crucial role in prolonging the crystallization process and separating the nucleation and crystal growth by forming an NVP‐precursor intermediate phase. Additionally, the intermediate adduct effectively passivates defects, reduces nonradiative recombination, improves crystallinity, and enhances the transmission of charge carriers. NVP‐containing perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are subsequently developed that exhibit stable and bright green luminance exceeding 240 000 cd m−2. These findings provide valuable insights into manipulating the crystallization behavior of mixed organo‐metal perovskite films.
Investigating the Potential for Label‐Free Detection of Cell Apoptosis through Terahertz Nano‐Metasurfaces
Authors: Roh Yeeun , Kwak Jisung , Sim Sang Jun , Song Hyun Seok , Seo Minah
Published: January 2025

A label‐free method to monitor apoptosis in cells using a terahertz (THz) metasurface‐based biosensing platform is demonstrated. Apoptosis, a crucial process for eliminating damaged cells and preventing cancer, often dysregulates in cancer, leading to tumor formation. Measuring apoptosis directly in cells’ natural environment without labeling is a significant aim in cell biology. The platform leverages THz metasurfaces to detect H2O2‐induced apoptosis noninvasively, focusing on transmittance changes and frequency shifts to comprehensively analyze cellular dielectric properties. HEK293 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a natural inducer of oxidation stress across diverse cell types, are used to validate the system, demonstrating precise sensitivity to apoptosis without the need for chemical labeling or invasive treatments. The results show a clear correlation between apoptosis, measured via Cell Counting Kit‐8, and terahertz transmittance spectra. This approach offers a powerful combination of label‐free, nondestructive, and further real‐time apoptosis monitoring in cellular systems, highlighting its potential for diverse applications in cell biology and therapeutic research.
Photo‐Induced 3‐Alkylation of Coumarins with Alkyl Halides
Authors: Yan Cheng , Zhang Wen‐Jiao , Qiu Liu‐Yan , Wang Rui , Cao Weiguo , Zhang Zhikun , Tang Xiao‐Jun
Published: January 2025

A method for the direct 3‐alkylation of coumarins utilizing alkyl halides as the alkylating agents has been achieved. This versatile reaction is compatible with a range of alkyl halides, including activated alkyl bromides, perfluoroalkyl iodides, and unactivated alkyl iodides. We propose a mechanism involving photoinduced electron transfer between alkyl halides and coumarins in the first singlet excited (S1) state, which generates alkyl radicals essential for the 3‐alkylation process.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Fretting Wear Characteristics of Silicon Nitride Bearings
Authors: Zheng Qi , Liu Jian , Yang Hui , Chen Tao , Hu Weiwen , Wu Nanxing
Published: January 2025

To study fretting wear characteristics of silicon nitride bearing. Atomic model of surface fretting wear of silicon nitride bearing is constructed by molecular dynamics method and deep learning self‐fitting potential function. First principles are used to match silicon nitride crystal parameters; Dynamic analysis of fretting wear process of nanoscale silicon nitride bearing is realized. Experiment shows that friction force in the Z direction is a maximum of 3.5 nN. The output potential energy 2.31 × 107 eV is 1.63 times that of the y‐axis, which is main factor causing the fretting wear. The force perpendicular to the direction of roller and the collar of silicon nitride bearings should be avoided in the process of using or transporting the bearings. Silicon nitride bearing fretting wear process is non‐transient elastic stress‐strain, along the rolling plane extension, in the roller rolling direction to form a sharp angle shape high strain linear region. Bearing Z direction damage degree increased; Silicon nitride bearing surface layer has 22.47% of the N─Si bond fracture. The study of the fretting wear characteristics of silicon nitride ceramic bearings has a reference value for reducing the surface friction of silicon nitride bearings and improving the life of silicon nitride bearings.
Evenly Distributed Microporous Structure and E7 Peptide Functionalization Synergistically Accelerate Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in Engineered Periosteum
Authors: Li Qihong , Li Chen , Yan Jun , Zhang Chunli , Jiang Yu , Hu Xiantong , Han Liwei , Li Li , Wang Peng , Zhao Lingzhou , Zhao Yantao
Published: January 2025

Repairing large bone defects remains a significant clinical challenge. Stem cell is of great importance in bone regeneration, and periosteum is rich in periosteal stem cell, which has a great influence on repairing bone defects. Bioengineered periosteum with excellent biocompatibility and stem cell homing capabilities to promote bone regeneration is of great clinical significance. The E7 peptide (EPLQLKM), which exhibits a specific affinity for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), is beneficial for modulating cellular functions. In this study, a unique microporous structured carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate membrane with a proper mass ratio is developed by the addition of Poloxam 407 （P407）, which is then functionalized with the E7 affinitive peptide. This membrane, characterized by its microporous structure and E7 peptide functionalization (CSSA/P/E), not only demonstrated favorable mechanical properties, enhanced hydrophilicity, satisfactory biodegradation profile, and excellent biocompatibility, but also synergistically enhanced MSCs recruitment. It is found to promote the proliferation, spreading, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and to accelerate early periosteal regeneration, bone matrix deposition, and vascularization in vivo, leading to effective regeneration of critical‐sized bone defects. Overall, this study presents a robust, cell and growth factor‐free strategy for bioengineering periosteum, offering a potential solution for the challenging large size bone defects.
Leveraging Network Target Theory for Efficient Prediction of Drug‐Disease Interactions: A Transfer Learning Approach
Authors: Liu Qingyuan , Chen Zizhen , Wang Boyang , Pan Boyu , Zhang Zhuoyu , Shen Miaomiao , Zhao Weibo , Zhang Tingyu , Li Shao , Liu Liren
Published: January 2025

Efficient virtual screening methods can expedite drug discovery and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutics. This study presents a novel transfer learning model based on network target theory, integrating deep learning techniques with diverse biological molecular networks to predict drug‐disease interactions. By incorporating network techniques that leverage vast existing knowledge, the approach enables the extraction of more precise and informative drug features, resulting in the identification of 88,161 drug‐disease interactions involving 7,940 drugs and 2,986 diseases. Furthermore, this model effectively addresses the challenge of balancing large‐scale positive and negative samples, leading to improved performance across various evaluation metrics such as an Area under curve (AUC) of 0.9298 and an F1 score of 0.6316. Moreover, the algorithm accurately predicts drug combinations and achieves an F1 score of 0.7746 after fine‐tuning. Additionally, it identifies two previously unexplored synergistic drug combinations for distinct cancer types in disease‐specific biological network environments. These findings are further validated through in vitro cytotoxicity assays, demonstrating the potential of the model to enhance drug development and identify effective treatment regimens for specific diseases.
In Situ Analysis of Li Plating and Stripping Behaviors Under Dynamic Current Conditions for Realistic Application Scenarios
Authors: Guo Yanpeng , Wei Xinqi , Zeng Cheng , Ji Xinyu , Liu Yao , Wang Shuhao , Liu Xizheng , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao
Published: January 2025

Lithium metal batteries are considered the holy grail for next‐generation high‐energy systems. However, lithium anode faces poor reversibility, unsatisfying cyclability and rate capability due to its uncontrollable plating/stripping behavior. While galvanostatic conditions are extensively studied, the behavior under more realistic application scenarios with variable inputs are less explored. Here, an in situ imaging platform using in‐plane microdevice configurations is developed to effectively investigate Li plating/stripping behavior under dynamic conditions. This platform offers high detectivity for analyzing the nuclei size, density, distribution, and growth location, rate, and mode. It is for the first time revealed that nuclei density and growth locations remain constant and are solely determined by the initial nucleation overpotentials during dynamic plating. A transition in growth modes from uniform granular growth to tip‐induced dendrite growth, and finally to directional growth among the dendrites is also observed. Guided by these findings, a dynamic plating protocol is proposed, which can greatly improve the Li reversibility and cycling stability. This work not only provides a novel approach to visualize the evolution of key nucleation and growth parameters, especially under variable inputs, but also offers valuable guidance for the future industrialization of metal batteries and the rational design of charging facilities.
Upcycling of Low‐Value Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium‐Ion Battery to High‐Voltage Cathode with Ultrahigh Rate Capability and Reversibility
Authors: Lei Shuya , Li Jiexiang , Sun Wei , Ge Peng , Yang Yue
Published: January 2025

LiMn2O4 and LiFePO4 materials are widely applied in electric vehicles and energy storage. Currently, spent LiMn2O4 and LiFePO4 materials recycling is challenged by long process, high energy consumption, and poor recycling economy due to the indispensable metal separation in their recycling. Aiming at this challenge, an upcycling of low‐value cathode materials to high‐value high‐voltage lithium ferromanganese phosphate (LMFP) by simple leaching and hydrothermal reaction is proposed, and the LMFP material with ultrahigh rate capability and reversibility due to its homogenized element distribution, well‐defined nanorods particles, short Fe/Mn─O bond and long average Li─O bond length is regenerated. The initial discharge capacity reaches 144.2 mAh g−1 with 87% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 C. Even cycling at 5 C, a discharge capacity of 136.9 mAh g−1 with 86.4% capacity retention is achieved after 1000 cycles. Kinetics analysis and characterizations of the regenerated LMFP material after cycling further reveal its fast diffusion ability and stable structure. This work sheds light on the potential value of LMFP material regeneration and offers an economic strategy for upcycling of spent low‐value cathode materials.
Robot‐Assisted Measurement of the Critical Micelle Concentration
Authors: Scamarcio Vincenzo , Slor Gadi , Hughes Josie , Stellacci Francesco
Published: January 2025

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is the key characterization of surfactants. To date, no method can yield sequential CMC measurements in an automated fashion. This work introduces SIMO (smart integrator for manual operations), a novel robotic platform for automating the determination of CMC for surfactants. It highlights the precision and reproducibility of SIMO, with an 80% reduction in standard deviation compared to a manual method. The article discusses the robotic protocol and data postprocessing, highlighting the challenges behind integrating automation and robotics in laboratories. SIMO's reliability is tested against a challenging experiment, that of determining the effect of various cations on the CMC of polymeric surfactants. The work presented showcases the potential of robotics in scientific experimentation, promising enhanced accuracy and efficiency.
Deep Q‐Network‐Based Hierarchical Path Planning of a Biped Wall‐Climbing Robot for Window Cleaning
Authors: Zhang Weijian , Li Zikang , Tam Lap Mou , Xu Qingsong
Published: January 2025

In building maintenance, cleaning the exterior walls of high‐altitude buildings is a critical task traditionally performed by human workers. However, manual maintenance exhibits several challenges, including fall risks, high costs, and aging workforce. To address such issues, this article presents a biped wall‐cleaning robotic system (BWCRS) dedicated to the maintenance of multi‐isolated areas on exoskeleton‐structured windows. To solve the complete coverage cleaning path planning problem, a full coverage cleaning approach is proposed by integrating a deep Q‐network (DQN)‐based method with the BWCRS. The proposed method enhances the cleaning process by optimizing the robot's travel path using DQN, ensuring stable navigation on walls with obstacles through advanced biped loco‐manipulation. The effectiveness of the reported approach is validated through extensive simulations and experimental investigations. Comparative studies reveal that the presented method outperforms the existing method. The results demonstrate the BWCRS's capability to efficiently and safely clean exoskeleton‐structure windows. Moreover, the proposed framework can be extended to path planning of other types of climbing robots.
Continuous Flow β‐Zeolite Catalysed Regioselective Alkylation of Naphthols Using Alcohols for Synthesis of Peroxynaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one, Azidonaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one and Fluoronaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives
Authors: Londhe Gokul , Bokade Vijay , Gnanaprakasam Boopathy
Published: January 2025

Functionalized naphthols are prominent scaffolds in organic synthesis and materials chemistry. Herein, we demonstrated continuous flow alkylation of α‐ and β‐naphthols by using various primary and secondary benzylic alcohols in the presence of environmentally benign granular β‐zeolite as a reusable catalyst. For a variety of β‐naphthols, the respective alkylated products with good regioselectivity were obtained in high yields under mild reaction conditions. This protocol proceeded via the classical Friedel‐Crafts type alkylation process and generated stable carbocations as intermediates. Applying this protocol, versatile naphthol derivatives have been synthesized using primary and secondary benzylic alcohols (50 and 44 examples in batch and continuous flow process, respectively), with good yields. Key advantages of this process includes rapid and efficient transformation, facilitates gram‐scale synthesis, and generates water as the sole by‐product. The most significant advantage is the continuous reusability of granular β‐zeolite, which further emphasizes the sustainability of the method. The application of alkylated naphthols for quaternary functionalization was demonstrated through peroxidation, azidation, and halogenation reactions under the continuous flow module, which yielded the respective peroxynaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one, azidonaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one and fluoronaphthalen2(1H)‐one derivatives.
Prolonged Febrile Seizure and Long‐Term Neurological Sequelae in Otherwise Healthy Children
Authors: Suga Takenori , Yoshida Takeshi , Yokoyama Atsushi , Hanami Yotaro , Ashina Kazushige , Nakamura Natsumi , Kawakami Koji , Takita Junko , Takeuchi Masato
Published: January 2025

The association between prolonged febrile seizure and long‐term neurological sequelae in otherwise healthy children remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese nationwide medical database. In the cohort of 38,465 children with febrile seizures, 610 and 31,157 were classified into the prolonged and non‐prolonged groups, respectively. Within a median of 2.70 years of follow‐up, the risk of subsequent epilepsy was significantly higher in the prolonged febrile seizure group (hazard ratio, 3.99; 95% confidence interval, 2.40–6.64). The risk of neurodevelopmental disorders was similar between the two groups (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.79). ANN NEUROL 2025
Promiscuity Guided Evolution of Decarboxylative Aldolases for Synthesis of Tertiary γ‐Hydroxy Amino Acids
Authors: Campbell Meghan E. , Ohler Amanda R. , McGill Matthew J. , Buller Andrew R.
Published: January 2025

Many applications of enzymes benefit from activity on structurally diverse substrates. Here, we sought to engineer the decarboxylative aldolase UstD to perform a challenging C−C bond forming reaction with ketone electrophiles. The parent enzyme had only low levels of activity, portending multiple rounds of directed evolution and a possibility that mutations may inadvertently increase the specificity of the enzyme for a single model screening substrate. We show how to intentionally guide UstD towards generality through multi‐generational directed evolution using substrate‐multiplexed screening (SUMS). Mutations outside of the active site that impact catalytic function were immediately revealed by shifts in promiscuity, even when the overall activity was lower. By re‐targeting these distal residues that couple to the active site with saturation mutagenesis, broadly activating mutations were readily identified. When analyzing active site mutants, SUMS identified both specialist enzymes that would have more limited utility as well as generalist enzymes with complementary activity on diverse substrates. These new UstD enzymes catalyze convergent synthesis of non‐canonical amino acids bearing tertiary alcohol side chains. This methodology is easy to implement and enables the rapid and effective evolution of enzymes to catalyze desirable new functions.
Structural Isomerism of {Ag14}10+ Nanocluster Encapsulated by Bowl‐like Polyoxometalates
Authors: Chi Manzhou , Wei Jianyu , Zhao Zichen , Liu Xiaoyi , Sun Wanting , Feng Yeqin , Lv Hongjin , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: January 2025

The structural isomerism of atomically precise nanoclusters provides a preeminent theoretical model to investigate the structure−property relationships. Herein, we synthesized three bowl‐like polyoxometalate (POM)‐encapsulated Ag nanoclusters (denoted as {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}‐1, {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}‐1 a, and {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}‐2) via a facile one‐pot solvothermal approach. Among them, for the first time, an unprecedented isomeric {Ag14}10+ nanoclusters are obtained in polyoxoanions {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}‐1 and {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}‐2, which should be probably induced by the different distribution of coordinating O atoms in two isomeric bowl‐like {Sb3W30} ligands. Clusters {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}‐1 and {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}‐2 exhibit distinct electronic structures and physicochemical properties due to the different geometric structures of the {Ag14}10+ nanoclusters, but both clusters can effectively catalyze the visible‐light‐driven hydrogen evolution with over 22,000 turnovers (TONs) after 6‐hour photocatalysis.
Helical Quintulene: Synthesis, Chirality, and Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Huang Ling‐Xi , Pan Hong‐Rui , Xing Jiang‐Feng , Zhao Xin‐Jing , Li Ze‐Jia , Xie Rong‐Jie , Geng Yu‐Huan , Deng Qing‐Song , Tan Yuan‐Zhi
Published: January 2025

Quintulene is a quintuply symmetrical cycloarene with a positively curved molecular geometry. First described by Staab and Sauer in 1984, its successful synthesis was not achieved until 2020. Due to the challenges posed by its positive curvature, structural extensions of quintulene have been studied rarely. In this work, we report the synthesis of a chiral quintulene (1) featuring five [5]helicene units at its rim constructed through the introduction of steric hindrance. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the structure of 1 that showcases a unique chirality combining helicity and rotational symmetry. The enantiomers of 1 were separated and their chiroptical properties were examined, revealing the dissymmetric absorption and luminescence. Additionally, the bowl shape facilitates supramolecular assembly between 1 and fullerenes, with a binding constant to C60 10‐fold higher than to C70. This work expands the structural diversity of quintulene and bridges the structures of cycloarenes and multi‐helicenes, paving the way for the structural design of chiral cycloarenes.
Multifunctionality of Single‐Atom‐Thick 2D Magnetic Atoms in Nanolaminated M2AX: Toward Permanent Magnets and Topological Properties
Authors: Shen Chen , Li Fu , Zhang Yixuan , Xie Ruiwen , Samathrakis Ilias , Han Bing , Zhang Hongbin
Published: January 2025

M(n + 1)AXn (MAX) phases' nanolaminated ternary carbides or nitrides possess a unique crystal structure in which single‐atom‐thick A sublayers are interleaved by alternative stacking of an M(n + 1)Xn sublayer; these materials have been investigated as promising functional materials for industrial applications because of their laminated structure, as well as their metallic and ceramic properties. Based on high‐throughput density functional theory calculations, the stabilities and magnetic properties of M2AX phases with A as magnetic elements (A = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) are investigated, aiming for designing new multifunctional magnets. The thermodynamical stabilities and the relative stability trend are first evaluated, resulting in 139 unreported metastable compounds, 39 of which are carbon‐based M2AX compounds. After this, the mechanical stability and properties of metastable phases are analyzed. To determine the magnetic ground states of the newly predicted compounds, the magnetic exchange coupling parameters are further calculated, with the critical magnetic transition temperature evaluated based on the mean‐field theory. Particularly, several compounds such as Be2FeN, Be2CoN, and Fe2FeN show high Curie temperature over 1000 K. Subsequently, the absolute value of magneto‐crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) is calculated, and 20 compounds are found with a uniaxial anisotropy greater than 0.4 MJ m−3, which are potential gap magnets. Finally, the transport properties of the predicted ferromagnetic (FM) M2AX compounds are evaluated. Notably, Y2FeN possesses an anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) and anomalous Nernst conductivity (ANC) (at 300 K) of around –1158 S cm−1 and –4.59 A mK−1. Particularly, when considering carbon doping in Ta2FeN, the AHC and ANC are significantly enhanced, which also offers an effective tuning strategy for spintronics applications.
Synthesis and biological investigation of peptidomimetic SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease inhibitors bearing quinoline‐based heterocycles at P3
Authors: Rossi Sara , Deidda Graziano , Fiaschi Lia , Ibba Roberta , Pieroni Mariachiara , Dichiara Maria , Carullo Gabriele , Butini Stefania , Ramunno Anna , Brogi Simone , Lolicato Marco , Arrigoni Cristina , Cabella Noemi , Bavagnoli Laura , Maga Giovanni , Varasi Ilenia , Biba Camilla , Vicenti Ilaria , Gemma Sandra , Crespan Emmanuele , Zazzi Maurizio , Campiani Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

In the last few years, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been the cause of a worldwide pandemic, highlighting the need for novel antiviral agents. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS‐CoV‐2 was immediately identified as a crucial enzyme for viral replication and has been validated as a drug target. Here, we present the design and synthesis of peptidomimetic Mpro covalent inhibitors characterized by quinoline‐based P3 moieties. Structure–activity relationships (SARs) were also investigated at P1 and P2, as well as for different warheads. The binding modes of the designed inhibitors were assessed using X‐ray crystallographic and molecular docking studies. The identified Mpro inhibitors were tested for their antiviral activities in cell‐based assays, and the results were encouraging. The SAR studies presented here can contribute to the future design of improved inhibitors by addressing some of the current or prospective issues regarding Mpro inhibitors currently used in therapy.
White Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Specific Fe3+ Detection and Imaging Applications
Authors: Lin Yefeng , Qian Yong , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Kuang Dazhou , Long Yingjie , Zheng Haonan , Nie Rongrong , Qu Songnan , Wang Hui
Published: January 2025

In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) with fluorescence imaging function have been widely used in biomedicine, electronic manufacturing and environmental monitoring. However, monochromatic fluorescence is often limited by the application environment and loses its effectiveness. Here, we carefully designed white fluorescent CDs (WF‐CDs) by solvothermal method, which is used for fluorescence imaging applications under different environmental conditions. WF‐CDs based on nitrogen doping can produce obvious emission peaks at 640 nm, 490 nm and 400 nm, respectively, corresponding to red, green and blue (RGB) bands in the three primary colors. The full wavelength emission was realized by changing the solvent types and pH values to adjust the emission peak intensity. WF‐CDs can accurately detect Fe3+ concentration according to fluorescence extinction degree (fluorescence elimination rate reaches 95.34 %). Furthermore, WF‐CDs has practical applications in cell‐level fluorescence imaging, near‐infrared fluorescence imaging and ultraviolet anti‐counterfeiting, and has broad application prospects in the fields of nano‐medicine and industrial manufacturing.