bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sharing, knowledge management and big data: A partial genealogy of the data scientist
Authors: Gehl Robert W
Published: June 2015

This article is a partial genealogy of the data scientist, meant as a contribution to understanding how both big data and the subject who mines it have come to be. It adds to the growing criticism of data mining by considering how big data might be used to manage the very workers who ostensibly command it. The article traces the concept of ‘sharing’ as it appears in discourses about the knowledge economy, arguing that knowledge sharing produces messy excesses of data. It then traces what is not shared: the knowledge workers capable of mining that data to produce value. It concludes by tracing how the act of sharing knowledge is used to undermine the power of the very subject called forth to command the excesses of sharing. It concludes by describing a reversal: data will become scarce while the ability to mine it ubiquitous and cheap.
Plenty as a response to austerity? Big Data expertise, cultures and communities
Authors: Bassett Caroline
Published: June 2015

Big Data promises informational abundance – something that might be useful to cultures and communities in times of austerity. However many local organizations lack the skills to develop expertise in new forms of computation or the desire to develop them; Big Data is often viewed as the terrain of Big Business and Big Government. Drawing on issues arising from action research into Big Data and community in Brighton, England, this article explores questions of technological expertise in relation to Big Data, everyday life and critical practice – the latter understood as something that may be undertaken not only as a theoretical but also as an operational endeavour. The outcome of the article is thus not a prescription for training but a series of questions concerning desirable forms of co-constitution: How should expertise be shared between humans and machines?
Open source intelligence, social media and law enforcement: Visions, constraints and critiques
Authors: Trottier Daniel
Published: June 2015

This article considers how recent developments in open source intelligence impact the inclusion of social media data in policing, and how these changes are a reflection of technological affordances by platform developers and private third-party companies, as well as police cultural and institutional constraints. It explores the institutional contexts in which social media open source intelligence is trialled in Europe by drawing on interviews with police officials and privacy advocates from 13 European Union member states. Respondents considered their adoption of open source social media monitoring technologies in their jurisdiction, locating this uptake within a context of technological scepticism. While open source intelligence infused with social media data enables an immediate access to social life for investigators, so too do they provoke a preoccupation with the origins and circulations of this content. This tension dovetails with institutional concerns, including a lack of specialised staff, budget constraints, along with a lack of clear legal and procedural protocols.
A consensual hallucination no more? The Internet as simulation machine
Authors: McKelvey Fenwick , Tiessen Matthew , Simcoe Luke
Published: June 2015

In this article, we investigate the macro-role being played – and played out – by digital, social and ‘new’ media today. We suggest that these media, facilitated by the Internet, can together be understood as a vast simulation machine that mediates and modulates everyday life to refashion what was once the ‘real world’ in its own image. Life in the ‘meatspace’ (the physical world) is most valuable, we suggest, not because it involves tweets, opinions or our desires but because these data produce useful and computable digital resources for finance, business and government. Today’s Big Data mining and predictive analytics allow for digital priorities to become non-digital realities, resulting – we suggest – in the algorithmically generated landscapes of today (and tomorrow). The imperatives driving today’s Internet and mobile technology have more to do with making the world computationally comprehensible than with the facilitation of free expression, open markets or open communication. We discuss the conditions created by these digital simulation machines as well as emerging opportunities for subversion and resistance.
Our metrics, ourselves: A hundred years of self-tracking from the weight scale to the wrist wearable device
Authors: Crawford Kate , Lingel Jessa , Karppi Tero
Published: June 2015

The recent proliferation of wearable self-tracking devices intended to regulate and measure the body has brought contingent questions of controlling, accessing and interpreting personal data. Given a socio-technical context in which individuals are no longer the most authoritative source on data about themselves, wearable self-tracking technologies reflect the simultaneous commodification and knowledge-making that occurs between data and bodies. In this article, we look specifically at wearable, self-tracking devices in order to set up an analytical comparison with a key historical predecessor, the weight scale. By taking two distinct cases of self-tracking – wearables and the weight scale – we can situate current discourses of big data within a historical framing of self-measurement and human subjectivity. While the advertising promises of both the weight scale and the wearable device emphasize self-knowledge and control through external measurement, the use of wearable data by multiple agents and institutions results in a lack of control over data by the user. In the production of self-knowledge, the wearable device is also making the user known to others, in a range of ways that can be both skewed and inaccurate. We look at the tensions surrounding these devices for questions of agency, practices of the body, and the use of wearable data by courtrooms and data science to enforce particular kinds of social and individual discipline.
Incidence of Tube Feeding in 7174 Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents With and Without Dementia
Authors: Schulze Jana , Mazzola Rosa , Hoffmann Falk
Published: June 2015

Background:

Tube feeding is a common form of long-term nutritional support, especially for nursing home residents, of whom many have dementia.

Objective:

Estimating the incidence of feeding tube placement in nursing home residents with and without dementia.

Methods:

Using claims data, we studied a cohort of newly admitted nursing home residents aged 65 years and older between 2004 and 2009. Analyses were stratified by dementia. We estimated incidence rates and performed multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Results:

The study cohort included 7174 nursing home residents. Over a mean follow-up of 1.3 years, 273 people received a feeding tube. The incidence per 1000 person-years was 28.4, with higher estimates for patients with dementia. When adjusting for age, sex, and level of care as a time-dependent covariate, influence of dementia decreased to a nonsignificant hazard ratio.

Conclusion:

It seems that not dementia itself but the overall clinical condition might be a predictor of tube feeding placement.
Bothrops jararaca envenomation: Pathogenesis of hemostatic disturbances and intravascular hemolysis
Authors: Senise Luana V , Yamashita Karine M , Santoro Marcelo L
Published: June 2015

To attain fully functional biological activity, vitamin-K dependent coagulation factors (VKDCF) are γ-carboxylated prior to secretion from liver. Warfarin impairs the γ-carboxylation, and consequently their physiological function. Bothrops jararaca snake venom (BjV) contains several activators of blood coagulation, especially procoagulant enzymes (prothrombin and factor X activators) and thrombin-like enzymes. In order to clarify the relative contribution of prothrombin and factor X activators to the hemostatic disturbances occurring during experimental B. jararaca envenomation, warfarin was used to deplete VKDCF, prior to BjV administration. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with saline (Sal) or warfarin (War) and inoculated subsequently with BjV or saline, thus forming four groups: Sal + Sal (negative control), Sal + BjV (positive control), War + Sal (warfarinization control), and War + BjV. Three hours after inoculation, prothrombin and factor X levels fell 40% and 50%, respectively; levels of both factors decreased more than 97% in the War + Sal and War + BjV groups. Platelet counts dropped 93% and 76% in Sal + BjV and War + BjV, respectively, and plasma fibrinogen levels decreased 86% exclusively in Sal + BjV. After 6 and 24 h, platelet counts and fibrinogen levels increased progressively. A dramatic augmentation in plasma hemoglobin levels and the presence of schizocytes and microcytes in the Sal + BjV group indicated the development of intravascular hemolysis, which was prevented by warfarin pretreatment. Our findings show that intravascular thrombin generation has the foremost role in the pathogenesis of coagulopathy and intravascular hemolysis, but not in the development of thrombocytopenia, in B. jararaca envenomation in rats; in addition, fibrinogenases (metalloproteinases) may contribute to coagulopathy more than thrombin-like enzymes.
Linguistic Contact in Prehistoric Italy: At The Origins of the Placename Imola
Authors: Cacciafoco Francesco Perono , Nanetti Andrea
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper explores possible connections between the Indo-European roots *yem-/*jem- and *am- (*me-) and the Etruscan stem am- through the analysis and reconstruction of the pre-Latin etymology of the Italian placename Imola (Bologna, Emilia-Romagna). The evaluation of plausible links between Indo-European (Italic and, especially, Celtic) and Etruscan in this area, in the specific field of historical toponomastics, could allow relevant considerations inherently in the notions of reuse and refunctionalization of roots pertaining to different languages and linguistic families in the (mainly Prehistoric or Proto-historic) toponymy of border areas. The placename Imola is, therefore, reconstructed through a “convergent” methodology that takes into account the possibility of different and heterogeneous influences in the naming process. The work starts from the analysis of the Indo-European root *yem-/*jem- inferring the possibility of contacts between Indo-Europeans and Etruscans in the area of the inhabited center. The proposal of possible linguistic interexchange envisages the hypothesis of a semantic alignment between the Indo-European root *yem-/*jem- and the Etruscan stem am- or an analogy between the two bases and the Indo-European theme *am- (*me-). The conclusions (a plausible contact and alignment between Indo-European and Etruscan in a border area) of this paper could be relevant also in the field of historical semantics and in the re-interpretation of Etruscan stem am-. The study, therefore, highlights the possibility of contacts and interexchange, in border areas, between different languages and linguistic families.
Fabrication of Sn nanostructures by template assisted pulse electrodeposition
Authors: Sharma A. , Bhattacharya S. , Das S. , Das K.
Published: June 2015

Pulse electrodeposition method is employed for the synthesis of Sn nanostructures using alumina template. Electrical contacts are made through metallisation of the template bottom with copper and an aluminium foil. The current density is varied from 0.05 to 0.6 A cm− 2, and a change in nanostructure formation is noticed. The structure and morphology of nanostructures are characterised by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It is observed that at a lower current density (0.05 A cm− 2), nanorods (mean diameter 186 nm) are prominent. As the current density is further increased to 0.4 A cm− 2, the nanorods increase in diameter (∼216 nm), while at a higher current density of 0.6 A cm− 2, nanorods (mean diameter 158), nanoribbons (mean diameter 126 nm) as well as nanowires (∼44 nm) are produced. The obtained Sn nanostructures are polycrystalline in nature and can be scaled up to industrial level.
Regulation of AKT signaling by Id1 controls t(8;21) leukemia initiation and progression
Authors: Wang Lan , Man Na , Sun Xiao-Jian , Tan Yurong , García-Cao Marta , Liu Fan , Hatlen Megan , Xu Haiming , Huang Gang , Mattlin Meredith , Mehta Arpit , Rampersaud Evadnie , Benezra Robert , Nimer Stephen D.
Published: June 2015

Key Points

Using genetically modified mice, we identified the crucial role of Id1 in t(8;21) leukemogenesis through regulating AKT signaling. Id1 inhibitor has a significant therapeutic effect in the mouse model of t(8;21) leukemia.
Visualization and interpretation of geologic data in 3D virtual reality
Authors: Kinsland Gary L. , Borst Christoph W.
Published: June 2015

We have developed an argument and evidence from our experiences for the utility of 3D virtual reality (3DVR) systems in the interpretation of 3D geologic data. Interpretation of 3D data by geoscientists is performed in “the mind.” Visualization of 3D data in 3DVR environments is an efficient method of getting the data into the mind. Descriptions of visualization and interpretation of several different geologic data sets in 3DVR environments illustrate the advantages of 3DVR. Despite the advantages of visualization in 3DVR, several reasons exist for the present limited use of 3DVR by geoscientists. With the relatively recent availability and affordability of smaller hardware and software systems, we believe 3DVR should become commonplace on the desktops of geoscience interpreters.
Glutamate Cysteine Ligase Modifier Subunit (Gclm) Null Mice Have Increased Ovarian Oxidative Stress and Accelerated Age-Related Ovarian Failure
Authors: Lim Jinhwan , Nakamura Brooke N. , Mohar Isaac , Kavanagh Terrance J. , Luderer Ulrike
Published: June 2015

Glutathione (GSH) is the one of the most abundant intracellular antioxidants. Mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have decreased GSH. Our prior work showed that GSH plays antiapoptotic roles in ovarian follicles. We hypothesized that Gclm−/− mice have accelerated ovarian aging due to ovarian oxidative stress. We found significantly decreased ovarian GSH concentrations and oxidized GSH/oxidized glutathione redox potential in Gclm−/− vs Gclm+/+ ovaries. Prepubertal Gclm−/− and Gclm+/+ mice had similar numbers of ovarian follicles, and as expected, the total number of ovarian follicles declined with age in both genotypes. However, the rate of decline in follicles was significantly more rapid in Gclm−/− mice, and this was driven by accelerated declines in primordial follicles, which constitute the ovarian reserve. We found significantly increased 4-hydroxynonenal immunostaining (oxidative lipid damage marker) and significantly increased nitrotyrosine immunostaining (oxidative protein damage marker) in prepubertal and adult Gclm−/− ovaries compared with controls. The percentage of small ovarian follicles with increased granulosa cell proliferation was significantly higher in prepubertal and 2-month-old Gclm−/− vs Gclm+/+ ovaries, indicating accelerated recruitment of primordial follicles into the growing pool. The percentages of growing follicles with apoptotic granulosa cells were increased in young adult ovaries. Our results demonstrate increased ovarian oxidative stress and oxidative damage in young Gclm−/− mice, associated with an accelerated decline in ovarian follicles that appears to be mediated by increased recruitment of follicles into the growing pool, followed by apoptosis at later stages of follicular development.
Useful In/stability
Authors: Gieseking Jen Jack
Published: June 2015

Queer theory's embrace of instability paints stabilizing practices as normalizing and unjust. Rather than upholding a stance of opposition by championing instability alone, what can be gleaned for queer theory by examining the tension of the in/stability dialectic? This essay reflects on the author's own embodied experience as researcher within the social and spatial dimensions of the Lesbian Herstory Archives (LHA). Informed by critical geographic studies and queer theories, the author suggests that the usefulness of in/stability—all at once together and in conflict—is part of the work toward justice that results when the archive sits in the juxtaposition rather than choose a side within the binary. The resultant practice of useful in/stability suggests a turn for queer theory and analyses by examining and struggling with concepts rather than succumbing to binarial mores.
The Queer Archivist as Political Dissident
Authors: Altιnay Rüstem Ertuğ
Published: June 2015

This essay presents an overview of the Turkish historian Reşad Ekrem Koçu's (1905–1975) life and works in relation to the dynamics of modernization, archiving, and nation building in Turkey. Analyzing the ramifications of these processes on the politics of historiography, the essay discusses how Koçu's archival practice, guided by his melancholia for the Ottoman Empire, operated as both a form of political resistance and a strategy for queer self-making. Focusing on the conservative politics of neo-Ottomanism in contemporary Turkey, the essay investigates the reconfiguration of the political potentials of Koçu's works at the intersection of conflicting political projects. Using the case study of Koçu as a vantage point, the essay also discusses the ambiguities of the queer archive as a political project as well as the study of queer resistance in the humanities.
Evolution of urea transporters in vertebrates: adaptation to urea's multiple roles and metabolic sources
Authors: LeMoine Christophe M. R. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: June 2015

In the two decades since the first cloning of the mammalian kidney urea transporter (UT-A), UT genes have been identified in a plethora of organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to metazoans. In this review, focusing mainly on vertebrates, we first reiterate the multiple catabolic and anabolic pathways that produce urea, then we reconstruct the phylogenetic history of UTs, and finally we examine the tissue distribution of UTs in selected vertebrate species. Our analysis reveals that from an ancestral UT, three homologues evolved in piscine lineages (UT-A, UT-C and UT-D), followed by a subsequent reduction to a single UT-A in lobe-finned fish and amphibians. A later internal tandem duplication of UT-A occurred in the amniote lineage (UT-A1), followed by a second tandem duplication in mammals to give rise to UT-B. While the expected UT expression is evident in excretory and osmoregulatory tissues in ureotelic taxa, UTs are also expressed ubiquitously in non-ureotelic taxa, and in tissues without a complete ornithine–urea cycle (OUC). We posit that non-OUC production of urea from arginine by arginase, an important pathway to generate ornithine for synthesis of molecules such as polyamines for highly proliferative tissues (e.g. testis, embryos), and neurotransmitters such as glutamate for neural tissues, is an important evolutionary driving force for the expression of UTs in these taxa and tissues.
Co-evolution of proteins and solutions: protein adaptation versus cytoprotective micromolecules and their roles in marine organisms
Authors: Yancey Paul H. , Siebenaller Joseph F.
Published: June 2015

Organisms experience a wide range of environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and hydrostatic pressure, which pose challenges to biochemical processes. Studies on adaptations to such factors have largely focused on macromolecules, especially intrinsic adaptations in protein structure and function. However, micromolecular cosolutes can act as cytoprotectants in the cellular milieu to affect biochemical function and they are now recognized as important extrinsic adaptations. These solutes, both inorganic and organic, have been best characterized as osmolytes, which accumulate to reduce osmotic water loss. Singly, and in combination, many cosolutes have properties beyond simple osmotic effects, e.g. altering the stability and function of proteins in the face of numerous stressors. A key example is the marine osmolyte trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), which appears to enhance water structure and is excluded from peptide backbones, favoring protein folding and stability and counteracting destabilizers like urea and temperature. Co-evolution of intrinsic and extrinsic adaptations is illustrated with high hydrostatic pressure in deep-living organisms. Cytosolic and membrane proteins and G-protein-coupled signal transduction in fishes under pressure show inhibited function and stability, while revealing a number of intrinsic adaptations in deep species. Yet, intrinsic adaptations are often incomplete, and those fishes accumulate TMAO linearly with depth, suggesting a role for TMAO as an extrinsic ‘piezolyte’ or pressure cosolute. Indeed, TMAO is able to counteract the inhibitory effects of pressure on the stability and function of many proteins. Other cosolutes are cytoprotective in other ways, such as via antioxidation. Such observations highlight the importance of considering the cellular milieu in biochemical and cellular adaptation.
Giving microbes their due – animal life in a microbially dominant world
Authors: McFall-Ngai Margaret J.
Published: June 2015

The new technology of next-generation sequencing is changing our perceptions of the form and function of the biological world. The emerging data reveal an array of microbes that is more vast and more central to all biological processes than previously appreciated. Further, evidence is accumulating that the alliances of microbes with one another and with constituents of the macrobiological world are critical for the health of the biosphere. This contribution summarizes the basic arguments as to why, when considering the biochemical adaptations of animals, we should integrate the roles of their microbial partners.
Physiological strategies during animal diapause: lessons from brine shrimp and annual killifish
Authors: Podrabsky Jason E. , Hand Steven C.
Published: June 2015

Diapause is a programmed state of developmental arrest that typically occurs as part of the natural developmental progression of organisms that inhabit seasonal environments. The brine shrimp Artemia franciscana and annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus share strikingly similar life histories that include embryonic diapause as a means to synchronize the growth and reproduction phases of their life history to favorable environmental conditions. In both species, respiration rate is severely depressed during diapause and thus alterations in mitochondrial physiology are a key component of the suite of characters associated with cessation of development. Here, we use these two species to illustrate the basic principles of metabolic depression at the physiological and biochemical levels. It is clear that these two species use divergent molecular mechanisms to achieve the same physiological and ecological outcomes. This pattern of convergent physiological strategies supports the importance of biochemical and physiological adaptations to cope with extreme environmental stress and suggests that inferring mechanism from transcriptomics or proteomics or metabolomics alone, without rigorous follow-up at the biochemical and physiological levels, could lead to erroneous conclusions.
The environmentally tuned transcriptomes ofMytilusmussels
Authors: Lockwood Brent L. , Connor Kwasi M. , Gracey Andrew Y.
Published: June 2015

Transcriptomics is a powerful tool for elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the ability of organisms to survive and thrive in dynamic and changing environments. Here, we review the major contributions in this field, and we focus on studies of mussels in the genus Mytilus, which are well-established models for the study of ecological physiology in fluctuating environments. Our review is organized into four main sections. First, we illustrate how the abiotic forces of the intertidal environment drive the rhythmic coupling of gene expression to diel and tidal cycles in Mytilus californianus. Second, we discuss the challenges and pitfalls of conducting transcriptomic studies in field-acclimatized animals. Third, we examine the link between transcriptomic responses to environmental stress and biogeographic distributions in blue mussels, Mytilus trossulus and Mytilus galloprovincialis. Fourth, we present a comparison of transcriptomic datasets and identify 175 genes that share common responses to heat stress across Mytilus species. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that transcriptomics can provide an informative snapshot of the physiological state of an organism within an environmental context. In a comparative framework, transcriptomics can reveal how natural selection has shaped patterns of transcriptional regulation that may ultimately influence biogeography.
Otra forma de decir
Authors: Cabrera Sofía
Published: June 2015

La Casa Viuda de Doris Salcedo es el punto de partida para una reflexión sobre el ser político del arte, desde el silencio de la conmemoración. Esta obra despliega una relación esencial entre el espacio existencial y el espacio artístico que rastreamos en tres direcciones: como un espacio histórico y fenoménico en la concepción del espacio como acontecimiento, en la relación ontológica y comunicativa del arte y la cultura que pone la obra como presentación y como representación y en el carácter transgresor de la obra que conmemora el espacio y el dolor del otro
Fluorescence and excited state dynamics of the deprotonated Schiff base retinal in proteorhodopsin
Authors: Bühl Elena , Braun Markus , Lakatos Andrea , Glaubitz Clemens , Wachtveitl Josef
Published: June 2015

The UV light absorbing species of proteorhodopsin with deprotonated Schiff base retinal was investigated using steady-state fluorescence and femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Compared to the all-trans retinal with protonated Schiff base, the deprotonated chromophore absorbs at 365 nm and exhibits a blue-shifted fluorescence spectrum. The unusually long-lived excited state decays bi-exponentially with time constants of 8 ps and 130 ps to form a deprotonated 13-cis retinal as the primary photo-product.
Protein aggregate formation in oligodendrocytes: tau and the cytoskeleton at the intersection of neuroprotection and neurodegeneration
Authors: Richter-Landsberg Christiane
Published: June 2015

Oligodendrocytes are dependent on an intact, dynamic microtubule (MT) network, which participates in the elaboration and stabilization of myelin forming extensions, and is essential for cellular sorting processes. The microtubule-associated protein tau is constituent of oligodendrocytes. During culture maturation it is developmentally regulated and important for MT stability, MT formation and intracellular trafficking. Downregulation of tau impairs process outgrowth and the transport of myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA to the cell periphery. Cells fail to differentiate into MBP-expressing, sheet-forming oligodendrocytes. Tau-positive inclusions originating in oligodendrocytes and white matter pathology are prominent in frontotemporal dementias, such as Pick’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. An impairment or overload of the proteolytic degradation systems, i.e. the ubiquitin proteasomal system and the lysosomal degradation pathway, has been connected to the formation of protein aggregates. Large protein aggregates are excluded from the proteasome and degraded by autophagy, which is a highly selective process and requires receptor proteins for ubiquitinated proteins, including histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). HDAC6 is present in oligodendrocytes, and α-tubulin and tau are substrates of HDAC6. In this review our current knowledge of the role of tau and protein aggregate formation in oligodendrocyte cell culture systems is summarized.
The encoding of addressee’s perspective in Kakataibo (Panoan, Peru)
Authors: Zariquiey Roberto
Published: June 2015

This paper studies forms attested in Kakataibo (Panoan, Peru) for situating the information presented by the speaker from the perspective of the addressee. The constructions discussed can satisfactorily be accounted for by means of the notions of epistemic status and epistemic stance, which have to do with the knowing status of speech act participants and how it is expressed in grammar. Salient characteristics of the mechanisms used in Kakataibo to encode addressee’s perspective are the diversity of the relevant forms, which come from two different paradigms, and the semantic and pragmatic features that play a role in their distribution.
Identificación de especies de Meloidogyne asociadas a plantas ornamentales de altura en Costa Rica.
Authors: Solano-González Stefany , Esquivel-Hernández Alejandro , Molina-Bravo Ramón , Morera-Brenes Bernal
Published: June 2015

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar especies de nematodos del género Meloidogyne asociadas a plantas ornamentales de altura. El estudio se realizó en el cantón de San Isidro de Heredia, Costa Rica, en un vivero comercial durante el periodo 2011-2012, en diez especies de plantas. Para la identificación se utilizaron mediciones morfométricas de la longitud del estilete, tamaño de cola y región hialina de los juveniles en segundo estado de desarrollo (J2); también se obtuvieron diseños perineales de hembras ovígeras. Se extrajo ADN genómico de un solo individuo J2 y se realizaron análisis mediante la amplificación del espacio intergénico entre la subunidad II del citocromo oxidasa (COII) y la subunidad larga del gen ARN ribosomal mediante la técnica PCR-RFLP. La integración de estos métodos permitió identificar cinco especies de nematodos del género Meloidogyne (M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. hispanica, M. incognita, M. javanica), y se reportaron nuevos patrones de restricción con la enzima AluI para M. hapla y M. javanica. Además se obtuvo el reporte preliminar de M. hispanica, descrito mediante la secuenciación de las regiones del 18S y 28S.
Oxifertirrigación química mediante riego en tomate hidropónico cultivado en invernadero.
Authors: Soto-Bravo Freddy
Published: June 2015

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) como fuente de oxígeno en la rizosfera, en tomate injertado (cv. Durinta/cv. Maxifor) y utilizando fibra de coco como sustrato. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre los años 2009 y 2010. Se utilizaron dos tratamientos: un control sin H2O2 (T0) y otro con H2O2 (T1) aplicado en cada riego. Se evaluaron parámetros de: i- fertirrigación: oxígeno (O2), pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE) y porcentaje de drenaje; ii- crecimiento: diámetro basal y altura de planta; iii- rendimiento y iv- calidad de fruto: firmeza, grados Brix, peso seco y pH. Durante el ciclo de vida del cultivo, el valor promedio de [O2] en la solución de riego fue 9,92 mg/l en T0 y 12,1 mg/l en T1, mientras que en la solución drenada la [O2] fue de 8,75 mg/l en T0 y de 9,22 mg/l en T1. Aunque se presentaron diferencias significativas (P<0,05) en [O2] entre tratamientos durante algunos periodos del ciclo de cultivo, en el T0 la [O2] no alcanzó un valor crítico que afectara la adecuada oxigenación de las raíces. Por tanto, no hubo efecto del tratamiento con peróxido de hidrógeno (T1) sobre parámetros de fertirrigación, crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad del fruto del cultivo.
Efecto de las enmiendas líquidas en un Ultisol cultivado con sorgo.
Authors: Camacho Manuel E. , Cabalceta-Aguilar Gilberto , Molina-Rojas Eloy
Published: June 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de enmiendas líquidas en un Ultisol cultivado con sorgo. Esta investigación se realizó entre agosto y noviembre del 2011 en el Centro de Investigaciones Agronómicas, San José, Costa Rica. En potes de 800 ml de un Ultisol sembrado con sorgo, se aplicaron los siguientes tratamientos: testigo sin cal, carbonato de calcio en dosis de 10 y 20 l/ha, óxido de magnesio en dosis de 10 y 20 l/ha, carbonato de calcio + óxido de magnesio en dosis de 5 + 5 y 10 + 10 l/ha, respectivamente. Las plantas fueron cosechadas a las seis semanas, a las que se les determinó área foliar, peso seco y fresco de biomasa aérea y radicular, absorción de nutrimentos y características químicas del suelo. Los tratamientos de carbonato de calcio y en mezcla con óxido de magnesio obtuvieron los mejores valores de área foliar y los valores más altos de peso fresco y seco tanto para raíz como parte aérea del sorgo. No hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos de cal líquida pero si con respecto al testigo sin cal con las variables de peso de biomasa. El carbonato de calcio líquido aumentó la absorción de Ca de forma significativa, y el tratamiento de carbonato + óxido en dosis de 10 l/ha presentó la mayor absorción de Mg. Todos los tratamientos de enmiendas causaron un mejoramiento de la fertilidad del suelo, siendo el más destacado de ellos el tratamiento de óxido de magnesio en dosis de 20 l/ha, que disminuyó la acidez intercambiable de 9,02 a 0,36 cmol(+)/l, el porcentaje de saturación de acidez bajó de 95 a 3,3% y aumentó el pH de 5,0 a 5,7. Se concluyó que las enmiendas líquidas tuvieron efecto positivo sobre el cultivo indicador y la fertilidad del suelo.
La harina de cefalotórax de camarón en raciones para gallinas ponedoras.
Authors: Salas-Durán Catalina , Chacón-Villalobos Alejandro , Zamora-Sánchez Laura
Published: June 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la harina de cefalotórax de camarón (HC) sobre las raciones de gallinas ponedoras comerciales. Entre abril y septiembre de 2013, en Costa Rica, se empleó Pleuroncodes planipes para obtener una harina (HC) con un rendimiento de 15%, tamaño de partícula de 256 mg y negativa para Salmonella sp. A la HC se le realizó análisis proximal: proteína cruda (40,67%), extracto etéreo (11,05%), fibra cruda (7,12%), cenizas (27,48%), calcio (9,03%), fósforo (2,66%); perfil de aminoácidos, digestibilidad por pepsina (84%) y acidez (8,34). Posteriormente, se realizó un ensayo con 140 gallinas Hy-Line Brown, con 40 semanas de edad, alimentadas durante cuatro semanas con cuatro dietas con niveles crecientes de inclusión de HC (0%, 5%, 10% y 15%), y formuladas según el concepto de proteína ideal y aminoácidos digestibles, manteniéndose isocalóricas e isoprotéicas. Se evaluaron experimentalmente las variables: producción porcentual, consumo de alimento, peso corporal, mortalidad, peso de huevo y conversión alimenticia. Solamente el peso de huevo varió significativamente entre tratamientos en la tercera semana (p<0,05), presentando las aves suplementadas con 5% de HC un mayor peso. Se sugiere evaluar la inclusión de HC hasta en un 15%.
Cribado de la actividad antimicrobiana de plantas panameñas de la familia Fabaceae
Authors: Gómez Leija Leandra , Espino Castillero Carmen , Guerrero De León Estela , Morán Pinzón Juan , López Pérez José Luis , Montenegro Navarro Gisela , Olmedo Agudo Dionisio , Gupta Mahabir Prashad
Published: June 2015

Extractos metanólicos de seis plantas pertenecientes a la familia Fabaceae, Albizia adinocephala (J.D.Sm.) Britt. & Rose, Dalbergia brownei (Jacq.) Schinz, Diplotropis purpurea (Rich.) Amshoff, Machaeriumsp., Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. y de Ormosia coccinea (Aubl.) Jacks, fueron evaluados por el método de dilución en agar en busca de propiedades antimicrobianas. Albizia adinocephala mostró una marcada actividad frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM) a concentraciones de 250 y 125 µg/mL, respectivamente; a 500µg/mL, inhibió marcadamente a Escherichia coli y Bacillus subtilis. La actividad de Ormosia coccinea frente a Klebsiella pneumoniae y Staphylococcus aureus fue marcada a 250µg/mL y demostró una actividad entre moderada y marcada frente a cepas resistentes de Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasa (KPC) y SARM (1000 y 500 µg/mL, respectivamente). Machaerium sp. produjo una marcada actividad frente a todas las cepasGram positivas empleadas, resaltando su capacidad para inhibir a SARM (1000µg/mL). De Diplotropis purpurea y Macroptilium lathyroides es preciso resaltar su actividad frente a Klebsiella pneumoniae y Bacillus subtilis, respectivamente. Debido a su capacidad para inhibir SARM, Albizia adinocephala, Machaerium sp. y Ormosia coccinea, que además inhibió KPC, son las especies más interesantes para futuros estudios biodirigidos encaminados a aislar e identificar los principios bioactivos.
Vismodegib y la vía del Sonic Hedgehog
Authors: Miranda Chacón Zaray , Roldán Abellán Berny
Published: June 2015

La vía de señalización del Sonic Hedgehog fue descrita a mediados de los noventas, su implicación en los procesos de desarrollo embrionario desde etapas tempranas lo centró en la investigación de la biología molecular. La vía promueve procesos de diferenciación y proliferación celular, a partir de lo cual se describió su papel en la oncogénesis, principalmente en el carcinoma basocelular. Se desarrollaron moléculas para bloquear la vía del hedgehog, con el objeto de crear tratamientos para este tipo específico de cáncer. El Vismodegib es un inhibidor de la vía del hedgehog que ha demostrado eficacia en el tratamiento del carcinoma basocelularmetastásico y localmente avanzado. Actualmente se continúa la investigación de estos agentes para el tratamiento de otros tipos de neoplasias.
Az evészavarok és a személyiség kapcsolata a középiskolás korosztályban
Authors: Ludányi Balázs , Szabó Pál
Published: June 2015

Absztrakt

Elméleti háttér: Az evészavarok kialakulásában, fennmaradásában
és gyógyulásában számos biológiai, pszichológiai és szociokulturális tényező
játszik szerepet. Ezek egyike a személyiség, melynek szerepét több korábbi
tanulmány is megerősítette. Cél: Az evészavartüneteknek és az
evési attitűdöknek a személyiségjegyekkel való kapcsolatának vizsgálata
középiskolások körében. Módszerek: Az evési attitűdök és az
evészavartünetek vizsgálatára az Evési Attitűdök Tesztje (EAT), az
Evészavartünetek Súlyossági Skálája (EBSS), a Testi Elégedettség Kérdőív (BSQ)
módosított változata és az Emberalakrajzok Tesztjének junior változata szolgált,
míg a személyiség vizsgálatára a Cloninger-féle Temperamentum és Karakter
Kérdőív Junior (JTCI) változata került felhasználásra.
Eredmények: A kérdőíveket 7—12. osztályos (12—19 éves)
tanulók (az életkor átlaga: 15,7 ± 1,6) töltötték ki, önként és név nélkül (n =
741, 311 fiú, 430 lány). A lányoknál az újdonságkeresés és az ártalomkerülés
dimenziója pozitív korrelációt mutat az EAT két alskálájával (újdonságkeresés és
diétázás: r = 0,13, p = 0,012; ártalomkerülés és diétázás: r = 0,11, p = 0,036;
újdonságkeresés és bulimia: r = 0,14, p = 0,004; ártalomkerülés és bulimia: r =
0,14, p = 0,006) és az EAT összpontszámával (újdonságkeresés és
EAT-összpontszám: r = 0,13, p = 0,011; ártalomkerülés és EAT-összpontszám: r =
0,13, p = 0,008). A falásrohamok is pozitívan korreláltak a JTCI
újdonságkeresést és ártalomkerülést mérő faktorával. Az önirányítottság és
együttműködés alskála értéke viszont negatív korrelációban van az EAT fenti
alskáláival és az összpontszámmal (önirányítottság és diétázás: r = —0,21, p
< 0,001; önirányítottság és bulimia: r = —0,26, p < 0,001; önirányítottság
és EAT-összpontszám: r = —0,18, p < 0,001, illetve együttműködés és diétázás:
r = —0,11, p = 0,035; együttműködés és bulimia: r = —0,12, p = 0,022;
együttműködés és EAT-összpontszám: r = —0,10, p = 0,06), továbbá a
falásrohamokkal (önirányítottság és falásroham-gyakoriság: r = —0,24, p <
0,001; együttműködés és falásroham-gyakoriság: r = —0,09, p = 0,07). Az
evészavarral és az evészavartünetekkel rendelkező csoport szignifikánsan
különbözött a tünetmentesek csoportjától a JTCI faktoraiban mindkét nemnél.
Következtetések: A kóros evési attitűdök magasabb
újdonságkereséssel és ártalomkerüléssel, alacsonyabb önirányítottsággal és
együttműködéssel járnak együtt. A magas újdonságkeresés kapcsolatban áll a
falásrohamokkal és a diétázással, a magas ártalomkerüléssel rendelkezők
elégedetlenebbek a testükkel. A magas önirányítottságot mutatóknál nincsenek
patológiás evési attitűdök, és ők elégedettebbek a testükkel. Az eredmények
hasznosak lehetnek abban, hogy hatékonyabb prevenciós és kezelési módszereket
alkalmazzunk az evészavarokkal kapcsolatban.
A Koppenhágai Kérdőív a Munkahelyi Pszichoszociális Tényezőkről II (COPSOQ II) magyar verziójának pszichometriai jellemzői
Authors: Nistor Katalin , Ádám Szilvia , Cserháti Zoltán , Szabó Anita , Zakor Tünde , Stauder Adrienne
Published: June 2015

Absztrakt

Elméleti háttér: A munkahelyi stressz negatív egészségi hatásait
számos nemzetközi és hazai tanulmány igazolja. Hazánkban a Munkavédelmi Törvény
2008-tól előírja, hogy a munkáltató kötelessége a pszichoszociális kockázat
felmérése, eddig azonban nem volt célzottan alkalmas, validált magyar nyelvű
kérdőív a törvényi előírás betartására. A COPSOQ II kérdőív 28 skála és 7
dimenzió mentén vizsgálja a munkahelyi pszichoszociális kockázati tényezőket,
valamint az egészségi állapot egyes mutatóit (pl. kiégés, stressz, alvászavar).
Célkitűzés: A nemzetközi kutatási és kockázatértékelési
gyakorlatban széles körben elismert COPSOQ II (Copenhagen Psychosocial
Questionnaire II) kérdőív magyar adaptációja és validálása.
Módszerek: A mintát 527 fő képezte (25,9% férfi; 74,1% nő;
átlagéletkor 35,6 ± 9,9 év), akik a fordítást és lingvisztikai tesztelést
követően kitöltötték az online kérdőívet. A belső konzisztencia vizsgálathoz
Cronbach-alfa-mutatókat elemeztünk, majd feltáró faktorelemzést végeztünk. A
kérdőív időbeli megbízhatóságát a teszt-reteszt mutatók vizsgálatával
ellenőriztük. A konvergens érvényesség vizsgálatához az Erőfeszítés—Jutalom
Egyensúlytalanság Kérdőívet, a Munkahelyi Környezeti Kérdőívet, az Észlelt
Stressz Kérdőívet és a WHO Jól-lét Skálát használtuk. A COPSOQ II kockázati
skáláinak összefüggéseit a COPSOQ II egészségi állapotot és jóllétet mérő
skáláival Spearman-féle korrelációs módszerrel vizsgáltuk.
Eredmények: A kérdőív belső konzisztenciája jó
(Cronbach-alfa 0,68 és 0,90 között), a teszt-reteszt megbízhatósága megfelelő
(ICC: 0,72—0,90). A COPSOQ II egyes skálái közepesen erős vagy erős korrelációt
mutattak a referencia-kérdőívek megfelelő skáláival (r = 0,48—0,75). A feltáró
faktorelemzés eredményei alapján az adaptált kérdőív itemei négy faktor mentén
rendeződtek: Munkahelyi követelmények, Szervezet és munkakör, Együttműködés és
vezetés, Bizalmi légkör, melyek magyarázott kumulatív variancia értéke 65% volt.
Minden COPSOQ II skála szignifikáns, többségében közepesen erős összefüggést
mutatott a következmény-változókkal. A COPSOQ II kérdőív pszichoszociális
kockázatot vizsgáló skálái rendre szignifikáns (p < 0,001), többségében
közepesen erős vagy gyenge összefüggésben állnak a COPSOQ II egészségi állapotot
és jóllétet mérő skáláival. Következtetések: A COPSOQ II magyar
verziója jó megbízhatósággal és érvényességgel rendelkezik, alkalmas a
munkahelyi pszichoszociális kockázati tényezők széles körű felmérésére és
nemzetközi összehasonlító vizsgálatok megvalósítására.
Wherefore and whither a Check List? The journal at the age of 10
Authors: Provete Diogo B.
Published: June 2015

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Label-Free Rapid Detection of Pathogens with Antimicrobial Peptide Assisted Impedance Spectrometry
Authors: Jiang Keren , Etayash Hashem , Azmi Sarfuddin , Thakur Garima , Naicker Selvaraj , Kaur Kamaljit , Thundat Thomas
Published: June 2015

An urgent need exist for developing handheld devices for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection method for pathogens. Here we demonstrate a rapid detection method for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using an impedance sensor array functionalized with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This impedance sensor screens pathogens in real-time and has comparable sensitivity with current detection methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoassay. Functionalized electrodes in array selectively bind to the corresponding bacteria strains, resulting in variations in the impedance modulus. Impedance variation is used to detect incubated bacterial cell concentration with a resolution of 1 cell µL-1. The dynamic range of detection for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is found to be 103-106cfu mL-1. Micropatterned electrodes modified with AMPs in an impedimetric array offer an excellent platform for rapid and selective detection of pathogens in contaminated water and food products.
Net ion fluxes and ammonia excretion during transport of Rhamdia quelen juveniles
Authors: Garcia Luciano de Oliveira , Barcellos Leonardo José Gil , Baldisserotto Bernardo
Published: June 2015

The objective of this study was to verify net ion fluxes and ammonia excretion in silver catfish transported in plastic bags at three different loading densities: 221, 286 and 365g L-1 for 5h. A water sample was collected at the beginning and at the end of the transport for analysis of water parameters. There was a significant positive relationship between net ion effluxes and negative relationship between ammonia excretion and loading density, demonstrated by the following equations: Na+: y-24.5-0.27x, r2=0.99, Cl-: y=40.2-0.61x, r2=0.98, K+: y=8.0-27.6x, r2=0.94; ammonia excretion: y=-11.43+0.017x, r2=0.95, where y: net ion flux (mmol kg-1 h-1) or ammonia excretion (mg kg-1 h-1) and x: loading density (g). Therefore, the increase of loading density increases net ion loss, but reduces ammonia excretion during the transport of silver catfish, indicating the possibility of ammonia accumulation
Screening of plant growth promoting bacteria associated with barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivated in South Brazil
Authors: Pontes Andress P. , Souza Rocheli de , Granada Camille E. , Passaglia Luciane M.P.
Published: June 2015

The occurrence of associations between bacteria and plant roots may be beneficial, neutral or detrimental. Plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria form a heterogeneous group of beneficial microorganisms that can be found in the rhizosphere, the root surfaces or in association with host plant. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize PGP bacteria associated to barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) aiming a future application as agricultural inoculant. One hundred and sixty bacterial strains were isolated from roots or rhizospheric soil of barley based on their growth in nitrogen-free selective media. They were evaluated for their ability to produce indolic compounds (ICs) and siderophores, and to solubilize tricalcium phosphate inin vitro assays. Most of them (74%) were able to synthesize ICs in the presence of the precursor L-tryptophan, while 57% of the isolates produced siderophores in Fe-limited liquid medium, and 17% were able to solubilize tricalcium phosphate. Thirty-two isolates possessing different PGP characteristics were identified by partial sequencing of their 16S rRNA gene. Strains belonging to Cedecea andMicrobacterium genera promoted the growth of barley plants in insoluble phosphate conditions, indicating that these bacteria could be used as bioinoculants contributing to decrease the amount of fertilizers applied in barley crops.