bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Diorama Learning Media Towards Learning Motivation of Students in Class X IPS 2
Authors: Fitri Imelda Setya , Zulfan Zulfan , Rosita Dara
Published: March 2022

The research entitled The Use of Diorama Learning Media on Student Motivation in Class X Social Sciences 2 SMA Negeri 1 Rundeng District". This study aims to determine the effect of using diorama learning media on students' motivation to learn history at SMA Negeri 1 Rundeng District. This study uses a qualitative approach while the type of research is descriptive. The subjects in this study were all students of class X IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Rundeng District, totaling 17 students. Sampling technique using purposive sample or sample purpose. selecting this sample was based on the teacher's reference which allowed the data collection techniques to be used were observation, interviews and documentation.Meanwhile, the data analysis technique in this study begins with data reduction, then data model (data display), and ends with verification (conclusion) Based on the data analysis carried out, the average level of motivation obtained by students in class X IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 R undeng District is highly motivated. Based on the calculation of the percentage scores obtained by students in class X IPS 2 consisting of 82%, 90%, 94%, 96%, 98%, 100% and if added as a whole, the average percentage score is 88%, the results fall into the category very motivated. It can be concluded that there is an effect of using diorama learning media on the motivation to learn the history of students in class X IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Rundeng District.
Loyang Mendale and Loyang Ujung Karang Sites and Their Potential as Sources for Learning History
Authors: Prasetiya Angga , Ediyono Suryo
Published: March 2022

This study aims to describe how the Loyang Mendale and Loyang Ujung Karang sites, based on their relics have the potential as a source of historical learning. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Sources of literature in the study came from scientific articles and books related to the excavation results of the Loyang Mendale and Loyang Ujung Karang sites. The results of this study are to describe findings of Hoabinh cultural tools from the Mesolithic period, to Austronesian cultural tools from the Neolithic period at both sites. Based on the results of the archaeological finds, the Loyang Mendale and Ujung Karang sites have the potential to be used as sources for learning history, and can be grouped into KD 3.4 and 4. 4 in the Indonesian History subject class X with the teaching material of prehistoric Life in Indonesia. Learning history by using local pre-historic cultural relics is expected to foster students' interest in loving the history of their area.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.) AKIBAT PEMBERIAN MACAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG
Authors: Junaidi  , Supandji  , Hadiyanti Nugraheni
Published: March 2022

Cucumber is one of the important vegetable commodities that have high nutritional value and is alternative medicine. To increase the productivity of both plants and the land where plants are grown, organic fertilization is needed. Manure is an organic fertilizer to increase soil fertility so that plant growth increases. Giving different types of manure with different doses will result in different plant growth and development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction between the type and dose of manure treatment on the growth and production of cucumbers. This study is a factorial experiment with two factors, which were arranged according to a completely randomized design (CRD) and repeated 3 (three) times. The first factor is the type of manure consisting of 3 levels, namely: chicken manure (K1), cow manure (K2), and goat manure (K3). The second factor is the dose of manure which consists of 3 levels, namely: 10 tons/ha (D1), 15 tons/ha (D2), and 20 tons/ha (D3). Observational data were analyzed by analysis of variance to determine the effect of the treatment on the observed parameters. After knowing the effect of treatment on the observed parameters, it is continued with the Least Significant Difference (BNT) test at the 5% level if it is significantly different. The combination of types and doses of manure significantly affected plant height, number, and leaf area at the age of observation 21 and 28 DAP, number of fruits, and fruit production per plant.   The combination of the type of manure and the dose of manures did not significantly affect the number of leaves at 14 days of age, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit weight. The combination of goat manure at a dose of 20 tons/ha resulted in the best growth and production of cucumbers.
The Provenance of Raw Materials of the Second Complex (2018) of Stone Casting Moulds from the Archaeological Monument of Tokivske-1 (Ukraine)
Authors:   Dnipro University of Technology, 19, Dmytro Yavornytskyi Avenue, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine, Nikitenko Ihor S. , Starik Oleksandr V. ,   Dmytro Yavornytsky National Historical Museum of Dnipro, 18, Dmytro Yavornytskyi Avenue, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine, Ganotskiy Vladimir I. ,   Dnipro University of Technology, 19, Dmytro Yavornytskyi Avenue, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
Published: March 2022

Petrographic research was undertaken on the second casting moulds complex discovered in 2018 at the archaeological monument Tokivske-1 in Ukraine. Metalworking of the Late Bronze Age in the Northern Black Sea region is known for its utilisation of stone moulds made from meta-ultrabasites (“talc schists”) by representatives of the Sabatynivka culture. Field investigations in the vicinity of Tokivske indicated the probable place of stone mining, from where a considerable part of the casting moulds under study were made. The discovery of the place of stone mining near Tokivske-1 and finds of similar moulds in other regions give grounds for considering the monument to be not only a centre of metalworking but also stone-processing. The obtained data are also the first geologically proved evidence that the Kryvyi Rih area, which was previously considered the main supplier of “talc schists”, was not the only place of mining of raw materials for the manufacturing of casting moulds in the Middle Dnipro area. Both complexes, the second and the previous one, found in 2017, contain matrices made of identical raw materials, namely, the samples made are untypical for the Middle Dnipro area species. This fact indicates the synchronicity of both complexes and a significant volume of casting production in Tokivske-1.
Copper Supply Networks in the Early Bronze Age of South-east Spain: New Evidence from the Lower Segura Valley
Authors:   Queen’s University Belfast, School of Natural and Built Environment, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom, Brandherm Dirk , Montero Ruiz Ignacio ,   Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Historia, Calle Albasanz 26–28, E-28037 Madrid, Spain, Müller-Kissing Milena ,   Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Institut für Archäologische Wissenschaften, Am Bergbaumuseum 31, D-44791 Bochum, Germany, Maass Alexander ,   Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Arbeitsstelle Montanarchäologie, Bergtal 18, D-38640 Goslar, Germany, Diz Ardid Emilio ,   Museo Arqueológico Comarcal de Orihuela, Calle Hospital 3–5, E-03300 Orihuela, Spain
Published: March 2022

The range of copper sources and the nature of metal supply networks used by the El Argar culture of south-east Spain have been the subject of a long-running debate. On one side of this debate we have a model that envisages supply for much of the El Argar culture coming from a closely circumscribed region and controlled centrally by a political élite, while on the other side we have a model of a more decentralised supply network drawing on a wider, geographically more dispersed range of ore sources that is lacking the same level of political control. The available archaeometallurgical data are not entirely conclusive in this respect. While results from the existing, comparatively small body of lead isotope analyses have been taken to support, at least to some extent, the idea of a single main source region supplying most if not all of the El Argar culture area with copper, results from the much larger but not easily interpreted body of minor-element analyses would appear to lend support to the notion of a more decentralised supply. In this contribution we present new analytical data from the Lower Segura Valley, both from local copper ores and from local El Argar artefacts, which provide new insights relevant to this debate.
Cross-sectional study of acral melanoma awareness in a group of South African final phase medical students
Authors: Eksteen Johanna M. , Visser Willem I. , de Wet Johann , Lombard Carl , Zunza Moleen , Tod Bianca
Published: March 2022

Background:

Acral melanoma refers to melanoma arising on the palms, soles and nail unit, which are sun-protected areas and ultraviolet exposure is not a risk factor. Acral melanoma is associated with a poorer prognosis than other melanoma subtypes most likely due to the high rates of delayed diagnosis. Acral melanoma affects all skin types equally. There is a misconception that people with more pigmented skin types (Fitzpatrick 4–6) do not develop melanoma, due to the protective effect of melanin.

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to determine acral melanoma knowledge and awareness of a group of South African, final phase medical students.

Methods:

This was a quantitative and cross-sectional study. A questionnaire consisting of 20 clinical images of skin lesions requiring a diagnosis and management plan was distributed. Responses to six images of melanomas were analysed. Further questions to measure acral melanoma knowledge and related issues were included in the study. A biostatistician appropriately managed statistical analysis.

Results:

Hundred and one final phase medical students’ answers were gathered and analysed. Only 7.9% of the participants diagnosed all six melanomas correctly; 61.4% correctly diagnosed ≥50% of the melanomas. While 77.2% of the participants identified all non-acral cutaneous melanoma correctly, only 8.9% identified all acral melanomas. However, of all participants making the correct diagnosis, >90% selected the appropriate management plan (urgent referral).

Limitations:

This study examined a small sample of trainee healthcare workers. The results cannot be assumed to apply to all South African healthcare workers. Responses given in a questionnaire may not reflect actual behaviour. The dermatology division in question has made acral melanoma a research priority, thus acral melanoma knowledge in this group may in fact be better than in other institutions.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrates that groups of imminent doctors have low rates of recognition of melanoma, particularly acral melanoma. This is consistent with high levels of primary misdiagnosis of acral melanoma reported in the literature. Fortunately, these participants managed the melanomas they diagnosed appropriately in >90% of cases. This confirms that the deficit in the participant group is awareness and knowledge. Those aware of the disease immediately acknowledged the need for urgent referral.
Periostinin Periodontal Dokular Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TÜTER Gulay , KARA Gülşah
Published: March 2022

Periodontal dokuların bütünlüğünün sağlanması ve korunması için gerekli bir protein olan periostin; periodontal ligament (PDL), iskelet kası, adipoz doku, tendonlar, deri ve kemik gibi kolajenden zengin bağ dokularında üretilir. Lokalize olduğu yapılardan yola çıkılarak periostinin biyolojik fonksiyonları kardiyovasküler rahatsızlıklar ve onkoloji gibi alanlarda da incelenmiştir.

Periodontal ligamentten yüksek oranda salgılanan periostin periodontal dokuların bütünlüğünde, diş ve alveoler kemik gelişiminde kritik rol oynar. İlaveten, periostin periodontal dokulardaki yara iyileşmesinde ve periodontal dokuların bütünlüğünü korumada etkin bir proteindir ve hücrelerin göçüne, adezyonuna, farklılaşmasına ve hücreler arası bağlantılara öncülük eder. Bu derlemede periostinin çeşitli fonksiyonlarının periodontal dokular üzerindeki etkisinin

değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Konut piyasasında çoklu balon oluşumu: Türkiye geneli ve TR71 bölgesinden ampirik deliller
Authors: KARTAL Gökhan
Published: March 2022

Konut piyasasındaki balon oluşumları nedeniyle ABD’de başlayan Mortgage Krizinin küresel ölçekte tarihteki en önemli mali krizlerinden birisine dönüşmesi, konut piyasasındaki balonların makroekonomik sonuçları konusunda dramatik bir tecrübe oluşturmuştur. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmada Türkiye Genelinin yanı sıra Niğde, Nevşehir, Aksaray, Kırşehir ve Kırıkkale’nin yer aldığı TR71 Bölgesinde Ocak 2010-Temmuz 2021 arası dönemde konut piyasasında balonlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda konut piyasasında çoklu balonların tespiti için Genelleştirilmiş SADF yöntemi kullanılırken, balon oluşumlarının başlangıç ve bitiş tarihlerinin tespiti için Backwards SADF yöntemi kullanılmıştır. GSADF testi her iki örneklem için de konut piyasasında balonların varlığını göstermektedir. BSADF testi sonuçlarına göre ise, veri dönemde Türkiye Geneli için 2013A02-2013A12, 2014A06-2017A07, 2018A02-2019A10 ve 2020A06-2020A08 olmak üzere 4 ve TR71 Bölgesi için 2011A12-2012A01, 2012A11-2013A02 ve 2018A02-2019A06 olmak üzere 3 balon oluşum dönemi tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, balon oluşum dönemlerinde ipotekli konut satışların toplam konut satışları içindeki paylarının keskin bir şekilde azalması ekonomik birimlerin rasyonel davrandıklarının bir işareti olarak kabul edilebileceğinden, bu durumun balon oluşumun muhtemel bir finansal krize dönüşme olasılığını azalttığı ileri sürülebilir. Buna rağmen, ekonomik birimlerin balon oluşumuna gecikmeli olarak tepki vermesi, Türkiye’de konut balonlarının finansal krizlere yol açma ihtimali tamamen ortadan kaldırmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, konut ve finansal piyasalara yönelik regülasyonlarla piyasa sürekli takip etmelidir.
Türk imalat sanayinin genel görünümü ve seçilmiş ülkelerle karşılaştırılması
Authors: BOSTAN Fikret , KARADAĞ Metin
Published: March 2022

Teknolojik yeniliklerin gerçekleştirilerek yüksek katma değerli ürünlerin elde edilmesinde ve böylece pazar payının artırılarak rekabetçi bir avantaj sağlanmasında ülkelerin imalat sanayi hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı Türk imalat sanayinin doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY), ihracat ve teknoloji transferi gibi uluslararası yayılma kanalları ekseninde yenilik göstergeleriyle genel görünümünü ortaya koymak ve seçilmiş dünya ülkeleri ile karşılaştırmalı analizini yapmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, 2009-2016 döneminde faaliyet gösteren firmalara ait mikro düzeyde veriler Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’ndan, seçilmiş ülkelere ait tarihsel süreç içinde ele alınan veriler ise Dünya Bankası’ndan elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, yerli firmaların ağırlıklı olarak düşük ve orta-düşük teknoloji yoğun endüstrilerde; yabancı firmaların ise, orta-yüksek ve yüksek teknoloji yoğun endüstrilerde yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Bunun doğal bir sonucu olarak, Türk imalat sanayinde yenilik faaliyetleri yerli firmalardan ziyade, daha çok yabancı firmalar ekseninde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca, DYY girişleri ve yurtiçi Ar-Ge harcamaları da yeterli düzeyde olmayıp, gelişmekte olan ülkeler ve dünya ortalama değerlerinin gerisinde kalmaktadır.
Peptidoleukotriene Antagonists State of the Art
Authors: Von Sprecher Andreas , Beck Andreas , Gerspacher Marc , Bray Michael A.
Published: March 2022

Peptidoleukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) have been proposed as important mediators of asthma. Twenty years of research in the field of peptidoleukotriene (pLT) antagonists have generated a number of biologically active compounds from different structural classes. Several drugs have been or are currently in clinical trials. The first generation peptidoleukotriene antagonists (e.g. FPL 55712) showed disappointing results in asthmatic patients, due to insufficient potency. However, new classes of highly potent antagonists (e.g. ICI 204219) are proving successfull in clinical trials in asthma patients. Thus, peptidoleukotriene antagonists may represent a new principle in asthma therapy. In this paper, the in vitro potency and clinical data of different classes of peptidoleukotriene antagonists are reviewed.
(Trimethylsilyl)alanine: a Metabolically Stable 'Bio-Isostere' for Phenylalanine
Authors: Weidmann Beat
Published: March 2022

The preparation of protected derivatives of enantiomerically pure β-(trimethylsilyl)alanine (1) and their chemical properties are decribed. Examples of renin inhibitory peptides, containing 1 are given, which demonstrates its use as a 'bio-isosteric' replacement for phenylalanine (2).
Structure of Cyclosporine and Its Metabolites: Total Synthesis of Cyclosporine Metabolites Formed by Oxidation at Positions 4 and 9 of Cyclosporine. Preparation of Leucine-4-cyclosporine, (γ-Hydroxy)-N-methyl-leucine-9-cyclosporine and Leucine-4-(γ-hydroxy)-N-methyl-leucine-9-cyclosporine
Authors: Wenger Roland M. , Martin Kurt , Timbers Charles , Tromelin Anne
Published: March 2022

The syntheses of the cyclosporine metabolites Leu-4-cyclosporine (AM4N), (γ-OH)MeLeu-9-cyclosporine (AM9) and Leu-4-(γ-OH)MeLeu-cyclosporine (AM4N9) were completed. Aspartic acid was used as starting material to prepare peptides containing (γ-OH)MeLeu residues. The structure of metabolite M13 was definitively established as being Leu-4-(γ-OH)MeLeu-9-cyclosporine. The immunosuppressive activity in vitro of these synthesized metabolites was compared with that of cyclosporine and metabolite AM1.
Isosterism and Bioisosterism Case Studies with Muscarinic Agonists
Authors: Floersheim Philipp , Pombo-Villar Esteban , Shapiro Gideon
Published: March 2022

The synthesis and activity of enantiomerically pure analogues of pilocarpine and muscarinic agonists with the azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeleton is described. Structure-activity relationships support a flexible model in which a coulombic interaction as well as two H-bonding interactions
with the receptor are necessary for potent muscarinic agonist activity. In this context, a critical appraisal of the concepts of isosterism and bioisosterism is put forward, isosterism is redefined, and bioisosterism is discarded in favor of the new concept of bioanalogy.
The Fragmentation of 2,3-Dihydroisothiazol-3-one 1,1-Dioxide Derivatives: A Novel Cheletropic Process
Authors: Burri Kaspar F.
Published: March 2022

Adducts obtained by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions to 2,3-dihydroisothiazol-3-one 1,1-dioxides are inclined to undergo a cheletropic process, by which the newly formed heterocyclic part undergoes aromatization, while SO2 is extruded and an isocyanate is generated. The isocyanates are stable under the conditions of their formation, and are subject to standard isocyanate reactions. The process might be employed to synthesize isocyanates and derivatives of urethanes, ureas etc., whenever the use of mild and neutral reaction conditions is dictated by the sensitivity of the intermediates and products involved.
Photochemical and Photophysical Studies within Zeolites
Authors: Ramamurthy V.
Published: March 2022

In this article, we illustrate how one can utilize a zeolite matrix to control the photophysical and photochemical behavior of guest molecules included in them. In the first part, the emphasis is placed on the cation and on a single zeolite, faujasite (X and Y). Photophysical properties of naphthalene and other aromatic guest molecules included in X-type faujasite zeolites (M+X, M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Tl) have been investigated. As expected for an external heavy-atom-perturbed excited state, both singlet- and triplet-excited-state lifetimes and emission efficiencies depend upon the identity and accessibility of the cation present within the zeolite supercage. The power of the heavy-atom-cation effect in zeolites has been demonstrated by recording phosphorescence from several olefins whose phosphorescence has not previously been recorded. The second section brings out an inherent feature of a field at its infancy-serendipity. Surprisingly, radical ions of organic molecules can be generated and stabilized within zeolites by a simple procedure. This study has been expanded to include oligomers of thiophenes and α,ω-diphenylpolyenes which serve as models for conducting polymers. This is followed by a presentation wherein the importance of the relative size of the host cavity to that of the guest to achieve maximum selectivity in a photoreaction is highlighted. Concepts developed in this section with faujasite and pentasil (ZSM-5 and ZSM-11) as models are believed to be general and applicable to other organized media.
Oxidative Coupling of 6,6-Dimethylfulvenyl Anion
Authors: You Shaochun , Neuenschwander Markus
Published: March 2022

Oxidative treatment of anion 1 (obtained by deprotonation of 6,6-dimethylpentafulvene) with CuCl2 gives a very complex mixture of coupling products 3 (18%), 4 (16%), 5 (36%), 6 (5%), and 7 (6%) (Scheme 2). This result shows
that the reactive intermediate obtained by oxidation of 1 (which is believed to be fulvenyl radical 2) has several reactive sites. According to the experiments, reactivity is decreasing in the series C(7) > C(2)/C(3) > C(5) > C(1)/C(4) (Table 1), while simple
frontier orbital considerations of radical 2 would suggest the sequence C(7) > C(5) > C(2)/C(3) > C(1)/C(4). The experimental result is in agreement with a considerable steric shielding of C(5) of 2.
2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (Furaneol®) from Methyl α-D-Glucopyranoside
Authors: Mazenod François , Delay François , Näf Ferdinand
Published: March 2022

An efficient synthesis of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (Furaneol®), an important strawberry flavour, starting from the readily available and cheap methyl α-D-glucopyranoside is described.
Food Control by Government Laboratories: Innovation, Flexibility, and No Restrictions by Reglementation
Authors: Grob Konrad , Neukom Hans-Peter , Etter Rolf , Romann Ernst
Published: March 2022

Part of the work carried out by the government laboratories is devoted to permanent control of some critical foods and involves well-established and standardized methods. Another part, however, particularly the detection of frauds or poor manufacturing practices, presupposes advanced
analytical techniques and flexible politics: an agile sense for hot subjects must be combined with good contacts providing the important information and innovative method development to find ways to obtain the evidence required. As shown for examples, ever new methods and approaches are needed,
because the fraud and the negligent worker rapidly adjust to the methods applied for the control – in the end, the analysis may even protect a well arranged fraud. The swindler needs certainty about what the government chemists analyze and what methods they apply, and is, therefore,
interested in paralyzing the work of the control, e.g. by requiring that only methods approved by time-consuming procedures are accepted by the court. The control must try to surprise and to create commotion, keeping everyone alert.
6-Unsubstituierte 2H-Pyran-2-one Synthese und Reaktivität
Authors: Kvita Vratislav , Fischer Walter
Published: March 2022

Although the 2H-pyran-2-ones have been known for more than 100 years, their importance as versatile intermediates was not widely recognized before the sixties of this century. Until then, the C(6)-unsubstituted derivatives represented only a small minority due to their difficult accessibility. This review is dealing in the first part with the syntheses as well as, in the second part, with the reactivities of most of the C(6)-unsubstituted 2H-pyran-2-ones known so far. Of all reactions of the 2H-pyran-2-ones, the Diels-Alder cycloaddition is the most studied. Depending on conditions, the 2H-pyran-2-one ring can react as dienophile or as enophile. Furthermore, the subsequent elimination of CO2 from the formed bicyclolactone can frequently be influenced. This opens the opportunity of stereoselective syntheses. Recently, there were also reports on [4+3] and [3+2] cycloadditions. The photochemistry of the 2H-pyran-2-ones was studied intensely in the seventies of this century. Again, the enormous versatility of this ring system was demonstrated. Depending on conditions and substituent patterns, some ring contraction, ring opening, or dimerization by [4+4], [2+2], or [4+2] cycloaddition occurs. However, the highest variability in the reactivity of the C(6)-unsubstituted 2H-pyran-2-ones is demonstrated in their reactions with nucleophiles. These reactions, mostly accompanied by ring opening, give different, often otherwise difficultly accessible products depending on the conditions. The reactions with N-nucleophiles were the most productive so far, but also H-, O-, and C-nucleophiles gave interesting products. In recent years, much more became known about the synthesis and reactivity of C(6)-unsubstituted 2H-pyran-2-ones. This opened further possibilities of their applications in all fields of modern organic synthesis.
TXRF Spektrometer zum Nachweis von Spurenelementen
Authors: Hegedüs Ferenc
Published: March 2022

The TXRF (total reflection X-ray fluorescence) spectrometer is a very useful instrument for measuring ultratrace elements in aqueous solutions, in metals, in minerals, in biological and environmental samples etc. Elements with atomic number >13 are detected simultaneously
with a minimum detection limit of pg. The sample preparation is very simple and only few ?g or ?l sample material is required.
Genetics or Environmental Factor? Two Siblings with Myeloid Leukaemia: Case Report
Authors:   Department of Haematology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti/Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, AA Ibijola , OJ Adegbamigbe ,   Department of Haematology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti/Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, AI Okunlola ,   Department of Surgery, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti/Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Published: March 2022

We present two female siblings of ages 28 and 21 years who developed myeloid Leukaemia concurrently within a year. No family history of haematological malignancy but there was positive history of undue exposure to herbicides and pesticides. Objective: To create more awareness on the need to observe bio safety measures when handling hazardous agents.
Impact of Haplotypes on the Frequency of Morbid Complications in Homozygous SSFA2 Sickle Cell Disease in Cote D’ivoire
Authors:   Clinical Hematology Unit, Yopougon University Hospital of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, DA Silue , E Ndhatz ,   Clinical Hematology Unit, Yopougon University Hospital of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, R Ayemou ,   Clinical Hematology Unit, University Hospital of Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire, B Kouakou ,   Clinical Hematology Unit, Yopougon University Hospital of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, DC Nanho ,   Clinical Hematology Unit, Yopougon University Hospital of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, I Kamara ,   Clinical Hematology Unit, Yopougon University Hospital of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, N Meite ,   Clinical Hematology Unit, Yopougon University Hospital of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, AS Bognini ,   Clinical Hematology Unit, Yopougon University Hospital of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, RP Botti ,   Clinical Hematology Unit, University Hospital of Bouaké, Cote d’Ivoire, I Kouakou ,   Clinical Hematology Unit, Yopougon University Hospital of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, R Djeket ,   Clinical Hematology Unit, Yopougon University Hospital of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, KG Koffi ,   Clinical Hematology Unit, Yopougon University Hospital of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
Published: March 2022

Background: Sickle cell disease is a constitutional hemoglobin disease witch poses a public health problem in Côte d’Ivoire due to its prevalence and complications. The homozygous form (SSFA2) is the most severe. The proportion of hemoglobin F by its property determines the haplotype. Authors wanted to determine the impact of these haplotypes on the frequency of morbid complications. Methods: Our study was a transversal type and analytical aims, occurred in the clinical hematology department of the University Hospital of Yopougon over a 3 months period. Our study included 150 SSFA2 patients with complications. The statistical test used was the student. Results: The mean age was 11 years, (6 months to 42 years). The sex ratio was 1.05. The mean rate of hemoglobin S was 86%, of which 17% had severe haplotype, 37% intermediate haplotype, and 45% benign haplotype. Infectious complications were the most frequent (58.72%) (Malaria 53.47%; bronchial pneumonia: 28.22%), followed by anemic complications (36.92%) and ischemic complications (4.36%). Deglobulization crisis was the major acute anemic complication (97.5%) followed by splenic sequestration (2.5%). Chronic anemic complications were dominated by leg ulcers (57.14%) followed by biliary lithiasis (42.86%). Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head was the most frequent ischemic complication (46.66%), followed by retinopathy (33.33%), and then stroke (20%). The severe haplotype was associated with a high frequency of complications in general and infectious complications in particular. (P=0.005) Conclusion: The clinical expression of the SSFA2 homozygous form and the occurrence of complications is closely related to the haplotype.
Understanding MOF nucleation from solution with Evolving Graphs
Authors: Kollias Loukas , Rousseau Roger , Glezakou Vassiliki-Alexandra , Salvalaglio Matteo
Published: March 2022

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) exhibit attractive characteristics for separations such as remarkable surface area and diverse porosities. However, a mechanistic understanding of their synthesis and scale-up remains underexplored due to the complicated nature of building block interactions. In this work, we investigate the collective assembly of building units that have been experimentally observed to initiate MOF nucleation, using MIL-101(Cr) as a prototypical example. We use large-scale molecular dynamics simulations under a variety of synthesis conditions and mixture compositions. We observe that the choice of solvent (water or DMF), introduction of ions (Na+, F-) and the relative population of MIL-101(Cr) half-secondary building unit (half-SBU) isomers has a strong influence on the cluster formation process. In more detail, the shape, size, nucleation and growth rates, crystallinity and short and long-range order largely vary depending on the synthesis conditions. We evaluate these properties as they naturally emerge when interpreting self-assembly of MOF nuclei as the time-evolution of an undirected graph. Solution-induced con-formational complexity and ionic concentration have a dramatic effect on the morphology of clusters emerging during assembly, such diversity is captured by key features of the graph representation. More precisely, pure solvent leads to rapid formation of a small number of large clusters, while ions result in slower nucleation through smaller clusters in water. Finally, we use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on graph properties to successfully deconvolute MOF self-assembly into a small number of molecular descriptors, such as the average coordination number between half-SBUs and fractal dimension, which can be followed by time-resolved spectroscopy. We conclude that graph theory can be used to understand complex processes such as MOF nucleation through providing molecular descriptors accessible by both simulation and experiment.
The potential scarcity, or not, of polymeric overall water splitting photocatalysts
Authors: Saunders Benedict , Wilbraham Liam , Prentice Andrew , Sprick Reiner Sebastian , Zwijnenburg Martinus Antonius
Published: March 2022

We perform a high-throughput computational screening of a set of 3240 conjugated alternating binary co-polymers and homo-polymers, in which we predict their ability to drive sacrificial hydrogen evolution and overall water splitting when illuminated with visible light. We use the outcome of this screening to analyse how common the ability to drive either reaction is for conjugated polymers loaded with suitable co-catalysts, and to suggest promising (co-)monomers for polymeric overall water splitting catalysts.
Modulating Noncovalent and Covalent Forces to Control Inverse Phosphocholine Lipid Self-Assembly on Inorganic Surfaces
Authors: Sut Tun Naw , Ferhan Abdul Rahim , Park Soohyun , Koo Dong Jun , Yoon Bo Kyeong , Jackman Joshua A. , Cho Nam-Joon
Published: March 2022

While noncovalent forces typically drive lipid vesicle adsorption and rupture to form supported lipid bilayer (SLB) coatings on inorganic surfaces, this strategy only works on a few materials with suitable energetics such as SiO2. The use of coordination chemistry between inverse-phosphocholine (PC) lipid headgroups and surfaces has emerged as a promising strategy to enable SLB formation on other materials such as TiO2 based on covalent forces. However, until now, a cohesive picture of how noncovalent and covalent forces jointly contribute to the latter SLB formation process has been lacking. Herein, we investigated inverse-PC lipid vesicle adsorption onto TiO2 and SiO2 surfaces and discovered how adsorption pathways can be controlled by tuning the balance of noncovalent and covalent forces. On TiO2, SLB formation depended on two key factors: (1) favorable noncovalent forces to facilitate initial vesicle adsorption; and (2) a critical density of lipid-TiO2 coordinate bonds to enable sufficient vesicle deformation triggering fusion and rupture. In other cases, either no adsorption or intact vesicle adsorption without rupture occurred even when coordinate bonds were present. Conversely, on SiO2, conditions were identified to support inverse-PC lipid adsorption whereas vesicles were repelled otherwise. The experimental results were supported by interfacial force modeling and our findings demonstrate how a subtle interplay of noncovalent and covalent forces plays a deterministic role in modulating lipid self-assembly pathways.
X-band Parallel-Mode and Multifrequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of S = 1/2 Bismuth Centers
Authors: Haak Julia , Krüger Julia , Abrosimov Nikolay , Helling Christoph , Schulz Stephan , Cutsail III George
Published: March 2022

The recent successes in the isolation and characterization of several bismuth radicals inspire the development of new spectroscopic approaches for the in-depth analysis of their electronic structure. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the characterization of main group radicals. However, the large electron-nuclear hyperfine interactions of Bi (209Bi, I = 9/2) have presented difficult challenges to fully interpret the spectral properties for some of these radicals. Parallel-mode EPR (B1 || B0) is almost exclusively employed for the study of S > 1/2 systems but becomes feasible for S = 1/2 systems with large hyperfine couplings, offering a distinct EPR spectroscopic method. Herein, we demonstrate the application of conventional X-band parallel-mode EPR for S = 1/2, I = 9/2 spin systems: Bi doped crystalline silicon (Bi:Si) and the molecular Bi radicals: [L(X)Ga]2Bi• (X = Cl, I) and [L(Cl)GaBi(MecAAC)]• (L = HC[MeCN(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2). In combination with multifrequency perpendicular-mode EPR (X-, Q-, and W-band frequency), we were able to fully refine both of the anisotropic g- and A-tensors of these molecular radicals. The parallel-mode EPR experiments demonstrated and discussed here have the potential to enable the characterization of other S = 1/2 systems with large hyperfine couplings, which is often challenging by conventional perpendicular-mode EPR techniques. Considerations pertaining to the choice of microwave frequency are discussed for relevant spin-systems.
Divide-and-conquer: a flexible deep learning strategy for exploring metabolic heterogeneity from mass spectrometry imaging data
Authors: Guo Lei , Dong Jiyang , Xu Xiangnan , Wu Zhichao , Zhang Yinbin , Wang Yongwei , Li Pengfei , Zhao Chao , Cai Zongwei
Published: March 2022

There is growing awareness that metabolic heterogeneity of organism provides vital insight into the disease with molecular mechanism and personalized therapy. The screening of metabolism-related sub-regions that affect disease development is essential for the more focused exploration how disease progress aberrant phenotypes, even carcinogenesis and metastasis. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technique has distinct advantages to reveal the heterogeneity of organism based on the in situ molecular profiles. The challenge of heterogeneous analysis has been to perform an objective identification among biological tissues with different characteristics. By introducing the divide-and-conquer strategy to architecture design and application, we establish here a flexible unsupervised deep learning model, called divide-and-conquer (dc)-DeepMSI, for metabolic heterogeneity analysis from MSI data without prior knowledge of histology. dc-DeepMSI can be used to identify either spatially contiguous region-of-interest (ROIs) or spatially sporadic ROIs. We demonstrate that the novel learning strategy successfully obtain sub-regions that are statistically linked to invasion status and molecular phenotypes of breast cancer, as well as organizing principles during developmental phase.
MILLING PROCESS PARAMETERS AND TAGUCHI METHOD
Authors: Diwan Mohit Balkrishna , Yogi Sonal Chandubhai
Published: March 2022

To safeguard the quality of the products machined at the least costs along with the greatest amount of efficiency during machining, the selection of the ideal parameters is very necessary. Usually the working of an experienced operator is very necessary for the selection of an ideal cutting condition for the metal. But it is very difficult for a qualified operator to prevail ideal cutting conditions for each time. Due to the unorganized nature of the processes during machining the engineers are looking for methods which are more efficient for attaining optimization.The main aim in the design process is to bring the production cost to the least amount or to bring the profit to the maximum height. The goal of the research is to construct a flavorful algorithm for the optimization by making use of the suggestions given by the environment and using these solutions for solving the problems of optimization that really exists in the process of the manufacturing. The designs having one or more than one solutions are provided by the users for the optimum algorithms and there is a repeated check on all the possible solutions of the new designs that exist for provision of the real optimum result. For the roughness of the surface, a mathematical model is evolved by making the use of the response surface analysis.
Sovereignty, self-determination, and the catalyst for change in the political status of East Timor
Authors:   , Webb Virginia
Published: March 2022

Starting with the premise that a change in the political status of East
Timor is inevitable, and imminent, this dissertation evaluates the
potential catalysts for this change. Indonesia invaded East Timor
following the initiation of a decolonisation process by the
administering power, Portugal. In the twenty - odd years since the
invasion, the decolonisation era has come to a close, which has led to
reformulation of the principle of self-determination. This principle is
crucial to an understanding of the Timor conflict and this dissertation
establishes that there is still a firm basis in international law for
application of the principle of self - determination to East Timor.
Indonesia's role in the conflict is examined, as are internal political
changes in Indonesia. It is the political dynamics of the Indonesian
state which will, it is argued, open a window of opportunity for the
establishment of an independent East Timor. The responses of members of
the international community, especially Australia and New Zealand, to
the conflict are examined and this dissertation concludes that their
realist approach to regional relations precludes them from agitating for
change in the political status of East Timor. Sources include
government documents, non-governmental organisation publications, Church
publications, personal interviews, public lectures, audio and video
recordings and secondary sources.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Pengenalan Emosi Melalui Suara dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: KASYIDI FATAN , ILYAS RIDWAN , ANNISA NIDA MUTHI
Published: March 2022

AbstrakInteraksi manusia dengan komputer merupakan fenomena yang terus berkembang diikuti oleh meningkatnya penggunaan komputer yang sering digunakan dalam ranah sosial manusia. Manusia saling berinteraksi dengan melibatkan emosi untuk memahami seseorang. Emosi manusia seringkali terwakili melalui cara berbicara. Penelitian tentang pengenalan emosi melalui suara telah banyak dilakukan, namun terdapat upaya peningkatan pengenalan emosi melalui suara, terutama masalah korpus yang menjadi salah satu faktor yang menjadikan pengenalan emosi ini belum menghasilkan akurasi pengenalan yang optimal, khususnya berkaitan dengan imbalance data. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan performa pengenalan emosi untuk mengenali lima kelas emosi yaitu senang, marah, sedih dan kepuasan serta netral menggunakan algoritma boosting. Selain itu, digunakan pula metode seperti CNN dan RNN untuk dapat dilakukan perbandingan serta penerapan SMOTE untuk korpusnya. Setelah eksperimen, dapat dihasilkan akurasi pengenalan mencapai 65% untuk akurasi untuk data tes berdasarkan konfigurasi 22050 Hz sebagai sampling rate, MFCCs dan oversampling SMOTE.Kata kunci: Imbalance data, Algoritma Boosting, CNN, RNN, SMOTEAbstractHuman interaction with computers are a growing phenomenon followed by the increasing use of computers which are often utilized in human social activities. Humans interact with one another by involving emotions. Plenty of research on speech emotion recognition has been established. Nevertheless, there are still efforts to enhance speech emotion recognition, especially the corpus problem which is one of the factors that the model does not in an optimal performance, especially about imbalance data. This study was conducted to enhance the performance of emotion recognition to recognize five class emotions: happiness, angry, sadness, contentment, and neutral. Furthermore, we employed CNN, RNN, and Boosting Algorithms. Lastly, we applied SMOTE to the corpus. After the experiment, the accuracy reached 65% with 22050 Hz configuration as rate, MFCCs, and SMOTE oversampling.Keywords: Data Imbalance, Boosting Algorithms, CNN, RNN, SMOTE
Gated Recurrent Units dalam Mendeteksi Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: PARDEDE JASMAN , RASPATI MUHAMMAD FAUZAN
Published: March 2022

AbstrakDalam melakukan penelitian obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), polysomnography (PSG) digunakan untuk diagnosis. Namun subjek diharuskan menginap dilaboratorium selama beberapa malam untuk melakukan tes dengan PSG dan karena banyaknya alat yang harus dikenakan pada tubuh dapat membuat tidak nyaman saat pengambilan data. Belakangan ini, beberapa peneliti mengunakan single-lead ECG untuk melakukan deteksi OSA. Untuk menghasilkan model terbaik, akan dilakukan eksperimen training, dengan batch normalization dan dropout yang berbeda. Pada penelitian ini apnea-ecg dataset digunakan, RR-Interval dan amplitudo QRS complex dari released set berjumlah 35 data akan disegmentasi permenit untuk digunakan sebagai input dari arsitektur yang diajukan adalah gated recurrent unit (GRU). Lalu withheld set berjumlah 35 data akan digunakan untuk pengujian per-segment dan per-recording. Kinerja sistem diukur berdasarkan accuracy, sensitifity, dan specificity dengan pengujian per-segment mendapat hasil accuracy 83.92%, sensitifity 81.28%, dan specificity 85.55%, dan pengujian per-recording mendapat hasil accuracy 97.14%, sensitifity 95.65% dan specificity 100%.Kata kunci: Obstructive sleep apnea, GRU, ECG, RR-Interval, QRS complex.AbstractIn conducting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) studies, polysomnography (PSG) was used for the diagnosis. However, the subject was required to stay in the laboratory for several nights to carry out tests with the PSG and because of the many devices that had to be worn on the body, it could be uncomfortable to collect data. Recently, several researchers have used single-lead ECG to detect OSA. To produce the best model, training experiments will be conducted, with different batch normalization and dropout. In this study, the apnea-ecg dataset is used, the RR-Interval and the QRS complex amplitude from the released set totaling 35 data will be segmented per minute to be used as input for the proposed architecture is the gated recurrent unit (GRU). Then the withheld set of 35 data will be used for per-segment and per-recording testing. System performance was measured based on accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with per-segment testing getting 83.92% accuracy, 81.28% sensitivity, and 85.55% specificity, and per-recording testing got 97.14% accuracy, 95.65% sensitivity and 100% specificity.Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea, GRU, ECG, RR-Interval, QRS complex.
Response Surface Methodology for Formulating PVA/Starch/Lignin Biodegradable Plastic
Authors: Ratnawati Ratnawati , Wulandari Retno , Kumoro Andri Cahyo , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Published: March 2022

The use of petroleum-based plastics has raised environmental issues as more plastic waste enters and accumulates in the environment. It has led to the development of biodegradable plastics. Starch is one of the potential materials to make biodegradable plastic, but starch-based plastic has poor mechanical strength. Blending starch with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and lignin is expected to improve the mechanical properties of the plastic. Biodegradable plastic films from PVA/starch/lignin blends with glycerol as a plasticizer were prepared using an internal mixer for compounding and a hot press molding machine for film making. The percentage of lignin (2-10%), glycerol (25-65%), and mixing temperature (190-230 oC) were varied according to the three levels of the Box-Behnken design. The ANOVA evaluation revealed that glycerol had the most significant effect on the mechanical properties of the film. Then, three models for the estimation of tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear resistance were developed. As expected, the models satisfactorily predict the effect of all input variables on the response variables. The optimum conditions for preparing the film were acquired from the equations, namely 197.6 oC for the temperature, 10% for lignin, and 45.1% for glycerol. The biodegradable plastic prepared using the optimum conditions possessed a tensile strength of 8.46 ± 1.08 MPa, an elongation at break of 139.00 ± 8.59%, and a tear resistance of 69.50 ± 2.50 N/mm. These values are in good agreement with the predicted values. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-03 Full Text: PDF