bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Linguistic Frontiers in the 21st Century: A Systematic Literature Review of the Rise of Big Data’s Role in Data-Driven Language Learning in the Saudi Arabian Context
Authors: Salim Alharbi Mohammed
Published: December 2024

This study delves into the potential role of big data and data-driven language learning in shaping the language learning landscape within the Saudi Arabian context. A comprehensive literature review, following the four main phases of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines involving Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to employ specific inclusion/exclusion criteria as well as truncation techniques across major academic databases and prominent journal publishers, revealed a significant gap in research about how data-driven approaches influence language teaching in the Saudi educational context and sociocultural environment. As such, this study aims to illuminate the need to fill the identified gap by providing insight into future avenues for exploring big data’s role in language pedagogy specific to Saudi Arabia. By addressing the main research question of how big data can influence and enhance language learning, this research underscores the importance of developing innovative, data-informed strategies that align with Saudi Arabia’s educational goals. Ultimately, findings will inform and recommend various approaches to empower language educators, policymakers, and stakeholders in harnessing the transformative potential of big data. This will enable the development of data-driven strategies to foster linguistic competence, promote lifelong language learning, and cultivate a data-driven culture of language proficiency among Saudi students. The research provides valuable insights into an understudied area at the intersection of big data, language pedagogy, and the distinct Saudi educational landscape
The Analysis of the Turkish EFL Students’ Needs for a Translation Course at a State University
Authors: Metin Tekin Bilge , Ak Ebru
Published: December 2024

Globalization has made translation an integral part of our daily lives, spanning education, technology, and commerce, thus accentuating its significance. This has prompted universities to offer various translation courses, tailored to their specific contexts. However, the diversity in these programs highlights the need to cater to the distinct requirements of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners effectively. This study aims to uncover the specific needs of EFL learners in designing translation courses, with a focus on enhancing their relevance and student-centeredness. By gathering insights into learners’ perspectives on translation courses, the research seeks to understand their preferences and expectations. “What are students’ beliefs and attitudes regarding translation courses in EFL departments?” is the main research question of the present study. To achieve this, 50 EFL students from a state university in Ankara participated in the study, selected through convenience sampling, and responded to a structured questionnaire developed by Hui-Chuan Wang. The questionnaire covered various aspects of course planning, instructional methods, learning objectives, materials, teaching styles, and evaluation techniques. Employing a quantitative approach, the study aims to provide a clear understanding of learners’ expectations and requirements regarding translation courses. Ultimately, the findings are expected to inform improvements to the translation course curriculum at the state university, ensuring it better meets the needs of students.
Triggering Epistemic Curiosity in Boosting Iraqi EFL Students’ Speaking Skills through in-class and out-of-class Tasks
Authors: Bilgin Recep
Published: December 2024

Epistemic curiosity’s popularity has expanded exponentially thanks to the rising inclination to put curiosity-based instruction into practice in EFL classes. Accordingly, the number of publications measuring its influence on EFL students’ linguistic performance has quadrupled in the last decade. On the other hand, an unbridgeable gap has been noticed in the Iraq setting, where there are few studies on epistemic curiosity’s role in developing EFL learners’ speaking skills. In this regard, this study attempted to investigate the influence of epistemic curiosity on improving first-year students’ speaking skills at a private university in Erbil, Iraq, spanning 9 months in the 2023-2024 academic year via appealing presentations. To fulfill this aim, 66 experimental or control group students were chosen through stratified random sampling. After doing in-depth research at home, the first experimental group of students presented the catchy topics in units after studying thoroughly; however, the second experimental group of students made a 10-minute knowledge-seeking attempt about the assigned topics within the class and shot their speech. However, control group students followed the official curriculum. SPSS 28 and NVivo were tools to analyze speaking exams and verbal responses. The findings revealed that the students whose presentations were addressed after studying thoroughly at home outperformed other groups. It hints that assigned speaking presentations are more fruitful when they can study further at home. This study’s findings can have implications for stakeholders contemplating inserting curiosity-driven exercises in EFL classes.
What English Articles Say about Nursing Postgraduate Thesis Writing: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Betül Oktay Yeşim , Fawzi Shamsi Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Advancement in nursing has been of considerable importance, especially after the pandemic, which necessitates a parallel upgrade in postgraduate nursing programs. Similarly, there is a need for studies related to the nature of the postgraduate nursing thesis/dissertation as it is the landmark of their academic achievement. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting a literature review on graduate nursing students’ writing experience. A thorough systematic review of the literature yielded 22 studies related to nursing thesis writing. This paper presents critical themes from reviewing these studies and draws out significant implications for nursing education. The findings are grouped under five categories: challenges, feedback, support, needed skills, and thesis writing. Based on these findings, gaps are identified, and recommendations for further development of nursing students’ graduate education are suggested. This literature review is expected to contribute to the development of students and supervisors as well as course content in graduate nursing programs.
Ukrainian EFL Learners’ Perception towards the Use of Subtitles to Improve Their Listening Skills: a Case Study
Authors: Tymoshchuk Nataliia , Nechyporenko Violeta , Havryliuk Nataliia
Published: December 2024

Watching English videos is a powerful and popular tool for learning English as a foreign language, and teachers and researchers should pay close attention to it. The research paper investigates current EFL learners’ attitudes towards using subtitles when watching English audio-visual materials. The authors attempt to answer the following question: What are Ukrainian EFL learners’ perceptions of using subtitles to improve their listening skills? The significance of this study is that understanding the learners’ preferences and support for subtitles would help find effective teaching practices. We used a quantitative method to collect research data through online tools (Google Forms). The third-year students training in the BA program to become interpreters were under research. The findings suggest that students agreed on the importance of listening skills. Moreover, almost all participants are convinced that watching audio-visual materials with English subtitles improves their English proficiency. An area worth further investigation is the effect of subtitles on listening and reading skills, which is necessary as it would shed more light on using videos with and without subtitles in EFL acquisition.
Mapping AI’s Integration into Linguistics- A Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis of ChatGPT’s Influence
Authors: Al Nafjan Eman , Mohammed Sarah
Published: December 2024

This study is a systematic and bibliometric analysis of research on artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, and large language models, focusing on the top fifty publications from high-impact linguistics journals indexed in Web of Science and Scopus. This study aims to identify and analyze the historical significance of ChatGPT’s release and its broader influence on linguistic research as a field. Through scientific mapping we examine research publications from before and after the launch of ChatGPT, analyzing how it presents in choice of topics and methodologies. The study presents a thematic review of articles published up to March 2024, categorizing them into major themes such as editorials, survey studies, translation research, and assessment methodologies. Through the use of Bibliometrix software, the research analyzes the geographical networks of articles, authorship collaborations, citations, and recurring keywords. The findings reveal the growing influence of artificial intelligence, particularly ChatGPT, on various subfields of linguistics, and demonstrate how AI technologies are being integrated into areas such as translation, language assessment, and educational practices. By mapping the trajectory of AI’s integration into linguistics, the study offers insights into future research directions, emphasizing the need to continuously assess AI’s impact on educational and linguistic practices.
MASALAH SOSIAL DALAM NOVEL HARI PELARIAN KARYA YULIA SUJARWO: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Choirina Risma Choirina , Nugroho Yusro Edy , Nuryatin Agus , Nuryatin Agus
Published: December 2024

Kajian sosiologi sastra muncul sebagai suatu pendekatan studi sastra yang berfokus pada hubungan antara karya sastra dan masyarakat. Karya sastra dapat menjadi cerminan dari kehidupan masyarakat, karena sastra ditulis oleh seorang pengarang dan pengarang hidup dalam suatu masyarakat tertentu. Hubungan antara sastra dan masyarakat erat kaitannya karena setiap orang pasti melakukan interaksi sosial antar perseorangan maupun kelompok. Dari proses interaksi sosial akan muncul suatu masalah-masalah sosial yang dapat dikaji atau dikritik melalui kritik sosiologi sastra. Salah satu novel yang menarik untuk dikritik dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra ialah novel berjudul Hari Pelarian karya Yulia Sujarwo, karena novel ini mengandung banyak permasalahan yang muncul dari adanya perjodohan yang akan dilakukan kepada tokoh utama dan masalah sosial yang muncul akibat dari perjodohan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sosiologi sastra Soekanto Soerjono yang memfokuskan pada bentuk-bentuk masalah sosial dalam karya sastra. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan berbagai masalah sosial yang terdapat di dalam novel Hari Pelarian karya Yulia Sujarwo dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah dialog dan narasi yang muncul pada novel Hari Pelarian karya Yulia Sujarwo. Dalam penelitian ini, ada beberapa teknik pengambilan serta pengumpulan data yang digunakan, yaitu teknik baca, simak, dan catat. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 27 data yang terdiri dari 7 masalah sosial berupa; kemiskinan 7 data, kejahatan 3 data, disorganisasi keluarga 5 data, masalah generasi muda dengan masyarakat modern 1 data, peperangan 2 data, pelanggaran terhadap norma masyarakat 7 data, dan 2 data masalah lingkungan hidup.
Kritik Sastra Feminisme Sastra Lisan Aceh “Putri Jambul Emas” (Strukturalisme Genetik)
Authors: Istikhomah Aulia , Widyawati Shalma , Dewi Trisna Kumala Satya
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan eksistensi cerita rakyat ini kepada masyarakat yang lebih luas, mempertahankan keberadaan cerita Putri Jambul Emas sebagai suatu cerita rakyat dan bagian dari identitas budaya Aceh, serta mengungkap isu-isu feminis yang terdapat dalam kisah Putri Jambul Emas yang relevan dengan latar belakang sosial perempuan Aceh. Cerita rakyat Aceh ini dikaji dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menerapkan teknik simak dan catat dalam proses pengumpulan data. Data dan informasi yang terhimpun dianalisis menggunakan teori strukturalisme genetik untuk menganalisis isu feminisme dalam cerita rakyat tersebut. Pembahasan dalam penelitianini mengarahkan pada tiga sub pembahasan, yaitu struktur internal cerita Putri Jambul Emas, latar belakang sosial perempuan Aceh pada abad ke-17 Masehi, dan genetik teks dalam cerita Putri Jambul Emas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tokoh utama dalam cerita ini adalah Putri Jambul Emas yang digambarkan sebagai perempuan yang berani, cerdas, dan berjiwa kepemimpinan. Tokoh Putri Jambul Emas merupakan penggambaran Ratu Safiatuddin, tokoh Lila Bangguna adalah penggambaran mengenai undang-undang pemberian rumah untuk anak perempuan yang diusulkan serta ditetapkan pada masa pemerintahan Ratu safiatuddin. Sementara itu, Raja Cina menjadi penggambaran atas intervensi pihak asing dan simbolisasi masyarakat patriarki yang melakukan penolakan kepemimpinan Ratu Safiatuddin karena gender. Penelitian ini penting untuk mengenal salah satu cerita rakyat Aceh dengan latar belakang sosial yang melatarbelakangi penciptaan karya tersebut.
MITOS BEGU GANJANG: TRADISI LISAN MASYARAKAT BATAK TOBA YANG BERUJUNG KRIMINALITAS
Authors: Simanjuntak Firman Matias , Sagala Vika Maria , Situmorang Yuni Yolanda , Anggriana Fuza , Sianturi Astri Dewi , Siallagan Lasenna
Published: December 2024

Mitos begu ganjang merupakan tradisi lisan yang masih ada bagi masyarakat Batak Toba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis esensi begu ganjang sebagai tradisi lisan, persepsi masyarakat etnis Batak Toba terkait mitos begu ganjang, dan tanggapan mereka terhadap tindak kejahatan yang terjadi akibat masalah begu ganjang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Manik Hataran dan Sarimatondang, Kecamatan Sidamanik dengan menggunakan metode campuran desain concurrent embedded. Data diperoleh dari 335 sampel dengan penggolongan berdasarkan rentang usia melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi, dan survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakikat begu ganjang adalah tradisi lisan tertua dalam sastra lisan berbentuk mitos. Persepsi masyarakat memandang begu ganjang sebagai makhluk pembunuh supranatural dengan beragam deskripsi mengenai begu ganjang dan parbegu ganjang. Isu tersebut mampu menciptakan tindak kejahatan yang merugikan. Menimbang dampak yang muncul, mitos begu ganjang yang beredar dianggap tidak perlu direstorasi lagi.
ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGY EDUCATION STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ON THE TOPIC OF BIOPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Rangkuty Sailana Mira , Amrizal Amrizal , Mukra Rizal , Rahmawati Suci
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the level of knowledge of biology education students on the topic of Biopreneurship. This research uses a descriptive evaluative method, namely a study method that evaluates objective conditions or what they are in a situation that is the object of study. The analysis used is descriptive qualitative, namely research that accurately describes the nature of an individual, certain circumstances or symptoms so that they can be described thoroughly. Data collection was carried out using several techniques, namely literature studies and field observations. Biontrepreneurship is the integration of biological sciences with business sciences which involves all aspects of living things. Biopreneurship is defined as the use of living things that can be processed into business products and can be marketed, resulting in a productive economy. Seeing the importance of Biopreneurship, interdisciplinary learning began to be carried out. This is done so that students are able to combine their knowledge to apply it to solve various problems in the real world. The results of the analysis show that biology education students' knowledge on the topic of Biopreneurship is in the high category with a score of 82. Based on the level of Biopreneurship knowledge which is categorized as high, it is estimated that students will be able to design good Biopreneurship products.
Wie hat Paulus die Schrift verwendet – am Beispiel von 1Kor 1,26–31.
Authors: KÓKAI-NAGY Viktor
Published: December 2024

How did Paul use the Scriptures - using the example of 1 Corinthians 1:26-31?
We have chosen 1Cor for our study because we find no reference to external attacks on the Apostle in this letter. We may therefore assume that Paul used the Old Testament “freely” in his argumentation. Although the apostle was now forced to communicate with the congregation by letter, he nevertheless reminded them of his teaching fifteen times by means of various Old Testament quotations, which obviously referred back to his sermons, or he wished to use them to emphasize the vitality and reality of the dialogue. In our study, we are not looking for an answer to the question of how the first readers of the letter understood these quotations. We do not want to answer the question of how literal the quotations are or on which text they are based. Rather, we want to use a specific text to approach the question of how Paul used these Old Testament references in his argumentation. To do this, we will look at a specific passage, namely 1Cor 1:26–31.
A Concise Assessment of Dutch Ecclesiastical and Theological Impacts on Jenő Sebestyén’s Thinking
Authors: KOVÁCS Ábrahám , SZABÓ László
Published: December 2024

Jenő Sebestyén, professor of systematic theology from Budapest, is often portrayed as the founding father of historical Calvinism in Hungary. The theological movement exhibits clearly a Dutch impact. He is often seen as a Kuyperian scholar who disseminated the famous Dutch theologian and churchman’s idea amongst Hungarian Reformed people. The current paper seeks to examine whether this statement is true in regard to his systematic theological thinking. By performing a statistical examination of the references found in his magnum opus, Református Dogmatika [Reformed Dogmatics], a surprising discovery was made. Herman Bavinck was cited more than Abraham Kuyper. Besides, it is also proved that other Dutch theologians, such as Jan Jacob van Oosterzee and Eskelhoff Gravemeyer, not to mention Louis Berkhof, also made an impact on the formation of idea about Reformed doctrine. Therefore, as far as his book on dogmatics is concerned, the research shows a far more nuanced picture of the impact made on him. The paper highlighted that his presentation as merely a Kuyperian scholar is a simplification.
A kötelességteljesítő protestáns etika, a szolgáló lelkület életpéldája. Balogh Jenő (1864–1953) jogászprofesszor személyes adatai és életútja
Authors: KOVÁCS Gábor
Published: December 2024

A Protestant Ethic of Duty, a Living Example of a Serving SpiritBiography of Law Professor Jenő Balogh (1864–1953)
Our publication is part of a larger prosopographical study of the careers of Calvinist university professors belonging to the Hungarian knowledge elite in the bourgeois era (1848–1944). Jenő Balogh, a professor of law, was an academic researcher, a ministerial legislator seeking new paths, a teacher of modern disciplines, a minister in difficult times, and the General Secretary of the Academy. For decades, he held leading positions in the Calvinist Church of Hungary. His way of life and his work were determined by a Puritan Christian worldview brought from his family and by a dutiful Protestant ethic.
Gamifikáció a hitoktatásban
Authors: SZÉNÁSI Lilla , SZÉNÁSI Levente
Published: December 2024

Gamification in Religious Education
In its first part, the study describes what definitions were created to define the notion of “game” and what characteristics of it can be observed. The second part shows the place of game itself in religious education, and the reason why it is useful if included in the practice of religious education. The third part revolves around the concept of gamification and points out the differences between games and gamification. The fourth part deals with the applicability of gamification in religious education, in which, in addition to theory, practice also appears. The two authors would like to answer the questions raised in the study Possible Forms of Gamification in School Catechesis published in 2019. On the one hand, with the involvement of the young people of the Reformed Church in Martos, who are preparing for confirmation, the Text Eater program (application) designed for them, which tries to facilitate learning the answers to the questions of the Catechism, is evaluated based on practice. On the other hand, with the involvement of the pupils of the Reformed Elementary School with Hungarian as the Language of Instruction in Martos, the gamification evaluation is assessed pertaining to its use in religious education, as a second potential gamification tool.
Ha ketten csinálják ugyanazt, nem ugyanaz – a segítés női és férfi mintázatai
Authors: HÉZSER Gábor , KRASZNAY Mónika
Published: December 2024

If Two Do the Same Thing, It Is Not the Same Thing – Male and Female Patterns of Helping
It is assumed that a professional’ gender has a decisive influence on the need for help, the way of providing help, and the helping relationship. Our aim is to sensitize pastoral care workers and other helping professionals to this perception and conscious recognition. In connection with our topic, we will make some points that we recommend to be mindful of. We will take into account what the theory of science points out: in the studies and theses of the social sciences and humanities, the researcher and the object of research are “structurally identical”.
We will discuss the deforming effects of masculine dominance and some of its implications for the history of science, theology, and the practice theory of helping. Then we discuss the reality of the correlative determination of identity.
We will point out that the far-reaching disregard of feminine and masculine patterns of helping is not unique to pastoral care. A similar omission can be observed in the fields of medicine and psychotherapy training.
Finally, attention is drawn to practical aspects relevant to pastoral care.
A logoterápia és az emberi életérték „mégis” öröme. Avagy boldoggá tehet-e az életértelem?
Authors: VIK János
Published: December 2024

Logotherapy and the „Defiant” Joy of Human Life-Value. Or Can the Meaning of Life Make You Happy?
The starting point for this paper is the anthropology of Viktor E. Frankl, which, in addition to the physical and psychological dimensions, also considers the third one, the spiritual dimension of human being. Frankl believes that the most important motivation of man is to be found in his constant search for the meaning of life. In this context, the research question posed in this paper is: can finding concrete answers to the question of the meaning of life make man happy? In the first part of the paper, the concepts of “pleasure”, “joy”, and “happiness” are distinguished in the light of Frankl’s writings. In the second section, and in the light of the initial question posed, we come to the realization that the most important characteristic of people who have emerged unscathed from the most adverse circumstances is a kind of individualism and a strong sense of purpose, which, unlike narcissism and egocentrism of any kind, can forget itself. These are the people who have found joy in situations that ordinary people would have found unbearable.
A terápiás közösség átkeretező és átformáló ereje – Kiselőadás
Authors: BARTHA Éva
Published: December 2024

The Framing and Transforming Power of the Therapeutic Community – Workshop
One of the most effective methods for treating addiction is to follow recovery programmes in therapeutic communities, which are drug-free environments where people with addictions (or other problems) live together in an organized and structured way to support change and enable drug-free living in the outside community, outside the confines of the programme. The mutually supportive presence of people in the therapeutic community, using a competence-building, encounter method, allows for the cognitive reframing of thought and life experience patterns, which is an essential ingredient of successful recovery and substance-free living.
Maden Kaynak Belirleme Sondaj Programlarının Optimizasyonu
Authors: Özkan Yusuf Ziya
Published: December 2024

Kaynak belirleme sondaj programları, maden yataklarının sınırlarını ve işletilebilirliğini belirlemek için yapılan bir örnekleme sürecidir. Bu süreçte, sistematik ve tesadüfi olmak üzere iki tür örnekleme hatası bulunur. Sistematik hatalar, cihaz kalibrasyon hataları veya örneklerin yatağı yetersiz temsil etmesi gibi durumlarda ortaya çıkar ve tahminlerin doğruluğunu olumsuz etkiler. Tesadüfi hatalar ise örneklerin rastgele dağılımı veya doğal değişkenlikten kaynaklanır ve tahminlerde belirsizliğe neden olur. Bu hataların etkisi, daha fazla örnekleme yaparak azaltılabilir, ancak sondaj maliyetli bir işlem olduğu için kabul edilebilir belirsizlik düzeyine ulaşmak adına maliyet ve belirsizlik arasında bir denge kurulması zorunludur. Kaynak belirleme sondajlarının optimizasyonu, bu dengeyi sağlayacak şekilde sondaj noktalarının yerleşimini veya sondaj aralıklarını belirlemeye dayanır. Geometrik yaklaşım, sondaj etki alanlarının örtüşmesini en aza indirerek optimizasyon yaparken, jeoistatistik yöntemler kriging varyansı gibi ölçütlere göre belirsizliği kabul edilebilir seviyelere düşürmeye çalışır. Bilginin değeri yaklaşımı, elde edilen bilgiden ekonomik olarak en yüksek faydayı sağlarken, yanlış sınıflandırma maliyetlerini minimize etmek, ekonomik kayıpları önlemeyi hedefler. Genetik algoritmalar ve parçacık sürü optimizasyonu gibi meta-sezgisel yöntemler de belirsizlik yönetiminde etkilidir, ancak yüksek hesaplama gücü gerektirdiğinden sınırlı uygulanmaktadır. Bu optimizasyon yöntemleri, maliyetleri düşürerek ve kaynak modelinin doğruluğunu artırarak önemli katkılar sağlar.
Analytical and numerical modeling of plain concrete’s post-cracking behavior using a trilinear softening curve
Authors: Danhash Ghoson
Published: December 2024

The aim of the present work is to investigate the softening behavior of a notched concrete beam under a three-point bending test analytically, experimentally, and numerically using XFEM in Abaqus. This study presented a trilinear stress-strain softening curve-based analytical model to describe the complete flexural behavior of plain concrete beams. The article also provides the mathematical equations necessary for calculating the force-crack opening displacement during all cracking phases until failure. An inverse analysis of the force-CMOD curves obtained experimentally has optimized the parameters required for the identification of the tensile stress-crack opening relationship. The ABAQUS environment was used for numerical modeling using the extended finite element method (XFEM), and a good agreement between the experimental and numerical results has been noticed.
Treatment of wastewater from a technical poultry slaughterhouse using up flow anaerobic suspended sludge bed reactor UASB
Authors: Farhoud Nahed
Published: December 2024

Due to the wide spread of technical slaughterhouses for poultry; and the severe pollution caused by the drained water of poultry slaughterhouses, the aim of this study was to treat this water in order to protect the environment on the one hand; rationalizing water consumption on the other hand; also, this study is as a contribution to get biogas as a source of energy. In this research, the startup process was carried out at a temperature of (15 ± 2) °C, and it took (111) days, where a decrease in the COD and TDS values was observed until the COD value was fixed at (1136 mg/l), whereby the removal efficiency of COD and TDS improved. with an increase in startup time. The factors affecting the efficiency of poultry technical slaughterhouse wastewater treatment were studied which were (the residence time, the temperature, initial concentration of raw water). Five residence times were studied (6 - 18 - 24 - 35 - 48) h It was noted that the concentration of COD and TDS decreased with an increase in the hydraulic residence time. Studying the effect of temperature on the treatment efficiency within the range (5-50) °C, It was noted that the removal efficiency of COD and TDS increasing with increasing temperature, and at temperature of (45-50) C° the concentration of COD in the treated water was (285.12 mg/l), which reached the specification Syrian Standard No. 2752/2008 Class C (forest trees and industrial crops). Five initial concentrations of raw water were studied, and it was noted that the increase in the COD concentration in the raw water was accompanied by an increase in the COD concentration of the treated water. It was noticed that the removed organic load decreased with the increase in the residence time, while it was noted that with the increase in temperature, the value of the removed organic load increased. The volume of biogas resulting from the treatment was also calculated according to the same conditions studied for each experiment and by (3) replications. The maximum biogas production was 0.27 liters per gram COD removed.
Effect of Permeation Grouting Using Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) On Some Mechanical Properties of Sandy Soil
Authors: Alsakr Faten
Published: December 2024

Permeation grouting is a suitable technique to enhance the geotechnical characteristics of granular soils, several researches have proved that permeation grouting using conventional grouting materials has improved the behavior of the treated soils, but the use of conventional materials causes additional costs. Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) is a significant by-product produced in considerable quantities during the production of Ordinary Portland Cement. This study was conducted to assess the effect of permeation grouting using (CKD) grouts on enhancing some mechanical properties of coastal sandy soil in Syria. To achieve the objective of this study; a laboratory grouting model was manufactured. The studied sand has been grouted with suspensions consisting of different percentages of (CKD) (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12%) as a proportion of the dry weight of the treated sand, and various mixing ratios (Water: CKD) (2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, and 10:1). Then an inclusive laboratory study was carried out before and after grouting for (7 & 28) days of treatment. The results of this study proved the effectiveness of (CKD) grouts; the grouted sand has obtained a high unconfined compressive strength. Also, the values of both shear strength and cohesion increase, and the values of permeability coefficient decrease as (CKD) content and curing period increase.
Enhancing voltage stability and Minimizing Power Losses via Reconfiguration and Sizing of Distributed Generators
Authors: Sahib Hanady
Published: December 2024

This paper provides an alternative approach for improving voltage stability and minimizing power losses through distribution system reconfiguration and adjusting the capacities of the Distributed Generators (DGs). The problem is formulated as multi-objective functions. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is utilized to evaluate the highest system loadability and minimum power losses by optimally sizing the distributed generators along with optimal network reconfiguration. The proposed technique is applied to IEEE 69-bus radial distribution system. The results showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving the voltage profile and reducing in the power losses of the system.
Exploring Polymorphism: Flexibility and Code Reusability in Object-Oriented Programming
Authors: Ali Hussein
Published: December 2024

A key concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) is polymorphism, which enables objects or references to take on different forms depending on the situation. To allow for the creation of numerous sorts of objects, variables, and methods, it integrates ideas like virtual functions, function overriding, and function overloading. By enabling several implementations of the same function within parent classes, polymorphism promotes scalability and improves code clarity. Understanding how polymorphism is used in programming and how class objects may access and use it is crucial. This paper covers the idea of polymorphism, examines its uses, benefits, and drawbacks, and offers examples to show how it is used in OOP. Polymorphism allows for quick development, reuse of code, and flexibility in object-oriented programming paradigms.
Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete flat slabs' punching shear resistance as a function of drop panel thickness
Authors: Muhammed Twana
Published: December 2024

Ultra-high-performance concrete including fibers (UHPFRC) is used to build skyscrapers, towers, and bridges.This type of concrete may have smaller skeletal components than normal concrete. However, flat slabs are thicker than reinforced concrete slabs. Brittle punching shear failure may happen rapidly and abruptly in flat slabs. The punching load was applied to four two-way internal UHPFRC-supported flat slabs: three reinforced concrete flat slabs with 10mm, 14mm, and 18mm drop panels and one control reinforced concrete slab without drop panels. The drop panel thickness enhanced punching shear resistance by 40% at fracture load and 48% at ultimate stress. In addition, deflection, shear strain at the concrete surface, strain in reinforcement, rotation at supports, and fracture inclination angles between top and bottom fibers improved by 30%, 316 percent, 74%, 385 percent, and 1.01 percent at peak load, respectively.
Integrated Weed Management in Wheat Fields Using Reduced Herbicide Doses Combined with Allelopathic Extracts from Wild Barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch.)
Authors: Tawfeeq Didar
Published: December 2024

Weed infestation greatly decreases the productivity of wheat fields, commonly controlled by the application of synthetic herbicides. Nonetheless, the ecological impacts of these chemicals have caused interest in studying alternate methods, such as using plant extracts with allelopathic activity. This experiment was conducted at two locations (Location I - Erbil Directorate of Agricultural Research / Ainkawa and Location II - farmer land in Gwer sub-strict) to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing wild barley aqueous extracts in mixing with lower dosages of synthetic herbicides to control weeds in wheat fields (Triticum aestivum L.) and examine their impact on wheat growth parameters. The study randomly completed the block design (RCBD) with three replications in a field experiment. The treatments contained various combinations of herbicide dosage and wild barley extracts. The treatments comprised a complete application of TARZEC 320 WG herbicide (Halauxifen-methyl 70 g/kg and Pyroxsulam 250 g/kg) at a rate of 90 g/ha, aqueous extracts of wild barley at a concentration of 200 g/L, and mixtures of TARZEC at 75%, 50%, and 25% of the recommended dosage combined with 25%, 50%, and 75% wild barley extracts, respectively, and both of weedy and weed-free plots were used as controls. A significant reduction in weed growth was observed by combining wild barley extracts with lower doses of herbicides. Significant decreases in weed density were noted at the full herbicide dosage in both sites, while the control plots showed the greatest dry weed biomass at each location. The parameters of wheat growth, including plant height, biological yield, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, harvest index, and weed index, demonstrated significant variations throughout the various treatments. At location II, the weedy control plots showed the highest plant height (111.7 cm). At the same time, the weed-free plots at the same location produced the highest biological yield, reaching a record 19.52 tons per hectare. The plots tested with TARZEC and wild barley water extracts yielded the highest values for thousand-grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, and weed index. Combining allelopathic water extracts from wild barley with herbicide applications may result in a reduction exceeding 50%, thereby enhancing weed management and increasing wheat yield parameters.
Correlation and Path Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Their Impact on Kernel Yield in (F2) Hybrids of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Mohammed Masood
Published: December 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most-produced cereal, vital for food and industrial purposes. This project assessed major morphological characteristics' direct and indirect influence on maize kernel yield through path coefficient analysis. The thirty maize hybrids were tested in two locations within Garmian Region of Iraq (Kalar and Khanaqeen), and a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in each region was used. Out of the nine agronomic trait's kernel yield (KY), focus was placed on days to 50% tasseling (DTT), days to 50% silking (DTS), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), ear length (EL), number of Kernels per row (NKPR) and kernel Yield. The findings indicated that DTS had a highly significant negative correlation with kernel yield in both locations. The correlation values were -0.563 (-0.475) in Kalar (Khanaqeen). This indicates that delayed silking correlates with a reduced yield, which could be associated with the inability of the process irrespective of the soil and climatic conditions. The positive correlation between Ear Length (EL) and kernel yield was strong at 0.477 in Kalar and 0.432 in Khanaqeen. If the reasons anticipated were true, then the fact that long ear means more kernels would be the reason behind path analyses where it was found out that EL was the one with the highest positive direct impact on kernel yield, with Kalar having 0.1875 and Khanaqeen 0.529. Path coefficients also showed that the value of the coefficient of the pathway between DTS and yield was the most negative, standing at -0.469 in Kalar and -0.554 in Khanaqeen. These findings highlight the need to breed maize varieties that silk earlier and with well-developed ear traits. Furthermore, hybrids with shorter than normal periods of silking and longer ears can enhance maize production even in times of environmental stress.
Harmful and Useful Thrips in Medicago sativa L.
Authors: Nikolova Ivelina
Published: December 2024

Spring alfalfa sowing was grown under non-irrigated conditions in the Experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria. From 2018 to 2021, forage harvesting was performed at the flowering stage in four regrowth periods during the growing season. Sweeping with an entomological net was used. Canonical relationship analysis revealed that the population density of Thysanoptera phytophagous and predator species was positively related to the temperature while humidity and rainfall negatively affected the thrips numbers. Thirteen species from three families, as well as eight genera of Thysanoptera, were identified. The family Thripidae was the most diverse, with a participation rate of 53.17%, represented by five genera and ten species. The Aeolothripidae family had a participation rate of 44.0% with two species. Harmful species comprised 55.16% of the Thysanoptera species, while useful species accounted for 44.0%. The dominant species, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889, made up 37.38% of the population, followed by the subdominant species T. atratus Haliday (1836) at 9.66%. The dominant species Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall, 1934, accounted for 43.81% of the population density and mostly represented predatory thrips. Throughout the alfalfa growing season, T. tabaci was present, with the highest density observed during the second regrowth from late May to late June. The peak density occurred in the first ten days of June, during the button and early flowering stages. The population dynamics of A. intermedius corresponded with those of T. tabaci, indicating its significant role as a biological agent in alfalfa.
Photosynthetic Activity and Antioxidant Capacity of Perennial Forage Grasses
Authors: Kolaksazov Мarko , Vasileva Ivanina , Katova Aneliya
Published: December 2024

Analysis of the photosynthetic activity and the antioxidant capacity was carried out on the perennial forage grasses: English ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Tetramis cultivar, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) Albena cultivar, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) selected population, red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) ecotype Ravnogor and smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) Nika cultivar. The analysis was performed during the summer and autumn periods of growth and development. As a basic physiological process, photosynthesis is tightly related to the plant tolerance to different stressors. In addition, tolerance to the secondary exerted oxidative stress directly depends on the antioxidant content. The analysis of the antioxidant capacity was performed by the methods of ferric and molybdate reduction. Photosynthetic activity and the amount of photoprotection were determined by chlorophyll fluorescence methods. The results show about a twofold higher increase in photosynthetic activity of the light phase in F. arundinacea, F. pratensis and B. inermis in summer, which increased with about 20% in L. perenne, F. arundinacea, 25% in F. rubra and decreased with about 15% in B. inermis in autumn. However, the levels of photoinhibition were comparatively low, indicating an absence of stress in practice. The antioxidant capacity was five times higher in the smooth brome from the Nika cultivar, as compared with the other grasses. The tall fescue from the Albena cultivar had the highest photosynthetic activity, uninhibited during the measurements under the high, as well as the low temperatures.
Analysis of Pressure Losses in Conventional Hydraulic Manifolds Blocks. A Review
Authors: Țica Narcis-Ioan , Popescu Daniela
Published: December 2024

The hydraulic manifold blocks (HMB) are the main components of hydraulic systems. One main problem is the loss of hydraulic energy during operation, which might be as high as 50%. Another problem is the large weight. The scientific literature mentions two research pathways, to solve such issues. The first focuses on conventional HMB constructed by machining process, applied to different configurations. The second focuses on methods to reduce the weight and the energy loss by using additive manufacturing (AM) or laminated blocks (LB). This paper refers only to conventional HMB. The scientific literature usually uses Ansys to estimate the hydraulic energy losses and validates the findings by experiments. Results of significant investigations focusing on the 90º connections, expansion connections, contraction connections, offset connections of holes, V elbows with different angles are discussed in the present paper.
Accident Prevention in Physical Education Lesson at the Faculty of Machine Building and Industrial Management
Authors: Paraschiv Petronela
Published: December 2024

Injury prevention during physical education lessons is essential to ensure the safety of students and to enable them to actively participate in sports activities without risk. The term prevention is commonly used to stop or prevent from happening, but it also means to slow, hinder, or prevent an event before it happens. To prevent it is enough to decrease the probability of the occurrence of events from which such accidents result.
Eco-Alliance: Tackling Climate Change in the Caribbean with Chinese FDI
Authors: Zhao Yueshu
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the transformative role of Chinese FDI in catalyzing the Caribbean’s transition to renewable energy amidst significant climate vulnerabilities. It investigates the economic impacts of climate-induced disasters in the region, underscoring the necessity for renewable energy solutions to ensure sustainable development. This study highlights the potential benefits for the Caribbean by examining successful Chinese FDI examples in the renewable sectors of Suriname, Brazil, and Argentina. The article is structured to first analyze the region’s climate risks and economic impacts, then examine Chinese FDI’s contributions to renewable energy development, and finally propose policy recommendations for leveraging these investments. Through this analysis, the paper aims to contribute to sustainable development strategies, advocating for targeted policies and international collaboration to build a resilient and sustainable Caribbean in the face of climate change.
Mittag-Leffler Synchronization of Generalized Fractional-Order Reaction-Diffusion Networks Via Impulsive Control
Authors: Cao Yang , Dharani S. , Sivakumar M. , Cader Andrzej , Nowicki Robert
Published: December 2024

This study is devoted to addressing the problem of robust Mittag-Leffler (ML) synchronization for generalized fractional-order reaction-diffusion networks (GFRDNs) with mixed delays and uncertainties. The proposed GFRDNs include local field GFRDNs and static GFRDNs as its special cases. An impulsive controller is intended to achieve synchronization in GFRDNs, which was previously unsolved in integer-order generalized reaction-diffusion neural networks. Novel synchronization criteria as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are developed to undertake the ML synchronization beneath investigation. Ensuring conditions can be efficiently solved by means of MATLAB LMI toolbox. Following that, simulations are offered for proving the impact of the findings achieved.
Simulation-based Optimization for Material Handling System: A Cement Plant Case Study
Authors: Fabianová Jana , Rigó Ladislav , Kostovčík Martin , Palinský Ján
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses the optimization of material supply and handling using simulations. The primary objective is to reduce loader downtime by improving raw material procurement and revising the work schedule for material delivery and loader operations. Through the adjustments in the scheduling of raw material deliveries, excessive idle times of handling equipment are minimized. A simulation model is designed to compare the current state with the proposed optimized scenario. The reorganization reduced loader downtime by improving raw material procurement. The simulation results indicate a decrease in loader downtime, from 33% to 13% of total available time. The analysis of storage box occupancy reveals a notable increase in supply efficiency at the outdoor landfill. Adjustments enable the delivery of larger quantities of gypsum within shorter timeframes, maximizing stored material without exceeding storage capacity constraints.
The Impact of Videogame Elements in MMORPG on Consumer Retention
Authors: Divieiev Mykyta , Grigaliūnaitė Viktorija
Published: December 2024

In the modern world, the video game industry has become an integral part of entertainment and is becoming increasingly popular and large-scale. By competently developing a strategy for creating a game and highlighting priorities, companies may be able to increase customer satisfaction and, as a result, customer retention. This research aims to determine the impact of videogame elements on consumer retention in Massively Multiplayer Online Games. The research results revealed that an audio-visual group of elements provides the highest impact on the first impression of the casual player segment, while a content group of elements provides the highest impact on the first impression of the hardcore player segment. Insights from the research results might be applied by companies creating games and seeking to enhance customer retention.