Les débuts de la communauté œcuménique du Mont Athos
Authors: NASTASE D. 
Published: November 2014

<p>&nbsp;</p><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'">&Delta;. &Nu;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;ά&sigma;&epsilon;</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'"> <p>&nbsp;&Omicron;ἱ ἀ&pi;&alpha;&rho;&chi;ὲ&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ Ἁ&gamma;ί&omicron;&upsilon; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; </p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&Tau;ὴ&nu; ἵ&delta;&rho;&upsilon;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Lambda;&alpha;ύ&rho;&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ ἁ&gamma;ί&omicron;&upsilon; Ἀ&theta;&alpha;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;ί&omicron;&upsilon; (&pi;&omicron;ὺ ὁ&lambda;&omicron;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&rho;ώ&theta;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; &sigma;&tau;ὰ 963/4) ἀ&kappa;&omicron;&lambda;&omicron;ύ&theta;&eta;&sigma;&epsilon; &mu;ί&alpha; &theta;&epsilon;&alpha;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ή &alpha;ὔ&xi;&eta;&sigma;&eta; &tau;&omicron;ῦ ἀ&rho;&iota;&theta;&mu;&omicron;ῦ &tau;ῶ&nu; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῶ&nu; &tau;&omicron;ῦ Ἄ&theta;&omega;. &Sigma;&tau;ὴ &mu;&epsilon;&gamma;ά&lambda;&eta; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&lambda;&epsilon;&iota;&omicron;&psi;&eta;&phi;ί&alpha;, &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὲ&sigmaf; &omicron;ἱ &mu;&omicron;&nu;ὲ&sigmaf; ἦ&tau;&alpha;&nu; ἑ&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;έ&sigmaf;, ἀ&lambda;&lambda;ὰ &pi;&omicron;&lambda;ὺ &gamma;&rho;ή&gamma;&omicron;&rho;&alpha; ἐ&mu;&phi;&alpha;&nu;ί&sigma;&tau;&eta;&kappa;&alpha;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &mu;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ὲ&sigmaf; &tau;ῶ&nu; ὁ&pi;&omicron;ί&omega;&nu; &omicron;ἱ ἱ&delta;&rho;&upsilon;&tau;έ&sigmaf; (ή &omicron;ἱ &nu;&epsilon;&omicron;&kappa;&tau;ή&tau;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf;) &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &omicron;ἱ &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&chi;&omicron;ὶ ἦ&tau;&alpha;&nu; &Gamma;&epsilon;&omega;&rho;&gamma;&iota;&alpha;&nu;&omicron;ὶ (Ἴ&beta;&eta;&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf;), Ἀ&rho;&mu;έ&nu;&iota;&omicron;&iota;, Ἰ&tau;&alpha;&lambda;&omicron;ὶ (&laquo;&Lambda;&alpha;&tau;ί&nu;&omicron;&iota;&raquo; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὸ &Beta;&epsilon;&nu;&epsilon;&beta;έ&nu;&tau;&omicron; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ὸ Ἀ&mu;ά&lambda;&phi;&iota;, ἀ&lambda;&lambda;ὰ &kappa;&alpha;ὶ Ἕ&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; ά&pi;ὸ &tau;ὴ&nu; &Kappa;&alpha;&lambda;&alpha;&beta;&rho;ί&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ὴ &Sigma;&iota;&kappa;&epsilon;&lambda;ί&alpha;), &Rho;ῶ&sigma;&omicron;&iota;, &Beta;&omicron;ύ&lambda;&gamma;&alpha;&rho;&omicron;&iota; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἀ&rho;&gamma;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha; &Sigma;έ&rho;&beta;&omicron;&iota;. Ἔ&tau;&sigma;&iota; &delta;&eta;&mu;&iota;&omicron;&upsilon;&rho;&gamma;ή&theta;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; &sigma;&tau;ὸ&nu; Ἄ&theta;&omega; &mu;ί&alpha; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&upsilon;&epsilon;&theta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha; &mu;ὲ &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &chi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;&kappa;&tau;ή&rho;&alpha;. &Tau;ὶ&sigmaf; ἀ&pi;&alpha;&rho;&chi;ὲ&sigmaf; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; ἐ&rho;&epsilon;&upsilon;&nu;ᾶ ὁ &sigma;&upsilon;&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;έ&alpha;&sigmaf;, &sigma;&tau;&rho;έ&shy;&phi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;&omicron;&chi;ή &tau;&omicron;&upsilon; &iota;&delta;&iota;&alpha;&iota;&tau;έ&rho;&omega;&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &laquo;&xi;έ&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf;&raquo; ἀ&theta;&omega;&nu;ί&tau;&iota;&kappa;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;έ&sigmaf;.</p><p>&Theta;&epsilon;&omega;&rho;&epsilon;ῖ&tau;&alpha;&iota; ἕ&omega;&sigmaf; &tau;ώ&rho;&alpha; ὅ&tau;&iota; ἡ ἵ&delta;&rho;&upsilon;&sigma;&eta; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῶ&nu; &tau;ῶ&nu; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῶ&nu; ὀ&phi;&epsilon;ί&lambda;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;&tau;ὸ &pi;&nu;&epsilon;&upsilon;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὸ &kappa;ῦ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ Ἄ&theta;&omega; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἀ&rho;&chi;&iota;&kappa;ὰ &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;&omega;&pi;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &phi;ή&mu;&eta; &tau;&omicron;ῦ ἁ&gamma;ί&omicron;&upsilon; Ἀ&theta;&alpha;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;ί&omicron;&upsilon;. Ἀ&lambda;&lambda;ὰ ἡ ἔ&rho;&epsilon;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha; &tau;ῶ&nu; ἱ&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ῶ&nu; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&theta;&eta;&kappa;ῶ&nu; &kappa;ά&tau;&omega; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὶ&sigmaf; ὁ&pi;&omicron;ῖ&epsilon;&sigmaf; ἐ&gamma;&kappa;&alpha;&theta;ί&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;&tau;ὸ&nu; Ἄ&theta;&omega; &omicron;ἱ &xi;έ&nu;&omicron;&iota; &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&chi;&omicron;ὶ ὁ&delta;&eta;&gamma;&epsilon;ῖ ἀ&nu;&alpha;&phi;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ὰ &mu;ὲ &tau;ὸ &theta;έ&mu;&alpha; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὸ &sigma;&tau;ὰ ἑ&xi;ῆ&sigmaf; &delta;&iota;&alpha;&phi;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὰ ἀ&pi;&omicron;&tau;&epsilon;&lambda;έ&sigma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;.</p><p>Ἡ &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὴ ἀ&theta;&omega;&nu;ί&tau;&iota;&kappa;&eta; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha; &delta;&eta;&mu;&iota;&omicron;&upsilon;&rho;&gamma;ή&theta;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ &theta;έ&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῶ&nu; &beta;&upsilon;&shy;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ῶ&nu; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ό&rho;&omega;&nu;, &sigma;&tau;ὰ &pi;&lambda;&alpha;ί&sigma;&iota;&alpha; ἑ&nu;ὸ&sigmaf; &pi;&rho;&alpha;&gamma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὰ &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;ῦ &pi;&rho;&omicron;&gamma;&rho;ά&mu;&mu;&alpha;&shy;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; &mu;ὲ &theta;&rho;&eta;&sigma;&kappa;&epsilon;&upsilon;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &mu;&omicron;&rho;&phi;ή. &Alpha;ὐ&tau;ή ἡ &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha; ἀ&nu;&tau;&iota;&kappa;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&pi;&tau;&rho;ί&zeta;&epsilon;&iota; &pi;&iota;&sigma;&tau;ά, &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ὰ &tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&rho;ώ&tau;&eta; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &phi;ά&sigma;&eta;, &tau;ὴ &sigma;&tau;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&omega;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ή, &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ή, &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἐ&kappa;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&iota;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὴ ἐ&pi;έ&kappa;&tau;&alpha;&shy;&sigma;&eta; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;ί&omicron;&upsilon;, ὑ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὸ&nu; &Nu;&iota;&kappa;&eta;&phi;ό&rho;&omicron; &Phi;&omega;&kappa;ά, &tau;ὸ&nu; Ἰ&omega;ά&nu;&nu;&eta; &Tau;&sigma;&iota;&mu;&iota;&sigma;&kappa;ῆ &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ὸ&nu; &Beta;&alpha;&sigma;ί&lambda;&epsilon;&iota;&omicron; &Beta;', &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &pi;&rho;&omicron;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&zeta;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὴ&nu; ἀ&rho;&chi;ὴ &nu;ὰ ἀ&pi;&omicron;&tau;&epsilon;&lambda;έ&sigma;&epsilon;&iota; ἕ&nu;&alpha; &zeta;&omega;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu;ὸ &sigma;ύ&mu;&shy;&beta;&omicron;&lambda;&omicron; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &chi;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;έ&nu;&eta;&sigmaf;, &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἐ&pi;&iota;&kappa;&epsilon;&phi;&alpha;&lambda;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;&eta;&sigmaf;, &sigma;ύ&mu;&phi;&omega;&nu;&alpha; &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ὴ ἰ&delta;&epsilon;&omicron;&lambda;&omicron;&gamma;ί&alpha;, ἦ&tau;&alpha;&nu; &omicron;ἱ &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;ά&tau;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Kappa;&omega;&nu;&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;&omicron;ύ&pi;&omicron;&lambda;&eta;&sigmaf;. &Sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &kappa;&omicron;&rho;&upsilon;&phi;ὴ &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf;, &beta;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&kappa;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; ἡ &Lambda;&alpha;ύ&rho;&alpha; &tau;&omicron;ῦ Ἀ&theta;&alpha;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;ί&omicron;&upsilon;, ἐ&kappa;&shy;&pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;&omega;&pi;ώ&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;ὴ&nu; &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &kappa;&upsilon;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;ί&alpha; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῶ&nu; &tau;ῶ&nu; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ό&rho;&omega;&nu;. Ὅ&sigma;&omicron;&nu; ἀ&phi;&omicron;&rho;ᾶ &sigma;&tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &xi;έ&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;έ&sigmaf;, &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὲ&sigmaf; ὑ&pi;&omicron;&delta;&epsilon;ί&kappa;&nu;&upsilon;&alpha;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἐ&gamma;&gamma;&upsilon;ό&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &tau;ὴ&nu; ἀ&nu;&alpha;&gamma;&nu;ώ&rho;&iota;&sigma;&eta; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &kappa;&upsilon;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;ό&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;ῶ&nu; ἀ&nu;&tau;ί&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&iota;&chi;&omega;&nu; &chi;&omega;&rho;ῶ&nu;. Ἔ&tau;&sigma;&iota; &epsilon;&xi;&eta;&gamma;&epsilon;ῖ&tau;&alpha;&iota; &gamma;&iota;&alpha;&tau;ί, &sigma;ὲ ὅ&lambda;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;ὶ&sigmaf; &gamma;&nu;&omega;&sigma;&tau;έ&sigmaf; &mu;&alpha;&sigmaf; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&pi;&tau;ώ&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf;, &omicron;ἱ ἱ&delta;&rho;&upsilon;&tau;ὲ&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &pi;&rho;ῶ&tau;&omicron;&iota; ἡ&gamma;&omicron;ύ&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&omicron;&iota; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῶ&nu; &tau;ῶ&nu; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῶ&nu; (&tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῆ&sigmaf; Ἰ&beta;ή&rho;&omega;&nu;, &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ή&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Lambda;έ&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Beta;&epsilon;&nu;&epsilon;&beta;έ&nu;&tau;&omicron; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἀ&rho;&gamma;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &sigma;&epsilon;&rho;&beta;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Chi;&iota;&lambda;&alpha;&nu;&delta;&alpha;&rho;ί&omicron;&upsilon;) ἀ&nu;ῆ&kappa;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὶ&sigmaf; ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;&omicron;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&gamma;έ&nu;&epsilon;&iota;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &tau;ό&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;: &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&rho;&alpha;&gamma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha;, &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὰ &tau;ὰ &sigma;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὰ &pi;&rho;ό&shy;&sigma;&omega;&pi;&alpha; ἔ&rho;&chi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὸ&nu; Ἄ&theta;&omega;, ὄ&chi;&iota; &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ &delta;&iota;&kappa;ή &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&rho;&omega;&tau;&omicron;&beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;ί&alpha;, ἀ&lambda;&lambda;ὰ &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ &theta;έ&shy;&lambda;&eta;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῶ&nu; &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ῶ&nu; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ό&rho;&omega;&nu;. &Mu;ὲ &tau;ὸ&nu; ἴ&delta;&iota;&omicron; &tau;&rho;ό&pi;&omicron; -&delta;&eta;&lambda;&alpha;&delta;ὴ ἱ&delta;&rho;ύ&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; ἤ &xi;&alpha;&nu;&alpha;&chi;&tau;ί&zeta;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; &mu;ί&alpha; ἀ&theta;&omega;&nu;ί&tau;&iota;&kappa;&eta; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ὴ- &phi;&alpha;ί&nu;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; ὅ&tau;&iota; ἀ&pi;&omicron;&delta;&epsilon;ί&kappa;&nu;&upsilon;&alpha;&nu; &tau;ὴ&nu; ὄ&chi;&iota; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ό&sigma;&omicron; &sigma;ί&gamma;&omicron;&upsilon;&rho;&eta; &pi;ί&sigma;&tau;&eta; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&rho;ὸ&sigmaf; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;&kappa;&rho;ά&tau;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, &kappa;&alpha;ί ἄ&lambda;&lambda;&omicron;&iota; &xi;έ&nu;&omicron;&iota;, &epsilon;ἴ&tau;&epsilon; &pi;&rho;ώ&eta;&nu; ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;ό&nu;&epsilon;&sigmaf;, &epsilon;ἴ&tau;&epsilon; ἀ&xi;&iota;&omega;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;ῦ&chi;&omicron;&iota; &pi;&omicron;ὺ ὑ&pi;&eta;&rho;&epsilon;&tau;&omicron;ῦ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &sigma;&tau;ὸ &Beta;&upsilon;&zeta;ά&nu;&tau;&iota;&omicron;, ἤ ἀ&kappa;ό&mu;&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &mu;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &mu;&epsilon;&gamma;ά&lambda;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ὲ&sigmaf; &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&gamma;έ&nu;&epsilon;&iota;&epsilon;&sigmaf;.</p><p>Ἄ&lambda;&lambda;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ὲ&sigmaf; &laquo;ἀ&nu;&tau;&iota;&pi;&rho;&omicron;&sigma;ώ&pi;&epsilon;&upsilon;&alpha;&nu;&raquo; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&phi;&epsilon;&rho;&epsilon;&iota;&alpha;&kappa;ὲ&sigmaf; &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ὲ&sigmaf; ἐ&pi;&alpha;&rho;&chi;ί&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἀ&pi;&epsilon;&iota;&lambda;&omicron;ῦ&nu;&tau;&omicron; ἀ&pi;ὸ ἐ&chi;&theta;&rho;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; (ὅ&pi;&omega;&sigmaf; ἡ &Kappa;&alpha;&lambda;&alpha;&beta;&rho;ί&alpha;) ἤ &pi;&omicron;ὺ &epsilon;ἶ&chi;&alpha;&nu; ἤ&delta;&eta; &chi;&alpha;&theta;&epsilon;ῖ, ἀ&lambda;&lambda;ὰ &pi;&omicron;ὺ &tau;ὸ &Beta;&upsilon;&zeta;ά&nu;&tau;&iota;&omicron; &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;έ&chi;&iota;&sigma;&epsilon; &nu;ὰ &delta;&iota;&epsilon;&kappa;&delta;&iota;&kappa;&epsilon;ῖ (ὅ&pi;&omega;&sigmaf; ἡ &Sigma;&iota;&kappa;&epsilon;&lambda;ί&alpha;).</p><p>&Mu;&epsilon;&tau;ὰ &tau;ὴ&nu; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ά&kappa;&tau;&eta;&sigma;&eta; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &Beta;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;&gamma;&alpha;&rho;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; (&pi;&omicron;ὺ ὁ&lambda;&omicron;&kappa;&lambda;&eta;&rho;ώ&theta;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; &sigma;&tau;ὰ 1018), &pi;&alpha;&rho;&alpha;&chi;&omega;&rho;ή&theta;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; &sigma;&tau;&omicron;ὺ&sigmaf; &Beta;&omicron;ύ&lambda;&gamma;&alpha;&rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;, &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ&nu; ἴ&delta;&iota;&alpha; &sigma;&upsilon;&mu;&beta;&omicron;&lambda;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &sigma;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&sigma;ί&alpha; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; ὑ&pi;&omicron;&shy;&tau;&alpha;&gamma;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;, ἡ &pi;&alpha;&lambda;&alpha;&iota;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&eta; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ὴ &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Zeta;&omega;&gamma;&rho;ά&phi;&omicron;&upsilon;&raquo;. &Pi;&epsilon;&rho;ί&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;ὴ&nu; ἴ&delta;&iota;&alpha; ἐ&pi;&omicron;&chi;ή, ἡ ἵ&delta;&rho;&upsilon;&sigma;&eta; &mu;&iota;ᾶ&sigmaf; &rho;&omega;&sigma;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;ῆ&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;ὸ Ἅ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&nu; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; ἀ&nu;&tau;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&iota;&chi;&epsilon;ῖ &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ&nu; &epsilon;ἴ&sigma;&omicron;&delta;&omicron; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; ἡ&gamma;&epsilon;&mu;&omicron;&nu;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Kappa;&iota;έ&beta;&omicron;&upsilon; &sigma;&tau;ὴ &laquo;&chi;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ὴ &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;έ&nu;&eta;&raquo; &kappa;&alpha;ί, &pi;&iota;ὸ &sigma;&upsilon;&gamma;&kappa;&epsilon;&kappa;&rho;&iota;&mu;έ&nu;&alpha;, &sigma;&tau;ὴ &beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&nu;ὴ &laquo;&zeta;ώ&nu;&eta; ἐ&pi;&iota;&rho;&rho;&omicron;ή&sigmaf;&raquo;.</p><p>&Lambda;ί&gamma;&omicron; ἀ&rho;&gamma;ό&tau;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha;, ὁ &pi;&rho;ῶ&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf; &sigma;&omicron;&upsilon;&lambda;&tau;ά&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Rho;&omicron;ὺ&mu; ἀ&nu;&alpha;&gamma;&nu;ώ&rho;&iota;&sigma;&epsilon; &tau;&upsilon;&pi;&iota;&kappa;ὰ &tau;ὴ&nu; &kappa;&upsilon;&shy;&rho;&iota;&alpha;&rho;&chi;ί&alpha; &tau;&omicron;ῦ Ἀ&lambda;&epsilon;&xi;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &Alpha;' &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Kappa;&omicron;&mu;&nu;&eta;&nu;&omicron;ῦ: ἔ&tau;&sigma;&iota; ἱ&delta;&rho;ύ&theta;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; &sigma;&tau;ὸ Ἅ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&nu; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; ἡ &mu;&omicron;&nu;ὴ &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&tau;&lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;ί&omicron;&upsilon;, ὁ &kappa;&tau;ή&tau;&omega;&rho; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; ὁ&pi;&omicron;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; ἦ&tau;&alpha;&nu; ἕ&nu;&alpha;&sigmaf; &sigma;&epsilon;&lambda;&tau;&zeta;&omicron;ῦ&kappa;&omicron;&sigmaf; &pi;&rho;ί&gamma;&kappa;&eta;&pi;&alpha;&sigmaf; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὴ &delta;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&epsilon;ί&alpha; &tau;ῶ&nu; &laquo;Qutlumu&scaron;&raquo;, &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἔ&gamma;&iota;&nu;&epsilon; &mu;' &alpha;ὐ&tau;ὸ&nu; &tau;ὸ&nu; &tau;&rho;ό&pi;&omicron; &chi;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&alpha;&nu;ὸ&sigmaf; ὀ&rho;&theta;ό&delta;&omicron;&xi;&omicron;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἁ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&rho;&epsilon;ί&tau;&eta;&sigmaf; &mu;&omicron;&nu;&alpha;&chi;ό&sigmaf;.</p><p>&Alpha;ὐ&tau;ὲ&sigmaf; &omicron;ἱ &tau;&epsilon;&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&tau;&alpha;ῖ&epsilon;&sigmaf; &pi;&epsilon;&rho;&iota;&pi;&tau;ώ&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&sigmaf; &delta;&epsilon;ί&chi;&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; ὅ&tau;&iota; ἡ &laquo;&delta;&iota;&epsilon;&theta;&nu;ὴ&sigmaf; ἀ&nu;&alpha;&gamma;&nu;ώ&rho;&iota;&sigma;&eta;&raquo; &nu;έ&omega;&nu; &kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ῶ&nu; -&chi;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&alpha;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ῶ&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &mu;ὴ- ἐ&xi;&alpha;&rho;&tau;&iota;ό&tau;&alpha;&nu; ἀ&pi;ὸ &tau;ὸ Ἅ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&nu; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ί, &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&epsilon;&pi;ῶ&sigmaf;, ὅ&tau;&iota; &mu;έ&sigma;&omega; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &omicron;ἰ&kappa;&omicron;&upsilon;&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ῆ&sigmaf; ἀ&theta;&omega;&nu;ί&tau;&iota;&kappa;&eta;&sigmaf; &kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ό&tau;&eta;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ &epsilon;ἶ&chi;&epsilon; &delta;&eta;&mu;&iota;&omicron;&upsilon;&rho;&shy;&gamma;ή&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;, &tau;ὸ &Beta;&upsilon;&zeta;ά&nu;&tau;&iota;&omicron; &mu;&pi;&omicron;&rho;&omicron;ῦ&sigma;&epsilon; &nu;ὰ ἐ&pi;&iota;&beta;&lambda;&eta;&theta;&epsilon;ῖ &sigma;&tau;ὸ &delta;&iota;&epsilon;&theta;&nu;ὴ &chi;ῶ&rho;&omicron; ἀ&kappa;ό&mu;&alpha; &kappa;'ἐ&kappa;&epsilon;ῖ &pi;&omicron;ὺ &delta;ὲ&nu; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ά&phi;&epsilon;&rho;&epsilon; &nu;ὰ &tau;ὸ &pi;&epsilon;&tau;ύ&chi;&epsilon;&iota; &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ&nu; ἰ&sigma;&chi;ὺ &tau;ῶ&nu; ὅ&pi;&lambda;&omega;&nu;.</p><p>Ἡ ἔ&rho;&epsilon;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha; &sigma;&tau;&alpha;&mu;&alpha;&tau;ᾶ &sigma;&tau;ὰ 1204, ὁ&pi;ό&tau;&epsilon; ἡ ἱ&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&rho;ί&alpha; &tau;&omicron;ῦ Ἁ&gamma;ί&omicron;&upsilon; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf; &epsilon;ἰ&sigma;έ&rho;&chi;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &sigma;ὲ &mu;ί&alpha; &kappa;&alpha;&iota;&nu;&omicron;ύ&rho;&gamma;&iota;&alpha; &phi;ά&sigma;&eta;, &mu;ὲ &tau;ὴ&nu; ὁ&pi;&omicron;ί&alpha; ὁ &sigma;&upsilon;&gamma;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;έ&alpha;&sigmaf; ἀ&sigma;&chi;&omicron;&lambda;ή&theta;&eta;&kappa;&epsilon; ἀ&lambda;&lambda;&omicron;ῦ.</p><p>&Tau;ὰ ἀ&pi;&omicron;&tau;&epsilon;&lambda;έ&sigma;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῆ&sigmaf; &tau;ῆ&sigmaf; ἔ&rho;&epsilon;&upsilon;&nu;&alpha;&sigmaf;, &delta;&epsilon;ί&chi;&nu;&omicron;&upsilon;&nu; ὅ&tau;&iota; ὁ &rho;ό&lambda;&omicron;&sigmaf; &pi;&omicron;ὺ ἔ&pi;&alpha;&iota;&xi;&epsilon; &tau;ὸ Ἅ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&nu; Ὄ&rho;&omicron;&sigmaf; &sigma;&tau;ὴ&nu; ἱ&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&rho;ί&alpha; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &Beta;&upsilon;&zeta;&alpha;&nu;&tau;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;&omicron;ῦ Ἑ&lambda;&lambda;&eta;&nu;&iota;&sigma;&mu;&omicron;ῦ, ἀ&lambda;&lambda;ὰ &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἄ&lambda;&lambda;&omega;&nu; &lambda;&alpha;ῶ&nu;, ὀ&rho;&theta;ό&delta;&omicron;&xi;&omega;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &mu;ή, ἦ&tau;&alpha;&nu; &pi;&omicron;&lambda;ὺ &pi;&iota;ὸ &sigma;&eta;&mu;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&iota;&kappa;ὸ&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &pi;&omicron;&lambda;&upsilon;&delta;&iota;ά&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf;, ἀ&pi;' ὅ,&tau;&iota; &theta;ὰ &mu;&pi;&omicron;&rho;&omicron;ύ&sigma;&alpha;&mu;&epsilon; &nu;ὰ &phi;&alpha;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;ῦ&mu;&epsilon;.</p></span>