bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Routing Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks with Link Score and Delay Awareness
Authors: M RAGHAVENDRA Y , B MAHADEVASWAMY U , M ASHA , G MANJULA
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a novel delay-aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that considers link quality in addition to hop count to improve the network performance. The proposed protocol, called Link Score based Delay Aware Routing (LSDAR), calculates the link score for each potential next hop based on its residual energy, delay, and packet delivery ratio. The link score is used to select the best next hop with the lowest delay and highest link quality. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms existing protocols in terms of network lifetime, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio, while also reducing the number of data packet collisions and improving energy efficiency. Through simulation evaluations, it was discovered that SBLDAR can enhance the network lifetime of the considered protocols while simultaneously preserving the average data transmission delay. LSDAR was found to have nearly 75% greater throughput and saved 60% of the total energy consumed when compared to existing protocols. Therefore, the proposed LSDAR protocol is a promising solution for delay-sensitive applications in WSNs.
On intrinsic susceptibility of healthy organs to primary cancer or metastasis
Authors: Gelemanovic Andrea , Vidovic Tinka , Radman Miroslav , Trajkovic Katarina
Published: August 2023

Although primary cancer can affect any part of the body, there is a striking variability in cancer prevalence across different organs. Moreover, metastases are non-randomly distributed among organs, with lung, liver, lymph nodes and bone acting as metastatic hotspots. The reasons for such inter-organ variability in the prevalence of primary cancers and metastases are insufficiently understood. In this in silico study we show that susceptibility of organs to a primary cancer or a metastasis is linked with their distinctive intrinsic features in the healthy state. In particular, while susceptibility of an organ to primary cancer is associated with the abundance of arterial endothelial cells and atypical gene expression, susceptibility to metastases correlates with high content of immune cells and high expression of immune genes. These data shed light on some fundamental aspects of cancer biology and pave new avenues for mitigation of cancer.
"Magnetic gates" of accreting X-ray pulsars during giant outbursts
Authors: Peng Han-Long , Zhang Yan , Xu Yu-Jing , Li X-D , Zhao Hai-Hui , Yan Jingzhi , Liu Qingzhong , Weng Shan-Shan
Published: August 2023

X-ray pulsars (XRPs) consist of a magnetized neutron star (NS) and an optical donor star. The NS accretes matter from the donor star, producing pulsed X-ray emission. In most cases the donor stars are Be stars, and accretion is episodic, that is, the NSs are generally X-ray dim, but occasionally experience outbursts. The triggering mechanism of giant outbursts remains mysterious. Here, we carry out a statistical study with the X-ray monitoring data, and obtain strong correlations between the spin periods of the NSs and the outburst parameters for the first time. We show that XRPs containing faster rotating NSs tend to display more violent eruptions. These results provide clear evidence of ``magnetic gates", that is, larger accretion rates are required to penetrate into a faster rotating magnetosphere.
Computational Exploration of Lung Function Genetics Across Populations via Public GWAS Data Integration
Authors: Zainab Afeefa , Anzawa Hayato , Kinoshita Kengo
Published: August 2023

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is a highly prevalent disease, making it a leading cause of death worldwide. Several GWAS have been performed across multiple populations to measure lung function and identify loci associated with COPD. Population-specific GWAS shows that every population has a different ancestral genetic composition for the same disease in different populations. To analyze trans-ethnic genetics, GWAS meta-analysis is the commonly used method; however, meta-analysis has some limitations in terms of genetic heterogeneity when used for cross-population GWAS analysis, even though transethnic analyses are becoming increasingly important for personalized medicine in each population. In this study, we proposed a transethnic linkage disequilibrium LD analysis to identify common and unique functional variants in different population cohorts.
Methods: Lung function measurement is used as an indicator for the risk prediction of COPD; therefore, we used lung function GWAS data from two populations. The results from the Japanese and European population GWAS for lung function were re-evaluated using a trans-ethnic LD approach.
Results: This study identified nine novel independent significant single nucleotide variants SNVs and four lead SNVs in three genomic risk loci in the Japanese GWAS, whereas five novel lead SNVs and 17 novel independent significant SNPs were identified in 21 genomic risk loci in the European population. Comparative analysis revealed 28 genes that were similar in the prioritized gene lists of both populations. We also performed a meta-analysis-based post-GWAS analysis that identified 18 common genes in both populations less frequently than in our approach. Our approach identified significant novel associations and genes that have not been previously reported or were missed in the meta-analysis.
Conclusions: This study proposes a trans-ethnic LD approach for cross-population GWAS analysis that will help understand genetic diversity among different populations and identify generalized and population-specific treatment and diagnostic options.
Effects of 12 weeks of low molecular collagen peptide supplementation on body composition in overweight Korean adults aged 50 years and older
Authors: Park Jeong Bin
Published: August 2023

After the age of 50, their muscle mass gradually declines each year, and the lost muscle is often replaced by fat mass. Insufficient protein intake after middle age further accelerates this process. Previous studies that have used collagen as a supplementation, which accounts for about 30% of the body's protein, have combined it with resistance exercise. This study investigated the effects of collagen supplementation on body composition in individuals over the age of 50 (23≤BMI≤32), while maintaining their daily activity levels constant. Participants were assigned to either the collagen group (n=42) or the placebo group(n=42). Collagen supplementation (15g of collagen) and placebo product (xanthan gum) were offered. Bioactive Collagen Peptides, which is a type of low molecular weight collagen extracted from porcine raw materials, was used. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were taken for analysis. Physical activities and dietary intake were measured by international physical activity questionnaire and a 3-day food record, respectively. 74 participants in the collagen group (n=37) and placebo group (n=37) were used in the final analysis. Physical activity and dietary intake showed no significant difference between the two groups. The collagen group showed a significant reduction in total body fat mass compared to the placebo group, as evidenced by both BIA (P=0.021) and DEXA (P=0.041) measurements. There were no significant differences in blood measurements between the two groups. Therefore, the intake of collagen supplementation after middle age may be used for preventing age related fat mass accumulation.
The evaluation of nightshade elimination diet (NED) on inflammatory and rheumatologic markers of rheumatoid arthritis patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Golmohammadi Ashkan , Hosseinikia Mahboobe , Sadeghi Mohammad Kazem , Golampur Dariush , Hosseinzadeh Zahra , Panahande SeyedBahman
Published: August 2023

Background and objectives
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease with the global prevalence rate of 1%. Some RA patients constantly complain about adverse effects they are experiencing after consumption of nightshades. These plants contain Solanine which can cause damage to the bones and joints. Considering the literature, no RCT has been conducted about nightshade effects on RA patients, this study aims to assess the impact of a nightshade elimination diet (NED) on inflammatory and rheumatologic markers of rheumatoid arthritis patients for the first time.
Methods
A single-blinded controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the effect of a NED on 36 participants for 8 weeks (2 months). The patients will be equally divided in two intervention and placebo groups. Both groups will receive general anti-inflammatory dietary recommendations and the Intervention group will be undergone a NED during the study. Clinical symptoms will be determined using questionnaires. Moreover, blood samples will be collected from participants to measure desired indicators.
Discussion
To the best of our knowledge, this study will be the first RCT investigating the effect of NED on inflammatory and rheumatologic markers of rheumatoid arthritis patients. The possible results of this study could be useful for nutritionists and physicians in managing RA patients.
Trial registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (irct.ir) IRCT20230220057465N1. Registered on 8 April 2023.
Variation and Spatial Distribution of Emissions from Livestock Manure Management in Iran: An Evaluation and Location Analysis
Authors: Vaysi Ali , Pashaki Saeed Ghanbari Azad , Rohani Abbas , Khojastehpour Mehdi
Published: August 2023

As the demand for livestock and poultry supply chain continues to rise, managing the ever-increasing amount of livestock manure has become a significant challenge. In this study, we employ two models of neural networks, namely the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) models, to accurately forecast the production of livestock and poultry manure from 2020 to 2030. The aim is to aid decision-making processes in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by manure storage. Our results reveal that the RBF model outperforms the MLP model in terms of accuracy and reliability. According to our predictions, the provinces of Iran are estimated to produce 10782.4 and 6469.44 Mm3.year− 1 of biogas and biomethane, respectively, from livestock and poultry manure in 2030. This is equivalent to 4.03% and 4.98% of Iran's annual gas and electricity consumption in 2030. Our findings also show that the manure management system will produce 14 million tons of carbon dioxide in 2030, equivalent to 16.71% of GHG emissions in the agricultural sector. Our scenario analysis indicates that using biomethane produced from biogas instead of natural gas in 2030 is the most effective action to reduce GHG emissions in the energy sector compared to the current trend of manure management. Our study highlights the potential of neural network models in accurately forecasting livestock manure production and in developing strategies for reducing GHG emissions.
RETRACTED: Histopathologic Image-based Deep Learning Classifier for Predicting Platinum-based Treatment Responses in High-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Park Eunhyang , Ahn Byungsoo , Moon Damin , Lee Chung , Cho Nam Hoon , Choi Heung-Kook , Kim Dongmin , Lee Jung-Yun , Nam Eun Ji , Won Dongju , An Hee Jung , Kwon Sun Young , Sung Sun Hee , Shin Su-Jin , Jung Hye Ra , Kwon Dohee , Park Heejung , Kim Milim , Cha Yoon Jin , Park Hyunjin , Lee Yangkyu , Noh Songmi , Lee Yong-Moon , Choi Sung-Eun , Kim Ji Min
Published: August 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Temporal trends, sex differences, and age-related disease influence in Neutrophil, Lymphocyte count and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte-ratio. Results from InCHIANTI follow-up study.
Authors: Pellegrino Raffaello , Paganelli Roberto , Iorio Angelo Di , Bandinelli Stefania , Moretti Antimo , Iolascon Giovanni , Sparvieri Eleonora , Tarantino Domiziano , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: August 2023

Background
Neutrophils and lymphocytes represent the larger percentage of all white bloodcells, they vary with age, with a progressive increase of the ratio in the first years of life, and then tend to remain at similar levels in steady state condition during adult age. Neutrophils to lymphocytes-ratio (NL-ratio) was proposed as an effective and low-cost marker to monitor and predict the evolution of severalclinical conditions.
The main objective of the study is to analyze its temporal trend variation, over twenty years’ follow-up, according to age, sex, and main clinical diagnosis, in a large representative Italian population.
Methods
The InCHIANTI study enrolled representative samples from the registry list of two towns in Tuscany, Italy. Baseline data were collected in 1998, and last follow-up visits were made in 2015-18. 1343 out of the 1453 participants enrolled were included, and consented to donate a blood sample. All subjects were assessed and followed for life-style, clinical condition, physical performance, and underwent an instrumental diagnostic session.
Results
The NL-ratio showed a statistically significant interaction between birth-cohort and time of the study (p-value=0.005). A gender dimorphism was recognized in the neutrophils absolute count and in the NL-ratio. Moreover, in female participants only, those who reported CHF had lower neutrophil-count and NL-ratio; whereas an increase in creatinine clearance was directly associated with NL-ratio. In male subjects, an increase of BMI was inversely associated with both NL-ratio and neutrophils-count during the follow-up; a similar association but in the opposite direction was observed in female participants.
Conclusion
NL-ratio is a more reliable predictor of healthy aging than absolute lymphocytes and/or neutrophils counts. It is associated with the changes induced by disease, lifestyle, and environmental challenges in the immune system. NL-ratio confirms the gender dimorphism in the occurrence of inflammation-driven diseases, thus providing additional evidence for the necessity of tailored sex-specific measures to prevent and treat such diseases.
Predicting Dental Anxiety in Young Adults: Classical Statistical Modelling Approach Versus Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ogwo Chukwuebuka , Osisioma Wisdom , Okoye Ifeanyi , Patel Jay
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo predict and identify the key demographic and clinical exposure factors associated with dental anxiety among young adults, and to compare if the traditional statistical modelling approach provides similar results to the machine learning (ML) approach in predicting factors for dental anxiety.MethodsA cross-sectional study of Western Illinois University students. Three survey instruments (sociodemographic questionnaire, modified Corah’s dental anxiety scale (MDAS), and dental concerns assessment tool (DCA)) were distributed via email to the students using survey monkey. The dependent variable was the mean MDAS scores while the independent variables were the sociodemographic and dental concern assessment variables. Multivariable analysis was done by comparing the classical statistical model and the ML model. The classical statistical modelling technique was conducted using the multiple linear regression analysis and the final model was selected based on Akaike information Criteria (AIC) using the backward stepwise technique while the ML modelling was performed by comparing two ML models: LASSO regression and extreme gradient boosting machine (XGBOOST) under 5-fold cross-validation using the resampling technique. All statistical analyses were performed using R version 4.1.3.ResultsThe mean MDAS was 13.73 ± 5.51. After careful consideration of all possible fitted models and their interaction terms the classical statistical approach yielded a parsimonious model with 13 predictor variables with Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) of 2376.4. For the ML approach, the Lasso regression model was the best-performing model with a mean RMSE of 0.617, R2of 0.615, and MAE of 0.483. Comparing the variable selection of ML versus the classical statistical model, both model types identified 12 similar variables (out of 13) as the most important predictors of dental anxiety in this study population.ConclusionThere is a high burden of dental anxiety within this study population. This study contributes to reducing the knowledge gap about the impact of clinical exposure variables on dental anxiety and the role of ML in the prediction of dental anxiety. The predictor variables identified can be used to create a web application that can be used in the clinic for the diagnosis of dental anxiety and the design of patient-specific interventions.
Identification of hub genes and biological mechanisms associated with periodontitis and diabetes
Authors: Luo Rong , Liang Zhenye , Chen Huijun , Dan Baobao , Lin Xinlu
Published: August 2023

Background
Periodontitis is independent associated with s diabetes (DM). However, the molecular mechanisms of complex interactions between DM and periodontitis are still unclear. This study was aim to explore the shared genes and common signatures of DM and periodontitis via bioinformatic analysis.
Methods
The series matrix files of GSE7014 of DM and GSE16134 of periodontitis were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Using R package to normalize the data and the utilizing limma package to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed via the “cluster profiler” package in R software. Protein-protein network was conducted to analyze the potential relationship among the proteins and CytoHubba, a plug-in for Cytoscape software, was used to identify the hub genes. GSE15932 for DM and GSE10334 for periodontitis were selected to be the validation datasets. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves analysis was performed to obtain the area under the ROC curve. Correlations between hub genes and immune cells via immune infiltration analysis.
Results
There were 249 common DEGs were identified. LAPTM5, RAC2, LYN were identified as the hub genes, which were all up-regulated, of DM and periodontitis. The area under the curve of the 3 hub genes were all more than 0.7. The activation of B cells, and T cells as well as the phagocytosis could be the central role in the development of the both diseases.
Conclusions
LAPTM5, RAC2, LYN were defined as the hub genes of DM and periodontitis. The activation of B cells, and T cells as well as the phagocytosis could be the central role in the development of the both disease, which might the potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.
Evaluation of safety and efficacy of amniotic mesenchymal stem cells for POI in animals
Authors: Yang Yuan , Zhang Xianping , Yan Tenglong , Hua Jiangzhou , Zhang Hongmei , Tang Shihuan , Li Shiping , Xue Zhigang , Li Li , Zheng Chunbing
Published: August 2023

The efficacy of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) ovarian injection for improving ovarian function of POI (Premature ovarian failure) patients has been showed in some reports. However, the safety and efficacy of the hAMSCs vein injection remains unclear. In this study, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of hAMSCs intravenous injection in cynomolgus macaques and SD rats, and to provide the evidence for clinical trials. The hAMSCs were transplanted three times in SD rats at low, medium and high doses, respectively. The animal behavior, biochemical and biophysical parameters were routinely monitored on a 2-month period posttransplantation, and the histopathologic examinations were also performed. Experiments on the acute toxicity, allergy test and hemolysis test showed that hAMSCs possesses good biocompatibility. Our results showed that maximum tolerated dose of hAMSCs in SD rats was 4.0×107cells/kg. The maximum safe dose with three injections of hAMSCs in SD rats was 5.0×106cells/kg. In addition, the results demonstrated that hAMSCs could restore the POI rats ovarian function after twice injected with 2.5×106cells/kg or 5.0×106cells/kg dose, which through improving the disturbed estrous cycle, hormone levels and ovarian lesion induced by pZP3. In conclusion, the preclinical results suggested that the transplantation of hAMSCs is safe and efficacious for SD rats at 5.0×106cells/kg and lower doses.
Interventions to prevent pregnancy-induced hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Yu , Guo kangle , Ma Yanxi , Yang Yongxiu , Yang Kehu
Published: August 2023

Objective
A network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials was conducted to investigate the effects of different interventions in preventing pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Methods
English databases were searched for randomized controlled trials reporting different interventions in preventing pregnancy-induced hypertension. The risk of bias for the included trials was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook tool. Stata 15.1 software was used to perform network meta-analysis.
Results
A total of 47 studies involving 57,836 pregnant women were included in the network meta-analysis. For all included trials, 14 interventions were reported, which yielded 91 pairs of comparisons. The network meta-analysis showed that compared with Usual-care, interventions could significantly lower the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including yoga (odds ratio (OR) = 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.02, 0.52]) and walking (OR = 0.51, 95% CI [0.27, 0.95]). Moreover, Yoga (OR = 0.11, 95% CI [0.02, 0.95]) and calcium supplementation (OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.53, 0.94]) were superior to placebo in the prevention of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Finally, the surface under the cumulative ranking curve revealed that yoga had the highest probability of becoming the best intervention.
Conclusions
Maternal exercise (yoga and walking) or calcium supplementation might be the preventative tools for pregnancy-induced hypertension. However, given the limited number of trials and potential heterogeneity, more high-quality trials are needed to confirm the current findings.
Novel polyethylene glycol/nanosilica Reinforced Polyurethane mixed matrix nanocomposite membrane with enhanced gas separation properties
Authors: Abdolmaleki Milad , Jazani Omid Moini , Moradi Hamidreza , Malayeri Mojtaba , Mehradnia Fatemeh
Published: August 2023

In this study, the effect of nanosilica (SiO2) reinforcement on the gas separation properties of polyurethane/polyethylene glycol (PU-PEG) nanocomposite membrane was investigated. Formulation optimization of PU-PEG-SiO2triple nanocomposite membrane was performed using experimental design and the Taguchi method. The effects of different formulation variables including nanosilica content, PEG content and molecular weight on the permeability and selectivity of CO2, N2, O2and CH4gases were investigated. The morphological and structural properties of the membranes were investigated by SEM, XRD, and FTIR analysis. Finally, the selectivity of optimal nanosilica-reinforced membrane was evaluated by Robeson's upper bound diagram. The obtained results showed that increasing the PEG content improves the gas permeability of the membrane due to its plasticizing effect. However, PEG plasticizing effect decreased at higher molecular weights and resulted in permeability reduction. By increasing the nanosilica content, the permeability of all the gasses reduced but the selectivity of the membrane for CO2over CH4and N2improved. Finally, PU-20% PEG6000-5% SiO2formulation which had the best selectivity for CO2/CH4gases and was closer to Robeson’s upper bound line was chosen as the optimal composition. In conclusion, PEG/nanosilica-reinforced Polyurethane nanocomposite membrane could serve as a promising candidate for efficient gas separation applications.
Lower risks of gastrointestinal perforation and intestinal obstruction in patients with atypical antipsychotics in comparison with typical antipsychotics based on real-world data from the MID-NET® in Japan
Authors: Hasegawa Tomoaki , Sawada Sono , Saito Tomoyuki , Kohama Mei , Kajiyama Kazuhiro , Ishiguro Chieko , Nonaka Takahiro , Okamura Toshiyuki , Iwasaki Yukari , Ueda Takahiro , Iguchi Toyotaka , Horiuchi Naoya , Uyama Yoshiaki
Published: August 2023

Intestinal perforation and obstruction are known to be one of adverse events caused by antipsychotics; however, warning information on package inserts varies among antipsychotics. To investigate the risks of gastrointestinal perforation and intestinal obstruction in patients prescribed atypical antipsychotics compared with those in patients prescribed typical antipsychotics, a nested case-control study was conducted utilizing real-world data from the MID-NET® medical information database in Japan. The study period spanned from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. Consequently, the risks of gastrointestinal perforation and intestinal obstruction in patients prescribed atypical antipsychotics were significantly lower than those in patients prescribed typical antipsychotics (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–0.80). This finding was supported with prolonged periods for the exposure definition in the sensitivity analyses. In addition, no major differences in the risks of atypical antipsychotics, such as risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, and aripiprazole, were identified in this study. The safety profile regarding the lower risks of gastrointestinal perforation and intestinal obstruction in patients prescribed atypical antipsychotics should be considered when choosing antipsychotics in clinical practice in terms of the proper use of a drug.
Prevalence and Risk Estimates of Cryptosporidium oocysts Infection Associated with Consumption of Raw-Eaten Vegetables in Maiduguri Metropolis, Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Saidu Adamu Saleh , Mohammed S. , Gidado A. S. , Mohammad A. S. , Tijjani A. O. , Musa H. I. , Jajere S. M. , Goni M. D. , Mohammed A. , Idriss M. D.
Published: August 2023

Cryptosporidium is one of the most important protozoan parasitic pathogens and it is a common cause of diarrhea in humans, domestic animals, and wild vertebrates and has serious public health threats. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in raw-eaten vegetables in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council (MMC) and Jere Local Government Areas (LGAs). A total of 400 samples were collected from four (4) different locations, namely: Tashan Bama, Gomboru, and Monday Markets (n = 100), while fifty (n = 50) each from 202-Vegetable-Vendors and Unimaid Commercials. A total of 16 visits were conducted in all the sampling areas (twenty-five samples per visit). The Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected using the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Technique. The locations, sources, and types of raw-eaten vegetables were also assessed. The oocysts were confirmed (×100) as bright pink spherules. Data generated were analyzed using IBM-SPSS V23.0 and p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Out of the total samples (n = 400) analyzed, Cabbage appeared to have the highest number of 10 (12.5%) of Cryptosporidium oocysts detected, while Tomato and garden egg had 9(11.3%) and 1(1.2%) respectively. There was a statistically significant association (χ2 = 12.5, P = 0.014) between the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in raw-eaten vegetables and vegetable types. Among the sources of the vegetables sampled; Alau had the highest number 15(12.5%) of Cryptosporidium oocysts, then followed by Kilari Abdullahi and Zabarmari sources with 4(10.0%) and 4(5.0%) respectively. However, Jetete appeared to have the least number 2(2.5%) of oocysts and there was a statistically significant association (χ2=10.4, P = 0.034) between the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and the sources of vegetables and fruits.
The study concludes that the raw-eaten vegetables sampled from Maiduguri Metropolis were contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocysts. The study recommends that all raw-eaten vegetables should be from cleaned sources and washed before consumption. Consumers should be enlightened on the hygienic measures to be taken in the food chain in line with the HACCP principles.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(β-alanine-b-vinyl benzyl-g-vinyl chloride) block-graft copolymers by using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and 'click' chemistry
Authors: Savaş Bedrettin , Öztürk Temel
Published: August 2023

Synthesis and characterization of poly(β-alanine-b-vinyl benzyl-g-vinyl chloride) [poly(BA-b-VB-g-VC)] block-graft copolymer was done by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and 'click' chemistry. For this, poly-β-alanine with a vinyl end group was synthesized by hydrogen transfer polymerization of acrylamide. Bromine-terminated poly-β-alanine (PBA-Br) was obtained by treating the synthesized poly-β-alanine with hydrogen bromide. Poly-β-alanine ethyl xanthate (macro-RAFT agent) was synthesized using PBA-Br and potassium ethyl xanthate. Poly(β-alanine-b-vinyl benzyl chloride) [poly(BA-b-VBC)] block copolymer was obtained by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of macro-RAFT agent with vinyl benzyl chloride. Azido-terminated poly(β-alanine-b-vinyl benzyl chloride) [poly(BA-b-VBC)-N3] was synthesized by the reaction of poly(BA-b-VBC) with sodium azide. Alkyne-terminated polyvinyl chloride (PVC-propargyl) was obtained by treating polyvinyl chloride with propargyl alcohol. Finally, the synthesis of poly(BA-b-VB-g-VC) block-graft copolymer was carried out by the 'click' chemistry method of poly(BA-b-VBC)-N3 and PVC-propargyl. The products were characterized by various spectroscopic and thermal methods.
Exploring Awareness, Perceptions, and Barriers to Seeking Care for Prenatal Complications among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Otu Kate Hagar , Aniyete Patience , Annan Benjamin , Ntiamoah Mabel , Boadum Oheneba , Antwi-Boasiako Charles
Published: August 2023

Background: Maternal mortality due to prenatal complications remains a concern in middle-income countries. In Ghana, efforts to reduce maternal deaths have not yielded significant results. This study aimed to assess pregnant women's awareness of complications, identify influencing factors, explore barriers to care, and propose interventions. By addressing these issues, the study aims to improve understanding, promote timely intervention, and ultimately reduce maternal mortality rates in Ghana through targeted interventions and comprehensive health education programs. Methodology: A qualitative research design, specifically an interpretive descriptive approach, was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of pregnant women’s awareness of danger signs and the challenges they face in accessing care. This research framework of interpretivism allows researchers to understand a phenomenon by considering the multiple interpretations of participants in a similar context. The target population comprised pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at a tertiary hospital in Ghana. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who met the study’s objectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were collected until saturation was reached. Results: Ten participants aged between 24 and 37 were interviewed. There were ten main themes that emerged from the interviews: perceptions of causes, varying awareness of complications, categories of complications, effects of complication on mothers and babies, response to complications, referrals, care-seeking behavior, treatment variations, support and barriers to seeking care. These findings provide valuable insights into participants' experiences and knowledge regarding prenatal complications and care-seeking. Conclusion: The study concluded that pregnant women interviewed had limited knowledge and awareness of danger signs and complications. Higher education, attending antenatal care, and exposure to health education programs improved knowledge. Targeted interventions, comprehensive health education, and regular antenatal care are vital for enhancing awareness. Culturally sensitive care, support, and information should be provided to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Addressing geographical barriers, financial constraints, and inadequate knowledge is necessary to ensure timely and appropriate prenatal care access
Time-resolved crystallography of boric acid binding to the active site serine of the β-lactamase CTX-M-14 and subsequent 1,2-diol esterification
Authors: Betzel Christian , Prester Andreas , Perbandt Markus , Galchenkova Marina , Oberthuer Dominik , Werner Nadine , Henkel Alessandra , Maracke Julia , Yefanov Oleksandr , Hakanpää Johanna , Pompidor Guillaume , Meyer Jan , Chapman Henry , Aepfelbacher Martin , Hinrichs Winfried , Rohde Holger
Published: August 2023

β-lactamase inhibitors are central in overcoming emerging antibiotic resistance, and boronate-based β-lactamase inhibitors were just recently approved to treat multidrug-resistant bacteria. Using boric acid as a simplified inhibitor model, time-resolved serial crystallography was employed to obtain mechanistic insights into binding to the active site serine of β-lactamase CTX M 14, identifying a reaction time frame of 80 – 100 ms. In a next step, the subsequent 1,2-diol boric ester formation with glycerol in the active site was monitored proceeding in a time frame of 100 – 250 ms. Furthermore, the displacement of the crucial anion in the active site of the β-lactamase was verified as an essential part of the binding mechanism of substrates and inhibitors. In total, 22 datasets of β lactamase intermediate complexes with high spatial resolution of 1.40 – 2.04 Å and high temporal resolution range of 50 – 10000 ms were obtained, allowing a detailed analysis of the studied processes. Mechanistic details captured here contribute to the understanding of the recently developed class of boronate-based β lactamase inhibitors.
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytosis mimicking neurosyphilis—a case report
Authors: Xu Ting , Chen Jingyun , Xuan Tingting , Yang Juan
Published: August 2023

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytoma is an autoimmune neuroinflammatory condition. The clinical manifestation of this condition may bear resemblance to that of infectious meningitis. The following report details the case of a female patient who exhibited symptoms of headache and fever, and had a medical history of syphilis. During the patient's hospitalization, the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis and elevated total protein levels, the result of the treponema pallidum antibody agglutination test yielded a positive outcome, initially yielded a negative result for GFAP antibodies, neurosyphilis was initially suspected. However, following treatment, the patient's symptoms worsened and she developed urinary dysfunction. The complete enhancement of the spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a linear strengthening of the spinal membrane at the thoracic spine 9-lumbar 1 region, and a examination for autoimmune encephalitis-associated antibodies yielded positive results for GFAP antibodies. Therefore, autoimmune GFAP astrocytosis should be considered when the patient has a previous history of syphilis and the clinical symptoms and cytological and biochemical tests in the CSF are similar to neurosyphilis, but other tests related to neurosyphilis are negative and there are non-specific changes on imaging.
Decentralized clinical trials: scientific considerations through the lens of the estimand framework
Authors: Izem Rima , Zuber Emmanuel , Daizadeh Nadia , Bretz Frank , Sverdlov Alex , Edrich Pascal , Branson Janice , Degtyarev Evgeny , Sfikas Nikolaos , Hemmings Robert
Published: August 2023

While the industry and regulators’ interest in decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) is long-standing, the Covid-19 pandemic accelerated and broadened the adoption and experience with these trials. The key idea in decentralization is bringing the clinical trial design, typically on-site, closer to the patient’s experience (on-site or off-site). Thus, potential benefits of DCTs include reducing the burden of participation in trials, broadening access to a more diverse population, or using innovative endpoints collected off-site.
This paper helps researchers to carefully evaluate the added value and the implications of DCTs beyond the operational aspects of their implementation. The proposed approach is to use the ICH E9(R1) estimand framework to guide the strategic decisions around each decentralization component. Furthermore, the framework can guide the process for clinical trialists to systematically consider the implications of decentralization, in turn, for each attribute of the estimand. We illustrate the use of this approach with a fully DCT case study and show that the proposed systematic process can uncover the scientific opportunities, assumptions and potential risks associated with a possible use of decentralization components in the design of a trial. This process can also highlight the benefits of specifying estimand attributes in a granular way. Thus, we demonstrate that bringing a decentralization component into the design will not only impact estimators and estimation but can also correspond to addressing more granular questions, thereby uncovering new target estimands.
Age at menarche is associated with sleep duration in postmenopausal women: A Nationally Representative Study
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiu , Jiang Jing , Xia YangJingYi , Chen Ming , Li Jiahaun , Wu Wenzhong
Published: August 2023

Background The association between age at menarche (AAM) and sleep duration has been affirmed in some studies. The majority of the subjects, however, were teenagers. Given the prevalence of inadequate sleep duration in postmenopausal women, we undertook this study to investigate the association between AAM and sleep duration in postmenopausal women. Methods The study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2014. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the AAM and sleep duration, and a subgroup analysis based on age, diabetes, and hypertension was performed. Results Compared to the group with an AAM < 10 years old, women with later AAM have a greater chance of adequate sleep (AAM between 10 and 12 years old: odds ratio (OR) = 2.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.65–4.41, P < 0.001; AAM between 13 and 15 years old: OR = 2.77, 95%CI: 1.70–4.52, P < 0.001; AAM ≥ 16: OR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.29–3.85, P = 0.004). After we have made several different multivariate-adjusted models, the above conclusions can still be derived (P < 0.05). In women aged 61 to 71, non-hypertensive patients, and a proportion of patients with diabetes, there is no greater likelihood that other groups will get adequate sleep duration than the reference group (P > 0.05). Conclusions The effect of the AAM on sleep duration has a long-term effect. It is of great significance to avoid early AAM by actively adjusting lifestyle and other methods to prevent the shortening of sleep duration after menopause.
High-efficiency, low-speckle contrast white laser lighting via multi-stage scattering and photon recycling
Authors: Liu Jifeng , Wang Xiaoxin , Carver Charles , Shade Nicholas , Fossum Eric , Zhou Xia
Published: August 2023

Lighting consumes > 10% of the global electricity. White laser lighting, utilizing either direct color mixing or phosphor-conversion, can potentially boost the efficiency well beyond existing light emitting diodes (LEDs) especially at high current density. Here we present a compact, universal packaging platform for both laser lighting schemes, which is simultaneously scalable to wavelength division multiplexing for visible light communication. Using commercially available laser diodes and optical components, low-speckle contrast ≤ 5% and uniform illumination is achieved by multi-stage scattering and photon recycling through a mixing rod and static diffusers in a truncated-pyramidal reflective cavity. We demonstrate a high luminous efficacy of 274 lm/Wo for phosphor-converted laser lighting and 150 lm/Wo for direct red-green-blue laser mixing, respectively, in reference to the input optical power. In the former case, the luminous efficacy achieved for practical lighting is even higher than most of the previous reports measured using integrating spheres. In the latter case of direct laser color mixing, to our best knowledge, this is the first time to achieve a luminous efficacy approaching their phosphor-conversion counterparts in a compact package applicable to practical lighting. With future improvement of blue laser diode efficiency and development of yellow/amber/orange laser diodes, we envision that this universal white laser package can potentially achieve a luminous efficacy > 275 lm/We in reference to the input electrical power, ~ 1.5x higher than state-of-the-art LED lighting and exceeding the target of 249 lm/We for 2035.
Prediction of cellulose synthase using conserved protein domain through Machine learning-based Approach
Authors: Gupta Sheetanshu , Singh Shivom , Kashyap Shakuli , Gore Shivani
Published: August 2023

Cellulose synthase, a pivotal enzyme involved in cellulose and hemicellulose synthesis, plays a crucial role in plant cell wall maintenance. This study aims to deepen our understanding of cellulose synthase by developing a highly sensitive computational method for its characterization. By leveraging a synergistic approach that combines the utilization of Pfam domains and a dipeptide composition-based support vector machine model, we address the challenges associated with conventional characterization methods. Our computational approach focuses on identifying unique domains within the cellulose synthase protein sequence through proximity-based detection. In the absence of such domains, predictions are generated using a support vector machine model. The accuracy of our method was evaluated, yielding an overall accuracy of 89.92% and a specificity of 90.37%. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insight into the structure and function of cellulose synthase, shedding light on the glycosyltransferase activities critical for cellulose synthesis. Furthermore, the implications of this study extend to the cotton and textile industry, where cellulose-based materials are widely employed. The developed computational approach demonstrates its potential as an effective tool for further exploration and characterization of cellulose synthase.
Intranasal vaccination of Syrian Hamsters with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S disrupts airborne transmission cycles of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Boon Adrianus , Darling Tamarand , Harastani Houda , Joshi Astha , Bricker Traci , Seehra Kuljeet , Hassan Ahmed , Diamond Michael
Published: August 2023

COVID-19 vaccines have successfully reduced severe disease and death after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Nonetheless, COVID-19 vaccines are variably effective in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their role in inhibiting community viral transmission remains less well characterized. Here, we evaluated the impact of mucosal vaccination on primary and secondary airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian hamster pre-clinical model. Intranasal immunization of the primary contact hamsters with a chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored vaccine (ChAd-CoV-2-S) that is the predecessor of the currently used iNCOVACC® reduced infectious virus titers ~100-fold and 100,000-fold in the upper and lower respiratory tract of the primary contact hamster following SARS-CoV-2 exposure. This reduction in virus titer in the ChAd-CoV-2-S immunized contact animals was sufficient to eliminate secondary airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission to both vaccinated and naïve hamsters. Thus, immunization with an intranasal COVID-19 vaccine disrupts transmission cycles of SARS-CoV-2 and can potentially limit community spread of the virus.
Effect of mRNA-LNP components of two globally-marketed COVID-19 vaccines on efficacy and stability
Authors: Zhang Lizhou , More Kunal , Ojha Amrita , Jackson Cody , Quinlan Brian , Li Hao , He Wenhui , Farzan Michael , Pardi Norbert , Choe Hyeryun
Published: August 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna successfully developed nucleoside-modified mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expressed by those vaccines are identical in amino acid sequence, but several key components are distinct. Here, we compared the effect of ionizable lipids, untranslated regions (UTRs), and nucleotide composition of the two vaccines, focusing on mRNA delivery, antibody generation, and long-term stability. We found that the ionizable lipid, SM-102, in Moderna’s vaccine performs better than ALC-0315 in Pfizer-BioNTech’s vaccine for intramuscular delivery of mRNA and antibody production in mice and long-term stability at 4°C. Moreover, Pfizer-BioNTech’s 5’ UTR and Moderna’s 3’ UTR outperform their counterparts in their contribution to transgene expression in mice. We further found that varying N1-methylpseudouridine content at the wobble position of mRNA has little effect on vaccine efficacy. These findings may contribute to the further improvement of nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccines and therapeutics.
Physicochemical and Strength Assessment of Portland Limestone Cement in Nigeria
Authors: Sadiq Abdulhakeem
Published: August 2023

Some brands of cement are often neglected in preference to others due to the fact that certain brands are more susceptible to cracks than others and also because of differences in their setting times. Continuous monitoring of these brands of cement prevents negative consequences for concrete structures. This research aimed at assessing the physical, chemical, and mineralogical composition of selected brands of Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) on strength performance in compliance with local and international standards. Tests such as specific gravity, standard consistency, setting time, soundness, fineness, compressive strength, chemical oxide compositions, and mineralogical properties were carried out to determine their suitability criteria for construction purposes, ensuring minimum established standards are met. The results indicated that at 28th day, Dangote PLC yielded the highest compressive strength of 48.02 kN/mm2 while UniCem PLC yielded the least compressive strength of 43.17 kN/mm2. The study concluded that the choice of cement strength class for any construction type interdepends on the physical, chemical, and mineralogical compositions of the cement incorporated at the place of use. Also, the margin difference in the strength and compositions of these cement brands does not give a significant reason to impede the performance. As such, none of these brands of PLC has a predominant advantage over the other, primarily for construction purposes. The knowledge of the properties of PLC in concrete construction is imperative to helping engineers make informed decisions about which brand is required to be used in specific circumstances for area of optimal applications.