bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing the coral propagation toolkit via hypersalinity induced coral micropropagates
Authors: Walton Emily , Badder Lindsey , Galindo-Martínez Claudia Tatiana , Berry David B. , Tresguerres Martin , Wangpraseurt Daniel
Published: September 2024

In the face of escalating threats posed by human-induced climate change, urgent attention to coral reef restoration is imperative due to ongoing reef degradation. Here, we explored the potential of generating coral micropropagates as a tool to rapidly generate coral tissue for reef restoration and reef engineering. We developed a hypersalinity-induced polyp bailout protocol and a simple attachment device to support the growth of micropropagates on commonly used restoration substrates. We found that hypersalinity induction, at a rate of < 1 ppt hr-1, produced healthy micropropagates of the coral Stylophora pistillata. The highest attachment success (~74%) was achieved in CaCO3 substrate devices, which outperformed PVC (~48%) and Portland cement (~5%). Settled micropropagates displayed rapid growth rates on both CaCO3 (0.037 mm²/day ± 0.002 SE) and PVC (0.057 mm²/day ± 0.008 SE) substrates, while Portland cement induced tissue degradation. Our study provides a detailed methodology for reliably generating, attaching, and growing coral micropropagates and underscores the potential of polyp bailout as a viable technique supporting coral propagation efforts.
Mid-infrared optical coherence tomography and machine learning for inspection of 3D-printed ceramics at the micron scale
Authors: Heise Bettina , Zorin Ivan , Duswald Kristina , Karl Verena , Brouczek Dominik , Eichelseder Julia , Schwentenwein Martin
Published: September 2024

Introduction

In this paper, recent developments in non-destructive testing of 3D-printed ceramics and monitoring of additive manufacturing of ceramics are presented.

Methods

In particular, we present the design and use of an inline mid-infrared optical coherence tomography (MIR-OCT) system to evaluate printed and micro-structured specimens in lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM).

Results

The proposed system helps with the detection of microdefects (e.g., voids, inclusions, deformations) that are already present in green ceramic components, thereby reducing the energy and costs incurred.

Discussion

The challenges during integration are discussed. Especially, the prospects for MIR-OCT imaging combined with machine learning are illustrated with regard to inline inspection during LCM of printed ceramics.
Causal relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Meng , Liu Jili , Xia Xin , Wang Yarong , Zheng Hongying
Published: September 2024

Introduction

A correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia is demonstrated, but the causality remains unclear. Our study aims to clarify the point of genetics between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia at the level of gene prediction through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

The study employed the two-sample MR approach to investigate the bi-directional causality between NAFLD and sarcopenia. Published summary statistics were used to obtain instrumental variables (IVs) at the genome-wide significance level.

Results

IVW analysis showed that the risk of NAFLD was reduced when walking pace was increased (OR = 0.435, 95%CI 0.240–0.789, p = 0.006); Increasing appendicular lean mass (ALM) decreased the risk of NAFLD (OR = 0.906, 95%CI 0.838–0.980, p = 0.014); Those older than 60 were more likely to suffer from NAFLD if they had low grip strength (OR = 1.411, 95%CI 1.087–1.830, p = 0.0012). In the reverse MR study, weight median analysis showed that NAFLD caused a decrease in ALM (OR = 0.953, 95%CI 0.957–0.994, p = 0.001); whereas NAFLD showed no correlation with usual walking pace or grip strength (all with p > 0.05). MR-Egger regression analysis showed that there was no horizontal pleiotropy in the SNPs (all with p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The characteristics related to sarcopenia (usual walking pace, appendicular lean mass and low hand grip strength) may play a causal role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, although the underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated. The presence of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) such as rs3747207, rs429358, and rs73001065 has been identified in the PNPLA3, APOE, and MAU2 proteins. These genetic markers represent potential targets for future interventions aimed at addressing, managing, or mitigating the risk of NAFLD.
Application of autologous platelet-rich gel formed by calcium gluconate combined with hormone therapy for endometrial repair after hysteroscopic transcervical resection of adhesion surgery and successful pregnancy: case report and literature review
Authors: Li Yunying , Han Yingxue , Su Xiaojuan , Cao Junjuan , Liu Junxia , Zhang Wenjuan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA), a common gynecological disease, is mainly caused by traumatic or infectious factors that lead to basal endometrial layer physiological repair disorders. IUA is mostly treated via hysteroscopic transcervical resection of adhesion and although it can restore uterine cavity shape, its endometrial repair effectiveness is limited. The figures showed that after surgery, patients with IUA have a high recurrence rate. Therefore, quick endometrial damage repair is key to successful treatment.

Case presentation

A 34-year-old patient visited our hospital after experiencing amenorrhea for 4 months following an induced abortion and had a fertility requirement. Based on the American Fertility Society intrauterine scores, the patient was diagnosed with moderate IUA. She underwent transcervical resection of adhesion, followed by autologous platelet-rich gel intrauterine perfusion and periodic estrogen–progesterone treatment for three menstrual cycles. No complications developed during treatment and the patient’s endometrium was significantly repaired, with successful pregnancy being achieved.

Conclusion

Autologous platelet-rich gel promoted endometrial repair and acted as a mechanical barrier to prevent intrauterine adhesion. This approach May offer new insights into IUA treatment.
Comparative bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence-assisted polyp diagnosis and AI-assisted digestive endoscopy: trends and growth in AI gastroenterology (2003–2023)
Authors: Peng Ziye , Wang Xiangyu , Li Jiaxin , Sun Jiayi , Wang Yuwei , Li Yanru , Li Wen , Zhang Shuyi , Wang Ximo , Pei Zhengcun
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Artificial intelligence is already widely utilized in gastroenterology. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the research hotspots and development trends within the field of AI in gastroenterology by employing bibliometric techniques to scrutinize geographical distribution, authorship, affiliated institutions, keyword usage, references, and other pertinent data contained within relevant publications.

Methods

This investigation compiled all pertinent publications related to artificial intelligence in the context of gastrointestinal polyps and digestive endoscopy from 2003 to 2023 within the Web of Science Core Collection database. Furthermore, the study harnessed the tools CiteSpace, VOSviewer, GraphPad Prism and Scimago Graphica for visual data analysis. The study retrieved a total of 2,394 documents in the field of AI in digestive endoscopy and 628 documents specifically related to AI in digestive tract polyps.

Results

The United States and China are the primary contributors to research in both fields. Since 2019, studies on AI for digestive tract polyps have constituted approximately 25% of the total AI digestive endoscopy studies annually. Six of the top 10 most-cited studies in AI digestive endoscopy also rank among the top 10 most-cited studies in AI for gastrointestinal polyps. Additionally, the number of studies on AI-assisted polyp segmentation is growing the fastest, with significant increases in AI-assisted polyp diagnosis and real-time systems beginning after 2020.

Discussion

The application of AI in gastroenterology has garnered increasing attention. As theoretical advancements in AI for gastroenterology have progressed, real-time diagnosis and detection of gastrointestinal diseases have become feasible in recent years, highlighting the promising potential of AI in this field.
Association between ABO blood groups and hematological myeloid neoplasms in adolescents and adults
Authors: Zhou Miao , Li Tongyu , Sun Yongcheng , Ouyang Guifang , Zhuang Wanchuan , Zhang Ping
Published: September 2024

Background

Prior research suggests a potential link between ABO blood types and susceptibility to various malignancies. The correlation between ABO blood types and hematological myeloid neoplasms, however, remains inadequately explored.

Objective

This study investigates the association between ABO blood groups and the incidence of hematological myeloid neoplasms in adolescents and adults.

Methods

In this retrospective clinical study, 1,022 adolescent and adult cases of myeloid neoplasms diagnosed at our institution were initially considered. After excluding conditions potentially linked to ABO blood types from prior studies, 792 eligible cases were analyzed. These cases were categorized based on disease subtypes and compared with a control group for blood type distribution.

Results

Our findings reveal a significantly higher prevalence of blood type A in patients with myeloid neoplasms compared to the control group, except for chronic myelocytic leukemia and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Conversely, the prevalence of blood type AB in myeloid neoplasms was notably lower than in the control group.

Conclusion

The study suggests a potential association between ABO blood types and the risk of developing hematological myeloid neoplasms in adolescents and adults. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this relationship.
Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and cataract among outpatient US adults
Authors: Huang Jin , Wu Hongjiang , Yu Fang , Wu Fangkun , Hang Chen , Zhang Xiaoya , Hao Yiting , Fu Hao , Xu Hongting , Li Rong , Chen Ding
Published: September 2024

Background

While several studies have noted a higher SII correlates with multiple diseases, research on the association between SII and cataract remains limited. Our cross-sectional study seeks to examine the association between SII and cataract among outpatient US adults.

Methods

This compensatory cross-sectional study utilized NHANES data from 1999 to 2008 cycles, conducting sample-weighted multivariate logistic regression and stratified analysis of subgroups.

Results

Among 11,205 adults included in this study (5,571 [46.2%] male; 5,634 [53.8%] female), 2,131 (15.2%) had cataract and 9,074 (84.8%) did not have cataract. A fully adjusted model showed that SII higher than 500 × 109/L was positively correlated with an increased risk of cataracts among women (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02–1.59) (p = 0.036). However, no difference was found in the men subgroup, and there was no significant interaction between SII and sex.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that a SII higher than 500 × 109/L was positively correlated with an increased risk of cataracts in women. This study is the first to specifically investigate the impact of a high SII on cataract risk in outpatient adults in the United States. By effectively addressing inflammation, it is possible to mitigate cataract progression and significantly enhance patient outcomes.
Combination of in silico and molecular techniques for discrimination and virulence characterization of marine Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis
Authors: Girault Guillaume , Freddi Luca , Jay Maryne , Perrot Ludivine , Dremeau Alexandre , Drapeau Antoine , Delannoy Sabine , Fach Patrick , Ferreira Vicente Acacia , Mick Virginie , Ponsart Claire , Djokic Vitomir
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Mammals are the main hosts for Brucella sp., agents of worldwide zoonosis. Marine cetaceans and pinnipeds can be infected by Brucella ceti and B. pinnipedialis, respectively. Besides classical bacteriological typing, molecular approaches such as MLVA, MLSA, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can differentiate these species but are cumbersome to perform.

Methods

We compared the DNA and genome sequences of 12 strains isolated from nine marine mammals, with highly zoonotic B. melitensis, B. abortus, and B. suis, and the publicly available genomes of B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis. In silico pipelines were used to detect the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), plasmid, and virulence genes (VGs) by screening six open-source and one home-made library.

Results and discussion

Our results show that easier-to-use HRM-PCR, Bruce-ladder, and Suis-ladder can separate marine Brucella sp., and the results are fully concordant with other molecular methods, such as WGS. However, the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method cannot discriminate between B. pinnipedialis and B. ceti B1-94-like isolates. MLVA-16 results divided the investigated strains into three clades according to their preferred host, which was confirmed in WGS. In silico analysis did not find any AMR and plasmid genes, suggesting antimicrobial susceptibility of marine Brucella, while the presence of the VGs btpA gene was variable dependent on the clade.

Conclusion

The HRM-PCR and Suis-ladder are quick, easy, and cost-effective methods to identify marine Brucella sp. Moreover, in silico genome analyses can give useful insights into the genetic virulence and pathogenicity potential of marine Brucella strains.
PhageScanner: a reconfigurable machine learning framework for bacteriophage genomic and metagenomic feature annotation
Authors: Albin Dreycey , Ramsahoye Michelle , Kochavi Eitan , Alistar Mirela
Published: September 2024

Bacteriophages are the most prolific organisms on Earth, yet many of their genomes and assemblies from metagenomic sources lack protein sequences with identified functions. While most bacteriophage proteins are structural proteins, categorized as Phage Virion Proteins (PVPs), a considerable number remain unclassified. Complicating matters further, traditional lab-based methods for PVP identification can be tedious. To expedite the process of identifying PVPs, machine-learning models are increasingly being employed. Existing tools have developed models for predicting PVPs from protein sequences as input. However, none of these efforts have built software allowing for both genomic and metagenomic data as input. In addition, there is currently no framework available for easily curating data and creating new types of machine learning models. In response, we introduce PhageScanner, an open-source platform that streamlines data collection for genomic and metagenomic datasets, model training and testing, and includes a prediction pipeline for annotating genomic and metagenomic data. PhageScanner also features a graphical user interface (GUI) for visualizing annotations on genomic and metagenomic data. We further introduce a BLAST-based classifier that outperforms ML-based models and an efficient Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) classifier. We then showcase the capabilities of PhageScanner by predicting PVPs in six previously uncharacterized bacteriophage genomes. In addition, we create a new model that predicts phage-encoded toxins within bacteriophage genomes, thus displaying the utility of the framework.
From pathogenesis to treatment: the impact of bacteria on cancer
Authors: Lu Jiatong , Tong Qiang
Published: September 2024

The intricate relationship between cancer and bacteria has garnered increasing attention in recent years. While traditional cancer research has primarily focused on tumor cells and genetic mutations, emerging evidence highlights the significant role of microbial communities within the tumor microenvironment in cancer development and progression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the complex interplay between cancer and bacteria. We explore the diverse ways in which bacteria influence tumorigenesis and tumor behavior, discussing direct interactions between bacteria and tumor cells, their impact on tumor immunity, and the potential modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we delve into the mechanisms through which bacterial metabolites and extracellular products May affect cancer pathways. By conducting a thorough analysis of the existing literature, we underscore the multifaceted and intricate relationship between bacteria and cancer. Understanding this complex interplay could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches and preventive strategies in cancer treatment.
Impact of weight variation on the microbiome of yak dams and calves
Authors: Wang Hongzhuang , Basang Wangdui , Pingcuo Zhandui , Jiang Nan , Sun Guangming , Nawaz Shah , Cidan Yangji , Liu Yang , Zhu Yanbin , Luosang Dunzhu
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Limited information exists regarding the microbiome composition of yak calves of varying weights. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the microbiomes of mother-calf pairs with different weight profiles.

Methods

Fecal and blood samples were collected from both lower-weight (CB) and higher-weight (HB) yak calves, along with their corresponding female yaks (CA, HA).

Results

The results revealed significantly higher levels of T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity) and GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) in HB animals (p < 0.001). Sequencing yielded 652,181 and 643,369 filtered reads in female and calf yaks, respectively. Alpha diversity analysis indicated that Chao1, Faith_pd, and Observed species were significantly higher in CA compared to HA (p < 0.01). Furthermore, nine genera were notably different between HA and CA yaks, including Avispirillum, Fimenecus, CAG-1031, Odoribacter 865974, and Jeotgalicoccus A 310962. Compared to CB yaks, CA animals exhibited significant differences in one phylum and six genera, including CAG-485 (p < 0.05), CAG-83 (p < 0.01), Copromorpha (p < 0.01), Phocaeicola A 858004 (p < 0.05), and UBA2253 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In summary, higher-weight yak calves demonstrated increased oxidative resistance, and weight profiles were linked to the microbiomes of both female yaks and their calves. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing yak breeding practices in high-altitude regions.
Global traumatic brain injury intracranial pressure: from monitoring to surgical decision
Authors: Zhang Dan , Sheng Yanzhi , Wang Chengbin , Chen Wei , Shi Xiaofeng
Published: September 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global public health issue, heavily impacting human health, especially in low-and middle-income areas. Despite numerous guidelines and consensus statements, TBI fatality rates remain high. The pathogenesis of severe TBI is closely linked to rising intracranial pressure (ICP). Elevated intracranial pressure can lead to cerebral herniation, resulting in respiratory and circulatory collapse, and ultimately, death. Managing intracranial pressure (ICP) is crucial in neuro-intensive care. Timely diagnosis and precise treatment of elevated ICP are essential. ICP monitoring provides real-time insights into a patient’s condition, offering invaluable guidance for comprehensive management. ICP monitoring and standardization can effectively reduce secondary nerve damage, lowering morbidity and mortality rates. Accurately assessing and using true ICP values to manage TBI patients still depends on doctors’ clinical experience. This review discusses: (a) Epidemiological disparities of traumatic brain injuries across countries with different income levels worldwide; (b) The significance and function of ICP monitoring; (c) Current status and challenges of ICP monitoring; (d) The impact of decompressive craniectomy on reducing intracranial pressure; and (e) Management of TBI in diverse income countries. We suggest a thorough evaluation of ICP monitoring, head CT findings, and GCS scores before deciding on decompressive craniectomy. Personalized treatment should be emphasized to assess the need for surgical decompression in TBI patients, offering crucial insights for clinical decision-making.
Combining early lower eyelid surgery with neuromuscular retraining for synkinesis prevention after facial palsy: the role of the eye in aberrant facial nerve regeneration
Authors: Di Stadio Arianna , Ralli Massimo , De Luca Pietro , Sossamon Jake , Frohman Teresa C. , Altieri Marta , La Mantia Ignazio , Ferlito Salvatore , Frohman Elliot M. , Brenner Michael J.
Published: September 2024

Background

Facial synkinesis (FS) is a distressing sequela of facial palsy (FP) characterized by involuntary, simultaneous movements of facial muscles occurring during voluntary facial expressions. Treatment of synkinesis is challenging, and preventive methods are needed.

Aim

This study evaluated the efficacy of physical facial nerve rehabilitation (PFNR) therapy alone vs. PNFR with eyelid surgery to correct lagophthalmos and prevent the onset of synkinesis.

Methods

Twenty five outpatients were randomized to receive either PFNR alone (neuromuscular retraining and Kabat proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) or PNFR and early (90 days after FP onset) eyelid surgery (involving a conservative oculoplastic correction for lagophthalmos with epiphora or ectropion). Comprehensive otolaryngological assessments and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were conducted. Synkinesis progression was measured using Another Disease Scale (ADS) at baseline, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-months post-treatment. The data were analyzed with ANOVA, τ-test, Chi-Square analyses.

Results

Patients undergoing eyelid surgery with PFNR showed faster (p < 0.001) and better recovery of facial movements (p < 0.05) than patients receiving PFNR alone comparing T0 and T12 (p < 0.0001). No synkinesis were observed in the PFNR plus surgery group while 37% of patients in PFNR alone had synkinesis (p = 0.03). At 24 months, none of the patients in the surgery group presented synkinesis.

Conclusion

Combining early surgical treatment of paralytic lagophthalmos or epiphora with PFNR accelerated functional recovery and reduced synkinesis in patients with FP compared to facial rehabilitation alone. Further investigations in larger populations with long-term follow-up are needed.

Clinical trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06538103, NCT06538103.
Theta burst stimulation on the fronto-cerebellar connective network promotes cognitive processing speed in the simple cognitive task
Authors: Zhao Ning , Tao Jing , Wong Clive , Wu Jing-song , Liu Jiao , Chen Li-dian , Lee Tatia M. C. , Xu Yanwen , Chan Chetwyn C. H.
Published: September 2024

Background

The fronto-cerebellar functional network has been proposed to subserve cognitive processing speed. This study aims to elucidate how the long-range frontal-to-cerebellar effective connectivity contributes to faster speed.

Methods

In total, 60 healthy participants were randomly allocated to three five-daily sessions of transcranial magnetic stimulation conditions, namely intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS, excitatory), continuous theta-burst stimulation (CTBS, inhibitory), or a sham condition. The sites of the stimulations were the right pre-supplementary motor area (RpSMA), medial cerebellar vermis VI (MCV6), and vertex, respectively. Performances in two reaction time tasks were recorded at different time points.

Results

Post-stimulation speeds revealed marginal decreases in the simple but not complex task. Nevertheless, participants in the excitatory RpSMA and inhibitory MCV6 conditions showed direct and negative path effects on faster speeds compared to the sham condition in the simple reaction time (SRT) task (β = −0.320, p = 0.045 and β = −0.414, p = 0.007, respectively). These path effects were not observed in the SDMT task.

Discussion

RpSMA and MCV6 were involved in promoting the path effects of faster reaction times on simple cognitive task. This study offers further evidence to support their roles within the long-range frontal-to-cerebellar connectivity subserving cognitive processing speed. The enhancement effects, however, are likely limited to simple rather than complex mental operations.
Neuromuscular impairments of cerebral palsy: contributions to gait abnormalities and implications for treatment
Authors: Clewes Kylie , Hammond Claire , Dong Yiwen , Meyer Mary , Lowe Evan , Rose Jessica
Published: September 2024

Identification of neuromuscular impairments in cerebral palsy (CP) is essential to providing effective treatment. However, clinical recognition of neuromuscular impairments in CP and their contribution to gait abnormalities is limited, resulting in suboptimal treatment outcomes. While CP is the most common childhood movement disorder, clinical evaluations often do not accurately identify and delineate the primary neuromuscular and secondary musculoskeletal impairments or their specific impact on mobility. Here we discuss the primary neuromuscular impairments of CP that arise from early brain injury and the progressive secondary musculoskeletal impairments, with a focus on spastic CP, the most common form of CP. Spastic CP is characterized by four primary interrelated neuromuscular impairments: 1. muscle weakness, 2. short muscle-tendon units due to slow muscle growth relative to skeletal growth, 3. muscle spasticity characterized by increased sensitivity to stretch, and 4. impaired selective motor control including flexor and extensor muscle synergies. Specific gait events are affected by the four primary neuromuscular impairments of spastic CP and their delineation can improve evaluation to guide targeted treatment, prevent deformities and improve mobility. Emerging information on neural correlates of neuromuscular impairments in CP provides the clinician with a more complete context with which to evaluate and develop effective treatment plans. Specifically, addressing the primary neuromuscular impairments and reducing secondary musculoskeletal impairments are important treatment goals. This perspective on neuromuscular mechanisms underlying gait abnormalities in spastic CP aims to inform clinical evaluation of CP, focus treatment more strategically, and guide research priorities to provide targeted treatments for CP.
The digital twin in neuroscience: from theory to tailored therapy
Authors: Fekonja Lucius Samo , Schenk Robert , Schröder Emily , Tomasello Rosario , Tomšič Samo , Picht Thomas
Published: September 2024

Digital twins enable simulation, comprehensive analysis and predictions, as virtual representations of physical systems. They are also finding increasing interest and application in the healthcare sector, with a particular focus on digital twins of the brain. We discuss how digital twins in neuroscience enable the modeling of brain functions and pathology as they offer an in-silico approach to studying the brain and illustrating the complex relationships between brain network dynamics and related functions. To showcase the capabilities of digital twinning in neuroscience we demonstrate how the impact of brain tumors on the brain’s physical structures and functioning can be modeled in relation to the philosophical concept of plasticity. Against this technically derived backdrop, which assumes that the brain’s nonlinear behavior toward improvement and repair can be modeled and predicted based on MRI data, we further explore the philosophical insights of Catherine Malabou. Malabou emphasizes the brain’s dual capacity for adaptive and destructive plasticity. We will discuss in how far Malabou’s ideas provide a more holistic theoretical framework for understanding how digital twins can model the brain’s response to injury and pathology, embracing Malabou’s concept of both adaptive and destructive plasticity which provides a framework to address such yet incomputable aspects of neuroscience and the sometimes seemingly unfavorable dynamics of neuroplasticity helping to bridge the gap between theoretical research and clinical practice.
A synonymous mutation of rs1137070 cause the mice Maoa gene transcription and translation to decrease
Authors: Li Kai Xin , Fan Lei , Wang Hongjuan , Tian Yushan , Zhang Sen , Hu Qingyuan , Liu Fanglin , Chen Huan , Hou Hongwei
Published: September 2024

The Monoamine Oxidase-A (MAOA) EcoRV polymorphism (rs1137070) is a unique synonymous mutation (c.1409 T > C) within the MAOA gene, which plays a crucial role in Maoa gene expression and function. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the mouse Maoa rs1137070 genotype and differences in MAOA gene expression. Mice carrying the CC genotype of rs1137070 exhibited a significantly lower Maoa expression level, with an odds ratio of 2.44 compared to the T carriers. Moreover, the wild-type TT genotype of MAOA demonstrated elevated mRNA expression and a longer half-life. We also delved into the significant expression and structural disparities among genotypes. Furthermore, it was evident that different aspartic acid synonymous codons within Maoa influenced both MAOA expression and enzyme activity, highlighting the association between rs1137070 and MAOA. To substantiate these findings, a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that GAC was more efficient than GAT binding. Conversely, the synonymous mutation altered Maoa gene expression in individual mice. An RNA pull-down assay suggested that this alteration could impact the interaction with RNA-binding proteins. In summary, our results illustrate that synonymous mutations can indeed regulate the downregulation of gene expression, leading to changes in MAOA function and their potential association with neurological-related diseases.
CNPY2 protects against ER stress and is expressed by corticostriatal neurons together with CTIP2 in a mouse model of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Scordino Miriana , Stepanova Polina , Srinivasan Vignesh , Pham Dan Duc , Eriksson Ove , Lalowski Maciej , Mudò Giuseppa , Di Liberto Valentina , Korhonen Laura , Voutilainen Merja H. , Lindholm Dan
Published: September 2024

Canopy Homolog 2 (CNPY2) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized protein belonging to the CNPY gene family. We show here that CNPY2 is protective against ER stress induced by tunicamycin in neuronal cells. Overexpression of CNPY2 enhanced, while downregulation of CNPY2 using shRNA expression, reduced the viability of neuroblastoma cells after tunicamycin. Likewise, recombinant CNPY2 increased survival of cortical neurons in culture after ER stress. CNPY2 reduced the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) branch of ER stress and decreased the expression of CCAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Homologous Protein (CHOP) involved in cell death. Immunostaining using mouse brain sections revealed that CNPY2 is expressed by cortical and striatal neurons and is co-expressed with the transcription factor, COUPTF-interacting protein 2 (CTIP2). In transgenic N171-82Q mice, as a model for Huntington’s disease (HD), the number of CNPY2-immunopositive neurons was increased in the cortex together with CTIP2. In the striatum, however, the number of CNPY2 decreased at 19 weeks of age, representing a late-stage of pathology. Striatal cells in culture were shown to be more susceptible to ER stress after downregulation of CNPY2. These results demonstrate that CNPY2 is expressed by corticostriatal neurons involved in the regulation of movement. CNPY2 enhances neuronal survival by reducing ER stress and is a promising factor to consider in HD and possibly in other brain diseases.
Bibliometric analysis of nutrition in gastric cancer from 2013 to 2023
Authors: Li Ruyin , Zhao Zirui , Huang Hongyun , Yu Jianchun
Published: September 2024

Background

Increasing evidence suggests that nutrition plays an important role in the treatment of gastric cancer. However, no bibliometrics analysis has been conducted in this field. Our study aimed to conduct a bibliometric study to explore the latest publishing trends and areas of intense activity within the sphere of nutrition in gastric cancer.

Method

Publications were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace (Version 6.2.4) and VOSviewer (Version 1.6.18) were used for visual analysis.

Results

In total, there were 441 publications authored by 2,941 authors from 809 organizations and 47 countries, published in 182 journals from 2013 to 2023. The most prolific country was China, and the most productive institution was the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The leading core journal was Nutrients. P Daisuke Kobayashi and Yasuhiro Kodera were the most influential authors. The first highly cited document was published in Gastric Cancer by Kamarajah et al. The hotspots in this field were nutrition treatment and nutritional status. Moreover, research on nutritional status and nutrition-related prognosis in gastric cancer might be a potential trend.

Conclusion

Nutrition in gastric cancer is a burgeoning research field garnering increasing attention. Further investigation is necessary to better understand the impact of nutritional status on the prognosis of gastric cancer.
Plant-based diets–impacts of consumption of little or no animal-source foods on human health
Authors: Stanton Alice V.
Published: September 2024

The world, in 2024, faces both climate and biodiversity crises, and the food system does contribute significantly to these crises. For some, the solution is simple - intakes of animal source foods (ASFs) should be considerably reduced, and consumption of plant-source foods (PSFs) should be greatly increased. Advocates for such a dietary transformation express confidence that plant-based diets will not only benefit planetary health, but will provide nutrient adequacy for all, and will also result in considerable protection from chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, as described in this perspective, the dramatic reductions in ASFs, entailed by many plant-based diets, will worsen already prevalent micronutrient and protein deficiencies. The protections provided by plant-based diets against NCDs appear to be more strongly associated with reduced intakes of calories and salt, and increased intakes of fruit, vegetables, nuts and whole grains, rather than with reduced intakes of ASFs. Any possible absolute adverse effects of red and processed meat consumption on NCDs are very small and uncertain. Other ASFs either appear to have no impact on NCDs (poultry meat and eggs), or are associated with protections against obesity, cardiovascular events, brain disorders and some cancers (seafood and dairy). Rigorous randomized controlled trials of all newly proposed environmentally-protective plant-based diets are required, so as to provide clear-cut evidence of micronutrient and protein adequacy, with or without, supplementation, fortification and/or biofortification. In the meantime, dietary guidelines should advise moderating excessive consumption, rather than substantially limiting or excluding ASFs from the human diet.
Eating disorder risk assessment and sociocultural attitudes toward body image among Polish and Turkish professional female football players
Authors: Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria , Aktaş Samet , Zydek Grzegorz , Kardas Marek , Kałuża Martyna , Michalczyk Małgorzata Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Football requires high physical fitness and often involves maintaining a specific physique, leading to harmful eating behaviors due to internal and external pressures. Cultural norms influence the prevalence and types of eating disorders (ED), with differences in eating habits, beauty standards, and socio-cultural pressures affecting ED development. This study assesses ED risk and analyzes socio-cultural attitudes toward body image among Polish and Turkish female football players.

Methods

The study was conducted from April to June 2024 and included 103 professional female football players aged 18–35 from Polish (n = 49) and Turkish (n = 54) clubs. Data were collected using the CAWI method via Google Forms. Participants completed EAT-26 and SATAQ-3 questionnaires, assessing ED risk and socio-cultural attitudes toward body image.

Results

40.8% of participants were at risk for ED. No differences in ED prevalence were found between groups of different nationalities. Polish footballers at risk of ED scored higher on the Internalization-Pressure and Information subscales and the overall SATAQ-3 score. A weak but significant positive correlation was found between SATAQ-3 and EAT-26 scores.

Discussion

The study finds no nationality-based differences in ED prevalence among professional female football players, but ED is widespread, affecting about 40% of players. Nutritional status impacts ED risk, with higher risk among underweight and overweight players. Polish players are more influenced by socio-cultural standards of body image promoted by mass media. The study underscores the need for regular screening and psychological support.
Bridging the gap: advancing cancer cell culture to reveal key metabolic targets
Authors: Kes Marjolein M. G. , Berkers Celia R. , Drost Jarno
Published: September 2024

Metabolic rewiring is a defining characteristic of cancer cells, driving their ability to proliferate. Leveraging these metabolic vulnerabilities for therapeutic purposes has a long and impactful history, with the advent of antimetabolites marking a significant breakthrough in cancer treatment. Despite this, only a few in vitro metabolic discoveries have been successfully translated into effective clinical therapies. This limited translatability is partially due to the use of simplistic in vitro models that do not accurately reflect the tumor microenvironment. This Review examines the effects of current cell culture practices on cancer cell metabolism and highlights recent advancements in establishing more physiologically relevant in vitro culture conditions and technologies, such as organoids. Applying these improvements may bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo findings, facilitating the development of innovative metabolic therapies for cancer.
Surgical management of pancreatic neoplasms in children: a single-institution experience over 15 years
Authors: Ho In Geol , Ihn Kyong , Le Sung Min , Shin Soyong , Han Seok Joo
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Pancreatic neoplasms are rare among children and very few studies have reported on surgical outcomes for pediatric pancreatic neoplasms. Therefore, we aimed to describe patient and tumor characteristics and report on the surgical outcomes of pediatric pancreatic neoplasm.

Methods

In this retrospective single-center study, we reviewed and analyzed the data of patients who underwent surgery for pediatric pancreatic neoplasms at Severance Children's Hospital between January 2007 and December 2022. Clinical data including demographics, surgical procedures, and postoperative and long-term outcomes were evaluated.

Results

A total of 28 patients underwent surgical treatment for pancreatic neoplasms with a median age of 11.7 years (range: 0.4–17.8). The most common histological diagnosis among benign tumors was solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN), which occurred in 20 patients (71.4%). This was followed by a mucinous cyst, nesidioblastosis, pseudocyst, duplication cyst, and benign cyst, each occurring in one patient (3.5%). Regarding malignant tumors, pancreatoblastoma, solid pseudopapillary carcinoma, and malignant pheochromocytoma were noted in one patient each (3.5%). Tumor locations included the head in 4 patients (14.2%), the body in 7 (25%), and the tail in 16 (57.1%), and was diffuse in 1 (3.5%). The most common surgical resection range was distal pancreatectomy, found in 22 patients (78.5%), followed by pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, found in 2 (7.2%); duodenum-preserving pancreatic resection, central pancreatectomy, tumor enucleation, and near-total pancreatectomy were performed in one patient each (3.5%). Overall, 4 patients developed grade B or C postoperative pancreatic fistulas, and 1 experienced postoperative mortality due to uncontrollable bleeding. The mean follow-up period was 6.1 years (range: 1–15.6 years), during which no significant impact on growth after surgery was detected. Among the 20 patients with SPN, tumor rupture occurred in 4 (20%), among whom 2 experienced tumor recurrences.

Conclusions

Histological diagnosis of benign tumors was predominant in this case series and various extents of surgical resection were performed. Surgical treatment for pediatric pancreatic neoplasms appears to be safe and effective. However, considering the long-term prognosis of these patients, it is essential to determine the appropriate extent of surgical resection based on the location of the tumor.
Efficacy and safety of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) for septic patients in ICU: a cohort study from MIMIC database
Authors: Miao ShengHui , Yang Mingkun , Li Wen , Yang Zhouxin , Yan Jing
Published: September 2024

Background

Sepsis is marked by a dysregulated immune response to infection. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), commonly used as immunosuppressants, have unique properties that may help mitigate the overactive immune response in sepsis, potentially leading to better patient outcomes. This study aims to assess whether CNIs improve prognosis in septic patients and to evaluate any associated adverse reactions.

Methods

We utilized the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV 2.2 (MIMIC-IV 2.2) database to identify septic patients who were treated with CNIs and those who were not. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance baseline characteristics between the CNI user group and the non-user group. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression models to examine the relationship between CNI use and patient survival.

Results

From the MIMIC-IV database, 22,517 septic patients were identified. After propensity score matching, a sample of 874 patients was analyzed. The CNI group exhibited a significantly lower 28-day mortality risk compared to the non-user group (HR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.41) in the univariate Cox hazard analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves also demonstrated a significantly higher 28- and 365-day survival rate for CNI users compared to non-users (log-rank test p-value = 0.001). No significant association was found between CNI use and an increased risk of new-onset infection (p = 0.144), but an association with mild hypertension (P < 0.001) and liver injury (P < 0.001) was observed.

Conclusion

The use of calcineurin inhibitors was associated with reduced short- and long-term mortality in septic patients without an increased incidence of new-onset infections, hyperkalemia, severe hypertension, or acute kidney injury (AKI). However, CNI use may lead to adverse effects, such as liver injury and mild hypertension.
Emodin repairs interstitial cells of Cajal damaged by cholelithiasis in the gallbladder
Authors: Huang Zhen-peng , Qiu Hu
Published: September 2024

Background

Hypercholesterolemia induces cholelithiasis and dysfunction of gallbladder motility. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) contribute to gallbladder motility. Emodin modulates the contractility of the gallbladder muscle; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown.

Aim

This study aimed to explore the effects of emodin on gallbladder ICCs with cholelithiasis in a guinea pig model.

Methods

Animals were randomly divided into a healthy control group and three study groups. All study groups received a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 8 weeks. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to either the HCD group or one of the emodin treatment groups lasting 4 or 8 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured to determine changes in serum lipid levels. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the morphology and number of ICCs. TUNEL assays were performed to detect ICC apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe ICC structure. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect changes in stem cell factor (SCF)/c-kit pathway expression.

Results

Serum TC and TG were higher in all study groups. In cases of cholelithiasis, the SCF/c-kit pathway was downregulated, the number of gallbladder ICCs decreased, apoptosis increased, and the ICC network structure was damaged. After emodin treatment, the SCF/c-kit pathway was upregulated, the number of gallbladder ICCs increased, apoptosis decreased, and the ICC network structure recovered.

Conclusion

Cholelithiasis downregulates the SCF/c-kit pathway and damages gallbladder ICCs. Emodin upregulates the SCF/c-kit pathway and increases gallbladder ICCs, contributing to recovery from gallbladder motility disorders.\
Effects of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae on biochemical indicators of bone metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Zechen , Li Yuyi , Wu Zhenyu , Wang Chengjie , Huang Zhen , Ye Baisheng , Jiang Xin , Yang Xiaolong , Shi Xiaolin
Published: September 2024

Background

Evidence shows that the total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) can improve bone mineral density (BMD). However, there is no evidence to summarize the improvement of biochemical indicators of bone metabolism (BIBM).

Methods

The PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Chongqing VIP Information Database (VIP) and SinoMed were searched from inception to 6 May 2024. The final included studies performed meta-analyses using RevMan 5.3.

Results

Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were ultimately included. The TFRD group had higher bone gla protein (BGP) and type I procollagen-N-propeptide (PINP) compared to the Other therapies (WMD: 5.11; 95% CI: 3.37, 6.84; p < 0.00001; WMD: 13.89; 95% CI: 11.81, 15.97; p < 0.00001). The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) decreased significantly (WMD: −1.34; 95% CI: −1.62, −1.06; p < 0.00001). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased significantly (WMD: 7.47; 95% CI: 6.29, 8.66; p < 0.00001). There were no significant differences in serum calcium (SC) or serum phosphorus (SP) levels between the TFRD and control groups (WMD: 0.08; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.20; p = 0.17; WMD: 0.02; 95% CI: −0.02, 0.05; p = 0.36).

Conclusion

TFRD can stimulate bone formation and prevent bone resorption in osteoporosis (OP) patients, but it has no effect on SC and SP.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.