bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P6-14-01: Invasively distinct subpopulations cooperate via a laminin-332/Rac1 axis in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Yoon Sung Bo (Joseph) , Mouw Janna , Chen Luxiao , Wu Hao , Marcus Adam
Published: March 2023

Intratumoral heterogeneity poses a significant hurdle for cancer treatment, yet is under-characterized in the context of tumor invasion. Cancer cells from solid tumors can invade through two predominant modes: collective invasion, whereby cancer cells invade in multi-cellular packs or streams marked by intact cell-cell junctions; and single-cell invasion, whereby cells invade independently without intercellular adhesion. We have observed that collective and single-cell invasion co-occur within the same tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer, suggesting that invasive heterogeneity supports cooperative behavior between tumor subpopulations. To test this, we used a novel, published technique developed by the lab (SaGA) to isolate pure subpopulations of 4T1 cells that collectively invade (collectives) or single cells that invade alone (singles). 3-D spheroids of SaGA-purified collectives and singles exhibited almost exclusively collective and single-cell invasion, respectively, and these invasive phenotypes were retained over multiple passages. Integration of RNA sequencing and methylation array data obtained from RNA and DNA isolates, respectively, of collectives and singles revealed that collectives exhibit drastic overexpression and promoter hypomethylation of two laminin genes that form the laminin-332 complex, Lama3 and Lamc2. Additionally, an unbiased proteomic analysis of secreted proteins also revealed an overabundance of these laminins in collectives media. We found that singles have increased expression of integrin α6 and β4, which together have been found to specifically bind to laminin-332 to activate the Rac1 GTPase. Interestingly, our RNA sequencing data revealed a binary overexpression of a Rac1 GTPase, Prex1 in singles, suggesting that singles have enhanced Rac1 activation when compared to collectives with the potential for hyperactivation upon laminin-332 binding. Indeed, laminin-332 resulted in higher GTP-bound Rac1 in singles and subsequently increased invasion of singles in 3-D models. Additionally, laminin-332 induced cell elongation at the leading edge of singles spheroids, which was reversable by treatment with a Rac1 inhibitor. Together, our data suggests that distinct subpopulations amidst a heterogeneous tumor cooperate via laminin-332 and Rac1 to facilitate tumor invasion in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

Citation Format: Sung Bo (Joseph) Yoon, Janna Mouw, Luxiao Chen, Hao Wu, Adam Marcus. Invasively distinct subpopulations cooperate via a laminin-332/Rac1 axis in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-14-01.
JMJD6 Shapes a Pro-tumor Microenvironment via ANXA1-Dependent Macrophage Polarization in Breast Cancer
Authors: Cioni Bianca , Ratti Silvia , Piva Annamaria , Tripodi Irene , Milani Matteo , Menichetti Francesca , Langella Tiziana , Botti Laura , De Cecco Loris , Chiodoni Claudia , Lecis Daniele , Colombo Mario P.
Published: March 2023

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide, with the luminal subtype being the most widespread. Although characterized by better prognosis compared with other subtypes, luminal breast cancer is still considered a threatening disease due to therapy resistance, which occurs via both cell- and non–cell-autonomous mechanisms. Jumonji domain-containing 6, arginine demethylase and lysine hydroxylase (JMJD6) is endowed with a negative prognostic value in luminal breast cancer and, via its epigenetic activity, it is known to regulate many intrinsic cancer cell pathways. So far, the effect of JMJD6 in molding the surrounding microenvironment has not been explored.

Here, we describe a novel function of JMJD6 showing that its genetic inhibition in breast cancer cells suppresses lipid droplet formation and ANXA1 expression, via estrogen receptor alpha and PPARα modulation. Reduction of intracellular ANXA1 results in decreased release in the tumor microenvironment (TME), ultimately preventing M2-type macrophage polarization and tumor aggressiveness.

Implications:

Our findings identify JMJD6 as a determinant of breast cancer aggressiveness and provide the rationale for the development of inhibitory molecules to reduce disease progression also through the remodeling of TME composition.
Metabolomic, DNA Methylomic, and Transcriptomic Profiling of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid Effects on LPS-Exposed Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Chou Pochung Jordan , Sarwar Md Shahid , Wang Lujing , Wu Renyi , Li Shanyi , Hudlikar Rasika R. , Wang Yujue , Su Xiaoyang , Kong Ah-Ng
Published: March 2023

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with anticancer effects via epigenetic and non-epigenetic mechanisms. The role of SAHA in metabolic rewiring and epigenomic reprogramming to inhibit pro-tumorigenic cascades in lung cancer remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, DNA methylome reprogramming, and transcriptomic gene expression by SAHA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model of lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. LC/MS was used for metabolomic analysis, while next-generation sequencing was done to study epigenetic changes. The metabolomic study reveals that SAHA treatment significantly regulated methionine, glutathione, and nicotinamide metabolism with alteration of the metabolite levels of methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, glutathione, nicotinamide, 1-methylnicotinamide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in BEAS-2B cells. Epigenomic CpG methyl-seq shows SAHA revoked a list of differentially methylated regions in the promoter region of the genes, such as HDAC11, miR4509–1, and miR3191. Transcriptomic RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) reveals SAHA abrogated LPS-induced differentially expressed genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1α (IL1α), IL1β, IL2, IL6, IL24, and IL32. Integrative analysis of DNA methylome-RNA transcriptome displays a list of genes, of which CpG methylation correlated with changes in gene expression. qPCR validation of transcriptomic RNA-seq data shows that SAHA treatment significantly reduced the LPS-induced mRNA levels of IL1β, IL6, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), and DNMT3A in BEAS-2B cells. Altogether, SAHA treatment alters the mitochondrial metabolism, epigenetic CpG methylation, and transcriptomic gene expression to inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses in lung epithelial cells, which may provide novel molecular targets to inhibit the inflammation component of lung carcinogenesis.

Prevention Relevance:

Inflammation increases the risk of lung cancer and blocking inflammation could reduce the incidence of lung cancer. Herein, we demonstrate that histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid regulates metabolic rewiring and epigenetic reprogramming to attenuate lipopolysaccharide-driven inflammation in lung epithelial cells.
Initiating a Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Program: Comprehensive Workflow and Lessons Learned from the Initial 116 Cases
Authors: Zhang Daniel Y. , Pearce John J. , Mazza Jacob , Petrosyan Edgar , Borghei Alireza , Patel Neepa , Sani Sepehr
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) represents an incisionless treatment option for essential or parkinsonian tremor. The incisionless nature of this procedure has garnered interest from both patients and providers. As such, an increasing number of centers are initiating new MRgFUS programs, necessitating development of unique workflows to optimize patient care and safety. Herein, we describe establishment of a multi-disciplinary team, workflow processes, and outcomes for a new MRgFUS program. Methods: This is a single-academic center retrospective review of 116 consecutive patients treated for hand tremor between 2020 and 2022. MRgFUS team members, treatment workflow, and treatment logistics were reviewed and categorized. Tremor severity and adverse events were evaluated at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months post-MRgFUS with the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor Part B (CRST-B). Trends in outcome and treatment parameters over time were assessed. Workflow and technical modifications were noted. Results: The procedure, workflow, and team members remained consistent throughout all treatments. Technique modifications were attempted to reduce adverse events. A significant reduction in CRST-B score was achieved at 3 months (84.5%), 6 months (79.8%), and 12 months (72.2%) post-procedure (p < 0.0001). The most common post-procedure adverse events in the acute period (<1 day) were gait imbalance (61.1%), fatigue and/or lethargy (25.0%), dysarthria (23.2%), headache (20.4%), and lip/hand paresthesia (13.9%). By 12 months, the majority of adverse events had resolved with a residual 17.8% reporting gait imbalance, 2.2% dysarthria, and 8.9% lip/hand paresthesia. No significant trends in treatment parameters were found. Conclusions: We demonstrate the feasibility of establishing an MRgFUS program with a relatively rapid increase in evaluation and treatment of patients while maintaining high standards of safety and quality. While efficacious and durable, adverse events occur and can be permanent in MRgFUS.
A Simplified Clinical Prediction Rule for Prognosticating Dependent Daily Living in Patients with Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: A Multicenter Nationwide Japan Registry Study
Authors: Imura Takeshi , Hori Tomonari , Tanaka Ryo
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Clinical prediction rule (CPR) using decision tree analysis is able to show the branching of the variables under consideration in a clear, hierarchical manner, including specific reference values, which can be used as classifiers in clinical practice. However, CPRs developed by decision tree analysis for predicting the degree of independent living of patients with thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) are few. The purpose of this study was to develop a simplified CPR for prognosticating dependent daily living in patients with thoracic SCI. Methods: We extracted data on patients with thoracic SCI from a national multicenter registry database, the Japan Rehabilitation Database (JRD). All patients with thoracic SCI who were hospitalized within 30 days after the injury onset were included. The independent living was categorized in the JRD as follows: independent socially, independent at home, needing care at home, independent at the facility, and needing care at the facility. These categories were used as the objective variables in classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. The CART algorithm was applied to develop the CPR for predicting whether patients with thoracic SCI achieve independent living at hospital discharge. Results: Three hundred ten patients with thoracic SCI were included in the CART analysis. The CART model identified, in a hierarchical order, patient’s age, residual function level, and the bathing sub-score of Functional Independence Measure as the top three factors with moderate classification accuracy and area under the curve. Conclusions: We developed a simplified, moderately accurate CPR for predicting whether patients with thoracic SCI achieve independent living at hospital discharge.
Human-Centered Design Study to Inform Traceback Cascade Genetic Testing Programs at Three Integrated Health Systems
Authors: Romagnoli Katrina M. , Kulchak Rahm Alanna , Jonas Mary Cabell , Schwiter Rachel , Klinger Tracey , Ladd Ilene , Salvati Zachary , DiNucci Anna , Blasi Paula Rae , Sheridan Leigh , Scrol Aaron , Henrikson Nora B
Published: March 2023

Introduction: A traceback genetic testing program for ovarian cancer has the potential to identify individuals with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and their relatives. Successful implementation depends on understanding and addressing the experiences, barriers, and preferences of the people served. Methods: We conducted a remote, human-centered design research study of people with ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer (probands) and people with a family history of ovarian cancer (relatives) at three integrated health systems between May and September 2021. Participants completed activities to elicit their preferences about ovarian cancer genetic testing messaging and to design their ideal experience receiving an invitation to participate in genetic testing. Interview data were analyzed using a rapid thematic analysis approach. Results: We interviewed 70 participants and identified five preferred experiences for a traceback program. Participants strongly prefer discussing genetic testing with their doctor but are comfortable discussing with other clinicians. The most highly preferred experience for both probands and relatives was to discuss with a knowledgeable clinician who could answer questions, followed by directed (sent directly to specific people) or passive (shared in a public area) communication. Repeated contact was acceptable for reminders. Conclusion: Participants were open to receiving information about traceback genetic testing and recognized its value. Participants preferred discussing genetic testing with a trusted clinician. Directed communication was preferable to passive communication. Other valued information included how genetic tests help their family and the cost of genetic testing. These findings are informing traceback cascade genetic testing programs at all three sites.
A preliminary empirical study of react library related questions shared on stack overflow
Authors: Kurniaji Ganno Tribuana , Nugroho Yusuf Sulistyo , Islam Syful
Published: March 2023

React is a JavaScript library to develop user interfaces for single-page applications. Developers utilize react to build large web apps that allow users to update data without refreshing the page. Despite its benefits, many developers face react-related issues in the implementation. To find a solution, developers commonly shared and discussed their issues on stack overflow (SO). Although recent studies have demonstrated the benefits of utilizing react in web development, the trends of the users’ attentions remain unknown. In this study, we conducted a preliminary empirical study of react library-related questions shared on SO. We applied an exploratory data analysis technique to investigate the distribution of problems shared by the developers. The findings reveal that although the quantity of react-related topics on SO has risen over time, community interest is beginning to decrease. This is shown by the increase of the unsolved questions and the decrease of the number of views per year. Regarding the react users’ activity, most of them are more active in providing answers rather than commenting and providing scores. The findings of this study might point to future research that recommends approaches to assist the react community in overcoming issues while using react in the early phases.
Wearable Devices in Cardiovascular Medicine
Authors: Hughes Andrew , Shandhi Md Mobashir Hasan , Master Hiral , Dunn Jessilyn , Brittain Evan
Published: March 2023

Wearable devices, such as smartwatches and activity trackers, are commonly used by patients in their everyday lives to manage their health and well-being. These devices collect and analyze long-term continuous data on measures of behavioral or physiologic function, which may provide clinicians with a more comprehensive view of a patients’ health compared with the traditional sporadic measures captured by office visits and hospitalizations. Wearable devices have a wide range of potential clinical applications ranging from arrhythmia screening of high-risk individuals to remote management of chronic conditions such as heart failure or peripheral artery disease. As the use of wearable devices continues to grow, we must adopt a multifaceted approach with collaboration among all key stakeholders to effectively and safely integrate these technologies into routine clinical practice. In this Review, we summarize the features of wearable devices and associated machine learning techniques. We describe key research studies that illustrate the role of wearable devices in the screening and management of cardiovascular conditions and identify directions for future research. Last, we highlight the challenges that are currently hindering the widespread use of wearable devices in cardiovascular medicine and provide short- and long-term solutions to promote increased use of wearable devices in clinical care.
How Well Must Surface Vorticity Be Organized for Tornadogenesis?
Authors: Parker Matthew D.
Published: March 2023

This study investigates whether quasi-random surface vertical vorticity is sufficient for tornadogenesis when combined with an updraft typical of tornadic supercells. The viability of this pathway could mean that a coherent process to produce well-organized surface vertical vorticity is rather unimportant. Highly idealized simulations are used to establish random noise as a possible seed for the production of tornado-like vortices (TLVs). A number of sensitivities are then examined across the simulations. The most explanatory predictor of whether a TLV will form (and how strong it will become) is the maximal value of initial surface circulation found near the updraft. Perhaps surprisingly, sufficient circulation for tornadogenesis is often present even when the surface vertical vorticity field lacks any obvious organized structure. The other key ingredient for TLV formation is confirmed to be a large vertical gradient in vertical velocity close to the ground (to promote stretching). Overall, it appears that random surface vertical vorticity is indeed sufficient for TLV formation given adequate stretching. However, it is shown that longer-wavelength noise is more likely to be associated with substantial surface circulation (because it is the areal integral of vertical vorticity). Thus, coherent vorticity sources that produce longer-wavelength structures are likely to be the most supportive of tornadogenesis.
COVID-19 Communication and Media: The First Pandemic of the Digital Age
Authors: Schulz Jeremy , Robinson Laura , Ragnedda Massimo , Chiaraluce Cara , Kleinmann Oliver
Published: March 2023

This issue of American Behavioral Scientist marshals case studies of online media platforms such as Zoom, YouTube, and Twitter and digital hardware systems such as virtual reality technology to assess the often unexpected interactions between the pandemic and digital technologies. The issue leads with a case study of Zoom to examine the largely successful efforts which Zoom made in the wake of the pandemic to resolve unanticipated privacy and security problems afflicting the suddenly ubiquitous and indispensable platform. Subsequently, the issue charts the growing tensions between competing proprietary and open-source institutional logics during the pandemic. In the next section, articles consider the spread of covid-related information on YouTube and news outlets to take a comparative angle of vision both internationally and in terms of the dynamics of media production and reception in different cultural and societal environments. Variation is also key to the articles in the last section where research focuses on persistent digital usage gaps. Here the articles touch on the socioeconomic factors driving differentiated knowledge about the pandemic, as well as the relatively low uptake of digital technologies among older adults in housing facilities. Finally, we also learn about the effect of the social isolation and anxieties of the pandemic on the uptake of a new form of digital hardware, virtual reality equipment. To conclude this discussion of media during the first pandemic of the digital age, the issue closes with an eye to visualizations tools needed for the future. These contributions take the measure of how the pandemic intersected with digitized communications and media in varied and, at times, unequal ways, as well as lessons applicable to future crises.
Richard Nixon’s Left Knee and Its Impact on American History
Authors: Barr Justin , Pascarella Luigi , Pappas Theodore N.
Published: March 2023

Richard Nixon injured his left knee in a limousine door while campaigning in North Carolina in 1960, resulting in septic arthritis that required a multi-day admission to Walter Reed Hospital. Still ill for the first presidential debate that fall, Nixon lost the contest based more on his appearance than his performance. Partly as a result of this debate, he was defeated by John F. Kennedy in the general election. Because of his leg wound, Nixon developed chronic DVTs in that limb, including a severe thrombus in 1974 that embolized to his lung, required surgery, and prevented him from testifying at the Watergate Trial. Episodes like this one highlight the value of studying the health of famous figures, where even the most minor injuries have the potential to influence world history.
Neighbourhood characteristics and the treated incidence rate of borderline personality pathology among young people
Authors: O’Donoghue Brian , Michel Chantal , Thompson Katherine N , Cavelti Marialuisa , Eaton Scott , Betts Jennifer K , Fowler Claire , Luebbers Stefan , Kaess Michael , Chanen Andrew M
Published: March 2023

Objective:

The impact of the wider social environment, such as neighbourhood characteristics, has not been examined in the development of borderline personality disorder. This study aimed to determine whether the treated incidence rate of full-threshold borderline personality disorder and sub-threshold borderline personality disorder, collectively termed borderline personality pathology, was associated with the specific neighbourhood characteristics of social deprivation and social fragmentation.

Method:

This study included young people, aged 15–24 years, who attended Orygen’s Helping Young People Early programme, a specialist early intervention service for young people with borderline personality pathology, from 1 August 2000–1 February 2008. Diagnoses were confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders, and census data from 2006 were used to determine the at-risk population and to obtain measures of social deprivation and fragmentation.

Results:

The study included 282 young people, of these 78.0% ( n = 220) were female and the mean age was 18.3 years (SD = ±2.7). A total of 42.9% ( n = 121) met criteria for full-threshold borderline personality disorder, and 57.1% ( n = 161) had sub-threshold borderline personality disorder, defined as having three or four of the nine Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) borderline personality disorder criteria. There was more than a sixfold increase in the treated incidence rate of borderline personality pathology in the neighbourhoods of above average deprivation (Quartile 3) (incidence rate ratio = 6.45, 95% confidence interval: [4.62, 8.98], p < 0.001), and this was consistent in the borderline personality disorder sub-groups. This association was also present in the most socially deprived neighbourhood (Quartile 4) (incidence rate ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval: [1.10, 2.44]), however, only for those with sub-threshold borderline personality disorder. The treated incidence of borderline personality pathology increased incrementally with the level of social fragmentation (Quartile 3: incidence rate ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval: [1.37, 2.72], Quartile 4: incidence rate ratio = 2.38, 95% confidence interval: [1.77, 3.21]).

Conclusion:

Borderline personality pathology has a higher treated incidence in the more socially deprived and fragmented neighbourhoods. These findings have implications for funding and location of clinical services for young people with borderline personality pathology. Prospective, longitudinal studies should examine neighbourhood characteristics as potential aetiological factors for borderline personality pathology.
What is in a Mandate? Introducing the UN Peace Mission Mandates Dataset
Authors: Hellmüller Sara , Tan Xiang-Yun Rosalind , Bara Corinne
Published: March 2023

UN peace missions are constantly evolving. Yet, we lack a detailed understanding of the shifting types and objectives of peace missions beyond broad categorizations that distinguish for instance between observer, traditional, multidimensional, and peace enforcement missions. To address this gap, we present the UN Peace Mission Mandates (UNPMM) dataset. With global coverage, 30 years of data between 1991 and 2020, a broad scope that includes peacekeeping and political missions, and information on 41 mandate tasks, the UNPMM represents one of the most detailed and up-to-date datasets on UN peace mission mandates. We use it to highlight how mission types, objectives, and specific tasks have changed since the end of the Cold War, and to analyze what factors influence the kind of missions the UN is willing to authorize. The descriptive statistics and empirical analysis reaffirm the need for a greater disaggregation of data on UN peace missions and their mandates.
Educational Attainment and Differences in Patterns of Alcohol, Cannabis, and Tobacco Use Among Young Adults
Authors: Stamates Amy L. , Schulz Christina T. , Junkin Emily , Glenn Douglas J. , Lau-Barraco Cathy
Published: March 2023

Multigroup latent profile analysis examined whether patterns of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use varied between college student and nonstudent young adults ( N = 745), and profiles were characterized by alcohol- and drug-related problems, psychological distress, and perceived stress. Findings supported three profiles (high use across substances, primarily high tobacco use, and low use across substances) among students. Students in the high use group, relative to other groups, experienced the highest number of problems and psychological distress. Among nonstudents, two profiles emerged (high use across substances and primarily high tobacco use), and noncollege participants in the high use group experienced the highest problems, psychological distress, and perceived stress. Students, compared to nonstudents, reported more variability in their substance use profiles, as a low substance use group was not observed among nonstudents. Prevention and intervention efforts should target nonstudents, which could aid in reducing negative health outcomes based on disparities in education.
Exploring Resources for Responsiveness to Student Thinking in Practice
Authors: Richards Jennifer
Published: March 2023

Supporting teachers’ attention and responsiveness to the substance of student thinking is increasingly emphasized across disciplines. Yet studies demonstrate how such responsiveness, in practice, is highly contextualized and often fleeting. This study conceptualizes and examines what functioned as “resources for responsiveness” within and across nine sustained cases of responsiveness in three science teachers’ inquiry-oriented classrooms. Analyses demonstrated how a diverse range of personal, social, and material/structural resources facilitated teachers’ responsiveness, with some commonalities but also much variation across teachers. These findings contribute to the field’s understanding of what may support teachers’ attention and responsiveness to student thinking and suggest the importance of (a) responsiveness in the design and facilitation of professional learning and (b) increased attention to teachers’ affect.
Response to How Teacher Education Matters
Authors: Darling-Hammond Linda
Published: March 2023

This response to “How Teacher Education Matters” (2000) notes that the evidence base about the features of teacher education that matter for teacher effectiveness was substantial at that time and has grown stronger since. However, federal policy over the last two decades has reduced support for both preservice teacher education programs and for candidates’ financial assistance, while increasing support for alternative certification pathways that generally omit student teaching and often truncate coursework as well. One-third of teachers in recent years have entered without having completed preparation and are disproportionately assigned to schools serving low-income students and students of color. Meanwhile, recent research emphasizes the critical importance of well-designed clinical experiences with strong mentoring in high-quality settings, connected to applied coursework, as key to effectiveness. Residency programs are one emerging model that combines such experiences with financial supports, showing promise for recruiting and retaining a diverse, well-prepared set of candidates in high need fields and locations. High-performing countries like Finland and Singapore make these kinds of investments in teacher education routinely and shed light on the policy strategies needed to create a universally strong teacher education system.
JUST ANOTHER CIVIL WAR?
Authors: Kushi Sidita
Published: March 2023

When do Western powers intervene militarily on behalf of suffering strangers? Political elites’ perceptions of international conflicts may alter options for third-party management. Examining the precedent-setting case of the Kosovo Crisis via multi-language fieldwork, NATO archives, and content analysis, I discuss how Kosovo moved from the periphery of Western attention to becoming the litmus test of the Western security response. Contrary to literature that focuses on humanitarian norms or geopolitical interests as drivers of this NATO intervention, I argue that the Kosovo Crisis “earned” a humanitarian military intervention due to shifting favorable conflict perceptions, which encouraged Western institutional involvement. Such interactions between perceptions and intervention may apply to other global crises.
The effect of knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing on the use of E-learning
Authors: Abdekhoda Mohammadhiwa , Pourrasmi Aniseh , Ranjbaran Fatemeh
Published: March 2023

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted to evaluate the effect of knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing on the use of e-learning. Data were evaluated by using a questionnaire designed by the researchers, the components of which were based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). The research population included faculty members, and the research sample was selected based on Morgan’s Table. The collected data were analysed using SPSS software, and the final model was presented. The results indicated that knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing have a significant and direct effect on attitude and subjective norms of faculty members in using e-learning. Other findings showed that attitude and subjective norms control faculty members’ behavioural intention to use e-learning. It can be concluded that, knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing are among the influential factors in the successful implementation of e-learning and are effective elements of attitude and subjective norms of users.
Tensions in transfer, translation, and transformation of information: A sociomaterial perspective on heterogeneous work arrangements
Authors: Mathiassen Lars , Jonsson Katrin , Holmstrom Jonny
Published: March 2023

Although sociomaterial theorizing has provided important insights into how digital technologies enable or constrain behavior in organizational contexts, there is a need to advance theory to better account for how digital technologies shape heterogeneous work practices in which distributed organizational actors use diverse technology portfolios to collaboratively produce and consume information. Against that backdrop, we draw on the distinction between digital mediation and digital representation to investigate tensions in how actors transfer information across organizational and technological boundaries, how they translate information into meaning, and how they eventually transform information into action in digitalized work. We illustrate and develop this framing through detailed analyses of digitally enabled, condition-based maintenance of equipment in a mining context. Drawing on these analyses and extant literature, we advance theory on tensions in how digital technologies are implicated in producing and consuming information in today’s increasingly heterogeneous work practices.
Exploring the Relationship Between Privatization in Public Service Delivery and Coproduction: Evidence from U.S. Local Governments
Authors: Cheng Yuan (Daniel) , Brudney Jeffrey L. , Meijs Lucas
Published: March 2023

Since the New Public Management Movement, privatization has become a popular approach for delivering public services. However, few studies empirically assess the relationship between privatization of public service delivery and citizen participation in coproduction. Taking advantage of a national survey of U.S. local government chief administrators, this study aims to contribute to the literature by exploring the link between these two important mechanisms of public service provision. Our findings indicate that local governments are more likely to involve citizens in coproduction when a larger proportion of service delivery is privatized. Regarding various types of coproduction, privatization in public service delivery is positively associated with the likelihood of citizen involvement in co-planning, co-design, and co-assessment, but not in co-delivery. Finally, compared to for-profit service providers, involving nonprofit organizations in public service delivery is likely to create more opportunities for citizens to be involved in the coproduction of public services.
Development of a low-cost data acquisition system for a vapor compression refrigeration experimental workbench
Authors: Severo Foresto João Pedro , Martins Weliton Soares , do Lago Taynara Geysa S. , da Silva Marques Adriano
Published: March 2023

Refrigeration and air conditioning systems are essential in residential, commercial, and industrial segments. The data acquisition and the control of equipment results in an improvement in efficiency and a decrease in energy consumption, considering that the data obtained bring a better visualization and understanding of the components of the system. This work aims to automate data acquisition from a vapor compression refrigeration workbench by developing a low-cost data acquisition system. The system was developed using Arduino and LabView with the assistance of LINX software. After the communication between the controller and the program, six thermocouples were installed on the refrigeration workbench to acquire the temperatures in the program of the data acquisition system. For reading system pressure values, a camera was used to capture images from six analog pressure gauges. From reading these data, the pressure-enthalpy diagram of the thermodynamic cycle was obtained. The experimental refrigeration workbench has been used in teaching and research activities. The data acquisition system developed for the refrigeration workbench improved the realization of experiments, allowing a better comparison between experimental and theoretical results.
State capitalism, imperialism and China: Bringing history back in
Authors: Weber Isabella M.
Published: March 2023

State capitalism is experiencing a revival as a term to capture the current capitalist constellations and departures from neoliberalism. Unlike, neoliberalism, however, the term state capitalism has a long history reaching back to the age of imperialism in the late 19th century. Although state capitalism has been used as a prerogative term by Marxists, liberals, and neoliberals alike, it has served as a programmatic label for developmentalist and neomercantilist projects in reaction to imperialism in the periphery. This paper argues that we need to bring the intellectual history of state capitalism into the ‘new state capitalism’ debate. China has played a major role in the revival of state capitalism in the social sciences, but the long history of China's engagement with state capitalism as a concept and program dating back to the late Qing reformers has been overlooked for the most part. State capitalism is by no means new to China, from Liang Qichao, Sun Yatsen, and Mao Zedong to Deng Xiaoping, the idea that China had to create a modern nation-state and industrial capitalism in the name of economic progress and to get ahead in the global competition is a recurring theme. What is new is that for the first time, the ambition to use state capitalism as a means to catch up with the West is bearing fruits in ways that could undermine the predominance of Western economies.
“Quantity Itself Generates Quality”: Family Conceptions Between Catholicism, Nationalism, and Eugenics in Slovakia in the Late 1930s and Early 1940s
Authors: Szabó Miloslav
Published: March 2023

This study deals with the intersections but also the unrelenting tension between the Catholic Church und politics and efforts to regulate society through eugenics in order to heal it in the context of the establishment of the Slovak state between 1938 and 1941, which was based on a specific conception of traditional family. In the first step, the discourse of the national revolution in the period of Slovak autonomy at the turn of 1938 and 1939 is analyzed, with emphasis on the requirement of “national health” through measures of so-called positive eugenics. Subsequently, the article examines the efforts to institutionalize this discourse in the context of the establishment of a museum of hygiene according to the German model. Finally, it outlines the impact of this context on the preparation and implementation of the anti-interruption law on “fetal protection” of 1941.
Marriage, Family Planning, and Birth Control Discourses in Latvia during the Wars, 1914–1920
Authors: Lipša Ineta
Published: March 2023

In the territories of the Russian Empire populated by the Latvians, the years of the First World War (1914–1918) and the ensuing Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920) witnessed a significant transformation in the discourse on family planning and birth control. Because men were mobilized, there was a marked fall in the number of registered marriages, which meant that women had only a slim chance of marrying and planning a family. The nation's ideologues faced a challenge: how to restrain Latvian women from marriages and casual relationships with soldiers of the multi-ethnic Russian army and the occupying German army, who had been stationed in the Latvian-populated provinces since 1915, these having been separated by the battlefront. Women's demographic behavior was changing, with sexual life beginning before marriage, giving rise to a phenomenon of casual liaisons. Latvian nationalists, seeking to prevent such casual relationships in the name of the future they imagined for their people, promoted sexual restraint, which became at this time one of the strategies of the nation-building process. This article examines the wartime possibilities for marriage and the family planning associated with it and investigates the discourse of the propaganda of sexual restraint that was maintained and developed by Latvian nationalists, looking at their assessment of the situation and the principles they formulated for the appropriate (non-) use of sexuality, which in that context acted as a birth control instrument. The article looks at the role of abortion as a traditional means of birth control, and how the wartime conditions affected the number of children born outside of marriage. The research is based mainly on analyses of press materials, statistical data, and archival documents.
Loneliness as a Potential Mechanism of the Association Between Ageism and Mental Health Outcomes in the Chilean Context
Authors: Rosell Javiera , Vergés Alvaro
Published: March 2023

The negative impact of ageism on the mental health of older persons has been well studied, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship have not been explored in detail. The present study examines the relationship of ageism with depressive and anxious symptoms in older people, evaluating the indirect effect via loneliness. The analysis was carried out with a sample of 577 older adults living in Chile, using structural equation modeling to assess the direct and indirect effects of the proposed model.

The results showed the direct and indirect association of ageism with mental health outcomes. Ageism is positively related to loneliness and, in turn, to increased depressive and anxious symptoms. We discuss how loneliness linked with an ageist context contributes to anxiety and depressive symptomatology in the older population and the need to reduce ageism to favor the mental health of this age group.
Senior Services in US Hospitals and Readmission Risk or Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries Since the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Arbaje Alicia I. , Woodman Susannah , Keita Fakeye Maningbe B. , Leff Bruce , Yu Qilu
Published: March 2023

Background: The Senior Care Services Scale (SCSS) describes hospital provision of older adult services before the passage of the Affordable Care Act. Objectives: Since act passage, (1) update SCSS service groups; and (2) investigate hospital SCSS scores’ relationship to readmission or mortality among Medicare beneficiaries. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of older adults ≥65 years ( n = 1,416,669), admitted to 2570 US acute-care hospitals from 2014 to 2015. Outcomes: Hospital readmission, or death, within 30 and 90 days of discharge. Results: The updated SCSS had three service groups: Inpatient Specialty Care, Post-Acute Community Care, and Home Care and Hospice. Older adults admitted to high Inpatient-Specialty-Care-scoring hospitals had lower risk of death within 30 days (RR .94, 95% CI .91–.98), and 90 days (RR .94, 95% CI .91–.97). There was no significant association between Home-Care-and-Hospice and Post-Acute-Community-Care scores and study outcomes. Conclusion: Greater provision of hospital-level senior services may be associated with mortality reduction among Medicare beneficiaries.
Self-Management Strategies in Youth With Difficulties Related to Anxiety or Depression: What Helps Them Feel Better
Authors: Gaudreau Hélène , Radziszewski Stephanie , Houle Janie , Beaudin Annie , Boisvert Louis-Philippe , Brouri Syphax , Charrette Mathieu , Côté Laurent , Coulombe Simon , Labelle Réal , Louka Elissa , Mousseau Benjamin , Phaneuf Noémie , Rickwood Debra , Tremblay Pierre H.
Published: March 2023

Anxiety and depressive disorders are the most prevalent mental health problems in adolescents, however, little is known about the strategies they use to deal with their difficulties and regain power over their symptoms. This exploratory study documented the self-management strategies used by adolescents to recover from difficulties related to anxiety and/or depression. Individual interviews were conducted in Montreal, Canada with 49 participants aged 11 to 18 years (28 girls, 20 boys, and 1 non-binary person from various cultural origins) after approval by the Institutional Review Board. Young people were questioned about the self-management strategies they put in place when they felt stressed, sad, or anxious. The data were coded according to the thematic analysis method using an inductive approach. Participants reported 73 self-management strategies, regrouped in four broad themes: (a) I think through; (b) I surround myself with people/animals; (c) I feel and manage my emotions; (d) I continue my daily activities. Their strategies emphasize the role played by their social network and the place of social media as a support in their recovery. Self-management is an empowering process that allows adolescents to take responsibility and to make decisions that foster their recovery.
Dublin Anti-Bullying Self-Efficacy Scales: Bifactor and Item Response Theory Models
Authors: Kuldas Seffetullah , Sargioti Aikaterini , O’Higgins Norman James
Published: March 2023

Dublin Anti-Bullying Self-Efficacy Scales aim to measure the effectiveness of school anti-bullying programs in promoting five steps that victims and bystanders take against online and offline bullying behaviors. These steps are anti-bullying self-efficacy beliefs to recognize bullying behaviors, comprehend emergency, take responsibility, know what to do, and intervene. However, when an anti-bullying program is very effective for the majority of participants who give high scores, a considerable number of participants who give low scores are very likely to be detected as outliers. This raises two measurement issues. First, high scores create highly negatively skewed data and lead to measuring a unidimensional rather than multidimensional construct. This could be one reason why recent research has been unclear about the extent to which the scales measure a unidimensional, multidimensional, or bifactor construct. Second, should outliers be removed or be considered as participants for whom the program was ineffective? If the scales had measurement invariance across the group of outliers and non-outliers or low and high self-efficacy, it could be concluded that the anti-bullying program was ineffective for some participants. The current research aims to address these issues by testing both measurement invariance as well as unidimensional and bifactor models of anti-bullying self-efficacy. Results of Pure Exploratory Bifactor (PEBI) Analyses and Item Response Theory (IRT) with Two-Parameter-Logistic (2PL) Models of data from a convenience sample of 14-year-old students in Ireland ( N = 1,222) indicated sufficient psychometric properties of both unidimensional and multidimensional scales for victim offline, victim online, bystander offline, and bystander online. Further research can use these scales for measuring the bifactor model of anti-bullying self-efficacy as well as the cut-off score for distinguishing between low and high anti-bullying self-efficacy.
Alcohol Use and Physical Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Black Men: The Moderating Effect of Interpersonal Social Support
Authors: Lee Kerry A. , Smith Melissa E. , Bright Charlotte Lyn
Published: March 2023

Studies have consistently shown an association between alcohol use in adulthood and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Yet, no known studies have examined this relationship when considering social support as a potential moderator with a sample of Black men. To address this gap in knowledge, we examined the moderating role of interpersonal social support on alcohol use in adulthood and physical IPV perpetration among Black men. Data for 1,127 Black men were obtained from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Condition (NESARC, Wave 2). Descriptive and logistic regression models were run with weighted data using STATA 16.0. Results from logistic regression analyses revealed that alcohol use in adulthood significantly predicted IPV perpetration (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.18, p < .001). Interpersonal social support significantly moderated ( OR = 1.01, p = .002) the relationship between alcohol use and IPV perpetration among Black men. Additionally, age, income, and perceived stress were significantly associated with IPV perpetration among Black men. Our study findings highlight the role of alcohol use and social support in exacerbating IPV perpetration among Black men, and the need for culturally responsive interventions to address these public health concerns throughout the life course.
Digital education: Contributions towards sustainable schools for the future
Authors: Odunlami Ayosola
Published: March 2023

This article discusses the movement of education to online learning. It features the contributions and challenges of digital education in today's educational system.