bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF SOME DIVALENT METAL(II) COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM 1-[(4-IODO-PHENYLIMINO)-METHYL]-NAPHTHALEN-2-OL SCHIFF BASE
Authors: Ibrahim Ado , Na'aliya J. , Haleelu M. M. , Sani Salihu
Published: March 2022

Schiff base derived from condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and 4-iodoaniline was synthesized and used for the preparation of Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes. The complexes were characterized by IR, Powder-XRD, Solubility test, thermal analysis, conductivity measurement, magnetic susceptibility and elemental micro analysis. IR study indicated a strong band in the spectra of the Schiff base at 1603 cm-1 assigned to azomethine v(C=N) stretching vibration. It shifted to new frequency regions (1618 - 1622 cm-1) in the spectra of the complexes indicating the formation of the desired complexes. The decomposition temperatures of the complexes are in the range of (260-265) oC , molar conductance values are in the range of (4.51 -11.31) Ohm-1cm2 mol-1, indicating non electrolytic nature of the synthesized complexes in DMF. Magnetic susceptibility measurement indicated that Co(II) and Ni(II)  complexes are  paramagnetic and exhibit magnetic moment in the range of 2.92-3.24 BM, the values correspond to the square planar geometry. The Powder x-ray diffraction analysis showed the patterns of the metal(II) complexes were different from the reactants, signifying that reactants were changed to product. The CHN analysis results show the formation of 1:2 metal to ligand ratio. The synthesized compounds have been studied for antimicrobial activity using pathogenic bacteria and fungal pathogens by disc diffusion method. The results indicated that metal complexes (10 – 15 mm inhibition zone) are more active compared to Schiff base (8 – 12 mm inhibition zone) against the test organisms.
COMPARATIVE EXTRACTION OF Mn AND Pb USING EDTA AND CITRATE TO ASSESS THEIR MOBILITY FROM TWO DUMP SITES IN ZARIA METROPOLIS
Authors: Samuel-Okey Comfort , Ajibola V. O.
Published: March 2022

An estimate of the labile fractions of different trace metals (Mn and Pb) in soil from two dumpsites with complexing agents (EDTA and Citrate) was carried out. The dump sites used for this study receives both commercial and domestic wastes. Physiochemical parameters and the total metal concentrations of the soil was determined, extraction with EDTA and Citrate were used to study the potential metal extraction capacity at different time intervals and the extraction rates of  metal released as a function of time (between 0 to 24 hr). The relatively low levels of silt, clay, organic matter and CEC indicates high permeability, hence leachability of heavy metals in the soil and suggest that it might be amenable to remediation by soil washing. The removal efficiency showed that complete solubilization of metals did not occur, as not all the complexing agents added to the soil, was bound to the target metal. This might be due to the presence of other ions such as Ca and Fe which form relatively high stable complexes. EDTA yielded much more than citrate for both metals under consideration. Lead was extracted more than Manganese, which suggest Lead has been more labile in solution than Manganese and EDTA as a stronger complexing agent than citrate. The level of extraction was constant for the period of 60 min to 720 min after which it increased considerably.
WIND ENERGY MAPPING BASED ON QUANTUM GIS, MEASURED AND PREDICTED WIND SPEED IN KATSINA STATE
Authors: Rurumah A. S. , Umar F. A. , Lawan Salisu M. , Kawu S. J. , Okpala C. N. , Abidin W. A. W. Z.
Published: March 2022

Before a wind energy system is installed, modelling and prediction of wind speed plays an important role during wind energy planning stage. The short term wind speed of Katsina was measured at 5 m elevation at different locations using hand held digital rotating cup. In order to obtain long term wind speed, a prediction model using artificial neural network (ANN) was developed. The model was implemented using Matlab/Simulink 2019, which consists of 3 layers with back propagation algorithm. The model has 5 inputs which were selected using trial and error techniques. The model was trained, tested and validated using available 1 year data obtained from Katsina state agricultural and rural development agency KATARDA in 34 ground stations situated in each local government. After, the development of the ANN wind speed prediction model, the best architecture has root mean square error (RMSE) of 8.9%, mean biased error (MBE) 4.3% while the optimum correlation value of 0.9380 was realized. The predicted annual wind speeds are in the range of 0.9-13.1 m/s and  the yearly evaluated  wind speed are 3.2, 2.6 and 4.7 m/s for Katsina central, Katsina south and Katsina north respectively. The wind speed map of the study area was developed; the map shows the locations wind high, moderate and low wind energy potential. The map will serve as a reference for wind energy development in the state and will provide the policy makers and potential investors as a blue print for wind energy development.
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 TWEETS
Authors: Nureni Azeez A. , Ogunlusi Victor E. , Uloko Emmanuel Junior
Published: March 2022

Sentiment analysis involves techniques used in analyzing texts in order to identify the sentiment and emotion dominant in such texts and classify them accordingly. Techniques involved include but not limited to preprocessing of texts and the use a machine learning or lexical based approach in classifying these texts. In this research, attempt was made to adopt a machine learning approach to classify tweets on Covid-19 which is considered a global pandemic. To achieve this noble objective, a cross-dataset approach was applied to train four machine learning classification algorithms: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Naïve Bayes (NB), as well as K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm (KNN). The final result will not only assist us in knowing the best performing algorithm, it will also assist in creating awareness on Covid-19 with the final objective of destigmatizing the patients through the analysis of sentiments and emotions on Covid-19  and finally use the same result for containing the spread of the pandemic
A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO NORMAL REGRESSION MODELLING WITH AGGREGATE CLIMATIC DATA
Authors: Agada P. O. , Ogwuche O. I. , Abagwalatu C. F.
Published: March 2022

Modeling the relationship between some climatic determinants in the wet or cropping season of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria requires data aggregation. The consequence of this aggregation is the reduction in data sample size. This poses serious challenge of lack of model-fit when the Classical Linear Regression Modeling Approach is employed. The Bayesian Normal Regression Modeling Approach was therefore employed in surmounting this problem. Three Bayesian Normal Regression Models were fitted namely; the Solar radiation, Total Rainfall Amount and the Number of Dry Days model. Each model result was compared with that of its Classical model counterpart. The discrepancies observed were blamed on the sample size reduction. The results of the Bayesian models revealed that; Solar radiation increases by 0.791 MJ/m2 for each unit increase in the natural logarithm of Relative humidity. While it increases by 0.895 MJ/m2 for each unit increase in the natural logarithm of Wind speed. Total Rainfall Amount increases by 66.280 mm for each unit increase in the natural logarithm of the Number of Dry Days while it increases by 2.912 mm for each unit increase in the natural logarithm of the Number of Wet Days. Furthermore, the Number of Dry Days decreases by 6.905 days for each unit increase in the natural logarithm of Number of Wet days, while it increases by 2.028 days for each unit increase in the natural logarithm of Total Rainfall Amount. The study affirmed that the cropping season climate of Makurdi is becoming
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF Cassia alata FLOWER
Authors: Adebayo O. R. , Oyewale M. O. , Adegoke B. M. , Efunwole O. O. , Adedokun A. A. , Ogunsola G. O.
Published: March 2022

Medicinal plant is a part of plant or the whole plant that possesses healing properties. It’s of utmost importance in many areas of life. Cassia alata belongs to this class of plants. The present study was carried out to evaluate the mineral elements, proximate, vitamins, phytochemical compositions and infra-red spectra of the flower of Cassia alata plant. The analyses were carried out using standard analytical techniques. The proximate analysis (%) showed that the flower contained ash (7.060±0.082), moisture (8.489 ±0.151), crude fat (12.319 ± 0.292), crude fibre (16.055 ±0.756), protein (10.447±0.06) and carbohydrate (45.630± 0.120). Elemental analysis (ppm) showed the presence of zinc (0.719 ±0.006), copper (0.071 ±0.002), nickel (0.0064 ±0.001) manganese (0.059±0.001) and iron (0.061 ±0.002) in moderate quantity with magnesium (26.577 ±0.005) and calcium (37.302 ± 0.020) while phosphorus (106.400 ± 0.001) was found in large amount. The result from the vitamin analysis (mg/g) revealed vitamin C to be the most abundant vitamin with (37.853±0.039mg/g) while the composition of vitamin B1 was (0.244±0.002mg/g) and vitamin B2 (0.473±0.0009mg/g). Phytochemicals (mg/g) were detected; phenols (14.319±0.064), saponins (14.692±0.653), flavonoids (13.940±0.017) and tannins (1.247±0.050). Also, Infra-red characterization of the flower part of the plant indicated some functional properties which are of medicinal benefits to man and animals. This study proposes that the flower of Cassia alata  can serve as good source of nutrients and with potentials as therapeutics
GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION USING RESISTIVITY AND FLOWNET DATA AT THE EASTERN PART OF ILORIN, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Ajayi D. I. , Adebayo Samuel , Ajayi S. O.
Published: March 2022

Flownets, geo-electric layers construction and groundwater exploration analysis was investigated in the eastern and Western parts of Ilorin of Southwestern Nigeria. Apata-Yakuba, Eleko-yangan, Tepatan, Oke-Andi at the Eastern part and Akamo, Idi-Araba in the Western part of Ilorin were surveyed to depict the exact locations for potential future groundwater exploration. A preliminary step to collect lithologs of wells from the records of Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency used 35 water samples taken from hand dug wells and boreholes. Static water levels, total depth and coordinates of hand dug wells were measured using tape and GPS respectively. The Static water level (below ground surface and above sea level) values and their coordinates were processed using IPWIN resist software to generate the water level locations on topographical contour maps and the groundwater flow net of the study area. Result reflects the presence of crystalline rocks consisting of migmatite gneiss, granite gneiss, quartzite and granite. Analysis and interpretation of flownet shows ascending equipotential lines at the Eastern part indicating an easy groundwater movement, and divergent equipotential lines at the Western part indicating difficulty in water movement in the study area. The static water levels values together with the corresponding coordinates were superimposed on the geological map of the study area. This research reveals the water table is very close to ground surface in Oyun, Oke-Andi resulting into digging of shallow wells by the dwellers of the area. Water table is also far away from the surface in places Tepatan, Apata-Yakuba among others
PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS PROFILE OF LIMA BEAN (PHASEOLUS LUNATUS) FOODS IN KADUNA STATE
Authors: Dankat Charity , Olumuyiwa Owolabi A.
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to determine the amino acids content of some lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) foods in Kaduna State. The foods include lima bean porridge, lima bean-benniseed and lima bean-hungry rice. These foods were subjected to amino acids and proximate analysis using standard procedures and analytical methods. Amino acid composition of lima bean-benniseed recorded higher content of essential amino acids leucine (6.97g/100g), lysine (7.10g/100g), methionine (2.60g/100g), threonine (3.81g/100g), and also had higher content of non-essential amino acids, tyrosine (3.45g/100g), alanine (4.54g/100g), serine (3.94g/100g), glutamic acid (12.94g/100g) and aspartic acid (8.68g/100g). Lima bean-hungryrice food had higher content of isoleucine (4.04g/100g), phenylalanine (4.13g/100g), tryptophan (1.26g/100g). Proximate composition shows that the protein content of lima bean-benniseed food (8.33%) and lima bean porridge (8.30%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than lima bean-hungry rice foodwhile lima bean-benniseed food had higher content of crude fat (13.46%), ash (2.28%) and crude fibre (4.09%) compared to other foods. The carbohydrate content (24.58%) of lima bean porridge was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other foods. The study shows that lima bean foods have a good nutritional profile therefore; increase in the consumption of foods prepared with lima beans could serve as an addition to food-based strategies used in decreasing malnutrition and its effects.
ASSESSMENT OF TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS (TPH) CONTAMINATION WITH Kyllinga pumila And Spirogyra longata AROUND NIGERIAN NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION (NNPC) JOS DEPOT’S EFFLUENT WATER DISCHARGED POINT
Authors: Abdulmumin Shaheed , Dashak D. A. , Joseph K. O.
Published: March 2022

One of the major environmental problems today is hydrocarbons contamination resulting from activities related to the petrochemical industry. Accidental releases of petroleum products are of particular concern in to the environment hydrocarbons compounds have been known to belong to the family of carcinogenic and neurotoxin organic pollutants. The use of plants to clean up this contaminated site is a promising technology and the ability of the plants to germinate and grow in petroleum-contaminated soil differs due to plants species as well as petroleum hydrocarbons types. In this study, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were determined in Kyllinga pumila and Spirogyra longata growing at Nigerian national petroleum corporation (NNPC) Jos Depot. The chemical analysis was carried out with the aid of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) detector, the result showed that Spirongyra longata could germinate and grow in petroleum products contaminated site with TPH level of 6881.98595 ppm and Kyllinga pumila did not survived in the same site with TPH level of 9536. 88801 ppm.
SYNTHESIS OF METAL CARBOXYLATES FROM ALMOND SEED OIL (TERMINALIA CATAPPA
Authors: Amos Olusegun , Odetoye T. E , Ogunniyi D. S.
Published: March 2022

TThe less exploited seed oil of almond was investigated for its potential utilization as a raw material for the synthesis of metal carboxylates. The oil was extracted from the almond seeds and a yield of 42% was obtained. The oil was characterized and used to synthesize the carboxylates of barium, calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, nickel and zinc. The functional groups of fatty acid carboxylates produced were confirmed by FTIR. The characteristic colours of the carboxylates were white (barium, calcium, magnesium and zinc carboxylates), ash (Cobalt carboxylate), mint green (copper carboxylate), brown (iron carboxylate), and lemon green (nickel carboxylate). The pH of the solutions of the metal carboxylates varies from 6.6 to 10 with no free alkaline. The foam stability test revealed a length of 1.3 cm for barium carboxylate and 0.3 cm for magnesium carboxylate while other carboxylates did not foam.
ON THE STUDY OF CHAINS SOFT SETS, SOFT ORDERED SETS AND SOFT SEMILATTICES
Authors: Yusuf A. O. , Nworah Chinenye , Isyaku M.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study the concept of chains soft sets and set-valued function of chains soft sets. The definitions of chains soft sets or linear order or total order soft set are given. The notions of binary relation of comparability of the elements of set-valued functions are also discussed. Linearization’s of a partial order soft set are also defined. The definition and some algebraic structure of soft semilattice are also given.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CHARGED AND NEUTRAL PION-NUCLEON COUPLING CONSTANTS USING YUKAWA POTENTIAL MODEL
Authors: Manga Peter J. , Likta E. W. , Teru P. B.
Published: March 2022

The meson field theory based on the Yukawa model for nuclear forces is estimated using a simple relationship between the charged and neutral pion- nucleon coupling constant. This signifies that the charged coupling constant is larger compared to the value obtains for neutral pions. Therefore since np interaction is stronger than the pp interaction, we look at the value obtained for charged pion – nucleon constant which gives good agreement with one of the recent experimental values, and then the splitting between the charged and neutral pion – nucleon coupling constants is practically the same as that between charged and neutral pion mass. In this case, the mass difference between the charged and neutral pion is also calculated to assess the amount of charge dependence of the Neutron – Neutron scattering length
DETERMINATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL AREAS IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, KADUNA, NIGERIA
Authors: Akintayo Toyin , Bello S. A. , Ugwu S. J. , Mwali C. N.
Published: March 2022

Groundwater is one of the major resources important for sustainable growth and development. Proper management of the resources is therefore important to meet all the water requirements for human existence to continue. In this study, an investigation is made to explore for groundwater potential areas of Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State using remote sensing and GIS technique. The data used for the study are as follows; Landsat 8 (OLI) 30m, Aster data (30m), Geologic map, Soil map and Topographic map was used to generate the factors such as;  Land use/cover, Slope, Geomorphology, Geologic rock types, soil textures and drainage density. All the factors and its attributes were weighted and rated respectively and were classified according to their importance to groundwater occurrence using the modified DRASTIC model and the weighted overlay technique was used to create a groundwater potential map of the metropolis. Groundwater potential map were classified into four categories that best describes the potential of each area. These classes are; Poor (21%), Moderate (23%), Good (26%) and Very Good (30.2%) groundwater potential which was found to be concentrated in the central part of the metropolis. This result was verified against existing borehole data and field observations to validate the accuracy and was found to be 76% accurate. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of Remote Sensing and GIS as an effective tool in delineation and identification of groundwater potential areas.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURE AND IMPLICIT PRICE DEFLATOR ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA BETWEEN 2001 – 2020
Authors: Abdulazeez Sikiru A.
Published: March 2022

Capital expenditure involves spending on assets. It has a lasting impact on the economy and helps provide a more efficient, productive economy. There is the need to examine the impact of government capital expenditure and implicit price deflator on economic growth in Nigeria. The data used is secondary in nature from Nigeria Bureau of Statistics. The statistical package used is SPPS Version 23. The objectives of this research work includes the determination of a model for predicting the growth of the GDP, to authenticate and validate the model for use and finally to predict the GDP given the revenue and implicit price deflator (IPD). From the analysis on multiple regression, it was observed that the p <0.05, indicating that the model is significant, also Adjusted R2 (0.984) depicts that 98.4 percent of the variation in GDP is explained by the model; hence the model is seen to be adequate. The findings also revealed that IPD with p <0.05 is the only variable contributing to GDP for the period under study. It is therefore recommended that economic policy should be designed in such a manner that Government expenditure on per capital will reflect on growth of the domestic economy
OPTIMUM DIMENSIONING OF INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN SOME GSM OPERATORS IN NIGERIA USING ERLANG B MODEL
Authors: Danbatta Kafilu , Dan-Isa Ado
Published: March 2022

In the research, development, design and operation of telecommunication and computer networks, the important problems are determining the optimum configuration and dimensions of the system’s capacity for providing a given performance or Grade of Service (GoS). It would be uneconomical if exclusive resources such as switching and transmission facilities were dedicated to each customer. Therefore a pool of facilities is provided in common for a number of customers, and thus situations can arise in which a customer has to wait for connection, due to shortage of resources. Hence, it is required to evaluate such GoS quantitatively, and clarify relations between the GoS and the amount as well as configuration of the telecommunications facilities. In this paper, the Erlang B model coupled with Siemens Normal and High Load formulae are used to determine the optimum network capacity based on detailed user behavior and demanded quality of service parameters in an overall telecommunication system. As a benchmark, 18 months teletraffic data for interconnections between Networks A to F in Nigeria was utilized and Microsoft Excel was used for the analysis of the data. The performance level of the system has been calculated according to the International Telecommunications Union Standards (ITU-T) criteria. The results showed a Call Completion Rate (CCR) of 63% and the Answer Seizure Ratio (ASR) of 23% which were below the then standard values of 75% and 55% respectively. The result shows that the interconnections were not optimum. Some were over dimensioned and some were under dimensioned. Comparing with the
COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF FULL FAT SOYBEAN AND NON FAT SOYBEANS MEALS IN BROILER DIETS ON THEIR GROWTH PERFORMANCE
Authors: Abdullahi J. , Elechi U. J. , Uduma F. C.
Published: March 2022

Study was conducted to compare the effect of full fat soybean and non-fat soybeans meals in broiler diets on their growth performance. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) day old mixed sex chicks purchase from a reputable farm were used for this study, which lasted for eight weeks. The birds were reared on deep litter floor pens using wood shavings as litter material. The birds were brooded in the same pen for two weeks and randomly divided into two (2) groups of 60 birds per group. Data collected were subjected to General Linear Model procedure of the statistics analysis system SAS statistical package. Statistically significant means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) Duncan. The results of the experiment carried out on the assessment of weight gain on broiler fed full - fat soybean showed that the final body weight, weight gained, average daily weight gain, total feed intake per bird and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the birds increases significantly (p<0.01) across the treatments. The final body weight in T3 (4005.00g) was similar to T4 (4140.00g), which were higher than treatment T1 (3510.00) and T2 (3600.00g). The cost price per kg in T3 (47270.75±0.00) N/kg and T4 (7519.06±0.00) N/kg were similar and higher, followed by T2 (6525.84±0.00) N/kg whereas the least cost price per kg was observed in T1 (6360.29±0.00) N/kg. Further studies should be carried out to find other possible ways to influence the real performance of broiler on full fat and non - fat
BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AFTER THE CONSUMPTION OF SOME VEGETABLES GROWN ALONG RIVERS JAKARA AND GETSI IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: ABBA MUKTAR ALIYU , Alhassan A. J. , Atiku M. K. , Pedro S. I. , Wudil A. M.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage and lettuce were collected from three locations each along the irrigation farms of Rivers Jakara and Getsi. Domestic and industrial waste are freely discharge into these rivers.   Thirty Nine Albino Rats were divided into Thirteen (13) groups where Animals in groups 1-12 were fed with diet containing 10% cabbage or lettuce. The 13th group were fed with normal diet. After 90 days, the Animals were sacrificed, blood and organs were collected. Fe had the highest level in the blood and significantly different from the control in all the groups. The level of other essential heavy metals is in the following order of decreasing concentration, Fe> Zn > Cu > Cr > Mn > Co while Pb has the highest concentration and in the following order of decreasing concentration Pb > As > Cd > Ni > Hg. A significant decrease in weight of the heart, kidney and pancreas was observed and a significance difference in the organ/body weight coefficient was observed in the Liver (group 3, 4 and 11) Kidney (group 5, 6 and 7) and Pancreas (group 1, 3 and 9). The bioaccumulation index (BAI) shows that eight (8), Seven (7) and Six (6) of the elements analyzed accumulates in the Liver and the Pancreas, Kidney and Heart respectively. Liver accumulated more Cadmium, Lead and Nickel while Pancreas accumulated Nickel, Manganese and Cobalt. Consumption of these vegetables led to reduction in organ weight, increase blood levels and bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in vital organs of albino rats
PRICE BASED TRAFFIC CONGESTION CONTROL IN THE UPCOMING 5G DEPLOYMENT
Authors: Danbatta Kafilu , Usman Binta
Published: March 2022

The demand for data in the 4G (Fourth Generation networks) and 5G (Fifth Generation networks) is becoming excessively high and the solution is being investigated to effectively utilize the available spectrum at the physical layer across different protocols to speed-up access from 2.5 to 10 times. Furthermore, the current proposals for 5G systems is envisaged to increase spectrum efficiency which brings about customer satisfaction, network density and operational efficiency, using newly 3.5 GHz NCC auctioned spectrum bands. The CPU processing power and cloud computing are expected to be the key driving factors in the evolution of wireless Network from 1G to 5G. These support wide range of new technologies like IoT, smart cities and Cyber and information Security as well as broadband penetration using entirely new Network architectural concept as a total transformation. This paper presents 5G network tariff implementation strategies and proposes a model of revenue generation which would enable a market mechanism that would allow the customer to communicate with the 5G Network and negotiate a contract based on some QoS (Quality of Service) parameters like blocking probabilities of High Priority Users (HPUs) and Low Priority Users (LPUs) , delay, and price.  The percentage Improvement in Cumulative Revenue (CR) generated by the proposed model over the existing models is 10. Recommendations were made on the way forward for the optimum 5G tariffs in the Nigerian context
Pengaruh Kepemilikan Saham Asing, Kualitas Informasi Internal, Publisitas CEO, ROA, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak
Authors: Akbar Muhammad , Chandra Teddy , Yayuk Priyati Rini
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of foreign share ownership, quality of internal information, publicity of chief executive officer, return on assets, leverage and company size on tax avoidance in mining companies listed on the IDX from 2010 to 2018. Analytical tools used in This study is a multiple linear regression with tax avoidance as measured by dividing the amount of tax paid with profit before tax which is the dependent variable and six independent variables, namely foreign share ownership as measured by dividing total foreign shares by total shares outstanding, quality of information. internal which is measured by the number of days from December 31 to the date of publication of the company's annual financial statements, CEO publicity is measured through google trends, ROA is measured as a percentage of the ratio between net income after tax and total assets, leverage is measured by n divide total debt by total assets, and firm size is measured by the log of total assets. The data used is secondary data obtained from mining financial reports listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI), with documentation techniques. The results of data processing obtained model Y = 0.329 - 0.082 KSA - 0.002 KII + 0.001 PCEO + 0.118 ROA + 0.107 LEV + 0.011 UKP + e. Partially, the results of the t test show that the variables of foreign share ownership, internal information quality, CEO publicity, leverage, and company size have an effect on tax avoidance, but return on assets has no effect on tax avoidance. The analysis results show that the tax avoidance variable is influenced by the independent variable by 14%.
Analisis Investasi Syariah Sukuk Negara: Komparasi Sukuk Ritel dan Sukuk Tabungan
Authors: Raksawati Ai Cucu , Nugraha Nugraha , Sari Maya
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji Sukuk Negara yang terdiri dari Sukuk Retail (SR) dan Sukuk Tabungan (ST) yang merupakan bagian dari Surat Berharga Syariah Negara (SBSN). Dalam investasi Sukuk, selain memperoleh imbalan, masyarakat juga turut serta membantu pembangunan Dalam Negeri. Tujuan dari peneitian ini untuk menganalisis imbalan/kupon perolehan dari investasi SR maupun ST dan menilai kecenderun

gan investasi syariah dalam Sukuk Negara masyarakat Indonesia. SR sudah terbit sejak Februari 2009, sedangkan ST baru terbit pada 2016. nilai outstanding SR pun lebih besar daripada ST. Analisis data

dilakukan secara kualitatif dan perhitungan data sekunder untuk komparasi, diperoleh melalui laman resmi Ditjen Pengelolaan Pembiayaan dan Risiko. Selain perbedaan jatuh tempo, antara SR dan ST berbeda dalam penentuan besarnya imbalan serta tradability nya. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dalam menentukan

SR ataupun ST tergantung kondisi fundamental suatu negara. Jika kondisi negara relatif stabil untuk 2-3 tahun kedepan, maka investasi pada Sukuk Tabungan relatif menguntungkan. Namun jika situasi fundamental

negara relatif fluktuatif, terdapat berbagai ke tidakpastian, maka investasi pada Sukuk Ritel adalah pilihan investasi yang lebih baik.
Pengaruh Efikasi Diri dan Lokus Kendali terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Learning Agility
Authors: Khildani Anizzibda Chahya , Suhermin  , Lestariningsih Marsudi
Published: March 2022

Kinerja karyawan dinilai kurang optimal karena hasil yang dikerjakan sebatas menyelesaikan target namun karyawan kurang berinisiatif dalam berinovasi. Karyawan yang memiliki kemampuan belajar yang tinggi akan semakin menguatkan kepercayaan diri dan persepsi bahwa dia bisa mengendalikan kejadian didalam hidupnya sehingga karyawan lebih semangat dalam bekerja dan menghasilkan pekerjaan yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efikasi diri dan locus of control terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui learning agility pada PT Bank Pan Indonesia – cabang Tanjung Perak Surabaya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan purposive sampling untuk mendapatkan sampel penelitian sebanyak 32 responden. Penelitian hipotesis menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri secara langsung maupun melalui learning agility berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Bank Pank Indonesia Tbk. Sedangkan learning agility berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Bank Pan Indonesia Tbk – cabang Tanjung Perak Surabaya. Variabel locus of control secara langung dan melalui learning agility berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT Bank Pan Indonesia Tbk – cabang Tanjung Perak Surabaya.
Digital Readiness Analysis in Bandung Government for Smart City Implementation
Authors: Sukmadiansyah Reza , Noviaristanti Siska
Published: March 2022

Digital readiness is the willing to switch to digital process workflows supported by technological innovation. It is changing the way business is conducted, creating unprecedented opportunities. Digital readiness is known as the pre-requisite for digital transformation in implementing smart governance to build a smart city. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect employing smart strategies and digital readiness of smart innovation initiatives on the governance of Bandung city government. A total of 400 questionnaires were collected from 27 offices of the Bandung city government using online questionnaire, website link and face to face collection from the respective offices.
Data collected were examined using multiple regression analysis. This research found that employing smart strategies and digital readiness are positively and significantly affecting the outcome of smart governance of Bandung city government.
Social Expenditure and Competitiveness: Is there any Link?
Authors: Karakostas Emmanouil
Published: March 2022

Social policies form a part of every state’s basic economic policy. Many countries implement social policy measures to eradicate social conflicts. A key element of the design of any social measure is its financing. The main sources of financing for social benefits are fiscal policies and borrowing. Social expenditure is a key measure of a state's social policy. Although the exercise of social measures often significantly though indirectly benefits the society of a country, the basic assumption is that it places a certain direct burden on the country’s economy. Research says that social spending helps economic growth. The question is this: to what extent is social spending related to a state’s productivity? This question is critical for one reason in particular. Although social expenditure may be related to inflationary pressures or a slowdown in economic functioning, it may also help long-term economic functioning by stimulating productivity. The macroeconomic degree of productivity is important because the productivity of a state increases its competitiveness. This study will show whether social spending helps improve competitiveness. The methodology applied is ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression analysis.
Tina Soliman Hunter, Jørnn Øyrehagen Sunde and Ernst Nordtveit (eds.), The Character of Petroleum Licences – A Legal Culture Analysis (Cheltenham: E. Elgar, 2020)
Authors: Savov Ognyan
Published: March 2022

The Character of Petroleum Licences – A Legal Culture Analysis is the sixth book in the Edward Elgar’s “New Horizons in Environmental and Energy Law” series. It revisits the original study into the legal character of petroleum licenses in the relation between the licensor and licensee as of Daintith’s 1981 monograph The Legal Character of Petroleum Licences: A Comparative Study (University of Dundee, Centre for Petroleum and Mineral Law Studies, ISBN: 0906343089), and it looks at how it has been developed since then. The book incorporates not only the original jurisdictions – Australia, Canada, Norway and the UK – but also those of USA, the Netherlands, Uganda, Russia, Mexico and China. The introduction chapter pays attention to the fact that although the term “legal character” has been used in the 1981 monograph, little attention has been paid to its difference with regard to “legal culture”, which considers that politics, economy and law are intertwined, and displays the characteristics and internal relationships of the reviewed petroleum regimes.
Ken S. Coates and Carin Holroyd (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Arctic Policy and Politics (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020)
Authors: Johnstone Rachael Lorna
Published: March 2022

The Palgrave Handbook of Arctic Policy and Politics is one of an increasing number of anthologies addressing Arctic governance from a variety of academic perspectives. The collection is organised into seven parts, each representing a different discipline although by the nature of the topic, these often overlap. These are: I Indigenous Peoples and Arctic Social Dynamics; II Economic Development; III Policies of Arctic Nations; IV The Arctic and International Relations; V Arctic Legal and Institutional Systems; Arctic Security; and VII Reflections on Future of the Arctic (emphasis in original).
Karen N. Scott and David L. VanderZwaag (eds.) Research Handbook on Polar Law (Cheltenham/Northampton: E. Elgar, 2020)
Authors: Fusco Sara
Published: March 2022

The Research Handbook on Polar Law by Edward Elgar Publishing is part of the series of Research Handbooks that the British publishing house offers as a research focus in different disciplines and properly indexed in particular themes. In the case of the Research Handbook in Polar Law, the collection of 22 articles attempts to offer a comprehensive view of what constitutes the dimension of Polar Law: biodiversity, culture, politics.
Pierre Schill, Réveiller l’archive d’une guerre coloniale (Grâne: Creaphis, 2018)
Authors: Rossi Barbara
Published: March 2022

While conducting research on coal miners in the archives of Herault in Southern France, historian Pierre Schill came across a box which contained the papers of Deputy Paul Vigne d’Oton. Inside were old photographs which were both nameless and undated. It was clear that they had been taken not in the South of France, but in Northern Africa during the Colonial Wars. Indeed, the images were so impressive that they stayed in Schill’s mind for a long time. For this reason, he chose to accept the challenge of investigating and interpreting those sources. In so doing, he was able to reawaken the and enliven the archives.
Edward H. Huijbens, Developing Earthly Attachments in the Anthropocene (London: Routledge, 2021)
Authors: Baruchello Giorgio
Published: March 2022

Letting the proverbial genie out of the bottle is bad. Killing the genie after it has leaped out of the bottle is even worse. Now, and perhaps forever, the bottle is going to be empty. Our culture, to a significant extent, is a thoroughly disenchanted one. Apart from a passé and largely passing minority, notions of sacredness and divinity have mostly disappeared from the leading conceptual horizon. As Nietzsche famously asserted, God is dead—and it was us who killed Him. Academia, for one, cultivates a veritable graveyard of past ‘irrationalities’ and serves as an imposing bastion of practical atheism, especially in the Nordic countries, where the intellectuals’ secular outlook is part and parcel of the broader conventional wisdom. On Sundays, people no longer go to church. Instead, they go to the shopping mall.
Felia Allum, Isabella Clough Marinaro and Rocco Sciarrone (eds.), Italian Mafias Today. Territory, Business and Politics (Cheltenham: E. Elgar, 2019)
Authors: Baruchello Giorgio
Published: March 2022

As an Italian academic who has lived and worked in North America and Northern Europe, I am frequently saddened, but by no means surprised, by the cavalier references that my non-Italians colleagues frequently make about the mafia. On the one hand, they somehow assume it to be a rather prosaic and obvious aspect of daily life throughout Italy, and Italy alone. On the other hand, perhaps conditioned by “TV series such as Gomorrah, the US ‘reality’ TV show Mob Wives” (1) or by Francis Ford Coppola’s Godfather movie trilogy, they talk of it as though the mafia were something cool, glamorous, almost enviable: the magic union of Svengali and Giorgio Armani.
The Role of Teachers as Motivators and Their Influence on Learning Outcomes (Analysis Study of Class 1D Santri at LPI Mudi Putri Mesjid Raya Samalanga, Bireuen Regency)
Authors: Tgk Armis  , Muliani  , Izzatul Mauliza
Published: March 2022

In the field of education, the teacher is a very important role in teaching and learning, in order to educate humans from stupidity to become intelligent humans, and educate humans from failure to become successful and talented humans. This paper deals with the role of teachers as motivators and their influence on learning outcomes (analysis study of class 1D Santri at LPI Mudi Putri Mesjid Raya Samalanga, Bireuen Regency). The type of research method that researchers use in this study is qualitative methods. This study found that in guarding learning activities, teachers are not just directing various learning materials as has been implemented by the education curriculum section at Dayah MUDI Putri Mesjid Raya Samalanga, Bireuen Regency, but the teacher's job is to always provide motivation in learning objectives, and provide advice that can soften the hearts of students.  This study also found that the factors that influence students' learning outcomes both inside and outside the classroom, are not consistent in learning goals.
To the Problem of Integrative (Complex) Type of Understanding Law
Authors: Kozhevnikov Vladimir Valentinovich
Published: March 2022

This scientific article analyzes the positions of scientists in relation to the integrative (complex) type of legal understanding. Arguments of its opponents and supporters, advantages, as well as certain interpretations of law from the standpoint of this approach are given. The groundlessness of identifying an integrated approach with a broad understanding of law is emphasized.
Strategic actions for local tourism development in the municipality of San Juan de los Remedios, Cuba
Authors: Gutiérrez Leyva Juan Ernesto , Espinosa Cuarta Miguel Ángel , Cruz Pérez Yudemir , Velastegui López Luis Efraín
Published: March 2022

El propósito del trabajo fue determinar las acciones estratégicas necesarias para el desarrollo turístico local del municipio San Juan de los Remedios, Cuba; para lo cual se desarrollaron tres etapas de investigación: la fundamentación del marco teórico de la gestión turística en ciudades patrimoniales, la caracterización de la actividad turística en Remedios y sus potencialidades y finalmente la formulación de acciones estratégicas en correspondencia para el desarrollo turístico local desde una perspectiva integral y sostenible. De la investigación resultó que el producto turístico territorial en cuestión debe aplicar estrategias de supervivencia para afrontar las amenazas del entorno y debilidades previamente identificadas mediante consultas a especialistas y Talleres de Acción y Participación. En base a las principales variables detectadas en una lista ponderada y su influencia en el desarrollo turístico local se determinó aplicar una estrategia de diferenciación; proponiendo acciones enmarcadas a identificar las necesidades del segmento que demanda este producto y aprovechar las individualidades que hacen de la “Ciudad de Aldabas y Faroles” un tesoro histórico cultural singular dentro del Caribe.
Quantitative Evaluation of Mucosal Mast Cells in the Colon in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Wadud Md Abdul , Rahman Mohammad Mosiur , Ul Azim Muhammed Arshad , Al Mamun Sheikh Abdullah , Islam Md Shafiqul , Siddique Ashfaque Ahmed , Islam Md Rofiqul
Published: March 2022

Background: Recent studies have shown that mast cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome as they release variable mediators which alter enteric nerve and smooth muscle function. The aim of this study was to determine whether mucosal mast cells were increased in the colonic mucosa of IBS patients compared to controls.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, during the period from April 2016 to March 2017 on cases of IBS and comparison group. We recruited 25 IBS patients and 25 healthy controls for this study. Colonoscopic biopsy was taken from the caecum, ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum. Tissue was stained with Giemsa, and then quantitative evaluation of mast cells was performed. Mast cells counts were compared between the two groups of patients.
Results: Mast cells were significantly higher in the caecum, ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum in all subtypes of IBS patients compared to control (10.40±2.10, 6.76±1.83, 8.08±2.19, and 9.16±2.46 vs. 4.20±1.01, 3.32±0.69, 3.04±0.84, and 3.84±1.07 per HPF, respectively). Among four sites, mast cells were significantly higher in the caecum in IBS patients. Mucosal mast cells were relatively elevated in IBS-D patients compared to IBS-C and IBS-M patients, but this was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Mast cells were significantly increased in the caecum, ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum of the patients with IBS compared to controls. These findings suggest that mast cells may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IBS.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 09-14
Evaluation of Efficacy of Oral Prednisolone in the Treatment of Acute Bronchiolitis in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Rajshahi
Authors: Karim Md Rezaul , Islam Md Manirul , Ahmmad Be Nazir , Sharmin Laila Shamima , Ali Md Yousuf , Uddin Md Belal , Haque Mia Md Sanaul
Published: March 2022

Bronchiolitis is a viral infection of lower respiratory tract that occurs most commonly in young children (< 2years). It is one of the most common cause of hospitalization of infants. It has a major public health hazard throughout the world exerting significant morbidity and mortality.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was conducted in the Department of pediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Total 120 patients with acute bronchiolitis were selected who were less than two years of age. Two groups were randomly selected by lottery method. One group was given salbutamol along with prednisolone (Experimental group) another was only salbutamol (Placebo group) to compare the efficacy and evaluate the outcome of both treatment groups.
Result: The mean age of the experimental group was7.09±4.71 months and mean age of placebo group was 5.70±4.26 months. The majority number of patients 96(80%) came from middle class family with 30(25%) houses with crowded conditions. About 16(13.3%) patients were born in preterm condition and 18(15%) were low birth weight. Among the family members 21(17.5%) had asthma and 43(35.18%) had smoking history. After treatment notable outcome clinically observed after 3 days of treatment in experimental than placebo group (p-value <0.05). Oral prednisolone reduces 1-2 days of hospital stay (p- value <0.001) compared to placebo group. The use of prednisolone reduces the severity of disease more rapidly in association with placebo group (p - value <0.001).
Conclusions: Bronchiolitis is one of the most common disease in the young children and is the frequent reason for hospitalization. Prednisolone is useful in the reducing hospital stay and improving respiratory symptoms.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 95-101