bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography improves preoperative assessment of proliferative hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Guixue , Ma Di , Wang Huafeng , Zhou Jiahao , Shen Zhehan , Yang Yuchen , Chen Yongjun , Sack Ingolf , Guo Jing , Li Ruokun , Yan Fuhua
Published: May 2023

Background

To investigate the viscoelastic signatures of proliferative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance elastography (MRE).

Methods

This prospective study included 121 patients with 124 HCCs as training cohort, and validation cohort included 33 HCCs. They all underwent preoperative conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tomoelastography based on 3D multifrequency MRE. Viscoelastic parameters of the tumor and liver were quantified as shear wave speed (c, m/s) and loss angle (φ, rad), representing stiffness and fluidity, respectively. Five MRI features were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine predictors of proliferative HCC to construct corresponding nomograms.

Results

In training cohort, model 1 (Combining cirrhosis, hepatitis virus, rim APHE, peritumoral enhancement, and tumor margin) yielded an area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of 0.72, 58.73%,78.69%, 67.74%, respectively. When adding MRE properties (tumor c and tumor φ), established model 2, the AUC increased to 0.81 (95% CI 0.72–0.87), with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of 71.43%, 81.97%, 75%, respectively. The C-index of nomogram of model 2 was 0.81, showing good performance for proliferative HCC. Therefore, integrating tumor c and tumor φ can significantly improve the performance of preoperative diagnosis of proliferative HCC (AUC increased from 0.72 to 0.81, p = 0.012). The same finding was observed in the validation cohort, with AUC increasing from 0.62 to 0.77 (p = 0.021).

Conclusions

Proliferative HCC exhibits low stiffness and high fluidity. Adding MRE properties (tumor c and tumor φ) can improve performance of conventional MRI for preoperative diagnosis of proliferative HCC.

Critical relevance statement

We investigated the viscoelastic signatures of proliferative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and find that adding MRE properties (tumor c and tumor φ) can improve performance of conventional MRI for preoperative diagnosis of proliferative HCC.

Graphical Abstract
Environmental evidence in action: on the science and practice of evidence synthesis and evidence-based decision-making
Authors: Cooke Steven J. , Cook Carly N. , Nguyen Vivian M. , Walsh Jessica C. , Young Nathan , Cvitanovic Christopher , Grainger Matthew J. , Randall Nicola P. , Muir Matt , Kadykalo Andrew N. , Monk Kathryn A. , Pullin Andrew S.
Published: May 2023

In civil society we expect that policy and management decisions will be made using the best available evidence. Yet, it is widely known that there are many barriers that limit the extent to which that occurs. One way to overcome these barriers is via robust, comprehensive, transparent and repeatable evidence syntheses (such as systematic reviews) that attempt to minimize various forms of bias to present a summary of existing knowledge for decision-making purposes. Relative to other disciplines (e.g., health care, education), such evidence-based decision-making remains relatively nascent for environment management despite major threats to humanity, such as the climate, pollution and biodiversity crises demonstrating that human well-being is inextricably linked to the biophysical environment. Fortunately, there are a growing number of environmental evidence syntheses being produced that can be used by decision makers. It is therefore an opportune time to reflect on the science and practice of evidence-based decision-making in environment management to understand the extent to which evidence syntheses are embraced and applied in practice. Here we outline a number of key questions related to the use of environmental evidence that need to be explored in an effort to enhance evidence-based decision-making. There is an urgent need for research involving methods from social science, behavioural sciences, and public policy to understand the basis for patterns and trends in environmental evidence use (or misuse or ignorance). There is also a need for those who commission and produce evidence syntheses, as well as the end users of these syntheses to reflect on their experiences and share them with the broader evidence-based practice community to identify needs and opportunities for advancing the entire process of evidence-based practice. It is our hope that the ideas shared here will serve as a roadmap for additional scholarship that will collectively enhance evidence-based decision-making and ultimately benefit the environment and humanity.
Fat talk, old talk, or both? Association of negative body talk with mental health, body dissatisfaction, and quality of life in men and women
Authors: Hooper Savannah C. , Kilpela Lisa Smith , Ogubuike Victory , Becker Carolyn Black
Published: May 2023

Background

Little research has investigated the harmful effects of old talk—negative age-related body talk—on mental health and quality of life despite substantial research examining fat talk. Old talk also has only been evaluated in women and in relation to few outcomes. Of note, old talk and fat talk are strongly correlated, suggesting possible overlap in elements that drive negative outcomes. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the extent that old talk and fat talk contribute to negative mental health and quality of life outcomes when examined in the same model and when interacting with age.

Methods

Adults (N = 773) ages 18–91 completed an online survey assessing eating disorder pathology, body dissatisfaction, depression, aging anxiety, general anxiety, quality of life, and demographics.

Results

While fat talk and old talk were correlated with almost all outcome variables, fat talk was more commonly significantly associated with poorer outcomes than old talk. Additionally, the relationship between fat talk and old talk with poorer mental health was affected by age in men, but not women.

Conclusions

Future research is warranted to decipher the individual effects of old talk and fat talk on mental health and quality of life across the adult lifespan.
Estimation of phase velocity using array observation of microtremors with arbitrary shape
Authors: Kimura Harusato , Morikawa Hitoshi , Tomobe Haruka , Iiyama Kahori
Published: May 2023

To estimate the phase velocity using the array observations of microtremors, some algorithms for the estimation include constraints on the array shape, such as equilateral triangles or the placement of receivers on a circle, in order to reduce the estimation error of the phase velocity. In the present study, a direct estimation technique is introduced for the phase velocity using records obtained through an array with an arbitrary shape based on a complex coherency function (CCF), where CCF is defined as the normalized cross spectrum of the microtremor records observed simultaneously by two receivers. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, one of metaheuristic optimization methods, is applied and optimal values are provided for the phase velocity and other unknown parameters. Approximate representations of the stochastic properties for the unknown variables are analytically derived based on the discrete representation of the CCF, for a case where the arrival directions of microtremors are treated as random variables following a uniform distribution. Furthermore, the validity of the proposed method is confirmed using numerical simulations and actual observation records.

Graphical Abstract
A case of lymphoma mimicking infected internal iliac artery aneurysm
Authors: Ichikawa Yohei , Kikuchi Shinsuke , Moriyama Hiroya , Tatsukawa Takamitsu , Ohira Seima , Kamikokura Yuki , Yoshida Yuri , Hatayama Mayumi , Yuzawa Sayaka , Wada Naoki , Uchida Daiki , Koya Atsuhiro , Azuma Nobuyoshi
Published: May 2023

Background

Malignant lymphoma rarely mimics an infected arterial aneurysm and a ruptured arterial aneurysm because of similar imaging findings, leading to misdiagnosis. The hematomas of ruptured aneurysms are radiologically difficult to distinguish from those of malignant lymphoma in emergency settings. Hence, a definitive diagnosis is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgery.

Case presentation

A man in his 80s with hematuria and shock vital had right internal iliac artery aneurysm (IIAA) and perianeurysmal fluid retention, which appeared to be a ruptured or an infected aneurysm. Treatment was initiated for infected IIAA instead of for ruptured IIAA. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome developed, and the infectious sources were assessed. Pacemaker lead and urinary tract infections were identified and treated; however, blood pressure was unstable. The aneurysm was treated with endovascular aortic aneurysm repair following antibiotic therapy; however, fluid retention increased, and inflammatory status and hematuria deteriorated. Open surgical conversion was performed to manage the infected lesions. Although an iliopsoas abscess was detected during surgery and nephrectomy and ureterectomy were performed to control the hematuria, analysis of the removed tissues led to the pathological diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Conclusions

We encountered a case of DLBCL with imaging findings mimicking an infected internal iliac artery aneurysm, and definitive diagnosis was made more than 2 months after the initial examination. Definitively diagnosing malignant lymphoma around an iliac artery aneurysm based merely on symptoms and imaging findings is extremely difficult. Thus, histological examination should be actively performed in atypical infected aneurysms.
Impostor phenomenon in registered dietitians: an exploratory survey
Authors: Hernandez Jennifer L. , Lopez Nanette V.
Published: May 2023

Background

Impostor phenomenon, also referred to as imposter syndrome or impostorism, was initially identified among high achieving women who felt undeserving of their successes because they felt they were earned through luck or chance, rather than skill or experience. It’s prevalence has been identified in many health professions; however, there are no known studies of Registered Dietitians’ (RDs) perceptions of impostor phenomenon. This study assesses the following among RDs: [1] prevalence of impostor phenomenon and differences in impostor phenomenon levels, if any, based on [2] highest educational level achieved and [3] years of experience as an RD.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was sent electronically to 5,000 RDs credentialed by the Commission on Dietetic Registration in the United States. Respondents’ agreement with 20 impostor phenomenon statements from the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale were measured. The sum score from the scale was used to classify levels of impostor phenomenon. Descriptive statistics and chi square analyses for comparison were evaluated.

Results

Of the 445 (9%) who began the survey, 266 (5%) completed it and were included in analyses. Over 76% of 266 individuals reported at least moderate impostorism (score of 40 or fewer points out of 100). No difference was seen based on educational level (p = .898); however, those with less than five years’ experience reported higher impostor phenomenon (p < .05). Among those with five to 39 years’ experience, over 40% reported moderate impostorism.

Conclusion

Impostor phenomenon is prevalent among RDs. Moderate impostorism was pervasive among all those with less than 40 years’ experience and could potentially negatively impact these respondents. Future research could explore ways to reduce impostor phenomenon in RDs.
Quantitative assessment of radiotherapy-induced myocardial damage using MRI: a systematic review
Authors: Omidi Alireza , Weiss Elisabeth , Trankle Cory R. , Rosu-Bubulac Mihaela , Wilson John S.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To determine the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based metrics to quantify myocardial toxicity following radiotherapy (RT) in human subjects through review of current literature.

Methods

Twenty-one MRI studies published between 2011-2022 were identified from available databases. Patients received chest irradiation with/without other treatments for various malignancies including breast, lung, esophageal cancer, Hodgkin’s, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In 11 longitudinal studies, the sample size, mean heart dose, and follow-up times ranged from 10-81 patients, 2.0-13.9 Gy, and 0-24 months after RT (in addition to a pre-RT assessment), respectively. In 10 cross-sectional studies, the sample size, mean heart dose, and follow-up times ranged from 5-80 patients, 2.1-22.9 Gy, and 2-24 years from RT completion, respectively. Global metrics of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and mass/dimensions of cardiac chambers were recorded, along with global/regional values of T1/T2 signal, extracellular volume (ECV), late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and circumferential/radial/longitudinal strain.

Results

LVEF tended to decline at >20 years follow-up and in patients treated with older RT techniques. Changes in global strain were observed after shorter follow-up (13±2 months) for concurrent chemoradiotherapy. In concurrent treatments with longer follow-up (8.3 years), increases in left ventricle (LV) mass index were correlated with LV mean dose. In pediatric patients, increases in LV diastolic volume were correlated with heart/LV dose at 2 years post-RT.

Regional changes were observed earlier post-RT. Dose-dependent responses were reported for several parameters, including: increased T1 signal in high-dose regions, a 0.136% increase of ECV per Gy, progressive increase of LGE with increasing dose at regions receiving >30 Gy, and correlation between increases in LV scarring volume and LV mean/V10/V25 Gy dose.

Conclusion

Global metrics only detected changes over longer follow-up, in older RT techniques, in concurrent treatments, and in pediatric patients. In contrast, regional measurements detected myocardial damage at shorter follow-up and in RT treatments without concurrent treatment and had greater potential for dose-dependent response. The early detection of regional changes suggests the importance of regional quantification of RT-induced myocardial toxicity at early stages, before damage becomes irreversible. Further works with homogeneous cohorts are required to examine this matter.
Ultrasound-guided intra-sacroiliac joint injection — methylprednisolone versus triamcinolone: a randomized comparative study
Authors: Ghaly Ehab Khaled Elsayed , Attia Amer Abdallah , Zagloul Amgad Abd El.Majeed , Ghaffar Nevert Adel Abdel
Published: May 2023

Background

The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) has been considered as a pain generator in about 10% to 25% of patients with leg or low back pain. The current study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided intra-articular SIJ injection of methylprednisolone versus triamcinolone acetonide according to postinjection pain relief, the random blood glucose (RBG) level in diabetic patients, quality of life (QoL), patient’s satisfaction, and the analgesic requirement.

Results

NRS was better at rest and at motion in MTP groups 3 (2–3) and 4 (3–5) compared to TMC groups 4 (3–5) and 5 (3–6) at 2 weeks after injection with statistically significant difference P equal 0.025 and 0.036, respectively, while there was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups at 1, 2, and 3 months after injection. The RBG level was higher in the MTP group in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days after injection 206 (168–308), 245 (200–385), and 215 (179–343) compared to the TMC group 170 (136–271), 168 (119–233), and 166 (110–253) with statistically significant difference P equal 0.066, 0.045, and 0.049, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the RBG level at baseline, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th days after injection between the two studied groups. Moreover, there was a statistically significant elevation in the RBG level within the MTP group in the first 3 days compared to the baseline (P ˂ 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference according to QoL, patient’s satisfaction, and the analgesic requirement between both groups.

Conclusions

SIJ injection with methylprednisolone or triamcinolone acetonide showed an improvement in pain score, while the MTP group was better in NRS at 2 weeks. Also, the RBG level in diabetic patients was higher in the MTP group in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days after injection. There was upgrading in QoL, similarity in patient’s satisfaction, and reducing the use of analgesia with no statistically significant difference between the studied groups.
A clinical case of successful palliative endovascular treatment of a patient with a single ventricle, mitral valve atresia, an intact atrial septum and persistent cardinal vein
Authors: Artem Gorbatykh , Denis Manannikov , Alina Ivanilova , Igor’ Averkin , Dmitriy Zubarev , Aleksei Prokhorikhin , Ilya Soynov , Evgeniy Grekhov , Mikhail Chernyavskiy
Published: May 2023

Background

Treatment of newborns with univentricular hemodynamics in combination with an anomaly of pulmonary venous return has the worst correction results in modern cardiac surgical papers. According to the data obtained by different authors, postoperative mortality in this cohort of patients varies from 41.7 to 53%. The presence of the venous outflow tract obstruction, as well as the serious condition of a newborn, is one of the main factors that increase the risk of death in the postoperative period.

Case presentation

This article reveals a clinical case of a patient with a combined heart disease prenatally diagnosed in the form of a functionally single ventricle with a double outlet of the main vessels from it, mitral valve atresia, an intact atrial septum and an anomaly of venous return, when the blood outflow from the left atrium was carried out through a single fetal communication such as stenotic cardinal vein. In order to stabilize the patient's condition, the newborn urgently underwent stenting of the stenotic section of the cardinal vein. However, due to the lack of positive dynamics in the postoperative period, the child underwent repeated endovascular intervention and stenting of the intraoperatively created interatrial communication was performed. Taking into account the absence of obstruction of the outflow tract to the pulmonary artery, it was necessary to perform an open surgical intervention in a short time such as pulmonary artery banding.

Conclusions

Thus, palliative endovascular intervention in critically ill neonates with univentricular hemodynamics and anomalous pulmonary venous return can be considered as a method of choice that can become a new safer strategy for managing infants in order to stabilize the condition before the main stage of surgical intervention comes.
Sudden cardiac death in the adolescent population: a narrative review
Authors: Patel Meet A. , Malhotra Anisha , Mpondo Franck H. Moussinga , Gupta Vasu , Jain Rahul , Gupta Sachin , Jain Rohit
Published: May 2023

Background

Death from unexpected circulatory arrest within 60 min of onset of symptom is known as sudden cardiac death (SCD). In spite of the advancement in treatment and prevention strategies, SCD remains the most common cause of death worldwide especially in the young.

Main body

This review focuses on highlighting how different cardiovascular diseases contribute to SCD. We discuss the clinical symptoms that the patient experience prior to sudden cardiac arrest and the treatment strategies including pharmacological and surgical treatment.

Conclusions

We conclude that since there are many causes of SCD and very few treatment options, prevention strategies, early detection, and resuscitation of those at greatest risk is important.
How to Make Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine a Part of Everyday Oncology Practice
Authors: Bao Ting , Greenlee Heather , Lopez Ana Maria , Kadro Zachary O. , Lopez Gabriel , Carlson Linda E.
Published: May 2023

Integrativety oncology (IO) is a “patient-centered, evidence-informed field of comprehensive cancer care that utilizes mind-body practices, natural products, and lifestyle modifications from different traditions alongside conventional cancer treatments.” There is an urgent need to educate oncology health care providers on the fundamentals of evidence-based IO to meet the needs of people with cancer. In this chapter, we aim to provide oncology professionals with actionable guidance on the basis of the Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO)-American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines on integrative medicine use during oncology visits to help alleviate symptoms and side effects in people with cancer during and after treatment.
Clinical use of Molecular Data in Thyroid Nodules and Cancer
Authors: Alzahrani Ali S
Published: May 2023

Over the past 3 decades, advances in the molecular genetics of thyroid cancer (TC) have been translated into diagnostic tests, prognostic markers, and therapeutic agents. The main drivers in differentiated TC pathogenesis are single-point mutations and gene fusions in components of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathways. Other important genetic alterations in the more advanced types of TC include TERT promoter, TP53, EIF1AX, and epigenetic alterations. Using this knowledge, several molecular tests have been developed for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Currently, 3 commercially available tests are in use including a DNA/RNA-based test (ThyroSeq v.3), an RNA-based test (Afirma Gene Sequencing Classifier), and a hybrid DNA/miRNA test, ThyGeNEXT/ThyraMIR. These tests are mostly used to rule out malignancy in Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules because they all have high sensitivities and negative predictive values. Their common use, predominantly in the United States, has resulted in a significant reduction in unnecessary thyroid surgeries for benign nodules. Some of these tests also provide information on the underlying molecular drivers of TC; this may support decision making in initial TC management planning, although this practice has not yet been widely adopted. More importantly, molecular testing is essential in patients with advanced disease before using specific mono-kinase inhibitors (eg, selpercatinib for RET-altered TC) because these drugs are ineffective in the absence of a specific molecular target. This mini-review discusses the utilization of molecular data in the clinical management of patients with thyroid nodules and TC in these different clinical situations.
Vestigial-dependent induction contributes to robust patterning but is not essential for wing-fate recruitment in Drosophila
Authors: Flores-Flores Marycruz , Muñoz-Nava Luis Manuel , Rodríguez-Muñoz Rafael , Zartman Jeremiah , Nahmad Marcos
Published: May 2023

Cell recruitment is a process by which a differentiated cell induces neighboring cells to adopt its same cell fate. In Drosophila, cells expressing the protein encoded by the wing selector gene, vestigial (vg), drive a feed-forward recruitment signal that expands the Vg pattern as a wave front. However, previous studies on Vg pattern formation do not reveal these dynamics. Here, we use live imaging to show that multiple cells at the periphery of the wing disc simultaneously activate a fluorescent reporter of the recruitment signal, suggesting that cells may be recruited without the need for their contact neighbors be recruited in advance. In support of this observation, when Vg expression is inhibited either at the dorsal–ventral boundary or away from it, the activation of the recruitment signal still occurs at a distance, suggesting that Vg expression is not absolutely required to send or propagate the recruitment signal. However, the strength and extent of the recruitment signal is clearly compromised. We conclude that a feed-forward, contact-dependent cell recruitment process is not essential for Vg patterning, but it is necessary for robustness. Overall, our findings reveal a previously unidentified role of cell recruitment as a robustness-conferring cell differentiation mechanism.
Photocatalytic Dehydrogenation of N-Heterocycles Promoted by Radicals from Graphene Oxide
Authors: Ahmed Md Razu , Nishina Yuta
Published: May 2023

Visible light-induced photocatalytic dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles was achieved by graphene oxide (GO). Unlike previously reported thermally induced GO-promoted reactions, this system generates radicals and molecular hydrogen, which are confirmed by electron spin resonance and gas chromatography. A metal-free, oxidant-free, and recyclable photocatalytic reaction were achieved by a carbon-based system for the first time.
High bycatch rate of the coral Cladocora caespitosa offsets the low discards ratio in Thermaikos Gulf gillnet fishery
Authors: GANIAS KONSTANTINOS , ZAFEIRIADOU AIKATERINI , GARAGOUNI MARIA , ANTONIADOU CHRYSSANTHI
Published: May 2023

While hanging nets may have fewer overall environmental impacts than towed gears, they still catch unwanted species and sizes, which are then discarded. Gillnets are one of the most common types of nets used in Mediterranean small-scale fisheries, with commercial catches and discards containing a diverse range of fish and invertebrate species. In this study, the catch profile of gillnets in the Thermaikos Gulf (NE Mediterranean) was analyzed with a focus on the discarding of species with unfavorable conservation status, such as the Mediterranean-endemic scleractinian coral Cladocora caespitosa, which is listed as endangered due to declining population sizes. Our survey was conducted over two seasons (May to October in 2020 and 2021) and included 69 fishing trials under realistic fishing conditions. In general, gillnets exhibited a relatively low discards ratio (17.2%; 7.1% when only fish were considered) and a low prevalence and capture intensity of endangered or threatened species; during the entire survey, only one chondrichthyan was captured (1 specimen of Raja radula), while only two out of 54 fish species were of vulnerable IUCN status. These advantages were offset in part by the high catchability of C. caespitosa colonies, which occurred in 61% of hauls and accounted for 53% of total invertebrate biomass and 30% of total discarded biomass. The likelihood of hauling living colonies of C. caespitosa was higher when fishing over known coral beds (81% vs. 43%), and the overall probability of hauling C. caespitosa in any state was 18% higher over coral beds, suggesting that gillnets frequently detach colonies from the seafloor, which are then dispersed over a larger area as fragments with probably low survival potential. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying C. caespitosa beds so that fishermen avoid setting their nets in these areas, provided that they are well-informed and educated about the ecological significance of this endemic, threatened, and ecologically important species.
HIV preventive behavior scale for Thai men who have sex with men (MSM): development and psychometric properties
Authors: Koomsiri Passakorn , Sakunpong Nanchatsan
Published: May 2023

Background: There are several ways to measure HIV prevention behavior. The simplest is self-assessment. In foreign countries, many scales have been developed. However, there are only a few developed scales among MSM in Thailand and they are not up to date. The objective of this study is to investigate the psychometric features of the HIV preventative behavior measure in Thai men who have sex with men (MSM).  

Methods: The sample consisted of 424 Thai MSM individuals aged 25 or older who had at least one sexual encounter using any method in the previous six months. Test the sample by dividing it in half. Analysis’s construct validity via Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analysis, reliability using Cronbach's reliability coefficient. Tests of convergent and discriminant validity based on Pearson correlation coefficients. 

Results: This metric consists of nine items, each comprised of two components: 1) denial and avoidance of the risk of obtaining HIV, and 2) self-protective actions before and during sexual activity. Both components of the CFA were in excellent agreement with the empirical data (χ2 = 36.56, p =.06, χ2/df = 1.46, GFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.94, RMR = 0.07, RMSEA = 0.05, TLI = 0.96). Cronbach's reliability coefficient is .77, and the HIV Preventive Behavior Scale was significantly linked with the AIDS risk behavior avoidance scale and the AIDS prevention scale (r = 0.21 and 0.16, p < 0.01). There was no correlation with the Thai Language Learning Attitude Scale.  

Conclusions: The psychometric qualities are satisfactory and can be used to identify individuals at risk for psychological interventions to enhance HIV preventive behavior among Thai MSM.
Making science public: a review of journalists’ use of Open Science research
Authors: Fleerackers Alice , Chtena Natascha , Pinfield Stephen , Alperin Juan Pablo , Barata Germana , Oliveira Monique , Peters Isabella
Published: May 2023

Science journalists are uniquely positioned to increase the societal impact of open science by contextualizing and communicating research findings in ways that highlight their relevance and implications for non-specialist audiences. Through engagement with and coverage of open research outputs, journalists can help align the ideals of openness, transparency, and accountability with the wider public sphere and its democratic potential. Yet, it is unclear to what degree journalists use open research outputs in their reporting, what factors motivate or constrain this use, and how the recent surge in openly available research seen during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the relationship between open science and science journalism. This literature review thus examines journalists’ use of open research outputs, specifically open access publications and preprints. We focus on literature published from 2018 onwards—particularly literature relating to the COVID-19 pandemic—but also include seminal articles outside the search dates. We find that, despite journalists’ potential to act as critical brokers of open access knowledge, their use of open research outputs is hampered by an overreliance on traditional criteria for evaluating scientific quality; concerns about the trustworthiness of open research outputs; and challenges using and verifying the findings. We also find that, while the COVID-19 pandemic encouraged journalists to explore open research outputs such as preprints, the extent to which these explorations will become established journalistic practices remains unclear. Furthermore, we note that current research is overwhelmingly authored and focused on the Global North, and the United States specifically. Finally, given the dearth of research in this area, we conclude with recommendations for future research that attend to issues of equity and diversity, and more explicitly examine the intersections of open science and science journalism.
Development of a Japanese version of the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-S): A structural topic modeling approach
Authors: Takano Ryota , Matsuo Akiko , Kawano Kazuaki
Published: May 2023

Background: Awe, a complex emotion, arises in response to perceptually and conceptually vast stimuli that transcend one’s current frames of reference, which is associated with subjective psychological phenomena, such as a sense of self and consciousness. This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Awe Experience Scale (AWE-S), a widely used questionnaire that robustly measured the state of awe, and simultaneously investigated how the multiple facets of awe related to the narrative representations of awe experiences. Methods: The Japanese AWE-S was created via back-translation and its factor structure and validity was investigated through an online survey in Japan. Results: The results revealed that the Japanese AWE-S consisted of the same six factors as the original (i.e., time, self-loss, connectedness, vastness, physiological, and accommodation) and had sufficient internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and also Japan-specific characteristics. The structured topic modeling generated seven potential topics of the descriptions of awe experiences, which were differently associated with each factor of the Japanese AWE-S. Conclusions: Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of awe and reveal the constructs of awe in Japan through cross-cultural comparisons. Furthermore, this study provides conceptual and methodological implications regarding studies on awe.
Russophobia and Ways to Neutralize It in the Media
Authors: Slyshkin Gennadiy , Malygina L. , Sorokin A. , Belasheva H.
Published: May 2023

As part of the research of modern media discourse, a round table “Russophobia and ways to neutralize it in the mass media” was held at the research laboratory “Linguistic Security and Psychology of Information Impact” of the Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation. Laboratory specialists and invited experts discussed the problem of Russophobia as part of the current media discourse in the mass media, as well as in new media (social networks, blogosphere, messengers, network video hosting channels, etc.), as well as, in general, destructive information flows aimed at destroying the cultural and social integrity of the Russian Federation (“cancel Russian culture”). The emphasis

in the discussion of the laboratory experts is on the relevance of training specialists in working with media communication tools. During the discussion, such concepts as “linguistic security”, “Russophobia” and their impact on the media culture of Russian society were analyzed. As a result of the round table, measures were proposed to enhance linguistic security, train journalists and specialists in working with mass media, prepared

to analyze destructive information flows using the entire arsenal of linguistic expertise in countering Russophobia.
Linguistic Approach to the Axiological Sphere of Language and Culture Research in the Modern Communication Studies
Authors: Minyar-Belorucheva A. , Sergienko P.
Published: May 2023

The paper examines moral and ethical values, which dominated in different periods of human history, determining the vector of its development. The change of moral and ethical values occurs due to the paradigms’ shift that forms the integrity of social systems. The study of moral and ethical values can be characterized as a matter of interdisciplinary research. The linguistic aspect of the security of the axiological sphere of language and culture is based on the identification of fundamental factors affecting the worldview and its verbalization. The purpose of this study is to identify new values and anti-values typical for the modern world. Basing on the study of linguistic texts, through the method of analysis, synthesis, as well as the method of philological analysis, the authors have been able to consider the change in language at the lexical level, which reflects the new paradigm of modern communicative studies in general and PR communication in particular. The methodological basis of the investigation is formed by the scholarly research on this topic, giving the most accurate representation of the field of research. The results of the analysis suggest that the expansion of the English language has an impact on the formation of the axiosphere of various languages of the world, replicating new values, typical of the Western world.
CONFLICT MANIFESTATIONS OF VIOLATIONS OF PRIVACY AND PUBLICITY IN EVERYDAY DISCOURSE
Authors: Dubrovchenko Elena
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of communicative distance in communication and the necessity to study the types of violation of communicative distance, as well as verbal and non-verbal means which describe them.

Aim. The aim of the article is to establish the violations of the communicative distance in everyday discourse and to conduct the analysis of these violations.

Methodology and research methods. Main research methods include the hypothetical-deductive method, the interpretive method, the contextual analysis and introspection.

Results. In the theoretical part the concepts of everyday discourse and communicative distance are considered, the components of a typical situation of privacy violation are indicated, the classifications of violations of communicative distance proposed by scientists are given. In the practical part, based on the proposed classifications and the results of the study, the author’s classification of violations of the correlation between privacy and publicity in everyday discourse is worked out. It has been established that these violations are multi-vector. Violations directed towards reducing the communicative distance are presented more widely than violations directed towards its increasing. A person who breaks the distance can play both an active role in a communicative situation and a passive one. Violations can be intentional and unintentional. As a result of the analysis, ways of expressing violations of the correlation between privacy and publicity in communication, as well as verbal and non-verbal means of indicating the revealed violations, were identified.

Scientific novelty lies in working out the author’s classification of violations of the correlation between privacy and publicity in everyday discourse.

Practical significance. The results can be used by specialists who are interested in the problems of communicative distance.
Media Image of Russia Metaphorization (Based on the English Language)
Authors: Greydina N.
Published: May 2023

The presented research article reflects the contextual content-semantic analysis of the concept of “media image of Russia” in media information field. Along with this, the method of media analysis of the text from the political and socio-cultural positions is implemented. The image of Russia is considered within the framework of media discourse through the use of metaphorization process. The designation is given to the manipulative essence

of the US mass media. The concepts of “image of the country” and “media image of the country” are differentiated in the media plane context on the material of the US mass media texts. Various forms and means of creating a negative image of Russia within the media information field are established. The conducted research makes it possible to clarify the concept of stereotypical media information. The theoretical positions of the research actualize the analysis of the cognitive format of the media image of Russia in the US media, from today’s perspective. Both headline and text media materials are subject to research. The resulting database is represented by a wide range of thematic examples taken from media analysis of original articles of political nature.
role of the gut microbiota in pathogenesis and treatment of depression
Authors: Bogusz Klaudia , Baran Natalia , Maksymowicz Marcela , Bielak Adriana , Nowak Aleksandra , Cywka Łucja , Szwed Weronika , Nowak Alicja , Machowiec Piotr
Published: May 2023

Introduction and purpose
Depression is the most common mental disorder, but the exact mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of depression remain unknown. Abundant research evidence suggests that changes in the gut microbiota play a key role in the pathophysiology of depression through the brain-gut-microbiota axis. The aim of this study was to present the current state of knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis and treatment of depression and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target for depression
A brief description of the state of knowledge
The digestive tract and the processes which are set in it as well as the inhabitting microorganisms have a significant impact on our mental health and mood. The scientific research repeatidly confirm a strict relationship between the digestive and nervous systems. A microbiome-based approach is becoming increasingly prevalent in the understanding and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, especially depression. Antidepressants which are today the first-line therapy in the treatment of this disease are based inter alia on the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory mechanism of action.
Conclusion 
Immune cells which are settled in the intestines affect not only our physical health but also the mental one. Due to the relationship between depression and the gut microbiota, we have many treatment options that involve direct modification of the composition of the microbiome which include prebiotics, probiotics (psychobiotics) and faecal microbiome transplantation.
Product Recalls and Supply Base Innovation
Authors: Zou Fan , Dong Yan , Song Sining , Rungtusanatham Manus
Published: May 2023

Problem definition: Suppliers are increasingly involved in innovation activities that contribute to a firm’s product quality and introduce risks to firms’ quality control, leading to quality failures and recalls. This quality trade-off suggests the possibility of a nonlinear relationship between supplier innovation and product recalls, which is the focus of this research. Recall literature focuses on firms’ internal drivers of recalls, whereas anecdotal evidence increasingly points to the role of external drivers, such as suppliers. We contribute to the literature by examining supplier innovation as an external driver leading to recalls via quality and risk spillovers. Methodology/results: We collect and assemble a unique panel data set of consumer product recalls from firms and their supply bases (i.e., first tier suppliers). We estimate econometric models to examine the nonlinear relationship between supply base innovation, measured by research and development (R&D) intensity of the supply bases, and the likelihood of product recalls. We find a quadratic (i.e., U-shaped) relationship between the probability of recalls and supply base R&D intensity. We also find that this nonlinear relationship is critically related to three specific sources of risk: radicalness of supplier innovation, technological distance between firms and their suppliers, and complexity of supply base. Managerial implications: Our findings suggest that firms should be mindful of the quality trade-offs in encouraging supplier innovation to reduce product recalls. Further, to minimize recall risks, firms should better evaluate and manage the risks associated with external supplier knowledge that is novel and different and closely work with global suppliers to reduce coordination challenges in knowledge transfer and integration.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1213 .
Treating Lgbt+ Patients in Gi Care
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: May 2023

Penny Harrison presents recent research on how GI nurses can better meet the needs of LGBT+ patients
Future Energy Supply Possibilities and their Implications on Nepal’s Energy Security
Authors: Gautam Kiran , Nakarmi Amrit Man , Shakya Shree Raj
Published: May 2023

Nepal is 100% dependent on imported petroleum products as it has no as yet viable proven reserve. The import of petroleum is increasing at an alarming rate (15.2% annually) which is creating not only a burden on the national economy but also raising the issue of energy supply security and environmental degradation. In this study, eleven distinct significant indicators have been used to evaluate the energy security status of the country. Since there is no such detailed quantification of indicators carried out in previous research, this study can be a significant input to policymakers and planners. It also explores the policy intervention measures to improve energy security status in the context of a developing country that is increasingly dependent on imported commercial fuels. Five different scenarios have been developed considering 2017 as a base year and 2040 as an end year with different economic growth rates 4.5%, 7.2% and 9.2% as main driving parameter. Two additional policy intervention scenarios (Policy-I and Policy-II), prioritizing electrification to enhance energy security, have been analyzed. The energy demands have been projected using the Model for Analysis of Energy Demand (MAED), while the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) tool has been used to analyze the supply, the energy supply requirement, fuel import dependence, cost, as well as the size of power plant requirement under different scenarios. The results manifest that there would be a reduction in Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) requirement by 1.14% and 8.7% under policy-I and Policy-II scenarios respectively in the year 2040, compared to the reference scenario (7.2%) resulting in improved energy security, economic vulnerability, and GHG mitigation. It indicates that the use of indigenous renewable energy resources mainly hydro is indispensable for ensuring the energy security of Nepal.
On the twilight phenomenon of the green band: publisher’s note
Authors: Lange Anna , Rozanov Alexei , von Savigny Christian
Published: May 2023

This publisher’s note reports corrections in Appl. Opt. 62, 162 (2023).APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.476520
Photonic-Lantern-Based MDM Devices
Authors: Grüner-Nielsen Lars , Mathew Neethu Mariam , Galili Michael , Rishøj Lars Søgaard , Rottwitt Karsten
Published: May 2023

Results for air clad photonic lanterns are presented including new results for a 6-mode photonic lantern. Results for cross talk dynamics in a 1.6 km link versus both time and wavelengths are presented.
FPGA Implementation of Multi-Layer Machine Learning Equalizer with On-Chip Training
Authors: Liu Keren , Börjeson Erik , Häger Christian , Larsson-Edefors Per
Published: May 2023

We design and implement an adaptive machine learning equalizer that alternates multiple linear and nonlinear computational layers on an FPGA. On-chip training via gradient backpropagation is shown to allow for real-time adaptation to time-varying channel impairments.
Area-Efficient Neural Network CD Equalizer for 4×200Gb/s PAM4 CWDM4 Systems
Authors: Liu Bo , Bluemm Christian , Calabrò Stefano , Li Bing , Schlichtmann Ulf
Published: May 2023

We use a neural network trained jointly by multi-task learning on datasets acquired at multiple wavelengths to mitigate the impact of chromatic dispersion in 4×200Gb/s CWDM4 PAM4 transmission. By sharing a single set of weights among all involved wavelengths, while keeping the biases reconfigurable, we enable logic simplification of multipliers in the VLSI implementation of the neural network. Results show that the neural network equalizer achieves a similar BER compared with a Volterra equalizer with 71% reduction in hardware area.
Demonstration of Reference Frame Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Integrated Optical Circuits
Authors: Lim Kyongchun , Choi Byung-Seok , Choe Joong-Seon , Baek Ju Hee , Kim Minchul , Kim Kap-Joong , Youn Chun Ju
Published: May 2023

Free-space quantum key distribution usually requires limited space and weight. We implement reference frame independent quantum key distribution protocol with chip-scale integrated optical circuits such as laser diode, variable optical attenuator, and polarization beam combiner.
Power dissipation bounds for photonic analog to digital converters
Authors: Deakin Callum , Liu Zhixin
Published: May 2023

We present the first power dissipation bounds for a generalised class of photonic analog to digital converters, and estimate their achievable power efficiency compared to conventional electronic designs.
Long-Haul Unidirectional Transmission over Weakly-Coupled MCF with Distance-Insensitive Inter-Core Skew Spread
Authors: Shibahara Kohki , Hoshi Megumi , Matsui Takashi , Mori Takayoshi , Nakajima Kazuhide , Miyamoto Yutaka
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate unidirectional 3000-km transmission over homogeneous step-index weakly-coupled multi-core fiber. Distance-insensitive pulse broadening is obtained by inline core-permutation without any fan-in/fan-out device, enabling inter-core-crosstalk cancellation at 3000 km only with 3-ns-processing window in MIMO-DSP.