bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Capsular Polysaccharide amount on Pneumococcal-Host interactions
Authors: Zhu Jiaqi , Abruzzo Annie R. , Wu Cindy , Bee Gavyn Chern Wei , Pironti Alejandro , Putzel Gregory , Aggarwal Surya D. , Eichner Hannes , Weiser Jeffrey N.
Published: August 2023

Among the many oral streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) stands out for the capacity of encapsulated strains to cause invasive infection. Spread beyond upper airways, however, is a biological dead end for the organism, raising the question of the benefits of expending energy to coat its surface in a thick layer of capsular polysaccharide (CPS). In this study, we compare mutants of two serotypes expressing different amounts of CPS and test these in murine models of colonization, invasion infection and transmission. Our analysis of the effect of CPS amount shows that Spn expresses a capsule of sufficient thickness to shield its surface from the deposition of complement and binding of antibody to underlying epitopes. While effective shielding is permissive for invasive infection, its primary contribution to the organism appears to be in the dynamics of colonization. A thicker capsule increases bacterial retention in the nasopharynx, the first event in colonization, and also impedes IL-17-dependent clearance during late colonization. Enhanced colonization is associated with increased opportunity for host-to-host transmission. Additionally, we document substantial differences in CPS amount among clinical isolates of three common serotypes. Together, our findings show that CPS amount is highly variable among Spn and could be an independent determinant affecting host interactions.
Ichnofossils Characteristics in Pelagic Siliciclastic Carbonate Turbidites of Weda Formation, Halmahera Island
Authors: Widiatama Angga Jati , Santy Lauti Dwita , Kusworo Aries
Published: August 2023

The Weda Formation in Lili River, Dorosagu, East Halmahera consists of siliciclastic and pelagic carbonates deposited in a submarine fan environment. Research on the Weda Formation in the northern part of Halmahera Island is relatively minimal because most of the research about this formation has been carried out in the southern part of Halmahera Island. The lack of road access and its remote location have resulted in the lack of intensive research on this formation. This study aims to determine the relationship between the intensity and diversity of trace fossils in the submarine fan facies association of the Weda Formation. Sedimentological studies include sedimentary texture, sedimentary structure, turbidite material type, and layer thickness. While the study of trace fossils includes the identification of trace fossil types, classification of behavior, intensity, and diversity in sedimentary layers, and the factors that influence them during deposition. There are eight types of ichnofossil observed in the Lili River, Ophiomorpha, Thalassinoides, Rhizocorallium, Palaeophycus, Zoophycos, Chondrites, Lorenzinia, and Spirorhaphe, which are found in three facies associations (AF): submarine fan channel facies association (AF1), submarine fan lobe facies association (AF2), and submarine fan distal facies association (FA3). The submarine fan channel facies is characterized by the presence of Ophiomorpha and Thalassinoides which present in low intensity and low diversity due to unstable environmental conditions-high stress due to intensive turbidite currents. The submarine fan lobe facies shows a higher density and diversity where ichnofossil is classified into two based on the substrate in the flysch deposits. Rhizocorallium, Thalassinoides, and Palaeophycus ichnofossil were formed in the sand substrate, while Zoophycos and Chondrites ichnofossil were formed in the shale substrate. Palaeophycus, Zoophycos, Chondrites, Lorenzinia, and Spirorhaphe ichnofossil were found in the submarine fan distal facies associated with high intensity indicating low energy levels and low sedimentation rates.
PREDICTORS OF ADHERENCE TO PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYAXIS AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Bello Adenike Iyanuoluwa Olugbenga , Jegede Oluwatosin Samson , Anegbe Norbertta Ekpen , Olayinka Goodman
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an element of biomedical interventions of HIV prevention. The level of protection is strongly correlated to PrEP drug adherence. In Nigeria, the prevalence of HIV among female sex workers (FSW) is 15.5%. The 2020 integrated biological and behavioral surveillance survey did not report on PrEP adherence among FSW. This study therefore assessed the level of adherence to PrEP and its predictors among FSW in South-Western Nigeria.
Methodology: The study was cross sectional analytical in design and was conducted in 2021. Study population were brothel-based FSW at Gambari Ogbomoso and Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 156 FSW participated in the study. Data was collected using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 21.
Results: One hundred and forty-nine properly completed questionnaires were analyzed. Ninety-nine respondents (66.4%) have been working for more than 5years as a FSW and 65(43.6%) had initiation of sex work before 18 years of age. Respondents’ sexual behavior showed that 55 (36.9%) of total respondents had consistent use of condom. One hundred and thirty-four respondents (89.9%) had good knowledge of PrEP, 97 (65.1%) had good attitude towards PrEP while 111 (74.5%) had good perception of risk of HIV infection. One hundred and thirty-two (88.6%) reported to be taking PrEP and 119 (79.9%) had good adherence to PrEP. Predictors of adherence to PrEP were educational status, age of commencement of sex work and monthly income. It was found that educated sex workers were 2.67 times more likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.280-5.591, p=0.019). Those who commenced sex work after clocking 18 years of age were 75% times less likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=0.251, 95% CI=0.106-0.597, p=0.001) while those with average monthly income more than #10,000 were 1.65 times more likely to adhere to PrEP (OR=1.65, 95% CI=0.674-4.042, p=0.0275.
Discussion and Recommendation: The level of adherence to PrEP is considerably high and underscores a positive effect of the efforts of the Government of Nigeria in controlling HIV as a threat by 2030. Further studies would be useful to understand the behavioral factors associated with low adherence to PrEP among FSW who have spent more than 5 years in sex work.
Tratamento do sorriso gengival com retração e intrusão dentoalveolar anterior superior utilizando miniparafusos intra-alveolares na região anterior e extra-alveolares na IZC, associados a cirurgia periodontal e facetas de resina: Parte 2
Authors: Villela Henrique Mascarenhas , Drago Paula , Muniz Leonardo
Published: August 2023

Introdução: O sorriso gengival é caracterizado pela exposição exagerada da gengiva durante o sorriso, e compromete de forma negativa sua estética. Para efetuar uma abordagem terapêutica mais precisa, muitos aspectos devem ser avaliados de forma cuidadosa, desde o grau de insatisfação dos pacientes, idade, sexo e tipo facial, até os fatores etiológicos. Vários fatores podem estar associados para promover o sorriso gengival, desde o mais grave, como o excesso vertical esquelético maxilar, até o mais simples, como o aumento gengival. Assim, é importante identificar e quantificar todos os fatores etiológicos envolvidos. Objetivo: O presente artigo apresenta o tratamento transdisciplinar de um caso clínico de sorriso gengival, no qual foi efetuado o tratamento ortodôntico, para corrigir a protrusão dentoalveolar maxilar associada à extrusão dos dentes anterossuperiores. Posteriormente, foram realizadas uma cirurgia periodontal e restaurações com facetas diretas de resina composta. Resultados: Ao fim do tratamento, o sorriso gengival foi corrigido com o aumento da exposição das coroas clínicas, obtendo-se uma excelente estética.
Correção ortodôntica do sorriso gengival e posicionamento de incisivos superiores: sinergia ou desafio
Authors: Seixas Máyra Reis , Câmara Carlos Alexandre
Published: August 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: Alguns pacientes portadores de sorriso gengival (SG) podem ser tratados, exclusivamente, pela Ortodontia. Os casos que apresentam como fatores etiológicos a extrusão e lingualização, ou a protrusão dos incisivos superiores exigem que a correção do excesso de exposição gengival seja realizada por meio de movimentação dentoalveolar. OBJETIVO: Esse artigo irá analisar a relação existente entre o SG e o posicionamento dos incisivos superiores, identificando se a movimentação dentária necessária para a correção do problema representa uma situação de sinergia ou de desafio biomecânico.
Impacção da maxila com mini-implantes
Authors: Janson Marcos
Published: August 2023

Introdução: O excesso vertical da maxila costuma expressar na face algumas características indesejáveis e perceptíveis aos pacientes, tais como o sorriso gengival e a ausência de selamento labial passivo, entre outras. Em um passado não muito distante, a única forma de lidar com esse problema era a cirurgia ortognática, por meio da impacção da maxila; no entanto, com a popularização da ancoragem esquelética, em meados dos anos 2000, muitas possibilidades de tratamento se apresentaram aos ortodontistas, e a impacção do processo dentoalveolar da maxila foi uma delas, tendo efeitos semelhantes à impacção cirúrgica — porém, com mais limitações. Ou seja, em casos excessivos, a cirurgia será sempre mais indicada. Objetivo: A presente coluna apresenta um caso tratado com essa técnica e faz algumas considerações clínicas a respeito.
Biokapazitive Resilienz – Leitbild und Strategie zum Aufbau einer schützenden Raumökologie. Steuerungschancen für die Raumordnungspraxis im Kontext einer klimaresilienten Entwicklung?
Authors: Hüppauff Jakob
Published: August 2023

Merely safeguarding ecologically spatial functions is not (or no longer) sufficient to maintain their ability to function in the course of climate change and under increasing pressure of use. Rather, a fundamental change of perspective also in spatial planning practice is required to build up a resilience-proof spatial ecology, especially due to the tension between biomass production, carbon storage and biodiversity protection. In this context, biocapacity resilience is put forward for discussion as an impetus for a guiding vision of spatial development. Possible opportunities for the actors of spatial planning are elaborated to better fulfil their regional steering mandate in the sense of precautionary planning under the lens of global challenges despite limited resources.
Evaluating the EEMD-LSTM model for short-term forecasting of industrial power load: A case study in Vietnam
Authors: Nhat Nam Nguyen Vuu , Huu Duc Nguyen , Hoai Thu Nguyen Thi
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the effectiveness of the ensemble empirical mode decomposition-long short-term memory (EEMD-LSTM) model for short term load prediction. The prediction performance of the proposed model is compared to that of three other models (LR, ANN, LSTM). The contribution of this research lay in developing a novel approach that combined the EEMD-LSTM model to enhance the capability of industrial load forecasting. This was a field where there had been limited proposals for improvement, as these hybrid models had primarily been developed for other industries such as solar power, wind power, CO2 emissions, and had not been widely applied in industrial load forecasting before. First, the raw data was preprocessed using the IQR method, serving as the input for all four models. Second, the processed data was then used to train the four models. The performance of each model was evaluated using regression-based metrics such as mean absolute error (MAE) and mean squared error (MSE) to assess their respective output. The effectiveness of the EEMD-LSTM model was evaluated using Seojin industrial load data in Vietnam, and the results showed that it outperformed other models in terms of RMSE, n-RMSE, and MAPE errors for both 1-step and 24-step forecasting. This highlighted the model's capability to capture intricate and nonlinear patterns in electricity load data. The study underscored the significance of selecting a suitable model for electricity load forecasting and concluded that the EEMD-LSTM model was a dependable and precise approach for predicting future electricity assets. The model's robust performance and accurate forecasts showcased its potential in assisting decision-making processes in the energy sector.
Metabolic Effects of a Hydrophobic Alginate Derivative and Tetrahydrolipstatin in Rats Fed a Diet Supplemented with Palm Fat and Cholesterol
Authors: Marounek Milan , Volek Z. , Taubner T. , Czauderna M.
Published: August 2023

The effects of octadecylamide of alginic acid (amidated alginate) and tetrahydrolipstatin on serum and hepatic cholesterol, and the faecal output of fat and sterols, were investigated in rats. Amidated alginate is a sorbent of lipids, tetrahydrolipstatin is an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. Rats were fed diets containing cholesterol and palm fat at 10 and 70 g/kg, respectively. Palm fat was provided by coconut meal. Amidated alginate at 40 g/kg diet significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and hepatic cholesterol, and hepatic lipids and increased the faecal output of fat and coprostanol. Tetrahydrolipstatin at 300 mg/kg diet significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hepatic lipids and increased the faecal output of fat. The intake of feed was not significantly influenced; however, the weight gains in rats fed amidated alginate were lower than in rats of the control group. Both amidated alginate and tetrahydrolipstatin modified the fatty acid profile in excreta lipids. Concentrations of saturated fatty acids were decreased and those of unsaturated fatty acids increased. Despite different modes of action, amidated alginate and tetrahydrolipstatin were equally efficient in removing the dietary fat from the body.
Rola inkulturacji w nowej ewangelizacji
Authors: Nowicka Justyna
Published: August 2023

The article includes an attempt to describe the relationship between inculturation and the new evangelization, focusing on inculturation as a method of the new evangelization. In the literature of the subject there are many studies on inculturation in indigenous cultures of Africa or Latin America. However, there is little scientific literature on contemporary culture, which is also the subject of missionary activities of the Church. Therefore there is a need to systematize and investigate this topic. As a result of the analysis, the article shows that it is possible to use analogies in the application of inculturation, and it is possible to speak of inculturation in the new evangelization. An outline of the areas of contemporary culture is also presented which particularly require evangelization and inculturation.
Optogenetic ion pumps differ with respect to the secondary pattern of K+ redistribution
Authors: Parrish R. Ryley , Jackson‐Taylor Tom , Voipio Juha , Trevelyan Andrew J.
Published: August 2023

We recently reported that strong activation of the optogenetic chloride pump, halorhodopsin leads to a secondary redistribution of K+ ions into the cell, through tonically open, “leak” K+ channels. Here we show that this effect is not unique to halorhodopsin but is also seen with activation of another electrogenic ion pump, archaerhodopsin. The two opsins differ however in the size of the rebound rise in extracellular potassium, [K+]o, after the end of activation, which is far larger with halorhodopsin than for archaerhodopsin activation. Multiple linear regression modeling indicates that the variance in the postillumination surge in [K+]o was explained both by the size of the preceding, illumination‐induced drop in [K+]o and also by the type of opsin. These data provide additional support for the hypothesis that intense chloride‐loading of cells, as occurs naturally following intense bursts of GABAergic synaptic bombardment, or artificially following halorhodopsin activation, is followed by extrusion of both Cl− and K+ coupled together. We discuss this with respect to the pattern of [K+]o rise that occurs at the onset of seizure‐like events.
T‐tubule recovery after detubulation in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes
Authors: Tamkus Greta , Uchida Keita , Lopatin Anatoli N.
Published: August 2023

Remodeling of cardiac t‐tubules in normal and pathophysiological conditions is an important process contributing to the functional performance of the heart. While it is well documented that deterioration of t‐tubule network associated with various pathological conditions can be reversed under certain conditions, the mechanistic understanding of the recovery process is essentially lacking. Accordingly, in this study we investigated some aspects of the recovery of t‐tubules after experimentally‐induced detubulation. T‐tubules of isolated mouse ventricular myocytes were first sealed using osmotic shock approach, and their recovery under various experimental conditions was then characterized using electrophysiologic and imaging techniques. The data show that t‐tubule recovery is a strongly temperature‐dependent process involving reopening of previously collapsed t‐tubular segments. T‐tubule recovery is slowed by (1) metabolic inhibition of cells, (2) reducing influx of extracellular Ca2+ as well as by (3) both stabilization and disruption of microtubules. Overall, the data show that t‐tubule recovery is a highly dynamic process involving several central intracellular structures and processes and lay the basis for more detailed investigations in this area.
Importance of mechanical cues in regulating musculoskeletal circadian clock rhythmicity: Implications for articular cartilage
Authors: Dintwa Lekau , Hughes Clare E. , Blain Emma J.
Published: August 2023

The circadian clock, a collection of endogenous cellular oscillators with an approximate 24‐h cycle, involves autoregulatory transcriptional/translational feedback loops to enable synchronization within the body. Circadian rhythmicity is controlled by a master clock situated in the hypothalamus; however, peripheral tissues are also under the control of autonomous clocks which are coordinated by the master clock to regulate physiological processes. Although light is the primary signal required to entrain the body to the external day, non‐photic zeitgeber including exercise also entrains circadian rhythmicity. Cellular mechano‐sensing is imperative for functionality of physiological systems including musculoskeletal tissues. Over the last decade, mechano‐regulation of circadian rhythmicity in skeletal muscle, intervertebral disc, and bone has been demonstrated to impact tissue homeostasis. In contrast, few publications exist characterizing the influence of mechanical loading on the circadian rhythm in articular cartilage, a musculoskeletal tissue in which loading is imperative for function; importantly, a dysregulated cartilage clock contributes to development of osteoarthritis. Hence, this review summarizes the literature on mechano‐regulation of circadian clocks in musculoskeletal tissues and infers on their collective importance in understanding the circadian clock and its synchronicity for articular cartilage mechanobiology.
Dirichlet problems involving the Hardy-Leray operators with multiple polars
Authors: Chen Huyuan , Chen Xiaowei
Published: August 2023

Our aim of this article is to study qualitative properties of Dirichlet problems involving the Hardy-Leray operatorℒV≔−Δ+V{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}_{V}:= -\Delta +V, whereV(x)=∑i=1mμi∣x−Ai∣2V\left(x)={\sum }_{i=1}^{m}\frac{{\mu }_{i}}{{| x-{A}_{i}| }^{2}}, withμi≥−(N−2)24{\mu }_{i}\ge -\frac{{\left(N-2)}^{2}}{4}being the Hardy-Leray potential containing the polars’ setAm={Ai:i=1,…,m}{{\mathcal{A}}}_{m}=\left\{{A}_{i}:i=1,\ldots ,m\right\}inRN{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}(N≥2N\ge 2). Since the inverse-square potentials are critical with respect to the Laplacian operator, the coefficients{μi}i=1m{\left\{{\mu }_{i}\right\}}_{i=1}^{m}and the locations of polars{Ai}\left\{{A}_{i}\right\}play an important role in the properties of solutions to the related Poisson problems subject to zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. LetΩ\Omegabe a bounded domain containingAm{{\mathcal{A}}}_{m}. First, we obtain increasing Dirichlet eigenvalues:ℒVu=λuinΩ,u=0on∂Ω,{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}_{V}u=\lambda u\hspace{1.0em}{\rm{in}}\hspace{0.33em}\Omega ,\hspace{1.0em}u=0\hspace{1.0em}{\rm{on}}\hspace{0.33em}\partial \Omega ,and the positivity of the principle eigenvalue depends on the strengthμi{\mu }_{i}and polars’ setting. When the spectral does not contain the origin, we then consider the weak solutions of the Poisson problem(E)ℒVu=νinΩ,u=0on∂Ω,\left(E)\hspace{1.0em}\hspace{1.0em}{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}_{V}u=\nu \hspace{1em}{\rm{in}}\hspace{0.33em}\Omega ,\hspace{1.0em}u=0\hspace{1em}{\rm{on}}\hspace{0.33em}\partial \Omega ,whenν\nubelongs toLp(Ω){L}^{p}\left(\Omega ), withp>2NN+2p\gt \frac{2N}{N+2}in the variational framework, and we obtain a global weightedL∞{L}^{\infty }estimate whenp>N2p\gt \frac{N}{2}. When the principle eigenvalue is positive andν\nuis a Radon measure, we build a weighted distributional framework to show the existence of weak solutions of problem(E)\left(E). Moreover, via this weighted distributional framework, we can obtain a sharp assumption ofν∈Cγ(Ω¯\Am)\nu \in {{\mathcal{C}}}^{\gamma }\left(\bar{\Omega }\setminus {{\mathcal{A}}}_{m})for the existence of isolated singular solutions for problem(E)\left(E).
Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
Authors: Lv Fanglu
Published: August 2023

The occurrence pattern of stereotypic behavior in high-parity confined sows is still unclear. We continually observed the behavioral changes in activity-restricted sows from the first mating to the end of the third parity. The results showed that the second- or third-parity weaned sows exhibited more vacuum chewing and total oral behavior than the first-parity sows. The vacuum chewing of sows in the second and third pregnancies was significantly more than that of the first-pregnancy sows at each stage of pregnancy, and the total oral behavior changed similarly. The sitting of sows in the second and third pregnancies was significantly more than that of the first-pregnancy sows in the early stage of pregnancy, whereas sitting behavior in the third pregnancy was significantly more than that in the middle stages of the first and second pregnancies. Vacuum chewing or sitting was positively correlated with confinement duration. In summary, vacuum chewing and sitting behaviors in sows confined from the first mating were significantly affected by parity. From the late stage of the first pregnancy to the middle stage of the second pregnancy is the key period of stereotypic behavior development for low-parity sows.
Thek-Generalized Lucas Numbers Close to a Power of 2
Authors: Açikel Abdullah , Irmak Nurettin , Szalay László
Published: August 2023

Letk≥ 2 be a fixed integer. Thek-generalized Lucas sequence{Ln(k)}n≥0\[{{\left\{ L_{n}^{\left( k \right)} \right\}}_{n\ge 0}}\]starts with the positive integer initial valuesk, 1, 3, …, 2k−1– 1, and each term afterward is the sum of thekconsecutive preceding elements. An integernis said to be close to a positive integermifnsatisfies|n−m|<m\[\left| n-m \right|<\sqrt{m}\]. In this paper, we combine these two concepts. We solve completely the diophantine inequality|Ln(k)−2m|<2m/2\[\left| L_{n}^{\left( k \right)}-{{2}^{m}} \right|<{{2}^{m/2}}\]in the non-negative integersk,n, andm. This problem is equivalent to the resolution of the equationLn(k)=2m+t\[L_{n}^{\left( k \right)}={{2}^{m}}+t\]with the condition |t| < 2m/2,t∈ℤ\[t\in \mathbb{Z}\]. We also discovered a new formula forLn(k)\[L_{n}^{\left( k \right)}\]which was very useful in the investigation of one particular case of the problem.
New kink-periodic and convex–concave-periodic solutions to the modified regularized long wave equation by means of modified rational trigonometric–hyperbolic functions
Authors: Alquran Marwan , Najadat Omar , Ali Mohammed , Qureshi Sania
Published: August 2023

The significance of different types of periodic solutions in nonlinear equations is vital across various practical applications. Our objective in this study was to uncover novel forms of periodic solutions for the modified regularized long wave equation. This particular model holds great importance in the realm of physics as it characterizes the propagation of weak nonlinearity and space-time dispersion waves, encompassing phenomena like nonlinear transverse waves in shallow water, ion-acoustic waves in plasma, and phonon waves in nonlinear crystals. By employing the methodology of modified rational sine-cosine and sinh–cosh functions, we successfully derived new kink-periodic and convex–concave-periodic solutions. To showcase the superiority of our proposed approach, we conducted a comparative analysis with the alternative Kudryashov-expansion technique. Furthermore, we visually depicted the diverse recovery solutions through 2D and 3D plots to enhance the understanding of our findings.
Design der 5 MN·m Drehmoment-Normalmesseinrichtung
Authors: Kahmann Holger , Geva Kai , Schlegel Christian , Kumme Rolf , Härtig Frank
Published: August 2023

Dieser Artikel beschreibt den finalen Aufbau und das Funktionsprinzip der neuen 5 MN·m Drehmoment-Normalmesseinrichtung (Dm-NME) der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB). Die Maschine ist für mechanische Mehrkomponentenbelastung ausgelegt und kann neben dem Drehmoment, eine Axialkraft, Biegemomente und Querkräfte auf den Prüfling übertragen. Das Design der Maschine ist so optimiert, daß die Einflüsse parasitärer Komponenten auf das Hauptdrehmoment weitgehend reduziert werden.
Chancensicherung für alle Kinder
Authors: Welskop-Deffaa Eva M.
Published: August 2023

The opportunities of children and young people in social and cultural life in Germany depend to a large extent on the disposable income of their parents. Against this background the question arises: What can be done for poor families to improve opportunities for all children? In addition to a basic guarantee of a family-friendly social infrastructure, the guaranteed child allowance (Kindergrundsicherung) was proposed as a financial contribution to securing opportunities for children. After one year of unfruitful political debate about the funding of the guaranteed child allowance, the support for the project is shrinking.
Effects of Adult Age and Functioning of the Locus Coeruleus Norepinephrinergic System on Reward-Based Learning
Authors: Chen Hsiang-Yu , Marxen Michael , Dahl Martin J. , Glöckner Franka
Published: August 2023

Age-related impairments in value representations and updating during decision-making and reward-based learning are often related to age-related attenuation in the catecholamine system such as dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). However, it is unclear to what extent age-related declines in NE functioning in humans affect reward-based decision-making. We conducted a probabilistic decision-making task and applied a Q-learning model to investigate participants’ anticipatory values and value sensitivities. Task-related pupil dilations and locus coeruleus (LC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast, which served as a potential window of the LC-NE functions, were assessed in younger and older adults. Results showed that in both choice and feedback phases, younger adults’ (N= 42, 22 males) pupil dilations negatively correlated with anticipatory values, indicating uncertainty about outcome probabilities. Uncertainty-evoked pupil dilations in older adults (N= 41, 27 males) were smaller, indicating age-related impairments in value estimation and updating. In both age groups, participants who showed a larger uncertainty-evoked pupil dilation exhibited a higher value sensitivity as reflected in the β parameter of the reinforcement Q-learning model. Furthermore, older adults (N= 34, 29 males) showed a lower LC-MRI contrast than younger adults (N= 25, 15 males). The LC-MRI contrast positively correlated with value sensitivity only in older but not in younger adults. These findings suggest that task-related pupillary responses can reflect age-related deficits in value estimation and updating during reward-based decision-making. Our evidence with the LC-MRI contrast further showed the age-related decline of the LC structure in modulating value representations during reward-based learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAge-related impairments in value representation and updating during reward-based learning are associated with declines in the catecholamine modulation with age. However, it is unclear how age-related declines in the LC-NE system may affect reward-based learning. Here, we show that compared with younger adults, older adults exhibited reduced uncertainty-induced pupil dilations, suggesting age-related deficits in value estimation and updating. Older adults showed a lower structural MRI of the LC contrast than younger adults, indicating age-related degeneration of the LC structure. The association between the LC-MRI contrast and value sensitivity was only observed in older adults. Our findings may demonstrate a pioneering model to unravel the role of the LC-NE system in reward-based learning in aging.
Intrepid Ghosts and Writing Identities
Authors: Carter Don
Published: August 2023

When I suffered a serious leg injury recently, an emerging feeling of bewilderment shook my self-perception, activating a downward slide in my self-identity and general confidence. My ability to convey the physical pain and attendant emotions was further undermined in my attempts to seek medical advice where I found myself increasingly positioned and disadvantaged by the discourses prevalent in these medical settings. Indeed, I was struggling to explain the physical and psychological manifestations to the health professionals. However, I found a degree of solace from my exploration of writing that centers on illness and injury, with a number of these investigations assisting me with my visits to health specialists, as I explain in this paper. As such, this paper utilizes autoethnography as testimony to chart aspects of my experiences in relation to the connections between discourse, identity, pain, and writing. In doing so, I describe a series of emotions and events related to this injury as a means for tracking changes in my autobiographical self during this period and providing unique insights into my experience.
Chromosomal aberrations in Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed cows when using different breeding methods
Authors: Dzitsiuk V. V. , Bratytsia Kh. T.
Published: August 2023

Aim. The aim of this study was a comparative analysis of karyotypes of purebred, inbred, and crossbred cows of the
Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed in order to detect their degree of chromosomal aberrations. Methods. The cyto-
genetic study involved 156 cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed from two research farms of M.V. Zubets
Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, the NAAS. Cultures of peripheral lymphocytes, stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA, Difco, USA) were used according to the method of Moorhead et al. (1960). The chromosomal
preparations were stained with 2 % Giemsa solution (Giemsa, Merk) and analyzed under an Axiostar plus (Carl Zeiss,
Germany) light microscope at 1,000 times magnification. Metaphase slides were photographed with a digital camera
Olympus D-460 ZOOM. The biometric processing of the study results was conducted by ANOVA using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. Genomic mutations (aneuploidy and polyploidy) and structural aberrations of chromosomes were
found in the karyotypes of the investigated purebred, inbred, and crossbred cows. The total share of aberrant cells varied from 11.4 ± 0.39 % in purebred, 11.8 ± 0.40 % in inbred to 17.30 ± 0.85 % in crossbred cows. In two animals the
Robertson translocation, rob (1 : 29) was found. A statistically significant difference between purebred, inbred, and
crossbred animals was found regarding cells with aneuploidy and structural chromosomal aberrations. Conclusions.
The karyological analysis yielded data showing changes in genetic structure that can have an influence on fertility and
production in different breeding programs.
Vagal Asystoles in a Boy With Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Thomas Clara , Mandilaras Guido , Rabenhorst Dorothee , Oberhoffer Felix S. , Fischer Marcus , Haas Nikolaus A. , Fernandez Rodriguez Silvia
Published: August 2023

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic hormonal disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis resulting in mental retardation, muscle hypotonia, hypogonadism, and hyperphagia leading to significant obesity. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult patients with PWS is higher than in healthy controls and mainly secondary to massive obesity. In childhood, mortality may result from respiratory or gastrointestinal illnesses. We present a case of a 10-year-old boy with PWS who experienced recurrent and asymptomatic episodes of sinus pauses caused by the ingestion of large gulps of apple juice, which could be provoked and reproduced. The asystoles could not be provoked by any other vagal maneuvers and an initial diagnostic workup revealed no indication for structural heart disease. Because of the asymptomatic character of the asystoles, no treatment was initially provided. When he re-presented 3 months later after a clinically relevant syncope at school, pacemaker therapy was initiated, and he has demonstrated no subsequent sinus pauses or syncopes. Regarding the rising awareness of subtle cardiac alterations including autonomic dysfunction and electrocardiogram changes in young patients with PWS and especially the occurrence of unexplained sudden deaths in childhood that may be precipitated by arrhythmia, we suggest that the utility of periodic screening for arrhythmia risk should be evaluated in children with PWS.
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH KSPPS BMT ANDURING PADANG
Authors: Maidawati Maidawati
Published: August 2023

This article aims to analyze the role of KSPPS BMT Anduring Padang in empowering the people's economy through the financing it provides to customers. The data used are primary data obtained through interviews with sharia cooperative managers and customers of KSPPS BMT Anduring, as well as through observation and documentation, while secondary data is obtained from articles, books, magazines and other relevant references. The data analysis technique was carried out using analysis of reduction, display, verification and descriptive narration. The results of the study show: First, increasing the productivity of small entrepreneurs (customers), because, with the additional capital provided by KSPPS BMT, customers can develop their business; Second, increasing people's income, because with the financing provided, customers, can continue and develop their business and ultimately increase people's income; Third, to create jobs, the financing provided by KSPPS BMT Anduring is used by customers to start their business, this will cause a lot of workers to be absorbed in carrying out the business, especially workers from the family environment. This proves that the distribution of funds carried out by KSPPS BMT Anduring has played a significant role in empowering the economy of the community (customers) because the implications of the provision of financing provided have achieved the goal of economic empowerment of the people, namely forming a more independent society. However, KSPPS BMT Anduring should be followed by assistance in business management and giving spiritual showers in the form of religious lectures, the aim is to remind customers about Islamic principles in doing business and their obligations in paying debts so that this business can be used as one of the strategies of KSPPS BMT Anduring to minimize problem financing.
Ritual Relationships with Copal Incense
Authors: Mendoza Rebecca Jolene
Published: August 2023

Copal, an aromatic tree resin, has long been harvested and offered as incense in Indigenous communities of Mesoamerica. In contemporary academic contexts copal and other non-human materials and entities are often conceived of through objectifying ontologies. However, metaphysical frameworks grounded in life forces such as teotl (Nahuatl) and ch’ulel (various Mayan languages) offer alternative insights to human relationships with other-than-human worlds. Copal can be traced temporally and spatially, across thousands of miles and millennia. Specifically, we can follow copal from Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica across the northern border of Mexico into contemporary rituals in Denver, Colorado where copal continues to burn in Danza ceremonies. Beyond these ritual spaces, copal also moves in neoliberal and new age contexts as a market commodity and is stored in museum collections as ‘artifact’. Centering Mesoamerican metaphysics offers a counternarrative to these versions of settler-colonial objectification. Ultimately, precolonial and decolonial kinship practices can inform reinterpretations and reimagining of copal in the processes of museum and market appropriation.
Thom van Dooren and Matthew Chrulew (eds.), Kin: Thinking with Deborah Bird Rose
Authors: Moore David
Published: August 2023

Kin: Thinking with Deborah Bird Rose. 2022. Edited by Thom van Dooren and Matthew Chrulew. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 248pp. $102.95 (hardcover), $26.95 (paperback).
Von Hippel–Lindau Disease (VHL): Characteristic Lesions with Classic Imaging Findings
Authors: Bajaj Suryansh , Gandhi Darshan , Nayar Divya , Serhal Ali
Published: August 2023

Von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL) is a multisystem cancer syndrome caused by the inactivation of the VHL tumor suppressor gene and involves various organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS), endocrine system, and the kidneys. Tumors seen in patients with VHL disease can be benign or malignant and are usually multifocal, bilateral, and hypervascular in nature. As most lesions associated with VHL are asymptomatic initially, early diagnosis and the institution of an evidence-based surveillance protocol are of paramount importance. Screening, surveillance, and genetic counseling are key aspects in the management of patients diagnosed with VHL disease and often require a multidisciplinary approach and referral to specialized centers. This article will discuss the characteristic lesions seen with VHL disease, their diagnosis, screening protocols and management strategies, as well as an illustrative case to demonstrate the natural progression of the disease with classic imaging findings.
Analysis of the role of planning in the enterprise
Authors: Baylova Olena
Published: August 2023

The object of research is the enterprise. The subject of research is a complex of theoretical, methodological and practical issues related to the improvement of planning as a tool of effective enterprise management. The work is directed to the generalization of theoretical provisions and the development of organizational and methodological aspects of planning, as well as the development of practical recommendations regarding the mechanism of implementation of planning at enterprises.
Among the sources for analysis when considering issues of the economic essence and content of planning were the methodological and legal foundations of legislative acts and government resolutions in the field of planning. The following research methods were used: abstract-logical, economic-statistical, system-functional analysis, analytical, balance, program-target, economic-mathematical, calculation-constructive, experimental and others. The main one was the systematic analysis of theory and practice, with the ultimate goal of developing methodological recommendations for the creation and development of the planning system at the enterprise.
The task of improving planning at the enterprise was solved in the work. Insufficient use of all types of planning affects the results of enterprises, lack of maximum efficiency. Requirements for productivity and product quality require the use of new technologies and approaches, especially in the processes of resource management and enterprise planning. Preparation of a detailed plan can help objectively assess business opportunities, trends and development of the enterprise.
The practical significance of the conducted analysis lies in the development and implementation of recommendations for improving the forms and mechanism of planning at the enterprise. The implementation of proposals regarding the methodology of implementation and functioning of planning will allow the enterprise to increase the efficiency of management based on the clear implementation of strategic goals in the system of planned indicators.
LA SALLE'S SMALL CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS: ORGANIZATION AND WORK IN THE FIRST FOUNDATION YEARS
Authors: ALVES JHONATAN DIÓGENES DE OLIVEIRA , TOLEDO CEZAR DE ALENCAR ARNAUT DE
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT: Using the works of La Salle, his commentators, and researchers on this period and education, this work aims to present his pedagogical proposal of a reformist nature, which, however, corresponded to the social needs that gradually appeared in that context. Ensured by the policies of King Louis XIV, the small Christian Schools, founded by Jean-Baptiste de La Salle, and other Catholic institutions found space for promoting their Christian pedagogy. In the Small Schools, teaching showed signs of modernity never before seen in other confessional teaching institutions. As a spiritual and intellectual guide of a group of consecrated masters, La Salle provided students with indiscriminate access to their schools, teaching them to read and write French, and training lay people to conduct classes. These actions popularized his work and the Christian civility rules he wrote and were widely read. All these factors contributed to the emergence of an education that, prioritizing the poorest layers of society, sought to reconcile in its method the traditional religious precepts with the demands of the bourgeois society of its time. The result of his work can be understood based on the popular reach of reading and writing, which allowed them to work and develop amidst the modern demands required by the social context.
Saúde mental, drogas e direitos humanos: por intervenções cidadãs aos usuários de drogas em contexto de internação compulsória
Authors: Duarte Marco José de Oliveira
Published: August 2023

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo problematizar o campo da saúde mental, o crack, o álcool e outras drogas frente às internações compulsórias, como política de governo e como dispositivo de repressão aos usuários dessas substâncias psicoativas em situação de rua. Contextualizam-se, a partir da experiência de pesquisa-ação da saúde mental na atenção básica, em um determinado território, a política pública de saúde mental e drogas, as implicações éticas no cuidado e a questão dos direitos humanos dos usuários de drogas no cotidiano da gestão do trabalho em saúde, com o desafio da intersetorialidade para enfrentamento da questão e a denúncia ao retrocesso com as internações compulsórias na cidade.
A rede assistencial sobre drogas segundo seus próprios atores
Authors: Costa Pedro Henrique Antunes da , Laport Tamires Jordão , Mota Daniela Cristina Belchior , Ronzani Telmo Mota
Published: August 2023

RESUMO O presente estudo analisou uma rede assistencial municipal sobre drogas a partir das percepções de seus próprios atores. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa. As estratégias de coleta de dados foram grupos focais e observação participante. Os dados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Do discurso dos participantes foram levantados os seus conceitos de rede, seus desafios e possibilidades de atuação, e dois pontos-chave do panorama local: o CAPSad e os encaminhamentos. Concluiu-se que a compreensão dos aspectos articuladores e relacionais dos atores e serviços é imprescindível para o entendimento dessas redes e suas diversas formas de caracterização na realidade.
Fatores que interferem no êxito do tratamento de usuários de crack
Authors: Santos Adrielle Rodrigues dos , Guerra Ana Luisa Antunes Gonçalves , Vasconcelos Selene Cordeiro , Frazão Iracema da Silva
Published: August 2023

RESUMO Este estudo analisou os aspectos que, segundo os próprios dependentes de crack, interferem no êxito do seu tratamento. Recorte de um trabalho original, o estudo é descritivo, exploratório, observacional e com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada com os usuários de crack em tratamento no CAPSad de Camaragibe-PE com uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o Alceste que forneceu três classes, tendo a de número três 33% das UCE's sendo utilizada para compor este trabalho. Ela define a família e a religião como fatores interferentes no sucesso do tratamento dos usuários de crack e fundamentais na reinserção social.
Fatores de risco e proteção para o consumo de drogas: conhecimento de estudantes de uma escola pública
Authors: Cardoso Lorena Silveira , Santos Marcos Vinícius Ferreira dos , Thomas Cíntia Lepaus , Siqueira Marluce Migue de
Published: August 2023

RESUMO Objetivou-se investigar os fatores de risco e proteção para o consumo de drogas entre estudantes de uma escola municipal em Vitória - ES. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratória, com uma população de 500 alunos, matriculados em 2011. Dos escolares, 62,5% relatam que conversar sobre drogas com os pais diminui as chances de consumir, 41,7% referem que conviver com familiares e/ou amigos usuários os torna mais vulneráveis ao uso. Ainda, 70,8% destes, relataram que a autoestima elevada previne ouso de SPAs. Portanto, para desenvolver atividades de prevenção ao uso de SPAs, primeiramente faz-se necessário conhecer as atitudes e crenças dos alunos, bem como da escola, família e comunidade.
A partilha do sonho: Ailton Krenak e Glauber Rocha, uma aproximação intempestiva
Authors: Duarte Mateus Sanches , Silva Gabriel Martins da , Menezes João Pedro Saddi Cabral de
Published: August 2023

Resumo A fim de explorar as possíveis aproximações entre Glauber Rocha e Ailton Krenak, este ensaio investiga os ecos e as relações entre duas figuras distintas em suas atribuições, lugares sociais e ambições político-estéticas, mas que compartilham um engajamento em questões urgentes no debate público de seus respectivos tempos históricos. Assim, propomos um diálogo transversal entre os dois pensadores a partir da dimensão onírica (a instituição do sonho), que talvez melhor atravesse suas afinidades e diferenças. Embora pareça inusitada uma associação entre Glauber Rocha e os ameríndios, ou entre Ailton Krenak e o Cinema Novo, o ensaio enfatiza a afinidade intempestiva da instituição do sonho nas ressonâncias e dissidências entre os manifestos de Glauber Rocha “Eztetyka da Fome” (1965) e “Eztetyka do sonho” (1971) e os livros de Ailton Krenak, Ideias para adiar o fim do mundo (2020) e A vida não é útil (2021).
De procedimentos e alguma barbárie
Authors: Lima Natalie
Published: August 2023

Resumo O conceito de procedimento desenvolvido pelo escritor argentino César Aira no ensaio “La nueva escritura” é o ponto de partida com o qual se busca, num gesto crítico que encena certa barbárie, especular em torno de uma provocação do chileno Roberto Bolaño: haveria um “surrealismo clandestino na América Latina”?