bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unified Authentication and Access Control for Future Mobile Communication‐Based Lightweight IoT Systems Using Blockchain
Authors: Joshi Shubham , Stalin Shalini , Shukla Prashant Kumar , Shukla Piyush Kumar , Bhatt Ruby , Bhadoria Rajan Singh , Tiwari Basant
Published: December 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new revolution defined by heterogeneous devices made up of intelligent, omnipresent items that are all hooked up to The internet. These devices are frequently implemented in different areas to offer innovative programs in various industrial applications, including intelligent urban, medicine, and societies. Such Internet of Things (IoT) equipment generates a large volume of private and safety information. Because IoT systems are resource‐constrained in terms of operation, memory, and communication capability, safeguarding accessibility to them is a difficult task. In the blockchain concept, the majority, or even all network nodes, check the validity and accuracy of exchanged data before accepting and recording it, whether this data is related to financial transactions, measurements of a sensor, or an authentication message. In evaluating the validity of exchanged data, nodes must reach a consensus in order to perform a special action, in which case the opportunity to enter and record transactions and unreliable interactions with the system is significantly reduced. Recently, in order to share and access management of IoT devices’ information with a distributed attitude, a new authentication protocol based on blockchain has been proposed, and it is claimed that this protocol satisfies user privacy while preserving security. Today’s identification and authentication techniques have substantial shortcomings due to rapidly growing prevalence and implementation. As a result, the protection of such gadgets is critical to guarantee the program’s efficacy and safety. A decentralized authentication and access control method for lightweight IoT systems are proposed in this work and a blockchain‐based system that enables identification and secures messaging with IoT nodes. The technique is built on fog information systems and the idea of a blockchain system; when contrasted to something like a blockchain‐based verification system, the testing findings show that the suggested mechanism outperforms it. The authentication and verification system undergoes using the blockchain technique. Our method takes advantage of blockchain’s inherent advantages while also associated with development authentication systems. Our suggested blockchain‐based approach, structure, and layout, in particular, provide for transparency, consistency, and provenance while also providing tamper‐proof records. The article describes the general systems architectural style and the analysis and execution of a real scenario as just a prototype system. The authentication included give as protected prototype that can transmit data with secured protocol and achieves minimum error rate.
Study on the Formation Mechanism of Rock Burst Caused by Seam Floor Slip under an Ultrathick Conglomerate
Authors: Ma Zhiyong , Feng Wenkai , Wang Zhen , Lin Fujin , Li Dayong
Published: December 2021

A rock burst accident occurred on coalface 13230 of the Gengcun Coal Mine in Henan Province. Through a field investigation, theoretical analysis, and microseismic monitoring, we studied how the rock burst, which was caused by overall seam floor slip and instability, occurring under an ultrathick conglomerate. Because the overlying ultrathick conglomerate in the mined-out zone close to coalface 13230 had been inadequately mined, the leading section of the coalface was under a high level of stress. Combined with the tectonic stresses from the F16 faultage and the soft floor structure, these factors caused the floor of this coalface to trigger the overall slip-type rock burst. In this paper, an estimation model of the ultimate bearing capacity of a seam floor under an ultrathick conglomerate and the advancing abutment pressure on the coalface is presented. This model is used to show that the ultimate bearing capacity of the seam floor on coalface 13230 is 26.3 MPa, and the abutment pressure is far more than the floor bearing capacity. We also present pressure relief and reinforced supporting measures, which can effectively prevent floor slip-type rock bursts from occurring. The results of this study provide a reference for the prevention and control of floor slip-type rock bursts in coal mining under an ultrathick conglomerate.
To Investigate the Effect of Glucocorticoids on Blood Loss during and after First Total Hip Arthroplasty and Its Safety Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Li Fulin , Liu Wenhui , Huang Wenwen , Li Qinglong , Yin Dong
Published: December 2021

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical glucocorticoids for total hip arthroplasty by meta-analysis. Methods. A computerized search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed English databases, as well as Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, vipu Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang database, and Chinese Knowledge Net Database, was performed to include all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding topical glucocorticoid therapy for postoperative bleeding after THA according to the inclusion criteria. The quality evaluation criteria of RCTs, as stated in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.5, were adopted for evaluation, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Results. A total of 10 articles were included, including 1,112 patients: 566 in the topical glucocorticoid group and 546 in the control group. The transfusion rate was 8.43% for topical glucocorticoids and 30.05% for the control group (

P
<
0.001

), and topical glucocorticoids reduced 317.89 ml total blood loss and 76.82 ml invisible blood loss, with statistically significant differences (

P
<
0.001

). The amount of intraoperative blood loss was reduced by topical glucocorticoids, but the difference was not statistically significant (

P
=
0.83

), and the postoperative HB value was increased by topical glucocorticoids, although the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.001

). The incidence of DVT and PE after topical glucocorticoid application (3.03%) was greater than that of the control group (2.40%), the difference was not statistically significant (

P
=
0.54

), and the incidence of infection after topical glucocorticoid application (3.03%) was greater than that of the control group (2.40%). The difference was not statistically significant (

P
=
0.39

). Conclusions. Topical glucocorticoids can reduce the transfusion rate and blood loss in THA patients without increasing their risk of thrombosis.
Strategic Provision of Trade Credit in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain
Authors: Wan Qin , Huang Yu , Yu Cuiting , Lu Meili
Published: December 2021

This study focuses on a a dual-channel supply chain that consists of a capital-constrained brick-and-mortar retailer and a manufacturer, where a manufacturer can simultaneously sell products through a traditional retail channel and a direct online channel. Supplementary pricing strategy and competitive pricing strategy are simulated in our model, and we find that the former one is the better choice for the manufacturer when the retailer suffers capital constraints. In our analysis, the capital constraint on retailer could mitigate the price competition between two channels, and it may be beneficial to the manufacturer under certain conditions. Our findings show that the manufacturer should strategically provide trade credit to retailers rather than unconditionally provide it. We present two trade-credit strategies (trade credit with positive interest rate and trade credit with zero interest rate) and suggest that the manufacturer should choose an appropriate trade-credit strategy according to the initial capital of the retailer. To guide the manufacturer when and how to provide trade credit, we conduct several numerical simulations based on our results and further plot out a graph to direct the manufacturer to an appropriate strategy of trade credit.
Establishment of Tissue Culture System of Actinidia deliciosa Cultivar “Guichang”
Authors: Zhong Weimin , Zhou Junliang , Tang Dongmei , Huang Yaxin , Liu Futao , Zhang Min , Wang Guoli , Wu Sufang , He Yue , Tang Jingwen
Published: December 2021

In order to breed virus-free plantlets of the kiwifruit cultivar “Guichang,” which belongs to Actinidia deliciosa, in this study, stem segments with buds were used as explants, the establishment of a tissue culture rapid propagation system was carried out, and then the virus status of tissue culture plantlets was detected via the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. The tissue culture rapid propagation system proved that the contamination and browning rates could be controlled below 20% and the survival rate could be exceeded by 70% when the single bud stem segment of “Guichang” kiwifruit was sterilized with 70% alcohol for 30–60 s and 15% NaClO for 15 min, respectively. Meanwhile, we screened the hormone concentration to get better results, and the appropriate medium for adventitious bud induction was MS + 6-BA (1.0 mg/L) + IBA (0.2 mg/L); for proliferation, it was MS + 6-BA (1.0 mg/L) + IBA (0.1 mg/L); and for rooting, it was 1/2 MS + IBA (0.3 mg/L), and the efficiency of induction, proliferation, and rooting could reach 74.07%, 79.63%, and 85.18%, respectively. In addition, the RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the infection rate of 9 viruses: apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Actinidia virus X (AVX), cucumber necrosis virus (CNV), ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV), citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV), Actinidia virus B (AcVB), Pelargonium zonate spot virus (PZSV), and cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) in the “Guichang” kiwifruit tissue culture plantlets was 0. This study could lay a foundation for the production of “Guichang” kiwifruit tissue culture seedlings, and the medium formula provided in this study was useful for the industrial rapid propagation of “Guichang” plantlets.
Targeting Ribonucleotide Reductase Induces Synthetic Lethality in PP2A-Deficient Uterine Serous Carcinoma
Authors: O'Connor Caitlin M. , Taylor Sarah E. , Miller Kathryn M. , Hurst Lauren , Haanen Terrance J. , Suhan Tahra K. , Zawacki Kaitlin P. , Noto Fallon K. , Trako Jonida , Mohan Arathi , Sangodkar Jaya , Zamarin Dmitriy , DiFeo Analisa , Narla Goutham
Published: December 2021

Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a highly aggressive endometrial cancer subtype with limited therapeutic options and a lack of targeted therapies. While mutations to PPP2R1A, which encodes the predominant protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) scaffolding protein Aα, occur in 30% to 40% of USC cases, the clinical actionability of these mutations has not been studied. Using a high-throughput screening approach, we showed that mutations in Aα results in synthetic lethality following treatment with inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). In vivo, multiple models of Aα mutant uterine serous tumors were sensitive to clofarabine, an RNR inhibitor (RNRi). Aα-mutant cells displayed impaired checkpoint signaling upon RNRi treatment and subsequently accumulated more DNA damage than wild-type (WT) cells. Consistently, inhibition of PP2A activity using LB-100, a catalytic inhibitor, sensitized WT USC cells to RNRi. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data indicated that inactivation of PP2A, through loss of PP2A subunit expression, was prevalent in USC, with 88% of patients with USC harboring loss of at least one PP2A gene. In contrast, loss of PP2A subunit expression was rare in uterine endometrioid carcinomas. While RNRi are not routinely used for uterine cancers, a retrospective analysis of patients treated with gemcitabine as a second- or later-line therapy revealed a trend for improved outcomes in patients with USC treated with RNRi gemcitabine compared with patients with endometrioid histology. Overall, our data provide experimental evidence to support the use of ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors for the treatment of USC.

Significance:

A drug repurposing screen identifies synthetic lethal interactions in PP2A-deficient uterine serous carcinoma, providing potential therapeutic avenues for treating this deadly endometrial cancer.
Dissecting the Oncogenic Roles of Keratin 17 in the Hallmarks of Cancer
Authors: Baraks Gabriella , Tseng Robert , Pan Chun-Hao , Kasliwal Saumya , Leiton Cindy V. , Shroyer Kenneth R. , Escobar-Hoyos Luisa F.
Published: December 2021

There is an unmet need to identify and validate tumor-specific therapeutic targets to enable more effective treatments for cancer. Heterogeneity in patient clinical characteristics as well as biological and genetic features of tumors present major challenges for the optimization of therapeutic interventions, including the development of novel and more effective precision medicine. The expression of keratin 17 (K17) is a hallmark of the most aggressive forms of cancer across a wide range of anatomical sites and histological types. K17 correlates with shorter patient survival, predicts resistance to specific chemotherapeutic agents, and harbors functional domains that suggest it could be therapeutically targeted. Here, we explore the role of K17 in the hallmarks of cancer and summarize evidence to date for K17-mediated mechanisms involved in each hallmark, elucidating functional roles that warrant further investigation to guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Assessing CSF ctDNA to Improve Diagnostic Accuracy and Therapeutic Monitoring in Breast Cancer Leptomeningeal Metastasis
Authors: Fitzpatrick Amanda , Iravani Marjan , Mills Adam , Childs Lucy , Alaguthurai Thanussuyah , Clifford Angela , Garcia-Murillas Isaac , Van Laere Steven , Dirix Luc , Harries Mark , Okines Alicia , Turner Nicholas C. , Haider Syed , Tutt Andrew N.J. , Isacke Clare M.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology is the gold standard diagnostic test for breast cancer leptomeningeal metastasis (BCLM), but has impaired sensitivity, often necessitating repeated lumbar puncture to confirm or refute diagnosis. Further, there is no quantitative response tool to assess response or progression during BCLM treatment.

Experimental Design:

Facing the challenge of working with small-volume samples and the lack of common recurrent mutations in breast cancers, cell-free DNA was extracted from the CSF and plasma of patients undergoing investigation for BCLM (n = 30). ctDNA fraction was assessed by ultra-low-pass whole genome sequencing (ulpWGS), which does not require prior tumor sequencing.

Results:

In this proof-of-concept study, ctDNA was detected (fraction ≥0.10) in the CSF of all 24 patients with BCLM+ (median ctDNA fraction, 0.57), regardless of negative cytology or borderline MRI imaging, whereas CSF ctDNA was not detected in the six patients with BCLM− (median ctDNA fraction 0.03, P < 0.0001). Plasma ctDNA was only detected in patients with extracranial disease progression or who had previously received whole brain radiotherapy. ctDNA fraction was highly concordant with mutant allele fraction measured by tumor mutation-specific ddPCR assays (r = 0.852; P < 0.0001). During intrathecal treatment, serial monitoring (n = 12 patients) showed that suppression of CSF ctDNA fraction was associated with longer BCLM survival (P = 0.034), and rising ctDNA fraction was detectable up to 12 weeks before clinical progression.

Conclusions:

Measuring ctDNA fraction by ulpWGS is a quantitative marker demonstrating potential for timely and accurate BCLM diagnosis and therapy response monitoring, with the ultimate aim to improve management of this poor-prognosis patient group.
Biomarkers of Angiogenesis and Clinical Outcomes to Cabozantinib and Everolimus in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma from the Phase III METEOR Trial
Authors: Denize Thomas , Farah Subrina , Cimadamore Alessia , Flaifel Abdallah , Walton Emily , Sticco-Ivins Maura A. , Labaki Chris , Braun David A. , Sun Maxine , Wang Evelyn , Xie Wanling , Choueiri Toni K. , Signoretti Sabina
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Antiangiogenic VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors are approved for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) and their efficacy is higher in high angiogenic tumors. As cabozantinib inhibits multiple tyrosine kinase receptors, including VEGFRs, we tested whether markers of angiogenesis, including microvascular density (MVD) and mast cell density (MCD), could predict benefit from cabozantinib versus everolimus, using RCC samples from the METEOR (NCT01865747) trial.

Experimental Design:

MVD and MCD were studied in 430 patients (cabozantinib = 216, everolimus = 214) by double immunohistochemistry for CD31 (vascular marker) and tryptase (mast cell marker) coupled with automated image analysis. Results from evaluable cases (MVD = 360, MCD = 325) were correlated with progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR).

Results:

MVD was positively correlated with MCD. In the whole cohort, high MVD and high MCD were associated with longer PFS; improved PFS was most evident in patients with high levels of both MCD and MVD. Cabozantinib was associated with improved PFS, OS, and ORR compared with everolimus, irrespective of MVD levels. Cabozantinib was also associated with improved ORR compared with everolimus, irrespective of MCD levels. For PFS and OS, the treatment effect for cabozantinib versus everolimus tended to be greater in tumors with low MCD.

Conclusions:

High MVD and high MCD are associated with improved outcome in mccRCC but do not predict efficacy to cabozantinib versus everolimus. The high efficacy of cabozantinib in low angiogenic tumors allows us to speculate that its antitumor activity is not exclusively mediated by VEGFR inhibition.
Silencing of miR-1246 Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells by Promoting ZNF23 Transcription
Authors: Cai Lu , Zhang Qian , Du Lili , Zheng Feiyun
Published: December 2021

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most frequent cause of death among patients with gynecologic malignancies. In recent years, the development of cisplatin (DDP) resistance has become an important reason for the poor prognosis of OC patients. Therefore, it is vital to explore the mechanism of DDP resistance in OC. In this study, microRNA-1246 (miR-1246) expression in OC and DDP-resistant OC cells was determined by RT-qPCR, and chemosensitivity to DDP was assessed by the CCK-8 assay. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the interaction between miR-1246 and zinc finger 23 (ZNF23), while changes in ZNF23 expression were monitored by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot assays. Moreover, cell proliferation, cycle phase, and apoptosis were determined by EdU staining, flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, and Hoechst staining. Our data showed that miR-1246 was highly expressed in DDP-resistant OVCAR-3 and TOV-112D cells. Functionally, overexpression of miR-1246 markedly enhanced DDP resistance and cell proliferation, and suppressed cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of OC cells. Inhibition of miR-1246 expression significantly attenuated DDP resistance and cell proliferation, and increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in DDP-resistant OC cells. Furthermore, ZNF23 was identified as a target gene of miR-1246, and ZNF23 protein expression was notably downregulated in DDP-resistant OC cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-1246 significantly downregulated the ZNF23 levels in OVCAR-3 and TOV-112D cells, and inhibition of miR-1246 upregulated the ZNF23 levels in the DDP-resistant OVCAR-3 and TOV-112D cells. In conclusion, miR-1246 might be a novel regulator of DDP-resistant OC that functions by regulating ZNF23 expression in DDP-resistant cells, as well as cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis.
Signs of Dissociation and Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ferrarese Daniele , Spagnolo Giorgia , Vecchione Michele , Scaldaferri Franco , Armuzzi Alessandro , Chieffo Daniela , Belella Daniela , Petito Claudia , Mirijello Antonio , Gasbarrini Antonio , Addolorato Giovanni
Published: December 2021

Background: Several psychological disorders have been described in patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Few studies have focused on the relationship between IBD and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and no data are available on the relationship between IBD and dissociative symptoms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of PTSD and dissociative symptoms in a sample of IBD patients compared to healthy controls. A possible relationship with disease activity was also investigated. Methods: A total of 112 IBD patients, 55 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 57 ulcerative colitis (UC), and 114 healthy individuals were evaluated. IBD patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to disease activity (remission, mild, and moderate). The revised version of the Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) and the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) were administered to patients and controls. Results: IBD patients showed significantly higher rates of PTSD and dissociative symptoms compared to healthy controls. No differences were found between CD and UC patients. PTSD and dissociative symptoms were higher among CD patients with mild to moderate-severe activity compared to the remission group. No differences were found among UC patients with different activity levels. Conclusion: IBD patients show a high prevalence of dissociative and traumatic affective disorders. Future studies are needed to investigate the role of these disorders in the clinical course and management of IBD patients according to the different disease activity phase.
Endurance Exercise Training-Attenuated Diabetic Kidney Disease with Muscle Weakness in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats
Authors: Kotake Hitoshi , Yamada Shohei , Ogura Yuji , Watanabe Shiika , Inoue Kazuho , Ichikawa Daisuke , Sugaya Takeshi , Ohata Keiichi , Natsuki Yasunori , Hoshino Seiko , Watanabe Minoru , Kimura Kenjiro , Shibagaki Yugo , Kamijo-Ikemori Atsuko
Published: December 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate protective effects of endurance exercise training against diabetic kidney disease (DKD) with muscle weakness by using male spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats as type 2 diabetic animal models with obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Methods: Eight-week-old SDT fatty rats (n = 12) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 10) were randomly divided into exercise (Ex; SDT-Ex: n = 6, SD-Ex: n = 5) and sedentary groups (SDT-Cont: n = 6, SD-Cont: n = 5), respectively. Each group underwent regular treadmill exercise 4 times a week from ages 8–16 weeks. Results: The exercise attenuated hypertension and hyperlipidemia and prevented increases in renal parameter levels without affecting blood glucose levels. In the SDT fatty rats, it prevented induction of renal morphological abnormalities in the interstitium of the superficial and intermediate layers of the cortex. Downregulated expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the glomerulus of the SDT fatty rats was significantly upregulated by the exercise. The exercise upregulated the renal expressions of both medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α related to fatty acid metabolism. It increased muscle strength and both muscle weight and cross-sectional area of type IIb muscle fibers in the extensor digitorum longus muscle in the SDT fatty rats. Conclusion: Endurance exercise training in type 2 diabetes ameliorates DKD by improving endothelial abnormality and enhancing fatty acid metabolism in addition to attenuated hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and muscle weakness independently of blood glucose levels.
Serum Cholinesterase Levels to Predict All-Cause Mortality in a Community-Based Study: The Takahata Study
Authors: Saegusa Makoto , Matsuda Yumi , Konta Tsuneo , Saitoh Takafumi , Sakurada Kaori , Furuse Midori , Uno Chisaki , Kayama Takamasa , Ueno Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Serum albumin (Alb) levels have been found to be independent predictors of all-cause mortality in a community-based population, but whether this is the case for serum cholinesterase (ChE) levels is uncertain. This study aimed to determine whether serum ChE levels are independent predictors of all-cause mortality in a community-based population. Methods: A total of 3,504 subjects (mean age 62.5 years) from Takahata, Japan, participated and were followed up for 13.5 years (median 13.2 years). Based on baseline serum Alb and ChE levels, subjects were stratified by interquartile range as low, middle, and high. The correlation between serum Alb and ChE levels was examined by calculating correlation coefficients. The association between each group and all-cause mortality was examined by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses. Results: During follow-up, 568 subjects died. There was a positive correlation between serum Alb and ChE levels (r = 0.30). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that all-cause mortality in the low group was significantly higher for both serum Alb and ChE levels (log-rank p < 0.01). Adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the serum Alb level was not an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95–1.46 for all-cause mortality in the low group compared to the middle group), whereas the serum ChE level was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.06–1.59 for all-cause mortality in the low group compared to the middle group). Conclusion: The serum ChE level is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in the general community-based population.
Paternidad en adolescente en conflicto con la ley: una perspectiva desde la terapia familiar sistémica
Authors: Toiber-Rodríguez Marla Naivi , Mancillas-Bazán Celia , Montero-Pardo Xolyanetzin , Pardo-Benítez Guadalupe , Aguilar-Delgadillo Cintia , Díaz Daniel , Sánchez Báez Ramón
Published: December 2021

(analytical)El objetivo fue analizar la construcción de la paternidad en adolescentes en conflicto con la ley. Se llevó a cabo un estudio exploratorio y cualitativo, se construyeron historias de vida a través de la técnica de entrevista a profundidad. La muestra se conformó por cuatro adolescentes en conflicto con la ley. Se hizo un análisis de contenido interpretativo y se obtuvieron siete categorías: contexto emocional de la familia de origen, el funcionamiento familiar, ser testigo de violencia familiar y la expresión de masculinidad al transgredir la ley y usar drogas. La paternidad permite reflexionar acerca de sus experiencias en la infancia, desarrollar un rol paternal en transición, en el que asumen como principal función el proveer, pero dando espacio a satisfacer las necesidades afectivas de sus hijos.
Keywords: Adolescencia, transgresión de la ley, paternidad, masculinidades, historias de vida.
Synopsis of the terrestrial and freshwater gastropod fauna of southern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Silva Fernanda dos Santos , Simone Luiz Ricardo Lopes de , Salvador Rodrigo Brincalepe
Published: December 2021

The terrestrial and freshwater malacofauna of southern Bahia is little known, especially in comparison to the well-studied eastern portion of the state covered by remnants of Atlantic Forest. We present here a synopsis of all gastropod species known from the central southern region of Bahia state, known as ‘Centro-Sul Baiano’, focusing on four municipalities: Condeúba, Cordeiros, Mortugaba, and Piripá. The list herein contains data from the literature, historical material deposited in museum collections, and two recent expeditions undertaken in the region. The survey resulted in 21 species of gastropods, with nearly 700 voucher specimens (mostly freshwater) deposited in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil). Circa 30% of the species are non-indigenous; previously, the only known exotic in the region was Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774). The family Achatinidae was the most diverse group in number of native species, while the typically diverse superfamily Orthalicoidea was represented by only two species.
Convivências e aprendizados
Authors: Citelli Adilson , Suzina Ana Cristina , Tufte Thomas
Published: December 2021

Reunião de depoimentos em homenagem a Paulo Freire, realizados por Adilson Citelli, Ana Cristina Suzina, Thomas Tufte, Ana Maria Saul, Angelo Brás Fernandes Callou, Birgitte Jallov, Cees J. Hamelink, Frei Betto, Ligia Chiappini, Maria Celeste Cadiz, Lynette Carpio-Serrano, Pamela Maria A. Custodio, Winifredo Dagli, Mildred Moscoso, Ma. Stella C. Tirol, Maria Lucia M. Carvalho Vasconcelos, Maria Salett Tauk Santos, Marisa Lajolo e Sérgio Haddad.
Teses e dissertações de 1º de julho de 2020 a 30 de junho de 2021
Authors: MATRIZes Editores
Published: December 2021

Dados das teses e dissertações defendidas no PPGCOM/USP de 1º de julho de 2020 a 30 de junho de 2021.
A cidade neoliberal
Authors: Zanotelli Claudio Luiz
Published: December 2021

O artigo aborda esquematicamente a ascensão do neoliberalismo no Brasil e traça uma proposta de “tipologia” das cidades que emergiram com o capitalismo – cidades despóticas, cidades disciplinares e cidades de controle – que permite revelar a penetração e instauração do neoliberalismo na vida cotidiana. Para tanto, baseou-se sobretudo, mas não só, nas análises críticas de Foucault ao neoliberalismo. O aporte pretendido no debate sobre a cidade neoliberal em voga é o de que o neoliberalismo não é uma radicalização do liberalismo econômico clássico – que por meio da financeirização e do “menos Estado” fragmenta e segrega a cidade –, mas sim uma nova forma de normalização social fundada num intervencionismo do Estado em seus vários níveis e, em consequência, na cidade, por meio da noção de meio e de norma.
Do Quadrilátero Ferrífero ao Quadrilátero Aquífero: territorialidades conflitantes na produção de um espaço social extensivo à Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte-MG
Authors: Souza Leandro de Aguiar e
Published: December 2021

O objetivo desta discussão é compreender processos que levaram à conformação de uma região popular e tecnicamente reconhecida como o Quadrilátero Ferrífero, situada no entorno da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Metodologicamente, os levantamentos e as análises verificaram que, historicamente, a produção desse espaço regional deu prioridade ao desenvolvimento da atividade minerária, sobretudo pela atuação de capitais transnacionais ou estrangeiros. Em termos de organização do capital e de fluxos de mais valor estabelecidos nessa escala, o espaço regional do Quadrilátero Ferrífero encontra-se hierarquizado em relação a Belo Horizonte, principal centralidade da RMBH. Por outro lado, nota-se que a quase totalidade dos mananciais que abastecem essa região estão no Quadrilátero, em locais crescentemente afetados pela mineração. Nesse cenário, apontam-se a necessidade e a urgência de que essa área seja progressivamente reconhecida como um Quadrilátero Aquífero, pautado em lógicas de conservação ambiental e de reprodução da vida.
Quando o texto literário inclui: reflexões sobre formação e experiências de leitura em um projeto de extensão univers´itária
Authors: Tavares Márcia , Porto Shirley Barbosa das Neves
Published: December 2021

A vivência da leitura literária para crianças surdas ainda se constitui como um desafio para a educação em contexto bilíngue (Libras e Língua Portuguesa). Vários são os aspectos intervenientes para a precária realidade da presença da literatura naescola para esses sujeitos, mas alguns deles estão relacionados às condições de formação inicial dos professores e ao lugar da literatura na escola, fatores comumente presentes na realidade educacional em vários contextos. Condizente a esses pontos, é objetivo desse artigo apresentar reflexões a partir da experiência de um projeto de leitura, realizado em uma escola para surdos de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Nosso relato parte das vivênciasno projeto “Quem conta um conto...: uma viagem ao mundo da Literatura Infantil com crianças surdas” do Programa de Bolsas de Extensão (PROBEX/2018) da Pró-Reitoria dePesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (PROPEX/UFCG). Para tanto, partimos de pressupostos da Estética da Recepção sobre o leitor como co-autordos sentidos do texto e de conceitos que tratam da prática de contação para formação leitora literária. As considerações seguem na direção da necessidade de ampliação e fortalecimento da presença da literatura nesse contexto escolar, de modo que expressões e preenchimento de vazios existentes em cada um também aí possam acontecer.
O Projeto Articuladores de Leitura: uma proposta de formação de leitores na Rede Municipal de Educação de Belo Horizonte (RME-BH)
Authors: Félix Chrisley Soares , Pinheiro Marta Passos
Published: December 2021

O trabalho apresentado é fruto de um projeto de investigação de uma ação de formação de leitores no município de Belo Horizonte; para tal, além de pesquisas bibliográficas relacionadas a leitura literária, mediação de leitura e formação de leitores, foi realizado um acompahamento das ações de formação de mediadores de leitura literária bem como a efetivação de práticas institucionais de fomento à leitura literária nos espaços escolares da Rede Municipal de Educação de Belo Horizonte (RME-BH).
O ensino da leitura e escrita em língua portuguesa mediado pela literatura de cordel na E. E. M. Virgílio Távora na cidade de Barbalha-CE
Authors: Nogueira Rafaelly Carneiro dos Santos , Leite Verinha Alderina , Silva Josier Ferreira
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo pretende apresentar a importância da literatura de cordel para o ensino da leitura e escrita em língua portuguesa no ensino médio, através do relato de uma experiência metodológica exitosa realizada na E. E. M. Virgílio Távora, nacidade de Barbalha, no Cariri cearense. Referenciando-se em pesquisas de autores que utilizam os folhetos de cordel como objeto de estudo, com destaque para Melo (1982) e Galvão (2002). Recorreu-se também à legislação educacional vigente, a LDB nº9394/1996 e a atual Lei nº 13.415/2017 sobre o novo ensino médio. Na análise dos resultados,percebemos que a produção do cordel propiciou maior interação entre os escolares e foi vista como forma descontraída de ler e escrever além de aliar conhecimento ao contextocultural da cidade de Barbalha-CE.
Racial Disparities in Invasive Management for Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Rymer Jennifer A. , Li Shuang , Pun Patrick H. , Thomas Laine , Wang Tracy Y.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Due to increased risks of contrast nephropathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD) can deter consideration of invasive management for patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Black patients have a higher prevalence of CKD. Whether racial disparities exist in the use of invasive MI management for patients with CKD presenting with MI is unknown.

Methods:

We examined 717 012 White and 99 882 Black patients with MI treated from 2008 to 2017 at 914 hospitals in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Chest Pain—MI Registry. CKD status was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥90 mL/(min·1.73 m
2
; no CKD), eGFR <90 but ≥60 (mild), eGFR <60 but ≥30 (moderate), and eGFR <30 or dialysis (severe). We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the interaction of race and CKD severity in invasive MI management.

Results:

Among those with MI, Black patients were more likely than White patients to have CKD (eGFR <90; 61.4% versus 58.5%;
P
<0.001). Among those with MI and CKD, Black patients were more likely than White patients to have severe CKD (21.2% versus 12.4%;
P
<0.001). Patients with CKD were more likely than those without CKD to have diabetes or heart failure; Black patients with CKD were more likely to have these comorbidities when compared with White patients with CKD (all
P
<0.0001). Black race and CKD were associated with a lower likelihood of invasive management (adjusted odds ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.75–0.81]; adjusted odds ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.70–0.74];
P
<0.001 for both). At eGFR levels ≥10, Black patients were significantly less likely than White patients to undergo invasive management.

Conclusions:

Black patients with MI and mild or moderate CKD were less likely to undergo invasive management compared with White patients with similar CKD severity. National efforts are needed to address racial disparities that may remain in the invasive management of MI.
‘This is a Call of God … or is it?’: Narratives about Humans, God and Eschatology in the Dutch Reformed Pietist Community during the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Cinjee Tobias , Schaap-Jonker Hanneke
Published: December 2021

In this study, we examine which narratives were put forward by key figures of the Dutch reformed pietist community during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyse sermons and news articles from the period March–November 2020. We find, as expected, a dominant narrative of COVID-19 as God’s judgment, a calling to repentance and an event which emphasizes the need for prayer. Although the pandemic was seen as a call by God, the systematic origin of the virus (God/Satan/natural phenomena) remained rather ambiguous. More often it was stated that ‘everything falls under His providence’. The earthly origin of the virus remained mostly unaddressed, as well as eschatological interpretations, contrary to our expectations. We conclude that the main narrative is a general message of repentance, rather than a concrete theological application to the dynamic of the virus, its origins and its subsequent spread. In some cases, virus ‘jargon’ even was used as a tool just to further accentuate general tendencies of reformed pietist theology.
Who Are Protected by the Fundamental Guarantees under International Humanitarian Law? Part 2: Breaking with the Control Requirement in Light of the icc Case Law
Authors: van Steenberghe Raphaël
Published: December 2021

International humanitarian law provides for fundamental guarantees, the content of which is similar irrespective of the nature of the armed conflict and which apply to individuals even if they do not fall into the categories of specifically protected persons under the Geneva Conventions. Those guarantees, all of which derive from the general requirement of human treatment, include prohibitions of specific conduct against persons, such as murder, cruel treatment, torture, sexual violence, or against property, such as pillaging. However, it is traditionally held that the entitlement to those guarantees depends upon two requirements: the ‘status requirement’, which basically means that the concerned persons must not or no longer take a direct part in hostilities, and the ‘control requirement’, which basically means that the concerned persons or properties must be under the control of a party to the armed conflict. This study argues in favour of breaking with these two requirements in light of the existing icc case law. That study is divided into two parts, with each part devoted to one requirement and made the object of a specific paper. The two papers follow the same structure. They start with general observations on the requirement concerned, examine the relevant icc case law and put forward several arguments in favour of an extensive approach to the personal scope of the fundamental guarantees. The first paper, which was published in the previous issue of this journal, dealt with the status requirement. It especially delved into the icc decisions in the Ntaganda case with respect to the issue of protection against intra-party violence. It advocated the applicability of the fundamental guarantees in such a context by rejecting the requirement of a legal status, on the basis of several arguments. Those arguments relied on ihl provisions protecting specific persons as well as on the potential for humanizing ihl on the matter and also on the approach making the status requirement relevant only when the fundamental guarantees apply in the conduct of hostilities. The second paper, which is published here, deals with the control requirement. It examines several icc cases in detail, including the Katanga and Ntaganda cases, in relation to the issue of the applicability of the fundamental guarantees in the conduct of hostilities. It is argued that the entitlement to those guarantees is not dependent upon any general control requirement, and that, as a result, some of these guarantees may apply in the conduct of hostilities. This concerns mainly those guarantees whose application or constitutive elements do not imply any physical control over the concerned persons or properties.
The European Union as a Security Actor in the Sahel
Authors: Plank Friedrich , Bergmann Julian
Published: December 2021

In the past decade, the EU has significantly stepped up its profile as a security actor in the Sahel. Drawing on historical institutionalism, we conceptualise path-dependencies and lock-in effects as elements of a “foreign policy entrapment” spiral to analyse the EU’s policies towards the Sahel. Specifically, we seek to explain the EU’s increasingly widened and deepened engagement in the region. Hence, this article traces the evolution of the EU’s Sahel policy both in discourse and implementation. We identify a predominant security narrative as well as a regionalisation narrative and show that EU action has followed these narratives. Based on this analysis, we argue that the evolution of the EU’s Sahel policy can be understood as a case of “foreign policy entrapment”. Initial decisions on the overall direction of EU foreign policy have created strong path-dependencies and lock-in effects that make it difficult for EU policy-makers to change the policy course.
Introduction: Weathering the Storm?
Authors: Grimmel Andreas , Strasheim Julia
Published: December 2021

Promoting peace and security in Europe, its neighbourhood, and in the world, is at the heart of how the European Union (EU) understands itself and its global political role. In recent years, however, both the tangible role of the EU in fostering peace beyond its borders and the Union’s famous image as a ‘normative power’ have met substantial challenges. The challenges, which fundamentally alter the context in which the EU supports peace and security, include EU-internal factors, such as democratic backsliding in some member states, electoral success of populist far right parties, or disagreements over migration. They also include external factors, notably the unravelling transatlantic relationship under President Trump or the rise of China in the peace and security domain. This article introduces the special issue ‘Weathering the Storm? The EU as a Global Peace and Security Actor in Turbulent Times’. It first discusses the numerous tests the EU faces in fostering peace beyond its borders, and how past research has evaluated and interpreted the effect of these challenges on EU foreign policy. It then outlines two interrelated shortcomings of past research: an ‘EU navel-gazing’ and focus on how EU policies come into being in Brussels, rather than studying how these policies are implemented ‘on the ground’ – coupled with a lack of interdisciplinary conceptual and empirical debate between peace and conflict research and European Studies. Finally, it discusses how the articles that make up this special issue help to address these shortcomings and how they contribute to the current trend in blurring the lines between domestic and international politics.
Investment Arbitration and the Chimera of an Ideal Adjudicative Community
Authors: Dias Simões Fernando
Published: December 2021

Investment arbitrators – the men and women who adjudicate investor-State disputes – have become an object of study in their own right. Some stakeholders believe that investment arbitration’s institutional design creates perverse economic incentives, leading arbitrators to adopt strategic behaviours and biasing their decision-making processes. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law is currently considering different models for reshaping the way adjudicators are selected and appointed. The rationale behind this reform seems to be to recruit a brand-new troupe, replete with new faces. But, more worryingly, there seems to be an obsession with the professional profile of adjudicators: prior experience in the field is increasingly perceived as a handicap, and repeat players are to be avoided like the plague. This article examines the evolution of the college of investment arbitrators and enquires about its potential future as a professional community.
Host States’ Due Diligence Obligation Towards Foreign Investors in the Context of Rebellions and Civil Wars
Authors: Dumberry Patrick
Published: December 2021

Based on an analysis of State practice and case law, this article examines one basic principle of international law embodied in Article 10 of the International Law Commission’s Articles on State responsibility. In the context of an unsuccessful insurrection or civil war, the host State is responsible for its own failure to discharge its due diligence obligation to protect foreign investors in relation to acts committed by rebels, i.e. to make all efforts within its capacity to suppress an insurrection and to take all reasonable measures to prevent injurious conduct by rebels and damages from occurring. This article examines the scope and content of this ‘duty to protect’ obligation, the applicable ‘test’ and the relevant circumstances to determine whether any breach of the obligation has been committed in light of recent investment awards analysing the full protection and security clause in the context of Libya’s civil war.
The Law on State Responsibility and the World Trade Organization
Authors: Ventouratou Anna
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the role of general international law in the World Trade Organization (WTO) regime, using the rules on state responsibility as a case study. It identifies and discusses instances in WTO case law where such rules were applied directly or were taken into consideration in interpreting relevant WTO provisions. The analysis demonstrates that direct application of general international law for the determination of indispensable matters not regulated by the WTO Agreements is part of the inherent powers of WTO adjudicative bodies. Moreover, under Article 3(2) Dispute Settlement Understanding and Article 31(3)(c) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, WTO adjudicative bodies have an obligation to take into account general international law in interpreting relevant WTO provisions. The paper delineates the methodology for assessing the interaction between general international law and WTO law and highlights the importance of adhering to this methodology to provide clarity and legal certainty regarding the scope and content of WTO obligations.
Deepfakes in International Arbitration: How Should Tribunals Treat Video Evidence and Allegations of Technological Tampering?
Authors: Burgstaller Markus , Macpherson Scott
Published: December 2021

Deepfakes can be described as videos of people doing and saying things that they have not done or said. Their potential use in international arbitration leads to two competing threats. Tribunals may be conscious of the difficulties in proving that a deepfake is, in fact, fake. If the ‘clear and convincing evidence’ standard of proof is applied, it may be very difficult, if not impossible, to prove that a sophisticated deepfake is fake. However, the burgeoning awareness of deepfakes may render tribunals less inclined to believe what they see on video even in circumstances in which the video before it is real. This may encourage parties to seek to deny legitimate video evidence as a deepfake. The ‘balance of probabilities’ standard, while not perfect, would appear to address this concern. In order to properly assess deepfakes, tribunals should apply this standard while assessing both technical and circumstantial evidence holistically.