bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeted Delivery of Electrical Shocks and Epinephrine, Guided by Ventricular Fibrillation Amplitude Spectral Area, Reduces Electrical and Adrenergic Myocardial Burden, Improving Survival in Swine
Authors: Aiello Salvatore R. , Mendelson Jenna B. , Baetiong Alvin , Radhakrishnan Jeejabai , Gazmuri Raúl J.
Published: November 2021

Background

We previously reported that resuscitation delivering electrical shocks guided by real‐time ventricular fibrillation amplitude spectral area (AMSA) enabled return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) with fewer shocks, resulting in less myocardial dysfunction. We now hypothesized that AMSA could also guide delivery of epinephrine, expecting further outcome improvement consequent to less electrical and adrenergic burdens.

Methods and Results

A swine model of ventricular fibrillation was used to compare after 10 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation a guidelines‐driven (n=8) resuscitation protocol, delivering shocks every 2 minutes and epinephrine every 4 minutes, with an AMSA‐driven shocks (n=8) protocol, delivering epinephrine every 4 minutes, and with an AMSA‐driven shocks and epinephrine (ADSE; n=8) protocol. For guidelines‐driven, AMSA‐driven shocks, and ADSE protocols, the time to ROSC (mean±SD) was 569±164, 410±111, and 400±80 seconds (
P
=0.045); the number of shocks (mean±SD) was 5±2, 3±1, and 3±2 (
P
=0.024) with ADSE fewer than guidelines‐driven (
P
=0.03); and the doses of epinephrine (median [interquartile range]) were 2.0 (1.3–3.0), 1.0 (1.0–2.8), and 1.0 (0.3–3.0) (
P
=0.419). The ROSC rate was similar, yet survival after ROSC favored AMSA‐driven protocols (guidelines‐driven, 3/6; AMSA‐driven shocks, 6/6; and ADSE, 7/7;
P
=0.019 by log‐rank test). Left ventricular function and survival after ROSC correlated inversely with electrical burden (ie, cumulative unsuccessful shocks, J/kg;
P
=0.020 and
P
=0.046) and adrenergic burden (ie, total epinephrine doses, mg/kg;
P
=0.042 and
P
=0.002).

Conclusions

Despite similar ROSC rates achieved with all 3 protocols, AMSA‐driven shocks and ADSE resulted in less postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction and better survival, attributed to attaining ROSC with less electrical and adrenergic myocardial burdens.
Historicising European Integration History
Authors: Gilbert Mark
Published: November 2021

The story of European integration has been transformed by recent scholarship, from a heroic and progressive narrative towards a more nuanced version emphasising interaction between individuals, institutions and Member States – with no pre-defined trajectory. This article reviews the key works which have reshaped the historiography of European integration
Implementation of web-based open-source radiotherapy delineation software (WORDS) in organs at risk contouring training for newly qualified radiotherapists: quantitative comparison with conventional one-to-one coaching approach
Authors: Yuen Adams Hei Long , Li Alex Kai Leung , Mak Philip Chung Yin , Leung Hin Lap
Published: November 2021

Background

Due to the role expansion of radiotherapists in dosimetric aspect, radiotherapists have taken up organs at risk (OARs) contouring work in many clinical settings. However, training of newly qualified radiotherapists in OARs contouring can be time consuming, it may also cause extra burden to experienced radiotherapists. As web-based open-source radiotherapy delineation software (WORDS) has become more readily available, it has provided a free and interactive alternative to conventional one-to-one coaching approach during OARs contouring training. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of WORDS in training OARs contouring skills of newly qualified radiotherapists, compared to those trained by conventional one-to-one coaching approach.

Methods

Nine newly qualified radiotherapists (licensed in 2017 – 2018) were enrolled to the conventional one-to-one coaching group (control group), while 11 newly qualified radiotherapists (licensed in 2019 – 2021) were assigned to WORDS training group (measured group). Ten OARs were selected to be contoured in this 3-phases quantitative study. Participants were required to undergo phase 1 OARs contouring in the beginning of the training session. Afterwards, conventional one-to-one training or WORDS training session was provided to participants according to their assigned group. Then the participants did phase 2 and 3 OARs contouring which were separated 1 week apart. Phase 1 – 3 OARs contouring aimed to demonstrate participants’ pre-training OARs contouring ability, post-training OARs contouring ability and knowledge retention after one-week interval respectively using either training approach. To prevent bias, the computed tomography dataset for OARs contouring in each phase were different. Variations in the contouring scores for the selected OARs were evaluated between 3 phases using Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn tests for pairwise comparisons. Variations in the contouring scores between control and measured group in phase 1 – 3 contouring were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

In both control group and measured group, significant improvement (p < 0.05) in phase 2 and 3 contouring scores have been observed comparing to phase 1 contouring scores. In comparison of contouring scores between control group and measured group, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in all OARs between both groups.

Conclusions

The results in this study have demonstrated that the outcome of OARs contouring training using WORDS is comparable to the conventional training approach. In addition, WORDS can offer flexibility to newly qualified radiotherapists to practice OARs contouring at will, as well as reduce staff training burden of experienced radiotherapists.
Genotype diversity of Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae in Chinese swine herds based on multilocus sequence typing
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Yuanyuan , Gao Lu , Wang Yan , Wei Rong
Published: November 2021

Background

Between 2018 and 2020, 989 clinical specimens from pigs showing clinical signs of a variety of swine diseases in 27 provinces in China were sampled and submitted for further testing. Nested PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and subsequent sequencing were used to analyse these specimens. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-positive samples were assayed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The aim of the study was to reveal the distribution of M. hyopneumoniae and determine the genotypes of M. hyopneumoniae in pig herds in China based on MLST.

Results

Among these 989 samples, 199 samples were M. hyopneumoniae-positive. The M. hyopneumoniae positivity rate was 7.2% (35/494) in 2018, 18.4% (38/207) in 2019, and 43.8% (126/288) in 2020. In total, 47 samples were successfully assayed by MLST. Sixteen new M. hyopneumoniae sequence types from 9 provinces were recorded in the present study.

Conclusions

This is the first report on sample positivity rates and molecular typing results for M. hyopneumoniae in swine herds in China. MLST has revealed high genotype diversity among M. hyopneumoniae from different provinces of China.
The association of parental involvement with adolescents’ well-being in Oman: evidence from the 2015 Global School Health Survey
Authors: Baig Tehniyat , Ganesan Gowrii S. , Ibrahim Hania , Yousuf Wajiha , Mahfoud Ziyad R.
Published: November 2021

Background

The parent-adolescent relationship plays a key role in adolescent development, including behaviour, physical health, and mental health outcomes. Studies on the parental factors that contribute to an adolescent’s dietary habits, exercise, mental health, physical harm and substance use are limited in the Middle East and North Africa region, with none in Oman. This study aims to investigate the association between parental involvement and adolescent well-being in Oman.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from the 2015 Global School Health Survey for Oman was analysed. The dataset consisted of 3468 adolescents. Adolescents reported on their parental involvement (checking to see if they did their homework, understanding their problems, knowing what they are doing in their free time and not going through their things without permission). Parental involvement was scored on a 20-point scale. Associations with the following dependent variables: nutrition, exercise, hygiene, physical harm, bullying, substance use, tobacco use and mental health well-being were done using Spearman’s correlations, linear and logistic regressions.

Results

The surveyed population was 48% male, 65% aged 15 to 17 years old and 5% reported that they “most of the time or always” went hungry. Parental involvement was positively correlated with each of the dependent variables. Adolescents with higher parental involvement had significantly higher odds of good nutrition (1.391), hygiene (1.823) and exercise (1.531) and lower odds of physical harm (0.648), being bullied (0.628), poor mental health (0.415), tobacco use (0.496) and substance use (0.229).

Conclusions

Parental involvement plays a positive role in all aspects of adolescents’ well-being in Oman. Awareness campaigns and interventions aimed to help improve the well-being of adolescents should incorporate such positive role in their designs.
Inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity promotes anterograde axonal transport and presynaptic targeting of α-synuclein
Authors: Brzozowski Charlotte F. , Hijaz Baraa A. , Singh Vijay , Gcwensa Nolwazi Z. , Kelly Kaela , Boyden Edward S. , West Andrew B. , Sarkar Deblina , Volpicelli-Daley Laura A.
Published: November 2021

Pathologic inclusions composed of α-synuclein called Lewy pathology are hallmarks of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Dominant inherited mutations in leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common genetic cause of PD. Lewy pathology is found in the majority of individuals with LRRK2-PD, particularly those with the G2019S-LRRK2 mutation. Lewy pathology in LRRK2-PD associates with increased non-motor symptoms such as cognitive deficits, anxiety, and orthostatic hypotension. Thus, understanding the relationship between LRRK2 and α-synuclein could be important for determining the mechanisms of non-motor symptoms. In PD models, expression of mutant LRRK2 reduces membrane localization of α-synuclein, and enhances formation of pathologic α-synuclein, particularly when synaptic activity is increased. α-Synuclein and LRRK2 both localize to the presynaptic terminal. LRRK2 plays a role in membrane traffic, including axonal transport, and therefore may influence α-synuclein synaptic localization. This study shows that LRRK2 kinase activity influences α-synuclein targeting to the presynaptic terminal. We used the selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitors, MLi-2 and PF-06685360 (PF-360) to determine the impact of reduced LRRK2 kinase activity on presynaptic localization of α-synuclein. Expansion microscopy (ExM) in primary hippocampal cultures and the mouse striatum, in vivo, was used to more precisely resolve the presynaptic localization of α-synuclein. Live imaging of axonal transport of α-synuclein-GFP was used to investigate the impact of LRRK2 kinase inhibition on α-synuclein axonal transport towards the presynaptic terminal. Reduced LRRK2 kinase activity increases α-synuclein overlap with presynaptic markers in primary neurons, and increases anterograde axonal transport of α-synuclein-GFP. In vivo, LRRK2 inhibition increases α-synuclein overlap with glutamatergic, cortico-striatal terminals, and dopaminergic nigral-striatal presynaptic terminals. The findings suggest that LRRK2 kinase activity plays a role in axonal transport, and presynaptic targeting of α-synuclein. These data provide potential mechanisms by which LRRK2-mediated perturbations of α-synuclein localization could cause pathology in both LRRK2-PD, and idiopathic PD.
Effect of biochemical and biomechanical factors on vascularization of kidney organoid-on-a-chip
Authors: Lee Han Na , Choi Yoon Young , Kim Jin Won , Lee Young Seo , Choi Ji Wook , Kang Taewook , Kim Yong Kyun , Chung Bong Guen
Published: November 2021

Kidney organoids derived from the human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulating human kidney are the attractive tool for kidney regeneration, disease modeling, and drug screening. However, the kidney organoids cultured by static conditions have the limited vascular networks and immature nephron-like structures unlike human kidney. Here, we developed a kidney organoid-on-a-chip system providing fluidic flow mimicking shear stress with optimized extracellular matrix (ECM) conditions. We demonstrated that the kidney organoids cultured in our microfluidic system showed more matured podocytes and vascular structures as compared to the static culture condition. Additionally, the kidney organoids cultured in microfluidic systems showed higher sensitivity to nephrotoxic drugs as compared with those cultured in static conditions. We also demonstrated that the physiological flow played an important role in maintaining a number of physiological functions of kidney organoids. Therefore, our kidney organoid-on-a-chip system could provide an organoid culture platform for in vitro vascularization in formation of functional three-dimensional (3D) tissues.
Non-cancer to anti-cancer: investigation of human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channel inhibitors as potential therapeutics
Authors: Patil Vaishali M. , Gaurav Anand , Garg Priyanka , Masand Neeraj
Published: November 2021

Background

The expression of hERG K+ channels is observed in various cancer cells including epithelial, neuronal, leukemic, and connective tissue. The role of hERG potassium channels in regulating the growth and death of cancer cells include cell proliferation, survival, secretion of proangiogenic factors, invasiveness, and metastasis.

Methods

In the reported study, an attempt has been made to investigate some non-cancer hERG blockers as potential cancer therapeutics using a computational drug repurposing strategy. Preliminary investigation for hERG blockers/non-blockers has identified 26 potential clinically approved compounds for further studies using molecular modeling.

Results

The interactions at the binding pockets have been investigated along with the prioritization based on the binding score. Some of the identified potential hERG inhibitors, i.e., Bromocriptine, Darglitazone, and Troglitazone, have been investigated to derive the mechanism of cancer inhibition.

Conclusions

The proposed mechanism for anti-cancer properties via hERG blocking for some of the potential compounds is required to be explored using other experimental methodologies. The drug repurposing approach applied to investigate anti-cancer therapeutics may direct to provide a therapeutic solution to late-stage cancer and benefit a significant population of patients.
Σημειώσεις πάνω στην Κυβερνοθετική
Authors: Κυριακόπουλος Λέανδρος
Published: November 2021

Σημειώσεις πάνω στην Κυβερνοθετική
The Buck-Passing Game
Authors: Cominetti Roberto , Quattropani Matteo , Scarsini Marco
Published: November 2021

We consider two classes of games in which players are the vertices of a directed graph. Initially, nature chooses one player according to some fixed distribution and gives the player a buck. This player passes the buck to one of the player’s out-neighbors in the graph. The procedure is repeated indefinitely. In one class of games, each player wants to minimize the asymptotic expected frequency of times that the player receives the buck. In the other class of games, the player wants to maximize it. The PageRank game is a particular case of these maximizing games. We consider deterministic and stochastic versions of the game, depending on how players select the neighbor to which to pass the buck. In both cases, we prove the existence of pure equilibria that do not depend on the initial distribution; this is achieved by showing the existence of a generalized ordinal potential. If the graph on which the game is played admits a Hamiltonian cycle, then this is the outcome of prior-free Nash equilibrium in the minimizing game. For the minimizing game, we then use the price of anarchy and stability to measure fairness of these equilibria.
Patient social functioning in acute mental health inpatient wards: the role of emotional regulation, attachment styles and nurse–patient relationships
Authors: Wainwright Laura D , Berry Katherine , Dunster-Page Charlotte , Haddock Gillian
Published: November 2021

Background/aims

Improvement in social functioning is an important aspect of recovery from severe mental health problems. Nurses on acute mental health wards play an important role in facilitating this recovery. Therefore, it is important to explore potential predictors of social functioning and the quality of nurse–patient relationships. The aim of this study was to explore associations between patient social functioning, nurse–patient therapeutic alliances, emotional regulation, attachment style and nurse distress in acute mental health settings.

Methods:

A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional approach with correlational and regression analyses was used for this study. A total of 50 nurse–patient dyads in acute mental health inpatient wards across four NHS trusts in the north-west of England took part. Patients and nurses completed questionnaires regarding demographic information, emotional regulation, attachment style and alliance. Nurses also rated patient social functioning and their own distress.

Results

The patient anxious attachment style was associated with difficulties in regulating emotions. Patient emotional regulation, patient insecure attachment and the patient-rated alliance predicted nurse-rated patient social functioning. Nurse emotion regulation, nurse insecure attachment style and nurse-rated alliance did not significantly predict nurse-rated patient social functioning and correlations were non-significant. Nurse distress was associated with nurse emotion regulation, nurse anxious attachment and nurse-rated alliance. These factors significantly predicted nurse distress.

Conclusions:

Patient social functioning is predicted by emotion regulation, attachment and alliance. Similarly, nurse distress is predicted by nurse emotion regulation, attachment style and alliance. Interventions targeting emotion regulation or attachment-informed wards would be beneficial.
Remote excitation between quantum emitters mediated by an optical Fano resonance
Authors: Yu Yi , Delgoffe Antoine Maxime , Miranda Alessio , Lyasota Alexey , Dwir Benjamin , Rudra Alok , Kapon Eli
Published: November 2021

Remote coupling between quantum emitters is of great importance for constructing quantum networks. Conventionally, this can be achieved via photon exchange by incorporating the quantum emitters in a waveguide or a large cavity. However, such photonic structures suffer from low quality-factors or large mode volumes, limiting the efficiency of light–matter interaction. Here, we demonstrate remote coupling between two site-controlled semiconductor quantum dot emitters mediated by an optical Fano resonance induced by coupling cavity modes via a continuum waveguide state. Unlike ordinary coupled modes, the Fano mode offers both a spatially extended field and a high local density of optical states at the emitters, enhancing light–matter interaction. This coupling scheme allows the demonstration of mutual excitation between two quantum dots separated in space by

>

17

wavelengths. Our approach holds promise for achieving long-distance interaction without compromising interaction efficiency, which is essential for scaling up on-chip integration of quantum networks based on solid-state quantum emitters.
Hydroxynonenal causes Langerhans cell degeneration in the pancreas of Japanese macaque monkeys
Authors: Boontem Piyakarn , Yamashima Tetsumori
Published: November 2021

Background

For their functions of insulin biosynthesis and glucose- and fatty acid- mediated insulin secretion, Langerhans β-cells require an intracellular milieu rich in oxygen. This requirement makes β-cells, with their constitutively low antioxidative defense, susceptible to the oxidative stress. Although much progress has been made in identifying its molecular basis in experimental systems, whether the oxidative stress due to excessive fatty acids plays a crucial role in the Langerhans cell degeneration in primates is still debated.

Methods

Focusing on Hsp70.1, which has dual functions as molecular chaperone and lysosomal stabilizer, the mechanism of lipotoxicity to Langerhans cells was studied using macaque monkeys after the consecutive injections of the lipid peroxidation product ‘hydroxynonenal’. Based on the ‘calpain-cathepsin hypothesis’ formulated in 1998, calpain activation, Hsp70.1 cleavage, and lysosomal integrity were studied by immunofluorescence histochemistry, electron microscopy, and Western blotting.

Results

Light microscopy showed more abundant vacuole formation in the hydroxynonenal-treated islet cells than the control cells. Electron microscopy showed that vacuolar changes, which were identified as enlarged rough ER, occurred mainly in β-cells followed by δ-cells. Intriguingly, both cell types showed a marked decrease in insulin and somatostatin granules. Furthermore, they exhibited marked increases in peroxisomes, autophagosomes/autolysosomes, lysosomal and peroxisomal membrane rupture/permeabilization, and mitochondrial degeneration. Disrupted peroxisomes were often localized in the close vicinity of degenerating mitochondria or autolysosomes. Immunofluorescence histochemical analysis showed an increased co-localization of activated μ-calpain and Hsp70.1 with the extralysosomal release of cathepsin B. Western blotting showed increases in μ-calpain activation, Hsp70.1 cleavage, and expression of the hydroxynonenal receptor GPR109A.

Conclusions

Taken together, these data implicate hydroxynonenal in both oxidation of Hsp70.1 and activation of μ-calpain. The calpain-mediated cleavage of the carbonylated Hsp70.1, may cause lysosomal membrane rupture/permeabilization. The low defense of primate Langerhans cells against hydroxynonenal and peroxisomally-generated hydrogen peroxide, was presumably overwhelmed to facilitate cell degeneration.
Contribution of “complete response to treatment” to survival in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Bulut Gulcan , Guner Oytun Merve , Almuradova Elvina , Harman Mustafa , Uslu Ruchan , Karabulut Bulent
Published: November 2021

Background

The aim of the study is to reveal the contribution of complete response (CR) to treatment to overall survival (OS) in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. In addition, to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) in patients who attained CR to treatment and to examine the clinicopathologic features of the patient group with CR.

Methods

This article is a retrospective chart review. Patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer were divided into two groups. The systemic treatment was compared with the patients who received a full response according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST1.1) and those who did not attain CR (progression partial response and stable response) in terms of both PFS and OS data, and the effect of attaining CR to treatment on prognosis was evaluated.

Results

A total of 222 patients were included in the study. 202 of 222 patients could be evaluated in terms of complete response. All data from their files were tabulated and analyzed retrospectively. The mean age of diagnosis of the study group was 60.13 ± 12.52 years. The total number of patients who attained CR to treatment was 31 (15.3%); 171 (84.6%) patients did not attain CR. Patients who had a CR had longer median PFS times than patients who did not have a CR (15.2 vs. 7.4 months, P<0.001). Patients who had CR had longer median survival times than patients who did not have a CR (39.2 vs. 16.9 months, P<0.001). In subgroup patients who underwent primary surgery, the number of patients who attained CR was statistically higher compared with the number of patients who did not attain CR (p<0.001). Complete response was less common in the presence of liver metastasis and bone metastasis (p = 0.041 and p = 0.046, respectively), had a negative prognostic effect. In other words, 89.1% of patients with liver metastasis, 100.0% of patients with bone metastasis, and 88.7% of those who died did not have a CR to the treatment. According to multivariate analysis, CR to treatment, primary surgery, first-line chemotherapy (combination compared with fluoropyrimidine), and no bone metastasis were found to be predictors for OS.

Conclusion

Providing CR with systemic treatment in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) contributes to prognosis. The primary resection in our secondary acquisitions from the study, the number of metastatic regions and the combination therapy regimens also contributed to the prognosis.
The role of positively charge poly-L-lysine in the formation of high yield gold nanoplates on the surface for plasmonic sensing application
Authors: Morsin Marlia , Nafisah Suratun , Sanudin Rahmat , Razali Nur Liyana , Mahmud Farhanahani , Soon Chin Fhong
Published: November 2021

An anisotropic structure, gold (Au) nanoplates was synthesized using a two-step wet chemical seed mediated growth method (SMGM) directly on the substrate surface. Prior to the synthesis process, poly-l-lysine (PLL) as a cation polymer was used to enhance the yield of grown Au nanoplates. The electrostatic interaction of positive charged by PLL with negative charges from citrate-capped gold nanoseeds contributes to the yield increment. The percentage of PLL was varied from 0% to 10% to study the morphology of Au nanoplates in term of shape, size and surface density. 5% PLL with single layer treatment produce a variety of plate shapes such as hexagonal, flat rod and triangular obtained over the whole substrate surface with the estimated maximum yield up to ca. 48%. The high yield of Au nanoplates exhibit dual plasmonic peaks response that are associated with transverse and longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (TSPR and LSPR). Then, the PLL treatment process was repeated twice resulting the increment of Au nanoplates products to ca. 60%. The thin film Au nanoplates was further used as sensing materials in plasmonic sensor for detection of boric acid. The anisotropic Au nanoplates have four sensing parameters being monitored when the medium changes, which are peak position (wavelength shift), intensity of TSPR and LSPR, and the changes on sensing responses. The sensor responses are based on the interaction of light with dielectric properties from surrounding medium. The resonance effect produces by a collection of electron vibration on the Au nanoparticles surface after hit by light are captured as the responses. As a conclusion, it was found that the PLL treatment is capable to promote high yield of Au nanoplates. Moreover, the high yield of the Au nanoplates is an indication as excellent candidate for sensing material in plasmonic sensor.
Literasi Keagamaan Generasi Milenial Indonesia: Tantangan Masa Depan Bangsa
Authors:   Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia, Yusuf Choirul Fuad
Published: November 2021

Literasi keagamaan merupakan unsur sangat penting dalam kehidupan sosial-keagamaan masyarakat khususnya, dan kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara umumnya. Studi-studi sosologi agama dan pembangunan tentang hubungan literasi keagamaan dengan efektivitas pembangunan di berbagai negara multireligi dan multikultural memperlihatkan bahwa literasi keagamaan merupakan faktor pendorong (driving force) bahkan penentu keberhasilan pembangunan yang bermakna. Orasi bertujuan menggambarkan dan menjelaskan urgensinya literasi keagamaan bagi generasi milenial Indonesia. Dalam studinya, penulis menggaris-bawahi bahwa literasi keagamaan generasi milenial yang merupakan bagian terbesar (70% lebih dari total penduduk Indonesia) pada tahun 2020 memperlihatkan kondisi yang memprihatinkan dan menuntut pembinaan intensif dan integratif. Keterpaparan generasi milenial oleh faham keagamaan ekstrim, keterlibatan aktif dalam gerakan-gerakan keras dan tindakan terorisme, hingga menjadi pelaku yang mengarah pada bentuk prilaku intoleran terhadap pemeluk agama berbeda merupakan fakta nyata yang terjadi hingga dua dekade terakhir ini. Implikasi politisnya, diperlukan perhatian khusus dan serius oleh semua pihak. Pemerintah dan masyarakat secara integratif dan intensif perlu mengembangkan tingkat literasi keagamaan dengan cara mengembangkan kesadaran dan pemahaman tentang fungsi praktis ajaran agama bagi kepentingan sosial-politik yang lebih luas dalam penciptaan stabilitas nasional sebagai prasyarat efektivitas pembangunan. Dalam orasi ini, direkomendasikan bahwa penguatan literasi keagamaan hendaknya dilakukan secara integratif melalui berbagai pendekatan—politik, ekonomi, budaya, dan agama itu sendiri. Pendidikan agama—baik formal, nonfomal, maupun informal di keluarga hendaknya tidak semata diorientasikan pada penguasaan materi scara intelektual, namun hal lebih penting adalah dioreintasikan pada penguatan dan pengayaan praktek ajaran dalam konteks kepentingan sosial yang lebih manausiawi dan universal. Metodik pembelajaran indoktrinatif tidak lagi mejadi pilihan paling tepat.
Liturgical Anthropology
Authors: Cockayne Joshua , Salter Gideon
Published: November 2021

According to recent accounts of so called “liturgical anthropology,” human beings are ritual creatures shaped more by what they feel than what they think. This is because the liturgies that make up our daily lives orient our desires towards certain goals and visions of the good life. We seek to expand this vision of liturgical anthropology by offering a critique of a predominantly affective vision of human development in which liturgy shapes primarily what we love. Drawing insights from developmental psychology, we argue that affect and cognition and intertwined throughout development, each reinforcing the other. Instead of attempting to artificially separate cognition and affect, then, we offer a vision of liturgical anthropology that is holistic, paying attention to the ways in which both our desires and beliefs are shaped by participation in liturgies, whether these be religious or otherwise. Finally, we argue that the psychological concept of “joint attention” can provide a helpful focal point for establishing why liturgy and ritual is so formative for human development.
Telehealth Treatment of Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder in a Partial Hospital Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Safety, Patient Satisfaction, and Effectiveness of In-Person Treatment
Authors: Zimmerman Mark , Ward Madeline , D'Avanzato Catherine , Tirpak Julianne Wilner
Published: November 2021

There are no studies of the safety and effectiveness of telehealth psychiatric treatment of partial hospital level of care, in general, and for borderline personality disorder (BPD) in particular. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, the authors compared the effectiveness of their partial hospital treatment program in treating patients with BPD. For both the in-person and telehealth partial hospital level of care, patients with BPD were highly satisfied with treatment and reported a significant reduction in symptoms from admission to discharge. Both groups reported a significant improvement in functioning, coping ability, positive mental health, and general well-being. A large effect size of treatment was found in both treatment groups. No patients attempted suicide. Telehealth partial hospital treatment was as effective as in-person treatment in terms of patient satisfaction, symptom reduction, and improved functioning and well-being for patients with BPD.
Sharing Happy Stories Increases Interpersonal Closeness: Interpersonal Brain Synchronization as a Neural Indicator
Authors: Xie Enhui , Yin Qing , Li Keshuang , Nastase Samuel A. , Zhang Ruqian , Wang Ning , Li Xianchun
Published: November 2021

Our lives revolve around sharing emotional stories (i.e., happy and sad stories) with other people. Such emotional communication enhances the similarity of story comprehension and neural across speaker-listener pairs. The theory of Emotions as Social Information Model (EASI) suggests that such emotional communication may influence interpersonal closeness. However, few studies have examined speaker-listener interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS) during emotional communication and whether it is associated with meaningful aspects of the speaker-listener interpersonal relationship. Here, one speaker watched emotional videos and communicated the content of the videos to 32 people as listeners (happy/sad/neutral group). Both speaker and listeners’ neural activities were recorded using EEG. After listening, we assessed the interpersonal closeness between the speaker and listeners. Compared with the sad group, sharing happy stories showed a better recall quality and a higher rating of interpersonal closeness. The happy group showed higher IBS in the frontal cortex and left temporoparietal cortex than the sad group. The relationship between frontal IBS and interpersonal closeness was moderated by sharing happy/sad stories. Exploratory analysis using support vector regression (SVR) showed that the IBS could also predict the ratings of interpersonal closeness. These results suggest that frontal IBS could serve as an indicator of whether sharing emotional stories facilitate interpersonal closeness. These findings improve our understanding of emotional communication among individuals that guides behaviors during interpersonal interactions.
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Selectively Drive Coordinated Motor Learning in Mice
Authors: Li Yue , Hollis Edmund
Published: November 2021

Motor control requires precise temporal and spatial encoding across distinct motor centers that is refined through the repetition of learning. The recruitment of motor regions requires modulatory input to shape circuit activity. Here, we identify a role for the baso-cortical cholinergic pathway in the acquisition of a coordinated motor skill in mice. Targeted depletion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons results in significant impairments in training on the rotarod task of coordinated movement. Cholinergic neuromodulation is required during training sessions as chemogenetic inactivation of cholinergic neurons also impairs task acquisition. Rotarod learning is known to drive refinement of corticostriatal neurons arising in both medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and motor cortex, and we have found that cholinergic input to both motor regions is required for task acquisition. Critically, the effects of cholinergic neuromodulation are restricted to the acquisition stage, as depletion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons after learning does not affect task execution. Our results indicate a critical role for cholinergic neuromodulation of distant cortical motor centers during coordinated motor learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAcetylcholine release from basal forebrain cholinergic neuron terminals rapidly modulates neuronal excitability, circuit dynamics, and cortical coding; all processes required for processing complex sensory information, cognition, and attention. We found that depletion or transient silencing of cholinergic inputs to anatomically isolated motor areas, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and motor cortex, selectively led to significant impairments on coordinated motor learning; disrupting this baso-cortical network after acquisition elicited no effect on task execution. Our results indicate a pivotal role for cholinergic neuromodulation of distant cortical motor centers during coordinated motor learning. These findings support the concept that cognitive components (such as attention) are indispensable in the adjustment of motor output and training-induced improvements in motor performance.
A Yonsei’s
Heritage Language Learning Journey
Authors: Tanemura Kenneth
Published: November 2021

This autoethnography chronicles my journey of learning Japanese as a heritage language (HL). Scholarship on Japanese HL learning has explored the challenges of HL learning for Japanese and Japanese Americans (JAs); however, little research was conducted on late-generation (third, fourth) JA learners, and particularly on “receptive learners.” 2 This autoethnography addresses these gaps by answering the question: what external (historical, societal) or internal (ethnic identity) factors influenced the loss or motivation to relearn my HL in the autoethnographer, a late-generation JA? Data were collected from my literacy narrative and pedagogical artifacts (e.g., journals, quizzes and assignments, etc.) from the Japanese as a Foreign Language (JFL) courses I took, and analyzed thematically for influential factors and motivation patterns. Findings reveal that (1) racism and internment (as the historical and societal factors) and shame and the aspiration to reconnect with the heritage culture (as the internal factors) influenced my longitudinal course of learning Japanese; and (2) what motivated a late-generation JA to study my HL is not for professional reasons, as claimed in previous research, but to heal from a conflicted legacy and the desire to communicate orally with members of the heritage culture. However, my effort to realize these goals was thwarted by the curricular design of the JFL courses, which focused primarily on orthographic practices and insufficiently on oral proficiency, raising legitimate questions about the pedagogical appropriateness of JFL courses for HL learners.
The analysis of teachers’ professional competence in utilizing information and communication technology
Authors: Abkarin Noven Aquilla
Published: November 2021

This study is about the utilization of ICT in classroom learning to develop teacher’s professional competence. Nowadays, COVID-19 pandemic has already spread around the world. It brings bad impacts on many sectors, especially the education sector. Based on the issue, this study aims to investigate teacher’s familiarity with the use of ICT, to find out teachers’ professional competence in utilizing ICT in classroom learning, and to obtain supporting and inhibiting factors of teachers’ professional competence in utilizing ICT. A qualitative approach was used as a method of this study. Data collection was conducted by distributing questionnaires, carrying out structured interviews, and documentation addressed to ten respondents consisting of English teachers from three schools in Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia. This study reveals that ten teachers were familiar with using ICT in classroom learning. They claimed that the use of ICT can help their works in the teaching and learning process. Second, the teacher’s professional competence can improve ICT utilization in teaching and learning classrooms. The use of ICT also can improve teachers’ professional competence because ICT usage is easier and more effective to deliver materials. Third, some supporting factors of the use of ICT were found in this study. They were making teaching and learning process easier, increasing students’ motivation, and improving teachers’ professional competence. The use of ICT also could make teachers easily take part in this digital era.
Pre-service EFL teachers’ perception on technology-based formative assessment in their teaching practicum
Authors: Prastikawati Entika Fani
Published: November 2021

The spread of the pandemic COVID-19 has made many changes in educational policy such as the assessment in English teaching and learning process. The process and procedures in the assessment need to be adjusted from face-to-face assessment into blended and online assessments. Not only English teachers, pre-service EFL teachers are also required to be ready and adapt to the changes quickly. To adapt it, the integration of technology in the assessment process has been examined. However, the involvement of technology in the area of formative assessment remains underexplored, particularly in the teaching practicum conducted by pre service EFL teachers. The present study is trying to fill the gaps by investigating pre-service EFL teachers’ perception on technology-based formative assessment which is implemented in their teaching practicum. A total of 57 pre-service EFL teachers completed a Likertscale questionnaire. After fulfilling the questionnaires, there were 19 pre-service EFL teachers who agreed and volunteered to be in a semi-structured interview. The findings show that the involvement of technology in formative assessment is perceived positively by pre-service EFL teachers in their teaching practicum during the pandemic COVID-19. They confess that technology has played its practical role in helping them assess their students. Further, the implementation of technology-based formative assessments promotes the students’ performance.
One-pot synthesis of cellulose/MoS2 composite for efficient visible-light photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI)
Authors: Lin Chunxiang , Liu Yushi , Su Qiaoquan , Liu Yifan , Lv Yuancai , Liu Minghua
Published: November 2021

An effective cellulose/MoS2 (Ce/MoS2) composite was synthesized via a one-pot microwave-assisted ionic liquid method for the photocatalytic reduction of toxic Cr(VI). Effects of ionic liquids (ILs) on the MoS2 nanostructure were considered, and the obtained composite was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicated that the MoS2 nanoplates were anchored and dispersed on the surface of the cellulose. Compared with the pristine MoS2, the support of the cellulose greatly enhanced the photocatalytic reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) ions in solution, from 65.9% to nearly 100%. The reduction mechanism was considered, and the results implied that the simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) during the initial dark adsorption process was observed due to the effect of citric acid as a hole scavenger. Finally, regeneration tests revealed that the Ce/MoS2 composite could be recycled and reused.
Synthesis of nano-film from nanofibrillated cellulose of banana pseudostem (Musa spp.) to extend the shelf life of tomato
Authors: Ponni Ponnudurai , Subramanian Kizhaeral S. , Janavi Gnanaguru Janaki , Subramanian Jayasankar
Published: November 2021

A nano-film was developed using nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC) obtained from banana (var. Poovan) pseudostem. The NFC was prepared by alkali treatment followed by bleaching and acidification, as described and characterized in the authors’ previous paper. The NFC was used as base material for the development of nano-film. The nano-film was prepared via solvent casting with NFC (4%), polyvinyl alcohol (5%), and polyacrylic acid (5%) at a v/v ratio of 5:8:1. The nano-film was characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gas permeability tester (GPT), texture profile analyzer, and digital thickness gauge meter. The data showed that the developed nano-film was UV protectant, possessed strong cross-linking, had high oxygen barrier capacity, was thermally stable up to 356 °C, and had high tensile strength than conventional film. To assess the protective quality of developed nano-film, tomato fruits were covered, and the shelf life was determined using physiological and biochemical attributes. The study revealed that nano-film developed from NFC possessed tomato preserving capacity for 15 days under ambient storage condition. Overall, the data suggested that banana fibres could be a potential source of NFC to develop biodegradable nano-film.
Coping Strategies and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: David Liliana , Fadgyas Stanculete Mihaela , Bolba Andreea Ramona , Chiaroni Giuseppe , Barsan Maria , Popa Stefan L
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities. While psychosocial determinants were intently studied, coping strategies with stress used by IBS patients were never comprehensively reviewed. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to summarize the coping strategies used by IBS patients and to identify which tools are frequently used to measure coping strategies.

Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, we searched for articles indexed in PubMed, EBSCOhost, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. The search terms included: (coping OR coping strategies OR coping mechanism) AND (irritable bowel syndrome OR IBS). The initial search identified 756 articles. After applying all filters (human filters, excluding conference abstracts and conference papers), 96 studies remained. Finally, a total of 21 articles were included in this systematic review.

Results: Twenty-one articles using fifteen coping instruments and six measures of quality of life were found. One was interventional, one longitudinal, and the rest were cross-sectional studies. One study was qualitative, while the rest used quantitative measures. Emotion-focused coping was associated with worse psychological outcomes, while the effect of problem-focused coping was not regularly associated with better psychological outcomes. Catastrophizing was negatively associated with health-related quality of life. Psychological distress (anxiety, depression) was significantly related to the impairment of health-related quality of life.

Conclusion: Patients with IBS cope in different ways when confronted with health and daily-life stressors. The maladaptive strategy of coping is associated with poor health-related quality of life and psychiatric comorbidities but methodological problems limit conclusions regarding the strength and nature of this association. Future research needs to focus on which strategies are most effective at reducing psychological distress in IBS patients.
Clinical Pediatric Neurosciences for Primary Care
Authors: Legido Agustin , Piatt Joseph H.
Published: November 2021

This all-new clinical resource equips primary caregivers to take a lead role in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of diverse pediatric neurologic and neurosurgical conditions. For practice-focused guidance with a coordinated dual perspective you won't find anywhere else. The developers/editors are a pediatric neurologist and a pediatric neurosurgeon at the forefront of their fields. Key topics are considered from neurologic and neurosurgical viewpoints. Purpose-built for efficient clinical problem solving; clear, concise overviews of a broad range of common conditions; evidence-based discussion of each condition's course, pathogenesis, and etiology; expert management recommendations; advice on when to treat vs when to refer; and the practical implications of recent research. Contents include neonatal disorders, encephalopathies, traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular disorders, febrile seizures, epilepsy, headaches, brain tumors, spina bifida and neurogenic bladder dysfunction, movement disorders, neuromuscular disorders, and neurocutaneous disorders.