bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study and systematization of methods of thefts of natural gas are by interference with work of device of account
Authors: Homich Dmitro
Published: June 2020

The results of the study of different ways to commit abduction of natural gas by interfering with the work appliance are considered in the article. A special attention is paid to the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter. The study has revealed that these ways include training actions, committing and hiding of criminological traces of such crimes. The ways to commit abduction of natural gas depend on the following factors: professional skills of the offender, construction of gas network, methods of direct impact on gas meters and their components. Results of studying given problem make it possible to systematize the actions of criminals aimed at direct abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter: by exposure time (regular and one-off), by form of influence (mechanic and magnetic methods). A way of committing a crime manifested itself in committing certain actions and left certain trace picture changing the environment. These changes reflected the ways of committing the crime, disclosed the professional and criminal skills of the offender. The techniques of committing crimes that were investigated were repeated. This pattern is objective in the investigation technique of the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter. The key finding of the study shows that the repetitive nature of such crimes is explained by the repetition of objective and subjective factors. It gives us reason to talk about similarity in the commission of crimes caused by a coincidence of species traits. The ways to commit abduction of natural gas by interfering with the work appliance includes acts that are naturally associated with the commission of a crime and aimed at preparing and hiding them.

Therefore, to prevent the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter the study focused on revealing the ways of committing such crimes because they are of great use in their investigation. A list of ways to steal natural gas is not complete, new ways of abduction of natural gas will appear that will be characterized by greater level of concealment.
Unchained freedom in cyberspace: a new danger for children’s rights
Authors: Mammadrzali Shahin Sabir
Published: June 2020

The article is dedicated to the harm of cyberspace over children's digital rights in the Internet and introduces conclusions for better defeating digital violations. Digital violations against child rights exist in various forms. Although violation of children's digital rights is the reality of current life, still there is no unified and well-developed system of solutions to restrict freedom in cyberpace. Cyberspace opens new borders for entertainment, education, cultural and moral development of children. Yet, possible difficulties arise when it comes to suitable child rights. Children's digital rights is significantly more complex and multifaceted. Few norms in international law can be found for the regulation of cyberspace and the digital rights of children in this new medium. The content and scope of digital rights of children have not been defined yet. Thus, systemic international and national cyberspace mechanisms relating to the rights of the child should be created on the basis of state control.
The impact of armed conflict on the effects of international treaties
Authors: Tienieshev Vyacheslav
Published: June 2020

In the science of international law, different views are expressed on the nature of the impact of war on international treaties.

It should also be noted that there is no strict consistency on this issue and in the practice of international relations. This was one of the reasons for the lack of relevant provisions in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.

Some definite understanding of the content of existing customary norms and trends in the progressive development of international law is given by the Articles of the United Nations Commission on International Law on the Consequences of Armed Conflicts for International Treaties.

The basic principle enshrined in the Articles is that the existence of an armed conflict ipso facto does not terminate or suspend treaties between States Parties to that conflict or between a State Party to an armed conflict and a State which is not a Party to it. This principle is intended to promote the stability of international relations.

The following factors should be considered when deciding whether to terminate, withdraw from, or suspend an armed conflict in the event of an armed conflict:

a) the nature of the contract - in particular its subject, object and purpose, its content and the number of parties to the contract;

(b) The characteristics of an armed conflict, such as its territorial distribution, scale and intensity, its duration and, in the case of a non-international armed conflict, also the degree of external involvement.

The developers of the Articles have tried to provide an indicative (and therefore inexhaustible) list of types of contracts, the subject of which is to extend their validity. The categories of contracts included in the indicative list caused a great deal of disagreement.

The intention to terminate the treaty shall be communicated to the other States Parties or the depository of the treaty. The termination or suspension of a treaty as a result of an armed conflict in no way affects the obligation of the State to fulfill the obligations enshrined in the treaty, which also exist in accordance with international law, regardless of this treaty.

Following the termination of an armed conflict, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the suspension of the suspended agreements may take place with the agreement of the States concerned.

Obviously, customary international law has developed a set of rules regarding the impact of armed conflict on treaties. Armed conflict in modern international law ipso facto does not terminate or suspend existing treaties, even though a number of them may be terminated or suspended in view of their nature. In this regard, it can be said that the regulation of treaties in the event of armed conflict aims at the maximum possible preservation of legal relations between the states.
Theoretical aspects of the housing contract
Authors: Barilovska Taisiia
Published: June 2020

The article highlights the features of the residential lease agreement and its types. Particular attention is paid to the residential lease agreement, the subject of which has been individually owned by citizens.

Subject to the Constitution of Ukraine the right to housing is one of the most important human rights, therefore, the state must protect this right. Modern legal regulation of housing relations proceeds from the fact that housing is a need of the citizens, which becomes a problem for the citizens themselves, although the solution of the housing problem is still proclaimed as one of the priority areas of the state policy. Constantly rising housing prices, declining volume of its construction, low incomes – it all leads to the fact that the purchase of an apartment or even a room remains just a dream, impossible even in the distant future, for most Ukrainians.

Public housing has not yet fulfilled its function of providing constitutional social guarantees for housing rights, primarily for low-income groups. The objective reason for the slow progress in it is the protracted and deep economic crisis in Ukraine, the actual refusal of the state to fulfill its earlier commitments to improve the citizens’ housing conditions, as well as a radical change in Ukraine’s housing policy. It is necessary to create socially acceptable mechanisms aimed at encouraging citizens with sufficient income to improve housing conditions at the expense of the housing market and at implementing new principles for providing social housing to and using it by low-income groups who need better housing conditions.

The analysis of the social residential lease agreement shows that it is a legal institution on the edge between the fields of civil and administrative law. In a broader sense, the social residential lease agreement is an important element of the system of social protection of citizens, and in this context it can be characterized as some obligation of the state to guarantee a life-long right to housing. The question is only how one can integrate a legal institute, taken from the former socialist legal system, into an existing legal system.

In the course of the research, the concept of the "residential lease agreement" has also been revealed, the types of residential lease agreements have been examined, the features of this agreement as an object of private property and the procedure for rendering services under the agreement have been clarified.
Performance of obligations in modern civil law
Authors: Butsan Marharyta
Published: June 2020

The article considers the notion of performance. Treaty obligations were the most common in the civil turnover. Their performance depends to a large extent the stability of the economy and society as a whole. Of particular importance are norms of civil legislation implementing the Treaty obligation. They are used daily in practical activities of legal entities and citizens. The performance of an obligation – it is always a process that takes some period of time and consists of a series of actions of the debtor and the creditor. Debtor proposes the execution, the creditor accepts it. The article studies scientific approaches with respect to conditions of contractual obligations. practice shows that most contracts are careless, do not contain the necessary conditions to realization of the interests of the parties, do not include measures to ensure contractual obligations. During the execution of such contracts often have complications, different interpretations by the parties to the same conditions, and as a result, there has been a massive failure by the parties of their responsibilities, resulting in numerous conflicts. The most important task of modern legal science and practice – the creation of legal mechanisms, allowing most effectively to ensure the proper performance of contractual obligations and to compensate the injured party for the loss caused by their failure or improper performance. Mechanism of performance of the obligation is the mutual interest of the parties. In determining the obligations a list of specific actions that the debtor is obliged to make in favor of the lender, is limited to the indication of the transfer of property, performance of work and payment of money. Undoubtedly, the parties rely on bilateral compliance with the obligations under the contract, but obviously there are cases when under any circumstances one of the parties does not fulfill its obligations. Performance of the obligation should also be understood as certain acts by the debtor (or refraining from doing,) that is the obligation of the debtor. In this regard, it should be noted that the lender has the right to demand fulfillment of the obligation, but the debtor is involved in such actions. Moreover, under proper performance to understand the performance of an obligation by an appropriate person at the appropriate time a particular person under equal circumstances. The real is the performance of specific obligations, which is reflected in the implementation of certain actions.
European regional mechanism for the prevention, punishment and elimination of violence against women
Authors: Kramarchuk Nataliia
Published: June 2020

The article describes the process of establishing mechanism for preventing, punishing and eliminating violence against women in the European region and outlines the main components of such mechanism. The main non-binding Council of Europe instruments on violence elimination against women, namely the Declaration on Policies for Combating Violence against Women in a Democratic Europe (adopted at the 3rd European Ministerial Conference on Equality between Women and Men (Rome, 21-22 October 1993) and Council of Europe Committee of Ministers Recommendation Rec(2002)5 to member states on the protection of women against violence are analyzed.

The key developments of the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence are characterized. It has been found that in the Convention, the phenomenon of "woman" and "femininity" is disclosed through the category of gender, but not through purely sexual biological traits. Both the concept of gender based violence and cross-border approach to violence against women have been considered. The main obligations of States with regard to the protection of certain categories of women who may be victims of violence due to their particular status, such as migrant women and refugees, are also discussed in the article. The main aspects of substantive law norms of the Convention have been analyzed. The monitoring mechanism of the Istanbul Convention, which consists of Committee of the Parties and the Group of Experts on Action against Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, has been described.

It has been found that the case law of the European Court of Human Rights plays an important role in developing effective mechanism for combating violence against women. The high-profile case of the ECHR concerning the issue of violence against women (Opuz v. Turkey, 2009) has been discussed.

A brief overview of the legal framework on violence against women in Ukraine has been provided. Key directions for the improvement of the Ukrainian national mechanism for combating violence against women have been suggested.
Peculiarities of marriage in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Yakovenko Viktoriia
Published: June 2020

The article describes the peculiarities of legal regulation of marriage in the UAE. The author notices that the religious provisions of Islam and the historical roots of this country have had a significant impact on the laws of this country, they have also influenced on the marriage registration procedure, which is of particular scientific interest. In particular, it concerns the procedure of marriage between citizens of the state and certain aspects of marriage with foreigners. Particular attention is paid to the religious rite of marriage. It is noted that the marriage and family relations are regulated by the Koran and certain legislative acts.

The author separately discloses the practical aspects of marriage registration, including the conditions, which are mandatory for marriage registration. It is stated that marriage can take place only if the requirements are fulfilled: marriage contract, lack of close blood ties, compliance with the requirements of religion, attainment of marriage age, mutual consent of both parties, equality, presence of witnesses during marriage and marriage observance of folk traditions. For a direct marriage registration, couples also need to prepare a package of documents required by law. In addition to ID documents, you must also provide medical certificates from both brides, issued by a government hospital in a format approved by the UAE Ministry of Health.

The article also outlines common and distinct features between the marriage process in Europe and the UAE. In common is the consent of both spouses is envisaged, whereby on such terms that do not degrade honor and dignity, that is, they do not run counter to human rights. The couple must also be of a certain age and be fully capable. Close relatives cannot be married. Distinctive features include, in particular, the possibility of entering into polygamous marriages. In addition, the obligation to conclude a marriage contract is not compulsory in the territory of European countries.
THE EFFECT OF TAX PLANNING AND DEFERRED TAX EXPENSE TO EARNINGS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Riaty Handayani  , Giawan Nur Fitria  , Erwin Indriyanto  , Molina
Published: June 2020

This research aims to determine the effect of tax planning and deferred tax expense on earnings management. Tax planning and deferred tax expense is one of strategy for companies to maximize revenue. This study used a food and beverage sub sector manufacturing company for 5 years of observation, namely from 2013-2017. This research used multiple regressions with SPSS 23 for test data.
The result that tax planning has no significant effect on earnings management. In addition, deferred tax expense also has a positive and significant effect on earnings management.

KEYWORDS: tax planning, deferred tax expense, earnings management.
DHURDHURAPATRADI MALAHARA: AN INDIAN MEDICINE FOR DANDRUFF
Authors: Krishnaprriya  , Kamath Mahusudana  , Dr.Abhaya Kumar Mishra
Published: June 2020

Dandruff (Darunaka) is a very common disease affecting most of the population in general. Darunaka can be compared with dandruff in modern medical science based on symptoms. Even though there are many anti-dandruff products available in the market, they are of high cost, low efficacy and some side effects. So there is a need for simple cost-effective herbal remedy for treating this condition. Hence in this study, a simple remedy is formulated in the form of ointment (Malahara ). Dhurdhura patradi kera taila, the antidandruff oil was converted to ointment form by adding beeswax. It was anticipated that the addition of beeswax will enhance the effect of medicine because of its skin protective effect. Considering all the above-mentioned concepts, a study has been conducted and formulated a new Dosage modality (Kalpanabheda), Dhurdhurapatradi Malahara and studied its effect on Dandruff.

KEYWORDS: Darunaka, malahara, Dhurdhurapatradi kera, Dandruff, Squamometry.
Derivative of sin and cos
Authors: Alkahtani Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Make it easy to remember the sign of sin and cos derivatives.
PERSPEKTIF KAREN ARMSTRONG TENTANG ISLAMOFOBIA DI MEDIA BARAT
Authors: Rachman Rio Febriannur
Published: June 2020

Islamophobia written by Karen Armstrong, John L. Esposito, Imam Abdul Malik Mujahid, et al (published by Mizan in 2018) explains how Islamophobia still afflicts some groups, including Westerners (Americans and Europeans). The causes are the materialization of the phenomenon of terrorism, ISIS, and wahabism which are considered as radical. Such representations are established by the mass media. The definition of Islam in the Western media is closely related to the distortion of meaning, sentiment and stigma. Though, some write objective defense for Islam.
PERAN TAKMIR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAKMURAN MASJID (STUDI KASUS DI MASJID AL-HUDA CITRODIWANGSAN LUMAJANG)
Authors: Arifah Sa'adatu Mukarromatil , Zulfa Indana
Published: June 2020

Al-Huda Mosque, in Dewi Sartika street no.01, carries outsome constructive activities. The mosque takmir always strives to improve the advancement of the mosque. The focus of this study is the role of the mosquetakmir in increasing mosque prosperity in terms of idarah, imarah, and ri'ayah. This study employs qualitative methods with a case study approach. The conclusions of this study are as follows: First, the roles of takmir in increasing mosque prosperity in terms of idarah, among others, are planning a program ofworkingcompetently; forming the mosque management through a deliberation; running administration role effectively. Second, the roles of takmir in increasing the prosperity of the mosque in terms of imarah, among others, are holding magdzoh and gairu magdzoh; organizing Islamic education and teaching; organizing da'wah; holding social activities. Third, the roles of takmir in increasing the prosperity of the mosque in terms of ri'ayah among others, are completing mosque facilities and infrastructure; maintaining cleanliness, attractiveness, and security of the mosque; maintaining the appearance of the mosque.

Key Words: the Role of Takmir, Mosque Prosperity, Idarah, Imarah, Ri’ayah
Pengaruh Nilai-Nilai Agama Dan Kecerdasan Moral Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Afektif
Authors: Subahri Bambang
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Nilai-Nilai Agama dan Kecerdasan Moral terhadap Prestasi Belajar Afektif Siswa, dalam hal ini difokuskan pada Mata Pelajaran Aqidah Akhlak. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari Nilai-Nilai Agama yaitu dimensi: daily, meaning, practice, coping dan support. Kecerdasan moral yaitu dimensi: acting, telling, standing, keeping, taking, admitting, embracing, activelyone’s dan abilityothers’  terhadap prestasi belajar afektif siswa mata pelajaran aqidah akhlak. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa dengan klasifikasi usia 13-19 tahun dan sampelnya berjumlah 200 siswa yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling. Untuk mengukur nilai-Nilai agama , peneliti memodifikasi 11 dimesi nilai-Nilai agama  Fetzer (1999) menjadi 5 dimensi dan untuk kecerdasan moral peneliti menggunakan skala yang dikembangkan dari Lennick and Kiel (2011). CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) digunakan untuk menguji validitas alat ukur dan analisis deskriptif dilakukan dengan menggunakan Software SPSS 17.0 dan LISREL 8.70. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan IV keseluruhan terhadap prestasi belajar sebagai DV. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan proporsi varians dari prestasi belajar Aqidah Akhlak yang dijelaskan oleh seluruh variabel independen adalah 60.3%, sedangkan 39.7%  sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian ini.

Kata Kunci: Nilai-Nilai Agama, Kecerdasan Moral dan Prestasi Belajar Afektif
POLA BEHAVIOUR REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT
Authors: Maghfiroh Eva
Published: June 2020

Aggressive behavior is a form of behavior that can hurt other people. This behaviourcomes from cognitive processes that are disrupted. Students, in Islamic boarding school,who experience aggressive behavior, can become aggressive too. This article discusseshow teachers deal with students with aggressive behavior in Islamic boarding school. Oneof the ways, is to provide reward and punishment for them, who have aggrescive behavior.Aggressive behavior should not interfere with the growth and development of students.
Literary Competence Improvement on Listening Short Story using Pakem Strategy With TGT (Team Games Tournament ) Method
Authors: Yuliati Tutik
Published: June 2020

Literature teaching at school is aied to give the basic of literary awareness to the students, so they can learn to love and appreciate literature well based on the literary rules they have got. One example of literary works is shortstory.we can teach students short story in listening class. However, their literary competence is found out to be low. Therefore, the teacher proposed TGT method to improve students’ literary competence. The results reveals that working activities during listening show students’ positive appreciation to literature. However, the teacher should have more give attention to the aspects of short story.
Intervensi Modul Penyelenggaraan Makanan terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Pengolah Makanan Di Pondok Pesantren Kota Kendari
Authors: Nurlaela Euis , Gobel Sri Yunanci V
Published: June 2020

Salah satu upaya mempertahankan status gizi santri, maka pondok pesantren perlu mempertahankan dan meningkatkan konsumsi agar tetap adekuat pada proses penyelenggaraan makanannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rancangan modul pendamping tentang pedoman penyelenggaraan makanan terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap tenaga pengolah makanan di pondok pesantren di Kota   Kendari. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan rancangan quasi eksperiment dengan model one group pre-test post-test yaitu kelompok tenaga pengolah makanan sebanyak 48 orang diobservasi sebelum intervensi dengan pre-test dan setelah intervensi (pendampingan menggunakan modul selama 2 hari/minggu selama 1 bulan) dengan post-test I (setelah pelatihan) dan post-test II (setelah 1 bulan pelatihan). Hasil uji statistik tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap tenaga pengolah makanan diketahui antara sebelum, sesudah pelatihan (post test I) dan 1 bulan sesudah pelatihan  (post-test II) diperoleh nilai p = 0,000 (p < 0,05) maka dapat disimpulkan ada  perbedaan pengetahuan dan sikap tenaga pengolah makanan sebelum dan setelah pendampingan dengan menggunakan modul penyelenggaraan makanan. Catatan PenerbitPolekkes Kemenkes Kendari menyatakan tetap netral sehubungan dengan klaim dari perspektif atau buah pikiran yang diterbitkan dan dari afiliasi institusional manapun. PendanaanPenelitian ini didanai oleh Poltekkes Kemenkes Kendari
SCIENCE OF SALAT MOVEMENT IN COVID-19 ERA AND TURBULENCE ECONOMIC
Authors: R Mochamad A
Published: June 2020

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the salat movements associated with Covid-19 and economic turbulence. The secret in the salat movement gives health to the human body. By continuing to carry out the obligation of salat as a Muslim, and the current economic condition shaken by Covid-19, could become one of the strongholds of economic turbulence. Data is taken from content in the form of stages of ablution and salat movement, secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), World Health Organization (WHO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and Worldbank. This study uses a content analysis methodology, with a Hahslm theory approach that integrates Covid-19, Islamic economics and religiosity and the Koran. The results show that health, patience and religiosity can strengthen the resilience of Covid-19 as well as by offering salat to face the economic crisis.

 Keywords: Islam, Health, Salat Movement, Covid-19,  Economy

 

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gerakan sholat yang berkaitan dengan Covid-19 serta turbulensi ekonomi. Rahasia dalam gerakan shalat memberikan kesehatan bagi tubuh manusia. Dengan tetap menjalankan kewajiban salat sebagai seorang umat Islam, dan keaadan ekonomi saat ini yang  tergunvang oleh Covid-19 bisa menjadi salah satu benteng pertahanan terhadap turbelensi ekonomi. Data diambil dari konten berupa tahapan wudu dan gerakan salat, data sekunder diperoleh dari Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS), World Health Organization (WHO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), dan Worldbank. Studi ini menggunakan metodologi analisis konten, dengan pendekatan teori Hahslm yang mengintegrasikan Covid-19, ekonomi dan religiusitas Islam dan Al-Quran. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kesehatan, kesabaran, dan religiusitas dapat memperkuat ketahanan diri dari Covid-19 serta dengan salat untuk menghadapi krisis ekonomi.

Kata-kata kunci: Islam, Kesehatan, Gerakan Shalat, Covid-19, Ekonomi
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA DALAM ARTIKEL ILMIAH DOSEN STAIN GAJAH PUTIH TAKENGON
Authors: Putri Wulan Dhari
Published: June 2020

Abstract: This study aims to described an language error in scientific article made by lecturer in STAIN Gajah Putih Takengon. The data of this research were taken from four scientific article made by lecturer in STAIN Gajah Putih Takengon. Research data in the form of errors in Indonesian language in spelling, diction, sentences, and paragraphs contained in a scientific article. Data collection techniques in the form of documentary study technique . The research results show that; 1) 753 data errors were found in the total; 2) the most common language errors is in spelling, which is 463 data, 3) errors in diction which is 215 data; 4) errors in the use of sentences of 67 data; and 5) errors in the paragraph aspects were found in 8 data.Keywords: language errors, scientific article

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kesalahan berbahasa dalam artikel ilmiah dosen STAIN Gajah Putih Takengon. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah empat artikel ilmiah dosen STAIN Gajah Putih Takengon. Data penelitian berupa kesalahan berbahasa Indonesia dalam ejaan, diksi, kalimat, dan paragraf yang terdapat dalam artikel ilmiah. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa teknik studi dokumenter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; 1) ditemukan kesalahan berbahasa sebanyak 753 data secara keseluruhan; 2) kesalahan berbahasa yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah kesalahan pada ejaan, yaitu sebanyak 463 data; 3) kesalahan dalam pemilihan kata (diksi), yaitu sebanyak 215 data; 4) kesalahan dalam pemakaian kalimat sebanyak 67 data; dan 5) kesalahan pada aspek pemaragrafan ditemukan sebanyak 8 data.Kata kunci: kesalahan berbahasa, artikel ilmiah
Wrongful Convictions and Upstream Reform in the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Kruse Katherine R.
Published: June 2020

The DNA exonerations of the late twentieth century spawned a reform movement arguably as influential in the American criminal justice system as the Warren Court criminal procedure revolution. The goal of innocence reform is to prevent wrongful convictions by increasing the reliability of criminal justice system operations. A basic tenet of the adversary system of justice is that an adversary trial will expose and correct factual errors with procedural tools, such as the exclusion of unreliable evidence, vigorous cross-examination of witnesses, and the introduction of expert testimony. However, DNA exonerations have undermined faith in the capacity of the adversary trial system to produce reliable results—shifting the focus “upstream” in the criminal justice system to earlier stages of law enforcement investigations. Upstream reforms target law enforcement investigative practices for improvements that will reduce or eliminate the production of unreliable evidence that will later need to be excluded, attacked, or explained at trial.
Texas Oil and Gas
Authors: Parker Stephen L.
Published: June 2020

The mineral estate is the dominant estate over the surface estate in Texas, and nowhere is this clearer than the production of oil and gas. An oil and gas operator can use as much of the surface as is reasonably necessary to effectuate the purpose of its oil and gas lease, subject to few limitations. Under a pooling clause and the Texas Supreme Court’s ruling in Key Operating & Equipment, Inc. v. Hegar, operators can burden the surface of a tract of land for the benefit of an entire pooled oil and gas unit. Synthesizing Key with the Texas Supreme Court’s rulings in Delhi Gas Pipeline Corp. v. Dixon and Wagner & Brown, Ltd. v. Sheppard allows operators to burden surface owners for the benefit of these large pooled oil and gas units—even with postseverance pooling agreements and expired oil and gas leases. Further, as property owners sever the surface estate from their mineral estate, surface owners are left without power to negotiate with oil and gas operators interested in the mineral estate only.

The Texas Railroad Commission should require all operator–lessees make a good-faith effort to enter surface-use agreements with surface owners in pooled oil and gas units. Requiring this of all operator–lessees benefits both the surface owners and the operators, even when a surface owner refuses to enter the surface-use agreement. Finally, there are other options the Texas Railroad Commission may consider to correct this issue; however, requiring operators make a good-faith attempt to acquire a surface-use agreement is the cheapest and most efficient way to address this issue without changing Texas oil and gas law jurisprudence.
Anthropocene Agricultural Law
Authors: Chen James Ming
Published: June 2020

This Essay takes stock of humanity’s arguably illusory victory over its old Malthusian foe. Having staved off imminent starvation, wealthy consumers in the United States and other developed nations are now free to focus their legal and political energy on the expressive aspects of food. Such bagatelles come at the price of ignoring deeper threats to the ecological and economic underpinnings of agricultural production. Had we world enough and time, food as ornament would be no crime. The onset of the Anthropocene, however, demands more serious attention to older, more venerable sources of concern. Resource exhaustion and evolutionary biology remain poised to deliver crippling blows to the agricultural system that serves as life support for affluent, industrialized society. As existential threats loom, the continued allure of purely symbolic disputes suggests that agricultural law remains content, quite literally, to bet the farm.
Fixed vs.Floating Non-Participating Oil & Gas Royalty in Texas
Authors: Kulander Christopher S.
Published: June 2020

The author discusses fixed and floating non-participating oil and gas royalty in Texas and concludes that royalty cases will continue to be heard by the courts.
What Do We Regret and Why?
Authors: Delgado Richard , Stefancic Jean
Published: June 2020

Book review of Steven W. Bender, Mea Culpa: Lessons on Law and Regret from U.S. History (New York University Press 2015).
ОБГОВОРЮЄМО АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ПІДРУЧНИКОТВОРЕННЯ
Authors: Zasiekina Tetiana
Published: June 2020

У повідомленні висвітлено актуальні проблеми підручникотворення, що цього року розглядалися на Міжнародній науково-практичній інтернет-конференції «Проблеми сучасного підручника», організатором якої є Інститут педагогіки Національної академії педагогічних наук України. Серед найактуальніших питань — розроблення підручників за новими стандартами / курикулами; для вивчення інтегрованих курсів; для навчання дітей з особливими освітніми потребами; розроблення й оцінювання навчально-методичних комплексів, включаючи й електронні.
Synthesis of new fluorescent molecules having an aggregation-induced emission property derived from 4-fluoroisoxazoles
Authors: Sato Kazuyuki , Kawasaki Akira , Karuo Yukiko , Tarui Atsushi , Kawai Kentaro , Omote Masaaki
Published: June 2020

Fluorescent molecules based on a fluorinated isoxazole scaffold were synthesized and investigated for their photochemical properties. The introduction of a fluorine substituent into 3,5-diarylisoxazoles led to an increase of fluorescence intensity and exhibited a redshift in the emission intensity. α-Fluorinated boron ketoiminates (F-BKIs) were also synthesized via a ring-opening reaction of 4-fluoroisoxazoles and exhibited highly fluorescent luminescence and aggregation-induced emission (AIE), showing promise as a new fluorophore.
Clinical and hormonal status of patients with organic hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Khyzhnyak Oksana , Mykytyuk Myroslava , Gogitidze Teona , Barabash Nadiya , Manska Kateryna , Tykhonova Tetiana , Nikolayev Roman
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study: to analyze the clinical and medical
history of patients with isolated prolactinoma during the
initial examination (before the start of pathogenetic treatment)
to present their clinical and hormonal characteristics.
Materials and methods: a study of the clinical and hormonal status in patients with tumor hyperprolactinemia was performed in
61 patients (9 men and 52 women) aged 16 to 66 years. The total
secretory activity, partial secretory activity of prolactinoma, and
tumor growth rate were evaluated.
The results of the study: Differences in the clinical manifestation
of prolactinoma in women and men were established. On the
whole, a statistically significant negative regression dependence of
the partial secretory activity of prolactinoma from the size of the
adenoma, as well as the partial secretory activity of prolactinoma
and tumor growth rate was found in the group of all patients.
A regression relationship was found between the partial secretoryпро яку можна стверджувати, ґрунтуючись на показниках вихідного рівня пролактину в крові, і обсягом гіпофіза.
Отже, у чоловіків органічна гіперпролактинемія характеризується
перевагою загальносоматичних і неврологічних скарг, а порушення
статевої функції не є причиною своєчасного звернення до лікаря,
що призводить до пізньої діагностики основного захворювання, в
більшості випадків на стадії макропролактином. Для жінок репродуктивного віку з пролактиномою, як і при синдромі гіперпролактинемії неорганічного ґенезу, основною скаргою можна вважати
порушення менструальної функції, а неврологічні і загальносоматичні скарги не є пріоритетними для хворих. Для жінок в періоді
менопаузи насамперед характерні загальносоматичні і неврологічні
скарги, що і змушує хворих звертатися за медичною допомогою
до лікарів загальної практики – сімейної медицини та невропатологів. Вища активність пухлинного процесу виявлена у чоловіків.
Встановлено позитивний кореляційний зв’язок між рівнем пролактину і розміром пухлини, сумарною секреторною активністю і
парціальною секреторною активністю пролактиноми, що потребує
диференційованих підходів до супресивної терапії.
Ключові слова: органічна гіперпролактинемія, пролактинома,
соматомаммотропінома, аденома гіпофіза, галакторея, сумарна
секреторна активність, парціальна секреторна активність,
швидкість пухлинного росту.
Для цитування: Хижняк ОО, Микитюк МР , Гогітідзе ТГ,
Барабаш НЄ, Манська КГ, Тихонова ТМ, Ніколаєв РС. Клінікогормональний статус хворих на органічну гіперпролактинемію. Журнал Національної академії медичних наук України.
2019;25(4):415–22.
Medical and social aspects of global warming
Authors: Tsymbaliuk Vitalii , Vadzyuk Stepan
Published: June 2020

The problem of global warming has been increasingly attracting
attention. According to the World Meteorological Organization,
the last four years have become the warmest in the history of a century of observations, which is a clear sign of ongoing climate change.
As a result, various climatic cataclysms (downpours, typhoons,
storms, floods, etc.) are increasingly observed. The climate change is
caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
In these circumstances, the most susceptible cities are those occupied
by growing population. They suffer from the so-called «heat island
effect». Climate change has been described as affecting the health of
the planet’s population and people’s lifespan. Children are extremely
sensitive to the threats posed by global climate change.
The effects of climate change create certain weather situations and
conditions. Using one of the weather classifications, we determined
the frequency with which different weather types occurred during
the 25-year period in the city of Ternopil. It turned out that in the
context of global warming, the number of days with the type III
weather increased dramatically. Therefore, when posing the question of the impact of current climatic conditions on human health,
it is quite reasonable to identify changes in life processes in these
meteorological situations. An assessment of psychoemotional state
of young people showed worsening of mood, mental activity, interest
in performing mental work, increasing anxiety in the type III weather. Attention, memory, thinking, and the latent period of complex
visual-motor reaction also worsened in this type of weather. A study
of the physical performance of swimmers showed its decrease in type
III meteosituations. The respiratory system in young healthy individuals in the third type of weather responded by reducing the patency
of the bronchi, its reserve capacity, the deterioration of blood oxygen
saturation. At the same time, a decrease in the functional reserves of
the cardiovascular system against the background of the imbalance of
autonomous regulation of cardiac activity was observed. An increased vestibular sensitivity was revealed. Based on the obtained results, we believe that the study of the effect of global warming on the human body should be carried out taking into account not
only one meteorological factor – temperature, but their complex in
the form of weather types.
Important medical and social issues of food security forecasting,
drinking water supply are considered.
Keywords: global warming, types of weather, health.
For citation: Tsymbaliuk VI, Vadzyuk SN. Medical and social
aspects of global warming. Journal of the National Academy
of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2019;25(4):439–47.
Pemanfaatan Air Kelapa dan Aplikasi Pupuk Organik untuk Merangsang Pertumbuhan Bibit Tebu G3 Hasil Kultur Jaringan
Authors: Durroh Badiatud , Winarti Yayuk
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis pupuk organik dan kosentrasi penyemprotan air kelapa yang memberikan pertumbuhan terbaik pada tanaman tebu G3 Hasil kultur jaringan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Penelitian KPTR Manis Harum Kab. Pasuruan . Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2018 sampai Desember 2018. Racangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan faktorial yang diatur dalam rancangan acak lengkap (completely randomized design) yang terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu jenis pupuk (P), konsentrasi air kelapa (K). Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (analysis of variance).  Apabila ada beda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) pada jenjang nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa.pada  perlakuan berbagai jenis pupuk organik dan konsentrasi penyemprotan air kelapa menunjukkan adanya interaksi pada parameter berat segar daun. Berat  segar daun tertinggi dihasilkan oleh perlakuan kompos sebesar  327,16 gram dengan perlakuan penyemprotan air kelapa dengan konsentrasi 100ml/l, tetapi pada perlakuan lain juga terdapat rerata yang berbeda tidak nyata. Perlakuan kompos sebesar 246,50 gram dan kotoran sapi sebesar 302,66 gram menunjukkan interaksi yang nyata pada perlakuan penyemprotan air kelapa  kontrol (tanpa penyemprotan).
Response of Local Potato Cultivars to Late Blight Disease (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) under Field Conditions
Authors: Pandit Rishav , Bhatta Ravi , Bhusal Pooja , Acharya Basistha , Subedi Subash , Shrestha Jiban
Published: June 2020

Developing host resistance is an economic and long-term approach to disease management; however, resistance reactions that differ depending on the genotypes. Potato late blight is the devastating disease caused due to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary.  In order to identify late blight resistance in potato genotypes, seven local potato cultivars (Bardiya Rato Local, Bardiya Seto Local, Cardinal, Deukhuri Rato Local, Deukhuri Seto Local, Kailali Local and Khumal Ujjowal) were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during October 2018 to January 2019 on naturally infested soils in Deukhuri, Dang, Nepal. Results showed that significantly the highest disease incidence (99.17%), and the highest disease severity (88%) were found on Cardinal followed by Deukhuri Rato Local (64%), and Deukhuri Seto Local (60%). Potato cultivar namely Khumal Ujjowal was moderately resistant, whereas Deukhuri Rato local and Deukhuri Seto Local were susceptible to late blight disease. Significantly the highest yield (12.67 t ha-1) was produced by Khumal Ujjowal followed by Bardiya Rato Local (10.78 t ha-1) and Bardiya Seto Local (9.40 t ha-1). The disease incidence and Area under disease progressive curve (AUDPC) value was negatively co-related with the tuber yield. The potato cultivar Khumal Ujjowal followed by Bardiya Rato Local were found moderately resistant to late blight disease in Deukhuri conditions. This study suggests that potato cultivar Bardiya Rato Local can be grown for higher tuber production in Dang and similar topographic regions.
DECADENTISMO EN EL TEATRO DE VALLE-INCLÁN
Authors: Amezúa Julia
Published: June 2020

Sin información.
EL ABUELO GALDOSIANO O LA REDENCIÓN DE EDIPO
Authors: Andrés-Gil Carlos Miguel
Published: June 2020

Sin información.
Subject of a civil contract
Authors: Moroz Olha
Published: June 2020

Problem statement. Due to the market transformations that have occurred recently in the economy of Ukraine, the opportunities of participants in property turnover regarding the freedom to conclude various types of contracts have significantly expanded. When concluding civil law contracts, a number of questions arise related to the definition of its subject.
The purpose of this work is a General study and analysis of the subject of a civil contract. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to perform a legal analysis of such an essential condition of a civil contract as the conditions on the subject of the contract; 2) to study the debatable theoretical aspects of understanding the subject of a civil contract, which will reveal its essence and analyze its constituent elements; 3) to establish the subject of certain types of civil contracts.
Analysis of recent research. The problem of contractual legal relations has been studied in the scientific works of both Ukrainian and foreign civil scientists in various aspects. M. M. Agarkov, M. I. Braginsky, V. V. Vetriansky, O. O. Krasavchikov, V. V. Luts, G. F. Shershenevich and others made a significant contribution in this area. However, the subject of the civil contract is poorly covered, it is quite relevant and requires further research.
Presentation of the main material. The article provides a legal analysis of such an essential condition of a civil contract as the conditions on the subject of the contract. The author studies debatable theoretical aspects of understanding the subject of a civil contract, which allowed to reveal its essence and analyze its constituent elements. The subject of certain types of civil contracts is established.
Conclusions. So, a detailed analysis of such an essential condition of a civil contract as the conditions on the subject of the contract is of great scientific and practical importance, since the legislator does not sufficiently regulate this issue, in particular, the subject of certain types of civil contracts is not defined at the legislative level, which hinders the possibility of proper protection of the rights of the parties.
Subject of corporate agreements: actual economic and legal approaches to the definition
Authors: Nikolenko Mykhailo
Published: June 2020

Problem setting. The theoretical and practical significance of the subject of contract result in the need of studying this issue in the context of the corporate agreement, especially in the terms of its concise and incomplete regulation.
Analysis of recent researches and publications. V.A. Vasilieva, Yu.M. Zhornokyi, M.M. Sigidin, K.O. Ryabova, D.V. Lomakin, M.V. Trubina, V.G. Borodkin, M.S. Varyushin and others have been researched the subject of corporate agreements. Theirs scientific minds formed the basis of this research, but in the conditions of the corporate law revision, the relevance of this study is obvious.
The purpose of the article is to identify the subject of corporate agreements based on a critical understanding of fundamental doctrinal and legislative principles of its definition.
Article’s main body. Formalization of corporate agreements in Ukraine led to the studying of its subject matter at higher level and gave the possibility of systematizing the basic, constitutional considerations of such subject. Thus, at legislative level the corporate contract subject definition should (a) stand with organizational nature of the corporate agreement as the economic agreement; (b) define widely the object of obligations what is such agreement about - participation rights; (c) indicate the active or passive nature of the mutually agreed activities what are subject of the corporate agreement; (d) provide a broad approach to the increase the nature of the actions to be established - the development of an organization (including management, control).
Conclusions and prospects for the development. Based on the research, the subject of corporate agreement should defined as mutually agreed procedure and peculiarities of realization of corporate and other rights of members of the company or abstaining from its realization and fulfillment of obligations during organization of activity of the company