bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Experience of Taking Medication to Prevent a Further Heart Attack
Authors: Piekarz Hannah , Donyai Parastou , Langran Catherine
Published: May 2021

Background

Following an acute myocardial infarction, patients are prescribed a regime of cardio-protective medication to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality. Adherence to medication is poor in this patient group, and not fully understood. Current interventions have made limited improvements but are based upon presumed principles.
Aim

To describe the phenomenon of medicine-taking for an individual taking medication for secondary prevention for an AMI. Method Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse transcripts of semi-structured interviews with participants. Themes were generated for each participant, then summarised across participants.
Results

Five key themes were produced; the participants needed to compare themselves to others, showed that knowledge of their medicines was important to them, discussed how the future was an unknown entity for them, had assimilated their medicines into their lives, and expressed how an upset to their routine reduced their ability to take medication.
Conclusion

Participants described complex factors and personal adaptations to taking their medication. This suggests that a patient-centred approach is appropriate for adherence work, and these themes could inform clinical practice to better support patients in their medicine adherence.
Inflammatory/immune-suppressive microenvironment characteristics of pancreatic cancer patients with Shi-Re ZHENG identified by extracellular vesicle long RNA profiling
Authors: Yu Shulin , Geng Yawen , Qian Ling , Chen Kun , Zhang Yalei , Huang Shenglin , Li Ye , Wang Peng
Published: May 2021

Background

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain long RNAs that reflect their tissue origins and the relative fractions of different immune cell types. This study examined the molecular basis of different traditional Chinese Medicine ZHENG diagnoses (also called syndrome differentiation) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Methods

A total of 128 PDAC patients with different ZHENG diagnoses were retrospectively reviewed in this study. The EV long RNA profile of plasma samples was analyzed by long RNA sequencing. Differentially regulated EV long RNAs were annotated and assessed for Gene Ontology pathway enrichment using DAVID. Cell-type enrichment analysis was performed using the online program xCell.
Results

Approximately 15000 annotated genes, mainly including mRNAs, were reliably detected in each sample. Different ZHENG diagnoses exhibited unique EV mRNA expression profiles and therefore different enriched pathways. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis identified TGF-β and KRAS signaling activation as the hallmarks of cancer with Shi-Re ZHENG. Cell-type enrichment analysis also revealed a varied inflammation/immune cell type distribution among patients with or without Shi-Re diagnosis. Mast cells, platelets and Tregs were significantly enriched but basophils, CLP, DC, and cDC cells were decreased in patients with Shi-Re diagnosis compared with patients without Shi-Re diagnosis.
Conclusions

We identified the hallmarks of cancer with different ZHENG diagnoses based on plasma EV long RNA sequencing. In particular, TGF-β and KRAS signaling activation were the hallmarks of Shi-Re ZHENG, which contribute to shape an inflammatory/immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment in PDAC.
Depression as a symptom of cerebrovascular diseases: A review.
Authors: Abykayev Nurtai , Kulmanov Marat , Lurye Arman , Zhumanbayeva Dinara
Published: May 2021

Depression can be a prodromal symptom of brain diseases, but this association remains poorly studied with regards to cerebrovascular diseases. This review aimed to analyze the relationship between cerebrovascular diseases and depression. The objectives of the current review were: 1 – to assess the relationship between structural changes in the brain and depression; 2 – to evaluate the connection between cognitive performance and cerebrovascular impairment; 3 – to assess the relationship between biological correlates of brain diseases and depression. A search of the PubMed database was conducted focusing on papers published until 4th March 2021. The following terms were used: brain diseases and depression/pathology. A depressive disorder might have a relationship with structural or biological changes in the brain. However, this does not give the precise conclusion that depression definitely appears while a person has the cerebrovascular disease. Nevertheless, people with cerebrovascular diseases were observed to have high depression scale scores, while depression and cerebrovascular diseases had inflammation, cognitive change, or dopamine and serotonin changes in common. This is an overall limit concerning the definition of depression and cerebrovascular diseases. So, in this review, we observed all the possible connections between depression and brain diseases. Depression seems to be associated with cerebrovascular changes in people. They might have structural changes in the hippocampus, white matter, cortex, and other parts, as well as inflammatory processes, neuromediators changes, and cognitive decline. Thus, it is essential to evaluate depressive disorders in people with brain diseases as precisely as possible.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Cameroon (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Walker Miriam Zachau , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Cameroon, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Preparation and Characterization of Biocomposite Based on Chitosan and Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Derived from Natural Phosphate Rocks
Authors: Brahimi Salim , Ressler Antonia , Boumchedda Khaled , Hamidouche Mohamed , Kenzour Abdelghani , Djafar Rabah , Antunović Maja , Bauer Leonard , Hvizdoš Pavol , Ivanković Hrvoje
Published: May 2021

Highly-porous composite structures based on chitosan (CS) and hydroxyapatite (HA) have been prepared using the freeze-gelation method. Biomimetic HA powder was first synthesized by a wet precipitation method using natural phosphate (NP) ore as a source of calcium and phosphorus ions. The powders and scaffolds have been characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement studies, scanning electron microscopy and cell viability test. The raw precipitated powder was composed of HA and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). In the obtained powder Mg2+, SiO42−, Sr2+, Na+, and Fe2+ ions were detected as a result of using NP mineral as precursor. After heat treatment over 750°C, β-tricalcium phosphate Mg substituted (β-TCMP) was detected. The culture of human embryonic kidney cells indicated non cytotoxicity of the as-prepared powder. CS/HA scaffolds with different weight ratios (100/0; 90/10; 80/20; 70/30) have been prepared. The CS/HA scaffolds have shown highly porous structure with well interconnected pores and homogeneously dispersed HA particles. Swelling capacity measured in physiological conditions has shown that the addition of HA into the CS matrix efficiently decreased the swelling percentage of the CS/HA scaffolds. The results obtained suggest that composite scaffolds prepared using CS and biomimetic HA derived from an abundant raw material may have effective potential as biocompatible materials for bone tissue engineering.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Eritrea (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Eritrea, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Mali (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Mali, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for South Sudan (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for South Sudan, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Togo (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger
Published: May 2021

Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Togo, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
An Assessment of Morphological and Pathological Changes in Paravertebral Muscle Degeneration using Imaging and Histological Analysis
Authors: Zhu Ding-Chao , Lin Jia-Hao , Xu Jia-Jing , Guo Qiang , Wang Yi-Han , Jiang Chao , Lu Hui-Gen , Wu Yao-Sen
Published: May 2021

Objective: The high signal of paravertebral muscle (PVM) on T2WI is usually considered to be fatty degeneration. However, it is difficult to distinguish inflammatory edema from fatty degeneration on T2WI. The purpose of this study was to identify different types of PVM high signal in patients with low back pain (LBP) through MRI and histology.Methods: Seventy patients with LBP underwent MRI. The signal change of multifidus both on T2WI and fat suppression image (FSI) was quantified by Image J. Furthermore, 25 of the 70 patients underwent surgery for degenerative lumbar disease and their multifidus were obtained during the operation. Histological analysis of the samples was performed by HE staining. Result: Three types of PVM signal changes were identified from the MRI. Type 1 (n=36) indicated fatty degeneration characterized by a high signal on T2WI and low signal on FSI. High signal on both T2WI and FSI, signifying type 2 meant inflammatory edema (n=9). Type 3 (n=25) showed high signal on T2WI and partial signal suppression on FSI, which meant a combination of fatty degeneration and inflammatory edema. Histological results were consistent with MRI. Among the 25 patients who underwent surgery, type 1 (n=14) showed adipocytes infiltration, type 2 (n=3) showed inflammatory cells infiltration and type 3 (n=8) showed adipocytes and inflammatory cells infiltration. Conclusion: From our results, there are three types of pathological changes in patients with PVM degeneration, which may help to decide on targeted treatments for LBP.
Change in Patellar Cartilage from 2.5 to 4.5 Years Following ACL Reconstruction With and Without Meniscal Pathology
Authors: Wang Xinyang , Bennell Kim L. , Wang Yuanyuan , Fortin Karine , Saxby David J. , Killen Bryce A. , Wrigley Tim V. , Cicuttini Flavia M. , Ginckel Ans Van , Lloyd David G. , Feller Julian A. , Vertullo Christopher , Whitehead Tim , Gallie Price , Bryant Adam L.
Published: May 2021

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) together with concomitant meniscal injury are risk factors for the development of tibiofemoral (TF) osteoarthritis (OA), but the potential effect on the patellofemoral (PF) joint is unclear. The aim of this study was to: (i) investigate change in patellar cartilage morphology in individuals 2.5 to 4.5 years after ACLR with or without concomitant meniscal pathology and in healthy controls, and (ii) examine the association between baseline patellar cartilage defects and patellar cartilage volume change.Methods: 32 isolated ACLR participants, 25 ACLR participants with combined meniscal pathology and nine healthy controls underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 2-year intervals (baseline = 2.5 years post-ACLR). Patellar cartilage volume and cartilage defects were assessed from MRI using validated methods. Results: Both ACLR groups showed patellar cartilage volume increased over 2 years (p < 0.05), and isolated ACLR group had greater annual percentage cartilage volume increase compared with controls (mean difference 3.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0%, 6.3%, p = 0.008) and combined ACLR group (mean difference 2.2%, 95% CI 0.2%, 4.2%, p = 0.028). Patellar cartilage defects regressed in the isolated ACLR group over 2 years (p = 0.02). Baseline patellar cartilage defect score was positively associated with annual percentage cartilage volume increase (B = 0.02; 95% CI 0.003, 0.03; p = 0.02) in the pooled ACLR participants. Conclusions: Hypertrophic response was evident in the patellar cartilage of ACLR participants with and without meniscal pathology. Surprisingly, the increase in patellar cartilage volume was more pronounced in those with isolated ACLR. Although cartilage defects stabilise in the majority of ACLR participants, the severity of patellar cartilage defects at baseline influenced the magnitude of the cartilage hypertrophic response over the subsequent ~2 years.
Aspects of Sexual Life, Sexual Orientation and Fertility Desire in a Large Cohort of Individuals With 46,xy Differences of Sex Development
Authors: Batista Rafael Loch , Inácio Marlene , Brito Vinicius Nahime , Gomes Nathália Lisboa , Costa Elaine Maria Frade , Domenice Sorahia , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To analyze aspects of the sexual life, sexual orientation, and fertility desire among 46,XY DSD people, including those who changed their gender. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study including 127 adults (> 16 years of age) with 46,XY DSD (83 females; 44 males) from a single tertiary center. Results: Sexual fantasies and masturbation practice were more frequent in 46,XY DSD males, whereas orgasm and sexual life satisfaction were similar in both genders. More 46,XY DSD men than women had a long-term romantic relationship. 46,XY DSD women with prenatal androgen exposure reported more fear of being romantically rejected. External genitalia appearance at birth did not impact the sexuality of 46,XY DSD women after surgical genital treatment has been completed. Overall, the sexual life was similar between 46,XY men assigned as males and those who changed to the male gender. Regarding sexual orientation, most self-reported as heterosexual (91% and 92% of women and men, respectively). The desire for fertility had a similar prevalence in both genders, but more women than men considered infertility a barrier to a long-term romantic relationship. A total of 12 (7 males) had children; 10 out of 12 have adopted children. Conclusion: Fertility desire was common among 46,XY DSD people, regardless of gender. Prenatal androgen exposure reduced the desire for motherhood in 46,XY women. 46 XY DSD people who changed from female to male gender presented similar sexual parameters as those assigned as males. Among females, virilized genitalia at birth did not affect sexuality once the surgical treatment is completed.
Tumor Abnormal Protein Detection is An Effective Screening Method for Solid Malignancies
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Tian Changjun , Zhang Lin , Li Linfang , Gao Mingxin , Li Bai , Fan Hui , Zhang Yongsheng , wu shuhua
Published: May 2021

Background: Detection of tumor abnormal protein (TAP) is a recently developed but not widely used method for screening malignancies. This study is aimed to assess the ability of TAP level in distinguishing solid malignancies. Methods: The TAP levels were compared between malignancies and benign disease patients, and the distinguish ability were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We further analyzed TAP levels in physical examination populations with different genders and age， and compared clinical parameters in TAP positive and negative groups. Results: We found that TAP levels were getting higher from benign to precancerous lesions and to malignancies, and TAP levels were decreased after tumor resection. ROC curve analysis showed that TAP levels might aid to distinguish between malignancies and benign diseases. In the physical examination populations, the positive ratio of TAP was 3.7% (4.6% to female and 3.1% to male), and the TAP levels were higher in female. The TAP levels in populations above 60 year age were higher than those in less than 60 years, which increased with age. The hemoglobin levels were lower in TAP positive populations. Conclusion: TAP was an effective biomarker of screening and following-up for malignancies. There may be some potential links between TAP and hemoglobin, which deserve further studies.
An Autophagy-related Long Non-coding RNA Prognostic Signature for Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shen Yujie , Huang Huiying , Huang Qiang , zhou liang
Published: May 2021

Background: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common malignant tumor in the head and neck. Considering the role of autophagy in tumor development and drug resistance, we investigated the potential prognostic value of autophagy-related long no-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LSCC patients. Methods: Autophagy-related lncRNAs were screened out based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, five autophagy-related lncRNAs with prognostic value were identified through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Based on these prognosis-related lncRNAs, a risk signature was established, and the patients with LSCC were divided into the low- and high-risk groups. Finally, a nomogram based on the prognosis signature was constructed. Results: The overall survival time of the high-risk group was significantly shorter than that of the low-risk one (p<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to further confirm the validity of the model (ROC of training set: 0.841, ROC of test set: 0.718, ROC of entire set: 0.757). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that ours is an independent prognosis signature of LSCC. The nomogram integrating the five-lncRNA signature and clinical factors was then constructed for clinical application. Conclusion: In summary, our signature of the five autophagy-associated lncRNAs can serve as an effective prognostic indicator for patients with LSCC.
Clinical Significance of Fbxw7 Tumor Suppressor Gene Mutations and Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shang Wei , Yan Chuanwang , Liu Ran , Chen Lili , Cheng Dongdong , Hao Liang , Yuan Wenguang , Chen Jingbo , Yang Hui
Published: May 2021

Background: Various studies investigating the clinical significance of FBXW7 mutation and/or expression have yielded inconclusive results in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Therefore, the present meta-analysis summarizes previous evidence and evaluates the clinical significance, including the prognostic role, of FBXW7 status in CRCs. Methods: The meta-analysis was conducted by searching the databases of PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG data, Web of Science, Embase, and Web of Science. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the relationships between FBXW7 status and clinicopathological features and survival in CRC, respectively.Results: Ten studies involving 4199 patients met the inclusion criteria and included in our meta-analysis. FBXW7 mutation/low expression was obviously correlated with advanced T stage (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.27–0.74, P < 0.01) and lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.40–2.53, P < 0.01), but was not associated with other parameters. Further investigation found that FBXW7 mutation/low expression predicted poor OS (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06–1.47, P < 0.01), but not DFS in CRC (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.60–1.82, P = 0.88). Subgroup analysis found that FBXW7 status was obviously correlated with OS in cohorts recruited after 2009 (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.17–1.50, P < 0.01), from eastern Asia (HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04–1.55, P = 0.02), detected by immunohistochemistry/qRT-PCR (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.22–1.59, P < 0.01), and analysed with multivariate method (HR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.25–1.74, P < 0.01). Conclusions: This study indicates that FBXW7 status, expression level especially, is associated with OS but not DFS in CRC. FBXW7 expression level may function as a prognostic biomarker in CRC.
Genome-wide association mapping in wheat reveals novel QTLs and potential candidate genes involved in resistance to septoria tritici blotch
Authors: Mahboubi Mozghan , Talebi Reza , Mehrabi Rahim , Naji Amir Mohammad , Maccaferri Marco , Kema Gert
Published: May 2021

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat that can lead to significant yield losses worldwide. In this study, we analyzed STB resistance pattern of 185 diverse bread wheat genotypes at the seedling stage in order to confirm known resistance genes or identifying novel putative QTLs conferring resistance to STB. The phenotyping data using 10 Z. tritici isolates showed that large genetic variance exists for STB infection in wheat germplasm. Genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) using CMLM algorithm identified 37 quantitative-trait loci (QTL) for resistance to STB on 17 chromosomes. Most of QTLs overlapped with known STB resistance genes, while GWAS scan revealed several newly identified QTLs on chromosomes 4A, 5D and 6D for resistance to STB. Genome annotation of marker-trait association (MTA) against wheat reference genome revealed 29 MTAs corresponded to the putative genes, which their functional descriptions identifiers included diseases resistance proteins in plants. These MTAs and novel QTLs associated with STB resistance found here, can be used in future wheat breeding programs to recombine different loci for durable resistance to STB.
Quantum-like Gaussian Mixture Model
Authors: Wichert Andreas
Published: May 2021

A new concept of a quantum-like mixture model is introduced. It describes the mixture distribution with the assumption that a point is generated by each Gaussian at the same time. The decision boundary of a quantum-like mixture Gaussian corresponds as well to the separation of probabilities for the switching Kalman filter.
The quantum-like mixture Gaussian can improve the classification accuracy in machine learning by indicating the uncertain points should not be assigned to any class. We will demonstrate the principle by he Gaussian mixture model for classification of the iris data set. The use of this data set in cluster analysis is not common, since the data set only contains two clusters with rather obvious separation.
Linguistic Purpose and Historical Implications of Malapropism and Code-Switching in the Philippines
Authors: Estremera Michael Laguidao
Published: May 2021

The present article underpins the affirmation that colonization does have historical, linguistic, and cultural impact. Specifically, this paper explores the social malapropism and code-switching as trails of colonization dented by the American and Spanish regimes in the Philippines. The author concludes that malapropism occurs coupled with the code-switching linguistic phenomenon. Most of the malapropism episodes transpired is a prelude to shifting from one language to another. These occurrences have veiled implications and purposes which are established by the semantic features of the discourses. Collectively, the linguistic influence handed down by the colonizers had been found to be the chief contributory factor to the preceding phenomena. Bilingualism or even multilingualism induces malapropism and code-switching occurrences inevitably. The incompetence in choosing appropriate words and the low cache of lexical terms slightly affects the preceding phenomena. Taking into account the outcomes and conclusion, teachers must be cognizant of these occurrences to be able to cope with these phenomena accordingly thereby convert such drawbacks to communication into rich opportunities for meaningful classroom tête-à-tête. To the extent that there is complete communication cycle in malapropism and code-switching discourses, these could be exploited as bridges to learn the L2. Since there has likewise been language assimilation in code-switching, such can be used as an opportunity to master the second language by guiding learners toward fluency and accuracy. Morphological and phonological awareness will symbiotically follow sooner through series of drills and philosophical practice of the language.
Subtitling Strategies of Swear Words in Deadpool One & Deadpool Two Film
Authors: Rohmawati Rohmawati
Published: May 2021

Subtitles has always been seen as a savior by a lot of people because it breaks all language barriers and made various films and series to be more understandable and watchable. However, the act of subtitling is not as easy as other people think. There are so many restraints in subtitling. One of those restrains is cultural differences in translating swear words. This research aims to obtain data concerning the subtitling strategies of swear words that are found in the subtitles of Deadpool One and Deadpool Two films. The descriptive qualitative method is employed because this research relies on the data obtained from subtitles, which are non-numerical data, and the data analysis will be served descriptively. The results of this research show that according to Gottlieb's (1992) theory, the subtitlers for Deadpool One and Deadpool Two used six different subtitling strategies in each film. The subtitler in Deadpool One tends to use the paraphrase and deletion strategies, followed by condensation, decimation, and transfer, with expansion being the least employed. The subtitler in Deadpool Two, on the other hand, employs deletion as the most used strategy. The subtitler's next most used strategies are paraphrase, condensation, decimation, and transfer; the least commonly employed strategy is expansion.
Modeling and dynamic analysis of hydraulic damping rubber mount for cab under larger amplitude excitation
Authors: Liao Xin , Sun Xiaojuan , Wang Hu
Published: May 2021

In order to improve the ride comfort of the cab of construction machinery and reduce the harm of vibration to the driver, the lumped parameter model of passive hydraulic damping rubber mount (PHDRM) considering the nonlinearity of multi-inertial tracks is first established. Then the overall FE (finite element) fluid-solid coupling model of the vibration isolator is proposed by using ABAQUS combined simulation mode in this paper. Meanwhile, Combined with bidirectional strong coupling algorithm, the parameters of the rubber main spring and inertial track are identified respectively. Also, the dynamic characteristic experiments of the PHDRM samples are carried out. The experiment results show that the analytical solution and FE modeling method of the HDRM system are reliable and accurate under larger amplitude excitation. On the basis of this, the effects of the rubber main spring and inertial track of PHDRM on low frequency dynamic characteristics under larger amplitude excitation are respectively analyzed and discussed. It provides practical reference value for nonlinear modeling method research and dynaimc performance analysis of PHDRM with complex structure further.
Evaluating Fresh and Hardened Properties of High-Strength Concrete Including Closed Steel Fibres
Authors: Al-Qutaifi Sarah , Bagheri Ali
Published: May 2021

Background:

The tensile strength of the plain concrete is weak. Thus, fibres are embedded in concrete to improve its ductility. However, pulling out steel fibres from concrete structures is one of the most encountered issues in the fiber-reinforced concrete, which hinders using their maximum capacities.

Objectives:

Thus, closed steel fibres (square shape) were incorporated into concrete mixes to evaluate their impacts against the pulling-out effects and assess the feasibility of applying Closed Steel Fibres (CSFs) on the fresh and hardened concrete properties. Hooked end and straight steel fibres were also investigated for comparison.

Methods:

The utilized steel fibres were incorporated with lengths of 20, 30, and 40 mm, and volume fractions of 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%. Silica Fume (SF) was involved in the fibre-reinforced concrete mixtures at 7% of the cement weight.

Results:

Paper outcomes stated that the inclusion of steel fibres involved different impacts on the concrete compressive strength depending on the applied fibre geometries and content.

Conclusion:

CSFs exhibited better performance against the pulling-out effect from the surrounding concrete structure than those of hooked end and straight steel fibres. However, the addition of CSFs has increased the concrete permeability due to their poor space-filling capacity.
Оценка жизнеспособности живых тканевых эквивалентов под действием импульсного тока со смещением
Authors: Шершунова Е.А. , Ребров И.Е. , Мищенко В.В. , Крюков А.И. , Воротеляк Е.А. , Роговая О.С.
Published: May 2021

The paper deals with an electrophysical device for combined electroporative-iontophoretic effect on biological membranes. The experimental results on the influence of a pulsed current source with displacement on the viability of living tissue equivalents (LTE) cells are presented. There were obtained values ​​of pulse electrophysical parameters providing preservation of LTE cell vitality. According to the obtained data we suggest that such electrophysical parameters can be used for drugs delivery through the equivalent of the round window membrane and for creation in the future a technology for the administration of drugs through biological barriers with the possibility of their penetration into the inner ear using pulsed electrical installations.
Vacunas SARS-CoV-2: evolución y escape
Authors: Rivero-Herrera Ricardo , González-Tous Marco , Mattar Salim
Published: May 2021

El SARS-CoV-2 fue declarado como un virus pandémico hace un año y ha causado más de 130 millones de casos confirmados y 2.8 millones de muertes alrededor del mundo. A finales de 2020, las vacunas basadas en la proteína spike de SARS-CoV-2 fueron las primeras aprobadas en la emergencia sanitaria. La proteína spike interacciona con el receptor ACE2 humano en el inicio del proceso de infección, este conocimiento básico dio inicio a una vacuna que tuviera como blanco de acción el spike para de esa forma desencadenar la acción de los anticuerpos neutralizantes. Las vacunas aplicadas en el hemisferio occidental no siguen la vía tradicional de los virus atenuados o inactivos, la nueva moda son las metodologías de ARN mensajero, algunos insertados en vectores virales que presentan el antígeno ante las células del sistema inmune e inducen memoria humoral. Sin embargo, existen vacunas basadas en péptidos recombinantes, virus atenuados e inactivos, aplicadas exitosamente en Latinoamérica y Asia, que superan las limitaciones de temperatura de almacenamiento y aspectos geopolíticos.
A Change Talk Model for Abstinence Based on Web-Based Anonymous Gambler Chat Meeting Data by Using an Automatic Change Talk Classifier: Development Study
Authors: Yokotani Kenji
Published: May 2021

Background

Change and sustain talks (negative and positive comments) on gambling have been relevant for determining gamblers’ outcomes but they have not been used to clarify the abstinence process in anonymous gambler meetings.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop a change talk model for abstinence based on data extracted from web-based anonymous gambler chat meetings by using an automatic change talk classifier.

Methods

This study used registry data from the internet. The author accessed web-based anonymous gambler chat meetings in Japan and sampled 1.63 million utterances (two-sentence texts) from 267 abstinent gamblers who have remained abstinent for at least three years and 1625 nonabstinent gamblers. The change talk classifier in this study automatically classified gamblers’ utterances into change and sustain talks.

Results

Abstinent gamblers showed higher proportions of change talks and lower probability of sustain talks compared with nonabstinent gamblers. The change talk model for abstinence, involving change and sustain talks, classified abstinent and nonabstinent gamblers through the use of a support vector machine with a radial basis kernel function. The model also indicated individual evaluation scores for abstinence and the ideal proportion of change talks for all participants according to their previous utterances.

Conclusions

Abstinence likelihood among gamblers can be increased by providing personalized evaluation values and indicating the optimal proportion of change talks. Moreover, this may help to prevent severe mental, social, and financial problems caused by the gambling disorder.
Status Quo and Research Trends of Neurosurgical Departments in China: Bibliometric and Scientometric Analyses
Authors: Ni Bowen , He Minyi , Cao Bei , He Jianmin , Liu Yawei , Zhao Zhen
Published: May 2021

Background

Modern neurosurgery is a relatively young discipline characterized by finesse and complexity. In recent years, neurosurgery in China has made continuous developments, with long-term progress and outstanding discoveries in many aspects of the field.

Objective

This scientometric investigation aimed to comprehensively provide insight into the development trends of neurosurgery in China, to demonstrate how the field has evolved.

Methods

PubMed database was searched to retrieve relevant papers published between 1988 and 2018 from neurosurgery institutions in China. The database of the National Natural Science Foundation of China was also retrieved for funding information. Information (eg, year of publication, journal, institute of origin) and keywords were collected from each paper after removing duplicates and filtering unintentional words. Co-word analysis was performed on the papers’ keywords, and a time distribution matrix of coexisting keywords in a given paper (ie, termed co-words) was established. Co-words were clustered according to their growth rate within years and visually presented with a mountain plot and a heatmap. Trends and potential subspecialties were identified, and each topic, represented either by a co-word from publications or funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China during the period from 2011 to 2018, was collected and analyzed.

Results

Within 15,972 publications on neurosurgery from institutions in China, diagnostic image was found to coexist the most with other keywords. Cluster 0, represented by diagnostic image with retrospective study, contained emerging topics with great developmental potential and demonstrated high growth rates in recent years. This finding suggests that the topics represented in Cluster 0 may represent future areas of important neurosurgical research. We also found that the developmental trend of China’s neurosurgical research is highly correlated with National Natural Science Foundation of China funding acquisition.

Conclusions

Co-word analysis and visualization results provided insight into the emerging research topics that are of vital importance, which can be used as a reference by neurosurgeons and researchers for future investigations. In this study, our analysis strategy based on co-word biclustering was able to clearly demonstrate current academic subject development; therefore, co-word biclustering is a reliable bibliometric analysis strategy.
Implementation of Wearable Sensors and Digital Alerting Systems in Secondary Care: Protocol for a Real-World Prospective Study Evaluating Clinical Outcomes (Preprint)
Authors: Iqbal Fahad Mujtaba , Joshi Meera , Khan Sadia , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Advancements in wearable sensors have caused a resurgence in their use, particularly because their miniaturization offers ambulatory advantages while performing continuous vital sign monitoring. Digital alerts can be generated following early recognition of clinical deterioration through breaches of set parameter thresholds, permitting earlier intervention. However, a systematic real-world evaluation of these alerting systems has yet to be conducted, and their efficacy remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to implement wearable sensors and digital alerting systems in acute general wards to evaluate the resultant clinical outcomes.

METHODS

Participants on acute general wards will be screened and recruited into a trial with a pre-post implementation design. In the preimplementation phase, the SensiumVitals monitoring system, which continuously measures temperature, heart, and respiratory rates, will be used for monitoring alongside usual care. In the postimplementation phase, alerts will be generated from the SensiumVitals system when pre-established thresholds for vital parameters have been crossed, requiring acknowledgement from health care staff; subsequent clinical outcomes will be analyzed.

RESULTS

Enrolment is currently underway, having started in September 2017, and is anticipated to end shortly. Data analysis is expected to be completed in 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will offer insight into the implementation of digital health technologies within a health care trust and aims to describe the effectiveness of wearable sensors for ambulatory continuous monitoring and digital alerts on clinical outcomes in acute general ward settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04638738; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04638738.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/26240
The Use of Social Media in Detecting Drug Safety–Related New Black Box Warnings, Labeling Changes, or Withdrawals: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Jae-Young , Lee Yae-Seul , Kim Dong Hyun , Lee Han Sol , Yang Bo Ram , Kim Myeong Gyu
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Social media has become a new source for obtaining real-world data on adverse drug reactions. Many studies have investigated the use of social media to detect early signals of adverse drug reactions. However, the trustworthiness of signals derived from social media is questionable. To confirm this, a confirmatory study with a positive control (eg, new black box warnings, labeling changes, or withdrawals) is required.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the use of social media in detecting new black box warnings, labeling changes, or withdrawals in advance.

METHODS

This scoping review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. A researcher searched PubMed and EMBASE in January 2021. Original studies analyzing black box warnings, labeling changes, or withdrawals from social media were selected, and the results of the studies were summarized.

RESULTS

A total of 14 studies were included in this scoping review. Most studies (8/14, 57.1%%) collected data from a single source, and 10 (71.4%) used specialized health care social networks and forums. The analytical methods used in these studies varied considerably. Three studies (21.4%) manually annotated posts, while 5 (35.7%) adopted machine learning algorithms. Nine studies (64.2%) concluded that social media could detect signals 3 months to 9 years before action from regulatory authorities. Most of these studies (8/9, 88.9%) were conducted on specialized health care social networks and forums. On the contrary, 5 (35.7%) studies yielded modest or negative results. Of these, 2 (40%) used generic social networking sites, 2 (40%) used specialized health care networks and forums, and 1 (20%) used both generic social networking sites and specialized health care social networks and forums. The most recently published study recommends not using social media for pharmacovigilance. Several challenges remain in using social media for pharmacovigilance regarding coverage, data quality, and analytic processing.

CONCLUSIONS

Social media, along with conventional pharmacovigilance measures, can be used to detect signals associated with new black box warnings, labeling changes, or withdrawals. Several challenges remain; however, social media will be useful for signal detection of frequently mentioned drugs in specialized health care social networks and forums. Further studies are required to advance natural language processing and mine real-world data on social media.