bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dumbell hydatid disease of spine with posterior paraspinal muscle involvement
Authors: Jagadale Ranjeet Ramesh , Yashi Kanicka , Umamaheswara Reddy V. , Agrawal Amit
Published: September 2015

Spinal hydatid disease is a rare form of hydatid disease caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). Dogs are primarily the definitive hosts of E. granulosus with man and sheep serving as intermediate hosts. Spinal HD contributes to approximately 45 % of all skeletal hydatid disease cases. Spinal HD is perhaps the worst form of parasitic infestations associated with morbidity requiring surgical correction. Braithwaite and Lees have classified spinal hydatids into five types (1) intramedullary (2) intradural extramedullary (3) extradural intraspinal disease (4) vertebral hydatid (5) paravertebral hydatid. When hydatid disease from spinal canal extends into retroperitoneal space through the neural foramen, it gives dumbell formation (similar to nerve sheath tumors). Symptoms of hydatid are mainly due to compressive effects of the cyst, low back pain accompanying motor weakness, sensory disturbances, bowel and bladder disturbances and cauda equina syndrome. Extensive vertebral hydatidosis can cause fractures of vertebrae. Serology tests are used in diagnosing suspected cases of hydatid disease. MRI with soft tissue detail is more preferable than other modalities in diagnosing spinal hydatid. Successful treatment of spinal hydatid disease necessitates adequate neuroimaging evaluation, careful surgical removal without spillage of cystic components and adding adjuvant chemotherapy in few cases is the mainstay of treatment. Sometimes when it is difficult to retrieve all the cysts in toto, debulking is advised.
Philip Wayne Powell, the Cold War, and the Conquest of Northern Mexico
Authors: Folsom Raphael B.
Published: September 2015

The writings of the U.S. scholar Philip Wayne Powell have had an enduring influence on the historiography of colonial Mexico and the Spanish borderlands. But his writings have never been examined as a unified corpus, and so the deeply reactionary political ideology that lay behind them has never been well understood. By analyzing Powell’s political convictions, this article shows how contemporary scholarship on the conquest of northern Mexico can emerge from Powell’s long shadow.

Los escritos del estudioso estadounidense Philip Wayne Powell han ejercido una influencia perdurable sobre la historiografía del México colonial y las zonas fronterizas españolas. Sin embargo, dichos escritos nunca han sido examinados como un corpus unificado, de manera que la ideología política profundamente reaccionaria detrás de ellos nunca ha sido bien comprendida. Al analizar las convicciones políticas de Powell, el presente artículo muestra cómo puede surgir un conocimiento contemporáneo sobre la conquista del norte de México a partir de la larga sombra de Powell.
Description of focal liver lesions with using Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI
Authors: Caraiani Cosmin-Nicolae , Dan Marian , Fenesan Diana-Ioana , Badea Radu
Published: September 2015

Imaging procedures play a fundamental role in the therapeutic management of focal liver lesions. The goals of imaging are to detect and correctly characterize focal liver lesions. This review highlights the performances of newer, liver-specific, contrast media in the diagnosis of focal liver lesions, particularly Gd-EOB-DTPA (Primovist), the most frequently used liver specific contrast media. It has been shown, in different papers, that Gd-EOB-DTPA has better performances compared to either triphasic contrast enhanced computed tomography or dynamic MRI in both detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma on the cirrhotic liver. Therefore liver MRI with Primovist is considered, in many centers, the "state-of-the-art" imaging examination of the liver before surgery or liver transplantation. Gd-EOB-DTPA is also useful in the differential diagnosis of benign hypervascular focal liver lesions such as adenomas or focal nodular hyperplasias.
Neuroimaging in pediatric phakomatoses. An educational review
Authors: Raus Iulian , Coroiu Roxana Elena , Capusan Cosmin Serban
Published: September 2015

Phakomatoses are a group of more than 30 entities with an inheritance pattern that primarily affects the central nervous system, skin, viscera and connective tissue. The aim of this paper is to make an educational review of the most common radiological findings on phakomatoses through the iconography of the cases collected in our magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT) units over the last ten years. Also, we describe and illustrate by these techniques the main features of the most common entities within the wide spectrum of diseases. As highly variable and age dependent, imaging techniques have an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients. Increased awareness for the need to implement and conduct screening programs could be considered as a solution to prevent late diagnosis and to treat the patients in early stages of disease.
Factors involved in the etiology of temporomandibular disorders - a literature review
Authors: Chisnoiu Andrea Maria , Picos Alina Monica , Popa Sever , Chisnoiu Petre Daniel , Lascu Liana , Picos Andrei , Chisnoiu Radu
Published: September 2015

Background and aim. This review aims at presenting a current view on the most frequent factors involved in the mechanisms causing temporomandibular disorders (TMD).Method. We conducted a critical review of the literature for the period January 2000 to December 2014 to identify factors related to TMD development and persistence.Results. The etiology of TMD is multidimensional: biomechanical, neuromuscular, bio-psychosocial and biological factors may contribute to the disorder. Occlusal overloading and parafunctions (bruxism) are frequently involved as biomechanical factors; increased levels of estrogen hormones are considered biological factors affecting the temporo-mandibular-joint. Among bio-psychosocial factors, stress, anxiety or depression, were frequently encountered.Conclusions. The etiopathogenesis of this condition is poorly understood, therefore TMDs are difficult to diagnose and manage. Early and correct identification of the possible etiologic factors will enable the appropriate treatment scheme application in order to reduce or eliminate TMDs debilitating signs and symptoms.
MEASUREMENT OF CURRENT PERCEPTION THRESHOLDS USING THE NEUROMETER® – APPLICABILITY IN DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
Authors: Inceu Georgeta Victoria , Veresiu Ioan Andrei
Published: September 2015

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is continuously growing worldwide, while the specific chronic complications that it induces have a negative impact on life expectancy andquality, entailing extremely high costs of healthcare services. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes, affecting almost half of diabetic people during life.This review aims at summarizing the evidence on the advantages and the usefulness of current perception threshold measurement for peripheral diabetic neuropathy assessment. Among the different methods used for the screening and diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy, measurement of current perception threshold using the Neurometer® has the ability to assess three sub-types of nerve fiber by producing transcutaneous electrical stimuli at frequencies of 2000, 250 and 5 Hz.Current evidence shows that this method provides a useful, noninvasive evaluation technique of patients with peripheral nervous system disorders, being able to detect neuropathy in the earliest and asymptomatic stages.
The role of hormones in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Roman Iulia Ioana , Constantin Anne-Marie , Marina Mihaela Elena , Orasan Remus Ioan
Published: September 2015

Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, common skin disease, which affects the patient’s quality of life to the highest degree. Several exogenous factors and endogenous hormonal changes may act as triggers for psoriasis.The skin possesses a true endocrine system, which is very important in multiple systemic diseases. A number of conditions are associated with psoriasis, and its severity can also be influenced by hormones. Even though the sex hormones and prolactin have a major role in psoriasis pathogenicity, there are a lot of other hormones which can influence the psoriasis clinical manifestations: glucocorticoids, epinephrine, thyroid hormones, and insulin.
Investigation of thyroid nodules in the female population in Cyprus and in Romania
Authors: Piciu Andra , Andrianou Xanthi D. , Irimie Alexandru , Bălăcescu Ovidiu , Zira Christina , Bărbuș Elena , Peștean Claudiu , Aristeidou Kyriakos , Theofanous Thalia , Agathokleous Margerita , Piciu Doina , Makris Konstantinos C.
Published: September 2015

Background and aims. The most common thyroid disorders, with an increasing detection worldwide, are the thyroid nodules and  thyroiditis, which leads to an increase of thyroid cancer incidence . In two different countries with a different exposure to risk factors for thyroid cancer, such as Cyprus and Romania, the rank of thyroid cancer among other neoplasms is very different: the 3rd most prevalent cancer among females in Cyprus and the 12th in Romania, respectively. Environmental chemicals, such as bisphenol A have a proven effect on the thyroid function. However, the relation between the exposure to the endocrine disruptor and the development of thyroid nodules, with a potential of malignant transformation has not been previously studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential factors that lead to the difference of thyroid nodules incidence in the mentioned countries.Methods. A pilot case-control study has been conducted in 2014-2015 in the “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță” Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and the Endocrinology Department of Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus. Females older than 20 years with no medical history were recruited. Cases were women with ultrasound-confirmed thyroid nodules of size >3mm. Controls were women without thyroid nodules after ultrasound confirmation. All participants provided blood samples for measurements of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (FT4), anti- thyroglobulin (ATg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (ATPO); urine samples. Demographics, anthropometrics and other relevant information were provided through the administration of a questionnaire.Results. In Romania we selected 51 patients with thyroid nodules (case group) and 41 without thyroid nodules (control group) and in Cyprus 57 cases, respectively 65 controls. After the statistical analysis of the data collected we observed statistically significant differences between the populations of the two countries regarding BMI and the value of the thyroid hormones and antibodies.Conclusions. Using the data observed in this study, differences were found between Cyprus and Romania among females with thyroid nodules the BMI, and the level of thyroid hormones had statistically significant differences. This study reports preliminary data, further analysis of environmental exposures to chemical factors that might have a certain influence over the thyroid in the two countries will follow.
The importance of the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in oncology
Authors: Cetean Sînziana , Căinap Călin , Constantin Anne-Marie , Căinap Simona , Gherman Alexandra , Oprean Luminița , Hangan Adriana , Oprean Radu
Published: September 2015

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein, the second CSF, sharing some common effects with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and interleukin-5 (IL-5). G-CSF is mainly produced by fibroblasts and endothelial cells from bone marrow stroma and by immunocompetent cells (monocytes, macrophages). The receptor for G-CSF (G-CSFR) is part of the cytokine and hematopoietin receptor superfamily and G-CSFR mutations cause severe congenital neutropenia.The main action of G-CSF - G-CSFR linkage is stimulation of the production, mobilization, survival and chemotaxis of neutrophils, but there are many other G-CSF effects: growth and migration of endothelial cells, decrease of norepinephrine reuptake, increase in osteoclastic activity and decrease in osteoblast activity.In oncology, G-CSF is utilized especially for the primary prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, but it can be used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, it can produce monocytic differentiation of some myeloid leukemias and it can increase some drug resistance.The therapeutic indications of G-CSF are becoming more and more numerous: non neutropenic patients infections, reproductive medicine, neurological disturbances, regeneration therapy after acute myocardial infarction and of skeletal muscle, and hepatitis C therapy.
THE ARTERY BLOOD SUPPLY VARIANT OF THE UPPER LIMB
Authors: Maslarski Ivan
Published: September 2015

Variations of arterial patterns in the upper limb have represented the most common subject of vascular anatomy. Different types of artery branching pattern of the upper limb are very important for orthopedists in angiographic and microvascular surgical practice.The brachial artery (BA) is the most important vessel in the normal vascular anatomy of the upper limb. The classical pattern of the palmar hand region distribution shows the superficial palmar arch. Normally this arch is formed by the superficial branch of the ulnar artery and completed on the lateral side by one of these arteries: the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery, the princeps pollicis artery, the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery or the median artery.After the routine dissection of the right upper limb of an adult male cadaver, we found a very rare variant of the superficial arch artery – a division in a higher level brachial artery. We found this division at 10.4 cm from the beginning of the brachial artery. This superficial brachial artery became a radial artery and was not involved in the formation of the palm arch. In the forearm region, the artery variant was present with the median artery and the ulnar artery, which form the superficial palm arch.
ROMANIAN VERSION OF THE ORAL HEALTH IMPACT PROFILE-49 QUESTIONNAIRE: VALIDATION AND PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE PSYCHOMETRICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Grecu Alexandru Gratian , Dudea Diana , Balazsi Robert , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian
Published: September 2015

Background and aims: Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) represents a multidimensional structure, being measured by complex instruments, such as the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). The aim of this present study is to develop and test the psychometric properties of an initial Romanian (OHIP-49Ro) version.Methods: The original OHIP-49 version was translated using a forward-backward technique into the Romanian OHIP-49Ro, which was applied in an interview form to 150 patients of the Second Medical Clinique of Internal Medicine, Cluj-Napoca. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied, in order to evaluate the factor structure and construct validity of the OHIP-49Ro.Results: The correlations between the OHIP-49Ro subscales were all positive and statistically significant.  Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients values are above 0.7 for all subscales, providing support for the internal consistency of OHIP-49Ro scale scores. Regarding the CFA, for the seven factor model, the Bentler scaled chi-square (S–Bχ2) indicated a value of 2193.74 (df = 1091; p = 0.001), the CFI a value of 0.740, the TLI a value of 0.72 and RMSEA the value of 0.82.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest a high internal consistency of the OHIP-49Ro instrument. Due to the correlations between several sets of factors, and the multiple-factorial load for several items, the OHIP-49Ro’s factorial structure requires further research on different samples and in different cultural and educational contexts.
Extension of the known geographic distribution of Diplomys labilis (Mammalia: Rodentia: Echimyidae): first record for Costa Rica
Authors: Ramírez-Fernández José Daniel , Córdoba-Alfaro Jim , Salas-Solano Diego , Durán A. Francisco J. , Rodríguez-Herrera Bernal
Published: September 2015

The Rufous Tree Rat, Diplomys labilis, is known to range geographically from Central Panamá to Colombia and probably Ecuador. It occurs in a variety of habitat types where it moves by the branches in the high canopy at night. We report the Rufous Tree Rat for Costa Rica, ranging outside its geographical distribution about 490 km west from its type locality.
Effect of Surface Nanotopography on Bone Response to Titanium Implant
Authors: Freitas Gileade P. , Lopes Helena B. , Martins-Neto Evandro C. , de Oliveira Paulo T. , Beloti Marcio M. , Rosa Adalberto L.
Published: September 2015

Clinical success of implant therapy is directly related to titanium (Ti) surface properties and the quality of bone tissue. The treatment of Ti implants with H2SO4/H2O2 is a feasible, reproducible, and low-cost technique to create surface nanotopography (Ti-Nano). As this nanotopography induces osteoblast differentiation, we hypothesized that it may affect bone response to Ti. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the bone response to a machined Ti implant treated with H2SO4/H2O2 to generate Ti-Nano and to compare it with a commercially available microtopographic Ti implant (Ti-Porous). Implants were placed in rabbit tibias and evaluated after 2 and 6 weeks, and the bone tissue formed around them was assessed by microtomography to record bone volume, bone surface, specific bone surface, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation. Undecalcified histological sections were used to determine the percentages of bone-to-implant contact, bone area formed between threads, and bone area formed in the mirror area. At the end of 6 weeks, the removal torque was evaluated using a digital torque gauge. The results showed bone formation in close contact with both Ti-Nano and Ti-Porous implants without relevant morphological and morphometric differences, in addition to a similar removal torque irrespective of surface topography. In conclusion, our results have shown that a simple and low-cost method using H2SO4/H2O2 is highly efficient for creating nanotopography on Ti surfaces, which elicits a similar bone response compared with microtopography presented in a commercially available Ti implant.
Impacts of Self-Congruity with Bakery on Store Loyalty of Bakery Consumers
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lim Sung-Yun , Chong Yu-Kyeong
Published: September 2015

In this study, the impacts of self-congruity with bakery on store loyalty of bakery consumers were analyzed. For analysis, actual self-congruity and ideal self-congruity were set as independent variables and store loyalty was set as an dependent variable. For hypothesis verification, analysis was carried out using a structural equation. As a result, actual self- congruity and ideal self-congruity both had significantly positive impacts on store loyalty. This result implies that functional attributes such as taste, price and accessibility were major selection criteria in the past, but currently, images are important in the bakery industry and self-congruity is a major factor to influence revisit of consumers. It was also revealed that there was a moderating effect of bakery purchase channels in the group of franchise bakery consumers and the group of private bakery consumers. This means that there is a need to plan a differentiated marketing strategy for each bakery purchase channel to induce loyalty of consumers.
Keywords Network Analysis of Temple Stay Using Big-Data
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kim Bo-Kyung , Kim Mi-Kyung
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine what people think importantly regarding temple stay. To attain the goal, instead of examining it through research or survey like before, this study is going to analyze tons of information left by people centering around search keywords related with temple stay. The subjects of this research are blogs and twitters provided by NAVER and DAUM, and the data were analyzed from November 24th until December 14th, 2014. According to the results of the analysis, keywords associated with temples for temple stay, tourist spots around them, accompanying companions, and those targeted by temple stay rank mainly at the top, and people’s general recognition on temple stay is mostly positive.
Estimating the Economic Impacts of Korean Wave(Hallyu) TourismUsing an Input-Output Model
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, An So-Hyun , Lee Choong-Ki
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic impacts of Korean Wave(Hallyu) tourism using an Input-Output(I-O) model. Tourism multipliers were derived in terms of output, income, value-added, employment, indirect tax, and import. An on-site survey was conducted for foreign tourists from December 2014 to January 2015 at Incheon airport, Gimpo airport, and airport railway in order to estimate Hallyu tourists and their expenditures. The survey results show that Hallyu tourists consisted of 46.3% of foreign tourists and per capita expenditure was estimated to be US$ 2,230. Total expenditures of Hallyu tourists were estimated to be approximately US$ 14,669 million when considering total Hallyu tourists and per capita expenditure. The results of I-O model indicate that total Hallyu tourist receipts generated 25,682 million dollars of output impact, 4,737 million dollars of income impact, 185,228 equivalent full time jobs, and 11,358 million dollars of value-added impact, 178 million dollars of tax impact, and 3,022 million dollars of import impact.
The Effects of Transformational Leadership on Creative Role Identity and Creative ehavior in Foodservice Employees: The Moderating Effects of Team Climate Through Multi-level Analysis
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Park Kyong-Min , Kim Young-Gook
Published: September 2015

This study investigated the effects of transformational leadership on creative role identity and creative behavior among foodservice employees. Also, the moderating effect of team climate through a multi-level analysis was another research question. Data were collected by different levels of 35 teams and 396 employees. The analysis of HLM indicated that at the employee level, transformational leadership was significantly related to creative role identity and creative behavior. At the team level, the team climate was significantly related to creative role identity and creative behavior. Moreover, the team climate at the team levels was proved to be as a moderator on the relationship between creative role identity(creative behavior). The results contribute the team climate literature by applying a multi level perspective.
Understanding the Tourism Satisfaction Formation Process at Service Encounter from Resource Exchange Perspective
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Sang Sen-Yao , We Jang-Ryang , Lee In-Jae
Published: September 2015

Satisfaction of the rural tourists is affected by the quality of the social interaction in the service encounter. As a kind of social exchange behaviour, the social interaction is accompanied by the exchanges of various social resources. So this study aims to explore the relationship between the types of resources exchanged and tourists' satisfaction at the rural tourism service encounter. Further, it also examined the moderate effect of tourism motivation between their relationships. From the on-site survey, the total of 193 valid questionnaire were collected and analyzed in SPSS. As the results of this study, we found that three kinds of exchanged resources affected the satisfaction in a rural tourism context named love, social status and information. For testing the moderated effect of the motivation, we used two kinds of rural tourism motivations named 'entertainment' and 'escape.' As the result, we found that the escape motivation had a significant moderated effect on the relationship between love resource and satisfaction. And the entertainment motivation had a significant moderated effect on the relationship between social status and money resources and satisfaction.
A Study on a Benefit-Based Segmentation of Domestic Visitors of an Industrial Exhibition in the Game Industry: A Case Study of G-STAR 2014
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Ahn Young-Joo , Hyun Sung-Hyup , Kim In-Sin
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine benefits sought of G-STAR participation among domestic visitors. It is also to classify the visitors into segmented groups based on their benefits sought. Finally, this study examines differences in online and mobile game involvement and the awareness after participating in G-STAR 2014 among segmented groups. An onsite survey of visitors at G-STAR was conducted. Exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis were employed to identify market segments by using data collected from 404 respondents. The results of this study found three segmented groups. The results provided detailed profiles and differences in game involvement and awareness after G-STAR among the identified benefit-based segments. The importance of the development of customized exhibition programs in order to increase the awareness of the industrial exhibition among visitors is stressed.
Acute effects of Maitland’s central posteroanterior mobilization on youth with low back pain.
Authors: Abe Karina Yuko , Tozim Beatriz Mendes , Navega Marcelo Tavella
Published: September 2015

Introduction: The low back pain is the most prevalent between the musculoskeletal disorders, and it is the most common reasons ofabsence from work. The flexibility, mobility, strength and endurance of the low back stability influence and the disharmony betweenthese factors may result in low back pain. One of Maitland’s technique, which alter these factors, is posteroanterior (PA) mobilization.Objective: To analyze the posterior chain’s flexibility, low back’s mobility, trunk extensor’s endurance and low back extensors’ musclestrength after performed one treatment session using the Maitland method on youth with low back pain. Method: For this research,sixteen women (22 ± 3.03 years) with chronic low back pain participated. All volunteers were evaluated according to their perceptionof pain, flexibility, mobility, muscular strength and muscular endurance. The treatment protocol was the application of PA mobilizationon the five lumbar vertebrae, from caudal direction to cranial, of three series of one minute in each vertebra. The same proceduresof the initial evaluation were performed after the immediate application of PA mobilization technique (revaluation 1) and 7 days afterthe protocol (revaluation 2). The data were analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk’s normality test; analysis of variance (ANOVA) repeatedmeasures one-way with pos-hoc Bonferroni and Friedman’s ANOVA with pos-hoc Wilcoxon, with the level of significance of 5% (p< 0,05).Results: After PA mobilization application, there were significant improvements in muscular strength (immediate post-treatment andpast seven days) and muscular endurance (immediate post-treatment). There were no significant improvements in the other variables,such as, level of pain, and lumbar flexibility and mobility. Conclusion: The lumbar PA mobilization was effective for increasing muscularstrength and endurance, with stabilization of the level of pain, flexibility and mobility.
Influence of cryotherapy on balance and joint position sense in healthy subjects: randomized clinical trial.
Authors: Lins Caio Alano de Almeida , Macedo Liane de Brito , Silveira Renata Augusta Gomes , Borges Daniel Tezoni , Brasileiro Jamilson Simões
Published: September 2015

Background: Cryotherapy has been widely used in clinical practice, particularly for the treatment of acute injuries to soft tissues andvarious joints. However, since decrease in temperature can results in reduced nerve conduction velocity and proprioception, it cantherefore be assumed that cryotherapy, applied before exercise, can result in a greater predisposition of the joints to lesion. Thus, theobjective of this study was to evaluate the influence of cryotherapy on balance and knee joint position sense (JPS). Methods: We conducteda randomized single-blinded clinical trial, with thirty volunteers of both genders (age: 23.3 ± 2.5 years; BMI: 22.2 ± 2.1 Kg/m2), who wererandomly distributed into two groups with 15 subjects in each: control group - 20 minutes at rest; and experimental group - applicationof cryotherapy on the knee of the dominant lower limb, for 20 minutes. All subjects were submitted to the assessment of the balance,by means of computerized baropodometry and the JPS of the knee of the dominant lower limb (DLL) using an electrogoniometer,both open kinetic chain (OKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC), before and after the interventions. Statistical analysis was performedusing SPSS 20.0 software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the data normality and two-way ANOVA to verify intra andinter-group differences. The study was approved by the local Research and Ethics Committee (Approval no. 099/10). Results: Therewas a difference on the JPS assessed in OKC in the experimental group (p= 0.03). There was no alteration in the balance and the JPSwith CKC, in none of the groups tested (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Cryotherapy when applied on knee did not affect balance or the JPS withCKC of the knee, although alteration was observed in OKC. We therefore conclude that application of cryotherapy before exercises donot posses increased risk of myoarticular injuries, since the most of these activities is performed in CKC.
Challenging the Dominant Narrative: Critical Bilingual Leadership (Liderazgo) for Emergent Bilingual Latin@ Students
Authors: Wiemelt Joseph , Welton Anjale
Published: September 2015

The growing "Latinization" of the United States is drastically changing the demographics of the students served in PK-12 public schools (Irizarry, 2011). To understand how educational leaders can best serve this changing student demographic, we use Critical Bilingual Leadership, i.e. Liderazgo, to interrogate institutional and structural racism through the use of the testimonios of members of a school community that aim to create a culturally and linguistically responsive school. We found that liderazgo& was operationalized across the following themes: dual language programming as the foundation for equity; drawing on experiential knowledge as a strength; fostering relationships through transcaring; and instructional bilingual leadership.
Leadership for Equity and Social Justice in Arab And Jewish Schools in Israel: Leadership Trajectories and Pedagogical Praxis
Authors: Arar Khalid Husny
Published: September 2015

The research investigated how principals in Israel's Jewish and Arab school systems perceive and practice their role in promoting equitable education to bridge socio-economic and pedagogic gaps. It asked how Jewish and Arab principals understand the concept of social justice and what they do in order to promote social justice reality in their schools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 Arab and Jewish principals. Analysis of interviews indicated that Israeli education policy perpetuates ethnic and social gaps. The principals reported different personal trajectories that shaped their perceptions of social and described strategies used to promote social justice.
THE EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION PROBIOTIC Lactobacillus casei STRAIN Shirota L AGAINST COLONIZATION OF Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Swab ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Authors: Suryani Lilis
Published: September 2015

Staphylococcus aureus is the most important type of bacteria causing infections in humans. There are several potential factors for Staphylococcus aureus nasal careers in healthy adults, i.e. chronic sinusitis, the long-term skin trauma, respiratory allergies, asthma, allergen injection therapy. Probiotics are life microorganisms which have a positive effect on prevention or treatment of certain disease conditions when consumed. Manipulation of intestinal flora with probiotics for the prevention and treatment of rhinitis allergy should be developed. This study aims to determine the effect of supplementation probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain against colonization Staphylococcus aureus nasal swab isolates from patients with allergic rhinitis.
This research was quasi-experimental case-control design with a control group pretest-postest design. The study was conducted at the Microbiology and Research Laboratory School of Medicine Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta University, on February-July 2011. Fourty two students school of medicine Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta University, with the inclusion criteria suspect allergic rhinitis based on history. Volunteers who have a history of allergic rhinitis were taken nasal swab to check the number of S.aureus bacteria. Volunters consumed milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota daily for a month, then taken to be examined nasal swab S.aureus bacteria numbers.
The results showed that the average number of bacteria nasal swab isolates before supplementation about 92 CFU. After given the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain during a month, the average number of S.aureus about 27 CFU. It can be concluded that supplementation with Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota probiotics can reduce Staphylococcus aureus colonization in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus casei, allergic rhinitis
DETECTION OF ALKALOID, FLAVONOID, AND TERPENOID COMPOUNDS IN BREAD (Artocarpus communis Forst.) LEAVES AND PULPS
Authors: Kristanti Handriani , Tunjung Woro Anindito Sri
Published: September 2015

Leaves of bread tree (Sukun/ Artocarpus communis Forst.) can be used to cure skin diseases, heart, kidneys, and inflamation. The advantageous of bread might be related with its secondary metabolite compounds. The purpose of this research was to detect and compare the content of alkaloid, flavonoid, and terpenoid compounds in bread leaves and pulps using Thin layer Chromatography (TLC) methods. The coloring reagents were dragendorf for alkaloid, sitroborat for flavanoid and sulfate vanillin for terpenoid. Reference compounds used for alkaloid is quinine, rutine for the flavonoid, and terpeniol for terpenoid. The result indicated that alkaloid were detected in chloroform extracts of leaves with Rf score 0.76 and methanol extracts with Rf 0.8, while the alkaloid in pulps weren’t detected. This showed that the leaves were contain of polar and nonpolar alkaloid. Flavonoid were detected in leaves with Rf value 0.89 and in pulps with Rf value 0.9. This result indicated that flavonoid in the leaves and pulps possibly the same compound. Terpenoid were detected in the methanol and chloroform extract of leaves (4 spots) and pulps (2 spots). Moreover, there were spots which have the same Rf value in chloroform and methanol extracts of the leaves (Rf :0,625 and 0,99). In addition, the pulps extracts (chloroform and methanol) have the same Rf values with reference, that was 0,31. It was proved that the pulps contain terpeniol. It can be concluded that alkaloid was only detected in leaves, while flavonoid and terpenoid present in leaves and pulps of bread tree.

Keywords : Artocarpus communis Forst., alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, TLC.
POTENCY OF BRASSICACEAE EXTRACTS AS AN APOPTOSIS ENCHANCER IN BLOOD CELLS MICE EXPOSED TO LEAD ACETATE
Authors: Syarif Supartini , _ Madihah
Published: September 2015

Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant that is widely used in various industries. It has genotoxic effect that can trigger cancer formation (carcinogenic). The member of Brassicaceae family (white headed cabbage, pak choi, and Chinese cabbage) is known to have glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, phenethilisothiocyanates, and alyl isothiocyanates which are anticarcinogenic. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of Brassicaceae extracts to enhance apoptosis in mouse blood cell exposed to lead acetate. The research method was descriptive with five treatments and four replications. Mice were pretreated with white headed cabbage, pak choi, and Chinese cabbage extracts by cumulative dose 156 mg/kg bw for 13 days prior to exposure of lead acetate by cumulative dose 150 mg/kg bw. All treatment was given orally. Blood samples were taken on the thirteenth day from the tail venous vessel. Furthermore, the DNA isolation and electrophoresis were done to examine DNA fragmentation. The result showed that the white headed cabbage extract enhanced the formation of a 200 bp DNA ladder pattern that is characteristic of apoptosis in the mice blood cells due to lead acetate exposures.

Keywords: apoptosis, lead acetate, white headed cabbage, pak choi, Chinese cabbage
THE DOSE VARIATIONS EFFECT OF Centella asiatica ETHANOL EXTRACT ON ESCAPE LATENCY’S DISTANCE MORRIS WATER MAZE AFTER CHRONIC ELECTRICAL STRESS
Authors: Yolanda Dea Amelia , Sari Dwi Cahyani Ratna , Rochmah Mawaddah Ar , Suharmi Sri
Published: September 2015

Centella asiatica sp. (pegagan) has neurotropic and neuroprotective properties which inhibit deterioration of memory because of chronic electrical stress. Studies about effective dose of Centtela asiatica still continued. This study was conducted to discover the influence of pegagan extract’s dose variation intake towards memory after chronic stress. This study uses that true experimental design with pretest-posttest control design. Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups randomly. Every groups are treated with chronic electrical stress for 4 weeks and aquades (KN), 300 (KN1) or 600 mg/kgBW/day (KP2) of Centella asiatica. The escape latency distance measure using Morris water maze was used to assess rats’ memory. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA and paired t-test. The average of escape latency distance before chronic electrical stress were 5,71±0,77m (KN); 4,29±0,36m (KP1); 3,81±0,47m (KP2) and after chronic electrical stress were 1,50±0,05m(KN); 1,55±0,04m(KP1); 1,82±0,11m(KP2). There were significant differences among groups after chronic electrical stress on day-1 (p=0,005) and day-3 (p=0,001). There were significant differences (p<0,05) for 3 days of escape latency test (KN), 5 days of escape latency test (KP1) and 2 days of escape latency test (KP2) from 6 days of memory measurement. In conclusion, dose variation of Centella asiatica did not affect to latency distance using Morris water maze. Ethanol extract of Centella asiatica with doses 300mg/kgBW/day could stimulate increasing memory formation after chronic electrical stress better.

Keywords: Centella asiatica - chronic electrical stress– memory– Morris water maze.
ANTIMALARIAL POTENTIAL STUDY OF CUCUMBER SKIN AND BASE POINT CHLOROFORM EXTRACT AS A SOLUTION TO ORGANIC WASTE OF SIDEWALK FOOD STALL TREATMENT IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Fathoni Imam , Ikrandita Isnawan Ibnu , Lawrie M. Dylan , Darisqi Eza , Udayana Gede Wahyu Mega , Poerwanto Soenarwan Hery
Published: September 2015

Malaria is a major infectious disease in the world. The disease is caused by blood protozoan from the genus Plasmodium. The main problem in controling this disease is resistance parasite cases to drugs that have been used. Cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) contain bioactive compounds suspected of terpenoids and saponins are believed to reduce the level of parasitemia. Waste of skin and cucumber base is very abundant, especially from stalls in the city of Yogyakarta. Estimated at the base and cucumber skin there are bioactive content that can be used as an alternative antimalarial drug. This research aims to study the potential of chloroform extract and the base of the fruit peel waste to the level of parasitemia of Plasmodium berghei in mice.
First step is collecting the waste of skin and cucumber base in some stalls in the city of Yogyakarta. Extraction by maceration method using chloroform solvent, the method further phytochemical studies by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Antiplasmodium test with negative control treatment (DMSO 0.3%), positive control (chloroquine 3 mg / kg), the dose C.sativa extract 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 mg / kg in male mice given strain Switzerland 3 months of age infected with Plasmodium berghei orally. T he results showed there were terpenoids and saponins compounds in the chloroform extracts of C.sativa base and skin. The most effective dose of the extract inhibition of parasitemia level P. berghei in mice treated P5 is the highest (500 mg / kg BB), which is still higher than the standard drug Chloroquine so that waste of skin and the base C.sativa potential as an alternative antimalarial drug.

Keywords: Waste of skin and the base of cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) Antimalarial.
EFFECTS OF CHROMIUM (Cr) ON FRESHWATER MUSSEL Anodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834): DISTRIBUTION, BIOACCUMULATION, AND GENOMIC DNA DAMAGE
Authors: Nugroho Andhika Puspito , Handayani Niken Satuti Nur , Pramudita I Gede Angga
Published: September 2015

Chromium (Cr) is one of metals which are toxic to organisms at elevated concentration. In freshwater ecosystems, Cr concentration can be increased due to discharge of chromium-containing wastewater coming from leather tanning and electroplating industries. Mussels are known to accumulate metals in their body. The objectives of this research were to study distribution and bioaccumulation of Cr in the freshwater mussel Anodonta woodiana, and its effect on genomic DNA. In this research, mussels were exposed to Cr via water (25 ìg L-1) for 24 days, followed by 12 days of depuration. On days 0, 1, 6, 12, 24 (exposure), and day 30 and 36 (depuration), 3 mussels were sampled and dissected into gills, mantle, digestive gland, intestines, foot, kidney, and adductors. Hemolymph (HML) and extra pallial fluids (EPF) were withdrawn from the posterior adductor. Bioaccumulation of Cr in all organs, HML, and EPF was determined by using Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometer (AAS). Analysis of genome DNA damage in the gills was qualitatively determined by using gel agarose electrophoresis. The results showed that chromium concentrations increased in all organs within 24 days of exposure, the highest levels being in the gills and mantle. Cr concentrations were decreased within 12 days of depuration. For HML and EPF, Cr concentrations were decreased during exposure, back to normal at the end of depuration. During exposure, Cr induced the damage of genome DNA in the gills, and back to normal at day 12 of depuration.

Keywords: chromium (Cr); Anodonta woodiana; bioaccumulation; DNA damage.
RECENT BIODIVERSITY IN ANAK KRAKATAU ISLAND
Authors: Rikha A.S. , Widiastuti E. L. , Nurcahyani N. , Kanedi M.
Published: September 2015

Anak Krakatau Island is a volcanic island in the Krakatau preservation complex. With its regular explosions, ranging from2 80 times/day in the year 2013, it was expected that the biodiversity would experience many changes. In orderto determine the recent condition of the biodiversity, especially animal inhabitants, a survey was conducted within the island in June, 2013. The survey was made for mammal, bird, reptile, and invertebrate(ground, aerial, and arboreal) diversity. For mammals, 10 live traps were used along 100 m of line transect, birds and reptiles were adopted faced encountered method, while the invertebrate survey was conducted with visual techniques with a sweep net, pit-fall traps, and light traps. The result from the inventory (especially invertebrate) was followed by determining the diversity and dominance of species. Relative abundancewas also determined for mammals only. The survey indicated that there was 1 species of mammal with 20% of relativeabundance, 13 species of birds within 11 families, 2 species of reptiles, 58 species of insect, and 10 species of non-insect invertebrates, which consisted of 6 species of Araneae, 2 species of Scorpiones, 2 species of Chilopoda. The diversity indexfor insects was 4.011 with Bothriamyrmex sp. as subdominantin which its index of 2.86, and index for non-insects was 2.079. The result also was compared with the other 3 islands of the Krakatau complex and data collected in the last 10 years.

Keywords: Anak Krakatau, volcanic, biodiversity
CONSTRUCTING BALINESE ANALOGY AND PROVERB BASED ON BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA: THE INITIATIVE OF BALINESE BIODIVERSITY DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Suryadarma I.G.P.
Published: September 2015

The nature is real teacher for a person who wish to develop their intelligence. Intelli­gence is a natural quality of live. The universe intelligence are hidden everywhere, and if we have eyes to see, we can see it everywhere. We can learn from animals on how they sleep, they live and their interaction each others. Most people in every traditional culture learn based on their beliefs rather than their reason (Suryadarma, 2012). There are many different ways to look the uniqueness of biodiversity and the interrelationship between humans and their social and biophysical surroundings.
People in the past; i.e. hunting and gathering communities were heavily depended on their immediate natural resources to meet most of their basic needs. Therefore, they closely interacted with their environment and thereby, gained a sound knowledge and understand­ing the uniqueness of each species and its underlying ecological processes. Many events in daily life is interesting, in the sense that many phenomena and objects can be directly ob­served. The richness of biological pehenomena in the ecosystems can be directly observed. Some phenomena had recorded as a proverbs, analogy and song.
Balinese use the uniqueness of biodiversity resources and ecological phenomena in their daily life to find analogy, proverb and song to reflect their life. Yesudian (1989) declared; that man is the culminating point of the creation but in the man alone are animal, human and divine qualities alive and active together. Which aspects of our nature are to manifest? To manifest the humanity is the purpose of our earthly life (Suryadarma, 2010). This is the rea­son why the Balinese use proverbs, analogy, and song as part of learning process. Learning is processes of our escalation where it processes e.g. it can be analogized with the process of transformation on butterfly life cycle
Tsunami is a large ocean waves that washes everything in the shallow water of a shore­line where globalization can be analogized with tsunami process in which the world increas­ingly their activities. Globalization is the fact where the people have been two ways in look­ing at it impact on their life activities. It is the reason why each person use different ways looking of proverbs, analogy in our cultural activities. How develop its in deferent level and different site into better science for better life? How to explore and develop it as sources of biodiversity documentation information because these activities will be developed the fra­grance of ecological wisdom and enter in every one heart.
IDENTIFICATION OF JAVAN LANGUR (Trachypithecus auratus) IN JAVAN LANGUR CENTER (JLC) COBAN TALUN, BATU BASED ON Cytochrome-b SEQUENCE
Authors: Rahmawati Rita Rizky , Kusumawati Emy , Aninda Lulus Putri , Mushlih Miftahul , Gofur Abdul , Listyorini Dwi
Published: September 2015

Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) is an endemic langur in Indonesia which classified as vulnerable primate. Some researches divided Javan Langur species into some subspecies, yet was not described properly. Cytochrome-b sequence from mitochondrial DNA is able to determine samples between and intra-species as well. This study aimed to identify the Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) samples named Andin (@&) and Bobby (B&), both are rehabilitated in Javan Langur Center (JLC). The amplification of Cytochrome-b gene from whole blood DNA with PCR technique using forward primer L151625’­CTTCCATGAGGACAAATATC-3’ and reverse primer Rmuc15’-GTGGAGTATAGGTATGATTGC-3’. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on MEGA 5 using maximum likelihood (ML) method and pairwise distance analysis with Kimura-2 parameter model resulted that Andin and Bobby are in the same group with
T. a. auratus. Andin is in the same clade with T. a. auratus haplotype aaF, while Bobby in the same clade T.
a. auratus and T. a. auratus haplotype aaC. We concluded that both of them belong to T. a. auratus subspecies.

Keywords: Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus), Javan Langur Center (JLC), Cytochrome-b