bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of hybrid iterative reconstruction on unenhanced liver CT
Authors: Kondo Masatoshi , Nishie Akihiro , Fujita Nobuhiro , Morita Koichiro , Shirasaka Takashi , Arimura Hisao , Nakamura Yasuhiko , Honda Hiroshi
Published: December 2016

Objective:

To clarify the impact of hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and filtered back projection (FBP) on unenhanced liver CT.

Methods:

30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent unenhanced CT. The images were reconstructed with FBP and weak (Level 1), mild (Level 4) and strong (Level 7) levels of HIR (iDose4; Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, OH). Quantitatively, attenuations of the HCC (with the largest lesion in each case), hepatic parenchyma (the average of four segments) and image noise (standard deviation of the attenuations in hepatic parenchyma) were compared between the four kinds of reconstruction using the two-tailed paired t-test. Qualitatively, liver lesion conspicuity and characterization were also compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:

Attenuation of the liver lesion with the strong level of HIR was significantly higher than that with FBP (p = 0.0005). Attenuations of hepatic parenchyma with all three HIR levels were significantly lower than that with FBP (p ≤ 0.0002 in all comparisons). Image noise with each of the three HIR levels was significantly smaller than that with FBP (p < 0.0001 in any comparison). There was no significant difference in lesion conspicuity and characterization between FBP and each HIR level (p ≥ 0.0819 in all comparisons).

Conclusion:

Although attenuations of the liver lesion and hepatic parenchyma were significantly different between HIR and FBP, HIR had no significant effect on lesion conspicuity and characterization.

Advances in knowledge:

Attenuations of liver lesions and hepatic parenchyma differ significantly between HIR and FBP images.
Personnel dose reduction in 90Y microspheres liver-directed radioembolization: from interventional radiology suite to patient ward
Authors: Law Martin , Wong K K , Tso W K , Lee Victor , Luk M Y , Tong C C , Chu Ferdinand
Published: December 2016

Objective:

To describe a method to reduce the external radiation exposure emitted from the patient after liver-directed radioembolization using 90Y glass microspheres, to quantitatively estimate the occupational dose of medical personnel providing patient care to the patient radioembolized with the use of the method and to discuss radiation exposure to patients who are adjacent if the patient radioembolized needs hospitalization.

Methods:

A lead-lined blanket of lead equivalence of 0.5 mm was used to cover the patient abdomen immediately after the 90Y radioembolization procedure, in order to reduce the radiation emitted from the patient. The interventional radiologist used a rod-type puncture site compressor for haemostasis to avoid direct contact with possible residual radioactivity at the puncture site. Dose rates were measured at the interventional radiologist chest and hand positions during puncture site pressing for haemostasis with and without the use of the blanket. The measurement results were applied to estimate the occupational dose of colleagues performing patient care to the patient radioembolized. The exposure to patients adjacent in the ward was estimated if the patient radioembolized was hospitalized.

Results:

The radiation exposures measured at the radiologist chest and hand positions have been significantly reduced with the lead-lined blanket in place. The radiologist, performing puncture site pressing at the end of radioembolization procedure, would receive an average hand dose of 1.95 μSv and body dose under his own lead apron of 0.30 μSv for an average 90Y microsphere radioactivity of 2.54 GBq. Other medical personnel, nurses and porters, would receive occupational doses corresponding to an hour of background radiation. If the patient radioembolized using 90Y needs hospitalization in a common ward, using the lead-lined blanket to cover the abdomen of the patient and keeping a distance of 2 m from the patient who is adjacent would reduce the exposure by 0.42% of dose limit for the general public.

Conclusion:

By placing a lead-lined blanket on the patient abdominal region after 90Y radioembolization, hospital staff receive minimal radiation exposure in order to comply with the radiation protection “as low as reasonably achievable” principle. There will be no increase in radiation level in ward if the patient radioembolized using 90Y needs to be hospitalized. Therefore, the patient radioembolized can be accommodated alternatively at a corner bed of a common ward if an isolation room with private toilet facility is not available.

Advances in knowledge:

To reduce exposure to personnel providing patient care to patients radioembolized using 90Y.
Talonavicular ligament: prevalence of injury in ankle sprains, histological analysis and hypothesis of its biomechanical function
Authors: De Dea Miriam , L Loizou Constantinos , Allen Georgina M , Wilson David J , Athanasou Nick , Uchihara Yoshinobu , Cooke Paul , Cosker Thomas
Published: December 2016

Objective:

To assess the prevalence of injury of the talonavicular ligament (TNL) in ankle sprains, its anatomy and the stability of the talonavicular joint (TNJ) before and after dividing the TNL in a cadaver.

Methods:

During a prospective study of 100 patients to assess the outcome of ankle injuries, we noted high incidence of TNL injuries; we will discuss here the TNL findings. Each patient had undergone ultrasound and cone beam CT examination of the ankle. Six TNLs were dissected off fresh-frozen cadaveric feet for histological analysis. In further six cadaveric feet, the stability of the TNJ was assessed by mechanical stress before and after division of the TNL; movement at the joint was assessed by measuring the distance between the talus and navicular bone [talonavicular distance (TD)] using ultrasound. The TD was measured on ten randomly selected ultrasound images by three independent observers and repeated twice by a single observer to determine the inter- and intraobserver reliability.

Results:

21% of the patients had an injury to the TNL. Histological examination demonstrated a dense connective tissue composed of bundles of collagen in parallel arrangement along the ligament length. The interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the TD showed almost perfect agreement. Displacement at the TNJ after stress with the TNL intact measured 0.18 ± 0.08 cm and 0.29 ± 0.07 cm (p < 0.005) when divided.

Conclusion:

The TNL is surprisingly commonly injured in ankle sprains. Its anatomy and histology suggest a role in tensile force transmission during the windlass mechanism in gait.

Advances in knowledge:

Injury to the TNL is common and has not been described. Its anatomy suggests resistance to tensile forces and its injury allows excessive movement at the TNJ.
Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on intraprostatic tumour volume identified on 18F choline PET/CT for prostate dose painting radiotherapy
Authors: Chan Joachim , Carver Antony , Brunt John N H , Vinjamuri Sobhan , Syndikus Isabel
Published: December 2016

Objective:

Prostate dose painting radiotherapy requires the accurate identification of dominant intraprostatic lesions (DILs) to be used as boost volumes; these can be identified on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) or choline positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Planning scans are usually performed after 2–3 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We examine the effect of ADT on choline tracer uptake and boost volumes identified on choline PET/CT.

Methods:

Fluoroethylcholine (18F choline) PET/CT was performed for dose painting radiotherapy planning in patients with intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer. Initially, they were performed at planning. Owing to low visual tracer uptake, PET/CT for subsequent patients was performed at staging. We compared these two approaches on intraprostatic lesions obtained on PET using both visual and automatic threshold methods [prostate maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) 60%] when compared with mpMRI.

Results:

PET/CT was performed during ADT in 11 patients (median duration of 85 days) and before ADT in 29 patients. ADT significantly reduced overall prostate volume by 17%. During ADT, prostate SUVmax was lower although it did not reach statistical significance (4.2 vs 6.6, p = 0.06); three patients had no visually identifiable PET DIL; and visually defined PET DILs were significantly smaller than corresponding mpMRI DILs (p = 0.03). However, all patients scanned before ADT had at least one visually identifiable PET DIL, with no significant size difference between MRI and visually defined PET DILs. In both groups, threshold PET produced larger DILs than visual PET. Both PET methods have moderate sensitivity (0.50–0.68) and high specificity (0.85–0.98) for identifying MRI-defined disease.

Conclusion:

For visual contouring of boost volumes in prostate dose painting radiotherapy, 18F choline PET/CT should be performed before ADT. For threshold contouring of boost volumes using our PET/CT scanning protocol, threshold levels of above 60% prostate SUVmax may be more suitable. Additional use of PET with MRI for radiotherapy planning can significantly change the overall boost volumes compared with using MRI alone.

Advances in knowledge:

For prostate dose painting radiotherapy, the additional use of 18F choline PET with MRI can significantly change the overall boost volumes, and PET should be performed before hormone therapy, especially if boost volumes are visually identified.
Acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas e fortalecimento da competitividade industrial no Brasil: breve análise empírica da indústria siderúrgica
Authors: Figueiredo Paulo N. , Pinheiro Maurício Canêdo , Cabral Bernardo Pereira , Silva Felipe Queiroz , Wegner Rubia Cristina , Perin Fernanda Steiner
Published: December 2016

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Recent advances in the understanding and management of atrial fibrillation: a focus on stroke prevention
Authors: Shahid Farhan , Shantsila Eduard , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: December 2016

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke compared with the general population. It is anticipated that by 2030 an estimated 14–17 million patients will be diagnosed with this most prevalent arrhythmia within the European Union. AF-related stroke confers a higher mortality and morbidity risk, and thus early detection and assessment for the initiation of effective stroke prevention with oral anticoagulation (OAC) is crucial. Recent guidelines point to the use of non-vitamin K antagonist OACs (NOACs) where appropriate in stroke prevention of patients with non-valvular AF. At present, there are four NOACS available, with no direct head-to-head comparisons to suggest the superiority of one drug over another.

Simple and practical risk assessment tools have evolved over the years to facilitate stroke and bleeding risk assessment in busy clinics and wards to aid decision-making. At present, the CHA2DS2VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 65–74/>75, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack/thromboembolism, vascular disease, female sex) score is recommended by many international guidelines as a simple and practical method of assessing stroke risk in such patients. Alongside this, use of the HAS BLED (hypertension systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg, abnormal liver/renal function [with creatinine ≥200 μmol/L], stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile international normalized ratio [range <60% of the time], elderly [>65], concomitant drugs/alcohol) score aims to identify patients at high risk of bleeding for more regular review and follow-up and draws attention to potentially reversible bleeding risk factors.

The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding and management of AF with a focus on stroke prevention.
Analysis of distribution of chromatin marks across "divergence islands" in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Sokolov Alexey , Zhenilo Svetlana , Rastorguev Sergey , Mazur Alexander , Prokhortchouk Egor
Published: December 2016

The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a well-known model organism for studying adaptations to water salinity. In this work, we investigate the dynamics of an epigenetic landscape of water salinity adaptation using three chromatin marks: H3K27ac, H3K4me1 and H3K4me3. The choice of marks was determined by the fact that some adaptive genomic loci are situated in gene-free regions, suggesting their regulatory role as enhancers. Histone modifications seem to be a promising mechanism that could regulate such regions. Difference between histone modifications in sea and freshwater - both in genes and intergenic enhancers - may contribute to epigenetic plasticity of stickleback adaptation. As a result of this study, we found differential chromatin peaks in "divergence islands" at enhancer elements and promoters of genes, which are responsible for stress adaptation and homeostasis. However, a full genome study analysis is required to fully understand mechanism of adaptation to water salinity.
Inhibition of CD34+ cell migration by matrix metalloproteinase-2 during acute myocardial ischemia, counteracted by ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Lukovic Dominika , Zlabinger Katrin , Gugerell Alfred , Spannbauer Andreas , Pavo Noemi , Mandic Ljubica , Weidenauer Denise T. , Kastl Stefan , Kaun Christoph , Posa Aniko , Sabdyusheva Litschauer Inna , Winkler Johannes , Gyöngyösi Mariann
Published: December 2016

Background. Mobilization of bone marrow-origin CD34+ cells was investigated 3 days (3d) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with/without ischemic preconditioning (IP) in relation to stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1α)/ chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis, to search for possible mechanisms behind insufficient cardiac repair in the first days post-AMI. Methods. Closed-chest reperfused AMI was performed by percutaneous balloon occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 90min, followed by reperfusion in pigs. Animals were randomized to receive either IP initiated by 3x5min cycles of re-occlusion/re-flow prior to AMI (n=6) or control AMI (n=12). Blood samples were collected at baseline, 3d post-AMI, and at 1-month follow-up to analyse chemokines and mobilized CD34+ cells. To investigate the effect of acute hypoxia, SDF-1α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in vitro were assessed, and a migration assay of CD34+ cells toward cardiomyocytes was performed. Results. Reperfused AMI induced significant mobilisation of CD34+ cells (baseline: 260±75 vs. 3d: 668±180; P<0.001) and secretion of MMP-2 (baseline: 291.83±53.40 vs. 3d: 369.64±72.89; P=0.011) into plasma, without affecting the SDF-1α concentration. IP led to the inhibition of MMP-2 (IP: 165.67±47.99 vs. AMI: 369.64±72.89; P=0.004) 3d post-AMI, accompanied by increased release of SDF-1α (baseline: 23.80±12.36 vs. 3d: 45.29±11.31; P=0.05) and CXCR4 (baseline: 0.59±0.16 vs. 3d: 2.06±1.42; P=0.034), with a parallel higher level of mobilisation of CD34+ cells (IP: 881±126 vs. AMI: 668±180; P=0.026), compared to non-conditioned AMI. In vitro, CD34+ cell migration toward cardiomyocytes was enhanced by SDF-1α, which was completely abolished by 90min hypoxia and co-incubation with MMP-2. Conclusions. Non-conditioned AMI induces MMP-2 release, hampering the ischemia-induced increase in SDF-1α and CXCR4 by cleaving the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis, with diminished mobilization of the angiogenic CD34+ cells. IP might influence CD34+ cell mobilization via inhibition of MMP-2.
Sportsmen coopetition: a case of international dance-sport competition
Authors: Armas Audrius
Published: December 2016

Sport is considered as a field for the development of social skills of competition, cooperation and collaboration. The assumption is made that latter social skills (and their consistency in form of coopetition) have a higher potential for the development in international context. The scientific problem solved during the research is framed by questions: what is the impact of social skills of competition, cooperation and collaboration on sportsmen coopetition?; and what is the impact of international context on the exertion of latter skills? A case of the International Dance-sport Competition “Ambercouple” is considered as the research environment. The aim of the research is to determine the sportsmen coopetition among dance-sport dancers. The research is provided in stages: 1) the context of international sporting event is presented from the point of its suitability for the research: countries are classified in terms of participating amount, winning amount, differences in competence; 2) interviews with coaches are provided to determine their judgments of coopetition possibilities from international point of view; 3) questionnaire research with participants of the competition is provided; and 4) the model of geographic boundaries of coopetition among dance-sport dancers is composed.
ACCESO A LA REPRESENTACIÓN ESCRITA DE LOS NÚMEROS NATURALES: UNA SECUENCIA DIDÁCTICA PARA ADULTOS DE BAJA O NULA ESCOLARIDAD 1
Authors: Palmas Santiago , Block David
Published: December 2016

Este trabajo aborda la problemática de la enseñanza de matemáticas en la educación de adultos de baja o nula escolaridad. Tiene como objetivo contribuir al conocimiento de alternativas didácticas para la enseñanza, a adultos, de la representación escrita convencional de los números naturales con base en la recuperación de sus conocimientos matemáticos previos, adquiridos en su vida diaria y en su trabajo. Estos conocimientos por lo general no se expresan por escrito, sino oralmente. El estudio incluye una experiencia de ingeniería didáctica llevada a cabo con un adulto no alfabetizado del medio rural.
A review of Occurrence of Glycoalkaloids in Potato and potato products
Authors: Omayio Duke , Abong George , Okoth Michael
Published: December 2016

There has been increasing consumption of potato products such as French fries and crisps in most countries as a result of lifestyle change in both developed and developing countries. Due to their generally pleasurable taste and texture, they are appreciated by a high number of consumers across the world, with the younger members of the population mostly those in the urban areas having a higher preference. The hard economic situations have also driven many people to their consumption as they are affordable. Moreover, these products are convenient for the younger generation who do not prepare their own food. However, there have been food safety concerns that have been linked in the past to glycoalkaloids in the raw potatoes that are used for processing. Potatoes are known to accumulate glycoalkaloids (GAs) during growth and postharvest storage. Some potato varieties have been shown to have high glycoalkaloids. These toxicants have been found to bioaccumulate in the body especially if daily consumption of foods containing the glycoalkaloids are consumed. Glycoalkaloids lead to intestinal discomfort, vomiting, fever, diarrhea and neurological problems and can lead to human or animal deaths in cases of acute toxicity. Transportation, handling, poor storage and exposure to sunlight during marketing of potatoes exposes consumers to potential risk of glycoalkaloids due to injury and greening which lead to increased levels of glycoalkaloids. Glycoalkaloids are quite stable and therefore, freeze-drying, boiling, dehydration or microwaving have got limited effect and thus persist through the processing conditions into the final products with the levels being proportional to the concentrations in the raw materials used. This current review focuses on the occurrence of glycoalkakloids in potato and potato products that are commonly consumed.
Optimization of a Process for the Pressure-Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Anchovy Using Taguchi Method
Authors: In Ye-Won , Yun Hyo-Seon , Lee You Jin , Lee Mi-Yeon , Cho Hyung-Yong
Published: December 2016

A Taguchi robust design method with an L9 orthogonal array and larger-the-better characteristics was implemented to optimize experimental conditions for the hydrolysis of raw anchovy using a pressure-assisted enzymatic reaction method. The degree of hydrolysis (DH), nitrogen recovery (NR) and yield were considered as the response parameters. Pressure, reaction temperature, reaction time, and mixed enzyme amount were chosen as control parameters. As a result of the Taguchi analysis in this study, the pressure was found to be the most influential parameter on DH and NR. The amount of mixed enzyme in the reaction also had a significant effect on DH and NR. Meanwhile, the optimum values were confirmed to be similar at 95% confidence and 5% significance level through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Furthermore, new hydrolysates at optimum conditions and control hydrolysates at atmospheric pressure were compared in terms of the DH, resulting in the improvement of DH by more than 52.6%.
Research on Processing Properties of Yam (Disocorea batatas) by Drying Methods and Milling Methods
Authors: Kim Jae-Yong , Lee Young-Chul , Kim Young-Chan , Kim Young-Boong , Choi Hyun-Wook
Published: December 2016

The physiochemical properties of dried yam (Dioscorea batatas) by freeze dryer, cold-air dryer or hot-air dryer were examined for chromaticity, water absorption index (WAI), water soluble index (WSI), rehydration, viscosity properties and pasting properties. Freeze dried yam was maintained higher degree of lightness and higher WAI and WSI than those of cold-air or hot air dried one. In the case of rehydration, freeze dried yam was restored within one hour. The viscosity properties of freeze dried yam were the highest viscosity in all shear rates. Freeze dried yam was milled by roll mill (RM), pin mill (PM) or jet mill (JM) to evaluate for particle size, starch damage, pasting property and microstructure. Particle size was JM < PM < RM as 13.85~112.50 μm. In the result of starch damage, it was the highest value as 8.83 in JM, was the lowest value as 7.47 in RM. In pasting property, JM had relatively low viscosity at all shear rates. In the Microstructure by measuring scanning electron microscope, JM particle surfaces were rough with high starch damage, and particle size was confirmed fine particles in JM.
Influence of Biopolymer Emulsifier on the Characteristics of Curcumin Nanoemulsions
Authors: Jo Yeon-Ji , Kim Hyunyi , Kwon Yun-Joong
Published: December 2016

Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic phytochemical, which has a number of potential benefits in biological activities. However, curcumin has extremely low water solubility and low bioavailability, which makes it difficult to incorporate into many food products. In this study, we investigated the effects of biopolymer emulsifier type and environmental stress on the physical stability of nanoemulsions containing curcumin. Nanoemulsion containing curcumin stabilized by sodium caseinate (SC), whey protein isolate (WPI), modified starch (MS), and gum arabic (GA) were prepared using microfludizer. The droplet size of nanoemulsions decreased significantly from 1028 nm to 169 nm as emulsifier concentration increased (p<0.05). The optimum concentration of emulsifiers for stable curcumin nanoemulsions were determined to be 1% of SC and 1% of WPI, respectively. The storage study showed that the nanoemulsions were physically stable for 5 weeks at 25°C. In addition, nanoemulsions were physically stable against heat, freeze-thaw, pH, and NaCl solution. However, extensive droplet aggregation occurred in protein-stabilized nanoemulsions at CaCl2 solution, which was attributed to hydrophobic interaction between droplets.
Rapid Quantitative Analysis for Sugars of Agricultural Products by HPLC
Authors: Won Seon Yi , Seo Jae Soon , Kang Heui Yun , Lee Yong Seon , Choi Young-min , Lee Hae Kil , Park In Tae
Published: December 2016

To determine sugars content of agricultural products and foods, simultaneous quantitative analysis was carried out on fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose by HPLC-RI. Analysis conditions were set as column ZORBAX carbohydrate (4.6 mm ID×250 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase of 75% ACN, the column temperature of 35°C, sample injection amount of 10 μL and the flow rate of 1 mL/min. Five standard solutions were isolated without interfering peak within 30 minutes and the calibration curves of standard were confirmed excellent linearity from 0.10% to 1.00% with R2≥0.999. Based on the chromatogram of the standard solution, the limit of quantification (LOQ) and the limit of detection (LOD) values were calculated. The accuracy of the analytical values were highest at 100% water extraction method to the fructose 95.7%, sucrose 98.7%, lactose 102.7% respectively, compared with reference value of a certified reference material (BCR644), by applying the four solvent extraction methods. Using an in-house quality control material (infant formula), repeatability and reproducibility values of this experiment were verified on the basis of AOAC guideline and reference values were set up at 1.17 g/100g of glucose, 0.85 g/100g of maltose, and 45.54 g/100g of lactose. Quality control charts were drawn up and used for sugars analysis of agricultural products.
Fortuna e ressentimento: o incrível caso dos Abreu Guimarães (c.1740-1807)
Authors: Franco Renato
Published: December 2016

Este artigo analisa a trajetória do negociante Antônio de Abreu Guimarães, português nascido na região do Minho, de origem humilde, e que se tornaria dono de um dos maiores cabedais da capitania de Minas Gerais, na segunda metade do século XVIII. Auxiliado pelo sobrinho, Francisco de Abreu Guimarães, amealhou grande quantidade de bens diversos, terras e escravos, somando uma fortuna considerável e, em 1787, daria origem ao chamado “Vínculo da Jaguara”, que doravante se tornava posse inalienável destinada ao financiamento de obras pias, como a criação de hospitais, seminário, recolhimento de órfãs. No entanto, antes mesmo de se efetivar, o dito Vínculo provocou uma série de desentendimentos familiares que foram fundamentais para compreender a dinâmica e o fracasso das pretensões originais do negociante.
Mente sã em corpo são: exercícios, alimento e saúde nas páginas do Anuário das Senhoras durante o Estado Novo Brasileiro (1937-1945)
Authors: Pilla Maria Cecilia Barreto Amorim
Published: December 2016

Matérias relativas ao cotidiano e à vida doméstica trazem à tona reflexões sobre gênero, classes sociais, vestuário, moradia e alimento. Grande parte dessas atividades se dá no espaço doméstico, e é neste espaço que, na primeira metade do século XX, a mulher tinha a maior responsabilidade e funções. Observando as páginas da revista feminina brasileira Anuário das Senhoras entre os anos de 1937-1945, procurou-se identificar as balizas do que se entendia no período sobre o adquirir, manter e conservar um corpo feminino saudável, considerando para isso os artigos, as colunas, os textos, acerca do “comer bem”, exercitar-se e repousar para mulheres pertencentes a uma certa camada social – classes médias urbanas, durante o Estado Novo Brasileiro de Vargas.
Soltería, mujer y litigiosidad en el cotidiano de la Edad Moderna. A vueltas con las palabras de matrimonio
Authors: Torremocha Hernández Margarita
Published: December 2016

Tras la regulación del sacramento del Matrimonio en el Concilio de Trento, la práctica de dar palabra de casamiento pervivió en la sociedad castellana. Cuando alguno de los dos implicados se negaba a cumplirla el asunto se llevaba a los tribunales eclesiásticos y reales ordinarios. A través del relato de vida de un letrado, de una autobiografía concreta, en un ejercicio de microhistoria veremos cómo estas relaciones entre solteros, con o sin palabra, forzaron las vidas de hombres y mujeres a la hora de tomar estado.
Disciplina familiar e estratégias matrimoniais da Casa de Aveiro (Séculos XVI e XVII)
Authors: Mata Cristóvão
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em verificar os índices de natalidade, de geração de filhos ilegítimos e de mortalidade infantil dos filhos dos duques de Coimbra, de Aveiro e de Torres Novas durante os séculos XVI e XVII, e em analisar os percursos de cada indivíduo que atingiu a idade adulta, comparando os valores dos que enveredaram pelo celibato e dos que contraíram matrimónio. Relativamente aos celibatários, procurar-se-á interpretar as escolhas das casas religiosas em que cada um deles se recolheu. No que concerne à amostra dos herdeiros em cujo matrimónio se investiu, serão discutidas as estratégias matrimoniais dos filhos e das filhas de seis varões da Casa de Aveiro, analisando a origem dos respetivos nubentes e os contratos matrimoniais dos primogénitos.
Aprender y servir en la universidad: una vía cívica al desarrollo educativo
Authors: Sotelino Losada Alexandre , Santos Rego Miguel Angel , Lorenzo Moledo María del Mar
Published: December 2016

En este artículo se examina si algunos cambios asociados al Espacio Europeo de la Educación Superior (eees) han afectado a los procesos educativos en la universidad, toda vez que la reforma implica un enfoque del aprendizaje centrado en la adquisición de competencias por parte de los estudiantes. Su objetivo no es otro que explorar las posibilidades que para la formación del alumnado tiene la conexión entre universidad y comunidad. A tal fin, después de revisar la literatura temática de los últimos años, hacemos uso de un trabajo empírico con metodología ex-post-facto. Y se propone el aprendizaje-servicio como estrategia capaz de favorecer una pedagogía más experiencial en la universidad.
ALIENAÇÃO GRATUITA DE BENS IMÓVEIS PÚBLICOS EM FAVOR DE PARTICULARES À LUZ DOS PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS DA EFICIÊNCIA E DA ECONOMICIDADE
Authors: Rodrigues Lopes Uchoa Adelaide Maria , Luciano Lima Rodrigues Francisco
Published: December 2016

Os bens públicos podem ser utilizados pelo particular por meio de autorização, permissão, concessão de uso, concessão de direito real de uso e concessão de uso especial para fins de moradia, estes dois últimos destinados à exploração de atividades econômicas e a regularização fundiária de terrenos públicos indevidamente ocupados por particulares. A doação bens públicos encontra limitação no art. 17 da Lei 8.666/93, sendo possível a alienação onerosa para determinados fins sociais após o bem ser desafetado, precedida de avaliação prévia e mediante autorização legal. Cabe ao gestor, pautado também no princípio constitucional da eficiência,  averiguar a relação custo-benefício na doação dos imóveis públicos, avaliando a economicidade do ato e a eficiência da medida ao tempo em se procede a análise jurídica do caso concreto. Os tribunais de contas vem admitindo a doação de imóveis em caráter excepcional, e vinculados a projetos habitacionais, todavia sugerem a utilização de concessões reais em lugar da doação, consideradas mais vantajosas para o patrimônio público.
ANÁLISE DOS APONTAMENTOS CRÍTICOS AO JUDICIAL REVIEW
Authors: Mansini Queda Toledo Cláudia , Carlos de Souza Junior Luiz
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo objetiva analisar algumas críticas apresentadas na contemporaneidade a respeito do judicial review. Partindo de uma breve revisão do contexto embrionário estadunidense do fim do século XVIII e início do século XIX e fixando o olhar no fenômeno atual da ascensão institucional do Poder Judiciário, por meio do método analítico, bem como através de pesquisa bibliográfica e revisão teórica de artigos científicos, o estudo passará pela análise das críticas diretas ao judicial review, especificamente, as objeções relativas à dificuldade contramajoritária e à supremacia judicial. Com isso, após a exposição de breve avaliação do status autônomo do Direito, o resultado conclusivo da presente pesquisa conduz para o apontamento de que as objeções ao judicial review são apresentadas no intuito de defender a legitimidade democrática de órgãos eleitos da atuação dos graus de ativismo judicial e tomamos os posicionamentos críticos elencados como uma tentativa de encarar o direito como autônomo, livre da politização do Judiciário e adequado à vontade popular por meio de seus representantes, não obstante, se deve levar em linha de conta que, na realidade, esta autonomia é relativa, uma vez que o Direito é submetido a influências externas ao seu campo (forças econômicas, políticas, religiosas, jornalísticas etc.), sendo que estas devem ser consideradas a partir das relações de força da sociedade.
DWORKIN VERSUS WALDRON: OS PRÓS E OS CONTRAS DA REVISÃO JUDICIAL
Authors: Nascimento Luma Neto do
Published: December 2016

A ciência política tem avançado os seus questionamentos sobre os valores morais, princípios normativos e arranjos institucionais que seriam mais benéficos para um regime democrático. Entre esses arranjos, está a revisão constitucional. Neste trabalho será descrito os argumentos favoráveis e contrários à prática da revisão judicial, instrumento tão utilizado quanto questionado nas democracias atuais. Primeiramente, será descrita uma breve evolução sobre o conceito de democracia e o debate sobre o papel da revisão judicial em modelos institucionais democráticos. Logo após, será evidenciado o debate apontado na defesa da revisão judicial formulada nas obras de Ronald Dworkin e na respectiva crítica de Jeremy Waldron.
PROSPECÇÕES ACERCA DO ATUAL CENÁRIO DO CONHECIMENTO JURÍDICO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO BASEADO NA OPINIÃO DE ESTUDANTES DA FACULDADE DE DIREITO DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS/RS
Authors: Bainy André Kabke
Published: December 2016

O atual panorama do conhecimento humano tem acarretado inúmeros questionamentos acerca de sua própria validação, produção, reprodução e transmissão, sendo que tais reflexões parecem apontar para a necessidade de se retornar aos fundamentos do próprio conhecimento (questões epistemológicas). Em específico, no caso do Direito, isso igualmente é observado, se considerado que grande parte das discussões jurídicas contemporâneas traz consigo questões relacionadas à própria teoria do Direito (em aspectos como legitimidade e eficácia do Direito, por exemplo). Há, portanto, uma profunda ligação entre “teoria” e “prática”. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho[1] é, servindo de aporte ao posterior (e necessário) aprofundamento teórico da questão, analisar a opinião de acadêmicos da graduação da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, coletadas por meio de questionários, acerca de questões relacionadas ao conhecimento jurídico, bem como apresentar breves inferências acerca do cenário de ensino-aprendizagem do Direito e do papel da Doutrina para uma possível mudança na produção do pensamento jurídico. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa de caráter estatístico, somando-se à pesquisa bibliográfica adequada de modo a viabilizar a compreensão dos resultados e elaboração de breves prescrições/inferências. Foi utilizado o método de abordagem indutivo e os métodos procedimentais monográfico e estatístico.[1] O presente trabalho foi extraído, e posteriormente aprofundado, de um capítulo do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado junto à Faculdade de Direito da UFPel, sob a orientação do Prof.º Dr. Guilherme Camargo Massaú (UFPel).
OS ÓBICES PARA A DIFUSÃO DE UMA CULTURA NÃO ADVERSARIAL DE RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS: a necessária mudança de hábitos
Authors: Silva Carlos Roberto da
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo pretende abordar as questões que obstaculizam a difusão de uma cultura coexistencial de pacificação dos conflitos. No Brasil, partindo dos bancos escolares, criou-se uma cultura em que se privilegia a resolução dos conflitos judicializados mediante a intervenção de um terceiro que adjudica uma decisão de forma coercitiva. Ao se tratar de toda a crise enfrentada pelo Poder Judiciário, que não consegue, a contento, cumprir seu papel, diversas medidas estão sendo tomadas para resolver a crescente taxa de congestionamento de processo e a aspiração por uma mudança cultural parece emergir de maneira ainda mais acentuada. A cultura do conflito parece representar um fator preponderante para o abarrotamento de litígios no Judiciário, consequente descrédito do Poder e do próprio Estado. Uma relevante causa deste hábito tão enraizado no cotidiano brasileiro parece residir na insuficiente formação acadêmica dos operadores jurídicos. O propósito do artigo é demonstrar que algumas adaptações no todo social poderão defluir no desenvolvimento, ainda que paulatino, de uma nova cultura que preterirá o pronunciamento estatal via sentença como única maneira de solução das contendas, visando o alcance do bem comum. O método utilizado na fase de investigação foi o indutivo; na fase de tratamento dos dados foi o cartesiano, e o presente relatório é composto na base lógica indutiva.
A GUARDA, A GUARDA COMPARTILHADA E O PODER FAMILIAR: implicações práticas
Authors: Siegel Frederico Andrade , Neto Francisco José Rodrigues de Oliveira , Soares Josemar Sidinei
Published: December 2016

A categoria “guarda compartilhada”, prevista na legislação brasileira, tem suscitado dúvida e confusão entre pais ou responsáveis pela guarda de menores, que não compreendem as exatas atribuições inerentes ao poder familiar, e acreditam que o compartilhamento diz respeito apenas ao tempo em que o menor irá permanecer na companhia de cada um.  É por essa razão que se faz necessária avaliar a resposta normativa e a definição das categorias jurídicas envolvendo a criação e educação dos filhos, a partir da ruptura familiar. E para isso, utilizou-se o método indutivo.
Modifications Made by the New York Public Library to RLIN Hebraica Records
Authors: Dienstag Claire
Published: December 2016

In its Hebraica cataloging on RLIN, the Jewish Division of the New York Public Library aims for a complete "9114" cataloging category (CC) record, as specified by the Research Libraries Group. Derived records with a CC value of "9994", signifying a lower level of cataloging quality, are enhanced by romanizing field 245 #b, i.e., "other title" information. Field 245 #c (statement of responsibility) can remain unromanized, for the author's name in Latin characters appears in field 1 xx (main entry). Complete collation, appropriate subject headings, added entries and notes deemed necessary to describe a book's contents are added. Three figures illustrating these points accompany the text.
Library of Congress Classification for Judaica: Recent Changes (1992-1993)
Authors: Dreyfuss Ricky
Published: December 2016

The column covers the additions and changes to the Library of Congress classification made from July 1992 to March 1993 in the classes of major importance to Judaica libraries. Recorded here are the usual cutter additions and changes to various topics under class BM (Judaism) and its tables, as well as classes BS (Bible), DS (History) and PJ (Language and Literature). Other classes (i.e., B, BJ, DD, F, HE, PN, RC) that had changes pertaining to Judaica during this period are also included. The article notes several cutter additions under class number DS 135 (History of Jews outside of Palestine, by region or country, A-Z) that reflect the recent demise of the Soviet Union and the former republics' becoming independent states.
Of major significance are the following changes: (1) the breakdown for Jewish ethical philosophers (BJ 1287) was revised, with more general instructions for classification. (2) Under class number BM 675 (Special liturgical works), the cutters for the three major groups of Judaic liturgical books (i.e., Siddur, .D3; Mahzor, .F45; Haggadah, .P4) were removed from BM 675 and placed in their own new class numbers, which allows for greater expansion.
Literary Commentary: A Transactional Approach to Holocaust Literature
Authors: Shawn Karen
Published: December 2016

Through active reading strategies including annotation, shared inquiry, and interpretive discussion, librarians can play a major role in the development of age-appropriate Holocaust literature programs suitable for library and classroom settings. Literary response theory becomes practice as librarians and students, in this updated adaptation of the chavruta, use writing journals to articulate and exchange questions, comments, and feelings about the books they have read and recommended, bridging the gap between the generations of readers who share, through literature, the Holocaust experience.
The Bulgarian State Collection of Hebraica
Authors: Hill Brad
Published: December 2016

Based upon a visit in 1993, the author provides a description and brief survey of the holdings in the Bulgarian State Collection of Hebraica, currently under the jurisdiction of the General Department of Archives and housed in a warehouse seven kilometers outside Sofia. The collection, comprised of printed books, manuscripts, and archival documents, includes rare pre-modern Hebraica reflecting Sephardic and Balkan collecting interests. Issues of bibliographic import are highlighted and reference is made to the physical situation of the collection. The future of this Bulgarian State Hebraica Collection is yet to be determined.
Microfilming the Baron Guenzburg Collection of Hebrew Manuscripts in the Russian State Library in Moscow
Authors: Richler Benjamin
Published: December 2016

After the fall of the Communist regimes in Eastern Europe, large depositories of Hebraic manuscripts in the former Soviet Union were opened to Western scholars. In this paper, the major collections are surveyed, with special emphasis on the Baron Guenzburg collection in the Russian State Library in Moscow and the microfilming activities of the Jewish National and University Library in Russia and Ukraine in general and in Moscow in particular.
Análise da Qualidade de Vida e fatores associados dos Acadêmicos da área de saúde de uma Faculdade Particular
Authors: Santos Bárbara Oliveira , Bittencourt Felipe Oliveira
Published: December 2016

A qualidade de vida dos estudantes vem sendo modificada devido à adaptação ao uma nova realidade. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à qualidade de vida de estudantes da área da saúde de uma faculdade particular de Vitória da Conquista. Metodologia: a pesquisa possui caráter descritivo e exploratório. Em relação à sua natureza, se classifica como qualitativa e quantitativa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida município de Vitoria da Conquista/BA. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Faculdade Independente do Nordeste. Os participantes do presente estudo foram selecionados por faixa etária de 19 a 25 anos, em 110 estudantes da área da saúde. Resultados e discussões: O estudo apresentou uma prevalência de mulheres (73%), solteiros (54%), que trabalham (79%). Em relação à percepção da Qualidade de Vida (QV), os resultados revelam que há uma prevalência global de QV regular (73,6%). Em relação aos domínios, ocorre uma prevalência de análise regular, no Meio Ambiente (66,4%), no domínio Psicológico (77,3%), e no domínio Físico (77,3%). Nas Relações Sociais observa-se uma análise boa (52,7%). Na relação entre sexo e qualidade de vida, os homens apontam possuir melhor QV que as mulheres, visto que os seus índices de positividade são bem maiores, além disso, as mulheres assinalaram um alto valor na variável necessidade de melhoria da QV (17,8%). Conclusões: Esse estudo acaba por ponderar a necessidade de atenção aos aspectos psicológicos e ambientais dos estudantes universitários, com a adoção de medidas que potencializem a QV, evitando impactos negativos tanto na saúde, quanto na vida acadêmica universitária.
Exames da Ordem dos advogados do Brasil – OAB: Análise do Risco de falhas
Authors: Sampaio Artur Livônio Tavares de , Oliveira Francisco das Chagas Rodrigues de
Published: December 2016

Tem como assunto central uma análise da possibilidade de falhas avaliativas do Exame da OAB. Além disso, expõe a classificação dos vários tipos de avaliações que existem. Seja quanto “a quem avalia”, “a divisão do conteúdo” ou “quanto aos conteúdos”. Obra essencialmente bibliográfica, trazendo os ensinamentos dos autores: Fábio Vieira Figueiredo, Marcelo Tadeu Cometti e Simone Diogo Carvalho Figueiredo. Se mostra de grande relevância, diante do enorme índice de reprovação dos graduados em Direito em todo o país.
Reverberações sociais e territoriais decorrentes de horta comunitária na perspectiva do planejamento urbano saudável
Authors: Girotti Sperandio Dra. Ana Maria , Carneiro Rosa Mg. Arq.Adriana Aparecida , Cardoso do Carmo Arq. Carolina Guida , Pereira Montrezor Arq. Danielle
Published: December 2016

Este artigo consiste na apresentação e reflexão através do resultado de Avaliação Pós Ocupação (APO) do projeto de horta comunitária, intervenção urbana realizada a partir de aliança entre poder público e comunidade, na cidade de Conchal, interior de São Paulo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar um diagnóstico da reverberação deste projeto após sua aplicação, bem como avaliar os potenciais aspectos  positivos e negativos relacionados a construção de uma cidade saudável. A partir da APO realizada no entorno do projeto, aplicando a metodologia junto à moradores que possuem canteiros na horta, foi possível observar benefícios para a qualidade de vida dos envolvidos, intensificação da integração e participação social, bem como o aumento e do sentimento de pertencimento dos trabalhadores em relação ao bairro. É possível concluir, com esse trabalho, que este tipo de intervenção urbana possui potencial de reverberação positiva nos usuários diretamente envolvidos, no território urbano e na relação entre ambos.
Finding a measure, a ring theoretical approach
Authors: Parsian Ali
Published: December 2016

Let \(S\) be a nonempty set and \(F\) consists of all \(Z_{2}\) characteristic functions defined on \(S\). We are supposed to introduce a ring isomorphic to \((P(S),\triangle,\cap)\), whose set is \(F\). Then, assuming a finitely additive function $m$ defined on \(P(S)\), we change \(P(S)\) to a pseudometric space \((P(S),d_{m})\) in which its pseudometric is defined by \(m\). Among other things, we investigate the concepts of convergence and continuity in the induced pseudometric space. Moreover, a theorem on the measure of some kinds of elements in \((P(S),m)\) will be established. At the end, as an application in probability theory, the probability of some events in the space of permutations with uniform probability will be determined. Some illustrative examples are included to show the usefulness and applicability of results.
School dropout among orphans in Oshana region - Namibia
Authors: Ishola Anthony , Mitonga Kabwebwe Honore
Published: December 2016

This research seeks to investigate why some orphaned children drop out of school in Oshana region, Namibia, despite concerted efforts by the Government Republic of Namibia and other stake holders to keep them at school.The study aimed to identify the indicators preceding AIDS orphaned children dropping out of schools in the Oshana region-Namibia. A cross-sectional study, which adopted both quantitative and qualitative approaches, was used to gain a complete picture of the situation of orphans and school dropouts from the perspective of school teachers, learners, and orphans who have already dropped out of school. It was found that many orphans still face many challenges and to some, continuing with schooling is a luxury that is ill afforded. The total percentages of learners that dropped out of school are: 52.9% orphans in grades 7 and 8 in 2009 while 41.7% dropped out in 2010. Poor awareness of Government support initiatives, poor psychosocial support, leaving school to grieve the death of a parent and working to earn income, ranked amongst the highest reasons some orphans dropped out of school. Provision of material resources in addition to human torch as demonstrated by majority of life skill teachers towards the well-being of AIDS orphans have greatly ameliorated the self-worth and schooling of orphans.