bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEANT4 Study of Proton–Body Interactions
Authors: López J. A. , González S. S. Romero , Rodríguez O. Hernández , Holmes J. , Alarcon R.
Published: February 2021

Proton therapy uses a beam of protons to destroy cancer cells. A problem of the method is the determination of what part of the body the protons are hitting during the irradiation. In a previous study we determine that by capturing the gamma rays produced during the irradiation one can determine the location of the proton-body interaction, in this work we investigate if by examining the gamma rays produced it is possible to determine the body part that produced the gamma rays by the proton collision. This study uses GEANT4 computer simulations of interactions of proton-tissue, protonbrain, proton-bone, etc., which produce gamma rays, to determine the characteristics of the gamma rays produced. We then analyze the characteristics of the gamma rays to find signatures that could be used to determine the source of the rays. In particular, we study the distribution of gamma ray energies, their full-width half-maximum, energy resolution, maximum height, and total number of counts. This study concludes that it is possible to use the gamma ray spectra to determine what body part produced it.
Surface modification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by corona discharge plasma
Authors: Flores O. , Campillo B. , Castillo F. , Martínez H. , Colín J.
Published: February 2021

Surface modification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was studied by corona discharge plasma at different exposure times using air as working gas. The modification of the surface properties are characterized, those are morphology and wettability. Corona plasma treatment was found to modify the PET surface in both morphology and wettability. The corona discharge at atmospheric pressure is a heterogeneous with multiple current pulses, which generates an asymmetric pattern of erosion on the PET surface. The corona discharge treatment erodes the surface and therefore modifies the surface morphology. The roughness of the PET surface increases in the impact point of the corona discharge on the PET surface. An increase in the wettability of PET was also observed after corona discharge treatment at atmospheric pressure.
Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) Structural Susceptibility in the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Spike Protein Exposed to a Pulsed Electric Field
Authors: Osorio-González D. , Muñiz-Orozco V. J. , González C. P. , Fuentes-Acosta M. , Mulia-Rodríguez J. , Mandujano-Rosas L. A.
Published: February 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for causing the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has so far infected more than thirty million people and caused almost a million deaths. For this reason, it has been a priority to stop the transmission of the outbreak through preventive measures, such as surface disinfection, and to establish bases for the design of an effective disinfection technique without chemical components. In this study, we performed in silico analysis to identify the conformational alterations of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) caused by the effect of a pulsed electric field at two different intensities. We found that both stimuli, especially the one with the highest angular frequency and amplitude, modified the electrical charge distribution in the RBD surface and the number of hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the secondary structure was significantly affected, with a decrease of the structured regions, particularly the regions with residues involved in recognizing and interacting with the receptor ACE2. Since many regions suffered conformational changes, we calculated RMSF and ΔRMSF to identify the regions and residues with larger fluctuations and higher flexibility. We found that regions conformed by 353-372, 453-464, and 470-490 amino acid residues fluctuate the most, where the first is considered a therapeutic target, and the last has alreadybeen characterized for its flexibility. Our results indicate that a pulsed electric field can cause loss of stability in the Spike-RBD, and we were able to identify the vulnerable sites to be used as a starting point for the development of viral inhibition or inactivation mechanisms.
Wear Behavior of a Ni/Co Bilayer Coating by Physical Vapor Deposition on AISI 1045 Steel
Authors: Pardo L. E. , Rodil S. E. , Campillo B. , Dominguez I. , González-Rodriguez J. G. , Martinez H.
Published: February 2021

Coatings by physical vapor deposition (PVD) have become highly relevant due to their wide range of applications and the rapid rate of coating formation. In this work, AISI steel 1045 was coated with two layers, Ni and Co using the PVD technique. Each coating was deposited with a thickness of 1 μm. After applying the coatings, a post-treatment was applied in an AC plasma reactor using a boron nitride blank in an Ar atmosphere at a pressure of 3 Torr, 0.3 A, and 460 V at 4, 8, and 12h. The post-treatment was characterized by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in a range of 200-1100 nm. The main species observed by OES were Ar+, N2, N2+, and B+. The coatings on 1045 steel and posttreatment were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, were subjected to tribological tests to analyze wear resistance, using the Pin-on-Disk technique. The coatings on steel 1045 present remarkably better wear properties than the uncoated 1045 steel, being the sample post-treated at 4h that showed a lower wear rate.
Study through Geant4, for Time Resolution characterization of different detectors arrays coupled with two SiPMs, as a function of: the scintillator plastic material, its volumetric dimensions and the location of the radiation emission source
Authors: Fernández C. H. Zepeda , Efrén Hernández Aguilar Javier , Moreno-Barbosa E.
Published: February 2021

The high time resolution detectors are relevant in those experiments or simulations were the particles to detect, have a very short time of flight (TOF), and due this it´s required that the detections times are ranged between ns. & ps.Using Geant4 software, it was made thirty simulations of coupled detectors to plastic scintillators with two silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) located on the scintillator’s central sides. To characterize the time resolution, it was required to quantify the optical photons that reach the Score in a certain time, which are generated by muons on the surface of the plastic scintillator. Different configurations of muon beams were simulated at energy of 1 GeV, to interact with the configuration of the scintillator material of its corresponding arrangement. The simulations were made varying three parameters: the scintillator material “BC404 & BC422”, its size, and the location of the radiation source. Fifteen simulations correspond to BC404 material & fifteen simulations to BC422 material respectively. The first five simulations consisted in varying the scintillator’s volumetric size and collocate the muons beam guided randomly distributed over it, the next five simulations differentiate from setting up a directly centered beam, and the last five simulations for guide the beam on the left lower corner of each scintillator.The best time resolution achieved was σ= 8.67 +/− 0.26 ps., reported by the detector with BC422 scintillator material which has a volume of 20x20x3 mm3.
The content of the competitive strategy in employed workers with different intensity of the general perfectionistic orientation
Authors: Tuzlukova Alisa , Dzhaneryan Svetlana
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of a study devoted to the content of the competitive strategy of employed workers with different intensity of their perfectionistic orientation. The subject of the study was 142 employed workers (112 women, 30 men). Methodological tools: methods for diagnosing perfectionism, irrational attitudes, achievement motivation, work motivation, behavioral tendencies in a group, ideas about oneself as a subject of competition and a competitor; questionnaires for assessing the importance of competition goals for the implementation of a successful competition strategy, identifying ways to achieve leading goals and determining the leading competitor and competition motives. Statistical analysis of the results was conducted by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality criterion, multiple linear regression analysis; binomial criterion, quartile procedure; r-Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Friedman and Wilcoxon criteria.
The perfectionistic orientation is considered as a complex of motives and attitudes of the individual, which are steadily manifested in various types of activity in conscious striving for perfection based on high demands for others, perceived from others, as well as on the person itself, which can provide advantages in achieving competitive goals. The findings allowed us to describe two groups of employed workers – one with a highly expressed (HPN) and the other with a low-expressed (LPN) perfectionistic orientation, as well as the uniqueness of the content of their competition strategy, its leading goals («leadership» and «superior appointment») and the content of the components of the strategies towards its achievement.
It was found that the achievement of the goal «leadership» in subjects with HPN is supported by the desire for self-actualization and concentration on the client as the main competitor, and in subjects with LPN it is supprted by a positive assessment of their actions by others, the desire to belong to a group and the use of new technologies and innovative ways of work performance. In an effort to achieve a «superior appointment», subjects with HPSs are guided by the desire to compete with the majority of colleagues and show it in the form of a willingness to fight and independence from others, while subjects with LPN direct their strategy of competition to colleagues within the company, seeking to gain their recognition, and carry it out with the help of actions to maintain professional activity at the consistent level, as well as sociability and avoidance of conflicts. The obtained results broaden the understanding of the competitive strategy of employed workers with different intensity of perfectionistic orientation.
Revolução e Nihilismo em Raízes do Brasil, 1936
Authors: Farias Damião
Published: February 2021

Resumo: O artigo aborda o tema “Revolução”, analisado por Holanda em Raízes do Brasil (1936). A leitura foi mediada pela filosofia de Nietzsche, onde exploramos as noções de má consciência, ideal ascético e as críticas à modernidade. Além de duas referências explícitas ao filósofo, as abrangentes noções nietzschianas subsidiam as avaliações de Holanda sobre os “novos tempos” no Brasil. No entanto, a crítica do brasileiro foi direcionada àquelas “superfetações liberais”, dado o seu caráter exógeno às tradições brasileiras. Em contrapartida, considerou positivos os valores do personalismo, subjacentes ao nosso modo de vida, favoráveis à criação de forma política concernente à sociedade.
Esboço de uma leitura interdisciplinar do espaço da Escola Estadual Morro Doce (SP).
Authors: De Souza Kauan , Gallego Rita
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo propõe-se a uma análise interdisciplinar do espaço material da E. E. Morro Doce. A influência do espaço no processo de socialização, bem como de aprendizagem, será decomposta por ferramentas lógicas para compreensão da ideia de ‘lugar'. Tais ferramentas, apropriadas de diversos campos do conhecimento, tais como a filosofia, a arquitetura, a antropologia, a psicologia e a educação, desvelarão o campo de possibilidades perceptivas do espaço. O beton brut, com todo seu cinza, se adequa como elemento estético fundante do lugar ou promove um mal-estar pela frieza da cor? A segunda parte mostra-se como coerente.  Portanto, surge a interrogação: que fazer? Além disto, o aparato teórico  servirá para a compreensão das medidas adotadas por alguns atores sociais – alunos, professores e coordenadores - no processo humanização do espaço.  Há reivindicações e idealizações, mas de que modo as intervenções se adequam à realidade dos habitantes do espaço? Além disso, a relação entre os estudantes e o prédio escolar, tal como seus usos institucionalizados e idealizados, serão questões debatidas no decorrer da análise.
Relationship between BMI and hip muscle strength in young female athletes to prevent lower extremity injury risk: A pilot study
Authors:   Post graduate student from Laxmi memorial College of physiotherapy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India., Akshaya M V  , Abhilash P V  ,   Post graduate student from Laxmi memorial College of physiotherapy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India., Priya S  ,   Post graduate student from Laxmi memorial College of physiotherapy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Published: February 2021

Background: Early identification of the BMI and muscle weakness, can be promoted for developing future rehabilitation by giving proper training in athletes to reduce chance of injuries especially in female athletes. There-for the purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between BMI and hip muscle strength in young female athletes. Materials and Methods: study was conducted among college level female athletes from different colleges of Mangalore, Karnataka, India. 20 college level female athletes between 18-25 years with free from injury and involved at least 2 hrs. per week training session were included in this study. Athletes were excluded if participant had an acute injury during previous six months, had musculoskeletal surgery within the past year. Results: The total number of 20 young female athletes aged between 18- 25 were included in this study. Detailed results enumerated in detail in the results section. Discussion and Conclusion: There was no relationship between BMI and hip muscle strength. Identifying the relationship between BMI and hip muscle strength may help to prevent lower extremity injury risk in female athletes and specific muscle group training can be given as rehabilitation protocol. KEY WORDS: BMI, Hip Muscle Strength, Female Athletes, Lower Extremity Injury.
Telerehabilitation for musculoskeletal disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Chief Physiotherapist, YourPhysio, Nagpur, India., Sheetal Mundhada , Preeti Mundhada ,   Research Consultant, YourPhysio, Nagpur, India., Rekha Khandelwal ,   Research Mentor, YourPhysio, Nagpur, India., Divya Shrivastava ,   Consultant Physiotherapist, YourPhysio, Nagpur, India., Ashutosh Mundhada ,   Co-Founder, YourPhysio, Nagpur, India., Dhananjay Raje ,   Statistician, MDS Bioanalytics, Nagpur, India.
Published: February 2021

Aim: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of telerehabilitation for various musculoskeletal disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent musculoskeletal telerehabilitation at a well-established physiotherapy centre in Central India between 1st April – 30th June 2020. A team of two experienced physiotherapists conducted one-on-one video-based physiotherapy sessions for every patient. The main outcome measures included pain reduction using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), functional goals achieved, and patient satisfaction. The effectiveness of treatment was determined based on the change in NPRS scores using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The relationship of percent change in NPRS and the functional score as well as the patient feedback score was obtained using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Of 77 patients who received telerehabilitation during the study period, 31 patients undergoing musculoskeletal rehabilitation who satisfied the eligibility criteria were included. There was a significant reduction in NPRS scores after rehabilitation (P < 0.0001). However, the median number of sessions and the baseline NPRS scores differed insignificantly for various patient characteristics. The distribution of functional score and change in NPRS demonstrated a moderately positive and significant correlation (P = 0.001). The relationship of patient feedback score with the change in NPRS was low positive. Conclusion: Telerehabilitation resulted in significant pain reduction among patients with various musculoskeletal disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. A positive correlation was demonstrated between change in NPRS scores, patient-reported functional goals, and patient satisfaction. Hence, telerehabilitation provided by a trained physiotherapist can be an effective approach for conservative management of musculoskeletal pain. KEY WORDS: Telerehabilitation, Musculoskeletal disorder, Back pain, COVID-19.
WAYS TO INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS OF MEAT PRODUCTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Authors:   Osh Technological University, Abdiev Murat , Mametova Gulnaz ,   Osh Technological University, Toktorov Kubanych ,   Osh State University
Published: February 2021

The article explores ways to increase the competitiveness of meat products of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) in the context of the EAEU integration, and clarifies their theoretical and practical provisions. The subject of the study is meat products in the EAEU, and the aim of the study is to increase the competitiveness of meat production in the Kyrgyz Republic. According to the results of the study, to improve the competitiveness of meat production, the development of a cooperation system and ways to strengthen integration in the EAEU are proposed.
Cosmetic products for children and adults – determination of As, Ni, Pb AND Zn contents
Authors: Popowiczk Alessandra Mocellin Zapp , Tonial Larissa Macedo dos Santos
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a concentração de elementos potencialmente tóxicos em diferentes produtos cosméticos, usando metodologias de digestão simples, acessíveis e técnicas espectroscópicas. Um total de doze produtos foram selecionados, comprados e analisados, os quais incluem blush (BL), sombra para os olhos (SH), pó facial (PO) e tinta em pó para crianças (PP). As amostras foram secas (a 100ºC), trituradas e homogeneizadas. Para digestão duas metodologias foram empregadas. Os teores de Ni, Pb e Zn foram quantificados por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (FAAS), e os teores de As por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica em forno de grafite (GFAAS). Em geral, as amostras apresentaram teores abaixo do limite de detecção (LOD) para Ni, Pb, As e Zn. No entanto, algumas amostras de PP apresentaram teores de Zn entre 2 ± 1 e 442 ± 32 mg L-1. Esse resultado deve-se provavelmente ao uso de alguns pigmentos naturais ou inorgânicos, e sugerem as seguintes ações: (1) monitoramento regular de elementos potencialmente tóxicos em produtos de PP; (2) novos estudos sobre os níveis de Zn em produtos cosméticos para crianças; e (3) a criação de legislação para regular a composição dos produtos de PP.
SI 4904: Сonservation as a Base for New Discoveries
Authors: Korosteleva Kristina V.
Published: February 2021

Book fragments in Old Uyghur language, that constitute the major part of the Serindia collection, currently undergo conservation and preservation procedures. The throughout conservation started in 2019 showed, that modern methods not only give new life to ancient texts, but also contribute to the academic research. The article sought to describe conservation procedures of the particular fragment SI 4904 from the Serindia collection, as well as subsequently made discoveries.
Application of interacting multiple model-based fault detection method on a hydraulic two-tank system
Authors: Hajizadeh M , Lipsett M G
Published: February 2021

This paper addresses the problem of designing a fault identification and detection algorithm for non-linear systems. Timely identification and detection of a fault in a system is crucial in condition monitoring systems. However, finding the source of the failure is not trivial in systems
with large numbers of components and complex component relationships. In this paper, an efficient scheme to detect adverse changes in system reliability and find the failed component is proposed, based on the interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm, with fault detection and diagnosis formulated
as a hybrid multiple model estimation scheme. The proposed approach provides an integrated framework for fault detection, diagnosis and state estimation. Its performance is illustrated for fault detection of a non-linear two-tank system. The proposed method can be used with different kinds
of filters, using the confusion matrix and classification accuracy as comparison metrics. A particle filter is used with the IMM algorithm and its performance is compared to the linear Kalman filter as a comparative case concerning the improvement that can be achieved when going beyond the
consideration that the system is linear.
Covid-19 x Cães e Gatos
Authors: De Melo Jardim Andressa , Lorenzetti Elis , De Almeida Rego Grecco Fabíola Cristine
Published: February 2021

Nos últimos meses, em todo o mundo, tem-se falado muito em COVID-19, uma doença que ocasionou um surto na China e rapidamente espalhou-se pelo mundo, tendo se transformado em uma pandemia. Em meio a esse cenário, dentre diversas questões, foi levantada uma dúvida em relação à possibilidade de infecção e posterior transmissão dessa doença viral dos animais de companhia, mais especificamente, cães e gatos, para indivíduos destas mesmas espécies ou até mesmo para os humanos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo elucidar, de forma clara e objetiva, o que é a COVID-19, sua origem e comportamento do agente viral responsável pela doença, com o intuito de disseminar informações sobre a atual pandemia, além de esclarecer a real participação de cães e gatos no ciclo de transmissão do vírus. Para isso, artigos recentes sobre o assunto foram acessados, em plataformas tais como: PubMed, SciELO e Google Acadêmico, além de livros e documentos eletrônicos, os quais foram utilizados na obtenção das informações aqui descritas, a fim de atingir não apenas a comunidade científica, mas toda a sociedade. Apesar de haver evidências de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em cães e gatos, a transmissão do vírus por meio desses animais para os seres humanos ainda não foi confirmada. É importante também ressaltar que devido à atual situação e ao caráter dinâmico da doença, novas questões podem ser levantadas, bem como confirmações ou exclusões de hipóteses no decorrer do tempo.

 

Palavras-chave: Coronavírus. SARS-CoV-2. Pandemia. Quarentena.

 

Abstract

In the last few months, all over the world, much has been said about COVID-19, a disease that caused an outbreak in China and quickly spread around the world, becoming a pandemic. In this scenario, among several issues, a doubt was raised regarding the possibility of infection and subsequent transmission of this viral disease of  pets, more specifically, dogs and cats, to individuals of the same species or even to humans. This study aims to elucidate, in a clear and objective way, what is COVID-19, its origin and the viral agent behavior responsible for the disease, in order to disseminate information about the current pandemic, in addition to clarifying the actual participation of dogs and cats in the virus transmission cycle. Recent articles were accessed, on platforms such as: PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar, also books and electronic documents, which were used to obtain the information described herein, in order to reach not only the scientific community, but also the society. Although there is evidence of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats, the virus transmission through these animals to humans has not  been confirmed yet. It is also important to emphasize that, due to the current situation and its dynamic character, new questions can be raised, as well as confirmation or exclusion of hypotheses over time.

 

Keywords: Coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2. Pandemic. Quarantine.
MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN GENERASI MUDA TERHADAP PERAN E.F.E. DOUWES DEKKER PADA ERA PERGERAKAN NASIONAL MELALUI FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION (FGD) GURU BANGSA
Authors: Alfaqi Mifdal Zusron , Shofa Abd. Mu'id Aris , Mawarti Rista Ayu , Habibi Muhammad Mujtaba
Published: February 2021

Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman kepada generasi muda khususnya mahasiswa bagaimana peran E.F.E. Douwes Dekker (Danudirja Setiabudi) pada era pergerakan nasional. Nama E.F.E. Douwes Dekker (Danudirja Setiabudi) atau biasa dipanggil dengan istilah DD seakan kalah bersinar dengan tokoh-tokoh pergerakan yang lainnya. Generasi muda saat ini banyak yang tidak mengetahui peran besar DD dalam membakar api semangat nasionalisme pemuda pada era pergerakan nasional, bahkan Bung Karno menjuluki DD sebagai mentor nasionalismenya. Metode pelaksanaan yang akan dilakukan adalah dengan menganalisis situasi masyarakat yang akan menjadi khalayak sasaran untuk diberikan pemahaman dalam hal ini adalah mahasiswa yang tergabung di dalam Focus Group Discussion Guru Bangsa. Hasil dari pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa para generasi muda pada awalnya belum terlalu mengenal dengan DD, banyak generasi muda yang mengenal DD hanya sebatas anggota tiga serangkai dan tidak banyak tahu kalau DD memiliki peran besar dalam proses pergerakan nasional. Upaya pemberian pemahaman tentang perjalanan hidup DD ini memiliki dampak yang sangat positif bagi generasi muda khususnya mahasiswa, karena setelah pelaksanaan pengabdian ini para generasi muda khususnya mahasiswa lebih memahami tentang peran DD pada era pergerakan nasional
PERAN PARALEGAL DALAM PERLINDUNGAN SERTA PEMENUHAN HAK HUKUM MASYARAKAT
Authors: Kurniawan Neo Adhi
Published: February 2021

Jaminan atas hak bantuan hukum merupakan implementasi dari prinsip persamaan dihadapan hukum (equality before the law) sebagaimana amanat konstitusi dalam Pasal 28D ayat (1) dan Pasal 28H ayat (2) UUD1945. Negara terutama pemerintah sebagai penyelenggaran negara memiliki tanggung jawab dalam pemenuhan hak atas bantuan hukum sebagai hak konstitusional warga negara. Berdasarkan pertimbangan inilah secara yuridis urgennya eksistensi Undang-Undang Bantuan Hukum sehingga diundangkan menjadi sebuah undang-undang bantuan hukum yang tersendiri. Peran Paralegal dalam pemberian layanan bantuan hukum, sangat urgen eksistensinya, mengingat masih banyaknya masyarakat yang miskin, marjinal dan buta hukum di Indonesia yang sulit mendapatkan akses terhadap keadilan, apalagi jumlah penduduk yang padat dan menyebar di berbagai wilayah yang luas sehingga tidak sebanding dengan jumlah Advokat yang tersedia, termasuk kepeduliannya terhadap permasalahan hukum yang dihadapi masyarakat/kelompok masyarakat miskin. Sementara selama ini Paralegal telah berkontribusi secara nyata di komunitasnya dengan memberikan layanan bantuan hukum. Paralegal bahkan juga menjalankan kerja-kerja advokasi dan pengorganisasian di komunitasnya untuk dapat mendorong tumbuh berkembangnya kesadaran hukum masyarakat serta mampu mendorong proses demokrasi di tingkat lokal.
PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN PERATURAN DESA UNTUK APARATUR DESA DAN BADAN PERMUSYAWARATAN DESA DEMI MENCIPTAKAN PRODUK HUKUM YANG IDEAL
Authors: Wachid Moch. Abdul , Damayanti Evi
Published: February 2021

Dalam tata kelola pemerintahan desa, Peraturan Desa sangat krusial karena menjadi dasar hukum bagi pelaksanaan berbagai program dan kegiatan desa. Kegiatan pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk membantu Aparatur desa dan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) dalam penyusun rancangan peraturan desa agar tercipta produk hukum ditingkat desa yang dapat mengakomodir kebutuhan masyarakat desa. Seperti diketahui, Kepala Desa merupakan badan eksekutif di tingkat desa, yang bekerja bersama BPD sebagai badan legislatifnya. Di sini kemampuan teknis untuk membuat Peraturan desa tidak hanya menjadi kebutuhan kepala desa atau perangkat desa yang memiliki tugas terkait, namun juga penting diketahui oleh para anggota BPD yang secara mandatory merupakan wakil dari rakyat untuk menyampaikan aspirasinya. Dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini metode yang digunakan adalah PAR (Participatory Action Research) yang terdiri dari beberapa rangkaian tahapan yaitu mulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Dari hasil pendalaman diketahui permasalahan terkategori sebagai berikut: (a) Penyusunan rancangan peraturan desa belum ditetapkan pada RKP Desa; (b) Penyerapan aspirasi masyarakat kurang, banyak didominasi oleh elit desa; (c) Kecenderungan pola budaya paternalistik yang cenderung mengikuti apa saja kata pimpinan. Dari berbagai permasalahan tersebut, maka ditindaklanjuti dengan melaksanakan kegiatan pelatihan penyusunan Peraturan Desa untu aparatur desa dan BPD demi menciptakan produk hukum yang ideal dan dapat menampung serta mengakomodir aspirasi masyarakat di Desa Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang. Adapun hasil dari pelatihan ini adalah para aparatur desa dan BPD dapat membuat produk hukum yang ideal dalam hal ini adalah Peraturan Desa yang dapat mengakomodir kebutuhan masyarakat desa pada khususnya dan dapat bermanfaat bagi tata kelola pemerintahan desa pada umumnya.
PELATIHAN BAHASA INGGRIS DENGAN METODE TRADITIONAL GAMIFICATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBAHASA INGGRIS DAN MELESTARIKAN KEBUDAYAAN DAERAH
Authors: Indriani Lilia , Malasari Susanti -
Published: February 2021

Keterampilan berbahasa Inggris saat ini sudah menjadi tuntutan bagi setiap pelajar di Indonesia, tak terkecuali bagi siswa SMP. Semakin dini pembiasaan penggunaan Bahasa Inggris diterapkan, maka semakin besar kemungkinan untuk dapat berkomunikasi dengan Bahasa Inggris secara aktif. Pelatihan Bahasa Inggris dengan metode traditional gamification merupakan sebuah program yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan Bahasa Inggris. Kegiatan ini berbasis praktik secara langsung dan dikemas dengan kegiatan permainan tradisional sehingga memberikan pengalaman belajar yang mengesankan. Kegiatan pelatihan Bahasa Inggris ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 4 Magelang dan di SMP Negeri 7 Magelang. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah (1) peningkatan minat untuk mempelajari Bahasa Inggris (2) peningkatan kemampuan berkomunikasi secara aktif dengan menggunakan Bahasa Inggris dan (3) peningkatan pegetahuan tentang permainan-permainan tradisional. Evaluasi kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan ini mendapatkan dukungan yang maksismal baik dari peserta pelatihan maupun pihak sekolah. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan ini dapat menjadi titik awal kebangkitan kegiatan ekstra kurikuler Bahasa Inggris yang telah lama vakum serta menjadi wadah untuk pelestarian kebudayaan daerah.
El papel de las competencias matemáticas en el nuevo modelo educativo
Authors: Fonseca Guzmán María Alejandra , Duarte Julián Felipe
Published: February 2021

El crecimiento acelerado de la sociedad a nivel mundial, ha traído consigo grandes avances tecnológicos que facilitan la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos en el entorno educativo. A partir de esto, la educación se ha convertido en un eje fundamental del crecimiento económico, lo que ha generado el desarrollo del modelo de formación por competencias en la sociedad. Este documento tiene como objetivo identificar los aspectos que hacen parte del desarrollo de competencias en las instituciones de educación superior colombianas y la aplicación de competencias matemáticas para la formación integral de los estudiantes. Se concluye que la formación basada en competencias como modelo educativo, ha generado grandes retos en el desarrollo de los contenidos programáticos y la integración de metodologías para la adquisición de las competencias matemáticas, las cuales no han logrado solventarse desde las políticas gubernamentales en el país.
Vigilando las fronteras mediante dispositivos tecnológicos de control de las personas, sus cuerpos y sus hábitos
Authors: González Ramos Ana M.
Published: February 2021

La tecnología forma parte de los actuales sistemas de control y seguridad, penetrando en el diseño de las políticas públicas, los cimientos de nuestras instituciones y los fundamentos de nuestros valores y rutinas. Este presente trabajo examina las consecuencias éticas sobre el control y vigilancia tecnológica de las fronteras, es decir, la manera en que las tecnologías disciplinan, modelan comportamientos y regulan derechos sociales. Es, por tanto, de la mayor relevancia que la ciudadanía global tome conciencia de la intromisión que las tecnologías, como dispositivos de poder, control y supervisión, ejercen en los pasos trasfronterizos sobre las personas con y sin estatus de ciudadanía legal en los países de destino. En conclusión, este trabajo sostiene que los dispositivos de control y vigilancia transfronterizos, si bien necesarios, deberían ser instrumentalizados para garantizar el bienestar y el respeto de los derechos humanos.
RACISMO Y SEGREGACIÓN EN COLOMBIA: SALUD, EDUCACIÓN Y TRABAJO EN LA POBLACIÓN AFRODESCENDIENTE DEL PACÍFICO
Authors: Martínez Tovar Jimara Andrea , Pomares Dayrina , Sierra Mauricio , Martínez María G.
Published: February 2021

Este artículo busca analizar las evidencias encontradas por medio de una revisión bibliográfica, acerca de la manifestación de la segregación racial y vulnerabilidad de los afrodescendientes del pacífico colombiano en las áreas de empleo, salud y educación. Así mismo, se contrastan los datos encontrados en cada una de las áreas con lo planteado en las teorías de Derechos Humanos y la teoría de Centro-Periferia que se analizan a lo largo del artículo. Lo anterior, en pro de lograr un mejor entendimiento sobre cómo el racismo afecta al desarrollo pleno de estos derechos humanos para esta comunidad, y exponer las dinámicas diferenciales que experimenta el Pacífico como periferia frente a las grandes ciudades del país como centros. Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones sobre la relación existente entre el color de la piel y la ubicación geográfica con la calidad de vida, el desarrollo socioeconómico y el cumplimiento de los derechos humanos de esta población.
Planificación de infraestructura hídrica para el futuro incierto en América Latina: un enfoque eficiente en costos y tiempo para tomar decisiones robustas de infraestructura, con un estudio de caso en Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Groves David G. , Miro Michelle , Syme James , Becerra-Ornelas Alejandro U. , Molina-Pérez Edmundo , Saavedra Valentina , Vogt-Schilb Adrien
Published: February 2021

Los administradores del agua enfrentan desafíos cada vez mayores para satisfacer la demanda de agua, que depende de condiciones socioeconómicas y climáticas. La evolución de estas condiciones en las próximas décadas es profundamente incierta e impredecible. El presente estudio demuestra la utilidad del enfoque de Toma de Decisiones Robustas (RDM por sus siglas en ingles), un método de toma de decisión bajo incertidumbre profunda, para evaluar la vulnerabilidad y las oportunidades de adaptación de la gestión de los recursos hídricos en Mendoza, Argentina. El análisis confirma que el sistema actual de agua de Mendoza es vulnerable a los cambios en el uso de suelo y a los impactos del cambio climático. En casi 900 futuros analizados, la demanda insatisfecha crece significativamente durante los períodos de sequía, un problema que empeora con el tiempo. La mayoría de la demanda insatisfecha se produce en el sector agrícola, con carencias que superan el 35 por ciento en algunos años y futuros. Se analizó la vulnerabilidad de las cuencas de Tulumaya y Costa de Araujo en particular, dos áreas de riego aguas abajo que exhiben una alta demanda insatisfecha en muchos futuros, y del sector agrícola en su conjunto. Tres tipos de futuros conducirían a una alta demanda insatisfecha: 1. Crecimiento económico rápido, excepto si las precipitaciones aumentan mucho; 2. Urbanización tendencial bajo condiciones climáticas medianas o secas; o 3. Urbanización acelerada bajo condiciones secas y un aumento de la temperatura pronunciado. Se evaluaron diferentes estrategias para reducir estas vulnerabilidades: i) construcción de pocos reservorios grandes; ii) de una serie de reservorios más pequeños; iii) e inversiones en riego presurizado. Este es el primer ejercicio de comparación de estas tres opciones bajo incertidumbres climáticas y de uso del suelo. Los resultados demuestran que el aumento del almacenamiento, a través de uno o unos pocos reservorios grandes o una red de reservorios pequeños, no mitigaría significativamente estas vulnerabilidades y sería extremadamente costoso. Las inversiones en riego presurizado podrían reducir las vulnerabilidades de manera más significativa. Este análisis podría ser fortalecido mediante iteraciones adicionales del enfoque RDM, que incorpore las demandas de agua urbana de manera más representativa, así como un mejor reflejo de la temporalidad de regulación de los reservorios, y una mejor representatividad de escenarios climáticos extremos.
Research Insights: How Do Job and Worker Flows Respond to Firms' Idiosyncratic Technology and Demand Shocks?
Authors: Carlsson Mikael , Messina Julián , Skans Oskar Nordström
Published: February 2021

Permanent demand shocks are the main driver of labor adjustments. A one standard deviation demand shock increases the net employment rate by 6 percentage points in the long run, while a technology shock increases it by 0.5. Transitory demand shocks have much smaller impacts. When hit by a permanent demand shock, firms adjust fast and symmetrically. Most of the labor change occurs within a year. If the shock is positive, firms adjust by increasing hires. If the shock is negative, they increase separations without reducing hires.
Los desafíos para la recuperación de Venezuela y el impacto del COVID-19
Authors: Abuelafia Emmanuel , Saboin José Luis
Published: February 2021

El colapso en que se encuentra la economía venezolana no tiene precedentes. La economía se contrajo un 70% entre 2013 y 2019, a lo que se sumaría una reducción esperada del 30% en 2020, lo que la hace que se trate de una de las mayores crisis económicas del mundo. Como parte de esta crisis, ha habido una estrepitosa caída del poder adquisitivo de los hogares, con un consiguiente incremento de la pobreza y de la desigualdad. Asimismo, otros indicadores sociales, como los relacionados con la alimentación y la salud, se han deteriorado sustancialmente y la provisión de servicios básicos se ha desmoronado. La pandemia del COVID-19 impacta de forma importante en el país, y la capacidad de reacción por parte del sector público es muy limitada. Los recursos fiscales son muy escasos para proveer alimentos a la población y la condición del sector salud es acuciante. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo resumir las explicaciones que subyacen a la debacle económica del país desde antes de la pandemia del COVID-19, analizar los impactos de la pandemia sobre el país y también delinear, para el corto y el mediano plazo, acciones prioritarias orientadas a la emergencia sanitaria y a la recuperación de la economía.
Women and advocacy: study of the Ahmadiyya community in Tasikmalaya
Authors: Inasshabihah Inasshabihah
Published: February 2021

Advocacy against Ahmadiyya Indonesian Congregation (JAI) has been carried out in Tasikmalaya, West Java, both internally and externally to resolve various forms of intolerance, including mosques sealing and marriage registration. This research highlights the contribution of Ahmadi women with their experiences and efforts in the advocacy process through the concept of Agency and advocacy based on two approaches: Rights and Social Inclusion. This research shows that, 1) the experience of being a victim of intolerance is able to transform women from objects into subjects of advocacy and play a role in advocating themselves and their groups, and 2) internal advocacy is important to provide legal understanding to survivors to increase the awareness of Rights within groups. Therefore, women can contribute positively to the ongoing advocacy works.
A Clinical Study of the Pattern of Ocular Trauma and Its Visual Outcome among Road Traffic Accident Cases in a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute
Authors: Dawson Vinay Kumar , Dawson Manasvi
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND Ocular injuries due to road traffic accidents (RTA) is one of the important causes of ophthalmological morbidity and cause of unilateral blindness. Some of the injuries also result in cosmetic disfigurement. Increased usage of vehicles for transport in recent times has increased the incidence of cases. The primary objective of this study was to understand the epidemiology and pattern of ocular trauma in RTA cases and their visual outcome. METHODS A total of 75 cases was included in the study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was taken which included information regarding time, location, type and mechanism of injury, use of spectacles, car safety belts, and helmets. The time interval between injury and reporting was recorded. Test of visual acuity was done, ophthalmic examination included the examination of all patients with the slit lamp, 90 D examination, and indirect ophthalmoscopy were done. Ultrasound B scan was done in cases where unclear media prevented fundus examination. RESULTS Ecchymosis of the lids was the commonest type of ocular injury. Out of 15 eyelid laceration cases, 10 cases were with mild partial-thickness tears present and 5 had severe lid tears which required suturing. Most of the patients recovered with good vision in 6 months post-treatment and a few fair results. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparison between conservative management and surgical management at the end of 4 months post treatment was done. The P-values were > 0.05 hence, not significant. It indicated that the outcomes were independent of the method of management adopted. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of RTAs is increasing due to an increase in the number of vehicles used by the public. Ocular injuries are more often seen in young men especially those driving two-wheelers without safety devices like helmets. Open globe injuries and cases with previous ocular problems have poor outcomes. KEYWORDS Ocular Trauma, Road Traffic Accidents [RTA], Visual Outcome
Foundation Course Skills Development - Impact of Basic Life Support Training on Knowledge, Confidence, Skill and Perception of First Year Indian Medical Students
Authors: Pati Ayan Kumar , Thakur Leelavati , Damke Sachin
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND Basic life support (BLS) although a lifesaving skill, is seldom taught in the first year of traditional Indian undergraduate medical curriculum resulting in lack of competence and confidence. Medical Council of India’s new competency based undergraduate curriculum stresses on early skill acquisition. Basic life support hands-on workshop can be a simple yet effective educational intervention in achieving the goal. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of introduction of BLS training workshop to first year MBBS curriculum as a part of foundation course skills development. METHODS An interventional study in the form of BLS workshop consisting of lecture, demonstration and hands on practice on mannequins was conducted on first MBBS students. Assessment was done by standardized pre- and post-test questionnaire and direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS). Student’s perception was qualitatively explored by conducting focus group discussions (FGD) followed by thematic analysis. RESULTS Analysis of median pre- and post-test scores using Wilcoxon test matched pairs signed rank test revealed highly significant gain in knowledge and confidence (P value = 0.000). Thirty three percent students could perform all the seven steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) correctly, meeting all six quality indicators indicating satisfactory skill acquisition. Six overarching themes emerged from the focus group responses viz. importance of clinical skill acquisition in first year, suggested methods to improve skill training, effectiveness of BLS workshop, usefulness of learning BLS skill, readiness to perform CPR in real life scenario and need for curriculum reformation. CONCLUSIONS Simulation-based hands-on workshop can serve as an effective teaching learning strategy for foundation course BLS skills development under new competencybased first MBBS curriculum by Medical Council of India (MCI). KEYWORDS Basic Life Support, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, MBBS, Curriculum, Competency, Qualitative Analysis, Medical Education
Role of Umbilical and Middle Cerebral Artery Doppler in Predicting Perinatal Outcome in Cases of Preeclampsia
Authors: Mammen Kitty Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND One of the most common complications of pregnancy is preeclampsia, characterized by abnormal placental development, leading to inadequate uteroplacental blood flow. Doppler ultrasonography can pick up these abnormalities; thus, it is a useful tool to assess fetal outcome. Objective is to calculate the role of colour Doppler (umbilical and middle cerebral artery) in predicting the perinatal outcome. We wanted to evaluate the application of Doppler ultrasound in analysing the blood flow velocity waveform. METHODS This was a cross sectional study carried out between May 2010 - November 2012 in Obstetrics Department, Yenepoya Medical College, Karnataka, among 150 pregnant women with preeclampsia. RESULTS 49.3 % of patients belonged to 25 - 30 years, 58.7 % were primigravida, and 73.3 % and 26.7 % had mild and severe preeclampsia respectively. Patients with increased resistance umbilical artery Doppler - 63.8 % had babies < 2.5 Kg birth weight, 60.9 % Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes of birth and 67.5 % neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions; absent end diastolic flow - all had birth weight < 2 Kg, 90 % Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes, 1 neonatal death and all required NICU admissions; reversal end diastolic flow - 1 neonatal death, all had birth weight < 2.5 Kg, an Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes and required NICU admission. Patients with abnormal Doppler in middle cerebral artery, 46.2 % were low birth weight and had Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes, 50 % required NICU admissions, but no perinatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS Doppler analysis helps in early detection of uteroplacental and fetoplacental changes and to take decisions for early interventions, like administration of steroids for fetal lung maturity and transferring preterm pregnancies to higher centres for better NICU facilities. Umbilical artery Doppler findings are slightly better predictors of adverse perinatal outcome than an abnormal middle cerebral artery. KEYWORDS Doppler, Preeclampsia, Perinatal Outcome, Umbilical Artery, Middle Cerebral Artery
Comparative Study of Seropositivity of Mandatory Blood Transfusion Associated Diseases between Voluntary and Replacement Donors
Authors: Ram Jagjeewan , Khan Lubna , Nigam Namrata , Singh Aparna
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND Every blood transfusion is associated with 1 % chance of transfusion associated problems including transfusion transmitted blood-borne infections to its recipient. The major globally prevalent transfusion transmitted infections are human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, syphilis and malaria parasite. We wanted to compare safety of blood among replacement and voluntary donations by comparing the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among them. METHODS All donors were screened by enzyme-linked immunoassay for five transfusion transmissible infectious agents - human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and syphilis by collecting plasma from the pilot tube attached to the blood bag. Malaria was tested from whole blood sample. RESULTS A total of 24,491 donors was included in the study. Among them 21,090 (86.11 %) were replacement and 3,401 (13.89 %) were voluntary donors. Out of 24,491 donors, 560 (2.29 %) units tested positive. Hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen) is found to be the most prevalent transfusion transmitted infection among both replacement donations and voluntary donations. CONCLUSIONS There should be more voluntary donations to achieve safer blood transfusion practices as self-deferral by donors with high risk condition is the most effective way to reduce prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections. KEYWORDS Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay, Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis, Replacement Donors, Transfusion Transmitted Infections, Voluntary Donors