bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Heavy Metal Analysis on Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Skin Cancer by Traditional Practitioners in Pretoria
Authors: Oladeji Oluwaseun Mary , Kopaopa Boikanyo Genneyrolter , Mugivhisa Liziwe Lizbeth , Olowoyo Joshua Oluwole
Published: June 2023

The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases, including cancer, is acknowledged and accepted in many African nations. Heavy metal contamination of plant materials poses a potential health risk, particularly for populations that are already vulnerable. This study determines the levels of heavy metals in medicinal plant samples used for treatment of skin cancer and evaluate the health risk caused by heavy metals to the adult population in Pretoria, South Africa using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of metals were as follows; As (<0.2 – 1.04±0.026), Cd (0.02 ±0.00026 – 0.167±0.006), Pb (0.38 ±0.01 – 2.27±0.05), Cr (5.31±0.21– 26.9 ±3.96) mg/kg, and Hg which were lesser than 0.02 mg/kg. The mean concentrations of all analyzed heavy metals are above permissible limit except for Hg which are lower than the permissible limit. The Hazard Quotient (THQ) was less than 1 for all the heavy metals, suggesting that there are no obvious non-carcinogenic health risks associated with the consumption of these medicinal plants for now even though the prolonged use may result in health risks. The ingestion route was identified as the primary contributor to the overall risk by the health index (HI) values in the present study, which were more than 1, indicating that the combined effects of the heavy metal contaminants present in a particular herbal preparation pose health risk in the long term. Our findings support the need for close monitoring of potential heavy metal concentrations in medicinal plants given to patients from herbal shops.
Activation of IGFBP4 via unconventional mechanism of miRNA attenuates metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tao Liye , Wang Yali , Shen Zefeng , Cai Jingwei , Zheng Junhao , Xia Shunjie , Lin Zhongjie , Wan Zhe , Qi Haiou , Jin Renan , Wang Ling , Xu Junjie , Liang Xiao
Published: June 2023

Background

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver malignancy. Although its incidence is lower than that of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ICC has a worse prognosis, and it is more prone to recur and metastasize, resulting in a far greater level of malignancy.

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR were applied to assess the level of miR-122-5p and IGFBP4. Western blot, transwell assays, wound-healing assays, real-time cellular invasion monitoring, in vivo study were applied to explore the function of miR-122-5p and IGFBP4. Dual luciferase reporter assays and chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChiRP) were applied to explore the regulation of IGFBP4 by miR-122-5p.

Results

Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set, Sir Run Run Shaw hospital data set and bioinformatics analyses, we identified miR-122-5p as a potential tumor suppressor in ICC and validated its suppressive effect in metastasis and invasion of ICC. Transcriptome sequencing, rescue and complement experiments were used to identify insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) as a target of miR-122-5p. The mechanism by which miR-122-5p regulates IGFBP4 was clarified by chromatin separation RNA purification technology, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. We discovered a rare novel mechanism by which miR-122-5p promotes IGFBP4 mRNA transcription by binding to its promoter region. Furthermore, in mouse orthotopic metastasis model, miR-122-5p inhibited the invasion of ICC.

Conclusion

In summary, our study revealed a novel mechanism of miR-122-5p and function of the miR-122-5p/IGFBP4 axis in the metastasis of ICC. We also highlighted the clinical value of miR-122-5p and IGFBP4 in inhibiting ICC invasion and metastasis.
Acinetobacter baumannii–ein Krankenhauskeim mit zwei Gesichtern
Authors: Ebersberger Ingo
Published: June 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii infections pose a grave risk to hospitalized patients due to their resistance to antimicrobial substances. This necessitates the urgent development of novel therapeutic strategies. By comparing the genetic repertoire between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Acinetobacter we discovered genetic traits that offer surprising insights into how the pathogen interacts with humans. However, much remains to be learned about the pathogen’s phenotypic diversity.
Live Cell Imaging funktionaler Parameter von Kardiomyozyten
Authors: Papadopoulos Symeon , Sachinidis Agapios
Published: June 2023

Because of the advantages of dynamic, non-invasive live cell imaging techniques (LCIT) over static visualisation methods, the former are increasingly applied in various disciplines such as biomedicine, cell biology, pharmacology, and developmental biology, to obtain more reliable results than with fixed cells. We prove and discuss the advantages of LCIT via its application in real-time visualization of sarcomeres, Ca2+ changes and ROS in cardiomyocytes from human induced pluri-potent stem cells.
Per Anhalter ins Axon: Neuronale Mitochondrien transportieren mRNA
Authors: Rühmkorf Alina , Harbauer Angelika B.
Published: June 2023

Local translation of mRNAs supports the survival and identity of the axonal and dendritic neuronal sub-compartments. Interestingly, one of the largest categories of locally synthesized proteins are mitochondrial proteins. Recent advances have shown that axonal RNA transport is linked to the transport of several organelles. Here, we describe how mitochondrial hitch-hiking provides an elegant solution to transport mRNAs into the axon to sustain local mitochondrial homeostasis.
Ultrastruktur in 3D: neue Ansichten und Einsichten in der Zellbiologie
Authors: Arcalís Elsa , Hörmann-Dietrich Ulrike , Stöger Eva
Published: June 2023

Three-dimensional electron microscopy (EM) has irrupted in the field of cell biology to provide exciting information at the structural level, including the shape and volume of organelles and their spatial distribution within the cell. Here, we present some examples of the application of 3D EM to the study of the plant endomembrane system, demonstrating the enormous potential of these techniques.
Vaccinatie Twijfeltelefoon als laagdrempelige en onafhankelijke hulplijn tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie
Authors: van der Kleij Willemijn , Groen Chris , Sana Shakib , Peeters Robin
Published: June 2023

Samenvatting

Vaccine hesitancy vormt een grote bedreiging voor de wereldwijde gezondheid. Tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie en de bijbehorende grootschalige vaccinatiecampagnes kwam dit in vele landen, inclusief Nederland, duidelijk naar voren. Medisch professionals hebben een relatief groot vertrouwen van de bevolking en lijken daarmee een belangrijke rol bij de informatievoorziening rond COVID-19-vaccinaties te spelen. Daarom heeft het Erasmus MC, samen met de regionale huisartsenkringen en vier andere universitaire centra, in november 2021 de Vaccinatie Twijfeltelefoon geïnitieerd om persoonlijke voorlichting en medisch advies over de COVID-19-vaccinaties laagdrempelig beschikbaar te maken. Het aantal telefoontjes geeft de potentie weer van deze vorm van informatievoorziening, en de grote reikwijdte en het laagdrempelige en onafhankelijke karakter vormen het fundament van deze landelijke telefoonlijn. Onze ervaringen met de Vaccinatie Twijfeltelefoon tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie lijkt erop te wijzen dat deze vorm van informatievoorzienig in de toekomst mogelijk ook breder ingezet kan worden voor andere grote medische vraagstukken.
A Review on the Neurotoxic Effects of Doxorubicin
Authors: Kamińska Katarzyna , Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska Agnieszka
Published: June 2023

Anthracyclines, a class of drugs considered as most effective anticancer drugs, used in the various regimens of cancer chemotherapy, induce long-term impairment of mitochondrial respiration, increase reactive oxygen species, and induce other mechanisms potentially leading to neurotoxicity. According to literature findings, one drug of this class - doxorubicin used to treat e.g. breast cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia may induce such effects in the nervous system. Doxorubicin has poor penetration into the brain due to the lack of drug penetration through the blood-brain barrier, thus the toxicity of this agent is the result of its peripheral action. This action is manifested by cognitive impairment and anatomical changes in the brain and peripheral nervous system found in both preclinical and clinical studies in adult patients. Furthermore, more than 50% of children with cancer are treated with anthracyclines including doxorubicin, which may affect their nervous system, and lead to lifelong damage in many areas of their life. Despite ongoing research into the side effects of this drug, the mechanism of its neurotoxicity action on the central and peripheral nervous system is still not well understood. This review aims to summarize the neurotoxic effects of doxorubicin in preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) research and in clinical studies. Furthermore, it discusses the possible mechanisms of the toxic action of this agent on the nervous system.
HSF1 is a novel prognostic biomarker in high-risk prostate cancer that correlates with ferroptosis
Authors: Jia GaoZhen , Wu WenBo , Chen Lei , Yu Yang , Tang QiLin , Liu HaiTao , Jiang Qi , Han BangMin
Published: June 2023

Background

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in older men in Europe and the United States and has the second highest death rate among male cancers. The transcription of heat shock proteins by Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is known to regulate cell growth and stress. Nevertheless, the impact of HSF1 on ferroptosis in PC through heat shock protein 10 (HSPE1) remains unexplored.

Methods

This study employed a range of analytical techniques, including proteomics sequencing, LC–MS/MS, CHIP-qPCR, Western blotting, immunohisto -chemistry, JC-1, CKK-8, MDA, and ROS assays. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the UALCAN,GEPIA, PCaDB and Metascape platforms.

Results

Compared with levels observed in tumor-adjacent tissue, the levels of proteins associated with fatty acids, amino acids and the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway were significantly upregulated in high-risk PC tissue (Gleason score ≥ 8). HSF1 mRNA and protein levels in high-risk PC tissues were significantly higher than those observed in medium-risk PC (Gleason score = 7) and low-risk PC (Gleason score ≤ 6) tissues. ssGSEA showed that HSF1 was involved in the proliferation and anti-apoptotic processes of PC. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that HSF1 potentially affects the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system by targeting HSPE1. In addition, HSF1 alleviates ROS and MDA levels to enhance the resistance of prostate cancer cells to ferroptosis by regulating HSPE1 in vitro, and HSF1 knockout promotes the susceptibility of PC to RSL3 treatment by increasing ferroptosis in vivo.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings suggest that HSF1 exerts a significant influence on PC. HSF1 may represent a promising biomarker for identifying high-risk PC, and the elimination of HSF1 could potentially enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of RSL3.
TOM40 regulates the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through ROS-mediated AKT/mTOR and p53 signaling
Authors: Ran Hong , Zhang Jin , Zeng Xiaoxia , Wang Zhen , Liu Peng , Kang Chenglin , Qiu Shuqi , Zeng Xianhai , Zhang Peng
Published: June 2023

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent cancer in Southern China, North Africa, and Southeast Asia. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) 40 is a transporter of mitochondrial proteins, and is involved in ovarian cancer cell growth. However, its role in the progression of NPC is still unclear. We found that TOM40 levels were upregulated in NPC tissues and multiple NPC cell lines. In addition, high TOM40 expression in the tumor tissues was associated with poor overall survival and disease specific survival. TOM40 knockdown in the NPC cell lines inhibited their proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, TOM40 silencing also increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Mechanistically, the anti-tumor effects of TOM40 silencing were dependent on the inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling and activation of p53 signaling. To summarize, TOM40 mediates NPC progression through ROS-mediated AKT/mTOR and p53 signaling. Our findings highlight the potential of TOM40 as a therapeutic target for NPC.
Development and validation of a predictive model in diagnosis and prognosis of primary glioblastoma patients based on Homeobox A family
Authors: Zheng Zong-Qing , Yuan Gui-Qiang , Zhang Guo-Guo , Nie Qian-Qian , Wang Zhong
Published: June 2023

Background

Homeobox A (HOXA) family is involved in the development of malignancies as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. However, their roles in glioblastoma (GBM) and clinical significance have not been fully elucidated.

Methods

HOXA mutation and expressions in pan-cancers were investigated using GSCA and Oncomine, which in GBM were validated by cBioPortal, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Kaplan–Meier analyses were conducted to determine prognostic values of HOXAs at genetic and mRNA levels. Diagnostic roles of HOXAs in tumor classification were explored by GlioVis and R software. Independent prognostic HOXAs were identified using Cox survival analyses, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. A HOXAs-based nomogram survival prediction model was developed and evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis, time-dependent Area Under Curve, calibration plots, and Decision Curve Analysis in training and validation cohorts.

Results

HOXAs were highly mutated and overexpressed in pan-cancers, especially in CGGA and TCGA GBM datasets. Genetic alteration and mRNA expression of HOXAs were both found to be prognostic. Specific HOXAs could distinguish IDH mutation (HOXA1-7, HOXA9, HOXA13) and molecular GBM subtypes (HOXA1-2, HOXA9-11, HOXA13). HOXA1/2/3/10 were confirmed to be independent prognostic members, with high expressions validated in clinical GBM tissues. The HOXAs-based nomogram model exhibited good prediction performance and net benefits for patients in training and validation cohorts.

Conclusion

HOXA family has diagnostic values, and the HOXAs-based nomogram model is effective in survival prediction, providing a novel approach to support the treatment of GBM patients.
An Improved Framework for Estimating Organic Carbon Content of Mangrove Soils Using loss-on-ignition and Coastal Environmental Setting
Authors: Breithaupt Joshua L. , Steinmuller Havalend E. , Rovai Andre S. , Engelbert Kevin M. , Smoak Joseph M. , Chambers Lisa G. , Radabaugh Kara R. , Moyer Ryan P. , Chappel Amanda , Vaughn Derrick R. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Twilley Robert R. , Pagliosa Paulo , Cifuentes-Jara Miguel , Torres Danilo
Published: June 2023

The use of loss on ignition (LOI) measurements of soil organic matter (SOM) to estimate soil organic carbon (OC) content is a decades-old practice. While there are limitations and uncertainties to this approach, it continues to be necessary for many coastal wetlands researchers and conservation practitioners without access to an elemental analyzer. Multiple measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) standards recognize the need (and uncertainty) for using this method. However, no framework exists to explain the substantial differences among equations that relate SOM to OC; consequently, equation selection can be a haphazard process leading to widely divergent and inaccurate estimates. To address this lack of clarity, we used a dataset of 1,246 soil samples from 17 mangrove regions in North, Central, and South America, and calculated SOM to OC conversion equations for six unique types of coastal environmental setting. A framework is provided for understanding differences and selecting an equation based on a study region’s SOM content and whether mineral sediments are primarily terrigenous or carbonate in origin. This approach identifies the positive dependence of conversion equation slopes on regional mean SOM content and indicates a distinction between carbonate settings with mean (± 1 S.E.) OC:SOM of 0.47 (0.002) and terrigenous settings with mean OC:SOM of 0.32 (0.018). This framework, focusing on unique coastal environmental settings, is a reminder of the global variability in mangrove soil OC content and encourages continued investigation of broadscale factors that contribute to soil formation and change in blue carbon settings.
Initial end-to-end testing of the ExacTrac dynamic deep inspiration breath hold workflow using a breath hold breast phantom
Authors: Goodall Simon K. , Rampant Peter L.
Published: June 2023

ExacTrac Dynamic (ETD) provides a Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) workflow for breast patients. Stereoscopic x-ray imaging combined with optical and thermal mapping allows localisation against simulation imaging, alongside surface guided breath hold monitoring. This work aimed to determine appropriate imaging parameters, the optimal Hounsfield Unit (HU) threshold for patient contour generation and workflow evaluation via end-to-end (E2E) positioning using a custom breast DIBH phantom. After localisation via existing Image Guidance (IG), stereoscopic imaging was performed with a range of parameters to determine best agreement. Similarly, residual errors in prepositioning were minimised using a range of HU threshold contours. E2E positioning was completed for clinical workflows allowing residual isocentre position error measurement and existing IG comparison. Parameters of 60 kV and 25mAs were determined appropriate for patient imaging and HU thresholds between −600 HU and −200 HU enabled adequate prepositioning. The average and standard deviation in residual isocentre position error was 1.0 ± 0.9 mm, 0.4 ± 1.0 mm and 0.1 ± 0.5 mm in the lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions, respectively. Errors measured using existing IG were −0.6 ± 1.1 mm, 0.5 ± 0.7 mm and 0.2 ± 0.4 mm in the lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions, and 0.0 ± 1.0o, 0.5 ± 1.7o and −0.8 ± 1.8o for pitch roll and yaw. The use of bone weighted matching increased residual error, while simulated reduction of DIBH volume maintained isocentre positioning accuracy despite anatomical changes. This initial testing indicated suitability for clinical implementation during DIBH breast treatments.
Nonpoint source pollution measures in the Clean Water Act have no detectable impact on decadal trends in nutrient concentrations in U.S. inland waters
Authors: Tomczyk Nathan , Naslund Laura , Cummins Carolyn , Bell Emily V. , Bumpers Phillip , Rosemond Amy D.
Published: June 2023

The Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972 regulates water quality in U.S. inland waters under a system of cooperative federalism in which states are delegated implementation and enforcement authority of CWA provisions by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We leveraged heterogeneity in state implementation of the CWA to evaluate the efficacy of its nonpoint source provisions in reducing nutrient pollution, the leading cause of water quality impairment in U.S. inland waters. We used national survey data to estimate changes in nutrient concentrations over a decade and evaluated the effect of state-level policy implementation. We found no evidence to support an effect of (i) grant spending on nonpoint source pollution remediation, (ii) nutrient criteria development, or (iii) water quality monitoring intensity on 10-year trends in nutrient concentrations. These results suggest that the current federal policy paradigm for improving water quality is not creating desired outcomes.
Racial Disparities in the Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Wisniowski Paul , Samakar Kamran
Published: June 2023

Purpose of Review

Racial disparities in surgical outcomes have been identified in multiple fields including bariatric surgery. Obesity and metabolic co-morbidities often affect racial minorities to a greater extent than Caucasian patients; however, the impact of bariatric surgery is often dampened. The purpose of this review is to evaluate possible racial difference in bariatric surgery outcomes.

Recent Findings

Obesity is a national epidemic which disproportionately affects racial minorities. Bariatric surgery, while safe and effective, has been shown to result in variable outcomes depending on the race of the patient. Non-Hispanic Black patients often have less weight loss, lower resolution of diabetes, and a higher rate of post-operative complications. Socioeconomic status has been theorized to account for the variance seen among races; however, various studies into socioeconomic factors have yielded mixed results.

Based on current evidence there remains a racial difference in some, but not all postoperative surgical outcomes. Despite these findings, bariatric surgery remains safe and effective and patients meeting criteria for bariatric surgery should strongly consider the options. However, further investigations are needed to bridge the racial differences in bariatric outcomes.
A note on gradient estimates for p-Laplacian equations
Authors: Guarnotta Umberto , Marano Salvatore A.
Published: June 2023

The aim of this short paper is to show that some assumptions in Guarnotta et al. (Adv Nonlinear Anal 11:741–756, 2022) can be relaxed and even dropped when looking for weak solutions instead of strong ones. This improvement is a consequence of two results concerning gradient terms: an $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

estimate, which exploits nonlinear potential theory, and a compactness result, based on the classical Riesz-Fréchet-Kolmogorov theorem.
Beyond Predictive Learning Analytics Modelling and onto Explainable Artificial Intelligence with Prescriptive Analytics and ChatGPT
Authors: Susnjak Teo
Published: June 2023

A significant body of recent research in the field of Learning Analytics has focused on leveraging machine learning approaches for predicting at-risk students in order to initiate timely interventions and thereby elevate retention and completion rates. The overarching feature of the majority of these research studies has been on the science of prediction only. The component of predictive analytics concerned with interpreting the internals of the models and explaining their predictions for individual cases to stakeholders has largely been neglected. Additionally, works that attempt to employ data-driven prescriptive analytics to automatically generate evidence-based remedial advice for at-risk learners are in their infancy. eXplainable AI is a field that has recently emerged providing cutting-edge tools which support transparent predictive analytics and techniques for generating tailored advice for at-risk students. This study proposes a novel framework that unifies both transparent machine learning as well as techniques for enabling prescriptive analytics, while integrating the latest advances in large language models for communicating the insights to learners. This work demonstrates a predictive modelling framework for identifying learners at risk of qualification non-completion based on a real-world dataset comprising $$\sim $$
∼
7000 learners with their outcomes, covering 2018 - 2022. The study further demonstrates how predictive modelling can be augmented with prescriptive analytics on two case studies to generate human-readable prescriptive feedback for those who are at risk using ChatGPT.
Study of energy-efficient heat resistance and cooling technology for high temperature working face with multiple heat sources in deep mine
Authors: Zhao Hongbin , Tu Shihao , Liu Xun , Ma Jieyang , Tang Long
Published: June 2023

In the present research, we proposed a scheme to address the issues of severe heat damage, high energy consumption, low cooling system efficiency, and wastage of cold capacity in mines. To elucidate the seasonal variations of environmental temperature through field measurements, we selected a high-temperature working face in a deep mine as our engineering background. To enhance the heat damage control cability of the working face and minimize unnecessary cooling capacity loss, we introduced the multi-dimensional heat hazard prevention and control method called "Heat source barrier and cooling equipment". First, we utilize shotcrete and liquid nitrogen injection to eliminate the heat source and implemented pressure equalization ventilation to disrupt the heat transfer path, thereby creating a heat barrier. Second, we establish divisional prediction models for airflow temperature based on the variation patterns obtained through numerical simulation. Third, we devise the location and dynamic control strategy for the cooling equipment based on the prediction models. The results of field application show that the heat resistance and cooling linkage method comply with the safety requirement throughout the entire mining cycle while effectively reducing energy consumption. The ambient temperature is maintained below 30 °C, resulting in the energy saving of 10% during the high-temperature period and over 50% during the low-temperature period. These findings serve as a valuable reference for managing heat damage in high-temperature working faces.
On 7-division fields of CM elliptic curves
Authors: Alessandrì Jessica , Paladino Laura
Published: June 2023

Let "Equation missing" be a CM elliptic curve defined over a number field K, with Weiestrass form $$y^3=x^3+bx$$

y
3

=

x
3

+
b
x

or $$y^2=x^3+c$$

y
2

=

x
3

+
c

. For every positive integer m, we denote by "Equation missing" the m-torsion subgroup of "Equation missing" and by "Equation missing" the m-th division field, i.e. the extension of K generated by the coordinates of the points in "Equation missing". We classify all the fields $$K_7$$

K
7

. In particular we give explicit generators for $$K_7/K$$

K
7

/
K

and produce all the Galois groups $$\textrm{Gal}(K_7/K)$$

Gal
(

K
7

/
K
)

. We also show some applications to the Local–Global Divisibility Problem and to modular curves.
Applying the PERMA Framework to Young Volunteers in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Carlton Sally , Wong Jennifer H. K.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we apply the PERMA framework (Seligman, Flourish, Simon & Schuster, 2011) to the experiences of 63 young people who have volunteered in Ōtautahi Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand, at some point across the decade 2010–20. We seek to (1) explore the suitability of PERMA to young volunteers’ experiences of well-being, and (2) map out the relationships between the PERMA domains when the framework is applied. Our findings suggest that PERMA constitutes a suitable framework for considering the well-being of young volunteers in Aotearoa New Zealand, but also underscore the importance of context-specific conceptualisations of well-being. Our analysis reveals strong relationships between the PERMA domains, particularly emphasising the centrality of meaning to the well-being of young volunteers. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for advancing our understanding of and how to best support the well-being of young volunteers.
Passive electrochemical hydrogen recombiner for hydrogen safety systems: prospects
Authors: Avdeenkov A. V. , Bessarabov D. G. , Zaryugin D. G.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the concept of a passive electrochemical hydrogen recombiner (PEHR). The reaction energy of the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen is used as a source of electrical energy according to the operating principle for hydrogen fuel cells to establish forced circulation of the hydrogen mixture as an alternative to natural circulation (as is not utilized in conventional passive autocatalytic hydrogen recombiners currently used in nuclear power plants (NPPs)). The proposed concept of applying the physical operation principles of a PEHR based on a fuel cell simultaneously increases both productivity in terms of recombined hydrogen and the concentration threshold of flameless operation (the ‘ignition’ limit). Thus, it is possible to reliably ensure the hydrogen explosion safety of NPPs under all conditions, including beyond-design accidents. An experimental setup was assembled to test a laboratory sample of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) at various hydrogen concentrations near the catalytic surfaces of the electrodes, and the corresponding current–voltage characteristics were recorded. The simplest MEA based on the Advent P1100W PBI membrane demonstrated stable performance (delivery of electrical power) over a wide range of hydrogen concentrations.
Prediction of Early Dropouts in Patient Remote Monitoring Programs
Authors: Vouzis Eleftherios , Maglogiannis Ilias
Published: June 2023

The analysis of medical data is a significant opportunity worldwide for national health systems to reduce costs and at the same time improve healthcare. The utilization of these technologies is done in the context of monitoring health issues, counting health goals, as well as for recording medical data. In such a context, early detection of users at risk of lower compliance rates and patterns of use of a health monitoring application suggesting a risk of abandonment is an invaluable opportunity to implement tailored intervention strategies aimed at recovering and avoiding abandonment thoughts. This study aims to identify patterns of early dropout in users of an application for mobile intervention, having access to a database of users who have experienced the impact of a digital monitoring application to improve their quality of life for at least 6 months. At the experimental stage, many different approaches for early dropout prediction were implemented with a different set of features. Specifically, the current study proposes a methodology using the Neighborhood Cleaning Rule and a specific classification algorithm based on the Stacked Generalization learning method to predict the early abandonment of users of the health monitoring application. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to predict the early dropout of users from the application with an accuracy of 97.6%, making it reliable enough to be used as an early warning system.
Views on volunteering in mental health: a focus group study with mental health professionals and volunteers in Portugal
Authors: Pinto da Costa Mariana , Oliveira Jaime
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Volunteering has reported health benefits. However, little is known in Portugal about the views of mental health professionals and volunteers on volunteering in mental health care.

Methods

A qualitative secondary analysis of data from six focus groups with 28 participants was conducted in order to explore and compare the perspectives on volunteering in mental health of two stakeholders: mental health professionals and volunteers in Portugal.

Results

Four main themes arose: the nature of the volunteering relationship; volunteering has multiple aims; technology has potential for volunteering; and volunteering has its challenges. Although there were mostly commonalities between their views, some variability suggested that different stakeholders may consider different aspects of volunteering differently. Overall, stakeholders called for structured recruitment and support, training, defining boundaries and fighting the stigma of mental illness.

Conclusion

Despite the lack of volunteering tradition in mental health care in Portugal, volunteering programmes were perceived as an important resource for patients with mental illness.
Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Biomedical Interventions on Adult Hepatitis B Elimination in China: A Mathematical Modelling Study
Authors: Wang Xinran , Du Zhicheng , Wang Yijing , Wang Junren , Huang Shanshan , Wang Ying , Gu Jing , Deng Wanyu , Gilmour Stuart , Li Jinghua , Hao Yuantao
Published: June 2023

Background

China has one of the highest hepatitis B virus (HBV) disease burdens worldwide and tracking progress toward the 2030 HBV elimination targets is essential. This study aimed to assess the impact of biomedical interventions (i.e., adult vaccination, screening and treatment) on the adult HBV epidemic, estimate the time for HBV elimination, and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the interventions in China.

Methods

A deterministic compartmental model was developed to project the HBV epidemic from 2022 to 2050 and estimate the time to meet elimination targets under four intervention scenarios. Cost-effectiveness was calculated using incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, i.e., average cost-effectiveness ratio (CER).

Results

Under the status quo, there will be 42.09–45.42 million adults living with HBV in 2050 and 11.04–14.36 million HBV-related deaths cumulatively from 2022 to 2050. Universal vaccination would cumulatively avert 3.44–3.95 million new cases at a cost of US$1027–1261/QALY gained. The comprehensive strategy would cumulatively avert 4.67–5.24 million new chronic cases and 1.39–1.85 million deaths, expediting the realization of the elimination targets forward to 2049. This strategy was also cost-effective with an average CER of US$20,796–26,685/QALY and a saved healthcare cost of US$16.10–26.84 per person.

Conclusion

China is not on track to meet the elimination targets but comprehensive biomedical interventions can accelerate the realization of the targets. A comprehensive strategy is cost-effective and cost-saving, which should be promoted in primary care infrastructures. Universal adult vaccination may be appropriate in the near future considering practical feasibility.
Non-Newtonian Slippery Nanofluid Flow Due to a Stretching Sheet Through a Porous Medium with Heat Generation and Thermal Slip
Authors: Abbas W. , Megahed Ahmed M. , Ibrahim M. A. , Said Ahmed A. M.
Published: June 2023

The domains of engineering, electrical, and medicine all have a significant demand for nanofluids. Applications for nanofluid flow include electronic device storage, industrial cooling and heating frameworks, and associated medicinal management information systems. Nanofluids are utilized generally as coolants in heat exchangers such as thermostats, electronic cooling systems, and radiators due to their enhanced thermal characteristics. This study aims to explain the mixed convection phenomenon’s applications on the thermal impact of Maxwell nanofluid. The mass diffusivity is supposed to be a function of concentration, whereas the thermal conductivity and viscosity of Maxwell nanofluid are assumed to be functions of temperature. It is recommended to consider the additional thermal effects of thermal slip, magnetic fields, and heat generation phenomena. The fluid flow motion was caused by the vertically stretched sheet. The dimensionless formulation of the suggested physical model is shown by the suitable variables interacting. The shooting approach is used in the numerical simulations, and it is based on lowering higher-order nonlinear differential equations to first-order. The slip velocity and the magnetic parameters have a direct impact on the local skin friction coefficient and velocity, as indicated by the research findings. Also, the increase in values of the Maxwell parameter, porous parameter, and viscosity parameter leads to the enhancement of temperature distribution, while the decline in velocity distribution can be attributed to the same factors. A comparison is also made with the results described in the literature that is currently available, and a superb agreement is discovered.
Estimation of regional anthropogenic heat from air conditioning systems and related devices in metropolitan commercial districts of Japan
Authors: Ueno Takahiro , Kumakura Eiko , Ashie Yasunobu
Published: June 2023

With the expanding urban areas and increasing elderly population in Japan, anthropogenic heat poses substantial threat to human health. Air conditioning systems contribute to the anthropogenic heat from buildings. However, information regarding the heat characteristics of these systems is inadequate. In the present study, we developed a method for estimating anthropogenic heat from air conditioning, which accounts for most of the artificial heat from buildings during summer, to include artificial anthropogenic heat from surrounding buildings in the local heat risk assessment. The estimation results for commercial areas in Japan using the developed method showed that latent heat from air conditioning is substantially higher than sensible heat, and there was a difference in heat emissions between daytime and nighttime and between weekdays and holidays. A comparison of the calculation results of our method and those of previous studies showed no major differences in the orders of magnitude. With regard to the change in the amount of air-conditioning anthropogenic heat in the region, a directly proportional relationship was found between the outdoor temperature and the amount of air-conditioning anthropogenic heat. These results are useful for assessing the summer heat risk in urban areas and developing methods to mitigate the risks posed by urban heat.
French Colonialism
Authors: Smith Leonard V.
Published: June 2023

France had the second largest empire in the world after Britain, but one with very different origins and purposes. Over more than four centuries, the French empire explained itself in many different ways through many different colonial regimes. Beginning in the early modern period, a vast mercantile empire based on furs and fish in the New World and sugar cultivated by the enslaved in the Caribbean rose and fell. At intervals thereafter, the French seemed to have an empire simply as an attribute of a Great Power, generally in competition with Britain. Relatively few French people ever moved to the empire, even to the settler colony of Algeria. Under the Third Republic, the French construed a “civilizing mission” melding selectively applied principles of democracy and colonial capitalism. Two world wars and two anticolonial wars broke French imperial power as it had previously existed, yet numberless traces of the French empire lived on, both in the former colonies and in today's French Republic. This narrative history recounts the unique course of the French empire, questioning how it made sense to the people who ruled it, lived under it, and fought against it.
Collocations, Corpora and Language Learning
Authors: Szudarski Paweł
Published: June 2023

This Element provides a systematic overview and synthesis of corpus-based research into collocations focusing on the learning and use of collocations by second language (L2) users. Underlining the importance of collocation as a key notion within the field of corpus linguistics, the text offers a state-of-the-art account of the main findings related to the applications of corpora and corpus-based measures for defining, identifying and analysing collocations as related to second language acquisition. Emphasising the quality of L2 collocation research, the Element illustrates key methodological issues to be considered when conducting this type of corpus analysis. It also discusses examples of pertinent research questions and points to representative studies treated as models of good practice. Aiming at researchers both new and experienced, the Element also points to avenues for future work and shows the relevance of corpus-based analysis for improving the process of learning and teaching of L2 collocations.
A Benefit-Cost Analysis of Increased International Migration of Skilled Labor in Africa and the World
Authors: Maskus Keith E.
Published: June 2023

Greater labor migration can establish more channels for information flows, directly contributing to faster economic growth and improved innovation and work. It can also expand international remittances, which can be invested by recipient households in home countries in education, entrepreneurship, and improved and sustainable agricultural technologies. At the same time, however, increased emigration of medical professionals and technical workers from poor countries can reduce quality of local services, innovation, health status, and productivity. This analysis attempts to quantify the economic benefits and costs of permitting an immediate 10% increase in the bilateral migration of skilled workers (physicians, engineers or science, engineering, technology, and mathematics workers, and other persons with advanced educations) among the nations of the African Continental Free Trade Area and, more broadly, among 25 global regions. Economic benefits include higher migrant incomes abroad, welfare gains in destination countries associated with higher economic efficiency, spillover productivity gains, and an improved ability of the younger and more skilled working force to support the needs of the wider population, resulting in higher national production. Benefits in source countries include productivity enhancements from two sources: (a) greater access to knowledge associated with more bilateral trade and investment and (b) the ability of local households to invest remittances in productivity-enhancing activities. Welfare losses in source nations include static efficiency reductions and a worsened demographic support capability. In Africa, the benefit-cost ratios range from 3.7 to 6.9; in the global analysis, 17 to 38.
Laser chirp controlled relativistic few-cycle mid-infrared pulse generation
Authors: Li Dongao , Zhang Guobo , Zhao Jie , Hu Yanting , Lu Yu , Zhang Hao , Li Qianni , Zhang Dongze , Sha Rong , Shao Fuqiu , Sheng Zhengming , Yu Tongpu
Published: June 2023

Relativistic few-cycle mid-infrared (mid-IR) pulses are unique tools for strong-field physics and ultrafast science, but are difficult to generate with traditional nonlinear optical methods. Here, we propose a scheme to generate such pulses with high efficiency via plasma-based frequency modulation with a negatively chirped laser pulse (NCLP). The NCLP is rapidly compressed longitudinally due to dispersion and plasma etching, and its central frequency is downshifted via photon deceleration due to the enhanced laser intensity and plasma density modulations. Simulation results show that few-cycle mid-IR pulses with the maximum center wavelength of

$7.9\;\unicode{x3bc} \mathrm{m}$

and pulse intensity of

${a}_{\mathrm{MIR}}=2.9$

can be generated under a proper chirp parameter. Further, the maximum energy conversion efficiency can approach 5.0%. Such a relativistic mid-IR source is promising for a wide range of applications.
Late CambrianPywackiais a cnidarian, not a bryozoan: Insights from skeletal microstructure
Authors: Hageman Steven J. , Vinn Olev
Published: June 2023

The phylum Bryozoa had long been the only major phylum unknown from the Cambrian and by inference the Cambrian Explosion of biodiversity. When described in 2010 as a late Cambrian cryptostome bryozoan,Pywackia baileyiLanding in Landing et al., 2010 became the oldest known bryozoan (early Cambrian bryozoans have since been described). Controversy remains about the phylum-level identification ofPywackiaLanding in Landing et al., 2010—one study proposed an interpretation ofPywackiaas an octocoral. No previous studies of the skeletal microstructure ofPywackiahave employed the analysis of petrographic thin sections and high-magnification scanning electron microscopy. These two methods, with the addition of data from previous studies, are employed in this analysis of skeletal microstructure, a feature often important for higher-level taxonomic identification. Although many candidate groups were considered,Pywackia's distinctive pillar and laminae, porous skeleton like many Cnidaria, topology of the body walls, and growth of modules are consistent with a cnidarian affinity.Pywackiaskeletons with primary microstructure were 100% phosphate mineral and were collected from a setting of pervasive phosphatic replacement, which leaves uncertainty as to the original skeletal composition.Pywackiais not assigned here to a cnidarian class and likely represents an early, rare, short-lived cnidarian evolutionary group.
Unlawful Intimacy: The Criminalization of Interracial Relationships in Progressive-Era Chicago
Authors: Markey Kate
Published: June 2023

This article shows how Progressive-Era state actors in Chicago employed open-ended, low-level criminal charges directed at regulating the moral health of the community to criminalize interracial relationships—even though interracial marriage had been legal in Illinois since 1870. Capacious legal definitions of offenses like vagrancy, disorderly conduct, adultery, and fornication allowed police officers and judges to delineate moral and immoral relationships along racial lines. Using newspaper articles, writing from contemporary social reformers, and court reports, this article reconstructs the treatment of interracial couples in the Chicago legal system to show how discretion in criminal law can reinforce racial hierarchy. I offer three historical arguments: first, that individual arrests and prosecutions of interracial couples labeled lawful, interracial relationships as a form of unlawful “vice,” second, that large-scale raids on spaces for interracial socialization reinforced the criminality of interracial intimacy in a segregated city, and third, that singling out interracial couples allowed the state to exercise control through intrusive forms of punishment like probation and institutionalization.
Preliminary evaluation of a smartphone application (DelApp) for identification of delirium in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Paddick Stella-Maria , Gamassa Editruda , Mwaluwinga Nuru , Lewis Grace , Duinmaijer Ashanti , Urasa Sarah , Tucker Laura , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta Blagoja , Cosker Glynis , Dekker Marieke , Kisoli Aloyce , Cletus Jane , Lissu Caroline , Dotchin Catherine , Gray William K. , Walker Richard
Published: June 2023

Objective:

In sub-Saharan Africa, there are no validated screening tools for delirium in older adults, despite the known vulnerability of older people to delirium and the associated adverse outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a brief smartphone-based assessment of arousal and attention (DelApp) in the identification of delirium amongst older adults admitted to the medical department of a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Tanzania.

Method:

Consecutive admissions were screened using the DelApp during a larger study of delirium prevalence and risk factors. All participants subsequently underwent detailed clinical assessment for delirium by a research doctor. Delirium and dementia were identified against DSM-5 criteria by consensus.

Results:

Complete data for 66 individuals were collected of whom 15 (22.7%) had delirium, 24.5% had dementia without delirium, and 10.6% had delirium superimposed on dementia. Sensitivity and specificity of the DelApp for delirium were 0.87 and 0.62, respectively (AUROC 0.77) and 0.88 and 0.73 (AUROC 0.85) for major cognitive impairment (dementia and delirium combined). Lower DelApp score was associated with age, significant visual impairment (<6/60 acuity), illness severity, reduced arousal and DSM-5 delirium on univariable analysis, but on multivariable logistic regression only arousal remained significant.

Conclusion:

In this setting, the DelApp performed well in identifying delirium and major cognitive impairment but did not differentiate delirium and dementia. Performance is likely to have been affected by confounders including uncorrected visual impairment and reduced level of arousal without delirium. Negative predictive value was nevertheless high, indicating excellent ‘rule out’ value in this setting.