bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verb Processes in Kurdish Language
Authors: Awl Muhamad Omar
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the processes underlying the usage of transitivity in Kurdish Language. Paul Simpson’s Transitivity model has been adopted in this work. Language use involves both systemic and functional components, the former comprising language grammar system requirements and the latter embracing cognitive/ functional processes underlying the use of a specific systemic component: namely, Material, Mental, Verbal and Relational.

    In a descriptive analysis of transitivity usage in Kurdish language, this paper examines participants’ roles and circumstances in identifying each process. The paper demonstrates that there is a correlation between the speakers’ worldviews and their choice of the processes in using transitivity to generate sentences.

    An adequate and different explanation of the verb concept has been presented on the basis of the semantic organization of a speaker’s experience rather than on viewing transitivity in terms of a grammatical requirement of direct objects. The originality of this paper lies in the various dimensions that such processes provide for analyzing Kurdish sentence structure. The paper can be of benefit as an entry point for studying and understanding the Kurdish verb lexicon and for the program of learning Kurdish language.
Freedom of Faith between the Quran and Islamic Jurisprudence
Authors: Taha Suhaib Mustafa , Almas Nueman Mohammed
Published: July 2020

This research focuses on freedom of faith between the holy Quran and Islamic jurisprudence. It explores the concept of freedom in general and the freedom of faith in particular to find out to what extent the holy Quran pays attention to these freedoms. The research then tries to find out to what extent these freedoms are reflected in the Islamic jurisprudence, focusing on certain jurisprudences that seem to contradict the holy Quran, such as Islamic jurisprudence regarding infidels and polytheists, apostates and dualist-infidels. The research concludes that there is a difference between the extent of freedom in the holy Quran and in the Islamic jurisprudence, since these freedoms have a wider extent in the holy Quran as compared to the Islamic jurisprudence. It is also concluded that the Islamic jurisprudences, which seem to us to be extreme, in fact originate from a time and place that are completely different from our time and place.
English Language Teaching Methods and Reforms in English Curriculum in Iraq; an Overview
Authors: M.Amin Momen Yaseen
Published: July 2020

Language teaching curriculum and teaching methods is a complex process. This process needs the utility of a number of linguistic, psychological, sociological, pedagogical, and political disciplines. Also, a curriculum-designer has to answer the need of the theory. It also needs cooperative efforts in which experienced English language teachers move together with specialists in the subject-matter. (Corder, 1973:13)
This paper aims to shed light on the history of English curriculum in Iraq and on the phases of reform it has witnessed. English language teaching methods (traditional and recent) in this country will be discussed as well.
THE REPRESENTATION OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES IN NORTH STAR COURSEBOOK: A CONTENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Omer Brwa Othman
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences theory represented in North Star: “Reading and Writing” and “Listening and speaking” books for level one. From each of the books a chapter has been selected for analysis. For the Reading and Writing book, the chapter contains 36 activities and 31 activities for the Listening and Speaking book. Content analysis has been used along with a list of activities adopted from Botelho (2003) to investigate the occurrences in which different intelligences are enhanced throughout the activities. The results of the research proved an imbalance in the distribution of intelligences. It also showed that the most dominant intelligence was verbal/linguistic followed by intrapersonal, interpersonal, spatial/visual, logical/mathematical and bodily kinesthetic. As for the rest of the intelligences, they had no place in the activities which are suggested to be catered for with supplementary materials.
The role of financing companies in supporting small projects in Iraq for (2006-2015)
Authors: Khalid Nihad , Ahmed Younis A.
Published: July 2020

The main objective of this study is to shed light on the reality of financing small projects, to show their economic impacts and challenges, and to clarify the correlation between the effectiveness of small projects and their financing institutions and companies.
       In order to achieve the objectives of the study was based on the comparative descriptive analytical method to determine the status of the current small projects in Iraq, and then study the role of financing companies in the circumstances experienced in Iraqi economy.
   One of the most important findings of the study, despite the security and economic difficulties in Iraq, the Iraqi Company for Bank Guarantees and the Iraqi Company for the financing of small and medium projects has a good contributed to the financing and support of small projects in Iraq through the establishment of new projects and the re-operation of some of the projects stalled, which led to the job creation and income generation (contributing to the raising of GDP). Moreover, it is necessary to set a comprehensive plan by the government to encourage finance companies and banks more justice between different social groups, governorates and economic sectors.
Facebook- Assisted Communication in EFL Learning: A Case Study of UHD Students of English
Authors: Bdaiwi Sahima Abdulsalam
Published: July 2020

this research paper investigates the influences of social networks on the improvement of communication skills among EFL learners. The paper considers the new forms of social networks like Facebook and Skype as new effective mediums for the process of Language Learning that help EFL learners to improve their communication capacity. Since, social networks take a major part in our daily life, and play a crucial role in our development in term of knowledge and information; therefore, they can be integrated and involved in the process of Language Learning because they can provide a better environment and interaction between teachers and learners compared to the traditional classes. So, learners in social network-assisted language learning will be able to accelerate and improve their abilities in term of listening, speaking, and writing skills. Thus, the focus of this paper will be on Facebook as a popular social network that can improve communication skills among EFL learners. To theorize this argument, an experimental study was conducted with the participation of 40 freshmen from University of Human Development in KRG who were taking conversation class in the department of English Language. The students were divided into for two different groups; group A (20 students) as the experimental group, and group B (20 students) as the control group. The investigation consisted of three months of study and observation with two different tests. First of all, an entrance test was conducted for the two groups from the very beginning of the language course to measure the students’ communication skills before their entrance in the course. Then, the two groups were allowed to participate in two different English Language courses; a traditional English Language course inside class for the control group, and a Facebook-assisted English language course for the experimental group. At the end of the language courses, a post-test was conducted to measure the amount of improvement the students made in their communication skills during the three-month language course. The results showed significant improvement in the communication capacity of the students who participated in the Facebook-assisted English language course, while little improvement observed among the students who participated in the traditional English Language course.
The Hidden Truth Behind the Forms of Beauty in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale
Authors: Raouf Chalak Ghafoor , Namiq Sara Rasul
Published: July 2020

this paper theorizes the latest forms of the patriarchal control through analyzing Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale. The paper tries to assume that women in the post-modern age are no longer controlled through the traditional forms of control, but, they are controlled through the forms of beauty such as makeup, fashion, and plastic surgery. Instead of confining women at home, and oppressing them so as to control them, male-dominated societies nowadays are controlling women through beauty experts and their productions. Thus, women are no longer confined at home, and they are no longer oppressed, but, they are working side by side with their male counterparts, and making money just like them, but the problem is that they are spending their money on the forms of beauty. In this way, male societies give women a limited freedom as a key strategy for manipulation in the first step, and then, they try to keep them busy with the forms of beauty so as to make them remain under control. From the late nineteenth century to the post-modern age women have faced numerous challenges. They have been subdued and introverted by the male forms of power, but due to the Industrial Revolution, the technological advancement, and the two world wars, females have been able to open their eyes and see the reality around them. Though, even till this day they are living for the purpose of men and are becoming a symbol for pleasure and an ornament of decoration through the different forms of beauty. So, what this paper tries to do is to discover the hidden truths behind the forms of beauty, and theorize these forms as the latest tools of patriarchal control in the post-modern age.
The Stylistics of The Prophetic Prayer at The Phonological Level
Authors: Abduraheem Abdulwahab Abdullah , Faraj Hawre Muhamad Ameen
Published: July 2020

When adding du'aa 'to du'aa' or praying to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), it includes all that has been proven to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), which includes the definition of du'aa 'from the unification of Allaah and praising him or what was in it. The minimum of the life needs of the father.

The sound analysis in this study of the noble prophetic teachings - including the sounds and rhythms - revealed the aesthetic aspects in them, in addition to the detection of the emotional emotions and emotions that govern the creator, which leads to the selection of sounds and rhythms of particular, and it is not hidden that the sound material is the appearance The emotional emotion, and that this emotion by nature is the reason for the diversification of the voice by the output of the range or softness or intensity, the prophetic claim enjoys a sound of the sound of the error of the ears of the titans of high literature high, stems from the rhetoric of the order of the word, arrangement corresponds to vibration and emotions during prayer and ripples It is apparent that this is due to several things, the most important of which is that the sanctuary is higher than that in which he resorts to the representation of a detector or a certain representation. The person who is called -sabhanh- knows the need of the da'i and the imam of himself, and the nearest And to hear what he calls his senses, including that photography is used for the purposes of illustration or confirmation or adornment or otherwise, and these purposes is not suitable for the place of prayer, and the majesty of the invited and the fear of the Da'i. However, the few times that photography appears in the Prophetic Prophets, it is used as a distinctive method of expression and its facets of meanings, through which the meanings are expressed through various artistic means (metaphor, metaphor and metaphor), which are the most important elements of the image In the texts of the Prophet's Supplication. Finally, we say that the prophetic supplications fall within the method of easy abstinence, in which the truth of my saying and my heart is true, and my verbal creativity is a moral style. There is no stuffing in the saying, and I have no meanings, and no infringement in the request.
Investment Environment and Sustainable Development in Kurdistan Region - Iraq
Authors: Maher Asaad Hamdi , Ahmad Muhsin Ibrahim
Published: July 2020

The investment environment is one of the most important issues related to competitiveness in attracting foreign direct investment as a main source of financing investments in the productive and service sectors in light of the scarcity of domestic resources. The development of these sectors contributes to job creation, reducing poverty in the society and raising the standard of living of citizens. The policy of diversification of the production base remained a part of sustainable development indicators. 
The research aims to identify the investment environment and analyze the indicators of sustainable development in the Kurdistan Region to learn about its reality and the challenges. The research concluded with a number of conclusions reached and then presented a number of suggestions to benefit from planning for sustainable development in the Kurdistan region.
The legal correlation between the role of national judicial oversight of arbitration and disputes related to administrative contracts of an international character Analytical study - comparison
Authors: Hama Zana Rauf , Amin Rawsht Mohammed
Published: July 2020

In light of the openness to the world and the emergence of cross-border transactions, he made the parties of the litigation choose an alternative way to resolve the dispute due to the long period of judicial procedures, so the arbitration system, which has become a real guarantee for its confidentiality, speed and independence in the procedures required by international administrative contracts, has increased the role of those The quality of contracts in attracting foreign investment in the field of infrastructure and major national projects in both developing and developed countries. Despite all the advantages of the arbitration system, it is not without the risks that may surround it, including the abandonment of some of the specific formal guarantees that the legislator has provided to the litigants, and the parties to the parties to those risks are only guaranteed by flexible supervision by the judiciary. The independence of the arbitral tribunal and the state's prestige and jurisdiction are preserved.
Analyze the Relationship between Public relations and Knowledge sharing and their Impact on achieving Excellence Performance
Authors: Abdullah Mahabat Noori
Published: July 2020

The research sought to test the relationship between the dimensions of public relations and represented (trust, commitment and satisfaction) as an independent variable and knowledge sharing as an intermediate variable through its dimensions (individual dimension, organizational dimension and technological dimension) and to know the impact of that relationship on achieving Excellence Performance as an approved variable, and within that framework Is it necessary to answer a basic question that is there a relationship and influence between public relations, knowledge sharing, and outstanding performance? For this purpose, private sector banks were chosen in the city of Erbil. The study sample included a group of managers of private sector banks in the city of Erbil, who numbered (92) managers.

  The research adopted the descriptive analytical method. The questionnaire promised the main tool for collecting the required data, which was analyzed by adopting the statistical software (pct v.25 SPSS).

The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a relationship and an effect of public relations in knowledge sharing, which has proven its direct impact on Excellence Performance.

Keywords: public relations, - knowledge sharing, Excellence Performance.
A Novel Narrative E-Writing Intervention for Parents of Children With Chronic Life-Threatening Illnesses: Protocol for a Pilot, Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Ho Andy Hau Yan , Dutta Oindrila , Tan-Ho Geraldine , Tan Toh Hsiang Benny , Low Casuarine Xinyi , Ganapathy Sashikumar , Car Josip , Ho Ringo Moon-Ho , Miao Chun Yan
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

A novel evidence-based Narrative e-Writing Intervention (NeW-I) has been developed and tested in Singapore to advance psychosociospiritual support for parents of children with chronic life-threatening illnesses. NeW-I is informed by an international systematic review and a Singapore-based qualitative inquiry on the lived experience of parental bereavement and supported by literature on anticipatory grief interventions for improving the holistic well-being of parent caregivers of seriously ill children.

OBJECTIVE

This study's aim was to provide an accessible platform, NeW-I—which is a strengths- and meaning-focused and therapist-facilitated mobile app and web-based counseling platform—that aims to enhance quality of life, spiritual well-being, hope, and perceived social support and reduce depressive symptoms, caregiver burden, and risk of complicated grief among parents of children with chronic life-threatening illnesses.

METHODS

The NeW-I therapist-facilitated web-based platform comprises a mobile app and a website (both of which have the same content
and functionality). NeW-I has been implemented in Singapore as a pilot open-label randomized controlled trial comprising intervention and control groups. Both primary and secondary outcomes will be self-reported by participants through questionnaires. In collaboration with leading pediatric palliative care providers in Singapore, the trial aims to enroll 36 participants in each group (N=72), so that when allowing for 30% attrition at follow-up, the sample size will be adequate to detect a small effect size of 0.2 in the primary outcome measure, with 90% power and two-sided significance level of at least .05. The potential effectiveness of NeW-I and the accessibility and feasibility of implementing and delivering the intervention will be assessed.

RESULTS

Funding support and institutional review board approval for this study have been secured. Data collection started in January 2019 and is ongoing.

CONCLUSIONS

NeW-I aspires to enhance holistic pediatric palliative care services through a structured web-based counseling platform that is sensitive to the unique cultural needs of Asian family caregivers who are uncomfortable with expressing emotion even during times of loss and separation. The findings of this pilot study will inform the development of a full-scale NeW-I protocol and further research to evaluate the efficacy of NeW-I in Singapore and in other Asian communities around the world.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03684382; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03684382

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/17561
Design and rationale of NATURE-HTN: the NAtional Tunisian REgistry of HyperTensioN (Preprint)
Authors: Abid Leila , Abdesselem Salem , Hammami Rania , Ben Slima Hedi , Sayahi Khaled , Bahloul Mohamed Amine , Chatmouri Ikram , Charfeddine Selma , Rais Lamia , Kaab Badr , Ben Fatma Lilia , Garbaa Riadh , Allouche Emna , Ben Halima Manel , Amdouni Nesrine , Boukhris Sabrine , Ghorbel Chaima , Soudani Sabrine , Khaled Imen , Triki Syrine , Bouazizi Feten , Jemai Imen , Boudiche Slim , Abdeljalil Ouday , Ammar Yemna , Farah Amani , Neji Adnen , Oumayma Zeineb , Seghaier Sana , Mokrani Samir , Thawaba Hamza , Sarray Hela , Ouaghlani Khalil , Thabet Houssem , Mnif Zeineb , Boujelban Fatma , Sghaier Mohamed , Khalifa Roueida , Fourati Sami , Kammoun Yasmin , Abid Syrine , Hamza Chihab , Ben Jeddou Syrine , Sabbah Lassaad , Lakhdhar Rim , Razgallah Rabie , Dammak Najla , Sellami Tarek , Mourali Mohamed Sami , Herbegue Basma , Koubaa Alia , Addad Faouzi
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

The present study was designed to evaluate the care of hypertensive patients in daily clinical practice in public and private centers in all Tunisian regions. It will allow us to have an overview of the Tunisian hypertensive patient in order to optimize treatment and to know the degree of adherence of practitioners to international recommendations in the care of the hypertension in Tunisia.

OBJECTIVE

he present study was designed to evaluate the care of hypertensive patients in daily clinical practice in public and private centers in all Tunisian regions.

METHODS

National, observational, cross-sectional, and multicenter study that will include patients older than 18 years with hypertension for duration of 4 weeks, following up in public and private centers and after signing a consent form. The study will exclude patients undergoing dialysis. The parameters that will be evaluated include demographic and anthropometric data, lifestyle habits, BP levels, lipid profile, treatment and adherence to treatment. The data are collected via the DACIMA Clinical Suite® web interface.

RESULTS

At the end of the study, we will find the demographic and anthropometric characteristics of the patients, their past medical history, clinical features and their paraclinical exploratory characteristics (biology, EKG and / or holter blood pressure, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE),). We will provide a description of the therapeutic environment and of adverse events occurring during medical treatment and recommendations.

CONCLUSIONS

We will provide a description of the therapeutic environment and of adverse events occurring during medical treatment and recommendations.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04013503.
A Gamification Framework for Cognitive Assessment and Cognitive Training: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Khaleghi Ali , Aghaei Zahra , Mahdavi Mohammad Amin
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Cognitive tasks designed to measure or train cognition are often repetitive and presented in a monotonous manner, features that lead to participant boredom and disengagement. In this situation, participants do not put forth their best effort to do these tasks well. As a result, neuropsychologists cannot draw accurate conclusions about the data collected, and intervention effects are reduced. It is assumed that greater engagement and motivation will manifest as improved data quality. Gamification, the use of game elements in nongame settings, has been heralded as a potential mechanism for increasing participant engagement in cognitive tasks. Some studies have reported a positive effect of gamification on participant performance, although most studies have shown mixed results. One reason for these contrasting findings is that most studies have applied poor and heterogeneous design techniques to gamify cognitive tasks. Therefore, an appropriate gamification design framework is needed in these tasks.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to propose a framework to guide the design of gamification in cognitive tasks.

METHODS

We employed a design science research (DSR) approach to provide a framework for gamifying cognitive assessments and training by synthesizing current gamification design frameworks and gamification works in cognitive assessment and training, as well as incorporating field experiences. The prototypes of the framework were iteratively evaluated with 17 relevant experts.

RESULTS

We proposed a framework consisting of 7 phases: (1) preparation; (2) knowing users; (3) exploring existing tools for assessing or training a targeted cognitive context and determining the suitability of game-up and mapping techniques; (4) ideation; (5) prototyping using the Objects, Mechanics, Dynamics, Emotions (OMDE) design guideline; (6) development; and (7) disseminating and monitoring.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that (1) an intermediate design framework is needed to gamify cognitive tasks, which means that game elements should be selected by considering current cognitive assessment or training context characteristics since game elements may impose an irrelevant cognitive load that, in turn, can jeopardize data quality; (2) in addition to developing a new gamified cognitive task from scratch, 2 gamification techniques are widely used (first, adding game elements to an existing cognitive task and second, mapping an existing game to a cognitive function or impairment to assess or train it); and (3) further research is required to investigate the interplay of cognitive processes and game mechanics.
Influence of Self-Compassion on the Health of Midwives and Nurses: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Javanmard Mitra , Steen Mary , Vernon Rachael
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Self-compassion is recognized to have a positive effect upon a person’s health. However, the influence of self-compassion on the health of midwives and nurses is less well understood. Midwives and nurses often work in highly demanding environments and situations, and are exposed to multiple work-based stressors simultaneously. Stressors such as a demanding clinical workload, high acuity, missing breaks, working more than their contracted hours, insufficient resources and staff, and poor patient outcomes can lead to midwives and nurses feeling physically exhausted and at increased risk of poor mental health. Self-compassion may act as a protective factor, assisting midwives and nurses to remain healthy.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review will provide an overview of the evidence base relating to the influence of self-compassion on the health of midwives and nurses.

METHODS

The purpose of a scoping review is to comprehensively and systematically review the literature and identify key evidence or gaps. The search strategy for this protocol includes electronic databases such as Medline, Embase, Emcare, PsycInfo, Joanna Briggs Institute, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Grey literature sources will be also searched, including ProQuest Central, internet search engines (Google Scholar), and manually searched key journals and reference lists of relevant articles. This scoping review will be undertaken in seven stages, guided by established scoping review methods and reporting guidelines: (1) identifying the research questions; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting the studies; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results; (6) consulting; and (7) dissemination of knowledge. Data will be abstracted and presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and explanation by three independent researchers.

RESULTS

A preliminary search conducted in Medline (OVID) retrieved 194 results. Completion of the review is expected in December 2020 and will be published in early 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

To our knowledge, this will be the first scoping review of evidence-based literature relating to the influence of self-compassion on the health of midwives and nurses. It is anticipated that this analysis of the literature will contribute to understanding how midwives and nurses may use self-compassion in a proactive way to reduce work-based stressors such as burnout, stress, and compassion fatigue. Furthermore, the findings may inform educational needs with implications for clinical practice.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/21917
Exergaming as a Functional Test Battery in Patients Who Received Arthroscopic Ankle Arthrodesis: Cross-sectional Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hendrickx Roel , van der Avoird Tim , Pilot Peter , Kerkhoffs Gino , Schotanus Martijn
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Recently, movement-based videogames (exergames) have gained popularity in improving the rehabilitation process after surgery. During exergaming, participants are physically challenged as the game component stimulates adherence to the training program. There is no literature on the effect of exergame training interventions in patients who received arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study assessed the potency of an existing exergaming tool for the rehabilitation program of patients who received arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis.

METHODS

A cross-sectional pilot study was performed, in which patients who received arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis (n=8) were subjected to an exergaming protocol. Gait analysis was performed with a treadmill system. A healthy age-matched control group (n=10) was used as the control group.

RESULTS

The patient group was capable of performing exergaming exercises and they showed no floor or ceiling effect. Only in case of the overall stability, the patient group performed significantly less better than the control group (P=.03). Gait analysis showed equal step length with increased external rotation of the affected limb.

CONCLUSIONS

Exergaming seems to be a valuable tool for measuring the ability of patients who received AAA to perform activities of daily living and it has the potential to individualize rehabilitation programs. When exergaming is systematically integrated with patient-reported outcome measures and activity tracking, it has the potential to improve the quality of care.
Deep Learning–Based Multimodal Data Fusion: Case Study in Food Intake Episodes Detection Using Wearable Sensors (Preprint)
Authors: Bahador Nooshin , Ferreira Denzil , Tamminen Satu , Kortelainen Jukka
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Multimodal wearable technologies have brought forward wide possibilities in human activity recognition, and more specifically personalized monitoring of eating habits. The emerging challenge now is the selection of most discriminative information from high-dimensional data collected from multiple sources. The available fusion algorithms with their complex structure are poorly adopted to the computationally constrained environment which requires integrating information directly at the source. As a result, more simple low-level fusion methods are needed.

OBJECTIVE

In the absence of a data combining process, the cost of directly applying high-dimensional raw data to a deep classifier would be computationally expensive with regard to the response time, energy consumption, and memory requirement. Taking this into account, we aimed to develop a data fusion technique in a computationally efficient way to achieve a more comprehensive insight of human activity dynamics in a lower dimension. The major objective was considering statistical dependency of multisensory data and exploring intermodality correlation patterns for different activities.

METHODS

In this technique, the information in time (regardless of the number of sources) is transformed into a 2D space that facilitates classification of eating episodes from others. This is based on a hypothesis that data captured by various sensors are statistically associated with each other and the covariance matrix of all these signals has a unique distribution correlated with each activity which can be encoded on a contour representation. These representations are then used as input of a deep model to learn specific patterns associated with specific activity.

RESULTS

In order to show the generalizability of the proposed fusion algorithm, 2 different scenarios were taken into account. These scenarios were different in terms of temporal segment size, type of activity, wearable device, subjects, and deep learning architecture. The first scenario used a data set in which a single participant performed a limited number of activities while wearing the Empatica E4 wristband. In the second scenario, a data set related to the activities of daily living was used where 10 different participants wore inertial measurement units while performing a more complex set of activities. The precision metric obtained from leave-one-subject-out cross-validation for the second scenario reached 0.803. The impact of missing data on performance degradation was also evaluated.

CONCLUSIONS

To conclude, the proposed fusion technique provides the possibility of embedding joint variability information over different modalities in just a single 2D representation which results in obtaining a more global view of different aspects of daily human activities at hand, and yet preserving the desired performance level in activity recognition.
The Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FIHR) Standard: Systematic Literature Review of Implementations, Applications, Challenges and Opportunities (Preprint)
Authors: Ayaz Muhammad , Pasha Muhammad F , Alzahrani Mohammed Y , Budiarto Rahmat , Stiawan Deris
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Information technology has shifted paper-based documentation in the health care sector into a digital form, in which patient information is transferred electronically from one place to another. However, there remain challenges and issues to resolve in this domain owing to the lack of proper standards, the growth of new technologies (mobile devices, tablets, ubiquitous computing), and health care providers who are reluctant to share patient information. Therefore, a solid systematic literature review was performed to understand the use of this new technology in the health care sector. To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of comprehensive systematic literature reviews that focus on Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR)-based electronic health records (EHRs). In addition, FHIR is the latest standard, which is in an infancy stage of development. Therefore, this is a hot research topic with great potential for further research in this domain.

OBJECTIVE

The main aim of this study was to explore and perform a systematic review of the literature related to FHIR, including the challenges, implementation, opportunities, and future FHIR applications.

METHODS

In January 2020, we searched articles published from January 2012 to December 2019 via all major digital databases in the field of computer science and health care, including ACM, IEEE Explorer, Springer, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. We identified 8181 scientific articles published in this field, 80 of which met our inclusion criteria for further consideration.

RESULTS

The selected 80 scientific articles were reviewed systematically, and we identified open questions, challenges, implementation models, used resources, beneficiary applications, data migration approaches, and goals of FHIR.

CONCLUSIONS

The literature analysis performed in this systematic review highlights the important role of FHIR in the health care domain in the near future.
Evaluation of a New Personalized Health Dashboard in Preventive Child Health Care: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Weijers Miriam , Feron Frans , van der Zwet Jonne , Bastiaenen Caroline
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

A new dashboard, the 360ºCHILD-profile, was developed to adopt personalized health care within preventive child health care. On this profile, holistic health data are visualized in a single image to provide parents, adolescents, and caregivers direct access to a manageable résumé of a child’s medical record. Theoretical ordering, conforming to “International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth”, guides clinical reasoning toward the biopsychosocial concept of health. It is yet unknown if and how this promising tool functions in practice, and a variety of feasibility questions must be addressed.

OBJECTIVE

This paper describes the design and methods of a feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT), with the aim of evaluating the RCT’s feasibility (recruitment, response, measure completion, and intervention allocation) and 360ºCHILD-profile’s feasibility (usability and potential effectiveness).

METHODS

A pragmatic mixed methods study design was chosen, starting with an RCT to measure feasibility and health literacy in 2 parallel groups (1:1). Qualitative research will then be used to understand and explain quantitative findings and to explore the stakeholders' perspectives on the potential of the 360ºCHILD-profile. Participants will include child health care professionals (n≥30), parents (n≥30), and caregivers (n≥10) of children who experience developmental problems (age 0-16 years). Children will only be able to participate if they are older than 11 years (adolescents, n≥10). The 2 groups included in the study will receive standard care. The experimental group will additionally receive personalized 360ºCHILD-profiles.

RESULTS

After an intervention period of 6 months, quantitative outcomes will be measured, analyzed (descriptive feasibility statistics and preliminary between-group differences) and used to purposively sample for semistructured interviews.

CONCLUSIONS

Study results will provide knowledge for building theory on the 360ºCHILD-profile and designing future (effect) studies.

CLINICALTRIAL

Netherlands Trial Register NTR6909; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6731

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/21942
Using Momentary Assessment and Machine Learning to Identify Barriers to Self-management in Type 1 Diabetes: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Peng , Fonnesbeck Christopher , Schmidt Douglas C , White Jules , Kleinberg Samantha , Mulvaney Shelagh A
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

For adolescents living with type 1 diabetes (T1D), completion of multiple daily self-management tasks, such as monitoring blood glucose and administering insulin, can be challenging because of psychosocial and contextual barriers. These barriers are hard to assess accurately and specifically by using traditional retrospective recall. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) uses mobile technologies to assess the contexts, subjective experiences, and psychosocial processes that surround self-management decision-making in daily life. However, the rich data generated via EMA have not been frequently examined in T1D or integrated with machine learning analytic approaches.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study is to develop a machine learning algorithm to predict the risk of missed self-management in young adults with T1D. To achieve this goal, we train and compare a number of machine learning models through a learned filtering architecture to explore the extent to which EMA data were associated with the completion of two self-management behaviors: mealtime self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and insulin administration.

METHODS

We analyzed data from a randomized controlled pilot study using machine learning–based filtering architecture to investigate whether novel information related to contextual, psychosocial, and time-related factors (ie, time of day) relate to self-management. We combined EMA-collected contextual and insulin variables via the MyDay mobile app with Bluetooth blood glucose data to construct machine learning classifiers that predicted the 2 self-management behaviors of interest.

RESULTS

With 1231 day-level SMBG frequency counts for 45 participants, demographic variables and time-related variables were able to predict whether daily SMBG was below the clinical threshold of 4 times a day. Using the 1869 data points derived from app-based EMA data of 31 participants, our learned filtering architecture method was able to infer nonadherence events with high accuracy and precision. Although the recall score is low, there is high confidence that the nonadherence events identified by the model are truly nonadherent.

CONCLUSIONS

Combining EMA data with machine learning methods showed promise in the relationship with risk for nonadherence. The next steps include collecting larger data sets that would more effectively power a classifier that can be deployed to infer individual behavior. Improvements in individual self-management insights, behavioral risk predictions, enhanced clinical decision-making, and just-in-time patient support in diabetes could result from this type of approach.
A CRISE DA PRISÃO EM TRÊS CENTÚRIAS – UM ESTUDO À LUZ DO GÊNESIS DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS
THE PRISON CRISIS IN THREE CENTURIES - A STUDY IN THE VIEW OF HUMAN RIGHTS’ GENESIS
Authors: Brandão Cláudio
Published: July 2020

A prisão é hoje a forma primária de resposta penal, mas ela somente foi engendrada a partir das revoluções setecentistas que formularam a instituição "Estado". Os impactos de dois séculos posteriores desvelaram uma aporia na prisão. Para o enfrentamento dessa crise é indispensável o recurso aos Direitos Humanos.
VINCULAÇÃO EXTENSIVA PARA A EFETIVAÇÃO (INTER)NACIONALIZADA DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS FRENTE AS RESPONSABILIDADES ESTATAIS E SUAS POSSIBILIDADES TÍPICAS
EXTENSIVE BINDING FOR (INTER) NATIONALIZED EFFECTIVENESS OF HUMAN RIGHTS TOWARDS THE STATES RESPONSIBILITIES AND TYPICALS POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Ichikawa Claro , Amaral Ana Claudia Corrêa Zuin Mattos do
Published: July 2020

Trata de reflexões acerca do inevitável confrontamento que paira entre o imperativo enquadro universal das condutas e posições dos Estados enquanto, não obstante sua soberania, compõem uma ordem internacional pautada sobre a integral tutela e fomento dos direitos essenciais à dignificação humana, frente às efetivas possibilidades fáticas e estruturais das referentes formações estatais que, pragmaticamente, acabam por injungir limites aos reclamos invocadores da atuação estatal e por delimitar, inclusive, as responsabilidades que possam advir de eventuais omissões ou excessos. Mais especificamente, o objetivo do estudo se pautou sobre os vínculos e relações que contingentemente atinem a determinadas restrições incidentes sobre o trato de certos direitos e garantias fundamentais, bem como sobre a efetivação destes em prol dos sujeitos, nacionais ou não, alocados na sede da circunscrição estatal. Utilizou-se o método dedutivo para análise de pensamentos doutrinários, via pesquisa bibliográfica centrada em selecionados livros e periódicos que atinem, sobretudo, aos ramos do Direito constitucional e internacional, especialmente sobre nacionalidade e direitos humanos. Infere-se, ao fim, pela possibilidade de instauração de razoáveis distinções e restrições direcionadas à satisfação das demandas sociais e individuais, desde que justificadas pela conjuntura estrutural e condizentes com o dever de salvaguarda da integridade e dignidade humana.
A POLÍTICA AMBIENTAL DO MERCOSUL: UMA ANÁLISE DE SUAS NORMATIVAS AMBIENTAIS NA AGENDA DE AGROTÓXICOS
MERCOSUL'S ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: AN ANALYSIS OF ITS ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL AGENDA
Authors: Guimarães Verônica Maria Bezerra , Pereira Carla do Espírito Santo
Published: July 2020

A pesquisa analisou as normativas ambientais do Mercosul, principalmente, na agenda de agrotóxicos através da sua identificação e observação da sua efetividade. Para tal foi feita uma contextualização da questão ambiental no cenário da política internacional, caracterizando a evolução da preocupação com o meio ambiente nas conferências internacionais, bem como o surgimento de conceitos como Ecopolítica, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Justiça Ambiental e Direito Ambiental Internacional. A partir disso, se discutiu o processo de formulação e aplicação de políticas ambientais no Mercosul, por meio de uma revisão de suas normativas. O trabalho procurou analisar o interesse da organização internacional a respeito da questão ambiental e o tratamento que a normativa do Mercosul vem dando à temática do meio ambiente nos últimos anos, mais especificamente, no que tange à regulação do uso de agrotóxicos. Sendo assim, traçou um paralelo entre tal temática e os Objetivos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), bem como o que o Mercosul tem feito para se adequar a eles, uma vez que seus Estados Partes consentiram internacionalmente com a sua implementação.
Reseña del libro La différence anthropologique. Essai sur les rapports de la nature et de l’artifice de Frank Tinland (1977)
Authors: Paláu Castaño Luis Alfonso
Published: July 2020

«Lo que comanda toda la obra de Frank Tinland es la cuestión, en forma de alternativa, de la consistencia o del carácter ilusorio de la diferencia antropológica. Producido por los procesos que presiden las morfogénesis naturales, procesos que conducen a este conjunto organizado de entes que llamamos naturaleza, y cuyo equilibrio reposa finalmente sobre la estabilización de los intercambios entre esos entes, el hombre parece romper con la necesidad de este equilibrio repetitivo. Produce otra cosa distinta de lo que engendra la vida; ya sea un mundo de artificios —técnicas, instituciones, símbolos— infinitamente diversos, que poseen un ritmo, una normatividad, y una sistematicidad propias: el ritmo de la historia; la normatividad de una regla que se impone del exterior a los procesos biológicos, mientras que estos son normalmente regulados por vía genética. Al analizar de más cerca esta nueva normatividad, uno se apercibe que ella funciona a partir de sistemas simbólicos, instauradores de una sistematicidad en discontinuidad radical con el tipo de sistematicidad natural que organiza el mundo según esferas de función bien compartimentadas. “La aparición de sistemas simbólicos [...] marca el advenimiento de un tipo de información [...] cuya autonomía con respecto a los modos naturales de la donación y replicación de forma es sin duda más importante que la común sujeción a los principios generales según los cuales se opera toda transmisión de mensaje. Así se engendra [...] un nuevo modo de lo que es” (Tinland, 1977, p. 288).»
Los cuerpos enseñantes en el aula de filosofía
Authors: Tourn Travers Janett
Published: July 2020

Lo que sigue corresponde a los principales resultados de la investigación realizada desde un abordaje etnográfico a cinco estudiantes de profesorado de Filosofía* del Instituto de Profesores Artigas (IPA) de la ciudad de Montevideo, Uruguay. Se enmarca en el campo de la didáctica de la filosofía, en la que se articulan dos campos de saberes: los estudios sobre el cuerpo (fundamentalmente desde la filosofía y la antropología del cuerpo) y las producciones en torno a la enseñanza de la filosofía. El trabajo de campo fue realizado entre los años 2013 y 2014, el procesamiento de la información se realizó fundamentalmente durante el año 2015 y fue defendida en el año 2016. La investigación se desarrolla como estudio de caso, desde un abordaje cualitativo, de corte interpretativista y etnográfico. La relevancia de la misma está dada a partir de la necesidad de incorporar el ámbito corporal al campo de la formación docente y específicamente a la formación de docentes de filosofía. El ámbito corporal se entiende como un aspecto constituyente de la subjetividad y, por ende, de la forma de existir y presentarse de los sujetos en el mundo.

La finalidad de la investigación, si bien se enmarca como estudio exploratorio por no contar con antecedentes directos sobre el campo a indagar, refiere a la necesidad de integrar el trabajo del sujeto docente consigo mismo, con su propia corporeidad, en tanto cuerpos afectantes y afectados en el marco del aula filosófica. 

* Esta formación refiere a formación de grado cuyo título es profesor de Enseñanza Media con especialidad en Filosofía, expedido por el Consejo de Formación en Educación de la Administración Nacional de Educación Pública de Uruguay. La formación refiere a formar docentes destinados a trabajar fundamentalmente en la enseñanza media, lo que tradicionalmente en Uruguay se designan como liceos.