bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Stress and Deformation of Surrounding Rock and Support Structure of Super Large Section Tunnels Based on Different Excavation Methods
Authors: Sun Yang , Xu Song , Xu Changjie , Huang Wenhong , He Jianguo , Rong Yao , Zheng Fengqu , Ding Linling
Published: August 2024

Due to the complexity of construction sequence and the extended duration required to construct super large section tunnels, the selection of excavation method critically influences the stability of the surrounding rock and support structures. In this work, the Xiaoyuan Tunnel project in Jiangxi Province serves as the research background for employing ABAQUS software to simulate the variations in displacement and stress within the rock and support structures under three different excavation methods. The simulated results are subsequently compared and verified against monitoring data. The findings indicate that the three-benching seven-step method releases more stress (maximum principal stress value reaches 0.621 MPa) from the surrounding rock and support structures than the other methods, resulting in stress concentrations. Therefore, it is of vital significance to complete the initial support in time and seal the tunnel opening quickly. The maximum principal stress values caused by three excavation methods all appear at the arch foot position, highlighting the need for prompt reinforcement of stability support there. Compared to the CRD method and the three-benching seven-step method, the tunnel vault’s settlement value caused by the double-side drift method is reduced by 14% and 19%, respectively. Furthermore, the largest disturbance of the surrounding rock occurs under the CRD method, while the double-side drift method minimizes such disturbances, making it the preferred choice for the construction of super large section tunnels. These insights are invaluable for guiding the selection and optimization of construction methods for such tunnels.
An Efficient Trajectory Planning Method for High-Speed Interception of Invasive Drones
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zong Jian’an , Gao Xianzhong , Hou Zhongxi
Published: August 2024

This article introduces a rapid interception trajectory generation algorithm tailored for the mitigation of malicious drone activities and other high-speed airborne threats. The proposed method facilitates a high degree of flexibility in defining the terminal state parameters, including position, velocity, and acceleration, as well as the anticipated duration of drone maneuvers, thereby enabling the fulfillment of a variety of mission objectives. The approach employed in this study linearizes the aerodynamic resistance model and computes an efficient closed-form solution for the optimal trajectory motion primitive by applying Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle. Concurrently, it minimizes the cost function associated with the aggression of control inputs. The motion primitive is defined by the combination of the initial and terminal states of the drone, as well as the expected movement time. An efficient input feasibility verification method has been designed for the optimal trajectory. This algorithm can serve as a low-level trajectory generator for advanced task planning methods. After compilation, it can evaluate and compare thousands of motion primitives per second on a personal portable computer, thereby achieving certain advanced goals. The reliability of the algorithm is verified by setting up a multi-objective approach task in a physical simulation environment.
The EU Directive on Electromagnetic Fields—Practical Experience of Field Measurements
Authors: Hansson Mild Kjell
Published: August 2024

The EU directive on exposure to electromagnetic fields was published in 2004, but due to some problems it was not introduced in the EU countries before 2016. However, still today, many companies are not aware of the legislation and have not taken measures to comply. This could perhaps be due to some of the practical problems they are facing in trying to comply. Here, we address some of these problems, such as showing compliance with the action levels for non-sinusoidal extremely low-frequency magnetic fields, time-averaging for the initial start-up current of handheld machines and time-averaging of radiofrequency fields when measuring plastic welding machines, including the uncertainty in the measurements. Finally, we discuss some of the problem concerning workers with special needs.
Lung Cancer and Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Drakopanagiotakis Fotios , Krauss Ekaterina , Michailidou Ira , Drosos Vasileios , Anevlavis Stavros , Günther Andreas , Steiropoulos Paschalis
Published: August 2024

Lung cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. There is evidence of a complex interplay between lung cancer and interstitial lung disease (ILD), affecting disease progression, management strategies, and patient outcomes. Both conditions develop as the result of common risk factors such as smoking, environmental exposures, and genetic predispositions. The presence of ILD poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in lung cancer management, including difficulties in interpreting radiological findings and increased susceptibility to treatment-related toxicities, such as acute exacerbation of ILD after surgery and pneumonitis after radiation therapy and immunotherapy. Moreover, due to the lack of large, phase III randomized controlled trials, the evidence-based therapeutic options for patients with ILDs and lung cancer remain limited. Antifibrotic treatment may help prevent pulmonary toxicity due to lung cancer treatment, but its effect is still unclear. Emerging diagnostic modalities and biomarkers and optimizing personalized treatment strategies are essential to improve outcomes in this patient population.
The Effect of Blade Angle Distribution on the Flow Field of a Centrifugal Impeller in Liquid-Gas Flow
Authors: Mentzos Michalis , Kassanos Ioannis , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Filios Andronikos
Published: August 2024

Operating centrifugal pumps under two-phase flow conditions presents challenges such as phase separation, cavitation, and flow instabilities, compromising reliability and performance. A specialized design is crucial to mitigate these issues. This study utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) to understand two-phase flow behavior and assess the impact of different blade geometries on pump performance under such conditions. For this purpose, the inhomogeneous multiphase model was employed, wherein the momentum and continuity flow equations were individually solved for each phase across three different impellers with varying blade angle distributions. The computational results indicated higher gas concentrations on the pressure side of the blade, with gas pocket size correlating with flow rate and inlet gas concentration. The blade angle distribution’s effect was more pronounced with increased gas concentrations, while a tendency of gas bubbles to coalesce towards the impeller shroud was also observed. The presence of gas promoted flow recirculation and separation, substantially reducing impeller performance. Blade angle distribution critically influenced the flow field, affecting flow separation, stability, efficiency, and overall performance, highlighting the importance of optimized blade design for enhanced centrifugal pump performance in liquid–gas two-phase flow conditions.
A Non-Transferable Trade Scheme of Green Power Based on Blockchain
Authors: Li Yang , Jiang Mengying , Yu Mei , Xu Shouzhi , Liu Xiaojun , Zhang Shirui , Zhu Jia , Peng Shurui , Gu Zhongming
Published: August 2024

Power consumers can obtain authoritative green environmental value certification through green electricity trading, which plays an important role in improving the production competitiveness of enterprises, especially for international product trade affairs. However, the credibility of green electricity transactions faces serious challenges in the enterprise green authentication affairs, especially the user’s identity authentication, the traceability of green electricity transactions, and the standardization of green electricity transactions. Aiming to solve the certification and traceability problem of tradable green certificates, this paper proposes an integrated green certificate trading protocol, which solves its double-trading problem and helps to improve the credibility of renewable energy use. The main contribution is providing a solution based on the consortium blockchain technology to solve the main challenges mentioned above. The main solved scheme designs a series of protocols, which includes a purchase protocol, payment protocol, and non-transferable protocol. The whole process ensures the credibility, traceability, and non-transferability of green certificate trading. Multiple verification measures are adopted to address security and privacy challenges in green certificate management. Through security analysis, the protocol effectively defends against attacks such as double payments, transaction rollback, and transaction replays while ensuring users’ privacy.
Experimental Erosion Flow Pattern Study of Pelton Runner Buckets Using a Non-Recirculating Test Rig
Authors: Mirza Umar Baig , Wang Zhengwei , Chitrakar Sailesh , Thapa Bhola , Huang Xingxing , Poudel Ravi , Karna Aaditya
Published: August 2024

Sediment erosion of hydraulic turbines is a significant challenge in hydropower plants in mountainous regions like the European Alps, the Andes, and the Himalayan region. The erosive wear of Pelton runner buckets is influenced by a variety of factors, including the size, hardness, and concentration of silt particles; the velocity of the flow and impingement angle of the jet; the properties of the base material; and the operating hours of the turbine. This research aims to identify the locations most susceptible to erosion and to elucidate the mechanisms of erosion propagation in two distinct designs of Pelton runner buckets. The Pelton runner buckets were subjected to static condition tests with particle sizes of 500 microns and a concentration of 14,000 mg/L. The buckets were coated with four layers of paint, sequentially applied in red, yellow, green, and blue. The two Pelton buckets, D1 and D2, were evaluated for their erosion resistance properties. D2 demonstrated superior erosion resistance, attributed to its geometrical features and material composition, lower erosion rates, less material loss, and improved surface integrity compared with D1. This difference is primarily attributed to factors such as the splitter’s thickness, the jet’s impact angle, the velocity at which particles strike, and the concentration of sand. D2 exhibits a great performance in terms of erosion resistance among the two designs. This study reveals that the angle of jet impingement influences erosion progression and material loss, which is important to consider during a Pelton turbine’s design and operating conditions.
Investigation of the Performance and Use of a Solar Cell Integrated with a Reverse-Osmosis Water-Desalination System
Authors: Alshareef Rayed S. , Almohammadi Bandar Awadh , Refaey Hassanein A. , Farhan Mohammed , Sharafeldin Mahmoud A.
Published: August 2024

One of the most affordable and readily available energy sources is solar energy. Humanity is in danger due to the lack of freshwater. Finding novel approaches to these issues that make use of solar energy has grown in popularity as a research area. The previous work presented was made to cool solar cells to increase their performance. The reverse-osmosis system is then fed by the cooling water. This study investigated the ideal conditions for cooling water fed into a reverse-osmosis system. Two identical solar cells were used for the current experiments. Water was used to cool one of the two cells. Measurements were made of the cell surface temperature, output voltage, current, and power. It was calculated to find the electrical efficiency of both cooled and uncooled cells. The cooled cell produced a maximum power of 6.75 W, according to the results. At 1:00 p.m., the gain power reached its maximum. The greatest efficiency gain, 50.2%, was observed at 4:00 p.m. Throughout the work that was presented, there was an 8% decrease in cell surface temperature. The water application value engine (WAVE) was used to simulate a reverse-osmosis system. The program’s findings demonstrated that energy consumption dropped as feed water temperature rose. The findings of a case study conducted in a real water-desalination plant were confirmed.
Investigating the Potential of Grass Biomass (Thysanolaena latifolia) as an Alternative Feedstock for Sugar Platforms and Bioethanol Production
Authors: Wongleang Suwanan , Premjet Duangporn , Premjet Siripong
Published: August 2024

Bioethanol, a lignocellulosic biofuel, has increased energy sustainability and lessened the environmental effects associated with energy production. Thysanolaena latifolia is a common weed found in the northern part of Thailand that is considered non-food biomass, with a high biomass productivity of approximately 10.2 kg/year. Here, we evaluated the potential of T. latifolia biomass as an environmentally friendly material source for producing alternative bioethanol. To this end, we treated the feedstock under mild conditions using various concentrations of phosphoric acid to create ideal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment with 75% phosphoric acid yielded the highest solid recovery (55.8 ± 0.6%) and glucans (93.0 ± 0.3%). Additionally, the hydrolysis efficiency and glucose yield of treated biomass were significantly improved. As a result, the liquid hydrolysate from T. latifolia used for ethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5339 generated 8.9 ± 0.0 g/L ethanol. These findings demonstrate that glucose derived from liquid hydrolysate is a promising sustainable carbon source for producing ethanol from T. latifolia feedstock. Thus, using T. latifolia as a feedstock for generating ethanol can improve the efficiency of bioenergy production.
Stoichiometric Coupling of C, N, P, and K in the Litter and Soil of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Woodlands across Rocky Desertification Grades and Seasons
Authors: Li Mingjun , Du Mingfeng , Chen Huajiang , Shi Yan , Yao Dan , Shi Qiusi
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the inherent links between elemental cycling in Rosa roxburghii Tratt litter and soil, as well as their coupled relationships, within barren soil environments typical of karst rocky desertification regions in Guizhou Province. Ecological stoichiometric methods were used to systematically analyze the nutrient concentrations of C, N, P, and K and their stoichiometry in the litter and soil of Rosa roxburghii, with a focus on the impacts of seasonal variations and rocky desertification regions. High C and K levels and low N and P levels are observed in the litter, whereas the soil has lower concentrations of C, N, P, and K, with nutrient replenishment priorities of N > P > K > C. Strong positive correlations are found among the C/N, C/P, and N/K stoichiometric ratios in both the litter and the soil. Furthermore, nutrient concentrations and stoichiometric ratios vary significantly by season. Seasonal variations influence nutrient concentrations, with notable increases in litter P and K levels and in soil N and P levels in September compared with March. Seasonal variations influence the stoichiometric ratios of C/N, C/P, and N/K in litter and soil, contributing to elemental balance and ecosystem stability. Moreover, significant variations in nutrient contents and stoichiometric ratios are observed across distinct rocky desertification grades. Nonrocky desertified areas present elevated P and K contents in litter, whereas light desertified areas present increased C and N concentrations. Moderately desertified areas presented increased soil P and K concentrations, whereas severely desertified areas presented the highest N levels. These discernible trends in nutrient profiles highlight the synergistic impacts of soil nutrient inadequacy and plant utilization strategies. These findings contribute to a better understanding of element cycling mechanisms in Rosa roxburghii woodland ecosystems, offering valuable information for sustainable forest management practices.
The Expansion of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) Forests into Diverse Types of Forests in China from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Li Dali , Wei Juan , Wu Jiangzhou , Zhong Yongde , Chen Zhao , He Jianghua , Zhang Shuangquan , Yu Lushan
Published: August 2024

Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forests, characterized by their rapid growth and clonal reproduction, have emerged as a significant threat to adjacent forest ecosystems. However, in China, the area, speed, and spatial distribution of moso bamboo forest expansion into other types of forests remains poorly understood. In this study, we present a case analysis of moso bamboo forests, employing a decade-long dataset from the forest second type inventory (FSTI) that utilizes transition matrices, neighboring ratio analysis, and spatio-temporal autocorrelation. This comprehensive investigation focuses on the spatio-temporal expansion of moso bamboo forests into diverse types of forests, with the aim of providing science-based recommendations for effective moso bamboo forest management. Our findings reveal that areas of moso bamboo forests have been expanding at an approximate annual rate of 2%, with an average expansion speed (including moso bamboo forests manually planted) of approximately 8 m per year. The length of moso bamboo–woodland ecotones (BWEs) increases as a consequence of moso bamboo forest expansion, indicating a sustained escalation in the extent of this expansion. Coniferous forests and evergreen broad-leaved forests are mainly invaded, accounting for around 58% of all invaded forests. The rate of moso bamboo forest expansion into different types of forests varies, although the rate remains fairly consistent within the same forest type. Moso bamboo forest expansion exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity. Furthermore, the area of moso bamboo forest intrusion into various types of forests in different provinces is notably influenced by the presence of moso bamboo forests and the proportional distribution of different forest types. The factors contributing to bamboo forest expansion encompass stand characteristics, soil attributes, light intensity, moso bamboo afforestation, forestry practices, and human disturbances.
Critical Race Theory: A Multicultural Disrupter
Authors: Reece Rai
Published: August 2024

The field of sociology has largely ignored critical race theory (CRT) as a relevant theoretical and pedagogical framework for the study of white supremacy and Indigenous and Black race relations in Canada. In the United States, CRT has long been a theoretical framework tethered to and contextualizing the underpinnings of systemic racism and white supremacy as the cornerstone of structural oppression in American legal society. The initial focus of this work was to study the operationalization of the myriad ways in which race and racial power were constructed and represented in American law and society and the attendant ways in which Black civil rights under American law could never be achieved through the application of legal jurisprudence. CRT’s theoretical milieu has expanded beyond legal research to examine the sphere of racist structural oppression as systemically embedded in immigration, housing, education, employment, healthcare, and child welfare systems. The writing of this article has been an intentional active disruption to the claims that multiculturalism has the answers to race relations in an ever-changing Canadian society. While there are six main tenets of CRT, this article specifically focuses on three core tenets of CRT which argue that (1) racism is an ever-present dynamic of life in Canada; (2) racial subordination remains endemically tied to the political, cultural, and social milieu of white supremacy impacting the lives of Indigenous and Black peoples in Canada; and (3) racism has contributed to all historical and contemporary manifestations of structural oppression related to land theft and anti-Black racism. As such, CRT has much to contribute to race-radical research, pedagogy, and praxis when it comes to understanding race relations in a Canadian society grappling with an ever-changing multicultural narrative.
A Whole-Transcriptomic Analysis of Canine Oral Melanoma: A Chance to Disclose the Radiotherapy Effect and Outcome-Associated Gene Signature
Authors: Mucignat Greta , Montanucci Ludovica , Elgendy Ramy , Giantin Mery , Laganga Paola , Pauletto Marianna , Mutinelli Franco , Vascellari Marta , Leone Vito , Dacasto Mauro , Granato Anna
Published: August 2024

Oral melanoma (OM) is the most common malignant oral tumour among dogs and shares similarities with human mucosal melanoma (HMM), validating the role of canine species as an immunocompetent model for cancer research. In both humans and dogs, the prognosis is poor and radiotherapy (RT) represents a cornerstone in the management of this tumour, either as an adjuvant or a palliative treatment. In this study, by means of RNA-seq, the effect of RT weekly fractionated in 9 Gray (Gy), up to a total dose of 36 Gy (4 weeks), was evaluated in eight dogs affected by OM. Furthermore, possible transcriptomic differences in blood and biopsies that might be associated with a longer overall survival (OS) were investigated. The immune response, glycosylation, cell adhesion, and cell cycle were the most affected pathways by RT, while tumour microenvironment (TME) composition and canonical and non-canonical WNT pathways appeared to be modulated in association with OS. Taking these results as a whole, this study improved our understanding of the local and systemic effect of RT, reinforcing the pivotal role of anti-tumour immunity in the control of canine oral melanoma (COM).
Pesticide Exposure in the Cultivation of Carica papaya L. and Capsicum annuum L. in Rural Areas of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Bernardino-Hernández Héctor Ulises , Gallardo-García Yael , Vargas-Valencia Gerardo , Zapién-Martínez Arturo , Sánchez-Cruz Gabriel , Reyes-Velasco Leobardo , Cueva-Villanueva José Ángel , Hernández-García Ericel , Vargas-Arzola Jaime , Torres-Aguilar Honorio
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on describing the diversity of pesticides, the knowledge and behaviors of their use, and the acute poisoning symptoms (APS) derived from their exposure from two agricultural production systems (papaya—Carica papaya L.- and chili—Capsicum annuum L.-) in Oaxaca, Mexico. Through surveys, sociodemographic information, characteristics of the production system, knowledge and behaviors in the handling of pesticides, and APS perceived by users were captured. Papaya producers are younger, have fewer years of activity, and have larger agricultural areas than chili producers. Insect attacks and diseases are an essential factor for the application of pesticides. Thirty-one active ingredients (Ais) were identified in papaya and thirty-seven in chili, predominantly insecticides and fungicides of toxicological category IV. Approximately 50% of users apply mixtures of different Ais, have little knowledge and inappropriate behavior in their handling, and report up to five acute pesticide poisoning symptoms, mainly burning and irritation of the skin, burning eyes, itchy skin, runny nose, headache, and watery eyes. The production of papaya and chili are relevant activities for generating economic income, but they risk the producer’s and their family’s health. Both systems are a potential scenario for the manifestation of diseases due to exposure to pesticides in the medium and long term.
Identifying Potential National Park Locations Based on Landscape Aesthetic Quality in the Hengduan Mountains, China
Authors: Duan Shuaifei , Yang Zhaoping , Han Fang
Published: August 2024

Landscape aesthetic quality (LAQ) evaluation is vital in territorial spatial planning. It helps to achieve the rational development and protection of territorial space and ensures the harmonious coexistence of developments and the ecological environment. Based on mapping and quantification, this paper took LAQ evaluation as the object, established a methodological framework for large-scale natural LAQ evaluation, excavated and identified key areas with outstanding landscape aesthetics service supply capabilities, and supported regional landscape planning and protection management. This paper took the Hengduan Mountains in China as an example to evaluate and identify the spatial distribution of the LAQ in mountainous areas. The results showed that the high-value LAQ areas are located east and south of the Hengduan Mountains, where high-quality natural landscapes are concentrated and have significant potential for establishing national parks. The evaluation results of the LAQ can provide a good reference for the spatial identification of future national parks in the Hengduan Mountains. Moreover, our research can provide a scientific basis for large-scale landscape spatial planning and decision-making for the classified protection and rational utilization of landscape resources and other mountain ecosystems.
Hydrostatic Pressure as a Tool for the Study of Semiconductor Properties—An Example of III–V Nitrides
Authors: Gorczyca Iza , Suski Tadek , Perlin Piotr , Grzegory Izabella , Kaminska Agata , Staszczak Grzegorz
Published: August 2024

Using the example of III–V nitrides crystallizing in a wurtzite structure (GaN, AlN, and InN), this review presents the special role of hydrostatic pressure in studying semiconductor properties. Starting with a brief description of high-pressure techniques for growing bulk crystals of nitride compounds, we focus on the use of hydrostatic pressure techniques in both experimental and theoretical investigations of the special properties of nitride compounds, their alloys, and quantum structures. The bandgap pressure coefficient is one of the most important parameters in semiconductor physics. Trends in its behavior in nitride structures, together with trends in pressure-induced phase transitions, are discussed in the context of the behavior of other typical semiconductors. Using InN as an example, the pressure-dependent effects typical of very narrow bandgap materials, such as conduction band filling or effective mass behavior, are described. Interesting aspects of bandgap bowing in In-containing nitride alloys, including pressure and clustering effects, are discussed. Hydrostatic pressure also plays an important role in the study of native defects and impurities, as illustrated by the example of nitride compounds and their quantum structures. Experiments and theoretical studies on this topic are reviewed. Special attention is given to hydrostatic pressure and strain effects in short periods of nitride superlattices. The explanation of the discrepancies between theory and experiment in optical emission and its pressure dependence from InN/GaN superlattices led to the well-documented conclusion that InN growth on the GaN substrate is not possible. The built-in electric field present in InGaN/GaN and AlGaN/GaN heterostructures crystallizing in a wurtzite lattice can reach several MV/cm, leading to drastic changes in the physical properties of these structures and related devices. It is shown how hydrostatic pressure modifies these effects and helps to understand their origin.
Development of Low-Pressure Die-Cast Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloy Propellers Part II: Simulations for Process Optimization
Authors: Kim Min-Seok , Won Soonho
Published: August 2024

With the increasing demand for high-performance leisure boat propellers, this study explores the development of high-strength aluminum alloy propellers using the low-pressure die-casting (LPDC) process. In Part I of the study, we identified the optimal alloy compositions for Al-6Zn-2Mg-1.5Cu propellers and highlighted the challenges of hot tearing at the junction between the hub and blades. In this continuation, we developed a coupled thermal fluid stress analysis model using ProCAST software to optimize the LPDC process. By adjusting casting parameters such as the melt supply temperature, initial mold temperature, and curvature radius between the hub and blades, we minimized hot tearing and other casting defects. The results were validated through simulations and practical applications, showing significant improvements in the quality and structural integrity of the propellers. Non-destructive testing using X-ray CT confirmed the reduction in internal defects, demonstrating the effectiveness of the simulation-based approach for alloy design and process optimization.
Factors Associated with the Practice of Low-Carb and Low-Fat Diets among Participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: Azevedo Leticia Batista de , Martins Haysla Xavier , Luft Vivian Cristine , da Fonseca Maria de Jesus Mendes , Enriquez-Martinez Oscar Geovanny , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi
Published: August 2024

In the field of nutrition, both low-carbohydrate (LCD) and low-fat (LFD) diets were initially intended for specific subgroups but are now being embraced by the broader population for various purposes, including aesthetics and overall health. This study aims to assess sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors influencing diet choices among public servants in the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Diets were classified as LCD or LFD based on the Brazilian Diabetes Society (<45%) and WHO guidelines (<30%) respectively. A total of 11,294 participants were evaluated (45.3% men; 54.7% women) with a mean age of 52 ± 0.08 years. Having overweight, altered waist circumference, and a history of smoking confers higher chances of adopting an LCD compared to the usual diet, while being over 52 years, non-White race/skin color, in a lower income stratum, and having diagnosis of hypertension and/or diagnosis of diabetes mellitus decrease these chances. Regarding LFDs, belonging to the non-White race/skin color, being over 52 years old, being divorced, and practicing low physical activity decrease the chances of following such a diet compared to the usual diet. In conclusion, factors like age, socioeconomic status, health, and physical activity levels can be the key to understanding why individuals choose restrictive diets beyond clinical advice.
Correction: Kindlovits et al. Eight Weeks of Intermittent Exercise in Hypoxia, with or without a Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Improves Bone Mass and Functional and Physiological Capacity in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1624
Authors: Kindlovits Raquel , Sousa Ana Catarina , Viana João Luís , Milheiro Jaime , Oliveira Bruno M. P. M. , Marques Franklim , Santos Alejandro , Teixeira Vitor Hugo
Published: August 2024

In the original publication [...]
Experimental Models in Unraveling the Biological Mechanisms of Mushroom-Derived Bioactives against Aging- and Lifestyle-Related Diseases: A Review
Authors: Sharika Rajasekharan , Mongkolpobsin Kuljira , Rangsinth Panthakarn , Prasanth Mani Iyer , Nilkhet Sunita , Pradniwat Paweena , Tencomnao Tewin , Chuchawankul Siriporn
Published: August 2024

Mushrooms have garnered considerable interest among researchers due to their immense nutritional and therapeutic properties. The presence of biologically active primary and secondary metabolites, which includes several micronutrients, including vitamins, essential minerals, and other dietary fibers, makes them an excellent functional food. Moreover, the dietary inclusion of mushrooms has been reported to reduce the incidence of aging- and lifestyle-related diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and stroke, as well as to provide overall health benefits by promoting immunomodulation, antioxidant activity, and enhancement of gut microbial flora. The multifunctional activities of several mushroom extracts have been evaluated by both in vitro and in vivo studies using cell lines along with invertebrate and vertebrate model systems to address human diseases and disorders at functional and molecular levels. Although each model has its own strengths as well as lacunas, various studies have generated a plethora of data regarding the regulating players that are modulated in order to provide various protective activities; hence, this review intends to compile and provide an overview of the plausible mechanism of action of mushroom-derived bioactives, which will be helpful in future medicinal explorations.
Effects of Mung Bean Water Supplementation on Modulating Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in a Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Huang Chung-Hsiung , Chen Jia-Yin , Chiang Meng-Tsan
Published: August 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often associated with chronic inflammation exacerbated by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Mung beans have a longstanding reputation in traditional medicine for their purported ability to lower blood glucose levels, prompting interest in their pharmacological properties. This study aimed to explore the impact of mung bean water (MBW) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a T2DM rat model induced by nicotinamide/streptozotocin. Normal and DM rats were supplemented with a stock solution of MBW as drinking water ad libitum daily for 8 weeks. MBW supplementation led to significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol, HDL-C, and VLDL-C + LDL-C levels, and decreased malondialdehyde levels in plasma and liver samples, indicating reduced oxidative stress. MBW supplementation lowered plasma glucose levels and upregulated hepatic hexokinase activity, suggesting enhanced glucose utilization. Additionally, MBW decreased hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase activities, while hepatic levels of glutathione and glutathione disulfide remained unchanged. These findings underscore the potential of MBW to improve plasma glucose and lipid metabolism in DM rats, likely mediated by antioxidant effects and the modulation of hepatic enzyme activities. Further exploration of bioactive components of MBW and its mechanisms could unveil new therapeutic avenues for managing diabetes and its metabolic complications.
Athlete Body Image and Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review of Their Association and Influencing Factors
Authors: Li Qingqing , Li Hansen , Zhang Guodong , Cao Yang , Li Yun
Published: August 2024

Body image and eating disorders pose significant challenges to the overall health of athletes. However, divergent findings exist regarding the potential association between athletes’ body image and eating disorders. This systematic review aims to examine the relationship between these two variables and identify the modifiers of the association, such as gender, age, race, and exercise type. A search was conducted in five databases (Web of Science, PubMed, APA PsycINFO, ProQuest, and EBSCO), aiming to identify studies on athletes and involved body image and eating disorders in their conclusions. Ultimately, thirty-one studies were included for systematic evaluation. The results of the studies indicate that the relationship between athletes’ body image and eating disorders is complex and inconclusive. In some types of sports, eating disorders can occur even when athletes are satisfied with their body image. Furthermore, female athletes, particularly young female athletes, and athletes involved in sports associated with leanness are more prone to eating disorders and body dissatisfaction. Due to limited resources in this type of research, there is a lack of comprehensive inclusivity across sports disciplines, genders, races, and levels of sports proficiency, which warrants further research.
Vigeo Promotes Myotube Differentiation and Protects Dexamethasone-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via Regulating the Protein Degradation, AKT/mTOR, and AMPK/Sirt-1/PGC1α Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Cheon Yoon-Hee , Lee Chang-Hoon , Chung Chong-Hyuk , Kim Ju-Young , Lee Myeung-Su
Published: August 2024

Sarcopenia, a condition caused by an imbalance between muscle growth and loss, can severely affect the quality of life of elderly patients with metabolic, inflammatory, and cancer diseases. Vigeo, a nuruk-fermented extract of three plants (Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim (ESM), Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai (AJN), and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi (AJK)) has been reported to have anti-osteoporotic effects. However, evidence of the effects of Vigeo on muscle atrophy is not available. Here, in the in vivo model of dexamethasone (Dex)-induced muscle atrophy, Vigeo treatment significantly reversed Dex-induced decreases in calf muscle volume, gastrocnemius (GA) muscle weight, and histological cross-section area. In addition, in mRNA and protein analyses isolated from GA muscle, we observed that Vigeo significantly protected against Dex-induced mouse muscle atrophy by inhibiting protein degradation regulated by atrogin and MuRF-1. Moreover, we demonstrated that Vigeo significantly promoted C2C12 cell line differentiation, as evidenced by the increased width and length of myotubes, and the increased number of fused myotubes with three or more nuclei. Vigeo alleviated the formation of myotubes compared to the control group. Vigeo also significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), MyoD, and myogenin compared to that in the control. Vigeo treatment significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of muscle degradation markers atrogin-1 and muscle RING Finger 1 (MuRF-1) in the C2C12 cell line in vitro. Vigeo also activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent information regulator 1 (Sirt-1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α) mitochondrial biogenesis pathway and the Akt/mTOR protein synthesis signaling pathway in Dex-induced myotube atrophy. These findings suggest that Vigeo may have protective effects against Dex-induced muscle atrophy. Therefore, we propose Vigeo as a supplement or potential therapeutic agent to prevent or treat sarcopenia accompanied by muscle atrophy and degeneration.
Can Functional Motor Capacity Influence Mortality in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Patients?
Authors: Nogueira-Pérez Ángel , Ruiz-López-Alvarado Paloma , Barril-Cuadrado Guillermina
Published: August 2024

Alterations in the body’s nutritional status or composition may be observed as the kidney disease advances, which could influence the kidney’s functional capacity and, consequently, could increase the risk of mortality. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of functional capacity on mortality assessed by different functional tests in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (ACKD). A prospective observational study was designed, which included 225 patients followed for 8 years in a CKD clinic. The study assessed functional capacity by using a range of tests, which included the Short Physical Performance Battery, the 6 minutes walking gait test, the timed up and go, and the four versions of the sit-to-stand test. Additionally, body composition and nutritional conditions were considered, taking into consideration various biochemical indicators such as albumin, prealbumin, c-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocytes, and transferrin, muscle strength, comorbidity, and frailty. The relationship between functionality and all-cause mortality was investigated using a Cox proportional hazard model. A total of fifty patients died during the duration of the study. Patients who performed worse on the function and muscle strength tests showed a worse body composition and nutritional status, and exhibited a reduced life expectancy. Inflammation (CRP) was associated with an increased risk of mortality (model 1: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.246; 95% confidence interval (95% CI = 1.014–1.531; model 2: HR = 1.333; 95% CI = 1.104–1.610). Good functional capacity as determined by the SPPB test decreased the risk of mortality (model 1: HR = 0.764; 95% CI = 0.683–0.855; model 2 HR = 0.778; 95% CI = 0.695–0.872). Cut-off points of maximum sensitivity and specificity for mortality were obtained with different tests. The study demonstrated that functional capacity influences mortality in patients with ACKD, being higher in those patients with impaired functionality regardless of the test used, although the SPPB allows a larger number of patients to be assessed. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate the assessment of functionality into the comprehensive care of patients with CKD.
Purinergic Receptor Antagonists: A Complementary Treatment for Hypertension
Authors: Bautista-Pérez Rocio , Franco Martha
Published: August 2024

The treatment of hypertension has improved in the last century; attention has been directed to restoring several altered pathophysiological mechanisms. However, regardless of the current treatments, it is difficult to control blood pressure. Uncontrolled hypertension is responsible for several cardiovascular complications, such as chronic renal failure, which is frequently observed in hypertensive patients. Therefore, new approaches that may improve the control of arterial blood pressure should be considered to prevent serious cardiovascular disorders. The contribution of purinergic receptors has been acknowledged in the pathophysiology of hypertension; this review describes the participation of these receptors in the alteration of kidney function in hypertension. Elevated interstitial ATP concentrations are essential for the activation of renal purinergic receptors; this becomes a fundamental pathway that leads to the development and maintenance of hypertension. High ATP levels modify essential mechanisms implicated in the long-term control of blood pressure, such as pressure natriuresis, the autoregulation of the glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, and tubuloglomerular feedback responses. Any alteration in these mechanisms decreases sodium excretion. ATP stimulates the release of vasoactive substances, causes renal function to decline, and induces tubulointerstitial damage. At the same time, a deleterious interaction involving angiotensin II and purinergic receptors leads to the deterioration of renal function.
Lipid-Lowering and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Campomanesia adamantium Leaves in Adipocytes and Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Rocha Paola dos Santos da , Orué Sarah Lam , Ferreira Isamara Carvalho , Espindola Priscilla Pereira de Toledo , Rodrigues Maria Victória Benites , Carvalho José Tarcísio Giffoni de , Baldivia Debora da Silva , Leite Daniel Ferreira , Santos Helder Freitas dos , Oliveira Alex Santos , Campos Jaqueline Ferreira , dos Santos Edson Lucas , de Picoli Souza Kely
Published: August 2024

Obesity is a pandemic disease characterized by lipid accumulation, increased proinflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. It is associated with the development of comorbidities that lead to death. Additionally, drug treatments developed to control obesity are insufficient and have a variety of adverse effects. Thus, the search for new anti-obesity therapies is necessary. Campomanesia adamantium is a species from the Brazilian Cerrado that has the potential to treat obesity, as described by the antihyperlipidemic activity of its roots. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the activity of the aqueous extract of C. adamantium leaves (AECa) on the control of reactive species in vitro, on lipid accumulation in adipocytes and Caenorhabditis elegans, and on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in adipocytes. The antioxidant capacity of AECa was observed by its action in scavenging DPPH• free radical, iron-reducing power, and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching. AECa reduced lipid accumulation in preadipocytes and in C. elegans. Moreover, AECa reduced the production of the proinflammatory cytokines MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 in adipocytes. In summary, the antioxidant activity and the ability of AECa to reduce the accumulation of lipids and proinflammatory cytokines indicate, for the first time, the anti-obesity potential of C. adamantium leaves.
Effect of Cooling Method on Physical and Mechanical Properties of PVA Fiber-Reinforced High-Strength Concrete Exposed to High Temperature
Authors: Wu Jian , Wang Yuxi , Hu Chaoqun , Hu Liangjie , Zhang Lidan , Wang Jianhui , Ding Weigao
Published: August 2024

High-strength concrete (HSC) boasts excellent compressive strength and durability, making it a popular choice in various engineering applications. However, under the impact of high temperatures, HSC tends to crack easily, so it is combined with polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA fiber) to explore its engineering application prospect. This paper investigated the physical and mechanical characteristics of HSC reinforced with PVA fibers subjected to different heating temperatures and cooling techniques. The experimental results reveal a correlation between rising temperatures and observable changes in the specimens: a progressively lighter surface hue, an augmented frequency of cracking, and a considerable escalation in the mass loss rate, particularly after the temperature exceeds 400 °C. Regarding mechanical properties, the dynamic elastic modulus and compressive and flexural strength all decrease as the heating temperature increases. As the amount of PVA fiber rises while maintaining a steady temperature, these measurements initially show an increase followed by a decrease. The fiber contents yielding the best compressive and flexural strength are 0.2% and 0.3%, in that order. Considering the influence of cooling methods, water spray cooling has a greater impact on physical and mechanical properties than natural cooling. Furthermore, SEM was employed to scrutinize the microstructure of HSC, enhancing comprehension of the alterations in its physical and mechanical characteristics. The findings of this research offer significant information regarding the high-temperature behavior of HSC, serving as a valuable resource for guiding the design, building, and upkeep of structures that incorporate HSC. Additionally, this study will aid in advancing the progress and utilization of HSC technology.
Highly Stable Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Natural Rubber Latex Additives
Authors: Boratto Miguel Henrique , Graeff Carlos F. O. , Han Sanggil
Published: August 2024

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have attracted considerable interest in the context of wearable and implantable biosensors due to their remarkable signal amplification combined with seamless integration into biological systems. These properties underlie OECTs’ potential utility across a range of bioelectronic applications. One of the main challenges to their practical applications is the mechanical limitation of PEDOT:PSS, the most typical conductive polymer used as a channel layer, when the OECTs are applied to implantable and stretchable bioelectronics. In this work, we address this critical issue by employing natural rubber latex (NRL) as an additive in PEDOT:PSS to improve flexibility and stretchability of the OECT channels. Although the inclusion of NRL leads to a decrease in transconductance, mainly due to a reduced carrier mobility from 0.3 to 0.1 cm2/V·s, the OECTs maintain satisfactory transconductance, exceeding 5 mS. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the OECTs exhibit excellent mechanical stability while maintaining their performance even after 100 repetitive bending cycles. This work, therefore, suggests that the NRL/PEDOT:PSS composite film can be deployed for wearable/implantable applications, where high mechanical stability is needed. This finding opens up new avenues for practical use of OECTs in more robust and versatile wearable and implantable biosensors.