bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСЛОБОЂЕЊЕ БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ У ПРВОМ СВЕТСКОМ РАТУ 1918.
Authors: Милојевић Момир
Published: December 2019

Последња година ратовања је, као и претходне године,била обележена војним акцијама и предлозима за прекид рата, како за-раћених страна, тако и политичких група и организација. Промењљивостање на ратиштима је утицало на предлоге држава и захтеве невлади-них тела. На крају је одлучио однос снага. Слабљење Антанте изласкомиз рата Русије и Румуније је надокнађено уласком у рат САД. На другојстрани су Централне силе биле ослабљене изласком из рата Бугарске иТурске, тако да су остале Немачка и Аустро-Угарска, из које је убрзо исту-пила Мађарска, па су Аустрија и Немачка биле приморане да затражепримирје. Тиме су отворена врата ослобођењу територија које су билепод влашћу Аустро-Угарске, међу којима је била и Босна и Херцеговина.
ДЈЕЛОТВОРНОСТ ЖАЛБЕ У ПОСЕБНИМ УПРАВНИМ ПОСТУПЦИМА РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ/БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
Authors: Миљић Дражен
Published: December 2019

Закон о општем управном поступку Републике Српске про-писује да се у управним областима за које је законом прописан посебанпоступак поступа по одредбама тог закона али да те одредбе морајубити у сагласности с основним начелима утврђеним Законом о општемуправном поступку. Данас, у позитивном праву Републике Српске постојебројни посебни управни поступци којима се битно одступа од основнихначела утврђених Законом о општем управном поступку. Та одступањасе не могу оправдати специфичностима природе рјешавања у појединимуправним областима и она се значајно рефлектују и на правни положајстранке. У раду се настоји приказати какав је одраз тих одступања направни положај странке кроз анализу дјелотворности жалбе у посебнимуправним поступцима.
ПОЈАМ НОРМАТИВНЕ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИЈЕ
Authors: Шврака Роберт
Published: December 2019

Нормативна глобализација се у овом раду разматра саправно теоријског аспекта имајући у виду суштину коју овај процес сасобом носи. У том циљу биће изнесена опсежна анализа процеса глобали-зације, те процеса нормативне глобализације. Тај процес је, као што ћесе видјети, само један од сегмената глобализацијске идеје. Замисао овограда јесте да читаоцу поближе одреди карактеристике процеса норма-тивне глобализације како би се на прави начин могло разумјети дејствоовог процеса.
ГРАЂАНСКО ПРАВО, КЊИГА 1 - УВОД У ГРАЂАНСКО ПРАВО (прво издање)
Authors: Чубриловић Босиљка
Published: December 2019

Студентима Правног факултета Универзитета у Бањој Луци (а и ши-рој научној јавности) од 2018. године доступно је прво издање уџбеникаГрађанско право, Књига 1 – Увод у грађанско право, аутора проф. др ИлијеБабића и проф. др Раденка Јотановића.Грађанско право, Књига 1 – Увод у грађанско право, аутора проф. дрИлије Бабића и проф. др Раденка Јотановића, структуром и садржајем, несамо да иде у корак са позитивним законодавством Републике Српске иБосне и Херцеговине и заузетим ставовима јудикатуре у овој области права,него је, обимом, као и језгровитим, квалитетним и разумљивим стилом пи-сања, у потпуности прилагођена студентима основних академских студија.
ПРАКСА УСТАВНОГ СУДА РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ
Authors: Ожеговић Љубомир
Published: December 2019

Питање адекватности критеријума на основу којих се одређује статусрепрезентативног синдиката, односно удружења послодаваца, као легитим-них учесника у закључивању Општег колективног уговора, искључиво јествар законодавне политике коју Уставни суд није надлежан да оцјењује.
Russian, Swedish, and Finnish adpositions meaning ‘under’ and ‘over’ in temporal constructions
Authors: Björklund Martina , Viimaranta Johanna
Published: December 2019

In Russian, Swedish, and Finnish, adpositions with partly overlapping spatial meanings of ‘under’ and ‘over’ / ‘across’ are used with different temporal meanings, which, from a cognitive linguistic point of view, can be interpreted as evidence for different conceptualizations in these languages. In Russian and Finnish the adpositions meaning ‘under’ are used in the temporal meaning ‘just before’ while in Swedish the adposition has the temporal meaning ‘during’. In Swedish and Finnish the temporal meaning for ‘over’ is ‘throughout the whole period of time’, while in Russian it is ‘after a certain period of time’ or ‘every second’. These constructions and the limitations of their use are described for Russian, while very few studies exist for Swedish and Finnish. In our study, we use corpus and Internet data to investigate what types of lexicalized temporal units are allowed in the temporal constructions under investigation.
O roli samodzielnie przygotowanych korpusów w badaniach językoznawczych
Authors: Zabawa Marcin
Published: December 2019

Celem niniejszego artykułu, o charakterze teoretyczno-przeglądowym, jest omówienie problematyki związanej z budową własnego korpusu językowego. Badacz, chcący skupić się np. na analizie neologizmów, musi oprzeć swoje badania na określonych źródłach: o ile dawniej często wykorzystywano do tego celu prasę, o tyle obecnie znacznie częściej są to korpusy językowe (np. NKJP) oraz Internet. Autor artykułu stawia tezę, że zarówno NKJP, jak i Internet jako całość, nie są jednak najlepszym wyborem w wypadku chęci badania np. najnowszego słownictwa polszczyzny, a już na pewno nie są wystarczające. Jeszcze więcej problemów stwarza wybór języka mówionego jako podstawy analiz. Najlepszym wyjściem, choć jednocześnie najtrudniejszym i najbardziej czasochłonnym, jest budowa własnego korpusu językowego. W artykule wykazano, dlaczego użycie prasy czy Internetu jako całości niekoniecznie jest najlepszym rozwiązaniem, a także omówiono różnego rodzaju aspekty teoretyczne związane z budową własnego korpusu (np. wybór rodzaju tekstów, wielkość korpusu, wykorzystanie narzędzi informatycznych ułatwiających tworzenie korpusu).
Grey Literature: Use, Creation, and Citation Habits of Faculty Researchers across Disciplines
Authors: Cooper Kristen , Marsolek Wanda , Riegelman Amy , Farrell Shannon , Kelly Julie
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCTION Grey literature is ephemeral, and the level to which it is created, used, and cited by faculty, graduate students, and other researchers is not well understood. METHODS This electronic survey was distributed to a sample (57%) of the faculty across a wide variety of disciplines with the only criteria based on tenure and tenure-track faculty at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, a large R1 institution. RESULTS Faculty across disciplines both use and create grey literature for several reasons, including its far more rapid publication process. DISCUSSION Many faculty in a wide variety of disciplines are using and creating grey literature. The survey illustrates the different types of grey literature that are being used and for what purpose. Other topics, such as how faculty are finding grey literature (via Google Scholar and professional contacts), whether they are citing it, and which types they create (e.g., conference papers, preprints, technical reports) are also discussed. CONCLUSION As a result of this survey, librarians can provide support for faculty who use and create grey literature in all disciplines and advocate for and promote grey literature to faculty. With more scholars participating in systematic reviews of grey literature, librarians will need to be more cognizant of where and how it may be discovered.
Charge and hydrophobicity are key features in sequence-trained machine learning models for predicting the biophysical properties of clinical-stage antibodies
Authors: Hebditch Max , Warwicker Jim
Published: December 2019

Improved understanding of properties that mediate protein solubility and resistance to aggregation are important for developing biopharmaceuticals, and more generally in biotechnology and synthetic biology. Recent acquisition of large datasets for antibody biophysical properties enables the search for predictive models. In this report, machine learning methods are used to derive models for 12 biophysical properties. A physicochemical perspective is maintained in analysing the models, leading to the observation that models cluster largely according to charge (cross-interaction measurements) and hydrophobicity (self-interaction methods). These two properties also overlap in some cases, for example in a new interpretation of variation in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Since the models are developed from differences of antibody variable loops, the next stage is to extend models to more diverse protein sets.

Availability

The web application for the sequence-based algorithms are available on the protein-sol webserver, at https://protein-sol.manchester.ac.uk/abpred, with models and virtualisation software available at https://protein-sol.manchester.ac.uk/software.
Absent Vedas
Authors: Sweetman Will
Published: December 2019

The Vedas were first described by a European author in a text dating from the 1580s, which was subsequently copied by other authors and appeared in translation in most of the major European languages in the course of the seventeenth century . It was not, however, until the 1730s that copies of the Vedas were first obtained by Europeans, even though Jesuit missionaries had been collecting Indian religious texts since the 1540s. I argue that the delay owes as much to the relative absence of the Vedas in India—and hence to the greater practical significance for missionaries of other genres of religious literature—as to reluctance on the part of Brahmin scholars to transmit their texts to Europeans .
EDUCAÇÃO EM TEMPO INTEGRAL E CURRÍCULO: PRÁTICAS CURRICULARES NA JORNADA AMPLIADA
Authors: De Souza Fernanda Ribeiro , Antônio Clesio Acilino
Published: December 2019

O estudo analisa as práticas curriculares em uma escola em tempo integral, adentrando processos de reorganização dos tempos, espaços e do currículo a partir da ampliação do tempo escolar. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola da rede municipal de educação de São João, PR. Dentre os resultados, evidenciamos a manutenção do paralelismo turno e contraturno, a reprodução da rigidez dos tempos e espaços. As práticas curriculares evidenciaram duas tendências principais: uma em que os conhecimentos estão voltados para a complementação do currículo comum; e outra com foco no desenvolvimento psicossocial dos estudantes, sem maiores relações com a cultura elaborada. Evidenciamos desafios à construção de um currículo ressignificado e voltado para uma formação omnilateral.
ALGUMAS CONSTRUÇÕES DE DISCENTES DA REDE PÚBLICA DE ENSINO ACERCA DAS QUESTÕES DE GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADE
Authors: Parize Erick , Ferreira Adriana Ribeiro
Published: December 2019

A escola como parte do processo de formação de cidadãos e cidadãs deve se mostrar sensível às temáticas gênero e sexualidade com intuito de promover o conhecimento e o bem estar de seus componentes. Objetivando formar um panorama sobre as questões de gênero e sexualidade no ambiente escolar foi utilizada a aplicação de questionários com perguntas abertas aos discentes das escolas públicas. De maneira geral, os relatos dos alunos e alunas revelaram que os temas estão introduzidos superficialmente na escola, e que provavelmente discussões acerca dos temas não ocorrem com frequência.
PRINCÍPIOS DA CARTOGRAFIA E O PENSAMENTO DA DIFERENÇA EM DELEUZE – O QUE QUER A PESQUISA CARTOGRÁFICA?
Authors: Cunha Claudia Madruga
Published: December 2019

Para Gilles Deleuze o conceito de diferença trata da matéria do sensível. Refletir a diferença conjetura o pensar e o ainda não fundado do pensamento. A diferença, nessa perspectiva, deixa de ser oposição a identidade (epistemologia moderna) ou análoga a diversidade. Ao mesmo tempo exige propor outra imagem para pensar, evitando refundar uma imagem de mundo. A descrição dos princípios do rizoma implica em um novo formato de escrever, narrar, pesquisar tendo por plano de composição a diferença. Deleuze, reunido a Felix Guattari, em Mil Platos, lista princípios que contribuem para entender o que quer a pesquisa cartográfica.
Responses of Different Explants of Sweet Potato on Modified MS and LS Based Nutrient Media in vitro
Authors: Michael P. S.
Published: December 2019

A good number of reports on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) tissue culture using different tissues of various cultivars with varying level of efficiency and reproducibility are available but callus induction and plantlet regeneration are recalcitrant and limited to a few genotypes in response to different treatments in vitro. Reported in this paper is a procedure in which several explants of three high yielding and drought tolerant sweet potato cultivars (SK010, WHCH005 and PRAP496), mostly grown and cultivated in the highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) were used to induce embryogenic callus and regenerate plantlets. To achieve a reliable and an efficient system for inducing embryogenic callus on stem, petiole and leaf disc explants, a modified form of Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) media, supplemented with 1 gL-1 picloram and 8 gL-1 agar was used. This procedure resulted in large amount of embryogenic calli that were potentially capable of regenerating whole plantlets on all the different types of explants tested. Further attempts made in plantlet regeneration failed, however ways in which improvement of the tested regeneration media can be made for plant regeneration in similar studies were discussed.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Germination and Vigour of Kagzi Lime Seedlings
Authors: Chaudhary Asha , Ahlawat T. R. , Kumar Sanjeev , Jena Suchismita , Patel Dharmishtha
Published: December 2019

Aims: To investigate the effect of storage treatments, gibberellic acid (GA3) and duration of soaking on seed germination and seedling growth in Kagzi lime.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial concept and three repetitions.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted during July to November 2017 at Department of Fruit Science, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India.

Methodology: The experiment consisted of sixteen treatments which were repeated thrice. It comprised of three factors and their respective levels. Factor S1 indicated freshly extracted kagzi lime seeds and S2 comprised of seeds stored for 15 days. The different concentrations of gibberellic acid were G1 - 200 ppm; G2 - 300 ppm; G3 - 400 ppm and G4 - 500 ppm. Whereas, duration D1 stood for 12 hours and D2 for 24 hours.

Results: The interaction between storage treatments, pre-sowing treatments and duration of soaking was found significant for all parameters included in the study except collar diameter and sturdiness quotient. Soaking freshly extracted Kagzi lime seeds in an aqueous solution of 500 ppm GA3 for 12 hours resulted in the minimum days for 50% germination (27.89), Seedling Vigour Index (3654.83) and survival percentage (84.70). The same treatment when extended for 24 hours recorded the highest germination percentage (95.68) and number of leaves (28.76). Soaking freshly extracted seeds in 400 ppm GA3 solution for 12 hours registered the maximum shoot length (21.63 cm). Kagzi lime seedlings raised from freshly extracted seeds resulted in higher collar diameter (2.04 mm) and sturdiness quotient (8.70). Further, a soaking duration of 12 hours proved better over 24 hours for collar diameter (2.04 mm) and sturdiness quotient (8.69). Between the different concentrations of GA3, 400 ppm gave better results for collar diameter (2.09 mm) and 200 ppm for sturdiness quotient (8.65).  

Conclusion: Soaking freshly extracted kagzi lime seeds in an aqueous solution of 500 ppm GA3 for 12 hrs proved to be the best treatment combination for inducing early germination, higher Seedling Vigour Index and survival percentage. Nurserymen can employ these findings for early germination and vigorous seedlings in Kagzi lime.
Engineered Sewage Treatment System in Selected Niger Delta Environment
Authors: Moore Edward , Udom Godwin , Ngobiri Nnaemeka , Osuji Leo
Published: December 2019

Water is life. Unfortunately, there has become a great scarcity of this precious liquid due to anthropogenic/human activities which have generated wastes, especially sewage that has not been adequately treated in the country, more especially in the poverty-stricken Niger Delta area of Nigeria. The few freshwater bodies not only serve a means for domestic use, including drinking, but it is also used as a means of direct sewage disposal both by the locals and other related unabated activities, thereby increasing the prevalence of water-borne diseases. 

A locally designed sewage plant “engineered sewage treatment system” (ESTS) was therefore designed and developed with local materials like palm kernel shell (PKS), periwinkle shell (PWS), charcoal, fine, and coarse sand to treat domestic wastewater and improve the quality of the available water source within the local communities. The ESTS was operated for three months, and weekly monitoring carried out. The analysis of the treated effluents showed a significant reduction in the levels of contaminants as most of the physicochemical and biological parameters were within acceptable limits by the World Health Organization/Federal Ministry of Environment (WHO/FMEnv). The quality of treated sewage water improved when subjected to treatment by ESTS and compared well to the borehole water, which served as control. The results of the treatment process showed a 93% to 100% treatment efficiency of ESTS in the removal of F. coliform, E. coli, Streptococcus and Clostridium from the sewage. This high-efficiency rate has provided a holistic and affordable (cost-effective) means to curb the proliferation of water- borne diseases and help improve water quality in riverine communities.
Double‐Sided Surface Passivation of 3D Perovskite Film for High‐Efficiency Mixed‐Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mahmud Md Arafat , Duong The , Yin Yanting , Pham Huyen T. , Walter Daniel , Peng Jun , Wu Yiliang , Li Li , Shen Heping , Wu Nandi , Mozaffari Naeimeh , Andersson Gunther , Catchpole Kylie R. , Weber Klaus J. , White Thomas P.
Published: December 2019

Defect‐mediated carrier recombination at the interfaces between perovskite and neighboring charge transport layers limits the efficiency of most state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells. Passivation of interfacial defects is thus essential for attaining cell efficiencies close to the theoretical limit. In this work, a novel double‐sided passivation of 3D perovskite films is demonstrated with thin surface layers of bulky organic cation–based halide compound forming 2D layered perovskite. Highly efficient (22.77%) mixed‐dimensional perovskite devices with a remarkable open‐circuit voltage of 1.2 V are reported for a perovskite film having an optical bandgap of ≈1.6 eV. Using a combination of experimental and numerical analyses, it is shown that the double‐sided surface layers provide effective defect passivation at both the electron and hole transport layer interfaces, suppressing surface recombination on both sides of the active layer. Despite the semi‐insulating nature of the passivation layers, an increase in the fill factor of optimized cells is observed. The efficient carrier extraction is explained by incomplete surface coverage of the 2D perovskite layer, allowing charge transport through localized unpassivated regions, similar to tunnel‐oxide passivation layers used in silicon photovoltaics. Optimization of the defect passivation properties of these films has the potential to further increase cell efficiencies.
Synergistic Coassembly of Highly Wettable and Uniform Hole‐Extraction Monolayers for Scaling‐up Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Erpeng , Bi Enbing , Wu Yongzhen , Zhang Weiwei , Li Linchang , Chen Han , Han Liyuan , Tian He , Zhu Wei‐Hong
Published: December 2019

All organic charge‐transporting layer (CTL)‐featured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit distinct advantages, but their scaling‐up remains a great challenge because the organic CTLs underneath the perovskite are too thin to achieve large‐area homogeneous layers by spin‐coating, and their hydrophobic nature further hinders the solution‐based fabrication of perovskite layer. Here, an unprecedented anchoring‐based coassembly (ACA) strategy is reported that involves a synergistic coadsorption of a hydrophilic ammonium salt CA‐Br with hole‐transporting triphenylamine derivatives to acquire scalable and wettable organic hole‐extraction monolayers for p–i–n structured PSCs. The ACA route not only enables ultrathin organic CTLs with high uniformity but also eliminates the nonwetting problem to facilitate large‐area perovskite films with 100% coverage. Moreover, incorporation of CA‐Br in the ACA strategy can distinctly guarantee a high quality of electronic connection via the cations' vacancy passivation. Consequently, a high power‐conversion‐efficiency (PCE) of 17.49% is achieved for p–i–n structured PSCs (1.02 cm2), and a module with an aperture area of 36 cm2 shows PCE of 12.67%, one of the best scaling‐up results among all‐organic CTL‐based PSCs. This work demonstrates that the ACA strategy can be a promising route to large‐area uniform interfacial layers as well as scaling‐up of perovskite solar cells.
Dendrite‐Free Zinc Deposition Induced by Tin‐Modified Multifunctional 3D Host for Stable Zinc‐Based Flow Battery
Authors: Yin Yanbin , Wang Shengnan , Zhang Qi , Song Yang , Chang Nana , Pan Yanwei , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng
Published: December 2019

Zinc (Zn) plating/stripping is a promising anodic electrochemical reaction for aqueous batteries because of its high safety, low cost, two electron transfer, and rapid reaction kinetics. However, the notorious dendrite growth of Zn has become one of the biggest obstacles hindering its further commercialization. A multifunctional binder‐free tin (Sn)‐modified 3D carbon felt anodic host (SH) is constructed for aqueous zinc‐based flow batteries (ZFB) via a facile and scalable strategy. Compared with the pristine carbon felt host (PH), the as‐fabricated SH affords more robust Zn nucleation sites, lower hydrogen evolution reaction potential and lower nucleation overpotential of Zn and thus better induces uniform Zn plating/stripping with very high Coulombic efficiency (CE). Based on such an SH, a symmetrical flow battery exhibits superior CE (290 cycles with average CE of 99.4%) and a zinc–bromine flow battery demonstrates a longer cycle life (142 cycles with average CE of 97.2%), much better than pristine PH. This is a simple, novel, and effective way to suppress Zn dendrites and improve the performance of ZFBs.
Tunable Optical Properties in Self‐Assembled Oxide‐Metal Hybrid Thin Films via Au‐Phase Geometry Control: From Nanopillars to Nanodisks
Authors: Zhang Di , Misra Shikhar , Li Leigang , Wang Xuejing , Jian Jie , Lu Ping , Gao Xingyao , Sun Xing , Qi Zhimin , Kalaswad Matias , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan
Published: December 2019

Plasmonic oxide‐metal hybrid nanostructures exhibit unprecedented optical properties because of the nanoscale interactions between the oxide and metal components. Precise control of the geometry and arrangement of optical building blocks is key to tailoring system properties toward various nanophotonic applications. Herein, self‐assembled BaTiO3‐Au vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films with a series of thicknesses are fabricated using a one‐step pulsed laser deposition technique. By reducing the film thickness, the geometry of Au phase is effectively tailored from nanopillars to nanodisks, with the aspect ratio (height/width) varied from ≈4.0 to ≈1.0. The experimental optical spectra and numerical simulation results demonstrate that localized surface plasmon resonance and hyperbolic dispersion wavelength can be effectively tuned in the visible to near‐infrared regime by varying the film thickness due to the change of Au aspect ratio and free electron density. This study demonstrates a feasible approach in tuning the optical responses in hybrid oxide‐metal nanostructures, and opens up enormous possibilities in design and fabrication of novel optical components toward all optical integrated devices.
Intrinsic Chirality and Multispectral Spin‐Selective Transmission in Folded Eta‐Shaped Metamaterials
Authors: Yang Shengyan , Liu Zhe , Yang Haifang , Jin Aizi , Zhang Shuang , Li Junjie , Gu Changzhi
Published: December 2019

Manipulating light polarization is of fundamental importance in the modern photonic applications such as spectroscopy, laser science, optical communication, quantum information processing, chemical and biological sensing. Polarization control of light is typically achieved by natural chiral or birefringent materials with macroscopic volume due to the weak light–matter interaction. Here, a folded eta‐shaped metamaterial that is capable of generating gigantic optical chirality and spectrally breaking the spin degeneracy of optical transmission at multiband is experimentally demonstrated. The intrinsic chiral configuration is achieved by folding the eta‐shaped metasurface along the vertical direction to break the mirror symmetries. A remarkable circular dichroism approaching unity is experimentally achieved, with the maximum transmittance exceeding 93%. This is the record high value demonstrated to date for single‐layer metasurfaces without diffraction in infrared region. The folded metamaterial provides a straightforward strategy for achieving intrinsic 3D chirality and has great potential for applications in photon‐spin selective devices and chiral biomolecule identification.
An IR820 Dye–Protein Complex for Second Near‐Infrared Window and Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Du Bulin , Qu Chunrong , Qian Kun , Ren Ying , Li Yesen , Cui Xiaohong , He Shuqing , Wu Yifan , Ko Timothy , Liu Ruiqi , Li Xuena , Li Yaming , Cheng Zhen
Published: December 2019

Recently, much attention has been focused on the development of second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescence imaging because of its reduced scattering, minimal absorption, and negligible autofluorescence. NIR‐II bioimaging allows the visualization of deep anatomical features with an unprecedented degree of clarity. In addition to the construction of a variety of new NIR‐II fluorophores, using a fluorescence tail emission greater than 1000 nm for conventional NIR‐I dyes represents a promising strategy for developing an NIR‐II imaging technique. Herein, the authors report tailoring a supramolecular assembly of human serum albumin (HSA) protein complexed with a sulfonated NIR‐I organic dye (IR820) to produce a brilliant 21‐fold increase in fluorescence for NIR‐II imaging. In vivo NIR‐II imaging with IR820–HSA allows noninvasive and dynamic visualization and monitoring of physiological and pathological conditions of the vascular system, lymphatic drainage system, and tumor‐bearing mice, as well as image‐guided tumor resection with high spatial and temporal resolution. Furthermore, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of IR820–HSA in mouse tumor models also demonstrate good tumor accumulation. Overall, an IR820–protein complex with high biocompatibility can be easily constructed using a conventional NIR‐I dye that provides a new theranostic tool with high clinical translation potential.
Chiral Carbon Dots Synthesized on Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Chekini Mahshid , Prince Elisabeth , Zhao Lily , Mundoor Haridas , Smalyukh Ivan I. , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: December 2019

Hybrid nanoparticles composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and carbon‐dots (C‐dots) have promising applications in chemistry, biology, and nanomedicine, owing to the photoluminescence, sensory properties, and cytocompatibility of C‐dots, and chirality, cytobiocompatibility, and high cellular uptake of CNCs. The possibility of circularly polarized luminescence in such nanoparticles is particularly attractive. Herein, scalable and straightforward hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen‐doped fluorescent C‐dots under reflux condition by using CNCs as a carbon source and chiral substrate is reported. Under ultraviolet irradiation, hybrid C‐dot/CNC nanoparticles exhibit stronger emission of left‐handed, than right‐handed, circularly polarized light, with high dissymmetry factor up to 0.2. The nanoparticles are biocompatible: the normalized proliferation index above 100% is determined for MCF 7 cells cultured in the suspension of C‐dot/CNC nanoparticles. These hybrid nanoparticles can find applications as biotags for labeling, sensing, and therapeutics and as building blocks of photoluminescent cholesteric CNC films with photonic applications.
Interatomic Potential Model Development: Finite‐Temperature Dynamics Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Shin Seungha , Lee Sangkeun
Published: December 2019

Developing an accurate interatomic potential model is a prerequisite for achieving reliable results from classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations; however, most of the potentials are biased as specific simulation purposes or conditions are considered in the parameterization. For developing an unbiased potential, a finite‐temperature dynamics machine learning (FTD‐ML) approach is proposed, and its processes and feasibility are demonstrated using the Buckingham potential model and aluminum (Al) as an example. Compared with conventional machine learning approaches, FTD‐ML exhibits three distinguished features: 1) FTD‐ML intrinsically incorporates more extensive configurational and conditional space for enhancing the transferability of developed potentials; 2) FTD‐ML employs various properties calculated directly from CMD, for ML model training and prediction validation against experimental data instead of first‐principles data; 3) FTD‐ML is much more computationally cost effective than first‐principles simulations, especially when the system size increases over 103 atoms as employed in this research for ensuring reliable training data. The Al Buckingham potential developed by the FTD‐ML approach exhibits good performance for general simulation purposes. Thus, the FTD‐ML approach is expected to contribute to a fast development of interatomic potential model suitable for various simulation purposes and conditions, without limitation of model type, while maintaining experimental‐level accuracy.
Photobrightening in Lead Halide Perovskites: Observations, Mechanisms, and Future Potential
Authors: Andaji‐Garmaroudi Zahra , Anaya Miguel , Pearson Andrew J. , Stranks Samuel D.
Published: December 2019

There has been a meteoric rise in the commercial potential of lead halide perovskite optoelectronic devices since photovoltaic cells and light‐emitting diodes based on these materials were first demonstrated. One key challenge common to each of these optoelectronic devices is the need to suppress nonradiative recombination, a process that limits the maximum achievable efficiency in photovoltaic cells and light‐emitting diodes. In this Progress Report, recent studies that seek to minimize this loss pathway in perovskites through a photobrightening treatment, whereby the luminescence efficiency is enhanced through a light illumination passivation process are examined. The sensitivity of this effect to various experimental considerations is examined, including atmosphere, photon energy, photon dose, and also the role of perovskite composition and morphology; under certain conditions there can even be photodarkening effects. Consideration of these factors is critical to resolve seemingly conflicting literature reports. Proposed mechanisms are scrutinized, revealing that there is now some consensus but further work is needed to identify the specific defects being passivated and elucidate universal mechanisms. Finally, the prospects for these treatments to minimize halide migration and push the properties of polycrystalline films towards those of their single‐crystal counterparts are discussed.
Numerical investigation of bubble breakup in a four‐branched microchannel based on non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid
Authors: Du Mengqi , Qi Tong , Fan Wenyuan , Chen Hui
Published: December 2019

Bubble breakup in a four‐branched microchannel with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution was investigated by an improved coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) method based on consideration of the rheological characteristic of the fluid. The validity of the numerical approach was satisfactorily verified by comparing with the experimental results. The regime and pattern of bubble breakup were evaluated by analyzing the evolution of bubble morphology. The effects of gas velocity, solution concentration, and subchannel width on daughter bubble length were examined, respectively. The results indicate that three split regimes at the branch comprising expansion, squeezing, and pinch‐off stage and three flow patterns including long slug, short slug, and bubble flows can be observed. Daughter bubble length increases with the gas velocity but decreases with the solution concentration. Particularly, the bubble length in the subchannel near the symmetry axis of main channel is always greater than that in the channel far from the axis. However, as the former channel shrinks, the bubble length in it will rapidly drop while the length in latter channel increases significantly. Finally, a scaling law to predict the daughter bubble length in two‐distanced channel is developed and agrees with the numerical results under present conditions.
Preparation of organic–inorganic hybridized dual‐functional antifog/antireflection coatings on plastic substrates
Authors: Chang Chao‐Ching , Lin Zi‐Min , Cheng Liao‐Ping
Published: December 2019

Dual‐functional antifog/antireflection coatings with a special bi‐layer structure for plastic substrates were prepared. The superhydrophilic top layer was a crosslinked network of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), hydrophilic agent (synthesized from Tween 20, isophorone diisocyanate, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and organically modified silica. The high‐refractive‐index bottom layer was composed of TiO2 nanoparticles and DPHA. The two layers were chemically bonded through a UV‐curing process. By tuning the thicknesses of the two layers, a series of coatings were prepared. These coatings were highly transparent and able to reduce reflectance. In addition, they adhered well to the substrate, and demonstrated superb antifogging capability on steam tests. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48822.
Study of effect of two sulfonating agents on electrochemical properties of surface‐modified polyethersulfone membrane
Authors: Zarybnicka Lucie , Stranska Eliska
Published: December 2019

The work deals with the selection of sulfonating agent and preparation of polymeric coating on membrane step by step. The surface modification of a commercial ultrafiltration polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was covalently attached to the poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene‐co‐4‐vinylbenzylchloride). The whole process was tracked step by step using analytical methods. Chlorosulfonic acid and trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate were tested as sulfonating agents. Ion‐exchange capacity (IEC), water content, specific resistance, and permselectivity were measured and scanning electron microscope analyzed the surface of the cation exchange membrane. The best results were achieved using 5 wt % chlorosulfonic acid as sulfonating agent. IEC reached values of up to 2.44 meq g−1 of dry matter, permselectivity of 93.6%, area resistances of 10.1 Ω cm2, and specific resistance around 299 Ω cm. The prepared cation exchange PES membrane with chlorosulfonic acid can be used in electrochemical processes, for example, in electrodialysis. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48826.
Orange peel waste from juicing as raw material for plastic composites intended for use in food packaging
Authors: Fehlberg Jack , Lee Chun‐Lung , Matuana Laurent M. , Almenar Eva
Published: December 2019

Utilization of orange peel (OP) from the juicing industry as filler material within a polymer matrix can add value to this agricultural waste and reduce dependence on nonrenewable resources. This study aims to investigate the impact of OP filler's physical characteristics including size, loading, and retention/removal of zest on plastic properties of interest for food packaging. Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) is selected to produce plastic composites due to its widespread use in food packaging. Eight different LLDPE/OP sheets from combinations of different OP characteristics are examined. Results show that OP particle sizes of 75–177 μm without zest at 0.4‐g loading improve thermal stability, color, dispersion, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and elongation at break as well as reduce air bubble formation and OP agglomerate sizes in LLDPE/OP composites. Results show a promise in utilization of OP fillers to produce a composite comparable to neat LLDPE and composites with UV‐blocking properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48841.
Long‐lived electrochemiluminescence of ruthenium (II) complexes/tri‐n‐propylamine in aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhou Ming , Dan Nianping , Wang Hong
Published: December 2019

Although the clinical use of immunoassays based on the oxidative‐reduction electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium (II)/tri‐n‐propylamine has been a great success, elucidation of the ECL generation mechanism still remains unsatisfactory. We report here our experimental observations of long‐lived luminescence that remains detectable for several seconds after termination of electrochemical heterogeneous oxidation. Long‐lived luminescence was observed in both a surfactant‐free buffer and a surfactant‐containing broadly used commercial buffer under different conditions. The slow decay of emission seems to have been unnoticed in previous ECL mechanistic studies. Within the frame of the reaction schemes so far proposed, its origin is inconclusively ascribed to the reductive‐oxidation process of ruthenium (II) complex, that is Ru(bpy)32+ → Ru(bpy)31+ → Ru(bpy)32+* → Ru(bpy)32+ with the involvement of the tri‐n‐propylamine‐derived radical cation. It is anticipated that long‐lived ECL will suggest a research approach to separate some homogeneous reactions from the complicated reaction system and therefore help to resolve the mechanistic mystery.
Relating Environmental, Social, and Governance scores and sustainability performances of firms: An empirical analysis
Authors: Rajesh R. , Rajendran Chandrasekharan
Published: December 2019

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores can act as an indicator for sustainability performance of organizations. This paper explores an empirical evidence for the relationship binding ESG scores and sustainability performances of firms. We observe and evaluate the ESG performance scores of 1,820 firms globally for 5 years, from 2014 to 2018 on 10 major themes and over 400 different indicators, as listed by Thomson Reuters and is captured from the Bloomberg terminal data. We posit five hypotheses to check the relations binding ESG scores and the total sustainability performances of firms. A Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis and standard bootstrapping using Smart PLS 3.0 software is used to observe the results and to evidence the direct and moderating effects among latent variables contributing to sustainability performances. We observe a significant and negative moderating effect of ESG performances, independently over the all direct relations, considering their relationship to ESG performances. One of the major implications of this research is in the direction of assigning priorities while considering environmental‐, social‐, and governance‐related themes in the implementation of any strategies or policies into practice.
Driving sectoral sustainability via the diffusion of organizational eco‐innovations
Authors: García‐Quevedo Jose , Kesidou Effie , Martínez‐Ros Ester
Published: December 2019

Using insights from institutional literature, the resource‐based theory of the firm, and internationalization, we explain variations in the diffusion of organizational eco‐innovations. Studies have previously reported that the drivers of eco‐innovation are regulatory pressures, technology push, market pull, and firm factors. But relatively little attention has been paid to nontechnological forms of eco‐innovation, such as environmental management systems (EMS). Consequently, how exactly to encourage EMS adoption across sectors is still unclear. We attempt to address this question by combining sectoral panel data (2009–2014) from a number of sources in Spain. The econometric analysis reveals that environmental policy is driving the adoption of ISO 14001 largely due to differences across sectors in energy and pollution intensity. In addition, the adoption of ISO 9001 increases the use of ISO 14001 in industry because of complementarities between the two systems. Third, in highly internationalized sectors, firms adopt a greater amount of ISO 14001.
Ex vivo isolated human vessel perfusion system for the design and assessment of nanomedicines targeted to the endothelium
Authors: Lysyy Taras , Bracaglia Laura G. , Qin Lingfeng , Albert Claire , Pober Jordan S. , Tellides George , Saltzman W. Mark , Tietjen Gregory T.
Published: December 2019

Endothelial cells play a central role in the process of inflammation. Their biologic relevance, as well as their accessibility to IV injected therapeutics, make them a strong candidate for treatment with molecularly‐targeted nanomedicines. Typically, the properties of targeted nanomedicines are first optimized in vitro in cell culture and then in vivo in rodent models. While cultured cells are readily available for study, results obtained from isolated cells can lack relevance to more complex in vivo environments. On the other hand, the quantitative assays needed to determine the impact of nanoparticle design on targeting efficacy are difficult to perform in animal models. Moreover, results from animal models often translate poorly to human systems. To address the need for an improved testing platform, we developed an isolated vessel perfusion system to enable dynamic and quantitative study of vascular‐targeted nanomedicines in readily obtainable human vessels isolated from umbilical cords or placenta. We show that this platform technology enables the evaluation of parameters that are critical to targeting efficacy (including flow rate, selection of targeting molecule, and temperature). Furthermore, biologic replicates can be easily produced by evaluating multiple vessel segments from the same human donor in independent, modular chambers. The chambers can also be adapted to house vessels of a variety of sizes, allowing for the subsequent study of vessel segments in vivo following transplantation into immunodeficient mice. We believe this perfusion system can help to address long‐standing issues in endothelial targeted nanomedicines and thereby enable more effective clinical translation.
98% IGHV gene identity is the optimal cutoff to dichotomize the prognosis of Chinese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Shi Ke , Sun Qian , Qiao Chun , Zhu Huayuan , Wang Li , Wu Jiazhu , Wang Lili , Fu Jianxin , Young Ken H. , Fan Lei , Xia Yi , Xu Wei , Li Jianyong
Published: December 2019

Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) mutational status has been an important prognostic factor for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) for decades. Patients with unmutated IGHV (≥98% identity to the germline sequence) have inferior prognosis and tend to carry unfavorable genetic markers compared to those with mutated IGHV (<98% identity to the germline sequence). However, 98% as the cutoff for IGHV mutational status is a mathematical choice and remains controversial. We have previously reported distinct IGHV repertoire features between Chinese and western CLL populations. Here, we retrospectively studied 595 Chinese CLL patients to determine the best cutoff value for IGHV in Chinese CLL population. Using 1% as the interval for IGHV identity, we divided the studied cohort into seven subgroups from 95% to 100%. Briefer time to first treatment (TTFT) and overall survival (OS) were observed in cases with ≥98% compared to those with <98%, while the differences were obscure within subgroups ≥98% (98%‐98.99%, 99%‐99.99%, and 100%) and <98% (<94.99%, 95%‐95.99%, 96%‐96.99%, and 97%‐97.99%). Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent prognostic value of 98% being the cutoff for IGHV identity in terms of both TTFT and OS. All the prognostic factors, including del(17p13), del(11q22.3), TP53 mutation, MYD88 mutation, NOTCH1 mutation, SF3B1 mutation, CD38, ZAP‐70, Binet staging, gender, and β2‐microglobulin, were significantly different in distribution between group <98% and group ≥98%, but not among subgroups 98%‐98.99%, 99%‐99.99%, and 100%. In conclusion, 98% is the optimal cutoff of IGHV identity for the prognosis evaluation of Chinese CLL patients.
Pyrene‐Based Noncovalent Immobilization of Nitrogenase on Carbon Surfaces
Authors: Patel Janki , Cai Rong , Milton Ross , Chen Hui , Minteer Shelley D.
Published: December 2019

Early work with viologen‐mediated nitrogenase bio‐electrochemistry focused on bio‐electrocatalysis with the enzyme in solution, but biocatalyst immobilization at electrode surfaces is favorable as it provides a high effective concentration of biocatalyst at the electrode surface. We have used a pyrene–peptide linker as a method for immobilizing nitrogenase on carbon electrode surfaces for nitrogenase bio‐electrocatalysis.
Use of objective imaging systems to assess subjective grain appearance traits important to the US rice industry
Authors: McClung Anna M. , Chen Ming‐Hsuan , Jodari Farman , Famoso Adam N. , Addison Christopher K. , Linscombe Steven D. , Ottis Brian V. , Moldenhauer Karen A. K. , Walker Timothy W. , Wilson Lloyd T. , McKenzie Kent S.
Published: December 2019

Background and objectives

Milled rice grain appearance traits, including chalk, determine its grade, price, and marketability. These appearance traits are evaluated visually (VI) in the United States by officially trained inspectors and at commercial mills. Digital imaging systems (IS) provide an alternative means to objectively and rapidly measure these traits. The goals of this study were to compare chalk values determined by VI and IS and to identify IS parameters that are associated with the five grain appearance traits commonly assessed by the US rice industry.

Findings

Milled rice chalk determined by three VI methods used by commercial mills, a rice export company, and government inspectors, and three IS, WinSeedle, SeedCount, and S21, differed significantly. However, all six methods agreed on ranking of the best and worst of 20 US cultivars for chalkiness. Multiple linear regression analyses identified quality parameters from each IS that are associated with—bran streaks, chalk, kernel color, uniformity length, and appearance overall as determined by commercial mills.

Conclusions

IS can rapidly quantify rice grain appearance traits but agree with subjective ratings for chalkiness only when differences are extreme. Subjective grain appearance traits as determined by commercial mills appear to be based on several parameters detected by IS.

Significance and novelty

IS demonstrated that discolored kernels and grain chalkiness are the major factors explaining differences in overall appearance of US long‐grain varieties as subjectively assessed by commercial mills.
Recent Development on Cp*Ir(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Li Xianwei , Ouyang Wensen , Nie Jianhong , Ji Shaomin , Chen Qian , Huo Yanping
Published: December 2019

Selective functionalization of ubiquitous C−H bonds of molecules would provide novel retrosynthetic insights and powerful tools for the rapid construction of molecular complexity. In this context, Cp*Ir(III) complexes have exhibited versatile reactivity towards the selective conversion of C−H bonds, with key features that include the use of readily transformable raw materials, great selectivity (chemo‐, stereo‐ and regio‐), high efficiency, mild reaction conditions and they enable late‐stage modification of complex molecules. Recently, Cp*Ir(III) catalysis has achieved a broad range of reactions such as multiple dehydrogenations and stereoselective C−X bond formations. These advancements are valuable to organometallic chemists and enable the efficient synthesis of functionalized architectures.