bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hernioplasty of large and giant diaphragmal hernias with polypropylene and biocarbonic implant
Authors: Rosenfeld I. I.
Published: July 2021

Aim. Highlighting the immediate and long-term results of using a biocarbon implant in comparison with the standard method of using a polypropylene implant when operating on patients with large and giant diaphragmatic hernias.

Materials and methods. All patients were divided into 2 study groups, which underwent alloplasty with various implants: Group I of 221 patients who underwent alloplasty with a polypropylene mesh implant (171 patients with large hernias with an area of 10–20 cm2 and 50 patients with giant hiatal hernias with the area of the hernial defect is more than 20 cm2); Group II of 79 patients who underwent original alloplasty with a two-layer biocarbon mesh implant (50 patients with large hernias and 29 patients with giant hiatal hernias). Postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo scale. The De Meester Index was used as a comparison criterion.

Results. The results of surgical treatment are pilot and representative, which determine the further tactics and direction of improving operations to remove large and giant diaphragmatic hernias. The data on the use of a two-layer biocarbon implant and a comparison with a polypropylene implant during onlay repair of large and giant diaphragmatic hernias are presented.

Conclusion. There were significant differences in relapses of all types in favor of a biocarbon implant (5,6 versus 22,8%; p < 0,0001; Fisher's exact test).
COVID-19 Vaccination Issues in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Parabina E. V. , Konstantinov D. Yu. , Kaabak M. M. , Rappoport N. N. , Pushkin S. Yu. , Selyutin A. A. , Navasardyan A. S. , Maslikova U. V. , Alexandrova V. E. , Yaremin B. I.
Published: July 2021

The aim of this workis to provide basic answers to questions related to the vaccination of solid organ transplant recipients based on the latest literature sources and clinical guidelines. Vaccination of solid organ transplants and persons in constant contact with them is a mandatory measure, the provision of which is a vital measure that effectively reduces the risk of death from COVID-19. Doubts about less effectiveness in conditions of immunosuppression or the potential risk of developing adverse reactions are significantly inferior to the risk of death and the development of severe complications. Until new data become available, the vaccination regimen must strictly comply with the instructions for medical use of the drug. Before transplantation, the patient should be examined according to the screening protocol, and also consulted by the transplant doctor who supervises him. It is possible that whole virion vaccines (CoviVac) have an advantage over others when vaccinating solid organ recipients, but clinical experience in this matter has not yet been obtained.
Cross-site Scripting Attack Detection Using Machine Learning with Hybrid Features
Authors: Prasetio Dimaz Arno , Kusrini Kusrini , Arief M. Rudyanto
Published: July 2021

This study aims to measure the classification accuracy of XSS attacks by using a combination of two methods of determining feature characteristics, namely using linguistic computation and feature selection. XSS attacks have a certain pattern in their character arrangement, this can be studied by learners using n-gram modeling, but in certain cases XSS characteristics can contain a certain meta and synthetic this can be learned using feature selection modeling. From the results of this research, hybrid feature modeling gives good accuracy with an accuracy value of 99.87%, it is better than previous studies which the average is still below 99%, this study also tries to analyze the false positive rate considering that the false positive rate in attack detection is very influential for the convenience of the information security team, with the modeling proposed, the false positive rate is very small, namely 0.039%
In vivo Neuropharmacological Potential of Gomphandra tetrandra (Wall.) Sleumer and in-silico Study against β-Amyloid Precursor Protein
Authors: Rahman Md Saidur , Zilani Md Nazmul Hasan , Islam Md. Aminul , Hasan Md Munaib , Islam Md. Muzahidul , Yasmin Farzana , Biswas Partha , Hirashima Akinori , Rahman Md. Ataur , Hasan Md. Nazmul , Kim Bonglee
Published: July 2021

Medicinal plants possess a surplus of novel and biologically active secondary metabolites that are responsible for counteracting diseases. Traditionally, Gomphandra tetrandra (Wall.) Sleumer is used to treat mental disorders. The present research was designed to explore phytochemicals from the ethanol leaf extract of Gomphandra tetrandra (Wall.) Sleumer to identify the potential pharmacophore(s) in the treatment of neurological disorders. The chemical compounds of the experimental plant were identified through GC-MS analysis. Besides, in-vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using different methods. Furthermore, in-vivo neurological activity was assessed in Swiss-albino mice. Computer aided analysis was appraised to determine the best-fit phytoconstituent of a total of fifteen identified compounds in the experimental plant extract against beta-amyloid precursor protein. The experimental extract revealed fifteen compounds in GC-MS analysis and the highest content was 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (Z, Z, Z). Also, the extract showed potent anti-oxidant activity in in-vitro assays. Furthermore, in in-vivo neurological assays, the extract disclosed significant (p<0.05) neurological activity. The most favorable phytochemicals as neurological agents were selected via ADMET profiling and molecular docking was studied with beta-amyloid precursor protein. Moreover, in the computer aided study, 1, 5-Diphenyl-2H-1, 2, 4-triazoline-3-thione (Pub Chem CID: 2802516) was more active than other identified compounds with strong binding affinity to beta-amyloid precursor protein. The present in vivo and in silico studies revealed neuropharmacological features of G. tetrandra leaves extract as a natural agent against neurological disorders, especially Alzheimer’s disease.
Explosives Use In Decommissioning – Guide for Assessment of Risk (Edgar): I Determination of Sound Pressure Levels for Open Water Blasts and Severance of Conductors and Piles from below the Seabed
Authors: Brand Alison M.
Published: July 2021

A simple underwater noise model suitable for use with explosives in the decommissioning of oil and gas subsea structures is introduced and evaluated against data from five projects in the US. The performance of the model is compared to four existing models for open water blasts, and for the severance of well conductors and piles. Simulated received underwater sound pressure levels were significantly correlated with measurements for all scenarios. The maximum total error achieved between simulations and measurements was 3.5%, suggesting that predictions are accurate to within 4% of the average measurement. A low relative bias was observed in the simulations when compared to measured values, suggesting only a small systematic underestimate (≤ 1% of average measurement) for most severance operations and a small overestimate (1.34%) for open water blasts.
Vitamin D and Rheumatic Diseases: A Review of Clinical Evidence
Authors: Charoenngam Nipith
Published: July 2021

Vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining healthy mineralized skeleton. It is also consid-ered an immunomodulatory agent that regulate the innate and adaptive immune systems. Multi-ple observational studies have demonstrated the association between low level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and presence and severity of several rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), spondyloarthropathies and oste-oarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, the specific benefits of vitamin D supplement for treatment and prevention of rheumatic diseases are less accepted as the results from randomized clinical trials are inconsistent, although some conceivable benefits of vitamin D for improvement of disease ac-tivity of RA, SLE and OA have been demonstrated in meta-analyses. It is also possible that some individuals might benefit from vitamin D differently from others since inter-individual difference in responsiveness to vitamin D supplementation has been observed in genomic studies. Although the optimal level of serum 25(OH)D is still debatable, it is advisable it is advisable that patients with rheumatic diseases should maintain serum 25(OH)D level at least 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) to prevent osteomalacia, secondary osteoporosis and fracture, and possibly 40 – 60 ng/mL (100 – 150 nmol/L) to achieve maximal benefit from vitamin D for immune health and overall health.
Development of Anticancer Drugs: From Mechanical Properties of Tumor Stiffness to Cytoskeleton-Targeting Natural Products
Authors: Liu Xiaoye , Xu Hongwei , Feng Yuting , Hou Xiaolin
Published: July 2021

Mechanical properties of tumor cytoskeleton are extremely vital for any phases of cancer, especially in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, in current category of anticancer drugs, the cytoskeleton-targeting drugs are limited and its role in tumor progression is unclear. Here, we present the mechanical characteristics of tumor stiffness are tightly regulated by cancer cytoskeleton including actin filaments and microtubule during tumor initiation, growth and metastasis, and review the natural drugs that target cancer cytoskeleton. We define cytoskeleton dynamics as target mechanisms for anticancer drug, and summary the plant, microbial and marine sources of natural products. Furthermore, the material approaches to active cancer mechanics are supplied in this review. We aim to promote the development of anticancer drugs that target tumor mechanics by using those material approaches in future and find its pharmacological application.
Forming a culture of interpersonal relationships of senior preschoolers by means of art and play activities
Authors: Yushchenko Natalia Sergeevna , Pokivaylova Elena Borisovna , Cheshenko Lena Igorevna , Ershova Olga Victorovna , Manuilov Vladimir
Published: July 2021

The article is concerned with an urgent issue of art pedagogy, namely, the socialization and aesthetic development of senior preschoolers through group play activities. The authors of the article have highlighted the importance of individual and personal characteristics of children of this age when they are involved in joint creative activity and group interaction. Particular attention is paid to the culture of communication and interaction of senior preschoolers with their peers and teachers. At the same time, the study covers the issues of realizing the creative potential of senior preschoolers through art and games. A separate direction of this pedagogical research of senior preschoolers is the comprehensive personal diagnostics of such children and the corresponding typology of their personality. Based on the characteristics of each type of child, the authors have proposed the main pedagogical strategies for the formation of a culture of interpersonal relationships that can be used in various programs of aesthetic education and development of senior preschoolers. The article also highlights the corresponding typology of educational games assessed as a condition for forming scientifically grounded technologies of psychological, spiritual and moral development of senior preschoolers. The study might be of interest to a wide range of specialists.
Hantavirus infection. Achievements and challenges
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Maleev V.V. , Tokmalaev A.K. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kozhevnikova G.M. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Golub V.P. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Polovinkina N.A. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kharlamova T.V. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Konnov V.V. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Barysheva I.V. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Emerole K.Ch. ,   People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

In the last two decades, a number of studies analyzing environmental, epidemiological, immunological, pathogenetic, and clinical aspects of hantavirus infection were published. Scientists are searching for effective treatments and are developing new methods of specific disease prevention. The classification of pathogens has been optimized and species names of hantaviruses have been changed. Hantavirus infection has been registered on almost all continents with different incidence. Considering the wide spread of hantavirus infection, it is rather not a feral herd infection, but a natural ubiquitous infection. Hantavirus infection has two clinical variants, including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In our opinion, the similarity of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of both variants of hantavirus infection suggests the need to unite HFRS and HCPS (coded in the ICD as А98 and В33, respectively) into a single category ‘Hantavirus infection’ with clinical variants of its course. We believe that damage to the respiratory tract (regardless of the type of pathogen) should be considered as primary and pathogenetically determined condition; it can be considered as a complication only if the diagnosis was laboratory confirmed. Key words: Hantavirus, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS, hantavirus (cardio) pulmonary syndrome, HPS, capillary leak syndrome
Arterial hypertension and antihypertensive therapy in older patients. The agreed opinion of experts from the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians, the Antihypertensive League, the National Society for Preventive Cardiology
Authors: Tkacheva O. N. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Runikhina N. K. , Frolova E. V. , Ostapenko V. S. , Sharashkina N. V. , Baranova E. I. , Bulgakova S. V. , Villevalde S. V. , Duplyakov D. V. , Ilnitskiy A. N. , Kislyak O. A. , Kobalava Zh. D. , Konradi A. O. , Nedogoda S. V. , Orlova Ya. A. , Pogosova N. V. , Proshchaev K. I. , Chumakova G. A.
Published: July 2021

High blood pressure is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as cognitive decline and loss of autonomy in the elderly and old age. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in populations of older patients living at home with low comorbidity and preserved autonomy indicate the benefit of lowering elevated blood pressure in patients over 80 years of age. Older patients with senile asthenia, loss of autonomy and other geriatric problems were excluded from RCTs, and observational studies in these groups of patients indicate an increase in morbidity and mortality with lower blood pressure and antihypertensive therapy. Obviously, in very elderly patients, a universal strategy for the treatment of arterial hypertension cannot be applied due to the significant heterogeneity of their functional status. The geriatric approach to the management of arterial hypertension in older patients involves an assessment of the functional status, the presence of senile asthenia, and the degree of autonomy for the choice of antihypertensive therapy tactics.
Measuring All-Cause Mortality With the Census Numident File
Authors: Finlay Keith , Genadek Katie R.
Published: July 2021

Objectives.

To assess the quality of population-level US mortality data in the US Census Bureau Numerical Identification file (Numident) and describe the details of the mortality information as well as the novel person-level linkages available when using the Census Numident.

Methods.

We compared all-cause mortality in the Census Numident to published vital statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We provide detailed information on the linkage of the Census Numident to other Census Bureau survey, administrative, and economic data.

Results.

Death counts in the Census Numident are similar to those from published mortality vital statistics. Yearly comparisons show that the Census Numident captures more deaths since 1997, and coverage is slightly lower going back in time. Weekly estimates show similar trends from both data sets.

Conclusions.

The Census Numident is a high-quality and timely source of data to study all-cause mortality. The Census Bureau makes available a vast and rich set of restricted-use, individual-level data linked to the Census Numident for researchers to use.

Public Health Implications.

The Census Numident linked to data available from the Census Bureau provides infrastructure for doing evidence-based public health policy research on mortality.
Alternative learning model in physics learning: Effect of the conceptual change model with cognitive conflict on critical thinking skill
Authors: Wilujeng Insih , Hidayatullah Zul
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to apply the Conceptual Change Model (CCM) containing cognitive conflicts and to find out the difference in their effects on students' critical thinking skills. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study with an Only-Posttest design. The sample in this study was 91 students at senior high school in Lombok, Indonesia. The sampling technique used in this research is simple random sampling. Students are divided into three sample groups: experiment class, control 1 class, and control 2. Critical thinking skills are measured based on five aspects: basic clarification, basic decisions, inference, evaluation, and further explanation. The test used to measure critical thinking skills is a description test. The material chosen is motion along a straight line. This research was tested by ANOVA 1 way. The test results show differences in the critical thinking skills of the three sample groups in the motion and straight line material. This shows that CCM containing cognitive conflict can be used as alternative learning to improve critical thinking skills. Subsequent research is carried out for different materials and different areas, but it should be noted that this learning is suitable for materials that experience many misconceptions.
High impact on students’ understanding of atomics radius on crystals geometry concept through implementation of JITT with 3D animation
Authors: Ayu Hena Dian , Jufriadi Akhmad , Andinisari Ratri
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to analyze the students 'initial and final understanding after the application of JITT with 3D animation, to identify students' responses and arguments, and to determine the impact of using JITT with 3D animation. This research involved 43 students of the 6th semester of the 2019-2020 academic year of the Physics Education study program of the Universitas PGRI Kanjuruhan Malang who took solid state physics course. Students' initial and final understanding was analyzed through responses and arguments presented during the pretest, while the impact of JITT application with 3D animation was analyzed based on the results of the pretest and posttest as well as student responses during the learning process expressed through short interviews and discussions. The qualitative and quantitative data generated from the mixed-method approach were analyzed simultaneously. The results show that the students understand that the atomic radius for all the different crystal lattices is the same, namely a/2. This was awakened by an early understanding of the general definition of the radius. However, after following the JITT stages with 3D animation, their understanding changed that the atomic radius of each crystal lattice is different in length. In addition, the results of statistical analysis showed that there was a very significant increase in the students' mastery of concepts from an average of 26.9 to 96.7. Meanwhile, the N-gain value is very high, namely 0.96 in the very effective category, which illustrates that JITT with 3D animation has had a high impact on students' understanding of atomic radius in the concept of crystal geometry.
An epigenetic modeling approach for adaptive prognostics of engineered systems
Authors: Seale Maria , Garcia-Reyero Natàlia , Salter R. , Ruvinsky Alicia
Published: July 2021

Prognostics and health management (PHM) frameworks are widely used in engineered systems, such as manufacturing equipment, aircraft, and vehicles, to improve reliability, maintainability, and safety. Prognostic information for impending failures and remaining useful life is essential to inform decision-making by enabling cost versus risk estimates of maintenance actions. These estimates are generally provided by physics-based or data-driven models developed on historical information. Although current models provide some predictive capabilities, the ability to represent individualized dynamic factors that affect system health is limited. To address these shortcomings, we examine the biological phenomenon of epigenetics. Epigenetics provides insight into how environmental factors affect genetic expression in an organism, providing system health information that can be useful for predictions of future state. The means by which environmental factors influence epigenetic modifications leading to observable traits can be correlated to circumstances affecting system health. In this paper, we investigate the general parallels between the biological effects of epigenetic changes on cellular DNA to the influences leading to either system degradation and compromise, or improved system health. We also review a variety of epigenetic computational models and concepts, and present a general modeling framework to support adaptive system prognostics.
2017 hurricane season : recommendations for a resilient path forward for the Marine Transportation System
Authors: Chambers Katherine , Murphy Joshua , McIntosh Kathryn
Published: July 2021

In October 2017, the Coordinating Board of the US Committee on the Marine Transportation System tasked the MTS Resilience Integrated Action Team to identify the impacts, best practices, and lessons learned by federal agencies during the 2017 hurricane season. The RIAT studied the resiliency of the MTS by targeting its ability to prepare, respond, recover, and adapt to and from disruptions by turning to the collective knowledge of its members. Utilizing interagency data calls and a targeted workshop, the RIAT gauged the disruptive effect of the 2017 hurricane season and how Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria affected the operating status of at least 45 US ports across three major regions. This report identifies recommendations to better understand how the MTS can prepare for future storms and identifies activities by federal agencies that are contributing towards resilience. Such actions include hosting early pre-storm preparedness meetings, prioritizing communication between agencies and information distribution, and maintaining or updating existing response plans. Recommendations also target challenges experienced such as telecommunication and prioritization assistance to ports and critical infrastructure. Finally, the report offers opportunities to minimize the impacts experienced from storms and other disruptions to enhance the resilience of the MTS and supporting infrastructure.
Middle–Upper Cambrian Trilobites of the Genus Nganasanella Rosova, 1963 and Their Stratigraphic Significance
Authors: Makarova A.L.
Published: July 2021

—This paper presents a revision for the genus Nganasanella Rosova, 1963, first described in the stratotype of the Kulyumbean Regional Stage of the Kulyumbe River section (northwest of the Siberian Platform). This section is typical of the upper Cambrian sediments of the Kotuy–Igarka facies region, formed in a shallow marine shelf. As shown by the study, the genus comprises seven species. The species N. nganasanensis Rosova, 1963 (type species), N. tavgaensis Rosova, 1963, N. glabella (Kobayashi), 1943, N. granulosa Rosova et Makarova, 2009, and N. vernacula Rosova et Makarova, 2009 are found in the Siberian Platform. The species N. australica sp. nov. occurs in northeastern Australia. The species N. trisulcatus (Ergaliev), 1980 is widespread in southern Kazakhstan. Some species (N. granulosa and N. vernacula) are found in open marine facies sediments along with the cosmopolitan agnostid species Glyptagnostus reticulatus (Angelin), 1851, serving as a marker of the lower boundary of upper Cambrian strata in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart and the General Stratigraphic Chart of Russia. The species N. trisulcatus and N. australica are found slightly above Glyptagnostus reticulatus. Representatives of the genus Nganasanella are a link between strata of different facies containing different trilobite associations. Their stratigraphic position can serve as an argument for the correlation of the Kulyumbean Regional Stage with units containing Glyptagnostus reticulatus, i.e., the Omnian and Idamean regional stages, the lower parts of the Kutugunian Horizon and the Sakian Regional Stage, and the Paibian Stage of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart.
Mental Imagery Interventions to Promote Face Covering Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Conroy Dominic
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has witnessed wide-ranging efforts to minimize the spread of the virus and to protect those most vulnerable to becoming unwell following viral infection. Core COVID-19 preventive measures include social distancing, regular hand washing and wearing face coverings in public places. Understanding links between social cognitive factors relating to beliefs/skills is important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as this can suggest which factors might be targeted via behavior change interventions to promote adherence to COVID-19 preventative behaviors. In this context, mental imagery exercises - self-directed imagining an anticipated outcome or processes linked to a defined behavior/activity - offer a well evidenced, relatively simple behavior change intervention. In the mental imagery invention reported in this protocol, individuals will be randomly assigned to one of four separate conditions (outcome imagery, process imagery, outcome and process imagery, control).MethodsThe primary objective of this randomized controlled study is to assess the effectiveness of a mental imagery intervention on face covering behavior, as a defined core COVID-19 preventative behavior. Participants will consist of UK-based adults of any age. Participants will be randomized to complete an ‘outcome imagery’ or a ‘process imagery’ exercise, both exercises (i.e. a combined condition) or neither exercise (i.e. a control condition). A total of 260 individuals will be recruited into the study. Outcomes for all study condition arms will be assessed at baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and at a 1-month follow-up (T3). The primary outcome is frequency of face covering behavior at T2 and T3. Secondary outcomes include intervention effects on face covering attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioral control and barrier self-efficacy at T2 and T3. Putative moderators of intervention effects are conscientiousness, narcissism and ‘light triad’ personality traits. DiscussionThis trial will contribute toward the currently sparse evidence base concerning behavior change techniques designed to promote COVID-19 preventative behaviors in general population and targeted settings. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (U.S. National Library of Medicine), NCT04583449. Retrospectively registered on 20 October 2020.
A Reliability and Validity Study of the electronic Health Literacy Scale Among Stroke Patients in China
Authors: He Yu , Guo Lina , Liu Yanjin , Zauszniewski Jaclene A. , Wei Miao , Zhang Gege , Lei Xiaoyu
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study was designed to attain Chinesization of the electronic Health Literacy Scale and to examine the reliability and validity for evaluating compliance and effectiveness of electronic health literacy among stroke patients in China.Design: This is a cross-sectional design.Methods: A demographic questionnaire, the electronic Health Literacy Scale（e-HLS）and the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) were administered to a sample of 648 patients with ischemic stroke recruited from November to December 2020 in a tertiary hospital.Results: The Cronbach’α coefficient on the e-HLS-CHI was 0.907. Kappa consistency coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.691(p<0.05). The Content Validity Index (CVI) indicated that the content of this scale was considered to be meaningful. Three factors were extracted by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), accounting for 90.84% of the total variance. The factors loading on 19 items ranged from 0.806 to 0.944. Confirmatory Factory Analysis (CFA) revealed that three factors of e-HLS-CHI fit well ( NFI = 0.979, RFI = 0.955, IFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.972, CFI=0.987, RMSEA = 0.070, CMIN/DF= 2.586). Good simultaneous validity was suggested by the positive correlation of 0.94 (p<0.001) between the e-HLS-CHI and eHEALS. When using eHEALS as the standard, the area under the ROC curve of e-HLS-CHI was 0.896 (95% CI: 0.831-0.960, p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity were 97.8% and 70.4% respectively, indicating that it has good predictive validity.Conclusions: The e-HLS can be used to evaluate electronic health literacy of stroke patients in China after translation and debugging.Impact: This study proves that e-HLS can be used in strokep atients in China. And it can be considered for the investigation of other types of patients and provide new ideas for disease prevention.
Obtaining the relativistic formula for the refraction of light and the practice of its application
Authors: Chernov Andrey
Published: July 2021

The aim of this scientific study was to obtain a new physical formula for determining the refractive indices of light as a function of wavelength, which can be applied to the widest range of transparent substances. This study was based on the hypothesis of the dependence of the speed of propagation of photons inside matter on the density of electron clouds of atoms of matter. In the course of research on the basis of Einstein's relativistic formula, this dispersion formula was obtained. The new physical formula was used to calculate 26 refractive indices of light in 5 transparent substances in three states of aggregation. Comparison of the obtained indicators with laboratory indicators showed the high accuracy of the new dispersion formula, which amounted to T10 -7h10 -5 in the calculated wavelength ranges of more than 100 nm. The successful application of the relativistic formula to processes occurring at the atomic level allows us to look at the nature of the interaction of light and matter from a new angle.
An Investigation on the Promoting Effect of Pr Modification on SO2 Resistance Over MnOx Catalysts for Selective Reduction of NO with NH3
Authors: Zhai Guangpeng , Han Zhitao , Du Huan , Gao Yu , Pan Xinxiang
Published: July 2021

Manganese oxides (MnOx) exhibit excellent low-temperature activities in SCR reaction of NO with NH3, and they are considered as a promising catalyst for future application. However, MnOx still suffer from poor resistance to SO2 and H2O. In this work, Pr was used to modify MnOx catalysts via co-precipitation process, and MnPrOx catalyst exhibited superior SO2 resistance over pure MnOx catalyst. A series of characterization techniques, such as XRD, BET, H2-TPR, XPS, TG and in-situ DRIFTS, were adopted to explore the promoting effect of Pr modification on SO2 resistance over MnOx catalyst in detail. The results indicated that, in the presence of SO2 in feed gas, it seemed that PrOx rather than MnOx were apt to react with SO2, which was favorable to protect Mn active sites on the catalyst surface to some extent. It was known that there was strong competitive adsorption between SO2 and NH3/NO species on SCR catalyst surface. In-situ DRIFTS results revealed that the adsorption of NH3 and NO on MnOx catalyst had been severely suppressed after the introduction of SO2, resulting in the relevant SCR reactions following either L-H or E-R mechanisms would be inhibited obviously. But for Pr-modified MnOx catalyst, the introduction of SO2 almost had no effect on the adsorption of NH3 on catalyst surface, while it exerted a relatively noticeable impact on the adsorption of NO. As a result, SCR reactions occurred on Pr-modified MnOx catalyst surface could still proceed in a near-normal way through E-R rather than L-H mechanisms. Therefore, Pr modification on MnOx catalyst exhibited a distinctively promoting effect on SO2 resistance performance in SCR process.
One year of cyclic unrest in a hydrothermal field as a harbinger of a volcanic eruption
Authors: Flovenz Olafur , Wang Rongjiang , Hersir Gylfi , Dahm Torsten , Hainzl Sebastian , Vassileva Magdalena , Drouin Vincent , Heimann Sebastian , Isken Marius , Gudnason Egill , Augustsson Kristjan , Agustsdottir Thorbjorg , Horalek Josef , Motagh Mahdi , Walter Thomas , Rivalta Eleonora , Jousset Philippe , Krawczyk Charlotte , Milkereit Claus
Published: July 2021

One year of deformation and seismicity prior to a volcanic eruption in March 2021 at an oblique plate boundary in Iceland created a unique opportunity to study the interaction between upwelling magma and geothermal processes. We apply poroelastic modelling to explain satellite geodetic data showing three uplift and subsidence cycles at the Svartsengi geothermal field and use gravity data to constrain the density of intruded material. We use recordings on optical cable to generate a high-resolution earthquake catalogue and developed new waveform stacking and migration methods to detect and locate 39,500 earthquakes. The resulting model explains the geodetic, gravity, and seismic data by magmatic derived gas intruded into a horizontal sealed aquifer at 4 km depth in the roots of the geothermal field at the top of up-doming brittle-ductile boundary. The total injected volume is estimated 9.5·107m3 with optimal density of 840 kg/m3. Our results suggest upward migration of three packages of volcanic gas along the brittle-ductile boundary from a subcrustal magmatic source 8–10 km east of the geothermal field, with important implications for the dynamics leading to the eruption.
Salvage Treatment of Acute Respiratory Failure after Transcomposite Myocutaneous Flaps Transplantation for Chronic Empyema Combined with Chest Wall Sinus: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Lei , He Zhongliang
Published: July 2021

BackgroundChronic empyema with chest wall sinus is a complex and refractory disease caused by multiple factors.It may be combined with bronchopleural fistula, residual bone and other necrotic tissue,causing local infection difficult to control, and the disease is a vicious circle.Case presentationThis paper reports a 62-year-old male patient who underwent right pneumonectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung 11 years ago and began to develop empyema with purulent sinus in the anterior chest wall 3 years ago. Therefore, he was admitted to our medical center for further treatment. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed the right pleural effusion with the chest wall rupture sinus. According to his clinical symptoms and imaging examination, he was diagnosed as chronic empyema with chest wall sinus.Due to the large empyema cavity,the patient should be treated with free vastus lateralis musculocutaneous flap combined with pedicled pectoralis major muscle flap transplantation.After the operation, acute respiratory failure occurred due to left lung aspiration pneumonia.ConclusionsAfter a series of treatment measures such as tracheal intubation, tracheotomy, anti-infection, maintenance of circulatory stability, and rehabilitation training, he was finally rescued and cured.Follow-up after discharge showed that the tissue flap survived and empyema was eliminated.
Acceptability and Safety of Thermal Ablation to Prevent Cervical Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Metaxas Tania , Kenfack Bruno , Sormani Jessica , Tincho Eveline , Makajio Sophie Lemoupa , Wisniak Ania , Vassilakos Pierre , Petignat Patrick
Published: July 2021

Background - The World Health Organization recommends thermal ablation as an alternative to cryotherapy to treat women with precancerous lesions in low-resource settings. However, limited data are available on women’s experience and adverse events (AEs) of the procedure in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and safety of thermal ablation in women screened positive for precancerous cervical lesions.Methods - Asymptomatic women aged 30-49 years old living in the Dschang Health District were invited to participate in a cervical cancer screening campaign termed “3T-Approach" (for Test-Triage and Treat). Recruited women were asked to perform HPV self-sampling followed by triage with visual assessment and treatment with thermal ablation if required. After treatment and 4-6 weeks later, interviews were conducted to assess women’s experience on anxiety, discomfort, and pain during thermal ablation. AEs were recorded on pre-defined electronic forms 4-6 weeks after treatment to assess the procedure’s safety.Results - Between September 2018 and January 2020, 399 HPV-positive women (18.7% of women screened) were recruited, 236 (59.1%) had a positive visual assessment, 234 were treated by thermal ablation and 198 (84.6%) received therapy in the same visit. Treatment was not considered as painful (score ≤4/10) by 209 (90.9%) patients while 5 (2.5%) reported high pain (score 8-10/10). During post-treatment interviews 4-6 weeks later, most reported AEs were graded mild or moderate (grade I-II). The most frequent symptoms reported as mild AEs (grade 1-2) were vaginal watery discharge (75.5%), vaginal bloody-stained discharge (21.5%) and malodourous discharge (14.5%). None of the participants experienced serious AEs (grade 3-4) or AEs requiring admission to hospital or emergency consultation. The vast majority of women (99.6%) would agree to repeat the procedure if necessary and (99.6%) would recommend it to friends or family. Conclusion - Thermal ablation is widely accepted by women and appears as a safe procedure. It may contribute to improving the link between screening and treatment in a single visit and to optimizing cervical cancer control in low-resource settings.Trial registrations: The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03757299) in November 2018 (28/11/2018).
Treatment Strategy of Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Retrospective, Nationwide Study
Authors: Yokoyama Satoshi , Nakagawa Chihiro , Hosomi Kouichi
Published: July 2021

PurposeChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common adverse events of cancer treatment; however, no drug is recommended for the prevention of CIPN. In Japan, several drugs such as Gosha-Jinki-Gan and duloxetine have been frequently administered for the treatment of CIPN. The aim of this study was to elucidate prescription patterns of drugs administered for the treatment of CIPN caused by oxaliplatin and the association between these drugs and the duration of oxaliplatin treatment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective nationwide study using the JMDC administrative claims database (January 2005–June 2020). Patients newly treated with oxaliplatin were identified, and prescription patterns of CIPN medication including Gosha-Jinki-Gan, pregabalin, duloxetine, mecobalamin, and mirogabalin were investigated. The primary outcome was the duration of oxaliplatin treatment. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between CIPN medication and duration of oxaliplatin treatment.ResultsA total of 4,739 patients who newly received oxaliplatin were identified. Of these, 759 (16.0%) had received CIPN medication. Duloxetine was administered in 99 (2.1%) patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that CIPN medication was significantly associated with the prolonged duration of oxaliplatin treatment (odds ratio: 2.35, [95% confidence interval: 1.99-2.77]).Conclusion﻿Real-world data demonstrated that the administration rate of CIPN medication was higher in patients who underwent oxaliplatin treatment for over 6 months. Increasing administration preference of duloxetine and conducting prospective studies to verify the causal relationship between CIPN medication and prolonged duration of oxaliplatin treatment are needed.
YKL-40 Enhanced the Permeability of HDMECs with Histamine Through Activating Akt and p38 Pathways
Authors: Zhou Peimei , Fu Lixin , Chen Tao , Wang Lin , Lu Yonghong , Wang Wenju , Zeng Shihua , Li Lin , Han Li
Published: July 2021

Background, YKL-40 is currently considered as an important marker of endothelial dysfunction. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common vascular skin disease. The increased vascular permeability play an important role in the occurrence and pathogenesis of CSU.Objective, the aim of this study is to explore the role of YKL-40 on the permeability of HDMECs.Methods, in this study, the mRNA level of YKL-40 in human mast cell line (HMC-1) were detected by RT-PCR. The effects of YKL-40 on vascular permeability, VE-cadherin release, VE-cadherin disruption in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) were investigated by transwell, ELISA or immunofluorescence. The phosphorylation of VE-cadherin, p38 and Akt, in histamine plus YKL-40 treated HDMECs were detected by Western Blot.Results, we found that YKL-40 significantly promoted the permeability changes and leaded to the released, disruption of VE-cadherin in HDMECs induced by histamine. Furthermore, YKL-40 also enhanced the Akt and p38 pathways. Conclusion, we suggest that YKL-40 may serve as pro-permeability cytokines, and play a role in the pathogenesis of CSU. This study will help to further elucidate the pathogenesis of CSU and provide a new target for the development of anti-histamine resistance drugs for CSU.
Contextual Factors Influencing Physicians’ Perception of Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care in Germany - A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Queder Annika , Arnold Christine , Wensing Michel , Poß-Doering Regina
Published: July 2021

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide challenge for health services and systems alike. To reduce the overuse of antibiotics, multifaceted interventions are often used to achieve sustainable effects. It can be assumed that these effects are influenced by contextual factors. Embedded in the cluster randomized trial ARena (Sustainable reduction of antibiotic-induced antimicrobial resistance), the aim of this present study was to identify contextual factors associated with practitioners’ perceptions of antibiotic prescribing in German primary health care. Methods: In a prospective observational study, data were generated in a three-wave survey study between January 2018 and July 2019. Analysis was performed using logistic regression models. The outcome of interest was the physician perceived impact of participating in the ARena project on decision-making regarding antibiotic prescribing, the independent variables of interest included individual characteristics, intervention arm allocation, primary care network (PCN) environment and characteristics of the medical practice.Results: 46.8% (n= 126) of participants indicated to have perceived an impact on their decision-making regarding antibiotic prescribing by participating in the ARena project. Bivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that work experience (odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.006–1.103), PCN environment (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.256–3.363), structural conditions (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.161–2.371), environment of existing processes (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.011–2.094), and externally defined general conditions (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.035–2.378) were associated with physicians’ perceived impact of participating in the ARena project on decision-making regarding antibiotic prescribing. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only work experience OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.001–1.104) continuously showed a significant influence.Conclusions: This study indicates that contextual factors at individual, practice, and system level influence physicians’ perceptions of antibiotic prescribing. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN58150046 (registered 13.09.2017).
The Efficacy of PI3Kγ and EGFR Inhibitors on the Suppression of the Characteristics of Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Xu Yanning , Afify Said M. , Du Juan , Liu Bingbing , Wang Qing , Li Hanbo , Liu Yixin , Fu Xiaoying , Zhu Zhengmao , Chen Ling , Seno Masaharu
Published: July 2021

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are capable of continuous proliferation, self-renewal and are proposed to play significant roles in oncogenesis, tumor growth, metastasis and cancer recurrence. We have established a model of CSCs that was originally developed from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) by proposing miPSCs to the conditioned medium (CM) of cancer derived cells, which is a mimic of carcinoma microenvironment. Further research found that not only PI3K-Akt but also EGFR signaling pathway was activated during converting miPSCs into CSCs. In this study, we tried to observe both of PI3Kγ inhibitor Eganelisib and EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib antitumor effects on the models of CSCs derived from miPSCs (miPS-CSC) in vitro and in vivo. As the results, targeting these two pathways exhibited significant inhibition of cell proliferation, self-renewal, migration and invasion abilities in vitro. Both Eganelisib and Gefitinib showed antitumor effects in vivo while Eganelisib displayed more significant therapeutic efficacy and less side effects than Gefitinib on all miPS-CSC models. Thus, these data suggest that the inhibitiors of PI3K and EGFR, especially PI3Kγ, might be a promising therapeutic strategy against CSCs defeating cancer in the near future