bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homo- and heterobimetallic transition metal cluster derived from [Cp*Fe(η5-E5)] (E = P, As) – unprecedented structural motifs of the resulting polypnictogen ligands
Authors: Dinauer Sabrina B. , Szlosek Robert , Piesch Martin , Balázs Gábor , Reichl Stephan , Prock Lukas , Riesinger Christoph , Walter Marc D. , Scheer Manfred
Published: May 2024

A general synthetic procedure to neutral homo- and heterobimetallic cage compounds exhibiting various structural motifs of the polypnictogen ligands starting from [Cp*Fe(η5-E5)] (E = P (1), As (2); Cp* = C5Me5) is reported.
Structural subtleties and catalytic activity of sodium aminophenolate complexes in polylactide degradation: towards sustainable waste management solutions
Authors: Nizioł Edyta , Marszałek-Harych Aleksandra , Zierkiewicz Wiktor , John Łukasz , Ejfler Jolanta
Published: May 2024

This study provides insights into how sodium aminophenolate complexes, through structural manipulation and ligand design, catalyze the efficient and environmentally friendly degradation of polylactide (PLA).
Recent research progress of selenotungstate-based biomolecular sensing materials
Authors: Zhang Yan , Cheng Zhendong , Zeng Baoxing , Jiang Jun , Zhao Junwei , Wang Miao , Chen Lijuan
Published: May 2024

Recent progress of electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors of selenotungstate-based materials was summarized. This overview could provide insights for the continuous development of polyoxometalate-based biosensors.
Sulfur-regulated metal–support interaction boosting the hydrogen evolution performance of Ru clusters in seawater at industrial current densities
Authors: Tang Ranran , Yan Ping , Zhou Yitong , Yu Xin-Yao
Published: May 2024

Ru nanocluster-anchored sulfur and nitrogen co-doped carbon hollow spheres exhibit high hydrogen evolution reaction performance in alkaline real seawater.
Extraction, purification and anticancer activity studies on triterpenes from pomegranate peel
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Zhang Yutao , Guo Xu , Chen Yingying , Li Huimin , Zhou Guihua , Sun Shutao , Ren Qidong , Simal-Gandara Jesus , Sun Jinyue , Li Ningyang , Liu Chao
Published: May 2024

This study is the first to enrich and prepare triterpenes from pomegranate peel, as well as study the anti-tumor mechanism by network pharmacology, which has great significance for the treatment of cancer and high-value use of pomegranate peel.
Protective effects of l-theanine and dihydromyricetin on reproductive function in male mice under heat stress
Authors: Yang Difei , Xu Kaihang , Wang Wenmao , Chen Peijian , Liu Chao , Liu Sha , Xu Wei , Xiao Wenjun
Published: May 2024

Study of the protective effects of LTA and DHM on the reproductive function of male mice under HS conditions and the underlying mechanisms, to provide scientific evidence for these substances to be used as functional food ingredients against HS.
Performance of Azolla pinnata fern protein hydrolysates as an emulsifier and nutraceutical ingredient in an O/W emulsion system and their effect on human gut microbiota and mammalian cells
Authors: Qoms Mohammed S. , Arulrajah Brisha , Wan Ibadullah Wan Zunairah , Ramli Nurul Shazini , Chau De-Ming , Sarbini Shahrul Razid , Saari Nazamid
Published: May 2024

Azolla fern protein hydrolysate (AFPH) demonstrates dual functionality as a plant-based emulsifier with strong biological activities in an oil/water emulsion system and promotes healthy changes in the human gut microbiota.
Role of aptamer technology in extracellular vesicle biology and therapeutic applications
Authors: Chowdhury Rocky , Eslami Sadegh , Pham Cuong Viet , Rai Alin , Lin Jia , Hou Yingchu , Greening David W. , Duan Wei
Published: May 2024

This review summarizes how aptamers (chemical antibodies) at the molecular level propel the advancement of the application of nano-scaled extracellular vesicles in nanotechnology and medicine, highlighting the latest developments since 2023.
On the origin of the improved hydrogen evolution reaction in Mn- and Co-doped MoS2
Authors: Orgiani Pasquale , Braglia Luca , Polewczyk Vincent , Nie Zhiwei , Lavini Francesco , Punathum Chalil Shyni , Chaluvadi Sandeep Kumar , Rajak Piu , Morabito Floriana , Dobovičnik Edvard , Foglietti Vittorio , Torelli Piero , Riedo Elisa , Ciancio Regina , Yang Nan , Aruta Carmela
Published: May 2024

MoS2 films doped with Mn and Co metal cations show better HER properties. Using in situ resonant photoemission spectroscopy, we obtained direct evidence of the Mn and Co effects on the electronic properties in improving MoS2 functionality.
Strong anisotropic third-harmonic generation in layered violet phosphorus
Authors: Xia Chuansheng , Huang Chaoyang , Zhang He , Xu Wenxiong , Zhang Jinying , Gu Bing , Li Yuanyuan , Xu Hua , Xu Chunxiang , Cui Qiannan
Published: May 2024

Strong third-harmonic generation (THG) is observed in layered violet phosphorus (VP). Polarization-resolved THG reveals its anisotropic, nonlinear optical response, which can be utilized to determine the lattice orientation optically.
Carbon carrier-based rapid Joule heating technology: a review on the preparation and applications of functional nanomaterials
Authors: Ding Xinrui , He Zihan , Li Jiasheng , Xu Xiaolin , Li Zongtao
Published: May 2024

Fundamentals of the CJH technique and its application in preparing a wide range of materials.
Visualizing the cellular internalization of therapeutic antibodies via pH-sensitive release of AIEgen
Authors: Han Zai-Gang , He Kaifeng , Zheng Yi , Qian Linghui
Published: May 2024

One-step fluorogenic labeling of antibody drugs for wash-free imaging of their cellular internalization in living cells.
Enantioselective synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarins via N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed β-arylation/cyclization of α-bromoenals
Authors: Liang Yu-Jing , Gao Yuan-Yuan , Han Hua-Bo , Li Lu , Liu Lantao
Published: May 2024

4-Aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarins are one of the most important structural motifs.
A one-pot approach towards polycarbonate-b-polyester block copolymers via chemoselective polymerization catalyzed by a one-component phosphonium borane Lewis pair
Authors: Li Yutao , Kou Xinhui , Wang Xiaowu , Xia Lin , Li Zhibo
Published: May 2024

Chemoselective polymerization from a mixture of l-LA, CHO and CO2 enables the synthesis of PLLA, PCHC or PCHC-b-PLLA achieved by PBB-Br. The chemoselectivity depends on the nature of the growing polymer chain end.
Computational analysis of R–X oxidative addition to Pd nanoparticles
Authors: Polynski Mikhail V. , Vlasova Yulia S. , Solovev Yaroslav V. , Kozlov Sergey M. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: May 2024

A computational elucidation of the mechanism of R–X oxidative addition to Pd nanoparticles revealed high activity at the edges of nanoparticles and identified key intermediates before and after oxidative addition.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of cleistocaltone A, an inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Authors: Wiese Lorenz , Kolbe Sophie M. , Weber Manuela , Ludlow Martin , Christmann Mathias
Published: May 2024

The first chemical synthesis of the phloroglucinol meroterpenoid cleistocaltone A (1) is presented.
Localized self-assembly of macroscopically structured supramolecular hydrogels through reaction–diffusion
Authors: Sun Mengran , Bai Shengyu , Wang Hucheng , Li Zhongqi , Wang Yiming , Guo Xuhong
Published: May 2024

Macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels self-assemble through localized reaction–diffusion, prompted by proton release from PDMS. Growth rate and gel shape are controlled by adjusting precursor and HCl concentrations and PDMS shape.
A review on MXene-based microwave absorption composites: engineering, component optimization and structure regulation
Authors: Ma Yizhi , Wei Sainan , Liu Ruixue , Sun Luning , Wang Wei
Published: May 2024

This paper classifies MXene-based materials by composition and structure, showing that multicomponent designs and structural modulation enhance absorption. The paper also discusses future directions for MXene MA composites.
Two-photon interference and the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect
Authors: Vest Benjamin , Jacubowiez Lionel
Published: May 2024

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) experiment is a landmark in quantum optics. A labwork version of this famous twophoton interference effect was developed at Institut d’Optique for students in engineering and MSc tracks. The setup enables the observation of the iconic HOM “dip” and the measurement of photon indistinguishability.
Factors Associated with Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Focus on Athletes Who Desire Preinjury Level of Sport
Authors: Kawanishi Yusuke , Kobayashi Makoto , Yasuma Sanshiro , Fukushima Hiroaki , Kato Jiro , Murase Atsunori , Takenaga Tetsuya , Yoshida Masahito , Kuroyanagi Gen , Kawaguchi Yohei , Murakami Hideki , Nozaki Masahiro
Published: May 2024

In most previous studies investigating return to preinjury level of sport (RTPS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), whether patients continue aiming for RTPS not only before but also after ACLR was unclear because environmental and social factors were not considered. Herein, we aimed to evaluate factors associated with RTPS among athletes who desired to achieve RTPS even after ACLR, excluding patients who no longer desire this goal owing to environmental and social factors. Ninety-two patients who underwent primary double-bundle ACLR with a minimum 2-year follow-up and desired to achieve RTPS before surgery were retrospectively enrolled. Twelve (13%) patients who no longer desired to achieve RTPS after ACLR owing to environmental and social factors were excluded. Sixty-nine patients were included in the final cohort. At the final follow-up, the patients were split into two groups: those who achieved (R group) or did not achieve (N group) RTPS based on patient self-assessment. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Lysholm scores were also determined. The anterior tibial translation in the Lachman test and acceleration and external rotational angular velocity (ERAV) in the pivot shift test were measured at the hardware removal operation. Significant differences were observed for preinjury level of sports between the groups (p < 0.05). The rate of RTPS in competitive athletes was lower than that in recreational athletes (20/46: 43% vs. 16/22: 73%; p =.037). Lysholm score, KOOS symptom, pain, and quality of life showed higher values in the R group than in the N group (p < 0.050). Acceleration was significantly lower in the R group than in the N group (p = 0.028). Competitive level of sports is a risk factor for failure to achieve RTPS. The postoperative functional outcomes in the group that achieved RTPS showed more favorable results. These results provide important information to enable the surgeons to consider the appropriate surgical plan for competitive athletes who desire to achieve RTPS after ACLR.
Assessment of colonoscopy skill using machine learning to measure quality: Proof-of-concept and initial validation
Authors: Wittbrodt Matthew , Klug Matthew , Etemadi Mozziyar , Yang Anthony , Pandolfino John E. , Keswani Rajesh N.
Published: May 2024

Background and study aims Low-quality colonoscopy increases
cancer risk but measuring quality remains challenging. We developed an automated, interactive
assessment of colonoscopy quality (AI-CQ) using machine learning (ML).

Methods Based on quality guidelines, metrics selected for AI
development included insertion time (IT), withdrawal time (WT), polyp detection rate (PDR),
and polyps per colonoscopy (PPC). Two novel metrics were also developed: HQ-WT (time during
withdrawal with clear image) and WT-PT (withdrawal time subtracting polypectomy time). The
model was pre-trained using a self-supervised vision transformer on unlabeled colonoscopy
images and then finetuned for multi-label classification on another mutually exclusive
colonoscopy image dataset. A timeline of video predictions and metric calculations were
presented to clinicians in addition to the raw video using a web-based application. The model
was externally validated using 50 colonoscopies at a second hospital.

Results The AI-CQ accuracy to identify cecal intubation was 88%.
IT (P = 0.99) and WT (P = 0.99) were
highly correlated between manual and AI-CQ measurements with a median difference of 1.5
seconds and 4.5 seconds, respectively. AI-CQ PDR did not significantly differ from manual PDR
(47.6% versus 45.5%, P = 0.66). Retroflexion was correctly
identified in 95.2% and number of right colon evaluations in 100% of colonoscopies. HQ-WT was
45.9% of, and significantly correlated with (P = 0.85) WT
time.

Conclusions An interactive AI assessment of colonoscopy skill can
automatically assess quality. We propose that this tool can be utilized to rapidly identify
and train providers in need of remediation.
It Is Necessary to Pay Attention to Where the Pcom Originate from the Aneurysm to Treat with FD
Authors: Fujii Takashi , Teranishi Kohsuke , Mitome-Mishima Yumiko , Kitamura Takayuki , Wada Kojiro , Kondo Akihide , Oishi Hidenori
Published: May 2024

Objective With the expansion of indications of flow diverter (FD) for cerebral aneurysms, FD placement for posterior communicating artery (Pcom) aneurysms has been approved. However, it is controversial whether Pcom aneurysms should be treated with FD or not. In this study, we report the outcome of FD treatment for Pcom aneurysms in Japan.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 36 patients with 38 aneurysms treated with FD placement for Pcom aneurysms between 2015 and 2021 in our hospital. We divided our cases into complete occlusion (CO) and non-CO groups. And we extracted contributing factors to CO using multivariate analysis. We also compared the complications rate among the three types of FDs.

Results CO was obtained in 29 cases (79.3%), and complications were observed in 3 cases (7.9%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the type of Pcom branch from the aneurysmal dome was a significant factor contributing to CO (odds ratio: 0.0052, 95% confidence interval 0.000048–0.584, p = 0.029). In terms of complications, complication rate was significantly higher in the Flow-Redirection Endoluminal Device (FRED) group (p = 0.0491).

Conclusion The outcome for Pcom aneurysms treated by FD was acceptable. When treating, we must pay attention to where Pcom originates. Achieving CO with FD is difficult for aneurysms where the Pcom branches from the dome. Furthermore, when treating Pcom aneurysms with FRED, it is necessary to be careful about thromboembolic complications.
Heterogeneity in Liver Cancer Immune Microenvironment: Emerging Single-Cell and Spatial Perspectives
Authors: Li Caiyi Cherry , Liu Meng , Lee Hsin-Pei , Wu Wenqi , Ma Lichun
Published: May 2024

Primary liver cancer is a solid malignancy with a high mortality rate. The success of immunotherapy has shown great promise in improving patient care and highlights a crucial need to understand the complexity of the liver tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Recent advances in single-cell and spatial omics technologies, coupled with the development of systems biology approaches, are rapidly transforming the landscape of tumor immunology. Here we review the cellular landscape of liver TIME from single-cell and spatial perspectives. We also discuss the cellular interaction networks within the tumor cell community in regulating immune responses. We further highlight the challenges and opportunities with implications for biomarker discovery, patient stratification, and combination immunotherapies.
Teaching marketing analytics: a pricing case study for quantitative and substantive marketing skills
Authors: Skiera Bernd , Jürgensmeier Lukas
Published: May 2024

This article describes a data-driven case study for teaching and assessing students’ skills in marketing analytics, specifically in pricing. This case study combines teaching econometrics to analyze data and substantive marketing to derive managerial insights. The econometric challenge requires students to set up and implement a regression analysis to derive the demand function, detect multicollinearity, and select appropriate data visualizations. The substantive challenge requires deriving optimal pricing decisions and understanding how the parameters of the demand function impact optimal prices and the associated profit. We test the case study in a marketing analytics exam and discuss the performance of 134 students. Beyond assessing student performance in an exam, the case study facilitates teaching through in-class group work or assignments. Free of charge, under a liberal CC BY license, we encourage other educators to use the case study in their teaching. We provide the necessary data and a sample solution using the statistical programming language R.
Design and hardware verification of photovoltaic converter based on adaptive P&O with snubber and BJT circuits
Authors: Zhong Yiming , Xu Shizhou , Yao Jingying
Published: May 2024

The efficient utilization of renewable energy is a key technology area of high domestic and international concern, and the research and development of DC–DC photovoltaic converters with high conversion efficiency is of great significance for improving performance and reducing the cost of solar power generation systems. In order to improve the conversion efficiency of solar energy, this paper proposes the design of a high-efficiency photovoltaic DC–DC converter with a non-isolated DC–DC converter as the object of the study. Solar power conversion is accomplished by designing a simple and reliable snubber circuit and a triode auxiliary circuit and tracking the maximum power point by combining the perturbation observation method with variable step size. The snubber circuit can effectively suppress the problems of pulse spikes and oscillations, and the triode auxiliary circuit prevents the reverse current and improves the switching speed, which reduces the switching loss and combines with the perturbation observation method with variable step size for fast and stable tracking of the maximum power point. In order to verify the feasibility of the converter, a 600 W prototype is designed. The experimental results show that using the snubber circuit reduces the pulse spike by 4.2 V and the overshoot is reduced by 4.3%. The maximum conversion efficiency is increased by 0.88% with the use of the transistor-assisted circuit, and the tracking efficiency of the MPPT is still stable under cloudy conditions. The maximum conversion efficiency of the prototype is finally measured to be up to 98.12%.
Protocol for the controlled reproduction of the edible frog Aubria subsigillata in aquaculture hatcheries in the Republic of Benin
Authors: Gansa Houénafa A. C. , Akélé Geraud D. , Agadjihouèdé Hyppolite
Published: May 2024

Context Aubria subsigillata is such a highly valued, edible species for the citizens of Benin that over exploitation has led to a rarefaction of wild populations. Aims The aim of captive breeding is to develop breeding protocols and farming practices for the species which will reduce hunting pressure on wild populations. Methods The methodology consisted of determining the concentration of ovulatory hormone and its method of injection into the breeding stock, followed by in vitro fertilisation of the unfertilised eggs of the females by the spermic urine of the males to determine the optimum injection method, hormone concentration for ovulation and sperm collections, and the development of in vitro fertilisation protocols using gametes obtained via the aforementioned methodologies. Key results Results indicated that 0.2I U/g concentration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist administered intrafemorally enabled spontaneous release of spermic urine and ova in the breeding animals. The latency time between injection and collection of gametes was 13 h in males and 27 h in females at a temperature of 28.5°C. Females laid an average of 172 eggs weighing 1 mg mass. Conclusions Aubria subsigillata is a frog that reproduces using stimuli (hormone), and in vitro fertilisation resulted in a high rate of fertilised eggs. Implications Artifical reproduction in A. subsigillata is carried out in five phases: (1) selection of mature broodstock; (2) hormonal injection; (3) gamete collection; (4) in vitro fertilisation; and (5) incubation. However, work should continue on improving the egg hatching rate.
Giant Magneto-Optical Effect in van der Waals Room-Temperature Ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2
Authors: Zhang 张 Xiaomin 晓敏 , Wang 王 Jian 健 , Zhu 朱 Wenkai 文凯 , Zhang 张 Jiaqian 佳茜 , Li 李 Weihao 伟浩 , Zhang 张 Jing 菁 , Wang 王 Kaiyou 开友
Published: May 2024

The discovery of ferromagnetic two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdWs) materials provides an opportunity to explore intriguing physics and to develop innovative spin electronic devices. However, the main challenge for practical applications of vdWs ferromagnetic crystals lies in the weak intrinsic ferromagnetism and small perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) above room temperature. Here, we report the intrinsic vdWs ferromagnetic crystal Fe3GaTe2, synthesized by the self-flux method, exhibiting a Curie temperature (T
C) of 370 K, a high saturation magnetization of 33.47 emu/g, and a large PMA energy density of approximately 4.17 × 105 J/m3. Furthermore, the magneto-optical effect is systematically investigated in Fe3GaTe2. The doubly degenerate E
2g (Γ) mode reverses the helicity of incident photons, indicating the existence of pseudoangular-momentum (PAM) and chirality. Meanwhile, the non-degenerate non-chiral A
1g(Γ) phonon exhibits a significant magneto-Raman effect under an external out-of-plane magnetic field. These results lay the groundwork for studying phonon chirality and magneto-optical phenomena in 2D magnetic materials, providing the feasibility for further fundamental research and applications in spintronic devices.
Understanding metal bonding
Authors: Heine Volker , Chen Siyu
Published: May 2024

This theoretical discussion covers several effects of metallic bonding based on a simple formula. It comes from the first steps in the Moment Method for calculating the local electronic structure of a solid (such as at a surface or in a random alloy), and depends on the square root of the total coordination number C of near neighbours. Each atom is covalently bonded to its cluster of near neighbours as a whole. The properties of metals touched on include malleability, crystal structure and phase transitions, vacancy formation energy, surface catalysis, surface reconstruction, graphite stability, and some aspects of the benzene molecule seen as an atomic metal ring. In most of these, the ‘saturation’ type of curvature of the square root function plays a crucial role. A short historical survey indicates the development of the ideas from Bloch (1929 Z. Phys.
52 555) to recent times.
Kazdan–Warner problem on compact Riemann surfaces with boundary
Authors: Xu Jie
Published: May 2024

In this article, we prove that on any compact Riemann surface

(
M
,
∂
M
,
g
)

with non-empty smooth boundary

∂
M

and a Riemannian metric g, (i) any

K
∈

C
∞

(
M
)

is the Gaussian curvature function of some Riemannian metric on M; (ii) any

σ
∈

C
∞

(
∂
M
)

is the geodesic curvature of some Riemannian metric on M. These geometric results are obtained analytically by solving a semi-linear elliptic equation

−

Δ

g

u
=
K

e

2
u

on M with oblique boundary condition

∂
u

∂
ν

=
σ

e

u

. One essential tool is the existence results of Brezis–Merle type equations

−

Δ

g

u
+
A
u
=
K

e

2
u

in

M

and

∂
u

∂
ν

+
κ
u
=
σ

e

u

on

∂
M

with given functions

K
,
σ

and some constants

A
,
κ

. In addition, we rely on the extension of the uniformization theorem given by Osgood, Phillips and Sarnak.
Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks for predicting dynamic responses and application in piezoelectric energy harvesting
Authors: Liao Yabin , Qian Feng , Zhang Ruiyang , Kumar Priyanshu
Published: May 2024

Long Short-Time Memory (LSTM) deep neural networks are capable of learning order dependence in sequence problems and capturing long-term, non-linear temporal dependencies between the input and out of a system. With the long-term vision to model dynamical systems to which analytical or numerical methods are impossible or difficult to apply, this paper presents a study of modeling system dynamics and predicting responses using the LSTM networks, which have demonstrated excellent capability in predicting single-mode responses in a prior study. However, the LSTM network exhibits difficulties in modeling and predicting multi-mode responses accurately. To resolve the multi-mode issue, this paper presents an approach that obtains an equivalent network consisting of a set of sub-networks learned on isolated modes, and demonstrates its effectiveness on a simulated 2-degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper system of nonlinear Duffing springs. The second part of the paper is focused on the application of the proposed approach in piezoelectric energy harvesting. Experiments are conducted on a harvester subjected to random base-motion excitation and exhibiting nonlinearity in its multi-mode response. Both the direct and mode-separation LSTM modeling approaches are applied to predict the output voltage given a random base-motion excitation. The mode-separation approach outperforms the direct approach significantly, and yields an excellent match between the actual and predicted responses. Specifically, for a test electrical voltage response of RMS value 0.2241 V, the difference between the actual test and predicted responses by using the mode-separation approach has an RMS value of 0.0504 V, compared to 0.1645 V obtained by using the direct LSTM approach. It is also much lower than the RMS value of 0.1835 V obtained by using the attention-based LSTM network, another comparison method. Leveraging a deep learning strategy, the validated approach opens up opportunities for accurately modeling energy harvesting systems of high complexities and/or strong nonlinearities.
Step-edge-guided nucleation and growth mode transition of α-Ga2O3 heteroepitaxy on vicinal sapphire
Authors: Hao 郝 Jinggang 景刚 , Zhang 张 Yanfang 彦芳 , Zhang 张 Yijun 贻俊 , Xu 徐 Ke 科 , Han 韩 Genquan 根全 , Ye 叶 Jiandong 建东
Published: May 2024

Controlling the epitaxial growth mode of semiconductor layers is crucial for optimizing material properties and device performance. In this work, the growth mode of α-Ga2O3 heteroepitaxial layers was modulated by tuning miscut angles (θ) from 0° to 7° off the (

10

1
¯

0

) direction of sapphire (0002) substrate. On flat sapphire surfaces, the growth undergoes a typical three-dimensional (3D) growth mode due to the random nucleation on wide substrate terraces, as evidenced by the hillock morphology and high dislocation densities. As the miscut angle increases to θ = 5°, the terrace width of sapphire substrate is comparable to the distance between neighboring nuclei, and consequently, the nucleation is guided by terrace edges, which energetically facilitates the growth mode transition into the desirable two-dimensional (2D) coherent growth. Consequently, the mean surface roughness decreases to only 0.62 nm, accompanied by a significant reduction in screw and edge dislocations to 0.16×107 cm−2 and 3.58×109 cm−2, respectively. However, the further increment of miscut angles to θ = 7° shrink the terrace width less than nucleation distance, and the step-bunching growth mode is dominant. In this circumstance, the misfit strain is released in the initial growth stage, resulting in surface morphology degradation and increased dislocation densities.
Characteristics of the Alfvénic activity during the current quench in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Heinrich P. , Papp G. , Lauber Ph. , Pautasso G. , Dunne M. , Maraschek M. , Igochine V. , Linder O. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: May 2024

ASDEX Upgrade has developed multiple massive gas injection (MGI) scenarios to investigate runaway electron (RE) dynamics. During the current quench of the MGI induced disruptions, Alfvénic activity is observed in the 300–800 kHz range. With the help of a mode tracing algorithm based on Fourier spectrograms, mode behaviour was classified for 180 discharges. The modes have been identified as global Alfvén eigenmodes using linear gyrokinetic MHD simulations. Changes in the Alfvén continuum during the quench are proposed as explanation for the strong frequency sweep observed. A systematic statistical analysis shows no significant connection of the mode characteristics to the dynamics of the subsequent runaway electron beams. In our studies, the appearance and amplitude of the modes does not seem to affect the potential subsequent runaway beam. Beyond the scope of the 180 investigated dedicated RE experiments, the Alfvénic activity is also observed in natural disruptions with no RE beam forming.
Suitability of AA 7075 and Glass Fiber Materials for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Rama Krishna K.B. , Siriyala Rajesh , Rama Murty Raju P. , Rama Pavan Kumar Varma I , Harsha N.
Published: May 2024

The primary thing considered while designing an aircraft is to find the right proportion of the vehicle weight and payload. Spars, ribs, and stringers are the main structural components of the aircraft wing. In this paper, the rib is designed using the CATIA solid modelling software with different geometrical optimization and is then analyzed in ANSYS. Aluminium Alloy 7075 and Glass fiber were the materials considered during the analysis. Modal, Structural and Fatigue analysis were performed on the object to determine the natural frequencies, stresses developed, and max. number of cycles a material can withstand respectively.
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Viscoelastic properties of Kenaf, Basalt and Carbon Fiber reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Polymer Composites
Authors: Indra Reddy M. , Manikanth V. , Madhava Rao S. , Santosh P.V.CH.R.K.
Published: May 2024

In this study, a hybrid polymer composite reinforced with natural fibers such as Kenaf and Basalt, as well as carbon fiber was developed and analyzed for mechanical properties of the composite with varying fiber content and orientation. The composites were made using a hand layup process in which the plies were alternately stacked. Further, specimens were cut from the fabricated laminate according to ASTM standards. For the tensile and flexural test was conducted using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). It is noticed that a hybrid composite made up of both natural fibers and carbon fiber has shown greater strength than a composite made up of only natural fibers with the same volume percentage of fiber. Furthermore, it is observed that the hybrid fiber composite in equal proportion is shown maximized strength.
Experimental Studies on Polyester - Titanium Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Madhusudan S , Mudunuri Rajesh , Bhargavi R , Ajay Kumar V
Published: May 2024

In the present work an attempt has been made to fabricate Polyester based Titanium Functionally Graded Materials. Titanium particles are produced through conventional filing operation, by rotating Titanium rod of 50 mm diameter on lathe machine. Filing operation has been carried out at 650 rpm using a course file. The obtained powder was demagnetized to remove the foreign material related iron. Powders are subjected to sieving operation to get desired range of particle size i.e 300 microns. FGMs with 2.5 gm, 5 gm and 10 gm titanium by weight are fabricated through sedimentation technique. The quality of the FGMs is examined through liquid penetrant non-destructive testing. FGMs are tested and analyzed from density, hardness and optical microscopy point of view. Obtained results are compared and analyzed.
Acoustical-Debye Temperature-Surface Tension & Redlich Kister Coefficient Studies In Multifunctional Material Combination Of Glycerol
Authors: Sridevi G. , Fakruddin Babavali Sk.
Published: May 2024

Debye temperature and surface tension analyses were conducted on mixtures of glycerol and paraxylene materials, consisting of the whole range of mole fractions of glycerol. T= (318.15, 313.15, 308.15, and 303.15,) K was the temperature range in studies. Through a meticulous examination of the similarities in Debye temperatures and the disparities in viscosity and surface tension, they demonstrate interactions between molecules between the individual molecules that made up these liquid mixtures and the molecular contributions to the fluctuations in thermal energy in binary liquid mixtures. These interactions are explained by the derived results.
Exploring Entropy Minimization in Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Significant Quadratic Radiation and Lorentz Forces: A Non-Fourier Heat Flux Analysis
Authors: Prakash Gowd Poojari , Kathyayani Gandrakota
Published: May 2024

The real-world applications of fluid flow across an exponentially extended sheet are manifold, encompassing crystal formation, paper manufacture, and the cooling of metallic sheets. The primary aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive theoretical analysis on the behaviour of a hybrid nanofluid flow through an exponentially extended sheet under the influence of quadratic thermal radiation, non-Fourier heat flux and magnetic field. The initially presented equations have been simplified to a set of ODEs, and the bvp4c solver has expertly found solutions to these. Validated the results (of engineering parameters including friction coefficient) obtained using the bar graphs by using Multiple linear regression. It has been noted that a greater magnitude of magnetic field is associated with a temperature enrichment. It is found that higher values of Brinkman number lead to a greater rate of entropy generation. It has been shown that the thermal relaxation parameter (Γ) and magnetic field parameters (M) exert distinct influences on the rate of heat transmission. It is detected that the Nusselt number enhances by 0.700996 (when 0 ≤ Γ ≤ 0.6) and the same declines by 0.14086 (when 0 ≤ M ≤ 3.5). Within the range of 0 ≤ M ≤ 3.5, it is seen that the friction factor exhibits a decline with a notable rate of 1.41843.
Three-dimensional profilometry for tool wear area using modulation-based structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Hu Chang’an , Wang Xi , Xie Zhongye , Lv Fei
Published: May 2024

A new approach named modulation-based structured-illumination microscopy (MSIM) is presented in this paper to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) topography of the tooltip, which can be used to evaluate the degree of wear. In MSIM, the modulation estimation of the reflected patterns characterizes the surface profile. This technique can reconstruct the 3D profile precisely and something that conventional computer vision and imaging analysis cannot achieve. Importantly, an ordinary objective lens is used in the measurement system to take the image of the sample. So, the measurement system is simple and cheap. The theoretical analysis and experiments conducted on the tooltip are presented. The measurement repeatability can reach 500 nm. This method holds promise for applications in tool wear monitoring, wear mechanism analysis, and micromachining.
Study on insulator defect detection based on improved YOLOv8
Authors: Liu Dengchao
Published: May 2024

Given the problems of poor detection effect in aerial insulator images resulting in poor detection effect, a multi-defect detection algorithm for aerial insulators based on improved YOLOv8 is proposed. The algorithm first changed the FPN structure to BiFPN by introducing the upsampling and downsampling connections in the upstream and downstream of the feature pyramid, to enhance the interaction and information flow between characteristics at different scales. Secondly, the SPPF is improved by using the LSKA attention mechanism to enhance the ability to extract multi-scale features. Finally, for the detection of tiny fine particles, this paper reheavys the decoupling head and the lightweight decoupling head, extracts the key information above the space and channels, and implements a lower inference latency while maintaining accuracy. The algorithm detects the normal glass insulator, glass sheet dirt, glass sheet defect, polymer sheet dirt, polymer sheet defect, and polymer insulator in the aerial image, and simultaneously detects the flashover of the insulator. The experimental results show that the network used in the insulator defect data set detection accuracy (mAP) reached 87.8%, which increased by 2.6% compared to the benchmark model, and the calculation amount (GFLOPs) decreased by 24%. At the same time, after lightweight model parameters are reduced by 32%, based on the accuracy of the subsequent deployment of lightweight requirements, we can better detect insulators of different scales and different conditions.
Environmentally friendly gas-filled cabinet trace SF6 gas detection technology based on GA-BP model
Authors: Lin Jianqin , Feng Liang , Ma Zhenyu , Zheng Zhiyao , Liang Jiaming , Li Jialing , Yang Hanpeng
Published: May 2024

In order to build a green and low-carbon power grid, the State Grid takes the SF6 gas content in the low-pressure gas filling cabinet in the small gas chamber as an important detection index. The existing SF6 gas on-site detection technology consumes a lot of gas, and the gas density of the gas chamber decreases significantly after repeated detection in the low-pressure gas filling cabinet, which affects the insulation performance. In order to solve the above problems, a quantitative gas extraction detection technology for tracing SF6 gas in environmentally friendly inflatable cabinets based on a neural network model was proposed. Through theoretical analysis and PCCs calculation, it is verified that the output electrical signal of the pyroelectric probe at different times in the quantitative gas extraction mode has a linear relationship with the SF6 gas concentration. The experimental results show that the two neural network models can accurately output SF6 gas concentration in the quantitative gas intake mode, the main performance indicators of the GA-BP neural network model are good, and the maximum relative error is -2.7%, which is significantly better than the BP neural network model.
Multi-scale reciprocal consistency learning for semi-supervised left atrial segmentation
Authors: Yuan Enze , Zhao Bin , Ding Shuxue
Published: May 2024

Accurate and enough labels are crucial to constructing an excellent deep-learning framework in processing medical scans. However, the expensive cost of medical labels greatly impedes this process. In this case, semi-supervised learning has shown great potential due to its efficient use of unlabeled data. Therefore, we present a novel multi-scale reciprocal consistency network (RC-NET) to utilize the unlabeled data more efficiently for more accurate 3D left atrial segmentation. Our model consists of a common encoder and two independent decoders with inconsistent up-sampling. The decoders generate feature maps of hidden layers at different resolutions during the up-sampling process. Lower-resolution features typically contain local and detailed information, while higher-resolution features involve global or abstract information. Subsequently, we applied consistency learning to these feature maps. By combining local and global semantic information, the model can obtain a comprehensive understanding of the segmentation targets. The experimental data indicate the MRC-Net outperforms many semi-supervised learning methods. It achieves more accurate segmentation results by efficiently utilizing unlabeled data. This provides a completely new approach to improving semi-supervised learning.
Hand-eye calibration of line structured-light sensor based on double-sphere constraints
Authors: Ruan Yisheng , Deng Zhengping , Hao Fei , Chen Ruwen
Published: May 2024

Aiming at the complex problem of solving the positional relationship between the line laser sensor at the end of the robot wrist and the coordinate system of the end flange, a line laser hand-eye calibration method based on a double ball fixed target is proposed. Firstly, a double standard ball with known radius and center distance is used as a reference tool, and the point cloud data of a single contour line is collected several times, and the coordinates of the two ball centers under the camera coordinate system can be obtained according to the center coordinates of the circle obtained from the fitted circle combined with the Pythagoras theorem. Then, according to the principle that the two spherical centers are fixed under the robot base coordinate system, the rigid transformation matrix between the line laser sensor and the robot is successively solved. When solving the rotation matrix, the constraint of the distance between the spherical centers of the two balls is introduced to obtain a solution with better accuracy. Experimental results show that the method has better overall performance compared with the traditional single-ball hand-eye calibration method.
A face recognition and temperature compensation system based on Raspberry Pi
Authors: Shi Jing , Xu Zhenhao , Chen Yi , Wang Bo , Wang Qisong , Liu Dan
Published: May 2024

In the post-epidemic era, for quickly and accurately screening people with abnormal body temperature in small crowds and providing efficient methods for epidemic control, a multi-functional identification thermometer was designed and produced. The device uses the Raspberry PI GIS camera to accurately locate the face and identify the identity information of the measured person. The device uses the AMG8833 infrared array thermal sensor for infrared temperature measurement and the HC-SR04 ultrasonic ranging module for temperature compensation. Through multiple temperature compensation experiments, the measurement error is maintained between ±0.2°C. Based on the mathematical model of temperature compensation, the device can match the identity of people with abnormal body temperature through the database. The research results show that the device is of great significance for improving the efficiency of epidemic prevention and management cost control.
Fabrication and characterization of diamond nitrogen-vacancy center through argon ions etching
Authors: Zang Xiaokui , Cao Zhiqiang , Liu Jing , Tong Guanghua , Wang Han
Published: May 2024

The diamond nitrogen-vacancy center with a negative charge (NV−) exhibits exceptional optical properties and enables highly sensitive detection of multiple physical quantities. The development of a simple and efficient method for fabricating NV− centers in diamonds holds significant importance in promoting their widespread application. The fabrication method of NV− centers is explored in this work, utilizing high-energy photons emitted by argon ions to induce vacancies in type Ia diamond substrates. The processed samples are optical characterized, and the characteristic peak and zero phonon line corresponding to the NV− center can be observed in Raman and photoluminescence spectra respectively. The concentration of NV− centers in samples could reach up to 153.9 ppb, estimated by integrating the fluorescence intensity of the photoemission spectrum. The samples exhibit the spin characterization of NV− centers, which achieve a maximum contrast of 1.5% in the optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra.
An adaptive label assignment scheme for slender object detection
Authors: Yin Zongyu , Yu Yiheng , Hou Bowen , Shang Penghui , Hong Yifan , Yu Yutian , Liu Ke
Published: May 2024

Slender objects have a large aspect ratio and are generally oriented, resulting in poor performance of current general detectors on slender object detection tasks. Therefore, an adaptive label assignment scheme for slender object detection is proposed in this paper. Specifically, the central axis prior to positive training samples is proposed to make the final position distribution of positive training samples more reasonable. Secondly, it is proposed that the number of positive training samples of slender objects could be further increased to solve the problem of positive training sample imbalance between slender objects and regular objects. Experimental results on the MS COCO dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bio-capped multifunctional CuO nanoparticles via Knautia arvensis for dye removal, antibacterial and antifungal efficiency, and molecular docking
Authors: Sazak Cansu , Attar Azade , Ari Yuka Selcen , Altikatoglu Yapaoz Melda
Published: May 2024

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) synthesized using Knautia arvensis flower extract in an environmentally friendly and one-step procedure were characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, SEM and DLS. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of CuONPs were determined using E. coli, S. aureus and A. niger. In silico antibacterial and antifungal evaluation of CuONPs were performed by molecular docking analysis using chitin deacetylase of A. niger, topoisomerase IV of E. coli and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase of S. aureus. The best binding energy was determined using these microbial targets in molecular docking analyses and the antimicrobial mechanisms between the microorganism and the CuONP were elucidated. The degradation potential of Remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR) and Napthol blue black (NBB) dyes in the presence of CuONPs were investigated. The peak obtained at 289 nm as a result of UV–vis analysis revealed the presence of CuONPs. The spherical morphology of CuONPs and the particle size varying between 88–289 nm were visualized by SEM. DLS analysis pointed out the mean diameter of CuONPs was 189 nm along with the PDI value of 0.324. The 600 and 595 cm−1 vibrations attained in the FT-IR spectroscopy showed the presence of CuONPs. In addition, the presence of phenolic compounds found in the plant extract responsible for bio-capping of copper ions into CuONPs were enlightened by the FT-IR analysis. Dye degradation activity of CuONPs was found as 69% and 71% using NBB and RBBR at 50 °C in 90 min, respectively. Antifungal and antibacterial interactions of CuONPs with chitin deacetylase of A. niger, topoisomerase IV of E. coli and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase of S. aureus were analyzed in order to reveal the antimicrobial mechanisms of CuONPs and it was found that CuONPs demonstrate significant interactions with those proteins with binding energies −7.25, −7.14 and −7.89 kcal mol−1, respectively.
Alternative cliques of coexisting species in complex ecosystems
Authors: Aguadé-Gorgorió Guim , Kéfi Sonia
Published: May 2024

The possibility that some ecosystems can exist in alternative stable states has profound implications for ecosystem conservation and restoration. Current ecological theory on multistability mostly relies on few-species dynamical models, in which alternative states are intrinsically related to specific non-linear dynamics. Recent theoretical advances, however, have shown that multiple stable ‘cliques’—small subsets of coexisting species—can be present in species-rich models even under linear interactions. Yet, the mechanisms governing the appearence and characteristics of these cliques remain largely unexplored. In the present work, we investigate cliques in the generalized Lotka–Volterra model with mathematical and computational techniques. Our findings reveal that simple probabilistic and dynamical constraints can explain the appearence, properties and stability of cliques. Our work contributes to the understanding of alternative stable states in complex ecological communities.