bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grande Otelo/Sebastião e a luta dos negros no Brasil
Authors: Pereira dos Santos Tadeu
Published: May 2020

O texto problematiza como Sebastião Bernardes de Souza Prata(1915-1993), conhecido como Grande Otelo, foi lidando com o racismo e o preconceito ao longo de sua trajetória de vida, especialmente no cenário artístico brasileiro, lócus de sua atuação e, sobretudo, espaço em que conquistou um lugar de destaque na cena cultural do país. A historicidade do seu fazer, desfazer e refazer ao longo de quase 80 anos de sua existência, permitiu-me percebê-lo em seu processo de constituição e reconstituição e colocar em evidência a fluidez de sua identidade, denotando plurais significações de si, dimensionados pelos tempos e espaços que experimentam e que conferem sentido à sua vivênciasocial. Evidencio as táticas e astúcias utilizadas por ele, no enfrentamento para se manter no referido meio, haja vista que a sua experiência elucida às contradições de uma sociedade, em que reserva aos negros lugares subalternos, embora o mesmo se valendodas brechas produzidas transforma-seem íconedo cinema brasileiro. A aceitação e reconhecimento não são sinônimos, na medida em que a sua presença, por quase, sessenta anos, na cena cultural do país, possibilitou-o trabalhar nas diversas escolas do cinema, teatro e TV do século XX, mas não legou-lhe, nem em vida e nem após a sua morte, o devido tratamento como ator e nem como sujeito social.
Preconceito, ideologia e antipetismo nas páginas de direita do Facebook no ano eleitoral de 2014
Authors: Batista Ramos Eliana
Published: May 2020

As redes sociais ocupam um lugar de destaque na sociedade contemporânea. Elas podem se configurar como oportunidades de relacionamentos interpessoais tanto quanto como canais de disseminação de ideias, ideologias sociopolíticas e preconceitos. Uma das redes sociais mais populares do mundo, o Facebook, será evidenciada nesse artigo como, para além de um espaço de sociabilidades, um campo privilegiado de disputas políticas e ideológicas que ajudam a manter o poder da classe hegemônica. Neste texto, a propagação de concepções embasadas no preconceito e as disputas incitadas pelos posicionamentos contrários ao Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), serão enfocadas, assim como a conflituosa dualidade Esquerda/Direita, observada no ano eleitoral de 2014 nas páginas do Facebook.
História e Teoria Queer
Authors: Silveira Cássio Rodrigues da
Published: May 2020

Resenha do livro "História & teoria queer", publicado pela Editora Devires, em 2018.
Representações míticas e heroicizadas de D. Pedro II no presente
Authors: Alcântara Mauro Henrique Miranda de
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo busca analisar, em diferentes narrativas sobre D. Pedro II, no tempo presente, o quão mitificado e heroicizado é por elas. O faz a partir de leituras teóricas e historiográficas que evidenciam a construção de heróis como estratégia e função da/na história do Brasil. Verifica-se a perpetuação de narrativas sobre o Imperador retirado, por vezes, do seu ambiente histórico, e transformado em exemplaridade para o presente. Desta maneira, estas narrativas sobre o monarca o constroem a partir de figurações míticas e/ou heroicizadas.
Editorial
Authors: Albuquerque: revista de história Editores de
Published: May 2020

Editorial de albuquerque: revista de história, v. 11, n. 22, jul. - dez. 2019.
O desenvolvimento das Instituições Psiquiátricas no Rio Grande do Sul até 1950
Authors: Cruz Lisiane Ribas
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo propõe trazer à margem quais as instituições psiquiátricas fundadas até o ano 1950 no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), e quais as pesquisas produzidas por historiadores de formação sobre essas instituições. Buscamos fazer essa análise por meio de duas partes: a primeira sobre as referências historiográficas sobre o Hospital Psiquiátrico São Pedro (HPSP) e sua formação; e a segunda parte a respeito das pesquisas acadêmicas existentes sobre as instituições psiquiátricas criadas posteriormente ao HPSP, revelando, em parte, os desdobramentos da História Psiquiátrica no RS.
Cool Parent Syndrome; Redefining Cool
Authors: Amgain Ganesh
Published: May 2020

Parenting style also called parental behaviour is the way parents generally relate to their children.1 It is the overall emotional climate in which parents raise their children. It has been divided into four different categories; Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive and Uninvolved. Experts recommend parents to follow authoritative parenting styles to the most effective one. But in Nepalese context, authoritarian parenting style runs among the families. Researches have shown that Nepalese parenting style could not be incorporated into a single parenting style as suggested by Baumrind.2 Present day’s parents in Nepalese context, with all the education and modernization, not setting clear rules for the children, and provision of more than enough freedom is found to be cool. Most of the parenting studies only find the correlation between parenting styles and outcomes rather than cause and effect. That’s why, rather than sticking to the specific type of parenting style or be cool with them, it’s crucial to take time and be able to connect to them and address the needs of the children.

Keywords: Parenting styles, Cool Parents, Cool Parent Syndrome
Pain in Separation of the Molars among the Orthodontic patients
Authors: Manandhar Pushkar , Rajbhandari Anjana , Pradhan Resina , Bajracharya Manju , Maharjan Surendra
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Pain has been the most common and foremost reason for discontinuing the orthodontic treatment. The patients usually experience pain in Orthodontic treatment during separator placement, wire placement, headgear wear, and rapid palatal expansion. Placement of orthodontic separators (brass wire, elastomeric, spring-type steel separators, and latex elastics) results in a painful experience. Therefore the purpose of the study is to assess the pain perception among the patients seeking orthodontic treatment.

Methods: This study was carried out amongst 120 (53 male and 67 female) patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Elastomeric separators were placed mesially and distally to the first molars and the participants were given a self-administrated Universal pain assessment Tool to document perceived pain and pain upon chewing, using a visual analog scale for seven days. Total scores were calculated and descriptive statistics in the form of a number (mean) and percentage were calculated.

Results: This study showed a mean score for perceived pain of each day to be 7.16, 7.1, 6.05, 4.67, 3.69, 2.88, and 2.27 respectively with a mean of 4.831 +/- 1.273. Similarly, the mean score for pain on chewing was 8.21, 7.53, 6.62, 5.19, 4.38, 3.65, and 3 with a mean of 5.5119 +/- 1.269.

Conclusions: There was a significant difference in pain perception among the male and female participants, females having higher pain perception. There was a significant difference in pain perception between the Adolescent and Adult in both normal life and during eating.
Embalming – History to its Recent Advancements
Authors: Shrestha Sunil , Bhattarai Saru , Mahat Samyog , Jha Manisha , Amgain Kapil
Published: May 2020

Embalming as art and science of preserving dead bodies with postponing decomposition using embalming fluid. The method of preservation of cadavers is natural and non-natural. This study involves an extensive search of journal articles to access the trend of development of embalming technique that was developed after many trials and errors. In this paper, we have briefly discussed about the past, present and upcoming future technique of cadaver preservation with recent advances and modification. We also would like to recommend that new internationally recognized standard on embalming technique should be developed so that cadavers were excellently preserved and color remains natural.
Spinal Anesthesia for Removal of Thoraco-Lumbar Pedicle Screw
Authors: Gyawali Nirmal Kumar
Published: May 2020

Background: Spinal anesthesia compared to the general anesthesia has advantages of decreased blood loss, better cardiovascular stability, and postoperative pain control. This study was designed to evaluate pedicle screw removal at the lateral position under spinal anesthesia.

Methods: It is a prospective study done in patients with ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologist) I and II with ages between 17 to 75 years of both sex admitted for pedicle screw removal surgery during the period   March 2018 to April 2019 AD in Western Hospital and research center Nepalgunj. All patients were informed about the risk of conversion to general anesthesia in detail. Spinal anesthesia was given to all 83 patients who came for pedicle screw removal.

Result: Out of all patients 54% were from Hills and the remaining 46% were from Terai. The commonest cause of injury was fall from a tree which was in 48 (57.8%) out of 83 cases. The commonest level of injury was L1 followed by L2. The operation was completed under spinal anesthesia. None of the patients required conversion to general anesthesia. And 69 (83.1%) patients did not require any additional medications whereas the remaining 14 (16.86%) needed additional medications.

Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia is the safe and effective anesthetic technique for short duration spinal surgery eg pedicle screw removal in terms of perioperative events and in prolonged postoperative analgesia, as well as in terms of patient and surgeon’s satisfaction.
Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Ropivacaine over Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Ghimire Ramesh , Gyawali Madhu
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is widely recognized as an alternative to general anesthesia for the surgery in lower extremities, perineum or lower body wall.  The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of hyperbaric Bupivacaine over hyperbaric Ropivacaine .

Materials and Methods: We enrolled 60 patients of either sex, ASA grade I &II who were randomly allocated in two groups. Group-B received 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine with glucose 8% and Group-R received 3ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Ropivacaine glucose 8.33%. The various parameters of the subarachnoid block, hemodynamic variables, recovery from sensory and motor blockade and side effects were studied.

Result: The time to onset of maximum sensory block level was faster in Bupivacaine (9.10±3.90min) than in Ropivacaine (10.87±5.37min) and statistically not significant. The time to 5 segments regression was faster in Ropivacaine (116.00±29.72min) than Bupivacaine (143.50±18.76min) and the time to S2 level regression of sensory block was faster in Ropivacaine (154.00±27.84min) than Bupivacaine (186.00±18.73min). The time to onset of the maximum motor was faster with Bupivacaine (8.70±3.19min) as compared to Ropivacaine (13.10±4.40min) The time to regression of motor block by 1 grade was faster with Ropivacaine (97.00±26.64min) than Bupivacaine (146.50±23.53min) and the time to complete regression of motor block was faster with Ropivacaine (149.00±30.75min) than Bupivacaine (183.50±19.96min).

Conclusion: The hyperbaric Ropivacaine (3ml, 0.5%) provides a reliable subarachnoid block of shorter duration than hyperbaric Bupivacaine (3ml, 0.5%) with stable hemodynamic parameters.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Films of Cetirizine Hydrochloride
Authors: Baniya Deepti Piya , Pandey Gaurav , Bajaracharya Mijala , Dhungana Bishwo Raj
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Fast-dissolving oral delivery system is a solid dosage form, which is used as a novel approach, as it dissolves rapidly in the mouth and directly reaches the systemic circulation. This facilitates rapid absorption and reduces first-pass effects. These films provide better utilization without the need to chew and do not require the need of water for administration. Fast-dissolving oral films might be useful in special patients like those with swallowing difficulties and in that in chemotherapy. This study was aimed to formulate and evaluate the fast dissolving oral films of Cetirizine Hydrochloride.

Methods: Oral films of Cetirizine Hydrochloride were prepared using Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC), Polyvinyl alcohol, glycerol, aspartame in different concentrations by the solvent casting method. Films were evaluated for different physical Films were subjected to USP dissolution studies.

Results: The drug content of the nine formulations was found to be in the range as per Indian Pharmacopeia. In vitro release studies indicated 60-91% release within 30 min in the formulated oral films. The best release was found to be 91.58% of formulation F7, having a minimum concentration of HPMC alone as a polymer along with other common ingredients and minimum release was found to be 60.01% of formulation F1. Surface pH was found to be near to neutral (pH 7) which was good for buccal mucosa.

Conclusion: Increasing the concentration of polymer (PVA and HPMC) while keeping the plasticizer ratio constant showed enhanced folding endurance. The dissolution rates were also increased with the increase in the concentration of the polymers. The high concentration of polymers decreased the release rate of cetirizine while a low concentration of polymers causes an increment in the release rate of cetirizine.
Successful Pregnancy after Previous Uterine Rupture
Authors: Tiwari Kenusha , Karki Aruna , Dangal Ganesh , Pradhan Hema , Shrestha Ranjana , Bhattachan Kabin , Paudel Rekha , Bajracharya Nishma , Bharati Sonu
Published: May 2020

Uterine rupture is a rare and catastrophic incidence with high maternal and fetal morbidity rates. It is most commonly seen in the scarred uterus. The unscarred uterus is least susceptible to rupture with the incidencebeing 1 in 8000 deliveries. In the past, pregnancy after uterine rupture was not widely advised and patients underwent hysterectomy or tubal ligation but with the evolving practice, women are motivated for pregnancy which can be successful with proper obstetric care and emphasis on time and mode of delivery. Here we present a case of 31 years old female, gravida-2 para-1 living 0 with previous uterine rupture after medical induction of labor with stillbirth 4 years ago. She underwent emergency laparotomy with the repair. The patient spontaneously conceived and had close antenatal care throughout the pregnancy. The patient was admitted at 34 weeks of gestation and kept under close surveillance. Corticosteroid was administered. She underwent spontaneous labor at 37 weeks of gestation and emergency cesarean section was planned, delivered via a breech presentation to a live baby of 2.4 kg, APGAR score of 8/10, 9/10 at 1 and 5 minutes.
Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak and the Strategy for Prevention
Authors: Sajed Ahmad Naeem , Amgain Kapil
Published: May 2020

The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is the novel disease of the respiratory system, causing the ongoing pandemic with flu-like symptoms. It is caused by a virus known as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2). This disease affected the entire world and various myths are circulating about its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The choice for diagnosis should be based on clinical and epidemiological factors and linked to an assessment of the likelihood of infection. A number of rapid diagnostic and serological tests are being used for the detection of suspected COVID-19 cases. However, the sensitivity and specificity of such newly marketed tests have not been evaluated and never up to standard yet. Therefore, it is not recommended any such immunochromatographic or serological rapid screening tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The most reliable diagnostic test to confirm COVID-19 is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) which is a molecular-based test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Eradication of highly contagious  SARS-CoV-2  Virus that causing the ongoing deadly pandemic  COVID-19,  demands individual attention and awareness are necessary regarding the route and mode of transmission across the bounders throughout the entire world.  Proper hand-washing, staying at the home and maintaining the social distance are proved to the most effective preventive measures and are immediate solutions to save human beings from this unseen enemy.
COVID-19 in Nepal: Scarcity of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and its Alternative
Authors: Panthy Laxmi , Panthi Jagadishwor , Amgain Kapil , Thapaliya Pooja , Laar Jos Van
Published: May 2020

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), which was first discovered in Wuhan, China in December 2019, puts an entire world under unprecedented danger. Powerful nations such as the United States of America and European Union countries having their hardest time to get sufficient medical protective gear, ensure market operation, and eventually to save people from dying of corona infection. To date, 213 countries have been affected. World Health Organization (WHO) has confirmed 123,010 deaths and 1914,916 cases with coronavirus positive as of 15 April 2020. It has created a global public health emergency. There is no specific prophylaxis or treatment available yet.  Hand washing, covering one's mouth when coughing, social distancing, self-isolation, and quarantine are preventive measures to hamper the spread of disease. Currently, Nepal has entered into the second phase of the outbreak. Health care workers (HCW) at the frontlines of the battle against COVID-19 are ill-equipped to treat coronavirus patients, due to not having adequate personal protective equipment in Nepal. Additionally, there is a shortage of PPE in the world market due to the aggressive buying of PPE globally. According to UNICEF, demand for protective gear used in response to COVID-19 has increased as high as 1000-2000 folds than of annual demand. Conclusion: In this global scarcity, locally made PPE has become another alternate way for Nepal.  Hence, some of the local garments, hospitals, and local rural municipalities have prepared and delivered to HCWs. Although these Nepal-made PPE are not as high quality as imported ones, they at least offer some protection to medical staff.   Recommendations: Following is our recommendation to the stakeholders:     Learn- from countries with the lowest mortality rate and best medical & preventive practices policies, as fast as possible. Alternative Approaches - are necessary to decrease the risk of exposure to HCWs and are safe for patient care in this global market scarcity of PPE. Solidarity- between richer and poorer countries is necessary. Cooperate globally - international cooperation between governments, scientists, corporations, and health care professionals is not only needed but also necessary to end this pandemic.
Dental Care Management: Till We Bid Farewell to Covid-19
Authors: Manandhar Pushkar , Manandhar Sajana Shrestha
Published: May 2020

The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan, China shook the whole world  Even though the overall mortality rate of the disease is 3.4% 1, 2, the exponential spread of the virus from China to other parts of the earth got the world into an abnormal global public health crisis. Despite the global effort to control the widespread of the disease, the community spread has been out of hand and declared pandemic with a public health emergency of international concern. The worst is the treatment and vaccine have not been found to date.  The Health Professionals have been working day and night on the front line to fight against the virus risking their own life. The oral health professionals, on the other hand, are at the highest risk due to the aerosols produced by saliva droplets 3. The possibility of the spread of these saliva droplets by inhalation, contamination with skin or mucous membranes, lodgments on the surfaces of the dental offices, or other dental materials used during the dental appointments and/or even the hand contamination could be a big threat to dental professionals 4. They are in risk not only they get infected but also become a carrier of the virus helping in the spread of it. Thus, this article intends to provide a brief introduction, symptoms and transmission routes of this novel infection along with specific recommendations for oral health practitioners for patient screening and management protocol, and infection control strategies.
Insekticid fipronil u proizvodima od peradi u Europskoj uniji
Authors: Đokić Maja , Sedak Marija , Bilandžić Nina
Published: May 2020

Fipronil je insekticid širokog spektra djelovanja koji se ubraja u skupinu fenilpirazola. Prvi je insekticid koji je djelovao ciljajući GABA (gama-aminomaslačnu kiselinu) receptor i imao povoljnu selektivnu toksičnost prema insektima, ali ne i sisavcima. U skladu s uredbom (EZ) br. 1107/2009. fipronil nije odobren u sredstvima za zaštitu bilja te je zabranjeno tretiranje životinja namijenjenih za prehranu ljudi u Europskoj uniji (EU). Najveća dopuštena količina (NDK) fipronila ustvrđena je prema Uredbi 396/2005. o maksimalnim razinama ostataka pesticida u i na hrani i hrani za životinje biljnog i životinjskog podrijetla te za jaja i meso peradi iznosi 0,005 mg/kg. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) klasificirala je fipronil kao umjereno opasan pesticid II klase. Konzumiranje malih količina fipronila izaziva mučninu, glavobolju, povraćanje, bol u želucu, slabost i vrtoglavicu. Nakon apsorpcije u ljudi distribuira se u tkiva i oslobađa aktivne metabolite koji se nakupljaju uglavnom u masnom tkivu. Eksperimenti na miševima pokazali su da produljena izloženost visokim dozama fipronila prouzroči rak štitnjače u mužjaka i ženki. Pojava fipronila u jajima u EU zabilježena je 2016. godine u Belgiji. Kao posljedica ustvrđene zlouporabe fipronila na farmama pilića, države članice EU i Europska komisija dogovorile su provedbu ad-hoc monitoringa na ostatke insekticida fipronila i drugih akaricida u jajima i mesu peradi. Europska agencija za sigurnost hrane (EFSA) objavila je izvješće o rezultatima monitoringa te su u ukupnoj količini od 5439 uzoraka jaja i mesa peradi u zemljama članicama EU i Islandu u 742 uzorka (13,6 %) ustvrđene količine veće od zakonski dopuštenih. Većina nesukladnih rezultata odnosila se na fipronil u uzorcima kokošjih jaja i masnog tkiva kokoši nesilica. U uzorcima iz Republike Hrvatske nisu ustvrđeni nesukladni rezultati. Uzorci koji su prekoračili zakonsko ograničenje bili su podrijetlom iz Nizozemske, Italije, Njemačke, Poljske, Mađarske, Francuske, Slovenije i Grčke. Članice EU su u kontroli proizvoda koji se upućuju na tržište EU nesukladne rezultate fipronila prijavljivale u razdoblju 2017.-2019. putem centralnog sustava brzog uzbunjivanja za hranu i hranu za životinje - RASFF. Ukupno je prijavljeno 128 različitih proizvoda s nesukladnim koncentracijama fipronila, a najviše se obavijesti odnosilo na jaja i proizvode od jaja. Pri tome je u okviru poduzetih mjera za čak 45 prijava provedeno povlačenje kontaminiranih jaja s tržišta, obavljeno je po 9 zapljena i 9 službenih pritvora. Na temelju ustvrđenih nesukladnih nalaza fipronila Europska komisija je prema Provedbenoj Uredbi Komisije (EU) 2019/533 uvrstila njegovu kontrolu u okviru koordiniranog višegodišnjeg programa kontrole EU za razdoblje 2020.-2022.
The Effect of Gargling with Aqueous Extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on the Oral Hygiene Status of Patients Wearing Fixed Orthodontic Appliance: A Clinical Study
Authors: Al duliamy Munad Jihad
Published: May 2020

Background: During the course of fixed orthodontic therapy, it is difficult to maintain high standard oral hygiene care by mechanical tooth cleaning only. Therefore, mouthwashes are commonly used as adjunct for mechanical tooth cleaning. Most of the mouthwashes are chemicals and have a wide range of side effects. Plant extracts have stood the test of time as safe inexpensive and available remedy for providing general health care. Objective: The present study attempted to evaluate the efficacy of gargling with aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on the oral hygiene status of patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: Eleven male patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were recruited in the study. All patients were given the same oral hygiene regimen during the study period. Clinical evaluation of OPI (orthodontic plaque index) and salivary streptococcus mutans count were recorded at the first activation visit (three weeks after placement of the orthodontic appliances) which considered the baseline visit and after one week of gargling with the extract. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS (version 21) using Paired Samples t-test. Result: The results of the statistical analysis revealed that, there were highly significant reductions in both OPI and salivary streptococcus mutans count after one week gargling with aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Conclusion: The present finding concluded that, aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) could be use as a promising ingredient in manufacturing mouthwashs and other dental supplies that contribute in maintaining good oral hygiene during the course of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
Studying the effect of different RPD design and materials on reduced bone support, a FEA study.
Authors: Mahmood Wasmaa S , Aziz Souza A , Jebouri Imad A
Published: May 2020

Aim of the study: To study the effect of reduced level of bone support on stress concentration and distribution. Also comparing the effect of different metals (gold, cobalt-chromium, and titanium) on alveolar supporting bone. Material and methods: A FEA method is used on a reduced bone support class I Kennedy classification, with three different rest positions (mesial, distal, mesial and distal) Co-Cr partial denture; Then changing the modulus of elasticity of the chrome-cobalt, to study the effect of gold and titanium alloy on the supporting bone surrounding the abutment in terms of stress distribution. Results: results revealed that best design type is by placing mesial and distal rest on abutment, also when comparing the three types of metals (Co-Cr, titanium, gold), there was no significant difference among the three metals.
Translucency of clear acrylic resin influenced by oil paints
Authors: Kati Firas A
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Clear acrylic resins are widely used in many applications in the field of dentistry such as removable complete and partial dentures. such materials are also used in the fabrication of scleral part of ocular prostheses when mixed with white oil paints. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the addition of oil paints on translucency of clear acrylic material. Materials and methods: The study included three main groups. Each group consists of 10 specimens. The concentration of white oil paints has increased from 1 ml to 2 ml, respectively. The translucency test was applied on all specimens. Results: The results showed that there was a significant decrease in translucency of acrylic following addition of white oil paints. Conclusion: the use of white paints has decreased the translucency of acrylic material. The adding of white oil paint at 1 ml to clear acrylic resin is necessary in the manufacture of the scleral part of ocular prostheses to match the colour of natural eye.
Retrospective analysis of malpositioned mandibular third molars in elderly patients
Authors: Anyanechi Charles E. , Saheeb Birch D
Published: May 2020

Objective: To determine the frequency of symptomatic malpositioned mandibular third molars in elderly patients. Method: An analytic study of hospital records of elderly patients with symptomatic impacted mandibular third molars over 17 years was undertaken. Information on demographics, types of impaction, reasons for surgical extraction, and complications after treatment were obtained. Those who were asymptomatic would be excluded from analysis. Results: Altogether, 6214 impacted mandibular third molars were isolated in 5, 431 patients. However, 436 (7.0%) symptomatic impacted teeth were recorded in 436 (8.0%) patients and these were extracted, while the rest, 5778 (93.0%) were asymptomatic. Males were greater than females in the ratio of 1.1:1. The frequency of occurrence of mesio-angular and vertical impactions were significant (P= 0.001) compared with disto-angular and horizontal. Periodontal disease was 211 (48.4%) of the case in addition to dental caries and its clinical sequelae 203 (46.6%) were significant reasons for extractions (P=0.000). The common postoperative complications were alveolar osteitis and hypersensitivity of the adjacent molar 22(68.7%) which related to surgical extraction of disto-angular impactions (P= 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed the older the patient the less likely malpositioned mandibular third molar suggesting that majority of such impactions do not cause pathology after many years of their presence in the oral cavity. Prophylactic extraction of malpositioned mandibular third molars in all patients should be discouraged, but each case should be treated on merit or when symptomatic.
Controlling the Microstructure and Texture Using Multidirectional Forging (MDF) to Develop a Low Corrosion Rate Mg Alloy
Authors: Bahmani Ahmad , Shin Kwang Seon
Published: May 2020

A new Mg alloy was cast, then extruded, and finally multidirectionally forged (MDF) at 180°C (MDF180) and 300°C (MDF300). The corrosion behavior was evaluated using electrochemical and immersion techniques. The mechanical property was assessed using tension and compression tests. The microstructures were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermodynamic calculations, while texture was studied by XRD and electron backscatter diffraction. Results indicated that due to grain refinement and good distribution of second phase after MDF, yield strength as well as elongation were improved. The corrosion rates were reduced for MDF180 due to the uniform distribution of the second phase along with uniform distribution of grains. Corrosion rate was more reduced for MDF300 due to dissolution of second phase and elimination of worked grains.
Human Factors Influencing Contractors' Risk Attitudes: A Case Study of the Malaysian Construction Industry
Authors: D.M Taofeeq , A.Q Adeleke , Ajibike W.A.
Published: May 2020

Malaysia is one of the most rapidly developing countries among developing nations. The construction industry has played a major role in Malaysia’s rapid economic growth. Among the major sectors in Malaysia, the importance of the construction industry is unique regardless of the level of the country’s development. However, the attitude of the construction industry in Malaysia towards managing contractors’ risk attitudes is very weak. The introduction of the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1994 by the Malaysian government made all industries in Malaysia to identify risks, conduct risk assessment and control risk. In addition, the Malaysian construction industry simultaneously implemented an integrated system to ensure consistency and better performance of projects. To identify the factors influencing contractors' risk attitudes, relevant literature was reviewed, and a questionnaire survey was conducted. This study focused on the G7 contractors operating in the Malaysian construction industry. One hundred and nineteen copies of a structured questionnaire were analysed with a response rate of 85%. Structural equation modelling was utilized to test the hypotheses developed for the study. Results showed that government policies played a moderating role in enhancing the relationship between human-related factors affecting contractors’ risk attitudes in the construction industry.
Development of a scale for factors causing delays in infrastructure projects in India
Authors: Edison J.C. , Singla Harish Kumar
Published: May 2020

The objective of the paper is to develop a validated scale to measure the factors that cause delays in infrastructure projects. The study employed a standard three phase scale development procedure of Churchill (1979) which was augmented subsequently by Nunnally, Bernstein and Berge (1994) and Prakash and Phadtare (2018). In phase one, 73 factors that cause delays were identified, which were reduced to 45 based on literature review and expert opinions. These 45 factors were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in phase two and three, respectively, to refine and establish convergent, discriminant and nomological validity of the scale. The study confirms that delays in infrastructure projects happen due to six factors, i.e., Contractor Related Factors (CON); Consultant Related Factors (CS); External Factors (EX); Labour Related Factors (LR); Material Related Factors (MT) and Design Related Factors (DJ). The study is particularly useful for the firms engaged in the development of infrastructure projects globally, as it identifies and ranks the factors that cause delays in a project. However, the study being confirmatory in nature only confirms the grouping of factors causing delays and is also limited by the possibility of sampling error.
Exploring anti-corruption capabilities of e-procurement in construction project delivery in Nigeria
Authors: Aduwo Egidario , Ibem Eziyi , Afolabi Adedeji , Oluwunmi Adedamola , Tunji-Olayeni Patience , Ayo-Vaughan Emmanuel , Uwakonye Uwakonye , Oni Aderonke
Published: May 2020

The use of electronic (e-­) procurement to support the execution of supply chain management activities in the different industrial sectors is permeating all regions of the world. However, in countries in sub-Saharan Africa where there is a significant level of corruption and unethical practices in the procurement process, there is a need for a better understanding of how e-Procurement can help to check the incidence of corrupt and unethical practices in construction project delivery. This study relied on a cross-sectional survey of 759 respondents, including architects, builders, engineers, estate/facilities managers, contractors, construction/project managers, quantity surveyors, supply chain managers and others to identify and analyse the anti-corruption capabilities of e-Procurement in construction project delivery in Nigeria. The results of the descriptive statistics, relative importance index and principal components analysis identified 18 anti-corruption capabilities in e-Procurement in construction project delivery with the three most important ones being the capability of e-Procurement to ensure good inventory management/record keeping; accountability by providing audit services trail and minimise direct human contacts during bidding. The key underlying dimensions of these capabilities include the advantage of e-Procurement over the traditional paper-based method; transparent bidding process and increase in competition in construction project delivery process. The findings of this study have implications, especially, on the use of e-Procurement to curb corruption in construction procurement activities.
An intercomparison of CH3O2 measurements by fluorescence assay by gas expansion and cavity ring-down spectroscopy within HIRAC (Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry)
Authors: Onel Lavinia , Brennan Alexander , Gianella Michele , Hooper James , Ng Nicole , Hancock Gus , Whalley Lisa , Seakins Paul W. , Ritchie Grant A. D. , Heard Dwayne E.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Simultaneous measurements of CH3O2 radical concentrations have
been performed using two different methods in the Leeds HIRAC (Highly
Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry) chamber at 295 K and in
80 mbar of a mixture of 3:1 He∕O2 and 100 or 1000 mbar of synthetic
air. The first detection method consisted of the indirect detection of
CH3O2 using the conversion of CH3O2
into CH3O by
excess NO with subsequent detection of CH3O by fluorescence assay by
gas expansion (FAGE). The FAGE instrument was calibrated for CH3O2
in two ways. In the first method, a known concentration of CH3O2
was generated using the 185 nm photolysis of water vapour in synthetic air
at atmospheric pressure followed by the conversion of the generated OH
radicals to CH3O2 by reaction with CH4∕O2. This
calibration can be used for experiments performed in HIRAC at 1000 mbar in
air. In the second method, calibration was achieved by generating a near
steady state of CH3O2 and then switching off the photolysis lamps
within HIRAC and monitoring the subsequent decay of CH3O2, which
was controlled via its self-reaction, and analysing the decay using second-order kinetics. This calibration could be used for experiments performed at
all pressures. In the second detection method, CH3O2 was
measured directly using cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) using the
absorption at 7487.98 cm−1 in the A←X (ν12) band
with the optical path along the ∼1.4 m chamber diameter.
Analysis of the second-order kinetic decays of CH3O2 by
self-reaction monitored by CRDS has been used for the determination of the
CH3O2 absorption cross section at 7487.98 cm−1, both at 100 mbar of air and at 80 mbar of a 3:1 He∕O2 mixture, from which σCH3O2=(1.49±0.19)×10-20 cm2 molecule−1 was determined for both pressures. The absorption spectrum
of CH3O2 between 7486 and 7491 cm−1 did not change shape when
the total pressure was increased to 1000 mbar, from which we determined that
σCH3O2 is independent of pressure over the pressure range
100–1000 mbar in air. CH3O2 was generated in HIRAC using either
the photolysis of Cl2 with UV black lamps in the presence of CH4 and O2 or the photolysis of acetone at 254 nm in the presence of O2. At 1000 mbar of synthetic air the correlation plot of
[CH3O2]FAGE against [CH3O2]CRDS gave a
gradient of 1.09±0.06. At 100 mbar of synthetic air the FAGE–CRDS correlation plot had a gradient of 0.95±0.024, and at 80 mbar of
3:1 He∕O2 mixture the correlation plot gradient was 1.03±0.05.
These results provide a validation of the FAGE method to determine
concentrations of CH3O2.
Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Wohl Charel , Brown Ian , Kitidis Vassilis , Jones Anna E. , Sturges William T. , Nightingale Philip D. , Yang Mingxi
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
are important for atmospheric chemistry. The emissions of biogenically
derived organic gases, including dimethyl sulfide and especially isoprene,
are not well constrained in the Southern Ocean. Due to a paucity of
measurements, the role of the ocean in the atmospheric budgets of
atmospheric methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde is even more poorly known. In
order to quantify the air–sea fluxes of these gases, we measured their
seawater concentrations and air mixing ratios in the Atlantic sector of the
Southern Ocean, along a ∼ 11 000 km long transect at
approximately 60∘ S in February–April 2019. Concentrations, oceanic
saturations, and estimated fluxes of five simultaneously sampled gases
(dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde) are
presented here. Campaign mean (±1σ) surface water
concentrations of dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone, and
acetaldehyde were 2.60 (±3.94), 0.0133 (±0.0063), 67 (±35), 5.5 (±2.5), and 2.6 (±2.7) nmol dm−3 respectively. In
this dataset, seawater isoprene and methanol concentrations correlated
positively. Furthermore, seawater acetone, methanol, and isoprene
concentrations were found to correlate negatively with the fugacity of
carbon dioxide, possibly due to a common biological origin. Campaign mean
(±1σ) air mixing ratios of dimethyl sulfide, isoprene,
methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde were 0.17 (±0.09), 0.053 (±0.034), 0.17 (±0.08), 0.081 (±0.031), and 0.049 (±0.040)
ppbv. We observed diel changes in averaged acetaldehyde concentrations in
seawater and ambient air (and to a lesser degree also for acetone and
isoprene), which suggest light-driven production. Campaign mean (±1σ) fluxes of 4.3 (±7.4) µmol m−2 d−1 DMS
and 0.028 (±0.021) µmol m−2 d−1 isoprene are
determined where a positive flux indicates from the ocean to the atmosphere.
Methanol was largely undersaturated in the surface ocean with a mean
(±1σ) net flux of −2.4 (±4.7) µmol m−2 d−1, but it also had a few occasional episodes of outgassing. This section
of the Southern Ocean was found to be a source and a sink for acetone and
acetaldehyde this time of the year, depending on location, resulting in a
mean net flux of −0.55 (±1.14) µmol m−2 d−1 for
acetone and −0.28 (±1.22) µmol m−2 d−1 for
acetaldehyde. The data collected here will be important for constraining the
air–sea exchange, cycling, and atmospheric impact of these gases, especially
over the Southern Ocean.
Nur für Schwindelfreie? Eine Geographie politischer Praktiken nach Hannah Arendt
Authors: Dünckmann Florian
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Times of crisis often call the legitimacy of existing social orders into question. These practices of dispute and debate that question, challenge, or affirm the rules that govern our social life are what constitutes the realm of the political. This article fathoms the potential
of a Political Geography that makes political practices its main point of interest. Arendt's political philosophy provides the foundation for a
geography of political practices that asks about (a) the way in which the
possibility and necessity of the political is tied to the spatiality of our
human condition, (b) the relation of political practices to spatial structures and their production of particular places, spaces and scales, and (c) the role which materiality plays in stabilizing, constraining and shaping political practices. Combining insights from Arendt's concept of political action with recent ideas of practice theories, a definition of political practices that relies on three characteristics – reflexivity,
perspectivity, and expressivity – is introduced. I will argue that these
metapragmatic practices, although they distinguish themselves from pragmatic
practices, nevertheless, always remain embedded in and related to the web of
our everyday doings.
Representing model uncertainty for global atmospheric CO2 flux inversions using ECMWF-IFS-46R1
Authors: McNorton Joe R. , Bousserez Nicolas , Agustí-Panareda Anna , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Choulga Margarita , Dawson Andrew , Engelen Richard , Kipling Zak , Lang Simon
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric flux inversions use observations of atmospheric CO2 to
provide anthropogenic and biogenic CO2 flux estimates at a range of
spatio-temporal scales. Inversions require prior flux, a forward model and
observation errors to estimate posterior fluxes and uncertainties. Here, we
investigate the forward transport error and the associated biogenic feedback
in an Earth system model (ESM) context. These errors can occur from
uncertainty in the initial meteorology, the analysis fields used, or the
advection schemes and physical parameterisation of the model. We also
explore the spatio-temporal variability and flow-dependent error covariances.
We then compare the error with the atmospheric response to uncertainty in
the prior anthropogenic emissions. Although transport errors are variable,
average total-column CO2 (XCO2) transport errors over
anthropogenic emission hotspots (0.1–0.8 ppm) are comparable to, and often
exceed, prior monthly anthropogenic flux uncertainties projected onto the
same space (0.1–1.4 ppm). Average near-surface transport errors at three sites
(Paris, Caltech and Tsukuba) range from 1.7 to 7.2 ppm. The global average
XCO2 transport error standard deviation plateaus at ∼0.1 ppm after 2–3 d, after which atmospheric mixing significantly dampens the
concentration gradients. Error correlations are found to be highly
flow dependent, with XCO2 spatio-temporal correlation length scales
ranging from 0 to 700 km and 0 to 260 min. Globally, the average
model error caused by the biogenic response to atmospheric meteorological
uncertainties is small (<0.01 ppm); however, this increases over
high flux regions and is seasonally dependent (e.g. the Amazon; January and July:
0.24±0.18 ppm and 0.13±0.07 ppm). In general, flux hotspots are
well-correlated with model transport errors. Our model error estimates,
combined with the atmospheric response to anthropogenic flux uncertainty,
are validated against three Total Carbon Observing Network (TCCON) XCO2 sites. Results indicate that our model
and flux uncertainty account for 21 %–65 % of the total uncertainty. The
remaining uncertainty originates from additional sources, such as
observation, numerical and representation errors, as well as structural errors in
the biogenic model. An underrepresentation of transport and flux
uncertainties could also contribute to the remaining uncertainty. Our
quantification of CO2 transport error can be used to help derive
accurate posterior fluxes and error reductions in future inversion systems.
The model uncertainty diagnosed here can be used with varying degrees of
complexity and with different modelling techniques by the inversion
community.
Measurement of the Beruforge 152DL thin-film lubricant using a developed thin-film thickness standard
Authors: Metzner Sebastian , Reuter Tamara , Hausotte Tino
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Systematic deviations due to remaining lubricant on the workpiece have a significant influence on the measurement of sheet-bulk metal formed parts. The expected layer thickness for the workpieces after the forming process is less than 35 µm. For the determination of the refractive index of the lubricant and thus the effects of the lubricant on optical measurement techniques, a lubricant thin-film thickness standard was developed which represents a continuous measuring range from 6 to 100 µm. To determine the refractive index, the thin-film thickness standard was measured with a coaxial interferometric measurement system in various thickness ranges. Due to the knowledge of the optical and the geometrical path length, the refractive index can then be determined approximately. In addition, an XY stage was used to scan the entire thin-film area of the standard. The measurement setup in a temperature box allows for determining the effects of temperature changes on the optical properties of the lubricant.
Effects of traditional fish processing methods on the proximate composition and ph of fish Black pomfret (Parastromateus niger)
Authors: Aberoumand Ali
Published: May 2020

Fish is an important food in many Iranian diets. This is a good source of protein. Fish is the main source of animal protein in Iran. The effects of three different traditional processing methods (freezing, brining and frying) on nutritive composition of halva sia fish stored under ambient room conditions were determined. Fresh halva sia fish were obtained from Behbahan fish market. Cooking and processing techniques were carried out on fish Halva sia Parastromateus niger. The proximate composition of raw Parastromateus niger was affected by cooking and processing techniques that were carried out by AOAC methods. Moisture contents decreased in fried and brined fillet while protein, fat and ash contents were significantly increased in fried fillet. The loss of moisture in fried and brined samples amounted to the highest levels; also the protein and fat value was proportionally high. The fish Parastromateus niger showed a decrease in their contents of moisture and fat as affected by frozen storage periods while ash and protein contents were increased after frozen storage periods. The nutritional value fish Parastromateus niger preserved until the end of the storage period.