bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real‐Time Observation of Protein Aggregation at Liquid‐Liquid Interfaces in a Microfluidic Device
Authors: Zürcher Dominik , Wuchner Klaus , Arosio Paolo
Published: August 2024

A droplet microfluidic device to capture in real‐time protein aggregation at liquid‐liquid interfaces is described. In contrast to conventional methods, typically characterized by a lag time between the application of interfacial stress and the measurement of protein aggregation, here protein adsorption, the formation of a viscoelastic protein layer, aggregation, and shedding of protein particles into solution is simultaneously monitored. The device is applied to analyze the stability of antibody formulations over a wide range of concentrations (1–180 mg mL−1) at the silicone oil (SO)‐water interface under controlled mechanical deformation. The adsorption onto oil droplets induces the formation of a viscoelastic protein layer on a subsecond timescale, which progressively restricts the relaxation of the droplets within the chip. Upon mechanical rupture, the protein layer releases particles in solution. The rate of particle formation increases strongly with concentration, similar to the bulk viscosity. Concentrations above 120 mg mL−1 lead to aggregation in seconds and drastically decrease the mechanical perturbations required to shed protein particles in solution. These results are important for the development of formulations at high‐protein concentrations (>100 mg mL−1) and indicate that particular attention should be given to interface‐induced particle formation in this concentration range. In this context, low‐volume microfluidic platforms allow the assessment of protein physical instabilities early in development and represent attractive tools to optimize antibody stability and formulation design consuming limited amounts of material.
A Click‐Type Enzymatic Method for Antigen‐Adjuvant Conjugation
Authors: Sun Yange , Li Ting , Guo Yan , Sun Peng , Wu Jun , Pan Chao , Wang Hengliang , Zhu Li
Published: August 2024

The Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) stimulator, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, has emerged as a potent enhancer of protein subunit vaccines. Incorporating the protein antigen directly with the CpG adjuvant presents a novel strategy to significantly reduce the required dosage of CpG compared to traditional methods that use separate components. In contrast to existing chemical conjugation methods, this study introduces an enzymatic approach for antigen‐adjuvant coupling using a recombinant endonuclease DCV fused with SpyTag. This fusion protein catalyzes the covalent linkage between itself and the CpG adjuvant under mild conditions. These conjugates can be further linked with target protein antigens containing the SpyCatcher sequence, yielding stable, covalently‐linked antigen‐adjuvant complexes. The corresponding complex utilizing the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein as the model antigen, elicits high‐titer, specific antibody production in mice via both subcutaneous administration and intratracheal inoculation. Notably, the tumor vaccine candidate fabricated by this method has also shown significant inhibition of cancer progression after intratracheal administration. The technique ensures precise, site‐specific coupling and preserves the antigen's structural integrity due to the post‐purification coupling strategy that simplifies manufacturing and aids in developing inhalable vaccines.
Unilateral consensus: Legitimation as a societal phenomenon in Luhmannian systems theory
Authors: Pretorius Richard , Bombaerts Gunter , Talmar Madis , Walrave Bob
Published: August 2024

For Niklas Luhmann, the political system's primary function is the establishment of decision premises for future decisions, with these decisions being applied across different societal subsystems. However, Luhmann recognized that this resulted in the political system running the risk of de‐differentiating itself when producing collectively binding decisions. Luhmann solved this problem by restricting the political system's role, relegating it to society's sidelines. But there are many examples of where we would want the benefits of collectively binding decisions in society, such as planning systems. This raises the question how can we have decisions that serve as premises for future decisions across societal subsystems while maintaining each system's differentiation and legitimacy? To answer this question, we will redouble our focus on meaning in considering each system's legitimation process. Through the lens of meaning, we will show how legitimation can bring independent systems to make shared decisions, thus producing unilateral consensus.
Feeding habits and ecological implications of the invasive Flathead Catfish in the Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania
Authors: Stark Sydney , Schall Megan K. , Smith Geoffrey D. , Maloy Aaron P. , Coombs Jason A. , Wagner Tyler , Avery Julian
Published: August 2024

Objective

Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris are a widespread aquatic invasive species within the United States and a recent invader in the Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania. Flathead Catfish are piscivores known to consume native and recreationally important fish species. In the mid-Atlantic United States, it is unknown how this invader is impacting food webs and which species may be at greatest predation risk. To address this knowledge gap, we DNA barcoded stomach contents collected from Flathead Catfish to identify prey species and elucidate potential predatory impacts of Flathead Catfish in the Susquehanna River.

Methods

We used a Bayesian hierarchical multivariate probit model to investigate if the probability of prey species occurrence in the diets of Flathead Catfish varied seasonally or was a function of Flathead Catfish length.

Result

A total of 576 Flathead Catfish were collected during 2020–2021, with 241 individuals having recoverable stomach contents. In all, we identified 47 different prey species. The most common prey species were rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus, Margined Madtom Noturus insignis, and shiners Notropis spp. While frequency of occurrence of prey species differed across Flathead Catfish length classes (<300 mm, 301–600 mm, 601–900 mm TL), rusty crayfish were commonly found (33.7–44.0% of diets) in stomachs of all size-classes.

Conclusion

We found that Flathead Catfish length and seasonality did influence occurrence probability differentially for several prey species. For example, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus were more likely to appear in shorter Flathead Catfish while Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu appeared in larger Flathead Catfish. We demonstrate significant variation in Flathead Catfish predation, increasing our understanding of predator–prey dynamics, which is necessary to better manage and identify future impacts to aquatic communities in the Susquehanna River basin.
Environmental cues for downstream-migrating American Eel at a hydroelectric facility
Authors: Manhard Christopher , Krebs Justin , Lozano Carlos , Jacobs Fred , Sturke Peter , Eberline Ben , Allen Taylor , Chamberlain Corey
Published: August 2024

Objective

The purpose of study was to identify environmental factors that influence downstream migration and passage of American Eels Anguilla rostrata in Roanoke Rapids Lake, a reservoir on the Roanoke River formed by the Roanoke Rapids Dam and Power Station.

Methods

Yellow- and silver-phase American Eels were outfitted with acoustic transmitters and monitored during four out-migration periods from October 2019 through March 2023 using acoustic telemetry receivers placed in Roanoke Rapids Lake and the Roanoke River downstream of the power station. The timing of downstream passage through the power station was determined using acoustic detection data. Poisson regression models were used to analyze American Eel detections in the context of environmental variables that were hypothesized to cue out-migration.

Result

Out-migration probability of American Eels from Roanoke Rapids Lake was influenced by time of day, rainfall, and change in lake level attributable to hydropower operations. Predictive models of out-migration probability demonstrated that the number of migrating American Eels was widely variable across environmental conditions and was particularly sensitive to changes in lake level.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that management actions, such as scheduled water releases from a dam and the consequent change in lake level (or correlated factors), can influence the onset and timing of American Eel out-migration.
Influence of the wider educational context on the English language teaching practicum
Authors: Taş Tunay , Aslan Ayça
Published: August 2024

Over decades, the body of research about the experiences and perceptions of prospective teachers of English during their teaching practicum has grown substantially. However, little research is currently available on the role of the wider educational context in shaping the TESOL practicum. The current study attempts to fill this gap by differentiating the wider educational context from the local situational context through providing details and insights about prospective teachers' intricate interactions with their wider educational context. In this study, the researchers used an exploratory qualitative research design. Following analysis of 24 participants' written observation reports collected over a 10‐week period, they conducted a focus group discussion with five participants. Findings revealed four key themes pertaining to the Turkish educational context, showing that several factors beyond the control of prospective teachers inevitably affect their practicum experience. In conclusion, this study delves into the complexity of the TESOL practicum by highlighting the intricate interplay between the wider educational context and prospective teachers' experiences. It is suggested that investigating context‐bound factors and gaining a deeper understanding of the elements that frame prospective teachers' perceptions of their wider educational context could ultimately result in more principled and effective teacher education.
Rehabilitation of Informal Settlements in Heritage Sites: Zargaran (Bamiyan)*
Authors: Loda Mirella , Di Benedetto Gaetano , Potestà Giovanna
Published: August 2024

This paper outlines the main points of the rehabilitation plan for the informal settlement of Zargaran, in the Bamiyan Valley, which the University of Florence has been developing with funding from the Italian Development Cooperation. The plan has been prepared through a careful analysis of the area and building conditions. The plan aims to provide general guidance on the rehabilitation of informal housing settlements across UNESCO sites, not least because of the overlap between the westernmost part of the village and the UNESCO property of the Buddha Cliff.
The Archaeological Sites of Bamiyan Valley—Conditions and Possible Interventions from a Conservative Perspective
Authors: Colombo Fabio , Pannunzio Elisa
Published: August 2024

The following paper contains a detailed condition assessment of the main Bamiyan Valley’s archaeological sites that have been visited from February 19th to 22nd, 2023, on behalf of UNESCO and of the Japan Archaeological Mission in Afghanistan. The survey involved all the main archaeological sites of the Bamiyan Valley: the main cliff with the giant Buddhas and many caves, the Kakrak and Folladi Valleys, Shahr-e Gholghola and Shahr-e Zohak. The purpose was to assess their current condition and to define priorities for immediate response actions, to prevent vandalic actions, the collapse of archaeological structures and further deterioration of the wall paintings. For each site, a detailed photographic documentation of the current condition was completed, and the main conservation issues have been identified. The information about each site is displayed in dedicated paragraphs, included in this document.
Double-pole approximation for leading-order semi-leptonic vector-boson scattering at the LHC
Authors: Denner Ansgar , Lombardi Daniele , Schwan Christopher
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Measuring vector-boson scattering beyond the fully-leptonic final state is becoming possible at the LHC, which demands to have a solid control on the theory predictions for all final states of this class of processes. In this work we present a full off-shell leading-order calculation for the process pp → ℓ+νℓ + 4j in two fiducial regions which are particularly relevant for its experimental measurement. In addition to the fully electroweak order, i.e. $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}^6\right) $$
O

α
6

, we complement our results with $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_{\textrm{s}}{\alpha}^5\right) $$
O

α
s

α
5

and $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_{\textrm{s}}^2{\alpha}^4\right) $$
O

α
s
2

α
4

for inclusive predictions. At $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}^6\right) $$
O

α
6

we present for the first time a systematic treatment of the process in double-pole approximation and we perform a detailed study of its range of validity by considering inclusive and differential predictions compared to the full off-shell calculation.
First-order electroweak phase transition at finite density
Authors: Qin Renhui , Bian Ligong
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We study the Electroweak phase transition with the Standard Model effective field theory at finite temperature and finite density. Utilizing the dimensional reduction approach, we construct the tree dimensional thermal effective field theory at finite density and investigate the phase transition dynamics. We evaluate how the results depend on the renormalization scale and the chemical potential. Our results show that, with the tree dimensional thermal effective potential at 2-loop level, we can effectively reduce the theoretical uncertainty in the calculations of the phase transition parameters due to the renormalization scale dependence, and the new physics scale is restricted to be Λ ≲ (770 − 800) GeV by the baryon number washout avoidance condition. Meanwhile, the presence of the chemical potential would affect the phase transition parameter and make the constraints from the baryon number washout avoidance condition more strict, especially for weaker first-order phase transition scenarios at higher new physics scales.
Coleman-Weinberg dynamics of ultralight scalar dark matter and GeV-scale right-handed neutrinos
Authors: Murgui Clara , Plestid Ryan
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We consider an extension of the Standard Model by three singlet fermions and one singlet real scalar field. The scalar is an ultralight dark matter candidate whose abundance is set by dynamically induced misalignment from the Higgs portal. We focus on parameter space where the Coleman-Weinberg potential both fixes the dark matter relic abundance, and predicts the mass scale of right-handed neutrinos. The model prefers scalar masses in the range of 10 μeV ≲ mϕ ≲ 10 meV, and can be tested via direct searches for a light scalar (e.g. fifth force tests), or by searching for right-handed neutrinos in laboratory experiments.
Hierarchies from landscape probability gradients and critical boundaries
Authors: Matsedonskyi Oleksii
Published: August 2024

Abstract

If the gradient of a probability distribution on a landscape of vacua aligns with the variation of some fundamental parameter, the parameter may be likely to take some non-generic value. Such non-generic values can be associated to critical boundaries, where qualitative changes of the landscape properties happen, or an anthropic bound is located. Assuming the standard volume-weighted and the local probability measures, we discuss ordered landscapes which can produce several types of the aligned probability gradients. The resulting values of the gradients are defined by the “closeness” of a given vacuum to the highest- or the lowest-energy vacuum. Using these ingredients we construct a landscape scanning independently the Higgs mass and the cosmological constant (CC). The probability gradient pushes the Higgs mass to its observed value, where a structural change of the landscape takes place, while the CC is chosen anthropically.
Light vector bosons and the weak mixing angle in the light of future germanium-based reactor CEνNS experiments
Authors: Lindner Manfred , Rink Thomas , Sen Manibrata
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this work, the sensitivity of future germanium-based reactor neutrino experiments to the weak mixing angle sin2θW, and to the presence of new light vector bosons is investigated. By taking into account key experimental features with their uncertainties and the application of a data-driven and state-of-the-art reactor antineutrino spectrum, the impact of detection threshold and experimental exposure is assessed in detail for an experiment relying on germanium semiconductor detectors. With the established analysis framework, the precision on the Weinberg angle, and capability of probing the parameter space of a universally coupled mediator model, as well as a U(1)B−L-symmetric model are quantified. Our investigation finds the next-generation of germanium-based reactor neutrino experiments in good shape to determine the Weinberg angle sin2θW with < 10% precision using the low-energetic neutrino channel of CEνNS. In addition, the current limits on new light vector bosons determined by reactor experiments can be lowered by about an order of magnitude via the combination of both CEνNS and EνeS. Consequently, our findings provide strong phenomenological support for future experimental endeavours close to a reactor site.
Massive spin three-half field in a constant electromagnetic background
Authors: Delplanque William , Skvortsov Evgeny
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Massive higher-spin fields are difficult to introduce consistent interactions, including electromagnetic and gravitational ones which are clearly exhibited by (non-elementary) higher-spin particles in nature. We construct an action that describes consistent interactions of massive spin three-half field with a constant electromagnetic background. We also work out the relation to the chiral approach.
One-loop analysis of β decays in SMEFT
Authors: Dawid Maria , Cirigliano Vincenzo , Dekens Wouter
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We perform a loop-level analysis of charged-current (CC) processes involving light leptons and quarks within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). This work is motivated by the high precision reached in experiment and Standard Model calculations for CC decays of mesons, neutron, and nuclei, and by a lingering tension in the Cabibbo universality test. We identify the SMEFT operators that induce the largest loop-level contributions to CC processes. These include four-quark and four-fermion semileptonic operators involving two third-generation quarks. We discuss the available constraints on the relevant effective couplings and along the way we derive new loop-level bounds from K → $$ \pi \nu \overline{\nu} $$
πν

ν
¯

on four-quark operators involving two top quarks. We find that low-energy CC processes are quite competitive with other probes, set constraints that do not depend on flavor-symmetry assumptions, and probe operators involving third-generation quarks up to effective scales of Λ ≃ 8 TeV. Finally, we briefly discuss single-field ultraviolet completions that could induce the relevant operators.
Superconformal monodromy defects in $$ \mathcal{N} $$=4 SYM and LS theory
Authors: Arav Igal , Gauntlett Jerome P. , Jiao Yusheng , Roberts Matthew M. , Rosen Christopher
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We study type IIB supergravity solutions that are dual to two-dimensional superconformal defects in d = 4 SCFTs which preserve $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 2) supersymmetry. We consider solutions dual to defects in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory that have non-trivial monodromy for U(1)3 ⊂ SO(6) global symmetry and we also allow for the possibility of conical singularities. In addition, we consider the addition of fermionic and bosonic mass terms that have non trivial dependence on the spatial directions transverse to the defect, while preserving the superconformal symmetry of the defect. We compute various physical quantities including the central charges of the defect expressed as a function of the monodromy, the on-shell action as well as associated supersymmetric Rényi entropies. Analogous computations are carried out for superconformal defects in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, d = 4 Leigh-Strassler SCFT. We also show that the defects of the two SCFTs are connected by a line of bulk marginal mass deformations and argue that they are also related by bulk RG flow.
Comments on integrability in the symmetric orbifold
Authors: Frolov Sergey , Sfondrini Alessandro
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We present a map between the excitation of the symmetric-product orbifold CFT of T4, and of the worldsheet-integrability description of AdS3 × S3 × T4 of Lloyd, Ohlsson Sax, Sfondrini, and Stefański at k = 1. We discuss the map in the absence of RR fluxes, when the theory is free, and at small RR flux, h ≪ 1, where the symmetric-orbifold CFT is deformed by a marginal operator from the twist-two sector. We discuss the recent results of Gaberdiel, Gopakumar, and Nairz, who computed from the perturbed symmetric-product orbifold the central extension to the symmetry algebra of the theory and its coproduct. We show that it coincides with the h ≪ 1 expansion of the lightcone symmetry algebra known from worldsheet integrability, and that hence the S matrix found by Gaberdiel, Gopakumar, and Nairz maps to the one bootstrapped by the worldsheet integrability approach.
Spectral flow and the conformal block expansion for strings in AdS3
Authors: Iguri Sergio , Kovensky Nicolas , Toro Julián H.
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We present a detailed study of spectrally flowed four-point functions in the SL(2,ℝ) WZW model, focusing on their conformal block decomposition. Dei and Eberhardt conjectured a general formula relating these observables to their unflowed counterparts. Although the latter are not known in closed form, their conformal block expansion has been formally established. By combining this information with the integral transform that encodes the effect of spectral flow, we show how to describe a considerable number of s-channel exchanges, including cases with both flowed and unflowed intermediate states. For all such processes, we compute the normalization of the corresponding conformal blocks in terms of products of the recently derived flowed three-point functions with arbitrary spectral flow charges. Our results constitute a highly non-trivial consistency check, thus strongly supporting the aforementioned conjecture, and establishing its computational power.
Unleashing the power of EFT in neutrino-nucleus scattering
Authors: Kopp Joachim , Rocco Noemi , Tabrizi Zahra
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Neutrino physics is advancing into a precision era with the construction of new experiments, particularly in the few GeV energy range. Within this energy range, neutrinos exhibit diverse interactions with nucleons and nuclei. This study delves in particular into neutrino-nucleus quasi-elastic cross sections, taking into account both standard and, for the first time, non-standard interactions, all within the framework of effective field theory (EFT). The main uncertainties in these cross sections stem from uncertainties in the nucleon-level form factors, and from the approximations necessary to solve the nuclear many-body problem. We explore how these uncertainties influence the potential of neutrino experiments to probe new physics introduced by left-handed, right-handed, scalar, pseudoscalar, and tensor interactions. For some of these interactions the cross section is enhanced, making long-baseline experiments an excellent place to search for them. Our results, including tabulated cross sections for all interaction types and all neutrino flavors, can serve as the foundation for such searches.
Complete CP eigen-bases of mesonic chiral Lagrangian up to p8-order
Authors: Li Xuan-He , Sun Hao , Tang Feng-Jie , Yu Jiang-Hao
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Chiral perturbation theory systematically describes the low energy dynamics of meson and baryons using nonlinear Nambu-Goldstone fields. Using the Young tensor technique, we construct the pure mesonic effective operators up to p8-order, one-to-one corresponding to contact amplitudes with the on-shell Adler zero condition. The off-shell external sources, non-vanishing under equation-of-motion conditions, are also added to the operator bases. We also show the invariant tensor bases using the Young tableau is equivalent to the trace bases with Cayley-Hamilton relations. Separated into different CP eigenstates, at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({p}^8\right) $$
O

p
8

we obtain the operator lists of the 567 C+P+ operators, 483 C+P- operators, 376 C-P+ operators, and 408 C-P- operators for SU(2) case, while there are 1959 C+P+ operators, 1809 C+P- operators, 1520 C-P+ operators, and 1594 C-P- operators for SU(3) case, consistent with results using the Hilbert series.
Early universe in quantum gravity
Authors: Modesto Leonardo , Calcagni Gianluca
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We present a new picture of the early universe in finite nonlocal quantum gravity, which is Weyl invariant at the classical and quantum levels. The high-energy regime of the theory consists of two phases, a Weyl invariant trans-Planckian phase and a post-Planckian or Higgs phase described by an action quadratic in the Ricci tensor and where the cosmos evolves according to the standard radiation-dominated model. In the first phase, all the issues of the hot big bang such as the singularity, flatness, and horizon problems find a universal and simple non-inflationary solution by means of Weyl invariance, regardless of the microscopic details of the theory. In the second phase, once Weyl symmetry is spontaneously broken, primordial perturbations are generated around a background that asymptotically evolves as a radiation-dominated flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker universe.
Null states and time evolution in a toy model of black hole dynamics
Authors: Dong Xi , Kolanowski Maciej , Liu Xiaoyi , Marolf Donald , Wang Zhencheng
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Spacetime wormholes can provide non-perturbative contributions to the gravitational path integral that make the actual number of states eS in a gravitational system much smaller than the number of states $$ {e}^{S_{\textrm{p}}} $$

e

S
p

predicted by perturbative semiclassical effective field theory. The effects on the physics of the system are naturally profound in contexts in which the perturbative description actively involves N = O(eS) of the possible $$ {e}^{S_{\textrm{p}}} $$

e

S
p

perturbative states; e.g., in late stages of black hole evaporation. Such contexts are typically associated with the existence of non-trivial quantum extremal surfaces. However, by forcing a simple topological gravity model to evolve in time, we find that such effects can also have large impact for N ≪ eS (in which case no quantum extremal surfaces can arise). In particular, even for small N, the insertion of generic operators into the path integral can cause the non-perturbative time evolution to differ dramatically from perturbative expectations. On the other hand, this discrepancy is small for the special case where the inserted operators are non-trivial only in a subspace of dimension D ≪ eS. We thus study this latter case in detail. We also discuss potential implications for more realistic gravitational systems.
HiPSC-derived 3D neural models reveal neurodevelopmental pathomechanisms of the Cockayne Syndrome B
Authors: Kapr Julia , Scharkin Ilka , Ramachandran Haribaskar , Westhoff Philipp , Pollet Marius , Dangeleit Selina , Brockerhoff Gabriele , Rossi Andrea , Koch Katharina , Krutmann Jean , Fritsche Ellen
Published: August 2024

Cockayne Syndrome B (CSB) is a hereditary multiorgan syndrome which—through largely unknown mechanisms—can affect the brain where it clinically presents with microcephaly, intellectual disability and demyelination. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural 3D models generated from CSB patient-derived and isogenic control lines, we here provide explanations for these three major neuropathological phenotypes. In our models, CSB deficiency is associated with (i) impaired cellular migration due to defective autophagy as an explanation for clinical microcephaly; (ii) altered neuronal network functionality and neurotransmitter GABA levels, which is suggestive of a disturbed GABA switch that likely impairs brain circuit formation and ultimately causes intellectual disability; and (iii) impaired oligodendrocyte maturation as a possible cause of the demyelination observed in children with CSB. Of note, the impaired migration and oligodendrocyte maturation could both be partially rescued by pharmacological HDAC inhibition.

Graphical Abstract
On the Support of Anomalous Dissipation Measures
Authors: De Rosa Luigi , Drivas Theodore D. , Inversi Marco
Published: August 2024

By means of a unifying measure-theoretic approach, we establish lower bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of the space-time set which can support anomalous dissipation for weak solutions of fluid equations, both in the presence or absence of a physical boundary. Boundary dissipation, which can occur at both the time and the spatial boundary, is analyzed by suitably modifying the Duchon & Robert interior distributional approach. One implication of our results is that any bounded Euler solution (compressible or incompressible) arising as a zero viscosity limit of Navier–Stokes solutions cannot have anomalous dissipation supported on a set of dimension smaller than that of the space. This result is sharp, as demonstrated by entropy-producing shock solutions of compressible Euler (Drivas and Eyink in Commun Math Phys 359(2):733–763, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-017-3078-4; Majda in Am Math Soc 43(281):93, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1090/memo/0281) and by recent constructions of dissipative incompressible Euler solutions (Brue and De Lellis in Commun Math Phys 400(3):1507–1533, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-022-04626-0 624; Brue et al. in Commun Pure App Anal, 2023), as well as passive scalars (Colombo et al. in Ann PDE 9(2):21–48, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40818-023-00162-9; Drivas et al. in Arch Ration Mech Anal 243(3):1151–1180, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00205-021-01736-2). For $$L^q_tL^r_x$$

L
t
q

L
x
r

suitable Leray–Hopf solutions of the $$d-$$

d
-

dimensional Navier–Stokes equation we prove a bound of the dissipation in terms of the Parabolic Hausdorff measure $$\mathcal {P}^{s}$$

P

s

, which gives $$s=d-2$$

s
=
d
-
2

as soon as the solution lies in the Prodi–Serrin class. In the three-dimensional case, this matches with the Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg partial regularity.
Trevo 3 Mm and/or AXS Catalyst 5 for the Treatment of Medium Distal Vessel Occlusion Stroke—results from the ASSIST Registry
Authors: Ntoulias Nikolaos , Brehm Alex , Miralbés Salvador , Naravetla Bharath , Spiotta Alejandro , Loehr Christian , Martínez-Galdámez Mario , McTaggart Ryan , Defreyne Luc , Vega Pedro , Zaidat Osama O. , Price Lori Lyn , Liebeskind David S. , Möhlenbruch Markus , Gupta Rishi , Psychogios Marios-Nikos ,   ASSIST Investigator
Published: August 2024

Background

The effect of endovascular therapy (EVT) on the outcome of stroke patients with a medium distal vessel occlusion (MDVO) is unclear. We report the results of MDVO patients treated with the 3 mm Trevo stent retriever (SR) and/or the AXS Catalyst 5 distal access catheter.

Methods

Data was derived from a prospective, multicenter global registry (ASSIST registry) which enrolled patients treated with operator preferred EVT technique at 71 sites from January 2019 to January 2022. Three techniques were assessed: SR classic, direct aspiration, and a combined approach. Additional inclusion criteria were (a) EVT performed with the 3 mm Trevo SR and/or AXS Catalyst 5 distal access catheter on the first pass and (b) an occlusion of the M2 segment or M3 segment of the middle cerebral artery or the A1, A2 or A3 segment of the anterior cerebral artery. The primary outcome was achieving an expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) score of 2c or 3 on the first pass, with the primary technique as adjudicated by core lab. The primary clinical outcome measure was a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2.

Results

A total of 155 patients (10.4% of the ASSIST population) were included. Most patients had an M2 occlusion (93.5%). First pass eTICI reperfusion was achieved in 43.1% of the patients. No modifying effect of the frontline technique was found. The rate of mRS 0–2 (overall 65.0%) did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusion

The data suggests that the Trevo 3 mm SR and/or the AXS Catalyst 5 may be an option to treat medium distal vessel occlusion, but more data is needed to demonstrate safety and efficacy in this patient cohort. Further improvements are needed regarding materials and techniques to improve reperfusion results in this patient cohort in the future.
Assistierte Suizide in München – eine Analyse vorliegender Gutachten
Authors: Schäffer B. , Peschel O. , Graw M. , Gleich S.
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund

Die Autoren hatten in 3 vorangehenden Publikationen dieser Fachzeitschrift erste Daten zu assistierten Suiziden (AS) in München vorgestellt. Ergänzend wird nun die Qualität vorliegender Gutachten von AS-Fällen untersucht.

Methode

Alle Münchner Todesbescheinigungen vom 01.01.2020 bis zum 31.12.2023 wurden auf AS-Sterbefälle geprüft. Waren in den korrespondierenden staatsanwaltschaftlichen Akten Gutachten enthalten, wurden diese AS-Fälle anonymisiert und deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Psychiatrische Erkrankungen mit einem potenziellen Einfluss auf die Freiverantwortlichkeit wie Depressionen, kognitive Einschränkungen und Demenz lagen bei knapp 24 %, 3 % bzw. 7 % der Fälle vor. In diesen Fällen wurden in weniger als der Hälfte Fachgutachter aus Psychiatrie oder Psychologie beauftragt. In fast zwei Dritteln der Fälle handelte es sich bei Gutachter, assistierendem Arzt und Leichenschauer um dieselbe Person. Fast ein Fünftel der Gutachten wurde von den Autoren lediglich als Attest eingestuft. Nur in etwa zwei Dritteln der Fälle waren die Nennung von Alternativen zum AS und die Überprüfung der körperlichen Voraussetzungen für die Tatherrschaft des Suizidwilligen dokumentiert.

Diskussion

Die vom Bundesverfassungsgericht geforderte Freiverantwortlichkeit als Voraussetzung für die Straffreiheit eines AS umfasst nach fachlicher Bewertung der Autoren: 1. kompetente Begutachtung der Einwilligungsfähigkeit, 2. ergebnisoffene, umfassende, frühzeitige und ggf. interdisziplinäre Aufklärung, 3. transparente Vorbereitung des AS mit Trennung der Rollen von behandelndem und aufklärendem Arzt, Gutachter, assistierendem Arzt sowie Leichenschauer und 4. ausreichende Reflexionsphasen für den Suizidenten. Eine Überprüfung der Eignung der Gutachter wäre wünschenswert. Jedenfalls bei Anhaltspunkten für mangelnde Freiverantwortlichkeit sollten Fachärzte für Psychiatrie miteinbezogen werden. Gutachten sollten standardisiert abgefasst werden.
Relative assembly maps and the K-theory of Hecke algebras in prime characteristic
Authors: Lück W.
Published: August 2024

We investigate the relative assembly map from the family of finite subgroups to the family of virtually cyclic subgroups for the algebraic K-theory of twisted group rings of a group G with coefficients in a regular ring R or, more generally, with coefficients in a regular additive category. They are known to be isomorphisms rationally. We show that it suffices to invert only those primes p for which G contains a non-trivial finite p-group and p is not invertible in R. The key ingredient is the detection of Nil-terms of a twisted group ring of a finite group F after localizing at p in terms of the p-subgroups of F using Verschiebungs and Frobenius operators. We construct and exploit the structure of a module over the ring of big Witt vectors on the Nil-terms. We analyze the algebraic K-theory of the Hecke algebras of subgroups of reductive p-adic groups in prime characteristic.
The simplicial complex of Brauer pairs of a finite reductive group
Authors: Rossi Damiano
Published: August 2024

In this paper we study the simplicial complex induced by the poset of Brauer pairs ordered by inclusion for the family of finite reductive groups. In the defining characteristic case the homotopy type of this simplicial complex coincides with that of the Tits building thanks to a well-known result of Quillen. On the other hand, in the non-defining characteristic case, we show that the simplicial complex of Brauer pairs is homotopy equivalent to a simplicial complex determined by generalised Harish-Chandra theory. This extends earlier results of the author on the Brown complex and makes use of the theory of connected subpairs and twisted block induction developed by Cabanes and Enguehard.
Late development of OCD-like phenotypes in Dlgap1 knockout mice
Authors: Minagawa Kimino , Hayakawa Takashi , Akimoto Hayato , Nagashima Takuya , Takahashi Yasuo , Asai Satoshi
Published: August 2024

Rationale

Despite variants in the Dlgap1 gene having the two lowest p-value in a genome-wide association study of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), previous studies reported the absence of OCD-like phenotypes in Dlgap1 knockout (KO) mice. Since these studies observed behavioral phenotypes only for a short period, development of OCD-like phenotypes in these mice at older ages was still plausible.

Objective

To examine the presence or absence of development of OCD-like phenotypes in Dlgap1 KO mice and their responsiveness to fluvoxamine.

Methods and results

Newly produced Dlgap1 KO mice were observed for a year. Modified SHIRPA primary screen in 2-month-old homozygous mutant mice showed only weak signs of anxiety, stress conditions and aggression. At older ages, however, these mutant mice exhibited excessive self-grooming characterized by increased scratching which led to skin lesions. A significant sex difference was observed in this scratching behavior. The penetrance of skin lesions reached 50% at 6–7 months of age and 90% at 12 months of age. In the open-field test performed just after the appearance of these lesions, homozygous mutant mice spent significantly less time in the center, an anxiety-like behavior, than did their wild-type and heterozygous littermates, none and less than 10% of which showed skin lesions at 1 year, respectively. The skin lesions and excessive self-grooming were significantly alleviated by two-week treatment with fluvoxamine.

Conclusion

Usefulness of Dlgap1 KO mice as a tool for investigating the pathogenesis of OCD-like phenotypes and its translational relevance was suggested.
An advancement of the gravimetric isotope mixture method rendering the knowledge of the spike purity superfluous
Authors: Flierl Lukas , Rienitz Olaf , Vogl Jochen , Pramann Axel
Published: August 2024

The gravimetric isotope mixture method is the primary method to determine absolute isotope ratios. This method, however, depends on the existence of suitable spike materials and knowledge of their purities. Determining the purity of the spikes can be tedious and labour-intensive. In this publication, an advancement of the gravimetric isotope mixture method, rendering the determination of the purity of the spike materials unnecessary, is presented. The advancement combines mass spectrometry and ion chromatography leading to an approach being independent of the purity of the spike materials. In the manuscript the mathematical background and the basic idea of the novel approach are described using a two-isotope system like copper or lithium.

Graphical abstract
Iron changes within infarct tissue in ischemic stroke patients after successful reperfusion quantified using QSM
Authors: Kataike Victoria Mercy , Desmond Patricia M. , Steward Christopher , Mitchell Peter J. , Davey Christian , Yassi Nawaf , Bivard Andrew , Parsons Mark W. , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Ng Felix , Venkatraman Vijay
Published: August 2024

Purpose

For nearly half of patients who undergo Endovascular Thrombectomy following ischemic stroke, successful recanalisation does not guarantee a good outcome. Understanding the underlying tissue changes in the infarct tissue with the help of biomarkers specific to ischemic stroke could offer valuable insights for better treatment and patient management decisions. Using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI to measure cerebral iron concentration, this study aims to track the progression of iron within the infarct lesion after successful reperfusion.

Methods

In a prospective study of 87 ischemic stroke patients, successfully reperfused patients underwent MRI scans at 24-to-72 h and 3 months after reperfusion. QSM maps were generated from gradient-echo MRI images. QSM values, measured in parts per billion (ppb), were extracted from ROIs defining the infarct and mirror homolog in the contralateral hemisphere and were compared cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Results

QSM values in the infarct ROIs matched those of the contralateral ROIs at 24-to-72 h, expressed as median (interquartile range) ppb [0.71(-7.67-10.09) vs. 2.20(-10.50-14.05) ppb, p = 0.55], but were higher at 3 months [10.68(-2.30-21.10) vs. -1.27(-12.98-9.82) ppb, p < 0.001]. The infarct QSM values at 3 months were significantly higher than those at 24-to-72 h [10.41(-2.50-18.27) ppb vs. 1.68(-10.36-12.25) ppb, p < 0.001]. Infarct QSM at 24-to-72 h and patient outcome measured at three months did not demonstrate a significant association.

Conclusion

Following successful endovascular reperfusion, iron concentration in infarct tissue, as measured by QSM increases over time compared to that in healthy tissue. However, its significance warrants further investigation.
Improved Code Team Performance and Outcomes After Implementation of Moderate Fidelity In Situ Simulation in a Pediatric Cardiac Acute Care Unit
Authors: Woodard Frances K. , McKeta Angela S. , Schroeder Luke , Zyblewski Sinai C. , Buckley Jason R.
Published: August 2024

Children with cardiac disease suffer higher rates of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest outside of the intensive care unit (ICU) is an infrequent event, which is a threat for suboptimal code team performance. Shorter time to the first epinephrine dose during cardiac arrest has been associated with improved survival and neurologic outcomes. Moderate fidelity in situ simulation training was implemented in the pediatric cardiac acute care unit (PCACU) to improve code team performance in August 2015. A small interprofessional team of simulation facilitators was developed that included nurses, physicians, and advanced practice providers. The primary outcome was time to first epinephrine dose in pulseless electrical activity (PEA) scenarios. Time to epinephrine of all simulation exercises, and actual cardiac arrests, that occurred in the PCACU were reviewed through May 2022. A total of 72 simulations were performed and 42 (58%) were PEA scenarios. A center line shift was observed for time to epinephrine for simulated PEA cardiac arrests (from 5 to 3 min). After implementation of simulation exercises, a center line shift was observed for time to epinephrine for actual cardiac arrests in the PCACU (from 8 to 2 min). Survival to hospital discharge after cardiac arrest improved after implementation of the training (0% vs. 64%, p = 0.02). Code team performance, as measured by time to epinephrine, can be improved following implementation of in situ simulation exercises in a pediatric cardiac acute care unit. Optimizing code team performance may contribute to improved patient outcomes.
Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum in Retail Peanut Butters from a 2007 Survey in Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Harris Richard A. , Bussey Jeff , Flint Annika , Blondin-Brosseau Madeleine , Weedmark Kelly , Austin John W.
Published: August 2024

The spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium botulinum, can cause intestinal toxemia (colonization) botulism in adults and infants by colonizing the gut and producing botulinum neurotoxin in situ. In 2006, peanut butter was identified as a lab-confirmed source of C. botulinum spores for an adult colonization botulism case in Canada. It is recommended for infants to be exposed to peanut butter at an early age to help prevent the development of a peanut allergy, yet the prevalence of C. botulinum in retail peanut butters is currently unknown. This report details a survey that was conducted in 2007 for the presence of viable C. botulinum spores in 92 peanut butters and 12 other nut butter spreads obtained from retail grocery stores in Ottawa, Canada. Samples were tested for viable C. botulinum spores by detecting botulinum neurotoxin in enrichment cultures by mouse bioassay. Three of the peanut butters from the entire survey of nut butter spreads (3/104, 3%) produced cultures containing botulinum neurotoxin. Whole genome sequencing performed on one isolate from this survey, as well as a clinical isolate and peanut butter isolates associated with the 2006 adult colonization case revealed that all C. botulinum isolates contained a full-length chromosomal bont/A1 gene within an ha–orf + cassette. This study identifies retail peanut butters as a potential source of viable C. botulinum spores at the time of sampling. Whether peanut butter represents a food category that may be contributing to the incidence of infant botulism has yet to be determined.