bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Euler–Lagrange study of bubble drag reduction in turbulent channel flow and boundary layer flow
Authors: Zhang Xiaosong , Wang Jianhua , Wan Decheng
Published: February 2020

The excellent drag reduction effect of the bubble drag reduction technique has been proved through many experiments since it was proposed. In this paper, the authors investigate the bubble-turbulence interaction and the corresponding drag reduction effect with a two-way coupled Euler–Lagrange code. The liquid phase is simulated by using a large eddy simulation method with the immersed bubbles treated using a nonlinear collision model to accurately simulate the bubble–wall interaction. A Gaussian distributed method is adopted to obtain the void fraction and interphase forces in the two-way coupled algorithm. Two typical wall-bounded turbulent flow problems (turbulent channel flow and boundary layer flow) are simulated to validate the accuracy and stability in bubbly flows and investigate the drag reduction mechanism. First, the effect of bubbles on the turbulent flow is studied in the channel flow cases in which the bubbles are observed attaching to the upper plate and swaying in the spanwise direction. In this case, Reynolds stress near the wall is decreased, which contributes to the drag reduction. Moreover, drag reduction of a turbulent boundary layer flow with bubble injection is studied in which the drag reduction under different air flow rates is in good agreement with experimental results. The contribution of turbulence and different liquid forces to the migration of bubbles away from the wall is investigated. The bubble trajectory in the turbulent boundary layer is divided into three distinct stages and discussed in detail finally.
Robust oscillations in multi-cyclic Markov state models of biochemical clocks
Authors: del Junco Clara , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan
Published: February 2020

Organisms often use cyclic changes in the concentrations of chemical species to precisely time biological functions. Underlying these biochemical clocks are chemical reactions and transport processes, which are inherently stochastic. Understanding the physical basis for robust biochemical oscillations in the presence of fluctuations has thus emerged as an important problem. In a previous paper [C. del Junco and S. Vaikuntanathan, Phys. Rev. E 101, 012410 (2020)], we explored this question using the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of single-ring Markov state models of biochemical networks that support oscillations. Our finding was that they can exploit non-equilibrium driving to robustly maintain the period and coherence of oscillations in the presence of randomness in the rates. Here, we extend our work to Markov state models consisting of a large cycle decorated with multiple small cycles. These additional cycles are intended to represent alternate pathways that the oscillator may take as it fluctuates about its average path. Combining a mapping to single-cycle networks based on first passage time distributions with our previously developed theory, we are able to make analytical predictions for the period and coherence of oscillations in these networks. One implication of our predictions is that a high energy budget can make different network topologies and arrangements of rates degenerate as far as the period and coherence of oscillations are concerned. Excellent agreement between analytical and numerical results confirms that this is the case. Our results suggest that biochemical oscillators can be more robust to fluctuations in the path of the oscillator when they have a high energy budget.
Pulsed vacuum arc plasma source of supersonic metal ion flow
Authors: Frolova V. P. , Nikolaev A. G. , Oks E. M. , Vodopyanov A. V. , Yushkov A. Yu. , Yushkov G. Yu.
Published: February 2020

Supersonic plasma flows with densities of 1013–1016 cm−3 find application in various fields of physics and technology such as surface modification, simulation of plasma impact in fusion facilities, and laboratory studies of space phenomena. The work outlined here describes a pulsed vacuum arc source of supersonic dense metal plasma flow. The design, working principle, features of the power supply circuit, and main parameters of the plasma source in relation to the parameter of the vacuum arc pulse are discussed. Flows of ionized aluminum, copper, tantalum, and molybdenum were investigated. At a vacuum arc current amplitude of 25 kA, the source generated a plasma with a density of 3 × 1015 cm−3. The ion velocity in the plasma flow and the ion charge state composition were measured. For an aluminum cathode, we have carried out measurements of the macroparticle fraction and the erosion rate. This supersonic metal ion plasma flow source is primarily designed for studying the flow interaction with an inhomogeneous magnetic field, with simultaneous application of electron cyclotron resonance irradiation from high-power pulsed gyrotrons, but may also find other applications.
Properties of binders in polymer bonded explosives may lead to better designs
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: February 2020

The rheological properties and characteristics of a nitrocellulose-based visco-hyperelastic binder gives insight into the design and efficiency of military-grade explosives.
Nonlinear noise suppression in a high-rate optical channel with phase modulation and dispersion compensation
Authors: Shapiro E.G. , Shapiro D.A.
Published: February 2020

We have performed a numerical simulation of transmission of optical DP QPSK signals at a rate of 40 Gbaud over a distance of 2000 km. It is shown that a channel with large negative dispersion and preliminary large positive pulse chirping significantly reduces nonlinear distortion and improves the signal quality. To further reduce the probability of recognition error, it is proposed, instead of a negative dispersion fibre, to use compensators with low attenuation.
Drilling of sub-100 μm hourglass-shaped holes in diamond with femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Jeong B. , Lee B. , Kim J.-H. , Choi J.-A. , Yang J. , Sall E.G. , Kim J.W. , Heo D. , Jang J. , Kim G.-H. , Yashin V.E.
Published: February 2020

We present images of microholes drilled in diamond using a homemade femtosecond Yb : KGW laser. We use a femtosecond laser source emitting pulses with a duration of 230 fs at a wavelength of 1030 nm, the focusing spot size amounting to 8.9 μm. The effect of the pulse energy and the number of pulses on the microhole geometry (hole diameter, circularity, taper angle, and drilling quality) is evaluated. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of drilling of hourglass-shaped holes in a diamond sample, which have similar diameters at the hole entrance (92 μm) and exit (95 μm), but a much smaller diameter (28 μm) at a certain waist section inside the hole.
2D microspatial distribution uniformity of photon detection efficiency and crosstalk probability of multi-pixel photon counters
Authors: Liu Lina , Zhang Chunling , Gallina Giacomo , Zhang Guoqing
Published: February 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) microspatial distribution uniformity of photon detection efficiency (PDE) and optical crosstalk probability P
ct of multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs) is studied. The experimental results show that the 2D spatial distribution of P
ct is obviously uneven, i.e. P
ct is larger at the corners and edges of a single pixel in MPPCs, which suggest a higher electrical field in the depletion region of the pixel at the corners and edges. The nonuniformity of the 2D spatial distribution of PDE also become evident when the size of the pixels of MPPCs is small, which signifies higher nonuniformity of the electric field distribution in MPPCs with small pixel size. A method is proposed for characterization of the 2D electrical field spatial distribution uniformity in a single pixel of MPPCs, which can be used for guiding the optimisation of the fabrication process of MPPCs and their properties. This promising method can naturally be extended to any Geiger avalanche photodiodes (G-APDs) and their arrays.
Energy density and spectrum of single-cycle and sub-cycle electromagnetic pulses
Authors: Artyukov I.A. , Vinogradov A.V. , D’yachkov N.V. , Feshchenko R.M.
Published: February 2020

Based on the exact solution of the Maxwell equations in the form of a collapsing spherical vector wave specified by an arbitrary function of time, we have calculated the maximum energy density that can be achieved when focusing extremely short pulses of various shapes. It is shown that our earlier formula expressing the maximum energy density in terms of the spectrum parameters for Gaussian quasi-monochromatic pulses is approximately (with an accuracy of ±40 %) valid for the main types of extremely short pulses.
High-power (>1 W) room-temperature quantum-cascade lasers for the long-wavelength IR region
Authors: Dudelev V.V. , Mikhailov D.A. , Babichev A.V. , Andreev A.D. , Losev S.N. , Kognovitskaya E.A. , Bobretsova Yu.K. , Slipchenko S.O. , Pikhtin N.A. , Gladyshev A.G. , Denisov D.V. , Novikov I.I. , Karachinsky L.Ya. , Kuchinskii V.I. , Egorov A.Yu. , Sokolovskii G.S.
Published: February 2020

Ridge quantum-cascade lasers emitting at a wavelength near 8 μm are fabricated and studied. Lasing at room temperature with a maximum output peak power exceeding 1 W from one facet is demonstrated.
Effect of elastic anisotropy on thermally induced distortions of a laser beam in single cubic syngony crystals with radial cooling. Part I
Authors: Vyatkin A.G. , Khazanov E.A.
Published: February 2020

We have studied thermally induced distortions of a beam in single cubic syngony crystals of all symmetry groups with an anisotropic elastic stiffness tensor. The arithmetic mean and the difference between the thermally induced phase incursions of eigenpolarisations, as well as the angle of incidence of these polarisations, are calculated for a long rod and a thin disk with radial cooling under uniform volume pumping of the active element. The position of the specific crystal orientations unrelated to its symmetry elements is investigated. The effective values of the thermo-optical constant Q in two specific orientations, as well as the thermo-optical constant P in an arbitrary orientation, are found.
Experimental and theoretical description of the process of contact laser surgery with a titanium-doped optothermal fibre converter
Authors: Belikov A.V. , Skrypnik A.V.
Published: February 2020

In an in vitro experiment simulating a surgeon’s actions in the process of contact laser surgery of soft biological tissue, the dependences of the temperature of a titanium-doped optothermal fibre converter (TOTFC) and the depths of coagulation and ablation of biological tissue on the average radiation power of a diode laser with a wavelength of 980 nm and on the speed of the converter movement along biological tissue are obtained. The structural, optical, and thermophysical models of TOTFC are discussed, as well as the thermophysical model of the interaction of a laser-heated converter with biological tissue, which takes into account the temperature dependences of the basic thermophysical parameters of the converter and biological tissue, as well as the contribution of the thickness h
int of the water vapour layer between the converter and biotissue. It is shown that the proposed model allows describing the result of contact laser surgery of soft biotissue with TOTFC adequately to the experiment.
Experimental studies of 1.5 – 1.6 μm high-power single-frequency semiconductor lasers
Authors: Bagaeva O.O. , Galiev R.R. , Danilov A.I. , Ivanov A.V. , Kurnosov V.D. , Kurnosov K.V. , Kurnyavko Yu.V. , Ladugin M.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Romantsevich V.I. , Simakov V.A. , Chernov R.V. , Shishkov V.V.
Published: February 2020

High-power semiconductor laser systems based on 1.5 – 1.6 μm single-frequency distributed feedback (DFB) lasers with a sidewall Bragg diffraction grating are developed and their current – voltage, light – current, and spectral characteristics are experimentally studied. The characteristics of conventional lasers with a Fabry – Perot cavity and DFB lasers fabricated from one and the same heterostructure are compared. At a pump current not exceeding 700 mA, a conventional laser with a cavity length of 1.6 mm and a mesa-stripe width of 3 μm emits a power no lower than 200 mW versus 150 mW of the DFB laser; both lasers are mounted in a housing 11 mm in diameter. The DFB laser mounted in a butterfly housing emits a power no lower than 100 mW at the exit of the single-mode cable at a pump current not exceeding 500 mA, which, at a 60 % coupling efficiency, corresponds to a power no lower than 165 mW; the side-mode suppression ratio in this case is no lower than 53 dB. It is shown that the wavelength deviation with changing pump current and temperature is almost an order of magnitude lower for the DFB laser than for the conventional laser.
Investigation of compression of indirect-drive targets under conditions of the NIF facility using one-dimensional modelling
Authors: Rozanov V.B. , Vergunova G.A.
Published: February 2020

The indirect compression dynamics of targets containing capsules with ablators of a plastic, high-density carbon and beryllium is simulated in the framework of a one-dimensional model based on the 1D RADIAN code. Experiments with such targets are performed on the NIF facility in the Livermore Laboratory (USA) in 2014 – 2018. The 1D simulation data are consistent with the results of experiments and calculations made at this Laboratory. The effect of the hard part of hohlraum radiation on capsule compression parameters is confirmed. We demonstrate the feasibility of eliminating this influence not only by selecting the hohlraum material but also by introducing admixtures into the capsule that absorb this radiation. It is shown how varying the amount of admixture in the capsule ablator varies the spectrum of the radiation that heats the DT fuel.
Effect of hydrothermal synthesis conditions on up-conversion luminescence intensity of β-NaYF4 : Er3+, Yb3+ submicron particles
Authors: Sagaidachnaya E.A. , Konyukhova Ju.G. , Kazadaeva N.I. , Doronkina A.A. , Yanina I.Yu. , Skaptsov A.A. , Pravdin A.B. , Kochubey V.I.
Published: February 2020

The differences in the luminescence intensities of up-conversion β-NaYF4 : Er3+, Yb3+ particles synthesised by the hydrothermal method under various synthesis conditions are studied. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that in order to achieve the maximum luminescence intensity in such particles, it is necessary to use ammonium fluoride and a medium with pH = 3. In this case, the length of the particles increases, up to the formation of rod-shaped particles. Based on the data on the size of the coherent scattering region and on microstresses, we can assume that the particles are polycrystals. At the same time, limiting the size of the coherent scattering region is possible due to the defective structure. When the nanoparticles are synthesised in a medium with pH = 3, hydrolysed regions containing OH groups are formed on the crystallite surface. The presence of these groups does not affect the intensity of up-conversion luminescence of submicron-size particles.
Functional analysis of the soybean gene GmTIR under biotic and abiotic stresses
Authors: Wang Xiaoting , Huang Lu , Bian Xiaochun , Li Zhan , Gao Ruifang , Zhang Xing , Zhang Xiaoli , Li Xiangnan , Wang Haitang , Guo Na , Feng Jianying , Zhao Jinming , Xing Han
Published: February 2020

The TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain has been proposed to play a signalling role in resistance responses mediated by TIR-containing proteins. The functions of some TIR-domain-containing proteins have been defined in some plants; however, there has been no study evaluating TIR-domain-containing proteins in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In this study, GmTIR was isolated from soybean, and its functions under stresses were analysed. Analysis of tissue-specific expression patterns showed that GmTIR was strongly expressed in leaves and weakly expressed in the immature green beans. Treatments with Phytophthora sojae, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, copper, salt and drought significantly increased GmTIR expression, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and low temperature caused slight increases. Compared with wild type expression, GmTIR overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana led to a higher germination rate under both salt and drought stresses, but the root length of transgenic Arabidopsis was greater than of wild type plants only under salt stress. In response to the stresses, accumulation of proline in transgenic plants was also higher. The results suggest that GmTIR could be a positive factor for promoting the survival of plants under biotic and abiotic stresses.
Investigation of spitting behaviour of NiCoCrAlY type materials during electron beam evaporation
Authors: Pankov Vladimir , Seo Dongyi , Lee Sunghun , Byon Eungsun
Published: February 2020

Spitting behaviour of four casted and powder metallurgy ingots used in the fabrication of NiCoCrAlY-type environmental protective coatings by electron beam physical vapour deposition was investigated and correlated with ingot microstructures and compositions. Spits found in the coatings mainly consisted of the Ni5Y phase precipitated in the β-NiAl matrix while their typical size exceeded 50 µm. Spitting was less pronounced for ingots having a higher Cr content, larger size of γ-Ni(Co, Cr) precipitates formed within β-NiAl grains and narrower transitional zone formed at the interface between molten and unmolten ingot regions and consisting of coarsened β grains. Large (above 100 µm) agglomerates of the Ni5Y phase detected below the zone were identified as the main spit precursors.
The interplay between internal and external load parameters during different strength training sessions in resistance‐trained men
Authors: Martorelli André S. , De Lima Filipe D. , Vieira Amilton , Tufano James J. , Ernesto Carlos , Boullosa Daniel , Bottaro Martim
Published: February 2020

External load influences internal load in resistance training (RT). The purpose of the present study was to compare the total volume‐load, perceptual and stress responses during three different RT protocols. Twelve resistance‐trained men completed three different RT protocols with the back squat and bench press exercises: (1) power (POW) (5 sets of 6 repetitions at 50%1RM, 2‐min of rest), (2) hypertrophy (HYP) (5 sets‐to‐failure at 75%1RM, 2‐min of rest), and (3) strength (STR) (5 sets‐to‐failure at 90%1RM, 3‐min of rest). Volume‐load (kg × reps.), session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), training impulse (TRIMP; reps. × sRPE), cortisol, immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactate, and creatine kinase (CK) were assessed before and/or after the sessions. HYP was the most demanding session in terms of volume‐load (p < 0.001), TRIMP (p < 0.001), cortisol (p = 0.001), lactate (p < 0.001), and CK (p = 0.001). Despite POW exhibited a greater volume‐load than STR (p = 0.016), the latter exhibiting a greater sRPE (p < 0.001), and a greater post‐session CK (p = 0.05). However, the TRIMP of STR and POW were not statistically different (152 vs. 260 AU; p = 0.089). These specific responses could be meditated by the presence of muscular failure. When pooling all the sessions, significant correlations were revealed among external and internal stress markers (r = 0.35–0.80; p ≤ 0.05). The use of TRIMP could be recommended as a simple and valid monitoring tool which integrates into a single parameter the internal and the external loads of RT sessions.
A multi-stratal perspective on circumstantial meaning
Authors: Dreyfus Shoshana , Hao Jing
Published: February 2020

This paper provides a “broader” understanding of what is previously known from a grammatical perspective as “circumstantial meaning” or circumstantiation. This “broader” perspective takes into account more abstract meanings beyond grammar, considering both field (at the register stratum) and discourse semantics, in addition to lexicogrammar. The paper shows how the lexicogrammar alone is not able to adequately account for the meaning potential of “circumstantial meaning”, and how by examining this region of meaning from three strata, a fuller account of circumstantial meaning is made possible. A richer account of circumstantial meaning is necessary because, while circumstances may be considered structurally peripheral, earlier explorations of circumstantial meaning show that this area of meaning often makes important contributions to the register of any given text and to the building of disciplinary knowledge. This exploration is demonstrated through two texts: a student’s high scoring piece of creative writing from the subject of English in the final year of schooling and a synopsis of a history book on the Chinese fishing industry in colonial Australia. These texts reveal the significantly different ways in which circumstantial meanings are used in different subject areas – i.e., to contribute to setting up an “ambience” in literary texts and to developing knowledge in history.
An optogalvanic gas sensor based on Rydberg excitations
Authors: Schmidt J , Münzenmaier Y , Kaspar P , Schalberger P , Baur H , Löw R , Fruehauf N , Pfau T , Kübler H
Published: February 2020

We investigate the properties of a trace-gas sensing scheme based on Rydberg excitations at the example of an idealized model system. Rydberg states in thermal rubidium (Rb) are created using a 2-photon cw excitation. These Rydberg-excited atoms ionize via collisions with a background gas of nitrogen (N2). The emerging charges are then measured as an electric current, which is on the order of several picoampere. Due to the 2-photon excitation, this sensing method has a large intrinsic selectivity combined with a promising sensitivity of 10 ppb at an absolute concentration of 1 ppm. The determination of the detection limit is limited by the optical reference measurement but is at least 500 ppb.
Numerical simulation of flux jump behavior in REBaCuO ring bulks with an inhomogeneous Jc profile during pulsed-field magnetization
Authors: Hirano Tatsuya , Fujishiro Hiroyuki , Naito Tomoyuki , Ainslie Mark D
Published: February 2020

We have investigated the electromagnetic and thermal properties of a REBaCuO ring bulk with an inhomogeneous critical current density, J
c, profile during pulsed field magnetization (PFM) using a numerical simulation and compared those to a bulk with a homogeneous J
c profile. A notch was introduced in the bulk periphery, which was assumed as a crack existing in the actual bulk material. A sudden flux penetration (flux jump) took place through the notch area and as a result, a large temperature rise also took place around this notch. Consequently, the final trapped field profile was simulated to be a ‘C-shaped profile’, which qualitatively reproduced our previous experimental results. The size and position dependences of the notch on the flux penetration behaviour were also simulated, in which a larger and outer notch promotes the flux jump phenomenon easily. On the other hand, in the homogeneous model, under the same conditions, no flux jump phenomenon was observed. These results suggest that the imperfection in the bulk can be a possible starting point of the flux jump. The electromagnetic and thermal hoop stresses were also simulated in the ring bulk during PFM, in which the electromagnetic stress and the thermal stress were both observed to be lower than the fracture strength of the bulk material. This provides good evidence that the experimentally observed ‘C-shaped profile’ results from the flux jump rather than the fracture of the bulk.
Distributed quantum sensing enhanced by continuous-variable error correction
Authors: Zhuang Quntao , Preskill John , Jiang Liang
Published: February 2020

A distributed sensing protocol uses a network of local sensing nodes to estimate a global feature of the network, such as a weighted average of locally detectable parameters. In the noiseless case, continuous-variable (CV) multipartite entanglement shared by the nodes can improve the precision of parameter estimation relative to the precision attainable by a network without shared entanglement; for an entangled protocol, the root mean square estimation error scales like 1/M with the number M of sensing nodes, the so-called Heisenberg scaling, while for protocols without entanglement, the error scales like

1

/

M

. However, in the presence of loss and other noise sources, although multipartite entanglement still has some advantages for sensing displacements and phases, the scaling of the precision with M is less favorable. In this paper, we show that using CV error correction codes can enhance the robustness of sensing protocols against imperfections and reinstate Heisenberg scaling up to moderate values of M. Furthermore, while previous distributed sensing protocols could measure only a single quadrature, we construct a protocol in which both quadratures can be sensed simultaneously. Our work demonstrates the value of CV error correction codes in realistic sensing scenarios.
Formation, stability, and dynamics of vector bright solitons in a trapless Bose–Einstein condensate with spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Wang Ya-Jun , Wen Lin , Chen Guang-Ping , Zhang Shou-Gang , Zhang Xiao-Fei
Published: February 2020

We consider a binary self-attractive Bose–Einstein condensate with Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) in two-dimensional (2D) free space. The formation, stability, and dynamics of vector bright solitons are elucidated through numerical analysis and variational approximation. It is found that dynamically stabilized vector bright solitons can be formed in 2D free space with appropriate parameters and ramp schemes, and its motional trajectory and stability show nontrivial behavior and strong dependence on the direction of the force generated by the SOC. Finally, the case of the periodic modulation of SOC is discussed, and an experimental protocol is also given.
Ab initio study of structural, electronic, thermo-elastic and optical properties of Pt3Zr intermetallic compound
Authors: Metiri Wahiba , Cheikh Khaled
Published: February 2020

Structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of the Pt3Zr intermetallic compound are investigated using first principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the local density approximation (LDA). The Pt3Zr compound is predicted to be of cubic L12 and hexagonal D024 structures. The calculated equilibrium ground-state properties (lattice parameters a and c, bulk modulus B and its pressure derivative B′, formation enthalpy ΔH) of the Pt3Zr compound, for both cubic and hexagonal phases, show good agreement with the experimental results and other theoretical data. Elastic constants (C
11, C
12, C
13, C
33, C
44, and C
55) are calculated. The predicted elastic properties such as Young’s modulus E and shear modulus G
H, Poisson ratio ν, anisotropic ratio A, Kleinman parameter ξ, Cauchy pressure (C
12−C
44), ratios B/C
44 and B/G, and Vickers hardness H
v indicate the stiffness, hardness and ductility of the compound. Thermal characteristic parameters such as Debye temperature θ
D and melting temperature T
m are computed. Electronic properties such as density of states (DOS) and electronic specific heat γ are also reported. The calculated results reveal that the Fermi level is on the psedogap for the D024 structure and on the antibonding side for the L12 structure. The optical property functions (real part ε
1(ω) and imaginary part ε
2(ω) of dielectric function), optical conductivity σ(ω), refraction index n(ω), reflectivity R(ω), absorption α(ω) and extinction coefficients k(ω) and loss function L(ω)) are also investigated for the first time for Pt3Zr in a large gamme of energy from 0 to 70 eV.
Construction of operation parameters data acquisition system for 300 keV/20 mA EBM BATAN yogyakarta
Authors: Budianto A , Ramadhani A , Priyono E
Published: February 2020

Construction of components operating system and operation data parameters acquisition system for 300 keV/20 mA EBM PSTA-BATAN Yogyakarta has been done. The system is used for operating and monitoring of operation data parameters of 300 keV/20 mA EBM such as input oscillator power voltage, high voltage, high voltage current, coloumn current, regulated voltage of electron gun, electron beam current and vacuum pressure. The system consists of a hardware and a software. The hardware consisted of the SuperPLC FX2424 Module, L-Relay 51 module, voltage power supply, while the software as created using the LabVIEW version 2018 and i-TRiLOGI programs version 7.01. The construction of the system was started with the making of an operating program at i-TRiLOGI, making PLC and LabVIEW communications, programming the operating system in LabVIEW, making a data acquisition system in LabVIEW. The system was functioned to operate will operate EBM components via a computer device by pressing the operation buttons on the computer screen, while the operating parameters was displayed in the form of continuous graphics, digital tables and numbers. The system was equipped with operating data storage facilities that can be opened or printed at any time. The test results of communication testing between SuperPLC and LabVIEW was done with serial communication. The operation of the LabVIEW software was able to operate the programming function on PLC FX2424. From the ADC PLC test the linear graph results showed with a correlation value of 1. In the data appearance testing in HMI LabVIEW it was appropriate and the data presentation function could be performed in the form of tables and graphs and the data could be displayed in Ms. Excel for data tables and in Ms. format Word for graphical data.
Investigate quality factor of single tuned passive filter to reduce harmonic of LED lamp
Authors: Sarwono Edi , Apriaskar Esa , Azis Salim Nur
Published: February 2020

The use of LED energy-saving lamps is proliferating in the world and ranging from homes, offices to government buildings. The main reason for this is because LED lights have relatively small electrical power consumption. Behind the advantage of saving energy, it turns out that LED lights have a high level of harmonic. Passive filter is recommended to eliminate harmonic. The Quality factor (Q) of a filter will determine its performance. If the Q value is significant, the value of R will be smaller, and the quality of the filter will also be getting better because the energy used by the filter is lowering. It indicates that the heat losses of the filter are small. This work has tested four single tuned passive filter designs on X brand LED lamps with nominal power values of 3W, 4W, and 7W. The inductor values (L) tested were 65mH, 78mH, 91mH, and 115mH, respectively. The test results show that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of voltage on the X brand LED lights does not exceed the IEEE 519-2014 standard limit which is a maximum of 5%, because the highest harmonic voltage is 2.7%. While the highest total harmonic distortion (THD) of current in the LED lamps tested was 154%. The results of installing the first filter (L = 65mH) can reduce THD current up to 90.91%, the second filter (L = 78mH) reduces THD current up to 89.81%, the third filter (L = 91mH) reduces THD current up to 89.57%, while the fourth filter (L = 115mH) reduces THD current up to 86.86%.
Analysis of Land Use Changed in Ponorogo Based on Landsat 8 Imaginary using NDVI Classification
Authors: Basofi Arif , Widad Naufalita Nadia , Fariza Arna , Syauqi Ahsan Ahmad
Published: February 2020

Land use is a form of human intervention inland to meet the needs of both material needs and spiritual needs. Land use analysis is important for agricultural planning, urbanization and environmental studies. Remote-sensing data and GIS are an appropriate tool for the assessment of the global land-use change and environmental monitoring because of its spatial and temporal coverage capabilities. The change detection and assessment of land use using geospatial information allow the user to monitor land user over the large area and over a period of time. This study aims to classify land use in Ponorogo using Landsat 8 imagery. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used for the mapping of changes in the land cover. In this study the NDVI based classification has indicated about significant change in land use between year 2015 and 2017. The major change has been found in areas with dense vegetation such as forest, farm, where about 4.22% of areas have been degraded between year 2015 and 2017.
Design of leak testing machines for automatic generic drug packaging pressure capacity of 0.4 atm
Authors: Sugiyanto Didik , Asbanu Husen , Ajmil Mustofa Ahmad
Published: February 2020

The quality of packaging becomes a matter of concern that is packaging because it can produce the quality of the product being packaged, it is very necessary to have supplies for packaging on the packaging automatically. The purpose of this study is to help overcome the problem of packaging during the initial setup process before entering the packaging machine. The research method used is the design and discuss the function of machinery. Manufacture of packaging testing machines with 900 mm x 600 mm x 906 mm. Estimated to be 99,992,268 N/m2. The Control Program can be used using the Arduino UNO program. The process of vacuuming the waiting time for 2 minutes, the marking process is complete, then the pressure indicator returns to zero and the alarm sounds.
MEMS-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell for In Situ Analysis of the Cell Performance on The Electrode Surface
Authors: Dewantoro Herlambang Yusuf , Roihatin Anis , Kurnianingsih  , Ching Lee Shun- , Shyu Jin-Cherng
Published: February 2020

The present study investigates various effects of MEMS-based microfluidic fuel cell on the performance of direct formic acid microfluidic fuel cells that breathe air as an oxidant. A miniaturized fuel cell of the structure and design of a typical T-shaped air- breathing Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell with micro channel is 1.5 mm x 25 mm in width multiply length. Both anode and cathode electrode having a width and length of 0.6 mm and 20 mm, respectively, with an electrode spacing of 0.3 mm. An air-breathing microfluidic fuel cell having a 0.6 mm in width and 20 mm in length that is placed on cathode GDE down-side. In such systems for the fluid delivery, both formic acid (0.5 M) as a fuel solution mixing sulfuric acid (0.5 M) at a node channel side and as an electrolyte used sulfuric acid (0.5 M) place take on the cathode channel side are injected together into the end of the channel outlet by two syringe pumps. Firstly, a three-dimensional microfluidic fuel cell model was established using Computational Fluids Dynamics to simulate the fuel cell performance. Further, both V-I curves obtained from simulation and published experimental data under similar operating condition were compared to assure the validity of the simulation. Modelling the transport and electrochemical phenomena were described with hydrodynamic equations, the porous media flow, mass transport, electrochemical reaction and charge equation. The porous media flow in the gas diffusion layer was described by Brinkman equation. The Butler-Volmer equations were applied to get the V-I-P curves. An anode electrode surface performance, respectively, is presented.
Extracellular vesicles from human cardiovascular progenitors trigger a reparative immune response in infarcted hearts
Authors: Lima Correa Bruna , El Harane Nadia , Gomez Ingrid , Rachid Hocine Hocine , Vilar José , Desgres Manon , Bellamy Valérie , Keirththana Kamaleswaran , Guillas Chloé , Perotto Maria , Pidial Laetitia , Alayrac Paul , Tran Thi , Tan Sisareuth , Hamada Thomas , Charron Dominique , Brisson Alain , Renault Nisa K , Al-Daccak Reem , Menasché Philippe , Silvestre Jean-Sébastien
Published: February 2020

Aims

The cardioprotective effects of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPC) are largely mediated by the paracrine release of extracellular vesicles (EV). We aimed to assess the immunological behaviour of EV-CPC, which is a prerequisite for their clinical translation.

Methods and results

Flow cytometry demonstrated that EV-CPC expressed very low levels of immune relevant molecules including HLA Class I, CD80, CD274 (PD-L1), and CD275 (ICOS-L); and moderate levels of ligands of the natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor, NKG2D. In mixed lymphocyte reactions, EV-CPC neither induced nor modulated adaptive allogeneic T cell immune responses. They also failed to induce NK cell degranulation, even at high concentrations. These in vitro effects were confirmed in vivo as repeated injections of EV-CPC did not stimulate production of immunoglobulins or affect the interferon (IFN)-γ responses from primed splenocytes. In a mouse model of chronic heart failure, intra-myocardial injections of EV-CPC, 3 weeks after myocardial infarction, decreased both the number of cardiac pro-inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes and circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). In a model of acute infarction, direct cardiac injection of EV-CPC 2 days after infarction reduced pro-inflammatory macrophages, Ly6Chigh monocytes, and neutrophils in heart tissue as compared to controls. EV-CPC also reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-2, and IL-6, and increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These effects on human macrophages and monocytes were reproduced in vitro; EV-CPC reduced the number of pro-inflammatory monocytes and M1 macrophages, while increasing the number of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages.

Conclusions

EV-CPC do not trigger an immune response either in in vitro human allogeneic models or in immunocompetent animal models. The capacity for orienting the response of monocyte/macrophages towards resolution of inflammation strengthens the clinical attractiveness of EV-CPC as an acellular therapy for cardiac repair.
RUNX1: an emerging therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Riddell Alexandra , McBride Martin , Braun Thomas , Nicklin Stuart A , Cameron Ewan , Loughrey Christopher M , Martin Tamara P
Published: February 2020

Runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1), also known as acute myeloid leukaemia 1 protein (AML1), is a member of the core-binding factor family of transcription factors which modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in multiple systems. It is a master-regulator transcription factor, which has been implicated in diverse signalling pathways and cellular mechanisms during normal development and disease. RUNX1 is best characterized for its indispensable role for definitive haematopoiesis and its involvement in haematological malignancies. However, more recently RUNX1 has been identified as a key regulator of adverse cardiac remodelling following myocardial infarction. This review discusses the role RUNX1 plays in the heart and highlights its therapeutic potential as a target to limit the progression of adverse cardiac remodelling and heart failure.
A Pilot Integrative Analysis of Colonic Gene Expression, Gut Microbiota, and Immune Infiltration in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Association of Disease With Bile Acid Pathways
Authors: Quraishi Mohammed Nabil , Acharjee Animesh , Beggs Andrew D , Horniblow Richard , Tselepis Chris , Gkoutos Georgios , Ghosh Subrata , Rossiter A E , Loman Nicholas , van Schaik Willem , Withers David , Walters Julian R F , Hirschfield Gideon M , Iqbal Tariq H
Published: February 2020

Background

Although a majority of patients with PSC have colitis [PSC-IBD; primary sclerosing cholangitis-inflammatory bowel disease], this is phenotypically different from ulcerative colitis [UC]. We sought to define further the pathophysiological differences between PSC-IBD and UC, by applying a comparative and integrative approach to colonic gene expression, gut microbiota and immune infiltration data.

Methods

Colonic biopsies were collected from patients with PSC-IBD [n = 10], UC [n = 10], and healthy controls [HC; n = 10]. Shotgun RNA-sequencing for differentially expressed colonic mucosal genes [DEGs], 16S rRNA analysis for microbial profiling, and immunophenotyping were performed followed by multi-omic integration.

Results

The colonic transcriptome differed significantly between groups [p = 0.01]. Colonic transcriptomes from HC were different from both UC [1343 DEGs] and PSC-IBD [4312 DEGs]. Of these genes, only 939 had shared differential gene expression in both UC and PSC-IBD compared with HC. Imputed pathways were predominantly associated with upregulation of immune response and microbial defense in both disease cohorts compared with HC. There were 1692 DEGs between PSC-IBD and UC. Bile acid signalling pathways were upregulated in PSC-IBD compared with UC [p = 0.02]. Microbiota profiles were different between the three groups [p = 0.01]; with inferred function in PSC-IBD also being consistent with dysregulation of bile acid metabolism. Th17 cells and IL17-producing CD4 cells were increased in both PSC-IBD and UC when compared with HC [p < 0.05]. Multi-omic integration revealed networks involved in bile acid homeostasis and cancer regulation in PSC-IBD.

Conclusions

Colonic transcriptomic and microbiota analysis in PSC-IBD point toward dysregulation of colonic bile acid homeostasis compared with UC. This highlights important mechanisms and suggests the possibility of novel approaches in treating PSC-IBD.
Targeting cardiovascular inflammation: next steps in clinical translation
Authors: Lawler Patrick R , Bhatt Deepak L , Godoy Lucas C , Lüscher Thomas F , Bonow Robert O , Verma Subodh , Ridker Paul M
Published: February 2020

Systemic vascular inflammation plays multiple maladaptive roles which contribute to the progression and destabilization of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These roles include: (i) driving atheroprogression in the clinically stable phase of disease; (ii) inciting atheroma destabilization and precipitating acute coronary syndromes (ACS); and (iii) responding to cardiomyocyte necrosis in myocardial infarction (MI). Despite an evolving understanding of these biologic processes, successful clinical translation into effective therapies has proven challenging. Realizing the promise of targeting inflammation in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD will likely require more individualized approaches, as the degree of inflammation differs among cardiovascular patients. A large body of evidence has accumulated supporting the use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a clinical measure of inflammation. Appreciating the mechanistic diversity of ACS triggers and the kinetics of hsCRP in MI may resolve purported inconsistencies from prior observational studies. Future clinical trial designs incorporating hsCRP may hold promise to enable individualized approaches. The aim of this Clinical Review is to summarize the current understanding of how inflammation contributes to ASCVD progression, destabilization, and adverse clinical outcomes. We offer forward-looking perspective on what next steps may enable successful clinical translation into effective therapeutic approaches—enabling targeting the right patients with the right therapy at the right time—on the road to more individualized ASCVD care.
Acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain situations among the working population and their pain education needs: an exploratory study
Authors: Tang Shuk Kwan , Tse Mimi Mun Yee , Leung Sau Fong , Fotis Theofanis
Published: February 2020

Background

Pain affects a person’s physical and psychological well-being, work performance and productivity. Working population bear their pain and continue to work which may contribute to the worsening of their pain condition. However, their pain situation was not well-examined.

Objective

The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of acute and chronic pain in the working population in Hong Kong, understand their pain management strategies and determine their preferences with regard to the use of electronic pain management materials.

Methods

This was an exploratory online survey. The participants’ pain history, their preferences in methods of pain management, the source of the pain management education that they had received, sources and preferences in relation to the use of the Internet for pain education, and the participants’ demographic characteristics were collected.

Results

A total of 210 participants joined the study, 67% of whom were experiencing pain. Of the group in pain, 71.6% were in chronic pain that has persisted for 3 months or more. Pain intensities ranged from 2.82 to 3.82 on a 10-point numeric scale. Of the participants, 85.7% reported not receiving adequate pain management education, and 91.4% of those agreed pain services were inadequate. Websites and health care professionals were the sources from which they obtained their pain management education.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of pain in the working population requires special attention. Health care professionals should be proactive and an online pain management programme can be a solution to address the critical problem of pain in the working population.
TET2-mediated Cdkn2A DNA hydroxymethylation in midbrain dopaminergic neuron injury of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wu Ting-Ting , Liu Te , Li Xuan , Chen Ya-Jing , Chen Tian-Jiao , Zhu Xiao-Ying , Chen Jiu-Lin , Li Qing , Liu Ye , Feng Ya , Wu Yun-Cheng
Published: February 2020

It has been reported that abnormal epigenetic modification is associated with the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we found that a ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2), a staff of the DNA hydroxylases family, was increased in dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo. Genome-wide mapping of DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC)-sequencing has revealed an aberrant epigenome 5-hmC landscape in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cells. The TET family of DNA hydroxylases could reverse DNA methylation by oxidization of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hmC. However, the relationship between modification of DNA hydroxymethylation and the pathogenesis of PD is not clear. According to the results of 5-hmC-sequencing studies, 5-hmC was associated with gene-rich regions in the genomes related to cell cycle, especially gene-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (Cdkn2A). Downregulation of TET2 expression could significantly rescue MPP+-stimulated SH-SY5Y cell damage and cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, knockdown of Tet2 expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta of MPTP-induced PD mice resulted in attenuated MPTP-induced motor deficits and dopaminergic neuronal injury via p16 suppression. In this study, we demonstrated a critical function of TET2 in PD development via the CDKN2A activity-dependent epigenetic pathway, suggesting a potential new strategy for epigenetic therapy.
Extra-anatomical bypass to treat aortic endograft infection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Tang Yangfeng , Han Lin , Fan Xinli , Zhang Boyao , Zhang Jiajun , Xue Qin , Xu Zhiyun
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to report the case of 7 consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment for aortic endograft infection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The management included the reconstruction of aorta using extra-anatomic prosthetic graft bypass (between the ascending aorta and the abdominal aorta), removal of the infected endograft with debridement of the infected tissue and sac drainage, followed by prolonged antibiotic therapy. This brief communication highlights that the reconstruction of aorta using extra-anatomic prosthetic graft bypass during surgical treatment for aortic endograft infection after TEVAR was reliable and effective.