bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of textile industrial effluents on seed germination of Lentil (Lens esculentum)
Authors: Bharti Pawan Kr. , Kumar Pawan
Published: February 2021

Textile industrial effluents are highly polluted in nature and vary in its compositions. In the adjoining agricultural area of textile industries sector, there is immense degradation of crops productivity being contaminated by irrigation through tubewells or directly from the effluent drain or village pond. The present paper deals with the physico-chemical parameters of textile industrial effluents and its impacts on germination and growth performance of Lentil (Masoor) Lens esculentum, (Family: Leguminoceae, Sub-family: Papillionateae). Seeds were found more tolerant against 25% concentrated effluent.
Development of a concept of a modern boat base job automation
Authors: Fel’ker Mariya , Dolgopolov Ivan
Published: February 2021

The problems of organization of work of boat bases are considered. A study was carried out and the work of the administration of the boat base in the search for the missing vehicle and its owner was analyzed. Based on the study, the author proposes the use of an access control system.
Quantum supremacy in end-to-end intelligent IT. PT. III. Quantum software engineering – quantum approximate optimization algorithm on small quantum processors
Authors: Ivancova Olga , Korenkov Vladimir , Tyatyushkina Olga , Ulyanov Sergey , Fukuda Toshio
Published: February 2021

Principles and methodologies of quantum algorithmic gate-based design on small quantum computer described. The possibilities of quantum algorithmic gates simulation on classical computers discussed. A new approach to a circuit implementation design of quantum algorithm gates for fast quantum massive parallel computing presented. SW & HW support sophisticated smart toolkit of supercomputing accelerator of quantum algorithm simulation on small quantum programmable computer algorithm gate (that can program in SW to implement arbitrary quantum algorithms by executing any sequence of universal quantum logic gates) described
Recognition recipes with deep machine learning
Authors: Ulyanov Sergey , Filipyev Andrey , Koshelev Kirill
Published: February 2021

This article aims to reveal that deep machine learning algorithms can be applied in a variety of commercial companies in order to improve developing intelligent systems. The major task which would be discussedin the application of convolutional neural networks for recognizing recipes of products and providing the possibility of maintenance decision making in business processes. Besides algorithms, the problems of real projects like gathering and preprocessing data would be considered and possible solutions suggested.
Implementation of information system for woodworking enterprise
Authors: Kolbenko Ekaterina , Pugachev Alexandr
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the woodworking industry that sells timber and lumber. The analysis of the subject area was carried out, the problems of the company associated with the constant search for customers were identified; transfer of information, documents, reports on paper; lack of a single database for accounting documentation. In this regard, it was decided to select an information system that allows solving the identified problems. After a review of information systems, an information system was selected and implemented for the enterprise, which accelerates the process of paperwork for the sale of timber and lumber; increase the effi-ciency of processes for filling out documentation for the sale of forests; store customer information in a single database; keep records at all stages of harvested wood circulation and keep automated records in terms of harvesting, transportation, acceptance and shipment of roundwood.
CAPTCHA recognition based on a generative-adversarial network
Authors: Parfenov Anatoliy , Sychov Peter
Published: February 2021

CAPTCHA recognition is certainly not a new research topic. Over the past decade, researchers have demonstrated various ways to automatically recognize text-based CAPTCHAs. However, in such methods, the recognition setup requires a large participation of experts and carries a laborious process of collecting and marking data. This article presents a general, low-cost, but effective approach to automatically solving text-based CAPTCHAs based on deep learning. This approach is based on the architecture of a generative-competitive network, which will significantly reduce the number of real required CAPTCHAs.
Using deep domain adaptation for image-based plant disease detection
Authors: Rezvaya Ekaterina , Goncharov Pavel , Ososkov Gennady
Published: February 2021

Crop losses due to plant diseases isa serious problem for the farming sector of agricultureand the economy. Therefore, a multi-functional Plant Disease Detection Platform (PDDP) was developed in the LIT JINR. Deep learning techniques are successfully used in PDDP to solve the problem of recognizing plant diseases from photographs of their leaves. However, such methods require a large training dataset. At the same time, there are number of methods used to solve classification problems in cases of a small training dataset, asfor example,domain adaptation(DA)methods.In this paper, a comparative study of three DA methods is performed:Domain-Adversarial Training of Neural Networks (DANN), two-steps transfer learning and Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Deep Metric Learning (M-ADDA).The advantage of the M-ADDA methodwas shown, which allowed toachieve 92% ofclassification accuracy.
Design of hardware-software systems in the educational process with the use of virtual computer lab
Authors: Sidorov Dmitry , Belov Mikhail
Published: February 2021

The article describes an illustrative example of IoT-solutions that students can independently design and create using virtualization and containerization tools in a Virtual Computer Lab (VCL) environment. This article will allow you to more accurately represent the conditions and limitations that have to be overcome in traditional computer classes, as well as design requirements for a special VCL circuit, which will allow students to send requests for equipment configuration, inventory equipment, implement an intelligent queue and resource management system, and also verify correct connections of equipment based on machine earning with reinforcement. Learning the basics of designing IoT-solutions on Arduino and Raspberry Pi and creating management software allows you to train specialists who can contribute to the creation and development of high-tech advanced software and technology solutions.
Factores que influyen en la educación continua desde la perspectiva del profesional de enfermería
Authors: Guaña Bravo Elena Silvana , Ramírez Pérez Taycia , Mariño Cano Héctor , Ávila Peña Youdesley
Published: February 2021

El personal de enfermería ha trabajado por perfeccionar su objeto epistémico a través de las dimensiones en las que se desarrolla, sin embargo se ha quedado estancado dentro de repeticiones de actividades asistenciales, estudios demuestran que el conocimiento empírico adquirido no es suficiente para los retos en la sociedad y los cambios en el proceso salud enfermedad evidenciando la necesidad de acceder a cursos de educación continua , pero existen retos que dificultan el acceso a programas de formación y capacitación. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los factores que influyen en la participación en la educación continua desde la perspectiva del profesional de enfermería. En la metodología, se realizó un estudio dentro del paradigma interpretativo – sociocrítico, de tipo cualitativo y de corte etnográfico, contextualizado en un hospital del segundo nivel de atención en el Ecuador. Los participantes fueron 4 profesionales de enfermería y se les aplico una entrevista semiestructurada sobre el tema en cuestión propiciando una reflexión acerca del mismo. Los principales resultados destacan que los factores que influyen en la educación continua desde la perspectiva del profesional de enfermería son la sobrecarga laboral, el exceso de responsabilidad, además que los cursos no están enfocados en temas de interés para el profesional desmotivándolos. Se concluye que a pesar de la necesidad sentida de que se realice educación contínua en los profesionales de enfermería, existen factores que dificultan su realización que van desde el ámbito laboral, institucional hasta motivos personales produciendo una desmotivación en la ejecución de los mismos.
ACCUMULATION OF 137Cs IN HONEY PRODUCED BY BEES FROM NECTAR OF AGRICULTURAL HONEYBEAR IN THE NORTHERN POLISIA
Authors: Razanov Serhiy , Shevchuk Victoriya , Komynar Mykola
Published: February 2021

The quality and safety of beekeeping products depends primarily on the ecological condition of natural nectar-pollinating lands. It is known that nectar-pollinating lands after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant were radioactively contaminated, which led to the accumulation of radionuclides in nectar, as well as in the product of its processing by bees - copper, in some cases above acceptable levels of cesium-137 16 nKi / kg (TAL - 91). This level of cesium-137 concentration was characteristic of honey produced by bees directly in the conditions of the northern Polissya of Ukraine within the Narodytsky, Ovruchsky and Polissya districts of the Zhytomyr region. In these areas of nectar-pollinating lands, in soils of which the specific activity of cesium-137 ranged from 1 Ki / km2 to 5 Ki / km2, levels were observed in honey that exceeded TAL - 91.
It has been proved that the migration of cesium-137 into honey depends on the level of contamination of honey lands and the botanical origin of honey plants. The lowest content of radiocaesium immediately after the Chernobyl accident was found in dandelion and linden honey, and the highest - from legumes and honeysuckle of forest plantations, such as buckthorn, raspberry, ivan tea. A relatively high content of radiocaesium was found in honey produced by bees from thyme and heather, even in areas where the content of cesium-137 was higher than 1 Ki / km2.
As a result of the research, it was found that the production of honey from winter oilseed rape and sunflower in terms of nectar-pollinating agricultural land returned to agricultural production after 34 years after the Chernobyl accident with a specific activity of cesium-137 in soil up to 2.47 Ki / km2 is safe. The specific activity of cesium-137 in such pollution was lower than TAL-2006 in honey produced by bees from winter rape and sunflower, respectively 11 times and 8.2 times.
In honey produced by bees from the nectar of winter rape, there was a lower concentration of cesium-137 in 1.14 times compared to sunflower honey.
FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF BIOPREPARATIONS FOR CULTIVATION OF OYSTER MUSHROOMS ON STRAW SUBSTRATE
Authors: Vdovenko Sergiy , Polutin Olexiy
Published: February 2021

The world’s population consumes a significant amount of mushrooms each year. Beginners in mushroom growing are considered to be the Chinese, who at the beginning of our era learned to grow different species of basidiomycetes. Today, Ukraine has a significant potential for the development of mushroom growing: there are the necessary raw materials for substrates and still unoccupied premises. Research institutions preserve a unique collection of high-yielding strains, and specialized laboratories produce high-quality seed mycelium.
The article is devoted to the study of the influence of biologicals on the
productivity of oyster mushrooms of the common strain K-12 during intensive cultivation on a straw substrate. Based on research, it is established that the use of biologicals as an adjunct to the substrate affects the growth processes of the fungus.
Biometric indicators of fruit body weight with the use of azotophyte or phytocyde exceeded the indicators of fruit body weight grown on the substrate, where the biological product was not used by 2,0 g, and the diameter of the cap was inferior to 2,0 and 6,0 mm, respectively. Fungi obtained on the substrate without the use of the biological product were characterized by a shorter leg length compared to the variant using azotophyte by 3,0 mm, and exceeded the test value by 4 mm using phytocyde. From the use of azotophyte or phytocide, the diameter of the stem of the fruiting body decreases to 12,0-15,0 mm.
Carrying out of timely agrotechnical actions promotes reception of a qualitative harvest of fruit bodies of an oyster mushroom. Before harvesting, the fruiting bodies were characterized by a typical shape and inherent color of the cap and were in technical maturity. The cap of the fruit body did not crack, was not damaged by pests, and its humidity was 65,0-68,0 %.
The activity of the bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus subtilis has an effect on the productivity of strain K-12, they stimulate the formation of more primordia. With the use of Azotophyte or Phytocide, the yield increases by 22,0 and 18,0 %. The total yield of oyster mushroom consists of two waves of fruiting. The yield of the first wave of fruiting is 2,3 times higher than the yield of the second wave of fruiting. The use of Azotophyte helps to increase the yield of the first wave of fruiting fungus by 2,2 kg / 100 kg of substrate, and phytocide – by 1,8 kg / 100 kg of substrate.
The use of Azotophyte or Phytocyde as an additive to the substrate is economically advantageous: the net profit increases by 32 and 24 %, and the level of profitability - by 1,2-1,1 times, respectively.
Impact of the Strategies Deployed by Morocco to Reduce Health and Socio-Economic Risks during the First Half of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ninich Oumaima , Ettahir Aziz , Jossou Thierry Rock , Kamal Kettani , Medenou Daton
Published: February 2021

Over the last three decades, the world has been confronted with several respiratory syndromes epidemics as: SARS in 2002, the H1N1 pandemic in 2009, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012 and the Ebola epidemic in 2014. They have resulted in significant direct and indirect mortality and morbidity. In this work, we analyze the strategies implemented by Morocco by highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of all the actions undertaken that have made Morocco an example in the COVID-19 pandemic management. In order to obtain convincing results, Morocco adopted the precautionary principle by taking drastic measures as soon as the first case of contamination appeared. These measures were taken considering the population, thus saving time and gradually acquiring the adequate logistical resources for the epidemic management. Among these measures which have proved their effectiveness, we find the emergence of a local sanitary equipment and devices industry necessary for the protection and care of COVID-19 (artificial respirator, masks, hydro-alcoholic gel...), the construction of the largest hospital in Africa in 15 days (700 beds) for the care of people with COVID-19, the chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine based dual therapy adoption, compensation for individuals and companies, the cultural aspect and societal practices in addition to strict progressive containment. Thus, the study of the strategies implemented by the government of the Kingdom of Morocco since the state of emergency declared on 20 March, the date of the containment beginning to its end, has highlighted the main influences on the capacity of all the players to successfully manage the socio-economic and health situation, making Morocco an example in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic, as have Germany, South Korea and the Scandinavian countries, with a lethality under 200 deaths.
Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation for Reducing Methotrexate Side Effects in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: an Evidence-based Case Report
Authors: Presialia Athira , Setyohadi Bambang
Published: February 2021

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease,indicated by a symmetrical erosive synovitis. Disease-modifying anti-rheumaticdrugs (DMARDs) are known to interfere with signs and symptoms of RA, improvephysical function and therefore increase patient productivity. Methotrexate is ananchor drug for rheumatoid arthritis patients, however, its related mechanism ofaction with folate deficiency resulting in some side effects, includinggastrointestinal and liver toxicity. Folic acid supplementation may reduce theseside effects. Method: A search was conducted on Pubmed, Cochrane, EBSCOhost,and ProQuest. After the selection of title and abstract was done using inclusionand exclusion criteria, which led to one relevant article. The selected study wascritically appraised for its validity, importance, and applicability. Result: Inrheumatoid arthritis patient receiving methotrexate, there was a statisticallysignificant reduction in the incidence of abnormal transaminase elevation (RR:0.19, 95% CI: 0.10-0.36), but the reduction in gastrointestinal side effects did notreach statistical significance (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57-1.01) Conclusion: Folic acidsupplementation has an effect in reducing gastrointestinal and liver toxicity as sideeffects of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Correlation Between Mex-Sledai and Mean Platelet Volume In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Paramaiswari,SpPD, K-R Dr. Ayu , Susilo Dody Hendro , Wachid Achadiono Deddy Nur
Published: February 2021

A B S T R A C TBackground. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmunedisease which has a variety of clinical phenotypes with a complex clinical course.The clinical phenotypes are highly variable which can be characterized by acuteattacks, active periods, controllable or remission. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is astraightforward accessible indicator of platelet activity and is associated withsystemic inflammation. The routine usage of MPV as markers for disease activityin SLE remains problematic. Early detection of disease progression is pivotal in themanagement of SLE for obtaining better outcomes. Objective. The study aimed toconfirm that the measurement of the disease severity in patients with SLE usingMex-SLEDAI has a negative correlation with the decrease of MPV value. Methods.This cross-sectional analytic descriptive study was conducted using secondary datafrom the medical records of patients with SLE older than 18 years of age who werenot taking antiplatelets in the Internal Medicine policlinic of Dr. Sardjito GeneralHospital in 2018. Patients with a previous history of cardiovascular andcerebrovascular events, malignancies, receiving a treatment for infections,including sepsis, chronic infections (i.e. tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus, herpessimplex, herpes zoster), HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis C, and incomplete data ofmedical record were excluded. The correlation between SLEDAI Mex and MPVvalues was evaluated using the Spearman's correlation test. Results. Sixty-sevensubjects (65 women, 2 men) aged 34 ± 11 years were recruited in the study. Themedian duration of diagnosis was 38,2 ± 45,7 months. Arthritis, skin rash andphotosensitivity were identified in 81,1%, 53,7%, and 46,3% of patients,respectively. The Mex-SLEDAI score ranged from 0 to 16. The average of MPV valueis 9.73 ± 1.21 fL. A significant correlation between MPV and SLEDAI Mex wasobserved (p = 0.03 (p <0.05), r = -0.255). Conclusion. The more severe SLE diseaseactivity (based on the Mex-SLEDAI scoring), the more negative correlation with theMPV value.
Role of videolaryngostroboscopy in the diagnosis of dysphonic patient with normal fiberoptic laryngoscopy
Authors: Al-Helo Sajad , Al-Safi Ahmed , Aljanabi Rahma
Published: February 2021

Background: Dysphonia is altered voice quality, pitch, loudness, or vocal effort that impairs people’s quality of life.
It is a very common complaint affecting nearly one-third of a population at some point in their life and could be
caused by infection, tumor, trauma, vocal cord paralysis, etc .
Indirect mirror or endoscopic laryngoscopy is used to assess the laryngeal condition in dysphonic patients seeking
mainly for the cause, but frequently the findings were normal or unremarkable .
Videolaryngoscopy (VLS) is very useful in dysphonic patients who have an otherwise normal indirect or flexible
laryngoscopic examination. In addition to providing information regarding vocal fold vibrations, the image obtained
through VLS can be magnified to make a more detailed assessment of the vocal cord anatomy than is possible with
rigid of flexible laryngoscopy.
Objective of study: To assess the videolaryngostroboscopic findings in dysphonic patients with normal fiber-optic
laryngoscopy.
Patient & Method: A cross-sectional study, Fifty patients were included in the study; They had complained of
dysphonia, and the fiber-optic laryngoscopic examination was normal. Videostroboscopy were obtained for all
patients to assess vocal fold vibration and seek any abnormal findings.
Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in this study. Regarding the stroboscopic findings, 42% of the patients
were normal, 15 (30%) had early soft singer’s nodules, 6 patients (12%) had intracordal lesions, 4 patients (8%)had
vocal cord polypoidal changes, 2 patients (4%) had presbylaryngis, and the other 2 patients (4%) had sulcus vocalis.
Conclusion: VLS is beneficial in detecting vocal cord lesions in patients with normal fiber-optic laryngoscopy. A
high proportion (more than half) of dysphonic patients with normal fiber-optic laryngoscopy had abnormal findings.
Keywords: Stroboscopy, Videolaryngoscopy, Fiberoptic laryngoscopy, Dysphonia.
Antisocial Behavior Etiologies
Authors: Hantoosh Sundus , Ameen Rasha , Amin Seenaa
Published: February 2021

Antisocial behavior is a broad term that encompasses many facets of destructive behavior, most
of which bring harm to another person or involve the violation of rights of others. Main antisocial
behavior victims are young individuals, women and children. Numerous factors interact together
for the development of aggression and antisocial behavior; these factors are social, environmental,
physiological, neurological, and genetic. Consequently, this paper addresses the principal
etiologic factors that participate in the development of antisocial behaviors for children,
adolescents, and adult individuals .
Keywords: antisocial behavior, predatory, aggression, violent
Peningkatan Kemamapuan Guru Fisika di Era New Normal Melalui Pelatihan Eksperimentasi Fisika Yang Mudah dan Efektif Secara Daring
Authors: Hadiati Soka , Matsun Matsun , Sari Ira Novita , Angraeni Lia , Sukardi Eti , Pramuda Adi
Published: February 2021

Pembelajaran daring mengakibatkan eksperimen fisika tidak dapat dilaksanakan dengan optimal. Guru dan siswa kesulitan dalam melaksanakan praktikum. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pelatihan eksperimentasi fisika yang mudah dan efektif di era new normal. Pelatihan ini menggabungkan metode ekspositori, demonstrasi dan latihan mandiri. Pelatihan eksperimentasi fisika berbasis potensi lokal, daring, dan Arduino menambah pengetahuan terkait jenis-jenis eksperimentasi. Pengetahuan peserta setelah kegiatan pelatihan meningkat dengan n-gain=0,50. Peserta pelatihan memberikan respon yang baik terhadap kegiatan PKM. Eksperimentasi fisika berbasis potensi lokal, daring, dan Arduino menambah variasi praktikum yang dapat diterapkan oleh guru dalam pembelajaran selama masa new normal. Pendampingan implementasi eksperimen fisika perlu dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dan berkala. Guru-guru perlu dibimbing terutama dalam merancang eksperimen berbasis IoT dan mengembangkannya menjadis sebuah alat percobaan yang dapat di terapkan di sekolah
Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Babies 0-6 Months in Medan Sunggal District
Authors: Sihite Rotua Marseline , Rifai Achmad , Utami Tri Niswati
Published: February 2021

Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is very important for both mother and baby. The number of mothers who exclusively breastfeed their babies is still low (<80%). Medan Sunggal Puskesmas, Medan Sunggal Subdistrict, has a low achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in 2018 at 49.3% and decreased in 2019, namely 45.6%. Many factors influence exclusive breastfeeding, namely predisposing factors, enabling factors and reinforing factors. The purpose of this study was to find the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 0-6 months in Medan Sunggal District. Population of 256 people. Samples using the Slovin formula obtained 156 people. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate using multiple logistic regression tests at the 95% significance level. The results showed that statistically knowledge (0.016), attitude (0.016), maternal ability (<0.001), breastfeeding facilities (0.001), husband's support (0.004), and parental support (0.010) had a significant effect on exclusive breastfeeding. Trust, ability of health workers, support from friends and the role of cadres have no effect. The dominant factor influencing is the ability of mothers with the value of Exp (B) 30,233, meaning that mothers have good abilities tend to be 30,233 times the mother gives exclusive breastfeeding to babies than the ability is not good. The conclusion is that the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding are knowledge, attitudes, abilities of mothers, breastfeeding facilities, husband's support and parental support. It is recommended that the Medan Sunggal government to increase regular counseling and form a companion group to make exclusive breastfeeding successful through peer groups or groups of mothers who love babies.
Effect of Health Service Quality Toward Patients Satisfaction
Authors: Vatica Jeny Riska , Nur’aini Nur’aini , Lubis Masnelly
Published: February 2021

The quality of service at the Community Health Center (Puskesmas) is an important factor in creating patient satisfaction. The results of measuring patient satisfaction that are objective and accurate can assist the health center in formulating a better form of service. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of health service quality on outpatient satisfaction. This type of research is an analytic survey with a cross sectional approach using primary data with questionnaires and secondary data from Community Health Center (Puskesmas) reports. The population in this study were patients who had outpatient visits from January to July 2020 with a total sample of 99 people who were determined using the accidental sampling method. The analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Chi square test results showed that technical competence (p = 0.001 <0.05), effectiveness (p = 0.002 <0.05), human relations (p = 0.000 <0.05), comfort (p = 0.099> 0, 05) and timeliness (p = 0.001 <0.05). The logistic regression test shows that the variable that most influences patient satisfaction is the relationship between humans with an Exp (B) value of 4.195. The conclusion of this research is that technical competence, effectiveness, human relations and timeliness have a relationship with patient satisfaction, while comfort has no relationship with patient satisfaction. Efforts are needed to improve the quality of outpatient services by establishing a harmonious relationship between health workers and patients in order to achieve services that are able to satisfy patients.
Breathing Processing to Help Maintain Health Includes Techniques and Benefits
Authors: Salonga Gianna , Aunor Vanessa
Published: February 2021

Breathing exercises are designed and performed to achieve more controlled and efficient ventilation. The dilation of blood vessels affects blood pressure, which is to reduce the resistance to blood flow, so that blood pressure tends to be normal. Holding your breath also helps to increase your concentration, and stabilizes your emotions. Thoughts and emotions feel more stable and it is easy to concentrate on holding your breath. In breath-holding meditation practice is very helpful in increasing concentration. By holding your breath when the lungs are filled with air or empty, the process of taking oxygen by the blood stops, resulting in a lack of oxygen in the blood. This condition stimulates the blood to form more Hb cells, so that when you inhale, the amount of oxygen absorbed by the blood increases, as well as when you exhale, the amount of CO2 that is removed is also greater. The holding of breath will also cause a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body's tissues, which increases the acidity of the body's tissues. The process of moving air in and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the body's internal environment, primarily by introducing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Breathing exercises are designed and performed to achieve more controlled and efficient ventilation.
Carbon fiber. Obtaining, modification, properties, applications.
Authors:   Limited Liability Company «Alabuga-Volokno», Umatex Group. State Corporation «Rosatom», Nurmukhametova Anna N.
Published: February 2021

The main methods for producing a polyacrylonitrile precursor, methods for producing carbon fiber, its properties, and applications are presented. Patent research in the field of polyacrylonitrile precursor and carbon fiber. Technological problems in the subject area are identified, namely the development of technologies and equipment for producing high-strength carbon fiber, the development of technologies and equipment to reduce the cost of carbon fiber production, the development of technologies for improving the quality of carbon fiber-based composites, and the main ways to solve them are given. Ways to solve them are developing a technology for producing a polyacrylonitrile precursor for producing high-strength carbon fibers by the wet spinning method, developing a “dry-wet” method for producing polyacrylonitrile, developing high-performance equipment for producing technical polyacrylonitrile precursor in the form of bundles, developing technologies and equipment for efficient regeneration and utilization waste, heat and emissions from the production of carbon fibers, the development of new compositions of precursors and the transition to materials with a higher linear density, optimization of the structure of carbon fiber reinforced plastic to increase strength, the development of technologies and the creation of production of modern types of binders, including the addition of nanoparticles. The main methods for modifying the surface of a carbon fiber that are currently existing are considered.
Theoretical research of the force field of (difluoroamino)trinitromethane in the coordinates Хδ0
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Averyanova Olga S. , Belik Alexander V. ,   Chelyabinsk State University
Published: February 2021

Actual problem of modern chemists-researchers is studying the properties of molecules of compounds. The latest achievements in the field of computer engineering and quantum chemistry make it possible to research various physicochemical parameters of studying compounds using theoretical calculations. Calculation methods can greatly simplify the task, as they are safer and more economical than experiment. It is noted that methane derivatives are also currently of interest for research in connection with their widespread use. This paper is devoted to the study of the force fields of molecule of (difluoro-amino)trinitromethane using quantum chemical calculations. The Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr method of density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP with a hybrid potential of 6-311++G(3df, 3pd) was chosen as the main approximation for the work performed, since when using it, the best quality of the result is noted. Also, in the present work, as an alternative to chemical (natural) coordinates, new coordinates Xδ0 were chosen, which allows one to take into account torsional vibrations. The calculations presented in this work were performed using the Gaussian and GaussView programs, designed to calculate a large number of properties and characteristics of chemical reactions. In this paper, using the proposed approach, the geometry of the molecule of (difluoroamino)tri-notromethane has been optimized, the geometric parameters of these compound were considered, in particular, the valence angles, dihedral angles, and long bonds were calculated, corresponding to the minimum energy of this molecule. For the first time, generalized force coefficients for F2NC(NO2)3 were calculated, and the "stiffness" of the chemical compounds of the molecule under study was evaluated. The frequencies of normal vibrations (wave numbers) for the studied compound in the harmonic approximation were calculated and analyzed. A comparison of the obtained wave numbers with experimental data is given. The results obtained indicate a satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment. A general view of the vibrational spectrum of (difluoroamino)trinotromethane obtained as a result of quantum chemical calculations is presented. The conclusion is drawn about the possibilities of applying the B3LYP 6-311++G(3df, 3pd) approach for calculating the frequencies of normal vibrations and force coefficients.
Quantum-chemical study of mechanisms of sulfonation of benzoic and benzenesulfonic acids hydrazides in the gas phase
Authors:   Ivanovo State University, Kochetova Ludmila B. , Kustova Tatyana P. ,   Ivanovo State University, Kruglyakova Alyona A. ,   Ivanovo State University
Published: February 2021

Quantum-chemical simulation of the mechanisms of 3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride interaction with benzhydrazide (RHF/6-31G(d)) and benzenesulfohydrazide (DFT//B3LYP/6 311G(d,p)) in the gas phase was carried out. Three-dimensional potential energy surfaces of these processes are calculated in the coordinates of the angle of attack of the nucleophile and the distance between the reacting molecules. It has been established that in the both cases considered, reactions can proceed in the gas phase along a single route, through a single saddle point corresponding to a single transition state; processes begin as an axial attack of nucleophile, which subsequently proceeds with a decrease in the attack angle as the reagents molecules approach each other. It was shown that the both studied processes proceed in accordance with the bimolecular concerted mechanism of nucleophilic substitution SN2, which involves the formation of a single transition state in a reaction pathway and the absence of intermediates on it. Scanning the internal coordinate of benzhydrazide reaction with 3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride made it possible to confirm the reaction route and mechanism of the process pointed out and to clarify the structure of its products and reagents. It was found that the geometric structure of the reaction center in the reactions transition states is medium between the trigonal-bipyramidal and tetragonal-pyramidal, which is due to the change in the nucleophilic attack angle when the reagents molecules approach each other. It was found that in reactions involving hydrazides a “synchronous” transition state is formed in which a new S-N bond is formed simultaneously with the loosening of the old S-Cl bond. The activation energies of the reactions are calculated; they amounted to 173 and 113 kJ/mol, respectively. The high values obtained are explained by the fact that the simulation was carried out for processes occurring in a gas hase. It was shown that the decrease in the activation energy of the reaction involving benzenesulfohydrazide as compared to the benzhydrazide reaction is due to a decrease in steric hindrances during nucleophilic attack created by the lone electron pair of the benzenesulfohydrazide secondary amino group as compared to the benzhydrazide molecule. The calculated values of charges on the nitrogen atoms of the –NH– groups in the hydrazides molecules indicate a weakening of the α-effect upon the transition from benzenesufohydrazide to benzhydrazide.
Environmental assessment of Iraq's water system
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Al-Fradi Falih Hasan Abdulhussein , Smyatskaya Yulia A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politaeva Natalia A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: February 2021

The main sources of water supply for the Iraq industries and settlements are water resources of Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The settlements, agriculture and industry facilities, primary located along the banks of the main rivers and their tributaries, together negatively influence the surface waters of the region. The search for sources for water supply is a serious problem due to the high pollution of water in settlements, the growing problem of desertification in the region, the reduction of water volumes in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers due to the construction of dams. A major threat to surface water quality is emergency and unauthorized industrial and domestic discharges, which can be extremely dangerous for water sources. Traditional water treatment technologies are ineffective and do not provide reliable drinking water quality for the population. The water system of the Tigris rivers in Baghdad is characterized by a high content of dissolved substances, sulfates, calcium, some metals (Pb, Cd, Hg), bacteriological indicators. Significant pollution is observed in the Euphrates River, for such parameters as turbidity, suspended and dissolved substances, BOD, sodium, calcium, sodium chloride. Heavy metal pollution is noted in some sections of the river near Hill. The objective of this study was to examine and analyze the geoecological condition of water resources of Iraq as the essential source of water supply for the country. The information was gathered from literature, Internet and own research. The study showed that the water resources of all river systems in Iraq were polluted by some physicochemical parameters which do not satisfy to the Iraq standards.
Extraction and separation of cadmium and nickel from two-phase aqueous systems by the method of liquid extraction, corresponding to the concept of "green chemistry"
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic  University, Tangalychev Roman D. , Berezin Nikolay B. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Mezhevich Zhanna V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Buzov Sergey V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Temnikov Stanislav R. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: February 2021

Extraction of valuable metals from chemical current sources allows not just to solve the problem of their disposal, but also to prevent environmental pollution. This approach is of particular importance in the case of the presence of toxic metals in chemical current sources, such as cadmium. Cadmium is known to have general toxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects on living organisms. Nickel can cause allergic reactions and have a general toxic effect. According to some reports, nickel has a carcinogenic and mutagenic effect. The aim of the work is to obtain data on the extraction and separation of cadmium and nickel during the disposal of chemical current sources by liquid extraction, depending on the process conditions. The work obtained data on the separation, extraction of cadmium and nickel from Ni–Cd chemical current sources (CСS) using an two-phase aqueous extraction system consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEO-1500), a phase-forming salt of Na2SO4 and water. The extraction behavior of metals and their separation into lower and upper phases using an extractant, potassium iodide, was studied. The maximum recovery of Cd (99.2 ± 1)% and Ni (89.4 ± 1)% is achieved by leaching the batteries with HCl under the following conditions: KI concentration of 3 g/l, dilution coefficient of the CСS solution is 35. The liquid extraction method used in this work has been shown to be effective for the separation of the metals in question and has an advantage in terms of environmental safety. This extraction technique corresponds to the concept of "green chemistry".
Ways to utilize by-products in the production of silica from rice husk
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Gotlib Еlena M. , Phuong Ha Thi Nha ,   Viet Tri University of Industry, Shilnikova Nadezhda V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: February 2021

The development of modern technologies for the use of rice husk (RH) as a raw material for the production of silicon dioxide (DC) is relevant. However, in the process of obtaining DC from RH, as a rule, solutions of acids and alkalis use. This makes it important to search for rational ways to regenerate these liquids and utilize exhaust gas emissions into the atmosphere in order to solve the problems of environmental protection. In the synthesis of DC based on RH, the following wastes are obtained: solid – carbon, liquid – solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium oxide, exhaust gases. For utilization of the latter, it is effective to use the absorption purification method, based on the absorption by liquid reagents of toxic gases and vapors from their mixtures with air. The resulting sludge can be effectively used as a filler, in the manufacture of pavements (for example, asphalt). The resulting acidic wastewater can be used to neutralize alkaline solutions. After neutralization, in addition to discharging into the environment, these wastes can be used as chemical fertilizers (since they contain sodium chloride). Carbon can be used in the production of effective sorbents used, for example, to eliminate oil spills in environmental emergencies. Silicon dioxide obtained from rice husk is an effective filler of epoxy polymers, increasing their hardness, wear resistance and improving antifriction characteristics. It provides acceleration of the curing process and the formation of more denser cross linked structure of filled materials. The nature of the modifying action of silicon dioxide does not depend on the temperature of burning rice husk, which affects only the magnitude of the effects achieved.
Theoretical research of the force field of chlorotrinitromethane in the coordinates Хδ0
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Averyanova Olga S. , Belik Alexander V. ,   Chelyabinsk State University
Published: February 2021

At present, nitro compounds are widely used in industry and medicine. This necessitates a more thorough study of their specific properties and the construction of theoretical models for their prediction. A special role in this process is given to IR and Raman spectroscopy. However, model calculations are needed to interpret vibrational spectra. This work is devoted to quantum-chemical studies of the force field of the ClC(NO2)3 molecule and the solution of the direct spectral problem for the selected object. The Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr B3LYP method with a hybrid potential of 6-311++G(3df, 3pd), as the most promising, was used as the main approach for the study. In addition, in this paper, as an alternative to chemical (natural) coordinates, new coordinates Xδ0 were chosen, it lets talk about the correctness of the calculations. The calculations presented in this article were implemented using Gaussian and GaussView computer programs designed to calculate a number of molecular properties and characteristics of chemical reactions. Using the chosen method, in this work, the geometry of the trinitrochloromethane molecule was optimized, the geometric parameters of the compound under study were examined, in particular, were calculated the values of valence angles, dihedral angles, and bond lengths characteristic of the equilibrium configuration of the compound under study. For the first time, generalized force coefficients were obtained for the ClC(NO2)3 molecule in the Xδ0 coordinates, which were proposed by L.S. Mayants and G.B. Shaltuper, as universal coordinates in which it is possible to correctly solve the spectral problem. An assessment of the "rigidity" of the chemical bonds of the test compound was carried out. The wave numbers (frequencies of normal vibrations) for the studied molecule in the harmonic approximation are calculated and analyzed. A comparison of the obtained wave numbers with experimental data is given. The results obtained demonstrate a satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment. A general view of the vibrational spectrum of trinitrochloromethane obtained by calculation is presented.
Oxidative stress and low molecular weight antioxidants in triticale shoots under chloride salinization
Authors:   Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Ivanishchev Viktor V.
Published: February 2021

We studied the alterations in oxidative stress indicators (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, lipid peroxidation – LPO) and the alterations in the content of low molecular weight metabolites (ascorbic acid, glutathione, proline, chlorophyll and carotenoids) in the shoots of triticale (Triticosecale) under short-term (0-96 h) sodium chloride stress (120 mM) with statistical methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. An analysis of the alterations in oxidative stress indicators allowed us to calculate the correlation coefficients for the pairs: peroxide – superoxide (0.52), peroxide – LPO (0.62), superoxide – LPO (0.23). The inclusion in the analysis of data on alterations in the content of low molecular weight antioxidants showed that the PCA method forms three main groups for all the studied characteristics: (1) LPO and hydrogen peroxide, (2) chlorophyll and carotenoids, (3) glutathione and ascorbate. The correlation coefficients were calculated for pairs: ascorbate – glutathione (0.71), ascorbate – proline (0.81), glutathione – proline (0.28). Such a value of the coefficient of the first pair suggests that ascorbic acid also performs numerous other functions, in addition to participating in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. The high correlation between ascorbate and proline can be explained by the similar nature of alterations in their content in triticale shoots under conditions of short-term sodium chloride stress. Negative correlation coefficients in pairs of hydrogen peroxide – chlorophyll (-0.73), peroxide – carotenoids (-0.75), ascorbic acid – LPO (-0.70), LPO – proline (-0.69) give reason to talk about the possible protective role of photosynthesis pigments from accumulating hydrogen peroxide, as well as the potential role of ascorbic acid and proline in protecting membranes from lipid peroxidation. The application of the cluster analysis method showed that first and second order clusters between ascorbate, proline and glutathione reflect their known antioxidant role. The results obtained may also indicate that pigments have a much lower protective function.
Oligomerization of phenothiazin-5-ium tetraiodide in the presence of bases
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Khadieva Alena I. , Gorbachuk Vladimir V. ,   Kazan Federal University, Stoikov Ivan I. ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: February 2021

Methylene blue and its structural analogs (phenothiazine derivatives) are well known photodynamically and photochemically active agents, which are used in modern medicine, biology, and industry due to their low toxicity, high absorption in the therapeutic window region (600-660 nm). Methylene blue being one of the most studied phenothiazine derivative is employed as an antibacterial agent and also as an antidote to cyanide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Phenothiazin-5-ium tetraiodide is one of the most convenient precursors for the synthesis of structural analogues of methylene blue among the variety of modern synthetic approaches. Nucleophilic addition of aromatic and aliphatic amines to phenothiazin-5-ium tetraiodide can be used to obtain a wide range of 3,7-phenothiazine-5-ium derivatives. The specificities of addition reactions of dialkylamines and aromatic amines to phenothiazin-5-ium tetraiodide are low yields and formation of difficultly separable mixtures of products. It was found that reactions of phenathiazin-5-ium tetraiodide with amines containing secondary and tertiary amino groups lead to oligomerization of phenathiazin-5-ium tetraiodide (3,10-positions). Basicity of tertiary amino group is crucial in oligomerization of phenathiazin-5-ium tetraiodide. It is shown, that triethylamine use as a base allows to synthesize of oligo(3,10)phenothiazines with high yields. According to 1Н, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy data and MALDI mass-spectrometry data, thereaction product is a mixture of oligomers, consisting mainly of three to four units.