bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ultimate escape: escapism, sports fan passion and procrastination across two cultures
Authors: Astakhova Marina , Leonard Ethan B. , Doty D. Harold , Yang Jie , Yu Mingchuan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine escapism as the explanatory mechanism that can account for distinct outcomes of harmonious and obsessive sports fan passion among US and Chinese fans.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses cross-cultural data collected among sports fans in the USA and China. Using structural equation modeling and PROCESS model, the authors test the mediating role of escapism and the moderating role of indulgence on the relationships between sports fan passion and procrastination.

Findings

The authors found that positive escapism mediates the relationship between harmonious sports fan passion and procrastination, whereas negative escapism mediates the relationship between obsessive sports fan passion and procrastination. While individual-level indulgence was not a significant moderator, post hoc analyses revealed that the interaction of indulgence and uncertainty avoidance played a moderating role.

Research limitations/implications

The use of sports fan samples from both the USA and China enables a cross-cultural comparison of the proposed model, thereby extending the model’s generalizability. By advancing the dual model of escapism, the authors hope to stimulate a research dialogue that identifies more nuanced (both positive and negative) predictors and outcomes of passion for an activity and escapism in the broader context of other passion-inducing activities (e.g., Internet use, work, etc.).

Practical implications

Marketers promoting sports events can use this study's results to highlight the benefits of harmonious sports fan passion in terms of positive escapism and reduced procrastination. Organizations promoting sports fandom need to also be aware that sports fans can have obsessive passion for sports that can lead to procrastination. Therefore, it is important to be vigilant and distinguish between “healthy” and “unhealthy” passion early to avoid “unhealthy” passion turning into negative escapism and by extension, procrastination.

Social implications

Socially responsible marketers should understand a potential negative effect that obsessive sports fan passion may entail and prevent or minimize its negative consequences.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that explains why sports fan passion can(not) be associated with procrastination. It does so by using the dual escapism as the explanatory mechanism linking harmonious and obsessive sports fan passion and procrastination.
Longitudinal control for person-following robots
Authors: Wang Liang , Wu Jiaming , Li Xiaopeng , Wu Zhaohui , Zhu Lin
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to address the longitudinal control problem for person-following robots (PFRs) for the implementation of this technology.

Design/methodology/approach

Nine representative car-following models are analyzed from PFRs application and the linear model and optimal velocity model/full velocity difference model are qualified and selected in the PFR control.

Findings

A lab PFR with the bar-laser-perception device is developed and tested in the field, and the results indicate that the proposed models perform well in normal person-following scenarios.

Originality/value

This study fills a gap in the research on PRFs longitudinal control and provides a useful and practical reference on PFRs longitudinal control for the related research.
How money laundering (ML) affects the loan portfolio quality of Islamic banks?
Authors: Shah Ijaz Hussain , Aish Kinza , Kashif Islam
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This research aims to examine the impact of money laundering (ML) and corruption on the asset quality of conventional and Islamic banks.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study used the data of conventional and Islamic banks of Pakistan from 2012 to 2018. In this study, we used fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares and pooled ordinary least square methods to analyze the data.

Findings

The results found that corruption and ML positively affect the conventional banking non-performing loans (NPLs). In contrast, corruption and ML harm the Islamic bank’s loan portfolio quality.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the relationship between corruption, ML and NPLs in conventional and Islamic banks of Pakistan are examined for the first time.

Practical Implications

According to the study’s findings, bank authorities should establish an effective method for monitoring loan activities and developing new and innovative products in Islamic banks. Additionally, the Pakistani government needs to improve anti-corruption and anti-ML policies to earn investors’ trust.
Effectiveness and satisfaction of technology‐mediated learning during global crisis: understanding the role of pre-developed videos
Authors: Sharma Sarika , Vaidya Anagha , Deepika Kumari
Published: April 2022

Purpose

In today’s dynamic situation, innumerable challenges are posited in the education sector because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher educational institutes (HEIs) are compelled to adopt digital technologies and technology-mediated learning in the teaching-learning processes. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors affecting learning effectiveness, learning satisfaction and the mediating role of prerecorded videos from the learners’ perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

A self-designed structured questionnaire based on previous similar studies is adopted as a survey instrument. It consists of 22 questions to address the five constructs of the proposed hypothesized conceptual model, developed for the study. Data of 311 students from HEIs of Maharashtra state in India were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis is carried out to test the model fitness, reliability and validity, and structural equation modeling is applied to conduct path analysis and hypotheses testing of the model.

Findings

Hypotheses testing reveals that perceived usefulness (PU) significantly affects the perceived learning effectiveness, which again affects the learning satisfaction of the students. In addition, perceived ease of use affects the PU as suggested in the technology acceptance model. The prerecorded videos have a moderating role to play in the computer self-efficacy and the perceived learning effectiveness of the students. This research will provide meaningful acumen to enhance the overall learning process among students in urban as well as rural India.

Originality/value

This study explores the technology-mediated learning during the unexpected and dynamic situations of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of higher education in India. For sustainable use of technology-assisted learning, educators must understand the key factors that influence students’ learning effectiveness and satisfaction. The research outcomes will lead toward developing the human capacities, as the prerecorded videos at the HEIs of India will provide new approaches for effectively adopting digital technologies and technology-mediated learning.
Bridging the skills gap in post-coronavirus Britain through role-relevant qualifications
Authors: Sangar Saranjit
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to highlight the area on how can we bridge the skills gap in post-coronavirus Britain through role-relevant qualifications.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on the author’s personal observations and opinions learned through experience in the field.

Findings

The paper explores a number of potential solutions to the skills gap, including post-pandemic digital transformation creating a bigger rift between supply and demand; addressing the digital skills vacuum, which intensifies the war on talent; upskilling; and plugging the skills gap with industry-focused education and training.

Originality/value

The paper offers original insight based on the author’s unique perspective.
A new type low-frequency FBG acceleration sensor based on cross reeds
Authors: Hong Li , Wang Yewei , Qiu Zhongchao , Cai Jianxian , Yao Zhenjing , Gao Zhitao
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of weak low-frequency vibration measurement capability of FBG accelerometer, and propose a FBG accelerometer based on cross reed.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposed a new type FBG acceleration sensor based on cross reeds. When the sensor vibrates, the mass block in the new structure rotates around the center of the cross reeds, which could eliminate the impact of friction, reduce the natural frequency of the sensor and improve its sensitivity. This study theoretically analyzed the impact of several structural parameters on the sensitivity and natural frequency of the proposed sensor and used COMSOL to perform static stress analysis and modal simulation; in this study, a test system was built to test the performance of the proposed sensor.

Findings

The test results revealed that the proposed sensor had a natural frequency of 94 Hz; within a low-frequency range of 1–65 Hz, its sensitivity response was flat, the dynamic range was 81.89 dB, the sensitivity was 243.59 pm/g and the linearity was 99.97%. The cross reeds effectively strengthened the structural stability, the relative standard deviation of the repeatability of the sensor was 0.89% and the transverse crosstalk in the working frequency band was −26.97 dB.

Originality/value

This study innovatively proposes the structure of the two symmetrical cross reeds, which can improve sensitivity by eliminating the influence of friction, and the structure of cross reeds can effectively suppress the influence of lateral crosstalk. The proposed sensor can realize real-time accurate measurement of low-frequency weak vibration signals.
Microbial community from species rich meadow supports plant specialists during meadow restoration
Authors: Ardestani Masoud M. , Mudrák Ondřej , Vicena Jakub , Sun Daquan , Veselá Hana , Frouz Jan
Published: April 2022

Soil properties and soil microbial communities can greatly affect plant communities, especially in disturbed ecosystems. However, their relative contribution to the final effect on plants has rarely been assessed.

We manipulated the soil microbial community in microcosms by inoculating sterilized soils originating from preserved species‐rich meadow and a restored meadow with a high and low diversity of microbial inoculum (manipulated by the dilution of microbial community extract) from those soils in full factorial manner, yielding eight treatments (2 soil origins × 2 inoculum sources × 2 levels of inoculum diversity).

In general, the biomass of plant meadow specialists (Filipendula vulgaris, Phleum phleoides, and Prunella grandiflora) was greater with the preserved meadow inoculum than with the restored meadow inoculum but tended to be greater in the restored meadow soil than in the preserved meadow soil. Two meadow generalists (Festuca rubra and Centaurea jacea) were not significantly affected by soil origin, inoculum source, or inoculum diversity, but the third generalist Plantago media produced greater biomass in the preserved meadow soil than in the restored meadow soil.

Total above‐ground biomass was not affected by the treatments, but total below‐ground biomass was greater with microbial inoculum from the preserved meadow than from the restored meadow, and this increase was greater in the restored meadow soil than in the preserved meadow soil.

Our results indicate strong responses of the preserved meadow specialists to the soil microbial community, which may explain why they are rare in the meadows that were restored following agricultural use.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Two‐port robotic sleeve lobectomy using Stratafix sutures for central lung tumors
Authors: Qu Ji‐chen , Zhang Wen‐tian , Jiang Lei
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To explore the feasibility of two‐port robotic sleeve lobectomy using Stratafix sutures for central lung tumors, and to summarize the surgical techniques and clinical outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 15 consecutive patients who underwent robotic bronchial sleeve lobectomy, performed by a single surgeon between March 2021 and September 2021. A half‐continuous suture technique with two Stratafix sutures was used for bronchial anastomosis. The operative techniques and outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Complete resection was achieved in all patients undergoing different types of robotic bronchial sleeve lobectomy. There were no conversions to thoracotomy. The mean duration of surgery was 102.35 ± 46.31 min, mean time for bronchial anastomosis was 25.8 ± 15.2 min, mean blood loss was 64.71 ± 38.59 ml, and mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.76 ± 2.54 days. There was no death on follow‐up within 90 days after surgery.

Conclusions

Two‐port robotic bronchial sleeve lobectomy and the novel anastomotic technique are both feasible and safe for selected patients.
At‐risk alcohol users have disrupted valence discrimination during reward anticipation
Authors: Komarnyckyj Mica , Retzler Chris , Cao Zhipeng , Ganis Giorgio , Murphy Anna , Whelan Robert , Fouragnan Elsa Florence
Published: April 2022

Alcohol use disorder is characterised by disrupted reward learning, underpinned by dysfunctional cortico‐striatal reward pathways, although relatively little is known about the biology of reward processing in populations who engage in risky alcohol use. Cues that trigger reward anticipation can be categorized according to their learnt valence (i.e., positive vs. negative outcomes) and motivational salience (i.e., incentive vs. neutral cues). Separating EEG signals associated with these dimensions is challenging because of their inherent collinearity, but the recent application of machine learning methods to single EEG trials affords a solution. Here, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to quantify risky alcohol use, with participants split into high alcohol (HA) (n = 22, mean AUDIT score: 13.82) and low alcohol (LA) (n = 22, mean AUDIT score: 5.77) groups. We applied machine learning multivariate single‐trial classification to the electroencephalography (EEG) data collected during reward anticipation. The LA group demonstrated significant valence discrimination in the early stages of reward anticipation within the cue‐P3 time window (400–550 ms), whereas the HA group was insensitive to valence within this time window. Notably, the LA, but not the HA group demonstrated a relationship between single‐trial variability in the early valence component and reaction times for gain and loss trials. This study evidences disrupted hypoactive valence sensitivity in the HA group, revealing potential neurophysiological markers for risky drinking behaviours which place individuals at‐risk of adverse health events.
Two successive electrocardiograms of an old male with acute myocardial infarction: What on earth was going on?
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Chen Yongjun , Yang Xiaoyu , Yang Ling
Published: April 2022

A 68‐year‐old male complained of a sudden 2‐h chest pain accompanied by dizziness and diaphoresis. His consciousness lost several times because of ventricular fibrillation attack. Emergent CAG showed proximal left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion, but two previous successive electrocardiograms established diagnoses of non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and STEMI respectively, indicating that the patient had experienced acute subtotal occlusion of proximal LAD to total occlusion of the left main coronary trunk (LMT). It is vital to identify de Winter pattern associated with proximal LAD lesion in view of the potential circulatory collapse, fatal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death from it.
Peripartum hysterectomy due to severe postpartum hemorrhage: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Pettersen Silje , Falk Ragnhild Sørum , Vangen Siri , Nyfløt Lill T.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

A peripartum hysterectomy is typically performed as a lifesaving procedure in obstetrics to manage severe postpartum hemorrhage. Severe hemorrhages that lead to peripartum hysterectomies are mainly caused by uterine atony and placenta accreta spectrum disorders. In this study, we aimed to estimate the incidence, risk factors, causes and management of severe postpartum hemorrhage resulting in peripartum hysterectomies, and to describe the complications of the hysterectomies.

Material and methods

Eligible women had given birth at gestational week 23+0 or later and had a postpartum hemorrhage ≥1500 mL or a blood transfusion, due to postpartum hemorrhage, at Oslo University Hospital, Norway, between 2008 and 2017. Among the eligible women, this study included those who underwent a hysterectomy within the first 42 days after delivery. The Norwegian Medical Birth Registry provided the reference group. We used Poisson regression to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals to identify clinical factors associated with peripartum hysterectomy.

Results

The incidence of hysterectomies with severe postpartum hemorrhage was 0.44/1000 deliveries (42/96313). Among the women with severe postpartum hemorrhage, 1.6% ended up with a hysterectomy (42/2621). Maternal age ≥40, previous cesarean section, multiple pregnancy and placenta previa were associated with a significantly higher risk of hysterectomy. Placenta accreta spectrum disorders were the most frequent cause of hemorrhage that resulted in a hysterectomy (52%, 22/42) and contributed to most of the complications following the hysterectomy (11/15 women with complications).

Conclusions

The rate of peripartum hysterectomies at Oslo University Hospital was low, but was higher than previously reported from Norway. Risk factors included high maternal age, previous cesarean section, multiple pregnancy and placenta previa, well known risk factors for placenta accreta spectrum disorders and severe postpartum hemorrhage. Placenta accreta spectrum disorders were the largest contributor to hysterectomies and complications.
Direct and indirect effects of climate change on distribution and community composition of macrophytes in lentic systems
Authors: Lind Lovisa , Eckstein R. Lutz , Relyea Rick A.
Published: April 2022

Macrophytes are an important part of freshwater ecosystems and they have direct and indirect roles in keeping the water clear and providing structure and habitats for other aquatic organisms. Currently, climate change is posing a major threat to macrophyte communities by altering the many drivers that determine macrophyte abundance and composition. We synthesise current literature to examine the direct effects of climate change (i.e. changes in CO2, temperature, and precipitation patterns) on aquatic macrophytes in lakes as well as indirect effects via invasive species and nutrient dynamics. The combined effects of climate change are likely to lead to an increased abundance and distribution of emergent and floating species, and a decreased abundance and distribution of submerged macrophytes. In small shallow lakes, these processes are likely to be faster than in deep temperate lakes; with lower light levels, water level fluctuations and increases in temperature, the systems will become dominated by algae. In general, specialized macrophyte species in high‐latitude and high‐altitude areas will decrease in number while more competitive invasive species are likely to outcompete native species. Given that the majority of endemic species reside in tropical lakes, climate change, together with other anthropogenic pressures, might cause the extinction of a large number of endemic species. Lakes at higher altitudes in tropical areas could therefore potentially be a hotspot for future conservation efforts for protecting endemic macrophyte species. In response to a combination of climate‐change induced threats, the macrophyte community might collapse, which will change the status of lakes and may initiate a negative feedback loop that will affect entire lake ecosystems.
Post‐infectious cerebellar ataxia following COVID‐19 in a patient with epilepsy
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sidhartha , Sengupta Judhajit , Basu Sagar
Published: April 2022

Background

Various neurological manifestations have been described in relation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, the development of cerebellar ataxia after recovery from COVID‐19 is rare. We present a case of cerebellar ataxia 3 weeks after recovery from COVID‐19.

Case Presentation

A 70‐year‐old male patient from an urban area of India presented with ataxia. He was hypertensive and had been receiving treatment for post‐traumatic epilepsy for the previous 3 years. He had previously had laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 infection with mild symptoms that resolved within 2 weeks. However, 3 weeks after symptom improvement, he developed severe pan‐cerebellar ataxia. Investigations were suggestive of post‐infectious cerebellar ataxia. Other causes of ataxia were excluded. He responded well to pulse methylprednisolone therapy and was discharged with mild tremor and ataxia.

Conclusion

Post‐infectious cerebellar ataxia is an unusual presentation after COVID‐19. The clinician should be aware of such complications following COVID‐19 infection as early diagnosis and proper management leads to better outcomes in many patients.
Influence of buccal emergence profile designs on peri‐implant tissues: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Juan , Tang Yiman , Qiu Lixin , Yu Huajie
Published: April 2022

Background

The prosthetic emergence profile design might be an important factor in postsurgical mucosal recession etiology. Therefore, a restorative buccal emergence profile designed correctly might reduce gingival margin recession.

Purpose

To compare the marginal gingival level and the width/height (W/H) ratio between two profile configurations of single implant‐supported restorations at molar sites.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐one patients requiring a single mandibular molar tooth replacement with supracrestal mucosal thickness ≥2 mm were recruited and randomly assigned to a prosthesis buccal emergence profile design based on the buccal mucosal W/H ratio (Test Group) or maintained the original emergence profile of the healing abutment (Control Group). Assessments were made before delivery of the definitive restoration (T0), at prosthesis placement (T1), one (T2), and 12 (T3) months after loading. The gingival margin level change (△GM), initial emergence angle, buccal mucosal W/H ratio, marginal bone loss (MBL), implant failure, and complications were assessed.

Results

The gingival recession in the test group (0.13 ± 0.32 mm) was significantly lower than in the control group (0.63 ± 0.38 mm) at T3 (p = 0.006). The initial emergence angle in the test group (31.4 ± 7.22 degrees) was significantly lower than the control group (40.0 ± 7.60 degrees) (p = 0.025). The W/H ratio in the test group at T2 was significantly higher than at T0 but remained stable thereafter. The W/H ratio presented a continued rising trend in the control group.

Conclusions

When the initial supracrestal soft tissue thickness was ≥2 mm, a restorative emergence profile based on the W/H ratio significantly reduced gingival margin recession. An emergence angle of 32.4 degrees showed better behavior in maintaining the gingival margin than 40 degrees.

Clinical Trial Registration Number

ChiCTR190002210.
A multicentric, prospective study on oral and maxillofacial trauma in the female population around the world
Authors: Romeo Irene , Sobrero Federica , Roccia Fabio , Dolan Sean , Laverick Sean , Carlaw Kirsten , Aquilina Peter , Bojino Alessandro , Ramieri Guglielmo , Duran‐Valles Francesc , Bescos Coro , Segura‐Pallerès Ignasi , Ganasouli Dimitra , Zanakis Stelios N. , de Oliveira Gorla Luis Fernando , Pereira‐Filho Valfrido Antonio , Gallafassi Daniel , Leonardo Perez Faverani , Alalawy Haider , Kamel Mohammed , Samieirad Sahand , Jaisani Mehul Raiesh , Rahman Sajjad Abdur , Rahman Tabishur , Aladelusi Timothy , Hassanein Ahmed Gaber , Goetzinger Maximilian , Bottini Gian Battista
Published: April 2022

Background/Aims

Approximately 20% of patients with maxillofacial trauma are women, but few articles have analysed this. The aim of this multicentric, prospective, epidemiological study was to analyse the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in the female population managed in 14 maxillofacial surgery departments on five continents over a 1‐year period.

Methods

The following data were collected: age (0–18, 19–64, or ≥65 years), cause and mechanism of the maxillofacial fracture, alcohol and/or drug abuse at the time of trauma, fracture site, Facial Injury Severity Scale score, associated injury, day of trauma, timing and type of treatment, and length of hospitalization.

Results

Between 30 September 2019 and 4 October 2020, 562 of 2387 patients hospitalized with maxillofacial trauma were females (24%; M: F ratio, 3.2:1) aged between 1 and 96 years (median age, 37 years). Most fractures occurred in patients aged 20–39 years. The main causes were falls (43% [median age, 60.5 years]), which were more common in Australian, European and American units (p < .001). They were followed by road traffic accidents (35% [median age, 29.5 years]). Assaults (15% [median age, 31.5 years]) were statistically associated with alcohol and/or drug abuse (p < .001). Of all patients, 39% underwent open reduction and internal fixation, 36% did not receive surgical treatment, and 25% underwent closed reduction.

Conclusion

Falls were the main cause of maxillofacial injury in the female population in countries with ageing populations, while road traffic accidents were the main cause in African and some Asian centres, especially in patients ≤65 years. Assaults remain a significant cause of trauma, primarily in patients aged 19–64 years, and they are related to alcohol use.
Psychological and contextual risk factors for first‐onset depression among adolescents and young people around the globe: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pedersen Gloria A. , Lam Crystal , Hoffmann Megan , Zajkowska Zuzanna , Walsh Annabel , Kieling Christian , Mondelli Valeria , Fisher Helen L. , Gautam Kamal , Kohrt Brandon A.
Published: April 2022

Aim

Identifying predictors for future onset of depression is crucial to effectively developing preventive interventions. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to identify risk factors for first‐onset depression among adolescents and young people.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO, Cochrane Database, Web of Science, Lilacs, African Journals Online and Global Health (July 2009 to December 2020) for longitudinal studies assessing risk factors for first‐onset depression among adolescents and young people aged 10–25 years. Meta‐analyses generated summary odds ratio (OR) estimates. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018103973.

Results

Nineteen studies representing 21 unique populations were included in the meta‐analysis. Among studies reporting race/ethnicity, 79% of participants were of White/European descent. Seventeen studies were from high‐income countries, with only two from an upper‐middle‐income country (China). Odds for first‐onset depression were significantly greater for girls compared to boys (n = 13; OR = 1.78 [1.78, 2.28], p < 0.001) and for youth with other mental health problems at baseline (n = 4; OR = 3.20 [1.95, 5.23], p < 0.001). There were non‐significant associations for negative family environment (n = 8; OR = 1.60 [0.82, 3.10], p = 0.16) and parental depression (n = 3; OR = 2.30 [0.73, 7.24], p = 0.16).

Conclusions

Most longitudinal studies do not report risk factors specifically for first‐onset depression. Moreover, predictive data are limited to predominantly White populations in high‐income countries. Future research must be more ethnically and geographically representative. Recommendations are provided for consistent and comprehensive reporting of study designs and analyses of risk factors for first‐onset depression.
Temporal fluctuations in vigilance and neural networks after sleep deprivation
Authors: Mai Zifeng , Li Mingzhu , Pan Leyao , Ma Ning
Published: April 2022

Vigilance instability in the sleep‐deprived state was deemed to result from the imbalance in thalamic‐FPN‐DMN circuits (FPN: frontoparietal network; DMN: default mode network), but the behavioural correlation of this neural hypothesis is still unclear. To address this issue, we applied dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analysis on the task‐based fMRI data and detected high arousal state (HAS) and low arousal state (LAS). Relative to HAS, LAS demonstrated higher positive connectivity within task‐positive networks (TPN), attenuated TPN‐DMN anti‐correlation, and greater anti‐correlation between cerebral and subcortico‐cerebellar networks. Critically, DFC differences between HAS and LAS were correlated with the ongoing vigilance performance in the sleep‐deprived state. The current findings confirmed a direct link between vigilance instability and DFC in the thalamic‐FPN‐DMN circuits. In particular, we postulated that the integration within task‐related system and segregation between task‐related system and the subcortico‐cerebellar system might be the critical neural markers underlying vigilance instability in the sleep‐deprived state.
Exploration of salient risk factors involved in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Samson Alexandria D. , Shen Kelly , Grady Cheryl L. , McIntosh Anthony R. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2022

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prevalent and complex condition among older adults that often progresses into Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although MCI affects individuals differently, there are specific indicators of risk commonly associated with the development of MCI. The present study explored the prevalence of seven established MCI risk categories within a large sample of older adults with and without MCI. We explored trends across the different diagnostic groups and extracted the most salient risk factors related to MCI using partial least squares. Neuropsychological risk categories showed the largest differences across groups, with the cognitively unimpaired groups outperforming the MCI groups on all measures. Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) carriers were significantly more common among the more severe MCI group, whereas ApoE4 non‐carriers were more common in the healthy controls. Participants with subjective and objective cognitive impairment were trending towards AD‐like cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels. Increased age, being male and having fewer years of education were identified as important risk factors of MCI. Higher CSF tau levels were correlated with ApoE4 carrier status, age and a decrease in the ability to carry out daily activities across all diagnostic groups. Amyloid beta1–42 CSF concentration was positively correlated with cognitive and memory performance and non‐ApoE4 carrier status regardless of diagnostic status. Unlike previous research, poor cardiovascular health or being female had no relation to MCI. Altogether, the results highlighted risk factors that were specific to persons with MCI, findings that will inform future research in healthy aging, MCI and AD.
How to avoid a lack of work engagement among public police professionals
Authors: López‐Cabarcos M. Ángeles , López‐Carballeira Analía , Ferro‐Soto Carlos
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the combined effect of five conditions—influence at work, interactional justice, workload, laissez‐faire leadership, and emotional exhaustion—on the absence of work engagement in public police professionals. Using qualitative comparative analysis on a sample of 119 police professionals, the results show that none of the conditions on their own is necessary to lead to the absence of these professionals' work engagement. In addition, five casual configurations allow for the conclusion that influence at work, interactional justice, emotional exhaustion, and laissez‐faire leadership are key conditions, while workload is less decisive in leading to the absence of work engagement in police professionals. The results inform managers of public police institutions on what variables can further contribute to creating workspaces in which learning, professional development, and positive experiences prevail among employees. This study is especially valuable to police professionals because the very nature of their work leads to engagement in acquiring a very powerful meaning.
Constructing a big history of inequality
Authors: O’Sullivan Mary
Published: April 2022

In Capital and Ideology, Thomas Piketty takes a highly structured approach to the history of inequality in human societies. Much depends on this approach, notably the book's temporal and geographical ambitions and its bold and provocative claims, but by exploring how Piketty constructs his ‘big history’ of inequality regimes we can see there is loss as well as gain. Focussing on the history of early modern Europe, which features prominently in Piketty's book, I suggest that our grasp of movement and, relatedly, of change and continuity in inequality regimes, suffers in his account. There is ample scope, therefore, for historians to enhance our understanding of the history of the ideologies and institutions from which Piketty's inequality regimes are constituted. Enriching the historical study of inequality regimes that Piketty proposes in Capital and Ideology might be seen as a polite form of interdisciplinary exchange but I suggest that a more 'muscular' interdisciplinary engagement around his book may be more promising still. Especially interesting in this regard would be efforts to both challenge the explanatory analysis that Piketty develops in Capital and Ideology and to develop microscopic analyses of inequality alongside the macroscopic approach that Piketty employs.
De novo genome assembly of Bradysia cellarum (Diptera: Sciaridae), a notorious pest in traditional special vegetables in China
Authors: Li Mengyao , Yang Xiaofan , Fan Fan , Ge Yafei , Hong Dawei , Wang Zhongyan , Lu Chenyan , Chen Suyi , Wei Guoshu
Published: April 2022

Bradysia cellarum (Diptera: Sciaridae) is a destructive vegetable insect pest infesting more than 30 species of host plants from seven families in Asia and Europe. B. cellarum causes grave problems in Chinese chive, which originated in China and is cultivated widely in East Asia. The B. cellarum infestation results in economic losses and subsequent severe food safety problems in farm productions, insecticide resistance and environmental pollution. The genomic and molecular information of B. cellarum to delineate the biological features, insecticide resistance, evolution remains poorly understood. Herein, we decode the whole genome of B. cellarum to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms causing insecticide resistance. We constructed a highly reliable genome for B. cellarum using PacBio, Illumina and 10X Genomics sequencing platforms. The genome size of B. cellarum was 375.91 Mb with a contig N50 of 1.57 Mb. A total of 16,231 genes were identified, among which 93.8% were functionally annotated, and 42.06% were repeat sequences. According to phylogenetic analysis, B. cellarum diverged from the common ancestor of Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica ~139.3–191.0 million years ago. Moreover, some important genes responsible for significant insecticide resistance, such as cytochrome P450s, ABC transporters and those involved in glutathione metabolism, were expanded in B. cellarum. We assembled a high‐quality B. cellarum genome to provide valuable insights into their life history strategies, insecticide resistance and biological behaviours. It also lays the foundation for exploring gene structure and functional evolution, as well as comparative genomics of B. cellarum and other model insect species.
Controlled‐release oral melatonin supplementation for hypertension and nocturnal hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Eric Kam‐Pui , Poon Paul , Yu Chun‐Pong , Lee Vivian Wing‐Yan , Chung Vincent Chi‐Ho , Wong Samuel Yeung‐Shan
Published: April 2022

Oral melatonin is a potential alternative treatment for hypertension and nocturnal hypertension. However, high‐quality and relevant meta‐analyses are lacking. This meta‐analysis aimed to investigate whether oral melatonin supplementation reduces daytime/asleep blood pressure and cardiovascular risk, improves sleep quality, and is well‐tolerated compared with placebo. Relevant articles were searched in multiple databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Complete, and the Cochrane Library, from their inception to June 2021. The included studies were randomized controlled trials recruiting patients with hypertension, using oral melatonin as the sole intervention, and investigating its effect on blood pressure. The mean out‐of‐office (including 24‐h, daytime, and asleep) systolic and diastolic blood pressures, sleep quality, and side effects were compared between the melatonin and placebo arms using pairwise random‐effect meta‐analyses. A risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Four studies were included in the analysis and only one study was considered to have a low risk of bias. No study reported on cardiovascular risk or outcomes. Only controlled‐release melatonin (not an immediate‐release preparation) reduced asleep systolic blood pressure by 3.57 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: –7.88 to .73; I2 = 0%). It also reduced asleep and awake diastolic blood pressure, but these differences were not statistically significant. Melatonin improves sleep efficacy and total sleep time and is safe and well‐tolerated. Due to the limited number of high‐quality trials, the quality of evidence was low to very low. Therefore, adequately powered randomized controlled trials on melatonin are warranted.
Up‐regulated SAMD9L modulated by TLR2 and HIF‐1α as a promising biomarker in tuberculosis
Authors: Zhang Xiang‐juan , Xu Hai‐shan , Li Chong‐hui , Fu Yu‐rong , Yi Zheng‐jun
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers of TB in blood and determine their function in Mtb‐infected macrophages. First of all, WGCNA was used to analyse 9451 genes with significant changes in TB patients’ whole blood. The 220 interferon‐γ‐related genes were identified, and then 30 key genes were screened using Cytoscape. Then, the AUC values of key genes were calculated to further narrow the gene range. Finally, we identified 9 genes from GSE19444. ROC analysis showed that SAMD9L, among 9 genes, had a high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.925) and a differential diagnostic value (AUC>0.865). To further narrow down the range of DEGs, the top 10 hub‐connecting genes were screened from monocytes (GSE19443). Finally, we obtained 4 genes (SAMD9L, GBP1, GBP5 and STAT1) by intersections of genes from monocytes and whole blood. Among them, it was found that the function of SAMD9L was unknown after data review, so this paper studied this gene. Our results showed that SAMD9L is up‐regulated and suppresses cell necrosis, and might be regulated by TLR2 and HIF‐1α during Mtb infection. In addition, miR‐181b‐5p is significantly up‐regulated in the peripheral blood plasma of tuberculosis patients, which has a high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.969).
Alkaline hydrolyzed torula yeast as an attractant for Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Lasa Rodrigo , Williams Trevor
Published: April 2022

Acid hydrolyzed proteins with borax and torula yeast pellets are attractants commonly used for monitoring the West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). Alkaline hydrolysis of proteins has been poorly studied as a source of attractants for tephritids, despite it increasing the production of ammonia, a known attractant for A. obliqua and other tephritids. Laboratory experiments revealed a significantly greater response of flies to torula yeast alkalized with NaOH at pH 10.3, 11.3, 12.3 and 13.3 compared with torula yeast + borax at pH 9.15. Traps baited with alkalized torula yeast at pH 13.3 captured significantly higher numbers of flies than torula yeast at pH 10.3, 11.3 or 12.3. The emission of ammonia from these traps was positively correlated with pH. Anastrepha obliqua was less attracted to torula yeast at pH 13.3 when alkalized with KOH than with NaOH, although no significant differences were detected in the emission of ammonia. In mango orchards in Mexico, the mean number of A. obliqua flies per trap per day was higher for traps baited with torula yeast at pH 13.3 than for acid hydrolyzed protein + borax or torula yeast pellets containing borax. While ammonia emissions from torula yeast at pH 13.3 and acid hydrolyzed protein + borax were reduced after one week in the field, the ammonia emission of torula yeast pellets increased after one week to levels similar to those of the other attractants. Alkaline hydrolysis of torula yeast at pH 13.3 increased the release of ammonia, reduced the surface tension of the liquid and proved more effective at capturing A. obliqua flies in laboratory cages and mango orchards when compared with standard attractants. This preparation is simple, cheap and stable and could find application in monitoring programmes targeted at A. obliqua.
Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on drying kinetics and physio‐mechanical characteristics of peach slices
Authors: Akhoundzadeh Yamchi Abolfazl , Yeganeh Reza , Kouchakzadeh Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Peach, which is one of the most critical garden products in Iran has a lot of postharvest lesions. In this sense, processing the product would result in reducing the postharvest lesions. Recently, ultrasound waves have been widely applied as a new pretreatment method in drying food. Herein, we aim at investigating the effect of high power ultrasound pretreatment on the drying kinetics of peach slices. The effective moisture penetration coefficient, color changes and elastic modulus were investigated. The drying process was modeled using mathematical equations. The results showed that the ultrasound use as a pretreatment before drying reduces the drying time by up to 40%. The ultrasound treatment effect and the duration of their application on the color changes of the samples are not significant, and the reason for the color change is due to maillard reactions. The results of the effect of ultrasound pretreatment on the elastic modulus due to loading in the compression test showed that the application of pretreatment on the deformation of the samples is significant and reduced the modulus of elasticity by about 46%. The midilli model in different pretreatments, as compared to other models, had the best fitting with the experimental data. Moreover, the amount of effective diffusivity coefficient in the dried samples of peach slices, in different pretreatments, varies from 1.345 × 10−9 to 5.370 × 10−10 m2 s−1. In addition, it is worth mentioning that ultrasound pretreatment can be regarded as a promising approach. As far as food and agricultural products have typical structure and composition, ultrasound pretreatment application requires more through research.

Practical Applications

As compared to the untreated peach slices, a significant enhancement was witnessed in the ultrasound (US)‐treated slices. Herein, a new method is proposed, which results in producing slices with an improved quality. Generally, peach‐slice processing has been applied to get high‐quality products.
Serial multiple mediators in the relationship between symptom burden and sleep quality among patients with heart failure
Authors: He Dengxin , Pan Minghao
Published: April 2022

Background

Sleep disturbance is common in patients with heart failure. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with heart failure, and to examine the serial multiple mediation effects of psychological distress and sleep hygiene practices on the relationship between symptom burden and sleep quality.

Methods

We recruited eligible heart failure patients in a large, university‐affiliated hospital in Shandong Province, China, from November 2018 to June 2019. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale were used to assess patients' sleep quality, symptom burden, psychological distress, and sleep hygiene practices. The mediation effects were analyzed using the PROCESS tool in SPSS.

Results

Two hundred and thirty seven heart failure patients were included in the final analyses. Among these patients, 189 patients (67.1%) had a sleep disturbance (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of >5). Higher symptom burden, higher level of psychological distress, and poorer sleep hygiene practices were associated with patients' poorer sleep quality. The psychological distress and sleep hygiene practices had mediation effects on the relationship between symptom burden and sleep quality in patients with heart failure.

Conclusions

Patients' symptom burden could affect their sleep quality through psychological distress and sleep hygiene practices besides a direct effect. Thus, psychological distress and sleep hygiene practices should be fully considered in the development of interventions to improve patients' sleep quality, apart from alleviating patients' symptom burden.
Overcoming the effect of pandemic fatigue on vaccine hesitancy—Will belief in science triumph?
Authors: Bodas Moran , Kaim Arielle , Velan Baruch , Ziv Arnona , Jaffe Eli , Adini Bruria
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The study aims to examine the factors that impact vaccination uptake and additional protective behavior during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Israel, whereas the “pandemic fatigue” phenomenon has been identified as a hurdle to adherence to protective health behaviors against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).

Design

A cross‐sectional, structured questionnaire was utilized for this investigation in September 2021, during the fourth wave of the pandemic.

Methods

A sample of the adult (18+) Israeli population was employed for the study. Recruiting participants for the study was conducted through an online internet panel company that consists of over 100,000 members, representing all geographic and demographic sectors of the Israeli population.

Results

Our findings indicate that pandemic fatigue has begun to have cascading effects on vaccination efforts. In particular, this study found that at this stage of the COVID‐19 pandemic, trust in authorities, and even threat perception components, such as concern and fear of contracting the disease, are incapable of predicting vaccination uptake. Instead, perception of the importance of the vaccine and its effectiveness are predictive of vaccination uptake.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that at this stage of the pandemic, focusing on the robustness of the science behind the vaccine is more important than trying to regain public trust. The findings also suggest that risk communication employing fear tactics is losing its capacity to generate motivation for vaccination.

Clinical Relevance

The findings of this study reveal lessons learned from the COVID‐19 global pandemic. Specifically, the study reveals how in times of prolonged crisis, we can currently and, in the future, prepare improved strategies for public communication in order to promote uptake of protective health behavior, such as vaccination.