bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the feasibility of developing a collective action for biological control of fall armyworm among smallholder farmers in rural communities of Zambia
Authors: Durocher-Granger Léna , Fiorito Sara , Mudenda Sibajene Kambanja , Chiboola Milimo Mildred , Kansiime Monica K. , Ludwig David , Leeuwis Cees
Published: May 2023

Background

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, an alien invasive pest from the Americas, was detected in Zambia late 2016 and since has caused significant losses on maize threatening livelihood and food security. Individually, farmers continue to rely on synthetic pesticides, a reactive measure to manage new invasive insect pests, posing risks to human health, the environment and biodiversity. Biological control has been proven to be an efficient, cost effective and safe method for pest and disease management, and when adopted collectively, its effectiveness can increase. In addition, collective action has been acknowledged to be a critical component for invasive species management, but is still poorly studied in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where the national plant health system, in-place to prevent and manage biological invasions, is limited.

Methods

To study the feasibility of creating a collective action to promote biological control for fall armyworm among smallholder farmers in rural Zambia and the social and institutional conditions needed for it to be successful and sustainable, we conducted focus group discussions and in-depth interviews in two districts with maize smallholder farmers. Our model to assess the results applies both Ostrom’s 8 Design Principles for a community-based management of common-pool resources and criteria of an agricultural innovation that meet the community’s requirements, and also pays attention to the exchange and brokering processes needed to match the two.

Results

Our results showed that some conditions are already in place to support a collective action to manage fall armyworm such as matching rules to local conditions, collective-choice arrangement, conflict-resolution mechanism and minimal recognition of rights to organize which are supported by traditional leadership of the communities. However other conditions would need to be strengthened for the collective pest management to be sustainable. The most important criteria for a pest management innovation selected by participants from both districts, in no specific order, were price, efficacy, recommended by agrodealer/extension officer and immediate action.

Conclusions

This study fills a gap in understanding social and institutional conditions in LMIC needed to sustain a collective action that aim at controlling a highly mobile and invasive pest. Our study emphasizes the need to redefine technologies and dissemination in terms of supporting the processes of co-designing innovation based on social and ecological conditions.
In Vitro Prototyping of a Nano-Organogel for Thermo-Sonic Intra-Cervical Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Adeyemi Samson A. , Az-Zamakhshariy Zardad , Choonara Yahya E.
Published: May 2023

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are used extensively to achieve site-specific drug delivery with improved bioavailability and reduced toxicity. This work focused on a new approach to provide site-specific stimuli-responsive delivery of SLNs loaded within thermo-sonic nano-organogel (TNO) variants to deliver the model chemotherapeutic agent 5-FU in treating cervical cancer. Pharmaceutically stable nanospherical SLNs comprising poly-L-lactic acid (PLA), palmitic acid (PA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared and incorporated into TNO variants augmented by external thermal and ultrasound stimuli for release of 5-FU in the cervix. Results revealed that rate-modulated 5-FU release was achieved from SLNs (particle size =450.9 nm; PDI =0.541; zeta potential =−23.2 mV; %DL =33%) within an organogel upon exposure to either a single (thermo-) and/or both (thermo-sonic) stimuli. 5FU was released from all TNO variants with an initial burst on day 1 followed by sustained release over 14 days. TNO 1 provided desirable release over 15 days (44.29% vs. 67.13% under single (T) or combined (TU) stimuli, respectively). Release rates were primarily influenced by the SLN:TO ratio in tandem with biodegradation and hydrodynamic influx. Biodegradation by day 7 revealed that variant TNO 1 (1:5) released 5FU (46.8%) analogous to its initial mass than the other TNO variants (i.e., ratios of 2:5 and 3:5). FT-IR spectra revealed assimilation of the system components and corroborative with the DSC and XRD analysis (i.e., in ratios of PA:PLA 1:1 and 2:1). In conclusion, the TNO variants produced may be used as a potential stimuli-responsive platform for the site-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-FU to treat cervical cancer.
Trotsky and the Wild Orchids
Authors: Rorty Richard
Published: May 2023

Among Rorty's most admired essays, and probably his most autobiographical, “Trotsky and the Wild Orchids” made its first appearance as a column in Common Knowledge during the journal's inaugural year. Here it is reprinted, thirty years later, in a symposium called “Whatever Happened to Richard Rorty?” He explains in this essay that, as a child, he loved things that would seem to others contradictory, for example the Trotskian socialism to which his family was committed and the wild orchids that he would search for in the local mountains. Finding his own way between what appeared to others contrary kinds of demand or appeal, he never settled, as a philosopher and public intellectual, on syntheses that made good sense to his contemporaries. They were unable to locate him on their intellectual and political maps. As he writes, “If there is anything to the idea that the best intellectual position is one which is attacked with equal vigor from the political right and the political left, then I am in good shape. . . . The left's favorite word for me is ‘complacent,’ just as the right's is ‘irresponsible.’ ” The editors of Common Knowledge, a venue that Rorty helped to found, have reprinted this essay as a way of stating their view that nothing has “happened to Richard Rorty” in the past three decades that did not happen as well when he was active in his own self-defense. He was misconstrued but indispensable when alive, and has remained so in the decades since.
Rorty Against Rorty
Authors: Gaskill Nicholas
Published: May 2023

As the leading contribution to the Common Knowledge symposium “Whatever Happened to Richard Rorty?,” this essay asks why Rorty was so often taken to be saying things that he claimed he was not. The argument is that Rorty's rhetorical approach and jargon engendered this confusion and undermined his effectiveness as a philosopher and public intellectual. The focus here is on two points: first, on how, in his eagerness to shut down attempts to claim a privileged path to Reality, he gave the impression of dismissing not only hierarchies but also distinctions; and second, on how his separation of causes and reasons retained a dualism of the “one world, many perspectives” model that elsewhere he rejected. This essay concludes that leading figures of science studies at the present time, notably Bruno Latour, Isabelle Stengers, and Donna Haraway, better equip readers to move past the feeling of deprivation that comes from shedding centuries-old philosophical assumptions and that their explicit rejection of the nature/culture binary makes their work better suited to addressing the great problem of our time — climate change.
RTK signalling promotes epithelial columnar cell shape and apical junction maintenance in human lung progenitor cells
Authors: Liu Shuyu , Sun Dawei , Butler Richard , Rawlins Emma L.
Published: May 2023

Multipotent epithelial progenitor cells can be expanded from human embryonic lungs as organoids and maintained in a self-renewing state using a defined medium. The organoid cells are columnar, resembling the cell morphology of the developing lung tip epithelium in vivo. Cell shape dynamics and fate are tightly coordinated during development. We therefore used the organoid system to identify signalling pathways that maintain the columnar shape of human lung tip progenitors. We found that EGF, FGF7 and FGF10 have distinct functions in lung tip progenitors. FGF7 activates MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signalling, and is sufficient to promote columnar cell shape in primary tip progenitors. Inhibitor experiments show that MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signalling are key downstream pathways, regulating cell proliferation, columnar cell shape and cell junctions. We identified integrin signalling as a key pathway downstream of MAPK/ERK in the tip progenitors; disrupting integrin alters polarity, cell adhesion and tight junction assembly. By contrast, stimulation with FGF10 or EGF alone is not sufficient to maintain organoid columnar cell shape. This study employs organoids to provide insight into the cellular mechanisms regulating human lung development.
The translation initiation factor homolog eif4e1c regulates cardiomyocyte metabolism and proliferation during heart regeneration
Authors: Rao Anupama , Lyu Baken , Jahan Ishrat , Lubertozzi Anna , Zhou Gao , Tedeschi Frank , Jankowsky Eckhard , Kang Junsu , Carstens Bryan , Poss Kenneth D. , Baskin Kedryn , Goldman Joseph Aaron
Published: May 2023

The eIF4E family of translation initiation factors bind 5′ methylated caps and act as the limiting step for mRNA translation. The canonical eIF4E1A is required for cell viability, yet other related eIF4E families exist and are utilized in specific contexts or tissues. Here, we describe a family called Eif4e1c, for which we find roles during heart development and regeneration in zebrafish. The Eif4e1c family is present in all aquatic vertebrates but is lost in all terrestrial species. A core group of amino acids shared over 500 million years of evolution forms an interface along the protein surface, suggesting that Eif4e1c functions in a novel pathway. Deletion of eif4e1c in zebrafish caused growth deficits and impaired survival in juveniles. Mutants surviving to adulthood had fewer cardiomyocytes and reduced proliferative responses to cardiac injury. Ribosome profiling of mutant hearts demonstrated changes in translation efficiency of mRNA for genes known to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. Although eif4e1c is broadly expressed, its disruption had most notable impact on the heart and at juvenile stages. Our findings reveal context-dependent requirements for translation initiation regulators during heart regeneration.
Biomechanical Tradeoffs in Foot Function From Variations in Shoe Design
Authors: Yawar Ali , Lieberman Daniel E.
Published: May 2023

There is debate and confusion over how to evaluate the biomechanical effects of running shoe design. Here, we use an evolutionary perspective to analyze how key design features of running shoes alter the evolved biomechanics of the foot, creating a range of tradeoffs in force production and transmission that may affect performance and vulnerability to injury.
First record of invasive clams of the genus Corbicula (Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) from Lake Skadar in Montenegro
Authors: Beran Luboš , Pešić Vladimir
Published: May 2023

Clams of the genus Corbicula Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811 are among the most invasive aquatic molluscs found in Europe. These clams were recorded in Lake Skadar in Montenegro for the first time. Clams were found in the inflow of the rivers Morača and Plavnica into the lake and also on the banks of the lake. Monitoring the further spread and probable population increase of these non-native and invasive bivalves in Lake Skadar is needed.
Intersetorialidade e políticas públicas para as juventudes: contribuições de produções acadêmicas
Authors: Teruel Guerra Erica , Meirelles Todelo Cruz Maria do Carmo
Published: May 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar como a literatura tem abordado a intersetorialidade nas políticas públicas para as juventudes no Brasil. Na legislação brasileira e em documentos governamentais e de organismos internacionais, é recorrente a recomendação a projetos e políticas intersetoriais como uma estratégia para o atendimento integral ao jovem. Com base nessa constatação, cabe questionar: a abordagem intersetorial tem sido estudada na produção acadêmica sobre juventude? Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória em três plataformas – Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SciELO), Redalyc e Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) –, foram levantados e analisados 43 trabalhos. A análise aponta que o tema é pouco explorado e a intersetorialidade continua sendo recomendada, mas apenas alguns textos investigam sua viabilidade e formas de implementação. Os desafios encontrados são, em grande parte, aqueles já apontados pela literatura sobre o tema, mas há outros específicos das políticas para jovens, de maneira especial relacionados à legitimidade dos órgãos de juventude.
Avanços teóricos do campo de conhecimentos da gestão social: Uma análise integrativa
Authors: Do Carmo Gisleine , Da Silva Cristiane Aparecida , Valadão José de Arimatéia Dias , Rezende Vânia Aparecida , Pereira José Roberto
Published: May 2023

O campo de conhecimentos da gestão social (GS), cuja cientificidade vem sendo construída e validada na academia brasileira, posiciona-se por meio de evidências empíricas e de uma construção teórica desde a década de 1990. Além disso, as pesquisas desenvolvidas sob a égide da GS têm se pautado em interlocuções com diversos temas e áreas de conhecimento. Assim, o presenteartigo apresenta uma síntese integrada dos artigos disponibilizados na base de dados Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), entre o período de 2010 a 2020. Analisou-se a evolução da GS, enquanto campo de conhecimentos, explorando conceitos, categorias teóricas, pressupostos epistemológicos e ontológicos e referenciais teóricos. Quando analisadas as categorias e aproximações teóricas da GS, foram identificados a esfera pública, o espaço social, a participação, a cooperação, o cooperativismo, a descentralização, a economia solidária, a sustentabilidade empresarial, a governança pública e a inovação social. No que tange à análise dos pressupostos epistemológicos e ontológicos do campo, foi possível perceber uma multiplicidade considerável de abordagens: teoria crítica habermasiana, teoria da estruturação, colonialidade de poder, ecologia, sociologia maffesoliana, sociologias das ausências e emergências de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, dicotomia fato × valor de Putnam, estratégia como prática e decolonialidade. Como resultado, fica claro o esforço do campo na resolução de incoerências e incompreensões que invalidam sua prática. Além disso, é manifesta a urgência das ações que a GS propõe, pois o modelo atual do mainstream reforça e eleva as disparidades sociais entre os grupos, impedindo a realização do bem comum.
Παρέμβαση στις σχολικές πρακτικές παραγωγής γραπτών μαθητικών κειμένων
Authors: Κέκια Μέλλω Αιμιλία
Published: May 2023

Η παρούσα έρευνα έχει ως αντικείμενο τη διερεύνηση της εισαγωγής, ανάπτυξης και αξιολόγησης διεπιδραστικών και κοινωνιοκριτικών πρακτικών μάθησης και διδασκαλίας της παραγωγής και, ιδιαιτέρως, της αναθεώρησης του γραπτού μαθητικού λόγου σε μία σχολική τάξη ελληνικού δημόσιου αστικού δημοτικού σχολείου στο πλαίσιο μίας ετήσιας εθνογραφικής συμμετοχικής έρευνας δράσης, η οποία αποσκοπεί στην προαγωγή του κριτικού γραμματισμού των μαθητών. Η έρευνα αντλεί τη θεωρητική της θεμελίωση από τις κοινωνικοπολιτισμικές θεωρίες του γραπτού λόγου και του γραμματισμού, τις οποίες συνδυάζει με την κριτική γλωσσοπαιδαγωγική προσέγγιση του εργαστηρίου συγγραφέων και την ειδικότερη πρόταση της συλλογικής επαναδιατύπωσης γραπτών μαθητικών κειμένων. Για τη συλλογή και ανάλυση των δεδομένων της, ακολουθεί την εθνογραφική και κοινωνιογλωσσολογική παράδοση, και αξιοποιεί ποικιλία τεχνικών και μεθόδων για την ενδελεχή μελέτη του γραμματισμού της σχολικής τάξης ως κοινωνικής και πολιτισμικής διεργασίας.  Τα ευρήματα από την εθνογραφική χαρτογράφηση των γεγονότων γραμματισμού της σχολικής τάξης, από τη διεπιδραστική μικροανάλυση του λόγου και των πρακτικών γραπτού λόγου, και από τη θεματική ανάλυση των γραπτών αναστοχασμών και των συνεντεύξεων της δασκάλας και των παιδιών, αναδεικνύουν μία δυναμική και πολυσύνθετη πορεία της αναδυόμενης κειμενικής κοινότητας της τάξης από αποπλαισιωμένες συγγραφικές και αναθεωρητικές πρακτικές προς κοινωνικές, διαδραστικές και αναστοχαστικές. Στο άρθρο προσδιορίζονται οι παράγοντες που ερμηνεύουν και εξηγούν την πορεία της μετατόπισης αυτής με βάση το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο της έρευνας και συζητούνται οι συνέπειες των πορισμάτων αυτών (α) για την έρευνα και (β) για τη διδασκαλία του γραπτού λόγου ως διεπιδραστικής και κοινωνικής πρακτικής με συγκεκριμένες συνεπαγωγές στην ανάπτυξη των εγγράμματων μαθητικών ταυτοτήτων στο σύγχρονο σχολείο.
Umwelt in an umwelt: Co-developing within immersive virtual environments and the paradoxical nature of reality and hyperreality
Authors: Kozicki Alec
Published: May 2023

This paper examines how to model immersive virtual environments using Kalevi Kull’s ecosemiotic model of four degrees of nature. Using this theoretical model allows for an investigation into the paradoxical nature of reality and hyperreality, which is a novel approach to understanding how a user co-develops with both their physical and immersive virtual environments. Analysis for the four degrees of nature within the virtual space reveals that an immersive virtual environment emerges from an imaginative void, contains milieu that users can recognize and interact with, offers the action-potentiality (affordances) for altering and changing materials within the virtual space, and the reproductive nature which converges the boundaries of reality and hyperreality during the meaning-making process for users. Additionally, this paper elaborates how technological household goods in the past century have integrated texts into the cultural construct of a home. The paper identifies how immersive virtual environments alter an inhabitant’s perception and interactions within the home and explains how to model immersion, which is important for future research of user behaviour in the digital age of new media.
The ontological primacy of umwelt
Authors: Rattasepp Silver
Published: May 2023

Where do the basic composite parts of an umwelt – the organism and the environment – come from? Customarily, in umwelt theory, the emphasis is on their mutual co-construction or constitution through functional cycles. But another question could be added to this inquiry: what is the origin, the genesis of organisms and their environments which are now to be indivisibly united once again? On the basis of the transactional conception of relations proposed by John Dewey, the concept of schismogenesis as described by Gregory Bateson, and the process of individuation as explicated by Gilbert Simondon, it is proposed that it is the umwelt which is ontologically primary, and that it is its internal division, separation and individuation, which results in the appearance of organisms with their environments.
Software design
Authors: Gagarina Larisa , Garaschenko Anton , Akimova Elena , Kapitanova Ilona , Kapitanov Andrey , Tihonov Martin
Published: May 2023

The textbook discusses the basic concepts and definitions, the classification of software, the stages of creating a software product within the life cycle, highlights the current state of software development technologies. The existing approaches to assessing the quality of software creation processes are described, requirements analysis and definition of software specifications are performed. Much attention is paid to the issues of software design, its reliability, and collective development using modern version control systems. The theoretical material is accompanied by a workshop in the form of laboratory work on the stated topic.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students and teachers of higher educational institutions of technical profile, as well as for specialists of any subject area who have shown interest in the current state of programming methods and tools.
Tensioregulome as an accompaniment of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure clusters
Authors: Popovych Igor , Kozyavkina Nataliya , Vovchyna Yuliya , Voronych-Semchenko Nataliya , Zukow Walery , Popovych Dariya
Published: May 2023

Background. Earlier we studied the neural, endocrine, immune, microbiome and metabolome accompaniments of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure (BP) clusters of profile patients of Truskavets’ spa. The obtained results give us grounds to put forward the concept of tensioregulome by analogy with the metabolome and the microbiome. The purpose of this study is detailing this concept. Materials and methods. Under an observations were 44 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis in the phase of remission. Testing was performed twice - on admission and after 7-10 days of standard balneotherapy. The main object of the study was BP. We determined parameters of EEG and HRV, plasma levels of adaptation hormones, electrolytes, lipids, and nitrogenous metabolites, components of humoral, cellular, and phagocytic links of immunity and markers of pyelonephritis. Results. The forward stepwise program identified 26 tensioregulome parameters as characteristic of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure clusters: 10 EEG, 6 metabolic, 6 immune, testosterone, cotrisol, sympathetic tone as well as sex. The accuracy of patient classification is 98,9%. Another 25 parameters were found to be characteristic, but were outside the discriminant model, including 11 EEG, 2 HRV, 5 metabolic, 4 immune, bacteriuria, body mass index, and age. Both linear and non-linear correlations between the BP and tensioregulome parameters were revealed. Conclusion. The quantitative-qualitative blood pressure clusters have a characteristic accompaniment named tensioregulome.
Numeraire-Invariant Quadratic Hedging and Mean–Variance Portfolio Allocation
Authors: Černý Aleš , Czichowsky Christoph , Kallsen Jan
Published: May 2023

The paper investigates quadratic hedging in a semimartingale market that does not necessarily contain a risk-free asset. An equivalence result for hedging with and without numeraire change is established. This permits direct computation of the optimal strategy without choosing a reference asset and/or performing a numeraire change. New explicit expressions for optimal strategies are obtained, featuring the use of oblique projections that provide unified treatment of the case with and without a risk-free asset. The analysis yields a streamlined computation of the efficient frontier for the pure investment problem in terms of three easily interpreted processes. The main result advances our understanding of the efficient frontier formation in the most general case in which a risk-free asset may not be present. Several illustrations of the numeraire-invariant approach are given.
Optimal Leveraged Portfolio Selection Under Quasi-Elastic Market Impact
Authors: Edirisinghe Chanaka , Chen Jingnan , Jeong Jaehwan
Published: May 2023

Dangers of Ignoring Market Friction When Leveraging Financial Portfolios

Portfolio leveraging is a standard industry practice to target higher fund returns, for example, in risk parity asset allocation. However, the existing models of optimal bet sizing fail to integrate analytically the impact on leveraged portfolio selection resulting from market liquidity issues. The paper “Optimal Leveraged Portfolio Selection Under Quasi-Elastic Market Impact” considers a market in which both temporary and permanent impact on trading prices are present with the former impact being sufficiently large relative to the latter. Our analytical conclusions, supported by a case study that uses even relatively more liquid U.S. exchange-traded fund assets, demonstrate that fund managers are ill advised to ignore market friction when leveraging to achieve target higher returns. Not only risk-adjusted returns significantly deteriorate, but also those losses become steeper when setting higher targets requiring increased levels of leverage. Moreover, leverage-constrained and less risk-averse investors ignoring liquidity costs ex ante face the most losses in expected utility ex post.
The buffering role of social support on the severity of physical symptoms among patients living with cancer
Authors: Zeilani Ruqayya S , Younis Wejdan Y , Albusoul Randa , Hasanien Amer , Mansour Ayman Hamdan
Published: May 2023

Background:

The role of perceived social support (the individual's perception that family, friends and others are available as psychological, social and material support) and its moderating effect on the psychological and physical factors among patients suffering medical problems is still debated.

Aim:

To explore the effect of perceived social support on the relationship between psychological and health-related factors on the severity of physical symptoms among patients with cancer.

Methods:

A descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional design was used to recruit 459 patients with cancer from three major hospitals in Jordan. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results:

Social support was significantly correlated to the severity of physical symptoms (p>.05) among patients with cancer, while psychological distress, sadness, disturbed body image and anxiety were not (p<.05). The multiple hierarchal regression model showed that social support has no significant moderation effect on the relationship between psychological and health-related factors and the severity of physical symptoms controlling for sociodemographic factors among patients with cancer.

Conclusion:

Patients with cancer suffering physical and psychological disturbances do not benefit from social support as a way of controlling the severity of their symptoms. Palliative nurses need to tailor a social support intervention to their patients with cancer, in order to use both professional and family resources.
How Difficult are Simple Electrical Circuit Conceptions? New Findings
Authors: Quezada-Espinoza Monica , Dominguez Angeles , Zavala Genaro
Published: May 2023

Research on conceptual understanding is one of the first steps in designing materials to improve learning. Literature reports that students have difficulties analyzing and describing phenomena in electric circuits. This report contributes to students' conceptual difficulties regarding simple electrical circuits by systematically analyzing an open conceptual test answered by 531 first-year engineering students. We found students' reasoning that has not yet been reported in the literature as misconceptions or difficulties. To deepen our understanding of students' difficulties, we chose five students by convenience to interview. We present evidence that there are two main contributions to the taxonomy in this study: the Series Circuit Misconception, which is when students convey that the current through bulbs is the same because they are in series, using that as a mnemonic ignoring any change in the circuit; and the Inverse Parallel Circuit Misconception, that is when students mention that the resistance of the circuit decreases when disconnecting bulbs in parallel, neither are reported in the literature. The results of this study have implications for physics education research in electric circuits and educational practice in the classroom.
Factors Affecting the Learning of Second - Generation Migrant Children in Greek Primary School
Authors: Liagkoura Aikaterini , Tena Rosalia Romero , Requena Begoña E. Sampedro
Published: May 2023

An issue that has preoccupied young researchers and educators is the interaction of the fields of special and intercultural education as well as the factors that lead to the coexistences of them. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that hinder the learning process of second-generation immigrant students in Greek primary schools. The ages of the children we will refer to are 7-8 years old due to the school achievements in reading and writing that are mastered up to this age point. This study is part of a larger study, which consists of qualitative and quantitative data from two research tools: interviews and questionnaires from teachers and guardians. The results were divided into categories. One of the main ones that stand in the way of children's learning is psychological and social factors, according to 91.8% of the participants in the questionnaire. In addition, it is worth noting that 82.6% argued that the reason students have learning difficulties is due to biological reasons. In conclusion, there is a correlation between learning difficulties and intercultural education that should be studied. The latter can play a pivot role to the assistance of the diverse categories of students' needs.
The Effectiveness of The Educare Program in Improving Pro-Social Attitudes to Prevent Bullying in Inclusive Schools
Authors: Subasno Yohanes , Jumilah Bernadeta Sri , Desa Maria Vianti , Yulius Martinus Irwan , Mariani Yovita Kurnia , Goa Lorentius , Derung Teresia Noiman
Published: May 2023

The fundamental challenge in implementing inclusive schools is related to accepting students with special needs by other students. Lack of acceptance and respect for differences often trigger acts of bullying. There are insufficient studies describing that the perpetrator of bullying in school is a student with special needs. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the educare program in improving students' pro-social attitudes to prevent bullying in inclusive schools. The Educare Program consisted of four lesson plan themes and became a treatment instrument. Single subject research (SSR) was used for the research method, implementing the baseline-intervention-maintenance (AB+M) phase with multiple baselines across subjects. Three students, including a student with a disability and a low pro-social attitude, were the subjects of this study. The data were collected through observation and analyzed through graphical visual inspection focusing on trend, level, latency, and percentage of all non-overlapping data (PAND). The results of the study presented in polygon graphs and PAND showed that the Educare Program is very effective in increasing students' pro-social attitudes. Almost all scores of pro-social attitudes obtained through trend with PAND reached 96.11%.
Drivers of Primary School Students’ Achievement in Indonesia During Pandemic
Authors: Maisyaroh Maisyaroh , Juharyanto Juharyanto , Bafadal Ibrahim , Wiyono Bambang Budi , Adha Maulana Amirul , Surif Johari
Published: May 2023

Political context, community participation, principals’ supports, and the implementation of e-learning, refer to the orientation of efforts in overcoming the pandemic pressures, where these factors must ensure that all school programs can run effectively and efficiently. This study aims to identify the relationship between political context, community participation, principals’ supports, implementation of online learning and student achievement. Respondent in this research was the principal and elementary school teacher in East Java, Indonesia, 300 teachers and principals were respondents in this research. The Structural Equation Modeling method with the help of AMOS 24.0, is used in this study, while, mediation hypothesis testing is done with the Sobel Test. Based on the results of political context can significantly improve the achievement of students through community participation, principals’ support and implementation of e-learning. Research contributions show that with an ideal political context, high community participation, adequate principal support, and implementation of quality e-learning can improve the achievement of students even in crisis conditions in this case under the pandemic pressures.
Radiostereometric analysis and clinical outcomes of a novel reverse total hip system at two years
Authors: Turgeon Thomas R. , Hedden David R. , Bohm Eric R. , Burnell Colin D.
Published: May 2023

Aims

Instability is a common cause of failure after total hip arthroplasty. A novel reverse total hip has been developed, with a femoral cup and acetabular ball, creating enhanced mechanical stability. The purpose of this study was to assess the implant fixation using radiostereometric analysis (RSA), and the clinical safety and efficacy of this novel design.

Methods

Patients with end-stage osteoarthritis were enrolled in a prospective cohort at a single centre. The cohort consisted of 11 females and 11 males with mean age of 70.6 years (SD 3.5) and BMI of 31.0 kg/m2 (SD 5.7). Implant fixation was evaluated using RSA as well as Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Harris Hip Score, Oxford Hip Score, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, 38-item Short Form survey, and EuroQol five-dimension health questionnaire scores at two-year follow-up. At least one acetabular screw was used in all cases. RSA markers were inserted into the innominate bone and proximal femur with imaging at six weeks (baseline) and six, 12, and 24 months. Independent-samples t-tests were used to compare to published thresholds.

Results

Mean acetabular subsidence from baseline to 24 months was 0.087 mm (SD 0.152), below the critical threshold of 0.2 mm (p = 0.005). Mean femoral subsidence from baseline to 24 months was -0.002 mm (SD 0.194), below the published reference of 0.5 mm (p < 0.001). There was significant improvement in patient-reported outcome measures at 24 months with good to excellent results.

Conclusion

RSA analysis demonstrates excellent fixation with a predicted low risk of revision at ten years of this novel reverse total hip system. Clinical outcomes were consistent with safe and effective hip replacement prostheses.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(5):385–392.
Superbound state in photonic bandgap and its application to generate complete tunable SBS-EIT, SBS-EIR and SBS-Fano
Authors: An Yinbing , Fu Tao , Guo Chunyu , Pei Jihong , Ouyang Zhengbiao
Published: May 2023

Bound states in continua (BICs) have high-quality factors that may approach infinity. However, the wide-band continua in BICs are noise to the bound states, limiting their applications. Therefore, this study designed fully controlled superbound state (SBS) modes in the bandgap with ultra-high-quality factors approaching infinity. The operating mechanism of the SBS is based on the interference of the fields of two phase-opposite dipole sources. Quasi-SBSs can be obtained by breaking the cavity symmetry. The SBSs can also be used to produce high-Q Fano resonance and electromagnetically-induced-reflection-like modes. The line shapes and the quality factor values of these modes could be controlled separately. Our findings provide useful guidelines for the design and manufacture of compact and high-performance sensors, nonlinear effects, and optical switches.
Realization of an autonomously controllable process for atomic layer deposition and its encapsulation application in flexible organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Chen Ziqiang , Wang Jintao , Shangguan Lianchao , Fan Siyu , Duan Yu
Published: May 2023

Atomic layer deposition (ALD), an emerging method of thin film fabrication, has recently witnessed a surge of applications in the optoelectronics field. However, reliable processes capable of controlling film composition have yet to be developed. In this work, the effect of precursor partial pressure and steric hindrance on the surface activity was presented and analyzed in detail, which led to the development of a component tailoring process for ALD composition control in intralayer for the first time. Further, a homogeneous organic/inorganic hybrid film was successfully grown. The component unit of the hybrid film under the joint action of EG and O plasma could achieve arbitrary ratios by controlling the EG/O plasma surface reaction ratio via varied partial pressures. Film growth parameters (growth rate per cycle and mass gain per cycle) and physical properties (density, refractive index, residual stress, transmission, and surface morphology) could be modulated as desired. Moreover, the hybrid film with low residual stress was effectively used in the encapsulation of flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Such a component tailoring process is an important step forward in ALD technology, and allowing for in-situ control of thin film components at the atomic level in intralayer.
Improved crystal quality and enhanced optical performance of GaN enabled by ion implantation induced high-quality nucleation
Authors: Tao Hongchang , Xu Shengrui , Zhang Jincheng , Su Huake , Gao Yuan , Zhang Yachao , Zhou Hong , Hao Yue
Published: May 2023

Hetero-epitaxial growth of GaN often leads to high density of threading dislocations, which poses a significant challenge to the promotion of the performance of GaN-based devices. In this study, we address this issue by utilizing an Al-ion implantation pretreatment on sapphire substrates, which induces high-quality regularly arranged nucleation and promotes the crystal quality of GaN. Specifically, we demonstrate that an Al-ion dose of 1013 cm-2 leads to a reduction of full width at half maximum values of (002)/(102) plane X-ray rocking curves from 204.7/340.9 arcsec to 187.0/259.5 arcsec. Furthermore, a systematic investigation of GaN film grown on the sapphire substrate with various Al-ion doses is also performed, and the nucleation layer growth evolution on different sapphire substrates is analyzed. As confirmed by the atomic force microscope results of the nucleation layer, the ion implantation induced high-quality nucleation is demonstrated, which results in the improved crystal quality of the as-grown GaN films. Transmission electron microscope measurement also proves the dislocation suppression through this method. In addition, the GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were also fabricated based on the as-grown GaN template and the electrical properties are analyzed. The wall-plug efficiency at 20 mA has risen from 30.7% to 37.4% of LEDs with Al-ion implantation sapphire substrate at a dose of 1013 cm-2. This innovative technique is effective in the promotion of GaN quality, which can be a promising high-quality template for LEDs and electronic devices.
Transverse mode instability considering bend loss and heat load
Authors: Dong Liang
Published: May 2023

Previously, we developed a highly efficient transverse mode instability model by integrating stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering and quasi-3D fiber amplifier models, enabling the consideration of the 3D gain saturation effect, with its accuracy verified by reasonable fit to experimental data. Bend loss was however ignored. Higher-order-mode bend loss can be very high especially for fibers with core diameters below 25µm and is sensitive to the local heat load. By using a FEM mode solver to account for bend loss and local heat-load-induced bend loss reduction, the transverse mode instability threshold is studied in detail, resulting in some interesting new insights.
Snapshot hyperspectral imaging based on equalization designed DOE
Authors: Xu Nan , Xu Hao , Chen Shiqi , Hu Haiquan , Xu Zhihai , Feng Huajun , Li Qi , Jiang Tingting , Chen Yueting
Published: May 2023

Hyperspectral imaging attempts to determine distinctive information in spatial and spectral domain of a target. Over the past few years, hyperspectral imaging systems have developed towards lighter and faster. In phase-coded hyperspectral imaging systems, a better coding aperture design can improve the spectral accuracy relatively. Using wave optics, we post an equalization designed phase-coded aperture to achieve desired equalization point spread functions (PSFs) which provides richer features for subsequent image reconstruction. During the reconstruction of images, our raised hyperspectral reconstruction network, CAFormer, achieves better results than the state-of-the-art networks with less computation by substituting self-attention with channel-attention. Our work revolves around the equalization design of the phase-coded aperture and optimizes the imaging process from three aspects: hardware design, reconstruction algorithm, and PSF calibration. Our work is putting snapshot compact hyperspectral technology closer to a practical application.
Unmanned-aerial-vehicle-borne cavity enhanced albedometer: a powerful tool for simultaneous in-situ measurement of aerosol light scattering and absorption vertical profiles
Authors: Zhou Jiacheng , Zhao Weixiong , Fang Bo , Xu Xuezhe , Wang Shuo , Liu Qianqian , Zhang Weijun , Chen Weidong
Published: May 2023

Vertical profiles of aerosol light scattering (bscat), absorption (babs), as well as the single scattering albedo (SSA, ω), play an important role in the effects of aerosols on climate, air quality, and local photochemistry. High-precision in-situ measurements of the vertical profiles of these properties are challenging and therefore uncommon. We report here the development of a portable cavity-enhanced albedometer operating at λ = 532 nm for use aboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Multi-optical parameters, bscat, babs, extinction coefficient bext, and ω, can be measured simultaneously in the same sample volume. The achieved detection precisions in laboratory were 0.38, 0.21, and 0.43 Mm-1 for bext, bscat, and babs, respectively, for a 1 s data acquisition time. The albedometer was installed on an hexacopter UAV and simultaneous in-situ measurements of the vertical distributions of bext, bscat, babs, and ω were realized for the first time. Here we report a representative vertical profile up to a maximum height of 702 m with a vertical resolution of better than 2 m. The UAV platform and the albedometer demonstrate good performance and will be a valuable and powerful tool for atmospheric boundary layer research.
Temperature-independent lasing wavelength of highly stacked InAs quantum dot laser fabricated on InP(311)B substrate with Bi irradiation
Authors: Yanase Satoshi , Akahane Kouichi , Matsumoto Atsushi , Umezawa Toshimasa , Yamamoto Naokatsu , Tominaga Yoriko , Kanno Atsushi , Maeda Tomohiro , Sotobayashi Hideyuki
Published: May 2023

In this study, the effects of bismuth (Bi) irradiation on InAs quantum dot (QD) lasers operating in the telecommunication wavelength band were investigated. Highly stacked InAs QDs were grown on an InP(311)B substrate under Bi irradiation, and a broad-area laser was fabricated. In the lasing operation, the threshold currents were almost the same, regardless of Bi irradiation at room temperature. These QD lasers were operated at temperatures between 20 and 75°C, indicating the possibility of high-temperature operation. In addition, the temperature dependence of the oscillation wavelength changed from 0.531 nm/K to 0.168 nm/K using Bi in the temperature range 20–75°C.
Dual pulse repetition rates with high background noise tolerance for memory-efficient SPAD LiDAR
Authors: Zhao Lei , Yu Hengwei , Wang Lei , Yin Chiang Patrick
Published: May 2023

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) sensors for flash light detection and ranging (LiDAR) typically have high memory overhead. The widely adopted memory-efficient two-step coarse–fine (CF) process suffers from degraded background noise (BGN) tolerance. To alleviate this issue, we propose a dual pulse repetition rate (DPRR) scheme while maintaining a high histogram compression ratio (HCR). The scheme involves emitting narrow laser pulses at two different high rates in two phases, generating histograms and locating their respective peaks; then the actual distance can be derived based on the peak locations and repetition rates. Additionally, in this Letter, we propose spatial filtering within neighboring pixels with different repetition rate sets to cope with multiple reflections, which can potentially confuse the derivation, owing to the existence of several possible peak combinations. Compared with the CF approach, with a same HCR of 7, the simulations and experiments demonstrate that this scheme can tolerate 2 × BGN levels, accompanied with an increase in the frame rate by 4 ×.
Random walk informed heterogeneity detection reveals how the lymph node conduit network influences T cells collective exploration behavior
Authors: Song Solène , Senoussi Malek , Escande Paul , Villoutreix Paul
Published: May 2023

Random walks on networks are widely used to model stochastic processes such as search strategies, transportation problems or disease propagation. A prominent example of such process is the dynamics of naive T cells within the lymph node while they are scanning for antigens. The observed T cells trajectories in small sub-volumes of the lymph node are well modeled as a random walk and they have been shown to follow the lymphatic conduit network as substrate for migration. One can then ask how does the connectivity patterns of the lymph node conduit network affect the T cells collective exploration behavior. In particular, does the network display properties that are uniform across the whole volume of the lymph node or can we distinguish someheterogeneities? We propose a workflow to accurately and efficiently define and compute these quantities on large networks, which enables us to characterize heterogeneities within a very large published dataset of Lymph Node Conduit Network. To establish the significance of our results, we compared the results obtained on the lymph node to null models of varying complexity. We identified significantly heterogeneous regions characterized as “remote regions” at the poles and next to the medulla, while a large portion of the network promotes uniform exploration by T cells.
Drivers of ‘voluntary’ recruitment and challenges for families with adolescents engaged with armed groups: Qualitative insights from Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Blackwell Alexandra H. , Agengo Yvonne , Ozoukou Daniel , Wendt Julia Ulrike , Nigane Alice , Goana Paradis , Kanani Bertin , Falb Kathryn
Published: May 2023

Globally, armed conflicts have increased threefold since 2010. The number of children voluntarily engaging with armed groups is also rising, despite increasing efforts to prevent this grave human rights violation. However, traditional approaches focusing on the prevention, release, and reintegration of children through forced recruitment do not adequately address the complex and interlinking push and pull factors of voluntary recruitment. This qualitative study sought to deepen understanding of the drivers and consequences of voluntary recruitment from the perspectives of adolescents and their caregivers, as well as to explore how to better support families living in conflict settings. In-depth interviews were conducted with 74 adolescents (44 boys and 30 girls) ages 14 to 20 years and 39 caregivers (18 men and 21 women) ages 32 to 66 years in two distinct conflict settings: North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo and Ouham-Pendé, Central African Republic. Interviews with adolescents utilized a visual narrative technique. The findings examine the unique perspectives of adolescents engaged with armed groups and their caregivers to understand how conflict experiences, economic insecurity, and social insecurity influence adolescent’s engagement with armed groups and reintegration with their families. The study found that families living in conflict settings are subject to traumatic experiences and economic hardship that erode protective family relationships, leaving adolescent boys and girls particularly vulnerable to the systemic and overlapping factors that influence them to engage with and return to armed groups. The findings illustrate how these factors can disrupt protective social structures, and inversely how familial support can act as a potential protective factor against recruitment and break the cycle of reengagement. By better understanding the experiences of adolescents enduring recruitment and how to support caregivers of those adolescents, more comprehensive programming models can be developed to adequately prevent voluntary recruitment and promote successful reintegration, enabling children to reach their full potential.