bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dentigerous Cyst Associated with an Impacted Maxillary Supernumerary Tooth
Authors: Jason Rebecca , Ananth Neil , Lal M S Jaish , Rani T Sudha , Dinakar J , Kumar K U Goma , Libin Selva
Published: August 2022

Dentigerous cysts are common cysts of the oral cavity and are said to arise, due to an accumulation of fluid between the reduced enamel epithelium of the dental follicle and the crown of the unerupted tooth. Their indolent behaviour warrants only surgical enucleation which is curative. The occurrence of dentigerous cysts in association with impacted supernumerary teeth accounts for 5% of the total cases, making it a rare phenomenon and raising considerable concerns due to the possible metaplastic and neoplastic transformations reported to arise from dentigerous cysts. Here we report a case of a 38-year-old male patient with a slow growing swelling in the anterior maxilla which was a radiographically seen as a unilocular radiolucency with no associated calcifications and hence prompted suspicions of a nasopalatine duct cyst which was contradicted on surgical enucleation which produced two small teeth like structures.
On computation of the topological invariants of metal-organic networks
Authors: Malik Mehar Ali , Aqib Muhammad , Liu Jia-bao
Published: August 2022

Metal-Organic Networks (MON’s) is the central bone for the chemical
compounds of the latest study for the energy department. The study of
MON’s structure provides us numerous benefits in different fields
related to chemical sciences, electrical and civil sectors. The MON’s
structure is also used to restore different chemical compounds,
especially those elements which can be used for the energy purpose such
as hydrogen and carbon. Topological indices of the MON’s structure
provide relationships between physical and chemical characteristics of
the this compound such as melting points, boiling points, chemically
stability, pressure, chemical reaction factors and many other basic
properties. In this paper we calculate different topological indices
based on first, second and third distances for two different
metal-organic networks with expanding number of layers consisting on
both organic ligands and metal vertices. A comparison between the
calculated different kinds of the Topological Indices with the help of
the numerical values and their graphical representation is also
included.
Peri-Renal Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in Primary Myelofibrosis Patient.
Authors: Rashid Farah , Elamin Nusiba , Afana Mohammad Suhail , Cherif Honar , Abdelrazek Mohamed , yassin mohamed
Published: August 2022

A 56-year-old male known to have Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) on
ruxolitinib presented with flank pain and high creatinine, MRI abdomen
showed features of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Therefore,
Extramedullary hematopoiesis should be considered in patient with PMF
presenting with deranged renal function.
Biofilm-Associated Candidal Thrombophlebitis
Authors: Fukushima Shinnosuke , Yamamoto Koichiro , Nakano Yasuhiro , Hagiya Hideharu , Otsuka Fumio
Published: August 2022

Candidemia is possibly complicated with a biofilm formation, and the
mortality rate of biofilm-associated candidemia is reported very high.
Herein, we described candida biofilm-related thrombophlebitis, which was
successfully treated with micafungin. This case suggested that biofilm
targeted therapy may be warranted in the presence of thrombus formation.
Genozidleugnung: Organisiertes Vergessen oder Substanzielle Erkenntnispraxis?
Authors: Altanian Melanie
Published: August 2022

Die Begriffe kollektive Amnesie und organisiertes Vergessen werden oft verwendet, um Fälle zu beschreiben, in denen historisches Wissen, das im gesellschaftlichen, kollektiven Gedächtnis verfügbar sein sollte – weil es sich beispielsweise um gerechtigkeitsrelevantes Wissen handelt – aus unterschiedlichen, meist politisch problematischen Gründen nicht verfügbar ist. Beispielsweise, weil es gegebene Herrschaftsverhältnisse bedrohen würde. In diesem Beitrag soll gezeigt werden, weshalb diese Begriffe gerade in solchen Fällen irreführend sind. Insbesondere nationale Erinnerungspolitik kann oftmals aus Erkenntnispraktiken bestehen oder befördern, die nicht primär Vergessen herbeiführen, sondern in der Gesellschaft verfügbares Wissen über bestimmte Themen verschleiern, verzerren und dadurch die gesellschaftliche Verständigung darüber erschweren oder sogar riskant macht; was vor allem in Fällen offensichtlich wird, in denen koloniale und genozidale Vergangenheiten systematisch geleugnet werden. So kann staatlich geförderte, systematische Genozidleugnung zwar durchaus selektiv zu „vergessen“ oder Wissensverlust führen. Doch viel problematischer aus ethischer und epistemischer Sicht ist, dass dadurch existierendes Wissen und Erinnerungen an die Verbrechen fortlaufend diskreditiert und unterdrückt werden. Genauer werden durch institutionelle und soziale Prozesse und Praktiken historische Fakten und andere Beweise, auf denen Erinnerung basiert, nicht nur ignoriert oder vernachlässigt, sondern vorsätzlich verschleiert, verzerrt und fehlinterpretiert. Es wird dadurch schädliches Unwissen und Unverständnis über die historischen Tatsachen und deren normative Bewertung generiert. Dadurch schafft Genozidleugnung nicht nur Wissenssubjekte, die nichts über den Genozid wissen – denn ein bloßer Wissensmangel könnte durch Bereitstellung des nötigen Wissens behoben werden – sondern das Thema verkennen, aktiv Tatsachen leugnen und dadurch die gesellschaftliche Verständigung über das Thema erschweren oder verunmöglichen. Um also besser zu verstehen, welche ethischen und epistemischen Konsequenzen systematische Genozidleugnung für Überlebende und Nachfahren, wie auch die Gesellschaft insgesamt mit sich bringt, schlage ich vor, systematische Genozidleugnung vielmehr als substanzielle Erkenntnispraxis (vgl. Alcoff 2007, 39) und somit als Fall vorsätzlichen Unwissens zu verstehen. Wie ich am Beispiel der türkischen Leugnung des Genozids an den Armenier:innen illustrieren werde, wird der Genozid nicht vergessen, sondern erinnert und zugleich verkannt, mit der Absicht, Herrschaftsverhältnisse zu konsolidieren. Dadurch wird epistemische Ungerechtigkeit gefördert und aufrechterhalten.
Epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten in und durch Algorithmen – ein Überblick
Authors: El Kassar Nadja
Published: August 2022

Die Erkenntnis, dass Algorithmen diskriminieren, benachteiligen und ausschließen, ist mittlerweile weit verbreitet und anerkannt. Programme zur Verwendung im predictive policing, zur Berechnung von Rückfälligkeitswahrscheinlichkeiten bei Straftäter:innen oder zur automatischen Gesichtserkennung diskriminieren vor allem gegen nicht-Weiße Menschen. Im Zuge dieser Erkenntnis wird auch vereinzelt die Verbindung zu epistemischer Ungerechtigkeit hergestellt, wobei die meisten Beiträge die Verbindungen zwischen Algorithmen und epistemischer Ungerechtigkeit nicht im Detail analysieren. Dieser Artikel unternimmt einen Versuch, diese Lücke in der Literatur zu verkleinern. Dabei umreiße ich zunächst das Feld der Algorithmen, um so die Entitäten, die epistemisch ungerecht sein könnten, klar zu fassen und zu unterscheiden. Dann erläutere ich eine Auswahl von epistemischen Ungerechtigkeiten, die für die Analyse von ungerechten Algorithmen relevant sind. Schließlich führe ich epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten und Algorithmen zusammen und zeige anhand von drei Beispielen – automatische Geschlechtserkennung, Googles Suchmaschinen-Algorithmus, PredPol (predictive policing) – dass Algorithmen an testimonialer Ungerechtigkeit und hermeneutischer Ungerechtigkeit beteiligt sind. Sie tragen so zudem auf verschiedenen Ebenen zur Exklusion von marginalisierten Gruppen bei.
Was ist Geschlechtergerechtigkeit?
Authors: Hänel Hilkje C. , Schuppert Fabian
Published: August 2022

In Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic zielt Serene Khader auf eine Neuausrichtung der feministischen Perspektive, welche es schafft, dekolonial und anti-imperialistisch zu sein, ohne gleichzeitig dem Universalismus komplett abzuschwören. Die Motivation hinter dieser Neuorientierung ist die Einsicht, dass der liberale moralische Universalismus oftmals kulturelle Vorherrschaft und Imperialismus verstärkt. In diesem Kommentar wollen wir (a) uns mit der Frage beschäftigen, was genau unter Geschlechtergerechtigkeit verstanden werden soll und welcher Maßstab zur Beantwortung der Frage nach Gerechtigkeit angebracht ist und (b) einige Ideen zum Unterschied zwischen idealer und nicht-idealer Theorie liefern.
Welche Art von Unterdrückung sollte im Fokus eines transnationalen, anti-imperialistischen Feminismus stehen?
Authors: Reibold Kerstin
Published: August 2022

Serene Khaders Decolonizing Universalism präsentiert eine erhellende Theorie darüber, wie ein antiimperialer, transnationaler Feminismus heute verstanden werden sollte. Im Mittelpunkt ihrer Theorie steht eine Definition von Feminismus als Widerstand gegen sexistische Unterdrückung, welche sie als systematische Benachteiligung, die Frauen wegen ihres Frau-Seins erfahren, versteht. Allerdings begründet Khader nur sehr kursorisch, warum diese Definition von Unterdrückung am besten für einen antiimperialen, transnationalen Feminismus geeignet ist. Dieser Artikel argumentiert, dass Khader nicht nur eine ausführlichere Begründung schuldig bleibt, sondern dass ihr Konzept von Unterdrückung mit einigen der Ziele ihrer Theorie sowie mit den Begründungsformen, die sie für universale Werte vorschlägt, in direktem Konflikt steht. Zunächst wendet sich Abschnitt 2 der Frage zu, wie Khader Unterdrückung genau versteht. Abschnitt 3 argumentiert, dass ihr Konzept von Unterdrückung mit einigen Zielen ihrer Theorie, insbesondere dem Antiimperialismus, in Konflikt steht. Abschnitt 4 schlägt vor, dass ein Konzept von Unterdrückung als Entzug von Autonomie besser zu den antiimperialistischen Zielen von Khaders Theorie passt und dazu geeignet ist, die Offenheit bezüglich des Inhalts grundlegender Menschenrechte zu adressieren.
Klimaaktivismus als ziviler Ungehorsam
Authors: Kiesewetter Benjamin
Published: August 2022

Politische Aktionen von Fridays for Future, Extinction Rebellion und anderen Klimaaktivist:innen gehen häufig bewusst mit der Übertretung gesetzlicher Regelungen – wie etwa der Schulpflicht oder der Straßenverkehrsordnung – einher und sind dafür auch in der Öffentlichkeit kritisiert worden. In diesem Aufsatz verteidige ich die Auffassung, dass die relevanten Gesetzesübertretungen eine Form moralisch gerechtfertigten zivilen Ungehorsams gegen die Klimapolitik darstellen. Ich zeige zuerst, dass die Aktionen auch nach strengen Kriterien unter den Begriff des zivilen Ungehorsams fallen. Danach argumentiere ich, dass sie plausible Rechtfertigungsbedingungen für zivilen Ungehorsam erfüllen, weil sie sich gegen gravierende und eindeutige Ungerechtigkeiten richten und legale Einflussmöglichkeiten über Jahrzehnte hinweg keine Abhilfe geschaffen haben. Schließlich weise ich den Einwand zurück, dass der zivile Ungehorsam gegen die Klimapolitik demokratische Grundprinzipien verletzt, weil er sich eigenmächtig über demokratisch erlassene Gesetze und Vereinbarungen hinweg setzt. Ich argumentiere zunächst, dass der Einwand in Bezug auf einen wichtigen Teil der Aktivist:innen schon deshalb fehlgeht, weil diese als Minderjährige von der demokratischen Partizipation ausgeschlossen sind. Darüber hinaus verteidige ich die Position, dass der Ungehorsam auch von wahlberechtigten Klimaaktivist:innen durch das Bestehen schwerwiegender demokratischer Defizite gerechtfertigt ist und zu deren Korrektur beitragen kann. Solche Defizite bestehen u. a. in der fehlenden Repräsentation der Interessen zukünftig und global vom Klimawandel betroffener Personen.
Liberalismus und die situierte Epistemologie der Ungerechtigkeit
Authors: Kaufmann Katharina
Published: August 2022

Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Frage, ob und wie der Liberalismus mit der situierten Epistemologie der Ungerechtigkeit umgehen kann. Diese Frage stellt sich im Zuge der liberalen Annäherung an Ungerechtigkeitskonzepte beispielsweise durch die nicht-ideale Theorie sowie die Rezeption Judith Shklars, und ist durch eine Diskrepanz liberaler Theoriebildung motiviert: einerseits steht das konstitutive normative Interesse des Liberalismus an Ungerechtigkeit; andererseits steht die weitgehend auf Abstraktion basierende Methodologie des Liberalismus, die spezifisches Wissen über Ungerechtigkeit verunmöglicht. Insbesondere in Fällen struktureller Ungerechtigkeit gilt die soziale Identität von Akteur:innen als relevantes Merkmal, von der aber qua partikularer Eigenschaft abstrahiert wird. Gegen diese Methodologie der Abstraktion spricht jedoch insbesondere die These der feministischen Standpunkttheorie, der zufolge Wissen sozial situiert sei und Mitglieder sozial marginalisierter Gruppen privilegierten Zugang zu Wissen über Ungerechtigkeit haben können. Dieses Wissen besitzt, so meine These, für den Liberalismus normative Relevanz. Ich werde in diesem Beitrag am Beispiel von Judith Shklars Liberalismus zeigen, dass die Integration situierten Wissens über Ungerechtigkeit in konfliktive Varianten liberaler Theorien konzeptuell möglich ist. Nach einer Übersicht über die soziale Variante feministischer Standpunkttheorie, die sich auf die Epistemologie der Ungerechtigkeit fokussiert, argumentiere ich für die grundsätzliche Vereinbarkeit des Liberalismus mit der These der sozialen Situiertheit von Wissen in normativer und methodologischer Hinsicht. Ich zeige erstens, dass der normative Individualismus, auf den jede liberale Theorie definitorisch festgelegt ist, auch der sozialen Standpunkttheorie zugrunde liegt, wie ich am Konzept epistemischer Ungerechtigkeit zeige. Zweitens differenziere ich in methodologischer Hinsicht zwischen idealer und nicht-idealer liberaler Theorie. Ich zeige, dass die ideale liberale Theorie bei Rawls das für strukturelle Ungerechtigkeit relevante Merkmal der sozialen Identität nicht konzeptualisieren kann, dass jedoch Tommie Shelbys nicht-ideale liberale Theorie eine der sozialen Standpunkttheorie analoge Argumentation verfolgt, da sie Erfahrungen in Abhängigkeit von sozialer Identität zum Ausgangpunkt der Frage nach sozialer Gerechtigkeit macht. Drittens argumentiere ich, dass Judith Shklars konfliktiver Liberalismus besonders geeignet ist, die situierte Epistemologie der Ungerechtigkeit zu integrieren, da sie die Schnittstelle der beiden Ansätze auf die Ebene der liberalen Gesellschaft verlagert. Auf dieser kann das situierte Wissen über Ungerechtigkeit, das Mitglieder marginalisierter sozialer Gruppen haben, als Expert:innenwissen verarbeitet werden und so soziale und politische Reformen anstoßen.
Stumme Schreie
Authors: Schotte Dietrich
Published: August 2022

Trotz der wiederholten Kritik an ihm scheint Johan Galtungs Begriff der „strukturellen Gewalt“ durch die Verbindung von sozialwissenschaftlicher Analyse und normativer Kritik komplexer sozialer Strukturen wie gemacht zu sein für die Analyse epistemischen Unrechts. Während andere Autor:innen deutlich klarer definierte und abgegrenzte Begriffe der strukturellen oder „institutionalisierten“ Gewalt vorgeschlagen haben, fehlt hier meist eine Diskussion der entsprechenden Phänomene, die den Begriff des „epistemischen Unrechts“ einbezieht. In diesem Aufsatz will ich unter Einbeziehung jüngerer Arbeiten zum Begriff der Gewalt zum einen zeigen, dass die bisweilen zu findende Rede von „epistemischer Gewalt“ sich unter Rückgriff auf einen engen Gewaltbegriff klarer bestimmen lässt: als seelische Gewalt, die durch direktes Zeugnisunrecht ausgeübt wird. Zum anderen möchte ich zeigen, dass der Begriff epistemischen Unrechts ein meist fehlender, aber notwendiger Bestandteil einer Analyse jener sozialen Strukturen ist, die als „institutionalisierte Gewalt“ bezeichnet werden müssen. Denn strukturelles „silencing“, „testimonial smothering“ und hermeneutisches Unrecht von bzw. gegen Opfer von Gewalt sind in den meisten Fällen ein essentieller Bestandteil institutionalisierter Gewalt.
Analysis of Gene Expressions Associated with Response of Phenolic Metabolism of Allelopathic Rice under Barnyardgrass Stress
Authors: EAZ ElShamey
Published: August 2022

Allelopathic rice varieties Giza 179 and Sakha 103 were induced by exogenous salicylic acid (SA) to suppress barnyardgrass weed (BYG) and were investigated using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) methods. The results explained that exogenous salicylic acid could induce the allelopathic effect of rice on BYG. The variety Giza 179 showed higher inhibitory effect than Sakha 103 variety on BYG after treated with different concentrations of salicylic acid. Fourteen genes induced by salicylic acid were obtained by SSH analysis from Giza 179 variety. These genes encode ubiquitin carrier proteins, proteins related to phenyl-propanoid metabolism, receptor-kinase proteins, antioxidant related proteins and some growth-mediating proteins. The variations among gene expressions were validated by qRT-PCR in the two rice varieties. Previous studies indicated that cytoplasmic male sterile lines IR69625A, and G46A had general combining ability for panicle weight and grain yield per plant, while the varieties Giza 179 and Giza 178 had general combining ability for grain yield per plant and seed set percentage. In addition, with regard to the variety Giza 179 which have allelopathic potential and restoring fertility genes, so we recommend by using the variety Giza 179 as parental line with the used cytoplasmic male sterile line to produce hybrid rice have highly yield and strong allelopathy
An Overview on Ring Closing Metathesis Reaction and its Applications
Authors: Sankaran Ganapathy Subramanian
Published: August 2022

Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are the most important class of reactions in organic synthesis. Among them, in recent years, ring-closing metathesis (RCM) has gained much of attention due to its success for the synthesis of macro lactones. In many cases, ring closing metathesis has been used as the key step, owing to its fundamentally convergent character.
On the Climate
Authors: Halidullin Oleg
Published: August 2022

There was a message that in Russia alone dumps covered 100,000 km. kv. fertile soil. This is the necrosis of the earth. It is known that every blade of grass and every animal consumes water, converts and emits almost all of this moisture. For example, a birch-200 liters, a cow-100 liters. You can bring the list more fully.
Formal or Informal? Analysis of the Potato Seed System in Rwanda
Authors: Fromm Ingrid
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study was to analyze the formal and informal potato seed supply system in Rwanda and their interactions (year 2016). Three instruments were applied during this research: formal and informal interviews and expert interviews. In order to supply Rwandan farmers with high quality seed, the formal and informal systems must be complementary and mutually dependent. It is suggested that the certified seed production must be combined with the development of strong and targeted linkages along with the informal seed sector. At the same time, the strengthening of the informal seed system must be improved to increase the seed quality produced by farmers. The promotion of the integratedparticipative approaches in breeding, seed production and distribution would help improve the complementary between the two systems. By doing this, the actual quantity of certified seed could have a major impact on the overall seed supply and increase the seed quantity in the country.
The Effect of Bio and Inorganic Fertilizer on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Mungbean (Vigna Radiata L. Wilczek) Varieties in Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Fikru
Published: August 2022

The wide use of mungbean (Vigna radiate) as food crops forages and green manure is mainly associated with their ability to establish symbiotic association with root nodulating rhizobia. The field experiment was conducted at Kemisie Zone Dawachefa district, Ethiopian in 2017 was designed to study the effect of different levels of bio fertilizers and phosphorus on yield, nutrient uptake and economics of mungbean varieties for improving the overall productivity of the crop. The experiment was laid out with split plot design with three replications. Three levels of Rhizobium inoculation rates (0, 400g and 500g) and three level of phosphorus (0, 23 and 46 kg P2O5 ha-1) as the sub-plot factor and two different varieties as main plot, thereby, making eighteen treatment combinations. The result showed that Rhizobium and phosphorous had significant (p < 0.05) effect on morphological and phonological traits. An increase in the rate of application of Rhizobium and phosphorous linearly increase agronomic, yield and yield component traits. The maximum seed yield (1808 kg ha-1) was obtained when we apply 500g Rhizobium inoculants and 0 kg P2O5 ha-1. Thus the application of Rhizobium inoculants at 500g alone or Rhizobium inoculants 500g combined with phosphorus application at the rate of 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 were economically optimum level for harvesting the highest yield of mungbean for the region. Despite significant increases observed in yield, nutrient uptake, economic response to the recommended rates of bio fertilizer, future studies should focus on multi-locations and seasons to arrive at conclusive results.
Evaluation of Management Practices in Layer Chickens and their Influence on Welfare Status in Kabete Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: J Gelle Shukri
Published: August 2022

Reduced land sizes, increased demand for food and employment creation are drivers for increased intensive poultry production in Kenya. Intensification of production is likely to compromise the welfare of birds raised for egg production (layers). There is therefore need to determine the welfare status of layers in smallholder farms in Kenya. This study was conducted in Kabete Sub-county of Kiambu County in Kenya, covering Muguga, Nyathuna and Kabete wards. Data was collected from 135 randomly selected farms comprising of 54, 55, and 26 from Muguga, Nyathuna and Kabete, respectively. One laying flock in each household was studied. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on feeding, housing, health and behaviour of layers. Measurements were taken to determine stocking densities, feeding, watering, perching and nesting spaces, house temperature and litter depth. Observations were made to assess house ammonia levels, litter quality and foot pad dermatitis. In each ward a focus group discussion with farmers was held. Focus group discussion was also held with extension agents. Hen-day egg production was the same (p>0.05) in the three wards, with a mean of 80±12%. Water and feed were provided throughout the day by 100 and 80% of the farmers, respectively. The mean feed consumption was 115.2±15.7 g/bird/day, which was the same (p>0.05) in the three wards. The mean feeding space was 10.4±3.0 cm/bird while the linear watering space was 2.5±0.7 cm/bird. Similar stocking densities (p > 0.05) of 10±3, 10±3 and 11±3 birds/m2 were found in Muguga, Nyathuna and Kabete, respectively. Similar poultry house temperatures (p>0.05) of 24.6±2.3, 24.4±2.2 and 22.9±2.9oC were recorded in Muguga, Nyathuna and Kabete, respectively. Ammonia level was not a problem in 64% of the houses studied. In 70% of the layer houses the litter moisture content was acceptable (dry). A small proportion of farmers (24%) provided perches for the layers. Similar perching space (p>0.05) of 7.1±5.8, 12±11, 12±8.7 cm/bird was recorded in Muguga, Nyathuna and Kabete, respectively. About 37% of the farmers reported occurrence of diseases such as New Castle, gumboro, fowl pox and fowl typhoid. All farmers provided laying nests, but none of them provided sand bathing facilities. For control of cannibalism, 63% of the farmers provided fresh green vegetables to the birds for pecking. In conclusion, welfare needs in terms of good feeding, house temperature, and litter quality were met. However the stocking density was high and there was minimum attempt to provide facilities for normal behaviour (perches and sand bathing boxes). The overall assessment was that the welfare of the birds was compromised because some of their requirements were not met.
Socio-Economic and Institutional Factors Influencing Adoption of Community-Based Agriculture and Rural Development (CBARD) Crop Production Interventions Project in Kaduna and Bauchi States, Nigeria
Authors: NP Chikezie
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to assess the socio-economic and institutional factors influencing adoption of Communitybased Agriculture and Rural Development (CBARD) Crop Production Interventions Project in Kaduna and Bauchi States, Nigeria. Primary data for the study were collected using well-structured questionnaire, administered to 746 beneficiaries Descriptive statistics and Logit regression were used to analyze the data. The results of logit regression estimates indicated that age, farm size, farming experience, membership of cooperative societies, extension contact and access to input were all significant at 1% level of probability and influenced beneficiaries’ adoption of recommended crop varieties by 42% in the AfDB-CBARD Project Interventions. The rural wage earning opportunities created by the project as reported by the respondents in the study area included petty trading, crop processing and milling, commercial transportation, water vending, craftwork, bricklaying, seed multiplication, hired labour and animal traction. Constraints encountered by the beneficiaries as they participated in the project were inadequate capital, inadequate processing and storage facilities, low western literacy level and low prices for farm produce. The following recommendations were made: promotion of savings among farmers and farmer groups should be encouraged as well as encouraging the social organisation to secure loans for their members from agricultural banks. Commodity market/produce user programme and processing industries should be established to handle excess farm produce. Government should create awareness amongst the farmers conceiving the newly established agricultural cargo airports nearest to them. The cost of agro chemicals should be subsidized. Feeder roads should be constructed. Recreation facilities like viewing centers and rural telephony should be encouraged and a functional umbrella organisation for farmers is required to handle issues of capacity building for farmers.
The Market of the Minimally Processed Fresh Produce Needs of Safer Strategies for Improving Shelf Life and Quality: A Critical Overview of the Traditional Technologies
Authors: U De Corato
Published: August 2022

The market of minimally processed fresh produce have grown rapidly in the last years as a result of consumer attitudes change due to their increasing use in prepared mixed salad for fresh, healthy and convenient food. Handling and mechanical operations of cutting and peeling induce release of on-site cellular contents which promote the growth of harmful microbes. Chlorine has been widely adopted in disinfection washing due to its low cost and high efficacy against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Continuous replenishment of chlorine into high organic wash water can promote the formation of suspected carcinogenic compounds. Although advanced methods and chemicals can be proposed to achieve significant reduction of microorganism count without the production of harmful compounds, nor compromising the quality of fresh produce, fewer amount of them have gained widespread acceptance by the food industry. The aim of this paper was to give an upgraded level of critical understanding of the traditional technologies to address future researches in order to resolve certain novel issues that nowadays limit the shelf-life and quality of minimally processed fruit and vegetable for a modern food industry.
The Elephant in the Forest: Population Increase and its Effect on Deforestation
Authors: Openshaw Keith
Published: August 2022

The principal cause of global warming is the burning of fossil fuels, which adds about 9.3 billion tonnes of carbon (34.2x109 tCO2) to the atmosphere each year. However, deforestation adds about another 1.4 billion tonnes of carbon (5.1x109 tCO2) each year. The principal driver of deforestation is the increase in population, mainly in poor tropical countries, and to a lesser extent the expansion of commercial agriculture. If nothing is done to increase agricultural (and forestry) productivity and temper population increase, then deforestation will increase and so will GHGs. Various proposals are made to increase agricultural and silvicultural productivity, capture GHG through tree planting etc. and tempering population growth. Such steps could reverse deforestation. Trees and their products could play a positive role in meeting the Paris Accord Target to control GHG emissions, improve rural income and lead to truly sustainable development.
Dry Matter Partitioning and Phenological Traits of Maize as Influenced by Diverse Levels of Humic Acid
Authors: Ahmad Farhan
Published: August 2022

Despite the fact that maize productivity is relatively better than other major cereal crops, its current productivity is still far below its potential productivity. An experiment was conducted to asses the influence the effect of humic acid levels on phenology and dry matter partitioning of maize (Zea mays L) at New Developmental Research Farm of The University Agricultural Peshawar, during summer 2016. The experiment was condected in randamized complete block design RCBD having three replications. The experiment was consisted of five humic acid levels ( 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 kg ha-1). The response of humic acid levels was significant to different phenological traits like days to tasseling, silking and days to maturity. Maximum and minimum days were taken by days to tasseling ( Control = 65 and 15 kg ha-1 = 54), silking (Control = 70 and 15 kg ha-1, 58), maturity (25 kg ha-1 107 and 15 kg ha-1, 98). Humic acid significantly effect dry matter partitioning of maize like number of grains cob-1 (574) were taken from the plots which treated with 15 kg ha-1. Higher thousand grain weight (348.5 gm) was taken from the plot which treated with 15 kg ha-1, while minimum (207.5 gm) was taken from the control treatment. Higher biological yield (17338 kg ha-1)was taken from the plot which receive 15 kg ha-1 of humic acid, while minimum yield (11375 kg ha-1) was taken from control treatment. The highest net return of grain yield (5054 kg ha-1) was taken from the plot which treated with 15 kg ha-1, while minimum grain yield ( 3050 kg ha-1) was taken from the plot which treated with 5 kg ha-1 of humic acid. It is concluded that overall 15 kg ha-1 of humic acid showed best performance.
Enhancement of Tolerance to Sheath Blight in Indica Rice through Incorporation of Chitinase Genes
Authors: Krishna R Sai
Published: August 2022

Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, a polyphagous fungus, is a major disease on rice and causes up to 50% yield losses. Genetic enhancement of host plant disease resistance is an attractive solution to address diseases like sheath blight. The major problem associated with enhancement of host (rice) resistance to sheath blight through conventional approaches is the lack of resistant donors in the rice gene pool and only moderate levels of resistance is available. In this study, an attempt was made to enhance host plant resistance through incorporation of a chitinase gene employing biolistic approach. The incorporation of the transgene was confirmed through molecular analyses like PCR and Southern assays. The results of the bioassay studies against the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani did indicate higher levels of resistance moreover the inheritance pattern of the transgene was Mendelian. The transgenics generated did show high promise and can provide a practical solution to tackle sheath blight, a major disease on rice.
Parameter Sensitivity of the Modified Green-Ampt Surface Sealing Infiltration Model
Authors: Oppong Tuffour Henry
Published: August 2022

The Modified Green-Ampt Surface Sealing (MGASS) infiltration model considers real field infiltration process, wherein dispersed soil sediments, especially clay particles are present in the infiltrating water, and also accounts for the process of surface sealing. In view of the changes in the concentration of the soil sediments as infiltration proceeds, the various physical parameters in the equation are likely to change. Ponded infiltration studies were conducted in the field on three different soils to examine these changes in the model parameters, and how they influence the infiltration process. The results were compared with simulated infiltration using the Green-Ampt (G-A) MGASS infiltration models. The G-A model is often used to characterize infiltration process in soil hydrology. The key parameters in the MGASS model were the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface seal formed during the infiltration of water, hydraulic head, and moisture deficit; for the G-A model, the parameters were the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil surface, hydraulic head and moisture deficit. The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of the soil surface was found to be the most sensitive parameter in the G-A model. The MGASS equation, on the other hand was highly sensitive to changes in hydraulic head (hf)
Mineral Fertilization of Potato Crop and Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics in Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Nebiyu Amsalu
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum rates of phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers for high yield and better tuber quality of potato (var. Jalanne) on Nitisols of Jimma, in 2011/12 under rain fed conditions. Four levels of P (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P ha-1) and three levels of potassium (0, 55 and 110 kg K ha-1) were combined in a 4x3 factorial arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on yield, and tuber quality parameters such as dry matter, specific gravity and starch content. The result of the study showed significant effects P and K fertilizers on major yield parameters: harvest index, total tuber yield, marketable tuber yield, total tuber number, marketable tuber number, tuber diameter, mean tuber weight and tuber quality parameters: dry matter content tuber specific gravity, and starch content. The higher total tuber number (11), marketable tuber yield (41.4 t ha-1) and total tuber yield (44.9 t ha-1) was obtained from the combined application of 60:110 kg of P:K ha-1. An increased P application levels resulted in a reduced dry matter content of potato tuber from 24.9 to 20.9%. The highest dry matter content was obtained with no P application while the lowest was obtained from application of 60 kg P ha-1. Unlike P, increased level of K nutrient application from 0 to 110 kg ha-1 increased the dry matter content from 21.1 to 24.4%. Similarly, increasing the application of P from 0 to 60 kg ha-1 significantly decreased specific gravity of the tuber while increasing K levels from 0 to 110 kg K ha-1 increased the tuber specific gravity. Further, higher levels of P and K increased the starch content of potato tuber. Starch content was relatively higher in tubers treated with K compared to P treatments suggesting that the use of higher rates of K in potato could tend to enhance starch content in potatoes.
Tablero de indicadores de desempeño académico en la carrera de ingeniería Industrial de la UABC
Authors: Chávez Moreno Edgar Armando
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo de investigación cualitativa muestra los resultados del seguimiento realizado a los profesores de la carrera de ingeniería Industrial de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California durante los semestres 2020-1, 2020-2 y 2021-1. Dicho seguimiento se dio con apoyo de un tablero de control de indicadores de desempeño académico que mide el grado de cumplimiento de las actividades académicas y culturales que contribuyen a la formación de estudiantes. Entre los resultados procesados con Minitab 17 destaca que los profesores obtuvieron una calificación de 90 en su desempeño como docentes según la opinión de los estudiantes. Las conclusiones confirman que la implementación de un tablero de indicadores de desempeño académico permite mantener y garantizar la calidad educativa.
Sistemas socioecológicos, resiliencia comunitaria y protección civil: una revisión
Authors: Álvarez Trinidad Juan Antonio , Grajales Castillejos Octavio
Published: August 2022

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación documental sobre los conceptos de sistema socioecológico, resiliencia, resiliencia comunitaria y protección civil. Para estos dos últimos temas se examinaron las discusiones académicas relacionadas con las áreas de oportunidad que existen para la generación del conocimiento. Se encontró que los vacíos en el conocimiento indican el estado real de los colectivos de personas en cuanto a la capacidad de resiliencia comunitaria frente a fenómenos perturbadores, así como a la limitada participación de las personas en la toma de decisiones para afrontar dichas situaciones. En este contexto, se requiere del diseño y operación de indicadores que permitan recabar evidencia sobre la resiliencia comunitaria e indagar sobre la gestión de riesgo para reducir la vulnerabilidad en una población. Además, se debe profundizar en la capacidad de respuesta gubernamental frente a los desastres y en el modo de incorporar el enfoque de la sustentabilidad como eje de la política pública de protección civil. Considerando los resultados, se concluye que hay una relación entre los sistemas socioecológicos, la resiliencia comunitaria y la protección civil, a partir de la cual se pueden integrar marcos de análisis multidisciplinarios, sistémicos y holísticos que permitan abordar los problemas derivados de la interacción de la sociedad y el medio ambiente en casos de fenómenos extremos como los desastres.
Effect of Healthy Eating Habits on the Academic Performance of Graduating Students
Authors: Khan Sohail Imran , Zada Rohat , Ismael Dhuha Saad
Published: August 2022

Introduction: This study was necessary as most graduating students were studying hard but, it didn’t work as expected, leading to disappointment. When they move to undergraduate courses, their lifestyle gets changed. Therefore, it is relevant based on their diet, it can help them achieve higher academic performance.
Objective: The present research work was undertaken to examine the effect of a healthy diet on the overall academic performance of graduating students.
Methods: For the study, 279 students from RTM Nagpur University were used as sample size and were selected randomly. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the responses from the participants. Students were evaluated based on their SGPA scores.
Results: Results obtained state a strong and positive association between a healthy diet and academic performance. Results confirmed the hypothesis that if students practice of daily healthy diet their academic performance will improve.
Conclusion: Many students of this university have habits of skipping breakfast or taking it a few times a week and not daily. Also, they are not good at eating healthy foods. This directly affects their performance in academics. Therefore, parents are advised to keep a strict check on these habits.
فاعلية وكفاءة الاجراءات التشريعية في الظروف الاستثنائية
Authors: Abuilkassem Layla I. , Hamdi Sameer  ‎ S.
Published: August 2022

يبحث البحث في كيفية ارتباط الفاعلية بالقيادات الإدارية، وما مدى ارتباط الكفاءة بإدارة المنظمة؛ لتحقيق الهدف المرجو, وكما أنه يمكن الاستفادة منهما  في حالة الظروف الطارئة و الاستثنائية، لوضع المعالجات التي تتطلبها الحالة، لأنه في هذه الحالة يستحيل على الإدارة التصرف وفق مبدأ المشروعية، التي تستند على القواعد القانونية التي يتضمنها الدستور و القوانين في الدولة للحفاظ على النظام العام.
A Proposed Model for Build a Secure Restful API to Connect between Server Side and Mobile Application Using Laravel Framework with Flutter Toolkits
Authors: AL-atraqchi Osama M.A.
Published: August 2022

Any business these days need a mobile application connected with central database, like E-commerce, E-Learning, Restaurant applications …etc., and in order to create a professional application -connected with backend, Restful API is needed, therefore, choose the best languages, tools and frameworks to build a mobile application in the client side, and Database, API and Dashboard in the backend is crucial. this paper proposed a model to create a Cross-platform mobile application using Flutter Framework with some packages like http to connect with API, (flutter_secure_storage) to store a token and (GetX) for state management and MVC Architectural style, beside using Laravel framework with MySQL database to build an Restful API and the dashboard in the backend, and for make a system for Rules and permissions, Spatie package has been used  with Laravel, as well as use Sanctum for Authentication and Authorization system to protect the APIs with JWT, the result is build a full stack application (frontend and Backend)  called (My Services), which is a kind of Ecommerce application for services only in less than one month.
Serum Fibroblast Growth Factors 23, Chemerin, and Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Tawfeeq Shatha N. , Al Anzy Moayad M. , Sarhat Entedhar R.
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study was to compare the levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and chemerin, as well as Vitamin D in psoriasis sufferers and healthy controls. From 2021 to 2022, ninety subjects were studied. The study comprised 45 individuals with psoriasis and 45 healthy controls. Serum fasting FGF23 and chemerin levels of the study group were examined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results demonstrate that the mean serum FGF23 and chemerin quantities in psoriasis patients were greater than in controls, with a statistically significant. Patients with psoriasis, on the other hand, had considerably lower blood Vitamin D levels than healthy controls. These findings demonstrate that psoriatic patients have lower Vitamin D levels than healthy controls, and they add to the growing body of data linking FGF23, chemerin Vitamin D levels, and the course of psoriasis.
Optimization of solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from Lagenaria siceraria fruit by response surface methodology
Authors: Iftikhar Sahar , Tariq Qamar Muhammad , Aydar Alev Yüksel , Ahmed Dildar
Published: August 2022

Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) fruit is highly celebrated for its nutritional as well as therapeutic properties. The present study was undertaken with the aim of exploring an efficient green solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction method for bioactives from this fruit. Optimization was done according to response surface methodology (RSM), where microwave power (W) and time (s) were independent factors, and percent extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and iron chelating activity (ICA) were the responses. TPC, TFC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP and ICA were highest at 480 W and 60 s. The TPC was 288.9 mg GAE · g−1 DW (milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram dry weight), TFC was 214.1 mg RE · g−1 (rutin equivalent per gram DW), anti-radical activity was 32.96%, FRAP was 289.7 mg AAE · g−1 (mg ascorbic acid equivalents per gram) and ICA was 19.52%. The results of the study thus demonstrate that the solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction method, which utilised an optimum power of 480 W and a time of 60 s, is an effective and green method for extraction of antioxidant compounds from bottle gourd fruit.
The relationship between organizational politics, strategic political management, and competitive advantage
Authors: Kulikowska-Pawlak Monika , Zatoński Maciej
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The article aims to analyze organizational politics (OP) as a construct with four dimensions: planning, improvisational, learning, and entrepreneurial. We also examine the relationship between strategic political management and OP and between OP and the organizational effectiveness of a company, which is understood to be a competitive advantage. Finally, we aim to verify whether there is a mediating role for OP in the association of strategic political management and organizational effectiveness of an enterprise, also understood to be a competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative research was conducted on a sample of 355 medium-sized and large enterprises operating in Poland.

Findings

OP is a construct with four dimensions: planning, improvisational, learning, and entrepreneurial. Also, the supposition OP is positively related to the organizational effectiveness of a company was confirmed. We did not, however, find enough evidence to support hypotheses about the relationship between strategic political management and OP and the mediating role of OP in the association of strategic political management and organizational effectiveness of an enterprise.

Practical implications

The article sheds light on the potential use of OP as a strategic management tool. Authors argue enterprises that can use the opportunities of functional politics become strategically stronger than those that do not have this ability. In particular, enterprise management instruments should include OP as an inalienable medium for enterprise growth.

Originality/value

This paper offers some theoretical considerations and empirical research on OP's meaning for a company operating in a dynamic and hostile environment and OP's influence on organizational effectiveness.
Surveillance of Viruses in Varroa destructor Samples Collected from Honey Bee Colonies in Ontario, Canada, between 2015 and 2019
Authors: Morfin Nuria , Kozak Paul , Ledger Lisa , You Qiu , Bell-Rogers Patricia , Zechel Jennifer , Krishnamurthy Aparna , Slavic Durda , Guzman-Novoa Ernesto , Cai Hugh Y.
Published: August 2022

Varroa destructor parasitism is associated with extreme honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses in the northern hemisphere. Varroa destructor causes severe damage, including a decrease in bee longevity and immunosuppression, and acts as a vector for viruses, such as Deformed wing virus (DWV-A). The surveillance of viral pathogens in V. destructor samples is essential to assess risks of emerging virulent viral variants (such as VDV-1) and evaluate their impact on honey bee health. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify viral pathogens in V. destructor and honey bee samples collected in Ontario, Canada, from 2015 to 2019 with the use of metagenomics and real time PCR (qPCR). DWV-A and VDV-1 had the highest abundance of viral transcripts (7.5 log2 and 5.72 log2, respectively). Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and Bee macula virus were also identified. Viral identification and quantification in V. destructor samples using metagenomics will facilitate the surveillance of viral pathogens. This surveillance technique will assist diagnostic laboratories in delivering timely and accurate diagnoses and risk assessments, which in turn will help honey bee producers to take adequate measures to mitigate the damage caused by V. destructor and associated viruses.