bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible-light-promoted defluorinative ring-opening gem-difluoroallylation of cycloalkanols using 1-trifluoromethyl alkenes
Authors: Tian Jiabao , Sun Zhengchang , Li Weiyu , Wang Duozhi , Zhou Lei
Published: April 2022

A photocatalytic redox-neutral defluorinative ring-opening coupling of cycloalkanols with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes for the synthesis of gem-difluoroalkenes bearing a distal carbonyl group was developed.
The first example of unusual reversible nucleophilic addition to 2-(5-aryl-2-oxo-3H-pyrrol-3-ylidene)malononitriles – a new tool for the creation of thermosensitive molecular switches
Authors: Belikov Mikhail Yu. , Milovidova Angelina G. , Ievlev Mikhail Yu.
Published: April 2022

A new thermochromic system based on an unusual nucleophilic addition to pyrrol-3-ylidenemalononitrile derivatives was discovered.
A theoretical study of the monolayer-protected gold cluster Au317(SR)110
Authors: Li Lanyan , Wang Pu , Pei Yong
Published: April 2022

An unprecedented gold cluster, Au317(SR)110, containing a 267-atom icosahedral core is theoretically predicted. Based on the DFT and TD-DFT calculation results, the Au317 cluster processes good structural stability and metallic property.
Synergistic 2D MoSe2@WSe2 nanohybrid heterostructure toward superior hydrogen evolution and flexible supercapacitor
Authors: Patel Alkesh B. , Vaghasiya Jayraj V. , Chauhan Payal , Sumesh C. K. , Patel Vikas , Soni Saurabh S. , Patel Kireetkumar D. , Garg Parveen , Solanki Gunvant K. , Pathak Vivek M.
Published: April 2022

Large-area uniform MoSe2@WSe2 HS prepared by EPD, achieves better catalytic activity, HER, and supercapacitor performance.
Amino-acid modulated hierarchical In/H-Beta zeolites for selective catalytic reduction of NO with CH4 in the presence of H2O and SO2
Authors: Zhao Jiuhu , Dong Lei , Wang Yungang , Zhang Jingwen , Zhu Rongshu , Li Chaolin , Hong Mei
Published: April 2022

Mesoporous In/H-Beta-P synthesized using proline exhibits the highest NOx removal efficiency and stability in excess oxygen and poisonous SO2 and H2O.
Efficient iron–cobalt oxide bifunctional electrode catalysts in rechargeable high current density zinc–air batteries
Authors: Sim Wei Jian , Nguyen Mai Thanh , Huang Zixuan , Kheawhom Soorathep , Wattanakit Chularat , Yonezawa Tetsu
Published: April 2022

Iron–cobalt (FeCo) oxides dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized from nitrate precursors at loading levels from 10 wt% to 60 wt%.
Photobase-catalysed anionic thiol-epoxy click photopolymerization under NIR irradiation: from deep curing to shape memory
Authors: Huang Yaoxin , Li Longji , Liu Xiaoxuan , Li Zhiquan
Published: April 2022

A photobase generator absorbing upconversion fluorescence can efficiently catalyze anionic thiol-epoxy click photopolymerization under 980 nm NIR light irradiation.
Correction: Conversion of N-acyl amidines to amidoximes: a convenient synthetic approach to molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) from ribose
Authors: Ahmed Ajaz , Ahmed Qazi Naveed , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: April 2022

Correction for ‘Conversion of N-acyl amidines to amidoximes: a convenient synthetic approach to molnupiravir (EIDD-2801) from ribose’ by Ajaz Ahmed et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 36143–36147, DOI: 10.1039/D1RA06912H.
Metal binding and interdomain thermodynamics of mammalian metallothionein-3: enthalpically favoured Cu+supplants entropically favoured Zn2+to form Cu4+clusters under physiological conditions
Authors: Mehlenbacher Matthew R. , Elsiesy Rahma , Lakha Rabina , Villones Rhiza Lyne E. , Orman Marina , Vizcarra Christina L. , Meloni Gabriele , Wilcox Dean E. , Austin Rachel N.
Published: April 2022

Metallothioneins (MTs) are a ubiquitous class of small metal-binding proteins involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification.
Visible-light-driven reduction of CO2 to CO in fully aqueous media using a water-soluble cobalt porphyrin
Authors: Call Arnau , Cibian Mihaela , Yamauchi Kosei , Sakai Ken
Published: April 2022

Herein we report a water-soluble cobalt porphyrin that efficiently catalyzes the photoreduction of CO2 in fully aqueous media with a good selectivity over H2 production.
In operando identification of the V4+-site-dependent nitrogen reduction reaction of VSx
Authors: Zhao Rui , Chi Xinyue , Wang Xiaoxuan , Zhao Liang , Zhou Yixiang , Xiong Yuanyuan , Yao Shuyun , Wang Shiyu , Wang Dewei , Fu Zhenzhen , Yang Zhiyu , Yan Yi-Ming
Published: April 2022

VS2−x (V2+, V4+) and VS2 (V4+) are prepared to investigate the effect of valence states of vanadium on the catalytic activity. The adsorption of N2 molecules is exothermic on the V4+ site, but endothermic on the V2+ site. The spontaneous formation of *N2 at V4+ substantially boosts the ENRR.
Zwitterionic/active ester block polymers as multifunctional coatings for polyurethane-based substrates
Authors: Ma Zhuangzhang , Sun Jin , Dong Xiaohan , Gan Donglin , Peng Wan , Li Youxin , Qian Weijian , Liu Pingsheng , Shen Jian
Published: April 2022

A general facile strategy is developed to endow polyurethane-based substrates with long-term antifouling property. This strategy could find many applications on PU-based biomedical implants and devices.
Assessing the effect of surface states of mesoporous NiO films on charge transport and unveiling an unexpected light response phenomenon in tandem dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Cheng Haoliang , Ayaz Muhammad , Wrede Sina , Boschloo Gerrit , Hammarström Leif , Tian Haining
Published: April 2022

The effect of surface states of mesoporous NiO films on charge transport and an unexpected light response phenomenon in tandem dye-sensitized solar cells has been investigated.
Bioelectrocatalytic methanol production with alcohol dehydrogenase using methylviologen as an electron mediator
Authors: Katagiri Takayuki , Kuwata Masako , Yoneda Hideaki , Sumi Hideaki , Amao Yutaka
Published: April 2022

Bioelectrocatalytic methanol production from formaldehyde with alcohol dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was developed toward establishing a method for synthesizing CO2 to methanol.
An integrated 2‐bit metasurface array antenna with broadband low radar cross‐section covering large incident angle space
Authors: Zhang Zhiyun , Liu Tao , Cao Xiangyu , Yang Huanhuan , Jidi Liaori , Gao Jun
Published: April 2022

Based on an integrated design of metasurface units and antenna elements, a 2‐bit metasurface array antenna with broadband low radar cross‐section (RCS) covering large incident angle space is proposed in this study. The slot width's influences on the reflective phase and element radiation performance are analysed. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm is utilised to obtain the coding pattern of the array antenna with diffuse scattering characteristics. A wideband RCS reduction is achieved from 4.2 to 9.0 GHz under x‐polarised incidence, and it has oblique incident angle stability ranging from 0° to 60° due to non‐uniform element arrangement. The current cancelation phenomenon is found to reveal the RCS reduction mechanism. Besides, the proposed antenna gain is 15.9 dBi with a peak aperture efficiency of up to 90.8%. Experimental results have a close coincidence with the simulations, which verifies the capability of the proposed design.
Versorgungsrealität von Patienten mit sekundär-progredienter Multipler Sklerose in Deutschland
Authors: Heibel Markus , Groth Marie , Beier Santiago , Knapek Stephan , Hemstedt Thekla
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund Der Übergang von der schubförmig-remittierenden Multiplen Sklerose (RRMS) zur sekundär-progredienten MS (SPMS) verläuft sehr heterogen und ist nicht einfach festzustellen. Bisher fehlen für die SPMS einheitliche diagnostische Abgrenzungskriterien und Handlungsempfehlungen. Im Vorfeld der Zulassung von Siponimod wurde die hier vorliegende Studie zur Versorgungssituation von SPMS-Patienten in Deutschland durchgeführt, um die Ist-Situation der entsprechenden Diagnosekriterien im Praxisalltag zu erfassen.

Methodik Zwischen März 2019 und Februar 2020 wurden Neurologen (n = 72) und MS-Schwestern (n = 25) mittels eines Online-Fragebogens zum Umfang der MS-Patientenversorgung und in qualitativen Interviews zu Kriterien der SPMS-Diagnose und Therapie in der Praxisroutine befragt.

Ergebnisse Die meistgenannten Faktoren für eine SPMS-Diagnose waren eine RRMS-Vorerkrankung, eine schubunabhängige Progression, der EDSS-Score und der progrediente Anstieg des Behinderungsgrades innerhalb von 6 Monaten. Häufigster Grund, trotz Verdacht die SPMS-Diagnose nicht zu stellen, waren die im Umfragezeitraum fehlenden Therapieoptionen. Die Zeit zwischen Verdacht und definitiver SPMS-Diagnose betrug in der Vergangenheit 16,1±9,6 Monate (Praxis) bzw. 14,5±9,6 Monate (Klinik). Der SPMS-Verdacht wurde am häufigsten durch verringerte Gehstrecke (58 %), schubunabhängige Behinderungsprogression (35 %) und kognitive Defizite (29 %) ausgelöst. EDSS und Gehstrecke waren die Tests, die von 86,1 % und 83,3 % der Ärzte häufig oder sehr häufig bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf SPMS erfasst wurden. Etwa jeder zweite Arzt hat bereits in der Vergangenheit regelmäßige Tests zu Fatigue und Kognition durchgeführt (58,4 %; 50 %). Etwa 80 % der Ärzte gab an, zusätzliche Tests zu empfehlen, diese jedoch aus Zeitgründen nicht durchführen zu können.

Diskussion Zur Vermeidung einer diagnostischen Verzögerung sollten in der neurologischen Praxis früh Symptome und Befunde erhoben werden, die über den Teilaspekt der motorischen Fähigkeiten hinausgehen und den Verdacht auf eine SPMS-Konversion begründen bzw. erhärten können.
Psychotherapie suizidaler Patienten
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Brieger Peter , Menzel Susanne
Published: April 2022

Der Psychotherapie suizidaler Patienten kommt unter den individuumszentrierten Ansätzen zur Suizidprävention besondere Bedeutung bei. Als effektiv erwiesen haben sich vor allem die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) und die dialektisch-behaviorale Therapie (DBT). Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in diesem CME-Beitrag zentrale Interventionen zur Risikoabschätzung und Krisenintervention, zur Aufarbeitung suizidfördernder Faktoren und zur Rückfallprävention praxisnah dargestellt.
Besonders qualifizierte und koordinierte palliativmedizinische Versorgung – eine Analyse von Stellungnahmen
Authors: Ülgüt Rojda , van Baal Katharina , Köpping Lorinna , Schneider Nils , Stiel Stephanie
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund Mit der ‚besonders qualifizierten und koordinierten palliativmedizinischen Versorgung‘ (BQKPMV) führte der Gesetzgeber eine Versorgungsform zwischen allgemeiner und spezialisierter ambulanter Palliativversorgung ein.

Ziel der Studie Analyse der Wahrnehmung und Einschätzung der BQKPMV von Akteur*innen anhand aktueller Stellungnahmen.

Methodik Diese Studie ist Teil des Projekts Polite (G-BA 01VSF20028). Im März/April 2021 wurden online publizierte, frei verfügbare Stellungnahmen zur BQKPMV recherchiert und analysiert (N = 8).

Ergebnisse Formale Barrieren können einer Implementierung im hausärztlichen Praxisalltag entgegenstehen. So wird z. B. bezweifelt, ob die BQKPMV organisatorisch und zeitlich im Praxisalltag von Hausärzt*innen zu bewältigen ist. Zudem besteht eine besondere Hürde für Patient*innen, deren Angehörige sowie andere Versorgende in der Unterscheidung von Leistungserbringenden und Leistungsinhalten.

Schlussfolgerungen BQKPMV wird grundsätzlich begrüßt, die Anforderungen aber kritisch gesehen.
Robotische Pankreaschirurgie – Lernkurve und Etablierung
Authors: Glatz Torben , Brinkmann Sebastian , Thaher Omar , Driouch Jamal , Bausch Dirk
Published: April 2022

Minimalinvasive Resektionstechniken zur Behandlung verschiedener Pathologien des Pankreas sind potenziell vorteilhaft für die behandelten Patienten in Bezug auf Rekonvaleszenzzeit und
postoperative Morbidität, stellen jedoch eine besondere technische Herausforderung für den behandelnden Chirurgen dar. Der Einzug der robotischen Technik in die Viszeralchirurgie bietet eine
prinzipielle Möglichkeit zur weitreichenden Verbreitung minimalinvasiver Verfahren in der Pankreaschirurgie.

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten der robotischen Pankreaschirurgie in Deutschland zu überprüfen. Datengrundlage sind die Qualitätsberichte der Krankenhäuser der
Jahre 2015–2019 kombiniert mit einer selektiven Literaturrecherche.

Die Anzahl der vorliegenden Qualitätsberichte reduzierte sich von 2015 bis 2019 von 1635 auf 1594. Im Median führten 96 Kliniken 11–20, 56 Kliniken 21–50 und 15 Kliniken mehr als 50
Pankreaskopfresektionen jährlich durch. Bei den Linksresektionen waren es 35 Kliniken mit 11–20, 14 Kliniken mit 21–50 und 2 Kliniken mit mehr als 50 Eingriffen. Unter Berücksichtigung aller
Kliniken, die 5 oder mehr Linksresektionen pro Jahr durchführen, wurden an nur 29 Kliniken minimalinvasive Verfahren eingesetzt. Der Anteil an laparoskopischen Linksresektionen über 50%
wurde an nur 7 Kliniken beschrieben.

Nach Datenlage in der Literatur divergieren die Lernkurven für die robotische Pankreaslinks- und Pankreaskopfresektion. Während die Lernkurve für die robotische Pankreaslinksresektion nach
etwa 20 Eingriffen durchlaufen ist, hat die Lernkurve für die robotische Pankreaskopfresektion mehrere Plateaus, die etwa nach 30, 100 und 250 Eingriffen erreicht werden.

Aufgrund der dezentralen Struktur der Pankreaschirurgie in Deutschland scheint ein flächendeckendes Angebot robotischer Verfahren aktuell in weiter Ferne. Insbesondere die Etablierung der
robotischen Pankreaskopfresektion wird zunächst Zentren mit entsprechend hoher Fallzahl vorbehalten bleiben.
Suizidales Erleben und Verhalten im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Lewitzka Ute , Brieger Peter
Published: April 2022

Im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie kam es zu einer Zunahme an psychosozialer Belastung sowie suizidalem Erleben und Verhalten. Eine belegbare Zunahme an Suiziden ist in Deutschland und den meisten Industriestaaten 2020 gleichwohl ausgeblieben, es gibt aber Hinweise, dass es in bestimmten Regionen und Subgruppen davon abweichende Entwicklungen gab. Im Rahmen des Artikels erfolgt eine zusammenfassende Darstellung bisheriger Studien und Metaanalysen zu Suiziden, Suizidgedanken und Suizidversuchen im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass das Pandemiegeschehen eine erhebliche Dynamik aufweist ist die Generalisierbarkeit sämtlicher Befunde für den weiteren Pandemieverlauf stark eingeschränkt. Hervorzuheben ist die besondere, pandemiebedingte Belastung von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen. Abzuwarten ist die weitere Entwicklung bei fortbestehenden Belastungen.
Chronische Suizidalität – eine besondere Form der Suizidalität?
Authors: Hennings Johannes M.
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund Chronisch suizidale Patienten fordern unser Versorgungssystem immer wieder heraus, wobei Betroffene selbst einen hohen Leidensdruck beklagen und oft keine spezifische Behandlung erhalten. Der Begriff „chronische Suizidalität“ ist aber unscharf definiert und es ist unklar, welche Implikationen sich z. B. bei der Beurteilung der Suizidalität oder der Behandlung ableiten lassen.

Methode Chronische Suizidalität wird anhand der vorhandenen Literatur aus verschiedenen Perspektiven beleuchtet: Psychologische Mechanismen und Hintergründe, Neurobiologie, Therapie sowie die klinische Einschätzung des Suizidrisikos.

Ergebnisse Es gibt keine belastbaren Hinweise, dass psychologische Funktionen bei akuter und chronischer Suizidalität prinzipiell verschieden sind. Der Begriff „chronisch“ zeigt aber möglicherweise zusätzlich auf, dass bei einem Betroffenen psychobiologische Verstärkermechanismen zur Aufrechterhaltung, bzw. Wiederkehren der Symptomatik beitragen. Die dialektisch-behaviorale Therapie sowie die Akzeptanz-Commitment-Therapie haben sich bei der Behandlung chronisch suizidaler Symptomatik wirksam gezeigt, sind aber noch zu wenig diagnoseübergreifend im Einsatz, bzw. wissenschaftlich überprüft. Für die Einschätzung des Schweregrades der Suizidalität soll der Begriff „chronisch“ nicht verwendet werden.

Diskussion Die vorliegende Übersicht versucht, die unterschiedlichen Aspekte zur chronischen Suizidalität zu beleuchten, erhebt aber nicht den Anspruch umfassend zu sein und ist aufgrund einer begrenzten Zahl spezifischer Studien unvollständig. Auch vor dem Hintergrund der hohen individuellen Krankheitslast und der Grenzen im aktuellen Versorgungsangebot besteht deutlicher Forschungsbedarf, um spezifische antisuizidale Interventionen Patienten mit chronischer Suizidalität zugänglich zu machen.
Bessere Therapie des Pankreaskarzinoms durch radikalere Chirurgie?
Authors: Brunner Maximilian , Krautz Christian , Weber Georg F , Grützmann Robert
Published: April 2022

Trotz Fortschritten in der Therapie des Pankreaskarzinoms bleibt das Überleben betroffener Patienten limitiert. Radikalere chirurgische Therapiekonzepte könnten helfen, die Prognose zu
verbessern. Diese zielen insbesondere auf eine Senkung der Lokalrezidivrate ab, die bei Patienten mit reseziertem Pankreaskarzinom im weiteren Verlauf immerhin bei etwa 45% liegt. Zudem
könnten auch Patienten mit oligometastasiertem Pankreaskarzinom von einer großzügigeren Indikationsstellung zur Resektion profitieren.

Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden wichtige Operations- und Indikationsprinzipien der Pankreaskarzinomchirurgie anhand einer Literaturanalyse und im Kontext eigener Erfahrungen auf den Prüfstand
gestellt.

Auch wenn teilweise noch radikalere chirurgische Ansätze wie eine „erweiterte“ Lymphadenektomie oder eine standardmäßige komplette Pankreatektomie keinen Überlebensvorteil bringen, sollten
im Rahmen von Pankreaskarzinomresektionen eine komplette Resektion des Tumors (R0), eine gründliche lokoregionäre Lymphadenektomie sowie eine adäquate radikale Dissektion im Bereich der
peripankreatischen Gefäße unter Mitnahme der periarteriellen Nervenplexi der Standard sein. Wann immer zum Erreichen einer R0-Resektion erforderlich, sind Nachresektionen am Pankreas,
zusätzliche venöse Gefäßresektionen und auch die Mitnahme von Nachbarorganen im Sinne einer multiviszeralen Resektion onkologisch sinnvoll. Simultane arterielle Gefäßresektionen im Rahmen
von Pankreasresektionen wie auch chirurgische Resektionen bei oligometastasierten Patienten sollten hingegen selektionierten Patienten vorbehalten bleiben. Diese genannten Aspekte der
chirurgischen Technik beim Pankreaskarzinom dürfen nicht unter dem Gesichtspunkt einer „sowieso bestehenden limitierten Prognose“ vernachlässigt werden. Im Gegenteil, sie bilden die absolut
notwendige Grundlage, um beim Pankreaskarzinom in Kombination mit einer Systemtherapie gute Überlebensergebnisse zu erzielen. Es kann jedoch immer notwendig sein, diese Standards der
Radikalität des chirurgischen Vorgehens unter Beachtung von Alter, Komorbiditäten und Wunsch der Patienten individuell anzupassen.
At last, I’m free
Authors: Henking Tanja , Menzel Susanne , Brieger Peter
Published: April 2022

Nachdem im Jahr 2015 das Gesetz zur Strafbarkeit der Geschäftsmäßigen Förderung der Selbsttötung vom Bundestag verabschiedet und im Jahr 2020 vom Bundesverfassungsgericht als verfassungswidrig und nichtig erklärt wurde, ist die Debatte zur Neuregelung der Beihilfe zum Suizid in Deutschland weiterhin offen. Der Artikel präsentiert aus der interdisziplinären Position einer Juristin, einer Psychotherapeutin und eines Psychiaters, und mit Fokus auf die Situation von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen und in Krisen, Überlegungen zu den Hintergründen dieser Debatte. Wir plädieren statt eines „Regelungseifers“ für einen breiten, kontroversen, dabei achtungs- und respektvollen Diskurs über die vielen komplexen existenziellen Fragen zu dieser Thematik, die sowohl fachliche wie auch persönliche Aspekte berühren.
Tube-in-tube endoscopic vacuum therapy for the closure of upper gastrointestinal fistulas, leaks, and perforations
Authors: Simas de Lima Marcelo , Uemura Ricardo Sato , Gusmon-Oliveira Carla Cristina , Pombo Amanda Aquino de Miranda , Martins Bruno Costa , Lenz Luciano , Kawaguti Fabio Shiguehissa , De Paulo Gustavo Andrade , Baba Elisa Ryoka , Safatle-Ribeiro Adriana V. , Ribeiro Ulysses , Monkemüller Klaus , Maluf-Filho Fauze
Published: April 2022

Background Although endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has been successfully used to treat postoperative upper gastrointestinal (UGI) wall defects, its use demands special materials and several endoscopic treatment sessions. Herein, we propose a technical modification of EVT using a double tube (tube-in-tube drain) without polyurethane sponges for the drainage element. The tube-in-tube drainage device enables irrigation and application of suction. A flowchart for standardizing the management of postoperative UGI wall defects with this device is presented.

Methods An EVT modification was made to achieve frequent fistula cleansing, with 3 % hydrogen peroxide rinsing, and the application of negative pressure. A tube-in-tube drain without polyurethane sponges can be inserted like a nasogastric tube or passed through a previously positioned surgical drain. This was a retrospective two-center observational study, with data collected from 30 consecutive patients. Technical success, clinical success, adverse events, time under therapy, interval time from procedure to fistula diagnosis and treatment start, size of transmural defect, volume of cavity, number of endoscopic treatment sessions, and mortality were reviewed.

Results 30 patients with UGI wall defects were treated. The technical and clinical success rates were 100 % and 86.7 %, respectively. Three patients (10 %) had adverse events and three patients (10 %) died. The median time under therapy was of 19 days (range 1–70) and the median number of endoscopic sessions was 3 (range 1–9).

Conclusions This standardized approach and EVT modification using a tube-in-tube drain, with frequent fistula cleansing, were successful and safe in a wide variety of UGI wall defects.
Gezielte Entfernung axillärer Lymphknoten nach Kohlenstoffmarkierung bei Patientinnen mit primär systemisch behandeltem Mammakarzinom
Authors: Hartmann Steffi , Stachs Angrit , Kühn Thorsten , de Boniface Jana , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Reimer Toralf
Published: April 2022

Die Markierung und gezielte Entfernung initial suspekter axillärer Lymphknoten bei Mammakarzinompatientinnen, die eine primäre Systemtherapie erhalten und anschließend klinisch und/oder bildgebend keine suspekten Lymphknoten mehr aufweisen, wird aktuell sowohl in Deutschland als auch international als Alternative zur kompletten axillären Lymphknotendissektion diskutiert und praktiziert. Hierzu wird derzeit die Tätowierung der suspekten Lymphknoten mit hochgereinigter Kohlenstoffsuspension im Rahmen klinischer Studien untersucht. Im Vergleich zu anderen Techniken sind Vorteile dieser Methode die hohe Detektionsrate des Lymphknotens intraoperativ, der Verzicht auf Lokalisationsverfahren unmittelbar präoperativ und die geringen Kosten. Im Folgenden sollen die praktische Durchführung der Lymphknotentätowierung und die aktuelle Datenlage zu dieser Methode erörtert werden.
Analysis of Hemodynamic Changes After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament
Reconstruction
Authors: Inoue Hiroaki , Arai Yuji , Nakagawa Shuji , Fujii Yuta , Kaihara Kenta , Takahashi Kenji
Published: April 2022

The resumption of blood flow is an important factor in the remodeling process of
the graft. The purpose of this study is to evaluate hemodynamic changes after
medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using magnetic resonance
angiography (MRA) as the evaluation of graft remodeling. Eleven knees that
underwent anatomical MPFL reconstruction with the semitendinosus tendon were
studied. We evaluated the blood flow around the bone tunnel wall in the arterial
phase using MRA approximate 3 months and 1 year after surgery. Clinical and
radiological evaluations were also analyzed. MRA showed an inflow vessel into
the bone tunnel wall from the medial superior genicular artery on the femoral
side, and from the articular branch of the descending genicular artery and the
medial superior genicular artery on the patellar side. This contrast effect was
decreased at 12 months after surgery in all cases. The clinical scores improved
from baseline one year postoperatively. We revealed the blood flow to the bone
tunnel wall after anatomical MPFL reconstruction is detected by MRA. The blood
flow started within 2 or 3 months postoperatively and was sustained for 12
months. This study supported remodeling of the graft continues 3 months after
surgery when the conformity of the patellofemoral joint stabilizes.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Nicot­lactone Analogues as Anti-TMV Agents
Authors: Zhou Huan , Xu Gong , He Hong-Wei , Chi Yuan , Chen Cai-Yun , Wang Fei-Yu , Wang Jia-Xin , Xu Dan
Published: April 2022

The synthesis of the originally proposed structure of (±)-nicotlactone A, a potent antiviral lignan with three continuous chiral centers, is reported in 5 steps from methyl acrylate. The key steps of the synthesis included an In-catalyzed regioselective allylation and a Mn-catalyzed Mukaiyama hydration reaction. Our synthetic strategy also enabled us to get the other three epimers and investigate the structure–activity relationship. The NMR data of the synthesized compounds do not match that of the isolated sample, indicating that the structure of nicotlactone A remains to be reassigned. All the synthetic target compounds were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity. Bioassay results indicated that (±)-8-demethylnicotlactone A displayed similar anti-TMV activity to the commercial agent ningnanmycin, thus being a promising candidate or lead compound for developing novel antiviral agents in crop protection.
Regiocontrol by Halogen Substituent on Arynes: Generation of 3-Haloarynes and Their Synthetic Reactions
Authors: Miyabe Hideto
Published: April 2022

The use of arynes as highly reactive intermediates has attracted substantial attention in organic synthesis. To enhance the utility of arynes, the regiocontrol in the reactions of unsymmetrically substituted arynes is an important task. The introduction of halogen substituent at 3-position of arynes leads to sufficient regiocontrol for various synthetic reactions. This short review highlights the utility of 3-halo­arynes in organic synthesis and discusses the distortion models used to explain regioselectivity, representative reactions of 3-haloarynes generated from polyhaloarenes, and the preparation and reactions of easily activatable aryne precursors.

1 Introduction

2 Distortion Models

3 Reaction of Precursors Activated by an Organometallic Reagent or Base

4 Preparation of Easily Activatable Precursors

5 Reactions of Easily Activatable Precursors

6 Concluding Remarks
Delivery Mode and Neurological Complications in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Costa Sara Todo Bom , Costa Paula , Graça André Mendes , Abrantes Margarida ,   Portuguese National Registry of very low birth weight infants
Published: April 2022

Objective The risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia is associated with low birth weight and gestational age. Caesarean section (CS) may reduce the risk of IVH, although it has been a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the mode of delivery (MOD) on the development of IVH and cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL).

Study Design We analyzed an initial cohort of 11,023 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born between January 2010 and December 2019. Infants with major malformations and gestational age <23 weeks and ≥32 weeks were excluded. A final cohort of 8,251 newborns was analyzed. Data was collected from Portuguese National very low birth weight registry. Cases were classified as vaginal delivery (VD) or CS. Outcome was assessed in univariate and logistic regression analyses.

Results The median gestational age was 29 weeks (IQR 3.3) and the median weight was 1,100 g (IQR 555). The prevalence of IVH was significantly higher in the VD group versus the CS group, across all grading levels:1,144 newborns had grade I IVH (16% VD vs. 14% CS, p <0.01), 706 had grade II IVH (12% VD vs. 7.6% CS, p <0.01), and 777 had grade III IVH (14% VD vs. 7.9% CS, p <0.01). Post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation occurred in 457 newborns (8.3% VD vs. 4.6% CS, p <0.01) and 456 newborns had periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (8.4% VD vs. 4.5% CS, p <0.01). There was no association between MOD and cPVL. After applying a logistic regression analysis, including known risk factors for IVH and cPVL, VD was independently associated with an increased risk of IVH (odds ratio [OR] 1.600[1.423–1.799], p <0.001) and its complications (OR 1.440[1.195–1.735], p <0.001). MOD was not associated with an increased risk of cPVL.

Conclusion Our study suggests that CS is associated with a reduced risk of IVH and its complications in preterm VLBW infants < 32 weeks of gestational age. A CS should be considered in this group of infants to prevent the development of IVH and its complications.

Key Points
The Negative Association Between NAFLD Severity and CKD in a
Non-Diabetic Gouty Population
Authors: Huang Yajing , Zhou Yue , Wang Yahao , Chi Jingwei , Lv Wenshan , Wang Yangang , Chen Ying
Published: April 2022

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease
(CKD) share common pathogenic mechanisms and risk factors. We aim to evaluate
the association between NAFLD and CKD in a non-diabetic gouty population. The
retrospective cross sectional study was performed on 1049 non-diabetic gouty
participants, who were hospitalized between 2014 and 2020, across 4 districts in
Shandong, China. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study
population were collected. The odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95%
confidence intervals (CI) about the NAFLD severity determined by ultrasonography
were obtained by multiple logistic regression analysis. An unexpectedly inverse
relationship was found between NAFLD severity and the risk of CKD in people with
gout. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a higher
degree of NAFLD severity is independently associated with a lower risk of CKD in
people with gout, after adjusted for age, sex, smoking, gout duration, and
metabolic risk factors including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia,
hyperuricemia, and dyslipidemia, with OR 0.392 (95% CI
0.248–0.619, p<0.001), 0.379 (95% CI
0.233–0.616, p<0.001) and 0.148 (95% CI
0.043–0.512, p=0.003) in participants with mild, moderate, and
severe NAFLD, respectively, compared to those without NAFLD. We also observed a
weakened association of serum uric acid (SUA) with metabolic risk factors and
NAFLD under circumstances of CKD in people with gout (r=–0.054,
p=0.466). In conclusion, the presence and severity of NAFLD were
negatively associated with the risk of CKD in the non-diabetic gouty
population.
Catalyst Engineering through Heterobidentate (N–X-Type) Ligand Design for Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation
Authors: Chattopadhyay Buddhadeb , Hoque Md Emdadul , Hassan Mirja Md Mahamudul , Haldar Chabush , Dey Sayan , Guria Saikat , Chaturvedi Jagriti
Published: April 2022

Iridium-catalyzed C–H activation and borylation reactions operate under mild conditions that enable easy and atom-economical installation of the versatile boronate ester group in (het)arenes and alkanes. The standard catalytic system for iridium-catalyzed borylation uses [Ir(cod)(OMe)]2 as a precatalyst, a bipyridine type ligand, and B2pin2 or HBpin as the borylating agent. Initially, a bipyridine-ligated trisboryl–iridium complex is generated that enables the borylation reaction and the regioselectivity is mainly governed by the sterics of substituents present on the ring. As a result, monosubstituted and 1,2-disubstituted arenes give mixtures of isomers. Significant efforts by several research groups have overcome the selectivity issue for directed proximal C–H borylation by introducing a directing group and newly developed ligands. This short review aims to summarize recent elegant discoveries in directed C(sp2)–H and C(sp3)–H borylation by using heterobidentate ligand (P/N–Si, N–B, and N–C) coordinated iridium catalysts.

1 Introduction

2 Iridium-Catalyzed Directed C–H Borylation of C(sp2)–H Bonds

3 Iridium-Catalyzed Directed C–H Borylation of C(sp3)–H Bonds

4 Conclusions
Virtual Returns: Colonial postcards online and digital ‘nostalgérie’ among the former European settlers of Algeria
Authors: Ivey Beatrice
Published: April 2022

This article analyses how certain former European settlers of Algeria (pieds-noirs) have created a digital space of remembrance online using scans of colonial-era postcards. Tracing the role of colonial-era postcards inpied-noirmemory narratives, from the phototexts of the 1980s to websites from the mid-2000s onwards, I suggest these digital sites of memory attempt to maintain a connection to an imagined Algerian homeland during the so-called ‘memory wars’. By collecting, scanning, and reproducing postcards and photographs of colonial landscapes,pieds-noirswebsites aim to reconstruct a lost topography of houses, shops, streets, and towns that have been renamed and rebuilt since independence. These ‘virtual returns’ to Algerian urban topographies rely predominantly on affective responses to ‘nostalgérie’ or nostalgia for Algeria. However, in relying on colonial-era postcards they ultimately recreate the ‘visual economy’ (Welch and McGonagle) of French Algeria in the early 20th century. I argue that, despite the radical ‘connectivity’ presented by the internet, these websites remain primarily focused on creating a homogenous collective memory for an imagined audience ofpieds-noirsonline. Nonetheless, I conclude by suggesting that this online model of colonial nostalgiahaspermeated, in limited but influential ways, how other groups interpret visual ‘nostalgérie’.
Developing compact and high performance electron sources with silicon carbide
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: April 2022

Sources with a sub-micron beam and 10 to 20 electrons per shot explore new application space
A high-genus asymptotic expansion of Weil–Petersson volume polynomials
Authors: Anantharaman Nalini , Monk Laura
Published: April 2022

The object under consideration in this article is the total volume Vg,n(x1, …, xn) of the moduli space of hyperbolic surfaces of genus g with n boundary components of lengths x1, …, xn, for the Weil–Petersson volume form. We prove the existence of an asymptotic expansion of the quantity Vg,n(x1, …, xn) in terms of negative powers of the genus g, true for fixed n and any x1, …, xn ≥ 0. The first term of this expansion appears in the work of Mirzakhani and Petri [Comment. Math. Helvetici 94, 869–889 (2019)], and we compute the second term explicitly. The main tool used in the proof is Mirzakhani’s topological recursion formula, for which we provide a comprehensive introduction.
Finding order in disorder: Magnetic coupling distributions and competing anisotropies in an amorphous metal alloy
Authors: Thórarinsdóttir K. A. , Strandqvist N. , Sigurjónsdóttir V. V. , Thorsteinsson E. B. , Hjörvarsson B. , Magnus F.
Published: April 2022

Amorphous metals have unusual magnetic properties that arise due to the disordered atomic arrangement. We show that Cox(Al70Zr30)100−x (65 < x < 92 at. %) amorphous alloys have a distribution in the local magnetic coupling and ordering temperature, which can be explained by nanoscale composition variations. We use competing anisotropies induced by the substrate and an applied field during growth to probe the Co concentration distribution. Only regions with high enough Co concentration develop a magnetic anisotropy along the magnetic field during growth, whereas regions of low Co concentration have an anisotropy dictated by the substrate. A Gaussian distribution in the Co concentration of width 5.1 at. % is obtained from the variation in anisotropy. The results demonstrate the importance of composition variations for emergent magnetic properties and have far reaching implications for the properties of disordered materials in general.
The self-diffusivity of natural gas in the organic nanopores of source rocks
Authors: Alafnan Saad
Published: April 2022

Natural gas stored in source rocks has become a significant contributor to supply the energy demand. Source rocks are a special subclass of sedimentary rocks where the matrix serves as both the source and the reservoir at the same time. Attributed to their complex mineralogy and multi-scale pore systems, source rocks exhibit transport and storage processes that are not within the continuum framework. Significant portion of source rocks pores is of few nanometers in size. These nanopores offer large surface area to host hydrocarbons in the free and sorbed forms. Our ability to model the mechanisms by which hydrocarbons are stored and transported is, however, at infancy stages. In this paper, representative organic nanopores were formed from kerogen at different thermal maturation states. Free molecular diffusion was found to be the dominant mechanisms based on the calculated Knudsen number. Furthermore, diffusivity analysis was performed using molecular dynamics for some range of pressure that is typically encountered during the production span. The results revealed some deviation of the diffusivity coefficient from the value calculated theoretically. The deviation was even more pronounced for the post-mature case. The gap between the theoretically calculated and molecularly simulated diffusivity coefficients was found to reduce with increasing the pressure and the pore size. The sorption and diffusion data were coupled to redefine the mean free path for gas transport in organic nanopores. The reported values can serve as input for better description of the hydrocarbons transport in source rocks.
Transition metal dichalcogenide graded alloy monolayers by chemical vapor deposition and comparison to 2D Ising model
Authors: Jalouli Alireza , Kilinc Muhammed , Marga Austin , Bian Mengying , Thomay Tim , Petrou Athos , Zeng Hao
Published: April 2022

In this work, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was developed for the synthesis of transition metal dichalcogenide alloy monolayers, with a composition gradient in the radial direction. The composition gradient was achieved by controlling the substrate cooling rate during the CVD growth. The two types of alloys, namely, WS2(1−x)Se2x and MoS2(1−x)Se2x, were found to exhibit an opposite composition gradient. This is attributed to their different cohesive energies. A two-dimensional Ising model is used to explain the growth mechanism, where two ends of the composition were modeled as a magnetically ordered phase and a paramagnetic phase. The composition as a function of substrate temperature is then represented by the thermal magnetization curve.
Efficiency improvement by a beam filtering ring in a relativistic backward wave oscillator at low magnetic field
Authors: Miao Tian-ze , Xiao Ren-zhen , Shi Yan-chao , Chen Kun , Zhang Yu-chuan , Sun Jun , Wang Dong-yang , Shi Jia-ru
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a design method of the relativistic backward wave oscillator at low magnetic field, which can improve the efficiency by 29% in the particle in cell simulation. The core of this method is to introduce a beam filtering ring. The beam filtering ring takes the characteristic of the radial position change as the electron oscillates. The structure manipulates the axial current, so that a large proportion of the electrons expected to be in the accelerated phase in the slow-wave structure is absorbed by the structure. It greatly enhances the bunching of the beam in the RF field and improves the beam-wave conversion efficiency significantly. The particle in cell simulation results reveal that at a permanent magnet with a magnetic induction intensity of 0.68 T, the output microwave power of the relativistic backward wave oscillator with a beam filtering ring is 5.9 GW, and the conversion efficiency can be up to 54% when the diode voltage is 890 kV and the beam current is 12.2 kA.
Evolution of vacuum surface flashover for angled dielectric insulators with particle-in-cell simulation
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Wang Hongguang , Li Yongdong , Liu Chunliang , Luo Wei , Zhang Jiawei
Published: April 2022

With the introduction of the gas diffusion model, the surface flashover at the insulator–vacuum interface perpendicular to electrodes is simulated with the particle-in-cell method. The distributions of density of electrons, ions, and neutral gas molecules are obtained, which is consistent with images diagnosed in the experiment. The gas pressure at the dielectric surface near electrodes is much higher than it is at other locations. Furthermore, the processes of vacuum surface flashover for angled dielectric insulators are analyzed. The results show that negative charges will accumulate on the dielectric surface when the negative angle is large. The electric field produced by negative charges weakens the normal electric field and emission current on the cathode triple junction. Moreover, the process of secondary electron emission is completely suppressed when the negative angle is large. With the development of gas desorption, the breakdown will evolve from field emission into gas ionization. Therefore, when the angle is negative, the threshold of surface flashover first decreases then increases with the angle, which is in good agreement with laws obtained in experiments. This study can provide a deep understanding to the vacuum surface flashover.
Time response of spin-polarized rubidium thermal gas with radio-frequency pulse driving
Authors: Wang Yanhua , Kang Zhihua , Yang Li , Ma Qiang , Wang Yu , Dong Yabin , Wang Junmin
Published: April 2022

The time evolution of the polarization of a rubidium atom spin ensemble driven by a resonant radio-frequency (RF) magnetic field is analyzed based on the rate equation. A simple optical pumping experimental system is constructed and the time response of the rubidium atomic ensemble is demonstrated by recording the transmitted intensity of pumping light. In the steady-state response, the polarization difference between the optical pumping steady state and the magnetic resonance steady state depends on the optical pumping power and RF magnetic intensity. We can obtain the optimal power value corresponding to the maximum polarization difference. In terms of transient response, where the intensity of RF magnetic field is too weak to observe Rabi oscillations, two decay processes between magnetic resonance and optical pumping steady states are monitored. The decay time from magnetic resonance steady state to optical pumping steady state depends on the optical pumping rate and the spin relaxation rate. The decay time from optical pumping steady state to magnetic resonance steady state depends on the optical pumping rate, the RF driving rate, and the spin relaxation rate. The scale factor of pumping rate to pumping power is obtained, in addition to that of RF driving rate to the RF magnetic field. It can provide an intuitive understanding of the spin dynamic evolution of the polarized atomic ensemble.
The dynamic evolution of atmospheric-pressure pulsed air discharge over a water droplet
Authors: Zhao Zhiguo , Liu Dongping , Xia Yang , Li Guofeng , Niu Chunjie , Qi Zhihua , Wang Xi , Zhao Zilu
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a pin-to-plate reactor with a water droplet as a suspended electrode is employed to investigate the dynamic evolution of pulsed air discharge over the water droplet. The temporal and spatial evolution of the pulsed discharge is captured by an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera, and the spatial distribution of the electric field is obtained by solving the Maxwell equations. Our ICCD measurements show that the discharge is initiated in the gas gap between the anode and the droplet, and then it propagates over the droplet. Our simulation confirms that the strong electric field is formed when the water droplet is placed in the gas space. The propagation of air discharge over the water droplet anode-directed and its propagation velocity is on the order of 1.8 × 105 m s−1. With a decrease in the applied voltage, the long duration of air discharge is formed in the gas space, which could be related to the diffusion-controlled combination of charges remaining in the water droplet.
Self-excited instability regimes of a confined turbulent jet flame at elevated pressure
Authors: Buschhagen Timo , Gejji Rohan M. , Scalo Carlo , Slabaugh Carson D.
Published: April 2022

The dynamic response of a confined, premixed turbulent jet flame is investigated at high thermal power densities (∼25 MW/m2/bar) and turbulence levels (Rejet∼ 5 ×105). As equivalence ratio and inlet jet velocity are varied at these conditions, multiple instability modes coexist: a low-amplitude instability (p′/pC≲ 9%) with longitudinal-mode fluctuations (1L and 2L) and two high-amplitude (p′/pC≲ 20%), high-frequency, transverse instability modes. While the axial modes are ubiquitous across the operational envelope, the transverse mode selection is sensitive to the equivalence ratio and reactant jet velocity. A linear stability analysis (LSA) of the confined base flow is performed to explore the flame perturbation in response to the density and temperature gradients, and the shear-layer instabilities in the flow. The high-frequency combustion instabilities are associated with a combined azimuthal hydrodynamic mode of the reactant jet, (1) at the combustion chamber near field and, (2) downstream in the fully developed region of the combustor. An excellent agreement was observed between the convectively unstable modes identified by the temporal LSA and the self-excited combustion instabilities in the experiment.
Global existence and time decay of the relativistic BGK equation in the whole space
Authors: Liu Zhengrong
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we combine the method of constructing the compensating function and the energy method for the study on the relativistic Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) equation. Both the global existence of solutions and the time decay rates of the Cauchy problem for the relativistic BGK equation near the Jüttner distribution are obtained.
Numerical and experimental study on the behavior of vortex rings generated by shock–bubble interaction
Authors: Kitamura K. , Yue Z. , Fujimoto T. , Asai H. , Kubota A. , Myokan M. , Ichihara D. , Sasoh A.
Published: April 2022

In this study, three-dimensional numerical simulations and experiments of the interaction between a normal shock and bubbles generated by the repetitive energy depositions of a laser pulse in a Mach 1.92 flow was conducted. As a result of the shock–bubble interaction, a vortex ring, caused by a baroclinic effect, was generated. Owing to the self-induced velocity field, the advection velocity of the vortex rings decreased with increasing laser pulse energy. In the experiments, when interactions among the vortex rings became strong, separations in transverse directions between adjacent bubbles were induced. This was reproduced through numerical simulations by imposing an artificial disturbance in the initial positions of the bubbles, i.e., by 5% of the bubble diameter in a transversal direction. The asymmetric behaviors of a row of vortex rings were classified into three patterns based on the ratio of the distance between the vortex rings to the size of the vortex rings (λ: inverse Strouhal number). In pattern 1, with λ >2.9, there was negligible interference between the vortex rings because the interval of the vortex rings was sufficiently large. In pattern 2, with λ = 0.97–1.2, separation in the vortex-ring rows appeared, and the separation angle increased as λ decreased. In pattern 3, with λ <0.62, the interference intensified, and the vortex rings collapsed, forming a turbulent flow behind the shock wave.