bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new and two known species of the genus Paraoxydirus Jairajpuri and Ahmad, 1978 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Western Ghats of India
Authors: Kumar S. , Ahmad W.
Published: November 2021

Two new and two known species of the genus Paraoxydirus Jairajpuri and Ahmad, 1978 are described and illustrated from Western Ghats of India. P. vulvalpapillatus n. sp. is characterized by having large sized body (L = 4.6 – 4.8 mm); lip region continuous with completely amalgamated lips; amphidial fovea cup – shaped; 5 – 6 μm long odontostyle; 11 – 13 μm long odontophore; pharyngeal expansion about 28 – 36 % of neck length; transverse vulva; vulval papillae conspicuous; males with 46 – 54 μm long spicules; 11 – 14 continuous ventromedian supplements and long filiform tail similar in both sexes. P. indicus n. sp. is characterized by having large sized body (L = 4.0 – 4.8 mm); lip region poorly offset with amalgamated lips; amphidial fovea cup-shaped; 7 – 8 μm long, robust odontostyle; 17 – 18 μm long odontophore; pharyngeal expansion about 32 – 40 % of neck length; 21 – 26 μm long cardia; longitudinal vulva; 748 – 894 μm long filiform tail; males with 45 – 54 μm long spicules and 12 – 15 continuous ventromedian supplements. P. gigas Jairajpuri, 1964 and P. novus Jairajpuri, 1965 are redescribed based on specimens collected from several localities. A diagnostic Key and compendium to the identification of its eight valid species is provided.
Huffmanela sp. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) encountered in the whitecheek shark (Carcharhinus dussumieri) in the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Attia M. M. , Ibrahim M. M. , Mahmoud M. A. , Al-Sabi M. N. S.
Published: November 2021

Veterinary inspection of fish caught at the western side of the Arabian Gulf off the shore of Saudi Arabia in 2017 revealed abnormal irregular zigzag black lines in the skins of 135 out of 1500 (prevalence = 9 %) whitecheek sharks (Carcharhinus dussumieri). These lesions have been noticed in the dorsal and ventral part of the head near the snout and around the eyes, as well as in the skin of the pectoral fins. The parasitological, pathological and ultramorphological aspects of the sampled fish were studied using a light microscope, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Trichosomoidid-type eggs identified as Huffmanela sp. were found in the superficial layer of the skin. The mature eggs containing larvae (n = 75) were ellipsoidal or spindle-shaped, smooth-shelled, amber-brown to dark brown or even black in colour. The width of the eggs ranged from 34 to 49μm with lengths ranging from 95 to 107μm. The polar plugs of the immature eggs were slightly protruding, whereas mature eggs had clearly protruding polar plugs. The width of the polar plugs ranged from 4.5 – 9.5μm. The shells of the eggs were smooth and there was a thin layer seen near the polar areas. The infected skin exhibited desquamated epithelium, with inflammatory cell aggregations and melanophores in the debris. The underlying musculatures of the skin were free from any eggs, but showed mild pathological changes, including congestion of blood vessels, haemorrhages and oedema. The prevalence of infection showed seasonality, peaking significantly in the spring (18.18 %), with comparable prevalence rates in winter and summer (9.43 % and 8.57 %, respectively). However, infections dropped significantly during the autumn months (3.75 %). It is believed that this is the first study reporting the presence of Huffmanela sp. in whitecheek sharks at El-Jubail Province, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf.
A survey of control strategies for equine small strongyles in Lithuania
Authors: Dauparaitė E. , Kupčinskas T. , Hoglund J. , Petkevičius S.
Published: November 2021

Anthelmintic resistance (AR) in equine cyathostomins is being reported all over the world. In Lithuania, however, the last study on this subject was published more than fifteen years ago, thus little is known about the current situation. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that may associated with the development of AR on equine studs in Lithuania. A questionnaire containing seven open-ended and nine closed multiple-choice questions about worm control strategies, use of anthelmintic substances and stable management practices was posted to 71 randomly selected horse establishments in Lithuania. Replies were obtained from a total of 59 stables, representing 83 % of officially established stud farms in Lithuania.

The results showed that more than 80 % of these establishments performed pasture management practices such as excrement removal from stables and pasture, 56 % mowed their pasture, 31 % practised mixed or rotational grazing with other species, and 97 % of the horses were routinely dewormed. Macrocyclic lactones (ML) (58 %, n=33) were the most commonly used drugs, followed by benzimidazoles (BZ) (24 %, n=14) and tetrahydropyrimidines (THP) (19 %, n=10). The majority of farms (60 %) treated horses four times per year and 68 % estimated the weight of the horses by eye before treatment. About 36 % of respondents had heard of faecal egg counts (FEC), but only 17 % used the test and as few as 9 % had tested their herds for AR with faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT).

The results demonstrate that there is scope for improving routines for worm control in many horse establishments in Lithuania. In order to increase knowledge and reduce the risk of the spread of AR, diagnostic methods should be adopted in a collaboration between stud farms and veterinary practitioners.
Morphological and molecular identification of nematodes in the tayra Eira barbara from Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Panti-May J. A. , Hernández-Mena D. I. , Ruiz-Piña H. A. , Torres-Castro M. A. , Hernández-Betancourt S. F. , Vidal-Martínez V. M.
Published: November 2021

The tayra Eira barbara is a Neotropical mustelid considered as an endangered species by Mexican environmental authorities. Despite the considerable information available on the biology and ecology of E. barbara, little is known about its helminth fauna. Here, we provided new records of nematodes from a road-killed tayra in Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico. The species identification of nematodes was based on morphological studies and molecular analysis of fragments of the 28S gene. The tayra specimen was infected by three nematodes: Molineus sp., Physalopterinae gen. sp. and Angiostrongylus vasosum. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the natural infection of E. barbara with Molineus sp. and Physalopterinae gen. sp. Our study provides the first nucleotide sequences of nematodes parasitizing E. barbara providing a starting point against which future studies may be compared.
Au croisement de la poésie et de la philosophie : Francis Ponge et Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Alain Millon  , I-Ning  Yang
Published: November 2021

At the crossroads of poetry and philosophy:

Francis Ponge and Maurice Merleau-Ponty 

  

The aim of the present article is to clarify the place of the sensitive dictionary in the work of Francis Ponge and to show how it denotes human's relationship to nature. To achieve that, we will use the body question as a measure of the human–nature relationship and apply the phenomenological method that Ponge took over from Merleau-Ponty. It should be noted that Merleau-Ponty rarely makes reference to Ponge's poems, except for a few incisions in his Causeries. As for Ponge, he uses explicitly only the notion of phenomenological reduction to explain his project of sensitive dictionary. However, we will argue that there are many similarities of thought between the philosopher and the poet, which are still unexplored.
La réception des notions philosophiques de trace, d’arkhé et de document dans l’œuvre d’Alain Nadaud
Authors: Chiadini Gianluca
Published: November 2021

The reception of the notions of trace, arkhé, and document in the work of Alain Nadaud
This paper intends to point out the philosophical features in the novels of the French writer Alain Nadaud and their links with the philosophical theory concerning the concepts of trace, arkhé and document elaborated by Jacques Derrida in the second half of the XX century. This subject, related to the contemporary socio-historical concept of post-truth, reveals the originality and the up-to-date tendency in the novels of Alain Nadaud. This paper uncovers new important aspects of his work by proposing a solid philosophical interpretation of its main theoretical principles. In particular, it uncovers the philosophical reasons at the origin of his writing, which is based on the historical research method. Furthermore, it reveals the sense of dystopia of his novels and relates it with the most recent socio-philosophical analysis of contemporary western society.
Roland Barthes : pour une écologie de l'écriture
Authors: Matei Alexandru
Published: November 2021

Even if the theoretical prestige of the notion of ecology is recent, an ecological writing has already been racticed, without receiving this name, by Roland Barthes. On several occasions, progressively after Writing Degree zero (1953), Roland Barthes envisaged writing as a multifaceted practice, the most suitable for overturning the only order worth to be revolutionized, the symbolic order. We will take a fresh look at Barthes' writing as a theoretical concept in the early 1950s, along a shift that takes the term first to the name of a technique. Finally, in the mid-1970s, writing comes to be defined by Barthes as a practice that ignores the dichotomy between matter or body and mind or idea, and which arrives, in a spiral return movement, at an inclusive conception that recovers both the concept and the practice. This is where writing meets, in Barthes' work, the act that Latour calls "greening" and which he defines above all as a new relationship between facts and values.  In the light of the latest research in "Barthesian studies" we would like to show that the future of "theory", if it is ecology today, lies in the practice and ecological commitment of writing, as a mediator of meaning, a tool of "charitable fiction", at the confines of spirit and matter.
A Speculative Poetics of Tammuz: Myth, Sentiment, and Modernism in Twentieth Century Arabic Poetry
Authors: Al-Rayes Hamad
Published: November 2021

In this paper, I attempt to read the poetic principle behind the Tammuzi movement of modern Arabic poetry through the lens of speculative poetics. While speculative-poetic accounts of modern poetry, such as those provided by Allen Grossman, blazed new paths connecting poetry to personhood in modernity, their application to the development of modern poetry outside of Europe remains limited by their self-avowed focus on European history. This paper will outline a critical corrective to speculative poetics which, I argue, can be of value in extending its domain of application to Arabic projects of poetic modernity, particularly the two tendencies of "free verse" and "commitment" poetry that emerged out of the Tammuzi movement.
God, Evil, Freedom. Reception and Interpretation of Dostoevsky in Luigi Pareyson and his Heirs
Authors: Carrieri Alessandro
Published: November 2021

The essay aims to focus on reception and interpretation of Dostoevsky in the thought of Luigi Pareyson (1918-1991) and his heirs, who have developed a deep and original theoretical reading of Dostoevsky's work, able to bring out not only its ethical stance, but most of the essential aspects of his thought, and to investigate its current relevance. The reflection of Pareyson – who promoted the introduction of Dostoevsky's thought into the academic circles of Turin, being convinced that philosophy cannot avoid confronting the issues it explores – consists of three main moments: the experience of good and evil, the experience of freedom and the experience of God. Starting from consideration of Dostoevsky's characters as ideas, Pareyson proposes a new and coherent philosophical interpretation of his work, which can undoubtedly be compared to those of Ivanov, Berdjaev, Evdomikov, Šestov. His observations around the Legend of the Grand Inquisitor and the "refutation of Ivan" – which, according to him, constitute the most significant and theoretically prolific moments of Dostoevsky's production – seem unaffected by the flow of time and could still represent a valuable and indispensable contribution to the understanding not only of the great Russian author, but of human nature itself.
A Devil under the Guise of a Good Conscience
Authors: Vuckovich Robert
Published: November 2021

Buried within Fyodor Dostoevsky's works are glimpses of corrupt individuals who rise to the fore every now and then. Without these occasional revelations, not many would notice how diabolical an ordinary person really is. Although Dostoevsky does generalize that human nature can be quite vile, a character like the mysterious visitor from The Brothers Karamazov displays that nature without striving to be extraordinary as Dostoevsky's other prolific characters. Something troubling still lurks within this mundane type. Relying on moral dilemmas presented by ancient thinkers will help this project expose and elaborate on the unsavouriness behind the activities and dispositions of Dostoevsky's minute character. With the mysterious visitor as the prime focus, we discover how an individual distorts one's personal development and decent relations with other humane beings.
Tratamento de carcinoma basoescamoso de ombro com a técnica de Tikhoff-Linberg modificada: um relato de caso
Authors: Rossi Alan Pagoto , Cavalcante Bruna Juliany Ferreira , Oliveira Caroline Ribeiro de , Negreiros Hugo Marlon de Castro , Silva Lázara Gabriela Oliveira , Carvalho Raquel Freitas de , Santana Monique Freire , Figueiredo Higino Felipe , Júnior Manoel Jesus Pinheiro Coelho
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Descrever a abordagem cirúrgica realizada no tratamento de paciente diagnosticado com carcinoma basoescamoso atendido em uma Instituição do Amazonas, evidenciando a eficácia e aplicabilidade da técnica de Tikhoff-Linberg modificada. Detalhamento do caso: Paciente masculino, 62 anos, com lesão ulcerada em ombro esquerdo, diagnosticado pela biópsia com basoescamocarcinoma gigante, submetido a cirurgia de amputação de ombro com a técnica Tikhoff-Linberg modificada, com amputação de ombro tipo III, com ressecção da clavícula e escápula, preservação da cabeça do úmero, linfadenectomia cervical e axilar, e utilização de retalho dermogorduroso deltopeitoral para cobertura da área cruenta. Sessenta dias após a cirurgia, o paciente apresentava movimentos da mão intactos e preservação de flexão e extensão do braço. O tratamento cirúrgico garantiu a ressecção completa da lesão, proporcionando uma boa recuperação com qualidade de vida para o paciente. Considerações finais: Não foi encontrado na literatura relatos semelhantes ao apresentado. Portanto, esse estudo contribuiu expressivamente nas pesquisas científicas levando em conta a raridade desse tipo de tumor, bem como a técnica cirúrgica selecionada para o tratamento, beneficiando profissionais na condução de casos semelhantes, além de benefícios adicionais aos pacientes.
DETERMINANTS OF MUDHARABAH FINANCING IN INDONESIA (PARTIAL ADJUSMENT MODEL APPROACH)
Authors: Fathurrahman Ayif , Dwi Cahyani Anggun , Supiyono Edi
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return On Asset (ROA), tingkat bagi hasil, tingkat inflasi, dan nilai tukar terhadap pembiayaan mudharabah pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia baik secara parsial ataupun simultan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data time series dimana periode waktunya dari tahun Januari 2017 sampai Oktober 2019. Metode analisis data yang digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen yaitu metode Partial Adjustment Model (PAM) dengan menggunakan Eviews 7 serta melakukan uji asumsi klasik. Secara simultan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return On Asset (ROA), tingkat bagi hasil, tingkat inflasi, dan nilai tukar berpengaruh terhadap pembiayaan mudharabah Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Selanjutnya secara parsial dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek didapatkan hasil bahwa variabel Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap pembiayaan mudharabah Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia, variabel Return On Asset (ROA), tingkat bagi hasil, dan nilai tukar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pembiayaan mudharabah Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia, sedangkan variabel tingkat inflasi berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap pembiayaan mudharabah Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia.
Spor Bilimleri Öğrencilerinin Uzaktan Eğitime Yönelik Tutum ve Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÜNLÜ Hüseyin , AKTAŞ Özgür , BÜYÜKTAŞ Bilgihan
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 pandemisi sebebiyle eğitim öğretim faaliyetlerinin uzaktan (çevrim içi) yürütülmesi kararı alınmış ve aniden uzaktan eğitime geçen öğrencilerin derslerine yönelik tutumları, görüşleri merak konusu olmuştur. Bu araştırma spor bilimleri alanında yükseköğrenim gören öğrencilerin koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisinden dolayı uzaktan eğitim yöntemiyle işlenen derslere karşı görüşlerini ve tutumlarını ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yaş ortalamaları 21,78±3,17 olan 106 kız, 150 erkek toplam 256 üniversite öğrencisi araştırmaya katılmıştır. Araştırmada öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla ‘’Uzaktan Eğitime Karşı Tutum Ölçeği’’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada ikili grup karşılaştırmaları için bağımsız örneklem t testi, ikiden fazla grup karşılaştırmaları için tek yönlü varyans analizi (one-way Anova) testi kullanılmış, anlamlılık düzeyi (p)<.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime yönelik görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmak adına araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan iki yarı yapılandırılmış soru öğrenciler tarafından cevaplanmış ve sorular içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Cinsiyet ve bölüm değişkenlerinin uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutum üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılığa sebep olmadığı saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitimin avantajlı buldukları yönleri üç alt tema (pandemiden kaynaklı yüz yüze eğitimin taşıdığı risk faktörü, zaman ve mekân avantajı sunması faktörü, eğitimde fırsat eşitliği sunması), dezavantajlı buldukları yönleri ise iki alt tema (yüz yüze eğitimin getirdiği avantajları ortadan kaldırması faktörü, fizikî şartların yeterli olmaması faktörü) altında toplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak öğrenciler mevcut pandemiden dolayı uzaktan eğitimin avantajlı olduğunu belirtseler de dezavantajlı yönlerinin de eğitim faaliyetleri için ciddi sorun teşkil ettiğini vurguladılar.
A Dual-Process Motivational Model of Cross-Cultural Adaptation
Authors:   , Recker Claudia
Published: November 2021

Past research suggests that immigrants are relatively inclined to maintain their cultural heritage and identity and at the same time engage with host nationals and the host society. However, to my best knowledge, no study has examined whether these 'inclinations' are in fact distinct motivational drives. I argue that the motivational drives of Cultural Maintenance Motivation (MCM) and Cultural Exploration Motivation (MCE) influence acculturation behaviours when individuals immigrate to another country and that these acculturation behaviours in turn impact psychological and sociocultural adaptation. The present research first examines the psychometric properties of scales designed to measure these two motivations in a preliminary study with international students (N = 50), and then investigates a dual-process model based on the relationships between the novel motivations, acculturation behaviours and psychological and sociocultural adaptation in a larger New Zealand migrant sample (N = 280). Results from structural equation modeling largely supported the proposed dual-process model. The findings suggest that MCM predicted psychological adaptation through ethnic peer connections, whereas MCE predicted sociocultural adaptation, which in turn predicted psychological adaptation. Thus the proposed novel motivations have predictive power and contribute to the extant acculturation literature. Implications of the findings for acculturation research, policy makers and migrants are discussed.
Appropriate Transgression: An Intertextual Approach to Problems of Genre and Heroism in Statius' Achilleid
Authors:   , Mason Hanna Z. C.
Published: November 2021

Statius’ second epic poem, the Achilleid, deals with a subject matter that is particularly problematic: Achilles’ early life, in which he is raised by a centaur in the wilderness and then disguises himself as a woman in order to rape the princess of Scyros. Recent scholarship has also pointed to other problematic elements, such as Achilles’ troublesome relationship with his mother or the epic’s intertextual engagement with elegiac and ‘un-epic’ poetry. This thesis extends such scholarship by analysing Statius’ use of transgression in particular. It focuses primarily upon the heroic character of Achilles and the generic program of the Achilleid as a whole.

The first chapter focuses upon Achilles’ childhood and early youth as a foster child and student of the centaur Chiron. It demonstrates that the hero’s upbringing is used to emphasise his ambiguous nature in line with the Homeric Iliad, as a hero who is capable of acting appropriately, but chooses not to. Achilles’ wild and bestial nature is emphasised by its difference to the half-human character of Chiron, who might be expected to be act like an animal, but instead becomes an example of civilisation overcoming innate savagery, an example of what Achilles could have been. The second chapter discusses the ambiguities inherent in a study of transgression, in the light of Achilles’ transvestite episode on Scyros. Numerous intertextual allusions construct various sets of expected behaviours for the transvestite youth, but his failure to live up to any of them portrays him as a truly transgressive hero. In this way, he is similar to Hercules or Bacchus, whose heroism is constructed partly upon their transgressive natures and inability to conform to societal custom. In the final chapter, the study of transgression is extended to Statius’ generic program, associating the epic with elegy. Statius employs many elegiac tropes, and makes numerous allusions to the poetry of elegists such as Ovid and Propertius. In particular, elegiac poetry’s peculiar trope of constructing and emphasising boundaries in order that they may be crossed (thus making the poetry feel more transgressive) is mirrored in the Achilleid. In this way, the Achilleid’s engagement with transgression is considered to be, in part, a method for presenting an innately problematic hero to Statius’ Flavian audience in an accessible and interesting manner.
The Effect of Emotion on Time Perception for Complex Visual Stimuli
Authors:   , Séguin Julie Anne
Published: November 2021

Activation and attention have opposite effects on time perception. Emotion can both increase physiological activation (which leads to overestimation of time) and attract attention (which leads to underestimation of time). Although the effect of emotion on time perception has received a growing amount of attention, the use of different time estimation tasks and stimuli makes it difficult to compare findings across studies. The effect of emotion on the temporal perception of complex stimuli (e.g. scenes) is particularly under-researched. This thesis presents a systematic assessment of the effect of two key emotional dimensions, arousal and valence, on time perception for visual stimuli. Studies were designed to control for factors that may modulate emotion effects, such as image repetition and carry over from one emotion to another. The stimuli were complex images standardized for arousal (high or low) and valence (positive or negative) as well as neutral images. The first study compared three time estimation tasks to determine which were sensitive to emotion effects. The selected task, temporal bisection, was used to test time perception in three duration ranges: short (400 to 1600ms), middle (1000 to 4000ms), and long (2000 to 6000ms). Results of bisection point analyses revealed that the duration of attention-capturing stimuli (e.g. high arousal or negative images) was underestimated compared to that of other stimuli (e.g. low arousal or neutral images). These findings are at odds with activational effects of emotion (overestimation of emotional stimuli), which are typically found in studies of time perception for facial expression. Better temporal sensitivity in the long range than in short and middle ranges suggests that participants used different timing strategies to perform the bisection task at longer stimulus durations. To test the effect of emotion on time perception using a discrete rather than dimensional classification of emotion, experiments were replicated using emotional facial expressions as stimuli. Time estimates in the short and middle ranges did not show attentional effects, but pointed to activational effects of emotion. Facial expression had no impact on time perception in the long duration range. Taken together, these experiments show that the effect of emotion on time perception varies according to both duration and stimulus type. Emotional facial expressions have short lived activational effects whereby the duration of arousing stimuli is overestimated, whereas complex emotional scenes have protracted attentional effects through which the duration of attention-capturing stimuli is underestimated.
Non-Consensual, Deceitful and Misattributed Paternity
Authors:   , Lawton Zoë
Published: November 2021

This dissertation is about three types of paternity: non-consensual, deceitful and misattributed paternity. It is argued that these types of paternity are a modern reality that result in serious practical and legal consequences for all parties involved, but particularly for the father and child. They do not sit comfortably within the current legal framework on paternity which is too rigid, unclear or outdated to resolve issues that arise, and perhaps result in inequitable outcomes. In the light of this, several recommendations are provided to resolve these issues, most taking the form of statutory amendments. While tort actions have traditionally often been commercial in nature, recent developments demonstrate that certain conduct taking place within a domestic context can also attract liability. For example, deceit and negligent misstatement claims to recover “damage” caused by misattributed paternity have had varying degrees of success in England, Australia and Canada. A successful claim could potentially be made in New Zealand, although in certain limited circumstances, claims should be barred on public policy grounds.
Psychopathy, Delinquency & Attachment: Testing the Meditational Relationship in Adolescence
Authors:   , Scheib Emma Louise
Published: November 2021

Research on psychopathy in adolescence has increased substantially over the last two decades. The majority of this research has focussed on the developmental trajectory of psychopathy and the predictive reliability for future offending (Lynam et al., 2007). There has been a recent shift towards an understanding of potential protective factors that may act as a buffer against negative outcomes for young people with psychopathic characteristics. Attachment has been proposed as one of these potential mediators (Saltaris, 2002). The current research hypothesised that attachment to parents and peers would act as a mediator between psychopathy and self-reported delinquency. Two separate populations were sampled, undergraduate university students (predominantly late adolescent and young adult), and high school students (adolescents aged 16 to18). Participants completed self-report measures of psychopathy, delinquency and attachment to peers and parents, with the university sample doing so at three separate time points. Results indicate that attachment to parents, but not peers, acted as a significant protective factor, reducing the strength of the relationship between psychopathy and delinquency for the university sample only. This finding was stable over a 16-week period. Although male participants reported higher levels of psychopathy than females across both samples, undergraduate females report increasing levels of primary psychopathy over the three time points. Additionally, high-school females report significantly higher levels of primary psychopathy than university females. The focus on adolescent self-report psychopathy is a first in this country. While further research is needed in this area, these findings point to the significance of bonds between adolescents and their caregivers.
Some Uptake Studies of Metal Ions and the Formation of Cu₂0 Particles in Wool
Authors:   , Samarasinghe Ishira
Published: November 2021

This research programme is concerned with the uptake studies of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ at different conditions, by merino wool fibres and also uptake studies of Cu2+ ions by chemically modified wool fibres. Cu2O particles and Cu complexes are formed within merino wool by an in situ reaction with sodium borohydride and thioglycoloic acid respectively. The d-block elements have the ability to bind chemically to certain functional groups present within the keratin protein of wool. The absorption of the Cu2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ from solution by wool fibres under different conditions notably, time, temperature and initial concentration have been studied. The optimum temperature and reaction time to give highest absorption of the Cu2+ by the wool fibre was found to be 90 oC and one hour without modifying the nature of the wool, from a solution of Cu2+ concentration of 450 mg L-1. Cu2+ was found to give the greatest absorption by the wool fibres, whereas Zn2+ and Mn2+ were found to be absorbed the least. The absorption of Cu2+ ions increases with increasing temperature. At the higher temperature of 90 oC, the -S-S- bonds in the cystine amino acids break more readily, generating thiol and cysteic acid groups to bind with copper ions. The uptake of Cu2+ by ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (14 mg g-1 of wool) or thioglycolic acid (42.5 mg g-1 of wool) or sodium borohydride (41.8 mg g-1 of wool) treated merino wool fibres increases with respect to unmodified wool (8 mg g-1 of wool). NaBH4 treated merino wool reduces Cu2+ ions to Cu2O particles which form within the wool fibres by an in situ reaction. TGA treated merino wool provides additional functional groups to bind with copper ions and Cu2O particles also likely to be formed within TGA treated wool composites. The metal ions were absorbed into the fibres under various conditions and the extent of absorption was quantified. The form and binding of the Cu2O particles or Cu2+ ions onto the wool fibres are studied using UV-Visible, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS and TEM methods.
Should Oscar Pistorius be Allowed to Compete at the Olympic Games?
Authors:   , Davidson Terence
Published: November 2021

On the 4th of August 2012 South African runner Oscar Pistorius became the first athlete to compete at the Olympic Games while running on prosthetic limbs. Pistorius is a double below the knee amputee who runs on carbon J-shaped fibre blades. He represents a fusion of humanity and technology that will become an increasingly pressing issue for the sporting arena in the coming years. In this essay I use Pistorius as a case study to investigate how decisions regarding the use of enhancement technologies in sport should be made. I argue that the key characteristic that should be assessed is whether Pistorius' prosthetic legs mean that he is competing in a different sport to able-bodied athletes when he runs. I contend that the best method for deciding whether or not Pistorius is competing in the same sport as able-bodied athletes is to adopt a balance of excellences view of sport (Devine, 2010). I use this model to show that the excellence of exploiting technical aids is far more important for Pistorius than it is for his able-bodied counterparts. From this I conclude that what Pistorius does when he runs is not comparable to able-bodied runners. Thus he should not be allowed to compete against able-bodied athletes at the Olympic Games.
The Effect of Alcohol Withdrawal on Bone Turnover in Women with Alcohol Dependence
Authors:   , Wyawahare Pallavi
Published: November 2021

Several studies have highlighted the detrimental effects of alcohol dependence upon bone health, but the majority of data relate to male alcoholics. In general, these effects are considered to be either a direct toxic effect on bone or related to confounding lifestyle factors linked to alcohol dependence. Given the rising prevalence of alcohol dependence in young women, data relating to this group are timely. We performed a study to assess bone health in this population and specifically to study change in bone turnover following admission to an alcohol detoxification unit in New Zealand.
The Emergence of Collective Dreams: An Exploration of Community Development Based Collaborative Landscape Design
Authors:   , Barrie Charles William
Published: November 2021

This thesis explores the nature of a landscape design process that could ensure the resilience and sustainability of suburban public space. Utilising a literature review and two large case study projects, the research presents an argument that: • public landscapes must be seen as multi-dimensional complex systems emerging from the co-evolution of different players in the landscape community with the dynamics of their wider ecosystem; and • the sustainable design of these spaces is dependent on collaborative decision-making, the engagement and empowerment of the local community, and the restoration of ongoing responsive interaction with the site.  This approach is referred to as 'deep landscape design' and is expanded through the presentation of a number of guiding principles which it is hoped will support designers, council staff and community leaders to implement it. These guiding principles describe a facilitated, nested and iterative model of design in which: • the physical, ecological and cultural dimensions of landscape can be integrated holistically; • multiple engagement methods are established enabling the inclusion of a large range of community partners; and  • those engaged in the design of the space are able to reflect on the impacts of their decisions and make changes accordingly.  The research suggests that through the inclusion of deep design principles, small projects with a specific focus can initiate a process of increasing community knowledge, skill, and ownership in the design and maintenance of landscapes. A process which is necessary for the sustainability and resilience of public spaces.
Development of a PXI Express Peripheral Module and Data Transfer Platform
Authors:   , Bourne Mathew David
Published: November 2021

Magritek, a company who specialise in NMR and MRI devices, required a new backplane communication solution for transmission of data. Possible options were evaluated and it was decided to move to the PXI Express instrumentation standard. As a first step of moving to this system, an FPGA based PXI Express Peripheral Module was designed and constructed. In order to produce this device, details on PXI Express boards and the signals required were researched, and schematics produced. These were then passed onto the board designer who incorporated the design with other design work at Magritek to produce a PXI Express Peripheral Module for use as an NMR transceiver board. With the board designed, the FPGA was configured to provide PXI Express functionality. This was designed to allow PCI Express transfers at high data speeds using Direct Memory Access (DMA). The PXI Express Peripheral board was then tested and found to function correctly, providing Memory Write speeds of 228 MB/s and Memory Read speeds of 162 MB/s. Also, to provide a test system for this physical and FPGA design, backplanes were designed to test communication between PXI Express modules.
OwnKit: Ownership Inference for Java
Authors:   , Dymnikov Constantine
Published: November 2021

Object ownership allows us to statically control run-time aliasing in order to provide a strong notion of object encapsulation. Unfortunately in order to use ownership, code must first be annotated with extra type information. This imposes a heavy burden on the programmer, and has contributed to the slow adoption of ownership. Ownership inference is the process of reconstructing ownership type information based on the existing ownership patterns in code. This thesis presents OwnKit—an automatic ownership inference tool for Java. OwnKit conducts inference in a modular way: by only considering a single class at the time. The modularity makes our algorithm highly scalable in both time and memory usage.
Sound Reflexes: Micro-Analysis of Meaningful Moments with Children Receiving Music Therapy
Authors:   , Johns Elizabeth Scott
Published: November 2021

This study investigates meaningful moments in improvised music created during individual music therapy sessions with children who have delays in various areas of development. Secondary analysis of clinical records (session notes and video footage) was used in this music centred research to identify meaningful moments in the music. Six meaningful moments were chosen, each from a different child, and subsequently the musical interactions of the child and student music therapist were transcribed in detail. An ethnographic, microanalysis approach was applied to analyse and interpret the observable features of the music. The analysis of what was happening in the music helped the researcher to understand and articulate the meaningful moments. Meaningful moments were found to be shared experiences in the co-creation of music, which provided opportunities to foster a responsive interpersonal relationship between the child and therapist. They occurred because the music provided a framework for structure and change through synchronicity and regularity/flow as well as variation, tension, suspension, expectation and anticipation. The meaningful moment was facilitated by musical elements: rhythm, tempo, pitch/melody, harmony, timbre and volume/dynamics; and musical techniques: imitation, pause, space, repetition, anacrusis and gestural actions. A review of the literature was undertaken to examine the use of improvisation and the importance of meaningful moments, in music therapy. The findings are discussed drawing from the related literature and the theory of expectation. The strengths and limitations of the study are stated along with the implications for training and further research in this field.
Development of a System to Probe the Differential Production of elF4A from the Paralogous Genes TIF1 and TIF2 in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Authors:   , Jones Darryl
Published: November 2021

The aim of this Master’s thesis was to evaluate the hypothesis that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologs for Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4A, TIF1 and TIF2, can be individually regulated. This may be an expectation if the retention of the TIF1 and TIF2 duplicates arises from the requirement to respond to a wide variety of cellular needs in S. cerevisiae. These paralogs show an almost identical sequence in their coding region (barring six synonymous changes in the gene sequence) but are substantially different in their 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions that are the probable sites of regulatory functions. To identify differences in use of the TIF1 and TIF2 paralogs, a dual fluorescent reporter strain expressing plasmid borne TIF1-RFP, incorporating the endogenous TIF1 3’ and 5’ untranslated regions, and chromosomally integrated TIF2-GFP was created in order to probe for any differential regulation between TIF1 and TIF2. To create the fluorescent reporters it was necessary to learn and execute sophisticated molecular biology and molecular genetics which are described in this thesis. The generated fluorescence reporter strains were shown to be stable over multiple generations and subjected to high throughput and high content automated confocal microscopy. The commercially available LOPAC1280 Library of Pharmacologically-Active Compounds was used to probe for differential regulation where a “hit” was defined as a significant change in the expression of at least one of TIF1-RFP or TIF2-GFP four hours after application. For TIF2p-GFP, 2 compounds out of the 1280 library showed evidence of regulation under stringent thresholding criteria. For TIF1-RFP, 43 compounds were identified as regulators. There was no overlap of compounds. This screen provides prima-facie evidence that the TIF1 and TIF2 are differentially regulated, as assessed by the criteria of the experimental system described in this thesis.
Design in a Virtual Innovation Ecology: A Cybernetic Systems Approach to Knowledge Creation and Design Collaboration in Second Life
Authors:   , Rive Peter Bryan
Published: November 2021

Design innovation makes a substantial contribution to the global economy, however there is a challenge to modern design praxis as design teams face difficulties when it comes to collaborators who are geographically distributed and unable to easily meet face to face in a physical context. This research undertook to interpret the knowledge creation life cycle of design innovation, and adopted a second-order cybernetic approach to describe the design process in the virtual world Second Life (SL). The researcher applied a cyber-ethnographic methodology to collect a bricolage of evidence in SL including observations; interviews; blogs; surveys; and conversations ‘in-world’. The research considered three case studies of groups in SL: Sloodlers, Studio Wikiitecture, and Design 2029 – The End Game. Three models were proposed to help describe cybernetic regulation of the design innovation ecology in SL: the spectrum of fidelity; indosymbiosis; and Lessig’s four modalities of cybernetic knowledge regulation. The first two of these were developed specifically for this research. In addition, a design innovation organism or ‘inogism’ was proposed using a biological metaphor to describe the design innovation ecology in SL. The primary research question considered how Lessig’s four modes of architecture, the law, the market, and norms all interact to affect the design ecology within SL. The secondary research questions considered how tacit knowledge creation and design collaboration could be inhibited or enabled through simulated face-to-face meetings. This research describes how the virtual ecology of SL can enable tacit knowledge creation and design collaboration and therefore contribute towards improved design innovation. It also suggests future research opportunities that could assist innovative design outcomes in other virtual worlds.
Investigating the Implementation Process of a Curriculum: A Case Study from Papua New Guinea
Authors:   , Joskin Anna Marisen
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate how policy intentions of the curriculum were received and practiced by teachers and to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation process. The study probed three levels of an implementation process of an Outcomes-Based English Education curriculum in two urban secondary schools in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The specific focus of implementation was on: the initial introduction process, teachers’ beliefs and attitudes, and classroom practices. This research was an exploratory one using focus group discussions, structured interviews, participant observations, and document analysis. A case study method was used; two qualitative studies situated within the constructivist and symbolic interactionism paradigms were used to probe alignment of policy with practice using the diffusion of innovation theoretical lenses. Content, discourse, and document analyses were used to give interpretations to themes resonating with the research focus; these themes were derived both deductively and inductively from data. Findings revealed that the curriculum change was challenging as policy expectations failed to align with practices. There were little shared meanings between teachers’ views and classroom practices; this lack of connection contradicted policy intentions. There also appeared to be no connection by policy makers of the inbuilt tensions inherent in the outcomes-based model of education adopted for PNG. In relation to this, findings from this study revealed the need for collaborative professional development if policy is to be aligned with practice. Hence, this study offers a working tool called a Kibung PD framework as a priority for curriculum implementation at the classroom level.
Attention Capture by Angry Faces Depends on the Distribution of Attention
Authors:   , Foster Joshua James
Published: November 2021

The threat-capture hypothesis posits a threat-detection system that automatically directs visual attention to threat-related stimuli (e.g., angry facial expressions) in the environment. Importantly, this system is theorised to operate preattentively, processing all input across the visual field in parallel, prior to the operation of selective attention. The threat-capture hypothesis generates two predictions. First, because the threat-detection system directs attention to threat automatically, threat stimuli should capture attention when they are task-irrelevant and the observer has no intention to attend to them. Second, because the threat-detection system operates preattentively, threat stimuli should capture attention even when it is engaged elsewhere. This thesis tested these predictions using behavioural measures of attention capture in conjunction with the N2pc, an event-related potential (ERP) index of attention selection. Experiment 1 tested the first prediction of the threat-capture hypothesis – that threat stimuli capture attention when they are task-irrelevant. Participants performed a dot-probe task in which pairs of face cues – one angry and one neutral – preceded a lateral target. On some trials, the faces were Fourier phase-scrambled to control for low-level visual properties. Consistent with the threat-capture hypothesis, an N2pc was observed for angry faces, suggesting they captured attention despite being completely task-irrelevant. Interestingly, this effect remained when faces were Fourier phase-scrambled, suggesting it is low-level visual properties that drive attention capture by angry faces. Experiments 2A and 2B tested the second prediction of the threat capture hypothesis – that threat stimuli capture attention when it is engaged elsewhere. Participants performed a primary task in which they searched a column of letters at fixation for a target letter. The perceptual load of this task was manipulated to ensure that attentional resources were consumed by this task. Thus there were high and low perceptual load conditions in these experiments. Task-irrelevant angry faces interfered with task performance when the perceptual load of the task was high but not when it was low (Experiment 2A). Similarly, angry faces elicited an N2pc, indicating that they captured attention, but only when perceptual load was high and when faces were phase-scrambled (Experiment 2B). These experiments further suggest that low-level visual factors are important in attention capture by angry faces. These results appear to be inconsistent with the threat-capture hypothesis, and suggest that angry faces do not necessarily capture attention when it is engaged elsewhere.