bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utilities of Anti-Müllerian Hormone
Authors: Russell Nicole , Gilmore Andrea , Roudebush William E.
Published: December 2022

The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plays an essential role in sex determination in early embryonic development. Through a series of sequential steps that follows inheriting an XY chromosome, Sertoli cell differentiation upregulates the expression of AMH-suppressing Müllerian duct development and maintains the AMH at a high level until puberty. In females, the AMH is produced by granulosa cells of follicles beginning in the second half of fetal life and continues through adulthood, with a steady decline through the reproductive years and severe decline at menopause, until levels eventually become undetectable. The AMH is essential for the regulation of follicular maturation via the recruitment of primordial follicles throughout folliculogenesis. AMH serum concentration in women strongly correlates with ovarian reserve quantity and reflects ovulation potential. Because the AMH is expressed almost exclusively by growing follicles before FSH-dependent selection, it commonly serves as a marker for ovarian function in various clinical situations, including in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome, artificial reproductive technology, and predictions of menopause or premature ovarian failure.
Associations between Periodontitis and COPD: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Analysis of NHANES III
Authors: Vollmer Andreas , Vollmer Michael , Lang Gernot , Straub Anton , Shavlokhova Veronika , Kübler Alexander , Gubik Sebastian , Brands Roman , Hartmann Stefan , Saravi Babak
Published: December 2022

A number of cross-sectional epidemiological studies suggest that poor oral health is associated with respiratory diseases. However, the number of cases within the studies was limited, and the studies had different measurement conditions. By analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III), this study aimed to investigate possible associations between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and periodontitis in the general population. COPD was diagnosed in cases where FEV (1)/FVC ratio was below 70% (non-COPD versus COPD; binary classification task). We used unsupervised learning utilizing k-means clustering to identify clusters in the data. COPD classes were predicted with logistic regression, a random forest classifier, a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) classifier, k-nearest neighbors, a decision tree classifier, Gaussian naive Bayes (GaussianNB), support vector machines (SVM), a custom-made convolutional neural network (CNN), a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP), and a radial basis function neural network (RBNN) in Python. We calculated the accuracy of the prediction and the area under the curve (AUC). The most important predictors were determined using feature importance analysis. Results: Overall, 15,868 participants and 19 feature variables were included. Based on k-means clustering, the data were separated into two clusters that identified two risk characteristic groups of patients. The algorithms reached AUCs between 0.608 (DTC) and 0.953% (CNN) for the classification of COPD classes. Feature importance analysis of deep learning algorithms indicated that age and mean attachment loss were the most important features in predicting COPD. Conclusions: Data analysis of a large population showed that machine learning and deep learning algorithms could predict COPD cases based on demographics and oral health feature variables. This study indicates that periodontitis might be an important predictor of COPD. Further prospective studies examining the association between periodontitis and COPD are warranted to validate the present results.
Liver Fibrosis and Hearing Loss in an Older Mediterranean Population: Results from the Salus in Apulia Study
Authors: Tatoli Rossella , Tirelli Sarah , Lampignano Luisa , Castellana Fabio , Bortone Ilaria , Zupo Roberta , Sborgia Giancarlo , Lozupone Madia , Panza Francesco , Giannelli Gianluigi , Quaranta Nicola , Boeing Heiner , Sardone Rodolfo
Published: December 2022

Background: Aging is the main negative prognostic factor for various chronic diseases, such as liver fibrosis, and clinical disorders such as hearing loss. This study aimed to investigate the association between age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and age-related central auditory processing disorder (CAPD), and the risk for liver fibrosis in a cross-sectional study on an aging population. Methods: Liver fibrosis risk was judged on the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score. Peripheral ARHL was evaluated with pure tone audiometry using a calibrated audiometer. The pure tone average (PTA), calculated as a threshold ≤ 40 dB (HL) in the better ear, was measured at the frequencies 0.5–4 kHz. For age-related CAPD assessment, we employed the Synthetic Sentence Identification with an Ipsilateral Competitive Message test (SSI-ICM). General linear Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association. Results: The increase in the PTA 0.5–2 kHz (coefficient: 0.02, SE: 0.01, CI 95%: 0.01 to 0.03) was directly associated with a higher risk of liver fibrosis (FIB-4 ≥ 2.67). Moreover, the reduction in SSI (coefficient: −0.02, SE: 0.01, CI 95%: −0.03 to −0.01) was inversely associated with FIB-4 values < 2.67. Conclusion: Our results show an association between liver fibrosis and both ARHL and CAPD, linked by the typical consequence of aging. We also assume a role of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.
Erectile Dysfunction Severity: The Role of Glycometabolic Compensation and Antihyperglycemic Drugs
Authors: Zamponi Virginia , Defeudis Giuseppe , Federico Francesca , Faggiano Antongiulio , Mazzilli Rossella
Published: December 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of DM among patients with ED and the impact of glycometabolic compensation and antihyperglycemic treatment on ED severity. Methods: In total, 1332 patients with ED were enrolled. The diagnosis was performed through the International-Index-of-Erectile-Function questionnaire. ED severity was considered according to presence/absence of spontaneous erections, maintenance/achievement deficiency and response to PDE5-i. DM patients were clustered according to antihyperglycemic treatment: “metformin”/“insulin”/“old antihyperglycemic drugs”/“new antihyperglycemic drugs”. Results: The prevalence of DM patients was 15.8% (Group A, patients with ED and DM). Among these, the prevalence of spontaneous erections (21.0%) was lower than in the remaining patients (Group B, patients with ED without DM) (32.0%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of poor response to PDE5-i was lower in Group B (10.0%) than in Group A (35.0%, p < 0.001). Patients with good response to PDE5-i therapy showed lower HbA1c values than patients with poor/no response (6.6 ± 1.1% vs. 7.7 ± 1.9%, p = 0.02). The prevalence of absent response to PDE5-i was higher in patients treated with old antidiabetic drugs than in the population treated with new drugs (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The severity of ED and lower response to PDE5-i were higher in DM patients. A better glycometabolic profile, as well as new antihyperglycemic drugs, seem to have a positive effect on ED.
Muscle Architecture, Morphology, and Mechanical and Functional Properties of Biceps Femoris Long Head in Professional Soccer Players with a Prior Healed Injured Hamstring
Authors: Nuñez Francisco Javier , Ritzmann Ramona , Hernandez-Abad Fernando , Martinez Juan Carlos , Suarez-Arrones Luis
Published: December 2022

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness and stiffness of the biceps femoris long head, and eccentric hamstring strength between injured dominant limbs, injured non-dominant limbs, uninjured dominant limbs and uninjured non-dominant legs in previously injured players, and between dominant and non-dominant legs in uninjured elite soccer players. Materials and Methods: Twenty elite soccer players participated in this study. Ultrasound imaging and MyotonPRO were used to determine the morphological and mechanical properties of the biceps femoris long head. Isokinetic and Nordic hamstring exercises were used to assess eccentric hamstring strength. Results: Previously injured players showed substantially lower fascicle length and muscle thickness, and significantly higher biceps femoris long head stiffness than uninjured players, without differences between limbs. Conclusion: The morphological and mechanical properties of elite soccer players with hamstring injury history were different from those in uninjured players. The lack of differences between limbs showed that these values are characteristics of individual players that must be considered in the design of programs to prevent BFlh injury.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Biological Reconstruction with Free Fibular Graft after Resection of Extremity Diaphyseal Bone Tumors
Authors: Li Zhaohui , Pan Zhen , Guo Hua , Fei Xiang , Cheng Dongdong , Yang Qingcheng
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of reconstruction with a composite free fibula inside other biological grafts. We retrospectively reviewed 26 patients who underwent reconstruction after bone tumor resection of the diaphysis of the long bone. Surgical data, time to bony union, functional outcomes, and complications were evaluated in all cases. The median follow-up was 72.5 months. The limb salvage rate was 100%. Primary osseous union was achieved in 90.4% of the junctions. The union rates at the metaphyseal and diaphyseal junctions were 100% and 85.7%, respectively (p = 0.255). The mean time of bony union in the upper (87.5%) and lower (91.7%) extremity was 4.6 ± 1.6 months and 6.9 ± 2 months, respectively. The mean MSTS score was 27.2 ± 3.2, with a mean MSTS rating of 90.7%. Complications occurred in 15.4% of the cases. The administration of vascularized or non-vascularized grafts did not significantly influence the union time (p = 0.875), functional outcome (p = 0.501), or blood loss (p = 0.189), but showed differences in operation time (p = 0.012) in lower extremity reconstruction. A composite free fibula inside other biological grafts provides a reasonable and durable option for osseous oncologic reconstruction of the long bone diaphysis of the extremities with an acceptable rate of complications. A higher union rate was achieved after secondary bone grafting. In lower-extremity reconstruction, two plates may be considered a better option for internal fixation. Vascularizing the fibula did not significantly affect the union time.
Which Antibiotic for Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy? A Literature Review of International Guidelines
Authors: Corrales Mariela , Corrales-Acosta Elizabeth , Corrales-Riveros Juan Guillermo
Published: December 2022

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered to be a major problem in pregnant women. It is also one of the most prevalent infections during pregnancy, being diagnosed in as many as 50–60% of all gestations. Therefore, UTI treatment during pregnancy is extremely important and management guidelines have been published worldwide to assist physicians in selecting the right antibiotic for each patient, taking into account the maternal and fetal safety profile. A review of the literature was carried out and all international guidelines giving recommendations about antibiotic treatments for pregnancy-related UTI were selected. The search came back with 13 guidelines from 4 different continents (8 from Europe, 3 from South America, 1 from North America and 1 from Oceania). Our review demonstrated concordance between guidelines with regard to several aspects in the antibiotic treatment of UTI during pregnancy and in the follow-up after treatment. Nonetheless, there are some areas of discordance, as in the case of antenatal screening for bacteriuria and the use of fluoroquinolones in lower or upper UTI. Given the current evidence that we have from international guidelines, they all agree on several key points about antibiotic use.
Effect of Nanocellulose Types on Microporous Acrylic Acid/Sodium Alginate Super Absorbent Polymers
Authors: Ismaeilimoghadam Saeed , Jonoobi Mehdi , Hamzeh Yahya , Danti Serena
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of nanocellulose, i.e., cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and also different drying methods (oven-drying and freeze-drying) on the properties of acrylic acid (AA)/sodium alginate (SA) super absorbent polymers (SAPs). In addition, the presence of ammonium per sulfate as an initiator and N-N methylene-bis-acrylamide as a cross-linker were considered. Synthesized SAPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The absorption and rheological properties (i.e., storage modulus and loss modulus) were also investigated. The results of FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated several types of interactions, such as hydrogen and esterification, between SA, AA and nanocellulose. SEM analysis revealed a microporous structure in the SAPs. All SAPs had a centrifuge retention capacity (CRC)/free swelling capacity (FSC) ≥ 69%. The absorption behavior showed that the oven-dried SAPs had superior (about 2×) CRC and FRC in different aqueous media compared to the freeze-dried counterparts. The freeze-dried SAPs showed increased rheological properties in comparison to the oven-dried ones, with SAPs containing BNC and CNC having the highest rheological properties, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that oven-dried SAPs containing CNC had better absorption properties than the other ones tested in this study.
Influence of Tsunami-Driven Shipping Containers’ Layout on Their Motion
Authors: Hou Yudou , Nakamura Tomoaki , Cho Yong-Hwan , Mizutani Norimi , Tomita Takashi
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the interaction between containers under extreme hydrodynamic conditions modeled on tsunamis to assess whether the number and layout of containers affect their motion and to guide future studies on numerical simulations describing tsunami-debris motion. The three-dimensional Fluid–Structure–Sediment–Seabed Interaction Model (FS3M), which can compute tsunami–container interaction, was used as a numerical test model, and numerical results for the specific target of the simulation were compared with experimental data to check the validity and computational accuracy of the FS3M. The study showed that the number of rows (Nx), columns (Ny), and stacks (Nz) in the initial arrangement of containers constitute the main factor affecting the area where the containers spread and their drift motion velocity. An increase in Nx and Nz can effectively reduce the container drift velocity. Conversely, as Ny increases, the drift motion velocity of the center of gravity of the entire group increases. The results of this study can facilitate the development of more realistic building structure scenarios in future research that consider the proposed characteristic damage estimation and comprehensive assessment methods laid out herein.
Initiating a DNA Barcoding Reference Library of Stony Corals from the Gulf of Eilat (Red Sea)
Authors: Rachmilovitz Elad Nehoray , Shabbat Omri , Yerushalmy Maayan , Rinkevich Baruch
Published: December 2022

Accurate identification of scleractinian coral species is fundamental for proper biodiversity estimates, for aiding in efforts of reef monitoring, conservation, restoration, and for the management of coral reefs. Here, we provide the first DNA barcoding reference library for coral species in Eilat, Red Sea, based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), targeting the identification of stony coral species from shallow (0–12 m) reefs. A total of 191 specimens were collected, depicting 14 families, 39 genera, and 94 species (all are new full species records to the BOLD system). Three species (Sclerophyllia margariticola, Cyphastrea magna, and Psammocora profundacella) are first records for Eilat’s coral reef. The results presented here strengthen the claim that COI is not universally informative for delimitation of stony coral species, a notion reinforced by the constructed maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree. This library is the first step in a long journey towards elucidating coral biodiversity in the coral reef at Eilat and for improving future management and monitoring efforts.
Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Biochar on Growth, Nutrient Absorption, and Physiological Properties of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sun Jiahua , Jia Qiong , Li Yi , Zhang Ting , Chen Jiayuan , Ren Yanan , Dong Kanglong , Xu Shuai , Shi Nan-Nan , Fu Shenglei
Published: December 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and biochar are two common alternatives to chemical fertilizers applied to soil to improve crop growth. However, their interactive effects on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, nutrient absorption, and physiological properties remain poorly understood. In this study, maize plants were grown in pots treated with biochar and AMFs Diversispora eburnea, alone or in combination. The results showed that the individual application of AMFs or biochar increased maize growth and mineral contents in shoots and roots (including P, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn). The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents in AMF-treated leaves were significantly higher than those in the control treatment group. However, AMFs had no synergistic effects with biochar on maize growth, nutrient absorption, nor photosynthetic pigments. The application of biochar to the soil significantly reduced mycorrhizal colonization by 40.58% in the root tissues, accompanied by a significant decline in mycorrhizal dependency from 80.57% to −28.67%. We conclude that the application of biochar and AMFs can affect maize growth, nutrient uptake, and physiological properties. Our study can provide vital information for further resource use optimization in agroecosystems.
Human Monkeypox: Oral Implications and Recommendations for Oral Screening and Infection Control in Dental Practice
Authors: Amato Massimo , Di Spirito Federica , Boccia Giovanni , Fornino Domenico , D’Ambrosio Francesco , De Caro Francesco
Published: December 2022

The World Health Organization declared the spread of the human monkeypox virus (MPXV) an “emerging threat of moderate health concern” on 23 June 2022. Although about 20,000 cases of Monkeypox (MPX) were recorded in Europe and more than 28,000 in the United States from May to October 2022, their number is still small compared to the number of dental patients treated annually. Therefore, the likelihood of oral healthcare workers encountering an MPX case is relatively low in not endemic regions. In addition, MPX-positive individuals are considered contagious only during the prodromal or acute phase. However, the exact shedding and transmission routes of MPX and the associated risk of transmission in the dental setting remain unclear. Moreover, infected subjects whose disease is confined to the head and neck may require oral and dental care because they complain of lymphadenopathy involving the cervical lymph nodes. Furthermore, MPX lesions may first appear in the oral cavity or perioral area. Therefore, given the recent spread of MPXV in non-endemic areas where dentists are not used to considering this disease in the differential diagnosis and taking appropriate preventive measures, all oral healthcare providers nowadays should be aware of the oral presentation of MPX for adequate oral screening and appropriate preventive measures for infection control in the dental practice.
SARS-CoV-2 Variants in COVID-19 Disease: A Focus on Disease Severity and Vaccine Immunity in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department
Authors: Fogolari Marta , Francesconi Maria , De Florio Lucia , Giovanetti Marta , Veralli Roberta , De Flora Cecilia , Maruotti Antonello , Scarpa Fabio , Spoto Silvia , Sambuco Federica , Riva Elisabetta , Ciccozzi Massimo , Angeletti Silvia
Published: December 2022

Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants along with vaccinations are fundamental for severe COVID-19 disease prevention. A study was performed that focused on 43 patients with the SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to the Emergency Department. RT-PCR–positive nasopharyngeal samples were sequenced using the MiSeq II system for variant detection. The main reason for Emergency Department admission was COVID-19 (67%), followed by other causes (33%); 51% patients were unvaccinated or vaccinated with a single dose and 49% had completed the vaccination course with two or three doses. Among the vaccinated group, 38% were admitted for COVID-19, versus 94.5% of the unvaccinated group. After admission, 50% of the vaccinated group and 36% of the unvaccinated group were discharged and allowed to go home, and 80% of the unvaccinated had no major comorbidities; 63% needed hospital admission and 5% required a stay in the Intensive Care Unit. Of these, 37% were vaccinated with 3 doses, 11% with two doses, 4% with a single dose, and 48% were unvaccinated. The 70% of the vaccinated patients who were admitted to hospital presented major comorbidities versus 38% of the unvaccinated group. Two unvaccinated patients that needed intensive care had relevant comorbidities and died. Genome sequencing showed the circulation of three omicron and two pure sub-lineages of omicron, including 22 BA.1, 12 BA.1.1, and 7 BA.2. Data showed the SARS-CoV-2 national and international migration patterns and how vaccination was useful for severe COVID-19 disease prevention.
Treatment of Complex Wounds with NovoSorb® Biodegradable Temporising Matrix (BTM)—A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Schlottmann Frederik , Obed Doha , Bingöl Alperen S. , März Vincent , Vogt Peter M. , Krezdorn Nicco
Published: December 2022

Complex and chronic wounds represent a highly prevalent condition worldwide that requires a multimodal and interdisciplinary treatment approach to achieve good functional and aesthetic outcomes. Due to increasing costs of health care, an aging population and an increase in difficult-to-treat microbial colonization of wounds, complex wounds will become a substantial clinical, social and economic challenge in the upcoming years. In plastic reconstructive surgery, a variety of dermal skin substitutes have been established for clinical use. Since its approval as a dermal skin substitute in Germany, NovoSorb® Biodegradable Temporising Matrix (BTM) has become a valuable therapeutic option for the treatment of full-thickness wound defects. The clinical data published to date are limited to case reports and small-scale case series with the main focus on single wounds. The aim of this single-center study was a retrospective analysis of our own patient collective that has received treatment with BTM for complex wounds. Overall, BTM showed to be a reliable and versatile reconstructive option, especially for patients with multiple co-morbidities and microbiologically colonized wounds. Although the preliminary findings have produced promising results, further investigation and research are warranted regarding long-term outcomes and additional clinical applications.
Age and Meniscal Extrusion Are Determining Factors of Osteoarthritis Progression after Conservative Treatments for Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear
Authors: Kim Young Mo , Joo Yong Bum , An Byung Kuk , Song Ju-Ho
Published: December 2022

Background: With a growing understanding of biomechanical disadvantages following medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT), recent studies have focused on surgical repair of MMPRT. Because not all tears are repairable, surgical indications can be properly established when the outcomes of conservative treatments are revealed. This study tried to identify risk factors for osteoarthritis progression after conservative treatments for isolated MMPRT. Materials & Methods: Patients who had conservative treatments for isolated MMPRT during 2013–2016 were retrospectively reviewed. To evaluate osteoarthritis progression, those who were followed up for ≤3 years and those who already showed advanced osteoarthritis of Kellgren--Lawrence (K-L) grade 4 at the time of diagnosis were excluded. Because patients with varus malalignment were candidates for realignment osteotomy, conservative treatments for MMPRT were applied to patients with well-aligned knees. Osteoarthritis progression was determined based on the K-L grading system, and risk factors including age, sex, body mass index, lower limb alignment, preoperative K-L grade, meniscal extrusion, and the presence of subchondral bone marrow lesion (BML) were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 42 patients were followed up for 57.4 ± 26.8 months. During that period, osteoarthritis progression was noted in 17 (40.5%) patients. Based on univariate analyses for each risk factor, age, meniscal extrusion, and the presence of subchondral BML were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that age (p = 0.028, odds ratio = 0.87) and meniscal extrusion (p = 0.013, odds ratio = 9.65) were significant risk factors. A receiver operating characteristic curve found that the cutoff age was 63.5 years, with the area under the curve being 0.72 (sensitivity, 68.0%; specificity, 70.6%). Conclusions: About two-fifths of patients who had conservative treatments for MMPRT underwent osteoarthritis progression in the mid to long term. Age and meniscal extrusion were determining factors of osteoarthritis progression. The risk for osteoarthritis progression was decreased when the age of patients was over 63.5 years.
Molecular Pathways of Breast Cancer in Systemic Sclerosis: Exploratory Immunohistochemical Analysis from the Sclero-Breast Study
Authors: Isca Chrystel , Spinella Amelia , Toss Angela , de Pinto Marco , Ficarra Guido , Fabbiani Luca , Iannone Anna , Magnani Luca , Lumetti Federica , Macripò Pierluca , Vacchi Caterina , Gasparini Elisa , Piana Simonetta , Cortesi Laura , Maiorana Antonino , Salvarani Carlo , Dominici Massimo , Giuggioli Dilia
Published: December 2022

Several authors reported an increased risk of cancer in SSc patients, including breast cancer (BC). Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this association have not yet been clarified. SSc and BC share several molecular pathways, which seem to play a common etiopathogenetic role. The previously published Sclero-Breast study demonstrated the development of BC with a good prognosis among these patients, which could be explained by an autoimmune background as a possible mechanism for limiting tumor extension. Here, we report the results of an IHC analysis of molecular pathways known to be common drivers for both diseases, with the aim to better define the mechanisms underlying a good prognosis of BC in patients affected by SSc. The analysis demonstrated higher TILs rates in all BC subgroups, with a high rate of PD-L1 expression especially in TNBC and HER2-positive BC, suggesting a less aggressive behavior in these patients compared to the general population. These results support a possible de-escalation strategy of cancer therapies in these fragile patients. These data could represent a starting point for future prospective studies based on the clinical application of these biomarkers with a larger sample size to promote a personalized and targeted oncological treatment for this specific subset of patients.
Comparison of Maternal–Fetal Outcomes among Unvaccinated and Vaccinated Pregnant Women with COVID-19
Authors: Martínez-Varea Alicia , Satorres Elena , Florez Sandra , Domenech Josep , Desco-Blay Julia , Monfort-Pitarch Sagrario , Hueso María , Perales-Marín Alfredo , Diago-Almela Vicente
Published: December 2022

Background: This study sought to elucidate whether COVID-19 vaccination, during gestation or before conception, entails a decreased incidence of severe COVID-19 disease during pregnancy. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all pregnant women that were followed up at a tertiary University Hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosed between 1 March 2020 and 30 July 2022. The primary outcome of the study was to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes in unvaccinated and vaccinated pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: A total of 487 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. SARS-CoV-2 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with an 89% lower probability of positive cord-blood SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (OR 0.112; 95% CI 0.039–0.316), compared with infection during the first or the second trimester. Vaccinated pregnant women (201 (41.27%)) with COVID-19 had an 80% lower risk for developing pneumonia and requiring hospital admission due to COVID-19 than unvaccinated patients (aOR 0.209; 95% CI 0.044–0.985). Noticeably, pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with at least two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine did not develop severe COVID-19. Conclusion: Vaccinated women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy are associated with decreased hospital admission due to COVID-19 as well as reduced progression to severe COVID-19.
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Short Version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders—Negative Statements into Italian: Towards Personalized Patient Care
Authors: Pirola Francesca , Giombi Francesco , Ferreli Fabio , Costantino Andrea , Mercante Giuseppe , Paoletti Giovanni , Heffler Enrico , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Settimi Stefano , De Corso Eugenio , Spriano Giuseppe , Malvezzi Luca
Published: December 2022

Given the high burden of olfactory dysfunction worldwide, recently increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is mandatory to adopt a specific questionnaire to assess the impact of olfactory impairment on quality of life, to be used in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to adapt and validate the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (svQOD-NS) for Italian. In the pilot phase, the Italian version of the questionnaire (ITA-svQOD-NS) was produced following recommended guidelines. It was then given to 50 healthy subjects and 50 patients (affected by either nasal polyposis or septal deviation), and results were compared to those of other widely used questionnaires. Test-retest reliability was assessed on a sample of 25 patients. All 50 patients repeated the questionnaires at one and nine months after surgery. The internal consistency of ITA-svQOD-NS measured with Cronbach α was excellent (α = 0.92). The intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was also optimal (0.93; 95%CI: 0.90–0.96). Concurrent validity tested with the Pearson coefficient was significant with all other tests administered; also, concerning responsiveness, statistically significant differences were obtained between pre- and post-operative conditions. ITA-svQOD-NS showed high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and significant correlation with all most-used clinical questionnaires; thus, it can be efficiently applied to assess olfaction-related QoL in the Italian population.
Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling
Authors: Cicek Betul , Genc Sidika , Yeni Yesim , Kuzucu Mehmet , Cetin Ahmet , Yildirim Serkan , Bolat Ismail , Kantarci Mecit , Hacimuftuoglu Ahmet , Lazopoulos Georgios , Tsatsakis Aristidis , Tsarouhas Konstantinos , Taghizadehghalehjoughi Ali
Published: December 2022

(1) Background: Various epidemiological studies suggest that oxidative stress and disrupted neuronal function are mechanistically linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and eventually, cell death such as NDs can be induced by nitrosamine-related compounds, leading to neurodegeneration. A limited number of studies have reported that exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN), which is commonly found in processed/preserved foods, causes biochemical abnormalities in the brain. Artichoke leaves have been used in traditional medicine as a beneficial source of bioactive components such as hydroxycinnamic acids, cynarine, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin). The aim of this study is to investigate the favorable effects of exogenous artichoke (Cynara scolymus) methanolic leaf extract supplementation in ameliorating DEN-induced deleterious effects in BALB/c mouse brains. (2) Methods: This study was designed to evaluate DEN (toxicity induction by 100 mg/kg) and artichoke (protective effects of 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg treatment) for 14 days. All groups underwent a locomotor activity test to evaluate motor activity. In brain tissue, oxidative stress indicators (TAC, TOS, and MDA), Klotho and PPARγ levels, and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were measured. Brain slices were also examined histopathologically. (3) Results: Artichoke effectively ameliorated DEN-induced toxicity with increasing artichoke dose. Impaired motor function and elevated oxidative stress markers (decreasing MDA and TOS levels and increasing TAC level) induced by DEN intoxication were markedly restored by high-dose artichoke treatment. Artichoke significantly improved the levels of Klotho and PPARγ, which are neuroprotective factors, in mouse brain tissue exposed to DEN. In addition, caspase-3 and Bax levels were reduced, whereas the Bcl-2 level was elevated with artichoke treatment. Furthermore, recovery was confirmed by histopathological analysis. (4) Conclusions: Artichoke exerted neuroprotective effects against DEN-induced brain toxicity by mitigating oxidant parameters and exerting antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Further research is needed to fully identify the favorable impact of artichoke supplementation on all aspects of DEN brain intoxication.
Pharmacogenetics of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and UGT2B7 in the Context of HIV Treatments in African Populations
Authors: Ford Graeme R. , Niehaus Antoinette , Joubert Fourie , Pepper Michael S.
Published: December 2022

Objectives: This study focuses on identifying variations in selected CYP genes related to treatment responses in patients with HIV in African populations by investigating variant characteristics and effects in African cohorts. Design: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6, 2B6, and Uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 allele frequencies were studied using public-domain datasets obtained from the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 project, the African Genome Variation Project (AGVP), and the South African Human Genome Programme (SAHGP). Methods: Variant annotations were performed using self-identified ethnicities to conduct allele frequency analysis in a population-stratification-sensitive manner. The NCBI DB-SNP database was used to identify documented variants and standard frequencies, and the E! Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor tool was used to perform the prediction of possible deleterious variants. Results: A total of 4468 variants were identified across 3676 individuals following pre-filtering. Seventy-one variants were identified at an allelic frequency (1% or more in at least one population), which were predicted to be linked to existing disease associations and, in some cases, linked to drug metabolisms. This list was further studied to identify 23 alleles with disease considerations found at significantly different frequencies in one or more populations. Conclusions: This study describes allele frequencies observed in African populations at significantly different frequencies relative to at least one other reference population and identifies a subset of variants of clinical interest. Despite the inclusion of mixed sequence coverage datasets, the variants identified pose notable avenues for future inquiries. A subset of variants of clinical interest with statistically significant inter-population frequency differences was identified for further inspection, which provides evidence of an African population-specific variant frequency profile. This study highlights the need for additional research and African genetics data given the presence of this unique frequency profile to better facilitate the genetic pre-screening of patients as a standard of practice in HIV care, particularly on the African continent where HIV is highly prevalent.
Clay Fraction Mineralogy and Structural Soil Attributes of Two Soil Classes under the Semi-Arid Climate of Brazil
Authors: Lopes Thaís Cristina de Souza , Portela Jeane Cruz , Batista Rafael Oliveira , Bandeira Diego José da Costa , Leite Isaque de Oliveira , Ramalho Luirla Bento , Gondim Joaquim Emanuel Fernandes , Costa Joseane Dunga da , Gurgel Marcelo Tavares , Souza Carolina Malala Martins , Silva Eulene Francisco da , Souza Edivan Rodrigues de , Oliveira Fábio Henrique Tavares de , Miranda Neyton de Oliveira , Sá Francisco Vanies da Silva
Published: December 2022

Mineralogical studies are incipient and necessary in the Apodi Plateau, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the interrelationship between the mineralogy of the clay fraction and its structural and chemical attributes and to differentiate two important pedo-environments in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil (Ferralsol and Cambisols of the Apodi Plateau-RN) using the multivariate technique. We evaluated the interrelationships between mineralogy and the structural and chemical attributes of the soil and differentiated between agroenvironments. We collected soil samples from six profiles in diagnostic horizons of the Ferralsols and Cambisols. In the mineralogical analysis of the clay fraction, X-Ray Diffraction was used to identify mineral peaks of clay and iron oxides. The physical and chemical properties of the soils were determined. The multivariate statistical technique was applied to process the data. The clay minerals identified were hematite, goethite, kaolinite, and illite. The principal component analysis allowed for the separation of environments according to soil density, Fed and Mg2+ for developed soils, and potassium, weighted average diameter, microporosity, total organic carbon, sodium, the sum of bases, calcium, total porosity, aeration, potential acidity, and Feo discriminated developing soils. This study revealed that the clay fraction influenced the structural attributes of the soil according to the degree of soil development. Two profiles presented atypical situations: High contents of crystallized iron in Cambisols and illite peaks in Ferralsolos. These mineralogical results are not commonly found in the literature, highlighting the potential for further studies. The answers concerning the mineralogy of semiarid soils in Brazil and the world show similarity.
Identification of Land Use Conflicts in Shandong Province from an Ecological Security Perspective
Authors: Dong Guanglong , Liu Zhonghao , Niu Yuanzhao , Jiang Wenya
Published: December 2022

Accurate identification of land use conflicts is an important prerequisite for the rational allocation of land resources and optimizing the production–living–ecological space pattern. Previous studies used suitability assessment and landscape pattern indices to identify land use conflicts. However, research on land use conflict identification from the perspective of ecological security is insufficient and not conducive to regional ecological, environmental protection, and sustainable development. Based on ecological security, this study takes Shandong Province as an example and comprehensively evaluates the importance of ecosystem service function and environmental sensitivity. It identifies the ecological source, and extracts ecological corridors with a minimum cumulative resistance model from which ecological security patterns are constructed. It identifies land use conflicts through spatial overlay analysis of arable land and construction land. The results show that: (1) Shandong Province has formed an ecological security pattern of “two ecological barriers, two belts, and eight cores” with an area of 15,987 km2. (2) The level of arable land–ecological space conflict is low, at 39.76%. The proportions of serious and moderate conflicts are 13.44% and 26.97%, respectively, distributed primarily on the Jiaodong Peninsula and the low hill areas of Ludong. (3) Construction land–ecological space conflict is reasonably stable and controllable, at 76.39%, occurring mainly around urban construction land, with serious and moderate conflict concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, mainly between rural settlements and ecologically safe space in the region. This study has important theoretical and practical reference values for identifying land use conflicts, protecting regional ecological security, and optimizing land use patterns.
The Relative Timing of Population Growth and Land Use Change—A Case Study of North Taiwan from 1990 to 2015
Authors: Shih Hsiao-Chien , Stow Douglas A. , Weeks John R. , Goulias Konstadinos G. , Carvalho Leila M. V.
Published: December 2022

Urban expansion is a form of land cover and land use change (LCLUC) that occurs globally, and population growth can be a driver of and be driven by LCLUC. Determining the cause–effect relationship is challenging because the temporal resolution of population data is limited by decadal censuses for most countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship and relative timing between population change and land use change based on a case study of northern Taiwan from 1990 to 2015. A unique dataset on population was acquired from annually-updated governmental-based population registers maintained at the district level, and land-use expansion data (Residential, Employment, and Transportation Corridor categories) were derived from dense time series of Landsat imagery. Linear regression was applied to understand the general relationship between population and land use and their changes. The strongest relationships were found between population and areal extent of Residential land use, and between population change and Residential areal change. Lagged correlation analysis was implemented for identifying the time lag between population growth and land use change. Most districts exhibited Residential and Employment expansion prior to population growth, especially for districts in the periphery of metropolitan areas. Conversely, the core of metropolitan areas exhibited population growth prior to Residential and Employment expansion. Residential and Employment expansion were deemed to be drivers of population change, so population change was modeled with ordinary least square and geographically weighted regression with Residential and Employment expansion in both synchronized and time lag manners. Estimated population growth was found to be the most accurate when geographic differences and time lags from urban land use expansion were both incorporated.
Assessing Impacts of Land Subsidence in Victoria County, Texas, Using Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Younas Muhammad , Khan Shuhab , Qasim Muhammad , Hamed Younes
Published: December 2022

Land subsidence is an ongoing problem negatively affecting Victoria County along the Gulf Coast. Groundwater withdrawal and hydrocarbon extraction in the County are some of the known factors behind this geological hazard. In this study, we have used geospatial analysis and a conceptual model to evaluate land subsidence. A significant decline in the groundwater level in this area was noted from 2006 to 2016. The decline in the water level correlates with the major drought events along the Gulf Coast reported in earlier studies. These results are further corroborated by the emerging hotspot analysis performed on the groundwater data. This analysis divides the study area into intensifying, sporadic, and persistent hotspots in the northwest region and intensifying, persistent coldspots in the southeast region of Victoria County. Hydrocarbon production data show high oil and gas extraction from 2017 to 2021. There are a higher number of hydrocarbon production wells in the central and southern regions of the County than elsewhere. The conceptual models relate these events and suggest the existence of subsidence in the County, through which the water and hydrocarbon reservoirs in the study area may lose their reservoir characteristics due to sediment compaction.
Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Prediction of Carbon Storage: An Integrated Framework Based on the MOP–PLUS–InVEST Model and an Applied Case Study in Hangzhou, East China
Authors: Li Yonghua , Yao Song , Jiang Hezhou , Wang Huarong , Ran Qinchuan , Gao Xinyun , Ding Xinyi , Ge Dandong
Published: December 2022

Land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) is an important factor affecting carbon storage. It is of great practical significance to quantify the relationship between LUCC and carbon storage for regional ecological protection and sustainable socio-economic development. In this study, we proposed an integrated framework based on multiobjective programming (MOP), the patch-level land-use simulation (PLUS) model, and the integrated valuation of ecosystem service and trade-offs (InVEST) model. First, we used the InVEST model to explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of carbon storage in Hangzhou from 2000 to 2020 using land-cover data. Second, we constructed four scenarios of natural development (ND), economic development (ED), ecological protection (EP), and balanced development (BD) using the Markov chain model and MOP, and then simulated the spatial distribution of land cover in 2030 with the PLUS model. Third, the InVEST model was used to predict carbon storage in 2030. Finally, we conducted a spatial correlation of Hangzhou’s carbon storage and delineated carbon storage zoning in Hangzhou. The results showed that: (1) The artificial surfaces grew significantly, while the cultivated land decreased significantly from 2000 to 2020. The overall trend was a decrease in carbon storage, and the changing areas of carbon storage were characterized by local aggregation and sporadic distribution. (2) The areas of artificial surfaces, water bodies, and shrubland will continue to increase up to 2030, while the areas of cultivated land and grassland will continue to decrease. The BD scenario can effectively achieve the multiple objectives of ecological protection and economic development. (3) The carbon storage will continue to decline up to 2030, and the EP scenario will have the highest carbon storage, which will effectively mitigate the carbon storage loss. (4) The spatial distribution of carbon storage in Hangzhou was inextricably linked to the land cover, which was characterized by a high–high concentration and a low–low concentration. The results of the study can provide decision support for the sustainable development of Hangzhou and other cities in the Yangtze River Delta region.