bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the relocation of earthquake clusters. A case history: The Arkansas earthquake swarm
Authors: Pujol José , Chiu Jer-Ming , Johnston Arch , Chin Byau-Heng
Published: July 2021

A portable digital network (the PANDA array) of 40 three-component stations with an aperture of about 35 km was deployed for 4 months in the Arkansas swarm area in 1987. Only 12 swarm events occurred during the deployment, in contrast to the intense seismic activity that characterized this region in 1982 to 1984. These events were relocated using a joint hypocentral determination technique (JHD). The JHD method used here allows for the simultaneous determination of P- and S-wave station corrections while providing information on the uniqueness of the solution based on the singular values of a matrix related to the station corrections. P-wave station corrections, determined when all nonzero singular values were used in the computations (or with the two smallest nonzero singular values deleted), show a circular pattern of positive values surrounded by negative values. The epicentral area is localized slightly displaced from the center of the pattern. Since positive and negative corrections correspond to velocities that are lower and higher, respectively, than the average, our results indicate that the swarm area is characterized by seismic velocities lower than those of its surroundings. Independent information on this region is afforded by reflection seismic lines recorded in the swarm area and its vicinity, which show that the hypocenters are located in a region where strong reflectors completely lose their coherence, indicating that this volume is anomalous when compared to surrounding crust. Additional support for a low-velocity zone comes from the results of a 3-D velocity inversion of the same PANDA data. A selected subset of data recorded digitally by the USGS in 1982 was also relocated. Comparison with the results from the PANDA data shows that the seismic activity did not migrate over a 5-yr period and that it is concentrated within a small volume between about 3 km and 6 km depth. While the results of this study do not determine the ultimate cause of the Arkansas swarm, the discovery of a pronounced localized low velocity zone is consistent with a previously proposed magmatic intrusion or a zone of highly fractured, fluid-filled crust.
Kiraz ve Nektarin Bahçelerinde Kiraz Sirkesineği, Drosophila suzukii’ nin Matsumura 1931 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Ergin Popülasyon Değişimi ve Zarar Oranının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ARIDICI KARA Pınar , ULUSOY Mehmet Rifat
Published: July 2021

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura 1931 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) meyvelerde ekonomik anlamda zararlara yol açan istilacı bir türdür. Bu çalışmada D.suzukii’nin Adana ve Mersin illerinde nektarin ve kiraz bahçelerinde ergin popülasyon değişimi ve zarar oranı belirlenmiş, ayrıca tercih ettiği meyve olgunluk dönemleri tespit edilmiştir. Adana ve Mersin illerinde 2017-2018 yıllarında, dörder adet nektarin ve kiraz bahçesinde yürütülen çalışmada elma sirkesi ile hazırlanan tuzaklar kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda D. suzukii popülasyonunun ilkbaharda meyvelere ben düşme (sarı olum) olarak nitelendirilen meyvelerin renk değiştirerek şekerlenmeye başladığı dönem ile hasat dönemi arasında ve sonbahar aylarında arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Zararlı erginlerinin yumurta bırakmak için meyvelerin pembe-kırmızı ve koyu kırmızı olgunluk dönemini tercih ettiği belirlenmiş, bununla birlikte zararın da bu dönemde meydana gelidiği tespit edilmiştir. Erkenci nektarin çeşitlerinde herhangi bir zarar tespit edilmezken, kirazlarda ilk yıl % 2 ve ikinci yıl % 62 oranında zarar tespit edilmiştir.
Removal of Heavy Metals in Water with Biosorbtion Method Using Different Biosorbents
Authors: BARAN Mehmet Fırat , DÜZ Mzahir , BARAN Ayşe , KESKİN Cumali , AKTEPE Necmettin
Published: July 2021

Water is an important part of the ecosystem for life. With industrialization, pollution in water resources has reached a worrying level. Water pollution due to heavy metals and their increasing concentrations have caused researchers to increase their interest in the subject due to the damage they cause to water ecosystems. It requires serious cost and time to eliminate the pollution caused by heavy metals in water. In recent years, the use of biosorption method using bacteria to remove heavy metals in water has become widespread. The main reason why this method is preferred is that gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer on the cell wall and increases the adsorption capacity. In this study, in drinking, waste, river water and artificially prepared samples, batch method of heavy metal biosorption and biosorption competition in multiple prepared heavy metal solutions were investigated. For these processes, Bacillus licheniformis sp. Bacillus subtilis sp. and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) strains were used as a biosorbent. Biosorbtion of Cd (II), Cu (II), Pb (II), Fe (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) metals from waters with these biosorbents at different pHs at 25 ° C with 0.25 mg L-1 It was carried out using. Surface morphological structures of biosorbents were evaluated using SEM images and element compositions were evaluated using EDAX profile. Element content was determined using ICP-OES. It was determined that heavy metal ions were removed up to 98% with maximum biosorption at pH 6.0.
Maneuvering Uncertainty: Scenario Planning in Belize
Authors: Castellani Francesca , Drenth Gerard , Gallardo Lourdes , Leslie Janelle , Martin Lucia , Rogers Cassandra , Ruiz-Arranz Marta , Valdez Eugenia , Vasquez Gian
Published: July 2021

The IDB has been experimenting with the Scenario Planning methodology since 2019 in order to challenge and innovate its approach to strategic planning, as well as to enhance the agility with which it anticipates and adapts for the delivery of its mission. Belize was identified as a prime candidate that would benefit from testing and deployment of the Strategic Planning Exercise. This methodology will complement the preparation cycle work of the Country Strategy of the IDB with Belize for the period 2022-2026. It is also expected to challenge the traditional process by exploring uncertainty in the contextual environment, but more specifically, by considering those factors which may influence the IDBs work, but which are out of IDBs control. This paper presents two Scenarios for Belize's future towards 2030, as well as the process involved in developing these scenarios. The scenarios are dissected to identify their most salient themes and are followed by a discussion of potential implications, should the scenarios materialize. Also considered are steps the country may introduce presently in order to be better prepared for potential challenges and how the IDB, through the Country Office, may support building Belize's resilience for such scenarios.
Transport Electrification: Regulatory Guidelines for the Development of Charging Infrastructure
Authors: González-Salas Alberto , Murcia Pascual Paula , Alvarez Alonso Oliverio , De Muguerza Enrique , Madrigal Marcelino
Published: July 2021

This monograph aims to provide a guideline regarding the development of an electric mobility charging infrastructure ecosystem and the necessary actions to be taken by policy makers to promote its deployment. Governments and public authorities play a key role in the deployment of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, through the development of mechanisms and tools to enable and facilitate stakeholders involvement. An adequate deployment of the charging infrastructure network is required in order to ensure that electric mobility targets and goals are achieved. The development and evolution of electric mobility penetration will drive to an increasing complexity on the development of the necessary measures to ensure an adequate and interoperable charging infrastructure deployment, whilst in early stages of electric mobility penetration, simple measures and actions by policymakers can make a significant impact on charging accessibility and deployment.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Pain and Coping Strategies in School Teachers
Authors: Murugan Saravanan , Saravanan Prerana , Avaiya Disha , Bawa Ibrahim , Shah Charmi , Vaghasiya Ekta
Published: July 2021

Introduction: School teachers have high prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders which decrease productivity at work due to sick leave and absenteeism. In India, more traditional methods of teaching are used as compared to other countries, and this difference encouraged us to determine prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, risk factors and coping strategies adopted by teachers. Methods: A self-administered Questionnaire was distributed to 810 particcipants. 567 responses were received out of which 30 questionnaires were incomplete. The self-administered Questionnaire included 31 questions under 5 categories: General Profile, Occupational profile, Health/Musculoskeletal pain profile, Perceived risk factors and Coping Strategies. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, frequency were calculated for continuous and categorical variables respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of musculoskeletal symptoms with demograpic factors and working conditions. Results: 112 (20.9%) reported having musculoskeletal pain. Low back (48.2%) was commonly affected. 50.9% had chronic pain and 71.4% reported pain interfered with occupational routine. 48.2% reported with sleep disturbances. Commonly percieved factor was standing for prolonged periods (76.8%). Risk factor analysis using logistic regression model on cause of pain showed statistical significance (χ2 (27)=77.169, p<0.005). Females were 3.952 times more likely to exhibit pain than males (OR 3.952, 95% CI 1.694- 9.217). Commonly reported coping strategy was visiting a Physiotherapist (44.6%). While 33% coped up with pain using prescribed analgesics, none of them opted to rest. Despite high prevalence and severity, only 17% had frequented absenteism to work by taking sick leave. Discussion: Prevalence rate of musculoskeletal pain was found to be higher among school teachers as per the results of this present study. Prevalence and risk factor perceptions of school teachers as reported in this study can be of significance in understanding and addressing these factors and appropriate measures to prevent and overcome them can be devised based on these results. Since the risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms can be multifactorial in nature, the results of this present study need to be correlated with all possible mechanisms related to this population and further studies to determine the effectiveness of appropriate ergonomic modifications should be taken into consideration.
In Vivo Phytotherapy in BALB/c Athymic Nude Mice: Hair Growth Promotion using Ficus religiosa L. and Morus alba L.
Authors: Joshi Pramod S. , Patil Yogesh B. , Nagarkar Bhagyashri , Paul Tania S. , Apte Kishori G.
Published: July 2021

Ficus religiosa L. (FR) and Morus alba L. (ML) belonging to the family Moraceae have been tested as novel herbal agents for hair growth promotion and Hair Follicles (HFs) regeneration in BALB/c athymic nude mouse model. Current study tested different mixtures of 5% aqueous fractions: Test 1 (ML2+ML3+ML4+FR4), Test 2 (FR1+FR2+FR4), or Test 3 (ML2+ML3+ML4+FR1+FR2+FR4) from leaves of both plants including standard of care 2% minoxidil. Control mice were untreated. Animals were treated for 33 days by topical application on the back skin and changes in hair growth patterns were evaluated. Histology was performed to assess the HFs morphology, and modulation of hair cycle phases. Gene expression analysis was performed to understand potential mechanisms of action. All treatment groups had significantly higher anagen phase HFs compared with untreated control group based on histology analysis. Also, expressions of CD34, CD200R and Oct4 genes were upregulated in all treatment groups compared with untreated control. Present study demonstrated that a combinatorial therapy using either fractions of FR or FR and ML promoted hair growth and HFs regeneration through induction of anagen phase in conjunction with stem cells associated genes upregulation in BALB/c athymic nude mouse model of hair loss.
HOW IMPORTANT IS A SCHOOL? EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF REMOTENESS FROM A SCHOOL ON CANADIAN COMMUNITIES’ ATTRACTION AND RETENTION OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
Authors: Foster Karen , Bollman Ray , Main Hannah
Published: July 2021

Many Canadian communities, especially rural communities, are concerned about youth outmigration as a cause of population decline, which is associated with fewer services and amenities. Proponents of keeping underattended schools open argue that removing a school from the community means that fewer families will want to live there, and that more families will consider leaving. Others view school closures as a rational response to population decline. Still other perspectives complicate the correlation between schools and population, noting phenomena such as children “learning to leave” and “place attachment” that modulate the temptation to move away. This paper offers an empirical test of discursive connections between school closures and mobilities by studying the population change of school-age children in Canadian census subdivisions indexed by distance to the nearest school. Based on this method, we conclude that there is a positive correlation between the school-age population in a community and proximity to a school in that community. Although our data do not answer the question of whether school closures cause population decline, or such a decline causes school closures, or both, we provide a quantitative foundation on which to ask it.
“(IM)MOBILE PRECARITY” AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR
Authors: Power Nicole
Published: July 2021

Mobility for work and education among young people has been a key feature of contemporary life. Drawing on focus groups with youth living in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as key informant interviews with people who work for community-based organizations that serve youth, I examine the relationship between young people’s employment- and education-related geographical mobilities and precarity. I draw on recent insights from scholars examining precarity as grounded in both labouring conditions and ontological experience. In foregrounding the experiences and subjectivities of poor and working-class youth, I show how the structure of youth labour markets and of education and training cheapens youth labour, with implications for youth’s capacity for independence. In a context of broader regimes of mobility associated with resource extraction, young people without formal qualifications live precarious lives: they move from job to job and place to place, and rely on family and friends to support their housing and other needs. In this context of uncertainty and labour market volatility, youth expressed disorientation regarding decisions about work, education, and mobility, reflecting the high stakes of not making the “right” choice, and developed a pragmatic approach to work as a way to make a living rather than a pathway to a meaningful life. I conclude by situating these findings as a critique not just of precarity but of capitalist economic arrangements more broadly, with implications for the kinds of solutions that can address structural class inequalities.
Making Kin With Plastic Through Aesthetic Experimentation
Authors: Penfold Louisa Kate , Odegard Nina
Published: July 2021

Recent scholarship in childhood studies has raised concerns about humancentric, singular discourses regarding human-plastic relations. As a result, questions of how to develop new forms of learning with materials in environmental education are now an important issue for researchers, educators, and policymakers. This paper activates a feminist new materialist ontology to position plastic as an active participant in the formation of knowledge. Drawing on visual imagery of children’s and artists’ aesthetic experimentations, we explore the intra-related and complex relationship between plastic, children, and the planet. Haraway’s concept of making kin is operationalized to highlight plastic’s multidimensional complexities as both a destructive and creative force, producing a novel framework for understanding and learning with plastic in early childhood education.
What is a Child? Exploring Conceptualization of Pakistani Adolescents About Children
Authors: Qamar Azher Hameed
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to investigate the responses of university students (late adolescents) about their conceptualization of a child, exploring the characteristics they associate with being a child. The study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, responses to one open-ended question, what is a child? (N=75), were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. In phase 2, students (N=90) filled in an online closed-ended survey that was derived from the subthemes that emerged from the qualitative data collected in phase 1. Findings revealed multiple interconnected aspects of the conceptualization of the child, making it a complex whole. This study is helpful for understanding the concept of the child grounded in various theoretical and mythological categories that portray the complexities of existing dichotomies that often come up as interconnected in traditional societies.
Histoultramicroscopic Investigation of the Rats’ Thymus (Experimental Data)
Authors: PRYKHODKO Olha , DMYTRUK Serhii , AVİLOVA Olga , KUBİKOVA Eliska , BUMEİSTER Valentyna , YARMOLENKO Olha , GORDİENKO Olena
Published: July 2021

Aim: The research paper presents the characteristic of cytoarchitectonics of the thymus of intact white mature male laboratory rats. Topicality of the study is due to the need to clarify the data on the contribution of each type of thymus cells in the formation of its structure. The aim of the research was to determine the specifics of localization and ultramicroscopic structure of thymus cells in male mature Wistar laboratory rats.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted using histological and ultramicroscopic methods on 10 mature male laboratory rats, weighing 130-150 g. Semi-thin (0.5-1 μm) and ultrathin (0.05-0.2 μm) sections were made on a microtome UMTP-4 (Ukraine), which were stained with 1% methylene blue solution with the addition of 1% sodium tetraborate solution. Histological analysis and photographic recording were performed using Olympus light microscope (Japan) and DSM 510 camcorder with magnification in 1000 times.
Results: With a detailed study of the semi-thin and ultrathin sections in the thymus lobules the specifics of localization and ultramicroscopic structure of thymus cells were clearly identified. The features of localization and ultramicroscopic structure of epithelial, mesenchymal, vascular and hematopoietic thymus cells were determined from the point of view of their functional loads and interactions.
Conclusion: The described structural peculiarities of the components of the thymus and their relative location in different zones reflect significant organ polymorphism, which must be taken into account in order to achieve the required level of objectivity in the result evaluation of simulated biomedical experiments.
Tourism: A Fuzzy Concept?
Authors: Dewailly Jean-Michel
Published: July 2021

The author has observed that books and publications about tourism usually need to begin by defining the concept, and that each definition given is slightly different from the next. From this observation, the author assumes that although tourism is a fuzzy concept a definition is nevertheless necessary. The WTO definition actually seems the ‘least appropriate’, but can - even must - be adapted according to research circumstances. Recognizing the fuzzy nature of tourism seems firstly to correspond to a general trend in academic research, secondly to satisfy the need for professionals and scholars to have only a single common definition, thirdly to allow the inclusion of new practices and products which mix business and pleasure, and fourthly to allow consideration of the human dimension of tourism, which in turn implies a more humanistic approach.
The Development of the Geography of Tourism in Poland in the 20th Century
Authors: Dziegieć Elżbieta , Liszewski Stanisław
Published: July 2021

The aim of this review is to present the development of the Polish geography of tourism, particularly its main research areas and greatest academic achievements of the last 70 years. In order to delimit the development stages, official dates have been presumed dividing the period into four sections: before World War II, 1945-1970, 1970-1990 and after 1990. The authors have taken into account the significant political, economic and social changes which have affected tourism in Poland, as well as its academic research. They also referred to books and academic journals about tourism, as well as all the habilitation theses on the geography of tourism that have appeared.
The World System of Pilgrimage Centres
Authors: Jackowski Antoni , Ptaszycka-Jackowska Danuta , Sołjan Izabela
Published: July 2021

The discussion focuses on the notion of the world system of pilgrimage centres and the phenomenon of pilgrimage in the contemporary world. The authors emphasize the correlations among the centres, resulting from both their spatial and functional structure. The most significant pilgrimage centres in individual religions have been mentioned, with particular consideration of the Christian ones. Towards the end of the article, the main development trends in pilgrimage migrations and destinations have been outlined.
ВЛИЯНИЕ УЛЬТРАДИСПЕРСНЫХ КОРМОВЫХ ДОБАВОК, ПРОБИОТИЧЕСКИХ ШТАММОВ И ИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ЭССЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ В ОРГАНИЗМЕ КАРПА
Authors:   Оренбургский государственный университет, Аринжанов А.Е. , Мирошникова Е.П. ,   Оренбургский государственный университет, Сизенцов А.Н. ,   Оренбургский государственный университет, Килякова Ю.В. ,   Оренбургский государственный университет
Published: July 2021

В последнее время возрастает интерес к альтернативным кормовым добавкам, таким как биологически активные вещества и ультрадисперсные частицы эссенциальных элементов. Представлены данные сравнительного анализа степени влияния пробиотического штамма B. subtilis ВКПМ В-10641, УДЧ Сu+Zn и их комбинированного действия на рост и элементный статус карпа. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о положительной динамике на фоне применения исследуемых добавок как для повышения продуктивности рыб, так и распределения эссенциальных элементов. Наиболее перспективным является использование комбинации исследуемых стимуляторов роста (пробиотический препарат и УДЧ Сu+Zn) с позиции повышения живой массы и увеличения ключевых эссенциальных элементов в организме рыб.
МЕТАБОЛИЗМ НИКЕЛЯ В ТКАНЯХ ГИДРОБИОНТОВ НА ФОНЕ ПРИСУТСТВИЯ В ВОДНОЙ СРЕДЕ НИКЕЛЬСОДЕРЖАЩИХ НАНОЧАСТИЦ
Authors:   Оренбургский государственный университет, Аринжанов А.Е. , Мирошникова Е.П. ,   Оренбургский государственный университет, Килякова Ю.В. ,   Оренбургский государственный университет
Published: July 2021

Изучена особенность метаболизма никеля в тканях Daniorerio и Limnea stagnalis в присутствии в водной среде никельсодержащих наночастиц: Ni размером 70 нм при дозировке 1,0 мг/дм3 и NiO размером 94 нм при дозировке 1,3 мг/дм3. Установлена высокая биодоступность никеля в наноформе и как следствие увеличение содержания никеляна 7-е сутки экспозиции в тканях Daniorerio в 9,5 раза и 2 раза, в тканях Limnea stagnalis в 8,6 раза и в 15 раз на фоне присутствия в водной среде наночастиц NiO и Ni соответственно. При дальнейшем увеличении экспозиции в тканях Daniorerio зафиксировано снижение уровня никеля до контрольных значений, что обусловлено активизацией системы гомеостаза рыб и способностью организма адаптироваться к действию наночастиц и выводить их из организма, в отличие от Limnea stagnalis.
El rigor científico en investigación. Consideraciones desde el área de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura.
Authors: Guillén Díaz Carmen , Sanz Trigueros Francisco Javier
Published: July 2021

Ante las lógicas que marcan los discursos sobre la calidad que debe presidir toda investigación científica, con este artículo se pretende contribuir a confirmar la cientificidad del conocimiento generado en torno al objeto de estudio propio del área de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura (DLL). Se analiza en fuentes expertas las determinaciones para contemplar la investigación propia de esta área, la noción de calidad científica y los criterios para evaluarla. Especificados éstos en torno a los paradigmas cualitativo y cuantitativo, revelan una prioritaria pormenorización de los relativos al paradigma cualitativo, y una noción recurrente: el rigor científico. Estimando necesario superar esa polaridad, se propone el rigor científico como macro-criterio, con indicadores comparables entre paradigmas y ámbitos de conocimiento. Por su consenso para trabajos conjuntos de evaluación, pasaría consecuentemente a formar parte de la cultura científica de DLL y de la formación profesionalizadora –inicial y continua– a la investigación.
Aportaciones de la investigación sobre actos comunicativos a la superación de la violencia de género.
Authors: Flecha García Ramón , López de Aguileta Garazi
Published: July 2021

El lenguaje juega un papel fundamental en la construcción de la realidad social. Teorías e investigaciones sobre actos de habla e interacción social han hecho grandes aportaciones al análisis de cómo hacemos cosas con palabras y el impacto así generado en la construcción de las relaciones. Sin embargo, nuevas conquistas sociales como los necesarios avances en el análisis del consentimiento planteado por movimientos como el “me too” exigen investigaciones que aborden el conjunto de elementos presentes en los actos comunicativos y no solo en el lenguaje verbal. Gestos, tonalidades o contextos sociales pueden contribuir a que unas mismas palabras o unos mismos silencios formen parte de acosos o de relaciones libres. En este artículo presentamos una aportación reciente de la investigación sobre el consentimiento: la diferencia entre actos comunicativos de poder, que favorecen acoso sexual y violencia de género, y actos comunicativos dialógicos, que promueven relaciones libres de violencia.
Prácticas discursivas y literarias de los jóvenes en la Red.
Authors: Torrego González Alba
Published: July 2021

El uso de las TIC y la participación adolescente en entornos digitales crea discursos multimodales, que pueden, incluso, contribuir a generar aprendizajes lingüísticos y literarios fuera del aula. Estas interacciones en contextos mediáticos giran con frecuencia en torno a la cultura popular de masas, que queda fuera de los curricula escolares pues ha sido relegada al ámbito del ocio. Desde la Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura debemos estudiar estas prácticas letradas multimodales para contribuir a que el alumnado sea un emisor y receptor crítico en la Red. Para ello, analizamos las prácticas adolescentes relacionadas con la lengua y la literatura en entornos virtuales y sus implicaciones en el aprendizaje. Finalizamos señalando la necesidad de incluir la alfabetización mediática crítica, dentro de las multialfabetizaciones, que capacite para el consumo crítico de cultura popular de masas y que permita al alumnado para la participación en la sociedad digital.
Análisis legal, científico y educativo del uso de la docencia compartida en la etapa de Educación Secundaria en Canarias
Authors: Carrillo López Pedro José , García Perujo María
Published: July 2021

La educación inclusiva es un derecho legal que ninguna institución –ni profesorado- debe cuestionar o ignorar. Ante esta situación, la docencia compartida se ha ubicado como una estrategia metodológica que puede contribuir a conseguir realmente este derecho. Por ello, el objetivo del manuscrito fue analizar a nivel legal, científico y educativo el uso de la docencia compartida en la etapa de Educación Secundaria en la comunidad autónoma de Canarias. En síntesis se podría decir que la docencia compartida se encuentra bajo el amparo del marco legal nacional y autonómico. A nivel científico, la docencia compartida ofrece una respuesta a las necesidades educativas que presenta el alumnado. A nivel educativo, en la comunidad autónoma de Canarias se cuenta con varios programas desarrollados por la Consejería de Educación en los que la docencia compartida adquiere un rol protagonista para llevarlos a cabo de forma satisfactoria.
THE COMPARISON OF CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION TOWARDS SEMEN ANALYSIS IN ANDROLOGY POLYCLINIC OF DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA IN 2017
Authors: Eka Saputra Yohanes Widyakusuma , Wigati Kristanti Wanito , Yudiwati Rina , Tirthaningsih Ni Wajan
Published: July 2021

Background: The habit of smoking tobacco is a lifestyle that has become a necessity for some people. Sometimes, social needs is the main reason for someone to have a smoking habit. Based on this problem, the level of cigarette consumption in the community has increased. Nowadays, the total number of couples visiting an infertility clinic is on the rise. This have led to an assumption among the community that smoking tobacco is one of the main factors causing male infertility. Objective: to compare light smokers and heavy smokers towards the results of semen analysis in infertile male patients. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational analytics, with a retrospective-cross sectional. The instrument used in this study was taken from medical records of the patients who visited the Andrology Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, for the period from January to December 2017. The observed semen analysis parameters were concentration, motility, and morphology for microscopic examination and liquefaction, pH, and volume for macroscopic examination, by following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Ninety-two samples of infertile male participants (50 light smokers and 42 heavy smokers) were included in this study. Semen analysis on its concentration, motility, spermatozoa morphology, as well as liquefaction, pH, and volume) towards the number of cigarette consumption showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between light smokers and moderate smokers. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the light smoker and heavy smoker groups on the results of the semen analysis.
PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION IN FIRST-YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA, SURABAYA, INDONESIA
Authors: Arini Izzah Dina , Yitnamurti Suksmi , Rehatta Nancy Margarita
Published: July 2021

Background: Depression is a mental disorder with a relatively high prevalence rate in medical students around the world. Medical students are often faced with a variety of pressures ranging from academic to social stress so that the prevalence of depression in medical students tends to be higher than general population. Objective: to find the prevalence of depression in medical students at Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study of first-year medical students at Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia in the academic year of 2017/2018. The data collection was carried out using Beck Depression Inventory II questionnaires as a measurement instrument and was analyzed by SPSS 16.0. Results: From 86 samples obtained from first-year students, 37.20% of them experienced mental conditions that were considered abnormal (mean score of 10.14 ± 7.093), starting from mild mood disturbance (23.26%) to the most severe category, severe depression (1.16%). There was no extreme depression category in this study. Furthermore, mean score of male subjects is 8.57 ± 6.120 while mean score of female subjects is 10.64 ± 7.351. Conclusion: This study revealed that the prevalence of depression in first-year medical students at Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia in the second semester of academic year 2017/2018 was quite high, which was more than one third of the total respondents, while the prevalence in female subjects was higher than in male subjects.
CLINICAL PROFILE AND INCIDENCE OF INFECTION IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS AT MEDICAL INPATIENT INSTALLATION, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA IN 2016
Authors: Trilistyoati Desy , Agustina Betty , Awalia Awalia
Published: July 2021

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with unknown aetiology. SLE attacks multiple organs with diverse clinical manifestations. Most patients get immunosuppressant therapy that suppresses immune system, causing the body to be susceptible to infection. Objective: to describe clinical manifestations, laboratory abnormalities, and incidence of infections in SLE patients hospitalized at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia in 2016. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study used medical records of 273 SLE patients hospitalized at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia in 2016. Results: Clinical manifestations found in this study were malar rash 7.33%, discoid rash 2.93%, oral ulcer 8.42%, allopecia 16.48%, arthritis 26.74%, serositis 13.19%, kidney 35.9%, neurology 24.91%, anemia 73.71%, leucopenia 32.67%, lymphopenia 76.89%, and thrombocytopenia 33.86%. Laboratory abnormalities found in this study were hematology (anemia 73.71%, leucopenia 32.67%, lymphopenia 76.89%, thrombocytopenia 33.86%), kidney function (high serum creatinine levels 39.66%, high BUN levels 41.2%, hypoalbuminemia 62.6%), urine (proteinuria 68.21%, hematuria 51.79%) and liver function (high ALT levels 36.65%, high AST levels 29.86%). Infection occurred in 33.7% patients. The most common infections were pneumonia (70.65%), urinary tract infections (51.09%), and sepsis (35.87%). Conclusion: The most common clinical manifestations experienced by SLE patients are hematological disorder, kidney disorder, and arthritis. Prominent laboratory abnormalities are anemia, lymphopenia, and proteinuria. Infection is a common complication, with the most common types pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and sepsis.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Trichokompos untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Tanaman di Desa Banua Supanggal
Authors: Mariana Mariana , Budi Ismed Setya , Marsuni Yusriadi , Pramudi Muhammad Indar , Salamiah Salamiah , Fachruzi Ismed
Published: July 2021

Upaya pengendalian penyakit tanaman sampai saat ini oleh petani di desa Banua Supanggal Kecamatan Pandawa masih bertumpu pada penggunaan pestisida sintetik. Akibatnya jumlah konsumsi penggunaan pestisida terus meningkat.  Alternatif pengendalian yang aman dan ramah lingkungan  adalah penggunaan agensia hayati spesifik lokasi. Sudah banyak hasil penelitian yang membuktikan bahwa penggunaan Trichokompos efektif untuk pengendalian penyakit tanaman pertanian, dan perlu disosialisasikan ke petani di desa. Pengendalian hayati menggunakan Trichokompos  hasil dari campuran jamur antagonis Trichoderma sp spesifik lokasi dengan kotoran ternak sebagai media formulasi perbanyakan masih belum dikenal petani di desa Banua Supanggal. Kegiatan ini diawali pertemuan diskusi dengan ketua kelompok tani untuk melihat permasalahan di pertanaman petani dan dilanjutkan pengamatan penyakit utama yang ada. Tahap kedua penyuluhan kepada anggota kelompok tani dan dilanjutkan dengan praktek pembuatan Trichokompos. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan petani sangat antusias mengikuti semua kegiatan mulai pembuatan sampai aplikasi di lahan. Pada kegiatan pendampingan lanjutan sudah menunjukkan petani mempraktekkan cara pembuatan di kelompok masing-masing. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi sudah membuktikan bahwa  Trichokompos sudah berhasil diproduksi oleh petani secara mandiri.
The impact of prep class education on effective English requestive e-mails written by students in Turkey
Authors: Bacak Begum
Published: July 2021

For the past years, cross-cultural and interlanguage pragmatics have focused on native and non-native speech act descriptions, and only a small number of studies have investigated the preparatory class effect involved in speech act productions. To bridge the gap, this study aims to investigate the degree of directness and amount of lexical / phrasal internal and external modifications of requestive e-mails employed by 25 first grade students of English Language and Literature department with preparatory education and 25 first grade students of English Language and Literature department without preparatory education in their in a state university. It also aims to explore whether there is a difference between two groups according to the degree of imposition while making requests. The participants were given discourse completion tests in e-mail format including two different situations with low and high imposition levels and asked to write two requestive e-mails to their non-native professor. The e-mails were analyzed and classified based on Economidou-Kogetsidis’s (2011) framework which relies on Blum- Kulka et al. (1989) and Biesenbach-Lucas (2006, 2007). Based on the percentages and frequencies, the students with preparatory class education were compared to the students without preparatory class education, with respect to their usage of request strategies, lexical/phrasal internal modification and external modification. The results indicated that these two groups had both similarities and differences with respect to the degree of directness, the amount of internal and external modifications. Turkish ELL learners with and without prep class education employed more direct strategies in both situations. However, the group without prep class education employed more conventionally indirect strategies than the group with prep class education. None of the participants used non-conventionally indirect strategies. The group with prep class education used more internal modification than the group without prep class education. The most common internal modification was the consultative device in both groups. As for external modification, the group with prep class education utilized more supportive moves than the group without prep class education. Grounder was the most preferred supportive move by both groups.
 
Keywords: Turkish ELL learners; requestive e-mails; academic e-mails; directness.
Representations of source culture and target one in EFL coursebooks (on the basis of content analysis of “English File”)
Authors: Narlu Gülşah
Published: July 2021

As an international language, English has gained more importance in international contexts to convey cultural messages. Hence, being proficient in the English language does not only require learners to be competent in the forms and functions of the language, but they also need to consider sociocultural values. In this regard, it is significant to be aware of the differences and similarities between the source culture and target cultures to build cultural awareness and have intercultural communicative competence. Being one of the most used teaching materials, coursebooks play a crucial role to develop intercultural communicative competence by introducing various cultures. Due to the importance of coursebooks in terms of representation of cultures, this study aims to examine the frequency of appearances of source culture, target culture, and international target cultures in reading texts of “English File Elementary” and “English File Pre-Intermediate” prepared by Latham-Koenig, Oxenden, Lambert, and Seligson (2019) and identify the topics through Byram’s criteria (1993). Employing content analysis method and mixed-methods, the study revealed that the representation of source culture is highly neglected while the target culture is frequently represented in the reading texts. Also, it was concluded that concepts and activities related to social life in various cultures is the most introduced topic in the reading texts.
Keywords: intercultural communicative competence; coursebook content analisys; cultural representation; Byram’s criteria for coursebook evaluation; source culture; target culture.
Peculiarities of the English environmental protection terminology
Authors: Usyk Galyna , Kuzmina Valeriia
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the English terms in the sphere of environmental protection. With the development of ecology as a science and the need for environmental protection, the study of the structure, semantics, and pragmatics of environmental terminology require constant study. The aim of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the English terminology of environmental protection. The study was carried out in 2 stages. During the first stage, the reasons for the formation of terminology of environmental protection, stages of its development, and the main features of the term were presented. It was found that the large-scale study of the environmental problems resulted in the need for deeper analysis of the English-language terminology in the sphere of environmental protection. During the second stage, 349 English-language terms from the environmental protection sphere were analyzed and classified according to their main types, 11 thematic groups that cover lexical-thematic groups, and antonymous relations of the environmental protection terminology were presented. It was found that English-language terminological units of environmental protection have negative prefixes: un-, dis-, il-, -non-, -de, -in. More often the terms are formed from the prefixes -non- and un-. The least terms are formed with the help of prefixes im- and anti-. According to the structure English terminology of environmental protection includes simple, derivative, complex, and multi-component terms. The research material was the English dictionary of environmental protection Collin P. H.and the Ukrainian-Russian-English Dictionary of Ecology and Nature Protection by E. Voronova. 
Keywords: English terminology of environmental protection; antonymous relations; the environment; environmental protection; ecology.
The phenomenon of conservative-perturbed equilibrium in conditions different reactors
Authors: Trishch Vitaliy , Beznosyk Yurii , Yablonsky Gregory , Constales Denis
Published: July 2021

Finding the optimal mode is a conceptual problem. The most important indicator that reflects the perfection of a chemical reactor is the intensity of the process in it.

The phenomenon of conservatively perturbed-equilibrium (CPE) in the conditions of different types of reactors (in acyclic and cyclic systems) was studied: the ideal displacement reactor ("steady-state plug flow reactor, PFR") and the ideal mixing reactor ("steady-state continuous stirred tank reactor, CSTR").

For the acyclic reaction, the time of extremum onset was less in CSTR by ≈2.1%, but the concentration of substance B in the extremum in PFR was greater by ≈17.2% than in CSTR. For the cyclic reaction, the time of extremum onset was less in CSTR by ≈5.6%, but the concentration of substance B in the extremum in PFR was greater by ≈11.6% than in CSTR. For the acyclic and cyclic reaction in PFR, the time of occurrence of the extremum of the cyclic reaction was lower by ≈44.2% than in the acyclic, but the concentration of substance B in the extremum of the acyclic reaction was greater by ≈24.8% than in the cyclic reaction. For the acyclic and cyclic reaction in CSTR, the time of occurrence of the extremum of the cyclic reaction was lower by ≈46.2% than in the acyclic, but the concentration of substance B in the extremum in the acyclic reaction was greater by ≈18.9% than in the cyclic reaction. The cyclic system showed a shorter time for the onset of the extremum, but the acyclic reaction system showed a higher concentration of substance B at the extremum in PFR and CSTR. Although the time of extremum onset was the lowest in CSTR in the cyclic system, the concentration of substance B in the extremum was highest in the PFR in the acyclic system. Therefore (from our systems and reactors) the acyclic system in PFR shows the best characteristics.

The extremum in transient modes is always observed for acyclic and cyclic complex reactions in both reactors, both in PFR and in CSTR. The phenomenon of conservatively perturbed-equilibrium is manifested in both PFR and CSTR. With the same rate constants, the acyclic system in PFR is characterized by higher values of "over equilibrium" conversion than the acyclic system in CSTR. Similarly, with the same rate constants, the cyclic system in PFR is characterized by higher values of "over equilibrium" conversion than the cyclic system in CSTR.

The time of extremum onset is less in CSTR. This is true for acyclic and cyclic systems.

The greater the difference between the initial concentrations of the two substances, the greater the "over equilibrium" concentration of the third substance, the initial concentration of which was equilibrium.

At our values of kinetic parameters, the sensitivity of the time of occurrence of the extremum of the same reaction in different reactors (PFR and CSTR) is small (up to ≈5.6%), and at different reactions (acyclic and cyclic), but in one type of reactor (PFR or CSTR) - significant, reaching ≈46.2%.
Incorporation of Fluid Compressibility into the Calculation of the Stationary Mode of Operation of a Hydraulic Device at High Fluid Pressures
Authors:   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Tenenev V. A. ,   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Raeder T. ,   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Chernova A. A.
Published: July 2021

This paper is concerned with assessing the correctness of applying various mathematical models for the calculation of the hydroshock phenomena in technical devices for modes close to critical parameters of the fluid. We study the applicability limits of the equation of state for an incompressible fluid (the assumption of constancy of the medium density) to the simulation of processes of the safety valve operation for high values of pressures in the valve. We present a scheme for adapting the numerical method of S. K. Godunov for calculation of flows of incompressible fluids. A generalization of the method for the Mie – Grüneisen equation of state is made using an algorithm of local approximation. A detailed validation and verification of the developed numerical method is provided, and relevant schemes and algorithms are given. Modeling of the hydroshock phenomenon under the valve actuation within the incompressible fluid model is carried out by the openFoam software. The comparison of the results for the weakly compressible