bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro/Nano‐Structured Metal–Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Coatings on Biodegradable Zn for Osteogenic and Biocompatible Improvement
Authors: Qian Junyu , Chen Yingqi , Zhang Wentai , Mo Xiaoshan , Zou Dan , Soliman Hanaa , Zhou Chao , Huang Nan , Sang Hongxun , Zeng Hui , Zhang Haijun , Wan Guojiang
Published: January 2022

Biodegradable Zn‐based metals have recently gained great attention for orthopedic implant applications, due to their attractive attributes in biodegradability, mechanics, and bio‐functionalities. However, Zn‐based metals suffer from excessive Zn2+ release leading to bio‐incompatibility and insufficient osteogenic properties. Herein, bioactive molecules incorporated zinc phosphate (ZnP) of metal–organic/inorganic hybrid coatings are constructed on Zn surfaces by dip‐coating, targeting a decrease in Zn2+ release rate and an improvement in biocompatible and osteogenic properties. The bioactive molecules, cysteine, phenylalanine, and bovine serum albumin, are incorporated into inorganic ZnP using a metal–organic/inorganic coordination strategy. As a result, these hybrid coatings are compact, and present different micro/nanostructured surface morphology. The electrochemical and long‐term static immersion results show that the hybrid coatings decrease the corrosion rate of Zn, reduce the Zn2+ ion release rate, and promote hydroxyapatite deposition. In addition, they promote the proliferation and adhesion of preosteoblast MC3T3‐E1 and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and up‐regulate the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes. Such appealing properties can be attributed to the characteristic micro/nanostructured surface morphologies and the presence of the bioactive components. These metal–organic/inorganic hybrid coatings provide a novel avenue to modify the surface of Zn‐based metals for orthopedic implant applications.
Manipulating Active Sites of 2D Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets with Fluorescent Materials for Enhanced Colorimetric and Fluorescent Ammonia Sensing
Authors: Wong Danny , Phani Arindam , Homayoonnia Setareh , Park Simon S. , Kim Seonghwan , Abuzalat Osama
Published: January 2022

2D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer high surface area and unique accessibility to active adsorption sites making them appealing for gas sensing applications. 2D MOFs‐based sensors are gaining traction for detecting hazardous flu‐gases such as ammonia selectively at low concentrations. Fluorescent and colorimetric sensing are promising techniques offering high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response in simple applications. In this work, Zn‐BTC is synthesized as 2D‐MOFs nanosheet with approximate thickness of 2.52 nm via a fast, facile, direct synthesis technique. The introduction of 8‐hydroxyquinoline during synthesis forms fluorescent compounds with zinc (ZnQ) which is encapsulated and decorated onto Zn‐BTC. Inherent charges on ZnQ lead to the agglomeration of multiple 2D‐flakes forming ZnQ@Zn‐BTC multi‐flaked nano‐discs. The synthesized material shows visible color change upon exposure to ammonia from white to ivory. In addition, selective fluorescence quenching is observed under ultraviolet illumination (λex = 365 nm) when ZnQ@Zn‐BTC is exposed to ammonia. The limit of detection reaches 0.27 ppm as a dried film for gaseous sensing and 60.8 nm in liquid phase fluorescence quenching, respectively. The observed high sensitivity and selectivity are attributed to the manipulation of active sites of 2D‐MOFs nanosheet with ZnQ. Functionalization also limits the degradation and breakdown of ZnQ@Zn‐BTC.
Optically Pumped Terahertz Molecular Laser: Gain Factor and Validation up to 5.5 THz
Authors: Mammez Marie-Hélène , Buchanan Zachary , Pirali Olivier , Martin-Drumel Marie-Aline , Turut Joan , Ducournau Guillaume , Eliet Sophie , Hindle Francis , Barbieri Stefano , Roy Pascale , Mouret Gaël , Lampin Jean-François
Published: January 2022

Quantum cascade laser‐pumped terahertz (THz) gas lasers are at the edge of revolutionizing THz science where powerful yet tunable sources have long been lacking. Maybe one of the last remaining drawbacks to a wider use of these instruments lies in the lack of available databases of potentially lasing transitions for users. A new figure of merit, the molecular gain factor is proposed, that allows to discriminate transitions by their lasing potential. Using this factor, catalogs of THz laser lines of ammonia, both and , up to 10 THz are reported. Demonstration of the use of these two catalogs, and of the pertinence of the molecular gain factor, is made by experimentally observing 32 laser lines of and 5 lines of up to 5.5 THz. Prospects to generalize the use of this molecular gain factor to a wide range of molecules are discussed.
Multimodal Locomotion and Active Targeted Thermal Control of Magnetic Agents for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ramos‐Sebastian Armando , Gwak So‐Jung , Kim Sung Hoon
Published: January 2022

Magnetic microrobots can be miniaturized to a nanometric scale owing to their wireless actuation, thereby rendering them ideal for numerous biomedical applications. As a result, nowadays, there exist several mechano‐electromagnetic systems for their actuation. However, magnetic actuation is not sufficient for implementation in biomedical applications, and further functionalities such as imaging and heating are required. This study proposes a multimodal electromagnetic system comprised of three pairs of Helmholtz coils, a pair of Maxwell coils, and a high‐frequency solenoid to realize multimodal locomotion and heating control of magnetic microrobots. The system produces different configurations of magnetic fields that can generate magnetic forces and torques for the multimodal locomotion of magnetic microrobots, as well as generate magnetic traps that can control the locomotion of magnetic swarms. Furthermore, these magnetic fields are employed to control the magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles, affecting their magnetic relaxation mechanisms and diminishing their thermal properties. Thus, the system enables the control of the temperature increase of soft‐magnetic materials and selective heating of magnetic microrobots at different positions, while suppressing the heating properties of magnetic nanoparticles located at undesired areas.
AC/DC Convertible Pillar‐Type Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Output Current Amplified by the Design of the Moving Electrode
Authors: Kim Dongchang , Chung Jihoon , Heo Deokjae , Chung Seh‐Hoon , Lee Giuk , Hwang Patrick T. J. , Kim Min‐Kun , Jung Heesoo , Jin Youngho , Hong Jinkee , Lee Sangmin
Published: January 2022

As a valuable tool for harvesting energy, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) exhibit notable advantages over other energy‐harvesting methods in terms of their low weight, low cost and high‐power density. Despite their application potential in the domain of portable electronics, TENGs exhibit a limited maximum output owing to the high surface charge density during operation. Furthermore, TENGs inherently produce alternative current (AC); thus, an additional electrical circuit such as a rectifying circuit must be used as a portable power source. To overcome these problems, a triboelectric generation mechanism that can produce both AC and direct current outputs with amplified electrical current through the addition of a simple mechanical component is established. The proposed pillar‐type TENG (P‐TENG) can minimize the electrical loss during operation that occurs due to the contact between electrodes, allowing electrons to flow directly. Moreover, a miniaturized and portable variant of the P‐TENG is designed to harvest mechanical energy in daily‐life activities.
Long‐term agricultural practice effects on carbon and nitrogen isotopes of soil organic matter fractions
Authors: Desrochers Johan , Brye Kristofor R. , Pollock Erik D.
Published: January 2022

Understanding the effects of long‐term traditional and alternative agricultural management practice effects on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling and storage within particulate organic matter (POM) and light fractions (LF) within various soil aggregate‐size classes can be illuminated by isotopic 13C/12C (δ13C) and 15N/14N (δ15N) differences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of residue level, residue burning, tillage, and irrigation on δ13C and δ15N values of the bulk‐soil, macro‐ (>250 μm) and micro‐aggregate‐(53–250 μm), coarse‐ (>250 μm), and fine‐ (53–250 μm) POM, and coarse‐ and fine‐LF in the top 10 cm following 13 yr of consistent management in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] double‐crop system on a silt‐loam soil in eastern Arkansas. Various treatment combinations affected (p < .05) δ13C values within the bulk‐soil and fine‐POM, as well as δ15N values within the bulk‐soil, macro‐aggregate, coarse‐LF, and fine‐LF fractions. Averaged across all other field treatments, macro‐aggregate δ15N was greater (p < .01) in the no‐tillage (NT)‐low‐ (3.23%) compared with NT–high‐residue (3.05%) and CT‐high‐ and low‐residue combination, which did not differ and averaged 3.11%, indicating that more labile residue can be achieved in the NT–high‐residue treatment combination. Results showed significant variations in aggregate‐associated δ13C and δ15N, as affected by long‐term residue and water management practices that would otherwise not have been evident from simple, bulk‐soil analysis or a short‐term field study.
Protein Ligation and Labeling Enabled by a C‐Terminal Tetracysteine Tag
Authors: Mo Zeyuan , Lin Shaomin , Chen Wentao , He Chunmao
Published: January 2022

The hydrazinolysis of S‐cyanylated peptide provides an alternative way to afford protein α‐hydrazide, a key reagent used in native chemical ligation (NCL), without the aid of any inteins or enzymes. The currently used non‐selective S‐cyanylation, however, allows no other cysteine in the protein besides the one at the cleavage site. Herein, we report a regioselective S‐cyanylation and hydrazinolysis strategy achieved via the fusion of a tetracysteine tag to the C‐terminal of the protein of interest. We term it tetracysteine enabled protein ligation (TCEPL). While highly selective, the strategy is applicable for proteins expressed as inclusion bodies, and this was showcased by the efficient semi‐synthesis of an iron‐sulfur protein rubredoxin and the catalytic and hinge domains of matrix metalloprotease‐14 (MMP‐14) containing 207 amino acid residues. Furthermore, the TCEPL strategy was exploited for protein C‐terminal labeling with amino reagents bearing a variety of functional groups, demonstrating its versatility and generality.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Silylcyanation of Ynamides: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Access to Tetrasubstituted 3‐Silyl‐2‐Aminoacrylonitriles
Authors: Hansjacob Pierre , Leroux Frédéric R. , Gandon Vincent , Donnard Morgan
Published: January 2022

The palladium‐catalyzed silylcyanation of ynamides is described. This reaction is fully regioselective, delivering tetrasubstituted 2‐aminoacrylonitriles derivatives exclusively. Unexpectedly, the nature (aryl or alkyl) of the substituent located at the β‐position of the ynamide directly controls the stereoselectivity. The reaction tolerates a number of functional groups and can be considered as the first general access to fully substituted 2‐aminoacrylonitriles. Given the singular reactivity observed, a computational study was performed to shed light on the mechanism of this intriguing transformation. Relying on the specific reactivity of the newly installed vinylsilane functionality, the scope of 2‐aminoacrylonitriles has been enlarged by postfunctionalization.
Construction of ajmalicine and sanguinarine de novo biosynthetic pathways using stable integration sites in yeast
Authors: Liu Tengfei , Gou Yuanwei , Zhang Bei , Gao Rui , Dong Chang , Qi Mingming , Jiang Lihong , Ding Xuanwei , Li Chun , Lian Jiazhang
Published: January 2022

Yeast cell factories have been increasingly employed for producing plant‐derived natural products. Unfortunately, the stability of plant natural product biosynthetic pathway genes, particularly when driven by the same sets of promoters and terminators, remains one of the biggest concerns for synthetic biology. Here we profile genomic loci flanked by essential genes as stable integration sites in a genome‐wide manner, for stable maintenance of multigene biosynthetic pathways in yeast. We demonstrate the application of our yeast integration platform in the construction of sanguinarine (24 expression cassettes) and ajmalicine (29 expression cassettes) de novo biosynthetic pathways for the first time. Moreover, we establish stable yeast cell factories that can produce 119.2 mg L−1 heteroyohimbine alkaloids (containing 61.4 mg L−1 ajmalicine) in shake flasks, representing the highest titer of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) ever reported and promising the complete biosynthesis of other high‐value MIAs (such as vinblastine) for biotechnological applications.
Histone deacetylase HDAC2 regulates microRNA‐125a expression in neuroblastoma
Authors: Liu Denghui , Tang Xianglian , Huang Zhao , Wen Jiabing , Zhou Yuxiang
Published: January 2022

Background

Neuroblastoma (NB) is an infrequent childhood malignancy of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system and is accountable for about 10% of pediatric tumors. microRNA (miR)‐125a has been implicated to serve as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. Herein, we set out to ascertain whether miR‐125a exerts antitumor effects in NB.

Methods

Downregulated miRNAs were identified by miRNA microarray analysis of NB tissues and paracancerous tissues. The expression of miR‐125a in NB tissues and cells was detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative (RT‐q) PCR, followed by prognostic analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed on target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation were detected by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), Hoechst staining, immunofluorescence, and western blot. NB cells were injected into nude mice to detect tumorigenic, apoptotic, and differentiation activities in vivo. Dual‐luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were carried out to verify the binding relationship between miR‐125a and PHOX2B or histone deacetylases 2 (HDAC2), respectively. Finally, rescue experiments were conducted.

Results

miR‐125a was downregulated in NB tissues and cells, which was associated with poor prognosis. miR‐125a reduced NB cell proliferation and augmented apoptosis and differentiation. NB cells with miR‐125a overexpression decreased cell tumorigenesis and increased apoptosis and differentiation in xenograft tumor tissues. miR‐125a targeted PHOX2B, which was highly expressed in NB tissues and cells. HDAC2, highly expressed in NB tissues and cells, repressed miR‐125a transcription through histone deacetylation. Overexpression of HDAC2 or PHOX2B rescued the effects of miR‐125a on NB cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.

Conclusion

HDAC2 inhibited miR‐125a transcription through deacetylation, and miR‐125a suppressed NB development through binding to PHOX2B.
Optimized Hemolysin Type 1 Secretion System in Escherichia coli by Directed Evolution of the Hly Enhancer Fragment and Including a Terminator Region
Authors: Pourhassan N. Zohreh , Cui Haiyang , Khosa Sakshi , Davari Mehdi D. , Jaeger Karl‐Erich , Smits Sander H. J. , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Schmitt Lutz
Published: January 2022

Type 1 secretion systems (T1SS) have a relatively simple architecture compared to other classes of secretion systems and therefore, are attractive to be optimized by protein engineering. Here, we report a KnowVolution campaign for the hemolysin (Hly) enhancer fragment, an untranslated region upstream of the hlyA gene, of the hemolysin T1SS of Escherichia coli to enhance its secretion efficiency. The best performing variant of the Hly enhancer fragment contained five nucleotide mutations at five positions (A30U, A36U, A54G, A81U, and A116U) resulted in a 2‐fold increase in the secretion level of a model lipase fused to the secretion carrier HlyA1. Computational analysis suggested that altered affinity to the generated enhancer fragment towards the S1 ribosomal protein contributes to the enhanced secretion levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that involving a native terminator region along with the generated Hly enhancer fragment increased the secretion levels of the Hly system up to 5‐fold.
CuSn Double‐Metal Hydroxides for Direct Electrochemical Ammonia Oxidation to Dinitrogen
Authors: Hou Jing , Cheng Yingying , Pan Hui , Kang Peng
Published: January 2022

Direct electrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction (dAOR) to form N2 is of great significance to process ammonia‐containing wastewater or to make efficient ammonia fuel cells. Herein, CuSn double‐metal hydroxides are synthesized via a co‐precipitation method and used in dAOR with 10 mM
−N Among the synthesized hydroxides, CuSn(OH)6 shows a decent
−N partial current density (1.2 mA cm−2) and a substantially higher
−N Faradaic efficiency (84.5 %). In situ infrared spectroscopy confirms that the intermediacy of
dimeric species facilitates the formation of desired N2 product during the dAOR process. The synergy between Cu and Sn is critical for the enhanced dAOR activity, as Cu serves as the catalytic center while Sn adsorbs
−N intensively.
Progress in electrolyte and interface of hard carbon and graphite anode for sodium‐ion battery
Authors: Liu Qi , Xu Rigan , Mu Daobin , Tan Guoqiang , Gao Hongcai , Li Ning , Chen Renjie , Wu Feng
Published: January 2022

It is essential to replace lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) from the perspective of the Earth's resources and the sustainable development of mankind. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are important candidates due to their low price and abundant storage capacity. Hard carbon (HC) and graphite have important applications in anode materials of SIBs. In this review, the research progress in electrolyte and interface between HC and graphite anode for SIBs is summarized. The properties and performance of three types of widely used electrolytes (carbonate ester, ether, and ionic liquid) with additives, as well as the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI), which are crucial to the reversible capacity and rate capability of HC anodes, are also discussed. In this review, the co‐intercalation performance and mechanism of solvation Na+ into graphite are summarized. Besides, the faced challenges and existing problems in this field are also succinctly highlighted.
Understanding electrolyte salt chemistry for advanced potassium storage performances of transition‐metal sulfides
Authors: Ma Guangyao , Wang Yingying , Song Jinmei , Song Kepeng , Wang Nana , Yang Jian , Qian Yitai
Published: January 2022

Molybdenum disulfide/carbon nanotubes assembled by ultrathin nanosheets are synthesized to illustrate the electrolyte salt chemistry via potassium bis‐(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) versus potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6). Compared to the case of KPF6, the electrochemical performances using KFSI as the electrolyte salt are greatly improved: ~275 mAh g−1after 15,000 cycles at 1 A g−1, or ~172 mAh g−1even at 40 A g−1. These results represent one of the best performances for the reported anode materials. The enhanced performances could be attributed to the FSI‐induced changes in the solvate structures, that is, a large solvation energy, a high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and a small bonding dissociation energy of S–F. In this case, a uniform and robust solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) is produced, improving the mechanical properties and the interface integrity. Then, the uncontrollable fracture and repeated growth of SEI, which always lead to the dissolution of sulfur species and the blockage of charge transfer in the case of KPF6, are well inhibited. This similar enhancement works for other sulfides by KFSI, demonstrating the general importance of this electrolyte salt chemistry.
H/F Substitution Induced Large Increase of Tc in a 3D Hybrid Rare‐Earth Double Perovskite Multifunctional Compound
Authors: Xu Qi , Ye Le , Liao Rong‐Meng , An Zhen , Wang Chang‐Feng , Miao Le‐Ping , Shi Chao , Ye Heng‐Yun , Zhang Yi
Published: January 2022

Increasing attention has been devoted to studying perovskite‐type multifunctional stimuli‐responsive materials with multiple channel physical characteristics. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve multifunction and regulate structural phase transition temperature in hybrid perovskites. Here, we report two three‐dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid rare‐earth double perovskite compounds, (HQ)2RbEu(NO3)6 (1, HQ=quinuclidium) and (4FHQ)2RbEu(NO3)6 (2, 4FHQ=4‐fluoro‐quinuclidium), which exhibit ferroelasticity, dielectric switch, and excellent photoluminescence response. The phase transition temperature of 2 increases 169 K compared with 1 through H/F substitution. This result is attributed to the H/F substitution inducing the generation of the Rb‐F coordination bond between cations and anions. Meanwhile, the photoluminescence emission intensity of 2 shows no quench with the increase of temperature, in particular, the emission spectrum achieves fine regulation at high temperatures. This work provides a new solution for the realization of multi‐functions and regulations of the properties based on hybrid perovskite materials with high critical temperatures.
On the Road Toward More Efficient Biocompatible Two‐Photon Excitable Fluorophores
Authors: Auvray Marie , Bolze Frédéric , Naud‐Martin Delphine , Poulain Matthieu , Bossuat Margaux , Clavier Gilles , Mahuteau‐Betzer Florence
Published: January 2022

Red‐to‐NIR absorption and emission wavelengths are key requirements for intravital bioimaging. One of the way to reach such excitation wavelengths is to use two‐photon excitation. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of two‐photon excitable fluorophores that are both efficient and biocompatible. Thus, we design a series of biocompatible quadrupolar dyes in order to study their ability to be used for live‐cell imaging, and in particular for two‐photon microscopy. Hence, we report the synthesis of 5 probes based on different donor cores (phenoxazine, acridane, phenazasiline and phenothiazine) and the study of their linear and non‐linear photophysical properties. TD‐DFT calculations were performed and were able to highlight the structure‐property relationship of this series. All these studies highlight the great potential of three of these biocompatible dyes for two‐photon microscopy, as they both exhibit high two‐photon cross‐sections (up to 3650 GM) and emit orange to red light. This potential was confirmed through live‐cell two‐photon microscopy experiments, leading to images with very high brightness and contrast.
Continuous Flow Synthesis of NHC‐Coinage Metal Amido and Thiolato Complexes: A Mechanism‐based Process Development
Authors: Cauwenbergh Thibault , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Scattolin Thomas , Simoens Andreas , Stevens Christian V. , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: January 2022

The first continuous flow syntheses of amido and thiolato families are reported. Our studies focused on [M(NHC)(Cbz)] (Cbz=carbazolyl) and [M(NHC)(SPh)] (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) as general proof‐of‐concepts and has led to a simple protocol with unprecedented short reaction times and high product yields. The scope of supporting ligands and substrates permits to assess the versatility of the process and a one‐pot synthesis starting from the imidazolium salt, metal source and carbazole substrate highlights the simplicity and sustainability of this operating design. The process was made possible through a detailed mechanistic understanding of the underlying reaction chemistry.
The microRNA‐204‐5p inhibits APJ signalling and confers resistance to cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction
Authors: Gaddam Ravinder Reddy , Kim Young‐Rae , Jacobs Julia S. , Yoon Jin‐Young , Li Qiuxia , Cai Angela , Shankaiahgari Hamsitha , London Barry , Irani Kaikobad , Vikram Ajit
Published: January 2022

Background

MicroRNAs regulate cardiac hypertrophy development, which precedes and predicts the risk of heart failure. microRNA‐204‐5p (miR‐204) is well expressed in cardiomyocytes, but its role in developing cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction (CH/CD) remains poorly understood.

Methods: We performed RNA‐sequencing, echocardiographic, and molecular/morphometric analysis of the heart of mice lacking or overexpressing miR‐204 five weeks after trans‐aortic constriction (TAC). The neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, H9C2, and HEK293 cells were used to determine the mechanistic role of miR‐204.

Results

The stretch induces miR‐204 expression, and miR‐204 inhibits the stretch‐induced hypertrophic response of H9C2 cells. The mice lacking miR‐204 displayed a higher susceptibility to CH/CD during pressure overload, which was reversed by the adeno‐associated virus serotype‐9‐mediated cardioselective miR‐204 overexpression. Bioinformatic analysis of the cardiac transcriptomics of miR‐204 knockout mice following pressure overload suggested deregulation of apelin‐receptor (APJ) signalling. We found that the stretch‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation and hypertrophy‐related genes expression depend on the APJ, and both of these effects are subject to miR‐204 levels. The dynamin inhibitor dynasore inhibited both stretch‐induced APJ endocytosis and ERK1/2 activation. In contrast, the miR‐204‐induced APJ endocytosis was neither inhibited by dynamin inhibitors (dynasore and dyngo) nor associated with ERK1/2 activation. We find that the miR‐204 increases the expression of ras‐associated binding proteins (e.g., Rab5a, Rab7) that regulate cellular endocytosis.

Conclusions

Our results show that miR‐204 regulates trafficking of APJ and confers resistance to pressure overload‐induced CH/CD, and boosting miR‐204 can inhibit the development of CH/CD.
Emerging therapies in pediatric atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Bowles Alexandra , Logas Christopher M. , Glick Brad P. , Del Rosso James Q.
Published: January 2022

Pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) is a difficult disease to treat and novel treatments, both topical and systemic, are continuously being investigated. The current approved treatments for pediatric AD include topical anti‐inflammatory therapies such as topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, and topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors. Current systemic therapies approve for pediatric patients of various ages include dupilumab, cyclosporine, azathioprine, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil. While these treatments have been used for many years, the efficacy and safety of these medications have been questioned. Currently, there are multiple ongoing investigational studies looking at various topical and systemic treatments that have promising results for the pediatric population, even those as young as 6 months of age. Pediatric atopic dermatitis management is constantly evolving, and physicians should be aware of current studies and approved regimens to provide their patient's with the best care.
Sex differences in proteomic correlates of coronary microvascular dysfunction among patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Chandramouli Chanchal , Ting Tay W. , Tromp Jasper , Agarwal Anubha , Svedlund Sara , Saraste Antti , Hage Camilla , Tan Ru‐San , Beussink‐Nelson Lauren , Lagerström Fermer Maria , Gan Li‐Ming , Lund Lars , Shah Sanjiv J. , Lam Carolyn S.P.
Published: January 2022

Aims

Little information is available on sex differences in coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We investigated sex‐specific proteomic profiles associated with CMD in patients with HFpEF.

Methods and results

Using the prospective multinational PROMIS‐HFpEF study (Prevalence of Microvascular Dysfunction in HFpEF; n = 182; 54.6% women), we compared clinical and biomarker correlates of CMD (defined as coronary flow reserve [CFR] <2.5) between men and women with HFpEF. We used lasso penalized regression to analyse 242 biomarkers from high‐throughput proximity extension assays, adjusting for age, body mass index, creatinine, smoking and study site. The prevalence of CMD was similarly high in men and women with HFpEF (77% vs. 70%; p = 0.27). Proteomic correlates of CFR differed by sex, with 10 versus 16 non‐overlapping biomarkers independently associated with CFR in men versus women, respectively. In men, proteomic correlates of CFR included chemokine ligand 20, brain natriuretic peptide, proteinase 3, transglutaminase 2, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A and tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 14. Among women, the strongest proteomic correlates with CFR were insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 1, phage shock protein D, CUB domain‐containing protein 1, prostasin, decorin, FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3, ligand growth differentiation factor 15, spondin‐1, delta/notch‐like epidermal growth factor‐related receptor and tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B. Pathway analyses suggested that CMD was related to the inflammation‐mediated chemokine and cytokine signalling pathway among men with HFpEF, and the P13‐kinase and transforming growth factor‐beta signalling pathway among women with HFpEF.

Conclusion

While the prevalence of CMD among men and women with HFpEF is similar, the drivers of microvascular dysfunction may differ by sex. The current inflammatory paradigm of CMD in HFpEF potentially predominates in men, while derangement in ventricular remodelling and fibrosis may play a more important role in women.
An Unexpected Formation of 2‐Arylbenzimidazoles from α,α‐Diiodo‐α’‐acetoxyketones and o‐Phenylenediamines
Authors: Sadhukhan Santu , Mondal Swagata , Baire Beeraiah
Published: January 2022

An unusual reactivity of the α,α‐diiodo‐α’‐acetoxyketones with o‐phenylenediamines is reported through the formation of 2‐arylbenzimidazoles. A systematic study through a series of fruitful control experiments and isolation of key intermediates unravelled the unprecedented domino mechanism. This process involves a stepwise two‐carbon fragmentation pathway through domino and sequential amidation–aziridination–decarbonylation–I2‐mediated aminative cyclization–oxidation reactions. This strategy employs no additives like oxidant, metal catalyst, bases, and represents yet another novel reactivity profile of the building blocks α,α‐diiodo‐α’‐acetoxyketones.
Dual Catalysis in Rhodium(II) Carbenoid Chemistry
Authors: Bain Anae I. , Chinthapally Kiran , Hunter Arianne C. , Sharma Indrajeet
Published: January 2022

Dual catalysis represents an alternative archetype in carbene chemistry that surpasses traditional single catalyst systems. By employing dual catalyst systems, one can improve the efficiency of existing reactions and enable new chemical transformations. Reactions involving dual synergistic catalysis are increasingly valuable as they offer convenient strategies for synthesizing challenging quaternary carbon centers and bioactive core structures. This review article focuses on trapping diazo‐derived, rhodium (II) zwitterionic intermediates with varying electrophiles such as Michael acceptors, alkynes, π‐allyl Pd(II) complexes, and the Nicholas intermediate.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroallylation of Vinylsilanes
Authors: Wang Simin , Zhang Qiao , Niu Junbo , Guo Xiaobing , Xiong Tao , Zhang Qian
Published: January 2022

A copper‐catalyzed asymmetric hydroallylation of readily available vinylsilanes with allylic phosphates in the presence of hydrosilane was developed. These transformations can be performed under mild reaction conditions and provide the useful chiral organosilanes with good to excellent level of enantiocontrol.
Innate‐like bystander‐activated CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+T cells play a pathogenic role in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Huang Chien‐Hao , Fan Jian‐He , Jeng Wen‐Juei , Chang Shu‐Ting , Yang Chan‐Keng , Teng Wei , Wu Tsung‐Han , Hsieh Yi‐Chung , Chen Wei‐Ting , Chen Yi‐Cheng , Sheen I‐Shyan , Lin Yung‐Chang , Lin Chun‐Yen
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims

HCV‐specific T cells are few and exhausted in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Whether these T cells are responsible for the liver damage and fibrosis is still debated. However, cluster of differentiation 38–positive (CD38+) human leukocyte antigen DR–positive (HLA‐DR+) CD8+ T cells are regarded as bystander CD8+ T cells that cause liver injury in acute hepatitis. We propose that these innate CD8+ T cells play a pathogenic role in CHC.

Methods

Lymphocytes from peripheral blood were obtained from 108 patients with CHC and 43 healthy subjects. Immunophenotyping, functional assays, T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and cytotoxic assay of CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells were studied.

Results

The percentage of CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells increased significantly in patients with CHC. These cells expressed higher levels of effector memory and proinflammatory chemokine molecules and showed higher interferon‐γ production than CD38−HLA‐DR− CD8 T cells. They were largely composed of non‐HCV‐specific CD8+ T cells as assessed by HLA‐A2‐restricted pentamers and next‐generation sequencing analysis of the TCR repertoire. In addition, these CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells had strong cytotoxicity, which could be inhibited by anti–DNAX accessory molecule 1, anti–NKG2 family member D, and anti–natural killer NKp30 antibodies. Lastly, the percentage of CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells was significantly associated with liver injury and fibrosis and decreased significantly along with serum alanine aminotransferase normalization after successful direct‐acting antiviral treatment.

Conclusions

The TCR‐independent, cytokine‐responsive bystander CD38+HLA‐DR+CD8+ T cells are strongly cytotoxic and play a pathogenic role in patients with CHC.
Influence of radiation and viscous dissipation on MHD heat transfer Casson nanofluid flow along a nonlinear stretching surface with chemical reaction
Authors: Reddy Y. Dharmendar , Goud B. Shankar , Chamkha Ali J. , Kumar M. Anil
Published: January 2022

The present article investigates the influence of Joule heating and chemical reaction on magneto Casson nanofluid phenomena in the occurrence of thermal radiation through a porous inclined stretching sheet. Consideration is extended to heat absorption/generation and viscous dissipation. The governing partial differential equations were transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and numerically solved using the Implicit Finite Difference technique. The article analyses the effect of various physical flow parameters on velocity, heat, and mass transfer distributions. For the various involved parameters, the graphical and numerical outcomes are established. The analysis reveals that the enhancement of the radiation parameter increases the temperature and the chemical reaction parameter decreases the concentration profile. The empirical data presented were compared with previously published findings.
Numerical assessments of bed morphological evolution in mountain river confluences under effects of hydro‐morphological factors
Authors: Yan Xu‐Feng , Duan Huan‐Feng , Yang Qing‐Yuan , Liu Tong‐Huan , Sun Yi , Wang Xie‐Kang
Published: January 2022

Understanding hydro‐morphological characteristics in mountain river confluences is significant in flood disaster mitigation and mountain river restoration, which is still poorly explored. This study employed a 2D hydro‐morphological model based on the finite element method to simulate the major bed morphological features in a mountainous‐type flume confluence and evaluate the effects of main controlling factors on these features. The modelling results show that the dominant bed morphological features in mountain river confluences can be well produced by the 2D model. Five controlling factors including downstream water level (H), branch discharge ratio (Qr), main channel sediment supply ratio (ψ), tributary slope (St) and confluence angle (α) reflecting different flow‐sediment‐geometry scenarios were adopted into a sensitive study. The upstream reach of the main channel is controlled by H and ψ and their decreases lead to bed degradation. The increase in Qr, St, and α mainly results in bed aggradation and steepening in the tributary, attaining a higher sediment transport rate. This contrasts the existing experimental results, due to the difference in sediment feeding. The size of the bank‐attached bar is promoted by the increase in Qr, St, and α and the decrease in H and ψ. A quantitative analysis shows that the water surface slope well correlates with various dimensions of the scour hole and bar morphology (correlation = 0.58–0.8). Meanwhile, the bank‐attached bar displays a strong self‐similarity (correlation = 0.84–0.98) regarding its geometric dimensions. This study provides new insights into the existing knowledge of the hydro‐sediment‐morphodynamics of mountain river confluences obtained from laboratory studies and field investigations.
Quality of care for abortion‐related complications: Insights from the WHO Multi‐Country Survey on Abortion‐related Morbidity across 11 African countries
Authors: Kouanda Seni , Qureshi Zahida
Published: January 2022

Synopsis

A collection of seven papers from the WHO Multi‐Country Survey on Abortion‐related morbidity (MCS‐A) using secondary data analysis to assess the quality of care for abortion‐related complications in facilities in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Update on seizure and therapeutic drug monitoring in dogs and cats
Authors: Green Matt , Lowrie Mark
Published: January 2022

Background: Epilepsy is defined as the propensity to suffer recurring unprovoked epileptic seizures and is one of the most frequently encountered neurological complaints seen in veterinary practice. Effective management of these cases requires accurate identification and diagnosis, appropriate client communication, as well as regular monitoring of seizure progression and response to therapy.

Aim of the article: This article provides an update on the diagnosis of epileptic seizures and how to manage such cases with use of anti‐epileptic drugs, including imepitoin, which is a relatively recent addition to the range of available therapies.
ICN‐Oriented secure propagation for smart ideology and politics
Authors: Gao Miao
Published: January 2022

Besides the in‐network caching, Information‐Centric Networking (ICN) has also an obvious feature, that is, security distribution which could guarantee that all contents are retrieved correctly. As we know, Smart Ideology and Politics (SIP) has gained great attention from some research centers so as to ensure the national security, this is because there are many unreliable propagations on SIP. In order to realize the secure propagation for SIP, the security distribution feature of ICN could be exploited. Therefore, this letter proposes ICN‐oriented Secure Propagation for SIP, called ISP4S, including two major parts. At first, ICN network paradigm is employed to build a bran‐new infrastructures. Then, for SIP, the differential privacy protection method is proposed to construct the corresponding secure propagation paths. For the proposed ISP4S, some simulations based on ICN environment are made to verify its efficiency, and the experimental results demonstrate that ISP4S outperforms the selected baselines.
Analysis of oxidative degradation and calcification behavior of a silicone polycarbonate polyurethane‐polydimethylsiloxane material
Authors: Al Kayal Tamer , Losi Paola , Asaro Marianna , Volpi Silvia , Bonani Walter , Bonini Massimo , Soldani Giorgio
Published: January 2022

The biocompatibility and chemical stability of implantable devices are crucial for their long‐term success. CarboSil® is a silicon polycarbonate polyurethane copolymer with good biocompatibility and biostability properties. Here, we explored the possibility to improve these characteristics by introducing 30% of extra‐chain cross‐linkable poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS). Patches made of CarboSil and CarboSil‐30% PDMS were manufactured by spray, phase‐inversion technique and subjected to a heating‐pressure treatment. Both materials showed good biocompatibility, either in viability and proliferation of cell‐based experiments both with mouse fibroblasts and subcutaneous implant in rats. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy showed a significant decrease in soft segment loss in CarboSil‐30% PDMS samples with respect to CarboSil in in vitro accelerated oxidative treatments with CoCl2 and 20% H2O2 at 37°C up to 36 days. Same results were observed in subcutaneous implants up to 90 days. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy on samples exposed to calcification solutions during 80 days highlighted the presence of a homogeneous distribution of calcium deposition over the entire surface of CarboSil samples, while no calcium deposits were observed in CarboSil‐30% PDMS samples. Patches subjected to subcutaneous experiments showed no sign of calcification after 90 days, irrespectively of their composition. Thanks to the improved characteristics in terms of degradation and calcification the modified materials described in this work hold great promise for their use in the manufacture of cardiovascular devices.
Human papillomavirus genotype concordance between Anyplex II HPV28 and linear array HPV genotyping test in anogenital samples
Authors: Coutlée François , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Burchell Ann N. , El‐Zein Mariam , Mayrand Marie‐Hélène , Rodrigues‐Coutlée Sophie , Money Deborah , Comète Émilie , McClymont Elisabeth , Rouleau Danielle , Franco Eduardo L.
Published: January 2022

Anyplex II HPV‐28 (HPV‐28) can detect individually 28 HPV genotypes. We assessed the agreement between linear array HPV genotyping (LA‐HPV) and HPV‐28 for detection of 27 HPV genotypes in 410 stored anogenital samples (75 anal samples, 335 physician‐collected cervical samples) collected over 5 years from 410 individuals (13 men, 397 women), including 202 HIV‐seropositive individuals. HPV DNA was detected in 393 (95.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.4–97.4) and 382 (93.2%, 95% CI: 90.3–95.3) samples with HPV‐28 and LA‐HPV (p = 0.13), respectively, for a good agreement of 96.3% (κ = 0.65). Of the 10503 HPV typing results, 10195 (780 positive, 9577 negative) were concordant, for an agreement of 97.1% (95% CI: 96.7–97.4) and an excellent of κ = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.80–0.84). The mean type‐specific concordance for 27 genotypes was 97.0%, 95% CI: 95.8–98.5 (κ = 0.86 ± 0.07, 95% CI: 0.83–0.88). Excellent agreement was obtained individually for all high‐risk genotypes (κ = 0.81–0.97) and for most other genotypes except for types 42, 44, 54, 68, and 69. The mean number of types per sample in discordant samples detected with LA‐HPV (3.0, 95% CI: 2.7–3.4) was greater than in concordant samples (1.4, 95% CI: 1.3–1.5; p< 0.001). In conclusion, HPV‐28 compared favorably with LA‐HPV, but was more frequently positive for HPV42 and HPV68.
Inframonogenic decomposition of higher‐order Lipschitz functions
Authors: Abreu Blaya Ricardo , Alfonso Santiesteban Daniel , Bory Reyes Juan , Moreno García Arsenio
Published: January 2022

Euclidean Clifford analysis has become a well‐established theory of monogenic functions in higher‐dimensional Euclidean space with a variety of applications both inside and outside of mathematics. Noncommutativity of the geometric product in Clifford algebras leads to what are now known as inframonogenic functions, which are characterized by certain elliptic system associated to the orthogonal Dirac operator in
. The main question we shall be concerned with is whether or not a higher‐order Lipschitz function on the boundary Γ of a Jordan domain
can be decomposed into a sum of the two boundary values of a sectionally inframonogenic function with jump across Γ. To this end, a kind of Cauchy‐type integral and singular integral operator, very specific to the inframonogenic setting, are widely used.
Nonlinear fractional and singular systems: Nonexistence, existence, uniqueness, and Hölder regularity
Authors: Gouasmia Abdelhamid
Published: January 2022

In the present paper, we investigate the following singular quasilinear elliptic system:where is an open‐bounded domain with smooth boundary,s1, s2 ∈ (0, 1), p1, p2 ∈ (1, + ∞), andα1, α2, β1, β2are positive constants. We first discuss the nonexistence of positive classical solutions to system . Next, constructing suitable ordered pairs of subsolutions and supersolutions, we apply Schauder's fixed‐point theorem in the associated conical shell and get the existence of a positive weak solutions pair to , turn to be Hölder continuous. Finally, we apply a well‐known Krasnosel'skiı̆'s argument to establish the uniqueness of such positive pair of solutions.
Taking from the dead: Grave disturbance of Sarmatian cemeteries in the Banat region
Authors: Pavlovic Tamara , Grumeza Lavinia , Roksandic Mirjana , Djuric Marija
Published: January 2022

The phenomenon of intensive grave disturbance of the Carpathian Basin graves in the Antiquity is especially associated with the Sarmatian cemeteries, dated to between the first and early fifth centuries CE. In this paper, this phenomenon was investigated in 20 cemeteries (179 graves) from the Banat region (East Serbia and West Romania). Analyses showed that more than half of the graves in the Banat were reopened, without any regional or inter‐site difference, as well as no sex or age preferences. Applying archeothanatological methodology to filed documentation and published reports, we were able to discern three patterns of grave disturbance: displacement of the elements of the upper body; disarticulation and dislodgement of the entire body, and haphazard removal of the body together with the content of the graves. Results showed that grave reopenings heavily damaged skeletal remains by shifting bones, throwing them on the ground surface due to grave shoveling, and leaving the graves reopened without backfilling with skeletal remains being exposed for a longer period, which is confirmed by the traces of subaerial weathering changes on skeletal material. Graves were reopened after the full skeletonization of the corpse, yet in some cases with funerary containers or clothing still present, meaning that graves were opened several years after the burial. Previous theories on Huns and Avars being perpetrators could be confirmed only for later cemeteries, while the earlier ones could be reopened by the Sarmatian contemporaries, local community, or even descendants. Archeological evidence of grave reopening confirmed grave robbery as the most likely motivation, while no special criteria in the selection of removed grave items were confirmed, probably in the turbulent period of Late Antiquity with intensive wars and raids happened in the Carpathian Basin.
(Dimesityl)boron Benzodithiophenes: Synthesis, Electrochemical, Photophysical and Theoretical Characterization
Authors: Menduti Luigi , Baldoli Clara , Arnaboldi Serena , Dreuw Andreas , Tahaoglu Duygu , Bossi Alberto , Licandro Emanuela
Published: January 2022

Triarylboranes containing linear or angular benzodithiophene moieties and bearing one or two dimesitylboron units were synthesized. The electrochemical and optical features of these compounds were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy while DFT calculations were run to analyze the energetic landscape of these systems. For both linear and angular benzodithiophenes, symmetrical disubstitution leads to the highest photoluminescence yields. The linear benzodithiophene disubstituted with two dimesitylboron units proved to be the most interesting and promising molecule as an electron‐transport material for organic electronics owing to its LUMO energy level of −2.84 eV which is close to those of commonly used electron transport materials like bathocuproine or bathophenantroline.