bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSYAL HİZMET UYGULAMASINDA BOWEN'IN AİLE SİSTEMLERİ YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: YILDIRIM Buğra
Published: September 2020

Aile kurumunun nitelikleri, sorunları ve
ihtiyaçları, içinde bulunduğu toplumun sosyal yapısına göre farklılıklar
göstermektedir. Aile hayatını sağlıklı kılan temel ilke ve değerler, insanın
hayatını da sağlıklı ve anlamlı kılar. Sistem yaklaşımına göre aile bir geçmişi
paylaşan, duygusal bağı olan, bireysel aile üyelerinin ve ailenin bütününün
ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için stratejiler planlayan bireylerden oluşmuş karmaşık
bir yapı olarak tanımlanır. Ailenin sahip olduğu etkileşim örüntüsünü, diğer
sistemleri ve alt sistemleri güçlendirmek amacıyla sosyal hizmet
uygulamalarında aile danışmalığı konusu önemli bir başlık olarak ele alınmaya
başlamıştır. Sonraki yıllarda aile danışmanlığında özellikle Jay Haley,
Salvador Minuchin, Virginia Satir, Cari Whitaker, Murray Bowen ve Nathan
Ackerman etkili olmuştur. Günümüzde, sosyal hizmet uygulamaları kapsamında aile
danışmanlığında kullanılan kuram ve yaklaşımlar çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Aile
ile çalışmanın hassasiyeti göz önüne alındığında bu derleme günümüzde yaygın
bir kullanım alanı bulan ve güçlü yönleri kanıtlanan “Bowen’ın Aile Sistemleri
Yaklaşımını” temel bileşenleri ile hatırlatarak Murray Bowen’ı sosyal hizmet
profesyonellerine tanıtma amacı taşımaktadır. Bowen’ın aile danışmanlığına iki
önemli katkısı bulunur. İlk katkısı ile Bowen “Aile Grup Danışmanlığını” ilk uygulayan kişi olarak anılacaktır. Diğer
katkısı ile Bowen ailenin tarihçesine vurgu yaparak daha çok kuşaklararası
konulara bakarken sorunlara şimdiki zamanda müdahale edebilmeyi başaracaktır. Bowen,
kendi geçmişindeki olaylardan, özellikle ailesiyle olan zorluklar sebebiyle
etkilenmiştir. Bu nedenle, yaklaşımı üzerinde kendi kişisel durumunun büyük
etkisi olmuştur.
Próba oceny rozwoju polskiej wsi pięć lat po przystąpieniu do Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Marciniuk-Kluska Anna , Bombik Antoni
Published: September 2020

The objective of this article is familiarisation with the issues relating to agricultural development in Poland and its perspectives for the future. A trial to assess the development of the Polish agricultural areas has been made five years after the accession to the European Union. The analysis has been performed on the basis of the data from Economical Accounts for Agriculture (EAA), the Central Statistical Office (GUS), and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MRiRW). Chosen data on income and subsidies in the farm sector in Poland between 2003 and 2008 have been quoted. The analysis of the statistical data shows that farmers’ income after Poland’s accession to the EU has risen nearly twice but the financial situation of people living in the agricultural areas is still very diversified. Their income has increased thanks to the EU's direct subsidies. The integration between Poland and the European Union has created additional opportunities for growth in the food and agriculture sector. For five years of Polish membership in the EU the export of farm and food products has nearly tripled.
Realizacja Naprawczego Programu Ochrony Powietrza w strefie "aglomeracja warszawska"
Authors: Jawor Alicja , Skowroński Antoni
Published: September 2020

The aim of the present article is to approach the problems connected with air pollution and also with different types of scientific, legal and administrative activities in the field of atmosphere protection. The research has been carried out on the territory of the Warsaw agglomeration. In connection with this fact, all means of administration are referred to as the present political and economical conditions of the Warsaw agglomeration. Air Protection Repair Program (NPOP), making up the content of the present work, introduces the resolutions in the field of management of the quality of the air based on the norms used on the territory of the European Union and shows governmental activities directed to the attainment of a common standard of the development of the capital at the arena of other European agglomerations.
Autonomia świata a podmiotowość człowieka w ekoteologii
Authors: Horowski Jarosław
Published: September 2020

One of the most difficult problems, which is to be solved by contemporary culture, is the ecological problem. It concerns the culture because the hedonistic and consumerist mentality of man plays an important part in it. Biocentrism states that the ecological problem results from traditional Western attitudes to the non-human world based on the belief that humans are the central and most significant entities in the universe. Biocentrism puts forward a teleological argument for the protection of the environment. It indicates that non-human species have inherent value as well and each organism has a purpose and a reason for being, which should be respected. Biocentrism states that the anthropocentric attitude to the non-human world results from the Christian worldview based on the Bible where it is written that God gives man dominion over all creatures. The author analyses the main issues of the Catholic concept of the relationship between human beings and other creatures. He indicates that ecotheology respects the inherent value of non-human creatures because, as the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the modern world Gaudium et spes says: “all things are endowed with their own stability, truth, goodness, proper laws and order”, but maintains that the purpose of the world is connected with its relationship to God. The author considers also what is the human subjectivity in behaving towards the environment and what is the dependence between the autonomy of the world and the subjectivity of man in ecotheology. In the end, the author comes to the conclusion that according to ecotheology the ecological problem results from the broken relationship between the human and God and in consequence it the broken relationship between the world and God.
Instrumenty wsparcia edukacji dla zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Embros Grzegorz
Published: September 2020

The interdisciplinary nature of environmental protection dooms most of the presently applied protection methods to failure. It is particularly vital an issue in present times of an ecological crisis that occurred as an effect of tackling environmental problems solely from a technical point of view. A crucial role in eliminating the effects and causes of the crisis plays the idea of sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out proper educational activities for practical realization of its demands what may end the ecological crisis. The author of the paper presents currently applied educational methods and consequences of their application. Simultaneously he points out a necessity of a holistic approach to education for sustainable development that might be guaranteed, among others, by ecophilosophy. He also highlights the potential of information technology in the realization of educational activities for sustainable development.
Osoba i dokonania prof. Andrzeja Szczeklika. Perspektywa bioetyka
Authors: Bołoz Wojciech
Published: September 2020

Prof. Szczeklik has published more than 600 works and for the last decade, he has been the most frequently cited author in Polish scientific literature on the subjects of medicine and biology. His works also include three excellent interdisciplinary books that show the personality of the scientist, a system of thought, ideological affiliation, source of strength, and motivation. These are Catharsis. The healing power of Nature and Art (2007); Kore. The sick, sickness and the search for the medicine of the soul (2007) and thirdly, the posthumously published Immortality. Promethean sleep medicine (2012), all published by the Krakow printing house Znak. The author does engage in systematic exposition, rather the works take the form of an almanac. The professor talks about his research and treatment of patients, shows the di&culties encountered and emerging concerns, and even includes anecdotes of his family life. These books are written in lively, beautiful Polish.
Zdrowie jako wartość ogólnospołeczna
Authors: Konstańczak Stefan
Published: September 2020

The starting point of the article is the thesis that Hippocrates’ rule: “the health of an ill person is the highest right” is not only the main rule of the conduct of medical staff but also includes a defined method of evaluation. According to the author, the consequence of such evaluation is a detailed rule “Firstly, not to harm”.  This rule has got a universal character and cannot only be restricted to medical staff. Healthcare is not the domain of doctors alone. It is everybody’s obligation, as it is to ensure that people don’t risk their own health or others’. In support of this approach, Władysław Tatarkiewicz’s considerations have been mentioned in the article, especially those that combine an individual sense of happiness with a state of health. In the end, the author refers to empirical research, which shows dependence on the state of health on andacquired lifestyle and points to the greater rationale of health prevention rather than institutional medical care.
Metodyka waloryzacji przyrodniczej. Część I: Zastosowania w ochronie przyrody
Authors: Matyjasiak Piotr
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to review the method of valorization of natural resources as applied in nature protection and spatial planning. Various valorization indices are discussed, including natural resources of special protection concern (species and natural habitat types of community interest, species legally protected in Poland, species, and ecosystems included in red lists, keystone species, flagship, and charismatic species), indicators of the conservation status of ecosystems and landscapes (indicator species and other indices of the degree of naturalness of ecosystems and landscapes), and components of ecological networks (ecological corridors and patches). Emphasis was placed on the need to include issues of ecological connectivity in the valorization of natural resources.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Disposal of Sharps Waste at Home Among Patients with Diabetes and their Caregivers
Authors: Khan Amal M. , AL Ghamdi Rasheed A. , Alswat Khaled A.
Published: September 2020

Introduction/Objectives:

A recent CDC report estimates that only 17.2% people with diabetes receive insulin. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of patients with diabetes and their caregivers towards sharps waste disposal at home.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study conducted from February to July 2019 at the two main diabetes specialist centers in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Data collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, which was designed after a thorough literature review, were used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice using a total of 36 items.

Result:

406 patients comprised mostly females and those who were unemployed, with a mean age of 53.2 +18.5 years and a mean DM duration of 13.6 +8.7 years. Approximately <10% reported sharing used insulin needles or lancets as well as accidental family member sticks by the used needle or lancet. More than half of the respondents answered “I don’t know” regarding the knowledge on transmission of hepatitis B or C and HIV by sharing lancet or insulin needles. 52.5%, 51.7% and 47.0% of participants were considered to have high knowledge, high attitude and good practice levels, respectively. 78.8% of participants stated that they disposed sharps waste in public household garbage bags, and one third disagreed that they safely collected and brought their used sharps to a hospital. The highest score in the practice section was on optimal needle recap. A partial correlation adjusting to determine the relationship of practice levels with knowledge and attitude levels after controlling for Baseline characteristics and duration of DM showed a statistically significant positive correlation between practice and knowledge levels (r = .172, P = .001) while statistically significant negative correlation between practice and attitude levels (r = - .116, P = .021).

Conclusion:

Patients with type 1 diabetes exhibited a significantly higher mean score in the practice only compared to patients with type 2 diabetes. A partial correlation showed a statistically significant positive correlation between practice and knowledge and a negative correlation between practice and attitude level.
Nanocarriers as Prospective Approach in Effective Management of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Lugani Tanya , Nagpal Manju , Malik Deepinder Singh , Sharma Ameya , Puri Vivek , Dhingra Gitika Arora
Published: September 2020

Acne is a chronic disease associated with the pilosebaceous unit and is affected by Propionibacterium
acnes bacteria. Approximately 95% of people worldwide suffer from acne in their life span
with a higher prevalence among teenagers (esp. boys). Conventional strategies incorporating antibiotics,
steroids, hormones, etc. are recommended orally, systemically, or topically, employed for the treatment
of acne but with various side effects (itching, scaling, redness, etc.) and are no more commercially accepted.
The literature has been collected using various search engines google scholar, PubMed, science
direct, etc. The review highlights the history of acne, its pathophysiology, developmental factors, various
treatment evolutions strategies ranging from conventional to novel approach eradicating the secondary
effects with enhanced efficacy and safety profile. We discussed various nanotechnological carriers
(liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microsponges and other
nanoscale formulations), which are formulated in the last decade for the effective treatment of acne. Patent
literature and marketed formulations are included in the last sections. The encapsulation efficiency
of anti-acne drugs in different nanocarriers improves the efficacy as well as minimizes the side effects
of the drug. These carriers showed better bioavailability as well as better penetration effects even to the
pilosebaceous unit of the skin. Tolerance can be improved by increasing the concentration of anti-acne
drugs in the nano-carrier formulation. Conventional treatment strategies for acne had some limitations
like scaling, itching, and inflammation which can be overcome by nano-formulations, which exhibit better
efficacy. At present, various nano-technological carriers are being used potentially for the treatment
of acne. These nano-formulations are also associated with some limitations like drug entrapment, stability
issues, but these will be overcome in the upcoming years as long as the research is being continued
in this area.
Surface-Level Actual Similarity Vs. Deep-Level Perceived Similarity: Predicting Leader-Member Exchange Agreement
Authors: Kacmar K. Michele , Harris Kenneth J. , Carlson Dawn S. , Zivnuska Suzanne
Published: September 2020

Drawing upon similarity-attraction theory (Byrne, 1971), we explore whether deep-level perceived similarity or surface-level actual similarity is more predictive of agreement between supervisors and subordinates about the quality of their relationship (LMX). To examine this question we analyze supervisor-subordinate agreement on four antecedents of LMX: one surface-level similarity variable (relational demography), and three deep-level similarity variables (common perspective, receptiveness, and liking). Responses from a matched set of 203 supervisor-subordinate dyads indicate that deeplevel similarity matters more than surface-level similarity since all three deep-level perceptual variables explain variance in LMX agreement above and beyond the variance explained by surface-level actual similarity.
Leader Levity: The Effects of a Leader’s Humor Delivery on Followers’ Positive Emotions and Creative Performance
Authors: Hughes Larry W.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a leader’s style of humor delivery is proposed to have an influence on followers’ positive emotions (e.g., joy, contentment, pride in one’s work), and subsequent creative performance. Extant literature is also presented in support of the proposition that humor delivery will have a positive effect on followers’ creativity and innovation. Positive emotions are proposed to mediate the relationship between humor and creative performance.
Screening for Hearing Impairment in Older Adults by Smartphone-Based Audiometry, Self-Perception, HHIE Screening Questionnaire, and Free-Field Voice Test: Comparative Evaluation of the Screening Accuracy With Standard Pure-Tone Audiometry
Authors: Li Lok Yee Joyce , Wang Shin-Yi , Wu Cheng-Jung , Tsai Cheng-Yu , Wu Te-Fang , Lin Yaoh-Shiang
Published: September 2020

Background

Hearing impairment is the most frequent sensory deficit in humans, affecting more than 360 million people worldwide. In fact, hearing impairment is not merely a health problem, but it also has a great impact on the educational performance, economic income, and quality of life. Hearing impairment is therefore an important social concern.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy of self-perception, Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening (HHIE-S) questionnaire, free-field voice test, and smartphone-based audiometry as tests for screening moderate hearing impairment in older adults in China.

Methods

In this study, 41 patients were recruited through a single otology practice. All patients were older than 65 years. Patients with otorrhea and cognitive impairment were excluded. Moderate hearing impairment was defined as mean hearing thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz >40 dB hearing loss (pure-tone average > 40 dB hearing loss). All patients completed 5 hearing tests, namely, the self-perception test, HHIE-S questionnaire test, free-field voice test, smartphone-based audiometry test, and standard pure-tone audiometry by the same audiologist. We compared the results of these tests to the standard audiogram in the better-hearing ear.

Results

The sensitivity and the specificity of the self-perception test were 0.58 (95% CI 0.29-0.84) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.19-0.54), respectively. The sensitivity and the specificity of the HHIE-S questionnaire test were 0.67 (95% CI 0.35-0.89) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.316-0.51), respectively. The sensitivity and the specificity of the free-field voice test were 0.83 (95% CI 0.51-0.97) and 0.41 (95% CI 0.24-0.61), respectively. The sensitivity and the specificity of the smartphone-based audiometry test were 0.92 (95% CI 0.60-0.99) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.56-0.89), respectively. Smartphone-based audiometry correctly diagnosed the presence of hearing loss with high sensitivity and high specificity.

Conclusions

Smartphone-based audiometry may be a dependable screening test to rule out moderate hearing impairment in the older population.
Primary Care Pre-Visit Electronic Patient Questionnaire for Asthma: Uptake Analysis and Predictor Modeling
Authors: Kouri Andrew , Yamada Janet , Sale Joanna E M , Straus Sharon E , Gupta Samir
Published: September 2020

Background

mHealth tablet-based interventions are increasingly being studied and deployed in various health care settings, yet little knowledge exists regarding patient uptake and acceptance or how patient demographics influence these important implementation metrics.

Objective

To determine which factors influence the uptake and successful completion of an mHealth tablet questionnaire by analyzing its implementation in a primary care setting.

Methods

We prospectively studied a patient-facing electronic touch-tablet asthma questionnaire deployed as part of the Electronic Asthma Management System. We describe tablet uptake and completion rates and corresponding predictor models for these behaviors.

Results

The tablet was offered to and accepted by patients in 891/1715 (52.0%) visits. Patients refused the tablet in 33.0% (439/1330) visits in which it was successfully offered. Patients aged older than 65 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.33-3.95) and with concurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.05-4.67) were more likely to refuse the tablet, and those on an asthma medication (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.30-0.99) were less likely to refuse it. Once accepted, the questionnaire was completed in 784/891 (88.0%) instances, with those on an asthma medication (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.88) being less likely to leave it incomplete.

Conclusions

Older age predicted initial tablet refusal but not tablet questionnaire completion, suggesting that perceptions of mHealth among older adults may negatively impact uptake, independent of usability. The influence of being on an asthma medication suggests that disease severity may also mediate mHealth acceptance. Although use of mHealth questionnaires is growing rapidly across health care settings and diseases, few studies describe their real-world acceptance and its predictors. Our results should be complemented by qualitative methods to identify barriers and enablers to uptake and may inform technological and implementation strategies to drive successful usage.
A Correlation Study to assess the Knowledge and Attitude regarding Post-Partum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (PPIUCD) among Women admitted in Antenatal and Post- Natal wards: An Institutional Study. (Preprint)
Authors: K Deepika , Pareek Shatrughan
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

India is 2ed most populous country in the world. Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is very effective, reversible and economical family planning method. In India acceptance rate of IUCD is very low, only 3% women in reproductive age group are using IUCD.

OBJECTIVE

Present study was conducted with aim to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) among women.

METHODS

A descriptive approach with non-experimental research design was used for the study. The subjects were 180 women selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. The study was conducted among the women admitted in antenatal and post-natal wards at Doon Medical College Female Hospital Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

RESULTS

The study showed that 54.44% average knowledge, 21.11 % were having poor knowledge, 23.33% were having no knowledge and only 1.11 % were having good knowledge reading PPIUCD. The study revealed that favorable and unfavorable attitude towards PPIUCD of women were 43.33% and 56.67% respectively. Additionally, the present study communicated that there was no correlation (-0.113) between knowledge and attitude towards PPIUCD among women. Furthermore, chi-square value showed that demographic variables like age, family income and education status were having association with the level knowledge regarding post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device while, no association was found between attitude and selected demographic variables.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings stress the need for teaching programmes, which in turn may enhance the knowledge and attitude of women regarding post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device. It will also helpful in improving the health status of women. Furthermore, it may reduce the maternal morbidity and mortality.

CLINICALTRIAL
Pasar, Tata Kelola Dan Hubungan Transnasional Di Era Globalisasi Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Politik Dunia
Authors: Hamonangan Iskandar
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT This paper discusses globalization and its relation to the markets, global governance and the transnational relations. The author describes globalization as a process of transition to an integrated global society. Globalization is generally associated with the global economy, but the globalization itself has gone beyond economic issues and has challenged to the resilience of global politics. Globalization also involves other issues such as the environment, global warming, and even human rights, which involve not only the state as an actor, but also non-state actors such as non-governmental organizations and civil society who have the possibility of influencing global political development at global level. The author argues that globalization has influenced and has shaped new forms of global political interactions. It can be seen since non-state actors such as non-governmental organizations and civil society can influence a state in making policy decisionsABSTRAKTulisan ini mendiskusikan globalisasi dan keterkaitannya dengan pasar, tata kelola global dan hubungan transnasional. Penulis menggambarkan globalisasi sebagai suatu proses transisi menuju suatu masyarakat global yang terintegrasi. Globalisasi pada umumnya dikaitkan dengan ekonomi global, namun pemahaman mengenai globalisasi telah melampaui masalah ekonomi dan memiliki tantangan-tantangan terhadap ketahanan politik global. Globalisasi juga melibatkan isu-isu seperti lingkungan, pemanasan global, bahkan hak asasi manusia, yang melibatkan tidak hanya negara sebagai aktor, namun juga aktor-aktor non negara seperti organisasi non-pemerintah dan masyarakat sipil dan memiliki kemungkinan dalam mempengaruhi perkembangan politik dunia secara global. Penulis berpendapat bahwa globalisasi memiliki pengaruh dan telah membentuk interaksi-interaksi politik global yang baru. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa aktor non negara seperti organisasi non-pemerintah dan kalangan masyarakat sipil dapat mempengaruhi suatu negara dalam pengambilan keputusan suatu kebijakan.
Strategi Pembentukan Ketahanan Pribadi Siswa Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Untuk Membangun Kesadaran Bernegara (Studi Di SMA Taruna Nusantara Magelang Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Dewi Diyah Kartika , Sunarso Sunarso
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT           This study aims to analyze the strategy of forming student’s personal resilience based on Pancasila values to build state awareness in Taruna Nusantara High School. This research uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study. Determination of the subject using a purposive technique. Data collection using observation and interview. The data analysis component uses interactive models while the validity of the data uses member check. The results showed that there were several strategies in the formation of personal endurance based on Pancasila values to build state awareness in Taruna Nusantara High School, namely (1) acculturation of Pancasila values through school culture using the exemplary and participatory approach of all school members, (2) carrying out project activities and, (3) the teacher carries out innovative learning. The formation of self-defense based on Pancasila values is important because it can produce a strong personality, nationalistic spirit, and be able to restore national identity.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi pembentukan ketahanan pribadi berbasis nilai-nilai Pancasila untuk membangun kesadaran bernegara di SMA Taruna Nusantara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Penentuan subjek menggunakan teknik purposive. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Komponen analisis data menggunakan interactive models sedangkan keabsahan data menggunakan member check. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa strategi dalam pembentukan ketahanan pribadi berbasis nilai-nilai Pancasila untuk membangun kesadaran bernegara di SMA Taruna Nusantara, yaitu (1) pembudayaan nilai-nilai Pancasila melalui budaya sekolah dengan menggunakan pendekatan keteladanan dan partisipastif dari semua warga sekolah, (2) melaksanakan kegiatan terproyek dan, (3) guru melaksanakan pembelajaran yang inovatif. Pembentukan ketahanan diri siswa berbasis nilai-nilai Pancasila penting untuk dilakukan karena dapat menghasilkan pribadi yang tangguh, berjiwa nasionalis, dan mampu mengembalikan jati diri bangsa
Acute Kidney Injury and Risk of CKD and Hypertension after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Zappitelli Michael , Parikh Chirag R. , Kaufman James S. , Go Alan S. , Kimmel Paul L. , Hsu Chi-yuan , Coca Steven G. , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Greenberg Jason H. , Moxey-Mims Marva M. , Ikizler T. Alp , Cockovski Vedran , Dyer Anne-Marie , Devarajan Prasad ,   for the ASsessment, Serial Evaluation, and Subsequent Sequelae in Acute Kidney Injury (ASSESS-AKI) Investigators
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives

The association of AKI after pediatric cardiac surgery with long-term CKD and hypertension development is unclear. The study objectives were to determine whether AKI after pediatric cardiac surgery is associated with incident CKD and hypertension.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This was a prospective cohort study of children of 1 month to 18 years old who were undergoing cardiac surgery at two tertiary care centers (Canada, United States). Participants were recruited before cardiac surgery and were followed during hospitalization and at 3, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after discharge. Exposures were postoperative AKI, based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition, and age <2 years old at surgery. Outcomes and measures were CKD (low eGFR or albuminuria for age) and hypertension (per the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines) at follow-up, with the composite outcome of CKD or hypertension.

Results

Among 124 participants, 57 (46%) developed AKI. AKI versus non-AKI participants had a median (interquartile range) age of 8 (4.8–40.8) versus 46 (6.0–158.4) months, respectively, and higher preoperative eGFR. From the 3- to 48-month follow-up, the cohort prevalence of CKD was high (17%–20%); hypertension prevalence was also high (22%–30%). AKI was not significantly associated with the development of CKD throughout follow-up. AKI was associated with hypertension development at 12 months after discharge (adjusted relative risk, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 3.95), but not at subsequent visits. Children aged <2 years old at surgery had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension during follow-up than older children (40% versus 21% at 3-month follow-up; 32% versus 13% at 48-month follow-up).

Conclusions

CKD and hypertension burden in the 4 years after pediatric cardiac surgery is high. Young age at surgery, but not AKI, is associated with their development.
VITAL POTENTIAL OF MULTIPLE HERBS IN PROPHYLAXIS OF OBESITY
Authors: WAL PRANAY , WAL ANKITA , CHAUBEY MADHVI
Published: September 2020

Objective: Allopathic medications are associated with several inconveniences such as drug dependency. More than 2000 herbal medicines have been proved to have a therapeutic effect in multiple disorders. The prominent aim of this review paper is to compute the therapeutic effect of herbal drug against obesity along with their different mechanisms.

Methods: Data have been selected by evaluating merger of specific review and research papers through filtering through data bases such as PubMed, and Google Scholar of last 10 years 2009–2019.

Results: On the basis of our interpretations, we have concluded that the herbal drugs constituting active constituents’ as tannins, alkaloids, resins, saponins, and flavonoids are effective in lowering the blood triglycerides level, lipid accumulation in liver, fat accumulation, adipocyte differentiation, and ultimately decrease body weight with almost negligible toxicity.

Conclusion: Obesity is highly related to elevated morbidity rate as well as has become cause of various disorders. Herbal drugs have potential to treat obesity through different mechanisms including lipid peroxidation, free-radical scavenging activity, and inhibition of fat accumulation.
COMPARISON OF INSULIN RESISTANCE WITH THE SEVERITY OF METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: N BHAGYASHREE , C RAMASWAMY , K RAMYA , M GANESH
Published: September 2020

Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) means a reduced ability of insulin to stimulate glucose utilization. IR is related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as the IR forms the basis for atherogenesis and acts as a major risk factor for atherosclerotic CVD.

Methods: Total of 195 participants were recruited divided into three groups based on the presence of metabolic abnormalities as control Group I (with <3 components of metabolic syndrome [MS]), MS group as Group II (with any 3 components of MS), and severe MS as Group III (with more than three components of MS).

Results: Results showed that fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin showed a significant difference between the groups (p<0.001), whereas fasting insulin and IR were higher in severe MS which showed statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in comparison with control and MS group.

Conclusion: IR is one of the principal factors for the development of MS and further threw light that the increase in the IR level proportionately increases the severity of MS.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES ON SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED BIOFLAVONOIDS AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF COVID-19 MAIN PROTEASE
Authors: SURYAWANSHI SHAILENDRA SANJAY , JAYANNACHE POOJA BHAVAKANA , PATIL RAJKUMAR SANJAY , MS PALLED , SG ALEGAON
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The objective of the study was to screen and assess the selected bioactive bioflavonoids in medicinal plants as potential coronaviruses (CoV) main protease (Mpro) inhibitors using molecular docking studies.

Methods: We have investigated several bioflavonoids which include apigenin, galangin, glycitein, luteolin, morin, naringin, resveratrol, and rutin. Nelfinavir and lopinavir were used as standard antiviral drugs for comparison. Mpro was docked with selected compounds using PyRx 0.8 and docking was analyzed by PyRx 0.8 and Biovia Discovery Studio 2019.

Results: The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with native ligand, nelfinavir, lopinavir, apigenin, galangin, glycitein, luteolin, morin, naringin, resveratrol, and rutin were found to be −7.4, −8.3, −8.0, −7.8, −7.3, −7, −7.4, −7.6, −7.8, −6.9, and −9 kcal/mol, respectively.

Conclusion: From the binding energy calculations, we can conclude that nelfinavir and lopinavir may represent potential treatment options and apigenin, galangin, glycitein, luteolin, morin, naringin, resveratrol, and rutin found to possess the best inhibitors of CoV disease-19 main protease.
BIOSIMILAR MEDICINE PRICE ANALYSIS IN BRAZIL: THE ANTIRHEUMATIC CASE
Authors: GONZALEZ MOSEGUI GABRIELA BITTENCOURT , VILLAR FERNANDO ANTOÑANZAS , VIANNA CID MANSO DE MELLO , GARCIA ROJAS PAULA
Published: September 2020

Objective: The introduction of biosimilar medicines in markets can bring savings to health systems, expanding the population’s access to various treatments. This study aims to analyze the price competition of biological agents and their biosimilars in Brazil within the scope of rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: Prices for 14 presentations of original and biosimilar medicines were analyzed from January 2003 to October 2019 in Brazil. Prices were taken from official lists and were noted since launch and during the later trading period. Prices were converted to United States dollars and adjusted for inflation for the 2003 base year.

Results: In Brazil, during this review period, prices of biopharmaceuticals decreased in real values, reaching up to a 50% reduction. The introduction of biosimilars did not affect the price sharing of biological medicines.

Conclusion: Biosimilar antirheumatics do not yet have a significant impact on the price of biologics marketed in Brazil. A change in this scenario is expected in the medium and long term.
HAILEY-HAILEY DISEASE – A CASE REPORT
Authors: P NAIR ANJALY , JOSEPH SIBY , R LAKSHMI , KURIAN SUNU
Published: September 2020

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare autosomal dominant skin condition discovered in 1939 by Hailey brothers. Prevalence is found to be around 1 in 50,000 and is relatively uncommon in India. First onset of disease occurs between 20 to 40 years of age, usually presented in the 3rd and 4th decades of life. Here, we report a case of a 50-year-old female who presented with clinical features of the HHD and showed greater response to the treatment.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GLIBENCLAMIDE GEL FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: ANWAR NOSHEEN , JAN SYED UMER , GUL REHMAM
Published: September 2020

Objective: The purpose of the recent study was to formulate glibenclamide gels for transdermal drug release, and to evaluate the oleic acid effect on the release of the preparations.

Methods: Oleic acid was used at a range of concentrations in the gel formulations and its effects observed in Glibenclamide gel using In vitro release of drug was done in Franz diffusion cells, whereas pH 7.4 Phosphate buffer was used for release studies. Formulations were characterized by clarity, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadabilty, skin irritation, drug content, stability studies. Scanning calroimetry analysis (SCA) and XRD studies were performed to assess the physical and chemical interactions.

Results: Release profiles in vitro were observed. The released quantity of drug recovered from the glibenclamide gel after the addition of 1% oleic acid, increased with increasing concentration of the enhancer that is oleic acid. Whereas drug quantity recovered in the receptor solvent was 69.999% of Glibenclamide gel having 3% oleic acid. All the formulation were physicochemically stable. The data was statistically analyzed by using SPSS and DD solver.

Conclusion: The drug is released and the oleic acid does enhance the release of the drug with the increase in its concentration.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE IN API AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: KOKANE ANJALI P. , SHINDE BHAGYASHRI S. , KALSHETTI M. S.
Published: September 2020

Objective: The current work intended towards the developed and validated UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Tiotropium Bromide in API and pharmaceutical formulation.

Methods: The UV spectrum of tiotropium bromide in methanol shows maximum absorbance at 230 nm. Calibration curve method was used for the estimation of tiotropium bromide in API and pharmaceutical formulation.

Results: Maximum absorbance obtained in 230 nm. Calibration curve plotted in concentration range 20-120 µm/ml exhibit the linearity relationship with line equation y=0.0057x+0.3319. The Accuracy was found to be 80-100.5%. The precision %RSD=0.1110, and the limit of detection(LOD)=4.12and limit of quantification (LOQ= 12.50. The method was found to comply all the validation parameters as per the ICH guideline in indicating the sensitivity of the method analyte.

Conclusion: This method is used as satisfactory for the routine analysis of tiotropium bromide in API and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
OVERVIEW OF FORMULATION, MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATIONS OF MINI TABLETS
Authors: PATIL PRATIKSHA , P. RASHMI
Published: September 2020

Mini tablets, recent trend of solid dosage form, made remarkable contribution to avoid certain obstacles in people’s mind and offered best therapeutic benefits, flexible dose and combined released pattern. Mini tablets were developed and reported as patient friendly with increased patient acceptance. Mini tablets were made into modified release system for better dose and prolong drug release. They offer the advantage of reduced dose dumping and increased effect of drug by localization. Manufacture of mini tablets are similar to conventional tablets but need a change in tooling, equipment and specifications. Evaluation parameters found to be similar with conventional tablets but doses are variable. Mini tablets can also be encapsulated and hence different drug combinations are tried and found useful.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE LOADED NANOSPONGES FOR ORAL DELIVERY
Authors: RAO B. NARASIMHA , REDDY K. RAVINDRA , FATHIMA S. RAHATH , PREETHI P.
Published: September 2020

Objective: In the current investigation,nanosponges were set up by emulsion solvent diffusion technique utilizing ethyl cellulose and β-cyclodextrin as polymers.

Methods: Diltiazem hydrochloride is taken as model medication for considering different nanosponge formulations. The similarity of different formulation segments was set up by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Molecular size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency and drug content of nanosponges were analyzed. Shape and surface morphology of the nanosponges were inspected utilizing scanning electron microscopy.

Results: Molecule size of formulated nanosponges was seen in the scope of 186 to 476 nm. Scanning electron microscopy uncovered the permeable, round nature of the nanosponges. The drug content of nanosponges for ethyl cellulose containing formulations was seen as in the scope of 62.25 to 85.11% and for the β-cyclodextrin containing details were seen as in the scope of 65.18-89.67%. The percentage entrapment effectiveness of nanosponges for ethyl cellulose containing formulations were seen as in the scope of 54.18 to 79.49% and for the β-cyclodextrin containing details were seen as in the scope of 58.21-83.45%. In vitro drugreleasefindings demonstrated that at 12 h ethyl cellulose containing formulations discharged the drug in the scope of 57.27-89.09% and for the β-cyclodextrin containing formulations discharged in the scope of 73.94-93.26%.

Conclusion: Sustained drugreleasefrom formulations is supported if there is an occurrence of ethyl cellulose in the formulations rather with plans containing β-cyclodextrin.
Where The Sidewalk Ends: The Governance Of Waterfront Toronto’s Sidewalk Labs Deal
Authors: Flynn Alexandra , Valverde Mariana
Published: September 2020

In May 2020 Sidewalk Labs, the Google-affiliated ‘urban innovation’ company, announced that it was abandoning its ambition to build a ‘smart city’ on Toronto’s waterfront and thus ending its three-year relationship with Waterfront Toronto. This is thus a good time to look back and examine the whole process, with a view to drawing lessons both for the future of Canadian smart city projects and the future of public sector agencies with appointed boards. This article leaves to one side the gadgets and sensors that drew much attention to the proposed project, and instead focuses on the governance aspects, especially the role of the public ‘partner’ in the contemplated public-private partnership. We find that the multi-government agency, Waterfront Toronto, had transparency and accountability deficiencies, and failed to consistently defend the public interest from the beginning (the Request for Proposals issued in May of 2017).  Because the public partner in the proposed ‘deal’ was not, as is usually the case in smart city projects, a municipal corporation, our research allows us to address an important question in administrative law, namely: what powers should administrative bodies outside of government have in crafting smart city policies?

In Canada, the comparatively limited Canadian scholarly work regarding urban law and governance has mainly focused on municipal governments themselves, and this scholarly void has contributed to the fact that the public is largely unaware of the numerous local bodies that oversee local matters beyond municipal governments.  This paper hones into the details of the WT-Sidewalk Labs partnership to understand the powers and limitations of WT in assuming a governmental role in establishing and overseeing ‘smart city’ relationships. It ultimately argues that WT has not been – nor should it be – empowered to create a smart city along Toronto’s post-industrial waterfront. Such tasks, we argue, belong to democratic bodies like municipalities. An important contribution of this paper is to situate the evolving role of public authorities in the local governance literature and in the context of administrative law.
The Effectiveness of Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) in Decreasing The Risk of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ar Rahmah Arsyka Hunjri
Published: September 2020

Every year more than 36 million people die due to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD). Globally, the number one cause of death for NCD every year is cardiovascular disease. Coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension and stroke are cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis can be a cause of cardiovascular disease. One of the therapies that can be done to treat atherosclerosis is curcumin compound. Curcumin is an active compound in turmeric (Curcuma domestica) which functions in reducing cholesterol, antioxidant, antitoxin and anti-inflammatory. Therefore, the potential effect of curcumin can be an alternative therapy to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. This study aims to prove the effectiveness of turmeric as an alternative therapy in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. This type of research is a descriptive form of literature study that is made using secondary data in the form of sources obtained from library studies. The method used is collecting research results from various journals, case reports and research articles. From several studies conducted on humans, curcumin is safe to use and does not show toxic effects up to a dose of 500 mg given 2 times a day for 30 days. Curcuminoids found in turmeric have benefits as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant so that they can be used as alternative therapies for atherosclerosis.
DEICTIC LOCATIVE ADVERBS IN KHAKAS LANGUAGE
Authors: Чугунекова Алена Николаевна
Published: September 2020

В настоящей статье представлены результаты исследования дейктических локативных наречий в хакасском языке. Дейктические локативные наречия, как и другие указательные слова, характеризуют положение объекта по степени близости к говорящему лицу («дейктическому центру»). Каждый язык обладает своей (двучленной, трехчленной и более) системой деления пространства относительно дейктического центра. В хакасском языке положение объекта в пространстве относительно говорящего определяется через трехчленную систему: проксимальную («ближе к говорящему лицу»), медиальную («чуть дальше от говорящего лица») и экстремальную («далеко от говорящего лица»). Каждая из систем включает локативные, адлокативные, делокативные и транслокативные значения.
Дейктические локативные наречия выполняют функцию союзных слов в составе бипредикативных конструкций места. В предложении этим наречиям отводится роль обстоятельства места. Кроме того, некоторые наречия экстремального дейксиса служат для развития темпорального значения.

This article presents the results of the study of deictic locative adverbs in the Khakass language. Deictic locative adverbs, like other demonstrative words, characterize the position of an object by the degree of proximity to the speaking person ("deictic center"). Each language has its own (binomial, trinomial and more) system of division of space with respect to the deictic center. In Khakass, the position of an object in space relative to the speaker is determined through a three-membered system: proximal ("closer to the speaking face"), medial ("slightly farther from the speaking face"), and extreme ("far from the speaking face"). Each system includes locative, adlocative, delocative, and translocative values.
Locative deictic adverbs perform the function of the Union of words in the composition biprediction designs place. In the sentence, these adverbs play the role of the circumstance of place. In addition, some dialects of the extreme deixis are used for the development of temporal values.