bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventrolateral Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons Positively Regulate Food-Incentive, Goal-Directed Behavior Independently of D1 and D2 Selectivity
Authors: Natsubori Akiyo , Tsutsui-Kimura Iku , Nishida Hiroshi , Bouchekioua Youcef , Sekiya Hiroshi , Uchigashima Motokazu , Watanabe Masahiko , de Kerchove d'Exaerde Alban , Mimura Masaru , Takata Norio , Tanaka Kenji F.
Published: February 2017

The ventral striatum is involved in motivated behavior. Akin to the dorsal striatum, the ventral striatum contains two parallel pathways: the striatomesencephalic pathway consisting of dopamine receptor Type 1-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) and the striatopallidal pathway consisting of D2-MSNs. These two genetically identified pathways are thought to encode opposing functions in motivated behavior. It has also been reported that D1/D2 genetic selectivity is not attributed to the anatomical discrimination of two pathways. We wanted to determine whether D1- and D2-MSNs in the ventral striatum functioned in an opposing manner as previous observations claimed, and whether D1/D2 selectivity corresponded to a functional segregation in motivated behavior of mice. To address this question, we focused on the lateral portion of ventral striatum as a region implicated in food-incentive, goal-directed behavior, and recorded D1 or D2-MSN activity by using a gene-encoded ratiometric Ca2+indicator and by constructing a fiberphotometry system, and manipulated their activities via optogenetic inhibition during ongoing behaviors. We observed concurrent event-related compound Ca2+elevations in ventrolateral D1- and D2-MSNs, especially at trial start cue-related and first lever press-related times. D1 or D2 selective optogenetic inhibition just after the trial start cue resulted in a reduction of goal-directed behavior, indicating a shared coding of motivated behavior by both populations at this time. Only D1-selective inhibition just after the first lever press resulted in the reduction of behavior, indicating D1-MSN-specific coding at that specific time. Our data did not support opposing encoding by both populations in food-incentive, goal-directed behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAn opposing role of dopamine receptor Type 1 or Type 2-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs or D2-MSNs) on striatum-mediated behaviors has been widely accepted. However, this idea has been questioned by recent reports. In the present study, we measured concurrent Ca2+activity patterns of D1- and D2-MSNs in the ventrolateral striatum during food-incentive, goal-directed behavior in mice. According to Ca2+activity patterns, we conducted timing-specific optogenetic inhibition of each type of MSN. We demonstrated that both D1- and D2-MSNs in the ventrolateral striatum commonly and positively encoded action initiation, whereas only D1-MSNs positively encoded sustained motivated behavior. These findings led us to reconsider the prevailing notion of a functional segregation of MSN activity in the ventral striatum.
ARPP-16 Is a Striatal-Enriched Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulated by Microtubule-Associated Serine/Threonine Kinase 3 (Mast 3 Kinase)
Authors: Andrade Erika C. , Musante Veronica , Horiuchi Atsuko , Matsuzaki Hideo , Brody A. Harrison , Wu Terence , Greengard Paul , Taylor Jane R. , Nairn Angus C.
Published: February 2017

ARPP-16 (cAMP-regulated phospho-protein of molecular weight 16 kDa) is one of several small acid-soluble proteins highly expressed in medium spiny neurons of striatum that are phosphorylated in response to dopamine acting via D1 receptor/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. We show here that ARPP-16 is also phosphorylatedin vitroandin vivoby microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase 3 (MAST3 kinase), an enzyme of previously unknown function that is enriched in striatum. We find that ARPP-16 interacts directly with the scaffolding A subunit of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase, PP2A, and that phosphorylation of ARPP-16 at Ser46 by MAST3 kinase converts the protein into a selective inhibitor of B55α- and B56δ-containing heterotrimeric forms of PP2A. Ser46 of ARPP-16 is phosphorylated to a high basal stoichiometry in striatum, suggestive of basal inhibition of PP2A in striatal neurons. In support of this hypothesis, conditional knock-out of ARPP-16 in CaMKIIα::cre/floxed ARPP-16/19 mice results in dephosphorylation of a subset of PP2A substrates including phospho-Thr75-DARPP-32, phospho-T308-Akt, and phospho-T202/Y204-ERK. Conditional knock-out of ARPP-16/19 is associated with increased motivation measured on a progressive ratio schedule of food reinforcement, yet an attenuated locomotor response to acute cocaine. Our previous studies have shown that ARPP-16 is phosphorylated at Ser88 by PKA. Activation of PKA in striatal slices leads to phosphorylation of Ser88, and this is accompanied by marked dephosphorylation of Ser46. Together, these studies suggest that phospho-Ser46-ARPP-16 acts to basally control PP2A in striatal medium spiny neurons but that dopamine acting via PKA inactivates ARPP-16 leading to selective potentiation of PP2A signaling.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe describe a novel mechanism of signal transduction enriched in medium spiny neurons of striatum that likely mediates effects of the neurotransmitter dopamine acting on these cells. We find that the protein ARPP-16, which is highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons, acts as a selective inhibitor of certain forms of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase, PP2A, when phosphorylated by the kinase, MAST3. Under basal conditions, ARPP-16 is phosphorylated by MAST3 to a very high stoichiometry. However, the actions of MAST3 are antagonized by dopamine and cAMP-regulated signaling leading to disinhibition of ARPP-16 and increased PP2A action.
PRC2 is dispensable for HOTAIR‐mediated transcriptional repression
Authors: Portoso Manuela , Ragazzini Roberta , Brenčič Živa , Moiani Arianna , Michaud Audrey , Vassilev Ivaylo , Wassef Michel , Servant Nicolas , Sargueil Bruno , Margueron Raphaël
Published: February 2017

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play diverse roles in physiological and pathological processes. Several lncRNAs have been suggested to modulate gene expression by guiding chromatin‐modifying complexes to specific sites in the genome. However, besides the example of Xist, clear‐cut evidence demonstrating this novel mode of regulation remains sparse. Here, we focus on HOTAIR, a lncRNA that is overexpressed in several tumor types and previously proposed to play a key role in gene silencing through direct recruitment of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) to defined genomic loci. Using genetic tools and a novel RNA‐tethering system, we investigated the interplay between HOTAIR and PRC2 in gene silencing. Surprisingly, we observed that forced overexpression of HOTAIR in breast cancer cells leads to subtle transcriptomic changes that appear to be independent of PRC2. Mechanistically, we found that artificial tethering of HOTAIR to chromatin causes transcriptional repression, but that this effect does not require PRC2. Instead, PRC2 recruitment appears to be a consequence of gene silencing. We propose that PRC2 binding to RNA might serve functions other than chromatin targeting.
Mathematization of geology
Authors: Suarez-Burgoa Ludger O.
Published: February 2017

This article has the objective to consider about the importance of the mathematization of the geology in the Colombian universities. Even though the analysis and the data were taken for the particular case of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Medellin, because of the similitude that the careers of Geology and Engineering Geology have in common, it can be considered possible to extrapolate and generalize the conclusions valid for any university in the territory of Colombia. This article analyses the actual standing, its limitations, and show different obstacles limited the development of this as a strong branch of geology; and projects a better situation for the immediate future. The article begins with an historic review that will help to understand how this branch has been coexisted just from the beginning of the formalization of geology as a science in Europe and North America.
Ensino de PLA para falantes de espanhol: uma proposta de sequência didática para alunos iniciantes
Authors: Santos Leticia Grubert dos , Baumvol Laura Knijnik , Gomes Cristina Pinheiro
Published: February 2017

This paper aims at presenting a didactic sequence for Portuguese as an additional language Spanish students, at the beginner level. Since the two languages have many similarities, these students have specific characteristics and needs which must be taken into account when planning a lesson. Based on the theoretical perspective of Bakhtin’s discourse genres and considering the construct of proficiency in Celpe-Bras Exam, a sequence was designed to promote the practice of conversation skills. A detailed rationale and analysis of a sequence on the theme “Volunteer work” is presented. The study brings important contributions and reflections to Portuguese as an additional language teachers regarding the main issues involved in the design of tasks to students of similar languages.
Calidad de suelos bajo dos esquemas de manejo en ncas cafeteras del sur de Colombia.
Authors: Valbuena-Calderón Oscar Eduardo , Rodríguez-Pérez Wilson , Suárez-Salazar Juan Carlos
Published: February 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer un índice de calidad de suelo aditivo (ICSA) en arreglos agroforestales de café (Coffea arabica L.). El estudio se llevó a cabo bajo dos esquemas de manejo intensivo y tradicional, en nueve ncas (32 lotes) en el sur de Colombia, durante el año 2013. Se realizó un análisis de separación de medias mediante la prueba de LSD Fisher (P<0,05) a cada una de las variables físicas y químicas del suelo. Las variables que presentaron diferencias entre los esquemas fueron sometidas a análisis de componentes principales para seleccionar el conjunto mínimo de datos (CMD) de los componentes que explicaron la mayor variabilidad y se veri có redundancia entre los indicadores a partir de la correlación. El ICSA se obtuvo a partir de la sumatoria de los índices de calidad del suelo (ICS) de todos los indicadores, teniendo en cuenta que entre mayor sea el valor del ICSA mejor es la calidad del suelo del sistema en estudio. Las variables físicas seleccionadas fueron contenido de arena, arcilla; mientras que las variables químicas fueron: carbono orgánico (OC), P, Ca, Mg, bases totales (BT) y Ca/ Mg. El mejor ICSA se obtuvo para el manejo tradicional, debido a que los valores de las variables seleccionadas coincidieron en mayor proporción con el objetivo de calidad identi cado para la cuanti cación del ICSA; en este caso el rendimiento del cultivo, basado en valores límites de producción del cultivo de café.
Producción de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) con urea normal y polimerizada en Pintag, Quito, Ecuador.
Authors: Lema-Aguirre Andrea C. , Basantes-Morales Emilio R. , Pantoja-Guamán José L.
Published: February 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la respuesta de la producción de cebada a la fertilización nitrogenada (FN) y el impacto de esta en el contenido proteico del grano y la disponibilidad de nutrientes del suelo. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos sitios de la Hacienda Valencia, en la localidad de Pintag, Quito, Ecuador, entre marzo 2014 y febrero 2015. Se utilizó la variedad INIAP Cañicapa 2003, y la FN se efectuó con urea normal y polimerizada (urea + tiofosfato de N-n- butiltriamida). Se empleó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones en un arreglo de parcelas divididas [la urea (normal o polimerizada) fue la parcela principal y la FN (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, y 150 kg N/ha) la sub-parcela]. Se utilizó 110 kg/ha de semilla; 50% de la FN se aplicó tres semanas después de la siembra (al voleo) y 50% a las ocho semanas. El tipo de urea no afectó la producción (p>0,10), aunque el promedio fue diferente entre los dos sitios (4,33 y 2,08 t/ha para los sitios 1 y 2, respectivamente). El exceso de lluvia pudo limitar el efecto del tipo de urea. En promedio se obtuvo una respuesta cuadrática a la FN, con una dosis óptima de N (DON) de 90 kg N/ha y una producción de 3,41 t/ha. Esta DON fue similar a las dosis de N recomendadas para cebada en Ecuador. La FN aumentó el contenido de proteína en el grano hasta 14,50% (p<0,01) y acidi có el suelo, porque la nitri cación de urea produce H+.
La repetitividad como estimador de la precisión experimental en el análisis de experimentos.
Authors: Camargo-Buitrago Ismael , Gordon-Mendoza Roman , Quirós-McIntire Evelyn Itzel
Published: February 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue mostrar que la repetitividad es un estadístico que está relacionado con la precisión experimental en el análisis de experimentos. Se utilizó la base de datos del proyecto de arroz del Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria de Panamá. Se analizaron 379 experimentos individuales, agrupados en 41 ensayos, sembrados en las principales zonas arroceras de Panamá, entre los años 2000 a 2014. Se estimaron los componentes de la varianza mediante el análisis REML individual y combinado, se realizaron cálculos estadísticos como: el coe ciente de variación (CV), diferencia mínima signi cativa (DMS), repetitividad (H), rango, coe ciente de determinación (R2) y cociente DMS/rango. Para determinar los valores de repetitividad apropiados para incorporar localidades en análisis combinados y mejorar la precisión experimental, se realizó varias veces el análisis. Los análisis individuales y combinados mostraron una relación entre el DMS/rango vs repetitividad. Al descartar los sitios con H<0, la precisión aumentó en 60%, con descartes de ensayos menores 0,20, 0,30, 0,40 y 0,50, los niveles de precisión fueron 38, 67, 56 y 50%, respectivamente. Se con rmó la conveniencia de incluir en el análisis combinado localidades con H>0,20, y descartar aquellas con H menores. Hubo relación lineal entre el número de localidades y la repetitividad, un aumento de localidades y de la repetitividad, mejorando la precisión. La relación número de localidades vs. DMS/rango fue inversa, al aumentar las localidades disminuyó la proporción DMS/ rango, incrementando la precisión experimental.
KOMPOSISI UKURAN, PERBANDINGAN JENIS KELAMIN, DAN TINGKAT KEMATANGAN GONAD IKAN TODAK BERPARUH PENDEK (Tetrapturus angustirostris) DI SAMUDERAHINDIA
Authors: Novianto Dian , Nugraha Budi , Bahtiar Andi
Published: February 2017

Ikan todak berparuh pendek atau ikan tumbuk atau shortbill spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris) merupakan salah satu hasil tangkapan sampingan rawai tuna. Informasi mengenai ikan todak berparuh pendek seperti komposisi ukuran, perbandingan kelamin, dan tingkat kematangan gonadsangat terbatas. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan data dan informasi mengenai aspek biologi ikan todak berparuh pendek yang merupakan hasil tangkapan sampingan dari rawai tuna yang beroperasi di Samudera Hindia. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September sampai Desember 2008 di perairan Samudera Hindia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ikan todak berparuh pendek memiliki kisaran panjang tubuh 135-175 cmLJFL dan modus pada kisaran 155-165 cmLJFL.Perbandingan jenis kelamin ikan jantan dan betina 1:13,5, berdasarkan atas hasil uji chi-square menunjukan bahwa rasio ikan jantan dan betina pada periode penelitian ini tidak seimbang. Pada bulan September ikan todak berparuh pendek betina didominansi oleh tingkat kematangan gonad IIsebesar 66,7%, bulan Oktober oleh tingkat kematangan gonad V sebesar 46,2%, bulan Nopember oleh tingkat kematangan gonad II sebesar 53,3%, sedangkan pada bulan Desember oleh tingkat kematangan gonad III sebesar 42,9%. Pada bulan Nopember sampai Desember terlihat bahwa tingkat kematangan gonad V mulai berkurang, hal ini menunjukan bahwa pada bulan Nopember sampai Desember diduga banyak ikan todak berparuh pendek betina yang sudah memijah. Shortbill Spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris) is one of bycatch of tuna longline. Information about shortbill spearfish on the size composition, sex ratio, and maturity stage is still very limited. The objective this paper is to present the data and information about shortbill spearfish which is a bycatch of tuna longline that operated in the Indian Ocean. Research was conducted during September until December 2008 in Indian Ocean. The results showed that the shortbill spearfish have body length about 135-175 cmLJFL and modes in 155-165 cmLJFL. Sex ratio of the male and female was 1:13.5. Based on chi-square test showed that the ratio of male and female in the period of the study was not balanced. In September, the female stage maturity was dominated by level II of 66.7%, October by level V of 46.2%, November by level II of 53.3%, and December by level III of 42.9%. During November until December showed that the maturity stage of level V was decreased, this shows that in this time the female of shortbill spearfish was spawned.
KEPADATAN DAN KONDISI HABITAT KERANG KIMA (CARDIIDAE: TRIDACNINAE) DI BEBERAPA LOKASI DI PERAIRAN SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Arbi Ucu Yanu
Published: February 2017

Kima merupakan salah satu jenis kerang laut yang telah dieksploitasi oleh nelayan Sulawesi Utara dalam skala besar karena memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepadatan dan kondisi habitat kerang kima di perairan Sulawesi Utara pada tahun 2007-2009. Daerah penelitian ini meliputi perairan Bitung, Pulau Lembeh, Taman Nasional Bunaken, Likupang, Pulau Talise, Kepulauan Sangihe, dan Kepulauan Talaud. Pengambilan data dilakukandengan metode rapid reef resources inventory dan metode kuadrat transek garis. Ditemukan 1.064 individu kima yang terdiri atas tujuh jenis, yaitu Tridacna crocea, Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna maxima, Tridacna derasa, Tridacna gigas, Hippopus hippopus, dan Hippopus porcelanus. Kepadatan kimasecara keseluruhan di lokasi penelitian rata-rata 0,53 ind./m2. Kepadatan tertinggi adalah jenis Tridacna crocea (rata-rata 0,32 ind./m2), sedangkan terendah adalah jenis Tridacna gigas, Tridacna derasa, dan Hippopus porcelanus (0,01 ind./m2). Giant clam is one of the sea shells that have been exploited by the fisherman of North Sulawesi, a large scale because it has a high economic value. This study aims to determine the distribution and density of giant clams in North Sulawesi waters in 2007-2009. Research conducted in the waters of Bitung, Pulau Lembeh, Bunaken National Park, Likupang, Talise Island, Sangihe Islands, and Talaud Islands. Data retrieval is done by the rapid reef resources inventory method and the quadrat line transect method. 1.064 individual of giant clams was found consisting of seven species, there are Tridacna crocea, Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna maxima, Tridacna derasa, Tridacna gigas, Hippopus hippopus and Hippopus porcelanus. Density of giant clams density is 0,53 ind./m2. The highest density of individuals is Tridacna crocea (0,32 ind./m2), while the lowest is Tridacna gigas, Tridacna derasa and Hippopus porcelanus (0.01 ind./m2).
ASPEK BIOLOGI IKAN LIDAH (Achiroides leuchorhinchos) DAN SEBARAN DI SUNGAI MUSI, SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Nurhayati Eti , Prianto Eko
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sungai Musi, Sumatera Selatan pada tahun 2007 untuk mempelajari biologi ikan lidah (Achiroides leuchorhinchos) yang meliputi distribusi ukuran, bobot tubuh, kebiasaan makan, fekunditas, serta sebaran di Sungai Musi. Contoh ikan diperoleh dengan alat jaring, jala, dan stroom eksperimen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan lidah (Achiroides leuchorhinchos) terdapat di Sungai Musi bagian hulu sampai dengan hilir. Ikan ini memiliki pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif (b=2.894) dengan ikan terbanyak pada kisaran panjang 41 sampai dengan 48 mm dan 0,5 sampai dengan 1 g. Ikan lidah (Achiroides leuchorhinchos) termasuk ikan karnifora dengan makanan utama kepiting dan makanan pelengkap ikan. Pola pemijahan adalah total spawner dengan fekunditas sekitar 2x103 butir telur berukuran rata-rata 0,06 mm. Musim pemijahan ikan lidah (Achiroides leuchorhinchos) diperkirakan terjadi pada bulan Juli (musim kemarau). Research was done in Musi River, South Sumatera in 2007 to study the biology of tongue fish (Achiroides leuchorhinchos) covering distribution of size measure, body wight, food habit, fecundity, and distribution in Musi River. Fish samples were collected by using net and electric fishing. The result shows that tongue fish (Achiroides leuchorhinchos) was found in upstream until downstream. This fish has negative growth allometric pattern (b=2,894). Tongue fish is carnivore with the espesial food crab and fish as complement food. Its fecunditity pattern is total spawner with number of eggs of about 2x103 eggs, size of eggs of 0.06 mm. The spawning season of tongue fish might occur on July (dry season).
KONTRIBUSI IKAN PARI (Elasmobranchii) PADA PERIKANAN CANTRANG DI LAUT JAWA
Authors: Fahmi Fahmi , Adrim Mohammad , Dharmadi Dharmadi
Published: February 2017

Tinggi tingkat eksploitasi ikan hiu (Shark) dan pari (Elasmobranchii) di Indonesia telah memberikan predikat pada negara ini sebagai negara dengan total produksi ikan-ikan Elasmobranchii yang terbesar di dunia. Akan tetapi, upaya pengelolaan dan konservasi terhadap sumber daya tersebut di Indonesia belum terlaksana disebabkan minim informasi dan data yang mendukung baik biologi maupun perikanan. Penelitian hiu (Shark) dan pari (Elasmobranchii) di Indonesia yang secara intensif telah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 2001, telah berhasil menginventalisir keanekaragaman jenis ikan-ikan Elasmobranchii dari sebagian besar wilayah perairan Indonesia, dan informasi biologi untuk beberapa jenis hiu (Shark) dan pari (Elasmobranchii) yang umum dijumpai telah berhasil pula diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan pari (Elasmobranchii) merupakan kelompok ikan bertulang rawan yang umum dijumpai di perairan Laut Jawa dibandingkan kelompok ikan hiu. Ikan pari bintang (Shark), Himantura gerrardi merupakan salah satu jenis pari (Elasmobranchii) yang paling umum ditemui di seluruh wilayah perairan Indonesia dan memiliki kontribusi yang sangat besar pada total hasil tangkapan yang menggunakan jaring cantrang (danish seine net) di Laut Jawa. Berdasarkan pada hasil tersebut, jenis pari (Elasmobranchii) ini dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu spesies indikator terhadap keberlangsungan perikanan Elasmobranchii di Indonesia bagian barat, atau Laut Jawa pada khususnya. Indonesia has been regarded as a country which has the highest production of Elasmobranchs in the world. In contrast, there are still no management and conservation actions for this group of fishes yet due to the lack of knowledge and information on Elasmobranchs in Indonesia. Study on sharks and rays have been conducted intensively since 2001 and recorded some preliminary informations about Elasmobranch diversity in this country. One of the results summarized that rays were more common group of Elasmobranchs occurred in the Java Sea. Also, Himantura gerrardi was indicated as one of the commonest rays and it gave the highest contribution of Elasmobranchs caught by the danish seine fishery operating in the Java Sea. This species can also be used as an indicator species for the sustainability of Elasmobranch fisheries in Indonesia or in the Java Sea.
INDEKS KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI IKAN DEMERSAL DI PERAIRAN ARAFURA
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto
Published: February 2017

Penelitian tentang indeks keanekaragaman hayati ikan demersal telah dilakukan pada periode tahun 2001 sampai dengan 2006 menggunakan sarana kapal riset KM. Mutiara, KM. Bawal Putih I, dan KM. Mandidihang 02. Data spesies ikan demersal dikumpulkan dari hasil pengambilan contoh penangkapan menggunakan alat tangkap jaring pukat dasar dengan metode sapuan area. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan di sub lahan tepian Laut Arafura (sekitar daerah Mappi sampai dengan Dolak) dan sub lahan tengah Laut Arafura (sekitar Kepulauan Aru). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa status kekayaan jenis ikan demersal sampai dengan tahun 2006 memiliki 149 spesies yang tergolong dalam 71 famili. Ikan-ikan yang cenderung memiliki jumlah individu terbanyak adalah kelompok famili ikan petek (Leiognathidae), gerot-gerot (Pomadasyidae), dan gulamah (Scianidae). Tingkat keanekaragaman jenis ikan demersal di perairan Arafura termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Kondisi komunitas bersifat labil dan cenderung mengalami penurunan. Status keanekaragaman hayati sampai dengan tahun 2006 memiliki indeks keanekaragaman jenis Shanon-Wiener (H’) berkisar 2,22 sampai dengan 2,79; indeks kekayaan jenis Margalef (R1 ) berkisar 4,84 sampai dengan 11,23; indeks keragaman Hill number (N1) berkisar 9,2 sampai dengan 16,3 dan indeks kemerataan jenis Pielou (E) berkisar 0,54 sampai dengan 0,56. Study on biodiversity indices of demersal fish was conducted in the period of 2001 until 2006 by using research vessel MV. MUTIARA, MV. BAWAL PUTIH I, and MV. MANDIDIHANG 02. Species data of demersal fish were collected from fishing samples by using bottom trawl with swept area method. Sampling location in the waters shore of Arafura Sea with sub area Mappi to Dolak and middle area of Arafura Sea (around of Aru Island). Result indicates that status of richness species of demersal fish till year 2006 of 149 species belongging to 71 families were recorded. Dominant families were Leiognathidae, Pomadasyidae, and Scianidae. From diversity analysis it also indicates that species diversity index in the Arafura Sea was at mid level. Condition of fish community was likely labile and the trend of it was decreasing. Index of biodiversity up to 2006 Shanon-Wiener (H’) was 2.22 until 2.79; species richness indices of Margalef (R1 ) were 4.84 until 1.23, diversity number Hill (N1) 9.2 until 16.3, and evenness indices of Pielou (E 1) were 0.54 until 0.56.
Initial Phase Proximity for Reachback Firefly Synchronicity in WSNs: Node Clustering
Authors: Misbahuddin Misbahuddin , Sari Riri Fitri
Published: February 2017

Synchronicity is one of the essential basic services to support the main duties of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Synchronicity is the ability to arrange simultaneously collective actions in WSNs. A high-rate data sampling to analyze the seismic structure and volcanic monitoring is the important applications requiring a synchronicity. However, most of the existing synchronicity algorithm is still executed in a flat network, so that it requires a long time to achieve a synchronous condition. To increase the convergence rate, the synchronicity can be executed concurrently through a clustering scheme approach. In this work, the such scheme is called as the Node Clustering based on Initial Phase Proximity for Reachback Firefly Synchronicity (NCIPP-RFS). The NCIPP-RFS solves in three steps: (1) constructing the node clustering, (2) intra-cluster synchronicity, and (3) inter-cluster synchronicity. The NCIPP-RFS method is based on the firefly-inspired algorithm. The fireflies are a species in the natural system, which are able to manage their flashing for synchronicity in a distributed manner. The NCIPP-RFS was implemented in NS-3 and evaluated and compared with Reachback Firefly Algorithm (RFA). The simulation results show a significant increase in the convergence rate. The NCIPP-RFS can reach a convergence time shorter than the RFA. In addition, the NCIPP-RFS was compared in the various numbers of clusters, where the least number of clusters can reach the fastest convergence rate. Finally, it can also contribute significantly to the increase of the convergence rate if the number of nodes is greater than or equal to 50 nodes.
Big Data on Decision Making in Energetic Management of Copper Mining
Authors: Lagos Carolina , Carrasco Raúl , Fuertes Guillermo , Gutiérrez Sabastián , Soto Ismael , Vargas Manuel
Published: February 2017

It is proposed an analysis of the related variables with the energetic consumption in the process of concentrate of copper; specifically ball mills and SAG. The methodology considers the analysis of great volumes of data, which allows to identify the variables of interest (tonnage, temperature and power) to reach to an improvement plan in the energetic efficiency. The correct processing of the great volumen of data, previous imputation to the null data, not informed and out of range, coming from the milling process of copper, a decision support systems integrated, it allows to obtain clear and on line information for the decision making. As results it is establish that exist correlation between the energetic consumption of the Ball and SAG Mills, regarding the East, West temperature and winding. Nevertheless, it is not observed correlation between the energetic consumption of the Ball Mills and the SAG Mills, regarding to the tonnages of feed of SAG Mill. In consequence, From the experimental design, a similarity of behavior between two groups of different mills was determined in lines process . In addition, it was determined that there is a difference in energy consumption between the mills of the same group. This approach modifies the method presented in [1].
Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking-Based Routing for Rural Internet Connectivity (DRINC)
Authors: Velásquez-Villada Carlos , Donoso Yezid
Published: February 2017

Rural networking connectivity is a very dynamic and attractive research field. Nowadays big IT companies and many governments are working to help connect all these rural, disconnected people to Internet. This paper introduces a new routing algorithm that can bring non-real-time Internet connectivity to rural users. This solution is based on previously tested ideas, especially on Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking technologies, since they can be used to transmit messages to and from difficult to access sites. It introduces the rural connectivity problem and its context. Then, it shows the proposed solution with its mathematical model used to describe the problem, its proposed heuristic, and its results. The advantage of our solution is that it is a low-cost technology that uses locally available infrastructure to reach even the most remote towns. The mathematical model describes the problem of transmitting messages from a rural, usually disconnected user, to an Internet connected node, through a non-reliable network using estimated delivery probabilities varying through time. The forwarding algorithm uses local knowledge gathered from interactions with other nodes, and it learns which nodes are more likely to connect in the future, and which nodes are more likely to deliver the messages to the destination. Our algorithm achieves an equal or better performance in delivery rate and delay than other well-known routing protocols for the rural scenarios tested. This paper adds more simulation results for the proposed rural scenarios, and it also extends the explanation of the mathematical model and the heuristic algorithm from the conference paper "Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks Based Message Forwarding Algorithm for Rural Internet Connectivity Applications" [1] (doi: 10.1109/ICCCC. 2016.7496732).
Use of Systemic Therapy Concurrent With Cranial Radiotherapy for Cerebral Metastases of Solid Tumors
Authors: Verduin Maikel , Zindler Jaap D. , Martinussen Hanneke M.A. , Jansen Rob L.H. , Croes Sander , Hendriks Lizza E.L. , Eekers Danielle B.P. , Hoeben Ann
Published: February 2017

The incidence of brain metastases of solid tumors is increasing. Local treatment of brain metastases is generally straightforward: cranial radiotherapy (e.g., whole-brain radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery) or resection when feasible. However, treatment becomes more complex when brain metastases occur while other metastases, outside of the central nervous system, are being controlled with systemic therapy (chemotherapeutics, molecular targeted agents, or monoclonal antibodies). It is known that some anticancer agents can increase the risk for neurotoxicity when used concurrently with radiotherapy. Increased neurotoxicity decreases quality of life, which is undesirable in this predominantly palliative patient group. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to identify the compounds that should be temporarily discontinued when cranial radiotherapy is needed.

This review summarizes the (neuro)toxicity data for combining systemic therapy (chemotherapeutics, molecular targeted agents, or monoclonal antibodies) with concurrent radiotherapy of brain metastases. Because only a limited amount of high-level data has been published, a risk assessment of each agent was done, taking into account the characteristics of each compound (e.g., lipophilicity) and the microenvironment of brain metastasis. The available trials suggest that only gemcitabine, erlotinib, and vemurafenib induce significant neurotoxicity when used concurrently with cranial radiotherapy. We conclude that for most systemic therapies, the currently available literature does not show an increase in neurotoxicity when these therapies are used concurrently with cranial radiotherapy. However, further studies are needed to confirm safety because there is no high-level evidence to permit definitive conclusions.
An Oncogenic ALK Fusion and an RRAS Mutation in KRAS Mutation-Negative Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shimada Yoko , Kohno Takashi , Ueno Hideki , Ino Yoshinori , Hayashi Hideyuki , Nakaoku Takashi , Sakamoto Yasunari , Kondo Shunsuke , Morizane Chigusa , Shimada Kazuaki , Okusaka Takuji , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Oncogenic mutations in the KRAS gene are a well-known driver event, occurring in >95% of pancreatic cancers. The objective of this study was to identify driver oncogene aberrations in pancreatic cancers without the KRAS mutation.

Methods

Whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing was performed on four cases of KRAS mutation-negative pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which were identified in a cohort of 100 cases.

Results

One case harbored an oncogenic DCTN1-ALK fusion. The fusion gene enabled interleukin-3-independent growth of Ba/F3 cells and rendered them susceptible to the anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors crizotinib and alectinib. The structure of the breakpoint junction indicated that the fusion was generated by nonhomologous end joining between a segment of DCTN1 exon DNA and a segment of ALK intron DNA, resulting in the generation of a cryptic splicing site. Another case harbored an oncogenic RRAS mutation that activated the GTPase of the RRAS protein.

Conclusion

Rare oncogenic aberrations, such as the ALK fusion and RRAS mutation, may drive pancreatic carcinogenesis independent of the KRAS mutation.
Análise genotípica do Helicobacter pylori pelo método Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeats no sul do Brasil
Authors: Halicki Priscila Cristina Bartolomeu , Ramis Ivy Bastos , Vianna Júlia Silveira , Gautério Thaísa Bozzetti , Groll Andrea von , Silva Pedro Eduardo Almeida
Published: February 2017

Justificativa e objetivos: Apesar de ser utilizado como um método de genotipagem para diferentes microrganismos, poucos estudos relatam a utilização de Multiple-Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis (MLVA) para análise da diversidade clonal do Helicobacter pylori. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a variabilidade genética de cepas de H. pylori pelo MLVA no sul do Brasil. Métodos: 95 amostras de DNA de H. pylori foram obtidas a partir de biópsias gástricas de pacientes H. pylori-positivos provenientes de duas cidades do sul do Brasil e a diversidade genética das cepas foi avaliada pelo método MLVA utilizando eletroforese em gel de agarose. Para a seleção dos loci a serem analisados neste estudo, foi realizada uma análise in silico de 12 loci previamente descritos na literatura. Resultados: A partir da análise in silico, apenas quatro loci foram considerados viáveis para a análise genotípica das cepas, resultando em 90 cepas distribuídas em oito grupos diferentes e cinco cepas órfãs. Conclusões: Apesar de o método MLVA permitir fazer inferências acerca da diversidade genética de uma população, nossos resultados mostraram que os métodos de genotipagem do H. pylori devem ser criticamente avaliados antes de serem utilizados nessa região do Brasil.
Saúde e Segurança Alimentar: Isolamento e análise do perfil de suscetibilidade de bactérias patogênicas de alimentos
Authors: Volcão Lisiane Martins , De Lima Marques Juliana , Bernardi Eduardo , Aver Ribeiro Gladis
Published: February 2017

Justificativa e Objetivos: Atualmente é crescente a preocupação com as condições higiênicosanitárias de produtos alimentícios disponibilizados a população, visto que há uma grande diversidade de patógenos associados com a contaminação de alimentos. Com isso o objetivo do presente estudo foi o isolamento e a análise do perfil de suscetibilidade de Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva provenientes de amostras de carne moída obtidas no comércio da cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: Para o isolamento bacteriano foram utilizadas 20 amostras de carne moída originárias do comércio local, sendo realizada a pesquisa para E. coli, Salmonella spp. e S. coagulase positiva. Todas as cepas bacterianas isoladas foram submetidas a análise do perfil de suscetibilidade, onde foram testados dez diferentes antibióticos. Resultados: O perfil de suscetibilidade variou entre os isolados, em Salmonella spp. observou-se a maior taxa de multirresistência, 58% destas foram resistentes a múltiplos antibióticos, e para os isolados de E. coli ocorreu 44,4% de multirresistência. As cepas de S. coagulase positiva apresentaram a menor taxa, 25% destas foram multiresistentes, e todos os isolados foram sensíveis a oxacilina. Conclusões: A elevada contaminação das amostras de carne moída evidencia a necessidade de boas práticas de higiene e transporte de produtos de origem animal. Quanto aos níveis de resistência e multirresistência aos antibióticos testados, pode-se aferir um possível uso inadequado de antimicrobianos na rotina veterinária.
Buraco macular
Authors: Moreira Júnior Carlos Augusto , Moreira Neto Carlos Augusto
Published: February 2017

Os autores fazem uma ampla revisão sobre os buracos maculares, mostrando que a prevalência é de 7,8 casos por 100 mil pessoas. Discorrem sobre a interface vítreorretiniana e sobre as forças tracionais que ocorrem nessa região, dando origem ao buraco macular. Apresentam os principais dados para o diagnóstico clínico que são a metamorfopsia e escotomas centrais, bem como o aspecto biomicroscópico da patologia como o sinal de Watzke-Allen, que diferencia o pseudoburaco do buraco macular verdadeiro. Quando analisam o diagnóstico por imagem mostram os sinais de hiperautofluorescência e hiperfluorescência na angiografia, dando importância especial para o exame de tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT), que é o exame padrão para o diagnóstico da doença. Quando classificam os buracos maculares, lembram a classificação clínica descrita por Gass e fazem uma correlação com a atual classificação dos buracos maculares pelo OCT. Apresentam o tratamento com a cirurgia de vitrectomia via pars plana, mostrando que com a técnica adequada, o fechamento desses buracos ocorre em quase 100% dos casos, sendo que em pelo menos 65% deles a visão fica melhor que 20/40. Ao final tratam das complicações cirúrgicas e do diagnóstico diferencial da patologia.
Working-Class Visibility in Rachel Seiffert's The Walk Home
Authors: Monnickendam Andrew
Published: February 2017

Driscoll argues that contemporary fiction and current criticism are no longer concerned with social class in general and the working class in particular. Identity now uses more flexible parameters, such as sexual orientation, a term that defines the individual as agent. He analyses a wide range of literary fiction and film in order to highlight that ‘class’ often means middle class. When authors do focus on the working class, their angle is predominantly negative.The second half of this article strives to see to what extent the Driscoll hypothesis is valid through applying his findings to Seiffert’s very recent novel. It refutes the argument that postmodern techniques necessarily produce apolitical texts, and puts into question other assumptions.
La Reforma Constitucional En Italia: ¿Cómo Cambia La Forma Del Estado?
Authors: Parisi Stefania
Published: February 2017

El breve ensayo examina con acentos críticos el contenido de la reforma constitucional italiana, que será  sometida a referéndum el 4 de diciembre 2016, con especial atención a los perfiles relacionados con la forma del Estado. Después de una breve digresión sobre los intentos de reformar el Senado y un análisis general del contenido de la reforma, el estudio se centra en dos aspectos: la composición del “nuevo” Senado y la distribución de competencias legislativas entre Estado y Regiones. Finalmente se expondrá algunas conclusiones sobre la transformación de la forma italiana del Estado.
La tutela del Derecho de la Unión Europea: La cuestión prejudicial y el recurso por incumplimiento
Authors: Regí Rodríguez Jordi
Published: February 2017

Este artículo trata la comparativa de dos mecanismos que permiten al Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (en adelante, TJUE) controlar las acciones legislativas de los Estados miembros que pudieran ser contrarias al Derecho de la Unión mediante distintas herramientas administrativas y procesales de las que aquí trataremos en particular: la Cuestión Prejudicial como mecanismo para la tutela judicial efectiva y protección jurisdiccional y el Recurso por Incumplimiento como mecanismo que vela porque los Estados miembros cumplan con sus obligaciones previstas en el Derecho de la Unión Europea, procedimientos mediante los cuales el TJUE y la Comisión Europea tutelan y salvaguardan la efectividad del Derecho de la Unión Europea. Estos mecanismos, aunque pueden objetivamente tener el mismo fin y necesariamente disponer de un desenvolvimiento similar, observaremos como son esencialmente diferentes en su concepción y presentan particularidades que nos invitan a reflexionar
Evolución jurídica de la mujer casada en el sistema matrimonial español de la época preconstitucional.
Authors: Pestaña Ruíz Celia
Published: February 2017

Este estudio tiene por objeto conocer la evolución jurídica de la mujer casada en el sistema matrimonial español desde mediados del siglo XX hasta la promulgación de la Constitución de 1978. El derecho civil, reflejo de las circunstancias propias de cada periodo histórico, ha marcado la condición jurídica de la esposa, así como los valores y principios que debían regir el matrimonio y la familia. Su análisis permite conocer la calidad de vida de la mujer casada, sus derechos y sus libertades. Por esta razón, en este trabajo se analiza el régimen jurídico de la mujer casada a través de figuras jurídicas y progresos normativos previos a la Constitución. Para ello, ha sido esencial la lectura pormenorizada del Código Civil en esta materia, sus modificaciones a través de diversas leyes y la opinión de la doctrina civilista.
Reintegro de subvenciones: Derivacion subsidiaria de responsabilidad en los administradores sociales
Authors: Solar Beltrán Inmaculada
Published: February 2017

El presente comentario hace una aproximación al supuesto de derivación de responsabilidad de los administradores sociales en los casos de reintegro de subvenciones públicas, prevista en el art. 40.3 de la 38/2003, Ley General de Subvenciones. Analizamos la situación a través de una reciente sentencia del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Madrid, que confirma la legalidad del acto administrativo que acuerda la derivación subsidiaria de responsabilidad en la administradora única de una mercantil que había cesado su actividad, al no haber llevado a cabo los actos necesarios para su cumplimento.
Can a Low-Complexity Community-Based Project Have Transformative Effects?
Authors: Clark Paul G. , Spaulding-Givens Jennifer
Published: February 2017

Implementing community-based transformative learning as a strategy for moving BSW student learners beyond lecture-driven content toward engagement in macro practice activities can be a complex and resource-consuming proposition. Through the lens of Mezirow's phases of transformative learning, this qualitative study examined the reflective essays of 15 BSW student learners following their experiences in a brief, lowcomplexity, community-based transformative learning (CBTL) macro project. Through participants' responses we identified transformative elements of their experiences within the context of the themes that emerged from the study. These included new understandings of the meaning of diversity; enhanced understanding of group processes; sense of professional agency within organizations; critical awareness of local macro systems and service users' experiences; reflections, connections, and new knowledge; and broadened professional and personal horizons. We discuss the transformative aspects of participants' experiences and argue for the use of low-complexity CBTL projects within a larger pedagogical approach in macro practice courses.
A is for Activism: Or Not
Authors: Bott Cynthia , Chavez Kimberly , Clark Alli , Dwyer Kaila T. , Sontz Hannah
Published: February 2017

Activism and the role of activist are conceptually fluid and subject to a variety of interpretations. Social work has a commitment to social justice and one way to operationalize the commitment to social justice is through activism. Criticism has been levied against the field and the profession for straying from a social justice agenda. The generalist social work curriculum is one area where this conversation can be explored. This research uses content analysis of BSW syllabi to examine course content related to activism and the role of activist. Specifically, it asks the following question: To what extent is activism reflected in BSW syllabi?
Multiple Comparisons in Variation of Care Research
Authors: Prasad Vinay , Oseran Andrew
Published: February 2017

Research in hospital variation is important and currently very popular. However, due to the methods employed in such studies—namely, the retrospective mining of large datasets and the use of several alternative variation groupings—some results may be spurious. In this commentary, we perform an empirical analysis of the 50 most highly cited and the 50 most recent papers focusing on variation in medical care. Across these studies, we identify at least 13 unique groupings and could find no single instance where a medical practice was found not to vary. We go on to discuss one example of variation—statin use—in more detail to elucidate the tensions that these studies often create. Together, these results suggest that multiple hypothesis testing is a concern for variation research. Finally, we outline strategies to mitigate this concern. RÉSUMÉ La recherche sur la variation hospitalière est importante et actuellement très populaire. Toutefois, en raison des méthodes employées dans de telles études—notamment, l’extraction rétrospective de grands ensembles de données et l’utilisation de plusieurs groupe- ments de variation alternatifs—certains résultats peuvent être fautifs. Dans ce commentaire, nous effectuons une analyse empirique des 50 articles les plus citées et des 50 articles les plus récents se concentrant sur la variation dans les soins médicaux. Dans ces études, nous identifions au moins 13 groupements uniques, et ne pouvions trouver aucun cas où une pratique médicale ne variait pas. Nous discutons ensuite d’un exemple de variation—dans l’utilisation de statines—en plus de détails afin d’élucider les tensions que ces études suscitent souvent. Collectivement, ces résultats suggèrent que la mise à l’essai de multiples hypothèses est une préoccupation lors de la recherche sur la variation. Finalement, nous décrivons des stratégies pour atténuer cette préoccupation.