bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Multiple‐Labeling Probes for the Visualization of Enzyme Activities
Authors: Song Heng , Li Yuyao , Chen Yefeng , Xue Chenghong , Xie Hexin
Published: September 2019

Quinone methide (QM) as a latent trapping unit has been widely explored in activity‐based self‐immobilizing reagents. However, further application of this strategy has been largely hampered by the limited labeling efficiency to proteins. In this study, a thorough investigation on the labeling efficiency and the structure of QM‐based trapping unit is presented, from which a QM with multiple leaving groups was identified as an optimal trapping unit. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) immobilizing reagent featured with this multiple‐labeling trapping unit exhibited lower nonspecific binding and, remarkably, a significantly higher labeling efficiency over other immobilizing reagents upon enzymatic activation. The utility of this imaging reagent was further demonstrated with the in vitro and in vivo visualization of the ALP activities. Furthermore, the multiple functional trapping unit may find greater value in the other activity‐based immobilizing probes.
Controlled Heterometallic Composition in Linear Trinuclear [LnCeLn] Lanthanide Molecular Assemblies
Authors: Velasco Verónica , Barrios Leoní A. , Schütze Mike , Roubeau Olivier , Luis Fernando , Teat Simon J. , Aguilà David , Aromí Guillem
Published: September 2019

The combination of two different β‐diketone ligands facilitates the size‐controlled assembly of pure heterometallic [LnLn′Ln] linear compounds thanks to two different coordination sites present in the molecular scaffold. [HoCeHo], [ErCeEr], and [YbCeYb] analogues are presented here and are characterized both in the solid state and in solution, demonstrating the selectivity of this unique method to produce heterometallic 4f molecular entities.
Facile SILAR Processed Bi2S3:PbS Solid Solution on MWCNTs for High‐performance Electrochemical Supercapacitor
Authors: Pandit Bidhan , Pande Shilpa A. , Sankapal Babasaheb R.
Published: September 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

Carbon based composite materials have gained much attention because of fulfilling desirable properties for supercapacitor application. In the featured work, the thin film of Bi2S3:PbS solid solution has been synthesized on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by simple successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The nanoparticle morphology provides sufficient electroactive channels for electrolyte ions to penetrate during electrochemical activities. The composite exhibits superior specific capacitance 676 F/g at constant specific current density of 5.56 A/g with fast charge‐discharge cycles. In association of energy storage characteristics, the fabricated symmetric cell exhibits excellent energy density of 13.36 Wh/kg by acquiring power density of 0.83 kW/kg. The superior results of the hybrid electrode promise a novel direction for high performance supercapacitor application.
Risk and subtypes of secondary primary malignancies in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma survivors change over time based on stage at diagnosis
Authors: Major Ajay , Smith Derek E. , Ghosh Debashis , Rabinovitch Rachel , Kamdar Manali
Published: September 2019

Background

Previous studies have shown an increased risk of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs) after diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treatment. Whether stage of DLBCL at diagnosis affects the subtypes of SPMs that occur has not been previously described.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for patients aged >18 years diagnosed with primary DLBCL from 1973 to 2010 and categorized by early stage (ES) (stage I‐II) or advanced stage (AS) (stage III‐IV) disease. Differences in overall and location‐specific SPM incidence by stage and time since diagnosis were assessed in 5‐year intervals using a Fine‐Gray hazards model. Overall survival was compared using the log‐rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess differences in survival.

Results

In total, 26,038 patients with DLBCL were identified, including 14,724 with ES and 11,314 with AS disease. The median follow‐up was 13.3 years. Overall, 13.0% of patients developed SPM, with a higher but nonsignificantly increased risk of SPM development in those who had ES disease compared with those who had AS disease (14% vs 11.6%; P = .14). During the first 5 years after diagnosis, patients who had ES disease had a higher risk of SPM than those who had AS disease, specifically colorectal, pancreas, breast, and prostate SPMs. During the period from 10 to 15 years after diagnosis, patients who had AS disease had a higher risk of SPM than those who had ES disease, specifically hematologic SPMs. Development of SPM was found to significantly increase the risk of death regardless of stage at diagnosis.

Conclusions

In this large, population‐based study, distinctly different subtypes and temporal patterns of SPM development were identified based on stage of DLBCL at diagnosis. The current study merits consideration of tailored site‐specific and time‐specific surveillance for patients with DLBCL according to stage and time interval since diagnosis.
Concomitant Polymorphism in an Organic Solid: Molecular and Crystal Structure and Intra‐ and Intermolecular Potential Contributions to tert‐Butyl and Methyl Group Rotation
Authors: Beckmann Peter A. , Rablen Paul R. , Schmink Jason , Szewczyk Steven T. , Rheingold Arnold L.
Published: September 2019

We investigate the relationship between structure (crystal and molecular) and tert‐butyl and methyl group dynamics in 2‐(tert‐butyl)‐9‐(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)anthracene. Powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, taken together, show that different polycrystalline samples recrystallized from different solvents have different amounts of at least four polymorphs (crystallites having different crystal structures), of which we have identified three by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The molecules in the asymmetric units of the different crystal structures differ by the dihedral angle the tert‐butylphenyl group makes with the anthracene moiety. Ab initio electronic structure calculations on the isolated molecule show that very little intramolecular energy is required to change this angle over a range of about 60° which is probably the origin of the concomitant polymorphism (crystals of more than one polymorph in a polycrystalline sample). Solid state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin‐lattice relaxation experiments support the powder and single‐crystal X‐ray results and provide average NMR activation energies (closely related to rotational barriers) for the rotation of the tert‐butyl groups and their constituent methyl groups. These barriers have both an intramolecular and an intermolecular component. The latter is sensitive to the crystal structure. The intramolecular components of the rotational barriers of the two tert‐butyl groups in the isolated molecule are investigated with ab initio electronic structure calculations.
Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular outcome in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes: A pilot study
Authors: Villano Angelo , Mencarelli Erica , Melita Veronica , Rizzi Alessandro , Lamendola Priscilla , De Vita Antonio , Manfredonia Laura , Ravenna Salvatore Emanuele , Pitocco Dario , Lanza Gaetano Antonio , Crea Filippo
Published: September 2019

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but risk stratification of asymptomatic T2DM patients remains a challenging issue. We conducted a pilot study to assess whether endothelial dysfunction might help identify, among asymptomatic T2DM patients, those at increased risk of cardiovascular events.

Methods

We studied 61 consecutive T2DM patients with no evidence of cardiovascular disease and no insulin therapy. Endothelial function was assessed by flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) of the right brachial artery. The primary endpoint was a combination of major cardiovascular events (MACE: cardiovascular death, acute coronary events, coronary interventions, and acute cerebrovascular accidents). FMD was repeated at follow‐up in 48 patients (79%).

Results

A total of 10 MACE (16.4%) occurred during a mean follow‐up of 48 months, including three acute myocardial infarctions, five coronary revascularizations for stable angina, and two acute ischaemic strokes. FMD at enrolment was lower in patients with compared with patients without MACE (3.78 ± 0.97% vs 4.70 ± 1.33%, respectively; P = .04). No other clinical or laboratory variables (age, diabetes duration, glycated haemoglobin, cardiovascular risk factors, drug therapy, and nitrate‐mediated dilation) were associated with MACE. FMD at follow‐up was also lower in patients with (n = 10) compared with those without (n = 38) MACE (3.66 ± 1.29 vs 4.85 ± 1.92; P = .006).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that assessment of FMD might be helpful to identify patients at increased risk of MACE among individuals with asymptomatic T2DM; accordingly, a large study is warranted to adequately define the clinical utility of FMD assessment in the management of T2DM patients.
Moderators and mediators of outcome in treatments for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in adolescents: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hamadi Layla , Holliday Joanna
Published: September 2019

Objective

To critically appraise papers reporting on moderators and mediators of recommended psychological treatments for anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) in adolescents.

Method

A systematic search of databases was conducted including PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Studies were included where a randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared therapies for AN or BN and reported on moderators or mediators of treatment effect. Twenty‐one eligible papers were included, all based on data from eight RCTs.

Results

Family therapies were dominant in the literature. Individual or separated treatment appeared superior for families with more difficult relationships, whereas conjoint family treatment appeared to be superior where good family relationships were reported. Where there was greater eating disorder psychopathology in AN, including eating disorder‐related obsessions and compulsions, the response was better to a family approach than to individual therapies. There was some evidence that a family treatment was superior for those engaging in purging behaviors in BN. Measures of family relationships, parental self‐efficacy, and early change emerged as possible mediators; however, the quality of evidence was mixed and the findings, in some cases, arguably circular. Moderator and mediator analyses were underpowered in all studies, with multiple, and post‐hoc, analyses being run, and a broad range of outcome measures used.

Discussion

This review recommends that emerging findings are explored further in adequately powered trials of the different recommended therapies, with a move toward focusing on effect sizes. A consensus on acceptable definitions of outcome, including remission and recovery, would benefit future research.
Reduction of sixth‐order radial force by harmonic current control and its application to EPS motors
Authors: Watahiki Masanori , Mori Tomonari , Lan Linfeng , Tanaka Junya , Ueda Tomoya , Fukumura Tomohiro , Kanematsu Masato , Fujimoto Hiroshi
Published: September 2019

To improve noise and vibration of Electric Power Steering (EPS) system, we focus on the reduction of the sixth‐order radial force of an EPS motor by regulating its harmonic current. Because an EPS system is operated in a wide speed range, a reduction method is required to work even for dynamic motor speed. In this article, we introduce our method and report its test result to show the reduction of sixth‐order radial vibration of an EPS motor.
Metal Ion‐Coordinating Properties in Aqueous Solutions of the Antivirally Active Nucleotide Analogue (S)‐9‐[3‐Hydroxy‐2‐(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (HPMPA) – Quantification of Complex Isomeric Equilibria
Authors: Blindauer Claudia A. , Holý Antonín , Operschall Bert P. , Sigel Astrid , Song Bin , Sigel Helmut
Published: September 2019

Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates are of medical relevance and deserve detailed chemical characterization. We focus here on (S)‐9‐[3‐hydroxy‐2‐(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (HPMPA) and include for comparison 9‐[2‐(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA), as well as the nucleobase‐free (phosphonomethoxy)ethane (PME) and (R)‐hydroxy‐2‐(phosphonomethoxy)propane (HPMP). The acidity constants of H3(HPMPA)+ were determined and compared with those of the related phosph(on)ate derivatives; they are also needed to understand the properties of the metal ion complexes. Given that in vivo nucleotides and their analogues participate in reactions typically as divalent metal ion (M2+) complexes, the stability constants of the M(H;HPMPA)+ and M(HPMPA) species with M2+ = Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ were measured. Comparisons between the results for HPMPA2– and the previous data for PMEA2–, HPMP2– and PME2– revealed that for most M(HPMPA) complexes the enhanced stability (the enhancement relative to the stability of a simple phosphonate‐M2+ coordination), can solely be explained by the formation of 5‐membered chelates involving the ether oxygen. These chelates occur in equilibrium with simple ′open′ phosphonate‐M2+ species, the phosphonate group being the primary binding site. The only exceptions are the M(HPMPA) complexes of Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+, which show an additional stability enhancement; in these instances not only the indicated 5‐membered chelates are formed, but M2+ coordinates in addition to N3 of the adenine residue forming a 7‐membered chelate ring. This observation regarding N3 is important because it emphasizes the metal ion affinity of this site (which is often ignored). Note that in the DNA double helix N3 is exposed to the solvent in the minor groove. The stability data for the monoprotonated M(H;HPMPA)+ complexes suggest that these carry H+ at the phosphonate group whereas M2+ is partly at the nucleobase and partly also at the phosphonate group. The ratios of these isomers depend on the metal ion involved, e.g., for Cu(H;HPMPA) the ratio of the isomers is about 1:1.
Preparation and Electrochemical and Optical Properties of α‐Alkoxyphthalocyanines with β‐Pyridylthio Groups
Authors: Kimura Takeshi , Kudo Chiko , Nakajo Shiduko
Published: September 2019

Phthalocyanines (Pcs) 5a‐Mg, 5b‐Mg, 6a‐Mg, and 6b‐Mg with eight alkoxy groups at α‐positions and 2‐ or 4‐pyridylthio groups at the β‐positions, were prepared from 3,6‐dialkoxy‐4,5‐dipyridylthiophthalonitriles. Magnesium complexes 5a‐Mg, 5b‐Mg, and 6a‐Mg were treated with trifluoroacetic acid to produce free‐base compounds 5a‐2H, 5b‐2H, and 6a‐2H. In the UV/Vis spectra, Q‐band absorption of Mg and free‐base Pcs appeared near 760 nm and 780 nm, respectively, in chloroform and 745 nm and 760 nm, respectively, in methanol. Emission spectra of these Pcs showed small Stokes shifts in chloroform and methanol. Reactions of 5a‐Mg, 5b‐Mg, and 5b‐2H with methyl iodide produced the corresponding Pcs 7a‐Mg, 7b‐Mg, and 7b‐2H with methyl pyridinium groups, respectively. After methylation of the pyridine nitrogen, the Pcs were moderately soluble in water but had little solubility in chloroform. The UV/Vis and emission spectra of methylated Pcs 7a‐Mg, 7b‐Mg, and 7b‐2H were obtained in methanol and water. Photobleaching of diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) was examined in methanol in the presence of Pcs 7b‐Mg and 7b‐2H, and was monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy.
Metacognition, perseverative thinking, and pain catastrophizing: A moderated‐mediation analysis
Authors: Schütze Robert , Rees Clare , Smith Anne , Slater Helen , O’Sullivan Peter
Published: September 2019

Background

Pain catastrophizing is linked to a range of negative health and treatment outcomes, although debate continues about how best to define and treat it, since most interventions produce only modest benefit. This study aimed to contribute to theory‐driven development of these treatments by exploring the role of perseverative thinking in pain catastrophizing, along with the higher order beliefs, called metacognitions that might shape it.

Methods

An Internet sample of 510 people with chronic pain (≥3 months), who mostly (54.9%) had clinical levels of catastrophizing, completed self‐report measures of pain intensity, disability, perseverative thinking, pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, and pain metacognition. Regression‐based moderated mediation analysis tested the conditional indirect effect of pain intensity on pain catastrophizing via perseverative thinking at varying levels of unhelpful pain metacognition.

Results

Perseverative thinking partially mediated the effect of pain intensity on pain catastrophizing, accounting for 20% of the total effect. This indirect effect was conditional on both positive and negative metacognition. Higher levels of both forms of unhelpful metacognition strengthened the indirect effect, which was not significant below the 50th percentile for positive metacognitions or below the 60th percentile for negative metacognitions.

Conclusions

Strongly believing that thinking about pain helps you solve problems or cope with pain (positive metacognition), or that it is harmful and uncontrollable (negative metacognition), can increase the amount you worry or ruminate as pain increases. This is associated with increased pain catastrophizing. Identifying and modifying these unhelpful pain metacognitions may improve treatments for pain catastrophizing and thereby chronic pain generally.

Significance

This study shows that perseverative thinking (worry and rumination) mediates the relationship between pain intensity and catastrophizing. Consistent with metacognitive theory, this association is also moderated by unhelpful beliefs about worry and rumination. Pain metacognitions could become new therapeutic targets to help improve psychological treatments for pain‐related distress, which are currently only modestly effective.
Predictors of functional outcome in musculoskeletal healthcare: An umbrella review
Authors: Burgess Roanna , Mansell Gemma , Bishop Annette , Lewis Martyn , Hill Jonathan
Published: September 2019

Background

Multiple cohort and systematic review studies exist, reporting independent predictive factors associated with outcome in musculoskeletal populations. These studies have found evidence for a number of “generic” factors that have been shown to predict outcome across musculoskeletal patient cohorts. This review provides a higher level review of the evidence with a focus on generic patient factors associated with functional musculoskeletal outcome with a view to informing predictive modelling.

Objectives

(a) Identify patient factors found to have evidence to support their association with functional outcome, and (b) review these findings across body areas/conditions to identify generic predictive factors.

Databases and Data Treatment

Electronic databases of MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane were searched for eligible studies. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality using an established checklist for umbrella reviews.

Results

Twenty‐one systematic reviews met inclusion criteria, all were of moderate/high quality. Six independent predictors were found to have strong evidence of association with worse musculoskeletal functional outcome across anatomical body sites (worse baseline function, higher symptom/pain severity, worse mental well‐being, more comorbidities, older age and higher body mass index). Longer duration of symptoms, worse pain coping, presence of workers compensation, lower vitality and lower education were also found to have moderate evidence of association with worse functional outcome across body sites.

Conclusions

This study identifies a number of factors associated with musculoskeletal functional outcome. The generic predictive factors identified should be considered for inclusion into musculoskeletal prognostic models, including models used for case‐mix‐adjustment of patient reported outcome measure data.

Significance

This article identifies “generic” patient factors that predict functional outcome (measured using Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)) across musculoskeletal conditions. Findings provide support for the development and content of generic musculoskeletal prognostic models including models used to case‐mix adjust PROM data for baseline complexity. Generic musculoskeletal models and functional PROMs would facilitate more feasible comparison and benchmarking of musculoskeletal services in order to identify variation and address health inequalities.
Optimizing the Crystallite Structure of Lignin‐Based Nanospheres by Resinification for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhu Youyu , Zhang Jizong , Sun Shuai , Wang Chengyang , Chen Mingming , Zeng Jingxuan
Published: September 2019

Sodium‐ion batteries are expected to be an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries because of the inexpensive raw materials. However, the anode materials still face problems of low capacity and initial coulomb efficiency, even for hard carbons that are expected to have commercial applications. Herein, a resin nanosphere derived from lignin through double solvent evaporation and resinification is reported. Benefiting from the phenol–formaldehyde condensation to form linear polymers, the samples possess a large microcrystalline size, moderate interlayer distance, and defect sites in the turbostratic structure, which enhance the sodium‐storage capacity. The carbonized lignin‐based resin spheres (CLRSs) exhibit promising electrochemical performance with a comparable reversible capacity of 347 mAh g−1 and high initial columbic efficiency (ICE) of 74%. Furthermore, the sodium‐storage mechanism for the obtained samples is also investigated by analyzing the relationship between the structure optimization and electrochemical performance.
Mass loss evolution of bituminous fractions at different heating rates and constituent conformation of emitted volatiles
Authors: Xia Wenjing , Xu Tao , Wang Siwen , Wang Hao
Published: September 2019

Bitumen is frequently used as energy source. To further understand bituminous combustion and emitted volatiles during its energy generation and conversion at the fraction level including saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA), an elemental analyzer, thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometer and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐MS‐FTIR) were utilized to monitor the mass loss evolution, and confirm molecular structures of emitted volatiles, and track the whereabouts of main elements during each SARA fraction combustion. Results indicate that TG, DTG, and Gram‐Schmidt (G‐S) curves show two‐stage characteristics, while the total ion chromatogram (TIC) curves present one‐stage characteristic during each SARA fraction combustion. Also, as the heating rate is raised, TG, DTG, TIC, and G‐S curves are shifted to higher temperature and the total emitted volatile amount is increased from saturates to asphaltenes. Molecular weights of main volatiles are distributed in the range of 12‐64. The elemental species of volatiles are consistent with those of SARA fractions. Finally, the typical volatiles of saturates and aromatics are similar, and the release amount of CO and CO2 at stage II is larger than those at stage I. SO2 is released during the combustion of resins. SO2 and NO2 are identified in volatiles of asphaltenes.
Numerical simulation of the fire behaviour of facade equipped with aluminium composite material‐based claddings‐Model validation at large scale
Authors: Dréan Virginie , Girardin Bertrand , Guillaume Eric , Fateh Talal
Published: September 2019

The recent fire events in buildings involving combustible cladding systems have raised concerns regarding the risk that these systems can pose. Understanding such facade fires is complex as they involve a combination of various products and system. Facade fire propagation tests at ISO 13785‐1 intermediate scale were performed on different combinations of aluminium composite material (ACM) claddings and insulants. Simulations were addressed to reproduce these tests and were validated in terms of thermal conditions in the system. This allowed additional investigation and understanding of fire propagation on the facade and more accurate determination of the fire behaviour of the overall system. In this paper, the scaling influence on the fire behaviour of ACM clad systems is investigated with simulations performed to reproduce fire tests at the BS8414‐1 larger scale on three different combinations of ACM and insulants. The contributions of the cladding and insulant were numerically investigated. The fire behaviour of each component and of the overall system is validated by comparison with experiments. Simulations and tests show that the ACM cladding is the most important element driving the global fire behaviour of the systems. In particular, ACM‐PE‐based cladding systems, whatever the insulant, show extensive fire propagation while its degradation affects the integrity of the cavity.
Reconsidering CCS in the US fossil‐fuel fired electricity industry under section 45Q tax credits
Authors: Esposito Richard A. , Kuuskraa Vello A. , Rossman Charles G. , Corser Michele M.
Published: September 2019

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) can be an important feature of a decarbonization strategy involving electricity generation. According to the recently revised Section 45Q tax credits, said credits will be provided for implementing CCS, which is motivating some United States (US) electricity generation companies to revisit their business strategies for CCS. This paper discusses alternative business models being considered by companies for undertaking CCS, including providing a ‘template’ for evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of CCS with Section 45Q tax credits and storage in saline reservoirs. Using stylized illustrative examples, the paper indicates how use of Section 45Q tax credits should be expected to change dispatch at an electricity generating unit. For situations similar to the examples, the paper suggests that Section 45Q tax credits may need to be modified to achieve its intended impact. Modifications can include extending the time period of tax credit availability beyond the current 12 years. In addition, continued R&D investments in CCS and specific support for first‐of‐a‐kind CCS demonstrations would be valuable complements for the deployment of the Section 45Q tax credit. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is changing the minimum legal drinking age an effective policy tool?
Authors: Brachowicz Nicolai , Vall Castello Judit
Published: September 2019

In year 1991, regional governments in Spain started a period of implementation of a law that rose the minimum legal drinking age from 16 to 18 years old. To evaluate the effects of this change on the consumption of legal drugs and its related morbidity outcomes, we construct a regional panel dataset on alcohol consumption and hospital entry registers and compare variation in several measures of prevalence between the treatment group (16–18 years old) and the control group (20–22 years old). Our findings show important differences by gender.

Our main result regarding overall drinking prevalence shows a reduction of −21.37% for the subsample that includes males and females altogether. This effect on drinking is mainly driven by a reduction of −44.43% in mixed drinks and/or liquors drinking prevalence corresponding to the subsample of males. No causal effects regarding overall smoking prevalence and hospitalizations due to alcohol overdose or motor vehicle traffic accidents were found.

To our knowledge, this is the first paper providing evidence on gender‐based differences to policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption. Our results have important policy implications for countries currently considering changes in the minimum legal drinking age.
Musculoskeletal disorders, psychological distress, and work error of supermarket cashiers
Authors: Deng Mingming , Wu Feng , Luan Fei
Published: September 2019

Background

Human physiological and psychological states may influence work performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships among the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), psychological distress, and work error of supermarket cashiers. There were 443 Chinese supermarket cashiers surveyed in this study. Among these cashiers, 431 valid samples were obtained. The study surveyed the MSDs, psychological distress of supermarket cashiers with MSDs Likert scale and Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90) scale, respectively. The data of work error of each cashier was provided by the supermarkets managers. The increasing working years of Chinese supermarket cashiers were connected with increased MSDs. Significant differences were observed in MSDs and work error of cashiers from different supermarkets (different in checkout design). The physiological health and psychological distress of supermarket cashiers are important to work performance and require serious attention. Good checkout counter design with flat conveyor is helpful to reduce cashiers’ MSDs and work error.
Hippocampal damage attenuates habituation to videos in monkeys
Authors: Brady Ryan J. , Basile Benjamin M. , Hampton Robert R.
Published: September 2019

Monkeys with selective damage to the hippocampus are often unimpaired in matching‐to‐sample tests but are reportedly impaired in visual paired comparison. While both tests assess recognition of previously seen images, delayed matching‐to‐sample may engage active memory maintenance whereas visual paired comparison may not. Passive memory tests that are not rewarded with food and that do not require extensive training may provide more sensitive measures of hippocampal function. To test this hypothesis, we assessed memory in monkeys with hippocampal damage and matched controls by providing them the opportunity to repeatedly view small sets of videos. Monkeys pressed a button to play each video. The same 10 videos were used for six consecutive days, after which 10 new videos were introduced in each of seven cycles of testing. Our measure of memory was the extent to which monkeys habituated with repeated presentations, watching fewer videos per session over time. Monkeys with hippocampal lesions habituated more slowly than did control monkeys, indicating poorer memory for previous viewings. Both groups dishabituated each time new videos were introduced. These results, like those from preferential viewing, suggest that the hippocampus may be especially important for memory of incidentally encoded events.
Place navigation in the Morris water task results in greater nuclear Arc mRNA expression in dorsal compared to ventral CA1
Authors: Lee J. Quinn , Demchuk Aubrey M. , Morgan Erik , McHugh Rebecca , McNaughton Bruce L. , Sutherland Robert J. , McDonald Robert J.
Published: September 2019

Previous work has shown that the dorsal hippocampus has greater activity than ventral regions during place navigation. Exposure to a novel context has also been found to increase hippocampal activation, possibly due to increased spatial demands. However, activation patterns in dorsal and ventral regions have not been investigated in the Morris water task (MWT), which remains the most popular assay of place memory in rodents. We measured activity in a large population of neurons across the CA1 dorsal–ventral axis by estimating nuclear Arc mRNA with stereologic systematic‐random sampling procedures following changes to goal location or spatial context in the MWT in rats. Following changes to goal location or spatial context in the MWT, we did not find an effect on Arc mRNA expression in CA1. However, Arc expression was greater in the dorsal compared to the ventral aspect of CA1 during task performance. Several views might account for these observed differences in dorsal–ventral Arc mRNA expression, including task parameters or the granularity of representation that differs along the dorsal–ventral hippocampal axis. Future work should determine the effects of task differences and required memory precision in relation to dorsal–ventral hippocampal neuronal activity.
Synthesis of Organometallic Compounds in Flow
Authors: Zhao Tuan , Micouin Laurent , Piccardi Riccardo
Published: September 2019

Microreactor technology has proved to be an important technique in organic synthesis, especially when organometallic compounds are used, because it allows running rapid reactions with reactive and instable intermediates. This review will highlight the preparation of main‐group organometallic compounds deriving from Lithium, Magnesium, Zinc and Aluminum and their applications in flow conditions.
Exogenous hormone use and cutaneous melanoma risk in women: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Cervenka Iris , Al Rahmoun Marie , Mahamat‐Saleh Yahya , Fournier Agnès , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Severi Gianluca , Caini Saverio , Palli Domenico , Ghiasvand Reza , Veierod Marit B. , Botteri Edoardo , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Fortner Renée T. , Kaaks Rudolf , Schulze Matthias B. , Panico Salvatore , Trichopoulou Antonia , Dessinioti Clio , Niforou Katerina , Sieri Sabina , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita Bas , Sandanger Torkjel M. , Colorado‐Yohar Sandra , Sánchez Maria J. , Gil Majuelo Leire , Lujan‐Barroso Leila , Ardanaz Eva , Merino Susana , Isaksson Karolin , Butt Salma , Ljuslinder Ingrid , Jansson Malin , Travis Ruth C. , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Weiderpass Elisabete , Dossus Laure , Rinaldi Sabina , Kvaskoff Marina
Published: September 2019

Evidence suggests an influence of sex hormones on cutaneous melanoma risk, but epidemiologic findings are conflicting. We examined the associations between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and melanoma risk in women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is a prospective cohort study initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Information on exogenous hormone use at baseline was derived from country‐specific self‐administered questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over 1992–2015, 1,696 melanoma cases were identified among 334,483 women, whereof 770 cases among 134,758 postmenopausal women. There was a positive, borderline‐significant association between OC use and melanoma risk (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00–1.26), with no detected heterogeneity across countries (phomogeneity = 0.42). This risk increased linearly with duration of use (ptrend = 0.01). Among postmenopausal women, ever use of MHT was associated with a nonsignificant increase in melanoma risk overall (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.97–1.43), which was heterogeneous across countries (phomogeneity = 0.05). Our findings do not support a strong and direct association between exogenous hormone use and melanoma risk. In order to better understand these relations, further research should be performed using prospectively collected data including detailed information on types of hormone, and on sun exposure, which may act as an important confounder or effect modifier on these relations.
Associations between prenatal substance exposure, prenatal violence victimization, unintended pregnancy, and trauma exposure in childhood in a clinical setting
Authors: Cohodes Emily M. , Gee Dylan G. , Lieberman Alicia F.
Published: September 2019

Given the importance of early prevention and intervention strategies for children exposed to trauma, detection of early risk factors for exposure to traumatic events in childhood is critical. The present study examined associations between three known prenatal risk factors that characterize environmental instability in utero—prenatal substance exposure, prenatal violence victimization, and unintended pregnancy—and child exposure to interparental violence and other adverse experiences in a sample of 198 mother–child dyads (M child age = 44.48 months) referred to a hospital clinic for treatment following exposure to trauma. Prenatal substance and violence exposure were associated with child trauma exposure, and prenatal violence victimization was also associated with maternal severity ratings of traumatic exposures. Unintended pregnancy was not associated with child trauma exposure or severity. These findings expand our understanding of prenatal risk factors for trauma exposure in childhood and, specifically, highlight prenatal substance exposure and violence victimization as risk factors for subsequent exposure to trauma in early childhood. Results suggest that prenatal prevention and intervention programs should target reducing maternal substance use and in‐utero exposure to violence.
Effect of consecutive rare codons on the recombinant production of human proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Correddu Danilo , Montaño López José de Jesús , Angermayr S. Andreas , Middleditch Martin J. , Payne Leo S. , Leung Ivanhoe K. H.
Published: September 2019

In Escherichia coli, the expression of heterologous genes for the production of recombinant proteins can be challenging due to the codon bias of different organisms. The rare codons AGG and AGA are among the rarest in E. coli. In this work, by using the human gene RioK2 as case study, we found that the presence of consecutive AGG‐AGA led to a premature stop, which may be caused by an event of −1 frameshift. We found that translational problems caused by consecutive AGG‐AGA are sequence dependent, in particular, in sequences that contain multiple rare AGG or AGA codons elsewhere. Translational problems can be alleviated by different strategies, including codon harmonization, codon optimization, or by substituting the consecutive AGG‐AGA codons by more frequent arginine codons. Overall, our results furthered our understanding about the relationship between consecutive rare codons and translational problems. Such information will aid the design of DNA sequence for the production of recombinant proteins.
The role of neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume in detecting patients with acute venous thromboembolism
Authors: Farah Raymond , Nseir William , Kagansky Dana , Khamisy‐farah Rola
Published: September 2019

Background

Acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the extremities or pulmonary embolism (PE), or to both. Reliable imaging is not always available making a serologic diagnosis, or biomarker, highly desirable.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the role of neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) in detection patients with acute VTE.

Methods

A total of 327 patients with initial diagnosis of acute VTE who were admitted to Ziv hospital were evaluated. Of them, 272 patients with definitive diagnosis of VTE, and 55 patients without VTE were used as control group. Complete blood count (CBC), measurements of NLR, MPV, and PLR were determined at admission.

Results

Patients with VTE were older than controls (62 ± 18.9 vs 55.4 ± 15.1 years, respectively, P = .03). Female gender was predominant in the two groups. In the study group, 178/272 (66%) had DVT, 84/272 (31%) had pulmonary embolism (PE), and the rest had DVT and PE. NLR, MPV, and PLR were found to be significantly elevated in acute VTE compared to control (P < .001, P = .008, P = .014, respectively). A ROC curve analysis of NLR and MPV for predicting acute VTE was performed which found a cut‐off value of 5.3 for NLR, an area under curve of (0.67 (0.60‐0.75), P < .001, with a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 57%. and a cut‐off value of 8.6 for MPV, an area under curve of (0.61 [0.53‐0.68], P = .014, with a sensitivity of 52% and specificity of 67%. Multivariate logistic regression model found that NLR (OR 1.2, 95% CI [1.01‐1.4], P = .041) and MPV (OR 1.5, 95%CI [1.07‐2.12], P = .5) were associated with acute VTE.

Conclusions

Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio and MPV could be beneficial predictors for the early detection of potential acute VTE.
“What would the neighbors do?” Measuring sexual and domestic violence prevention social norms among youth and adults
Authors: Banyard Victoria , Edwards Katie , Rizzo Andrew
Published: September 2019

There is growing attention to how social processes in communities may contribute to domestic and sexual violence (DSV) and be a target for prevention efforts. Three main variables are collective efficacy and descriptive and injunctive norms. To date, few measures exist that assess these variables in the specific context of violence prevention. The current study sampled 3,866 adults and high‐school youth in four communities in northern New England. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses examined the psychometrics of the scales. Scales reflecting collective efficacy, indirect public, and direct individualized descriptive norms, public and personal injunctive norms, and youth perceptions of adults’ prevention actions demonstrated robust factor structures and adequate reliability and validity. These measures may prove useful for a diverse audience (e.g., practitioner, researchers) for assessing the effectiveness of community‐level DSV prevention strategies.
Rce1 suppresses invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via epithelial‐mesenchymal transition induced by the TGF‐β1/H‐Ras signaling pathway
Authors: Ma Chaoqun , Yang Yan , Xu Lei , Tu Wei , Chen Feng , Wang Jianming
Published: September 2019

Ras converting enzyme 1 (Rce1) plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of malignancy. However, the mechanism has not yet been fully explored in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Primarily, we investigated the expression of Rce1 and H‐Ras influence on patient prognosis through the clinical data. Further, we analyzed the regulatory effects of Rce1/H‐Ras signal pathway on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we screened out the protein which bonds with Rce1 by CO‐IP experiment to discuss the mechanism of Rce1 in EMT of HCC. This research revealed a significantly decreased expression of Rce1 in HCC compared with noncancerous tissues (p < .05). In contrast, H‐Ras expression was increased in the tumor. The expression of them was a close association with the differentiation and tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage of the tumor (p < .001; p = .035, respectively) and Rce1 was an independent prognostic indicator (95%Cl: 0.193–0.821; p = .013). Through targeted regulation of Rce1 by cDNA or small interfering RNA, results show that the lower expression of Rce1 facilitated EMT and promoted the invasion and metastasis of HCC (p < .05). Furthermore, the CO‐IP experiment unfolded that Rce1 could bond with farnesyltransferase‐β (FNTB) which mediated the expression of H‐Ras. Conclusions: Rce1 inhibits EMT via target regulation H‐Ras and suppress the early invasion and metastasis of HCC. It may be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic indicator for HCC.
miR‐483‐3p suppresses the proliferation and progression of human triple negative breast cancer cells by targeting the HDAC8>oncogene
Authors: Menbari Mohammad‐Nazir , Rahimi Karim , Ahmadi Abbas , Mohammadi‐Yeganeh Samira , Elyasi Anvar , Darvishi Nikoo , Hosseini Vahedeh , Abdi Mohammad
Published: September 2019

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subclass of breast cancer (BC) distinguished by lack of hormone receptor expression. It is highly aggressive and difficult to treat with traditional chemotherapeutic regimens. Targeted‐therapy using microRNAs (miR) has recently been proposed to improve the treatment of TNBC in the early stages. Here, we explore the roles of miR‐483‐3p/HDAC8 HDAC8 premiR‐vector on tumorigenicity in TNBC patients. Clinical TNBC specimens and three BC cell lines were prepared. miR‐483‐3p and expression levels were measured using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cell cycle progression was assessed by a flow‐cytometry method. We also investigated cell proliferation by 3‐2, 5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and colony formation assay. We used a to overexpress miR‐483‐3p, and a HDAC8‐KO‐vector for knocking out the endogenous production of HDAC8. Our data showed significant downregulation of miR‐483‐3p expression in TNBC clinical and cell line samples. The HDAC8 was also upregulated in both tissue specimens and BC cell lines. We found that increased levels of endogenous miR‐483‐3p affects tumorigenecity of MDA‐MB‐231. Downregulation of HDAC8 using the KO‐vector showed the same pattern. Our results revealed that the miR‐483‐3p suppresses cellular proliferation and progression in TNBC cell lines via targeting HDAC8. Overall, our outcomes demonstrated the role of miR‐483‐3p as a tumor suppressor in TNBC and showed the possible mechanism via HDAC8. In addition, targeted treatment of TNBC with miR‐483‐3p might be considered in the future.
Chitosan hydrochloride mediated efficient, green catalysis for the synthesis of perimidine derivatives
Authors: Shelke Premchand B. , Mali Suraj N. , Chaudhari Hemchandra K. , Pratap Amit P.
Published: September 2019

Chitosan hydrochloride as biopolymer‐based, renewable, and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst was used for efficient one‐pot synthesis of perimidine derivatives. This newly developed greener methodology provides a very simple and greener route for the synthesis of perimidines in short time with excellent yield.
Synthesis and characterization of some novel bis‐thiazoles
Authors: Mahmoud Huda K. , Kassab Refaie M. , Gomha Sobhi M.
Published: September 2019

The bis‐thiosemicarbazone derivative 3 was prepared and reacted with N‐aryl‐2‐oxopropane hydrazonoyl chloride 4a‐g and ethyl (N‐arylhydrazono)chloroacetate 7a‐e in absolute ethanol in the presence of triethylamine at reflux afforded a new series of thiazoles 6a‐g and 9a‐e, respectively. Also, thiosemicarbazone derivative 3 was reacted with N′‐phenylbenzohydrazonoyl chloride 10 to give the respective bis‐thiadiazole derivative 12. Moreover, the reaction of 3 with a number of haloketones and haloesters furnished the respective bis‐thiazole derivatives 14, 16, 18, and 20. The mechanisms that account for formation of products 6, 9, and 12 were discussed. Also, the molecular structure of the synthesized compounds was illustrated by spectroscopic and elemental analysis.