bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desempenho funcional de crianças com paralisia cerebral participantes de tratamento multidisciplinar
Authors: Dias Alex Carrer Borges , Freitas Joyce Cristina , Formiga Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto , Viana Fabiana Pavan
Published: April 2012

A paralisia cerebral (PC) é um conjunto de desordens posturais e do movimento que causam limitações funcionais; é atribuída a distúrbios não-progressivos, porém mutáveis, decorrentes de lesão do cérebro imaturo. Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar as dimensões funcionais comprometidas e observar a evolução da função motora grossa de crianças com PC submetidas a tratamento multidisciplinar em um intervalo de quatro meses. A amostra foi composta por 27 crianças com PC (média de idade 7,6 anos) que freqüentavam a Associação Pestalozzi de Goiânia, GO. O nível de comprometimento das crianças foi atribuído segundo o sistema de classificação da função motora grossa GMFCS (Gross motor function classification system); a medida de função motora grossa GMFM (Gross motor function measure) foi aplicada no início do estudo e após quatro meses. Os resultados mostram que 55,6% das crianças estavam nos níveis IV e V do GMFCS; foi verificada evolução da função motora grossa em todas as dimensões avaliadas pela GMFM, exceto na postura sentada - sugerindo que as transferências de postura e a locomoção devem ser focalizadas no tratamento multidisciplinar dessas crianças com CP.
Função pulmonar em mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia: um estudo piloto
Authors: Schettino Renata de Carvalho , Jotta Lícia Maria Garcia Nogueira , Cassali Geovanni Dantas
Published: April 2012

O câncer de mama é a forma de câncer que mais causa mortes entre mulheres no Brasil. O tratamento consiste em intervenção cirúrgica, quimioterapia, hormonioterapia e radioterapia, esta última responsável por uma significativa diminuição na taxa de recorrência local do câncer, mas que pode afetar a função pulmonar. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar alterações pulmonares funcionais decorrentes da radioterapia no tratamento do câncer de mama. Participaram do estudo 10 mulheres submetidas a tratamento do câncer de mama, avaliadas quanto à função pulmonar antes e após a radioterapia. Foram mensuradas capacidade inspiratória e capacidade vital forçada, por espirômetro de incentivo, e pressões inspiratória e expiratória máximas, por manovacuômetro. Embora tenha havido redução, em vários casos, dos valores medidos antes e depois da radioterapia, não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa. Nas pacientes avaliadas, pois, a radioterapia não parece ter prejudicado a função pulmonar.
Efeito das terapias associadas de imagem motora e de movimento induzido por restrição na hemiparesia crônica: estudo de caso
Authors: Trevisan Claudia Morais , Trintinaglia Vanessa
Published: April 2012

Este estudo analisa os efeitos da associação das terapias de imagem motora e de movimento induzido por restrição na reeducação funcional do membro superior (MS) de um paciente com deficit sensorial e motor determinado por acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). A terapia de imagem motora (IM) consistiu em: 1o, estimulo visual do espelho, em 3 sessões semanais de 30 a 60 minutos por 4 semanas; e 2o, IM com prática mental, em 3 sessões semanais de 15 minutos por 3 semanas. Por último foi aplicada a terapia de indução ao movimento por restrição do membro superior não-afetado por 14 dias, em 10 dos quais foi feita atividade funcional do membro parético por 6 horas diárias. Além da avaliação clinica da sensibilidade e medida da força de preensão palmar, antes do tratamento e após cada modalidade de terapia foi medida a amplitude de movimentos de ombro, cotovelo e punho e aplicada a escala de avaliação motora (EAM). Os escores dos quatro momentos da coleta foram comparados estatisticamente. Após o tratamento os resultados mostraram diferença significativa (p<0,05) com aumento da amplitude de movimentos em todas as articulações do MS e na força de preensão palmar; redução no tempo de execução de tarefas da função de braço e mão na EAM; e recuperação clinica da sensibilidade, especialmente tátil e sensação de pressão. No paciente estudado a associação da IM e da terapia de movimento induzido por restrição foi eficaz na recuperação funcional do membro superior parético pós-AVE.
First Successful Deployment of a Cost-Effective Chemical Plug to Stimulate Selectively Using CT in Saudi Arabia Gas Fields – A Case History
Authors: Al-Ghazal Mohammed , Abel Justin T. , Al-Saihati Ali , Buali Muhammad , Al-Ruwaished Azmi , Vielma Jose R. , Bustamante Ernesto
Published: April 2012

As the world's demand for natural gas hits new records, technology developers and researchers work interactively to provide new technologies that support gas production and supply. Among these technologies come isolation plugs: mechanical and chemical. Chemical plugs have two main advantages over mechanical plugs. First, chemical plugs enable more flexible movement for Coiled Tubing (CT). Second, chemical plugs are easier to remove once unneeded using acid.

Fluid systems used as diverters and temporary plugs in stimulation and work-over operations, are mostly polymer-based fluids that generate less damage to the formation and can hold higher differential pressures. The use of this technique has minimized the need for mechanical packers, bridge plugs and mechanical diversion techniques.

One application for chemical plugs is selective zonal stimulation, where a coiled tubing and chemical plug are used in multi¬zone gas wells to selectively stimulate zones of interest. This paper outlines the first, in Saudi Arabia Gas Fields, successful deployment of a chemical plug— using CT — to stimulate the lower interval while isolating the upper producing interval. In addition, the plug's key characteristics, optimum rate and amount are addressed.

Analysis of the post-treatment results, production rate and flowing wellhead pressure, demonstrated a very positive productivity.
Integrating Optimized Casing Exit and Solid Expandable Technologies: Bringing New Life to Dead Wells
Authors: Sanders Tom , Hogg Cliff , York Pat , Tompek Franz
Published: April 2012

Six recent well recompletions in Hassi Messaoud Field, Algeria utilized shallow angle casing exit technology in conjunction with solid expandable liner systems to optimize a workover campaign and revitalize an aging field. The operator in this field faced recompletion challenges such as existing well size constraints, reducing top-down drilling cost, and maximizing completion clearance while creating maximum reservoir contact (MRC) wells. The combination of shallow angle and expandable technology proved to be beneficial by reducing the dogleg severity (DLS) at the window exit, reducing the risk of expandable pipe damage across the window exit, and allowing the solid expandable liners to be run out the window and seal above the window. Once in place, these liners were cemented and expanded successfully in both the openhole and through the casing exit window.

In the past, casing exits resulted in significant size step downs for the resulting production liners. This in turn limited the completion options available, particularly for water shut-off. The development of solid expandable liner systems has significantly reduced such sizing limitations and provides greater size and flexibility, enabling the creation of larger laterals and optimum-sized completions. The ability to run expandable liners through a conventional casing exit window has been of some concern due to much higher DLS and possible damage to expandable pipe due to rugged window (if not properly milled and polished). This paper demonstrates that the integration of optimized casing exit and expandable liner technologies is a proven successful strategy for re-entry workover wells. This well enhancement strategy has successfully increased production in this field and others, facilitating the economical development of remaining oil reserves.
Stuck Pipe Best Practices – A Challenging Approach to Reducing Stuck Pipe Costs
Authors: Muqeem Muhammad A. , Weekse Alexander E. , Al-Hajji Ali A.
Published: April 2012

Stuck pipe incidents are one of the major operational challenges of the E&P industry and events usually lead to significant amount of lost time and associated costs. Various industry estimates claim that stuck pipe costs may exceed several hundred million US dollars per year. In Saudi Aramco, the recent increase in drilling activity, drilling in depleted and higher-risk reservoirs have led to an increased risk of stuck pipe. In 2010 Saudi Aramco formed a task force to focus on lowering its stuck pipe costs. In its campaign to reduce this cost, the task force selected key personnel from each of the Drilling & Workover (D&WO) operating departments.

This paper summarizes the result of the Stuck Pipe Teams’ findings and the best practice documents generated. For 2009, 69.5% of the total stuck pipes were due to mechanical sticking and 30.5% attributed to differential sticking. Furthermore, based on the team's findings, a customized training plan was formulated to certify key D&WO operations personnel every 2 years.
Development of Low Permeability Reservoir Utilizing Multi-stage Fracture Completion in the Minimum Stress Direction
Authors: Ahmed Mahbub , Rahim Zillur , Al-Anazi Hamoud , Al-Kanaan Adnan , Mohiuddin Mohammed
Published: April 2012

Saudi Aramco is developing several gas fields in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia by drilling horizontal wells in the Khuff and pre-Khuff tight carbonate and sandstone formations. To date, many wells have been drilled in the maximum horizontal stress direction with virtually no wellbore instability occurring during the drilling operation. When these wells are hydraulically fractured, the fracture grows along the wellbore in the direction of well azimuth. To avoid overlapping of two adjacent induced fractures and thereby communication between stages, only 2–3 multi-stage fracture treatments can be performed. Depending upon the length of wellbore-reservoir contact, reservoir development, and stress barriers, more than four fracture treatments can become redundant or even cause premature screen-out in proppant fracture treatments.

Wells drilled in the direction of minimum horizontal stress are potentially more favorable from the perspective of reservoir development and optimal production. In such a situation, hydraulic fractures grow transverse to the wellbore axis allowing multiple fractures to be placed without the possibility of fracture overlapping. Consequently, few wells that have been drilled in the minimum horizontal stress direction encountered several drilling-related problems, such as stuck pipe, breakouts, and breakdowns. A comprehensive study was conducted to overcome the wellbore stability issues and investigate feasibility of drilling wells in the minimum horizontal stress direction. Correct mud weight (MW) prediction is one key factor during the drilling stage to keep the wellbore stable and deliver good borehole geometry to run multi-stage fracturing assembly without complication. Multiple transverse hydraulic fractures easily created in such wellbore geometry maximize reservoir contact area and increase productivity of the low quality tight reservoir.

The key objectives of the study were to define a safe MW program for the horizontal section of the planned wells by conducting a wellbore stability study, and to determine a real-time strategy to mitigate and/or manage wellbore instability problems as they arise. The scope of work included root cause analysis of drilling events, development of Mechanical Earth Models (MEM) for offset wells, integrating sections of the mechanical earth model from the offset well to the planned well trajectory and a safe MW program for planned well.
Electrical Response of a Vuggy Rock Model at Different Frequencies
Authors: Pairoys F. , Al-Zoukani A. , Keskin A. , Akbar M.
Published: April 2012

In formation evaluation, resistivity logs are used to calculate the reservoir water saturation using the well known Archie's law. When high degree of heterogeneity exists, like when vuggy structures are present, the interpretation of electrical logs can be complex. In order to highlight the effect of a vug on a two-phase oil and water flow displacement, a laboratory apparatus was designed. The system employs the 4-contact electrode method to monitor the resistivity response of a rock slab during primary drainage and imbibition cycles. The effect of frequency on the saturation exponent n was also investigated.

Two rock slab models were cut from a strongly water-wet Indiana limestone block: one slab was left untouched while the other one was drilled at its center to simulate the presence of a cylindrical vug (vuggy model). Two transparent windows were placed at both ends of the vug to allow a direct visualization of the fluids distribution with a video camera. The resistivity change was monitored during primary drainage and imbibition cycles on both homogeneous (without hole) and vuggy models. Petrophysical properties of the rock matrix were measured on the homogeneous model (without hole) from the same block.

The visual cell was helpful in understanding the difference of flow behavior between primary drainage and imbibition on the vuggy model. A comparison between the electrical response of the homogeneous and vuggy rock models showed a difference between the two respective saturation exponents at constant frequency. The experimental setup also helped to study the dependence of Archie's saturation exponent n on frequency for the vuggy sample. Because resistivity tools operate at different frequencies (LWD versus wireline), this observation is crucial for the resistivity logs calibration and interpretation for heterogeneous oil reservoirs.
Well Optimization Strategies in Conventional Reservoirs
Authors: AlQahtani Ghazi , Vadapalli Ravi , Siddiqui Shameem , Bhattacharya Srimoyee
Published: April 2012

Well optimization is an important factor in field development strategies targeted to maximizing the hydrocarbon recovery, and economic feasibility of new field development projects. Particularly, in view of shortage in new oil field discoveries, maximizing oil production and net present value (NPV) have become critical factors (hereinafter called the "critical factors") in reservoir engineering. As a result, well optimization research has become a separate field in its own merit. Recent attempts by academic and industrial researchers converged on the goal to create efficient well optimization models that can predict strategies for managing the existing oil and gas fields and developing new fields with potential for maximizing the critical factors.

Important elements in field development optimization include well type, well placement and scheduling. In the last decade, significant amount of work has been done in the area of well optimization for which both gradient based and gradient-free optimization methods were used. In gradient-based well optimization methods, the derivative of the objective function with respect to the decision variables is sought. In gradient-free optimization, a family of algorithms classified as global or "stochastic" algorithms - such as the genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, and particle swarm optimization - can be employed. Other algorithms such as local or "deterministic" algorithms (e.g. Generalized Pattern Search, and Hook Jeeves Direct Search,) are also useful in these studies. These optimization strategies can be applied individually or as an ensemble of optimization methods to maximize the critical factors in reservoir simulation.

In this paper, we review several of the current optimization techniques, and their application to maximize the critical factors. In the process, we address the significance of different methods and highlight their limitations. We discuss as well the challenges associated in extending these methods, and their potential in the future.
Stuck-Pipe Prevention Solutions in Deep Gas Drilling; New Approaches
Authors: Guzman Julio M. , Khalil Mohamed E. , Orban Nicolas , Mohiuddin Mohammed Ahmed , Verma Jaywant , Ganda Sukesh
Published: April 2012

The primary cause of nonproductive time (NPT) incurred by Saudi Aramco in the deep gas drilling environment is stuck-pipe incidents. These incidents are mostly caused by hole cleaning, differential sticking, and wellbore stability issues.

To address the stuck-pipe incidents, the Saudi Aramco drilling engineering division and a service company together developed new procedures and techniques that proved to be efficient in stuck-pipe reduction.

Poor hole cleaning was identified as the main reason for stuck-pipe incidents. Procedures with compilation of best practices having reference to planning, drilling, tripping, and working tight spots were introduced. Torque & drag (T&D) simulation, along with equivalent circulating density (ECD) monitoring, was introduced as a road map to give a bigger picture and to give warning signs along the way.

In addition, past experiences showed that mud weight could significantly be reduced without gas flow occurring. This highlighted that, due to the complex nature of the reservoir, uncertainty existed in reservoir pressure estimation. Hence, it was recommended to run a formation-pressure-while-drilling service to better understand the formation pressure distribution. The idea was to measure, while drilling, the formation pressure of different layers, which would allow an optimal overbalance adjustment to mitigate the differential sticking risk.

Even though drilling in the direction of minimum horizontal stress leads to maximizing the propagation of fractures during the stimulation phase hence increasing production rates, it has also been observed that it leads to wellbore instability, which in turn causes stuck-pipe incidents. To address the stuck pipes in such situations, a technique was developed based on creation of mechanical earth models (MEM). This practice has helped to interpret the response of the wellbore by identifying hazards and to raise awareness of wellbore stability.

The services have been an innovative approach to mitigation of stuck-pipe incidents in deep gas drilling. The techniques are a way forward to reduce stuck-pipe incidents and hence lost-in-hole situations.
Environmentally Acceptable Emulsion System: An Effective Approach for Removal of Asphaltene Deposits
Authors: Salgaonkar Lalit , Danait Achala
Published: April 2012

Precipitation of asphaltene is a serious and common challenge faced by the oil industry during production of heavy oil. Regular treatments are often required to reinstate lost productivity by removal of such deposits from tubing or within the reservoir.

Hydrocarbon-based solvents, like xylene or xylene mixtures, are the most commonly used recipes for dissolution of deposited asphaltenes. While such treatments are effective, they sometimes present problems with respect to health, safety, and environmental (HSE) characteristics (lower flash points and the presence of benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, or xylene (BETX) components), which can limit their use. Recently, water/solvent emulsion systems that offer significant advantages compared to traditional recipes have been used. The solvents used in these emulsions have relatively higher flash points, making them a safer alternative. Further, the redeposition process is delayed because the treated surfaces are left in a water-wet condition.

This paper describes the application of such water/solvent emulsion systems used to treat asphaltene deposits from two distinct regions of the eastern hemisphere. The steps taken to optimize a recipe suitable for dissolution of the asphaltene deposits are highlighted. This is extremely important to the design of a successful treatment because the complexity of the deposits vary regionally. Higher solubility values were obtained with the emulsion system when compared to xylene. Importantly, these emulsion systems could also be designed with acid as an aqueous phase. This increases the solubility values significantly because acid-soluble inorganic minerals were also found in conjunction with asphaltene in the deposits studied. The data presented demonstrates the applicability of the emulsion system for effective removal of asphaltene deposits and recovery of lost productivity. This environmentally acceptable emulsion system can contribute significantly to profitable and sustained production of heavy oil when faced with asphaltene challenges.
A Step Change in Fishing Efficiency: Recovering Stuck Pipe Using the Fishing Agitation Tool
Authors: Mohanna Assaad , Voghell Mark , Alali Aref , Bakir Rami , Al-Mousa Ahmad
Published: April 2012

One of the challenging and costly situations to overcome in modern day directional drilling applications is stuck bottom hole assemblies (BHAs) and other tubulars due to differential and/or mechanical sticking forces. Chances of recovery decay with time and conventional fishing BHAs are frequently unsuccessful. By incorporating axial-oscillation (agitation) technology, fishing reliability and effectiveness improve significantly. The Fishing Agitation Tool (FAT) is an excitation component of the fishing BHA used to deliver low impact high energy oscillation to the engaged fish. The FAT keeps the string in motion while breaking static sticking friction.

A series of pressure pulses are created by a high speed powersection and valve assembly built into the FAT, while pumping through the engaged fish. The pressure pulses act on a shock sub placed above the FAT, which turns the pulsation energy into mechanical oscillation. The axial movement travels down the fishing string to the stuck point in the form of micro-shocks, breaking static friction into dynamic motion.

After successful electric submersible pump (ESP) retrieval in Australia and casing pulling in Brazil, the FAT was used in Saudi Arabia for the first time to recover a differentially stuck BHA from 6 1/8 in (155 mm) hole in a deep high angle well. The initial application involved pipe that was stuck in hole for over 12 days without any movement, during which several conventional fishing BHAs were tried. The FAT was run in the final fishing BHA in conjunction with the stroking tools. The fish was free in less than an hour of axially oscillating and stroking on the stuck BHA.

The FAT offers a new level of fishing technology that maximizes the effect and reliability of fishing BHAs in challenging wellbore environments, where conventional fishing techniques are deemed insufficient. This increased efficiency offers substantial reduction in fishing lost time, and increased potential for fish and well recovery.
Multivariate model for the assessment of risk of fetal loss in goat herds
Authors: Czopowicz M. , Kaba J. , Szaluś-Jordanow O. , Nowicki M. , Witkowski L. , Frymus T.
Published: April 2012

Multivariate model for the assessment of risk of fetal loss in goat herds

The observational study was carried out in a population of Polish breeding goats in 2007 to determine the prevalence of fetal loss and identify risk factors contributing to its occurrence. The multivariate model allowing to predict the risk of the occurrence of fetal loss in a herd in a study population was developed. Data on the occurrence of fetal loss, as well as of 28 hypothesized risk factors were collected from goat owners using standardized questionnaire during face-to-face reviews on farms. Moreover, data on the herd-level seroprevalence of four abortifacient infections -Chlamydophila abortus, Leptospiraspp., BVDV-1 andNeospora caninum- were included in the final analysis. Fetal loss was reported as occurring often in 12 of 49 goat herds (24.5%). The relationship between the hypothesized risk factors and the occurrence of fetal loss was verified in the multivariate logistic regression (α=0.05). Final analysis yielded four risk factors: regular veterinary supervision at least twice a year (OR 0.188; CI 95% 0.054 - 0.656), frequent occurrence of injuries and fractures (OR 3.172; CI 95% 1.081 - 9.310), frequent occurrence of respiratory signs in adult goats (OR 4.848; CI 95% 1.353 - 17.377) and presence of antibodies toC. abortusin a herd (OR 58.116; CI 95% 1.369 - 2466.438). The accuracy of the multivariate model was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve technique. Area under the curve was 0.895 (CI 95% 0.801-0.981). For optimal cut-off value of 0.20-0.35 the multivariate model had sensitivity of 75.00% and specificity of 89.19% in predicting fetal loss in a herd.
Conantokin G-induced changes in the chemical coding of dorsal root ganglion neurons supplying the porcine urinary bladder
Authors: Bossowska A. , Majewski M.
Published: April 2012

Conantokin G-induced changes in the chemical coding of dorsal root ganglion neurons supplying the porcine urinary bladder

Conantokin G (CTG), isolated from the venom of the marine cone snailConus geographus, is an antagonist ofN-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), the activation of which, especially those located on the central afferent terminals and dorsal horn neurons, leads to hypersensitivity and pain. Thus, CTG blocking of NMDARs, has an antinociceptive effect, particularly in the case of neurogenic pain treatment. As many urinary bladder disorders are caused by hyperactivity of sensory bladder innervation, it seems useful to estimate the influence of CTG on the plasticity of sensory neurons supplying the organ. Retrograde tracer Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the urinary bladder wall of six juvenile female pigs. Three weeks later, intramural bladder injections of CTG (120 μg per animal) were carried out in all animals. After a week, dorsal root ganglia of interest were harvested from all animals and neurochemical characterization of FB+neurons was performed using a routine double-immunofluorescence labeling technique on 10-μm-thick cryostat sections. CTG injections led to a significant decrease in the number of FB+neurons containing substance P (SP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), somatostatin (SOM), calbindin (CB) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) when compared with healthy animals (20% vs. 45%, 13% vs. 26%, 1.3% vs. 3%, 1.2 vs. 4% and 0.9% vs. 6% respectively) and to an increase in the number of cells immunolabelled for galanin (GAL, 39% vs. 6.5%). These data demonstrated that CTG changed the chemical coding of bladder sensory neurons, thus indicating that CTG could eventually be used in the therapy of selected neurogenic bladder illnesses.
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) as a tool for creating transgenic chickens
Authors: Chojnacka-Puchta L. , Kasperczyk K. , Płucienniczak G. , Sawicka D. , Bednarczyk M.
Published: April 2012

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) as a tool for creating transgenic chickens

The transgenic chicken has great potential as a bioreactor for the production of valuable pharmaceutical proteins, notably in the oviduct/egg. Whereas conventional transgenic approaches have significant limitations in this species, an alternative approach employing primordial germ cells (PGCs), the progenitor cells to ova and spermatozoa, has now been successfully applied to the insertion of exogenous genes into birds. Recent developments in manipulating avian embryos make it possible to produce germline chimeras derived from transferred PGCs. In this review we describe the migration pathway of chicken PGCs during early development. We then summarize different methods for the isolation of PGCs and the diversity of techniques used to introduce genes into these cells. Finally, we describe an in vitro assay for testing tissue-specific vectors designed to express heterologous proteins in transgenic chickens.
Neoproterozoic pegmatite from Skoddefjellet, Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen: Additional evidence for c. 640 Ma tectonothermal event in the Caledonides of Svalbard
Authors: Majka Jarosław , Larionov Alexander , Gee David , Czerny Jerzy , Pršek Jaroslav
Published: April 2012

Neoproterozoic pegmatite from Skoddefjellet, Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen: Additional evidence forc. 640 Ma tectonothermal event in the Caledonides of Svalbard

Neoproterozoic (c. 640 Ma) amphibolite facies metamorphism and deformation have been shown recently to have affected the Isbjørnhamna and Eimfjellet Complex of Wedel Jarlsberg Land in southwestern Spitsbergen. New SHRIMP zircon U-Pb andin situelectron microprobe monazite and uraninite U-Th-total Pb ages are presented here on a pegmatite occurring within the Isbjørnhamna metasedimentary rocks. Although the dated zircons are full of inclusions, have high-U contents and are metamict and hence have experienced notable Pb-loss, the new Cryogenian ages are consistent with the age of regional metamorphism of the host metasediments, providing additional evidence for a clear distinction of the Southwestern Province from the other parts of the Svalbard Caledonides.
Changes in acanthocephalan infection of the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, over 29 years
Authors: Laskowski Zdzisław , Korczak-Abshire Małgorzata , Zdzitowiecki Krzysztof
Published: April 2012

Changes in acanthocephalan infection of the Antarctic fishNotothenia coriicepsin Admiralty Bay, King George Island, over 29 years

A comparison between the levels of infection with Acanthocephala of the fishNotothenia coriicepsin Admiralty Bay (South Shetland Islands, Antarctic) in 1978/79 and 2007/08 is presented. The same eight acanthocephalan species, three echinorhynchids maturing in fish,Aspersentis megarhynchus(dominant species),Metacanthocephalus johnstoni(subdominant species) andM. dalmori(common species), and five polymorphids maturing in mammals and birds,Corynosoma hamanni, C. pseudohamanni(both co-dominant species),C. arctocephaliandC. bullosum(both common species), andC. shackletoni(rare species), were found. Echinorhynchids were more numerous in 2007/08 (mean abundance 46.54 versus 35.35 in 1978/79), whereas polymorphids more numerous in 1978/79 (mean abundance 74.35versus36.40 in 2007/08). The overall results therefore demonstrated that echinorhynchids were more numerous than polymorphids in 2007/08 and the reverse was true in 1978/79. This situation is dependent mainly upon the decreased infections withC. hamanni, C. pseudohamanniandC. bullosum, and to a lesser degree upon the increasing of infections withM. johnstoni.The decrease of the threeCorynosomaspp. is possibly associated with the decreasing of populations of final hosts, seals, on the shore of Admiralty Bay in the vicinity ofArctowskiStation.
Transformation of Thematic Cartography Domain Ontology into Java Interfaces and Clasess / Transformace Doménové Ontologie Tematické Kartografie Na Java Rozhraní A Třídy
Authors: Peňáz Tomáš , Dostál Radek
Published: April 2012

The article deals with the transformation of an experimental ontology, classifying selected declarative knowledge for the domain of thematic cartography, into classes and interfaces of the Java language. The reason for this transformation is to transfer the declarative knowledge from the field of thematic cartography into the form of a program code in the Java programming language. The resulting program code containing declarations of interfaces and classes will be further used for creating a software application for an intelligent system for the interactive support of thematic map creation. The upcoming pilot project of this knowledge system is designed for the users without necessary cartographic knowledge, which will allow them to create interactively thematic maps and provide them with the support. The purpose of the use of such a tool is to prevent the users from deviating from established cartographic rules and avoid the occurrence of gross errors in resulting maps.

A properly compiled knowledge ontology facilitates the design of the prepared intelligent cartographic application, as the use of cartographic knowledge is enabled based on the automated transformation into the program code in the Java language. The generated program code contains declarations of basic concepts of thematic cartography, their structuring into classes corresponding to the source structures described in the ontology. The code also contains descriptions vertical and horizontal relations between the declared classes and also the interface for access to these classes and relations. The automated transformation of ontology into the Java code is not completely lossless. The examples of a transformation of individual components of ontology (classes, individuals, and object and datatype properties) into interfaces and classes in Java show the differences occurred during the transfer of the declarative knowledge into the program code. From these examples it is clear that the elements of ontology component description are or are not transformed into the Java code in full. The article proposes recommendations how to optimize the knowledge description on the part of ontology in order to minimize possible losses of the transformation of knowledge into the Java code
Road Traffic Injuries: an Emerging Problem in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas SK
Published: April 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i1.10288Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(1): 05
Bryant's Traction for Neonatal Femur Fracture Occurred During Birth
Authors: Mondol AR , Chowdhury ASM Jahangir , Akhter MS , Das SP , Das DK
Published: April 2012

Femoral shaft fracture is an uncommon birth trauma. Bryant's Traction followed by spica cast is an acceptable method of treatment of femoral shaft fracture 0-18 month's age group. Here we treated 30 cases of neonatal femur fracture during birth with only Bryant's Traction of both legs for 3 weeks in hospital. We retrospectively reviewed all neonatal femur fractures occurred during birth admitted in FMCH during a two and half years period. All patients were followed up monthly for 3 months and 6 monthly for 2 years. All fractures healed satisfactorily clinically and radiographically and with no residual deformity, limb length discrepancy or functional impairment. Parents were highly satisfied with the method and its result. It is very simple method and could be safely carried out.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i1.10290aridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(1): 10-12
Result of Simultaneous Correction of Alar Deformity with Primary Repair of Unilateral Cleft Lip
Authors: Paul AC , Spauwen FH , Hoque MS , Biswas SK , Hassan MK , Khan S , Haider AHM Sulfiquor
Published: April 2012

Cleft lip and cleft palate has been a recognized congenital malformation from a very early stage in recorded history. The infant born with an orofacial deformity, which leads to develop an unwilling psychosocial problem among the parents and also among the relatives. Successful treatment of cleft is based on overcoming in tissue shortage and repositioning of the tissues in normal anatomical pattern so that it restores both appearance and function. Various modalities of theme, works, observations and involvement of multidisciplinary approaches were tried to achieve better cosmetic, aesthetic and functional aspect in management of cleft face. Poorly performed primary surgery carries a high risk of iatrogenic disturbances of subsequent orofacial growth. Delayed nasal repair in patient with cleft lip did not produce satisfactory aesthetic and functioning result. Aim & objective of the study is to achieve a cosmetically well-accepted face in respect to lip, philtrum and nose of both sides after cleft lip surgery and to reduce the incidence of secondary correction of deformed nose in a patient with cleft lip. In our study total 86 cases are studied according to preformed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Simultaneous correction of alar cartilage deformity at the time of primary repair of cleft lip may lessen the staged operative procedure and markedly reduce the economic burden to the family.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i1.10291Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(1): 13-17
Gender Disparity in Autopsy Findings: How Much is It?
Authors: Islam MM , Khan AM
Published: April 2012

Bangladesh is densely populated country where male and female ratio is closer to each other. This descriptive study investigates the gender disparity of postmortem examination findings among 7 districts in the Rajshahi division of Bangladesh. Postmortem (PM) examination stations were located in Rajshahi, Rangpur, Bogra and Dinajpur Medical Colleges & Pabna, Natore and Chapai Nawabganj Sadar Hospitals. The findings of the autopsy reports (Total 3164) over the two years (2004 & 2005) were collected retrospectively from the register book of the authority. In this study we wanted to find out gender disparity - if exists in PM examination findings and, to what extent. Manually verified data were analyzed employing SPSS/WIN V-11.5. An obvious gender disparity existed in overall occurrence of unnatural deaths, male predominate female victims (M: F ratio = 1.51:1). A significant association existed in death circumstances & gender (p<0.0001); male (634) outnumbered female (250) in homicidal deaths, in suicidal deaths female (612) outnumbered male (364) and in accidental deaths male (583) outnumbered female (135). This classical gender difference in death circumstances remains similar to our national context. Findings of this study revealed an obvious gender difference in the overall numbers of cadaveric PM examination. Males were more victimized than females in majority of medico-legal aspects analyzed, except in suicidal cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i1.10293Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(1): 23-25
Comparative Efficacy of Dried Fruits of Carica Papaya Linn. and Vitamin-E on Preventing Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Sadeque MZ , Begum ZA , Umar BU , Ferdous AH , Sultana S , Uddin MK , Uddin MK
Published: April 2012

In the absence of an effective treatment in modern medicine, efforts are being made to find suitable herbal remedies for hepatitis. This prospective experimental study was conducted in the department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2006 to June 2007 to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Carica papaya against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity and compared it with that of vitamin-E. Total 36 adult rats were used and they were divided into six equal groups namely A, B, C, D, E and F. All the rats were fed with normal diet and 2ml distilled water orally for 7 days. In addition, Group D received Carica papaya extract, Group E received olive oil and Group F received vitamin E orally per day for 7 days. On the seventh day CCl4) was administered to all the rats except Group A and was sacrificed on 8th day of experiment. Serum bilirubin, alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase and hepatic histopathology were done thereafter. Carica papaya and vitamin E showed significant hepatoprotection against CCL4) induced hepatotoxicity but Carica papaya showed more significant changes in ALP level than vitamin E. Prevention of hepatic necrosis and fatty degeneration were also observed in Carica papaya and vitamin E pretreated rats but there is no significant difference.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i1.10295Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(1): 29-32
Cutaneous Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease-An Observational Study in 100 Cases
Authors: Leena JA , Islam MMSU , Ahmed AS , Ahmed DS , Rahman MM
Published: April 2012

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) presents with an array of cutaneous manifestations. Newer changes are being described since the advent of haemodialysis, which prolongs the life expectancy, giving time for these changes to manifest. This cross sectional study was performed in 100 cases of CKD admitted in nephrology department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from April 2008 to August 2008 to evaluate the prevalence of dermatologic problems. Among them most belong to 2nd to 5th decade, 68 are male and rests are female. Glomerulonephritis (44%), Diabetes mellitus (22%), Obstructive uropathy (13%) and Hypertensive nephropathy (12%) are found common causes of CKD. Among these patients 38% patients were treated with conservative treatment, 31% with intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD), 19% with haemodialysis and 12% with some form of immunosuppressive therapy. Total 88% of study population had some form of skin disorder; pallor was the most common (82%), while xerosis (61%), pruritus (53%), pigmentation (37%) and bacterial infection (37%) were other common problems. Purpura and fungal infection was 29% and 27% respectively. Viral infection (9%), dermatitis (4%), gynaecomastia (1%), kyrle's disease (3%) are relatively less common findings. Lindsay's nail was seen in 23% of patients and was more prevalent in glomerulonephritis and diabetic patients with prevalence of 13% and 9% respectively. Other nail changes included koilonychia (4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (1%), splinter hemorrhages (3%) onychomycosis (8%) and Beau's lines (1%). So, CKD is associated with a complex array of cutaneous manifestations caused either by the disease or by treatment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i1.10296Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(1): 33-36
Stapled Haemorrhoidopexy Compared with Conventional Haemorrhoidectomy-A Systematic Review
Authors: Rahman ASMT , Rahman ASMZ , Biswas SK , Majumder KR , Biswas G
Published: April 2012

Haemorrhoids are one of the most common anorectal disorders. Conventional haemorrhoidectomy (CH) is the most commonly practiced surgical technique. Stapled haemorrhoidopexy (SH) [procedure for prolapsed haemorrhoids (PPH)] is newly developed method for the surgical management of Haemorrhoids. This review looks at the surgical management of prolapsed haemorrhoids in light of this recent development and suggests a treatment approach based on this current evidence. A Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane data base search was performed using key words "haemorrhoid" or 'hemorrhoid' and staple. Relevant papers e.g. randomized controlled trials, review and metaanalyses from different parts of the world were collected. Data were analyzed and compiled. Though early small RCTs (stapled haemorrhoidopexy comparing with traditional excisional surgery) have shown stapled haemorrhoidopexy is less painful and it is associated with quicker recovery but recent large meta-analyses and long term follow up have shown SH is associated with a higher long term risk of haemorrhoid recurrence and symptoms of prolapse.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i1.10297Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(1): 37-41
Intestinal Perforation as a Complication of Induced Abortion - a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alam IP , Pervin Z , Haque MA
Published: April 2012

Intestinal perforation is a rare complication of induced abortion but it is not rare in our country. It is most commonly seen in countries in which abortions are performed by people without proper training and with sharp pointed instruments without knowledge of anatomy. Bowel perforation occurs when the posterior vaginal wall or uterus is violated, allowing the instrument to pierce underlying structures. The ileum and sigmoid colon are the most commonly injured portions of bowel due to their anatomic location. Here we discussed a woman who sustained a perforation at anterior rectal wall from abortion and was managed successfully.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i1.10299Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(1): 46-49
Evaluation of the effect of red guava (Psidium guajava) fruit extract on tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) activity by spectrophotometry
Authors: Puspaningtyas Ayik Rosita
Published: April 2012

Tyrosinase is one of the most important enzymes in melanin biosynthesis. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity will cause a decrease in melanin production. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity by ascorbic acid has been studied before. Based on reported experiments, ascorbic acid can inhibit tyrosinase activity in enzymatic reaction competitively. As an effort to find out a skin whitening agent which is effective, safe and have minimum adverse effect, the inhibitory activities of Psidium guajava extract was studied on tyrosinase activity. This is one of the fruits that contains high amount of ascorbic acid. To determine the efficacy of tyrosinase inhibition, L-tyrosine was used as the substrate, P. guajava ex-tract as inhibitor and ascorbic acid as positive control that was measured by spectrophotometry. The optimization of method was also performed. The inhibitory kinetics was determined by measuring the absorbance of dopachrome as the end product of the tyrosinase reaction. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of the ty-rosinase were determined by Lineweaver-Burks plots. The Km and Vmax without the fruit extract were 0.315mM and 0.0265?mol/min. The Km value with the fruit extract of 1%, 2% & 3% w/v were 0.4824, 0.698 & 0.543mM, while the Vmax value were 0.0269, 0.0283 & 0.0255 ?mol/min, respectively. Lineweaver-Burks plots in presence of P. guajava fruit extract showed that the extract inhibited tyrosinase competitively. From the plots, the IC50 of the fruit extract was determined as 0.26mM; the control in 0.26mM concentration inhibited 56.523%. Finally, P. guajava fruit extract showed higher effect than ascorbic acid on Tyrosinase activity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i5.10280International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(5): 92-97
Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for determination of Duloxetine hydrochloride in bulk and dosage form
Authors: Bhimanadhuni Chusena Narasimharaju , Garikapati Devala Rao , Srinivas Chintha
Published: April 2012

A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of duloxetine hydrochloride in bulk and dosage form. The separation was effected on a kromasil ODS C18 column (250mmX4.6mm, 5?) using a mobile phase mixture of buffer and methanol in a ratio of 85:15 v/v at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. The detection was made at 230nm. The retention time of duloxetine hydrochloride was found to be 3.443±0.06 min. Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 20-120?g/ml of duloxetine hydrochloride. The propose method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method was accurate, precise, specific and rapid found to be suitable for the quantitative analysis of the drug and dosage form.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i5.10281International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(5): 98-102
In-vitro comparative evaluation of quality control parameters between paracetamol and paracetamol/caffeine tablets available in Bangladesh
Authors: Karmakar Palash , Kibria Md Golam
Published: April 2012

Paracetamol is a widely used non-prescription analgesic and antipyretic medicine. The study was conducted to assess the comparative in-vitro quality control parameters through the evaluation of weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profile between the commercially available tablet brands of paraceta-mol and paracetamol/caffeine combination in Bangladesh. Tablets of five top level manufacturers those have both of the formulations were evaluated in two groups. Both similarities and dissimilarities were found between the groups. All tablets either paracetamol (1.07 to 2.14%) or paracetamol/caffeine (0.98 to 2.09%) showed acceptable weight variation and friability (below 1%). Formulations were somewhat different in their hardness, disintegration time and dissolution profile. All tablets of paracetamol/caffeine were found harder than paracetamol tablets of the same manufacturer. 1 out of 5 for paracetamol and 3 out of 5 for paracetamol/caffeine tablets exceeded the limit of tablet hardness or crushing strength. The disintegration time in 0.1N HCl of paracetamol tablet brands (24 seconds to 4 minutes 52 seconds) were less than the paracetamol/caffeine (6 minutes 33 seconds to 17 minutes 43 seconds) brands. On the other hand in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, paracetamol/caffeine tablets dissolved quickly and showed better release profile than tablets containing only paracetamol. It can be concluded that standard quality control parameters always should be maintained not only for paracetamol or its combination but also for all kinds of medicine for getting better drug products.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i5.10282International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(5): 103-109