bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VOXEL-BASED EXTRACTION OF INDIVIDUAL PYLONS AND WIRES FROM LIDAR POINT CLOUD DATA
Authors: Munir N. , Awrangjeb M. , Stantic B. , Lu G. , Islam S.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Extraction of individual pylons and wires is important for modelling of 3D objects in a power line corridor (PLC) map. However, the existing methods mostly classify points into distinct classes like pylons and wires, but hardly into individual pylons or wires. The proposed method extracts standalone pylons, vegetation and wires from LiDAR data. The extraction of individual objects is needed for a detailed PLC mapping. The proposed approach starts off with the separation of ground and non ground points. The non-ground points are then classified into vertical (e.g., pylons and vegetation) and non-vertical (e.g., wires) object points using the vertical profile feature (VPF) through the binary support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Individual pylons and vegetation are then separated using their shape and area properties. The locations of pylons are further used to extract the span points between two successive pylons. Finally, span points are voxelised and alignment properties of wires in the voxel grid is used to extract individual wires points. The results are evaluated on dataset which has multiple spans with bundled wires in each span. The evaluation results show that the proposed method and features are very effective for extraction of individual wires, pylons and vegetation with 99% correctness and 98% completeness.
Summer variation of the UTCI index and Heat Waves in Serbia
Authors: Pecelj Milica M. , Lukić Milica Z. , Filipović Dejan J. , Protić Branko M.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The objective of this paper is the assessment of bioclimatic conditions in Sebia. A special emphasis has been given to the heat budget bioclimatic Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) whose purpose is to evaluate degree of thermal stress that human body is exposed to during the last twenty years. In addition, the thresholds of daily maximum temperatures are analysed in order to identify increase and frequency of heat waves in Serbia. For this research, daily and hourly (07 h and 14 h) meteorological data from 3 weather station (Mt. Zlatibor, Novi Sad, Niš) are collected for the period 1998–2017. The results show that the most frequent UTCI heat stress categories are strong heat stress and very strong heat stress. The most extreme heat waves events are occurred in 2007, 2012, 2015 and 2017. Moreover, there were three Heat wave events (HWE) in Niš occurred in July, 2007 lasting 3, 10 and 4 days in row. Heat wave events (HWE) In July 2007 (10 days) and July 2012 (9 days) in Niš are occurrences with maximum number of days in row recorded.
Tracing fluid transfers in subduction zones: an integrated thermodynamic and δ18O fractionation modelling approach
Authors: Vho Alice , Lanari Pierre , Rubatto Daniela , Hermann Jörg
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Oxygen isotope geochemistry is a powerful tool for investigating rocks that interacted with fluids, to assess fluid sources and quantify the conditions of fluid-rock interaction. We present an integrated modelling approach and the computer program PTLOOP that combine thermodynamic and oxygen isotope fractionation modelling for multi-rock open systems. The strategy involves a robust petrological model performing on-the-fly Gibbs energy minimizations coupled to an oxygen fractionation model both based on internally consistent databases. This approach is applied to subduction zone metamorphism to predict the possible range of δ18O values for stable phases and aqueous fluids at various pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions in the subducting slab. The modelled system is composed by a sequence of oceanic crust (mafic) with sedimentary cover of known initial chemical composition and bulk δ18O. The evolution of mineral assemblage and δ18O values of each phase is calculated along a defined P-T path. Fluid-rock interactions may occur as consequence of (1) infiltration of an external fluid into the mafic rocks or (2) transfer of the fluid liberated by dehydration reactions occurring in the mafic rocks into the sedimentary rocks. The effects of interaction with externally-derived fluids on the mineral and bulk δ18O of each rock are quantified for two typical compositions of metabasalts and metasediments with external fluid influx from serpentinite. The dehydration reactions, fluid loss and mineral fractionation produce minor to negligible variations in bulk δ18O values, i.e. within 1 ‰. By contrast, the interaction with external fluids may lead to shifts in δ18O up to one order of magnitude larger. Such variations can be detected by analysing in-situ oxygen isotope in key metamorphic minerals such as garnet, white mica and quartz. The simulations show that, when the water released by the slab infiltrates the forearc mantle wedge, it can cause extensive serpentinization within fractions of a Myr and significant oxygen isotope variation at the interface. This technique opens new perspectives to track fluid pathways in subduction zones, to distinguish porous from channelized fluid flows, and to determine the P-T conditions and the extent of fluid/rock interaction.
On the multi-fractal scaling properties of sea ice deformation
Authors: Rampal Pierre , Dansereau Véronique , Olason Einar , Bouillon Sylvain , Williams Timothy , Korosov Anton , Samaké Abdoulaye
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we evaluate the neXtSIM sea ice model with respect to the observed scaling invariance properties of sea ice deformation in the spatial and temporal domains. Using an Arctic setup with realistic initial conditions, state-of-the-art atmospheric reanalysis forcing and geostrophic currents retrieved from satellite data, we show that the model is able to reproduce the observed properties of this scaling in both the spatial and temporal domains over a wide range of scales, as well as their multi-fractality. The variability of these properties during the winter season is also captured by the model. We also show that the simulated scaling exhibits a space–time coupling, a suggested property of brittle deformation at geophysical scales. The ability to reproduce the multi-fractality of this scaling is crucial in the context of downscaling model simulation outputs to infer sea ice variables at the sub-grid scale and also has implications for modeling the statistical properties of deformation-related quantities, such as lead fractions and heat and salt fluxes.
Brief communication: CESM2 climate forcing (1950–2014) yields realistic Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance
Authors: Noël Brice , van Kampenhout Leonardus , van de Berg Willem Jan , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Wouters Bert , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We present a reconstruction of historical (1950–2014) surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) using a high-resolution regional climate model (RACMO2; ~ 11 km) to dynamically downscale the climate of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2; ~ 111 km). After further statistical downscaling to 1 km spatial resolution, evaluation using in situ SMB measurements and remotely sensed GrIS mass change shows good agreement, including the recently observed acceleration in surface mass loss (2003–2014). Comparison with an ensemble of eight previously conducted RACMO2 simulations forced by climate reanalysis demonstrates that the current product accurately reproduces the long term average and inter-annual variability of individual SMB components, and captures the recent increase in meltwater runoff that accelerated GrIS mass loss. This means that, for the first time, an Earth System Model (CESM2), without assimilating observations, can be used to reconstruct historical GrIS SMB and the mass loss acceleration that started in the 1990s. This paves the way for attribution studies of future GrIS mass loss projections and contribution to sea level rise.
Performance study of the QuLAF pre-design model for a 10 MW floating wind turbine
Authors: Madsen Freddy J. , Pegalajar-Jurado Antonio , Bredmose Henrik
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This paper presents a comparison study of the simplified model QuLAF (Quick Load Analysis of Floating wind turbines) and a FAST model of the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) 10 MW reference wind turbine mounted on the LIFES50+ OO-Star Wind Floater Semi 10 MW floating substructure. The purpose is to investigate how accurate results can be obtained from this simplified model for different load cases.
The two models are briefly presented and the limitations of QuLAF are discussed. These are (a) an under-prediction of the wave excitation loads for large sea states; (b) a simplified representation of the rotor-induced forcing and damping; (c) an over-predicted aerodynamic damping for the tower mode motion and (d) restriction to planar motion. All the limitations are linked to approximations applied for achieving the substantial model speedup relative to the state-of-the-art model.
The comparative study is based on the planar version of design load cases (DLCs) 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 2.1 and 6.1, and the overall analysis shows that the simplified model is generally good at estimating the bending moment at the tower base and the floater motions in heave and pitch. The largest tower-base bending moments are slightly over-predicted, but it is observed that while stronger wind leads to an over-prediction, stronger waves lead to an under-prediction. Thus, in DLC 1.6, where the largest load was obtained at 10.3 m s−1, a good match in tower-base bending moments between the two models is found.
The nacelle acceleration, however, is generally under-predicted, which is linked to an over-prediction of the aerodynamic damping on the tower mode. Furthermore, the floater response in large sea states is influenced by the omission of viscous hydrodynamic drag forcing, which leads to an under-prediction of the wave excitation loads.
A further investigation of the model limitations confirms these findings with respect to the tower mode damping and viscous drag loads, while the simplified approach to rotor-induced loads is found to provide remarkably accurate forcing results.
Although a full design load basis evaluation with a state-of-the-art model must be carried out for the final design, the present results show the potential of applying simplified models in the preliminary design phase.
Impacto del uso de artes de pesca tradicionales en la franja costera de Bilwi
Authors: Downs Coleman Carlos , Dino Steven Kaleth Robert
Published: September 2019

El presente estudio trata sobre el impacto que genera el uso de las artes de pesca en las zonas costeras del barrio el Muelle y la comunidad El Cocal, de la ciudad de Bilwi. La pesca tradicional se ha convertido en el medio de vida más importante para las familias que han habitado en la franja costera de Bilwi. Con el pasar del tiempo las artes de pescas comenzaron a innovarse o a mejorar, con la obtención de nuevos materiales y nuevas formas de construcción para mayor aprovechamiento del recurso causando daño al fondo marino y a las especies marinas, provocando impacto de forma negativa a los ecosistemas marinos y hábitats. Con esta temática se identifica de manera concisa, el impacto provocado por el uso de las artes de pesca, la importancia y el beneficio que genera en cuanto al conocimiento que adquieran los pescadores artesanales. El estudio investigativo es cualitativo a un nivel descriptivo. Se basa en observaciones de las actividades pesqueras que realizan los pescadores, exploración del área de trabajo donde realizan sus actividades pesqueras y con los tipos de artes de pesca con la que capturan. Se describe de manera concisa, los problemas encontrados en el área, de acuerdo a los objetivos de la investigación. La información para realizar este estudio se obtuvo a través de documentos e investigaciones realizadas por personas intelectuales, entrevistas a autoridades de barrios y a pescadores. Los datos indican que tanto la población pesquera como el esfuerzo pesquero ha venido en aumento, creando condiciones no favorables tal como es la extinción de especies.
Renewable Energy Targets in the Context of the EU ETS: Whom do They Benefit Exactly?
Authors: Landis Florian , Heindl Peter
Published: September 2019

We study how European climate and energy policy targets affect different member states and households of different income quintiles within the member states. We find that renewable energy targets in power generation, by reducing EU ETS permit prices, may make net permit exporters worse off and net permit importers better off. This effect appears to dominate the efficiency cost of increasing the share of energy provided by renewable energy sources in the countries that adopt such targets. While an increase in prices for energy commodities, which is entailed by the policies in question, affects households in low income quintiles the most, recycling revenues from climate policy allows governments to compensate them for the losses. If renewable targets reduce the revenues from ETS permit auctions, member states with large allocations of auctionable permits will lose some of the ability to do so.
Another Step Towards Equilibrium Offers in Unit Commitment Auctions with Nonconvex Costs: Multi-Firm Oligopolies
Authors: Duggan Joseph E. , Sioshansi Ramteen
Published: September 2019

There are two uniform-price-auction formats—centrally and self-committed— that are used commonly in wholesale electricity markets. Both formats are operated by an independent third-party market operator, which solicits supply offers from generators and determines how much energy they produce to serve customer demand. In centrally committed markets, generators submit complex offers that convey all of their non-convex operating costs and constraints. Conversely, generators submit simple offers in self-committed markets that specify only the price at which they are willing to supply energy. Thus, generators must internalize their non-convex costs and other operating constraints in submitting offers in a self-committed market. Centrally committed markets include also a provision that each generator is made whole on the basis of its submitted offers. No such guarantees exist in self-committed markets. This paper builds on the work of Sioshansi and Nicholson (2011) and studies the energy-cost ranking and incentive properties of the two market designs in a multifirm oligopoly setting. We derive Nash equilibria under both market designs. We find that equilibrium offer behavior across the two market designs is qualitatively similar to the duopoly model when demand is high. However, when demand is low, cost equivalence between the two market designs breaks down. This is because inframarginal generators are able to earn positive profits in certain states of low demand in self-committed markets, whereas all generators are constrained to earn zero profits in low-demand states in the centrally-committed market design.
Opinion text: an integrated pathway of writing and the perceptions of students
Authors: Sebastião Isabel
Published: September 2019

This article presents an exploratory study that focuses on the writing process through the creation of a didactic project which aims to understand how students deal with the specific learning of an opinion text. The aim is to i) present a pathway of writing involving practices for teaching and learning about opinion texts, ii) analyse the students’ perceptions about writing activities, and iii) present the students’ views on the learning carried out. Regarding the methodological aspects, the writing method presented herein was implemented in a regular 9th year class (31 students), focusing on the linguistic, textual and discursive characteristics of the opinion text. Following the didactic activity, we interviewed the students as we needed to understand their views on the didactic method as expressed in their comments. The results of the interview analysis gives us an indication that the views of students on the didactic activity are positive and that they became aware of their own difficulties and improvements as a result of the skills developed in argumentative writing.
Penghitungan Biaya Satuan pada Instalasi Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit X Jambi menggunakan Metode Step Down
Authors: Wulan Susilo , Surya Direja Ade Herman , Reflisiani Dian
Published: September 2019

Abstrak Tanggung jawab Rumah sakit adalah memberikan pelayanan yang berkualitas dan terjangkau bagi masyarakat, sehingga penentuan tarif dengan perhitungan biaya aktual sangat diperlukan sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan yang lebih presisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung biaya satuan dan analisis perbandingan biaya antar unit di instalasi rawat jalan menggunakan metode step down. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari partial economic evalution yaitu hanya memotret deskripsi biaya dari suatu objek (cost object) tanpa membandingkan luaran layanan dari unit yang di analisis. Tahapan analisis data meliputi identifikasi sumber dari pusat biaya dengan menentukan final cost, intermediate cost dan indirect cost, tahap kedua yaitu mengidentifikasi dan menghitung biaya investasi, biaya operasional dan biaya pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menujukkan biaya satuan tertinggi terdapat di poli gigi dan mulut sebesar Rp 621.100,99 /kunjungan sedangkan biaya satuan terendah di poli penyakit dalam yaitu sebesar Rp 214.307,51/kunjungan. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan dalam perubahan ataupun penyesuaian tarif layanan dan menjadikan bahan evaluasi pada poli rawat jalan agar lebih efisien dalam pengelolaanya. Abstract Hospital has a responsibility to provide quality and affordable health care to the community. Therefore, determining tariffs by calcu­lating the actual cost is very important, especially for internal stakeholders in undergoing cost analysis, performance evaluation and decision making, including tariff negotiation with external stakeholders. This research objective is to calculate unit costs and compar­atively analyzing costs between units in an outpatient installation using the step-down method. This research used a partial economic evaluation which only portrays the description of cost object without comparing the output from the analyzed unit. The stages of data analysis include identifying the resource of cost center by firstly determining the final cost, intermediate cost and indirect cost, the second stage is identifying and calculating investment cost, operational cost, and maintenance costs, the third stage is determining the allocation basis, and the fourth stage is calculating the total cost. The highest unit cost occurs in dental poly at Rp.621.100,99/visit, while the lowest unit cost is in internal medicine which is Rp.241.307,51/visit. It is hoped that the results of this study can be taken into consideration in the changes made by service rates and making evaluation materials on outpatient care so that they are more efficient in their management.
Perhitungan Biaya Satuan Pada Tindakan Intensive Unit Care di Rumah Sakit X di Jember Melalui Metode Activity Based Costing (ABC)
Authors: Witcahyo Eri
Published: September 2019

Abstrak Rumah sakit X di Jember merupakan salah satu rumah sakit pemerintah dengan status C. Di Era JKN, skema pembayaran di rumah sakit menggunakan paket tarif INA CBG’s. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, rumah sakit dapat menghasilkan profit namun di sisi lain bisa pula mendapatkan kerugian, oleh karena itu pelayanan kesehatan yang efisien sangat dibutuhkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi produk pelayanan dan menghitung biaya satuan produk pelayanan di Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Rumah Sakit X. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah ICU di rumah sakit X di Jember. Metode perhitungan biaya satuan yang digunakan adalah Activity Based Costing. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan di ICU terdapat 21 produk pelayanan dengan biaya satuan yang beragam. Biaya satuan tertinggi sebesar Rp. 176,954, - (resusitasi jantung paru), dan terendah sebesar Rp. 27,061, - (injeksi intravena) dan rata-rata sebesar Rp. 75,959, -. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa biaya satuan sangat dipengaruhi oleh sumberdaya yang digunakan, semakin efisien sumberdaya yang digunakan maka semakin kecil biaya satuan yang dihasilkan, sehingga apabila dibandingkan dengan tarif paket INA CBG’s akan mampu menghasilkan keuntungan atau surplus bagi rumah sakit. Abstract Hospital X in Jember is one of the government hospitals with C type status. In National Health Insurance (JKN) era, the payment scheme in hospital by using the INA CBG’s tariff package. Hospital could have profit or even loss, therefore health services effiency was needed. The objective of study was to identify service product and calculate of service product unit cost at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Hospital X in Jember. The type of this research was observational descriptive with cross sectional approach. The unit of analysis was ICU at Hospital X in Jember. The unit cost calculation method is using Acivity Based Costing. The result of the study shown that there were 21 service products that have various unit costs. The highest was Rp. 176,954, - (cardiac pulmonary resuscitation), the lowest was Rp. 27,061,- (intravena injection) and an average of Rp. 75,959, -. The conclusion shown that unit cost was strongly influenced by the resources used, the more efficient resources used for effective services, the smaller unit cost could get. Compared to INA CBG’s package tariff it will be able to create profit surplus for hospital.
Determinan Cakupan Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap pada Penerima Program Keluarga Harapan
Authors: Sari Wulan , Nadjib Mardiati
Published: September 2019

Abstrak Kemiskinan merupakan permasalahan sosial bersifat multidimensi dan berhubungan dengan permasalahan kesehatan, pendidikan dan kesejahteraan sosial lainnya. Cakupan Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap (IDL) secara nasional mencapai 57,9%, 32,9% tidak lengkap dan sebanyak 9,2% tidak diimunisasi, sementara indikator cakupan secara nasional minimal 90% Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan apakah yang mempengaruhi cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap pada bayi penerima Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian berada di 34 provinsi. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 9.205 responden dengan menggunakan data sekunder Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan capaian imunisasi dasar lengkap sebesar 97,34% dan 2,66% tidak lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variebel umur dan status perkawinan berhubungan positif serta berpengaruh secara signifikan, Variabel pendidikan dan pekerjaan berhubungan secara signifikan namun berhubungan negatif dalam cakupan imunisasi dasar. PKH telah memberikan kesempatan dan akses kepada rumah tangga miskin untuk melaksanakan program imunisasi dasar lengkap. Oleh karena itu diperlukannya penguatan supervisi terhadap ibu muda, ibu dengan status cerai, serta ibu yang bekerja guna meningkatkan pengetahuan, membangun kesadaran, menjaga serta memperkuat perubahan perilaku terkait, pengasuhan dan kesehatan untuk meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi dasar pada bayi. Abstract Poverty is a multidimensional social problem and related to the problems of health, education and other social welfare. National Basic Immunization Coverage (IDL) reached 57.9%, with 32.9% was incomplete and 9.2% were not immunized, while national coverage indicators were at least 90%. This study aims to determine the determinants that affects basic complete immunization coverage for babies receiving the Family Hope Program (PKH). The study design used was cross sectional. The research was located in 34 provinces. The total population is 9,205 respondents using secondary data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) in 2017. The research shows that the achievement of complete basic immunization is 97.34% and 2.66% is incomplete. The results shows that age and marital status are positively related and significantly influence the basic immunization coverage, while education and employment variables are significantly associated but negatively related to basic immunization coverage. PKH has provided opportunities and access to poor households in implementing a complete basic immunization program. So it is necessary to intensify the supervision of young mothers, divorced mothers and working mothers to boost knowledge, build awareness, maintain and strengthen related behav­ioral changes, health and care to increase the coverage of basic immunization in infants.
Cell‐Tailored Multi‐Chamber Cd5(PO4)3Cl/CdO Mesocrystals Hetero‐Superstructure Toward Promoting Charge Transfer for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Song Penghui , Zhang Tianqi , Chang Yi , Ma Guanglei , Tang Lingxue , Yu Heng , Ren Xueqing , Bai Zhengyu , Guo Yuming , Ma Xiaoming
Published: December 2024

Elaborate mesocrystal superstructures assembled by nanocrystals enable the photocatalysts to effectively transfer photo‐generated charges over long‐distance. Especially, the hetero superstructure can facilely adjust the bandgaps to promote the separation of electron–hole pairs and enhance photocatalytic activity. Herein, a unique bio‐derived mesocrystal superstructures with multi‐chamber network is developed tactfully using the yeast cells with multi‐ascopore as templates obtained by sexual reproduction way. Specifically, the natural phosphorus and oxygen species derived from the yeast are tactfully exploited during the synthetic process of Cd5(PO4)3Cl/CdO hetero‐superstructure. The transient surface photovoltage and the time‐resolved transient photoluminescence (PL) result indicate that the well‐defined orientation of the mesocrystal contributes to enhancing photogenerated carriers transfer efficiency and reducing the recombination of electron–hole pairs. The hetero‐superstructures exhibit an excellent solar H2 releasing activity (18.71 mmol·g−1·h−1) and a high quantum yield of 28.27% at wavelength of 380 nm. The design of hetero‐superstructure with multi‐chamber by means of the inner interlaced network and microelements of the organisms introduces a new clue to construct functional materials with hierarchical structures for solar fuel conversion.
Synergistic Multimodal Energy Dissipation Enhances Certified Efficiency of Flexible Organic Photovoltaics beyond 19%
Authors: Li Haojie , Le Jinglin , Tan Hao , Hu Lin , Li Xin , Zhang Kai , Zeng Shumin , Liu Qianjin , Zhang Meng , Shi Linfeng , Cai Zheren , Liu Siqi , Li Hongxiang , Ye Long , Hu Xiaotian , Chen Yiwang
Published: December 2024

All‐polymer organic solar cells (OSCs) have shown unparalleled application potential in the field of flexible wearable electronics in recent years due to the excellent mechanical and photovoltaic properties. However, the small molecule acceptors after polymerization in still retain some mechanical and aggregation properties of the small molecule, falling short of the ductility requirements for flexible devices. Here, based on the multimodal energy dissipation theory, the mechanical and photovoltaic properties of flexible devices are co‐enhanced by adding the thermoplastic elastomer material (polyurethane, PU) to the PM6:PBQx‐TF:PY‐IT‐based active layer films. The construction of multi‐fiber network structure and the decrease of films’ residual stresses contribute to the enhancement of carrier transport properties and the decrease of defect state density. Eventually, the PCE (power conversion efficiency) of 19.40% is achieved on the flexible devices with an effective area of 0.102 cm2, and the third‐party certified PCE reaches 19.07%, which is the highest PCE for flexible OSCs currently available. To further validate the potential of this strategy for large‐area module applications, the 25‐cm2‐based flexible and super‐flexible modules are prepared with the PCEs of 15.48% and 14.61%, respectively, and demonstration applications are implemented.
High‐Performance Green and Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by CdZnSe/ZnS Core/Shell Colloidal Quantum Wells
Authors: Zhu Yunke , Lu Xiuyuan , Qiu Jingjing , Bai Peng , Hu An , Yao Yige , Liu Qinyun , Li Yang , Yu Wenjin , Li Yaolong , Jin Wangxiao , Zhu Xitong , Deng Yunzhou , Liu Zhetong , Gao Peng , Zhao XiaoFei , Zhu Youqin , Zhou Li , Jin Yizheng , Gao Yunan
Published: December 2024

The unique anisotropic properties of colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) make them highly promising as components in nanocrystal‐based devices. However, the limited performance of green and blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on CQWs has impeded their practical applications. In this study, alloy CdZnSe core CQWs with precise compositions are tailored via direct cation exchange (CE) from CdSe CQWs with specific size, shape, and crystal structure and utilized hot‐injection shell (HIS) growth to synthesize CdZnSe/ZnS core/shell CQWs exhibiting exceptional optoelectronic characteristics. This approach enabled the successful fabrication green and blue LEDs manifesting superior performance compared to previously reported solution‐processed CQW‐LEDs. The devices demonstrated a remarkable peak external quantum efficiency (20.4% for green and 10.6% for blue), accompanied by a maximum brightness 347,683 cd m−2 for green and 38,063 cd m−2 for blue. The high‐performance represents a significant advancement for nanocrystal‐based light‐emitting diodes (Nc‐LEDs) incorporating anisotropic nanocrystals. This work provides a comprehensive synthesis strategy for enhancing the efficiency of Nc‐LEDs utilizing anisotropic nanocrystals.
Localized COUP‐TFII pDNA Delivery Modulates Stem/Progenitor Cell Differentiation to Enhance Endothelialization and Inhibit Calcification of Decellularized Allografts
Authors: Xing Mengmeng , Wang Fei , Chu Ruowen , Wang He , Sun Yuyao , Qian Meng , Jiang Huan , Midgley Adam C. , Dai Guohao , Zhao Qiang
Published: December 2024

Decellularized allografts have emerged as promising candidates for vascular bypass grafting, owing to their inherent bioactivity and minimal immunogenicity. However, graft failure that results from suboptimal regeneration and pathological remodeling has hindered their clinical adoption. Recent advances in vascular biology highlight the pivotal role of COUP‐TFII in orchestrating endothelial identity, angiogenesis, safeguarding against atherosclerosis, and mitigating vascular calcification. Here, plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding COUP‐TFII is incorporated into decellularized allografts to realize localized delivery. Comprehensive in vitro investigation complemented by a bone marrow transplantation model on genetic‐lineage‐tracing mouse revealed the underlying mechanisms of COUP‐TFII in regulating vascular regeneration and remodeling. COUP‐TFII augmented endothelialization and inhibited calcification in decellularized allografts by modulating the Ang1/Tie2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway that dictates the fate of Sca‐1+ stem/progenitor cells. Heparin‐polyethyleneimine nanoparticles (HEPI) are prepared as COUP‐TFII pDNA nanocarriers (COUP‐TFII@HPEI) and used to modify decellularized allografts, achieving long‐term and stable overexpression of COUP‐TFII. Functionalized grafts are evaluated in rat abdominal artery replacement models, demonstrating enhanced neo‐artery regeneration without calcification. The study provides an effective strategy to enhance the applicability of decellularized allograft and illustrates their translational prospects for vascular bypass grafting.
Resensitizing β‐Lactams by Reprogramming Purine Metabolism in Small Colony Variant for Osteomyelitis Treatment
Authors: Shi Tingwang , Wu Qiong , Ruan Zesong , Luo Zhiyuan , Wang Wenbo , Guo Zhao , Ma Yihong , Wang Xin , Chu Guangyu , Lin Han , Ge Min , Chen Yunfeng
Published: December 2024

Small colony variant (SCV) is strongly linked to antibiotic resistance and the persistence of osteomyelitis. However, the intrinsic phenotypic instability of SCV has hindered a thorough investigation of its pathogenic mechanisms. In this study, phenotypically stable SCV strains are successfully recovered from clinical specimens, characterized by elevated drug resistance and reduced immunogenicity. Multi‐omics analysis revealed that the acquired high drug resistance is associated with altered flux in the purine metabolism pathway, attributable to mutations in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (hpt) gene. Furthermore, this study innovatively discovered that lonidamine, an inhibitor of cellular energy metabolism, can effectively mitigate SCV resistance to β‐lactam antibiotics, thereby facilitating its eradication. The underlying mechanism involves the reprogramming of purine metabolism. Therefore, a co‐delivery system for lonidamine and oxacillin is constructed with amino‐modified dendritic mesoporous silica as a carrier, which showed high efficacy and safety in combating SCV both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Overall, this study elucidated the pathogenic mechanisms of a class of clinically isolated SCV isolates with hpt mutations and provided a paradigm for treating SCV‐associated osteomyelitis by reprogramming purine metabolism.
A Lipiodol Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Iron‐Doped Carbon Nanozymes for Liver Transarterial Chemoembolization
Authors: Xia Xiancheng , Li Yang , Huang Rongkang , Wang Yuanbin , Xiong Wenxuan , Zhou Hui , Li Min , Lin Xidong , Tang Youchen , Zhang Bo
Published: December 2024

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) utilizing a water‐in‐oil lipiodol emulsion is a preferable therapeutic strategy for advanced liver cancer in clinical practice. However, the low stability of the lipiodol emulsion and poor efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug seriously undermine the efficiency of TACE. Herein, a novel lobaplatin‐loaded lipiodol emulsion (denoted as ICN‐LPE) is developed by constructing a lipiodol Pickering emulsion (LPE) stabilized with iron‐doped carbon nanozymes (ICN) to mitigate the issue of lipiodol‐water separation. This novel emulsion not only solves the instability of conventional lipiodol emulsions, but also facilitates the sustained release of lobaplatin. More importantly, upon entry into tumor cells, ICN catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species via the Fenton‐like reaction while simultaneously consuming intracellular glutathione, thereby inducing tumor cell death via chemodynamic therapy. By integrating chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy, ICN‐LPE demonstrates a synergistic antitumor effect and effectively inhibits tumor growth in a rabbit liver tumor model. Therefore, our ICN‐LPE shows an appealing clinical application prospect for TACE.
Rolled Soft Actuators Based on P(VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE) Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Pan Jiahao , D’Anniballe Riccardo , Carloni Raffaella
Published: December 2024

This study presents a novel rolled dielectric elastomer actuator, based on Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene‐chlorotrifluoroethylene), i.e., P(VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE), nanofibers that are fabricated by means of an electrospinning process. The soft actuator is realized by rolling a mat of two active layers, interleaved with two electrodes. The active layers are mats of P(VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE)‐based nanofibers, embedded in an elastomeric matrix of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The electrodes are made of a mixture of carbon black and PDMS, bonded to the active layers by electrostatic adhesion force. The effects of the nanofibers in the soft actuators are investigated. Specimens of the soft actuator are realized that differ in the thickness of the nanofibrous mats used for the active layers, that is, 60 and 120 μm. An electromechanical characterization is performed to analyze and measure the axial force and axial displacements of the soft actuators when different electric fields are applied to the specimens in the transversal direction. The experimental results show that the presence of P(VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE)‐based nanofibers enhances the force‐to‐weight ratio of the soft actuators by up to 43.5%, and the energy density by up to 12.9%, compared to a control specimen with the active layer made of PDMS only.
Spontaneous Emergence of Lipid Vesicles in a Coacervate‐Based Compartmentalized System
Authors: Yin Chengying , Yu Xinran , Wu Baohu , Tian Liangfei
Published: December 2024

The spontaneous emergence of lipid vesicles in the absence of evolved biological machinery represents a major challenge for bottom‐up synthetic biology. We show that coacervate microdroplets could create a compartmentalized environment that enriches lipid molecules and facilitates their spontaneous assembly into lipid vesicles. These vesicles can escape from the coacervate microdroplets in a continuous process under non‐equilibrium conditions, resembling a constant production process akin to a “primitive enzyme” factory assembly line. These findings significantly extend our understanding of the intricate interaction between lipid molecules and coacervate microdroplets, shedding light on the emergence of cellular systems and offering a new perspective on the conditions necessary for the development of life on Earth.
A BOIMPY Dye Enables Multi‐Photoinduced Electron Transfer Catalysis: Reaching Super‐Reducing Properties
Authors: Biswas Amit , Kolb Simon , Röttger Sebastian H. , Das Arpan , Patalag Lukas J. , Dey Partha P. , Sil Swagata , Maji Subir , Chakraborty Soumi , Wenger Oliver S. , Bhunia Anup , Werz Daniel B. , Mandal Swadhin K.
Published: December 2024

An established concept to create radical intermediates is photoexcitation of a catalyst to a higher energy intermediate, subsequently leading to a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) with a reaction partner. The known concept of consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (con‐PET) leads to catalytically active species even higher in energy by the uptake of two photons. Generally speaking, increased photon uptake leads to a more potent reductant. Here, we report the concept of multi‐photoinduced electron transfer catalysis (>2 photons), termed multi‐PET, which is enabled by photoinduced one‐electron reductions of an organic dye. Further irradiation of the doubly reduced species leads to a photoexcited dianionic super‐reductant, which is more potent than Li metal – one of the strongest chemical reductants known. This multi‐photon process which is enabled by 390 nm LEDs allows the cleavage of strong carbon‐fluorine bonds and reduction of other halides even in very electron‐rich substrates. The resulting radicals are quenched by hydrogen atoms or engaged in carbon‐carbon and carbon‐phosphorus bond formations, highlighting the utility of multi‐PET for organic chemistry. In addition, multi‐PET enabled Birch‐type reductions. Spectroscopic, chemical and computational investigations are presented to gain mechanistic insights.
Metal‐Bridging Cyclic Bilatriene Analogue Affords Stable π‐Radicaloid Dyes with Near‐Infrared II Absorption
Authors: Ghosh Aninda , Mori Shigeki , Ide Yuki , Song Jun Tae , Yamaoka Yoshihisa , Ishihara Tatsumi , Ikeue Takahisa , Furuta Hiroyuki , Ishida Masatoshi
Published: December 2024

Stable neutral metal radicaloid complexes have been synthesized from a modified tetrapyrrolic pigment, bilatriene, with iridium(I) and rhodium(I) cyclooctadiene (COD) synthons. The bilatriene skeleton contains α‐linked conjugated pyrrole units, whereas an N‐confused analogue used in this work possesses β‐linked pyrrole moieties at the terminal, demonstrating a unique metal binding capability. Unprecedentedly, the metal‐COD cations are accommodated at the outer nitrogen sites, which induced the formation of open‐shell metal‐radicaloid species. The resulting compounds are highly stable under ambient conditions and demonstrated facile redox conversion to afford the corresponding cation and anion species. Furthermore, the radicaloid complexes showed a distinct second near‐infrared absorption (NIR‐II) capability extending up to 1500 nm along with high photostability. These features emphasized that the complexes can be potential NIR‐II light‐responsible photothermal and photoacoustic imaging contrast agents based on the metal‐radicaloid dye platform.
Polystyrene‐MOF‐Derived 3D Hierarchical Porous Carbon for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Kumar Pathak Prakash , Bansal Neetu , Ahamad Tansir , Park Changyong , Ahn Heejoon , Salunkhe Rahul R.
Published: December 2024

The ability to tailor surface area, porosity, and morphologies has driven extensive research into the synthesis of metal‐organic frameworks derived carbons and their applications in energy storage. This study presents the development of three‐dimensional hierarchically porous carbon derived from polystyrene and small‐sized zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) particles. Incorporating nanometer‐sized ZIF‐8 particles forms a core‐shell structure in the pre‐carbonization stage, transforming into a porous carbon material with a range of pores from micro to macropores after carbonization. The carbonized material's electrode demonstrates a high capacitance of 428.8 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1 in the three‐electrode setup and a very high specific energy of 48.75 Wh kg−1 at 50 mA g−1 in the packed flat cell configuration. This exceptional electrochemical performance is attributed to the composite carbon material's high surface area, well‐developed pore structure, and self‐doped nitrogen content.
Combination of Phenylsilsesquioxane and Acetate Ligands as an Approach to a Record High Nuclear Cu13Na2‐Cage. Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Bilyachenko Alexey N. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Huang Zhibin , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Shubina Elena S. , Lobanov Nikolai N. , Wang Zhi , Ragimov Karim , Reis Conceição Nuno , Mahmoud Abdallah G. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: December 2024

Self‐assembly synthesis of mixed‐ligand (silsesquioxane/acetate) complex allows to isolate record high nuclear copper(II) Cu13‐cage (1). In the presence of two additional sodium ions, a unique molecular architecture, with triple combination of ligands (cyclic and acyclic silsesquioxanes as well as acetates), has been formed. The structure was established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction based on the use of synchrotron radiation. Complex 1 was evaluated as precatalyst in the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone towards ϵ‐caprolactone, employing hydrogen peroxide, tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) or m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) as oxidants, in an aqueous acidic acetonitrile medium. The direct formation of the lactone from cyclohexane via a tandem peroxidative oxidation/Baeyer–Villiger oxidation was also studied. For both substrates, the best results (ϵ‐caprolactone yields up to 100 % or 26 %, from cyclohexanone or cyclohexane, respectively) were achieved with mCPBA under considerably mild conditions, i. e., conventional heating at 50 °C for 4 h or microwave (MW) irradiation at 80 °C for only 30 minutes.
Hydroxamate‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Sugamata Koh
Published: December 2024

This mini‐review focuses on recent developments in hydroxamate‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which exhibit unique structures and properties distinct from those of carboxylate‐based MOFs. Hydroxamates (RCONHO−) form MOFs with novel structural motifs and functionalities. In this review, synthetic strategies, structural characteristics, and functional applications of key examples of hydroxamate‐based MOFs are described, providing insights into the influence of the hydroxamate ligand on the MOF properties compared to that of the carboxylate‐based analogues.
General Acetal‐Protected Aldehyde Strategy for Facile Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks with Splendid Crystallinity and Uniform Morphology
Authors: Song Wen , Ren Xitong , Bai Feng , Tian Yajie , Li Yusen
Published: December 2024

Crystallinity and morphology are critical factors that closely related to the properties and applications of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). However, the controlled synthesis of COFs with both high crystallinity and uniform morphology remains a significant challenge due to uncontrollable polymerization and complex reaction conditions. In this work, we present a general acetal‐protected aldehyde protocol for the facile synthesis of imine‐linked COFs, which enables the simultaneous optimization of crystallinity and morphology. Of the acetal‐protected aldehydes explored, ethanediol‐protected terephthalaldehyde (Tp‐E) emerged as the most effective, balancing stability and reactivity to yield highly crystalline Py‐COF‐E with a well‐defined hollow spherical morphology and a significantly enhanced BET surface area compared to its aldehyde‐based counterpart Py‐COF. This synthetic approach demonstrates broad adaptability across various framework topologies, precursor species, and synthetic solvent systems, simplifying the typically laborious solvent screening process in COF synthesis. Furthermore, Py‐DBT‐COF‐E showed superior photocatalytic H2 evolution performance relative to Py‐DBT‐COF, despite their identical chemical compositions, emphasizing the critical role of crystallinity and morphology in determining functional performance. Overall, this study provides a versatile methodology for the controlled synthesis of COFs and offers valuable insights into the interconnected roles of morphology, crystallinity, and material performance.
A pilot study of the value of micronucleus count in urinary cytology samples in the follow‐up of patients with urothelial carcinoma: Implications for diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Kökenek Ünal Tuba Dilay , Aksoy Altınboğa Ayşegül
Published: December 2024

Background

Nuclear protrusions such as micronuclei (MNs) and nuclear budding (NB) are morphological findings of chromosomal instability and indicators of genotoxic damage. They are increased in malignancies, and their high frequency may be used in the diagnosis of cancers and the follow‐up of patients. Urothelial carcinomas are common tumors that cause morbidity and mortality, and cytology is a commonly used method for the monitoring and screening of urothelial carcinoma. Although the cytological evaluation of urinary samples is mainly based on nuclear features, there is limited research focusing on MN frequency in urinary cytology. This study aimed to investigate MN and NB counts in various diagnostic categories of urinary samples.

Methods

This study included 117 urinary cytology samples categorized according to The Paris System for Reporting of Urinary Cytology. Two observers, blinded to the diagnosis, counted the frequency of MNs and NB per 1000 cells on May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa– and Papanicolaou‐stained slides.

Results

MN and NB counts significantly differed among the groups (p < .001 for each) with a large effect (Ɛ2 = 0.509). MN and NB counts were significantly higher in cases with high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) than in control cases and in cases that were negative for HGUC or with atypical urothelial cells (p < .001 for each). Any MN count greater than 2.5 per 1000 cells indicated HGUC with a 55% sensitivity and 92.4% specificity.

Conclusions

Because increased MN and NB frequencies are closely associated with an increased risk of malignancy, these could be integrated into The Paris System for Reporting of Urinary Cytology.