bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUMAN INFECTIONS DUE TO TRICHOPHYTON EQUINUM VAR. AUTOTROPHICUM IN VICTORIA
Authors: Maslen Mary , Thompson P. G.
Published: June 2007

Two cases of human ringworm caused by the dermatophyte Trichophyton equinum var. autotrophicum are reported from victoria. This fungus has been recorded as a cause of ringworm in horses in Australia but infections in man are rare and this is the first report giving details of human infections in Australia. In one of these cases the fungus was also isolated from the patient's horse. Treatment with econazole nitrate was successful in this case.
CAMOUFLAGE THERAPY
Authors: Downie Monica
Published: June 2007

Summary

A study was undertaken using the camouflage cosmetics available in Australia. Three camouflage cosmetics were compared in a variety of skin conditions. It was found Dermacolor was preferred to Covermark and Keromask. So far, a similar study has not been done.
THE MALIGNANT POTENTIAL OF PAPILLOMAVIRUS *
Authors: Dyall‐Smith Delwyn , Varigos George
Published: June 2007

Papillomaviruses are double‐stranded DNA viruses which can be classified into groups, types and subtypes on the basis of DNA cross‐hybridisation and restriction endonuclease patterns. In the majority of cases they produce a benign epithelial proliferation. However, restricted types can be associated with malignant transformation. Persistent papillomas in rabbits and oesophageal papillomas in immunosuppressed cattle develop into carcinomas. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cervical and laryngeal carcinomas. Immunosuppressed patients and those suffering from the rare autosomal recessive disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis have an increased incidence of papillomas andsquamous cell carcinomas (SCC) on sun‐exposed areas. The DNA of HPV types 5, 8 and 14 can be found in these SCC and in their rare metastases. Generally the SCC can be related to a previous wart and occur on sun‐exposed areas. The mechanism of tumour induction is not clear. There is no evidence for cell transformation by integration of a viral promoter in front of a cellular oncogene. The viral DNA remains extrachromosomal without major deletions or insertions. Viral papillomas undergoing malignant transformation on the skin require the addition of ultraviolet light for successful transformation. UVB is known to disrupt DNA, impair Langerhans cell number and function and, in mice, induce a subset of suppressor T cells which enhance the occurrence of cutaneous malignancy. This suggests a viral mutation and/or local immunosuppression in the transformation mechanism. Research on papillomavirus is greatly hindered by the inability to culture virions. This is probably related to difficulty producing fully differentiated keratinocytes in culture as well as the prolonged incubation period of the virus.
RECURRING DIGITAL FIBROMAS OF INFANCY *
Authors: Ryman William , Bale Patricia
Published: June 2007

Recurring digital fibromas are distinguished by their occurrence in infants, their almost exclusive predilection for the fingers and toes, their tendency to recur and their characteristic inclusion bodies.

At the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children (RAHC) thirty cases were seen in thirty‐six years. The patients were twenty females and ten males, aged 0–7 years, including two with congenital lesions. The fingers and toes were equally affected, and one unusual case involved the side of the hand. Multiple lesions occurred in 50% of patients, more often on the fingers, especially on adjacent fingers (six cases) and two patients had bilateral lesions. Although some lesions had infiltrated down to the periosteum, no metastases occurred in our series, or in the cases in the literature. As growth rate may be alarming, some of these tumours have been treated aggressively, but evidence suggests that a conservative approach should be followed.
EOSINOPHILIC PUSTULAR FOLLICULITIS: A CASE REPORT FROM SINGAPORE
Authors: Lim K. B. , Giam Y. C. , Ong B. H. , Tan Tulip
Published: June 2007

A case of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis is presented. This case, which shows a normal eosinophil count and an infiltrate of polymorphs as well as eosinophils invading the entire follicular epithelium, represents the first observation of this rare dermatosis in Singapore.
PHOTOSENSITIVITY TO MUSK AMBRETTE
Authors: Goh C. L. , Tham S. N.
Published: June 2007

Musk ambrette is the most common known photosensitiser in Singapore. Twelve patients with photosensitivity to musk ambrette were studied and we observed that the majority of the patients belonged to the older age group (over 35 years of age). Their presentation was characteristic and 33 % were sensitive to this fragrance without UVL. Five patients remained photosensitive despite avoidance of this perfumed preparation, indicating the possibility of unidentified sources of musk ambrette in the environment.
CUTANEOUS SIDE‐EFFECTS OF BETA‐ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS
Authors: Richards Shawn
Published: June 2007

The beta‐adrenergic blockers are a commonly used group of drugs. Cutaneous reactions are uncommon but may be serious. The eruption may start several months or even years after commencement of treatment. The pathogenesis remains uncertain, but may be due to modulation of cAMP levels in both the epidermis and lymphocytes.
CLINICAL FEATURES OF MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS INFECTION
Authors: Hayman John
Published: June 2007

Mycobacterium ulcerans infection was first reported in patients from the Bairnsdale district in Victoria in 1937, although ulcers probably due to this organism have been described in Africa since the last century. Characteristically the disease occurs in patients resident in defined areas, and such areas have been identified in many countries throughout the world. In Victoria cases have occurred recently in patients living some distance from Bairnsdale, and there appears to have been some extension of the endemic area. At the same time cases have occurred in koalas, but there appears to be no direct transmission between the koala and human cases.

The characteristic clinical features of the disease in humans are described and illustrated. In recent Victorian cases the incidence appears to be seasonal, cases appearing in late autumn and winter months. Skin testing with the test reagent Burulin may be of value when diagnostic histological or microbiological material is lacking.
CASE REPORT: TROUSER DERMATITIS
Authors: Apted J. H.
Published: June 2007

Trouser dermatitis presenting as a generalised erythroderma is an uncommon event. Such a case is described and patch tests suggested that there was a sensitivity to disperse dyes.
GIANT PIGMENTED NAEVUS: THE FREQUENCY OF MALIGNANT CHANGE AND INDICATIONS FOR TREATMENT IN PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN
Authors: Keipert James A.
Published: June 2007

The chance of malignancy developing in a giant pigmented naevus is often regarded as sufficiently high to justify prophylactic removal of all giant pigmented naevi as soon as possible, but most of the reports from which these figures are derived appear biased because of selection of patients.

Because malignant melanoma seemed extremely rare in the Australian prepubertal child, attempts were made to document its frequency. Despite difficulty in obtaining complete figures, sufficient information was obtained to confirm the extreme rarity of malignant melanoma in general and especially arising in a giant pigmented naevus before puberty. It is therefore suggested that there is no general indication for prophylactic removal of giant pigmented naevi in Australian prepubertal children. Indications for removal on cosmetic grounds are discussed. It is speculated whether these conclusions might apply in other countries.
FIXED DRUG ERYTHEMA DUE TO TWO UNRELATED DRUGS
Authors: Pandhi R. K. , Kumar A. S.
Published: June 2007

Fixed drug erythema due to two unrelated drugs is reported. The eruptions consisted of intense erythematous patches at different sites, without resulting pigmentation. The causative drugs were tetracycline and chloramphenicol resulting in multiple erythematous eruptions at different sites, as proven by provocation tests.
APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN EPIDERMIS: A POSTMORTEM STUDY BY LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY*
Authors: Lovas John G. L.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Samples of clinically normal skin from a sun‐protected site were obtained from 106 autopsy eases. For the first time epithelial apoptosis was documented in postmortem skin, and illustrated using light and electron micrographs. The epidermis was otherwise normal clinically and histologically. A close morphological similarity was observed between these apoptotic keratinocytes and examples of individual epithelial cell death previously described in lichen planus and certain other dermatoses.
EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT IN A COMMERCIAL SOLARIUM ON LANGERHANS CELLS AND MELANOCYTES IN HUMAN EPIDERMIS
Authors: Scheibner A. , Hollis D. E. , McCarthy W. H. , Milton G. W.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Nine subjects of Celtic and mixed European descent were exposed to small (1/2 hour) doses of ultraviolet light (UVL) on 10 consecutive days in a commercial solarium to determine the effects of UVL on epidermal melanocytes and immunocompetent Langerhans cells (LCs). Tanned and non‐tanned subjects were studied to determine whether pigmentation from melanocytes provided the LCs with any protection against these UVL effects. A transient reduction in the number of LCs occurred in response to UVL exposure, returning to near pre‐exposure levels two weeks after cessation of the solarium course. The tan which developed or deepened following the UVL exposure appeared to provide little or no protection against this reduction, regardless of whether the subjects were lightly tanned or untanned prior to the solarium course. Even though the number of subjects examined was small these results indicate that exposure to solarium UVL irradiation, even in small doses, may adversely affect the skin immune system and therefore is not recommended as a safe means of acquiring a tan.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF ORAL MUCOSAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
Authors: Rogers Roy S. , Van Hale Harriet M.
Published: June 2007

Summary

We have studied 734 oral mucosal biopsy specimens by the direct immunofluorescence technique in our laboratory at Mayo Clinic over the past 11 1/2 years. The sensitivity of this test was 92% in oral pemphigus, 78% in oral pemphigoid, and 100% in oral lupus erythematosus. The predictive value of a positive test for these diseases was 87%, 88%, and 58%, respectively. For oral lichen planus, sensitivity was poor (37%) but the predictive value of a positive test was good (79%). This paper presents suggestions for use of this test in oral mucosal inflammatory diseases.
RECURRENT MELANOCYTIC NAEVI FOLLOWING PARTIAL REMOVAL (PSEUDOMELANOMA)
Authors: Dymock Robert B. , Menz Jennifer
Published: June 2007

Summary

Regrowth of a benign melanocytic naevus at the dermo‐epidermal junction following inadequate excision has been shown to produce cellular atypia resembling a dysplastic naevus or a superficial spreading melanoma. The term “pseudomelanoma” has been used to identify this process, as the lesion behaves in a benign fashion. In this case naevi of this type recurred in a split skin donor site. The graft was required to repair the defect following excision of a true melanoma which subsequently developed metastases.
DERMATITIS DUE TO CHROMATE IN CEMENT PART I. CHROMATE CONTENT OF CEMENT IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Ellis Vivienne , Freeman Susanne
Published: June 2007

Summary

The concentration of chromate (soluble, sodium sulphate extractable and total) was determined in samples of Australian cement, and the effect of addition of ferrous sulphate to cement was assessed. Methods of analysis are described and the significance of chromate in cement is discussed.
SCREENING FOR HAEMATINIC DEFICIENCIES IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
Authors: Rogers Roy S. , Hutton Kathleen P.
Published: June 2007

Summary

To resolve the conflict among published reports as to the value of screening for haematinic deficiencies in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis, we evaluated 102 such patients. Venous blood was sampled for a complete blood cell count and measurements of serum iron, serum iron‐binding capacity and capacity saturation, serum folate, and serum vitamin BM. Of the 40 patients deficient In iron or folate, 6 were anaemic, 23 were deficient in iron, and 22 were deficient in folate; 5 were deficient in both iron and folate. The discriminating value of the complete blood cell count between the 62 nondeficient and 40 deficient patients was low. Among the 70 patients evaluated 6 years after entry into the study, 24 (60%) of the 40 nondeficient patients and 23 (77%) of the 30 deficient patients were in remission or improved.

The results of this study confirm the advisability of screening for haematinic deficiencies of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 and also suggest that replacement therapy in deficient patients is beneficial.
ANAPHYLAXIS FROM TOPICAL NEOMYCIN AND BACITRACIN
Authors: Goh C. L.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Topical application of a powder containing neomycin and bacitracin resulted in a systemic reaction requiring admission to hospital for treatment. This problem is uncommon, but has been reported and previous reports are summarised.
ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS TO HELICHRYSUM DIOSMIFOLIUM
Authors: McMahon Ruth , Freeman Susanne
Published: June 2007

Summary

Allergic contact dermatitis has been identified, with positive patch testing, to Helichrysum diosmifolium. Dermatitis was diffuse and severe and oral corticosteroid treatment was required. The nature and habitat of this Australian shrub is described.
MELANOMA IN THE NELSON MARLBOROUGH AREA OF NEW ZEALAND*
Authors: Hursthouse M. W.
Published: June 2007

Summary

The incidence of malignant melanoma in the Nelson‐Marlborough district of New Zealand (NZ) was surveyed for six years from October 1st, 1978, and classified according to type, sex and age of patient, site, level, whether excised by surgeon or general practitioner, and whether completely or incompletely excised at the first attempt.

Results show an incidence in Nelson women higher than reported in other surveys and an overall incidence comparable with the highest previously reported in the world literature.
SKIN METASTASIS FROM RENAL CARCINOMA PRESENTING AS AN INFLAMMATORY LESION
Authors: Jevtic Andrew P.
Published: June 2007

Summary

The following paper describes a case of silent renal tumour, presenting with a cutaneous metastasis which had the appearance of an inflammatory lesion. Biopsy of the lesion did not provide a definitive diagnosis. Although disseminated malignancy was known to be present in this patient, the actual primary site of tumour was only found at postmortem.
CRYPTOCOCCAL INFECTION SIMULATING VARICELLA
Authors: Gordon Lynette A. , Gordon David L.
Published: June 2007

Summary

A case of systemic cryptococcal infection which presented with cutaneous lesions including facial papules and vesicles was initially diagnosed as varicella. The diverse cutaneous manifestations of cryptococcosis are discussed and the need for precise microbiological diagnosis of skin lesions in immunosuppressed patients is highlighted.
RAGWEED DERMATITIS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF RAGWEED IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Watt Geoffrey C.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Ragweed has been recorded in Australia but there has been little mention of it in recent times. The plant and the clinical pattern of sensitivity are briefly described, and distribution within Australia is documented.
PROGERIA IN TWO BROTHERS
Authors: Ramesh V. , Jain Rakesh K.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Two brothers with features of Progeria (Hutchinson‐Gilford syndrome) are described. Unusual features included ainhum‐like change, and papules over the back of the neck which showed dystrophic calcification on histology.
CALCIPHYLAXIS IN A RENAL DIALYSIS PATIENT WITH SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Ramakrishna Banumathi , Pierides John , Disney Alexander P. S. , Dymock Robert B.
Published: June 2007

Summary

A fatal case of extensive skin ulceration and infarction with metastatic calcification in the cutis, subcutis, and vessels is presented in an Aboriginal woman with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroidectomy and debridement of skinulcers with grafting were performed, but the patient died of septicaemia. Heparin induced necrosis was considered in the differential diagnosis and excluded.
LASERS AND ADVANCED DERMATOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Authors: Groot Donald W. , Johnson Patricia A.
Published: June 2007

Summary

This article is an overview of some of the most recent dermatological instrumentation available to physicians. With the global shift in dermatology towards comprehensive patient care, both medically and surgically, a dermatologist must be knowledgeable of the therapeutic alternatives offered by new electronic and photoelectronic modalities and appliances. The laser, ultra‐violet point irradiator. Infrared Coagulator®, ultrasound, high voltage galvanic stimulator, and other applicances such as the Ligmajec®, pressure syringe and Evan's oral scar reduction appliance are discussed.
HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME PRESENTING WITH ERYTHRODERMA
Authors: Lee May‐Lian , Fischer Gayle , Gow Elizabeth
Published: June 2007

Summary

A patient with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting with erythroderma is reported. The literature on this syndrome is reviewed and no previous report of presentation with erythroderma has been found.
AFRICAN TICK TYPHUS (MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED FEVER) IN AUSTRALIAN TRAVELLERS
Authors: Grove David I.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Two cases of infection with Rickettsia conorii in Australian travellers returned from Africa are reported in order to heighten awareness of this condition. The major clinical features are fever, an eschar, and a maculopapular rash. Diagnostic methods and treatment with tetracyclines are reviewed.
FAMILY INFECTIONS WITH DERMATOPHYTES AN OVERLOOKED PROBLEM?
Authors: Crozier William J. , Coats Howard P.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Between 1 January 1981 and 21 March 1983, 336 cases of dermatophytosis were investigated. Family infections contributed 36 of these cases (10.7%) Enquiries were made to a sample of dermatologists who all reported husband‐wife tinea infections as extremely uncommon, however our study showed that the husband‐wife combination was present in 50% of cases of family infection. This suggested that, of every 100 cases of tinea, at least 5 will involve the husband‐wife combination. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common cause of family infections, as well as of all tinea cases investigated.
ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS TO NOOGOORA BURR AND BATHURST BURR
Authors: Fischer Gayle , Gow Elizabeth , Freeman Susanne
Published: June 2007

Summary

Allergic contact dermatitis with positive patch testing has been identified to Noogoora Burr (Xanthium occidentale) and Bathurst Burr (Xanthium spinosum), members of the compositae family. These plants have been introduced into Australia from North America and are classified as noxious weeds. The patients presented with a dermatitis on exposed areas. The distribution and nature of the Xanthium species is described.
PRIMULA OBCONICA SENSITIVITY AND TESTING WITH PRIMIN
Authors: Apted John H.
Published: June 2007

Summary

A brief review is made of sensitivity to, and methods of testing to Primula obconica. A patient sensitive to this plant has been identified in Australia, and it is recommended that a standardised extract (Primin) should be used routinely in patch testing.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF MELANOCYTIC NAEVI IN MELANOMA PATIENTS AND CONTROL SUBJECTS
Authors: Kelly John W. , Holly Elizabeth A. , Shpall Steven N. , Ahn David K.
Published: June 2007

Summary

A study of 121 melanoma patients and 139 control subjects was conducted among whites to examine and compare the distribution of non‐dysplastic and dysplastic naevi and other pigmented lesions in each group. Melanoma patients had a mean of 97 melanocytic naevi which were greater than 2 mm in diameter and controls had a mean of 36 such naevi, while the medians were 58 and 22 respectively (p<0.0001). 55% of melanoma patients and 17% of controls had at least one clinically determined dysplastic naevus, and 26% of melanoma patients and 6% of controls had at least 5 dysplastic naevi. Men were found to have more naevi on the trunk than women in both melanoma cases (p=0.01), and controls (p=0.005). Dysplastic naevi were most often found on the trunk and were present at this location in 51% of cases and 77% of controls. Melanoma patients and control subjects with dysplastic naevi, when compared to those without these lesions, had larger number of non‐dysplastic naevi. Lentigines were more common among melanoma patients that among control subjects (p = 0.02). There were no differences in the number of non‐dysplastic naevi among cases with light and dark hair and eyes, or among controls with these characteristics. There also was little variation in the number of naevi according to number of blistering sunburns.
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN POROKERATOSIS IN TWO PATIENTS
Authors: ÖNeill A. , Commens C.A. , Kossard S. , Coats H.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Malignancy arising in porokeratosès is a well recognised but infrequently reported complication. Histological studies suggest that malignancy arises from the abnormal clone of keratinocytes which produce the cornoid lamella. We report two cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in porokeratoses and postulate genetic, environmental and host factors as important in the evolution of their malignancy.
GREVILLEA SPECIES AND HYBRIDS CAUSING CONTACT DERMATITIS
Authors: Lothian Noel
Published: June 2007

Summary

Of the 250 or so species of these Grevillea, a small number of these species (within a specific section of the genus) and their associated hybrids have been recorded as causing contact dermatitis.

A brief historical survey of the occurrence of contact dermatitis and the species responsible is given. Attention is drawn to the associated species, about which at the present time no information is available regarding their possible effect on man.

Because one of the hybrids, G.x “Robyn Gordon” is an extremely popular garden plant which has been widely planted in various sites, attention is drawn to the likely trouble it may cause to those who come into actual contact with it.
ATTITUDES TOWARDS AND KNOWLEDGE OF OCCUPATIONAL SKIN DISEASE AMONGST SUPPORT PERSONNEL
Authors: Wall L.M. , Gebauer K.A.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Liaison with support personnel is important in the management of workers with occupational skin disease (OSD). This study shows that there are many areas of concern regarding the knowledge and understanding of OSD in these groups. There needs to be a comprehensive education programme concerning OSD within the working community and support personnel. Dermatologists need to simplify their “language” in the reporting of OSD. Insurers need to take a more sympathetic attitude towards the partially fit worker. Rehabilitation personnel must become more familiar with OSD.
SWEET'S PANNICULITIS
Authors: Cullity J. , Maguire B. , Gebauer K.
Published: June 2007

Summary

We report the development of acute, tender, erythematous plaques in a 65 year old female with Myelodysplastic Syndrome transforming to Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. The clinical presentation strongly suggested Sweet's syndrome. Histopathological examination of the plaques showed a normal epidermis, dermal and subcutaneous oedema, and large numbers of polymorphs in the panniculus. The eruption responded quickly to systemic steroids, with recrudescence when steroid dosage was reduced. She remained symptom free when prednisolone dosage was reduced more slowly.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MOMETASONE FUROATE CREAM IN THE TREATMENT OF STEROID RESPONSIVE DERMATOSES
Authors: Kelly John W. , Cains Geoffrey D. , Rallings Michael , Gilmore Stephen J.
Published: June 2007

Summary

The safety and efficacy of once daily application of mometasone furoate cream 0.1% was determined by comparison with twice daily applications of betamethasone dipropionate cream 0.05% in a single blind, dual centre, randomized study in patients with a variety of steroid‐responsive inflammatory dermatoses, the most common of which was psoriasis. Morning plasma cortisol levels revealed little adrenal suppression in either of the two study groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Routine laboratory investigations showed no trends in values outside the normal ranges that were of clinical significance. Less skin atrophy was seen in the group treated with mometasone furoate. In comparison to the betamethasone dipropionate treated group, those treated with mometasone furoate exhibited only slight evidence of skin atrophy, and this was not observed before four to twelve weeks of treatment. Eighteen percent of patients using mometasone reported adverse reactions but all were of limited duration and did not persist despite continued application of the drug. Nine percent of patients using betamethasone dipropionate reported adverse effects. Both drugs were found to be highly effective with no significant difference between the two groups at the termination of the treatment period. Of importance is the fact that whilst mometasone furoate is found to be a highly effective treatment for a variety of steroid‐responsive dermatoses, this drug has only a limited potential for production of local and systemic side effects. Thus, a high margin of safety can be expected for patients using this drug.
SERUM INTERLEUKIN ‐ 2 RECEPTOR LEVELS AND CUTANEOUS T‐CELL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Gilmore Stephen J. , Benson Elizabeth M. , Kelly John W.
Published: June 2007

Summary

The serum of twenty‐four patients with histopathological confirmation of cutaneous Tcell lymphoma, including three with Sezary's syndrome, and twenty age matched controls was examined for soluble interleukin‐2 receptor using a commercially available ELISA kit. Whilst there was no signficant difference in the mean concentration of the interleukin‐2 receptor between patients with mycosis fungoides and controls, six of twenty one patients had interleukin‐2 receptor levels outside the mean plus two standard deviations of the age matched cohort. Patients with Sezary's syndrome had markedly elevated levels of this receptor. Our data support a previous report suggesting serum levels of soluble interleukin‐2 receptor increase with advancing age, highlighting the need for age matched controls when studying soluble interleukin‐2 receptor levels in disease states.
THE MANAGEMENT OF VENOUS ULCERS OF THE LEGS
Authors: Riordan Christine A.
Published: June 2007

Summary

The first step in the management of venous leg ulcers is correct diagnosis of the ulcer as venous in type. Calf pump dysfunction and resultant increased venous pressure are significant factors in the pathogenesis of venous leg ulcers. Good management is aimed at correcting these. Exercise, elevation and compression are the most effective means of achieving this and form the mainstay of treatment. The use of topical preparations entails a high risk of sensitization and irritancy. If these develop, healing may be slowed by further damage to the ulcer tissue. Reducing the number of preparations used and avoiding the injudicious use of topical antibiotics minimises this risk. Frequent assessment of the ulcer is also essential. Once healed, prevention of recurrence is an integral part of correct management of venous leg ulcers.
SURVEY OF AUSTRALIAN ISOTRETINOIN PRESCRIBING
Authors: Lee May‐Lian , Cooper Alan
Published: June 2007

Summary

In Australia, dermatologists have been designated as the soleprescribers of isotretinoin* and thus we are in a unique position to audit national usage of the drug. Questionnaires were sent by the Australasian College of Dermatologists to all 204 practising Fellows in Australia. The aim was to study the number and type of patients treated with isotretinoin, the manner in which the drug is prescribed, adverse reactions and the number of pregnancies occurring during and after treatment. Judging from the 85% of questionnaires which were returned, isotretinoin is an effective and welt‐tolerated drug for the treatment of severe nodulocystic acne. In the five years that isotretinoin has been used in Australia, U pregnancies while taking the drug were reported. These pregnancies occurred despite exhaustive counselling by dermatologists and the patients being fully aware of the risks to the fetus and the need for adequate contraceptive measures. With one exception, all agreed to have a therapeutic abortion. There were two reports of congenital abnormalities after cessation of treatment, neither of which were thought to be related to isotretinoin.
ISOTRETINOIN: COST‐BENEFIT STUDY
Authors: Lee May‐Lian , Cooper Alan
Published: June 2007

Summary

Isotretinoin is a well‐established, effective treatment for severe nodutocystic acne. An important consideration which may limit the prescription of isotretinoin is its cost. Based on a literature review, we have compared isotretinoin with the conventional combination of antibiotics and topical therapies for the treatment of severe nodulocystic acne in terms of cost and benefit. Our results show that when duration of treatment is considered, isotretinoin is cheaper and significantly more effective.
SUNSCREEN USE ON QUEENSLAND BEACHES
Authors: Pincus Matthew W. , Rollings P. Karl , Craft Allan B. , Green Adele
Published: June 2007

Summary

The prevalence of use of sunscreens was assessed in an environment of high ultraviolet (UV) exposure by surveying U7 males and 126 females on two Queensland beaches. Using a questionnaire, information was obtained about their application of sunscreen on the day of participation in the study, thus eliminating recall error. It was found that 71% of the female and 68% of the male beach‐goers sampled had applied sunscreen, 47% of which had the maximum Sun Protection Factor (15 +) rating. There was no significant association found between usage and either skin colour or socio‐economic status. Although 88% used a waterproof formulation, only 61% reapplied the sunscreen directly after swimming. Sunscreen was not applied to all exposed body parts, with over half of the subjects neglecting ears and lower limbs. Reported major reasons for use were to avoid skin cancer (44%), and to avoid sunburn (43%). The results of this study can assist in evaluating the effectiveness of present sun‐protection campaigns in the short term.
AN OPEN STUDY OF TRIPHASIL AND DIANE 50 IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE
Authors: Wishart John M.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Levonorgestrel, as used in oral contraceptives, has antiovulatory activity at doses far lower than those producing androgenic effects. Triphasil®, containing levonorgestrel was compared with Diane®, containing cyproterone acetate in a trial of acne treatment. Twenty closely matched patients were alternatively allocated to 6 months of Triphasil or Diane treatment. Both groups had a 72% reduction in acne counts. Assays of total testosterone, androgen index, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and androstenedione showed significant reduction on treatment and sex hormone binding globulin was raised. All hormonal changes were more marked in the Diane group. Side effects caused only one withdrawal from the trial.
EVALUATION OF CURETTAGE AND ELECTRODESICCATION IN TREATMENT OF KERATOACANTHOMA
Authors: Nedwich Judith A.
Published: June 2007

The reports from all keratoacanthoma curettings which were submitted to a Brisbane pathology practice over a two year period were reviewed. Those followed up for less than 12 months were not included in the analysis, unless recurrence occurred. Of 150 submitted, 111 keratoacanthomas in 106 patients could be studied. The sex distribution was almost equal, and the mean age of patients was 65 years for females and 64 years for males. Four keratoacanthomas recurred over periods ranging from 3 to 26 months. Curettage and electrodesiccation is shown to be an efficient and effective form of therapy.
MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY FOR SKIN CANCER
Authors: Leslie And David F. , Greenway Hubert T.
Published: June 2007

Mohs Micrographic Surgery is a technique offering superior treatment for skin cancer with cure rates of 99% for primary and 94.4% for recurrent BCC, greater than 94% for SCC. As developed by Dr Frederic Mohs, the technique originally involved application of a chemical fixative. Mohs'fresh tissue technique is now usual, with immediate horizontal frozen sectioning of the entire margins of excised tissue, mapping and microscopic identification of remaining tumour, then repeat excisions, mapping and examination until a tumour‐free plane is demonstrated throughout. This provides maximal conservation of uninvolved tissue structures, and allows more confident repair of a cancer‐ free surgical defect. Mohs Micrographic Surgery is becoming more widely available in Australasia; concurrently, indications for the technique are widening, as are the research interests, training opportunities, and professional organization of Mohs Practitioners. Very high, and increasing, incidence and prevalence of skin cancer in Australasia, and factors tending to contribute to this, suggest that Mohs Micrographic Surgery has an expanding role to play in Australasia.
HYPOMELANOSIS OF ITO: REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: Finkelstein Eve , Shinwell Eric , Avinoach Ilana , Hallel‐Halevy Dafna , Halevy Sima
Published: June 2007

Summary

Hypomelanosis of Ito is an uncommon syndrome where bizarre, systematized hypopigmentation is often associated with neurological and other non‐cutaneous abnormalities. We report two cases, one which was associated with laryngomalacia and sudden death (in which the parents were consanguineous), and one which was associated with episodes of loss of consciousness.
CONGENITAL SENSORY NEUROPATHY WITH ANHIDROSIS (HEREDITARY SENSORY NEUROPATHY TYPE IV)
Authors: Hatzis J. , Gourgiotou K. , Koumelas D. , Makaronis G. , Varhlzidis A. , Stratigos J.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Hereditary sensory neuropathies comprise a group of rare childhood diseases which are classified into four types. We present a Greek boy 11 years old with hereditary sensory neuropathy type IV (congenital sensory neuropathy with anhidrosis) whom we have followed up and studied during the last seven years. Our patient presented for the first time with recurrent hyperthermic episodes without sweating, and lack of pain sensation from the first months of life. Insensitivity to pain and thermal stimuli had resulted in burns on the extremities and self‐mutilation of the tongue, lips and fingertips. When he was five and seven years old respectively he had two painless fractures of the ankles which led to insoluble orthopedic problems. He also suffered from mental retardation, which was obvious from his first years of life. Sweat gland investigations showed significant hypohidrosis or anhidrosis although the sweat glands were normal microscopically. Hereditary sensory neuropathy type IV, although rare, is important for dermatologists because it must be differentiated from other anhidrotic syndromes, and in view of the poor prognosis of the condition.
A SURVEY OF HOSPITAL ATTENDANCES FOR SKIN DISEASE IN PERTH
Authors: Kumarasinghe S. Prasad W. , Singh Gian D.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Analysis of hospital attendances for skin diseases is not a true prevalence study; however, it gives valuable information to the dermatologist. A two week study of hospital attendances at the skin clinics in three major hospitals in Western Australia was conducted. The most common conditions encountered were solar keratoses, psoriasis, malignant tumours and dermatitis. These results are similar to those of a population based prevalence study carried out in Western Australian in 1979.
Review OF FIFTH INT NATIONAL PSORIASIS SYMPOSIUM San Francisco, July 1991
Authors: Roenigk Henry H.
Published: June 2007

This review was presented as a paper at The Annual Meeting of the Australasian College of Dermatologists, Perth, May 1991.
SUBCUTANEOUS FAT NECROSIS OF THE NEWBORN COMPLICATED BY HYPERCALCAEMIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Authors: Lewis Anne , Cowen Peter , Rodda Christine , Dyall‐Smith Delwyn
Published: June 2007

Summary

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is an uncommon but distinctive condition which appears in the first six weeks of life, associated with variable degrees of hypercalcaemia and which resolves spontaneously over months. We report a case of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn following perinatal distress and complicated by thrombocytopenia and hypercalcaemia.
HIV INFECTED PATIENTS: CORRELATION OF CUTANEOUS DISEASE WITH DEGREE OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
Authors: See Jo‐Ann , Wong David
Published: June 2007

Summary

The AIDS epidemic has become a world‐wide health problem since the disease was identified ten years ago. An HIV‐dermatology outpatient clinic was established at the Albion Street Centre in Sydney to manage patients with cutaneous manifestations of AIDS. This study reviews the spectrum of skin disorders seen, and attempts to correlate skin disease with the degree of immunosuppression as reflected by CD4 or T helper lymphocyte counts, whereas previous reports have attempted to correlate skin disease with clinical signs and symptoms. Brief summaries of HIV disease and the cutaneous manifestations of AIDS are given.
THE PATTERN OF CHILDHOOD TINEA IN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA 1979–1988
Authors: Rogers Maureen , Muir D. , Pritchard Robert
Published: June 2007

Summary

A retrospective study was undertaken of 192 cases of culture proven tinea capitis occurring between 1979 and 1988 in a predominantly white population of children in New South Wales (NSW). The aim of the study was to identify whetherTrichophyton tonsuranswas increasing in importance in the causation of this condition in Australia as it was in many other parts of the world. The results of our study were compared with those of earlier Australian studies. Our study demonstrated thatTrichophyton tonsuransis now equal in importance toMicrosporum caniswhich was previously the strongly predominant organism.
TWO CASES OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS DUE TO CANDIDA ZEYLANOIDES
Authors: Crozier William J.
Published: June 2007

Summary

As the range of yeasts and filamentous fungi reported to cause onychomycosis has increased, uncommon genera or species have appeared in the literature. Candida zeylanoides is an example of a yeast rarely involved in human pathology. Between 1989 and 1991, two cases of onychomycosis due to this yeast were encountered in Wollongong, NSW. There were similarities in the cases, as both involved finger‐ or thumb‐nails and both patients were female (one sixty years of age and the other, seventy‐two). Evidence of pathogenicity is presented and subsequent topical treatment was successful in both cases.
DERMAL MYIASIS IN AN AUSTRALIAN TRAVELLER
Authors: Rubel Diana M. , Walder Brien K. , Jopp‐McKay Andrea , Rosen Robert
Published: June 2007

Summary

Myiasis, the infestation of body tissues by the larvae of files, occurs infrequently in Australian tourists who return from areas where certain species are endemic. Some of these insect species such as Cochliomyia hominivorax and Chrysoma bezziana (New and Old World screwworms respectively) are responsible for significant disease in livestock as well as in humans. We report a patient who travelled extensively through South America and returned to Australia with a subcutaneous nodule containing a large larva of the species Dermatobia hominis. Because of the risk of travellers introducing unwanted species of flies into our country, it is important for doctors to suspect the possibility of furuncular myiasis, and to obtain accurate identification of the larva.
DISEASE MECHANISMS IN ORAL LICHEN PLANUS. A POSSIBLE ROLE FOR AUTOIMMUNITY
Authors: Sugerman Philip B. , Savage Neil W. , Walsh Laurence J. , Seymour Gregory J.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Current evidence for the involvement of cell‐mediated immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus is reviewed. Both a spatial and temporal relationship between cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and epithelial damage have been reported. Although keratinocytes appear to be the target for destruction in oral lichen planus, their role in antigen presentation is unclear. We propose that in oral lichen planus patients, diverse exogenous agents such as drugs, trauma and infection, stimulate the expression of a common self molecule by oral mucosal keratinocytes. An autoimmune reaction by cytotoxic T lymphocytes to these activated keratinocytes may result in the tissue destruction which is characteristic of oral lichen planus.
PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS ASSOCIATED WITH SPINDLE CELL THYMOMA
Authors: Norris Debra L. , Saywell Mark S. , Strutton Geoffrey M. , Stephenson Graham J.
Published: June 2007

Summary

This paper describes the occurrence of fatal pemphigus vulgaris in an 89 year old female, in whom a benign spindle cell thymoma was found at autopsy. The histological appearances of the skin biopsies, thymic tumour and immunofluorescence findings are described. The association between pemphigus and neoplasia is discussed, and the difference between classical pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic pemphigus are evaluated.
ORF. CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Bassioukas K. , Orfanidou A. , Stergiopoulou C.H. , Hatzis J.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Twenty eight human cases of orf were studied from clinical and epidemiological points of view. Most of the patients were shepherds who were inoculated from infected animals during all seasons of the year. Typical lesions of different stages of orf were located on the hands, and were accompanied by local symptoms such as pain, pruritus, lymphangitis and adenitis, or less frequently by systemic symptoms such as fever or malaise. Two cases developed erythema multiforme, one developed erysipelas and another a papulovesicular eruption. Tzanck test may contribute to the diagnosis. The course of the disease can not be influenced by antibiotics, and only measures of local hygiene are recommended, except in complicated cases.
ENDOTHELIAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULES IN PSORIASIS
Authors: Lee May‐Lian , To Tony , Nicholson Ellen , Schrieber Leslie
Published: June 2007

Summary

Skin biopsies from patients with psoriasis and normal controls were examined for the expression of cell adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule‐1 (ELAM‐1), HECA‐452 and 4D10, using an immunoperoxidase techique. This study demonstrates that psoriatic skin exhibits a wide variety of markers of endothelial cell activation which are either induced or increased expression (ICAM‐1, ELAM‐1 & 4D10). Moreover, ICAM‐1 & HECA‐452 are also on leukocytes. These antigens may facilitate the adhesion of inflammatory cells to endothelium and antigen‐presenting cells in psoriatic skin. Thus, they may play a role in faciliating the infiltration of leukocytes into psoriatic skin.
EOSINOPHILIC CELLULITIS CASE REPORT: TREATMENT OPTIONS
Authors: Lee Michael W. , Nixon Rosemary L.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Eosinophilic cellulitis in a 56 year old woman is described. The patient responded well to oral prednisolone, but attempts to withdraw the corticosteroid resulted in relapses. Remission was achieved with a combination of dapsone, antihistamine and alternate‐day prednisolone.
GLUCAGONOMA SYNDROME WITH INCREASED LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOENZYMES: OCTREOTIDE TREATMENT
Authors: Siller Gregory M. , Strutton Geoffrey M. , Moore Geoffrey A. , Kanowski And David M. , Nedwich Judith A.
Published: June 2007

Glucagonoma Syndrome is a rare syndrome comprising hyperglucagonemia, diabetes mellitus, necrolytic migratory erythema and hypoaminoacidemia in the setting of a glucagon producing, alpha cell tumour of the pancreas. We report a case of Glucagonoma Syndrome palliatively treated successfully with octreotide. In addition to classical clinical and biochemical findings, this patient also had a Glomus Jugulars tumour, and Empty Sella Syndrome and demonstrated an unusual pattern of plasma lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, features not previously reported in this syndrome.
ADAMS‐OLIVER SYNDROME: APLASIA CUTIS CONGENITA, TERMINAL TRANSVERSE LIMB DEFECTS AND CUTIS MARMORATA TELANGIECTATICA CONGENITA
Authors: Dyall‐Smith Delwyn , Ramsden Andrew , Laurie Simon
Published: June 2007

A male infant with the features of Adams‐Oliver syndrome is described. These features included severe aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) of the scalp involving both skin and cranium, a shortened right foot with talipes equinovarus, extensive cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita and also haemangiomas and ulceration of the abdominal skin. Exposure of the dural membrane was associated with infection, hyponatraemia and finally localised necrosis with herniation of brain and fatal cerebral haemorrhage.
THERAPEUTICS: PERSONAL PRACTICE THE CLINICAL USE OF ALPHA HYDROXY ACIDS
Authors: Rubin Mark G.
Published: June 2007

Alpha Hydroxy Acids are a group of organic acids which have recently become popular in the treatment of several skin conditions.

This article explores some of the clinical uses of these products in the treatment ofichthyosis, acne, hyperpigmentation and photo‐damage. Specific recommendations are given for the treatment of each condition.
Discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Donnelly AM , Halbert AR , Rohr JB
Published: June 2007

Discoid lupus erythematosus is a manifestation of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus with a small risk of systemic involvement. In this review article, the role of predisposing factors such as haplotype, hormones, antibodies and sunlight are discussed. The clinical features, including variants and associations, and management options are presented.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
Authors: Lee Stephen , Artemi Phillip , Holt Deborah
Published: June 2007

A case of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is described. A brief review of AGEP is undertaken with emphasis on its differentiation from acute generalized pustular psoriasis. AGEP is also compared with and contrasted to acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, or ‘Sweet's syndrome’ and Sneddon‐Wilkinson pustular dermatosis.
Fungal eosinophilic pustular folliculitis
Authors: Dyall‐Smith Delwyn , Mason Graham
Published: June 2007

A young woman presented with a persistent unilateral erosive and pustular plaque of the forearm. Repeated biopsy was required to make the diagnosis of a fungal cause for her eosinophilic pustular folliculitis.
Curettage before excision
Authors: Paver Robert D
Published: June 2007

Simple curettage of a basal cell carcinoma immediately prior to excision defines the margins of the tumour and therefore reduces the risk of subsequent incomplete excision.
The use of mimetic musculature in facial reconstruction
Authors: Hodgkinson Darryl J , Tavakoli Kouros
Published: June 2007

Skin malignancy of all types is prevalent in Australia and the incidence is rising. Reconstruction of post‐surgical excision defects in the face can be facilitated by the use of myocutaneous flaps using facial mimetic musculature. The mimetic musculature can be partially sacrificed without the loss of discernible facial tone or expression. Examples of their use include the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, nasalis, procerus, levator labii superioris, mentalis, orbicularis oris, platysma and SMAS. Myocutaneous flaps in the face enjoy the same advantages of increased skin viability as they do elsewhere in the body. Their use in the face is superior to the cosmetic results obtained by skin grafting alone or distant skin flap giving better colour match, increased vascularity and appropriate bulk when subcutaneous tissues and muscles have also been sacrificed in the initial extirpation of the skin malignancy.