bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obesity and personality characteristics in adolescents from Argentina and Spain: A cross-cultural study / Obesidad y características de personalidad en adolescentes de Argentina y España: Un estudio transcultural
Authors: Lacunza Ana Betina , Sal Franciso Javier , Paredes Víctor , Collado Yurrita Luis , Caballero Silvina Valeria , Díaz Molina Paula , Cordobés Rol Marta , Salazar Burgos Ramiro , Bermejo de las Heras Sara , León Joana , San Mauro Martín Ismael
Published: October 2021

Abstract The objectives of this study were: 1. To compare the presence of overweight and obesity in adolescents from Argentina vs. Spain, 2. To compare personality according to nutritional diagnosis (ND) and place of residence (PR), and 3. To identify the presence of psychopathological risk (PR). A total of 272 adolescents, men and women from 11 to 16 years completed the Personality Questionnaire for Children of Eysenck (EPQ-J) and body mass index was calculated through height and weight measures. The 39% of the Spanish adolescents and 43% of the Argentinians presented overweight or obesity, two clinical groups were formed, one per country and both control groups were constituted by the normal weight participants. The combination of the variables ND and PR did not show significant differences in terms of personality dimensions. However, both clinical groups presented greater neuroticism (NE) than their control peers. Regarding the PR, the Argentine adolescents registered higher NE and emotional hardness (4% of high risk) than 3% of high risk of NE in the Spanish. The data obtained did not allow to establish a psychopathological profile of the overweight or obese adolescent, this is because the influence of the country of origin prevalled. Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1. Comparar la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes de Argentina vs. España, 2. Comparar la personalidad según diagnóstico nutricional (DN) y lugar de residencia (LR), y 3. Identificar la presencia de riesgo psicopatológico (RP). Participaron 272 adolescentes, hombres y mujeres, de 11-16 años de edad, quienes completaron el Cuestionario de Personalidad para Niños de Eysenck (EPQ-J) y, para calcular el índice de masa corporal, fueron recabadas medidas de talla y peso. Presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad 39% de los adolescentes españoles y 43% de los argentinos, con quienes se conformaron dos grupos clínicos, uno por país; mientras que ambos grupos control estuvieron constituidos por los participantes normopeso. La combinación de las variables DN y LR no arrojó diferencias significativas en cuanto a las dimensiones de personalidad. Sin embargo, ambos grupos clínicos presentaron mayor neuroticismo (NE) que sus pares control. Respecto al LR, los adolescentes argentinos registraron mayor NE y dureza emocional (4% de alto riesgo) vs.3% de alto riesgo por NE en los españoles. Los datos obtenidos no permitieron establecer un perfil psicopatológico del adolescente con sobrepeso u obesidad, dado que prevaleció la influencia del país de procedencia.
Relationship between nutritional status, body dissatisfaction and risky eating behaviors in Nutrition students / Relación entre estatus nutricional, insatisfacción corporal y conductas alimentarias de riesgo en estudiantes de nutrición
Authors: Díaz Gutiérrez Mary Carmen , Bilbao y Morcelle Gladys María , Unikel Santoncini Claudia , Escalante Izeta Ericka Ileana , Parra Carriedo Alicia
Published: October 2021

Abstract The sociocultural pressure on university students, and particularly those studying Nutrition, negatively influences their body image (BI), which favors the adoption of risky eating behaviors (REB), regardless of their nutritional status (NS). The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between body dissatisfaction (BD), NS and REB in Nutrition students. A total of 370 students from a private university participated (93.5% women), with a mean age of 19.5 years (SD = 2.5). Although 81% of the students were normal weight, 72.3% had BD. Participants with obesity, overweight or normal weight had moderate risk of REB (p <.05), but not those who were satisfied with their BI (p <.05). Specifically, students who wished to have a thinner silhouette showed greater risk of REB (OR = 2.97, p <.05) vs. those who wished to have a robust silhouette (p = .76). In addition, the higher body mass index, the more exercise to lose weight, restrictive diets, binge eating and loss of control when eating (p <.05). It is necessary to develop interventions aimed at improving body satisfaction to prevent REB among university students, with greater emphasis on those who choose Nutrition as a professional career. Resumen La presión sociocultural sobre los estudiantes universitarios, y en particular los que estudian nutrición, influye de manera negativa en su imagen corporal (IC), lo que favorece la adopción de conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), independientemente de su estatus nutricional (ETN). El propósito del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre insatisfacción corporal (INC), ETN y CAR en estudiantes de nutrición. Participaron 370 estudiantes de una universidad privada (93.5% mujeres), con edad promedio de 19.5 años (DE = 2.5). Aunque 81% de los estudiantes era normopeso, 72.3% presentaron INC. Los participantes con obesidad, sobrepeso o normopeso presentaron riesgo moderado de presentar CAR (p <.05), pero no aquellos que estaban satisfechos con su IC (p < .05). Específicamente, los estudiantes que desearon tener una silueta más delgada mostraron mayor riesgo de presentar CAR (OR = 2.97, p < .05) vs. quienes deseaban tener una más robusta (p = .76). Además, a mayor índice de masa corporal, mayor práctica de ejercicio para bajar de peso, dietas restrictivas, atracones y pérdida de control al comer (p < .05). Es necesario desarrollar intervenciones orientadas a mejorar la satisfacción corporal para prevenir CAR entre estudiantes universitarios, y con mayor énfasis en aquellos que optan por cursar la carrera de nutrición.
Predictors of risk eating behaviors in high school students / Predictores de conductas alimentarias de riesgo en estudiantes de bachillerato
Authors: Caldera Zamora Iván Alejandro , Martín del Campo Rayas Patricia , Caldera Montes Juan Francisco , Reynoso González Oscar Ulises , Zamora Betancourt María Del Rosario
Published: October 2021

Abstract The main objective of this study was to identify sociodemographic and psychosocial variables capable of predicting risk eating behaviors (REB) in high school students. Participants were 988 adolescents (541 women and 447 men) between 14 and 18 years of age (M = 16.79, SD = 1.50). In addition to the REB (Binge-purge, compensatory behavior and restriction), examined through the Brief Questionnaire on Risk Food Behaviors, the following psychosocial variables were also evaluated: family and friend support, school adjustment, victimization, suicidal ideation, academic stress, body dissatisfaction and depression; the sociodemographic variables included were: sex, age, hours of sleep per day and hours dedicated to the Internet or social networks. Through three multiple linear regression analyzes, one for each REB (R2 = .36, .16 and .55, respectively; all with p < .001), different predictive variables could be identified, among which stood out the body dissatisfaction, the depression and sex (women). The identification of these variables can contribute to the improvement of prevention strategies in terms of REB and eating disorders among adolescents. Resumen El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar variables sociodemográficas y psicosociales capaces de predecir las conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR) en estudiantes de bachillerato. Participaron 988 adolescentes (541 mujeres y 447 hombres) de entre 14 y 18 años de edad (M = 16.79, DE = 1.50). Además de las CAR (Atracón-purga, Medidas compensatorias y Restricción), examinadas a través del Cuestionario Breve de Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo, fueron evaluadas las variables psicosociales siguientes: apoyo familiar y de amigos, ajuste escolar, victimización, ideación suicida, estrés académico, insatisfacción corporal y depresión; mientras que las variables sociodemográficas incluidas fueron: sexo, edad, horas de sueño al día y horas dedicadas al Internet o las redes sociales. Mediante tres análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, uno para cada CAR (R2 = .36, .16 y .55, respectivamente; todas con p < .001), se pudieron identificar distintas variables predictivas, entre las que destacaron la insatisfacción corporal, la depresión y el sexo (mujeres). La identificación de estas variables puede contribuir a la mejora de las estrategias de prevención en materia de CAR y, por ende, de los trastornos alimentarios entre adolescentes.
Emotion Based Music Recommendation System
Authors: Parikh Dhruv Piyush
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Our world today is driven by machines of various complexities. From a basic one like a computer to a highly complex humanoid robot, everything is a product of human intelligence. A lot of industries are being benefited from such new technologies. Facial Expression Recognition is one of these technologies. It has a wide range of applications and is an area that is constantly evolving. The analogy behind it is, when we gaze at someone, the eyes send signals to the brain. The face patterns of that specific person are carried by these messages. These patterns are then compared to those stored in the brain's memory. Inspired by such innovations, our research collects human expressions and analyses their emotions using our vast dataset, offering some necessary strategies to change their facial expressions. Due to the competitive environment, the youth of our generation has been inclined to a lot of mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Our generation's youth has been predisposed to a variety of mental health issues. Our idea attempts to provide a relaxing atmosphere to a person based on his or her facial expressions. Keywords: Facial Expression, Face Recognition, Python, PyWhatkit, OpenCV.
Covid Classification Using Audio Data
Authors: Patil Adwait
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Coronavirus outbreak has affected the entire world adversely this project has been developed in order to help common masses diagnose their chances of been covid positive just by using coughing sound and basic patient data. Audio classification is one of the most interesting applications of deep learning. Similar to image data audio data is also stored in form of bits and to understand and analyze this audio data we have used Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) which makes it possible to feed the audio to our neural network. In this project we have used Coughvid a crowdsource dataset consisting of 27000 audio files and metadata of same amount of patients. In this project we have used a 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to process the audio and metadata. Future scope for this project will be a model that rates how likely it is that a person is infected instead of binary classification. Keywords: Audio classification, Mel frequency cepstral coefficients, Convolutional neural network, deep learning, Coughvid
INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF FRICTION UNITS MADE OF TITANIUM ALLOYS
Authors:   Institute of Mechanical Engineering named after A.A. Blagonravova Russian Academy of Sciences, Reshchikov Egor O. , Romanov Il’ya V. ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Zadorozhniy Roman N.
Published: October 2021

The most important advantages of titanium alloys over other structural materials are their high specific strength and heat resistance, combined with high corrosion resistance and low density. Despite all the positive characteristics of titanium alloys, their tribotechnical properties are very poor, which limits the use of these materials in moving joints. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the wear resistance and reliability of friction units made of titanium alloys by means of electric spark processing. (Materials and methods) For the study there was used samples of disks with a diameter of 60 and a thickness of 5 millimeters made of a hard alloy of the VT20 brand, an EIO "BIG-1M" installation, a Niton XL3t X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, a Surtronic profilometer, a TRB-S-DE-0000 tribometer, and an OLYMPUS GX51 microscope. (Results and discussion) Coatings were applied to samples made of titanium alloy by electric spark treatment with electrodes made of different materials. The tribotechnical characteristics of such coatings were studied in accordance with the ASTM G99 standard. It was found that the roughness of the samples after electric spark treatment significantly exceeds the roughness of the untreated sample. According to the results of the experiments, the most optimal electrode material was selected to increase the wear resistance of the surfaces of titanium alloys. The titanium alloy after electric spark treatment with a graphite electrode has a high wear resistance and a low coefficient of friction; graphite deposited on the surface of the sample does not form a strong coating, but plays the role of a solid lubricant that is gradually consumed during wear. (Conclusions) The surfaces obtained with the graphite electrode have the best wear resistance and the lowest friction coefficient.
CHANGES IN THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MICROHARDNESS OF 65G STEEL AFTER THERMAL HARDENING AND SURFACING WITH A LOW-CARBON ELECTRODE
Authors:   Bryansk State Agrarian University, Mikhal’chenkov Aleksandr M. , Fes’kov Sergey A. , Kozarez Irina V. , Slezko Elena I.
Published: October 2021

When reinforcing the surfaces of the working bodies of tillage tools, they are surfaced with electrodes with a low-carbon rod. The surface in contact with the soil is not subjected to heat treatment. Recently, thermal hardening of local parts has been used. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the transformation of the microstructure of 65G heat-strengthened steel deposited by an electrode with a low-carbon rod, as well as the specifics of the microhardness distribution in this section. (Materials and methods) Investigated in the cross- section of the structure of the deposited area by the standard method, consisting in the preparation of microsections, etching and directly microanalysis. (Results and discussion) The transformation of the microstructure of heat-strengthened steel 65G deposited by an electrode with a low-carbon rod is complex due to the specificity and versatility of the phase transformations that occur during its formation. The microhardness distribution plot in the cross-section of the surfacing area has a complex configuration, determined by the variety of structural components, the presence of deformation processes during crystallization and solidification, and the presence of preliminary thermal hardening of the base metal. (Conclusions) Increased values of the hardness of individual areas contribute to an increase in the abrasive wear resistance of the part. The presence of the fusion zone ensures the resistance of the deposited area to cracking. The zone of thermal influence has four clearly distinguishable areas: the drop in microhardness; the stable values according to the Vickers method; the near-shock zone; the fusion zone. The microhardness of the weld surface of the cushion is 410 Vickers or 42 Rockwell, which creates conditions for increasing the wear resistance of the surface friction. The use of electrodes with a low-carbon rod is advisable when conducting surfacing reinforcement of heat-strengthened steels.
ANALYSIS OF PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE CHANGE PROCESS SAMPLES MATERIAL UNDER EXPOSURE ULTRASONIC STABILIZATION
Authors:   Kazakhstan University of Innovation and Telecommunication Systems, Baltaev Timur A. , Dzhusupkalieva Roza I. ,   "Oil, Gas and Chemical Engineering" High School of the West Kazakhstan  Agrarian Technical University them. Zhangir Khan, Sagynalieva Anna Z. ,   "Transport and Engineering Protection"  High School of the West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University them. Zhangir Khan
Published: October 2021

The most important task of precision engineering on the modern stage is the development of effective technological processes of manufacturing, providing not only achieving high precision at low costs, but also retaining the original in terms of accuracy throughout the life of the product. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the possible negative effect of ultrasonic mechanical vibration in the process of stabilizing the deformation of circular plates on the subject of appearing of various kinds of micro-cracks, which result will be a sharp decrease in resource products in general, and to make a comparative analysis of changes in the properties and structure of the material. (Materials and methods) Half of the prepared samples were processed using a thermomechanical technology based on the cyclic action of a liquid or gas in different temperature conditions, the other part of the samples was processed using the proposed technology based on the method of ultrasonic mechanical action. The end section of the round plate for both processing options was prepared. (Results and discussion) In the structure of the material of both the samples treated by different methods, there are certain bundles of the micro-cracks type caused by plastic impact. The structure of sample material processed by standard method is more rough, the concentration of microcracks in the material of the sample treated by ultrasonic impact does not exceed the concentration of microcracks of the sample material processed in a standard way. (Conclusions) Changing the structure of the material of the round plate after ultrasonic treatment may not have a negative impact and does not affect the durability of the product during operation. With the correct choice of the ultrasonic treatment mode, a more uniform stress reduction can be achieved during the processing, and the quality and efficiency of the process can be improved. Ultrasonic processing increases the mechanical characteristics of the material, such as tensile strength and proportionality.
POROSITY OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES BASED ON 3D-PRINTED FRAMES IMPREGNATED WITH EPOXY RESIN
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Lopatina Yuliya A. , Denisov Vyacheslav A.
Published: October 2021

In the designs of modern machines, more and more polymer parts are used, at the same time, there is a problem of their quick replacement in case of failure. Reducing the cost and repair time can be achieved by using 3D printing by FDM method, but such parts do not always demonstrate the necessary strength. To improve their mechanical properties, a method of their impregnation after printing in epoxy resins was previously proposed. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the dependence of the porosity of composite structures based on 3D-printed frames impregnated with resin on the parameters of their manufacture. (Materials and methods) Authors used samples for the first stage of the work, which are 3D-printed cylinders with different wall thicknesses and internal geometries, impregnated with ED-20 epoxy resin. The samples were cut in several sections and the number of pores in these sections was calculated. The second stage of the experiment was to evaluate the porosity of a part of complex geometry. (Results and discussion) With an increase in the percentage of filling and thickening of the wall in 3D printing, there is a tendency to reduce the number of pores. With a less dense filling of the frame and a thinner wall, the resin is worse retained in the product and partially flows out after impregnation. The best filling of a part of a complex shape was observed when it was cured in the position of the massive part up. (Conclusions) For the production of high- quality composite parts based on 3D-printed frames impregnated with epoxy resin, it is recommended to choose the largest possible percentage of filling during 3D printing and strive to position the part during the curing process after impregnation with the massive part up.
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE RESTORATION OF MACHINE PARTS
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Kostyukov Alexander Yu.
Published: October 2021

At repair enterprises, various metal-polymer materials are used to restore the interfaces. Metal-polymer materials can be filled with the following components: steel, bronze, aluminum, titanium. The main advantages of metal polymers are their resistance to negative environmental influences, mechanical friction and high temperatures. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the possibilities of metal-polymer materials for effective use in the restoration of machine parts and to give suggestions for improving their physical and mechanical properties during the restoration work. (Materials and methods) Authors studied metal-polymer materials of well-known companies: "Belzona" (USA), "Durmetal" (Switzerland), "Diamant" (Germany), "Loctite" (USA), Chester Molecular (Poland). The article presents the data on their use in the restoration of various parts. The metal polymer materials of foreign companies are characterized by stable quality and high physical and technical characteristics; domestic materials are still inferior to imported ones due to the low quality of the incoming components. (Results and discussion) The main property of coatings is the adhesive strength, which largely determines the resource of the restored part. The main factors that affect the adhesive strength are described in the article. It is possible to significantly increase the adhesive strength of the coatings due to the preliminary electric spark treatment of the worn part. The article presents data on the effectiveness of electric spark coatings as an independent technological process in the restoration of the part. The use of a combined technology of electric spark processing with subsequent application of metal-polymer materials provides undeniable advantages in the restoration of parts. (Conclusions) To improve the physical and mechanical properties of coatings, it is advisable to combine the technology of electric spark processing with the use of metal-polymer coatings. This will expand the possibilities of using part recovery technologies.
DIAGNOSTICS WITH A MULTI-CHANNEL MEASURING SYSTEM WITH A FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE OF BOSCH INJECTORS
Authors:   Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University, Tarasenko Viktor E. , Rolich Oleg C. , Dunayev Anatoliy V. ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM
Published: October 2021

At the CR-Jet 4E stand, the vibroacoustic signals of BOSCH injectors were studied using a multichannel system with a flexible structure in the BGATU Educational Institution. They were processed in the Mathcad system with spectral analysis and wavelet transformations in MATLAB programs. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the vibration characteristics of BOSCH injectors, identifying possible malfunctions and predict their service life. (Materials and methods) The article presents testing results of a new and working nozzle at an injection pressure of 158, 200 and 1000 bar. In five tests it were used the MPU6050 vibration sensors, the INMP621 microphone, and the temperature sensor. The vibration signals were displayed along the xyz axes according to the amplitude-frequency response with the Fourier transform. (Results and discussion) The article presents graphs of wavelet transformations and amplitude-frequency characteristics from five binary files of accelerometer signals and sound files of injectors. The article presents the accelerometer signals on the y-axis at the top of the graphs, the spectrum of their constancy in the middle, and the scalogram at the bottom. For worn-out injectors, the spectrum of constancy is less expressed, the main signal peaks are in the frequencies of 150 and 300 hertz, they are less than in the new nozzle, and the amplitudes are higher up to 800 units. For the new nozzle, the uniform peaks are less than 200 units. The acoustic amplitude of the worn–out nozzle is 150 units, and the new one at frequencies up to 250 hertz is up to 120 units. (Conclusion) Studies of BOSCH injectors with signal processing in the Mathcad system, followed by spectral analysis and wavelet transformations using the MATLAB software package, have shown that the worn-out injectors are characterized by a less expressed spectrum of oscillation constancy. The research goals have not been achieved, but they deepen the traditional diagnosis.
OPERATIONAL MONITORING OF TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS OF RESOURCE-SIGNIFICANT AGGREGATES ON AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Gabitov Ildar I. , Negovora Andrey V. , Razyapov Makhmut M.
Published: October 2021

When operating automotive equipment at low or high ambient temperatures, various devices are required to maintain the thermal regime of the units in the permissible range, which significantly affect the internal energy consumption and the service life of the machine. Currently, such a complex thermal preparation is implemented only for the engine by heating or cooling the coolant. For other systems and units, continuous monitoring of their temperature is not provided, and there are no rules or clear requirements for the implementation of such heat preparation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in expanding the functionality of remote diagnostics by operational monitoring and control of the temperature conditions of individual machine units. (Materials and methods) Authors used research methods based on the application of standard techniques, the object of research was the system of integrated thermal automotive equipment. In addition to heating the engine before starting, other systems and units need to optimize the thermal regime, most of which can be combined into a comprehensive heat treatment system. (Results and discussion) As a result of experimental studies of the integrated heat treatment system mounted on a KAMAZ vehicle, the dynamics of temperature changes in various units during their heat treatment were and presented. Monitoring and controlling the temperature regime of automotive equipment units will reduce internal power losses and increase the service life of units exposed to temperature. (Conclusions) The introduction of a comprehensive heat treatment system, intelligently and functionally linked to a remote monitoring system, will significantly increase the service life of the units most exposed to temperature influences.
Влияние альтернативного топлива для турбинных двигателей на механические свойства эпоксидного волокнисто-армированного углепластика
Authors:   School of Aviation and Transportation Technology, Purdue University, Футч Т. , Ким Г. , Стеркенбург Р.
Published: October 2021

Компоненты новых коммерческих и военных самолетов часто производят с использованием современных композитных материалов. Топливо хранится в крыльях и горизонтальном оперении самолета в течение длительного времени. Использование альтернативных видов топлива для газотурбинных двигателей в качестве заменителей топлива на основе керосина, таких как Jet-A, неуклонно возрастет. Однако количество исследований, связанных с воздействием топлива на композитную конструкцию самолета, ограничено. В настоящей работе изучали влияние контакта альтернативного турбинного топлива на механические свойства композитной конструкции. Проведены испытания на растяжение образцов из препрега однонаправленного эпоксидного углепластика IM7/8552 с ориентацией волокон под углом 0 и 90° к направлению нагружения и испытание на раскол образцов клином. Провели испытания образцов, погруженных на 45 дней в разные виды топлива для газотурбинных двигателей: чистый Jet-A, смесь 50/50 Jet-A и гидрообработанного возобновляемого реактивного топлива (HRJ) (Jet-A/HRJ), топливо Фишера-Тропша (FT), смесь 50/50 синтетического реактивного топлива S8 и топлива Фишера-Тропша (FT) S8/FT, топливо на основе гидрогенизированных эфиров и жирных кислот HEFA и синтезированное изопарафиновое топливо SIP. Результаты испытаний проанализировали с целью оценки деградации механических свойств образцов, обусловленной их экспонированием в топливе.
Моделирование износа сферического шарнирного соединения с тонким композитным покрытием
Authors:   Южный федеральный университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Чебаков М. И. , Данильченко С. А.
Published: October 2021

Рассмотрена пространственная квазистатическая контактная задача для сферического шарнирного соединения, на одну из поверхностей скольжения которого нанесены тонкие полимерные композитные покрытия с матрицей на основе фенилона С-2 и наполнителями в виде мелкодисперсных порошков фторопласта Ф4МБ и вольфрамомолибденовой сини, а также цилиндрового масла С-52. Для решения поставленной задачи был применен метод конечных элементов и программный комплекс ANSYS. В качестве модели, описывающей процесс изнашивания, применена модель Арчарда. Исследовано напряженно-деформированное состояние соединения и определен линейный износ рассматриваемых покрытий на начальном этапе взаимодействия при одинаковых условиях нагружения и толщине покрытия. Установлено, что в начальный момент времени значения контактного давления и эквивалентного напряжения в зоне взаимодействия возрастают, что связано с этапом “приработки”, когда происходит формирование области контакта при раскручивании штампа. С выходом на стабильный режим вращения и постепенным увеличением площади пятна контакта вследствие износа данные значения снижаются. Зависимость износа (в основном от коэффициента износа) от времени на начальном этапе имеет линейный характер. Получены значения величины объемного износа для разных покрытий, что позволяет рассчитывать скорость и интенсивность изнашивания.
Анализ разрушения первого слоя в косоугольных пластинах из слоистых композитов при разных граничных условиях на кромках
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, Чаттерджи Д. , Гош А. , Чакраворти Д.
Published: October 2021

В настоящей работе с учетом практических параметрических изменений косоугольных пластин из слоистых композитов определена нагрузка разрушения первого слоя и выявлено уменьшение в силу этого собственной частоты свободных колебаний. Для исследования реакции на разрушение первого слоя методом конечных элементов использовали разные общепринятые кри терии разрушения, включая недавно предложенный критерий Пака. Полученные результаты проанализированы с целью формулирования конкретных рекомендаций относительно поведения косоугольных пластин с точки зрения разрушения первого слоя.
Sexual maturity as risk for development of deviant behaviours in pig production systems with entire males
Authors: Nakov Dimitar , Trajchev Metodija , Hristov Slavca , Stankovic Branislav , Cincovic Marko , Zlatanovic Zvonko , Bojkovski Jovan
Published: October 2021

Male piglets are castrated primarily to avoid the unpleasant boar taint in meat, and additionally for the predisposition of castrates to accumulate fat and for their lower risk of developing unwanted behaviours. There are two main strategies available for withdrawing from surgical castration: one is immunocastration and the other is to raise entire male pigs or boars. Additionally, raising intact boars is more profitable because of the production of carcasses with lean meat and better feed conversion. Boars (compared to castrates) exhibit more aggressive, sexual, damaging social behaviour and reduced feeding behaviour with a lower prevalence of sickness behaviour as a result of good health and low susceptibility to chronic inflammation. In this review, the behaviours specific for boars as a result of sexual maturity are reviewed, with an overview of differences in the behaviour of surgically castrated barrows, immunocastrates and boars reared in group-housed systems. The raising of boars allows for good welfare of these animals in early life, but later, on reaching sexual maturity, the welfare of boars can be diminished because of their propensity to aggression and more mounting behaviour than castrates. Innovations in the breeding and management of boars are needed to improve their performance and to reduce welfare implications of these animals raised in social groups, and in particular to minimize deviant behaviours towards pen mates.
Empagliflozin Improves Insulin Sensitivity of the Hypothalamus in Humans With Prediabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial
Authors: Kullmann Stephanie , Hummel Julia , Wagner Robert , Dannecker Corinna , Vosseler Andreas , Fritsche Louise , Veit Ralf , Kantartzis Konstantinos , Machann Jürgen , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Stefan Norbert , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Peter Andreas , Preissl Hubert , Fritsche Andreas , Heni Martin
Published: October 2021

Objective: Insulin action in the human brain reduces food
intake, improves whole-body insulin sensitivity, and modulates body fat mass
and its’ distribution. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are often associated with
brain insulin resistance, resulting in impaired brain-derived modulation of
peripheral metabolism. So far, no pharmacological treatment for brain insulin
resistance has been established. Since SGLT2 inhibitors lowers glucose levels
and modulate energy metabolism, we hypothesized that SGLT2 inhibition may be a
pharmacological approach to reverse brain insulin resistance.

Research Design and Methods: In this randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 40 patients (mean ± SD; age: 60 ± 9 years; BMI: 31.5 ± 3.8 kg/m²)
with prediabetes were randomized to receive 25 mg empagliflozin qd or placebo.
Before and after 8 weeks of treatment, brain insulin sensitivity was assessed
by functional MRI combined with intranasal administration of insulin to the
brain.

Results: We identified a significant interaction between
time and treatment in the hypothalamic response to insulin. Post hoc analyses
revealed that only empagliflozin treated patients experienced increased hypothalamic insulin
responsiveness. Hypothalamic insulin action significantly mediated
empagliflozin-induced decrease in fasting glucose and liver fat.

Conclusions: Our results corroborate insulin resistance of
the hypothalamus in humans with prediabetes. Treatment with empagliflozin for 8
weeks was able to restore hypothalamic insulin sensitivity; a favorable
response that could contribute to the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors.
Our findings position SGLT2 inhibition as the first pharmacological approach to
reverse brain insulin resistance, with potential benefits for adiposity and
whole-body metabolism.
Kinas bruk av økonomisk statshåndverk: Hva Kina vil og hva det får til
Authors: Lindgren Petter Y. , Waage Kristin
Published: October 2021

Den fremvoksende supermakten og gigantøkonomien Kina har vist vilje og evne til å ta i bruk økonomiske virkemidler for å forme ikke bare egen region, men også for å skaffe global innflytelse. I dette bokessayet tar vi for oss fire bidrag om ulike sider ved Kinas økonomiske statshåndverk. Bøkene handler om graden av kontroll over kommersielle aktører i Kinas bruk av økonomisk statshåndverk (Norris, 2016), valutahåndverk og Kinas forsøk på å internasjonalisere sin valuta renminbi (Cohen, 2019), Kinas kollektive finanshåndverk gjennom BRICS-samarbeidet (Roberts et al., 2017) og Kinas gigantiske infrastrukturprosjekt (Clarke et al., 2020). Samlet viser bøkene spennet i økonomiske virkemidler Kina har til rådighet. Vi har en klar agenda med lesningen. Vi lurer først på hva som er de innovative aspektene ved bidragene. Dernest bruker vi bøkene til å svare på tre problemstillinger knyttet til Kinas fremvekst og dets økonomiske statshåndverk: (i) hva er Kinas ambisjoner?, (ii) hva gjør Kina? og (iii) leverer Kina på ambisjonene? Til slutt forsøker vi å løfte blikket og diskutere kort hvordan kunnskapstilstanden kan bedres fremover.
Abstract in English:China’s Economic Statecraft: Ambitions, Behavior, and AchievementsThe rise of China as a superpower and economic giant has massive consequences for world politics. China has ambitions and capabilities to make use of its new economic muscles to not only shape its own region but also to increase its influence globally. In this book essay, we analyze four contributions to various facets of Chinese economic statecraft. The books concern the level of control of commercial actors in the Chinese leadership’s economic statecraft (Norris, 2016), currency statecraft and China’s attempts to internationalize its currency (Cohen, 2019), China’s collective financial statecraft through the BRICS cooperation (Roberts et al., 2017), and China’s enormous infrastructure project (Clarke et al., 2020). Taken together, the books show the extensive scope in the economic tools China has at its disposal. We have a clear agenda with our reading. We are predominantly interested in the innovative aspects of the contributions. We also use the books to answer three research questions concerning China’s rise and its economic statecraft: (i) what are China’s ambitions?, (ii) what is China’s behavior?, and (iii) does China achieve its ambitions? Finally, we build on our reading of the contemporary literature on economic statecraft to outline some blind spots in the research field.
Revolusjonens forløpere og konsekvenser
Authors: Eggen Øyvind
Published: October 2021

Det skjer en dreining i utviklingspolitikken som kommer til uttrykk i form av mindre oppmerksomhet på konkrete endringer i lav- og mellominntektsland, og økte ambisjoner om politiske og institusjonelle løsninger på «globalt» nivå. I praksis innebærer dette et brudd med bistandens originale formål og etos, og gjør sannsynligvis bistanden mindre nyttig for bistandens målgrupper. Utviklingen kan forklares med intern dynamikk i utviklingspolitikken og insentiver blant viktige aktører, og er muliggjort delvis fordi aktører som tidligere bidro til å bremse slike avvik fra bistandens originale formål, selv vender oppmerksomhet mot det «globale». Utvikling får lite politisk oppmerksomhet, så lite at vi ikke egentlig vet om dette er en ønsket utvikling fra bevilgende myndigheter (parlamentet) eller ikke. Artikkelforfatteren tar til orde for at det tas grep som sikrer at eventuelt fortsatt dreining av utviklingspolitikken mot globale fellesgoder blir gjenstand for offentlig debatt og politisk bevisste valg.
Abstract in EnglishThe Precursors and Consequences of the RevolutionA trend is seen in Western development policy, in which the attention of key actors drifts away from tangible improvements in low- and medium income countries, towards policy and institutional changes in the global domain, including global public goods. In practice, this is a drift away from the original purpose and ethos of development aid, likely to make aid less useful for its target groups. This article explains the trend by internal dynamics in the development industry, incentives among key actors to move towards ‘the global’, and that actors who used to protest against a ‘mission drift’ in aid have themselves turned their attention towards ‘the global’. The ongoing changes receive little attention, to the extent that we do not really know if they are wanted by parliaments or not. The author suggests mechanisms to ensure that a possible further drift of resources, from development aid’s original purpose towards global common goods, can only happen as a result of explicit political consideration.
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN ASING, KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, LEVERAGE DAN KOMITE AUDIT TERHADAP PEMILIHAN AUDITOR PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR INDUSTRI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Wardani Istiqomah , Indriani Poppy , Fransisca Septiani
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to test whether the influence of foreign ownership, independent commissioners, leverage and audit committee on auditor selections. Using 44 industrial sector companies as populations listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2017. The research hypothesis was tested using logistic regression. The results of the study concluded that foreign ownership, leverage, and audit committees did not affect the selection of auditors, while independent commissioners had a negative effect on the selection of auditors.
Pengaruh kecepatan putar terhadap kualitas sambungan las friction welding magnesium AZ-31
Authors: Rizkhi Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Pengelasan adalah proses penyatuan logam, pada kedua bagian logam dimanadilakukan dengan cara perlakuan panas, yaitu hingga mencapai fase titik leleh logam tersebut, pada prosesnya itu kita lakukan dengan cara memanfaatkan energi panas yang terdapat dari nyala busur atau gesekan. Pengelasan adalah teknik penting didalam dunia perindustrian dan juga merupakan suatu teknik yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari pertumbuhan industri, dikarenakan memegang peranan utama dalam rekayasa dan perbaikan logam. Proses pengelasan degan metode friction welding dilakukan eksperimen dalam jumlah yang banyak untuk mendapatkan sampel terbaik. Dihasilkan Perbedaan kualitas hasil pengelasan dengan friction welding dan parameter perbedaan kecepatan rotasi 1150 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1750 rpm. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian tentang pengaruh variasi waktu kontak friction welding terhadap kualitas hasil pengelasan magnesium AZ-31 dapat diambil kesimpulan dari pengujian tarik yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil kekuatan tarik maksimal (UTS) tertinggi diperoleh dari spesimen dengan variasi kecepatn rotasi 1400 rpm yakni sebesar 21,942 Mpa sedangkan untukspesimen dengan variasi kecepatan putaran spindel 1150 rpm sebesar 20,6165 Mpa dan hasil uji tarik terendah diperoleh spesimen dengan variasi kecepatan spindel 1700rpm yakni sebesar 12,4183 Mpa. Dari pengujian kekerasan yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil kekuatan kekerasan tertinggi diperoleh dari spesimen dengan variasi kecepatn rotasi 1400 rpm dengan rata – rata nilai kekerasan pada area stir zone sebesar 57.1 Hv, sedangkan untuk spesimen dengan variasi kecepatan putaran spindel 1150 rpm sebesar 56.76 Hv dan spesimen dengan variasi kecepatan spindel 1700 rpm yakni sebesar 55.23 Hv.
Perancangan robot pemisah dan penghitung benda logam dengan benda non logam secara otomatis berbasis atmega16
Authors: Afrida Yenni
Published: October 2021

Untuk mempermudah dan menggantikan pekerjaan serta melayani manusia, manusia membuat berbagai macam robot, di sesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan keperluan manusia. Robot adalah peralatan manipulator yang mampu diprogram, mempunyai berbagai fungsi, yang dirancang untuk memindahkan barang, komponen-komponen, peralatan, atau alat-alat khusus, melalui berbagai gerakan terprogram untuk pelaksanaan berbagai pekerjaan. Penelitian ini berisi perancangan robot pemisah dan penghitung benda logam dengan benda non logam secara otomatis dengan tujuan untuk membantu atau mempermudah pekerjaan manusia dalam menyeleksi dan memisahkan benda yang berupa logam dan non logam. Perancangan robot pemisah dan penghitung benda logam dan non logam secara otomatis ini terdiri dari beberapa blok rangkaian yaitu ATmega16 sebagai pengontrol atau pemproses dari robot ini,yang bekerja berdasarkan inputan sensor ultrasonic sebagai perasa keberadaan benda dan metal detector sebagai pendeteksi barang logam atau bukan logam, dan sebagai penggerak dari robot ini menggunakan motor servo, dan dilengkapi LCD 16x2 yang berfungsi sebagai penampil hitungan jumlah benda yang telah di pisahkan.
Pemodelan dispersi udara ambien oleh polutan karbon monoksida sektor transportasi di kota Bandar Lampung
Authors: Ofrial Siti Anugrah Mulya Putri
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini akan memodelkan kualitas udara yang berada pada Lokasi Stasiun ISPU Kota Bandar Lampung yang padat penduduk. Mengidentifikasi dampak polusi kendaraan terhadap lingkungan, dalam rangka mengurangi kebutuhan bahan bakar kendaraan dan emisi yang dikeluarkan. Pengukuran konsentrasi kadar dari CO dilakukan dengan menggunakan CO meter. Data yang didapatkan nantinya akan dikomparasi dengan data stasiun yang didapatkan dari Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (DLH) Provinsi Lampung, kemudian dihitung model dispersinya dengan menggunakan Gaussian Model yang akan digambarkan dengan software Octave. Didapat jarak minimum terbesar bedasarkan kendaraan berbahan bakar bensin sebesar 68,65 meter, sehingga menjadi acuan jarak aman pembangunan pemukiman agar kualitas hidup masyarakat dapat berlangsung dengan baik, yaitu kesehatan masyarakat dapat terjaga dan terhindar dari paparan pencemaran udara, khususnya CO.
Pengaruh waktu dan ukuran partikel pada pengeringan batubara dengan menggunakan gelombang mikro
Authors: Haviz Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Sekitar 40 miliar ton batubara di Indonesia, 45% berada di Pulau Sumatera. Kebanyakan dari batubara tersebut dikategorikan sebagai batubara peringkat rendah dengan 15-31% kandungan Total Moisture (TM). Pada batubara peringkat rendah, proses pengeringan dapat berjalan tidak efektif karena menggunakan energi yang besar pada prosesnya. Dengan menggunakan microwave diharapkan dapat berjalan secara efektif, karena menggunakan frekuensi yang spesifik 2,45 MHz. Berdasarkan hasil Analisa Proksimat, terdapat sekitar 15-16% Total Moisture (TM) pada batubara yang digunakan sebagai objek penelitian ini. Pada penelitian ini, ukuran partikel batubara yang akan dianalisa dibagi menjadi 16-20, 20-40, dan 40-60 mesh  dengan berat yang seragam yaitu 5 gram. Batubara akan diiradiasi selama 5 menit dengan menggunakan oven microwave 400 watt, dan dihitung massanya tiap menit. Kehilangan kadar air paling banyak terjadi pada proses pengeringan batubara ukuran partikel 40-60 mesh selama 5 menit, yaitu sebesar 0,045 gram atau 5,73%.
How Fast Foods Impact Coronary Artery Disease Incidence: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khudayenoor  , Shaheen Ayesha , Fatima Aimen , Saleem Zohaib , Arshad Hafeez , Khan Tayyab Mumtaz , Khan Shahrukh , Sharif Bilal , Mumtaz Madeeha
Published: October 2021

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a very ordinary health problem around the globe. CAD is affected by numerous factors like diabetes, obesity, smoking, gender, and diet. However, the association of CAD with diet is understudied in our region that’s why our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of diet on CAD incidence. This cross-sectional study was completed among local population of Rawalpindi, Pakistan in almost 6 months from November 2020 to April 2021. People were taken in our study via set criteria. Data was collected by self-structured proforma. Data analysis was performed by applying IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were applied for quantitative variables. Statistical tests like Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis were applied to know the association, direction, and strength of study variables. Our current study displays overall high prevalence CAD (17.48%) among study population. Mean value of age for study participants was 45.42 with SD of ±8.01years. Prevalence of CAD was more common among females, faster food eaters and fresh fruit and raw vegetables non-eaters. Gender, fast food, and fresh fruits and vegetables were associated with CHD significantly with p-values 0.030, 0.0007, and 0.0006 respectively. Strength and direction for fast food and CAD association was very strong and positive while for association between fresh fruits and raw vegetables and CAD was very strong and negative with correlation coefficient +0.812 and -0.831 respectively. In a nutshell, current study indicates high prevalence of CAD especially among females, fast food eaters and fresh fruits and raw vegetables non-eaters. Higher consumption of fast foods leads to higher incidence of CAD and vice versa while higher consumption of fresh fruits and raw vegetables bring down the incidence of CAD incidence and vice versa. So, we need to create awareness among people about the impact of food on CAD and gender specific interventions for each gender to lower down the CAD incidence.