bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Marketplace Policy on Welcome Mat Effects for Children Eligible for Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program
Authors: Hudson Julie L. , Moriya Asako S.
Published: November 2020

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) required coordination between Marketplaces, Medicaid, and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) in an effort to streamline application processes and improve enrollment. We use 2013-2018 data from the American Community Survey and difference-in-difference models to estimate the relationship between Marketplace policy and increases in Medicaid/CHIP coverage observed among pre-ACA eligible children after the implementation of the ACA (“welcome mat effects”). Our sample includes non-disabled, citizen children (0-18) at 139-250% FPL who were Medicaid-/CHIP-eligible before (and after) the implementation of the ACA. Marketplace policies studied include state-based versus federally-facilitated, and whether the Marketplace had authority to directly enroll Medicaid-/CHIP-eligible applicants into public coverage. Models also control for ACA adult Medicaid expansion policy and provide the first estimates in this literature for non-expansion states. Welcome mat effects were present among all Marketplace and expansion policy categories. However, public coverage increased more in states that empowered their Marketplace to enroll publicly-eligible applicants directly into Medicaid/CHIP and these results were driven by enrollment policy, not by choice of state-based versus federal based Marketplaces. Welcome mat effects were largest in expansion states (for most years) and among children whose parents did not hold employer-sponsored insurance coverage. Ranging from 9 to 13 percentage points, these estimates are larger than those found among other subgroups of children in the welcome mat literature. Although there is evidence of lagged effects for both welcome mat effects and the role of Marketplace policy in non-expansion states, by 2018 we find no differences in these measures by expansion policy.
Antecedents of Trust and Adoption Intention toward Artificially Intelligent Recommendation Systems in Travel Planning: A Heuristic–Systematic Model
Authors: Shi Si , Gong Yuhuang , Gursoy Dogan
Published: November 2020

Drawing on the dual process theory, this study investigates the impacts of systematic and heuristic cues on travelers’ cognitive trust, emotional trust, and adoption intention toward artificial intelligence (AI)–based recommendation systems in travel planning. The moderating effect of perceived risk is also examined. Two studies with both scenario-based surveys and lab experiment approaches are conducted. Findings suggest that while travelers utilize both systematic and heuristic cues, effects of systematic cues on adoption as a decision aid is stronger than the effects of heuristic cues. Emotional trust has a stronger impact on intention to adopt as a delegated agent than cognitive trust. Perceived risk moderates the relationships between systematic and heuristic cues, trust, and adoption intentions. When travelers perceive high risk, they rely more on systematic cues through building cognitive trust. However, when the level of perceived risk is low, travelers depend more on heuristic cues through establishing emotional trust.
COVID-19 in missiological and historical perspective
Authors: Hartley Benjamin L , Danielson Robert A , Krabill James R
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 is affecting Christian mission in many different ways. Doubtless it is inspiring some people to initiate new mission efforts, while in other contexts it is causing thriving mission to change radically or cease altogether. In this forum article, three missiologists write essays about how mission was affected during the influenza pandemic of 1918–1919, the event most frequently compared to COVID-19 for its similarly worldwide scope. James Krabill’s essay describes how the earlier influenza pandemic led to renewed spiritual vigor in Nigeria and the establishment of several new denominations in West Africa, which remain influential today. Robert Danielson’s essay examines how a ministry to sailors in the early 20th century, known as the Floating Christian Endeavor, was negatively impacted by the influenza pandemic. This article concludes with Benjamin Hartley’s story of how the life of John R Mott, perhaps the most famous world Christian statesman in 1918, was also affected by the influenza’s scourge. These historical essays provide both inspiration and consolation for contemporary mission initiatives as missiologists and other Christian leaders seek to respond to the crises of their own day.
Do the Effects of Police Body-Worn Cameras on Use of Force and Complaints Change Over Time? Results From a Panel Analysis in the Milwaukee Police Department
Authors: Peterson Bryce E. , Lawrence Daniel S.
Published: November 2020

Police body-worn cameras (BWCs) can help improve transparency, accountability, and policing behaviors. This study extends prior BWC research by using a panel analysis design with a measure of treatment duration to examine how the effects of BWCs change over time. Using data from the Milwaukee Police Department ( N = 1,009), we propose and test two competing hypotheses: The program maturity hypothesis suggests that BWCs will be more effective at reducing use of force and complaints over time, whereas the program fatigue hypothesis expects BWCs to be less effective the longer officers wear BWCs. We find that BWCs reduced complaints overall and that, over time, each additional month with a camera resulted in 6% fewer complaints. There was no overall relationship between BWCs and use of force, but our treatment duration model suggests that there was an immediate decrease in use of force incidents, followed by a gradual increase in subsequent months.
Clinical Appraisals of Individual Differences in Treatment Responsivity Among Patients With Psychopathy: A Consensual Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Klein Haneveld Evelyn , Smid Wineke , Timmer Kelsey , Kamphuis Jan H.
Published: November 2020

This study addressed which factors expert clinicians consider crucial in successful completion versus dropout in the mandatory forensic psychiatric treatment of psychopathic patients in the Netherlands. Eleven clinicians were interviewed about patient characteristics, treatment (provider) characteristics, and other factors they deemed associated with failure (transfer to another facility) or completion. The interviews were coded using the guidelines of Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR). Overall, extremely high scores on Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) Facets 1 (Deceitful Interpersonal Style) and 2 (Defective Affective Experience) were thought to impede treatment retention, particularly by its negative impact on motivation and therapeutic relationship. Older patients, those with a prosocial network, and/or patients with comorbid borderline traits appeared to fare better. Treatment success was deemed more likely when treatment goals and expectations are stipulated in a concrete fashion, when an extended and gradual resocialization trajectory is offered, and the treatment team is expert, cohesive, and stable.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss After Surgery to Treat Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Lee Dohee , Kim Yoonho , Kim Dong-Kee
Published: November 2020

Objective:

We investigated the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) after chronic otitis media (COM) surgery and determined the associated factors.

Methods:

Data were collected via retrospective medical chart review.

Results:

Of the 192 patients, 82 underwent tympanoplasty, 26 underwent canal wall up mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty, and 84 underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty. After surgery, the average air conduction (AC) hearing threshold improved significantly, from 125 to 1000 Hz, but the average high-frequency AC and bone conduction (BC) hearing thresholds deteriorated significantly. In 21 (11%) cases, the BC hearing threshold worsened by more than 15 dB at 4000 Hz. When we compared these 21 cases to patients in whom hearing was preserved, the former group was found to be significantly younger and had a higher frequency of cholesteatomatous otitis media. However, when comparing the severity of inflammation in patients with temporal bone computed tomography, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:

High-frequency SNHL may develop after surgery to treat COM, especially in young patients with cholesteatoma.
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of False Vocal Cord: Case Report
Authors: Lu Guowei , Zhang Qiang
Published: November 2020

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a malignant tumor formed by monoclonal abnormal proliferation of plasma cells, which is mainly characterized by localized masses and very rare in the larynx, particularly in the false vocal cord. We present a larynx EMP that arises from the false cord without systematic involvement. After surgical resection, the patient received adjuvant radiotherapy and was recurrence-free during the 8-month follow-up.
ENT Manifestations of Celiac Disease: A Scholarly Review
Authors: Karunaratne Dilhara , Karunaratne Nisal
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

Celiac disease is a common multisystemic autoimmune disorder. It is now increasingly recognized that it may present with extraintestinal manifestations which contribute to the difficulty in its diagnosis. The objective of this scholarly review was to examine the extraintestinal ENT manifestations of celiac disease and its pathophysiology and management, in order to highlight that some patients with celiac disease may present initially to the otolaryngologist. Improving awareness of celiac disease among otolaryngologists may aid in the correct diagnosis and correct management plan.

Methods:

A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database to identify original articles related to celiac disease and ENT manifestations between the years 2000 and 2020. The search was performed using the search string: (“coeliac disease” OR “celiac disease”) AND (“ENT manifestations” OR “hearing loss” OR “epistaxis” OR “nasal septal perforation” OR “obstructive sleep apnoea” OR “vertigo” OR “tonsillitis” OR “sinusitis”). Only articles written in English were reviewed.

Results:

A total of 17 papers met the inclusion criteria. Extraintestinal ENT manifestations of celiac disease include sensorineural hearing loss, obstructive sleep apnea, nasal septal perforation, epistaxis, and vertigo with nystagmus. Sensorineural hearing loss, obstructive sleep apnea, nasal septal perforation, vertigo, and nystagmus are thought to result from immunologically mediated mechanisms, with intestinal malabsorption resulting in epistaxis.

Conclusions:

Celiac disease can cause extraintestinal ENT manifestations and requires a high index of suspicion from the otolaryngologist to diagnose and suitably manage. A gluten-free diet may result in sufficient symptom resolution for most manifestations. Sensorineural hearing loss due to celiac disease appears to be progressive and permanent and may require frequent audiological monitoring.
Flexible Computerized Adaptive Tests to Detect Misconceptions and Estimate Ability Simultaneously
Authors: Bao Yu , Shen Yawei , Wang Shiyu , Bradshaw Laine
Published: November 2020

The Scaling Individuals and Classifying Misconceptions (SICM) model is an advanced psychometric model that can provide feedback to examinees’ misconceptions and a general ability simultaneously. These two types of feedback are represented by a discrete and a continuous latent variable, respectively, in the SICM model. The complex structure of the SICM model brings difficulties in estimating both misconception profile and ability efficiently in a linear test. To overcome this challenge, this study proposes a flexible computerized adaptive test (FCAT) design as a new test delivery method to increase test efficiency by administering an individualized test to examinees. We propose three item selection methods and two transition criteria to determine adaptive steps based on the needs of estimating one or two latent variables. Through two simulation studies, we demonstrate how to select an appropriate item selection method for an adaptive step and what transition criterion should be used between two adaptive steps. Results reveal the combination of the item selection method and the transition criterion could improve the estimation accuracy of a specific latent variable to a different extent and thus provide further guidance in designing an FCAT.
The Resource-Based View and Learning Theory: Overlaps, Differences, and a Shared Future
Authors: Greve Henrich R.
Published: November 2020

The resource-based view and learning theory have developed independently but still have important areas of theoretical overlap, especially in central assumptions, such as how organizational differences, path dependence, and complex social technologies shape strategy. In addition, they have divergent and complementary theory, with major differences stemming from organizational learning focusing on behaviors rather than resources and organizing its research based on the sources of learning and the triggers of learning. Two research streams in organizational learning with particular implications for the resource-based view are the work on problemistic search and the work on interorganizational imitation. Both are expected to develop quickly as a result of the necessary interaction between research based on organizational theory and strategic management. They are promising areas of investigation for the resource-based view of the firm that can help distinguish the sources of sustainable competitive advantage and the importance of enduring competitive advantage.
Expectation Gap Analysis in Corporate Financial Reporting Practices in India
Authors: Deb Rajat , Debnath Pallad , Pal Ananda Mohan
Published: November 2020

This article assesses the expectation gap of the practitioners and investors, if any, on the selected four parameters regarding India’s corporate reporting practices and in a curtail period of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence transition. Related literature has validated the primary goal of the International Accounting Standard Board to reduce accounting treatment heterogeneity and to reduce information asymmetry by harmonizing the national GAAP into IFRS through adoptions or convergences. India, for multiple reasons, has preferred the convergence route, and the converged versions of IFRS (Ind-AS) have been implemented during the financial year from 2016 to 2017 for the selected industries. For executing the study, it has framed a self-administered questionnaire for conducting an online survey between the two groups of sample respondents chosen through non-probability sampling methods. The questionnaire has been pretested for assaying its reliability and validity before the final survey. The study has concluded that before the outsets of the convergence expectation gap were existed which unlikely to reduce even after the IFRS convergence. Finally, it has acknowledged few limitations, indicated practical implications and sketched the future research road map.

JEL Codes: C83, M41
India in the United States Press: Framing US South Asia policy
Authors: Mazumdar Abhijit
Published: November 2020

This article employs qualitative research to examine the media depiction of India in The Washington Post after the Cold War. The published literature has laid out that India and the USA became allies on a host of issues in recent decades. Using indexing theory and framing as a theoretical construct, this research identified key themes in the news reporting about India over a 24-year-period, finding that the press portrayals match the academic literature. The research methodology employed confirms that indexing theory remains a viable research tool for examining high-quality press coverage.
Remittance arrangements within India and Covid-19: Kerala’s Migrant Construction workers from West Bengal
Authors: Reja Md Selim , Das Bhaswati
Published: November 2020

This article highlights emerging patterns of domestic remittance arrangements among migrant construction workers from West Bengal in Kerala that have now become defunct because of COVID-19. Earlier field surveys and in-depth interviews showed how Bengali migrant construction workers, relying on networks of friendship and trust, were learning to remit through formal channels, in contrast with many micro-studies showing the dominant role of informal channels in domestic remittances. High wage rates in Kerala enabled such migrant construction workers to send significant amounts, used for productive activities besides household expenses. However, there were significant changes in arrangements, before COVID-19 enforced a dramatic suspension of remittances, raising important questions about future possibilities.
Connect the people and the knowledge will flow – My recipe for building strong, knowledge sharing communities of peers
Authors: Kinder Nancy
Published: November 2020

2020 has been described often as the year of disruption and I am confident I will look back on this year and be proud that knowledge sharing communities have helped to unlock new ways of working in organisations to adjust to the distruption. I have learned that these community connections have helped to leverage existing knowledge, enabled collaboration and co-creation of new knowledge. These achievements all done virtually, delivering quality results, faster than ever before. In my experience, the leaders of these communities might be subject matter experts, but often have fallen into their roles. As such they would benefit from some peer guidance and support. In this article, I share my experience, recommend some simple ways to help develop an open mindset to support knowledge sharing communities, and enable the flow of knowledge in your organisation.
Ketamine: A tale of two enantiomers
Authors: Jelen Luke A , Young Allan H , Stone James M
Published: November 2020

The discovery of the rapid antidepressant effects of the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine, an uncompetitive N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antagonist, is arguably the most important breakthrough in depression research in the last 50 years. Ketamine remains an off-label treatment for treatment-resistant depression with factors that limit widespread use including its dissociative effects and abuse potential. Ketamine is a racemic mixture, composed of equal amounts of (S)-ketamine and (R)-ketamine. An (S)-ketamine nasal spray has been developed and approved for use in treatment-resistant depression in the United States and Europe; however, some concerns regarding efficacy and side effects remain. Although (R)-ketamine is a less potent N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antagonist than (S)-ketamine, increasing preclinical evidence suggests (R)-ketamine may have more potent and longer lasting antidepressant effects than (S)-ketamine, alongside fewer side effects. Furthermore, a recent pilot trial of (R)-ketamine has demonstrated rapid-acting and sustained antidepressant effects in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. Research is ongoing to determine the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of ketamine and its component enantiomers in an effort to develop future rapid-acting antidepressants that lack undesirable effects. Here, we briefly review findings regarding the antidepressant effects of ketamine and its enantiomers before considering underlying mechanisms including N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antagonism, γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuron inhibition, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic receptor activation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin kinase B signalling, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signalling, inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 and inhibition of lateral habenula bursting, alongside potential roles of the monoaminergic and opioid receptor systems.
Optimal sequences and sequence parameters for GBCA-enhanced MRI of the glymphatic system: a systematic literature review
Authors: Mijnders Liesje SP , Steup Feline WR , Lindhout Mette , van der Kleij Paul A , Brink Wyger M , van der Molen Aart J
Published: November 2020

Background

The glymphatic system (GS) is a recently discovered waste clearance system in the brain.

Purpose

To evaluate the most promising magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence(s) and the most optimal sequence parameters for glymphatic MRI (gMRI) 4–24 h after administration of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA).

Material and Methods

Multiple literature databases were systematically searched for articles regarding gMRI or MRI of the perilymph in the inner ear until 11 May 2020. All relevant MRI sequence parameters were tabulated for qualitative analysis. Their potential was assessed based on detection of low dose GBCA, primarily measured as signal intensity (SI) ratio.

Results

Thirty articles were included in the analysis. Three-dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR), 3D Real Inversion Recovery (3D-Real IR), and multiple 3D T1-weighted gradient echo sequences were used. In perilymph, 3D-FLAIR with a TE of at least 400 ms yielded the highest SIRs. In the qualitative analysis of inner ear studies using 3D-FLAIR, TR was in the range of 4400–10,000 ms, TI 1500–2600 ms, refocusing flip angle (rFA) (range 120°–180°), and echo train length (ETL) 23–173. In the gMRI studies, quantitative analysis was not possible. In the qualitative analysis, 3D-FLAIR was used in the majority (8/12) of the studies, usually with TR 4800–9000 ms, TI 1650–2500 ms, TE 311–561 ms, rFA 90°–120°, and ETL 167–278.

Conclusion

Long TE 3D-FLAIR is the most promising sequence for detection of low-dose GBCA in the GS. Clinical and/or phantom studies on other MRI parameters are needed for further optimization of gMRI.
Effects of cabozantinib on bone turnover markers in real-world metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ratta Raffaele , Verzoni Elena , Mennitto Alessia , Pantano Francesco , Martinetti Antonia , Raimondi Alessandra , Sepe Pierangela , Sottotetti Elisa , Mennitto Roberta , Morelli Daniele , Santini Daniele , de Braud Filippo G. , Procopio Giuseppe
Published: November 2020

Background:

Cabozantinib strongly inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro. We aimed to evaluate its effect on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Methods:

This is a monocentric prospective study on patients with mRCC treated with cabozantinib between October 2016 and July 2018. We collected blood samples at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. We compared sets of data obtained from plasma samples in the whole population with unpaired 2-tailed Student t tests and data for a subset of patients for which all timepoints were available with paired 2-tailed Student t tests. We used the Kaplan-Meier method for survival analyses and the log-rank test to compare the curves.

Results:

Our analysis included 39 patients. At month 3, the mean C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen (CTx) and the mean N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (PINP) levels were significantly decreased in the whole population ( p = 0.013 and p < 0.0001, respectively), as well as at paired analysis ( p = 0.015 and p = 0.045, respectively). No differences were observed between baseline and 6 months ( p = 0.053 and p = 0.087, respectively). After 3 months, the mean parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels significantly increased in the whole population ( p = 0.004), as well as at paired analysis; the mean PTH levels increased significantly at 3 and 6 months, respectively ( p = 0.019 and p = 0.041, respectively). Changes in BTM levels were not associated with outcome.

Conclusions:

Cabozantinib significantly reduced bone resorption as demonstrated by the decrease of CTx and showed a transient secondary increase of PTH.
The Climate Change-Temperature-Crime Hypothesis: Evidence from a Sample of 15 Large US Cities, 2002 to 2015
Authors: Lynch Michael J. , Stretesky Paul B. , Long Michael A. , Barrett Kimberly L.
Published: November 2020

Drawing on prior studies, green criminologists have hypothesized that climate change will both raise the mean temperature and the level of crime. We call this the “climate change-temperature-crime hypothesis” (“CC-T-C”). This hypothesis is an extension of research performed on temperature and crime at the individual level. Other research explores this relationship by testing for the relationship between seasonality and crime within a given period of time (i.e., within years). Climate change, however, produces small changes in temperature over long periods of time, and in this view, the effect of climate change on crime should be assessed across and not within years. In addition, prior CC-T-C studies sometimes employ large geographic aggregations (e.g., the entire whole United States), which masks the CC-T-C association that appears at lower levels of aggregation. Moreover, globally, crime has declined across nations since the early 1990s, during a period of rising mean global temperatures, suggesting that the CC-T-C hypothesis does not fit the general trends in temperature and crime over time. Addressing these issues, the present study assesses the CC-T-C relationship for a sample of 15 large ( N = 15) US cities over a 14-year period. Given the CC-T-C hypothesis parameters, we assessed this relationship using correlations between individual crime and temperature trends for each city. Crime trends were measured by both the number and rate of eight Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Part I crimes, so that for each city, there are 16 crime-temperature correlations. Using a liberal p value ( p = .10), the temperature-crime correlations were rejected as insignificant in 220 of the 234 tests (94%). We discuss the Implications of this finding and suggest that rather than focusing on the temperature-crime relationship, green criminologists interested in the deleterious effects of climate change draw attention to its larger social, economic, environmental and ecological justice implications.
Law-Enforcement Challenges, Responses and Collaborations Concerning Environmental Crimes and Harms in Bangladesh
Authors: Faroque Sarker , South Nigel
Published: November 2020

As Kailemia observes, “environmental crimes are an area of increasing concern, not only because of [their] globalized nature” but because these crimes have “impacts beyond the capacity of criminal justice systems of most states to comprehend or address.” How then can criminal justice agencies, particularly in the global south, respond to national and transnational environmental challenges? This paper takes the case of Bangladesh and outlines examples of anthropogenic activities that are destroying biodiversity and polluting the environment in this country. It then situates these crimes and harms in the context of environmental law, and the work of police and environment agencies, in Bangladesh. The paper concludes with a consideration of future options for environmental law enforcement in Bangladesh.
Diagnostic Moderators of the Risk-Recidivism Relationship for Offenders with Mental Illness
Authors: Carr William Amory , Baker Amy Nicole , Cassidy James J.
Published: November 2020

Recent research suggests that early onset of criminality is a potential marker for a subgroup of offenders with mental illness (OMI) for whom general risk/need factors are more relevant. The present study examines whether the presence of certain psychiatric diagnostic categories (i.e., Psychotic Disorders, Mood Disorders, Personality Disorders, Substance use Disorders) moderates the prediction of arrest outcomes using Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) total scores in an archival sample of N = 179 OMI probationers. Moderator analyses demonstrated that LSI-R total scores predicted arrest outcomes significantly better for those with a diagnosis of Personality Disorder using path and survival analytic methods. Hierarchical regressions using LSI-R subscales as predictors revealed lower pro-criminal Attitudes for Mood Disordered participants, while more severe Criminal History and Family/Marital problems characterized those diagnosed with Personality Disorders. This study adds to the developing literature on subgroups of OMI for whom general risk/need factors are particularly important and highlights personality disturbance as another potential characterizing feature.
Patterns of Necrophilic Behaviors in Sexual Homicide: A Criminological Perspective
Authors: Chopin Julien , Beauregard Eric
Published: November 2020

This study aims to empirically explore the patterns of necrophilic behaviors in sexual homicide. More specifically, the study investigates offender, victim, and crime characteristics of sexual homicides where necrophilic acts were perpetrated, to determine whether the primary motivation to kill is associated with the attainment of corpses or whether the post-mortem sexual acts were secondary deviant behaviors. The sample used in this study consists of 109 cases of extrafamilial sexual homicides where post-mortem sexual acts were committed by offenders. Latent class analysis was used to examine each step of the crime-commission process of sexual homicide offenders involved in necrophilic behaviors. Our findings suggest that there are four different patterns of necrophilia in sexual homicide: Opportunistic, experimental, preferential, and sadistic. Preferential offenders are the only ones who specifically kill their victims in order to have sex with their corpses, while for sadistic, experimental, and opportunistic offenders post-mortem sexual acts were part of a secondary deviant process. Practical implications in terms of criminal investigations and offenders’ treatment are discussed.
A systematic review of internet-based interventions for women with chronic pain
Authors: Ariza-Mateos María José , Cabrera-Martos Irene , Prados-Román Esther , Granados-Santiago María , Rodríguez-Torres Janet , Carmen Valenza Marie
Published: November 2020

Introduction

To evaluate the effects of internet-based interventions on physical and psychosocial outcomes in women with chronic pain through a systematic review.

Method

A search of the following electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Two different authors separately tabulated the indices selected in identical predetermined forms. The methodological quality of all randomised trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias.

Results

Seven articles were finally included. The main features of interventions included online cognitive-behavioural and/or psychoeducation therapy to improve health with an interactive component. The methodological quality showed a high risk of bias, mainly from a lack of blinding.

Conclusion

There are indicators that suggest that internet-based interventions may be useful for women with chronic pain. However, the validity of such a conclusion is limited as most trials included had a high risk of bias. More rigorous research is required before stating that such interventions can overcome the current limitations of traditional face-to-face care.
Progress in the study of health inequalities and selective migration: Mobilising the new mobilities paradigm
Authors: Darlington-Pollock Frances , Peters Kimberley
Published: November 2020

This paper seeks to deepen understandings of the relations between health inequalities and migration, with a particular emphasis on health-selective migration. Papers in this journal have urged for a more nuanced consideration of connections between migration and health but these have not seen-through how to combine understandings of health and migration to better theorise their relations. A strong theoretical basis regarding the politics of mobilities can help say more of the structural factors shaping health-selective migration and therefore, changing health gradients in a population.
Political geography 1: Extractions
Authors: Fluri Jennifer L.
Published: November 2020

This progress report incorporates the concept of extraction as an umbrella term for political and geopolitical analyses of the spaces, sites, settings, and scales of power, authority, influence, and resistance. The political geographies of extraction discussed in this report include an assemblage of human-and-nonhuman actors across divergent epistemologies and ontologies, as well as forms of recognition, representation, and repression within and across states, borders, and spatial scales. The research surveyed here covers both state and non-state actors to address national and corporate methods commensurate with ongoing and new conflicts over resources, how they are extracted, conserved, distributed, shared, and hoarded.
The prevalence of lower limb loss in children and associated costs of prosthetic devices: A national study of commercial insurance claims
Authors: McLarney Mitra , Pezzin Liliana E , McGinley Emily L , Prosser Laura , Dillingham Timothy R
Published: November 2020

Background:

Although the incidence of major pediatric lower limb loss secondary to either congenital deficiencies or acquired amputations is relatively low, the prevalence of lower limb loss among children in the United States (US) remains unknown.

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence of major lower limb loss, and the associated prosthetic services use and costs among commercially-insured children in the US.

Study design:

Observational, retrospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Methods:

The IBM MarketScan
®
Commercial Database was used to identify children (<18 years) with major lower limb loss in the US between 2009 and 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize pediatric cases according to sociodemographic and limb loss characteristics. Multivariate models assessed factors associated with annual prosthetic visits, prosthetic-related costs, and overall medical costs.

Results:

Of the 36.5 million children in the MarketScan database, 14,038 had a major lower limb loss, yielding a prevalence estimate of 38.5 cases per 100,000 commercially insured children in the US during the 7-year study period. Congenital deficiencies accounted for 84% of cases, followed by 13.5% from trauma. Only 10.1% had at least one prosthesis-related visit during any 12-month period following their cohort entry. Among those, the mean annual prosthetic-related costs ranged from $50 to $29,112 with a median annual cost of $2778 (interquartile range = $4567). Annual coinsurance and copays for prosthetic services accounted for nearly half of the overall annual out-of-pocket outlays with medical care for these children.

Conclusion:

Pediatric lower limb loss results in lifelong prosthetic needs. This study informs insurers and policy-makers regarding the prevalence of these patients and the medical costs for their care.
Performance of Impure Calcined Clay as a Pozzolan in Concrete
Authors: Jafari Khashayar , Rajabipour Farshad
Published: November 2020

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are natural or industrial by-product materials which are used to improve the performance, durability, and sustainability of concrete mixtures. Motivated by the recent reports on shortage of conventional SCMs, impure calcined clays (CCs) are receiving attention as abundant alternative pozzolans for concrete. In this study, a clay slurry resulting from washing aggregates in a commercial sand and gravel pit was investigated. This source clay was dried and calcined, and the properties and pozzolanic performance of the resulting CC was evaluated. It was observed that despite having a large (>50%wt.) inert quartz content, the CC met all ASTM C618-19 (AASHTO M295) requirements for natural pozzolan. A pavement-grade concrete mixture containing 20%CC as a cement replacement (by weight) produced desired workability and fresh and hardened air content. Strength development was slightly below the control. The use of CC improved the durability of concrete with respect to chloride penetration, alkali–silica reaction, and drying shrinkage in comparison with a control (100% Portland cement) mixture. In addition, ternary limestone-calcined clay–cement and slag-calcined clay–cement mortar mixtures showed excellent strength development while replacing nearly 50% of the Portland cement.
High Load Jacking Frames for Pin and Hanger Replacement at the Robert Moses Causeway
Authors: Han Liwei , Ye Qi , Wei Dan
Published: November 2020

An innovative design of jacking frames was developed for pin and hanger replacement in Robert Moses Causeway (RMC) bridge in Suffolk County, New York. The robust and efficient design of the jacking frames results in a system with improved safety, performance, constructability, and economy. A fully integrated approach for design, fabrication, and construction was employed for higher quality and efficiency. A detailed and precise 3D model was created and directly used for finite element (FE) modeling, producing contract and shop drawings, and designing of temporary work platforms. This paper provides an overview of the integrated design approach and system design, and documents the computational study for this system (global analysis, stress analysis, and large-displacement stability analysis). There are many aging steel bridges in the U.S. and abroad that have similar pin and hanger systems, and jacking frames will be needed to replace those pins and hangers when they exhaust their useful service life. The concepts and details of the jacking frames can easily be emulated by engineers for developing similar safe and robust systems for suspended truss spans and other applicable bridge structures.
Traffic and Welfare Impacts of Credit-Based Congestion Pricing Applications: An Austin Case Study
Authors: (Vivian) Li Weijia , Kockelman Kara M. , Huang Yantao
Published: November 2020

This study seeks smart credit-based congestion pricing (CBCP) solutions for maximally improving travelers’ welfare by varying toll levels and locations across the Austin, Texas network. Scenarios evaluated include selecting links with maximum delays by variably tolling bridges and by recognizing congestion externalities across all links. Travel demand models deliver inputs for normalized logsum differences to quantify and compare consumer surplus changes across traveler types, around the region. Results suggest limited tolling locations under four broad times of day can do more harm than good, unless travelers shift out of the PM and AM peak periods or revenues are returned to travelers as credits. When using CBCP across all congested links at congested times of day (with 10% of revenues retained to cover system administrative costs), an average net benefit of $1.61 per licensed driver per weekday is estimated, with almost all travelers benefiting. For example, 95% of the traffic analysis zones’ lowest value of travel time (VOTT) group (VOTT1 = $5/hour) are expected to benefit from the CBCP policy. Tolling at twice the difference between marginal social cost and average travel cost (on each subset of congested links) appears to benefit more people, although tolling high on various links adds to congestion elsewhere. For example: tolling Austin’s highest-delay-producing or “top 500” links is estimated to benefit 98.5% of the zones’ highest VOTT (VOTT5 = $45/hour) travelers, while raising vehicle-miles traveled by just 0.8% (as a result of more circuitous, congestion- and toll-avoiding travel).
Linking Residential Parking to Automobile Transportation Impact Outcomes at a Development Level
Authors: Currans Kristina M. , Abou-Zeid Gabriella , Iroz-Elardo Nicole
Published: November 2020

Although there exists a well-studied relationship between parking policies and automobile demand, conventional practices evaluating the transportation impacts of new land development tend to ignore this. In this paper, we: (a) explore literature linking parking policies and vehicle use (including vehicle trip generation, vehicle miles traveled [VMT], and trip length) through the lens of development-level evaluations (e.g., transportation impact analyses [TIA]); (b) develop a conceptual map linking development-level parking characteristics and vehicle use outcomes based on previously supported theory and frameworks; and (c) evaluate and discuss the conventional approach to identify the steps needed to operationalize this link, specifically for residential development. Our findings indicate a significant and noteworthy dearth of studies incorporating parking constraints into travel behavior studies—including, but not limited to: parking supply, costs or pricing, and travel demand management strategies such as the impacts of (un)bundled parking in housing costs. Disregarding parking in TIAs ignores a significant indicator in automobile use. Further, unconstrained parking may encourage increases in car ownership, vehicle trips, and VMT in areas with robust alternative-mode networks and accessibility, thus creating greater demand for vehicle travel than would otherwise occur. The conceptual map offers a means for operationalizing the links between: the built environment; socio-economic and demographic characteristics; fixed and variable travel costs; and vehicle use. Implications for practice and future research are explored.
Foot Core Training to Prevent Running-Related Injuries: A Survival Analysis of a Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Taddei Ulisses T. , Matias Alessandra B. , Duarte Marcos , Sacco Isabel C.N.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Running-related injuries (RRIs) are a pervasive menace that can interrupt or end the participation of recreational runners in this healthy physical activity. To date, no satisfactory treatment has been developed to prevent RRIs.

Purpose:

To investigate the efficacy of a novel foot core strengthening protocol based on a ground-up approach to reduce the incidence of RRIs in recreational long-distance runners over the course of a 1-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

The participants, 118 runners, were assessed at baseline and randomly allocated to either an intervention group (n = 57) or a control group (n = 61). The intervention group received an 8-week training course focused on the foot-ankle muscles, followed by remotely supervised training thereafter. Assessments consisted of 3 separate biomechanical evaluations of foot strength and foot posture and a weekly report on each participant’s running distance, pace, and injury incidence over 12 months.

Results:

The control group participants were 2.42 times (95% CI, 1.98-3.62) more likely to experience an RRI within the 12-month study period than participants in the intervention group ( P = .035). Time to injury was significantly correlated with Foot Posture Index ( P = .031; r = 0.41) and foot strength gain ( P = .044; r = 0.45) scores. This foot exercise program showed evidence of effective RRI risk reduction in recreational runners at 4 to 8 months of training.

Conclusion:

Recreational runners randomized to the new foot core strengthening protocol had a 2.42-fold lower rate of RRIs compared with the control group. Further studies are recommended to better understand the underlying biomechanical mechanisms of injury, types of injuries, and subgroups of runners who might benefit maximally.

Registration:

NCT02306148 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Patterns and Predictors of Reincarceration among Prisoners with Serious Mental Illness: A Cohort Study: Modèles et prédicteurs de réincarcération chez les prisonniers souffrant de maladie mentale grave : Une étude de cohorte
Authors: Jones Roland M. , Manetsch Madleina , Gerritsen Cory , Simpson Alexander I. F.
Published: November 2020

Background:

A small proportion of people who have serious mental illness and rapid and frequent incarcerations account for a disproportionate amount of overall service use and cost. It is important to describe such individuals, so that services can respond more effectively.

Methods:

We investigated a cohort of 4,704 incarcerated men and women who were discharged from a correctional mental health service and followed for a median of 535 days. We investigated social, clinical, demographic, and offense characteristics as predictors of return to the service using Cox survival analyses. Secondly, we characterized individuals as high-frequency service users as those who had 3 or more incarcerations during a 1-year period and investigated their characteristics.

Results:

We found that a higher rate of return to custody was associated with schizophrenia spectrum/bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), personality disorder traits, crack cocaine and methamphetamine use, and unstable housing. Charges of theft/robbery and breach of probation were also positively associated, and sex assault was negatively associated with return to custody. Within a 1-year time period, we found 7.2% of individuals were high-frequency service users, which accounted for 19.5% of all reincarcerations.

Conclusion:

Identification of the characteristics of those with mental illness in custody, especially those who have high-frequency returns to custody, may provide opportunity to target resources more effectively. The primary targets of intervention would be to treat those with schizophrenia/BPAD and substance use problems, particularly those using stimulants, and addressing homelessness. This could reduce the problem of repeated criminalization of the mentally ill and reduce the overall incarceration rate.
Child Sexual Abuse and Age at Onset of Psychotic Disorders: A Matched-cohort Study: L’âge d’apparition des troubles psychotiques chez les victimes d’agression sexuelle à l’enfance: Une étude prospective de cohortes appariées
Authors: Bourgeois Catherine , Lecomte Tania , McDuff Pierre , Daigneault Isabelle
Published: November 2020

Objective:

Victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) present with a higher risk of psychotic disorders. However, the developmental course of psychosis following CSA, such as the age at onset, remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether the age at onset of psychotic disorders was influenced by sexual abuse, sex, and confounding factors (substance misuse, intellectual disability, and socioeconomic status).

Method:

A prospective matched-cohort design was used, with administrative databases from a child protection agency (CPA) and a public health system. Children who received a substantiated report of CSA at the CPA and whose health data could be retrieved were selected ( n = 882) and matched with children from the general population using their date of birth, sex, and geographical area. Survival analysis was performed to estimate the association between sexual abuse, sex, and confounding factors and the age at onset of psychotic disorders.

Results:

Sexual abuse and substance misuse are significantly associated with the age at onset of psychotic disorders. In the sexually abused group, only substance misuse is associated with the age at onset of psychotic disorders, but this was not significant for the general population.

Conclusions:

These findings highlight the importance of prevention of psychotic disorders among sexually abused youth, especially those with a substance misuse diagnosis.