bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrasting avoidance - tolerance in heat stress response from thermally contrasting climates in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Nana , Carlucci Philip , Nguyen Joshua , Hayes-Jackson Jai-W , Tonsor Stephen
Published: March 2016

Plants ameliorate heat stress by avoiding heat loading, reducing tissue temperature through evaporative cooling, and/or through tolerance, i.e. maintaining function at high temperature. HereArabidopsis thaliananatural populations from two ends of an elevation gradient in NE Spain were used to ask: do plants from contrasting climates 1) show genetically based differences in heat stress damage and 2) adopt different avoidance-tolerance patterns? Four low-and four high-elevation populations were repeatedly exposed to high temperature (45°C) in a growth chamber at bolting stage. High temperature induced 23% more inflorescence branches, 25% longer total reproductive branch length, and 12% less root dry mass, compared with control. However summed fruit length, hence fitness, decreased by 15%, populations did not differ significantly in fitness reduction. High elevation populations showed more avoidance, i.e. lower rosette temperature at 45°C. Low elevation populations showed more tolerance, maintaining relatively higher photosynthetic rate at 45°C. Avoidance was associated with high transpiration rate and flat rosette leaf angle. Tolerance was negatively associated with heat shock protein 101 (Hsp101) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. The divergent avoidance–tolerance patterns for populations from thermally contrasting climates may indicate both constraints on the evolution and contrasting adaptive divergence regulated by local climates.
ACE: adaptive cluster expansion for maximum entropy graphical model inference
Authors: Barton J. P. , De Leonardis E. , Coucke A. , Cocco S.
Published: March 2016

Motivation

Graphical models are often employed to interpret patterns of correlations observed in data through a network of interactions between the variables. Recently, Ising/Potts models, also known as Markov random fields, have been productively applied to diverse problems in biology, including the prediction of structural contacts from protein sequence data and the description of neural activity patterns. However, inference of such models is a challenging computational problem that cannot be solved exactly. Here we describe the adaptive cluster expansion (ACE) method to quickly and accurately infer Ising or Potts models based on correlation data. ACE avoids overfitting by constructing a sparse network of interactions sufficient to reproduce the observed correlation data within the statistical error expected due to finite sampling. When convergence of the ACE algorithm is slow, we combine it with a Boltzmann Machine Learning algorithm (BML). We illustrate this method on a variety of biological and artificial data sets and compare it to state-of-the-art approximate methods such as Gaussian and pseudo-likelihood inference.

Results

We show that ACE accurately reproduces the true parameters of the underlying model when they are known, and yields accurate statistical descriptions of both biological and artificial data. Models inferred by ACE have substantially better statistical performance compared to those obtained from faster Gaussian and pseudo-likelihood methods, which only precisely recover the structure of the interaction network.

Availability

The ACE source code, user manual, and tutorials with example data are freely available on GitHub athttps://github.com/johnbarton/ACE.

Contacts

jpbarton@gmail.com,cocco@lps.ens.fr

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available
Emotion talk in the context of young people self‐harming: facing the feelings in family therapy
Authors: Rogers Alice , Schmidt Petra
Published: March 2016

This article describes the use of emotion talk in the context of using a manualised approach to family therapy where the presenting problem is self‐harm. Whilst we understand that there is an internal aspect to emotion, we also consider emotions to be socially purposeful, culturally constructed and interactional. We found that within the presenting families, negative emotions were often talked about as located within the young person. Through using ‘emotion talk’ (Fredman, ) in deconstructing and tracking emotions and exploring how emotions connected to family‐of‐origin and cultural contexts, we developed an interactional understanding of these emotions. This led to better emotional regulation within the family and offered alternative ways of relating. The article discusses the use of relational reflexivity, and using the therapist and team's emotions to enable the therapeutic process, encouraging reflexivity on the self of the therapist in relation to work with emotions.

Practitioner points

Emotions can be seen as both a reflection of feelings experienced by the individual and as a communication.

An interactional understanding of emotions can be used therapeutically.

Therapists should explore emotional displays and track the interactional patterns within the therapeutic system.

Therapists should self‐reflexive about ways of doing emotions and use this awareness in practice.
China's Capital and ‘Hot’ Money Flows: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Cai Tao , Dang Vinh Q. T. , Lai Jennifer T.
Published: March 2016

We examine time‐series characteristics of China's capital flows during 1998–2014. More specifically, we employ Kalman filtering state‐space models to gauge the relative importance of permanent and transitory components in China's overall foreign direct investment (FDI), equity, bond, other investment and bank credit flows. Our results show that only in the case of FDI are both gross inflow and net flow dominated by a permanent stochastic level, suggesting that this source of capital is largely permanent. Incorporating covariates into the state‐space models, we find that a larger difference between onshore and offshore renminbi interest rates encourages capital inflows that are dominated by a transitory component. Greater global risk perception, proxied by S&P 500's volatility index, in contrast, discourages them. These covariates imply that capital control may not be effective in stemming volatile and speculative flows. Our results on bilateral capital flows between China and the USA also suggest that these flows are less persistent and more volatile during 1998–2014 than previously found based on 1988–1997 data. Our results bear important policy implications as China engages in further reforms in its domestic financial system and greater integration with the world financial system.
Perceived incivility during emergency department phone consultations
Authors: Shetty Amith L , Vaghasiya Milan , Boddy Rachel , Byth Karen , Unwin Danielle
Published: March 2016

Objective

Perceived incivility during ED medical phone consultations is poorly researched. We aimed to determine frequency and factors influencing perceived incivility during ED phone consultations.

Methods

We conducted a prospective self‐reported survey of 40 consecutive phone consultations for 21 ED volunteer doctors. Consultations were classified based on the aim of consultation and deemed as ‘positive’, ‘neutral’ or ‘negative’ based on the perceptions of the consulting doctor. Training levels, time bands and specialty data were collected for both consulting and consulted parties.

Results

Fifty‐seven of 714 included consultations (7.98%, 95% CI 6.2–10.2%) were reported as negative by ED medical staff. Factors associated with significant incidence of negative grading of consultation involved requests for investigations (19.3% vs 5.3%, P < 0.01), consultations with specialist trainees postgraduate year > 4 (9.1% vs 3.8%, P < 0.01) and those involving radiology specialty (18% vs 5.32%, P < 0.01). The risk was lower when the consulted professional was a specialist medical practitioner as compared to specialist trainee (4.1% vs 9.4%, P = 0.02). Multiple logistical modelling suggests that female (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.2) medical staff are more likely to report perceived incivility during ED phone consultations.

Conclusions

Perceived incivility occurs infrequently during ED phone consultations. ED female medical staff are at an increased risk of perceived incivility during phone consultations with non‐ED medical professionals. Health organisations should actively pursue programmes to investigate the occurrence of incivility during healthcare consultations and implement programmes to mitigate the risk of developing a negative workplace culture.
Membrane‐Filtered Olive Mill Wastewater: Quality Assessment of the Dried Phenolic‐Rich Fraction
Authors: Sedej Ivana , Milczarek Rebecca , Wang Selina C. , Sheng Runqi , de Jesús Avena‐Bustillos Roberto , Dao Lan , Takeoka Gary
Published: March 2016

A current trend in olive mill wastewater (OMWW) management is to not only decrease environmental pollution but also to extract and utilize valuable by‐products. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to explore different techniques for drying a phenolic‐rich membrane filtration fraction of OMWW and compare the techniques in terms of the dried product quality and feasibility of the process. The OMWW from 2 (3‐phase and 2‐phase) California mills was subjected to a 2‐step membrane filtration process using a novel vibratory system. The reverse osmosis retentate (RO‐R) is a phenolic‐rich coproduct stream, and the reverse osmosis permeate is a near‐pure water stream that could be recycled into the milling process. Spray‐, freeze‐, and infrared‐drying were applied to obtain solid material from the RO‐R. Drying of the RO‐R was made possible only with addition of 10% maltodextrin as a carrier. The total soluble phenolics in dried RO‐R were in the range 0.15 to 0.58 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry weight for 2‐phase RO‐R, and 1.38 to 2.17 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry weight for the 3‐phase RO‐R. Spray‐dried RO‐R from 3‐phase OMWW showed remarkable antioxidant activity. Protocatechuic acid, tyrosol, vanillic acid, and p‐coumaric acid were quantified in all dried RO‐R, whereas 3‐hydroxytyrosol was found in 3‐phase dried RO‐R. This combination of separation and drying technologies helps to add value and shelf‐stability to an olive oil by‐product and increase environmental sustainability of its production.
Discharge and Nutrient Transport between Lakes in a Hydrologically Complex Area of Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, 2010‐2012
Authors: Christensen Victoria G. , Wakeman Eric S. , Maki Ryan P.
Published: March 2016

An acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM) was deployed in the narrows between Namakan and Kabetogama Lakes in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, from November 3, 2010, through October 3, 2012. The ADVM can account for wind, seiche, and changing flow direction in hydrologically complex areas. The objectives were to (1) estimate discharge and document the direction of water flow, (2) assess whether specific conductance can be used to determine flow direction, and (3) document nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations at the narrows. The discharge direction through the narrows was seasonal. Water generally flowed out of Kabetogama Lake and into Namakan Lake throughout the ice‐covered season. During spring, water flow was generally from Namakan Lake to Kabetogama Lake. During the summer and fall, the water flowed in both directions, affected in part by wind. Water flowed into Namakan Lake 70% of water year 2011 and 56% of water year 2012. Nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations were highest during the summer months when water‐flow direction was unpredictable. The use of an ADVM was effective for assessing flow direction and provided flow direction under ice. The results indicated the eutrophic Kabetogama Lake may have a negative effect on the more pristine Namakan Lake. The results also provide data on the effects of the current water‐level management plan and may help determine if adjustments are necessary to help protect the aquatic ecosystem of Voyageurs National Park.
Kawasaki disease in infants below 6 months: a clinical conundrum?
Authors: Singh Surjit , Agarwal Sikha , Bhattad Sagar , Gupta Anju , Suri Deepti , Rawat Amit , Singhal Manphool , Rohit Manojkumar
Published: March 2016

Aim

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a medium vessel vasculitis of childhood. In infancy KD is often characterized by incomplete and atypical forms. There is paucity of literature on KD in children below 6 months and there are no data from any developing country. This study defines the profile of children with KD below 6 months at our centre.

Methods

During January 1994 to March 2015, 460 children were diagnosed with KD and 17 (3.6%) were below 6 months. Diagnosis was based on American Heart Association (AHA) criteria. All children were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin; three also received infliximab.

Results

Mucosal changes were present in 11 patients (64%); extremity changes in 11 (64%); rash in nine (53%); conjunctival injection in eight (47%); and cervical lymphadenopathy in three (17%). Irritability was noted in 15 patients (88%); four (23%) had respiratory symptoms; and two (11%) had bacille Calmette–Guérin scar reactivation. Fifteen (88%) had incomplete KD. Twelve patients were diagnosed beyond day 10 of illness. Thrombocytopenia was seen in four. Coronary artery abnormalities were present in six (35%) patients. Two children died from disease‐related complications – one of these had giant coronary artery aneurysms.

Conclusion

Our data show that incomplete forms of KD are commonly seen in children below 6 months of age, thereby resulting in delayed diagnoses. Pediatricians need to have a high index of suspicion of KD when dealing with a young infant with unexplained fever beyond 5 days. The AHA criteria appear to be inadequate for diagnosing KD in infants below 6 months.
Telemedicine Provides Noninferior Research Informed Consent for Remote Study Enrollment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bobb Morgan R. , Van Heukelom Paul G. , Faine Brett A. , Ahmed Azeemuddin , Messerly Jeffrey T. , Bell Gregory , Harland Karisa K. , Simon Christian , Mohr Nicholas M.
Published: March 2016

Objective

Telemedicine networks are beginning to provide an avenue for conducting emergency medicine research, but using telemedicine to recruit participants for clinical trials has not been validated. The goal of this consent study was to determine whether patient comprehension of telemedicine‐enabled research informed consent is noninferior to standard face‐to‐face (F2F) research informed consent.

Methods

A prospective, open‐label randomized controlled trial was performed in a 60,000‐visit Midwestern academic emergency department (ED) to test whether telemedicine‐enabled research informed consent provided noninferior comprehension compared with standard consent. This study was conducted as part of a parent clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of 0.12% oral chlorhexidine gluconate in preventing hospital‐acquired pneumonia among adult ED patients with expected hospital admission. Prior to being recruited into the study, potential participants were randomized in a 1:1 allocation ratio to consent by telemedicine versus standard F2F consent. Telemedicine connectivity was provided using a commercially available interface (REACH platform, Vidyo Inc.) to an emergency physician located in another part of the ED. Comprehension of research consent (primary outcome) was measured using the modified quality of informed consent (QuIC) instrument, a validated tool for measuring research informed consent comprehension. Parent trial accrual rate and qualitative survey data were secondary outcomes.

Results

A total of 131 patients were randomized (n = 64, telemedicine), and 101 QuIC surveys were completed. Comprehension of research informed consent using telemedicine was not inferior to F2F consent (QuIC scores 74.4 ± 8.1 vs. 74.4 ± 6.9 on a 100‐point scale, p = 0.999). Subjective understanding of consent (p = 0.194) and parent trial study accrual rates (56% vs. 69%, p = 0.142) were similar.

Conclusion

Telemedicine is noninferior to F2F consent for delivering research informed consent, with no detected differences in comprehension and patient‐reported understanding. This consent study will inform design of future telemedicine‐enabled clinical trials.
Geographic variation in psychotropic drug utilisation among older people in New Zealand
Authors: Ndukwe Henry C , Wang Ting , Tordoff June M , Croucher Matthew J , Nishtala Prasad S
Published: March 2016

Aim

To examine psychotropic drug utilisation in older people in New Zealand by age, sex, health board domicile and deprivation status.

Methods

A repeated cross‐sectional analysis of population‐based drug utilisation data stratified by age, sex, ethnicity, health board and deprivation status was conducted from 2005 to 2013.

Results

Psychotropic utilisation increased between 2005 and 2013 (ranging from 7.0 to 74.0%) across all the health boards. In people aged 85 years and above, the hypnotic and sedative prevalence ratio compared to the 65‐ to 69‐year age group was 1.45 (95% CI 1.44, 1.46). Between 2005 and 2013, the antidepressants prevalence ratio increased (1.27 (95% CI 1.22, 1.33)) relative to anxiolytics.

Conclusions

Overall psychotropic drug utilisation increased over time. Despite safety concerns, hypnotic and sedative utilisation increased in the oldest vulnerable group. Shifts from anxiolytics to antidepressants in some health boards were consistent with guidelines for extended indications of antidepressant drug use.
Hormone responsiveness of cultured Sertoli cells obtained from adult rats after their rapid isolation under less harsh conditions
Authors: Gautam M. , Bhattacharya I. , Devi Y. S. , Arya S. P. , Majumdar S. S.
Published: March 2016

During adulthood, testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) coordinate all stages of germ cell (Gc) development involved in sperm production. However, our understanding about the functions of adult Sc is limited because of the difficulties involved in the process of isolating these cells from the adult testis, mainly because of the presence of large number of advanced Gc which interfere with Sc isolation at this age. Most of our knowledge about Sc function are derived from studies which used pre‐pubertal rat Sc (18 ± 2‐day old) as it is easy to isolate and culture Sc at this age. To this end, we established a less time consuming and less harsh procedure of isolating Sc from adult (60 days of age) rat testis for facilitating research on Sc‐mediated regulation of spermatogenesis during adulthood. The cells were isolated using collagenase digestion at higher temperature, reducing the exposure time of cells to the enzyme. Step‐wise digestion with intermittent removal of small clusters of tissue helped in increasing the yield of Sc. Isolated Sc were cultured and treated with FSH and testosterone (T) to evaluate their hormone responsiveness in terms of lactate, E2, cAMP production. Adult Sc were found to be active and produced high amounts of lactate in a FSH‐independent manner. FSH‐mediated augmentation of cAMP and E2 production by adult Sc was less as compared with that by pre‐pubertal Sc obtained from 18‐day‐old rats. Androgen‐binding ability of adult Sc was significantly higher than pre‐pubertal Sc. Although T treatment remarkably augmented expression of Claudin 11, it failed to augment lactate production by adult Sc. This efficient and rapid procedure for isolation and culture of functionally viable adult rat Sertoli cells may pave the way for determining their role in regulation and maintenance of spermatogenesis
Detection of Campylobacter in human and animal field samples in Cambodia
Authors: Osbjer Kristina , Tano Eva , Chhayheng Leang , Mac‐Kwashie Akofa Olivia , Fernström Lise‐Lotte , Ellström Patrik , Sokerya Seng , Sokheng Choup , Mom Veng , Chheng Kannarath , San Sorn , Davun Holl , Boqvist Sofia , Rautelin Hilpi , Magnusson Ulf
Published: March 2016

Campylobacter are zoonotic bacteria and a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide with Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli being the most commonly detected species. The aim of this study was to detect Campylobacter in humans and livestock (chickens, ducks, pigs, cattle, water buffalo, quail, pigeons and geese) in rural households by routine culturing and multiplex PCR in faecal samples frozen before analysis. Of 681 human samples, 82 (12%) tested positive by PCR (C. jejuni in 66 samples and C. coli in 16), but none by routine culture. Children were more commonly Campylobacter positive (19%) than adult males (8%) and females (7%). Of 853 livestock samples, 106 (12%) tested positive by routine culture and 352 (41%) by PCR. Campylobacter jejuni was more frequent in chickens and ducks and C. coli in pigs. In conclusion, Campylobacter proved to be highly prevalent by PCR in children (19%), ducks (24%), chickens (56%) and pigs (72%). Routine culturing was insufficiently sensitive in detecting Campylobacter in field samples frozen before analysis. These findings suggest that PCR should be the preferred diagnostic method for detection of Campylobacter in humans and livestock where timely culture is not feasible.
Effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs
Authors: Fang Jiachen , Cao Yang , Matsuzaki Masatoshi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Kimura Hirofumi
Published: March 2016

We measured the growth performance and meat quality of 10 crossbred (Yorkshire × Duroc × Landrace) neutered male pigs to evaluate the effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage (APMS). The pigs were divided into two groups and were respectively fed the control feed and the AMPS ad libitum during the experiment. No difference was found in the finished body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, back fat thickness or dressing ratio between the control and the AMPS treatments, but average dairy feed intake (dry matter) was significantly lower and feed efficiency was significantly higher using the APMS treatment (P < 0.05). With regard to meat quality, the APMS increased the moisture content but decreased the water holding capacity (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the APMS affected the fatty acid composition of the back fat by increasing linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) levels, while decreasing palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) levels, compared with the control treatment. These results indicate that feeding fermented apple pomace to finishing pigs increases the feed efficiency and affects the meat quality and fatty acid composition of back fat.
Autonomy is a Right, Not a Feat: How Theoretical Misconceptions have Muddled the Debate on Dynamic Consent to Biobank Research
Authors: Johnsson Linus , Eriksson Stefan
Published: March 2016

Should people be involved as active participants in longitudinal medical research, as opposed to remaining passive providers of data and material? We argue in this article that misconceptions of ‘autonomy’ as a kind of feat rather than a right are to blame for much of the confusion surrounding the debate of dynamic versus broad consent. Keeping in mind two foundational facts of human life, freedom and dignity, we elaborate three moral principles – those of autonomy, integrity and authority – to better see what is at stake. Respect for autonomy is to recognize the other's right to decide in matters that are important to them. Respect for integrity is to meet, in one's relationship with the other, their need to navigate the intersection between private and social life. Respect for authority is to empower the other – to help them to cultivate their responsibility as citizens. On our account, to force information onto someone who does not want it is not to respect that person's autonomy, but to violate integrity in the name of empowerment. Empowerment, not respect for autonomy, is the aim that sets patient‐centred initiatives employing a dynamic consent model apart from other consent models. Whether this is ultimately morally justified depends on whether empowerment ought to be a goal of medical research, which is questionable.
Nonparametric Analysis of Bivariate Gap Time With Competing Risks
Authors: Huang Chiung-Yu , Wang Chenguang , Wang Mei-Cheng
Published: March 2016

This article considers nonparametric methods for studying recurrent disease and death with competing risks. We first point out that comparisons based on the well-known cumulative incidence function can be confounded by different prevalence rates of the competing events, and that comparisons of the conditional distribution of the survival time given the failure event type are more relevant for investigating the prognosis of different patterns of recurrence disease. We then propose nonparametric estimators for the conditional cumulative incidence function as well as the conditional bivariate cumulative incidence function for the bivariate gap times, that is, the time to disease recurrence and the residual lifetime after recurrence. To quantify the association between the two gap times in the competing risks setting, a modified Kendall's tau statistic is proposed. The proposed estimators for the conditional bivariate cumulative incidence distribution and the association measure account for the induced dependent censoring for the second gap time. Uniform consistency and weak convergence of the proposed estimators are established. Hypothesis testing procedures for two-sample comparisons are discussed. Numerical simulation studies with practical sample sizes are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed nonparametric estimators and tests. An application to data from a pancreatic cancer study is presented to illustrate the methods developed in this article.
Simultaneous Inference on Treatment Effects in Survival Studies with Factorial Designs
Authors: Lin Dan-Yu , Gong Jianjian , Gallo Paul , Bunn Paul H. , Couper David
Published: March 2016

A clinical trial with a factorial design involves randomization of subjects to treatment A or and, within each group, further randomization to treatment B or . Under this design, one can assess the effects of treatments A and B on a clinical endpoint using all patients. One may additionally compare treatment A, treatment B, or combination therapy to . With multiple comparisons, however, it may be desirable to control the overall type I error, especially for regulatory purposes. Because the subjects overlap in the comparisons, the test statistics are generally correlated. By accounting for the correlations, one can achieve higher statistical power compared to the conventional Bonferroni correction. Herein, we derive the correlation between any two (stratified or unstratified) log-rank statistics for a factorial design with a survival time endpoint, such that the overall type I error for multiple treatment comparisons can be properly controlled. In addition, we allow for adjustment of prognostic factors in the treatment comparisons and conduct simultaneous inference on the effect sizes. We use simulation studies to show that the proposed methods perform well in realistic situations. We then provide an application to a recently completed randomized controlled clinical trial on alcohol dependence. Finally, we discuss extensions of our approach to other factorial designs and multiple endpoints.
The feminization of school hypothesis called into question among junior and high school students
Authors: Verniers Catherine , Martinot Delphine , Dompnier Benoît
Published: March 2016

Background

The feminization of school hypothesis suggests that boys underachieve in school compared to girls because school rewards feminine characteristics that are at odds with boys’ masculine features.

Aims

The feminization of school hypothesis lacks empirical evidence. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by examining the extent to which school demands are actually associated with female more than male students.

Sample and method

A large sample of 1,954 students (1,115 girls and 839 boys) from grades seven, nine, 10, and 12 took part in the study. The participants were asked to rate the extent to which various characteristics valued in the school setting were exhibited by girls or boys who succeed in school.

Results

Three sets of characteristics related to school success emerged from the analyses: compliance, assertiveness, and effort/intelligence. Compliance and effort/intelligence were associated with the girls more than with the boys, while assertiveness was associated with the boys more than with the girls.

Conclusion

The feminization of school hypothesis received weak support. This study discusses the limits of this hypothesis to explain boys’ underachievement in comparison with girls.
Investigating variables predicting Turkish pre‐service teachers’ integration of ICT into teaching practices
Authors: Aslan Aydın , Zhu Chang
Published: March 2016

Pre‐service teachers need to acquire information and communications technology (ICT) competency in order to integrate ICT into their teaching practices. This research was conducted to investigate to what extent ICT‐related variables—such as perceived ICT competence, perceived competence in ICT integration, attitudes toward ICT, anxiety around ICT usage, external barriers to ICT integration, ICT‐related courses, pedagogical knowledge, and prior experience concerning the use of ICT—predict the dependent variable “integration of ICT into teaching practices” for pre‐service teachers. Data were gathered from 599 pre‐service teachers from the subject areas of Turkish language, social sciences, elementary mathematics, and science in their fourth year of training programs. The study indicated that pedagogical knowledge, ICT‐related courses, and perceived ICT competence significantly predicted integration of ICT into teaching practice. These three variables predicted and accounted for 17% of the integration of ICT into teaching practices. The findings of this study showed that pre‐service teacher‐training programs, especially pedagogical knowledge and ICT‐related courses, have a significant effect in enabling pre‐service teachers to use ICT in their teaching practices.
Anti‐leukaemic effects induced by APR‐246 are dependent on induction of oxidative stress and the NFE2L2/HMOX1 axis that can be targeted by PI3K and mTOR inhibitors in acute myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors: Ali Dina , Mohammad Dara K. , Mujahed Huthayfa , Jonson‐Videsäter Kerstin , Nore Beston , Paul Christer , Lehmann Sören
Published: March 2016

The small molecule APR‐246 (PRIMA‐1MET) is a novel drug that restores the activity of mutated and unfolded TP53 protein. However, the mechanisms of action and potential off‐target effects are not fully understood. Gene expression profiling in TP53 mutant KMB3 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells showed that genes which protected cells from oxidative stress to be the most up‐regulated. APR‐246 exposure also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and depleted glutathione in AML cells. The genes most up‐regulated by APR‐246, confirmed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, were heme oxygenase‐1 (HMOX1, also termed HO‐1), SLC7A11 and RIT1. Up‐regulation of HMOX1, a key regulator of cellular response to ROS, was independent of TP53 mutational status. NFE2L2 (also termed Nrf2), a master regulator of HMOX1 expression, showed transcriptional up‐regulation and nuclear translocation by APR‐246. Down‐regulation of NFE2L2 by siRNA in AML cells significantly increased the antitumoural effects of APR‐246. The PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin inhibited APR‐246‐induced nuclear translocation of NFE2L2 and counteracted the protective cellular responses to APR‐246, resulting in synergistic cell killing together with APR‐246. In conclusion, ROS induction is important for antileukaemic activities of APR‐246 and inhibiting the protective response of the Nrf‐2/HMOX1 axis using PI3K inhibitors, enhances the antileukaemic effects.
Allogeneic transplantation provides durable remission in a subset of DLBCL patients relapsing after autologous transplantation
Authors: Fenske Timothy S. , Ahn Kwang W. , Graff Tara M. , DiGilio Alyssa , Bashir Qaiser , Kamble Rammurti T. , Ayala Ernesto , Bacher Ulrike , Brammer Jonathan E. , Cairo Mitchell , Chen Andy , Chen Yi‐Bin , Chhabra Saurabh , D'Souza Anita , Farooq Umar , Freytes Cesar , Ganguly Siddhartha , Hertzberg Mark , Inwards David , Jaglowski Samantha , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Nathan Sunita , Pawarode Attaphol , Perales Miguel‐Angel , Reddy Nishitha , Seo Sachiko , Sureda Anna , Smith Sonali M. , Hamadani Mehdi
Published: March 2016

For diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients progressing after autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation (autoHCT), allogeneic HCT (alloHCT) is often considered, although limited information is available to guide patient selection. Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) database, we identified 503 patients who underwent alloHCT after disease progression/relapse following a prior autoHCT. The 3‐year probabilities of non‐relapse mortality, progression/relapse, progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 30, 38, 31 and 37% respectively. Factors associated with inferior PFS on multivariate analysis included Karnofsky performance status (KPS) <80, chemoresistance, autoHCT to alloHCT interval <1‐year and myeloablative conditioning. Factors associated with worse OS on multivariate analysis included KPS<80, chemoresistance and myeloablative conditioning. Three adverse prognostic factors were used to construct a prognostic model for PFS, including KPS<80 (4 points), autoHCT to alloHCT interval <1‐year (2 points) and chemoresistant disease at alloHCT (5 points). This CIBMTR prognostic model classified patients into four groups: low‐risk (0 points), intermediate‐risk (2‐5 points), high‐risk (6‐9 points) or very high‐risk (11 points), predicting 3‐year PFS of 40, 32, 11 and 6%, respectively, with 3‐year OS probabilities of 43, 39, 19 and 11% respectively. In conclusion, the CIBMTR prognostic model identifies a subgroup of DLBCL patients experiencing long‐term survival with alloHCT after a failed prior autoHCT.
Mass Higher Education and the 2011 Student Movement in Chile: Material and Ideological Implications
Authors: FLEET NICOLAS , GUZMÁN‐CONCHA CÉSAR
Published: March 2016

This article analyses the material and ideological implications of a highly commodified mass higher education system on the 2011 students' mobilisations in Chile. Drawing upon quantitative and qualitative data, we show that the grievances denounced by the movement emerged from the differences in the process of socialisation/reproduction of intellectual labour among universities, which in turn correspond to forms of class exploitation. Moreover, we demonstrate that students' engagement in/with the movement varies across universities in accordance with the differentiation of these institutions along class and political cleavages. The article offers insights to understand why a sectoral conflict became the most significant challenge to the neoliberal consensus that has prevailed since the late‐1980s.
#YoSoy132 and the ‘Mexican Spring’ of 2012: Between Electoral Engagement and Democratisation
Authors: GUN CUNINGHAME PATRICK
Published: March 2016

This article examines the origins, trajectory and limitations of the Mexican students' movement, #YoSoy132 (YS132, I Am [number] 132), that emerged during the 2012 presidential election campaign in opposition to the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI, Institutional Revolutionary Party) candidate, Enrique Peña. The movement's electoral engagement led to internal crisis, and demobilisation following the PRI's return to power. After its creation at a private university, the movement became the first nationwide student movement since 1968. It will be argued that the internal tension between democratisation and electoral inclination and engagement did not allow the movement to develop autonomously from the party system nor to organise around its own political agenda.
A qualitative investigation into the experiences of having a parent with a learning disability
Authors: Hewitt Olivia , Clarke Angela
Published: March 2016

Accessible Summary

More people with a learning disability are becoming parents.

We wanted to find out what it was like to have a parent with a learning disability.

People told us about the good things about their parents. They also told us some difficult things about their childhood.

We have ideas about how services can help families when a parent has a learning disability.

Background: More people with a learning disability are becoming parents. Little is known about the lived experiences of the children who have a parent with a learning disability.

Methods: This study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to understand the lived experiences of people who have a parent with a learning disability. Five people who have a parent with a learning disability were asked about their experiences of being parented and their childhood more generally.

Results: Four themes emerged from the interviews: 1) ‘Fitting in’ within the wider family system, 2) The parental relationship and the impact of disability, 3) A difficult childhood and 4) Resilience.

Conclusions: These findings are compared with the existing literature, and similarities and emerging findings are noted. Implications for services when supporting families with a parent who has a learning disability are discussed. Additional ideas about areas that require additional research are identified.
Pathologic aerophagia: a rare but important medical condition in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Wong Wendy , Sajith Sreedharan Geetha
Published: March 2016

Accessible Summary

Pathologic aerophagia is a rare but important medical condition that occur more frequently in people with intellectual disabilities.

It is characterised by repeated air swallowing resulting in progressive abdominal distension and flatulence, and sometimes it can cause serious and life‐threatening complications.

Here, we present a literature on diagnosis and management of pathologic aerophagia and describe presentation of this condition in a 23‐year‐old male diagnosed with severe intellectual disability and autism.

Background: Pathologic aerophagia (PA) is characterised by excessive swallowing of air resulting in significant abdominal distension or belching. This is a relatively rare condition in general population but has been reported in up to 8.8% of institutionalised patients with intellectual disability. In severe cases, this can cause volvulus and ileus, and even intestinal perforation. Currently, there is limited information on this potentially life‐threatening condition, particularly for people with intellectual disability. In this study, we aim to present a literature of diagnosis and management of PA and describe a case of PA in an adult with intellectual disability and autism.

Methods: A literature search of electronic database was performed using specific keywords.

Results: Apart from a few small controlled trials on pharmacotherapy, most of the studies were case series or uncontrolled studies. The understanding on pathophysiology is incomplete but is thought to involve a reflex‐induced movement of upper oesophageal sphincter and may be associated with anxiety or stress. A comprehensive history and physical examination as well as an abdominal radiograph may be helpful in diagnosis. Medications that are helpful include antacids, anti‐reflux drugs and benzodiazepines. Surgical treatment may be required in severe cases. A case of an adult patient with intellectual disability and PA is discussed to highlight the challenges in diagnosis and management.

Conclusions: PA is not uncommon in people with intellectual disability and can pose challenges in the assessment and management. Further studies are necessary to provide evidence‐based treatment guidelines for the management of this condition particularly in patients with intellectual disability.
Individual Creativity and Team Climate in Software Development Projects: The Mediating Role of Team Decision Processes
Authors: Açıkgöz Atif , Günsel Ayşe
Published: March 2016

This study investigates how individual creativity is related to the quality of team decision processes and team climate, and the mediating role of team decision processes between individual creativity and team climate. A multi‐level theoretical model was proposed and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) was conducted on a sample of 139 software development projects. The results suggest that: (i) individual creativity improves the quality of team decision processes, (ii) team decision processes are positively associated with four dimensions of team climate (organizational support, innovation orientation, goal orientation and informal structure), and (iii) team decision processes partially mediate between individual creativity and team climate. In particular, the obtained results stress the role of individual creativity in the formation and evolution of a positive climate by means of team decision processes. The study implies that managers should recognize the value of creative individuals as the basic source of competitive advantage and success. It further discusses the managerial implications of the findings as well as limitations and constructive new directions for future studies to improve software development team performance.
Clinical prognostic value of DNA methylation in hepatoblastoma: Four novel tumor suppressor candidates
Authors: Honda Shohei , Minato Masashi , Suzuki Hiromu , Fujiyoshi Masato , Miyagi Hisayuki , Haruta Masayuki , Kaneko Yasuhiko , Hatanaka Kanako C. , Hiyama Eiso , Kamijo Takehiko , Okada Tadao , Taketomi Akinobu
Published: March 2016

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is very rare but the most common malignant neoplasm of the liver occurring in children. Despite improvements in therapy, outcomes for patients with advanced HB that is refractory to standard preoperative chemotherapy remain unsatisfactory. To improve the survival rate among this group, identification of novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets is needed. We have previously reported that altered DNA methylation patterns are of biological and clinical importance in HB. In the present study, using genome‐wide methylation analysis and bisulfite pyrosequencing with specimens from HB tumors, we detected nine methylated genes. We then focused on four of those genes, GPR180, MST1R, OCIAD2, and PARP6, because they likely encode tumor suppressors and their increase of methylation was associated with a poor prognosis. The methylation status of the four genes was also associated with age at diagnosis, and significant association with the presence of metastatic tumors was seen in three of the four genes. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of metastatic tumors and increase of methylation of GPR180 were independent prognostic factors affecting event‐free survival. These findings indicate that the four novel tumor suppressor candidates are potentially useful molecular markers predictive of a poor outcome in HB patients, which may serve as the basis for improved therapeutic strategies when clinical trials are carried out.
Quantitative Characterization of the Interaction Space of the Mammalian Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms I, II, VII, IX, XII, and XIV and their Inhibitors, Using the Proteochemometric Approach
Authors: Rasti Behnam , Karimi‐Jafari Mohammad H. , Ghasemi Jahan B.
Published: March 2016

The critical role of carbonic anhydrases in different physiological processes has put this protein family at the center of attention, challenging major diseases like glaucoma, neurological disorders such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and cancers. Many QSAR/QSPR (quantitative structure–activity/property relationship) researches have been carried out to design potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs); however, using inhibitors with no selectivity for different isoforms can lead to major side‐effects. Given that QSAR/QSPR methods are not capable of covering multiple targets in a unified model, we have applied the proteochemometric approach to model the interaction space that governs selective inhibition of different CA isoforms by some mono‐/dihydroxybenzoic acid esters. Internal and external validation methods showed that all models were reliable in terms of both validity and predictivity, whereas Y‐scrambling assessed the robustness of the models. To prove the applicability of our models, we showed how structural changes of a ligand can affect the selectivity. Our models provided interesting information that can be useful for designing inhibitors with selective behavior toward isoforms of carbonic anhydrases, aiding in their selective inhibition.
The role of collaboration in the cognitive development of young children: a systematic review
Authors: Sills J. , Rowse G. , Emerson L.‐M.
Published: March 2016

Background

Collaboration is a key facilitator of cognitive development in early childhood; this review evaluates which factors mediate the impact of collaborative interactions on cognitive development in children aged 4–7 years.

Methods

A systematic search strategy identified relevant studies (n = 21), which assessed the role of ability on the relationship between collaboration and cognitive development. Other factors that interact with ability were also assessed: gender, sociability/friendship, discussion, age, feedback and structure.

Results

Immediate benefits of collaboration on cognitive development are highlighted for same‐age peers. Collaborative interactions are beneficial for tasks measuring visual perception, problem‐solving and rule‐based thinking, but not for word‐reading and spatial perspective‐taking. Collaboration is particularly beneficial for lower‐ability children when there is an ability asymmetry. High‐ability children either regressed or did not benefit when paired with lower‐ability participants.

Conclusions

Overall, the studies included within this review indicate that brief one‐off interactions can have a significant, positive effect on short‐term cognitive development in children of infant school age. The longer‐term advantages of collaboration are still unclear. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
The international migration of dentists: directions for research and policy
Authors: Balasubramanian Madhan , Brennan David Simon , Spencer A. John , Short Stephanie Doris
Published: March 2016

In 2010, the World Health Organization Global Code of Practice for International Recruitment of Health Personnel (the WHO Code) was adopted by the 193 Member States of the WHO. The WHO Code is a tool for global diplomacy, providing a policy framework to address the challenges involved in managing dentist migration, as well as improving the retention of dental personnel in source countries. The WHO Code recognizes the importance of migrant dentist data to support migration polices; minimum data on the inflows, outflows and stock of dentists are vital. Data on reasons for dentist migration, job satisfaction, cultural adaptation issues, geographic distribution and practice patterns in the destination country are important for any policy analysis on dentist migration. Key challenges in the implementation of the WHO Code include the necessity to coordinate with multiple stakeholders and the lack of integrated data on dentist migration and the lack of shared understanding of the interrelatedness of workforce migration, needs and planning. The profession of dentistry also requires coordination with a number of private and nongovernmental organizations. Many migrant dentist source countries, in African and the South‐Asian WHO Regions, are in the early stages of building capacity in dentist migration data collection and research systems. Due to these shortcomings, it is prudent that developed countries take the initiative to pursue further research into the migration issue and respond to this global challenge.