bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The treatment of intramedullary osteomyelitis of the femur and tibia using the Reamer–Irrigator–Aspirator system and antibiotic cement rods
Authors: Kanakaris N. , Gudipati S. , Tosounidis T. , Harwood P. , Britten S. , Giannoudis P. V.
Published: June 2014

Intramedullary infection in long bones represents a complex clinical challenge, with an increasing incidence due to the increasing use of intramedullary fixation. We report a prospective case series using an intramedullary reaming device, the Reamer–Irrigator–Aspirator (RIA) system, in association with antibiotic cement rods for the treatment of lower limb long bone infections. A total of 24 such patients, 16 men and eight women, with a mean age of 44.5 years (17 to 75), 14 with femoral and 10 with tibial infection, were treated in a staged manner over a period of 2.5 years in a single referral centre. Of these, 21 patients had had previous surgery, usually for fixation of a fracture (seven had sustained an open fracture originally and one had undergone fasciotomies). According to the Cierny–Mader classification system, 18 patients were classified as type 1A, four as 3A (discharging sinus tract), one as type 4A and one as type 1B. Staphylococcus species were isolated in 20 patients (83.3%). Local antibiotic delivery was used in the form of impregnated cement rods in 23 patients. These were removed at a mean of 2.6 months (1 to 5). Pathogen-specific antibiotics were administered systemically for a mean of six weeks (3 to 18). At a mean follow-up of 21 months (8 to 36), 23 patients (96%) had no evidence of recurrent infection. One underwent a planned trans-tibial amputation two weeks post-operatively due to peripheral vascular disease and chronic recalcitrant osteomyelitis of the tibia and foot. The combination of RIA reaming, the administration of systemic pathogen-specific antibiotics and local delivery using impregnated cement rods proved to be a safe and efficient form of treatment in these patients.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:783–8.
Fragility fractures of the ankle in the frail elderly patient
Authors: Al-Nammari S. S. , Dawson-Bowling S. , Amin A. , Nielsen D.
Published: June 2014

Conventional methods of treating ankle fractures in the elderly are associated with high rates of complication. We describe the results of treating these injuries in 48 frail elderly patients with a long calcaneotalotibial nail.

The mean age of the group was 82 years (61 to 96) and 41 (85%) were women. All were frail, with multiple medical comorbidities and their mean American Society of Anaesthesiologists score was 3 (3 to 4). None could walk independently before their operation. All the fractures were displaced and unstable; the majority (94%, 45 of 48) were low-energy injuries and 40% (19 of 48) were open.

The overall mortality at six months was 35%. Of the surviving patients, 90% returned to their pre-injury level of function. The mean pre- and post-operative Olerud and Molander questionnaire scores were 62 and 57 respectively. Complications included superficial infection (4%, two of 48); deep infection (2%, one of 48); a broken or loose distal locking screw (6%, three of 48); valgus malunion (4%, two of 48); and one below-knee amputation following an unsuccessful vascular operation. There were no cases of nonunion, nail breakage or peri-prosthetic fracture.

A calcaneotalotibial nail is an excellent device for treating an unstable fracture of the ankle in the frail elderly patient. It allows the patient to mobilise immediately and minimises the risk of bone or wound problems. A long nail which crosses the isthmus of the tibia avoids the risk of peri-prosthetic fracture associated with shorter devices.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:817–22.
The surgical treatment of lordoscoliosis and hyperlordosis in patients with quadriplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Karampalis C. , Tsirikos A. I.
Published: June 2014

We describe 13 patients with cerebral palsy and lordoscoliosis/hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine who underwent a posterior spinal fusion at a mean age of 14.5 years (10.8 to 17.4) to improve sitting posture and relieve pain. The mean follow-up was 3.3 years (2.2 to 6.2).

The mean pre-operative lumbar lordosis was 108° (80 to 150°) and was corrected to 62° (43° to 85°); the mean thoracic kyphosis from 17° (-23° to 35°) to 47° (25° to 65°); the mean scoliosis from 82° (0° to 125°) to 22° (0° to 40°); the mean pelvic obliquity from 21° (0° to 38°) to 3° (0° to 15°); the mean sacral slope from 79° (54° to 90°) to 50° (31° to 66°). The mean pre-operative coronal imbalance was 5 cm (0 cm to 8.9 cm) and was corrected to 0.6 cm (0 to 3.2). The mean sagittal imbalance of -8 cm (-16 cm to 7.8 cm) was corrected to -1.6 cm (-4 cm to 2.5 cm). The mean operating time was 250 minutes (180 to 360 minutes) and intra-operative blood loss 0.8 of estimated blood volume (0.3 to 2 estimated blood volume). The mean intensive care and hospital stay were 3.5 days (2 to 8) and 14.5 days (10 to 27), respectively. Three patients lost a significant amount of blood intra-operatively and subsequently developed chest or urinary infections and superior mesenteric artery syndrome.

An increased pre-operative lumbar lordosis and sacral slope were associated with increased peri-operative morbidity: scoliosis and pelvic obliquity were not. A reduced lumbar lordosis and increased thoracic kyphosis correlated with better global sagittal balance at follow-up. All patients and their parents reported excellent surgical outcomes.

Lordoscoliosis and hyperlordosis are associated with significant morbidity in quadriplegic patients. They are rare deformities and their treatment is challenging. Sagittal imbalance is the major component: it can be corrected by posterior fusion of the spine with excellent functional results.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:800–6.
The presentation, treatment and outcome of periosteal chondrosarcoma in the Netherlands
Authors: Goedhart L. M. , Ploegmakers J. J. W. , Kroon H. M. , Zwartkruis E. C. H. , Jutte P. C.
Published: June 2014

In this case study, we describe the clinical presentation and treatment of 36 patients with periosteal chondrosarcoma collected over a 59-year period by the archive of the Netherlands Committee on Bone Tumours. The demographics, clinical presentation, radiological features, treatment and follow-up are presented with the size, location, the histological grading of the tumour and the survival.

We found a slight predominance of men (61%), and a predilection for the distal femur (33%) and proximal humerus (33%). The metaphysis was the most common site (47%) and the most common presentation was with pain (44%). Half the tumours were classified histologically as grade 1. Pulmonary metastases were reported in one patient after an intra-lesional resection. A second patient died from local recurrence and possible pulmonary and skin metastases after an incomplete resection.

It is clearly important to make the diagnosis appropriately because an incomplete resection may result in local recurrence and metastatic spread. Staging for metastatic disease is recommended in grade II or III lesions.

These patients should be managed with a contrast-enhanced MRI of the tumour and histological confirmation by biopsy, followed by en-bloc excision.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:823–8.
Back pain in children and adolescents
Authors: Altaf F. , Heran M. K. S. , Wilson L. F.
Published: June 2014

Back pain is a common symptom in children and adolescents. Here we review the important causes, of which defects and stress reactions of the pars interarticularis are the most common identifiable problems. More serious pathology, including malignancy and infection, needs to be excluded when there is associated systemic illness. Clinical evaluation and management may be difficult and always requires a thorough history and physical examination. Diagnostic imaging is obtained when symptoms are persistent or severe. Imaging is used to reassure the patient, relatives and carers, and to guide management.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:717–23.
The S-ROM hydroxyapatite proximally-coated modular femoral stem in revision hip replacement
Authors: Imbuldeniya A. M. , Walter W. K. , Zicat B. A. , Walter W. L.
Published: June 2014

We report on 397 consecutive revision total hip replacements in 371 patients with a mean clinical and radiological follow-up of 12.9 years (10 to 17.7). The mean age at surgery was 69 years (37 to 93). A total of 28 patients (8%) underwent further revision, including 16 (4%) femoral components. In all 223 patients (56%, 233 hips) died without further revision and 20 patients (5%, 20 hips) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining patients, 209 (221 hips) were available for clinical assessment and 194 (205 hips) for radiological review at mean follow-up of 12.9 years (10 to 17.7).

The mean Harris Hip Score improved from 58.7 (11 to 92) points to 80.7 (21 to 100) (p <  0.001) and the mean Merle d’Aubigné and Postel hip scores at final follow-up were 4.9 (2 to 6), 4.5 (2 to 6) and 4.3 (2 to 6), respectively for pain, mobility and function. Radiographs showed no lucencies around 186 (90.7%) femoral stems with stable bony ingrowth seen in 199 stems (97%). The survival of the S-ROM femoral stem at 15 years with revision for any reason as the endpoint was 90.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 85.7 to 93.8) and with revision for aseptic loosening as the endpoint 99.3% (95% CI 97.2 to 99.8).

We have shown excellent long-term survivorship and good clinical outcome of a cementless hydroxyapatite proximally-coated modular femoral stem in revision hip surgery.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:730–6.
Gastrocsoleus recession techniques
Authors: Tinney A. , Khot A. , Eizenberg N. , Wolfe R. , Graham H. K.
Published: June 2014

Lengthening of the conjoined tendon of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis and soleus fascia is frequently used in the treatment of equinus deformities in children and adults. The Vulpius procedure as described in most orthopaedic texts is a division of the conjoined tendon in the shape of an inverted V. However, transverse division was also described by Vulpius and Stoffel, and has been reported in some clinical studies.

We studied the anatomy and biomechanics of transverse division of the conjoined tendon in 12 human cadavers (24 legs). Transverse division of the conjoined tendon resulted in predictable, controlled lengthening of the gastrocsoleus muscle-tendon unit. The lengthening achieved was dependent both on the level of the cut in the conjoined tendon and division of the midline raphé. Division at a proximal level resulted in a mean lengthening of 15.2 mm (sd 2.0, (12 to 19), which increased to 17.1 mm (sd 1.8, (14 to 20) after division of the midline raphé. Division at a distal level resulted in a mean lengthening of 21.0 mm (sd 2.0, (18 to 25), which increased to 26.4 mm (sd 1.4, (24 to 29) after division of the raphé. These differences were significant (p < 0.001).

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:778–82.
Copépodes (Crustacea, Calanoida, Cyclopoida) planctônicos em reservatórios profundos e dendríticos: efeitos do tempo de residência e da idade de formação
Authors: Perbiche-Neves Gilmar , Nogueira Marcos Gomes , Oliveira Paula , Serafim-Júnior Moacyr
Published: June 2014

Some ecological attributes of planktonic copepods (composition, diversity, abundance and its relations with limnological variables) were compared in two deep and dendritic reservoirs, 470km from each other, with contrasting water retention time (WRT) and ages of construction. Data were grouped from two different studies: samples were collected monthly between March/00 to February/01, on the Salto Caxias Reservoir (Iguaçu River), and tri-monthly between January/00 to October/01, on the Chavantes Reservoir (Paranapanema River). Eight species of Calanoida and six of Cyclopoida were identified in both reservoirs. The highest richness was observed in Salto Caxias (12 taxa) when compared with Chavantes (8 taxa), and six species were exclusive to Salto Caxias and two from Chavantes. Salto Caxias was studied one year after the construction, consequently with higher nutrients values in this period and showed generally high mean values of Copepoda (nauplius, copepodits and adults) than Chavantes, which is 38 years old. Some parameters as transparency, conductivity, turbidity and total nitrogen were significantly related with copepod abundance. New formation and sufficient long WRT could be an important cause for the highest richness of Calanoida and total abundance of individuals in Salto Caxias Reservoir.
Micronucleus test in frillfin goby Bathygobius soporator (Valenciennes, 1873) from tide pools of Salvador city (Brazil).
Authors: Galindo Toni Pablo Souto , Rosário Igor Rios , Da Silva Eduardo Mendes
Published: June 2014

The genotoxic effects of metals were evaluated in Bathygobius soporator using the micronucleus test. The frequencies of micronuclei in fish erythrocytes cells of sampling points were elevated when compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Micronucleus test in fish erythrocytes were useful to determine genotoxic effects of metals substances in the fish, reducing the pain and suffer of the animal testing. The first PC (70.56%) of principal component analysis (PCA) account for almost all of the variance, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the first PC and micronucleus frequency of sampling points (P1-P10) was performed (r = -0.704, P = 0.023).
Humane Rationalisierung?
Authors: Uhl Karsten
Published: June 2014

In der Arbeitswissenschaft und in der Fabrikpraxis rückte eine Frage nach 1910 ins Zentrum: Wie kann der Faktor Mensch effektiv in die Produktion eingebracht werden? Zugespitzt: Wie werden aus apathischen Arbeitern interessierte Mitarbeiter? Karsten Uhl korrigiert in seiner Geschichte der Fabrik im 20. Jahrhundert unser Bild des Taylorismus und Fordismus, indem er nachweist, dass Unternehmen seit den 1920er Jahren ergänzend zu Disziplinierungsformen die Selbstverantwortung der Arbeiter_innen förderten. Er zeigt, dass die Subjektivität der Arbeitenden beides war: Störgröße und Potenzial. Rationalisierung und Humanisierung wurden bei der Gestaltung des Lebens- und Arbeitsraums Fabrik miteinander verknüpft.
Intracardiac Abscess with Cutaneous Fistula Secondary to Ventricular Septal Defect Repair Simulating Sternal Wound Infection
Authors: Rafael Aldo Elmer , Keshavamurthy Suresh , Sepulveda Edgardo , Miranda Cyndee Cruz , Okamoto Toshihiro , Pettersson Gosta Bengt
Published: June 2014

Cutaneous fistula as a clinical presentation of intracardiac abscess of the right side is such an unusual occurrence that it has not until now been reported in the English-language medical literature. We present a rare case of right-sided infective endocarditis caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in which recurrent infection presented as sternal wound discharge. The infection was found to have an intracardiac origin and was successfully managed by radical débridement on cardiopulmonary bypass.
Transventricular Mitral Valve Repair in Patients with Acute Forms of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Cagli Kerim , Gedik Hikmet Selcuk , Korkmaz Kemal , Budak Baran , Yener Umit , Lafci Gokhan
Published: June 2014

Transventricular mitral valve surgery combined with left ventricular restoration avoids atriotomy and provides a larger operative field. We describe a series of 5 patients in whom we performed transventricular mitral valve repair by various techniques, such as band annuloplasty, papillary muscle reattachment, chordal cutting, and edge-to-edge repair.

The more acute forms of ischemic mitral regurgitation, as found in our patients, can coexist with post-myocardial infarction contained rupture or post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture. Because these patients already have an indication for ventriculotomy, concomitant transventricular repair of the mitral valve can render a separate atriotomy unnecessary and thereby shorten the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass. Moreover, in patients with acute presentations, the absence of atrial dilation (this last associated with chronic cases) might make transventricular repair a better choice than the more difficult atrial approach.
Aortic Perforation by Active-Fixation Atrial Pacing Lead: An Unusual but Serious Complication
Authors: Di Marco Andrea , Nuñez Elaine , Osorio Karina , Dallaglio Paolo , Anguera Ignasi , Toscano Jacobo , Sabaté Xavier , Cequier Angel
Published: June 2014

Perforation of a cardiac chamber is an infrequent but serious sequela of pacemaker lead implantation. An even rarer event is the perforation of the aorta by a protruding right atrial wire. We present here the first case in the medical literature of aortic perforation as a sequela to the implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator.

The patient was a 54-year-old man with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy who underwent the implantation of a defibrillator, with no apparent sequelae. Six hours after the procedure, he experienced cardiac tamponade and required urgent open-chest surgery. The pericardial effusion was found to be caused by mechanical friction of a protruding right atrial wire on the aortic root. The aortic root and the atrial wall were both repaired with Prolene suture, which achieved complete control of the bleeding. There was no need to reposition the atrial wire. The patient had a good postoperative recovery.
Role of Isoproterenol in Predicting the Success of Catheter Ablation in Patients with Reproducibly Inducible Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
Authors: Heydari Alireza , Tayyebi Mohammad , Jami Rahmatolah Damanpak , Amiri Asgar
Published: June 2014

Noninducibility of the arrhythmia is the widely accepted endpoint of successful ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). However, to rely upon that as the only endpoint, the arrhythmia must also be inducible before ablation. Despite the fact that AVNRT is not reproducibly inducible in a significant number of cases, the role of reproducible arrhythmia induction and its relationship with the infusion of isoproterenol after successful ablation of AVNRT has not been well defined.

We studied 175 consecutive patients who all underwent successful radiofrequency ablation after showing that they had reproducibly inducible AVNRT without use of isoproterenol. In Group 1 (n=90), isoproterenol was used for arrhythmia reinduction after ablation, whereas in Group 2 (n=85) it was not. The procedural and follow-up data of both groups were recorded, and the results of appropriate statistical tests were analyzed.

During a mean follow-up time of 18.7 ± 4.5 months, 4 patients in Group 1 and 3 patients in Group 2 experienced recurrences. Regardless of elimination or modification of slow-pathway conduction, no significant difference was seen in the recurrence rates of AVNRT between the 2 groups (P=0.72).

We conclude that, when the original arrhythmia in patients with AVNRT is reproducibly inducible in the basal state, the use of isoproterenol after ablation in order to confirm the noninducibility of AVNRT does not appear to alter the recurrence rates and can be omitted.
Acute Anterior ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Electrical Storm Secondary to Nondominant Right Coronary Artery Occlusion
Authors: Franco Joseph John , Brown Michael , Bashir Riyaz , O'Murchu Brian
Published: June 2014

A 42-year-old man emergently presented with chest pain and anterior ST elevation. Refractory ventricular arrhythmias and shock developed rapidly. A coronary angiogram revealed the acute occlusion of a nondominant right coronary artery. After percutaneous coronary intervention, the anterior ST elevation and ventricular arrhythmias resolved. The electrocardiographic pattern was a result of isolated right ventricular infarction that in turn caused profound electrical and hemodynamic instability. We discuss the cause and pathophysiology of this patient's case, and we recommend that interventional and general cardiologists be aware that anterior ST elevation can be caused by the occlusion of a nondominant right coronary artery.
Sanctions and the insurance industry: challenges, risks and opportunities
Authors: Moran Matthew , Salisbury Daniel
Published: June 2014

Scholars and policymakers tend to see economic sanctions as an important tool of coercive diplomacy, even if the effectiveness of sanctions in changing the policies of target states remains highly contested. Though much of the research on sanctions focuses on their effects at the state level, this article argues that analyzing their effectiveness must begin with the industrial sectors they are meant to affect. Through analysis of restrictive measures currently in place against Iran, this article explores the impact of sanctions at the working level within the insurance industry, drawing on qualitative data gathered as part of a recent workshop funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and industry partners.
Comparing two theories of grammatical knowledge assessment: a bifactor-MIRT analysis
Authors: Cai Yuyang
Published: June 2014

This study compares two approaches to grammatical knowledge in language assessment: the structural view that regards grammatical knowledge as vocabulary and syntax (Bachman 1990), and the communicative view that perceives it as the binary combination of grammatical form and meaning (Purpura 2004). 1,491 second-year nursing students from eight medical colleges in China took a fifteen-item English grammar test (GT) that used retired items from the Language and Use section of the Public English Test System, Level Two. Data analysis comprised a series of dimensionality assessments (DAs) based on bifactor- multidimensional item response theory (bifactor-MIRT). This involved assessing the model fit achieved by structuring the GT tasks using a single grammatical factor, the structural approach and the communicative approach, and then comparing the relative performance of the three approaches. The results indicated that 1) despite its operational attraction, a unidimensional structure was insufficient to structure the GT tasks; 2) both the structural and the communicative approaches could sufficiently explain the underlying structure of the GT tasks; but 3) the communicative approach seemed to outperform the structural approach in uncovering the factual structure of the GT tasks. The study shows how bifactor-MIRT can be used to compare grammatical knowledge theories.
Sprachenübergreifende Vergleichbarkeit herstellen – aber wie? Ein qualitatives Projekt zur Harmonisierung der Niveaustufe UNIcert® I (B1)
Authors: Reich Astrid , Mainzer Mirka
Published: June 2014

One of the central challenges faced by UNIcert®, a system of certification for university language courses, is the establishment of comparability across languages and institutions at each proficiency level. But how is this to be achieved in practice? One possible approach is the one adopted by the project “Qualitative calibration of UNIcert®
Taking decisions: Assessment for university entry
Authors: Plassmann Sibylle , Zeidler Beate
Published: June 2014

Language testing means taking decisions: about the test taker's results, but also about the test construct and the measures taken in order to ensure quality. This article takes the German test telc Deutsch C1 Hochschule as an example to illustrate this decision-making process in an academic context. The test is used for university entry; therefore, the main stakeholders are academic and administrative staff as well as international students about to take up their studies in Germany. The test provider had to take the stakeholders' expectations and teaching traditions into account and at the same time identify disagreements and conflicting expectations. In the end, the almost unlimited possible ways of testing in this context had to be narrowed down. While not all decisions which lead to a valid form of assessment can be presented here, we provide an illustration of the key phases: the definition of the test construct, the construction of the test format and the actual examining. There is a special focus on the definition of academic German, especially in view of a very heterogeneous target-group. In addition, concrete examples from the initial test development phase are presented, from defining the format for the writing task to choosing texts for reading and testing grammar. Ongoing work on the test is illustrated by insights into the commissioning of new tasks and the rating of open-ended questions.
New estimates for the minimal L2
solution of ∂¯$\bar{\partial }$ and applications to geometric function theory in weighted Bergman spaces
Authors: Schuster Alexander P. , Varolin Dror
Published: June 2014

We introduce new twisting techniques to establish new estimates for the minimal L2
solution of

∂
¯

$\bar{\partial }$

on weighted Bergman spaces in the unit ball. The estimate is used to obtain off-diagonal decay bounds for the associated Bergman kernel, and also improve sup-norm estimates obtained some time ago by Berndtsson.
Varieties with vanishing holomorphic Euler characteristic
Authors: Chen Jungkai Alfred , Debarre Olivier , Jiang Zhi
Published: June 2014

We study smooth complex projective varieties X of maximal Albanese dimension and of general type satisfying

χ
(
X
,

𝒪
X

)
=
0

$\chi (X, \mathcal {O}_X)=0$

. We prove that the Albanese variety of X has at least three simple factors. Examples were constructed by Ein and Lazarsfeld, and we prove that in dimension 3, these examples are (up to abelian étale covers) the only ones. By results of Ueno, another source of examples is provided by varieties X of maximal Albanese dimension and of general type satisfying

h
0

(
X
,

ω
X

)

=
1

$h^0(X, \omega _X)=1$

. Examples were constructed by Chen and Hacon, and again, we prove that in dimension 3, these examples are (up to abelian étale covers) the only ones. We also formulate a conjecture on the general structure of these varieties in all dimensions.
The Critique of Glottocentricism
Authors: Petrilli Susan
Published: June 2014

As general semiotics, semiotics provides a general theory of sign and correlate sign model. As such, semiotics avoids limitations connected with so called Saussurean sémiologie (in reality connected with information theory and the concepts of code and message). One limitation is glottocentrism which is phonocentric, anthropocentric, ethnocentric. When glottocentrism prevails, semiotics cannot adequately account for communication, modeling, and dialogism as generated in human biosemiosis, in the interconnection between verbal and nonverbal. We propose to critique glottocentrism in global semiotic terms, following European scholars (Barthes, Derrida, Kristeva, Rossi-Landi) and beyond (Bakhtin, Sebeok, Morris). Dialogue among these voices is transnational, translinguistic, transdisciplinary. Moreover, as indicated by “semioethics” (introduced by Augusto Ponzio and myself), our approach accounts for the sign’s vocation for the other.
Semiotics and the Possibilities of Cultural Analysis
Authors: Torop Peeter
Published: June 2014

The article describes the role of the Tartu semiotics school in the formation of the new academic field called semiotics of culture, particularly in the context of writing the Theses on the Semiotic Study of Cultures in 1973. Special attention is paid to the typology of languages of culture, and to the concept of culture as an object for semiotics.
Hybrid bounds for quadratic Weyl sums and arithmetic applications
Authors: Liu Sheng-Chi , Masri Riad
Published: June 2014

Let

D
<
0

${D < 0}$

be an odd fundamental discriminant and q be a prime number which splits in

ℚ
(

D

)

${{\mathbb {Q}}(\sqrt{D})}$

.
Given a suitable smooth function f supported on

[
X
,
2
X
]

${[X, 2X]}$

for X ≥ 1, we establish a
uniform bound in

X
,
D

${X, D}$

and q for

∑

c
≡
0

(
mod

q
)

W
h

(
D
;
c
)

f

(
c
)

,

$
{\sum _{c \equiv 0 \hspace*{1.42262pt}(\operatorname{mod} ~q)}W_h(D;c)f(c)},
$

where

W
h

(
D
;
c
)

:
=

∑

b

(
mod

2
c
)

,

b
2

≡
D

(
mod

4
c
)

e

h
b

2
c

,

h
∈
ℤ
,

e

(
z
)

:
=

e

2
π
i
z

,

$
{W_h(D;c) := \sum _{b \hspace*{1.42262pt}(\operatorname{mod} ~2c),\, b^2 \equiv D \hspace*{1.42262pt}(\operatorname{mod} ~4c)}e\biggl (\frac{hb}{2c} \biggr )}, \quad h \in {\mathbb {Z}}, \quad e(z):= e^{2 \pi i z},
$

is the Weyl sum for roots of the quadratic congruence

x
2

≡
D

(
mod

4
c

)

${x^2 \equiv D~(\text{mod}~{4c})}$

. We use this result to
study several problems of arithmetic interest, including level-aspect versions of equidistribution of quadratic roots,
and the asymptotic distribution of traces of CM values of weakly holomorphic modular functions of level q.
By work of Zagier and Bruinier–Funke, the generating functions for these traces are weight 3/2 weakly holomorphic
modular forms of level

4
q

${4q}$

satisfying Kohnen's plus space condition.
Failure Investigation of Radiant Platen Superheater Tube of Thermal Power Plant Boiler
Authors: Ghosh D. , Ray S. , Mandal A. , Roy H.
Published: June 2014

This paper highlights a case study of typical premature failure of a radiant platen superheater tube of 210 MW thermal power plant boiler. Visual examination, dimensional measurement and chemical analysis, are conducted as part of the investigations. Apart from these, metallographic analysis and fractography are also conducted to ascertain the probable cause of failure. Finally it has been concluded that the premature failure of the super heater tube can be attributed to localized creep at high temperature. The corrective actions has also been suggested to avoid this type of failure in near future.
Aortic dilatation and dissection in Turner syndrome: What we know, what we are unclear about and what we should do in clinical practice?
Authors: Wong Sze Choong , Cheung Michael , Zacharin Margaret
Published: June 2014

Aortic dilatation and aortic dissection are increasingly recognised in patients with Turner syndrome (TS). Risk factors for aortic dissection include aortic dilatation, bicuspid aortic valves, coarctation of aorta and pregnancy. The risk of death due to aortic dissection in pregnancy in TS is 2%, which is approximately 100 times higher than the general population, as maternal mortality is extremely low. Ongoing cardiovascular monitoring is recommended, although there remain several unanswered questions in relation to cardiovascular imaging especially the choice of modality for detection of vascular, valvular abnormalities and measurements of aortic dimensions. Due to the relative short stature of patients with TS, aortic dimensions need to be defined by aortic measurements adjusted for body surface area, known as aortic sized index (ASI). The relationship of ASI and other risk factors with aortic dissection is only beginning to be clarified. Clinical management and monitoring of such patients should be delivered by a group of clinicians familiar with the issues unique to TS patients in a multidisciplinary fashion. All clinicians including the non-specialists need to have a low threshold of suspecting aortic dissection in these adolescents and young adults. This up to date review, including a summary of all 122 published cases of TS patients with aortic dissection, aims to provide a summary of recent publications on characteristics of aortic dissection and aortic dilatation in TS to highlight gaps in knowledge and propose possible clinical monitoring pathway of cardiovascular health in children and adults with TS. Cardiovascular assessment and risk counselling is especially crucial during the period of transition of adolescents with TS, although life long monitoring by expert cognizant to the issues specific in TS is essential.
Outcome of adolescents with eating disorders from an adolescent medicine service at a large children’s hospital
Authors: Hergenroeder Albert C. , Wiemann Constance M. , Henges Christopher , Dave Amanda
Published: June 2014

Objective: To describe outcomes of adolescents with eating disorders treated by an interdisciplinary adolescent medicine service at a large children’s hospital and to identify factors, including hospitalization, associated with outcome.

Design: The study design was a retrospective chart review of patients.

Setting: The setting was an inpatient and outpatient adolescent service in a large urban children’s hospital.

Participants: A total of 218 adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified participated in the study.

Intervention: Interdisciplinary inpatient and outpatient treatment for eating disorders was adopted for intervention.

Outcome measures: Patient outcomes were categorized as fully recovered, partially recovered/improved, or poorly recovered/exhibiting chronicity.

Results: Being admitted to the study hospital once and longer duration of follow-up were associated with full or partial recovery. In contrast, being readmitted to the study hospital and longer duration of illness prior to the initial contact with this service were associated with poor recovery. Premorbid obesity was unrelated to outcome.

Conclusions: Earlier detection and referral of adolescents with eating disorders are needed because a high percentage of patients, especially those with anorexia nervosa, required hospitalization at initial contact. The benefits of inpatient admission may extend beyond medical stabilization of the most medically compromised patients to include improved therapeutic relationship with the treatment team and improved follow-up. Many patients prematurely terminate treatment; factors contributing to premature termination of therapy need further exploration.
Informal signs as expressions of multilingualism in Chisinau: how individuals shape the public space of a post-Soviet capital
Authors: Muth Sebastian
Published: June 2014

Informal and transient displays of written language such as graffiti, announcements and notes attached to walls and lampposts form an integral part of an urban linguistic landscape. Especially within multilingual contexts, individuals constantly shape the public space by the languages they use and make language choices that do not always reflect official language policies, commonly held perceptions or the demographic makeup within a certain area. The capital of the Republic of Moldova, Chisinau, proves to be an interesting area of research here, as – apart from a Romanian-speaking majority – the city is home to a large share of speakers of Russian, a language long considered to be the
Language contact, agency and power in the linguistic landscape of two regional capitals of Ethiopia
Authors: Woldemariam Hirut , Lanza Elizabeth
Published: June 2014

The issue of language contact in the linguistic landscape has been rarely addressed, especially in regards to issues of agency and power in this domain of multilingual practices. The linguistic landscape provides an arena for investigating agency as related to literacy, language rights and identity. In this article, we explore the linguistic landscape of two different regions in Ethiopia to provide an analysis of language contact that takes place between regional languages, which only recently have made the transition to literacy in the country as the result of a new language policy, and Amharic, the federal working language, which has a long and established history of literacy. The study is based on data collected through field work and participant observation from two federal regions in the country – Tigray and Oromia – two regions that have fought for the recognition of language rights, for Tigrinya and Oromo, the former a Semitic language like Amharic and the latter a Cushitic language. Results indicate ways in which speakers of the regional languages draw on their multilingual resources to create a new arena for language use and thereby assert their agency in developing new literacy practices.
Semiotic landscapes and mobile narrations of place: performing the local
Authors: Stroud Christopher , Jegels Dmitri
Published: June 2014

In this article, we explore some of the practices and mechanisms behind the multiple constructions of place and its meanings, focusing specifically on the diverse ways in which signage is read and incorporated into personal narratives of place. We employ a methodology of narrated walking that allows insights into how our informants actively construct the significance of local place as they navigate and move through space, and that also illustrates how signage discourses are enacted, performed, disputed and elaborated in local performativities of place. The article concludes by drawing out some implications for research on semiotic landscapes generally, and offers some suggestions on what such an approach to semiotic landscapes might contribute to a politics of local civility by taking into consideration how signage mediates local interpersonal relationships, the situated social dynamics of multivocality and, ultimately, the contesting lives of multiple publics.
Business Process Security Analysis – Design Time, Run Time, Audit Time
Authors: Böhr Frank , Ly Linh Thao , Müller Günter
Published: June 2014

This paper reports on approaches and tool support for security
and compliance analysis of executable business processes,
so-called workflows, employed in the GESINE project. Specifically,
focusing on the business layer and the corresponding workflow
entities along the business process management lifecycle (i. e.,
workflow model, instance and event log), the techniques reported
on in this paper cover the design time, run time and audit time
analysis. Their goal is to verify the adherence to security
requirements, such as the four-eyes principle and separation and
binding of duties. Altogether, the complementary techniques
described in this paper enable a holistic approach to ensure the
security of workflows.
Business Process Compliance: An Abstract Normative Framework
Authors: Governatori Guido
Published: June 2014

In this paper we propose an abstract framework to model the
deontic notions relevant for business process compliance. In
particular, we provide a comprehensive classification of the
obligation types relevant for modelling whether a process is
compliant, and we describe their semantics in terms of execution
traces.
Integrating Security Aspects into Business Process Models
Authors: Brucker Achim D.
Published: June 2014

Modern enterprise systems are often process-driven and, thus,
rely heavily on process-aware information systems. In such
systems, high-level process-models play an important role both for
communicating business requirements between domain experts and
system experts as well as basis for the system implementation.
Since several years, enterprise system need to fulfil an
increasing number of the security and compliance
requirements. Thus, there is an increasing demand for integrating
high-level security and compliance requirements into process
models, i. e. a common language for domain experts, system
experts, and security experts. We present a security modelling
language, called SecureBPMN, that can easily be integrated into
business process modelling languages. In this paper, we exemplary
integrate SecureBPMN into BPMN and, thus, present a common
language for describing business process models together with
their security and compliance requirements.
Security and Privacy in Business Processes:
A Posteriori Analysis Techniques
Authors: Strembeck Mark , Rinderle-Ma Stefanie
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we motivate the need to perform a posteriori
analyzes for process-related security properties. In particular,
we first discuss the relation of security engineering and
a-posteriori techniques. Subsequently, we give an overview of
different a-posteriori techniques for analyzing organizational
structures and access control policies. Finally, we provide
a discussion on application scenarios for different a-posteriori
techniques.
Thailand’s Market Power in Its Rice Export Markets
Authors: Mahanaseth Itthipong , Tauer Loren W.
Published: June 2014

We measure the degree of market power Thailand has in its major rice export markets. Elasticities of residual demands for Thai rice for its important export destinations of China, Indonesia, USA, and South Africa were estimated and used as indicators of the degree of competition or market power in each respective market. Thai rice exports were classified into four categories consisting of aggregated white rice, Hommali rice, glutinous rice, and parboiled rice. For aggregated rice exports, the results reveal that Thailand does not have market power to influence export prices in its four major export markets. Instead, Thailand faces fierce competition from the rice-exporting countries of Vietnam and India, whose rice appears to be very close substitutes to Thai rice. Likewise, in the case of the disaggregated Hommali rice export market, Thailand does not possess market power. However, results indicate that Thailand has some market power in the glutinous rice export markets to China and Indonesia. Lastly, Thailand appears to have significant market power over parboiled rice export to South Africa. These results are useful in ongoing discussions of Thailand rice policies.
Modulatory effects of cod liver oil on the antioxidant status and oxidative stress induced by acute exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) in experimental animal models
Authors: Omugba Abam Esther , Ajiboye Adebayo J. , Oyagbemi Ademola A. , Agofure Eze
Published: June 2014

Background: This work was designed to investigate the modulatory effects of cod liver oil on the acute exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) in experimental animal models.

Methods: Markers of oxidative stress, enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were assessed in the liver and kidney.

Results: The results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the total protein of the kidney of rats pretreated with cod liver oil compared to the control and CCL4-treated groups. Acute exposure to CCL4 also significantly (p<0.05) increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the liver of rats treated with cod liver oil compared to the CCL4-treated rats. The reduced glutathione (GSH) content in the liver of the rats administered with CCL4 decreased significantly compared to that in all other treatment groups, whereas rats pretreated and co-administered with cod liver oil and CCl4 showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the liver GSH content. The catalase (CAT) activity in the liver of rats exposed to CCL4 decreased (p<0.05) significantly, whereas the activity increased (p<0.05) significantly in the rats that were treated with cod liver oil compared to the CCl4 only-treated group. The percentage inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased (p<0.05) significantly in the liver of rats administered cod liver oil compared to the CCL4-treated rats and the control.

Conclusions: Taken together, cod liver oil attenuates CCL4-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in the liver but not in the kidney of rats acutely exposed to CCL4.
Ethics, Market, and the Federal Order. The Political Philosophy of Wilhelm Röpke
Authors: Lottieri Carlo
Published: June 2014

The moral and political philosophy of Wilhelm Röpke is among the finest instances of European classical liberalism in the twentieth century, and in many occasions he stated that only a society which understands the importance of markets can be reconciled with human dignity. Röpke elaborated a political theory that focused on the harmony between moral principles and economic law. In this sense, his liberalism is unique not only because it defends private property and competition as pillars of a thriving economy, but above all that it provides the preconditions of a society that can remain secure from the immorality of despotism and subsequent ethical degeneration. To that end he upheld an economic order based on voluntary cooperation as the basis for a more humane society, emphasizing the role of institutional competition and federalism. Röpke’s cultural conservatism should not therefore be misunderstood, as it is very much connected with his defense of the essential role of property. It is only in this sense that he found in liberal humanism a third way, which is not however situated halfway between the market and socialism, but which represents instead a defense of a competitive society that is aware of its own historical and cultural basis.
Sensor and Actuator Fault Diagnosis Based on Soft Computing Techniques
Authors: Khireddine Mohamed Salah , Chafaa Kheireddine , Slimane Noureddine , Boutarfa Abdelhalim
Published: June 2014

Computational intelligence techniques are being investigated as an extension of the traditional fault diagnosis methods. This article presents, for the first time, a scheme for fault detection and isolation (FDI) via artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic. It deals with the sensor fault of a three-link selective compliance assembly robot arm (SCARA) robot. A second scheme is proposed for fault detection and accommodation via analytical redundancy, and it deals with the sensor fault of a three-link SCARA robot. These proposed FDI approaches are implemented on Matlab/Simulink software and tested under several types of faults. The results show the importance of this process. Then, the sensor faults are detected and isolated successfully. Also, the actuator faults are detected and a fault tolerance strategy is used for reconfigurable control using a sliding-mode observer.
Pubertal development profile in patients with Turner syndrome
Authors: da Silva Negreiros Liza Pereira , Bolina Eduardo Rodrigues , Guimarães Marilia Martins
Published: June 2014

Puberty can be divided into two independent events: adrenarche and gonadarche. In healthy children, adrenarche is followed by gonadarche, but in patients with gonadal dysgenesis there is partial or complete dissociation between these two events.

To evaluate the age and chronology of the development of secondary sexual characteristics and occurrence of these events and their relationship to the induction of puberty in patients with Turner syndrome (TS).

A descriptive analysis with historical records of the patients with clinical and cytogenetic TS was conducted. The following variables were recorded: karyotype; age of thelarche, pubarche, and menarche; occurrence of spontaneous puberty; maintenance of puberty or secondary failure; and the onset of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen.

We evaluated 123 medical charts. Seven (5.7%) patients were prepubertal, 10 (8.1%) had only pubarche, and 5 (4%) had only thelarche. Forty-seven (38.2%) patients entered puberty spontaneously. Among these, 35 (28.5%) remained in puberty, and 12 (9.8%) required subsequent HRT; 54 (44%) had puberty induced. Sixty-six (56.9%) patients had pubarche started before thelarche. Menarche occurred in 67 patients, spontaneously in 19. Pubarche spontaneously presented in 91 (78.4%) patients, and in 25 (21.5%) after HRT introduction.

Spontaneous puberty occurred in approximately one-third of the patients. Pubarche was the first feature in most patients and about 20% showed pubarche only after estrogen therapy.