bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel single-tube LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b method for rapid and visual detection of zoonotic Toxoplasma gondii in the environment
Authors: Liang Yao , Xie Shi-Chen , Lv Yi-Han , He Yuan-Hui , Zheng Xiao-Nan , Cong Wei , Elsheikha Hany M. , Zhu Xing-Quan
Published: December 2024

Background

Toxoplasma gondii oocysts, excreted in cat feces, pose a significant health risk to humans through contaminated soil and water. Rapid and accurate detection of T. gondii in environmental samples is essential for public health protection.

Methods

We developed a novel, single-tube detection method that integrates loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12b system, and lateral flow immunoassay strips for rapid, visual identification of T. gondii. This method targets the T. gondii B1 gene, initially amplifies it with LAMP, directed by a single-guide RNA (sgRNA). It then recognizes the amplified target gene and activates trans-cleavage, cutting nearby single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) reporters. Fluorescence detection was performed using a 6-Carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-12N-Black Hole Quencher-1 (BHQ1) reporter, while Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)-12N-Biotin enabled visual detection on lateral flow strips. The method was tested for its ability to detect various T. gondii genotypes and related parasites, assessing its specificity and broad-spectrum applicability. It was further applied to real-world environmental samples to evaluate its practicality.

Results

The LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b method exhibited high specificity and broad-spectrum detection capability, successfully identifying nine T. gondii genotypes and distinguishing them from 11 other parasitic species. Sensitivity testing at both molecular (plasmid) and practical (oocyst) levels showed detection limits of 10  copies/μL and 0.1 oocyst, respectively. When applied to 112 environmental samples (soil, water, and cat feces), the method demonstrated 100% sensitivity, accurately reflecting known infection rates.

Conclusions

This LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12b single-tube method offers a robust, innovative approach for monitoring zoonotic T. gondii in environmental samples, with significant implications for public health surveillance.

Graphical Abstract
Enhancing the outcomes of bariatric surgery with inhibitory control training, electrical brain stimulation and psychosocial aftercare: a pilot study protocol
Authors: Rösch Sarah A. , Wünsche Lennart , Thiele Carsten , Reinstaller Therese , Zähle Tino , Schag Kathrin , Giel Katrin E. , Plewnia Christian , Steiner Johann , Junne Florian
Published: December 2024

Background

Notwithstanding the documented short- and long-term weight loss and remission of physical and mental diseases following bariatric surgery, a significant proportion of patients fail to respond (fully) to treatment in terms of physical and mental health improvement. Mounting evidence links food-specific impulsivity, prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypoactivity and disrupted hormone secretion in bariatric surgery candidates to poorer post-surgical health outcomes. Neuromodulatory treatments like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) uniquely target these neurobehavioral impairments. We present a pilot study protocol offering tDCS combined with an inhibitory control training and a structured psychosocial intervention to patients after bariatric surgery.

Methods

A total of N = 20 patients are randomized to 6 sessions of verum or sham tDCS over the PFC, combined with an individualized food-specific inhibitory control training and a structured psychosocial intervention within 18 months after bariatric surgery (t0). Beyond acceptability, feasibility and satisfaction of the intervention, effects of verum versus sham tDCS on food-specific impulsivity and on secondary outcomes quality of life, general impulsivity and psychopathology, food-related cravings, eating disorder psychopathology, weight trajectory and endocrine markers are assessed 4 weeks (t1) and 3 months after the intervention (t2).

Discussion

Results will provide information on the potential of combining tDCS with an inhibitory control training and a structured psychosocial intervention to enhance physical and mental outcomes after bariatric surgery. The present study may guide the development of future research with regard to tDCS as a brain-based intervention and of future post-surgical clinical programs, paving the way for randomized-controlled trials in larger samples.

Trial registration

The trial was prospectively registered on July 8, 2024, under the registration number DRKS00034620 in the German Clinical Trials Register (https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00034620).
Mapping cultural diversity conservation networks to enhance cultural sustainability in rural Southwest China
Authors: Li Hui , Gao Mengyao , Zhang Yue , Zhou Zhengxu
Published: December 2024

Cultural diversity conservation is crucial for global sustainability, especially in rural areas facing challenges such as shrinking settlements and integration into nature reserves. However, existing research lacks discussion on how to establish cultural diversity conservation areas while considering the trade-offs with nature reserves. To address this gap, we employ the SCP method to develop a planning framework that balances ecosystem service benefits for nature conservation with the effectiveness of cultural diversity conservation, applied in rural Southwest China. Our findings indicate that overly ambitious or conservative conservation goals hinder cultural diversity conservation, whereas a value-based scenario enhances conservation effectiveness and reduces conflicts with rural natural ecosystems. We propose rural cultural diversity conservation networks comprising 9 cultural diversity areas, 33 core conservation areas, and 233 subcatchments. Compared with existing systems, our new conservation networks improve effectiveness by 29.62% and reduce the impact on the ecosystem service benefits of ecological conservation by 23.65%. These findings provide guidance for global cultural diversity conservation planning and sustainable development across various regions and scales.
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of maxillary molar distalization treated with clear aligners combined with different traction methods
Authors: Gao Hongyu , Luo Liangyu , Liu Jun
Published: December 2024

Background

This study aimed to analyze the effects of maxillary molar distalization using clear aligners with different intramaxillary and intermaxillary traction via the three-dimensional (3D) finite element method.

Methods

A 3D finite element model consisting of the maxilla, mandible, dentitions, periodontal ligaments (PDLs), attachments, and clear aligners was constructed. Five groups were established based on different traction modalities: group 1 (control group); group 2 (orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) were implanted between the maxillary first molars and the second premolars on the buccal side); group 3 (OMIs were implanted in the infrazygomatic crest area between the maxillary first and second molars on the buccal side); group 4 (OMIs were implanted between the maxillary first molars and the second premolars on the palatal side); and group 5 (class II elastics were utilized between the maxillary canines and the mandibular first molars). OMIs were implanted 4 mm away from the alveolar crest in each experimental group. A force of 1.5 N was applied to each experimental group. The 3D displacement of the target teeth and stress distribution around the PDLs were analyzed.

Results

Group 4 exhibited the least amount of torque change in the upper anterior teeth and the highest displacement of the maxillary second molars. Group 3 showed smaller changes in anterior teeth torque and higher molar distalization efficiency compared to group 2. Group 5 showed adverse effects such as anterior teeth extrusion and mandibular anchorage loss.

Conclusion

OMIs implanted on the palatal side have advantages in preserving anterior teeth anchorage and improving the efficiency of molar distalization compared to those positioned on the buccal side. OMIs implanted in the infrazygomatic crest area between the first and second molars on the buccal side demonstrate benefits in the aforementioned aspects when compared to OMIs implanted between the first molars and the second premolars on the buccal side.
A systematic review of literature reviews on artificial intelligence in education (AIED): a roadmap to a future research agenda
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad Yasir , Tlili Ahmed , Lampropoulos Georgios , Huang Ronghuai , Jandrić Petar , Zhao Jialu , Salha Soheil , Xu Lin , Panda Santosh , Kinshuk  , López-Pernas Sonsoles , Saqr Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Despite the increased adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED), several concerns are still associated with it. This has motivated researchers to conduct (systematic) reviews aiming at synthesizing the AIED findings in the literature. However, these AIED reviews are diversified in terms of focus, stakeholders, educational level and region, and so on. This has made the understanding of the overall landscape of AIED challenging. To address this research gap, this study proceeds one step forward by systematically meta-synthesizing the AIED literature reviews. Specifically, 143 literature reviews were included and analyzed according to the technology-based learning model. It is worth noting that most of the AIED research has been from China and the U.S. Additionally, when discussing AIED, strong focus was on higher education, where less attention is paid to special education. The results also reveal that AI is used mostly to support teachers and students in education with less focus on other educational stakeholders (e.g. school leaders or administrators). The study provides a possible roadmap for future research agenda on AIED, facilitating the implementation of effective and safe AIED.
Metaphoric interventions for challenging irrational thoughts and attitudes in substance use disorders
Authors: Mohamed Hosnia Shehata , Hamad Manal Abo Elial Abo elkiat , Ahmed Gellan K. , Hassan Shymaa Mohammed Sayed
Published: December 2024

Background

Substance use disorders are often accompanied by irrational beliefs and unfavorable attitudes that contribute to their development and persistence. Metaphor therapy, utilizing stories and imagery, has emerged as a potential intervention to reshape thoughts. This study aimed to investigate the impact of metaphor therapy on irrational beliefs and attitudes among individuals with substance use disorders. A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Assiut University Hospital’s substance use inpatient unit from April to December 2023. A non-probability purposive sample of 115 individuals with substance use disorders was selected but only 100 were recruited and randomly assigned to study and control groups. The study group (n = 50) received six 90-min group metaphor therapy sessions over 6 months, while the control group (n = 50) received no intervention. Irrational beliefs and attitudes toward substance use were assessed using the Irrational Beliefs Scale and Attitude Toward Substance Abuse Questionnaire at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up.

Results

The metaphor therapy group demonstrated significant decreases in mean irrational belief subscale and total scores at post-treatment and follow-up compared to pre-treatment. Additionally, this group exhibited higher mean attitude scores, indicating more negative attitudes (rejection of substance use) during post-treatment and follow-up assessments. No significant changes were observed in the control group.

Conclusions

Metaphor therapy was effective in reducing irrational beliefs and fostering more favorable attitudes toward substance use among individuals with substance use disorders. The finding suggests metaphor therapy could be a valuable intervention for addressing cognitive and attitudinal factors contributing to substance use.
Mammographic parameters as predictors of molecular subtype of breast cancer: a prospective analysis
Authors: Rana Nidhi , Thakur Shruti , Thakur Vijay , Chauhan Arun , Gulati Anchana , Makhaik Sushma
Published: December 2024

Background

The prevalence of breast cancer is increasing globally and its early detection is the need of hour for giving the patient a long disease-free meaningful life. The latest management regimes depend upon the biological behavior of the breast cancer that itself relies upon expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her 2) neu status for its molecular subtyping.

Aim

To determine the predictive value of mammographic parameters in identifying the estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her 2) neu expression and molecular subtypes of breast cancer.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted from January 2021 to September 2022 in a tertiary care institute. The study enrolled 51 females with histopathologically proven invasive breast carcinoma. The patients underwent digital mammography followed by tissue biopsy. Mammographic parameters were based on Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) imaging features. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer were grouped into four subtypes based on St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Panel 2013. The mammographic features were then statistically correlated with molecular subtypes of breast cancer.

Results

Luminal type A was the most common molecular subtype in our study [ 17 (33.33%)] followed by triple negative type [10(19.61%)]. Tumors with non-circumscribed margins were predicted to be Luminal A or Luminal B subtype (p value < 0.02). Tumor with microcalcification was strongly predicted to be Her 2 subtype with a statistically significant association (p value < 0.001). Circumscribed tumors with absence of microcalcification were predicted to be triple-negative type of breast cancer.

Conclusions

Key features in mammography were significantly associated with breast cancer molecular subtypes. Knowledge of such correlations could help clinicians stratify breast cancer patients according to their likely molecular subtypes, potentially enabling earlier, more effective treatment or aiding in therapeutic decisions in countries where immunohistochemical (IHC) hormone receptor and Her 2 testing is not readily available.
Improved integral neural distinguisher model for lightweight cipher PRESENT
Authors: Wu Wanqing , Guo Mingyu
Published: December 2024

PRESENT is a lightweight block cipher, which has attracted many scholars to research its security. In 2022, Zahednejad et al. proposed the integral neural distinguisher on round-reduced PRESENT. In this paper, a new integral neural distinguisher for PRESENT is constructed. In contrast to Zahednejad’s works, the proposed integral neural distinguisher can improve the number of attack rounds in one round. This paper proposes a new data format ($$invP_{0}^{n},invP_{1}^{n},\ldots ,invP_{15}^{n},invS_{0}^{n},invS_{1}^{n},\ldots ,invS_{15}^{n}$$

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), which can exposes more features of PRESENT previous round ciphertext. Simultaneously, this paper incorporates MBConv module into the convolutional layers of DenseNet, which enable the neural network to identify a greater variety of features in ciphertext. The data format of the paper is analysed. The results of the analysis show that the data format in this paper is able to identify more features compared to Zahednejad’s data format. Further to this, experiments are performed on PRESENT using the integral neural distinguisher in this paper. The experimental results show that the changes make to the neural network and data format have improved the accuracy of distinguishers. Finally, key recovery attacks are conducted on the integral neural distinguishers of SmallPresent-(8) to demonstrate the efficacy of the distinguisher proposed in this paper. The results demonstrate that the key recovery success rates for 5-round and 6-round are 98% and 90%, considering error bits within a range of two bits.
A novel approach for risk assessment optimization in big data platforms using SMT solvers
Authors: Saif Sherif M. , AbdElSamea Amany
Published: December 2024

Big Data platforms store vast amounts of information, necessitating robust security measures, including risk-based approaches. Risk assessment, a key part of Information Security Management Systems (ISMS), involves evaluating threats, vulnerabilities, and documenting risks through risk registers. Organizations face the challenge of allocating resources effectively to implement controls that mitigate these risks. This involves calculating risk scores before and after control implementation and prioritizing them—an NP-Complete (Nondeterministic Polynomial-time Complete) problem. This paper presents a mathematical model for solving this using the Z3 Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver. The model enables risk-based planning for security implementation in big data platforms. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, with the system processing up to 11 risks (almost 40 million permutations) efficiently, compared to brute force methods, which struggle beyond six risks (720 permutations).
Efficacy of red algae and artichoke extracts in disrupting antioxidant/PI3K/RBP-4 pathway in high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in rats
Authors: Alrashidi Bashayer Khaled , Abd-Elmoneam Alshimaa A. , Ghareeb Ahmad Z. , Ghareeb Doaa A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Insulin resistance (IR) leads to various metabolic abnormalities, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Natural products rich in nontoxic phytochemicals are cost-effective and widely used to manage insulin resistance, reducing drug interactions. Artichoke stems and red algae contain several phytochemical compounds that exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Aim

This study aims to explore and compare the preventive and therapeutic effects of red algae and artichoke stem extracts against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and then compare their impacts with those of the reference drug metformin, which is commonly used for treating type 2 diabetes.

Methods

The animals were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks to induce insulin resistance. The plants were then treated orally with 100 mg/kg body weight red algae, artichoke extracts, or metformin per day for 14 days. The protective rat groups received the extracts at the same dose for 14 days before being fed the high-fat diet for eight weeks. Commercial kits and standardized methods were used to measure blood diabetic profiles (glucose, insulin, lipid profile, fructosamine, and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4)) and liver oxidative stress parameters, nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN).

Results

Our results showed that both extracts inhibited NF-κB and PTEN while enhancing PI3K, RPB-4, and PPAR-γ due to their potent antioxidant properties. They also increased insulin sensitivity, as reflected by reduced blood glucose and lipid profile levels and normalized fructosamine and RBP-4. Additionally, these extracts prevent oxidative stress-induced hepatic and nephric cell dysfunction, as confirmed by improved blood, liver, and kidney parameters.

Conclusion

Therefore, both extracts could be good antioxidant treatments for oxidative stress-related insulin resistance because they restore the balance of the PI3K/PPAR-γ/RBP-4 pathway. This pathway increases glucose uptake, stops gluconeogenesis, speeds up lipid metabolism, and stops the inflammation pathway.
Therapeutic Clinical Trial Eligibility and Enrollment among Women with Breast Cancer: Implications for Understanding Trial Disparities
Authors: Reh Nicole , Caston Nicole E. , Williams Courtney P. , Dwarampudi Sindhu R. , Elkhanany Ahmed , Khoury Katia , Stringer-Reasor Erica , Jahan Nusrat , Rocque Gabrielle B. , Gutnik Lily A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Therapeutic clinical trials frequently lack diverse representation, hindering generalizability and exacerbating preexisting disparities in clinical outcomes. This study explored associations between breast cancer patient demographics, clinical trial eligibility, and enrollment in a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer center.

Patients and methods

This prospective cohort study included patients with breast cancer screened for therapeutic clinical trials from July 2020 to January 2024. Eligibility was determined by the provider and study coordinator. Patient characteristics were abstracted from the electronic medical record. Rurality and neighborhood disadvantage were mapped by address using rural–urban commuting area codes and area deprivation index (ADI), respectively. Likelihood of eligibility and enrollment by race, rurality, and neighborhood disadvantage were evaluated using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from modified Poisson regression models.

Results

Of 343 patients screened for therapeutic trials, the mean age was 56 years (SD 13), 33% were Black/other race, 22% lived in highly disadvantaged areas, and 16% in rural areas. Most patients were screened for one trial (87%). Overall, 54% of patients were eligible for trials, and of those, 58% enrolled. Similar likelihoods of eligibility and enrollment were seen by race and rurality. Though not significant, patients living in highly disadvantaged areas trended toward higher likelihood of enrollment (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99–1.55).

Conclusions

Over half of trial-eligible patients, even across race, rurality, or neighborhood disadvantage, enrolled, surpassing the national average. In contrast to national trends, there was higher enrollment among patients of higher ADI.
Viral interactions with host factors (TIM-1, TAM -receptors, Glut-1) are related to the disruption of glucose and ascorbate transport and homeostasis, causing the haemorrhagic manifestations of viral haemorrhagic fevers.
Authors: Chicano Wust Ivan
Published: December 2024

The haemorrhagic features of viral haemorrhagic fevers may be caused by common patterns of metabolic disturbances of the glucose and ascorbate homeostasis. Haemorrhages and vasculature disfunctions are a clinical feature not only of viral haemorrhagic fevers, but also in scurvy, diabetes and thrombotic microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. Interestingly, the expression of glucose and ascorbate transporter Glut-1 on the erythrocyte membrane is associated with the inability to synthesize ascorbate and is restricted to that very species that are susceptible to filoviruses (primates, humans and fruit bats). Glut-1 may play a pivotal role in haemorrhagic fever pathogenesis. TIM-1 and TAM receptors have been recognized to enhance entry of Ebola, Lassa and Dengue viruses and viral interferences with TIM-1 could disturb its function, disturbing the expression of Glut-1. In those species not able to synthesize ascorbate and expressing Glut-1 on erythrocytes virus could interact with Glut-1 or other functionally related protein, and the influx of glucose into the cells would be severely impaired. As a consequence, transient hyperglycemia and a marked oxidative stress coupled with the high levels of glucose in plasma would be established, and then promote the activation of NF–κB transcription, exacerbating a pro-inflammatory response mediated by cytokines and chemokines: The inability to synthesize ascorbate is an Achilles Heel when trying to counteract the oxidative stress.
Natural disaster and medication preparedness among elderly: a scoping review
Authors: Yuliwulandari Rika , El Mahroos Rifda , Febriawan Zulfan , Wibowo Adi , Kusuma Devi Debrina , Danu Prasetya Johan , Agung Cahyadi Tedy , Teguh Paripurno Eko , Arfindra Setiawan Reza Pahlevi Ramadhani , Khan Hafiz T.A
Published: December 2024

Introduction The increasing number of older people and their vulnerability to disaster and medication preparedness as the primary elements of disaster mitigation are necessary to reduce the impact of a disaster. Nevertheless, research on natural disasters and medication preparedness in the elderly population is still lacking. This review aimed to explore all reported research and publications related to natural disasters and medication preparedness among the elderly. Methods A scoping review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A literature search was conducted using the following four databases: Scopus, PubMed, Sage, and Google Scholar. Screening was conducted using the following criteria: articles written in English, open access, and published between 2020 and 2024. Articles must discuss natural disasters and medication preparedness. In the data search, we input several keywords that include “elderly,” “natural disaster,” “preparedness,” and “medication.” Snowballing was then conducted to find articles on preparedness interventions. Data extraction and analysis were then performed. Results and conclusion The findings from this literature review are the majority of studies showing that most elderly people are not well prepared in facing disasters; however, through various programs that have been implemented by either the government or community, the elderly show more preparation when they encounter any natural disaster.
Residual flexural performance of large-scale ferronickel slag alkali-activated concrete slabs after fire exposure
Authors: Arce Andres , Kapsalis Panagiotis , Stefanini Laura , Papanicolaou Catherine G. , Triantafillou Thanasis C.
Published: December 2024

Background This study explores the flexural behavior of unfired and fired one-way slabs constructed from reinforced ferronickel slag-based alkali-activated concrete (AAC). Despite growing interest in AAC as a sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC), limited research exists on large-scale structural elements, particularly under post-fire conditions. Methods Four slabs (2.1 × 0.9 × 0.18 m3) were tested: two made of AAC and two of OPC concrete with comparable compressive strengths. In each group, one slab served as a reference and was tested under monotonic four-point bending in its original state. The other was exposed to a standard fire curve on the tensioned side, then cooled to ambient conditions before mechanical testing. Additional analyses, including mercury intrusion porosity (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were conducted to evaluate fire-induced microstructural changes in the AAC slabs. Results The AAC slabs demonstrated a load capacity 6% lower than OPC slabs. However, AAC slabs exhibited better post-fire retention of stiffness and ductility. Microstructural analysis revealed increased porosity and microcracking in AAC after fire exposure, which influenced its mechanical performance. Conclusions The results suggest that ferronickel slag-based AAC can provide comparable performance to OPC concrete in flexural applications, with enhanced retention of stiffness and ductility after fire exposure. These findings support the viability of AAC for structural applications while highlighting its resilience under post-fire conditions.
Towards sustainable 6G: A collaborative call to action for addressing environmental challenges in (and thanks to) future mobile networks
Authors: Decorme Regis , Faye Sébastien , Calisti Monique , Pryor Simon , Dey Indrakshi , Fanti Maria Pia , Malandrino Francesco , Lombardo Chiara
Published: December 2024

As mobile networks evolve towards 6G, sustainability must be a central focus to address the environmental impacts of increasing energy consumption and resource use. This open letter highlights insights from the "Towards Sustainable 6G" workshop, where seven EU-funded projects - 6G4Society, BeGREEN, COALESCE, IN2CCAM, CENTRIC, 6Green, and 6G-TWIN - showcased innovative solutions for integrating energy efficiency, renewable energy, and ecological resilience into next-generation mobile networks. The projects emphasize AI-driven optimisation, sustainable infrastructure design, and cross-disciplinary collaboration as key strategies for reducing the ecological footprint of 6G systems. A joint statement underscores the necessity of embedding sustainability into 6G design, with follow-up activities planned to advance green telecommunications.
Translating The Sacred: Islamic Law, Ottoman Readership, and Two Examples of a Transitional Genre
Authors: Tan Oguzhan
Published: December 2024

The historical tenses around the translation of the Qurʾān have brought about transitional genres in Qurʾānic exegetical literature. In the absence of contemporary Qurʾān translations, the first genre to appear was “interlinear translations”, which were study books that provided disjointed translations of the words and phrases of the Qurʾān’s passages but not textual translations of the passages. The characteristics of a contemporary Qurʾānic translation were absent from these study books, which began as fragmented works and developed into comprehensive works. The jurisprudential question of whether the Qurʾān could be translated into other languages was joined by a new argument in the 8th/15th century: the Qurʾān’s reproduction on printing presses. Thus, conservatism about the sacred nature of the Qurʾānic text expanded from translation to publication. This standpoint shifted, particularly in the 11th/17th century in Ottoman Turkey, as a result of the transformative impacts of modernity. Thus, another transitional genre of what I call “quasitranslations” emerged. They were books that included translations of certain short Qurʾānic commentaries written in Arabic or Persian alongside translated excerpts from other Islamic works. Two of the most popular early examples of this genre in Turkish were the Tibyān of ʿAyntābī Meḥmed Efendī (d. 1110/1699) and Mawākib of Ismāʿīl Farrūkh Efendī (d. 1256/1840). Much like the broader process of Ottoman modernization, these works had a hybrid character: they were neither literal translations of the Qurʾān nor merely translations of the short tafsīr volumes whose titles they bore; instead, they were a mixture of both, offering a scope of interpretation customized according to local demands and sensibilities. Second, the barriers before the publication of the Qurʾān and other Islamic books were lifted, marking a great transformation in Islamic intellectual history. Those who adhered to the same theological tradition now allowed and even encouraged the Qurʾān translation, which had been met with resistance a century ago. This study addresses the transformation of the Qurʾānic scripture from the perspectives of Islamic law and theology, Ottoman theopolitics, and modernity.
On the Influence of the Professional Structure of Employment on the Russian Economy
Authors: Basovskaya Elena , Basovskiy Leonid
Published: December 2024

The paper attempts to identify the relationship between the professional structure of employment and per capita income in modern Russia based on correlation analysis and construction of regression models using regional statistics. The obtained research results show that the expansion of the scale of using the labor of managers, the labor of operators of production plants and machines, assemblers and drivers can contribute to the growth of per capita production. The use of unskilled workers, whose number is from 7% to 18% of employed workers, reduces the level of per capita production, indicating the use of technologies of relict technological structures. The absence of a significant impact on per capita production of specialists indicates that their role in accelerating scientific and technological progress is insignificant. This may be due to the insufficient volume of scientific research and development, limited funding for this area of activity.
Foreign Experience in the Formation of Institutional Conditions for the Adaptation of Agri-Food Systems to Climate Change
Authors: Kadomtseva Marina
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the study is due to the need to ensure sustainable development of agri-food systems (AFS) in the context of global climate change. The search for an answer to the climate challenge requires studying effective institutional mechanisms for adapting AFS in countries with developed climate economies. The article presents the experience of state support for adaptation measures implemented within the framework of the Common Agricultural Policy in the EU countries. The main national programs of the EU member states are analyzed and their distinctive features are identified. Particular attention is paid to financial instruments for supporting public and private initiatives in the direction of increasing the resilience of agri-food systems to climate change.
Characteristics of the Problem Field of Resource Provision for State and Municipal Management of the Development of Physical Culture and Sports
Authors: Shishkin Andrey
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the types of resource provision in the field of physical culture and sports. The analysis of the formation of types of management activities aimed at the development of physical culture and sports in various subordinate organizations is carried out. A comparison is made of various statistical indicators that characterize both financial injections into the field of physical culture and sports, as well as existing achievements in the field of sports infrastructure formation on the example of such sports facilities as swimming pools, stadiums, planar sports facilities, gyms. Considering various types of resource provision, there is a shortage of them. In particular, according to the results of the study, a problem field has been formed, consisting of individual factors, working with which will allow a balanced approach to the formation of a resource base in the field of physical culture and sports.
PCSK9 inhibitors – new era of dyslipidemia treatment - effectiveness in reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Szydłowski Radosław , Bodera Magdalena , Porwolik Hanna , Porwolik Agata , Pabis Patrycja , Porwolik Agnieszka , Rabstein Dominik , Gościniewicz Piotr
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Abnormal blood cholesterol levels in patients with increased cardiovascular risk have a worse prognosis for patient survival. Treating dyslipidemia is important because it can improve patient comfort and safety. It sometimes happens that currently used drugs to lower cholesterol are not effective - patients develop tolerance or experience serious side effects. For this reason, scientists are looking for new drugs with a different mechanism of action. An example of such a group of drugs are PCSK9 inhibitors used to treat dyslipidemia. In this paper, we will look at the effectiveness of currently used PCSK9 inhibitors, but also at the potential risks associated with their use.
Material and methods: We searched for materials for this work in the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords: "dyslipidemia", "cardiovascular disease", "PCSK9 inhibitors", "statins". Then we analyzed the selected materials.
Aim of the study: Evaluation of the
Conclusion: PCSK9 inhibitors are drugs that are very effective in lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), while reducing cardiovascular risk and potentially having long-lasting effects. Scientists are looking for new PCSK9 inhibitors with different mechanisms of action, which will be an even more effective therapy in lowering LDL-C.
A rare case of limited granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting as bilateral parotitis
Authors: Bandari Vandana , Apenteng Sandra , Kaul Aaradhana
Published: December 2024

Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis affecting small and medium-sized vessels, commonly involving the respiratory tract and kidneys. Salivary gland involvement, particularly bilateral parotitis, is an uncommon presentation of GPA. Case Report: We report the case of a 38-year-old Asian male who presented with left ear pain and parotid swelling after a water park visit. Initially treated with antibiotics for suspected otitis externa, his symptoms worsened, leading to bilateral parotitis, facial palsy, and otomastoiditis. Imaging revealed parotid abscesses and lab results showed elevated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), specifically cytoplasmic ANCA directed against proteinase 3, confirming the diagnosis of GPA. Cultures and autoimmune workups for other causes, such as Sjogren’s syndrome and immunoglobulin G4-related disease, were negative. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and methotrexate resulted in significant clinical improvement. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering GPA in atypical presentations such as parotitis, even in the absence of renal involvement. Early diagnosis and appropriate immunosuppressive therapy are critical to prevent further complications in multisystem involvement.
Ruptured: Retrospective Analysis Undertaken for Patients Treated for Unexplained Retroperitoneal or Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department
Authors: Mroczek Thomas J , Ahmed Shahzad , Chan Thim Yung , Zajac John , Al-Idari Romaih , Ravichandran Anukiran
Published: December 2024

Aims/Background Symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms carry significant mortality risk. This is supplemented by the Royal College of Emergency Medicine guidelines which suggest imaging for patients 50 years of age or older presenting with unexplained abdominal, flank, or back pain. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and mortality rates of patients with symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms in a high-risk population and to assess scanning rates in the accident and emergency department.

Methods Retrospective analysis of patients presenting to the accident and emergency department at a district general hospital over 6 months was performed. Patients 50 years of age or older presenting with abdominal, flank, or back pain were included. Collected data points included; whether or not a scan was performed in the emergency department, the modality of imaging, whether an abdominal aortic aneurysm was identified on the scan, the age of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysms identified on the scan, size of the identified abdominal aortic aneurysms, primary diagnosis at the time of review in the emergency department, and all-cause mortality rates.

Results 361 patients were identified to have an indicated scan, of which only 122 (33.8%) had a scan in the emergency department. In the syndromic group, the prevalence and 30-day mortality of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm were 5.5% and 1.1% respectively. Only 12 out of 20 patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm were identified in the emergency department.

Conclusion The criteria outlined by the Royal College of Emergency Medicine does well at identifying patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms when followed. However, this study reveals that scanning rates in the emergency department are low. The encouragement of scanning and improved ultrasound skills among emergency medicine clinicians can reduce missed diagnoses. Additionally, we recommend further studies to assess the mortality rates of emergent abdominal aortic aneurysm presentations.
Comparison of the effectiveness of blacklight blue lamp and wood lamp in the screening of tinea capitis
Authors:   Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand., Prunglumpoo Sutsarun , Sriphet Buaphet ,   Southern Regional Hospital of Tropical Dermatology Trang Province, Thailand, Khaonim Kitipan ,   Southern Regional Hospital of Tropical Dermatology Trang Province, Thailand, Intarachaieua Klaichan ,   Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: December 2024

Background: Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection of the scalp in children. Most cases are caused by Microsporum canis or Trichophyton mentagrophyte. Wood lamps screen for tinea capitis by detecting green-yellow fluorescence produced by tryptophan metabolites. Because wood lamps are expensive and replacement parts are difficult to find during maintenance, we have developed a blacklight blue lamp device with a similar wavelength that is cheaper than wood lamps.

Objective: To evaluate the BLB lamp device for screening tinea capitis by determining the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy compared to fungus culture (gold standard).

Materials and methods: One hundred seventy-five patients with suspected tinea capitis were tested using KOH examination, fungal culture, a Wood lamp, and a blacklight blue lamp device. The research data obtained will be used to analyze the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the blacklight blue lamp device by comparing it using various methods.

Results: The analysis assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the blacklight blue lamp device, Wood lamp, and KOH preparation when comparing fungal culture as the standard method for diagnosing tinea capitis. The sensitivity was 99.39%, 100%, and 100%, specificity was 100%, 90.91%, and 100%, and accuracy was 99.43%, 99.43%, and 100%, respectively. The p-value for the three methods’ differences was 0.723 for sensitivity, 0.735 for specificity, and 0.676 for accuracy. These results show that the differences between the two methods’ sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The blacklight blue lamp device effectively screened tinea capitis with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy that were not significantly different from the wood lamp. It may be an inexpensive tool used as a substitute in the health service system.
Growth performance and carcass quality of Tre chickens raised in different levels of saline water
Authors:   School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam, Linh Nguyen Thuy , Qui Nguyen Hoang ,   School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam, Thi Truc Linh Nguyen ,   School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam, Van Vui Nguyen ,   School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam, Thanh Trung Truong ,   School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam, Thi Kim Dong Nguyen ,   College of Applied Biology, Tay Do University, Can Tho City 90000, Vietnam
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to find the effect of saline water on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of Tre chickens. A total of 150 Tre chickens was allotted in five treatments and three replicates per treatment. A completely randomized design was used for this study in which the birds from 4-14 weeks old had ad libitum access to feed and water in all treatments with five levels of salt (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8%). The results showed that the growth performance of Tre chicken was decreased when increased levels of salt in drinking water (P<0.05). The birds avoided drinking water from treatment with salt of 0.8% (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio of birds was lowest at the treatment of 0 and 0.2%. Besides, carcass traits (carcass, breast, thigh, and gizzard weight) were decreased significantly when the level of salt in drinking water increased over 0.2% (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between 0-0.2% salt in drinking water (P>0.05). Small intestine weight was longer at control treatment while large intestine was longer at treatment of 0.2% salt. Additionally, all examined criteria were decreased significantly with 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% of salt in drinking water (P<0.05). It can be concluded that Tre chickens’ growth could tolerant the salinity in drinking water up to 0.2%. With over 0.2% salt in drinking water, chicken’s performance might be reduced.
Effects of olive oil-treated diet and key lime juice-treated drinking water on intake and growth performance of quail
Authors:   Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan 90509, Sabah, Malaysia, Rahman Mohammad Mijanur , Sukor Suhaily Auni ,   Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia, Umami Nafiatul ,   Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Fauna No. 3 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Mohamad Sukri Suniza Anis ,   Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: December 2024

The study aims to determine the efficacy of an olive oil-treated diet and key lime juice (KLJ)-treated drinking water on the intake and growth performance of quail. A total of 324 quails were divided into 6 groups: commercial feed (I) as a control group and formulated feed (II-VI) as a treatment group. Formulated feeds were prepared using olive oil, and drinking water was treated with KLJ at 0ml/kg+0ml/L (II), 1.5ml/kg+2.0ml/L (III), 3.0ml/kg+2.0ml/L (IV), 1.5ml/kg+4.0ml/L (V), and 3.0ml/kg+4.0ml/L (VI), respectively. Each group included 54 quails with 6 replicates of 9 birds each. The formulated feed contained lower crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude ash (CA), and metabolizable energy (ME), but higher crude fiber (CF) than commercial feed. The treatment groups had no (P>0.05) effect on dry matter, organic matter, or CP intakes. However, there was a higher EE intake in the control group, while a higher CF intake was observed in the treatment group. The control group showed lower water intake than others. Groups IV and V showed higher weight gain than groups II, III, and VI, but no difference was observed in group I. Regarding feed conversion ratio (FCR), groups IV and V showed the lowest and similar values, while group II demonstrated the highest. Considering its positive effects on weight gain and FCR, it can be recommended to add olive oil to the diet and KLJ in water