bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presence and Perceptions of Menstrual Dysfunction and Associated Quality of Life Measures Among High School Female Athletes
Authors: Armento Aubrey , VanBaak Karin , Seehusen Corrine N. , Sweeney Emily A. , Wilson Julie C. , Howell David R.
Published: February 2021

Context

Adolescent female athletes are at risk for menstrual dysfunction in the setting of exercise and low energy availability. Education regarding menstrual dysfunction and its associated consequences is important to promote athlete wellbeing.

Objective

The primary aim was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of female athletes who believed that losing their period was a normal response to high training demands. The secondary aim was to explore the relationship between menstrual dysfunction and patient-reported quality of life measures.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Preparticipation evaluations for a local high school district.

Patients or Other Participants

Female athletes, 13–18 years old (n = 90).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Health history, family affluence, and patient-reported quality of life measures.

Results

Forty four percent (n = 40) of 90 adolescent athletes answered that losing their period was a normal response to a high level of training, and this group had a lower body mass index, were less likely to report being worried about their current weight, and had a higher family affluence level than those who answered that losing their period was not a normal response to training. The overall prevalence of menstrual dysfunction was 28%. After adjusting for age and body mass index, we found that menstrual dysfunction was significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety, fatigue, and pain interference.

Conclusions

Nearly half of our sample of adolescent female athletes perceived losing their period was a normal response to high training demands. Females with menstrual dysfunction reported higher levels of anxiety, fatigue, and pain interference than those without menstrual dysfunction. Understanding adolescent perceptions of menstrual dysfunction and the characteristics of those with menstrual dysfunction can guide the development of future educational interventions aimed at athletes at risk for the female athlete triad.
Evaluation of audible leak versus pressure volume loop closure for polyvinyl chloride cuff and polyurethane microcuff in endotracheal tube inflated with air
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Abhilasha  , Sharma Jyoti , Kaur Kiranpreet , Bharadwaj Mamta , Singh Anu
Published: February 2021

Cuff pressure of endotracheal tube (ETT) must be high enough to seal the trachea, and must be low enough to allow adequate perfusion of tracheal mucosa. Compared with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cuffed tubes, polyurethane cuffed tubes protect more efficiently. Different methods of ETT cuff pressure maintenance in practice have been reported. We planned to compare ETT cuff pressure using different techniques in PVC and polyurethane microcuff tubes in a prospective randomized study. Eighty surgical patients between 16–65 years belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–III, scheduled for orotracheal intubation under general anaesthesia, were included. All enrolled patients were randomized into four groups (n = 20 per group), followed by corresponding treatments, including intubation by PVC ETT or polyurethane microcuff ETT and cuff inflation by auscultation of audible leak or pressure volume loop. Amount of air required to inflate cuff was more in polyurethrane tube as compared to polyvinyl tube. While comparing the two methods of cuff inflation, less volume of air was required in pressure volume loop method. We concluded that PVC cuff tube and polyurethane microcuff tube both are safe tubes used in adult patients. However, when inflated using same technique polyurethane microcuff tubes required larger volume to inflate cuff. Further, pressure generated in polyurethane microcuff tubes in much lower than PVC tubes. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Pt B D Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak (No. IEC/Th/18/Anst15) on January 20, 2018 and registered with Clinical Trials Registry-India (registration No. CTRI/2019/01/017170) on January 18, 2019.
The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Alpinia officinarum Hance Mediated by the Suppression of NF-kappaB and MAPK Signaling
Authors: Li Chia-Yu , Cheng Szu-En , Wang Sue-Hong , Wu Jane-Yii , Hsieh Chang-Wei , Tsou Hsi-Kai , Tsai Ming-Shiun
Published: February 2021

This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Alpinia officinarum Hance extract (AOE) and identify its main active ingredients. AOE was obtained using a 95% ethanol extraction method. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to induce an inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that AOE exerts anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of prostaglandin E2 secretion and cyclooxygenase -2 (COX-2) production. We further analyzed the components of AOE using high-performance liquid chromatography and found that AOE is comprised of several bioactive flavonoids including quercetin (Q), kaempferol (K), galangin (G), and curcumin (C). These four flavonoids effectively inhibited nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α production. Moreover, they reduced COX-2 and inducible NO synthase expressions via regulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways. Furthermore, we compared and contrasted the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of these four flavonoids at the same dose in the LPS-induced cell inflammation model. The results showed that C is the most effective inhibitor of LPS-induced NO production. However, only Q and K effectively attenuated LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 elevations. In conclusion, AOE and its major bioactive compounds exert anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammation. As A. officinarum Hance is much cheaper than any of its four flavonoids, especially G, we suggest using AOE as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Neuropsychological Correlates of Community Function among Major Depressive Disorder Outpatients Without Comorbidity in Hong Kong
Authors: Ahorsu Daniel Kwasi , Chung Ken , Wong Ho Hon , Yiu Michael Gar Chung , Mok Yat Fung , Lei Ka Shun , Tsang Hector W. H.
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

This exploratory cross-sectional study examined the effect of depression on neuropsychological and community function among major depressive disorder (MDD) outpatients without comorbidity in comparison with healthy controls (HCs).

Methods:

Sixty-nine participants (23 for each group) participated in the study. They were assessed on psychological, neuropsychological function, and community function skills.

Results:

The results revealed that first episode MDD and recurrent episodes MDD outpatients still have a significantly higher level of depression, impaired mental state, and executive function and worse community function compared with HCs. Intervariable relationships analysis revealed qualitative differences between the three groups.

Conclusion:

The study provides preliminary evidence that MDD outpatients may need more targeted cognitive and psychosocial interventions to improve their executive and community function skills. Larger-scale studies to increase the validity and generalizability of the pilot data are suggested.
Learning to teach for mathematical proficiency: Behavioural changes for pre-service teachers on teaching placement
Authors: Makamure Chipo
Published: February 2021

This study reports on an investigation of how field experiences in teaching prepares pre-service teachers (PSTs) to effectively deal with the challenges and complexities of teaching mathematics in Zimbabwean secondary schools. The study was premised on the view that improvement in learning secondary school mathematics in the classroom is related to practitioner development in teaching. However, despite overwhelming research on mathematics knowledge for teachers, the problem of mathematics failure in high schools has not been addressed. A mixed methods approach, based on the perspectives of PSTs on teaching practice (TP) was employed to depict how their practices impact on their knowledge development for teaching mathematics. The study, found that a proficient mathematics PST is considered one who embraces knowledge of mathematics content and the ability to teach it. Hence, the development of mathematics knowledge for PSTs requires them to be mentored and workshopped by mathematics subject specialists who are well positioned in terms of mathematics pedagogy and mathematics content knowledge.
The Evolution of Pastoral Care Ministry through the Ages
Authors: Jibiliza Xolisa
Published: February 2021

People are commanded by Jesus to love one another as he loved us (John 13:34). We are called to be conduits of God’s grace to others in our community. Christ’s love for us should motivate us to love others in response. Pastoral care is then intentional Christian care for others. It derives from God and its goal is that people might experience not only human care but God’s infinite love for humanity. The pastor, priest or minister plays a very decisive role in feeding the church not only spiritually as its shepherd, but also by providing the essential leadership and direction necessary for the church to achieve its chief mission and directive. Pastoral care and counseling represent a means by which the shepherd and leader of the church fulfills his spiritual and social responsibility to the church. Pastoral care and counseling are the needed ingredients in the life of
the church. When these are absent, no real tie between the church leadership and parishioners can exist. Pastoral counseling and care are needed to tackle a myriad of challenges members face. This brief research paper sought to acknowledge the historical evolution of pastoral care ministry through the ages. The paper revealed the following themes: definition of what evolution is, an explanation of the notion of pastoral care, what students think about pastoral care, and it ultimately leads to a conclusion on pastoral care. Furthermore, this paper sought to give an impact of the notion of pastoral care to the lives of church members. This paper also revealed the origins and features of pastoral care ministry in the New Testament era. Furthermore the evolution of
pastoral care is briefly addressed through a range of historical factors of the church. The functions of pastoral care are also discussed to an extent. Lastly, some dimensions and aims of pastoral care are also addressed.
Communal Religious Education in a Multicultural Indonesian Church
Authors: Wowor Jeniffer
Published: February 2021

The reality of diversity is an integral part of Gereja Protestan di Indonesia bagian Barat (The Protestant Church in Western Indonesia, abbreviated as GPIB). This contextual plurality is the church’s wealth, which should make an essential contribution to its ministry. However, a singular challenge that arises in light of that diversity relates to the strong emphasis on “church unity”—which should be a supportive element—thus contributing to problems with the church’s ministry and pedagogy. How is this so? Given that centralized efforts to promote unity correlate closely with the imposition of rules that dominate and determine Christian religious education in the church, this article asserts the necessity of communal identity for an ongoingly diverse reality; communal identity, in other words, must not be destroyed in the name of promoting unity. The argument unfolds in three stages, entailing (1) a summary of the current context of the GPIB and problems it faces, (2) an academic study of the objectives of Christian religious education, to be considered in the context of the GPIB, and (3) a rationale for setting these objectives. Through these three stages, the communal vision is expected to contribute to the church’s ministry and education in the midst of the congregation and the whole Indonesian society with its multicultural context.
Mendedah Lokalitas, Menuju Interseksionalitas
Authors: Yosia Adrianus
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini akan mendedah penggunaan teologi interseksionalitas pada konteks pluralitas identitas sosial dari Tionghoa-Injili di Indonesia. Klaim saya adalah pluralitas identitas sosial dari kaum Tionghoa-Injili Indonesia di dalam konteks kerusuhan Mei 1998 dapat menjadi sumber berteologi yang mewujud di dalam empat lintasan heuristik yang dilandaskan kepada karakteristik dari kaum Injili sendiri via pembacaan lensa interseksionalitas. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, pertama-tama eksplorasi mengenai pluralitas identitas kaum Tionghoa-Injili secara umum akan dijabarkan. Pada bagian berikutnya, artikel ini akan membahas teologi interseksionalitas dan juga karakteristik kaum Injili. Dari sana, saya akan menjelaskan salah satu konteks sosial, yaitu kerusuhan Mei 1998, sebagai konteks sosial dari kaum Tionghoa-Injili. Pada bagian akhir, saya akan mengonstruksi wujud lintasan-lintasan heuristik teologis lewat pembacaan teologi interseksionalitas dari kaum Tionghoa-Injili akan dibingkai via Quadrilateral David W. Bebbington: konversionisme, aktivisme, biblisisme, dan penekanan terhadap karya salib.
EFFECT OF TAX PLANNING ON PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIAN FOODS AND BEVERAGE FIRMS
Authors: Ogochukwu Jacinta , Paradise Obada
Published: February 2021

The study examined the effect of tax planning on performance of Nigerian corporate firms. This study employed ex post facto design. The population for this study is directed to foods and beverage firms in Nigeria. Simple and stratified sampling techniques were employed to select six foods and beverage firms in Nigeria. Regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis with aid of E-view 9.0. From the result of the analysis, Effective Tax Rate (ETR) has no significant effect on performance of Nigerian foods and beverage firms. This means that effective tax plan to generate firm performance; firms with high tax planning value perform better. On this note, the researchers recommended that Nigerian firms should engage the services of tax consultants in managing their tax computations and remittances.
TAMIS SIN CIERRE DE LA BRECHA QUIRÚRGICA
Authors: Naiderman Diego
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: La cirugía mínimamente invasiva transanal (TAMIS), es una técnica que resulta especialmente útil en lesiones de recto extra peritoneal difíciles para el abordaje por vía anterior.

Actualmente sigue siendo controversial el cierre del defecto rectal por debajo de la reflexión peritoneal. La sutura endoluminal es uno de los aspectos más desafiantes del procedimiento y la literatura es discordante con respecto al cierre de la brecha quirúrgica. Nuestro objetivo es realizar un estudio descriptivo de una serie consecutiva de pacientes con lesiones de recto extraperitoneal sometidos a cirugía de TAMIS, dejando el lecho quirúrgico abierto.

Diseño: descriptivo prospectivo longitudinal.

Material y Método: Entre agosto de 2013 y julio de 2019 se incluyeron en forma consecutiva todos los pacientes con lesiones de recto extra peritoneal, operados con técnica de TAMIS, que presentaron lesiones benignas ≥ a 3 centímetros de difícil resolución endoscópica, tumores neuroendocrinos ≥ de 2 cm, adenocarcinomas T1N0 sin signos histológicos de mal pronóstico, adenocarcinomas T2N0 con elevado riesgo quirúrgico o que rehusaron la cirugía radical y pacientes con dudas de la remisión completa luego de la neoadyuvancia.

Todos los procedimientos fueron realizados por el mismo cirujano y en todos se dejó el lecho quirúrgico abierto.

Resultados: En un período de 6 años se trataron 35 pacientes con técnica de TAMIS, con una edad promedio de 61 años±12. El tamaño promedio de las lesiones fue de 3.68±2.1 cm (0.7- 9 cm) y la distancia desde el margen anal al extremo distal de la lesión de 5.7±1.48 cm (3 a 8.5 cm). El tiempo operatorio fue de 39.2±20.5 min y el tiempo de internación de 33±28.2 horas.

La anatomía patológica de las lesiones resecadas fue: 15 adenomas, 3 tumores carcinoides y 17 adenocarcinomas. 1 ypT0, 4 carcinomas in situ, 4 tumores T1 y 8 tumores T2. En todos los casos se dejó el defecto rectal abierto, con un seguimiento mínimo post operatorio de 9 meses.

No hubo mortalidad y la morbilidad global fue de 14.2% (5 pacientes). Dos pacientes fueron re internados para el tratamiento del dolor (Clavien-Dindo II) y 3 pacientes (8.5%) presentaron sangrado post operatorio, de los cuales solo 1 (2.8%) requirió re intervención (Clavien-Dindo III). No hubo complicaciones infecciosas, estenosis de recto postquirúrgicas ni perforaciones hacia la cavidad abdominal.

Conclusión:  Nuestros resultados permiten describir a la técnica de TAMIS dejando la brecha quirúrgica abierta, como una técnica con buenos resultados, alta factibilidad y baja tasa de complicaciones.
Rol de la cirugía para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn ileocecal en la era de las drogas biológicas.
Authors: Avellaneda Nicolas , Vaingurt Mariano , Muñoz Juan Pablo
Published: February 2021

El tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal se ha visto revolucionado con el advenimiento de los farmacos anti-TNF. Desde que esta medicación se comenzó a utilizar, mucho se ha discutido sobre el nuevo rol que cumplirá la cirugía para este tipo de pacientes. La manifestaciión ileocecal es común en la enfermedad de Crohn, y en este articulo se discute las indicaciones actuales de la cirugía para su tratamiento.
Mixed-Methods Research: A Discussion on its Types, Challenges, and Criticisms
Authors: Dawadi Saraswati , Shrestha Sagun , Giri Ram A.
Published: February 2021

The article positions mixed-method research (MMR) as a principled complementary research method to the traditional quantitative and qualitative research approaches. By situating MMR in an analysis of some of the common research paradigms, the article presents it as a natural choice in order to complement and cater to the increasingly complex needs of contemporary researchers. It proffers MMR as a flexible and adaptive conceptual framework for designing and conducting mixed methods research in a simplified manner. By explaining fundamental principles and major theoretical tenets of a mixed-methods approach, which involves both quantitative and qualitative data collection in response to research questions, it elucidates several benefits of adopting MMR since it integrates post-positivism as well as interpretivism frameworks. There is abundant literature around this research design aiming to provide researchers an understanding of the approach. Yet there is limited literature that provides illustrative guidance to research novices in comprehending mixed methods, understanding reasons for choosing it, and selecting an appropriate mixed methods design. Based on an analysis of some notable works in the field, this article provides an overview of mixed methods designs, discusses its main types, and explains challenges one can potentially encounter when in using them with a view to assisting early career researchers in particular and other researchers in general.
Impact of Potential Food Sources on the Life Table of the Cladoceran, Moina macrocopa
Authors: Khoo Gideon , Lock Malcolm M. , Smith Thomas J. , Hii Yii Siang , Ong Han Kiat Alan , Loh Jiun Yan
Published: February 2021

The zooplankton Moina macrocopa was cultured with three kinds of emulsified lipid media (Selco®, squid oil, canola oil) and two kinds of fish wastes (fish pellets and fish feces) to determine the impact of these food sources on its population dynamics. All diets were provided at five levels: 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/l. For all diets, life history parameters showed the highest values at the lowest concentrations, i.e., <0.125 g/l. Overall demographic performance was better in M. macrocopa fed the emulsified liquid diets than M. macrocopa raised in the control treatment (dechlorinated water; no diet) but not as good as in M. macrocopa fed the fish wastes. Fish feces was excellent for propagating M. macrocopa. In conclusion, using fish wastes to cultivate M. macrocopa could be an inexpensive and sustainable cultivation approach.
Dietary Soybean Lecithin Enhances Growth Performance, Feed Utilization Efficiency and Body Composition of Early Juvenile Milkfish, Chanos chanos
Authors: Balito-Liboon J.S. , Ferdinand R. , Traifalgar M. , Pagapulan M.J.B.B. , Mameloco E.J.G. , Temario E.E. , Corre V.L. Jr.
Published: February 2021

The study was conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary soybean lecithin (SBL) on the growth performance, feed utilization, and survival of early juvenile milkfish. Five experimental diets containing increasing levels of SBL (0 g, 0.75 g, 1.5 g, 3.0 g and 6.0 g/100 g diet) were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of early juvenile milkfish (≈ 9.0 mg) for 50 days. Results showed that dietary lecithin inclusion improved Weight Gain (WG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Survival, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) of milkfish juvenile. Polynomial regression analysis showed that the optimum dietary level of SBL to promote optimum growth in milkfish early juvenile is 3.56g/100g diet. Beyond this inclusion level, growth performance indices tend to decline. Higher carcass total protein and lipid contents were observed in treatment groups fed diets with optimum inclusion levels of SBL compared to the other treatments. Collectively the findings suggest that incorporating SBL at an optimum dose of 3.56g/100g diet enhances survival, overall growth performance, and improves carcass composition of early juvenile milkfish. Dietary SBL inclusion could be a practical approach in improving the efficiency of juvenile milkfish nursery production to meet the requirements of the expanding cage aquaculture production systems.
Providencia alcalifaciens: a Causal Agent of Red Leg Disease in Freshwater-Cultured Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Cao H. , Yang Y. , Chen S. , Ai X.
Published: February 2021

Red leg disease causes significant economic losses in whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Yet only scarce information is available on Providencia alcalifaciens as a bacterial pathogen of this disease. In this study, a virulent strain, temporarily named P3, was isolated from diseased freshwater-cultured P. vannamei suffering from red leg disease, identified phenotypically and molecularly as P. alcalifaciens. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine the taxonomic position and relatedness of isolate P3 to other P. alcalifaciens isolates. When screened against a range of common veterinary antibiotics, isolate P3 exhibited susceptibility to aminoglycosides and quinolones antibiotics in aquaculture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. alcalifaciens as a causal agent of red leg disease in freshwater-cultured P. vannamei.
Effect of Dietary Iron Levels on Tissues, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Muscle Nutrient Compositions of Juvenile Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis)
Authors: Yang W , Liu H , Li H , Liu L , Huang F , Wang F , Hu X , Feng W
Published: February 2021

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to estimate the effects of dietary iron (Fe) levels on iron concentration in tissues, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, and muscle nutrient composition of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). Six experimental diets were formulated to contain different Fe levels (0, 43.1, 84.2, 123.3, 162.2 and 203.1 mg/kg of dry diets) using ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) as the source. When Fe dietary content increased to 43.1 mg/kg, trypsin activity in the intestine significantly increased and thereafter decreased. Lipase and amylase activity in the intestine significantly increased with increasing dietary Fe levels up to 123.3 mg/kg diet and thereafter decreased. With lipase and amylase activity in the intestine as the main indicators, Fe content of 123.3 mg/kg was the most suitable dietary Fe level for A. nobilis. Crude protein content in the muscle of the 84.2 mg/kg Fe group was the highest in all groups. Results indicated that the appropriate levels of dietary Fe alter muscle nutrient composition of A. nobilis. Fe content in the muscle and vertebrae significantly increased with increasing dietary Fe levels up to 203.1 mg/kg diet. Fe contents in different tissues were as follows: Vertebra >intestine >muscle.
Changes of Biochemical Components Contents and Gene Expression Profiles in Tissues of Litopenaeus vannamei During Spermatophore Regeneration
Authors: Min Z , JiongMing Z , MaoCang Y , Kui L , Fang L , LiHua H , DeWei J
Published: February 2021

Spermatophore regeneration is an important biological process in Litopenaeus vannamei. In this study, changes of biochemical components contents during spermatophore regeneration showed that in hemolymph, the glucose content significantly increased from day 2 to day 8 and then decreased from day 10 to day 12; triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) contents were relatively stable. In the hepatopancreas, glucose, and TG contents significantly decreased during regeneration; TC contents significantly increased at day 4 and then decreased. In the testes, glucose content significantly increased while TC content significantly decreased during whole stage; TG content at day 4 was highest. In terminal ampoule, changes of glucose and TC contents were similar, the contents at day 4 were highest; TG content at day 6 was significantly lower than day 2. During spermatophore regeneration, expression level of pyruvate kinase (PK) was significantly higher during day 2 to day 4 than at other times, and expression levels of three lipogenesis-related genes diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase homolog 1 (DGAT1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2) were significantly higher during day 2 to day 8 than at other times. The results indicated that the hepatopancreas could be the energy source that provides glucose and TG; glucose, TG, and TC play important roles in spermatophore regeneration
An insight on initiation of same sex behavior among men who have sex with men in Agra district of India: A Qualitative study
Authors: Aqeel Khan Iqbal , Chaudhary Shailendra Singh , Misra Sunil Kumar , Geetu Singh  , Singh Tej Pal , Royal Abhishek
Published: February 2021

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) refer to all males (of any age) who engage in sexual relations with other males. The gross stigmatization and discrimination of homosexuals have affected the life and health of MSM. Aims & objective: To get an insight on circumstances of initiation and continuation of same sex behavior among MSM. Material & Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in MSM population in Agra district in India. Audio recorded in-depth interviews were transcribed into verbatim. Potential themes were extracted as a part of analysis as per relevant experiences of the participants. Data saturation achieved after 13 In-depth interviews. Results: The initiation of same sex behavior among MSM was at a young age and was mostly without their consent. Almost all participants were below the legal age of giving consent for sex and their first homosexual partner was a familiar, elderly in position of authority. They played a passive role in their initial sexual encounter and none of them was able to discuss it freely with their family members or friends. They mostly felt depressed after their first homosexual encounter. They had continued this sexual behavior as they have accepted their attraction towards same sex. Conclusion: There is a need to include concepts of sexuality in education curriculum and sensitize parents also and counseling of those exposed to homosexuality at a tender age is imperative.
Profile of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis patients: A Study at Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Centre in Kumaun Region, Uttarakhand
Authors: Awasthi Sadhana , Verma Neha , Gopal Nautiyal Ram , Kumar Solanki Hariom
Published: February 2021

Background: Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) has frequently been encountered in India, and its presence has been known virtually from the time anti-TB drugs were introduced for the treatment of Tuberculosis. Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a man-made phenomenon and has become a formidable challenge to effective Tuberculosis control in India. Objectives: To study the Socio-demographic and Clinical profile of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients presenting to Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) Centre at Govt. Medical College, Haldwani in the Kumaun region, Uttarakhand. Methodology:  This study is a Record based study, where in service data available at Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) Centre at Govt. Medical College, Haldwani in the Kumaun region, Uttarakhand, was accessed and analyzed. Inclusion criteria included all patients with diagnosis of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) presenting to the centre from 1st April 2015 to 31st December 2015. Results: The present study showed that younger age group particularly males were more affected with MDR-TB. Under-nutrition was quite prevalent among the MDR-TB patients. 56.7% cases were addicted to alcohol and 54.3% cases were addicted to smoking. 85.8% patients took treatment for TB and 44.1% not completed their treatment. Relapse of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment was found to be the major contributor in MDR-TB suspect cases. Prevalence of XDR-TB was also found to be low. Conclusion: The findings of the study emphasize the importance of studying the socio-demographic factors and baseline clinical characteristics in different MDR-TB patient categories to timely modify and strengthen the national programs.
DISASTER CONSTRUCT AS A NEXUS BETWEEN SOCIAL AND NATURAL PHENOMENA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Yorose W. A. , Tenkorang E. Y. , Mariwah S.
Published: February 2021

There is increasing awareness in disaster research about the diverse ways in which disasters affect humanity. The impact of disaster stretches from individuals and households to nation-states. Most disaster discourses focus on the impact, mitigation, management, preparedness and response, but neglecting the issues surrounding the social and natural causes of disaster and their interrelationship. Using content analysis from previous studies, we review some of the discussions on disaster construction as a social or natural phenomenon. The review showed that issues about disaster construction largely centre on natural, social or human and technological factors. It is concluded that the issues triggering the construction of disasters are central to disaster preparedness and mitigation, as they lay the platform upon which decisions are made regarding which policy to put in place to prevent, mitigate or prepare for disasters.
Keywords: Disaster, Literature Review, Management, Natural Phenomenon, Social Phenomenon, Mitigation
Review of Antioxidant-rich Natural Dietary Products as Protective and Therapeutic Factors against Cadmium Toxicity in Living Organisms
Authors: Quddus Abdul , Yimer Nurhusien , Abdul Basit Muhammad , Khan Saadiya , Amir Maria
Published: February 2021

Advances in civilization processes and industrialization have doubled the release of toxic heavy metals into the environment, consequently elevating their presence in the food chains. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the severe toxic metals widely present in the atmosphere. The major route of animal or human exposure to Cd is through water or food ingestion and inhalation of particles or inhalation of fumes during various industrial processes. Continuous exposure to low levels of Cd results in a gradual deposition in different tissues of the body, causing toxic effects on the liver, kidneys, testes, and other vital organs. The beneficial effect of natural antioxidants against chemical induced toxicity is receiving more attention. Antioxidant-rich dietary products and their function in tempering free radicals produced in the body under different pathological conditions is an active research field. In the current review, we attempted to highlight the current research progress in the field of using antioxidant-rich natural dietary products and their function in mitigating or preventing health issues and tissue damage associated with Cd induced toxicity along with its mechanism.
Effectiveness of Bioinoculants Bacillus cereus and Trichoderma asperellum as Oil Palm Seedlings Growth Promoters
Authors: Tuan Muhammad Syafiq Tuan Hassan , Nusaibah Syed Ali , Rafii Mohd Yusop
Published: February 2021

In the establishment of oil palm seedlings, apart from the application of adequate amount of fertilizers, other sustainable plant nutrient sources are known to have the potential in enhancing vegetative growth and improve plants’ resistance against pests and diseases. The application of plant growth promoters is known to contribute towards sustaining healthy plant growth leading to strong plant defense mechanisms. The present study was conducted to determine plant growth promotion potentials of bacterium, Bacillus cereus (UPM15) and fungus Trichoderma asperellum (UPM16). Isolates B. cereus and T. asperellum were assessed on their effectiveness as plant growth promoters for oil palm seedlings. Plant growth-promoting potentials were evaluated in terms of their ability to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), a naturally occurring plant hormone of the auxin class, iron-chelating compounds or siderophores, and phosphate solubilisation, considered to be one of the most important traits associated with plant phosphate nutrition. A series of treatments was applied to establish the potential of B. cereus and T. asperellum as microbial inoculants in singles and mixed applications in an in vivo nursery study. The ability to solubilize precipitated phosphate and to produce siderophores was positively demonstrated by T. asperellum. Both B. cereus and T. asperellum were capable of producing IAA. The results showed that the former significantly contributed towards growth enhancement of roots and the later in growth promotion of aerial parts of oil palm seedlings. Mixture of these isolates yielded good vegetative growth. The study revealed the benefits of microbial inoculants that extended beyond their capacity as biofertilizers.
In vitro Assessment of Bacterial Strains Associated with Microalgae as Potential Probiotics
Authors: Zabidi Aimi , Rosland Natasya-Ain , Yaminudin Jasmin , Karim Murni
Published: February 2021

Bacteria and microalgae are essential elements in the aquatic ecosystem, co-existing and having constant interactions with each other which help microalgae to exert its beneficial effect as probiotics in aquaculture. This research aims to isolate and identify potential probiotics from different species of microalgae and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Vibrio spp. via series of in vitro assays; disc diffusion, well diffusion, and co-culture assays. A total of 18 bacterial strains were isolated from five species of microalgae; Chlorella sp., Nannochloropsis sp., Amphora sp., Chaetoceros sp., and Spirulina sp.. The isolated strains were tested in in vitro antagonistic assay against four Vibrio spp. (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Seventeen strains demonstrated antimicrobial activity with the highest inhibition was observed by strain SPS11 against V. parahaemolyticus (12.6 ± 0.36 mm) in disc diffusion assay and strain NAS32 showed 13.2 ± 0.45 mm clear zone against V. vulnificus in well diffusion assay. In co-culture assay, both the SPS11 and NAS32 were able to reduce the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi at concentration of 106 and 108 CFU mL-1, respectively. Strains SPS11 and NAS32 were characterized as gram positive bacteria with rod shape and further identified as Lysinibacillus fusiformis (SPS11) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus (NAS32) using 16s rRNA. These two strains should be further studied in in vivo challenged experiments in fish and shellfish to explore their probiotic effects.
A Study on Mixed Mode of Learning Approach Post Covid-19: A Flexible Learning Experience
Authors: Jadav Dr. Jayendrasinh , Trivedi Krishna Kulin
Published: February 2021

The sudden outbreak of corona virus disease in the whole world which is a fast-transmitted communicable respiratory disease which has been declared as the pandemic by the world health organization popularly known in short as WHO. To protect oneself from the infection one has to wear face mask, wash the hands at least for 20 seconds with soap/ sanitizer, avoid touching of nose/eyes/mouth and maintain social distancing. Due to this fast transmission of the corona virus disease lockdown was imposed where only certain emergency services, medical services, essentials like fruits, vegetables. milk, petrol etc. were made available. Thus, in this worldwide global pandemic situation to continue with academic calendar and carry out the teaching learning process, online learning was the best option. Due to the significant demand and acceptance of online learning, the mixed mode of learning popularly known as Blended learning or hybrid learning is a flexible and customizable learning experience.
Interesses respectivos dos acionistas públicos e privados nas sociedades de economia mista no Brasil
Authors: Silva Alexsander Dauzeley da , Medeiros Janann Joslin
Published: February 2021

As Sociedades de Economia Mista – SEM – são um tipo específico de empresa cujas ações são negociadas em bolsa, em que o Governo é acionista majoritário e controlador da Organização e acionistas privados participam no capital. Neste artigo, investigam-se os motivos pelos quais tanto Governo quanto acionistas privados optariam por investir nas SEM. Utilizou-se a teoria de stakeholders como base para a elaboração teórica e para a interpretação dos resultados da pesquisa.  Foi realizado estudo de múltiplos casos, de forma qualitativa, transversal e exploratória. Três SEM foram analisadas, nas quais se realizaram 28 entrevistas com administradores e técnicos, além da análise de 107 artigos obtidos em mídia especializada e documentos de publicação obrigatória pelas companhias. Os dados foram compilados e codificados com o software Nvivo. Conclui-se que as motivações para o investimento nas SEM são complexas, transpondo a simples assunção dos objetivos rentista e de execução de políticas públicas.
A Formação em Administração e o Dualismo Conceitual teoria-prática no Brasil
Authors: Xavier Filho Jose Lindenberg Julião , Franco Suélen Matozo , Paiva Junior Fernando Gomes de , Costa Marconi Freitas da
Published: February 2021

O debate recente acerca do distanciamento entre teoria e prática na formação do administrador desperta a inquietação central deste ensaio teórico. Existe certa posição de estranhamento diante da situação de limitado reconhecimento das Escolas de Administração no mundo, e no Brasil em particular, em que Lima e Wood Jr. (2014) afirmam que os benefícios da ciência administrativa no Brasil são desconhecidos e talvez insignificantes. Diante de tal problemática, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o modo como a pesquisa em administração vem abordando o dualismo conceitual teoria-prática na formação dos seus membros e egressos. Nesse hiato pode residir o fato de não estar havendo a transformação fundamental, ou se estiver, pode não estar recebendo o empenho necessário por abarcar a nova concepção acerca da imbricação teoria-prática.
Atuação do Fisioterapeuta na saúde primária no enfrentamento da COVID 19: relato de experiência
Authors: Figueiredo Eduardo Augusto Barbosa , Silva Keity Lamary Souza , Luz Hiago Daniel Herédia , Martins Fábio Luiz Mendonça , Marçal Márcio Alves , Vitorino Débora Fernandes de Melo , Costa Henrique Silveira
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de residentes de fisioterapia em saúde coletiva no enfrentamento multidisciplinar e desenvolvimento de ações frente à coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Síntese dos dados: Trata-se de um relato de experiência a partir da vivência prática dos residentes, em decorrência da pandemia da COVID 19, em duas cidades, Datas e Presidente Kubitschek, no interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. As atividades ocorreram de março a junho de 2020. As ações foram realizadas por meio de orientações, roda de conversa, atendimento por videochamadas e fôlderes. As propostas sintetizaram: Ações de prevenção à saúde; Atenção à saúde mental e física dos trabalhadores da saúde; Educação em saúde aos trabalhadores de outros setores das prefeituras; Monitoramento de pacientes crônicos; e Educação permanente dos agentes comunitários de saúde. As atividades colaboraram com a prática clínica dos residentes, permitindo a construção com a equipe de saúde de propostas para um enfrentamento seguro no manejo da COVID 19. Conclusão: As propostas elaboradas no início da pandemia permitiram realizar ações que auxiliaram a atuação da equipe de Saúde da Família no enfrentamento à COVID 19. A experiência dos residentes contribuiu para a construção dos saberes e da experiência de gestão no enfrentamento da pandemia, colaborando para a formação dos residentes.
Ontological Approach to the Description of a Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge
Authors: Ataeva Olga , Kalenov Nikolay , Serebryakov Vladimir
Published: February 2021

Despite the development of technical means, the processes associated with the search for complete and accurate scientific information in a huge number of data sources are becoming more complicated. To reach a new level in the use of information processing technologies, first of all, a transition to a semantically
meaningful representation is necessary for scientific knowledge extracted from information in a digital environment. In modern conditions, characterized by multidisciplinary research, the desired effect can be achieved by developing universal approaches to the storage and presentation of scientific knowledge. These approaches are reflected in the concept of the Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge. The paper presents an overview of the basic concepts in this area, which are used both to represent the elements of space and to provide access to them not only for humans, but also for software agents. Semantic libraries are considered as tools for constructing the knowledge space.
Los Acuerdos de Paz en perspectiva. Valoración histórica veinte años después
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: February 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 67, No. 728, 2012: 77-91.
Discurso del señor Mauricio Funes, Presidente de la República XX. Aniversario de la firma de los Acuerdos de Paz El Mozote, 16 de enero de 2012
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 67, No. 728, 2012: 149-158.
Phenotypic relations between egg weight and other egg quality traits of South Eastern Nigeria local chicken
Authors: Adeolu A. I. , Oleforuh-Okoleh, V. U.
Published: February 2021

The experiment was carried out with a total of one hundred and fifty eggs, which were collected from a local chicken variety of southeastern Nigeria hens reared in a cage system. The objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic relationship between egg weight and the other egg quality traits. The mean values related to the external egg quality traits - egg weight (EW), egg length (EL), egg breadth (EB), egg shape index (EST), shell weight (SW) and shell thickness (ST) were 38.99 g, 49.98 mm, 36.66 mm, 0.73, 4.05 g and 0.34 mm respectively. The internal egg quality traits – albumen height (AH), albumen weight (AW), yolk height (YH), yolk weight (YW) and Haugh unit (HU) have the following mean values, 7.53 mm, 19.86 g, 16.80 mm, 12.62 g and 65.21 respectively. There were significant (P<0.01) positive phenotypic correlations between EW and EL, EW and EB, EW and SW, and between EW and all the internal quality traits except HU - which had a non significant (P>0.01) negative correlation. Significant negative correlation was found between EW and ESI. It was concluded that it was feasible to assess some egg quality traits through the egg weight. This is important in view of integrating the local chicken into egg laying breeding programs in Nigeria.
Effects of cooking duration on nutrient composition and levels of some anti nutritional factors of lablab (Lablab purpureus C.V. Rongai) seeds
Authors: Bawa G. S. , Ogundipe S. O. , Tegbe T. S. B. , Dafwang I. I.
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the effects of varying the duration of cooking on the nutrient composition and levels of some antinutritional factors in lablab seeds. Raw lablab seeds were subjected to four durations of cooking, viz: 15, 30, 45 or 60 minutes respectively, in a drum of boiling water. The samples were dried and assayed for their proximate compositions, mineral contents, presence and levels of trypsin inhibitors (TIA), phytic acid, tannin and hydrocyanic acid (HCN). The raw lablab seeds contained 94.03% dry matter (DM), 26.12% crude protein (CP), 7.86% crude fibre (CF), 2.02% ether extract (EE), 4.43% ash and 59.57% nitrogen free extract (NFE). The proximate composition was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by duration of cooking. Potassium (15.66g/Kg DM) and iron (245.17g/Kg DM) were the most abundant macro and micro mineral elements, respectively in the raw lablab seeds while sodium (0.06g/Kg DM) and copper (53.62 mg/kg DM) were the least for macro and micro minerals, respectively. Except for calcium and sodium, all the minerals assayed were leached significantly (P<0.05) during cooking, Cooking lablab seeds at 100°C for forty-five minutes decreased trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) from 593.87 mg/100g to 132.00 mg/100g; phytic acid from 5.65 mg/100g to 0.10 mg/100g; tannin from 0.22 mg/100g to 0.10 mg/100g and hydrocyanic acid (HCN) from 1.58 mg/100g to 0.45 mg/100g, respectively. These values correspond to 77.77, 78.93, 54.55 and 71.52 percent reductions in TIA, phytic acid, tannin and hydrocyanic acid, respectively. Cooking lablab seeds for 45 minutes appear to be the optimum for elimination of these antinutrients from lablab seeds.
Utilization of rice milling waste (RMW) in local turkey diets: effect on haematological indices and blood chemistry
Authors: Nwoche G. N. , Ojewola G. S. , Akinmutimi A. H.
Published: February 2021

One hundred Local Turkey Poults brooded on commercial broiler starter mash for four weeks were utilized in a Completely Randomized Design Experiment to evaluate the effect of feeding varying levels of Rice Milling Waste (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), on the haematological and blood chemistry indices of grower and finisher turkeys. Five grower and finisher diets were respectively formulated such that rice-milling waste was substituted for maize at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The poults were randomly assigned to the five experimental diets, having 20 poults per treatment. Each treatment group was replicated twice with 10 poults per replicate at the grower and finisher phases. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. The study lasted 20 weeks covering a growing period of 16 weeks and finishing period of 4 weeks. Haematological indices of interest (Hb, PCV, WBC RBC) and blood chemistry measurement (Creatine, Urea, Alkaline phosphate, Albumen and Globulin) were measured. Results obtained showed that substituting maize with 50% RMW produced superior blood quality in terms of Hb counts, white blood cell and red blood cells at the grower and finisher phases. Considering the biochemical values, 50% substitution also proved superior to other treatment groups in terms of Albumen, Globulin and Total protein concentration, at the grower and finisher phases. It was concluded that, substituting maize with 50% rice milling waste enhanced the haematological values and serum biochemical indices in grower and finisher turkeys, which in turn led to enhanced biological performance of the turkeys placed on this diet.