Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
Authors: Beal Jacob , Farny Natalie G. , Haddock-Angelli Traci , Selvarajah Vinoo , Baldwin Geoff S. , Buckley-Taylor Russell , Gershater Markus , Kiga Daisuke , Marken John , Sanchania Vishal , Sison Abigail , Workman Christopher T. ,   iGEM Interlab Study Contributors,   Aachen, Pehlivan Meryem , Roige Biel Badia ,   Aalto-Helsinki, Aarnio Tiu , Kivisto Samu , Koski Jessica , Lehtonen Leevi , Pezzutto Denise , Rautanen Pauliina ,   AHUT_China, Bian Weixin , Hu Zhiyuan , Liu Zhihao , Liu Zi , Ma Liang , Pan Luyao , Qin Zichen , Wang Huichao , Wang Xiangxuan , Xu Hao , Xu Xia ,   Aix-Marseille, El Moubayed Yorgo ,   ASTWS-China, Dong Shan , Fang Choco , He Hanker , He Henry , Huang Fangliang , Shi Ruyi , Tang Cassie , Tang Christian , Xu Shirly , Yan Calvin ,   Athens, Bartzoka Natalia , Kanata Eleni , Kapsokefalou Maria , Katopodi Xanthi-Leda , Kostadima Eleni , Kostopoulos Ioannis V. , Kotzastratis Stylianos , Koutelidakis Antonios E. , Krokos Vasilios , Litsa Maria , Ntekas Ioannis , Spatharas Panagiotis , Tsitsilonis Ourania E. , Zerva Anastasia ,   Austin_LASA, Annem Vidhya , Cone Eli , Elias Noel , Gupta Shreya , Lam Kendrick , Tutuianu Anna ,   Austin_UTexas, Mishler Dennis M. , Toro Bibiana ,   Baltimore_BioCrew, Akinfenwa Akinwumi , Burns Frank , Herbert Heydy , Jones Melissa , Laun Sarah , Morrison Shikei , Smith Zion ,   BCU, Peng Zhao , Ziwei Zhou ,   BFSUICC-China, Deng Rui , Huang Yilin , Li Tingyue , Ma Yingqi , Shen Zhiyuan , Wang Chenxi , Wang Yuyao , Zhao Tianyan ,   BGIC-Global, Lang Yusen , Liang Yuteng , Wang Xueyao , Wu Yi ,   BGU_Israel, Aizik Dror , Angel Sagi , Farhi Einan , Keidar Nitzan , Oser Eden , Pasi Mor ,   Bielefeld-CeBiTec, Kalinowski Jorn , Otto Matthias , Ruhnau Johannes ,   Bilkent-UNAMBG, Cubukcu Hande , Hoskan Mehmet Ali , Senyuz Ilayda ,   BioIQS-Barcelona, Chi Jordi , Sauter Antoni Planas , Simona Magda Faijes ,   BioMarvel, Byun Sumin , Cho Sungwoo , Kim Goeun , Lee Yeonjae , Lim Sangwu , Yang Hanyeol ,   BIT, Xin Tian , Yaxi Zhang , Zhao Peng ,   BIT-China, Han Weitang , He Fa , He Yuna , Li Nuonan , Luo Xiaofan ,   BJRS_China, Boxuan Cheng , Jiaqi Hu , Liangjian Yang , Wanji Li , Xinguang Chen , Xinyu Liu ,   BNDS_CHINA, Wu Zishi , Xi Yukun , Yang Xilin , Yang Yuchen , Yang Zhuoyi , Zhang Yihao , Zhou Yuezhang ,   BNU-China, Peng Yue , Yadi Liu , Yang Shaobo , Yuanxu Jiang , Zhang Kecheng ,   BOKU-Vienna, Abraham Doris , Heger Theresa ,   BostonU, Leach Cass , Lorch Kevin , Luo Linda ,   British_Columbia, Gaudi Alex , Ho Anthony , Huang Morris , Kim Christine , Kugathasan Luxcia , Lam Kevin , Pan Catherine , Qi Ariel , Yan Cathy ,   Calgary, Schaaf Kaitlin , Sillner Cassandra ,   Cardiff_Wales, Coates Ryan , Elliott Hannah , Heath Emily , McShane Evie , Parry Geraint , Tariq Ali , Thomas Sophie ,   CCU_Taiwan, Chen Ching-Wei , Cheng Yu-Hong , Hsu Chia-Wei , Liao Chin-Hsuan , Liu Wei-Ting , Tang Yu-Cheng , Tang Yu-Hsin , Yang Zon En ,   CDHSU-CHINA, Jian Liu , Li Caidian , Lin Chenyi , Ran Guozheng , Run Zhouyan , Ting Weiyu , Yong Zhangxiang , Yu Liuhong ,   Chalmers-Gothenburg, Lind Andrea Clausen , Norberg Axel , Olmin Amanda , Sjolin Jacob , Torell Agnes , Trivellin Cecilia , Zorrilla Francisco , Vries Philip Gorter de ,   CIEI-BJ, Cheng Haolun , Peng Jiarong , Xiong Zhenyu ,   CMUQ, Altarawneh Dina , Amir Sayeda Sakina , Hassan Sondoss , Vincent Annette ,   CO_Mines, Costa Ben , Gallegos Isabella , Hale Mitch , Sonnier Matt , Whalen Kathleen ,   ColumbiaNYC, Elikan Max , Kim Sean , You Jaewon ,   Cornell, Rambhatla Rahul , Viswanathan Ashwin ,   CPU_CHINA, Tian Hong , Xu Huandi , Zhang Wanli , Zhou Shuyao ,   CSU_CHINA, Jiamiao Liu , Jiaqi Xiao ,   CSU_Fort_Collins, Craw Darilyn , Goetz Marley , Rettedal Neil , Yarbrough Hayden ,   Delgado-Ivy-Marin, Ahlgren Christopher , Guadagnino Brett , Guenther James , Huynh Juilanne ,   DLUT_China, He Zhien , Liu Huan , Liu Yuansheng , Qu Mingbo , Song Li , Yang Chao , Yang Jun , Yin Xianqi , Zhang Yuanzhen , Zhou Jianan , Zi Lihan ,   DLUT_China_B, Jinyu Zhu , Kang Xu , Xilei Peng , Xue Han , Xun Shu ,   DNHS_SanDiego, Babu Priyanka , Dogra Arushi , Thokachichu Pranav ,   DTU-Denmark, Faurdal David , Jensen Joen Haahr , Mejlsted Jacob , Nielsen Lina , Rasmussen Tenna ,   Duesseldorf, Denter Jennifer , Husnatter Kai , Longo Ylenia ,   Ecuador, Luzuriaga Juan Carlos , Moncayo Eduardo , Moreira Natalia Torres , Tapia Jennifer ,   ECUST, Dingyue Tang , Jingjing Zhao , Wenhao Xu , Xinyu Teng , Xiujing Hong ,   Edinburgh_OG, DeKloe Jackson ,   Edinburgh_UG, Astles Ben , Baronaite Ugne , Grazulyte Inga ,   Emory, Hwang Michael , Pang Yibo ,   EPFL, Crone Michael Andrew , Hosseini Reza , Houmani Moustafa , Zadeh Daniel , Zanotti Violetta ,   ETH_Zurich, Baltensperger Oliver Andreas , Bijman Eline Yafele , Garulli Elisa , Krusemann Jan Lukas , Martinelli Adriano , Martinez Antonio , Vornholt Tobias ,   Evry_Paris-Saclay, Camille Monteil , Paul Ahavi ,   Exeter, Browne Emily , Gilman Daniel Barber James , Hewitt Amy , Hodson Sophie , Holmedal Ingebjorg , Kennedy Fiona , Sackey Juliana ,   FAU_Erlangen, Beck Selina , Eidloth Franziska , Imgold Markus , Matheis Anna , Meerbrei Tanja , Ruscher David , Schaeftlein Marco ,   FJNU-China, Hanrong Zhu ,   Fudan, Wan Mitchell ,   Fudan-CHINA, Dai Leijie , Jin Kaifeng , Wang Sihan , Wang Xin , Wang Yi , Wang Yifan , Wu Chenhai , Zhang Zixuan , Zhou Yineng ,   GDSYZX, Xinyu Liu , Zirong Zeng ,   Georgia_State, Babar Rehmat , Brewer Mathew , Clodomir Christina , Das Neves Laura , Iwuogo Amanda , Jones Ari , Jones Cara , Kelly Julia , Kim Gloria , Siemer Jessica , Yadav Yash ,   Gifu, Ikagawa Yuichiro , Isogai Tatsuki , Niwa Ryo ,   GO_Paris-Saclay, Aubry Celine , Briand William , Jacq Annick , Lautru Sylvie , Marta Britany , Maupu Clemence , Ollessa-Daragon Xavier , Papadopoulo Kenn , Azad Mahnaz Sabeta ,   GreatBay_China, Kuangyi Wei , Xiu Yao , Yang Chenghao ,   Groningen, Iyer Aditya , Prins Rianne , Yesley Phillip ,   GZHS-United, Lichi Fang , Xuan Chen Zi ,   HAFS, Jo Kyuhee , Park Mikyung , Park Seunghyun , Yoo Hojun ,   Hamburg, Burckhardt Nele , Daniels Lea , Klopprogge Bjarne , Kruger Dustin , Meyfarth Oda-Emilia , Putthoff Lisa , Wawrzyniak Dominika ,   HBUT-China, Hu Xinyi , Wang Yunyi ,   HebrewU, Badash Lior , Baichman-Kass Amichai , Barshap Alon , Friedman Yonatan , Milshtein Eliya , Vardi Omri ,   HFLS_ZhejiangUnited, Dong Shan , Gu Yining , Pei Yuanzhe , Shi Ruyi , Yang Fan , Yang Jinshu , Zhu Xueqian ,   HK_HCY_LFC, Ching Lam Kai , Ching Law Hiu , Chun Ng Tsz , Hin Yu Man , Hong Lai Tsz , Lam Chan Wing , Lam Yiu Choi , Matthew Cheah , Ngo Cheng Tsz , Shuan Yun , Wan Chan Tsey , Yan Tsui Shing , Yee Chong Yuk , Yu Tam Chi , Yu Yuen Wai ,   HKJS_S, Anson Chung Tsun Ho , Choi Lee Sze , Chun Cheung Man , Hin Chan Lok , Hin Wong Chung , Ho Ng Sze , Jay Leung Chung Yin , Katherine Lai Man Wai , Kin-ning Wong Carol , Kiu Lee Hong , Kong Cheng Chak , Wai Leung Chung , Yan Yeung Wing , Yeung Wong Tsz , Yin Lee Ka ,   Hong_Kong_HKU, Grace Tsui Shing Yan , Joe Lam Kai Ching , Kenneth Ng Tsz Chun , Shuan Cheah Matthew Yun ,   Hong_Kong_HKUST, Aldo Ferdinan , Pang Chung Him , So Kam Pang , Wong Hei Man ,   Hong_Kong_JSS, Ching Lai Tsz , Ching Luk Hau , Fung Ip Ning , Fung Yam Shing , Hong Lee Chi , Ning Hsiu Ou , Sang Jonathan Cheng Hon ,   Hong_Kong-CUHK, Elsa Yeung Hoi Lam , Hei Chan Yick , Sing Lo Ho , Wang Choi Seong ,   HUBU-Wuhan, Gu Yiheng , Rong Ziyue , Song Haoyue , Wang Pengying , Wang Yuefei ,   HUST-China, Chen Yan , Qiu Hao , Ren Haotian , Xiao Ziyang ,   HZAU-China, Heng Heng , Rao Xichen , Tian Ruonan ,   ICT-Mumbai, Deb Shalini S. , Kamble Yash Laxman , Kumbhojkar Ninad , Patel Bhargav , Prakash Supriya , Reshamwala Shamlan M. S. , Taskar Poorva ,   IISc-Bangalore, Gokul  , Uday Adwaith B. ,   IISER-Bhopal-India, Basu Anubhav , Gandhi Rishi , Khaimani Jatin , Khenwar Arundhati , Raut Sandeep , Somvanshi Tejas ,   IISER-Kolkata, Das Diptatanu , Ghosh Souvik , Rai Hrishika ,   IISER-Mohali, Anand Nithishwer Mouroug , Jainarayanan Ashwin Kumar , Kalson Pranshu , Liya Devang Haresh , Mishra Vibhu , Pai Sveekruth Sheshagiri , Pitaliya Madhav , Rana Yash , Yadav Ravineet ,   IIT_Delhi, Arora Neha , Arora Vasu , Jain Shubham , Patel Abhilash , Sharma Saksham , Singh Priyanka ,   IIT_Kanpur, Goenka Anushya , Jain Rishabh , Jha Aryaman , Kumar Adarsh , Soni Abhinav ,   IIT-Madras, Ananthakrishnan Sathvik , Devi Velvizhi , Faidh Mohammed , Jayaraman Guhan , Kittur M. Sagar , Mahapatra Nitish R. , Menon Sarvesh , Muthukrishnan Anantha Barathi , Kailash B. P. , Sabuwala Burhanuddin , Shinde Mousami , Venkatraghavan Sankalpa ,   Jiangnan_China, Liu Weijia , Miao Zhoudi , Wang Tian , Wang Yaling , Zhang Shuyan ,   Jilin_China, Chai Ruochen , Ge Yubin , Hou Ali , Liu Fangqi , Liu Xutong , Mao Jiangjiao , Wang Zihao , Yu Haimeng , Yuan Hetian , Zhan Yang ,   JMU_Wuerzburg, Ries Anna , Wolfbeisz Chiara ,   KAIT_JAPAN, Kanaya Toshihiro , Kawasaki Yusuke , Maruo Tatuya , Mori Yuya , Satoh Takehito ,   KCL_UK, Chau Anthony , Chu Wai Yan , Markiv Anatoliy , Marti Marcos Vega-Hazas , Medina Maria Jose Ramos , Raju Deeksha , Sinha Shubhankar ,   KUAS_Korea, Choi Youngeun , Ryu Bo Sun ,   Lambert_GA, Byagathvalli Gaurav , Kim Ellie ,   Leiden, Crooijmans Marjolein , Waard Jazzy de , Amstel Chiel van ,   Lethbridge, Demchuk Aubrey , Haight Travis , Kim Dong Ju , Neda Andrei , Roberts Luc , Saville Luke , Takeyasu Reanna , Tobin David ,   Lethbridge_HS, Akbary Mina , Avileli Rebecca , He Karen , Pageni Aroma , Saville Luke , Silva Dewuni De , De Silva Nimaya , Turton Kristi , Wu Michelle , Zhang Alice ,   Lubbock_TTU, Chavez Benjamin , Garavito Paula , Latham Michael , Ptak Jeffrey , Tharp Darron ,   Lund, Izzati Nurul , Jonsson Martin , Labecka Nikol , Palo Sara ,   Macquarie_Australia, Beale Renee , Logel Dominic , Mellou Areti-Efremia , Myers Karl ,   Madrid-OLM, Alonso Alejandro , Cifuentes Rodrigo Hernandez , Clemente Borja Sanchez , Gonzalo Gonzalo Saiz , Hernandez Ivan Martin , Hernandez Laura Armero , Lombardero Francisco Javier Quero , Marquina Domingo , Rodriguez Guillermo Fernandez , Smet Ignacio Albert ,   Manchester, Butterfield Tom , Deshmukh-Reeves Ed , Gogineni Namrata , Hemmings Sam , Kabbara Ismat , Norvaisaite Ieva , Smith Ryan ,   Marburg, Bauersachs Daniel , Daniel Benjamin , Inckemann Rene , Seiffermann Alexandra , Stukenberg Daniel , Weile Carl ,   McGill, Clerc Valerian , Ha Jacqueline , Totten Stephanie ,   McMaster, Chang Thomas , Jimenez Carlene , Maddiboina Dhanyasri ,   METU_HS_Ankara, Acar Beliz Leyla , Elcin Evrim , Inanc Tugba , Kantas Gamze , Kayihan Ceyhun , Secen Mert , Suer Gun , Ucan Kutay , Unal Tunc ,   Michigan, Fischer Matthew , Jasti Naveen , Stewart Thomas ,   MichiganState, Caldwell Sarah , Lee Jordan , Schultz Jessica ,   Mingdao, Chang Ting-Chen , Chen Pei-Hong , Cheng Yu-Hsuan , Hsu Yi-Hsuan , Yeh Chan-yu ,   Minnesota, Ding Zhipeng , Li Zihao , Lockwood Savannah , Quinn Katherine ,   Montpellier, Carrillo Leo , Heintze Maxime , Meneu Lea , Peras Marie , Yehouessi Tamara ,   Munich, Eilers Keno , Falgenhauer Elisabeth , Kiu Wong Hoi , Mayer Julia , Mueller Julia , von Schoenberg Sophie , Schwarz Dominic , Tunaj Brigit ,   Nanjing-China, Hu Zhaoqing , Huang Yansong , Li Yuanyuan ,   NAU-CHINA, Fang Chengzhu , Liu Jiangyuan , Liu Yiheng , Wu Yaxuan , Xu Sheng , Yuan Long ,   NAWI_Graz, Edelmayer Marco , Hiesinger Marlene , Hofer Sebastian , Krainer Birgit , Oswald Andreas , Strasser Dominik , Zimmermann Andreas ,   NCHU_Taichung, Chen Yi-Cian ,   NCTU_Formosa, Chan Yuan-Yao , Chang Yu-Ci , Deng Nian Ruei , Ku Chi-Yao , Lee Meng-Zhan ,   NEU_China_A, Li Hailong , Liu Zhaoyu , Song Guowei , Xiang Yuening , Yan Hongfa ,   NEU_China_B, Huanying He , Qiaochu Jiang , Shengjuan Jiang , Yujie Peng ,   Newcastle, Burridge Matt , Standforth Kyle , Went Sam ,   NJU-China, Chenxi Liang , Han Wang , Qipeng Zhang , Yifan Li , Yiming Quan , Yutong Pan ,   NKU_CHINA, Kou Senhao , Luan Lin ,   Northwestern, Akova Umut , Fitzgerald Liza , Ikwuagwu Bon , Johnson Michael , Kurian Jacob , Throsberg Christian ,   Nottingham, Allen Lucy , Humphreys Christopher , Partridge Daniel , Whittle Michaella , Zilinskaite Nemira ,   NPU-China, Lee Meixuan , Lin Weifeng , Ma Yuan , Wang Kai ,   NTHU_Formosa, Cheng Hsuan , Chi Shumei , Chuang Yi-Chien , Huang Ray , Ko LiangYu , Lin Yu-Chun ,   NTHU_Taiwan, Tsai You-Yang , Wang Cheng-Chieh , Yu Kai-Chiang ,   NTNU_Trondheim, Burud Hanna Nedreberg , Chen Carmen , Haralsvik Anne Kristin , Marinovic Adrian , Pedersen Hege Hetland , Sande Amanda , Solvang Vanessa ,   NTU-Singapore, Ming Shaw Kar , Praditya Albert ,   NU_Kazakhstan, Abduraimova Aiganym , Meirkhanova Ayagoz , Mukhanova Assel , Mulikova Tomiris ,   NUDT_CHINA, Gou Yanchen , Lu Chenyu , Ma Jiaxin , Zhu Chushu ,   NUS_Singapore-A, Aaron Leow Chung Yong , Iyer Tvarita Shivakumar , Jiacheng Wu , Lim Yan Ping , Lin Beatrix Tung Xue , Ramzeen Aaron , Yong Nur Liyana Binte Ayub Ow ,   NUS_Singapore-Sci, Chua Yah Tse Sabrina , Fong Yuhui Deborah , He Menglan , Tan Li Yang ,   NWU-China, Jiahe Zhang , Mingge Li , Nianlong Li , Yueyi Li , Yuhan Cheng ,   NYMU-Taipei, Chang Annabel , Chen Chih-Chiang , Chou Ryan , Clapper Jude , Lai Evelyn , Lin Yasmin , Wang Kelsey , Yang Jake ,   NYU_Abu_Dhabi, Anwar Mariam , Chehade Ibrahim , Hariyani Imtiyaz , Hau Sion , Isaac Ashley , Karpauskaite Laura , Magzoub Mazin , Obaji Daniel , Song Yong Rafael , Yun Yejie ,   OUC-China, Sun Kai , Zhang Yunqian ,   Oxford, Beard Eleanor , Crosby Laurel Constanti , Delalez Nicolas , Karshenas Arman , Kozhevnikov Adrian , Kryukova Jhanna , Saini Karandip , Stocks Jon , Sudarshan Bhuvana , Taylor Max , Wadhams George , Windo Joe ,   Paris_Bettencourt, Ameziane Annissa , Bhatt Darshak , Casas Alexis , Levrier Antoine , Santos Ana , Sia Nympha Elisa M. , Wintermute Edwin ,   Pasteur_Paris, Dejoux Alice , Gopaul Deshmukh , Guerassimoff Lea , Jaoui Samuel , Madelenat Manon , Petracchini Serena ,   Peking, Cai Fu , Jianzhao Yang , Shuyu Shi , Tairan Li , Xin Li , Yongjie Lin , Zhecheng Huang ,   Pittsburgh, Becker Evan , Greenwald Matthew , Hu Vivian , Pavelek Tucker , Pinto Elizabeth , Wei Zemeng ,   Purdue, Burgland Zachary , Chan Janice , Dejoie Julianne , Fitzgerald Kevin , Hartley Zach , Rasheed Moiz , Schacht Makayla ,   Queens_Canada, Gahagan Maddison , Kelly Ellis , Krauss Elisha ,   RDFZ-China, Cao Yuze , Shen Yishen , Wang Xuan , Xu Hanning , Zhang Jianxiang ,   REC-CHENNAI, Chandramouli Priyanka , Ashwin F Amal Jude , Jayaraman Srimathi , Jude Marcia Smiti , Kumar Vignesh , Lekshmi Hema , Preetha R. , Rashid Khadija , Deepak Kumar S. , Mohan Kumar B. S. ,   Rheda_Bielefeld, Barrat Leon Michael , Dissmann Jil-Sophie , Kalinowski Jorn , Otto Matthias , Ruhnau Johannes , Stuhlweissenburg Fynn , Ueding Elisa ,   RHIT, Bohner Ariel , Clark Brittany , Deibel Emilie , Klaas Liz , Pate Kaylee , Weber Elisa ,   Rice, Cohen Katherine , Guseva Anna , King Stefanie , Yoon Soohyun ,   Ruia-Mumbai, Ambre Sanika , Bhowmick Shilpa , Pange Nishtha , Parab Komal , Patel Vainav , Patil Mitali , Rajurkar Aishwarya , Rege Mayuri , Sawant Maithili , Sawant Shrutika , Vaidya Anjali ,   SBS_SH_112144, Ji Peicheng , Luo Fang , Ma Guanghui , Xu Xin , Yin Jiacheng , Zhou Yinchi , Zhu Ke ,   SCAU-China, Huang Yaohua , Huang Yinpin , Li Jiadong , Li Xuecheng , Wang Hao , Wang Ken , Wang Wei , Zhang Xinyu , Zou Jiahua ,   SCU-China, Bao Minyue , Kang Han , Liu Xiaolong , Tao Yibing , Wang Ziru , Yang Fuqiang , Zhang Tianyi , Zhong Yanling ,   SCUT_ChinaB, Liu Jiezheng , Liu Jingang , Ma Lingling , Niu Xubo , Qian Ling , Wang Li , Yan Qingyan , Zhao Nannan ,   SCUT-ChinaA, Chen Weixuan , Zhou Yuxin ,   SDU-CHINA, Chen Junyang ,   SFLS_Shenzhen, Hao Junyao , HuaYue Zhang , Li Peilin , Pei Yifei , Qu Jingting , Wang Raven , Wang Xinyue , Wu Kangjie , Wu Yuxuan , Xiang Meredith , Yang Leyi , Yang Zisang , Zhaoting Li ,   ShanghaiTech, Fu Wenhan , Li Zonghao , Tang Weiyi , Zhang Kaida ,   SHSBNU_China, Li Haocong , Shao Xuze , Yang Chuyi , Zeng Yuanhong , Zhou Yanjun ,   SHSID_China, Dong Shangzhi , Jung Younji , Li Sophie Ruojia , Li Tingting , Yu Jiacheng ,   SHSU_China, Dong Shangzhi , Li Tingting , Miao Xinyi , Wang Sibo ,   SIAT-SCIE, Ding Yiming , Huang Jiaxi , Li Yuqi , Sun Ting , Tian Qinghe , Wu Mengxuan , Xing Jinming , Xiong Xin , Yan Yining , Yihang Qiu , Zhang Jige , Zhou Yi , Zhou Zhiyu ,   SJTU-BioX-Shanghai, Chen Zhuoyang , He Peixiang , Hong Yirui , Hsiao Chia-Yi , Liang Zhihan , Liu Zhixiang , Ran Yuncong , Sun Shiyu , Xia Ruoyu ,   SKLMT-China, Dong Dongyang , Zhao Wenxue ,   SMMU-China, Hu Miao , Hu Shi , Shi Wei , Shulun  , Yan Han , Ye Yusheng ,   SMS_Shenzhen, Hong Yiquan , Pan Yuyao , Song Yiran , Zhang Jinhan , Zhao Yihang ,   Sorbonne_U_Paris, Chater Dounia , Foda Asmaa , Li Yanyan , Saade Ursula , Sayous Victor ,   SSHS-Shenzhen, Mo Yilin , Ren Wenan , Zeng Chenxu ,   SSTi-SZGD, Cao Yixin ,   St_Andrews, Czekster Clarissa , Dunstan Izzy , Powis Simon , Reaney Bethany , Snaith Eva , Young Cam ,   Stanford, Frankel Eva , Glockner Eleanor , Justice Isaac ,   Stanford-Brown-RISD, Murugan Santosh , Penny Leo ,   Stockholm, Garcia Chrismar , Rentouli Stamatina ,   Stony_Brook, Aggarwal Priya , Budhan Stephanie , Chiang Woody , Kwasniak Dominika , Ledalla Karthik , Lee Matthew , Lo Natalie , Mullin Matthew , Pan Lin Yu , Rakhimov Jennifer , Ruzic Robert , Shah Manvi , Velikov Lukas , Vincent Sara ,   Stuttgart, Horz Philip , Kuebler Nadine , Notheisen Jan ,   SUIS_Shanghai, Doyle David , Gu Jiajun , Hu Wenyue , Yang Shuting ,   SYSU-CHINA, Kehan Tao , Menghan Gao , Xiaowen Mao ,   SYSU-Software, Chen Yifei , Kang Ziqi , Ni Haochen ,   SZU-China, Chen Junyu , He Lindong , Luo Mingyue , Tang Jiaqi ,   Tacoma_RAINmakers, Boyce Kira , Lee James , Martin Michael , Nguyen Judy Van , Wan Leon ,   Tartu_TUIT, Astapenka Artur , Badalli Turan , Borovko Irina , Chulkova Nadezhda , Faustova Ilona , Kolosova Anastasia , Loog Mart , Maljavin Artemi , Matiyevskaya Frida , Tuzov Vladislav ,   TAS_Taipei, Chang Catherine , Chou Ryan , Clapper Jude , Ho Tim , Hsieh Yi Da , Lai Evelyn , Tsai Leona , Wang Kelsey , Wu Justin ,   Tec-Chihuahua, Dominguez Viana Isabel Perez , Fernandez Cesar Ibrahym Rodriguez , Fierro Daniela Olono , Nunez Anna Karen Aguilar , Perez Jose Pablo Rascon , Rivera Mario Loya , Trevizo Cynthia Lizeth Gonzalez , Velasco Maria Antonia Luna ,   Tec-Monterrey, Oropeza Carlos Javier Cordero , Mendoza Adrian Federico Hernandez , Figueroa Jose Arnulfo Juarez , Leal Luis Mario , Benavides Samantha Ayde Pena , Martinez Victor Javier Robledo , Aguirre Adriana Lizeth Rubio , Alvarado Andres Benjamin Sanchez , Solano Margarita Sofia Calixto , Castillo Nora Esther Torres , Zamora Alejandro Robles , Pena Thevenet Esteban de la ,   TecCEM, Blas Karla Soto , Huerta Ana Laura Torres , Resendiz Armando Cortes ,   TecMonterrey_GDL, Cruz Frida , Diaz Fernanda , Espinoza Diego , Figueroa Ana Cristina , Luque Ana Cecilia , Portillo Roberto , Senes Carolina , Tamayo Diana , Del Toro Mariano ,   Thessaloniki, Alexopoulos Ioannis , Giannopoulos Alexandros Dimitriou , Giannoula Yvoni , Kyrpizidis Grigorios ,   Tongji_China, Xinyue Ma , Xirui Chen , Zhiwei Song ,   Toronto, Adler Nina , Caballero Amalia , Hamady Carla , Ibrahim Ahmed , Parmar Jasmeen , Rastogi Tashi , Yang Jindian ,   Toulouse-INSA-UPS, Delhomme Jean , Henras Anthony , Heux Stephanie , Romeo Yves , Toanen Marion , Wagner Camille , Zanoni Paul ,   TU_Darmstadt, Lotz Thea , Nickels Elena , Suss Beatrix , Warzecha Heribert , Zimmermann Jennifer ,   TU-Eindhoven, Dubuc Emilien , Eijkens Bruno , Keij Sander , Twisk Simone , Verhagen Mick , Oetelaar Maxime van den ,   TUDelft, Armstrong Alexander , Bennis Nicole , Bouwmeester Susan , Buller Lisa , Kohabir Kavish , Leeuw Monique de , Mangkusaputra Venda , Mattens Jard , Nijenhuis Janine , Paez Timmy , Schmidtchen Lisbeth , Voort Gemma van der ,   TUST_China, Ge Gao , Haoran Xu , Xiaojin Li ,   UAlberta, Agena Ejouan , Agena Ethan , Bath Scott , Campbell Robert , Dalangin Rochelin , Kim Anna , Sauvageau Dominic , Shkolnikov Irene ,   UC_Davis, Graves Daniel , Lang Jacob , Nieberding-Swanberg Jolee , Rao Achala , Torres Ares , Yao Andrew ,   UC_San_Diego, Abbas Anser , Luo Claire ,   UCAS-China, Zepeng Xu , Ziyi Zhao ,   UChicago, Chen Janice , Colgan Cian , Dvorkin Steve , Filzen Rachael , Patel Varun , Scott Allison , Zulueta Patricia ,   UChile_Biotec, Acosta Joaquin , Araya Lucas , Chavez Francisco , Farias Sebastian , Garrido Delia , Marcoleta Andres , Munoz Felipe , Rivas Paula ,   UCL, Colant Noelle , Fan Catherine , Frank Stefanie , Gabrielli Jacopo , Handal Paola , Pinheiro Vitor , Santamaria Stefanie , Withanage Shamal , Xue Fang ,   UCLouvain, Gerard Antoine , Lefevre Marine , Milano Fiona , Oliveira Nina De Sousa , Parmentier Mathieu , Rigon Luca ,   UConn, Chamiec-Case Elizabeth , Chen Ryan , Crowley Peter , Doyle Shannon , Kadimi Sricharan , Vella Toni ,   UCopenhagen, Adulyanukosol Natthawut , Dusseaux Theodore A. , Forman Victor , Hansen Cecilie , Kofoed Selma , Louis Simon , Lykkegaard Magnus Ronne , Mancinotti Davide , Meyer Lasse , Michelsen Stephanie , Raadam Morten , Rasmussen Victoria Svaerke , Thormar Eirikur Andri , Uslu Attila , leelahakorn Nattawut ,   UESTC-China, Ding Shizhi , Li Changyu , Tan Huishuang , Xu Yinsong , Yang Jianzhe ,   UFlorida, Gamoneda Diego , Kantor Nicole , Trujillo-Rodriguez Lidimarie , Turner Matthew ,   UGA, George Stephan , McConnell Kelton , Pollitt Chynna ,   UI_Indonesia, Amin Ihya Fakhrurizal , Ikhsan Muhammad , Japranata Valdi Ven , Laurentius Andrea , Nurachman Luthfian Aby , Pratama Muhammad Iqbal Adi ,   UiOslo_Norway, Dirven Yvette , Frohlich Lisa , Linke Dirk , Mertes Verena , Rolfsnes Rebekka Rekkedal , Saragliadis Athanasios ,   UIOWA, Castillo Sandra , Chinnathambi Sathivel , Ellermeier Craig , Farrell Jennifer , Fassler Jan , Fuentes Ernie , Ryan Sean , Sander Edward ,   UIUC_Illinois, Bott Amie , Healy Liam , Karumanchi Pranathi , Ruzicka Alex , Wang Ziyu ,   ULaval, Byatt Gabriel , Despres Philippe C. , Dube Alexandre , Lemieux Pascale , Echelard Florian , Lortie Louis-Andre , Rouleau Francois D. ,   ULaVerne_Collab, Barrington Seth , Basulto Cynthia , Delgadillo Sabrina , Leon Karen De , Madrid Micah , Meas Catherosette , Sabandal Angelica , Sanchez Magaly Aguirre , Tsui Jennifer , Woodward Noble ,   UMaryland, Battina Rohith , Boyer Jess , Cherupalla Arjun , Chiang Jason , Heng Mary , Keating Collin , Liang Tommy , Loke Chun Kit , Premo Jacob , Srinivasan Keerthana , Starkel John , Zheng Daniel ,   UNebraska-Lincoln, Astorino Gabe , Cott Rachel Van , Guo Jintao , Kortus Drew , Niu Wei ,   Unesp_Brazil, Freire Paulo J. C. , Pedrolli Danielle Biscaro , Ribeiro Nathan Vinicius , Silva Bruna Fernandes , Vanini Nadine Vaz , Mota Mariana Santana da , Crispim Larissa de Souza ,   UNSW_Australia, Chapman Tyler , Gaitt Tobias , Jones Megan , Watson Emily ,   UPF_CRG_Barcelona, Lopez-Grado Guillem , Sans Laura ,   UPF_CRG_Barcelona, Brink Matilda , Rajagopal Varshni , Ramstrom Elin ,   US_AFRL_CarrollHS, Bete Anna , Camacho Yazmin , Carter Jonah , Davis Christina , Dong Jason , Ehrenworth Amy , Goodson Michael , Guptil Chris , Herrmann Max , Hung Chia , Jesse Hayley , Krabacher Rachel , McDonald Dallas , Menart Peter , O’Leary Travis , Polanka Laura , Poole Andrea , Varaljay Vanessa ,   USMA-West_Point, Appel Alana , Cave John , Huuki Liz , McDonough Matt , Mills Channah , Mitropoulos Alex , Pruneski James , Wickiser Ken ,   USP-Brazil, Buson Felipe Xavier , Flores Vinicius , Lima Guilherme Meira , Rosa Caio Gomes Tavares ,   UST_Beijing, Bao Guanke , Dong Haitao , Luo Zhi , Peng Jiarong ,   USTC, An Yongyan , Cheng Cheng , Jiang Zhenyu , Kong Linzhen , Luo Chenfei , Luo Liudong , Shi Yingying , Tang Erting , Wang Ping , Wang Yuyang , Xu Guiyang , Yu Wenfei , Zhang Bonan , Zhang Qian ,   UT-Knoxville, Garcia David , Jiang Nannan , Kristy Brandon , Laurel Ralph , Leitner Karl , Loeffler Frank , Ripp Steven , Street Morgan ,   Utrecht, Amheine Khadija , Bindt Felix , Boer Meine , Boxem Mike , Govers Jolijn , Jongkees Seino , Pattiradjawane Lorenzo , Swart Pim , Tsang Helen , Graaf Floor de , ten Dam Marjolijn , Heijningen Franca van ,   Valencia_UPV, Boada Yadira , Vignoni Alejandro ,   Vilnius-Lithuania, Brasas Valentas , Gaizauskaite Aukse , Jakutis Gabrielius , Jasiunas Simas , Juskaite Ieva , Ritmejeris Justas , Vaitkus Dovydas , Venclovas Tomas , Vitkute Kornelija , Yeliseyeva Hanna , Zukauskaite Kristina , Zvirblyte Justina ,   Vilnius-Lithuania-OG, Karpus Laurynas , Mazelis Ignas , Rokaitis Irmantas ,   Virginia, Akingbesote Ngozi D. , Culfogienis Dylan , Huang William , Park Kevin ,   Warwick, Ahuja Janvi , Corre Christophe , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Evans Rhys , Hill Kurt , Holman Olivor , Jaramillo Alfonso , Khalid Alizah , Lawrence Jack , Mansfield Laura , O’Brien James , Ong June , Prakash Satya , Whiteside Jonny ,   Washington, Anderson Karl , Chun Emily , Kim Grace , Nguyen Aerilynn , Shola Chemay , Toghani Dorsa , Wong Angel , Wong Joanne , Yung Jay ,   WashU_StLouis, Johnson Elizabeth , Lahad Divangana , Nicholson Kyle , Pedamallu Havisha , Phelan Cam ,   Waterloo, Fikry Clara , Fulton Leah , Lassel Nicole , Perera Dylan , Robin Marina , Shaw Nicolette ,   Westminster_UK, Bowman Kyle , Coleman Sarah , Emilov Kristian , Gaspar Camila , Jenakendran Jenaagan , Mubeen Sara , Obrvan Marko , Smith Caroline ,   WHU-China, Bo Tang , Du Liaoqi  , Tianyi Chang , Yuan Xing , Yue Qing ,   William_and_Mary, Do Stephanie , Fang Xiangyi , Jones Ethan , Laury Jessica , Liu Wukun , Oliver Adam , Parr Lillian , Saha Margaret , Shen Chengwu , Son Tinh , Urban Julia , Verma Yashna , Zhou Hanmi ,   Worldshaper-Wuhan, Dong Shan , Hao Zhengguo , Kuang Yi , Liu Ting , Zhou Rui ,   WPI_Worcester, Arruda Beck , Farny Natalie , Hao Mei , Pearce Camille , Rebello Alex , Sharma Arth , Sumner Kylie , Sweet Bailey ,   XJTLU-CHINA, Lin Junliang ,   XJTU-China, Mengtao Du , Peiyao Fan , Xinlei Fang ,   XMU-China, Cai Niangui , Chen Junhong , Fu Yousi , Hu Yunyun , Qiang Ye , Wang Qiupeng , Yang Ruofan , Yucheng Chen , Zheng Jiyang ,   Yale, Chang Kevin , Gao Cecily , Isaacs Farren , Li Kevin , Moscoso Ricardo , Patel Jaymin , Telesz Lauren , Tirad Alice ,   ZJU-China, Cao Qinhao , Feng Xinhua , Lu Yinjing , Zhang Xianyin , Zhou Xuanhao ,   ZJUT-China, Sun Dongchang , Yuan Zhe , Zhou Jiajie 
Published: September 2020

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals  <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.