bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Apostle of Joy
Authors: Kerns Vincent
Published: September 2024

Joy', wrote G. K. Chesterton on the last page of Orthodoxy, ‘is the gigantic secret of the Christian'. One of the greatest possessors of this secret was that gentle and genial bishop, St Francis de Sales. ‘God is the God of joy', he wrote; ‘the spirit of joy is the true spirit of devotion'.

The worldly connotation of devotion is a dismal one. The opening chapters of the Introduction to the Devout Life were intended to dispel that erroneous opinion. The way of the soul to God should be one of joy; indeed it can only be one of joy, for sadness and melancholy are diametrically opposed to the happiness that comes from drawing near to God. ‘I cannot conceive', Francis wrote to a saddened soul, ‘how you can let your heart be filled with such deep sorrow, considering you are a child of God, entrusted to his loving kindness, and consecrated to his love'.
The End of an Impassioned Feud: The 2022 Oberammergau Passion Play and the Public Embrace of Progressive Politics
Authors: LEFFLER ELLIOT
Published: September 2024

The Oberammergau Passion Play – arguably the largest and longest-running Passion Play tradition in the world – depicts Jesus’ arrest, conviction and crucifixion at a spellbinding scale. It has also been at the centre of a controversy regarding its historic antisemitism and its efforts to reform, having engaged a director with a zeal for radically changing it. However, this article, informed by a large ethnographic study, argues that the feud that engulfed the town for decades – with reformers and traditionalists at loggerheads – has now abated. The 2022 Passion Play was made almost entirely by pro-reform locals, with traditionalists now outnumbered and sidelined, due to both their own choices and intentional exclusion by those at the helm. What remains of the feud has now changed shape, focusing not on the changes to the play but on the leadership style of the director.
Roman-period trade in ceramic building materials on the Levantine Mediterranean coast: evidence from a farmstead site near Ashqelon/Ascalon, Israel
Authors: Cohen-Weinberger Anat , Paran Nir-Shimshon , Taxel Itamar
Published: September 2024

The production and distribution of ceramic building materials (CBM) in the Roman period have long attracted the attention of archaeologists, as they provide clues to aspects of trade, identity, and technological and architectural traditions. However, there has been a notable scarcity of studies focusing on plain CBM in the southern Levant, particularly in the Mediterranean coastal region. This study concentrates on CBM (bricks, tubuli, drainage pipes, and roof tiles) from a Roman-period wealthy farmstead (Khirbat Khaur el-Bak) near the city of Ashqelon/Ascalon, apparently owned by a serving member of the military or a veteran. The petrographic analyses indicate that apart from the locally produced drainage pipes, the CBM were imported from overseas, namely Cilicia and Beirut. The results shed light on CBM trade in the Eastern Mediterranean, and on the complex nature of the population and material life in and around Roman Ashqelon, which included local and foreign elements.
Aberrant right subclavian artery stenting and embolisation for button battery-induced recurrent arterio-oesophageal fistula
Authors: Bichali Saïd , Maltezeanu Alix , Houeijeh Ali
Published: September 2024

A young child, who had a previously unsuspected aberrant right subclavian retro-oesophageal artery, swallowed a button battery complicated with recurrent life-threatening bleeding, and survived after repeated percutaneous treatment as a bridge to surgery.
SENSE AND SENSIBILITY: A HISTORY OF THE EARLY BRAZILIAN COST-OF-LIVING INDEXES IN PURSUIT OF A MINIMUM WAGE, 1935–1939
Authors: Cruz-e-Silva Victor
Published: September 2024

The early decades of the twentieth century witnessed a far-reaching growth in empirical exercises designed to measure the cost of living. Brazil was no exception to this movement, and the first studies of this nature for that country surfaced between 1935 and 1939. Among these, three deserve special attention for the soundness of their construction. These are the exercises of Horace Davis, Samuel Lowrie, and Bruno Rudolfer, professors of the Free School of Sociology and Politics of São Paulo, which investigated the cost of living in connection with the pursuit of a proper minimum wage in Brazil. The aim of this article is to revisit their pioneering efforts to measure the cost of living and to indicate how these studies touched upon the search for a minimum wage in Brazil.
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INDIAN INDENTURED LABOR IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Hui Neha , Kambhampati Uma
Published: September 2024

Abolition of slavery in British colonies led to the facilitation of Indian indentured migration by the British government. This form of migration came about when the discourse of economic freedom and individual liberty strongly resonated in British political economy circles, following the work of Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill. We analyze how unfreedom in indentured labor was rationalized when the rhetoric of freedom was essential to the dominant intellectual milieu. We consider why free labor was deemed unfeasible in the plantation colonies. We also consider the constraints that asymmetric information and unequal bargaining posed to freedom within the institution of indenture. We conclude that indenture represented an uneasy compromise between the problems of slavery and the unattainable goal of free labor.
NETWORKS OF HISTORIANS OF ECONOMICS: FIFTY YEARS OF HISTORY OF ECONOMICS SOCIETY CONFERENCES
Authors: Svorenčík Andrej
Published: September 2024

The History of Economics Society (HES) is neither the oldest nor the largest academic society of historians of economic thought.1 However, no one would deny—certainly not when celebrating its fiftieth anniversary—the vital role the HES has had in establishing and shaping the field of history of economics. The goal of this paper is to go beyond mere favorable impressions to an evidence-based history grounded in analyzing the attendees of the exploratory conference in 1973 and the fifty annual HES meetings that followed.
Food insecurity and food bank use: who is most at risk of severe food insecurity and who uses food banks?
Authors: Garratt Elisabeth A , Armstrong Beth
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

To identify (1) who experiences food insecurity of differing severity and (2) who uses food banks in England, Wales and Northern Ireland; (3) whether the same groups experience food insecurity and use food banks; and (4) to explore country- and region-level differences in food insecurity and food bank use.

Design:

This pooled cross-sectional study analysed the characteristics of adults experiencing food insecurity of differing severity using generalised ordinal logistic regression models and the characteristics of adults using food banks using logistic regression models, using data from three waves of the Food and You 2 surveys, 2021–2023.

Setting:

England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Participants:

18 557 adults.

Results:

20·8 % of respondents experienced food insecurity in the past 12 months, and 3·6 % had used a food bank. Food insecurity was associated with income, working status, respondent age, family type, ethnicity, country, long-term health conditions, food hypersensitivity, urban-rural status and area-level deprivation. Severe food insecurity was concentrated among respondents with long-term health conditions and food hypersensitivities. Food bank use was more prevalent among food insecure respondents and unemployed and low-income respondents. Neither outcome showed clear geographical variation. Certain groups experienced an elevated likelihood of food insecurity but did not report correspondingly greater food bank use.

Conclusions:

Food insecurity is unevenly distributed, and its nutrition and health-related consequences demonstrate that food insecurity will intensify health inequalities. The divergence between the scale of food insecurity and food bank use strengthens calls for adequate policy responses.
Stream Nitrate Dynamics Driven Primarily by Discharge and Watershed Physical and Soil Characteristics at Intensively Monitored Sites: Insights From Deep Learning
Authors: Gorski G. , Larsen L. , Wingenroth J. , Zhang L. , Bellugi D. , Appling A. P.
Published: September 2024

We developed a suite of models using deep learning to make hindcast predictions of the 7‐day average backward‐looking nitrate concentration at 46 predominantly agricultural sites across the midwestern and eastern United States. The models used daily observations of discharge and meteorological variables and watershed attributes describing anthropogenic modification to hydrology, nitrogen application, climate, groundwater, land use, watershed physiographic attributes, and soils. Across all sites, discharge and watershed soil and physiographic attributes showed a strong influence on model performance. Analysis of drivers across sites revealed considerable regional differences related to controlling processes such as groundwater contributions. We tested several ways to pool data across sites to develop accurate models and make the most effective use of available data. Single‐site models, in which models are trained and tested at a single location, showed generally strong predictive performance (median Kling‐Gupta Efficiency = 0.66), and accuracy at poorly performing sites could be improved by grouping sites with similar characteristics. Developing a single model for all sites reduced performance at several locations with distinct characteristics, suggesting that there is a threshold of dissimilarity beyond which more data does not improve the model. While many deep learning studies have shown that national or even global models can outperform local models, it is not clear that this is true for water quality constituents. This study demonstrates how data can be combined effectively, using deep learning to develop accurate and interpretable models of instream nitrate at sites where varying processes are responsible for changes in nitrate concentration.
Ultrahigh-resolution, high-fidelity quantum dot pixels patterned by dielectric electrophoretic deposition
Authors: Luo Chengzhao , Ding Yanhui , Ren Zhenwei , Wu Chenglong , Huo Yonghuan , Zhou Xin , Zheng Zhiyong , Wang Xinwen , Chen Yu
Published: September 2024

The high pixel resolution is emerging as one of the key parameters for the next-generation displays. Despite the development of various quantum dot (QD) patterning techniques, achieving ultrahigh-resolution (>10,000 pixels per inch (PPI)) and high-fidelity QD patterns is still a tough challenge that needs to be addressed urgently. Here, we propose a novel and effective approach of orthogonal electric field-induced template-assisted dielectric electrophoretic deposition to successfully achieve one of the highest pixel resolutions of 23090 (PPI) with a high fidelity of up to 99%. Meanwhile, the proposed strategy is compatible with the preparation of QD pixels based on perovskite CsPbBr3 and conventional CdSe QDs, exhibiting a wide applicability for QD pixel fabrication. Notably, we further demonstrate the great value of our approach to achieve efficiently electroluminescent QD pixels with a peak external quantum efficiency of 16.5%. Consequently, this work provides a general approach for realizing ultrahigh-resolution and high-fidelity patterns based on various QDs and a novel method for fabricating QD-patterned devices with high performance.
From West to East: Professor Pavlos Savvidis’ Quest for Light
Authors: Wang Ji
Published: September 2024

Editorial

As early as about 2400 years ago, Mozi (original name Mo Di, Latinized as Micius), an ancient Chinese scientist, proposed the theory of pinhole imaging that demonstrates the fundamental principle of light behavior. About 700 years ago, Marco Polo, an Italian explorer, traveled to China along the Silk Road, marveled at the economic prosperity and the advanced technology of Hangzhou City in China, and described Hangzhou as “the most beautiful and splendid city in the world”. About 5 years ago, with the support of the China-proposed Belt-and-Road Initiative, it was in Hangzhou City that Professor Pavlos Savvidis, an Armenian-born Greek physicist, chose to work with more of his Chinese counterparts and took on the challenge of building a new research laboratory on quantum optoelectronics. He used to study and work in the UK, the USA, and Greece, but now in New China’s first new type of research university supported by the society—Westlake University. Traveling from West to East, traversing from one civilization to another, Professor Pavlos Savvidis delves into his unwavering quest for light in this issue of “Light People”, and discusses his tireless pursuit of excellence in the field of optoelectronics, which has garnered him widespread citation, recognition, and contribution to the global scientific community.
Non-volatile photonic-electronic memory via 3D monolithic ferroelectric-silicon ring resonator
Authors: Chen Hang
Published: September 2024

A novel non-volatile photonic-electronic memory, 3D integrating an Al-doped HfO2 ferroelectric thin film onto a silicon photonic platform using fully compatible electronic and photonic fabrication processes, enables electrically/optically programmable, non-destructively readable, and multi-level storage functions.
Antagonistic nanobodies implicate mechanism of GSDMD pore formation and potential therapeutic application
Authors: Schiffelers Lisa D. J. , Tesfamariam Yonas M. , Jenster Lea-Marie , Diehl Stefan , Binder Sophie C. , Normann Sabine , Mayr Jonathan , Pritzl Steffen , Hagelauer Elena , Kopp Anja , Alon Assaf , Geyer Matthias , Ploegh Hidde L. , Schmidt Florian I.
Published: September 2024

Inflammasome activation results in the cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) by pro-inflammatory caspases. The N-terminal domains (GSDMDNT) oligomerize and assemble pores penetrating the target membrane. As methods to study pore formation in living cells are insufficient, the order of conformational changes, oligomerization, and membrane insertion remained unclear. We have raised nanobodies (VHHs) against human GSDMD and find that cytosolic expression of VHHGSDMD-1 and VHHGSDMD-2 prevents oligomerization of GSDMDNT and pyroptosis. The nanobody-stabilized GSDMDNT monomers partition into the plasma membrane, suggesting that membrane insertion precedes oligomerization. Inhibition of GSDMD pore formation switches cell death from pyroptosis to apoptosis, likely driven by the enhanced caspase-1 activity required to activate caspase-3. Recombinant antagonistic nanobodies added to the extracellular space prevent pyroptosis and exhibit unexpected therapeutic potential. They may thus be suitable to treat the ever-growing list of diseases caused by activation of (non-) canonical inflammasomes.
Decoding the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microbiota using pan-body pan-disease microbiomics
Authors: Schmartz Georges P. , Rehner Jacqueline , Gund Madline P. , Keller Verena , Molano Leidy-Alejandra G. , Rupf Stefan , Hannig Matthias , Berger Tim , Flockerzi Elias , Seitz Berthold , Fleser Sara , Schmitt-Grohé Sabina , Kalefack Sandra , Zemlin Michael , Kunz Michael , Götzinger Felix , Gevaerd Caroline , Vogt Thomas , Reichrath Jörg , Diehl Lisa , Hecksteden Anne , Meyer Tim , Herr Christian , Gurevich Alexey , Krug Daniel , Hegemann Julian , Bozhueyuek Kenan , Gulder Tobias A. M. , Fu Chengzhang , Beemelmanns Christine , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Kalinina Olga V. , Becker Anouck , Unger Marcus , Ludwig Nicole , Seibert Martina , Stein Marie-Louise , Hanna Nikolas Loka , Martin Marie-Christin , Mahfoud Felix , Krawczyk Marcin , Becker Sören L. , Müller Rolf , Bals Robert , Keller Andreas
Published: September 2024

The human microbiome emerges as a promising reservoir for diagnostic markers and therapeutics. Since host-associated microbiomes at various body sites differ and diseases do not occur in isolation, a comprehensive analysis strategy highlighting the full potential of microbiomes should include diverse specimen types and various diseases. To ensure robust data quality and comparability across specimen types and diseases, we employ standardized protocols to generate sequencing data from 1931 prospectively collected specimens, including from saliva, plaque, skin, throat, eye, and stool, with an average sequencing depth of 5.3 gigabases. Collected from 515 patients, these samples yield an average of 3.7 metagenomes per patient. Our results suggest significant microbial variations across diseases and specimen types, including unexpected anatomical sites. We identify 583 unexplored species-level genome bins (SGBs) of which 189 are significantly disease-associated. Of note, the existence of microbial resistance genes in one specimen was indicative of the same resistance genes in other specimens of the same patient. Annotated and previously undescribed SGBs collectively harbor 28,315 potential biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), with 1050 significant correlations to diseases. Our combinatorial approach identifies distinct SGBs and BGCs, emphasizing the value of pan-body pan-disease microbiomics as a source for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
CEP192 localises mitotic Aurora-A activity by priming its interaction with TPX2
Authors: Holder James , Miles Jennifer A , Batchelor Matthew , Popple Harrison , Walko Martin , Yeung Wayland , Kannan Natarajan , Wilson Andrew J , Bayliss Richard , Gergely Fanni
Published: September 2024

Aurora-A is an essential cell-cycle kinase with critical roles in mitotic entry and spindle dynamics. These functions require binding partners such as CEP192 and TPX2, which modulate both kinase activity and localisation of Aurora-A. Here we investigate the structure and role of the centrosomal Aurora-A:CEP192 complex in the wider molecular network. We find that CEP192 wraps around Aurora-A, occupies the binding sites for mitotic spindle-associated partners, and thus competes with them. Comparison of two different Aurora-A conformations reveals how CEP192 modifies kinase activity through the site used for TPX2-mediated activation. Deleting the Aurora-A-binding interface in CEP192 prevents centrosomal accumulation of Aurora-A, curtails its activation-loop phosphorylation, and reduces spindle-bound TPX2:Aurora-A complexes, resulting in error-prone mitosis. Thus, by supplying the pool of phosphorylated Aurora-A necessary for TPX2 binding, CEP192:Aurora-A complexes regulate spindle function. We propose an evolutionarily conserved spatial hierarchy, which protects genome integrity through fine-tuning and correctly localising Aurora-A activity.
Ligand-triggered antenna effect and dual emissions in Eu(iii) MOF and its application in multi-mode sensing of 1,4-dioxane
Authors: Gogoi Madhulekha , Kalita Sanmilan Jyoti , Deb Jyotirmoy , Gogoi Ankur , Saikia Lakshi
Published: September 2024

A new set of metal–organic frameworks was designed by functionalizing g-C3N4 with benzoic acid and using them as structure-directing ligands during the metal–organic framework (MOF) formation.
Activation of uranyl peroxides by ionizing radiation prior to uranyl carbonate formation
Authors: Emory Zoe C. , LaVerne Jay A. , Burns Peter C.
Published: September 2024

He2+-beam irradiation of the uranyl peroxide cage cluster Li–U28 to high doses leads to breakdown of the cage cluster and ultimately to the formation of uranyl carbonate species.
Interlayer surface energy control for high-efficiency printed organic photovoltaic cells
Authors: Wang Jianqiu , Wang Yafei , Du Mengzhen , Yu Yue , Wang Chaoyi , Wang Wenxuan , Guo Qing , Cui Yong , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui
Published: September 2024

Incorporating NiO nanoparticles into PEDOT controls the surface energy of interface layer, enabling the manipulation of film formation kinetics and morphology of active layer. Consequently, 1.03 cm2 cells achieved 18.5% efficiency.
Vortex mediated fabrication of 2D antimonene sheets from antimony powder
Authors: Alrashaidi Fayed Abdullah , Rahpeima Soraya , Luo Xuan , Vimalanathan Kasturi , Alotabi Abdulrahman S. , Alharbi Thaar , Chen Xianjue , Chen Dechao , Tang Youhong , Gibson Christopher , Darwish Nadim , Li Qin , Raston Colin L.
Published: September 2024

Semiconducting 2D antimony a few layers thick with novel photoluminescence is prepared in a vortex fluidic device, directly from antimony power at room temperature, as a green and scalable process.
Correction: Enhancing the chemotherapeutic efficacy of platinum prodrug nanoparticles and inhibiting cancer metastasis by targeting iron homeostasis
Authors: Ding Fang , Zhang Lingpu , Chen Hao , Song Haiqin , Chen Shiguo , Xiao Haihua
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Enhancing the chemotherapeutic efficacy of platinum prodrug nanoparticles and inhibiting cancer metastasis by targeting iron homeostasis’ by Fang Ding et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2020, 5, 999–1015, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NH00148A.
An instantaneous self-powered wireless sensing system based on a triboelectric nanogenerator and the human body
Authors: Xu Liangquan , Wu Jianhui , Zhang Kaihang , Lu Jiaqi , Li Jie , Hazarika Dinku , Jin Hao , Luo Jikui
Published: September 2024

This study harnesses the human body as both an energy source and a transmission medium for wearable sensors, achieving instantaneous wireless sensing over 8 meters.
Optical dark-field spectroscopy of single plasmonic nanoparticles for molecular biosciences
Authors: Labrador-Páez Lucía , Casasnovas-Melián Alfredo , Junquera Elena , Guerrero-Martínez Andrés , Ahijado-Guzmán Rubén
Published: September 2024

This review examines the use of gold nanoparticles as sensors in biomolecular science through optical dark-field spectroscopy, applied to systems such as DNA, proteins, complexes, and cells, with potential for in vivo applications soon.
Material design of biodegradable primary batteries: boosting operating voltage by substituting the hydrogen evolution reaction at the cathode
Authors: Yamada Shunsuke , Honda Takashi
Published: September 2024

This review highlights recent progress in increasing the operating voltage of biodegradable primary batteries by suppressing or substituting the hydrogen evolution reaction at the cathode with alternative redox reaction.
Two-dimensional silicene-based technologies in oncology: an emerging avenue
Authors: Sengupta Joydip , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar
Published: September 2024

Silicene-based technologies can be applied in photonic hyperthermia and drug delivery for oncology treatment.
An albumin unfolding and refolding cycle induced by a time-controlled pH jump
Authors: Del Giudice Alessandra , Del Giudice Daniele , Spatola Emanuele , Alemanno Valentina , Galantini Luciano , Di Stefano Stefano
Published: September 2024

An unfolding–refolding cycle of albumin is accomplished by using a pH jump based on the time-dependent decarboxylation of nitroacetic acid.
Antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility of semi-synthetic carbohydrate-based ionic hydrogels
Authors: Lambrecht Sina , Gazizova Alina , Kara Selin , Meyer Johanna , Jopp Stefan
Published: September 2024

The biocompatibility of carbohydrate-based ionic hydrogels produced from GVIM-I (glucosyl vinyl imidazolium iodide) was evaluated against several microorganisms and L929 cells to determine to applicability of these hydrogels in the medical field.
A 3D printed dual screen-printed electrode separation device for twin electrochemical mini-cell establishment
Authors: Thaweeskulchai Thana , Prempinij Waswan , Schulte Albert
Published: September 2024

Described is a tiny 3D-printed plastic sleeve for dual screen-printed electrodes that allows the two sensors to work independently on a either side of a barrier, in their own electrolyte, while the integrated counter and reference units are shared.
Dynamics of photoexcited 5-bromouracil and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine studied by extreme ultraviolet time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in liquid flat jets
Authors: Kang Do Hyung , Koga Masafumi , Haldar Neal , Neumark Daniel M.
Published: September 2024

The UV-induced photo-relaxation dynamics of 5-bromouracil and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine in aqueous solution were investigated using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with an extreme ultraviolet probe in a flat liquid jet.
Two-way photoswitching norbornadiene derivatives for solar energy storage
Authors: Fei Liang , Hölzel Helen , Wang Zhihang , Hillers-Bendtsen Andreas Erbs , Aslam Adil S. , Shamsabadi Monika , Tan Jialing , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Wang Chaoxia , Moth-Poulsen Kasper
Published: September 2024

A series of two-way photoswitching norbornadiene derivatives is designed for efficient and robust energy conversion. A flow MOST device and MOST films demonstrate optically controlled energy release in solution and solid state, respectively.
Creating a suprazyme: integrating a molecular enzyme mimic with a nanozyme for enhanced catalysis
Authors: Hyziuk Pavlo , Flaibani Matteo , Posocco Paola , Sashuk Volodymyr
Published: September 2024

We present a supramolecular assembly of cucurbituril macrocycles and organomodified gold nanoparticles, referred to as “suprazyme”, with catalytic activity surpassing its components by over 50 times in a model oximation reaction.
Long-persistent luminescence by host–guest Förster resonance energy transfer
Authors: Sun Hui-Li , Zhang Qiang-Sheng , Wang Zhong-Hao , Huang Yan-Ting , Pan Mei
Published: September 2024

An unexpected finding of organic afterglow triggered by a paper (cellulose)-matrixed strategy was reported, which offers a novel host–guest afterglow system attributed to the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism.
Metadynamics investigation of lanthanide solvation free energy landscapes and insights into separations energetics
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Peroutka Allison A. , Kravchuk Dmytro V. , Shafer Jenifer C. , Wilson Richard E. , Servis Michael J.
Published: September 2024

In this work, molecular dynamics simulation with metadynamics is performed to understand the relationship between lanthanide ion solvation energetics and separation performance.
Neuro-Affirming Practices for Voice Care
Authors: Kapila Ruchi , Gaddy Caroline , Pilchman Ry
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to educate speech-language pathologists (SLPs) on the role of neuro-affirming care in voice and upper airway interventions. This publication provides an introduction and background for neuro-affirming care, rationale for its inclusion in the areas of voice and upper airway, current limitations in providing neuro-affirming care in traditional voice centers, and case scenarios to provide examples of neuro-affirming practices in voice interventions (Appendix B).

Conclusions:

Given that neurodivergence often co-occurs with myriad conditions, it is likely SLPs across scope of practice, including voice and upper airway, will encounter neurodivergent individuals with voice and communication needs and will require greater awareness of neuro-affirming care to adequately serve these populations. Descriptions of neuro-affirming care principles, limitations and adaptations needed for neuro-affirming care in traditional voice settings, and case scenarios illustrating implementation of certain principles are provided. Future directions for neuro-affirming care in voice and upper airway should include neurodivergent researchers and clinicians in the investigation and implementation of these interventions.
YOLO‐RSFM: An efficient road small object detection method
Authors: Tang Pei , Ding Zhenyu , Lv Mao , Jiang Minnan , Xu Weikai
Published: September 2024

To tackle challenges in road multi‐object detection, such as object occlusion, small object detection, and multi‐scale object detection difficulties, a new YOLOv8n‐RSFM structure is proposed. The key improvement of this structure lies in the introduction of the transformer decoder head, which optimizes the matching between the ground truth and predicted boxes, thereby effectively addressing issues of object overlap and multi‐scale detection. Additionally, a small object detection layer is incorporated to retain crucial information beneficial for detecting small objects, significantly improving the detection accuracy for small targets. To enhance learning capacity and reduce redundant computations, the FasterNet backbone is employed to replace CSPDarknet53, thus accelerating the training process. Finally, the INNER‐MPDIoU loss function is introduced to replace the original algorithm's complete IoU to accelerate the convergence and obtain more accurate regression results. A series of experiments were conducted on different datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed model YOLOv8N‐RSFM outperforms the original model YOLOv8n in small target detection. On the VisDrone, TinyPerson, and VSCrowd datasets, the mean accuracy percentage improved by 7.9%, 12.3%, and 4.5%, respectively.
Running with the bulls
Authors: Winter Andrew J. , Benisty Myriam , Shuai Linling , Dûchene Gaspard , Cuello Nicolás , Anania Rossella , Cadiou Corentin , Joncour Isabelle
Published: September 2024

Context. Stars and planets form in regions of enhanced stellar density, subjecting protoplanetary discs to gravitational perturbations from neighbouring stars. Observations in the Taurus star-forming region have uncovered evidence of at least three recent, star-disc encounters that have truncated discs (HV/DO Tau, RW Aurigae, and UX Tau), raising questions about the frequency of such events.

Aims. We aim to assess the probability of observing truncating star-disc encounters in Taurus.

Methods. We generated a physically motivated dynamical model including binaries and a spatial-kinematic substructure to follow the historical dynamical evolution of the Taurus star-forming region. We used this model to track star-disc encounters and the resulting outer disc truncation over the lifetime of Taurus.

Results. A quarter of discs are truncated below 30 au by dynamical encounters, but this truncation mostly occurs in binaries over the course of a few orbital periods, on a timescale ≲0.1 Myr. Nonetheless, some truncating encounters still occur up to the present age of Taurus. Strongly truncating encounters (ejecting ≳10 percent of the disc mass) occur at a rate ∼10 Myr−1, sufficient to explain the encounter between HV and DO Tau ∼0.1 Myr ago. If encounters that eject only ∼1 percent of the disc mass are responsible for RW Aurigae and UX Tau, then they are also expected with encounter rate Γenc ∼ 100–200 Myr−1. However, the observed sample of recent encounters is probably incomplete, since these examples occurred in systems that are not consistent with a random drawing from the mass function. One more observed example would statistically imply additional physics, such as replenishment of the outer disc material.

Conclusions. The marginal consistency of the frequency of observed recent star-disc encounters with theoretical expectations underlines the value of future large surveys searching for external structures associated with recent encounters. The outcome of such a survey offers a highly constraining, novel probe of protoplanetary disc physics.
Constraining galaxy properties with complete samples of lenses
Authors: Zhou Qing , Sonnenfeld Alessandro , Hoekstra Henk
Published: September 2024

The statistics of Einstein radii for a sample of strong lenses can provide valuable constraints on the underlying mass distribution. The correct interpretation, however, relies critically on the modelling of the selection of the sample, which has proven to be a limiting factor. This may change thanks to upcoming uniform high-resolution imaging surveys that cover a large fraction of the sky because they can provide complete lens samples with well-understood selection criteria. To explore how the observed distribution of Einstein radii depends on the galaxy properties, we simulated a realistic complete sample of strong lenses, predicting a number density of lenses of about 2.5 deg−2 for a Euclid-like setup. Such data can break the degeneracy between the stellar initial mass function and the inner slope of the density profile of dark matter, without having to rely on additional information from stellar dynamics. We find that a survey covering only 50 deg2 can already provide tight constraints: assuming that the cosmology is known, the dark matter slope is recovered with an uncertainty of 3.5%, while the uncertainty in the ratio between the true stellar mass and that inferred from stellar population modelling is 10%. These findings highlight the potential of this method when applied to samples of lenses with well-understood selection functions.
An optimal control problem of traffic flow on a junction
Authors: Cardaliaguet Pierre , Souganidis Panagiotis E.
Published: September 2024

We investigate how to control optimally a traffic flow through a junction on the line by acting only on speed reduction or traffic light at the junction. We show the existence of an optimal control and, under structure assumptions, provide optimality conditions. We use this analysis to investigate thoroughly the maximization of the flux on a space-time subset and show the existence of an optimal control which is bang-bang.
ARAMIS: a Martian radiative environment model built from GEANT4 simulations
Authors: Charpentier Gabin , Ruffenach Marine , Benacquista Rémi , Ecoffet Robert , Cappe Alexandre , Dossat Cédric , Varotsou Athina , Cintas Hugo , Paillet Alexis , Boyer Laure , Mekki Julien , Valet Philippe , Gourinat Yves
Published: September 2024

A new model of the Martian surface radiative environment has been built: Atmospheric RAdiation Model for Ionizing spectra on martian Surface (ARAMIS). Based on Monte Carlo calculations, it offers high computational flexibility for surface flux spectra with several GEANT4 physics lists tested for different exposures and mission scenarios. ARAMIS performs Monte Carlo simulations independently of any exposure scenario to determine a surface response function that can then be convolved to any input spectrum, avoiding simulation repetition while maintaining results accuracy, using a parametric atmosphere geometry. In particular, the adopted approach enables secondary spectra to be discriminated by type and origin, in order to observe the impact of different primary flux components on the surface dose calculation. The ARAMIS model has been validated with experimental measurements from the RAD (Radiation Assessment Detector) instrument on board the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover, and benchmarked against other models in the literature. Built using version 11.1.0 of the GEometry ANd Tracking (GEANT4) toolbox and established models of Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) or Solar Particle Event (SEP) spectra, the surface neutron and photon spectra provided by ARAMIS show a better agreement than other models with high-energy experimental data, reducing model uncertainty for radiation protection calculations.
Penile Reconstruction with Radial Forearm Free Flap—Present State of the Art
Authors: Jain Vasundhra , S. Shravan Rai K. , G. Srilekha Reddy , Guin Devajyoti , Gupta Shikha , Murarka Anil , Sharma Mohit
Published: September 2024

Background Patients with congenital or acquired penile defects face significant psychological trauma. Various methods for penile reconstruction have been described of which the free radial artery forearm flap using the tube-within-tube design is found to be the most commonly used. We have assimilated the best practices described at different times in our bid to standardize the technique and have strived to make it reproducible. The reconstructed phalluses with this method can withstand the test of time, allowing the patients to lead a normal life.

Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective review of the past 16 years and collected data for all radial forearm free flap phalloplasties. We have modified the design originally described by Biemer. The urethra is kept 1 cm longer than the shaft and the proximal 5 mm of the prospective urethra is not sutured to allow for spatulation of the urethral anastomosis.

Results A total of nine patients were included out of which six patients had congenital malformations, two had traumatic injuries, and one had penile carcinoma. Six out of the nine patients had implants placed which were wrapped in fascia lata graft. One of these patients experienced displacement of the implant which needed to be repositioned. Three patients faced postoperative complications. All patients had tactile and erogenous sensation at the tip of the glans at the end of 1 year and all patients could micturate while standing. One patient's esthetic and functional outcome was compromised. One of the married patients has fathered a child through normal sexual intercourse.

Conclusion Radial forearm phalloplasty done by this technique allows us to achieve consistently stable functional and esthetic outcomes. We firmly believe that this standardized protocol for penile reconstruction could be of great benefit to patients as well as to the treating reconstructive surgeon in their quest to achieve a completely rehabilitated patient.
Employing nutraceutical industry by-product, cumin seeds spent, for the adsorption treatment of acid blue 113 dye
Authors: Taqui Syed Noeman , Syed Usman Taqui , Algburi Sameer , Mir Rayees Afzal , Syed Akheel Ahmed , Al-Mansour Abdullah I. , Alam Shamshad , Amir khan Mohammad , Ukkund Shareefraza J.
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to discover the potential use of nutraceutical industrial cumin seed spent (NICUS) as an economical biosorbent for eliminating acid blue 113 (AB113), an azo dye, from water. The study investigates the influence of pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, particle size, and initial dye concentration on the adsorption of AB113. Various isotherm models and kinetic models were studied. At equilibrium situations, the maximum trial adsorption volume (qe) was found to be 96 mg g−1. The main objective was to determine the suitability of the pseudo-second-order model for describing the kinetics of adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters ΔG0ΔH0ΔS0 revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and non-spontaneous. The lower value of ΔH0 suggests a physical adsorption process. Analysis using FTIR and SEM spectra confirmed that the NICUS surface effectively adsorbed AB113. NICUS emerges as a promising adsorbent for the efficient deduction of AB113 from aqueous solutions.
Application of a hybrid lattice-Boltzmann Lagrangian method to predict fibrous particle penetration through mesh screens
Authors: Lin Kuang C. , Duong Thanh-Phat , Li Yen-Hsi , Chou Sheng-Yao
Published: September 2024

Inhalation of airborne fibers such as asbestos has been a concern for toxicological response that can affect lung tissues. This study aims at developing a computational model that predicts experimental measurements for fibrous particle filtration in nylon mesh screens and elucidates the physics underlying particle dynamics. The filtration process is operated at the constant airflow of 7 cm/s for particles with aerodynamic diameters between 0.8 and 10 μm corresponding to the particle length between 11.4 and 54.3 μm and particle diameter between 0.6 and 8.5 μm. The aerodynamic diameter characterizes particle sizes having different shapes and densities with a single dimension. This two-dimensional (2D) computational model with a single fiber represents the infinite array of screen fibers parallel to each other and screen collection efficiency is estimated by a previously proposed formula taking into account particle laden flow crossing two crossed fibers. The orientations of fibrous particles in a three-dimensional form are projected to the 2D plane and analyzed in the cross-sectional view of a screen. The simulations generally well predict experimental profiles of the screen collection efficiency as a function the aerodynamic diameter and screen pore size. The analyses carried out contain the distribution of particle fraction deposited along fiber surface, particle pathlines, particle distribution in the gas flow, and breakdown of forces acting on a single particle.
Coupling model of wellbore heat transfer and cuttings bed height during horizontal well drilling
Authors: Xiao Dong , Chen Liping , Xu Xiaofeng , Tang Gui , Hu Yongbo , Guo Boyun , Liu Mingjie , Yuan Chenxu , Li Gao
Published: September 2024

Horizontal well drilling is a powerful means of exploring and developing unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. However, cuttings are easily deposited at the bottom of the annulus of the horizontal well section. They, thus, form a cuttings bed and affect the wellbore flow and heat transfer during drilling. Currently, no wellbore heat transfer model considers the impact of cuttings beds. Therefore, a coupling model of wellbore heat transfer and cuttings bed height was established and validated using field data in this study. Despite the model's accuracy being dependent on the precise distribution of the cuttings bed height, it better aligns with the wellbore heat transfer characteristics during horizontal well drilling. Using this model, the influences of the circulation time, circulation flow rate, drill pipe rotation speed, rate of penetration, and inlet temperature on the wellbore heat transfer were investigated. Subsequently, measures to reduce the downhole temperature were proposed. In a case study, in comparison with models that do not consider the cuttings bed, the downhole temperature calculated by the new model was 1.3 °C higher. By increasing the circulation flow rate, controlling the drill pipe rotation speed and rate of penetration, and reducing the drilling fluid inlet temperature, we lowered the downhole temperature by 13.3 °C. This provided support for achieving one-trip drilling in a 215.9 mm borehole.
Modulating solute transport in magnetohydrodynamic pulsatile electroosmotic micro-channel flow: Role of symmetric and asymmetric wall zeta potentials
Authors: Das Debabrata , Poddar Nanda , Kairi Rishi Raj
Published: September 2024

This study provides a critical understanding of controlling solute distribution in microfluidic systems by examining the effects of symmetric and asymmetric zeta potentials under magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pulsatile electroosmotic flow. These findings are vital for enhancing the efficiency of microfluidic devices used in lab-on-a-chip applications. The aim of this study is to explore the modulation of solute transport in MHD pulsatile electroosmotic microchannel flow, focusing on both symmetric and asymmetric wall zeta potentials. Using the Debye–Hückel approximation, the Poisson–Boltzmann equation is obtained. Subsequently, the convection–diffusion equation is solved using the velocity profile, with Aris's method of moments to derive the moment equations. These equations are then solved using a finite difference scheme. The mean concentration is calculated employing Hermite polynomials. We examined the effects of key parameters such as the electroosmotic parameter (κ), the Hartmann number (Ha), and zeta potentials on the dispersion coefficient (DT), mean concentration distribution (Cm), skewness, and kurtosis. We consider three situations: symmetric (ζ1=ζ2), partially asymmetric (ζ1=1.0,ζ2=0.0), and fully asymmetric (ζ1=1.0,ζ2=−1.0) zeta potentials. Our results reveal that asymmetric zeta potentials lead to faster dispersion, with DT decreasing with increasing κ for symmetric potentials and increasing for asymmetric ones. As the Hartmann number increases, dispersion decreases for both symmetric and asymmetric zeta potentials while the peak of mean concentration rises. The mean concentration profile exhibits Gaussian behavior at both small and large times, with anomalous behavior in the intermediate region. For symmetric zeta potentials, Gaussianity is observed at t = 0.001 in the diffusive regime and at t = 10.0 in Taylor's regime, while for asymmetric potentials, Gaussianity occurs at t = 0.03 and t = 3.0, indicating that large-time Gaussian behavior is approximately 3.33 times faster and dispersion becomes transient for asymmetric potentials.
Impacts of the aneurysm deformation induced by stent on hemodynamic of blood flow in saccular internal carotid artery aneurysms
Authors: Mousavi S. Valiallah , Barzegar Gerdroodbary Mostafa , Sabernaeemi Amir , Salavatidezfouli Sajad , Valipour Peiman
Published: September 2024

Recognition of the aneurysm rupture risk after endovascular treatments is important for the evaluation of the applied treatment technique. In this paper, the role of the stent in the treatment of saccular internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm patients has been investigated to assess the performance of this endovascular technique in the reduction of bleeding possibility and hemorrhage. Hemodynamic studies have been performed to compare the main effective factors of wall shear stress, oscillatory index, and pressure on the aneurysm wall in different stages of the cardiac cycle. The computational technique of finite volume is used to model the pulsatile blood flow inside three different ICA patients. To simulate blood flow, the one-way fluid–solid interaction technique is considered for the interaction of the blood and vessel, and the Casson non-Newtonian model is applied for the modeling of the blood viscosity. The comparison of the velocity magnitude of deformed cases with the original also shows how the blood flow is limited by the deformation of the aneurysms. Aneurysm deformation induced by the stent reduces the blood flow rate into the sac section, and consequently, wall shear stress is decreased on the surface of aneurysms. Stent-induced straightening of the vessel shows superior performance in hemodynamic changes and could lower recurrence rates, while stenting may have negative impacts on hemodynamic alterations.
A coupling algorithm of the coupled level set and volume of fluid/immersed boundary method and adaptive mesh refine method for simulating multiphase flows
Authors: Meng Wenkang , Yu Ching-hao , Li Jia , An Ruidong
Published: September 2024

To handle multiphase (i.e., gas–liquid–solid) flow problems, an algorithm coupling the CLSVOF/IB (coupled level set and volume of fluid/immersed boundary) method with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) for simulating multiphase flows is proposed in this paper. First, in order to accurately predict the gas–liquid interface, intermediate, re-distancing, and second reconstruction steps are incorporated are added. Second, the CLSVOF/IB method has been developed to handle the gas–liquid interface and the fluid (including gas phase and liquid phase)–solid interface. The direct forcing IB method is employed, which utilizes an artificial force at specific cells that contain both fluid and solid phases. Finally, in order to more accurately calculate the IB force term at the fluid–solid interface, an AMR-CLSVOF/IB coupling algorithm for simulating multiphase flow is developed, in which meshes near the gas–liquid interface and the fluid–solid interface are refined at each time step. The biggest advantage of this coupling way is that besides refining meshes at the gas–liquid interface for enhanced fluid detail capture, the meshes near the solid structure are also refined, so that the IB force cells can be used to effectively describe the actual solid boundary. By using the proposed AMR-CLSVOF/IB method, accurate simulations of dam-break flows impacting fixed structures are achieved, enabling detailed capture of water flow and splash breakup phenomena.