bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thromboinflammation: challenges of therapeutically targeting coagulation and other host defense mechanisms
Authors: Jackson Shaun P. , Darbousset Roxane , Schoenwaelder Simone M.
Published: January 2019

Thrombosis with associated inflammation (thromboinflammation) occurs commonly in a broad range of human disorders. It is well recognized clinically in the context of superficial thrombophlebitis (thrombosis and inflammation of superficial veins); however, it is more dangerous when it develops in the microvasculature of injured tissues and organs. Microvascular thrombosis with associated inflammation is well recognized in the context of sepsis and ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, it also occurs in organ transplant rejection, major trauma, severe burns, the antiphospholipid syndrome, preeclampsia, sickle cell disease, and biomaterial-induced thromboinflammation. Central to thromboinflammation is the loss of the normal antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory functions of endothelial cells, leading to dysregulation of coagulation, complement, platelet activation, and leukocyte recruitment in the microvasculature. α-Thrombin plays a critical role in coordinating thrombotic and inflammatory responses and has long been considered an attractive therapeutic target to reduce thromboinflammatory complications. This review focuses on the role of basic aspects of coagulation and α-thrombin in promoting thromboinflammatory responses and discusses insights gained from clinical trials on the effects of various inhibitors of coagulation on thromboinflammatory disorders. Studies in sepsis patients have been particularly informative because, despite using anticoagulant approaches with different pharmacological profiles, which act at distinct points in the coagulation cascade, bleeding complications continue to undermine clinical benefit. Future advances may require the development of therapeutics with primary anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, which have less impact on hemostasis. This may be possible with the growing recognition that components of blood coagulation and platelets have prothrombotic and proinflammatory functions independent of their hemostatic effects.
Local deformation and stiffness distribution in fly wings
Authors: Wehmann Henja-Niniane , Heepe Lars , Gorb Stanislav N. , Engels Thomas , Lehmann Fritz-Olaf
Published: January 2019

Mechanical properties of insect wings are essential for insect flight aerodynamics. During wing flapping, wings may undergo tremendous deformations, depending on the wings’ spatial stiffness distribution. We here show an experimental evaluation of wing stiffness in three species of flies using a micro-force probe and an imaging method for wing surface reconstruction. Vertical deflection in response to point loads at 11 characteristic points on the wing surface reveals that average spring stiffness of bending lines between wing hinge and point loads varies ∼77-fold in small fruit flies and up to ∼28-fold in large blowflies. The latter result suggests that local wing deformation depends to a considerable degree on how inertial and aerodynamic forces are distributed on the wing surface during wing flapping. Stiffness increases with an increasing body mass, amounting to ∼0.6 Nm−1 in fruit flies, ∼0.7 Nm−1 in house flies and ∼2.6 Nm−1 in blowflies for bending lines, running from the wing base to areas near the center of aerodynamic pressure. Wings of house flies have a ∼1.4-fold anisotropy in mean stiffness for ventral versus dorsal loading, while anisotropy is absent in fruit flies and blowflies. We present two numerical methods for calculation of local surface deformation based on surface symmetry and wing curvature. These data demonstrate spatial deformation patterns under load and highlight how veins subdivide wings into functional areas. Our results on wings of living animals differ from previous experiments on detached, desiccated wings and help to construct more realistic mechanical models for testing the aerodynamic consequences of specific wing deformations.
Control of Hox transcription factor concentration and cell-to-cell variability by an auto-regulatory switch
Authors: Papadopoulos Dimitrios K. , Skouloudaki Kassiani , Engström Ylva , Terenius Lars , Rigler Rudolf , Zechner Christoph , Vukojević Vladana , Tomancak Pavel
Published: January 2019

The variability in transcription factor concentration among cells is an important developmental determinant, yet how variability is controlled remains poorly understood. Studies of variability have focused predominantly on monitoring mRNA production noise. Little information exists about transcription factor protein variability, as this requires the use of quantitative methods with single-molecule sensitivity. Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS), we have characterized the concentration and variability of 14 endogenously tagged TFs in live Drosophila imaginal discs. For the Hox TF Antennapedia, we investigated whether protein variability results from random stochastic events or is developmentally regulated. We found that Antennapedia transitioned from low concentration/high variability early, to high concentration/low variability later, in development. FCS and temporally resolved genetic studies uncovered that Antennapedia itself is necessary and sufficient to drive a developmental regulatory switch from auto-activation to auto-repression, thereby reducing variability. This switch is controlled by progressive changes in relative concentrations of preferentially activating and repressing Antennapedia isoforms, which bind chromatin with different affinities. Mathematical modeling demonstrated that the experimentally supported auto-regulatory circuit can explain the increase of Antennapedia concentration and suppression of variability over time.
Transcriptional control of morphological properties of direction-selective T4/T5 neurons inDrosophila
Authors: Schilling Tabea , Ali Aicha H. , Leonhardt Aljoscha , Borst Alexander , Pujol-Martí Jesús
Published: January 2019

In the Drosophila visual system, T4/T5 neurons represent the first stage in which the direction of visual motion is computed. T4 and T5 neurons exist in four subtypes, each responding to motion in one of the four cardinal directions and projecting axons into one of the four lobula plate layers. However, all T4/T5 neurons share properties essential for sensing motion. How T4/T5 neurons acquire their properties during development is poorly understood. We reveal that SoxN and Sox102F transcription factors control the acquisition of properties common to all T4/T5 neuron subtypes, i.e. the layer specificity of dendrites and axons. Accordingly, adult flies are motion blind after disrupting SoxN or Sox102F in maturing T4/T5 neurons. We further find that the transcription factors Ato and Dac are redundantly required in T4/T5 neuron progenitors for SoxN and Sox102F expression in T4/T5 neurons, linking the transcriptional programs specifying progenitor identity to those regulating the acquisition of morphological properties in neurons. Our work will help to link structure, function and development in a neuronal type performing a computation conserved across vertebrate and invertebrate visual systems.
Hepatitis C elimination: challenges with under-diagnosis and under-treatment
Authors: Terrault Norah A
Published: January 2019

Hepatitis C infection has affected 189 million people globally and more than 4 million in the US. Owing to remarkable advances in the therapeutic sphere, essentially all infected patients can be expected to achieve cure. This provides an unprecedented opportunity to eliminate the risk of complications from hepatitis C and to reduce the spread of the virus to others. To achieve this, a streamlined cascade of care from diagnosis to treatment may be enacted. Although great strides have been made, under-diagnosis and under-treatment remain major hurdles.
Case Report: Rare presentation of adult intussusception at Orotta National Referral Hospital, Eritrea
Authors: Iyassu Senay , Abraha Million
Published: January 2019

A 38-year-old woman presented at Orotta National Referral Hospital emergency department in May 2017 with pain in the epigastric region and vomiting. Physical examination revealed no pertinent findings. Blood and urine tests were normal, and erect abdominal x-ray revealed a distended small intestine with multiple layers of “air-fluid levels”. CT scan and MRI were not done due to their temporary unavailability. During laparotomy a large mass of 20x20 cm in size was detected in the mid-jejunum of the small intestine. This leading tumor caused intussusception and coiling of the small intestine. As there are no typical symptoms of intussusception, it is very important to do CT scan for patients with long-standing abdominal pain and vomiting to achieve a definitive diagnosis of intussusception.
Knowledge and factors influencing long acting reversible contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Olagunju Olalekan Seun
Published: January 2019

Background: Over a month when contraception is used, approximately 48% of unintended pregnancies occur as a result of human error, which is largely due to incorrect use, poor adherence and/or technology failure. Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods have been developed to bridge this gap because it’s not dependent on compliance with a pill-taking regimen; remembering to change patch or ring; or fixing an appointment with physicians. The main aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of women associated with use of LARC and also to examine the relationship between knowledge of LARC and its current use.

Methods: This study assessed the PMA2020 secondary dataset using female datasets from PMA 2016 (Round 3) exercise. PMA 2016 was a survey carried out in seven states of Nigeria. The target population for this study was women of reproductive age (15-49 years) currently using any method of contraception prior to the survey. The weighted sample size of women meeting inclusion criteria in this study is 1927. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution, chi-square and logistic regression.

Results: The results showed that 21.0% of women were using traditional methods. Concerning LARC methods, the table showed that 14.8% of the sampled women were using LARC methods. Findings further revealed that at both levels of analysis there is a significant relationship (P<0.05 and P=0.00 for binary and multivariable logistic regression, respectively) between knowledge of LARCs and uses in this study. This means that the use of LARC is being influenced by its knowledge among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.

Conclusions: This study concludes that 14.8% of women using any methods of contraceptive were using LARC. Additionally, after controlling for other confounding factors, level of education, age of women, household wealth and number of living children were significantly associated with using LARC.
O uso de grupos do WhatsApp por comunidades de jogo: impulsionando a comunicação e estreitando laços sociais
Authors: Gomes Batista Micheline Dayse , Barbosa Felix Vilma
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las posibilidades comunicacionales y de sociabilización en comunidades de juegos digitales, que incluyen desde chat rooms en el ambiente del propio juego a grupos en aplicativos de mensajes instantáneos como el WhatsApp. Partimos de un relato etnográfico en el juego Elves vs. Dwarves para demostrar que los grupos de WhatsApp permiten llevar la experiencia del juego más allá del propio juego, ampliando las prácticas cotidianas de los jugadores.
Scheduling Non-Urgent Patient Transportation While Maximizing Emergency Coverage
Authors: den Berg P. L. van , van Essen J. T.
Published: January 2019

Many ambulance providers operate both advanced life support (ALS) and basic life support (BLS) ambulances. Typically, only an ALS ambulance can respond to an emergency call, whereas non-urgent patient transportation requests can be served by either an ALS or a BLS ambulance. The total capacity of BLS ambulances is usually not enough to fulfill all non-urgent transportation requests. The remaining transportation requests then have to be performed by ALS ambulances, which reduces the coverage for emergency calls. We present a model that determines the routes for BLS ambulances while maximizing the remaining coverage by ALS ambulances. Different from the classical dial-a-ride problem, only one patient can be transported at a time, and not all requests are known in advance. Throughout the day, new requests arrive, and we present an online model to deal with these requests.
Branch-and-Cut for the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Bianchessi Nicola , Irnich Stefan
Published: January 2019

The split delivery vehicle routing problem with time windows (SDVRPTW) is a notoriously hard combinatorial optimization problem. First, it is hard to find a useful compact mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation for the SDVRPTW. Standard modeling approaches either suffer from inherent symmetries (mixed-integer programs with a vehicle index) or cannot exactly capture all aspects of feasibility. Because of the possibility to visit customers more than once, the standard mechanisms to propagate load and time along the routes fail. Second, the lack of useful formulations has rendered any direct MIP-based approach impossible. Up to now, the most effective exact algorithms for the SDVRPTW have been branch-and-price-and-cut approaches using path-based formulations. In this paper, we propose a new and tailored branch-and-cut algorithm to solve the SDVRPTW. It is based on a new, relaxed compact model, in which some integer solutions are infeasible for the SDVRPTW. We use known and introduce some new classes of valid inequalities to cut off such infeasible solutions. One new class is path-matching constraints that generalize infeasible-path constraints. However, even with the valid inequalities, some integer solutions to the new compact formulation remain to be tested for feasibility. For a given integer solution, we build a generally sparse subnetwork of the original instance. On this subnetwork, all time-window-feasible routes can be enumerated, and a path-based residual problem then solved to decide on the selection of routes, the delivery quantities, and thereby the overall feasibility. All infeasible solutions need to be cut off. For this reason, we derive some strengthened feasibility cuts exploiting the fact that solutions often decompose into clusters. Computational experiments show that the new approach is able to prove optimality for several previously unsolved instances from the literature.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0825 .
Case study: the signs pain
Authors: Thomson Katy
Published: January 2019

Katy Thomson Intern at the Animal Health Trust relates a very personal story
Be an outstanding practice in 2019
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: January 2019

As we start the new year, have you started to prepare for your next inspection? What should you do to be awarded an outstanding rating? This article reviews the hints and tips highlighted by the Care Quality Commission
A good year
Authors: Moffat Polly
Published: January 2019

With the publication of the long-term plan for the NHS in England, will there be advantages for staff working in general practice in 2019?
Writing democracy: An end of author ‘turn’?: From ‘fake news’ to ‘fake democratization'
Authors: Sadiki Larbi
Published: January 2019

This article problematizes questions of ontology and epistemology in the context of the study of norm-making primarily within academia (with special reference to democratization) and secondarily within media. It showcases this via description of an ongoing QNRF-funded project on democratic learning in seven Muslim countries. Through these examples, it pitches the discussion to elaborate the utility of concepts and ideas drawn from post-structuralism, namely, those having to do with discourse, identity and norms being unstable. It refers to Barthes’s notion of ‘the death of the author’ and Derrida’s ideas about the indeterminacy of linguistic forms, and the chain of signs and signifiers used to record representations and interpretations of shifting realities. This offers a welcome escape from rationalist methods, suggesting that in social constructivism and discourse analysis democratization studies would benefit from a firmer grip on understandings of norm-making via the study of speech acts and discourse. This is presented as a ‘middle ground’ that balances structure and agency with respect to the ‘chain’ of journeys in the travel of democracy.
The Results of Two Conjoined Twin Separations From January to June 2010 : Case Series
Authors: Handayani Siti , Bangun Kristaninta , Rayeni Natasha Ratna
Published: January 2019

Conjoined twins are a rare resulting from late and incomplete division of monozygotic embryonic disk generally after 13th day of fertilization. Most cases of separation are extremely risky and life threatening. We present two successful cases of conjoined twins separations, who were admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, both in early 2010. Lulu-Lala, the abdominophagus conjoined twins and NaylaNabila the Abdominothorakophagus conjoined twins. The successions of this conjoined twins separation depends on the techniques, precautions and the team that works together to treat the patients. One of the separation techniques is the utilization of tissue expander to loosen the skin and so can be close primarily by primary closure. The foremost precaution is the infection control, including preparation and sterilization. Conjoined twins have a particular structural defect. Forty percent of them are stillborn and 35% survive only for one day. The mortality is increased by many causes and the most common cause is infection after surgery. All aspects in the team have to give priority to the sterility to avoid infection of those babies. The efforts to avoid the infections must have been done start from pre-surgery managements until the post-surgery.
Aggresive Mass Excision Through Nasolabial Fold Areain the Treatment of Facial Neurofibromatosis : Case Report
Authors: Handayani Siti , Bangun Kristaninta , Soetjipto Soepodo Fernita Leo
Published: January 2019

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a rare disease which can manifest itself by the development of plexiform neurofibromatosis, with craniofacial deformities. In this paper, we propose special consideration in excision nasolabial fold mass to help lifting procedures in neurofibromatosis patients. We are reporting two case, both presented with von Recklinghausen’s disease, a 21 years old male patient with neurofibromatosis in his right hemifacial for which he had been operated on five times previously at other center, and a 24 years old male with neurofibromatosis in his left hemifacial. After several stages of reconstruction which started with nasolabial fold mass excision, the result was satisfactory, by using the multiple stage repair, it was done until the end result is similar to anatomical form. The mass debulking procedures for these patients, which started with Nasolabial Fold mass excisison are continued with durable lifting procedures. This method gives results a satisfactory lifting procedure.
Problems In Cleft Lip Nose Patients Undergoing Augmentation Rhinoplasty With Rib Graft : A Case Report
Authors: Kusumastuti Nadia , Sudjatmiko Gentur
Published: January 2019

Correction of a cleft lip nasal deformity remains a challenging procedure in reconstructive surgery. Many different procedures have been suggested to address the problem, but few techniques have worked well and consistently. We present a case of secondary cleft nasal deformity after repair of unilateral complete cleft lip and palate on the left side. The corrective procedures carried out included closed method rhinoplasty and dorsal nasal augmentation with rib graft which was fixed to the nasal septum with needle. The patient showed satisfactory immediate post-operative result, with correction of depressed alar base and satisfying dorsal and tip projection. However, 5 months post operative result showed deviation of nasal tip to the cleft side, which we suspected was due to: warping of the rib graft, soft tissue deficiency in the cleft side which exerts pulling forces to the warping graft, and lack of rigid fixation of the graft. After appraising pitfalls encountered in augmenting nasal dorsum of cleft patients with rib graft, we concluded that some preventive measures need to be done to avoid those problems, namely: balanced cross sectional carving of rib graft, cantilever graft with plate and screw to the nasal bone, and addressing pulling force from lack of soft tissue in the cleft side by adding columellar strut graft or alar contour graft.
Recurrent Cranial Bone and Scalp Defect : A Case Report
Authors: Hakim Intan Friscilla , Sudjatmiko Gentur
Published: January 2019

Partial defect of the cranial bone and scalp remains a dificult problem for surgeons. Longterm morbidity is due to dif!culty in finding the right material for closure and the resulting repeated surgery. This paper discusses the effectiveness of honey application as a simple and effective method for scalp defect treatment. One case of a patient with partial and cranium defect was referred to Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital with several prior attempt to close the defect with an acrylic implant. The cultured swab on patient revealed MRSA. Application of honey to the raw surface on the cranial defect shows resulting spontaneous epithelialization without clinical evidence of local infection. The use of honey as a topical treatment for cranial and scalp defect provide a safe and effective alternative method for closing the wound secondarily.
Speech Outcome Evaluation After Two-Flap Palatoplasty In Plastic Surgery Division Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital: A Retrospective study
Authors: Bangun Kristaninta , Handayani Siti , Djoenaedi Intania , Wahyuni Luh Karunia
Published: January 2019

One of the primary goal of cleft palate repair is to provide an intact mechanism for normal speech production. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the two-flap mucoperiosteal palatoplasty procedure on speech outcomes in patients undergoing surgical repair before the age of 2 years. A retrospective analysis study was done on 22 children with complete unilateral cleft palate (with or without cleft lip) who underwent two-flap palatoplasty between year 2002 to 2006 at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Evaluation was performed by a speech pathologist for pattern of articulation, hypernasality, intelligibility, and velopharyngeal competence. Palatoplasty were performed after 2 year-old in 11 patients and before 2 year-old in 11 patients. Speech of the 22 children postpalatoplasty was evaluated perceptually from standardised tape recordings. Velopharyngeal competence in patients who underwent palatoplasty before 2 year-old compared to after 2 year-old were 72.7% good, 18.2% fair and 9.1% poor versus 54,5% good, 9,1% fair and 36,4% poor respectively. Two-flaps mucoperiosteal palatoplasty performed before the age of 2 years old shows better spepolech outcome in all parameters, although the numbers are not statistically significant. Further prospective study with larger sample is needed.
The Rational of Colloid Requirements in Burn Patients : Literature Reviews
Authors: Wardhana Aditya , Septrisya Shiera
Published: January 2019

Backgrounds: For decades, fluid resuscitation in burn patients has been done as a routine process; most clinicians continue to adjust volume requirements using Parkland formula for the initial 24- hour period. In a variety of situations, there is increasing recognition of using significantly greater volumes than anticipated by the Parkland formula; clinicians tend to escalate volume requirements to drive the urine output to the higher end of any desired range. This excessive fluid could result in numerous edema-related complications, which currently coined as “fluid creep” phenomenon. Besides optimizing titration of fluid infusion rate, there have been studies of earlier and more liberal use of colloids, and even the use of hypertonic saline. The overall goal is to reduce the resuscitation volume requirements and subsequently, early edema formation.Conclusion: Current research in fluid resuscitation now concentrates on approaches to minimize fluid creep, including tighter control of fluid infusion rate. The single most important principle in using the Parkland formula, however, is that it should be used only as a guideline. The resuscitation rate and volume must be continually adjusted based on the response of the patient. Studies have been demonstrated to compare the use of crystalloids with early colloid in the first 24 hours post burn. At present, there are still wide variations in the timing of colloid resuscitation. However, use of 5% albumin in the second 24 hours seems to be an acceptable alternative.
Serum IgG, and IgM Levels in Children with Febrile Convulsions
Authors: Deda Gulhis , Karagol Ugur , Gurer Ya Vuz
Published: January 2019

At the Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital Ankara, Turkiye, 20 patients, twelve being between 6 months-2 year old and eight being between 2-4 years, with their first febrile convulsions (FC) were examined for serum IgG, IgA, IgM levels during the period of March 1989-]uly 1989. Twenty healthy children were used as controls, seven being between 6 months-2 years old and thirteen being between 2-6 years. The serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels of the patients between 6 months-2 years were 805.000 + 307.8984 mg/ dl, 49.7167 + 27.9807 mg/dl and i55.1833 + 62.9696 mg/dl respecttvelly.

The serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels of the patients between 2-4 years were : 989.1250 ± 314.5359 mg/dl, 92.6125 ± 34.5663 mg/dl and 159.8750 ± 45.6647 mg.ldl respectivelly. The mean IgA levels of the 12 FC patients between 6 months-2years were 49.7167 ± 27.9807 mg/dl and the mean level of IgA in the age matched control group was 81.0427± 31.3551 mg/dl and the difference between them was statistically significant (p <0. 005).

We conclude that FC under 2 years of age is associated with low serum IgA levels.
Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis: A Case at the Gunung Wenang Hospital Manado - North Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Salendu S. M. , B. Abdullah
Published: January 2019

On a baby girl of 4 weeks old with the dtagnosts of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, an extremely rare case in our Hospital, surgical operation was done using the Fredet Ramsted method.

The main complaint was frequent vomiting. The diagnosis was based on projectile vomiting, retarded growth, constipation, moderate dehydration and was confirmed by barium meal study.

Ten days after the operation, she was discharged in a good condition.
Evaluation of Cardiac Involvement by Echocardiography in Children with Acute Meningococcemia
Authors: Atalay Semra , Kahraman Hulya , Karademir Saimin , Caglar Musa Kazim
Published: January 2019

Myocarditis in acute meningococcemia is rare in children. Impaired cardiac contractile function may contribute to cardiovascular collapse in endotoxemia. We evaluated prospectively the clinical and echocardiographic findings in 25 consecutive children with acute meningococcemia. All of the patients had good prognostic indicators. Eleven (44%) of the 25 children bad echocardiographic evidence of myocardial dysfunction. The mean LVFS in these eleven children was 0.23 ± 6.00, as compared with the mean LVFS of0.34±8.87 in the remaining children. LVFS returned to normal within 7 days in all patients. We observed minimal pericardia/effusion in 4 patients (16%) that resolved within 3 days. We demonstrated that acute meningococcemia is frequently associated with myocardial dysfunction. We could not though, find the relation between myocardial dysfunction and mortality.
Estimated Birth Weight by current Weight-and Age During the First Five Days of Life
Authors: Wilopo Siswanto Agus , Hakimi Mohammad , Surjono Achmad
Published: January 2019

In the developing countries, measurement of birth weight is subjected to methodological problems. The main issue is the difficulty of measuring birth weight soon after delivery. Two relevant questions are proposed by this study : 1) can a birth weight be estimated several hours or days after a baby was delivered ?, and 2) can an estimated birth weight be collected by paramedical personnel with reliable results?

To answer these questions, we conducted a study at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakana, to evaluate agreement between two paramedical personnel in the routine measurements of neonatal weight in the rooming-in ward. The behavior of these two paramedical personnel was observed from one month when they examined 32 neonates. Both of them weighed the neonate at 7.00 hours and one weighed the neonate at 15.00 or 21.00 hours. The order of the last two measurements was made alternatingly.

This resulted in 156 pairs of measurement for agreement analysis. There was a strong evidence that the two raters have almost perfect agreement on measuring neonatal weights (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.978). The second part of this study looked at neonatal weight during the first five days of life. The neonatal weights were measured three times a day up to age of the days. We constructed a formula for estimating their birth weight based on a current neonatal weight and age in days. Birth weight can be estimated using formula : Birth weight ; 51 + 1. 029 x current weight - 10 x age in days. The data fitted very well to this least square estimate with a coefficient of determination (R) = 0.95.
Antibiotic Therapy for Invasive Bacterial Diarrhea
Authors: Ismail Rudi , Bakri Achiriul , Nazir Mohammad , Haridawati Ryanto
Published: January 2019

To evaluate the effectiveness of the standard practice of antibiotic prescribing in diarrheal diseases (DD) at Palembang General Hospital, we performed this single blind clinical trial. Subjects were children with DD, without E. histolytica.. or G. Iamblia in their stool, 6 to 59 months of age, seen at the OPD from May 20, 1991 until March 31, 1992. Antibiotic treatment (AT) was given to the treated group (n=289), and was withheld from the control group (n=298). The effectiveness of antibiotic treatment was measured by rate of reconsultation, need for subsequent AT, duration of diarrhea, vomiting, and fever as measured by home visitors. The treated group has a significantly shorter duration of diarrhea and a significant difference in the need for additional AT. Subjects whose diarrhea persist more than 7 days were significant statistically only in bloody diarrhea and in subjects whose fecal leukocytes were more than 9 per high power field. Profuse diarrhea and mother's anxiety were the main reasons for further consultation, which were strikingly greater in control than in treated group. Mothers seeked reconsultation 12.5 times more often for bloody diarrhea and 19.5 times for mucoid diarrhea plus fever. This study reconfirmed that AT in DD shortens the duration of diarrhea, diminishes the rate of reconsultation, and need for subsequent antibiotics in bloody and mucoid diarrhea.
Towards exploring adaptive and associatively reactive answer strategies to creativity test queries
Authors: Olteteanu Ana-Maria , Dyer Jonathan
Published: January 2019

This poster presents an initial set of observations on different strategies of solving a creativity test under difficult conditions. Human participants show a propensity to answer with a stronger associate of one or two of the query items, while less frequently responding with a weaker but more inclusive associate of all three. Additionally, solvers sometimes responded with answers that held functional relations to the query item(s), even when instructed to provide a compound solution. These strategies of falling back on semantic or strongly occurring associates are explored, together with some of their implications on the design of adaptive mechanisms for cognitive systems.
Does Soil Testing for Fertiliser Recommendation Fall Short of a Soil Health Card?
Authors: Gupta Raj , Sahoo RN , Abrol Inder
Published: January 2019

Nutrient depletion and imbalanced use of fertiliser nutrients, inappropriate tillage and rain- water management practices often result in land degradation. Declining soil health contributes to climate change through loss in soil productivity, biodiversity, soil carbon, and moisture and ecosystem services. In order to address declining soil health, government of India has launched a soil health card (SHC) scheme aimed at need base use of chemical fertilisers. The paper points out the short-comings in the SHC scheme. Balanced and need base use of chemical fertilizers can be helpful in environmental protection and restoring soil health. The paper identifies potential agronomic practices and production management systems that can reduce our dependence on synthetic nutrients. Integration of soil fertility management domains with computer based QUEFT crop model has the potential of making fertiliser recommendations more domain and crop specific and less cumbersome. For soil health assessment chemical indicators must be integrated with physical and biological properties of the soils which can be predicted through reflectance spectroscopy. For assessing soil health related issues across different agro-ecoregions, there is however an urgent need for building-up more robust soil reflectance libraries.
THE INFLUENCE OF CUTTING CONDITIONS ON THE SELECTED PARAMETERS OF THE SURFACE INTEGRITY
Authors: Čep Robert , Malotová Šárka , Lichovník Jiří , Hatala Michal , Legutko Stanislaw
Published: January 2019

The article deals with an investigation of residual stress in machined surface under conditions of high-feed milling and determination of the influence of machining conditions on the size and types of stress resulting from cutting into the machined surface. As a testing material, the hardened tool steel W. Nr. 1.2343 (CSN 19552) was used. For the realization of the experimental activity, a high-feed milling head was used with exchangeable cutting inserts marked H600 WXCU 070515T. All surfaces were machined under different cutting conditions (200, 300, 350, 400 and 500mmin−1 cutting speed) in regard to the recommended parameters and machine tool options. The evaluated residual stress was measured in the depth of 8 μm under the surface with the device PROTO iXRD working on the principle of the X-Ray diffraction. Monitoring was carried out using an analysis of occurrence of tensile or compressive residual stress, and from these results, a possible dependence of the residual stress on the cutting conditions during milling process was determined.
EVALUATION OF SENSOR SIGNAL PROCESSING METHODS IN TERMS OF INFORMATION THEORY
Authors: Flegner Patrik , Kačur Ján
Published: January 2019

The paper deals with the examination of basic methods of evaluation of sensor signals in terms of the information content of the given method and the used technical means. In this respect, methods based on classical analog systems, digital systems in the time domain of signal processing, hybrid systems and digital systems evaluating signal in the frequency domain are compared. A significant increase in entropy in individual systems is demonstrated in the case of a more complex signal evaluation. For each measuring system, the experimental setups, results, and discussions are described in the paper. The issue described in the article is particularly topical in connection with the development of modern technologies used in the processes and subsequent use of information. The main purpose of the article is to show that the information content of the signal is increased because the signal is more complexly processed.
ULTRA-HIGH-PERFORMANCE FIBRE-REINFORCED CONCRETE UNDER HIGH-VELOCITY PROJECTILE IMPACT - PART 2. APPLICABILITY OF PREDICTION MODELS
Authors: Kravanja Sebastjan , Sovják Radoslav
Published: January 2019

Semi-infinite targets of Ultra-High-Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete with various fibre volume fractions were subjected to the high-velocity projectile impact using in-service bullets. In this study, a variety of empirical and semi-analytical models for prediction of the depth of penetration and mass ejection were evaluated with respect to the experimental results. Models for the depth of penetration and spalling mass ejection were revisited and applied both with deformable and nondeformable projectiles parameters. The applicability of the prediction models was assessed through a statistical comparison of values from models with experimental results. The evaluation of the applicability was made through the newly proposed measure of a relative prediction accuracy for model selection and model estimation, which was verified with established statistical accuracy evaluations, such as accuracy ratio, logarithmic standard deviation and correlation coefficient. The best fit to the experimental readings was provided by newer semi-analytical models, which are incorporating additional concrete parameters beside compressive strength while the majority of older models failed to provide sufficient accuracy.
THE INFLUENCE OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIS ON THEIR PROPERTIES
Authors: Mražíková Anna , Velgosová Oksana , Kavuličová Jana , Krum Stanislav , Málek Jaroslav
Published: January 2019

Application of green methods to replace physical and chemical methods for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become necessary not only from economic aspect but especially due to its significant impact on ecosystem. The properties of biologically synthesized AgNPs using green algae Parachlorella kessleri (P. kessleri) and chemically prepared were investigated and compared. The UVvis analysis confirmed a high stability of biosynthesized AgNPs as well as chemically synthesized gelatin modified citrate-AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed different sizes and shapes of AgNPs synthesized in different ways. Biosynthesized AgNPs have similar inhibitory antimicrobial activity as gelatin/sodium citrate–AgNPs.
LEAD-TIME, INVENTORY, AND SAFETY STOCK CALCULATION IN JOB-SHOP MANUFACTURING
Authors: Sellitto Miguel Afonso
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this article is to present a method for calculating the lead-time, the inventory, and the safety stock or buffer in job shop manufacturing, which are essentially stochastic variables. The research method is quantitative modelling. The theoretical foundation of the method relies on the techniques belonging to the WLC (workload control) body of knowledge on the manufacturing management. The study includes an application of the method in a manufacturing plant of the furniture industry, whose operation strategy requires high dependability. The company operates in a supply chain and must have high a reliability in deliveries. Adequate safety stocks, lead times, and inventory levels provide the protection against the lack of reliability in the deliveries. The inventory should remain within a certain range, being as small as possible to maintain low lead times, but not too small that it could provoke a starvation, configuring an optimization problem. The study offers guidelines for a complete application in industries. Further research shall include the influence of the variability of the lot size in the stochastic variables.
Entre risas y llanto se aprende a vivir
Authors: Fernández Mojica Nohemí , Barrabas Alarcón María Esther
Published: January 2019

Para Papalia, Feldman y Martorell el desarrollo humano se da en ocho etapas. ¿Qué han vivido los estudiantes universitarios? El objetivo conocer los eventos que han vivido. La orientación metodológica es cuanlitativa y Estudio de caso cualitativo. Técnica: autobiografía. La población fue 21 estudiantes de la Facultad de Pedagogía de la Universidad Veracruzan que reconocen que lo vivido les ha servido de aprendizaje, las adversidades los han hecho fuertes, son capaces de enfrentar los retos de la vida, han aprendido a valorar a las personas, tienen: el deseo de formar una familia, la convicción que van a lograr la meta en su vida, se sienten contentos de estudiar y descubrieron que servir a los demás los llena de felicidad.
Therapeutic advances in hormone-dependent cancers: focus on prostate, breast and ovarian cancers
Authors: Ulm Michael , Ramesh Arvind V , McNamara Keely M , Ponnusamy Suriyan , Sasano Hironobu , Narayanan Ramesh
Published: January 2019

Hormonal cancers affect over 400,000 men and women and contribute collectively to over 100,000 deaths in the United States alone. Thanks to advances in the understanding of these cancers at the molecular level and to the discovery of several disease-modifying therapeutics, the last decade has seen a plateauing or even a decreasing trend in the number of deaths from these cancers. These advanced therapeutics not only effectively slow the growth of hormonal cancers, but also provide an insight on how these cancers become refractory and evolve as an altogether distinct subset. This review summarizes the current therapeutic trends in hormonal cancers, with focus on prostate, breast and ovarian cancers. The review discusses the clinical drugs being used now, promising molecules that are going through various stages of development and makes some predictions on how the therapeutic landscape will shift in the next decade.
Circulating miR-103a-3p and miR-660-5p are associated with bone parameters in patients with controlled acromegaly
Authors: Valassi Elena , García-Giralt Natalia , Malouf Jorge , Crespo Iris , Llauger Jaume , Díez-Pérez Adolfo , Webb Susan M
Published: January 2019

Background

Biochemical control of GH/IGF-I excess in acromegaly (ACRO) is associated with persistent impairment of trabecular microstructure leading to increased risk of vertebral fractures. Circulating miRNAs modulate the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and may be potential biomarkers of osteoporosis.

Aims

Identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the serum of patients with controlled ACRO vs controls and correlate miRNA levels with both biochemical and structural bone parameters.

Patients and methods

Twenty-seven patients with controlled ACRO (11 males, 16 females; mean age, 48 ± 5 years; BMI, 28 ± 4 kg/m2) and 27 age-, gender- and BMI-matched controls were recruited. Areal BMD at lumbar spine and femur, and trabecular bone score were assessed; volumetric BMD was measured by quantitative computed tomography QCT-Pro (Mindways). Twenty miRNAs, chosen by their putative role in bone, were quantified in serum using real-time qPCR.

Results

In ACRO patients, miR-103a-3p and miR-191-5p were found overexpressed, whereas miR-660-5p was underexpressed (P < 0.001). miR-103a-3p levels were negatively associated with both trabecular vBMD at trochanter and serum osteoprotegerin concentrations (P < 0.05) and positively with vitamin D concentrations (P < 0.01) and total cross-sectional area of the femoral neck (P < 0.05). miR-660-5p levels were correlated with both trabecular vBMD at trochanter and OPG concentrations (P < 0.05), but were negatively associated with vitamin D levels (P < 0.05). A negative correlation between miR-103-a-3p and miR-660-5p was found in both groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Circulating miR-103a-3p and miR-660-5p are differentially expressed in controlled ACRO patients and associated with bone structural parameters. miRNAs may be one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of bone disease and could be used as biomarkers in ACRO patients.
Effects of Jaeumkanghwa-tang on tamoxifen responsiveness in preclinical ER+ breast cancer model
Authors: De Oliveira Andrade Fabia , Yu Wei , Zhang Xiyuan , Carney Elissa , Hu Rong , Clarke Robert , FitzGerald Kevin , Hilakivi-Clarke Leena
Published: January 2019

Resistance to endocrine therapy remains a clinical challenge in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. We investigated if adding a traditional Asian herbal mixture consisting of 12 herbs, called Jaeumkanghwa-tang (JEKHT), to tamoxifen (TAM) therapy might prevent resistance and recurrence in the ER+ breast cancer model of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-exposed Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were divided into four groups treated as follows: 15 mg/kg TAM administered via diet as TAM citrate (TAM only); 500 mg/kg JEKHT administered via drinking water (JEKHT only group); TAM + JEKHT and no treatment control group. The study was replicated using two different batches of JEKHT. In both studies, a significantly higher proportion of ER+ mammary tumors responded to TAM if animals also were treated with JEKHT (experiment 1: 47% vs 65%,P = 0.015; experiment 2: 43% vs 77%,P < 0.001). The risk of local recurrence also was reduced (31% vs 12%,P = 0.002). JEKHT alone was mostly ineffective. In addition, JEKHT prevented the development of premalignant endometrial lesions in TAM-treated rats (20% in TAM only vs 0% in TAM + JEKHT). Co-treatment of antiestrogen-resistant LCC9 human breast cancer cells with 1.6 mg/mL JEKHT reversed their TAM resistance in dose–response studiesin vitro. Several traditional herbal medicine preparations can exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and may increase anti-tumor immune activities in the tumor microenvironment. In the tumors of rats treated with both JEKHT and TAM, expression ofIl-6(P = 0.03),Foxp3/T regulatory cell (Treg) marker (P = 0.033) andTgfβ1that activates Tregs (P < 0.001) were significantly downregulated compared with TAM only group. These findings indicate that JEKHT may prevent TAM-induced evasion of tumor immune responses.
Prolactin modulates TNBC aggressive phenotype limiting tumorigenesis
Authors: López-Ozuna Vanessa M , Hachim Ibrahim Y , Hachim Mahmood Y , Lebrun Jean-Jacques , Ali Suhad
Published: January 2019

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for ~20% of all breast cancer cases. The management of TNBC represents a challenge due to its aggressive phenotype, heterogeneity and lack of targeted therapy. Loss of cell differentiation and enrichment with breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSC) are features of TNBC contributing to its aggressive nature. Here, we found that treatment of TNBC cells with PRL significantly depletes the highly tumorigenic BCSC subpopulations CD44+/CD24−and ALDH+and differentiates them to the least tumorigenic CD44−/CD24−and ALDH−phenotype with limited tumorsphere formation and self-renewal capacities. Importantly, we found PRL to induce a heterochromatin phenotype marked by histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and accompanied by ultra-structural cellular architecture associated with differentiation and senescence rendering the cells refractory to growth signals. Crucially, we found PRL to mediate these effectsin vivoin a pre-clinical animal xenograft of TNBC controlling tumor growth. These results reveal that the lactogenic hormone PRL may exert its anti-tumorigenic effects on TNBC through cellular reprogramming indicative of differentiation resulting in the depletion of BCSCs and restricting tumorigenesis.
Організація корекційної роботи в закладі дошкільної освіти з дітьми групи ризику
Authors: Lysenko Oleksandra , Trynchii Vitaliia
Published: January 2019

Статтю призначено вивченню організації корекційної роботи, які надають в групах ризику з дітьми в ЗДО. Здійснено ґрунтовний аналіз мовленнєвого розвитку дітей 3 року життя та проаналізовано результати.