bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution and management of humid landscapes in northern Dauphiné (Rhone valley, France): Contribution of charcoal and wood studies
Authors: Delhon Claire , Bernigaud Nicolas , Berger Jean-François , Salvador Pierre-Gil , Thiébault Stéphanie , Ploton Maheul
Published: July 2013

Using various archaeological and geoarchaeological operations, charcoal and waterlogged wood assemblages have been sampled in the marshy areas from the lower Dauphiné (Rhone valley, France). Their identification allows reconstructing the evolution of the woody vegetation in relation to climatohydrological changes and with human practices in the plain since the mid Holocene. It appears that humid-land forests have experienced a shift from ash formations (dominating during Pre- and Protohistory) toward alder formations between the Bronze Age and Roman Period. That vegetation change seems to be linked with pastoral practices in which fire is used as a clearing and regeneration tool. The intense pastoral use of the plain, together with the humidity of the soils when not artificially drained, may also have prevented the development of dense and mature forests. Finally, we show that beech, which is currently absent from the plain, probably grew in the marshlands during the past.
Benjamin Waterhouse (1754–1846) and the riddle of Amos Babcock
Authors: Agnew Robin
Published: July 2013

The late Dr Henry R Viets (1890–1969) suggested in 1940 that the author of A Journal of a Young Man of Massachusetts was Amos G Babcock. He also showed that Benjamin Waterhouse edited the manuscript. A similar journal, The Prisoner’s Memoirs of Dartmoor Prison by Charles Andrews, is also described and contrasted. The career of Professor Waterhouse is narrated in relation to the medical politics at that time in New England: a possible explanation for Babcock’s anonymous authorship is given.
Effectiveness of screening for amblyopia and other eye disorders in a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: de Koning Harry J. , Groenewoud Johanna H. , Lantau V. Kathleen , Tjiam A.M. , Hoogeveen W. Christina , de Faber Jan Tjeerd H.N. , Juttmann Rikard E. , Simonsz Huibert J.
Published: July 2013

Objective

To establish whether the current vision screening practice in the Netherlands is effective in preventing permanent visual loss and to estimate the sensitivity of the programme.

Settings

In the Netherlands, all children are invited for preverbal (1, 3, 6–9 and 14–24 months) and preschool (36, 45, and 60–72 months) vision screening. Screening attendance is high, but the effectiveness in reducing amblyopia is unknown.

Methods

In a 7-year cohort study, 4624 children born in the city of Rotterdam between 16 September 1996 and 15 May 1997 were followed through all routine vision screening examinations. At age seven, visual acuity (VA) of children still living in Rotterdam was assessed by study orthoptists. In case of VA > 0.1 logMAR in one or both eyes, two or more logMAR lines of interocular difference or eye disorders like strabismus, children underwent a more intensive eye examination.

Results

Attendance at the 9-month screening was 89%, decreasing to about 75% at later examinations. Of preverbal tests, 2.5% were positive, and of preschool tests, 10%. In total, 19% of children had a positive vision screening test at least once. Amblyopia prevalence was 3.4%. Sensitivity of the vision screening programme was 73% and specificity 83%. At age seven, 0.7–1.2% (confirmed vs final exam) of the children had a VA > 0.3 logMAR in the worse eye compared with 2–3.9% (in literature) reported prevalence in non-screening situations. Children who were less frequently screened had a higher chance of poor vision (>0.3 logMAR) at age seven.

Conclusion

The Dutch child vision screening programme may reduce the risk of persistent amblyopia (VA > 0.3 logMAR) at age seven by more than half.
Optimisation of prescription in patients with long-term treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Maiocchi Licia , Bernardi Elsa
Published: July 2013

Objective:

The aim of this clinical review was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the practice of antipsychotic poly-pharmacy (AP) in the long-term management of hospitalised patients with insufficient response to antipsychotic monotherapy.

Method:

The databases Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and Scopus were searched. Studies were required to include inpatients with long-term, treatment-resistant schizophrenia on maintenance AP. The search was restricted to systematic review studies.

Results:

The review yielded four studies of interest that showed no categorical advantage for maintenance AP for the population of interest. However, clozapine combination faired marginally well. Particular weaknesses of the present literature are low number of participants, and inadequate monitoring of potential adverse effects. The evidence on the risks and benefits of maintenance AP is not generally considered adequate to warrant a recommendation for its use in routine clinical practice in psychiatry.

Conclusions:

This review provides a synthesis of the evidence on the maintenance use of AP for hospitalised patients with long-term, treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The results show both no support for AP with some marginal benefit for clozapine combination therapy, and methodological weaknesses of the included studies. These findings have clinical implications for treatment decisions and suggest that sufficiently powered studies are needed.
The role of trainees as clinical teachers of medical students in psychiatry
Authors: Hickie Catherine , Nash Louise , Kelly Brian
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To consider the role of specialty trainees as clinical teachers of medical students in psychiatry.

Method:

We discuss the role of specialty trainees as teachers and approaches to improving their skills and capacity, giving examples from the local and international literature and our own experience as psychiatry medical educators.

Results:

Good clinical teaching is crucial for medical students’ learning but sharp increases in numbers combined with economic and workforce pressures have stretched capacity. Specialty trainees do much of the medical student teaching during their clinical placements but infrequently receive instruction on how to teach. The two common approaches to increasing capacity are, first, establishing education rotations for individual trainees and, second, providing workshops to improve trainees’ confidence and skill. Psychiatry trainees surveyed in New South Wales welcomed the role of teacher and the opportunity to improve their teaching capacity. Further support from supervisors, health services and medical schools is needed to assist trainees in their teaching role.

Conclusion:

The role that trainees play as clinical teachers should be acknowledged and supported. Further development of research and scholarship in medical education is needed to determine how best to teach trainees to teach.
Public School Early Childhood Music Education
Authors: May Brittany Nixon
Published: July 2013

With the increase of preK programs in public schools, music educators are increasingly more involved in teaching 3- and 4-year-old students. Many music educators find this difficult, as teaching young children requires different—and often unfamiliar—training and experience in child development and appropriate early childhood methodologies. This article will examine fundamental challenges that public school music educators encounter regarding their work within prekindergarten programs, and offer suggestions for alleviating these challenges in order to develop successful early childhood music programs.
The Diversification of Music Teacher Education
Authors: Howard Karen , Swanson Matt , Campbell Patricia Shehan
Published: July 2013

Music teacher education has been evolving in response to increasing cultural diversity of American society. This has been guided by the multicultural education movement that challenges preparation programs and teachers to consider revisions in pedagogy. This essay presents a historical, societal, and pedagogical framework for the multicultural developments in music teacher education, and offers six cases to illuminate the nature of pedagogical shifts that are taking place. The cases detail innovations in a range of settings, from music teacher education programs to the music classrooms. These accounts point to the importance of extended encounters with diverse cultures. Such experiences provide opportunities to confront musical assumptions and expand teaching beyond the limits of the traditional Eurocentric paradigm. The programs resulting from these experiences offer possibilities for music teacher education as it evolves by highlighting specific processes through which the field can continue to adapt to a culturally diverse American society.
Diversity Strategies and Business Logic
Authors: Ortlieb Renate , Sieben Barbara
Published: July 2013

Firms have many reasons to employ ethnic minorities or refrain from employing them. Management scholars focusing on workplace diversity have made several attempts to describe these reasons, but a theoretically grounded framework is still missing. This article outlines a novel approach to this topic based on resource dependence theory. We propose a typology of diversity strategies defined by the kind of critical resources that ethnic minorities provide to organizations. Focusing on business logic, the typology offers many applications for future research on antecedents and consequences of the strategies, a diverse competence pool, and power relations. We suggest resource dependence theory as a fruitful explanatory approach to diversity and describe practical implications for different actors.
Moral Orientation and Relationships in School and Adolescent Pro- and Antisocial Behaviors
Authors: Wissink Inge B. , Deković Maja , Stams Geert-Jan , Asscher Jessica J. , Rutten Esther , Zijlstra Bonne J. H.
Published: July 2013

This multilevel study examined the relationships between moral climate factors and prosocial as well as antisocial behaviors inside and outside the school (school misconduct, delinquent behavior, and vandalism). The moral climate factors were punishment- and victim-based moral orientation, relationships among students, and teacher–student relationships. The analyses of data from 670 students in 69 classes showed that the classroom-level variables only had a significant impact on misconduct at school of students aged 12 to 20. For the other outcome variables, the student-level variables (student and teacher–student relationships, but especially students’ moral orientation) were significant. A novel finding was that a positive teacher–student relationship not only proved to be related to less misconduct inside the school but also to less delinquent behavior and vandalism outside the school. This indicates that the teacher is an important socializing agent for adolescent behavior in general.
Role of Protein Kinase C in Ischemic “Conditioning”
Authors: Simkhovich Boris Z. , Przyklenk Karin , Kloner Robert A.
Published: July 2013

Since the discovery of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) 26 years ago, numerous studies attempted to determine the mechanism of this powerful form of cardioprotection. One of the first proposed pathways of IPC suggested that the preconditioning stimulus activated phospholipase C via G-protein, and diacylglycerol released from phospholipid moieties activated protein kinase C (PKC) by translocating it from the cytosol to the sarcolemmal membranes. The major protective isoform of PKC was found to be the PKC-∊. Despite some contradictions and controversies, today even the most skeptical opponents acknowledge that PKC plays a significant role in the mechanism of IPC. During recent years, both the role and the place of PKC-∊ in the mechanism of IPC have been revised. The current review presents the evolution of the “PKC theory” and summarizes the most recent data regarding the role of PKC in IPC. In addition to classical IPC, PKC appears to play a role in the mechanisms of newer conditioning protocols, that is, remote IPC and ischemic postconditioning.
Experiences in a Family With the Upshaw-Schulman Syndrome Over a 44-Year Period
Authors: Bennett Michael , Chubar Yevgeni , Gavish Israel , Aviv Ariel , Stemer Galia , Chap-Marshak Dafna
Published: July 2013

A family with a novel c.717_del frameshift and a c.3655C > T missense mutation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombo spondin type I motif, member 13 protein (ADAMTS13) is described. Family members have been under observation for 44 years. Two double heterozygotes have severe early-onset Upshaw-Schulman syndrome and require prophylactic plasma infusions. Analysis reveals that 2 weekly plasma infusions are not sufficient in preventing laboratory evidence of a thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) attack. Both the double heterozygotes also have a heterozygous factor V Leiden G1291A mutation. One underwent splenectomy, which did not reduce the frequency of TTP episodes but resulted in a recurrent pulmonary embolism and has necessitated lifelong anticoagulant therapy. The other has mild chronic renal failure and has had episodes of atrial fibrillation and cerebral infarction. Of the 3 heterozygotes in the family, 1 has had episodes of mild thrombocytopenia.
Nonlinear stochastic optimal control of viscoelastic systems
Authors: Xiong Hao , Zhu Weiqiu
Published: July 2013

A nonlinear stochastic optimal control strategy for single degree-of-freedom viscoelastic systems with strongly nonlinear stiffness under Gaussian white noise excitation is proposed. First, the viscoelastic system is converted into an equivalent nonlinear non-viscoelastic system by replacing the viscoelastic force with amplitude-dependent stiffness and damping. Second, the partially averaged Itô stochastic differential equation for total system energy as one-dimensional controlled diffusion process is derived by using the stochastic averaging method of energy envelope. For the semi-infinite time-interval ergodic control, the dynamical programming equation is established based on the dynamical programming principle and is solved to yield the optimal control force. Finally, the variances of the responses of controlled and uncontrolled systems and that of the optimal control force are predicted analytically. Numerical results show that the proposed control strategy is very effective and efficient.
Vibration analysis of a Timoshenko beam on a moving base
Authors: Vakil M , Sharbati E , Vakil A , Heidari F , Fotouhi R
Published: July 2013

In this paper free vibration of a Timoshenko beam with a tip payload, which is mounted on a cart (referred to as TBC) is studied. The cart (base) can only have lateral displacement and the tip payload has both mass and mass moment of inertia. The center of mass of the payload does not coincide with the point where the beam connects to the payload. Therefore, the tip of the beam is exposed to an extra bending moment due to the inertial force of the payload.

By employing Hamilton’s principle, the governing equations of motion and the associated boundary conditions for the TBC are first derived and then transferred into dimensionless forms. By using these governing equations and their associated boundary conditions, the closed-form frequency equation (characteristic equation) of the TBC is derived. This closed-form frequency equation is validated both analytically and numerically. The closed-form expressions for the mode shapes of the TBC and their orthogonality are also presented.

By using the closed-form characteristic equation, a sensitivity study is performed and the changes in the natural frequencies versus changes in the physical parameters are investigated.

The results presented in this paper are valuable for precise dynamic modeling and model-based control of flexible mobile manipulators; a flexible mobile manipulator is a flexible link manipulator with a moving base.
Horizontal pseudo-dynamic experimental study on long-span reticulated structures with multi-dimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation devices
Authors: Xu Zhao-Dong , Shi Chun-Fang , Guo Yi-Feng
Published: July 2013

A multi-dimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation device for long-span reticulated structures is a type of newly invented passive control device. In order to acquire the earthquake isolation and mitigation effect of the new devices on long-span reticulated structures under horizontal excitations, the pseudo-dynamic tests for a 1:3 modeled long-span reticulated structure with a size of 3 m × 3 m with and without the devices are carried out. Horizontal dynamic responses of the structure with and without the devices are compared, and the earthquake isolation and mitigation effect of the devices is evaluated under the horizontal excitations. It can be shown from the experimental and finite element numerical results that the proposed new devices have a good effect on earthquake isolation and mitigation on long-span reticulated structures under horizontal earthquake excitations.
Analysis, simulation and impedance operator of a nonlocal model of porous medium for acoustic control
Authors: Montseny Emmanuel , Casenave Céline
Published: July 2013

The problem under consideration relates to a model of a porous wall devoted to aircraft motor noise reduction. For such a medium, the parameters of the propagation equation depend on the frequency. Then, the corresponding time model involves nonrational convolution operators, which make the model complex from both the analysis and the simulation points of view. In this paper, based on the so-called diffusive representation of convolution operators, a time-local formulation of the porous wall model, well adapted to analysis and numerical simulation, is established and analyzed. Then its associated impedance operator is computed. Finally some numerical results relating to the simulation of the porous wall and to the one of its impedance operator are given to highlight the theoretical part.
Teaching the Unteachable
Authors: Waite Duncan
Published: July 2013

In this essay I broach some of the issues surrounding the teaching of qualitative research methods, not in an effort to necessarily resolve them, but so that we might wrestle with them. Some of the issues concerning the teaching (and learning) of qualitative research include, but are not limited to: the schooling trends of pedagogicization; the politics—global, national, regional, and local—affecting teaching; interpersonal and intrapersonal structures, processes, and relations; the status and hierarchies of knowledge and of curricular subjects; the status accorded research in general and qualitative research in particular; the individual qualities of the instructor and his/her pedagogy; and the nature of the various environments within which teaching occurs. Fieldwork, thinking, and writing—as constitutive elements of qualitative research, are considered in light of the issues raised.
From Certification to Supply Chain Strategy
Authors: Forrer John , Mo Karen
Published: July 2013

Created as a market-based instrument to deter tropical deforestation, the certification program of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) has experienced tremendous growth over the past two decades. We argue that using a comprehensive conceptual framework is needed to assess the successes and limitations of FSC certification. We introduce a supply chain strategy framework to address three questions: (a) What are the requisite supply chain conditions for certification programs to be successful? (b) How well does the tropical timber sector meet these conditions? (c) What actions could make FSC certification efforts more effective? We conclude that some conditions necessary for a successful supply chain strategy are not found in the tropical timber industry. As a result, FSC certification faces severe limitations as a governance tool for tropical forest conservation. We suggest that a collaborative approach to creating markets for certified timber will improve FSC certificate program effectiveness.
Case series of feline panleukopenia virus in an animal shelter
Authors: Litster Annette , Benjanirut Chutamas
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to describe a series of confirmed and suspected cases of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and in-contact cats in an adoption-guarantee shelter in an FPV-endemic area by reviewing shelter records over a 10-month period (January–October 2010). Cats were divided into three groups: in-contact group – asymptomatic cats that were housed with a FPV fecal antigen (Ag)-positive cat/kitten as part of a litter group (n = 66); FPV-survivors group (FPV-infected survivors) – tested FPV fecal Ag-positive and showed clinical signs of FPV, but survived (n = 27); FPV-non-survivors group (FPV-infected non-survivors) – showed clinical signs of FPV and either tested FPV fecal Ag-positive or were housed with an Ag-positive family member, but did not survive (n = 52). Ages ranged from 3 weeks to 3 years, but most were <6 months old (in-contact group: 79%; FPV-survivors group: 70%; FPV-non-survivors group: 85%). A seasonal peak occurred over summer, but cases occurred year-round. Anorexia, dehydration, fever and diarrhea predominated in the FPV-survivors group, and death was preceded by clinical signs of circulatory shock in the FPV-non-survivors group. Housing litters of kittens with their mother was not associated with improved outcome, perhaps because in this population clinical FPV infection was relatively common in queens arriving at the shelter with susceptible litters.
Validity of a Portable Glucose, Total Cholesterol, and Triglycerides Multi-Analyzer in Adults
Authors: Coqueiro Raildo da Silva , Santos Mateus Carmo , Neto João de Souza Leal , Queiroz Bruno Morbeck de , Brügger Nelson Augusto Jardim , Barbosa Aline Rodrigues
Published: July 2013

This study investigated the accuracy and precision of the Accutrend Plus system to determine blood glucose, total cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides in adults and evaluated its efficiency in measuring these blood variables. The sample consisted of 53 subjects (≥ 18 years). For blood variable laboratory determination, venous blood samples were collected and processed in a Labmax 240 analyzer. To measure blood variables with the Accutrend Plus system, samples of capillary blood were collected. In the analysis, the following tests were included: Wilcoxon and Student's t-tests for paired samples, Lin's concordance coefficient, Bland-Altman method, receiver operating characteristic curve, McNemar test, and k statistics. The results show that the Accutrend Plus system provided significantly higher values (p ≤ .05) of glucose and triglycerides but not of total cholesterol (p > .05) as compared to the values determined in the laboratory. However, the system showed good reproducibility (Lin's coefficient: glucose = .958, triglycerides = .992, total cholesterol = .940) and high concordance with the laboratory method (Lin's coefficient: glucose = .952, triglycerides = .990, total cholesterol = .944) and high sensitivity (glucose = 80.0%, triglycerides = 90.5%, total cholesterol = 84.4%) and specificity (glucose = 100.0%, triglycerides = 96.9%, total cholesterol = 95.2%) in the discrimination of high values of the three blood variables analyzed. It could be concluded that despite the tendency to overestimate glucose and triglyceride levels, a portable multi-analyzer is a valid alternative for the monitoring of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk factors.
Engaging with an emergent metanarrative: A critical exploration of the BOP proposition
Authors: Chatterjee Suparna
Published: July 2013

Recently, market-based strategies for poverty alleviation have emerged central to discourses on global poverty. One of the main proponents of market oriented strategy for poverty eradication was C. K. Prahalad whose publication Fortunes at the Bottom of the Pyramid paved the way for future work on business and poverty. It is curious that despite widespread discussions on the validity and relevance of the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) proposition by supporters and critics, there has been little sustained analysis of the foundational ideas, concepts and themes as outlined in the original BOP proposal. While by no means representative of the entire BOP field, Prahalad’s ideas deserve close attention because they provides the enabling conditions for the emergence of what I identify as the BOP ‘metanarrative’. In this article, I engage critically with Prahalad’s BOP proposition to highlight some of the theoretical and conceptual issues at stake in the BOP arguments. Specifically, I look at how globalization, partnerships, informality and enterprise, among others, are mobilized to accommodate and legitimize market development at the bottom of the pyramid. I conclude the article by emphasizing that the BOP project would be well served if it engaged in critical self-reflection as it may help to orient future iterations of the BOP strategy in ways that are less celebratory and more circumspect about the possibilities and potentials of linking the pursuit of profit with the goals of poverty relief and empowerment.
‘Pop-out footballers’, pop concerts and popular films
Authors: Johnston Keith M
Published: July 2013

Using a case study of the British pay television (TV) service Sky 3D, this article considers the current barriers to mainstream adoption of stereoscopic three-dimensional TV (3D TV). Exploring the history of 3D TV technology and the public discourse around 3D on TV, the article argues that the digital 3D TV aesthetic remains rooted in two-dimensional production models and restrictive genres/formats that stifle 3D storytelling and experimentation. Given these current limitations in broadcast content and the continuing influence of home electronics manufacturers, the article argues that 3D TV will struggle to have more than a fluctuating appeal in the consumer marketplace.
Three-dimensional cinema
Authors: Klinger Barbara
Published: July 2013

Those observing the proliferation of three-dimensional (3D) films in US theaters wonder whether 3D will become ‘the new normal’ – the way that most films are produced and watched. Although skeptics abound, no one can answer this question with certainty now. But, if we consider this phrase from a different angle, it promises a more immediately revealing analysis of contemporary 3D cinema. Despite its appearance of born-again novelty, 3D has quickly established a highly codified stylistic repertoire. This repertoire is evidenced in the relationship that 3D US feature films have to classical Hollywood and contemporary film and image-making strategies. As it achieves its spatial effects, 3D obeys, wrestles with, and amplifies certain standard aspects of storytelling, visual style, and genre. Studying recent movies, including blockbusters, this article argues that 3D’s mixture of media heritages distills a highly conventionalized 3D aesthetic or a new stylistic normal.
Mapping the margins of intersectionality: Criminological possibilities in a transnational world
Authors: Henne Kathryn , Troshynski Emily
Published: July 2013

This article contributes to recent discussions around intersectionality, a framework that captures how two or more axes of subordination overlap in practice, and its utility for criminology. Even though intersectionality offers an analytic through which to account for discursive dimensions of marginalization, feminist criticisms of intersectionality’s proliferation across disciplines suggests that the concept needs to be revisited. After contextualizing intersectionality’s tenets, we trace how feminists have addressed related issues through a transnational lens and then consider how these adaptations can help inform future criminological inquiry. We conclude with the argument that a critical re-reading of intersectionality not only enables a focused critique of mainstream criminology, but also encourages an innovative feminist praxis within the discipline.
Review of direct renin inhibition by aliskiren
Authors: Friedrich Stefanie , Schmieder Roland E.
Published: July 2013

Numerous clinical studies have been conducted to analyse the ability of renin−angiotensin system blockade to lower blood pressure and to reduce end-organ damage. In addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, direct renin inhibitors emerged as an attractive option to inhibit the renin−angiotensin system and thus to prevent cardiovascular damage. Based on the publication of the most recent available results of ALTITUDE and ASTRONAUT, we review the data with respect to the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren given as an antihypertensive drug, in monotherapy and combination therapy, and the most recent publication analysing the effects of aliskiren on end-organ protection.
From evidence to practice: Using the RE-AIM framework to adapt the REACHII caregiver intervention to the community
Authors: Altpeter Mary , Gwyther Lisa P , Kennedy Sarah R , Patterson Taryn R , Derence Karisa
Published: July 2013

This article describes how the multi-step mid-course assessment of the REACH II community translation project in North Carolina was guided by the RE-AIM framework, and summarizes adaptations made to enhance the feasibility of adoption and maintenance while at the same time assuring fidelity to program core elements. The two-stage assessment involved both quantitative (survey) and qualitative (discussion group) components. Results indicated a need to focus primarily on tailoring pre-intervention training, streamlining and clarifying intervention guides and tools, targeting specific participant recruitment messages, addressing issues of session length, and clarifying what flexibilities family consultants could exercise in terms of specific session content addressed and other supportive materials used. The use of the RE-AIM framework and the mixed-method process allowed the program staff to thoroughly assess program satisfaction and areas of concern, and ultimately ensured that the family consultants implementing the intervention had a voice in the adaptation process.
Comparison of iPad applications with traditional activities using person-centred care approach: Impact on well-being for persons with dementia
Authors: Leng Fong Yoke , Yeo Donald , George Stacey , Barr Christopher
Published: July 2013

Professionals working with people with dementia need to develop new activities that occupy patients and increase positive emotions. Dementia care mapping is a reliable method of measuring well-being during activities with people with dementia. The iPad has many applications that may be suitable as a group activity for persons with dementia. Six people with dementia took part in two traditional and two iPad activities over two days. Well-being was recorded using dementia care mapping. Subjects displayed similar or better levels of well-being during iPad activities than traditional activities. A larger variation of behaviors was seen during iPad activities than traditional activities. With detailed planning using a person-centred care approach, iPad group activity has the potential to be as effective and engaging as other conventional activities in achieving well-being.
Changes in daily cognition and behavior of Alzheimer’s patients over time: A three-year evaluation using a daily cognition and behavior for Alzheimer’s disease scale
Authors: Suzuki Chieko , Yokote Yoshie , Takahashi Toru
Published: July 2013

Background

In Japan, the number of older people with dementia was 2.26 million as of 2010, and Alzheimer’s disease accounted for the greatest morbidity rate among older people with dementia.

Objective

The purposes of this longitudinal study were to assess whether the Daily Cognition and Behavior for Alzheimer’s Disease scale might help observe changes in daily cognition and behavior among Alzheimer’s disease patients and to determine whether the scale could be used by non-professional caregivers.

Methods

Data obtained from 111 rater-patient pairs were analysed. The scores for Daily Cognition and Behavior for Alzheimer’s Disease used by staff members were compared with those for two other scales designed for professional use. Comparisons were made using one-way repeated-measures ANOVA.

Results

The scores for Daily Cognition and Behavior for Alzheimer’s Disease indicated a declining pattern similar to those for the other scales. There was no significant difference in scores by rater occupations.

Conclusion

Findings suggest Daily Cognition and Behavior for Alzheimer’s Disease might help observe changes in daily cognition and behavior among Alzheimer’s disease patients, and that Daily Cognition and Behavior for Alzheimer’s Disease can be used by non-professional caregivers.
Balancing needs: The role of motivations, meanings and relationship dynamics in the experience of informal caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: Quinn Catherine , Clare Linda , Woods Robert T
Published: July 2013

This paper investigates how meaning, motivation and relationship dynamics influence the caregivers’ subjective experience of caregiving. We interviewed 12 family caregivers of relatives with dementia. We analysed transcripts of these interviews using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Six key themes emerged from the analysis, which were encompassed under an overarching theme of ‘balancing needs’. This describes the caregivers’ constant struggle to balance their own needs against those of their relative, which created a series of dilemmas. These dilemmas emerged from the desire to try to preserve the caregivers’ relationship with their relative, while recognising that this relationship was changing. The caregivers’ relationship with their relative influenced the caregivers’ motivations to provide care and gave caregiving meaning. Although caregivers were motivated to provide care the battle to balance needs meant that the caregivers recognised there might come a time when they may need to cease caregiving.
Deception, right, and international relations: A Kantian reading
Authors: Loriaux Sylvie
Published: July 2013

The general aim of this paper is to elucidate Kant's juridical understanding of the duty not to lie and to situate it within his account of ‘The right of a state’ and of ‘The right of nations’. The first section will introduce the distinction Kant draws between two senses in which a liar can be said to wrong another, namely, ‘materially’ and ‘formally’. The second section will be devoted to clarifying what Kant means by a ‘formal wrong’ (or a ‘wrong in general’), by focusing on his use of this concept in the context of international relations. The third section will examine why a liar can be said to always do wrong ‘formally’. And the fourth section will show that what holds for individuals also holds for states in their mutual relationships: they are never to deceive one another, not even when innocent lives are at stake, because doing so would ‘subvert the right of human beings as such’.
Cosmopolitanism and Hume’s general point of view
Authors: McArthur Neil
Published: July 2013

Hume’s writings, taken as a whole, address a dazzlingly broad range of topics. I argue that they do so as part of a coherent and interesting philosophical programme. While Hume’s doctrine of the general point of view provides an attractive way of understanding the process of moral judgement, it raises the threat of parochialism – that is, it potentially makes us prey to the limitations and prejudices of our society. I show that Hume endorses what I call “engaged cosmopolitanism”, which provides the resources to explain how we can, under certain circumstances, escape such parochialism. Engaged cosmopolitanism is the product of a particular sort of society – one that is open and commercial, and that governed by a system of equitable laws. Like Mandeville, Hume rejects the suspicion of commerce and “luxury” that was prevalent during his time. But he provides supporters of commercial society with a justification that does not, in contrast to Mandeville’s writings, abandon notions of morality altogether. On the contrary, he makes commerce a precondition to a society’s moral development. And he further links this development to a certain type of liberal political institutions, thus giving such institutions a moral basis.
Surge performance of an underwater vehicle with a biomimetic tendon drive propulsion system
Authors: Watts Chris M , McGookin Euan W
Published: July 2013

This article presents a study into the forward propulsion of a free swimming, custom-built biomimetic underwater vehicle called the RoboSalmon developed at the University of Glasgow, Scotland. As the name implies, the design of this vehicle is based on the dimensions of an Atlantic salmon. It realises fish-like propulsion through a tail assembly that utilises a tendon drive actuation system driven by a single servo motor. A brief overview of the experimental hardware is given followed by a discussion of the accompanying mathematical model of the vehicle. Experimental results are presented for straight swimming trials that show the surge velocity performance of the vehicle. In the context of forward swimming, the efficiency and power consumption of the vehicle are analysed, and the adverse effect of tail recoil is discussed.
Electric auxiliary propulsion for improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions
Authors: Sciberras Edward A , Zahawi Bashar , Atkinson David J , Juandó Aitor
Published: July 2013

Auxiliary drives can provide an alternative propulsion system for marine vessels giving the potential to achieve improved environmental performance during low-speed sailing. In this work, two case vessels were considered for analysis, a Roll-On–Roll-Off ship and a harbour tug boat. Actual sailing operational profiles were used as the basis for energy considerations to assess the potential for lower emissions. An energy-centric simulation model was built to estimate the emission of various pollutants, considering different machinery set-ups. Results have shown that savings are possible, especially for vessels which run on residual fuels, where auxiliary drives provide a way of exploiting the advantages of cleaner sources for manoeuvring instances.
Cultural Differences, Assimilation, and Behavior
Authors: De Luca Giacomo , Schokkaert Jeroen , Swinnen Johan
Published: July 2013

We examine the impact of a different cultural background on individual behavior, focusing on penalties in football matches of southern European and northern European football players in the English Premier League. Southern European football players collect on average more football penalties than their British colleagues, and northern European football players collect on average less football penalties than their British colleagues. The number of football penalties incurred by southern European players is initially higher but converges toward the local average the longer their experience in the English Premier League.
Testing the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis in European Professional Football
Authors: Pawlowski Tim
Published: July 2013

Previous research based on revealed preferences cannot assess whether (increasingly imbalanced) football competitions might be at risk of moving into territory where consumer demand will fall off as suggested by the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis. Therefore, this article provides a subsequent examination of the relationship between perceived balance (in a number of dimensions) and intention to consume based on a stated preference approach in Germany. The estimated demand functions reveal that around 70% of fans care about competitive balance in the German Bundesliga but the league is not close to any tipping point at present.
Football Frenzy
Authors: LeFeuvre Allie D. , Stephenson E. Frank , Walcott Sara M.
Published: July 2013

The dramatic play of the American team in the 2011 Women’s World Cup tournament brought much attention to women’s soccer in the United States. This article uses match-level data from the Women’s Professional Soccer (WPS) league to analyze the effect of the World Cup on WPS attendance. The results indicate that attendance for matches played after the World Cup roughly doubled and that matches involving star players Hope Solo and Abby Wambach received an additional 33% attendance bump although this effect is imprecisely estimated.
From Impressionism to Realism
Authors: Bénard Silvia M.
Published: July 2013

This article explores the difficulties I have experienced moving from Mexico City, the largest metropolitan area in Mexico, to a provincial capital in the center part of the country, the city of Aguascalientes. In order to do that, I present a short narrative of certain incidents that show how I have sorted out the journey in a search of developing a sense of belonging. This is an autoethnography exercise where I follow what Ellis (2004) calls narrative analysis, which “assumes that a good story itself is theoretical. . . . When people tell their stories, they employ analytic techniques to interpret their worlds” (pp. 195-196). I have also realized that, like Richardson and St. Pierre argue (2005), writing is a way of knowing because it was due to the introspection process I experienced as I was writing that I came to understand how much my story was mostly related to gender issues.
Abbreviated Mindfulness-Based Therapy for a Depressed College Student
Authors: Preddy Teresa M. , McIndoo Crystal C. , Hopko Derek R.
Published: July 2013

Mindfulness-based therapy (MBT) has shown promise in reducing depression and psychological distress among individuals presenting with various medical and psychiatric problems. This case study examined the implementation of MBT with an undergraduate student with recurrent major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. A novel four-session MBT protocol was utilized and the patient demonstrated significant decreases in depressive and anxiety symptoms and an overall increase in quality of life at the posttreatment assessment. Treatment gains were maintained at the 1-month follow-up assessment. Consistent with previous treatment outcome studies examining the efficacy of comprehensive MBT interventions, results indicate that an abbreviated MBT protocol may be effective in treating depression and anxiety in younger adults.
A Case of Elder Abuse and Undue Influence
Authors: Horning Sheena M. , Wilkins Stacy S. , Dhanani Shawkat , Henriques Donna
Published: July 2013

Elder abuse is a pervasive problem that can have lasting emotional and physical consequences, increasing its victims’ risk of mortality. Healthcare providers are frequently involved in the detection and intervention of elder abuse. Because of the complexity of these cases, applying treatment interventions within an interdisciplinary care team has been recommended to ensure older adults’ safety and welfare. Psychologists in particular are frequently relied upon in these situations because of their expertise in cognitive, psychiatric, and capacity assessment, as well as their ability to intervene in a variety of difficult situations. The following is a report examining the case of Mr. B, who was a victim of elder abuse involving financial exploitation and undue influence. Assessment and treatment interventions were used within the context of an interdisciplinary care team, using a bio-psychosocial approach. A decision-tree model describing the steps to take in assessing and treating financial elder abuse is proposed.
L-Carnitine Pretreatment Protects Slow-Twitch Skeletal Muscles in a Rat Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Demirel Mert , Kaya Burak , Cerkez Cem , Ertunc Mert , Sara Yildirim
Published: July 2013

Ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury negatively affects the outcome of surgical interventions for amputated or severely traumatized extremities. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of l-carnitine on the contractile properties of fast-twitch (extensor digitorum longus [EDL]) and slow-twitch (soleus [SOL]) skeletal muscles following I/R-induced injury in a rat model. Rats were divided into 4 groups (1) saline pretreatment, (2) l-carnitine pretreatment, (3) saline pretreatment and I/R, and (4) l-carnitine pretreatment and I/R. Twitch and tetanic contractions in the EDL and SOL muscles in each group were recorded. Additionally, a fatigue protocol was performed in these muscles. Twitch and tetanic contraction amplitudes were lower in the EDL and SOL muscles in which I/R was induced ( P < .01). l-Carnitine pretreatment significantly increased tetanic contraction amplitude in the SOL muscles following I/R ( P < .01) but not in the EDL muscles. l-Carnitine pretreatment did not alter the fatigue response in any of the muscles.
Digital curation and the networked audience of urban events
Authors: Quan-Haase Anabel , Martin Kim
Published: July 2013

The proliferation of portable, networked and location-aware devices has drastically changed how the city is represented and interpreted in general and during specific events in particular by enabling new practices of digital curation and networked audience activities. These extend the urban realm from the physical into the virtual, which provides a space for global and dispersed, often naive audience activities. This article uses the case study of the Fiesta de Santo Tomás, which is an annual festival that takes place during the week leading up to Christmas in Chichicastenango, Guatemala, to illustrate how digital curation, (re)presentation and (re)interpretation of festive events occur in a hybrid urban space. By documenting the ways that the modern day version of this festival has made its way into the larger digitally mediated sphere of urbanism, the study looks at three groups of curators and how their ways of encoding the event provide a multiplicity of representations to be decoded by the members of the ephemeral networked audience.
Media territories and urban conflict
Authors: Tosoni Simone , Tarantino Matteo
Published: July 2013

This article deals with the media-related practices enacted by social actors during urban conflict. Its theoretical objective is to stress the need for audience studies to focus on social actors’ concrete practices and, consequently, to switch from essentialist notions of ‘audiences’ to ‘audiencing’ as a practice. This makes it necessary to build theoretical and methodological bridges between audience and urban studies. Focusing on a conflict between Chinese migrants and Italian residents in an area of Milan, the article employs the concept of ‘media territories’ to account for the heterogeneous assemblages of media platforms, contents and devices mobilised by social actors to make sense of the conflict and to impose their own representations of the self, of competitors and of urban space. Within these assemblages, audiencing forms an important ‘secondary’ activity, whose sense can be understood only in relation to the other practices involved. The exploration of these assemblages is necessary for coming to grips with social actors’ conflictual media practices, and to understand the dynamics of urban conflict in media-saturated contexts.
An Evaluation of the Impact of a Faith-Based Volunteer Program
Authors: Yamada Mieko , Gutierrez Daniel
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a study undertaken to evaluate the impact of a faith-based volunteer program in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and determine how effectively the program serves to connect volunteers, agencies, and the local community. Organizational factors, such as volunteer training, task preparation, and support within the program, affect levels of volunteers’ performance and satisfaction. Based on the volunteers’ and agencies’ input regarding the faith-based volunteer program, we examine how faith-based volunteers perceived their own experiences related to their host program and to what extent they felt satisfied with their assigned work. We discuss survey and interview findings and suggest the need for further research among volunteer organizations.