bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical X‐ray spectroscopy of transition metal compounds
Authors: Bokarev Sergey I. , Kühn Oliver
Published: July 2019

X‐ray spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools to access structure and properties of matter in different states of aggregation as it allows to trace atomic and molecular energy levels in course of various physical and chemical processes. X‐ray spectroscopic techniques probe the local electronic structure of a particular atom in its environment, in contrast to ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, where transitions generally occur between delocalized molecular orbitals. Complementary information is provided by using a combination of different absorption, emission, scattering as well as photo‐ and autoionization X‐ray methods. However, interpretation of the complex experimental spectra and verification of experimental hypotheses is a nontrivial task and powerful first principles theoretical approaches that allow for a systematic investigation of a broad class of systems are needed. Focusing on transition metal compounds, L‐edge spectra are of particular relevance as they probe the frontier d‐orbitals involved in metal–ligand bonding. Here, near‐degeneracy effects in combination with spin‐orbit coupling lead to a complicated multiplet energy level structure, which poses a serious challenge to quantum chemical methods. Multiconfigurational self‐consistent field (MCSCF) theory has been shown to be capable of providing a rather detailed understanding of experimental X‐ray spectroscopy. However, it cannot be considered as a “blackbox” tool and its application requires not only a command of formal theoretical aspects, but also a broad knowledge of already existing applications. Both aspects are covered in this overview.

This article is categorized under:

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Non-specific colitis among patients with colitis: frequency and relation to inflammatory bowel disease, a prospective study
Authors: Emara Mohamed H. , Salama Rasha I. , Hamed Emad F. , Shoriet Hebatalla Nabil , Abdel-Aziz Hesham R.
Published: July 2019

Background and study aim The term non-specific colitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the colon that microscopically lacks the characteristic features of any specific form of colitis and is commonly seen in pathology reports of colonoscopy biopsies. In fact, it has been questioned whether it is a separate pathological entity or it is merely an intermediate stage in the course of inflammatory bowel disease. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of non-specific colitis among patients with colitis and characterize its natural history over a 6 months year period.

Patients and methods Eighty adult patients presented for colonoscopy were enrolled. In the final analysis they were divided into Group A; the non-specific colitis Group and Group B; the inflammatory bowel disease Group. All patients were subjected to: full history taking, full clinical examination, laboratory investigations: which included stool analysis, CRP, ESR, complete colonoscopy and entire random colon biopsies for histopathological examination.

Results Group A included 67 patients (83.75%) while Group B included 13 (16.25%) patients. Patients with IBD had clinical and laboratory features of inflammation significantly higher than patients with non-specific colitis. Six patients (8.95%) of non-specific colitis group developed histologic features of florid inflammatory bowel disease after 6 months. There were no independent predictors of this conversion.

Conclusion Among our 80 patients with colonoscopy and biopsy 67 (83.75%) were diagnosed as non-specific colitis and out of them 6 patients (8.95%) were reexamined after 6 months and proved to have inflammtory bowel disese this change was not linked to predictive factors.
The Temporal Distribution and Duration of Mississippian Polities in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee
Authors: Hally David J. , Chamblee John F.
Published: July 2019

To aid our understanding of prehispanic social change in a subcontinental context, this article presents data and analysis relating to the occupational histories of 351 Mississippian platform mound sites in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Based on the premise that sites with platform mounds served as the administrative and ritual centers for Mississippian polities, our study demonstrates that polities in the study area rose and fell with some regularity, and in many cases, new polities succeeded old ones in the same locations. Our work expands on a previous analysis of 47 northern Georgia area sites. Through a theoretical framework tailored for macroregional processes and a rule-based approach in collecting and standardizing data from previous work, this study serves as an example for incorporating different processes and regions to provide a more coherent and complete picture of the Mississippian macroregion. Our results show that polity cycling was typical in our study area, and we argue that the rise and fall of polities is best described within a theoretical framework emphasizing collapse and resilience. By treating collapse as a normal feature of Mississippian polities, we can better understand the interconnectedness of Mississippian polities across regions.
Varieties of Populist Parties and Party Systems in Europe: From State-of-the-Art to the Application of a Novel Classification Scheme to 66 Parties in 33 Countries
Authors: Zulianello Mattia
Published: July 2019

Despite the explosion of populism research, there is a shortage of comprehensive analyses of the ideational varieties of populist parties and of the different roles they play in contemporary party systems. In order to overcome such limitations, I provide a state-of-the-art review of the literature on the classification of populist parties and make three innovative contributions to populism research. First, by adopting a truly pan-European perspective to cover, in addition to EU member countries, contexts that are generally overlooked, including but not limited to Liechtenstein, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine, this review article provides an empirical application of the ideational approach to populism to 66 contemporary parties. Second, it highlights the major shortcomings of common approaches to the study of populist parties in contemporary party systems, which almost invariably treat them as ‘challengers’ or ‘outsiders’. Finally, it pushes the agenda further by providing a classification and empirical overview of the three interactive patterns characterizing the 66 populist parties under analysis: non-integration, negative integration and positive integration.
Impact of multiple concurrent central lines on central-line–associated bloodstream infection rates
Authors: Couk Jesse , Chernetsky Tejedor Sheri , Steinberg James P. , Robichaux Chad , Jacob Jesse T.
Published: July 2019

Background:

The current methodology for calculating central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates, used for pay-for-performance measures, does not account for multiple concurrent central lines.

Objective:

To compare CLABSI rates using standard National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) denominators to rates accounting for multiple concurrent central lines.

Design:

Descriptive analysis and retrospective cohort analysis.

Methods:

We identified all adult patients with central lines at 2 academic medical centers over an 18-month period. CLABSI rates were calculated for intensive care units (ICUs) and non-ICUs using the standard NHSN methodology and denominator (a patient could only have 1 central-line day for a given patient day) and a modified denominator (number of central lines in 1 patient in 1 day count as number of line days). We also compared characteristics of patients with and without multiple concurrent central lines.

Results:

Among 18,521 hospital admissions, there were 156,574 central-line days and 239 CLABSIs (ICU, 105; non-ICU, 134). Our modified denominator reduced CLABSI rates by 25% in ICUs (1.95 vs 1.47 per 1,000 line days) and 6% (1.30 vs 1.22 per 1,000 line days) in non-ICUs. Patients with multiple concurrent central lines were more likely to be in an ICU, to have a longer admission, to have a dialysis catheter, and to have a CLABSI.

Conclusions:

Using the number of central lines as the denominator decreased CLABSI rates in ICUs by 25%. The presence of multiple concurrent central lines may be a marker of severity of illness. The risk of CLABSI per lumen of a central line is similar in ICUs compared to wards.
GENERALISATION OF A RESULT ON DISTINCT PARTITIONS WITH BOUNDED PART DIFFERENCES
Authors: LI RUNQIAO , LIN BERNARD L. S. , WANG ANDREW Y. Z.
Published: July 2019

We generalise a result of Chern [‘A curious identity and its applications to partitions with bounded part differences’, New Zealand J. Math. 47 (2017), 23–26] on distinct partitions with bounded difference between largest and smallest parts. The generalisation is proved both analytically and bijectively.
Manuel Llorca-Jaña and Diego Barría Traverso, Empresas y empresarios en la historia de Chile [Companies and entrepreneurs in the history of Chile]
Authors: Gómez-Galvarriato Aurora
Published: July 2019

Despite the fact that several Chilean companies have experienced great success in recent decades, becoming some of Latin America's largest international enterprises, the field of business history has lagged behind in Chile relative to other Latin American countries. “There is no tradition of business history in Chile,” the editors of these two volumes acknowledge in their introduction (1:13). This gives their publication greater relevance, since it will certainly foster more interest in the field in Chile, which will enable the field of business history to gain more of a hold in Chile in the near future.
Confronting the Japanese Challenge: The Revival of Manufacturing at Intel
Authors: Lécuyer Christophe
Published: July 2019

Like many other American corporations, Intel was outcompeted in manufacturing by Japanese firms in the late 1970s and the first half of the 1980s. By 1985, it became clear that the corporation's weakness in production endangered its long-term survival. Responding to the Japanese challenge, Intel's upper management instigated a fundamental reform of manufacturing. At their behest, production engineers and managers adopted Japanese manufacturing technologies and operating procedures. They put microchip fabrication on a scientific footing. They developed new ways of transferring processes from development to production and standardized the firm's factories. This major transformation enabled Intel to reach manufacturing parity with Japanese chipmakers by the early 1990s.
Use of an image-guided navigation system for routine endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Reichel O , Taxeidis M
Published: July 2019

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the results of routine endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy combined with computed tomography guided navigation in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Method

This was a retrospective study of all patients with lacrimal drainage obstruction undergoing stereotactic endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy between 1st January 2016 and 1st April 2018. Computed tomography dacryocystography was used for intra-operative navigation. Patients with a presaccal obstruction site location were excluded from the study.

Results

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with computed tomography guided navigation was successfully performed in all 17 cases without complications. Early post-operative dislocation of the inserted bicanalicular silicone stent occurred in two patients. Two other patients developed post-operative bacterial infection within the lacrimal sac. Otherwise, the silicone tube was removed three months after surgery, and after further follow up of 8 weeks, 94 per cent of the study population reported complete remission of epiphora.

Conclusion

The use of computed tomography guidance in routine endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy enhanced safety for the patient and avoided unnecessary damage of bone and mucosa surrounding the lacrimal drainage system. Therefore, routine endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with additional stereotactic guidance by computed tomography navigation can contribute to high success rates with endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.
Goal dreams: conflicting development imaginaries in Ghanaian football academies
Authors: Dubinsky Itamar , Schler Lynn
Published: July 2019

Focusing on three Ghanaian football academies, this article examines the role that dreams and aspirations play in shaping development schemes and in determining their impact. Football ignites the hopes and imaginations of entrepreneurs, aspiring players, their parents and supporters, and these aspirations serve as a blueprint for action both among founders and participants of academies. Imagined futures give birth to development initiatives, attracting participants, and providing them with opportunities to articulate their own aspirations. The following examination argues that it is vital for researchers and practitioners to understand how a variety of imagined futures comes into play in development schemes, as the conflicts and negotiations between divergent imaginaries can explain why individuals engage with development, how schemes evolve and how they leave their mark upon communities.
Traditional authority and bargaining for legitimacy in dual legitimacy systems
Authors: Mershon Carol , Shvetsova Olga
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the quest for legitimacy conducted by hereditary, traditional leaders in dual legitimacy systems. We theorise that traditional leaders engage in meta-constitutional bargaining, i.e. bargaining among constitutionally and traditionally defined actors within the meta-constitutional space. This process resembles constitutional bargaining in federations over the institutional balance between the members and centre, and among members. We thus propose a parallel between the theory of federal bargaining, on the one hand, and, on the other, the process of institutional balancing between agents in constitutional and traditional authority structures in dual legitimacy systems. Evidence from narratives of institutional balancing between constitutional and traditional authorities in Southern Africa suggests that actors’ strategies in dual legitimacy systems accord with the framework here. The narratives also disclose that both constitutional and traditional authorities rely on the state's courts for adjudication. The paper enriches social science scholarship on traditional authority, political economy and federalism.
Swiss extractivism: Switzerland's role in Zambia's copper sector
Authors: Dobler Gregor , Kesselring Rita
Published: July 2019

Switzerland is usually not looked upon as a substantial economic actor in Africa. Taking Zambian copper as a case study, we show how important Swiss companies have become in the global commodities trade and the services it depends on. While big Swiss trading firms such as Glencore and Trafigura have generated increasing scholarly and public interest, a multitude of Swiss companies is involved in logistics and transport of Zambian copper.Swiss extractivism, we argue, is a model case for trends in today's global capitalism. We highlight thatservicification, a crucial element of African mining regimes today, creates new and more flexible opportunities for international companies to capture value in global production networks. These opportunities partly rely on business-friendly regulation and tax regimes in Northern countries, a fact which makes companies potentially vulnerable to reputation risks and offers opportunities to civil society actors criticising their role. New and different Swiss–Zambian connections emerge from civil society networks organising around companies’ economic activities.
Health Technology Assessment of Public Health Interventions Published 2012 to 2016: An Analysis of Characteristics and Comparison of Methods
Authors: Polus Stephanie , Mathes Tim , Klingler Corinna , Messer Melanie , Gerhardus Ansgar , Stegbauer Constance , Willms Gerald , Ehrenreich Heidi , Marckmann Georg , Pieper Dawid
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the methodological characteristics and compare the assessment methods applied in health technology assessments (HTAs) of public health interventions (PHIs).

Methods

We defined a PHI as a population-based intervention on health promotion or for primary prevention of chronic or nonchronic diseases. HTAs on PHIs were identified by systematically searching the Web pages of members of international HTA networks. We included only full HTA reports published between 2012 and 2016. Two reviewers extracted data on the methods used to assess effectiveness/safety, as well as on economic, social, cultural, ethical, and legal aspects using a-priori standardized tables.

Results

We included ten HTAs provided by four different organizations. Of these, all reports assessed the effectiveness of the interventions and conducted economic evaluations, seven investigated social/cultural aspects, and four each considered legal and ethical aspects, respectively. Some reports addressed applicability, context/setting, and intervention fidelity issues in different ways. We found that most HTAs adapted their methods to some extent, for example, by including nonrandomized studies, expanding the search strategy, involving stakeholders, or applying a framework to guide the HTA process.

Conclusions

Our analysis provides a comprehensive overview of methods applied in HTAs on public health interventions. We found that a heterogeneous set of approaches is used to deal with the challenges of evaluating complex public health interventions.
The Toxic Legacy of DDT Lives On in Remote Canadian Lakes
Authors: Morton Mary
Published: July 2019

DDT and its breakdown products permeate lake sediments decades after the pesticide was banned.
Fires, Smoke Exposure, and Public Health: An Integrative Framework to Maximize Health Benefits From Peatland Restoration
Authors: Marlier Miriam E. , Liu Tianjia , Yu Karen , Buonocore Jonathan J. , Koplitz Shannon N. , DeFries Ruth S. , Mickley Loretta J. , Jacob Daniel J. , Schwartz Joel , Wardhana Budi S. , Myers Samuel S.
Published: July 2019

Emissions of particulate matter from fires associated with land management practices in Indonesia contribute to regional air pollution and mortality. We assess the public health benefits in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore from policies to reduce fires by integrating information on fire emissions, atmospheric transport patterns, and population exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We use adjoint sensitivities to relate fire emissions to PM2.5 for a range of meteorological conditions and find that a Business‐As‐Usual scenario of land use change leads, on average, to 36,000 excess deaths per year into the foreseeable future (the next several decades) across the region. These deaths are largely preventable with fire reduction strategies, such as blocking fires in peatlands, industrial concessions, or protected areas, which reduce the health burden by 66, 45, and 14%, respectively. The effectiveness of these different strategies in mitigating human health impacts depends on the location of fires relative to the population distribution. For example, protecting peatlands through eliminating all fires on such lands would prevent on average 24,000 excess deaths per year into the foreseeable future across the region because, in addition to storing large amounts of fuel, many peatlands are located directly upwind of densely populated areas. We also demonstrate how this framework can be used to prioritize restoration locations for the Indonesian Peatland Restoration Agency based on their ability to reduce pollution exposure and health burden. This scientific framework is publicly available through an online decision support tool that allows stakeholders to readily determine the public health benefits of different land management strategies.
Dispersive Alfvén Wave Control of O+ Ion Outflow and Energy Densities in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Hull A. J. , Chaston C. C. , Bonnell J. W. , Wygant J. R. , Kletzing C. A. , Reeves G. D. , Gerrard A.
Published: July 2019

The relationship between dispersive Alfvén waves (DAWs), magnetospheric activity, and O+ ion outflow/energy density is examined using measurements from the Van Allen Probes. We show that correlated DAW activity and O+ outflow/energization is a characteristic feature of the inner magnetosphere during active conditions and during storms persists for several hours over large L‐shell and azimuthal ranges of the plasma sheet. Though enhanced during substorm and storm active periods, these correlated features are most intense during geomagnetic storms. Comparisons show a linear relationship between DAW electric (and magnetic) field energy density and outflowing O+ energy. Statistical measurements from a large number of storms also reveal a linear relationship between DAW energy density and gross enhancements in energetic O+ energy densities. These observations support the notion that DAWs play an important role in the energization of O+ ions into and within the inner magnetosphere.
Profound and reproducible patterns of reduced regional gray matter characterize major depressive disorder
Authors: Hellewell Sarah C. , Welton Thomas , Maller Jerome J. , Lyon Matthew , Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. , Koslow Stephen H. , Williams Leanne M. , Rush A. John , Gordon Evian , Grieve Stuart M.
Published: July 2019

Reduced gray matter (GM) volume may represent a hallmark of major depressive disorder (MDD) neuropathology, typified by wide-ranging distribution of structural alteration. In the study, we aimed to replicate and extend our previous finding of profound and widespread GM loss in MDD, and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a structural biomarker derived from GM volume in an interconnected pattern across the brain. In a sub-study of the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression (iSPOT-D), two cohorts of clinically defined MDD participants “Test” (n = 98) and “Replication” (n = 131) were assessed alongside healthy controls (n = 66). Using 3T MRI T1-weighted volumes, GM volume differences were evaluated using voxel-based morphometry. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate an MDD diagnostic biomarker based on a precise spatial pattern of GM loss constructed using principal component analysis. We demonstrated a highly conserved symmetric widespread pattern of reduced GM volume in MDD, replicating our previous findings. Three bilateral dominant clusters were observed: Cluster 1: midline/cingulate (GM reduction: Test: 6.4%, Replication: 5.3%), Cluster 2: medial temporal lobe (GM reduction: Test: 8.2%, Replication: 11.9%), Cluster 3: prefrontal cortex (GM reduction: Test: 12.1%, Replication: 23.2%). We developed a biomarker reflecting the global pattern of GM reduction, achieving good diagnostic classification performance (AUC: Test = 0.75, Replication = 0.84). This study establishes that a highly specific pattern of reduced GM volume is a feature of MDD, suggestive of a structural basis for this disease. We introduce and validate a novel diagnostic biomarker based on this pattern.
Publisher Correction: Direct quantitative material decomposition employing grating-based X-ray phase-contrast CT
Authors: Braig Eva , Böhm Jessica , Dierolf Martin , Jud Christoph , Günther Benedikt , Mechlem Korbinian , Allner Sebastian , Sellerer Thorsten , Achterhold Klaus , Gleich Bernhard , Noël Peter , Pfeiffer Daniela , Rummeny Ernst , Herzen Julia , Pfeiffer Franz
Published: July 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Leaf economics and slow-fast adaptation across the geographic range of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Sartori Kevin , Vasseur François , Violle Cyrille , Baron Etienne , Gerard Marianne , Rowe Nick , Ayala-Garay Oscar , Christophe Ananda , Jalón Laura Garcia de , Masclef Diane , Harscouet Erwan , Granado Maria del Rey , Chassagneux Agathe , Kazakou Elena , Vile Denis
Published: July 2019

Life history strategies of most organisms are constrained by resource allocation patterns that follow a ‘slow-fast continuum’. It opposes slow growing and long-lived organisms with late investment in reproduction to those that grow faster, have earlier and larger reproductive effort and a short longevity. In plants, the Leaf Economics Spectrum (LES) depicts a leaf-level trade-off between the rate of carbon assimilation and leaf lifespan, as stressed in functional ecology from interspecific comparative studies. However, it is still unclear how the LES is connected to the slow-fast syndrome. Interspecific comparisons also impede a deep exploration of the linkage between LES variation and adaptation to climate. Here, we measured growth, morpho-physiological and life-history traits, at both the leaf and whole-plant levels, in 378 natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the LES is tightly linked to variation in whole-plant functioning, and aligns with the slow-fast continuum. A genetic analysis further suggested that phenotypic differentiation results from the selection of different slow-fast strategies in contrasted climates. Slow growing and long-lived plants were preferentially found in cold and arid habitats while fast growing and short-lived ones in more favorable habitats. Our findings shed light on the role of the slow-fast continuum for plant adaptation to climate. More broadly, they encourage future studies to bridge functional ecology, genetics and evolutionary biology to improve our understanding of plant adaptation to environmental changes.
Simplified platform for mosaic in vivo analysis of cellular maturation in the developing heart
Authors: Goudy Julie , Henley Trevor , Méndez Hernán G. , Bressan Michael
Published: July 2019

Cardiac cells develop within an elaborate electro-mechanical syncytium that continuously generates and reacts to biophysical force. The complexity of the cellular interactions, hemodynamic stresses, and electrical circuitry within the forming heart present significant challenges for mechanistic research into the cellular dynamics of cardiomyocyte maturation. Simply stated, it is prohibitively difficult to replicate the native electro-mechanical cardiac microenvironment in tissue culture systems favorable to high-resolution cellular/subcellular analysis, and current transgenic models of higher vertebrate heart development are limited in their ability to manipulate and assay the behavior of individual cells. As such, cardiac research currently lacks a simple experimental platform for real-time evaluation of cellular function under conditions that replicate native development. Here we report the design and validation of a rapid, low-cost system for stable in vivo somatic transgenesis that allows for individual cells to be genetically manipulated, tracked, and examined at subcellular resolution within the forming four-chambered heart. This experimental platform has several advantages over current technologies, chief among these being that mosaic cellular perturbations can be conducted without globally altering cardiac function. Consequently, direct analysis of cellular behavior can be interrogated in the absence of the organ level adaptions that often confound data interpretation in germline transgenic model organisms.
Neuroprotective effects of oleic acid in rodent models of cerebral ischaemia
Authors: Song Jungbin , Kim Young-Sik , Lee Dong Hwan , Lee Sung Hyun , Park Hyo Jin , Lee Donghun , Kim Hocheol
Published: July 2019

Oleic acid (OA) is released from brain phospholipids after cerebral ischaemia; however, its role in ischaemic injury remains unknown. We hypothesised that OA has neuroprotective effects after cerebral ischaemia, which may be exerted through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) activation, since OA is an endogenous ligand of PPAR-γ. The effects of OA administration were evaluated in rodent models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), photothrombosis, and four-vessel occlusion (4-VO). We determined the time window of therapeutic opportunity and examined the ability of the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 to reverse OA’s protective effects after MCAO. We found that OA administration decreased the MCAO-induced infarct volume and functional deficits, photothrombosis-induced infarct volume, and 4-VO-induced hippocampal neuronal death. Additionally, OA was highly efficacious when administered up to 3 h after MCAO. Pre-treatment with GW9662 abolished the inhibitory effects of OA on the infarct volume and immunoreactivity of key inflammatory mediators in the ischaemic cortex. Our results indicate that OA has neuroprotective effects against transient and permanent focal cerebral ischaemia, as well as global cerebral ischaemia. It may have therapeutic value for the ischaemic stroke treatment with a clinically feasible therapeutic window. The OA-mediated neuroprotection might be attributable to its anti-inflammatory actions through PPAR-γ activation.
Relationships of Non-coding RNA with diabetes and depression
Authors: An Tian , Zhang Jing , Ma Yue , Lian Juan , Wu Yan-Xiang , Lv Bo-Han , Ma Meng-Hua , Meng Jun-Hua , Zhou Yun-Tao , Zhang Zhi-Yong , Liu Qing , Gao Si-Hua , Jiang Guang-Jian
Published: July 2019

In order to study the molecular differences between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and T2DM with depression (DD), we aimed to screen the differential expression of lncRNA, mRNA, and circRNA in the blood of patients with T2DM and DD. Based on the self-rating depression scale (SDS), patient health questionnaire 9 (PHQ9), blood glucose and HbA1c, we divided the patients into T2DM and DD group. Peripheral blood was collected from the two groups of patients to perform lncRNA, mRNA, and circRNA expression profiling and screening DD-related specific molecules. Subsequently, bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEgenes). Finally, RT-PCR and lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network was performed to verify the expressions of lncRNAs and mRNAs related to the occurrence and development of DD. 28 lncRNAs, 107 circRNAs, and 89 mRNAs were identified in DD differential expression profiles. GO and pathway analysis found that 20 biological process (BP) related entities and 20 pathways associated with DD. The analysis shows that the genes that are differentially expressed in the DD group involved in the development of the neuropsychiatric system, immunity, and inflammation. Then, we screening for the important DElncRNA and mRNA associated with DD were verified by RT-PCR experiments and the results of RT-PCR were consistent with the sequencing results. LncRNA, circRNA, and mRNA differential expression profiles exist in DD patients compared with T2DM. The lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network analysis confirmed the crosslinking and complex regulation patterns of lncRNA and mRNA expression and verified the authenticity of the regulatory network.
Internal tsunami waves transport sediment released by underwater landslides
Authors: Brizuela Noel , Filonov Anatoliy , Alford Matthew H.
Published: July 2019

Accelerated by gravity, submarine landslides transfer energy to the marine environment, most notably leading to catastrophic tsunamis. While tsunamis are thought to use less than 15% of the total energy released by landslides, little is known about subsurface processes comprising the rest of their energy budgets. Here, we analyze the first set of observations depicting a lake’s interior response to underwater landslides and find that sediment transport is modulated by baroclinic waves that propagate along vertical gradients in temperature and sediment concentration. When traveling along a shallow thermocline, these waves can reach past topographic features that bound turbidity currents and thus expand the influence area of underwater landslides. With order of magnitude calculations, we estimate that observed thermocline internal waves received roughly 0.7% of available landslide energy and infer their contribution to homogenize the lake’s thermodynamical properties by means of turbulent mixing. Lastly, we show that landslides in our data set modified the lake’s intrinsic dynamical modes and thus had a permanent impact on its circulation. This suggests that measurements of subsurface wave propagation are sufficient to diagnose bathymetric transformations. Our experiment constitutes the first direct observation of both internal tsunami waves and turbidity current reflection. Moreover, it demonstrates that background density stratification has a significant effect on the transport of sediment after submarine landslides and provides a valuable reference for numerical models that simulate submarine mass failures.
Solvodynamic Printing As A High Resolution Printing Method
Authors: Liu W. C. , Watt A. A. R.
Published: July 2019

Printing techniques are becoming increasingly prevalent in modern manufacturing. However, its biggest drawback is the limit in printing resolution. In this paper, we present solvodynamic printing as a novel printing system which aims to improve print resolution by incorporating an additional immiscible carrier solvent into the ink delivery system. The resolution is improved due to the solvent-solvent interactions between the ink and the carrier solvent which alter the contact angle of the ink on the substrate and limit the printed feature size. We demonstrate the proof of concept of solvodynamic printing by printing silver nanoparticle inks on a polyethylene naphthalate substrate. Silver nanoparticle tracks with widths of 35.2 ± 7.0 μm were achieved using a 300 μm nozzle. This is equivalent to 11.7 ± 2.3% of the nozzle diameter. The result shows great potential in solvodynamic printing as not many modern printing techniques can achieve such nozzle to feature size ratios.
Evidence and patterns of tuna spawning inside a large no-take Marine Protected Area
Authors: Hernández Christina M. , Witting Jan , Willis Ciara , Thorrold Simon R. , Llopiz Joel K. , Rotjan Randi D.
Published: July 2019

The Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA), one of the world’s largest marine protected areas, represents 11% of the exclusive economic zone of the Republic of Kiribati, which earns much of its GDP by selling tuna fishing licenses to foreign nations. We have determined that PIPA is a spawning area for skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), bigeye (Thunnus obesus), and yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) tunas. Our approach included sampling larvae on cruises in 2015–2017 and using a biological-physical model to estimate spawning locations for collected larvae. Temperature and chlorophyll conditions varied markedly due to observed ENSO states: El Niño (2015) and neutral (2016–2017). However, larval tuna distributions were similar amongst years. Generally, skipjack larvae were patchy and more abundant near PIPA’s northeast corner, while Thunnus larvae exhibited lower and more even abundances. Genetic barcoding confirmed the presence of bigeye (Thunnus obesus) and yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) tuna larvae. Model simulations indicated that most of the larvae collected inside PIPA in 2015 were spawned inside, while stronger currents in 2016 moved more larvae across PIPA’s boundaries. Larval distributions and relative spawning output simulations indicated that both focal taxa spawned inside PIPA in all 3 study years, demonstrating that PIPA is protecting viable tuna spawning habitat.
Diffusion kurtosis MRI as a predictive biomarker of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Deen Surrin S. , Priest Andrew N. , McLean Mary A. , Gill Andrew B. , Brodie Cara , Crawford Robin , Latimer John , Baldwin Peter , Earl Helena M. , Parkinson Christine , Smith Sarah , Hodgkin Charlotte , Patterson Ilse , Addley Helen , Freeman Susan , Moyle Penny , Jimenez-Linan Mercedes , Graves Martin J. , Sala Evis , Brenton James D. , Gallagher Ferdia A.
Published: July 2019

This study assessed the feasibility of using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) as a measure of tissue heterogeneity and proliferation to predict the response of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Seventeen patients with HGSOC were imaged at 3 T and had biopsy samples taken prior to any treatment. The patients were divided into two groups: responders and non-responders based on Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (RECIST) criteria. The following imaging metrics were calculated: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), apparent diffusion (Dapp) and apparent kurtosis (Kapp). Tumour cellularity and proliferation were quantified using histology and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Mean Kapp before therapy was higher in responders compared to non-responders: 0.69 ± 0.13 versus 0.51 ± 0.11 respectively, P = 0.02. Tumour cellularity correlated positively with Kapp (rho = 0.50, P = 0.04) and negatively with both ADC (rho = −0.72, P = 0.001) and Dapp (rho = −0.80, P < 0.001). Ki-67 expression correlated with Kapp (rho = 0.53, P = 0.03) but not with ADC or Dapp. In conclusion, Kapp was found to be a potential predictive biomarker of NACT response in HGSOC, which suggests that DKI is a promising clinical tool for use oncology and radiology that should be evaluated further in future larger studies.
A Pro-Inflammatory Biomarker-Profile Predicts Amputation-Free Survival in Patients with Severe Limb Ischemia
Authors: Gremmels Hendrik , Teraa Martin , de Jager Saskia C. A. , Pasterkamp Gerard , de Borst Gert J. , Verhaar Marianne C.
Published: July 2019

Patients with Severe Limb Ischemia (SLI) have a high risk of amputation and mortality. Here, we investigated a panel of serum biomarkers with the aim of identifying biomarkers for major events and mechanisms that contribute to disease progression in established SLI. A panel of biomarkers including GROα, HGF, SCF, SCGFβ, SDF1α, TRAIL, IL-6, IL-8, FGFβ, GCSF, GMCSF, IP10, MCP1, PDGFbb, RANTES, TNFα, VEGF, sICAM, sVCAM, TM, and E-selectin was measured in serum samples from a subset (n = 108) of the JUVENTAS cohort. The primary outcome was major events, defined as major amputation or death. The inflammatory biomarkers IL-6, IL-8, GROα and IP-10 were significantly elevated in patients who reached a major endpoint. Results were validated in a secondary cohort (n = 146). Cox regression showed that adjusted hazard ratios were 1.40 (95% CI: 1.15–1.70, p = 0.0007) and 1.48 (95% CI 1.16–1.87, p = 0.001) for IL-6 and IP-10 in a fully adjusted model containing both biomarkers. A prediction model using IL-6 and IP-10 showed predictive accuracy with an AUC of ~ 78% in both discovery and validation cohorts, which is higher than previously published models. We conclude that inflammatory biomarkers predict major events in patients with SLI and allow the creation of biomarker-based risk-prediction models.
E2F1 Drives Breast Cancer Metastasis by Regulating the Target Gene FGF13 and Altering Cell Migration
Authors: Hollern Daniel P. , Swiatnicki Matthew R. , Rennhack Jonathan P. , Misek Sean A. , Matson Brooke C. , McAuliff Andrew , Gallo Kathleen A. , Caron Kathleen M. , Andrechek Eran R.
Published: July 2019

In prior work we demonstrated that loss of E2F transcription factors inhibits metastasis. Here we address the mechanisms for this phenotype and identify the E2F regulated genes that coordinate tumor cell metastasis. Transcriptomic profiling of E2F1 knockout tumors identified a role for E2F1 as a master regulator of a suite of pro-metastatic genes, but also uncovered E2F1 target genes with an unknown role in pulmonary metastasis. High expression of one of these genes, Fgf13, is associated with early human breast cancer metastasis in a clinical dataset. Together these data led to the hypothesis that Fgf13 is critical for breast cancer metastasis, and that upregulation of Fgf13 may partially explain how E2F1 promotes breast cancer metastasis. To test this hypothesis we ablated Fgf13 via CRISPR. Deletion of Fgf13 in a MMTV-PyMT breast cancer cell line reduces colonization of the lungs in a tail vein injection. In addition, loss of Fgf13 reduced in vitro cell migration, suggesting that Fgf13 may be critical for tumor cells to escape the primary tumor and to colonize the distal sites. The significance of this work is twofold: we have both uncovered genomic features by which E2F1 regulates metastasis and we have identified new pro-metastatic functions for the E2F1 target gene Fgf13.
Long-term, non-anthropogenic groundwater storage changes simulated by three global-scale hydrological models
Authors: Li Bailing , Rodell Matthew , Sheffield Justin , Wood Eric , Sutanudjaja Edwin
Published: July 2019

This study examined long-term, natural (i.e., excluding anthropogenic impacts) variability of groundwater storage worldwide. Groundwater storage changes were estimated by forcing three global-scale hydrological models with three 50+ year meteorological datasets. Evaluation using in situ groundwater observations from the U.S. and terrestrial water storage derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites showed that these models reasonably represented inter-annual variability of water storage, as indicated by correlations greater than 0.5 in most regions. Empirical orthogonal function analysis revealed influences of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on global groundwater storage. Simulated groundwater storage, including its global average, exhibited trends generally consistent with that of precipitation. Global total (natural) groundwater storage decreased over the past 5–7 decades with modeled rates ranging from 0.01 to 2.18 mm year−1. This large range can be attributed in part to groundwater’s low frequency (inter-decadal) variability, which complicates identification of real long-term trends even within a 50+ year time series. Results indicate that non-anthropogenic variability in groundwater storage is substantial, making knowledge of it fundamental to quantifying direct human impacts on groundwater storage.
Remote effect of a tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal on a heavy-rainfall event in subtropical East Asia
Authors: Arakane Sho , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Tu Chia-Ying , Liang Hsin-Chien , Yan Zheng-Yu , Lin Shian-Jiann
Published: July 2019

Torrential frontal rainfall occurred over Northern Taiwan on June 2, 2017. Prior to this rainfall, tropical cyclone (TC) Mora formed in the Bay of Bengal. This study investigated the triggering effect of TC Mora on the heavy-rainfall system through numerical experiments. The numerical experiments, in which TC Mora was included or excluded in the initial conditions, revealed that TC Mora strengthened the southwesterly winds, which effectively transported tropical warm moist air toward Taiwan, and the cool dry northerly winds to the north of Taiwan. The strengthened southeasterly and northerly winds created a strong frontal system near Taiwan. TC Mora contributed to the heavy frontal rainfall by enhancing tropical–extratropical interaction and vertical coupling in East Asia.
The role of GRHL2 and epigenetic remodeling in epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Chung Vin Yee , Tan Tuan Zea , Ye Jieru , Huang Rui-Lan , Lai Hung-Cheng , Kappei Dennis , Wollmann Heike , Guccione Ernesto , Huang Ruby Yun-Ju
Published: July 2019

Cancer cells exhibit phenotypic plasticity during epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) involving intermediate states. To study genome-wide epigenetic remodeling associated with EMT plasticity, we integrate the analyses of DNA methylation, ChIP-sequencing of five histone marks (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27Ac, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) and transcriptome profiling performed on ovarian cancer cells with different epithelial/mesenchymal states and on a knockdown model of EMT suppressor Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2). We have identified differentially methylated CpG sites associated with EMT, found at promoters of epithelial genes and GRHL2 binding sites. GRHL2 knockdown results in CpG methylation gain and nucleosomal remodeling (reduction in permissive marks H3K4me3 and H3K27ac; elevated repressive mark H3K27me3), resembling the changes observed across progressive EMT states. Epigenetic-modifying agents such as 5-azacitidine, GSK126 and mocetinostat further reveal cell state-dependent plasticity upon GRHL2 overexpression. Overall, we demonstrate that epithelial genes are subject to epigenetic control during intermediate phases of EMT/MET involving GRHL2.
Correction: The role of Sox9 in collagen hydrogel-mediated chondrogenic differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
Authors: Jiang Xianfang , Huang Xianyuan , Jiang Tongmeng , Zheng Li , Zhao Jinmin , Zhang Xingdong
Published: July 2019

Correction for ‘The role of Sox9 in collagen hydrogel-mediated chondrogenic differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)’ by Xianfang Jiang, et al., Biomater. Sci., 2018, 6, 1556–1568.
Single-chain magnets assembled in cobalt(ii) metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Gou Xiaoshuang , Shi Wei , Cheng Peng
Published: July 2019

This feature article discusses the advantages, progress and prospects of constructing single-chain magnets in metal–organic frameworks.
A chiral signal-amplified sensor for enantioselective discrimination of amino acids based on charge transfer-induced SERS
Authors: Wang Yue , Liu Jing , Zhao Xueqi , Yang Chunguang , Ozaki Yukihiro , Xu Zhangrun , Zhao Bing , Yu Zhi
Published: July 2019

An ultra-high sensitivity enantioselective sensor with excellent discrimination performance for trace amino acids by using charge transfer-induced SERS.
First-principles thermodynamics and experimental study of interface oxidation in Ni/Ni3Al structures
Authors: Wang Zhaowei , Pei Haiqing , Shang Jing , Kou Liangzhi , Wen Zhixun , Li Chun
Published: July 2019

Surface phase diagrams and element content obtained from ab initio thermodynamics and experiment reveal the atomic-scale oxidation mechanism of Ni/Ni3Al interfaces.
Toward photophysical characteristics of triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion: a promising protocol from the perspective of optimally tuned range-separated hybrids
Authors: Alipour Mojtaba , Safari Zahra
Published: July 2019

In this contribution, photophysics of the triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion process is investigated using optimally tuned range-separated density functional theory.
Mechanistic role of water in HSSZ-13 catalyzed methanol-to-olefins conversion
Authors: Bollini Praveen , Chen Thomas T. , Neurock Matthew , Bhan Aditya
Published: July 2019

Attenuation of chain initiation and termination rates and higher turnover capacities in methanol-to-olefins (MTO) conversion observed with water co-feeds are plausibly due to formaldehyde hydrolysis.
An electronic structure governed by the displacement of the indium site in In–S6 octahedra: LnOInS2 (Ln = La, Ce, and Pr)
Authors: Ito Hiroaki , Miura Akira , Goto Yosuke , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Azuma Masaki , Liu Jinjia , Wen Xiao-Dong , Nishioka Shunta , Maeda Kazuhiko , Masubuchi Yuji , Rosero-Navarro Nataly Carolina , Tadanaga Kiyoharu
Published: July 2019

Large atomic displacements of indium govern the electronic structures of LnOInS2 (Ln = La, Ce, and Pr).
Tracking the dimensional conversion process of semiconducting lead bromide perovskites by mass spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, microcalorimetry and crystallography
Authors: Hu Yue-Qiao , Hui Hong-Yan , Wen Hong-Qiang , Wang Yanyan , Lin Wei-Quan , Yang De-Suo , Feng Guo-Dong
Published: July 2019

A dimensional conversion process of semiconducting lead bromide perovskites is followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), microcalorimetry and crystallography.