bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communist Trauma and Norman Thomas Socialism
Authors: Dorrien Gary
Published: January 2022

Norman Thomas socialism was a three-sided struggle to renew the democratic socialist idea, hold off the Communist Party, and get a farmer-labor-socialist-progressive party off the ground. Norman Thomas was eloquent, personable, astute, courageous, and not cut out to be a party leader. He symbolized the shift of the Socialist Party from being primarily working class to being primarily a vehicle of middle-class idealism. Then Thomas and the socialists watched Franklin Roosevelt carry out 90 percent of the socialist platform in the New Deal.
Cultural Leftism, Cornel West, Market Socialism, and Nancy Fraser
Authors: Dorrien Gary
Published: January 2022

DSA sought to heal the rift between the Old Left and conflicting factions of the New Left amid the rise of an ascending cultural left that privileged race, gender, and sexuality, building on the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s. The Gramscian focus on hegemony—the cultural process by which a ruling class makes its domination appear natural—provided the socialist left with a basis for appropriating the cultural leftism of identity politics, difference feminism, and other forms of cultural recognition. The book shifts gears in chapter 7 because cultural left academics took over the left and changed the subject.
Introduction: The Dream from 2035, Looking Back on 2020
Authors: Scanlan Melissa K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter considers the year 2020 as an inflection point when the world changed due to the spread of the novel coronavirus from country to country and sent people into homebound isolation. The chapter talks about the cooperation learned during the pandemic, which is essential in the transition off fossil fuels. It also mentions path-breaking cooperatives that sparked ideas for how to structure social enterprises and lead the way in providing triple-bottom-line returns. The chapter highlights another world that was possible in the depths of despair in 2020, wherein fossil fuels are left behind and a better life in the new democratic economy is defined by shared prosperity. It emphasises prosperity that manifests in a high quality of life, health, happiness, strong relationships, trust in community, shared meaning and purpose, and satisfaction at work.
The Cooperative Difference, Private Governance, and the Law
Authors: Scanlan Melissa K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on cooperative private governance and public law to show how values and principles shape legal design for social enterprises. It explains that cooperatives are a form of enterprise that are distinct from investor-owned corporations, such as the cooperative identity of values and principles being shared by cooperatives across the world in all business sectors. It also mentions the corollary for investor-owned corporations that maximizes shareholder value. The chapter assesses the extent to which the cooperative identity is understood as a system of private governance based on shared values and principles. It outlines critical factors in maximizing cooperatives' potential for multiple benefits, such as incorporating identity into legislation and promoting it by cooperative federations.
Finance: Capitalizing the Cooperative Movement
Authors: Scanlan Melissa K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter sketches the pathways to sustainable development and deep decarbonization of finance, focusing on banks. It provides a case study of a cooperative exemplar to demonstrate how different aspects of the transition are already under way. The case study includes an overview of the cooperative's history, type, and economic sector; context based on its industry and country; best practices in environmental sustainability; and its governance and cooperative legal structure. The chapter explores the relationship between environmental sustainability and banking, covering the banks' roles in the global system that has produced climate disruption. It mentions how bank finance determines whether to take the path of usual business or the path of the new economy and sustainable development.
The Glorious Year
Authors: Hutton Ronald
Published: January 2022

This chapter finds Oliver Cromwell in a valuable but highly precarious position. After the Midlands campaign, he had suddenly made the jump to commanding the horse division in Parliament's main, consolidated, field army, and done so under a commander who enthusiastically valued and supported him. If he were to retain the position for more than a month or two, however, he had rapidly to prove his worth in it. Yet prove it he did, for after being plucked from the verge of retirement into a new and glorious command, he had already achieved sensational results. A possible indefinite future as a general had now been opened up for him. Although his new position had an insecurity which no other officer of the New Model had to endure, and which ensured that he would be removed as soon as he ceased to shine in it.
Starting My Career
Authors: Shirakawa Masaaki
Published: January 2022

This chapter reflects on the start of the author's career. In March of 1972, the author received a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Tokyo, and he joined the Bank of Japan on April 1. When he was considering where he would work after finishing his degree, a general aspiration to perform some public service with his economics training led him to the bank. The author spent the next thirty-nine years learning from many gifted colleagues. The author tried to give due regard to economic theory, to learn from others in the field, to focus on accomplishing the bank's mission through its operations, and to appreciate the global context and respect their relations with other central banks. Each of these lessons influenced the author when he later became the bank's governor.
The Bursting of the Bubble and the Financial Crisis
Authors: Shirakawa Masaaki
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines how the Japanese bubble burst in the early 1990s. While the magnitude of the event did not immediately become apparent, it gradually began to dawn on everybody that the economy and society were extremely vulnerable. By the late 1990s, problems in the financial sector snowballed to crisis proportions, dragging down economic activity. Harsh criticism of the conduct of monetary policy by the Bank of Japan was leveled — in particular from US academics. The author was appointed as division chief of the bank's newly organized Financial System Department in May of 1990 and for the next three years tackled the problem of the nonperforming loans made during the bubble years.
The New Bank of Japan Act
Authors: Shirakawa Masaaki
Published: January 2022

This chapter investigates the new Bank of Japan Act. The original Bank of Japan Act was passed in February of 1942, two months after the outbreak of the Pacific War, and it has strong overtones of state control. As such, the bank had long had a strong desire to revise the law. A perfect alignment of the stars in the late 1990s set in motion an effort for an overhaul, and in April of 1998, as the Japanese financial crisis raged, a totally revised act came into force. Factors leading to the revision included the remorse over the bubble economy of the late 1980s, a global trend toward strengthening central bank independence, and — perhaps above all — a revulsion against the concentration of policy-making powers in the hands of the Ministry of Finance. The revision of the law was an important milestone in the conduct of monetary policy, but at the same time, the bank faced an uphill task because there was no room to cut interest rates further and Japan was in the midst of a financial crisis.
The Sustainability of Government Finances
Authors: Shirakawa Masaaki
Published: January 2022

This chapter shows how the most fundamental requirement for the stability of money — encompassing both price stability and financial stability — is the sustainability of government finances. At the time the author became governor of the Bank of Japan, by most metrics the Japanese government's finances were already in the worst position of any of the developed economies. The economic stagnation that followed the global financial crisis of 2007–2009, the increased social security outlays reflecting the aging of Japan's population, and the many draws from the public purse in the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake all further mired Japanese government finances in red ink. Against this backdrop, the author felt that the Bank of Japan had to be careful not to be perceived as falling into the trap of “fiscal dominance.” Thus, the conduct of fiscal policy, and the relationship between government finances and monetary policy, were in the front of the author's mind throughout his five-years as governor.
The Global Cooperation of Central Banks
Authors: Shirakawa Masaaki
Published: January 2022

This chapter evaluates the global cooperation of central banks. In achieving the stability of the domestic economy, “putting one's house in order” is the first principle; the utmost effort of individual countries is most important in this regard. But it is becoming increasingly difficult to achieve domestic stability without the stability of the global economy and financial system. Achieving global stability is no easy task, because the policymakers in any individual country do not have the incentive to internalize possible externalities when implementing domestic policies. For decades, central banks have made various efforts on many fronts to address this issue. The challenges are formidable, but global cooperation among central banks is vitally important.
Introduction
Authors: Brownill Sue , Bradley Quintin
Published: January 2022

This introductory chapter provides an overview of neighbourhood planning, which builds on a long history of community-based planning and can be seen as the latest in a series of initiatives that have attempted to ‘fix’ what is seen as the restricted and imperfect opportunities for the public to engage in the planning system. Given the prospect that neighbourhood planning can extend local control and reinvigorate democratic engagement, issues of empowerment and democracy are key to its appeal and consideration. Neighbourhood planning also has to be seen in the context of the rise of localism, characterised by the scalar and spatial dispersal of power, which has become a key feature of contemporary governance. Neighbourhood planning is both a particularly English phenomenon which deserves to be explored in more depth, and a microcosm of key planning issues that has resonance for wider debates on participation, localism and the purposes and practices of planning. As such, this book critically explores neighbourhood planning through empirical evidence on how it is evolving and by placing these experiences in the context of existing debates on governance and planning in an international context.
Exploring shame, love and healing within women’s recovery: an analysis of a trauma-specific intervention
Authors: Bradley Alexandria , Day Kirsty , Mahon Rose
Published: January 2022

This chapter highlights the growing interest in the field of criminology and women's recovery and rehabilitation in hopes of developing a trauma-informed approach across the criminal justice system. It details the aim of the approach in recognising the ways in which trauma can manifest within the behaviour and lives of individuals. It also mentions the trajectory of the ‘becoming trauma-informed’ movement that has steadily infiltrated women's services and policy strategies within the UK since the early 2000s. The chapter talks about the interest in women's vulnerabilities and experiences of previous trauma that intensified after the release of the Corston Report, which encouraged the greater use of safe women-only spaces, women's centres, and tailored services. It explores the impact, value, and nuances from a dual perspective of support services for women with histories of sex work.
Impact and engagement work in the context of families of people in prison
Authors: Kotova Anna
Published: January 2022

This chapter cites research on the experiences of families of people in prison across the world, including the ways in which imprisonment shapes their lives and identities. It outlines grief, practical difficulties associated with maintaining the relationship in question, financial challenges, and stigma as the consequences for the imprisonment of a family member. It also highlights the emerging awareness of the importance of family ties for men and women in prison in relation to rehabilitation that has led to a number of significant and positive developments, such as the implementation of Her Majesty's Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS). The chapter explains that HMPPS Families group, which has been tasked with overseeing additional family-focused developments and family-related policies. It talks about the Families and Significant Others Strategy which encompasses activities such as visits and other aspects of prison policy that involve families directly.
Under Quarantine in a City Project: Stories of Fear, Family, Food, and Community
Authors: Auerbach Jeremy , Clark Jordin , Muñoz Solange
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines how the COVID-19 pandemic exposed existing gaps within larger systems and urban life. It focuses on how residents of a public housing project reimagined their lives during early phases of the pandemic. It also cites examples that demonstrate structural shortcomings and everyday community practices that emerged and point towards pathways for renewed stability and the reimagining of a more equitable society. The chapter takes a bottom-up approach to examine how city residents in a US public housing neighborhood, the Sun Valley housing project in Denver, Colorado, reimagined their urban life in the early stages of the pandemic, which covered the period of June and July 2020. It points out that Sun Valley public housing neighborhood is a collection of dilapidated townhomes that is home to 1,500 residents who form an economically impoverished yet diverse community.
Perception of students on factors contributing to overweight and obesity among high school students in Kiribati: A qualitative study
Authors: Julia Tong Tanebu , Mohammadnezhad Masoud , Salem Alqahtani Nasser , Salusalu Mosese
Published: January 2022

Background

Overweight and obesity among high school students is a growing distress not only to the individual wellbeing of a person but also to the productivity of communities and economic expense of both developed and developing nations. This study aimed to determine factors contributing to overweight and obesity among high school students in Kiribati through the perception of students.

Methods

This qualitative study was conducted in four (4) randomly selected senior high schools on South Tarawa, Kiribati from August to November, 2020. A purposive sampling was used to select thirty-two (32) students enrolled into form levels 4–7. A semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was used for data collection using face-to-face in-depth interviews. Data was transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis method.

Results

This research revealed that the participants were 21 (65.6%) were females and 11 (34.4%) males from form levels four with 9 (28.1%) participants, five with 9 (28.1%) participants, and form seven with 14 (43.8%) participants. Five themes identified including determinants and prevention of overweight and obesity, education and health system factors, stigma, and being fat comes with high risk. These themes collectively elaborate on the essentials of overweight and obesity that are obtained from perspectives of students.

Conclusion

A strong cultural belief and practice has caused misperception of overweight and obesity among students with knowledge-behavior gap recognized as the main reason behind the failure in lifestyle changes among adolescents. Strengthen healthy behavioral lifestyle, improve awareness, and support feasible preventative strategies is recommended to all students.
Javanese Music in Suriname
Authors: Dijo Herman
Published: January 2022

Javanese music in Suriname came with the first group of Javanese who arrived there in 1890 as indentured servants for the sugar company, Nederlandsche Handelsmaatschappij at Mariënburg plantation. Gamelan, steel gamelan, terbangen, and kroncong were the main types of Javanese music that developed in Suriname. Due to a lack of brass, scrapped iron from abandoned railway ties were used to make the pans, and a lack of experienced gamelan musicians made for drastically reduced ensembles of five people. Gamelan in Suriname also came under the influence of the nearby Caribbean music, especially by steel bands from Trinidad. Islamic religious songs were accompanied by a terbangen ensemble, consisting of kinds of tambourines and large drum called bedug, Surinamese kroncong ensembles mostly use three or more acoustic guitars, a ukulele (sometimes a banjo), a double bass (or bass guitar), and a cello. However, because cellists are scarce, this is usually taken over by a guitar.
Responsibility of a White “Privilege Filter”
Authors: Anderson Wendy K. Z.
Published: January 2022

Chapter six dismantles white identity politics of conservative white women placed in positions of communicative power by Trump (Kellyanne Conway, Ivanka Trump, Sarah Huckabee) as white, affluent white women who serve as maiden shield against outside critique. Books and speeches with women as a primary audience and press briefings during and after the presidential campaign—manifest as a Sandberg-style “lean in” philosophy white women use in support of Trump—illustrate an intimate tie between white privilege and male privilege. Through their classification of motherhood, individual “feminism,” and color-blind merit-based claims, conservative white women use a white privilege filter to shield Donald Trump from the accountability of his oppressive rhetoric. These conservative white women simulate, but do not actually engage in, feminism that dismantles power structures; instead, they strategically use their white privilege filters of motherhood, “individual feminism,” and internalized misogyny as disarming argumentative shields to sustain white supremacy.
Epilogue
Authors: Anderson Wendy K. Z.
Published: January 2022

In this Epilogue, Anderson returns to the questions outlined in the Introduction. She also calls for further study, especially with regards to scholarship that engages intersectional analysis, where multiple identities complicate and enrich the depth of our understanding of oppression. She concludes with comments on her own experiences finding a voice to respond to and challenge racism.
“A Strictly Social Function”
Authors: Johnson Mark A.
Published: January 2022

In New Orleans, unionized black musicians fought for the right to perform at the 1903 United Confederate Veterans reunion. In the debates over the rights of the black musicians, the veterans and union leaders expressed their complicated thoughts on black artistry, labor rights, and proper roles in politics and society. White southerners publicly portrayed black talent as an apolitical vestige of the Old South but nonetheless would not let them play at the reunion. Publicly, they portrayed black musical aptitude as natural, thus separating it from professional and intellectual achievement. They knew that the reunion had political implications, so they privately organized to keep them away because the sight of black professional musicians with union rights would have threatened the romanticized image of the Old South. For the black musicians, the reunion offered economic opportunity, and they wanted their share and access to the massive audience of spectators.
“To Do Our Bit For Good Government”
Authors: Johnson Mark A.
Published: January 2022

Memphis mayoral candidate Edward Hull Crump and black bandleader William Christopher Handy took advantage of spectacle to achieve power and fame. In post-disfranchisement Memphis, political candidates employed black musicians to draw attention to registration sites on and near Beale Street. In the 1909 campaign, Crump’s supporters employed Handy and his band to generate enthusiasm for the campaign and mobilize black voters to register and cast ballots. Given this opportunity, Handy created a song that inspired black and white voters to support Crump, but the song also made Handy famous and launched his successful career as a composer and publisher.
Handling Haiti in HUAC-Era Hollywood
Authors: Sepinwall Alyssa Goldstein
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on Lydia Bailey (20th C.-Fox, 1952), Hollywood’s only film set during the Haitian Revolution. This romance-adventure hybrid (by Philip Dunne and Michael Blankfort) placed fictional white Americans alongside real figures such as Toussaint Louverture. Lydia Bailey was acclaimed in 1952 as a groundbreaking change in how Hollywood portrayed Black History. The chapter argues that Lydia Bailey, representing a particular moment in postwar and Cold War cinema, was antiracist and forward-thinking in many ways. It supported the idea of decolonization and justified the violence of Haitian revolutionaries against colonists seeking to reenslave them. Nevertheless, it contained stereotypes about Haiti and Blacks in general. The chapter also asks: How did House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) hearings affect the film’s production? How was it received by white and African American viewers in the U.S., and by audiences in Haiti, France and elsewhere? And why has it fallen into obscurity?
Introduction
Authors: Sciuto Jenna Grace
Published: January 2022

This chapter introduces the work of the book: exposing the ways in which the policing of sexual activity was used to ensure the continuity of hierarchical structures of race, class, gender, and sexual preference, including the elevated position of whiteness, across varying societies in the hemispheric South, as depicted by literature. This book focuses on waves of historical upheaval and moments of transition running through the twentieth century when the policing of sexuality becomes even more entrenched, building on groundbreaking work in the fields of hemispheric American studies and critical mixed race studies. Charles Bon, of Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom!, provides an introductory case study through his representation of the contrasting ideological investments of the narrators, along with the potential for a more nuanced understanding of national, racial, and sexual identities through his own indefiniteness. Love—whether platonic, familial, or erotic—can be revolutionary when running counter to societal structures.
Introduction: Adding to the Mix
Authors: Barratt Sue Ann , Ranjitsingh Aleah N.
Published: January 2022

In this introductory chapter, the main thesis, motivations for the research, and methodological and theoretical perspectives are presented. The theorizing of the Dougla as a maneuvering subject is introduced, along with the focus, purpose and goals of the text’s exploration of this positioning, both in Caribbean homeland and the diaspora in the Global North. The chapter also situates the Dougla subject outside of the dominant Black/White dichotomous framework of mixedness.
Taking Sides: Maneuvering Belonging
Authors: Barratt Sue Ann , Ranjitsingh Aleah N.
Published: January 2022

This chapter foregrounds one point of continued tension identified by Douglas in Trinidad and in New York City, that is, the pressure to choose sides: sides in terms of race and ethnic loyalties, political party loyalties, and, generally, cultural loyalties. It gives voice to what some Douglas view as a clear negative experience of mixedness and the varying strategies they have adopted to cope with demands for them to affiliate self with one group or the other.
How Many Trees Had to Be Cut down for This Essay?
Authors: Alaniz José
Published: January 2022

Despite a reputation for unsentimental, sardonic, sex-based satire, Robert Crumb has consistently voiced distress over the state of the natural world over the course of his career, and especially the role of modern consumerism in its destruction. As he told an interviewer in 2015, “all that stuff, the whole ecological crisis and all that. That worries me.” Part of an under-studied environmentalist strain in US underground comix, reflected in the work of, among others, Ron Cobb and Ron Turner’s series Slow Death Funnies (1970), Crumb’s “ecological angst” appears throughout his oeuvre, in both explicit and figurative forms. In this chapter, José Alaniz explores how Robert Crumb can be viewed as an ironic elegist for nature’s collapse in the Anthropocene.
The Tortured Artist
Authors: Kutch Lynn Marie
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, Lynn Marie Kutch demonstrates why Crumb’s artistic style is supremely adept at telling Kafka’s story and visually interpreting his fiction stories. The chapter argues that Crumb’s distinct style of seeing and drawing substantially supplements the plethora of existing work on Kafka by providing concretely provocative and aggressive graphic renditions of the abstract elements—such as abuse, torment, monstrousness, self-doubt, and absurdity—that characterized Kafka’s life and shaped his oeuvre. The book weaves biographical elements from Franz Kafka’s tortured life story with brief summaries of his main works such as “In the Penal Colony,” “The Hunger Artist,” and “The Metamorphosis.” Just as he did in Self-Loathing, Crumb confrontationally provokes the reader with images of revulsion and the “iconic ugliness” with which Kafka also viewed himself. Crumb and Mairowitz borrow yet also significantly modify the catalogue of themes and terms that characterize Crumb’s body of work. They centralize Kafka’s monstrous and creepy self-portraits, while also consistently threading throughout the text episodes of Kafka’s revulsion and documented distaste for sexual encounters. Similar to Crumb, it was not the female form that disgusted Kafka, but rather his grotesque view of himself fumbling awkwardly in her presence.
Viewing R. Crumb
Authors: Munson Kim A.
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, Kim A. Munson explores how Robert Crumb and his work has been represented in a series of museum exhibitions. In the 2009-2010 exhibition “Compass in Hand: Selections from The Judith Rothschild Foundation Contemporary Drawings Collection” at the Museum of Modern Art (NY), for example, one gallery focused on drawings inspired by underground comix by Crumb and S. Clay Wilson. Other exhibits of Crumb’s work place him within more traditional art historical contexts. R. Crumb’s “Book of Genesis” was a tour de force exhibition shown in the US and internationally in several formats, and placed Crumb in an immediately recognizable artistic tradition. “Graphic Masters,” on display at the Seattle Museum of Art in 2016, also put Crumb’s work in an art historical context, showing the complete "Genesis" along with drawings and engravings by masters like Rembrandt, Dürer, Hogarth, and Picasso. “Masters of American Comics,” the popular and controversial 2005-2006 group exhibit in Los Angeles (Hammer Museum), positioned Crumb as one of the 15 chosen “masters,” placing him within the show’s canon of comics artists alongside Will Eisner, Harvey Kurtzman, Art Spiegelman, and Chris Ware. By looking at these exhibitions, we can see not only Crumb's influence on fine art, but also the evolving relationship between comics art and the art museum, as well as his influence on other artists.
The Fairy Race
Authors: Hansen Kathryn Strong
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, Kathryn Strong Hansen asserts that the Artemis Fowl series fails to consider race and gender directly, while it simultaneously offers readers essentialist readings of race and gender. Thus, this series, which has the potential for creating characters with intersectional identities, reinforces current hegemonic structures of race and gender, ultimately eliding race and racialized differences.
(De)Stabilizing the Boundaries between “Us” and “Them”
Authors: Alkestrand Malin
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, Malin Alkestrand analyzes Swedish author Mats Wahl’s Blodregnsserie (the Blood Rain series; 2014–2017) and Austrian author Ursula Poznanski’s Die Eleria Trilogie (the Eleria trilogy; Swedish translation 2014–2016), originally published in German between 2012 and 2014. The essay considers how the texts speak to racism and ethnocentrism in a contemporary Swedish context, using recent immigration history and tribalism in Sweden and Europe at large.
“I’ve Connected with Them”
Authors: Gilbert-Hickey Meghan
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, Meghan Gilbert-Hickey interrogates Patrick Ness's Chaos Walking, a series that seems to problematize the normalized heteropatriarchal family while also critiquing the settler colonial mindset that supports this structure. However, as sympathetic as Ness’s portrayals of his indigenous characters and characters of color are, the series ultimately replicates structures of both settler colonialism and western racism. His portrayals of two major characters of color whitewash racialized histories of power imbalance, romanticize and stereotype indigenous populations and people of color, and reify the normalized centrality of the white perspective, particularly that of the liberal, white middle-class. Thus, Chaos Walking is, at best, an incomplete critique of Western power imbalances and, at worst, an insidious investigation of normativity that privileges discussion of gender and sexuality at the expense of racial discourse.
“Vine Head,” “Snake Lady,” “Swamp Witch”
Authors: Yu Burnett Joshua
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, Joshua Yu Burnett demonstrates that Okorafor simultaneously critiques speculative fiction for its one-dimensional depictions of race and works within the confines of the genre to advocate for fluid, multifaceted intersectionality. While popular young adult dystopian/science fiction novels frequently depict white girls and young women overcoming societal expectations and oppressions, such novels often ignore the role whiteness plays in the protagonist’s ability to resist. This chapter argues that Okorafor takes an intersectional approach, recognizing the role that racialization plays and the toll it takes, as well as locates racialized otherness as a source of resistance and the overcoming of constricting social norms. Okorafor’s work is valuable for precisely this reason: she not only depicts Black and African girls in speculative settings, but she transforms their double marginalization into resistance and empowerment.
Hey, Voters! Comics! Campaign Comics, Election Specials, and Graphic Biographies
Authors: Knopf Christina M.
Published: January 2022

This chapter opens with the election of 1948 in which Harry S. Truman’s surprise victory might be accounted for by a campaign comic released by the Democratic Committee. From there, the chapter explores the genres of campaign and biographical comics, ultimately comparing them to other forms of campaign communication, particularly television advertisements and the candidate film; all three formats suggest the nation’s history and epitomize and shape Americans’ views of a model leader.
The Nixon Prezidency and the Politically Cynical Comic Book
Authors: Knopf Christina M.
Published: January 2022

Chapter Four looks at political cynicism, spurred by the war in Vietnam under President Lyndon Johnson and the Watergate scandal of President Richard Nixon, in conjunction with the Voting Rights Act of 1971. The Youth Movement was at the heart of a strange new comic series from DC in 1973: Prez: The First Teen President. With stories of corruption, environmental destruction, international strife, domestic terrorism, and impeachment, Prez, in just four issues, presented a bleak outlook on American politics, one that resonated across four decades with nine different iterations of the Prez character. Prez’s themes of alienation and disaffection, competing with themes of hope and commitment, further resonate throughout major deconstructionist comic works of the 1980s, such as Watchmen, and became integral to much of the work of writer Mark Russell in the 2010s.
Faulkner, Slavery, and the University of Mississippi
Authors: Eubanks W. Ralph
Published: January 2022

Through an examination of the existing records of slaves once held at Faulkner’s Rowan Oak, contributor W. Ralph Eubanks explores the connection between these slaves who helped build the University of Mississippi and Faulkner’s fiction, as well as a new narrative that is evolving about Faulkner, slavery, and the University of Mississippi. Further, the essay evokes questions about how Faulkner constructed the relationship between Charles Bon and Henry Sutpen in Absalom, Absalom!, a relationship that has the University of Mississippi as a backdrop. Whether or not Faulkner had knowledge of the connections between the University of Mississippi and slavery, this new narrative twist makes us look at this relationship—as well as its historical context—in a new light.
More than Running: Redefining Movement in Go Down, Moses
Authors: Penner Erin
Published: January 2022

Because Faulkner’s fictional geography links Yoknapatawpha to real history and place, his disenfranchised black characters can map their own stories within and around those of more narratively and socially prominent characters. In asserting the nonfiction that undergirds their fictional terrain, marginalized characters reassert the priority of a truth and a world outside that of the white man’s word. This essay by Erin Penner draws on the mapping tools of Digital Yoknapatawpha to reveal the work of often-silent black characters who move within the white-narrated worlds in Go Down, Moses. In mapping stories that remain within Yoknapatawpha, Faulkner compels readers to see the link between black characters and the land as something more than a relic of forced labor. Tomey’s Turl and Rider undermine the presumption that black men and women can be driven from the South under the pretense of liberty.
A Literary Genealogy of “Slavery’s Capitalism” in Chesnutt and Faulkner
Authors: Rountree Stephanie
Published: January 2022

In this essay, Stephanie Rountree investigates Charles Chesnutt’s “Lonesome Ben” and William Faulkner’s Light in August as they reveal enslavement’s foundational influence on US capitalism and public health. Chesnutt narrates Ben’s antebellum tale as he self-emancipates, eats clay that whitens his Black skin, dies, and transforms into a brick. A metaphor for Booker T. Washington’s brick-making and body-care curriculum at Tuskegee, Ben’s tale condemns it as racial capitalism that “whitens” Black personhood yet denies Black citizenship. Chesnutt also connects Ben’s geophagia to Reconstruction-era poor white characters, correlating cross-racial suffering under capitalism. Historically, epidemics ravaged poor southern communities across racial boundaries, and many diseases compelled geophagia, like hookworm. Reading Faulkner through Chesnutt, the “hookwormridden heirs” of Doane’s Mill, together with Joe Christmas’s volatile racial and digestive narrative, reveal how pre-capitalist enslaving logic endured beyond Emancipation in public health policy to produce bodily-abjected laborers consigned to the bottom of US liberal democracy’s “anteliberal” hierarchy of citizenship.
Melodrama, Turbulence, Titillation: Silhouetting Slavery in the Works of William Faulkner and Kara Walker
Authors: Wilhelm Randall
Published: January 2022

In this essay, Randall Wilhelm places Faulkner’s use of the silhouette in dialogue with contemporary visual artist Kara Walker, whose silhouette assemblages interrogate power and sexual relations in the plantocracy of the American south. Looking at Faulkner’s conceptual links between blackness and sexuality in his own visual silhouettes in the hand-lettered and illustrated dream play, The Marionettes, the essay moves to a comparison of similar constructs in Walker’s installation, The End of Uncle Tom and the Grand Allegorical Tradition. Considering the historical, aesthetic, and cultural contexts of the silhouette, a form that renders all sitters pitch black despite racial difference, the essay shows Walker’s deconstruction of historical narratives and racial mythologies through strategies of melodrama, turbulence, and titillation. In the concluding section, readers are asked to reimagine scenes from The Unvanquished as Walker silhouette assemblages, focusing on the scene of Bayard and Ringo hiding from Union soldiers under Granny Millard’s skirt in “Ambuscade.”
Emancipating Faulkner: Reading Go Down, Moses and Jesmyn Ward’s Sing, Unburied, Sing
Authors: Johnson Sherita L.
Published: January 2022

Enslaved African Americans and their descendants live in the webbed narrative of William Faulkner’s Go Down, Moses. However, the author’s representation of the enslaved—and the “curse” of slavery that their descendants bear—is filtered through the consciousness of another white southerner, Issac McCaslin. This master narrative of slavery does not allow black characters to escape their tragic fates. To offer a counter narrative of the enslaved and generational curses, contributor Sherita L. Johnson reads Jesmyn Ward’s Sing, Unburied, Sing as a lyrical key to Faulkner’s novel. The aesthetics of the enslaved—spirituals and blues traditions, for instance—appear as evidence of the “cultural legacies of slavery” in both novels and, yet, Ward’s narrative allows us to travel from Mississippi’s Gulf Coast to the Delta (and perhaps other routes out of Yoknapatawpha), ultimately, to emancipate Faulkner from that slave past.
Diary 2 2007
Authors: Willson Brian
Published: January 2022

This chapter outlines the necessary obligation—obrigação—that must be done to manifest the spirit of Betty Barney. Her initiation name and the name with which her spirit is called is Ṣàngó Funké. This chapter outlines the events leading up to and including the ritual calling of her spirit and its ultimate manifestation in the barracão (hall) as an aparaká – a preliminary spiritual vehicle for the spirit. The chapter discusses the necessary and possible path of Egúngún training for the author. Covering the time span of a second trip to Brazil a few months later, this chapter describes an initial ceremony for Egúngún where the participant receives a title and is welcomed into the temple.
Diary 5 2016
Authors: Willson Brian
Published: January 2022

This chapter details the authors pilgrimage to Itaparica, the small island off the coast of Bahia that is the original home of the Egúngún cult from Africa. The main temple, Ilê Agboulá, is considered the matrix for all other Egúngún houses in Brazil. The author makes his way to Ile Agboulá and unexpectedly participates in a consultation with Egúngún, Babá Ocúnilade. Welcomed as a brother in this fraternity, the visit confirms and supports the familial connection that exists within the society and amplifies his overall connection to Egúngún. Upon his return to Rio, the author completes an obrigação for his health with the orisa Exú, culminating with a physical appearance of the orisa, a rare occurrence. After this he attends the annual foguera (bonfire) festival for Xango. He argues that pre-conceived notions of formality within orisa worship must be put aside to truly experience any given ceremony.
Origins of Egúngún
Authors: Willson Brian
Published: January 2022

This chapter argues that though contemporary Egúngún ritual and codification can plausibly be traced to Oyo, the origin of Egúngún cannot reliably be understood through the written documents of colonizing empires.
It must be thought of within a broader frame of both linear and mythic time, back to when human institutions first came into existence and that the Yorùbá have always been associated with ancestor veneration. This chapter argues that Egúngún in Brazil is a distillation and amalgam of different types found in Yorùbáland. It also presents the idea of the terreiro as a microcosmic world, a complete African town reduced to the walled area of the compound. This microcosm, along with its physical isolation, has enabled the cult to maintain its ritual purity, combined with the strict oath of secrecy its members adhere to.
A Mysterious Wind
Authors: Willson Brian
Published: January 2022

This chapter describes the aparaká—the physical manifestation of a newly deceased spirit; it suggests that the simplicity of the outfit reflects the spirit’s lower status. The chapter argues that they are a primal spiritual force. They are protectors of the elder Egúngún. This chapter suggests they are an intermediate stage which a person must go through upon their death if they have been chosen to be immortalized as Egúngún. The chapter suggests they are the most abstract, since they do not have any resemblance to human shape they can be confounding and frightening. Whereas aparaká can have multiple meanings in Africa they are unique to Brazil in their singular definition—distant relatives of what may have been known as aparaká in Africa.
The Melbourne Scene
Authors: Maynard Amy Louise
Published: January 2022

This analysis of comics producers and intermediaries in Melbourne, Australia, examines comics production as a creative industry. While the term “creative industries” often conjures up images of transnational entertainment conglomerates, in Melbourne the comics industry is organized in terms of a scene-based creative economy that brings individual producers, small and medium sized enterprises, and public institutions together around the production and circulation of comics. While nationally prominent as a center of comics culture and producing works that garner international audiences, the Melbourne comics scene derives its vibrancy from its connections to a thriving urban community. In this chapter, Amy Louise Maynard argues that producers within this creative industry are directly influenced by their immediate local environment—revealing how comics scenes must be approached as integrated within other creatives industries and institutions.
Objectifying the Objectifiers
Authors: Hatfield Charles , Howes Franny
Published: January 2022

Scholars are not only observers of the comics world but participants in it. As teachers and researchers, they constitute another public for comic books and graphic novels. In this interview, editors Jeremy Stoll and Benjamin Woo discuss the institutionalization of comics studies within higher education, diversity and interdisciplinarity, and the field’s future with Charles Hatfield and Franny Howes.
Covid-19, Financial Markets (Islamic vs Non-Islamic), and Exchange Rate: Does the Malaysian Market Offers Diversification Opportunities to the Investors?
Authors: Thaker Hassanudin Mohd Thas , Sakaran K. Chandra
Published: January 2022

We explore the impact of Covid-19 towards Islamic and non-Islamic financial markets in Malaysia. We employ the wavelet coherency approach (WCA) which allows a deeper investigation of the relationship between the selected variables in terms time-frequency domain. We document that (i) Islamic capital markets represented by FTSEBMEI and MyETFDJIMMT25 are performing better during the Covid-19 period and also offer a greater investment opportunity to the investors for diversification purposes, (ii) non-Islamic index, FTSEBMKLCI, was less affected during this pandemic, and the market offers better risk and optimal diversification benefits to the investors as time progresses, and (iii) exchange rate appears to be more stable and within the phase category, indicating the co-movements are relatively strong in smaller scales. Understanding the impact of Covid-19 on the financial markets will lend to a better portfolio investment design which considers return and risk.
The historical mortars of the castle of Cifuentes (Guadalajara, Spain)
Authors: Mayo Corrochano Cristina , Sanz Arauz David
Published: January 2022

This communication analyzes the results of the mineralogical and petrographic characterization of the rendering and masonry mortars from Cifuentes Castle. The castle has five towers, a 400 m2 courtyard and an Islamic influence main door. During the centuries several modifications have been done, reaching nowadays a state of almost abandonment. As part of a broader study of the materials and conservation state of the castle, this study allows us to differentiate several types of mortars that correlate with different construction periods of the monument: the core of the masonry of the courtyard wall made with gypsum mortar, and possibly with an Islamic origin; the main construction period of the castle, that used lime mortars with clay impurities and ceramic fragments; a reparations period with lime mortars that get thicker the core masonry of the courtyard; and a final rendering with lime and gypsum mortar finished with a layer of gray gypsum mortar.
European analytics 2021
Authors: Potemkina Olga , Kondratieva Nataliya , Kolesnikova Мarina , Roginko Sergey , Belov Vladislav , Ananieva Elena , Alekseenkova Elena , Vernikov Vladimir , Plevako Nataliya , Vedernikov Mikhail , Gromyko Alexey , Rubinskiy Yuri , Fedorov Sergey , Shumilin Аlexander , Mezhevich Nikolay , Godovanyuk Кira , Тimoshenko Diana
Published: January 2022

The Institute of Europe (Russian Academy of Sciences, IE RAS) presents a new issue of the annual edition «European analytics». The collection contains materials of IE RAS researches, dedicated to acute issues of contemporary European political and socio-economic processes, the role of the Old Continent in international relations, major shifts in development of countries and regions of the Wider Europe from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Special attention is drawn to the analysis of internal and external factors in the development of the EU and its member-states, current trends against the backdrop of different crisis manifestations, problems of regional and transregional security and relations with Russia.
Consideraciones sobre el sitio arqueológico Marcahuasi de Iris, distrito de San Juan de Iris—Huarochirí: cuenca del río Santa Eulalia
Authors: Huamán Santillán Yomira Silvia
Published: January 2022

El año 2018 como parte del curso de Métodos en Arqueología I a cargo del arqueólogo Daniel Morales Chocano y su ayudante de cátedra Arnold Aguilar, realizamos trabajos de prospección arqueológica en la cuenca alta del río Santa Eulalia, específicamente en la margen izquierda, distrito de San Juan de Iris, provincia de Huarochirí. Por ello, visitamos el sitio arqueológico de Marcahuasi de Iris en las coordenadas UTM (WGS-84): 8706444N, 331828E y a 3850 m s. n. m.
Diecisiete años después
Authors: Tolentino Cotrina Israel Miguel
Published: January 2022

Este texto lo escribí por primera vez el 2016, bajo el frío de los nevados de Chacas; una copia de aquél, don Pablo Macera lo leyó y sonrió, cinco años luego, con mucha nostalgia vuelvo a retomarlo.
Futility in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Search for Clarity
Authors: Patel Kush P , Treibel Thomas A , Scully Paul R , Fertleman Michael , Searle Samuel , Davis Daniel , Moon James C , Mullen Michael J
Published: January 2022

Although transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has revolutionised the landscape of treatment for aortic stenosis, there exists a cohort of patients where TAVI is deemed futile. Among the pivotal high-risk trials, one-third to half of patients either died or received no symptomatic benefit from the procedure at 1 year. Futility of TAVI results in the unnecessary exposure of risk for patients and inefficient resource utilisation for healthcare services. Several cardiac and extra-cardiac conditions and frailty increase the risk of mortality despite TAVI. Among the survivors, these comorbidities can inhibit improvements in symptoms and quality of life. However, certain conditions are reversible with TAVI (e.g. functional mitral regurgitation), attenuating the risk and improving outcomes. Quantification of disease severity, identification of reversible factors and a systematic evaluation of frailty can substantially improve risk stratification and outcomes. This review examines the contribution of pre-existing comorbidities towards futility in TAVI and suggests a systematic approach to guide patient evaluation.