bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on a Novel Three-Phase Two-Leg Active Inverter for Electrified Railway
Authors: Sun Yan Ping , Zhou Mo , Wang Guo
Published: March 2015

A novel topology circuit of active compensation was discussed to be used to manage negative sequence caused by locomotive load in electrified railway. The main circuit used a three-phase two-leg compensator as active elements of shunt hybrid active compensator topology. The number of switch device in this topology was reduced by comparing with three-phase full-bridge active inverter and the cost was lower. The simulation model was developed with SIMULINK. The simulating results indicates that the shunt hybrid active compensator can restrain the problem of negative sequence which generated by locomotive load, and reduces the effect of reactive power, negative sequence, improves electric energy quality and verifies the correctness of the proposed structure and control method.
Control Technology of 10kW Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverter Based on TMS320F2808
Authors: Chen Yan , Shen Fang , Hu Rong
Published: March 2015

The article has built a control system of 10kW photovoltaic grid-connected inverter based on high-performance 32-bit DSP processor TMS320F2808 of TI company, and has designed the software overall structure of main control part of control system by using modularized design method, has given the interrupt timing priority and software design process in the main control part of the control system of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter.
Design of RFID Card Reading System Based on LWIP and FreeRTOS
Authors: Chen Wei Song , Wang Jian Ping
Published: March 2015

In view of current network RFID reader, a solution is given based on LWIP and FreeRTOS in this paper. FreeRTOS is chosen as its operating system . LWIP is chosen as its network protocol, which can upload the RFID card number to the server as soon as getting the new RFID card number. LWIP and FreeRTOS are free and open source code so that we need not consider the use of copyright issues.Also,STM32F107VC based on the framework of Cortex-M3 is selected as the RFID reader processor and DP83848 chip produced by TI is used as the network card in the hardware solution.
Design of a Low-Power Flyback Switching Power Supply
Authors: Zhou Mu Dan
Published: March 2015

This paper designs a low-power flyback switching power supply using current-mode PWM control chip UC3843. The design of control circuit and high-frequency transformer’s parameters of single-ended flyback converter is given. Simulation model of switching power supply is established by saber software. Simulation result shows that the power supply both have a good line regulation and load regulation with high efficiency, and verifies the correctness and feasibility of the design scheme.
Design of Intelligent LED Lighting System Based on KNX Bus for Building
Authors: Pang Dang Feng , Lu Sheng Li , Zhang Feng Xin , Zhao Guang
Published: March 2015

Technology of KNX bus is an open standard protocol which is used in residential areas and building control worldwide.A kind of intelligent LED lighting system based on KNX bus is designed which realized intelligent controlling for LED lighting systems in office region,energy efficient management and utilization, improvement on scalability and stability.
Design of LED TRIAC Dimming Circuit Based on SSL2101T
Authors: Zhang Xiu Hong , Liu Ting Zhang , Cao Ling Yun
Published: March 2015

A Triac dimmable LED driver based on SSL2101T is designed. The driver based on flyback topology with an extra Triac dimmer and a 220V/50Hz mains input achieves flicker free, smooth dimming. The proposed driver has acceptable efficiency and power factor. The Triac dimmer and the driver are introduced and the dimming control theorem is analyzed. The design of the transformer is demonstrated in detail. Experimental results show that the full load efficiency of a demo board is 73%, power factor 0.762 and the dimming range from 0 to 347.7mA.
Mobile Lighting Control Scheme Based on DALI Protocol
Authors: He Qi Peng , He Xiao Yang , Gao Ying Ming , Zou Nian Yu , Wang Zhi Sen , Cao Fan
Published: March 2015

Unable to control at long range is the shortage of DALI protocol. In order to solve this problem, a remote control scheme based on GPRS module is designed. In the hardware part, the GPRS module is set as a communication device of main controller, and the interface of MCU supports to the DALI protocol. In the software part, the control mechanism between the main controller and mobile terminal is realized. The software runs on the mobile terminal is developed, which is based on J2ME. The experimental result shows that the system responses are fast when user is at long range. It is of significant meaning for this design scheme on the development of advanced indoor lighting automation system.
High Voltage Equipment PD Pattern Recognition Based on BP Classifier
Authors: Li Lu , Jiang Guo Qing , Niu Tian Ye , Wang Yi , Lu Yong , Lan Qi , Chang Li , Liu Ya Lin , Chen Chao
Published: March 2015

The corresponding discharge waveforms were detected by ultrasonic sensor. The dimension of feature vectors extracted from discharge waveforms were reduced by local linear embedding algorithm. The processed vectors were used as input to train and test BP_Adaboost classifier. Recognition results show that, high voltage reactor insulating defects recognition with this method can reduce the calculation and maintain a high recognition rate at the same time. This shows its effectiveness in the application of partial discharge pattern recognition.
Evaluation of Coupling Beams Behavior Concrete Shear Wall with Rectangular and Octagonal Openings
Authors: Marsono Abdul Kadir , Hatami Somaieh
Published: March 2015

Reinforced concrete coupled walls are cantilevered shear walls joined by coupling beams and are used in high-rise apartment for many years. Rectangular openings are the most common shape of openings used in shear wall in order to provide doors, windows, entrance to car park areas and elevators or staircases. Behavior of coupling beams affect the strength of coupled walls. This research suggests adding haunches to the corners of rectangular openings and form octagonal openings as a method to increase the strength of coupling beams. The experimental results of shear wall with single band of rectangular and octagonal openings are compared in terms of behavior of coupling beams under cyclic load. The results demonstrate that the coupling beams in shear wall with octagonal openings are stronger than coupling beams in shear wall with rectangular openings.
Determining the Causes of Delay by Using Factor Analysis in Tehran’s Construction Projects
Authors: Rafieizonooz Mahdi , Salim Mohd Razman , Khankhaje Elnaz , Warid Hussin Mohd , Zarebidaki Ali , Salmiati Salmiati
Published: March 2015

Construction industry is one of the most profitable sectors in Iran’s economic. Delay is common problem in the construction projects in Iran. By considering all viewpoints of the parties, this research identified the most effective and severe causes of delay in construction projects in the Capital of Iran, Tehran. Questionnaires were distributed among respondents who are involved in the construction project in Tehran. The process of data analysis and discussions were conducted based on the two statistical techniques namely descriptive analysis (RII) and factor analysis. Using factor analysis, most critical factors of Tehran’s construction delay were recognized as: (1) lack of commitment; (2) inefficient site management; (3) poor site coordination; (4) Complexity in heritage and legislation; (5) Lack of estimation skills and skilled workers; (6) Lack of communication between parties; (7) Improper planning; and (8) Lack of clarity in contract. These results are anticipated to be important contributions to construction projects in Tehran in controlling the time overruns in construction contracts.
A Simple Algorithm to Assess Structural Performance by PBSD Method
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad , Abu Bakar Suhaimi
Published: March 2015

In recent decades Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD) is widely used for evaluation of the structural performance because of its capability and simplicity to estimate inelastic response of structure. On the other hand, some times in construction based on architectural decision, size of beams are being decreased. The aim of this attempt is to investigate the effect of beam size on structural behavior based on PBSD method using simple procedure. Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) was implemented using set of RC frames (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 story with three bays) and ETABS2000 to determine the weakness of the frames system due to their reduced beam size. The performance of the frames was measured at Life Safety damage control level.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Filled Epoxy Composite for Improving Mould Performance – A Review
Authors: Mohd Khushairi Mohd Tanwyn , Sharif Safian , Ani Jaafar Sidek Mohd
Published: March 2015

Development of epoxy with filled particles provides an avenue for manufacturing applications in the tooling industries especially in the mould and die industries. The performance of epoxy and fillers as mould materials is greatly dependant on the production quantity and process conditions. Metal and non-metal fillers such as copper, brass, graphite and silicon carbide are blended into the epoxy matrix, altering the mechanical properties, as well as thermal conductivity of the epoxy composite. This review presents the investigation on the effect of varying composition of metal and non-metal fillers on the mechanical properties of epoxy composite. Different mixing ratios are investigated ranging from 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, based on the weight ratio of epoxy resin, hardener and filler material. Previous studies showed that increase in amount of filler increases the hardness and compression strength of epoxy matrix. Adversely, tensile strength shows a detrimental effect with the presence of fillers, whereby increase in metal fillers reduces the tensile strength with increased composition loading from 10% to 40% of weight. Wear rate was found to reduce with the presence of aluminum, alumina and silicon carbide, hence increasing the wear resistance of the epoxy composite.
Environmental Loss Assessment for Gas Pipeline Failure by Considering Localize Factors Using Fuzzy Based Approach
Authors: Norhamimi Mohd Hanafiah , Libriati Z. , Yahaya Nordin , Norhazilan M.N.
Published: March 2015

Consequence assessment is an integral part of risk assessment process. There are many types of consequences loss due to pipeline failure such as assets loss, environmental loss, production loss and human health and safety (HSE) loss. Yet, some of these factors are often neglected in environmental loss assessment such as agricultural, demographic, industrial and local factors. In real life problem solving, the factors of environmental consequence are not assessed precisely due to unquantifiable, deficient and lack of knowledge on the real on-site parameters. These limitations lead to the use of fuzzy-based approaches in environmental consequence assessment using on-site parameters as the main focused on this paper. Even though the basic model can be comparable to other established model, a lot of customization needs to be carried out network-wise, based on the carried products by the pipeline, locally applicable regulations and geographical surroundings. Knowledge of local conditions, past history and experience of similar incidents, are required to be considered and incorporated to provide a realistic picture of environmental consequence model. The damage area of the incident is calculated using ALOHA software by considering the details of the site such as atmospheric and topography condition. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to a case study on high consequences areas of buried gas pipeline site in Malaysia to generate the environmental consequences index represented in each selected sites. The result can be utilized to determine the overall consequences loss using appropriate simulation analysis.
Sulphate Reduction Control to Enhance Methane Composition in Anaerobic Digester
Authors: Yaacob Syahrul Syazwan , Sabri A. , Yuzir A.
Published: March 2015

The aim of this research is to investigate addition of iron (ferric chloride) to control of sulphate reduction in order to enhance the methane production under laboratory scale. The bioreactor Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) undergoes continuous operation under anaerobic condition treating synthetic sulphate enriched wastewater. The wastewater used as influent wastewater with a total COD 8000 mg.L-1. The experiment was conducted for about 64 days and was operated at constant OLR of 2.0(±0.1) kgCOD.m-3.d-1 by maintaining a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 days. The UASB then were feed with sulphate and give the COD/SO4 ratio 5.3, 2.5 and 1.5. Then amount of ferric chloride at 10.4, 22.2 and 44.5 mM was introduce just after methane producing bacteria (MPB) were completely inhibited by sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) due to decreasing of methane composition (CH4) and high level production of hydrogen sulphide (H2S). The obtained results showed that the FeCl3 negatively impacted the anaerobic digestion process since with each of COD/SO42- ratio, and the amount addition of ferric chloride to feed regime, gives promotion on methane production, with 67, 70 and 69% after approximately 10 to 15 days operating at critical conditions.
Removal of Bisphenol A (BPA) in Surface Water by Ozone Oxidation Process
Authors: Ahmad N.A. , Yuzir M.A. , Yong E.L. , Abdullah Norhayati , Salim Mohd Razman
Published: March 2015

The removal of Bisphenol A in river water can be accomplished with the application of ozone. Ozone is widely used to disinfect drinking water due to its strong oxidizing properties. This study was conducted to investigate the removal of Bisphenol A in different areas of Skudai River. Batch experiments were conducted at initial Bisphenol A concentration of 0.5 mg L-1. The concentrations of Bisphenol A and dissolved ozone were measured using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) and UV-Visible spectrophotometer respectively. Based on the results obtained the stability of ozone in the water were very fast. Ozonewas quickly decomposed in water samples. The results indicated that the depletion of ozone varied from different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) value of water samples. Concentration of dissolved ozone was reducing rapidly after spiked into high DOC value (9.17 mg L-1) of river water. The results of the study have shown that ozonation could be used to effectively remove the Bisphenol A from water. The ozone depletions in river water at 120 seconds were about 87%-99%.
Identification of Biodegradation Related Genes from Bacterial Consortium NAR-2
Authors: Nasiri Rozita , Hamzehalipour Almaki Javad , Sheibani Esfarjani Sara , Far Chan Giek , Abdul Rashid Noor Aini
Published: March 2015

In this study, PCR amplification of biodegradation related genes from NAR-2 bacterial consortium was accomplished. NAR-2 bacterial consortium consists of Citrobacter freundii A1, Enterococcus casseliflavus C1 and Enterobacter cloacae L17. The amplified genes were sequenced, bioinformatically analyzed and compared with the sequences from GenBank database of National Centre of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using BLASTn and BLASTp search tools. The assembled sequences represented almost >70% of similarity to biodegradation related genes. These genes may act as a key intermediate enzyme in biodegradation pathway.
Synthesis of Palm Oil Based Polyol via Glycerolysis and Transamidation Reactions for Polyurethane Foam Production
Authors: Abdul Halim Khairul Azhar , Soloi Sabrina , Majid Rohah A.
Published: March 2015

s. Renewable sources like vegetable oil have been used to prepare many polymeric resins due to the awareness on environmental issue and depletion on petrochemical sources. In polyurethane (PU) production, petroleum based polyol such as polypropylene glycol (PPG) has been replaced with plant based polyol from canola oil, soybean oil and palm oil. However, prior to be used, these vegetable oil needs to be modify chemically or physically in order to increase their functionality. In this study, palm oil (PO) has been modify via glyceroylsis and transamidation before reacted with diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) at 1:1 NCO:OH ratio in the presence of distilled water as blowing agent and silicone surfactant as foam stabilizer to produce palm oil based PU foam. FTIR study of polyol from both routes shows that main hydroxyl group (-OH) have been successfully introduced into palm oil molecular structure. It was also found that the hardness of two routes have nearly similar values which were shore D 33.6 and 35.4 respectively. Both foams have potential to be used in many non-load bearing applications such as insulator in building or electrical appliances.
Economic Impacts of Introducing a New Low Carbon City in Johor Bahru, Malaysia - A CGE Modelling Approach
Authors: Khanam Shamsunnahar , Noor M.J.M.M. , Mohamed Zamri , Miyata Yuzuru
Published: March 2015

The Johor Bahru metropolitan area is an industrial and commercial hotspot in the region and almost any significant industrial brand has a branch here. However, the effectiveness of good and effective industrial policy has never been quantified to integrate economy and environment. Taking into account the idea ‘think globally, act locally’, with an emphasis on economy, environment integration, and introducing a Low Carbon City, by building a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, this study successfully examined the economic impacts of new production and the usefulness of economic measure based on the simulated macroeconomic and sectoral factors. An input-output (I-O) table and social accounting matrix (SAM) is the cornerstone in designing a CGE model. Lack of input-output table has badly hampered any effects in the arena of CGE modelling in Johor Bahru City. This study, therefore, attempted to utilize the most updated 2005 input-output table of Malaysia to prepare an input-output table of Johor Bahru City along with using several statistics, including the national population census, manufacturing census and commerce census for developing an input-output table for economic analysis. Modelling results showed that the total industrial output including city GDP has increased 0.07% and 0.08% respectively in 2005. Additionally, the decreasing trends of the prices of major commodity products such as solar power( -1.53 %), electric vehicle ( -0.77%) and in cogeneration (-0.32 % ) were observed significant. Thus, new industrial formation and subsidy plan have proven as the most significant contributors. Therefore, the present research suggests to apply this model into Johor Bahru City’s economy to integrate economy and environment in a city named ‘Low Carbon City-JB’.
Traditional vs Technological Based Surveillance on Construction Site: A Review
Authors: Harun Aizul Nahar , Bichard Erik , Nawi M.N.M.
Published: March 2015

The negative impacts of construction activities can be controlled and reduced through identification of environmental aspects and impacts of construction activities, implementation of the mitigation measures and site monitoring on a regular basis e.g through surveillance in the framework of the Environmental Management System (EMS). Continuous improvement efforts towards traditional methods and increased needs for factual information and productivity in the environmental monitoring field have been met with latest innovations in mobile information and sensory technology options. This paper through literature aims to review the characteristic of both traditional and technology based surveillance while highlighting the on how those methods complement each other.
Incident Angle Approach to Sensitivity Enhancement for Ozone Sensor
Authors: David Michael , Marcus Tay Ching En , Yaacob Maslina , Salim Mohd Rashidi , Hussin Nabihah , Ibrahim Mohd Haniff , Idrus Sevia Mahdaliza , Ngajikin Nor Hafizah , Azmi Asrul Izam
Published: March 2015

The design and mathematical model of a reflective type optical gas sensor is presented. Light source is radiated at an incident angle for 10 cm gas cell with an internal diameter of 0.4 cm. At an incident angle of 1o, optical path length obtained is 342.7886 cm, at 27o incident angle, optical path length is 10.4926 cm and at an incident angle of 28o, optical path length is 9.9631 cm. The model is most efficient at lower incident angles, precisely between (1o and 27o). Effects of variation in diameter and length of gas cell are also demonstrated.
Effect of Loading Rate on Indentation Behaviour of Fibre Metal Laminates Based on Kenaf/Epoxy
Authors: Pang Chi Loog , Husain Nurulakmar Abu , Abdullah M.R.
Published: March 2015

Kenaf natural fibre has become the subject of interest for a wide range of engineering sectors due to its biodegradable and outstanding mechanical properties. In this study, the effect of loading rate on the indentation behaviour of fibre metal laminates (FMLs) based on kenaf/epoxy subjected to static indentation loading was investigated. The fibre metal laminates were made of chopped strand mat (CSM) kenaf fibre with epoxy resin composite and 0.6 mm thickness of 1100-O aluminium alloy sheet by using vacuum infusion process (VIP) and hydraulic pressing technique. The experiments were conducted by using a universal testing machine with loading rate of 1 mm/min, 10 mm/min and 100 mm/min. The results of indentation resistance, energy absorption and corresponding indentation failure mechanisms were compared and discussed in this study. For 2/1 FMLs, the maximum contact force increased when the loading rate increased. The loading rate did not affect the indentation failure mechanisms of the 2/1 FMLs. However, for 3/2 FMLs, delamination occurred when the specimens were indented with loading rate of 10 mm/min.
Electro-Hydraulic Actuator System Control via Pole Assignment Controler and Minimum Variance Controller
Authors: Salleh Sazilah , Rahmat Mohd Fua'ad , Othman Siti Marhainis
Published: March 2015

Precise control is necessary in controlling electro-hydraulic actuator system (EHAS). However due to its nonlinearities and uncertainties, controlling hydraulic actuator system had become a challenging task that need to be solved. A proper controller can be designed when an accurate model of a system is defined. In this paper, the process to obtain an EHAS system’s model by using system identification approached is presented. System identification is chosen because this technique only requires input and output data from system in order to obtain system model. An ARX model is chosen as a model structure for EHAS. A pole assignment controller and minimum variance controller (MVC) is later been designed based on the obtained model. The simulation result shows that both controllers manage to regulate at the desired input signal. However MVC controller prove to provide a better output performance compared to pole assignment controller by minimizing the phase lagging and having a better rise time.
Feasibility, Flexibility and Sensitivity Tests on Delta Temperature Minimum to Obtain Operable and Flexible Heat Exchanger Network
Authors: Abu Bakar Suraya Hanim , Hamid Mohd Kamaruddin Abd , Wan Alwi Sharifah Rafidah , Manan Zainuddin Abdul
Published: March 2015

This paper explains about the controllability effect on delta temperature minimum (ΔTmin) in order to get flexible and operable heat exchanger network (HEN). There are many researches based on design and cost effect to ΔTmincontribution. However, there are lacks of study on how the ΔTmineffect to controllability of HENs. Therefore, this paper focuses on controllability analysis of different HENs design based on ΔTmincontribution. There are six HEN designs were obtained from different ΔTminvalues such as 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C and 50°C and has been analyzed. The analysis consists of three different controllability tests which are feasibility, flexibility and sensitivity. Feasibility test is used to check either the HEN design is feasible or not. Next, the feasible HEN design is then analyzed in terms of flexibility. The flexibility test is used to calculate the design flexibility in terms of how much the percentage the design can handle under uncertainties. Lastly is to test the process sensitivity with respect to disturbance changes. Throughout the controllability tests, several options for control structure were built and analyzed. A simple HEN case study was used to analyze the controllability.
Effect of Chitosan-Grafted-Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Content on Mechanical Properties and Thermal Degradation of Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Composites
Authors: Abu Bakar Aznizam , Abdul Aziz Nur Azmyra , Hassan Azman , Azmi Nurhusna
Published: March 2015

The graft copolymerization was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere using the free radical initiation technique. The blend formulations were first dry blended using a mixer before being milled into sheets on a two-roll mill at 170°C, and then hot pressed into composites specimens at 175°C for 10 min. The objective of this study to investigate the mechanical and thermal properties of PVC blends. The flexural strength and modulus of ungrafted composites increased with increasing filler content from 2 to 10 part per hundred resin (phr) while the grafted composites also increased only from 2 to 6 phr filler content. The flexural modulus of ungrafted was higher compared to the grafted composites whereas the grafted showed good flexural strength than ungrafted composites. The impact strength of both composites decreased with increasing filler content but the ungrafted composites showed good toughness than grafted composites. The thermal stability of both composites increased compared to unfilled PVC.
Fuzzy Logic System in Quantifying Human Driving Skill for Human Adaptive Mechatronics
Authors: Ishak Mohamad Hafis Izran , Aziz A.W.A. , Kasai M.F.A.M.
Published: March 2015

Human Adaptive Mechatronic (HAM) is an enhance system for Human Machine System (HMS). Instead of one-way relationship between human and machine, HAM system provides two-way relationship between human and machine in order to assist human and to improve human skills in operating the machine. Driving a car is an example of applications where HAM system can be applied. One of the problems of HAM is to quantify the human skill for operating the machine. Therefore, this paper proposed a method to quantify human driving skill using Fuzzy Logic System (FLS). In order to get the best design of FLS for quantifying human driving skill, twelve designs of FLS were designed and tested using computer simulation software. The best design from all twelve designs is then been compared with other method of quantifying human skill for verification. Results show that the design of membership functions for input and output have big impact to the accuracy of the output.
Electrical Vehicles: A Blessing or Challenge for Smart Grid in Presence of Renewable Energy Resources
Authors: Zareen Naila , Mustafa Mohd Wazir , Azriyenni Azriyenni
Published: March 2015

Environment deterioration, energy shortage and ever rising fuel price makes green transportation a necessity. Being an alternative to fossil fuels vehicles, Electric Vehicles (EVs) exemplify the most popular approach of electrification to a substantial portion of the transportation sector. Recently, usage of renewable energy resources (RERs) is also increased because of its economic and environmental concerns over traditional resources in the new electric power systems. Variable reliability aspects of RERs increase the complexity of safe and stable operation of grid. Therefore, EV will further increase this uncertainty and variability when being connected randomly to the grid in large scale. This paper not only highlights the EV’s related challenges/issues and presents a brief comprehensive review of recent researches. But, also demonstrates a simulation methodology for analyzing the impact of EVs under various charging scenarios on an independent distribution grid in presence of RERs. The results show the creation of new peak loads which in some cases may exceed the grid capacity and threaten the stability and reliability.
Performance Comparison between Dry and Nitrogen Gas Cooling when Turning Hardened Tool Steel with Coated Carbide
Authors: Elshwain Amad Elddein Issa , Handawi Mohamed , Redzuan Norizah , Noordin M.Y. , Kurniawan Denni
Published: March 2015

Dry machining has been successfully used in several machining applications with different cutting tools and workpiece materials due to its environmental friendliness. Dry hard turning has become an alternative machining process to grinding due to its ability to increase material removal rate, reduce production costs, and enhance of material properties. However, hard turning has several issues such as high temperatures at the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces which are affecting negatively on the surface integrity of the machined parts. Using conventional cutting fluids can improve machining performance by reducing the temperature in the cutting area. However, conventional cutting fluids have some issues such as pollution, hazard on operator, high cost, and corrosion for machine tool and workpiece. All these issues related to applications of conventional cutting fluids have encouraged the researchers to look up for another alternative cooling technique in machining operation. Cooling gas has been explored as one of the alternative cooling techniques. The present paper studies the effect of applying nitrogen gas on surface roughness and tool life under different cutting parameters (cutting speed of 100, 135, and 170 m/min, feed of 0.16, 0.2, and 0.24 mm/rev, with constant depth of cut of 0.2 mm) for hard turning of stainless steel (hardness of 48 HRC) using coated carbide tools. Results showed that better surface finish and longer tool life were achieved by using nitrogen gas coolant condition compared to dry cutting.
Comparison on Section Properties and Flexural Behaviour for Cold-Formed Steel Built-Up Section
Authors: Lee Yeong Huei , Mohammad Shahrin , Lee Yee Ling
Published: March 2015

This paper performs analytical and experimental investigation on the section properties of locally produced cold-formed steel sections. Effective width method given by BS EN1993-1-3 is used to calculate the section properties for two slender cold-formed steel channel sections, namely KS200C20 and KS250C20. Local buckling and distortional buckling are taken into account in the calculation. Effective width method has significantly reduced the full sectional area and thus gives a relative lower value for the sectional resistance of cold-formed steel channel sections. The analytical results is compared to manufacturer’s data and differences of not more than 3.37% is recorded. Experimental study on the flexural behaviour on the two types of cold-formed steel channel sections is carried out. The results show that BS EN1993-1-3 has good agreement with experimental results for flexural resistance that included local and distortional buckling consideration. It is concluded that effective width method by BS EN1993-1-3 is suitable to calculate the section properties of of locally produced cold-formed steel channel sections.
CFD Simulation of Air Temperature inside a Bus Passenger Compartment
Authors: Ahmad Shafie Noor Emilia , Mohamed Kamar Haslinda , Kamsah Nazri
Published: March 2015

Good ventilation is important for passenger for sufficient supply of fresh air during commuting in a bus. Insufficient fresh air causes feeling of uncomfortable to passenger and affects passenger’s health. Airborne transmission disease, headache and respiratory allergies are the usual health symptoms. This paper presents the CFD study of air flow inside a bus passenger compartment. The objective is to estimate the temperature level at the diffuser, seat and floor locations of the bus passenger compartment. Two conditions of airflow velocity at the supply diffuser were examined, namely 2.7 m/s and 3.1 m/s. A CFD Fluent software was employed to develop and meshed a simplified 3D model of a quarter section of a bus passenger compartment. Air velocity and temperature boundary conditions were prescribed on the model based on the actual data obtained from field measurement. Turbulent flow analyses were carried out using standard k-ε model to visualize the air flow distribution inside the compartment. The results show that the velocity distribution is uniform when the diffuser air velocity is 3.1 m/s. When the diffuser air velocity is 3.1 m/s the air temperature of the seat area was decreased by 0.3°C. The air temperature inside the cabin can be maintained uniform at 23°C when diffuser air velocity was fixed at 3.1 m/s.
A Study about Single-Photon Transport Controlled by the Three-Level Atom in the Optical Waveguide Cavity
Authors: Tian Wei
Published: March 2015

Through researching we can draw two conclusions. One conclusion is controlling the symmetric and asymmetric atomic - photon coupling interaction is a good way to control the transmission spectrum of incident light. Another conclusion is that multi-frequency photon attenuator can be controlled by asymmetric atomic - photon coupling interaction.
Study on the Interaction Law between the Shape Parameters and Permanent-Magnetic Adhesive Force of Railway Permanent-Magnetic Track Brake Equipment
Authors: Wu Xin Yu , Lu Xiao Shan , Zuo Jian Yong
Published: March 2015

This paper systematically analyzes the interaction law on how the shape parameters of brake magnet yoke affect the magnetic field distribution and the permanent-magnetic attraction by means of parameterized finite element numerical calculations based on the basic principles of train permanent track brake device and the mathematic model of permanent-magnetic attraction [1]. It is found: the permanent-magnetic attraction decreases with the increase of the width of rotor partition board and maximum value of the attraction appears at 16-20nm; the attraction slowly increases along with the increment of slipper chamfering but will decrease when the magnetic induction intensity of the material is saturated; the increase of the rotating angle of rotational magnetic axis leads to decrease of permanent-magnetic attraction; the vertical air gap between permanent-magnetic track brake and steel rail will make the attraction dramatically drop; and the slipper wear almost has little impact on the attraction. The shape parameters of magnetic track brake should be optimized in design by considering the permanent-magnetic attraction so that the efficiency of the brake can be brought into full play.
Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient on Shape Memory Alloy Actuatorunder Various Ambient Temperatures with Finite Difference Method
Authors: Jani Jaronie Mohd , Huang Sunan , Leary Martin , Subic Aleksandar
Published: March 2015

The demand for shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators for technical applications is steadily increasing; however SMA may have poor deactivation time due to relatively slow convective cooling. Convection heat transfer mechanism plays a critical role in the cooling process, where an increase of air circulation around the SMA actuator (i.e. forced convection) provides a significant improvement in deactivation time compared to the natural convection condition. The rate of convective heat transfer, either natural or forced, is measured by the convection heat transfer coefficient, which may be difficult to predict theoretically due to the numerous dependent variables. In this work, a study of free convective cooling of linear SMAactuators was conducted under various ambient temperatures to experimentally determine the convective heat transfer coefficient. A finite difference equation (FDE) was developed to simulate SMA response, and calibrated with the experimental data to obtain the unknown convectiveheat transfer coefficient,h. These coefficients are then compared with the available theoretical equations, and it was found that Eisakhaniet.almodel provides good agreement with the Experiment-FDE calibrated results. Therefore, FDE is reasonably useful to estimate the convective heat transfer coefficient of SMA actuator experiments under various conditions, with a few identified limitations (e.g. exclusion of other associative heat transfer factors).
Theoretical Investigation in an Artificial Hip Joint under Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
Authors: Wongseedakaew Khanittha
Published: March 2015

This paper describes the transient analysis of artificial hip joint during human movement under elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) with non-Newtonian lubricants based on a Carreau model. During walking, the load and velocity are varying with time. The numerical schemes employed perturbation method, Newton-Raphson method and multi-grid multilevel with full approximation technique to solve the time-dependent modified Reynolds equation and elasticity equation with initial conditions. The aim of this study was investigated the characteristics of elastohydrodynamic lubrication, profile of film pressure and film thickness profile in human artificial hip joint during human movement. Numerical results show the transient film thicknessincreased and then decreased because of reverse motion. In smooth surface condition, film thickness for Newtonian fluids is slightly higher than the film thickness for non-Newtonian fluid. The amplitude of surface roughness has significant effect on the film thickness,the minimum film thickness decreased when the amplitude of surface roughness increases.
The Design and Implementation of the Power Distribution Unit in Campus Intelligent Computer Room
Authors: Wu Mei Mei
Published: March 2015

This paper described a kind of designation method to the power distribution system in the modern computer room .Compared with the traditional power supply socket, The Power Distribution Unit (PDU) with these functions whichcan monitor the RMS current and voltage, line frequency ,energy usage ,load limitation and the relay controlling to current leak ,over load or over current etc., There also has the wired RS-485and reserved the wireless WIFI interfaces in the PDU through which the working conditionsof equipment in the computer room can be connected and monitored by administrator at any time and place.
Design and Implementation of the Firewall Policy Audit Based on Improved Policy Tree
Authors: Chu Jie , Li Zhao
Published: March 2015

Firewall plays an important role in today's network security, and its rule configuration is reasonable or not directly related to the security of network environment. With the increasing size of the network, firewall configurations are becoming increasingly complex, and the firewall policy audit should be born in order to better play the protective properties of the firewall. Firstly, this paper studies the relationship between firewall rules in detail, analyzes some common types of rules abnormal of audit programs and reviews existing policies. Next, this paper proposes a improved audit program based on the tree structure, discusses and achieves the audit process of the program in detail. Finally, this paper shows a graphical reports and detailed audit findings of the prototype system, and does a comparison and verification between the results of the improved audit program and the traditional strategy tree.
Collaborative Filtering Algorithm for Recommendation System of Improvement Based on Big Data Environment
Authors: Li Shi Jin , He Wa Te , Wang Xi Bing , Shi Ting
Published: March 2015

With the rapid development of Internet and information technology, the exponential growth of information has attracted a lot of concern thesedays. Big data processing is particularly important. Recommendation system appears a good solution inadequacies of search engines, it is in addition based on keywords entered by the user to obtain information, but also with the user's social circle, as well as search history records, for users personalized recommendations services, and to establish a long and constant user interaction relations, not only improve customer loyalty, but also for the producers to create a good and reliable information platform for big data processing to achieve a win-win.
An Embedded Control System for CPT Based on ARM9
Authors: Chen Xiao Juan , Sun Yue
Published: March 2015

Hardware design and programming of an embedded control system for CPT (Contactless Power Transfer) is proposed in this paper. Embedded control system for CPT is realized based on ARM9 chip, Linux operating system and MiniGUI graphic technology.
Process Dependence of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties for Al-Fe Based Bulk Alloys
Authors: Jung Taek Kyun , Choi Ho Joon , Shin Young Chul , Lee Hyo Soo , Kwon Hyouk Chon
Published: March 2015

In this work, a comparative study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-8Fe based bulk alloys fabricated by three different rapid solidification methods and subsequent hot extrusion was carried out. Spray forming, gas atomization, and melt spinning methods were used as techniques for rapid solidification having various cooling rates. Equiaxed grains containing Al-Fe, Al-Fe-(Mo, V), and Al-Zr phase particles were characterized. The yield strength of the melt spun and extruded specimen was estimated to approximately 800 MPa at room temperature, a value which is roughly 1.5 times higher than that obtained for the atomized and extruded specimen and roughly 2.5 times higher than for the spray formed and extruded specimen. The higher strength of the melt spun and extruded specimen originated from a finer microstructure compared to the atomized and extruded specimen and the spray formed and extruded specimen.
Development of Titanium Based Biocompatible Materials with Controlled Porosity
Authors: Kvíčala Miroslav , Štamborská Michaela , Drápala Jaromír
Published: March 2015

This paper is dedicated to the development and optimization of the porous titanium materials suitable for biomedical usage in traumatology. Main aim of the presented research activities is focused on preparation of biocompatible titanium based materials with controlled porosity. It was found that titanium specimens with total porosity approximately 40 % revealed mechanical properties very similar to those of human cortical bone. Two-layer specimens with controlled porosity were prepared and tested by electron microscopy for post-sintering cracks. All tested specimens with controlled porosity were cracks free. Future works will include preparation of geometrically more complicated shapes, machining andin vitrocells proliferation testing.
Removal of Natural Dyes from Tie Dye Effluent by Coagulation Process
Authors: Mekhum Witthaya , Kreetachat Torpong , Suwannahong Kowit , Tarasawatpipat Chaisri
Published: March 2015

The aim of this research was to find the efficiency ways to treat wastewater from dye tie dye technique by using an effective wastewater treatment system and find out how to implant the technology of the waste water treatment system to help the problems of the community activities which the tie-dye fabric were the major product of their area. The wastewater from the tie-dye industry were collected and were treated with physical, chemistry and biological treatment by using local materials such as sea shell, alum and clay in a laboratory scale. The data from the treatment were used in the designing the small scale water treatment and apply to the study area. Moreover, the treatment technique knowledge will transfer to the community and establish guidelines for community Wastewater treatment. The COD of wastewater from the dying materials of Bark of Xylocarpus granatum, Bark of Sea almond and Bark of Ebony tree seed were 479.2, 428.5, and 564.2 mg/l, respectively. The water quality were improved better up to 83.61% after were treated with the treatment technique. The satisfaction of the community that participate in the training, technology transfer and adoption of guidelines for therapists to use in the community were found that 86 percent had gained the knowledge in wastewater treatment, 95 percent were satisfied and 85 percent of knowledge were benefit to the community, respectively.
Modeling of Physical Subsystem Using an Example of Electromagnetic Exciter of Low-Frequency Oscillations
Authors: Tumanov Issakul , Orynbayev Seitzhan , Baibutanov Birzhan , Kruglikov Alexey , Kacejko Piotr
Published: March 2015

This work is devoted to modeling of physical subsystem, considering an electromagnetic exciter of low-frequency oscillations (EME LFO) as it, which is a classic example of an electromechanical system. For the simulation of electromagnetic exciter of low frequencies Simscape was chosen. Based on the principle of operation (reciprocating motion due to the configuration of the resonance circuit), and the structure of the apparatus, there is detected the operation character with several types of energy conversion: electrical to magnetic and magnetic to mechanical. And the main requirement to the developed model is the conservation of energy and power under the corresponding transformations.
TLC-FID and GC-MS Analysis of Tars Generated by Oil Sand Pyrolysis at Different Temperature
Authors: He De Min , Nie Fan , Guan Jun , Hu Hao Quan , Zhang Qiu Min
Published: March 2015

Tars generated by oil sand pyrolysis at different temperature in a fixed bed reactor were studied through TLC-FID and GC-MS. Compared to the raw oil sand extracts, pyrolysis could reduce the asphaltenes of oil which is benefit for storage, transport and further utilization. The temperature of pyrolysis affects not only product yield but also its composition. Analyzed together by TLC-FID and GC-MS, groups of tars at different temperature were identified. It was found higher temperature would strengthen the condensation reactions revealing increasing of cycloalkanes, indenes and PAHs increased with raising temperature. There was also a great amount of benzothiophenes which may generated by the decomposition of oil sand bitumen or aromatization of ring sulfides. That mainly contributed to the high content of resin in the tars.
Crude Oil Price and Fuel Ethanol Firm Profit
Authors: Li Jian Hua
Published: March 2015

This paper analyzes the relationship between crude oil price and fuel ethanol firm profit. Corn is the main raw material for fuel ethanol in China. According to our survey of fuel ethanol firms, three tons of corn input can produce one ton of fuel ethanol output technically, so we can estimate cost of fuel ethanol firms. Government of some provinces mandated gasoline with 10% ethanol fuel for environmental protection. Sinopec and PetroChina paid to the fuel ethanol firms in accordance with 0.911 times of gasoline price, so we can estimate earnings. Government can determine the subsidies of fuel ethanol firms based on estimation of their profit.
Service Restoration of Smart Distribution System
Authors: Huang Xiao Yun , Peng Fei Jin , Huang Hong Yuan , Xie Zhi Wen
Published: March 2015

Abstract: On the condition of protecting the critical load, it is necessary to restore the service of outage area without fault as soon as possible after the occurrence of fault in smart distribution system. A fast service restoration method is proposed for medium-voltage distribution system with distributed generations, which combines intentional islanding of DGs for network reconfiguration. Under the condition of safety limits, the out of service areas are achieved maximization of restoration, making full use of DGs. The whole process of restoration is regarded as a multi-stages decision problem, and divided into four stages. Compared to the existing algorithms, this method can effectively avoid the time-consuming and search results problems, and the simulation results are better. The effectiveness and practicality of the propose approach is demonstrated by simulations on a PG&E 69-nodes system with DGs.