bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation among isolated teratozoospermia, sperm DNA fragmentation and markers of systemic inflammation in primary infertile men
Authors: Candela Luigi , Boeri Luca , Capogrosso Paolo , Cazzaniga Walter , Pozzi Edoardo , Belladelli Federico , Baudo Andrea , Ravizzoli Andrea , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Viganò Paola , Alfano Massimo , Abbate Costantino , Cornelius Julian , Mattei Agostino , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea
Published: June 2021

Aim

To assess the prevalence of isolated teratozoospermia (iTZS) in a cohort of infertile and fertile men; explore the relationship between iTZS, inflammatory parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index (SDF) in the same cohort.

Materials and methods

1824 infertile men and 103 fertile controls. Semen analysis, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and serum hormones were investigated. DFI was tested in infertile men only. According to 2010 WHO semen analysis, patients were categorized in 3 sub-groups of isolated sperm defects: isolated oligozoospermia (iOZS), isolated asthenozoospermia (iAZS) and iTZS. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models tested the association between clinical variables and inflammatory markers.

Results

Among infertile men, iAZS, iTZS, and iOZS were found in 13.9%, 11.9% and 4.1% participants, respectively. iTZS was found in 37 (35.9%) fertile men. Infertile men with iTZS had higher NLR values than those with iOZS, iAZS and men with normal semen parameters (all p<0.001). FSH and LH were higher and inhibin B lower in iOZS infertile men compared to all other groups (p≤0.001). Hormonal characteristics were similar between iTZS infertile and fertile men. Similarly, iTZS infertile men had higher SDF than all other groups (all p<0.001). Infertile men with iTZS had higher NLR values than fertile men with iTZS (p<0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that, in infertile men, iTZS was associated with SDF and NLR (all p≤0.01).

Conclusions

iTZS was found in 11.9% of infertile men but it was even more prevalent in fertile controls. Infertile men with iTZS had higher NLR than fertile controls and increased SDF values than infertile participant with iAZS, iOZS, or normal semen parameters. No differences in hormonal characteristics were found between infertile and fertile men with iTZS.
Biogeographical patterns and speciation of the genus Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) inferred by phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Shimai Hiro , Setoguchi Hiroaki , Roberts David L. , Sun Miao
Published: June 2021

Earlier phylogenetic studies in the genusPinguicua(Lentibulariaceae) suggested that the species within a geographical region was rather monophyletic, although the sampling was limited or was restricted to specific regions. Those results conflicted with the floral morphology-based classification, which has been widely accepted to date. In the current study, one nuclear ribosomal DNA (internal transcribed spacer; ITS) and two regions of chloroplast DNA (matKandrpl32-trnL), from up to ca. 80% of the taxa in the genusPinguicula, covering all three subgenera, were sequenced to demonstrate the inconsistency and explore a possible evolutionary history of the genus. Some incongruence was observed between nuclear and chloroplast topologies and the results from each of the three DNA analyses conflicted with the morphology-based subgeneric divisions. Both the ITS tree and network, however, corresponded with the biogeographical patterns of the genus supported by life-forms (winter rosette or hibernaculum formation) and basic chromosome numbers (haploidy). The dormant strategy evolved in a specific geographical region is a phylogenetic constraint and a synapomorphic characteristic within a lineage. Therefore, the results denied the idea that the Mexican group, morphologically divided into the three subgenera, independently acquired winter rosette formations. Topological incongruence among the trees or reticulations, indicated by parallel edges in phylogenetic networks, implied that some taxa originated by introgressive hybridisation. Although there are exceptions, species within the same geographical region arose from a common ancestor. Therefore, the classification by the floral characteristics is rather unreliable. The results obtained from this study suggest that evolution within the genusPinguiculahas involved; 1) ancient expansions to geographical regions with gene flow and subsequent vicariance with genetic drift, 2) acquirement of a common dormant strategy within a specific lineage to adapt a local climate (i.e., synapomorphic characteristic), 3) recent speciation in a short time span linked to introgressive hybridisation or multiplying the ploidy level (i.e., divergence), and 4) parallel evolution in floral traits among lineages found in different geographical regions (i.e., convergence). As such, the floral morphology masks and obscures the phylogenetic relationships among species in the genus.
Central auditory maturation and behavioral outcomes after cochlear implantation in prelingual auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder related to OTOF variants (DFNB9): Lessons from pilot study
Authors: Lee Sang-Yeon , Han Jin Hee , Song Hoo-Kang , Kim Namju Justin , Yi Nayoung , Kyong Jeong-Sug , Choi Byung Yoon
Published: June 2021

The cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP)-based P1 component acts as a biomarker for cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). To date, early intervention primarily before the age of two years and six months of CI usage is necessary and sufficient to achieve age-appropriate cortical maturation and good prognosis. However, varying degrees of neural dyssynchrony, resulting from the etiological heterogeneity of ANSD, may preclude uniform application of this hypothesis to ensure auditory cortical maturation. Thus, a focused evaluation of those carryingOTOFvariants, which may be the salient molecular etiology of prelingual ANSD, would circumvent the issue of heterogeneity. Here, we sought to provide a much better understanding of the brain perspectives (i.e., P1 maturation) inOTOF-associated ANSD subjects and set the stage for an optimal strategy to enhance language development. We conducted a preliminary study comprising 10 subjects diagnosed withOTOF-related ANSD who underwent CI by a single surgeon and subsequently underwent measurements of the P1 component. We observed that DFNB9 subjects who received CI after 2 years of age exhibited “absent” or “anomalous” P1 components that correspond to delayed language development. However, timely implantation, as early as 12 months of ageper se, might be insufficient to achieve age-appropriate cortical maturation of DFNB9 in cases with six to seven months of device use. This suggests the importance of sustained rehabilitation in DFNB9 than in other etiologies. Indeed, an additional follow-up study showed that a reduction in P1 latency was linked to an improvement in auditory performance. Collectively, our results suggest that central auditory maturation and successful outcome of CI in DFNB9 may have more demanding requirements, that is, earlier implantation and more sustained rehabilitation. We believe that the current study opens a new path toward genome-based neuroimaging in the field of hearing research.
Feasibility of deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 3-O-Methylglucose at 7 Tesla
Authors: Hartmann Benedikt , Müller Max , Seyler Lisa , Bäuerle Tobias , Wilferth Tobias , Avdievitch Nikolai , Ruhm Loreen , Henning Anke , Lesiv Alexei , Ivashkin Pavel , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M.
Published: June 2021

Deuterium Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (DMRS) is a non-invasive technique that allows the detection of deuterated compounds in vivo. DMRS has a large potential to analyze uptake, perfusion, washout or metabolism, since deuterium is a stable isotope and therefore does not decay during biologic processing of a deuterium labelled substance. Moreover, DMRS allows the distinction between different deuterated substances. In this work, we performed DMRS of deuterated 3-O-Methylglucose (OMG). OMG is a non-metabolizable glucose analog which is transported similar to D-glucose. DMRS of OMG was performed in phantom and in vivo measurements using a preclinical 7 Tesla MRI system. The chemical shift (3.51 ± 0.1 ppm) and relaxation times were determined. OMG was injected intravenously and spectra were acquired over a period of one hour to monitor the time evolution of the deuterium signal in tumor-bearing rats. The increase and washout of OMG could be observed. Three different exponential functions were compared in terms of how well they describe the OMG washout. A mono-exponential model with offset seems to describe the observed time course best with a time constant of 1910 ± 770 s and an offset of 2.5 ± 1.2 mmol/l (mean ± std, N = 3). Chemical shift imaging could be performed with a voxel size of 7.1 mm x 7.1 mm x 7.9 mm. The feasibility of DMRS with deuterium labelled OMG could be demonstrated. These data might serve as basis for future studies that aim to characterize glucose transport using DMRS.
‘Opening the door’: An authentic approach to decolonizing arts education in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Feast Luke , Vogels Christina
Published: June 2021

Educators in universities in Aotearoa/New Zealand have the responsibility to ‘live and model’ the principles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi. However, tertiary education has often treated the principles in an inauthentic way. There are few courses in art, design and communication in New Zealand that integrate the principles authentically. This article showcases features of a course – Mahitahi | Collaborative Practices – that engages with Te Tiriti principles by teaching collaboration from te ao Māori (the Māori world). Our findings draw from a focus group we conducted with academic staff who taught into a pilot iteration of the course. Three central themes emerged from the focus group relating to the issue of decolonizing arts education. First, that regardless of the educators’ intentions to design a course that privileges te ao Māori, the features of Aotearoa/New Zealand’s colonial reality are still present. Second, the students’ primary learning activity was principled reflection, where they successfully engaged with te ao Māori in an authentic way. Third, students’ connection to te ao Māori was jeopardized by designing part of the assessment that took on a Pākehā (non-Māori) world-view. Consequently, students may have missed the opportunity to engage more fully with educative experiences relating to lifelong learning. We argue that to maintain an authentic connection to te ao Māori, the curriculum should be consistently designed around principles embedded in Te Tiriti o Waitangi.
Whose futures need crafting? A collaborative evaluation of the British Council/Crafts Council Crafting Futures 5K grant scheme
Authors: Kelly Rachel , Fruebing Sandra
Published: June 2021

Sandra Fruebing and Rachel Kelly were recipients of 2018–19 British Council/Crafts Council Crafting Futures 5k grants. A dialogue between Fruebing and Kelly started when they both returned from their project work in Egypt and the Philippines respectively. Both participants related their experiences through their conversations and this led them to discuss and reflect through regular online exchanges stretching from 2019 to 2020. They both are now considering how their experiences of working with marginalized craft communities have become a position from which to consider the role of development in Art & Design Higher Education research and practice. The spectrum of collaboration and companionship that is emerging from their work, both individually and through online meetings and conversations, become like a radio signal, which is tuning and making audible their similar experiences and understandings.
Fees Must Fall: Student Revolt, Decolonisation, and Governance in South Africa, Susan Booysen (ed.) (2016)
Authors: Weston Alia
Published: June 2021

Review of: Fees Must Fall: Student Revolt, Decolonisation, and Governance in South Africa, Susan Booysen (ed.) (2016)

Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 350 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-86814-985-8, p/bk, USD35
Hiburan Masa Lalu dan Tradisi Lokal
Authors:   Alinea, Hutari Fandy
Published: June 2021

“merenovasi” visi sejarah maupun visi kebudayaan manusia Indonesia masa kini dalam melihat masa lalu kita yang kemajemukannya kian jauh tergerus oleh lintasan berbagai sejarah (kolonialisme, modernisme, nasionalisme, globalisasi), dan rapuh untuk terkubur kian jauh dalam kegelapan wilayah masa lalu, cahayanya kian kita curi untuk menguasai “indonesia masa depan
Physical Nature of Strengthening Mechanisms During Extremely Long-Term Operation of Rails
Authors: Ivanov Yu.F. , Yuriev A.A. , Kormyshev V.E. , Chen X. , Kosterev V.B. , Gromov V.E.
Published: June 2021

The quantitative estimation of strengthening mechanisms of rails’ surface layer is carried out on the basis of regularities and formation mechanisms of structure-phase states revealed by the methods of modern physical materials science. It is performed at different depths of the rail head along the central axis and fillet of differentially quenched 100-meter rails after the extremely long-term operation (gross passed tonnage of 1411 mln tons). A long-term operation of rails is accompanied by the formation of structural constituent gradient consisting of a regular change in the relative content of lamellar pearlite, fractured pearlite, the structure of ferrite-carbide mixture, scalar, and excess dislocation density along the cross-section of the rail head. As the distance to the rail fillet surface decreases, the relative content of metal volume with lamellar pearlite decreases. However, the relative content of metal volume with the presence of the fractured pearlite structure and ferrite-carbide mixture increases. The contributions caused by the matrix lattice friction, intraphase boundaries, dislocation substructure, presence of carbide particles, internal stress fields, solid-solution strengthening, pearlite component of steel structure are estimated. It is shown that the main mechanism of strengthening in the surface layer is due to the interaction of moving dislocations with low-angle boundaries of nanometer dimensional fragments and subgrains. The main dislocation strengthening mechanism in a near-surface layer at a depth of 2-10 mm is due to the interaction of moving dislocations with immobile ones.
Eigenvalues of the Ricci Operator on Four-Dimensional Locally Homogeneous (Pseudo)Riemannian Manifolds with a Four-Dimensional Isotropy Subgroup
Authors: Vylegzhanin D.V. , Klepikov P.N. , Khromova O.P.
Published: June 2021

The problem of restoring a (pseudo)Riemannian manifold  from a given Ricci operator was studied in the papers of many mathematicians. This problem was solved by O. Kowalski and S. Nikcevic for the case of three-dimensional locally homogeneous Riemannian manifolds. The work of G. Calvaruso and O. Kowalski contains the answer to the question above for the case of three –dimensional locally homogeneous Lorentzian manifolds.

For the four-dimensional case, similar studies were carried out only in the case of Lie groups with a left-invariant Riemannian metric. The works of A.G. Kremlyov and Yu.G. Nikonorov presented the possible signatures of the eigenvalues of the Ricci operator. However, the question of recovering a four-dimensional Lie group with a left-invariant Riemannian metric from a given Ricci operator remains open.

This paper is devoted to the study of the eigenvalues of the Ricci operator on four-dimensional locally homogeneous (pseudo)Riemannian manifolds with a four-dimensional isotropy subgroup. An algorithm for calculating the eigenvalues of the Ricci operator is presented. A theorem on the restoration of such manifolds from a given Ricci operator is proved. It is established that such possibility can happen only in the case when the prescribed operator is diagonalizable and has a unique eigenvalue of multiplicity four.
Example of Bianchi Transformation of Kuen’s Surface
Authors: Cheshkova М.A. , Pavlova A.A.
Published: June 2021

The work is devoted to the study of the Bianchi transformation for surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature. The surfaces of rotation of constant negative Gaussian curvature are the Minding top, the Minding coil, and the pseudosphere (Beltrami surface). Surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature also include Kuen’s surface and the Dini’s surface. Studying the surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature (pseudospherical surfaces) is of great importance for the interpretation of Lobachevsky planimetry. Geometric characteristics of pseudospherical surfaces are found to be related to the theory of networks, the theory of solitons, nonlinear differential equations, and sin-Gordon equations. The sin-Gordon equation plays an important role in modern physics. Bianchi transformations make it possible to obtain new pseudospherical surfaces from a given pseudospherical surface. The Bianchi transformation for the Kuen’s surface is constructed using a mathematical software package.
Legal issues surrounding the admissibility of electronic evidence in Tanzania
Authors: John Ubena
Published: June 2021

Tanzania has a law governing the admissibility of electronic evidence. This law brought several changes. It provides for the manner in which electronic evidence may be admitted. It also prescribes the requirements for determining the authenticity of electronic evidence. But the law seems to be incomplete and wrong in some instances. It obscures the procedure for laying the foundation of electronic evidence before its admission into evidence. Moreover, it ignores the role of digital evidence professionals in handling electronic evidence. Furthermore, the rulings of the High Court of Tanzania on the authenticity and admissibility of electronic evidence are conflicting. It is suggested that the law ought to provide for a procedure for laying the foundation of electronic evidence, and a digital evidence professional be involved in cases involving electronic evidence.

Index words: Tanzania; electronic evidence; admissibility; legal issues
Low-Grade Endotoxemia and Thrombosis in COVID-19
Authors: Oliva Alessandra , Cammisotto Vittoria , Cangemi Roberto , Ferro Domenico , Miele Maria Claudia , De Angelis Massimiliano , Cancelli Francesca , Pignatelli Pasquale , Venditti Mario , Pugliese Francesco , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Violi Francesco
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Patients with community-acquired pneumonia display enhanced levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) compared with controls, suggesting that low-grade endotoxemia may be implicated in vascular disturbances. It is unknown whether this occurs in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and its impact on thrombotic complications.

METHODS:

We measured serum levels of zonulin, a marker of gut permeability, LPS, and D-dimer in 81 patients with COVID-19 and 81 healthy subjects; the occurrence of thrombotic events in COVID-19 during the intrahospital stay was registered.

RESULTS:

Serum LPS and zonulin were higher in patients with COVID-19 than in control subjects and, in COVID-19, significantly correlated (R = 0.513; P < 0.001). Among the 81 patients with COVID-19, 11 (14%) experienced thrombotic events in the arterial (n = 5) and venous circulation (n = 6) during a median follow-up of 18 days (interquartile range 11–27 days). A logistic regression analysis showed that LPS (P = 0.024) and D-dimer (P = 0.041) independently predicted thrombotic events.

DISCUSSION:

The study reports that low-grade endotoxemia is detectable in patients with COVID-19 and is associated with thrombotic events. The coexistence of low-grade endotoxemia with enhanced levels of zonulin may suggest enhanced gut permeability as an underlying mechanism.

JOURNAL/cltg/04.03/01720094-202106000-00005/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T172516Z/r/image-tiff
Osteoporosis drug treatment after fracture
Authors: Tkacheva Olga N. , Brailova Natalia V. , Dudinskaya Ekaterina N. , Kuznesova Veronika A.
Published: June 2021

The prevalence of osteoporosis, especially among the elderly, is increasing exponentially, leading to an increase in the number of fractures and disability. As a result, new requirements for anti-osteoporotic therapy appear, associated with its influence not only on the remodeling of healthy bone, but also on the acceleration of fracture consolidation. The article provides a brief overview of the effect of various anti-osteoporotic drugs on the healing of bone fractures. An assessment of the consolidating effect of antiresorptive drugs — bisphosphonates and denosumab, and anabolic drug — teriparatide, monoclonal antibodies blocking the protein sclerostin, strontium ranelate is given. The use of antiresorptive drugs did not affect, according to the literature, the slowing down of consolidation after fractures of various parts of the skeleton (hip, vertebrae, distal radius). The introduction of anabolic drugs, in particular teriparatide, is accompanied by faster healing of fractures in comparison with the timing of natural bone regeneration or the intake of bisphosphonates, causing an improvement in the formation of callus. The use of drugs that block sclerostin also increases bone formation and bone strength. Based on the available data, it can be concluded that fractures should not be considered as a contraindication to the use of these drugs and be the reason for the late initiation of drug treatment of osteoporosis.
A NECROESPACIALIDADE NOS CEMITÉRIOS SÃO JOÃO BATISTA E PARQUE DA PAZ EM FORTALEZA - CEARÁ
Authors: da Silva Gleilson Angelo
Published: June 2021

O artigo apresenta a necroespacialidade em dois cemitérios de Fortaleza: São João Batista e Parque da Paz (construídos em épocas diferentes mostram o pensamento da sociedade sobre a morte). O objetivo foi entender como os espaços cemiteriais podem ser considerados como reflexos da produção do próprio espaço urbano. De levantamento bibliográfico à pesquisa de campo o intuito foi evidenciar no real e identificar elementos que embasassem o propósito de reconhece-los como um dos equipamentos mais importantes cidade. Por meio da organização dos túmulos, foi possível identificar elementos característicos que são resultados deste reflexo a partir do século XIX, no qual a cidade passou por grandes transformações que afetaram, sobretudo, estes espaços. Fazendo um paralelo com os processos políticos, econômicos e sociais, aborda não somente o aspecto concreto dos campos santos como a simbologia encontrada nos túmulos, jazigos e mausoléus podendo ser compreendidas como formas simbólicas espaciais.
O CONSUMO DE FLÚOR EM ÁGUAS SUPERFICIAIS E TERRITÓRIOS DE RISCO PARA A SAÚDE HUMANA NA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: Pinese José Paulo Peccinini , De Deus Angela Golono , Da Cunha Lúcio José Sobral , Santos Willian da Silva , Alves João Carlos
Published: June 2021

No Nordeste do Paraná se assinalam teores de fluoretos em águas superficiais de abastecimento público, acima dos recomendáveis para a saúde humana (≥ 0,8 mg/L de F-). Tendo em vista que a ingestão de teores diários de flúor fora do intervalo de 0,6 a 0,8 mg/L de F-, seguindo o rigor da lei brasileira, possibilita a geração de patologias como a cárie e a fluorose, se objetiva nessa investigação apontar localidades onde as concentrações naturais de flúor obtidas em drenagens, delimitem áreas de risco para a saúde humana pela ingestão direta ou fluoretada. Para tanto, duzentas amostras de águas brutas georreferenciadas foram coletadas (2016-2018) em bacias hidrográficas que abastecem a região, sendo todas analisadas quimicamente para flúor através da técnica da Potenciometria Direta (teores até 1,2 mg/L). A espacialização dos dados, indica municípios potencialmente propensos ao risco de fluorose dental cujos picos de teores se alinham na direção SW-NE, como um cinturão de anomalias (Jundiai do Sul, Santo Antônio da Platina e Jacarezinho). Também indicam municípios com risco a cáries. Adicionalmente se constata, que novos levantamentos epidemiológicos e hidrogeoquímicos devam ser realizados, sobretudo em águas subterrâneas, para melhor delimitar a abrangência dos riscos e suportar o planejamento da Saúde Coletiva.
QUE VENHAM OS IMIGRANTES! CRISE POLÍTICA E QUESTÃO IMIGRATÓRIA EM MINAS GERAIS E RIO DE JANEIRO NO ALVORECER DA REPÚBLICA
Authors: Chrysostomo Maria Isabel de Jesus , Santos Higor Mozart Geraldo
Published: June 2021

Discutimos como o clima de instabilidade política, incitado pela crise da lavoura e ascensão política de São Paulo, mobilizou discursos de autoridades fluminenses e mineiras em fins dos oitocentos. Com o intuito de promover a imigração e potencializar os “dons” presentes em suas unidades federativas, os argumentos arrolados assumiram tom geopolítico ao entrelaçar política, território e natureza. A imigração estrangeira converte-se, nesse jogo de representações, em importante arma empunhada para resgatar o prestígio político dos respectivos estados e promover o seu desenvolvimento econômico. Em um primeiro momento, realçamos o papel político das migrações no começo da República com objetivo de assinalar seus efeitos espaciais. Na esteira, problematizamos como Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro forjavam representações espaciais, via discurso regional e local, com o intento de atrair imigrantes estrangeiros. Ao final, sublinhamos, de forma comparativa, as principais estratégias territoriais das elites mineiras e fluminenses para superar a alegada crise em seus respectivos estados.
ECOTONE SOILS IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: Souza José João Lelis Leal , Pinto Anderson Silva , Ramos Maiara Bezerra , Lopes Sérgio Faria
Published: June 2021

Texture, base saturation, organic carbon content, and water storage availability of soil are drivers of plant physiognomy and composition of communities. Soil properties in ecotone areas are still poorly studied, and the transition between dry, moist, and semideciduous forests is defined only by climate parameters. The objective of this study was to describe the soil properties of a moist-dry forest ecotone in Northeastern Brazil. Seven soil profiles were dug in a pristine semideciduous forest known as “Agreste”. Four more pedons were described to represent soils of dry forests. Morphology, reactivity, texture, organic matter content, and water storage capacity of the soil horizons were determined. The soils of the study area are derived from granites and granitoids, rocks highly resistant to weathering. Soils of dry forests are loam, neutral to alkaline, and hypereutrophic. Soils of semideciduous forest are sandy, acidic, dystrophic, and have up to 65% higher C content. The rocks act as impermeable layers to water, and consequently, most soils develop stagnic properties in semideciduous forests. Soils are dystrophy and have low CEC and loam texture. These properties are attributed to ferrolysis. Umbrisols and Stagnosols with higher water storage capacity than dry forests soils sustain semideciduous forests in Northeastern Brazil.
CONHECIMENTOS E TÉCNICAS TRADICIONAIS NA EXPLORAÇÃO DE RECURSOS DOS MANGUEZAIS DA ZONA COSTEIRA DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Ruiz Melgris Jose Becerra , Freitas Stephanie Jael Negrão de , Tavares Paulo Amador , Pimentel Marcia Aparecida da Silva
Published: June 2021

Os manguezais são considerados áreas sob pressão antrópica pelo constante aumento da exploração de seus recursos, desmatamento e avanço da urbanização. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar a mobilização social como forma de construção sustentável do território. Assim, realizou-se um estudo de caso utilizando dados secundários e informações coletadas junto às comunidades. Buscando defender os recursos naturais, os moradores uniram-se formando um conselho para a criação da Reserva Extrativista (RESEX) de São João da Ponta. Os pescadores locais têm até 21 artes de pesca para captura de caranguejo. Esse conhecimento permitiu que eles adaptassem artes menos invasivas e mais sustentáveis ao habitat dos caranguejos. Os dados de mudança de uso e cobertura da Terra mostram que o mangue permaneceu inalterado na região e em 2018 representava 16,67% de toda a vegetação existente no município. A formação de pastagens não apresenta bons resultados, de tal forma que a pecuária no município, além de produzir impactos, não está sendo implantada de maneira produtiva. Ao desenvolver este estudo pôde-se perceber que as soluções para problemas socioambientais nessa região devem surgir a partir da integração do conhecimento técnico com o conhecimento local sobre o território, sendo uma abordagem recomendada para projetos futuros.
A Creativity Education Model for Coastal Communities Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: WASEHUDIN Wasehudin , ANSHORI Irfan , RAHMAN M. Taufiq , SYAFE’I Imam , KESUMA Guntur Cahaya
Published: June 2021

The Covid-19 Pandemic had a significant effect on the way people lived in western Java and how they got an education. This study is qualitative, and the subject of the study is the Tirtyasa community in Serang Regency, in the coastal area of Banten. This study illustrates the non-governmental organizations can influence and facilitate change in society. This research was conducted using a semi-structured interview. This article shows how we can exchange knowledge and experiences during the Covid-19 Outbreak. Company small business preparation can be achieved by good contact with colleagues and the use of appropriate technology.
Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Loyalty in Ecotourism: A Study in Costa Rica
Authors: CARVACHE-FRANCO Mauricio , CARVACHE-FRANCO Wilmer , VÍQUEZ-PANIAGUA Ana Gabriela , CARVACHE-FRANCO Orly , PEREZ-OROZCO Allan
Published: June 2021

Within ecotourism, the service can be improved with proper planning, achieving greater satisfaction and return of tourists, benefiting the destination and the community with higher income and employment. The objectives of this study were a) to analyze the relationships between tourists’ general satisfaction and loyalty, and b) to analyze the influence that the service aspects exert on the satisfaction and return of tourists. The study was conducted in Costa Rica, a Central American country with great ecological wealth for ecotourism. Three hundred ten questionnaires were filled out in the Arenal National Park and the Caño Negro National Wildlife Refuge. Spearman's statistical method of correlation was used for data analysis. As main results, the aspects of the service had a significant and positive influence on the satisfaction and return intentions of tourists. The aspects that most influenced general satisfaction were accessibility and infrastructure, tranquility, gastronomic quality, and the human treatment received. While the aspects that most influenced the return intentions were the tourist information and signage, the gastronomic quality, the accessibility of the infrastructure, and the equipment and facilities of the restaurant. The findings will serve to develop sustainable plans in protected areas and to improve service in ecotourism.
Environmental Issue in the Caucasus Mountains: Prospects for Solving the Issue
Authors: BAGIROV Huseyngulu Seyid oglu
Published: June 2021

The modern stage in the development of civilization is characterized by the growth of contradictions between society and nature. In this regard, the study, the assessment, and the protection of biological and current landscape diversity have become a serious global environmental issue. The search for solutions is not merely an item of theoretical significance, but also great practical importance. This is not only a matter of the increasing pressure on various components of the anthropogenic environment and even on an entire ecosystem. At the same time, particularly regarding reform, there has been a clear shortage of theoretical and experimental studies of ecological systems at the regional and local levels.

The Caucasus is noted for its high biodiversity and is among 200 priority regions. The North Caucasus is an integral part of the whole Caucasus, and currently is one of Russia’s most densely populated and developed regions.

The region is facing a serious problem of developing a set of measures to maintain biological diversity, preserve biological resources, as well as optimize environmental management. Contemporary international studies (for example, the Johannesburg Memorandum, 2002) do not provide adequate tools for achieving the ideals of sustainable development, especially from a regional perspective. Classical ecology makes it possible to identify and formulate problems that threaten biodiversity. However, realistic and constructive proposals for their implementation have not yet been developed.

The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of the ecosystems of the Caucasus Mountains for the development of ecological networks as the basis for the conservation of biological diversity.
Impact of the Marine Transport System and Public Administration on the Environmental Protection
Authors: MANASBAY Aigul , BEISENGALIYEV Berik , TUREKULOVA Assiya , KURMANKULOVA Nurzhamal , TUREKULOVA Dametken
Published: June 2021

In connection with the development of the economy and the increasing scale of human economic activity, the transportation of various goods by sea (water) transport is increasing, which make up 60-67% of the world cargo turnover. At the same time, there is a negative impact on the environment, its pollution, the consequences of which affects both the current generation and may affect the future. Therefore, the impact of water transport on the environment is an urgent and pressing problem of today, but it is necessary to note the positive aspects of the development of the country's water transport, which has an impact on the creation of an additional export and transit route for the transportation of goods, the entry of Kazakhstani goods to world markets and the creation of additional jobs in this industry.
Legal Policy to Improve the Activities of Government Bodies and the Law Enforcement System Considerring the Specifics of the Territory Northern Region
Authors: AVDEEV Vadim Avdeevich , ANISIMOV Valery Filippovich , MOROZOV Aleksey Vital'yevich , SHULYAK Igor Mikhaylovich , KALLIMULIN Tair Rustamovich
Published: June 2021

The article explores the key directions to improve the effectiveness of legal policy on the management for small indigenous peoples in the context of globalization. The importance of the preservation and development of ethnic groups in the Northern regions is noted.

The article investigates the issues of improving the legal tools for regulating public relations related to the indigenous peoples of the North. Close attention is paid to the importance of managing the indigenous small numbered peoples of the North taking into account state policy. An analysis is given for the characteristics of indigenous peoples and their different levels of economic, social and cultural development.
Kajian Karakteristik Sedimen Dasar di Perairan Sungailiat untuk Mendukung Pengembangan Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Sungailiat, Kab. Bangka
Authors: Rachman Reno Arief , Wibowo Mardi , Wiguna Edwin Adi , Nugroho Sapto , Madyani Madyani , Santoso Budi
Published: June 2021

Tingkat sedimentasi di muara S. Jelitik sangat tinggi sehingga ketika air laut surut, kapal-kapal tidak dapat keluar masuk ke Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Sungailiat. Untuk menangani masalah tersebut, pemerintah secara periodik melakukan pengerukan yang berbiaya tinggi. Oleh karena itu, Pemprov Bangka Belitung merencanakan membangun infrastruktur pengendali sedimen. Dalam perencanaan infrastruktur pengendali sedimen diperlukan data-data karakteristik sedimen dasar. Saat ini kajian khusus karateristik sedimen dasar di kawasan ini masih belum ada. [A1] Oleh karena itu dilakukan kajian ini dengan tujuan mengetahui pola sebaran karakteristik sedimen dasar seperti berat jenis, tekstur sedimen, ukuran d50 butir sedimen dan analisis stastik sedimen dasar. Karakteristik ini sangat penting untuk kajian sedimentasi selanjutnya terutama sebagai data masukan perhitungan kecepatan sedimentasi baik secara analitik maupun dengan pemodelan numerik. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah survei lapangan, pengambilan sampel sedimen dasar, analisis laboratorium dan analisis statistik sedimen. Berdasarkan kajian ini sedimen dasar di perairan Sungailiat ini didominasi oleh pasir sedikit campuran kerikil dengan nilai d50 berkisar antar 1-1,5 mm dan terpilah buruk. Kondisi sedimen dasar berupa pasir mempunyai daya dukung yang baik untuk pengembangan pelabuhan.Sedimentation in the S Jelitik estuary is very high, so when the tide is low, the ships traffic at the Sungailiat Fisheries Port is disturbed. So far, dredging has been done to solve this problem, which requires high costs. To overcome this, the Provincial Government of Bangka Belitung plans to build a sediment control infrastructure. In planning the sediment control infrastructure, sea bottom sediment characteristics data are needed. Currently, there is no specific study of se bottom sediment characteristics in this area. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of knowing the distribution pattern of seabottom sediment characteristics such as density, sediment texture, d50 grain size and analysis of the basic sediment statistics. This characteristic is very important for further sedimentation studies, especially as input data for calculating the sedimentation velocity both analytically and by numerical modeling. The methods used in this study are field surveys, sediment sampling, laboratory analysis and sediment statistical analysis. Based on this study, the seabottom sediment in Sungailiat waters is dominated by sand, a little mixture of gravel, with d50 values ranging from 1-1.5 mm and poorly segregated. The seabottom sediment in the form of sand have good capacity for port development.
Variations in Short Wave Radiation and Ocean Temperature in the Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Fadlan Ahmad , Rizki Muchammad , Pahlewi Tomi Ilham , Prasetyo Mohammad Ridwan Nur , Bali Fajar Masan , Badriyah Imelda Umiyatul , Lukman Muhammad Aldi
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to know the results of the relation between short wave radiation (SWR) and sea temperature. This study used data of SWR and sea temperature from RAMA buoy which part of the data was obtained by the INA-PRIMA 2019. Besides, the SWR and Sea Temperature model data from ERA-5 and Copernicus were required to see these spatial and temporal variations. Diurnal analysis to determine the sea temperature responds to SWR parameters. While monthly analysis to see the variations of SWR and the sea temperature during Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The results show that there is a different response at sea temperature for each layer to the SWR parameter in diurnal. SWR can affect sea temperatures until 20 meters of depth. There is a time lag between 2 and 3 hours when the sun heats the sea until the sea surface temperature increases. The 20 meters of depth has a lag time until 4 hours. As for 40 to 80 meters of depth, the sea temperature was not longer responded by SWR, and the temperature is changed by the strength of these mixing.Warm pools are generally located in East Indian Ocean and the high SWR were very strong in West Indian Ocean along an anual.
Cryptocurrencies: Some Remarks from the Perspective of Polish Employment and Tax Law
Authors: Tyc Aneta , Siuciński Robert
Published: June 2021

In view of the fact that technological progress is in a constant state of change, current research efforts are directed towards blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies. Starting with the description of the way blockchain technology operates, the notions of decentralisation, proof-of-work consensus, and practical immutability are explained. Further, the article examines the possibility of using cryptocurrency in order to pay remuneration, realise partial non-cash payment of remuneration or grant an award to an employee. This article presents evidence that demonstrates that remuneration in the framework of the employment relationship in Poland cannot be paid in cryptocurrency, which contributes to the performance of the protective function of labour law. The article concludes that a collective labour agreement could include a clause allowing the employer to realise partial non-cash payment of remuneration in cryptocurrency. Similar provisions could be introduced in labour law, but the Polish legislator has never adopted such a measure. The authors highlight, however, that an award can be paid in cryptocurrency even in the full amount. Next, the authors research the new tax regulations in force in Poland since 1 January 2019 and explain why it is conceptually more convincing to classify revenues from cryptocurrency trading as revenues from money capital and revenues from capital gains than as property rights. The article presents a definition of the disposal for valuable consideration of a virtual currency. The purpose of this article is also to study how high is the income tax on income earned from the disposal for valuable consideration of virtual currencies. Moreover, an overview of the legislation related to tax-deductible expenses is provided. Finally, some reflections on the cryptocurrency trading in the context of the pursuit of an economic activity are given. The review especially highlights the Council Directive 2006/112/EC of 28 November 2006 on the common system of value added tax, and the judgment of the CJEU of 22 October 2015 (Skatteverket v. David Hedqvist[2015], case C-264/14), which has impacted the approach to the VAT problem in Poland.
State Aid Rules and Public Financing of Infrastructure. The Case of Autostrada Wielkopolska S.A.
Authors: Kubera Paulina
Published: June 2021

The operation of a toll road typically involves an economic activity for which State aid rules apply. However, if the construction and operation of the road infrastructure is bundled and they are tendered out together, they usually fall outside the State aid regime. The reason for it lies in the fact that the use of competitive procurement procedures aim to increase the efficiency of public expenditure and to ensure a level playing field for private operators to compete for public contracts. Nevertheless, based on the European Commission’s decisional practice, it transpires that an economic advantage for a concession holder cannot be ruled out automatically, in particular when there are amendments made to the original agreement. On the example of the Autostrada Wielkopolska S.A. case, critical State aid issues are discussed, among others, the application of State aid rules to public financing of infrastructure, the amendments made to a concession contract in the light of the risk assignment problem, as well as the existence of State aid in the form of overcompensation for a concession holder. The considerations are carried out on the canvas of a concrete case; however, they are enriched by the analysis of relevant legal provisions as well as conclusions from the EU courts and the European Commission decisions made in similar cases.
The Origins of Supranational State Aid Legislations: What Policymakers Must Know and Adhere to. The Case of Estonia
Authors: Pärn-Lee Evelin
Published: June 2021

As an independent country, Estonia can decide on how to promote its economy through state intervention, at least in theory. At the same time, Estonia has been a WTO member since 1999 and an EU Member State since 2004 and must adhere to these rules. Both regimes limit a Member State’s ability to interfere in the economy, setting forth rules on when a state can interfere with consequences if the rules are not met. But these rules differ, and the same situation can have a different result depending on the rules applied. Also, both sets of rules limit the competence of a member country to interfere in economy differently, for example, the WTO applies a rather lenient ex post control while in the EU a strict ex ante control by the Commission is used. Also the consequences for failing to adhere are different. Although one of the smallest EU Member States and represented by the Commission in WTO roundtables, it is still relevant for Estonia to have a position on globally applied state interference measures, and present and protect its views, if needed. To successfully promote its economy nationally and in the EU, Estonian policymakers, like those of any other country in the same position, must know not only the applicable state interference rules but also the underlying principles thereof. The article will provide a historical overview of the framework of the supranational state aid regimes of the WTO and the EU, as well as the domestic rules of Estonia. It is aimed at reflecting the principles behind the state aid rules that the domestic policymakers must consider when designing national state interference measures. The author applies classical research methods, namely, reading and interpretation of texts, but also comparing the WTO, EU and Estonian laws on state subsidies.
Ferrous materials degradation: characterisation of rust by colour – an overview
Authors: Klenam Desmond E. P. , Bodunrin Michael O. , Akromah Stefania , Gikunoo Emmanuel , Andrews Anthony , McBagonluri Fred
Published: June 2021

An overview of the characterisation of rust by colour is presented. Each distinct rust colour is caused by atmospheric impurities, high or low moisture content and high or low oxygen environment over time. Yellow rust is mainly due to the high moisture environment over a period of time, which drips. Brown rust is dry, crusty and due to water and oxygen contact with localised patches on component surfaces. Black rust, the most stable form, occurs in low moisture and low oxygen environment. The rust residue shows where the reaction started, especially in contact with chlorides. The causative factors of red rust are atmospheric and similar to black rust in a chloride-containing environment. The effect of packaging, manufacturing and environmental factors on rust colour is briefly discussed. Visual characterization of rust could pre-empt root causes and analytical tools for validation. The limitations of these concepts are mentioned and directions for future research highlighted.
Alleviate the contending issues in network operating system courses: Psychomotor and troubleshooting skill development with Raspberry Pi
Authors: Hatta Puspanda , Budiyanto Cucuk Wawan
Published: June 2021

Despite the growing popularity of network operating system courses in vocational high schools, issues have been raised regarding the lack of appropriate computer hardware specifications and the limited use of real networking devices. The media that have been used in teaching network operating systems have been based on virtualization-based simulation. However, such virtualization does not expose students to real hardware. This results in less than optimal hands-on activities and students’ psychomotor abilities. Consequently, alternative authentic media are needed to accommodate practical learning and improve psychomotor skills. The aim of this study is to explore the implementation of a single-board microcomputer in learning network operating systems. The Raspberry Pi was chosen as it can replace the role of a non-simulation PC. The choice of Raspberry Pi was also based on the fact that in Indonesia it is still rare to find its implementation for teaching and learning activities in vocational high school, so it is necessary to introduce the device to students. The operating system used by the Raspberry Pi is similar to Ubuntu, which is one of the network operating systems that must be mastered by vocational IT students. The research made a comparison between the two learning media as employed by two groups of students in different classes, one using virtualization-based simulation and the other using the Raspberry Pi. Based on the results, it is concluded that the use of the Raspberry Pi is more effective than that of virtualization-based simulation in improving students’ psychomotor and troubleshooting skills.