bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subjective Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Objectively Normal Cognition: Mediation by Depression and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Kim Areum , Chu Sang Hui , Oh Sarah Soyeon , Lee Eun , Choi JiYeon , Kim Woo Jung
Published: June 2024

Objective Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) refers to self-reported memory loss despite normal cognitive function and is considered a preclinical stage of Alzheimer’s disease. This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of depression and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) on the association between the scoring of Clinical Dementia Rating Scale-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) and Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire (SCD-Q).Methods A sample of 139 community-dwelling older adults aged 65–79 with normal cognitive function completed the SCD-Q, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and functional/psychiatric scales. We conducted 1) a correlation analysis between SCD-Q scores and other variables and 2) a path analysis to examine the mediating effects of depression and IADL on the relationship between CDR-SB and SCD-Q.Results CDR-SB was found to be indirectly associated with SCD-Q, with depressive symptoms mediating this relationship. However, no direct association was observed between SCD-Q and CDR-SB. Additionally, IADL was not associated with SCD-Q and did not mediate the relationship between CDR-SB and SCD-Q. The model fit was acceptable (minimum discrepancy function by degrees of freedom divided [CMIN/DF]=1.585, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.065, comparative fit index [CFI]=0.955, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI]=0.939).Conclusion Our results suggest that SCD-Q is influenced by depressive symptoms, but not by IADL. The role of depressive symptoms as a mediator between CDR-SB and SCD-Q indicates that psychological factors may contribute to the perception of SCD. Therefore, interventions targeting depression may mitigate the concerns associated with SCD and reduce feelings of worse performance compared to others of the same age group.
Validation of Shortened Forms of Metacognition Questionnaire-Insomnia and Its Feasibility in the Discrepancy-Cognitive Arousal Model of Insomnia Among Patients With Cancer
Authors: Sleiman Jana , Ahmed Oli , Chung Seockhoon
Published: June 2024

Objective We aimed to explore the reliability and validity of the two shortened versions of the Metacognition Questionnaire-Insomnia (Metacognition Questionnaire-Insomnia-6 items [MCQI-6], Metacognition Questionnaire-Insomnia-14 items [MCQI-14]) among patients with cancer and examine the feasibility of the Discrepancy-Cognitive Arousal (DCA) model of insomnia among the cancer patients.Methods A total of 154 patients with cancer were enrolled in this survey, which included rating scales such as the discrepancy between desired time in bed and desired total sleep time (DBST) index, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Cancer-related Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitude about Sleep-14 items (C-DBAS-14), MCQI-6, and MCQI-14.Results Both the MCQI-6 and MCQI-14 showed a good reliability of internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit for two single-factor shortened versions. The total score of the MCQI-6 was significantly correlated with the MCQI-14 (r=0.97, p<0.01), ISI (r=0.68, p<0.01), C-DBAS-14 (r=0.78, p<0.01), and DBST index (r=0.21, p<0.05). Mediation analysis showed that the DBST index did not directly influence insomnia severity; however, the relationship was mediated by cancer-related dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and sleep-related metacognitive process among patients with cancer.Conclusion The Korean versions of MCQI-6 and MCQI-14 are useful, reliable, and valid tools to evaluate sleep-related metacognitive processes among patients with cancer. The DCA model of insomnia was feasible even among cancer patients.
The Complexity of Borderline Personality Disorder: Network Analysis of Personality Factors and Defense Styles in the Context of Borderline Personality Organization
Authors: Yun Seokho , Jo So-Hye , Jeon Hye-Jin , Kim Hye-Geum , Cheon Eun-Jin , Koo Bon-Hoon
Published: June 2024

Objective Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is known to share characteristics with a variety of personality disorders (PDs) and exhibits diverse patterns of defense mechanisms. To enhance our understanding of BPD, it’s crucial to shift our focus from traditional categorical diagnostics to the dimensional traits shared with other PDs, as the borderline personality organization (BPO) model suggests. This approach illuminates the nuanced spectrum of BPD characteristics, offering deeper insights into its complexity. While studies have investigated the comorbidity of BPD with other PDs, research exploring the relationship between various personality factors and defense mechanisms within BPD itself has been scarce. The present study was undertaken to investigate the complex interrelationships between various personality factors and defense styles in individuals diagnosed with BPD.Methods Using a network analysis approach, data from 227 patients diagnosed with BPD were examined using the Defense Style Questionnaire and Personality Disorder Questionnaire-4+ for assessment.Results Intricate connections were observed between personality factors and defense styles. Significant associations were identified between various personality factors and defense styles, with immature defense styles, such as maladaptive and image-distorting being particularly prominent in BPD in the centrality analysis. The maladaptive defense style had the highest expected influence centrality. Furthermore, the schizotypal, dependent, and narcissistic personality factors demonstrated relatively high centrality within the network.Conclusion Network analysis can effectively delineate the complexity of various PDs and defense styles. These findings are expected to facilitate a deeper understanding of why BPD exhibits various levels of organization and presents with heterogeneous characteristics, consistent with the perspectives proposed by the BPO.
Kajian Neraca Massa dan Penentuan Kehilangan Minyak (Oil losses) pada Bak Kondensat Unit Perebusan Alat Screw Pressing Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Saputri Juniar Agil , Hidayat Nur , Riduan Muhammad , Ayu Yessika Putri , Kahar Abdul
Published: June 2024

Oil losses merupakan kehilangan jumlah minyak yang seharusnya diperoleh dari hasil suatu proses namun minyak tersebut tidak dapat diperoleh atau hilang. Pada pengujian oil losses menggunakan metode ekstraksi soklet. Oil losses pada mesin sterilizer pabrik xyz sebesar 76,84% Sedangkan pada screw press sebesar 10,44%,  dimana angka tersebut melebihi angka standar oil losses pabrik kelapa sawit pada umumnya. Penyebab tingginya oil losses pada pabrik xyz ialah kurang maksimalnya kinerja sterilizer dan screw press pada pabrik xyz, dan beberapa faktor lain.  Untuk menekan angka oil losses yang ada pada pabrik xyz dibutuhkan perawatan dengan maksimal, dikarenakan alat tersebut bekerja secara terus menerus dan rentan terhadap kelelahan.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Tongkol Jagung sebagai Bioadsorben dalam Proses Adsorpsi Besi(II) dan Metilen Biru
Authors: Mayangsari Novi Eka , Ramadani Tarikh Azis , Nindyapuspa Ayu , As-sajdah Gumelar Muluk
Published: June 2024

Pertumbuhan industri akan menghasilkan efek samping, salah masalahnya adalah pencemaran limbah cair yang mengandung logam berat dan zat warna. Pencemaran tersebut dapat berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan sehingga perlu untuk diolah. Proses pengolahan limbah cair yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan proses adsorpsi. Adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif berbahan dasar tongkol jagung yang sebelumnya dilakukan proses karbonasi pada 350⁰C selama 3 jam. Tongkol jagung yang telah menjadi karbon, dihaluskan hingga ukuran 20, 40, dan 60 mesh. Proses aktivasi dengan larutan ZnCl2 0,3 M. Proses adsorpsi ini berlangsung secara kontinu dengan debit 100 ml/menit. Karbon aktif yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi spesifikasi karbon aktif berdasarkan SNI. Proses adsorpsi secara kontinu ini berhasil menurunkan besi(II) hingga 99,55% dengan ukuran karbon aktif sebesar 40 mesh. Hal serupa juga berhasil dilakukan untuk menurunkan metilen biru hingga 97,565% dengan ukuran karbon aktif sebesar 60 mesh. Nilai penurunan ini dipengaruhi oleh penurunan ukuran partikel yang akan berdampak pada peningkatan besar kapasitas adsorpsi.
ANALISA PENGARUH PEMBENTUKAN BIOGAS TERHADAP PENCAMPURAN LIMBAH SEKAM PADI PADA KOTORAN SAPI
Authors: Wahyudin Muhammad Aditya , Mustofik Feri , Nur Ahmad Moh , Huda Hairul , Kahar Abdul
Published: June 2024

Biogas adalah salah satu jenis energi terbarukan yang diproduksi melalui proses anaerobic bahan organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh pencampuran limbah sekam padi pada kotoran sapi terhadap tekanan dan volume biogas yang terbentuk. Analisa ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pembentukan biogas antara biogas dengan 100% kotoran sapi dan biogas dengan 50% kotoran sapi + 50% limbah sekam padi. Data yang dijadikan parameter pada penelitian ini adalah tekanan gas dan volume gas dengan interval waktu 1 hari yang dilakukan selama 7 hari. Tekanan biogas tertinggi terjadi pada hari ke-5 yaitu pada 100% kotoran sapi didapatkan tekanan 1,25 atm sementara pada 50% kotoran sapi + 50% limbah sekam padi didapatkan tekanan 1,18 atm. Sementara volume biogas tertinggi terjadi pada hari ke-5 yaitu pada 100% kotoran sapi didapatkan volume 0,501 m3 sementara pada 50% kotoran sapi + 50% limbah sekam padi didapatkan volume 0,474 m3. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses fermentasi maksimal pembentukan biogas antara 100% kotoran sapi dan biogas dengan 50% kotoran sapi + 50% limbah sekam padi terjadi pada hari kelima karena setelah beberapa hari proses anaerob berlangsung, bakteri metanogen berangsur-angsur semakin aktif sampai tercapai pH optimal untuk produksi biogas serta biogas yang terbentuk juga lebih tinggi pada 100% kotoran sapi hal ini dapat terjadi karena tekstur sekam padi yang kasar dan sulit untuk terurai selain itu kotoran sapi mengalami adaptasi dengan substrat baru yaitu sekam padi, sehingga kenaikan pH membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama dibandingkan substrat yang hanya mengandung kotoran sapi Kata kunci: biodigester, biogas, kotoran sapi, pengaruh sekam padi
Potensi Rumput Lapangdilahan Reklamasi Pasca TambangSebagai SumberHijauanPakanTernak
Authors: Andini Dwi Sinyin , Daru Taufan Purwokusumaning , Safitri Apdila , Ardhani Fikri
Published: June 2024

Untuk mengetahui produksi hijauan, kapasitas tampung dan kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn di lahan reklamasi pasca tambang PT. Equalindo Makmur Alam Sejahtera. Pengumpulan data rumput lapang dilakukan dengan kuadran secara acak teratur sebanyak 16 cuplikan dengan luas lahan 50m x 50m. Rumput lapang yang di peroleh di hitung berat segar dan keringnya. Analisis logam berat dianalisis dengan menggunakan Anatomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa produksi rumput lapang sebanyak  73445,29 kg ha-1 sehingga dapat menampung sebanyak 0,52 ST ha-1 tahun-1. Kandungan Logam berat pada tanah dan tanaman pakan relatif aman karena berada di bawah ambang batas toleransi yang di perbolehkan untuk dikonsumsi. Produksi rumput lapangan relatif rendah yang berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas tampung sebanyak 0,52 ST ha-1 tahun-1. Kandungan logam berat yang berada di tanah dan tanaman di PT. Equalindo Makmur Alam Sejahtera aman karena kandunganya di bawah toleransi maksimal. Kata kunci : Lahan pasca tambang, Logam berat, Rumput lapang
Efek Penambahan Fosfat Pengganti Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Daging Sapi (Longisimus Lumborum)
Authors: Wibowo Ari , Suhardi Suhardi , Ismanto Arif , Mayulu Hamdi
Published: June 2024

Pengaruh penambahan fosfat pengganti ( 3% MSG + 0,75% NaOH + 2.5% NaCl),fosfat terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia daging sapi (longisimus lumborum) yang diberikanperlakuan tumbling dan kontrol (tanpa tumbling). Hasil observasi menunjukanpeningkatan nilai pH yang diikuti dengan menurunnya tingkat kekerasan pada dagingyang diberikan penambahan fosfat dan fosfat pengganti (p<0,05). Sedangkan padadaging matang yang diberikan perlakuan penambahan dan pengganti secara signifikanmenunjukan nilai expressible drip yang rendah atau memiliki daya ikat air yang lebihtinggi dibandingkan kontrol, meskipun kontrol menunjukan nilai redness index yang lebihtinggi (p<0,05), tetapi untuk daging sapi yang diberikan perlakukan penambahanpengganti dan menunjukan memiliki kandungan metmyoglobin yang lebih rendah padaeksudat dari daging segar dibandingkan kontrol (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitianini bahwa penambahan pengganti pada daging sapi (Longisimus lumborum) dapatmencegah terjadinya proses oksidasi pada myoglobin yang terdapat didalam dagingtetapi tidak pada area permukaan otot/daging. Oleh sebab itu penambahan 3% MSG +0,75% NaOH + 2,5% NaCl bisa diapilkasikan sebagai bahan pengganti pada dagingsegar ataupun daging masak dikarenakan kemampuannya untuk meningkatkan dayaikat air, keempukan daging, dan stabilitas oksidatif pada myoglobin
Tingkat Pengetahuan Peternak Sapi terhadap Pengolahan Jerami Jagung sebagai Pakan Ternak dii Kelurahan Lempake Kecamatan Samarinda Utara
Authors: Hirjan Muhammad , Daru Taufan Purwokusumaning , Darma Suria
Published: June 2024

Pengetahuan tentang pengelolaan limbah merupakan salah satu bagianterpenting dari bisnis peternakan sapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuibagaimana tingkat pengetahuan peternak terhadap pengelolaan Jerami Jagung diKelurahan Lempake. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September - Oktober 2018 diKelurahan Lempake Kecamatan Samarinda Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodeproportional random sampling. Responden dipilih berdasarkan kriteria jumlah ternakterbanyak. Jumlah responden adalah 42 yang terdiri dari peternak sapi. Data yangdiambil meliputi data primer dan data sekunder, kemudian skala pengetahuan dianalisisdengan menggunakan metode skala likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkatpengetahuan peternak terhadap pengelolaan Jerami Jagung masuk kategori Sedangdengan skor 1.348 dan skor rata-rata 32.11. Tingkat pengetahuan peternak kategorisedang terhadap pengelolaan Jerami Jagung, perlu ditingkatkan. Pengetahuan tentangpengelolaan limbah jagung kategori sedang, berdampak terhadap peternak dalammelakukan pengelolaan limbah jagung. Tingkat pengetahuan peternak akan lebih baikjika ada penyuluhan dan pelatihan tentang pengelolaan limbah jagung
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Plucheaindica Less) melalui Air Minum terhadap Performa Ayam Broiler
Authors: Hanif Iirfan , Manullang Julinda Romauli
Published: June 2024

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun beluntas dalam air minum terhadap konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, dan pertambahan bobot badan,. Penelitian dilaksanakan Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mulawarman dan kandang broiler di Loa Bahu, Kelurahan Sungai Kunjang, Kecamatan Samarinda Kota, Kalimantan Timur. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari lima perlakuan (P0= kontrol, P1= 4%, P2= 6%, P3= 8%, P4= 10%) dan lima ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA), rata-rata nilai perlakuan tertinggi berada pada P4= 1.942,80 g ekor-1, dan P2= 719,88 g ekor-1. Pemberian ekstrak daun beluntas terhadap konsumsi pakan dan pertambahan bobot badan berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05%), namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap konversi pakan (p<0,05%). Nilai rata-rata konversi pakan sebesar 2,54 hingga 2,60, menunjukan nilai konversi yang sangat tinggi.Kata kunci: Daun beluntas, broiler, bobot badan, konsumsi, pakan
Komposisi Kimia, Karakteristik Fisik dan Nilai Organoleptik Nugget Itik Manila (Cairinamoschata) yang diberi Pakan Limbah Pasar Samarinda
Authors: Rahman Yanur , Ismanto Arif
Published: June 2024

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia, kualitas fisik, organoleptik, dan daya terima terhadap nugget daging itik yang diberi pakan limbah Pasar Segiri.  Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biokimia Fakultas Matematika Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Mulawarman untuk uji komposisi kimia dan Laboratorium Produksi dan Teknologi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman untuk uji kualitas fisik serta organoleptik. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Pola Searah dengan faktor perlakuan adalah daging itik yang diberi pakan komersil dan limbah dari Pasar Segiri. Perlakuan terdiri atas empat level yaitu: P1 (pakan komersil), P2(limbah pasar segiri dengan level 4%), P3 (limbah pasar segiri dengan level 8%), P4 (limbah pasar segiri dengan level 12%), P5(limbah pasar segiri dengan level 16%), P6(limbah pasar segiri dengan level 20%).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji mutu hedonik (tekstur, rasa, dan kadar air) tidak memiliki pengaruh nyata, sementara pada uji kualitas fisik, nilai pH tidak berpengaruh nyata namun pada susut masak dan daya ikat air memiliki pengaruh nyata. Uji organoleptik menunjukkan hasil tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap warna, rasa, dan tekstur, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap aroma. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan limbah pasar sebagai pakan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas nugget daging itik manila.Kata kunci: Itik manila, limbah pasar, karakter kimia, organoleptik
Pemanfaatan Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine Americana Merr) terhadap Kualitas Telur Konsumsi
Authors: Akli Faisal , Manulang Julinda Romauli , Wibowo Ari
Published: June 2024

Ayam ras petelur banyak dibudidayakan masyarakat mulai dari skala kecil (rumah tangga) sampai skala industri. Ayam ras petelur terus mengalami peningkatan populasi dan produktivitas, serta kualitas produksi telur.  Upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas telur terus dilakukan diantaranya dengan memberikan feed additive dalam pakan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan simplisia bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine americana Merr) terhadap kualitas eksterior dan interior telur konsumsi. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Maret-April 2020 di kandang peternakan ayam petelur CV. Zafa Farm Layer Kecamatan Muara Badak dan uji kualitas telur di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mulawarman. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan, dan enam ulangan, P0   = Kontrol (Pakan komersil tanpa simplisia bawang Tiwai); P1= Pakan komersil + simplisia bawang Tiwai 4g/kg-¹ pakan; P2 = Pakan komersil + simplisia bawang Tiwai 8g/kg-¹pakan; dan P3= Pakan komersil + simplisia bawang Tiwai 12g/kg-¹ pakan. Analisis datamenggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA), dan uji lanjut beda nyata terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian membuktikan penambahan simplisia bawang Tiwai tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) pada bobot telur, indeks telur, berat jenis telur, indeks albumin, indeks yolk, tebal kerabang dan nilai haugh unit telur, namun berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) pada pH telur.Kata Kunci:   Ayam ras petelur, feed additive, bawang tiwai, kualitas eksterior, interior telur
Korelasi karakteristik Performan Ternak Terhadap Harga Jual Kambing Jawarandu di Kota Samarinda Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Yunita Annisa , Rahmatullah Surya Nur , Manullang Julinda Romauli
Published: June 2024

Performans yang dinilai sebagai penentu harga jual adalah dilihat dari ukuran-ukuran tubuh Semakin bagus kondisi performans dari ternak maka harganya semakin tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik performans kambing yang dijual belikan ditingkat peternak dan pedagang kambing, serta mengetahui korelasi performans dalam penentuan harga jual kambing Jawarandu di Kecamatan Samarinda Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2020 sampai dengan bulan Februari 2021 di Kecamatan Samarinda Utara. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei yang dilakukan di Kecamatan Samarinda Utara. Metode pengambilan sampel dilokasi penelitian yaitu metode total sampling. Pengambilan data meliputi pengukuran performans (tinggi pundak, lingkar dada, panjang badan, panjang tanduk, panjang telinga, dan perhitungan bobot badan). Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa performans (lingkar dada, panjang badan, tinggi pundak, panjang tanduk, panjang telinga, dan bobot badan) memiliki nilai koefisien korelasi terhadap harga jual kambing Jawarandu secara berututan 0,714; 0,635; 0,686; 0,562; 0,458; 0,810. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bobot badan (r = 0,810) memiliki koefisien korelasi paling tinggi dibandingkan performans kambing lainnya dikarenakan bobot badan sangat kuat mempengaruhi harga jual pada kambing Jawarandu.Kata Kunci : Perfomans, Kambing Jawarandu, harga jual, korelasi.
Keragaman Genetik Berdasarkan Karakteristik Morfometrik Kambing Jawarandu Di Kecamatan Samarinda Utara
Authors: Tandi Rerung Veby Wista , Rahmatullah Surya Nur , Haris Muh Ichsan
Published: June 2024

Keragaman Genetik Berdasarkan Karakteristik Morfometrik Kambing Jawarandu Di Kecamatan Samarinda Utara
Tingkat Pengetahuan Peternak dan Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Jarak Kandang dengan Pemukiman di Peternakan Aufa Wijaya Farm
Authors: Anindyasari Dinar , Muzaqi Khoirul
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan peternak terkait manajemen perkandangan khususnya jarak antar kandang dengan pemukiman dengan kriteria responden memiliki ternak minimal 10 sekor dan mengetahui bagaimana persepsi masyarakat yang bermukim di areal peternakan tersebut dengan radius maksimal sejauh 250 meter . Penelitian ini dilakukan di Aufa Wijaya Farm, Jalan Rejo Mulyo, Kelurahan Lempake, Kecamatan Samarinda Utara, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur pada September 2022. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa tingkat pengetahuan peternak Aufa Wijaya Farm terhadap jarak kandang dengan pemukiman adalah terindikasi tinggi dinilai dari pengetahuan dan pemahaman peternak (jarak minimum kandang dengan pemukiman), pembangunan kandang, dan peternak memahami dampak apa saja yang dapat ditimbulkan akibat adanya peternakan (limbah peternakan). Kemudian berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa persepsi masyarakat yang bermukim di areal peternakan Aufa Wijaya Farm adalah tidak terlalu merasa terganggu. Hal ini disebabkan karena keberadaan peternakan Aufa Wijaya Farm memberikan peran positif baik dari aspek ekonomi seperti terbukanya lapangan pekerjaan. Kemudian melalui aspek sosial juga memberikan peran positif, dimana setiap hari raya idhul adha peternakan Aufa Wijaya Farm melakukan qurban hewan ternak dan membagikan secara merata untuk masyarakat sekitar.
Caracterización de las lesiones ocasionadas en combate y su tratamiento
Authors: Blanco-Guerrero Dánel Rubén Yarig , Arce-Polanía Laura Cristina , Parra-Caicedo Mauricio , Cogollos-Amaya Álvaro
Published: June 2024

Introducción. Colombia es un país que ha tenido el conflicto armado como parte de su historia. Durante más de 50 años, diferentes tipos de armas han sido empleados en la guerra interna. Desde el año 1999 hasta 2010, en el Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, se atendieron más de 15.000 personas heridas en combate. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los abordajes quirúrgicos realizados para el tratamiento de lesiones generadas en combate militar, por el servicio de Cirugía general en el Hospital Militar Central, entre los años 2016 y 2021.
Métodos. Se condujo un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, en donde se recolectó información de la base de datos del grupo de Trauma del Hospital Militar Central, sobre los pacientes con lesiones generadas en combate, atendidos por el servicio de cirugía general.
Resultados. En total ingresaron 203 pacientes, 99 % de sexo masculino, 87 % pertenecientes al ejército. El departamento de donde más se recibieron heridos fue Arauca (20,7 %). Las armas de fuego de alta velocidad fueron los artefactos relacionados con las heridas en más de la mitad de los casos. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes fueron extracción de cuerpo extraño (28 %), exploración vascular (25,5 %) y toracostomía o toracoscopia (20,6 %).
Conclusión. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos para el manejo del trauma militar siguen siendo variados con respecto a la ubicación y el abordaje, razón por la cual el conocimiento del cirujano general debe ser amplio, para estar capacitado para su manejo.
Efecto de la implementación de las recomendaciones del protocolo de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía (ERAS) en cirugía colorrectal en un hospital de referencia del suroccidente colombiano
Authors: Capre-Pereira Jessica , Pérez-Imbachí Helber Fabián , Gempeler Andrés , Holguín Juan Guillermo , Obando Alexander , Caicedo Yaset , Billefals Einar Sten , Astudillo María , Bejarano Mónica , Kestenberg Abraham
Published: June 2024

Introducción. La implementación del protocolo de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía (ERAS) ha demostrado mejorar los desenlaces en cirugía colorrectal. En Colombia su implementación es escasa y se tiene poca evidencia de sus beneficios. Por esa razón, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la implementación del protocolo ERAS en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal en un hospital de referencia en el suroccidente colombiano.
Métodos. Estudio observacional con abordaje de emulación de experimento clínico ideal. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía colorrectal mayor entre los años 2021 y 2023. Se midió días de estancia hospitalaria, ingreso a unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI) y la presencia de complicaciones globales, reintervenciones o reingreso hospitalario a 30 días. Se realizó un análisis univariado y multivariado para medir el efecto de la implementación del protocolo ERAS en los desenlaces.
Resultados. En total, 132 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, 79 pacientes en el período previo a la implementación de ERAS y 53 pacientes con el protocolo ERAS. En el análisis multivariado, se encontró una reducción relativa del 77 % para ingreso a UCI, del 57 % de complicaciones globales, del 67 % en el reingreso hospitalario y del 92 % para reintervenciones quirúrgicas tras el alta en los pacientes ERAS.
Conclusiones. La implementación de las recomendaciones ERAS en nuestra institución demostró mejorar los resultados clínicos en pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal mayor. En Colombia, se necesita de estudios multicéntricos que permitan evidenciar la plausibilidad y beneficios de estas recomendaciones en otras instituciones.
Desenredando los nudos en cirugía: creando maestría con un simulador práctico en casa
Authors: Mendoza-Morales Isaac , Aparicio-Blanco Brandon Steven , Cabrera-Vargas Luis Felipe
Published: June 2024

Introducción. Anudar es una de las habilidades quirúrgicas esenciales y de su correcta ejecución dependen procesos de vital importancia. La adquisición de estas competencias requiere trabajo motor, entornos amigables y realistas. Una estrategia para facilitar el aprendizaje de la técnica de anudado es generar instrumentos de simulación accesibles.
Métodos. Se presenta un simulador de nudos quirúrgicos, construido con materiales de bajo costo y asequibles para la población en general, con un presupuesto de aproximadamente $5.000 COP (US$ 1,23).
Resultados. Se desarrolló un simulador de nudos quirúrgicos que, al fijarse a la extremidad inferior desde una posición sentada, proporciona una superficie estable para llevar a cabo la práctica de anudado de manera efectiva.
Conclusión. La cirugía moderna considera la seguridad del paciente como la principal prioridad, por lo que ya no es apropiado adoptar un método de formación de “ver uno, hacer uno, enseñar uno”. Es la práctica constante mediante simuladores, el método más adecuado. Este trabajo presenta una alternativa de aprendizaje ininterrumpido de las técnicas quirúrgicas relacionadas con los nudos.
Clasificación de los estudios que aplican al área de cirugía
Authors: Bejarano Mónica , Petrone Patrizio
Published: June 2024

La progresiva introducción del método experimental en la medicina actual ha llevado a que nos encontremos frente a una medicina cada vez más científica. La investigación clínica nos provee de herramientas para desarrollar proyectos en los cuales se muestre nuestra actividad en el campo profesional, pero requiere de una apropiada metodología, que siga los lineamientos del método científico. De este modo, se puede aplicar el método deductivo (de lo general a lo particular), o bien el método inductivo (de las partes al todo). Las ciencias formales (matemáticas) aplican el primer método, mientras que las ciencias fácticas (física, química, medicina) aplican el segundo 1.
Kronecker product of matrices and solutions of Sylvestertype matrix polynomial equations
Authors: Dzhaliuk N. S. , Petrychkovych V. M.
Published: June 2024

We investigate the solutions of the Sylvester-type matrix polynomial equation $$A(\lambda)X(\lambda)+Y(\lambda)B(\lambda)=C(\lambda),$$ where\ $A(\lambda),$ \ $ B(\lambda),$\ and \ $C(\lambda)$ are the polynomial matrices with elements in a ring of polynomials \ $\mathcal{F}[\lambda],$ \ $\mathcal{F}$ is a field,\ $X(\lambda)$\ and \ $Y(\lambda)$ \ are unknown polynomial matrices. Solving such a matrix equation is reduced to the solving a system of linear equations $$G \left\|\begin{array}{c}\mathbf{x} \\ \mathbf{y} \end{array} \right\|=\mathbf{c}$$ over a field $\mathcal{F}.$ In this case, the Kronecker product of matrices is applied. In terms of the ranks of matrices over a field $\mathcal{F},$ which are constructed by the coefficients of the Sylvester-type matrix polynomial equation,the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions \ $X_0(\lambda)$\ and \ $Y_0(\lambda)$ \ of given degrees to the Sylvester-type matrix polynomial equation are established. The solutions of this matrix polynomial equation are constructed from the solutions of the linear equations system.As a consequence of the obtained results, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the scalar solutions \ $X_0$\ and \ $Y_0,$ \ whose entries are elements in a field $\mathcal{F},$ to the Sylvester-type matrix polynomial equation.
On close-to-pseudoconvex Dirichlet series
Authors: Mulyava O. M. , Sheremeta M. M. , Medvediev M.G.
Published: June 2024

For a Dirichlet series of form $F(s)=\exp\{s\lambda_1\}+\sum\nolimits_{k=2}^{+\infty}f_k\exp\{s\lambda_k\}$ absolutely convergent in the half-plane $\Pi_0=\{s\colon \mathop{\rm Re}s<0\}$ new sufficient conditionsfor the close-to-pseudoconvexity are found and the obtained result is applied to studying of solutions linear differential equations of second order with exponential coefficients. In particular, are proved the following statements:
1) Let $\lambda_k=\lambda_{k-1}+\lambda_1$ and $f_k>0$ for all $k\ge 2$. If $1\le\lambda_2f_2/\lambda_1\le 2$ and $\lambda_kf_k-\lambda_{k+1}f_{k+1}\searrow q\ge 0$ as $k\to+\infty$ then function of form {\bf(1)} is close-to-pseudoconvex in $\Pi_0$ (Theorem 3). This theorem complements Alexander's criterion obtained for power series.2) If either $-h^2\le\gamma\le0$ or $\gamma=h^2$ then differential equation $(1-e^{hs})^2w''-h(1-e^{2hs})w'+\gamma e^{2hs}=0$ $(h>0, \gamma\in{\mathbb R})$ has a solution $w=F$ of form {\bf(1)} with the exponents $\lambda_k=kh$ and the the abscissa of absolute convergence $\sigma_a=0$ that is close-to-pseudoconvex in $\Pi_0$ (Theorem 4).
Embracing variability in the search for biological mechanisms of psychiatric illness
Authors: Segal Ashlea , Tiego Jeggan , Holmes Avram J , Andre  , Fornito Alex
Published: June 2024

Despite decades of research, we lack objective diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of mental health problems. A key reason for this limited progress is a reliance on the traditional case-control paradigm, which assumes that each disorder has a single cause that can be uncovered by comparing average phenotypic values of cases and control samples. Here, we discuss the problematic assumptions on which this paradigm is based and highlight recent efforts that seek to characterize, rather than minimize, the inherent clinical and biological variability that characterizes psychiatric populations. We argue that embracing such variability will be necessary to understand pathophysiological mechanisms and to develop more targeted and effective treatments.
HabitWalk: A Micro-Randomized Trial to Understand and Promote Habit Formation in Physical Activity
Authors: Baretta Dario , Gillmann Noemi , Edgren Robert , Inauen Jennifer
Published: June 2024

Habit is a key psychological determinant for physical activity behavior change and maintenance. This study aims to deepen the understanding of habit formation in physical activity and identify promotion strategies. We examined the habit formation trajectory and its relationships with cue-behavior repetition (a cue-triggered 15-minute brisk walk) and unconditional physical activity (daily steps). We also tested whether the behavior change techniques (BCTs) 'commitment' and 'prompts and cues' promote habit, cue-behavior repetition, and daily steps within persons. This micro-randomized trial included a 7-day preparatory and a 105-day experimental phase delivered via the HabitWalk app. Participants (N = 24) had a 50% probability of receiving each BCT daily, leading to four conditions. Habit strength was assessed daily using the Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index, while cue-behavior repetition and steps were measured via an activity tracker. Person-specific growth functions indicated that habit strength trajectories were highly idiosyncratic. Multilevel models indicated a positive effect of cue-behavior repetition on habit strength, but not vice versa. The effect of habit strength on daily steps varied by the operationalization of cue-behavior repetition. Tentative findings suggest that commitment and prompts and cues are effective habit promotion strategies when delivered together.
Transitional Justice and Support for Policies of Remembrance after Mass Violence
Authors: Voß Julian , De Juan Alexander
Published: June 2024

Prior research suggests that punitive transitional justice (TJ) may foster a sense of collective exoneration among members of perpetrator groups, potentially reducing support for remembrance of ingroup atrocities in the long-term. We employ a two-part empirical strategy to test this potential “hidden cost’’ of TJ in Germany: a vignette experiment manipulating perceptions of the extent of the denazification process and an observational analysis exploiting variance in denazification intensity across occupation zones. Our results reveal that while perceptions of comprehensive Nazi accountability translate into a belief that the entire German in-group has been held accountable, these perceptions do not affect attitudes towards ongoing commemoration or responsibility towards victim groups. Our robust nullfinding demonstrates that perceptions of justice being served do not undermine support for historical closure on mass violence. These results contribute to the broader literature on TJ’s long-term attitudinal impacts and the determinants of support for historical remembrance, emphasizing the enduring importance of moral over legal perceptions of accountability.
Free choice questions
Authors: Klochowicz Tomasz Jan
Published: June 2024

Polar questions like ‘May I go to the park or to the beach?’ give rise to inferencessimilar to Free Choice. Our data indicates that the Yes answer to these questions corre-sponds to the permission to freely choose between going to the park and going to thebeach while No corresponds to Dual Prohibition, i.e., prohibition to go to either place.Collected data poses a challenge to the semantic and scalar approaches to free choiceand supports non-scalar pragmatics as a uniform solution to the free choice puzzle.
AI-Generated Images in Vignette Studies: Benefits, Challenges, and a Python Template
Authors: Arlinghaus Clarissa Sabrina , Maier Günter W.
Published: June 2024

This paper recommends using AI-generated images in vignette studies. AI tools like OpenAI's DALL·E offer efficient, cost-effective creation of customized visual stimuli. To ensure accessibility, we provide a free Python template and guide, requiring no programming experience or subscription plan. Despite challenges, AI-generated images hold substantial potential to transform research methodologies. This innovative approach particularly benefits pilot projects, students, and early-career researchers with limited resources.
Computations underlying food choice among individuals with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Shevlin Blair R K , gianini loren , Steinglass Joanna , Foerde Karin , Lloyd Caitlin , Hagan Kelsey E. , Berner Laura
Published: June 2024

Individuals often consume tasty, calorically dense foods in response to negative emotions, a phenomenon exemplified by notions of “stress eating” and “comfort food.” While this link between food and mood can become pathological in binge eating, the decision-making processes underlying this link are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of acute increases in negative affect on when and how strongly the perceived tastiness and healthiness of foods influence food choices in healthy adults and individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN), an eating disorder characterized by cycles of over- and under-consumption of food. In a randomized crossover design, 25 women with BN and 21 healthy controls completed two sessions where they received either a neutral or negative affect induction and then completed a food choice task. Using a time-varying diffusion decision model, we assessed how negative affect influences food choice dynamics for high- and low-fat foods. In the neutral affect condition, individuals with BN considered tastiness relative to healthiness of high-fat foods sooner than healthy controls but maintained a restrictive food choice policy by reducing the weight on tastiness. After a negative affect induction, both groups showed a stronger bias towards considering tastiness before healthiness, but this bias was exaggerated in individuals with BN. This affect-induced bias for high-fat foods predicted more frequent subjective binge episodes over three months. These results provide insights into how negative emotion influences food choices and may explain why binge eating in BN is more likely during high negative affect, while dietary restriction is more likely during low negative affect.
High-density theta oscillatory-modulated tDCS (theta HD-otDCS) over the parietal cortex for targeted memory enhancement
Authors: Manojlović Milica , Bjekić Jovana , Purić Danka , Filipović Saša R.
Published: June 2024

Associative memory (AM) is a memory domain vital for normal cognitive functioning. It declines over time due to healthy aging as well as in various neurological conditions. Standard transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) protocols show inconclusive facilitatory effects on AM, often lacking function specificity and stimulation focality. We tested the effectiveness of high-density electrode montage delivering anodal theta oscillatory-modulated transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-Theta-otDCS) over the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC), aiming to target AM in a spatially focused and function-specific manner. In a sham-controlled cross-over experiment, we explored the differential effects of HD-Theta-otDCS applied during either encoding or the retrieval phases of two AM tasks (Face-Word and Object-Location). The stimulation protocol consisted of an anode over the left PPC (P3) and four surrounding return electrodes (CP1, CP5, PO3, POz) with electrical current oscillating in theta rhythm (5Hz, 1.5 ± 0.5mA). HD-Theta-otDCS stimulation applied during both encoding (p=0.020, ηp2=0.22) and retrieval (p=0.005, ηp2=0.32) increased AM performance compared to sham control in the Face-Word task. We found no differences between the two active stimulation conditions. HD-Theta-otDCS showed to be a promising tool for enhancing AM, regardless of the stimulation timing. The results provide further support for our previous findings with bipolar otDCS and confirm that PPC stimulation can induce behaviorally relevant modulation in the memory-related cortico-subcortical networks. Significance: The presented approach is one step forward towards precision brain stimulation for memory neuromodulation. The novelty lies in the combination of increased focality and function-specific current waveform. Positive results set the ground for further research on HD-theta-otDCS effectiveness on clinical samples.
Decoding Social Touch: A Multi-Modal Exploration of Tactile Perception, Gender and Culture
Authors: Powell Helen , He Jason , Magnani Khushika , Hu Ke , Barnes Lauren , Beßler Ria , Chib Vikram S. , Puts Nicolaas
Published: June 2024

Social touch plays a vital role in human development and general well-being. However, it remains unclear how the bottom-up role of tactile perception (i.e. detecting and discriminating stimuli) shapes our experience of social touch, alongside top-down contextual factors such as gender and culture. Using vibrotactile psychophysics and a novel social touch paradigm in two cross-cultural cohorts (56 adults in the UK; 21 adults in Singapore), we found that poorer tactile discrimination in both cohorts was associated with lower pleasantness ratings for social touch and higher pleasantness ratings for non-social touch. Strong gender effects demonstrated that female participants rated different-gender touch as less pleasant than males. Singaporean participants also showed lower preferences for social touch than UK participants. Our results highlight a bottom-up perceptual mechanism in driving context-dependent preference for touch. These findings could have implications for clinical conditions characterised by altered sensory and social processing, such as autism.
The CogLearn Toolkit for Unity: Validating A Virtual Reality Paradigm for Human Avoidance Learning
Authors: Rodriguez Lopez Marina , Liu Huaiyu , Mancinelli Federico , Brookes Jack , Bach Dominik R
Published: June 2024

Avoidance learning encompasses the acquisition of behaviours that enable individuals to evade or withdraw from potentially harmful stimuli, prior to their occurrence. Maladaptive avoidance is a crucial feature of anxiety and trauma-related disorders. In biological and clinical settings, avoidance behaviours usually involve uninstructed, idiosyncratic and complex motor actions. However, there is a lack of laboratory paradigms that allow investigating how such actions are acquired. To fill this gap, we developed a wireless virtual reality platform to investigate avoidance learning in naturalistic settings, with an uncomfortable sound as unconditioned stimulus (US), a physically plausible avoidance action, and allowing for unconstrained movements. This platform, the CogLearn Toolkit for Unity, is publicly available and allows conducting various types of learning experiments with only text files as input. We validated this platform in an exploration-confirmation approach with 5 independent experiments. Overall, participants showed successful acquisition of avoidance behaviour in all experiments. In three exploration experiments, we refined the paradigm and identified mean distance from sound source during conditioned stimulus (CS) presentation (before US occurs) as sensitive measure of avoidance among several dependent variables. Two confirmation experiments revealed stronger avoidance for CS+ than CS- during avoidance learning, whether or not this phase was preceded by Pavlovian acquisition. Furthermore, we demonstrated reduced avoidance during extinction with instruction to approach CS, but persistent residual avoidance during this phase. We found evidence of reinstatement in one of two confirmation experiments. Overall, our study provides robust evidence supporting the efficacy of our paradigm to study avoidance learning in conditions of high ecological relevance.
Personality and Clinical Perspectives on Stress Generation: Towards an Integrative Theoretical Model
Authors: Haehner Peter , Bleidorn Wiebke
Published: June 2024

Stress generation refers to a phenomenon in which individuals contribute to the generation or exacerbation of stressors in their own lives. Several psychological variables have been linked to the experience of stressful events. However, a profound understanding of the process of stress generation is still missing. In this article, we outline how the integration of theory, evidence, and methods from personality psychology and clinical research may help to address three open questions in stress generation theory: What are the mechanisms of the stress generation process? Which stressors are the result of the stress generation process? How does stress generation unfold over time? Building on decades of research on person-environment transactions, we present an integrative theoretical model that provides a systematic framework of the mechanisms, consequences, and time scale of the stress generation process. We close with recommendations for future research using intensive longitudinal designs, comprehensive assessments of environmental experiences, and causal inference strategies.
What Explains Educational Realignment? An Issue Voting Framework for Analyzing Electoral Coalitions
Authors: Marble William
Published: June 2024

The arrangement of social groups into partisan coalitions fundamentally shapes the content of political competition. How should we understand the interests and ideology holding together such coalitions? I introduce a framework, based on a spatial voting model, to study how issue attitudes generate electoral coalitions. The model decomposes group-level voting behavior into three components: the distribution of policy preferences, issue weights, and candidate positions. The model clarifies what data are necessary to sustain policy-based explanations for electoral realignments, and provides a lens through which to interpret correlations between vote choice and issue preferences. I apply this framework to explain educational realignment among white Americans — a trend that is disrupting longstanding class coalitions. Using nearly 200 survey questions to estimate issue-specific ideal points from 1984 to 2020, I find that both economic and cultural issues have driven educational realignment. Over the past 15 years, college-educated whites have become more favorable toward redistribution, pushing them toward the Democratic Party. Meanwhile, cultural issues have gained salience for the white working class, meaning their longstanding conservative cultural attitudes now translate into Republican support. Educational realignment is thus deeply rooted across issue domains, suggesting the stability of these new coalitions into the foreseeable future.
Cultivation of International Understanding Literacy for Teachers: Problems, Causes, and Solutions
Authors: Thalia Nita
Published: June 2024

In the context of the era of globalization, the international understanding literacy of teachers is crucial for cultivating students with a global perspective. However, there are certain deficiencies among primary and secondary school teachers in areas such as international vision, cross-cultural communication, teaching content, and professional development. This study aims to deeply analyze the causes of these issues and propose practical countermeasures and suggestions. By strengthening international vision education, providing cross-cultural communication training, integrating international teaching content, increasing professional development opportunities, establishing a support system, and reforming the evaluation system, the international literacy of teachers can be effectively improved. This will promote the comprehensive development of students and contribute to building an open, inclusive, and interconnected world.