bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parâmetros e tendências genéticas para características de crescimento em bovinos da raça Nelore no Estado da Bahia utilizando inferência bayesiana
Authors: Lacerda Júlio Jaat Dias , Carneiro Paulo Luiz Souza , Martins Filho Raimundo , Malhado Carlos Herinque Mendes
Published: May 2014

O objetivo com esta pesquisa foi estimar parâmetros genéticos e predizer tendências genéticas e fenotípicas para pesos aos 205 (P205), 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade, em animais da raça Nelore nascidos no período de 1975 a 2011 no Estado da Bahia. Os dados foram analisados através de modelos bayesianos uni e bicaracterísticos com o programa GIBBS3F90. Os modelos utilizados para as três características incluíram os efeitos aleatórios genéticos (direto e materno), de ambiente permanente maternal, a covariável idade da vaca ao parto (efeito linear e quadrático), além do efeito fixo de grupo de contemporâneos. As herdabilidades (direta) para P205, P365 e P550 apresentaram valores inferiores aos relatados na literatura, contudo, existe possibilidade de ganho genético por meio da seleção. As predições de tendências genéticas e fenotípicas para as características foram obtidas pela regressão linear ponderada da média da variável dependente (valores genéticos e pesos observados) sobre o ano de nascimento. As tendências para P365 e P550 preditas demonstram que houve algum progresso genético para estas duas características, porém, inferiores ao peso aos 205 de idade. Os valores observados indicam pequeno, porém, favorável progresso genético para o efeito direto nas três pesagens. O progresso fenotípico foi alto nas três características, mostrando melhoria ambiental, no estado da Bahia, no decorrer do período estudado.
Respostas fisiológicas de cabras Anglonubianas a condições ambientais com temperatura elevada
Authors: Mousinho Leeandro Rafaell Brandão , Campelo José Elivalto Guimarães , Sousa Júnior Severino Cavalcante de , Azevêdo Danielle Maria Machado Ribeiro , Leal Tânia Maria , Moura Rosianne Mendes de Andrade da Silva
Published: May 2014

A raça Anglonubiana foi pesquisada com o objetivo de avaliar em fêmeas de diferentes idades e condições fisiológicas, indicadores de status térmico em resposta a condições ambientais com temperatura elevada. As cabras foram agrupadas em quatro classes de idade: com mais de 72 meses, de 36 a 72, entre 18 e 36 e marrãs com 12 a 15 meses, e foram submetidas à estação de monta em agosto/setembro, com final de gestação em dezembro e lactação em fevereiro, meses nos quais registraram-se a temperatura retal, frequência cardíaca e respiratória, também o escore e peso corporal, mensurados no mesmo animal quando este se encontrava "não prenhe", "prenhe" e em "lactação", nesses meses, respectivamente. As mensurações ocorreram durante seis dias alternados em cada mês, com leituras entre 14hs e 17hs, realizadas à sombra. Adotou-se delineamento casualizado com análise estatística num fatorial 4 x 3 (idade e período), com seis repetições. Constatou-se que, independente da idade, tamanho e estágio fisiológico as cabras Anglonubianas recorrem à elevação da frequência respiratória para complementar a dissipação de calor, que se mostrou eficiente em setembro sob temperatura ambiente elevada e baixa umidade do ar. As alterações nas características indicadoras de status térmico do animal, mais acentuadamente na temperatura retal, demonstram que o período do ano mais favorável à homeotermia corporal seja destinado a ocorrência de gestação e lactação.
Desempenho e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de dietas contendo produtos do babaçu (Orbignya speciosa) para cutias (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831) em cativeiro
Authors: Lucena Luciano Ursulino de , Lopes João Batista , Figueirêdo Agustinho Valente de , Almendra Snaylla Natyelle de Oliveira , Costa Elvania Maria da Silva , Carvalho Genilson Bezerra de
Published: May 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de cutias, a digestibilidade aparente de nutrientes e a viabilidade econômica de dietas, contendo os produtos do babaçu: farelo, mesocarpo e óleo. Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos de forma contínua, um ensaio de digestibilidade de nutrientes e o outro de desempenho, utilizando-se os mesmos animais para os dois ensaios. Os animais foram alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo e distribuídos aleatoriamente nos tratamentos. O delineamento experimental para os dois ensaios foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos experimentais foram constituídos de quatro tipos de rações: ração controle, balanceada com 16% de proteína bruta, 13% de fibra bruta e 2.500kcal de energia digestível; dieta controle com substituição de 30% por farelo de babaçu; dieta controle com substituição de 30% por mesocarpo de babaçu; dieta controle com substituição de 10% por óleo de babaçu. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, da proteína bruta, do extrato etéreo e da matéria orgânica de dietas, contendo produtos do babaçu para cutias em crescimento, são mais elevados nas dietas contendo óleo, enquanto as dietas com farelo de babaçu apresentam os menores índices. O desempenho produtivo de cutias em crescimento não é influenciado pelos produtos do babaçu nas dietas com o óleo, farelo e mesocarpo. As dietas de cutias em crescimento, contendo óleo de babaçu apresentam os melhores rendimentos financeiros.
Nitrogen metabolism and microbial production of dairy cows fed sugarcane and nitrogen compounds
Authors: Gonçalves Geógenes da Silva , Pedreira Marcio dos Santos , Pereira Mara Lúcia Albuquerque , Santos Dimas Oliveira , Souza Dicastro Dias de , Porto Junior Antonio Ferraz
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dairy cow diets containing two different sources of urea on nitrogen metabolism and microbial synthesis. Eight crossbred cows were confined and distributed in two 4x4 Latin: FS - soybean meal (control), conventional urea (UC) 100%; ULL 44 UC = 56% / 44% ULL, ULL 88 UC = 12% / 88% ULL. Diets were offered to animals during 21 days with 14 days of adaptation. The N intake, retained nitrogen balance, nitrogen excretion in milk, urine, feces and total N excretion were similar and presented averages of 340.27g/day, 136.73g/day, 43.25g/day, 53.17g/day, 103.54g/day, and 199.96g/day, respectively. The percentages of urine and total nitrogen excretion were 16.24 and 60.71 (%), respectively. Ureic nitrogen in milk, urine and blood were 3.95mg/dL, 4.32mg/dl and 23.73mg/dL, respectively. The results found for the excretion of purine derivatives, allantoin, absorbable purines, microbial nitrogen, microbial protein and the relationship between microbial protein and digestible nutrients were 321.68mmol/day, 296.35mmol/day, 334.61mmol/day, 210.6g/day, 1316.27g/day, and 127.36g/kg, respectively. The partial replacement of soybean meal by conventional urea and / or urea encapsulated in feeding lactating cows yielded similar results in nitrogenous compounds, the concentrations of nitrogen from urine and milk and microbial protein synthesis.
Substituição parcial do milho por sorgo granífero na alimentação de suínos nas fases de creche, crescimento e terminação
Authors: Moreira Faviano Ricelli da Costa e , Costa Alberto Neves , Martins Terezinha Domiciano Dantas , Silva José Humberto Vilar da , Medeiros Henrique Rocha de , Cruz George Rodrigo Beltrão da
Published: May 2014

Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição parcial do milho por sorgo granífero na dieta de suínos castrados sobre as características de desempenho, carcaça e avaliação econômica. Foram utilizados 27 machos híbridos, oriundos de linhagem comercial, com 19,66 ± 2,92kg de peso inicial, distribuídos em três tratamentos com porcentagens crescentes de sorgo granífero - 0%, 25% e 50% - em substituição ao milho, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram avaliados: ganho diário de peso, consumo diário de ração, conversão alimentar, espessura de toucinho e parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos - ureia, proteínas totais, creatinina, glicose, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Para as características de carcaça foram avaliados: peso nas carcaças quente e fria, rendimento nas carcaças quente e fria, pH e temperatura nas carcaças quente e fria e peso de cortes industriais. Para o desempenho econômico foi calculado o custo da ração, custo do kg suíno e índices de custo médio e de eficiência econômica. Foi utilizada análise de regressão para as variáveis produtivas. Não foram encontrados efeitos para o desempenho e características de carcaça. Nas variáveis bioquímicas, foram encontrados efeitos lineares para a ureia e proteínas totais, com os animais com 0% de sorgo apresentando os maiores valores. Quanto ao desempenho econômico, o grupo com 50% de sorgo apresentou o menor índice de custo e o maior de eficiência econômica. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a substituição do milho pelo sorgo granífero em níveis de até 50% da dieta representa uma alternativa sustentável na suinocultura regional.
Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) oil in broiler chickens diet
Authors: Aguilar Cesar Augusto Lopez , Lima Kedson Raul de Souza , Manno Maria Cristina , Maia Jose Guilherme Soares , Fernandes Neto Dario Lisboa , Tavares Fernando Barbosa , Roque Thiago Jose Lima Ribeiro , Mendonça Rita de Cássia Almeida de , Carmo Elder Santana Natividade do
Published: May 2014

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Rosewood oil (RO) on performance, carcass and commercial cut yields and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Five hundred and forty one-day-old male broiler chicks were arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six repetitions consisting of 15 broiler chicks each. The treatments were: inclusion levels of 0.00mL (0.00EO); 0.15mL (0.15 EO); 0.30mL (0.30 EO); 0.45mL (0.45 EO) and 0.60mL (0.60 EO) of RO/kg diet and control (commercial promoter virginiamycin). At 21 and 40 days old, no significant differences in body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and viability of birds were observed when comparing the controls with the different levels of inclusion of RO. The carcass yields of commercial cuts were not affected by treatments. The increased level of RO reduced the relative weight of the intestines. The broilers consuming growth promoter had the highest concentration of Escherichia coli in the intestinal contents, compared to 0.00 EO and 0.30 EO. It was concluded that, Rosewood oil does affect the performance and yield slaughter, but it does reduce the relative weight of the intestines. RO does not show a consistent antimicrobial activity in vivo against Escherichia coli.
Características de carcaça de cabritos de diferentes genótipos terminados em confinamento
Authors: Cartaxo Felipe Queiroga , Sousa Wandrick Hauss , Leite Mauricio Luiz de Mello Vieira , Cezar Marcilio Fontes , Cunha Maria das Graças Gomes , Viana Jefferson Alves , Assis Dallyson Yehudi Coura de , Cabral Humberto Barbosa
Published: May 2014

Objetivou-se avaliar as características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça em caprinos de diferentes genótipos terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 30 cabritos, sendo 10 Anglo Nubiana Sem Raça Definida (SRD), 10 Boer SRD e 10 SRD, com peso médio de 19,05kg no início do experimento, distribuídos no delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A dieta utilizada foi única e completa, contendo 15,5% de proteína bruta e 2,58 Mcal de energia metabolizável por quilograma de matéria seca. Os Anglo Nubiana × SRD apresentaram maiores rendimentos de carcaça, espessura de gordura subcutânea e medida GR quando comparados com os Boer SRD. Entretanto, os cabritos Boer SRD obtiveram maior índice de musculosidade em comparação com os demais genótipos avaliados. Os cabritos SRD apresentaram menor percentual de gordura e maior relação músculo:gordura, quando comparados com os Boer × SRD. Não houve diferença entre os genótipos para os cortes comerciais, exceto o peso e rendimento do pescoço. Os cabritos Boer × SRD apresentaram melhor conformação e acabamento de carcaça. Houve correlação significativa entre a conformação e o acabamento de carcaça e entre o marmoreio, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e a medida GR. A área de olho de lombo foi correlacionada com o rendimento de carcaça quente. A espessura de gordura subcutânea e a medida GR apresentaram correlação significativa, indicando que estas avaliações representam à cobertura de gordura na carcaça de cabritos. O genótipo influencia a espessura de gordura subcutânea, os rendimentos de carcaça, a conformação e acabamento de carcaça de cabritos.
Desempenho zootécnico de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo cultivados em um sistema de recirculação de água com a microalga Spirulina platensis
Authors: Coêlho Anderson Alan da Cruz , Bezerra João Henrique Cavalcante , Silva José William Alves da , Moreira Renato Teixeira , Albuquerque Leonardo Freitas Galvão de , Farias Wladimir Ronald Lobo
Published: May 2014

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os parâmetros zootécnicos das tilápias do Nilo, qualidade de água, e taxa de remoção dos compostos nitrogenados pela microalga Spirulina platensis em um sistema fechado de circulação de água. O experimento foi realizado no Centro de Biotecnologia Aplicada a Aquicultura (CEBIAQUA) do Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca da Universidade Federal do Ceará. O cultivo das tilápias foi inteiramente casualisado e realizado em três tratamentos com quatro repetições nas densidades de 0,1; 0,15 e 0,20 alevinos L-1. As tilápias foram alimentadas ad libitum com ração comercial (0.8mm), contendo 55% de proteína bruta (PB), fornecida às 9h00min, 13h00min e 17h00min, sete dias por semana. Durante todo o experimento, a água e das culturas da tilápia do Nilo e da S. platensis foi recirculada, havendo apenas reposição de água por conta da evaporação. Os resultados mostraram que a densidade de estocagem mais eficiente para o cultivo das tilápias foi 0,10 alevinos L-1, uma vez que apresentou a menor taxa de conversão alimentar. Com relação à qualidade de água, os níveis de amônia (0,26 ± 0,03mg L-1), nitrato (2,55 ± 0,71) e nitrito (0,19 ± 0,01) permaneceram dentro dos valores aceitáveis para o cultivo da tilápia do Nilo. Além disso, foram reduzidos 95,57 ± 1,1% da amônia, 87,9 ± 4,4% de nitrato e 42,63 ± 8,5% de nitrito da água de cultivo dos peixes.
Adsorption behavior of Li+ from aqueous medium using zirconium oxide nano-ion sieve
Authors: Hajipour Hengameh , Moazeni Maryam , Askari Masoud , Nusheh Mohammad
Published: May 2014

Interest in lithium sources has been increasing because of wide applications of the metal in high-energy storage lithium batteries and its compounds in other fields. Lithium is found in sea and geothermal waters, lakes, brines and several minerals. Among several methods that have been suggested for the extraction of lithium from these resources such as adsorption (ion exchange), solvent extraction and co-precipitation, the adsorption method is more suitable for recovery of lithium from seawater because certain inorganic ion-exchange materials show extremely high selectivity only for lithium ions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of nano-structured zirconium oxide adsorbent for the recovery of lithium from the brine. The investigations on structure and chemical composition, morphology and Li+ adsorption properties of the adsorbents were carried out by X-ray diffractometer, field emission gun scanning electron microscope and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, lithium ion adsorptive isotherm and kinetic measurement. It was found that zirconium ion sieves had potential application for lithium recovery from aqueous phases, and under optimized conditions the maximum lithium uptake has been obtained 17 mg/g in lithium chloride solution. Kinetic experiments suggested that the adsorption process followed the Freundlich model.
Why NICU Nurses Mean So Much to Parents
Authors: Discenza Deborah
Published: May 2014

Parents of premature infants are grateful for their child’s NICU nurse. Take a step onto the parent’s side and see the top ten reasons parents are grateful for the nurses, and you might see some surprises.
Does the Mother’s Posture Have a Protective Role to Play During Skin-to-Skin Contact? Research Observations and Theories
Authors: Colson Suzanne
Published: May 2014

Skin-to-skin contact during the first hour following birth is the gold standard in breastfeeding. Although consecutive meta-analyses report no adverse effects, a recent review shows an increase in idiopathic sudden unexpected postnatal collapse (SUPC) in healthy term babies identifying
three main risk factors: skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and baby lying prone. Concurrently, authoritative visual materials tacitly promote maternal supine postures illustrating the breast crawl, a form of birth skin-to-skin contact. The naked baby lies on top of his or her mother’s body,
in close ventral contact with torso parallel to the floor—a position strongly associated with sudden infant death. Biological nurturing (BN) research, the first to examine maternal postural effects on breastfeeding success, suggests that a semireclined maternal position is optimal for
breastfeeding initiation. The maternal body slope ensures that the baby lies tilted, a position known to promote oxygenation. The angle of maternal recline, a variable central to BN but hitherto ignored in the skin-to-skin and SUPC literature, is unrelated to dress level. This commentary develops
a postural argument to increase understanding of the potential role played by the maternal body slope to reduce the risk of idiopathic SUPC.
Childbirth-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Symptoms and Impact on Breastfeeding
Authors: Kendall-Tackett Kathleen
Published: May 2014

Birth is a significant life event and generally a happy one. Although labor is often challenging, it can also be empowering, with mothers experiencing elation and strength. Unfortunately, for other women, birth can be difficult, can be overwhelming, and can lead to psychological trauma.
Some women may experience depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following their births. These effects can last for years and can cause difficulties in women’s relationships with their partners and their babies. Difficult births can also negatively affect breastfeeding. This article
describes the prevalence of PTSD after childbirth and summarizes the symptoms so that International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) can help recognize it and refer mothers to appropriate resources.
Supporting Breastfeeding Among Women on the Autistic Spectrum: Disability, Difference, and Delight
Authors: Pelz-Sherman Dori
Published: May 2014

Professionals supporting breastfeeding mothers who are on the autistic spectrum by providing information, guidance, and clinical considerations for lactation in settings that are medical, psychological, or private practice in lactation support, may benefit from this comprehensive overview.
The author outlines relevant symptoms and discusses how the practitioner-patient relationship could be impacted by characteristics associated with high-functioning autism and Aspergers, and includes a case study interview with a mother who has Aspergers. Practical guidelines for lactation
support are included.
Perception vs. Reality: An Investigation of the Misperceptions concerning the Extent of Peer Novel Drug Use
Authors: Sanders Amber , Stogner John M. , Miller Bryan Lee
Published: May 2014

Misperceptions of peer substance use have previously been implicated as significant influences on individual use of both alcohol and illicit drugs. However, research on perceived social norms and related interventions are typically limited to binge drinking and marijuana and no empirical studies have explored misperceptions related to “novel drugs.” The present study explored the extent of use and perceptions of use among a college sample ( N = 2,349) for three categories of novel drugs: synthetic cannabinoids (Spice, K2, Mr. Miyagi, Pot-Pourri, etc.), synthetic cathinones (commonly known as “bath salts”), and Salvia divinorum. Results indicate that overall perceived use was significantly higher than actual reported use. The frequency of overestimation of peer use was particularly large for the emerging drugs when compared to alcohol and marijuana. This finding is concerning as these misperceptions have the potential to influence students toward experimentation with these substances and suggests that a possible target for intervention is misperceptions of emerging novel substances.
Insights for Research and Practice: What We Learn about Fraud from Other Disciplines
Authors: Trompeter Gregory M. , Carpenter Tina D. , Jones Keith L. , Riley Richard A.
Published: May 2014

SYNOPSIS

We survey academic literature from non-accounting publications related to fraud and financial crimes: (1) to better understand the nature and extent of fraud acts from the perspective of non-accounting research; (2) to share with accounting researchers and practitioners ideas, theories, variables, constructs, and research designs used in other fields that might inform anti-fraud research and actions in accounting; and (3) to highlight opportunities for future research. This project extends the work of Hogan, Rezaee, Riley, and Velury (2008) and Trompeter, Carpenter, Desai, Jones, and Riley (2013) who completed fraud research synthesis projects in conjunction with the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association for the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). Our literature survey goes beyond immediate practice concerns and summarizes fraud-related literature that might inform research as well as practice in the future from approximately 30 journals in criminology, ethics, psychology, and sociology.
Chromogenomic changes after the use of methyl parathion on Ocimum Americanum L. in Eastern Zone of Nepal
Authors: Mishra KK
Published: May 2014

Fungicide like methyl Parathion was able to control the fusarial disease of Ocimum americanum L. but it caused Chromogenomic changes in the first progeny of the host plant. The parental colour was red, which became to green in the ratio 5-95%. Therefore, the use of the fungicide not only control the disease caused by the Fusarium oxysporum but also affects the genomes responsible for the colour. The investigation was from 1/11/2012 to 02/12/2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v11i0.10391 BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 128-130
Characterization of Frechet spaces with nuclear Kothe quotients
Authors: Sah Satya Narayan
Published: May 2014

In this paper our result based on the characterization of Frechet spaces with nuclear Kothe quotients is in terms of the following condition which labeled as ?. We show that a Frechet spaces E satisfies condition ? if and only if it has a quotient which admits continuous norm and satisfies condition ?. For the condition ?, there exists ? such that for every k there exists j such that the ?. ?kclosure of E′? is not closed in E′j. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v11i0.10397 BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 161-164
Some remarks on the definition of numbers
Authors: Palei GK , Karu PK
Published: May 2014

In this paper some remarks have been given on the definition of number. It is clear that Peano’s definition of a number and Frege-Russel definition of number are not satisfactory. Number states some things about the concept and not about the counted things themselves. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v11i0.10398 BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 165-168
Le groupe logico-mathématique : une fabrique du nombre pour enfants présentant des troubles d'apprentissage des mathématiques
Authors: Bernardeau Corinne , Devaux Marie-Claude , Josso-Faurite Claire , Scalabrini Jérôme
Published: May 2014

Alors que la plupart des praticiens se trouvent désorientés devant les graves échecs que présentent certains enfants dès leurs premiers apprentissages mathématiques, le présent travail relate huit années d’expérience, à l’unité de psychopathologie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent du centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, avec des jeunes « débutants » consultant pour incompréhension massive du domaine numérique. C’est à leur intention que des nouvelles modalités de prise en charge ont été progressivement élaborées. Les séances de travail en petits groupes réunissant, à chaque rentrée des classes, une dizaine d’enfants et deux « meneurs de jeu » (psychologues et/ou orthophonistes), selon un rythme hebdomadaire, a permis une prise en charge dynamique et efficace de jeunes écoliers en conflit avec les représentations du nombre, que celles-ci soient absentes ou, au contraire, envahissantes. Au cours de ces rencontres, jeux et échanges divers, le « groupe logico-mathématique » propose un lieu d’élaboration en commun où, hors d’une visée étroitement pédagogique, les « apprentis » en peine peuvent, dans une perspective thérapeutique, interroger les universaux pour mieux les « apprivoiser » suivant des trajets qui leur conviennent et leur permettent certaines formes d’appropriation.
Le placement sous surveillance électronique : espace et visibilité du châtiment virtuel
Authors: Allaria Camille
Published: May 2014

Nous faisons l’hypothèse que le mouvement de déterritorialisation de la sanction dans le placement sous surveillance électronique des condamnés, relève d’un double mécanisme : la disparition des aspects les plus tangibles du modèle de l’institution carcérale et la visibilité, grâce à la trace numérique, de l’espace intime du condamné. L’abandon du « corps enfermé » est rendu possible par une rationalisation et une normalisation de l’espace géographique de la peine, à distance.
Apprendre en stage : situation de travail, interactions et participation
Authors: Denoux Souâd
Published: May 2014

Se référant principalement aux théories de l’apprentissage au travail (workplace learning) et aux théories de la transmission, cet article s’intéresse à la formation des conducteurs de travaux en génie civil, secteur professionnel qui relève des métiers de l’expérience. Il examine l’impact des caractéristiques de l’organisation professionnelle, le rôle des interactions avec les tuteurs et les professionnels expérimentés, ainsi que l’exploitation par le stagiaire des ressources proposées par l’univers professionnel. L’analyse d’entretiens de stagiaires et de formateurs ainsi que des données issues de l’observation sur le terrain montrent que l’articulation entre facteurs organisationnels et individuels a une grande importance. Les situations de travail, les interactions du stagiaire avec les partenaires et son usage des ressources de l’environnement de travail, sous certaines conditions, infléchissent fortement les apprentissages réalisés en stage.
Antigen-Dependent versus -Independent Activation of Invariant NKT Cells during Infection
Authors: Holzapfel Keli L. , Tyznik Aaron J. , Kronenberg Mitchell , Hogquist Kristin A.
Published: May 2014

CD1d-reactive invariant NKT cells (iNKT) play a vital role in determining the characteristics of immune responses to infectious agents. Previous reports suggest that iNKT cell activation during infection can be: 1) solely driven by cytokines from innate immune cells, 2) require microbial Ag, or 3) require self-Ag. In this study, we examined the role of Ag receptor stimulation in iNKT cells during several bacterial and viral infections. To test for Ag receptor signaling, Nur77gfp BAC transgenic mice, which upregulate GFP in response to Ag receptor but not inflammatory signals, were analyzed. iNKT cells in the reporter mice infected with mouse CMV produced IFN-γ but did not upregulate GFP, consistent with their reported CD1d-independent activation. However, two bacteria known to produce lipid Ags for iNKT cells induced GFP expression and cytokine production. In contrast, although Salmonella typhimurium was proposed to induce the presentation of a self-lipid, iNKT cells produced IFN-γ but did not upregulate GFP postinfection in vivo. Even in CD1d-deficient hosts, iNKT cells were still able to produce IFN-γ after S. typhimurium infection. Furthermore, although it has been proposed that endogenous lipid presentation is a result of TLR stimulation of APCs, injection of different TLR agonists led to iNKT cell IFN-γ but not increased GFP expression. These data indicate that robust iNKT cell responses to bacteria, as well as viruses, can be obtained in the absence of antigenic stimulation.
Tidal energy conversion in a global hot spot: On the 3‐D dynamics of baroclinic tides at the Celtic Sea shelf break
Authors: Vlasenko Vasiliy , Stashchuk Nataliya , Inall Mark E. , Hopkins Joanne E.
Published: May 2014

Globally, the Celtic Sea shelf break is ranked highest as an energetic “hot spot” of tidal energy conversion, therefore making it the most significant contributor to global internal tidal energy flux. In this paper, the three‐dimensional dynamics of baroclinic tides in the shelf‐slope area of the Celtic Sea was investigated numerically and using observational data collected on the 376th cruise of the RV “RRS Discovery” in June 2012. The time series recorded at a shelf break mooring showed that semidiurnal internal waves were accompanied by packets of internal solitary waves with maximum amplitudes up to 105 m, the largest internal waves ever recorded in the Celtic Sea, and ranking among the largest observed in the global ocean. The observed baroclinic wavefields were replicated numerically using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model. A fine‐resolution grid with 115 m horizontal and 10 m vertical steps allowed the identification of two classes of short‐scale internal waves. The first classification was generated over headlands and resembles spiral‐type internal waves that are typical for isolated underwater banks. The second classification, generated within an area of several canyons, revealed properties of quasi‐planar internal wave packets. The observed in situ intensification of tidal bottom currents at the shelf break mooring is explained in terms of a tidal beam that was formed over supercritical bottom topography at the mooring location.
Forcing mechanisms of intraseasonal SST variability off central Peru in 2000–2008
Authors: Illig Serena , Dewitte Boris , Goubanova Katerina , Cambon Gildas , Boucharel Julien , Monetti Florian , Romero Carlos , Purca Sara , Flores Roberto
Published: May 2014

The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) intraseasonal variability (40–90 days) along the coast of Peru is commonly attributed to the efficient oceanic connection with the equatorial variability. Here we investigate the respective roles of local and remote equatorial forcing on the intraseasonal SST variability off central Peru (8°S–16°S) during the 2000–2008 period, based on the experimentation with a regional ocean model. We conduct model experiments with different open lateral boundary conditions and/or surface atmospheric forcing (i.e., climatological or not). Despite evidence of clear propagations of coastal trapped waves of equatorial origin and the comparable marked seasonal cycle in intraseasonal Kelvin wave activity and coastal SST variability (i.e., peak in Austral summer), this remote equatorial forcing only accounts for ∼20% of the intraseasonal SST regime, which instead is mainly forced by the local winds and heat fluxes. A heat budget analysis further reveals that during the Austral summer, despite the weak along‐shore upwelling (downwelling) favorable wind stress anomalies, significant cool (warm) SST anomalies along the coast are to a large extent driven by Ekman‐induced advection. This is shown to be due to the shallow mixed layer that increases the efficiency by which wind stress anomalies relates to SST through advection. Diabatic processes also contribute to the SST intraseasonal regime, which tends to shorten the lag between peak SST and wind stress anomalies compared to what is predicted from an advective mixed‐layer model.
How does the Redi parameter for mesoscale mixing impact global climate in an Earth System Model?
Authors: Pradal Marie‐Aude , Gnanadesikan Anand
Published: May 2014

A coupled climate model is used to examine the impact of an increase in the mixing due to mesoscale eddies on the global climate system. A sixfold increase in the Redi mixing coefficient ARedi, which is within the admissible range of variation, has the overall effect of warming the global‐mean surface air and sea surface temperatures by more than 1°C. Locally, sea surface temperatures increase by up to 7°C in the North Pacific and by up to 4°C in the Southern Ocean, with corresponding impacts on the ice concentration and ice extent in polar regions. However, it is not clear that the changes in heat transport from tropics to poles associated with changing this coefficient are primarily responsible for these changes. We found that the changes in the transport of heat are often much smaller than changes in long‐wave trapping and short‐wave absorption. Additionally, changes in the advective and diffusive transport of heat toward the poles often oppose each other. However, we note that the poleward transport of salt increases near the surface as ARedi increases. We suggest a causal chain in which enhanced eddy stirring leads to increased high‐latitude surface salinity reducing salt stratification and water column stability and enhancing convection, triggering two feedback loops. In one, deeper convection prevents sea ice formation, which decreases albedo, which increases SW absorption, further increasing SST and decreasing sea ice formation. In the other, increased SST and reduced sea ice allow for more water vapor in the atmosphere, trapping long‐wave radiation. Destratifying the polar regions is thus a potential way in which changes in ocean circulation might warm the planet.
Radiation environment at the Moon: Comparisons of transport code modeling and measurements from the CRaTER instrument
Authors: Porter Jamie A. , Townsend Lawrence W. , Spence Harlan , Golightly Michael , Schwadron Nathan , Kasper Justin , Case Anthony W. , Blake John B. , Zeitlin Cary
Published: May 2014

The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER), an instrument carried on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft, directly measures the energy depositions by solar and galactic cosmic radiations in its silicon wafer detectors. These energy depositions are converted to linear energy transfer (LET) spectra. High LET particles, which are mainly high‐energy heavy ions found in the incident cosmic ray spectrum, or target fragments and recoils produced by protons and heavier ions, are of particular importance because of their potential to cause significant damage to human tissue and electronic components. Aside from providing LET data useful for space radiation risk analyses for lunar missions, the observed LET spectra can also be used to help validate space radiation transport codes, used for shielding design and risk assessment applications, which is a major thrust of this work. In this work the Monte Carlo transport code HETC‐HEDS (High‐Energy Transport Code‐Human Exploration and Development in Space) is used to estimate LET contributions from the incident primary ions and their charged secondaries produced by nuclear collisions as they pass through the three pairs of silicon detectors. Also in this work, the contributions to the LET of the primary ions and their charged secondaries are analyzed and compared with estimates obtained using the deterministic space radiation code HZETRN 2010, developed at NASA Langley Research Center. LET estimates obtained from the two transport codes are compared with measurements of LET from the CRaTER instrument during the mission. Overall, a comparison of the LET predictions of the HETC‐HEDS code to the predictions of the HZETRN code displays good agreement. The code predictions are also in good agreement with the CRaTER LET measurements above 15 keV/µm but differ from the measurements for smaller values of LET. A possible reason for this disagreement between measured and calculated spectra below 15 keV/µm is an inadequate representation of the light ion spectra in HETC‐HEDS and HZETRN code calculations. It is also clear from the results of this work that Vavilov distributions need to be incorporated into the HETC‐HJEDS code before it will be able to recreate the observed LET spectra measured by the CRaTER instrument.
High‐resolution40Ar/39Ar dating using a mechanical sample transfer system combined with a high‐temperature cell for step heating experiments and a multicollector ARGUS noble gas mass spectrometer
Authors: Pfänder Jörg A. , Sperner Blanka , Ratschbacher Lothar , Fischer Albrecht , Meyer Martin , Leistner Martin , Schaeben Helmut
Published: May 2014

40Ar/39Ar dating of young (<1 Ma) and/or low potassium samples requires degassing of large amounts of material either by a laser or a furnace. A furnace excels in precise and reproducible temperature control and in providing a homogeneous temperature distribution even for relatively large sample amounts. For most systems, however, the degassed mineral or whole‐rock residues remain in the crucible after measurement. This reduces the thermal conductivity and increases the blank levels and baking times. To mitigate these problems, we combined a mechanical sample transfer system with a low volume (∼90 mL) high‐temperature cell. The system operates under ultrahigh vacuum and uses Mo‐crucibles, in which up to 1000 mg of sample is transferred into the furnace and taken out after degassing. The system has short baking times (20–30 min), highly reproducible heating conditions and an overall low blank level due to the absence of silicate (glassy) sample residue in the main crucible of the furnace. The system interconnects through a gas purification line with a low volume, high sensitivity multicollector ARGUS noble gas mass spectrometer. Intraday reproducibility of40Ar/36Ar ratios measured on air aliquots of >5 × 10−16mol36Ar is better than 0.5‰–1.0‰ (1σ,n = 4–8). We illustrate the system performance by40Ar/39Ar dating of whole‐rock samples and mineral separates from the Oman ophiolite as well as from the Siebengebirge, Heldburg, and Rhön volcanic provinces in Central Germany.
Spatiotemporal analysis of the January Northern Hemisphere circumpolar vortex over the contiguous United States
Authors: Ballinger Thomas J. , Allen Michael J. , Rohli Robert V.
Published: May 2014

January 2014 will be remembered for the sensationalized media usage of the term “polar vortex” which coincided with several polar air outbreaks. A United States polar vortex (USPV) perspective is presented to better understand the January spatial and temporal variability of this regional component of the Northern Hemisphere circumpolar vortex. Use of the monthly mean 5460 m isohypse to represent the location of the USPV extent and area revealed that the spatial features of the January 2014 USPV were not extreme relative to certain 1948–2013 Januaries. Furthermore, the Arctic Oscillation (AO), Pacific‐North American (PNA) Pattern, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are all linked to southernmost latitude of the USPV trough, but the PDO and PNA are most closely associated with the longitude at which this latitude occurs. The AO is closely related to the area of the United States enclosed within the USPV.
Influence of upper ocean stratification interannual variability on tropical cyclones
Authors: Vincent Emmanuel M. , Emanuel Kerry A. , Lengaigne Matthieu , Vialard Jérôme , Madec Gurvan
Published: May 2014

Climate modes, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), influence Tropical Cyclones (TCs) interannual activity through their effect on large‐scale atmospheric environment. These climate modes also induce interannual variations of subsurface oceanic stratification, which may also influence TCs. Changes in oceanic stratification indeed modulate the amplitude of TCs‐induced cooling, and hence the negative feedback of air‐sea interactions on the TC intensity. Here we use a dynamical downscaling approach that couples an axisymmetric TC model to a simple ocean model to quantify this interannual oceanic control on TC activity. We perform twin experiments with contrasted oceanic stratifications representative of interannual variability in each TC‐prone region. While subsurface oceanic variations do not significantly affect the number of moderate (Category 3 or less) TCs, they do induce a 30% change of Category 5 TC‐days globally, and a 70% change for TCs exceeding 85 m s−1. TCs in the western Pacific and the southwestern Indian Ocean are most sensitive to oceanic interannual variability (with a ∼10 m s−1 modulation of the intensity of strongest storms at low latitude), owing to large upper ocean variations in response to ENSO. These results imply that a representation of ocean stratification variability should benefit operational forecasts of intense TCs and the understanding of their climatic variability.
Controlled precipitation of energetic Van Allen belt protons by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves
Authors: de Soria‐Santacruz M. , Martinez‐Sanchez M. , Shprits Y. Y.
Published: May 2014

The high‐energy protons trapped in the inner Van Allen belt are a hazard to the man‐made space systems orbiting the region. We analyze the possibility of human control over these energetic particles by the transmission of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves from space‐based antennas. We examine the propagation of man‐made EMIC waves, their interaction with the energetic inner belt proton population, and the overall feasibility of controlled proton precipitation. The nature of the interaction between EMIC waves radiated from space‐based transmitters and energetic protons is different from the naturally occurring processes in the magnetosphere, the latter being dominated by gyroaveraged resonant interactions. In the case of man‐made EMIC waves, we show that off‐resonant interactions dominate the particles' scattering. However, our numerical simulations show that both the radiation and interaction processes are very inefficient, to the point that, with the current technology, it is not feasible to remediate the proton belt using space‐based transmitters.
Radiation dose forecast of WASAVIES during ground‐level enhancement
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho , Sato Tatsuhiko , Kubo Yûki , Shiota Daikou , Kuwabara Takao , Yashiro Seiji , Yasuda Hiroshi
Published: May 2014

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) sometimes induce powerful air showers that significantly increase the radiation dose at flight altitudes. In order to provide information of such a space radiation hazard to aircrew, a forecast model is developed for WASAVIES (Warning System of Aviation Exposure to SEP), based on the focused transport equation of solar protons and Monte Carlo particle transport simulation of the air shower. WASAVIES gives a simple and fast way to predict the time profile of dose rate during ground‐level enhancements.
Middle distillates production via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis with integrated upgrading under supercritical conditions
Authors: Zhang Sihe , Xu Rui , Durham Ed , Roberts Christopher B.
Published: May 2014

A vertically aligned fixed‐bed reactor system with a cascade of three sequential catalyst beds has been used to incorporate Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) in the first bed, oligomerization (O) in the second bed, and hydrocracking/isomerization (HC or C) in the third bed (FTOC). Compared to gas phase FTS (GP‐FT) alone, gas phase FTS with the subsequent upgrading beds (GP‐FTOC) is demonstrated to result in a reduction in the olefin selectivity, a reduction in the C26+ selectivity, and a marked enhancement in the production of branched paraffins and aromatics. Utilization of supercritical hexane as the reaction medium in supercritical FTS (SC‐FT) and supercritical phase FTOC (SC‐FTOC) resulted in a significant reduction in both CH4 selectivity and CO2 selectivity. Interestingly, significant amounts of aldehydes and cyclo‐paraffins were collected in SC‐FT and in SC‐FTOC, respectively, while not being observed in traditional gas phase operation (both GP‐FT and GP‐FTOC). © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2573–2583, 2014
Particle‐scale investigation of the solid dispersion and residence properties in a 3‐D spout‐fluid bed
Authors: Yang Shiliang , Luo Kun , Fan Jianren , Cen Kefa
Published: May 2014

Three‐dimensional modeling of the gas–solid flow in a spout‐fluid bed is conducted at the particle‐scale level. Both the local and systematic dispersion behaviors of solid phase are initially investigated. Then, the solid circulating and resident behaviors are discussed. The results demonstrate that vigorously lateral solid dispersion appears in the spout region and the periphery of the fountain, whereas intensely vertical dispersion exists in the central region of the bed. Moreover, the inlet configuration of bed strongly affects the distribution of lateral dispersion, while its influence on the vertical one disappears in the fountain. Strong anisotropy of solid dispersion along the three directions is obtained. Systematic dispersion intensity along the vertical direction is an order of magnitude larger than the lateral one. In addition, two circulating patterns of solid phase can be identified. Solid residence time is the smallest in the spout region and the largest in the bottom corner. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2788–2804, 2014
Anti‐HLA alloantibodies in surgical patients refractory to platelet transfusion
Authors: Peña Jeremy Ryan A. , Saidman Susan L. , Girouard Timothy C. , Meister Erin , Dzik Walter H. , Makar Robert S.
Published: May 2014

Alloimmune platelet refractoriness (alloPR) among actively bleeding surgical patients with thrombocytopenia represents a life‐threatening problem. Here we present three cases in which surgical bleeding was complicated by life‐threatening thrombocytopenia and alloPR. We demonstrate that the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) antibodies associated with alloPR are broadly reactive and in high concentration, are not removed by hemodilution, and are not absorbed by transfusion of multiple doses of platelet concentrates. HLA alloPR may be under‐recognized among surgical patients. Research is needed to develop pre‐operative screening methods that will identify patients in need of specialized platelet support using HLA compatible donor products. Am. J. Hematol. 89:E133–E137, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small juxtacortical hemorrhages in cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Coutinho Jonathan M. , van den Berg René , Zuurbier Susanna M. , VanBavel Ed , Troost Dirk , Majoie Charles B. , Stam Jan
Published: May 2014

Objective

Intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) are common in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We examined whether small juxtacortical hemorrhages (JCHs) are characteristic for CVT and studied their radiological and pathological properties.

Methods

We identified all patients with CVT and an ICH at baseline admitted between 2000 and 2011 (prospectively from July 2006). JCH was defined as a hemorrhage (diameter < 20mm) located in the white matter just below the cortex. To determine the specificity of JCHs for CVT, we examined the frequency of JCHs in a control group of patients of similar age with an ICH not related to CVT.

Results

Of 114 patients with CVT, 53 had an ICH. JCHs were present in 14 of the 53 (26%). The remaining 39 had other kinds of hemorrhages. Papilledema was more common among patients with a JCH compared to patients with other types of ICHs (44% vs 9%, p = 0.01). All patients with a JCH except 1 had thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus, compared to 49% of patients with CVT and other kinds of hemorrhages (p = 0.004). Reanalysis of all imaging data and histopathologic analysis in 1 patient showed that JCHs are located near the U‐fibers and that they follow the curvature of the cortex. Among 196 control patients (spontaneous ICH, not caused by CVT), only 3 patients had a JCH. One of these 3 appeared on re‐examination of all imaging results to have had CVT.

Interpretation

Small nontraumatic JCHs are a characteristic feature of CVT and are rarely encountered in other conditions. Ann Neurol 2014;75:908–916