bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Adaptations and Substrate Oxidation are Unaffected by Exogenous Testosterone Administration during Energy Deficit in Men
Authors: MARGOLIS LEE M. , MARLATT KARA L. , BERRYMAN CLAIRE E. , HOWARD EMILY E. , MURPHY NANCY E. , CARRIGAN CHRISTOPHER T. , HARRIS MELISSA N. , BEYL ROBBIE A. , RAVUSSIN ERIC , PASIAKOS STEFAN M. , ROOD JENNIFER C.
Published: December 2022

Introduction/Purpose

The effects of testosterone on energy and substrate metabolism during energy deficit are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of weekly testosterone enanthate (TEST; 200 mg·wk−1) injections on energy expenditure, energy substrate oxidation, and related gene expression during 28 d of energy deficit compared with placebo (PLA).

Methods

After a 14-d energy balance phase, healthy men were randomly assigned to TEST (n = 24) or PLA (n = 26) for a 28-d controlled diet- and exercise-induced energy deficit (55% below total energy needs by reducing energy intake and increasing physical activity). Whole-room indirect calorimetry and 24-h urine collections were used to measure energy expenditure and energy substrate oxidation during balance and deficit. Transcriptional regulation of energy and substrate metabolism was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction from rested/fasted muscle biopsy samples collected during balance and deficit.

Results

Per protocol design, 24-h energy expenditure increased (P < 0.05) and energy intake decreased (P < 0.05) in TEST and PLA during deficit compared with balance. Carbohydrate oxidation decreased (P < 0.05), whereas protein and fat oxidation increased (P < 0.05) in TEST and PLA during deficit compared with balance. Change (∆; deficit minus balance) in 24-h energy expenditure was associated with ∆activity factor (r = 0.595), but not ∆fat-free mass (r = 0.147). Energy sensing (PRKAB1 and TP53), mitochondria (TFAM and COXIV), fatty acid metabolism (CD36/FAT, FABP, CPT1b, and ACOX1) and storage (FASN), and amino acid metabolism (BCAT2 and BCKHDA) genes were increased (P < 0.05) during deficit compared with balance, independent of treatment.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate that increased physical activity and not exogenous testosterone administration is the primary determinate of whole-body and skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations during diet- and exercise-induced energy deficit.
PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AS A PRACTICAL EXPRESSION OF SOCIAL IDEALS
Authors: Erokhin Alexey K.
Published: December 2022

Background. Philosophy of law is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of law, especially in its relation to human values, relationships, and practice. The points of views to the nature of law often depend on the philosophical position taken by a particular philosopher or group of philosophers. As a result, legal philosophy becomes the object of heated discussions, the main feature of which is reduced to the question of what is due and being, i.e. can and should positivist law replace the traditional values developed by mankind as regulators of behavior and relationships.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the relationship between the philosophy of law as a “special” or “private” discipline and “general” philosophy. The subject of the study is the philosophical ideas of a rational approach to law as a practice.

Methods. The research method is the analysis of scientific literature and philosophical reflection.

Conclusions. In the philosophy of law the decisive factor is not so much its attitude to general philosophy, but the relationship between the philosophy of law and the law itself.

Results. The effectiveness of the work done lies in the fact that the findings allow us to consider the philosophy of law as a practical philosophy. The results obtained can be used in further practical and theoretical studies of philosophy and theory of law.
PROBLEM OF ACHIEVING A FULL-FLEDGED REALIA TRANSLATION
Authors: Artemyeva Julia V. , Yavari Julia V.
Published: December 2022

Background. The researchers’ task is to determine in due time the main trends leading to changes in languages, their structures in order to be able to influence negative phenomena, turning them into positive dynamics.

Purpose. The purpose of the study reflected in this article is to establish the main methods and techniques for translating realia in a fiction text as well as to highlight the features of the transfer of Sovietisms from Russian into English and German and identify the difference in the transfer of the same lexeme from one language to another in a verbal and verbal-non-verbal environment.

Materials and methods. Analyzing and comparing the translations from Russian into English and into German of the novel Heart of a Dog by M.A. Bulgakov and the film directed by V.V. Bortko of the same name Heart of a Dog , we can assert that translators, using many of the means and methods of conveying the realia in translation, sometimes agreeing in opinions, sometimes choosing different ways, giving preference to the means most appropriate to the specific perception of the works, most often choose such ways of conveying Sovietism as calcification, transcription, in most cases in the form of «vocabulary» transcription, which makes it possible to talk about the use of equivalents, functional analogue and replacement.

Results. The data in the article demonstrate the difference of realia translation of the novel and its film adaptation. The results agree well with previous observations and prove the need for further study.

Practical implications. The results reflected in the article can be used in research activity, in teaching and other spheres of education.
Audit in the National Security System of the State
Authors: Arabyan Knarik
Published: December 2022

Being the only independent type of financial control, it is the audit that provides, in accordance with the legally established procedure, an official opinion on the reliability of accounting (financial) statements to all interested users. At the present stage, the purpose and objectives of the audit do not fully meet the needs of users of accounting (financial) statements, which led to a crisis of confidence in the audit services market. In 2022, the situation in auditing activities has changed significantly due to the fact that unprecedented sanctions in terms of scale and nature have been and are being permanently introduced against our country, which radically changes the strategy for the further socio-economic development of the state. The current situation in Russia requires the mobilization of all resources to protect the national interests of the state. One of the tools of financial security is an independent audit. The article substantiates the role of audit in the modern economy and the importance of mandatory audit in the formation of national security.
Cyberchondria and health anxiety in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: kazgan kılıçaslan aslı , yıldız sevler , gür canan , uğur kerim
Published: December 2022

Aim of the study

The purpose of the study is to investigate the cyberchondria attitudes, health anxiety and their correlation with each other in Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) patients.

Subject or material and methods

68 patients diagnosed with FMS according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 2010 diagnostic criteria and 68 healthy individuals with similar sociodemographic characteristics and meeting the study criteria were included in the study. Sociodemographic Data Form, Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), and Health Anxiety Inventory-Short Version (HAI) were administered to all participants.

Results

The sub-dimensions of the CSS total, distress, excessiveness, reassurance, and mistrust of medical professional and the HAI body sub-dimension and total score of the patient group were found to be significantly higher than the scores of the control group (p<0.001). There is a significant positive correlation between HAI total score and FIQ score (p= 0.018) (r=.285). A positive and significant relationship was found between the CSS-total score and the HAI sub-dimensions and total score (p= 0.002, r=.377).

Discussion

Our study shows that health anxiety and cyberchondria are high in patients with FMS and that disease severity and health anxiety increase in direct proportion. Due to these results, it may be wise to periodically check the cyberchondria and health anxiety levels of these patients and to include psychiatric view in the treatment of the patients.

Conclusions

Doctors can refer patients who have health concerns and who have comorbid psychiatric symptoms for psychoeducation, as well as protect patients from uncontrolled anxiety by referring them only to reliable and accurate online sites.
Editorial
Authors: Cyranka Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

The end of the year is a time for some summaries, and 2022 was a year of many events and crises affecting our mental health: the ongoing pandemic, the war in Ukraine, the economic crisis with rocketing fuel prices or inflation to name but a few.
But after the shortest day of the year, the longer ones come ahead, and just as light finally triumphs over darkness, so are we looking forward to the upcoming 2023 with hope.

This issue of the APP opens with the paper by Magdalena Chęć et al., reflecting on the relationship between temperament and addiction to psychoactive substances in young adults.
Lipschitz Bernoulli Utility Functions
Authors: Ok Efe A. , Weaver Nik
Published: December 2022

We obtain several variants of the classic von Neumann–Morgenstern expected utility theorem with and without the completeness axiom in which the derived Bernoulli utility functions are Lipschitz. The prize space in these results is an arbitrary separable metric space, and the utility functions are allowed to be unbounded. The main ingredient of our results is a novel (behavioral) axiom on the underlying preference relations, which is satisfied by virtually all stochastic orders. The proof of the main representation theorem is built on the fact that the dual of the Kantorovich–Rubinstein space is (isometrically isomorphic to) the Banach space of Lipschitz functions that vanish at a fixed point. An application to the theory of nonexpected utility is also provided.
On-Demand Delivery from Stores: Dynamic Dispatching and Routing with Random Demand
Authors: Liu Sheng , Luo Zhixing
Published: December 2022

Problem definition: On-demand delivery has become increasingly popular around the world. Motivated by a large grocery chain store who offers fast on-demand delivery services, we model and solve a stochastic dynamic driver dispatching and routing problem for last-mile delivery systems where on-time performance is the main target. The system operator needs to dispatch a set of drivers and specify their delivery routes facing random demand that arrives over a fixed number of periods. The resulting stochastic dynamic program is challenging to solve because of the curse of dimensionality. Methodology/results: We propose a novel structured approximation framework to approximate the value function via a parametrized dispatching and routing policy. We analyze the structural properties of the approximation framework and establish its performance guarantee under large-demand scenarios. We then develop efficient exact algorithms for the approximation problem based on Benders decomposition and column generation, which deliver verifiably optimal solutions within minutes. Managerial implications: The evaluation results on a real-world data set show that our framework outperforms the current policy of the company by 36.53% on average in terms of delivery time. We also perform several policy experiments to understand the value of dynamic dispatching and routing with varying fleet sizes and dispatch frequencies.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72222011 and 72171112], China Association for Science and Technology [Grant 2019QNRC001], and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grant RGPIN-2022-04950].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1171 .
Pregnancy and childbirth: male partner involvement in Uasin Gishu, Kenya
Authors: Kamau Tabitha , Riang’a Roselyter Monchari , Mwanzia Lydia , Buluku Elizabeth , Sawe Caroline , Wambugu Beth , Patel Kirtika , Mutai Judith , Jomo Pauline Mwenje , Kemboi Sharon , Talam Patricia Chepchumba , Sang Cindy
Published: December 2022

Introduction

In many African countries, pregnancy and childbirth has traditionally been regarded as a woman’s affair. As a result, male partner involvement and participation in pregnancy and childbirth has been minimal, which is thought to have contributed to the high rate of maternal and neonatal morbidities and mortalities. Male partners are often key decision-makers in African households for cultural reasons, yet their role in pregnancy and childbirth is not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to examine and document male partner involvement in maternal healthcare in Kenya.

Methods

A health facility-based cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Systematic random sampling was used to select 384 women seeking maternal and child healthcare at Uasin Gishu County Hospital. The participants were interviewed using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires.

Results

Almost a third of participants (32%) reported never being accompanied by their partners to maternity clinic visits, while 41% were accompanied only for HIV counselling and testing. Over half of respondents reported that their partners provided a fare or transport to the antenatal clinic (55%) and that they were supported when taking iron and folic acid supplements (58%). Just over a third of participants reported their partners took them to the hospital during labour (37%). Only 8% of male partners were present during labour and birth, 55% provided money to travel home after the birth and less than a fifth (19%) accompanied their wives home after birth.

Conclusions

Male partner involvement in maternal care is very low in Uasin Gishu county. Male partner involvement needs to be recognised and addressed in health education because of the potential benefits to both maternal and child health outcomes. Health systems should focus on providing couple-friendly antenatal care services. Maternal health intervention strategies and policies that inadvertently isolate men from active engagement in antenatal and postnatal health programmes should be reviewed.
‘She is my wife and I have to support her’: exploring cervical cancer awareness and perceptions of married men in a Ghanaian community
Authors: Enyan Nancy Innocentia Ebu , Aderoju Yaa Boahemaa Gyasi , Amissah-Essel Salome
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims

Cervical cancer prevention and elimination require a multi-faceted approach. This study explored married men’s awareness of cervical cancer, their perceptions of cervical cancer screening and their willingness to support their spouses with screening.

Methods

This descriptive qualitative study design recruited 15 purposively selected married men aged 20 years or older living in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. In-depth interviews were conducted with a semi-structured interview guide and data were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

There was high awareness of cervical cancer among the participants. The main themes were participants’ knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and screening, and supporting partners with cervical cancer screening. Each theme had two subthemes. The subthemes regarding knowledge were ‘lack of knowledge about the disease’ and ‘lack of knowledge of preventive measures’, the subthemes on perception were ‘a normal disease’ and ‘doctors are trained’, and the subthemes for support were ‘financial support’ and ‘encouragement’.

Conclusions

Efforts to increase uptake of cervical cancer screening should focus on educating married men about the disease, as they can support their spouses to attend cervical cancer screening services.
The use of long-acting reversible contraceptives: a quasi-experimental study in Indonesia
Authors: Veri Nora , Lajuna Lia , Alchalidi Alchalidi , Dewita Dewita , Chipojola Roselyn
Published: December 2022

Background

Contraceptive counselling and mobile applications may positively increase the use of contraceptives among married women. This study's aim was to examine the effect of structured counselling and mobile applications on knowledge, self-efficacy and the intention to use long-acting reversible contraceptives.

Methods

This was a quasi-experimental study with participants who received either structured counselling and use of a mobile app (n=50) or only routine counselling (n=50) in two healthcare centres with family planning services in Langsa, Indonesia. Chi-squared and the independent t-test as well as a general equational model were used to analyse the results.

Results

There was a significant improvement in knowledge, self-efficacy and the intention to use long-acting reversible contraceptives use after 12 weeks in both groups. The differences in knowledge, self-efficacy and intention to use long-acting reversible contraceptives between groups after 4 and 12 weeks were statistically significant (P<0.001).

Conclusions

A combination of 12-week structured counselling and mobile application use can effectively increase knowledge and self-efficacy, affecting the intention to use long-acting reversible contraceptives of married women in Indonesia.
Staying vigilant
Authors: Hudson Susan
Published: December 2022

Susan Hudson takes a closer look at the possibility of scrapping the sugar tax, and why it has caused outrage.
Social butterfly
Authors: Starkey Gemma
Published: December 2022

Gemma Starkey outlines her progression from young dental nurse to a fully-fledged social media consultant!
Characteristics of patients with rheumatic heart disease in a national referral hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Rudiktyo Estu , Wind Annemieke , Doevendans Pieter , Siswanto Bambang Budi , Cramer Maarten-Jan , Soesanto Amiliana Mardiani
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is one of the most common cardiovascular problems in Indonesia. Comprehensive data regarding patient characteristics are critical in planning optimal treatment strategies to relieve the burden of RHD. This study aimed to describe the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients across several types of valvular lesions in RHD in the Indonesian population.

METHODS This retrospective study was performed between January 2016 and June 2019 at the National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia. The study population comprised all patients with significant valve disease aged ≥18 years. Patient characteristics and echocardiographic parameters were collected retrospectively from medical records and hospital information systems. Patients were classified into several groups based on etiologies of valve disease.

RESULTS Of 5,482 patients with significant valve lesions, 2,333 (42.6%) were RHD patients. They were predominantly female (64.1%) and younger (mean [standard deviation] age 42.61 [12.01] years). Atrial fibrillation (AF) was the most frequent rhythm disorder observed in RHD (65.4%). Isolated mitral stenosis was the most common valve lesion in RHD patients (46.5%). Most patients with RHD had preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. Half of the patients with mitral stenosis had reduced right ventricular (RV) contractility (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion <17 mm).

CONCLUSIONS Isolated mitral stenosis was the most observed condition of valve lesions in RHD. Characteristics of RHD patients in this study were predominantly female, younger age, had preserved LV function, reduced RV function, and high prevalence of AF.
Tilted fiber grating polarizer in a 40-µm polarization-maintaining fiber
Authors: Chen Lin , Mao Yuzheng , Jiang Biqiang , Zhao Jianlin
Published: December 2022

The optical polarizer is a crucial component widely used in many optical systems and
applications. Fiber-optic polarizers have the merits of excellent
compatibility and ease of integration with other fiber components. We
report an in-line polarizer enabled by a 45° tilted fiber
grating inscribed into a specialty fiber for the next generation
fiber-optic gyroscope, i.e., a 40-µm ultra-fine-diameter
tiger-type polarization-maintaining fiber with which the size of
fiber-optic sensors can be miniaturized. The results show that a
40-mm-long polarizer operates at a center wavelength of around
830 nm with high-performance characteristics, such as a
polarization extinction ratio exceeding 30 dB, a low insertion
loss of less than 1.5 dB, and a large 3-dB optical bandwidth
more than 60 nm. This kind of fiber-optic polarizer may have a
broad scope across applications and systems such as fiber lasers and
sensors, especially high-precision fiber-optic gyroscopes.
Aberration measurements by a Talbot wavefront sensor in the presence of intensity variations
Authors: Kotov Myhailo , Danko Volodymyr , Goloborodko Andrii
Published: December 2022

This paper deals with theoretical investigations of the measurement accuracy of optical aberrations by a Talbot wavefront sensor in the presence of random amplitude variations. The theoretical prediction of the intensity distribution for gratings of any type based on their spatial spectrum is obtained, and it is shown that the grating is fully restored in the Talbot plane even for a high fraction of random amplitude. The possibilities of the self-imaging phenomenon are investigated based on the simulation results. The simulation results show that pit displacement error increases when the correlation length decreases or when the grating spatial spectrum increases. For second- and third-order aberrations, the intensity variations decrease the measured value and increment value of aberrations of the same order.
Binary geometric-phase holograms
Authors: Warriner N. Zane , Escuti Michael J.
Published: December 2022

Diffractive optics elements have exhibited many novel characteristics through various methods of employing Pancharatnam-Berry, or geometric, phase. One geometric-phase hologram (GPH) subset, consisting of a π-difference binary sampling, shows polarization-independent properties that are not present in the continuous GPH and the dynamic-phase binary analog. Here, we investigate the binary geometric-phase holograms (bin-GPHs) realized with anisotropic liquid crystal (LC) polymers. First, the optical properties of the ideal binary polarization grating are derived and simulated showing 81% cumulative first-order efficiency, polarization-independent diffraction when applying a π-switching scheme, innate odd (m = 2k + 1) diffractive orders, and variable polarization output. After, experimental results of two key bin-GPH elements, the binary polarization grating (Λ = 30μm) and binary geometric-phase lens (f/100), with π-offset regions and a 0.5μm transition pixel are presented. We found that the fabricated non-ideal bin-GPHs exhibit near-maximum theoretical polarization-insensitive diffraction efficiency and tunable polarization outputs. The simple, and scalable, fabrication of the anisotropic bin-GPH provides the potential for implementation within the next-generation near-eye displays for polarization-invariant beam-steering and waveguides.
Effect of spatial distortions in head-mounted displays on visually induced motion sickness
Authors: Xia Zhenping , Zhang Yueyuan , Ma Fengyun , Cheng Cheng , Hu Fuyuan
Published: December 2022

Incomplete optical distortion correction in VR HMDs leads to spatial dynamic distortion, which is a potential cause of VIMS. A perception experiment is designed for the investigation with three spatial distortion levels, with the subjective SSQ, five-scale VIMS level rating, and objective postural instability adopted as the evaluation metrics. The results show that the factor of spatial distortion level has a significant effect on all metrics increments (p<0.05). As the spatial distortion level drops off, the increments of VIMS symptoms decrease. The study highlights the importance of perfect spatial distortion correction in VR HMDs for eliminating the potential VIMS aggravation effect.
CORRECTING A MINOR ERROR: A NEW NAME FOR A MARANTACEAE SPECIES FROM NEW GUINEA
Authors: Turner Ian
Published: December 2022

TURNER, I. M. 2022. Correcting a minor error: a new name for a Marantaceae species from New Guinea. Reinwardtia 21(2): 81‒82. — The new name, Phrynium cominsia I.M.Turner, and lectotype are published for Cominsia minor Valeton (Marantaceae)
On two species of Dracocephalum L. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Lazkov Georgiy A. , Vesselova Polina V.
Published: December 2022

A composition of taxa included in Dracocephalum imberbe Bunge s. l. is discussed. Species rank of D. laniflorum Rupr. is reinstated based on the following characters: underground part is represented by a system of branching rhizomes, bracts absent, calyx 12–14 mm long, with triangular or narrowly triangular, pointless teeth, the middle tooth of the upper lip up to 1.5 times wider than the lateral ones and plant being nearly scentless. In contrast, in D. imberbeunderground part is represented by the taproot and developed branches of the caudex, bracts present, with well-developed non-rigid points, calyx 15–18 mm long, with lanceolate or narrowly triangular pointed (though not rigid) teeth, the middle tooth of the upper lip 1.5–2 times wider than the lateral ones, the presence of a smell that persists in herbarium specimens. Dracocephalum laniflorum is firstly reported for flora of Kazakhstan (Almaty Region) and China(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) based on the study of herbarium materials stored in AA and LE, as well as scanned herbarium specimens stored in MW, HNWP and PE, which were available through the Moscow Digital Herbarium and Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH) systems.
Liver Disease: A Retrospective Hospital Based Study in Addis Ababa-Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Selam , Desallegn Hailu , Erkabu Samson , Demeke Bisrat
Published: December 2022

Background
Liver disease has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its epidemiologic and clinical pattern, however, is not well characterized in sub-Saharan countries.

Objective
This study aimed to describe demographic, clinical characteristics, and patterns of liver disease in a community hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Method
A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted on patients with liver disease admitted at Ras Desta Damtew memorial hospital, in Addis Ababa-Ethiopia, from February 2015 to April 2020.

Result
Of the total 212 patients majority, 78.8% were male, 49.1% of patients were in the age range of 31-50 with a median age of 42. The most common initial clinical presentation was ascites (87.7 %), and more than half of patients (56.6%) had a history of alcohol misuse documented on their medical charts. Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) was found in 177 (83.5%), and Hepatocellular Cancer accounted for 7.5% of the patients. Alcohol misuse caused 45% of chronic Liver Disease, followed by Hepatitis B virus infection.

Conclusion
Chronic liver disease is the most common form of liver disease, and the most affected were middle-aged men. The common cause of chronic liver disease was alcohol followed by hepatitis B virus infection.
Insights on the Thermal and Physical Stability of the Modified Polymerizable Liposomes for Improved Photoactivity
Authors: Kalyanram Poornima , Tiwari Amit , Hussein Noor , Gupta Anju
Published: December 2022

We investigated physical steric and thermal stability effects induced by cholesterol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in liposomes encapsulated with riboflavin. The composition of liposome was varied systematically to decipher the individual and combined effects of cholesterol and PEG on the stabilization of liposomes, specially the photopolymerizable liposomes for their potential applications in photo-treatments. Our results indicate that inclusion of PEG in the lipids enhances the steric stabilization by adopting a brush-like regime that prevents the agglomeration of encapsulated liposomes. A mechanistic differential scanning calorimetry studies reveal the phase transitions and enthalpy changes in the lipid bilayer due to the presence of cholesterol suggesting its role in regulating membrane fluidity. Supporting in- vitro studies confirm the efficacy of PEGylated formulations encapsulating riboflavin.
Patency Capsule: A Novel Independent Predictor for Long-Term Outcomes Among Patients With Quiescent Crohn's Disease
Authors: Ukashi Offir , Kopylov Uri , Ungar Bella , Haj-Natour Ola , Selinger Limor , Neuman Sandra , Yanai Henit , Dotan Iris , Yablecovitch Doron , Lahat Adi , Eliakim Rami , Ben-Horin Shomron ,   for the Israeli IBD Research Nucleus (IIRN)
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Patency capsule (PC) is a recommended procedure to rule out small bowel stenosis before video capsule endoscopy (VCE). We examined future clinical outcomes among patients with a failed PC vs patients in whom the PC had passed (passed PC).

METHODS:

A post hoc analysis of 2 prospective cohort studies of adult patients with quiescent small bowel Crohn's disease (CD) who underwent PC between 2013 and 2020. The primary composite outcome was the need for intestinal surgery or endoscopic dilation during follow-up in patients with or without a failed PC.

RESULTS:

A total of 190 patients were included (47: failed PC and 143: passed PC, median follow-up 34.12 months). Patients with a failed PC had higher rates of the primary composite outcome (21.3% vs 1.4%, hazard ratio [HR] 20.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4–93.7, P < 0.001) and also secondary outcomes including intestinal surgery (14.9% vs 0.70%, P < 0.001), endoscopic dilation (14.9% vs 0.70%, P < 0.001), admissions (23.3% vs 5.7%, P < 0.001), and clinical flares (43.9% vs 27.7%, P = 0.005) during follow-up compared with controls. Failed PC was the only statistically significant factor for surgery and/or endoscopic dilation, regardless of a B2/B3 phenotype at baseline. In sensitivity analyses restricted only to patients with a stricturing phenotype (n = 73), a failed PC still predicted the long-term composite outcome (HR 8.68, 95% CI 1.72–43.68, P = 0.002). Of the 190 patients ingesting a PC, only 1 patient with a failed PC had 48 hours of self-limiting mild symptoms.

DISCUSSION:

Patients with clinically stable CD with a failed PC have worse long-term clinical outcomes than those without, independently of the CD phenotype. Standalone PC may serve as a novel, safe, and affordable prognostic examination to identify patients with quiescent CD who have a higher risk for future worse clinical outcomes.
Actionable mutations in non-small cell lung cancer in patients at hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Ecuador 2017–2020
Authors: Fernández Freire Miguel Ángel , Gálvez Salazar Gabriela Isabel , Scudeler Mariana Meira , Rodrigues-Soares Fernanda , Jaramillo Koupermann Gabriela Fernanda , Moreno Ocampo Andrea Paola
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Determine the frequency of actionable mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their correlation with overall survival (OS) and the site of metastases.

Methods

We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study at the Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Ecuador, between 2017 and 2020. Demographic, pathological, and molecular alterations in epidermal growth factor (EGFR), Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and clinical data detailed in patients’ medical records with metastatic NSCLC were collected and analyzed.

Seventy-nine stage IV patients had NSCLC; adenocarcinoma histology represents 56 (70.9%). The predominant mutation was in EGFR (22.8%); the most common variant was the deletion of exon 19 (72.2%). The most common metastatic site was in the contralateral lung (22.3%); however, this variable showed no significant correlation to the molecular markers (p=0.057). The overall survival (OS) and the status of molecular markers are not statistically significant (p=0.27). OS was better for non-mutated EGFR than for mutated EGFR (p=0.012). However, the frequency values are unrelated to contralateral lung metastasis or survival.

Conclusions

Our frequency mutations are concordant with those found in other studies in Latin America. EGFR was the most common biomarker mutation, and there was a better OS in EGFR non-mutated patient.
Selection of MR damper model suitable for SMC applied to semi-active suspension system by using similarity measures
Authors: Hidayat Raymundus Lullus Lambang Govinda , Wibowo  , Santoso Budi , Imaddudin Fitrian , Ubaidillah
Published: December 2022

This article discusses the research to determine the suitable magnetorheological (MR) damper model to produce the damping force generated by the sliding mode control (SMC) strategy. The MR damper models studied are parametric, i.e., the Bingham model, the Bouc-Wen model, and the Bouc-Wen model with a hyperbolic tangent function. The damping force of SMC usually includes sudden changes in the force and chattering. The research was carried out by calculating the value of the similarity measure of the damping force of the controller and the damping force of each model. The results show that the two Bouc Wen models had a high similarity measure. The Bouc Wen model with the hyperbolic tangent function was selected because it provides a sudden change of force and reasonable force tracking needed to develop the inverse MR damper model.
Exercise modulation in inflammation and metabolic hormonal disorders of COVID-19 to decrease risk factors in coronary heart disease
Authors: Avazpour Sahar , Amini Amin , Shirvani Hossein , Arabzadeh Ehsan
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Sedentary life style separated during COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are vulnerable with sedentary life style. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of combined and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on C Reactive protein, galectin-3, leptin, fibrinogen and insulin resistance index in coronary heart disease after COVID-19.

Methods

Thirty-six cardiovascular patients (55.14 ± 1.4 years, 78.6 ± 5.1 kg) were divided into three groups of combined exercise (n=13), HIIT (n=12) and control group (n=11). Combined exercise consisted of aerobic (4 weeks) and aerobic + HIIT exercise (4 weeks), three sessions per weeks. The protocol of the HIIT group included performing high intensity interval training, three sessions per weeks for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken 24 h before the first training session and 48 h after the last training. C Reactive protein (CRP), galectin-3, leptin, fibrinogen measured with ELISA kit.

Results

CRP, galectin-3 and fibrinogen decreased significantly after 8 weeks of combined training and HIIT (compare to pre-test). Also, insulin resistance index after 8 weeks of combined exercise showed a significant decrease compare to pre-test (p<0.05). After 8 weeks, CRP, galectin-3 and insulin resistance significantly decreased compare to control group (p<0.05).

Conclusions

In the patient with CVD, combined exercise training may be more effective than HIIT in reducing metabolic and heart risk factors after an epidemic such as COVID-19. However, change of leptin need to more studies.
CFD simulating of air moisture distribution inside the dryer and investigating its effect on the shrinkage rate of dried apples
Authors: Safari Javad , Hashemi Seyyed Jafar , Ranjbar Nedamani Azadeh
Published: December 2022

This study aims to simulate the effect of the drier humidity distribution on the temperature distribution and dried product shrinkage. The Lebanese yellow apple (Golden Delicious) was prepared in the form of slices with 3 and 5 mm thicknesses and dried at 60 °C in a hot air oven. Shrinkage models were determined by fitting the experimental data with Sigmaplot software. The simulation was done using these equations in COMSOL software. The simulation results showed that due to the accumulation of air humidity in one part of the oven, the temperature distribution inside the product was not distributed evenly in that part. This phenomenon caused the imbalance of moisture transfer from the product and this can increase the drying time as well as unbalanced shrinkage of the product. Finally, it was found that the air humidity distribution inside the oven had a significant effect on the drying process and shrinkage rate of samples.
A review on arsenic pollution, toxicity, health risks, and management strategies using nanoremediation approaches
Authors: Murthy Meesala Krishna , Khandayataray Pratima , Mohanty Chandra Sekhar , Pattanayak Rojalin
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Over 50 countries are affected by arsenic contamination. The problem is becoming worse as the number of affected people increases and new sites are reported globally.

Content

Various human activities have increased arsenic pollution, notably in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Contamination of our water and soil by arsenic poses a threat to our environment and natural resources. Arsenic poisoning harms several physiological systems and may cause cancer and death. Excessive exposure may cause toxic build-up in human and animal tissues. Arsenic-exposed people had different skin lesion shapes and were vulnerable to extra arsenic-induced illness risks. So far, research shows that varying susceptibility plays a role in arsenic-induced diseases. Several studies have revealed that arsenic is a toxin that reduces metabolic activities. Diverse remediation approaches are being developed to control arsenic in surrounding environments.

Summary and Outlook

A sustainable clean-up technique (nanoremediation) is required to restore natural equilibrium. More research is therefore required to better understand the biogeochemical processes involved in removing arsenic from soils and waters.
Strategic Position and Trade Union Power: An Analysis of Trade Union Strategies in the Automotive, Chemical and Edible Oil Sectors in Argentina, 2003-2015)
Authors: Marticorena Clara , D'Urso Lucila
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyse empirically the importance of union strategies as a moderating variable between unions’ structural and associational power and their bargaining and mobilisation power. To this end, we selected three unions, one from each of three strategic industrial sectors in the Argentinian national economy – automotive, chemical and edible oils – and analysed their dynamics of collective bargaining and labour conflict in the 2003–2015 period. The research is based on a review of secondary sources (collective bargaining agreements and conflict databases) as well as primary sources (semi-structured interviews with managers, trade union leaders, worker representatives and activists). Whereas workers in each of these sectors have a similarly high degree of structural power, we observed differences among the sectors in working, wage and organisational conditions. These differences are associated with three different union strategies for building union power, which we identify as partnership, confrontational and combative.            
KEYWORDS: strategic position; trade union power; union strategies; sectoral analysis; Argentina
MEDITACIJA KRIKŠČIONYBĖJE: SAMPRATOS IR PRASMĖS PAIEŠKOS
Authors: Paplauskienė Alma , Juškienė Vaineta
Published: December 2022

The concept of meditation is common when discussing various forms of spiritual assistance. It is usually associated with eastern traditions, but it is also sometimes mentioned in a Christian context, and it often becomes a subject of discussion. The article aims to reveal the concept and meaning of Christian meditation in more detail, by analysing its interpretations and the etymology of the term, and by identifying specific features of Christian meditation. Meditation in this context is revealed as a Christian form of prayer, inseparable from individuality, dialogue and Christocentricity.
Prognostic imaging markers for sports-related concussion: a review
Authors: Zhu Meilin , Gao Jiahao , Han Fang , Yang Jing , Zhang Jiawen
Published: December 2022

As professional sports leagues have begun to recognize the detrimental short- and long-term impact of concussions, understanding the severity of concussions has taken on increasing importance. The ability to understand the microstructural and functional brain pathology of sports-related concussions (SRCs) has improved due to advances in neuroimaging. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques can now clearly show brain damage caused by concussions; however, little is known with respect to the link between brain damage and the long-term effects. This overview summarizes the potential association between advanced imaging findings and prognosis of SRCs. We found that diffusion tensor imaging, quantitative susceptibility mapping, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, perfusion weighted imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, and functional MRI are promising technologies for providing objective prognostic information in patients with SRCs. Additional research is warranted to investigate the early imaging diagnosis of long-term effects, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy and post-concussion syndrome.
Restrictions and Prohibition of the Use of Hijab on Company Employees: A Human Rights Analysis
Authors: Shaiza Layina , Shivana Nur
Published: December 2022

Discourse regarding the prohibition of the use of headscarves in companies has become dillematic issues in human rights. This study aims to analyze the prohibition of the use of headscarves in companies in the context of human rights by analyzing and comparing some laws and regulations. This study found and confirmed that although the views on human rights in each country are different, there is one basic right that all human beings must have, namely natural rights that all human beings have. One of these natural rights is the right to freedom of religion. In the 1945 Constitution the right to freedom of religion is regulated in Article 28E paragraph (1), Article 28E paragraph (2), and  Article 29 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. Even in labor relations in Indonesia, Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower confirms with regard to discrimination against veiling while working, that every worker/laborer has the right to receive equal treatment without discrimination from employers. In addition, several regulations issued by the United Nations which regulate freedom of religion for all mankind include the Charter of the Declaration of Human Rights, the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights, the ICCPR (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights), and CEDAW (Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women).
Pros and Cons of Removing the Religion Column in Indonesian Identity Cards (Analysis of the Impact and Regulation on Human Rights)
Authors: Prayogo Bagus Edi
Published: December 2022

The removing of the religious column on the national identity card raised pros and cons. has begun. In one side, there are many beliefs cannot be accommodated by the administration system in religion colomn, but in the other sides, the provision of the beliefs protection instead if religion is still bias. This study aims to analyze the pros and cons of removing of religion identity at the national identity card. The method used at this study is literature study with some comparative analysis of laws and regulations concerning the freedom of religion and belief both national and international legal system. The study found that initially, the aim of removing the religion column was to accommodate the rights of adherents of beliefs, which began to spread to the idea of ​​eliminating the religion column for all religious communities in Indonesia. This study also found that after the issuance of the Constitutional Court decision No. 97/PUU-XIV/2016, adherents of a belief can list their belief in the column of religion on their identity cards. The decision claimed to recognize and include religious beliefs as a new identity column on the KTP is a significant development of the government's commitment to guaranteeing equal rights for all Indonesian people regardless of diversity of religions and beliefs. Furthermore, guarantees for freedom of religion and belief are strictly regulated in Article 28 E and 29 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. In addition, these guarantees are also regulated in the Law on Human Rights and the ICCPR.
Protection of Indigenous Peoples (Local Beliefs) in the Context of Human Rights in Indonesia
Authors: Khaidar Naufal , Nugraha Maulana Adi
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze the protection of indigenous peoples and local beliefs in the dimensions of human rights in Indonesia in a global context. Thisy sudy compared some laws and regulations related to the protection for indegenous peoples and local beliefs both national legal system and international conventions. The study found and higlighted that Article 28E and Article 29 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia have guaranteed freedom for every citizen to embrace religion and worship according to their respective beliefs, accompanied by the state's obligation to protect every citizen to worship according to their respective beliefs, including local religions. In addition, the Constitutional Court Decision Number 97/PUU-XIV/2016 concerning Judicial Review of the Population Administration Law, the Panel of Judges granted the lawsuit against Article 61 of Law Number 23 of 2006 and Article 64 of Law Number 24 of 2013 concerning Population Administration wich accommodate the local belief on the national administration system. In the global context, freedom of religion including having local beliefs is also regulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 18, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and even the regulation of freedom of religion or belief in more detail is also regulated in the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination Based on Religion in 1981.
Çocuk Hastalarda Avulsiyon Nedeniyle Kaybedilmiş Anterior Dişler Yerine Uygulanan Farklı Tedavi Yaklaşımları: 3 OLGU SUNUMU
Authors: ÜNÜVAR Merve , AYDIN Ezgi , BAL Cenkhan , UÇAR Başak Doğan
Published: December 2022

Avulsiyon sık görülen görülen ciddi bir yaralanma tipidir. Avulse dişler uzun dönem takibi sonucu kaybedilebilir veya replantasyon gerçekleşmeyebilir. Bu durum avülse dişlerin yerine çocuklarda büyüme ve gelişmeyi olumsuz etkilemeyecek şekilde çeşitli tedaviler uygulamayı gerektirmektedir.

Bu vaka raporunda üst kesici dişlerini avulsiyon sonrası kaybetmiş 3 farklı hastaya uygulanan tedavi yaklaşımları sunulmuştur. İlk olguda kaza yerinde dişleri kaybolmuş hastaya diş ilaveli hareketli yer tutucu yapılmıştır. Fakat işbirliği sağlanamamış, sabit yer tutucuya geçilmesine karar verilmiştir. İkinci olguda avulse dişiyle kliniğe başvurmuş hastanın dişi replante edilmiştir. 2 yıllık takip sonucu eksternal rezorpsiyon gözlenen dişin çekimi gerçekleşmiş ve yerine fiberle güçlendirilmiş adeziv köprü uygulaması yapılmıştır. Üçüncü olguda avulse 12 numaralı dişi replante edilememiş 10 yaşındaki erkek hastaya diş ilaveli hareketli yer tutucu yapılmıştır.

Bu hastaların farklı tedavi yaklaşımlarıyla estetik , fonetik ,gelişimsel ihtiyaçları karşılanmıştır.