bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activin mRNA induced during amygdala kindling shows a spatiotemporal progression that tracks the spread of seizures
Authors: Foster Jane A. , Puchowicz Michael J. , McIntyre Dan C. , Herkenham Miles
Published: June 2004

The progressive development of seizures in rats by amygdala kindling, which models temporal lobe epilepsy, allows the study of molecular regulators of enduring synaptic changes. Neurotrophins play important roles in synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily of growth and differentiation factors, has recently been added to the list of candidate synaptic regulators. We mapped the induction of activin βA mRNA in amygdala and cortex at several stages of seizure development. Strong induction, measured 2 hours after the first stage 2 (partial) seizure, appeared in neurons of the ipsilateral amygdala (confined to the lateral, basal, and posterior cortical nuclei) and insular, piriform, orbital, and infralimbic cortices. Activin βA mRNA induction, after the first stage 5 (generalized) seizure, had spread to the contralateral amygdala (same nuclear distribution) and cortex, and the induced labeling covered much of the convexity of neocortex as well as piriform, perirhinal, and entorhinal cortices in a nearly bilaterally symmetrical pattern. This pattern had filled in by the sixth stage 5 seizure. Induced labeling in cortical neurons was confined mainly to layer II. A similar temporal and spatial pattern of increased mRNA expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was found in the amygdala and cortex. Activin βA and BDNF expression patterns were similar at 1, 2, and 6 hours after the last seizure, subsiding at 24 hours; in contrast, c‐fos mRNA induction appeared only at 1 hour throughout cortex and then subsided. In double‐label studies, activin βA mRNA‐positive neurons were also BDNF mRNA positive, and they did not colocalize with GAD67 mRNA (a marker of γ‐aminobutyric acidergic neurons). The data suggest that activin and BDNF transcriptional activities accurately mark excitatory neurons participating in seizure‐induced synaptic alterations and may contribute to the enduring changes that underlie the kindled state. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:91–102, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript in catecholamine and noncatecholamine presympathetic vasomotor neurons of rat rostral ventrolateral medulla
Authors: Burman Kathleen J. , Sartor Daniela M. , Verberne Anthony J.M. , Llewellyn‐Smith Ida J.
Published: June 2004

Presympathetic vasomotor adrenergic (C1) and nonadrenergic (non‐C1) neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) provide the main excitatory drive to cardiovascular sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord. C1 and non‐C1 neurons contain cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART), suggesting that CART may be a common marker for RVLM presympathetic neurons. To test this hypothesis, we first used double‐immunofluorescence staining for CART and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to quantify CART‐immunoreactive (‐IR) catecholamine and noncatecholamine neurons in the C1 region. Next, we quantified the proportion of CART‐IR RVLM neurons that expressed Fos in response to a hypotensive stimulus, using peroxidase immunohistochemistry for Fos and dual immunofluorescence for CART and TH. Finally, we fluorescently detected CART immunoreactivity in electrophysiologically identified, juxtacellularly labeled RVLM presympathetic neurons. In the RVLM, 97% of TH‐IR neurons were CART‐IR, and 74% of CART‐IR neurons were TH‐IR. Nitroprusside infusion significantly increased the number of Fos‐IR RVLM neurons compared with saline controls. In nitroprusside‐treated rats, virtually all Fos/TH neurons in the RVLM were immunoreactive for CART (98% ± 1.3%, SD; n = 7), whereas 29% ± 8.3% of CART‐positive, TH‐negative neurons showed Fos immunoreactivity. Six fast (2.8–5.8 m/second, noncatecholamine)‐, two intermediate (2.1 and 2.2 m/second)‐, and five slow (<1 m/second, catecholamine)‐conducting RVLM presympathetic vasomotor neurons were juxtacellularly labeled. After fluorescent detection of CART and biotinamide, all 13 neurons were found to be CART‐IR. These results suggest that, in rat RVLM, all catecholamine and noncatecholamine presympathetic vasomotor neurons contain CART. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:19–31, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of glutamate receptors in avian neural pathways for learned vocalization
Authors: Wada Kazuhiro , Sakaguchi Hironobu , Jarvis Erich D. , Hagiwara Masatoshi
Published: June 2004

Learned vocalization, the substrate for human language, is a rare trait. It is found in three distantly related groups of birds—parrots, hummingbirds, and songbirds. These three groups contain cerebral vocal nuclei for learned vocalization not found in their more closely related vocal nonlearning relatives. Here, we cloned 21 receptor subunits/subtypes of all four glutamate receptor families (AMPA, kainate, NMDA, and metabotropic) and examined their expression in vocal nuclei of songbirds. We also examined expression of a subset of these receptors in vocal nuclei of hummingbirds and parrots, as well as in the brains of dove species as examples of close vocal nonlearning relatives. Among the 21 subunits/subtypes, 19 showed higher and/or lower prominent differential expression in songbird vocal nuclei relative to the surrounding brain subdivisions in which the vocal nuclei are located. This included relatively lower levels of all four AMPA subunits in lMAN, strikingly higher levels of the kainite subunit GluR5 in the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), higher and lower levels respectively of the NMDA subunits NR2A and NR2B in most vocal nuclei and lower levels of the metabotropic group I subtypes (mGluR1 and ‐5) in most vocal nuclei and the group II subtype (mGluR2), showing a unique expression pattern of very low levels in RA and very high levels in HVC. The splice variants of AMPA subunits showed further differential expression in vocal nuclei. Some of the receptor subunits/subtypes also showed differential expression in hummingbird and parrot vocal nuclei. The magnitude of differential expression in vocal nuclei of all three vocal learners was unique compared with the smaller magnitude of differences found for nonvocal areas of vocal learners and vocal nonlearners. Our results suggest that evolution of vocal learning was accompanied by differential expression of a conserved gene family for synaptic transmission and plasticity in vocal nuclei. They also suggest that neural activity and signal transduction in vocal nuclei of vocal learners will be different relative to the surrounding brain areas. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:44–64, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bilateral effects of spinal overhemisections on the development of the somatosensory system in rats
Authors: Remple Michael S. , Jain Neeraj , Diener Pamela S. , Kaas Jon H.
Published: June 2004

Connections of the forepaw regions of somatosensory cortex (S1) were determined in rats reared to maturity after spinal cord overhemisections at cervical level C3 on postnatal day 3. Overhemisections cut all ascending and descending pathways and intervening gray on one side of the spinal cord and the pathways of the dorsal funiculus contralaterally. Bilateral lesions of the dorsal columns reduced the size of the brainstem nuclei by 41%, and the ventroposterior lateral subnucleus (VPL) of the thalamus by 20%. Bilateral lesions also prevented the emergence of the normal cytochrome oxidase barrel pattern in forepaw and hindpaw regions of S1. Injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were placed in the forepaw region of granular S1 and surrounding dysgranular S1 contralateral to the hemisection. The VPL nucleus was densely labeled, whereas the adjoining ventroposterior medial subnucleus, VPM, representing the head, was unlabeled. Thus, there was no evidence of abnormal connections of VPM to forepaw cortex. Foci of transported label in the ipsilateral hemisphere appeared to be in normal locations and of normal extents, but connections in the opposite hemisphere were broadly and nearly uniformly distributed in sensorimotor cortex in a pattern similar to that in postnatal rats. Rats with incomplete lesions that spared the dorsal column pathway on the left side but not the right demonstrated surprisingly normal distributions of callosal connections in the nondeprived right hemisphere, even though the injected left hemisphere was deprived. Thus, the development of the normal pattern of callosal connections depends on dorsal column input and not on normal interhemsipheric interactions. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:604–619, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
OFF‐cholinergic‐pathway‐selective localization of P2X2 purinoceptors in the mouse retina
Authors: Kaneda Makoto , Ishii Katsuyoshi , Morishima Yosuke , Akagi Takumi , Yamazaki Yasuhiro , Nakanishi Shigetada , Hashikawa Tsutomu
Published: June 2004

It is known that, in the retina, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) inhibits acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic neurons, but the types of purinoceptors on cholinergic neurons have not been examined. In the present work, we immunohistochemically examined the distribution of the purinoceptors P2X1, P2X2, P2X4, and P2X7 in relation to the cholinergic system of the retina in wild‐type mice and transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Immunoreactivity for P2X2 was very strong in sublamina a of the inner plexiform layer but very weak in sublamina b of the inner plexiform layer of the retina. Immunoreactivity for P2X2 was colocalized with that for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). When transgenic mice were treated with the immunotoxin‐mediated cell‐targeting technology to ablate cholinergic amacrine cells selectively, immunoreactivity for P2X2 and the signals for GFP disappeared in parallel and selectively in the OFF pathway. The distribution of immunoreactivity for P2X1, P2X4, and P2X7 differed from that of ChAT immunoreactivity. The selective distribution of P2X2 purinergic receptors in OFF‐type cholinergic amacrine cells indicates that the P2X2 purinergic signaling systems in the ON and OFF pathways of the inner plexiform layer of the mouse retina are functionally different. The distribution of P2X2 purinoceptors may be responsible for the selective regulation of ACh release in the OFF pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:103–111, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the cellular expression pattern of β‐CGRP in α‐CGRP‐deficient mice
Authors: Schütz Burkhard , Mauer Daniela , Salmon Anne‐Marie , Changeux Jean‐Pierre , Zimmer Andreas
Published: June 2004

In this study we compared the α‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide (αCGRP) and βCGRP expression patterns in wild‐type and knockout mice by using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord of wild‐type animals, αCGRP mRNA was about two times more abundant than βCGRP mRNA. The βCGRP mRNA was the only isoform expressed in the intestine. In αCGRP knockout mice, we found no change in βCGRP mRNA levels in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord compared with wild‐type controls, but a twofold decrease in the intestine. CGRP immunoreactivity (IR) was detected in many small and some large neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, was found in sensory fibers and motor neurons in the spinal cord, and labeled neuromuscular junctions in wild‐type mice. In the dorsal root ganglia of αCGRP knockout mice, punctate βCGRP‐IR again was predominantly found in small neurons. In the spinal cord, βCGRP‐IR fibers were localized to the outermost layer of the dorsal horn. IR was found in the cell bodies of motor neurons, but it was undetectable in neuromuscular junctions. In the intestine, CGRP‐IR was localized to neurons of the myenteric plexus and to fibers in the mucosal folds, with similar staining intensity in both wild‐type and knockout mice. Finally, CGRP‐IR was undetectable in preganglionic fibers and postganglionic sympathetic neurons in mice from both genotypes. Our results indicate that αCGRP and βCGRP are variably coexpressed in different functional aspects of the mouse nervous system. This pattern suggests distinct roles for βCGRP in pain, neuromuscular, and gastrointestinal systems. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:32–43, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Location of preganglionic neurons is independent of birthdate but is correlated to reelin‐producing cells in the spinal cord
Authors: Yip Yee Ping , Zhou Guangdou , Capriotti Christine , Yip Joseph W.
Published: June 2004

Many studies suggest that during neuronal development the birthdate of a neuron appears to have significant consequences for its ultimate location and identity. Our past study shows that sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) in mice lacking the reelin gene settle in abnormal positions in the spinal cord. In the present study we determined that birthdate is not a factor contributing to the abnormal position of SPN in reeler. In both normal and reeler mice the period of neurogenesis of SPN was similar, and the final location of SPN in the spinal cord was independent of birthdate. Additionally, we have identified at least two types of ventral interneurons, V1 and V2, that are involved in the production of Reelin and the positioning of SPN in the spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:564–574, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discrimination of σ‐Bond Metathesis Pathways in H/D Exchange Reactions on [(SiO)3ZrH]: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Copéret Christophe , Grouiller Annie , Basset Jean‐Marie , Chermette Henry
Published: June 2004

The mechanism of the H/D exchange reaction in alkane/hydrogen mixtures on silica‐supported zirconium hydride was investigated by a modelling study using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The electronic activation enthalpy (ΔH${^{\ne }_{\rm elec}}$) for the CH bond activation step (TS3) was calculated to be around 92 kJ mol−1, whereas it would be 258 kJ mol−1 for a direct exchange process (TS1, also called the kite TS). These data clearly speak in favour of the former as a mechanism for CH bond scrambling. Moreover, the calculated enthalpy of activation (ΔH${^{\ne }_{{\rm elec}}}$) for H/D exchange in H2/D2 mixtures (TS2) is 33.5 kJ mol−1, which shows that this reaction is much faster than the H/D scrambling in alkane/H2 mixtures, as shown experimentally. Additionally, the calculated activation entropies (For TS1–4, ΔS${^{\ne }_{{\rm tot}}}$ ranges between −129 and −174 J mol−1 K−1) are very negative. Although the calculated activation entropies are also in full agreement with experimental data (ΔS${^{\ne }_{{\rm exp}}}$=−113 J mol−1 K−1), overall, the calculated activation enthalpies are much higher than the experimental ones. This suggests that the actual catalyst is probably more electrophilic than the model chosen for the calculations.
Engineering Nanoarchitectures for Photonic Crystals
Authors: Marlow Frank , Dong Wenting
Published: June 2004

The detailed shape of the dense material network of inverse opals has a significant influence on the appearance of band gaps in these photonic crystals. One example of these topologically very similar networks is the skeleton structure, which can show two complete band gaps. Like all inverse opals, these structures are self‐standing and can be fabricated via self‐assembly strategies. The first step for obtaining these novel kind of photonic crystals has been achieved by synthesizing a titania skeleton structure.
Molecular Reorientational Dynamics of the Neat Ionic Liquid 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate by Measurement of 13C Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Data
Authors: Antony Jürgen H. , Mertens Dirk , Dölle Andreas , Wasserscheid Peter , Carper William R.
Published: June 2004

The reorientational dynamics of the ionic liquid 1butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) were studied over a wide range of temperatures by measurement of 13C spin–lattice relaxation rates and NOE factors. The reorientational dynamics were evaluated by performing fits to the experimental relaxation data. Thus, the overall reorientational motion was described by a Cole–Davidson spectral density with a Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann temperature dependence of the correlation times. The reorientational motion of the butyl chain was modelled by a combination of the latter model for the overall motion with a Bloembergen–Purcell–Pound spectral density and an Arrhenius temperature dependence for the internal motion. Except for C2 in the aromatic ring, an additional reduction of the spectral density by the Lipari–Szabo model had to be employed. This reduction is a consequence of fast molecular motions before the rotational diffusion process becomes effective. The C2 atom did not exhibit this reduction, because the librational motion of the corresponding C2H vector is severely hindered due to hydrogen bonding with the hexafluorophosphate anion. The observed dynamic features of the [BMIM]+ cation confirm quantum‐chemical structures obtained in a former study.
Cover Picture: Electronic Excitation Energy Migration in a Photonic Dye–Zeolite Antenna (ChemPhysChem 6/2003)
Authors: Yatskou Mikalai M. , Meyer Marc , Huber Stefan , Pfenniger Michel , Calzaferri Gion
Published: June 2004

The cover picture shows a zeolite L crystal containing organized dye molecules that act as donors (green) and acceptors (red). The confocal fluorescence microscopy images of a cylindrical crystal, seen after selective excitation of the green dyes, visualize the organization of the donors and acceptors. These crystals behave as photonic antenna, in which excitation energy is transported by a Förster‐type mechanism until it reaches the acceptor, where the energy is emitted as red luminescence. The intensity decrease is faster in the presence of acceptors (solid green curve) than in their absence (dashed). But the main characteristic of the time evolution of the crystals is that the acceptor intensity is first built up before it starts to decay. Find out more in the article by Calzaferri et al. on pages 567–587.
Das vereinfachte Berechnungsverfahren für Mauerwerk nach Eurocode 6
Authors: Reeh Helmut , Schlundt Andreas
Published: June 2004

Vereinfachte Berechnungsverfahren für Mauerwerk sind zukünftig in Eurocode 6 Teil 3 geregelt. Nachfolgend werden die wichtigsten Festlegungen in der aktuellen Fassung der Norm — Draft prEN 1996‐3, November 2003 — vorgestellt und erläutert.

Im einzelnen wird neben den Grundlagen und Anwendungsvoraussetzungen zunächst auf die vereinfachten Berechnungsverfahren zum Nachweis von Wänden auf Druck und Schub eingegangen. Danach wird der vereinfachte Nachweis der Gebäudestabilität für Gebäude mit bis zu drei Geschossen vorgestellt. Abschließend werden die vereinfachten Nachweise für Wände unter Teilflächenlasten, für Kelleraußenwände, für unbelastete Innenwände mit begrenzten seitlichen Lasten und für unbelastete Wände mit gleichmäßig verteilter seitlicher Last behandelt.

Es ist zu erwarten, daß Mauerwerk in Deutschland wie bisher überwiegend nach den vereinfachten Berechnungsverfahren bemessen wird. Mit den vorgestellten Nachweisen in Eurocode 6 Teil 3 ist auch zukünftig analog zum vereinfachten Berechnungsverfahren in DIN 1053‐1 eine vereinfachte, wenig aufwendige Bemessung von Mauerwerk möglich.
Bautechnische Prüfung des Wiederaufbaus der Frauenkirche zu Dresden
Authors: Peter Jörg , Hertenstein Martin
Published: June 2004

Die statischen Berechnungen und Nachweise zum Bestand und zu den wieder aufzubauenden Bauteilen waren entsprechend der Sächsischen Bauordnung einer bautechnischen Prüfung zu unterziehen. In diesem Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Ansätze und die Ergebnisse dieser sehr komplexen Aufgabe in einer Übersicht dargestellt. Ausführlichere Berichte darüber sind in /1/ bis /3/ enthalten.

Der Auftrag zur bautechnischen Prüfung wurde durch das Baurechtsamt der Landeshauptstadt Dresden im Oktober 1992 Prof. Dr.‐ Ing. Jörg Peter erteilt.
Die Kuppel der Frauenkirche
Authors: Frenzel Christoph , Jäger Wolfram
Published: June 2004

Heute wird das Stadtbild von Dresden wieder durch die sich aus ihm heraus erhebende Kuppel der Frauenkirche geprägt. Etwas mehr als 59 Jahre mußten vergehen, bis sie nach ihrer sinnlosen Zerstörung wiedererstanden ist. Architektonisch stellt sie ebenso wie konstruktiv eine herausragende Leistung des bürgerlichen Barocks dar. Ihre originale Rekonstruktion nach baumeisterlichen Prinzipien war eine Herausforderung und Verpflichtung für die beauftragten Architekten und Ingenieure.
Von der architektonischen Rekonstruktion zur Werkplanung
Authors: Frenzel Christoph
Published: June 2004

Die Kuppel der Frauenkirche war Teil des von ihrem Erbauer George Bähr interpretierten, zeitgemäßen protestantischen Kirchenbauverständnisses und wurde aus diesem heraus von ihm entwickelt. Ihre architektonische Gestalt steht im Spannungsfeld zwischen äußerer Erscheinung und innerer Wirkung. Die Kühnheit der Gesamtkonstruktion verlangt im Vergleich mit andern Kuppeln Bewunderung. Im Original vorhandene Probleme machten behutsame Veränderungen notwendig. Die Rekonstruktion der Steinkuppel erforderte ein komplexes Herangehen an Architektur, Funktion und Konstruktion. Ausgestattet mit einer breiten, aber teilweise nur bedingt verwendbaren Quellenlage ist es gelungen, den hohen Ansprüchen an eine werkgerechte Wiedererrichtung der Frauenkirche und ihrer Kuppel architektonisch, steintechnisch und konstruktiv zu entsprechen.
Die Steintechnische Planung
Authors: Thomschke Matthias
Published: June 2004

1995 erhielten die Sächsischen SANDSTEINWERKE erstmals den Auftrag zur Herstellung und Lieferung von Werksteinen für die Dresdner Frauenkirche. Seither begleiteten sie damit das Vorhaben bis hin zum letzten Stein, der in der Laterne am 13. April 2004 versetzt wurde. Zu Beginn der Arbeiten konnten Unternehmensleitung und Mitarbeiter noch nicht einschätzen, und so ging es vielen die am Wiederaufbau beteiligt waren, mit welchen Aufgaben sie in der Folgezeit konfrontiert werden sollten. Die fortschreitende Planung ging mit einer Fortbildung der einzelnen Bearbeiter wie auch des Unternehmens einher. Aus heutiger Sicht erscheint vieles, was geschaffen wurde, selbstverständlich. Die Lösungen von Problemen und komplizierten Aufgaben stellen sich heute logisch und einfach dar. Die vielen Stunden des Suchens vor der Lösung sind vergessen. Wenn Bauleute, Architekten und interessierte Menschen in einem Rundgang durch die Frauenkirche geführt werden und von der Arbeit berichtet wird, hört und spürt man immer wieder, welche Achtung allen am Wiederaufbau Beteiligten entgegengebracht wird.

Nachfolgend wird ein Einblick in die schwierige Aufgabe der Erarbeitung der steintechnischen Angaben und Unterlagen für die Bearbeitung von Werksteinen allgemein als auch speziell für die Wiederherstellung der Kuppel gegeben.
Grundsätze der Bemessung und Konstruktion beim Wiederaufbau der Frauenkirche Dresden
Authors: Wenzel Fritz , Jäger Wolfram
Published: June 2004

Den Leitlinien der Stiftung Frauenkirche folgend sollte das Bauwerk nach archäologischen Prinzipien und erneut in Stein, Mörtel und Eisen (Stahl) unter Verwendung von Originalmaterial aus dem Trümmerberg und Einbindung der Ruinenteile nach baumeisterlichen Prinzipien wieder aufgebaut werden. Angesichts der aus der Geschichte bekannten Schäden war das eine Herausforderung für die mit der Tragwerksplanung beauftragten Ingenieure, da es in den zurückliegenden Jahrzehnten keine Weiterentwicklung des Mauerwerks unter Einsatz von Naturstein für derart hoch beanspruchte Bauwerke und Bauteile gegeben hat. Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über den dabei eingeschlagenen Weg und die Grundlagen der Bemessung und Konstruktion des eingesetzten Ingenieurmauerwerks.
Die Gewölbe des Hauptbaus und die Innenkuppel
Authors: Hauer Markus , Stoll Volker
Published: June 2004

Zum Zeitpunkt der Errichtung der Frauenkirche George Bährs wurden obere Raumabschlüsse und zugleich die Schaffung horizontaler Ebenen ausschließlich durch Herstellung von Gewölben realisiert. Innerhalb der Frauenkirche sind damals verschiedenste Formen von Gewölben ausgeführt worden. Beim Wiederaufbau wurden diese Gewölbe in originalgetreuer Geometrie rekonstruiert. Wie vor 250 Jahren ist das mit Sandstein, Ziegeln und Mörtel erfolgt. In der Regel wurde dabei für Gewölbe, die mehr als ihr Eigengewicht abtragen, Sandsteinmauerwerk verwendet; ansonsten kam kleinformatiges Vollziegelmauerwerk zum Einsatz. Aufgrund der Vielzahl der beim Wiederaufbau ausgeführten Gewölbe kann der Beitrag nur einen Einblick in die Thematik geben. Es werden zwei besonders interessante Gewölbe ausführlich sowie die Innenkuppel kurz dargestellt.
Proliferation patterns of cervical cells as visualized in Leiden liquid cytology slides
Authors: Luzzatto Laura , van Haaften Carolien , Boon Mathilde E.
Published: June 2004

The Leiden liquid‐based cytology method for the preparation of optimal cytological slides is reported. In such slides, the proliferation pattern of cervical cells can be visualized in detail. Cervical smears and suspension preparations of 665 consecutive unselected patients received in 2003 were studied. Of the 665 patients, 26 (10 normal, 10 with cervical atrophy, 5 with mild dysplasia, and 1 carcinoma in situ) were selected. After using the Thermo Shandon Papspin, the wet slides were placed on a hot plate and dried for 30 min. Proliferation of the cervical cells was visualized in brown by staining the cells for MiB‐1 antigen, and nuclear DNA in blue by a standardized short staining with hematoxylin. We found excellent high‐resolution demonstrability of cell cycle‐related MiB‐1 distribution in the well‐flattened nuclei. The phase of the cell cycle could be deduced from brown‐blue staining patterns. There was a significant increase of MiB‐1‐positive cell yield related to progression in the degree of pathology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:5–9. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration cytology of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the breast: Report of a case with cystic change
Authors: Matthai Smita Mary , Kini Usha
Published: June 2004

Sarcomatoid/metaplastic carcinomas of the breast are rare breast malignancies that show a myriad of cytohistologic patterns in aspirates. These poorly differentiated invasive carcinomas contain both ductal and mesenchymal elements with transitional forms displaying either spindle, squamous, chondroid, or osseous differentiation. We describe such a neoplasm in a 68‐yr‐old woman, the diagnosis of which was missed at the initial fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) due to cystic change. Extensive cystic change in a sarcomatoid carcinoma is unusual and is reported for the first time in the English literature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:10–13. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can cytomorphology differentiate between benign nodules and tumors arising in Graves' disease?
Authors: Anderson Scott R. , Mandel Susan , LiVolsi Virginia A. , Gupta Prabodh K. , Baloch Zubair W.
Published: June 2004

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens from thyroid nodules arising in Graves' disease (GD) can pose diagnostic difficulties because the cytomorphologic changes in GD may mimic nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In addition, treatment of GD patients with radioactive iodine (RAI) may cause significant cytologic atypia, further increasing the diagnostic difficulty. From March 1999 to April 2002, a total of 14 hypofunctioning nodules in 9 patients with GD underwent FNA; 3 patients had received RAI treatment. Three cases were diagnosed as suspicious for PTC and 11 as benign. Three patients with the diagnosis of suspicious for PTC on FNA underwent surgery and were found to have papillary carcinoma. We assessed all cases to find key cytologic features that can differentiate between nodules with reactive/reparative nuclear atypia from PTC arising in GD. The cytologic features assessed included cellularity, amount of colloid, monotony of the cell population, oncocytic features, cell crowding, lymphocytic infiltration, nuclear elongation, nuclear grooves, pale powdery chromatin, presence of small eccentric nucleoli, and random nuclear atypia. Each feature was semiquantitatively graded on a sliding scale of 0 to 4, with 0 representing absence and 4 representing a predominance of the feature. The mean value of each feature was calculated and the benign and malignant lesions were compared using the unpaired t‐test. Four features were found to be statistically significant in the diagnosis of PTC as compared to the benign nodules in GD. The nuclei of PTC in GD show prominent nuclear elongation, pale powdery chromatin, intranuclear grooves, and small eccentric nucleoli. All other features studied were not found to be statistically significant. There does exist an overlap between the cytologic features of benign nodules and PTC arising in GD. However, adherence to strict diagnostic criteria (nuclear elongation, pale powdery chromatin, intranuclear grooves, and small eccentric nucleoli) can enable the diagnosis of PTC arising in GD. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:64–67. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic impact of core‐needle biopsy on fine‐needle aspiration of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Gong Jerald Z. , Snyder Matthew J. , Lagoo Anand S. , Vollmer Robin T. , Dash Raj R. , Madden John F. , Buckley Patrick J. , Jones Claudia K.
Published: June 2004

We retrospectively reviewed 74 fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cases of presumptive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). All the cases had cytology and core‐needle biopsy and 53 cases had concurrent flow cytometric analysis. FNA (cytology and flow cytometry) and core‐needle biopsy were evaluated independently. FNA was diagnostic of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBL) in 25% (13/53) of cases and small B‐cell NHL in 15% (8/53) of cases, whereas core‐needle biopsy was diagnostic of DLBL in 37% (27/74) of cases and small B‐cell NHL in 8% (6/74) of cases. Subclassification of small B‐cell NHL was reached in 3/6 cases by core‐needle biopsy. Insufficient cases were observed in both FNA (47%; 25/53) and core‐needle biopsy (28%; 21/74) groups. With the combination of FNA and core‐needle biopsy, diagnostic cases of DLBL increased to 43% (32/74) and insufficient samples were reduced to 16% (12/74). There was no clear advantage in the diagnosis and classification of small B‐cell NHL by adding core‐needle biopsy to FNA (14%; 10/74). We conclude that core‐needle biopsy is a useful adjunct to FNA in the diagnosis of DLBL and shall be encouraged. In small B‐cell NHL, core‐needle biopsy does not add to the diagnostic ability of FNA. Cases insufficient for diagnosis may be seen in both core‐needle biopsy and FNA. A combined approach reduces the number of insufficient cases and is recommended in routine FNA practice. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:23–30. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thyroid low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma (MALT type) with extreme plasmacytic differentiation: Report of a case diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration and flow cytometric study
Authors: Al‐Marzooq Yusef M. , Chopra Rajan , Younis Mohammed , Al‐Mulhim Abdulrahman S. , Al‐Mommatten Mohammed I. , Al‐Omran Soad H.
Published: June 2004

We describe a case of thyroid marginal‐zone B‐cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) with extreme plasmacytic differentiation in an 80‐year‐old woman who had presented with a rapidly growing thyroid swelling. The diagnosis was initially suspected on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and subsequently confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of the aspirated material. The smears revealed features of Hashimoto's thyroiditis admixed with large numbers of atypical large plasmacytoid lymphoid cells accompanied by variable numbers of small lymphocytes and mature plasma cells. The differential diagnosis of a predominantly plasmacytic smears on FNA of the thyroid is discussed herein, with emphasis on the role of immunophenotypic studies to exclude or confirm the diagnosis of lymphoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:52–56. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracellular material in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands: A comparative cytological study with other salivary myoepithelial tumors
Authors: Kawahara Akihiko , Harada Hiroshi , Kage Masayoshi , Yokoyama Toshiro , Kojiro Masamichi
Published: June 2004

The objective of this study was to clarify extracellular materials (ECMs) in adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and compare these to those found in other salivary gland tumors with myoepithelial differentiation. The ECM was examined with Papanicolaou, May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa (MGG), and alcian blue stain at pH 2.5. The ECM in AdCC was classified into three types according to their staining patterns: clear, hyalinized, and membrane type. The incidence of clear‐type globule material with magenta on MGG was low in other salivary gland tumors with myoepithelial differentiation. The ECM was identified in other salivary gland tumors with myoepithelial differentiation. However, AdCC has the greatest variety of ECM. These findings are useful to understand the character of AdCC and differential diagnosis of the other salivary gland tumors with myoepithelial differentiation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:14–18. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of endometrioid adenofibroma of the ovary
Authors: Volmar Keith E. , Herman Christopher M. , Creager Andrew J.
Published: June 2004

We report the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology findings of endometrioid adenofibroma arising in the ovary of a 60‐year‐old woman who presented with vaginal bleeding. Imaging studies revealed a large pelvic mass, which was sampled by computed tomography‐guided FNA and core biopsy. The FNA yielded cellular smears composed of bland endometrioid cells and fragments of ovarian‐type stroma. The core biopsy showed a biphasic process comprising bland endometrioid glands in a spindle‐cell stroma. Immunohistochemical studies performed on the core showed the stroma to be CD10‐negative and smooth muscle actin‐positive. Subsequent resection of the tumor confirmed the diagnosis and revealed an adenocarcinoma arising in the tumor that was not sampled by FNA. To our knowledge, the cytologic features of ovarian endometrioid adenofibroma have not been previously described. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:38–42. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The η5‐(σ‐P,π‐Arene) Chelating H‐MOP Ligand in an Optically and Catalytically Active Rhodium(I) Complex
Authors: Soleilhavoup Michèle , Viau Lydie , Commenges Gérard , Lepetit Christine , Chauvin Remi
Published: June 2004

(R)‐methylbinapium, a Hayashi‐type phosphonium‐MOP ligand, reacts with [Rh(cod)2][BF4] in ethanol to afford the chiral mixed bis(monophosphane)rhodium(I) complex [Rh(η5‐H‐MOP)(MePh2P)][BF4]. The constitutional and geometrical features of this complex have been determined by exhaustive 1H, 11B, 13C, 31P and 103Rh 1‐D, 2‐D and NOE NMR spectroscopy and optical rotation measurements. The chelating η5‐(γ‐phosphanyldiene) ligand character of H‐MOP in this complex is an extension to RhI of similar coordination modes studied by Pregosin in the coordination sphere of RuII. The process of its formation relies on an enantiospecific reductive cleavage of a P+−C bond, which is also reminiscent of Pregosin’s P−C bond cleavages in the ruthenium series. The complex is a catalytic precursor for the hydrogenation of (Z)‐α‐acetamidocinnamic acid. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Gold(I) Macrocycles and [2]Catenanes Containing Sulfone‐Functionalised Diacetylide Ligands
Authors: Mohr Fabian , Jennings Michael C. , Puddephatt Richard J.
Published: June 2004

The reaction of the polymeric digold(I) diacetylide [(AuCCCH2OC6H4)2SO2]n with diphosphane ligands PP leads to the formation of either macrocyclic ring complexes [(AuCCCH2OC6H4)2SO2(μ‐PP)] or [2]catenanes [(AuCCCH2OC6H4)2SO2(μ‐PP)]2 by a self‐assembly process. With the diphosphane ligands Ph2PCCPPh2, [Fe(C5H4PPh2)2] and Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 (n = 4, 5 and 6), macrocyclic ring complexes result, but with the diphosphane ligand Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2, the [2]catenane selectively crystallises from an isomeric mixture of products. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Dynamic Properties of Methyl(trimethylphosphane)nickel Complexes Containing (2‐Diphenylphosphanyl)phenylamido Ligands
Authors: Klein Hans‐Friedrich , Beck Robert , Hetche Olaf
Published: June 2004

P,N‐chelates of nickel NiCl[2‐(Ph2P)C6H4NR](PMe3) (1: R = H; 2: R = SiMe3) have been obtained from NiCl2(PMe3)2 and 2‐(Ph2P)C6H4NRLi. Reaction with MeLi affords methylnickel compounds NiMe[2‐(Ph2P)C6H4NR](PMe3) (3: R = H; 4: R = Me; 5: R = SiMe3). By the same route NiMe[2‐(R1R2P)C6H4NR](PMe3) (6: R1 = R2 = CHMe2) was synthesized. Solutions in THF contain cis and trans isomers of square‐planar complexes, and dynamic NMR spectroscopy shows dissociation of trimethylphosphane to be more rapid in the trans isomers. In a crystal of 5 the molecular structure is cis‐5. Out of these complexes only 3 and 4 add trimethylphosphane to form pentacoordinate compounds NiMe[2‐(Ph2P)C6H4NR](PMe3)2 (7, 8) in the crystal as shown by the molecular structure of 7 while in THF equilibria 7 ⇄ cis‐1 and 8 ⇄ cis‐2 are observed by NMR spectroscopy. The same solution properties are found with NiMe[2‐(R1R2P)C6H4NR](PMe3)2 (9: R1 = CMe3, R2 = Ph). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Fluxional and Rigid (Trimethylphosphane)cobalt Complexes Containing Chelating (2‐Diphenylphosphanyl)anilido Ligands
Authors: Klein Hans‐Friedrich , Beck Robert , Flörke Ulrich , Haupt Hans‐Jürgen
Published: June 2004

2‐(Diphenylphosphanyl)anilines (P∧NHR) eliminate methane upon reaction with [CoMe(PMe3)4] forming the complexes [Co(η2‐P∧NR)(PMe3)3] (1: R = H; 2: R = Me) and [Co(η2‐P∧NR)(PMe3)2] (3: R = Me). Reaction with HCl gives [CoCl(η1‐P∧NHR)(PMe3)2] (4: R = H; 5: R = Me) and reaction with CO or olefin gives [Co(η2‐P∧NR)(CO)(PMe3)2] (6: R = H; 7: R = Me) and [Co(η2‐P∧NR)(olefin)(PMe3)2] (8: R = H, olefin = C2H4; 9: R = Me, olefin = C2H4; 10: R = Me, olefin = C3H6), respectively. No catalytic transformation of the olefins was observed. Oxidation by iodomethane yields a cobalt(II) compound [CoI(η2‐P∧NR)(PMe3)2] (11: R = Me). By treating 2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)aniline with [CoMe2(PMe3)3] a methylcobalt(II) complex [CoMe(η2‐P∧NR)(PMe3)2] (12: R = H) is obtained, while an excess of the aniline produces [Co(η2‐P∧NR)2] (13: R = H; 14: R = Me) or [Co(η2‐P∧NR)2(PMe3)] (15: R = H; 16: R = Me). The methylcobalt(III) complexes mer‐trans‐[CoIMe2(η2‐P∧NR)(PMe3)2] were obtained from LiP∧NR and [CoClMe2(PMe3)3]. Dynamic 31P NMR spectra and the structures of complexes 3, 6, 12, and 13 are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photoluminescent Properties of a Tetracarbonyl(naphthyridylcarbamoyl)rhenium(I) Complex and a Highly Emissive Tetracarbonyl(naphthyridylamido)rhenium(I) Complex
Authors: Zuo Jing‐Lin , Fu Wen‐Fu , Che Chi‐Ming , Cheung Kung‐Kai
Published: June 2004

The reactions of Re(CO)5X (X = Cl, Br) with 7‐amino‐2,4‐dimethyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine (H2L1) and 7‐[2‐(6‐chloropyridyl)amino]‐2,4‐dimethyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine (HL2) in the presence of tBuOK afforded the η1‐naphthyridylcarbamoyl complex [Re(CO)4(HL1CO)] (1) and the naphthyridylamido complex [Re(CO)4(L2)] (2), respectively. The structures of HL2, 1·CHCl3, 1·HL3·2CH2Cl2 [HL3 = (7‐chloronaphthyridyl)(5,7‐dimethylnaphthyridyl)amine], and 2 have been determined by X‐ray crystallography. Complex 1 displays a weak emission at 453 nm in an EtOH/MeOH (1:4, v/v) glassy solution at 77 K; complex 2 exhibits an intense (quantum yield: 0.22 in CH2Cl2) and long‐lived emission (46 μs in CH2Cl2), with a solvent‐sensitive λmax, in degassed solutions at room temperature. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis, Spectra and Crystal Structure of Two Copper(I) Complexes of Acetonethiosemicarbazone
Authors: Lhuachan Sanchai , Siripaisarnpipat Sutatip , Chaichit Narongsak
Published: June 2004

The reaction of copper(I) chloride with acetonethiosemicarbazone (tscac) in a copper to tscac molar ratio of 1:2 forms the cationic complex [Cu(tscac)2]Cl (1). When the ratio of the copper to tscac was reduced to 1:1, a dimeric complex [Cu2Cl2(tscac)2]2 (2) was obtained. In complex 2, two CuCl2 species act as bridging groups between two Cu(tscac)2 moieties forming an eight‐membered ring, whereas in complex 1, there is no CuCl2 moiety in the structure. In both complexes the copper(I) center is coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral geometry to two tscac groups through the sulfur and the imine nitrogen atom. In dimeric complex 2, the sulfur atom in each tscac ligand coordinates weakly to copper(I) in the CuCl2 moiety giving the distorted tetrahedral geometry. For the free ligand, the νc=s vibration at 789 cm−1 appears at lower energy than in complexes 1 and 2 (754 and 744 cm−1 respectively) indicating coordination at the sulfur atom. The complexes synthesized by either electrochemical or chemical methods are identical. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Data for the Base‐On/Base‐Off Equilibration of Alkylcobalamins
Authors: Hamza Mohamed S. A. , Zou Xiang , Brown Kenneth L. , Eldik Rudi van
Published: June 2004

The base‐on/base‐off equilibration of a series of alkylcobalamins (XCbl) was studied as a function of the electronic properties of X. A square scheme was developed to incorporate all species that participate in this equilibration. The equilibrium between five‐ and six‐coordinate species was studied for several alkylcobalamins (protonated base‐off) and alkylcobinamides as a function of pressure by using UV/Vis spectroscopy. In addition, the kinetics of the acid‐induced base‐on/base‐off equilibration of β‐NCCH2Cbl, β‐CF3Cbl and CNCbl were studied; the data obtained reveal evidence for an acid‐catalysed reaction path. The results of this study and the observed correlations are discussed in reference to those reported in the past, and enable the formulation of an overall equilibration scheme. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Halogen Atoms as Reactive Centers for the Introduction of Functional Side Chains into (Arene)ruthenium(0) Complexes
Authors: Bodes Gregor , Heinemann Frank W. , Jobi Günter , Klodwig Jens , Neumann Stefan , Zenneck Ulrich
Published: June 2004

Substitution of the naphthalene ligand of [(COD)(η6‐naphthalene)Ru] (2) (COD = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) by suitable haloarenes (halogen = F, Cl, Br, I) affords several new mono‐ and dihaloarene(cyclooctadiene)ruthenium complexes. Depending on the number and position of the halogen and organyl substituents, the haloarenes form achiral or planar‐chiral π‐ligands; [(η6‐bromoarene)(COD)Ru] complexes are prone to rapid bromine/lithium exchange with nBuLi at low temperatures, while the chloro and fluoro derivatives undergo ortho‐metalation under the same conditions. The lithiated species react readily with chiral or achiral electrophiles such as chlorodiorganophosphanes, carbonyl chlorides, aldehydes, lactones, ketones, and epoxides to yield substituted [(η6‐arene)(COD)Ru] complexes with donor functions in their side chains, inaccessible by other routes. Enantiopure complexes are obtained when achiral lithioarene complexes are combined with chiral electrophiles, but pairs of diastereomers are formed if the lithioarene ligand is a planar‐chiral species. Dinuclear ruthenium complexes [1,1‐bis{(COD)(η6‐phenyl)Ru}‐1,4‐butanediol] (28) and [1,1‐bis{(COD)(η6‐4‐fluorophenyl)Ru}‐1,4‐butanediol] (30) with two (η6‐aryl)(COD)Ru units linked by a common 1,4‐butanediol side chain are formed through the reactions between the appropriate lithioarene complexes and γ‐butyrolactone. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Ruthenium(II) Carbonyl Complexes Containing Bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane and Bis(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐yl)methane
Authors: Messerle Barbara A. , Tolhurst Vicki‐Anne , Turner Peter
Published: June 2004

A series of ruthenium(II) complexes with the pyrazolylalkane ligands bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (BPM) (I) and bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (dmBPM) (II), and the imidazolylalkane ligand bis(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐yl)methane (BIM) (III) have been synthesised and characterised. The complexes [Ru(N‐N)(CO)2X2] [N‐N = BPM, X = Cl (1a), Br (1b); N‐N = dmBPM, X = Cl (2); N‐N = BIM, X = Cl (3)] were prepared from the stoichiometric reaction of [Ru(CO)2X2]n and the bidentate N‐donor ligand in refluxing methanol. The crystal structure of 2 showed the complex to have octahedral geometry about the ruthenium centre, with the carbonyl and chloride ligands being coordinated cis and trans, respectively. The complex [Ru(BPM)2(CO)(Cl)][BPh4] (4) was prepared from the reaction of RuCl3 and BPM in refluxing DMF, or from the decarbonylation of [Ru(BPM)(CO)2Cl2] (1a) in the presence of BPM and NaBPh4. The NMR spectra of 4 were fully assigned from 2D NMR experiments. The NOESY showed a cis coordination of the chloride and carbonyl ligands, and this was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Evolution of Defects in the Bulk Structure of MoO3 During the Catalytic Oxidation of Propene
Authors: Ressler Thorsten , Wienold Julia , Jentoft Rolf E. , Girgsdies Frank
Published: June 2004

The evolution of characteristic defects in the bulk structure of MoO3 under propene oxidation conditions was investigated by in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Under the reaction conditions employed (273 K to 773 K, and propene to oxygen ratios from 1:1 to 1:5), orthorhombic MoO3 remains the only crystalline phase detected by XRD. The starting temperature for the reaction of propene and oxygen in the presence of MoO3 coincides with the temperature at which reduction of MoO3 begins in He, H2 and propene (≈︁ 620 K). At temperatures below 720 K, and independent of the atmosphere used, partial reduction of MoO3 is observed resulting in the formation of “Mo18O52” type defects in the layer structure of α‐MoO3. At temperatures above 720 K, and under oxygen or in an oxidizing atmosphere, the “Mo18O52” type defects are reoxidized to MoO3. Evidently, the catalytically active molybdenum oxide phase develops under partial oxidation conditions at temperatures below 720 K, and does not possess the undisturbed ideal layer structure of orthorhombic α‐MoO3. The results presented clearly show the necessity and the potential for bulk structural investigations of heterogeneous catalysts under the reaction conditions used. The bulk structure, and particularly the type and number of defects in the material (“real” structure) considerably affect the catalytic properties. Hence, in order to rationally design a most active heterogeneous catalyst, both the structure and reactions of the surface, and the structure, defects, and reactions of the bulk need to be known in detail, and carefully considered. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Cover Picture
Authors: Mohr Fabian , Jennings Michael C. , Puddephatt Richard J.
Published: June 2004

The cover picture shows a self‐assembled [2]catenane, with two interpenetrating 24‐membered digold rings and with intermolecular aurophilic attractions as a key feature. Details are discussed in the article by R. J. Puddephatt et al. on p. 217 ff.
[(η6‐Cyclooctatetraene){η5‐(+)‐neomenthylcyclopentadienyl}ruthenium(II)] Hexafluorophosphate: Synthesis and Characterization of a Chiral Mixed Sandwich Complex
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Prosenc Marc H. , Meyer‐Friedrichsen Timo , Heck Jürgen
Published: June 2004

Three different {η5‐(+)‐neomenthylcyclopentadienyl}ruthenium complexes have been synthesized from (−)‐menthol: [(η6‐benzene){η5‐(+)‐neomenthylcyclopentadienyl}ruthenium(II)] hexafluorophosphate (1), [tris(acetonitrile){η5‐(+)‐neomenthylcyclopentadienyl}ruthenium(II)] hexafluorophosphate (2) and [(η6‐cyclooctatetraene){η5‐(+)‐neomenthylcyclopentadienyl}ruthenium(II)] hexafluorophosphate (3). X‐ray structural determination (space group P212121) and NMR spectroscopic studies of 3 show it exists as a single stereoisomer in both the solid and solution phase, with [α]20D = +92.5. The chiral modification of the Cp ligand induces anisochrony for all of the magnetically active nuclei of the unsubstituted COT ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)