bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Novel 4 – Aminoquinoline Hydrazone Analogues as Potential Leads for Drug-Resistant Malaria
Authors: Magwaza Rachael N , Abubaker Muna , Hussain Buthaina , Haley Michael , Couper Kevin , Freeman Sally , Nirmalan Niroshini J
Published: July 2023

The emergence of resistance to first-line antimalarial drugs calls for development of new therapies for drug-resistant malaria. The efficacy of quinoline-based antimalarial drugs has prompted the development of novel quinolines. A panel of 4-aminoquinoline hydrazone analogues were tested on Plasmodium falciparum strains: IC50 values after a 48-hour cycle ranged from 0.60 - 49 µM, while the 72-hour cycle ranged from 26-219 nM on the multi-drug resistant K1 strain. Time-course assays were carried out to define the activity of the lead compounds which inhibited over 50 % growth in 24 hours and 90% growth in 72 hours. Cytotoxicity assays with HepG2 cells showed IC50 values of 0.87-11.1 M, whereas in MDBK cells IC50 values ranged from 1.66-11.7 M. High selectivity indices were observed for the lead compounds screened at 72 hours on P. falciparum. Analyses of stage-specificity revealed that the ring stage of the parasite life cycle were most affected. Based on antimalarial efficacy and in vitro safety profiles, lead compound 4-(2-benzylidenehydrazinyl)-6-methoxy-2-methylquinoline 2 was progressed to drug combination studies for the detection of synergism, with a combinatory index of 0.599 at IC90 for the combination of with artemether, indicating a synergistic antimalarial activity. Compound 2 was screened on different strains of P. falciparum (3D7, Dd2) which maintained similar activity to K1, suggesting no cross-resistance between multi-drug resistance and sensitive parasite strains. In vivo analysis with 2 showed suppression of parasitaemia with P. yoelii NL treated mice (20 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg).
Early Melanoma Detection Based on a Hybrid YOLOv5 and ResNet Technique
Authors: Elshahawy Manar , Elnemr Ahmed , Oproescu Mihai , Schiopu Adriana-Gabriela , Elgarayhi Ahmed , Elmogy Mohammed M. , Sallah Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Cancer is a condition in which the body's cells proliferate unchecked. Skin cancer is one of the deadliest diseases that impacts the skin on many levels. There are several different types of the disease, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanocytic nevus. Due to its increased prevalence, skin cancer, in particular melanoma, is be-coming a serious health problem. Early identification of skin lesions is crucial for successful treatment. Due to their resemblance, many skin lesions are misclassified, which is a severe issue. Researchers seek computer-aided diagnostic tools for early malignant tumor detection. First, a new model based on the combination of "you only look once" (YOLOv5) and "ResNet50" is proposed for melanoma detection with its degree using humans against a machine with 10,000 training images (HAM10000). Second, feature maps integrate gradient change, which allows rapid inference, boosts precision, and reduces the number of hyperparameters in the model, making it smaller. Finally, to get the desired outcomes, the current YOLOv5 model is changed by adding new classes for dermatoscopic images of typical lesions with pigmented skin. The pro-posed approach improves melanoma detection with a real-time speed of 0.4 ms non-maximum suppression (NMS) per image. The performance metrics average is 99.0%, 98.6%, 98.8%, 99.5, 98.3%, and 98.7% for precision, recall, dice similarity coefficient (DSC), accuracy, mean average precision (MAP) from 0.0 to 0.5, and MAP from 0.5 to 0.95, respectively. Compared to cur-rent melanoma detection approaches, the provided approach is more efficient using deep fea-tures.
Small-scale marine fishers’ possession of fishing vessel and its impact to their net income level: A Case Study in Takalar District, South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia
Authors: Muslim Ahmad Imam , Fujimura Miho , Kazunari Tsuji , Salam Muslim
Published: July 2023

During two decades back, the growth of the fisheries sector in Indonesia was showing increasing trend, however, behind the rapid development of the sector, small-scale fisheries role is often neglected as one of the main actors to support the whole sector. They remain poor and doing fishing activities traditionally. Therefore, this study aims to describe the real situation of small-scale fishers, analyzing fishers’ ownership of the boat, analyzing their income level to reveal their poverty condition, to analyze the factors affecting their income. The regression analysis results indicate that fishing days, boat category, sea fish catch, fish selling price, variable cost, and secondary job have significant affect to fishers’ net income.
Participants’ Bias in Disability Research on Family Quality of Life During the 0-6 Years Stage
Authors: Francisco Mora Carmen Tania , Ibáñez-García Alba , Balcells-Balcells Anna
Published: July 2023

Background: Over the past two decades, various research teams have designed and applied instruments to measure the quality of life of families with a member who has a disability. A recent systematic review on the state of art of Family Quality of Life in early care identified that many of these studies collected data only from the mothers. The present study aimed to investigate whether there is a bias in participant selection in these types of studies. Method: A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted in the 3 databases from the year 2000 to 2022. A total of 72 empirical studies have been identified. Results: The findings indicated that most studies examining the family quality of life were based on the information of a single informant per family unit. The profiles of participants according to the research objective is quite similar. In one third of studies the authors report that family members who participate cannot be represented by only mothers or one participant per household. Conclusions: Given the dynamic and collective nature of the construct, the application of a systemic approach is necessary.
Influence of Encapsulation of Propolis Extract with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) on the Polyphenolic Contents during In Vitro Simulation of Digestion
Authors: Perak Junaković Eleonora , Šandor Ksenija , Terzić Svjetlana , Vujnović Anja , Andrišić Miroslav , Benić Miroslav , Fajdić Dominika , Sinković Sonja , Pehnec Mirta , Žarković Irena
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare a water-soluble complex by encapsulation of propolis extract with the carrier 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and to examine the influence of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (GID) on the content of the main polyphenolic groups when administered as aqueous suspension. The research was conducted on two continental samples of propolis from Croatia and a mixture of selected polyphenol standards. By applying UAE followed by a lyophilization procedure, it was possible to obtain a powder with a high content of polyphenols. The content of total phenols (TPs), total flavonols/flavones (TFFs) and total flavanones/dihydroflavonols (TFDs) in the fractions of oral and gastric phase and small intestinal phase performed with two models: centrifugation and dialysis through a semi-permeable membrane, was determined by three UV/Vis spectrophotometric methods: Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminium complexation and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. The obtained results for both propolis complexes showed stability in the polyphenol content and high bioaccessibility during all three phases of digestion. The bioaccessibility of TPs, TFFs and TFDs under in vitro conditions after dialysis through a semipermeable membrane was lower compared to the intestinal phase model with centrifugation.
Role of Lipids and Divalent Cations in Membrane Fusion Mediated by the Heptad Repeat Domain 1 of Mitofusin
Authors: Vlieghe Anaïs , Niort Kristina , Fumat Hugo , Guigner Jean-Michel , Cohen Mickaël , Tareste David
Published: July 2023

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fusion and fission events to maintain their shape, distribution, and cellular function. Mitofusin 1 and 2 proteins are two dynamin-like GTPases involved in the fusion of outer mitochondrial membranes (OMM). Mitofusins are anchored to the OMM through their transmembrane domain and possess two heptad repeat domains (HR1 and HR2) in addition to their N-terminal GTPase domain. The HR1 domain was found to induce fusion via its amphipathic helix, which interacts with the lipid bilayer structure. The lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes can also impact mitochondrial fusion. However, the precise mode of action of lipids in mitochondrial fusion is not fully understood. In this study, we have examined the role of the mitochondrial lipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidic acid (PA) in membrane fusion induced by the HR1 domain, both in the presence and absence of divalent cations (Ca2+ or Mg2+). Our results show that PE, as well as PA in the presence of Ca2+, effectively stimulate HR1-mediated fusion, while CL has a slight inhibitory effect. By considering the biophysical properties of these lipids in the absence or presence of divalent cations, we infer that the interplay between divalent cations and specific cone-shaped lipids creates regions with packing defects in the membrane, which provides a favorable environment for the amphipathic helix of HR1 to bind to the membrane and initiate fusion.
Influence of External Stakeholders in the Digital Transformation Process of an HEI Post COVID
Authors: Díaz-García Vicente , Montero-Navarro Antonio , Rodríguez-Sánchez José-Luis , Gallego-Losada Rocío
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The rapid development of technological innovations is causing major transformations in organisations. These changes are facilitating the transition of organisations from traditional to digital cultures and are influencing the positioning and even the survival of many of them. Higher Education Institutions are no exception. This article aims to understand the main factors that facilitate and drive this transformation from the point of view of their external stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach - Due to the complexity of the study, the case study method has been used as an appropriate methodology. Findings - As the results of the study show, the use of new agile methodologies, the development of continuous improvement processes, the automation of tasks with the use of new technologies, data-driven decision making, and the management of new digital talent are enablers. Research limitations/implications - Further research could conduct similar analyses with other stakeholders, to achieve a complete management model. Practical implications - The case study allows researchers to learn from practitioners and business leaders, while providing a theoretical model that can help other managers in the process of transforming their organisations. Originality/value - The main contribution of this study has been to apply the study to a specific Higher Education Institution.
Effect of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilization Recommended by the EC "From Field to Table" Strategy on the Chemical and Biological Traits of Soils under Maize Crops
Authors: Wolińska Agnieszka , Banach Artur , Kruczyńska Anna , Sochaczewska Anna , Goraj Weronika , Górski Andrzej , Podlewski Jacek , Słomczewski Andrzej , Kuźniar Agnieszka
Published: July 2023

The aim of the study was to verify whether a reduced nitrogen (N) fertilization rate according to the EU recommendation (“From field to table” directive) may guarantee good yields and will be sufficient to maintain soil fertility in monoculture maize cultivation in the no-tillage (NT) system versus the traditional plowing (P) system. Two fields (10 ha each) were established for P and NT maize cultivation where the following N doses were applied: 0.0; 69.0, 92.0, and 115.0 kg ha-1. Soils (0-20 cm) were sampled two times per year - in spring (before maize sowing) and in autumn (after maize harvesting). A broad range of chemical (reaction, water holding capacity, total and easily degradable carbon, ammonium, nitrates, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulfur) and biological (respiration, humic acids) parameters were monitored during the experiment. The vast majority of these factors had higher values in autumn than in spring. Although the role of reduced fertilization was not shown to be significant, the correlation analysis revealed some relationships between yield and nutrient availability. The 20% reduction in N fertilization does not have an adverse effect on the chemistry and biological characteristics of soils and does not worsen their chemical and biological quality.
Should Selection of the Optimum Stochastic Mortality Model Be Based on the Original or the Logarithmic Scale of the Mortality Rate?
Authors: Santolino Miguel
Published: July 2023

Stochastic mortality models seek to forecast future mortality rates; thus, apparently the objective variable should be the mortality rate expressed in the original scale. However, the performance of stochastic mortality models - in terms, that is, of their goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy - is often based on the logarithmic scale of the mortality rate. In this article, we examine whether the same forecast outcomes are obtained when the performance of mortality models is assessed based on the original and log scales of the mortality rate. We compare four different stochastic mortality models: the original Lee-Carter model, the Lee-Carter model with (log-)normal distribution, the Lee-Carter model with Poisson distribution and the median Lee-Carter model. We show that the preferred model will depend on the scale of the objective variable, the selection criteria measure and the range of ages analysed.
Conservative Tryptophan Residue in the Vicinity of an Active Site of the M15 Family L, D-peptidases: A Key Element in the Catalysis
Authors: Mikoulinskaia Galina V. , Prokhorov Dmitry A. , Chernyshov Sergei V. , Sitnikova Daria S. , Arakelian Arina G. , Uversky Vladimir N.
Published: July 2023

Bioinformatics analysis of the sequences of orthologous zinc-containing peptidases of the M15_C subfamily revealed the presence of a conserved tryptophan residue near the active site, which is not involved in the formation of the protein core. Site-directed mutagenesis of this Trp114/109 residue using two representatives of the family, L-alanoyl-D-glutamate peptidases of bacteriophages T5 (Calcium-activated EndoT5) and RB49 (EndoRB49, without ion regulation) as an example, and further analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of the mutants showed that a decrease in the volume of the W → F → A residue leads to changes in the hydrophobic core and active center of the protein, and also decreased affinity for regulatory Ca2+ in the EndoT5 mutants. The inactive T5W114A mutant lacks the ability to bind the substrate. In general, the conserved Trp114/109 residue, due to the spatial restrictions of its side chain, significantly affects the formation of the catalytically active form of the enzyme and is critical for catalysis.
Biotechnological Approaches for Plant Protection and Growth Promotion
Authors: Singh Vikas Kumar , Kotwal Simran , Kaur Arshdeep , Bora Sirisha , Kumar Rahul , Sharma Venushree , Kaushik Prashant
Published: July 2023

For a significant period, conventional breeding and genetic modification were the key techniques that were effective in managing biotic and abiotic stresses in crops and adding desirable traits. However, the recent appearance of novel diseases and unexpected climatic changes that have substantial implications for agriculture worldwide have urged scientists to look for alternative methods to quickly manage seasonal crises. The primary emphasis of this chapter is on the obstacles and diverse biotechnological methods employed to enhance crop resilience against a range of biotic and abiotic stressors in plants. Furthermore, we consider gene transformation, omics techniques, genome editing, and other sophisticated biotechnological tools that utilize transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, phenomics, RNA interference, and epigenome modifications for enhancing plant resilience. Lastly, we examine the potential of merging these eco-friendly and innovative methods with conventional breeding to promote modern agriculture and aid in enhancing tolerance to different biotic, abiotic stresses and growth promotion.
Genome-wide Association Study and Identifying Candidate Genes for Intramuscular Fat Fatty Acid Compositions in Ningxiang Pigs
Authors: Zeng Qinghua , Gao Hu , Yin Shishu , Peng Yinglin , Yang Fang , Fu Yawei , Deng Xiaoxiao , Chen Yue , Hou Xiaohong , Wang Qian , Jin Zhao , Song Gang , He Jun , Yin Yulong , Xu Kang
Published: July 2023

Ningxiang pigs exhibit a diverse array of fatty acids, making them an intriguing model for exploring the genetic underpinnings of Fatty acid metabolism. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study using a dataset comprising 50,697 SNPs and samples from over 600 Ningxiang pigs. Our investigation yielded novel candidate genes linked to five saturated fatty acids (SFAs), four monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and five polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Re-markably, 37, 21, and 16 SNPs showed significant associations with SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, respectively. Notably, ALGA0047587, H3GA0046208, DRGA0016063, and ALGA0031262 demonstrated substantial phenotypic variance (≥ 30%) in Arachidic acid (C20:0), Elaidic Acid (C18:1n-9(t)), and Arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), respectively. Several significant SNPs were posi-tioned proximally to previously reported genes. In total, we identified 11, 6, and 5 candidate genes associated with SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, respectively. These findings hold great promise for advancing breeding strategies aimed at optimizing meat quality and enhancing lipid metabolism within the intramuscular fat (IMF) of Ningxiang pigs.
Design, Synthesis, and Potent Anticancer Activity of Novel Indole-Based Bcl-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Almehdi Ahmed M. , Soliman Sameh S.M. , El-Shorbagi Abdel-Nasser A. , Westwell Andrew D , Hamdy Rania
Published: July 2023

The Bcl-2 family plays a crucial role in regulating cell apoptosis, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this study, a series of indole-based compounds, U1-6, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activity against BCL-2-expressing cancer cell lines. The binding affinity, safety profile, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis effects of the compounds were tested. The designed compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity at sub-micromolar IC50 concentrations against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and A549 cell lines. Notably, U2 and U3 demonstrated the highest activity, particularly against MCF-7 cells. Respectively, both U2 and U3 showed potential Bcl-2 inhibition activity with IC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.02 and 11.10 ± 0.07 µM using an ELISA binding assay compared to 0.62 ± 0.01 µM for gossypol, employed as positive control. Molecular docking analysis suggested stable interactions of compound U2 at the Bcl-2 binding site through hydrogen bonding, pi-pi stacking, and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, U2 demonstrated significant induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase. Importantly, U2 displayed a favorable safety profile on HDF human dermal normal fibroblast cells at 10-fold greater IC50 compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of compound U2 as a Bcl-2 inhibitor and provide insights into its molecular mechanisms of action.
Special Issue on Trans-Disciplinary Approach (TDA) and Decision Making on Building Disaster Resilience
Authors: Ishiwatari Mikio , Tsukahara Kenichi , Takeuchi Kuniyoshi
Published: July 2023

A transdisciplinary approach (TDA) for disaster risk reduction (DRR) is an inclusive and collaborative implementation strategy that brings together stakeholders from various disciplines and sectors. TDA facilitates the collective efforts of diverse stakeholders, encouraging them to work together to co-produce and co-implement solutions that reduce disaster risks. Technical Committee 21, “Transdisciplinary approach for building societal resilience to disasters (TC21),” was established as a technical committee of the Asian Civil Engineering Coordinating Council in 2016. TC21 has been engaged in international collaborative research activities aimed at mitigating water-related disasters by introducing scientific, knowledge-based decision making using the TDA.

This special issue features four case studies that analyze DRR efforts through the lens of the TDA. One such case covers Xinshan Village in Taiwan, which sustained devastating impacts from Typhoon Morakot in 2009. Through collaborative efforts involving all levels of government, residents, academia, and specialists, the village successfully prevented there being any casualties. The second study focuses on the Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program in Japan, a program which is developing disaster risk information systems through collaboration with local municipalities. These systems play crucial disaster management roles on the ground. The third study examines the mechanisms of cost- and responsibility-sharing for disaster management, developed by Japan and the US, and highlights the importance of collaboration and shared accountability in building resilient societies. The fourth study analyzes statement publications at the UN Global Platform for DRR and finds that the number of member states publishing official statements is decreasing.

The findings of these articles demonstrate that collaboration, technology, and investment is crucial for DRR and that these areas can be developed through the TDA. By fostering collaboration, embracing technology, and investing in resilient solutions, stakeholders can collectively build more resilient societies.
How Does the Central Government Make a Remark in the International Arena of Disaster Risk Reduction? Focusing on the Frequency of Statement Publication at the UN Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Hara Yuta , Sasaki Daisuke , Ono Yuichi
Published: July 2023

This study aims to clarify the attitudes of each member state on disaster risk reduction (DRR), and the issues that need to be addressed in the international arena of DRR, to move forward with the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR). To this end, we focused on the last three United Nations meetings of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (GPDRR) after the agreement on the SFDRR and analyzed the frequency of publication of official statements by each member state. In addition, the status of these official statements was analyzed in terms of the actual geographical distribution of disaster risk. We clarified that (1) the GPDRR is not necessarily aware of the situation and opinions of all member states; (2) the trends between the frequency of official statement publication and the actual amount of risk are not always closely related; (3) the member states in the Asian and Pacific Ocean region were more active in presenting official statements than those of other continents; in other words, the attitudes of Caribbean, Eastern Europe, and some African member states, which also have high disaster risks, were shared less frequently in the international arena; (4) some least-developed member states are actively making official statements and expressing their intentions despite the limited human and financial resources. The results of this study would be helpful for member states that have not yet made official statements in the past GPDRR to advance their official statement publication and situations in the international arena.
Establishment of Training System to Cope with Mental Health and Social Issues in Disaster Recovery Public Housing After the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Orui Masatsugu
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to establish a training system for non-mental health professionals to cope with the mental health and social issues of impacted residents in disaster recovery public housing after more than 10 years since the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). In September 2021, a group interview was conducted with seven life support advisors (LSAs) in charge of providing continuous support for impacted residents. These advisors possess a good understanding of the situation of impacted residents in disaster recovery public housing. Isolation emerged as an apparent issue, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak in which interactions among residents were reduced. Then, a training program for coping with isolation, as well as other issues identified through the interviews, such as delusions, troublesome behaviors, alcohol-related issues, wandering, suicidal ideation, and social withdrawal, was developed. For infection prevention and ease of obtaining training opportunities, this program was distributed online. Eleven participants were trained to use the developed program and were subsequently asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire. Results showed a considerable increase in the participants’ comprehension in addressing the impacted residents’ mental health issues. Although further investigation is warranted given that the representativeness and validity of our findings are somewhat limited, this study revealed the current situation of impacted residents in disaster recovery public housing following the GEJE. It also established a mental health training system for non-mental health professionals that addresses the identified issues. The developed training system for advisors would contribute to preparedness and risk reduction for future disasters.
An Analysis of HOTS Level Questions on the Indonesian Objective Tests
Authors: Putri Tia Anggraini , Yulistio Didi , Trianto Agus
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to describe HOTS-level questions in the objective tests at the end-of-semester Indonesian exam for class XII at SMA Negeri 3 Bengkulu Tengah. The researcher's description was based on Anderson & Krathwohl's theory. This research was a qualitative descriptive study. The data source in this study was in the form of documents for the end-of-semester exams for class XII Indonesian at SMA Negeri 3 Bengkulu Tengah, totaling 105 questions using documentation data collection techniques. The analysis showed that HOTS questions still tend to be few and have not fully used HOTS-level questions. 11 questions meet the characteristics of HOTS questions or the equivalent of 10% of the data used. 10% of HOTS questions were dominated by the C4 thinking process dimension (analyzing), which consists of 6 questions (6%), the C5 thinking process dimension (evaluating) 4%, and the C6 thinking process dimension (creating) 1%. For the knowledge dimension, the HOTS questions were dominated by questions that measure the conceptual knowledge dimension.
Foreign language learning strategies of three Indonesian multilinguals: A narrative inquiry study
Authors: Mardiana Rizdika
Published: July 2023

Foreign language learners usually learn a foreign language using their first language. There has been limited report on study discussing the ability of foreign language learners to learn a foreign language using their learned foreign language. This study employed an autobiographical narrative inquiry based on the experience of three multilinguals. This study aimed to find out their strategies in learning foreign languages and the factors affecting in learning foreign languages. This study found that there were two Indonesian multilinguals that learn Japanese using their limited ability in English. The other multilingual learn English at school and learned Dutch at a language course. The results proved that there are factors such as learner characteristics, linguistic factors, learning processes, age and acquisition, instructional variables, context, purpose, motivation, attention, attitude, study habit, self-concept, and student aptitude affecting learners in learning foreign languages. This study gives little contribution to our understanding on the strategies that might been applied by a foreign language learner to learn a new foreign language.
Isolated Second and Third Carpometacarpal Joint Injuries
Authors: Spratt James D. , Stults Parker , Hanson Zachary C. , Lourie Gary M.
Published: July 2023

Cases:

Two high-level male athletes with isolated second and third carpometacarpal (2, 3 CMC) joint injuries presented with mid-dorsal wrist pain, decreased grip strength, and painful wrist motion. Both reported inciting trauma-1 acutely and the other months after the original injury. Both exhibited 2, 3 CMC joint tenderness and positive provocative testing on exam. Advanced imaging confirmed 2, 3 CMC joint injuries. Both patients returned to preinjury level of play 3 months after diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Conclusion:

2, 3 CMC joint injuries should be considered when evaluating radial/mid-dorsal wrist pain. Surgical treatments range from pin stabilization to fusion depending on chronicity and associated degenerative joint changes.
Closed Reduction Technique for Acetabular Fractures with Femoral Head Protrusion and Concomitant Superolateral Impaction
Authors: Hidden Krystin A. , Yang JaeWon , Githens Michael F. , Firoozabadi Reza
Published: July 2023

Case:

Closed reduction of acetabular fractures with femoral head protrusion and superolateral femoral head impaction may be challenging because the intact acetabular roof may block anatomic reduction with traditional maneuvers. We report the use of a 5-step technique for this unique pattern: medializing force to disengage the femoral head, axial traction to clear the intact ilium, lateralizing force to center the head underneath the acetabular roof, confirmation of femoral head stability, and skeletal traction placement.

Conclusion:

Acetabular fractures with femoral head protrusion and concomitant superolateral impaction may be reduced with an initial medializing force followed by axial and lateralizing forces.
La relación de la actividad física sobre la imagen corporal en mujeres postparto
Authors: Tornero-Quiñones Inmaculada , Rendón Gallego María , Molina-López Jorge , Sierra-Robles Ángela , Sáez-Padilla Jesús
Published: July 2023

La percepción de la imagen corporal suele verse afectada en las diferentes etapas de la vida de la mujer. La práctica de ejercicio físico está relacionada con una mejora de la percepción de la imagen corporal, por lo que resulta importante investigar para conocer cómo afecta la práctica de ejercicio físico a la imagen corporal en la etapa postparto, ya que en esta etapa la percepción suele ser más negativa. Para ello, se diseñó un cuestionario en línea compuesto por cuestiones sociodemográficas, se evaluó el nivel de actividad física a través del International Physical Activity Questionnaire y la satisfacción corporal a través del Body Shape Questionnaire. La muestra ha sido compuesta por 80 mujeres españolas, de edades comprendidas entre 23 y 42 años que han sido madres en los años 2020 y 2021. Los resultados muestran que el Índice de Masa Corporal está asociado positiva y significativamente con la insatisfacción corporal. Sin embargo, en relación con el ejercicio físico, los resultados mostraron una relación inversa a la esperada. Aquellas mujeres que presentaban mayor insatisfacción corporal fueron las que más Índice de Masa Corporal tenía y más práctica de actividad física realizaban, siendo el Índice de Masa Corpora la variable que más explicaba la insatisfacción corporal.
Stratigraphic architecture and distribution patterns of submarine fan-reservoir elements: insights derived from the Pliocene and Pleistocene Bengal Fan
Authors: Li Dongwei , Gong Chenglin , Ge Daoyao , Fan Guozhang , Steel Ronald J. , Shao Dali , Qi Kun
Published: July 2023

3-D seismic data from the Bengal Fan along with spectral decomposition and RGB color blending techniques display stratigraphic architectures and spatiotemporal distribution patterns of submarine fan-reservoir elements in stark detail. Seven reservoir elements are recognized in Pliocene and Pleistocene channel–lobe complexes (i.e., subfans) developed on the northeastern fringe of the Bengal Fan. Among them, crevasse, overbank, and avulsion splays are not well acknowledged by standard models of submarine fan-reservoir elements. Crevasse splays decrease in thicknesses towards ancestral channels, and are capped by overlying levees, whereas overbank and avulsion splays increase in thicknesses towards ancestral channels and cap underlying levees. Crevasse and avulsion splays exhibit lobate planform morphology and are linked updip to ancestral channels by feeder channels, whereas overbank splays display tongue-like planform morphology and lack feeder channels. Fills of laterally migrated channel-complex sets (CCSs) appear only in early stage of subfan evolution, whereas fills of vertically stacked CCSs can appear either in middle or late stages of subfan evolution. The inner segment of the documented subfans fostered infills of both laterally migrated and vertically stacked CCSs, whereas the outer segment of the studied subfans contains terminal lobe complexes and distributary-channel fills. Crevasse, overbank, and avulsion splays can appear either in middle or late stages of subfan evolution, and mainly occur in overbank environments of middle segments of the documented subfans, which are dominated by muddy facies as predicted by the standard model of submarine fan-reservoir elements. Pliocene and Pleistocene subfans demonstrate the importance of splay processes in submarine-fan evolution, and this has implications for understanding the evolution of the volumetrically largest sediment accumulations on Earth and the distribution of submarine fan-reservoir components. The downlap of subsequent levees onto crevasse splays and overbank splays created stratigraphic traps with the potential for large hydrocarbon accumulations.
Reticulados distributivos com uma adjunção
Authors: Freitas Romulo Albano de , Feitosa Hercules de Araújo
Published: July 2023

Neste trabalho, propomos a junção de dois tópicos algébricos bastante conhecidos, de modo independentes, e como elesse relacionam com sistemas lógicos subjacentes. Os tópicos algébricos são os reticulados distributivos e os pares de Galois. Como são vários os pares de Galois, optamos por tratar de um destes pares, a adjunção. Como é conhecido na literatura sobre lógicas algébricas, reticulados distributivos são modelos algébricos para a Lógica Positiva, um sistema lógico proposicional que não conta com o operador de negação. Os operadores de conjunção, disjunção e condicional se comportam de modo muito similar aos correspondentes operadores clássicos. Como em todo reticulado temos a noção de ordem, temos meios iniciais para caracterizarmos os pares de Galois sobre esta estrutura algébrica. Faremos, então, o acréscimo de operadores modais ao sistema positivo para formalizarmos o referido par de Galois, a adjunção, no ambiente lógico, como contraparte da justaposição das duas estruturas algébricas.
Physics, Welfare Optimization, Russian Gas, and Climate Change: Questions to Economics
Authors: Lindenberger Dietmar , Grahl Jürgen , Kümmel Reiner
Published: July 2023

In modern industrial economies wealth is generated by the production factors capital, labor, and energy. The capital stock is handled by labor and activated by energy. Utilization of energy is subject to the first two laws of thermodynamics, which rule all processes of life and production. In highly industrialized countries energy’s economic weight (output elasticity) is typically much larger than its share in total factor cost, whereas for labor the opposite holds. The cost-share theorem and the related equilibrium structure of neoclassical economics are contrary to that. A model calculation of output losses in German industry due to constraints on energy availability, e.g. as a consequence of the sudden stop of Russian gas imports as proposed in March 2022, shows: If one forgoes the cost-share theorem one obtains losses that are an order of magnitude larger than the losses that result from neoclassical equilibrium analyses based on welfare optimization without technological constraints. This, the economic consequences felt by producers and consumers by the actual lack of Russian gas in Western Europe, and the need to reduce fossil energy combustion to mitigate climate change, raise a number of questions to economics.
A cardiopulmonary resuscitation assist device improves pediatric resuscitation algorithm adherence: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ruangnapa Kanokpan , Pruksasri Jirawat , Palungsinchum Parm , Saelim Kantara , Prasertsan Pharsai , Anuntaseree Wanaporn
Published: July 2023

Background: Most widely used cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) assist devices only focus on chest compression (CC), without accounting for CPR algorithms. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel CPR assist device (XXX-CPR Helper) in improving resuscitation algorithm adherence in simulated pediatric cardiac arrest.
Methods: A single blind randomized controlled trial was conducted using a pediatric simulation-based method among 30 resuscitation teams (113 medical students). The teams were randomized into an intervention or control group. The intervention group used the new CPR Helper during the simulation. All events and measurements were recorded using the SimView™ program. Adherence to the standard pediatric CPR algorithm was assessed using four criteria: average CC rate of 100–120/min, 2-min CC and pulse check cycle, first defibrillation given within 1 min, and administration of first adrenaline dose within 3 min after CC initiation. This trial is registered with Thaiclinicaltrials.org, TCTR20230717001.(registered on 17 July 2023)
Results: The percentage of teams achieving all four criteria was significantly higher in the intervention than in the control group (28.6% versus 0%, p= 0.042). The percentage of teams with a CC rate of 100–120/min was significantly higher in the intervention group (93.3% versus 40%, p= 0.005). However, there was no significant difference in the average CC rate between the groups (109 versus 105, p= 0.203).
Conclusion: The XXX-CPR Helper is an effective CPR assist device, as it can improve adherence to the CPR algorithm, especially among inexperienced resuscitators.
Integrating the Social Determinants of Health into Graduate Medical Education training: a Scoping Review
Authors: Nour Nehal , Onchonga David , Neville Siobhan , O’Donnell Patrick , Abdalla Mohamed Elhassan
Published: July 2023

Background The social determinants of health (SDH) play a key role in the health of individuals, communities, and populations. Academic institutions and clinical licensing bodies increasingly recognize the need for healthcare professionals to understand the importance of considering the SDH to engage with patients and manage their care effectively. However, incorporating relevant skills, knowledge, and attitudes relating to the SDH into curricula must be more consistent. This scoping review explores the integration of the SDH into graduate medical education training programs. Methods A systematic search was performed of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, ERIC, and Scopus databases for articles published between January 2010 and March 2023. A scoping review methodology was employed, and articles related to training in medical or surgical specialities for registrars and residents were included. Pilot studies, non-SDH-related programs, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded. Results The initial search produced 829 articles after removing duplicates. The total number of articles included in the review was 24. Most articles were from developed countries such as the USA (22), one from Canada, and only one from a low-and middle-income country, Kenya. The most highly represented discipline was paediatrics. Six papers explored the inclusion of SDH in internal medicine training, with the remaining articles covering family medicine, obstetrics, gynecology, or a combination of disciplines. Longitudinal programs are the most effective and frequently employed educational method regarding SDH in graduate training. Most programs utilize combined teaching methods and rely on participant surveys to evaluate their curriculum. Conclusion Applying standardized educational and evaluation strategies for SDH training programs can pose a challenge due to the diversity of the techniques reported in the literature. Exploring the most effective educational strategy in delivering these concepts and evaluating the downstream impacts on patient care, particularly in surgical and non-clinical specialties and low- and middle-income countries, can be essential in integrating and creating a sustainable healthcare force.
Prevalence of oral disorders in institutionalized edentulous elderly people in Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Aghasadeghi Kiana , Ghapanchi Jannan , Rezazadeh Fahime , Bastan Ahmad Reza , Derafshi Reza , Farzin Mitra , Maroufi Sara
Published: July 2023

Background:we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in Iranian institutional old persons.Methods:This cross-sectional study was carried outon edentulous persons were contacted at 5 nursing homes scattered in Shiraz. 11-19 were selected in each geographical region. Following filling the questionnaire, cases were subjected to a clinical oral exam recognizing the guidelines of the WHO using by an oral medicine specialists.Results:Of the 86 participants studied, 13 were men and 43 were women with mean age 66.34 ± 7.12 years. More than half of the cases had oral disorders. Angular cheilitis was seen in 28 cases and denture stomatitis in. Epulis fissuratum and MRG were seen in 4 cases. Two subjects had an oral ulcer and 5 persons had burning sensation.Conclusion:In this study oral lesions was more than 50%, among edentulous participant that most of them were related to denture.
Palaeoecology of calcified microfossils from the Lower Devonian (Pragian-Emsian) of Sierra Morena (SW Spain)
Authors: Ernst Andrej , Vachard Daniel , Rodríguez Sergio
Published: July 2023

Lower Devonian (Pragian – Emsian) reefal deposits of Sierra Morena (SW Spain) contain locally abundant calcified cyanobacteria, calcareous alga, and various microfossils including foraminifers. Calcified cyanobacteria are represented by Girvanella spp. A–C, which form crusts and clumps of various shape. Supposed green alga (?Dasycladales) is represented by a new genus with one new species, Bediaella hispanica gen. nov. sp. nov. Algospongia include Vasicekia margaritula (Saltovskaya, 1986) n. comb. Microproblematica is represented by Rothpletzella sp. The studied assemblages indicate photic and warm conditions in a shallow and well-agitated environment with normal salinity, and probably mirror episodes of shallowing due to eustatic sea level fluctuations.
Implications of Vascular Depression for Successful Cognitive Aging in HIV disease
Authors: Mustafa Andrea I , Beltran-Najera Ilex , Evans Darrian , Bartlett Alexandria , Dotson Vonetta M , Woods Steven Paul
Published: July 2023

Introduction:Although older adults with HIV are at high risk for mild neurocognitive disorders, a subset experience successful cognitive aging (SCA). HIV is associated with an increased risk of vascular depression (VasDep), which can affect cognitive and daily functioning. The current study examined whether VasDep impedes SCA among older adults with HIV.
Methods: 136 persons with HIV aged 50 years and older were classified as either SCA+ (n=37) or SCA- (n=99) based on a battery of demographically adjusted neurocognitive tests and self-reported cognitive symptoms. Participants were also stratified on the presence of vascular disease (e.g., hypertension) and current depression as determined by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Depression/Dejection scale of the Profile of Mood States.
Results: A Cochran-Armitage test revealed a significant additive effect of vascular disease and depression on SCA in this sample of older adults with HIV (z=4.13, p<.0001). Individuals with VasDep had the lowest frequency of SCA+ (0%), which differed significantly from the group with only vascular disease (30%, OR=0.04, CI=0.002,0.68)) and the group with neither vascular disease nor depression (47% OR =0.02, CI=0.33,0.001). Findings were not confounded by demographics, HIV disease severity, or other psychiatric and medical factors (ps>.05). Discussion:These data suggest that presence of VasDep may be a barrier to SCA in older adults with HIV disease. Prospective, longitudinal studies with neuroimaging-based operationalizations of VasDep are needed to further clarify this risk factor’s role in the maintenance of cognitive and brain health in persons with HIV disease.
Climatopia: Risks and opportunities of climate-inspired utopic design
Authors: Carrere Alize , Broad Kenneth , Mach Katharine J.
Published: July 2023

As climate change intensifies, architects and other design professionals are creating bold visions for future dwellings, such as green buildings, masterplanned eco-cities, and even planetary-scale sustainability measures. These climatopias, categorically different from ecological utopias of the past, are architectural and urban planning proposals for the built environment that seek to address climate adaptation and/or mitigation through new design, material and sociopolitical processes. Even if never implemented, climatopias have inspired provocative thinking for the climate crisis, and they could transform systems that no longer serve the greater good. However, as with all utopian works, climatopias have the potential to do as much harm as good. Integrating research from architectural studies, utopian studies, and adaptation science, this paper defines the concept of climatopia and analyzes eight climatopia projects around the world for their effectiveness, justice, and feasibility. Our findings reveal that climatopias have the potential to support climate resilience in planning and design schemes for the built environment when they 1) employ design, construction, and material production processes that significantly lower a project’s embodied and operational carbon, 2) are affordable and involve residents in the design and implementation processes, and 3) are designed to be built and deployed today or are designed to provoke transformational thinking about potential climate solutions. To ignore these factors runs the risk of climatopias becoming yet another chapter of failed, if not harmful, utopian experiments in the built environment.
Crystal Structure of 4-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA Synthetase (ADP-forming): A Key Enzyme in the Thaumarchaeal Hydroxypropionate/Hydroxybutyrate cycle
Authors: DeMirci Hasan , Johnson J , Tolar Bradley , Tosun Bilge , Yoshikuni Yasuo , Francis Christopher , Wakatsuki Soichi
Published: July 2023

The 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3HP/4HB) cycle from ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota is currently considered the most energy-efficient aerobic carbon fixation pathway. The Nitrosopumilus maritimus 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) (Nmar_0206) from this cycle represents one of a number of proteins that exhibit increased efficiency over its crenarchaeal counterparts. Nmar_0206 catalyzes the conversion of 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB) and Coenzyme-A (CoA) to 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA through the dephosphorylation of ATP to ADP, as opposed to AMP as seen in Crenarchaeota. This enzyme reduces energy requirements on the cell, thus reflecting thaumarchaeal success in adapting to low-nutrient environments.