bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space, Subjectivity, and Literary Studies in the Age of Globalization
Authors: Santiáñez Nil
Published: May 2018

Taking as a premise the view that the present is a transitional period toward what seems to be a new epoch, this chapter argues that discussions on literary studies vis-à-vis globalization ought to reflect on the new production of space that started in the 1980s and is now expanding throughout the globe. The processes of globalization go hand in hand with a new experience of space and with the formation of new subjectivities. These and related phenomena make it difficult, if not impossible, to approach national literary traditions as discrete objects of study. Santiáñez’s chapter contends that, in the same way that many individuals live the world transnationally, Hispanism needs to be practiced as if works and authors were nodes located in a space of flows that both includes and transcends the nation. While globalization has—so far—not brought about the end of the nation-state, it has redefined it. This redefinition—which in fact describes the new function as well as the loss of sovereignty of the nation-state in the age of globalization—requires from teachers and researchers trained to work on national literatures an in-depth, radical reassessment of their activities.
The Classical Tradition of Cosmopolitan “Spiritual Exercises” in Jorge Luis Borges and Latin American Postnational Literature
Authors: Prado Bernat Castany
Published: May 2018

Castany Prado’s chapter offers a fuller understanding of Borges’s cosmopolitanism, which has been influential in contemporary Western literature in general, and, more specifically, in postnational Latin American literature. The author traces the roots of cosmopolitanism back to the teachings of the Cynics, the Epicureans, the Stoics, and the Neo-Platonists, before identifying their literary projections in contemporary Hispanic literature. He then argues that the postnational paradigm is neither the direct result of recent globalization processes, nor can it be understood in solely internationalist terms; rather, it is heir to a millennia-long tradition of philosophical cosmopolitanism. This is especially important in the area of postnational Latin American literature, for which, according to Castany Prado, Borges constitutes a decisive influence.
The Politics of Coalition Building in the Ohio Valley, 1765–1774
Authors: Harper Rob
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores diplomacy in the Ohio Valley at the end of the colonial era to understand the motives that led colonial and Native leaders to cooperate and form coalitions. Such a study shifts scholars’s understanding of politics in the interwar Ohio Valley. It encourages a focus not on broad categories, such as militant and accommodationist Indians or pro-government and anti-government colonists, but rather on the messy web of political interests and affiliations that such categories often obscure. A diversity of concerns and strategies created the need for coalitions that bridged geographic, political, ideological, ethnic, and racial divisions. Lacking either an effective formal political system or a broad consensus regarding ends and means, Ohio Valley inhabitants could achieve their goals only by cultivating allies with dissimilar interests and priorities. The process of coalition formation therefore centered on the search for allies with overlapping interests, the articulation of those interests in ways that encouraged cooperation, and ongoing attempts to downplay or finesse coalition partners’s differing goals. These activities constituted the core of political life in revolutionary Ohio.
Los Desaparecidos in the Gulf Coast and Early Texas Borderlands
Authors: Gerona Carla
Published: May 2018

This chapter highlights the experiences of those who disappeared or went missing on the southwestern borderlands in early Texas. Examined from the human angle of loss, the stories in the early Spanish narratives highlight the intense magnitude of destruction on these emergent borderlands, matching the dramatic numbers. A fresh look from this perspective also helps to insert Cabeza de Vaca’s account where it belongs—in the middle—as a connected series of entries into La Florida, some of which pushed west into Texas. Not just a miraculous “survivor,” the Spanish conquistador engaged in violent acts that mimicked previous conquistas; he also provided a model for others to follow as disappearances came to mark the borderlands for Spaniards and Indians alike. It also reminds readers that the possibility—even likelihood—of disappearance loomed over all of the colonial enterprise.
Everybody's Problem
Authors: Hawkins Karen M.
Published: May 2018

Everybody’s Problem: The War on Poverty in Eastern North Carolina puts forward a new and broader understanding of the factors that contributed to declining poverty rates during the 1960s and beyond. The main focus of this study is Craven County, North Carolina, home to the nation’s first rural antipoverty program to receive federal funds as part of President Johnson’s War on Poverty. After quickly creating local contoversy in its first year, the program—much to the surprise of its conservative critics—survived through the remainder of the decade and into the next. Most responsible was the large presence and influence of moderates, both white and black, who kept it going out of a strong desire to improve economic development and opportunity in their community. In addition to focusing on urban areas, scholars have largely underappreciated the practicality and effectiveness of cooperation, compromise, and other forms of moderate leadership in their analyses of the social change that occurred during the 1960s. They have generally argued that confrontation and direct protest against those in power were among the most effective means for the poor to achieve economic empowerment. While protest and other forms of confrontation were sometimes key tactics in creating change, they were not always the most successful ones in Eastern North Carolina. Aiming to build upon existing research on the War on Poverty, this book tells a fuller story of what community action entailed and how it functioned in a local community.
An Unexpected Rise in Outside Intervention
Authors: Hawkins Karen M.
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses the increased intervention from the Office of Economic Opportunity and the North Carolina Fund in Craven Operation Progress matters. Federal officials within both the OEO and the Department of Labor had begun to conclude, similarly to Fund staff, that local control of community action would never allow the types of social and institutional change they believed were necessary to meet the needs of the poor. From their perspective in Washington, D.C., too many businessmen, elected officials, and other power-structure types served on local boards. Moreover, these men and women were either incapable of making or unwilling to make the kinds of decisions likely to enhance the poor’s political influence or economic standing. Eventually, save for the rare instances in which the poor made up a majority of a Community Action Agency board, local community action experiments began to be seen as a roadblock to the War on Poverty’s goals of improving opportunities and justice for indigent populations (especially in the South, where many of the long-term poor were black). The executive director ultimately resigns following pressure from both groups to step down.
Entheseal Changes
Authors: Weiss Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on locations called entheses where muscles attach to bones and whether muscle use can create changes at these locations. Entheseal changes, which have also been called musculoskeletal stress markers, have been utilized to reconstruct activity patterns in a wide range of studies. Some entheseal change researchers suggest that the muscle use causes microtrauma at the entheses; others suggest that bone remodeling (rather than repair) sufficiently explains the localized changes found at entheses. Yet entheseal changes also correlate with non-activity variables; age is the best predictor of entheseal changes. It seems that fibrocartilaginous entheses, which attach muscle to bone via a fibrous tendon, are less prone to non-activity confounds than the more often examined fibrous entheses, which involve large muscles that attach directly onto bone.
The President and American Capitalism since 1945
Authors: Rose Mark H. , Biles Roger
Published: May 2018

This chapter notes the decline of presidential studies in the historiography of the United States and observes that this volume will contribute to a renewed interest in the topic. The chapter also introduces the major themes explored throughout the book. Finally, it provides brief summaries of the following fifteen chapters.
Presidents, the Federal Budget, and Economic Good, 1946–2008
Authors: Morgan Iwan
Published: May 2018

Especially since passage of the Employment Act of 1946, American presidents have used the federal budget to promote economic growth. They frequently raised or lowered taxes to stimulate or curtail investment. Thus, the creation of budget deficits and surpluses became major tools for presidents in their stewardship of the U.S. economy.
“Equality as a Result”?
Authors: Elias Allison
Published: May 2018

The National Association of Working Women (“9to5”), a labor organization for working women, fought for enforcement of affirmative action regulations. The success of the organization’s efforts depended largely on support—or lack of support—from the Oval Office. American presidents from both political parties declined to support 9to5, leaving corporate officials free to ignore federal strictures.
Landscapes as Heritage
Authors: Baird Melissa F.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the political dynamics, cultural processes, and frictions of landscapes as heritage. It defines heritage landscapes and locates these within the emergent field of critical heritage theory (CHT). The chapter discusses how landscapes figure prominently in peoples' lives and imaginations. They are also the site of conflict and crisis, displacement and loss, and/or are the means in which communities negotiate identity, nation-state boundaries, sovereignty, or come to terms with difficult events. This chapter argues that scholars are often constrained in how to address these contexts in their work, and suggests that some of these challenges relate epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. Drawing on research experiences as an archaeologist, anthropologist, ethnographer, and international heritage expert, the author illustrates the complexities of landscapes as heritage, and argues that it is critical that scholars and researchers reconcile the landscapes encountered in their work with their sociopolitical contexts.
The Politics of Place
Authors: Baird Melissa F.
Published: May 2018

This chapter presents research on the UNESCO World Heritage cultural landscape Uluru-Kata Tjuta in Australia. Drawing from ethnographic interviews of heritage experts and archival research, the chapter examines the politics embedded within managing and interpreting cultural landscapes in World Heritage contexts. It asks: how do heritage designations affect claims to traditional homelands, resources, and subsistence and resource management practices? The data show how largely apolitical and ahistorical narratives reconfigured the historical and social conditions of the park and redefined Traditional Owners' relationship to Country. It argues that state and national laws and World Heritage and national park policies work in ways that force Traditional Owners to make claims within systems that are largely incompatible with their custodial responsibilities, knowledge practices, and customary laws.
Landscapes of Extraction
Authors: Baird Melissa F.
Published: May 2018

This chapter presents ongoing research on the resource frontiers of Western Australia. Resource frontiers conceptually mark the space of enactment around people and resources, and engender revitalization and renewal as much as inequality, exploitation, and displacement. As spaces of connection, frontiers engage action: investment, extraction, negotiation, development, and divestment. They have engendered new paths and access to resources, and repositioned stakeholders as key negotiators in courts, public forums, and cultural heritage initiatives. This chapter asks: how have notions of landscapes come to be redefined in this process? Drawing from research along the Pilbara Coast of Western Australia, the chapter examines how this region represents a true resource frontier, with infrastructure (physical, political, and social) being built to support Australia’s expanding extractive operations. It shows how industry is mobilizing the language of heritage, Indigenous rights, and sustainability in their conceptions of heritage and through their corporate and social responsibility campaigns. The chapter argues that it is urgent to clarify the competing claims and trace the varied agendas of global institutions, corporations, the nation-state, and stakeholders. It examines how corporate conceptions of heritage intersect with ideas and issues surrounding land and access, indigeneity, sustainable development, and the rights of Indigenous peoples.
The Archaeology of Utopian and Intentional Communities
Authors: Kozakavich Stacy C.
Published: May 2018

Intentional communities, including religious, utopian, and communal societies, have long been a feature of the American social and economic landscape. This volume describes and discusses historical archaeology’s contributions to our understanding of intentional communities throughout American history. Scholars across many disciplines have long been interested in communal experiments for their optimistic ideals, dramatic methods, and often eventual failures. Archaeologists’ focus on the material world and lived experiences of community members adds depth and complexity to our historical knowledge about these people. Sometimes our work demonstrates the ways that communitarians enacted their ideals. At other times it shows how daily practices diverged from a group’s ideal path. Often it makes us rethink the questions we ask about how communities are formed and maintained. Structured according to the scale of methodological focus—from settlement patterns and landscape, to the built environment, to artifact studies—the case studies presented in this volume will give readers a thorough introduction to archaeological research to date in this field. An expanded case study will describe archaeological research on the Kaweah Co-operative Commonwealth of late nineteenth-century California. The closing chapter discusses the social and political implications of retelling past experimental communities’ stories in publications and historical reconstructions.
Building the Ideal
Authors: Kozakavich Stacy C.
Published: May 2018

This chapter introduces the terminology of studying alternative communities and interrogates the terms utopian, communal, and intentional as applicable to the subject of the book. Finding "intentional communities" to be the preferred term, the chapter provides five qualities that are shared by all groups who may be defined as such. An overview of the types of communities prevalent in American history follows, including religious movements such as the Shakers and Harmonists, social reform movements such as the Oneida Community and Brook Farm, and socialist experiments such as the Kaweah Co-operative Commonwealth and Llano del Rio Cooperative. The chapter explains why company towns, residential institutions, and temporary communities are not intentional communities and provides justification for the geographic limitations of the volume.
Understanding Communities
Authors: Kozakavich Stacy C.
Published: May 2018

This chapter outlines patterns in the history of scholarship on intentional communities, beginning with journalists and social observers contemporary with the groups as well as voices from within communities themselves. The interplay between seemingly dispassionate evaluations, critical excoriations, and glowing endorsements from a multitude of scholars over the past several decades has created not a unified field of study but a multidisciplinary niche accommodating historians, anthropologists, economists, sociologists, and others. Archaeology's strengths in accessing evidence at three scales; landscape, the built environment, and artifacts, are presented and demonstrated in the case study of the ca. 1899–1920 Doukhobor village of Kirilovka in western Canada.
Seeking Kaweah
Authors: Kozakavich Stacy C.
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on a single intentional community, the Kaweah Co-operative Commonwealth, that attempted to establish a socialist alternative to corporate monopoly and labor exploitation in late nineteenth-century Tulare County, California. Employing the scaled archaeological view presented in the preceding chapters illuminates different aspects of the group's attempts to built a better society. The Kaweah Colony's major landscape modification effort, a road to access timber resources, became a backbone of their settlement pattern in the mountainous terrain. Their tent village of Advance was built to provide families with basic services such as a communal kitchen and dining hall, school, and printing office within canvas shelters. Each family brought their own household possessions to Advance, furnishing tents with comforts, conveniences, and cultural symbols that mixed Victorian domesticity with radical social goals. While archaeological remains of Kaweah Colony households' daily lives are scant, their road and its associated camp locations provide tangible reminders in local memory of a time when hopeful social innovators considered this remote valley to be the "Center of Civilization."
Between Washington and Du Bois
Authors: Ellis Reginald K.
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this manuscript is threefold. First, it will serve as a cultural biography of Dr. James Edward Shepard and the National Religious Training Institute and Chautauqua for the Negro Race and later the North Carolina College for Negroes (which became North Carolina Central University). Second, it will argue that black college presidents of the early twentieth century such as Shepard were more than academic leaders; they were race leaders. Shepard’s role at the NRTIC/NCC was to develop a race through this institution. Lastly, this study argues that Shepard, like most black college presidents, did not focus primarily on the difference between liberal arts and vocational education. Rather, he considered the most practical ways to uplift his race. Therefore, this study will be more than a biography of an influential African American, but an analytical study of a black leader during the age of Jim Crow in the South.
“Change the Man and the Environments Will Be Changed by Man”
Authors: Ellis Reginald K.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the creation of the National Religious Training Institute and Chautauqua (NRTIC), while also revealing a shift in Shepard’s approach to racial issues in North Carolina at the turn of the twentieth century. I analyze relationships that Shepard built with Benjamin Newton Duke and the Duke family and other philanthropists. Moreover, I discuss Shepard’s position on the Washington/Du Bois debate. Shepard is considered by scholars of NCC as a colleague of Washington while also garnering the respect of Du Bois. I reveal the influence and respect that Shepard had within North Carolina as NRTIC shifted from a private to a public entity and became the first publicly funded black college in the South that focused primarily on liberal arts education.
Are You For Me or Against Me?
Authors: Ellis Reginald K.
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses Shepard’s role as chair of the Negro Republican Party in the state of North Carolina. Such a position for an African American college president during this time could have easily been the death blow to either his career or his school. However, for Shepard this move appeared to create more allies from within both the black and white communities. While serving as chair of the Negro Republican Party, Shepard maintained alliances and friendships with liberal white southerners who were now turning to the Democratic Party for leadership. This phenomenon is best illustrated in his relationship with Frank Porter Graham (president of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Democratic Senator from North Carolina).
Epilogue
Authors: Ellis Reginald K.
Published: May 2018

The epilogue reveals the importance of placing African American black college presidents in an historical context. I re-emphasize the role of a black college president as more than an administrator of an institution but a race leader to his community. I also explain the creation of “moderation” in North Carolina and how Shepard help create this approach to the race issue prior to the legal battles surrounding school integration during the 1950s. Finally, I examine how Shepard’s legacy at North Carolina Central University has lasted well into the twenty-first century. This lasting impact is seen in the theory of the “Central Way” of doing things at the school today. This approach is largely based on the foundation of “moral education” that Shepard created in the early to mid-twentieth century.
True Colors
Authors: Strakhov Elizaveta
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines Guillaume de Machaut’s and Geoffrey Chaucer’s association of the color blue with fidelity and green with infidelity, a color scheme that derives from contemporary heraldry. The mid- to late fourteenth century witnessed a marked surge in the number of people commissioning coats of arms; this phenomenon lead to a number of high-profile lawsuits over cases of mistaken and fraudulent armigerous identity. Chaucer himself was a witness in one of these, Scrope v. Grosvenor (1385–1391). Machaut’s and Chaucer’s use of this metaphor is read through these lawsuits to show that the two poets use heraldic color to explore issues surrounding legal identity and social reputation in their texts. Delving into the historical relationship between heraldic law and intellectual property law, the chapter further shows that both poets use these colors to figure concerns over their authorial reputations and intellectual property.
African Influence on Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Cemeteries
Authors: Turner Grace
Published: May 2018

DuBois described double consciousness as “two worlds within and without the Veil.” African-descended people had three options: 1) maintain an African-derived lifestyle separate from the larger, European-based society; 2) move between these two “worlds”; 3) function solely within the “world” of the dominant, European-based society. The Northern Burial Ground site was heavily disturbed in the mid-twentieth century so the focus was not on analyzing skeletal remains. Instead, the focus was on the cultural landscape created in this cemetery space. Any changes in cultural practices over time were interpreted as reflecting some change in worldview for the community using this cemetery. Archaeological investigations often do not include such cultural components as archaeologists may be unaware of these cultural features in an African-influenced cemetery space. The cultural landscape features noted were a location near water; placing personal items on graves; a planting at the head of graves; and evidence of food offerings. Comparative information for this site came from a late eighteenth-century black cemetery west of Nassau; nineteenth- and twentieth-century cemeteries on Crooked Island and San Salvador Island, also in the Bahamas; and cases of black cemeteries in the Caribbean and the United States.
Harney Flats
Authors: Daniel Jr. I. Randolph , Wisenbaker Michael
Published: May 2018

This book presents the results of archaeological excavations conducted at Harney Flats, one of the archaeological sites found as part of the I-75 Highway Salvage Program, administered by the Florida Division of Historical Resources and funded by the Florida Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. The interstate right-of-way traversed a portion of Harney Flats, a large inland basin near Tampa Bay. Excavations there spanned several months during1981 and 1982 uncovering a Paleoindian/Early Archaic component characterized by Suwannee and Bolen points. Fieldwork focused on opening large contiguous areas while mapping diagnostic artifacts in situ. Two significant outcomes resulted suggesting Paleoindian adaptations in Florida were different than elsewhere in the East. First, excavations recovered the largest Paleoindian/Early Archaic stone tool assemblage in Florida, and one of the largest in the Southeast. A technological organization approach was utilized in the lithic analysis allowing archaeologists to understand the role of the lithic assemblage from a settlement system perspective. Second, the large block excavations provided a unique opportunity to study internal site structure. Intrasite patterning in the form of several relatively discrete artifact clusters, as identified in northern Paleoindian sites and interpreted as the remains of one or more family living areas, were absent at Harney Flats. Instead, broad-scale patterning was identified, including a large living area separated from special activity areas. Another contrast with northern Paleoindian sites is the absent of “exotic” cherts suggesting group mobility was less extensive than northern groups. Harney Flats will remain a benchmark in Southeastern Paleoindian studies.
Research Background
Authors: Daniel I. Randolph , Wisenbaker Michael
Published: May 2018

The I-75 Highway Salvage Program, administered by the Florida Division of Historical Resources (DHR) and funded by the Florida Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, facilitated DHR’s Bureau of Archaeological Research in the early to mid-1980s to locate and evaluate 31 archaeological sites in the proposed corridor of Interstate 75. Thirteen of these 31 sites were selected for Phase II testing, with 4 of the 13 (including Harney Flats) deemed significant enough to warrant Phase III mitigative salvage excavations. While most of these sites primarily contained Middle Archaic components, Harney Flats also contained in situ evidence of much earlier Early Archaic and Paleoindian peoples. The most dramatic environmental effect on the Harney Flats area was the Tampa Bypass Canal. If not for the construction of this canal, which lowered the potentiometric water table in the area, much of the Paleoindian component at Harney Flats would have been inaccessible.
Unsettled Being
Authors: Pettman Dominic
Published: May 2018

A discussion of Ovid’s seminal work, which proposes a far more fluid ontology concerning species-being than we have today, and thus helps us see creaturely love far more clearly.
Nymphomania and Faunication
Authors: Pettman Dominic
Published: May 2018

A discussion of Agamben’s notion of the nymph as a figure between the human and the animal (and thus helping to reveal important aspects of both).
Epilogue
Authors: Pettman Dominic
Published: May 2018

A retelling of the poignant true story of Tesla’s great passion for a white pigeon in New York City.
The “Red Classic” That Never Was
Authors: Yang Lianfen
Published: May 2018

Hinterland (Fudi), written between 1943 and 1944 by Wang Lin, was the first novel to depict the resistance of the Chinese Communist Party against the Japanese invasion. The first edition of this novel came out in 1950, but was soon banned after being criticized for violating Mao Zedong’s 1942 “Talks at the Yan’an Forum”. The second edition, which went through a thirty-year revision by the author and was published in 1985, received only a lukewarm reception from the post-Mao-era readership, precisely because of its author’s faithful response to Mao’s “Yan’an Talks” and the embodiment of the principle of “three prominences” in the novel. Through a comparative study of the two editions of Hinterland, this chapter investigates the difficult process -- and paradoxical nature -- of the creation of a “Red Classic” work. It demonstrates how in socialist China, literary criticism discursively framed by “historical materialism”, exercised political power within revolutionary “dialectic” logics as well as demonstrating a genuine capacity to shape the mindset of a writer.
How to Tell a Story of Imprisonment
Authors: Li Li
Published: May 2018

Red Crag, published at the end of 1961 under the names of Luo Guangbin (Luo Kuang-pin) and Yang Yiyan (Yang Yi-yen), initially aimed at depicting the painful experiences of its authors and other victims incarcerated and tortured at the Sino-American Cooperative Organization in Chongqing toward the end of the war between the Communist Party and the Nationalists, but was eventually transformed into a prototypical “red classic.” Through analysis of the editorial changes in different versions, this chapter demonstrates the methodology and mechanics of the production of the “red classics,” in the selection of data and narrative point of view that accord with “historical truth” juxtaposed with the CCP’s political agenda of the time, as well as the management of the text exercised by various cultural organs of the party.
Introduction
Authors: Donnelley Strachan
Published: May 2018

This book is written with the knowledge that serious cancer will foreshorten the author’s life. It is an expression of a life of exploring ideas and nature. And it is an affirmation of the essential unity of human beings and a natural order that is valuable and good. Following Alfred North Whitehead, this order can be called “nature alive.” The author has been shaped by an impulse to explore the life of the mind and the recognition of his own fundamental ignorance. The writing and contents of the book are shaped by two themes. One, “living waters,” centres on the direct experience with the nonhuman world, particularly fly-fishing, and is a metaphor for the fact that the natural world is fluid and dynamic, not completed and static. The second theme is “magic mountains,” which refers to the influence that important philosophical thinkers have had on the author’s thinking and self-identity. Each chapter in the book is designed to reveal the development of this tradition of questions and ideas and to invite readers to carry that dialogue further in their own lives and minds.
Scientists’ Public Responsibilities
Authors: Donnelley Strachan
Published: May 2018

Developing the theme of the preceding chapter on the need for greater ecological literacy in American society, this chapter discusses the difficulty that scientists and other technical experts have in fulfilling their ethical responsibilities as civic educators in a democratic society. Ecological issues are truly complex, but actual scientific uncertainty and disagreement are grossly distorted and magnified for commercial or ideological ends. The result is a mistaken public perception. Only scientists themselves can correct this serious distortion.
Nature’s Wildness
Authors: Donnelley Strachan
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, reflections growing out of trout fishing during the mayfly hatch in northern Wisconsin, salmon fishing in Newfoundland, and duck hunting in South Carolina focus on the meaning and nature of wildness and the interconnection of living things. Directly engaging with other forms of life, instead of treating them as detached objects of study, has a transforming effect on human understanding of our own embodied nature. Wildness is not an abstraction to be defined. It is inherent in the beauty, goodness, and concreteness of the world.
Wild Turkeys and Old Gobblers
Authors: Donnelley Strachan
Published: May 2018

This chapter tells the story of a wild turkey hunt that did not go as planned, during a time when the author was staying at his family home in South Carolina on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday. A mature male turkey is shot and wounded, and the ethics of hunting require that the animal be followed and killed as humanely as possible. The pursuit turns into a gruelling ordeal, in a bramble patch and a water-filled ditch, for both the bird and the human. What is revealed about humans and nature in this pursuit? Characteristically, no clear answer is forthcoming. Some connection is made: a dance that ended in death for the turkey became a part of the man’s learning.
Big Little Snake
Authors: Donnelley Strachan
Published: May 2018

This chapter poses a complicated philosophic question: Are ecosystems complex, natural wholes that involve interdependent, dynamically interrelated, and interactive parts, or are they abstract conceptions in the human mind, lacking in any independent natural reality? This question is difficult since human beings are creatures with one foot in natural reality and another foot in metaphorical thought. The answer given comes in the form of a story of trout fishing on the Little Snake River and an encounter with a large trout, a wise old survivor that the author calls Big Little Snake. The encounter with Big Little Snake was concrete when it happened, but later in memory and reflection it has become a metaphor for a rich and abundant nature. The unanswerable question becomes a practical insight. Human beings need nature and our fellow living creatures for the metaphoric opportunities that they afford. To impoverish the biological diversity of the natural world is to impoverish our own humanity as well.
Hunting Hennepin’s Windblown Bottom
Authors: Donnelley Strachan
Published: May 2018

Periodic duck-hunting trips were a staple of the Donnelley family when the author was growing up near Hennepin, Illinois. A detailed reminiscence of that experience in this chapter provides the gateway to a meditation on the question of why human beings find it so difficult to see themselves as members of a biotic community and to follow Aldo Leopold’s land ethic of respect and care for that community. The author concludes that in duck hunting as a boy he encountered deep-time, well-honed predator instincts, interests, and satisfactions. He was engaged in predator-prey relations that psychologically and behaviorally bound him to natural landscapes. As a result, for the rest of his life he has recognized his “aboriginal” membership in historically deep, biotic communities.
Francis of Mepkin
Authors: Donnelley Strachan
Published: May 2018

This postlude contains remarks that were delivered at the memorial service for Father Francis Kline, at Mepkin Abbey, South Carolina, on September 1, 2006. Fr. Klein did not argue for cultural and natural conservation in terms of economic expediency, for example, ecosystem services, or biological and ecosystemic necessity, as important as these might be. The conservation of nature and human cultural communities are matters of ultimate concern both for ourselves and for the natural communities and landscapes within which we live. To dwell solely in, and be solely concerned for, God, Nature, or Humanity is to lead a humanly deficient life. Only where the three realms of existence interweave and interfuse can we live a full, humanly rich life
Editors’ Afterword
Authors: Donnelley Strachan
Published: May 2018

Strachan Donnelley was working to complete this book at the time of his death in 2008. The manuscript that he left in our care was composed of several essays that had been published in scattered journals and book chapters and of many new essays, previously unpublished, that he had written during a remarkably productive period in the last five years of his life. It fell to us to put the finishing editorial touches on this work and to group the chapters in an order of presentation that we hoped would weave together the two genres at which he excelled—the personal, observational storytelling of an outdoorsman whose copy of ...
Irvin S. Cobb
Authors: Ellis William E.
Published: May 2018

Born and raised in Paducah, Kentucky, Irvin S. Cobb rose from his humble beginnings to national renown as one of America’s most celebrated writers during the early twentieth century. Shortly after leaving Kentucky for New York, Cobb earned a job at Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World and became one of the highest paid staff reporters in the United States. Soon he was writing articles and short stories for magazines as well. Today, Cobb is remembered best for his sharp wit expressed through his fiction. As a product of Reconstruction and the Jim Crow South, Cobb’s subtle racism has largely denied him prominence in American memory, but his work provides a unique insight into the prevailing mind-set of his time. In Irvin S. Cobb: The Rise and Fall of an American Humorist, historian William E. Ellis examines the life of this significant writer, contextualizing his humor within the “Lost Cause” narrative. The son of a Confederate soldier and nephew of a famous Confederate artillery officer, Cobb was ensnared by southernracism, often bemoaning the North’s treatment of the South and creating stereotypical African American characters in his work. Even though he left Kentucky for the financially greener pastures of New York, Cobb never forgot his southern roots. His native Paducah molded him into a great storyteller, an engaging humorist, anobservant reporter, and a racist. Despite his flaws, Cobb’s vivid and humorous portrayals of Kentucky won him fame, wealth, and influence for decades.
James Still
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

James Still was a twentieth century American writer of poetry, stories, children’s literature, and folklore. His most enduring work was the 1940 novel River of Earth. This literary biography tells the story of Still’s life, which was simultaneously simple and complex, solitary and public, transparent and mysterious. Though born in Alabama, educated in Tennessee, and widely traveled in the world, Still and his writing are inseparably associated with the hills of eastern Kentucky: specifically, Hindman Settlement School and his log house on Dead Mare Branch.
The biography explores how the place shaped him and his writing, and how this “man of the bushes” became a public figure, a cultural legend that influenced the rise of Appalachian literature. During his last twenty years, many people came to know a charismatic James Still, but few were allowed into his private world. This story of that world explores how his life experiences connected to his creativity. Being of his hills provided James Still an identity and anchor. His life story should help move his work beyond the hills to the wider audience it deserves.
Research for the project relied largely on letters and documents in archival collections at University of Kentucky and Morehead State University. Conversations with Still before his death are supplemented with 75 interviews of friends, family, and colleagues.
A Place to Begin
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

James Still was born July 16, 1906, in Chambers County, Alabama. This chapter provides background on his parents, J. Alex Still and Lonie Lindsey, and a brief discussion of the family genealogy. His early childhood was typical of large farming families at the beginning of the twentieth century in the rural South. The family moved from place to place within the county. While working with his sisters in the field, the boy learned the value of storytelling..
A Practical Degree
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

This chapter describes the third and last step in his higher education. Guy Loomis funded Still and Dare Redmond to earn a BS degree in library science from the University of Illinois in Champaign. His first semester was rough because his mother, whose health had been declining, died of cancer in early October. That was the biggest challenge of his months in Illinois because the courses were not demanding. His ultimate goal for this degree was to get a job.
“19-Dirty-one”
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

This chapter tells how completing his third degree meant searching for work without success. Returning to Alabama to live was not an option so he stayed with Iris and Frank Grannis first in Tryon, North Carolina, then in Clarksville, Tennessee. He stayed in touch with Loomis and Redmond as the young men searched for jobs. The Depression made his life hard, but he was better off than many because he had friends he could count on.
Hindman Becomes a Haven
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

Hindman offered Still a place to stay, food to eat, and work to do; plus he liked it more than any place he had ever lived. This chapter provides an overview of Hindman Settlement School in the 1930s and describes Still’s library work there as well as his summer 1935 work with the New Deal’s Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) program in Knott County. He established a friendship with Jethro Amburgey and began submitting poems for publication.
Beyond the Hills, 1935–1940
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

By 1935, Still had established a place for himself in Knott County, Kentucky. This chapter tells of his travels beyond the county to attend writers workshops in North Carolina (Blowing Rock), Vermont (Breadloaf), New Hampshire (MacDowell), and New York (Yaddo). His experiences connected him with a world of writers. Key figures who became friends and supporters were Edwin Grover, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Robert Francis, Joy Davidman, Elizabeth Madox Roberts, Delmore Schwartz, Katherine Ann Porter and a couple closer to home James Stokely and Wilma Dykeman.
Making Friends and Keeping Them
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores three of Still’s long-time friendships. The first is with fellow writer Jesse Stuart and is best described as uneven but enduring. The second is with Dean Cadle who for a time was Still’s promoter, bibliographer, and literary critic. That friendship unraveled. The third is with Albert Stewart who lived in Knott County. Their relationship was positive in the 1950s and 60s but mysteriously turned negative when Still returned to Hindman from Morehead in 1970.
At Home in This World
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses the last decade of Still’s life during which he published five books, including The Wolfpen Notebooks; River of Earth celebrated its 50th anniversary; and Still was named Poet Laureate of Kentucky. He made an important new connection in Ted Olson who later would collect and edit his poems and stories. He strengthened friendships with writers Wendell Berry and Lee Smith, and influenced a range of younger writers including among others: George Ella Lyon, Chris Offutt, Maurice Manning, Crystal Wilkinson, and Silas House.
Invitation to the Eternal
Authors: Boggess Carol
Published: May 2018

This final chapter explores the personal daily life of James Still in his last years. As he entered his nineties, Still withdrew from the public life that he had known and enjoyed in the 1970s and 80s. He lived on Settlement School property where he was cared for by friends and staff members. He enjoyed the hospitality and attention of Mike and Frieda Mullins, Bill and Lois Weinberg, Molly and Vernon Bundy. He created an official bond of closeness with Teresa Perry Bradley (Teresa Reynolds) and her family when he adopted her in 1998. At the end of April 2001, James Still died quietly at the hospital in Hazard, Kentucky.
Prologue
Authors: Snyder Sherri
Published: May 2018

Providing an overview of the tumultuous life and stellar accomplishments of silent screen star Barbara La Marr, the Prologue begins with her emergence into newspaper headlines as notorious, teenaged Reatha Watson—-reported kidnapped at sixteen, banished from Los Angeles by juvenile authorities for being “too beautiful” at seventeen, and soon barred by film studios from working as an actress for her scandalous activities—-and ends with her death at twenty-nine. Barbara’s impressive careers as a dancer, in vaudeville, and as a screenwriter are touched upon. Her tremendous impact as a reigning silent screen actress is then spotlighted: how her volatile sex appeal, glamour, talent, meteoric film career, and predilection to live life on her own terms bewitched her peers and the world whilst her explosive private life continued playing out in gossip columns and newspaper headlines.
Twenty-One
Authors: Snyder Sherri
Published: May 2018

As the chapter opens, Barbara’s career again takes central focus. Arthur Sawyer’s strategy for handling her career, his determination to capitalize upon her ability to embody vamps, and his procurement of several beneficial film contracts for her are detailed. Included among these contracts are roles in The Eternal Struggle (1923),Strangers of the Night (1923), The Brass Bottle (1923), and St. Elmo (1923); plot synopses and information pertaining to production and critical commentary are provided for each film. Additionally, a significant portion of the chapter centers on Barbara’s home life and Sonny. Featured in this section are Barbara’s formal introduction of her son to the public, further public reaction to Barbara as a mother, Barbara’s parenting practices, and her inner conflict with having to live a lie in order to avoid losing her career to scandal for raising Sonny as an unwed mother.
Of Paramount Importance
Authors: Ellenberger Allan R.
Published: May 2018

Miriam is cast in the hit play Lysistrata, and Paramount producer Walter Wanger offers her a contract. Her first picture is Fast and Loose, but she doubts that films are for her. Actress Nancy Carroll teaches her how to work before the camera. Going into rehearsals for Lee Shubert’s His Majesty’s Car, she has a breakdown. Hopkins’s grandmother dies during rehearsals for Anatol, but she cannot attend the funeral in Georgia, infuriating her mother. Hopkins is making good money and brings her mother to New York. Paramount signs her to do The Smiling Lieutenant for Ernst Lubitsch. Her husband’s screenplay, Honor Among Lovers, attracts RKO and he is offered a Hollywood contract. The couple’s lack of commitment creates a strain and they separate before Billy leaves for California. The Smiling Lieutenant is a hit for Hopkins. Paramount closes the Astoria Studios, and she will make her next film in Hollywood. The evening before she leaves, Bennett Cerf gives her a wild going away party.
Goldwyn
Authors: Ellenberger Allan R.
Published: May 2018

There are many disagreements with costar Edward G. Robinson on the set of Barbary Coast, her first picture for Sam Goldwyn. Hopkins makes These Three, the first of four films with the director William Wyler, and it is a critical success. She receives a Best Actress Academy Award nomination for Becky Sharp but is beaten out by Bette Davis. Hopkins sails to Europe, where she witnesses the militarization of the Continent, while making a film in England for producer, Alexander Korda.
“They Are Sure Reds”
Authors: Ellenberger Allan R.
Published: May 2018

For thirteen years, Hopkins has been investigated by the FBI. Based on her 100-page file, her life as a possible Communist sympathizer is examined. She is grey listed and doesn’t work in films for a decade. Hopkins divorces Ray Brock and appears in various plays and early television shows. Michael joins the Air Force and in the process learns about his adoption—something that his mother failed to share with him. She options the play A Night at Madame Tussaud’s and costars with Peter Lorre. Hopkins tries to bring the play to Broadway but is unsuccessful. She goes from one play to another with mixed success. Michael is stationed in Morocco and marries a French girl, Christiane Carreno. When her father dies of a heart attack, Hopkins is at his bedside. Michael and Chris have a son, Tom, but Hopkins asks that they baptize him in the States. They do as she asks, but she does not show up, causing resentment.
Sarajevo
Authors: Pardew James W.
Published: May 2018

The team visits a sad, wounded Sarajevo. Holbrooke rages at the UN military commander, then turns on the Bosnian Muslim leadership to pressure them to sign the ceasefire. Secretary of Defense Perry informs the troubled Europeans partners of the US intent to arm the Bosnian Muslims in the future. Perry then negotiates Russian participation in a future NATO security force in Bosnia—a historic level of NATO-Russian cooperation unthinkable only a few years earlier.