bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral cyclodialysis cleft following fire cracker injury managed by combined exocyclopexy and silicone oil endotamponade - An interesting case report
Authors: Senthilkumar Vijayalakshmi A , Shreya Thandra S , Kannan Naresh B , Rajendrababu Sharmila , Mishra Chitaranjan , Arthur Dhipak
Published: January 2022

Cyclodialysis creates a direct communication between the anterior chamber and suprachoroidal space leading to ocular hypotony probably caused by an increased uveoscleral outflow and hyposecretion of the ciliary body. The sequelae of cyclodialysis include chronic ocular hypotony, anterior chamber shallowing, cataract, choroidal effusions, retinal and choroidal folds, hypotonus maculopathy, and ultimately loss of vision. Cyclodialysis clefts are a relatively rare condition usually caused by severe ocular trauma, and hence, the surgical repair techniques in the literature are limited. We present a case of post-traumatic bilateral cyclodialysis cleft with a successful outcome following combined exocyclopexy and silicone oil endotamponade.
A new ophthalmological application of Nd
Authors: Coskunseven Efekan , Kayhan Belma
Published: January 2022

This report presents a new application of Nd:YAG laser for reopening the occluded central hole of Visian implantable collamer lens (EVO Visian ICL). A 23-year-old female underwent EVO Visian ICL implantation in the left eye. After 6 hours postoperatively, the patient presented with an increase in pain and intraocular pressure (IOP) despite antiglaucomatous medication. Acute angle-closure glaucoma with anterior chamber shallowing and deposition of fibrinoid material within the central hole of ICL was diagnosed. Fibrin deposits blocking the central hole were disrupted with Nd:YAG laser. With restoration of aqueous flow, IOP decreased to normal levels without any additional medication.
An unusual case of Candida parapsilosis causing infectious crystalline keratopathy in Steven–Johnson syndrome
Authors: Mishra Pratima , Mishra Sanjay K , Sati Alok , Kumar Sonali V , Kumar Pradeep , Chauhan Ravi
Published: January 2022

A 41-year-old female, a known case of Steven–Johnson syndrome (SJS) with ocular involvement, had a pthisical right eye (RE) and a history of mucous membrane grafting (MMG) in the left eye. Two weeks post-MMG, the patient developed a pearly white crystalline anterior stromal infiltrate suggestive of infectious crystalline keratopathy (ICK). The Gram stain showed gram-positive, round-to-oval budding cells and the culture on sheep blood agar showed smooth white yeast colonies. VITEK 2 compact automated microbiology system-enabled species-level identification was Candida parapsilosis in addition to the antifungal sensitivity. Based on the sensitivity report, the patient responded well to oral fluconazole and topical voriconazole with corneal scar formation. Clinical and microbiological evaluations of ICK in an unusual setting like SJS is prudent for a successful outcome.
A rare case of nontraumatic bilateral carotid cavernous fistula Barrow type D – A case report
Authors: Shah Labdhi , Shanmugam Maheshkumar , Shah Harshit , Kowsalya Akkayasamy , Narayanamoorthy Jayasri K
Published: January 2022

Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between the cavernous sinus and the normal carotid arterial system. We are presenting a very rare case of spontaneous nontraumatic bilateral Barrow type D CCF. A 41-year-old patient presented to our tertiary eye care center with a history of long-standing bilateral congested eyes. On imaging, the patient was diagnosed with spontaneous bilateral Barrow type D CCF. The patient improved significantly by treatment with carotid decompression exercises. It is recommended to consider the diagnosis of bilateral CCFs as a differential diagnosis in patients with long-standing history of congested eyes nonresponsive to conventional topical treatment.
Late-onset spontaneous Descemet's membrane detachment in penetrating keratoplasty - A case report
Authors: Rajaraman Revathi , Vijayaraghavan Prabhu , Nair Arjun Velayudhan
Published: January 2022

We present a case of acute graft edema due to late-onset Descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) in a penetrating keratoplasty done two decades ago for keratoconus. A 48-year-old male presented with defective vision and redness in the right eye. The absence of the anterior chamber (AC) inflammation, keratitic precipitates, and the presence of glistening reflex in the AC, with a double contour along the inferotemporal graft host junction, suggested an acute hydrops in the graft. An anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) confirmed DMD with the absence of an obvious tear. In the region of the double contour, a lamellar flap/fold of DM beyond the graft host junction (GHJ) but within the detachment and stroma was noted. Descemetopexy with intracameral sulfur hexafluoride gas and compression sutures along the region of the double contour restored graft clarity and vision. A DMD should be considered as a possible cause of acute edema and can be often misdiagnosed as graft rejection.
Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia developing as a manifestation of dengue fever and treatment by modified Nishida procedure
Authors: Pawar Neelam , Ravindran Meenakshi , Padmavathy S , Chakrabarty Sabyasachi , Gandhi Anurag
Published: January 2022

Typical causes of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) include demyelinating conditions, with inflammation, infection, and trauma being less common causes. Diplopia associated with INO severely impacts the patient's quality of life. Orthoptic treatment usually fails; therefore, appropriate surgical treatment should be considered. We report the unique case of a 25-year man with bilateral INO developing as a manifestation of dengue fever-related encephalitis and its successful treatment by modified Nishida procedure.
Scleral-fixated intraocular lens opacification
Authors: Salvá-Palomeque Teresa , Contreras Inés , Ruiz-Casas Diego
Published: January 2022

Carlevale IOL is a hydrophilic acrylic single-piece lens specifically designed for intrascleral sutureless fixation. IOL opacification has not been reported for this lens, although there are no studies with long follow-up periods yet. We describe herein two cases of Carlevale IOL opacification six and ten months after surgery. Neither of the two patients had inherent risk factors for opacification, except for vitrectomy surgery in both and air tamponade in case 2. It is necessary for surgeons to report these cases in order to identify if opacification is a significant complication for this IOL.
Non-Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty in an adolescent with aphakia and glaucoma drainage device
Authors: Chung Seung A , Meghpara Beeran , Price Jade M , Levin Alex V
Published: January 2022

We describe the case of a 14-year-old patient with secondary endothelial failure that was treated with non-Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (nDSEK). To our knowledge, this is the first report on nDSEK in the setting of aphakia and a glaucoma drainage device in a child.
Bilateral multifocal congenital simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Mohan Roshni , Yadav Divya , Behera Sourabh P
Published: January 2022

Congenital simple hamartomas of the RPE are benign, solitary, stationary, well-demarcated lesions seen in the retina. They are usually characterized by their pigmentation, superficial or deep involvement of the retinal layers and abrupt margins, and convex tenting of the surface. They have been recently studied extensively using SD-OCT and OCT-angiography. We have described a case of bilateral multiple congenital simple hamartomas of the RPE and their imaging characteristics.
Severe effects of accidental orbital trauma by a less venomous fish Siganus rivulatus
Authors: Ilhan Hatice D , Cagatay Tülay , Ayaz Yusuf , Ünal Mustafa
Published: January 2022

A 51-year-old male was injured by the fish, Siganus rivulatus, while swimming in the Mediterranean waters of Antalya, Turkey. The injury was caused when a spine of the fish's dorsal fin penetrated in the left lower eyelid superior to the inferior orbital rim, causing his left eye to experience sudden vision loss, total medial gaze restriction, and pupil dilation. A foreign body detected on orbital computed tomography was extracted with orbitotomy. The patient received methylprednisolone and antibiotic for 7 days, then medication was tapered. Final visual acuity reached 20/32 in the left eye, but pupil dilation did not improve. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of orbital trauma secondary to a Siganus rivulatus strike. In this report, we describe the treatment that the patient underwent for this injury and his subsequent recovery.
Clinical profile of infectious crystalline keratopathy – Case series with varied risk factors and etiology
Authors: Khanna Vaibhav , Chhabra Kanika , Christy Josephine S
Published: January 2022

This case series of six patients with infectious crystalline keratopathy (ICK) aims to highlight the varying risk factors, clinical presentation, and its outcome. We also report a post DALK (deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty) and post corneal tattooing infection uniquely presenting as ICK. The most common etiological organism (four out of six) was the Streptococcus species. Two other rare organisms identified were Burkholderia cepacia and Candida albicans. Five out of six patients healed with medical treatment with an overall average duration of 7 weeks (2–14 weeks), and only one patient required therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty.
Non-neoplastic autoimmune retinopathy - A rare disorder in unusual age group
Authors: Gowda Srinivas , Khan Mansur A , Maheshwari Anjali , Mohan S
Published: January 2022

Nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy (npAIR) is a subtype in the spectrum of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) disorders. Diagnosis is a challenging task due to its rare incidence, lack of epidemiological data, no accepted standardized diagnostic criteria, nonavailability of testing facilities, and economic factors. As per available data, npAIR is more common (60%) in females above 50 years, but in our case, it presented in a relatively young lady of 32 years. We report a rare disorder with diagnostic challenges presenting in an unusual age group.
Bilateral posterior subcapsular lens deposits associated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a 6-year-old child
Authors: Maamouri Rym , Boussetta Abir , Meriem Ouederni , Hela Sassi
Published: January 2022

A 6-year-old girl with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) was referred for a systematic ophthalmological examination. Her visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes, and detailed slit examination showed bilateral posterior subcapsular lens deposits. She was treated with corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. Ophthalmological examination 10 months later showed a significant decrease of the lens deposits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reporting lens deposits in MPGN. It warns us to perform a detailed examination of the anterior segment and correct management of the pathology in order to be able to reduce these deposits.
Management of macular hole secondary to presumed chronic solar phototoxicity from sun-gazing
Authors: Shukla Dhananjay
Published: January 2022

A 70-year-old man presented with gradual visual decline in both eyes; the vision had become worse in the right eye recently. On fundus examination, the right eye was found to have a large macular hole; the left eye was unremarkable. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/100 in the right eye and 20/63 in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography confirmed the macular hole in the right eye and revealed an unsuspected foveal atrophy with interruption of outer retinal bands in the left eye, suggestive of macular phototoxicity. Based on this evaluation, leading questions were asked, whereupon he admitted to a long-time morning ritual of sun-gazing. After vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling in the right eye, the macular hole closed, and the best-corrected visual acuity improved to 20/40. A full-thickness macular hole presumably secondary to sun-gazing was successfully treated with significant visual improvement.
Conjunctival oculosporidiosis-associated ciliary staphyloma, managed with scleral patch graft using box sutures
Authors: Bhargava Mona , Johri Aditi , Ghosh Aditi D. , Paul Raj S , Gupta Rishi , Biswas Jyotirmay
Published: January 2022

To report four cases of oculosporidiosis associated with scleral thinning and staphyloma formation, including recurrent bulbar conjunctival oculosporidiosis, retrospective reviews of case records of four patients with bulbar conjunctival oculosporidiosis were undertaken. All cases were managed with excision of growth followed by diathermy and scleral patch graft. Box sutures were used for securing the graft in place, followed by oral dapsone therapy. This case series describes successful management of oculosporidiosis and associated scleral ectasia even in a recurrent case. It also highlights the utility of box sutures for securing scleral patch grafts.
A rare association of dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria and bilateral corneal ulcer
Authors: Singh Mamta , Sinha Bibhuti P , Kumar Bhaskar
Published: January 2022

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) is a rare entity in the Indian subcontinent presenting with generalized pigmented macule all over the body. We report a case of a 13-year-old patient of DUH with bilateral gradual progressive diminution of vision and increasing white opacity for the past 5 years. The patient presented with a bilateral central corneal ulcer. The microbiological report of the corneal scraping sample was negative. The ulcer responded to topical gatifloxacin eye drop, and the epithelial defect healed with excessive brown pigmentation in both eyes. Whether this bilateral keratopathy and healing with pigmentation are a part of the spectrum of DUH or not needs to be evaluated further.
Mucor keratitis versus Pythium keratitis
Authors: Vishwakarma Pratima , Bagga Bhupesh , Sharma Savitri
Published: January 2022

In the pre-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) times, a 68-year-old male presented with complaints of decreased vision and whitish discoloration of the right eye. On slit-lamp examination, there was a whitish infiltrate with fuzzy margins measuring 7 mm × 6.5 mm along with <1 mm hypopyon. On microbiological examination of the corneal scraping, KOH (potassium hydroxide) + CFW (calcofluor white stain) mount revealed aseptate, broad, fungal filaments that were initially interpreted as Pythium species, but the growth on the culture was of Mucor species. The patient was managed with antifungal medications. On further follow-up, a complete resolution of the keratitis was achieved. This case highlights the importance of smear and culture correlation in such cases where the filaments of Mucor species closely mimick that of the Pythium species on microscopic examination of corneal scraping.
Trichilemmal cyst of eyelid
Authors: Bejjanki Kavya M , Mishra Dilip K , Kapoor Anasua G
Published: January 2022

Trichilemmal cyst is a rare benign tumor of the skin, with distinct keratinisation and a predilection for the scalp. In the eyelid, these benign hair follicle lesions clinically mimic chalazion and recurrences occur with incomplete removal of cyst wall. To the best of authors' knowledge, only 7 cases of eyelid trichilemmal cysts have been described in English literature. Herein, we report a case of a 56-year-old lady with a nodule on the upper eyelid, with typical clinical features and characteristic histopathological findings aiding the diagnosis of trichilemmal cyst. Complete resection was performed to prevent recurrence. The authors also reviewed the cases of eyelid trichilemmal cyst reported in literature to highlight the demography, clinical features, and management of this rare eyelid tumor.
Primary tubes in siblings of a South Indian family with total aniridia and glaucoma
Authors: Senthilkumar Vijayalakshmi A , Shreya Thandra S , Rajendrababu Sharmila , Krishnadas R
Published: January 2022

Aniridia is an uncommon hereditary bilateral panocular disorder affecting not only the iris but also the cornea, anterior chamber angle, lens, retina, and optic nerve with associated life-threatening conditions. Glaucoma is associated with aniridia in around 50% of the cases and usually develops in the first two decades of life. The treatment of glaucoma is challenging and often needs surgical intervention to achieve adequate intraocular pressure (IOP) control in cases refractory to medical treatment. Here, we report the familial nature of aniridia with secondary glaucoma and discuss the challenges in the management with a comprehensive review of the literature. The elder one, a 16-year-old girl presented with absolute glaucoma in the right eye and high IOP with advanced disk damage in the left eye for which she underwent a non-valved glaucoma drainage implantation. The younger one, a 12-year-old boy presented with a high IOP of more than 40 mmHg in both eyes (OU) for which he underwent sequential glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) implantation in OU. The intermediate-term outcomes in both of them showed a well-placed Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI) tube with adequately controlled IOP.
Management of microspherophakia and angle-closure glaucoma in Goldenhar syndrome
Authors: Senthilkumar Vijayalakshmi A. , Pradhan Chinmayee , Rajendrababu Sharmila , Mishra Chitaranjan , Kannan Naresh B.
Published: January 2022

Goldenhar syndrome is a congenital craniofacial syndrome, and the classical triad includes epibulbar dermoid, preauricular skin tags, and vertebral anomalies. The association between glaucoma and Goldenhar syndrome has been sparsely reported in literature as case reports. We describe a rare presentation of bilateral microspherophakia and secondary angle-closure glaucoma in a 29-year-young male with Goldenhar syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing the association between microspherophakia and Goldenhar syndrome.
Simplified Art of Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty
Authors: Das Debasish , Acharya Debasis , Das Tutan , Pramanik Subhas
Published: January 2022

We present a case of successful balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) in a 37-year-old female with severe valvular pulmonary stenosis with peak gradient of 82 mmHg with history of exertional presyncope. The crux of our case was that patient also had associated mild supravalvular pulmonary stenosis which did not preclude a successful BPV outcome. The patient had rare Bombay negative blood group, and the requisite units were not available across all the blood banks in the state to subject the patient for surgical correction. Although the art of BPV is dying among budding young interventionists, this simple procedure is as good as surgical pulmonary valvotomy so far as the immediate and late outcome is concerned and the presence of mild supravalvular pulmonary stenosis does not preclude a successful outcome. Our case is a unique illustration of feasibility of successful balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in the presence of associated mild supravalvular stenosis.
Aspergillus Endophthalmitis in a Large B-cell Lymphoma Patient
Authors: Mousavi-Fatemi Khatereh , Adib Nazanin Ebrahimi , Khosravi Sahar , Dehdashti Mohsen , Biglari Mohammad
Published: January 2022

To highlight the graveness of invasive Aspergillus infections that could end in serious complications in immunocompromised patients, we are going to report a rare case of bilateral Aspergillus endophthalmitis in a lymphoma patient. We present a case in an academic referring hospital. The patient was an immunocompromised patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma complicated with vision loss due to Aspergillus infection diagnosed with B-mode ultrasound and culture and followed by treatment with vitrectomy and intravitreous amphotericin. The patient was followed for 9 months, culminating in visual acuity of 4/100 and 1/100 in her left and right eye, respectively. Despite appropriate diagnosis and treatment, invasive Aspergillus infection may still have a poor prognosis.
Platelet Function in Overt Hypothyroidism
Authors: Al-Ghumlas Abeer Khalid , Ekhzaimy Aishah Ali , Mohammad Abdel Gader Abdel Galil
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

Hypothyroidism is associated with a shift of the hemostatic system to a hypocoagulable state and inhibited platelet function. However, previous studies did not consider the different degrees of response to thyroxine treatment and its effect on platelet function. This raises the need for further studies to clarify the effect of different degrees of responses to treatment on platelet function in hypothyroid disease.

OBJECTIVES:

To characterize the abnormalities in the primary hemostasis (platelet adhesion and aggregation) in patients with overt hypothyroidism on L-thyroxine therapy and to study the effect of variation of the responses to treatment on platelet function.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study includes 64 patients with overt hypothyroidism on L-Thyroxine treatment. The patients were divided into three groups according to their response to treatment. Group-I: euthyroid patients (ET) (n = 25): (normal thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] and free T4), Group II: subclinical hypothyroid (SH) (n = 22): (high TSH and normal free T4), and Group III: inadequately treated hypothyroid (IH) (n = 17) (high TSH and low T4). Platelet function was assessed by light transmissiom aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA), epinephrine (EPN), collagen, and ristocetin and by the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) closure times (CTs).

RESULTS:

Platelet aggregation responses showed a significant reduction to ADP in ET patients (42.9 ± 20.7), SH patients (41.8 ± 24.2), and IH patients (46.9 ± 20.1) and to risocetin in ET patients (62.9 ± 22.8), SH patients (62.6 ± 21.2), and IH patients (61.3 ± 14.6) as compared to the controls (59.1 ± 9.5) and (75.3 ± 6.9), respectively. There is a significant prolongation of C/EPN: (175.6 ± 82.5) in the IH patients as compared to the controls (141.6 ± 26.8). Significant prolongation of C/ADP CT (132.2 ± 72.5) in IH patients as compared to the controls (100.7 ± 24.1) was found with normalization of both CT in ET patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

In overt hypothyroidism using two different tests of platelet function, we confirmed that the existence of a hypocoagulable state is due in part to a defect in primary hemostasis. Moreover, the defect varies according to the degree of response to L-Thyroxine treatment; it is more pronounced in inadequately treated hypothyroid patients and less in the subclinical hypothyroid.
Predictors of Clinical Outcome of Ulcerative Keratitis in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Arinze O. C. , Ezisi C. N. , Ogbonnaya C. E. , Okoloagu N. M.
Published: January 2022

Aims and objectives:

To determine the predictors of clinical outcome of ulcerative keratitis at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.

Methods:

This was a hospital-based study of 61 patients with ulcerative keratitis. Participants’ sociodemographics and clinical information were obtained. Outcome measures included treatment outcome (categorized into good treatment outcome and poor treatment outcome) and posttreatment visual outcome (categorized into visual acuity 6/60 or better and visual acuity worse than 6/60).

Results:

A total of 61 patients were recruited for the study. Of these, 44 (72.1%) were males and 17 (27.9%) were females. Although majority 55 (90.1%) of the ulcers healed, many developed complications such as perforation with evisceration − 3 (11.5%), panopthalmitis with evisceration − 3 (11.5%), healed perforated ulcers with visually significant adherent leukoma − 5 (19.2%), visually significant corneal opacities from ulcers that healed without perforation − 6 (23.1%), corneal vascularizattion − 7 (26.9%), and anterior staphloma − 2 (7.7%). Predictors of poor treatment outcome included duration of symptoms of more than 1 week, use of harmful traditional eye medictions (TEMs), size of ulcer ≥4mm, and presence of hypopyon. Significant predictors of poor posttreatment visual outcome included age 40 years and above, size of ulcer ≥4 mm, and duration of symptoms ≥1 week.

Conclusions:

Majority of the corneal ulcers healed. However, many also had complications that led to significant visual impairment and ocular morbidity. These are largely due to late presentation and indiscriminate use of TEMs. Effective eye health education and promotion are recommended to encourage early presentation, prevention, and reduction of visual and ocular morbidity from ulcerative keratitis.
Barriers to Uptake of Cataract Surgical Services in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Obasuyi Osamudiamen C. , Ukponmwan Catherine U. , Uhumwangho Odarosa M.
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To identify the barriers to the uptake of cataract surgical services among patients with cataract attending the eye clinic in Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH), Edo State, Nigeria.

Materials and methods:

The study was a descriptive hospital-based study of patients with cataract attending the eye clinic of the ISTH, Irrua, Edo State. An interviewer-administered questionnaire designed to identify the barriers to the uptake of cataract surgical services was used for this study. Responses to questions on willingness to have cataract surgery, reasons for unwillingness, and the factors which made willing participants end up not having surgery or delaying their surgery were obtained, collated and analyzed. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Software, version 21.

Results:

Four hundred patients made of 217 (54.3%) males and 183 (45.8%) females in a ratio of 1.2:1 were participated in this study. One hundred and eighty-eight (47%) of respondents did not know that cataract surgical services were available at ISTH, 34 (15%) had surgery within a week, whereas 189 (80.4%) respondents had surgery more than a week after being told they were eligible for surgery. Fear of poor outcome and lack of finance ranked high in the list of reasons for the delay in surgery. Women were 1.5 times more likely to have surgery than men. Education and distance from health facility had no role to play in the uptake of cataract surgery.

Conclusion:

Fear of poor surgical outcome, lack of finances, and lack of knowledge of the availability of surgical services are impediments to access cataract surgery at ISTH and improving surgical outcome and education about available surgical services may improve the uptake of cataract surgery.
Prevalence of Refractive Errors and the Impact of Its Correction on Academic Performance of Primary School Children in Nigeria
Authors: Akinremi S. O. , Ademola-Popoola D. S , Olatunji F. O , Ogunmuyiwa S. O
Published: January 2022

Background:

Vision is critical to optimal educational development. About 12 million children are affected with undetected visual impairment from refractive error and are mostly in Asia and Africa, hence the need to determine the prevalence of refractive error and the impact of its correction on academic performance (AP) in a representative cohort of African children in Ilorin, Kwara State, and Nigeria. Few published studies have looked at the impact of refractive error on AP in Nigeria. This study will afford the children to have vision screening and correction of their refractive errors. It will also reinforce the importance and need for vision screening among primary school pupils and increasing teachers and parents awareness.

Methodology:

This was a quasi-experimental study carried out among 2124 primary school pupils aged 5–15 years. Eye examination and refraction were carried out during the first term of the school academic calendar. Children with visual acuity worse than logMar 0.2 (6/9.5), which improves with pinhole, had refraction and were dispensed free eyeglasses. The AP of pupils with refractive error was assessed at the end of the first term before the use of eyeglasses and at third term after wearing eyeglasses for 6 months using the mean academic score for all subjects.

Result:

The prevalence of refractive errors among primary school pupils aged 5–15 years was 2.8%. Myopia was the most common refractive error with a prevalence of 1.2%. The change in mean academic score of pupils with refractive errors was statistically significant as it improved to 61.1 ± 13.4 from 56.5 ± 13.9 following the use of eyeglasses. The improvement in AP was more significant in pupils with hypermetropia and astigmatism following the use of eyeglasses.

Conclusion:

The average AP of pupils with refractive errors was good, but nevertheless correcting for refractive errors had a positive impact, especially in pupils with hypermetropia and astigmatism.
Hospital-Based Assessment of the New Visual Acuity Level in Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness
Authors: Alfin Ruth J , Ramyil Alice V , Mpyet Caleb D
Published: January 2022

Background:

There are currently two versions of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) method in use: RAAB5 and RAAB6. While RAAB5 uses visual acuity (VA) of 6/18 as cutoff for visual impairment (VI), RAAB6 uses VA of 6/12.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to determine the average additional time it will take to test from 6/18 to 6/12 VA levels and to compare the causes of VI across these VA cutoffs.

Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study of patients aged 50 years and above attending a tertiary hospital in Jos between April and September 2016 (6 months). RAAB6 methodology was used to test presenting VA of all participants. The time taken to obtain a VA of 6/18 and to test from 6/18 to 6/12 was recorded separately for each eye. Those with VA worse than 6/12 in one or both eyes had their eyes examined to determine the cause of VI. The data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for windows software, version 20.

Results:

The average additional time taken to test VA from 6/18 to 6/12 was 42.11 seconds (95% confidence interval: 32.86–51.35). Cataract was the major cause of VI with both VA cutoffs with no significant difference in its proportion (P = 0.924). Uncorrected refractive error and glaucoma were the next important causes of VI with 6/12 (P = 0.041) and 6/18 (P = 0.041) cutoffs, respectively.

Conclusion:

The spectrum of disease causing VI may not differ significantly between the two RAAB versions, but survey duration will likely be prolonged with RAAB6.
A Rare Case of Giant Conjunctival Nevus with Amniotic Membrane Graft Reconstruction in Rural India
Authors: Asgaonkar Priyanka D. , Bankar Gauri Badhe , Pandit Akanksha , Badhe Kishor P.
Published: January 2022

Conjunctival nevi are the most common melanocytic tumors of the eye. The benign conjunctival nevus typically harbors conjunctival inclusion cysts that are detectable both clinically and histopathologically, which differentiates it from the other pigmented conjunctival lesions. They commonly affect teenagers and young adults. In our case, we have performed excision of the nevus with amniotic membrane grafting in which we have procured and processed the amniotic membrane ourselves.
Aberrant DNA Methylation Maker for Predicting Metachronous Recurrence After Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Neoplasms
Authors: Shin Cheol Min , Kim Nayoung , Yoon Hyuk , Choi Yoon Jin , Park Ji Hyun , Park Young Soo , Lee Dong Ho
Published: January 2022

Purpose This study aimed to investigate whether MOS methylation can be useful for the prediction of metachronous recurrence after endoscopic resection of gastric neoplasms.Materials and Methods From 2012 to 2017, 294 patients were prospectively enrolled after endoscopic resection of gastric dysplasia (n=171) or early gastric cancer (n=123). When Helicobacter pylori was positive, eradication therapy was performed. Among them, 124 patients completed the study protocol (follow-up duration > 3 years or development of metachronous recurrence during the follow-up). Methylation levels of MOS were measured at baseline using quantitative MethyLight assay from the antrum.Results Median follow-up duration was 49.9 months. MOS methylation levels at baseline were not different by age, sex, and current H. pylorii infection, but they showed a weak correlation with operative link on gastritis assessment (OLGA) or operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment (OLGIM) stages (Spearman’s ρ=0.240 and 0.174, respectively; p < 0.05). During the follow-up, a total of 20 metachronous gastric neoplasms (13 adenomas and 7 adenocarcinomas) were developed. Either OLGA or OLGIM stage was not useful in predicting the risk for metachronous recurrence. In contrast, MOS methylation high group (≥ 34.82%) had a significantly increased risk for metachronous recurrence compared to MOS methylation low group (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.54 to 14.79; p=0.007).Conclusion MOS methylation can be a promising marker for predicting metachronous recurrence after endoscopic resection of gastric neoplasms. To confirm the usefulness of MOS methylation, validation studies are warranted in the future (ClinicalTrials No. NCT04830618).
Treatment of smell loss with systemic methylprednisolone
Authors: Schriever V.A. , Merkonidis C. , Gupta N. , Hummel C. , Hummel T.
Published: January 2022

Background and aim: Olfactory dysfunction is a common complaint in a large number of people. As the aetiologies of olfactory dysfunction vary greatly so do the treatment approaches. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate treatment with systemic corticosteroids, particularly focusing on its effectiveness on the different olfactory dysfunction aetiologies. Although a prospective randomized control trail is preferred for such an investigation, using the current approach, we were able to test a very large patient population. Material and methods: A total of 425 patients with olfactory dysfunction were treated with systemic corticosteroids for 14 days. Olfactory performance was measured using the `Sniffin` Sticks` battery before and after the treatment. Results: The treatment with systemic corticosteroids significantly increased the performance on the TDI score and on each of the three subtests; threshold, discrimination and identification. In 26.6% of the patients improvement of more than six points of the TDI score was observed. The treatment proved to be more effective in patients with sinunasal olfactory dysfunction, where this percentage increased to 36.7, compared to other aetiologies. In addition, the increase in olfactory function was negatively correlated with the TDI score before the treatment. Conclusion: This study confirms the effectiveness of systemic corticosteroids on olfactory dysfunction in a large patient population. Specifically, the results show that treatment is: (a) more effective in patients with sinunasal than in patients with idiopathic olfactory dysfunction, (b) most effective in patients with sinunasal disease with nasal polyps, and (c), at best, effective in half of the patients. The current study may provide help in counselling patients.
Sinonasal malignant melanoma: an analysis of 115 cases assessing outcomes of surgery, postoperative radiotherapy and endoscopic resection
Authors: Lund V.J. , Chisholm E.J. , Howard D.J. , Wei W.I.
Published: January 2022

Background: Melanomas account for 4% of sinonasal malignancies. We present the largest single institution series reported thus far and analyze the outcome with reference to lymph node involvement, radiotherapy and endoscopic resection. Methodology: Survival and recurrence data were analyzed on sinonasal melanoma cases collected from 1963-2010 to compare treatment strategies and to ascertain factors predicting outcome. Results: 115 cases (mean age 65.9) were treated at our institution during this period. All underwent surgical resection of the tumour, 31 (27%) endoscopically, and 51 (44%) also received radiotherapy. Five year overall survival was 28% and disease-free survival was 23.7%. Local control was achieved for a median of 21 months, 5-year disease control rate of 27.7%. Endoscopically resected cases showed a significant overall survival advantage up to 5 years. Radiotherapy did not improve local control or survival. Cervical metastases conferred a dramatically worse outcome. Conclusions: Endoscopic resection of sinonasal melanoma does not prejudice outcome. The role of radiotherapy is unproven.
Exploring urbanization and critical habitat loss through land cover change around the Bons Sinais Estuary, Mozambique
Authors: Furaca Noca B. , Hoguane Antonio M. , Mackay Fiona , Willemse Marinel , Langa Avelino A.
Published: January 2022

Estuaries supply direct and indirect multi-sectoral opportunities including for transport, natural resource use and climate protection. These provisions support livelihoods and contribute to social and economic development. The Bons Sinais Estuary in Zambézia Province, central Mozambique, is adjacent to the provincial administrative capital Quelimane, some 25 km from the coast. The rapid growth of Quelimane has increased the demand for natural resources from the estuary, including space, food, fuelwood, transport and raw materials for construction and economic activities. Expansion of the built environment has extended into low-lying lands, mostly within the critical estuarine functional zone with inevitable consequences, such as damage to natural habitats and flooding of occupied areas during rainy seasons. The aim of this study was to analyse three decades of change (1991 – 2018) in land use and land cover (LU/LC) in the Bons Sinais Estuary, focussing on the growth of Quelimane city and the transformation of estuarine and surrounding habitats. The method relied on open-access satellite images and a LU/LC change analysis to quantify the spatio-temporal changes brought about by economic development and related human activities. A combination of low-intensity fieldwork and satellite-derived data (Landsat-5, sensor: Thematic Mapper and Landsat-8; sensors: Operational Land Imager, Thermal Infra-Red Scanner) was used to generate LU/LC information classified according to the features: mangrove trees; wetlands; estuary intertidal areas; built-up area; cultivated trees; and cultivated land. From 1991 onwards, there was an overall increase in cultivated crops (66 %), development (79 %) (including rural human settlements) and intertidal mudflats (12 %) with a concomitant decline in critical wetlands (16 %) and mangroves (12 %). The study predicts a worsening of the impacts on the estuarine ecosystem with further growth of Quelimane city. To reverse the negative trend on estuary health, the recommendation is for management interventions that promote sustainable LU, and urban development plans that consider ecosystem conservation and active restoration.
Nghiên cứu quy trình chế biến và hoạt tính sinh học của trà hòa tan từ quả sung (Ficus racemosa Linn)
Authors: Mai Đỗ Thị Ngọc , Trinh Huỳnh Thị Kim , Tùng Bùi Thanh , Mẫn Phạm Đoàn , Thủy Nguyễn Thị Lệ
Published: January 2022

Sung (Ficus racemosa Linn.) được trồng phổ biến ở Việt Nam, quả của nó có nhiều tác dụng dược lý. Nghiên cứu này đề cập các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quá trình chế biến trà sung hòa tan cũng như khảo sát hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa, ức chế enzyme α-glucosidase và kháng khuẩn của sản phẩm. Trà sung hòa tan được thu từ quả sung thông qua quá trình xử lý: sao, trích ly, cô đặc, phối trộn và sấy thăng hoa. Chất lượng sản phẩm trà sung hòa tan được đánh giá dựa trên các phương pháp hóa lý, vi sinh và cảm quan. Kết quả: Quy trình thích hợp cho chế biến trà hòa tan quả sung: Sung được sao ở nhiệt độ 80oC trong 10 phút, quá trình trích ly sung được thực hiện ở 70oC trong 90 phút với tỉ lệ sung và nước là 1:7 (g/mL), dịch trích được cô đặc ở nhiệt độ 70oC trong 90 phút, sau đó phối trộn 25% maltodextrin và tiến hành sấy thăng hoa để tạo thành sản phẩm trà hòa tan. Trà sung hòa tan có khả năng ức chế enzyme α-glucosidase và kháng oxy hóa với giá trị IC50 lần lượt là 54,32mg/mL và 61,48mg/mL.
The relationship between mining output and methane of the N010 coal seam in Ha Lam coal mine
Authors: Pham Nhung Thi , Nguyen Thinh Van , Le Hung Nhu ,   Mining Faculty, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam  Vietnam Mining Science and Technology Association, Vietnam
Published: January 2022

Ha Lam coal mine is exploited from +75 m to -300 m with an output of 2.4 million tons/year. To meet the production requirements, the mine mobilizes 3 coal seams to exploit simultaneously, seam 7, seam 10 and seam 11, in which seam 10 has the highest methane content among the 3 seams. Currently, Ha Lam coal mine is ranked II in terms of methane. However, in the mining process of the mechanized longwall, there is a sudden increase in methane release, especially at the times when the machine can operate continuously due to favorable geological conditions of the reservoir and the sudden increase in the thickness of the seam leads to a sudden increase in the volume of recovered coal. In order to contribute to ensuring safety in mining, be proactive in controlling the methane concentration in the seam 10 mining longwall. The article has studied to determine the relationship between the level of methane emission with the methane content in the coal seam and the mining output of the longwall. These are two factors that greatly affect the methane release process from the longwall. The article used practical methods of measurement, sampling and analysis to determine the level of methane release from longwall furnaces at different mining levels of coal seam 10. The relationship between methane release and methane content in the coal seam with the mining output of the longwall has been determined in the form of a function y = a.ln(x) + b. With each mining level of coal seam 10, just update the methane content in the reservoir and the planned output, the release of methane into the longwall can be predicted. The research results help to plan the and exploitation dilute the concentration of methane in the coal seam 10 of Ha Lam coal mine.
3-D Integrated Geological Modeling for coalbed estimation in the Khe Cham I mine, Quang Ninh province: Techniques and Applications
Authors: Khuong Hung The , Trinh Minh Tu Ngoc ,   Faculty of Geoscience and Geoengineering, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam  Vinacomin – Khe Cham Coal Company, Cam Pha, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
Published: January 2022

Despite the crisis period, coals are still an irreplaceable energy resource. However, it is a non-renewable resource, so in addition to expanding the search, the rational exploitation of the existing fields is a challenge for coalfield exploration and production. Incorporating large quantities of public geological data and proprietary lithological, structural, geochemical, geophysical, and diamond drill hole data is needed to produce robust 3D geological models. It shows how reliable 3D maps can be used as immersive instruments for mineral deposit discovery this paper. The evaluation of coal reserves has been done by 3D application on the Surfer and Rockwork software. The result of 70,145 thousand tons of coal for the V12 and V13-1 coalbeds of Khe Cham I mine is a relatively consistent result with previous calculations. Therefore, 3D analysis of the Khe Cham I mine shows a better visualization of the coal reserves and the spatial distribution of the geological formations in the site. Evaluating the correlation between the thickness and dip angle of the V12 and V13-1 coalbeds shows that the total mechanized coal reserves of the mine are mostly concentrated in the coalbeds of the dip angle below 180, accounting for 62.78÷82.17%, and coalbed thickness from 1.2÷3.5 m. Moreover, the application of 3D geological modeling for coalbeds in the Khe Cham I mine gives a rather intuitive and comprehensive view of the mine, helping geologists and miners better judge geological research and exploitation.
Türkiye’de Evlilik Uyumu ile İlgili Yapılan Doktora Tezlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: PARLAR Hanifi , ŞENLİ Aslıhan
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmada; evlilik uyumu konu alınarak yazılmış doktora ve tıpta uzmanlık tezleri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amaç kısmında bazı sorular mevcuttur. Bu sorulara çalışmanın bulgular kısmında yanıt verilmiştir. Evlilik uyumu kısaca şu şekilde tanımlanmaktadır: farklı kişilik özelliklerine sahip iki bireyin mutlu, karşılıklı anlaşmalı bir düzen oluşturulduğu, müşterek bir şekilde beraber ilerlemektir. Evlilikte uyum, evli bireylerin başkaları ile uyumuna da katkı sağlamaktadır. YÖKTEZ veri tabanından yapılan araştırma sonucu evlilikte uyum konusunda yazılmış toplam 28 adet tez olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak etik izinler dolayısıyla izinli olmayan 3 tez araştırmaya dahil edilememiş olup, evlilikte uyum konusunda yapılmış 25 araştırma ile çalışılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmaların sayısının düşük oranda olması dikkat çekmektedir. Evlilikte uyum konusunda yapılan bu çalışmalarda konular, tezlerin seviyeleri, yılları, dilleri, üniversiteler, enstitüler, anabilim dalları, yazarların cinsiyetleri, araştırma yöntemleri, veri toplama araçları, istatistiki analizleri, kaynak türleri, tezlerin illere göre dağılımı ve tez danışmanlarının unvanları incelenmiştir.
Fluctuación poblacional de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en el cultivo del sorgo del sur de Anzoátegui, Venezuela
Authors: Bertorelli María Virginia , Olivares Barlin Orlando
Published: January 2022

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la fluctuación poblacional de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en etapa larval, en las diferentes etapas fenológicas del sorgo y su relación con el tipo de labranza, las condiciones climáticas, y distintos sistemas de uso del sorgo en el Fundo Las Tunas, municipio Simón Rodríguez, estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela. Para la evaluación se utilizaron cuatro sistemas de uso: S1 (Sorgo-Stylosanthes brasilianum-Brachiaria dictyoneura); S2 (Sorgo-Centrosema brasilianum-B. dyctioneura); S3 (Sorgo-B. dyctioneura); y S4 (Sorgo monocultivo) bajo dos tipos de labranza (liviana y profunda). La determinación de la fecha de ocurrencia de las etapas fenológicas del cultivo se realizó dos veces por semana durante todo el ciclo del cultivo. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que la fluctuación poblacional de S. frugiperda no se vio influenciada por el sistema de uso, pero sí por el tipo de labranza, se presentaron mayores valores de fluctuación población del insecto (>0.80 larvas por planta) con la labranza profunda. Se evidencia una estrecha relación entre estos factores de fluctuación poblacional del insecto, condiciones climáticas y los días después de la siembra; un mayor ataque de la plaga ocurrió en el periodo vegetativo cuando se presentaron bajos montos de precipitación diaria y altas temperaturas.
SUGAR CANE ROOT DISEASE
Authors: Earle F. S.
Published: January 2022

Resumen en inglés.
Indianidad evanescente en los Andes de Ecuador
Authors: Bretón Solo de Zaldívar Víctor
Published: January 2022

Víctor Bretón lleva trajinando los Andes ecuatoriales cerca de tres décadas. En esta compilación de sus trabajos, cubre un amplio abanico de temáticas de investigación que es un devenir de su vida. Lo he observado y acompañado en ese ‘hacer haciendo’ que a la vez es un hacerse a sí mismo. Al recorrer con él sus lugares de investigación, de Toacazo (Cotopaxi) a las parroquias del Chimborazo, constaté el vínculo de solidaridad y de empatía que lo anuda con sus interlocutores. Ese compromiso es impulsado por una indignación: no soporta el trato jerarquizado y discriminante, tampoco el engaño ideológico, que es su corolario. La premisa de la igualdad es una de las aristas que recorren sus trabajos críticos sobre el “desarrollismo”. Se ha dedicado a desmontar con minucia de relojero sus argucias y falacias, exhibe su accionar concreto y dónde falsean. Lleva décadas haciéndolo. Lo impulsa un amor por los Andes, por sus gentes, sus montañas, la luminosidad, los colores y las nieblas de los páramos, el aire tenue y helado, el olor que emanan los cuatro mil metros de altitud. Este libro es un testimonio de su pasión. Andrés Guerrero