bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NIPSNAP protein family emerges as a sensor of mitochondrial health
Authors: Fathi Esmat , Yarbro Jay M. , Homayouni Ramin
Published: April 2021

Since their discovery over two decades ago, the molecular and cellular functions of the NIPSNAP family of proteins (NIPSNAPs) have remained elusive until recently. NIPSNAPs interact with a variety of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins. They have been implicated in multiple cellular processes and associated with different physiologic and pathologic conditions, including pain transmission, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. Recent evidence demonstrated a direct role for NIPSNAP1 and NIPSNAP2 proteins in regulation of mitophagy, a process that is critical for cellular health and maintenance. Importantly, NIPSNAPs contain a 110 amino acid domain that is evolutionary conserved from mammals to bacteria. However, the molecular function of the conserved NIPSNAP domain and its potential role in mitophagy have not been explored. It stands to reason that the highly conserved NIPSNAP domain interacts with a substrate that is ubiquitously present across all species and can perhaps act as a sensor for mitochondrial health.
Synthesis and characterization of novel fluoroterphenyls: self‐assembly of low‐molecular‐weight fluorescent organogel
Authors: Altoom Naif Ghazi
Published: April 2021

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution has been highlyparaselective on a range of functionalized pentafluorobenzenes. Here, we demonstrate the utility of nucleophilic aromatic substitution chemistry for the preparation of fluorinated fluorescent low‐molecular‐weight organogels. The molecular design, synthesis and photophysical performance of a new class of thermoreversible and fluorescent low‐molecular‐weight organogels frompara‐alkoxy‐functionalized fluorinated terphenyls are described. Both CuI‐catalyzed decarboxylative cross‐coupling and nucleophilic aromatic substitution chemistry were used for the preparation of those highly fluorinated gelators in high yields and excellent purity via simple filtration, from the corresponding potassium fluorobenzoate salts and aryl iodides. Various fluorinated symmetrical and asymmetricalparaterphenyls were prepared with variousparaterminal alkoxy tails. Those fluorinated terphenyls were characterized using X‐ray crystallography, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, as well as1H,13C, and19F nuclear magnetic resonance. UV–visible light absorbance and emission spectra of those new materials displayed a solvatochromic and solvatofluorochromic behaviour, respectively. Self‐assembly of the produced fluorinated terphenyls occurred via cooperativeπ–πstacking and van der Waals interactions, which resulted in gelating various organic solvents. Scanning electron microscopy displayed the formation of fibre‐like nanostructures. The cytotoxicity of some selected fluorinated symmetrical and asymmetricalparaterphenyls was explored.
Enhancement of angiogenin inhibition by polyphenol‐capped gold nanoparticles
Authors: Panda Atashi , Karhadkar Siddhant , Acharya Bidisha , Banerjee Anwesha , De Soumya , Dasgupta Swagata
Published: April 2021

Angiogenin (Ang), is a ribonucleolytic protein that is associated with angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels. The involvement of Ang in vascularisation makes it a potential target for the identification of compounds that have the potential to inhibit the process. The compounds may be assessed for their ability to inhibit the ribonucleolytic activity of the protein and subsequently blood vessel formation, a crucial requirement for tumor formation. We report an inhibition of the ribonucleolytic activity of Ang with the gallate containing green tea polyphenols, ECG and EGCG that exhibits an increased efficacy upon forming polyphenol‐capped gold nanoparticles (ECG‐AuNPs and EGCG‐AuNPs). The extent of inhibition was confirmed using an agarose gel‐based assay followed by fluorescence titration studies that indicated a hundred fold stronger binding of polyphenol‐capped gold nanoparticles (GTP‐AuNPs) compared to the bare polyphenols. Interestingly, we found a change in the mode of inhibition from a noncompetitive type to a competitive mode of inhibition in case of the GTP‐AuNPs, which is in agreement with the 'n' values obtained from the fluorescence quenching studies. The effect on angiogenesis has also been assessed by the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. We find an increase in the inhibition potency of GTP‐AuNPs that could find applications in the development of anti‐angiogenic compounds.
Efficient Synthesis of Cyclohexanol and Ethanol via the Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid‐Derived Cyclohexyl Acetate with the CuxAl1Mn2−x Catalysts
Authors: Song Tongyang , Chen Wei , Qi Yuanyuan , Wu Peng , Zhu Zhirong , Li Xiaohong
Published: April 2021

The hydrogenation of cyclohexyl acetate (CHA), derived from the esterification of acetic acid and cyclohexene, not only alleviates the overcapacity of acetic acid, but also produces value‐added cyclohexanol (CHOL) and ethanol at a low cost. Herein, we prepared Cu1Al1, Cu1Mn1 and CuxAl1Mn2−x catalysts via a deposition‐precipitation method for the hydrogenation of CHA to CHOL and ethanol. As a result, the ternary CuxAl1Mn2−x catalysts exhibited superior behaviors to Cu1Al1 and Cu1Mn1. To our delight, Cu1Al1Mn1 had a 95.0 % CHA conversion and 93.6 % selectivity to CHOL along with 97.6 % selectivity to ethanol in a batch reactor. Based on detailed characterization, the ternary CuxAl1Mn2−x catalysts possessed more uniformed dispersion of Cu particles, less aggregation and larger BET specific surface area than the binary catalysts. Furthermore, Cu1Al1Mn1 possessed the highest Cu0/(Cu0+Cu+) molar ratio, the highest (Mn2++Mn3+)/Mn4+ molar ratio and the most abundant surface oxygen vacancies, facilitating the adsorption and activation of CHA and hydrogen. In addition, Cu1Al1Mn1 had excellent stability (>500 h) in a fixed‐bed reactor.
Nb−V Mixed Oxide with a Random Assembly of Pentagonal Units: A Catalyst for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane and Propane
Authors: Shimoda Kosuke , Ishikawa Satoshi , Matsumoto Katsuya , Miyasawa Mai , Takebe Marino , Matsumoto Riku , Lee Syutoku , Ueda Wataru
Published: April 2021

High‐dimensionally structured (HDS) mixed oxides of vanadium with metals (M) (e. g., Nb, Mo, and W; denoted as HDS‐MVO) were constructed by {M6O21}12− pentagonal units and {MO6} (M=Nb, Mo, W, or V) octahedra as linkers. The materials were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and rod‐shaped solids. The random assembly of the pentagonal units and octahedra in the cross‐sectional plane of the rods facilitated the formation of micropore channels along the long axis of the rods. Micropore formation was directly observed in the cross‐section by HAADF‐STEM. These structural features are common to HDS‐NbVO, HDS‐MoVO, and HDS‐WVO. The catalytic activity of these three HDS‐MVOs with V/Mo ratios in the range 0.35–0.39 was tested for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and propane. The reaction rates per surface area for ethane oxidation and propane oxidation over the HDS‐MoVO and HDS‐WVO catalysts were comparable, whereas the HDS‐NbVO catalyst showed an appreciable difference between the two reaction rates. Both HDS‐MoVO and HDS‐WVO exhibited higher selectivity for olefin formation during ethane oxidation than propane oxidation. Interestingly, the olefin selectivity over the HDS‐NbVO catalyst was found to be almost independent of the alkane substrate. These catalytic features were discussed on the basis of V−O−V or V−O−Mo redox coupling and pore structure effects in HDS‐MoVO and HDS‐WVO and also of isolated and valence stable surface V in HDS‐NbVO.
Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Phosphorus‐Rich Tungsten Phosphide by Cobalt Doping: A Comprehensive Study of the Active Sites and Electronic Structure
Authors: Yang Yixuan , Feng Xiaoyu , Liu Zhizhong , Zhang Xuming , Song Hao , Pi Chaoran , Gao Biao , K Chu Paul , Huo Kaifu
Published: April 2021

Phosphorus‐rich transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are considered efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the actual activity of P‐rich TMPs is not as good as expected because of the undesirable electronic structure. Transition metal doping has been shown to be effective in improving the HER activity of TMPs in both acid and alkaline media, but the underlying mechanism is ambiguous, especially for P‐rich TMPs. Herein, cobalt‐doped and phosphorus‐rich tungsten phosphide nanowire arrays (Co/WP2 NWs/CC) are synthesized and the electrochemical properties and mechanism are determined by both experiments and theoretical calculation. The results reveal that Co dopants serve as inert catalytic sites and do not participate in HER process, but the Co/WP2 NWs/CC exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity as a result of the lower water dissociation barrier and hydrogen adsorption/desorption free energy on W or P sites and improved conductivity by strong electron‐donating effects of Co dopants, thereby boosting the catalytic activity and kinetics.
Introduction to Bayesian methods
Authors: Brereton Richard G.
Published: April 2021

The concepts of Bayesian analysis are introduced by discussing a 2 × 2 confusion matrix with unequal sample sizes for each class.
Pre‐plant and in‐crop herbicide programs for prickly sida control in soybean
Authors: Copes Josh T. , Miller Donnie K. , Godara Rakesh K. , Griffin James L.
Published: April 2021

Prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) is emerging as a prevalent and troublesome weed in the Mid‐South glyphosate‐resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping systems as reliance on residual herbicides has decreased. It emerges throughout the growing season and postemergence (POST) control has been reported to be variable. Combinations of residual herbicides applied pre‐plant and at‐planting followed by POST herbicides in‐crop may be needed to maximize control. This research utilized separate studies to address the value of currently available residual herbicides applied pre‐plant, at‐planting, and POST in glyphosate‐resistant soybean prickly sida management systems. At 35 days after application (DAA), prickly sida control from glyphosate plus 2,4‐D pre‐plant with flumioxazin plus chlorimuron‐ethyl, flumioxazin plus pyroxasulfone, flumioxazin plus chlorimuron‐ethyl plus thifensulfuron‐methyl, metribuzin plus chlorimuron‐ethyl or metribuzin plus sulfentrazone was 70–89% and similar among treatments. In a separate study, based on prickly sida control and density 21 days after late postemergence (LPOST) application, improvement in control was most affected by inclusion of glyphosate or glyphosate plus residual herbicides flumioxazin, chlorimuron‐ethyl, and thifensulfuron‐methyl at‐planting. Weed control was not improved when residual herbicides chlorimuron‐ethyl plus tribenuron‐methyl were included pre‐plant or when residual herbicides chlorimuron‐ethyl, s‐metolachlor, and fomesafen were applied with glyphosate POST. Late‐season prickly sida control was as high as 93% following at‐planting and POST applications that did not include residual herbicides. Soybean yield was maximized with glyphosate applied both at‐planting and POST, whether or not residual herbicides flumioxazin, chlorimuron‐ethyl, and thifensulfuron‐methyl were included at‐planting or residual herbicides chlorimuron‐ethyl, s‐metolachlor, or fomesafen were included POST. When averaged across at‐planting and POST treatments, a 10% yield increase was observed when residual herbicides chlorimuron‐ethyl and tribenuron‐methyl were applied with glyphosate plus 2,4‐D pre‐plant compared with glyphosate plus 2,4‐D alone.
Marker‐assisted backcrossing for disease resistance and agronomic traits in Carioca beans
Authors: de Almeida Caléo Panhoca , Paulino Jean Fausto de Carvalho , Santos Isabella Laporte , Bajay Miklos Maximiliano , Gonçalves João Guilherme Ribeiro , Carvalho Cássia Regina Limonta , Carbonell Sérgio Augusto Morais , Chiorato Alisson Fernando , Benchimol‐Reis Luciana Lasry
Published: April 2021

Angular leaf spot, a disease caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola, can lead to yield losses of up to 70% in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) crop. Due to the quantitative character of angular leaf spot, a cultivar with high resistance depends on the presence of several resistance loci. In the present study, a marker‐assisted backcrossing approach was used involving an Andean donor parent (AND 277) and a Mesoamerican recurrent parent (IAC‐Milênio). For marker‐assisted backcrossing in the BC1F1 genotypes, 15 molecular markers previously mapped for angular leaf spot resistance loci were used, and selection was performed by genotypes grouped with the donor parent in discrimination analysis of principal components. Through molecular selection, 42% of the BC2F3 families selected for the Carioca grain ideotype showed high resistance to angular leaf spot under controlled conditions of infection. Two lines resistant under natural conditions and tolerant to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli J. B. Kendr. & W. C. Snyder) were selected for the competition trial. The lines selected, AM138 and AM167, showed superiority to the recurrent cultivar for six of the eight agronomic traits, including resistance to Race 65 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum slow grain darkening, early maturity, and lighter grain color. Both advanced lines will be included in the value for cultivation and use trials; and as Carioca lines with resistance of Andean origin, they can be widely used as sources of resistance in breeding programs to overcome problems related to inter‐gene pool crosses.
Design and Synthesis of Zinc‐Activated CoxNi2−xP/Graphene Anode for High‐Performance Zinc Ion Storage Device
Authors: Guo Dongfang , Li Zijiong , Wang Dianzhang , Sun Min , Wang Haiyan
Published: April 2021

Zinc ion capacitors (ZICs) composed of capacitor‐type cathodes and battery‐type anodes have attracted widespread attention thanks to the huge potential in the next generation of low‐cost energy‐storage devices. It is a challenge to explore a universal anode for aqueous ZICs with high‐efficiency energy‐storage characteristics. In this work, the double‐transition‐metal composite CoxNi2−xP/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with sufficient electrochemical activity and charge‐transfer kinetics was successfully synthesized. The Zn@CoNiP/rGO anode obtained by zinc‐ion activation and a biomass‐derived porous carbon cathode (PC) were assembled into an aqueous ZIC (CNP–ZIC) in 2 m ZnSO4. Finally, the CNP–ZIC reveals excellent energy and power densities with a working potential range of 0.2–1.9 V. CNP–ZICs shows high capacitance of up to 356.6 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 (based on the mass of active material on the PC cathode), which is far superior to the performance of conventional asymmetric energy storage devices (CoNiP/rGO//PC and Co2P/rGO//PC). The CNP–ZIC exhibits both a very high energy density of 143.14 Wh kg−1 and good cycling life (∼92.2 % retention after 10000 charge–discharge cycles at 7.5 A g−1). There is no doubt that this work provides a promising strategy for assembling novel zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors with high efficiency and stable output.
Modified grey wolf optimization for global maximum power point tracking under partial shading conditions in photovoltaic system
Authors: Motamarri Rambabu , Bhookya Nagu , Chitti Babu B.
Published: April 2021

In the study of photovoltaic (PV) system, power‐voltage (P‐V) curves exposed to view several peaks under partial shaded condition (PSC), which brings about muddled and most extreme maximum power point tracking (MPPT) process. Under uniform weather conditions, regular MPPT algorithms such as perturb and observe (P&O), hill climbing (HC), and incremental conductance (INC) work in an effective manner. However, these conventional methods are unable to track global peak successfully under PSC. In this context, the evolutionary algorithms such as grey wolf optimization (GWO) perform better than conventional algorithms. However, the conventional GWO is not sufficient for exploration point of view to locate global best particles; and moreover, GWO deteriorates the convergence process. To overcome these drawbacks, a modified GWO (MGWO) is proposed in this paper to track global best particle, which improves the convergence process under static condition and as well as re‐initialization of parameters under dynamic conditions. The proposed method is verified using simulations as well as using experimental results. The obtained results demonstrate superiority compared to conventional GWO and HC methods under partial shaded patterns of PV array.
Simultaneous accessing of multiple SRAM subregions forming configurable and automatically generated memory fields
Authors: Simopoulos Theodoros , Alexiou George Ph. , Spyridopoulos Lazaros , Konofaos Nikos
Published: April 2021

A novel SRAM architecture that simultaneously accesses multiple and non‐overlapped memory subregions, located even inside the same memory page, is presented in this work. This new memory architecture is called multi‐field SRAM, and the multiple selection of its subregions—referred to as the memory fields—is succeeded using special designed intra‐encoders, placed as one for every memory field. The block diagram of the typical SRAM model is extended in order to support the addressing of the multi‐field SRAM using a modified crossbar addressing approach. The support of this new memory is based on the automated generation of intra‐encoders that are adjacent to the memory fields. A test circuit, consisting of 16 memory fields, is developed in order to prove the correct operation of this new memory. Each memory storage cell uses an 8T model in order to support the crossbar addressing scheme, which is also presented. Finally, the simulation results of the test circuit are shown, verifying the successful and simultaneous multi‐field access of the memory.
A state‐dependent linear recurrent formula with application to time series with structural breaks
Authors: Rahmani Donya , Fay Damien
Published: April 2021

An underlying assumption in Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA) is that the time series are governed by a linear recurrent continuation. However, in the presence of a structural break, multiple series can be transferred from one homogeneous state to another over a comparatively short time breaking this assumption. As a consequence, forecasting performance can degrade significantly. In this paper, we propose a state‐dependent model to incorporate the movement of states in the linear recurrent formula called a State‐Dependent Multivariate SSA (SD‐MSSA) model. The proposed model is examined for its reliability in the presence of a structural break by conducting an empirical analysis covering both synthetic and real data. Comparison with standard MSSA, BVAR, VAR and VECM models shows the proposed model outperforms all three models significantly.
Direct effects of visual skills and working memory on Chinese character reading in young children
Authors: Yang Xiujie , Qiao Linyan
Published: April 2021

The present study aimed to examine how visual skills, verbal working memory, visuospatial working memory, and other general cognitive skills (inhibitory control, attention, and decision speed) were simultaneously correlated with the early acquisition of reading among kindergarten children. A total of 99 Chinese children were tested individually on the Chinese character recognition task, the block design task, the digit span task, the visuospatial sketchpad task, the continuous performance task (CPT), the flanker task, and the choice reaction time task. The results showed that visual skills and working memory accounted for 15% of the unique variance in character reading, whereas other general cognitive skills, including decision speed, inhibitory control and attention, did not significantly explain the variance in character reading when visual skills and working memory were considered. Specifically, verbal working memory, rather than visuospatial working memory, explained the unique variance in children's learning of character reading. These findings highlighted that visual skills and verbal working memory were among the most important precursors of reading in children at the beginning stage of learning Chinese characters.
A focus on the gross morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the oesophagus and stomach of Eurasian common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus chloropus, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Hanafy Basma G.
Published: April 2021

The present work was the first attempt to examine the oesophagus and stomach of the Eurasian common moorhen grossly and by SEM. The oesophagus was composed of long cervical and short thoracic parts. The longitudinal folds of the cervical part were narrower than that of the thoracic part, while the depressions between these folds were shallower and wider in the cervical part. On the epithelial surface of the oesophagus, micropapillae were present and they were numerous and smaller at the level of the cervical part. The openings of the oesophageal glands were circular at the level of the cervical part and oval to elliptical at the thoracic part. The crop was absent. The proventriculus was fusiform in shape; its mucosa was arranged in several, concentrically arranged mucosal folds connected with each other by transverse folds. The proventriculus glands were oval and opened by raised papillae on the epithelial surface. The gizzard was oval; its mucosa was lined by a horizontal layer of cuticle appeared like the fish scales, while the vertical part of the cuticle appeared as thin rods. The folds of the oesophagus are functioning for the expansion for the passage of the food particles. The tunica musculosa of the gizzard was thick to help in grinding of the food particles.
Metabolic impact of pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial glutamyl‐tRNA synthetase EARS2
Authors: Ni Min , Black Lauren F. , Pan Chunxiao , Vu Hieu , Pei Jimin , Ko Bookyung , Cai Ling , Solmonson Ashley , Yang Chendong , Nugent Kimberly M. , Grishin Nick V. , Xing Chao , Roeder Elizabeth , DeBerardinis Ralph J.
Published: April 2021

Glutamyl‐tRNA synthetase 2 (encoded by EARS2) is a mitochondrial aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase required to translate the 13 subunits of the electron transport chain encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. Pathogenic EARS2 variants cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, subtype 12 (COXPD12), an autosomal recessive disorder involving lactic acidosis, intellectual disability, and other features of mitochondrial compromise. Patients with EARS2 deficiency present with variable phenotypes ranging from neonatal lethality to a mitigated disease with clinical improvement in early childhood. Here, we report a neonate homozygous for a rare pathogenic variant in EARS2 (c.949G>T; p.G317C). Metabolomics in primary fibroblasts from this patient revealed expected abnormalities in TCA cycle metabolites, as well as numerous changes in purine, pyrimidine, and fatty acid metabolism. To examine genotype‐phenotype correlations in COXPD12, we compared the metabolic impact of reconstituting these fibroblasts with wild‐type EARS2 versus four additional EARS2 variants from COXPD12 patients with varying clinical severity. Metabolomics identified a group of signature metabolites, mostly from the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism, that discriminate between EARS2 variants causing relatively mild and severe COXPD12. Taken together, these findings indicate that metabolomics in patient‐derived fibroblasts may help establish genotype‐phenotype correlations in EARS2 deficiency and likely other mitochondrial disorders.
Evaluation of honey authenticity in Lebanon by analysis of carbon stable isotope ratio using elemental analyzer and liquid chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: El Hawari Khaled , Al Iskandarani Mohamad , Jaber Farouk , Ezzeddine Raed , Ziller Luca , Perini Matteo , Bontempo Luana , Pellegrini Maura , Camin Federica
Published: April 2021

Honey is one of the most valuable sweeteners consumed by humans all over the world. Consequently, it is often a target for adulteration through the addition of different sugar syrups during or after honey production, resulting in a reduction in its nutritive value. For the first time, this study analyzes honey samples of various botanical species collected from different Lebanese regions using element analyzer (EA) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The δ13C of bulk honey, its protein fraction, and the main individual sugars (glucose, fructose, disaccharides, and trisaccharide) were determined, in order to characterize and evaluate the authenticity of honey consumed in Lebanon. The results showed that the δ13C values for bulk honey and its protein range from −26.5‰ to −24.5‰ and from −26.4‰ to −24.7‰, respectively, for authentic samples. δ13C values for samples adulterated with sugar syrups range from −11.2‰ to −25.1‰ for bulk honey and from −26.6‰ to −23.7‰ for its proteins, with a difference between bulk and protein values between −1 and −8.7‰. Using LC‐C‐IRMS techniques, the δ13C of individual sugars provides additional information on the presence of undeclared sugars. We found that all authentic samples had Δδ13Cf‐g and Δδ13C max values within the naturally occurring range of ±1‰ and ±2.1‰, respectively, while the adulterated samples fall outside the Δδ13C ranges. The oligosaccharide peak was detected in most adulterated samples.
Bioinformatics and immunoinformatics to support COVID‐19 vaccine development
Authors: Ishack Stephanie , Lipner Shari R.
Published: April 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has infected over 109 000 000 people with 2 423 443 deaths as of February 17, 2021. Currently, there are no approved or consistently effective treatments, and conventional vaccines may take several years for development and testing. In silico methods of bioinformatics, vaccinogenomics, immunoinformatics, structural biology, and molecular simulations can be used for more rapid and precise vaccine design. This paper highlights two major immunoinformatics strategies that are used in designing novel and effective vaccines and therapeutics: reverse vaccinology and structural vaccinology.
Synergistic corrosion inhibition of A3steel in hydrochloric acid by Sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2‐mercaptopyridine: Experimental and theoretical calculations
Authors: Han Peng , Du Fei , Wang Xiuzhi , Xu Chenyang , Liu Ruiping , Shi Liqing , Song Liying , Zhang Junqing , Zhang Lei , He Yang
Published: April 2021

The inhibition performance of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 2‐mercaptopyridine (2MP) corrosion inhibitors on A3steel in 0.5 M HCl increase with increasing of the inhibitor concentration (50–200 mg L−1). SDS and 2MP inhibitor follow Freundlich adsorption isotherm and Langmuir adsorption isotherm, respectively. These two inhibitors exhibit good synergistic inhibition effect on the corrosion of A3steel in 0.5 M HCl solution when the mass ratio of SDS:2MP is 1:4. Gibbs free energy of the mixture is lower and the mixture exhibit good adsorption stability. 2MP molecule are adsorbed on metal surface through N atom and sulfhydryl group. SDS molecule interacts with metal through O atoms while the alkyl chain pointing to the test solution. This adsorption configuration is beneficial to the formation of the inhibitor film, the migration of the corrosive particles to the metal surface was hindered and thus the metal surface was protected.
Joining of plastic‐metal hybrid components by overmoulding of specially designed form‐closure elements
Authors: Wurzbacher S. , Gach S. , Reisgen U. , Hopmann C.
Published: April 2021

Ecological and economic aspects nowadays increasingly require the development of weight‐reduced designs and energy‐efficient production processes. Particularly in the field of modern vehicle or aircraft construction, developers endeavour to take into account the ever more extensive customer requirements for safety and comfort by using lightweight construction. In many lightweight construction applications, alongside the classic material steel, plastics and the light metals aluminium, magnesium and titanium are being used. Due to a wide variety of requirements, the combination of different material classes to form hybrids will become even more important in the future. Injection moulding is an established method to join plastic‐metal hybrid components. In the present study, the potentials of electron beam structuring by means of surfi‐sculpt, an electron beam material processing technology, on different lightweight materials for the generation of form‐fit elements in plastic‐metal‐hybrid components to be used to join both materials by overmoulding are analysed. The analysis is performed by means of tensile shear test specimens.
Function mechanism of knowledge lattice in gazelle enterprises' relay innovation—Using knowledge matching and knowledge transfer as conducting variables
Authors: Kang Xin , Yang Jianzhao , Yu Liyan
Published: April 2021

Relay innovation is an active process; it starts with innovation capability identification and ends with innovation capability inheritance. A knowledge lattice helps knowledge workers to better connect with the knowledge they require in relay innovation. Considering gazelle enterprises as research objects, this study constructs an analytical framework of the functional mechanism of the knowledge lattice in relay innovation and introduces knowledge matching and knowledge transfer as the conducting variables for empirical verification. The empirical analysis results show that the knowledge lattice significantly affects knowledge matching, that knowledge matching significantly affects knowledge transfer, and that knowledge transfer significantly affects relay innovation.
Uncertainty principles for the quadratic‐phase Fourier transforms
Authors: Shah Firdous A. , Nisar Kottakkaran S. , Lone Waseem Z. , Tantary Azhar Y.
Published: April 2021

The quadratic‐phase Fourier transform (QPFT) is a recent addition to the class of Fourier transforms and embodies a variety of signal processing tools including the Fourier, fractional Fourier, linear canonical, and special affine Fourier transform. In this article, we formulate several classes of uncertainty principles for the QPFT. Firstly, we formulate the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle governing the simultaneous localization of a signal and the corresponding QPFT. Secondly, we obtain some logarithmic and local uncertainty inequalities such as Beckner and Sobolev inequalities for the QPFT. Thirdly, we study several concentration‐based uncertainty principles, including Nazarov's, Amrein–Berthier–Benedicks's, and Donoho–Stark's uncertainty principles. Finally, we conclude the study with the formulation of Hardy's and Beurling's uncertainty principles for the QPFT.
The multiple solitons of the short pulse equation
Authors: Xu Xingliang , Zhang Yongshuai , Xu Shuwei
Published: April 2021

By applying the inverse scattering method, we solve the soliton and bound‐state soliton solutions of the short pulse equation (SPE), corresponding to the multiple simple poles and one higher order pole of the scattering data, respectively. The formulae of these solutions are expressed in an unified determinant form.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tetrahydrodibenzo[b,g][1,8]napthyridinones as Potential Anticancer Agents and Novel Aurora Kinases Inhibitors
Authors: Chate Asha V. , Tagad Pramod A. , Bondle Giribala M. , Sarkate Aniket P. , Tiwari Shailee V. , Azad Rajaram
Published: April 2021

Aurora kinases inhibitors A and B have elucidated a vital role within the carcinogenesis and metastases of assorted sort of cancer. Variety of novel methodologies of drug style and support of potential enzyme inhibitors square measure listed in clinical trials, probably there‘s no advanced clinical role for kinases because the key targets for developing drug than in cancer medical care until date. Therefore, we have designed and synthesized novel tetrahydrodibenzo[b,g] [1,8]naphthyridinone molecules victimisation L‐Proline in ethanol as associate adept organocatalyst for one‐pot synthesis. This methodology is delicate, competent, high yielding, and also the product was directly crystallized from hot ethanol, in addition to this synthesized compounds were biologically evaluated for anticancer activity against human respiratory organ cancer (A549), human hepatocellular liver cancer (HepG2) and human cervical cancer animal tissue (HeLa) cells victimisation MTT assay victimisation VX‐680 as normal drug, specifically inhibiting Aurora A and Aurora B kinases. The compounds 4 f,4 h and 4k were found to be sensible anticancer agents against the complete selected cancer cell lines. The compound 4k was found to be the foremost potent anticancer compound among the synthesized derivatives with IC50 value 16.22 μM, 20.14 μM and 5.32 μM against A549, HepG2 and Hela cell lines. The potent compounds 4 f,4 h and 4k were specifically inhibiting Aurora A and Aurora B kinases. The compound 4k was found to be potent Aurora kinases substance with IC50 value 24 nM and 58 nM against Aurora A and Aurora B, respectively. The results of Aurora enzymes restrictive activities recommend that the synthesized compounds exert their anticancer activity by inhibiting aurora kinase inhibitors.
Multi‐Functional Cerium Modification to Accelerate the Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Spinel Co3O4
Authors: Wang Lemiao , Liu Qianfeng , Ta Na , Fan Hefei , Wang Erdong
Published: April 2021

To enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of spinel Co3O4, in this work, a novel strategy of cerium (Ce) modification is developed via the co‐precipitation and followed annealing method. The Ce modification not only diminishes the critical size, but also increases the surface content of Co3+ and elevates the conductivity of the Co3O4 electrocatalysts, working together to enhance the ORR activity. Moreover, the adsorptive CeO2 on the surface of Co3O4 further promotes the ORR activity by the synergistic effect between CeO2 and Co3O4. Typically, the optimized 0.5 % Ce−Co3O4 exhibits a half‐wave potential of 0.665 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and low Tafel slope of −60 mV dec−1 as well as long‐term stability.
Nanotheranostics for the Management of Hepatic Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Guan Yu , Yao Weifeng , Yi Ke , Zheng Chunxiong , Lv Shixian , Tao Yu , Hei Ziqing , Li Mingqiang
Published: April 2021

Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI), in which an insufficient oxygen supply followed by reperfusion leads to an inflammatory network and oxidative stress in disease tissue to cause cell death, always occurs after liver transplantations and sections. Although pharmacological treatments favorably prevent or protect the liver against experimental IRI, there have been few successes in clinical applications for patient benefits because of the incomprehension of complicated IRI‐induced signaling events as well as short blood circulation time, poor solubility, and severe side reactions of most antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory drugs. Nanomaterials can achieve targeted delivery and controllable release of contrast agents and therapeutic drugs in desired hepatic IRI regions for enhanced imaging sensitivity and improved therapeutic effects, emerging as novel alternative approaches for hepatic IRI diagnosis and therapy. In this review, the application of nanotechnology is summarized in the management of hepatic IRI, including nanomaterial‐assisted hepatic IRI diagnosis, nanoparticulate systems‐mediated remission of reactive oxygen species‐induced tissue injury, and nanoparticle‐based targeted drug delivery systems for the alleviation of IRI‐related inflammation. The current challenges and future perspectives of these nanoenabled strategies for hepatic IRI treatment are also discussed.
Effect of Aging Treatment on Precipitates and Intrinsic Mechanical Behavior of Austenitic Matrix in Ti–V–Nb‐Alloyed High‐Manganese Steel
Authors: Shan Quan , Zhang Tianyi , Li Zulai , Zhou Zaifeng , Jiang Yehua , Lee Yun-Soo , Luo Xu
Published: April 2021

The collaboration of precipitated particles and austenitic matrix plays a significant role in the overall wear performance of high‐manganese (high‐Mn) austenitic steels. The austenitic matrix cannot support micrometer‐sized precipitates because of its poor Young's modulus and hardness before work hardening, and the relative sliding of abrasive particles over the matrix may result in the precipitates detaching from the matrix and deteriorating the overall wear performance of the steels. Herein, a solid‐solution temperature of 1100 °C is applied to balance the size of the austenite grains and precipitates. Different volume fractions of submicrometer V2C are precipitated in the austenitic matrix by aging at different temperatures, and the volume fraction of submicrometer V2C precipitates increases with aging treatment temperature. When the aging temperatures are higher than 450 °C, Young's modulus and nanohardness of the austenitic matrix are significantly enhanced, and the overall Brinell hardness and strength of the specimens are also improved. The improvement in the mechanical properties of the matrix is mostly related to the precipitation strengthening of nanoscale precipitates, and the enhancement in the overall hardness of the steels is mainly related to a sufficient amount of precipitated submicrometer V2C particles in the austenitic matrix.
Precision SMEFT bounds from the VBF Higgs at high transverse momentum
Authors: Araz Jack Y. , Banerjee Shankha , Gupta Rick S. , Spannowsky Michael
Published: April 2021

Abstract

We study the production of Higgs bosons at high transverse momenta via vector-boson fusion (VBF) in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We find that contributions from four independent operator combinations dominate in this limit. These are the same ‘high energy primaries’ that control high energy diboson processes, including Higgs-strahlung. We perform detailed collider simulations for the diphoton decay mode of the Higgs boson as well as the three final states arising from the ditau channel. Using the quadratic growth of the SMEFT contributions relative to the Standard Model (SM) contribution, we project very stringent bounds on these operators that far surpass the corresponding bounds from the LEP experiment.
Comments on the quantum field theory of the Coulomb gas formalism
Authors: Kapec Daniel , Mahajan Raghu
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The holomorphic Coulomb gas formalism, as developed by Feigin-Fuchs, Dotsenko-Fateev and Felder, is a set of rules for computing minimal model observables using free field techniques. We attempt to derive and clarify these rules using standard techniques of quantum field theory. We begin with a careful examination of the timelike linear dilaton. Although the background charge of the model breaks the scalar field’s continuous shift symmetry, the exponential of the action remains invariant under a discrete shift because the background charge is imaginary. Gauging this symmetry makes the dilaton compact and introduces winding modes into the spectrum. One of these winding operators corresponds to the anti-holomorphic completion of the BRST current first introduced by Felder, and the full left/right cohomology of this BRST charge isolates the irreducible representations of the Virasoro algebra within the degenerate Fock space of the linear dilaton. The “supertrace” in the BRST complex reproduces the minimal model partition function and exhibits delicate cancellations between states with both momentum and winding. The model at the radius $$ R=\sqrt{pp^{\prime }} $$
R
=

pp
′

has two marginal operators corresponding to the Dotsenko-Fateev “screening charges”. Deforming by them, we obtain a model that might be called a “BRST quotiented compact timelike Liouville theory”. The Hamiltonian of the zero-mode quantum mechanics of this model is not Hermitian, but it is PT-symmetric and exactly solvable. Its eigenfunctions have support on an infinite number of plane waves, suggesting an infinite reduction in the number of independent states in the full quantum field theory. Applying conformal perturbation theory to the exponential interactions reproduces the Coulomb gas calculations of minimal model correlation functions. In contrast to spacelike Liouville, these “resonance correlators” are finite because the zero mode is compact. We comment on subtleties regarding the reflection operator identification, as well as naive violations of truncation in correlators with multiple reflection operators inserted. This work is part of an attempt to understand the relationship between the JT model of two dimen- sional gravity and the worldsheet description of the (2, p) minimal string as suggested by Seiberg and Stanford.
Evaluating EYM amplitudes in four dimensions by refined graphic expansion
Authors: Tian Hongxiang , Gong Enze , Xie Chongsi , Du Yi-Jian
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The recursive expansion of tree level multitrace Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) amplitudes induces a refined graphic expansion, by which any tree-level EYM amplitude can be expressed as a summation over all possible refined graphs. Each graph contributes a unique coefficient as well as a proper combination of color-ordered Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes. This expansion allows one to evaluate EYM amplitudes through YM amplitudes, the latter have much simpler structures in four dimensions than the former. In this paper, we classify the refined graphs for the expansion of EYM amplitudes into N k MHV sectors. Amplitudes in four dimensions, which involve k + 2 negative-helicity particles, at most get non-vanishing contribution from graphs in N k′ (k′ ≤ k) MHV sectors. By the help of this classification, we evaluate the non-vanishing amplitudes with two negative-helicity particles in four dimensions. We establish a correspondence between the refined graphs for single-trace amplitudes with $$ \left({g}_i^{-},{g}_j^{-}\right) $$

g
i
−

g
j
−

or $$ \left({h}_i^{-},{g}_j^{-}\right) $$

h
i
−

g
j
−

configuration and the spanning forests of the known Hodges determinant form. Inspired by this correspondence, we further propose a symmetric formula of double-trace amplitudes with $$ \left({g}_i^{-},{g}_j^{-}\right) $$

g
i
−

g
j
−

configuration. By analyzing the cancellation between refined graphs in four dimensions, we prove that any other tree amplitude with two negative-helicity particles has to vanish.
Maritime vessel re-identification: novel VR-VCA dataset and a multi-branch architecture MVR-net
Authors: Ghahremani Amir , Alkanat Tunc , Bondarev Egor , de With Peter H. N.
Published: April 2021

Maritime vessel re-identification (re-ID) is a computer vision task of vessel identity matching across disjoint camera views. Prominent applications of vessel re-ID exist in the fields of surveillance and maritime traffic flow analysis. However, the field suffers from the absence of a large-scale dataset that enables training of deep learning models. In this study, we present a new dataset that includes 4614 images of 729 vessels along with 5-bin orientation and 8-class vessel-type annotations to promote further research. A second contribution of this study is the baseline re-ID analysis of our new dataset. Performances of 10 recent deep learning architectures are quantitatively compared to reveal the best practices. Lastly, we propose a novel multi-branch deep learning architecture, Maritime Vessel Re-ID network (MVR-net), to address the challenging problem of vessel re-ID. Evaluation of our approach on the new dataset yields 74.5% mAP and 77.9% Rank-1 score, providing a performance increase of 5.7% mAP and 5.0% Rank-1 over the best-performing baseline. MVR-net also outperforms the PRN (a pioneering vehicle re-ID network), by 2.9% and 4.3% higher mAP and Rank-1, respectively.
Digitalisierung und Organisationsethik. Ethische und technikphilosophische Skizzen
Authors: Manzeschke Arne
Published: April 2021

Organisationen sind wichtige Intermediäre in modernen ausdifferenzierten und pluralen Gesellschaften. In ihnen und durch sie werden ein Großteil der Entscheidungen verfertigt. Das betrifft nicht zuletzt Organisationen des Gesundheitssektors. Durch Digitalisierung und Vernetzung werden solche organisationalen Prozesse erneut und in erheblichem Maße herausgefordert, was auch die Organisationsethik zu Rekonzeptualisierungen zwingt. Der Artikel skizziert einige Grundprobleme einer der Digitalisierung angemessenen Organisationsethik.
Assessing the potential of online ICP–MS analysis to optimize Ca/matrix separation using DGA Resin for subsequent isotopic analysis
Authors: Retzmann Anika , Walls Dorothy , Miller Kerri , Wieser Michael , Irrgeher Johanna , Prohaska Thomas
Published: April 2021

Ca isotopes have gained increasing interest as a diagnostic tool for bone diseases due to the variations in abundances as a consequence of changes in bone-mineral balance. Optimized Ca/matrix separation prior to analysis is a prerequisite for reliable isotope ratio measurements in complex biological matrices such as blood, serum, or urine. The online analysis of analyte/matrix separation by ICP-MS enables direct assessment of elution profiles supporting the optimization process. The integration of transient signals and signal suppression challenge the quantification and interpretation of the elution profiles. Mn and Co remain unretained by the DGA Resin (TrisKem International) from nitric acid. Hence, in the present study, these elements were investigated for their application as standards to monitor signal suppression. Successful analyte quantification was accomplished using a dynamic correction strategy applying a linear gradient of a suppression factor based on Mn and Co intensities. An optimized Ca/matrix separation procedure using DGA Resin is proposed based on the results during online ICP-MS analysis.

Graphic abstract
A device for rainfall simulation in geotechnical centrifuges
Authors: Wang Shun , Idinger Gregor
Published: April 2021

Rainfall-induced slope instabilities are ubiquitous in nature, but simulation of this type of hazards with centrifuge modelling still poses difficulties. In this paper, we introduce a rainfall device for initiating slope failure in a medium-sized centrifuge. This rainfall system is simple, robust and affordable. An array of perforated hoses is placed close above the model slope surface to generate the raindrops. The rainfall intensity depends on the centrifuge acceleration and the flow rate of the water supply, which is controlled by the size and number of the tiny pinholes in the hose walls. The rainfall intensities that are tested range from 2.5–30 mm/h, covering the intensity range of moderate, heavy and torrential rainfall events. Our model test with rainfall-induced slope failure shows that this system is capable of generating relatively uniform rainfall of wide intensities and leads to various patterns of slope failure.
Long-Term Non-progression in Metastatic Breast Cancer Beyond 5 Years: Case Series and Review
Authors: Sytov Alexander , Brenin Christiana , Millard Trish , Showalter Shayna , Dillon Patrick
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) was traditionally viewed as homogeneously progressive and incurable among all comers, but there is new evidence that MBC harbors a range of tumor molecular/immune subtypes and degrees of aggressiveness. Thus, MBC is not rapidly fatal in all affected patients.

Recent findings

A small subset of patients will attain long-term disease control, or undetectable disease, and will enjoy a prolonged survival with little disability from their disease or treatment. Though the term is controversial, some patients with long-term non-detectable disease may effectively be considered “cured”. To best advise treatment options in these patients, it is imperative to identify patients most likely to benefit from aggressive treatment.

In this review, we delineate the clinical, pathologic, and disease characteristics associated with long-term non-progression in MBC. We include a single institution case series of long-term non-progressive MBC patients and their characteristics as an example of the frequency of this sub-population of MBC. Future prospective trials are warranted to examine the utility of clinical characteristics as predictors of long-term survival in MBC.