bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X Mata Pelajaran Ekonomi Menggunakan Model Inkuiri Terbimbing Dengan Ingkuiri Bebas di SMA Negeri 1 Liliriaja Kabupaten Soppeng
Authors: Musdalifah Musdalifah , Sulfaidah Sulfaidah
Published: August 2019

Model pembelajaran yang dipandang mampu mengembangkan hasil belajar dan pemahaman konsep siswa yaitu model pembelajaran inkuiri. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) hasil belajar ekonomi siswa Kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Liliriaja Kabupaten Soppeng melalui model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing, (2) hasil belajar ekonomi siswa Kelas X Di SMA Negeri 1 Liliriaja Kabupaten Soppeng melalui model pembelajaran inkuiri bebas, (3) perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antara kelompok siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran inkuri terbimbing dengan kelompok siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri bebas Kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Liliriaja Kabupaten Soppeng. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian quasi experiment dengan desain penelitian non-equivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XA dan XB di SMA Negeri 1 Liliriaja Kabupaten Soppeng yang berjumlah 60 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistic deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Uji homogenitas data diperoleh nilai sig sebesar 0,824 pada data hasil pre test, berarti nilai sig lebih besar dari nilai α = 0,05 (0,824 > 0,05). Dengan demikian H0 di terima. Begitupula nilai sig sebesar 0,336 pada data hasil post test, berarti nilai sig lebih besar dari nilai α = 0,05 (0,336 > 0,05). Dengan demikian H0 di terima. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa data hasil pre-test dan post test pada kelas inkuiri terbimbing dan inkuiri bebas bersifat homogeny.
APLICAÇÃO ESTRUTURAL DO BAMBU – TESOURAS DE DUAS ÁGUAS: ANÁLISE TEÓRICA-EXPERIMENTAL
Authors: Gonçalves Vitória Maria , Carbonari Gilberto , Proni Gustavo
Published: August 2019

O bambu é uma excelente alternativa sustentável, de elevada resistência, com baixo peso específico e renovável. Graças a um tratamento natural eficiente descoberto recentemente, utilizando Tanino, a durabilidade conferida permite a sua utilização em várias aplicações na construção civil. O objetivo do trabalho foi obter um método para execução de tesouras mais eficientes estruturalmente e verificar a sua viabilidade prática em coberturas de edificações. Para isto, foram executadas 6 tesouras de bambu, da espécie Dendrocalamus giganteus, reforçadas com graute e abraçadeiras metálicas. As tesouras foram posicionadas em um pórtico em que uma carga concentrada foi aplicada no ponto superior da tesoura até a ruptura, gerando dados de deslocamentos e cargas últimas. Desta forma, analisou-se o comportamento de cada tesoura quando submetida à esforços. Os resultados comprovaram que os reforços, além da utilização de barras roscadas nas uniões das barras das tesouras, agregam um significativo acréscimo de resistência mecânica para a referida estrutura. Além disso, os valores obtidos das cargas e deslocamentos nos ensaios realizados permitiram concluir que as tesouras podem ser usadas com segurança em coberturas de edificações, pois atendem aos critérios do Estado Limite de Serviço (E.L.S.) e do Estado Limite Último (E.L.U.).
Mengungkap Realitas Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Pasca Tax Amnesty
Authors: Sulistiowati Sulistiowati , Syaiful Syaiful
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap serta memaknai tentang kepatuhan wajib pajak pasca tax amnesty dari sudut pandang wajib pajak orang pribadi dan konsultan pajak. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan paradigma interpretif.  Sumber data yaitu data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara mendalam dengan beberapa informan yang memenuhi kriteria dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu wajib pajak memaknai kepatuhan pasca tax amnesty sebagai suatu tarif matematis untuk menebus kesalahan dalam pelaporan pajak. Tax amnesty sebagai kesempatan emas untuk menghindari pengawasan dan pemeriksaan pajak. Konsultan pajak memaknai kepatuhan pasca tax amnesty sebagai suatu dilema yang dialami oleh wajib pajak karena unsur keterpaksaan dan ketakutan terhadap ancaman peraturan. Tax amnesty tidak secara otomatis meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak. Indonesia dapat menciptakan kepatuhan sukarela apabila pemerintah mengubah definisi pajak menjadi kontraprestasi secara langsung dan bersentuhan dengan aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat.
Persepsi Akuntan dan Ulama’ terhadap Problematika Etika Profesi Akuntan Publik Perspektif Islam
Authors: Risqifani Risqifani , Suwarno Suwarno
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor dan dampak dari banyaknya kasus pelanggaran etika profesi akuntan publik melalui persepsi akuntan dan ulama’. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dengan informan yang memenuhi kriteria dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa faktor ekonomi dan faktor kepentingan pribadi merupakan faktor utama yang dapat membuat akuntan publik melakukan pelanggaran etika dalam profesinya. Dalam perspektif Islam, tindakan pelanggaran etika profesi akuntan publik merupakan hal yang tidak berdasar pada etika dalam Islam, karena mengandung unsur ketidakjujuran akuntan publik dalam hal penyajian opini atas laporan keuangan,  Seperti yang dijelaskan dalam surat Al-Baqarah ayat 79, bahwa akan celaka bagi orang yang tidak menulis sesuai kebenaran demi untuk mencari keuntungan. Adanya iman dalam setiap pekerjaan menjadi hal yang utama sebagai dasar akuntan publik menjalankan profesinya. Dengan iman yang kuat maka niat untuk melakukan pelanggaran etika profesi akuntan publik dapat diminimalisir.
Analysis of Social, Economic and Population in Central Java Using the Dynamic Data Panel Simultaneous Equation Model
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: August 2019

A single equation model that is often used ignores the interdependence between response variables. Frequently encountered variables that have a two-way relationship. These interrelated two-way relationships can be summarized in a simultaneous equation model system. There is a relationship between variables which are in fact dynamic. In the system model of simultaneous equations with dynamic panel data, each structural equation is a dynamic panel data regression equation. The estimation of using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) in the dynamic panel data model results in biased and inconsistent predictors because there is a lag of the dependent variable that correlates with the error. First difference in dynamic panel models is used to eliminate individual effects. Instrument variables are needed, namely variables that do not correlate with errors. Therefore, dynamic panel data models are more suitable to be used in analyzing poverty and social change. From the simultaneous equation model obtained, the dominant factors affecting the level of poverty in Central Java Province are the unemployment rate, Human Development Index, labor force participation rate, population, and Gross Regional Domestic Product.
Program Pendampingan Pemungutan Pajak Yayasan Keagamaan
Authors: Muamarah Hanik Susilawati , Marsono Marsono , Andriani Arifah Fibri
Published: August 2019

This mentoring program aims to provide an understanding of the provisions of tax collection by religious foundations, such as the MRBJ Foundation managing the Great Mosque of Bintaro Jaya located in Bintaro Jaya, South Tangerang. In carrying out its activities, the MRBJ Foundation involves and makes payments to several parties, such as lecturers, doctors, and service providers. However, so far, the foundation has not fully understood the provisions regarding the tax deduction. Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN (PKN STAN) conducts assistance to identify objects and calculate the amount of payable income tax that must be deducted or collected, which is deposit to the state treasury, up to the reporting of the Income Tax Period SPT. The results of the assistants are expected to enable the MRBJ foundation to analyze itself and carry out its obligations as a cutter/collector per the provisions of tax laws and regulations.
PendampinganTata Kelola Keuangan, Aset dan Pajak Tiga Desa di Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Marsus Soffan , Sitanggang Andykha David Novri , Adhi Ajar Parama , Mardhana I Wayan
Published: August 2019

This community service activity aims to evaluate the use of the village financial system application, the implementation of tax obligations for village treasurers and administration of village assets in Cibereum Village, Sukamaju Village, and Cipayung Datar Village in Bogor Regency. This activity involves students in the student work program. The results of the service activities obtained results that the Cibereum Village and Cipayung Datar Village had implemented this application well. From the aspect of village taxation, the main obstacle faced by the three villages above is understanding reporting obligations. Especially for Sukamaju Village, it found that there were difficulties in making e-billing for paying taxes. The Cibereum and Cipayung Datar Villages already understand the mechanism of e-billing. From the aspect of managing village assets, Sukamaju Village documents very well the evidence of asset ownership. Cipayung Datar village has used Inventory Working Paper (KKI) by the applicable laws and regulations. Cibereum Village has also recorded very well even though it is not entirely by the specified format.
Immunogenetic indicators in Simmental cattle breeding
Authors: Anisimova E. I.
Published: August 2019

Immunogenic analysis allows to identify the genetic effect of individuals on the total gene pool of the herd and the formation of the allele pool in certain groups of animals. Of great importance is the use of data on blood types when breeding livestock along the lines, when significant genetic similarity is created within the entire population. Studies of Simmental cattle were conducted in 1995-2011. According to the results of the analyzes in the breeding herds of the “Combine” farm and the “Abodimovskiy” farm of the Saratov region, 15 of the most frequently encountered B-system alleles were identified. Comparative analysis of alleles showed that B-alleles B2G2KE'1O' (12.4%), O1I'Q' (15.2%), O3QA'2E1J2 (25.3%) are the most characteristic for the main lines and the herd as a whole. However, in the herd there are alleles that are not found in other zones - B2O1Y2D' - (2.3%), B2O3Y2A'2E2P'2Q' - (2.1%), I1E'2G"- (2.1%), Y2A'1D'E' - (1.0%). This indicates that the studied group represents a kind of population that can be attributed to the Volga zonal type. Genetic affinity between the lines, groups of bulls, families was determined on the basis of the genetic similarity index (r). An index of up to 0.5 is considered to indicate a significant genetic dissociation of the compared groups of animals, up to 0.80 - of the existing genetic differences, with above 0.80 - for the presence of genetic similarities between the compared groups of livestock. The calculations showed that there is a genetic similarity between the cows of the Florian and Fasadnik lines, as well as the Facadnik and Mergel, in the herd of the “Combine” state farm (the index value was 0.89 and 0.91) The differences were established between the animals of the Florian and the Mergel lines (r = 0.76). The high genetic similarity between the lines is due to the use of crosses between them. The homozygosity coefficient in the lines varies from 9 to 22%.
Science unfolding in time: a situated protein folding landscape in retrospect
Authors: Powell Alexander
Published: August 2019

A previously unpublished synthesis of ideas about protein structure and folding is presented. Incorporating a number of theoretical speculations and proposals for research, it sheds light on what researchers knew at a specific point in time and how they were thinking about a fundamental but recalcitrant biological problem. Additional context and insight come from graphical representations of the occurrence over time of key terms in the literature relating to protein structure and its wider scientific context.
Singularity#1 and MFA II. Singularität Nr. 1 und MFA II.
Authors: Bheemaiah Anil Kumar
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Dog-Ears formal system (Bheemaiah, n.d.) is extended with MFA II architecture for the definition of Taskoids, needing adaptable designs and additive printing. We present a formal system to apply the formulation to illustrate Singularity#1 as an MFA II, application. The concept of Singularity and Singularity#1 and the MFA II design philosophy is explained, with an abstract photographic art.Keywords: Dog-Ears, Taskoids, Singularity, Singularity#1, Robotics, Conversational UI, additive printing.What:Singularity#1 is defined as an algorithmic machine evolution like genetic algorithms, in MFA II architecture, with the development of machine learning algorithms for the automated design of hardware and software and additive manufacturing of the hardware.MFA II is a multi-functional architecture, where side effects are primary too in a defined multi-functionality, it is inspired by MFA I architecture of form following function and behaviors from BEAM robotics, while BEAM is analog or mixed, MFA II is digital.Was:Singularity # 1 ist definiert als eine algorithmische Maschinenentwicklung wie genetische Algorithmen in der MFA II-Architektur mit der Entwicklung von Algorithmen für maschinelles Lernen für das automatisierte Design von Hardware und Software sowie für die additive Fertigung der Hardware. Es ähnelt der Singularität, die sich durch die Entwicklung von Hardware und Software für maschinelles Lernen durch A.I-Algorithmen auszeichnet.MFA II ist eine multifunktionale Architektur, bei der Nebenwirkungen auch bei einer definierten Multifunktionalität im Vordergrund stehen. Sie ist von der MFA I-Architektur mit Funktionen und Verhaltensweisen der BEAM-Robotik inspiriert, während BEAM analog oder gemischt und MFA II digital ist.How:We illustrate Singularity#1, in non-anthropomorphism in the design of Alexa skills and hardware tools for the sentient bot platform with additive manufacturing. Hardware extensions with the RetroSwitch are defined with a mathematical formulation, and templates with customization for the RetroSwitches and hardware designs are illustrated.TensorFlow is used for a mathematical formulation of MFA II with generalized Tensors.Wie:Wir veranschaulichen Singularität Nr. 1 im Nicht-Anthropomorphismus bei der Entwicklung von Alexa-Fertigkeiten und Hardware-Tools für die Plattform für empfindungsfähige Bots mit additiver Fertigung. Hardware-Erweiterungen mit dem RetroSwitch werden mit einer mathematischen Formulierung definiert, und Vorlagen mit Anpassungen für die RetroSwitches und Hardware-Designs werden veranschaulicht.TensorFlow wird für eine mathematische Formulierung von MFA II mit verallgemeinerten Tensoren mit eingebetteten Unendlichkeiten von Kovarianz und Kontravarianz und einer Konturintegralformulierung verwendet.
Deconstructing Google Dataset Search
Authors: Canino Adrienne
Published: August 2019

This essay examines the beta tool from Google, Google Dataset Search. The Google Dataset Search, announced in September 2018, is a search engine specific to finding research data published on the internet. The structure and methods of the search engine are examined, as well as the methods Google recommends to web developers to make it an effective tool across the World Wide Web. The column concludes with a discussion of the pros and cons of this tool in the research information landscape.
The assessment of paranoia in young people: Item and test properties of the Bird Checklist of Adolescent Paranoia
Authors: Bird Jessica Charlotte , Loe Bao Sheng , Kirkham Miriam , Fergusson Emma C , Shearn Christina , Stratford Hannah , Teale Ashley , Waite Felicity , Freeman Daniel
Published: August 2019

Background: Precise assessment tools for psychotic experiences in young people may help identify symptoms early and facilitate advances in treatment. In this study we provide an exemplar - with a paranoia scale for youth – for improving measurement precision for psychotic experiences using item response theory (IRT). We evaluate the psychometric properties of the new measure, test for measurement invariance, and assess its potential for computerised adaptive testing (CAT). Method: The 18-item Bird Checklist of Adolescent Paranoia (B-CAP) was completed by 1103 adolescents including patients with mental health problems (n=302) and those from the general population (n=801). IRT was used to examine the item properties, test reliability, and measurement invariance. The efficiency of an adaptive B-CAP was assessed in a simulation of 10,000 responses.Results: All B-CAP items were highly discriminative (a=1.15-2.76), whereby small shifts in paranoia led to a higher probability of item endorsement. Test reliability was high (a>0.90) across a wide range of paranoia severity (θ= -0.46-3.36). All items were invariant for gender, age, and population groups. Test-retest reliability was good (r=0.95). The simulated adaptive B-CAP performed with high reliability with an average of 10.9 items and only 5-6 items at higher levels of paranoia severity. Conclusions: The B-CAP is a reliable assessment tool with excellent psychometric properties to assess both non-clinical and clinical levels of paranoia in young people, with potential as an efficient adaptive test. In future, these approaches could be used to develop a multidimensional CAT to assess the full range of psychotic experiences in youth
Body sway predicts romantic interest in speed dating
Authors: Chang Andrew , Kragness Haley Elisabeth , Tsou Wei , Bosnyak Dan J. , Thiede Anja , Trainor Laurel
Published: August 2019

Social bonding is fundamental to human society, and romantic interest involves an important type of bonding. Speed dating research paradigms offer both high external validity and experimental control for studying romantic interest in real-world settings. While previous studies focused on the effect of social and personality factors on romantic interest, the role of non-verbal interaction has been little studied in initial romantic interest, despite being commonly viewed as a crucial factor. The present study investigated whether romantic interest can be predicted by non-verbal dyadic interactive body sway, and enhanced by movement-promoting (‘groovy’) background music. Participants’ body sway trajectories were recorded during speed dating. Directional (predictive) body sway coupling, but not body sway similarity, predicted interest in a long-term relationship above and beyond rated physical attractiveness. In addition, presence of groovy background music promoted interest in meeting a dating partner again. Overall, we demonstrate that romantic interest is reflected by non-verbal body sway in dyads in a real-world dating setting. This novel approach could potentially be applied to investigate non-verbal aspects of social bonding in other dynamic interpersonal interactions such as between infants and parents and in non-verbal populations including those with communication disorders.
Do infants and preschoolers quantify probabilities based on proportions?
Authors: Placì Sarah , Fischer Julia , rakoczy hannes
Published: August 2019

Most probability problems encountered throughout life require the ability to quantify probabilities based on proportions. Recent findings suggest that young children have this ability while other findings suggest otherwise. For example, when presented with transparent jars containing mixtures of preferred and less preferred items, 10- to 14-month-olds (Denison & Xu, 2014) but not 3- and 4-years-olds (Girotto, Fontanari, Gonzalez, Vallortigara & Blaye, 2016) seem to rely on the proportions of objects in the jars to predict the content of samples randomly drawn out of them. Other findings suggest that 12-month-olds do not rely on proportions of objects to make predictions, but rather that their intuitions are based on an evaluation of all possible outcomes a random process can generate (Téglás, Ibanez-Lillo, Costa & Bonatti, 2015). It is thus not clear whether the ability of infants have been overestimated in Denison & Xu (2014), whether the ability of preschoolers have been underestimated in Girotto et al. (2016), or whether the ability to rely on proportions to estimate probabilities follows a U-shaped curve during development. In our study, we tested again whether infants and preschoolers rely on proportions of objects to estimate probabilities of random sampling events. We presented children with two boxes containing a mixture of two types of objects – one type having a higher rewarding value. The experimenter sampled one object out of each box and hid them in two cups. Children could then choose between both cups. Our results show that neither infants nor preschoolers relied on the proportions of objects in the boxes to make inferences about the content of the cups and choose the sample with a higher rewarding value. However, it is not clear why infants failed, as they also failed in a condition in which the outcomes were certain. These findings are congruent with Girotto et al. (2016) but in contradiction with Denison & Xu (2014) and could indicate that infants' ability to reason about proportions have been over-estimated. However, more studies are necessary to explain why infants succeeded in Denison & Xu (2014) and failed in our task.
HYPOTENSION EFFECT OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE WITH BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION IN DIFFERENT INTENSITIES AND VOLUMES
Authors: Soares Davidson Costa , Pereira Paulo Eduardo , de Oliveira Matheus Guidugli , Azevedo Paulo Henrique Silva Marques
Published: August 2019

Resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) promote several benefits, among them the cardiovascular effects, as the hypotensive effect. The objective of this study is to test whether the intensity and volume of BRF modulate the magnitude of the post-exercise hypotensive response. Fourteen young men performed three RBF protocols: BRF50% (50% of 1RM, 4 sets until concentric failure), BRF30% (30% of 1RM, 4 sets until concentric failure), and BRF50%eq (50% of 1RM with equalised volume, 4 sets with the repetitions determined by equalisation). The exercises performed in the three protocols were the bench press and pulley. We calculated the total work. Over 60 minutes after exercise, we measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Neither the intensity nor the BFR volume influenced the magnitude of the hypotensive response. Thus, the results of the present study show that there is no need to use high training loads when the goal is to promote post-exercise hypotension or to maintain blood flow restriction for long periods.
Brancos, castanhos e vermelhos: cachimbos arqueológicos de cerâmica no Forte Orange
Authors: Hissa Sarah de Barros Viana
Published: August 2019

As escavações arqueológicas no forte Orange, sítio multicomponencial de edificação fortificada construída e utilizada para fins militares, resultaram em imensas quantidades de cachimbos. Dois tipos básicos dessas peças foram encontrados: cachimbos importados, em geral feitos de argilas brancas cauliníticas, e cachimbos de argilas colorizadas, muito provavelmente feitos no Brasil. Ambos os tipos são aqui descritos e problematizados: no caso dos cachimbos de argilas brancas, principalmente com foco na sua utilização, enquanto para os de barro, principalmente a partir de questões que circundam sua produção.
Decentralization and School Council Empowerment in Kentucky: Implications for Community Relations
Authors: Björk Lars G. , Keedy John L.
Published: August 2019

We introduce the topic of community building as a central ingredient of systemic reform. After noting that devolution of decision making has been characteristic of many organizations in the 1990s, we contend that decentralizing schooling implies empowerment both of teachers and parents. Having described school councils in Kentucky as illustrative of the twin trends of decentralization and empowerment, we note the (largely) disappointing results on teacher job attraction to council positions and on teacher and parent empowerment. We conclude that the teacher-parent-student relationship for poor families, precisely those targeted by the Kentucky reform cycle, is problematic: Reconfiguring this crucial relationship should in part frame “community relations” for the 21st century.
Parental Involvement in Schools: Why It Is Important and How to Get It
Authors: Norton M. Scott , Nufeld Jean C.
Published: August 2019

Parental involvement in schools is important for two main reasons: it increases the probability that students will succeed academically and it contributes directly to school goals and program support. Research studies emphasize that, although effective parent and school relationships should be cultivated, positive parent and child relationships in the home hold the most promise for influencing student achievement. In addition, the article presents specific recommendations of importance for the implementation of an effective parent involvement program in schools.
Use of Public Opinion Surveys
Authors: Copeland Susan
Published: August 2019

Public opinion surveys serve two primary functions. They gauge public support for tax levies or proposed budgets, and they gather data to determine public support for a wide range of school issues. There are several types of public opinion surveys, each with unique features and datagathering opportunities. It is important to determine the purpose of the survey when choosing the type, as surveys not only gather information, they have the potential of shaping public opinion. School districts that regularly survey their constituents have greater success in voter issues, higher student achievement, and more stable leadership.
Stop Talking and Do Something: The Changing Role of Superintendent Involvement in School—Community Relations
Authors: Alsbury Thomas
Published: August 2019

This reflective piece reviews what current literature says about the role of the superintendent in school—community relations and provides a critique and recommendations from an experienced administrator’s perspective. The article suggests that the traditional superintendent role in community relations assumes the presence of a power elite, which is being replaced by a more dispersed and disconnected public. Recommendations for superintendents include focusing on the use of technology to reach more stakeholders; training, resources, and time to allow staff to function as key community relations representatives; and relying on school successes to be communicated naturally through satisfied students and parents.
Parental Involvement: What Do We Really Know About It?
Authors: Norton M. Scott
Published: August 2019

Research concerning two primary perspectives of parental involvement are examined in this article. One of the important questions posed asks, “Just how much variation in students’ scores on achievement tests can be attributed to school-level differences in parental involvement?” Research suggests that the answer is “very little.” What appears to matter more is parental encouragement through parental and child relationships and activities that support children’s learning and good study habits; such parental and child relationships have the higher positive correlation with student achievement.
Community Engagement: Moving From Words to Action
Authors: Thompson Scott
Published: August 2019

This article lays out eight principles for effective community engagement: reciprocity, proactivity, inclusivity, institutional continuity, centrality, coalition building, ongoing communication, and balancing listening with leadership. To illustrate the principles in action, I describe a composite school district that uses three engagement strategies to shape a reform agenda in full collaboration with internal and external stakeholders. The strategies involve (1) assessing community needs and priorities, using focus groups, interviews, and surveys; (2) reporting results of the assessment, by means of a large-scale event attended by representative stakeholder groups; and (3) establishing strategic direction, by having participants in the large-scale event develop and prioritize options for action.
Using Innovative School Public Relations Tools to Create and Sustain Systemic Reform in Urban School Districts
Authors: Edmondson Jeff
Published: August 2019

Creating and sustaining whole-school district reform is a complex and challenging endeavor, especially in urban school districts with a history of failed improvement efforts. Innovative school public relations tools that are integrated into a specially designed methodology to transform entire school systems can facilitate the change process. These tools and a transformation methodology, however, are insufficient for leading this kind of district-wide change in urban districts. A community-based change-leadership team, composed of a community’s mayor, its school board, and its district superintendent, is also required.

This article describes the kind of leadership I believe is needed to lead whole-district change in urban districts; the challenges that change leaders face when trying to reform urban districts; the characteristics of a community-based change-leadership team to lead whole-system reform; and a special methodology for creating and sustaining systemic school improvement (called “Step-Up-To-Excellence,” Duffy, 2002, 2003) that has innovative school public relations tools embedded in it to support broad-based involvement of community members and school district educators.
Involving Key Stakeholders to Win Support for Strategic Change
Authors: Saltzman Marilyn
Published: August 2019

Jefferson County (Jeffco) Schools in Colorado was faced with inadequate resources and a failing public image in 1997. When a new superintendent was hired, the board of education directed her to develop a strategic plan for the district. To engage staff and community in the process and ensure support for the design and implementation of the strategic plan, the district undertook a comprehensive communications campaign, beginning with an ambitious research project. As a result of the successful planning process and implementation of the strategic plan, the district realized improvements not only in student achievement but also in its public image.

I was the manager in the communications services for the Jefferson County Schools during the period described above. In this article, I tell the story of the part that school public relations played in the success of my school district.
Life on the Bleeding Edge: Philosophy, Practice, and Public Relations in Charter Schools
Authors: Perreault George
Published: August 2019

Charter schools represent one of the most intriguing developments within public education in the past decade. Although they vary widely among themselves and differ from regular public schools in some regards, they also show many similarities. Consequently, many of the public relations strategies that work for other schools should also be useful for them. Among these are: establishment of a strong marketing plan; development of effective media relationships; effective selection of a directing board; utilization of staff to achieve public relations goals; and outreach to other schools facing similar problems.
The Nature of Parent and Community Engagement in Schools That Are Learning Communities
Authors: Everson Susan Toft
Published: August 2019

In many reports, scholars describe parent involvement in schools by focusing on the influence parents have on their children’s learning or on the educators’ perspective of parent involvement (e.g., Norton, 2003). This article looks at the issue through a different lens. It focuses on the nature of parents and community engagement in schools that exhibit the characteristics of effective learning communities where students perform well.
Introduction to Theme Issue: Building Positive School Community Relations Through Community Education
Authors: Decker Larry E. , Decker Virginia A.
Published: August 2019

One of the goals of school public relations is to have the general public understand that everyone in the community benefits when schools are able to carry out their mission of academic success for all children. As guest editors, it is our contention that positive community relations can be built through community education. In this issue, we have brought together articles that illustrate the value of community education to school public relations and how its implementation strategies can be used to involve people—individually and in agencies, businesses, and organizations—in partnerships with schools; to create and sustain programs designed to help meet the diverse needs of a community, to employ the varied tools of public relations to reach out to all parts of the community, and to engage in the politics that are needed to achieve educational objectives.
Linking the Goal of School Community Relations to the Community Education Process
Authors: Petrisky Irene T. , Stark Stephen L.
Published: August 2019

Education in the 21st century must respond to the needs of an increasingly diverse school community and all of its stakeholders. Changes in both the United States and the broader global society call for updated knowledge and new skills. The primary goal of school community relations is to create an understanding among everyone in a community regarding the benefits of education and the gains inherent to a society that supports education for all. Using the precepts and strategies of the community education process can ensure the success of a school community relations initiative.
Connecting Schools and Community Through Service Learning
Authors: Winecoff H. Larry , Carter Kathy Gibson
Published: August 2019

Schools are facing major problems today that are only marginally addressed by most reform initiatives or by standards-based federal and state legislation. New and different strategies are required if schools are to adequately serve their students and communities. This article demonstrates that service-learning is one dynamic way to promote school success because it increases family and community involvement in education, develops adult mentors, makes the curriculum relevant, reduces student feelings of alienation and isolation, and builds an ethic of service.
Educational Accountability in Cyberspace: Analyzing Website Differences Between High- and Low-Performing Washington StateSchool Districts
Authors: Gates Gordon , Anctil Eric
Published: August 2019

Researchers in this study analyze the websites of 30 Washington state school districts to explore differences and similarities between high- and low-performing districts. The study offers evidence about ways educators use accountability data on district websites to communicate with parents, community members, and business representatives about student academic performance. Specifically, the study explores the association between student achievement and communication via the Internet about student academic performance, as well as strategies to improve teaching and learning for student success on accountability standards.
Playing Up—Playing Down Adequate Yearly Progress Data: Lessons From a Large School District
Authors: McCormick-Lee R. Karlene
Published: August 2019

In Nevada, school districts are countywide, giving the state 17 districts, the largest of which is Clark County School District (CCSD). Nearly 70% of the entire state’s population resides in this county. For the past 10 years, population growth in this county has been the fastest in the nation. Such growth brings challenges especially with NCLB, which greatly expands the federal role in public education. Strict accountability is a key piece of NCLB, and Clark County, like all districts, has begun working toward these mandated goals. However, size and growth challenge large urban school districts in terms of communicating to the public with both accuracy and understandability.
School Leader, Advocate, and the Good Neighbor: The Superintendent’s Complex Relationship With the Board President, the School Board, and the Rest of the Community
Authors: Petersen George J. , Williams Barbara Morrow
Published: August 2019

The ability of the superintendent to communicate ethical leadership to the community and demonstrate a positive relationship with the board president and the board of education has considerable influence on communities’ perceptions of the quality of educational programs and the academic achievement of children. This investigation employed social-capital theory as a conceptual lens to investigate these relationships. Our findings suggest that district superintendents tread a fragile bridge where the sustainability of their leadership is dependent on their mastery of the interplay among ethics, advocacy, and community relations.
Motivation for Participation: Why Highly Involved African American Parents Participate in Their Children’s Education
Authors: Fields-Smith Cheryl
Published: August 2019

Given the persistence of an achievement gap between White and Black students and the positive association between parental involvement and student achievement, a greater understanding of factors that influence Black parents to participate in their children’s education is warranted. Using a qualitative methodology, this study investigated factors that contributed to such involvement, as reported by 22 Black parents. Although a majority of the parents exhibited beliefs and practices representative of a high level of parent self-efficacy, the results suggest that age and socioeconomic status influence parental motivations to participate in their children’s education.
Esperanza y Porder: Democratic Dialogue and Authentic Parent Involvement
Authors: Stratton Susan
Published: August 2019

This study explored ways to increase authentic participation of Mexican American parents in the education of their children. It focused on direct dialogue between Spanish-speaking parents and English-speaking school personnel and how dialogue facilitated group development. The design of the study included phenomenological inquiry and action research. Two key findings of the study were as follows: One, parents reported that explicit training in group participation through democratic dialogue was critical to their understanding of participation. Two, use of the dialogue approach played an important role for all participants, particularly, the parents, as illustrated through their reported transformations.
Rebuilding Trust and Relationships Between Your Community and School District
Authors: Chappelow Marsha , Reznikov Kathleen
Published: August 2019

After a failed tax levy in 2004, the Ladue School District in Missouri realized that it had to significantly change its communication methods. A new superintendent was hired in July 2004 to work with the Board of Education to reestablish relationships and increase effective communications with parents and community members. As such, we are the communication professionals who led the district leadership through the development and implementation of a strategic communications plan. We used the RACE planning model, promoted by the National School Public Relations Association. Although community trust has been reestablished, we continue the journey of constantly reevaluating and refining our plan.
Managing Communication During a School Crisis: A Case Study
Authors: Gentilucci James L.
Published: August 2019

Crisis communication training of school principals is problematic because it overemphasizes media relations and underemphasizes the critical importance of immediate and personal communication with students, staff, and parents—those most affected by school crises. A case study involving the death of a student in a small rural school explains why insider-first communication should be principals’ first priority during an emergency. It describes how the approach was successfully used and how it increased public confidence in the crisis management abilities of a principal and his staff. Analysis of the case provides several important lessons for principals who face similar circumstances: Be proactive and take charge of communication; communicate first and personally with those most affected by a crisis; speak through the media with one voice; seek the advice and expertise of others; adapt communication plans as necessary; manage public perception from the inside out; and learn from mistakes.
Try, Try, Again: A Two-Step Strategy for Passing School Levies
Authors: Johnson Paul A.
Published: August 2019

Passing property tax issues is an increasing challenge for many school districts. This article examines 21 school levy strategies identified through a literature review associated with successful school levy campaigns. These strategies were then used as a frame framework to evaluate one district’s attempts to pass a school bond levy. Whereas the study confirms the importance of these strategies, it also presents evidence regarding a two-step approach to planning levy campaigns that might help districts pass levies. Suggestions for further research are discussed.
Taking the Reins: An Interview With Marsha Chappelow
Authors: Woodruff Sarah Beth
Published: August 2019

In an interview conducted shortly after assuming the presidency of the National School Public Relations Association, Marsha Chappelow shared her insights and vision for the association. Her vision stresses the importance of ensuring that the association remain a relevant resource for school district leaders as the expectations on schools intensify and multiply. School public relations programs are a necessity rather than a luxury for contemporary schools as support for public education wanes. Chappelow discusses her goals as president and the priorities of the association.
Community Members’ Perceptions of Teacher Candidates During Panel Employment Interviews: Does Personality Mean More Than Competence?
Authors: Delli Dane A. , Vera Elizabeth M.
Published: August 2019

The context for this study involves the intersection between a community’s increasing expectation for hiring highly qualified classroom teachers and its increasing expectation for access and involvement in public schools. The current investigation attempted to identify community members’ perceptions of the primary factors that influence their impressions of teacher candidates in an exploratory qualitative research design procedure that utilized face-to-face interviews with a confederate candidate. After completing structured interview questions, participants were asked to respond, in an open-ended written format, to the factors that influenced their desire to see the candidate be hired or not hired. Results indicate that personality characteristics were nearly twice more likely to be cited as selection factors than were indicators of competency (e.g., experience, qualifications).
School Public Relations: Personnel Roles and Responsibilities
Authors: Norton M. Scott
Published: August 2019

This article emphasizes the paramount importance of the human resources function in the school system—specifically, in the implementation of an effective school public relations program and in the quality of leadership given by the administrators and the professional and classified staffs. The article submits that school administrators at every level, teaching staff, and support personnel all serve strategic roles in fostering positive school—community relationships. Although the school superintendent assumes a primary leadership role for planning, implementing, and evaluating the effectiveness of a district’s public relations program, the school district’s public relations director, human resources director, school principal, classroom teacher, and other certified and classified personnel have significant roles in a successful school public relations program. Each personnel role is discussed, including its important tasks and responsibilities, in relation to promoting an effective public relations program. An effective school public relations program depends on each school staff member’s understanding and carrying out his or her responsibilities relative to the improvement of the school district’s image.
Change Orientations: The Effects of Organizational Climate on Principal, Teacher, and Community Transformation
Authors: Smith Page A. , Maika Sean A.
Published: August 2019

This research investigates the openness that teachers and principals have to change—specifically, the openness of the faculty to community pressure for change. Three dimensions of change are examined (teacher, principal, and community), as well as four aspects of organizational climate (institutional vulnerability, collegial leadership, professional teacher behavior, and achievement press). In general, the better the school’s organizational climate, the more receptive stakeholders are to change. However, different dimensions of climate are more or less important in affecting the aspects of change. Two simple and parsimonious research instruments were designed to measure salient organizational characteristics and are detailed here. Finally, implications for further research and practical implications are discussed.
Review of Selected Dissertations Addressing School Public Relations, Administrator Communication, and Conflict Resolution
Authors: Decman John M. , Simieou Felix
Published: August 2019

This article is an extension to Kowalski’s (2005) identification of possible lines of scholarly inquiry into themes related to schools and public relations. The article first cites professional accreditation standards for educational leaders as significant factors in providing a framework for increased scholarly inquiry. It then summarizes the research and provides a brief description of relevant dissertations (written since 2005) related to themes in school public relations. Finally, it provides concluding comments regarding the state of current research in the area.
The Forgotten Aspect of Communication: Principals’ Listening Skills
Authors: Woods Jerry , Shoho Alan R.
Published: August 2019

This study investigated principals’ self-perceptions and teachers’ perceptions of principals’ listening skills. An instrument measuring perception of listening skills was developed on the basis of four listening factors: attending, empathy, response, and trustworthiness. Factor analysis confirmed the structure of the new listening instrument, and reliability analysis produced acceptable Cronbach alphas. The results of the study supported the hypothesis that principals’ self-perceptions of their listening skills were higher than teachers’ perceptions of their principals’ listening skills.
Redefining Tradition in Education: Invoking an Ethic of Community
Authors: Bass Lisa
Published: August 2019

In this article I discuss the demographic shifts that have occurred in the United States, which have disrupted the traditional school environment. I contend that the changes have been so drastic that students who were once called traditional are now seldom seen in the school environment; whereas students once viewed nontraditional are becoming the norm. The implication is that school reform efforts should reflect the new traditional students seen in schools. The community school model is suggested as a comprehensive school reform measure. I conclude by discussing the importance of having school leaders who are equipped to lead community schools if they are to be effective at increasing student achievement.
School District Responsibilities in Addressing Parental Involvement in No Child Left Behind
Authors: Finch Kim S.
Published: August 2019

No Child Left Behind, Section 1118, Title I is devoted solely to parental involvement. Section 1118 requires school districts receiving Title I funds to develop and implement a written plan for parent involvement. Parental involvement is examined through teachers’ responses concerning their engagement of parents in student achievement. Results indicate that parental involvement decreases as students progress through school. District public relations departments and administrators have an obligation to develop a plan to train teachers in effectively working with parents, which will ultimately increase student achievement.