bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics Of Seed Production Energy Of Siberian Pine Forests Formed by Thinnings
Authors: Дебков Н.М. , Сидоренков В.М.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований по влиянию разных вариантов рубок ухода на динамику энергии семеношения кедровых насаждений. На основе многолетних данных установлена оптимальная интенсивность рубок ухода за насаждениями кедра сибирского с целью формирования кедросадов. По результатам экспериментальных исследований апробирована методика определения динамики семеношения кедра.

Study findings of various thinning impacts on dynamics of seed production energy of Siberian pine forests in sites located within mid-taiga subzone in the Khanty-Mansyisky autonomous district are presented. The experimental plots were laid in the 1980s of Tyumen FES in the territory of the «Islands» tract of the Khanty-Mansiysk forestry. Since the beginning of the experiments, about 35 years have passed and all experimental objects entered the generative phase. The results of studies on the creation of Siberian pine seed orchard showed the possibility of forming Siberian pine’s forests when cutting with the complete removal of trees of unwanted species. The optimal parameters of seed bearing are observed in plantations with minimal thickness. Congested Siberian pine’s forests have low rates of seed bearing. On the basis of long-term data, optimal options have been determined for the intensity of thinning care for Siberian pine’s forests in order to form seed orchards. According to the results of experimental studies, a method for determining the seed production dynamics was tested.
The Development of Biological Methods for the Protection of Trees and Shrubs Against Invasive Pests in Hungary
Authors: Мелика Дж.
Published: July 2024

Освещен опыт работ по разработке мер биологической защиты древесных пород от инвазивных вредителей в Венгрии. Показано, что при появлении нового дендрофильного инвайдера сначала необходимо детально изучить фауну его местных энтомофагов. Для защиты каштана посевного от восточной каштановой орехотворки наиболее успешным признано проведение интродукции специализированных энтомофагов, в частности Torymus sinensis. В результате его интродукции в Венгрию уровень паразитирования вредителя местами достигал более 90%, и вред от орехотворки был сведен к минимальному уровню.

New invading pests in Europe and particularly in Hungary, starting to be very common event, especially forest pests and those attacking parks and artificial plantations. Usually pesticide treatments are not enough effective against the invading species. Also many effective insecticides are strictly prohibited for use in parks and forests. Thus, research on their native parasitoid complexes and their regulative role is very important. In some cases, they can essentially regulate the population dynamics of those pests. During the last decades, research on parasitoid complexes of some important invaders and their effectiveness were evaluated in Hungary, especially what concern the parasitoid communities of some leaf-miners, the horse-chestnut miner Cameraria ohridella, and Parectopa robiniella and Macrosaccus robiniella on black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Another invading pest, the sweet chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus), a serious pest of chestnuts worldwide appeared in Hungary in 2013. During 2002-2015 parasitoid complexes were under investigation in many European countries and native Hymenoptera parasitoids were established on the new invading pest: in Italy – 39 species, in Slovenia – 28 species, in Croatia – 20 species. In Hungary in 2013, 11 native parasitoid species were found on D. kuriphilus, in 2015 the number of parasitoid species increased to 17. However, the parasitization rate of native parasitoids in Hungary prolong years was very low, 2.0–4.7%. Thus, the classical biological control of the sweet chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, by the introduced parasitoid Torymus sinensis was evaluated in Hungary and its introduction and multiple release to the chestnut stands appeared to be very successful. For the first time Torymus sinensis was introduced to Hungary in 2014 and later multiple releases in different parts of the country were made in 2015 and 2016. Effectiveness of the introduced parasitoid evaluated in 2017 showed very high percentage of parazitization. In many places the parazitization rate of Dryocosmus kuriphilus by Torymus sinensis was very high, from 70 up to 84.3–-92.9 %.
Comparative Analysis of the Under-Canopy Spruce Populations Structure in Birch Forests in Southern Taiga Subzone and Mixed Forests Zone of the Russian Plain
Authors: Дерюгин А.А. , Глазунов Ю.Б.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения демутационного процесса в 105-летних березняках с подпологовой популяцией ели в условиях хвойно-широколиственного и южно-таежного лесных районов. Рассмотрены возрастная и вертикальная структуры популяции ели, сделан вывод об отсутствии принципиальных различий в развитии подпологовой популяции ели в районах исследований.

Researches of recovery processes in natural post-disturbance birch forests with under-canopy spruce population are actual in connection with an increase in the area of ​​such stands, a decrease in the volume of tending felling in young stands, and insufficient knowledge of the process at the later stages of development of birch forests. The purpose of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the under-canopy spruce populations in birch forests, the age of which approaches age of natural maturity, for the conditions of the southern taiga and the mixed forests. The objects of research are birch forests at the age of 105 years with a under-canopy population of spruce. The works were carried out on permanent trial plots in the Moscow region, Mozhaisk district, and in the Yaroslavl region, Rybinsk district. For all the spruce trees age was determined, biometric characteristics were measured, the presence of rot was determined selectively when taking cores. It is established that the regeneration of spruce under the canopy of birch forests in the southern taiga and coniferous-broadleaved forest areas occurs according to similar scenarios. The basis of spruce trees formed under the canopy is a generation that appeared in birch forests under the age of 30 years. Another representative spruce generation appears when the birch trees reach the age of more than 70 years. By the beginning of the decay of birch forests (120 years), the spruce populations in these forest areas are characterized by approximately the same age and vertical structures. Despite some differences in the absolute values of the characteristics of spruce populations caused by the climatic conditions of growth, it can be stated that the process of natural spruce regeneration in the birch forests of the southern taiga and the mixed forests proceeds according to the same patterns determined primarily by the biological features of the growth and interaction of birch and spruce. Climatic conditions are of secondary importance. In these regions after decay of birch forests, low-density, low-productivity spruce forests with high probability are formed.
Floristic Features of Types of Birch Forests in the Northern Forest-Steppe of Western Siberia
Authors: Шишкин А.М. , Кулясова О.А. , Иванова Р.И.
Published: July 2024

Изучен флористический состав живого напочвенного покрова различных типов коренных березовых лесов на плакорах северной лесостепи Западной Сибири. Проведен анализ флоры по экологическим группам, отражающим влажность экотопов. Дана оценка хозяйственной ценности видов напочвенного покрова.

The article presents the results of studying the floristic composition of the living ground cover of native birch forests in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Despite the fact that the vegetation of birch forests of Western Siberia is given great attention [1-6], the flora of birch forests of different typological affiliations in the subzone of the northern forest-steppe remains insufficiently studied. The investigations were carried out on the territory of the Abatsky leskhoz of the Tyumen region in the middle-aged birch forests, unbroken by felling, with a density of 0.5-0.8. It is shown that in placer conditions, the largest proportion of birch forest formations occurs in the types of the mixed-herb group. Four types of birch forests have been identified, which, as the moisture content and soil wealth of ecotopes increase, can be arranged in the following range: wood-reed-berry, wood-reed-grass, cereal – grass and dropwort-cereal. Complete lists of species of grass cover are given, indicating their abundance on the Drude scale for each of the types of birch forests studied. It is shown that the floristic composition of the herbaceous tier of birch forests ranges from 56 names in dropwort-cereal, up to 88 species in cereal – grass type of forest. In all types of forests, the species of the mesophilic group predominate (76.6-80.8%), but with an increase in the dryness of the ecotope, the proportion of xeromesophytes increases (from 8.9% in the dropwort-cereal to 20.3% in the wood-reed-berry forest type) and with the increase in the humidity of the habitat, the share of hygromesophytes (up to 19.6% in the dropwort-cereal type of forest), which leads to a reduction in the participation of mesophytes in the composition of the live soil cover of birch forests. The grass cover in the types of forests studied is characterized by a rather high abundance of useful species, representing a potential resource for economic use. Among the economically valuable species of ground cover of birch forests, the following groups of useful plants can be distinguished: fodder, medicinal, food, honey, technical (dyeing, tanning, ethereal), decorative. In the wood-reed-berry type forest there are rare species listed in the Red Book of the Tyumen region – a Cypripedium macranthon and a Cypripedium calceolus.
Influence of Light of Different Spectral Range on Morphogenesis of Blackberry and Raspberry in vitro
Authors: Гудь Л.А. , Калашникова Е.А. , Тараканов И.Г.
Published: July 2024

Представлены результаты исследований по изучению влияния спектрального состава света на морфогенетический потенциал микропобегов малины (сорт Оранжевое чудо) и ежевики (сорт Black satin), культивируемых в условиях in vitro. Установлено, что микропобеги малины и ежевики с целью увеличения роста побегов целесообразно культивировать в условиях in vitro под светодиодными лампами синего спектра (СД-С) или чипом белым с люминофором (СД-ЧЛБ). Данные условия освещения оказывают положительное влияние и на коэффициент размножения, но только у ежевики.

The effect of the spectral composition of light on the morphogenetic potential of micro-shoots of raspberry (orange miracle variety) and BlackBerry (Black satin variety) was studied. The following lighting options are considered: 1) LEDs (SD)-red (wavelength = 660 nm); 2) SD-blue (wavelength = 444 nm); 3) high-pressure sodium lamp (NLVD) (wavelength = 602 nm); 4) SD-white (wavelength = 653 nm); 5) SD-CHLB (chip white with phosphor, chip-on-boat) (wavelength = 623 nm); 6) SD-green (wavelength = 515 nm). Control plants were grown in a light room, where white fluorescent lamps were used for illumination. It is established that the studied spectra have different effects on morphogenetic processes. So, to increase the growth of micro-run raspberry and Black Berry in vitro it is advisable to use led lamps of blue spectrum (SD-C) and white chip with phosphor (SD-CHLB).As for the increase in the multiplication factor, the most favorable conditions for the cultivation of microferenes for Black Berry were established using SD-blue and SD-CHLB, while for raspberry, none of the studied light spectra had a significant effect on the multiplication factor.
Modern Trends in Development of Satellite Imagery Interpretation
Authors: Сидоренков В.М. , Косицын В.Н. , Калнин В.В. , Кушнырь О.В. , Рыбкин А.С.
Published: July 2024

Приведен обзор современных методов в области лесотаксационного дешифрирования данных спутниковой съемки. На основе результатов анализа указаны преимущества и недостатки различных методических подходов в области лесотаксационного дешифрирования, рассматриваются практические примеры применения методов многомерного регрессионного анализа для получения таксационных показателей насаждений, произрастающих в разных природных условиях.

Development of forest inventory interpretation modern procedures shapes scientific background to get reliable information on forest stands. Previous study results proved an opportunity to interpret high and medium resolution satellite imagery forest valuation characteristics however considerable part of experimental work in this area is based on regional studies that does not enable universal methodology development. Solution to these issues is addressed in this paper that covers 3 year studies under the government Rosleshoz target Development of forest taxation and inventory modern procedures based on Earth remote sensing (ERS) data analysis. The study findings showed an opportunity to address forest inventory interpretation target with multidimensional regression analysis procedures and computerassisted learning as its application enabled identification of sample plot stand taxation indicators and its spectral reflectory characteristics interactions.
Analysis of State and Dynamics of Forests in Russian Federation
Authors: Паленова М.М. , Филипчук А.Н. , Страхов В.В. , Малышева Н.В. , Шалимова Е.М.
Published: July 2024

Представлены разработки отдела аналитических исследований в области информационноаналитического сопровождения, совершенствования системы управления лесами, формирования ключевых документов лесной политики, выявления актуальных и перспективных задач управления лесами, разработки стратегий, направленных на решение актуальных экологических проблем.

The article provides an overview of the scientific research of the Department Analytical Research of the State and Dynamics of Forests at the FBU VNIILM, which are related to various aspects of materials analysis and data on the state of forests and are aimed at improving information and analytical support for forest management at the federal and regional levels, decision support, and reporting on forest resources and forestry for executive authorities of the Russian Federation at all levels, the public and international forest organizations. The article provides examples of modern information technologies developed by employees of the department, which are necessary for the preparation of scientifically based management decisions.
Physiological Studies of Woody Plants
Authors: Молчанов А.Г.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения водного и светового режимов, а также углеродного баланса лесов в разных лесорастительных зонах, засухоустойчивости и теневыносливости разных пород деревьев. Построена математическая модель определения углеродного баланса разных пород в различных климатических условиях. Разработана методика оценки фотосинтетической продуктивности древостоев, основанная на зависимости КПД использования солнечной радиации на фотосинтез охвоенных или облиственных побегов и поглощения пологом древостоя солнечной радиации.

The Laboratory of Plant Physiology was founded at the Forest Institute in 1944 under the supervision of a member of correspondent USSR Academy of Sciences L.A. Ivanova. During this time, the laboratory studied the water, light conditions and carbon balance of the forest in different forest zones. The dependence of the number and spectral composition of PARs under the forest canopy on the throughput of the canopy of the forest stand was investigated. The physiological mechanism of drought tolerance of trees in the steppe zone has been studied. It has been shown that there are various ways of adapting tree species to drought. The joint existence of species with different types of adaptation of trees to arid conditions (for example, oak, fluffy ash and small-leaved elm) reduces the life of plantings. Artificial shading studied the effect of light deficiency on growth, leaf anatomy and carbon metabolism in seedlings of different species and revealed a physiological mechanism shade tolerance. The intensity of the processes of carbon metabolism photosynthesis and respiration of various organs of trees (leaves, branches of different ages, trunk, growth and sucking roots) and their dependence on external conditions were studied. The carbon balance of individual leaves, branches, trees and stands was calculated under different weather conditions. The crown structure of several tree species was studied, the carbon balance of branches of different ages, and their lifespan. A mathematical model of the carbon balance of different species is constructed, and on this basis the possibility of the existence of a forest depending on the climate is calculated. Ecological and physiological studies were conducted (root respiration and photosynthesis of pine and birch). A methodology has been developed for assessing photosynthetic productivity based on the dependence of the efficiency of the use of absorbed solar radiation on the photosynthesis of covered or leafy shoots and the absorption of solar radiation by the canopy. It was found that forestry and photosynthetic productivity differ only slightly in these methods. It was found that the stands of pine and birch growing in optimal forest conditions have almost the same productivity. Estimates of the effect of moisture deficiency in seedlings of tree species under the canopy of wood stand.
Forestry Experience in Raising Larch Cultures in the Center of Russian Plain
Authors: Мерзленко М.Д. , Мельник П.Г. , Глазунов Ю.Б. , Кузнецова С.Л.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрен длительный опыт интродукции лиственницы европейской в центре европейской части России. Отмечен высокий лесоводственный эффект при создании лесных культур лиственницы европейской разными приемами и в различных условиях местопроизрастания. Определен возраст естественной спелости лесных культур лиственницы европейской в Московской обл. Видовое и формовое разнообразие лиственниц позволяет создавать искусственные леса, соответствующие целевому назначению, в том числе и для получения высоких объемов стволовой древесины.

On the basis of 50-year studies, the experience of growing european larch in forest cultures of K. F. Tyurmer in Moscow and Vladimir regions and in Nikolskaya forest estate in the North-East of Moscow is analyzed. Cultures were grown by various methods using different schemes of mixing species. The results of long-term studies of these cultures are presented. Until the age of 30-40 years larch is significantly inferior in the growth rate of pine, and later ahead of it. Intensive tending of plantation at a young is required to maintain larch in mixed plantations with pine. In the future, larch inhibits pine and gradually almost completely replaces it, forming high-performance larch stands. In the forest cultures of K. F. Tyurmer in the Moscow region at the age of 130-150 years, we had a large stock of larch trees on permanent sample plots (PSP). After 150 years, the stock of plantings begins to decline, the main reason is the windthrow, due to the abnormal height of the plantings. At the age of 130-150 years of culture reach natural maturity. On average, the largest stand volume of larch on PSPs was equal to 1140 m3per ha, and in general for plantations 1265 m3per ha. Spruce forms the second layer, the stock of which varies from 28 to 197 m3per ha and an average of 112 m3per ha. The standing volume of survived pine trees does not exceed 37 m3/ha and on average is 13 m3per ha. The maximum volume of larch is 1497 m3per ha, while the total one of the stand was 1543 m3per ha. Due to the large species and form diversity of larch, there are wide opportunities for creating crops with desired properties in forests of various purposes. This requires further research both to identify the most highly productive provenances and populations, and to establish the natural and technical maturity of larch forest cultures of a certain purpose.
Assessment of Growth and Development in the Arctic Arctic Bramble (Rubus articus L.) with Application of Mineral Fertilizers
Authors: Тяк Г.В. , Курлович Л.Е. , Тяк А.В.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения влияния припосадочного иповторных внесений минеральных удобрений на рост, развитие иплодоношение растений княженики арктической (Rubus articus L.). Установлена оптимальная доза повторного внесения удобрений.

The reason for investigation of the cultivation of Arctic raspberry is the exhaustion of its natural stock. The first works on growing of this species in Russia dates back to the year 1860. Later some small experiments with this species were produced in the middle of XX century. More intensive work with it was held since the 60s of the last century in Finland and Sweden. They are working on selecting of new cultivars of this species. Studies conducted to date show the prospective of the introduction of this valuable berry plant. The experiments of cultivating of Arctic raspberry on depleted peat deposits were started on the Central European Forest Experiment Station in 2005. Arctic raspberry is relatively new species in culture. So, some issues on its growing on peat substrates, including the use of mineral fertilizers, are still insufficiently developed. The article addressed the issues of the use of mineral fertilizers in plantings of the Arctic raspberry on depleted peat depositof intermediate type. The repeated use of mineral fertilizers stimulates growth, development and fruiting of the plants. The optimal dosage of the fertilizers during repeated use is N30P30K30.
A Large-Scale Shoot Blight in Young Plantations of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Moscow Region
Authors:  Шишкина А.А. ,  Шишкина А.А. ,  Некляев С.Э.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения массового усыхания побегов сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) в лесных культурах I класса возраста, которое было зафиксировано в лесничествах Московской обл. в 2017 г. Подобных масштабных поражений молодняков сосны в регионе ранее не наблюдалось. По результатам фитопатологического исследования было установлено, что болезнь вызвана грибами Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton и Sclerophoma pithya (Sacc.) Died. Возникновению эпифитотии способствовал комплекс факторов: погодные условия последних лет, скопление большого числа восприимчивых растений – значительные площади монокультур сосны, созданных на горельниках 2010 г., а также запас инфекции на пораженных участках.

The article presents the results of the study of a large-scale shoot blight of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), revealed in forest cultures of the 1st class of age in the Moscow region in 2017. The authors provide data on the total recorded area of affected plantations at the end of 2018 (1991,9 hа). Previously such cases of a wide scale affection of pine in the region had not been reported. The main part of the article describes the disease symptoms and the results of the plant condition assessment in the affected young plantations. There is a high incidence of diseased plants (on the average above 90%). The condition of forest cultures is estimated as weakened, however, the death of plants as a result of the disease is noted in rare cases. The greatest harm consists in the loss of the main leader shoot, the deformation of stems, the formation of bushy crowns. According to the results of laboratory diagnostics with the mycological method of the wet chamber and subsequent microscopy of the formed sporulation, as well as by DNA analysis, the main causative agent of the disease is the fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea Dyko & B. Sutton. The pathogen develops in conjunction with the causative agent of shoot and needle blight, Sclerophoma pithya (Sacc.) Died., and a number of other species that are less widespread. The article also provides an analysis of the conditions that contribute to the emergence of epidemic. The authors concluded that a number of factors (a large quantity of infection, accumulation of susceptible plants in large areas and favorable weather conditions for pathogens) had contributed to the development of the disease. At the end of the article the authors conclude that currently in the Moscow region there is a local epidemic of Sphaeropsis and Sclerophoma shoot blight of Scots pine in forest cultures of the 1st class of age. In conclusion, the authors note that to predict the development of the disease and plan scientifically-based protective measures, it is important to study the biological and ecological characteristics of the pathogenic fungi in the Moscow region. [1] Сообщение на сайте ФБУ Рослесозащита за 2013 г.
Experience in Conducting the GIL of the Russian Federation and Improving the National Forest Inventory in the Second Cycle
Authors: Бердов А.М. , Федоров С.В. , Приставко А.А. , Манович В.Н. , Малахова Е.Г.
Published: July 2024

Проанализированы результаты первого цикла государственной инвентаризации лесов (ГИЛ). Обоснована необходимость совершенствования действующей методики проведения ГИЛ. На основе выполненных исследований сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию методики работ второго и последующего циклов ГИЛ. Предложения включают переход на регулярную сеть размещения постоянных пробных площадей на основе нового районирования территории России, отказ от использования данных лесоустройства, применение данных дистанционного зондирования Земли.

The article examines the methodical aspects of the first cycle of the National Forest Inventory (NFI) of forests and other wooded land of the Russian Federation. It also includes the critical analysis of the current method, which utilize the permanent sample plots on the stratified sample base. Further, the paper discusses the use of the forest management planning documentation as the basis for stratification and its impact on the national forest inventory results, including characteristics of the total standing volume. The article proposes an alternative to the present method, with the application of a regular grid of permanent inventory plot method.The proposed regular grid of permanent inventory plot methodis based on a hexagon which when projected on to the Earth’s surface negates the distortion of the projection. Further, the article proposes to divide all forests of Russian Federation into three zones with different threshold values of error of total determination of standing volume on the following principles: completeness of implementation of activities of conservation and protection of forests; share of usage of the allowable final cut; share of leased forest areas in the total area of forest districts; length of roads per1 000 ha of the area of forests. The authors proposed the change of the scheme of permanent sample plots. They propose the usage of the 68 percent confidence probability for the calculation of the total standing volume. For hard-to-reach forests, the authors suggested to conduct RussianNFI using remote sensing data as well as making test plots based on the training classification. The authors provide calculations of the constant trial plot number for repeated examinations in the NFI second cycle and the number of permanent sample plots. In conclusion, itis noted that the alternative method, proposed in this article,assures continuation and optimal use of the results of the first cycle of the Russian NFI and provides solid basis for the next and the following onesreduces the economic cost of the working process and enhances the quality of the results.
All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology Development of Genetics and Selection Methods to Increase Forest Productivity
Authors: Корчагин О.М. , Семёнов М.А. , Вариводина И.Н. , Камалов Р.М. , Кострикин В.А. , Царев В.А. , Спицына В.И.
Published: July 2024

Представлена история становления института и основные направления работ ВНИИЛГИСбиотех за 50 лет научной и производственной деятельности. Основное внимание уделено инновационным разработкам и перспективам развития института.

The article presents the history of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, the principal directions of its activity through over 50 years of scientific and production work. It focuses on innovations and the development perspective of the Institute. The Institute’s priority research areas are forest genetics and biotechnology. The Institute scientists were among the first in Russia to conduct research on the tissue culture methods for the plants genetic diversity and their future genetic improvement. The Institute has developed clonal micropropagation techniques for valuable tree biotypes, they have been put into forestry practice and are now 18 – 26 years old. Also, the Institute has developed the long-term in vitro storage method with the use of hormone-free nutrient solutions for valuable deciduous tree species. Based on this method, in 1991 our scientists began to create the collection of deciduous tree plants, which currently includes more than 70 clones of valuable, resistant, and fast-growing birch, poplar, aspen and willow genotypes. Throughout its existence the Institute has established a large experimental facility which includes seed plantations of Scots pine, pedunculate oak and other species. All experimental units are being closely monitored. Through over 50 years of scientific work we have developed the multi-year breeding program, selected the economically valuable clones and forms, obtained and patented new varieties of tree species. Our scientists are now focused on obtaining new genotypes of forest trees, increasing productivity and selective value of the main forest-forming species, studying their ecological and genetic parameters, creating new breeding facilities, conserving the plant genetic resources, etc.
Conceptual Bases of Forest Management in the Cedar-Deciduous Forests of the Far East, in the Amur Tiger Habitat
Authors: Ковалев А.П. , Алексеенко А.Ю. , Лашина Е.В.
Published: July 2024

Предлагаются концептуальные подходы по ведению лесного хозяйства в хвойно-широколиственных лесах Дальнего Востока – ареале обитания амурского тигра. Продемонстрирована уникальность и нестандартность этой формации как по составу и разнообразию растительности, так и по возрастной структуре составляющих её древостоев. Обоснована необходимость организации здесь многоцелевого комплексного хозяйства с рациональным использованием древесины, пищевых, недревесных и лекарственных ресурсов.

The article considers conceptual approaches to forest management in the cedar-broadleaf and derived forests of the Far East in the Amur tiger distribution zone. The main provisions of the concept for the organization of multi-purpose integrated management based on the principles of continuous and sustainable use are defined. An argument is made about the need for only selective logging in coniferous-broadleaf forests (CSHL) and the features of logging of valuable hardwoods, as well as planning and conducting logging of forest care. The necessity of prohibiting the cutting of the main far Eastern trees – honeybees of three types of Linden – Amur, Manchurian and Taka is justified [1]. The high value and variety of food non-wood products and medicinal plants in coniferous and broad-leaved forests, which by gross value significantly exceed wood products, is shown [2]. According to the structure and diversity of the plant and animal world, all the main uses of forests can be combined in a complex WAY, from logging, non-wood resources to hunting, agriculture and recreational activities. The renewal of tree species in the Amur tiger’s area is proceeding very successfully in a natural way. The need to create artificial landings is low. The proposed conceptual framework for forest management in the Amur tiger habitat allows not only to preserve the unique cedar forests, but also to organize complex farms with the rational use of wood pulp and all food, medicinal and non-wood resources.
Approaches to Comparative Assessment of Russian Forests Burn
Authors: Головина А.Н. , Иванов В.А.
Published: July 2024

На основе статистических данных о лесных пожарах проведен сравнительный анализ частоты пожаров и горимости на землях лесного фонда России с показателями горимости лесов других стран бореальной зоны.

The article compares the burning of forests in different countries of the world located in the boreal climatic zone. Since Russia occupies the largest area in the world, and of course is the leader in the reserve of many natural resources. One of them is the forest, the stock of which is about 20 % of the world. This issue is relevant in connection with foreign criticism aimed at the Russian Federation on forest management, namely fire-fighting forest plantations. Statements about fire data, considering that they are significantly underestimated due to” political reasons”, in General, fire management policy is not clear, inefficient and opaque. And attempted to extinguish fires think it is not appropriate. As a result of the analysis, the countries were selected for comparison by similar criteria, these are the countries of North America, the USA and Canada, the countries of Europe did not fit out of a number of features described in the article. For comparison, the given indicators (frequency and Flammability) are selected, which provide a more accurate comparison of countries, because it is necessary to take into account the different area occupied by forest plantations. After, the data must be correctly interpreted using the scale of the assessment of the burning. Data for the calculation of indicators (horimoto and frequency) were taken from the official documents. Many sites provide similar information, but without reference to the source. According to the results of the calculations, the average values of frequency and Flammability, and the average area of one fire were obtained. As a result, we can say that the criticism of foreign media, experts, environmentalists is not confirmed in the study.
Rooting in vitro Culture and Adaptation of Marsh Cranberry (Oxycoccus palustris Pers.) to Non-sterile Conditions
Authors: Макаров С.С. , Родин С.А. , Кузнецова И.Б. , Макеева Г.Ю. , Макеев В.А.
Published: July 2024

В статье приводятся данные по процессу корнеобразования клюквы болотной в культуре in vitro и ее адаптации к нестерильным условиям. Выявлено благоприятное влияние добавления в питательную среду препарата Экогель в концентрации 0,5 мг/л на процесс ризогенеза клюквы болотной in vitro. Установлена более высокая приживаемость растений при адаптации растений к нестерильным условиям in vivo на субстрате из верхового торфа.

One of the most valuable forest crops is marsh cranberry (Oxycoccus palustris Pers.) The article presents data on the adaptation of marsh cranberries to non-sterile conditions, as well as the effect of BMI auxin and Ecogel at the stage of plant rooting in vitro. The research was conducted on the variety of marsh cranberry Dar Kostroma and hybrid 1-15-635. As a result of research, it was found that with an increase in the nutrient medium concentration of AUXIN BMI from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l, the number of marsh cranberry roots increased on average in the Dar Kostroma variety from 2.4 to 2.7 PCs, and in the hybrid 1-15-635 from 2.1 to 2.4 PCs. When ecogel was added to the Nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l, the number of roots on average reached 3.1 PCs, and without Ecogel it was only 1.7 PCs. It was also noted that the average length of marsh cranberry roots with an increase in the concentration of BMI auxin and the presence of Ecogel in the nutrient medium increased in the Dar Kostroma variety from 1.5 to 2.0 cm, in the 1-15-635 hybrid from 1.3 to 1.5 cm, while without Ecogel it decreased from 1.0 to 0.9 cm and from 1.1 to 0.8 cm, respectively. Adding Ecogel to the nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l increased the average length of cranberry roots by an average of 1.8 times. The total length of marsh cranberry roots, with an increase in the concentration of BMI auxin and the presence of Ecogel in the nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l, increased in the Dar Kostroma variety from 5.1 to 6.0 cm, and in the hybrid 1-15-635 from 4.1 to 4.4 cm, without Ecogel – decreased from 2.6-3.1 to 2.5 cm.
Functional Connections of Morphometric Characteristics of Spruce Treesof the Sub-Canopy Populationin Birch Forests of the Southern Taiga
Authors: Дерюгин А.А. Дерюгин А.А. , Глазунов Ю.Б. Глазунов Ю.Б.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрена возможность установления в статике зависимостей между морфометрическими характеристиками популяции деревьев ели под пологом березняков южной тайги, находящихся в стадии возмужания и зрелости. Наличие и тесноту связи между показателями устанавливали методом парной корреляции, который позволяет выявить связь между двумя параметрами на фоне воздействия других. Уравнения связи принимали в случае, если коэффициент детерминации R2 ≥ 0,60. При меньшем значении модель не рассматривалась. Установленные зависимости подразделяются на три группы: связи характеристик ствола; связи морфометрических характеристик с возрастом; связи между параметрами крон и стволов. В статье приведены конкретные уравнения регрессии, которые могут применяться при проведении исследований в подпологовых популяциях ели; при этом целесообразно выбирать уравнения, характеризующиеся более высокими значениями коэффициента детерминации и меньшими значениями ошибок аппроксимации.

The article considers the possibility of establishing a static relationship between the morphometric characteristics and the age of trees of the spruce population under the canopy of birch forests of the southern taiga, which are at the stage of maturation and maturity. The relationship analysis was based on measurements on 581 spruce trees. The measurements were performed only on normal (healthy) trees with no visible damage. The established dependencies are subdivided into three groups: connections of the characteristics of the trunk; connection of morphometric characteristics with age; connection between the parameters of crowns and trunks. The article presents specific regression equations that can be used, when conducting research in populations under the cnopy of spruce, while it is advisable to choose equations characterized by higher values of the de-termination coefficient and lower values of approximation errors.
Scientific Substantiation of the Toolkit of Economic Motivation for the Full Development of the Allowable Cut in Leased Forest Areas
Authors: Голотовская А.В. , Дегтев В.В. , Корякин В.А.
Published: July 2024

На основе анализа освоения расчетной лесосеки в субъектах Российской Федерации и конкретными арендаторами, использующими леса для заготовки древесины, изучения теоретических и практических аспектов экономической мотивации к рациональному поведению организаций сформулирована необходимость научного обоснования инструментария экономической мотивации к полному освоению расчетной лесосеки на арендованных лесных участках. Предложено ввести и осуществлять на постоянной основе мониторинг полноты освоения расчетной лесосеки на уровне страны, субъекта Российской Федерации и конкретного арендатора лесного участка. Предложенный инструментарий экономической мотивации к полному освоению расчетной лесосеки при использовании лесов на арендованных лесных участках может найти применение при подготовке нормативных и правовых актов Федеральным агентством лесного хозяйства и Министерством природных ресурсов и экологии Российской Федерации. В случае введения предлагаемой авторами системы стимулирующих мер государство как собственник и арендодатель ресурса в любом случае получит поступления в бюджетную систему либо от штрафов, либо от налогов по всем видам деятельности, так или иначе связанной с заготовкой древесины, а также с производством изделий из нее.

Based on a thorough analysis of the development of the allowable cut in the subjects of the Russian Federation and specific tenants using forests for timber harvesting, as well as the study of theoretical and practical aspects of economic motivation for the rational behavior of organizations, the need for a scientific justification of the toolkit of economic motivation for the full development of the allowable cut is formulated leased forest areas. It is proposed to introduce and carry out on an ongoing basis monitoring of the completeness of the allowable cut as a whole, the subject of the Russian Federation and a specific lessee of a forest plot for timber harvesting. The proposed toolkit of economic motivation for the full development of the allowable cut on leased forest plots can find application in the preparation of regulatory and legal acts in terms of forest use by the Federal Forestry Agency and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation. In the case of the introduction of the proposed system of material well-being, in any case, the receipt of tax revenues into the budget system, either from taxes, or from tax proceeds for all types of activities or otherwise by harvesting wood, as well as by the production of products from it.
The Use of Modern Growth-Promoting Eco-Preparations for Microclonal Propagation of Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.)
Authors: Чудецкий А.И. , Заушинцена А.В. , Родин С.А. , Кузнецова И.Б. , Клевцов Д.Н.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований по культивированию in vitro брусники обыкновенной (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) сортов Костромская розовая, Костромичка и Koralle с использованием питательной среды Андерсона (AN), в том числе в вариантах с разбавленным в 2 и 4 раза минеральным составом. В качестве росторегулирующих веществ использовали цитокинин 2-iP в концентрациях 1,0 и 2,0 мг/л, ауксины ИМК и ИУК в концентрациях 1,0 и 2,0 мг/л; в качестве стимуляторов роста - растворы препаратов Циркон в концентрации 0,5 мл/л и HB-101 в концентрации 0,1 мл/л. В результате исследований получены следующие данные. На этапе «собственно микроразмножение» максимальная суммарная длина побегов брусники обыкновенной (8,1-8,4 см) отмечена на питательной среде AN при концентрации цитокинина 2-iP 0,2 мг/л и добавлении стимулятора роста HB-101 0,1 мл/л. На этапе «укоренение микропобегов» максимальная суммарная длина корней брусники обыкновенной in vitro (9,6-10,8 см) зафиксирована при концентрации в питательной среде ауксина ИУК 2,0 мг/л и добавки препарата HB-101 в концентрации 0,1 мл/л. Добавление в питательную среду стимулятора роста HB-101 в концентрации 0,1 мл/л способствовало увеличению (в 1,4-1,6 раза) суммарной длины микропобегов и корней брусники.

The results of studies on the cultivation of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) of Kostromskaya rozovaya, Kostromichka and Koralle cultivars in vitro using Anderson’s nutrient medium with various dilutions of the mineral composition. Growth-regulating substances are 2-iP cytokinin at concentrations of 1.0-2.0 mg/l, IBA and IAA auxins at concentrations of 1.0-2.0 mg/l; growth stimulants are solutions of preparations Zircon at a concentration of 0.5 ml/l and HB-101 at a concentration of 0.1 ml/l. The maximum total length of lingonberry shoots (8.1-8.4 cm) at the “actual micropropagation” stage is noted on AN nutrient medium at a cytokinin 2-iP concentration of 0.2 mg/l and the addition of growth stimulator HB-101 0.1 ml/l. The maximum total length of lingonberry roots in vitro (9.6-10.8 cm) at the “rooting of microshoots” stage is noted at a concentration of auxin IAA in the nutrient medium of 2.0 mg/l and the addition of HB-101 at a concentration of 0.1 ml/l. The addition of the growth stimulator HB-101 at a concentration of 0.1 ml/l to the nutrient medium contributed to an increase (by 1.4-1.6 times) in the total length of lingonberry microshoots and roots compared to the control.
Problems of Conservation and Reproduction of Karelian Birch in Central Russia
Authors: Багаев Е.С. , Чудецкий А.И.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены лесоводственно-биологические особенности березы карельской - уникальной формы березы повислой рода Веtula, получившей широкую известность благодаря узорчатой древесине высокой художественной ценности. Приведена краткая история изучения и разведения березы карельской в Центральной России. Особое внимание уделено проблеме сохранения и воспроизводства генофонда этой ценной формы березы, которая по ряду причин (нерегламентированные рубки, отсутствие естественного возобновления, низкая конкурентоспособность и др.) находится на грани исчезновения. В 2021 г. проведено обследование сохранившихся естественных насаждений, опытно-производственных культур и постоянных лесосеменных участков березы карельской в Костромском лесничестве Костромской обл. Установлено, что и в естественных, и в искусственных насаждениях деревья высокоствольной форм наиболее жизнеспособны и имеют наибольшие биометрические показатели. Деревья кустовидной и короткоствольной формы наименее жизнеспособны, отстают в росте, испытывают угнетение, при отсутствии лесоводственных уходов попадают под полог леса и усыхают. Сделаны выводы о необходимости продолжения исследований ценных форм березы в местах ее естественного произрастания и в сохранившихся лесных культурах, проведения их инвентаризации, а также придания природоохранного статуса ее местообитаниям.

The article presents the silvicultural and biological features of Karelian birch, a unique form of white birch in the genus Betula, which is widely known for its patterned wood of high artistic value. A brief history of the study and cultivation of Karelian birch in Central Russia is given. Particular attention is paid to the problem of conservation and reproduction of the gene pool of this valuable form of birch, which for a number of reasons (unregulated logging, lack of natural regeneration, low competitiveness, etc.) is on the verge of extinction. A survey of preserved natural plantations, experimental crops and permanent forest seed plots of Karelian birch was carried out in the Kostroma forestry of the Kostroma region in 2021. Tall-stemmed forms are the most viable and have the largest sizes both in natural and artificial stands. Bushy and short-stemmed forms are the least viable, lag behind in growth, experience oppression, its fall under the forest canopy and dry out in the absence of silvicultural care. Conclusions are drawn about the need to continue research on valuable forms of birch in places of its natural growth and in preserved forest plantations, as well as to conduct an inventory and protect the habitats of valuable forms of birch as a habitat for valuable and rare plant species.