bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roberto Gerhard y el ballet Don Quixote
Authors: Walshaw Trevor
Published: March 2021

Roberto Gerhard consideró siempre la novela de Cervantes, Don Quijote de la Mancha, «como su Biblia», según narra su amigo David Drew; resulta, además, muy significativo que cuando Gerhard marchara al exilio, al final de la Guerra Civil, una de las primeras obras que compusiera estuviera basada precisamente en esta novela. Gerhard recreó la obra de Cervantes de tal forma que sugiere que su línea de pensamiento estaba en sintonía con las de filósofos como Miguel de Unamuno, Ortega y Gasset y Salvador de Madariaga, los cuales usaban la novela como medio para interpretar los problemas de España en época de crisis. Unamuno fue el primero que creó su propio quijotismo en 1905; le siguieron Ortega y Gasset en 1914 y Madariaga en 1926. La novela de Cervantes (o Benengeli) fue reinterpretada en la obra de estos y otros pensadores hasta adquirir los atributos de un mito antiguo. La evidencia de la relación de Gerhard con los escritores seleccionados está basada en que el hecho de que poseía sus libros y en que las ideas de sus trabajos aparecen y desaparecen del argumento del ballet, a través de lo que, junto a la música, articula su propio quijotismo mediante un sistema serial creado para el propio ballet. La expresión del catolicismo se evoca a través de la aparición de Dulcinea en el paso de Semana Santa y en el uso del cantus firmus. En la creación del ballet, por lo tanto, Gerhard añadió más conceptos mitológicos (y filosóficos) a los héroes de Cervantes de los ya acumulados, incluyendo la posibilidad de que Sancho, junto con Rocinante, adquieran un papel de mayor protagonismo.
Objektdetektion in Bestleistung
Authors: Holm Kristina , Freudig Christian
Published: March 2021

Hohe Reichweiten, kleiner Lichtfleck, konstante Performance über ihre gesamte Lebensdauer – Sensoren mit Lasertechnologie bieten im Vergleich mit ihren LED-Pendants eine Reihe von Leistungsvorteilen. Mit unterschiedlichen Baugrößen, Schaltabständen und Detektionsprinzipien für verschiedene Einsatzzwecke und Montagesituationen lösen moderne Lasersensoren eine Vielzahl anspruchsvoller Applikationen.
Großformate mit dem richtigen Dreh produzieren
Authors: Müller Armin
Published: March 2021

Für die präzise Fertigung der Strukturbauteile von Flugzeugen hat die MSB GmbH & Co. KG ein Werkstückträgersystem und einen Schwenktisch der Dimension „XXL“ projektiert. Das System führt die bis zu zehn Meter langen Aluminiumblöcke unter anderem einem Hochleistungs-Bearbeitungszentrum zu. Die vier Synchronantriebe des Schwenktischs wurden mit Zahnkranzsegmenten und Präzisions-Planetengetrieben der Redex SA realisiert.
Vorstoß in neue Dimensionen
Authors: Reichel Ina
Published: March 2021

Ein Werkzeug- und Maschinenbauer investiert in eine neue Anlage für den Spritzgießwerkzeugbau bis zu 20 Tonnen Gewicht und setzt dabei auf innovative Frästechnik. Realisiert wird damit die Fein- und Finish-Bearbeitung von Spritzgießwerkzeugen mit hoher Oberflächengüte.
Gestaltfestigkeit von hypotrochoiden Polygon-Welle-Nabe-Verbindungen/Fatigue strength of hypotrochoidal polygon-shaft-hub connections
Authors: Vetter Sebastian , Leidich Erhard , Hasse Alexander
Published: March 2021

Inhalt Durch neuartige effiziente Fertigungsverfahren gewinnen Polygon-Welle-Nabe-Verbindungen (P-WNV) mit hypotrochoiden Profilformen zunehmend an Bedeutung gegenüber Press- und Passfederverbindungen. Aufgrund der Exzentrizität des Polygonprofils liegt ein Formschluss im Kontakt der P-WNV vor. Daraus resultiert die Möglichkeit, hohe statische Drehmomente zu übertragen. In antriebstechnischen Anwendungen treten statische Drehmomente oft in Kombination mit Umlaufbiegebeanspruchungen auf. Daher fokussiert dieser Beitrag auf die bisher nicht rechnerisch ermittelbare Gestaltfestigkeit von P-WNV. Mit Hilfe experimenteller und numerischer Untersuchungen wird ein Vorschlag für ein örtliches Berechnungskonzept auf Basis der Modifizierten Mohr-Mises-Hypothese abgeleitet.
Absolutpositionierung in Galvanikanlagen
Authors: Karch Markus
Published: March 2021

Bei der galvanischen Beschichtung wird – schon aus Gründen des Arbeitsschutzes – ein hoher Automatisierungsgrad angestrebt. Mit einem Absolut-Positioniersystem können die Werkstückträger ohne menschlichen Eingriff durch die Anlage gesteuert werden. Die Sensortechnik muss dabei den aggressiven Säuren und Laugen dauerhaft widerstehen können. Ihre Funktion darf zudem nicht von Dämpfen, Anhaftungen und Verschmutzung beeinträchtigt werden. Mit seinem robusten Aufbau und der Schutzart IP69 erfüllt ein optisches Weg-Codier-System die besonderen Anforderungen solcher Anlagen.
Entwicklung eines Jedermann-Laserscanners
Authors: Vollrath Klaus
Published: March 2021

Bei Entwicklungsprojekten technischer Produkte geht es meist um eher kleine Fortschritte im Vergleich zum Vorgängermodell. Der Laserscanner BLK 360 vom Schweizer Präzisionsgeräte-Hersteller Leica Geosystems ist dagegen ein sogenanntes disruptives Produkt, weil er eine Kombination von Eigenschaften bietet, die dem Marktstandard weit voraus sind. Einen wichtigen Beitrag zur erfolgreichen Realisierung des völlig neu konzipierten Messgerätes leistete auch der Hochpräzisions-Bearbeitungsspezialist Polymeca.
Energieeinsparung ist schön und gut – Produktivität essentiell
Authors: Hövelmann Hans
Published: March 2021

Alle reden vom Energiesparen, auch in der Antriebstechnik. Doch seien wir ehrlich: Was machen schon einige hundert eingesparte Kilowattstunden im Jahr für ein produzierendes Unternehmen aus? Für Maschinenbauer und -nutzer sind Faktoren wie störungsfreier Betrieb, hohe Taktzahlen oder Unabhängigkeit von Netzschwankungen die wichtigeren Faktoren. Genau das leisten die Energiemanagementsysteme der Michael Koch GmbH.
Schaltschrankbau gemeinsam gestalten
Authors: Schreiber Andreas
Published: March 2021

Eine durchgängige Prozesskette ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für mehr Effizienz und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit im Schaltschrankbau. Entlang dieser Prozesskette gibt es zahlreiche Potenziale für den Einsatz von Methoden der Automatisierung und Digitalisierung. Der ostwestfälische Anbieter Phoenix Contact sorgt durch sein umfassendes Angebot dafür, dass Nutzer diese Potenziale heben können.
Edle Karosserien durch Ultraschallschweißen
Authors: Timmerberg Robert
Published: March 2021

Um die hohen Anforderungen namhafter Automobilhersteller auch für kleine und mittlere Serien erfüllen zu können, ist Kompetenz und Know-how erforderlich. Ein Komponentenfertiger setzt für die Verbindung von kritischen Kunststoffteilen die Ultraschallschweißanlagen eines Partnerunternehmens ein.
Technische Bürsten schaffen Struktur
Authors: Moselweiß Julius
Published: March 2021

Die mechanische Oberflächenbearbeitung moderner Verbundwerkstoffe stellt mitunter sehr spezielle Anforderungen an die dafür eingesetzten Werkzeuge. Ein sehr aktuelles Beispiel dafür ist das Finishing der Oberflächen von Halbzeugen aus sogenannten Wood Polymer Composites. Hier haben sich technische Bürstensysteme bewährt.
Flexibilität und Handlungstempo gefragt
Authors: Großjohann Gerhard
Published: March 2021

Die Abrechnung von Strom aus Windkraftanlagen und Windparks ist aufgrund verschiedener Anlagentypen, gemischter Besitzverhältnisse und volatiler Laufzeiten technisch und organisatorisch hochkomplex. Quadra Energy, Spezialist für die Direktvermarktung von Windstrom, hat mit „Utilities in a box“ von ArcMind eine Software gefunden, die den Spagat aus individueller Konfiguration und Massenprozesstauglichkeit schafft.
„Das achte Gateway ist das schwerste“
Authors: Unger Christian , Elies Micha
Published: March 2021

Ende Februar 2020 trat die Markterklärung des Bundesamts für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik in Kraft. Damit begann nach vielen Verzögerungen der Smart-Meter-Rollout in Deutschland. Alle am Rollout beteiligten Unternehmen hatten diesen Zeitpunkt lang herbeigesehnt und die Prozesse entsprechend geübt. Ob das jedoch ausgereicht hat, diese komplett neue Infrastruktur auch in der Praxis reibungslos in Betrieb zu nehmen, hat BWK im Gespräch mit Micha Elies, Leiter Operations, und Christian Unger, Leiter Services beim Berliner Full-Service-Anbieter für die Smart-Meter-Gateway-Administration GWAdriga erfahren.
Potenziale voll ausschöpfen
Authors: Weber Florian
Published: March 2021

Verantwortliche in der Windenergiewirtschaft sowie Anlagenbetreiber stehen zum Ende der Entwurfslebensdauer ihrer Windenergieanlagen vor der Entscheidung: Rückbau, Repowering oder Weiterbetrieb. Lebensdauerreserven ermöglichen häufig, auch über das Ende der EEG-Förderung hinaus, einen wirtschaftlichen Weiterbetrieb. TÜV Süd erläutert, wie das dafür notwendige Gutachten schnell und einfach zu erstellen ist.
Видовой состав сорных растений в агрофитоценозах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных областях: Ленинградской (Северо-Западный регион) и Липецкой (Центрально-Черноземный регион)
Authors: Лунева Н. Н.
Published: March 2021

Цель исследования – выявление различий в видовом составе сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных регионах (СЗР и ЦЧР). Произведен сравнительный анализ данных обследования 30 полей зерновых культур в ряде районов Ленинградской области в 2014-2016 гг. и 29 полей в районах Липецкой области в 2016-2018 гг., осуществленных по оригинальной методике автора. Использованы традиционные методы флористического анализа, а также распределение видов по классам постоянства встречаемости. Различия между сегетальными элементами флоры зерновых культур двух областей заключаются в более высоких показателях флористического богатства и таксономического разнообразия в Ленинградской области, а также различной очередностью семейств в первых двух «триадах» сравниваемых флористических спектров. Более глубокие отличия заключаются не только в наличии дифференциальных видов (63 вида в посевах зерновых культур только в Ленинградской области и 45 видов в посевах зерновых только в Липецкой области), но и в разных показателях встречаемости одинаковых видов, засоряющих посевы зерновых культур в обоих регионах. К более высоким классам постоянства встречаемости в Ленинградской области, чем в Липецкой, относятся виды: Chenopodium album L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., Matricaria discoídea DC., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., Thlaspi arvense L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Fumaria officinalis L. и Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Loeve, Achillea millefolium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Sonchus arvensis L., Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill., Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Plantago major L., Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S.F. Gray, Polygonum aviculare L. На территории Липецкой области такими видами являются – Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr,. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Galium aparine L., Convolvulus arvensis L. В засоренности посевов ячменя в разных областях также выявлены различия: зарегистрировано 42 вида сорных растений в посевах ячменя только Ленинградской области (среди которых доминирует Matricaria discoídea DC.) и 31 вид в посевах ячменя только в Липецкой области (среди которых доминируют Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., и Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Из 29 одинаковых видов в посевах ячменя обеих областей, в Ленинградской области преобладают Chenopodium album L., Fumaria officinalis L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., а в Липецкой Convolvulus arvensis L., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. Следовательно, фитосанитарный прогноз распространения видов сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в целом, и в посевах ячменя, в частности, как и системы защиты от сорных растений будут отличаться в двух сравниваемых регионах.
The influence of the culture media composition on the white phosphorus biodegradation by Aspergillus niger
Authors:   Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov, Mindubaev Anton Z. , Badeeva Elena K. ,   Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov, Minzanova Salima T. ,   Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov, Mironova Lubov G. ,   Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov, Babynin Edward V. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Akosah Yaw Abaye ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Published: March 2021

The biodegradation of white phosphorus is undoubtedly an amazing illustration of the adaptability of living organisms to adverse environmental factors. In addition, it is a potential basis for the creation of new, breakthrough methods for detoxifying substances of the first class danger. However, establishing the fact of biological destruction is only half the battle. It is essential to optimize the growth conditions of microbial cultures and P4 biodegradation for industrial cultivation. The presented study compared the growth of Aspergillus niger strain AM1 in culture media varying in composition but containing P4 as the sole source of phosphorus. Of the ten media, two in which Aspergillus grew the fastest were selected. These media were concluded to be optimal for growth. Comparing the compositions of the media and the growth rate of Aspergillus in them, we found a key component that is a favorable factor for the growth of AM1 and the biodegradation of white phosphorus. This component was sodium nitrate (NaNO3). It has also been shown that copper sulphate (CuSO4) has no effect on the growth of Aspergillus in media with white phosphorus, regardless of the composition of these media. This result is in harmony with our previous findings. Furthermore, in the present work, attempts to increase the concentration of white phosphorus in the culture medium to values above 1% are described for the first time. For this purpose, we added the following solvents to the culture media: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diesel, in which white phosphorus dissolves relatively well. Apparently, the presence of these substances adversely affects the growth of Aspergill. Therefore, the problem of further increasing the concentration of P4 remains an unanswered.
Effect of a stabilizing additive on the electroconductivity of ZrO2-based ceramics
Authors:   Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy  of Sciences, Mityushova Yulia A. , Krasikov Sergey A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy  of Sciences, Markov Alexey A. ,   Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy  of Sciences, Denisova Elmira I. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Kartashov Vadim V. ,   Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: March 2021

The creation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is one of the promising solutions to the problem of electricity supply. It is advantageous to use stabilized zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) as solid electrolytes in SOFC. In this paper, zirconium dioxide powders with additives of yttrium and scandium oxides (ZrO2–Y2O3, ZrO2–Sc2O3 and ZrO2–Y2O3–Sc2O3) were synthesized. Ceramic samples were obtained from the powders to study the effect of stabilizing additives on the conductive properties of zirconium dioxide. The addition of yttrium oxide Y2O3 in an amount of 8 mol. % contributed to the formation of a solid cubic solution of zirconium dioxide, and scandium oxide Sc2O3 increased the strength and conductive characteristics of the material. The definition of the conductive characteristics was carried out by impedance spectroscopy. Platinum paste was preliminarily applied by printing, which, when measured, ensured contact with the entire surface of the sample under study. It is shown that the addition of yttrium oxide contributes to the formation of a solid cubic solution of zirconium dioxide, and scandium oxide increases the strength (microhardness) and conductive characteristics of the material. Of interest is the simultaneous alloying of zirconium dioxide with scandium and yttrium oxides. The results of determining the properties of ceramic samples showed that the increase in electrical conductivity is more influenced by the addition of Sc2O3 compared with the addition of Y2O3. Stabilization without yttrium oxide leads to unstable conductivity values over time. A sample of ZrO2 – 1 mol%. – Y2O3 – 8 % mol. Sc2O3 has the potential to be used as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells.
Azo-substituted ethoxyacridine – reagents for the extraction-photometric determination of gallium
Authors:   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Named after Acad. M.F. Naghiyev of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Ismailov Namig I. , Osmanova Sevinj N. ,   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Named after Acad. M.F. Naghiyev of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

The associates of halide (chloride) complexes of gallim azo-substituted ethoxyacridine have been studied by spectrophotometric method. It has been found that the associates are well extracted with a mixture of dichloroethane-acetone (3:2). The optimum volume of aqueous and organic phase is equal to 5 ml. The molar ratio of the components in the extractable compounds was studied by the methods of isomolar series, equilibrium shift and a straight line. It was found that gallium chloride associated with azo-ethoxyacridines (AE) in a ratio of 1:1. It was studied formation and extraction of associates of gallium chloride with AEADPA (2-ethoxy-6-(4-N,N-dipropylphenylazo)-9-aminoacridine) and AEAN (2-ethoxy-6-(2-hydroxynaphthylazo)-9aminoacridine). The maxima of light absorption of gallium chloride with AEADPA is observed at 520 nm, and the AEAN at 510 nm. The light absorption of the extracts of associates coincides with the absorption maxima of azoethoxyacridines, which indicates the electrostatic character of the interaction and the formation of complexes. Study of the effect of foreign ions on the accuracy of the determination of gallium with azo-substituted ethoxyacridine showed that the number of ions does not interfere (in parentheses are multiple relationships to gallium ions); Zn2+ (2000), NiII (1500), CuII (2500), CoII (1400), Cr III(1100), PbI (2250), Al3+(1600), Cd2+(700), FeII (1050), ReVII (500), PdIII (1200), Tl (2500). Number of ions interfered the determination: TeIV(1), FeIII (1), AuIII (1), SbV(1), TlIII(1), SeIV(3). The physico-chemical and analytical characteristics of the azo-substituted ethoxyacridines and their ionic associates with chloride gallium acidic complexes (λmax ε, βkD, D, R%) were determined. It was shown that chloro-gallium compounds with azo-substituted ethoxyacridines are ionic associates, the molar ratios of the components in which are: [Ga3+] : [Cl-] : R+ = 1:4:1.
Microalgae and probiotic bacteria as biofloc inducers in a hyper-intensive Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture
Authors: Jiménez-Ordaz Francisco J. , Cadena-Roa Marco A. , Pacheco-Vega Juan M. , Rojas-Contreras Maurilia , Tovar-Ramírez Dariel , Arce-Amezquita Pablo M.
Published: March 2021

Biofloc systems in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture generate floccules that remove wastes, and hence, biofloc formation is promoted for shrimp production. This study evaluated the induction of biofloc formation using microalgae and probiotic bacteria in hyper-intensive Pacific white shrimp culture. The experiment was performed for six weeks in tanks (28,000 L each) stocked 350 ind m-3 and weight of 1400 ± 30 mg. Three treatments were assessed: 1) with two diatoms: Grammatophora sp. and Navicula sp., 2) with Navicula sp., and 3) without diatoms. All treatments were added with Schizochytrium sp. and Lactobacillus fermentum TD19. The following parameters were monitored during culture: ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, environmental variables, floccules volume, microorganism presence, the bromatological composition of biofloc, and growth performance parameters of P. vannamei. Our results indicated that the three induced biofloc presented a similar volume (8.34 ± 4.8 mL L-1) and ammonium concentration (<1.0 mg L-1). Treatment 1 generated floccules with the highest concentration of ciliates, rotifers, nematodes, lactic acid bacteria, and the lowest concentration of Vibrio spp. (1.2×103 UFC mL-1), evidencing a significant difference in bromatological composition, with the highest protein and lipid values (28.12 ± 0.50 and 22.44 ± 0.80% biofloc dry weight, respectively) and the best feed conversion ratio (0.89). Based on these results, we suggest that Schizochytrium sp., L. fermentum, and two diatoms should be used to induce biofloc in a hyper-intensive culture of P. vannmaei in order to provide a supplementary nutritional intake, which can constitute an advantage to reduce commercial feed rations.
Genetic diversity of the blue land crab Cardisoma guanhumi (Latreille 1825) in the Alvarado Lagoon System in Veracruz, gulf coast of Mexico
Authors: Rendón-Hernández José Francisco , Pérez-Rostro Carlos Iván , González-Trujillo Ricardo , Arcos-Ortega Guadalupe Fabiola , Jiménez-Badillo María de Lourdes , Galindo-Cortes Gabriela
Published: March 2021

In the Alvarado Lagoon System (ALS) in south-central Veracruz on Mexico's gulf coast, the blue land crab, Cardisoma guanhumi, a semi-terrestrial crustacean species, represents an important fishery resource, but one that is subject to overexploitation and habitat destruction. Identifying genetic diversity and the genetic unit are required to establish efficient conservation strategies. The present study's goal was to assess the genetic structure and degree of genetic diversity of C. guanhumi populations along the ALS. A fragment of the D-loop region of the mtDNA (750 bp) and a partial sequence of the COI gene (580 pb) was sequenced for 120 specimens collected at four sites in the ALS. Genetic diversity indices were estimated for each marker. The study sites' gene flow was estimated, as was the effective population size and the mutational rate for each locality. A haplotype network was built to estimate the gene genealogies of the populations. A Tajima's neutrality test, Fu tests, and mismatch analysis were performed to detect demographic expansion. Results show that this C. guanhumi population has high genetic diversity with a large gene flow among the localities studied and expanded during the recent evolutionary past. All haplotypes from both markers are novel for the species, according to the NCBI GenBank. The high genetic diversity and genetic connectivity among sites suggests that the size of blue crab populations in the ALS has not been drastically affected by past exploitation. Finally, management strategies are proposed to protect the species.
Hyperiid amphipods distribution between the central coast and oceanic islands off Chile, southeastern Pacific
Authors: Véliz Christian , Mujica Armando , Nava María Luisa
Published: March 2021

The composition, distribution, and abundance of hyperiid amphipods collected in the oceanographic cruise between the central coast and oceanic islands of Chile in the southeastern Pacific were analyzed. Thirty-four genera and 54 species were identified, grouped into two infraorders and 16 families. The presence of Hemityphis tenuimanus Claus 1879, and Laxohyperia vespuliformis Vinogradov & Volkov 1982, expands its geographical distribution as new records for the southeastern Pacific. According to the founded species, spatial distribution, and the bodies of water present in the study area, Chile’s central region would be a transition zone for species originating from the Magellan Province (Subantarctic water) and the Peru-Chile Province (Subtropical water).
Protector effect of beta-glucans from shrimp pond-related yeasts in Penaeus vannamei rearing under white spot syndrome virus presence
Authors: Ochoa-Álvarez Norma A. , Casillas-Hernández Ramón , Magallón-Barajas Francisco J. , Ramirez-Orozco Jesús M. , Carbajal-Millán Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

This research study tested the protective effect of prolonged exposure of shrimp food supplemented with glucans from shrimp-pond related yeasts on shrimp Penaeus vannamei reared under the presence of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The glucans extracted and purified from isolated marine yeasts identified as Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida tropicalis, Candida humilis, Candida glabrata, Pichia kudriavzevyi, Wickerhamomyces anomalus and the terrestrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast were characterized by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The treatments were prepared with food enriched with the yeast beta-glucans and the control groups without beta-glucans. Shrimp were fed thrice a day and challenged orally with WSSV on days 31, 54, 66 and muscularly at day 70. The animals were assessed for the protective effect in terms of post-infection total hemocyte counts, and survival rate. The results indicated that marine yeasts possessed ß-1,3/1,6-glucans, and that D. hansenii was an excellent source yielding 30% of its dry biomass of pure glucans. For the positive control group where no glucans were added, WSSV challenges showed 100% survival when the virus was provided orally, and 40% when the virus was injected. These results also indicated that the shrimp line selected for this study was a resistant line for WSSV. Shrimp groups fed with glucans of the marine yeasts D. hansenii and C. humillis showed a significant protection, allowing shrimp survival of 66% while terrestrial yeast showed 57.14%. These results indicated that marine yeasts growing in the shrimp pond were an excellent source of beta-glucans that allowed extra protection against the mortality caused by this pathogenic virus.
Microbial characterization of a natural biofilm associated with Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) larvae settlement on artificial collector by confocal imaging, microbiology, and metagenomic analysis
Authors: González-Pazmiño José , Pretell Krizia Maribell , Zapata-Vidaurre Karina , Mesones Maribel Lucero , Quimí-Mujica Juan , Diringer Benoit
Published: March 2021

Biofilms strongly influence bivalve settlement patterns on artificial substrates; however, their structure and taxonomic composition remains a black box. We characterized a natural biofilm composition that exhibits a large settlement of larvae of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Thirty-two different strains, representing six genera (10 strains of Bacillus, 9 of Vibrio, 6 Acinetobacter, 4 Staphylococcus, 2 Photobacterium, and 1 Exiguobacterium) were isolated. Those strains represented only 1.09% of the relative abundance compared with the total microbiota obtained by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The metagenomic analysis identified 441 species. Prokaryotes were predominant (93.4%) over eukaryotes (6.6%), with Pelobacter (13.4%), Lewinella (5.6%), Marinobacter (5.4%), Hoeflea (4.2%), and Microcystis (3.1%) being the most representative genera. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) imaging evidenced an irregular and heterogeneous biofilm with an average thickness of 35 μm, where the heterotrophic prokaryotic community (3.4×106 cell cm-2) dominate the photoautotrophic communities (2.3×105 cell cm-2). For the first time, an A. purpuratus settlement-related biofilm was described by the next generation sequencing tool (NGS) and compared with traditional methodologies.
Analysis of three decades of research in marine sciences in Uruguay through mapping of science and bibliometric indexes
Authors: Lercari Diego
Published: March 2021

Uruguay has recently expanded its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), having more aquatic sovereignty than terrestrial territories. In this country, various State institutions have carried out the study of marine science for several decades, but their academic development has not been analyzed. The formal evaluation of scientific research represents a crucial opportunity to define long-term policies requiring greater knowledge of the territory and its resources. In this context, this work carries out a systematic and quantitative review of Uruguay authors' international publications over three decades. The productivity indicators trend is evaluated concerning context variables, predominant research topics are identified, and collaboration networks are characterized. We collected and analyzed data on marine science articles in which an author or co-author is affiliated to an institution in Uruguay from 1990 to 2018 using the Scopus database. It was found that scientific activity measured by a bibliographic analysis showed an increase in the number of articles, authors, and research topics but nowadays show signs of stagnation. Moreover, specific indicators show a great degree of centralism (institutional and authorial), low dynamism, and decreased international collaboration. The largest academic capacities are focused in specific biological disciplines, with little physics and almost nil in geology and chemistry. Decentralization and strengthening sectorial funding for marine science will boost Uruguay's discipline for facing future challenges.
Common Kilka oil and its primary and secondary oxidative dynamics stabilized by different variants of clove essential oil
Authors: Golmakani M.T. , Dorostkar E. , Keramat M.
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the properties of clove essential oil extracted by different microwave-assisted methods and to evaluate its effects on the stability of common Kilka oil. Each of these methods was hypothesized to yield a clove essential oil that would have a distinguishable composition and effect when added to common Kilka oil by maintaining its oxidative stability. The oxidation of common Kilka oil was examined by accelerated oxidation using the active oxygen method and Rancimat test. The clove essential oil extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation showed the highest induction period according to the active oxygen method (16.56 h) and the Rancimat induction period (3.64 h) in common Kilka oil and its antioxidant activity was comparable to that of BHT (16.59 h and 4.34 h, respectively) and tocopheryl acetate (16.30 h and 4.02 h, respectively). Furthermore, the microwaveassisted hydrodistillation method resulted in the amount of eugenol that exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity for preserving PUFA in common Kilka oil. Ultimately, clove essential oil can become an efficient natural antioxidant for the oxidative stability of common Kilka oil.
Estrategias sobre colecciones en bibliotecas universitarias españolas
Authors: Herrera Morillas José Luis
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo se estudian 47 bibliotecas universitarias españolas para conocer sus planes estratégicos, extraer las alusiones a las colecciones y realizar un análisis comparado entre los diferentes textos para comprobar los aspectos que reflejan sobre la gestión de las colecciones. Se han recopilado los documentos que están disponibles para consulta pública.
Solution to Big Data Security Issues
Authors: Srivastava Prashant , Tiwari Niraj Kumar , Abbas Ali
Published: March 2021

Organizations now have knowledge of big data significance, but new challenges stand up with new inventions. These challenges are not only limited to the three Vs of big data, but also to privacy and security. Attacks on big data system ranges from DDoS to information theft, ransomware to end user level security. So implementing security to big data system is a multiple phase-based ongoing process in which security is imposed from perimeter level to distributed file system security, cloud security to data security, storage to data mining security, and so on. In this chapter, the authors have identified some key vulnerable point related to big data and also proposed a security model.
A Compact Antenna Design With High Gain for Wireless Energy Harvesting
Authors: Sharma Priya , Singh Ashutosh Kumar
Published: March 2021

A compact rectangular slotted antenna fed through coplanar waveguide for rectenna system is proposed in the application of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting at center frequency of 2.45 GHz in the wireless local area network (WLAN) band. Three unequal widths of rectangular slots with equal distance have been created step by step to maximize the peak gain to 3.6 dB of the antenna. Radiation plot of the proposed antenna has been depicted to be omnidirectional for RF energy harvesting with maximum radiation efficiency characteristics. The dimension of the antenna is reduced up to 28 × 17 mm2 with better reflection coefficient of -34.6dB.
Blockchain Technology
Authors: Madakam Somayya , Harshita
Published: March 2021

Currently, the financial transactions between individuals, organizations, and companies are taking place with the help of third-party approval of intermediaries such as banks, financial institutions, standardizing bodies, or credit card providers. These transactions involve multilevel approvals, costs, and inefficient processes in some cases, which also lead to waste of time and resources. To resolve these issues, blockchain technology has appeared as a new financial digital innovative solution. Here, financial transactions are online, open, and transparent. In this chapter, the authors present systematic literature of relevant research on blockchain technology. The objective is to understand the historical evolutions, current ongoing research, base technologies, and applications. The authors have extracted research articles from scientific databases including EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The online blogs, wikis, media articles, YouTube videos, and companies' white papers on blockchain technology are also used for content analysis.
Industry Use Cases on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Schönle Daniel , Wallis Kevin , Stodt Jan , Reich Christoph , Welte Dominik , Sikora Axel
Published: March 2021

Digital transformation strengthens the interconnection of companies in order to develop optimized and better customized, cross-company business models. These models require secure, reliable, and traceable evidence and monitoring of contractually agreed information to gain trust between stakeholders. Blockchain technology using smart contracts allows the industry to establish trust and automate cross-company business processes without the risk of losing data control. A typical cross-company industry use case is equipment maintenance. Machine manufacturers and service providers offer maintenance for their machines and tools in order to achieve high availability at low costs. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate how maintenance use cases are attempted by utilizing hyperledger fabric for building a chain of trust by hardened evidence logging of the maintenance process to achieve legal certainty. Contracts are digitized into smart contracts automating business that increase the security and mitigate the error-proneness of the business processes.
Blockchain Technology in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Gerger Atakan
Published: March 2021

Even though the automotive industry was among the key players of the industrial revolution in the last century, striking transformations experienced in other sectors did not have significant repercussions on this industry until a few years ago. However, general advancements in technology and Industry 4.0 have presented new opportunities for the reconfiguration of the business environment. Developments in cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, in particular, have attracted the attention to what is known as blockchain technology. Several successful examples of blockchain applications in different industries have tempted the automotive industry to be rapidly involved with efforts in this direction. As a consequence, the application of the blockchain technology to highly diverse areas in the automotive industry was set in motion. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the application of blockchain technology in the automotive industry, to analyse its advantages and disadvantages, and to demonstrate its successful in general.
Climate Strategy Proactivity (CSP)
Authors: Kant Nikhil , Anjali Kumari
Published: March 2021

Global carbon emissions are contributed by companies significantly. These companies themselves are not insulated from the risks arising from their own irresponsible acts against the climate. Several companies have adopted voluntarily the strategy of acting beyond compliance of existing laws demonstrating proactivity. Climate strategy proactivity (CSP) is the voluntary strategic corporate behavior adopted to satisfy stakeholders' demands which also help respective governments in achieving international commitments. This chapter, amidst the paucity of relevant studies in the context of developing countries, aims to discuss the emerging concept of CSP and underscores an urgent need for more research on CSP setting a research agenda from the perspective of the relevant stakeholders. The chapter concludes that CSP offers huge potentialities for companies more particularly in developing countries such as India attaching greater significance to stakeholders' perspectives.
Numerical Simulation of a Large-Scale Industrial Billet Heating Furnace with Direct Flame Impingement
Authors: Costa Sérgio Cavaleiro , Malico Isabel , Lima Rui Pedro Monteiro , Rato Luís
Published: March 2021

Numerical simulations of a billet heating furnace with direct flame impingement operating in a metallurgical plant were carried out and the results compared to measurements obtained in an industrial environment. The transport equations for mass, momentum, energy and mass of chemical species in reactive flow were computed with the use of ANSYS FLUENT. Turbulence, combustion and radiation were modeled using, respectively, the realizable k-ε model, the finite-rate/eddy-dissipation model and the finite volume scheme. The model was used to simulate the furnace operating under the conditions that occurred during an energy audit carried out at an industrial facility (413 kW firing rate and 80% excess air). The predicted furnace efficiency, 72.5%, is in very good agreement with the one obtained in the energy audit (0.4% difference). The flue gas temperature at the end of the second preheating zone was measured during the energy audit and its value compared to the one predicted. In this case, the agreement between measurements and simulation is not so satisfactory (23% difference). This paper presents the validation of a CFD model of a direct-flame impingement furnace for billet heating in a full-scale industrial situation, which was not previously published, and opens the way for more simulations and detailed studies of the phenomena that occur inside this type of furnace.
Diffusimetry Renounces Graham’s Law, Achieves Diffusive Convection, Concentration Gradient Induced Diffusion, Heat and Mass Transfer
Authors: Khair Abul , Dey Nilay Kumar , Harun-Ur-Rashid Mohammad , Alim Mohammad Abdul , Bahadur Newas Mohammad , Mahamud Sultan , Ahmed Syekat
Published: March 2021

Absolute diffusion rates of KMnO4 in vertical and flattened diffusimeters show the concentration gradient force as being stronger than the gravitational force. Hot water molecules move downward on self-diffusion against buoyancy. Diffusive convection (DC) in warm water and double-diffusive convection (DDC) in warm, saline water take place inside the diffusimeter with DDC transferring more heat than DC. In the diffusing medium the original reagents change or retain their compositions to give the diffusate molecules to diffuse. In water, the change is mostly hydration. The syngener BaCl2.2H2O separately with congeners 3CdSO4.8H2O, ZnSO4.7H2O, and ZnSO4.H2O presents two distinct pairs of overlapping concentration versus rate curves, first for having very close MWs of BaCl2 and CdSO4 and second for having ZnSO4.H2O as the common congener for both the zinc sulfates. Chlorides of Li, Na, and K diffusing at hindered rates in glucose solution show the least rate for LiCl inevitably on grounds of low mass and high Li+ hydration radius. Diffusion blocking occurs at higher glucose concentration. Diffusion of 0.6M AgNO3-0.6M NH4Cl standardizes this diffusimeter. Mass transfer of HCl, H2SO4, and H2C2O4 show oxalic acid diffusing as hydrate and 88 percentage transfer of sulfuric acid in 5 minutes. The Superdiffusive Anti Graham’s Law, Vd ∝√M , is further consolidated by Ca (NO3)2-M2CO3(M = Na, K, NH4+) and Ca (NO3)2-Na2HPO4 diffusions. Odd and even diffusions are illustrated by AgNO3-NH4Cl and AgNO3-BaCl2 diffusions.
Temperature Dependence of Hydrogen Solubility and Diffusivity in Hydrogen Permeable Membrane of Pd-Cu Alloy with B2-Type Crystal Structure
Authors: Yukawa Hiroshi , Watanabe Shimpei , Suzuki Asuka , Matsumoto Yoshihisa , Araki Hideki , Mizuno Masataka , Sugita Kazuki , Higemoto Wataru
Published: March 2021

The temperature dependence of hydrogen solubility and diffusivity of Pd–53mol%Cu alloy membrane with the B2–type crystal structure has been investigated. The hydrogen permeation tests are performed using ultra–pure hydrogen (more than 9N) purified by a Pd–Ag alloy membrane to avoid any influences of impurities. It is found that the hydrogen permeability decreases significantly at low temperatures, especially near room temperature. The time dependence of hydrogen flux is monitored and found that the hydrogen flux decreases gradually during about 4 ~ 5 days after rapid cooling down to room temperature from 623 K.The results of the temperature dependence of the hydrogen permeability are analyzed in view of the consistent description of hydrogen permeation based on hydrogen chemical potential, where the hydrogen flux is proportional to the product of the mobility for hydrogen diffusion, B, and the PCT factor, fPCT. In this study, the pressure–composition–isotherms (PCT curves) for Pd–53Cu alloy with B2 structure are measured for the first time by the in–situ XRD–PCT method, and they are applied to estimate the PCT factors. Then, the temperature dependence of the PCT factor and the mobility for hydrogen diffusion is evaluated. It is revealed that the decrement in hydrogen permeability at low temperatures is mainly attributable to the decrement of the mobility for hydrogen diffusion.According to the positron annihilation experiments, the defects density is considered to be small in Pd–53Cu alloy with the B2 structure even at room temperature, suggesting that the excess Cu atoms in Pd–53Cu alloy occupy the positions of Pd sublattice, at which the Cu atoms form a local BCC–Cu unit. The diffusion of Cu atoms corresponds to the diffusion of BCC–Cu units in the B2 structure. Therefore the diffusion of Cu atoms and the configuration of BCC–Cu units in B2 structure could be a key to understand the gradual transition of hydrogen diffusivity at low temperatures.
Physical-Chemical and Pyrometallurgical Estimation of Processing of Complex Ores with Extraction of Iron, Vanadium, Titanium
Authors: Dmitriev Andrey N. , Vitkina Galina Yu. , Alektorov Roman V. , Vyaznikova Elena A.
Published: March 2021

The metallurgical characteristics of pellets (reducibility, strength after reaction, softening start and end temperatures), phase composition (X-ray phase analysis), and porosity were studied. Blast furnace smelting parameters were calculated using laboratory pellets with different basicities and degrees of metallization. Pellets were obtained from complex titanium-magnetite ores. The vanadium extraction of this ore into metal did not exceed 10 % during smelting of metallized pellets in an arc steelmaking furnace, but special techniques could raise this to 85 %. According to calculations from the Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMET UB RAS), vanadium extraction up to 80–90 % can be achieved by using high-base and partially metallized pellets. The influence of changes in the composition and metallurgical characteristics of titanomagnetite pellets with increasing basicity (especially relative to strength after reduction) should be taken into account.
On the Study of Osmotic Dehydration and Convective Drying of Cassava Cubes
Authors: Pessoa Thayze Rodrigues Bezerra , Martins Pierre Correa , de Miranda Vansostenes Antonio Machado , de Brito Diniz Jacqueline Félix , Cavalcante Daniel César M. , de Oliveira Vital Araújo Barbosa , Rodrigues Iran , de Lima Antonio Gilson Barbosa
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to study the hybrid process of osmotic dehydration and convective air drying of foods. Emphasis has been put on cassava cubes (Manihot esculenta Crantz.). Convective drying kinetics of fresh and osmotically dehydrated cassava cubes was evaluated at the following hot air-drying conditions: temperature 50°C, velocity 1.35 m/s, and absolute humidity 0.060 dry water/g. Experimental results of the moisture loss, solids gain, and incorporation of sodium chloride are shown and analyzed. For estimation of the effective mass diffusion coefficient, experiment data of average moisture content of cassava cubes (fresh and osmotically dehydrated) was fitted to the simplified Fick model and a good agreement was obtained. The effective mass diffusivity of the osmotically dehydrated cassava cube was 2.75 x10-10 m2/s and to fresh cassava cubes 5.45x10-10 m2/s.
Athletic Training Students' Perceptions of the Immersive Clinical Experience and its Influence on their Development
Authors: Grimes Anna M. , Neil Elizabeth R. , Eldred Cameron M. , Walker Stacy E. , Dougal Zachary J. , Eberman Lindsey E.
Published: March 2021

Context

Immersive clinical experiences are critical clinical education components in athletic training. Program directors have indicated potential isolation from peers and faculty, a financial burden, and less engagement in quality learning during immersive clinical experiences.

Objective

To explore athletic training students' perceptions of the immersive clinical experience as it pertains to their development.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Individual virtual interviews.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 15 athletic training students who participated in the immersive clinical experience in the last 9 months took part in our study (males = 4, females = 11; age = 25 ± 5 years, range = 21–36 years).

Data Collection and Analysis

We conducted interviews and recorded and transcribed them verbatim. We developed a codebook using the consensual qualitative research tradition to identify domains and categories. Trustworthiness was established using member-checking, multiple researchers, and an auditor.

Results

Athletic training student perceptions of the immersive clinical experience revealed 2 domains: exposure and improved preparation for clinical practice. From increased exposure, participants gained additional experience with administrative duties, communication and relationships, interprofessional and collaborative practice, an increased quantity and quality of patient encounters, and preceptor influence on learning opportunities. From improved preparation, participants experienced socialization in which they were more integrated in facility activities, gained a greater appreciation for the value of the profession, had greater autonomy and inclusion, and perceived more value in the immersive clinical experience than in nonimmersive experiences.

Conclusions

Athletic training students who participate in immersive clinical experiences feel that they have increased exposure to athletic training practice and improved preparation for transition to practice.
The emerging role of nebulization for maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at home
Authors: Talwar Deepak , Ramanathan R. , Lopez Meena , Hegde Rashmi , Gogtay Jaideep , Goregaonkar Geeta
Published: March 2021

Inhalation therapy is the cornerstone of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. However, for many COPD patients who are managed at home, nebulization therapy offers an effective alternative treatment and fulfills the gap of catering to the specific population of patients who are unable to use handheld inhaler devices appropriately. The present review highlights key aspects, namely selection of the right beneficiaries for home nebulization, available drugs in nebulized formulations for the treatment of COPD, and the importance of care, cleaning, and maintenance, which are prerequisites for ensuring successful nebulization therapy.