bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving out of Salafism: Muslim Women and the Development of a Pious Feminist Consciousness
Authors: Dawood Iman
Published: February 2025

In this article, I demonstrate how piety and feminism can come together to motivate women’s departures from gender-traditional religious communities. I draw on, and combine, theories of religious defection with those on the development of feminist consciousness to show how some Muslim women, who joined the Salafi community in London between 1980s and 2010, later moved out of the community in different directions and to varying degrees, after developing a pious feminist consciousness. This pious feminist consciousness, I argue, involves the identification of gender inequality in gender-traditional religious communities as well as the development of an oppositional consciousness in which religion is critically applied to contest women’s subaltern position in these communities. This work not only furthers our understanding of the gendered dimensions of religious defection, but also highlights the processes through which women may come to participate in religious feminism, and the different forms of agency they exhibit in the process.
An integrated approach for fatigue design of rail vehicle suspensions under block loading
Authors: Luo Robert Keqi , Thompson Mark , Xu Johnson , Li Xuebing
Published: February 2025

In this case study, we introduce a new approach by applying the most recent fatigue criterion, effective tensile stress, to a rail vehicle suspension spring for the first time. Without the need for curve fitting, this criterion can effectively predict fatigue life under positive and negative R ratios. We defined a general S-N function and failure rates based on published results from cylindrical dumbbell samples on 30 fatigue cases. The measured load-displacement curve validated the material model with an elastic constant ratio. Blocks of three different loading sets were applied to a rail vehicle suspension spring for 125k cycles. One crack initiation was observed at 82k cycles and propagated to 97 mm after the test. We successfully predicted crack initiation at 81k cycles (with a failure rate of 7%) and 92k cycles (with a failure rate of 10%) using the Palmgren–Miner law. This prediction agreed with the experiment’s observation, demonstrating the approach’s reliability. The general S-N function could be used for the design and failure analysis of rail vehicle suspensions, providing reassurance in the design process.
Discours hybride dans le contexte colonial au Vietnam. Étude du Bulletin de la SEM
Authors: VO Thi Anh Ngoc
Published: February 2025

French colonization in Vietnam is a totalizing phenomenon, which affected all life, both collective and individual. Many studies are devoted to the memories of this past era with its social contexts and its existential conditions. One of the most visible realities that this phenomenon reveals is that it has destroyed and deconstructed the old frameworks of the culture of colonized people and brought them into uncertain and ambiguous areas of identity. How do these colonized subjects express themselves in such socio-existential contexts? Is seeking to show oneself in the language of others an escape route to remove oneself from the embarrassment of this situation, by reconstructing a new topos of expression rich in exchanges and discursive interactions? This article aims to answer these fundamental questions by adopting a discourse and identity approach. We choose as a field of observation the Bulletin de la Société d’Enseignement mutuel du Tonkin ( Bulletin de la SEM).
A Bigger Tent? Nonwhite Republican Candidates and Their Uphill Paths to Office
Authors: Mundy Ryan
Published: February 2025

Black, Latino, and Asian-American candidates have disproportionately ran as Democrats in the modern political era. Yet the number of nonwhite Republican candidates for U.S. Congress reached a record high of 260 in 2022, nearly tripling the number who ran in 2016. I utilize a candidate-level dataset to provide the first account of who these nonwhite Republican candidates for Congress are, where they run, and how they fare both electorally and financially. I find that despite increases in the number of nonwhite Republicans who run for office, these candidates are not well positioned to win. In comparison to their white counterparts, nonwhite Republicans are less experienced candidates who run in unfavorable districts and raise less money. Additionally, I employ an original survey of 2022 congressional candidates and find that nonwhite Republicans report facing greater institutional and electoral hurdles than white Republicans. Overall, these findings further our understanding of how the barriers to political representation may differ across social groups, while highlighting the enduring limitations that the Republican Party faces in broadening its electoral tent.
Effectiveness of a Perioperative Pediatric Nursing Intervention with a Brazilian Educational Comic Book: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Mizobata Vanessa Natsumi , Teixeira Tatiane Roberta Fernandes , Crepalde Patrícia Aparecida Francelino , Minharro Michelle Cristine De Oliveira , Garcia de Avila Marla Andréia
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to compare an educational intervention with an educational comic book and oral information versus oral information alone, for 45 children and their parents before pediatric surgery. Design and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at a public university in Brazil. The content of the comic book was previously validated, and its face validity for use in children's perioperative care was previously confirmed. Inclusion criteria were children aged 6 to 14 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I or II, undergoing their first elective surgical procedure, and literate parents. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the sociodemographic characteristics of the children and their parents. A questionnaire was administered to children aged 6 to 10 years, another for those aged 11 to 14 years, and a third for parents to evaluate their knowledge about surgery. Results: The sociodemographic characteristics of the intervention group ( N = 22) and the control group ( N = 23) were comparable. In both groups, for both the children and their parents, there was a significant difference between pre- and post-orientation knowledge scores. However, there was no difference in knowledge scores between the two educational strategies. Conclusion: Educational interventions on the day of surgery are beneficial for increasing knowledge among patients and family members, regardless of the method used. We recommended the process of preparing the child should begin after scheduling the surgery, and nurses should use a child-centered care approach.
The Association of New Onset Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation and Abnormal P-Terminal Force in Lead V1 After On-Pump Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Gander Mirjana , Kochanska-Bieri Joanna , Kamber Firmin , Berdajs Denis , Santer David , Bolliger Daniel , Mauermann Eckhard
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. This paper presents several studies that conclude the presence of an aberrant p-terminal force vector in lead V1 (PTFV1) has been identified as a significant predictor of atrial fibrillation in the non-surgical population. It is uncertain whether or not there is an association of PTFV1 and new-onset POAF in patients after cardiac surgery. Methods: In this secondary analysis, adult patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery for aortocoronary bypasses, valve surgery, combined bypass, and valve surgery were analyzed from 12/2018 to 08/2020. Patients who had a previous occurrence of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, patients with pacemakers and/or Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs), and those who did not have an electrocardiogram (ECG) performed within the 3 months before surgery were excluded. In addition, ECGs that were considered to be of low quality were also removed. Preoperative 12-lead ECGs were examined and the PTFV1 was measured. Secondarily, we examined the P-wave length in lead II, the area under the P-wave in lead II, PR interval, and QRS duration in lead V1 and II. The occurrence of POAF was extracted from the hospital record. Results: Out of a total of 252 patients, 62 patients (24.6%) developed new onset POAF during their hospital stay. POAF occurred primarily in older patients, with poor renal function, and exhibited larger left atria. Analysis of ORs (odds ratios) revealed that age, creatinine clearance, valve surgery, and left atrial volume index (LAVI) were associated with POAF. In the context of the multivariable analysis, it was demonstrated that only age presented a significant correlation with postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). There was no observed relationship between any of the parameters based on ECG and the occurrence of POAF. Conclusion: No association was found between PTFV1 or other ECG-based measurements and new onset POAF in cardiac surgery patients. Age was the only independent predictor of POAF.
Visibility of K-pop in the U.S.: Global rankings, ‘audience mis-aggregation’, and mainstream attention to niche genre
Authors: Liu Anna Yan , Taneja Harsh
Published: February 2025

K-pop, a niche genre appealing to certain audience segments in the global market, has now attracted mainstream attention of music industries and general audiences within and beyond Asia. Previous studies often attribute niche genres’ visibility in a cultural market to audience segmentation and the prominence of niche tastes; however, K-pop’s mainstream visibility in its transnational spread complicates this argument. Integrating the sociology of quantification to studies on audience metrics and social quantification, this paper takes BTS as a case and examines how they gained mainstream visibility in the U.S. as the consequences of institutional audiences construction by Billboard’s global rankings – Social 50 and Top Social Artist Award. We argue that although Billboard’s charts and awards are not designed to favor exotic music, their institutional construction of global audiences is inherently a quantification process, the nature of which inadvertently eliminates regional differences in available audience sizes and consumption cultures when aggregating artists’ worldwide social engagements into ordinal numbers. Consequently, Billboard-constructed global audiences are mis-aggregated, over-representing certain regional tastes. Billboard initially interpreted mis-aggregated audiences as BTS’s global social popularity, increasing this then niche group’s mainstream visibility in the U.S. market. Focusing on measurement regimes, such as Billboard, this paper suggests an alternative mechanism for niche genres’ visibility in a culture market – audience mis-aggregation. When measurement regimes use metrics to synthesize diverse audience segments to represent the whole market, tremendous information is eliminated through this quantification process, resulting in over-representation of certain segments’ tastes and increasing mainstream visibility of niche genres.
In search of a habitable world: The long journey of women who survived breast cancer
Authors: Guité-Verret Alexandra , Vachon Melanie
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study was to better understand the experiences of women living with a history of breast cancer by analyzing the metaphors they use to describe their experiences. Data were collected through individual narrative interviews with 10 women, who were between 4 years and 13 years post-diagnosis. Their narratives were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The results are presented from an existential perspective and are conceptualized using the metaphor of the home. Our interpretation suggests that participants were in search of a habitable world, seeking to (1) dwell in oneself, (2) dwell with others and (3) dwell in the world. The results were discussed using an intersubjective conceptual framework, enriched by the work of Stolorow on human suffering and emotional trauma. The study expands upon existing literature on the use of metaphors in cancer patients and contributes to reveal their richness and diversity, beyond the dominant war metaphor.
Mechanisms of action of the proline hydroxylase-adenosine pathway in regulating apoptosis and reducing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Xiu-Fen , Shen Gu-Zhuo , Gong Peng-Fei , Yang Yan , Tuerxun Paerhati·
Published: February 2025

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the protective mechanism of proline hydroxylase (PHD) in reducing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) through the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α-adenosine-MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, with the goal of identifying potential drug targets and therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of MIRI. Methods: A rat model of MIRI was established using 45 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were randomly divided into the following three groups: sham operation (n = 15), MIRI model (n = 15), and MIRI + FG-4592 preconditioning (n = 15) groups. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiographic measurements of the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular contractile diameter (LVIDs), left ventricular shortening fraction (FS), and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Myocardial infarct size was determined with 23,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, while levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to assess the expression of apoptotic proteins ERK1/2, phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), AKT, phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT), caspase-3, BCL-2, and BAX in the infarct boundary area. Adenosine levels within myocardial tissue were also measured. Results: FG-4592 preconditioning significantly improved cardiac function, lowered cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial infarction size, reduced myocardial tissue damage, and inhibited inflammation. Additionally, FG-4592 increased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and enhanced adenosine levels in myocardial tissue in the treatment group compared with the MIRI model group. Conclusions: Inhibition of HIF-1α degradation plays a significant role in enhancing extracellular adenosine levels and reducing MIRI, possibly regulating apoptosis through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. These findings highlight the potential of targeting the PHD-HIF-adenosine axis in developing treatment strategies for MIRI, meriting future exploration.
Engaging parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Transitioning to a virtual world for infant-toddler court teams
Authors: Adeeb Jacqueline , Harris Sarah , Domanico Rose , Casanueva Cecilia , Fraser Jenifer Goldman , Huddleston Janie
Published: February 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic required a shift in how programs delivered necessary services to clients. Infant-Toddler Court Teams (ITCT) in multiple states had to transition their services from face-to-face to virtual platforms. Implementation of a new ITCT during the first year of COVID-19 was also launched via a virtual platform. This article details process evaluation interviews for these ITCTs and describes the many advantages and disadvantages of moving to a virtual environment.

Findings

Advantages include reaching broader audiences, less travel, and fewer time commitments; disadvantages include lack of genuine engagement, “zoom fatigue,” and lack of parental understanding of the severity of their situation.

Application

This study uses in-depth analysis of qualitative data to discuss how the transition to a virtual environment impacted ITCTs and their implementation, the innovations programs developed to engage with parents and what tools they will continue to use after the pandemic.
Adolf Hitler: Hatred driven destructive leadership
Authors: Banai Moshe , Mayer Claude-Hélène
Published: February 2025

This study proposes a social identity theory-based and multi-level model that describes destructive leadership as contingent on social categorization of the in- and outgroups and mediated by hatred. We describe Adolf Hitler’s destructive leadership behavior as contingent on his social categorization of non-Aryans, and as mediated by his hatred for the outgroups of Jews, Communists, Roma and Sinti, Disabled, Freemasons, Gay men, Jehovah Witnesses and Blacks. We propose that Hitler’s hatred for the outgroups was motivated by cognitive commitment, negation of intimacy and reaction to fear. His destructive leadership included institutional behaviors such as legislation and the encouragement of the development of a scientifically defunct race theory, symbolic behaviors, such as gestures connoting disrespect, rude epithets, slurs, and hatred-associated symbols, and physical behaviors, such as threatening, imprisoning, inflicting injuries, starving, torturing and annihilating members of the outgroups, he instigated the ingroup members to commit. Hitler believed Aryan Nazi Germany would achieve a national triumph; his leadership, however, ended in the obliteration of the European continent and Holocaust of the Jewish people, among others. The proposed model may be applied in the context of cross-cultural management to discriminatory behaviors, biases, or outright hostility in multi-cultural teams, which affects the leadership process, employee engagement and retention and organizational effectiveness.
Explaining fear of cybercrime: A focus on interpersonal and property cybercrime differences
Authors: Guedes Inês Sousa , Martins José , Moreira Samuel
Published: February 2025

Fear of crime is a hot topic in the criminological field, yet differentiation between fears associated with various types of cybercrimes remains underexplored. This study ( N = 726) conducted in the Portuguese context via an online survey investigates the distinct determinants of fear for two main categories of cybercrime: interpersonal (cyberbullying and cyberstalking) and property-related (online consumer fraud, identity theft, and malware discovery). The findings reveal that while offline fears strongly predict both types of cybercrime fears, the specific variables influencing them differ significantly. Property cybercrime fear is primarily driven by economic insecurity, while interpersonal cybercrime fear is less influenced by socioeconomic factors and more by the fear of offline interpersonal crimes. Additionally, the study highlights that traditional factors from Routine Activity Theory, such as capable guardianship and target suitability, play a minimal role in explaining the variance in cybercrime fears. These insights not only contribute to our understanding of the multifaceted nature of cybercrime fears but also underscore the need for tailored preventative strategies that address the unique drivers of each type of fear.
Staff perspectives of a violence intervention program in a forensic mental health hospital: Identification of environmental enablers and barriers to program implementation
Authors: Sondhu Monique K , Dunne Ashley L , Maharaj Natasha , Simsion Daniel D , Daffern Michael
Published: February 2025

Inpatient forensic mental health recovery often involves participation in offending behavior and mental health recovery-oriented psychological treatment programs. Various factors can impact a program's implementation into service, including environmental features of the hospital environment, such as its physical structure, routines, and the behavior of staff. Little research has explored staff perceptions of environmental features that enable or interfere with a program's implementation and therefore people's ability to participate in programs. Such research is necessary to ensure enablers are promoted and barriers are addressed to maximize treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore staff perceptions of an intensive violence reduction program, the Life Minus Violence-Enhanced program, in a forensic mental health hospital, and elucidate environmental features that staff think may impact the program's delivery. Eight individual interviews with staff and senior clinical leaders were conducted over a 2-year period. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Nine major themes were identified. Results highlighted several environmental barriers that may impact the delivery of intervention programs and the ability of people in the hospital to participate. Importantly, findings suggest the need for programs to be valued by all staff, greater resourcing to be provided to ensure programs run effectively, and wider staff support to ensure new learning and skill development are supported outside of formal treatment sessions. Additionally, staff highlighted the need for a culture within the hospital that is supportive of intervention programs more broadly and integration of the program with other key rehabilitation and recovery activities.
Tradition-Aware Chaplaincy Theory (TACT): A Name Change for and Evolution of Religiously Informed, Relationally Skillful Chaplaincy Theory
Authors: Ragsdale Judith R.
Published: February 2025

Religiously Informed, Relationally Skillful Chaplaincy Theory (RIRSCT) (Ragsdale & Desjardins, 2020) is a chaplaincy theory positing that healthcare chaplains would be more helpful to patients and to members of the healthcare team if they were better versed in how patients’ religious beliefs and practices impacted their healthcare experience. Changing the theory's name to Tradition-Aware Chaplaincy Theory expands the original theory to include spiritualities and secular belief systems not included in the term “Religiously Informed.”
Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy After Initiation of Automated Insulin Delivery System in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Karakus Kagan E. , Akturk Halis K. , Snell-Bergeon Janet K. , Shah Viral N.
Published: February 2025

Background:

To evaluate the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) after the initiation of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods:

In this longitudinal study with 152 adults, retinal exams and clinical variables were collected before and after AID initiation up to 2.7 years. The DR worsening was defined as an increase in Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scores or qualitative retinal exam.

Results:

A total of 152 adults with mean age of 42 years (57% female), 26 years of T1D duration, and mean baseline HbA1c of 7.6% (60 mmol/mol) were included in this analysis. Of 152 adults with T1D, 42 (28%) adults had DR worsening after AID initiation. After adjusting for age, diabetes duration, and sex, baseline HbA1c (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1 [1.34-3.04]) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >100 mg/dL with HbA1c >8% (OR = 3.33 [1.12-9.91]) were associated with two- and three-fold increased risk for DR worsening, respectively. The decline of HbA1c with AID initiation between DR worsening and no-DR worsening groups was not significant (−0.38 ± 1.2% vs −0.47 ± 0.9%; P = .6).

Conclusions:

Higher baseline HbA1c with LDL-C >100 mg/dL may be associated with DR worsening after initiation of AID systems in T1D. Those with elevated HbA1c should get periodic ophthalmic examination after AID initiation to detect progression of DR. Prompt diagnosis may result in timely treatment.
Analyzing the impact of bounded degree constraints on computational complexity of argumentation frameworks
Authors: Elaroussi Mohammed
Published: February 2025

This research explores the relationship between the bounded in-degree and out-degree of an argumentation framework and the computational complexity of the problems of Credulous Acceptance ( CredA ) and Skeptical Acceptance ( SkepA ) under preferred extensions. Researchers have studied the complexity of these problems when the in-degree [Formula: see text] and out-degree [Formula: see text] of the arguments are restricted to [Formula: see text]. Despite this restriction, the computational complexities of CredA and SkepA persist. Based on these results, we presents new results that provide deeper insights into the impact of additional constraints on the argumentation framework. Specifically, we show that when “[Formula: see text]” or “[Formula: see text]” is restricted to [Formula: see text], both problems CredA and SkepA can be solved in polynomial time. Subsequently, we impose additional constraints on the argumentation framework by analyzing the quantities “[Formula: see text],” “[Formula: see text],” and “[Formula: see text].” For an argumentation framework [Formula: see text] and all arguments “[Formula: see text]” of [Formula: see text], the parameter “[Formula: see text]” indicates the maximum number of attackers that any argument “[Formula: see text]” can have among all those that are not attacked by “[Formula: see text]” [Formula: see text], “[Formula: see text]” indicates the maximum number of arguments that any argument “[Formula: see text]” attacks among all those that do not attack “[Formula: see text]”, and “[Formula: see text]” denotes the maximum number of arguments that any argument “[Formula: see text]” attacks among those that attack “[Formula: see text]”. Surprisingly, even when all these quantities are restricted to [Formula: see text], the computational complexity of CredA persists. Furthermore, we explore the influence of symmetric attacks by fixing “[Formula: see text]” to zero, while setting “[Formula: see text]” and “[Formula: see text]” to [Formula: see text]. Remarkably, the complexity of CredA persists under this restriction as well.
Relationship of sKlotho with hemoglobin level in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: a case–control study
Authors: Liu Qi-Feng , Sun Zhuo-Yi , Tang Xiao-Fang , Yu Li-Xia , Li Sha-Sha
Published: February 2025

Background:

Klotho is a kidney-derived protein that is involved in various kidney diseases. The role of serum soluble Klotho (sKlotho) in the anemia of patients undergoing hemodialysis has not been well characterized.

Objective:

We aimed to characterize the relationship between sKlotho and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in this group of patients.

Design:

A single-center cross-sectional study of 208 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and 50 healthy controls was performed between June 1 and 31, 2023.

Methods:

Demographic information and biomedical parameters, such as age, body mass index, medication use, and their Hb, albumin, interleukin-6, and sKlotho concentrations, were obtained. Patients undergoing MHD were allocated to a group that achieved the Hb target (⩾110 g/L) and a group that did not (<110 g/L). Correlation analysis and multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship of sKlotho with Hb concentration.

Results:

Participants undergoing MHD had lower Hb and sKlotho concentrations than controls. Those who had not achieved the target Hb level were given fewer erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and had lower sKlotho and albumin concentrations, but higher interleukin-6 concentrations, than those who had achieved the Hb target. The sKlotho concentration positively correlated with the Hb concentration and was inversely associated with the incidence of a lack of achievement of the target Hb level. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that there was a close association between sKlotho and a lack of achievement of the target Hb level after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio: 0.335, 95% confidence interval: 0.142–0.791, p = 0.013). This relationship was closer on multivariate linear regression analysis when sKlotho was included as a continuous variable.

Conclusion:

The circulating sKlotho concentration is very low, but deficiency of this protein is independently associated with a high risk of anemia in patients undergoing MHD. Therefore, the routine monitoring of sKlotho concentration might be useful in the management of renal anemia in such patients.
A critical opinion-based review of hospital pharmacy compounding with respect to the risk of leachable substances due to the off-label use of plastic primary packaging
Authors: Bello William , Pezzatti Julian , Stampfli Camille , Carrez Laurent , Rudaz Serge , Sadeghipour Farshid
Published: February 2025

Hospital pharmacies play a unique role in healthcare by regularly compounding drug products (DPs) in response to hospital demands and practices, for example, drug shortages, to cater to frail and vulnerable patients with infectious, chronic or nutrition-related conditions. Drugs are compounded in precise concentrations for extended durations, sometimes involving complex formulations. A significant challenge in this context is the off-label use of short-term plastic primary packaging for long-term storage of compounded DPs, which could be due to a lack of awareness, financial constraints and inadequate regulation. Without proper risk assessments, such packaging can release potentially harmful leachable compounds, posing a serious threat to patient safety. Evaluating hospital pharmacy compounding procedures to mitigate this risk is essential. While off-label drug use is a well-known concept in hospitals, off-label use of plastic primary packaging is an entirely different practice. In both the United States and Europe, healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, are allowed to use medical devices, including primary packaging, in ways that are not explicitly approved by regulators based on their clinical judgement and best practices, taking into account the patient’s best interest. However, this off-label use could bring about unique risks and challenges, especially in the highly controlled environment of hospital pharmacy compounding, where patient safety is crucial. Therefore, the current review explores the historical context and the current landscape of hospital pharmacies, investigates the potential root causes of container closure integrity issues in pharmaceutical compounding, discusses the materials of construction as well as their physical–chemical properties influencing their roles in most popular primary packaging and finally presents expert opinions aimed at identifying long-term solutions to the existing challenges regarding their off-label uses in hospital pharmacy compounding.
What explains election-driven family conflicts?
Authors: Gatto Malu A. C. , Leal João Gabriel , Thomé Débora
Published: February 2025

As affective polarisation rises worldwide, so do concerns about how political disagreements affect social relationships, including families – a core building block of societies. The impact of political division on families has been a topic of interest for media outlets, but scholarship remains scarce. To contribute to this emerging debate, we ask: What factors increase the risk of election-driven family conflicts? Employing data from a national survey in Brazil, a highly polarised context, we find that the prevalence of election-driven family conflicts is low, affecting roughly only 3.5% of respondents. As our theory-development exercise reveals, even if not widely spread, election-driven family conflicts disproportionately affect one group: Lesbian, gay, and bisexual respondents. Our study adds to a growing scholarship on the detrimental impacts of polarised elections on the LGBTQI+ community – and reinforces the need for further research to investigate the heterogeneous effects of emerging political dynamics on marginalised groups.
A model for predicting factors affecting health information avoidance on WeChat
Authors: Chen Minghong , Huang Xiumei , Wu Yinger , Song Shijie , Qi Xianjun
Published: February 2025

Objective

WeChat serves as a crucial source of health information, distinguished by its highly personalized nature. Avoidance of such personalized health information has a direct impact on individuals’ health decision-making. This study aims to identify the factors influencing personalized health information avoidance on WeChat and to construct a hierarchical framework illustrating the relationships among these factors.

Methods

A hybrid method was utilized. Semi-structured interviews and grounded theory were used to identify the influencing factors. The interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method was adopted to develop a hierarchical model of the identified factors, followed by matrice d'impacts croises-multiplication appliqué a un classemen (MICMAC) to analyze the dependence and driving power of each factor.

Results

The 20 predictors of personalized health information avoidance were broadly categorized into three groups: personal, informational, and social factors. These factors collectively form a three-tier explanatory framework, consisting of the top, middle and bottom layers. At the root layer, health characteristics and cognition exerted a strong driving force, while negative emotions and affective factors at the top layer showed a high degree of dependence. In contrast, the decision-making cognition, informational factors, and social factors in the middle layer exhibited relatively weaker driving force and dependence power.

Conclusion

This study bridged the research gap of information avoidance by providing new insights targeting the factors influencing personalized health information avoidance behavior on WeChat. It also contributed to enhancing personal health information management and the health information services provided on WeChat.
Relational Rhythms: Investigating Longitudinal Advice Networks of a Leadership Team During Reform
Authors: Liou Yi-Hwa , Brouwer Jasperina , Daly Alan J. , Lee Yong-Shiuan
Published: February 2025

This study addressed the limited research on advice networks in educational reform by examining structural, relational, and cognitive factors that shape the formation of advice relationships within a districtwide leadership team in the United States. Using stochastic actor-oriented modeling, we investigated a longitudinal set of leadership data at four points in time in one public school district in California during its reform process. Hierarchical triadic structures consistently played a key role in advice relationships. Close friendships and self-efficacy were significant factors throughout the reform. Leaders preferred advice within their workplace level (homophily), but cross-level ties were critical during the reform’s middle phase. This study underscores the importance of fostering both within-level and cross-level advice-seeking relationships, making advice sources visible, and leveraging experienced leaders to guide colleagues, thereby enhancing self-efficacy and supporting cohesive reform efforts.
Immigration generations and perceptions of American courts: Unpacking complex generational effects
Authors: Li Luye , Wu Yuning
Published: February 2025

Immigrant perspectives on the criminal justice system have garnered significant scholarly interest in recent years. Yet, the trust levels of different generations of immigrants in American courts remain inadequately explored. Utilising data from the General Social Survey 2018, this study compares the levels of trust in American courts and confidence in the United States (U.S.) Supreme Court among first-, second-, and third-generation immigrants with those of the native-born group. The analysis considers several control variables, such as institutional confidence, general trust, attitudes towards penalties, and demographics. Findings reveal that first-generation immigrants exhibit greater trust in American courts than native-born individuals. Meanwhile, second-generation immigrants display lower confidence in the U.S. Supreme Court compared to their third-generation immigrant and native-born counterparts. All control variables influenced trust in American courts. Confidence in Congress and television, trust in people, age, and educational attainment impacted confidence in the U.S. Supreme Court. Finally, holding immigrant generations constant, Blacks expressed lower trust in American courts and less confidence in the U.S. Supreme Court than Whites, Hispanics, and Asians, and Asians demonstrated lower confidence in the U.S. Supreme Court relative to Whites and Hispanics.
Characterizing the heterogeneity of Castleman disease and oligocentric subtype: Findings from the ACCELERATE registry
Authors: Pierson Sheila K , Brandstadter Joshua D , Torigian Drew , Bagg Adam , Lechowicz Mary Jo , Alapat Daisy , Casper Corey , Chadburn Amy , Chandrakasan Shanmuganathan , Dispenzieri Angela , Fosså Alexander , Hoffmann Christian , Ide Makoto , Kurzrock Razelle , Mukherjee Sudipto , Nasta Sunita D. , Navarro José-Tomás , Noy Ariela , Oksenhendler Eric , Sarmiento Bustamante Mateo , Shyamsundar Saishravan , Streetly Matthew J , Wong Raymond Siu Ming , Zhang Lu , Lim Megan S , Srkalovic Gordan , van Rhee Frits , Fajgenbaum David C
Published: February 2025

Castleman disease (CD) describes a group of rare lymphoproliferative disorders that exhibit a wide range of symptomatology and degree of lymphadenopathy, particularly across the two forms of CD with unknown etiology, unicentric CD (UCD) and HHV-8-negative/idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD). Whereas UCD cases typically present with localized lymphadenopathy and mild symptoms, iMCD involves multicentric lymphadenopathy and cytokine-storm driven symptoms with three recognized clinical phenotypes. Increasingly, there are anecdotal reports of cases that do not fit into this framework, but these cases have not been systematically described. Herein, we utilize the ACCELERATE natural history registry to characterize the spectrum of CD based on disease features, symptomatology, and severity. Our results characterize a cohort of 179 CD cases, which were reviewed and confirmed by an expert panel of clinicians and hematopathologists. We show that CD patients present on a continuous spectrum of clinical phenotypes, and we describe oligocentric CD (OligoCD), an intermediate phenotype that does not fit the criteria for UCD or iMCD. These cases tend to have "oligocentric" lymphadenopathy (median [interquartile range] regions of lymphadenopathy: 3.0 [2.0,4.0]) in a regional pattern and exhibit a mild clinical phenotype that is more similar to UCD than iMCD. We also show that OligoCD patients are inconsistently categorized as UCD versus iMCD, highlighting the need for this characterization. Future data collected through ACCELERATE may further elucidate the natural history and risk profile of these patients.
Phase 1 trial of durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) combined with lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Authors: Querfeld Christiane , Palmer Joycelynne M. , Han Zhen , Wu Xiwei , Yuan Yate-Ching , Chen Min-Hsuan , Su Chingyu , Tsai Ni-Chun , Smith D. Lynne , Hammond Samantha N , Crisan Liliana , Song Joo Y , Pillai Raju K , Rosen Steven T T , Zain Jasmine
Published: February 2025

Selective targeting of the functionally exhausted malignant T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and distinct cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) via PD1/PD-L1 blockade (durvalumab) may restore an anti-tumor immune response. The oral immunomodulator lenalidomide, which has activity in CTCL, may enhance durvalumab immune checkpoint blockade. Our phase 1/2 clinical trial of durvalumab and lenalidomide in patients with refractory/advanced CTCL (NCT03011814) sought to assess safety and tolerability and identify the maximum tolerated dose/recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of lenalidomide plus fixed-dose durvalumab. Secondary and tertiary objectives were to investigate efficacy and effects on the TME. Thirteen patients were evaluable for toxicities and 12 for dose decisions and response. No serious adverse events (SAEs) or dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed during cycles 1-3 (DLT evaluation period), and dose level 3 is the RP2D. The most frequent AEs were tumor flare, fatigue, neutropenia, and leukopenia. Three patients developed grade 1/2 autoimmune thyroiditis that resolved with treatment. Best overall and skin response rates were 58.3% (95% CI: 27.7% - 84.8%) and 75% (95% CI: 42.8% - 94.5%) respectively. Median cycles of treatment were 11 (range, 3-42+). Median duration of response was 25.5 (range 8-36.5) months. The combination showed clinical activity with 7 partial responses, and 4 stable disease. Potentially predictive immune signatures were downregulation of TNF-alpha signaling via NFκB, IFN-gamma, and PI3-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways in responders vs up-regulation of MYC targets and pro-inflammatory pathways in non-responders. Profiling of immune cell compositions revealed changes in individual immune cell clusters based on treatment response.
In Vitro Studies of Human Erythropoiesis Using a 3D Silk-Based Bone Marrow Model That Generates Erythroblastic Islands
Authors: Di Buduo Christian Andrea , Careddu Francesca , Metti Samuele , Lunghi Marco , Diprima Santo , Camilotto Virginia , Bruni Giovanna , Gianelli Umberto , Tosi Delfina , Perotti Cesare G , Del Fante Claudia , Cazzola Mario , Braghetta Paola , Kaplan David , Minetti Giampaolo , Malcovati Luca , Balduini Alessandra
Published: February 2025

The pursuit of ex vivo erythrocyte generation has led to the development of various culture systems that simulate the bone marrow microenvironment. However, these models often fail to fully replicate the hematopoietic niche's complex dynamics. In our research, we employ a comprehensive strategy that emphasizes physiological red blood cell (RBC) differentiation using a minimal cytokine regimen. A key innovation in our approach is the integration of a three-dimensional (3D) silk-based scaffold engineered to mimic both the physical and chemical properties of human bone marrow. This scaffold facilitates critical macrophage-RBC interactions and incorporates fibronectin functionalization to support the formation of erythroblastic island (EBI)-like niches. We observed diverse stages of erythroblast maturation within these niches, driven by the activation of autophagy, which promotes organelle clearance and membrane remodeling. This process leads to reduced surface integrin expression and significantly enhances RBC enucleation. Using a specialized bioreactor chamber, millions of RBCs can be detached from the EBIs and collected in transfusion bags via dynamic perfusion. Inhibition of autophagy through pharmacological agents or alpha4 integrin blockade, disrupted EBI formation, preventing cells from completing their final morphological transformations and remaining trapped in the erythroblast stage. Our findings underscore the importance of the bone marrow niche in maintaining the structural integrity of EBIs and highlight the critical role of autophagy in facilitating organelle clearance during RBC maturation. RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed that these processes are uniquely supported by the 3D silk scaffold, which is essential for enhancing RBC production ex vivo.
Fedratinib in 2025 and Beyond: Indications and Future Applications
Authors: Coltoff Alexander , Mascarenhas John O.
Published: February 2025

Dysregulated JAK/STAT signaling underlies the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis, a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by cytopenias, splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms. JAK inhibitors, such as fedratinib, are the primary therapeutic option for patients with high-risk or symptomatic myelofibrosis. Fedratinib has characteristics that distinguish it from the other commercially available JAK inhibitors, such as its preferential inhibition of JAK2 and its inhibitory effects on kinases such as FLT3 and BRD4. Fedratinib is most often used in the second-line setting after intolerance or resistance to other JAK inhibitors, but there is substantial evidence that it is an effective first-line option in the appropriate patient population. Prevention and early treatment of fedratinib-related gastrointestinal toxicity is key to maintaining adequate drug exposure, and clinicians must remain vigilant for Wernicke encephalopathy during treatment. Fedratinib's JAK2 selectivity and kinome profile make it an appealing agent for alternative indications, such as myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms and maintenance after bone marrow transplantation, which are under active investigation.
Physical activity as a predictor of fremanezumab response in chronic migraine – the Phy-Fre-Mig study
Authors: Sierra-Mencía Álvaro , Recio-García Andrea , García-Azorín David , de la Torre Antonio José Molina , González Isabel Ros , Guerrero-Peral Ángel Luis
Published: February 2025

Background

The relationship between physical activity (PA) and migraine is insufficiently understood. Studies have not analysed levels of PA or Time Sitting (TS) during preventive treatment, nor the role these might play in the response to preventive treatment.

Methods

An observational, longitudinal prospective study in a headache clinic was conducted. All consecutive chronic migraine patients initiating fremanezumab were invited to participate and were followed for three visits. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) - long version was used.

Results

Seventy-six patients with a median of 46 years old, 84.2% female were enrolled. One month after fremanezumab administration, there was a significant increase of most PA variables and a significant decrease in TS levels compared with baseline; headache days and walking, TS and migraine days showed a moderate correlation. Three months after initiation, all PA variables statistically increased and TS levels statistically decreased, and variables such as headache/migraine days showed a moderate correlation with all PA variables analysed. In the multivariate analysis, higher levels of walking at baseline were independently associated with response to fremanezumab (ORa: 1.194; CI: 1.018–1.401, p = 0.029).

Conclusion

Patients who spent more time walking before starting treatment, were more likely to have a response to fremanezumab. PA and TS levels changed since the first month and correlated with clinical variables.