bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PCR-detectable Candida DNA exists a short period in the blood of systemic candidiasis murine model
Authors: He Zheng-Xin , Zhao Hui-Hai , Wang Fu-Kun
Published: September 2020

Invasive candidiasis is a major challenge to clinical medicine today. However, traditional fungal diagnostic techniques and empirical treatments have shown great limitations. Although efforts are necessarily needed in methodology standardization and multicenter validation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very promising assay in detecting fungal pathogens. Using a “heat-shock” DNA preparation method, a rapid and simple PCR protocol for quantification of the Candida albicans (C. albicans) ribosomal DNA was established. The PCR assay could detect Candida DNA as low as 10 CFU/mL in samples prepared by the heat-shock protocol, without any cross-reaction with DNA prepared from other Candida spp. and bacterial pathogens. For simulated blood samples, the PCR test sensitivity of whole blood samples was better than that of plasma and blood cells. In the systemic candidiasis murine model, detectable DNA was only observed within 24 h after C. albicans SC5314 injection, which is much shorter than that observed in the kidney.
Validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of hydroxychloroquine and metabolites in human whole blood
Authors: Austin Donna , John Catharine , Hunt Beverley J , Carling Rachel S.
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an anti-malarial and immunomodulatory drug reported to inhibit the Corona virus, SARS-CoV-2, in vitro. At present there is insufficient evidence from clinical trials to determine the safety and efficacy of HCQ as a treatment for COVID-19. However, since the World Health Organisation declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorisation to allow HCQ and Chloroquine (CQ) to be distributed and used for certain hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and numerous clinical trials are underway around the world, including the UK based RECOVERY trial, with over 1000 volunteers. The validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of HCQ and two of its major metabolites, desethylchloroquine (DCQ) and di-desethylchloroquine (DDCQ), in whole blood is described.

Methods

Blood samples were deproteinised using acetonitrile. HCQ, DCQ and DDCQ were chromatographically separated on a biphenyl column with gradient elution, at a flow rate of 500 μL/min. The analysis time was 8 min.

Results

For each analyte linear calibration curves were obtained over the concentration range 50-2000 μg/L, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 13 μg/L, the inter-assay relative standard deviation (RSD) was <10% at 25, 800 and 1750 μg/L and mean recoveries were 80, 81, 78 and 62% for HCQ, d4-HCQ, DCQ and DDCQ, respectively.

Conclusion

This method has acceptable analytical performance and is applicable to the therapeutic monitoring of HCQ, evaluating the pharmacokinetics of HCQ in COVID-19 patients and supporting clinical trials.
A Semi-Uniform Multigrid Algorithm for Solving Elliptic Interface Problems
Authors: Jo Gwanghyun , Kwak Do Young
Published: September 2020

We introduce a new geometric multigrid algorithm to solve elliptic interface problems.
First we discretize the problems by the usual

P
1

{P_{1}}

-conforming finite element methods on a semi-uniform grid which is obtained by refining a uniform grid.
To solve the algebraic system, we adopt subspace correction methods for which we use uniform grids as the auxiliary spaces.
To enhance the efficiency of the algorithms, we define a new transfer operator between a uniform grid and a semi-uniform grid so that the transferred functions satisfy the flux continuity along the interface.
In the auxiliary space, the system is solved by the usual multigrid algorithm with a similarly modified prolongation operator.
We show

𝒲

{\mathcal{W}}

-cycle convergence for the proposed multigrid algorithm.
We demonstrate the performance of our multigrid algorithm for problems having various ratios of parameters.
We observe that the computational complexity of our algorithms are robust for all problems we tested.
The Five Models for State and Religion: Atheism, Theocracy, State Church, Multiculturalism, and Secularism
Authors: Cliteur Paul , Ellian Afshin
Published: September 2020

This article deals with one of the perennial questions of legal and political philosophy, ie, how the state should relate to religion? It makes a distinction between five models: (i) the atheist state, (ii) the theocratic state, (iii) the model of an official state church, (iv) the multiculturalist state, and (v) the agnostic state (or secular state). The authors reflect on the legitimacy of each of these models. Some states reclaim their right to adopt an official religion as their state religion or as the religious Leitkultur of their country (model iii). Others favor the support of religion as long as this is premised on the equal rights of all religions (model iv). And others think that the state can only support equal citizenship if the state does not support any religion whatsoever (model v).
Development and performance improvement of a novel zero cross-correlation code for SAC-OCDMA systems
Authors: Li Xiang , Ding Qing-an , Nie Bowen , Liu Changqing , Wang Xiaojuan , Song Juan , Li Chaofan , Zhang Lijun
Published: September 2020

In order to improve the performance of the Spectral Amplitude Coding-Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) system, a zero cross-correlation (ZCC) code named double weight multi-diagonal (DW-MD) is proposed with constant weight (CW) or variable weight (VW). Mathematical results illustrate that it is feasible to reduce the number of filters without sacrificing system performance by using the CW DW-MD code instead of the multi-diagonal (MD) code. And for the VW DW-MD code, the supportable number of users for lower code weight W

L
(3) at bit error rate (BER) of 10−3 (voice) is 43, medium code weight W

M
(4) at BER of 10−9 (data) is 29, and higher code weight W

H
(5) at BER of 10−12 (video) is 32. Finally, the analysis about the position of chips “1” is given, and the simulation setups show that the CW DW-MD code outperforms the MD code when Gaussian optical filter is used.
CD34 immunostain increases sensitivity of the diagnosis of fetal vascular malperfusion in placentas from ex-utero intrapartum treatment
Authors: Stanek Jerzy
Published: September 2020

Objectives

EXIT (ex-utero intrapartum treatment) procedure is a fetal survival-increasing modification of cesarean section. Previously we found an increase incidence of fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) in placentas from EXIT procedures which indicates the underlying stasis of fetal blood flow in such cases. This retrospective analysis analyzes the impact of the recently introduced CD34 immunostain for the FVM diagnosis in placentas from EXIT procedures.

Methods

A total of 105 placentas from EXIT procedures (48 to airway, 43 to ECMO and 14 to resection) were studied. In 73 older cases, the placental histological diagnosis of segmental FVM was made on H&E stained placental sections only (segmental villous avascularity) (Group 1), while in 32 most recent cases, the CD34 component of a double E-cadherin/CD34 immunostain slides was also routinely used to detect the early FVM (endothelial fragmentation, villous hypovascularity) (Group 2). Twenty-three clinical and 47 independent placental phenotypes were compared by χ2 or ANOVA, where appropriate.

Results

There was no statistical significance between the groups in rates of segmental villous avascularity (29 vs. 34%), but performing CD34 immunostain resulted in adding and/or upgrading 12 more cases of segmental FVM in Group 2, thus increasing the sensitivity of placental examination for FVM by 37%. There were no other statistically significantly differences in clinical (except for congenital diaphragmatic hernias statistically significantly more common in Group 2, 34 vs. 56%, p=0.03) and placental phenotypes, proving the otherwise comparability of the groups.

Conclusions

The use of CD34 immunostain increases the sensitivity of placental examination for FVM by 1/3, which may improve the neonatal management by revealing the increased likelihood of the potentially life-threatening neonatal complications.
Drei Bedeutungen von ‚Identität‘ bei Kant, Fichte und Hegel
Authors: Oehl Thomas
Published: September 2020

This paper distinguishes between three meanings of “identity”: logical identity, identity of self-consciousness, and personal identity. It raises the question of how these three meanings are related to one another and reconstructs Kant’s, Fichte’s and Hegel’s answers to this question. Kant conceives of logical identity and the identity of self-consciousness as two different species of the genus “identity”. Fichte holds that logical identity is to be deduced from the identity of self-consciousness. Nevertheless, Kant and Fichte agree that “personal identity” is homonymous with these two meanings of identity. Hegel objects to this, arguing that identity of self-consciousness is only conceivable as an aspect of personal identity and that logical identity is an abstraction of the understanding.
The Problem of Schematism in Kant and its Transformation in Southwest Neo-Kantianism
Authors: Krijnen Christian
Published: September 2020

The meaning and validity of Kant’s Kant’s doctrine of schematism remains contested until today. In neo-Kantianism and post-War transcendental philosophy, Kant’s schematism of the pure concepts of understanding is transformed drastically. Kant’s thesis of heterogeneity is overcome by taking it back into the internal relationships of the structure of cognition. The spontaneity of thought, performing schematizations, is retained, but Kant’s project of conceiving of the foundations of knowledge in the fashion of a theory of apperception of the I as well as the externality of the given and the determination of the given that goes along with it is sublated by an objective order of validity-noematic constitution and regulation. Kant’s doctrine of schematism, then, shows to be methodology.
Cohen’sLogik der reinen Erkenntnisand Cassirer’sSubstanzbegriff und Funktionsbegriff
Authors: Pringe Hernán
Published: September 2020

This paper compares Cohen’sLogic of Pure Knowledgeand Cassirer’sSubstance and Functionin order to evaluate how in these works Cohen and Cassirer go beyond the limits established by Kantian philosophy. In hisLogic, Cohen seeks to ground in pure thought all the elements which Kant distinguishes in empirical intuition: its matter (sensation) as well as its form (time and space). In this way, Cohen tries to provide an account of knowledge without appealing to any receptivity. In accordance with Cohen’s project of reformulating the Kantian theory of sensibility, Cassirer undertakes inSubstance and Functionthe task of developing an alternative doctrine of pure and empirical manifolds. But whereas Cohen analyzes the laws of pure thought, Cassirer aims to highlight the functional character of concepts in the development of modern mathematics and physics. I will discuss these two different approaches to the problems raised by Kantian philosophy and I will argue that Cassirer went further than Cohen in the project of critical idealism.
A Tutorial on the Classical Theories of Electromagnetic Scattering and Diffraction
Authors: Mansuripur Masud
Published: September 2020

Starting with Maxwell’s equations, we derive the fundamental results of the Huygens-Fresnel-Kirchhoff and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld theories of scalar diffraction and scattering. These results are then extended to cover the case of vector electromagnetic fields. The famous Sommerfeld solution to the problem of diffraction from a perfectly conducting half-plane is elaborated. Far-field scattering of plane waves from obstacles is treated in some detail, and the well-known optical cross-section theorem, which relates the scattering cross-section of an obstacle to its forward scattering amplitude, is derived. Also examined is the case of scattering from mild inhomogeneities within an otherwise homogeneous medium, where, in the first Born approximation, a fairly simple formula is found to relate the far-field scattering amplitude to the host medium’s optical properties. The related problem of neutron scattering from ferromagnetic materials is treated in the final section of the paper.
Free-standing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membrane for salt-rejecting solar desalination via size effect
Authors: Zhuang Pengyu , Fu Hanyu , Xu Ning , Li Bo , Xu Jun , Zhou Lin
Published: September 2020

Interfacial solar vapor generation has revived the solar-thermal-based desalination due to its high conversion efficiency of solar energy. However, most solar evaporators reported so far suffer from severe salt-clogging problems during solar desalination, leading to performance degradation and structural instability. Here, we demonstrate a free-standing salt-rejecting reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membrane serving as an efficient, stable, and antisalt-fouling solar evaporator. The evaporation rate of the membrane reaches up to 1.27 kg m−2 h−1 (solar–thermal conversion efficiency ∼79%) under one sun, out of 3.5 wt% brine. More strikingly, due to the tailored narrow interlayer spacing, the rGO membrane can effectively reject ions, preventing salt accumulation even for high salinity brine (∼8 wt% concentration). With enabled salt-antifouling capability, flexibility, as well as stability, our rGO membrane serves as a promising solar evaporator for high salinity brine treatment.
Determination of hydrophobic degree of paper packaging materials by a tracer-assisted headspace gas chromatography
Authors: Dai Yi , Yu Zhen-Hua , Wang Hao , Zhan Jian-Bo , Xie Jiao , Yue Bao-Shan , Xie Wei-Qi , Chai Xin-Sheng
Published: September 2020

The present work reports on a method for the determination of hydrophobic degree of paper packaging material by tracer-assisted headspace gas chromatography. The method was based on adding 40 μL of methanol-water drop on the paper surface for 20 s. After removing the excess water by turning the sample vertically, the sample is placed in a vial and the amount of residual tracer attached on the material surface was accurately quantified by full evaporation headspace gas chromatography. The results show that the present method has a good precision (less than 4.1 %). The present method is simple and accurate and it can be an efficient tool for testing the hydrophobic degree of paper packaging material in batch.
Partial circuit closure of filtrate in an ECF bleaching plant
Authors: de Almeida Batista Leonard , Silva Claudio Mudadu , Nascimben Santos Erika , Colodette Jorge Luiz , Rezende Ana Augusta Passos , Cola Zanuncio José
Published: September 2020

The bleaching sector of the wood pulp industry is its largest effluent generator. The aim of this study was to reuse the bleaching filtrate in order to reduce water consumption. The experiment was conducted by simulating the D0(EP)D1 bleaching sequence and recirculating different amounts of filtrate from the oxidation stage to control the pulp consistency of the delignification stage (pre-O). Physical, mechanical, chemical and optical properties of the pulp were studied. The accumulation of the non-process elements (NPE) and their effects were evaluated with the Aspen-Plus® computer simulator. The results of the computational modeling were satisfactory. The recirculation of filtrates increased the saturation index of the system by 19 %, but remained at sub-saturation levels. The pulp viscosity and elongation remained statistically stable. Recirculation of up to 50 % of the filtrate did not produce differences in pulp brightness; however, there were slight losses in the pulp resistances. In order to maintain 84 % ISO brightness, there was a higher consumption of the bleaching reagents. Up to 50 % of recirculation of the filtrates was accomplished without jeopardizing the system and the pulp quality and resulted in a savings of 55 m3 h−1 of water – 7 % of the consumption of the entire mill.
Development and characterization of ethyl cellulose nanosponges for sustained release of brigatinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Muqtader , Fatima Farhat , Anwer Md. Khalid , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Das Sabya Sachi , Alshahrani Saad M.
Published: September 2020

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) contributes to about 85% of lung cancer. By 2040, lung cancer cases estimated to rise to 3.6 million globally. Brigatinib (BG) acts as tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target the epidermal growth factor receptor of the epithelial lung cancer cells. BG loaded nanosponges (NSs) were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation technique using ethylcellulose (EC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizer. Eight formulations were developed by varying the concentration of the drug (BG), EC and PVA followed by optimization through particle characterization; size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), drug entrapment and loading efficiency. The optimized formulation BGNS5 showed particles size (261.0 ± 3.5 nm), PDI (0.301) and ZP(−19.83 ± 0.06 Mv) together with entrapment efficiency (85.69 ± 0.04%) and drug loading (17.69 ± 0.01%). FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM showed drug-polymer compatibility, entrapment of drug in EC core, non-crystallinity of BG in NS and confirm spherical porous nature of the NS. BGNS5 reflects drug release in a sustained manner, 86.91 ± 2.12% for about 12 h. BGNS5 significantly decreased the cell viability of A549 human lung cancer cell lines with less hemolytic ratio compared to pure drug BG and EC. Based on the aforementioned results BGNS5 could be used in the effective treatment of NSCLC.
Polysulfone nanofiltration membranes enriched with functionalized graphene oxide for dye removal from wastewater
Authors: Abdelhamid Ahmed E. , El-Sayed Ahmed A. , Khalil Ahmed M.
Published: September 2020

Composite-nanofiltration membranes based on polysulfone (PSU) and functionalized graphene oxide (f-GO) were prepared for dye removal from aqueous media. Graphene oxide (GO) was introduced to enhance the performance of these membranes. GO was functionalized using an aminated heterocyclic compound, namely 6-amino-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-methyl-4-phenyl-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridine-5carbonitrile. The f-GO was incorporated into the PSU membrane matrix in different weight ratios (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 wt %). Characterizing the produced membranes with scanning electron microscope, Fourier Transform Infrared - Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray diffraction indicated the well dispersion of f-GO in the membrane matrix. The obtained membranes were applied to remove Congo red and methylene blue, as typical anionic and cationic dyes respectively from water. The modified membranes showed superior efficiency in terms of water flux and dye rejection upon being compared with the control membrane. The composite membranes loaded with f-GO exhibited promising dye removal efficiency for both dyes.
Urban Public Health? Ohne HiaP nicht denkbar
Authors: Moebus Susanne , Skodra Julita , Sutcliffe Robynne
Published: September 2020

Städte müssen in gesundheitsfördernde und resiliente Orte transformiert werden, die u.a. Gesundheitsförderung, Nachhaltigkeit und Governance integrativ behandeln. Für Urban Public Health bedarf es eines Paradigmenwechsels von Krankheitsbekämpfung hin zu verhältnisbezogener Gesundheitsförderung sowie einer engen Kooperation mit den Bereichen Stadtplanung, Logistik, Verkehr und Umwelt in Praxis und Forschung. Eine gesundheitsfördernde Stadtentwicklung ist ohne die Verankerung von Gesundheit in allen Politikfeldern nicht denkbar.
The effect of nanoparticles on gas permeability with polyimide membranes and network hybrid membranes: a review
Authors: Gao Chengyun , Liao Jiayou , Lu Jingqiong , Ma Jiwei , Kianfar Ehsan
Published: September 2020

Polyimide membranes and network hybrid membranes exhibit high permeability despite good thermal and chemical stability, and high selectivity in gas mixture separation. In this study, the effect of nanoparticle distribution on the network polymer network, and changes in permeability, selectivity, and structure of the composite lattice membrane are investigated. According to the obtained permeability results, this increase in permeability was due to the increase of polymer network free volume and the formation of cavities in the nanoparticle-polymer interface. The significant results were that the permeability growth of gases with larger molecular size such as methane and nitrogen was higher than other gases. A comparison of the permeability growth of gases with the increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles confirms the dominance of the molecular sieve mechanism and the type of membrane transport mechanism change over polyimide and network Hybrid.
North Korea’s Evolving Cyber Strategies: Continuity and Change
Authors: Raska Michael
Published: September 2020

Pyongyang sees the Korean Peninsula as entrenched in a geopolitical deadlock among great powers, with the United States continuing to employ what the North Korean regime sees as a “hostile policy” detrimental to its survival, its ability to shape relevant events, and the country’s political and economic development. While the core security concerns of South Korea and the United States are North Korea’s growing nuclear weapons and ballistic missile capabilities, the alliance must increasingly also prioritize the continuous development of North Korea’s cyber capabilities, both offensive and defensive. North Korea aims to gain strategic advantage by pursuing cost-effective, asymmetric military capabilities, including cyber strategies, to gather intelligence, coerce its rivals, financially extort others, and otherwise exert influence in ways that are resistant to traditional deterrence and defense countermeasures. Seoul and Washington need a full-spectrum military readiness posture against the full range of potential North Korean provocations, while European democracies need to strengthen their cyber readiness posture to effectively track and counter North Korea’s evolving global cyber operations.
Propp Revisited: A Structural Analysis of Vuk Karadžić’s Collection Serbian Folk Fairy Tales
Authors: Vučković Dijana , Bratić Vesna
Published: September 2020

In the mid-19th century Vuk Stefanović Karadžić collected folk tales in the broader South-Slavic region and published them in a collection titled Serbian Folk Tales. Folk fairy tales make the major part of the collection. In this paper, the authors determine the folk fairy tale structure according to the methodology proposed by Vladimir Propp in the Morphology of the Folktale. The aim of the paper is to investigate, whether these fairy tales can be fully described using Propp’s Morphology. Propp’s model of the meta-folk fairy tale was developed inductively based on a rich, comprehensive, yet limited, corpus of Russian folk fairy tales, which opens up space for further testing of the proposed model.

The hypothesis was set that the analyzed folk fairy tales completely conform to the plot structure of the meta-folk fairy tale with a maximum of 31 functions as proposed by Propp. The hypothesis is grounded in: 1. the time when the folktales were collected (mid-19th century, the same time as the Russian collection analyzed by Propp) and 2. the similarity of the South Slavic peoples with the peoples of the Slavic East.

However, after categorial and structural analyses of the corpus were performed, it was clear that the hypothesis could not be accepted in its entirety. In the analyzed folk fairy tales, no new functions were found as compared to the 31 functions identified by Propp, but some of these functions were altered as compared to those to be expected in folk tales. This alteration occurred not only regarding the changed order of functions, assimilation and cases of dual morphological meanings of functions, but also in terms of the fantastic category of the marvelous, which is the core feature of the fairy tale genre, whose nature was changed. The study identified the rationalization of some magical motifs, which partially mitigates the quality of the miraculous in the fairy tale and found out that, in some cases, the marvelous was mitigated and “shifted” towards the (merely) fantastic. This was achieved by introducing oniric elements. One of the important conclusions of our study of the fairy tale is that these fairy tales, although labeled as folk tales, feature significant authorial intervention.
Covid-19: die palliativmedizinische und geriatrische Perspektive
Authors: Kunz Roland
Published: September 2020

Die aktuellen Erfahrungen zeigen, dass Covid-19 besonders ältere Menschen bedroht, die eine höhere Mortalität durch die Infektion aufweisen. Die behördlichen Schutzmaßnahmen wie Besuchs- und Ausgehverbot sollen sie davor schützen. Sie verursachen aber gleichzeitig neues Leid durch die Isolation und erschweren die Begleitung am Lebensende. Die schlechte Prognose intensivmedizinischer Maßnahmen erfordert eine vorausschauende Planung und Entscheidungsfindung, aber auch ein kompetentes palliatives Versorgungsnetz. Dazu gehört auch Spiritual Care zur Hilfe bei der Bewältigung existenzieller Fragen und Ängste.
Gottvertrauen und Nächstenliebe
Authors: Schilling Johannes
Published: September 2020

Martin Luther hat 1527 auf Anfrage eine Schrift veröffentlicht, in der er in Zeiten der Pest-Pandemie Ratschläge für ein angemessenes Verhalten von Christenmenschen gibt. Unter Berücksichtigung der Gefahren, die mit der Krankheit verbunden sind, tritt Luther für ein besonnenes, aber angstfreies Verhältnis zu der Situation ein. Angesichts der unterschiedlichen Mentalitäten der Menschen soll man niemanden überfordern. Das Grundgebot der Gottes- und Nächstenliebe aber gilt auch und gerade in solchen aufgeregten Zeiten.
L’influence de Pr 30,11–14 sur le Ps 109 dans continuité de celle de Pr 30,1–14 sur le Ps 18et la dénonciation des pratiques de malédiction
Authors: Gosse Bernard
Published: September 2020

Le Ps 109 développe dans le Psautier le thème de la malédiction qui y est très peu présent par ailleurs, le Psautier se présentant comme un livre de bénédictions. Il s’agit en fait d’un retournement de malédictions contre celui qui les pratique. De ce point de vue le Ps 109 se situe dans la ligne des dénonciations de Pr 30,11–14, non seulement quant à l’usage de la malédiction et de la bénédiction, mais encore quant aux comportements à l’égard du pauvre et du malheureux ‘ny et ’bywn, comme dans le premier psautier davidique Ps 3–41. Voir également les liens plus larges du Ps 18 avec Pr 30,1–14, le Ps 18 comportant une réaffirmation conjointe du pauvre et du messie. Les allusions du Ps 109 quant aux rites de malédictions trouvent quelques parallèles bibliques, mais également extrabibliques quant aux rites liés à l’alliance d’un suzerain avec ses subordonnés.
Middle and Passive Voice: Semantic Distinctions of the Niphal in Biblical Hebrew
Authors: Jones Ethan
Published: September 2020

Scholars struggle to delineate the differences between the middle and passive voice. This is particularly apparent in scholarship on the Niphal (Biblical Hebrew). Using recent linguistic research (Ágel 2017; 2007), this article attempts to assist Hebraists and exegetes by distinguishing the passive and middle Niphal. Applying the concept of linguistic perspective, the categories of endoactive and exoactive predicates are illustrated on mlṭ and nṣl. In sum, this article demonstrates that linguistic perspective is able to clarify semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic complexities of the Niphal.
The Multiplication of the Israelites in Egypt: A Priestly Innovation
Authors: Rice John Will
Published: September 2020

The growth of the Israelites in the land of Egypt as reported in the opening chapter of Exodus naturally exhibits close ties to the promises of progeny made by the deity to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob across Genesis. The present analysis presents a model of composition for Exod 1 that reckons with three large compositional phases, which were then subject to various smaller supplementations: 1) the priestly connection to Genesis; 2) a »Joseph redaction« over the priestly material; 3) the post-priestly addition of the episode of the Hebrew midwives.
›Writing on the Heart‹ (Jer 31:31–34): An Allusion to Scribal Training? A Response to Joachim J. Krause
Authors: Schmid Konrad
Published: September 2020

This contribution includes a critical discussion of Joachim J. Krause, »›Writing on the Heart‹ in Jeremiah 31:31–34 in Light of Recent Insights into the Oral-Written Interface and Scribal Education in Ancient Israel,« ZAW 132 (2020): 236–249.
Los tratamientos pronominales T/V en un contexto situacional de formalidad alta
Authors: Garrido Ardila J. A.
Published: September 2020

This article analyses the usage of T/V forms of address in Peninsular Spanish in a context of high formality —four interviews on Spanish national television of ca. 40 minutes each to frontbench politicians by top political analysts. Whilst the interviewers used V consistently, from the different choices of T/V pronouns made by the interviewees a number of intriguing conclusions are inferred. Unlike previous research into the addressees’ social factors, this research shows that the addressees’ age, sex and power/authority did not necessarily have an impact on the speakers’ choice of T or V. Conversely, the factor common to those speakers who used T was their young age (not the addressees’). Additionally, the cases of variation within the same speaker’s speech, changing from V to T, were prompted by the speaker’s desire to implicate less solidarity in moments when they disagreed with their interlocutors. In sum, this research reveals that the choice of T or V, even in contexts of the highest formality, may depend on the speaker’s idiosyncrasy and will to express more or less distance with their addressee.
Die maritime Wirtschaft im Lichte der modernen Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensgeschichte
Authors: Wixforth Harald
Published: September 2020

Maritime Economy in the Perspective of Modern Economic and Business History

The maritime economy has been the leading economic sector of the German coastal regions since the beginning of the early modern era. In contrast to its importance for the society and economy of the North Sea and Baltic regions, the interest of Economic and Business historians in its development within those regions during the last three centuries has been comparatively low. Most studies concerning shipbuilding are dominated by more political-historical focused approaches, which leave aside significant research questions that would benefit our understanding of the specific development of the maritime economy and its businesses. In order to fill this gap and reach the level of research other nations have, significant efforts are necessary. Provided that enough source material is available and access to it is not limited by institutional restrictions, the maritime Economic and Business history in Germany is looking at promising prospects. To use this opportunity would expand our knowledge about the development of the «leading sectors» of some of the most important economic regions in Germany, especially, if the research questions and strategies of the modern Economic and Business history are applied.
Half-life measurement of 7Be in host beryllium metal
Authors: Ohtsuki T. , Hirose K. , Ohno K. , Morisato T.
Published: September 2020

The decay rate of an electron-capture nucleus is proportional to the electron density at the nucleus. To see how the decay rate is changed by artificially, we have measured the half-life of7Be in beryllium(Be) metal at room temperature (T=293 K) and at close to the temperature of liquid helium (T=5 K). We found that the half-life of7Be in Be metal at T=293 K is 53.25 ± 0.04 d, which is slightly longer than those in the hosts of graphite, lithium fluoride and other minerals, surveyed so far. Furthermore, that at T=5 K is 53.39 ± 0.04 d, which is 0.26% longer than that at T =293 K.
Radiochemical study of sub-barrier fusion hindrance in the 19F+209Bi reaction
Authors: Nishinaka I. , Kasamatsu Y. , Tanikawa M. , Goto S. , Asai M.
Published: September 2020

Production cross sections of fission product 99Mo produced in the reaction of 19F + 209Bi have been measured at the incident energies 135–83 MeV near and below the fusion barrier by radiochemical methods. The excitation function for the fusion-fission cross sections in this reaction were deduced down to 80 μb from the measured production cross sections. A systematic analysis of the fusion-fission excitation function shows that sub-barrier fusion hindrance in the heavy mass system 19F + 209Bi is different from that in the medium-heavy mass systems but similar to that in the medium-light mass system and in the heavy mass system. This work is the first radiochemical study of sub-barrier fusion hindrance in heavy mass systems.
Cross sections of 7Be, 22Na and 24Na for geochemical and cosmochemical important elements by monoenergetic 287 and 370 MeV neutrons
Authors: Ninomiya K. , Omoto T. , Nakagaki R. , Takahashi N. , Shinohara A. , Sekimoto S. , Utsunomiya T. , Yashima H. , Shibata S. , Shima T. , Kinoshita N. , Matsumura H. , Hagiwara M. , Iwamoto Y. , Satoh D. , Caffee M.W. , Welten K.C. , Imamura M. , Nishiizumi K.
Published: September 2020

Cross sections of 7Be, 22Na and 24Na for geochemically and cosmochemically important elements were measured at incident neutron energies of 287 and 370 MeV. The cross sections were measured in target exposed to high-energy monoenergetic neutrons at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University.
Acromegaly and the information gap: patient perceptions of the journey from primary to tertiary care
Authors: Pak Hei Yi Vivian , Lansdown Andrew , Taylor Peter , Rees Dafydd Aled , Davies John Stephen , Hayhurst Caroline
Published: September 2020

Objective

Acromegaly is a rare condition and there is often a long path to diagnosis for many patients. We sought to explore patient’s perceptions and understanding of acromegaly, to examine the quality of communication and find gaps in the information provided at diagnosis.

Design

A prospective study using qualitative research methodology and grounded theory. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 18 patients treated for acromegaly in a single tertiary centre and verbatim transcripts were thematically analysed for overarching themes.

Results

Eighteen patients with acromegaly were interviewed. The mean age of participants was 52 (range 30–72). Four overarching themes emerged; (1) Patients rely on online resources to understand acromegaly in the time between diagnosis and tertiary care clinic; (2) There is not enough support available for patients; (3) Patients have a basic understanding of acromegaly and associated conditions, but the long-term impact is underestimated; and (4) Patients initially felt intimidated by the multidisciplinary team panel, but overall found it useful.

Conclusion

Acromegalic patients have a strong need for information at the point of initial diagnosis, in particular online resources and interaction with other experienced patients. Wider dissemination of patient educational resources into primary and secondary care settings may improve overall patient satisfaction, treatment adherence and subsequent health care provider–patient relationships.
Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) in the biology of cancer: it is not just intermediary metabolism
Authors: Simmen Frank A , Alhallak Iad , Simmen Rosalia C M
Published: September 2020

Malic enzyme 1 (ME1) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate while concomitantly generating NADPH from NADP. Early studies identified ME1 as a mediator of intermediary metabolism primarily through its participatory roles in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. ME1 was one of the first identified insulin-regulated genes in liver and adipose and is a transcriptional target of thyroxine. Multiple studies have since documented that ME1 is pro-oncogenic in numerous epithelial cancers. In tumor cells, the reduction of ME1 gene expression or the inhibition of its activity resulted in decreases in proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and in vitro migration, and conversely, in promotion of oxidative stress, apoptosis and/or cellular senescence. Here, we integrate recent findings to highlight ME1’s role in oncogenesis, provide a rationale for its nexus with metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and raise the prospects of targeting the cytosolic NADPH network to improve therapeutic approaches against multiple cancers.
Keep Away From Mosquitoes: Science Evidence-based Suggestion
Authors: Shen Xiaofeng
Published: September 2020

It is mid-summer, and it is also the time for mosquitoes. How can we prevent to be bitten by the little bloodsuckers? It is a question we really want to be answered. Let us listen to the experts how we can do that.
Albumin versus Saline in Mortality in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Wang Fuzhou , Shen Xiaofeng
Published: September 2020

High mortality in critically ill patients is a challenge for the intensive care medicine. While different reasons were figured out and corresponding therapeutic protocols were recommended, the actual mortality is still high and it is hard to conquer it and make a big improvement of the overall outcomes. Albumin, the most abundant protein in human blood plasma, plays an essential role in maintaining oncotic pressure, in participating in as an important protein transporter, and in possessing many physiological functions. In the context of critical care medicine, administration of albumin was found benefit patients in increasing their survival rate. However, a more recent study reported that bolus injection of albumin in critically ill pediatric patients increased the mortality. Of this report, we analyzed carefully and commented their methodology in performing the study. Some issues were not that clear, and it is difficult to determine the real effect of albumin administration on the mortality in children. It is a challenge to answer one question precisely and in overall, and we herein raise our concerns on this topic to discuss them with other researchers.
The Hormone Replacement Therapy in Cerebrovascular Diseases: Is the Receptor Remodeled?
Authors: Wang Fuzhou
Published: September 2020

Events in cerebral vessel have long been considered as a leading cause of disability in postmenopausal women with the physiological changes in expression and secretion of sex hormones. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) emerged as a supplementary therapeutic strategy for them with the potential risk of cerebrovascular accidents. Epidemiological and genetic data showed that an interrelationship exists between hormone replacement and cerebrovascular disorders. Many animal experiments and clinical observations produced different results: these varied from positive to negative. Furthermore, recent studies could not identify the particular hormone, estrogen or progesterone that is more beneficial than the other. Here we summarize the two hormones’ effects on cerebrovascular diseases; associated epidemiological and genetic evidences; and the real status of the benefits and risks of HRT as well. We further hypothesize that whatever effects of HRT on brain vessel, hormone receptor expression, density, sensitivity and function may undergo alteration to varying extents, i.e. receptor plasticity gives rise to the receptor remodeling in postmenopausal older women, this may terminally produce the unwelcome effects.
Combined Repair Surgery for Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate: A 4-Year Clinical Experience
Authors: Wang Xu
Published: September 2020

Surgical repair is the only method of treatment for patients with cleft lip or/and palate. The cleft lip surgery is usually done when the child is 3 to 6 months old, while cleft palate repair is done between 2 and 3 years old in order to allow the palate to change as the child grows. Here we reported our experience of simultaneous surgeries for both cleft lip and cleft palate with satisfactory results in 48 patients who have not done cleft lip repair at early age. It reduced the treatment time, the patients’ pain, as well as the financial burden of the patients’ family by one operation.
Impact of Epidural Analgesia at Different Cervical Dilation on the Rate of Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Shen Xiaofeng
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Epidural analgesia is the optimal means in controlling labor pain, whereas the correlation between epidural analgesia at different cervix dilation and corresponding risk of operative delivery remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the epidural analgesia at different cervix and the rate of Cesarean in nulliparous women.
METHODS: This is a perspective controlled trial conducted in a University affiliated tertiary women’s health care hospital. After approval by the Institutional Ethical Committee, 780 nulliparous women who underwent spontaneous vaginal delivery at term requesting labor analgesia were screened and 596 of them were assigned into interventions. Subjects were allocated into one of four groups received epidural analgesia initiated at different cervical dilation, i.e. from the onset of painful uterine contraction to the cervix 50.0 mm or greater. The primary outcome was the rate of Cesarean delivery. Others included maternal and neonatal outcomes due to epidural analgesia and drug delivery.
RESULTS: Five hundred and thirty three subjects completed the study. Significant difference in the rate of Cesarean delivery was observed amongst the four groups (98.9% at cervix <= 10.0mm, 30.2% at cervix 11.0 – 30.0mm, 24.2% at cervix 31.0 – 50.0mm and 18.1% at cervix >= 51.0mm, P < 0.0001). The major reason led to high Cesarean rate at cervix <= 10.0 mm was poor labor progression (75.2%). No significant differences were expressed in variables of non-reassuring fetal status.
CONCLUSIONS: Epidural analgesia should be avoided in controlling labor pain at the cervix below 10.0mm due to its influence on the progress of labor resulting in high rate of Cesarean. Maternal characteristics are additional aspects need to be concerned during epidural labor control in nulliparous women.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Epidural Analgesia in Different Cervix Diameter and the Rate of Cesarean Delivery (EACDRCD). ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT00677274. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00677274.
Actitud hacia la matemática de los padres y las madres de estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Meza-Cascante Luis Gerardo , Suárez-Valdés-Ayala Zuleyka , Agüero-Calvo Evelyn , Calderón-Ferrey Martha , Jiménez-Céspedes Rodolfo , Sancho-Martínez Laura , Pérez-Tyteca Patricia , Monje-Parrilla Javier
Published: September 2020

El objetivo principal de la investigación fue estudiar el nivel de actitud hacia la matemática de los padres y las madres de familia de estudiantes de la educación secundaria oficial diurna costarricense, analizando la existencia de diferencias por sexo, por nivel de estudio y rango de edad. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa descriptiva-exploratoria. La muestra estuvo integrada por 1851 personas padres o madres de estudiantes de la educación secundaria pública, académica y diurna costarricense; el diseño muestral fue simple aleatorio estratificado, según la zona de ubicación (rural o urbana) y área geográfica (provincia) a la que pertenecía el estudiantado matriculado en el 2019. Asimismo, las técnicas estadísticas aplicadas fueron la t de Student y ANOVA de un factor para el estudio de las hipótesis de la investigación. Como resultado se infiere que existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en el nivel de actitud hacia la matemática, mostrando los primeros niveles superiores con tamaño del efecto bajo. Además, se detectaron diferencias entre las personas con educación primaria incompleta o educación secundaria incompleta con las que tienen educación universitaria completa, mostrando niveles mayores de actitud los últimos. También, se detectaron diferencias en la actitud hacia la matemática entre las personas con edades entre los 35 y los 50 años, con las de edades mayores, con tamaño del efecto bajo. Se concluye que un 75.6 % de las personas encuestadas manifestó niveles de actitud hacia la matemática altos, lo que se valora como un hallazgo positivo.
Leishmaniasis en Abancay (Perú, 1986-2006): sistematización y análisis retrospectivo de 21 años de enfermedad
Authors: Cánovas Natalia , Lizárraga-Trujillo José , Nguewa Tchinda Paul
Published: September 2020

Objetivos: recopilación, digitalización, estructuración y análisis de los datos de los pacientes de leishmaniasis tegumentaria atendidos en el Centro Médico Santa Teresa de Abancay (Perú) entre 1986 y 2006, a fin de realizar una descripción minuciosa de la muestra y de la patología en el área estudiada. Material y métodos: recopilación y fotografiado de fichas epidemiológicas, diseño de una base de datos (586 pacientes y 63 variables) y análisis estadístico. Resultados: la descripción demográfica contempla edad, sexo (94% varones), nivel de formación (casi 50% primaria), ocupación durante el contagio (48% agricultura, 28% minería), lugar probable de contagio (casi 60% en Madre de Dios), frecuencia de cada forma clínica (89% selváticas, sobre todo cutáneas) y número y distribución de lesiones. La caracterización de formas clínicas se lleva a cabo en base a características de la propia patología y a determinantes propios del paciente, del entorno y del vector. Dichos determinantes también serán considerados en la evaluación de la implementación de medidas de prevención (mosquitera, rociado de la vivienda, repelentes químicos y uso de humo como repelente).
ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ
Authors: ДРЕБОТ Оксана , ГАДЗАЛО Андрій
Published: September 2020

Проблеми дефініції понять «інститут» та «інституції», «інституційність» та «інституціональність» неодноразово порушувалися вченими-економістами, соціологами. Це пов’язано з неформальним змішуванням термінів, гносеологією інституціоналізму, диференціацією перекладу іноземних джерел. Проте спроби привернути увагу до розмежування даних понять у різних наукових джерелах не дали фактичного результату, адже досі так і не сформовано систему визначення, конкретизації та чіткого формулювання специфічних термінів, а отже – всі праці даного смислового характеру не дістали практичного втілення. Таким чином, можна вважати, що в науці інституціоналізму через дезінформованість основних термінів існує прогалина у розумінні їх сенсу, міри вивченості й адекватності, вагомості. У ході опрацювання офіційних наукових і довідкових видань (зокрема, наукових статей за досліджуваною тематикою, монографій, авторефератів дисертацій та дисертаційних робіт, підручників, енциклопедій, а також словників: двомовні, іншомовних слів, термінологічні, етимологічні, енциклопедичні, тлумачні, академічні, словники-довідники) було зроблено припущення, що множинність пояснення і використання категорії «інститут» зумовлена рядом причин, одна з яких – етимологічна. Важливим є і те, що, крім наукових видань, досліджувані дефініції наявні і в довідкових словниках, довідниках, енциклопедіях та ін., що певною мірою свідчить про офіційне трактування цих понять. Відповідно, на підставі аналізу довідково-енциклопедичної літератури було згруповано терміни та літературні джерела за схожістю трактування, хоча в наукових теоріях не завжди можна застосувати одне правило до всіх суміжних процесів. І оскільки інституціональна теорія стосується декількох наукових напрямів (наприклад, соціального, економічного, юридичного, теоретико-методологічного, державотворчого та ін.), то вважаємо за доцільне розділяти роль понять залежно від їх функціонального призначення.