bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
20 Years of Medicinal Chemistry – Always Look at the Bright Side (of Life)
Authors: Boss Christoph
Published: August 2020

This paper summarizes a personal perspective on key learnings from projects the author was involved in over the last 20 years. For example, the discovery of macitentan, the most successful molecule to date from this personal collection, marketed by J&J for the treatment of
pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). [1] Then the discovery of ACT-462206, a dual orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia disorder with a serendipitously short story from the screening hit to the drug [2] followed by the identification of daridorexant, another
dual orexin receptor antagonist. Daridorexant successfully passed first pivotal phase 3 clinical trial in April 2020 for the treatment of insomnia disorder [3] ("Good things come to those who wait"). Finally, ACT-451840, an antimalarial drug with a novel mechanism of action,
identified in the perfect collaboration between academia and industry. The compound is in phase 2 clinical development. [4] In addition, the importance of the screening compound collection is briefly discussed, as a key asset for drug discovery. The measures Idorsia implemented to obtain valuable
hits from high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns are elaborated. [5] Drug discovery is a multi-disciplinary business with unlimited exciting challenges asking for excessive optimism when tackling them in a playful manner.
Molecular Capsule Catalysis: Ready to Address Current Challenges in Synthetic Organic Chemistry?
Authors: Némethová Ivana , Syntrivanis Leonidas-Dimitrios , Tiefenbacher Konrad
Published: August 2020

Self-assembled molecular capsules, host structures that form spontaneously when their building blocks are mixed, have been known since the 1990s. They share some basic similarities with enzyme pockets, as they feature defined hydrophobic binding pockets that are able to bind molecules
of appropriate size and shape. The potential to utilize such host structures for catalysis has been explored since their discovery; however, applications that solve current challenges in synthetic organic chemistry have remained limited. In this short article, we discuss the challenges associated
with the use of molecular capsules as catalysts, and highlight some recent applications of supramolecular capsules to overcome challenges in synthetic organic chemistry.
SCS Photochemistry Section Symposium: Online Conference, June 19, 2020
Authors: Kumpulainen Tatu
Published: August 2020

In response to the global pandemic causing world-wide travel restrictions, the SCS Photochemistry Section decided to organize its annual symposium online. The conference could be attended free of charge without geographical restrictions. This opened up many boarders and resulted in
a record high number of registered participants from 24 different countries. Most of the participants were from Switzerland followed by Germany and the United Kingdom. On the day of the event, over 90 participants gathered behind their screens to hear about the latest findings in photochemistry
research in Switzerland and abroad. The organizing committee, consisting of the board of the Photochemistry Section, had selected a scientific program including 3 invited lectures, 4 short talks and 10 elevator talks that replaced the poster session. In addition, the general assembly of the
Section was held online after the symposium.
Using Atomic Charges to Describe the pKa of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Haslak Zeynep Pinar , Zareb Sabrina , Aviyente Viktorya , Monard Gerald
Published: August 2020

In this study, we present an accurate protocol for the fast prediction of pKa's of carboxylic acids based on the linear relationship between computed atomic charges of the anionic form of the carboxylate fragment and their experimental pKa values. Five charge descriptors, three charge models, three solvent models, gas phase calculations and several DFT methods (combination of eight DFT functionals and fifteen basis sets) were tested. Among those, the best combination to reproduce experimental pKa's is to compute NPA atomic charge using the SMD model at the M06L/6-311G(d,p) level of theory and selecting the maximum atomic charge on carboxylic oxygen atoms (R^2 = 0.955). The applicability of the suggested protocol and its stability along geometrical changes are verified by molecular dynamics simulations performed for a set of aspartate, glutamate and alanine peptides. By reporting the calculated atomic charge of the carboxylate form into the linear relationship derived in this work, it will be possible to estimate accurately the amino acid’s pKa's in protein environment.
Antitumor, Antimicrobial activities and Phytochemicals Constituent of different Extracts of Pulicaria undulata (Forssk.) Oliver. Grown Naturally in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khulud M Alshehr  , Madeha O I Ghobashy
Published: August 2020

Antitumor and antimicrobial resistance are a habitual global issue, which continually demands finding new natural compounds to encounter the resistance. Pulicaria undulata (Forssk.) Oliver. (Asteraceae family) has numerous promising medicinal properties. The recent work aimed at determination of antitumor effects of three extracts of P. undulata on three types of human carcinoma; HEPG-2 hepatocellular carcinoma, MCF-7 breast carcinoma and HCT-116 colon carcinoma cell lines. Anticancer activity was assessed through studying the viability of the cancer cells and apoptotic pathway. Also, antimicrobial potency of different extracts was assessed against studied human pathogens (five Gram negative bacteria, two Gram positive bacteria and yeast). The results reveal that chloroform extract has different levels of cytotoxicity toward the three types of cancer cell lines. A considerable decline in cancer cell rates has been linked to increasing in concentration of plant extract. The half maximal inhibitory concentration IC 50 value was 3.01 µg/ mL for the HepG-2, 16.4 µg/mL for the MCF-7, and 7.4 µg/ mL for HCT-116. Followed by the ethyl acetate extract which showed strong cytotoxic activity against HEPG2 with IC 50 = 12.2 µg ∕ml and moderate activities against MCF7 and HCT 116 and recorded (IC 50 = 26.7 and 26.4 µg ∕ml, respectively). While the crude methanol extract recorded the lowest cytotoxic effect against HEPG2, MCF7 and HCT 116 with (IC 50 = 51.4, 105.1 and 86.7 µg ∕ ml, respectively). Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts have a high antimicrobial activity more than methanol extract against the pathogens being studied. HPLC and GCMs Analysis identified numerous chemical compounds of P. undulata extracts with various therapeutic benefits. In conclusion, P. undulata has the potential to act as an antimicrobial agent against various pathogenic microbes and is a promising wild herb for the treatment of cancer.
Anatomical Variations of Foramen Transversarium of 7th Cervical Vertebrae and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Manoj P Ambali  , Surekha D Jadhav
Published: August 2020

Cervical vertebrae have a cardinal part that is a closeness of and through it passes the vertebral course, vertebral vein and sharp plexus of nerves. The vertebral course enters the of C6 and this way, the FT of C7, which transmits just the vein and nerve, might be near nothing or even occasionally absent. A vertebral channel may enter through C7 in 2% cases as necessities be combinations of this may affect the anatomical course of vascular and neural structures, and this way may cause over the top conditions. The explanation behind the investigation was to watch the anatomical mixes in the of seventh cervical vertebrae. Present work was carried on 156 dry seventh cervical vertebrae of cloud sex and age. We observed each for shape, symmetry, number or accessory and spicules. We observed nine different types of shape of . Round shapes of were present in 28.75 %, accessory in 28.84% and spicules in 12.17 % of vertebrae also noted incomplete FT in 5 vertebrae. Disclosures of present evaluation may be helpful for a radiologist in the comprehension of X-segments, dealt with and scans for spine specialists in preoperative arranging and for blocking injury of a vertebral vessel near to sharp nerves during the careful cervical approach.
Abortion According to Herbal Consume and Parity in the Private Practice Midwife Clinic of Hajjah Gunarti Banjar Baru
Authors: Dhewi Siska , Anwary Ahmad Zacky Anwary
Published: August 2020

Abortion is a world problem that greatly affects the health, illness and death of pregnant women. The data of the Hj. Gunarti Clinic there were 27 cases of mothers who experienced abortion in 2018, while in 2019, there were an increase of 38 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between maternal habits in consuming herbs during pregnancy and maternal parity with the spontaneous abortion prevalence. The research design used is case control, with a ratio of 1:1. There were 38 samples as a cases group and 38 control group samples. The study was conducted at the Private Practice Midwife Clinic of Hj. Gunarti Banjarbaru city, South Kalimantan Province in April to June 2020. The results of the study showed a significant correlation between the habit of consuming herbal medicine with the abortion cases, that mothers with the habit of consuming herbal during pregnancy had a 3.58 times greater risk of having abortion compared to women who did not consume herbal during pregnancy (OR = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.267-10.143, p value = 0.026), and there is a significant correlation between parity and the abortion cases, mothers with high-risk parity (parity> 3) have a risk of 2.95 times greater abortion than mothers with low-risk parity levels ( OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.159-7.503, p value = 0.039). It is recommended for health workers to be more active in socializing to the pregnant women not to consume any herbal medicine carelessly, especially those who do not have permit from the drug and food regulatory agencies, so as to avoid the occurrence of unwanted abortion. In addition to that it also further improves the achievements of the family planning program to be able to limit the number of maternal pregnancies in the community.
Causality in Islamic marketing research: Building consistent theories and stating correct hypotheses
Authors: Kadirov Djavlonbek , Bahiss I , Bardakcı A
Published: August 2020

© 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited. Purpose: Highlighting the need for a profound move towards desecularisation of Islamic scholarship, this conceptual paper aims to clarify the concept of causality from the Islamic marketing research perspective and extends a number of suggestions for improving theory building and hypothesis development in the field. Design/methodology/approach: The approach taken is largely conceptual. In addition, this study collates the stated hypotheses in the articles published in this journal in the past five years and analyses the structure of causal statements to uncover key tendencies. Findings: The review of historical and current views on causality indicates that most commentators agree that assuming the existence of the necessary connection between cause and effect is misleading. The Islamic traditions based on occasionalism and modern science agree that causal statements reflect, at best, probabilistic assumptions. Research limitations/implications: This paper offers a number of insights and recommendations for theory building and hypothesis development in Islamic marketing. By following the occasionalism perspective and the notion of Sunnah of Allah, researchers will be able to build methodologically coherent and genuine Islamic marketing knowledge. Practical implications: Correctly stated and tested hypotheses can be used by public policymakers to enforce effective consumer and market policies. Originality/value: This paper tackles a complex issue of causality in Islamic marketing research which has not hitherto been discussed well in the literature. This research is also a unique step towards developing pioneering avenues within the domain of Islamic marketing research methodology.
Informal Cross Border Trade as a Substratum Marketing System: A Review and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Kahiya Eldrede , Kadirov Djavlonbek
Published: August 2020

© The Author(s) 2020. We provide a literature review and a conceptual framework on informal cross border trade in Sub-Saharan Africa. Informal cross border trade (ICBT) refers to commercial exchanges conducted across borders by individuals operating as unregistered sole traders. ICBT is a burgeoning part of the informal markets in Sub-Saharan Africa and its existence and persistence carry substantial socio-economic implications. We use “summarizing” and “delineating” techniques to discuss seven themes of ICBT, and cast them as the manifestations of a substratum marketing system - a foundational structure instead of an auxiliary system. We underline implications for scholarship and for policymakers and non-governmental organizations charged with formulating initiatives to manage both ICBT and formal markets.
Towards a Theory of Marketing Systems as the Public Good
Authors: Kadirov Djavlonbek
Published: August 2020

© The Author(s) 2018. The Marketing-Systems-as-the-Public-Good framework proposed in this article outlines the general principles of interpreting change in marketing systems. The framework advances a view of purposeful temporal change based on collective practices that a) identify, develop and maintain key common resources; b) initiate public-private asset transitions; c) facilitate contributory participation of market actors in marketing system processes; and d) perpetuate attenuating mechanisms. These processes construct the system as the public good with non-excludable and non-subtractable (dis)benefits. The drive for further change arises when the system’s overarching structures infuse value creation practices with macromotive-based meaningfulness (e.g. the justice motive) which differentially resonates in market actors’ lived experiences, who through ongoing localized socio-political discourses and contestation undertake to correct perceived justice digressions. The case of the historical evolution of the Uzbek Bozor Marketing System illustrates the key elements of the proposed framework.
The phenomenon of participating: From apart to win, to playing a part
Authors: Varey R , Sörhammar D , Kadirov Djavlonbek
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Private labels ain’t bona fide! Perceived authenticity and willingness to pay a price premium for national brands over private labels
Authors: Kadirov Djavlonbek
Published: August 2020

© 2015 Westburn Publishers Ltd. As private labels are consolidating their gains in national markets, a conventional recommendation to national brand manufacturers would most likely be to invest more in marketing in order to increase the perceived quality gap between national brands and private labels. It is assumed that the quality gap would boost consumer willingness to pay a price premium for national brands over private labels. Differing from this conventional approach, the current study focuses on the perceived authenticity gap between national brands and private labels, to explore whether and how this factor influences the effect of marketing and manufacturing variables on willingness to pay. This relationship is relevant in milieus where consumers might take brand authenticity rather than quality perceptions to guide their brand evaluations. The current study finds that the perceived authenticity gap mediates the effect of only some particular conventional marketing tools on willingness to pay. The study suggests that national brand managers should take the presence of private labels in the national markets as an opportunity to exploit the dynamics of authenticity evaluations, rather than as a threat.
Islamic marketing as macromarketing
Authors: Kadirov Djavlonbek
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to propose and develop a distinct perspective in Islamic marketing research through fusing the Islamic paradigm and the macromarketing theory. Design/methodology/approach: This is a conceptual article that is based on intellectualising and reflecting on differences in understanding what marketing is and what role it plays in society. Findings: The article reveals some commonality of purpose between the macromarketing discipline and Islamic macromarketing, while the latter field of inquiry offers a unique outlook to a number of domain-specific issues. Research limitations/implications: The characterisation of Islamic macromarketing will open new avenues for future research and will make researchers more theoretically sensitive to ontological and epistemological assumptions that underlie marketing investigations. The limitation of the present discussion is that Islamic macromarketing may not have yet emerged as a separate discipline. Additionally, research on genuinely macromarketing issues in Islamic contexts is very sparse. Practical implications: Muslim practitioners and managers are to realise that the means and ends of marketing are better understood if viewed from a broader perspective of marketing's impact and consequences on society. By adopting the Islamic macromarketing perspective, public, societal institutions, business stakeholders, and managers will find a better platform to cooperate on maximising the realisation of hasanah (excellence) for all. Originality/value: This article contributes to the discipline by introducing and characterising a potentially new field of marketing inquiry. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Target Characterization and Scattering Power Decomposition for Full and Compact Polarimetric SAR Data
Authors: Dey Subhadip , Bhattacharya Avik , Ratha Debanshu , Mandal Dipankar , Frery Alejandro
Published: August 2020

No description supplied
Emprendimiento médico y turismo de salud en Bucaramanga (Colombia)
Authors: Pérez-Pinzón Luis Rubén
Published: August 2020

Introducción. Los indicadores económicos y las perspectivas comerciales han promovido al turismo de salud sin considerar las perspectivas de desarrollo, mejora e internacionalización del sistema de salud por los médicos-empresarios de Bucaramanga. Objetivo. Identificar las perspectivas médico-empresariales de las instituciones hospitalarias de Bucaramanga que promueven el turismo de salud y bienestar como segmento de desarrollo empresarial y crecimiento socioeconómico. Método. Interpretación deductiva de los textos seleccionados a partir de la técnica de contraste documental, presentando un estado general del turismo de salud hasta precisar la experiencia en turismo médico de Bucaramanga. Temas tratados. En las perspectivas sectoriales se identifican las principales tipologías turísticas asociadas con la salud; en las perspectivas médicas se reafirman las tendencias históricas de atención en salud en las zonas francas de Bucaramanga. Conclusiones. El turismo de salud y bienestar antes que un producto estratégico de clase mundial es una alternativa de desarrollo para los profesionales de la salud, internacionalización de sus centros hospitalarios, adopción de estándares y protocolos estrictos para atender pacientes extranjeros y, oferta de innovaciones o servicios para el mejoramiento del sistema de salud pública de Colombia.
Investigation of the Endothelial Response of Super Elastic Braided Stent: An Experimental Evaluation
Authors: KARAHAN Oğuz , ÖCAL Naci , SÜMER Tuğçe , HAFIZ Erhan , KHALİL Emced
Published: August 2020

Aim: This study aimed to experimentally investigate the vascular biocompatibility of the new super elastic braided stents and ultrasonographically follow up the mid-term outcomes on the blood flow of stent-implanted vessels.
Method: After designation of the study steps, stents were implanted into the iliac arteries of two ewes. The preoperative and postoperative blood flow and local findings were noted. The ewes were inspected periodically for abnormal body changes, and the stent-implanted vessels were checked with Doppler ultrasonography. The subjects were sacrificed at six months, and the iliac arteries were examined histopathologically.
Results: During follow up an occlusive pattern was not observed in the stent-implanted vessels. The histopathological analysis revealed that both two stent area had no significant neointimal hyperplasia, despite sufficient re-endothelisation at the stent surface. Occlusive or stenotic patterns were not detected in both macroscopic and microscopic findings.
Conclusion: According to the mid-term findings, our results show that the new super elastic bare stents have good vascular biocompatibility with high patency rates.
PENYULUHAN DAN PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PANGAN TANPA BORAKS
Authors: Prayitno Sutrisno Adi , Lailiyah Wiharyanti Nur
Published: August 2020

Untuk mewujudkan program Indosenesia menuju masyarakat yang sehat maka harus didasari atas ketersediaan pangan atau makanan yang berprinsip pada ASUH yaitu makanan yang aman, sehat utuh serta halal. Akhir – akhir ini masih marak terdapat isu beredarnya makanan yang tidak sehat karena adanya penggunaan bahan makanan yang dilarang penggunaannya oleh pemerintah. Fakta yang ada di lapangan menyatakan banyaknya makanan yang beredar yang masih jauh dari model keamanan, terutama berkaitan dengan BTM dan sanitasi higiene. Banyaknya pelaku usaha atau industri makanan yang semakin hari semakin menjamur, menjadikan kekawatiran tersendiri pada pemerintah. Terutama kecurangan pelaku usaha makanan yang dengan sengaja menambahkan bahan makanan yang berbahaya pada makanan tersebut. Hal tersebutlah yang mendasi adanya kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan tentang pembuatan makanan sehat tanpa bahan yang membahayakan kesehatan. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam bentuk penyuluhan dan pelatihan kepada pelaku usaha makanan industri rumah tangga. Tahapan yang digunakan dalam pengabdian tersebut adalah tahap sosialisasi atau penyuluhan, tahap kompetensi peserta pelatihan, tahap pelatihan dan aplikasi dan terakhir adalah tahap evalusi. Para peserta memiliki bnayk antusias dalam pelaksanaany untuk bertanya dan menjawab. Dalam pelatihan dan aplikasinya, peserta mampu menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas baik. Selain itu peserta memiliki pemahaman yang baik dan peningkatan ilmu dalam bidang kemanan makanan, pengolahan dan kesehatan makanan.
Potencialidades e valorização da raça de suíno nativo Piau no contexto dos assentamentos de reforma agrária
Authors: Araújo Gabriel Gobira de Alcântara , Valentim Jean Kaique , Marques Orlando Filipe Costa , Lopes Idael Matheus Goes , Souza João Paulo de , Maciel Felipe Russo , Silva Bruno Alexander Nunes
Published: August 2020

A maior parte dos pequenos produtores rurais no Brasil tem em atividades de criação de suínos caipira uma alternativa para obtenção de alimento de alto valor nutritivo e de rentabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi implantar e desenvolver um sistema de produção extensivo sustentável de suínos, nos centros de irradiação e manejo agroecológico nas áreas de assentamentos de reforma agrária da região do Norte de Minas Gerais, possibilitando ampliar a fonte de renda dos assentados e maior difusão e valorização da raça suína nativa. Para início do projeto de extensão foi realizado o contato com os agricultores e exposição do projeto, identificação dos agentes multiplicadores e formação de núcleos familiares, após, implantada uma granja núcleo de manejo agroecológico de suínos nos assentamentos no município de Montes Claros utilizando animais puros da raça Piau. Foi realizado um levantamento dos fatores limitantes e potenciais junto à comunidade, com o objetivo de se consolidar um modelo de suínos que melhor se adapta às especificidades locais. Foi realizada a tabulação de dados de um ano de coleta referente aos índices zootécnicos dos animais. Foram obtidos 8,6 leitões nascidos vivos/parto/porca; 6,47 leitões desmamados/parto/porca no projeto, índices estes que são superiores aos índices zootécnicos obtidos na suinocultura de manejo tradicional, utilizando raças nacionais. Com a implantação deste sistema de produção sustentável e agroecológico nas áreas de assentamentos de reforma agrária da região do Norte de Minas foi possível obter melhores dados produtivos da produção, além de maior difusão e valorização da raça suína nativa.
Diagnóstico do processo de aquisição da merenda através do PNAE em municípios da Região Noroeste do RS
Authors: Bobato Daniela Schmitt , Moura Cláudia Solange de , Paz Luiz Lyra Acosta , Melo Josvaldo Medeiros de , Silva Danni Maisa da , Cezimbra Júlio Cesar Grasel , Rosa Karuany Dorneles da , Wiedthauper Douglas Gabriel , Redin Marciel , Guerra Divanilde , Bohrer Robson Evaldo Gehlen
Published: August 2020

Objetivou-se realizar um diagnóstico da aquisição da merenda escolar através do PNAE em municípios da Região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram aplicados questionários nos órgãos de compra e controle do PNAE, em escolas municipais e estaduais. Os resultados indicam que os seguintes percentuais dos alimentos destinados à alimentação escolar foram adquiridos da agricultura familiar: 40%, na rede municipal de ensino de Santo Augusto e 30,23% na rede estadual, em 2015/1; 64,91% na rede municipal de Três Passos e 40,12% na rede estadual, em 2014; 30% na rede municipal de Redentora e 23% na rede estadual, em 2015/1. Embora ainda haja dificuldades associadas ao PNAE, o programa contribui para a valorização da agricultura familiar e possibilita a inserção deste setor em processos de comercialização de alimentos destinados à merenda escolar em âmbito local ou regional.
Examining the Effect of Parent’s Supports Toward the Champion Motivation Possessed by Athletes Samarinda in 2018
Authors: Mahardhika Nanda Alfian , Kusumawati Yulia Tri , Kurnia Jusuf Jeane Betty , Santoso Januar Abdilah , Raharja Andri Tria , Julianur Julianur
Published: August 2020

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of parent’s supports toward the champion motivation possessed by athletes in Samarinda city. This research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The instrument of research is the questionnaires shared to 50 parent’s Silat athletes in Samarinda. The population of this research is all parents athletes and Silat athletes in Samarinda. The saturated sample research technique is used to the all over population as the sample and it presented in the percentage term. This research is expected to be done in 6 month periods. The result of this research is that the support parent’s athletes gained a positive trend with 93.4% and the champion motivation of athlete also had the same pattern with 97.2%.
Reviewing Students’ Vocabulary Mastery By Using Kahoot At Holmesglen Partnering With University of Muhammadiyah Tangerang
Authors: Almanar Muhammad Abduh
Published: August 2020

The present study investigated the use of Kahoot as the free game-based learning platform which provided the students with ongoing feedback on their learning progresses. Reviewing the students’ vocabulary was the focus of this study. Unlike summative test that tended to have formal assessment, Kahoot provided a learning with engagement and responsive feedback both students and teacher. In term of student’s vocabulary mastery, Kahoot was the learning model of this study. Blended learning was applied technically in this study so that the students’ vocabulary mastery was reviewed and tested through the application of Kahoot accessed by students’ mobile phones. The methodology of this study was based on a questionnaire survey that was conducted to determine the use of Kahoot to the students’ vocabulary mastery. More detail information was also added through observation, field note and interview. The 20 students of UMT (University of Muhammadiyah Tangerang) from Holmesglen English class were the population and samples of this study.
A A STUDY OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS AT STMIK PRABUMULIH
Authors: Samosir Hepnyi
Published: August 2020

Even though listening is often categorized as a passive activity, it is not a simple process as it may seem. There is an active process because in it. Listeners must focus on the spoken language and actively draw what message is being delivered. There are some factors that make a listener may need a lot of work to comprehend a spoken language such as colloquialism, accent, intonation, hesitation, word or phrase clusters, and content. Preliminary data gained from pre-observation at STMIK Prabumulih showed that the third semester students found themselves hard to acquire information from spoken language, hence it is necessary to find out the causes so that make an effort to develop their listening skills. The method used is descriptive research design. The result reveals that students encounter various kinds of listening problems in learning comprehension such as unfamiliar words, the length and of the spoken text, speed rate, lack of concentration and pronunciation, and the noises around come from both the background sound of the spoken language recording and environmental sound such as sound from outside classroom.

Keywords: listening; comprehension; listening comprehension problems; descriptive
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE USE OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN EFL LEARNERS
Authors: Yanti Dawi
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

This paper reports a case study aimed at observing the perception of 24 learners in Teknik Instrumentasi Electronika Migas at STT-Migas Balikpapan on the use of cooperative learning. The instruments used were a questionnaire and the analysis showed that the participant generally learning experiences contribute to social skills growth, where positive interpersonal and social relationship became to noticeable and more diverse. Through cooperative learning, individual and group work skills development enhances students' achievement.

Keywords: students perception, cooperative learning
Väärentäjän tila kirjallisuudessa
Authors: Sarsila Juhani
Published: August 2020

Sanna Nyqvist & Outi Oja: Kirjalliset väärennökset: Huijauksia, plagiaatteja ja luovia lainauksia. Gaudeamus 2018, 381 s.
Ystävyys ja avunanto
Authors: Sirviö Heikki
Published: August 2020

Eero Marttinen: Hiljaisen hymyn mies: Veikko Huovisen elämä. Helsinki: Into, 2018, 342 s.
Roads to the Planck scale
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: August 2020

A summary of a few roads exploring the Planck scale is presented. We consider both Newtonian and relativistic systems.
Reducing Demand for Overexploited Wildlife Products: Lessons from Systematic Reviews from Outside Conservation Science
Authors: MacFarlane Douglas , Hurlstone Mark J. , Ecker Ullrich K. H. , Ferraro Paul J , Linden Sander van der , Veríssimo Diogo , Wan Anita K. Y. , Burgess Gayle , Chen Frederick , Hall Wayne , Hollands Gareth J , Sutherland William J
Published: August 2020

Conservationists have long sought to reduce consumer demand for overexploited wildlife products. More recently, health practitioners and others have begun calling for reductions in the wildlife trade to reduce the risk of pandemics. Despite this broadening interest, most wildlife-focused demand reduction campaigns have lacked rigorous evaluations and thus their impacts remain unknown. There is thus an urgent need to review the evidence from beyond conservation science to inform future demand-reduction efforts. We searched for systematic reviews of interventions that aimed to reduce consumer demand for harmful products (e.g., cigarettes and illicit drugs). In total, 41 systematic reviews were assessed, and their data extracted. Mass-media campaigns and incentive programs were, on average, ineffective. While advertising bans, social marketing and location bans were promising, there was insufficient robust evidence to draw firm conclusions. In contrast, the evidence for the effectiveness of risk warnings and appeals to norms was stronger, with some caveats.
Worker Cooperatives and Revolution: History and Possibilities in the United States
Authors: Wright Christopher
Published: August 2020

Since the financial crisis of 2008 and the global popular protests of 2011, more people have begun to wonder and speculate: what's next for civilization? The economic, social, and political status quo seems unsustainable, but what can emerge to take its place? In this book, a historian examines the past and present to argue that the seeds of a more humane society are already being planted, on local and international scales. Whether they will bear fruit depends, ultimately, on grassroots initiative. Focusing on the new worker cooperative movement in the West, this study not only contains the first systematic discussion of the solidarity economy in the light of Marxist theory; it also introduces a major revision of Marxism that both updates it for the twenty-first century and illuminates our historical moment. It includes an analysis of the history of cooperatives in the U.S., showing where they went wrong and how we can correct their past mistakes. It has a case-study of the successful new worker-owned business New Era Windows in Chicago, which has been celebrated internationally for its defiance of conventional paradigms. And it shows a way out of the age-old conflict between Marxism and anarchism, arguing that both are more relevant now than they have ever been. Which is to say: a gradualist "revolution" is, for the first time, within the realm of possibility.
Immunodeficiency and cancer in 3.7 million people living with HIV: the South African HIV Cancer Match Study
Authors: Ruffieux Yann , Muchengeti Mazvita , Egger Matthias , Efthimiou Orestis , Bartels Lina , Olago Victor , Davidović Maša , Dhokotera Tafadzwa , Bohlius Julia , Singh Elvira , Rohner Eliane
Published: August 2020

Background: The mechanisms linking the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to cancer are not fully understood. We analysed associations between immunodeficiency and the incidence of various infection-related and infection-unrelated cancers in a large cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH).Methods: We used data from the South African HIV Cancer Match (SAM) study which is the result of probabilistic record linkage between HIV laboratory measurements provided by the National Health Laboratory Services and cancer records from the National Cancer Registry in South Africa. We classified cancers based on type and related infections. For each of these cancer groups, we calculated crude incidence rates and evaluated associations between time-updated CD4 cell count and cancer incidence rates using Cox proportional hazards models. We reported the associations using adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) over a grid of CD4 values for a reference value of 200 cells/µl, and by estimating the aHR per decrease of 100 CD4 cells/µl after assuming a linear relationship between the log hazard and CD4 cell counts. Results: We analysed 3,695,723 PLWH, of which 16,274 developed cancer, for an overall crude cancer incidence rate of 169 per 100,000 person-years (py). The most common cancers were cervical cancer (4,151 cases in women, rate of 59 per 100,000 py), Kaposi Sarcoma (2,311 cases, rate of 24 per 100,000 py), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1,101 cases, rate of 11 per 100,000 py). There were 6,482 PLWH diagnosed with cancer not related to infection (rate of 67 per 100,000 py). The association between low CD4 cell count and higher rates of cancer was strongest in conjunctival cancer (aHR per decrease of 100 CD4 cells/µl: 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39-1.55), followed by Kaposi Sarcoma (aHR 1.23, 95% CI 1.20-1.26) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (aHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12-1.19). Among the infection-unrelated cancers, we found low CD4 cell count to be associated with higher rates of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11) and cancer of the oesophagus (aHR 1.06, 95 CI 1.00-1.11). We found no association between CD4 cell count and both breast and prostate cancer incidence.Conclusions: Low time-updated CD4 cell counts were associated with an increased risk of developing various infection-related cancers among PLWH. Reducing HIV-induced immunodeficiency may be a potent cancer prevention strategy among PLWH in South Africa, a region heavily burdened by cancers attributable to infections.
Cohort Profile: The South African HIV Cancer Match Study (SAM)
Authors: Muchengeti Mazvita , Bartels Lina , Olago Victor , Dhokotera Tafadzwa , Chen Wenlong Carl , Rohner Eliane , Bütikofer Lukas , Ruffieux Yann , Singh Elvira , Egger Matthias , Bohlius Julia
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The South African HIV Cancer Match Study (SAM) is a national cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH). It was created using probabilistic record linkages of routine laboratory records of PWLH retrieved by National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) and cancer registry data from the National Cancer Registry. SAM aims to study the spectrum and risk of cancer in PLWH in the context of the evolving South African HIV epidemic. The overarching goal of SAM is to inform cancer prevention and control programmes in children and adults living with HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment in South Africa.Participants: The SAM study is a national cohort of PLWH (both adults and children) who accessed HIV care in public sector facilities from 2004 – 2014 and had HIV diagnostic or monitoring laboratory tests from NHLS.Findings to date: The SAM cohort includes 5 248 648 PLWH; 69% of these are women. The median age at cohort entry is 33.0 years (interquartile range 26.2 - 40.9). Using SAM, we examined national cancer trends in PLWH and the association of different cancers with immunodeficiency. While the risk of Kaposi sarcoma has declined, the risk of conjunctival cancer and HPV-related anogenital cancers (cervical, anal, vulvar, and penile cancers) continues to rise, despite the widespread availability of antiretroviral treatment. Future plans: An update of the SAM cohort to include more recent data is underway. SAM also has the potential to be enriched through record linkage with other laboratory data within the NHLS (such as tuberculosis, diabetes, and lipid profile data), mortality data and socioeconomic data allowing holistic epidemiological research of co-morbidities with HIV. The SAM cohort is a unique resource for research and surveillance of malignancies in PLWH.
When is a Ship a Ship? Use by State Armed Forces of Un-crewed Maritime Vehicles and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Authors: McKenzie Simon
Published: August 2020

[Law and the Future of War Research Paper No 3] Armed forces around the world are rapidly developing un-crewed maritime vehicles (UMVs) for use in military operations. Key to the strategic value of UMVs is that they will have no people on board, and instead be remotely controlled or, in the future, will be able to carry out some or all of their mission autonomously. But will they fit into the existing categories of the law of the sea set out in the in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)? This paper considers whether two of the basic classifications of this body of law – being categorised as a ‘ship’ or ‘vessel’ and being a ‘warship’ – require people to be on board the vehicle and thus exclude UMVs. These categories are critical for the distribution of rights and obligations in the UNCLOS. Failing to qualify as a ship would significantly limit the strategic value of UMVs, restricting their navigational rights and possibly preventing states claiming sovereign immunity. Along with the important practical implications of these definitional challenges, they also serve as an example of when an evolutionary interpretation of international treaty law should be preferred. The paper shows that the better interpretation of ship in UNCLOS is capacious enough to include both remotely controlled and autonomous UMVs. However, the more restrictive definitional requirements of warship in UNCLOS will be more difficult for UMVs to meet.
DAMPAK COVID -19 BAGI KEGIATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Majid Abdul
Published: August 2020

Virus coruna atau covid -19 hadir dimasyarakat indonesia pada awal tahun 2020, kejadian inisungguh menyita perhatian , karena berdampak dan sangat mempengaruhi semua kegiatan, danmelumpuhkan perekonomian khususnya di indonesia sejak wabah ini melanda. Hal ini begituberpengaruh baik sosial kesehatan dan ekonomi. COVID-19 atau Corona Virus Deaseases mulaimewabah di Wuhan China pada Desember 2019. Penyebarannya semakin masif ke beberapanegara pada awal2020 dan masuk ke Indonesia pada Maret 2020. Pada tanggal 11 Maret2020WHO menetapkan wabah ini sebagai pandemik global. Hingga saat ini, secaraglobal korbanmeninggal telah mencapai 316.860 orang dan di Indonesia telahmenembus hingga angka 1.192orang.
Cognitive sequential dependencies in the wild: Sentiment analysis approach
Authors: Dolatabadi Mohsen , Fadardi Javad Salehi , kahani mohsen , karshki hossein
Published: August 2020

Social networks data as naturally occurring data, are nowadays freely available toresearchers, and can constitute a unique source for exploring many theories in psychology andcognitive sciences. This paper investigates an effect known as cognitive sequential dependencein decision making, using five-point rating in term of review polarity index (RPI) of each user'sreviews by natural language processing about a services or businesses in YELP. In the presentstudy, the criteria for cognitive dependency in decisions is the degree of deviation of the presentRPI from the average of each user's RPIs. The statistical population consists of all user's reviewspublished by the YELP site, which contains over 6 million reviews. After some initialpreprocessing and filtering on textual reviews by Stanford CoreNLP tools in java, the linearregression analysis was performed on the reviews. Regression coefficients between deviationfrom mean of RPIs, with the RPI corresponded to different distances from current review up to 7distances against baseline, represented a statistically significant and strong relationships as wellas they revealed by going farther from current user decision, a subtle change from contrast effectto assimilation effect in users' decisions. While there are not usually a subtle matches betweenpolarity of explicit ratings (stars) and provided textual data in business websites , The promisingresults of this study suggest utilizing textual content of reviews as implicit ratings to trackcognitive sequential dependencies in the wild data and application of it for debasing algorithmand designing efficient online recommendation systems.
Database of virtual objects to be used in psychological research
Authors: Popic Dejan , Pacozzi Simona , Martarelli Corinna
Published: August 2020

Although many visual stimulus databases exist, to our knowledge, none includes 3D virtual objects, that can directly be used in virtual reality (VR). We present 121 objects that have been developed for scientific purposes. The objects were built in Maya, and their textures were created in Substance Painter. Then, the objects were exported to an FBX and OBJ format and rendered online using the Unreal Engine 4 application. Our goal was to develop the first set of high-quality virtual objects with standardized names, familiarity, and visual complexity. The objects were normed based on the input of 83 participants. This set of stimuli was created for use in VR settings and will facilitate research using VR methodology, which is increasingly employed in psychological research.
General psychopathology and its social correlates in the daily lives of youth
Authors: Achterhof Robin , Kirtley Olivia J , Schneider Maude , Hagemann Noëmi , Hermans Karlijn Susanna Francisca Maria , Hiekkaranta Anu Pauliina , Lecei Aleksandra , Decoster Jeroen , Derom Catherine , De Hert Marc , Guloksuz Sinan , Jacobs Nele , Menne-Lothmann Claudia , Rutten Bart , Thiery Evert , van Os Jim , van Winkel Ruud , Wichers M. , Myin-Germeys Inez
Published: August 2020

Background: Adolescence is a period of both great social change, and of vulnerability to psychiatric distress. However, little is known about the associations between early psychopathology and social interactions at the fundamental level of daily life. To better understand the social correlates of subclinical psychopathology in adolescence, we assessed associations between general psychopathology and the quantity and quality of daily-life social interactions.Methods: During a six-day experience sampling period, adolescent and young adult participants in Study 1 (n=663) and Study 2 (n=1027) reported the quantity and quality of their everyday social interactions. General psychopathology was assessed using the Symptom Checklist-90 and Brief Symptom Inventory-53. The relationship between psychopathology and each outcome variable was tested in separate multilevel linear and logistic regression models. Results: General psychopathology was associated with social interaction quality. Associations between psychopathology and the number of social interactions were less apparent: In Study 1, participants with more psychopathology were not more alone, whereas Study 2 participants with higher levels of psychopathology were alone more. Limitations: Limitations include no separate investigation of distinct types of psychopathology, and relatively low compliance to the experience sampling in Study 2.Conclusions: Consistent associations between subclinical psychopathology and the quality of social interactions support the fundamentally social nature of early psychopathology. Moreover, negative experiences of social interactions may be more valuable markers of early psychopathology than a reduced quantity of social behaviours. Conceptualizations of daily-life social functioning, and prevention/intervention efforts would benefit from a greater consideration of the quality of everyday social experiences.
Five-Factor Model Personality Disorder traits, health behaviors, health perceptions, and insomnia symptoms in older adults
Authors: Oltmanns Joshua R. , Widiger Thomas A.
Published: August 2020

Personality traits predict physical health outcomes including health behaviors, health perceptions, disease, and mortality. Maladaptive traits of personality disorders may predict even more variance in physical health indicators. Dimensional models of maladaptive personality traits are replacing categorical models of personality disorder, and the five-factor model of personality disorder (FFMPD) is a useful dimensional model of maladaptive traits. However, there has been little work investigating the criterion validity of the FFMPD. The present study serves as a broad initial overview of the FFMPD scales in the prediction of health behaviors, heath perceptions, and insomnia symptoms across two timepoints in a representative community sample of older adults (N = 1,060). Findings indicate that the FFMPD scales explain a significant amount of variance in the physical health variables across time. Exploratory analyses indicate that the FFMPD traits have incremental validity over covariates, normal-range personality traits, and personality disorder criteria.
MELEMAHNYA EKONOMI INDONESIA PADA SEKTOR PARIWISATA, AKIBAT DAMPAK DARI PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Dwina Irma
Published: August 2020

Perekonomian merupakan sektor terpenting dalam pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan padatatanan nasional. Tinggi rendahnya pendapatan negara pada sektor perekonomian dapat berpengaruh terhadap pembangunan nasional. Sejak awal tahun 2020 dunia digemparkan oleh kehadiran virus covid-19 (Corona virus disease), Covid-19 adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus yang baru di temukan belum lama ini. Kehadiran virus ini mengakibatkan melemahnya aktivitas berbagai sektor perekonomian. Di indonesia sendiri tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa keadaan ekonomi sangat tidak stabil. Pembatasan sosial berskala besar secara tidak langsung membatasi pelaksanaan aktivitas perekonomian di masyarakat. kehadiran covid-19 ini merubah tatanan kehidupan dalam aspek global maupun nasional.Tulisan ini mengkaji dampak dari pandemi covid-19 terhadap sektor pariwisata di indonesia. Sejak awal maret, menyebarnya virus covid-19 di indonesia membuat aktivitas perekonomian melemah. Menurunnya aktivitas produksi dan distribusi serta menurunnya aktivitas kunjungantempat wisata lokal di indonesia.Kata Kunci: Ekonomi, Pariwisata, dan Pendemi Covid-19