bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Make your budget stretch
Authors: Foran Kaley
Published: September 2016

While the national funding formula (NFF) has been postponed for another year, Kaley Foran suggests ways in which primaries could make their budgets go further.
«A feliçe acclamação del Rey Dom João o IV». Cerimónias e cultura política na Goa seiscentista
Authors: Ferreira José Miguel
Published: September 2016

A Restauração de 1640, que ditou o fim de sessenta anos de agregação do reino de Portugal à Monarquia Hispânica, tem sido alvo de múltiplas interpretações historiográficas ao longo dos últimos dois séculos. Menos conhecidas são, no entanto, as dinâmicas que marcaram o reconhecimento da nova Casa Real nas conquistas ultramarinas da Coroa portuguesa. A partir de uma análise dos principais relatos da aclamação de D. João IV na cidade de Goa, capital do Estado Português da Índia, este artigo procura recuperar as cerimónias e os discursos que legitimaram a subida ao trono de D. João IV, interpretando os seus múltiplos significados e leituras.
Propuesta de interpretación de Rei D. Afonso, se Deus vos pardom
Authors: Kurtz William S.
Published: September 2016

Se re-examina en este artículo la tenção que mantuvieron Alfonso X y Vasco Gil Rei D. Afonso, se Deus vos pardom, y se plantea una nueva hipótesis para comprenderla.
Inquisição e Caridade - O caso do tribunal inquisitorial de Lisboa no século XVI
Authors: Giebels Daniel Norte
Published: September 2016

Nas insígnias da Inquisição portuguesa, confrontam-se a oliveira e a espada, símbolos de uma atuação antagónica que sugeria simbolicamente o uso da repressão e da misericórdia face aos que prevaricavam hereticamente contra a fé católica. Todavia, enquanto a ação da "espada" tem assumido um claro protagonismo na história que é feita desta instituição, o conhecimento que se tem sobre a ação exercida sob o signo da "oliveira" resume-se, essencialmente, a uma análise do discurso inquisitorial, sobretudo lido na dimensão cénica e simbólica. Ignoram-se, por outro lado, atos de misericórdia e caridade que poderão ter contribuído para a construção dessa representação. Pretende-se assim, através de um diálogo entre duas estruturas em (re)organização durante o século XVI, a Inquisição e a caridade institucionalizada, determinar os contornos da intervenção do Santo Ofício no campo da beneficência, focando aspetos como as práticas de caridade, os critérios de seleção de pobres, as perceções sobre a pobreza e o impacto que esta atividade teve na organização do Tribunal, propondo, finalmente, uma perspetiva de análise que resgata urna das múltiplas faces desta instituição. A análise centra-se no tribunal inquisitorial de Lisboa e escora-se numa multiplicidade de fontes documentais, entre as quais se destacam os livros de tesouraria.
Mundus Novus, Novus Homo. Cartografias do imaginário e do Outro no Novo Mundo (séc. XVI-XVII)
Authors: Costa Luís Manuel Neves
Published: September 2016

O Novo Mundo foi imaginado e interpretado com base em referenciais clássicos e medievais. O imaginário foi o primeiro elemento organizador e condutor para a apreensão e compreensão da nova realidade encontrada. A descoberta da América foi interpretada inicialmente como a descoberta da Utopia dos pensadores do séc. XVI, o novo espaço no qual seria possível localizar os projectos dos humanistas e renascentistas. O novo espaço já era povoado por homens com traços de monstruosidade, segundo as descrições dos primeiros exploradores e cronistas e as representações da iconografia da época. Entre os autores eruditos foi profundamente debatida a problemática da origem e da natureza do outro - o "índio do ocidente". Toda a argumentação, assente fundamentalmente em bases teológicas e bíblicas, chegou a ser mobilizada tendo em vista proveitos políticos e estratégicos para a coroa espanhola. Este artigo aborda a construção e o entendimento do Outro, num entrecruzamento entre a Antropologia e a História.
Postscript: Beirut Life and Debt Version 2.016
Authors: Becherer Richard
Published: September 2016

This essay continues a project begun a decade ago with the article, “A Matter of Life and Debt: The Untold Costs of Rafiq Hariri’s New Beirut.” This new article, or “Postscript,” begins by examining the reception of that first investigation and responds to one criticism directed at the original essay: that it proffers an unfairly pessimistic profile of the reconstruction effort generally and of its prime mover specifically, the now-deceased Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri. This paper follows a cost/benefits analysis of the project and the company behind it, Solidere, and examines two other Solidere-styled developments abroad, both results of the company’s attempts to monetize its so-called “brand.” The first of these, “Abdali,” is in Amman. The second of these comprises a trio of projects that SI prepared for Sheikh Zayed City in metropolitan Cairo. The paper argues that Solidere’s failure to disclose the dubious financial dealings behind such projects further erodes the credibility of a company for whom the notion of “business as usual” works first and foremost to benefit the few at the expense of the many.
A Fully Automatic Method to Extract Rare Earth Mining Areas from Landsat Images
Authors: Wu Bo , Fang Chaoyang , Yu Le , Huang Xin , Zhang Qiang
Published: September 2016

This paper proposes a new morphological mining feature index (MMFI) by synthesizing multi-scale and multi-direction differential morphological profiles (DMPs) to effectively separate REMAS from other land covers with similar spectral
signals and local brightness contrast. The MMFI enhances the local brightness contrast of rare earth mining areas (REMAS) by highlighting the morphological characteristics of REMA structure, and improves the identification
of roads and bare soil, which have similar spectral signatures to REMAS. Moreover, a new threshold optimization method that maximizes the histogram entropy is presented, whereby REMAS can be automatically extracted from the MMFI
image without sample collection and machine learning. Therefore, it is a fully automatic method suitable for REMA extraction over large areas. To validate the proposed method, three temporal Landsat images acquired of Changting County, China, were used to extract
REMA information. Our results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve good classification accuracy compared with other methods.
COMPARATIVE RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF A NEW BIOCERAMIC-BASED ROOT CANAL SEALER
Authors: Hrab Dana , Chisnoiu Andrea Maria , Badea Mindra Eugenia , Moldovan Marioara , Chisnoiu Radu Marcel
Published: September 2016

Background and aims. The aim of this study was to assess the radiopacity of two bioceramic-based root canal sealers, the conventional TotalFill BC sealer (FKG Dentaire Switzerland) and a new experimental filling material developed in collaboration with 'Raluca Ripan' Institute for Research in Chemistry, Cluj-Napoca. Methods. Five disc samples were prepared using both materials (10 mm diameter x 1 mm thickness), being subjected to digital radiography together with aluminum step wedges (1 to 12 mm in thickness), in accordance with ISO 6876: 2012. Radiopacity was determined by the computer analysis of the images obtained. Four different areas were selected for each sample, corresponding to a disk-sample quadrant. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA.Results. Both materials showed a radiopacity that was 3 mm greater than the equivalent thickness of aluminum. Total Fill BC showed greater radiopacity than the experimental material, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions. Both materials comply with ISO 6876: 2012 recommendations on minimum radiopacity.
Kewenangan Lembaga Pengkajian Pangan, Obat-obatan, dan Kosmetika - Majelis Ulama Indonesia Pasca Berlakunya UU No. 33 tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal
Authors: Septiawan Ade , Aji Ahmad Mukri
Published: September 2016

Abstract: This study aims to determine the authority of LPPOM in establishing halal products after the enactment of Law no. 33 Year 2014. Based on the research results, it is concluded that there has been a change of authority of LPPOM MUI before and after the coming into effect of Law no. 33 year 2014. For 23 years since its establishment, LPPOM MUI has full authority over the establishment of halal certification, but post-birth and enactment of Law no. 33 of 2014, it no longer has full rights to the expenditure and certification of the guarantee of halal products, but only as partners. The need for halal certification or halal label is very needed in Indonesia. Especially the common people and especially the Muslim community in Indonesia, because with the availability of guaranteed halal food products, at least Muslim consumers no longer worry about the existence of a mixture of materials containing harmful substances are prohibited, both legally and religiously.Keywords: Authority, LPPOM MUI, and halal certification. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui wewenang LPPOM dalam penetapan produk halal pasca berlakunya UU No.33 Tahun 2014.Berdasakan hasil penelitian maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terjadi perubahan wewenang LPPOM MUI sebelum dan sesudah berlakunya UU No.33 Tahun 2014. Selama 23 tahunsemenjak berdirinya, LPPOM MUI berwenang penuh atas penetapan sertifikasi halal, namun pasca lahir dan berlakunya Undang-Undang No.33 Tahun 2014, ia tidak lagi memiliki hak penuh atas pengeluaran dan penetapan sertifikasi jaminan produk halal, melainkan hanya sebagai mitra. Kebutuhan sertifikasi halal atau label halal memang sangat dibutuhkan di Indonesia. Terlebih masyarakat awam dan khususnya masyarakat muslim di Indonesia, karena dengan tersedianya jaminan produk makanan halal, setidaknya konsumen muslim tidak lagi khawatir akan adanya campuran bahan-bahan yang mengandung zat berbahaya yang dilarang, baik secara hukum negara maupun agama. Kata kunci:Kewenangan, LPPOM MUI, dan sertifikasi halal.
REFUGIADOS AMBIENTAIS: MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS E RESPONSABILIDADE INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Andrade Mário Cesar da Silva , Angelucci Paola Durso
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo investigou a ausência de tutela jurídica específica para refugiados ambientais e a necessidade de ampliação dos conceitos e práticas de responsabilização internacional para o amparo a esses migrantes forçados. Partindo de dados quantitativos e geográficos sobre os refugiados na atualidade, são analisadas alternativas de normatização do instituto e a possibilidade de responsabilização internacional objetiva dos Estados por dano ambiental e pelos consequentes refugiados. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa qualitativa valeu-se de fontes bibliográficas e normativas, nacionais e internacionais, e dados estatísticos sobre o tema. Concluiu-se pela responsabilização internacional dos Estados, em especial dos economicamente desenvolvidos, pelos deslocamentos populacionais decorrentes de mudanças climáticas, por serem os principais poluidores ambientais.
PERIGO SÍSMICO NO BRASIL E A RESPONSABILIDADE DA ENGENHARIA DE ESTRUTURAS
Authors: Nobrega Petrus Gorgonio Bulhoes , Nobrega Selma Hissae Shimura
Published: September 2016

No Brasil os terremotos são relativamente raros, especialmente os de maior magnitude, sendo a probabilidade de desastres e mortes relativamente pequena a ponto de muitos projetos de engenharia não a levarem em conta, a despeito do que está estabelecido na norma brasileira de projetos de estruturas resistentes a sismo (NBR 15421). Todavia, a sismicidade do Brasil não é nula; especialmente para algumas áreas, como a borda passiva, cuja média é superior a 70% da registrada na região continental estável. Os terremotos são imprevisíveis, mas a boa engenharia não deve ser. Este artigo discute a importância da consideração das ações sísmicas nas análises das estruturas civis, fazendo uma avaliação do mapa de perigo sísmico trazido pela NBR 15421, indicando procedimentos e condutas que devem ser tomados para o adequado projeto. Embora os projetos de algumas edificações, em algumas áreas do país, possam realmente desprezar a ação sísmica, tem-se a necessidade de discutir os procedimentos adequados para os prédios de operação especial e uso coletivo, exatamente aqueles que deveriam funcionar em caso de sinistro. Se não é possível eliminar o perigo sísmico, o objetivo é diminuir a vulnerabilidade a fim de se ter um risco sísmico aceitável, com um custo econômico e social admissíveis.
Women and Men's Legislative Success in the 21st Century Professional and Citizen State Legislatures
Authors: Whistler Donald E. , Ellickson Mark C.
Published: September 2016

The bill-passage success of women and men legislators in professional and in citizen state legislatures is evaluated using a path analytical model. The model consists of exogenous personal, institutional, district, and state-level variables, an intervening variable of legislative leadership positions, and the direct and indirect effects of these variables on bill-passage success. With data from a 2004 survey of all fifty lower state houses compared to a similar 1992 nationwide survey of state legislators, women legislators display increased legislative positions and bill-passage in both professional and citizen state legislatures. The model predicts that institutional factors and, to a lesser extent, personal attributes are essential components for acquiring legislative positions as well as bill-passage success for women and men in both types of legislatures.
Character First: Rethinking John McCain's 2008 Campaign Strategy
Authors: Holian David B. , Prysby Charles
Published: September 2016

Barack Obama's defeat of John McCain in 2008 was hardly surprising given the campaigns context, which was toxic for the Republican Party. Yet, in such perilous times, McCain enjoyed certain advantages, namely his reputation for strong leadership and his years of government experi-ence that could have been profitably contrasted with Obama's relative youth and inexperience. Given these advantages, we speculate as to whether McCain could have pulled even with Obama in the popular vote by increasing his lead among persuadable voters on their perceptions of the candidates character traits. Using ANES data on traits from 1988 to 2008, we conclude that, short of profound missteps by the Obama campaign, McCain would have had to accomplish more than simply shifting voter perceptions of character traits in a more favorable direction to win the election.
What (or Who) Makes Campaigns Negative?
Authors: Grossmann Matt
Published: September 2016

Previous work on negative political advertising focuses on candidate characteristics and electoral circumstances; it reveals inconsistencies in the effects of party, incumbency, gender, and competitiveness. I argue that one important set of variables has been excluded: the consulting firms who produce candidate advertising may influence negativity. I explain variation in attack ads and negativity across campaigns for the U.S. House of Representatives in 2002 and 2004, finding that particular consulting firms run more negative campaigns, regardless of electoral circumstances. Idiosyncratic preferences of campaign consultants thus influence the character of campaigns.
Local Political Context and Polarization in the Electorate: Evidence from the 2004 Presidential Election
Authors: Hawley George
Published: September 2016

Political scientists have long examined the degree to which the American electorate exhibits partisan and ideological polarization and sought to explain the causal mechanism driving this phenomenon. Some scholars have argued that there is an increasing degree of geographic polarization of the electorate—that is, a large percentage of geographic units are becoming less politically heterogeneous. In this study, I argue that the two trends are related. Using individual-level data from the 2004 National Annenberg Election Survey, I examine the relationship between local partisan context and political attitudes using multilevel models. I find that, as the local political context becomes less competitive in national elections; those in the local political majority become more ideologically extreme, strengthen their partisan attachments, and hold more polarized attitudes toward the two major-party presidential candidates. These findings suggest that the growing geo- graphic partisan segregation of the electorate is an important source of ideological and partisan polarization.
Três cenários educacionais para o futuro: lições da sociologia do conhecimento
Authors: Young Michael , Muller Johan
Published: September 2016

O presente texto se baseia em enfoques oriundos da sociologia do conhecimento e, em vista deles, constrói três cenários para o futuro da educação nas próximas décadas. O principal foco recai sobre uma das mais cruciais questões enfrentadas pelos formuladores de políticas educacionais – a relação entre a escola e o conhecimento da vida cotidiana ou do senso comum. As diferentes possibilidades sobre como as fronteiras entre conhecimento escolar e não escolar devem ser abordadas são expressas em três cenários – “fronteiras dadas”, “um mundo sem fronteiras” e a ideia da “manutenção das fronteiras como condição para seu cruzamento”. As implicações educacionais de cada cenário são exploradas e argumenta-se em favor do terceiro deles. Consideram-se também os fatores que podem fazer com que um ou outro desses cenários domine nas políticas educacionais.
Avaliação institucional na educação básica: retrospectiva e questionamentos
Authors: Barretto Elba Siqueira de Sá , Novaes Gláucia T. Franco
Published: September 2016

 

Sem a pretensão de um exame exaustivo, o texto faz uma retrospectiva das experiências de uso da avaliação institucional na educação básica no Brasil desde meados dos anos 1990. Observam-se iniciativas de avaliação não só nos ensinos fundamental e médio, seja em escolas isoladas ou em redes públicas, mas também na educação infantil. Em anos recentes, esta última etapa tem sido objeto de ações do Ministério da Educação e de entidades colaboradoras visando à disseminação em âmbito nacional dessa prática. O estudo encontra grande convergência nos referenciais teórico-metodológicos adotados na avaliação institucional da escola, invariavelmente comprometidos com a perspectiva de melhoria da qualidade da educação, assim como nos procedimentos para sua implementação. Discute ainda questões comuns, suscitadas pelo seu emprego.

 

 

 

 

 
Errata
Authors: Editorial Comitê
Published: September 2016

 

 
SERTÃO, NAÇÃO E NARRAÇÃO: MARGENS DA HISTÓRIA E DA FICÇÃO EM GUIMARÃES ROSA * SERTÃO, NATION AND NARRATION: MARGINS OF HISTORY AND FICTION IN GUIMARÃES ROSA
Authors: Demetrio Everton
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Dialogando com a narrativa de Guimarães Rosa, esse texto procura apontar o trabalho ímpar da linguagem rosiana para processar a mediação entre "fato" e ficção, literatura e história, bem como, refletir em torno das representações do sertão elaboradas em sua narrativa como reveladoras de um espaço maior que a região, espaço nacional. O sertão imaginado na narrativa do autor mineiro, aquém das imagens que instituem a nação homogênea e uma, nos serve como chave de leitura para outro sentido de nação, narrada a partir dos confins da pátria. Sertão que desvela o entre-lugar da nação, atentando para a natureza liminar do grande sertão, no qual a questão dos limites e das margens, da contradição e descontinuidade constituem o cerne da questão nacional.Palavras-chave: História; Narrativa; Ficção; Guimarães Rosa; Nação Abstract: Dialoguing with Guimarães Rosa's narrative, this text tries to point out the unique work of Rosa's language to process the mediation between "fact" and fiction, literature and history and reflect around the backwoods of representations made in his narrative as revealing of more space than the region, national space. The backcountry imagined in the mining author narrative, short of images establishing a homogeneous nation and serves as the reading key to another sense of nation, narrated from the country ends. Hinterland unveiling between the place of the nation, noting the preliminary nature of the great hinterlands, where the question of the limits and margins of contradiction and discontinuity are at the heart of the national question.Keywords: History; Narrative; Fiction; Guimarães Rosa; Nation
DESCONSTRUÇÃO DO EXÍLIO NOS CONTOS “PARIS NÃO É UMA FESTA” E “LONDON, LONDON OU AJAX, BRUSH AND RUBBISH”, DE CAIO FERNANDO ABREU * DESCONSTRUCCIÓN DEL EXILIO EN LOS CUENTOS “PARIS NÃO É UMA FESTA” Y “LONDON, LONDON OU AJAX, BRUSH AND RUBBISH”, DE CAIO FERNANDO ABREU
Authors: Bachmann Theresa
Published: September 2016

Resumo: Nos contos “London London ou Ajax, Brush and Rubbish” e “Paris não é uma festa” (ambos publicados no livro Pedra de Calcutá, 1977), Caio Fernando Abreu transcria a experiência do seu exílio voluntário na Europa durante os anos 1970. O exílio e a anistia não figuram na narrativa como fins em si mesmos, e sim como ponte para novos problemas: a por vezes difícil inserção no mercado de trabalho, as dificuldades de sobrevivência no estrangeiro, o sentimento de exclusão e não-pertencimento depois do retorno à pátria. A proposta desse ensaio é analisar a desconstrução da ideia idílica em torno do exilado e da vivência do exílio operada por ambos os textos; além disso, refletir sobre a importância desses textos frente ao atual debate em torno da articulação das memórias do exílio brasileiro das décadas de 1960, 1970 e 1980. Palavras-chave: literatura, memória, transcriação, exílio, desmistificação Resumen: En sus cuentos “London London ou Ajax, Brush and Rubbish” y “Paris não é uma festa” (ambos publicados en el libro Pedra de Calcutá, 1977), Caio Fernando Abreu configuró la experiencia de su exilio voluntario en Europa durante los años 1970. Exilio y amnistía no aparecen en la narrativa como un fin propio, sino un puente hacia nuevos problemas: la en ocasiones difícil inserción en el mercado de trabajo, las dificultades de sobrevivencia en el extranjero, el sentimiento de no-pertenecer luego del retorno a la patria. La propuesta de este ensayo es analizar la desconstrucción de la idea idílica alrededor del exiliado y de la vivencia del exilio operada por ambas narrativas; además, reflexionar acerca de la importancia de esos textos frente al actual debate en torno a la articulación de las memorias del exilio brasileño en las décadas de los 1960, 1970 y 1980. Palabras-clave: literatura, memoria, configuración, exilio, desmitificación
REALIDADE E FICÇÃO, TRAUMA E AFETO: A AUTOPOIESIS NAS OFICINAS DE ESCRITA CRIATIVA * REALITY AND FICTION, TRAUMA AND AFFECTION. AUTOPOIESIS IN THE CREATIVE WRITING WORKSHOPS
Authors: Almeida Geruza Zelnys de
Published: September 2016

Resumo: O texto discute a relação entre realidade e ficção, bem como o trânsito entre uma e outra, a partir do trauma como elemento desestabilizador no discurso literário. Essa reflexão toma como base a instância autoral em processo de criação – escritura e leitura – nas oficinas de escrita criativa, analisando como a irrupção dos estilhaços de trauma convocam o corpo a ser com o corpus em performance coreográfica, o que hiperexcita os corpos tornando-os espaços de agenciamento. Nos momentos de escuta e partilha, favorecidos pela mediação atenta ao arquivo insubmisso do real, pode se observar o processo autopoiético sobre o qual se estruturam as múltiplas aprendizagens – especialmente de si – deflagrando as potencialidades provocativas, educativas e terapêuticas das oficinas, que as tornam suportes indispensáveis à educação não-formal.Palavras-Chave: ficção, trauma, afeto, autopoiesis, oficinas de escrita criativa Abstract: The paper discusses the relationship between reality and fiction, as well as the intersections between one and another, from trauma as a destabilizing element in literary discourse. This reflection is based on authorial instance in its creation process - writing and reading - in the workshops of creative writing. The paper mains analyze how the irruption of trauma convoke the body to be with the corpus in choreographic performance, which hiper excite the bodies turning it in assemblage space. In moments of listening and sharing, favored by mediation attentive to the real's unsubmissive file, it is possible to see the autopoietic process on which the multiple learning are structured, triggering the provocative, educational and therapeutic potential of workshops, which make it necessary supports for the non-formal education.Keywords: fiction, trauma, affection, autopoiesis, creative writing workshops
A ARMADILHA DE PADURA: AS VERDADES EM DETRIMENTO DE UM SUPOSTO HISTORICISMO * LA TRAMPA DE PADURA: LAS VERDADES EN DETRIMENTO DE UN SUPUESTO HISTORICISMO
Authors: Guerra Bruna Tella
Published: September 2016

Resumo: O texto que vem a seguir procura pensar a literatura do cubano Leonardo Padura não como mero instrumento de acesso à História, como alguns críticos fizeram. Aqui, tentarei argumentar que por meio de suas escolhas e construções estético-literárias é possível chegar a determinadas verdades, que nada mais são que pontos de vista para se olhar o mundo. Para isso, utilizarei, mais especificamente, dois aspectos da literatura de Padura: a referência à literatura policial do estilo hard-boiled e a perspectiva humanizada na construção dos personagens. Palavras-chave: Literatura hispano-americana; Leonardo Padura; História; Ficção. Resumen: El texto que viene a seguir procura pensar la literatura del cubano Leonardo Padura no como mero instrumento de acceso a la Historia, como algunos críticos hicieron. Aquí, voy a intentar argumentar que por medio de sus elecciones y construcciones estético-literarias es posible llegar a determinadas verdades, que nada más son que puntos de vista para mirar el mundo. Para eso, utilizaré, más específicamente, dos aspectos de la literatura de Padura; la referencia a la literatura policial del estilo hard-boiled y la perspectiva humanizada en la construcción de los personajes.Palabras-clave: Literatura hispanoamericana; Leonardo Padura; Historia; Ficción.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Damazio Crhistophe Barros dos Santos , Helfenstein Janaína , Tonon Marina Rodrigues , Venturini Mayara Brandão , Ruiz Renan Branco , Rudi Thiago Augusto Modesto
Published: September 2016

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Embracing the Divine: Devotional Zeal and Mystical “Humanation” in Rembrandt’s Annunciation Sketch
Authors: Nutting Catherine M.
Published: September 2016

Rembrandt’s 17th–century sketches of radical religious transformation illuminate the inner workings of spiritual conviction and reveal the religious tone of Rembrandt’s society. But they also privilege psychology over narrative, and use emotionally charged gestures to elucidate human responses to divine presence. In particular, Rembrandt develops the symbol of the divine touch, which I argue parallels the 17th–century Dutch absorption in debates about the workings of God’s grace. The symbolic physical closeness that characterises Rembrandt’s Old and New Testament subjects is grounded in the Reformation emphasis on personally knowing a magnanimous God, which is in turn rooted in concepts of the mystical marriage between God and “saved humanity,” themes that underlie Rembrandt’s unusual Annunciation sketch.
Enfoque de género y políticas públicas. Una propuesta para el turismo en el destino Jardines del Rey - Cuba
Authors: Cotelo Armenteros Sahyly , Herrera Pérez Martín Eloy , Alarcón Armenteros Adelfa Dignora
Published: September 2016

El turismo es un sector importante dentro de la economía cubana por los ingresos que aporta a esta, de ahí que se realizan investigaciones en diferentes temas. Uno de estos temas es el enfoque de género, a lo que responde este trabajo, cuyo objetivo es caracterizar el enfoque de género en la actividad turística que se desarrolla en el destino Jardines del Rey. Para su realización, se parte de referentes teóricos y prácticos, con el diagnóstico de la problemática en un caso de estudio seleccionado, el empleo de métodos y técnicas de la investigación cualitativa como el diario, la entrevista, la encuesta, la historia de vida, el análisis documental, entre otros, que permiten arribar a la siguiente conclusión: la situación actual sobre el tema indica que se deben definir políticas específicas que ayuden a superar las barreras culturales de género en la selección y contratación del capital humano en el destino turístico Jardines del Rey.
Suggestion System as an HRM Tool to be Successful in Organisations in New Zealand: Empirical Evidence
Authors: J du Plessis Andries , Campus Albert
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether knowledge management under its three dimensions of knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and responsiveness to knowledge lead to innovation in Rwandan SMEs. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design to collect data used to examine that relationship. The results revealed that only knowledge sharing was found positive and significant predictor of innovation. This implies that effective knowledge management through knowledge sharing may lead to innovation.This study used a cross-sectional research design combined with a quantitative research approach. Future researchers could employ a longitudinal method to investigate any possibility of variations in the results. Qualitative studies could equally be used to supplement the quantitative findings. Lastly, this study focused on manufacturing SMEs only. Future research might focus on other types of businesses. Owners-managers of SMEs may sustain their competitive position and survive longer when knowledge is effectively and efficiently shared in order to increase their innovation capability. The study generated empirical evidence on less studied phenomena in the SMEs sector. The evidence highlighted the powerful influence of knowledge sharing in predicting innovation in SMEs.
The tribes in the context of the digital technological hybridism: the constitution of the virtual digital acquaintanceship
Authors: Backes Luciana , Gibbon Ratto Cleber
Published: September 2016

The article approaches the graduation of the educator in the contemporaneity, investigating the processes of teaching and learning through emerging digital technologies (DTs). The DTs can be understood as acquaintanceship places, while they enable the representation of the perception about the knowledge, the dialogical relationship and the interaction among participants. In other words, thinking the human being regarding the other. The problem includes two aspects: the context of the digital technological hybridism and the constitution of the virtual acquaintanceship. The reflection about this problem took place during the initial graduation courses of the educator, developed in Brazil and in France, in the digital technological hybridism context – composed by DTs: Learning Virtual Environment; Instant Communicator; Blog and Metaverse. The empirical data resulted from the process of interaction and representation of perception of the participants in the proposed activities. Those data were submitted to the methodology of content analysis. Thus, in the research, we evidenced that the constitution of virtual digital acquaintanceship occurs through: thrilling encounters, the aesthetics that founds the “tribes”; the daily “being-together” that is established in sociality and otherness; the dialogical relationships in the interaction processes; the structural coupling established in acquaintanceship. Therefore, we believe that in the educational context, the development of problematizing (disturbance) pedagogical practicing of the daily living and living together is important, in congruency with the DTs that potentiates the interaction.
Foreign Language Acquisition on the Web: What teacher? What student? What language?
Authors: Coutrim Erica De Cássia Modesto
Published: September 2016

Foreign language acquisition on the Web and its consequent concerns in respect to its possibilities and limitations have been a major source of contention in the academic and business worlds. However, more importantly, the teaching and/or learning process through the Internet modifies the subjects and the objects involved in the challenges and strategies of foreign language acquisition. This reciprocity of transformations between subjects and objects refers to the idea that the material world is not restricted to a subjective action and that, as well as the subjects involved, the objects are autonomous and have what we can maybe call government or agency. In this way, it is objective of this research, part of the authoress's doctoral thesis, to show that the transfer of the teaching-learning process of foreign languages to the virtual learning environment goes far beyond the mastery of technological tools. It was intended to point out the complexity of introducing the Internet in learning activities. Accordingly, we used the quantitative methods for data collection through closed surveys of German teachers’ attitude and opinion regarding the use of Internet German for educational purposes. The research's results indicated that there is still a persistence in maintaining the established roles despite the belief about the significance of the non-human element in the new context in which they are inserted. In face of that resistance, a mix of false expectations and false results are established, thus producing nothing “new” in a new environment.Keywords: Internet, foreign language acquisition, new materialism
Cytotoxicity of fractions derived from Crude Water Soluble Extract (CWSE) of Momordica charantia (Linn) Leaves on Lung, cervical and Breast cancer cells
Authors: Ehigie Adeola F. , Wei Peng , Ehigie Leonard O. , Odediran Samuel A. , Wei Taotao , Yan Xiyun , Olorunsogo Olufunso O.
Published: September 2016

The in vitro cytotoxicity of five fractions derived from the crude water-soluble extract (CWSE) of Momordica charantia, a known medicinal herb was tested on four cancer cell models; MDA-MB 436 and 231 (breast cancer cell lines),  HeLa (Cervical cancer cell lines) and A549 (Lung cancer cell lines). N-hexane (D4) < Dichloromethane (D5) < Ethyl acetate (D3) < Butanol (D2) < Aqeous (D6) fractions, all obtained via solvent partitioning in their order of increasing polarity were administered at varied concentrations (50, 75,100, 125, 150 and 200 μg/mL) for 24 h.

 

Cell viability was detected using the MTT assay. Cells treated with the Butanol and Aqueos fractions respectively showed survival rates as high as 96.11% and 85.75%  for  MDA-MB 231; 93.59% and 88.28% for MDA-MB 436; 101.62% and 96.76% for HeLa and 89.55% and 81.40% for A549 even at 200μg/mL, the highest considered concentration.

 

Whereas, at tested concentrations, cells treated with the N-hexane, Dichloromethane and Ethyl acetate fractions showed marked cytotoxic effects with the Inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging between 100μg/mL and 125μg/mL. We also observed that the ethylacetate fraction displayed the highest cytotoxicity having its approximate IC50 at 100μg/mL, especially for MDA-MB 231 (~51%), HeLa (~54%) and A549 (~43%). The percentage viability for MDA-MB 436 at 100μg/mL is about 64.2%, albeit at 125μg/mL percentage viability dropped to 34.7%

 

This paper may provide cytological evidence for the inhibitory effect of Momordica charantia on certain cancer cell proliferation. 
Weed management practices on winter French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under western Uttar Pradesh conditions
Authors: Panotra Narinder , Kumar Ashwani
Published: September 2016

A Field investigation was conducted during the Rabi season of 2003-04 and 2004-05 at Baraut, Uttar Pradesh, to find out most suitable weed management practices on winter French bean. Among the 12 weed management treatments in French bean viz. weedy check, hand weeding at 30 days after sowing, weed free, fluchloralin @ 0.75 kg/ha, fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg/ha, fluchloralin @ 0.75 kg/ha with hand weeding at 30 days after sowing, pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg/ha, pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha, pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg/ha with hand weeding at 30 days after sowing, oxyfluorfen @ 0.15 kg/ha, oxyfluorfen 0.20 kg/ha, oxyfluorfen @ 0.15 kg/ha with hand weeding at 30 days after sowing. Application of fluchloralin (pre-planting) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha had maximum weed control efficiency (79.8%), which was at par to  pre-emergence application of pendimethalin1.0 kg/ha (78.7%). The effect of these herbicides were also pronomced in terms of different growth and yield attributes of French bean crop and had maximum number of branches/plant (6.16 to 6.23), leaf area index (1.06 to 1.07), number of pods/plant (5.51 to 5.53) and 100-seed weight (316.2 to 316.7). The highest yield (1.11 to 1.10 t/ha) and N uptake (52.52 to 52.95 kg/ha) was noticed under fluchloralin or pendimethalin applied plot 1.0 kg/ha also it had reduced N losses through weeds. Economic evaluation in terms of returns Rs./Re invested was maximum under fluchloralin or pendimethalin applied plot reveals the significance of these herbicides in western Uttar Pradesh.
The Effect of Inner Borehole and Outer Boundary Dimensions in Thick-Walled Cylinder Test
Authors: Tehrani Soroush T. , Sinaki Ahmadreza Younessi , Sarmadivaleh Mohammad , Golmohammadi V.
Published: September 2016

It is well-known that the risk of sanding varies for different completion systems, i.e. open hole versus cased and perforation, in a given wellbore and reservoir. Part of this difference comes from the scale effect of the borehole. Pragmatic approaches are usually taken to consider the borehole scale effect in the sand production prediction analysis. A more rigorous approach is needed to take this effect into account.

Experiments have been conducted by researchers on Thick-Walled Cylinder (TWC) samples with different inner to outer diameter ratios (ID/OD) for samples with standard dimensions (1.5in ID, and 3in length) to investigate the borehole scale effect on the failure of the inner borehole. However, the results partially suffer from the outer boundary effect of the tests and may not purely represent the inner borehole scale effect. Here in this paper, the outer boundary effects of TWC experiments were distinguished from the inner borehole scale effect using analytical approaches followed by extensive laboratory experiments. For this purpose results from comparing different failure criteria (i.e. Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager, Mogi and modified Lade) from Tehrani's results (2016) were used. Then, the volumetric strain was formulated against confining pressure to explain the elastic, elastic-plastic, and plastic behaviour of the rock.

Variation of TWC strength of samples with different inner borehole sizes may not be fully captured by the analytical approach which only considers the effect of the ID/OD. Hence, the differences between the analytical and experimental approaches can be considered as the inner borehole scale effect. As expected, the analysis showed that the size of the inner borehole and the outer boundaries significantly change the TWC strength of the rock. After distinguishing the outer boundary effects, the results shows a decreasing trend between the inner borehole size and the TWC strength of the sample, which can be considered as the borehole scale effect.

This study has also broadened the understanding of the effect of borehole and boundaries dimensions in TWC test, which may be generalized to real scale cases, i.e. wellbores and perforations.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Transport and Storage of Methane in Kerogen
Authors: Kazemi Mohammad , Maleki Hossein , Takbiri-Borujeni Ali
Published: September 2016

Studying kerogen structure and its interactions with fluids is important for understanding the mechanisms involved in storage and production of hydrocarbons from shale. In this study, adsorption and transport of methane in a three dimensional type II kerogen model are studied using molecular dynamics simulations.

Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations are used to simulate the adsorption of methane and NonEquilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD) simulations are employed to simulate transport of methane in the kerogen model. The kerogen model prepared by Ungerer et al. (2014) is used in this study. In order to build a representative solid state model of kerogen, eight kerogen molecules are placed in a periodic cubic cell. Once the initial configuration of kerogen molecules is prepared, constant-temperature constant-volume (NVT) simulations and then constant-temperature constant-pressure (NPT) simulations are performed to obtain the final structure. For the final structure, density values are calculated and compared with the reported density range for kerogen density. Adsorption isotherm, self and transport diffusion coefficients of methane in the final kerogen structure are also calculated. Simulation results for the adsorption isotherm are fairly close to experimental results reported for a Haynesville shale sample. Computed values for self and transport diffusivities decrease as pressure increases and transport diffusion coefficients approach the self-diffusion coefficients.
Practical Metrics for Monitoring and Assessing the Performance of CO2-EOR Floods and CO2 Storage in Mature Reservoirs
Authors: Pasumarti Ashwin , Mishra Srikanta , Ganesh Priya Ravi , Mawalkar Sanjay , Burchwell Andrew , Gupta Neeraj , Raziperchikolaee Samin , Pardini Rick
Published: September 2016

Monitoring an appropriate set of performance metrics is an essential part of a reservoir management strategy that seeks to maximize the efficiency of CO2-EOR floods, and benchmark the performance of the reservoir to other fields in the region. While a number of studies have outlined various options for evaluating the performance of the reservoir, many are not applicable to depleted oilfields that are commonly encumbered with limited data availability. As interest in CO2-EOR grows beyond giving new life to old fields, into a means of reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, metrics that enable the analyst to assess the storage capacity of the reservoir in addition to oil recovery efficiency have also become increasingly desirable. This paper will present a streamlined set of metrics that meet these objectives, along with their implementation in a dashboard-style presentation. These metrics provide complementary and non-redundant information, and crucially, are still applicable where a paucity of pressure data exists. The analyst is equipped with four groups of critical information. These are (A) flow rate and cumulative production data; (B) EOR performance trends (incremental oil recovery efficiency, CO2 storage efficiency, and net CO2 utilization factor); (C) operational performance trends (voidage replacement ratio and producing CO2-oil ratio); and (D) storage performance trends (incremental oil recovery factor vs. CO2 storage and CO2 storage capacity vs. voidage). To facilitate comparison, all metrics are normalized to percentage of original hydrocarbon pore volume (HCPV) injected.

The utility of the selected set of metrics is demonstrated with data obtained from CO2-EOR activities in depleted oilfields of the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) region. First, a nine-panel dashboard is populated using the metrics discussed for the D-33 reservoir, and will be shown to be useful in: quantifying CO2 storage capacity, highlighting reservoir performance parameters (CO2 breakthrough, oil recovery, voidage-related pressure changes during EOR etc.) and identifying CO2-flood maturity. Second, a four-panel dashboard is displayed as a comparative tool across all reservoirs in the region in order to highlight best and worst performing reservoirs and establish representative ranges for reservoir performance. Both dashboards will be useful when comparing performance against averages published in literature.

This work's novelty is attributed to presenting an ideal set of performance metrics by streamlining the numerous options available. A unique dashboard-style presentation is suggested as a means of rapidly assessing oil recovery and CO2-storage performance, and collectively yielding useful insights.
Reservoir Simulation Using Smart Proxy in SACROC Unit - Case Study
Authors: He Qin , Mohaghegh Shahab D. , Liu Zhikun
Published: September 2016

In oil and gas industry, quick decisions on reservoir management have a huge impact on business success. Reservoir simulation is used as a typical tool to predict field performance and analyze uncertainties for assistance on decision making. Nevertheless, history matching, as a critical step of reservoir simulation, typically requires running a numerical simulation model repeatedly with different parameter settings, which is a huge computational cost, especially for complicated geological models with numerous grid cells. For reservoir engineers, how to achieve efficient reservoir simulation by taking full advantage of field data without compromise on the simulation time is a big concern.

In this work, Smart Proxy, as a relative new proxy model type, is proposed to investigate the feasibility of fastening history matching process as an alternative. Smart Proxy is an ensemble of Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining (AI&DM) technologies that are able to learn and replicate the behavior of reservoir simulation model with high accuracy. It can be developed off line and put online for automatic history matching at high speed such that a single run can be performed in a fraction of a second (Mohaghegh 2006).

This paper presents the Smart Proxy generation and its implementation in a real oilfield simulation case named SACROC Unit. It essentially involves detailing numerical reservoir simulation and Smart Proxy generation for a naturally fractured carbonate numerical simulation model with highly complicated development stages. The developed Smart Proxy is implemented to perform automatic history matching in the designated study area of SACROC Unit. The efficient history matching has been proven to be successfully accomplished using Smart Proxy simulation. Tremendous time and efforts have been saved without any compromise on simulation accuracy compared with that of traditional numerical reservoir simulation method.
Micro Dogleg Detection with Continuous Inclination Measurements and Advanced BHA Modeling
Authors: Mills K. A. , Menand S. , Suarez R.
Published: September 2016

Micro doglegs are a natural effect of any vertical or directional well that can explain a wide variety of down hole problems, from additional torque and drag to an inability to run completions. These doglegs are inherent to the rock drilling process and can generate borehole spiraling in vertical sections or slide-rotary pattern when using steerable mud motor in horizontal sections. Standard surveying every 95ft or so cannot detect these micro doglegs and only gives a partial look at the actual well path. This paper presents the results of a case study showing how accurate downhole measurements combined with advanced drill string modeling can detect borehole tortuosity and better quantify the down hole drilling efficiency.

A trajectory prediction model able to calculate the inclination and azimuth each foot or so has been developed to estimate micro doglegs using standard surveys, bottom hole assembly (BHA) data and steering parameters. In the demonstrated case, a slick motor assembly was used to drill a horizontal well in a single run. The predicted trajectory was then compared to actual continuous inclination data gathered by the measurement while drilling tool during drilling and showed a good match between the predicted trajectory and the actual drilled trajectory. Transitions between sliding and rotating modes are highlighted by micro doglegs and downhole forces, such as bending moment close to the bit, are well reproduced by the model.

This new methodology combining downhole data measurements with drill string modeling analysis highlights the potential for drilling optimization and wellbore placement. Having a better definition of the well path is very critical for torque and drag analysis and wellbore placement.

This paper presents for the first time a comparison between continuous survey measurements and computer modeling to highlight the importance of micro-doglegs in evaluating drilling performance.