bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of flexitarian diets on high-densit- lipoprotein (HDL) serum in obese female students
Authors: Rubyanti Septiana Dwi , Margawati Ani , Afifah Diana Nur , Dieny Fillah Fithra
Published: July 2024

Background: Obesity in female students affects metabolic profiles and reproduction. Consuming a plant-based diet can inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, thereby reducing the risk of obesity. The lipid profile plays a crucial role in metabolism and includes high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which has a protective effect against cardiovascular disorders, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.Objective: To analyze the effect of flexitarian diets on changes in serum HDL levels in obese female students.Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pre-post-test control group was employed. Twenty-two female students aged 19-25 years were selected using consecutive sampling. The subjects were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a flexitarian diet for 4 weeks consisting of three meals and two snacks totaling 1500 calories per day. Both groups were provided with educational leaflets about obesity and balanced nutrition. Food intake was assessed using a 3x24-hour food recall, while physical activity was measured using the IPAQ-SF questionnaire. Serum HDL levels were analyzed enzymatically before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25, including the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and the Mann-Whitney test.Results: There was a significant decrease in serum HDL levels in the intervention group (2.00 ± 2.83 mg/dL), while serum HDL levels in the control group increased (3.27 ± 8.25 mg/dL), although this increase was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean change in HDL levels (p > 0.05).Conclusion: A flexitarian diet for 4 weeks can lead to a significant reduction in serum HDL levels.
The sociodemographic factors on food insecurity among household living in disaster-prone area in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hastuti Vivilia Niken , Afifah Diana Nur , Sugianto Denny Nugroho , Anjani Gemala , Noer Etika Ratna
Published: July 2024

Background: Demak, as a disaster-prone coastal area in Central Java, faces issues such as malnutrition and food insecurity due to the impacts of climate change. As a result of coastal disasters, vulnerable people in coastal areas often experience loss of livelihoods, limited access to nutritious food, and increased risk of malnutrition.Objective: The study aimed to analyze the association between household food security and household demographic factors in Central Java’s coastal areas.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 households living in the coastal area of Demak by simple random sampling. The socio-demographic characteristics were conducted by interviewing the mother/child caregiver. The degree of household food security (HFS) was obtained using the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis.Results: Based on HFS status, 49.3% of respondents were food secure, 26.1% were food insecure without hunger, 20.3% were food insecure with moderate hunger, and 4.3% were food insecure with severe hunger. There was significant correlation between father’s educational level, mother’s educational level, and monthly household income per month on the HFS status (p<0.05).Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors associated with household food security status were father's and mother's education and monthly household income (p<0.05). The potential negative impact of household food insecurity on the nutritional status of family members needs to be studied further, especially vulnerable age groups such as toddlers and mothers in the household.
The effect of rosella tea on weight loss among overweight women in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: An interventional pilot study
Authors: Mayasari Noor Rohmah , Aline Sabrina , Hadi Novian Swasono
Published: July 2024

Background: Rosella tea is an anthocyanin-rich herbal remedy known to have an anti-obesity effect. Overweight women are expected to lose weight by consuming herbal tea without improving their lifestyles.Objectives: This pilot study evaluated the effects of rosella tea on reducing body weight among overweight women without improving their lifestyle.Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental design pre-post intervention was used in this study. Twenty-three overweight women aged 30-60 years were involved. The control and treatment groups consisted of twelve and eleven respondents, respectively. The treatment group consumed ± 250 ml rosella tea twice a day for 14 days. During the study, both groups were instructed to not change their lifestyles. Paired t-test and independent t-test were performed to test the effect of rosella tea consumption within and between groups, respectively.Results: After 14 days of consumption of rosella tea, the body weight was decreased by - 0.15 ± 0.24 kg (from 63.5 ± 10.35 kg to 63.35 ± 10.33 kg) for the treatment group and - 0.21 ± 0.25 (from 64.65 ± 9.54 kg to 65.65 ± 9.99 kg) for the control group but the difference did not reach significant levels (p>0.05). In both groups, dietary intake (e.g., calorie, carbohydrate, protein, and fat) and sedentary behaviour in the initial study were not different compared to at the end of the study, except for the lesser extent of dietary fibre in the control group.Conclusion: Administration of rosella tea for 14 days did not induce weight loss in overweight women without any lifestyle improvement (increase dietary fibre).
A systematic review of iron supplementation’s effects on adolescent girls
Authors: Silitonga Hanna Tabita Hasianna , Salim Lutfi Agus , Nurmala Ira
Published: July 2024

Background: Anaemia is a nutritional problem that mostly affects adolescent girls around the world and has become a public health problem in many countries. Iron supplementation is one of public health intervention used to prevent adolescents from iron deficiency anaemia. Various countries have widely applied this program to reduce and prevent anaemia in adolescent and pregnant women.Objectives: Therefore, this literature review will discuss the effects of iron supplementation program on adolescent girls.Materials and Methods: This study was a systematic literature review of eight articles. These articles were found from scientific journal articles from five databases (Proquest, Science direct, EbscoHost, Pubmed, SAGE).Results: Our study showed iron supplementation in adolescent girls increased haemoglobin status, serum ferritin and decreased anaemia prevalence.Conclusion: Initiatives for iron supplementation programs among adolescent girls are necessary to reduce iron deficiency anaemia.
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) reduces cholesterol and triglyceride in dyslipidemic male rats sprague–dawley model
Authors: Rohman Yulia , Nurudhin Arief , Wardhani Lusi Oka
Published: July 2024

Background: High-fat diets habit can lead to metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia which a significant contributor for cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidemia occurs as a result of metabolically interrelated abnormalities of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, including low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increasing of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. In order to enhance anti-lipid treatment, nutritional therapy containing bioactive compounds are investigated extensively, including those found in beetroot which shown potential in preventing and treating metabolic disorders.Objective: This study evaluated the effect of beetroot extract and beetroot juice on cholesterol and triglyceride levels as a dyslipidemia treatment, in comparison to simvastatin. Ethanol extract can attract flavonoids and betalain, but the extraction process can degrade fiber. Meanwhile, juice still contains quite a lot of fiber.Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and fed different diets for 56 days. The groups were: normal control (K0), negative control-HFD (KN), positive control-HFD + simvastatin (KP), single-dose treatment with BE (P1) or BJ (P2), and combination treatment with BE or BJ + simvastatin (P3 and P4), each intervention was given for 28 days. After blood drawn, cholesterol total and triglyceride serum were examined and analyzed.Results: Administration of beetroot extract and juice in single dose or combination with simvastatin gave a significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to before the intervention. The average reduction levels of cholesterol in P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 54.81, 56.31, 94.19 and 69.11 respectively. Whereas the average decreasing level of triglyceride were 43.28, 30.78, 54.28 and 46.37 in P1, P2, P3 and P4 groups. Combination treatment with simvastatin gave more reduction level compared with single dose beetroot extract or beetroot juice. The most effective reduction was in the beet extract combination with simvastatin group were -94.19±4.08 mg/dL (cholesterol) and -54.28±6.93 mg/dL (triglyceride).Conclusion: Both beetroot extract and juice, as single or combined with simvastatin, were able to decrease cholesterol and triglyceride levels, these indicated their potential for prevention and therapeutic in dyslipidemia. Further research is needed to investigate its mechanisms and establish optimal dosages for human consumption.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATE FROM TRADITIONAL FERMENTED FOOD PEKASAM FROM SAMBAS REGENCY KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Azzahra Uray Qiera Zelia , Maherawati Maherawati , Fadly Dzul
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackground: Pekasam is a fermented product made from fish through a salting process with the addition of rice and incubated in a closed container for 4-10 days. The dominant bacteria that grow in pekasam are lactic acid bacteria. LAB have the potential to produce antimicrobial compounds that can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.Objectives: The aim of this study is to isolate LAB from pekasam and determine its antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods: This study used a descriptive method with parameters such as total LAB colonies, microscopic and macroscopic morphology, and LAB antimicrobial activityResults: Total LAB colonies in this study ranged from 8,13×105–2,20×107 CFU/mL. The result of morphological identification showed that 32 isolates were bacilli and 1 were cocci with round-shape, flat edges, convex elevation, white and white-yellowish colors, and Gram positive. Based on antimicrobial activity, the highest (2,78 mm) inhibition zone was found in sample SB1 against Bacillus subtilis and the lowest (1,62 mm) was found in sample SB2 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of all LAB isolates was categorized as weak because the inhibition zone was <5 mm.Keywords: Antimicrobial; lactic acid bacteria; pekasam; pathogenABSTRAKLatar belakang: Pekasam adalah produk fermentasi ikan yang dibuat melalui proses penambahan nasi dan penggaraman, kemudian diinkubasi di dalam wadah tertutup selama 4-10 hari. Proses pembuatan pekasam melibatkan BAL. BAL berpotensi menghasilkan senyawa antimikroba yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi BAL dari pekasam dan mengetahui aktivitas antimikrobanya terhadap Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan parameter yang diamati meliputi total koloni BAL, morfologi koloni dan sel BAL, serta aktivitas antimikroba BAL.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total BAL berkisar antara 8,13×105–2,20×107 CFU/mL. Hasil uji morfologi menunjukkan sebanyak 32 isolat BAL berbentuk basil dan 1 isolat berbentuk kokus dengan karakteristik bulat, tepian rata, elevasi cembung, berwarna putih susu dan putih kekuningan, serta Gram positif. Zona hambat tertinggi (2,78 mm) terdapat pada sampel SB1 terhadap bakteri Bacillus subtilis dan zona hambat terendah (1,62 mm) terdapat pada sampel SB2 terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeurignosa.Simpulan: Aktivitas antimikroba BAL terhadap bakteri patogen tergolong dalam kategori lemah karena diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan <5 mm.Kata Kunci: Antimikroba; bakteri asam laktat; pekasam; patogen
Bibliografija Aleša Kmecla, dipl. ing. agr.
Authors: KMECL Elizabeta , GRBEC Cvetka , ŠKERJANEC Jerneja
Published: July 2024

The bibliography includes 102 published and unpublished (reports, projects,...) works, written in the years 1962 to 1997. Bibliographic notes are in chronological, yearly order.
Isolation of butyric acid producing xylanolytic bacteria from the rumen
Authors: ZOREC Maša , MARINŠEK-LOGAR Romana , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd
Published: July 2024

Xylans are major components of plant materials and a lot of the rumen bacterial species possess enzymes with xylanolytic activity. Recently we isolated eight xylanolytic strains from the rumen and determined metabolic end products, sugar fermentation profiles and enzymatic activities. All were Gram-negative, rod-like (except one coccoid), butyric acid producing bacteria that possess xylan-inducible xylanases. Four groups of isolates were provisionally founded (A, B, C, D). Most of the strains can not be classified into any of the established rumen xylanolytic species and further genotypic and phenotypic characterisation are needed in order to confirm our findings, suggesting the discovery of new rumen bacterial species.
Sugar fermentation profiles of bifidobacteria from rat gut
Authors: FANEDL Lijana , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd
Published: July 2024

Sugar fermentation profiles of 21 bifidobacterial isolates from rat small intestine were analyzed using the API 50CH test. The isolates were pooled into three main groups on the basis of the fermentation of 49 sugars. The sugar fermentation profiles of main groups were different from those of known bacterial species from the genus Bifidobacterium. According to the calculated phenetic similarity values the three groups of gut isolates were quite distant to each other, too. The group A seemed to be quite different from all 13 tested bifidobacterial type strains, the group B seemed to be phenotipically similar to B. magnum, while the group C displayed the highest similarity to the B. infantis type strain. The isolate 69 appeared to be different from all other gut isolates and seemed to be related either to B. pseudolongum or B. coryneforme type strains. Although the bacterial strains could not be classified into phylogenetic taxonomy units according to the phenotypic characteristics, it seems that the isolated rat gut bifidobacterial strains belonged to so far unidentified species.
Genetska raznolikost med fenotipsko različnima postrvema v Sloveniji, avtohtono in vneseno
Authors: SNOJ Aleš
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study was the identification of genetic polymorphism enabling a discrimination between Slovenian native (Danubian) and introduced (Atlantic) brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations. Within the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region three polymorphic sites with four different genotypes were found, two of them being characteristic for the Danubian brown trout, and the other two for the Atlantic and the Ohrid trout, respectively. Analyzing microsatellite DNA one informative locus was found, revealing four alleles which enabled the discrimination among the Danubian, the Atlantic and the Ohrid type of brown trout. Using these genetic markers it was confirmed that the genetic and phenotypic identity of Slovenian native brown trout is endangered with non-native one, especially at districts being intensively stocked with hatchery-reared brown trout.
In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes by mycoplasma synoviae derived mitogen
Authors: NARAT Mojca
Published: July 2024

Mycoplasma synoviae causes infections of the upper respiratory tract of chickens and turkeys. In poorly defined conditions infection results in an arthritic disease, infectious synovitis . Studying this synovitis as an animal model of an autoimmune arthritis we have examined the presence, location and potential of Mycoplasma synoviae mitogenic factor, which could trigger the induction of infectious synovitis. In the study described herein in vitro mitogenic activity of membrane fraction and culture supernatant preparations of four Mycoplasma synoviae strains was demonstrated. Active fraction from culture supernatant of Mycoplasma synoviae AAY-30 strain was more than twice as active as its membrane preparation. This activity resides to the soluble protein, which is active for chicken and mouse thymic cells and for human peripheral lymphoctyes. The culture supernatant mitogenic factor is a protein with molecular weight of about 60 kD and pI of about 4.0.
Predomination of CD8+ lymphocytes in synovial fluid of chickens with experimentally induced infectious synovitis
Authors: NARAT Mojca
Published: July 2024

The natural and experimental infection with Mycoplasma synoviae in chickens causes not only infection of the upper respiratory tract but also results in infectious synovitis, an arthritis which is regarded as an autoimmune disease due to its typical histological and immunological symptoms. In all arthritic diseases as well as in infectious synovitis T cells seem to play a major role in the development, maintenance and resolution of disease. Using monoclonal antibodies against different chicken T cell marker molecules we demonstrate predomination of CD8+a /b TCR cells in synovial fluid of experimentally induced infectious synovitis.
Hranilna in energijska vrednost koruzne silaže za krave molznice
Authors: RAJČEVIČ Marija , ILC Anton , ŽLINDRA Janez
Published: July 2024

We investigated chemical composition, nutritive and energy value of maize silage, produced in 1993, 1994 and 1995, consumed by dairy cows on Mercator-Kmetijsko gospodarstvo Kočevje. In 1993 the maize silage was drought-stricken, therefore for that year also in vitro digestibility of dry and organic matter of two samples by drought differently stricken maize and of two samples of silage with different content of dry matter was stated. The content of dry matter of the analyzed samples of maize silage was the 275.8 and 362.4 g kg-1, with 252 and 254.7 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.38 and 6.41 MJ kg -1 NEL in it. The digestibility of dry matter was 0.664 and 0.660, while digestibility of organic matter was 0.657 and 0.652. The average of 6 samples of the analyzed silages produced in 1993 was 312.9 ± 19.9 g kg-1 of dry matter, and in it was 228.3 ± 13.1 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.54 ± 0.12 MJ kg-1 NEL. In vitro digestibility of dry matter of maize silage with 311.1 g kg -1 of dry matter was 0.665, and organic matter 0.657; in silage with 347.2 g kg-1 of dry matter the digestibility of dry matter was 0.666, and of organic matter 0.660. In silage produced in 1994 (n=8) the average content of dry matter was 362.9 ± 50.6 g kg-1, and it was 231.5 ± 18.6 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.43 ± 0.2 MJ kg-1 NEL. The analyzed silage produced in 1995 (n=5) contained 307.9 ± 26.3 g kg -1 of dry matter, in which was 238.1 ± 11.3 g kg-1 of crude fibre and 6.3 ± 0.12 MJ kg-1 NEL. Energy and nutritive values of silage produced in 1993, when the maize was stricken by drought, were actually lower than shown by calculation on the base of chemical analysis.
Distribution of selenium and iodine in the tissues of laying hens fed with AS2O3 added to the diet
Authors: VADNJAL Robert , STIBILJ Vekoslava , HOLCMAN Antonija , DERMELJ Marjan
Published: July 2024

The aim of the work was to determine the effect of dietary As additions (39.6 m g As2O3/g) on tissues Se and I concentration of 49 weeks old Rhode Island Red laying hens. After 19 days blood was collected by anterious heart puncture and after slaughter following organs were collected: liver, kidney, lung, muscle (musculus pectoralis superficialis) and plumage. Se and I concentration were determined with radiochemical neutron activation analysis and the results were expressed on dry matter basis. In trial group the most Se concentration was found in kidney, followed by liver, blood, lung, muscle and plumage. In trial group the most I concentration was found in plumage, followed by kidney, lung, liver, blood and muscle. Added As in the feed significantly increased Se concentration in lung, I concentration in muscle and it significantly decreased I concentration in blood.
Določitev vsebnosti omega-3 in omega-6 maščobnih kislin v jajcih
Authors: STIBILJ Vekoslava , KOMAN RAJŠP Mojca
Published: July 2024

The aim of our work was to determine fatty acid composition of ordinary eggs and fatty acid composition of eggs enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid extraction preceeding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME-s) preparation for gas chromatography is time consuming and cumbersome. We omitted the lipid extraction and performed in situ transesterification (ISTE) by heating lipid - containing eggs at 90o C for 10 min after adding 0.5 N NaOH in methanol for methanolysis and continued heating another 10 min for further methylation after adding 12 % BF3 in methanol. Due to simplicity, speed and reduced organic solvent usage, we used ISTE method for determination eggs fatty acid composition. The analytical results are in good accordance with literature data. Omega-3 enriched eggs on the Slovene market(producer JATA Reja) have a better fatty acid profile (EPA+DHA = 4.42 ut%) than ordinary commercial eggs (EPA+DHA = 1.34 ut%) of the same producer.
Detecting oxidative stress in leaves of apple tree and white clover by analysis of ascorbic acid and pigments using high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: ŠIRCELJ Helena , BATIČ Franc
Published: July 2024

Ascorbic acid and photosynthetic pigments content in leaves of the apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) subjected to drought and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) exposed to high ozone concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography in order to detect oxidative stress. Measurements showed a significant difference between stressed and control plants. Water deficit increased ascorbic acid and zeaxanthin, and decreased total chlorophyll (a+b) and b-carotene in apple tree leaves. High concentrations of ozone increased ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, neoxanthin, zeaxanthin and b-carotene, and decreased violaxanthin and antheraxanthin in white clover leaves. Observed changes in ascorbic acid and photosynthetic pigment content in leaves of tested apple tree and white clover plants indicate that oxidative stress may have occured under stress conditions used in our experiments.
CO2 exchange rate of apple fruitlets before the abscission
Authors: STOPAR Matej , GREGORČIČ Ana , BATIČ Franc
Published: July 2024

Fruit CO2 exchange at the time of fruit setting period was evaluated on mature cv. 'Jonagold' apple trees after 4 days artificial shading with 90 % photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) reduction and after NAA 15 ppm and BA 50 ppm applied immediately after the end of shading. Light reduction which accelerated fruitlets abscission very quickly had a depressive effect on fruits CO2 dark respiration rate (Rd) and gross assimilation rate (Ag) 3 days after the end of shading. Similarly, reduced Rd and less negative net CO2 assimilation rate (A) was recorded on fruitlets 7 days after NAA and BA application what is explained as a diminished metabolism of fruits starting with abscission. The fruitlets from shaded trees, which did not tend to abscission any more, showed an enhanced Rd and more negative A on 7th or 8th day after the end of shading. Ethylene evolution from fruits 2nd and 7th day after NAA 15 ppm application was enhanced comparing to control fruits. BA 50 ppm enhanced ethylene evolution on 2nd day after spraying, however on 7th day the ethylene evolution was lower than in control fruits. Healthy, not to drop inclined fruitlets retained on trees 7 days after shading treatment, showed  stronger fruit ethylene production.
Hydroponic growing of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using a thin layer system with different substrates
Authors: OSVALD Jože , GANTAR Mirjam , PETROVIČ Nino
Published: July 2024

In the experiment, which took place on the experimental field of the  Bio-technical  Faculty  in Ljubljana from the end of  September 1992 until  February 1993,  we have compared the hydroponic  growing  of lettuce  (cv. 'Lusiana') on four different  substrates  (vermicu-lite, rockwool - 'Agrotervol', compost, and a mixture of compost  and peat)  with classic growing in soil. The highest  average  weight (139.9 g/plant) was measured in the mixture of  compost and peat. The average  weight  in the compost  was 129.3 g/plant, in soil 95.0 g/plant,  in rockwool 72.1 g/plant  and  in  vermiculite  64.4 g/plant.  Plants  grown in vermiculite and rockwool had a much greater  weight  on the upper side of the parcel - at  the  place where  we had been adding nutrient solution - compared  with  the lower  side  of the parcel. Measurement of nitrate on  the  upper side of the parcel registers a higher contain of nitrate in  leaves than in substrates. The highest average nitrate content was  measured in  plants grown in soil, while the lowest average content was recorded in plants  grown in rockwool and in the mixture of compost and peat.
Local heating in the growing of winter vegetables
Authors: OSVALD Jože , VRŠČAJ Avgust
Published: July 2024

The experiment deals with the comparison of different microclimates and the growth development of lettuce (cv.’Donia’ and cv. ‘Aprilia’), spinach (cv.’Matador’) and corn salad (cv. ‘Holandski’) in two tunnels with different local heating (tunnel A - the heating pipes were placed 20 cm deep in the soil, tunnel C - the heating pipes were placed on the surface of the soil, between rows) and in an unheated tunnel (B). The trial took place on the experimental field of the Biotehnical Faculty in Ljubljana from Dec. 1992 to Mar. 1993. With the lowest air temperature (20 cm above the soil) -6.5 °C, the air temperature in C was -2.5 °C,  in A -4.5 °C, and in B -6.8 °C, the temperature of the soil at a depth of 5 cm was 8.5 °C in A, 1 °C in B, and 3 °C in C. The entering temperature of the heating water was between 24 ° and 27.5 °C; the thermal - current from the surface of the heating pipes into their surrounding was 54 W/m2 in A and C 38 W/m2 of soil surface. The analyses of growing and yield show that the heaviest and most developed vegetables were in A and the least developed in B. All the vegetables had a long growing period because of the low morning and night air temperatures in the tunnels. This fact proves that none of the experimented forms of local heating is adequate as independent heating for growing winter vegetables. These experimental forms can be used only as supplementary heating.
Spremljanje rasti in razvoja cepljenk vinske trte (Vitis sp.) v prvem letu po cepljenju
Authors: TOZAN Drago , KOROŠEC-KORUZA Zora , TOMAŽIČ Irma
Published: July 2024

In 1995-96 the grapevine grafting experiment was set up in Vrhpolje nursery to see the influence of both the rootstock and the scion upon the weight and the number of roots/graft as well as upon the weight of the one-year shoots/plant. 2 vinifera cvs. 'Merlot' and 'Laški rizling' were grafted onto 4 rootstocks ('Kober 5 BB', 'SO 4', '420 A', 'Paulsen 1103'). The repetitions were 4 different dates of the rooting out the grafts, June 13th, July 4th, August 1st, and December 6th. In first months the  influence of the scion upon the grafts was significant, but not at the last date of the rooting out. In average cv. 'Laški rizling' gave better results as cv. 'Merlot'. The grafts on 'Paulsen 1103' rooted late, but burst very soon. At the last measerments those grafts gave the highest average roots and shoots weight/plant. The vines on '420 A' rooted and started to grow very late, many of grafts died. The grafts on 'SO 4' had the optimal rooting and growing dynamic. The grafts on 'Kober 5 BB' gave low average data at the last rooting out, the influence of the scion upon the graft development during the whole growth was significant.
Das Massenauftreten der Porreeminierfliege [Napomyza gymnostoma (Loew) - Diptera, Agromyzidae] in Slowenien
Authors: SELJAK Gabrijel
Published: July 2024

Die Porreeminierfliege Napomyza gymnostoma (Loew) ist für Slowenien neue Art aus der Familie Agromyzidae (Diptera). In den letzten drei Jahren verursachte sie grosse Schaden beim Anbau von Zwiebeln und Porree und ist zur Zeit wirtschaftlich wichtigster Schädling beider Kulturen in Slowenien. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Gradationschronologie in Mittel-Europa, ihre Verbreitung in Slowenien, ihrer Entwicklungskreis, das Beschädigungs-bild an den Nährpflanzen und die Schaden, die sie verursacht, besprochen. Die Teilergebnisse der Flugdynamik der Fliegen in der Gegend von Nova Gorica (West-Slowenien) im Jahre 1998 wird veröffentlicht. Es wird eine genaue Beschreibung der Art in slowenischer Sprache gegeben und zwei Schlüssel für die Bestimmung der in Europa auf Allium-Arten schädlichen Minierfliegen, erstellt, gesondert nach Imagines und Larven.
Food factors affecting the starch metabolism in men and their importance in the human diet
Authors: ŠKRABANJA Vida
Published: July 2024

Upon consumption, different starchy foods elicit different blood glucose responses. When compared to the reference product (glucose or white wheat bread) these foods could be systematically ranked with respect to the calculated glycemic indexes (GI). GI concept serves as a base for selecting the appropriate foods for diabetic patients. Several factors related to the carbohydrate source and its processing have been found to affect the rate and extent of starch digestion. In this review, the crucial determinants of the starch hydrolysis are stressed and the advantage of the slowly digested starchy foods are introduced.
Disease control in organic apple production
Authors: VIRŠČEK-MARN Mojca , ŠTAMPAR Franci
Published: July 2024

Organic fruit production is gaining importance with the growing public concern about healthy food and environment. Since the use of synthetic chemicals is not allowed in organic farming economical production of healthy fruits requires a high level of knowledge about diseases, pests, their natural enemies and the host. Practical experiences, recommendations and research results about disease control in organic apple production is reviewed in the article. Symptoms of less known diseases are also described.
The influence of plant density and covering on yield of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: ŽNIDARČIČ Dragan , OSVALD Jože
Published: July 2024

The effects of plant density and polypropylene cover on the marketable yield of bell peppers were studied at the Experimental Field of the Biotehnical Faculty in Ljubljana. Plants of cv. 'Soroksari' were transplanted in four population densities of 21.8, 13.2, 10.9 and 6.6 plant m-2. All plants were grown on soil covered with black PE film. The treatments consisted of covered plants in comparison to no cover control. Mean daily air temperatures under the covers were between 2.3 oC to 5.8 oC higher than outside temperatures. Cover was removed after 8 weeks when mean daily maximum temperatures exceeded 32 oC. Yield component analysis indicated that the fruit size was larger under covered treatments in comparison to uncovered treatments at all population densities. Total marketable yield per m2 were significantly higher under cover. In addition, increasing population density enhanced total marketable yield. The interactions of cover and population density were not significant for total marketable yield. The strongest influence in terms of an earlier yield has the covered crop at the second harvest on August 25. At this harvesting, the covered treatments had 109 % higher yield than uncovered treatments. The total accumulated marketable yield under cover was 71.8 % greater than with no cover control.
Impact of ozone on appearance of leaf injuries and changes in selected biochemical parameters of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)
Authors: PAČNIK Leopolda , BATIČ Franc , ŠIRCELJ Helena
Published: July 2024

An investigation of the impact of ozone on the appearance of leaf injuries and changes in selected biochemical parameters in white clover were conducted in frames of the research of the effects of ozone on growth and development on selected agricultural plants species. For this purpose, we used the methodology of the International Cooperative Programme-Crops (ICP-Crops). Two sampling sites in the vicinity of meteorological and air pollution measurement stations were chosen: Iskrba near Kočevje, as not polluted, rural area in Slovenia and Ljubljana as a site within larger city area. The presence of ozone and its phytotoxic effects was monitored using cultivars of white clover. The response of agricultural plants to ozone and other photooxidants was monitored using the prescribed protocol based on observation of typical ozone induced leaf chlorosis, harvesting of biomass and measurements of selected physiological and biochemical parameters in the leaves. We tried to correlate quantitative visible leaf damage with ozone measurements in the air. In our experiment we investigated the effect of ethylenediurea (EDU) treatment of white clover, which is considered to protect plants against ozone injuries. Our investigation confirmed that ozone concentrations measured in Slovenia can produce harmful effects on white clover. EDU did not totally protect white clover against ozone.
Estimation of the zone of influence of Trbovlje power station on the basis of bioindication methods
Authors: BATIČ Franc , VIDERGAR-GORJUP Natalija , ŠIRCELJ Helena , BINELLI Andreja , STRNIŠA Andrej , SIMONČIČ Primož
Published: July 2024

Several bioindication methods were applied in order to determine the area of influence of emissions from the Trbovlje Thermal Power Plant. From 1991 to 1996 epiphytic lichens were mapped at 260 sites in the area from Vače to Veliko Širje and from Prebold to Jatna. Ten experimental plots, differing in distance from the thermal power plant and their air pollution level, were chosen for detailed analyses of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst). Assessing damage to the number and density of branches and needles and analyses of macronutrients, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, a carotene, b carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein and ascorbic acid were chosen as markers of air pollution impact on Norway spruce. The conclusion was drawn that the emission area of the power plant exceeds the limits of the area researched. Pollution is somewhat lower in the north-west part of the investigated area. Dobovec, Kovk, Ostenk, Ravenska vas and Retje are strongly polluted. In 1991 and 1992 high concentrations of ozone were detected in Zasavje by monitoring with tobacco cultivars (Nicotiana tabacum L.). This was also confirmed by observing the response of cultivars of white clover, beans, sunflower and selected natural species at Kovk. The mapping of lichens and the analysis of biochemical parameters of spruce needles proved to be a highly useful bioindication method.
Preliminary studies of leaf net photosyntesis, planting systems and yield of some apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.)
Authors: SINKOVIČ Tomaž , PODGORNIK Helena , ŠIRCELJ Helena , ŠTAMPAR Franc , BATIČ Franc
Published: July 2024

In apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) the correlation between the leaves net photosynthesis, the tree yield and the leaf area of the tree was investigated. The experiments were carried out on three apple cultivars ('Jonagold', 'Elstar Elshof', 'Idared') for the three planting systems. Net photosynthesis and the tree yield reached the highest medium value in the one row planting system, the tree row system followed, whereas the lowest values of both parameters were measured in the "V" planting system. The tree leaf area had the lowest value in one row planting system and the highest value in tree row system. In high density planting system with three planting distances 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm, the highest net photosynthesis was measured at the 40 cm distance for all four cultivars involved in the experiment ('Golden Delicius', 'Red Elstar', 'Jonagold', 'Idared'). The tree yield and the tree leaf area in the high-density planting system did not show correlation with net photosynthesis.
The physico-chemical characteristics of Slovenian honey
Authors: GOLOB Terezija , PLESTENJAK Anamarija
Published: July 2024

Following Slovenian legislation the aim of this research was to determine the physico-chemical parameters in different types of honey. Sixtysix samples of six types of honey (acacia, floral, forest, fir, chestnut, and lime) were analysed for the content of water, ash, insoluble solids, HMF, acids, sugars and diastase activity. Statistical treatment of the results revealed that the assorted honeys differed in the content of the analysed parameters. The differences in the content of ash, total acids, diastase activity, fructose (F), glucose (G), and the F/G ratio among the types of honey were found to be statistically significant at PŁ0.001, in the content of HMF at PŁ0.01, and in the content of water at PŁ0,05, while the differences in the content of insoluble solids and sucrose were not significant. Comparing the results of the physico-chemical characteristics and the limits set by legislation we can conclude that practically all honeys correspond to Slovenian regulations (except seven samples of acacia with DN below 8).
Social assessment of beneficiaries to planned irrigation schemes in the framework of Slovenia irrigation project
Authors: UDOVČ Andrej , KOVAČIČ Matija , WAHL Franz – Dieter
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of social assessment study conducted on different beneficiary groups in the framework of Slovenia Irrigation Project. We have analysed 13 sub-project areas, where opinion polls were made on sample of farming households, and groups discussions with beneficiaries groups were held. We interviewed farmers, representatives of NGOs, and representatives of official institutions and agricultural support services. The results show that in all areas there is an interest for introduction of irrigation. This interest is connected with expected benefits: higher yields, better quality and reduction of risks because of draughts. The farmers are ready to financially contribute for on-farm equipment up to 100%, as far as primary distribution net is concerned the majority shares the opinion, that this is an infrastructure and it has to be financed from the state.
International scatter of salvia-related articles in serial publications and availability of core salvia-related serials in the libraries in Slovenia
Authors: BARTOL Tomaž
Published: July 2024

Scatter of information on medicinal plant genus Salvia in international journals via bibliographic records in major international life-sciences databases (AGRIS, CAB Abstracts, Derwent Biotechnology Abstracts, EMBASE, FSTA, ISTP, Life Sciences Collection, MEDLINE, NAPRALERT; SCI (SciSearch), and to a limited extent in the Chemical Abstracts and the Biological Abstracts) is investigated. An experimental union database in order to exclude all the duplicates was compiled. Some 1600 different references for the period 1986-1995 were obtained. 1274 references-articles that were judged as relevant by an end-user from the field were considered for further investigation. These were extracted from 503 different journals. 629 relevant references amongst the 1274 were available in Slovenian libraries in each pertaining year. 421 amongst 1274 were indexed by SCI. 322 of SCI references were available in Slovenia. The nucleus of 14 core journals (amongst 503) contains approximately a third of all relevant references/articles with the most productive journal containing as many as 116 Salvia-related articles not being directly available in Slovenia. 6 are not indexed by SCI. Regardless of the zone in the bibliograph some 50% of articles are available in Slovenia, on the other hand the available articles/journals appear on average in more than 2 copies what leaves some room for improved subscription policy.
Uporaba splošnega kriginga za objektivno prostorsko interpolacijo povprečne letne višine padavin v Sloveniji
Authors: KASTELEC Damijana
Published: July 2024

Universal kriging was used as a objective spatial interpolation method to obtain mean yearly precipitation of Slovenia, for the period 1961-1990. Its linear dependence by altitude and longitude was taken into account. We used the data corrected for the error caused by wind. The spatial interpolation was done in the grid with 1 km resolution. We used the digital relief model with the same resolution.
On the basis of the cross-validation technique we chose the exponent variogram model. The circle with the 40 km radius as the influential surrounding was taken into consideration. On these basis we obtained the mean yearly precipitation map for Slovenia. We compared our results with the subjectively obtained map (Kolbezen and Pristov, 1998). The results were assessed on the basis of the cross-validation technique and analysis of kriging standard error.
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Medicinal review
Authors: HAGELS Hansjoerg
Published: July 2024

Buckwheat herb is known to contain a large amount of rutin. Rutin, the flavonol glycoside quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, is found in many plants. Only few, such as Sophora japonica and even some Eucalyptus species, contain as high amounts as buckwheat leaves. Rutin and even buckwheat herbs are a medicine to influence the permeability of the vessels, thus helping to prevent haemorrhages, ruptures and edema. The review mentions results about the preclinical and clinical studies of buckwheat herb, and even of isolated rutin. The fagopyrism and even a small number of allergy cases are disscused.
Somaclonal variation as a tool for temperate fruit breeding
Authors: VIRŠČEK-MARN Mojca
Published: July 2024

Somaclonal variation involves all forms of phenotypic and genotypic variation generated by in vitro growth. It can provide useful genetic variation for plant improvement, especially in vegetatively propagated crops such as fruits. The efficiency of breeding by somaclonal variation can be enhanced by in vitro screening. Apart from some general information about somaclonal variation, research on somaclonal variation and in vitro selection in apple, pear and quince, strawberry and peach is reviewed in the paper.
Die Präferenz des Speisebohnenkäfers (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say) unter Laboratoriumsbedingungen
Authors: MILEVOJ Lea , FLORJANČIČ Borut , GOMBOC Stanislav
Published: July 2024

Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Präferenz des Speisebohnenkäfers auf Belichtung und Kultivare unter Laboratoriumsbedingungen. Die Resultate zeigen, dass cv. ‘Jabeljski pisanec’ (gescheckte Bohnen von Jablje) signifikant stärker befallen wird als cv. ‘Berggold’. In den Spiesebohnen, die im dunkleren Teil der Gefässe während des Versuchs lagen, vermehrte sich der Käfer erfolgreicher als in dem hellen Teil der Gefässe. So wurden die meisten Käfer aus den Speisebohnen des cv. ‘Jabeljski pisanec’ gezählt, die im dunklen Teil der Gefässe aufbewahrt wurden und die um 72,3% befallen waren. Bei Studien der Lichteinwirkung zeigte sich, dass sich in der Dunkelheit mehr Käfer ausbrüteten als bei Licht, ebenso waren die Speisebohnen hierbei prozentuell stärker befallen.
An overview of arable soil contamination with residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons, copper and triazines for the period 1987 - 1996
Authors: UREK Gregor , GREGORČIČ Ana , GARTNER Andrej
Published: July 2024

In order to determine the contamination of agricultural soil with residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons, copper and triazines, samples were taken in the years 1987 – 1996 from intensively cultivated arable soil (vineyards, orchards, potato fields, maize fields, vegetable fields) situated in the area of Gorenjska, Dolenjska, Štajerska, Prekmurje, Koroška and Primorska. In 1991, in order to establish the content of residues of some phytopharmaceutical products in lower soil layers, depth drilling was used to take samples from 50 cm thick layers situated in intensively cultivated areas (Groblje, Jablje) and extensively cultivated areas lying directly in the underground water area used as a source of drinking water in Primorska (the surroundings of Rižana). It was found out that the quantity of residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons in soil (arable soil) was constantly decreasing or that it was mostly negligible, that the problem of soil contamination with triazine residues was not manifested and that in all treated samples a rather large quantity of copper residues was found. In the drill holes from intensive production areas it became evident that the concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons were very low throughout the entire cross-section. Concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the subsoil of extensive production areas were negligible, however, on some places their residues were washed off all the way to the solid ground (rock). The quantities of triazine residues were negligible or hardly determinable and they were frequently found only in higher layers.
Vegetative and generative characteristics of 20 apple (M. domestica Borkh.) cultivars
Authors: VIRŠČEK-MARN Mojca
Published: July 2024

Ten new apple cultivars, three promising Slovene and two American hybrids in comparison with five standard cultivars were studied in a trial orchard in Brdo pri Lukovici. The tree height, the crown width and the trunk cross-sectional area, measured at the end of the fifth growing season, the cumulative yield of the first four years of full cropping and the cumulative yield efficiency for the same period are presented in the article. On the basis of the Ward's cluster analysis of three variables (tree height, crown width and trunk cross-sectional area), four groups of cultivars were determined. Due to large differences in tree vigour, significant differences were found between the cumulative yield per tree and the cumulative yield efficiency of some cultivars. A high cumulative yield efficiency was observed for cultivars Jerseyred, Šampion, Gala, Arlet, MB 9486 and NY 61345-2. The lowest cumulative yield efficiency was found for cultivars Čadel, Jonathan and Delbard Jubilé.
Free sugar and sorbitol content of pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L. and Pyrus serotina Rehd.)
Authors: HUDINA Metka , ŠTAMPAR Franci
Published: July 2024

The fruit free sugar content, sorbitol and soluble solids of seventeen European pear cultivars (Pyrus communis L.) and four Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) grown in Slovenia were determined. Pear fruits contain mostly fructose and sorbitol. The smallest contents of glucose and sucrose are in the cvs. 'Williams Bon Chrétien’, ‘Red Williams’ and ‘Rosired’. Asian pear cultivars contain on average more total sugars, especially glucose, in comparison to the European pear cultivars. Considerable differences of individual sugars contents were determined between various cultivars.
Stecklingsvermehrung von Apfelunterlagen unter Einsatz eines Hochdruck-Fog-Systems
Authors: OSTERC Gregor , SPETHMANN Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

Es wurde die Möglichkeit der Stecklingsvermehrung von Apfelunterlagen unter Einsatz eines Hochdruck-Fog-Systems geprüft. Bei allen untersuchten Parametern kam es zu großen Unterschieden zwischen einzelnen Klonen. Klon ‘M27’ und die neuen Pillnitzer-Klone ‘PiS1’, ‘PiS2’ und ‘PiS3’ zeigten gegenüber den ‘M9’-Klonen und ‘Pi80’ gute Ergebnisse. Schlechte Ergebnisse mit den ‘M9’-Klonen und ‘Pi80’ werden mit dem Prozeß der Klonalterung erklärt. Bessere Ergebnisse könnten hier möglicherweise mit dem Einsatz von rejuvenilisiertem Mutterpflanzenmaterial (in-vitro-Material) erreicht werden.