bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Asi (MP-ASI) Berhubungan Dengan Status Gizi Bayi
Authors: Ismi Cut Tasya
Published: November 2023

Balita yang mengalami gizi sangat kurang di Aceh sebanyak 2.8% dan gizi kurang sebanyak 11.2%. Gangguan pertumbuhan bayi dan anak yang berumur 6-24 bulan di Indonesia disebabkan masih rendahnya mutu Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI), yang meliputi terlalu dini umur bayi untuk pertama kali mendapatkan MP-ASI menjadi salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan gizi kurang.  MP-ASI yang diberikan terlalu awal menyebabkan meningkatnya risiko terjadi diare dan infeksi saluran pencernaan sehingga menyebabkan keterlambatan pertumbuhan pada anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan umur pemberian MP-ASI dengan status gizi anak usia 6-12 bulan di wilayah kerja puskesmas Pirak Timu Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Desain yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah crossectional, dengan sampel ibu-ibu yang memiliki bayi umur 6-12 bulan berjumlah 73 orang, dan merupakan total sampling. Pengumpulan data  menggunakan kuesioner dan pemeriksaan fisik berupa penimbangan berat badan. Data dianalisa menggunakan uji chi-square. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa persentase status gizi buruk berjumlah 9,6% dan gizi kurang berjumlah 13,7%. Persentase diberikan MP-ASI yang pertama pada kategori umur kurang 6 bulan adalah 68,5%. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Ada hubungan umur pertama kali diberikan MP-ASI dengan status gizi bayi umur 6-12 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pirak Timu Kabupaten Aceh Utara dengan p-value = 0,011. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa umur pemberian MP-ASI berhubungan dengan status gizi bayi yang berumur 6-12 bulan. Ibu-ibu diharapkan agar memberikan MP-ASI pada bayi sesuai rekomendasi yaitu umur lebih dari 6 bulan, sementara bayi  umur 0-6 bulan yang hanya diberikan ASI saja..
Konseling Gizi Terhadap Asupan Makanan Sumber Indeks Glikemik Dan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II Di RSU Cut Meutia Kabupaten Aceh Utara
Authors: Marlina Marlina , Sri Mulyani Nunung
Published: November 2023

Diabetes Mellitus merupakan hiperglikemia kronis disertai kelainan metabolik akibat gangguan hormon disebabkan asupan makanan sumber indeks glikeik tinggi. Indeks glikemik merupakan konsep penting yang diajukan dalam memilih makanan yang sesuai bagi penderita diabetes mellitus. konseling gizi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mencegah naiknya kadar gula darah. Penelitian quasi eksperimen untuk melihat adanya pengaruh pemberian konseling gizi terhadap asupan makanan sumber indeks glikemik dan kadar gula darah pada penderita diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada juni – juli 2022 di rumah sakit Cut Meutia Lhokseumawe dengan jumlah 31 sampel sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi,Pengolahan data menggunakan uji Paired T Test. Rata rata asupan indeks glikemik sebelum konseling 117,2 kkal setelah konseling rata rata 114,9 kkal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Asupan sumber indeks glikemik Sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan konseling gizi dengan hasil p value =0.006 (P < 0.05). pada kadar gula darah sebelum dan sesudah dilakukannya konseling gizi p value = 0.000 (P < 0.05). Ada hubungan signifikan antara pemberian Konseling gizi terhadap asupan indeks glikemik pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, dan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pemberian Konseling gizi terhadap Kadar Gula Darah pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Disarankan agar penderita diabetes mellitus agar dapat menjaga asupan bahan makanan yang mengandung indeks glikemik yang tinggi untuk menghindari peningkatan kadar glukosa darah
Kualitas Organoleptik Nugget Dengan Penambahan Labu Kuning (Cucurbita maschata)
Authors: Mustaqim Mustaqim , Andriani Andriani
Published: November 2023

Kebanyakan produk daging olahan seperti nugget pada umumnya memiliki kelemahan pada kandungan serat yang rendah sehingga belum mencukupi serat pangan. Adanya penambahan labu kuning pada nugget akan meningkatkan kandungan serat, vitamin, dan karbohidrat yang tinggi. Serat makanan yang ada pada labu kuning banyak manfaatnya bagi kesehatan manusia, yakni untuk mencegah diabetes, obesitas, penyakit jantung koroner, kanker usus besar, divertikular dan konstipasi. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan labu kuning terhadap sifat organoleptik (rasa, aroma, tekstur, dan warna) nugget. Study literatur ini menggunakan metode penggabungan inti sari atau meringkas serta menganalisis fakta dari beberapa sumber ilmiah yang akurat dan valid. Study literatur menyajikan ulang beberapa materi yang pernah diterbitkan sebelumnya. Hasil studi literatur ini, terdapat pengaruh yang nyata penambahan labu kuning terhadap kualitas organoleptik (warna, rasa, aroma dan tekstur) dari beberapa penelitian dalam study litaratur yang sudah dilakukan. Penambahan labu kuning pada rata-rata produk menambah cita rasa serta menghasilkan nugget yang hampir sama dengan yang beredar dipasaran. Oleh kerena itu , dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan labu kuning secara keseluruhan berpengaruh terhadap sifat organoleptik produk diharapkan sebaiknya lebih dipertimbangkan penggunaan labu kuning pada pengolahan nugget dalam bentuk kukus, rebus, tepung atau pasta dikarenakan akan mempengaruhi nilai gizi dan sifat organoleptik nugget yang dihasilkan.
Coconut Plant Disease Identified and Management for Agriculture Crops using Machine Learning
Authors: Wijethunga C.D  , Ishanka K.C  , Parindya S.D.N  , Priyadarshani T.J.N  , Buddika Harshanath  , Samantha Rajapaksha
Published: November 2023

This research paper introduces an innovative approach to improve the quality and sustainability of coconut farming and exports in Sri Lanka. It employs advanced image processing techniques to detect, classify, and grade pests and diseases early in coconut palms. This allows for swift interventions and reduces the need for harsh chemical treatments, promoting eco-friendly farming practices. Furthermore, the study goes beyond pest control to evaluate optimal conditions for coconut growth, considering factors like soil quality, water availability, and climate. It empowers farmers with insights to maximize coconut palm yield. Additionally, the system incorporates a growth prediction component using historical data and machine learning, enabling farmers to plan and allocate resources effectively. By combining early pest detection, pest management, growth classification, and predictive analysis, this research offers a comprehensive strategy to enhance Sri Lanka's coconut quality for export. This approach not only improves product quality but also safeguards the industry's sustainability by reducing economic losses and ecological impact. Leveraging cutting-edge tools like image processing and machine learning, this research aims to boost efficiency, economic viability, and international competitiveness in Sri Lanka's coconut farming sector.
The Secret History of Constitutional Dignity
Authors: Moyn Samuel
Published: November 2023

“Dignity” is suddenly everywhere in law and philosophy, even though it has long been in decline in general usage. In a popular view, this prominence is essentially due to World War II’s aftermath, when in the shadow of genocide the light of human dignity shone forth. More specifically, it is dignitarian constitutionalism that re-founded public law for our time. The concept of dignitarian constitutionalism channeled Immanuel Kant’s pioneering Enlightenment insistence on inherent human worth into the UN Charter (1945), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), and the German Basic Law (1949), all three of which begin with the dignity of the individual as basic principle. In this conventional wisdom, Germans after the Holocaust went furthest to rethink constitutionalism, and their example of how to defend human dignity was later taken up in South Africa and beyond. Though it took some time, dignity has since proceeded in the last few decades, in tandem with the larger fortunes of international human rights law, to become a crucial watchword, going global in various constitutions and international treaties, and offering judicial guidance for the protection of basic values. Certainly it is true that interest in dignity swarms in legal cases and philosophical discussions today in ways that demand explanation, and the current dispute among judges and commentators about how to interpret dignity provisions is not uninteresting. But is the conventional wisdom about where dignity came from correct in the first place? The notion of dignity was not necessary to constitutionalize rights, either in 1776 in Virginia or in 1789 in France—or again in 1946 in France, when the country not only relit its constitutional torch but drew on the flame of constitutional rights guarded by Central and Eastern Europeans in the 1920s. Conversely, West Germans writing the Basic Law weren’t yet concerned by the Jewish tragedy. And while it is certainly true that Kant occasionally referenced dignity, none of his political disciples have made anything of this fact—and his current philosophical disciples have only started highlighting dignity in the last few years. For that matter, there were no Kantians in Germany of note after World War II (including in the rooms where the Basic Law was prepared and debated), nor really any-where else. And actually, contrary to familiar beliefs, it was not West Ger-many that first constitutionalized dignity as a leading principle anyway.
Motor Imagery Ability is Associated with Action Prediction in a Volleyball-Based Task
Authors: Holliday Parres , yousef tareq , Karlinsky April , Kraeutner Sarah N
Published: November 2023

Despite evidence that motor imagery (MI) facilitates motor experience and refinement of a motor representation, the association between MI and creating anticipatory representations of a motor skill is unknown. Here, our aims were two-fold: 1) we sought to examine the effect of both kinesthetic and visual MI on action prediction (AP) in a sports context, when motor skills are observed from both the 1st- and 3rd-person perspective, and 2) we sought to explore whether individual differences in volleyball experience and MI ability are associated with action prediction. Participants (N = 116, 83 female, M = 2.60±3.70 years volleyball experience) were randomized into two groups (Control, MI). Both groups engaged in an online AP task which involved watching temporally occluded videos of volleyball serves (two Video Conditions: 1st- and 3rd-person perspective) and predicting where the ball would land. The MI Group additionally performed MI of the serve before making their prediction. Accuracy (proportion of correct responses) on the AP task was calculated across participants and Video Condition. Linear mixed effects modelling and associated effect sizes revealed that AP performance was greater when videos were viewed from the 3rd person perspective overall, and further enhanced for longer Occlusion Time Points. A PCA revealed three components (“Imagery Ability”, “Volleyball Specific Experience”, and “Non-sport Specific Experience”) explaining 61.6% of the variance. AP performance at longer Occlusion Time Points was found to be associated with the Imagery Ability component. Overall, MI ability was associated with greater AP performance in a sport-specific context when performed during the task. Further work is required to understand how expertise may modulate the association between MI and action prediction.
Manejo de alopecia secundaria a hipotiroidismo desde la medicina biorreguladora de sistemas reporte de caso clínico
Authors: Jiménez-Valencia Yelizath
Published: November 2023

Paciente femenina con cuadro clínico de 4 meses de evolución, caracterizado por alopecia , cansancio y dolores musculares, se haya cuero cabelludo con signos de infección micotica , por lo que se realiza toma de koh con resultado positivo, con presencia de hifas, la paciente refiere tener antecedentes de hipotiroidismo y venia siendo manejada con medicina alopatica, ante la alta sospecha de cuadro disfuncional tiroideo no controlado, se toman exámenes de laboratorio que muestran niveles elevados de TSH: 20.1 uU/ml T3 libre 0.88 ng /ml T4 libre : 0.84 ng /dl Vitamina B12 : 290 pg /ml acido folico : 7.9 ng /ml vitamina D 25 OH total : 39. 8 hemograma con hb 13. 8 hto 41. 6 plaquetas : 237.000 VSG: 23 , adicionalmente se hayan niveles bajos de vitamina D y una tendencia a la alta de vsg. Se hace diagnostico de hipotiroidismo no controlado cuya prevalencia ,en nuestro país no ha sido estudiada. El HipoSC tiene mayor prevalencia en países con ingesta elevada de yodo alcanzando a afectar al 4-9.5% de la población adulta. Esta cifra aumenta en la población de adultos mayores (>65 años) reportándose cifras de 8.2% en hombres y 16.9% en mujeres. Se decide iniciar el manejo con graphites homaccord, galium, glandula thyroidea suis injeel, thyroidea compositum, coenzyme compositum , ubichinon compositum, no solo en por via endovenosa sino también por homeosineatria en puntos de acupuntura como H3, Du17, R5, E9 , asociado a esto se realizo remosion intestinal de microorganismos patogenos, con reparacion de la pared intestinal y repoplacion de microbiota, la respuesta terapeutica fue muy rapida, a la semana la paciente ya mostro salida del cabello y al mes ya estaba totalmente poblada el area de alopecia, adicionalmente tuvo resultados en mejoria del cansancio fisico y dolores musculares, se solicitan nuevamente resultados del eje tiroideo encontrando total mejoria del cuadro metabolico con resultados normales de TSH 2,87 µU/mL y se concluye que en el manejo de la alopecia secundaria a hipotiroidismo, la medicina biorreguladora de sistemas cumple un papel fundamental para no solo la mejoria del sintoma sino la recuperacion de la funcion metabolica integral de la tiroides.
ANALISIS KONFLIK HUKUM DALAM KONTEKS PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI
Authors: EFENDI RIFQI MUNADI
Published: November 2023

Negara Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang merupakan salah satu negara yang tergabung dalam kelompok Negara-negara Asia Tenggara (Association South East of Asian Nation) merupakan negara yang dalam tingkat perkembangan ekonominya belum begitu mapan. Bahkan ada para ahli ekonomi mengatakan, negara Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara anggota ASEAN dalam tingkat persaingan ekonomi masih ketinggalan banyak jika dibandingkan dengan negara anggota ASEAN yang lain. Se
A LIGHTWEIGHT AUTHENTICATION FRAMEWORK FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Authors: MhaibeS Hakeem Imad
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes a new lightweight security framework for WSNs and covers different lightweight cryptographic schemes for WSN applications. The aim is to provide cryptographic primitives for integrity, confidentiality, and protection from the man-in-the-middle and reply attacks. The work is based solely on symmetric cryptography and it has four phases; Network Initialization, Node Initialization, Nodes Communication, and Node Authentication. This work adopts the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) framework, which deploys random rotation to distribute the energy among a group of nodes. The probability of attacking in LEACH is higher at cluster head and member nodes. Therefore, data transmission among communicated nodes is encrypted over multiple levels of protection by dynamic session keys to provide a high level of security. In addition, an authentication ticket is provided by a cluster head for each authenticated node to identify another node. The session keys are dynamically generated and updated during the communication to prevent compromising or capturing the keys. Through simulation and evaluation of the system, the results showed less energy consumption and efficient cryptographic primitive were compared with existing schemes.
Implausible paraneuroscience - A commentary on Freedman et al. (2023)
Authors: Schwarzkopf D. Samuel
Published: November 2023

A recent study (Freedman et al., 2023) claims that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the frontal cortex enables paranormal “Psi” abilities in human participants. They could apparently influence the output of an external random number generator by focusing their mind, effectively willing an arrow shown on a screen to move. I was initially surprised to see this study published in Cortex, the very journal that first brought the world the Registered Reports format (Chambers, 2013) and which is widely regarded as a pioneer of rigorous open science practices1. But in the interest of academic freedom, researchers should have space to pursue seemingly crazy hypotheses, provided the research is ethical. Blocking research simply because it doesn’t conform to our current understanding would be committing the same hubris that led past scholars to reject tectonic plates or germ theory. That said, irrespective of its parapsychological nature, there are considerable problems with the scientific validity of this study.
Decoding load or selection?
Authors: Tortajada Miriam , Fahrenfort Johannes Jacobus , Sandoval-Lentisco Alejandro , Martínez-Pérez Víctor , Palmero Lucia Beatriz , Melero Luis Fuentes , Campoy Guillermo , Olivers Christian Nicolas Leon
Published: November 2023

Flexible updating of information in Visual Working Memory (VWM) is crucial to deal with its limited capacity. Previous research has shown that the removal of no longer relevant information takes some time to complete. Here, we sought to study the time course of such removal by tracking the accompanying drop in load through behavioral and neurophysiological measures. In a first experimental session, participants completed a visuospatial retro-cue task in which the Cue-Target Interval (CTI) was manipulated. Performance revealed that it takes about half a second to make full use of the retro-cue. In a second session, we sought to study the dynamics of load-related electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to track the removal of information. We applied Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) to EEG data from the same task. However, contrary to previous research indicating that MVPA can be used to uniquely decode VWM load, the results suggested that the classifiers were mainly sensitive to selection, visual cue variations, or eye movements that accompany load manipulations, and not so much to load per se. These findings advise caution when using MVPA to decode VWM load, as classifiers may be sensitive to confounding operations.
Thinking Clearly About Misinformation
Authors: Tay Li Qian , Lewandowsky Stephan , Hurlstone Mark J. , Kurz Tim , Ecker Ullrich K. H.
Published: November 2023

There is concern that many social problems in Western societies have been caused by misinformation. However, some researchers argue that misinformation is merely a symptom of such problems. We argue that (1) this is a false dichotomy, (2) misinformation has had clear impacts, and (3) researchers should consider the different dimensions of misinformation when making such evaluations.
The effect of cognitive reappraisal and early-life maternal care on neuroendocrine stress responses
Authors: Bentele Ulrike U. , Klink Elea S. C. , Benz Annika , Meier Maria , Gaertner Raphaela , Denk Bernadette , Dimitroff Stephanie , Unternaehrer Eva , Pruessner Jens C
Published: November 2023

Early-life adversity (ELA) is related to profound dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis, reflected in both, blunted or exaggerated cortisol stress responses in adulthood. Emotion regulation strategies such as cognitive reappraisal might contribute to this inconsistent finding. Here, we investigate an interaction of early-life maternal care (MC), one form of ELA, and instructed emotion regulation on cortisol responses to acute stress. Ninety-three healthy young women were assigned to a low (n=33) or high (n=60) MC group, based on self-reported early-life MC. In the laboratory, participants received regulation instructions, asking to cognitively reappraise (reappraisal group, n=45) or to focus on senses (control group, n=48) during subsequent stress exposure, induced by the Trier Social Stress Test. Salivary cortisol and subjective stress levels were measured repeatedly throughout the experiment. Multilevel model analyses confirmed a MC by emotion regulation interaction effect on cortisol trajectories, while controlling for hormonal status. Low MC individuals in the control compared with the reappraisal group showed increased cortisol responses; high MC groups did not differ. These results highlight the significance of emotion regulation for HPA axis stress regulation following ELA exposure. They provide methodological and health implications, indicating emotion regulation as a promising target of treatment interventions for high ELA individuals.
Changes in Wealth over the Process of Widowhood across European Countries
Authors: Kapelle Nicole , Van Winkle Zachary
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Widowhood has been shown to decrease surviving spouses’ economic wellbeing. However, previous research has focused mostly on income-related outcomes, and has been less attentive to the importance of wealth, the processual nature of spousal death, and cross-national variation. In this study, we assessed how total, housing, and non-housing wealth changes over the process of widowhood across eleven European countries. Methods: Individual fixed-effects regressions and longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used to estimate how household net total wealth, housing wealth, and non-housing wealth changed three years prior and six or more years after spousal death relative to four or more years prior to widowhood in eleven European countries.Results: In all countries, household net wealth stayed relatively constant across the widowhood process, except for in Austria, the Czech Republic and Poland where wealth declines were observed especially in the years following death. However, we found declines in housing wealth over the widowhood process, including prior to spousal death, across most countries in our sample, particularly in Austria, France, Denmark, the Czech Republic, and Poland. Declines in housing wealth were generally not reflected by changes in non-housing wealth but coincided with leaving homeownership and downsizing. Discussion: Widowhood is associated with lower wealth, especially housing wealth, even in the years before spousal loss. Future research should focus on adjudicating the mechanisms behind country differences and exploring the implications of lost wealth following widowhood for surviving spouses’ wellbeing and intergenerational transfers.
Conservative and Far-Right Thought: Toward an Endangered State
Authors: Bryant Jesse Callahan
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the diverse spectrum of conservative and far-right thought in contemporary politics. It examines conservatism as a multifaceted phenomenon, presenting historical, idealistic, and formal definitions, and addresses the "conservative dilemma" in modern democracies – the challenge of garnering broad support while representing elite interests. The analysis delves into various themes central to conservative and far-right ideologies, including the interplay of realism and idealism, the tension between stability and change, and attitudes towards inequality and hierarchy. It also explores the integration of religious beliefs, particularly paganism, and the rejection of scientific authority within these ideologies. The paper highlights the altright movement's explicit rejection of political equality and its implications for racial and gender dynamics. It further discusses the concept of freedom and sovereignty, the role of violence and fear in far-right politics, and the challenges these ideologies pose to the established norms and realities of modern states. The paper aims to provide a framework for understanding the complex and evolving landscape of conservative and far-right ideologies and how those politics put the modern nation state at risk.
Consumer resistance diminishes environmental gains of dietary change
Authors: Payró Clara , Taherzadeh Oliver , van Oorschot Mark , Marselis Suzanne , Koch Julia
Published: November 2023

The environmental gains of dietary change are often assessed in relation to average national diets, overlooking differences in individual consumption habits and preferences. As a result, we ignore the roles and impacts of different consumer groups in a sustainable dietary transition. This study combines micro data on food intake and consumer behaviour to elicit the likely environmental gains of dietary shifts. We focus on the Netherlands owing to the county’s ambition to halve its dietary footprint by 2050. Linking food recall survey data from a cross-section of the population (n=4,313), life cycle inventory analysis for 220 food products, and behavioural survey data (n=1,233), we estimate the dietary footprints of consumer groups across water, land, biodiversity and greenhouse gas footprints. We find that meat and dairy significantly contribute to the dietary greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint (59%), land footprint (55%), and biodiversity footprint (57%) of all consumer groups, and that male consumers impose a 30-32% greater burden than women across these impact areas. Our scenario analysis reveals that simply replacing cow milk with soy milk could reduce the GHG, land and biodiversity footprints of food consumption by ±8% if widely adopted by the Dutch adult population. These impacts could be further reduced by ±20% from a full adoption of a sustainable diet, as recommended by the EAT-Lancet Commission, but would significantly increase the blue water footprint of Dutch food consumption. While the EAT-Lancet recommended diet is preferred in terms of impacts and nutrition, it would necessitate a complete overhaul of individual dietary habits, whereas shifting to soy milk is a simple single product substitution and a more accessible choice for consumers. However, when incorporating gender- and age-specific willingness for meat and dairy consumption reduction, the environmental gains resulting from partial adoption of the EAT diet and No-Milk diet diminish to a mere ±4.5% and ±0.8%, respectively. Consequently, consumer motivation alone is insufficient to realise the significant environmental gains often promised by dietary change. Our findings highlight that specific and targeted policies are needed to overcome the barriers that consumers face to adopting a more sustainable diet.
Exploring the Stylistic Uniqueness of the Priestly Source in Genesis and Exodus Through a Statistical/Computational Lens
Authors: Buhler Axel , Yoffe Gideon , Romer Thomas , Sober Barak , Finkelstein Israel , Piasetzky Eli , Dershowitz Nachum
Published: November 2023

Recently, we introduced a computational framework that, given a partition of a text into two literary constituents, finds the best parameter settings for successfully distinguishing linguistic features to support that partition and evaluates the statistical significance thereof. We applied our algorithm to assess the literary uniqueness of the Priestly source in the books of Genesis and Exodus, focusing on the mathematical and statistical underpinning of our approach. Here we take a close philological look at the linguistic features found to characterize the two distinct categories.
Strategic Airforce through Time: Tasks, Dangers, and Solutions
Authors:   Research Fellow, Center for International Security, Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAN), Stefanovich Dmitry Yu. , Yermakov Alexander S. ,   Junior Research Fellow, Center for International Security, Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAN)
Published: November 2023

Many countries would like to have their own fleet of heavy bombers, although only the U.S., Russia and China are currently implementing programs of building aircraft systems of this class. This factor will create new challenges to security across the world.
The 1973 October War and Syria
Authors:   Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Naumkin Vitaly V. ,   Scientific Advisor, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuznetsov Vasily A. ,   Head of the Center for Arab and Islamic Studies, Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2023

“Hafez Assad chuckled and said: “You, Americans sold Vietnam, you will sell Taiwan. And we’ll wait for the time when you will no longer need Israel and you will sell it, too.”
Monroe Doctrine, or the Power of the Word
Authors:   Deputy Dean, Humanities Faculty, National Research University–Higher School of Economics, Iserov Andrei A. ,   Senior Research Fellow, Institute of World History, Russia Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2023

The era of hegemonic power is receding. We may be moving towards a world where several blocs with yet vague but tangible spheres of influence will emerge amid continued globalization. This reminds us of the era of the classical Monroe doctrine.
Russian Strategic Culture: An Attempt at Historical Retrospective Survey
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of the History of Russia of the 20th-21st centuries, Faculty of History, Moscow State University, Vershinin Alexander A. ,   Senior Research Fellow, Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences (INION RAN), Krivopalov Alexei A. ,   Senior Research Fellow, Center for Post-Soviet Studies, National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (INION RAN)
Published: November 2023

The history of the 20th century shows that the vulnerable spot of the strategy – as implemented by the Russian elites – is its simplification, making strategic goal-setting dependent on political considerations. Politics is closely linked with strategy, but they speak different languages.
Formulation and Evaluation of Cetrimide Based In situ Gelling System for Ocular Drug Delivery
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Nibha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajgir, India, Kumar Abhishek
Published: November 2023

Conventional drug delivery system is a traditional type of drug delivery system which manifests poor bioavailability of drug due to tear turn over, tear flow and blinking of eye which causes removal of drug at the ocular surfaces. To overcome from the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery system In- situ gels come into the fashion of ocular drug delivery system for the treatment of ocular diseases which have enhanced bioavailability and better for patient’s compliance. The goal of the present work to express formulation and evaluation of cetrimide in situ gels which have anti-fungal activity used in the treatment of fungal keratitis caused by Fusarium solani. Carbopol 934 is used as viscosity enhancing property. Xanthan gum was used as thickening and stabilizing agent. Sodium alginate was used for gelation ability. The combination of carbopol and xanthan gum showed good gelling capacity and gelation time up to 6hrs period. The developed formulation of cetrimide in situ gels was stable non -irritant which are feasible substitute for conventional drug delivery system such as eye drops by virtue of its stability to increase residence time of drug at the ocular surfaces and provide sustained release of drug with increase bioavailability and better for patient’s compliance.
Formulation and Evaluation of Azithromycin Dihydrate Based In situ Gel as Floating Drug Delivery System
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Nibha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajgir, Nalanda, India, Kumar Vikash
Published: November 2023

Floating Drug Delivery Systems have been used to overcome some of the problems like low oral absorption of drugs with narrow absorption window as it has an advantage of sustained release of drugs over a prolonged period of time. In-situ gels are the novel approach in the context of floating drug delivery systems. The aim of this present study was to develop an oral stomach specific floating in-situ gel of Azithromycin dihydrate. In-situ gelling system was prepared by dissolving different concentrations of polymers like sodium alginate, xanthan gum in the de-ionized water already prepared with sodium citrate at 60°C to 90°C. After the heating with continuous stirring the formulation was cooled below the temperature of 40°C with the addition of certain amount of drug and calcium carbonate which acts as gas generating agent. All the formulations showed pH in the range of 6.1 to 6.7, drug content was found to be in the range of 97.29% to 99.27%. Floating lag time was less than 1 minute for all the formulations and the duration of floatation was more than 24 hours for the combination of polymers. Appearance and measurement of water uptake by the gel was also good. Stability studies were also done and was found to be at normal phase at different temperatures and at interval of times. Although, F9 showed the maximum properties of an in-situ gel with increased gastric retention time with low slowly release of the drug. Drug release was found to be decreasing as the concentration of polymer increases. However, it was concluded that the in-situ gelling system of Azithromycin dihydrate could be prepared in various concentrations of different polymers and the combination of polymers to increase the patient compliance and reduction in the frequency of dosing of the drug with the increased gastric residence time for the drug in the stomach.
Development and Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulation with Carminative Effect
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Nibha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajgir, Nalanda, India, Verma Ritika
Published: November 2023

Carminative drugs, which reduce or prevent gastrointestinal flatulence and colic and have historically been used to enhance human health, is examined in this study. The carminative qualities of spices like clove, coriander, cardamom, fennel, nutmeg, black pepper, and ajowan are highlighted in particular. Numerous health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, anti-hypertensive, and myorelaxant qualities, are demonstrated by these spices. To enhance their effects, formulations were made utilizing a geometrical approach and different weights of these powders were combined and evaluated. To confirm the quality and safety of the carminative powder, organoleptic evaluation, physicochemical characteristics, rheological evaluation, and carminative potential were evaluated. The carminative powder, had a pH of 6.5, is free-flowing, non-sticky, and aesthetically pleasing, according to the results. Given the rising popularity of natural treatments and holistic healthcare, the future of carminative herbal medications is bright. Due to their digestive advantages, many herbs and mixtures have grown in popularity, and this pattern is predicted to continue. New carminative herbs and novel formulations may be found as a result of research and development in herbal medicine in the upcoming years. The market for carminative herbal medicines is projected to grow as consumer interest in plant-based treatments for digestive problems rises.
Prerequisites for Learning Cued Speech in Tamil Language among Individuals with Hearing Impairment
Authors:   Department of Special Education Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore – 641043, Tamil Nadu, India, Kalaivani K.
Published: November 2023

A study was conducted to assess the prerequisite skills for learning Cued Speech in Tamil language among 45 individuals with hearing impairment in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Purposive sampling method was followed to select the participants. A questionnaire was developed by the authors which included three domains: a) Awareness on Tamil speech sounds, b) Skill to identify the mouth shape for Tamil speech sounds, and c) Skill to form compound letters. Data was gathered and collected through administering the questionnaire and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings of the study suggested that the individuals were poor achievers in identifying the speech sounds vital for linguistic performance and effective communication. The study recommends exposure to Tamil speech sounds, their formations, and following Mouth shape, which will help to learn the cued speech effectively to enhance the verbal communication skills of individuals with hearing impairment.
A Life Threatening Bleeding Arteriovenous Malformation of the Maxilla Complicated with an Acute Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Recovered: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors:   Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Medical School, Mohammed the First University, Oujda, Morocco, Mezdid Chaymae
Published: November 2023

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the head and neck is a rare and potentially life-threatening entity due to massive hemorrhage, which poses a challenge to surgeons treating patients with these lesions. The head and neck region accounts for approximately 50% of all arteriovenous malformations (AVM), and the same region also accounts for about approximately 50% of intraosseous AVM in the maxillary facial region, which can be very dangerous, as a simple tooth extraction or a biopsy can lead to a major hemorrhage that may eventually cause death. The Treatment may be surgical or non-surgical. We present the case of a 27-year-old patient with an AVM of the maxilla complicated during his hospitalization for an acute cerebral ischemic stroke, from which he recovered.
A Rare and Unusual Case of Ataxia Telangiectasia with Cervical Dystonia from India
Authors:   Senior Neurologist and Movement Disorder Specialist, Jain Institute of Movement Disorder, Bhagvan Mahavir Jain Hospital, Bengaluru 560 004, Karnataka, India, Chamraj Sanjiv
Published: November 2023

We reported a rare and unusual case ATM gene variant responsible of familial Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) with cervical dystonia rather than ataxia as hall mark clinical manifestations in 18-year-old male patient from India. Patient was presented with clinical indications of neck rotatory movements in the last 2 years. Initially intermittent, slowly become constant with more backwards turning and painful movements with severe disability. Examination findings revealed no conjunctival telangiectasia and neurological examination findings suggestive of cervical dystonia with severe retro collis. The patient has a family history of dystonia, his sister started noticing involuntary neck movement in the last 1.5 years with gradual progression. Her physical examination revealed no evidence of conjunctival lesions and neurological examination suggestive of cervical dystonia with lateral collis. MRI findings of patient were normal. Both the patient and her sister are siblings of a consanguineous product. Patient has been referred for whole exome sequencing. The exome data analysis identified a novel homozygous missense variant c.5751A>T, p.Arg1917Ser (chr11:108307973A>T) in ATM gene responsible for familial A-T with cervical dystonia without chorea as hall mark clinical manifestations. In conclusion, to the best of our literature knowledge this is the rare and unusual case from India wherein we are reporting a novel homozygous missense variant c.5751A>T, p.Arg1917Ser (chr11:108307973A>T) in ATM gene responsible for familial A-T with cervical dystonia rather than ataxia as hall mark clinical manifestations affecting both brother and sister in the same family. Thus, early onset of cervical dystonia should be taken into account as a key characteristic of variant A-T, which can manifest without general ataxia and may cause adults with primary dystonia to receive an incorrect diagnosis.
Cultural Journalism in Pakistan: Decline of Literary Content in National Urdu Newspapers
Authors: Jan Ghulam Maaz , Hameed Zeeshan , Sadiq Tabinda
Published: November 2023

The crisis of cultural journalism is a contemporary debate in many countries. Various research explores that the media’s focus of cultural journalism is increased on the coverage of pop cultural content (service and entertainment) instead of serious traditional high art forms like theatre and literature. The present study examines the space and coverage of literary content in national Urdu newspapers of Pakistan in the last 6 years (2013 – 2018) through quantitative content analysis. Moreover, findings show a huge decline in the daily national Urdu newspaper’s attention to literature as the size of literary content decreased by 37% from 13824 cm in 2013 to 8848 cm in 2018. The study also gives insights to understand the approaches of newspapers towards the coverage of literary content which are based on their ideological & political alliances and set agendas that as a result used intermittently to shift cultural trends and decline of literary coverage.
Thirty-day surgical morbidity and risk factors in pediatric brain tumor surgery: a 10-year nationwide retrospective study
Authors: Henriksen Kasper Amund , Brix Ninna , Jakubauskaite Ruta , Von Oettingen Gorm , Rathe Mathias , Skjøth-Rasmussen Jane , Foss-Skiftesvik Jon , Mathiasen René
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE

Pediatric neuro-oncological surgery is often associated with significant risk; however, comprehensive data on surgical morbidity remain limited. The purpose of this study was therefore to provide national population-based data on both the incidence and characteristics of poor postoperative outcomes following pediatric intracranial neuro-oncological surgery. Additionally, the authors aimed to evaluate key risk factors for poor postoperative outcomes including overall morbidity, significant morbidity, and the most frequent types of morbidity.

METHODS

The authors conducted a registry-based, nationwide, retrospective study including all children receiving surgical treatment for a CNS tumor over a 10-year period. Patients were identified using the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry, and 30-day morbidity was assessed through manual review of electronic health records. Significant morbidity was defined as complications in need of treatment under general anesthesia, ICU admission, or persistent neurological deficits at 30 days following surgery or death. Risk factors including sex, age, tumor location, tumor malignancy grade, and preoperative hydrocephalus were investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 349 children undergoing 473 tumor procedures were included, with an overall morbidity rate of 66.0% and a significant morbidity rate of 34.2%. The most frequent complications included neurological deficits (41.4%) and CSF-related morbidity consisting of CSF leaks, pseudomeningoceles, and postoperative hydrocephalus. Highly significant associations between infratentorial tumor location and both significant morbidity (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11–1.43; p < 0.001) and neurological deficits (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.21–1.57; p < 0.001) were identified. In addition, younger age was revealed as a major risk factor of both postoperative CSF leakage and CSF-related morbidity in general.

CONCLUSIONS

In this large, population-based cohort, the authors show that postoperative morbidity is frequent, occurring in about two-thirds of all patients, largely driven by neurological deficits and CSF-related complications. In addition, infratentorial tumor location and younger age emerged as key risk factors for poor postoperative outcomes.
PENDAMPINGAN IBU BALITA TENTANG PENTINGNYA GIZI SEIMBANG UNTUK PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI WILAYAH KELURAHAN MEDOKAN AYU KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Nugroho Riezky Faisal , Wardani Erika Martining , Wijayanti Erlyna Jayeng , Pengge Nuning Marina
Published: November 2023

ABSTRAKStunting merupakan masalah pada gagal tumbuh anak balita yang diakibatkan kekurangan gizi, sehingga tidak tumbuh seperti pada usianya, seperti tinggi badan yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan anak pada usia sebayanya. Stunting pada balita disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang makanan dan gizinya yang tercermin dalam pemilihan makanan yang tidak benar. Pengetahuan yang baik menciptakan sikap yang baik, sehingga mempengaruhi kebiasaan yang dilakukan dalam melaksanakan pola asuh terhadap anak. Ibu yang mempunyai tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi lebih mengetahui pola hidup sehat, seperti penerapan serta pemenuhan gizi   yang   cukup, sedangkan   pada   ibu   yang   mempunyai   tingkat pengetahuan rendah kurang mengetahui pentingnya penerapan pola hidup sehat dan pemenuhan gizi yang cukup dalam merawat anak. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap Ibu Balita tentang Pemenuhan Gizi Balita. Metode dengan pengukuran status gizi balita, penyuluhan, konseling pada Ibu Balita, demo memasak kudapan dan Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) pada Balita. Lokasi kegiatan adalah wilayah kerja Kelurahan Medokan Ayu Kota Surabaya. Hasil dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat, yaitu: menambah pengetahuan dan sikap Ibu Balita sebesar 90 % tentang pemenuhan gizi balita. Kata kunci: pendampingan;ibu balita; gizi seimbang; stunting. ABSTRACTStunting is a problem of failure to thrive in toddlers which is caused by malnutrition, so they don't grow like their age, such as lower height when compared to children of their age. Stunting in toddlers is caused by the mother's lack of knowledge about food and nutrition which is reflected in improper food choices. Good knowledge creates a good attitude, thus influencing the habits that are carried out in carrying out parenting patterns for children. Mothers who have a high level of knowledge know more about healthy lifestyles, such as implementing and fulfilling adequate nutrition, whereas mothers who have a low level of knowledge do not know the importance of implementing a healthy lifestyle and fulfilling adequate nutrition in caring for children. This activity aims to increase the knowledge and attitude of Mothers Toddlers about Nutrition Fulfillment Toddlers. Methods by measuring the nutritional status of toddlers, counseling, counseling for mothers of toddlers, demonstrations on cooking snacks and providing supplementary food (PMT) for toddlers. The location of the activity is the working area of Medokan Ayu Village, Surabaya City. The results of community service, namely: increase the knowledge and attitude of Mothers Toddlers by 90% about fulfilling toddler nutrition. Keywords: assistance; toddler mothers; balanced nutrition; stunting.
PENGGUNAAN OVEN PENGERING BUAH SALAK UNTUK PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI PRODUKSI KURMA SALAK DI UMKM MUBAROK DESA WEDI KECAMATAN KAPAS KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO
Authors: Farahdiansari Ardana Putri , Ashari Faisal
Published: November 2023

ABSTRAKDesa Wedi merupakan salah satu desa di Bojonegoro yang menjadi sentra produksi salak wedi. UMKM Mubarok milik Chafidzotul Ahkam mencoba melakukan diversifikasi produk olahan Salak Wedi yaitu berupa kurma salak, salak kismis, dan sirup salak. Dari pengamatan diperoleh waktu produksi yang paling lama adalah penjemuran kurma salak setengah jadi yang membutuhkan waktu hingga 3 (tiga) hari. Maka dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini, kami memiliki pandangan akan perlunya alat teknologi sederhana yang mampu mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu oven pengering kurma salak. Rangkaian kegiatan dimulai dari uji coba menggunakan oven pengeringan buah salak yang telah didapatkan dari penelitian sebelumnya, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menghitung efisiensi produk kurma kurma salak, dan membandingkan biaya produksi kurma salak. Diharapkan dapat diketahui perbedaan pada penerapan dengan menggunakan oven pengering, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi produksi UMKM Mubarok. Kata kunci: salak Wedi; kurma salak; efisiensi; oven pengering. ABSTRACTWedi Village is one of the villages in Bojonegoro which is the center for the production of Salak Wedi. UMKM Mubarok owned by Chafidzotul Ahkam is trying to diversify products from processed Salak Wedi, namely in the form of salak dates, salak raisin, and salak syrup. From observations, was obtained that the longest time in production was drying semi-finished salak dates, which took up to 3 (three) days. In this community service, we have a view for the need for a simple technological tool that is able to solve this problem, namely the salak dates drying oven. This activities starting from trials using the salak fruit drying oven that has been obtained from previous research, then proceed with calculating the product efficiency’s of salak dates, and comparisons salak dates cost production . It is hoped that it will be known what the difference is from the implementation of using drying oven, that will increasing production efficiency of the UMKM Mubarok Keywords: salak wedi; salak dates; efficiency; drying oven.