bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic analysis of fish processing and marketing in Ogun Waterside Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Olaoye O. J. , Adegbite D. A. , Oluwalana E. O. , Ashley- Dejo S. S. , Adelaja O. A. , Fagbohun A. E.
Published: February 2021

This study examined the economic analysis of fish processing and marketing in Ogun Waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria using structured, validated and pre-tested interview schedules to collect primary data from one hundred and thirteen respondents. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the socio-economic characteristics, access to productive resources and constraints faced by fish processors while budgetary analysis was used to determine profitability. The result reveals that 99.0% of the respondents were females, 57.4% were within their active economic age group (41 - 50 years), about 50.0% were educated and 82.3% were married. The scale of operation was on small scale level. The result of the budgetary analysis show that average total cost of N53,530.08 was incurred, average total revenue of N58,340.71 was realized and a returning gross margin of N37,088.44. The profitability ratio gave a benefit-cost ratio of 1.089 and expense structure ratio of 0.0603. This is an indication that fish processing business is profitable and viable in the study area. Despite the high profitability of the business, fish processors identified lack of collateral security for bank loan (96.5%), erratic power supply (92.0%) and lack of modern fish processing facilities (43.4%) as their most prevailing problems. With this high level of profitability and viability in fish processing and marketing, it is recommended that Government, cooperative societies, private bodies and non-governmental organizations should provide basic amenities such as storage facilities, electricity, transportation facilities and modern fish processing facilities in other to boost fish production in Nigeria as well as single digit Bank loan with civil servants as guarantors as means of collateral security.
Body weight changes, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed Aloe barbadensis leaves
Authors: Ajibola S. I , Obasa S. O , Akintokun A. K , Abdulraheem I
Published: February 2021

Immuno-nutrition studies have shown that some nutrients are linked to the immunological status of fish. Growth performance, nutrient utilization and intestinal microflora were examined in Clarias gariepinus. The 120 C. gariepinus fingerlings (weight, 2.33±0.07g) were fed with Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets in 40L freshwater-filled plastic tanks ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. The experimental diets containing 40% crude protein were supplemented with three concentration of A. barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1–1%; ABL2–2%; ABL3–3% and control–0%. Mean weight gain (MWG) and percentage weight gain (PWG) increased (p<0.05) as the concentration of A. barbadensis increased. MWG (17.95±0.78) and PWG (772.2±54.94) were highest in fish fed ABL3 and lowest MWG (11.92±1.16) and PWG (17.95±0.78) in fish fed control diet. Nutrients were better utilized among the diets supplemented group at different significant levels (p < 0.05). The highest value of ANPU was observed in ABL1 when compared to all other treatments including the control. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the total bacterial counts (TBC) in A. barbadensis leaves-paste supplemented diets and the control having the highest TBC (23.67 ± 0.88 x 105CFU/ml). Growth of total fungal counts (TFC) was not observed in ABL1. There was a reduction in TFC as the concentration increased in the other supplemented diets, and the control having the highest TFC (7.67 ± 0.44 x 105 CFU/ml). The study concluded that inclusion of 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste as supplement in the diet could effectively improve the growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus. A. barbadensis leaves-paste could also reduce the microbial load of the fish.
Reproductive performance of four exotic breeds of rabbit under different mating systems
Authors: Jimoh O.A , Ewuola E.O.
Published: February 2021

Four exotic breeds of rabbit were subjected to two mating systems to assess their productivity. A preliminary investigation to assess suitability of oestrus synchronisation in rabbits does, using twelve does each of Fauve de Bourgogne, Chinchilla, British Spot and New Zealand White. Thereafter, 60 and 90 does each of Fauve de Bourgogne, Chinchilla, British Spot and New Zealand White were copulated within breed using natural mating and artificial insemination (AI), respectively following oestrus synchronisation in 3 mating cycles each. The does were randomly allotted to experimental units in a completely randomised design. Parameters assessed include fertility rate, litter size and productivity index at birth. The litter size of does subjected to oestrus synchronization were significantly (p<0.05) higher than non-synchronised does. For natural mating, fertility rate obtained across the breeds showed that Chinchilla had the significantly (p<0.05) highest value. Productivity index at birth of New Zealand White does was significantly (p<0.05) highest, while all other three breeds were similar. For AI, fertility rate of Chinchilla was significantly (p<0.05) highest across the breeds. Productivity index at birth of Fauve de Bourgogne and Chinchilla were significantly (p<0.05) higher than other breeds. Oestrus synchronization improved conception and kindling rates of does and Chinchilla had the highest fertility rate at both mating system.
Gut morphology, meat yield and sensory properties of laying hens fed water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach] meal diets supplemented with Maxigrain enzyme
Authors: Malik A. A , Aremu A. , Ayanwale B. A , Ijaiya A. T , Ibrahim B. A.
Published: February 2021

In an experiment to determine the effect of feeding varying levels of Water Hyacinth Meal (WHM) supplemented with and without exogenous enzymes (Maxigrain ) on the gut morphology, meat yield and sensory properties of laying hens, a total of 216 laying hens aged 24 weeks and 4 weeks in lay were used. Six experimental diets were formulated based on the Completely Randomized Design model using a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement made up of two levels of enzyme (No enzyme, With enzyme) and three dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0, 10 and 20 %). At the end of the feeding trial, two birds per replicate were randomly selected, kept off feed for 12 hours, slaughtered, defeathered, eviscerated and dressed. The meat of the breast and thigh of each replicate sample were then selected for sensory evaluation. All parameters were expressed as percentage of live weight. Results showed that there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in live weight (LW), slaughter weight (SW), defeathered weight (DW), eviscerated weight (EWT) and dressed weight (DW) between birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation; and between birds fed the varying dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0, 10 and 20 %). Also, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the weight of the head, neck, breast, back, thigh, drumsticks, wings and shanks between the birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation; and between the birds fed the varying dietary inclusion levels of WHM (0, 10 and 20 %). Of all the internal organs assessed, only the gizzard weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher for the non-enzyme-supplemented diets than for the enzyme-supplemented diets. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in appearance, flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability between the meat of birds fed diets supplemented with exogenous enzymes and those without exogenous enzyme supplementation; but the meat of birds fed 10 and 20 % dietary inclusion levels of WHM had significantly (p<0.05) higher scores for tenderness and general acceptability than the meat of birds fed the 0 % dietary inclusion level of WHM. Hence, WHM can be included up to 20 % in layer diets for optimal meat yield, gut morphology and sensory properties.
A preliminary study on nutrient digestibility by West African dwarf goats fed graded levels of shea nut (Vitellaria paradoxa) cake-based rations
Authors: Ogunbosoye D. O , Tona G. O , Akinfemi A , Ajani M. R.
Published: February 2021

Feed shortage which rises from seasonal feed deficits, erratic supply of feed ingredients with competition between humans and livestock for available feed resources, possesses a major constraint to goat production in Nigeria. This has led to low level of livestock productivity. In this regards, there is need to search for alternative but cheaper feedstuffs. Shea nut cake (SNC), an agro industrial waste product could be used as one of the economic strategy to ameliorate feed shortage. The current study was focused on the effect of dietary inclusion of Shea nut cake on nutrients digestibility of West African Dwarf goats using six (6) growing males WAD goats. Diets consist of 0%, 10% and 15% shea nut cake inclusion levels in combination with wheat offal, corn bran, cassava peel, cowpea husk, and the dietary treatments were designated as T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The experimental animals were allotted to three treatments in a completely randomized design with two animals per treatment. The animals were transferred into a wooden metabolic cage fitted with facilities to collect faeces which lasted for 14 days. Crude protein, ether extract, ash and neutral detergent fibre concentrations of the experimental diets were 9.18-11.37%, 2.03-2.79, 9.63-12.11% and 30.69-48.51% respectively. The result obtained for average daily weight gain was higher (p<0.05) for T2 (64.29g) compared to T1 (35.72g) and T3 (35.72g) which were similar. The feed conversion ratio showed no significant (p<0.05) effect among T1 (14.32) and T3 (14.07) while T2 (8.00) is significantly higher. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed among treatment groups for nutrients digestibility. The goats placed under T2 (10%) recorded the highest digestibility coefficient for all the nutrients. However the crude protein, ether extract, ash and neutral detergent fibre digestibilities were between 45.76- 74.26%, 57.19-67.73%, 56.09-76.66% and 55.28-78.28% respectively. It was however observed that T2 (10%) SNC inclusion had the highest digestibility coefficient in all the nutrients by West African dwarf goats.
Performance characteristics and blood profile of rams fed mixture of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) leaves and neem (Azadirachta indica) seed cake
Authors: Okoruwa M. I , Adewumi M. K , Ikhimioya I.
Published: February 2021

The study was carried out to assess the performance characteristics and blood profile of growing rams fed mixture of bamboo leaves and neem seed cake. Eighteen West African dwarf rams with an average weight of 8.00±0.20kg and aged between 8-9 months were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments with six animals per treatment group in a completely randomized design. The diets compared were TD1 (70% Guinea grass with 30% concentrate diet which was the control group), TD2 (mixture of 50% bamboo leaves with 20% neem seed cake and 30% concentrate diet) and TD3 (combination of 45% bamboo leaves with 25% neem seed cake and 30% concentrate diet). The results obtained indicated that average total feed intake (11.13kg), average daily feed intake (132.50g), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (33.35g/dL), glucose (59.01mg/dL), cholesterol (42.89mg/dL), creatinine (1.01mg/dL) and urea (13.73mg/dL) were significantly (P<0.05) better with animals on TD1 . Animals on TD2 had the highest values in terms of finial body weight (11.33kg), average total weight gain (3.27kg), average daily weight gain (38.93g), total digestible nutrient (68.97%), packed cell volume (30.06%), haemoglobin (10.68g/dl), red blood cell (9.42 x 106/.ml), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (11.70Pg), total protein(8.09g/dL), albumin (3.03g/dL), and globulin (5.06g/dL). Feed conversion ratio (4.27), mean corpuscular volume (30.95fl) and white blood cell (2.56 x 103/mL) were significantly highest for animals on TD3. No significant (P>0.05) difference existed between the experimental rams with regards to initial body weight, lymphocyte, neutrophile. It was concluded that combination of 50% bamboo leaves with 20% of neem seed cake and 30% concentrate diet improved performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices for growing rams
Determinants of biosecurity utilisation among small scale broiler farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwasusi J. O , Nwosu K. R , Olajuyigbe B. F
Published: February 2021

Predictors of biosecurity utilization among broiler farmers are of concern on the need for guaranteed safe meat supply to consumers, guarding against epidemics and sustainability of profitable poultry enterprise. Therefore, this study looked into the determinants of biosecurity utilization among broiler farmers in Ekiti State. Multistage and random sampling techniques were used to select 135 respondents for the study; data were collected using structured interview schedule, frequency counts, percentages, PPMC and linear regression. Majority (60.7%) of the respondents was males, young (31-40years), more than half (51.1% and 53.3%) were married and had poultry as their primary occupation. Majority (67.4% and 65.9%) always sourced information on biosecurity practices from friends and had high level of biosecurity awareness. Non-compliance of visitors with parking of cars away from the poultry house was rated as a very serious constraint to biosecurity utilization. Level of education (β=0.621), poultry experience (β =0.416), membership of organization (β =0.511), income level (β =0.401), awareness of biosecurity (β =0.317) and constraints to biosecurity utilization (β =0.266) were contributors to utilization of biosecurity for broiler production. Hence, further information on biosecurity practices for broiler production and how the respondents can market their broilers effectively should be provided by public extension agents and channeled through poultry association.
Performance and nutrient digestibility of West African Dwarf rams fed Panicum maximum and Tridax procumbens supplemented with Cajanus cajan leaves
Authors: Adebisi I. A , Ajibike A. B. , Muraina T. O , Amusa H. O , Okunlola O. O , Oladepo O. , Mustapha T. B.
Published: February 2021

An experiment was carried out to investigate the performance and nutrient digestibility of West African dwarf growing rams fed mixture of Panicum maximum and Tridax procumbens supplemented with Cajanus cajan leaves for 56 days feeding trial. A total of twelve WAD rams were randomly allocated to three treatments with four animals per treatment while two animals served as replicate. The experimental diet was fed at 3% body weight of individual animals while Cajanus cajan leaves were supplemented at varied inclusion levels. The results revealed that animals fed T1 recorded the least weight gain (36.96g/day) while the highest weight gain (56.42g/day) was recorded for T3. The daily weight gain of animals was significantly different across all treatments (P<0.05). The highest DMI (18.30kg) was recorded on the T1, and the least value of DMI (17.40kg) was recorded in T3. The highest feed efficiency ratio (0.18) and the lowest value (0.11) were observed in animals fed T1 and T3 diet respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the nutrient digestibility parameters of the experimental animals. The results showed that T1 (100% sole Cajanus cajan leaves) promoted the best dry matter (DM) digestibility (89.56%) which was enough to meet the production and maintenance requirement of small ruminants while the lowest value (88.67%) of DMD was recorded in T2 . The highest crude protein (CP) digestibility (13.20%) was observed in T3 diet. The highest value for crude fibre digestibility (38.95%) and the lowest value (35.35%) were observed in animals fed T2 and T1 diet respectively. In conclusion, supplementation of Cajanus cajan leaves with mixture of Tridax procumbens and Panicum maximum as basal diet for feeding sheep enhanced nutrient intake, growth performance and improved nutrient digestibility without health challenges to the animals.
Response and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chickens fed graded levels of Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplement
Authors: Buba W. , Olugbemi T. S. , Omage J. J , Duru S. , Iyiola-Tunji A. O
Published: February 2021

Two hundred and fifty-five day-old Ross White strain broiler chicks were used to evaluate the Response and economic efficiency of broiler chickens fed graded levels of baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplement during the harmattan season in the northern guinea savannah zone of Nigeria. There were five treatment groups for both starter and finisher phases. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. Each treatment group had three replicates with 17 birds per replicate and fifty-five birds per group in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% SC respectively. Results of the starter phase showed significant (P<0.05) differences in terms of final weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Treatment groups fed the control diet (0.0%), 0.5% and 1% SC had the best final body weight and body weight gain during the starter phase. The FCR was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment group fed 0.5% SC during the starter phase. Mortality was higher (11.76%) in the control group compared to other treatment groups in the starter phase. During the finisher phase, treatment group fed 1.0% SC had significantly (P<0.05) higher final body weight, body weight gain and FCR. Apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash, dry matter and nitrogen free extract were better in treatment groups containing SC. The economic efficiency results of this study indicated that the birds fed 1.0% SC were more profitable compared to those fed the control diet. The net profit of the treatment group fed 1.0% SC was N 650.01 compared to the control (N554.35). This study concluded that the optimum inclusion level of Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the diet of broilers starter was 0.5% and 1.0% for finisher diet for improved performance in terms of weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). It is suggested that broiler chicken farmers should be encouraged to include Baker's yeast in the diet of broiler chickens for improved weight productivity and better feed utilization.
Spermatozoa Survival Rate in Stored Cock Semen Extended With Diluent Fortified With Natural Antioxidant Sources under Room Temperature
Authors: Ewuola E. O , Balogun A. S , Lawanson A.  A
Published: February 2021

An experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments in triplicates. Four extenders were formulated: Lake Extender; Coconut water-Orange juice Extender (CWOE); Egg yolk-Tomato juice Extender (EYTE) and Milk based-Carrot juice Extender (MCE), were used to extend cock semen constituting treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively, while the control (Treatment 1) was unextended semen. Semen was harvested from 8 proven Isa breeder cocks aged 35-40 weeks, pooled and evaluated. The ejaculate was divided into 5 and each part was extended with the extenders at ratio 1:2 (Semen: Extender). The extended and un-extended semen samples were kept under room temperatures (26.6-27.4oC) with relative humidity of 64.0-74.0% for in vitro assessment at 2 hrs interval until percentage motility was less than 60%. The results showed that the mass activity, sperm motility and percentage livability reduced p<0.05) as the time of storage increased. Mass activities of unextended semen and the one extended with coconut water-orange juice were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of other treatments at 0 hour period of storage. Sperm motility in treatments 1 (95.0%), 3 (93.3%) and 4 (88.3%) was not significantly (p>0.05) different from one another, but they was significantly (p<0.05) higher than treatments 2 (40.0%) and 5 (71.7%). At 2 hours of storage, the mass activity and percentage sperm motility in treatment 2 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than other treatments, while live sperm cells were significantly lower for Treatment 3 than other treatments. At 4 hours of storage, mass activity and motility were zero in Treatment 2, while Treatment 1 recorded the highest values (66.7% and 93.5% respectively). Percent motility in Treatments 3, 4 and 5 were 55.0, 50.0 and 43.3%, respectively. However, percent live sperm cells were significantly (P<0.05) higher in treatments 2, 4, 5 and 1 than In treatment 3. Both CWOE and EYTE possessed a good keeping quality for semen storage. The extenders fortified with natural antioxidants can be used for on-farm insemination in poultry within two hours of collection.
Whole Unfermented African Locust Bean (WUALBF) Flour (Parkia biglobosa) as Non-Conventional Extender in Frankfurter-type Sausage
Authors: Attoh-Kotoku V. , Olusola O. O , Osafo F , Omojola A. B
Published: February 2021

Frankfurter-type sausages were produced using Whole Unfermented African Locust Bean Flour (WUALBF) to substitute Ground Beef (GB) in the product formulation at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. Dried African Locust bean seeds (Parkia biglobosa) were obtained from the Crops Research Institute of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, Ghana. They were cooked overnight to soften the testa, which was carefully removed by pressing between palms and separated by swirling in water bath through a colander of 25mm sieve diameter. The resultant beans were sun dried, milled into flour for incorporation into the sausage formulations. Protein, fibre and cooking yield increased significantly (P0.05). Sensory evaluation revealed very high score (P0.05) on appearance, tenderness, juiciness and pH of the product. Production cost reduced by 6.5%, 12.92%, 24.32% and 29.60% respectively when using 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% WUALBF in Frankfurter-type sausages. The results suggest that WUALBF has promising potential as a non-conventional extender in Frankfurter-type Sausage
Historia y proceso de ordenación de las carreras en la montaña en España. [History and planning process of trail races in Spain].
Authors: Babí-Lladós Joan , Soler-Prat Susanna , Inglés-Yuba Eduard , Labrador-Roca Víctor
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo se ha explorado la génesis y evolución de las carreras en la montaña en el territorio español. Para realizar este trabajo, se ha empleado una metodología heurística documental mediante la búsqueda, revisión y análisis de documentación relevante para la investigación proveniente de las principales entidades implicadas en el desarrollo de esta modalidad deportiva, así como el análisis con perspectiva histórica de la información recogida en la base de datos especializada Ropits Social Running. El estudio realizado permite estructurar la evolución de la creación de carreras en la montaña en cinco etapas: Pausada entre 1941 y 1978; Progresiva entre 1979 y 1994; Elevada entre 1995 y 2008; Exponencial entre 2009 y 2013; y Ralentizada hasta el 2019. Por otra parte, también se constata como, a pesar de contar con 80 años de historia, la regulación de la disciplina deportiva se ha condensado en las últimas décadas, acorde al aumento de la organización de carreras. Paralelamente al aumento de carreras y a su regulación, también se ha observado la disputa existente entre federaciones deportivas y asociaciones de montañismo y atletismo para la ordenación de estos eventos. Este conflicto conlleva que se encuentren diferentes denominaciones en función del organismo regulador e, incluso, del nivel territorial de la competición, existiendo diferencias entre las competiciones a nivel mundial, europeo, español y autonómico.
Har du draget? – En undersøkelse av ingeniørstudenters kunnskaper og ferdigheter i mekanikk etter eksamen
Authors: Thorvaldsen Per Eilif , Sjursen Therese , Buanes Trygve
Published: February 2021

I artikkelen presenteres en ny måte å måle kvaliteten i studenters læringsutbytte og undervisningen, ved at det foretas en ny vurdering av kunnskap og ferdigheter i fysikk en god stund etter avlagt eksamen i emnet. Denne vurderingen tyder på at studentene mangler konseptuell forståelse av mekanikk og har lite læringsutbytte i fysikk. Undersøkelsen gjenspeiler at studentene tror de innehar god/tilstrekkelig kunnskap. Det er spesielt interessant, og vi fremsetter hypotesen at dette skyldes undervisningsmetode. Denne måten å evaluere kunnskap på, ved å foreta en test en gitt tid etter avlagt eksamen kan være et godt redskap for å måle en faktisk oppnådd forståelse av fysikk.  Videre vil resultatene kunne hjelpe oss til å vri læringsutbyttemålene i retning av konseptuell forståelse istedenfor det nåværende søkelys på det å kunne anvende fysikkens lover. Den foreslåtte metoden kan ha stor overføringsverdi til andre
The culture of product development in student organisations
Authors: Wæhle Andreas , Nilsen Jørgen , Tollevik Sigurd , Rogne Nora , Westbye Stian , Robbersmyr Kjell Gunnar
Published: February 2021

Product development in a multidisciplinary student organisation brings many challenges; varyingexperience, adaptation and involvement of members. This article will discuss how a multidisciplinarystudent project maintains a learning culture for product development and project management.The identified factors for a learning culture; 1) define product specifications, 2) involvealumnis, 3) facilitate an open minded culture for failure and learning and 4) collect experience andadapt an agile framework suitable for the project. These are factors that should be an implementedpart to increase the chances of maintaining a learning culture.Align Racing UiA, the case of this study, is a student organisation with over 60 engaged studentsin multi-disciplinary challenges. The common team goal is to produce one race car a year and competein Formula Student. The rules for the technical side of the project are substantial, resulting inconcrete boundaries to realize the project. However, every piece of the car is designed, producedand assembled by the members. Looking at the first year of Align Racing UiA, the initial projectmanagement was not optimal for a student project of this scale. Consequently, it was realized thata strong emphasis on project management, agile development method and communication wouldbe key to a more efficient product development and project management.
Mappevurdering i matematikk: Framsteg eller naudsynt onde?
Authors: Schaathun Hans Georg
Published: February 2021

Pandemien har i 2020 tvunge mange matematikkførelesarar til å bruka mappevurdering og heimeeksamen i staden for dei tradisjonelle skuleeksamenane med streng kontroll på hjelpemiddel. Dette er kontroverielt når eksamen skal testa rekneferdigheiter. I denne artikkelen vil me vri spørsmålet og sjå på kva matematikkompetansar me kan vurdera gjennom mappeeksamen, og føreslå eit mappevurderingsdesign som dekkjer viktige læringsutbyte som ofte ikkje vert prøvde på eksamen.
Experience in Use of 3D Printing in Engineering Education at University of Stavanger
Authors: Lemu Hirpa G. , Mikkelsen Ove
Published: February 2021

This article is based on a project run in 2018 and 2019 entitled “Educating Mechanical Engineering using 3D Printing – Under3DP”. The project was funded by Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger (UiS). The project is motivated by the current developments of the 3D printing technology in diverse disciplines whose initial inception was for rapid prototyping that can transform 3D models in computers to physical objects that the designer and/or the customer can touch, feel and better comprehend. Being one of the enablers of the digital transformations in manufacturing, the 3D printing technology is the fastest growing technologies and it is bringing more and more significant impacts to the manufacturing sector, healthcare, daily life, and the global economy. The pedagogical benefit of the project was evaluated using questionnaire based survey after the students of a course in Product Development and 3D Modelling have executed a mandatory group exercise to make 3D models of 3D printed samples and 3D print some of their 3D model ideas. According to the assessment results, more than 80% of the students who participated in the assessment responded that use of 3D fabricated parts in product design tasks have contributed to better understanding of the task and 3D printing has supported the learning process.
Hvordan kan studentaktive vurderingsformer fremme selvregulert læring?
Authors: Pedersen Ida Friestad
Published: February 2021

Det er et uttalt mål at studenter skal bli selvregulerte lærere, og forskningslitteraturen trekker frem at formativ vurdering er viktig for utvikling av selvregulering. Dette konferansebidraget beskriver hvordan en formativ vurderingspraksis som kombinerte både medstudentvurderinger og egenvurdering ble gjennomført basert på prinsipper og anbefalinger fra forskningslitteraturen. Videre reflekterer teksten over denne praksisen i lys av studentenes forventninger og faglærers opplevelser, og viser hvordan en slik vurderingspraksis ivaretar anerkjente prinsipper for tilbakemeldinger som fremmer selvregulering.
Gruppelærerdagen – kvalitet fra første undervisningstime
Authors: Huru Hilja , Beerepoot Maarten
Published: February 2021

En stor del av undervisningen i realfagene ved norske universiteter blir utført av stipendiater eller studenter fra tidligere kull. Fokus på opplæring av denne gruppen undervisere kan bidra til en positiv effekt på undervisningskvalitet og studentenes læring. Det varierer imidlertid fra institusjon til institusjon om det finnes en slik type opplæring og omfang og kvalitet på denne opplæringen kan avhenge av fakultet, institutt, emne og emnelederen. Vi har satt oss som mål å organisere et enkelt opplæringstilbud for ferske og mer erfarne gruppelærere på vårt fakultet for å bidra til trygghet og kvalitet fra første undervisningstime. Vi drøfter ulike temaer vi har møtt i organisering av dagene, spesielt relevans for ulike fag og ulike undervisningsoppgaver, språk og omfang på opplegget og rollen som dagen har i pedagogisk opplæring og videreutvikling hos gruppelærerne. Vi belyser temaene ut fra internasjonal litteratur på feltet, evalueringsresultater fra gruppelærerdagene og våre egne erfaringer. Vi håper at dette bidraget kan inspirere andre til å ha mer fokus på opplæring av gruppelærere og gi verdifull innsikt til organisering av opplæringen. Samtidig ønsker vi å vise at dette ikke nødvendigvis må bli ressurskrevende for å utgjøre en forskjell for studentene, for gruppelærerne, og forhåpentligvis også for undervisningskvaliteten på fakultetet som helhet.
Gruppebasert prosjektoppgave i matematikk: Veiledernes erfaringer
Authors: Gjesteland Thomas , Lima Vegard , Lunøe-Nielsen Sverre , Radmehr Farzad , Goodchild Simon
Published: February 2021

I denne presentasjonen vil vi rapportere veilederes erfaringer med å bidra i et matematisk modelleringsprosjekt. Prosjektet ble introdusert i begynnelsen av første semester matematikkurs for ingeniørstudenter. Målet med prosjektet er å knytte matematikken til realistiske ingeniørgfag problemstillinger og at studentene skal få en nærmere tilknytning til faglærerne i sitt felt. Vi ønsker også å lære studentene flere matematiske kompetanser, som det er vanskelig å trene i forelesninger og øvingstimer. I prosjektet ble 483 studenter delt i 70 grupper som ble veiledet av 20 faglig ansatte fra alle seksjoner av ingeniøravdelingene. Veilederne rapporterer om at de opplever prosjektoppgaven som et positivt bidrag i matematikkfaget, og at studentene var fornøyd med denne oppgaven. Veilederne rapporterte også at veiledningen var tidkrevende og at gruppedynamikk var en utfordring.
Faktorar som påverkar kvaliteten på digital undervisning
Authors: Fojcik Marcin , Fojcik Martyna Katarzyna , Kyte Lars
Published: February 2021

Digitalisering av undervisningssektoren har fått mykje oppmerksemd dei siste månadane etter at samfunnet blei stengt. På grunn av smittevernreglar som avgrensar mogelegheita til fysisk undervisning, må utdanningsinstitusjonane tilpasse undervisninga til romkapasiteten, talet på studentar og ressursbruk til lærarane. Det medfører utfordringar for både studentar, lærarar og administrasjonen.

Dette konferansebidraget skal presentere resultat (erfaringar og refleksjonar) sett gjennom fire perspektiv: pedagogisk, sosial, økonomisk og økologisk. Kva slags digital undervisningsform trivst studentane best med? Kva gir størst læringsutbytte? Korleis blir det sosiale framheva gjennom undervisninga? Er studentane motiverte ved å sjå på ein skjerm? Kor mykje kostar utstyr som trengst til å førebu og gjennomføre digital undervisning? Kva er kostnaden på miljøet for å legge til rette for digital undervisning?

Studien presenterer ei samling av desse fire perspektiv og drøfter om å drive digitale undervisningsformer. Både med tanke på den økonomiske kostnaden til institusjonane og kvar student, med den pedagogiske, sosiale og økologiske kostanden. Det er ein samla vurdering av pengar, tid, ny kunnskap og energi som kan gi eit fullstendig bilete av kor mykje det eigentleg kostar med digital undervisning. Kan vi forbetre undervisningskvalitet med avgrensande resursar?
Octavio Paz: Único Premio Nobel mexicano
Authors: Valiente Contreras Fredy
Published: February 2021

El escritor y poeta hispánico de todos los tiempos (1914-1998) es el único Premio Nobel mexicano. El último latinoamericano en recibir este premio, el peruano Mario Vargas Llosa, expresó su deseo de que el siguiente autor de la lengua en recibirlo fuera el mexicano Carlos Fuentes. El amado Fuentes antes había manifestado: “Cuando se lo dieron a García Márquez (1982) me lo dieron a mí, a mi generación, a la novela latinoamericana que nosotros representamos en un momento dado. De manera que yo me doy por premiado” 26. Octavio Paz en géneros literarios abarcó poemas, ensayos, traducciones. Fenecido su padre en 1936, se trasladó a España para combatir con lo republicanos en la guerra civil, en la Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascistas. También denunció los campos de concentración soviéticos y se opuso a los crímenes de Stalin en 1951. En 1945 comenzó a servir como diplomático mexicano, y destinado a Francia permaneció en París, la Ciudad Luz, hasta 1951, donde tuvo influencia de los surrealistas. Durante esa estancia, en 1950, publicó El laberinto de la soledad.
Anatomic Analysis of a Percutaneous Fixation Technique for the Posterior Malleolus Using Posterior-to-Anterior–Directed Cannulated Screws: A Cadaveric Study and Technique Description
Authors: Kimball Jeff S. , Ruckle David E. , Rajfer Rebecca A. , Johnson Joey P.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Posterior malleolus fractures are traditionally managed with open reduction and internal fixation or percutaneous anterior-to-posterior screws. We present a third option using a percutaneous technique for the placement of posterior-to-anterior–directed screws. An anatomic safety analysis is done using cadaveric specimens.

Methods:

Using 15 embalmed specimens (10 F and 5 M), a guidewire was placed using the described technique. The posterolateral ankle was dissected to evaluate for damage to vulnerable structures including the sural nerve, peroneal artery, and flexor hallucis longus/flexor digitorum longus/peroneal/Achilles tendons. The distance from the sural nerve and peroneal artery was measured to the guidewire at its nearest point. The tendons were evaluated for traumatic piercings.

Results:

The sural nerve had a mean distance to wire of 5.3 mm (range 0 to 12) and the peroneal artery had a mean distance to wire of 5.7 mm (range 2 to 13 mm) with no traumatic piercings of either structure. The flexor hallucis longus/flexor digitorum longus/peroneal/Achilles tendons had no traumatic piercings.

Conclusion:

This percutaneous technique provides a safe alternative to the standard open and traditional percutaneous techniques. It has limited application and is suitable for noncomminuted minimally displaced posterior malleolus fractures and those with fragile tissues where the morbidity of the soft tissue exposure outweighs the benefit of an open reduction.
Alteration Mapping for Lead-Zinc-Barium Mineralization in Parts of the Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria, Using ASTER Multispectral Data
Authors: Andrew Oha Ifeanyi , Donald Nnebedum Okechukwu , Okonkwo Ikenna Anthony
Published: February 2021

The lead-zinc-barium deposits of the southern Benue Trough, Nigeria belong to a suite of clastic dominated fracture filling hydrothermal vein deposits. The alteration types and spread are poorly known yet required to aid exploration. Band ratio composites (BRC), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) were applied to a full scene Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery covering the study area. Spectral analysis of sulphide minerals known in the area led to the development of the (B1+B3)/2 ratio, which provided a highly effective sulphide discriminant. PCA and MNF bands with high eigenvectors in the absorption features of target minerals qualified as colour composite candidates for alteration mapping. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of combining the BRC, PCA and MNF techniques in the discrimination of ferric-ferrous/sulphide and silica alteration zones in the Southern Benue Trough.
Optimal Tedavi, Altmış Beş Yaş ve Üstü Glioblastome Multiforme Tanılı Hastalarda Sağkalım Üzerine Etkili mi?
Authors: DEMİRAY Atike Gökçen
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) erişkinlerde en sık görülen primer malign beyin tümörüdür. Optimal tedavisi, mümkün olan en geniş cerrahi rezeksiyon (maksimum güvenli rezeksiyon) sonrasında adjuvan eşzamanlı kemoradyoterapi ve ardından adjuvan kemoterapidir. Fakat, geriatrik grup optimal tedavi edilmemektedir. Son çalışmalarda genç hastalarla benzer olarak yaşlı grupta da optimal tedavinin fayda sağladığı gösterilmiştir. Biz de, 65 yaş ve üstü GBM’li hastalarda optimal tedavinin sağkalım üzerine etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Onkoloji Polikliniğinde 2010-2018 yılları arasında takip edilen GBM patolojik tanılı 71 hastanın dosyaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik ve klinikopatolojik özellikleri dosyadan kaydedildi

Bulgular: Değerlendirilen 71 hastanın 25’i (%35,2) 65 yaş ve üstü, 46’sı (%64,8) 65 yaş altındaydı. Yirmi beş hastanın 11’i (%44) erkek, 14’ü (%56) kadındı. Tüm hasta grubunda ortanca takip süresi 16,2 ay (12,4-19,9), ortanca genel sağkalım süresi 12,5 ay (10,4-14,7 ay) idi. Altmış beş yaş altı hastaların ortanca genel sağkalımı 15,1 ay (12,6-17,6 ay), 65 yaş ve üstü hastaların ise 8,6 ay (7,9-9,3 ay) idi (p
Karotis Arter Darlığı ile Birlikte Sınır Zonu İnfarktı Saptanan Olguların Klinik ve Radyolojik Özellikleri ile Karotis Arter Stentlemesinin Erken Dönem Sonuçları
Authors: KOZAK Hasan Hüseyin
Published: February 2021

Amaç: İnternal karotis arter gibi supraaortik büyük arter tıkanıklarında mortalite ve kalıcı özürlülük oranı daha yüksektir. Dolayısıyla karotis arter darlıklarının erken tespiti klinik açıdan önem arzetmektedir. Aterom plağının distale olan akımı kısıtlayacak derecede stenoza neden olması sonucunda karşımıza çıkan “sınır zonu infarktı” ise karotis arter darlıklarında normalden çok daha sık olarak karşımıza çıkarak karotis arter darlığı açısından uyarıcı olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kraniyal görüntülemelerinde sınır zonu infarktı izlenen ve etiyolojisinde karotis arter darlığı saptanarak karotis arter stentleme yapılan olgular incelenmiştir.

Yöntemler: Ocak 2017-Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında serebrovasküler hastalık tanısı ile takip edilmiş ve karotis arter stentleme yapılmış 120 olgu retrospektif olarak incelenmiş sınır zonu infarktı saptanan 31 olgu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir.

Bulgular: 31 olgunun yaş ortalaması 68,1±9,6 olup 27 si erkek ve 4 ü kadındı. Bu olguların 8 (%25,8) tanesinde sağ, 7 (%22,6) tanesinde sol, 16 (%51,6) tanesinde bilateral karotis arter darlığı mevcuttu. En yüksek oranda eşlik eden komorbiditeler hipertansiyon 28 (%90,3), hiperlipidemi 22 (%71) ve koroner arter hastalığı 18(%58,1) idi. Olguların17 (%54,8)’inde geçici iskemik atak, 24 (%77,4)’ünde sigara içme öyküsü mevcuttu. 31 olgu radyolojik olarak değerlendirildiğinde 17 (%54,8) tanesinde internal+eksternal, (%16,1) tanesinde izole internal ve 9 (%29) tanesinde izole eksternal sınır zonu infarktı saptandı. Olgulara iskemik inmeden ortalama 22,3±12,2 gün sonra stentleme yapıldığı saptandı. Karotis arter stentleme sonrası 3 olguda minör inme saptandı. Minör inme sebebi ile bu olguların hastane yatış sürelerinin ortalama 6 gün uzadığı izlendi. Olguların pre-op ortalama modifiye rankin skorları 1.35±0.87 iken işlemden 30 gün sonra 1.13±0.99 idi. Tüm olguların birinci ay sonunda yapılan karotis arter doppler ultrasonografi incelemelerinde stent açıklığının tam olarak izlendiği ve restenoz saptanmadığı tespit edildi.

Sonuç: Sınır zonu infarktları karotis arter darlıkları açısından uyarıcı bir iskemik inme paternidir. Klinisyenlerin hastalığın tanınması ve tedavisinin yürütülmesi süreçlerinde etkin bir şekilde mücadele edebilmeleri için farkındalıkları arttırılmalıdır. Bu çalışma, sınır zonu infarktı ile gelen karotis arter darlıklı hasta gruplarında endovasküler stentleme yönteminin güvenli olduğuna ve erken dönemli sonuçlarının fonksiyonel sonlanımlar açısından olumlu sonuçlandığına işaret etmektedir.
COVİD-19 Geçiren Hastalarda Antikor Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ASLAN Özgür
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Ağır akut solunum sendromu korona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) hastalığı (COVID-19) halen büyük bir sorun olarak tüm dünyada etkisini göstermektedir. Halen SARS-CoV-2'ye karşı antikor tepkileri tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır ve serolojik testlerin klinik yararları belirsizdir. Bu çalışmada COVID-19 geçiren hastaların farklı zamanda alınmış numunelerde Roche SARS-CoV-2 antikor testi ile antikor düzeyleri değerlendirildi.

Yöntemler: Hastanemize 21 kişinin Mart 2020 – Nisan 2020 tarihleri arasındaki SARS-CoV-2 PCR testi bakılmış ve serum numunesi toplanmış kişilerden, Temmuz 2020 ayında tekrar numune alınmış ve toplam 42 numunede Roche SARS-CoV-2 antikor düzeyleri bakılmıştır.

Bulgular: Toplam 21 kişinin ilk numunesinin 7’sinde Anti SARS CoV 2 antikorları negatif, 14’ünde Anti SARS CoV 2 antikorları pozitif olarak bulunmuştur. Negatif olan numunelerin hepsinde RT-PCR sonuçları pozitif olarak saptanmıştır. İkinci numunelerin 1’inde Anti SARS CoV 2 antikorları negatif, 20’isnde Anti SARS CoV 2 antikorları pozitif olarak bulunmuştur. Tüm kişilerin ikinci numuneleri ele alındığında, SARS-CoV-2 antikor değerlerinde hiçbir numunede düşüş saptanmamıştır.

Sonuç: Çalışmada ikinci numunelerde dahi antikor düzeyi negatif ve kısmen düşük cut off değerlerdeki numuneler bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma gerek antikor düzeylerinin varlığı ve takibi gerekse plazmaferezlerde donör antikor düzeyinin saptanması açısından önem taşımaktadır.
Characterization of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Iranian Patients with Behcet's Disease; Correlation with Clinical Status
Authors: Shahram Farhad , Ghorbani Saied , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Akhlaghi Maassoumeh , Jadali Zohreh , Imeni Vahideh , Norouzi Mehdi , Faezi Seyedeh Tahereh , Monavari Seyed Hamid Reza , Mostafaei Shaya , Poortahmasebi Vahdat , Barfi Shahram , Alavian Seyed Moayed , Jazayeri Seyed Mohammad
Published: February 2021

Background: Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic multisystem vasculitis with an unknown etiology. During the past years, several reports are published on the occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the absence of HBsAg, in rheumatic diseases. Objectives: The current study aimed to, firstly, investigate the prevalence of OBI in patients with BD, and, secondly, its potential association with the clinical and therapeutic status of BD. Methods: HBV serological markers and HBV DNA were evaluated in 220 consecutive BD patients to detect OBI. Demographic and clinical data of OBI positive and negative groups were compared. Results: The mean age of patients was 39.24 (± 10.57), and 134 (62.9%) were male. The mean disease duration was 14.13 (± 8.63) years. No HBsAg positive case was found, but HBV DNA was found in 19 (8.6%) patients. The median viral load value was 475.84 copy/mL. We compared clinical data of 10 OBI positive and 156 OBI negative BD patients with complete and accessible data. There was no difference between the two groups concerning demographic characteristics (age, sex, and disease duration), different clinical manifestations, or types of medications (immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, and corticosteroids). Conclusions: This is the first study showing a rather high prevalence of OBI among BD patients. We did not find any correlation between OBI positivity and different clinical manifestations, medications, or HLA-B51. Further studies are needed on a larger group of patients and by molecular HBV evaluation (as well as serologic) regarding this possible association.
Clavicle Survival as a Free Bone Graft: A Case Report of Minor Modification Added to Pectoralis Major Flap
Authors: Mohamadi Mansoureh , Soltaninia Omid , Pourdanesh Fereydoun
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Reconstruction of the surgically created defects in the head and neck regions is a crucial step in the patients’ treatment plan. Regarding the involved tissues, various flaps and grafts have been introduced in the literature. The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF) is one of the most versatile flaps with many variations for providing more advantages. Also, when bone tissue is needed, it can be reconstructed via an osteomyocutaneous flap including rib, sternum, or clavicle. Case Presentation: In this article, a case of oral squamous cell carcinoma with the extension to facial structures and, then, reconstructed with PMMF was presented, in which a medial half of clavicle bone was resected and employed as a free bone graft. Conclusions: Sectioning clavicle not only increases the arc of rotation and mobility of the PMMF but also provides a new source of bone graft in the vicinity. Besides, the survival of the graft and integration with the native bone is noteworthy.
Molecular organization of 5S rDNA intergenic spacer in Gentiana pneumonanthe L. and G. punctata L.
Authors: Mel’nyk V. M. , Andreev I. O. , Myryuta G. Yu. , Shelyfist A. Y. , Volkov R. A. , Kunakh V. A.
Published: February 2021

Aim. The study was aimed at cloning and analysis of molecular organization of 5S rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) in two Gentiana species of Ukrainian flora, G. pneumonanthe L. and G. punctata L. Methods. 5S rDNA IGS sequence was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a pair of primers specific for the gene coding region. The produced PCR products were fractionated by gel-electrophoresis, isolated, ligated into plasmid pUC18, cloned into E. coli, and then sequenced. Nucleotide sequences were aligned using the Muscle algorithm and analyzed in the Unipro UGENE software. Results. The intergenic spacer region of the 5S rRNA genes was cloned and sequenced for two Gentiana species of Ukrainian flora, G. pneumonanthe and G. punctata. Based on the analysis of the alignment of the IGS sequences of five Gentiana species from three sections, some features of molecular organization of IGS of 5S rRNA genes in the studied species were established. In particular, motifs typical for other angiosperm families were identified, such as conservative oligo-dT motif at the IGS 3'-end that served as a transcription termination site and AT-rich region preceding the coding region of 5S rRNA gene. However, in the region of transcription initiation, conservative GC-element in position -13 is changed to AC. Conclusions. The interspecific variation of molecular organization of 5S rDNA IGS was identified among Gentiana species that can be used to clarify the phylogenetic relationships between members of this genus.Keywords: Gentiana species, 5S rDNA intergenic spacer, molecular organization, phylogeny.