bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Praziquantel on Preventing Delayed Infection of Schistosoma japonicum in Buffaloes and Goats
Authors: Gui Xiang , Shao Bing , Zhong Haoran , Lv Rongxue , Li Hao , Lu Ke , Hong Yang , Fu Zhiqiang , Lu Zhenjie , Xu Mengge , Jin Yamei , Liu Jinming
Published: December 2024

Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, continues to pose a major public health threat in East Asia, with an estimated 71 million people at risk of infection. Domestic animals, especially buffaloes and goats, serve as important reservoir hosts, facilitating the transmission of the parasite to humans. While praziquantel (PZQ) is the first-line treatment for schistosomiasis due to its broad-spectrum efficacy against adult schistosomes, its prophylactic potential is less explored. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PZQ in preventing S. japonicum infection in buffaloes and goats via assessing worm burden, worm size, hematological changes, and immune modulation. In the present study, buffaloes and goats were pretreated with PZQ at various doses (7–25 mg/kg body weight), followed by infection with S. japonicum cercariae. The results showed significant reductions in total worm burden and female worm burden, with one oral administration at 13 mg/kg for buffaloes and one injection at 25 mg/kg for goats offering the most robust protection. Worm length was also significantly reduced in both buffaloes and goats, indicating that PZQ not only prevented infection in this study but also inhibited worm growth. Furthermore, PZQ pretreatment modulated immune responses, as evidenced by increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in buffaloes and Lym% in goats. These findings suggest that PZQ has significant prophylactic potential in livestock, offering a practical solution for reducing schistosome transmission from animals to humans in endemic regions. Additionally, this study indicates that PZQ pretreatment does not contribute to resistance development, as newly established infections are effectively cleared during the initial treatment window.
Role of Probiotics in the Management of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Pouchitis
Authors: Bernardi Francesca , Fanizzi Fabrizio , Parigi Tommaso Lorenzo , Zilli Alessandra , Allocca Mariangela , Furfaro Federica , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio , D’Amico Ferdinando
Published: December 2024

Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) often requires surgical intervention, such as proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA). While IPAA improves patient outcomes, it can be associated with pouchitis, a common and debilitating complication characterized by inflammation of the pouch. The development of pouchitis is closely linked to dysbiosis—an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Understanding the role of the microbiota in pouch health has spurred interest in probiotics as a therapeutic strategy. Probiotics represent a promising avenue in the management of pouchitis, offering a natural and targeted approach to improving outcomes for UC patients. This review explores the role of probiotics in the management of UC patients, with a specific focus on preventing and treating pouchitis. We compare the microbiota of healthy pouches to those with pouchitis, highlighting key microbial shifts linked to disease onset and discussing the growing evidence for probiotics as a prevention and therapeutic approach. Future directions should prioritize advancing research to optimize probiotic therapies and establish personalized approaches based on individual microbiome profiles, highlighting their significant potential as a promising treatment strategy for pouchitis.
Comparative Analysis of Meat Quality and Hindgut Microbiota of Cultured and Wild Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Richardson 1845) from the Yangtze River Area
Authors: Muhammad Abdullateef Mukhtar , Yang Chang , Liu Bo , Sun Cunxin , Miao Linghong , Zheng Xiaochuan , Pan Liangkun , Xia Dong , Zhou Qun-Lan
Published: December 2024

Wild fish are often considered more nutritionally valuable than cultured fish. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the gut microbiota and meat quality through the gut–muscle axis. Therefore, cultured and wild bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Richardson 1845) from the Yangtze River were investigated to compare the differences in the meat quality and gut microbiota composition. Cultured bighead carp were collected from four intensive ponds along the Yangtze River area, while wild bighead carp were obtained from three different sites in the Yangtze River. The results showed that wild bighead carp muscle had significantly higher total saturated fatty acid (∑SFA) and total ω − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (∑n − 3 PUFA) content and water-holding capacity and lower lipid, histidine, and total ω − 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (∑n − 6 PUFA) content than cultured bighead carp, while the muscle texture was not significantly different between the two groups, with the exception of the resilience. Moreover, the hindgut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The alpha and beta diversity differences between the cultured and wild groups were significant. The LEfSe analysis revealed Mycobacterium, Longivirga, and Acetobacteroides as biomarkers in cultured bighead carp, while Clostridium_T and other Firmicutes-associated genera were predominant in wild bighead carp. Regarding the relationship between the hindgut microbiota and meat quality, Mycobacterium exhibited a positive correlation with the muscle n-6 PUFA content and a negative correlation with muscle n − 3 PUFAs, while Clostridium_T exhibited the opposite pattern. According to the ecological network, the abundance of Actinobacteria could serve as a significant indicator of variations in the abundance of Mycobacterium and Clostridium_T. Consequently, differences in meat quality, particularly in the fatty acid composition, were observed between wild and cultured bighead carp. These differences may be associated with variations in the hindgut microbiota, shedding light on the gut–muscle axis.
Toward Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence Inhibition: Beyond Cell Wall
Authors: Kotliarova Maria S. , Shumkov Mikhail S. , Goncharenko Anna V.
Published: December 2024

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most successful bacterial pathogens in human history. Even in the antibiotic era, Mtb is widespread and causes millions of new cases of tuberculosis each year. The ability to disrupt the host’s innate and adaptive immunity, as well as natural persistence, complicates disease control. Tuberculosis traditional therapy involves the long-term use of several antibiotics. Treatment failures are often associated with the development of resistance to one or more drugs. The development of medicines that act on new targets will expand treatment options for tuberculosis caused by multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant Mtb. Therefore, the development of drugs that target virulence factors is an attractive strategy. Such medicines do not have a direct bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect, but can disarm the pathogen so that the host immune system becomes able to eliminate it. Although cell wall-associated targets are being actively studied for anti-TB drug development, other virulence factors important for adaptation and host interaction are also worth comprehensive analysis. In this review, specific Mtb virulence factors (such as secreted phosphatases, regulatory systems, and the ESX-1 secretion system) are identified as promising targets for novel anti-virulence drug development. Additionally, models for the search of virulence inhibitors are discussed, such as virtual screening in silico, in vitro enzyme inhibition assay, the use of recombinant Mtb strains with reporter constructs, phenotypic analysis using in vitro cell infection models and specific environments.
Optimization of Medium Composition and Fluidized Bed Drying Conditions for Efficient Production of Dry Yeast
Authors: Kang Hyun-Jin , Yu Hwan Hee , Cho Chang-Won , Rhee Young Kyung , Kim Tae-Wan , Chin Young-Wook
Published: December 2024

Yeast formulations such as dry yeast are essential for supplying microbial starters to the alcoholic beverage industry. In Korea, the expensive freeze-drying method is used to manufacture brewer’s dry yeast, and therefore an economical process such as fluidized bed drying is needed. In the dry yeast manufacturing process, the medium and drying conditions are key factors that determine its quality and manufacturing cost. In this study, we aimed to optimize the medium composition and fluidized bed drying conditions for the efficient production of dry yeast. Muscovado and corn steep liquor were used as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, and their optimal concentrations were identified using response surface methodology for efficient cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ReY4-7 isolated from nuruk. Central composite design analysis revealed that the optimal medium composition was 146.12 g/L muscovado and 58.68 g/L corn steep liquor. A dry cell weight of 36 g/L was achieved during 24 h of batch fermentation in a 30-L bioreactor containing this medium. Analysis of protective agents against fluidized bed drying revealed Span 80 as the strongest protective agent for S. cerevisiae ReY4-7. Response surface methodology revealed 50 °C and 41.45 min as the optimal fluidized bed drying conditions, under which the viable cell count reached 10.28 log CFU/g, comparable to that of the commercial dry yeast products. Overall, optimization of the medium and drying conditions significantly improved the final cell concentration in the cultivation process and the viable cell count in the drying process of dry yeast.
Probiotic Bacterium-Derived p40, p75, and HM0539 Proteins as Novel Postbiotics and Gut-Associated Immune System (GAIS) Modulation: Postbiotic-Gut-Health Axis
Authors: Bingöl Feray Gençer , Ağagündüz Duygu , Budán Ferenc
Published: December 2024

It is known that probiotics have direct and indirect effects on many systems in the body, especially the gastrointestinal system. Interest in using probiotic strain-derived cell components and metabolites has also increased as a result of the significant benefits of probiotics. Although many terminologies and definitions are used for these components and metabolites, the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) recommended the use of the term postbiotic in 2021, which is defined as “a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host”. Postbiotics are bioactive metabolites such as organic acids, peptides/proteins, cell wall components, functional enzymes, short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, and phenols. These molecules mediate many positive effects such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. These positive effects on maintaining health have enabled the identification of many new postbiotic proteins such as p40, p75, and HM0539. In this review, the postbiotic proteins p40, p75, and HM0539 derived from lactobacilli and their functional effects are systematically summarized. The p40 protein, in particular, has been shown to support gut barrier activity and reduce inflammation, potentially through mechanisms involving epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent signaling. Additionally, p40 and p75 proteins exhibit protective effects on intestinal epithelial tight junctions, suggesting their therapeutic potential in preventing intestinal damage and diseases such as colitis. HM0539 enhances intestinal barrier integrity, exhibits antiinflammatory properties, and protects against bacterial infection, suggesting its possible as a therapeutic for inflammatory bowel disease. This review may contribute to future studies on the therapeutic use of p40, p75, and HM0539 postbiotic proteins in inflammatory gastrointestinal system diseases.
Origin of the Miaoling Gold Deposit, Xiong’ershan District, China: Findings Based on the Trace Element Characteristics and Sulfur Isotope Compositions of Pyrite
Authors: Chen Simo , Xu Junqiang , Yang Yanchen , Han Shijiong , Ding Peichao , Song Zhaoyang , Chen Tianwen , Zhang Daixin
Published: December 2024

The Xiong’ershan district is situated on the southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) and located within the Qinling–Dabieshan Orogen’s orogenic zone. It is adjacent to the XiaoQinling mining district and exhibits very favorable geological conditions for mineralization, as the district contains numerous gold deposits, positioning it as one of the key gold-producing areas of China. The Miaoling gold deposit is a hydrothermal deposit and is controlled by the Mesozoic nearly NS-trending fault. The ore bodies are hosted in the Mesoproterozoic Xiong’er Group of the Changcheng System of volcanic rocks, with reserves reaching large-scale levels. Pyrite is the main gold-bearing mineral and can be classified into four generations: early-stage fine- to medium-grained euhedral to subhedral cubic pyrite (Py1); medium- to coarse-grained euhedral to subhedral cubic granular pyrite in quartz veins (Py2a); fine-grained subhedral to anhedral disseminated pyrite in altered rocks (Py2b); and late-stage anhedral granular and fine-veinlet pyrite in later quartz veins (Py3). Through in situ trace element analysis of the pyrite using LA-ICP-MS, a positive correlation between Au and As was observed during the main mineralization stage; gold mainly exists as a solid solution within the pyrite lattice, and the ablation signal curve reflecting the intensity of trace element signals showed that gold also occurs as micron-scale mineral inclusions. The trace element content suggested a gradual increase in oxygen fugacity from Stage 1 to Stage 2, followed by a decrease from Stage 2 to Stage 3. The Co/Ni values in the pyrite (0.56 to 62.02, with an average of 12.34) exhibited characteristics of magmatic hydrothermal pyrite. The in situ sulfur isotope analysis of the pyrite using LA-MC-ICP-MS showed δ34S values of 4.24‰ for Stage 1, −6.63‰ to −13.79‰ for Stage 2, and −4.31‰ to −5.15‰ for Stage 3. Considering sulfur isotope fractionation, the δ34S value of the hydrothermal fluid during the main mineralization stage was calculated to be between 0.31‰ and 2.68‰.
Surface Chemistry Aspects of Ion Exchange in Basic Copper Salts
Authors: Skupiński Sebastian , Kalbarczyk Marta , Kamiński Daniel , Kosmulski Marek
Published: December 2024

Brochantite was precipitated using stoichiometric amounts of CuSO4 and NaOH and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area, thermogravimetric analysis, and zeta potential. Brochantite can be converted into paratacamite, basic copper bromide, and copper phthalate by shaking the powder with solutions containing excess corresponding anions. By contrast, attempts to convert brochantite into basic iodide, acetate, nitrate, or rhodanide in a similar way failed, that is, the powder after shaking with solutions containing excess corresponding anions still showed the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of brochantite. Successful ion exchange resulted in a decrease in the specific surface area by a factor of 10, but the specific surface area was unchanged when attempts to exchange the anion failed. Interestingly enough, paratacamite can also be converted into brochantite by shaking with solution containing excess sulfate. Brochantite and paratacamite obtained by precipitation and the salts obtained by ion exchange showed a negative zeta potential at pH > 9.
Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Candlelight OLED
Authors: Sharma Dipanshu , Gull Sanna , Ramakrishnan Anbalagan , Lenka Sushanta , Kumar Anil , Kumar Krishan , Lin Pin-Kuan , Wang Ching-Wu , Chen Sinn-Wen , Grigalevicius Saulius , Jou Jwo-Huei
Published: December 2024

Low-color-temperature candlelight organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) offer a healthier lighting alternative by minimizing blue light exposure, which is known to disrupt circadian rhythms, suppress melatonin, and potentially harm the retina with prolonged use. In this study, we explore the integration of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), specifically molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), into the hole injection layers (HILs) of OLEDs to enhance their performance. The TMDs, which are known for their superior carrier mobility, optical properties, and 2D layered structure, were doped at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% in PEDOT:PSS-based HILs. Our findings reveal that OLEDs doped with 10% MoS2 exhibit notable enhancements in power efficacy (PE), current efficacy (CE), and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of approximately 39%, 21%, and 40%, respectively. In comparison, OLEDs incorporating 10% of WS2 achieve a PE of 28%, a CE of 20%, and an EQE of 35%. The enhanced performance of the MoS2-doped devices is attributed to their superior hole injection and balanced carrier transport properties, resulting in more efficient operation. These results highlight the potential of incorporating 2D TMDs, especially MoS2, into OLED technology as a promising strategy to enhance energy efficiency. This approach aligns with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals by emphasizing reduced environmental impact and promoting ethical practices in technology development. The improved performance metrics of these TMD-doped OLEDs suggest a viable path towards creating more energy-efficient and health-conscious lighting solutions.
Novel Antibacterial 4-Piperazinylquinoline Hybrid Derivatives Against Staphylococcus aureus: Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Silico Insights
Authors: La Monica Gabriele , Gallo Annamaria , Bono Alessia , Alamia Federica , Lauria Antonino , Alduina Rosa , Martorana Annamaria
Published: December 2024

Molecular hybridization, which consists of the combination of two or more pharmacophores into a single molecule, is an innovative approach in drug design to afford new chemical entities with enhanced biological activity. In the present study, this strategy was pursued to develop a new series of 6,7-dimethoxy-4-piperazinylquinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives (5a–k) with potential antibiotic activity by combining the quinoline, the piperazinyl, and the benzoylamino moieties, three recurrent frameworks in antimicrobial research. Initial in silico evaluations were conducted on the designed compounds, highlighting favorable ADMET and drug-likeness properties, which were synthesized through a multistep strategy, isolated, and fully characterized. The whole set was tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, respectively. Notably, 5k exhibited potent and selective activity against S. aureus (MIC 10 μM), with a dose- and time-dependent response and capability to affect cell membrane integrity. On the other hand, no significant activity was observed against P. aeruginosa. Further in silico docking and molecular dynamics studies highlighted strong interactions of 5k with bacterial enzymes, such as tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, pyruvate kinase, and DNA gyrase B, suggesting potential modes of action. These findings underscore the value of the hybridization approach in producing new antimicrobial agents, guiding future optimization for broader-spectrum activity.
Engineering of Metal–Organic Framework-Derived CoTiO3 Micro-Prisms for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Tao , Song Minghui , Zhang Qi , Li Yifan , Yu Gengchen , Bai Xue
Published: December 2024

Metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived transition metal compounds and their composites have attracted great interest for applications in energy conversion and storage. In this work, hexagonal micro-prisms of Ni-doped CoTiO3 composited with amorphous carbon (NixCTO/C) were synthesized using Ti-Co-based MOFs as precursors. The experimental results indicate the substitutional doping of Ni2+ for Co2+ in CoTiO3 (CTO), leading to improved conductivity, as further confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Thus, the carbon-free sample of Ni-doped CTO exhibits improved lithium storage properties compared to the pristine one. Furthermore, when coupled with in situ-formed carbon, the dually modified Ni0.05CTO/C micro-prisms demonstrated a significantly increased reversible capacity of 584.8 mA h g−1, excellent rate capability, and superior cycling stability at a high current density of 500 mA g−1. This enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Ni doping and carbon coating.
Smart City Products and Their Materials Assessment Using the Pentagon Framework
Authors: Ponce Pedro , Rojas Mario , Mendez Juana Isabel , Anthony Brian , Bradley Russel , Fayek Aminah Robinson
Published: December 2024

Smart cities are complex urban environments that rely on advanced technology and data analytics to enhance city services’ quality of life, sustainability, and efficiency. As these cities continue to evolve, there is a growing need for a structured framework to evaluate and integrate products that align with smart city objectives. This paper introduces the Pentagon Framework, a comprehensive evaluation method designed to ensure that products and their materials meet the specific needs of smart cities. The framework focuses on five key features—smart, sustainable, sensing, social, and safe—collectively called the Penta-S concept. These features provide a structured approach to categorizing and assessing products, ensuring alignment with the city’s goals for efficiency, sustainability, and user experience. The Smart City Pentagon Framework Analyzer is also presented, a dedicated web application that facilitates interaction with the framework. It allows product data input, provides feedback on alignment with the Penta-S features, and suggests personality traits based on the OCEAN model. Complementing the web application, the Smart City Penta-S Compliance Assistant API, developed through ChatGPT, offers a more profound, personalized evaluation of products, including the life cycle phase recommendations using the IPPMD model. This paper contributes to the development of smart city solutions by providing a flexible framework that can be applied to any product type, optimizing its life cycle, and ensuring compliance with the Pentagon Framework. This approach improves product integration and fosters user satisfaction by tailoring products and their materials to meet specific user preferences and needs within the smart city environment. The proposed framework emphasizes citizen-centric design and highlights its advantages over conventional evaluation methods, ultimately enhancing urban planning and smart city development.
Ultrathin MWCNT/Ti3C2Tx Hybrid Films for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Weng Chuanxin , He Junzhe , Tian Jiangxiao , Wu Wei , Li Jinjin , Zhang Jiulin , Yu Haitao , Zhang Xuechuan , Lu Mingming
Published: December 2024

The disordered assembly and low conductivity of carbon nanotubes are the main problems that limit the application of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. In this work, an ordered lamellar assembly structure of multiwalled carbon nanotube/Ti3C2Tx (MWCNT/Ti3C2Tx) hybrid films was achieved by vacuum-assisted filtration through the hybridization of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and carbon nanotubes, where carbon nanotubes were tightly sticking on the surface of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets via physical adsorption and hydrogen bonding. Compared with the pure carbon nanotubes films, the hybrid MWCNT/Ti3C2Tx films achieved a significant improvement in conductivity of 452.5 S/cm and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 44.3 dB under 50 wt% Ti3C2Tx with a low thickness (8.6 μm) and orderly lamellar stacking structure, which finally resulted in high specific SE (SSE/t, SE divided by the density and thickness) of 55,603.1 dB∙cm2∙g−1.
Investigating the ROS Formation and Particle Behavior of Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide (E171) in the TIM-1 Dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion Model
Authors: Bischoff Nicolaj S. , Undas Anna K. , van Bemmel Greet , Briedé Jacco J. , van Breda Simone G. , Verhoeven Jessica , Verbruggen Sanne , Venema Koen , Sijm Dick T. H. M. , de Kok Theo M.
Published: December 2024

Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) is widely used in food, feed, and pharmaceuticals for its opacifying and coloring properties. This study investigates the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the aggregation behavior of E171 using the TNO Gastrointestinal (GI) model, which simulates the stomach and small intestine. E171 was characterized using multiple techniques, including electron spin resonance spectroscopy, single-particle inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. In an aqueous dispersion (E171-aq), E171 displayed a median particle size of 79 nm, with 73–75% of particles in the nano-size range (<100 nm), and significantly increased ROS production at concentrations of 0.22 and 20 mg/mL. In contrast, when E171 was mixed with yogurt (E171-yog), the particle size increased to 330 nm, with only 20% of nanoparticles, and ROS production was inhibited entirely. After GI digestion, the size of dE171-aq increased to 330 nm, while dE171-yog decreased to 290 nm, with both conditions showing a strongly reduced nanoparticle fraction. ROS formation was inhibited post-digestion in this cell-free environment, likely due to increased particle aggregation and protein corona formation. These findings highlight the innate potential of E171 to induce ROS and the need to consider GI digestion and food matrices in the hazard identification/characterization and risk assessment of E171.
Embedment of Biosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles in PolyNIPAAm/Chitosan Hydrogel for Development of Proactive Smart Textiles
Authors: Glažar Dominika , Štular Danaja , Jerman Ivan , Simončič Barbara , Tomšič Brigita
Published: December 2024

A smart viscose fabric with temperature and pH responsiveness and proactive antibacterial and UV protection was developed. PNCS (poly-(N-isopropylakrylamide)/chitosan) hydrogel was used as the carrier of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), synthesised in an environmentally friendly manner using AgNO3 and a sumac leaf extract. PNCS hydrogel and Ag NPs were applied to the viscose fabric by either in situ synthesis of Ag NPs on the surface of viscose fibres previously modified with PNCS hydrogel, or by the direct immobilisation of Ag NPs by the dehydration/hydration of the PNCS hydrogel with the nanodispersion of Ag NPs in the sumac leaf extract and subsequent application to the viscose fibres. Compared to the pre-functionalised PNCS application method, the in situ functionalisation imparted much higher concentration of Ag NPs on the fibres, colouring the samples brown to brown-green. These samples showed more than 90% reduction in the test bacteria E. coli and S. aureus and provided excellent UV protection. In this case, the PNCS hydrogel acted as a reservoir for Ag NPs, whose release was based on a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Despite the Ag NPs decreasing the responsiveness of the PNCS hydrogel, the moisture management was still preserved in the modified samples. Accordingly, the PNCS hydrogel is a suitable carrier for biosynthesized Ag NPs to tailor the protective smart surface of viscose fibres.
The Impact of Split Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications on the Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Hussain Khalid , Wajid Syed Aftab , Saqib Zulfiqar Ahmad
Published: December 2024

The application of nitrogenous fertilizer in reduced (“split”) doses of its total is suggested as a means to increase nitrogen use efficiency and rice productivity whilst reducing its environmental impact. Field trials conducted in 2022 and 2023 aimed to assess the impact of split nitrogen fertilizer applications on the productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of rice. This experiment included three nitrogen treatments (N1: control (no nitrogen); N2: 50% basal + 25% at tillering stage + 25% at panicle initiation stage (conventional method); N3: 33.33% basal + 33.33% at tillering stage + 33.33% at panicle initiation stage (equal split of nitrogen)) and four high-yielding rice varieties (V1: Super Gold 2019; V2: Super Basmati 2019; V3: Noor Basmati 2017; V4: Kissan Basmati 2016). The results indicated that the N3 treatment, with an equal split of nitrogen, combined with the V4 variety (Kissan Basmati 2016) produced the most favorable outcomes. The results indicated that the N3 treatment, particularly when applied to Kissan Basmati (V4), produced, statistically, the highest leaf area index (32.98%, 29.59%), 1000-grain weight (32.84%, 46.97%), grain yield (30.02%, 38.09%), agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (9.21%, 11.63%), and partial factor productivity (29.98%, 38.11%) compared to the control for the study periods of 2022 and 2023, respectively. Moreover, the grain yield demonstrated a strong positive correlation with growth traits and other yield components, except for plant height. The results showed that the application of three equal nitrogen doses significantly increases rice production, and therefore, in this yield context, improves nitrogen use efficiency.
Urolithin A Modulates PER2 Degradation via SIRT1 and Enhances the Amplitude of Circadian Clocks in Human Senescent Cells
Authors: Kuatov Rassul , Takano Jiro , Arie Hideyuki , Kominami Masaru , Tateishi Norifumi , Wakabayashi Ken-ichi , Takemoto Daisuke , Izumo Takayuki , Nakao Yoshihiro , Nakamura Wataru , Shinohara Kazuyuki , Nakahata Yasukazu
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Circadian clocks are endogenous systems that regulate numerous biological, physiological, and behavioral events in living organisms. Aging attenuates the precision and robustness of circadian clocks, leading to prolonged and dampened circadian gene oscillation rhythms and amplitudes. This study investigated the effects of food-derived polyphenols such as ellagic acid and its metabolites (urolithin A, B, and C) on the aging clock at the cellular level using senescent human fibroblast cells, TIG-3 cells. Methods: Lentivirus-infected TIG-3 cells expressing Bmal1-luciferase were used for real-time luciferase monitoring assays. Results: We revealed that urolithins boosted the amplitude of circadian gene oscillations at different potentials; urolithin A (UA) amplified the best. Furthermore, we discovered that UA unstabilizes PER2 protein while stabilizing SIRT1 protein, which provably enhances BMAL1 oscillation. Conclusions: The findings suggest that urolithins, particularly UA, have the potential to modulate the aging clock and may serve as therapeutic nutraceuticals for age-related disorders associated with circadian dysfunction.
Influence of Sleep Time on the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in Adolescents in a Capital of Brazil: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Barreto Erika , Almeida Aléssio , Neta Adélia , Ferreira Flávia
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The study prospectively assessed the association between sleep duration and the consumption of ultra-processed foods in adolescent students from a Brazilian capital. Methods: We observed 1431 adolescents participating in the Longitudinal Study on sedentary behavior, physical activity, dietary habits, and adolescent health, aged 10 to 14 years, in the years 2014 to 2017. The percentage of consumption of ultra-processed foods was evaluated by the Friedman test. Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) models with parameters for robust analysis were used to verify the prospective association between sleep and the consumption of ultra-processed foods. Results: The percentage consumption of ultra-processed foods in relation to total daily calories increased in boys between 15 and 17 years old (31.8% in 2015 to 35.8% in 2017), being more stable among older girls (36.7% in 2015 to 37.7% in 2017), which may have occurred due to the influence of the social environment, reduced critical capacity, and lower concern for nutrition. This excessive consumption can lead to health and body composition impairments. Over time, adolescents who were in the fourth quartile of sleep had a 1.4% reduction (95% CI −2.49; −0.28) in the energy percentage from ultra-processed foods. When adjusting the initially used model in the GEE (Generalized Estimation Equation) with sociodemographic variables (income, maternal education, age) and lifestyle factors, sleep duration decreased by 2.1% (95% CI −4.09; −0.22) only in boys. The shorter duration of sleep in adolescents has been shown to be associated with unhealthy behavioral factors, such as a preference for fatty and sugary foods. There were no statistically significant associations for girls in this model. Conclusions: Sleep influences the consumption of ultra-processed foods in adolescents, showing that as sleep time increases, the consumption of foods classified as ultra-processed decreases.
Balancing Nutritional and Environmental Sustainability Through the Evaluation of the Water Footprint of the Recommended Italian, Spanish, and American Diets
Authors: Camporesi Giulia , Bordoni Alessandra
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The water footprint (WF) provides information on the impact of individual foods on water consumption, but to better direct food production toward water saving, we need to understand how to reduce the WF of our diets while keeping it healthy. In this study, we compared the WF of healthy diets based on national food-based dietary guidelines with the aim of highlighting changes in dietary patterns that could reduce water requirements without compromising nutritional adequacy. Methods: Three 2000 kcal/day dietary patterns were elaborated following the Italian, Spanish, and American dietary guidelines, and their total, green, blue, and grey WFs were calculated. Results: The Italian dietary pattern showed the lowest total WF (2806 L per capita/day), with the American and Spanish patterns being 8% and 10.5% higher, respectively. The food groups contributed differently to the total WF. In the USA, animal foods were the main contributor (56% versus 41% in Spain and 38% in Italy). The contribution of plant foods was higher in Italy (61%) than in Spain (54%) and the USA (38%). The distribution of the total WF between WFgreen, WFblue, and WFgrey was similar across the dietary patterns. Within each food group, and mainly in the animal-origin food group, the type of product significantly modulated the WF. Conclusions: Different diets can be equally nutritionally sustainable but have different impacts on environmental sustainability. The comparison of their WFs can be the starting point to promote dialogue between nutritionists, operators in the environmental sector, and the agri-food industry to ensure a healthy and balanced approach.
Attachment to Meat and Willingness Towards Cultured Alternatives Among Consumers: A Cross-Sectional Study in the UAE
Authors: Khaleel Sharfa , Osaili Tareq , Abdelrahim Dana N. , Zeb Falak , Naja Farah , Radwan Hadia , Faris MoezAlIslam E. , Hasan Hayder , Cheikh Ismail Leila , Obaid Reyad S. , Hashim Mona , Bani Odeh Wael Ahamd , Mohd Khalid Abdulla , Al Ali Hajer Jassim , Holley Richard A.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The escalating global demand for meat, as a sequela of population growth, has led to unsustainable livestock production, resulting in a host of environmental and food security concerns. Various strategies have been explored to mitigate these issues, including the introduction of a novel food product, cultured meat. Cultured meat is not yet commercially available, yet public perceptions are already taking shape. To better understand the factors influencing its adoption by consumers, a cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted to examine consumer attitudes toward conventional meat and cultured meat among adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: The survey was conducted between December 2023 and March 2024 and used a convenience snowball sampling method. The questionnaire focused on current meat consumption patterns, meat attachment, and willingness to consume cultured meat. Sociodemographic data, including age, sex, education, and self-reported weight and height, were also collected. Results: Results showed that the vast majority (86%) of participants consumed all types of meats, while more than half (59.3%) were unfamiliar with the term “cultured meat”. Despite this unfamiliarity, about one-third (35%) were somewhat willing to try cultured meat, though more than two-thirds (69%) were reluctant to replace conventional meat with cultured meat in their diet. Male participants and those with higher BMIs showed a significantly stronger attachment to conventional meat. Willingness to consume cultured meat was notably higher among participants aged less than 30 years, those having less formal education, and those who are Arabic. Conclusions: These findings suggest that while interest in cultured meat exists, significant barriers remain, particularly regarding consumer education and cultural acceptance.
Effects of High-Intensity Motor Learning and Dietary Supplementation on Motor Skill-Related Physical Fitness in Thin Ethiopian Children Aged 5 to 7 Years: An Exploratory Pilot Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: Teshome Melese Sinaga , Rameckers Eugene , Mingels Sarah , Granitzer Marita , Abessa Teklu Gemechu , Bruckers Liesbeth , Belachew Tefera , Verbecque Evi
Published: December 2024

Background: Malnutrition has extensive consequences, affecting multiple levels of functioning, including motor skill impairments. However, current interventions have mainly focused on dietary treatment, often neglecting motor impairments and relying solely on clinical and anthropometric indicators to assess treatment response. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the combined effect of ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) and high-intensity motor learning (HiML) on motor skill-related physical fitness in children with moderate thinness (MT). Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among children 5–7 years old with MT in Jimma Town. Three schools were randomized to three intervention arms, including a total of 69 children: RUSF (n = 23), RUSF + HiML (n = 25), and no intervention (n = 21). The HiML training was applied for 12 weeks, and RUSF was distributed daily for 12 weeks. HiML was given daily (1 h/day, 5 days/week). The primary outcome was motor skill-related physical fitness assessed at baseline and endline using the performance and fitness test battery (PERF-FIT). The changes from baseline to endline measurements were calculated as differences, and the mean difference in these changes/differences (DID) was then computed as the outcome measure. AN(C)OVA was used to directly investigate differences between groups. Statistical significance was declared at p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: There was a significantly greater and comparable improvement in both the RUSF and RUSF + HiML groups compared to the control group for the ‘stepping’ item (p < 0.001), the ‘side jump’ item (p < 0.001), the ‘standing long jump’ (p < 0.001) and the ‘jumping and hopping’ total (p = 0.005). The RUSF + HiML group showed significantly greater improvements in the ‘bounce and catch’ (p = 0.001) and ‘throw and catch’ (p < 0.001) items compared to the RUSF group, which, in turn, demonstrated greater improvement than the control group in both items (p < 0.01). Conclusions: A 12-week combination of RUSF + HiML was proven to be safe in children with MT and caused clear improvements in motor skill-related physical fitness. When the children received RUSF with HiML training, similar gains in stepping, side jump, standing long jump, and jumping and hopping were observed, except for the ball skills where the HiML training group performed better.
Comprehensive Insights into Monkeypox (mpox): Recent Advances in Epidemiology, Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Guruparan Dhanyashri , Karuppanan Kalimuthu , Kumar K. J. Senthil
Published: December 2024

Monkeypox (mpox) is a viral infection closely related to smallpox, manifesting as a milder febrile rash in affected individuals. Over the past two decades, the incidence of mpox has surged, possibly linked to a declining immunity against the smallpox vaccine worldwide. Recent outbreaks of mpox in multiple countries have sparked concerns regarding altered transmission patterns and the potential for a global menace. In this article, we present a multidimensional review encompassing the latest scientific discoveries, illuminating the intricate structure of the human mpox virus. Key findings include advancements in understanding the virus’s molecular mechanisms, which highlight its genetic adaptability and potential for zoonotic spillover. Diagnostic innovations, such as improved molecular assays, have enhanced detection accuracy, while novel therapeutic strategies, including antiviral drugs and vaccines, show promise in mitigating outbreaks. Our conclusions emphasize the importance of robust surveillance systems, vaccination programs, and rapid response strategies to curb mpox’s spread. Future recommendations include strengthening global collaboration for zoonotic disease surveillance, advancing the research on host–pathogen interactions, and developing next-generation therapeutics to address this emerging public health threat effectively.
Silver N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes as Antimicrobial and/or Anticancer Agents
Authors: Ceramella Jessica , Catalano Alessia , Mariconda Annaluisa , D’Amato Assunta , Aquila Saveria , Saturnino Carmela , Rosano Camillo , Sinicropi Maria Stefania , Longo Pasquale
Published: December 2024

The strict connections/interactions between microbial infections and cancer are nowadays widely accepted. Hence, the dual (or multiple) targeting of microbial infections and cancer is an essential issue to be addressed. In this context, metal complexes have gained considerable importance and effectiveness in medicinal chemistry. Particularly, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes with transition metals have emerged as very promising compounds. Among the myriad of NHC–metal complexes, those bearing silver will be the subject of this review. Numerous Ag(I)-NHC complexes have revealed high antibacterial and/or anticancer properties, even higher than those of reference drugs. Herein, we summarize the most recent studies while also discussing the proposed mechanism of action and offering an interesting remark about the research in this field. Literature databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were used as sources to search the literature, referring to the last five years.
Gegen Qinlian Decoction Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer via Suppressing TLR4 Signaling Pathway Based on Network Pharmacology and In Vivo/In Vitro Experimental Validation
Authors: Xu Yaoyao , Cai Qiaoyan , Zhao Chunyu , Zhang Weixiang , Xu Xinting , Lin Haowei , Lin Yuxing , Chen Daxin , Lin Shan , Jia Peizhi , Wang Meiling , Zhang Ling , Lin Wei
Published: December 2024

Background: Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), is used for intestinal disorders like ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer. But the precise mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects are not fully elucidated. Methods: Use network pharmacology to identify targets and pathways of GQD. In vivo (azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) mouse model) and in vitro (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages) experiments were conducted to explore GQD’s anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. We monitored mouse body weight and disease activity index (DAI), and evaluated colon cancer tissues using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of Ki67 and F4/80 was determined by immunohistochemistry analysis. The protein levels of TLR4 signaling pathway were assessed by western blotting analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining visualized NF-κB and IRF3 translocation. Results: There were 18, 9, 24 and 77 active ingredients in the four herbs of GQD, respectively, targeting 435, 156, 485 and 691 genes. Through data platform analysis, it was concluded that there were 1104 target genes of GQD and 2022 target genes of CAC. Moreover, there were 99 intersecting genes between GQD and CAC. The core targets of GQD contained NFKB1, IL1B, IL6, TLR4, and TNF, and GQD reduced inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway. In vivo experiment, GQD increased mouse body weight, lowered DAI scores, while also alleviating histopathological changes in the colon and decreasing the expressions of Ki67 and F4/80 in the AOM/DSS-induced mice. GQD reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the serum and downregulated TLR4, MyD88, and phosphorylation of IκBα, P65, and IRF3 in the colon tissue from AOM/DSS-induced mice. In vitro, GQD suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR4 signaling pathway in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and combined with TAK242, it further reduced the phosphorylation of IκBα, P65. Conclusions: GQD mitigated CAC by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway, offering a potential therapeutic approach for CAC management.
Development of a Novel Co-Amorphous Curcumin and L-Arginine (1:2): Structural Characterization, Biological Activity and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Mancillas-Quiroz Jose Antonio , Carrasco-Portugal Miriam del Carmen , Mondragón-Vásquez Karina , Huerta-Cruz Juan Carlos , Rodríguez-Silverio Juan , Rodríguez-Vera Leyanis , Reyes-García Juan Gerardo , Flores-Murrieta Francisco Javier , Domínguez-Chávez Jorge Guillermo , Rocha-González Héctor Isaac
Published: December 2024

Background: Curcumin appears to be well tolerated and effective for managing chronic inflammatory pain, but its poor oral bioavailability has been a hurdle in its use as a therapeutic agent. The current study was performed to characterize a novel co-amorphous compound based on curcumin/L-arginine 1:2 (CAC12). Methods: Stability, solubility and structural characterization of the CAC12 were carried out by spectrometry techniques and in vitro assays, whereas the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by CFA or carrageenan models. The mechanism of action was determined by cytokine quantification, and pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained through UPLC-MS/MS. The co-amorphous compound was prepared by fast solvent evaporation. Powder XRD, 13C-NMR, ATR-FTIR and TGA/DSC thermal analysis showed a 1:2 stoichiometry for the CAC12. Results: CAC12 was 1000 times more soluble than curcumin, and it was stable for 1 month at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity or for 60 min in physiological medium at pH 4.5–6.8. Co-amorphous curcumin/L-arginine, but not curcumin + L-arginine, decreased carrageenan- or CFA-induced inflammation and nociception by decreasing IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and CXCL1 cytokines. The bioavailability of free plasmatic curcumin increased about 22.4 times when it was given as CAC12 relative to a phytosome formulation at the equivalent dose. Conclusions: Results suggest the possible use of CAC12 to treat inflammatory pain disorders in human beings.