bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LAS COMPLEJIDADES DE LA SEGURIDAD Y LA SOBERANÍA ALIMENTARIA EN VENEZUELA
Authors: Domínguez Francisco
Published: February 2017

La seguridad y la soberanía alimentarias que normalmente están íntimamente ligadas lo están aun más en Venezuela debido a las características económicas estructurales de esta economía petrolera y, desde 1999, debido a las transformaciones en las que se embarcó esta nación a partir de la inauguración de la Revolución Bolivariana iniciada por Hugo Chávez Frías. La justicia social, especialmente la erradicación de la pobreza, así como también todas las secuelas asociadas con esta lacra tan común en América Latina, tales como la informalidad laboral, la exclusión socio-política de amplias capas de la población pobre e indigente, y sobre todo la mortalidad infantil, la desnutrición y la malnutrición, han sido blancos y objetivos privilegiados del proceso Bolivariano. De allí que la seguridad alimentaria haya sido proclamada como un derecho constitucional, específicamente el Art.305 de la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela consagra el Derecho a la Alimentación como política fundamental de Estado. Los logros en seguridad alimentaria son de destacar, obteniendo Venezuela Bolivariana ya dos reconocimientos oficiales de la FAO. Sin embargo, los logros en soberanía alimentaria, pese a existir son más modestos, siendo el obstáculo principal la estructura económica de alta especialización petrolera por más de un siglo de la economía de esta nación sudamericana. Un segundo obstáculo más contemporáneo pero no por ello menos serio en la consecución no sólo de la soberanía sino que especialmente de la seguridad alimentaria, es la guerra económica, que como en el Chile de Salvador Allende, busca erosionar la base de apoyo político del bolivarianismo por medio del acaparamiento, el contrabando de alimentos, artículos de primera necesidad y combustibles en gran escala, especulación en divisa, y la utilización del fracking para inducir los precios del crudo a niveles de desplome como arma política contra gobiernos y regímenes que Washington detesta. Y, como en Chile, tales planes de desestabilización pueden ser letales.Palabras clave: Seguridad alimentaria, soberanía alimentaria, Venezuela, petróleo, agricultura, bolivarianismo, desnutrición infantil, guerra económica, exclusión social, pobreza, alimentos.
DEMOCRACIA, AUTORITARISMO E IMPERIALISMO: a centralidade da agenda conservadora na política brasileira
Authors: Silva Ilse Gomes
Published: February 2017

O artigo problematiza o processo de crescimento da direita no Brasil, a hegemonia da agenda conservadora no cenário político e as fragilidades da democracia brasileira. Considera que, na atualidade, a cena política está marcada pelo crescimento da presença de amplos setores da direita nas ruas, disputando o apoio da população para os seus temas conservadores e autoritários. Argumenta que essa direita tem demonstrado força e tem pautado o debate político ancorada no resultado das eleições de 2014 que conferiu ao Congresso Nacional e às políticas governamentais um caráter conservador e autoritário que coloca em discussão o exercício da democracia no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Democracia, autoritarismo.
BREVES REFLEXÕES SOBRE O PADRÃO (NEO)DESENVOLVIMENTISTA NO BRASIL: expressões regionais, trabalho e produção
Authors: Lustosa Maria das Graças Osório Pitombeira , Santos Raysa Besighini
Published: February 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para o debate sobre as atuais tendências do padrão capitalista de desenvolvimento brasileiro frente aos ajustes estruturais e a crise da centralidade do trabalho no contexto neoliberal, seus imperativos econômicos, sociais e políticos no mundo do trabalho e a produção de novas expressões à questão social. Enfoca algumas particularidades regionais com ênfase no Rio de Janeiro. Considera que o modelo “(neo)-neodesenvolvimentista” reafirma propósitos de “crescimento econômico” num padrão “capitalista dependente”e formas de exploração do trabalho que reiteram desigualdades sociais e regionais nessa nova divisão nacional e internacional do trabalho.Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento regional, neodesenvolvimentismo, trabalho, direitos.
APORTES DA TEORIA SOCIAL DE MARX E DA TRADIÇÃO MARXISTA PARA PENSAR O SERVIÇO SOCIAL EM SUA CONFIGURAÇÃO TOTALIZANTE NO BRASIL CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Cardoso Franci Gomes
Published: February 2017

O objeto de reflexão deste texto refere-se aos aportes da teoria social de Marx e da tradição marxista, para pensar o Serviço Social em sua configuração totalizante no Brasil contemporâneo. Recupera categorias fundamentais da teoria social de Marx (história, totalidade, contradição e práxis), além de fazer uma abordagem sobre o ser social, pela importante relação que esse teórico revolucionário estabelece entre esse ser e o método utilizado pelo sujeito que se dispõe a captá-lo no pensamento. Para refletir sobre o Serviço Social em sua configuração totalizante, privilegia as categorias história e totalidade, sem dispensar as suas conexões com as demais.Palavras-chave: Ser social, história, totalidade, contradição e práxis.
A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL (EA) NUM TEMPO DE TRAVESSIAS: desafios da EA crítica frente ao ideário de políticas desenvolvimentistas em Itaguaí/RJ
Authors: Plácido Patrícia de Oliveira , Castro Elza Maria Neffa Vieira de
Published: February 2017

Fruto de diálogos entre dois grupos de pesquisas (GEPEADS/UFRRJ e ERA/UERJ) referentes a uma tese de doutorado (PPGMA/UERJ), este estudoreflete acerca dos desafios da EA crítica frente ao ideário das políticas desenvolvimentistas em territórios marcados por expansão urbano-industrial. A abordagem metodológica é qualitativa inspirada nos pressupostos do materialismo histórico-dialético e da Ecologia Política, com estudo de caso sobre o município de Itaguaí/RJ.A análise dos dados transcorreu à luz da EA crítica e da justiça ambiental. Percebe-se que as práticas de EA - fundamentadas em políticas públicas desenvolvimentistas e em concepções conservadoras de EA - são instrumentos de manutenção social.Palavras-chave: Educação ambiental crítica, políticas desenvolvimentistas, Itaguaí/RJ.
LA REVOLUCIÓN CUBANA EN UN NUEVO CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO
Authors: Ríos Olga Fernández
Published: February 2017

Se analizan importantes factores y contradicciones que influyen en el avance de la Revolución Cubana a partir de los acuerdos adoptados por el VI Congreso del Partido Comunista (PCC), celebrado en 2011. El Congreso ratificó la estrategia de desarrollo socialista y la implementación de un nuevo modelo de desarrollo económico y social que rompe con estructuras y prácticas estadocentristas que predominaron en el llamado “socialismo real”, y a la vez que ratificó la propiedad estatal sobre los más importantes medios de producción, amplío las formas no estatales de propiedad y gestión económica.  Todo ello introduce cambios en la estructura socioclasista y en el modo de construir el socialismo, lo que genera nuevos desafíos para garantizar la continuidad de la transición socialista. Se trata de un nuevo contexto histórico en el que institucionalidad y participación popular deben fortalecerse para garantizar la permanente renovación de la hegemonía socialista.Palabras clave: Transición socialista, Sexto Congreso del PCC, modelos de desarrollo, neodesarrollismo, desafíos sociopolíticos
Childhood Maltreatment, Public Service System Contact, and Preventable Death in Young Adulthood
Authors: Jonson-Reid Melissa , Drake Brett , Kohl Patricia L.
Published: February 2017

Data from a longitudinal cohort study of low-income children reported for maltreatment matched to similarly poor nonreported children were used to examine intentional and unintentional injury deaths in young adulthood. The goal was to examine the unique contribution of maltreatment history and identify other potential systems for preventive efforts. Maltreatment reports were associated with increased risk of injury-related death per 6-month intervals (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09, p < .05). Young adults with histories of both status offenses and delinquent offenses were at greater risk for later death (HR = 2.24, p < .05) as were those with histories of emergency room (ER) treatment for intentional injury prior to age 18 years (HR =3.95, p < .05). More than 50% of the deaths were firearm-related; nearly all firearm deaths occurred among Black youth. Implications for prevention within at-risk populations are discussed.
The Bystander Approach to Sexual Assault Risk Reduction: Effects on Risk Recognition, Perceived Self-Efficacy, and Protective Behavior
Authors: Bannon R. Sean , Foubert John D.
Published: February 2017

Several characteristics of sexual assault awareness programs for women are associated with meeting the goals of risk reduction. To date, the literature lacks an exploration of how single-sex programs affect women, particularly when they take a bystander intervention focus using women’s risk recognition and avoidance as outcome measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of The Women’s Program (Foubert, 2011), a sexual assault awareness program geared toward women. Participants consisted of 103 undergraduate women attending a large, public university in the Midwest United States. Women in the treatment group viewed a presentation of The Women’s Program, whereas the control group received no intervention. Consistent with hypotheses, program participants reported a greater ability to recognize risk cues, a greater willingness to engage in self-protective behaviors, and a greater level of perceived self-efficacy in handling threatening dating situations compared to the control group.
Sexual Assault and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Lower-Income Rural Women: The Mediating Role of Self-Worth
Authors: Dodd Julia , Littleton Heather
Published: February 2017

Sexual victimization is associated with risky sexual behaviors. Limited research has examined mechanisms via which victimization affects risk behaviors, particularly following different types of sexual victimization. This study examined self-worth as a mediator of the relationship between sexual victimization history: contact childhood sexual abuse (CSA), completed rape in adolescence/adulthood (adolescent/adulthood sexual assault [ASA]), and combined CSA/ASA, and two sexual risk behaviors: past year partners and one-time encounters. Participants were diverse (57.9% African American), low-income women recruited from an OB-GYN waiting room (n = 646). Women with a history of sexual victimization, 29.8% (n = 186) reported lower self-worth, t(586) = 5.26, p < .001, and more partners, t(612) = 2.45, p < .01, than nonvictims. Self-worth was a significant mediator only among women with combined CSA/ASA histories in both risk behavior models.
Cognitive Dissonance About Thought–Action Fusion Beliefs Improves and Maintains the Effects of Thought–Action Fusion-Specific Psychoeducation
Authors: Ching Terence H.W. , Tang Catherine S.
Published: February 2017

The effects of psychoeducation on thought–action fusion (TAF) beliefs are understudied. We tested whether adding mock electroencephalography (EEG)-based computer trials that induce cognitive dissonance about TAF beliefs, prior to TAF-specific psychoeducation, would enhance and maintain the reduction of TAF beliefs. An unselected sample of 140 Singaporean undergraduates (89 females, 51 males) was randomly assigned to a combined intervention, TAF-specific psychoeducation-only, or control group. Self-report measures of TAF beliefs and cognitive dissonance about TAF beliefs were administered 4 times in the initial session, and once at 1-month follow-up. Findings included the following: (a) greatest cognitive dissonance about TAF beliefs in the initial session with the combined intervention; (b) greater reduction in TAF beliefs in the initial session in both intervention groups, compared with the control group; and (c) incremental reduction in TAF beliefs in the initial session and maintenance at 1-month follow-up with the combined intervention. Cognitive dissonance should be investigated extensively in other aspects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) procedures for TAF beliefs (e.g., behavioral experiments, exposure, and response prevention) to determine whether it contributes to therapeutic change with these techniques. Our combined intervention procedure should also be examined for relevant psychopathology (e.g., obsessive-compulsive symptoms).
Examination of the Contribution of Ruminative Thinking and Maladaptive Self-Beliefs to Social Anxiety
Authors: Kissell Kellie , Rodriguez Hayley , Lucas Lloyd , Fisak Brian
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contribution of 3 components of the Clark and Wells (1995) model to social anxiety symptoms. In particular, based on theory and previous research, it was hypothesized that the association between post-event processing and social anxiety and between anticipatory anxiety and social anxiety would be mediated by maladaptive self-beliefs. To test this hypothesis, a large, nonclinical sample of young adults completed a measure of anticipatory processing, post-event processing, maladaptive self-beliefs, and social anxiety. Based on a structural equation modeling approach, full mediation was found between post-event processing and social anxiety, and partial mediation was found between anticipatory processing and social anxiety. Overall, the results contribute to the literature by elucidating cognitive processes that may lead to the development and maintenance of social anxiety symptoms.
Diet and Doubt: A Clinical Case Study of Inference-Based Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Lalonde Magali Purcell , O’Connor Kieron , St-Pierre-Delorme Marie-Eve , Perreault Valérie , Wilson Samantha
Published: February 2017

There is a recognized overlap between eating disorders (EDs) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in terms of diagnosis, phenomenology, epidemiology, and psychological characteristics related to the disorder. In light of these similarities, a cognitive inference-based therapy (IBT) program, shown to be effective in treating OCD, was adapted for EDs. This case study describes the application of IBT treatment for a 35-year-old woman diagnosed with bulimia nervosa who also demonstrated overvalued ideation related to her body weight and shape. Over a 20-week period, the client’s ED pathology significantly decreased. Notably, the frequency of binge episodes was reduced by 90% from pre- to posttreatment and by 100% at 6-month follow-up. Significant reductions were also observed in dietary restriction and overvalued ideation. This case study has important implications for the treatment of individuals with both an ED and strong overvalued ideas.
After Dr. Manthey Left Town: What Happened When a Busy Mom Was Inspired to Host Her First Nursing Salon
Authors: Belcik Kim
Published: February 2017

A busy nurse-mom describes her experience of being inspired to host her first nursing salon after attending a “mass” nursing salon by Dr. Marie Manthey at the Texas Nurses Association House of Delegates.
Workplace Violence Against Nurses: Vhembe District Hospitals, South Africa
Authors: Madzhadzhi Livhuwani Precious , Akinsola Henry Abayomi , Mabunda Jabu , Oni Helen Tosin
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Work-related violence is a common problem worldwide. In South Africa, the Medical Research Council conducted a study on workplace violence in the health care industry and reported that most respondents had experienced it in different forms. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the types and causes of workplace violence toward nurses in Thulamela hospitals, Vhembe district. Methods: The study employed a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional design. The target population was all nurses working in one regional and two district hospitals in the municipality. The sample consisted of 100 randomly selected participants from each hospital giving a total sample size of 300. Prior to the data collection, an ethical clearance and written informed consent were obtained from each participant. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Analysis was done using SPSS Version 20.0. Results: The study revealed that 85% of the respondents (255) had experienced workplace violence in the last 12 months with a range of 95% for threats to 60% for bullying. Regarding the gender of the perpetrators, females (71%) were the main perpetrators. Conclusion: This study concludes that workplace violence is a major occupational health issue in the district, most especially among the psychiatric nurses.
Care Coordination From a Strengths Perspective: A Practice-Based Evidence Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Monsen Karen A. , Vanderboom Catherine E. , Olson Kirstie S. , Larson Mary E. , Holland Diane E.
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose: It is critical to accurately represent strengths interventions to improve data and enable intervention effectiveness research from a strengths perspective. However, it is challenging to understand strengths interventions from the multiple perspectives of computerized knowledge representation, evidence-based practice guidelines, and practice-based evidence narratives. Intervention phrases abstracted from nurse care coordinator practice narratives described strengths interventions with community-dwelling elders. This project aims were to (a) compare nurse care coordinator use of evidence-based interventions as described in the two guidelines (what to do and how to do it), (b) analyze nurse care coordinator intervention tailoring (individualized care), and (c) evaluate the usefulness of the Omaha System for comparison of narrative phrases to evidence-based guidelines. Methods: Phrases from expert nurse care coordinators were mapped to the Omaha System for comparison with the guidelines interventions and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Venn diagrams were used to visually depict intervention overlap between the guidelines and the phrases. Results: Empirical evaluation of 66 intervention phrases mapped to 14 problems using 3 category terms and 19 target terms showed alignment between guidelines and the phrases, with the most overlap across two guidelines and the phrases in categories, and the most diversity in care descriptions. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the value in having both standardized guidelines and expert clinicians who see the whole person and can synthesize and apply guidelines in tailored ways. There is potential to create a feedback loop between practice-based evidence and evidence-based practice by expanding this approach to use of practice-generated Omaha System data as practice-based evidence. Further research is needed to refine and advance the use of these methods with additional practices and guidelines.
Ambiguity Within Nursing Practice: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis
Authors: McMahon Michelle A. , Dluhy Nancy M.
Published: February 2017

Purpose:To analyze the concept of ambiguity in a nursing context.Background:Ambiguity is inherent within nursing practice. As health care becomes increasingly complex, nurses must continue to successfully deal with greater amounts of clinical ambiguity. Although ambiguity is discussed in nursing, minimal concept refinement exists to capture the contextual intricacies from a nursing lens. Nurse perception of an ambiguous clinical event, in combination with nurse tolerance level for ambiguity, can impact nurse response. Yet, little is known about what constitutes ambiguity within nursing practice (AWNP).Method:Rodgers evolutionary method was used to explore AWNP, with emphasis on nurse thinking during ambiguous clinical situations. Literature searches across multiple databases yielded 38 articles for analysis.Results:Attributesof AWNP include (a) variations in cues/available information, (b) multiple interpretations, (c) novel/nonroutine presentations, and (d) unpredictable.Antecedentsinclude (a) a context-specific, clinical situation with ambiguous features needing evaluation and (b) an individual to sense a knowledge gap or perceive ambiguity.Consequencesinclude ranges of (a) emotional, (b) behavioral, and (c) cognitive clinician responses.Conclusion:Preliminary findings support AWNP as a distinct concept in which ambiguity perceived by the nurse likely affects judgment, decision making, and clinical interventions. AWNP is a clinically relevant concept requiring continued development.
Does It Matter What You Call It? Lay Beliefs for Overcoming Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, and Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: McDermott Mark R. , Bendle Chris , Griffin Murray , Furnham Adrian
Published: February 2017

The study reported here examines variation in beliefs about how best to overcome a health complaint when it is nominally designated in one of 3 different ways, namely, as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), or as post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS). In a repeated measures design, the participant sample (n= 140) was presented with an adapted version of Knapp and Karabenick’s (1985) questionnaire which asks respondents to rate the degree to which single-item coping strategies would be most useful for overcoming each of the 3 designated complaints. Factor analysis of the coping items produces 3 groups of items as belief components: “self-reliance,” “seeking help,” and “external control.” The chronic fatigue syndrome appellation invoked significantly higher scores on the self-reliance factor and on external control than did the other two diagnostic labels. However, seeking help was considered to be the most important strategy for overcoming all three of the designated incarnations of the condition. In conclusion, “chronic fatigue syndrome” is the linguistic construction that bestows the most beneficial outlook for assisting individuals to overcome this complaint. Thereby, the use of this descriptor in current medical nomenclatures arguably is well placed.
Theranostic Probes for Targeting Tumor Microenvironment: An Overview
Authors: Sikkandhar Musafar Gani , Nedumaran Anu Maashaa , Ravichandar Roopa , Singh Satnam , Santhakumar Induja , Goh Zheng Cong , Mishra Sachin , Archunan Govindaraju , Gulyás Balázs , Padmanabhan Parasuraman
Published: February 2017

Long gone was the time when tumors were thought to be insular masses of cells, residing independently at specific sites in an organ. Now, researchers gradually realize that tumors interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), blood vessels, connective tissues and immune cells in their environment, which is now known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). It is found that the interactions between tumors and their surrounding promote tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. The dynamics and diversity of TME cause the tumors to be heterogeneous and thus pose a challenge for cancer diagnosis, drug design and therapy. As TME is significant in enhancing tumor progression, it is vital to identify the different components in the TME. This review explores how different factors in the TME supply tumors with the required growth factors and signaling molecules to proliferate, invade and metastasis. We also examine the development of TME-targeted nanotheranostics over the recent years for cancer therapy, diagnosis and anticancer drug delivery system. This review further discusses the limitations and future perspective of nanoparticle based theranostics when used in combination with current imaging modalities like Optical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Nuclear Imaging (PET and SPECT).
A System-of-Systems Framework for Improved Human, Ecologic and Economic Well-Being
Authors: Genaidy Ash M. , Huston Ronald L. , Dionysiou Dion D. , Karwowski Waldemar
Published: February 2017

It is postulated in this research that the paradox of “advances in technology and management not keeping pace with the ever-increasing urban problems” is due to the poor understanding of person-focused governance of societal, environmental and economic entities. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present an adaptive institutional model of person-driven effectiveness and ineffectiveness. The model proposes that human, ecologic and economic outcomes are heavily influenced by a complex system of systems, spanning from individually unique “non-physical influencers” to a broader set of social and environmental influencers that have a common impact on the larger society-environment-economy (SEE) system. At the heart of the model is an analytic formulation that explains the phenomena of non-physical blocker, enhancer and indifferent that are responsible for the adaptation and maladaptation of social agents, and accordingly for the sustainability and unsustainability of SEE systems. Examples are provided to illustrate the model applications: (a) the non-physical and maladaptive syndromes as antecedents of multi-morbidity and (b) the broadened and narrowed minds as sources of sustainability and unsustainability at the SEE system level within the context of emerging technologies such as engineered nanomaterials.
Rotational Knee Instability in ACL-Deficient Knees
Authors: Noyes Frank R. , Huser Lauren E. , Levy Martin S.
Published: February 2017

Background:

The anterolateral ligament (ALL) has been proposed as a primary restraint for knee rotational stability. However, the data remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ALL and the iliotibial band (ITB) on knee rotational stability.

Methods:

A 6-degrees-of-freedom robotic simulator was used to test 14 fresh-frozen cadaveric knee specimens. There were 4 testing conditions: intact, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-sectioned, ACL and ALL or ITB-sectioned (determined at random), and ACL and both ALL and ITB-sectioned. Lateral, central, and medial tibiofemoral compartment translations and internal tibial rotations were measured under 100-N anterior drawer (Lachman), 5-Nm internal rotation torque, and 2 pivot-shift simulations (Pivot Shift 1 was 5 Nm of internal rotation torque, and Pivot Shift 2 was 1 Nm of internal rotation torque). Statistical equivalence within 2 mm and 2° was defined as p < 0.05.

Results:

Sectioning the ACL alone produced increased pivot shift and Lachman compartment translations (p > 0.05). Further sectioning of either the ALL or the ITB separately produced minor added increases in pivot-shift compartment translations and tibial internal rotations (<2 mm or <3°) in the ACL-deficient knee. Sectioning both the ALL and ITB produced increases not equivalent to the ACL-deficient knee in pivot-shift lateral compartment translations (4.4 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 6.1 mm [p = 0.99] for Pivot Shift 1 and 4.3 mm; 95% CI, 2.6 to 6.0 mm [p = 0.99] for Pivot Shift 2), with 10 of 14 knees being converted to a corresponding Grade-3 pivot-shift (>20 mm of lateral translation). Increases in internal rotation after ALL and ITB sectioning occurred at 25°, 60°, and 90° (p = 0.99 for all) and ranged from 1° to 12°, with 21% of the knees having 8° to 12° increases.

Conclusions:

With ACL sectioning, a positive pivot-shift anterior subluxation occurred even with intact ALL and ITB structures, which indicates that the latter are not primary restraints but function together as anterolateral secondary restraints. With ACL deficiency, concurrent loss of the ALL and ITB resulted in conversion in a majority of knees (71%) to a Grade-3 pivot-shift subluxation, along with major increases of internal rotation in select knees.

Clinical Relevance:

With ACL rupture, major increases in rotational instability are not adequately resisted by native ALL or ITB structures. Therefore, anatomic ALL or ITB surgical reconstruction would not block a positive pivot shift. The potential protective effects of ACL graft-unloading from these structures require further study.
Long-Term Results After Total Knee Arthroplasty with Contemporary Rotating-Hinge Prostheses
Authors: Cottino Umberto , Abdel Matthew P. , Perry Kevin I. , Mara Kristin C. , Lewallen David G. , Hanssen Arlen D.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a rotating-hinge prosthesis is considered a salvage procedure. While excellent immediate stability is achieved, the historically high failure rate has tempered its use. The goal of this study was to determine clinical outcomes, radiographic results, and survivorship after TKA with contemporary rotating-hinge components.

Methods:

We identified 408 consecutive TKAs performed with rotating-hinge components for nononcologic indications from 2002 to 2012 at a single academic institution. Two hundred and sixty-four knees (65%) had rotating-hinge TKA components implanted for aseptic etiologies, while 144 knees (35%) were managed with the components in 2-stage reimplantation following infection. Rotating-hinge TKA implants were used for complex primary procedures in 74 knees (18%) and as a revision construct in 334 knees (82%). Clinical outcomes were assessed with the Knee Society scoring system, survivorship analyses, and cumulative incidence of revision. The mean age of the patients at the time of the index arthroplasty was 69 years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 4 years (range, 2 to 12 years).

Results:

At the most recent follow-up, the mean Knee Society knee score had increased from 51 points preoperatively to 81 points (p < 0.0001), and the mean Knee Society functional score had increased from 26 to 36 points (p < 0.0001). At a mean of 4 years, loosening of components was observed in 13 (3.7%) of 349 knees. At the most recent follow-up, 59 revision procedures and 25 reoperations had been performed. The cumulative incidence of any revision was 9.7% at 2 years and 22.5% at 10 years. The cumulative incidence of revision for aseptic loosening was 1.7% at 2 years and 4.5% at 10 years. Metaphyseal cones were used in 114 knees (28%). Survivorship analysis revealed a trend toward a lower risk of revision (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39 to 1.22; p = 0.20) and reoperation (HR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.22 to 1.19; p = 0.12) in patients with metaphyseal cones, despite their use in the most severe of bone defects.

Conclusions:

Contemporary rotating-hinge TKA implants had a low 10-year cumulative incidence of revision for aseptic loosening of 4.5%. Greater use of metaphyseal fixation has aided this improvement. Patients can expect substantial improvements in clinical outcomes with this revision strategy.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Measures of the Appropriateness of Elective Orthopaedic Joint and Spine Procedures
Authors: Katz Jeffrey N. , Winter Amelia R. , Hawker Gillian
Published: February 2017

Total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty are 2 of the most commonly performed elective orthopaedic procedures. They are remarkably successful in relieving pain and improving function in individuals with advanced, symptomatic arthritis. Since, in addition to providing benefits, these procedures pose risks, it is important to provide clinicians with guidance in determining which patients should undergo total joint replacement surgery. The development of the RAND approach in 1986 and its application to total hip and knee replacement have enabled clinicians, payers, and others to assess the appropriateness of past and current procedures for particular patients. However, current appropriateness criteria for elective orthopaedic procedures have important limitations that suggest that they be used cautiously. New approaches to the assessment of appropriateness that overcome many of these limitations are under development.
Sports Medicine Roundtable: Management of a Chronic Retracted Rotator Cuff Tear in a Middle-Aged Woman with Intact Articular Cartilage
Authors: Cloutier Dagan , Hazzard Sean , Dowell Charles , Downie Brian , Collins Larry
Published: February 2017

The purpose of the JOPA Roundtable discussions is to give orthopaedic PAs insight on how each participating PA would treat certain clinical scenarios at their current practice. For this Sports Medicine Roundtable, JOPA Editor Dagan Cloutier, PA-C, asked JOPA Editorial Board members with expertise in sports medicine questions about the following case: a 58-year-old woman who presented with chronic shoulder pain, an irreparable rotator cuff tear, and minimal arthritis. Their responses regarding nonoperative and operative treatments are presented below.
Keragaman Genetika Empat Belas Aksesi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Berdasarkan Marka SSR dan STS (Genetic Diversity of Fourteen Potato Accessions Based on SSR and STS Markers)
Authors: Nugroho Kristianto , Reflinur Reflinur , Lestari Puji , Rosdianti Ida , Terryana Rerenstradika T. , Kusmana Kusmana , Tasma I Made
Published: February 2017

Potato is one of high economically horticultural plant. The increasing of national consumption of potato becomes a challenge for
potato breeders. The success of breeding programs is depending on availability of genetic diversity. The aim of this research was
to analyze the genetic diversity of fourteen accessions of potato by using SSR and STS markers. PCR analysis was scored as biner
data and the collected data was analyzed using NTSYS and PowerMarker. The result showed that there were 63% polymorphic
(12 markers) of total markers. As many as 60 alleles with the size of 200–500 bp were identified by a range of 2–9 alleles per
locus. The polymorphism level was 0.59 (0.36–0.74). Result also showed the average of major allele frequency was 49.42%
(35.71–63.64%). Nine markers which have polymorphism level more than 0.5 could be used to detect genetic diversity of potato.
The average of genetic diversity index was 0.65. Cluster analysis showed that 14 accessions of potato were split in two groups
(coefficient 0.70). The first groups consisted of Atlantik, GM 05, Granola Kembang Merbabu 17, and the second groups consist of
Repita, Maglia, Medians, CIP397078.7, CIP392781.1, Margahayu, Granola, CIP394613.139, Amabile, and Tenggo. The information
of genetic diversity of this germplasm could be used as a preliminary basis for choosing crossing parents in potato breeding in
Indonesia.
Status Perkembangan Perbaikan Sifat Genetik Padi Menggunakan Transformasi Agrobacterium
Authors: Rahmawati Syamsidah
Published: February 2017

Genetic transformation of rice becomes an important research area in recent years. Rice is staple food for almost half of world population and has been extensively used as a plant model system for monocotyledonous plant. Compare to direct DNA transfer techniques (PEG, electroporation, and DNA bombardment), Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was considered to be more advantageous because it is easy to handle, integration and segregation pattern are more predictable, and the likelihood to get transgenic plant with low copy number is high, thus decreasing gene silencing phenomena. Various important genes have been introduced into rice genome via Agrobacterium transformation. A number of important factors affecting the Agrobacterium transformation and the application of this technique in the next future will be discussed.
Parameter Genetik Jagung Populasi Bisma pada Pemupukan Berbeda. I. Ragam Aditif-Dominan Bobot Biji Jagung
Authors: Sutoro Sutoro , Bari Abdul , Subandi Subandi , Yahya Sudirman
Published: February 2017

New maize varieties could be obtained through improvement of their plant populations. The method used in selection in the crop improvement was based on values of their genetic parameters. Bisma is one of the maize varieties that has a broad genetic background. New maize varieties could be obtained by improving their population through selection under different environmental conditions. Genetic parameter value were estimated by conducting an experiment under NCD II crossing at Bogor. Twenty seven sets, which were developed from three females and three males of S1 as parents of each set, were evaluated under three different fertilization schemes. Results of the experiment showed that the additive genetic variance was significantly different from zero, and so among the different levels of fertilizer applications. The dominant variances was not significant under the three different levels of fertilization applications. The additive genetic variance was lower under the low level of fertilizer application than that on the higher level of fertilization application. This might be due to the scale effect. To reduce effect of scale, the data were transformed by dividing the grand mean value. After the data transformation, the genetic variance under the low level of fertilizer application tended to be greater than that under the higher level of fertilizer application. There was a tendency that population improvement of Bisma variety could be achieved better under lower level of fertilizer applications than under the higher ones.
In Vitro Culture Manipulation on Pruatjan for Secondary Metabolite Production
Authors: Roostika Ika , Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi , Darwati Ireng , Mariska Ika
Published: February 2017

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk. atau Pimpinella
alpina KDS.) adalah tanaman obat langka yang dapat dimanfaatkan
sebagai bahan obat afrodisik, diuretik, dan tonik.
Kultur in vitro tidak hanya dapat digunakan untuk konservasi
dan perbanyakan tanaman, melainkan dapat juga diterapkan
untuk produksi metabolit sekunder. Melalui teknik ini,
produksi metabolit sekunder tidak bergantung kepada sumber
tanaman di lapang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan
untuk meningkatkan kadar stigmasterol melalui kultur in
vitro dengan menggunakan prekursor asam mevalonat. Penelitian
dibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu induksi kalus dan
manipulasi kultur in vitro untuk meningkatkan kadar stigmasterol.
Pada tahap induksi kalus, terdapat 16 perlakuan yang
merupakan kombinasi perlakuan 2,4-D dan pikloram
masing-masing pada taraf 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 ppm. Untuk
meningkatkan kadar stigmasterol, digunakan asam mevalonat
pada taraf 0, 250, 500, dan 750 ppm dengan masa inkubasi
selama 4 dan 6 minggu. Kandungan stigmasterol dianalisis
menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa media P2 (DKW + 2,4-D 0,5 ppm + pikloram 1,0
ppm) adalah media terbaik untuk induksi kalus. Eksplan daun
lebih baik daripada eksplan petiol. Hasil analisis GC-MS
menunjukkan bahwa kandungan stigmasterol tertinggi
(0,0356 ppm) diperoleh dari kalus dengan masa inkubasi 4
minggu pada media dengan penambahan asam mevalonat
250 ppm. Peningkatan taraf asam mevalonat tidak mampu
meningkatkan kandungan stigmasterol. Kadar tersebut mirip
dengan kandungan stigmasterol pada planlet dari Gunung
Putri (0,0365 ppm) dan Dieng (0,0414 ppm). Dibandingkan
dengan kadarnya dalam akar tanaman dari lapang, kandungan
tersebut sekitar 10-100 kali lipat lebih tinggi.
Induksi Kalus dan Regenerasi Beberapa Genotipe Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) secara In Vitro
Authors: Sisharmini Atmitri , Apriana Aniversari , Sustiprijatno Sustiprijatno
Published: February 2017

Callus Induction and In Vitro Plant Regeneration of
Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.). Atmitri
Sisharmini, Aniversari Apriana, and Sustiprijatno. Development
of a reliable in vitro plant regeneration procedure for
wheat is a prerequisite for its improvement by genetic transformation.
The purpose of this study was to obtain methods
of callus induction and regeneration of wheat genotypes.
This experiment was conducted at ICABIOGRAD. Immature
embryos from four wheat genotypes, ie Perdix, Naxos Wew,
Combi and Fasan were used to induce callus formation and
regeneration rate of callus. For the preparation of callus
induction medium, MS-L7 basal medium was supplemented
with combination of growth regulators 2,4 dichlorophenoxy
acetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid
(picloram). While, plant regeneration medium was prepared
using MS basal medium supplemented with combination of
three growth regulators i.e. IAA, BAP and kinetin. The results
showed that genotype, in vitro culture medium and growth
regulators played a dominant role in callus induction and
plantlet regeneration. All the 4 genotypes responded positively
to callus induction, however, variability was observed
not only among the genotypes but also within callus
induction medium used. The best induction medium was
the MS-L7 basal medium supplemented with combination of
phytohormon 4 mg/l 2,4-D + 2 mg/l picloram (GIK-3) which
showed 100% callus induction frequency. Whereas, the best
regeneration medium was shown by MS basal medium with
combination of phytohormon 1.5 mg/l BAP dan 0.5 mg/l
kinetin (RG3). Regarding plant regeneration, Perdix was the
most responsive genotype to be regenerated with regeneration
frequency of 57.33%. The successfully acclimatized
planlets in greenhouse were obtained from Perdix and
Naxos Wew genotypes. These results will potentially facilitate
genetic transformation research of wheat in Indonesia.
Purifikasi dan Karakterisasi α-amilase Termostabil dari Bacillus stearothermophilus TII-12
Authors: Lestari Puji , Richana Nur , Darwis Abdul Aziz , Syamsu Khaswar , Murdiyatmo Untung
Published: February 2017

Purification and Characterization of Thermostable
α-amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus TII-12. Puji
Lestari, Nur Richana, Abdul A. Darwis, Khaswar Syamsu,
and Untung Murdiyatmo. Thermostable α-amylase is a
potential enzyme employed in the starch processing and
widely used in food industries, but this enzyme is still
imported. The local enzyme production would be more
economist and useful for its broad applications. Here we
report α-amylase from indigenous bacteria TII-12 which was
purified and characterized, as well as analyzed its hydrolysis
product on cassava starch. The enzyme of Bacillus
stearothermophilus TII-12 partially purified by ultrafiltration,
acetone precipitation and gel filtration (Sephadex G-100)
showed the reduced total activity, total protein and yield, but
increased the specific activity. The enzyme had a Km of 1,06
mg/ml and Vmax of 1,21 mol/min, with optimal activity at pH 7
and 90oC. An apparent molecular mass was of 192.932,8
Dalton, as estimated by Native-Polyacrylamide Agarose Gel
electrophoresis. Its activity was inhibited by the divalent
cation chelator such as EDTA and CuSO4 but activated by
calcium ion. Hydrolysis products of this enzyme on cassava
starch were glucose, dextrin, maltose and oligosaccharides.
After 24 hours of hydrolysis, the concentration of glucose
and maltose reached 51.970 and 10.090 ppm, respectively.
The thermostable α-amylase of TII-12 is an endo-α-amylase
and prospective to be applied on starch liquefaction with
high temperature process.
Identifikasi Perubahan Karakter Agronomis Padi Transgenik Penanda Aktivasi cv. Asemandi Generasi T1
Authors: Sisharmini Atmitri , Apriana Aniversari , Nurmaliki Diah , Santoso Tri Joko , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R.
Published: February 2017

The activation-tagged populations of transgenic rice cv.
Asemandi have been developed by introducing construct of
activation taq Ac/Ds into rice genom of cv. Asemandi. The T1
transgenic rice populations cv. Asemandi containing
construct of activation taq have been obtained and needed
to be characterized. This study aimed to identify the Basta
herbicide resistant plants, transgenic plants containing hpt
and bar genes, and changes in agronomic traits. Basta
resistant plant was identified by treating leaf with basta
solution. Hpt and bar genes were detected by PCR using
specific primers. Phenotype characters were identified by
observing and measuring their agronomic parameters. The
study results showed that out of 315 rice transgenic cv.
Asemandi T1 treated with Basta solution, 176 (55.87%) plants
were indicated to be resistant to Basta. The results of PCR
analysis revealed that eight rice transgenic cv. Asemandi
tested contained both hpt and bar genes. In general,
compared to the nontransgenic plants, there were changes
in several agronomic parameters of T1 transgenic plants cv.
Asemandi, including plant height, days to flowering, days to
harvesting, periods of grain filling, and weight of 100 grains.
Correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation
between days of harvesting to weight of 100 grains in
transgenic rice, but there was correlation in nontransgenic
rice. Transgenic rice plants cv. Asemandi with changes in
the agronomic characters will be useful for further study,
such as to analyze the function of the genes.
Overcoming Challenges of Stimulating a Deepwater Frac-Pack-Completed Well in the Gulf of Mexico Using Coiled Tubing with Real-Time Downhole Measurements
Authors: Gagen Eric J. , Menkhaus Alex D.
Published: February 2017

Achieving effective fluid coverage of stimulation operations in deepwater frac-pack completions is often challenging due to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the length of screened intervals, the uncertainty of damage mechanisms, and the ability of diversion materials/fluids to divert beyond the screens and into the formation. This case study demonstrates a successful technique used in conditions not previously attempted.

This treatment in a deepwater, frac-packed well with fiber-optic-equipped coiled tubing (CT) and a rotating, hydraulic high-pressure jetting tool achieved the successful stimulation of a 500-ft-long frac-packed zone after several previous failures using different techniques. By using a CT equipped with fiber optics and downhole measurement tools, engineers were able to perform a data-driven operation based on real-time bottomhole measurements and distributed temperature surveys.

This successful treatment improved productivity by 75% compared to the well before treatment. Typically, treatments of this nature are investigated and techniques for a field or region are refined over the course of multiple stimulation operations of large numbers of similar wells in the area. However, in deep water, most fields have only a very small number of wells. The costs associated with gaining wellbore access to conduct an acid treatment and with handling produced stimulation fluids are very large compared with costs in other geographic areas. Each individual well has a high productivity, and improper stimulation is an enormously costly lost opportunity for the operator. This makes it very important to ensure that every job is performed as optimally as possible, without resort to iterative or empirical methods. This method increases the opportunity to produce a successful treatment the first time and expands the technical envelope of application. These enhancements should allow other operations of this type to be conducted that previously would have been too high risk to consider.

This was a high-pressure application compared to previous operations. It was one of the longest fiber optic cables injected into a CT reel. Modifications were made to the CT reel to support the expanded weight. A stronger type of fiber optic carrier had to be utilized. A customized testing and validation procedure had to be used to extend the operating envelope of the fiber-optic-enabled downhole tools to perform reliably.