bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insulin Resistance Markers in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bîcu Mihaela Larisa , Bîcu Daniel , Vladu Mihaela Ionela , Clenciu Diana , Chirila Ana Maria Cristina , Vîlvoi Delia , Sandu Magdalena , Panduru Nicolae Mircea , Moţa Eugen , Moţa Maria
Published: May 2015

Insulin resistance (IR) is a fundamental disorder of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), but it is also involved in the etiopathogenesis of type 1 DM, with important implications in the onset and progression of micro- and macrovascular complications in type 1 DM. Overweight plays the main role in the increased incidence of both types of DM, exacerbating IR. The epidemic increase of overweight and obesity makes it difficult to diagnose the exact phenotype of DM, as IR and autoimmunity often coexist. Many studies showed an increase in incidence of micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with type 1 DM with IR, compared to patients with type 1 DM without IR. The gold standard of IR evaluation is represented by the method of euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, applied on a reduced scale in research. Thus, it is necessary to identify early IR markers (clinical or biological markers), less laboured ones, that could be used on a large scale in current medical practice, for the IR determination in type 1 DM. Clinicians and health experts should prevent/ reduce the epidemic of overweight and obesity in young people, thus decreasing IR, and implicitly the chronic complications of DM.
Supporting Novice Teachers Through Mentoring and Induction in the United States
Authors: Zembytska Maryna
Published: May 2015

The study focuses on the U.S. system of novice teacher support. The study highlights the evolution of mentoring from a traditional, isolated, hierarchical one-to-one relationship to multiple interactions which comprise a collaborative developmental network. The findings suggest that mentoring and induction support in the United States are continually progressing to conform to the dynamic trends in education and organizational management, which is evident in the diversification of their forms and types. American educators and policymakers extensively use new forms of mentoring, such as online mentoring, group mentoring, reciprocal mentoring, needs-driven mentoring etc. The analysis of induction and mentoring programs, district professional development plans and other documentation, carried out in the process of research, reveals their core components, goals and the peculiarities of their design and implementation. Special attention is given to mentor training, selection and matching. Novice teacher support is viewed as an effective instrument which allows school districts to reduce teacher turnover, improve student achievement by providing students with quality instruction and promote collaboration within teaching staff and administration.
Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) – a possible biomarker for bacteremia in sepsis / Forma solubilă a receptorului pentru activatorul de plasminogen de tip urokinază (suPAR) – un biomarker posibil pentru bacteriemie în sepsis
Authors: Georgescu Anca-Meda , Szederjesi Janos , Voidăzan Septimiu , Dobreanu Minodora , Copotoiu Sanda Maria , Huțanu Adina , Azamfirei Leonard
Published: May 2015

Background. Validating new sepsis biomarkers can contribute to early diagnosis and initiation of therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sepsis predictive capacity of soluble urokinase plasminogen receptor (suPAR) and its role in evaluating the prognosis of bloodstream infections. Material and method. We conducted a prospective pilot study on 49 systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), that were divided, on the basis of bacteremia in group A (SIRS with bacteremia, n=14) and group B (SIRS without bacteremia, n=35). Hemoculture and blood samples were drawn on the first day to determine suPAR, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). We set to identify significant cut-off values in estimating bacteremia and mortality in septic patients. Results. In group A, suPAR values were 14.3 ng/mL (range 10-45.5 ng/mL) and in group B, 9.85 ng/mL (range 3.4-48 ng/mL) p=0.008. Area under the curve (AUC) for suPAR was 0.745 (95% CI: 0.600-0.859), for CRP 0.613 (95% CI: 0.522-0.799) and for PCT 0.718 (95% CI: 0.477-0.769). Cut-off value for suPAR in bacteremia prediction was 9.885 ng/mL, with 100% sensibility and 51.43% specificity. Mortality in group A was 85.7% (12/14) and in group B 74.3% (26/39), p>0.05. Area under the curve (AUC) for suPAR was 0.750 (95% CI: 0.455-0.936), for CRP 0.613 (95% CI: 0.413-0.913) and for PCT 0.618 (95% CI: 0.373-0.888). Cut-off value of suPAR in predicting mortality was 11.5 ng/mL, with 66.67% sensibility and 100% specificity. Conclusions. In our study suPAR had a predictive capacity for bacteremia and seems to be an independent factor for mortality prognosis in septic patients.
Relation Between Filtration and Soil Consolidation Theories
Authors: Strzelecki Tomasz , Strzelecki Michał
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a different, than commonly used, form of equations describing the filtration of a viscous compressible fluid through a porous medium in isothermal conditions. This mathematical model is compared with the liquid flow equations used in the theory of consolidation. It is shown that the current commonly used filtration model representation significantly differs from the filtration process representation in Biot’s and Terzaghi’s soil consolidation models, which has a bearing on the use of the methods of determining the filtration coefficient on the basis of oedometer test results. The present analysis of the filtration theory equations should help interpret effective parameters of the non-steady filtration model. Moreover, equations for the flow of a gas through a porous medium and an interpretation of the filtration model effective parameters in this case are presented.
On Accelerations in Science Driven by Daring Ideas: Good Messages from Fallibilistic Rationalism
Authors: Marciszewski Witold
Published: May 2015

The first good message is to the effect that people possess reason as a source of intellectual insights, not available to the senses, as e.g. axioms of arithmetic. The awareness of this fact is called rationalism. Another good message is that reason can daringly quest for and gain new plausible insights. Those, if suitably checked and confirmed, can entail a revision of former results, also in mathematics, and - due to the greater efficiency of new ideas - accelerate science’s progress. The awareness that no insight is secured against revision, is called fallibilism.

This modern fallibilistic rationalism (Peirce, Popper, Gödel, etc. oppose the fundamentalism of the classical version (Plato, Descartes etc.), i.e. the belief in the attainability of inviolable truths of reason which would forever constitute the foundations of knowledge. Fallibilistic rationalism is based on the idea that any problem-solving consists in processing information. Its results vary with respect to informativeness and its reverse - certainty. It is up to science to look for highly informative solutions, in spite of their uncertainty, and then to make them more certain through testing against suitable evidence. To account for such cognitive processes, one resorts to the conceptual apparatus of logic, informatics, and cognitive science.
Catalytic Activity of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Supported on Zinc Oxide
Authors: Yesmurzayeva Nurlykyz N. , Nurakhmetova Zhanar A. , Tatykhanova Gulnur S. , Selenova Bagadat S. , Kudaibergenov Sarkyt E.
Published: May 2015

Gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles have been prepared by “one-pot” synthetic method in the presence of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). Absorption spectra, size, morphology, and structure of AuNPs and AgNPs were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS, SEM, and TEM. According to DLS measurements the average sizes of metal nanoparticles stabilized by PVP in aqueous solution are varied from 10 to 25 nm for AuNPs and from 6.5 to 44 nm for AgNPs. The impregnation method is used to support AuNPs and AgNPs on the surface of ZnO. The amount of AuNPs and AgNPs immobilized on the surface of ZnO does not exceed 0.2 wt.%. The catalytic activity of AuNPs and AgNPs supported on the surface of ZnO was evaluated with respect to decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The optimal conditions for H2O2 decomposition were found to be dependent on of the amount of the catalyst, concentration of substrate, molecular weight of PVP, and temperature. The activation energy of H2O2 decomposition is equal to 44.1 kJ×mol-1. The decomposition of H2O2 in the presence of AuNPs and AgNPs supported on ZnO surface is discussed in the context of supramolecular catalysis mimicking catalase-like behavior. The recyclability of AuNPs supported on ZnO surface was tested.
Understanding early dementia: EEG, MRI, SPECT and memory evaluation
Authors: Moretti Davide Vito
Published: May 2015

Background: An increase in the EEG upper/low a power ratio has been associated with mild cognitive impairment
(MCI) due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and to the atrophy of temporoparietal brain areas. Subjects with a higher
α3/α2 frequency power ratio showed lower brain perfusion than in the low α3/α2 group. The two groups show
significantly different hippocampal volumes and correlation with q frequency activity. Methods: Seventy-four
adult subjects with MCI underwent clinical and neuropsychological evaluation, electroencephalogram (EEG)
recording, and high resolution 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-seven of them underwent EEG
recording and perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) evaluation. The α3/α2 power
ratio and cortical thickness were computed for each subject. The difference in cortical thickness between the
groups was estimated. Results: In the higher upper/low a group, memory impairment was more pronounced
in both the MRI group and the SPECT MCI groups. An increase in the production of q oscillations was associated
with greater interhemisperic coupling between temporal areas. It also correlated with greater cortical atrophy
and lower perfusional rate in the temporoparietal cortex. Conclusion: High EEG upper/low α power ratio was
associated with cortical thinning and lower perfusion in temporoparietal areas. Moreover, both atrophy and
lower perfusion rate significantly correlated with memory impairment in MCI subjects. Therefore, the increase
in the EEG upper/low α frequency power ratio could be useful in identifying individuals at risk for progression to
AD dementia in a clinical context.
Identification of biological markers for better characterization of older subjects with physical frailty and sarcopenia
Authors: Fougère Bertrand , Vellas Bruno , van Kan Gabor Abellan , Cesari Matteo
Published: May 2015

Population aging is rapidly accelerating worldwide; however, longer life expectancy is not the only public
health goal. Indeed, extended lifetime involves maintaining function and the capacity of living independently.
Sarcopenia and physical frailty are both highly relevant entities with regards to functionality and autonomy of
older adults. The concepts and definitions of frailty and sarcopenia have largely been revised over the years.
Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. On the
other hand, frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to stressors, responsible for exposing the older person
to enhanced risk of adverse outcomes. Physical frailty and sarcopenia substantially overlap and several adverse
outcomes of frailty are likely mediated by sarcopenia. Indeed, the concepts of sarcopenia and physical frailty can
be perceived as related to the same target organ (i.e., skeletal muscle) and it may be possible to combine them
into a unique definition. The biological background of such a close relationship needs to be explored and clarified
as it can potentially provide novel and pivotal insights for the assessment and treatment of these conditions
in old age. The aim of this paper is to indicate and discuss possible biological markers to be considered in the
framing of physical frailty and sarcopenia.
On the adjacent eccentric distance sum of graphs
Authors: Bielak Halina , Wolska Katarzyna
Published: May 2015

In this paper we show bounds for the adjacent eccentric distance sum of graphs in terms of Wiener index, maximum degree and minimum degree. We extend some earlier results of Hua and Yu [Bounds for the Adjacent Eccentric Distance Sum, International Mathematical Forum. Vol. 7 (2O02) no. 26. 1280-1294].

The adjaceni eccentric distance sum index of the graph G is defined as

where ε(υ) is the eccentricity of the vertex υ, deg(υ) is the degree of the vertex υ and D(υ) = ∑
Evaluation of Educator & Student Use of & Attitudes toward Dissection & Dissection Alternatives
Authors: Osenkowski Pamela , Green Che , Tjaden Anne , Cunniff Peggy
Published: May 2015

Animal dissection has been routinely practiced in American biology classrooms for decades. With technological advancements, more states adopting student choice measures, and increased awareness about ethical concerns surrounding dissection, many useful dissection alternatives have been developed. To understand the current use of animal dissection and alternatives, and attitudes toward the practices, a nationwide survey of middle and high school biology teachers (n = 1178) and students (n = 500) was conducted. Most teachers (84%) and students (76%) reported using dissection in their classrooms, although nearly half of educators indicated that dissection is decreasing at their school. Educators cited student performance as the main factor driving their decision to use dissection or alternatives and reported conducting dissection exercises because of student interest. Most teachers had an interest in using alternatives, although only 36% used them in place of dissection. More than a third of biology students preferred the use of alternatives over animal specimens, yet most did not request dissection alternatives. Enabling students to opt in to dissection exercises rather than opt out, as is the current practice, and educating teachers and students about student choice and the advantages of dissection alternatives are suggested strategies to reduce animal use in education, in line with the “3 R’s” principle.
Regulation of tumor cell plasticity by the androgen receptor in prostate cancer
Authors: Bishop Jennifer L , Davies Alastair , Ketola Kirsi , Zoubeidi Amina
Published: May 2015

Prostate cancer (PCa) has become the most common form of cancer in men in the developed world, and it ranks second in cancer-related deaths. Men that succumb to PCa have a disease that is resistant to hormonal therapies that suppress androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which plays a central role in tumor development and progression. Although AR continues to be a clinically relevant therapeutic target in PCa, selection pressures imposed by androgen-deprivation therapies promote the emergence of heterogeneous cell populations within tumors that dictate the severity of disease. This cellular plasticity, which is induced by androgen deprivation, is the focus of this review. More specifically, we address the emergence of cancer stem-like cells, epithelial–mesenchymal or myeloid plasticity, and neuroendocrine transdifferentiation as well as evidence that demonstrates how each is regulated by the AR. Importantly, because all of these cell phenotypes are associated with aggressive PCa, we examine novel therapeutic approaches for targeting therapy-induced cellular plasticity as a way of preventing PCa progression.
60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: Redefining neuroendocrinology: stress, sex and cognitive and emotional regulation
Authors: McEwen Bruce S , Gray Jason D , Nasca Carla
Published: May 2015

The discovery of steroid hormone receptors in brain regions that mediate every aspect of brain function has broadened the definition of ‘neuroendocrinology’ to include the reciprocal communication between the brain and the body via hormonal and neural pathways. The brain is the central organ of stress and adaptation to stress because it perceives and determines what is threatening, as well as the behavioral and physiological responses to the stressor. The adult and developing brain possess remarkable structural and functional plasticity in response to stress, including neuronal replacement, dendritic remodeling, and synapse turnover. Stress causes an imbalance of neural circuitry subserving cognition, decision-making, anxiety and mood that can alter expression of those behaviors and behavioral states. This imbalance, in turn, affects systemic physiology via neuroendocrine, autonomic, immune and metabolic mediators. In the short term, as for increased fearful vigilance and anxiety in a threatening environment, these changes may be adaptive. But, if the danger passes and the behavioral state persists along with the changes in neural circuitry, such maladaptation may need intervention with a combination of pharmacological and behavioral therapies, as is the case for chronic anxiety and depression. There are important sex differences in the brain responses to stressors that are in urgent need of further exploration. Moreover, adverse early-life experience, interacting with alleles of certain genes, produce lasting effects on brain and body over the life-course via epigenetic mechanisms. While prevention is most important, the plasticity of the brain gives hope for therapies that take into consideration brain–body interactions.
Contribution of the hypothalamus and gut to weight gain susceptibility and resistance in mice
Authors: Fam Barbara C , Sgambellone Rebecca , Ruan Zheng , Proietto Joseph , Andrikopoulos Sofianos
Published: May 2015

Obesity susceptibility in humans and in rodent strains varies in response to the consumption of high-energy density (HED) diets. However, the exact mechanism(s) involved in this susceptibility remain(s) unresolved. The aim of the present study was to gain greater insight into this susceptibility by using C57BL/6J (B6) mice that were separated into obesity-prone (diet-induced obese (DIO)) and obesity-resistant (diet-induced resistant (DR)) groups following an HED diet for 6 weeks. Physiological, biochemical and gene expression assessments of energy balance were performed in the DIO and DR mice on an HED diet and chow-fed mice. The increased weight gain of the DIO mice as compared to the DR mice was associated with increased energy intake and higher plasma leptin and adiponectin levels but not with reduced physical activity or resting energy expenditure. HypothalamicPomcgene expression was elevated, but there were no changes inNpyorAgrpexpression. Adipose tissue leptin and adiponectin gene expression were significantly reduced in the DIO group as compared to the DR group. Interestingly, ileum expression of G protein-coupled receptor (Gpr) 40 (Gpr40) was significantly increased, whereasGpr120,Gpr119,Gpr41, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (Glp1) were reduced. Contrastingly, the lower weight gain of the DR group was associated with elevated adipose tissue leptin and adiponectin gene expression, but there were no differences in plasma hormone or hypothalamic gene expression levels as compared to chow-fed mice. Therefore, the present data demonstrate that susceptibility and resistance to diet-induced weight gain in B6 mice appears to be predominantly driven by peripheral rather than hypothalamic modifications, and changes in gut-specific receptors are a potentially important contributor to this variation.
Propuesta de un nuevo enfoque para reducir el abandono escolar en secundaria
Authors: Portillo-Torres Mauricio Cristhian
Published: May 2015

Recibido 3 de setiembre de 2014 • Corregido 16 de enero de 2015 • Aceptado 27 de abril de 2015Durante el período 2006-2014, el Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica implementó cuatro acciones estratégicas para la disminución del abandono escolar en secundaria. El objetivo principal de estas acciones fue promover la participación estudiantil y la identificación del estudiante con su centro educativo. Para valorar el impacto de estas acciones se revisaron estudios elaborados por el Ministerio de Educación y la Contraloría General de la República. A partir de los resultados se ve la necesidad de proponer una visión más integral para lograr la permanencia estudiantil en secundaria con base al concepto de engagement. Así mismo se propone un modelo de acciones estratégicas que incluye acciones preventivas universales, acciones preventivas selectivas y acciones preventivas dirigidas.
Orchidaceae, Chotanagpur, state of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Jalal Jeewan Singh , Rawat Gopal Singh
Published: May 2015

Orchids display a diversified range in terms of shape, size and colour of flowers. They have a unique floral morphology compared to other angiospermic plants. They have minute seeds that are dispersed through air, and that may be why they are distributed throughout the world, except for the hot deserts and Antarctica. Though the family Orchidaceae represents a highly advanced group of plants, they are highly susceptible to even slight changes in environmental conditions. In India, orchids are represented by 1,141 species belonging to 186 genera. The present study was conducted on the Chotanagpur region of India, most of the part of which lies in the state of Jharkhand. A systematic survey was conducted through out the state from April 2002, on foot in different forested regions in different seasons. A checklist of 63 species of orchids recorded from this area is provided. That includes 26 new records.
Anura, Bufonidae, Melanophryniscus simplex: distribution extension
Authors: Colombo Patrick , Zank Caroline , Schmidt Luiz Ernesto Costa , Gonçalves Gislene , Marinho Jorge Reppold
Published: May 2015

None
Cnidaria, Hydrozoa: latitudinal distribution of hydroids along the fjords region of southern Chile, with notes on the world distribution of some species
Authors: Galea Horia R. , Häussermann Verena , Försterra Günter
Published: May 2015

None
Fish, Sternoptychidae, Maurolicus stehmanni Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993: occurrence and distribution in south and southeastern Brazilian waters
Authors: Almeida Eduardo M. , Rossi-Wongtschowski Carmen Lúcia D. B.
Published: May 2015

None
Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Diaemus youngi: first record for the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Falcão Fábio C.
Published: May 2015

None
Mammalia, Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae, Chacodelphys formosa (Shamel, 1930): range extension
Authors: Teta Pablo , Pardiñas Ulyses F. J.
Published: May 2015

None
Herpetofauna, Espora Hydroelectric Power Plant, state of Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Van-Silva Wilian , Guedes Andrei Guimarães , Azevedo-Silva Priscila Lemes de , Gontijo Fernanda Francisca , Barbosa Rosana Silva , Aloísio Gustavo Ribeiro , Oliveira Flávio César Gomes de
Published: May 2015

We provide a checklist of the herpetofaunal assemblage from Espora Hydroelectric Power Plant region (UHE Espora), southwestern of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Representatives of 32 amphibian and 71 reptile species were obtained during faunal monitoring and faunal rescue programs carried out in the study area. The obtained species list and distribution records are here discussed in an attempt to improve the still limited knowledge on Cerrado herpetofaunal assemblages.
Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae, Bolitoglossa medemi: distribution extension
Authors: Mueses-Cisneros Jonh Jairo , Quintero Viviana Moreno , Quilindo Belisario Cepeda
Published: May 2015

None
Kontrowersje wokół normatywnego podziału na osoby prawne publiczne i osoby prawne prywatne (kan. 116 KPK)
Authors: Dzierżon Ginter
Published: May 2015

In the presented article, the focus of the author’s attention is the question of the differentiating criteria for public and private juridical persons. By analysing such premises as the purposes of the persons and the way they are fulfilled he proves that these criteria are of ambivalent nature. As the author believes, this results from the fact that in the canonical system the public area of the Church has its implications on the entire legal reality.
Misje ludowe jako nadzwyczajna forma przepowiadania słowa Bożego w parafii. Aspekt kanoniczno-pastoralny
Authors: Adamczyk Jerzy
Published: May 2015

Canon 770 states that “At certain times, according to the regulations of the diocesan Bishop, parish priests are to arrange for sermons in the form of retreats and missions, as they are called, or in other forms adapted to requirements.” First, this paper presents the concept and purpose of the parish popular missions. Next, the question of the subject and addressees of the mission is presented. Much space has been devoted to the missionary teaching. The final part is dedicated to the missionary services falling in the sacramental scope and popular piety.
Symbol hermeneutyczny a symboliczność dzieła sztuki według Hansa-Georga Gadamera
Authors: Sołtysiak Marek
Published: May 2015

H.-G. Gadamer odróżnia symbol hermeneutyczny od symbolu religijnego (metafizycznego) i czysto konwencjonalnego. Symbol metafizyczny reprezentuje to, czym sam nie jest. Jego istotą jest zastępowanie i uobecnianie tego, co jest symbolizowane. Według Gadamera pomiędzy symbolem metafizycznym a symbolem w sensie hermeneutycznym (dziełem sztuki) występują zasadnicze różnice. Dzieło sztuki, jako przykład symbolu hermeneutycznego, przynosi przyrost bytu temu, co reprezentuje. Nie odsyła do czegoś symbolizowanego przez siebie, ale ujawnia to, co zawiera się w nim samym. Jest to zatem swoista transcendencja w immanencji. Ze względu na swoją istotę, którą jest autoprezentacja, charakteryzuje się niekończącą się grą odsłaniania i skrywania. Autoprezentacja stanowi o hermeneutycznej symboliczności każdego dzieła sztuki, jak również każdego bytu. To, co jest jawne w autoprezentacji dzieła sztuki (bytu), odsyła do tego, co jest w nim skryte.Symboliczność dzieła sztuki (bytu) ma także wymiar syntaktyczny. W poznaniu żaden byt nie ma znaczenia pojedynczego, zawsze jest powiązany ze znaczeniem innych bytów. Występuje określony system wzajemnych powiązań. Szczególnie widoczne jest to w mowie, w której każde słowo jest zrozumiałe tylko w kontekście innych słów. W symbolu hermeneutycznym można wyróżnić również jego egzystencjalną funkcję. Dzieło sztuki wzywa do przemiany życia tego, kto się z nim spotkał, przez ukazanie prawdy o nim samym i o świecie, w którym przyszło mu żyć.
Gogacz – Judycki. Dwie koncepcje indywidualności osoby ludzkiej
Authors: Listkowska Bożena
Published: May 2015

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie dwóch koncepcji indywidualności osoby ludzkiej, powstałych we współczesnej filozofii polskiej: Mieczysława Gogacza i Stanisława Judyckiego. Jest to próba spojrzenia na zagadnienie z dwóch różnych perspektyw filozoficznych: metafizyki tomistycznej i epistemologii fenomenologicznej. Ujęcie metafizyczne jest poszukiwaniem odpowiedzi na pytanie o indywidualność osoby w jej strukturze ontycznej, ujęcie fenomenologiczne natomiast koncentruje się na analizie doświadczenia bezpośredniego. Jako rację indywidualności Gogacz wskazuje intelekt możnościowy (bierny) zapodmiotowany w formie substancjalnej (duszy). Judycki utrzymuje, że racją tą jest zamysł Boga, zgodnie z którym stwarza On duszę każdego człowieka jako radykalnie różną od wszystkich innych dusz ludzkich – unikalną. Przedstawione teorie wyrastają z odmiennego sposobu rozumienia osoby. Teoria Gogacza ma charakter substancjalistyczny, nawiązuje do koncepcji osoby Arystotelesa, Boecjusza i św. Tomasza z Akwinu. Koncepcja Judyckiego jest ujęciem relacjonistycznym, zmodyfikowanym elementami filozofii substancjalistycznej. Odwołuje się do relacjonistycznych teorii Platona, św. Augustyna i Kartezjusza oraz substancjalistycznych – Arystotelesa i św. Tomasza z Akwinu. Tomistyczne i fenomenologiczne ujęcia indywidualności wprowadzają do filozoficznej nauki o człowieku niesprowadzalne do siebie, lecz istotne treści.
Rodzaje i rola substytutów w moralności w ujęciu Dietricha von Hildebranda
Authors: Wiśniewska Daniela
Published: May 2015

Fenomenologiczna analiza świata wartości moralnych zaproponowana przez Dietricha von Hildebranda opiera się na racjonalnej intuicji, która ukierunkowana jest na poznawanie uposażenia jakościowego, stawiając go równocześnie w opozycji do procesu wnioskowania. Według Hildebranda intuicyjny opis i wgląd w fenomeny jest źródłem wielkich odkryć filozoficznych, w których wydobywa się specyfikę oraz istotę danego przedmiotu. Taki kierunek jest widoczny w dziele autora napisanym wspólnie z Alice Jourdain Graven images. Substitutes for true morality z 1957 roku. Głównym nurtem poszukiwań aksjologicznych Hildebranda było wyodrębnienie zjawiska moralności substytualnej, która, jego zdaniem, przez swoją atrakcyjność nadbudowaną na kompromisie wobec pychy i pożądliwości oraz wobec wartości pozamoralnych zniekształca poprawne funkcjonowanie świadomości moralnej.Artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia mechanizmu funkcjonowania pseudonorm zniekształcających właściwe kierowanie się wartościami moralnymi. Analiza hildebrandowskiej aksjologii obejmuje wydobycie zasadniczych opisów pseudonorm, ich klasyfikację i uchwycenie różnic jakościowych występujących w tym obszarze.Istotnym punktem artykułu jest wgląd w relatywne aspekty i natury substytutów. Ukazuje on mechanizmy funkcjonujące w ramach substytutu oraz wskazuje na komponenty konstytuujące go jako normę strukturalnie zanurzoną w sferze moralnej. Ten opis pozwolił na wyodrębnienie dwoistej roli (destruktywnej i pozytywnej), jaką mogą spełniać substytuty w życiu osobowym.W kontekście aksjologii Hildebranda, autor stara się pokazać mechanizmy relatywistycznego ujmowania sfery moralnej i zagrożenia płynące z tak ujmowanej rzeczywistości.
Aria Heisenberga (I). O negatywnych skutkach akcentowania zasady nieoznaczoności w wykładzie teorii atomu
Authors: Szymański Adam
Published: May 2015

According to the author, a perfect example of the theory, which is considered to be removed from the historical context, is the uncertainty principle. For various reasons, this principle became the most famous element of atomic theory, and it usually serves as kick-off for popular lectures in quantum mechanics. This order of presentation can, however, distort an accurate picture of the uncertainty principle and quantum mechanics in general. In this article we try to identify specifically the misunderstandings initiating a course of quantum mechanics contrary to the chronology from the uncertainty principle can lead.
Religia w perspektywie ewolucjonistycznej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jej funkcji socjalizacyjnej
Authors: Kowalczyk-Purol Kinga
Published: May 2015

This paper gives an overview of the potential integrative function of religion from the evolutionary standpoint. In order to fulfill those aims, the work first addresses the characterization of the use of an evolutionary paradigm for the study of religion. In this section, the most prominent evolutionary hypotheses of religion are discussed: the sociobiological view, memetic approach and cognitive perspective. Subsequently, the article also introduces several conceptual difficulties of the whole program of Darwinian religious study. In the final part of the paper, a couple of the most important religious mechanisms of social integration are shown.
Extrapolative Inference and Analogical Reasoning in the Empirical Sciences
Authors: Jakubiec Marek
Published: May 2015

The primary purpose of this paper is to present the issue of extrapolation, which is interesting from the perspective of contemporary philosophy of science. For its proper explanation, it is crucial to distinguish it from terms of similar meaning, such as analogy, induction or statistical inference. The second goal is to indicate key differences that exist between extrapolative inference and analogical reasoning. Because of this the ascertaining of the identification of these concepts would be a mistake though, of course, there is no way not to notice certain similarities.
Zjawisko śmierci – zmora medycyny
Authors: Pala Amadeusz
Published: May 2015

The article is an attempt to show the evolution of the medical explanation of the phenomenon of death. Characteristic features of this evolution are the following:1. In the history of medicine there are two main ideas that explain the phenomenon of death: the idea of qualitative transformations, which means the stopping of metabolism, and the idea of quantitative transformations, which means the loss of the “essence of life”. It may be the loss of consciousness (irreversible dysfunction of the higher brain) or the loss of an important factor that sustains life (irreversible dysfunction of the brain stem).2. From a biological point of view, death is a process, but for practical purposes, medicine also tried to express it in the form of moment.3. Medical progress leads to the formulating of new definitions of death, but that does not mean that medicine is able to decide which one to choose. Rather, it needs philosophy for this.
O związkach matematyki z filozofią na przykładzie projektu Archipelag Matematyki
Authors: Stacewicz Paweł
Published: May 2015

Some new, philosophically inspired, methods of teaching mathematics are discussed in this paper. These methods are implemented and embedded in the virtual environment of learning and exploring mathematics, called officially Archipelago of Mathematics (available at www.archipelagmatematyki.pl). They seem to be effective due to different interconnections between mathematics and philosophy (both historical and contemporary).After describing methodological assumptions, goals, methods and the structure of Archipelago, I present two, designed by me, examples of its contents: (1) quasi-internet chat with the ghost of G.W. Leibniz (on metaphysics, philosophical aspects of calculus, and artificial intelligence); and (2) radio-style interview with a farmer on the mathematical theory of sets and infinity. Presented materials show such a relationships between mathematics and philosophy like: philosophical origin of some mathematical concepts, philosophical implications of some math. ideas and theorems, heuristic function of philosophical discussions in mathematics.
Ethique et Politique
Authors: Bruguès Jean-Louis
Published: May 2015

The lecture engages the debate concerning the relation between politics and ethics. Ethics is the guardian of good practice and policy the guardian of the quality of life in the community. The author discusses their mutual historical development paying special attention to two dates. First in 1789, when the Bastille was demolished and the Republic founded with a slogan of ethical content (“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”), but only in order to control it. The second date is 1989, the year in which the Berlin Wall fell, constitutes a turning point and the dominance of ethics over politics promoted by the triad: democracy, accountability, and human rights, which undoubtedly belong to the highest value. The problem with this is that ethical values can be used in an ideological way. In the final section, the Christian position on the proper relationship between ethics and policy and vice versa is discussed.
Christian Anthropology Versus the New Anthropology and the Quest for Human Perfection
Authors: Kraj Tomasz
Published: May 2015

In the current debate, we witness a conflict between the Christian concept of man vs. concepts that justify in vitro fertilization (IVF), genetic enhancement, or the reassignment of sexuality. Modern concepts cannot disregard the historic perspective of the consistent doctrines that the Catholic Church has maintained throughout her 2000-year history and which constitute the precursors of contemporary bioethics. Although she has adjusted specifics occasionally to address new developments, she has always based doctrine on immutable core principles. The current conflict lies neither in the novelty of the new proposals, nor in a conflict between religious and lay worldviews, but rather in concepts of man and human perfection. Some human traits may be regarded as disordered and incompatible with a particular concept of human perfection. The new proposals tend to involve physical changes based on technological manipulation, with a goal of developing a superior being, while Christian proposals do not seek to manipulate man’s being, but to develop his existing potential within criteria of acceptable reason. The new proposals rely on a Cartesian view which constitutes a human as his mind (cogito ergo sum), which has dominion over his body including authority to reengineer it according to any project that mind conceives. In contrast, the Christian concept views the human subject as a unity of mind and body, which may not be reshaped to meet a questionable goal of human perfection. The technological tools within the new concepts are in no way superior to the more personal attributes like virtues, perfection of the human will, prayer, and ascesis within the Christian concept.
Immutability of God in Christian Terms
Authors: Drzyżdżyk Szymon , Kosińska Zuzanna
Published: May 2015

This article deals with the issue of the immutability of God in Himself. What is meant by “immutability” and why God should (or must) be immutable? Doesn’t He – whom Christians preach – contradict His immutability by showing interest in man? These questions, taken by a number of philosophers and theologians have appeared more or less frequently throughout history. The article is devoted to the immutability of God as one and the Holy Trinity on the grounds of Christianity. The article quotes the thoughts of representatives from the Church in the West and in the East – Tertullian and Origen. This thought formed in an era when Trinitarian heresy flourished and had a significant impact on the further development of theological reflection. Then the theological and philosophical position of Thomas Aquinas is taken into account as one who in his investigations on the nature of God used the components of ancient Greek philosophy.
The Necessity of Faith in the Church in the Age of Secularization
Authors: Napiórkowski Andrzej
Published: May 2015

This article explores the causes and shifts of the ever-growing secularization in the modern world. It also examins and the idea that Christ can be discovered without the Church as well as, how the faith of the Church can be explored, experienced, and understood in relation to God.
Study of moso bamboo’s permeability and mechanical properties
Authors: Huang Xiao-dong , Hse Chung-Yun , Shupe Todd F.
Published: May 2015

In this article, moso bamboo blocks were first treated with hydrochloric acid solvents with different concentrations or microwave treatments with various microwave output power and treatment durations. The results showed that the crystalliferous region of cellulose of moso bamboo blocks formed porous or swelling type structures under hydrochloric acid pretreatment conditions; the mechanical strength of the moso bamboo decreased when the percentage of hydrochloric acid pretreatment solvents increased from 0 to 3%. When the moso bamboo blocks were treated with microwave, the internal water was transformed into steam, and the water vapor destroyed the cell walls of the vessel, sieve tube, and parenchyma cells in the moso bamboo block, resulting in a significant improvement in the permeability of moso bamboo. In order to ensure that the moso bamboo samples did not burn by microwave heating, the samples had to be immersed in water. The process of water gasification inside the Moso bamboo was not violent. Therefore, the mechanical strength of the moso bamboo had decreased only slightly, and a weak relationship was found between the mechanical strength of the moso bamboo samples and the microwave treatment durations.
Siroki Zoltán (1906–1987) emlékezete
Authors: Papp László , Lisztes-Szabó Zsuzsa
Published: May 2015

Siroki Zoltán (1906–1987) agrármérnök és tanár aktív szakmai tevékenysége javarészt Debrecenhez kötődik. Madártani munkássága és közleményei széles körben ismertek, ugyanakkor figyelemreméltóak a zömmel az Északi-középhegységre, a Tiszántúlra és a Nyírségre vonatkozó florisztikai és cönológiai vizsgálatai is. A mintegy 20 000 lapot számláló növénygyűjteménye (Siroki Zoltán Herbárium) a Debreceni Egyetem Herbárumának (DE) értékes része.
Az Asparagus verticillatus L. Magyarországon
Authors: Wirth Tamás , Gyergyák Kinga
Published: May 2015

Pécs közigazgatási területének finomléptékű flóratérképezése során az Asparagus verticillatus L. kivadult egyedeit találtuk meg a város több pontján 2011–2012 során. A dolgozat áttekintést nyújt a faj taxonómiájáról, morfológiai jellemzéséről és magyarországi előfordulásáról. Az örvös spárga mediterrán-szubmediterrán faj, mely a Balkán-félszigeten, Kelet-Európában, valamint Nyugat- és Közép-Ázsiában őshonos. Magyarországon kedvelt dísznövény; kiszökéséről, illetve elvadulásáról azonban eddig nem volt információnk. Korábbi gyűjtési adatai botanikus kertekből, kertekből származnak, illetve egy példány került elő Pécsett útszéli száraz gyepből. A most megtalált egyedek főleg a városnak a Mecsek déli oldalára felkúszó részén, kiskertes és szőlőtermő területein élnek, de egy példány előkerült a lakott területtől távolabbi, természetközeli vegetációból is. Mivel a fajt a város több pontján is ültetik, további kiszökésére, elvadulására, valamint tartós fennmaradására a jövőben is számíthatunk.
You Don't Teach, Students Learn: Lessons Learned in Statistical Literacy and Statistical Education in Ireland
Authors: MacCuirc Eoin
Published: May 2015

In 2007, with the aim of improving statistical literacy and effective use of statistics, the Central Statistics Office in Ireland launched an Education Outreach Programme.  To achieve these objectives, the CSO has fostered key academic partnerships at a national and international level.  Seminar Series, Statistical Liaison groups, Oireachtas briefings, CensusAtSchool, the John Hooper Medal for Statistics, the Apps4Gaps competition, the Professional Diploma in Official Statistics for Policy Evaluation, the International Statistical Literacy Poster Competition are some of the key projects developed under the umbrella of the Education Outreach Programme.  This paper outlines a number of key lessons learned in the Irish Education Outreach Programme with illustrations drawn from the Irish experience to date.
Molecular Differentiation of Gender in Buffalograss
Authors: Donze Teresa , Amaradasa Bimal S. , Caha Carol , Heng‐Moss Tiffany , Amundsen Keenan
Published: May 2015

Buffalograss [Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. syn. Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus] is a warm‐season, stoloniferous, perennial grass species native to the Great Plains of North America. Buffalograss is a dioecious species where structural differences can be observed between inflorescences of male and female plants. The genetic mechanisms conferring gender expression in buffalograss are not known. In the present study, RNA‐seq was performed to evaluate the transcriptome of 10 buffalograss female and 10 buffalograss male F1 individuals of a segregating diploid linkage mapping population. Collectively, 187,600,044 male sequencing reads and 148,324,220 female sequencing reads were produced. The sequencing reads were read mapped to a buffalograss cultivar Prestige reference transcriptome with a greater than 96% success rate. By comparing male and female transcriptomes, we found 1734 differentially expressed transcripts. Among this group, 445 transcripts had higher expression in male plants while the remaining 1289 had higher expression in the females. Two male‐specific sequences and one female‐specific sequence were identified along with genes associated with flowering and reproduction. To date, this is the most detailed characterization of the genetic differences between male and female buffalograss.
Moisture sorption isotherms of whole milk powder in the temperature range of 5–35 °C and critical values of water activity prediction
Authors: Langová Jitka , Štencl Jiří
Published: May 2015

The study presents results of water sorption tests of whole milk powder in the temperature range of 5–35 °C and water activity (aw) from 0.11 to 0.97. The experimental procedure used was the manometric static method. Four sorption models recommended in literature sources (Chung-Pfost, Halsey, Henderson, Oswin) were analysed and evaluated with the aim of aw prediction. The modified Oswin’s equation was the best model for moisture adsorption and desorption of the whole milk powder. Critical values of the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) from the viewpoint of microorganism growth corresponding to the aw = 0.6 were calculated for the temperature range tested. The critical EMC was 7.82% and 8.51% wet basis (w.b.), for water adsorption and desorption, respectively, at the temperature of 20 ºC. Sorption capacity of samples tested decreased as temperature increased, and vice versa. The differences between the EMC values at a constant aw were small in the temperature range measured, and rehydration of the dried material resulted in hysteresis but this effect was non-significant.
High Temperature Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy for the in-situ Investigation of Grain Growth and Phase Transformations in Intermetallic γ-TiAl based Alloys
Authors: Klein T. , Niknafs S. , Dippenaar R. , Clemens H. , Mayer S.
Published: May 2015

Solid-state phase transformations and grain growth in an intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloy were examined using a confocal laser-scanning microscope. This apparatus allows the in-situ visualization of the microstructural development at high temperatures. The sample is thus placed into a furnace and a predetermined temperature profile is followed, while the surface is scanned using a laser. The contrast is gained by the thermal etching.
Lichen Monitoring Delineates Biodiversity on a Great Barrier Reef Coral Cay
Authors: Rogers Paul , Rogers Roderick , Hedrich Anne , Moss Patrick
Published: May 2015

Coral islands around the world are threatened by changing climates. Rising seas, drought, and increased tropical storms are already impacting island ecosystems. We aim to better understand lichen community ecology of coral island forests. We used an epiphytic lichen community survey to gauge Pisonia (Pisonia grandis R.BR.), which dominates forest conditions on Heron Island, Australia. Nine survey plots were sampled for lichen species presence and abundance, all tree diameters and species, GPS location, distance to forest-beach edge, and dominant forest type. Results found only six unique lichens and two lichen associates. A Multi-Response Permutation Procedures (MRPP) test found statistically distinct lichen communities among forest types. The greatest group differences were between interior Pisonia and perimeter forest types. Ordinations were performed to further understand causes for distinctions in lichen communities. Significant explanatory gradients were distance to forest edge, tree density (shading), and Pisonia basal area. Each of these variables was negatively correlated with lichen diversity and abundance, suggesting that interior, successionally advanced, Pisonia forests support fewer lichens. Island edge and presumably younger forests—often those with greater tree diversity and sunlight penetration—supported the highest lichen diversity. Heron Island’s Pisonia-dominated forests support low lichen diversity which mirrors overall biodiversity patterns. Lichen biomonitoring may provide a valuable indicator for assessing island ecosystems for conservation purposes regionally.