bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solving the 2D SUSY Gross-Neveu-Yukawa model with conformal truncation
Authors: Fitzpatrick A. Liam , Katz Emanuel , Walters Matthew T. , Xin Yuan
Published: January 2021

Abstract

We use Lightcone Conformal Truncation to analyze the RG flow of the two-dimensional supersymmetric Gross-Neveu-Yukawa theory, i.e. the theory of a real scalar superfield with a ℤ2-symmetric cubic superpotential, aka the 2d Wess-Zumino model. The theory depends on a single dimensionless coupling $$ \overline{g} $$

g
¯

, and is expected to have a critical point at a tuned value $$ {\overline{g}}_{\ast } $$

g
¯

∗

where it flows in the IR to the Tricritical Ising Model (TIM); the theory spontaneously breaks the ℤ2 symmetry on one side of this phase transition, and breaks SUSY on the other side. We calculate the spectrum of energies as a function of $$ \overline{g} $$

g
¯

and see the gap close as the critical point is approached, and numerically read off the critical exponent ν in TIM. Beyond the critical point, the gap remains nearly zero, in agreement with the expectation of a massless Goldstino. We also study spectral functions of local operators on both sides of the phase transition and compare to analytic predictions where possible. In particular, we use the Zamolodchikov C-function to map the entire phase diagram of the theory. Crucial to this analysis is the fact that our truncation is able to preserve supersymmetry sufficiently to avoid any additional fine tuning.
Influence of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion on the interdental papilla height of maxillary central incisors
Authors: Noverraz Stéphanie , Noverraz Yannick , Xi Tong , Schols Jan
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of orthodontic treatment with surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) on the interdental papilla height of maxillary central incisors.

Methods

In this retrospective study, patients who completed orthodontic treatment including SARME at the Radboud University Medical Center Orthodontic Department before December 2019 were included. Frontal intraoral photographs taken before (T1) and after completion of treatment (T2) were examined to determine the papilla height between the maxillary central incisors using the Jemt classification. The difference between the Jemt classification at T1 and T2 (∆Jemt) was defined as the primary outcome variable. Secondary outcome variables were gender, age, treatment duration, type of expansion appliance, maximal central diastema during expansion, pretreatment overlapping between the central incisors, gingival biotype, crown morphology and the distance between the bone crest and incisal contact point. Kappa statistics and paired t‑tests were used to determine reliability of the measurements. Pearson’s Χ2 test and independent t‑tests were used to compare the variables between the groups of patients with and without papillary recession. Finally, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

In all, 93 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The Jemt score worsened for 30 patients (32%) between T1 and T2, indicating the occurrence of papillary recession. Incisal overlapping, crown morphology, small width to length ratio, increasing age and an increasing distance between crestal bone and the incisal contact point were factors associated with papillary recession.

Conclusion

After orthodontic treatment including SARME, one third of patients exhibited recession of papilla height of the maxillary central incisors.
A nationwide observational cohort study of the relationship between beta-blockade and survival after hip fracture surgery
Authors: Ahl Rebecka , Mohammad Ismail Ahmad , Borg Tomas , Sjölin Gabriel , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Cao Yang , Wretenberg Per , Mohseni Shahin
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Despite advances in the care of hip fractures, this area of surgery is associated with high postoperative mortality. Downregulating circulating catecholamines, released as a response to traumatic injury and surgical trauma, is believed to reduce the risk of death in noncardiac surgical patients. This effect has not been studied in hip fractures. This study aims to assess whether survival benefits are gained by reducing the effects of the hyper-adrenergic state with beta-blocker therapy in patients undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery.

Methods

This is a retrospective nationwide observational cohort study. All adults $$\ge$$
≥
18 years were identified from the prospectively collected national quality register for hip fractures in Sweden during a 10-year period. Pathological fractures were excluded. The cohort was subdivided into beta-blocker users and non-users. Poisson regression with robust standard errors and adjustments for confounders was used to evaluate 30-day mortality.

Results

134,915 patients were included of whom 38.9% had ongoing beta-blocker therapy at the time of surgery. Beta-blocker users were significantly older and less fit for surgery. Crude 30-day all-cause mortality was significantly increased in non-users (10.0% versus 3.7%, p < 0.001). Beta-blocker therapy resulted in a 72% relative risk reduction in 30-day all-cause mortality (incidence rate ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.26–0.29, p < 0.001) and was independently associated with a reduction in deaths of cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular origin and deaths due to sepsis or multiorgan failure.

Conclusions

Beta-blockers are associated with significant survival benefits when undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery. Outlined results strongly encourage an interventional design to validate the observed relationship.
Exploring families of energy-dissipation landscapes via tilting: three types of EDP convergence
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Montefusco Alberto , Peletier Mark A.
Published: January 2021

We introduce two new concepts of convergence of gradient systems$$({\mathbf{Q}}, {{\mathcal {E}}}_\varepsilon ,{{\mathcal {R}}}_\varepsilon )$$(Q,Eε,Rε)to a limiting gradient system$$({\mathbf{Q}},{{\mathcal {E}}}_0,{{\mathcal {R}}}_0)$$(Q,E0,R0). These new concepts are called ‘EDP convergence with tilting’ and ‘contact–EDP convergence with tilting.’ Both are based on the energy-dissipation-principle (EDP) formulation of solutions of gradient systems and can be seen as refinements of the Gamma-convergence for gradient flows first introduced by Sandier and Serfaty. The two new concepts are constructed in order to avoid the ‘unnatural’ limiting gradient structures that sometimes arise as limits in EDP convergence. EDP convergence with tilting is a strengthening of EDP convergence by requiring EDP convergence for a full family of ‘tilted’ copies of$$({\mathbf{Q}}, {{\mathcal {E}}}_\varepsilon ,{{\mathcal {R}}}_\varepsilon )$$(Q,Eε,Rε). It avoids unnatural limiting gradient structures, but many interesting systems are non-convergent according to this concept. Contact–EDP convergence with tilting is a relaxation of EDP convergence with tilting and still avoids unnatural limits but applies to a broader class of sequences$$({\mathbf{Q}}, {{\mathcal {E}}}_\varepsilon ,{{\mathcal {R}}}_\varepsilon )$$(Q,Eε,Rε). In this paper, we define these concepts, study their properties, and connect them with classical EDP convergence. We illustrate the different concepts on a number of test problems.
Modeling of orientational polarization within the framework of extended micropolar theory
Authors: Vilchevskaya Elena N. , Müller Wolfgang H.
Published: January 2021

In this paper the process of polarization of transversally polarizable matter is investigated based on concepts from micropolar theory. The process is modeled as a structural change of a dielectric material. On the microscale it is assumed that it consists of rigid dipoles subjected to an external electric field, which leads to a certain degree of ordering. The ordering is limited, because it is counteracted by thermal motion, which favors stochastic orientation of the dipoles. An extended balance equation for the microinertia tensor is used to model these effects. This balance contains a production term. The constitutive equations for this term are split into two parts, one , which accounts for the orienting effect of the applied external electric field, and another one, which is used to represent chaotic thermal motion. Two relaxation times are used to characterize the impact of each term on the temporal development. In addition homogenization techniques are applied in order to determine the final state of polarization. The traditional homogenization is based on calculating the average effective length of polarized dipoles. In a non-traditional approach the inertia tensor of the rigid rods is homogenized. Both methods lead to similar results. The final states of polarization are then compared with the transient simulation. By doing so it becomes possible to link the relaxation times to the finally observed state of order, which in terms of the finally obtained polarization is a measurable quantity.
BCC-ESM1 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP)
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wu Tongwen , Zhang Fang , Furtado Kalli , Xin Xiaoge , Shi Xueli , Li Jianglong , Chu Min , Zhang Li , Liu Qianxia , Yan Jinghui , Wei Min , Ma Qiang
Published: January 2021

BCC-ESM1 is the first version of the Beijing Climate Center’s Earth System Model, and is participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP) is the only CMIP6-endorsed MIP in which BCC-ESM1 is involved. All AerChemMIP experiments in priority 1 and seven experiments in priorities 2 and 3 have been conducted. The DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) and CMIP historical simulations have also been run as the entry card of CMIP6. The AerChemMIP outputs from BCC-ESM1 have been widely used in recent atmospheric chemistry studies. To facilitate the use of the BCC-ESM1 datasets, this study describes the experiment settings and summarizes the model outputs in detail. Preliminary evaluations of BCC-ESM1 are also presented, revealing that: the climate sensitivities of BCC-ESM1 are well within the likely ranges suggested by IPCC AR5; the spatial structures of annual mean surface air temperature and precipitation can be reasonably captured, despite some common precipitation biases as in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models; a spurious cooling bias from the 1960s to 1990s is evident in BCC-ESM1, as in most other ESMs; and the mean states of surface sulfate concentrations can also be reasonably reproduced, as well as their temporal evolution at regional scales. These datasets have been archived on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) node for atmospheric chemistry studies.
The Assessment of Global Surface Temperature Change from 1850s: The C-LSAT2.0 Ensemble and the CMST-Interim Datasets
Authors: Sun Wenbin , Li Qingxiang , Huang Boyin , Cheng Jiayi , Song Zhaoyang , Li Haiyan , Dong Wenjie , Zhai Panmao , Jones Phil
Published: January 2021

Based on C-LSAT2.0, using high- and low-frequency components reconstruction methods, combined with observation constraint masking, a reconstructed C-LSAT2.0 with 756 ensemble members from the 1850s to 2018 has been developed. These ensemble versions have been merged with the ERSSTv5 ensemble dataset, and an upgraded version of the CMST-Interim dataset with 5° × 5° resolution has been developed. The CMST-Interim dataset has significantly improved the coverage rate of global surface temperature data. After reconstruction, the data coverage before 1950 increased from 78%–81% of the original CMST to 81%–89%. The total coverage after 1955 reached about 93%, including more than 98% in the Northern Hemisphere and 81%–89% in the Southern Hemisphere. Through the reconstruction ensemble experiments with different parameters, a good basis is provided for more systematic uncertainty assessment of C-LSAT2.0 and CMST-Interim. In comparison with the original CMST, the global mean surface temperatures are estimated to be cooler in the second half of 19th century and warmer during the 21st century, which shows that the global warming trend is further amplified. The global warming trends are updated from 0.085 ± 0.004°C (10 yr)−1 and 0.128 ± 0.006°C (10 yr)−1 to 0.089 ± 0.004°C (10 yr)−1 and 0.137 ± 0.007°C (10 yr)−1, respectively, since the start and the second half of 20th century.
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in massive rotator cuff tears: does the Hamada classification predict clinical outcomes?
Authors: Kääb Max J. , Kohut Georges , Irlenbusch Ulrich , Joudet Thierry , Reuther Falk
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is a widely recognized treatment to reduce pain and improve shoulder function for patients in various disease stages of cuff tear arthropathy (CTA). However, it remains unclear whether outcomes after RTSA depend on the preoperative stage of CTA. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the Hamada classification influences midterm clinical outcomes after RTSA.

Materials and methods

In this multicenter observational study, patients underwent inverted bearing RTSA for massive rotator cuff tears or CTA. Shoulders were grouped into those with (Hamada grades 4a, 4b, and 5) and those without (Hamada grades 1, 2, and 3) glenohumeral arthritis. Clinical outcomes, including range of motion, Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and visual analog scale for pain and satisfaction, were determined preoperatively and at 24 and > 30 months. All complications were recorded, and survival free from any implant component revision was calculated.

Results

Overall, 202 patients (211 shoulders) were treated with RTSA at a mean age of 75.8 ± 6.6 years (range 41.9–91.6 years). Of these, 144 patients (151 shoulders) were available for a mean follow-up of 79.9 ± 24.7 months (range 30.2–132.3 months). No significant between-group differences were found for clinical outcomes at 24 and > 30 months (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the Hamada classification did not correlate with clinical outcomes at 24 (P = 0.98) and > 30 months (P = 0.29). Revision-free implant component survival was similar between groups (P = 0.17). Postoperative complications were found in 11 shoulders, of which 10 required revision.

Conclusions

Inverted bearing RTSA was found to be an effective treatment with similarly good midterm clinical outcomes, similar revision rates, and high implant survival rates in every stage of massive rotator cuff tears. Overall, the preoperative Hamada classification did not influence clinical outcomes or complications after RTSA.
Leave it or fix it? How fixation of a small posterior malleolar fragment neutralizes rotational forces in trimalleolar fractures
Authors: Evers Julia , Fischer Maren , Raschke Michael , Riesenbeck Oliver , Milstrey Alexander , Gehweiler Dominic , Gueorguiev Boyko , Ochman Sabine
Published: January 2021

Introduction

This study investigated the effects of a small posterior malleolar fragment (PMF), containing less than 25% articular surface area, on ankle joint stability via computed tomography (CT) scanning under full weight bearing in a human cadaveric ankle fracture model.

Materials and methods

A trimalleolar fracture with a PMF of less than 25% articular surface area was created in 6 pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric lower legs. The specimens were randomized into 2 groups stabilized by internal fixation including a positioning screw for syndesmotic reconstruction. In Group I the PMF was addressed by direct screw osteosynthesis, whereas in Group II the fragment was not fixed. Six predefined distances within the ankle were measured under axial loading. CT scans of each specimen were performed in intact and fixated states in neutral position, dorsiflexion and plantar-flexion of the ankle.

Results

In plantar-flexion, significant differences were detected between the groups with regard to rotational instability. Group II demonstrated a significantly increased inward rotation of the fibula compared with Group I.

No significant differences were detected between the groups for each one of the measured distances in any of the three foot positions.

Conclusions

Additional reduction and fixation of a small PMF seems to neutralize rotational forces in the ankle more effectively than a sole syndesmotic screw. Clinically, this becomes relevant in certain phases of the gait cycle. Direct screw osteosynthesis of a small PMF stabilizes the ankle more effectively than a positioning screw.
Forensic age estimation based on fast spin-echo proton density (FSE PD)–weighted MRI of the distal radial epiphysis
Authors: Ekizoglu Oguzhan , Er Ali , Bozdag Mustafa , Moghaddam Negahnaz , Grabherr Silke
Published: January 2021

Radiation exposure is a crucial factor to consider in forensic age estimation. The various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities used in forensic age estimation avoid radiation exposure. This study examined the reliability of distal radius ossification using fast spin-echo proton density (FSE PD)–weighted MRI to estimate age. Left wrist MRI findings of 532 patients aged 10–29 years were evaluated retrospectively using the five-stage system of Dedouit et al. The intra- and interobserver reliability values were κ = 0.906 and 0.869, respectively. Based on the results, the respective minimum ages estimated for stages 4 and 5 were 13.4 and 16.1 years for females, and 15.1 and 17.3 years for males; the method could not estimate an age of 18 years in any case. FSE PD MRI analysis of the distal radius epiphysis provides supportive data and can be used when evaluating the distal radius for forensic age estimation.
Can exercise training enhance the repeated remote ischaemic preconditioning stimulus on peripheral and cerebrovascular function in high-risk individuals?
Authors: Maxwell Joseph D. , France Madeleine , Finnigan Lucy E. M. , Carter Howard H. , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Jones Helen
Published: January 2021

Background

Repeated exposure to remote ischaemic preconditioning (rIPC; short bouts of non-lethal ischaemia) enhances peripheral vascular function within 1 week; whereas, longer periods of rIPC (~ 1 year) may improve cerebral perfusion. Increasing the ‘dose’ of rIPC may lead to superior effects. Given the similarities between exercise and rIPC, we examined whether adding exercise to the rIPC stimulus leads to greater adaptation in systemic vascular function.

Methods

Nineteen individuals with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) were randomly allocated to either 8 weeks of rIPC (n = 9) or 8 weeks of rIPC + exercise (rIPC + Ex) (n = 10). rIPC was applied three times per week in both conditions, and exercise consisted of 50 min (70% heart rate max) of cycling 3 times per week. Peripheral endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after ischaemia–reperfusion (IR). Cerebrovascular function was assessed by dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and cardio-respiratory fitness (VO2peak) using a maximal aerobic capacity test.

Results

FMD% increased by 1.6% (95% CI, 0.4, 2.8) following rIPC + Ex and by 0.3% (− 1.1, 1.5) in the only rIPC but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.65). Neither intervention evoked a change in dCA or in CVR (P > 0.05).VO2peakincreased by 2.8 ml/kg/min (1.7, 3.9) following the rIPC + Ex and by 0.1 ml/kg/min (− 1.0, 1.4) following the rIPC only intervention (P = 0.69).

Conclusion

Combining exercise with rIPC across an 8-week intervention does not lead to superior effects in cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular function compared to a repeated rIPC intervention in individuals at risk of CVD.
Molecular signatures of local adaptation to light in Norway spruce
Authors: Ranade Sonali Sachin , García-Gil María Rosario
Published: January 2021

Main conclusion

Transcriptomic and exome capture analysis reveal an adaptive cline for shade tolerance in Norway spruce. Genes involved in the lignin pathway and immunity seem to play a potential role in contributing towards local adaptation to light.

The study of natural variation is an efficient method to elucidate how plants adapt to local climatic conditions, a key process for the evolution of a species. Norway spruce is a shade-tolerant conifer in which the requirement of far-red light for growth increases latitudinally northwards. The objective of the study is to characterize the genetic control of local adaptation to light enriched in far-red in Norway spruce, motivated by a latitudinal gradient for the Red:Far-red (R:FR) ratio to which Norway spruce has been proven to be genetically adapted. We have established the genomic signatures of local adaptation by conducting transcriptomic (total RNA-sequencing) and genomic analyses (exome capture), for the identification of genes differentially regulated along the cline. RNA-sequencing revealed 274 differentially expressed genes in response to SHADE (low R:FR light), between the southern and northern natural populations in Sweden. Exome capture included analysis of a uniquely large data set (1654 trees) that revealed missense variations in coding regions of nine differentially expressed candidate genes, which followed a latitudinal cline in allele and genotype frequencies. These genes included five transcription factors involved in vital processes like bud-set/bud-flush, lignin pathway, and cold acclimation and other genes that take part in cell-wall remodeling, secondary cell-wall thickening, response to starvation, and immunity. Based on these results, we suggest that the northern populations might not only be able to adjust their growing season in response to low R:FR light, but they may also be better adapted towards disease resistance by up-regulation of the lignin pathway that is linked to immunity. This forms a concrete basis for local adaptation to light quality in Norway spruce, one of the most economically important conifer tree species in Sweden.
Avena fatua caryopsis dormancy release is associated with changes in KAR1 and ABA sensitivity as well as with ABA reduction in coleorhiza and radicle
Authors: Kępczyński Jan , Wójcik Agata , Dziurka Michał
Published: January 2021

Main conclusion

The dormancy release inAvena fatua caryopses was associated with a reduction in the ABA content in embryos, coleorhiza and radicle. The coleorhiza proved more sensitive to KAR1and less sensitive to ABA than the radicle. The inability of dormant caryopses and ABA-treated non-dormant caryopses to complete germination is related to inhibition and delayed of cell-cycle activation, respectively.

As freshly harvestedAvena fatuacaryopses are dormant at 20 °C, they cannot complete germination; the radicle is not able to emerge. Both karrikin 1 (KAR1) and dry after-ripening release dormancy, enabling the emergence of, first, the coleorhiza and later the radicle. The after-ripening removes caryopse sensitivity to KAR1and decreases the sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). The coleorhiza was found to be more sensitive to KAR1, and less sensitive to ABA, than radicles. Effects of KAR1and after-ripening were associated with a reduction of the embryo’s ABA content during caryopsis germination. KAR1was found to decrease the ABA content in the coleorhiza and radicles. Germination of after-ripened caryopses was associated with the progress of cell-cycle activation before coleorhiza emergence. Inhibition of the germination completion due to dormancy or treating the non-dormant caryopses with ABA was associated with a total and partial inhibition of cell-cycle activation, respectively.
Impact of body mass index and socio-economic status on motor development in children and adolescents
Authors: Kakebeeke Tanja H. , Chaouch Aziz , Caflisch Jon , Knaier Elisa , Rousson Valentin , Jenni Oskar G.
Published: January 2021

This study assessed the impact of body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status (SES) on the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment, second version (ZNA-2), a battery of tests of motor development in typically developing children between 3 and 18 years of age. BMI measurements and international socio-economic index data were taken from the normative sample of the ZNA-2 for 321 children (158 boys, 163 girls) with a median age of 9.3 years. The age- and gender-adjusted motor performance of these children was quantified and grouped into five components: fine, pure, and gross motor tasks, static balance, and contralateral associated movements. A total score was also calculated. The associations of BMI and SES with the motor scores contribute to less than 5.1% of the total variance.

Conclusion: The ZNA-2 for motor development is suitable for measuring motor abilities’ development as it is largely independent of the BMI of the child and the SES of the family.

What is Known:• Typical motor development, as measured with the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment, second edition (ZNA-2), is strongly dependent on age and gender.• The ZNA-2 focusses on motor performance, motor quality and simple motor skills.

What is New:• Higher socio-economic status (SES) is associated with slightly better motor performance as measured by the ZNA-2 total score.• In the ZNA-2 less than 5.1% of the variability in motor performance is attributable to the combined effect of body mass index and SES.
Vector-borne pathogens in dogs of different regions of Iran and Pakistan
Authors: Iatta Roberta , Sazmand Alireza , Nguyen Viet-Linh , Nemati Farzad , Ayaz Muhammad Mazhar , Bahiraei Zahra , Zafari Salman , Giannico Anna , Greco Grazia , Dantas-Torres Filipe , Otranto Domenico
Published: January 2021

Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, mainly due to favorable climate conditions and reduced adoption of preventive measures. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the prevalence of CVBDs in Iran and Pakistan where limited data are available. Blood samples were collected from 403 dogs from six provinces in Iran and Pakistan to assess the presence of pathogen DNA (i.e.,Anaplasmaspp.,Coxiella burnetii,Ehrlichiaspp.,Rickettsiaspp.,Babesiaspp.,Hepatozoonspp., filarioids, andLeishmaniaspp.). Sera were also screened by an immunofluorescence antibody test for the detection of antibodies againstLeishmania infantum. In total, 46.9% of dogs scored positive toHepatozoon canisbeing the most frequently detected (41.4%), followed byAnaplasma platys(6.4%),Ehrlichia canis(3.4%),Rickettsiaspp. (2.2%),Babesia vogeli(1.0%), andL. infantum(0.3%). A seroprevalence of 9.6% to anti-L. infantumIgG was also recorded. Data reported herein demonstrate that dogs from Iran and Pakistan are at a high risk of CVBDs, particularly of canine hepatozoonosis. Effective control strategies are advocated for minimizing the risk of infection in animals and humans, also in consideration of the zoonotic potential of some pathogens detected.
Fünfzig Jahre Schielbehandlung – Ein Erfahrungsbericht aus Klinik und Praxis
Authors: Stangler-Zuschrott Elfriede
Published: January 2021

Der Aufbau der orthoptischen Abteilung an der historischen I. Univ.-Augenklinik Wien zwischen 1960 und 1997 und die internationalen Fortschritte werden beschrieben, jedoch auch die besonderen Behandlungsmethoden der Klinik, wie z. B. der Ausgleich des Schielwinkels mit Prismen vor Schieloperationen oder die Prismenbehandlung von kindlichem Strabismus ohne Operation. Bei Entlassung von der Klinik fühlt sich der Patient als subjektiv geheilt. Die Nachhaltigkeit der Therapie zeigt sich erst später in der augenärztlichen Praxis. Die Vielzahl von Amblyopien, konsekutiven Divergenzen, Diplopien oder Horror fusionis nach mehrfachen Schieloperationen lässt unsere Schielbehandlung als fragwürdig erscheinen. Schielen ist nur selten ein anatomisches Problem, vielmehr ein funktionelles. Ohne Fusion ist ein dauerhafter Parallelstand der Augen nicht möglich. Daher ist für die Zukunft ein geändertes Programm zu empfehlen: weniger Operationen in der Kindheit, mehr Fusionstraining mit Prismen und dem jungen Patienten mehr Zeit geben für seine Entwicklung.
Periodontitis related to cardiovascular events and mortality: a long-time longitudinal study
Authors: Bengtsson Viveca Wallin , Persson Gösta Rutger , Berglund Johan Sanmartin , Renvert Stefan
Published: January 2021

Objective

The present study assessed if individuals ≥ 60 years of age with periodontitis are more likely to develop stroke or ischemic heart diseases, or at a higher risk of death for 17 years.

Material and methods

At baseline individuals ≥ 60 received a dental examination including a panoramic radiograph. Periodontitis was defined as having ≥ 30% sites with ≥ 5-mm distance from the cementoenamel junction to the marginal bone level. Medical records were annually reviewed from 2001 to 2018. Findings from the medical records identifying an ICD-10 code of stroke and ischemic heart diseases or death were registered.

Results

Associations between periodontitis and incidence of ischemic heart disease were found in this 17-year follow-up study in all individuals 60–93 years (HR: 1.5, CI: 1.1–2.1, p = 0.017), in women (HR: 2.1, CI: 1.3–3.4, p = 0.002), and in individuals 78–96 years (HR: 1.7, CI: 1.0–2.6, p = 0.033). Periodontitis was associated with mortality in all individuals (HR: 1.4, CI: 1.2–1.8, p = 0.002), specifically in men (HR: 1.5, CI: 1.1–1.9, p = 0.006) or in ages 60–72 years (HR: 2.2, CI: 1.5–3.2, p = 0.000). Periodontitis was more prevalent among men (OR: 1.8, CI: 1.3–2.4, p = 0.000).

Conclusions

Individuals with periodontitis have an increased risk for future events of ischemic heart diseases and death.

Clinical relevance

Improving periodontal health in older individuals may reduce overall mortality and ischemic heart diseases. Both dental and medical professionals should be aware of the associations and ultimately cooperate.
Fatigue behaviour of dental crowns made from a novel high-performance polymer PEKK
Authors: Katzenbach Anne , Dörsam Istabrak , Stark Helmut , Bourauel Christoph , Keilig Ludger
Published: January 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was, firstly, to analyse the long-time fatigue behaviour of crowns constructed from a novel polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) polymer, using artificial prepared teeth. Secondly, to determine the effect of the material’s stiffness that used as an artificial prepared tooth on the fatigue life of the PEKK crowns in comparison to human prepared teeth.

Methods

Veneered crowns with a PEKK framework were constructed on three different prepared teeth: artificial polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) teeth, artificial CoCr teeth and extracted human teeth. As far as applicable, the loading protocol was based on EN ISO 14801:2007 for fatigue testing of dental implants. After initial static fracture tests on three specimens from each group, the remaining crowns were loaded with different force levels until fracture or until 2 × 106loading cycles were reached. The number of loading cycles until failure was recorded. Wöhler curves were created to display the fatigue limits.

Results

Static fracture limits as well as fatigue limits differed for all three core materials. The static fracture tests resulted in fracture limits of 1200 (± 293) N for the PMMA group, 1330 (± 219) N for the CoCr group and 899 (± 96) N for the human tooth group. Fatigue limits of 770 N, 840 N and 720 N were determined for the PMMA group, CoCr group and human tooth group, respectively.

Conclusions

The determined fatigue limit of above 720 N (depending on the core material) is sufficiently high and a good performance of this crown material is expected in the clinical loading life. The results showed that using artificial teeth instead of natural teeth for fatigue testing of crowns might result in an overestimation of the fatigue limits of the crown material.

Clinical relevance

PEKK-made crowns offer a stable and priceworthy treatment for patients, in particular those that suffer from metal allergy.
On the Impact of Fluid Structure Interaction in Blood Flow Simulations
Authors: Failer Lukas , Minakowski Piotr , Richter Thomas
Published: January 2021

We study the impact of using fluid-structure interactions (FSI) to simulate blood flow in a stenosed artery. We compare typical flow configurations using Navier–Stokes in a rigid geometry setting to a fully coupled FSI model. The relevance of vascular elasticity is investigated with respect to several questions of clinical importance. Namely, we study the effect of using FSI on the wall shear stress distribution, on the Fractional Flow Reserve and on the damping effect of a stenosis on the pressure amplitude during the pulsatile cycle. The coupled problem is described in a monolithic variational formulation based on Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) coordinates. For comparison, we perform pure Navier–Stokes simulations on a pre-stressed geometry to give a good matching of both configurations. A series of numerical simulations that cover important hemodynamical factors are presented and discussed.
Bodily emotional expressions are a primary source of information for dogs, but not for humans
Authors: Correia-Caeiro Catia , Guo Kun , Mills Daniel
Published: January 2021

Dogs have remarkable abilities to synergise their behaviour with that of people, but how dogs read facial and bodily emotional cues in comparison to humans remains unclear. Both species share the same ecological niche, are highly social and expressive, making them an ideal comparative model for intra- and inter-species emotion perception. We compared eye-tracking data from unrestrained humans and dogs when viewing dynamic and naturalistic emotional expressions in humans and dogs. Dogs attended more to the body than the head of human and dog figures, unlike humans who focused more on the head of both species. Dogs and humans also showed a clear age effect that reduced head gaze. Our results indicate a species-specific evolutionary adaptation for emotion perception, which is only partly modified for heterospecific cues. These results have important implications for managing the risk associated with human–dog interactions, where expressive and perceptual differences are crucial.
Foramen magnum meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paun Luca , Gondar Renato , Borrelli Paola , Meling Torstein R.
Published: January 2021

Foramen magnum meningiomas (FMMs) account for 1.8–3.2% of all meningiomas. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, our goal is to detail epidemiology, clinical features, surgical aspects, and outcomes of this rare pathology. Using PRISMA 2015 guidelines, we reviewed case series, mixed series, or retrospective observational cohorts with description of surgical technique, patient and lesion characteristics, and pre- and postoperative clinical status. A meta-analysis was performed to search for correlations between meningioma characteristics and rate of gross total resection (GTR). We considered 33 retrospective studies or case series, including 1053 patients, mostly females (53.8%), with a mean age of 52 years. The mean follow-up was of 51 months (range 0–258 months). 65.6% of meningiomas were anterior, and the mean diameter was of 29 mm, treated with different surgical approaches. Postoperatively, 17.2% suffered complications (both surgery- and non-surgery-related) and 2.5% had a recurrence. The Karnofsky performance score improved in average after surgical treatment (75 vs. 81, p < 0.001). Our meta-analysis shows significant rates of GTR in cohorts with a majority of posterior and laterally located FMM (p = 0.025) and with a mean tumor less than 25 mm (p < 0.05). FMM is a rare and challenging pathology whose treatment should be multidisciplinary, focusing on quality of life. Surgery still remains the gold standard and aim at maximal resection with neurological function preservation. Adjuvant therapies are needed in case of subtotal removal, non-grade I lesions, or recurrence. Specific risk factors for recurrence, other than Simpson grading, need further research.
Serum albumin concentrations are associated with disease severity and outcomes in coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Mangoni Arduino Aleksander , Cangemi Michela , Fois Alessandro Giuseppe , Carru Ciriaco , Zinellu Angelo
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for the most threatening pandemic in modern history. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the associations between serum albumin concentrations and COVID-19 disease severity and adverse outcomes. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, from inception to October 30, 2020. Sixty-seven studies in 19,760 COVID-19 patients (6141 with severe disease or poor outcome) were selected for analysis. Pooled results showed that serum albumin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with severe disease or poor outcome (standard mean difference, SMD: − 0.99 g/L; 95% CI, − 1.11 to − 0.88,p < 0.001). In multivariate meta-regression analysis, age (t =  − 2.13,p = 0.043), publication geographic area (t = 2.16,p = 0.040), white blood cell count (t =  − 2.77,p = 0.008) and C-reactive protein (t =  − 2.43,p = 0.019) were significant contributors of between-study variance. Therefore, lower serum albumin concentrations are significantly associated with disease severity and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. The assessment of serum albumin concentrations might assist with early risk stratification and selection of appropriate care pathways in this group.
Nonlinear two-dimensional free surface solutions of flow exiting a pipe and impacting a wedge
Authors: Doak Alex , Vanden-Broeck Jean-Marc
Published: January 2021

This paper concerns the flow of fluid exiting a two-dimensional pipe and impacting an infinite wedge. Where the flow leaves the pipe there is a free surface between the fluid and a passive gas. The model is a generalisation of both plane bubbles and flow impacting a flat plate. In the absence of gravity and surface tension, an exact free streamline solution is derived. We also construct two numerical schemes to compute solutions with the inclusion of surface tension and gravity. The first method involves mapping the flow to the lower half-plane, where an integral equation concerning only boundary values is derived. This integral equation is solved numerically. The second method involves conformally mapping the flow domain onto a unit disc in the s-plane. The unknowns are then expressed as a power series in s. The series is truncated, and the coefficients are solved numerically. The boundary integral method has the additional advantage that it allows for solutions with waves in the far-field, as discussed later. Good agreement between the two numerical methods and the exact free streamline solution provides a check on the numerical schemes.
Graphene Oxide/Silver Nanocomposites as Antifouling Coating on Sensor Housing Materials
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxue , Mikkelsen Øyvind
Published: January 2021

These days, sensors are widely used in a variety of underwater sites like marine monitoring, fish-farming and water quality monitoring. However, to achieve reliable sensor data from long-term monitoring in aqueous solution, several challenges still need to be solved. Biofilm formation both on sensor housings and membranes is among one of the most serious challenges, which strongly influences the sensor responds and the validity of the results. To prevent biofilm growth, a series of graphene oxide (GO)/silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) nanocomposites (GOA) have been developed and coated on sensor housing materials, e.g. polypropylene. The antifouling property of the GOA nanocomposite has been demonstrated by antifouling tests using Halomonas. Pacifica (Baumann et al.) Dobson and Franzmann (ATCC® 27122) (H. Pacifica) and a mixture of marine algae. The antifouling property of GOA composites has been proved to be closely related to the dispersibility of Ag NP. The overall work might provide valuable insight into developing antifouling materials for sensors in general.
Structured Digital Self-Assessment of Patient Anamnesis Prior to Computed Tomography: Performance Evaluation and Added Value
Authors: Kopp M. , Wetzl M. , Geissler F. , Roth J. P. , Wallner R. , Hoefler D. , Faby S. , Allmendinger T. , Amarteifio P. , Wuest W. , Cavallaro A. , Uder M. , May M. S.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a tablet-based, digitized structured self-assessment (DSSA) of patient anamnesis (PA) prior to computed tomography (CT). Of the 317 patients consecutively referred for CT, the majority (n = 294) was able to complete the tablet-based questionnaire, which consisted of 67 items covering social anamnesis, lifestyle factors (e.g., tobacco abuse), medical history (e.g., kidney diseases), current symptoms, and the usability of the system. Patients were able to mark unclear questions for a subsequent discussion with the radiologist. Critical issues for the CT examination were structured and automatically highlighted as “red flags” (RFs) in order to improve patient interaction. RFs and marked questions were highly prevalent (69.5% and 26%). Missing creatinine values (33.3%), kidney diseases (14.4%), thyroid diseases (10.6%), metformin (5.5%), claustrophobia (4.1%), allergic reactions to contrast agents (2.4%), and pathological TSH values (2.0%) were highlighted most frequently as RFs. Patient feedback regarding the comprehensibility of the questionnaire and the tablet usability was mainly positive (90.9%; 86.2%). With advanced age, however, patients provided more negative feedback for both (p = 0.007; p = 0.039). The time effort was less than 20 min for 85.1% of patients, and faster patients were significantly younger (p = 0.046). Overall, the DSSA of PA prior to CT shows a high success rate and is well accepted by most patients. RFs and marked questions were common and helped to focus patients’ interactions and reporting towards decisive aspects.
Idiosyncratic volatility, option-based measures of informed trading, and investor attention
Authors: Mohrschladt Hannes , Schneider Judith C.
Published: January 2021

We establish a direct link between sophisticated investors in the option market, private stock market investors, and the idiosyncratic volatility (IVol) puzzle. To do so, we employ three option-based volatility spreads and attention data from Google Trends. In line with the IVol puzzle, the volatility spreads indicate that sophisticated investors indeed consider high-IVol stocks as being overvalued. Moreover, the option measures help to distinguish overpriced from fairly priced high-IVol stocks. Thus, these measures are able to predict the IVol puzzle’s magnitude in the cross-section of stock returns. Further, we link the origin of the IVol puzzle to the trading activity of irrational private investors as the return predictability only exists among stocks that receive a high level of private investor attention. Overall, our joint examination of option and stock markets sheds light on the behavior of different investor groups and their contribution to the IVol puzzle. Thereby, our analyses support the intuitive idea that noise trading leads to mispricing, which is identified by sophisticated investors and exploited in the option market.
Accelerating iterative CT reconstruction algorithms using Tensor Cores
Authors: Nourazar Mohsen , Goossens Bart
Published: January 2021

Tensor Cores are specialized hardware units added to recent NVIDIA GPUs to speed up matrix multiplication-related tasks, such as convolutions and densely connected layers in neural networks. Due to their specific hardware implementation and programming model, Tensor Cores cannot be straightforwardly applied to other applications outside machine learning. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of using NVIDIA Tensor Cores for the acceleration of a non-machine learning application: iterative Computed Tomography (CT) reconstruction. For large CT images and real-time CT scanning, the reconstruction time for many existing iterative reconstruction methods is relatively high, ranging from seconds to minutes, depending on the size of the image. Therefore, CT reconstruction is an application area that could potentially benefit from Tensor Core hardware acceleration. We first studied the reconstruction algorithm’s performance as a function of the hardware related parameters and proposed an approach to accelerate reconstruction on Tensor Cores. The results show that the proposed method provides about 5$$\times $$×increase in speed and energy saving using the NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti GPU for the parallel projection of 32 images of size$$512\times 512$$512×512. The relative reconstruction error due to the mixed-precision computations was almost equal to the error of single-precision (32-bit) floating-point computations. We then presented an approach for real-time and memory-limited applications by exploiting the symmetry of the system (i.e., the acquisition geometry). As the proposed approach is based on the conjugate gradient method, it can be generalized to extend its application to many research and industrial fields.
Veränderte Kompetenzanforderungen an Mitarbeitende infolge zunehmender Automatisierung – Eine Arbeitsfeldbetrachtung
Authors: Rieth Michèle , Hagemann Vera
Published: January 2021

Basierend auf einer Arbeitsfeldbetrachtung im Bereich der Flugsicherung in Österreich und der Schweiz liefert dieser Artikel der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) einen Überblick über automatisierungsbedingte Veränderungen und die daraus resultierenden neuen Kompetenzanforderungen an die Beschäftigten im Hochverantwortungsbereich. Bestehende Tätigkeitsstrukturen und Arbeitsrollen verändern sich infolge zunehmender Automatisierung grundlegend, sodass Organisationen neuen Herausforderungen gegenüberstehen und sich neue Kompetenzanforderungen an Mitarbeitende ergeben. Auf Grundlage von 9 problemzentrierten Interviews mit Fluglotsen sowie 4 problemzentrierten Interviews mit Piloten werden die Veränderungen infolge zunehmender Automatisierung und die daraus resultierenden neuen Kompetenzanforderungen an die Beschäftigten in einer High Reliability Organization dargestellt. Dieser Organisationskontext blieb bisher in der wissenschaftlichen Debatte um neue Kompetenzen infolge von Automatisierung weitestgehend unberücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Mensch in High Reliability Organizations durch Technik zwar entlastet und unterstützt werden kann, aber nicht zu ersetzen ist. Die Rolle des Menschen wird im Sinne eines Systemüberwachenden passiver, wodurch die Gefahr eines Fähigkeitsverlustes resultiert und der eigene Einfluss der Beschäftigten abnimmt. Ferner scheinen die Anforderungen, denen sie sich infolge zunehmender Automatisierung gegenüberstehen sehen, zuzunehmen, was in einem Spannungsfeld zu ihrer passiven Rolle zu stehen scheint. Die Erkenntnisse werden diskutiert und praktische Implikationen für das Kompetenzmanagement und die Arbeitsgestaltung zur Minimierung der identifizierten restriktiven Arbeitsbedingungen abgeleitet.
„The King’s Speech“ oder „My Castle, my Rules“ – Zur Prozessgestaltung in der Beratung
Authors: Bachmann Thomas
Published: January 2021

Anhand der Art und Weise, wie der Therapeut im Film „The King’s Speech“ (GBR, USA, AUS, 2010) die Arbeitsbeziehung gestaltet, wird die Verantwortungsdynamik in einem ko-kreativen Veränderungsprozess beschrieben und analysiert. Es werden Elemente der Beziehungsgestaltung für Therapie, Coaching und Beratung dargestellt und Handlungsmöglichkeiten für die Auftragsklärung abgeleitet.