bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A human rights perspective on the right to participate in public affairs - equal participation of women
Authors:   Faculty of Public Administration, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration Bucharest, Romania, MARINICĂ Claudia Elena
Published: August 2024

The present paper aims to analyse the right to participate in public affairs from a human rights perspective, a right that paves the way for other human rights, with a focus on women's participation, at EU level, in the context of ensuring gender equality and non-discrimination. This article is qualitative research, starting from the documentary and legislative analysis of this right, as it is perceived at the level of international organizations, going up to a comparative approach of statistical data on women's participation in political life in the European Union, in the last legislature (2019-2024), with a focus on the situation in Romania. The question of the article is whether the right to participate in public affairs, an essential human right, manages to contribute to the exercise of other human rights, such as freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of association and freedom of peaceful assembly, the right to equality and non-discrimination etc., influencing them and guaranteeing their effective contribution to ensuring democracy and the rule of law in the European Union. It is concluded that the protection, respect and implementation of the right to participate in public affair and other related rights, which are mutually reinforcing, ultimately succeed in achieving this result, even if there are still challenges to be faced, continuing to be as current the need to strengthen confidence in participation in political life and public affairs.
The impact of digital transformation on democracy. A study case on #rezist movements
Authors:   Faculty of Business and Administration, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, LUNGU Petruț-Cătălin
Published: August 2024

This paper examines how the evolution of information technologies and digital tools has revealed their capacity to facilitate mass participation in legislative processes. Our primary objective is to highlight the transformative role of digital platforms in strengthening digital democracy. By analyzing the intersection of technology and civic participation, we aim to illustrate how digital tools are reshaping traditional democratic paradigms and empowering citizens to actively contribute to governance (Raiu, 2015). Particularly, the Romanian #rezist protest exemplifies the power of online organization and mobilization in contemporary activism through digital platforms. In this context, the #rezist movement underscores how digital technologies can facilitate rapid and effective mobilization, transcending geographical boundaries to foster a unified voice for social and political change
THE EXCLUSIVE ROLE OF THE GREAT LEADER HAYDAR ALIEV IN THE FORMATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Əkbəri Təranə
Published: August 2024

During the activity of the Great Leader, who had unparalleled services in the development of the Azerbaijani people and statehood, the environmental situation in the country was always in the center of special attention, and measures were taken on the priorities set for environmental protection. Heydar Aliyev's visionary policy, including the recommendations given in the field of ecology, are still being guided by the work done today. The great leader Heydar Aliyev was the initiator and organizer of the global nature protection measures implemented in the republic in 1969-1982, when he led Azerbaijan. In those years, there were 8 laws on ecology, nature protection and efficient use of natural resources, and 32 decisions of the Central Committee of the Central Committee of Azerbaijan, the Council of Ministers. In those years, our great leader Heydar Aliyev pursued a purposeful policy in the field of improving the ecological situation and efficient use of natural resources in the Republic of Azerbaijan. National leader Heydar Aliyev, who came to power again in 1993, successfully continued his purposeful policy in the direction of improving the ecological situation and using natural resources in Azerbaijan.
GREAT LEADER HEYDAR ALIYEV PHENOMENON: HISTORY AND PERSONALITY
Authors: Seyidli Samirə
Published: August 2024

In these scientific studies, the political activity of National Leader Heydar Aliyev is mainly related to the second half of the 20th century. As a whole, the 20th century is characterized as a dramatic century full of global contradictions, where many turbulent events took place in human history, two world wars broke out, numerous nation-states emerged, political and economic crises were inevitable, and at the same time, processes that spur world development were experienced. It is precisely thanks to historical figures that humanity made the transition from a conflicting, fiery world to a stable and stable world.
CREATION OF AN INFORMAL ENVIRONMENT FOR STUDYING NATURAL SCIENCES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Babayeva Səbinə
Published: August 2024

The main objects of research in this article can be formulated in the form of the following brief idea: University teachers face new problems that put more pressure on the development of the learning environment [11]. Many of them are related to the introduction of new pedagogical approaches, the rapid development of educational technologies, the diversification of non-traditional groups of students in need of flexible courses, as well as growing expectations about the skills needed in their current and future lives. These changes are also consistent with a larger transformation, described as a transition from the instruction paradigm to the learning paradigm, or can be seen as a transition from transferring knowledge to students to building knowledge.
The Concept of the Absurd: Camus' Literary Exploration of Existential Philosophy
Authors: Mammadova Ilhama
Published: August 2024

This article explores Albert Camus' literary embodiment of the concept of the absurd within the framework of existential philosophy. By analyzing major works such as "The Stranger," "The Plague," and "The Fall," the article illustrates how Camus articulates the conflict between the human quest for meaning and an indifferent universe. The discussion includes an introduction to existentialism, the definition of the absurd, and the thematic and symbolic elements in Camus' novels. The article also addresses Camus' influence on literature and philosophy, his philosophical contributions, and critiques and interpretations of his work. Ultimately, it highlights the enduring relevance of Camus' exploration of the absurd in contemporary discourse, encouraging readers to engage with his works and the profound questions they pose about meaning, existence, and the human condition.
Proverbs in Pedagogy: Their Role in Language Teaching and Cultural Transmission
Authors: Babazade Yasin
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of integrating proverbs into language teaching and cultural transmission. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys, interviews, and classroom observations to measure improvements in language proficiency, critical thinking, and intercultural competence among students. The findings reveal that proverbs significantly enhance language learning by improving vocabulary acquisition, syntactic knowledge, and idiomatic usage, while also fostering higher-order cognitive skills and cultural awareness. The study highlights the need for further research to explore the long-term and causal effects of proverbs in diverse educational contexts and provides practical recommendations for educators and institutions to incorporate proverbs into their teaching practices effectively.
A systematic mapping study of applying artificial intelligence and data analytics in law and jurisdiction: legal ontologies based on technology
Authors: Pulatovna Khaydarova Umida
Published: August 2024

The use of technology in legal reasoning has become the mainstream direction of legalsystems and governments. Especially, higher quality services provided by artificial intelligence and bigdata technologies enable lawyers and government officials to reduce the risk of inappropriatelegislation and act efficiently. Although a significant number of researches have been conducted sofar in that area, there is still an increasing need for structuring knowledge ontologies about the use ofartificial intelligence and data analysis in law and jurisdiction. Therefore, this paper aims to provide acomprehensive overview of applications of those higher-level technologies in legal reasoning andprocessing by identifying, classifying, and evaluating existing literature related to that area of research.The main procedures of this study include planning of the study (definitions of research questions andthe scope and establishment of the search strategy and selection criteria) and conducting of the study(analysis & mapping, data extraction & classification, selection of primary studies, and searchexecution). As a result of this systematic mapping study, the findings include a classified portfolio ofpublications, higher level mapping of the structure of existing literature, and visualized status of thetarget research area about pre-established research questions. Based on the findings of thissystematic study, the author draws implications and guidelines for lawyers and government officialswho have an interest in using such first-class technologies in their jobs. Finally, this article also providesresearch agenda to fill in the gaps in this knowledge domain and spot research trends.
Stochastic Programming Models for Long-Term Energy Transition Planning
Authors: McDonald Molly A. , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: August 2024

With growing concern over the effects of green-house gas emissions, there has been an increase in emission-reducing policies by governments around the world, with over 70 countries having set net-zero emission goals by 2050-2060. These are ambitious goals that will require large investments into the expansion of renewable and low-carbon technologies. The decisions about which technologies should be invested in can be difficult to make since they are based on information about the future, which is uncertain. When considering emerging technologies, a source of uncertainty to consider is how the costs will develop over time. Learning curves are used to model the decrease in cost as the total installed capacity of a technology increases. However, the extent to which the cost decreases is uncertain. To address the uncertainty present in multiple aspects of the energy sector, multistage stochastic programming is employed considering both exogenous and endogenous uncertainties. It is observed in scenarios when costs of emerging technologies decrease to competitive prices, decisions to invest in these technologies should be made earlier to allow for the decrease in costs to be taken advantage of in the future. Noticeably, a wider variety of energy and biofuel technologies are invested in when uncertainty is included. Interestingly, it is also seen that there are lower carbon emissions when uncertainty is considered.
Hybrid Rule-based and Optimization-driven Decision Framework for the Rapid Synthesis of End-to-End Optimal (E2EO) and Sustainable Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Flowsheets
Authors: Barhate Yash , Casas-Orozco Daniel , Laky Daniel J. , Reklaitis Gintaras V. , Nagy Zoltan K.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a hybrid heuristic rule-based and deterministic optimization-driven process decision framework is presented for the analysis and optimization of process flowsheets for end-to-end optimal (E2E0) pharmaceutical manufacturing. The framework accommodates various operating modes, such as batch, semi-batch and continuous, for the different unit operations that implement each manufacturing step. To address the challenges associated with solving process synthesis problems using a simulation-optimization approach, heuristic-based process synthesis rules are employed to facilitate the reduction of the superstructure into smaller sub-structures that can be more readily optimized. The practical application of the framework is demonstrated through a case study involving the end-to-end continuous manufacturing of an anti-cancer drug, lomustine. Alternative flowsheet structures are evaluated in terms of the sustainability metric, E-factor while ensuring compliance with the required production targets and critical product quality attributes.
Modeling the Maximization of Waste Heat Use in a Liquid Solvent Direct Air Capture Plant Through Hydrogen Production
Authors: Arwa Erick O. , Schell Kristen R.
Published: August 2024

Direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide is a promising technology to enable climate change mitigation. The liquid solvent DAC (LSDAC) process is one of the leading technologies being piloted. However, LSDAC uses a high-temperature regeneration process which requires a lot of thermal energy. Although current LSDAC designs incorporate pre-heat cyclones and a heat recovery steam generator to enable heat recovery, these do not maximize the use of the heat in the products of calcination. In this paper, a linear optimization model is developed to minimize energy cost in a LSDAC that is powered by renewable energy and natural gas. First, the material flow network is modified to include a heat exchanger (HX) and water supply to a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser. Mass and energy balance constraints are then developed to include the water flow as well as the energy balance at the PEM and the HX. Results show that about 911 tonnes of hydrogen could be produced over 336 hours of operation using a 136MW PEM. Further analysis reveals that hydrogen production is only prioritized if the value is higher than the cost of natural gas.
Laying the foundations of Machine Learning in Undergraduate Education through Engineering Mathematics
Authors: Naraharisetti Pavan Kumar
Published: August 2024

Some educators place an emphasis on the commonalities between engineering mathematics with process control, among others and this helps students see the bigger picture of what is being taught. Traditionally, some of the concepts such as diffusion and heat transfer are taught with a mathematical point of view. Now-a-days, Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as topic of greater interest to both educators and learners and new and disparate modules are sometimes introduced to teach the same. With the emergence of these new topics, some students (falsely) believe that ML is a new field that is somehow different and not linked to engineering mathematics. In this work, we show the link between the different topics from engineering mathematics, that are traditionally taught in UG education, with ML. We hope that educators and learners will appreciate the treatise and think differently, and we further hope that this will further increase the interest to improve ML models.
Optimal Design of Intensified Towers for CO2 Capture with Internal, Printed Heat Exchangers
Authors: Summits Stephen , Akula Paul , Bhattacharyya Debangsu , Panagakos Grigorios , Omell Benjamin , Matuszewski Michael
Published: August 2024

Solvent-based carbon capture processes typically suffer from the temperature rise of the solvent due to the heat of absorption of CO2. This increased temperature is not thermodynamically favorable and results in a significant reduction in performance in the absorber column. As opposed to interstage coolers, which only remove, cool, and return the solvent at discrete locations in the column, internal coolers that are integrated with the packing can cool the process inline, which can result in improved efficiency. This work presents the modeling of these internal coolers within an existing generic, equation-oriented absorber column model that can cool the process while allowing for simultaneous mass transfer. Optimization of this model is also performed, which is capable of optimally choosing the best locations to place these devices, such that heat removal and mass transfer area are balanced. Results of the optimization have shown that optimally placed cooling elements result in a significant increase in the capture efficiency of the process, compared to a similar column with no internal cooling, with a common trend being the cooling of the column in the temperature bulge region. It is observed that by optimally placing an internal cooler, the solvent flow rate can be decreased, and the CO2 lean loading can be increased while still maintaining the same efficiency. These process changes can lead to a substantial reduction in costs due to lower reboiler duty.
CO2 Mitigation in Chemical Processes: Role of Process Recycle Optimization
Authors: Hildebrandt Diane , Fox James , Stacey Neil , Sempuga Baraka C.
Published: August 2024

In designing low-carbon processes, the unintended emission of CO2 remains a significant concern due to its global environmental impact. This paper explores carbon management within chemical processes, specifically examining the correlation between the process material balance (PMB) and CO2 emissions to understand and identify the potential for reducing these emissions. We interrogate the foundational issue of carbon discharge by analyzing the interplay among mass, energy, and entropy balances, which collectively influence the PMB. We introduce the concept of the Target Material Balance (TMB), which represents the material balance of a process corresponding to minimum CO2 emissions within the given constraints. We could ask what decisions in the design and operation of processes result in higher CO2 emissions than the TMB. We will focus on the interaction between reactions and recycles and how the arrangement of recycles in processes can inadvertently change the PMB, thereby increasing CO2 emissions substantially above that of the TMB. We will demonstrate how recycle streams can be introduced to modify the PMB to approximate the TMB more closely. We will finally illustrate these concepts using simple examples, which demonstrate that a carbon-emitting process, such as reforming, can have the TMBs adjusted to create a design that not only reduces carbon emissions but eliminates them entirely.
Design of Plastic Waste Chemical Recycling Process Considering Uncertainty
Authors: Yuliu Zhifei , Luo Yuqing , Ierapetritou Marianthi
Published: August 2024

Chemical recycling of plastics is a promising technology to reduce carbon footprint and ease the pressure of waste treatment. Specifically, highly efficient conversion technologies for polyolefins will be the most effective solution to address the plastic waste crisis, given that polyolefins are the primary contributors to global plastic production. Significant challenges encountered by plastic waste valorization facilities include the uncertainty in the composition of the waste feedstock, process yield, and product price. These variabilities can lead to compromised performance or even render operations infeasible. To address these challenges, this work applied the robust optimization-based framework to design an integrated polyolefin chemical recycling plant. Data-driven surrogate model was built to capture the separation units� behavior and reduce the computational complexity of the optimization problem. It was found that when process yield and price uncertainties were considered, wax products became more favorable, and pyrolysis became the preferred reaction technology.
Simultaneous Optimization of Design and Operating Conditions for RPB-based CO2 Capture Process
Authors: Jung Howoun , Park NohJin , Lee Jay H.
Published: August 2024

Although global efforts for CO2 capture are underway, large-scale CO2 capture projects still face economic risks and technical challenges. The Rotating Packed Bed (RPB) provides an alternative solution by mitigating location constraints and enabling a gradual increase in the scale of CO2 capture through compact modular sizes. However, the main challenge in RPB-based CO2 capture processes lies in the limited experience with implementing industrial-scale RPB processes. The intricate relationship between RPB unit design, operating conditions, and process performance further complicates the process-level analysis for scale-up. To address these challenges, we propose an optimization-based process design for RPB-based CO2 capture. Leveraging rigorous process modeling and simulation, we aim to make simultaneous decisions on RPB unit design and operating conditions. Ultimately, our goal is to develop a cost-effective and optimal RPB-based CO2 capture process, supported by comprehensive cost evaluations. This modularized and cost-effective approach is expected to facilitate rapid implementation and gradual scale-up, thereby reducing entry barriers to CO2 capture technology for industries.
The Impact of Electri?ed Process Heating on Process Design, Control and Operations
Authors: Rho Jong Hyun , Baldea Michael , Endler Elizabeth E. , Herediac Monica A. , Bojovic Vesna , Pajand Pejman
Published: August 2024

We study the impact of switching from combustion heating to electric heating in processes comprising high temperature reaction/separation sequences, where the heat supporting the reaction(s) is substantially provided by combusting a reaction byproduct (fuel gas). A canonical process structure is de?ned. It is shown that the conventional combustion- based process presents signi?cant interactions. An asymptotic analysis is utilized to investigate and compare the dynamic responses of the conventional and electric process configurations. It is demonstrated that the dynamic behavior of the two processes exhibits two timescales, with the faster corresponding to the evolution of the temperatures of the units with high heat duty, and the slow time scale capturing the variables involved in the material balance. A simpli?ed ethylene cracking process example is used to demonstrate these findings.
IDAES-PSE Software Tools for Optimizing Energy Systems and Market Interactions
Authors: Laky Daniel J. , Gooty Radhakrishna Tumbalam , Jaffe Tyler , Holly Marcus , Atia Adam , Chen Xinhe , Dowling Alexander W.
Published: August 2024

Modern power grids coordinate electricity production and consumption via multi-scale wholesale energy markets. Historically, levelized cost metrics were the de facto standard for techno-economic analyses of energy systems and comparison of technology options. However, these metrics neglect the complexity of energy infrastructure including the time-varying value of electricity. An emerging alternative is multi-period optimization, which considers the locational marginal price of electricity as input data (parameters). In this work, we present a general interface for multi-period optimization with time-varying energy prices to facilitate rapid analysis and comparison of potential energy systems models. The PriceTakerModel class is written in the IDAES�-PSE platform and allows users to generate a multi-period, price-taker model instance, as well as automatically generate common operational constraints for their model, such as start-up and shutdown. We show this interface successfully generates multi-period price-taker models, facilitates model discrimination, and aids in analyzing various technologies for deployment in unique energy markets.
Sustainable Production of Fertilizers via Photosynthetic Recovery of Nutrients in Livestock Waste
Authors: Gonz�lez Leonardo D. , Mills Celeste , Mungu�a-L�pez Aurora del C. , Zavala Victor M.
Published: August 2024

Increases in population and improvements in living standards have significantly increased the demand for animal products worldwide. However, modern livestock agriculture exerts significant pressure on the environment due to high material and energy requirements. These systems also generate significant amounts of waste that can cause severe environmental damage when not handled properly. Thus, if we wish to enable farmers to meet this increased demand in a sustainable way, technology pathways must be developed to convert livestock agriculture into a more circular economy. With this end in mind, we propose a novel framework (which we call ReNuAl) for the recovery of nutrients from livestock waste. ReNuAl integrates existing technologies with a novel biotechnology approach that uses cyanobacteria (CB) as a multi-functional component for nutrient capture and balancing, purifying biogas, and capturing carbon. The CB can be applied to crops, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers like diammonium phosphate. Using manure profiles obtained from dairy farms in the Upper Yahara region of Wisconsin, we construct a case study to analyze the environmental and economic impacts of ReNuAl. Our results illustrate that the minimum selling price (MSP) of CB fertilizer produced from deploying ReNuAl at a 1000 animal unit (AU) farm is significantly higher than the cost of synthetic fertilizers. We also observe that ReNuAl can return environmental benefits in areas such as climate change and nutrient runoff when compared to current practices. As a result, we see that consideration of environmental incentives can significantly increase the economic viability of the process.
Use of Discrete Element Method to Troubleshoot Aesthetic Defects in Pharmaceutical Tablets
Authors: Sibychan Jerrin Job , Sorace Nicola , Melnick Jason , Mu�oz Salvador Garcia , Mota-Aguilar David , Hernandez-Torres Eduardo , Boush David
Published: August 2024

Pharmaceutically elegant tablets are an expectation from pharmacists, health care providers and consumers for solid oral dosage forms. The presence of non-aesthetically pleasing defects in solid oral dosage forms can result in complaints back to the manufacturer and potentially non-compliance with medicines. The purpose of this study was to simulate and analyze the design of a tablet core and the aqueous film-coating process, to gain a better understanding of tablet defect generation, and to help eliminate the defects from the finished product. This evaluation employs Discrete Element Method (DEM) using the software product Altair� EDEM� to understand the potential mechanisms that are causing the defects, based on the forces tablets experience in the coating operation, along with the number of tablet-to-tablet interactions that occur during the duration of the process. Defects observed during the scale up of the coating process to a commercial production scale confirmed the DEM results where physical damage was observed more on the edges of the tablets than the face of the tablets. Also based on the number of tablet-to-tablet interactions, operating the coating process under thermodynamically wetter processing conditions can result in elevated levels of picking and sticking defects being observed based on the specific tablet design evaluated. The results of these efforts allowed the manufacturing and development team to evaluate improvement opportunities not only in tablet design but also to re-evaluate the thermodynamic design space of the coating operation and the mechanical set up of the coating equipment.
Optimal Design and Control of Behind-the-Meter Resources for Retail Buildings with EV Fast Charging
Authors: Campos Gustavo , Vercellino Roberto , Guittet Darice , Mann Margaret
Published: August 2024

The growing electrification of buildings and vehicles, while a natural step towards achieving global decarbonization, poses some challenges for the electric grid in terms of power consumption. One way of addressing them is by deploying onsite, behind-the-meter resources (BTMR), such as battery energy storage and solar PV generation. The optimal design of these systems, however, is a demanding task that depends on the integration of multiple complex subsystems. In this work, the optimal integrated design and dispatch of BTMR systems for retail buildings with electric vehicle fast charging stations is addressed. A framework is proposed, combining high-fidelity simulation (of buildings, electric vehicle fast charging stations, and BTMR), predictive control strategies with closed-loop implementation, and a derivative-free design method that explores parallelization and high-performance computing. Focus is given to the design layer, highlighting the effect of parallelization on the choice of the method, computational effort, and types of results. A case study of a big-box grocery store with an EV fast charging station is presented, and its optimal BTMR system is identified in terms of equipment sizes, costs (capital, utility, lifecycle, and levelized) and resiliency against outages, demonstrating great potential for real-world applications.
Integrated Design and Scheduling Optimization of Multi-product processes � case study of Nuclear-Based Hydrogen and Electricity Co-Production
Authors: Macdonald Ruaridh , Mallapragada Dharik S.
Published: August 2024

Increasing wind and solar electricity generation in power systems increases temporal variability in electricity prices which incentivizes the development of flexible processes for electricity generation and electricity-based fuels/chemicals production. Here, we develop a computational framework for the integrated design and optimization of multi-product processes interacting with the grid under time-varying electricity prices. Our analysis focuses on the case study of nuclear-based hydrogen (H2) and electricity generation, involving nuclear power plants (NPP) producing high temperature heat and electricity coupled with a high temperature steam electrolyzers (HTSE) for H2 production. The ability to co-produce H2 along with nuclear is widely seen as critical to improving the economics of nuclear energy technologies. To that end, our model focuses on evaluating the least-cost design and operations of the NPP-HTSE system while accounting for: a) power consumption variation with current density for the HTSE and the associated capital and operating cost trade-off, b) heat integration between NPP and HTSE and c) temporal variability in electricity prices and their impact on plant operations to meet a baseload hydrogen demand. Instead of formulating a monolithic optimization model, which would be computationally expensive, we propose a decomposition approach that reformulates the original problem into three sub-problems solved in an iterative manner to find near-optimal solutions. Through a numerical case study, we demonstrate the potential synergies of NPP and HTSE integration under alternative electricity price scenarios. This synergy is measured via the metric of relative breakeven H2 selling price that accounts for the opportunity cost of reduced electricity sales from H2 co-production.
Industrial Biosolids from Waste to Energy: Development of Robust Model for Optimal Conversion Route � Case Study
Authors: Elfaki Hesan , Al-Mohannadi Dhabia M.
Published: August 2024

Utilizing sustainable energy sources is crucial for expanding the range of solutions available to meet the growing energy demand and reducing reliance on environmentally damaging and depleting conventional fuels. Biosolids, a type of biomass, are generated as secondary effluent during wastewater treatment process in municipal and industrial sites. These solids possess the potential to serve as a sustainable energy source due to their richness of carbon. For an extended period, biosolids have been landfilled, even though it can be considered a wasteful use of a precious resource and a possible mean for contamination to the food supply chain. This has served as an extra impetus to investigate the potential for harnessing the capabilities of these substances. While many research studies have looked at different ways to put biomass waste to use, very little has been written on biosolids, especially those derived from industrial sources. This research assesses the feasibility of transforming GTL derived biosolids into value-added commodities that can serve as raw materials in chemical manufacturing or be employed energy generation. The study primarily examines widely recognized thermal conversion processes, pyrolysis and gasification. An evaluation is carried out to analyze the economic, technological, and environmental aspects of the treatment methods utilizing these technologies. The aim is to demonstrate the potential of GTL biosolids conversion and to determine associated costs and environmental impacts. The ASPEN simulation tool is utilized to model thermal treatment pathways, allowing for the generation of economic and environmental estimations for each route.
Integration of Chemical Looping Reforming and Shift Reactors for Blue H2 and N2 Production
Authors: Irhamna Adrian R. , Bollas George M.
Published: August 2024

Chemical looping Reforming (CLR) is seen as a promising technology for blue hydrogen production. With proper control, CLR in fixed bed reactors has demonstrated the capability to generate blue hydrogen and nitrogen from a single reactor. To enhance efficiency and H2 purity in the product stream, integration of a CLR reactor with a heat recovery system and a Shift reactor is essential. This study explores the design and control of an integrated CLR-Shift reactors system. The integrated system yields a product stream with 75% H2 mole fraction during the Reforming step of CLR, and a nitrogen with high purity (98%) during the Oxidation step. In the best-case scenario, the integrated system produces H2 and N2 at a molar ratio of 1.26 with H2 production efficiency of 80.1%.
Mining Chemical Process Information from Literature for Generative Process Design: A Perspective
Authors: Schweidtmann Artur M.
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and particularly generative AI led to recent breakthroughs, e.g., in generating text and images. There is also a potential of these technologies in chemical engineering, but the lack of structured big domain-relevant data hinders advancements. I envision an open Chemical Engineering Knowledge Graph (ChemEngKG) that provides big open and linked chemical process information. In this article, I present the concept of �flowsheet mining� as the first step towards the ChemEngKG. Flowsheet mining extracts process information from flowsheets and process descriptions found in scientific literature and patents. The proposed technology requires the integration of data mining, computer vision, natural language processing, and semantic web technologies. I present the concept of flowsheet mining, discuss previous literature, and show future potentials. I believe the availability of big data will enable breakthroughs in process design through artificial intelligence.
Technoeconomic Analysis of Chemical Looping Ammonia Synthesis Reactors to Enable Green Ammonia Production
Authors: Burrows Laron D. , Bollas George M.
Published: August 2024

Chemical looping ammonia synthesis (CLAS) is a new ammonia synthesis method capable of efficiently synthesizing ammonia at atmospheric pressure. The low-pressure operation of CLAS systems could decrease the capital and operational costs of ammonia synthesis. Despite its early developmental stage, the use of standard process engineering equipment in CLAS makes it possible to reasonably assess its economic potential. In this study, we evaluated the technoeconomic potential of CLAS systems in comparison to a Haber-Bosch (HB) synthesis process in the context of green ammonia production. CLAS is more compatible with the separate nitrogen and hydrogen feedstocks used in green ammonia production, and cost savings from CLAS could improve the economic viability of green ammonia production. Ammonia synthesis loops were modeled in Aspen Plus and the levelized cost of ammonia (LCOA) of each system was calculated. Three CLAS systems; two high temperature and one low-temperature chemical loop, were compared to a conventional HB system of equivalent size. This study found that CLAS can reduce the synthesis cost by 90% and that the low temperature CLAS as more economically viable than the high temperature CLAS. The need for an external heater in the high temperature CLAS diminished any cost savings that would have been realized due to the low-pressure operation. This work highlights the potential of CLAS to reduce ammonia synthesis costs and emphasizes the need for further development of low-temperature CLAS systems.
Optimal Design of a Biogas-based Renewable Power Production System
Authors: Uday Vikram , Jogwar Sujit
Published: August 2024

This paper presents optimal design for an energy-integrated biogas-fuel cell system for renewable electricity generation. The integrated process consists of two steps. The first step generates hydrogen from biogas via methane steam reforming (SMR), whereas the second step electrochemically converts this hydrogen into electricity using a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). These two steps are coupled via material and energy integration. Specifically, various design alternatives like anode and/or cathode gas recycling, biogas upgradation by CO2 removal, external versus direct internal reforming, and auxiliary power production through steam and/or micro gas turbine are explored to improve the overall efficiency and total annualized cost of the system. Specifically, a flowsheet superstructure is developed by incorporating all the available design alternatives. An optimal flowsheet with minimum total annualized cost is extracted from this superstructure using formal optimization techniques to meet the desired power target. Heat exchanger network superstructure is used to incorporate energy integration effectively. The proposed flowsheet and the corresponding optimal operating conditions are explained by analyzing the trade-offs associated with the corresponding design variables in terms of power production, capital expenditure, and utility consumption. For a power target of 300 kW, the proposed optimal energy-integrated process has a total annualized cost of $608,955/y with a net electrical efficiency of 67.1% and corresponds to electricity cost of $0.23/kWh.
Designing Process Systems for Net-Zero Emissions and Nature- and People-Positive Decisions
Authors: Bakshi Bhavik R.
Published: August 2024

Sustainability of the chemical and materials industry (CMI) requires it to achieve net-zero emis-sions of greenhouse gases and other resources while making decisions that have a net-positive impact on nature and society. Many corporations, nations, and universities have pledged to meet such goals but systematic models, methods, and tools to guide this transition are missing. We pre-sent a framework to meet this need. It involves developing a comprehensive, open access model of the global CMI. In addition to existing technologies, this model includes emerging alternatives for renewable energy, circularization, and carbon capture, utilization and storage. Systematic methods help identify innovation opportunities and develop roadmaps that account for long-term changes such as technology evolution and climate change. Meeting the goal of net-zero emis-sions requires inclusion of life cycle impacts. Nature-positive decisions need to encourage eco-logical protection and restoration. This is enabled by a multiscale framework for determining the absolute environmental sustainability of products and processes by accounting for the availability of ecosystem services and their carrying capacities at multiple spatial scales. People-positive decisions need to account for the benefits to society versus harm. Issues of social justice and eq-uity also need to be included in the decisions. More work has focused on the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions but the need for better models, methods and applications remains. Na-ture- and people-positive decisions need to consider spatial and temporal variation of ecological and social systems. Meeting these challenges presents many novel opportunities for socially-relevant process systems engineering.
The Analysis Study of Association of Myopia and Age-Related Cataract: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Fazri Karin Ananditya , Ramadhani Fikar
Published: August 2024

Background: Cataract is a major burden for health-care providers around the world. From a public health perspective, it is important to know the prevalence of undiagnosed lens opacities. Myopia a refractive error where distant objects appear blurred due to the elongation of the eyeball is seeing a rise in prevalence worldwide, with a particular increase in Asian populations. The aim: The aim of this study to show about association of myopia and age-related cataract. Methods: By the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. This search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SagePub, and Sciencedirect were used to do this. Result: Eight publications were found to be directly related to our ongoing systematic examination after a rigorous three-level screening approach. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of the complete text was conducted, and additional scrutiny was given to these articles. Conclusion: Low and moderate myopes are less likely to develop such a severe visual outcome; nevertheless, they are at significant risk to develop cataract.
أسيجة التمثيل وأنسجة التمثيل الثقافي المضاد- قراءة في رواية 'كيف ترضع من الذئبة دون أن تعضك؟ لـعمارة لخوص
Authors: عاشوري فتيحة
Published: August 2024

تسعى ورقتنا البحثية إلى البحث في كيفية اشتغال أسيجة التمثيل، وتعرية الذئب المتوحش الكامن في الإنسان الغربي، من خلال تقصي أنسجة السّرد المقاوم لها في الإطاحة بالعنصرية الثقافية، والدعوة إلى معادلة ثقافية إنسانية، فكانت رواية "كيف ترضع من الذئبة دون أن تعضك" لعمارة لغوص إلى جانب الدراسات الفكرية آلية دفاعية مشروعة للحدّ من أشكال الهيمنة، وإنهاء أسطورة التمثيل والوصاية، فآثرنا أن تكون المقاربة النقدية الثقافية آلية لتقصي الأنساق الثقافية الغربية وكيفية اشتغالها في عالمي الحقيقة/ الواقع، والخيال/ السرد، من خلال طرحها لإشكاليات تتعلق بسؤال الأنا ومآلات الذات، وفي الوقت نفسه هي أسئلة أعادت قراءة الآخر من منطلق تعرية مقولاته المتمركزة حول هذه الذات، التي تنشد من خلال خطابها الثقافي المضاد تهشيم هذه المقولات، ومن ثمة فهي إشكالية تحاول استقراء كيفية تمظهر هذه الأسيجة الثقافية المضمرة المحاصرة لحدود الخطاب التمثيلي الثقافي المضاد، لمعرفة إلى أي مدى استطاع هذا الخطاب نسج مرافعة إدانة لهذا التمثيل الثقافي العنصري المتحيّز؟.
Structural Errors Related to Word Formation among the Second Learners of English: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students of the Department of English and Literary Studies, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki
Authors: A. Nwokwu Fidelis , Chukwuokoro Ifeyinwa
Published: August 2024

Structural errors related to word formation among the second learners of English pose serious problems to L2 users of English especially at the undergraduate levels of English Studies. The study aims to find out the structural errors related to word formation inEnglish and consider the pedagogical implications. The Item and Process (I.P.) Analytical theoretical framework is adopted while a descriptive research design method is deployed for the analysis. The finding showed that students have problems withdifferent morphological processes in English as a result of factors such as the inconsistency in the morphological rules, misapplication of some word formation rules, and mother tongue interference. The study, therefore, recommends that teachers of English in this area of study should endeavour to master the in-depth knowledge of these morphological rules and applications to be able to transfer the skills to the second learners of English.
Reconstructing Nigerianisms through Sarcasm and Irony in Selected Nigerian Slangs and Mannerisms
Authors: Rosemary Olaniyan Oluwayomi , Abisodun Oluremi Tolulope
Published: August 2024

Nigerian English, already nativized and domesticated in the socio-political culture of the country, has its distinct lexical features. The study, therefore, investigates the use of irony and sarcasm in selected Nigerian slang and mannerisms using Incongruity Theory to bring to the fore, the distinct Nigerian linguistic features, inherent in them. Neologisms, slang and Nigerianisms were purposively selected through observations in a university environment, churches and public spaces, the internet and the Nigerian music industry; only slang and neologisms that cover the major geo-political zones from socio-political, religious and educational areas are used for the analysis. The study concludes that sarcasm and irony are tools used to construct a distinct Nigerian discursive identity; with irony being used more than sarcasm. Sarcasm and irony are used to achieve intertextuality; non-Nigerians, who are not familiar with the contextual use of these Nigerianisms, might therefore be excluded from the ongoing discourse. Youths, however, also make use of these Nigerianisms to send a subtle message, correct social vices and indirectly document the socio-political events in the country. The research submits that most Nigerian lexical innovations and derivations are humorously construed through irony and sarcasm.
MOBILE PHONE AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION WITH GENERATION Z CONSUMERS IN RETAIL
Authors: Kollárová Daniela , Koliščáková Miriama , Trnka Andrej
Published: August 2024

The aim of the research was to determine the extent and purpose of using mobile phones by Generation Z consumers before, during and after shopping in brick-and-mortar stores. The stratified group consisted of 785 residents of the Slovak Republic born between 1997 and 2012 inclusive. The survey has been conducted using the inquiry method - an online questionnaire based on the Google Forms platform. The questions were formulated into three logically interconnected parts: the purpose of using the mobile phone by the respondents in the phase before, during and after the purchase in a brick-and-mortar store. In addition, we also examined the respondents’ activity on social networks during the purchase in the brick-and-mortar store and, finally, demographic data. We formulated two hypotheses and three assumptions. One hypothesis and one assumption were confirmed. On the contrary, one hypothesis was disproved, and two assumptions were not confirmed. The hypothesis focused on the relationship between the main ways of using a mobile phone and the activity on social networks during shopping in a brick-and-mortar store was confirmed. The hypothesis focused on the relationship between the gender of consumers and the use of a mobile phone during shopping in a brick-and-mortar store was disproved. The assumption regarding the use of a mobile phone while shopping for food in a brick-and-mortar store for the purpose of comparing product prices was confirmed. The assumption regarding the use of a mobile phone while shopping for consumer electronics in order to search for product information was not confirmed. Likewise, the assumption regarding the use of a mobile phone while shopping for clothes in a brick-and-mortar store in order to connect with friends or acquaintances in order to ask for their advice was not confirmed. These findings are beneficial for retail practice operating a chain of brick-and-mortar stores.