bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapter 7 Start the Presses? John Alden Mason as Mesoamericanist and a Reluctant New Deal Archaeologist in the 1930s
Authors: Means Bernard K.
Published: August 2023

During the 1930s, J. Alden Mason was a curator at the Penn Museum in Philadelphia. He was best known during this time for his work at the site of Piedras Negras in northwestern Guatemala. Yet, the 1930s excavations at Piedras Negras were not published until 2005. This delayed publication prevented other scholars from building on this work. Also, during the 1930s, Mason led lesser‐known excavations around the Philadelphia area with federal work relief funding. No field records exist for these investigations, the whereabouts of artifacts are unknown, and only a single short article was ever published on the scant archaeological findings. Exactly what archaeology was done and where through these New Deal investigations is unknown and may be unknowable. Mason struggled with the overly bureaucratic nature of New Deal archaeology, and this might help explain his lack of due diligence with archiving his records, or with completing a properly detailed report. Today's archaeologists deal with similar constraints. But we are also ethically bound to publish our results in a reasonable time frame, rather than hoard our data the way a dragon hoards a mountain of gold. If we fail to meet these ethical principles, we really are little more than well‐educated looters.
Chapter 8 Glenn A. Black and the Problems of Objectification in Big Site‐Big Science Legacy Archaeology
Authors: Pope Melody K.
Published: August 2023

Large‐scale excavations in the first half of the twentieth century conducted by Glenn A. Black at Angel Mounds were viewed as moving archaeology away from its antiquarian roots toward legitimate scientific practice. Although this transformation led to innovative field methods, amassed collections of unprecedented size and depth, and created foundational archaeological programs and knowledge, the past and the peoples who occupied it became increasingly objectified and marginalized. How did archaeological practice on such an expansive scale remove from history the people whose heritage is memorialized at a national historic landmark? And how has this history impacted archaeological practice today? To address these questions, I draw on personal letters and published accounts for insights into the interests and problematic aspects of Black's archaeological practices before turning to a consideration of some present‐day continuities, challenges, and ways forward. The issues and biases revealed in the case of Black's early 20th century archaeological praxis are not unique for the time. Nonetheless, underlying problems of objectification and racism challenge us to not only confront legacy biases and the harm they have caused, but to work toward ethical ways to use such collections now and in the future.
Chapter 12 Changing Tides: Tribal Engagement in Oregon's Coastal Archaeology
Authors: Rippee Kassandra , Scott Stacy
Published: August 2023

Archaeology on Oregon's Coast has been largely limited in scope and has lacked the holistic viewpoint of Indigenous coastal history. Investigations began in earnest around 1930 with avocational archaeologists like Marcus Seale interested in expanding their “trophy item” collections. The male dominated field of professional archaeology began to evolve in the 1940s and 1950s with investigators from varying backgrounds, like Luther Cressman who began studying the material culture of the Oregon Tribes as if they were an extinct group. The 1970s push for federal recognition brought increased Tribal involvement and collaboration with archaeologists such as Richard Everett “Dick” Ross. Unfortunately, Tribes remain largely uninterested in archaeology as Indigenous individuals and communities continue to be left out of the narrative. Cultural resource professionals at major institutions continue to curate “cultural material” under the aegis of science and resource protection while arguing against the repatriation of material based on either lack of skeletal components, or a misguided understanding of “affiliation” and of Native views of sacredness. We explore the legacy of our predecessors and how we as archaeologists must take a more comprehensive Tribal perspective approach to understanding Oregon coastal history and more respectfully manage legacy collections.
Effects of the COVID‐19 early pandemic on delivery outcomes among women with and without COVID‐19 at birth
Authors: Fingar Kathryn R. , Weiss Audrey J. , Roemer Marc , Agniel Denis , Reid Lawrence D.
Published: August 2023

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic may influence delivery outcomes through direct effects of infection or indirect effects of disruptions in prenatal care. We examined early pandemic‐related changes in birth outcomes for pregnant women with and without a COVID‐19 diagnosis at delivery.

Methods

We compared four delivery outcomes—preterm delivery (PTD), severe maternal morbidity (SMM), stillbirth, and cesarean birth—between 2017 and 2019 (prepandemic) and between April and December 2020 (early‐pandemic) using interrupted time series models on 11.8 million deliveries, stratified by COVID‐19 infection status at birth with entropy weighting for historical controls, from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project across 43 states and the District of Columbia.

Results

Relative to 2017–2019, women without COVID‐19 at delivery in 2020 had lower odds of PTD (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.92–0.94) and SMM (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.85–0.91) but increased odds of stillbirth (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01–1.08). Absolute effects were small across race/ethnicity groups. Deliveries with COVID‐19 had an excess of each outcome, by factors of 1.07–1.46 for outcomes except SMM at 4.21. The effect for SMM was more pronounced for Asian/Pacific Islander non‐Hispanic (API; OR = 10.51; 95% CI = 5.49–20.14) and Hispanic (OR = 5.09; 95% CI = 4.29–6.03) pregnant women than for White non‐Hispanic (OR = 3.28; 95% CI = 2.65–4.06) women.

Discussion

Decreasing rates of PTD and SMM and increasing rates of stillbirth among deliveries without COVID‐19 were small but suggest indirect effects of the pandemic on maternal outcomes. Among pregnant women with COVID‐19 at delivery, adverse effects, particularly SMM for API and Hispanic women, underscore the importance of addressing health disparities.
Severe persistent neurotoxicity associated with CAR T therapy in children
Authors: Andrew Eden C. , Hughes David , Gilsenan Maddie , Mignone Cristina , Khaw Seong Lin , Wang Stacie Shiqi
Published: August 2023

CD19‐directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is an important therapy for relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, but its use carries the risk of immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). In children, severe ICANS is almost universally reported in association with cytokine release syndrome and is reversible. We describe two cases of severe, intractable neurotoxicity following CAR T‐cell therapy in children with pre‐existing central nervous system (CNS) vulnerabilities. The cases were atypical in their delayed onset and independence from cytokine release syndrome and did not respond to standard therapies.
Connecting groups and behaviours: A network analysis of identity‐infused behaviours
Authors: Hughes Emily A. , Ellis Samuel , Smith Joanne R.
Published: August 2023

Research in the social identity tradition acknowledges the multiplicity of our identities and the implications that identity compatibility has for our health and well‐being. However, current measures of multiple group membership have not yet captured the richness and complexity of our social identity networks at the wider sample level, and data regarding the different behaviours typically associated with different group memberships are scarce. Adopting a network approach, we explore the co‐occurrence of different group memberships within an individual (identity‐by‐identity network), the behaviours that are shared among identities (behaviour‐by‐identity network), and whether identities that are shared also share common behaviours (identity‐by‐behaviour network). An online survey asked participants (N = 286) to list the groups they are part of, as well as the behaviours viewed to be typical of group members. The networks identified several identities and behaviours to significantly co‐occur at a rate both higher and lower than chance. Networks were found to be low in modularity; there was no evidence of clustering within the data. Permutation analyses demonstrated the overall structure of the networks to be significantly different than expected by chance. The co‐occurrences identified serve as a meaningful resource for those conducting research into identities, group norms and their associated behaviours.
Inhibiting mtDNA‐STING‐NLRP3/IL‐1β axis‐mediated neutrophil infiltration protects neurons in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xia Xiangyu , He Xuemei , Zhao Tingmei , Yang Jingyun , Bi Zhenfei , Fu Qianmei , Liu Jian , Ao Danyi , Wei Yuquan , Wei Xiawei
Published: August 2023

Neutrophil is a pathophysiological character in Alzheimer's disease. The pathogen for neutrophil activation in cerebral tissue is the accumulated amyloid protein. In our present study, neutrophils infiltrate into the cerebra in two models (transgenic model APP/PS1 and stereotactic injection model) and promote neuron apoptosis, releasing their cellular constituents, including mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We found that both Aβ1–42 and mtDNA could provoke neutrophil infiltration into the cerebra, and they had synergistic effects when they presented together. This neutrophillic neuroinflammation upregulates expressions of STING, NLRP3 and IL‐1β. These inflammatory cytokines with mtDNA constitute the mtDNA‐STING‐NLRP3/IL‐1β axis, which is the prerequisite for neutrophil infiltration. When any factor in this pathway is depleted, the migration of neutrophils into cerebral tissue is ceased, with neurons and cognitive function being protected. Thus, we provide a novel perspective to alleviate the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Delphi expert consensus for whole slide imaging in thyroid cytopathology
Authors: Marletta Stefano , Salatiello Maria , Pantanowitz Liron , Bellevicine Claudio , Bongiovanni Massimo , Bonoldi Emanuela , De Rezende Gisele , Fadda Guido , Incardona Paolo , Munari Enrico , Pagni Fabio , Rossi Esther Diana , Tallini Giovanni , Troncone Giancarlo , Ugolini Clara , Vigliar Elena , Eccher Albino
Published: August 2023

Objective

Despite an increase in thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) and advances in whole slide imaging (WSI) adoption, digital pathology is still considered inadequate for primary diagnosis of these cases. Herein, we aim to validate the utility of WSI in thyroid FNAs employing the Delphi method strategy.

Methods

A panel of experts from seven reference cytology centres was recruited. The study consisted of two consecutive rounds: (1) an open‐ended, free‐response questionnaire generating a list of survey items; and (2) a consensus analysis of 80 selected shared WSIs from 80 cases by six investigators answering six morphological questions utilising a 1 to 5 Likert scale.

Results

High consensus was achieved for all parameters, with an overall average score of 4.27. The broad majority of items (84%) were ranked either 4 or 5 by each physician. Two badly scanned cases were responsible for more than half of the low‐ranked (≤2) values (57%). Good to excellent (≥3) diagnostic confidence was reached in more than 95.2% of cases. For most cases (78%) WSI assessment was not limited by technical issues linked to the image acquisition process.

Conclusion

This systematic Delphi study indicates broad consensus among participating physicians on the application of DP to thyroid cytopathology, supporting expert opinion that WSI is reliable and safe for primary diagnostic purposes.
Safety and efficacy of non‐invasive brain stimulation for the upper extremities in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review
Authors: Metelski Nicole , Gu Yu , Quinn Lori , Friel Kathleen M. , Gordon Andrew M.
Published: August 2023

Aim

To evaluate available evidence examining safety and efficacy of non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on upper extremity outcomes in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

We electronically searched 12 sources up to May 2023 using JBI and Cochrane guidelines. Two reviewers selected articles with predetermined eligibility criteria, conducted data extraction, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias criteria.

Results

Nineteen studies were included: eight using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and 11 using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Moderate certainty evidence supports the safety of rTMS and tDCS for children with CP. Very low to moderate certainty evidence suggests that rTMS and tDCS result in little to no difference in upper extremity outcomes.

Interpretation

Evidence indicates that NIBS is a safe and feasible intervention to target upper extremity outcomes in children with CP, although it also indicates little to no significant impact on upper extremity outcomes. These findings are discussed in relation to the heterogeneous participants’ characteristics and stimulation parameters. Larger studies of high methodological quality are required to inform future research and protocols for NIBS.
Comparison of characteristics of kick‐ and electric‐scooter‐related dental and maxillofacial injuries: A retrospective study
Authors: Kwak Misun , Mah Yon‐joo
Published: August 2023

Background/Aim

Owing to the nearly three‐year‐long COVID‐19 pandemic, small personal transportation devices that allow for greater freedom of movement within the cities have gained attention. Therefore, the number of people using kick or electric scooters has increased. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of kick and electric scooter‐related dental and maxillofacial trauma and provide helpful information for preventing scooter accidents, appropriate treatment of patients with scooter‐related trauma, and policy establishment.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective observational study analysed the medical records of 310 patients who visited the emergency room of Ajou University Dental Hospital for kick and electric scooter‐related oral and maxillofacial injuries between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2022. Sex, age, scooter type, time, and mechanism of the accident, helmet use, alcohol consumption, dental and maxillofacial injury types, and treatment were analysed.

Results

The average age in the kick‐scooter group (5.71 ± 4.25) was lower than that in the electric‐scooter group (28.24 ± 10.02) (p < .0001). There were more males in both groups. The helmet usage rates of the two groups were 2.80% and 7.88%, respectively. In the kick‐scooter group, periodontal damage was more common than pulp injury, while in the electric‐scooter group, pulp injury was more common than periodontal injury. There was no significant difference in soft‐tissue damage between the two groups; however, bone fractures occurred significantly more frequently in the electric‐scooter group (p < .0001).

Conclusions

Electric scooters cause more crown and bone fractures than kick scooters and require more active treatment of dental and maxillofacial injuries. Riders should use protective equipment to prevent dental and maxillofacial injury. Although there are regulations related to scooters, the effectiveness of both kick‐ and electric‐scooter related laws needs to be evaluated.
Hidden diversity and evolutionary diversification in Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)
Authors: de Oliveira Isadora Janolio , Diamante Nathália Alves , Fabrin Thomaz Mansini Carrenho , Frota Augusto , da Graça Weferson Júnio , de Oliveira Alessandra Valéria , Prioli Sônia Maria Alves Pinto , Prioli Alberto José
Published: August 2023

The distribution of Phalloceros species is generally allopatric and restricted; however, Phalloceros harpagos has a wide distribution and exhibits morphological variation among populations from different Brazilian river basins. Different species delimitation tests using cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene sequences indicated that P. harpagos is a species complex that comprises between 7 and 9 phylogroups. The separation of the Paraná and Paraíba do Sul River basins most likely caused the diversification of these phylogroups in the Miocene period. The majority of phylogroups have a narrow distribution; however, one phylogroup has a broad distribution, being found primarily in the Paraná, Ribeira de Iguape, and Iguaçu River basins. This distribution can be attributed to possible headwater capture events caused by the reactivation of faults and erosion in the quaternary. Estimates about the times of divergence based on molecular data could be used to infer the biogeographic processes related to the diversification of South American freshwater fish.
Investigation on crack extension resistance curve of aligned steel fiber‐reinforced cement‐based composites
Authors: Qing Longbang , Zhang Yuebo , Mu Ru , Liu Jiaping
Published: August 2023

In this study, an analytical method was proposed to predict the crack extension resistance curve (KR curve) of aligned steel fiber‐reinforced cement‐based composites (ASFRC). The three‐point bending tests were carried out on notched ASFRC specimens. Based on the predicted results, the influence of size effect and fiber dosage on KR curves of ASFRC specimens was discussed. Finally, the relationship between KR curves of ASFRC and steel fiber‐reinforced cement‐based composite (SFRC) specimens was investigated. The results show that the analytical results agree well with the experimental ones. The KR curve of ASFRC specimen has size effect and increases with fiber dosage. The ASFRC specimen shows a 30% improvement in the crack extension resistance at peak load over the SFRC specimen when the fiber volume dosage is 0.8%, and the improvement becomes more pronounced with increasing fiber dosage. When the KR curves of ASFRC and SFRC specimens are the same, the fiber consumption can be reduced by at least 40%.
Exploring facilitators and barriers associated with oral care for inpatients with dysphagia post‐stroke
Authors: Curtin Claire , Barrett Anne , Burke Francis M. , McKenna Gerald , Healy Liam , Hayes Martina
Published: August 2023

Objective

To explore the attitudes, facilitators and barriers in providing oral care for inpatients with dysphagia post‐stroke as perceived by healthcare professionals.

Background

Dysphagia is a common complication of stroke and is associated with a higher incidence of aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and dehydration. In the acute phase of stroke recovery, a dental professional is not usually part of the multidisciplinary team caring for the patient and oral care is the responsibility of the healthcare professionals in the stroke unit. There is a lack of high‐quality evidence to demonstrate the most effective method of providing oral care for patients with dysphagia post‐stroke.

Materials and methods

This was a single‐site study conducted with healthcare professionals working in the Stroke Unit of Cork University Hospital in Ireland, using focus groups and a qualitative thematic analysis approach.

Results

A total of three focus groups were conducted in the Stroke Unit with 17 healthcare professionals. The focus groups included representation from all healthcare professional groups providing direct clinical care to patients on the Stroke Unit including geriatric medicine, dietetics, speech and language therapy, healthcare assistance, nursing, occupational therapy and physiotherapy. A qualitative thematic analysis was carried out and seven overarching themes emerged from the data. Three themes related to facilitators to providing oral care for this patient group: (i) a focus on oral care in both policy and practice, (ii) expanding professional roles in the provision of oral care, (iii) perceived importance of oral care in recovery and rehabilitation. Four themes related to barriers to the provision of oral care for this patient group: (i) lack of confidence and concerns related to the perceived risk for patients with dysphagia, (ii) unique challenges of patient and stroke‐related factors, (iii) lack of resources and time and (iv) perceived importance of oral care in recovery and its relative importance with competing demands.

Conclusion

Members of the stroke multidisciplinary team believe that they all have a part to play in the delivery of oral care for patients with dysphagia post‐stroke. Opportunities exist for the development of multidisciplinary interventions to improve the oral cavity assessment and oral care provided in the Stroke Unit.
Root biomass and altitude jointly regulate the response of topsoil organic carbon density to severe degradation of high‐altitude alpine meadows
Authors: Li Hongqin , Geng Huimin , Zhang Zhitao , Yi Lubei , Wang Jianhao , Zhang Fawei
Published: August 2023

Grassland degradation can substantially reduce soil carbon sequestration capacity. However, the effects of grassland degradation on soil organic carbon (SOC) density remain unquantified in high‐altitude alpine meadows. In this study, the response and controlling mechanisms of topsoil (0–20 cm) organic carbon were explored in a field survey involving 11 pairs of healthy versus severely degraded plots of high‐altitude (above 4000 m) alpine meadows, as well as three short‐term (3–5 years) fencing restoration projects, across the source of the Yellow River in August of 2020 and 2021. The results showed that 0–20 cm root biomass, SOC content (SCC), and density (SCD) of healthy meadows averaged 533.7 ± 291.9 g/m2 (mean ± S.D), 21.17 ± 9.36 g/kg, and 4.54 ± 1.64 kg C/m2, respectively. Root biomass, SCC, and SCD were markedly reduced by 63.0%, 33.2%, and 17.6% in severely degraded grassland compared with healthy meadows. The SCC and SCD averaged 7.92 ± 2.21 g/kg and 2.2 ± 0.9 kg C/m2 in fencing plots, respectively, and were not significantly different from severely degraded meadows, suggesting a limited improvement in SOC from short‐term fencing restoration. Analysis of a piecewise structural equation model revealed that the effect of degradation on SCD (indicated by the difference in SCD between paired healthy and degraded meadows) was jointly regulated by the differential surface root biomass and site altitude, with a total positive effect of 0.39 and 0.26, respectively. Our findings indicate the losses of topsoil organic carbon stock caused by grassland degradation are root biomass‐ and altitude‐dependent, supporting the notion that antecedent prevention of degradation, more than subsequent restoration, should be the highest priority in the adaptive management of alpine meadows in harsh high‐altitude regions.
‘I became more aware of my actions’—A qualitative longitudinal study of a health psychological group intervention for patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Keurulainen Meeri , Holma Juha , Wallenius Elina , Pänkäläinen Mikko , Hintikka Jukka , Partinen Markku
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To explore myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients' experiences of a health psychological group intervention and its usefulness, non‐usefulness or harmfulness for illness management and adjustment.

Design

A qualitative longitudinal study using inductive content analysis.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 adults. Interviews were conducted before the 16‐week intervention, immediately after its completion, and at 3 months after completion.

Results

Participants reported that the intervention was useful and not harmful. The model improved their ability to cope with ME/CFS by providing them with useful information about the illness along with peer support and professional guidance. Participants reported improved illness management and adjustment, which they perceived as an outcome of achieving new ways of thinking, feeling and acting.

Conclusions

Participants viewed the health psychological approach to group intervention as meeting their needs. To achieve better illness management and adjustment, more consideration should be given to supportive interactional processes with peers and healthcare professionals.

Patient or Public Contribution

The intervention was developed to meet patients' needs of finding ways to manage their illness. The research team consulted eight patients with ME/CFS and three clinical centres working with ME/CFS treatment and rehabilitation at the intervention planning stage. Their comments influenced the planning and content of the intervention as well as ethical issues that should be considered, such as potential harm to participants. All participants were informed about the theoretical foundations of the study and the principles guiding the intervention. Participants were not involved in the data analysis.

Clinical Trial Registration

NCT04151693
Poor learning or hyper‐exploration?: A commentary on Hulsbosch et al. (2023)
Authors: Pollak Yehuda
Published: August 2023

In an outstanding paper, Hulsbosch et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023) tested major reinforcement learning theories of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). On a reinforcement learning task, children with ADHD needed more trials to reach the criterion in the learning phase and chose the target less often in the extinction phase. These results only partially support either of the theories and may be interpreted as reflecting a general deficit in learning. Still, distinguishing between learning and decision‐making stages suggests that poor performance on reinforcement learning tasks by children with ADHD is accounted for by increased exploration or decreased choice consistency rather than deficient learning.
Endoscopic features of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Matsueda Katsunori , Uedo Noriya , Kitamura Masanori , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Ishihara Ryu , Michida Tomoki , Kawano Seiji , Kawahara Yoshiro
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim

The endoscopic features of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (G‐NEC) have not been clarified; therefore, they were investigated in relation to clinicopathological findings.

Methods

Consecutive patients with G‐NECs who had undergone endoscopic or surgical resection at our institution between January 2005 and March 2022 were included in this retrospective study. The endoscopic and clinicopathological findings of the lesions were analyzed to provide information of diagnostic value. In addition, cases of gastric neuroendocrine tumor (G‐NET) and common‐type gastric adenocarcinoma treated in the same study period were identified to compare the endoscopic findings between each G‐NEC versus G‐NET, and G‐NEC versus common‐type gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients with common‐type gastric adenocarcinoma were matched for age, sex, tumor size, and depth of tumor invasion in 1:3 ratio.

Results

Among 15 patients with 15 G‐NECs, submucosal tumor‐like marginal elevation (87%), adherent white coat (67%), and ulceration with a distinct border (60%) were characteristic endoscopic findings in white‐light images. Magnifying narrow‐band imaging endoscopy revealed an absent microsurface (MS) pattern plus disrupted irregular microvessel (MV) in five (71%) of seven cases with evaluable MS and MV patterns. The area with an absent MS pattern plus disrupted irregular MV corresponded to the histological finding of NEC component in all five cases. These endoscopic features were all significantly more frequent in G‐NECs than G‐NETs (n = 22) or common‐type gastric adenocarcinomas (n = 45).

Conclusions

These endoscopic features should be taken into consideration to increase the index of suspicion and to improve the accuracy of target biopsies for G‐NEC.
(Re‐)Imag(in)ing Price Trends
Authors: JIANG JINGWEN , KELLY BRYAN , XIU DACHENG
Published: August 2023

We reconsider trend‐based predictability by employing flexible learning methods to identify price patterns that are highly predictive of returns, as opposed to testing predefined patterns like momentum or reversal. Our predictor data are stock‐level price charts, allowing us to extract the most predictive price patterns using machine learning image analysis techniques. These patterns differ significantly from commonly analyzed trend signals, yield more accurate return predictions, enable more profitable investment strategies, and demonstrate robustness across specifications. Remarkably, they exhibit context independence, as short‐term patterns perform well on longer time scales, and patterns learned from U.S. stocks prove effective in international markets.
Prediction of the survival of patients with advanced‐stage ovarian cancer patients undergoing interval cytoreduction with the use of computed tomography reevaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Li Jia‐Yi , Wang Rui
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To predict ovarian cancer patients' survival by computed tomography (CT) reevaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Patients and Methods

In this retrospective single‐center cohort study, all patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer underwent platinum‐based chemotherapy followed by interval cytoreductive surgery. Assessment of abdominal and pelvic lesions before and after chemotherapy using CT scoring criteria. Meanwhile, the progression‐free survival and overall survival times were obtained. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate survival curves. Univariate analysis of continuous and categorical variables was performed for prognostic significance using the Cox proportional hazards model. Variables with p < 0.10 on univariate analysis were then included in a multivariate forward stepwise Cox regression analysis.

Results

A total of 162 patients were included, with a median age of 52 years (range, 20–72 years). One hundred seven patients (66.0%) underwent suboptimal cytoreduction, and there was no statistically significant difference in patient survival between surgical procedures (log‐rank p = 0.092). Six radiographic features were hazard factors for suboptimal cytoreduction. Four features in the postchemotherapy CT images were assigned as predictive criteria by the stepwise regression model (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.689). As compared with a higher AUC (0.713) in the model involving two clinical variables (age and postsurgery CA‐125) and two postchemotherapy CT features, the model considering the CT score changes before and after chemotherapy had the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.843).

Conclusion

CT reevaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is essential for ovarian cancer, the changes of CT feature and score are potential great tools to predict patient survival.
Estimating the Influence of Adolescents' Non‐Cognitive Skills on Awareness of Social Disaster Responses
Authors: Jang Hayun , Kim Jinho
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

This study examines the influence of 2 noncognitive skills, self‐esteem and teamwork, on social disaster response awareness among Korean adolescents. Although self‐esteem is a well‐established predictor of health‐related knowledge, the inclusion of teamwork in this study is motivated by its collective nature and its relevance to social norms.

METHODS

This study used data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018). Sibling fixed effects models, which account for the common unobserved characteristics shared by siblings within the same family, were estimated.

RESULTS

Conventional ordinary least square models showed that both self‐esteem and teamwork are significant predictors of social disaster response awareness (bs = .011 and .014, respectively). However, our preferred sibling fixed effects estimates revealed that the controlling for unobserved family‐level confounders attenuates the association for self‐esteem, rendering it statistically insignificant (b = .003, p = .33). Despite some attenuation, the association between teamwork and social disaster response awareness was robust to controlling for sibling fixed effects (b = .010, p < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

The study's finding emphasizes the role of students' interpersonal noncognitive abilities in their social disaster response awareness. An intervention aimed at enhancing adolescents' teamwork may be effective to improve their awareness about how to respond to social disasters. Policymakers and practitioners may consider developing social disaster preparedness curricula that highlight the importance of social disaster response measures as community rules or social norms, in addition to safeguarding personal safety.
How the Rise of the Rapid Support Forces Sparked Sudan's Meteoric Descent
Authors: D'Agoôt Majak
Published: August 2023

The processes that transitioned Sudan from a deeply securitized kleptocracy into a fledgling democracy have generated stressors that are now threatening its collapse. The country's two rival generals—Abdel Fattah al‐Burhan of the Sudan Armed Forces and Mohammed Hamden Dagalo (nom de guerre Hemedti) of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces—have plunged Sudan into a bloodbath. Khartoum, the capital that had been an island of civility since it was ransacked by Dervishes in 1885, has been engulfed in fierce battles since the two groups turned on each other in April 2023. Unpacking the host of factors that prompted the bloody conflict is a complex task, but the rivals and their allies are the chief culprits. Once created as a means to run counterinsurgency strategy on the cheap, the Rapid Support Forces has expanded its capacity and become a major power center. Originating in Darfur as a plunder machine of the Janjaweed militias, the group outgrew its function and became a private army capable of routing overlords in quick succession. This article traces the roots of the Rapid Support Forces to demonstrate the structural factors threatening Sudan's stability.
Brain‐regulated learning for classifying on‐site hazards with small datasets
Authors: Zhou Xiaoshan , Liao Pin‐Chao
Published: August 2023

Machine vision technologies have the potential to revolutionize hazard inspection, but training machine learning models requires large labeled datasets and is susceptible to biases. The lack of robust perception capabilities in machine vision systems for construction hazard inspection poses significant safety concerns. To address this, we propose a novel method that leverages human knowledge extracted from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings to enhance machine vision through transfer learning. By pretraining convolutional neural networks with EEG data recorded during construction hazard evaluations, we investigated three common on‐site hazard classifications using small datasets. Our results demonstrated that the proposed method resulted in improved accuracy (with an 11% increase) and enhanced rationality of machine learning predictions (as revealed by network visualization analysis). This research opens avenues for further exploration and industry applications, aiming to achieve more intelligent and human‐like artificial visual perception, ultimately enhancing safety and efficiency in automated hazard inspection.
Prestressing wire breakage monitoring using sound event detection
Authors: Farhadi Sasan , Corrado Mauro , Borla Oscar , Ventura Giulio
Published: August 2023

Detecting prestressed wire breakage in concrete bridges is essential for ensuring safety and longevity and preventing catastrophic failures. This study proposes a novel approach for wire breakage detection using Mel‐frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and back‐propagation neural network (BPNN). Experimental data from two bridges in Italy were acquired to train and test the models. To overcome the limited availability of real‐world training data, data augmentation techniques were employed to increase the data set size, enhancing the capability of the models and preventing over‐fitting problems. The proposed method uses MFCCs to extract features from acoustic emission signals produced by wire breakage, which are then classified by the BPNN. The results show that the proposed method can detect and classify sound events effectively, demonstrating the promising potential of BPNN for real‐time monitoring and diagnosis of bridges. The significance of this work lies in its contribution to improving bridge safety and preventing catastrophic failures. The combination of MFCCs and BPNN offers a new approach to wire breakage detection, while the use of real‐world data and data augmentation techniques are significant contributions to overcoming the limited availability of training data. The proposed method has the potential to be a generalized and robust model for real‐time monitoring of bridges, ultimately leading to safer and longer‐lasting infrastructure.
Pain perception of patients in intensive care unit after cardiac surgery: A qualitative study using Roy's Adaptation Model
Authors: Dağcan Necibe , Özden Dilek , Gürol Arslan Gülşah
Published: August 2023

Background

Although research on postoperative pain has increased, postoperative pain management is still a problem today. Most patients experience moderate to severe pain after cardiac surgery. As a result of pain, patients show inefficient adaptation behaviour in physiologic, role function, self‐concept, and interdependence modes.

Aim

This study was conducted to examine the pain perceptions of intensive care patients after cardiac surgery according to Roy's Adaptation Model (RAM).

Study Design

A qualitative design with a phenomenological approach was used in the study. The research data were collected by using a “descriptive information form”, a “semi‐structured interview form”, and the “numerical rating scale” through the “in‐depth interview method”. The study sample consisted of 16 patients who were aged 18 years or older, had undergone cardiac surgery, experienced pain post‐operatively in the intensive care unit at least once, and had intensive care experience. Patients with neuropathic or chronic pain or neurological or psychiatric disorders were not included in the study. Data were classified into physiologic, self‐concept, and interdependence modes according to RAM.

Results

The themes and sub‐themes that emerged included physiologic modes (pain responses), self‐concept modes (pain self‐management), role‐function modes (effects of pain), and interdependence modes (support systems in pain).

Conclusions

The results of our study can enable patients and nurses to communicate effectively about pain. In future studies, the effect of model‐based pain management programs on cardiac surgery patients can be investigated.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Examining the pain perceptions of intensive care patients after cardiac surgery according to RAM will guide the improvement and development of pain management. It is thought that the model addresses intensive care patients experiencing pain holistically.
Ceropegia sunhangiana, a new species of Apocynaceae from Southwest China
Authors: Luo Peng‐Rui , Rong Shu‐Tian , Zhao Xin‐Jie , Huang Xian‐Han , Chen Jun‐Tong , Liu Qun , Zhang Xin‐Jian , Jiang Kang‐Zheng , Yang Wen‐Guang , Huang Gui‐Yun , Deng Tao
Published: August 2023

Ceropegia sunhangiana P.R.Luo and T.Deng, a new species from Qiaojia, northeast Yunnan, southwest China, is described and illustrated herein based on its morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. This species is similar to C. christenseniana, and C. sinoerecta but can be distinguished easily by its stem, indumentum, leaf, and floral features, especially the corolla shape and size, the corolla tube and lobe characters. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, trnL‐trnF, trnS‐trnG, psbA‐trnH and rps16 sequences shows that this new species belongs to C. sect. Chionopegia H.Huber with strong support, which was mutually verified by morphology analyses. A table including the morphological characters of related species and a dichotomous key to all 25 species of Ceropegia in China are provided.
The applications of carbon dots in oral health: A scoping review
Authors: Fu Cuicui , Brand Henk S. , Bikker Floris J.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the research and potential applications of carbon dots (CDs) for oral health purposes.

Design

Systematic literature searches were performed on PubMed and Web of Science databases (up to February 2023). Two co‐authors selected the published works independently and extracted the data in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Studies with the application of CDs for oral health purposes were included.

Results

Among 152 articles, 19 articles were finally selected. Eight studies investigated the anti‐microbial effects of CDs against, for example, oral pathogens, eight studies explored the applicability of CDs in relation to oral cancer, and three studies investigated CDs in relation to cell differentiation and tissue regeneration in oral health. The studies showed the promising potential of CDs in oral health, particularly for inducing bacterial killing by increasing reactive oxygen species, killing oral cancer cells via photodynamic therapeutic effects, and inducing dental pulp and periodontal bone regeneration.

Conclusion

The findings show that CDs have the potential to be utilized in the future for various oral health purposes. Besides, these results underline the broad‐spectrum applicability of CDs, crossing the borders of oral health.
The roles of stress‐induced premature senescence and Akt/FoxO1 signaling in periapical lesions
Authors: Liu Qian , Li Shue , Tang Ting , Wu Yan
Published: August 2023

Objectives

There is little knowledge about oxidative stress‐induced senescence involvement in apical periodontitis. Here, we explored its molecular mechanism in periapical lesions.

Methods

Ten cases of radicular cysts and five cases of periapical granulomas were randomly selected. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect the expression and correlation between Senescence‐associated factor polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) and Akt/FoxO1 signaling. Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) pretreated with LY294002 were exposed to H2O2‐induced oxidative stress conditions and then cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, and associated signaling were evaluated by EdU labeling, β‐galactosidase assay, RT‐qPCR, and western blot analysis, respectively.

Results

Polymerase I and transcript release factor and Akt/FoxO1 signaling were more frequently expressed in the radicular cyst than in periapical granulomas. Notably, cells in radicular cysts showed Akt activation, FoxO1 phosphorylation, and cytoplasmic translocation. In vitro, prominent H2O2‐induced senescence was observed in hPDLCs. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, attenuated the expression levels of senescence (Klotho, P16INK4), apoptosis (Bad, Fas), phosphorylated Akt, and phosphorylated FoxO1; however, did not affect cell proliferation.

Conclusions

Our data indicated that senescence is present in clinical periapical lesions, and Akt/FoxO1 signaling is involved in the H2O2‐induced cellular senescence, which could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Investigating the relationship between negative symptoms and metacognitive functioning in psychosis: An individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: McGuire Nicola , Gumley Andrew , Hasson‐Ohayon Ilanit , Allan Stephanie , Aunjitsakul Warut , Aydin Orkun , Bo Sune , Bonfils Kelsey A. , Bröcker Anna‐Lena , de Jong Steven , Dimaggio Giancarlo , Inchausti Felix , Jansen Jens Einar , Lecomte Tania , Luther Lauren , MacBeth Angus , Montag Christiane , Pedersen Marlene Buch , Pijnenborg Gerdina Henrika Maria , Popolo Raffaele , Schwannauer Matthias , Trauelsen Anne‐Marie , van Donkersgoed Rozanne , Wu Weiming , Wang Kai , Lysaker Paul H. , McLeod Hamish
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Negative symptoms are a persistent, yet under‐explored problem in psychosis. Disturbances in metacognition are a potential causal factor in negative symptom development and maintenance. This meta‐analysis uses individual participant data (IPD) from existing research to assess the relationship between negative symptoms and metacognition treated as summed scores and domains.

Methods

Data sets containing individuals with negative symptoms and metacognition data, aged 16+ with psychosis, were identified according to pre‐specific parameters. IPD integrity and completeness were checked and data were synthesized in two‐stage meta‐analyses of each negative symptoms cluster compared with metacognition in seemingly unrelated regression using restricted maximum likelihood estimation. Planned and exploratory sensitivity analyses were also conducted.

Results

Thirty‐three eligible data sets were identified with 21 with sufficient similarity and availability to be included in meta‐analyses, corresponding to 1301 participants. The strongest relationships observed were between summed scores of negative symptoms and metacognition. Metacognitive domains of self‐reflectivity and understanding others' minds, and expressive negative symptoms emerged as significant in some meta‐analyses. The uncertainty of several effect estimates increased significantly when controlling for covariates.

Conclusions

This robust meta‐analysis highlights the impact of using summed versus domain‐specific scores of metacognition and negative symptoms, and relationships are not as clear‐cut as once believed. Findings support arguments for further differentiation of negative symptom profiles and continued granular exploration of the relationship between metacognition and negative symptoms.
Diversity and inclusion in relationship science: Reflections as an International Section Peer Mentor for Personal Relationships
Authors: Reyes Melanie A.
Published: August 2023

Since Spring 2021, I have been on the Editorial Board for Personal Relationships as an International Section Peer Mentor. In the International Section, I work to diversify relationship science with a team of relationship scientists. In this role, I have learned more about diversity, and in turn, I have become inspired to reflect on other strategies I could partake in to assist in further diversifying relationship science. I aim to share those insights in this commentary through recommendations for relationship scientists. In addition to sharing these recommendations, I describe my positionality in a positionality statement, and I provide background on what diversity means to me and my current expertise in the subject matter. There are several recommendations in this commentary, and they involve all steps of the research process. I encourage relationship scientists to educate themselves, to consider the various diversities when developing their research questions, to initiate collaborations with and learn from other research teams whenever possible, to ensure that they are not unintentionally excluding underrepresented groups, to reflect on how they report participant demographic data, and to consider drafting their own positionality statements.
The older the wiser? Determinants of misbehavior in team contests
Authors: Lackner Mario , Sonnabend Hendrik
Published: August 2023

Objective

We empirically investigate age and ability as potentially important drivers of individual misconduct in team contests.

Methods

We estimate fixed effects regression models using data from top‐level soccer. In addition, we carry out a comprehensive sensitivity analysis.

Results

Our estimates indicate a significant positive association between a player's age, on the one hand, and his (relative) ability, on the other, with the propensity to misbehave.

Conclusion

Our results are consistent with social learning theory, in the sense that the high‐status group of players may have learned that the consequences of misbehavior are small and manageable. Furthermore, we demonstrate that misbehavior is costly to both the players and their teams.