bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On elliptic curves with an isogeny of degree 7
Authors: Greenberg R. , Rubin K. , Silverberg A. , Stoll M.
Published: January 2014

We show that if $E$ is an elliptic curve over ${\bf Q}$ with a ${\bf Q}$-rational isogeny of
degree $7$, then the image of the $7$-adic Galois representation attached to $E$ is
as large as allowed by the isogeny, except for the curves with complex multiplication
by ${\bf Q}(\sqrt{-7})$.

The analogous result with $7$ replaced by a prime $p > 7$ was proved by the first
author. The present case $p = 7$ has additional interesting complications. We show
that any exceptions correspond to the rational points on a certain curve of genus
$12$. We then use the method of Chabauty to show that the exceptions are exactly
the curves with complex multiplication.

As a by-product of one of the key steps in our proof, we determine exactly when
there exist elliptic curves over an arbitrary field $k$ of characteristic not $7$
with a $k$-rational isogeny of degree $7$ and a specified Galois action on the
kernel of the isogeny, and we give a parametric description of such curves.
On a determinantal formula of Tadić
Authors: Lapid Erez , Mínguez Alberto
Published: January 2014

We study a special class of complex irreducible representations of GL n over a local non-Archimedean field which we call ladder representations . This is a natural class in the admissible dual which contains the Speh representations. We show that the Tadić determinantal formula is valid for this class and analyze the standard modules pertaining to these representations.
Covolumes of nonuniform lattices in PU( n , 1)
Authors: Emery Vincent , Stover Matthew
Published: January 2014

This paper studies the covolumes of nonuniform arithmetic lattices in PU( n , 1). We determine the smallest covolume nonuniform arithmetic lattices for each n , the number of minimal covolume lattices for each n , and study the growth of the minimal covolume as n varies. In particular, there is a unique lattice (up to isomorphism) in PU(9, 1) of smallest Euler-Poincaré characteristic amongst all nonuniform arithmetic lattices in PU( n , 1). We also show that for each even n there are arbitrarily large families of nonisomorphic maximal nonuniform lattices in PU( n , 1) of equal covolume.
Growth and nonvanishing of restricted Siegel modular forms arising as Saito-Kurokawa lifts
Authors: Liu Sheng-Chi , Young Matthew P.
Published: January 2014

We study the analytic behavior of the restriction of a Siegel modular form to $\Bbb{H}\times\Bbb{H}$ in the
case that the Siegel form is a Saito-Kurokawa lift. A formula of Ichino links this behavior to a family
of ${\rm GL}_3 \times {\rm GL}_2$ $L$-functions.
Histrionic Gestures and Historical Representation: Masina’s Cabiria, Bazin’s Chaplin, and Fellini’s Neorealism
Authors: Schoonover Karl
Published: January 2014

This article argues that Giulietta Masina’s hyperbolic physicality in Nights of Cabiria ( Le notti di Cabiria ; Federico Fellini, 1957) intervenes in earlier representations of wartime suffering. With Bazin’s theories of Chaplin’s slapstick at hand, Masina’s comedic gestures can be seen as exposing the subjective and geopolitical limits of how postwar Italian neorealism made history with bodies.
Depth Readings: Ken Jacobs’s Digital, Stereographic Films
Authors: Belisle Brooke
Published: January 2014

Digitally composed from stereo photographs over a century old, Ken Jacobs’s 2006 Capitalism films unsettle spatiotemporal relationships that structure not only photographic and cinematic representation but also dimensions of perception and history. They explore depth as an aesthetic and a conceptual paradox, which has driven Jacobs’s career-long experiments in “paracinema.”
Stardom, Sentimental Education, and the Shaping of Global Citizens
Authors: Wilson Julie
Published: January 2014

When Danny Kaye became goodwill ambassador for the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in 1954, a process was set in motion that brought media industries, stars, and the United Nations into dynamic relationship and birthed a new concept of celebrity diplomacy. This essay historicizes the rise of contemporary celebrity diplomats like Bono and Angelina Jolie by theorizing how the stardom of Kaye came to function as sentimental education, that is, as a tool for teaching Western audiences about their emotional bonds and moral obligations to distant populations. In turn, through Kaye’s performances as “Mr. UNICEF,” stardom emerged as a potent cultural technology of citizen shaping for global governing.
Exhausted Landscapes: Reframing the Rural in Recent Argentine and Brazilian Films
Authors: Andermann Jens
Published: January 2014

This article analyzes the compositional modes and signifying functions of landscape in four recent Latin American films. Comparing their deployment of the landscape form with rural-based predecessors from Brazilian and Argentine cinematic modernity, the article traces an exhaustion of landscape as purveyor of allegorical meanings. Yet the more recent films also reveal—through their self-conscious deployment of the landscape form—the historical conditions of this crisis, thus paradoxically endowing landscape once again with epistemological valences beyond the time-image.
Cinema and Suicide: Necromanticism, Dead-already-ness, and the Logic of the Vanishing Point
Authors: Aaron Michele
Published: January 2014

This article explores fiction film’s limited but highly symbolic representation of suicide, of, that is, an individual’s witting or self-willed self-killing. In doing so, it distinguishes mainstream cinema’s mortal economies. These, the death-dealing visual and narrative logic of film itself, depend on the interplay of identity and power, of—more immediately—gender, nation, and race. This complex interplay is animated here through an analysis of Sofia Coppola’s The Virgin Suicides (1999) and Hany Abu-Assad’s Oscar-nominated film Paradise Now (2005) and comes to determine my identification of mainstream cinema as necropolitical.
The Accessibility of Academic Vocabulary to Spanish Speaking High School Biology Students
Authors: Reed Deborah K. , Medina Luis A. , Martinez Norma A. , Veleta Lorena G.
Published: January 2014

One recommendation for better preparing English language learners (ELLs) for scientific fields is to capitalize on Spanish speakers’ knowledge of cognates. However, little is known about the presence of cognates in high school biology content. This study examined the linguistic basis of 968 terms co-occurring in at least one of four textbooks and one of five sets of biology standards. Approximately 85.5% of terms were Spanish-English cognates, another 7.5% were partial cognates, and 1% had false cognates. Most terms were low frequency in both English (91%) and Spanish (89%). The discussion addresses the implications for teaching ELLs academic language and science content.
Student Use of Aspirational and Linguistic Social Capital in an Urban Immigrant-Centered English Immersion High School
Authors: Straubhaar Rolf
Published: January 2014

Expanding upon Yosso’s theory of community cultural wealth , this interview-based qualitative study finds that Mexican youth in an urban two-year English immersion high school here referred to as Literacy High are assisted academically by what Yosso would call their aspirational capital and what the present article theorizes as their linguistic social capital , or their ability to utilize a Spanish-speaking student network to understand assignments and instructions. Among these students, opinions regarding the need to develop oral English proficiency vary widely, with some students choosing Spanish as a form of resistance while others feel anxiety regarding their lack of fluency in spoken English.
The Characteristics of High School Department Chairs: A National Perspective
Authors: DeAngelis Karen J.
Published: January 2014

Department chairs occupy a potentially important leadership position in high schools, yet little is known about them, particularly with regard to who they are and how they compare to other high school teachers. This is surprising given growing expectations for distributed leadership practice in schools. In this study, I utilize a national dataset to provide a large-scale look at the characteristics of department chairs. Additionally, I provide insight into the characteristics of chairs that appear to be important to their serving in the position.
Picturing the Wake : Arcimboldo, Joyce, and His “Monster”
Authors: Paris Vaclav
Published: January 2014

What does the world of Finnegans Wake look like? How do we picture its characters? Most representations are diagrammatic, yet Joyce’s work teems with specific details, objects, and lexical ephemera that are poorly represented by diagrams. This essay proposes the “Arcimboldean” as a starting point. By comparing the unstable characters and spaces of the Wake to the composite style of portraiture associated with the painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo, it raises a number of questions about the nature of Joyce’s world. How are characters composed—both in terms of text and food? How do they relate to Joyce’s characterization in Ulysses ? Are they delimitable—or do they, like Joyce’s punning language—overturn authorial control, developing monstrous lives of their own? Arcimboldo can provide not only illustrations but also a critical heuristic: a way of thinking about ontology and order in Finnegans Wake .
“A vision . . . sprang up before him” ( P 89): Filmic Assaults on Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom
Authors: Manion Deborah M.
Published: January 2014

This essay identifies two hallucinatory moments in A Portrait and Ulysses as bearing the emblems of what Gilles Deleuze calls “timeimages,” which are scenes in film that paralyze the viewer, who is also in some sense a scene participant. This ambiguity of identity, of the nature of “being” in a time-image, invites encounters with the uncanny. The first scene the essay considers is Stephen’s vision in a Cork schoolroom of boys etching the word “ Fœtus ” into a desk; the second is the apparition of Bloom’s son, Rudy, at the end of “Circe.” “‘A vision’” argues that, while words can give rise to traumatic timeimage situations, they can also save the viewer/spectator (Stephen and Bloom, respectively) from such assaults as Joyce imagines them.
“Arise, Sir Ghostus!”: Textual Spectrality and Finnegans Wake
Authors: Schultz Matthew
Published: January 2014

This essay argues that the textual specter—a non-present presence, a dual being and non-being—precisely symbolizes, for James Joyce, the overlap between Irish myth and Irish history. It contends that Joyce’s corpus, central to Irish literary tradition, celebrates this impurity and offers readers insight into contemporary Irish novelists’ motivations for and methods of reinvention. In Finnegans Wake , Joyce establishes the specter, that figure of uncontrollable and uncanny repetition, as a narrative device for (re)inventing a more nuanced version of Irish history and, therefore, a more complex definition of twenty-first-century Irishness.
How Does Eschatology Order This Book of Kills: Religion and Fractal Geometry in Finnegans Wake
Authors: Brick Martin
Published: January 2014

This essay argues that Joyce’s arrangement of religious references in Finnegans Wake is fractal in nature—that the author addresses the same issues on many scales from word to the book as a whole—and that his treatment is always fractured or incomplete. This arrangement complements a theological definition of eschatology, which seeks an “uttermost” understanding of religious and moral issues, meaning that a final answer is never reached but contemplation of the end brings meaning to the present. Ultimately this technique allows the book to do more than rearrange or comment upon past religious texts but to become in its own sense scriptural, inviting the reader to reach for a new uttermost understanding.
“The Supreme Question”: Gratifying the Loathly Lady in James Joyce’s Ulysses
Authors: Heiniger Abigail
Published: January 2014

James Joyce’s artist-hero, Stephen Dedalus, seems to live in a universe that teems with grotesque female monsters, from the Classical Gorgon to the sexually aggressive New Woman. It is a world that resembles the mythic early Ireland depicted in medieval manuscripts, replete with loathly ladies. The archetypal loathly lady developed into a distinctive figure in medieval Irish and English literature: the shape-shifting Sovranty Hag. These symbolic female characters are imbued with the potential to transform both themselves and their chosen consorts into something lovely and powerful through the fulfillment of a quest. The artist-hero Stephen stumbles in and out of several recognizable loathly-lady quests in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses . This article examines the amalgamation of Irish and English medieval tales of Stephen’s unresolved quest as well as the significance of Joyce’s revival of the powerful medieval loathly lady.
Mr. Browne in “The Dead”
Authors: Dilworth Thomas
Published: January 2014

In giving the name “Browne” to a fictional character so eager to take advantage of monastic hospitality in Ireland, Joyce, in “The Dead,” alludes to George Browne, the Archbishop of Dublin appointed by Henry VIII to suppress Irish monasteries. The allusion achieves bitter literary-historical irony that considerably sharpens the political edge of the story, and, together with Mr. Browne’s proprietary attitude and behavior, it contributes unifying significance to many of its images and motifs: Richard III and the murder of the princes, Miss Ivors leaving without eating, the story of Johnny the horse, the list of nonIrish tenors, the affinity of Gabriel Conroy with Robert Browning, the theme of hospitality in Gabriel’s speech, and Freddy Malins’s plan to dry out in the Mount Melleray Monastery
The “Devil” in the Heart: Enchi Fumiko’s Onnamen and the Uncanny
Authors: Brownstein Michael C.
Published: January 2014

Enchi Fumiko’s novel Onnamen (Female masks, 1958) has been the subject of various interpretations by Western scholars writing in English for nearly three decades. This article offers a different perspective on the novel by reading it in the light of Sigmund Freud’s essay “Das Unheimlich” (The uncanny, 1919). I argue that previous critics have not paid sufficient attention to the central male character, Ibuki Tsuneo, and his role in mediating our understanding of the central female character, Toganō Mieko, and that Mieko herself is a modern shamaness only in the sense that she is possessed by her own obsessions.
Censorship, Academic Factionalism, and University Autonomy in Wartime Japan: The Yanaihara Incident Reconsidered
Authors: Shogimen Takashi
Published: January 2014

The Yanaihara Incident is well known as an example of the wartime Japanese suppression of academic freedom. However, it remains unclear why Yanaihara Tadao had to leave the Imperial University of Tokyo. This historical reconstruction of the incident in the contexts of the pacifist movement among mukyōkai Christians, the mechanism and dynamic of censorship, and academic politics at the Faculty of Economics at the Imperial University of Tokyo reveals that while academic factionalism served as a catalyst for Yanaihara’s downfall, the tenure of the professor depended ultimately on the university’s president alone. The Yanaihara Incident epitomizes the practical difficulties of defending university autonomy.
The Discourse of Intermarriage in Colonial Taiwan
Authors: Tai Eika
Published: January 2014

This article examines how Japanese policymakers and intellectuals approached national classification in colonial Taiwan by looking into the policy and discourse of intermarriage between Japanese and Han Taiwanese. Despite its rarity in practice, intermarriage as an idea frequently appeared in political debates on the integration of Taiwan into the Japanese empire. Narratives on intermarriage shed light on how ethno-national consciousness was formed and how citizenship was distributed in the empire, revealing tensions between imperial expansion and nation building. In the process of colonial control, racial nationalism emerged to play a role in opposition to intermarriage, which was officially encouraged.
The “Matsukata Deflation” Reconsidered: Financial Stabilization and Japanese Exports in a Global Depression, 1881–85
Authors: Ericson Steven J.
Published: January 2014

This article reexamines the causes, effects, and duration of the Matsukata deflation of the early 1880s, one of the most severe contractions in modern Japanese history, together with the policies Minister of Finance Matsukata Masayoshi pursued. It also investigates the understudied relationship between Japan’s deflationary crisis and the contemporaneous global depression. Contrary to the standard narrative, Matsukata eventually succeeded at financial stabilization not primarily through retrenchment and taxation but through export promotion and bond issuance. Meanwhile, oversupply and deflation in Japan’s export markets put pressure on prices at home, intensifying a domestic deflation that was already underway when Matsukata became finance minister.
Professional, Institutional, and National Identities in Dialog: The Development of Descriptive Practices in the First Decade of the US National Archives
Authors: Gilliland Anne
Published: January 2014

Drawing upon archival sources, this article reviews the historical background and discourse surrounding early descriptive developments at the US National Archives from 1935 to 1941. It identifies three discursive strands and discusses their implications for archivists today: how local and national differences might temper wholesale adoption of practices employed in other settings; the initial attempt to blend bibliographic and archival approaches at the National Archives; and the conceptualization and subsequent adoption of the record group as an institutional compromise. This compromise embedded conceptual principles identified by European archivists while simultaneously addressing specific pragmatic and physical considerations presented by federal records at the time.
Archives, Libraries, Museums: Coming Back Together?
Authors: Marcum Deanna
Published: January 2014

While libraries, archives, and museums have taken separate paths to professionalization, the digital environment, along with its many opportunities for collaboration, is bringing these cultural institutions closer together, just as David Gracy projected early in his career. In the networked world, these siloed organizations with their unique professional histories are realizing that users of their content want information about subjects, not information from a particular source.
Preservation of Texas’s Public Records, a Vital Work in Progress
Authors: Freeman Martha Doty
Published: January 2014

Management of state and local records has a long history in the United States and in Texas, where interest in the varieties of information embedded in government documents became a matter of public investigation and funding in the 1920s. This article, written in honor of David B. Gracy II, one of the most ardent advocates of the intrinsic value of such records, describes efforts to preserve local government documents and enumerates the ways in which their uses have intensified since the mid-twentieth century.
From Archival Management to Archival Enterprise to the Information Domain: David Gracy and the Development of Archival Education at the University of Texas
Authors: Galloway Patricia
Published: January 2014

David B. Gracy II is very well known for his advocacy for archives and the study of archives, an enthusiasm that he has been communicating to students from the 1970s through the first decade of the twenty-first century. He has been involved during his career with most initiatives having to do with furthering archival education through both continuing education for working archivists and, at the University of Texas at Austin (UT), crafting a full program of postgraduate archival and preservation education. In this article I discuss the development of a discourse about and cadre for archival education in the United States, counterpointed by developments at UT from the perspective of Gracy’s career as it intersected with the social worlds of state, local, and national archives and archivists; national postsecondary education for archivists; and the national professional association of archivists.
Archives and Society: David B. Gracy II and the Value of Archives
Authors: Jimerson Randall C.
Published: January 2014

As president of the Society of American Archivists (SAA) for 1983–84, David B. Gracy II initiated the Archives and Society program, which focused on the value of archives to all members of society. This program included an effort to redefine the term "archivist" in order to emphasize the relevance and significance of the archival profession, a social marketing investigation of "the image of archives and archivists" as held by organizational resource allocators, and other efforts to promote broader understanding of the archival profession. This essay examines the Archives and Society initiative, the leadership of David Gracy, and the ongoing legacy of his term as president of SAA.
Art and Orientation
Authors: Fowler Elizabeth
Published: January 2014

Here Elizabeth Fowler proposes a number of tools for the analysis of art’s orientation towards use, an aspect of made objects (including those made of words) that interpreting critics have ignored as we’ve worked to specify reference. She theorizes a distinction between propositional space and ductile space, and shows how poems by Geoffrey Chaucer ( The Parliament of Fowls ) and Seamus Heaney (“Lightenings xiii”, “Clearances 8,” and ”The Wishing Tree”) share their orientation towards use with conventions of the built environment. She discusses especially the features of the station , a configuration that is central to the walled garden ( hortus conclusus ) and temple complex so prevalent in cultures around the globe. Together with the poems, the essay treats gates, holy wells and trees, and the sacred pilgrimage site at Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly, Ireland in order to demonstrate in each case how art invites and guides its users through its ritual experience -- whether it is “doing the station” or “reading.” When we describe art’s “user-interface” well, we have accounted for how it orients its users in time, space, and social life—an orientation we may regard as the acquisition of habitus .
Wittgenstein’s Use
Authors: Berry R. M.
Published: January 2014

The current “crisis” of the humanities foregrounds conceptual confusions about the humanities’ use. Wittgenstein’s account of meaning as use can help clarify these confusions, but only by making humanistic knowledge internal to the knower’s form of life. Part of the reason recent debates over the practical value of the humanities have proven so unsatisfying is their failure to explain how it is possible for humanistic knowledge to be either useful or useless to the human beings whose lives form its basis. Because in Philosophical Investigations knowledge of human life is normally expressed in how humans live, not in descriptions of how humans live, the practical value—that is, the use—of humanistic study seems obvious only in contexts where dehumanization has become continuous with human life. Martha Nussbaum’s attempt to enlist the humanities in combatting dehumanization fails to account adequately for this dependence of humanistic knowledge on humans’ alienation from themselves and their kind. If Wittgenstein can meaningfully describe the natural conditions of being human, it is only because he addresses readers who, like himself, find it natural in certain contexts to live as though having forgotten them. Chinua Achebe’s account of racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness also addresses readers for whom, in certain contexts, dehumanization comes naturally, but Achebe presupposes, rather than describes, what it means to know another as a human being. In Stanley Cavell’s interpretation of Wittgenstein’s philosophy, knowing a human being is a matter of acknowledging, not necessarily of describing, naturally occurring conditions of one’s own and others’ form of life. However, in contexts where dehumanization has come to seem natural—that is, where humanity is experienced as an external condition to which, in living, everyone conforms—acknowledging what it means to be human requires describing what one knows. These descriptions will comprise contributions to the humanities. Knowing another as a human being, when not naturally occurring, means getting to know human life better , and getting to know human life is Wittgenstein’s use.
The Use Values of Narrativity in Digital Cultures
Authors: Collins Jim
Published: January 2014

This article investigates the changing use values of narrativity in the early twenty-first century by focusing on the frenetic expansion of narrative universes. Popular narratives continue to have the power to mesmerize, but now they also serve another function—they exist to be made use of, to be taken up and extended by professionals and amateurs alike. This article looks at two parallel dimensions of this expansion--narrative “world building” and quality serial television. How do we develop a better understanding of how narrativity moves across media when books, films, and television programs are all MP3 files which “play” on the same screens on our personal digital devices? How does it change the way we tell stories? How does it change how we encounter culture and make it our own? Those questions must be pursued in tandem, because if “narrative theory” is to become relevant again in the twenty-first century, it has to account for how narrative texts—whether they be novels, films, television programs, or web series—are shaped by how we acquire, curate, and “play” them across ever more diversified formats within the devices which are the repositories of all our cultural stuff.
Pragmatic Liberal Education
Authors: Roth Michael S.
Published: January 2014

Liberal education is under siege today. While some scramble to hold on to liberal arts traditions in the face of online instruction, others contend these traditions do little to prepare students for the high-tech jobs of the twenty-first century. Throughout American history debates have raged about what it means for an education to be useful. This article argues for a pragmatic liberal education but against a narrowly instrumental one. Pragmatic liberal education increases students’ abilities to connect study with vital issues in such a way as to promote lifelong inquiry. This form of education, and the tensions it embodies, enables us to see the impact of learning far beyond the university.
Arts, Humanities, Sciences, Uses
Authors: Boyd Brian
Published: January 2014

We should not define the “uses” of the arts and humanities against the sciences. Nor, in our finite world, should we resist asking what their uses are. The long perspective of science helps us see that art, which might seem the most useless of all major forms of human activity, can reshape minds and societies by its very freedom from immediate use. Fiction in particular has led to an expansion in sympathy and a decline in social harm, and like all the arts prompts the imagination to envisage richer purposes in a richer world. Given that we need to imitate in order to innovate, the arts and the humanities, as seedbanks of the human past, make a world of difference. In our ultrasocial species, our arts, our sciences, our societies are humanities, all the way down. If we currently section off science, medicine, engineering, architecture, economics, and fine arts, even these specialisms are also all humanities, the product of human action, thought, inquiry, accumulation, contestation and preservation. In the core humanities, where we examine what we humans think and do, have thought and done, and might think and do, we need to focus more on creative problem-solving in the past and how that can help engender creativity in the present and future. At their best the arts and the humanities, like the best science, critique themselves, both building on and challenging what has gone before. A poem by Szymborska and a novel by Nabokov show how creativity and critique, by exploring the possibility beyond the actual, help extend what is actually possible.
Between Nihilism and Anti-Essentialism: A Conceptualist Interpretation of Nāgārjuna
Authors: Spackman John
Published: January 2014

This essay defends a “conceptualist” interpretation of Nāgārjuna that stands in between two other prominent accounts, the nihilist view and what is called here the anti-essentialist view. The nihilist reading, recently defended by Thomas Wood, holds that for Nāgārjuna nothing exists either at the ultimate or at the conventional level. In the anti-essentialist account, supported by Jay Garfield and David Kalupahana, though Nāgārjuna rejects the ultimate existence of things as svabhāva (independent), he affirms their conventional existence as interdependent. It is argued here that the nihilist view raises two challenges to which anti-essentialists have given no adequate response. The first alleges that the notion that all things are interdependent is incoherent. The second consists of passages from Nāgārjuna’s writings that seem to claim that whatever exists is svabhāva or depends on what is svabhāva . The conceptualist interpretation, it is suggested here, allows us to respond to these challenges while avoiding the implausible nihilist account. In this view, the passages in question assert a claim not about what exists but about the concept of existence, namely that it is a core part of this concept that what exists is either svabhāva or depends on what is svabhāva . Thus, contra the anti-essentialist, Nāgārjuna’s view is that there is no coherent concept of universal interdependent existence. But contra the nihilist, things can still be said to exist conventionally, since conventional discourse is precisely discourse in which subjects do not endorse the svabhāva component of the concept of existence. The upshot—again contra the anti-essentialist—is that both conventional truth and emptiness are strictly inconceivable.
What Can Activist Scholars Learn from Rumi?
Authors: D’Souza Radha
Published: January 2014

The neoliberal restructuring of higher education everywhere is accompanied by a distinctive branch of knowledge known as activist scholarship. Drawing from a number of disciplines including education, sociology, social anthropology, social theory, law, and human rights, activist scholarship proclaims as its core mission Marx’s imperative that philosophy should transform the world. Activist scholars affirm human emancipation as the goal of scholarship and set themselves the task of building bridges between theory and practice. There is a spectrum of views on the theory-practice nexus. Regardless, they all share certain common grounds that affirm (1) a nexus between theory and practice; (2) a relationship between knowledge and action; (3) knowledge as a condition for emancipation and freedom; (4) the affirmation of love and solidarity for social change; (5) the importance of everyday life; and (6) the role of the activist scholar in social change. These themes form part of a long and entrenched tradition in dissident Eastern philosophies, in particular the poet-saint traditions. Here each of the themes in activist scholarship is interrogated using the works of Mawlana Jalal al Din Rumi, the thirteenth-century Persian poet. What can activist scholars learn from Rumi?
Shang Yang Was a Cooperator: Applying Axelrod’s Analysis of Cooperation in Early China
Authors: Sanft Charles
Published: January 2014

Many scholars view Shang Yang as a philosopher of totalitarianism. This article argues for a reconsideration of that understanding. It is suggested that, despite Shang Yang’s reputation, elements of the governmental changes in the state of Qin that are credited to him would have promoted cooperation. To support this argument, this essay draws from Robert Axelrod’s analysis in The Evolution of Cooperation . An examination of the Shang Yang reforms in light of Axelrod’s suggestions for encouraging cooperation indicates that some of the most famous changes would have worked to do just that. The result may have been different from what the Qin rulers expected, as further analysis suggests that this cooperation likely contributed to the eventual fall of the Qin dynasty.
Incommensurability of Two Conceptions of Reality: Dependent Origination and Emptiness in Nāgārjuna’s MMK
Authors: Jiang Tao
Published: January 2014

Nāgārjuna is reconstructed here as someone who challenges the way that much of the mainstream Western and Indian philosophical traditions deal with the tension between conceptions of ultimate and conventional reality, termed “genic” and “generative.” He argues for fundamental incommensurability between the two and proposes a radically different way to understand the world, making it generatively real and genically empty. In so doing, he questions the distortive presence of genic elements in our understanding of the world, everyday and meditative.
The Moral Standing of Animals and Plants in the Manusmṛti
Authors: Framarin Christopher G.
Published: January 2014

Here it is argued that the Manusmṛti attributes direct moral standing to animals and plants at least in part because they are sentient (i.e., capable of pleasure and pain). The argument for this goes as follows. The Manusmṛti claims that certain actions produce merit and demerit, which often cause pleasure and pain. Pleasure and pain are suitable consequences of merit and demerit only if they have value and disvalue. The value and disvalue of pleasure and pain are not derived entirely from the value of the further ends to which they are a means. Hence, the value and disvalue of pleasure and pain are at least partly intrinsic. Hence, any entity capable of pleasure and pain has direct moral standing. The Manusmṛti claims that animals and plants are sentient. So the Manusmṛti attributes direct moral standing to animals and plants, at least in part because they are sentient.
Is There No Distinction between Reason and Emotion in Mengzi?
Authors: Kim Myeong-seok
Published: January 2014

The aim of this essay is to investigate what role emotions play in moral judgment in Mengzi’s ethical thought. What is meant by ‘moral judgment’ here is basically a judgment of what is morally right and wrong in a broad sense, and this essay specifically tries to answer the question of whether ethical emotions like compassion, respect, and shame would constitute the sole source of moral judgment in Mengzi’s thought. The formulation of my leading question this way both is informed by and responds to the recent trend in Mengzi scholarship that emphasizes the positive roles emotions play in one’s ethical life. This essay critically examines David Wong’s thesis that there is no distinction between reason and emotion in Mengzi, and it alternatively argues that moral emotions in Mengzi provide an important but only partial basis for all-things-considered ethical judgment.
The Heated French Debate on Comparative Philosophy Continues: Philosophy versus Philology
Authors: Botz-Bornstein Thorsten
Published: January 2014

Since 1990, two eminent French-speaking sinologists, François Jullien and Jean François Billeter, have been engaged in a debate on the principles of comparative philosophy and sinology. The debate has been developed in several books and articles and attracted the attention of a relatively broad public as well as of a wide range of French intellectuals. The arguments with regard to an older discussion on the difference between philology and philosophy are evaluated here, and conclusions are drawn concerning the present status of comparative philosophy in academia.
Śrī Harṣa contra Hegel: Monism, Skeptical Method, and the Limits of Reason
Authors: Maharaj Ayon
Published: January 2014

This essay identifies salient points of affinity and divergence in the monistic metaphysics and skeptical methodologies of the German idealist Hegel and the Indian Advaitin Śrī Harṣa. Remarkably, both Śrī Harṣa’s Khaṇḍanakhaṇṇakhādya (ca. 1170) and Hegel’s Phänomenologie des Geistes (1807) attempt to defend a monistic standpoint exclusively by means of a sustained critique of non-monistic philosophical positions. It is argued here, however, that Śrī Harṣa and Hegel diverge sharply in their specific views on the powers and limits of philosophy and on the precise nature of monistic reality. In stark contrast to Hegel, Śrī Harṣa rejects the very possibility of a philosophical justification of monism, since he claims that the non-dual reality of Brahman lies beyond reason. Moreover, while Hegel drives a wedge between thought and empirical praxis, Śrī Harṣa insists that how we think and reason depends on the nature of our mind, which is itself conditioned by how we live.
Ji Kang’s Essay “Music Has in It neither Grief nor Joy” (聲無哀樂論) and the Structure (理) of Perception
Authors: Rošker Jana S.
Published: January 2014

While Ji Kang’s 嵇康, (223–262) famous dispute “Music Has in It neither Grief nor Joy” has commonly been understood as a subtle and indirect critique of Confucian rituality and of the “abuse” of music for political intentions, the present article draws attention to a new interpretation based on his thesis on the structural connection between the subject and the object of perception.
Derrida and Zen: Desert and Swamp
Authors: Hagiwara Takao
Published: January 2014

By comparing D. T. Suzuki’s soku-hi 即非 (lit. immediately not) logic (A is A, because A is not-A), which is connatural with what might be called the “Japanese swamp/womb sensibility,” to the desert and nomadic concepts of Derrida’s deconstruction, this essay argues that, contrary to some critics’ views, Suzuki’s soku-hi logic accords with Derrida’s thinking.
Until Death Do Us Part?: The Economics of Short-Term Marriage Contracts
Authors: Marcassa Stefania , Ponthière Grégory
Published: January 2014

Under the existing marriage contracts, the default length of a marriage is the total remaining lifespan of the spouses. This paper aims at questioning the standard long-term marriage contracts by exploring the conditions under which short-term contracts would be more desirable. Using a two-period collective household model, we show that, under general conditions on individual preferences and household production technology, short-term marriage contracts, if available, would dominate long-term contracts. Moreover, the recent equalization of bargaining power within the household is shown to make short-term contracts even more desirable than in the past.
Snyder v. Phelps : The U.S. Supreme Court’s Spectacular Erasure of the Tragic Spectacle
Authors: Bruner M. Lane , Balter-Reitz Susan
Published: January 2014

On March 2, 2011, the U.S. Supreme Court determined in Snyder v. Phelps that protests by members of Westboro Baptist Church, a small group of religious fundamentalists committed to communicating their beliefs publicly in spectacular fashion, were protected under the First Amendment based on a dual standard of “public concern”; that is, their speech dealt with sociopolitical issues and their speech attracted media attention. This rhetorical conflation of sociopolitical issues with subjects of media interest provides legal encouragement for the creation of media spectacles on the part of hate groups and other ideologues and discourages the development of the very public reason taken for granted by the Court. To defend this claim, we first provide a brief history of the Westboro Baptist Church and its strategic manipulation of the mass media and free speech law, situated within competing traditions of public sphere theory. After next providing a history of the judicial evolution of Snyder v. Phelps , we engage in a close reading of the majority and dissenting Supreme Court opinions to reveal the rhetorical conflation of “public issues” and “public concern,” and we conclude with reflections on the relationships among that conflation, the role of different forms of spectacle in advanced capitalist societies, and the possibilities for more informed democratic citizenship.
Drew Ali and the Moorish Science Temple of America: A Minor Rhetoric of Black Nationalism
Authors: Varda Scott J.
Published: January 2014

This essay addresses the rhetorical constitution of identity. Analyzing the rhetoric of Drew Ali and the Moorish Science Temple of America, I suggest these discourses rhetorically transformed black Americans’ identity to a people resignified as a unique racial and religious community—Moorish Americans. My analysis extends the concept of “minor rhetoric” by illustrating how resistant identities can be constituted. The analysis posits Ali’s discourse as a minor rhetoric of black nationalism capable of stuttering the language of the larger white culture as well as other protest rhetorics.
Religious Conflict and Intellectual Agency: Robert Ingersoll's Contributions to American Thought and Culture
Authors: Stob Paul
Published: January 2014

Robert Green Ingersoll, often called the Great Agnostic, was the most celebrated and the most reviled orator in America during the final decades of the nineteenth century. He attacked revealed religion, ridiculed the faith of millions, yet attracted massive audiences to his lectures in cities and towns across the country. In this essay I explore how Ingersoll was able to maintain his visibility and influence for over a quarter century while simultaneously assaulting what many of his listeners held sacred. I argue that Ingersoll’s lectures ultimately ascribed intellectual agency to individuals whose agency seemed in question, thereby empowering ordinary Americans as participants in the radical changes then shaping the world of thought. Importantly, this message of agency extended to believers and nonbelievers, which helps explain why both the religiously devout and skeptical agnostics flocked to Ingersoll’s lectures. In the end, Ingersoll’s lectures underscore the role of conflict and controversy in a healthy democratic society.
The Peace Rhetoric of a War President: Barack Obama and the Just War Legacy
Authors: Reeves Joshua , May Matthew S.
Published: January 2014

As a rejoinder to Robert Terrill’s recent analysis of Barack Obama’s 2009 Nobel lecture, this essay more closely examines that address vis-à-vis the historical foundations of just war philosophy. We argue that Obama’s lecture rechannels traditional just war thought by diffusing the potential spatiotemporal reach of American military jurisdiction, praising the supposedly post-political decisions of elite individuals and institutions, and offering ever more inclusive definitions of originary hostile acts that demand the “retribution” of just war. We conclude by addressing the irony that, instead of harnessing that historic occasion for the cause of a renewed global peace, President Obama’s lecture actually lays the moral foundation for future conflicts.
Catholic Action, The Second Vatican Council, and The Emergence of The New Left in El Salvador (1950–1975)
Authors: Chvez Joaqun M.
Published: January 2014

In 1958, Roque Dalton, a young poet affiliated with the Communist Party of El Salvador (PCS), won the first prize in a poetry contest at the University of El Salvador. A few days later, members of Salvadoran Catholic University Action, a student organization known as ACUS or simply Catholic Action, published a demolishing but carelessly written critique of Dalton. The anonymous writer of an article titled Under the Empire of Vulgarity turned his disgust with the poem written by Dalton into a diatribe against Dalton's political persona. Dalton's raw allusions to double standards in the sexual morality of priests and his remarks about the Catholic practice of fasting seem to have especially upset the leaders of ACUS. A month later, ACUS published a rejoinder written by Dalton, along with excerpts of the controversial poem. In his retort, Dalton stated that ACUS dodged debates on substantial political and aesthetic issues by engaging in insults, quick and facile judgments, and rude pigeon-holing that closes all means of intellectual comprehension.
“To Assault With The Truth”: The Revitalization of Conservative Militancy in Mexico During the Global Sixties
Authors: Pensado Jaime M.
Published: January 2014

On July 26, 1961, a mob of approximately 500 students affiliated with an anti-castrista group called “Mariano” gathered at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City. After splashing the Cuban and Soviet embassies with red paint, they headed toward the School of Economics with the intent to burn an effigy of Fidel Castro. The activists timed their act to coincide with the inaugural celebration of the Mexican- Cuban Institute of Cultural Relations José Martí; the event itself was scheduled on the eighth anniversary of the Moncada Barracks attack that sparked the Cuban Revolution. The anti-Castro protestors denounced the proceedings with chants and signs that read “A direct threat to Mexico.” Warning other students about the “the red hand” manipulated by the “despot Fidel,” the group condemned the entire July 26 Revolutionary Movement, calling it a continental menace that, if allowed to succeed, would introduce “communist tyranny to all Latin America.”
Revolution Beyond the Sierra Maestra: The Tupamaros and the Development of a Repertoire of Dissent in the Southern Cone
Authors: Marchesi Aldo
Published: January 2014

In July 1967, while Che Guevara was trying to create—with limited success— a rural foco (guerrilla cell) in Bolivia, the first conference of the Organization of Latin American Solidarity (OLAS) was taking place in Havana. The conference was presented as the application of the decisions made at the Tricontinental Conference, which had taken place in January 1966. For the first time, members of different organizations on the Latin American left met to agree on a collective response to the question of how to develop solidarity among countries such as Cuba that had defeated imperialism and those that had embarked upon but not yet won a definitive battle.
Introduction: Latin America in the Global Sixties
Authors: Zolov Eric
Published: January 2014

An important shift is under way in the scholarship on Latin America during the Cold War. This special issue on the Global Sixties presents many of the leading academic voices of that historiographical movement. In part, today's shift is influenced by a new generation of historians unencumbered by the ideological baggage carried by those who witnessed and participated in the political struggles and artistic exuberance of the 1960s as they occurred. With this shift, we are finally reaching a point where more historia than memoria. is being written. Without question, the numerous memoirbased narratives written by participants have helped to inform our understanding of the epoch, providing rich primary-source narratives of personal recollection and witness. The new historical investigations build on these memoirs, yet are firmly grounded in archival research. In turn, this archival research has fleshed out old historical questions and brought to the forefront many new ones. The results have often been fundamentally revisionist interpretations of the prevailing assumptions of the period.
To the Beat of “The Walrus”: Uruguayan Communists and Youth Culture in the Global Sixties
Authors: Markarian Vania
Published: January 2014

In the 1960s, a generation of Latin American youth entered political life inspired by a heroic view of activism tiiat coincided, often contentiously, with the spread of new cultural trends from youth movements in Europe and the United States. This study focuses on how the notions of “being young” in circulation at the time affected the construction of political identities in Uruguay, particularly among the different branches of the Uruguayan left. I am especially interested in analyzing the relationship between the cultural representations of youth and the requirements for activism as conceived by these Uruguayan leftist groups.