bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines--Performance--Part 1: Standard Reference Conditions, Declarations of Power, Fuel and Lubricating Oil Consumptions, and Test Methods
Authors:   Marine Technical Steering Committee
Published: March 2017

This part of ISO 3046 specifies standard reference conditions and methods of declaring the power, fuel consumption, lubricating oil consumption, and test methods for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines in commercial production using liquid or gaseous fuels. Where necessary, individual requirements are given for particular engine applications.

This part of ISO 3046 covers RIC engines for land, rail-traction, and marine use, excluding engines used to propel agricultural tractors, road vehicles, and aircraft.

This part of ISO 3046 may be applied to engines used to propel road construction and earthmoving machines, industrial trucks, and for other applications where no suitable International Standard for these engines exists.

This part of ISO 3046 may be applied to tests on a test bed at the manufacturer's works and to tests on site.
Art, Symbol and Royalty: A Case Study of the Yoruba Speakers in Nigeria
Authors: Folabalogun Morenike
Published: March 2017

This paper set out to examine the relationship and importance of Art, Symbol and Royalty amongst the Yoruba speakers in Nigeria. While studies have been done in different areas of this topic, yet this area remains unattended to despite its importance in art history. The aim of this paper is to bring awareness and fill the existing gap. The methodology of research employed is qualitative, through observation, non-observation, intrinsic/contextual analyses. Yoruba culture follows the general patterns of traditions in African societies. The traditional leaders are seen and reverenced as intermediaries to God; the Yoruba traditional heads are custodians of history, religion, tradition, myths, norms and values. Their subjects see them as deities; to wade off the ills within individuals and communities at large. The paper revealed that art; symbol and royalty are inextricably tied together. The unknown artists are still the machines that create the art, symbol and royalty traditionally, amongst the Yoruba speakers.Key Word: Ade, Are, Oba, Oduduwa, and Ooni, art, regalia, beed
African Primodial Society in Armah and Kourouma’s Historical Novels: The Binary Polemics of Yes and No to Retours Aux Sources
Authors: Njoku Anthony
Published: March 2017

Africa remains a massive political wasteland after her independence failure. The foremost nationalists who became first generation leaders and their corrupt successors in the post-colonial era mismanaged the huge success in a disconcerting manner and Africa’s political, social and economic life was marked by irony and contrast. This dismal situation engendered hopelessness and scepticism which triggered off disillusionment literature. Should Africa return to her cradle of unspoilt spring of pristine and primordial values? Were these values really magnificent? Should we disdain her past and be thankful enough to colonisation and so join the global train? Ayi Kwei Armah and Ahmadou Kourouma offer different perspectives in their historical novels’ accounts. This paper reviewed the high stakes in retour aux sources spiritual movement against the call for Africa to brace forward. It concluded by stating that the authors’ parallel views are gnawed by the same virus—dissention (disunity) of which they accused the ancient society. But isn’t it natural for heterogeneous voices to delimit all known historical accounts?Key words: Historical novels, primordial values, disillusionment, retour aux sources
Ocean acidification increases the sensitivity and variability of physiological responses of an intertidal limpet to thermal stress
Authors: Wang Jie , Dong Yun-wei , Ding Meng-wen , Russell Bayden
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Understanding physiological responses of organisms to warming and ocean acidification is the first step towards predicting the potential population, community and ecological impacts of these stressors. Increasingly, physiological plasticity is being recognized as important for organisms to adapt to the changing microclimates. Here, we evaluate the importance of physiological plasticity for coping with ocean acidification and elevated temperature, and its variability among individuals from the same population, of the limpet Cellana toreuma. Heart rates (as a proxy for metabolic performance) and genes encoding heat-shock proteins were measured at different heat shock temperatures (26, 30, 34, 38 °C) in individuals acclimated under combinations of different pCO2 (400 ppm, 1000 ppm) and temperature (20 °C, 24 °C) regimes. Analysis of heart rate showed significantly higher temperature coefficients (Q10 rates) for limpets at 20 °C than at 24 °C and lower post-acclimation thermal sensitivity of limpets at 400 ppm than at 1000 ppm. hsp70 expression linearly increased with the increasing heat-shock temperatures, with the largest slope occurring in limpets under a future scenario (24 °C and 1000 ppm pCO2). These results suggested that limpets will have increased sensitivity and energy consumption under future conditions. Furthermore, the increased variation in physiological response under the future scenario indicated that some individuals were better to cope physiologically with these conditions. Therefore, while ocean acidification decreases the ability of many individuals to respond to thermal stress, physiological plasticity and variability seem to be crucial in allowing some intertidal animals to survive in a rapidly changing environment.
The salience of liminal spaces of learning: assembling affects, bodies and objects at the museum
Authors: Mulcahy Dianne
Published: March 2017

Abstract. In this article, I work toward producing understandings of learning as liminal and as located in a liminal space. Framed as learning through the in-between, I engage with the concept of liminality as a way of unravelling the complexity of the practice of learning at the museum. Deploying data from video-based case studies of 40 school students' engagements with learning over the course of a visit to Museum Victoria, Australia, and utilising an analytic of assemblage, I map the spatial dynamics of learning in action. From analyses undertaken, it is argued that liminal spaces of learning open up in museum education and have a special salience. They have the potential to jump start the learner out of a comfortable state of mind and into a state of productive uncertainty. They also serve as a location for potential critique. More broadly, these analyses direct attention to the centrality of material practice and agency to liminality and liminal learning.
Every Apple has a Voice: Using Stable Isotopes to Teach about Food Sourcing and the Water Cycle
Authors: Oerter Erik , Malone Molly , Putman Annie , Drits-Esser Dina , Stark Louisa , Bowen Gabriel
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Agricultural crops such as fruits take up irrigation and meteoric water and incorporate it into their tissue (fruit water) during growth, and the geographic origin of a fruit may be traced by comparing the H and O stable isotope composition (δ2H and δ18O values) of fruit water to the global geospatial distribution of H and O stable isotopes in precipitation. This connection between common fruits and the global water cycle provides an access point to connect with a variety of demographic groups to educate about isotope hydrology and the water cycle. Within the context of a one-day outreach activity designed for a wide spectrum of participants (high school students, undergraduate students, high school science teachers) we developed introductory lecture materials, in-class participatory demonstrations of fruit water isotopic measurement in real time, and a computer lab exercise to couple actual fruit water isotope data with open-source on-line geospatial analysis software. We assessed learning outcomes with pre- and post-tests tied to learning objectives, as well as participant feedback surveys. Results indicate that this outreach activity provided effective lessons on the basics of stable isotope hydrology and the water cycle. The introductory lecture and demonstration components were received, on average, uniformly well by the various participant groups. However, the computer lab exercise needs to be more specifically tailored to the abilities of each participant group. This pilot study provides a foundation for further development of outreach materials that can effectively engage a range of participant groups in learning about the water cycle and the ways in which humans modify the water cycle through agricultural activity.
Modeling the influence of snowcover temperature and water content on wet snow avalanche runout
Authors: Vera Valero Cesar , Wever Nander , Christen Marc , Bartelt Perry
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Snow avalanche motion is strongly dependent on the temperature and water content of the snowcover. In this paper we use a snowcover model, driven by measured meteorological data, to set the initial and boundary conditions for wet snow avalanche calculations. The snowcover model provides estimates of snow depth, density, temperature and liquid water content. This information is used to prescribe fracture heights and erosion depths for an avalanche dynamics model. We compare simulated runout distances with observed avalanche deposition fields using a contingency table analysis. Our analysis of the simulations reveals a large variability in predicted runout for tracks with flat terraces and gradual slope transitions to the runout zone. Reliable estimates of avalanche mass (height and density) in the release and erosion zones is identified to be more important than an exact specification of temperature and water content. For wet snow avalanches, this implies that the layers where meltwater accumulates in the release zone must be identified accurately as this defines the height of the fracture slab and therefore the release mass. This is an interesting result because it indicates the critical role of fracture depth as an input parameter in avalanche simulations. Advanced thermomechanical models appear to be better suited than existing guideline procedure to simulate wet snow avalanches when accurate snowcover information is available.
Crizotinib: Renal Safety Evaluation
Authors: Perazella Mark A. , Izzedine Hassan
Published: March 2017

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase 1 (ALK 1) is a member of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase family. Crizotinib is a small molecule inhibitor available for clinical use, which is found within the ALK family of drugs. Several other ALK 1 inhibitors are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials. Crizotinib is approved for the treatment of advanced ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, this drug is associated with various renal adverse effects. Treatment with crizotinib appears to be associated with pseudo- and true acute kidney injury. Peripheral edema and rare electrolyte disorders are also described with this ALK inhibitor. Finally, crizotinib also appears to increase the risk for the development and progression of renal cysts. This review focuses on the mechanism of action, clinical indications, pharmacology, and adverse renal effects of crizotinib.
Development of A Study Module on and Pedagogical Approaches to Industrial Environmental Engineering and Sustainability in Mozambique
Authors: Husgafvel Roope , Martikka Mikko , Egas Andrade , Ribeiro Natasha , Dahl Olli
Published: March 2017

Addressing the sustainability challenges in the forest sector in Mozambique require capacity building for higher education and training of new skilled expert and future decision-makers. Our approach was to developed a study module on and pedagogical approaches to industrial environmental engineering and sustainability. The idea was to developed a joint module that would eventually become a part of both PhD and MSc programmes in the Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM) in Mozambique. The basis of our development work encompassed the local priorities as identified by the UEM staff, UEM competencies in forestry engineering and the experience of the Aalto University in higher education in the fields of environmental engineering, sustainability and forest products technology. From the beginning, public authorities and industry/company representatives were involved in the development process to advance the created benefits in terms of sustainable development in Mozambique. The result of the joined work by these two higher education institutions was a study module that has been teached and completed by a class of MSc students as a part of the official UEM curricula.
Natural Regeneration Status of the Ground Water Forest in Nech Sar National Park, Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Molla Mekonnen
Published: March 2017

Nech Sar National Park hosts a variety of unique terrestrial and aquatic features. The ground water forest of the park is characterized by dense canopy cover, evergreen, none rainfall dependent out of its biome region, rich in ground water and associated wetlands and mixed shrub land vegetation structure. Since ecosystem management is solidly dependent on localized factors, the research was carried out to explore the regeneration status of the ground water woody vegetation of Nech Sar National Park as it is a crucial element of identifying environmental as well as human induced factors that are affecting the restoration potentials of the vegetation. A total of 36 experimental plots were employed along five different transects that were laid out systematically so as to explore the regeneration status of the major woody tree species of the ground water vegetation of the park. The findings showed that, the ground water vegetation is at high risk of natural regeneration that needs the urgent interference of all concerned Government and development partners in averting the selective cutting of trees so as to meet the ever increasing household energy demand of Arba Minch city.
How Much Am I Selling It for? Approaches and Methods of Patents Valuation in Technology Transfer
Authors: Da Cruz Gustavo , Jabur Danilo Moreira , Junior Franklin Mendonça Goês
Published: March 2017

Patent has assumed a protagonism in the transformation of knowledge and technology to allow some kind of economic exploration. However, researchers have some problems to define the correct value of their patent to sell it to industries or governments. The purpose of this paper is to explore the approaches and methods of patents valuation, especially in technology transfer process between universities-industries. It was made the review and examination cost-based, market-based and income-based approaches and their corresponding methods of patents valuation: Incurred-cost, costing, comparison-based and real options. Patent valuation will be presented to researchers, managers and other actors involved with innovation with the aim of creating at the universities their own valuation model focused on a better technology transfer process within industries, and consequently generate additional profits to the university third mission.
De democratische kwaliteit van gekozen en niet-gekozen vertegenwoordiging in gemeenten
Authors: van de  Bovenkamp Hester , Vollaard Hans
Published: March 2017

The democratic quality of elected and non-elected representation in municipalities

The often gloomy analyses of democratic representation at the local level are frequently directed at the problems with parties and elections. Direct participation is not a good alternative because only certain people who are already politically active use it. However, with the help of the concept ‘representative claim’ and based on two qualitative case studies of decentralizations in the social domain, the authors show that there are other representative people besides elected politicians. These self-appointed, non-elected representatives may advocate on behalf of vulnerable groups who themselves do not have a strong voice in politics. In addition this study shows that elected representatives, like political parties and local counselors, can strengthen their representative role by: (1) cooperating better with the non-elected representatives, (2) highlighting their representational claims and the basis of these claims, and (3) strengthening their responsiveness towards their support base through authorization and other accountability structures other than elections. In this way the democratic representation in municipalities is reinforced and may be stronger than the often gloomy analyses suggest.
Adoption and relinquishment interventions at the animal shelter: a review
Authors: Protopopova A , Gunter LM
Published: March 2017

Each year, nearly 4 million dogs will enter one of over 13,000 animal shelters operating in the United States. We review programmes implemented at shelters aimed at increasing the likelihood of adoption. The morphology of shelter dogs plays a large role in in-kennel adopter selection, but their behaviour is also influential in out-of-kennel adopter interactions. Previous studies suggest that dogs have the ability to readily learn new behaviours at the shelter, and programmes designed to improve behaviour of the dogs can increase adoption rates. Whilst human interaction has been well-established to improve behavioural and physiological outcomes of dogs living in shelters, analysis of the effects of sensory, environmental, and social-conspecific enrichment has not resulted in clear conclusions. We also review the literature on the relinquishment of owned dogs and return rates of previously adopted dogs. Whilst owner- and dog-related risks to relinquishment are discussed, we show that there is a notable lack of research into programmes that address issues that may prevent the initial surrender of dogs to shelters, or that could prevent re-relinquishment. It is likely that factors, unrelated to the dog, play a larger role than previously believed. Suggestions for further research include multi-site studies, investigations into the efficacy of in-shelter enrichment programmes, predictive validity of behavioural assessments, understanding of adopter behaviour at the shelter, and programmes within the community focused on keeping dogs in their homes.
German language needs in Danish companies
Authors: Vandermeeren Sonja
Published: March 2017

The first section of my paper provides a definition of the need for foreign languages in the business context and catalogues types and indicators of this need. In the second section the methods that can be employed in needs analysis studies are presented. Section three provides illustrative material from a questionnaire-based pilot survey. Taking the case of German companies, I investigate their expectations with regard to linguistic and cultural adaptation by their Danish business partners. Contrary to expectation, knowledge of German culture is regarded as more useful than German language knowledge. The educational implications of the findings of needs analysis studies are then dealt with in the fourth section.
A textlinguistic and genological approach to the letters of application
Authors: Gillaerts Paul
Published: March 2017

In this article we analysed a corpus of  letters of application that received an evaluation by the recruiters. We investigated whether there existed a correlation between the structural and linguistic characteristics of the letters and the positive or negative evaluation by the recruiting ofﬁcers. For the rhetorical structure of the letters of application, we adopted the genre approach by Bhatia (1993); for the persuasiveness of the style we used the metadiscursivity classiﬁcation of Louhiala-Salminen (1999). Both the move structure and the metadiscursivity seem to play an important role in the appreciation of the letters of application by the recruitment ofﬁcers. There is a signiﬁ cant correlation between the evaluation by the recruitment ofﬁcers on the one hand and the rhetorical structure and the use of metadiscursive elements on the other hand.
Promoting books and places: A study of adjectival modification in persuasion and description
Authors: Yli-Jokipii Hilkka
Published: March 2017

This is a study of adjectival modification, that is the use of adjectives and adjectival participles, in the genres of book information and place description. Book information represents a genre with a subtle, covertly persuasive function, while place description is taken to have little or no persuasive force. The study starts out with a quantitative element, establishing lexical densities of the eight texts in the data. This is followed by qualitative analyses of the functions which adjectives have in the genres examined. Answers are sought to these primary questions: 1) What is the role of modifying adjectives in the lexical density of the texts analysed? 2) What discourse functions do these adjectives fulfil in the two genres? The conclusions of the study include: 1) High occurrence of modifying items does not automatically equal nominal style. 2) High occurrence of modifying items is not an automatic sign of high lexical density. 3) The frequent use of modifiers in non-fiction is not limited to persuasion, since adjectives are also frequent in the genre in which the descriptive function is foregrounded.
Sedentary Behavior and Blood Pressure in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hubbard Elizabeth A. , Motl Robert W. , Fernhall Bo
Published: March 2017

Background:

Sedentary behavior is a pervasive public health concern in the general population. To date, little is known regarding the possible health risks associated with sedentary behavior in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), although this population has increased risks of comorbidities such as hypertension.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study examined the association between sedentary behavior and blood pressure (BP) in 31 patients with MS and 31 matched controls. Self-reported sitting time, one form of sedentary behavior, was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Using an automated oscillometric monitor, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure were measured in the supine position after 10 minutes of rest lying down in a quiet room.

Results:

There were significant correlations between International Physical Activity Questionnaire–measured sitting time and systolic BP (r = 0.365, P = .044, 95% CI, 0.013–0.636), diastolic BP (r = 0.382, P = .034, 95% CI, 0.032–0.648), and mean arterial pressure (r = 0.425, P = .017, 95% CI, 0.084–0.677) in patients with MS but not in controls (P > .05). The associations in patients with MS were unchanged even after adjusting for body mass index in linear regression analyses.

Conclusions:

This study identified a significant association between sitting time and BP outcomes in patients with MS, supporting the need for additional examinations of sitting time and its possible health consequences in patients with MS.
Projecting the Adequacy of the Multiple Sclerosis Neurologist Workforce
Authors: Halpern Michael T. , Kane Heather , Teixeira-Poit Stephanie , Ford Corey , Giesser Barbara , Halper June , Johnson Shana , LaRocca Nicholas G. , Miller Aaron , Ringel Steven P.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Anecdotal reports suggest shortages among neurologists who provide multiple sclerosis (MS) patient care. However, little information is available regarding the current and future supply of and demand for this neurologist workforce.

Methods:

We used information from neurologist and neurology resident surveys, professional organizations, and previously reported studies to develop a model assessing the projected supply and demand (ie, expected physician visits) of neurologists providing MS patient care. Model projections extended through 2035.

Results:

The capacity for MS patient visits among the overall neurologist workforce is projected to increase by approximately 1% by 2025 and by 12% by 2035. However, the number of individuals with MS may increase at a greater rate, potentially resulting in decreased access to timely and high-quality care for this patient population. Shortages in the MS neurologist workforce may be particularly acute in small cities and rural areas. Based on model sensitivity analyses, potential strategies to substantially increase the capacity for MS physicians include increasing the number of patients with MS seen per neurologist, offering incentives to decrease neurologist retirement rates, and increasing the number of MS fellowship program positions.

Conclusions:

The neurologist workforce may be adequate for providing MS care currently, but shortages are projected over the next 2 decades. To help ensure access to needed care and support optimal outcomes among individuals with MS, policies and strategies to enhance the MS neurologist workforce must be explored now.
Influência do exame médico-legal na responsabilização do autor da violência sexual contra adolescentes
Authors: Drezett Jefferson , Junqueira Lia , Tardelli Roberto , Antonio Irene Pires , Macedo Jr Hugo , Vertamatti Maria Auxiliadora F. , Pimentel Renata Martins , Abreu Luiz Carlos de
Published: March 2017

OBJETIVO: avaliar a influência do exame médico-legal na responsabilização criminal de acusados de violência sexual contra adolescentes do sexo feminino. MÉTODO: foram analisados retrospectivamente 137 processos judiciais de estupro contra adolescentes matriculadas no Centro de Referência da Criança e do Adolescente entre janeiro de 1995 e dezembro de 2004. Os laudos do Instituto Médico Legal foram classificados como negativos ou positivos para a materialidade do crime sexual e confrontados com a sentença judicial, condenatória ou não para o acusado. Os dados foram informatizados em Programa EpiInfo e submetidos ao teste de Qui-quadrado para Tabelas de contingência, fixando-se em p < 0,05 o nível de rejeição da hipótese de nulidade. RESULTADOS: em 30 casos (21,9%) o laudo foi concordante com a queixa de estupro. Em 107 casos (78,1%) o exame médico-legal não encontrou evidência material do crime sexual. Entre os exames positivos, 25 acusados (83,3%) foram condenados, enquanto nas perícias negativas ocorreram 68 condenações (63,5%). CONCLUSÕES: o exame médico-legal positivo se associou com maior probabilidade de condenação do acusado da violência sexual. A ausência de elementos comprobatórios materiais não impediu a responsabilização de parte expressiva dos acusados, indicando que outros meios de convencimento são admitidos pela justiça.
Prevalência do aleitamento materno no brasil segundo condições socioeconômicas e demográficas
Authors: Wenzel Daniela , Souza Sônia Buongermino de
Published: March 2017

OBJETIVO: quantificar a frequência do Aleitamento Materno (AM) no Brasil, macro-regiões e áreas urbanas e rurais, segundo variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas. METODO: amostra de 2958 crianças, de zero a um ano de idade, representativas da população brasileira. Os dados são da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares-POF, 2002-2003. Utilizaram-se para análise, com tabelas de contingência, os testes qui-quadrado e de tendência para verificar as relações entre as variáveis com significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: no grupo de crianças com até 180 dias de idade, a frequência da amamentação foi de 58%. Nas regiões, foram 63%, 59%, 51%, 61% e 56%, respectivamente para Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul e Centro-oeste. Na área rural foi de 60% e na urbana 58%. Mães com maior renda e maior escolaridade apresentaram 60% e 65%, respectivamente. No grupo com mais de 180 dias a frequência no Brasil foi de 35%. Nas regiões foram: 44%, 34%, 37%, 34%, 28%, respectivamente para Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul e Centro-oeste. Na área rural foi de 39% e na urbana de 34%. Mães com menor renda e menor escolaridade apresentaram 38% e 40%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: as maiores prevalências foram verificadas nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do País. Os padrões de AM diferiram quanto à faixa etária. No grupo de crianças com até 180 dias, mães com maior renda e escolaridade apresentaram maior frequência da amamentação. Por outro lado, no grupo com mais de 180 dias, a prevalência foi maior entre mães de menor renda e escolaridade.
As especificidades do padrão de apego de meninos: estudo de casos múltiplos
Authors: Schneider Michele Scheffel , Ramires Vera Regina Röhnelt
Published: March 2017

Esta pesquisa buscou identificar indicadores do padrão de apego de meninos em relação a suas figuras parentais, avaliar a existência de especificidade do padrão de apego em relação à mãe e ao pai e descrever as características familiares associadas ao apego seguro/inseguro. O estudo, realizado com três meninos entre 5 e 8 anos, com queixas escolares, foi baseado na teoria do apego e adotou como procedimento os Estudos de Casos Múltiplos. A avaliação dos indicadores do apego foi realizada através do Manchester Child Attachment Story Task - MCAST, procedimento cujas estórias remetem a situações de angústia. A análise do desfecho de cada narrativa apontou indicadores do padrão de apego implicado. Outros procedimentos foram aplicados, com a finalidade de complementar os dados encontrados no MCAST: Escala Global e Escala de Freqüência de Sinais Específicos aplicada ao Desenho da Família, Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) e Entrevistas com os meninos e seus pais. Em dois dos três casos avaliados se levantou a hipótese de especificidade do padrão de apego em relação à mãe e ao pai. A qualidade de cada relação parental foi única e um padrão de apego considerado como predominantemente seguro apresentou indicadores inseguros e vice-versa. As características familiares relacionaram-se a vínculos frágeis, presença de doenças na família, depressão materna e conflitos conjugais, todos relacionados a padrões inseguros de apego. O estudo também identificou uma diversidade das nomenclaturas que definem os principais conceitos do apego, um predomínio de literatura internacional e a necessidade de estudos brasileiros sobre a especificidade do apego.
Desempenho de escolares com dislexia e transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade nos processos de leitura
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Marques de , Cardoso Monique Herrera , Pinheiro Fábio Henrique , Germano Giseli Donadon , Capellini Simone Aparecida
Published: March 2017

Este estudo tem por objetivos caracterizar e comparar o desempenho de escolares com diagnóstico interdisciplinar de dislexia e TDAH com escolares com bom desempenho acadêmico nos processos de leitura. Participaram 60 escolares de ambos os gêneros, de 2ª a 4ª série do ensino fundamental, divididos da seguinte forma: GI, 20 escolares com dislexia; GII, 20 escolares com TDAH, e GIII, 20 escolares com bom desempenho acadêmico, pareados segundo gênero, faixa etária e escolaridade com o GI e o GII. Os escolares foram submetidos à aplicação das provas de Avaliação dos Processos de Leitura - PROLEC, composta pelos processos de identificação de letras, léxico, sintático e semântico. Os resultados evidenciaram que os escolares do GIII apresentaram desempenho superior em relação ao GI e ao GII. Os escolares do GI e do GII apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante apenas nas provas de leitura de palavras não frequentes e leitura de não palavras do processo léxico. A dificuldade apresentada pelo GI e pelo GII nas provas do PROLEC pode ser justificada pela dificuldade de codificação e decodificação de símbolos. Nos escolares com TDAH, essa alteração se deve ao comprometimento da interação entre o processamento visual, linguístico, atencional e auditivo, e nos escolares com dislexia é em decorrência de falha no processo de mediação fonológica, que depende da utilização do conhecimento das regras de conversão grafema-fonema para a construção da leitura da palavra. Essas alterações comprometem a realização da leitura e a compreensão do material lido.
Efeitos da shantala na interação entre mãe e criança com síndrome de down
Authors: Barbosa Karina Crepaldi , Sato Simone Nomie , Alves Elaine Gomes dos Reis , Fonseca Alexandre Luiz Affonso , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Junqueira Virgínia Berlanga Campos , Marques Alessandra , Carvalho Tatiana Dias de , Azzalis Ligia Ajaime
Published: March 2017

O objetivo é verificar os efeitos da Shantala na interação entre mãe e criança com síndrome de Down. Utilizou-se por 60 dias, uma vez por semana, a técnica de massagem Shantala em três crianças com síndrome de Down, da instituição APAE, localizada em Itaquaquecetuba, SP, Brasil. Para a obtenção dos resultados foram aplicados dois questionários, um ao início, para se obter maiores informações sobre as crianças e outro ao final, para se verificar os resultados da técnica utilizada. Foi possível concluir que a Shantala beneficiou as crianças com síndrome de Down, proporcionando uma qualidade de vida melhor. Para as mães, a técnica permitiu uma melhor aceitação da doença e houve melhora no relacionamento entre as mães e as crianças.
A central role for a region in the middle
Authors: Stuttfeld Edward , Imseng Stefan , Maier Timm
Published: March 2017

A domain called the 'Conserved region in the middle' is responsible for target recognition in the TORC2 complex in fission yeast and the mTORC2 complex in mammals.
True’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus) in Macaronesia
Authors: Aguilar de Soto Natacha , Martín Vidal , Silva Monica , Edler Roland , Reyes Cristel , Carrillo Manuel , Schiavi Agustina , Morales Talia , García-Ovide Belen , Sanchez-Mora Anna , Garcia-Tavero Nerea , Steiner Lisa , Scheer Michael , Gockel Roland , Walker Dylan , Villa Enrico , Szlama Petra , Eriksson Ida K. , Tejedor Marisa , Perez-Gil Monica , Quaresma João , Bachara Wojtek , Carroll Emma
Published: March 2017

The True’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus, True 1913) is a poorly known member of the Ziphiidae family. Its distribution in the northern hemisphere is thought to be restricted to the temperate or warm temperate waters of the North Atlantic, while a few stranding records from the southern hemisphere suggest a wider and antitropical distribution, extending to waters from the Atlantic coast of Brazil to South Africa, Mozambique, Australia and the Tasman Sea coast of New Zealand. This paper (i) reports the first molecular confirmation of the occurrence of the True’s beaked whale at the southern limit of its distribution recorded in the northeast Atlantic: the Azores and Canary Islands (macaronesian ecoregion); (ii) describes a new colouration for this species using evidence from a whale with molecular species confirmation; and (iii) contributes to the sparse worldwide database of live sightings, including the first underwater video recording of this species and close images of a calf. Species identification was confirmed in two cases using mitochondrial DNA control region and cytochromebgene markers: a subadult male True’s beaked whale that stranded in El Hierro, Canary Islands, in November 2012, and a subadult male found floating dead near Faial, the Azores, in July 2004. The whale that stranded in the Canary Islands had a clearly delimited white area on its head, extending posteriorly from the tip of the beak to cover the blowhole dorsally and the gular grooves ventrally. This colouration contrasts with previous descriptions for the species and it may be rare, but it exemplifies the variability of the colouration of True’s beaked whales in the North Atlantic, further confirmed here by live sightings data. The recording of several observations of this species in deep but relatively coastal waters off the Azores and the Canary Islands suggests that these archipelagos may be unique locations to study the behaviour of the enigmatic True’s beaked whale.
Numbers, Names, Trails, and Tradition
Authors: Whitaker Jarrod
Published: March 2017

This paper examines the meaning and significance of the numerical phrase tríḥ saptá and its compounded form triṣaptá in the R̥gveda and Atharvaveda in order to understand its use in the opening hymn of the Śaunakīya Saṃhitā (AVŚ.1.1.1– 4). It argues that by invoking Vācaspati and the “Thrice Seven” (triṣaptā́ḥ) the hymn’s composer makes a complex poetic and mythological statement about the cosmological importance of his ritual tradition, its founding fathers, and the powerful nature of ritual speech and knowledge, a message that the redactors of the Śaunakīya Saṃhitā wished to foreground by opening their text with this hymn.
Mandaic Magic Scroll Zarazta ḏ-Hibil Ziua
Authors: Notarius Tania
Published: March 2017

This paper deals with different textual versions of the important Mandaic magic scroll called Zarazta ḏ-Hibil Ziua. There are around thirteen manuscripts in different Western collections that attest to the text of this talisman. These manuscripts reveal great diversity. The general textual scope and literary structure of each manuscript are investigated. This allows an initial grouping of the texts into several text-types. The textual groupings are evaluated in light of various sorts of meta-textual data: the headings of the manuscripts, editorial comments, and colophons. As a result, a working hypothesis about the possible relationship among different texts-types and the possible literary evolution of the work is suggested.
Crucifixion and Death as Spectacle: Umayyad Crucifixion in Its Late Antique Context. By Sean W. Anthony
Authors: Judd Steven C.
Published: March 2017

Crucifixion and Death as Spectacle: Umayyad Crucifixion in Its Late Antique Context. By Sean W. Anthony. American Oriental Series, vol. 96. New Haven: American Oriental Society, 2014. Pp. x + 99. $39.50.
Great Seljuk Empire. By A. C. S. Peacock
Authors: Leiser Gary
Published: March 2017

The Great Seljuk Empire. By A. C. S. Peacock. The Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015. Pp. xiii + 378. $135, £90 (cloth); $43.50, £29.99 (paper).
Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition. By David M. Knipe
Authors: Gerety Finnian M. M.
Published: March 2017

Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition. By David M. Knipe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. xxii + 340, illus. $35 (paper).
Sumerian Poem Enmerkar and En-suḫkeš-ana: Epic, Play, Or? Stage Craft at the Turn from the Third to the Second Millennium B.C. By Claus Wilcke
Authors: Kleinerman Alexandra
Published: March 2017

The Sumerian Poem Enmerkar and En-suḫkeš-ana: Epic, Play, Or? Stage Craft at the Turn from the Third to the Second Millennium B.C. By Claus Wilcke. American Oriental Series, Essay 12. New Haven: American Oriental Society, 2012. Pp. ix + 117. $58 (paper).
Education in Early 2nd Millennium BC Babylonia. By Alexandra KleIinrman
Authors: Karahashi Fumi
Published: March 2017

Education in Early 2nd Millennium BC Babylonia. By Alexandra Kleinerman. Cuneiform Monographs, vol. 42. Leiden: Brill, 2011. Pp. xxv + 365. $176.
A política regional brasileira em (na) crise: análise dos instrumentos explícitos
Authors: Portugal Rodrigo , Silva Sergio Felipe Melo da , Mourão Kleber Antonio da Costa , Ramos Rafael De Almeida
Published: March 2017

O objetivo do artigo é saber como os três instrumentos explícitos da Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional (PNDR) – Fundos Constitucionais de Financiamento, Fundos de Desenvolvimento Regional e Incentivos Fiscais – se comportam em momentos de crise econômica, como a que eclodiu em 2008. A hipótese é que os instrumentos foram afetados no período de 2008 a 2013. Porém, notou-se que os recursos disponibilizados para a PNDR foram pouco afetados devido: a) à financeirização dos fundos constitucionais, que deu sustentabilidade financeira a eles; b) ao caráter orçamentário dos fundos de desenvolvimento; c) às peculiaridades das economias regionais e; d) às mudanças normativas nos incentivos fiscais. Ademais, percebe-se o caráter de instrumento de política econômica que pode ser dado aos fundos e incentivos fiscais em situações de crise. No entanto, os problemas na política são outros, como a concorrência entre os dois fundos, a articulação entre seus objetivos, o público alvo dos financiamentos, os imbróglios na elaboração da PNDR II e a crise nas políticas de desenvolvimento regional desde os anos 1980.Código JEL | R58; H77; O21.
O Programa Bolsa Família e os povos indígenas da Amazônia: inserção social precarizada?
Authors: Franzini Joelma Ferreira , De Paula Elder Andrade
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar, no contexto amazônico, o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF), junto aos povos indígenas do Acre. Procuramos indagar se as ações dessa política estão pautadas em um tipo de inserção social precarizada e assistencialista. Nessa perspectiva, consideramos as consequências dos deslocamentos atípicos desses povos para os núcleos urbanos para sacar os seus benefícios. A análise está referenciada nos dados de uma pesquisa para fins de Mestrado, concluído em 2016. Trata-se de um estudo baseado no método histórico-dialético. Como procedimentos metodológicos, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica, o exame de fontes documentais, observação e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Priorizamos uma análise qualitativa. Nas conclusões mostramos que as repercussões dessa política tende a erodir a territorialidade desses povos, fomentando uma inserção precarizada, seja em seus próprios territórios e ou nas periferias urbanas.Código JEL | I38; O18; R13.
Avaliação do desenvolvimento educacional dos municípios da região Norte do Brasil
Authors: Lobão Mário Sérgio Pedroza , Silva Rubicleis Gomes da
Published: March 2017

Este artigo analisa o perfil educacional dos municípios do Norte brasileiro nos anos de 2000/2010 e os seus respectivos níveis de desenvolvimento educacional. Para isto, tratou de: a) desenvolver um índice educacional para os municípios da região Norte; b) verificar a dinâmica do índice desenvolvido nos anos de 2000 e 2010 e; c) identificar agrupamentos de municípios com características similares de educação. Como recursos metodológicos foram utilizados a análise fatorial e a análise de cluster, a partir de um conjunto de 11 indicadores. Os resultados evidenciaram que 263 dos 449 municípios da região estão com índices de desenvolvimento educacional abaixo da média em 2010. E apenas 184 municípios tiveram aumento do IDEM significativo de 2000 para 2010 – 40,98% do total. Ocorreu uma maior homogeneização no grau de desenvolvimento educacional dos municípios no decorrer de 2000 para 2010, a partir da formação dos clusters, e as pessoas sem alfabetização foram as que mais impactaram negativamente o desenvolvimento educacional dos municípios da região Norte do Brasil.Código JEL | I21; O15; O18.
A valorização dos produtos tradicionais através da indicação geográfica: o potencial do aratu de Santa Luzia do Itanhy
Authors: Brandão Bárbara De Oliveira , Dos Santos João Antonio Belmino
Published: March 2017

O aratu é um pequeno crustáceo de cor avermelhada que vive em manguezais e está incorporado à gastronomia do nordeste brasileiro. Este trabalho tem por objetivo levantar informações que possam demonstrar o potencial do aratu como produto tradicional de Santa Luzia do Itanhy para o registro de indicação geográfica. No Brasil, a indicação geográfica é regulamentada através da Lei número 9279/1996. É um dos poucos instrumentos jurídicos do país capaz de proteger saberes tradicionais, agregar valor aos produtos advindos deste conhecimento e contribuir para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável. A pesquisa de campo concentrou-se na pesca do aratu, protagonizada por sucessivas gerações de mulheres do povoado Rua da Palha, situado na zona rural de Santa Luzia do Itanhy, através de conhecimentos e práticas tradicionais. Embora tenham sido reveladas características que apontem a potencialidade do aratu para o registro de indicação geográfica, também se identificaram dificuldades para que esta possibilidade se viabilize, dificuldades que só poderão ser superadas através de suporte governamental.Código JEL | O18; Q22; R11.
Identificação do processo de endividamento familiar em Santa Rosa-RS
Authors: Malheiros Marco Antonio da Costa , Höfler Claudio Edilberto , Schlender Sergio Guilherme , Dos Santos Lidiéli Neves , Warmbier Bruna Gabriela
Published: March 2017

Num contexto de consumo excessivo e de crise econômica, consumidores têm comprometido uma parcela significativa de suas rendas familiares, incorrendo em desequilíbrios no orçamento e, consequentemente, em aumento no endividamento. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os elementos influenciadores do processo de endividamento familiar no município de Santa Rosa, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, realizou-se análise do perfil amostral e análise fatorial, bem como teste T e ANOVA para verificar o impacto desses elementos na contração de dívidas, em 182 famílias daquele município, durante os meses de novembro de 2015 a março de 2016. Como resultado, a análise fatorial permitiu identificar os principais construtos com boa adequação e extração. Baseado nesses fatores notam-se diferenças significativas no perfil amostral e na forma como as famílias são influenciadas quando possuem dívidas a vencer e vencidas.Código JEL | D14; O18; R15.
Identification of primary and secondary UBA footprints on the surface of ubiquitin in cell‐mimicking crowded solution
Authors: Munari Francesca , Bortot Andrea , Zanzoni Serena , D'Onofrio Mariapina , Fushman David , Assfalg Michael
Published: March 2017

Despite significant advancements in our understanding of ubiquitin‐mediated signaling, the influence of the intracellular environment on the formation of transient ubiquitin‐partner complexes remains poorly explored. In our work, we introduce macromolecular crowding as a first level of complexity toward the imitation of a cellular environment in the study of such interactions. Using NMR spectroscopy, we find that the stereospecific complex of ubiquitin and the ubiquitin‐associated domain (UBA) is minimally perturbed by the crowding agent Ficoll. However, in addition to the primary canonical recognition patch on ubiquitin, secondary patches are identified, indicating that in cell‐mimicking crowded solution, UBA contacts ubiquitin at multiple sites.
Comment on “Most computational hydrology is not reproducible, so is it really science?” by Christopher Hutton et al.
Authors: Melsen Lieke A. , Torfs Paul J. J. F. , Uijlenhoet Remko , Teuling Adriaan J.
Published: March 2017

We discuss two definitions of reproducibility, and question if both definitions are required to be met in computational hydrological studies.
Devitalized Stem Cell Microsheets for Sustainable Release of Osteogenic and Vasculogenic Growth Factors and Regulation of Anti‐Inflammatory Immune Response
Authors: Moeinzadeh Seyedsina , Shariati Seyed Ramin Pajoum , Kader Safaa , Melero‐Martin Juan M. , Jabbari Esmaiel
Published: March 2017

The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of devitalized human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFCs) seeded on mineralized nanofiber microsheets on protein release, osteogenesis, vasculogenesis, and macrophage polarization. Calcium phosphate nanocrystals are grown on the surface of aligned, functionalized nanofiber microsheets. The microsheets are seeded with hMSCs, ECFCs, or a mixture of hMSCs + ECFCs, cultured for cell attachment, differentiated to the osteogenic or vasculogenic lineage, and devitalized by lyophilization. The release kinetic of total protein, bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the devitalized microsheets is measured. Next, hMSCs and/or ECFCs are seeded on the devitalized cell microsheets and cultured in the absence of osteo‐/vasculoinductive factors to determine the effect of devitalized cell microsheets on hMSC/ECFC differentiation. Human macrophages are seeded on the microsheets to determine the effect of devitalized cells on macrophage polarization. Based on the results, devitalized undifferentiated hMSC and vasculogenic‐differentiated ECFC microsheets have highest sustained release of BMP2 and VEGF, respectively. The devitalized hMSC microsheets do not affect M2 macrophage polarization while vascular‐differentiated, devitalized ECFC microsheets do not affect M1 polarization. Both groups stimulate higher M2 macrophage polarization compared to M1.