bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Reproductive attitudes: Gender aspect
Authors: Kamarova T.A. , Tonkikh N.V. , Markova T.L.
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Typology of temperaments "Priority": Sustainable development of the organization due to the increase in the personnel work efficiency
Authors: Kosyakov Alexander , Ishkov Alexander
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Methods of formation of business processes of construction enterprises based on the concept of sustainable development
Authors: Geraskin Yuri , Nezametdinov Ilgiz , Bogdanov Daniil , Fateeva Irina
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
Flue Dust Behaviour in FSF - Arsenic Condensation in Offgas Line Conditions
Authors: Taskinen P. , Wan X. , Sukhomlinov D.
Published: July 2024

The suspension smelting oxidation step has favourable conditions to generate chemical flue dust from the low-boiling elements of the feed mixture due to the high particle temperatures in the reaction shaft where combusting sulphide mineral particles reach temperatures above the melting point of magnetite. Arsenic, antimony, lead, and zinc are common impurity elements of high volatility in copper concentrates. They tend to accumulate in the flue dust due to the high volatility and closed mode of the flue dust circulation practiced in most industrial smelting-converting processes. Then, the only outlets for the volatile impurities are the anodes and the discard slag. A separate flue dust treatment for impurity removal is an option but it creates an additional step for the smelting plant and cost in the processing. When the concentrate grades decrease, and their impurity levels rise this outlet for the trace elements may become necessary. The arsenic condensation mechanisms in dust-free conditions in the copper flash smelting process gas train have been recently studied in SO2-air-N2 gas mixtures. It seems that the formation mechanism of arsenic-containing dust deposits is kinetically constrained, and their chemistries are influenced by the condensation temperature and atmosphere.
Integrated Experimental Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamic Modelling Research and Implementation in support of progress of process pyrometallurgy towards sustainability
Authors: Jak Evgueni , Nekhoroshev Evgenii , Chen Jiang , Shishin Denis , Shevchenko Maksym , Sineva Svetlana , Hayes Peter
Published: July 2024

Responding to the many sustainability challenges facing the metallurgical industry, we report progress that has been made on the development of predictive tools that can be applied to a wide range of technologies. The aim is to provide accurate, fundamentally-based thermodynamic tools that can be used by industry to improve process efficiencies, metal recoveries and productivities, and reduce energy requirements of pyrometallurgical systems. The program involves an integrated experimental and thermodynamic modelling research on phase equilibria in complex multi-component, multi-phase gas-slag-matte-speiss-metal-solids system with the Cu2O-PbO-ZnO-FeO-Fe2O3-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2-S major and As-Sn-Sb-Bi-Ag-Au-Ni-Co-Cr-Na minor elements. The experiments involve high temperature equilibration in controlled gas atmospheres, rapid quenching and direct measurement of equilibrium phase compositions with quantitative microanalytical techniques, including electron probe X-ray microanalysis and Laser Ablation ICP-MS. The thermodynamic modelling is undertaken using FactSage software package with advanced thermodynamic solution models. The continuing development of analytical and research methodologies has resulted in significant advances in predictive capability. Implementation of the results of fundamental studies involves ongoing collaboration of researchers and industry technologists, and the provision of advanced professional training. An overview of recent progress in research, implementation and applications in industrial practice will be presented in the paper.
Experimental Study of Silicon Refining by Slag Treatment: Distribution of Boron and Phosphorus
Authors: Avarmaa Katri , Putera Andreas , Chen Jiang , Brooks Geoffrey , Somerville Michael , Rhamdhani Akbar
Published: July 2024

Current production of metallurgical-grade Si relies on an energy-intensive process based on complex solid-liquid-gas reactions in an electric submerged arc furnace using graphite electrodes. This is followed by a slow Siemens process to grow ultra-high purity solar-grade silicon. Due to increasing decarbonization and environmental pressures that the metal industry is facing, new sustainable process technologies are required. This study is part of a broader investigation on pyrometallurgical electrorefining of silicon in the presence of slag and provides the basis for impurity behaviour in Si-slag system without an imposed electromotive force. For the first time, experimental technique of drop-quenching followed by direct phase analysis techniques of electron microprobe analyzer (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) were employed in silicon processing environment. The experiments were carried out to define the distribution coefficients of minor elements (B, P) between Si and SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 at silica and alumina crucibles under inert Ar gas at 1500 °C. The results presented are highly novel and show the influence of slag composition and process conditions on the element properties. The experimental results were compared to the computational simulation results by FactSage© using its FToxid and FSupsi databases. The results can be utilized to design Si–slag process for primary ore resources and for secondary silicon-rich scraps in pyrometallurgical smelting environment, as well as to potentially improve the thermochemical databases of computational simulation programs.
Texture Evolution of Bainitic Steels Processed from Nickel Lateritic Ores: A Neutron-Diffraction Investigation
Authors: Pramono Andika W. , Priyanto Tri Hardi , Citrawati Fatayalkadri , Mabruri Efendi , Hasbi M. Yunan , Insani Andon
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the texture evolution of bainitic steel samples processed from lateritic nickel ores with varying heat treatment times. The samples were austenitized, air-cooled, and subjected to bainitic heat treatment at 532°C for 15 and 30 minutes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the sample treated at 532°C for 15 minutes, developed bainitic plates within the austenitic matrix due to the relatively rapid air cooling. Conversely, the sample, heat-treated at 532°C for 30 minutes, exhibited a combination of bainitic and pearlitic microstructures. Neutron diffraction analysis using software showed moderate-to-weak textures in both samples, indicating dislocation polygonization resulting from prolonged heat treatment. The results suggest that further research is needed to investigate the texture evolution of bainitic steels from nickel lateritic ores after plastic deformation. This work contributes to understanding the microstructural characteristics of bainitic steel derived from nickel lateritic ores, which may have significant implications for the production and application of these steels in the future.
Influence of fly ash on rheological behaviour of HVFA concrete
Authors: Muthusami Yogasree , Phani Soumika Kuchi , Pandiyarajan  , Sivakumar N. , Mahalingam B.
Published: July 2024

High-volume fly Ash (HVFA) concrete has gained significant attention recently due to its potential for reducing environmental impact and improving long-term durability. This project investigates HVFA’s influence on concrete rheology, aiming to explore its applicability in sustainable construction. HVFA concrete mixes M1 (30% fly ash), M2 (40% fly ash), and M3 (50% fly ash) were prepared, varying fly ash percentages as a partial cement replacement. Fresh concrete tests, including slump cone and flow table tests, assessed workability and flow characteristics. Hardened samples underwent compressive and split tensile strength tests to evaluate mechanical properties. Results provided insights into HVFA concrete rheology, focusing on workability, flowability, and mechanical performance. Additionally, the study explores potential environmental benefits and challenges linked to HVFA concrete. These findings aid in advancing sustainable concrete technologies, offering crucial insights for engineers, architects, and policymakers seeking innovative, eco-friendly construction materials and practices while addressing environmental challenges related to HVFA concrete.
Design of toll-plaza: A case study of Bengaluru-Chennai highway
Authors: Kavin Malar K. , Gogula Chezhiyan N. , Laleeth Kumar D. , Selvakumar M.
Published: July 2024

This study aims to calculate the number of bays needed in the design year 2037 for a toll plaza on the Bengaluru – Chennai Highway (National Highway No. 48). Data on the classified traffic volume count was gathered from the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) office and relates to the “Nemili toll plaza” on the Bengaluru – Chennai Highway (NH-48). Average daily traffic is calculated using the tollable traffic data that has been gathered as a base. A suitable seasonal correction factor was assumed in order to estimate the annual average daily traffic. Using growth elasticity values derived from the Annual Average Growth Rates (AAGR) of Population, Per-Capita Income, and Net State Domestic Product of the influencing states collected from credible sources and state influencing factors, traffic in the horizon year (2037) was estimated. The necessary number of Electronic Toll Collection (FASTag) bays at the Nemili toll plaza was determined in accordance with Indian Road Congress standards based on the traffic flow forecast for the upcoming year.
Identifying the optimal workload combination for maximizing oxygen consumption estimation in submaximal tests
Authors: Gentilin Alessandro
Published: July 2024

For decades, indirect submaximal tests using heart rate (HR) to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) have been used for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness without pushing individuals to their limits. However, the optimal combination of submaximal workloads to use for maximizing estimation performance remains unclear. The study reprocessed data from 18 adolescent athletes undergoing a cycle ergometer incremental test with step-wise increments of 15 Watt/min until volitional exhaustion, sourced from a publicly available dataset. Multiple HR-derived metrics were computed over six distinct combinations of increasing workloads (50, 65, 80, 95, 110, 125 Watt). Principal component analysis was employed for dimensionality reduction. The top-performing regression model was chosen after training and validating various regression models, including machine learning-based ones. The HR data recorded at a single workload of 50 Watt was already adequate for estimating group VO2max, exhibiting similar scores (p = 0.80) to actual group values. Utilizing three consecutive workloads (50, 65, and 80 Watt) provided the most accurate individual VO2max prediction, revealing the highest correlation coefficient (0.71) along with the smallest bias (0.019 L/O2) and standard deviation (0.39 L/O2) across all six combinations. The project identifies optimal workloads for constructing new submaximal VO2max estimation tests. Additionally, it introduces new models for estimating VO2max for adolescents, each with varying performance based on the number of workloads utilized.
A Lambda Layer-Based Convolutional Sequence Embedding Model for Click-Through Rate Prediction
Authors: ZHOU Liliang , YUAN Shili , FENG Zijian , DAI Guilan , ZHOU Guofu
Published: July 2024

In the era of intelligent economy, the click-through rate (CTR) prediction system can evaluate massive service information based on user historical information, and screen out the products that are most likely to be favored by users, thus realizing customized push of information and achieve the ultimate goal of improving economic benefits. Sequence modeling is one of the main research directions of CTR prediction models based on deep learning. The user's general interest hidden in the entire click history and the short-term interest hidden in the recent click behaviors have different influences on the CTR prediction results, which are highly important. In terms of capturing the user's general interest, existing models paid more attention to the relationships between item embedding vectors (point-level), while ignoring the relationships between elements in item embedding vectors (union-level). The Lambda layer-based Convolutional Sequence Embedding (LCSE) model proposed in this paper uses the Lambda layer to capture features from click history through weight distribution, and uses horizontal and vertical filters on this basis to learn the user's general preferences from union-level and point-level. In addition, we also incorporate the user's short-term preferences captured by the embedding-based convolutional model to further improve the prediction results. The AUC (Area Under Curve) values of the LCSE model on the datasets Electronic, Movie & TV and MovieLens are 0.870 7, 0.903 6 and 0.946 7, improving 0.45%, 0.36% and 0.07% over the Caser model, proving the effectiveness of our proposed model.
Perturbation to Symmetries and Adiabatic Invariants for Generalized Birkhoffian Systems on Time Scales
Authors: HOU Shuang , SONG Chuanjing
Published: July 2024

Time scale is a new and powerful tool for dealing with complex dynamics problems. The main result of this study is the exact invariants and adiabatic invariants of the generalized Birkhoffian system and the constrained Birkhoffian system on time scales. Firstly, we establish the differential equations of motion for the above two systems and give the corresponding Noether symmetries and exact invariants. Then, the perturbation to the Noether symmetries and the adiabatic invariants for the systems mentioned above under the action of slight disturbance are investigated, respectively. Finally, two examples are provided to show the practicality of the findings.
Local Prophylactic Teicoplanin Effect on Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Comparative Retrospective Study
Authors: Elmadağ Nuh Mehmet , Kara Deniz , Pulatkan Anil , Uçan Vahdet , Cesme Dilek Hacer , Aliyev Orkhan , Doğu Hüseyin , Demirel Nail , Abdallah Anas
Published: July 2024

Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most severe complications of spinal fusion surgery that lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Prophylactic antibiotic usage is one of the methods that reduce the possibility of SSI in this procedure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of local subfascial teicoplanin usage on radiologic and functional outcomes and compare it to the effect of vancomycin on surgical outcomes in patients who underwent decompression with posterior instrumentation (DPI) for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Methods Medical charts of patients with LSS who received DPI and met the study criteria were divided into three groups: the teicoplanin group included patients who underwent DPI with local teicoplanin before closure, the vancomycin group included patients who underwent DPI with local vancomycin, and the control group included patients who underwent DPI without any local prophylactic antibiotics.

Results A total of 101 patients were included in the study. No significant differences were found among groups regarding demographics, follow-up, and clinical and functional outcomes. No significant differences were observed among groups regarding postoperative improvements in SF-36-MCS, SF-36-PCS, Oswestry Disability Index, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS; p > 0.05). In the teicoplanin and vancomycin groups, the SSI rate was lower than that in the control group (2/35, 1/34, and 5/32, respectively, p = 0.136) without statistical significance; however, the postoperative fusion volume was significantly higher in the teicoplanin group when compared to the other groups (3.35 ± 1.08, 2.68 ± 1.17, and 2.65 ± 1.28 cm3, respectively, p = 0.007).

Conclusions Although its cost is relatively higher, teicoplanin was a good alternative to vancomycin in preventing SSIs with a higher fusion rate, but no superiority was observed regarding other outcomes.
Osteopathie und evidenzbasierte Medizin, Teil 3: Bedeutung der EBM
für die Osteopathie
Authors: Luthin Dirk
Published: July 2024

Teil 3 der Beitragsreihe zur evidenzbasierten Medizin (EBM) befasst sich mit der
Frage der Übertragbarkeit und Anwendbarkeit der EBM auf die Osteopathie. Hierzu
werden die Ideen der EBM Working Group mit den Ideen Stills verglichen, die
derzeitige Osteopathie kritisch bewertet und schließlich einige Gedanken für
eine Ausrichtung der Osteopathie der Zukunft formuliert.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of Ionic Liquids Derived from Natural Products
Authors: Ranjbar-Karimi Reza , Marra Alberto , Khorasani Fereshteh
Published: July 2024

Ionic liquids, nonvolatile salts featuring a melting point below 100 °C, are one of the few alternative solvents for environmentally friendly processes. However, like most molecular solvents, they are usually prepared by means of building blocks derived from fossil oil. Fortunately, an increasing number of ionic liquids are synthesized starting from renewable natural products such as sugars and amino acids. In the present review, we describe the detailed synthesis and applications of the biosourced ionic liquids reported in the literature over the last four years.

1 Introduction

2 Carbohydrate-Based Ionic Liquids

3 Amino Acid Based Ionic Liquids

4 Terpene-Based Ionic Liquids

5 Miscellaneous Ionic Liquids

6 Conclusion
Clearing the Skepticism about Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Is It Beneficial to Treat Patients with Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone >4.5 and <10 mIU/L?
Authors: Bushra Hafsa , Rashid Murtaza
Published: July 2024

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a heterogeneous clinical condition ranging from asymptomatic to wide variety of clinical manifestations, which are often nonspecific. Being a common laboratory finding, clinicians often face the dilemma of whether to treat or not. Threshold of 10 mIU/L of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is often used as a cutoff limit to offer treatment. However, still, debate remains on whether to treat less than 10 mIU/L considering special clinical conditions like pregnancy. Whether SCH exists, is screening needed in asymptomatic individuals, is treating asymptomatic cases beneficial or harmful and what threshold level of TSH to be considered for treatment are all potential questions that need to be answered.
Evaluation of Applicability of Tumor Budding and Poorly Differentiated Clusters as Additional Prognostic Markers in Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Sarkar Sagarika , Guha Rena , Chakrabarti Sudipta
Published: July 2024

Purpose Very few studies have assessed tumor budding (TB) and poorly differentiated cell clusters (PDCs) simultaneously in colorectal cancers (CRCs). The goal of this study was to establish a correlation between these two pertinent histological features and to reinforce the importance of their incorporation in routine histopathological reporting of CRC cases as a means to predict clinical outcome.

Methods Resection specimens of colorectal carcinoma were included in the study. Patients who received presurgical therapy, or refused consent were excluded. PDC and TB were evaluated in routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained histopathological sections taken from the advancing edge of the tumor. TB and PDC were reported by selecting a “hotspot” chosen after review of all available slides with invasive tumor. It was then followed by their correlation with other known prognostic factors.

Results Spearman's rho calculator for strength of association between TB and PDC as well as association of TB and PDC individually with known prognostic factors revealed statistical significance. Correlation of TB and PDC with histologic grade, primary tumor (pT), and regional lymph node (pN) stage was done based on one-way analysis of variance calculator, which yielded statistically significant results.

Conclusion Evaluation of these two histological parameters in the same hotspot field at the tumor invasive front plays a fundamental role in the definition of cancer aggressiveness and prediction of tumor behavior.
Improving predictive accuracy for photovoltaics
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: July 2024

Study debuts new modeling technique to explore spatiotemporal features at multiple sites
3D reconstruction of an inertial-confinement fusion implosion with neural networks using multiple heterogeneous data sources
Authors: Kunimune J. H. , Casey D. T. , Kustowski B. , Geppert-Kleinrath V. , Divol L. , Fittinghoff D. N. , Volegov P. L. , Kruse M. K. G. , Gaffney J. A. , Nora R. C. , Frenje J. A.
Published: July 2024

3D asymmetries are major degradation mechanisms in inertial-confinement fusion implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These asymmetries can be diagnosed and reconstructed with the neutron imaging system (NIS) on three lines of sight around the NIF target chamber. Conventional tomographic reconstructions are used to reconstruct the 3D morphology of the implosion using NIS [Volegov et al., J. Appl. Phys. 127, 083301 (2020)], but the problem is ill-posed with only three imaging lines of sight. Asymmetries can also be diagnosed with the real-time neutron activation diagnostics (RTNAD) and the neutron time-of-flight (nToF) suite. Since the NIS, RTNAD, and nToF each sample a different part of the implosion using different physical principles, we propose that it is possible to overcome the limitations of too few imaging lines of sight by performing 3D reconstructions that combine information from all three heterogeneous data sources. This work presents a new machine learning-based reconstruction technique to do just this. By using a simple physics model and group of neural networks to map 3D morphologies to data, this technique can easily account for data of multiple different types. A simple proof-of-principle is presented, demonstrating that this technique can accurately reconstruct a hot-spot shape using synthetic primary neutron images and a hot-spot velocity vector. In particular, the hot-spot’s asymmetry, quantified as spherical harmonic coefficients, is reconstructed to within ±4% of the radius in 90% of test cases. In the future, this technique will be applied to actual NIS, RTNAD, and nToF data to better understand 3D asymmetries at the NIF.
Direct measurement of the 2D axisymmetric ionization source rate in a helicon plasma for wakefield particle accelerator applications
Authors: Zepp M. , Granetzny M. , Schmitz O.
Published: July 2024

A direct measurement of the particle balance and derivation of the underlying particle source rate distribution in a helicon plasma developed for wakefield particle accelerators is presented. Parallel and radial ion fluxes are measured using laser induced fluorescence on single ionized argon. We find that the radial contribution to the source rate is an order of magnitude larger than the axial contribution. We also find that the axial source rate profile closely matches the radial density gradient axial profile, thus indicating the importance of the radial density profile for the particle balance. Notably, the peak ion source rate is located off-axis, about halfway between the axis and the vacuum wall on both sides of the axial center.
Freak wave generation modulated by high wind and linear shear flow in finite water depth
Authors: Li Shaofeng , Xie Xiaohui , Chen Dake , Song Jinbao
Published: July 2024

In finite water depths, the effects of high winds and linear shear flow (LSF), encompassing both uniform flow and constant vorticity shear flow on freak wave generation are explored. A nonlinear Schrödinger equation, adjusted for high wind and LSF conditions, is derived using potential flow theory and the multiscale method. This equation accounts for the modulational instability (MI) of water waves and the evolution of freak wave amplitudes. MI analysis reveals that for waves to maintain MI, high tail winds (moving in the same direction as the wave) require less vorticity and deeper water, while adverse winds (moving in the opposite direction) necessitate more vorticity and shallower water depths compared to conditions without wind. Uniform up-flows (down-flows), positive (negative) vorticity, and high tail (adverse) winds, which inhibit (promote) wave propagation, increase (decrease) the MI growth rate and amplify (diminish) freak wave heights. It is through this MI that the generation of freak waves is either promoted or inhibited.
On the radial interface profile of the non-circular hydraulic jump
Authors: Zhang Hongzhou , Huang Yong , Yuan Weiwei , Wang Donghui
Published: July 2024

The radial interface profile of the non-circular hydraulic jump is analyzed based on the time-averaged film thickness profile of the liquid film formed by a round jet obliquely impinging on a horizontal plate. The influence of many factors, including the jet velocity, impingement angle, azimuthal angle, liquid viscosity, and surface tension, on the radial interface profile is considered. The interface profile is like a quasi-spherical crown when the azimuthal angle is small but is like a sewing needle when the azimuthal angle is larger than 100°. Six parameters, including the inner and outer tangential angles, width, maximum thickness, radial position of maximum thickness, and area are defined to describe the interface profile. Then, six empirical equations are developed to fit the variation of the six parameters. As the azimuthal angle increases, the inner tangential angle decreases, but the outer tangential angle increases. As the jet velocity increases to 20.3 m/s, both the maximum thickness and the area increase suddenly. All empirical equations have a prediction accuracy of about 10%, except for the empirical equation of the radial position of maximum thickness. The bubble trajectory indicates that the liquid flows radially in the thin-layer zone, deflects the flow direction within a relatively short distance in the inner half of the non-circular hydraulic jump, and then flows tangentially. The normal bulk velocity in the radial section of the non-circular hydraulic jump increases from zero at first and then decreases as the azimuthal angle increases.
Deposition patterns formed by the evaporation of linear diblock copolymer solution nanodroplets on solid surfaces
Authors: Pei Han-Wen , Zhang Jun , Sun Zhao-Yan
Published: July 2024

The evaporation-induced deposition pattern of the linear diblock copolymer solution has attracted attention in recent years. Given its critical applications, we study deposition patterns of the linear diblock copolymer solution nanodroplet on a solid surface (the wall) by molecular dynamics simulations. This study focuses on the influence of the nonbonded interaction strength, including the interaction between the wall and polymer blocks (ɛAW and ɛBW), the interaction between the solvent and the wall (ɛSW), and the interaction between polymer blocks (ɛAB). Conditions leading to diverse deposition patterns are explored, including the coffee-ring and the volcano-like structures. The formation of the coffee-ring structure is attributed to receding interfaces, the heterogeneity inside the droplet, and the self-assembly of polymer chains. This study contributes to the establishment of guidelines for designing deposition patterns of the linear diblock copolymer solution nanodroplet, which facilitates practical applications such as inkjet printing.
Analytical model and flow velocity control of electrohydrodynamics system with multi-needle corona discharge
Authors: Han Jin-Liang , Shao Jing-Zhen , Lin Ying , Shen Qi-Hui , Ren Jia-Cheng , Liang Xu
Published: July 2024

For the flow field distribution and control mechanism generated by the electrohydrodynamics (EHD) system with multi-needle corona discharge, this paper takes the multi-needle EHD pump as the research object, establishes different types of physical models through regional division, constructs multi-physical field coupling relationship, and derives a simplified EHD flow velocity equation suitable for the EHD system with multi-needle corona discharge. Combined with the intelligent optimization method of population evolution, a novel and effective intelligent algorithm is designed for the numerical analysis of the velocity profile distribution of a multi-needle EHD pump, and the flow velocity control law of the multi-needle EHD pump is analyzed by quantitative calculation. The validity of the model and analysis is verified by the electric field and flow field simulation of the multi-needle EHD pump system. The calculation results show that the voltage parameter is more dominant than the electrode spacing parameter in the steady-state flow velocity control of the multi-needle EHD pump, and both the maximum flow velocity and the average flow velocity are superlinearly controlled by voltage. In the design of multi-needle EHD pump with an electrode spacing of 1 cm, the simulation results show that the maximum gas flow velocity of 0.82 m/s can be obtained by providing 5000 V voltage, which verifies the design of a miniaturized multi-needle EHD pump and its feasibility in gas lasers and other application scenarios.
Numerical simulation study on propagation mechanism of fractures in tight oil vertical wells with multi-stage temporary plugging at the fracture mouth
Authors: Tao Zhiheng , Liu Xiongfei , Zhang Kaixuan , Zhu Haiyan , Wang Daobing , Zhou Fujian , Yu Bo
Published: July 2024

The multi-stage temporary plugging and diverting fracturing technique stands as a pivotal method for enhancing production in tight oil reservoirs. At present, fracture propagation models in temporary plugging and diverting fracturing primarily focus on single-stage temporary plugging, disregarding intricate mechanisms influenced by multi-stage temporary plugging and inter-fracture interference on the redirection and propagation of artificial fractures. To address this gap, this study employs the extended finite element method and establishes a mechanical model for the propagation of multi-stage temporary plugging fractures in tight oil reservoirs based on the maximum circumferential stress criterion. Relevant numerical simulations are conducted, considering key factors such as horizontal stress differences, fracturing fluid viscosity, injection rate, and initial fracture angle, all of which influence the morphology of diversion fracture propagation. The study rigorously analyzes and compares characteristics such as the radius of diversion fractures, diversion angle, and fracture width profile corresponding to different numbers of temporary plugging stages. Numerical simulations reveal that the primary controlling factor influencing the extension of fractures is the horizontal stress difference. A smaller horizontal stress difference makes fracture diversion easier, resulting in larger redirection radii. The impact of fracturing fluid viscosity on the diversion radius and diversion angle of fractures can be deemed negligible. Larger injection rates during construction facilitate easier diversion, leading to larger diversion radii. Furthermore, when the initial fracture angle exceeds 90°, the diversion radius of fractures is significantly larger compared to cases where the initial fracture angle is less than 90°, indicating a more facile diversion of fractures.
Dilutedly localized high-concentration ionogel electrolyte enabling high-voltage quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Song Shufeng , Chen Zongyuan , Wang Shengxian , Wei Fengkun , Savilov Serguei V. , Polu Anji Reddy , Singh Pramod K. , Liu Zhaoqin , Hu Ning
Published: July 2024

Ionogels, which are being considered as quasi-solid electrolytes for energy-storage devices, exhibited technical superiority in terms of nonflammability, negligible vapor pressure, remarkable thermostability, high ionic conductivity, and broad electrochemical stability window. However, their applications in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have been hindered by several issues: poor compatibility with Li-metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes, high viscosity, and inadequate wettability. Little attention has been paid to ionogel-based low-concentration electrolytes, despite their potential advantages in terms of Li+ mobility, viscosity, electrode wettability, and cost. Here, we demonstrate the surprising capabilities of localized high-concentration ionogel (LHCI) and dilutedly localized high-concentration ionogel (DLHCI) electrolytes, utilizing the non-solvating fluorinated ether 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, to realize high-voltage quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries (QSLMBs). Notably, the DLHCI electrolyte not only delivers superior ionic conductivity of 3.93 × 10−3 S cm−1 but also provides a high Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99%. Moreover, it significantly enhances anodic stability when paired with 4.4 V LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) and 4.8 V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO). Consequently, substantial improvement in cycling performance of QSLMBs has been realized with the DLHCI electrolyte.
Mortality risk information and health-seeking behavior during an epidemic
Authors: Purcell Helene , Kohler Iliana V. , Ciancio Alberto , Mwera James , Delavande Adeline , Mwapasa Victor , Kohler Hans-Peter
Published: July 2024

In a context where pessimistic survival perceptions have been widespread as a result of the HIV/AIDS epidemic (Fig. 1A), we study vaccine uptake and other health behaviors during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Leveraging a longitudinal cohort study in rural Malawi that has been followed for up to 25 y, we document that a 2017 mortality risk information intervention designed to reduce pessimistic mortality perceptions (Fig. 1B) resulted in improved health behavior, including COVID-19 vaccine uptake (Fig. 1C). We also report indirect effects for siblings and household members. This was likely the result of a reinforcing process where the intervention triggered engagement with the healthcare system and stronger beliefs in the efficacy of modern biomedical treatments, which led to the adoption of health risk reduction behavior, including vaccine uptake. Our findings suggest that health information interventions focused on survival perceptions can be useful in promoting health behavior and participation in the formal healthcare system, even during health crises—such as the COVID-19 pandemic—that are unanticipated at the time of the intervention. We also note the importance of the intervention design, where establishing rapport, tailoring the content to the local context, and spending time with respondents to convey the information contributed to the salience of the message.
NRF2 is a spatiotemporal metabolic hub essential for the polyfunctionality of Th2 cells
Authors: Choi Garam , Ju Hye-Yeon , Bok Jahyun , Choi Jungseo , Shin Jae Woo , Oh Hansol , Jeon Yeojin , Kim Jiyeon , Kim Daehong , Moon Heesu , Lee Jeong-Eun , Keum Young-Sam , Kim You-Me , Kim Hye Young , Park Sung Ho , Han Mi-Ryung , Chung Yeonseok
Published: July 2024

Upon encountering allergens, CD4
+
T cells differentiate into IL-4-producing Th2 cells in lymph nodes, which later transform into polyfunctional Th2 cells producing IL-5 and IL-13 in inflamed tissues. However, the precise mechanism underlying their polyfunctionality remains elusive. In this study, we elucidate the pivotal role of NRF2 in polyfunctional Th2 cells in murine models of allergic asthma and in human Th2 cells. We found that an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in immune cells infiltrating the lungs is necessary for the development of eosinophilic asthma and polyfunctional Th2 cells in vivo. Deletion of the ROS sensor NRF2 specifically in T cells, but not in dendritic cells, significantly abolished eosinophilia and polyfunctional Th2 cells in the airway. Mechanistically, NRF2 intrinsic to T cells is essential for inducing optimal oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis capacity, thereby driving Th2 cell polyfunctionality independently of IL-33, partially by inducing PPARγ. Treatment with an NRF2 inhibitor leads to a substantial decrease in polyfunctional Th2 cells and subsequent eosinophilia in mice and a reduction in the production of Th2 cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in asthmatic patients. These findings highlight the critical role of Nrf2 as a spatial and temporal metabolic hub that is essential for polyfunctional Th2 cells, suggesting potential therapeutic implications for allergic diseases.
A One Health Approach to Level Up Ethnoveterinary Practises in Rural India: A Pilot Project among the Local Community of Doddaballapur (Karnataka)
Authors: Kumar S.K. , Amrita G. , Kareem Abdul , Lainé Nicolas
Published: July 2024

The project aimed at introducing the local health practices attributed to animals for their health and production through immediate available resources among local communities in India. The traditional practices of nearly 20 clinical conditions of animal health were introduced to the farmers of the specified geographical area under Doddaballapur taluka name Shravanur and Koogonahalli of Doddaballapur, Karnataka, India. In these two villages nearly seventy–eight dairy farmers, who are depending on dairy for their livelihood, underwent intensive training on traditional animal health practices, which were documented and assessed by The University of Transdisciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU). In order to effectively create change in the daily practises, we engage in a transdisciplinary process including all stakeholder from the milk sector (venetian, dairy milk farmer). Such transdisciplinary training and empowering programs helped the farmers in preventing the diseases and managing them in a more sustainable way and at the same time to meet the dairy milk federation needs both in term of quality and quantity.

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Calorie restriction activates a gastric Notch-FOXO1 pathway to expand ghrelin cells
Authors: McKimpson Wendy M. , Spiegel Sophia , Mukhanova Maria , Kraakman Michael , Du Wen , Kitamoto Takumi , Yu Junjie , Deng Zhaobin , Pajvani Utpal , Accili Domenico
Published: July 2024

Calorie restriction increases lifespan. Among the tissue-specific protective effects of calorie restriction, the impact on the gastrointestinal tract remains unclear. We report increased numbers of chromogranin A-positive (+), including orexigenic ghrelin+ cells, in the stomach of calorie-restricted mice. This effect was accompanied by increased Notch target Hes1 and Notch ligand Jag1 and was reversed by blocking Notch with DAPT, a gamma-secretase inhibitor. Primary cultures and genetically modified reporter mice show that increased endocrine cell abundance is due to altered Lgr5+ stem and Neurog3+ endocrine progenitor cell proliferation. Different from the intestine, calorie restriction decreased gastric Lgr5+ stem cells, while increasing a FOXO1/Neurog3+ subpopulation of endocrine progenitors in a Notch-dependent manner. Further, activation of FOXO1 was sufficient to promote endocrine cell differentiation independent of Notch. The Notch inhibitor PF-03084014 or ghrelin receptor antagonist GHRP-6 reversed the phenotypic effects of calorie restriction in mice. Tirzepatide additionally expanded ghrelin+ cells in mice. In summary, calorie restriction promotes Notch-dependent, FOXO1-regulated gastric endocrine cell differentiation.
Design and analysis of D-shaped fiber optic plasmonic sensors using triangular corrugation of silver: transmittance and field analysis
Authors: Kumar Shambhu , Maurya Jitendra Bahadur
Published: July 2024

In this study, the wave optics module of COMSOL Multiphysics is used to simulate a D-shaped optical fibre plasmonic sensor with triangular corrugation structures made of silver. The transmittance and electric field-based performance defining parameters i.e., resonance wavelength (λ
r), shift in resonance wavelength (∆λ
r), minimum transmittance (Tmin), bandwidth (BW), penetration depth (PD), and propagation length (PL) are examined. The obtained sensitivity of the proposed sensor is 10.2 μm RIU−1. It is seen that the proposed sensor structure increases the sensitivity by 41% with respect to planar Ag and 40.2% with respect to rectangular grating of Ag. Also, the PD increases 36.6% with respect to planar Ag and 30% with respect to rectangular grating Ag.
Mode-selective photon-added two-mode squeezed vacuum state and its entanglement properties
Authors: Li Heng-Mei , Wang Zhen , Cai Jian-Wen , Yuan Hong-Chun , Xu Xue-Xiang
Published: July 2024

A class of non-Gaussian entangled states is introduced by applying the nonlocal single-photon addition to two-mode squeezed vacuum state and the properties of entanglement are numerically investigated according to linear entropy and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering. After the nonlocal single-photon addition operation, Wigner function of the generated state appears some negative region and loses its Gaussian property in phase space. In essence, non-Gaussian entangled states are generated after applying nonlocal single-photon addition. Additionally, by studying the linear entropy and EPR steering, we find that single-photon addition can enhance their entanglement degree and non-Gaussian steering can be witnessed in a large range of squeezing parameter for the second-order quadratures, which may provide a well application in the fields of quantum information processing.
Beta-band power modulation in the human amygdala differentiates between go/no-go responses in an arm-reaching task
Authors: Chung Ryan S , Martin del Campo Vera Roberto , Sundaram Shivani , Cavaleri Jonathon , Gilbert Zachary D , Leonor Andrea , Shao Xiecheng , Zhang Selena , Kammen Alexandra , Mason Xenos , Heck Christi , Liu Charles Y , Kellis Spencer S , Lee Brian
Published: July 2024

Objective. Traditionally known for its involvement in emotional processing, the amygdala’s involvement in motor control remains relatively unexplored, with sparse investigations into the neural mechanisms governing amygdaloid motor movement and inhibition. This study aimed to characterize the amygdaloid beta-band (13–30 Hz) power between ‘Go’ and ‘No-go’ trials of an arm-reaching task. Approach. Ten participants with drug-resistant epilepsy implanted with stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG) electrodes in the amygdala were enrolled in this study. SEEG data was recorded throughout discrete phases of a direct reach Go/No-go task, during which participants reached a touchscreen monitor or withheld movement based on a colored cue. Multitaper power analysis along with Wilcoxon signed-rank and Yates-corrected Z tests were used to assess significant modulations of beta power between the Response and fixation (baseline) phases in the ‘Go’ and ‘No-go’ conditions. Main results. In the ‘Go’ condition, nine out of the ten participants showed a significant decrease in relative beta-band power during the Response phase (p ⩽ 0.0499). In the ‘No-go’ condition, eight out of the ten participants presented a statistically significant increase in relative beta-band power during the response phase (p ⩽ 0.0494). Four out of the eight participants with electrodes in the contralateral hemisphere and seven out of the eight participants with electrodes in the ipsilateral hemisphere presented significant modulation in beta-band power in both the ‘Go’ and ‘No-go’ conditions. At the group level, no significant differences were found between the contralateral and ipsilateral sides or between genders. Significance. This study reports beta-band power modulation in the human amygdala during voluntary movement in the setting of motor execution and inhibition. This finding supplements prior research in various brain regions associating beta-band power with motor control. The distinct beta-power modulation observed between these response conditions suggests involvement of amygdaloid oscillations in differentiating between motor inhibition and execution.
Adaptive EMG decomposition in dynamic conditions based on online learning metrics with tunable hyperparameters
Authors: Mendez Guerra Irene , Barsakcioglu Deren Y , Farina Dario
Published: July 2024

Objective. Developing neural decoders robust to non-stationary conditions is essential to ensure their long-term accuracy and stability. This is particularly important when decoding the neural drive to muscles during dynamic contractions, which pose significant challenges for stationary decoders. Approach. We propose a novel adaptive electromyography (EMG) decomposition algorithm that builds on blind source separation methods by leveraging the Kullback–Leibler divergence and kurtosis of the signals as metrics for online learning. The proposed approach provides a theoretical framework to tune the adaptation hyperparameters and compensate for non-stationarities in the mixing matrix, such as due to dynamic contractions, and to identify the underlying motor neuron (MN) discharges. The adaptation is performed in real-time (∼22 ms of computational time per 100 ms batches). Main results. The hyperparameters of the proposed adaptation captured anatomical differences between recording locations (forearm vs wrist) and generalised across subjects. Once optimised, the proposed adaptation algorithm significantly improved all decomposition performance metrics with respect to the absence of adaptation in a wide range of motion of the wrist (80∘). The rate of agreement, sensitivity, and precision were

⩾
90
%

in

⩾
80
%

of the cases in both simulated and experimentally recorded data, according to a two-source validation approach. Significance. The findings demonstrate the suitability of the proposed online learning metrics and hyperparameter optimisation to compensate the induced modulation and accurately decode MN discharges in dynamic conditions. Moreover, the study proposes an experimental validation method for EMG decomposition in dynamic tasks.
Extraction of nonlinearity in neural networks with Koopman operator
Authors: Sugishita Naoki , Kinjo Kayo , Ohkubo Jun
Published: July 2024

Nonlinearity plays a crucial role in deep neural networks. In this paper, we investigate the degree to which the nonlinearity of the neural network is essential. For this purpose, we employ the Koopman operator, extended dynamic mode decomposition, and the tensor-train format. The Koopman operator approach has been recently developed in physics and nonlinear sciences; the Koopman operator deals with the time evolution in the observable space instead of the state space. Since we can replace the nonlinearity in the state space with the linearity in the observable space, it is a hopeful candidate for understanding complex behavior in nonlinear systems. Here, we analyze learned neural networks for the classification problems. As a result, the replacement of the nonlinear middle layers with the Koopman matrix yields enough accuracy in numerical experiments. In addition, we confirm that the pruning of the Koopman matrix gives sufficient accuracy even at high compression ratios. These results indicate the possibility of extracting some features in the neural networks with the Koopman operator approach.
Design and Implementation of Precise Position Control for High-Power Stepper Motors and Grating Rulers Based on STM32
Authors: Qin Xin , Song Zeyu , Fan Weijie , Tian Bo
Published: July 2024

In common closed-loop feedback stepper systems, grating ruler displacement sensors are often used for linear displacement detection. To improve the precision positioning of the motor platform and meet the requirements of high-precision automated measurement, this paper proposes a high-power stepper motor 57J1880-450 based on STM32. The control system uses a grating ruler measurement platform to feedback displacement to the processor for displacement compensation, aiming to achieve high-precision closed-loop control of the linear motion platform. Experimental results have shown that the designed linear motion platform has a high-precision positioning function and can be applied to some motion positioning control systems.