bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum stress – common pathomechanism of different diseases?
Authors: Mandl József , Bánhegyi Gábor
Published: September 2007

Az endoplazmás retikulum (ER) mint metabolikus kompartment funkciói meghatározók az intracelluláris homeosztázis fenntartásában, a belső és külső környezet zavaraihoz történő alkalmazkodásban. A legkülönbözőbb stresszhelyzetek (intracelluláris kalciumegyensúly változása, hypoglycaemia, hypoxia, redox homeosztázis zavara, vírusfertőzés stb.) érintik az ER luminális kompartimentumában zajló fehérjefolding folyamatrendszerét – foldingzavar alakulhat ki, aminek eredményeképpen nem megfelelően tekert, unfolded fehérjék halmozódnak fel. A változatos ER-stresszformák során megjelenő unfolded fehérjék az ER-ből induló különböző jelátviteli utak aktiválását idézik elő, amelyek sajátos, ER-specifikus válaszreakciók sokaságát váltják ki. A különböző stresszorokra adott hasonló jelátviteli válasz, az „unfolded protein response” (UPR) számos teljesen eltérő etiológiájú betegségben (pl. diabetes mellitus, neurodegeneratív betegségek, hepatitis) aktiválódik, így részben közös patomechanizmust jelent. Ezért az ER-stressz megismerése új távlatokat nyithat a terápiában.
Successful alemtuzumab treatment of a patient with atypical hairy cell leukaemia variant
Authors: Telek Béla , Batár Péter , Udvardy Miklós
Published: September 2007

A „hajas” sejtes leukémia és „hajas” sejtes leukémiavariáns hasonló, de egymástól elkülöníthető kórképek. Kezelésük is eltér, a „hajas” sejtes leukémiás betegek ugyanis jól reagálnak 2-chlorodeoxyadenosinra (cladribin), a variáns forma esetén azonban a cladribin kevésbé hatékony, terápiája megoldatlan. Egyéb szerekkel, köztük a monoklonális antitestekkel, kevés a tapasztalat. Alemtuzumab (Campath-IH, MabCampath), CD52-ellenes monoklonális antitest alkalmazásáról egy relapszusban lévő „hajas” sejtes leukémiás beteg esetében számoltak be, a „hajas” sejtes leukémiavariáns alemtuzumabkezeléséről nincs tudomásunk. A szerzők egy betegük kórtörténetét ismertetik, akinél a klinikai, a hematológiai és felszíni markervizsgálatok atípusos „hajas” sejtes leukémiavariáns mellett szóltak. MabCampath hatására (3 × 30 mg sc., 12 héten keresztül) ún. perifériás hematológiai remisszió alakult ki, a flow-cytometria vizsgálat is jelentős javulást igazolt. Az alemtuzumab hatékonysága várható lymphocytosissal (csontvelői infiltrációval) járó, de splenomegaliát és lymphadenomegáliát nem okozó „hajas” sejtes leukémia és variánsa esetén. A p53-deletio a MabCampath hatását betegükben nem befolyásolta.
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
Authors: Pintér István , Vágási Katalin , Wittmann István , Nagy Judit
Published: September 2007

A nefrogén szisztémás fibrosis, melyet korábban nefrogén fibrotizáló dermopathiaként említett az irodalom, egy ritka kórkép, mely vesebetegeknél jelentkezik. A kialakulását elsősorban gadolínium alapú MRI-kontrasztanyag alkalmazását követően észlelték beszűkült vesefunkciójú, többnyire dializált betegeken. A nefrogén szisztémás fibrosist a végtagok distalis részén kezdődő, majd a súlyosabb esetekben a tüdőt, májat, szív- és vázizomzatot is érintő fibrosis jellemzi. A betegség több szervrendszer együttes érintettsége esetén – az esetek mintegy 5%-ában – gyors lefolyású és halálos kimenetelű is lehet. Bizonyítékokon alapuló terápiája még nem ismert, de egy-egy esetben javulást észleltek vesetranszplantáció és plazmaferézis után, illetve gyógyulást írtak le extracorporalis fotoferézist követően.
The state of the colorectal screening in Hungary: lessons of the pilot programs
Authors: Döbrőssy Lajos , Kovács Attila , Budai András , Cornides Ágnes , Ottó Szabolcs , Tulassay Zsolt
Published: September 2007

A vastag- és végbélrák a halálokok sorrendjében a második helyen áll. Fejlődésmenete különösen alkalmassá teszi szűrővizsgálatra. Bár a tünetmentes vastag- és végbélrák kimutatására endoszkópos módszereket is eredményesen alkalmaznak, máig csak a rejtett székletvér kimutatásának hatásosságára rendelkezünk epidemiológiai, azaz randomizált, ellenőrzött vizsgálatokban nyert bizonyítékokkal, ezért ennek módozatai alkalmazhatók tömeges, népegészségügyi lakosságszűrésre. A guajak típusú kémiai vérkimutatást a fajlagosság hiánya miatt joggal kritizálják. Az újabb módszerek közül a vérfehérjék (hemoglobin) antigenitásán alapuló immunkémiai módszereket tartják a legmegfelelőbbnek. Magyarországon a Nemzeti Népegészségügyi Program keretében szervezett modellprogramokban kétféle vérfehérje (emberi hemoglobin és albumin) specifikus kimutatására alkalmas immunkémiai módszert használtak. A mintaprogramokban a meghívottak 30–45%-a jelent meg. A pozitív székletmintát adó személyek mintegy harmada visszariadt a kolonoszkópiás vizsgálattól. A szűrővizsgálatok jelentős számú, szövettanilag igazolt mirigyes polipot és korai rákot hoztak felszínre, és igazolták a módszer hasznosságát. A modellprogramok még folyamatban vannak. A szűrővizsgálatok folyamatos és fokozatos kiterjesztése előtt a mintaprogramokban használt kettős specificitású (hemoglobin és albumin) vérkimutatási eljárás alkalmazhatóságát – hitelesített kontrollmódszerekkel párhuzamosan vizsgálva – igazolni kell annak érdekében, hogy a laboratóriumi protokoll rutin-vizsgálóeljárásnak ismerje el. Emellett kívánatos a teljes kolonoszkópia alkalmazhatóságának vizsgálata is, ám ehhez szükség van az ország kolonoszkópos kapacitásának fejlesztésére.
Genetic background of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hagymási Krisztina , Tulassay Zsolt
Published: September 2007

A nyelőcsőrák a kilencedik leggyakoribb rosszindulatú daganat. Több mint 90%-ban előrehaladott állapotban kerül felismerésre. A sebészi beavatkozás, a kemo-, illetve radioterápia lehetőségei korlátozottak. Napjainkban a génterápia került az érdeklődés előterébe. A szerzők a nyelőcsőlaphámrák genetikai és molekuláris hátterét és a génterápiával elért kezdeti tapasztalatokat tekintik át. Ismertetik a komplementer nukleinsavak (antisense terápia), a génpótlás, a kis interferáló RNS-k alkalmazásának lehetőségeit.
The dependence of heavy-ion-induced adhesion on energy loss and time
Authors: Stokstad R.G. , Jacobs P.M. , Tserruya I. , Sapir L. , Mamane G.
Published: September 2007

The ability of heavy-ion beams to enhance the adhesion of thin metallic films to substrates has been studied as a function of projectile species. Measurements of the adhesion enhancement of a thin gold film to substrates of tantalum and silicon (with native oxides) have been made for beams of 12C, 16O, 28Si, 35Cl, and 58Ni at 2.85 MeV/nucleon. The threshold dose required to pass the Scotch tape peel test was found for the Au-Ta system to be D th (cm−2) = 1017 (dE / dx)−3±0.2 where dE/dx is the electronic stopping power (MeV mg−1 cm−2) of the ion in Au. For the Au-Si system, Dth = 6×1018 (dE/dx)−4.1±0.3. The steep dependence of D th on dE/dx found here is in contrast with an earlier measurement for the Au-Ta system by Tombrello et al. The adhesion enhancement was observed to decrease with time after the bombardment in a manner suggesting that diffusion of atoms through the gold film is important. The possible importance of small concentrations of extraneous atoms at the interface is discussed.
Nuclear magnetic resonance in Al-rich quasiperiodic crystals
Authors: Rubinstein M. , Stauss G.H. , Phillips T.E. , Moorjani K. , Bennett L.H.
Published: September 2007

The 27Al and the 55Mn nuclear magnetic resonance powder pattern lineshapes have been obtained in icosahedral and decagonal (T phase) Al-Mn quasiperiodic crystals, and are compared to that of orthorhombic Al6Mn. The quasiperiodic crystals yield much broader spectra with little resolved structure. The quadrupole and Knight shift parameters for the 55Mn resonance in orthorhombic Al6Mn have been determined as |vQ| = 0.76 MHz,Kax = −2.7 × 10−4, Kiso = + 5 × 10−3. The results imply that Al6Mn and the quasiperiodic crystals have similar electronic and magnetic properties.
Phase analysis of sintered yttria–zirconia ceramics by x-ray diffraction
Authors: Paterson A. , Stevens R.
Published: September 2007

Determination of the amount of cubic and tetragonal phase in yttria–zirconia using high-angle XRD (x-ray diffraction) has been complicated by problems of resolution and interpretation. The evidence, from electron diffraction studies, for ac→tshear transformation also needs to be taken into account. Two compositions, a 3 and a 5.7 mol % Y2O3−ZrO2, were sintered and thermally treated at different temperatures between 1450°and 1700°C. X-ray diffraction traces revealed the anticipated tetragonal (400) and (004) reflections. The region of the diffraction pattern that was thought to arise from the cubic phase could be best interpreted as a second tetragonal phaset'. The original amount of cubic phase computed from thet' reflections showed good agreement with the phase diagram of Scott. The lattice parameters of thet' phase were determined, and the volume of the tetragonal (t') unit cell was calculated.
Properties of furnace-annealed, high-resistivity, arsenic-implanted polycrystalline silicon films
Authors: Schubert W.K.
Published: September 2007

The approach to equilibrium of the grain structure and electrical properties has been studied in high-resistivity, As-implanted polycrystalline silicon films on thermally oxidized silicon wafers. Thermal annealing parameters are found to be critical in determining the film sheet resistance. Results from spreading resistance analysis, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy indicate that As diffusion down the grain boundaries into the film leads to a large fraction of the As being left in inactive grain boundary sites. Reactivation of the As is negligible when processing temperatures are 900 °C or lower. A relatively simple diffusion model has been developed that can fit the As concentration profile over the entire film thickness. This makes the model applicable to normal integrated circuit processing conditions where film thickness effects and nonequilibrium dopant distributions are important.
Investigation of quantum well and tunnel barrier growth by resonant tunneling
Authors: Reed M.A. , Lee J.W. , Aldert R.K. , Wetsel A.E.
Published: September 2007

We present the first known systematic mapping of quantum well and tunnel barrier thicknesses in a resonant tunneling structure by transport measurements. The technique derives a 1 Å averaged resolution for quantum well and barrier thicknesses, independently for the quantum well and adjacent tunnel barriers. Contour maps of the structure reveal an asymmetric shallow ring growth structure for one of the epilayers. Current-voltage characteristics and temperature dependence of the resonant tunneling structures will also be discussed.
Solid phase equilibria in the Au-Ga-As, Au-Ga-Sb, Au-In-As, and Au-In-Sb ternaries
Authors: Thomas Tsai C. , Williams R. Stanley
Published: September 2007

The Au-Ga-As, Au-Ga-Sb, Au-In-As, and Au-In-Sb ternaries were surveyed using x-ray powder diffraction to determine which metallic phases exist at equilibrium with the III-V compound semiconductors. In closed, small-volume systems (i.e., formation of gas-phase products was prevented), Au does not react with GaAs but does react with the other III-V's investigated to produce Au-group III intermetallic compounds and another solid phase containing the group V element. However, each semiconductor formed pseudobinary systems with at least two different intermetallic compounds. The bulk phase diagrams determined in this study provide frameworks within which much of the experimental data in the literature concerning the products of reactions at Au/III-V interfaces can be understood.
Conceptualizing the Efficacy of Vipassana Meditation as Taught by S.N. Goenka
Authors: Drummond Michael S.
Published: September 2007

In the 1950s, E.T. Gendlin developed a philosophical system, published as Experiencing and the Creation of Meaning, to explain the role of bodily feelings in cognition, and he then evolved a psychotherapy known as Focusing, based on this system. Focusing works primarily with bodily feelings and how they relate to the thinking processes. Gendlin’s work has had an important impact on the field of Psychology. An aspect of the historicity of E.T. Gendlin’s work is that it has intriguing similarities with how the Vipassana meditation teacher S.N. Goenka (one of the more important personages in international Buddhism of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries), teaches, in line with the Pali Nikayas, that a correct understanding of affective bodily feelings can lead to the dissolution of destructive emotional tendencies. This article uses these similarities to begin a process, from a Western academic perspective, of conceptualizing the efficacy of Vipassana meditation, as taught by S.N. Goenka, in dissolving harmful emotional habits. This will be done by comparing how S.N. Goenka and E.T. Gendlin understand the operative factors in personality change.
Women in Brown
Authors: Angell Jane
Published: September 2007

At Chithurst Buddhist Monastery, in the UK, in 1979, four women joined the newly formed community of Theravada monks. They lived initially as novices, and their wish to engage more fully with the life of renunciation, combined with the support and commitment of the community leader Ajahn Sumedho and other monks, led to the formation of a unique order of Theravada Buddhist nuns, who became known as siladhara. This paper will appear in two parts. This first part begins with a brief contextual overview of Theravada nuns, from the founding and decline of the order of bhikkhunis to the various forms of ordination available for women in the Theravada world today. It then gives a history of the order of siladhaa? from its inception until approximately 2000, focusing on the development of their rule and ordination procedures, the way the order has changed over the years and issues and conflicts it has had to deal with, as well as a period when some nuns lived in a women-only community. My research was undertaken by personal interview with founding members of the order as well as by e-mail, telephone and written communications with nuns past and present and with a senior monk involved in the order’s early days. The history until the present day and consideration of future developments will form the second part of the paper.
Buddhism, Conflict and Violence in Modern Sri Lanka, edited by Mahinda Deegalle
Authors: Hoffman Frank J.
Published: September 2007

Buddhism, Conflict and Violence in Modern Sri Lanka, edited by Mahinda Deegalle (London and New York: Routledge, 2006), pp. xv + 277, £75.00 (Cloth). ISBN 0 415 35920 1
The Path of Compassion: The Bodhisattva Precepts. The Chinese Brahma’s Net Sutra. Introduced and translated by Batchelor
Authors: Travagnin Stefania
Published: September 2007

The Path of Compassion: The Bodhisattva Precepts. The Chinese Brahma’s Net Sutra. Introduced and translated by Batchelor (Lanham: Altamira Press 2004), pp. xi + 128. US$19.95. ISBN 0 7591 0517 0
Muroji: Rearranging Art and History at a Japanese Buddhist Temple. Sherry D. Fowler
Authors: Hesketh William
Published: September 2007

Muroji: Rearranging Art and History at a Japanese Buddhist Temple. Sherry D. Fowler (Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2005), pp. xiv + 293. US$55.00. ISBN 0824827929
Comparison of the Pali and Chinese Versions of the Vangisa-thera Samyutta, a Collection of Early Buddhist Discourses on the Venerable Vangisa
Authors: Mun-Keat Choong,
Published: September 2007

This article first briefly examines the textual structure of the Vangisathera Samyutta of the Pali Samyutta-nikaya in conjunction with two other versions preserved in Chinese translation in Taisho vol. 2, nos. 99 and 100. Then it compares the main teachings contained in the three versions. These three versions of this collection on the subject of the venerable Vangisa represent three different early Buddhist schools within the Sthavira branch. This comparative study of these three different versions focuses on three major topics: (i) Arhants at the pravarana ceremony; (ii) sensual desire and the way to extinguish it; and (iii) the Buddha’s teachings to Vangisa. It reveals similarities and significant differences in structure and doctrinal content, thus advancing the historical/critical study of early Buddhist doctrine in this area.
Mara in the Chinese Samyuktagamas, with a Translation of the Mara Samyukta of the Bieyi za ahan jing (T.100)
Authors: Bingenheimer Marcus
Published: September 2007

This article addresses some philological and structural-narrative issues concerning the suttas on Mara the Bad in Agama literature. Included is a translation of the Mara Samyukta of the Bieyi za ahan jing, which includes such famous passages as the suicide without further rebirth of Godhika.
Jhana and Lokuttara-jjhana
Authors: Bhikkhu Brahmāli
Published: September 2007

The Abhidhamma uses the concept of lokuttara-jjhana to refer to the moment one attains any of the four stages of Awakening. In contrast, the Suttas use the terms jhana and samadhi to refer to aspects of the path leading to the stages of Awakening. Therefore, when the commentaries interpret jhana and samadhi in Sutta usage as lokuttara-jjhana, they are imposing an interpretation on the Suttas that is foreign to them. Directly contradicting the Suttas, this reinterpretation makes jhana dispensable as a path factor leading to Awakening. More generally, this particular problem highlights the inherent danger of distortion when the commentaries use later concepts to explain the earliest teachings of the Nikayas.
Sacred Persons in Contemporary Culture
Authors: Jenkins Timothy
Published: September 2007

In this paper, I am concerned with various narrative accounts, told by sociologists, of who we are and how we got to be that way. I share an interest in the nature of the modern person with a number of the papers at this conference; my particular approach is to view the problem through the history of sociology.
Implicit Religion
Authors: Brierley Peter
Published: September 2007

This paper examines the gap between the relatively high percentage who professed to be Christian in the 2001 U.K. Population Census and the much smaller percentage who attend church, and the causes for this disparity, by examining the possible reasons for those ticking ‘Christian’ and other statistics from a wide variety of sources which may be taken to affirm the Census figure. The implications of such a large difference are also considered by reference to the religious structure of the population.
'O Come, All Ye Faithful...'
Authors: Ménard Guy
Published: September 2007

Centuries of Judeo-Christianity have accustomed us to a quite radical dissociation between sex and spirituality. The history of humanity is however permeated with cultures which envisaged the body and its passions as a privileged road towards transcendence, as a vital quest for meaning and as a genuine religious experience. Through the study of four of its contemporary figures (the rave phenomenon, the fetish scene, roaming sexuality, and risky sexual behaviour), this paper suggests that this could still be a valid way to assess many aspects of sexuality in our times.
Louis Armstrong loves Guy Lombardo!
Authors: Wald Elijah
Published: September 2007

Though Guy Lombardo and the Royal Canadians were always considered the sweetest of American dance bands and the antithesis of what is usually called jazz, Louis Armstrong regularly named them as his favorite orchestra. This judgment is usually dismissed as an odd quirk, but by exploring it we can learn something about what made Armstrong unique. Likewise, it is worth examining Armstrong’s admiration for classical virtuosos like Herbert Clarke of the Sousa band. In broader terms, we cannot understand the evolution of jazz if we do not explore the deep African-American classical tradition and the extent to which artists like Armstrong and Lombardo shared a single world, and appealed to a broadly overlapping audience. Sweet orchestras and classical concert music, rather than being the opposite of jazz, were among the many inspirations for Armstrong and his peers, and our understanding and appreciation of these musicians is increased when we realize the breadth of their interests.
Is jazz popular music?
Authors: Frith Simon
Published: September 2007

This paper addresses a paradox: as a matter of cultural and musical history jazz was clearly the most significant form of twentieth-century popular music and yet within the academy ‘popular music studies’ and ‘jazz studies’ are quite distinct scholarly associations and approaches. How can we account for this? Three lines of enquiry are followed: the history of popular music studies as a scholarly field; the current status of jazz in the marketplace; the attitude of jazz musicians and writers to ‘the popular’. It is concluded that if jazz scholars regard popular music studies as irrelevant to their concerns then for that very reason popular music scholars need to take account of jazz.
When bad things happen to great musicians
Authors: Holbrook Morris
Published: September 2007

Earlier work has shown how jazz can deepen the meanings of a cinematic experience; can enrich the development of plot, character, or other dramatic themes in a motion picture; and can contribute to various aspects of a film’s significance. Conversely, the present essay focuses on how this cinemusical process can break down—leading to unsatisfactory or problematic results—especially in a jazz biopic that portrays the life of a great musician. In this connection, dwelling on the dark side of artistic genius, the essay discusses how cinemusical uses of jazz have failed to provide the needed dramatic effects—falling short of conveying the essence of true tragedy—in three major tragedepictions portraying the undeniably sad lives of Billie Holiday in Lady Sings the Blues (1972); of a Lester Young/Bud Powell/Dexter Gordon composite character in ’Round Midnight (1986); and of Charlie Parker in Bird (1988).
Connecting with Creation
Authors: Kellert Stephen R.
Published: September 2007

This paper argues for the existence of a universal and genetically-encoded human yearning to connect and unite with nature or, writ large, creation. In human society, this yearning is often revealed through the vehicles of science and religion. This is a weak genetic tendency, however, that through the human genius of culture and free will produces widely different versions of science and religion. Nevertheless, this yearning being an expression of biology and the product of human evolution is ultimately bound by its functional and adaptive expression. This perspective implies that not all individual and cultural constructions of science and religion are equally legitimate, some proving dysfunctional and destructive over time. This perspective also advances an ethic for the care and conservation of nature based on a broad understanding of human self-interest.
Finding Data
Authors: Von Stuckrad Kocku
Published: September 2007

The very name of the new International Society for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture is a programmatic challenge. It brings together three concepts that are notoriously difficult to grasp. Instead of providing ultimate definitions for these concepts, this article argues that the object of scrutiny in academic research is not nature as such, but the cultural processes that produce certain ideas about nature as nature. Thus, ontological statements are our data; they are not part of our argument. The article argues for a contextualization and historicization of concepts of nature and exemplifies this with reference to a selection of topics that lend themselves to critical analysis. Ontologies and normativities, implicitly or explicitly, are powerful elements of any nature discourse. They constitute conflicting mindsets that determine the way people respond to their environment. In academic analysis, these mindsets are helpful tools for structuring historical processes and discursive formations, the latter including human action and societal realities. Mindsets are not only ways of thinking; they are inextricably bound to the ‘appropriation of nature’ that scholarly analysis has to decode and contextualize. Two culturally influential concepts of nature are used as an example of these processes.
Religion, Nature and Culture
Authors: Ivakhiv Adrian
Published: September 2007

The inaugural conference of the International Society for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture demonstrated several tensions at play within the emerging field of ‘religion, nature and culture’. Each of these three terms is a modern western folk construct, not a universal category. The place of ‘culture’ within this trinity is especially unclear, and its use risks essentializing a category that cultural anthropologists have themselves begun to question. With a nod to the burgeoning literature on ‘social nature’, this article thinks through the relationship between these three terms. It argues that their combination be thought of not as an object or field of study for the Society, but as an ‘invocation’ by which the Society can cultivate international and interdisciplinary discussion on a confluence of timely concerns.
Reflections on Animal Emotions and Beastly Virtues
Authors: Bekoff Marc
Published: September 2007

Interdisciplinary research into animal behavior, cognition, and emotions can illuminate important questions of meaning, including those that are often discussed in religious works. Such questions include who we are in the grand scheme of things, the role science plays in our understanding of the world, and what it means to ‘know’ something. I argue that cognitive ethology (the study of animal minds), properly understood and carefully applied, can integrate both anecdotes and anthropomorphism, and reliably inform studies of animal behavior. Moreover, cognitive ethology can be viewed as the unifying science for understanding the subjective, emotional, empathic, and moral lives of animals, because it is essential to know what animals do, think, and feel as they go about their daily routines in relationship to the others with whom they interact. The more we come to understand other animals the more we will appreciate them and ourselves.
Bush’s Bible as a Liberal Bible
Authors: Sherwood Yvonne
Published: September 2007

This essay introduces the four articles collected in this issue of Postscripts as a forum on the theme, “Bush’s Bible.” It also argues that Bush’s Bible can be explained as an example of the “Liberal Bible,” a Bible invented in early modernity, though often misunderstood as expressing the Christian Bible’s original, true nature. The recent history of the Liberal Bible needs to be told and analysed in order to understand the fudged religious–secular compromises of modernity. The very vagueness of Bush’s Bible as a loose repository of principles is a symptom of the paradoxical place of the Bible in modern democratic-(Christian) states.
Aesthetics/Ascetics
Authors: Stolow Jeremy
Published: September 2007

This article focuses on the relationship of aesthetics and ascetics with regard to the publication and popular reception of Kosher By Design, a cookbook published by a major American Jewish Orthodox press, ArtScroll Publications. The article analyses the ideological, rhetorical, discursive, and iconographic modes of address embedded within this text, treating them as instances of popular religion, and also as elements of a project in and through which the Orthodox Jewish intellectuals associated with ArtScroll seek to assert new forms of religious authority, in the context of a broader culture of “kosher consumerism,” to which this text is directed. The article ends by highlighting the paradoxical character of this form of “post-scripture,” in which books like Kosher By Design, and by extension other ArtScroll texts—including their popular prayer-books—are caught between competing demands of popularity and authority, art and asceticism, and religious stringency and bourgeois living.
Currency of a Calling
Authors: Johnson Bradley A.
Published: September 2007

One the most powerful evangelical Christian sentiments is that one is potentially imbued with the divine mandate and capacity to enact the will of God on earth. Since becoming president in 2000, George W. Bush’s sense of calling has encompassed the responsibility of the United States to bestow and/or protect freedom, which he has deemed “God’s gift to humanity.” The American president’s rhetoric, with regard to American exceptionality in its domestic and foreign policy, however, betrays a “sovereign” conception of time wherein nothing happens except the forestalling of its end. Following the philosophical inquiry of Philip Goodchild’s Capitalism and Religion and the political critique of Giorgio Agamben’s State of Exception, this article will examine the nature of American exceptionality, namely the degree to which President Bush’s rhetoric of the call co-opts its biblical precedents in a speculative maneuver that is unconcerned with the subsistence/lived level of reality, and whose aim is ultimately to perpetuate the creation of political capital.
Burning Bush
Authors: Stone Ken
Published: September 2007

George W. Bush links the call of Moses at the burning bush (Exod. 3) to his decision to run for US President. This article uses Bush’s appeal to Moses as a point of departure for reflection on the role of biblical rhetoric in and against the Bush Administration. Much attention has been given to the importance of religion in Bush’s 2004 reelection. However, Bush’s appeal to Moses provides openings for potentially subversive readings. Although the politics of marriage (especially as refracted through the “gay marriage” debates) played a role in Bush’s re-election, Moses’ own marriage is a source of contention in the biblical text; and matters of sex and gender create moments of potential instability at several points in the Moses traditions. The claims made about “Bible” by Bush and his supporters are performative rather than constative statements. Like the phrase “Burning Bush” itself, Bush’s Bible therefore remains open for resignification by those who read the Bible for very different purposes.
The Community of the Many Names of God
Authors: Geaves Ron
Published: September 2007

The Community of the Many Names of God in Skanda Vale, Carmarthenshire has a number of unusual features. Founded by Guru Subramanium, a Sri Lankan Tamil in the 1960s in London, the Community moved to a valley in South Wales in the early 1970s, since when it has developed into a pilgrimage centre for British Tamils. The centre in Wales boasts three temples to Kali, Murugan and Sri Ranganathan (Vishnu), and the sadhana followed is that of Agamic Shaiva Siddhanta without the usual caste restrictions in worship. The paper will introduce the concept of ‘border guardians’ to describe a particular kind of charismatic authority. Innovative, intensely counter-intuitive, they creatively guard the border terrain. Whilst assessing the development of Skanda Vale into a sacred space for British Hindus, the paper will explore the contested relationship between Agamic and non-Agamic forms of Shaivism in Sri Lanka. The conclusion will be that such movements that have developed in the West owe more to their beginnings and histories in the place of origin to determine their formation and should be understood as transplanted sampradayas rather than being under the umbrella of the sociological study of new religious movements.
Remembering Ourselves
Authors: Kripal Jeffrey J.
Published: September 2007

Through a brief cultural genealogy of the West’s encounter with Asian Tantric traditions from the late 1880s through the early 1980s and some personal reflections on the controversies surrounding the author’s Kali’s Child, this essay suggests that contemporary Indology’s orienting turn to Tantric texts and traditions and its occasional “excessive” focus on sexuality and gender do not derive in any direct or primary sense from Western colonialism, as is often argued, but rather from the altered states and newly won freedoms of a shared American- British counterculture. That is to say, Euro-American scholars turned to Tantric subjects in the 1980s and 90s because the counterculture from which they had just emerged in the 60s and 70s had earlier turned to these same traditions as “Asian countercultures” in which historical actors, accurately or no, saw their own convictions and experiences ecstatically reflected and religiously authorized. This thesis is then fleshed out through brief studies of Pierre Bernard, Sylvais Hamati, Sir John Woodroffe, Atul Behari Ghosh, Aldous Huxley, Timothy Leary, and Agehananda Bharati. Some final reflections on the poignant integrity of both the controversial scholarship and its critics conclude the essay.
Buddhism, Conflict and Violence in Modern Sri Lanka, by Mahinda Deegalle (ed.)
Authors: Harris Elizabeth J.
Published: September 2007

Buddhism, Conflict and Violence in Modern Sri Lanka, by Mahinda Deegalle (ed.). Abingdon: Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2006. xv + 277 pp., £75.00 (hb), ISBN10: 0-415-35920-1.
The Clay Sanskrit Library, founded by John and Jennifer Clay
Authors: Brodbeck Simon
Published: September 2007

The Clay Sanskrit Library, founded by John and Jennifer Clay, general editor Richard Gombrich, edited by Isabelle Onians and Somadeva Vasudeva. Mahabharata Book Two: The Great Hall, trans. Paul Wilmot, 588 pp., 2005. Mahabharata Book Three: The Forest, Volume Four, trans. W. J. Johnson, 374 pp., 2006. Mahabharata Book Four: Virata, trans. Kathleen Garbutt, 516 pp., 2006. Mahabharata Book Seven: Drona, Volume One, trans. Vaughan Pilikian, 473 pp., 2006. Mahabharata Book Eight: Karna, Volume One, trans. Adam Bowles, 604 pp., 2005. Mahabharata Book Nine: Salya, Volume One, trans. Justin Meiland, 371 pp., 2006. Published by New York University Press and the JJC Foundation.
Issues in Writing ‘Introductions’ to ‘Sikhism’
Authors: Nesbitt Eleanor
Published: September 2007

The paper sets the author’s introductions – in particular Sikhism A Very Short Introduction (2005a) – in the context of earlier introductions to (and more substantial treatments of) Sikhism. After noting challenges intrinsic to representing faith traditions, and the particular task of the writer of introductions, my focus rests on reflexivity and the fact that context and conversation – both recent events and particular collaborations – shape agendas. Likewise, I suggest, critical attention needs to take account of the writer’s disciplinary formation, as historian, linguist or, in my case, ethnographer. The eruption, in the last quarter of the twentieth century, of hostility against Professor Hew McLeod and other scholars trained in critical methods receives comment, as this affects the decisions made in designing and drafting scholarly introductions. It is also a part of Sikh history, and as such receives a place in my own Introduction. The article refers to some particularly sensitive aspects of Sikh history and to the balance of criteria in selecting visual images as well as in creating text. The ‘world religions’ paradigm of much religious studies and religious education comes in for scrutiny, as does the western matrix in which ‘Sikhism’ and other ‘isms’ have been named and conceptualized as discrete systems rather than unbounded traditions. A range of decisions that I made as author are revisited such, for example, as the emphasis on the Punjab and on the international spread of the Panth, and the selection of exemplars. The elusiveness of spirituality, the dearth of Sikh material available on ethical issues and the possibility of engaging as author with recent, ‘postmodern’ approaches are considered. Finally the writer’s responsibility is outlined – a responsibility which comprises introducing diaspora Sikhs to their heritage as well as introducing the faith to outsiders. Introductions, it is argued, have a contribution to make to interfaith dialogue.
From in group to out group in the speeches of the arabized group of Central Morocco
Authors: Bennis Saïd
Published: September 2007

This paper deals with the analysis of the epilinguistic speech of the arabized group of Central Morocco. The speech concerns the positioning and qualifiers allotted to the involved languages. The interpretation of these speeches was elaborated on the basis of the assumption stipulating that the Arabised representations of the languages and groups of their surrounding are controlled by two contradictory tendencies: the “in group” and the “out group” tendencies. The first shows in the speech anchored in a territory, the place of origin, and attached to the lect of the group of membership the second appears in that of the people opening on the other: both its language and territory.
The Wine Commercial in English
Authors: Hansen de Chambouleyron Ana , Montorsi de Torres Cecelia
Published: September 2007

The purpose of this paper is to show that it is possible to describe the language used in wine commercials in English by following the Systemic Functional Model developed by Michael Halliday and his followers. It is also possible to make a pedagogical proposal that may fit the different teaching levels in TEFL. The wine commercial is a kind of argumentative-hortatory genre; the texts used are brief and attractive to the students; and the lexico - grammatical features employed make this type of discourse appealing and useful to all levels of teaching. The corpus consists of 157 wine ads, the analyses of which allowed generalizations about the characteristics of wine commercials. Results showed the predominance of lexico - grammatical features such as the use of independent declarative non-elliptical clauses, among others. The semantic analysis showed how the distribution of information is made into the Theme and Rheme sectors of the clause. A guide for possible implementation in different levels of teaching is included.
Linguistic attitudes in Aragon
Authors: Huguet Canalís Ángel , Lapresta Rey Cecilio
Published: September 2007

The study of the linguistic attitudes has been considered a key element when we pretend to guarantee the success of any proposal of treatment of the languages in the school. In spite of it, in the case of Aragon (Spain), where three languages are spoken along the territory, the practical non-existence research in this way is only coherent with the lack of determination that the topic has been traditionally treaty. In this context, taking as a reference school children in Compulsory Secondary Education, our goal is twofold: 1) to describe the attitudes towards the languages in contact (Aragonese, Castilian-Spanish and Catalan), as well as the two foreign languages who are more present in the school curriculum (French and English), and 2) to analyze the incidence of some of the main factors that determine those attitudes. The heterogeneity among the linguistic areas in Aragon derived from our data, should take to a deep reflection about the future actions to undertake in the schools located in those that have been considered the classical linguistic Aragonese territories: the Aragonese speaking area, the Castilian-Spanish speaking area ant the Catalan speaking area.
Narrative study in sociolinguistics
Authors: Pavlenko Aneta
Published: September 2007

Uta M. Quasthoff & Tabea Becker (eds.) (2005). Narrative interaction. Studies in Narrative 5. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Pp. 306. ISBN 1-58811-553-4 (hardcover).
Sven Strömqvist & Ludo Verhoeven (eds.) (2004). Relating events in narrative, Volume 2: Typological and contextual perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp. 610. ISBN 0-8058-4672-7 (hardcover).
Joanna Thornborrow & Jennifer Coates (eds.) (2005). The sociolinguistics of narrative. Studies in Narrative 6. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Pp. 300. ISBN 1-58811-635-2 (hardcover).
A Comparison of Point Abundance and Continuous Sampling by Electrofishing for Age-0 Fish in a Channelized Lowland River
Authors: Janáĉ Michal , Jurajda Pavel
Published: September 2007

Because of its efficiency as a sampling method, electrofishing of age-0 fish is often used to assess natural reproduction in rivers. However, little is known about the relative tradeoffs of accuracy and efficiency of different electrofishing methods. For monitoring purposes, it is important to find a method that accurately estimates age-0 fish assemblages and that is relatively quick and inexpensive. Though some studies have compared the suitability of different methods for addressing particular research or management questions, to our knowledge this is the first study comparing two different electrofishing sampling strategies: point abundance and continuous. We compared time effectiveness and accuracy of estimating age-0 fish assemblages obtained by point abundance and continuous electrofishing on the lowland Morava River (Danube River basin, Czech Republic). Forty sites were surveyed by each strategy along two types of shoreline: submerged vegetation and boulder bank. Both strategies yielded similar qualitative data (species richness, relative proportion of species, and size structure) along each shoreline type. Point abundance sampling required a shorter amount of survey time than did continuous sampling. We conclude that point abundance sampling is the more suitable method for routine sampling of age-0 fish assemblages in lowland rivers.
Relative Susceptibility and Effects on Performance of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout Challenged with Myxobolus cerebralis
Authors: DuBey Robert J. , Caldwell Colleen A. , Gould William R.
Published: September 2007

We evaluated the susceptibility of Rio Grande cutthroat trout (RGCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis to infection by Myxobolus cerebralis in a laboratory experiment. In the same experiment, rainbow trout (RBT) O. mykiss were similarly exposed to M. cerebralis as a reference of known sensitivity to the parasite. Treatments consisting of six parasite concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 triactinomyxons [TAMS] per fish) were randomized within a complete block design using RGCT and RBT fry beginning at 60 d posthatch (600 degree‐days at 10°C). The laboratory experiment was terminated at 130 d postexposure (1,900 degree‐days at 10°C). Diagnostic metrics included clinical signs (behavioral and black tail), survival, myxospore counts, histology, and a swimming performance challenge. Clinical signs of whirling disease were observed within both species at 500 and 1,000 TAMs/fish by 66 d postexposure to the disease. Rio Grande cutthroat trout exhibited significantly lower survival (50% cumulative mortality at 1,000 TAMs/fish) and a significant concentration response compared with RBT (8% cumulative mortality at 1,000 TAMs/fish). Histological scoring of cranial sections using a 0‐5 scale of increasing pathogenic effect revealed greater disease severity in RGCT (3.20) than in RBT (2.43) at 100 TAMs/fish but no difference at 1,000 TAMs/fish (4.15 and 4.12, respectively). Swimming performance revealed detectably lower critical swimming speed in both RGCT and RBT in relation to increased parasite concentrations, the RGCT exhibiting detectably lower critical swimming speeds than the RBT at increased parasite concentration. If M. cerebralis were to spread to areas supporting RGCT, population‐level effects may occur.
On the formation of thaumasite CaSiO3·CaSO4·CaCO3·15H2O: Part III
Authors: Bellmann F.
Published: September 2007

In the first part of this series, thermodynamic properties were reported for the mineral thaumasite [Advances in Cement Research, 2004, 16, No. 2, 55–60]. These data were used to calculate reaction paths that were relevant for formation of thaumasite during sulphate attack on concrete [Advances in Cement Research, 2004, 16, No. 3, 89–94 and 2005, 17, No. 1, 46]. Measurements and calculations are referred to a temperature of 8°C. The present paper evaluates the results. A calculation of possible errors in the measured thermodynamic properties demonstrates that deviations are mainly due to shortcomings in the underlying database and a possible deviation from thermodynamic equilibrium. The results obtained for different reaction paths were compared to the results of laboratory investigations. Most of these data were taken from the literature where reactions involving pure phases were studied. Some additional experimental investigations were performed and in most cases the results obtained by thermodynamic calculations were in agreement with the experiment.
Steelmaking slags as raw material for sulphoaluminate belite cement
Authors: Adolfsson D. , Menad N. , Viggh E. , Björkman B.
Published: September 2007

In the present study, slags from the steelmaking industry are described and considered as a potential raw material within the field of sulphoaluminate belite cement. The objective of the study was to investigate the possibility of using a substantial amount of steelmaking slags as raw meal in the manufacture of a sulphobelitic clinker. A further aim was to compare the influence of different slags in relation to the formation of sulphoaluminate and the other clinker phases required. The behaviour of high temperature reactions was investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Mineralogical observations were carried out through X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Three different mixtures and a single ladle slag were prepared using modified Bogue calculations, which are characterised by the assessment of a potential phase composition in order to produce belite-rich cement activated with sulphoaluminate. The results so far prove that steelmaking slags have the potential to be used as raw material, since sulphoaluminate along with polymorphs of dicalcium silicate and ferrite phases were detected after firing at 1200°C in an air atmosphere.
Performance of plain and blended cements exposed to varying concentrations of sodium sulphate
Authors: Al-Zahrani M. M.
Published: September 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of plain and blended cements exposed to varying concentrations of sodium sulphate for up to 24 months. Four types of cements, namely Type I, Type V, Type I with silica fume, and Type I with fly ash, were evaluated. Cement mortar specimens were exposed to six sulphate concentrations, namely 0, 1, 1·5, 2, 2·5 and 4%. The sulphate attack was evaluated by visual inspection and change in length. The results indicated that the intensity of sulphate attack is a function of: (a) cement type; (b) sulphate concentration, and (c) exposure period. Expansive cracking was the main mode of failure of mortar specimens exposed to sodium sulphate solution. Among plain and blended cements, sulphate resistance of Type I cement mortar specimens was very low, even at low concentration of sodium sulphate. Type V, Type I blended with silica fume, and Type I blended with fly ash cements performed better than Type I cement. Among the blended cements, the sulphate resistance of fly ash cement mortar specimens was better than that of silica fume cement mortar specimens. This can be attributed to the reduction in Ca(OH)2and C3A due to a higher replacement (20%) of cement, which are essential for the formation of the secondary ettringite.