bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Biaya Tambahan (Demurrage) di Perusahaan Keagenan Kapal Akibat Penundaan Penerbitan Surat Persetujuan Berlayar (SPB) (Studi Pada PT. Adi Bahari Nuansa Banten)
Authors: Indriyani Indrayani , Anggoro Retno
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui terjadinya demurrage akibat dari keterlambatan penerbitan Surat Persetujuan Berlayar (SPB). Objek dari penelitian ini adalah perusahaan keagenan kapal yang berlokasi di Banten. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang disajikan secara deskriptif dengan menarasikan hasil dari pengamatan pada PT. Adi Bahari Nuansa Banten serta dilengkapi dengan data- data terkait dengan masalah yang diakibatkan adanya proses shifting kapal dan faktor cuaca buruk yang berdampak terhadap keterlambatan penerbitan SPB. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses shifting kapal dan faktor cuaca buruk berdampak pada keterlambatan penerbitan SPB dan menyebabkan terjadinya demurrage. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan observasi langsung ke lapangan dan melakukan wawancara secara acak kepada pihak yang terkait dalam proses kegiatan bongkar di PT. Adi Bahari Nuansa Banten. Hasil dari pengamatan langsung dan wawancara diperoleh data bahwa kedua variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu shifting kapal dan faktor cuaca yang buruk berdampak terhadap penundaan proses penerbitan SPB kapal dan berdampak terhadap munculnya demurrage atau biaya tambahan yang harus dikeluarkan oleh pihak kapal kepada pihak pengelola pelabuhan
Analisis Faktor Penggunaan Modal dan Teknologi Melaut dalam Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pendapatan Nelayan di Kabupaten Cilacap
Authors: Cahyandi Kristian , Hendrawan Andi
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat permodalan dan pemanfaatan teknologi penangkapan ikan dalam pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan pendapatan nelayan di Kabupaten Cilacap dengan mengambil sampel penelitian di Kecamatan Cilacap Selatan dengan populasi masyarakat nelayan terbesar diantara 24 kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Cilacap. . Data yang digunakan adalah data primer melalui wawancara langsung dengan responden dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari kantor BPS dan Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan Kabupaten Cilacap, dengan menggunakan Regresi Linier Berganda, dengan sampel sebanyak 100 responden dari keanggotaan HNSI Cabang Cilacap. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa faktor permodalan dan pemanfaatan teknologi dalam penangkapan ikan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan masyarakat nelayan di Kabupaten Cilacap. Diantara modal dan teknologi, faktor teknologi yang paling berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pendapatan nelayan di Kabupaten Cilacap.
Desain Diameter Pipa secara Matematis pada Pembangkit Listrik Panas Laut (Oceans Thermal Energy Conversion)
Authors: Hendrawan Andi , Lusiani Lusiani , Hendrawan Aji K.
Published: October 2022

Isu energi terbarukan merupakan hal yang sering diperbincangkan, terutama karena cadangan minyak bumi yang semakin menipis, pasokan listrik yang sangat diperlukan untuk pembangunan infrastruktur yang berkelanjutan. Salah satu sumber energi terbarukan adalah marine thermal energy conversion system (OTEC). Energi terbarukan pada waktunya akan menjadi andalan energi nasional dan dunia karena dalam lima puluh tahun akan terjadi krisis energi. Sumber energi OTEC muncul kembali karena kekhawatiran akan terjadi krisis energi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan model matematis dari desain Popa OTEC. Desain OTEC tidak terlepas dari perangkat plumbing, baik pipa air dingin, air hangat maupun air NH3. Penelitian ini merupakan model matematis desain pipa pada pembangkit listrik tenaga termal laut. Penelitian diawali dengan tinjauan pustaka, yaitu penelitian sebelumnya tentang OTEC (oceans thermal energy coversion). Hasil dari penelitian adalah penentuan rumus diameter yang digunakan untuk menentukan diameter pipa, baik untuk diamater pipa air laut dingin, air laut hangat maupun pipa  NH3  atau amoniak. Desain apat dipergunakan untuk penentuan variabel diamater pipa dengan variasi debit dan kecepatan aliran.
Новый технологический уклад и российская экономика
Authors: Григорьев Евгений Алексеевич , Варакса Анна Михайловна
Published: October 2022

Технологическое развитие за последние 20–25 лет сделало колоссальный прорыв, который постепенно приводит к полной перестройке всей мировой экономики и к изменению условий проживания всех жителей Земли. Этот прорыв представляет собой четвертую промышленную революцию, совместившую технологии цифрового, химического и физического прогресса. Поскольку это явление – принципиально новое как в общественной, так и в экономической жизни цивилизации, его осмысление и анализ только начинаются. Поэтому рассмотрение изменения технологического уклада с позиции экономических интересов России представляется нам весьма актуальным и нужным. Целью исследования выступает анализ нового технологического уклада и перспективы российской экономики на фоне этого процесса. В статье анализируются работы современных европейский и российских авторов по вопросу шестого технологического уклада. В статье указываются главные характеристики технологических укладов и даётся описание нового уклада. Рассматриваются основные факторы хозяйственной жизни, которые непосредственно влияют на экономическое развитие России, а также исследуется влияние этих факторов на функционирование отечественной экономики. В ходе исследования подвергается сомнению тезис, что Россия традиционно отставала в инновациях, и обосновывается, как национальная экономика может вписаться в шестой технологический уклад. Подчеркивается важность военно-промышленного комплекса для инновационного роста. С учётом всех рассмотренных факторов делается вывод, что у России есть предпосылки, чтобы вписаться в мировую экономическую систему нового технологического уклада.
Дифференциальные характеристики и семантические признаки англоязычных заимствованных терминов из области косметологии в русском и македонском языках
Authors: Ромашина Ольга Юрьевна , Трендевска Сандра
Published: October 2022

Авторы рассматривают процесс проникновения заимствованных косметологических терминов в русский и английский языки, способы трансляции их в названные языки и анализируют эти термины с точки зрения взаимодействия языковой картины мира. В фокусе внимания находится изучение синтаксического функционирования таких терминов, совпадения и отклонения от языковых правил русского и македонского языков. Показано, что косметические термины постоянно появляются в языках, так как эта отрасль является высоко востребованной, и не только путем заимствования, но также и путем рассмотрения семантической структуры исконных слов. Существуют различные способы передачи значения заимствованных слов, среди них наиболее частотными средствами передачи является транскрипция, транслитерация и калькирование. Но есть случаи, когда необходимо использовать описательные методы передачи значения терминов, исходя из особенностей семантико-синтаксической организации русского и македонского языков.
Effects of exposure of wheat plants to metronidazole
Authors:   University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Calea București 107i, Craiova, Romania, Ciobanu Georgeta , Ionescu Cătălina ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Calea București 107i,Craiova, Romania Craiova, Romania, Munteanu Alexandra-Andreea ,   University of Craiova, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Calea București 107i, Craiova, Romania
Published: October 2022

2-weeks-old wheat plants were exposed to metronidazole by transferring to Hoagland solutions containing between 10 and 100 mg antibiotic per liter. Plants evaluation after 7 days of treatment revealed a moderate inhibition of their growth at high concentrations of metronidazole, whose probability of appearing in natural environments is low. Biochemical parameters, such as the activity of soluble peroxidases, and the concentration of soluble proteins and glucose in the roots of the plants, didn’t show wide variations in the metronidazole exposed plants compared to the non-exposed ones. Also, leaf chlorophylls and carotenoids concentrations didn’t differ markedly in the exposed plants compared to the unexposed ones, although a redistribution of the pigments in the leaf was noticed. Thus, we concluded that wheat plants didn’t experience a major stress, probably due to the limited absorption and activation of metronidazole.
The use of X-ray spectrometry in forensic expertise. Dental alloy control
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania, Bunget Adina , Bîcă Monica Delia ,   University „Constantin Brâncuși”, Târgu Jiu, Romania, Bărbăcioru Iuliana Carmen ,   University „Constantin Brâncuși”, Târgu Jiu, Romania, Chirigiu Liviu ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania, Chirigiu Larisa-Marina-Elisabeth ,   University „Constantin Brâncuși”, Târgu Jiu, Romania
Published: October 2022

The analysis of dental materials in forensic investigations is very important. Identifying the victims of accidents or attacks sometimes requires the analysis of their dentures. In this paper, X-ray spectrometry was used as a method to determine the chemical composition of a dental material. In this case, it was established that it was a dental alloy (Cr-Ni-Mo) with a percentage composition of 23.58% Cr, 64.32% Ni and 10.82% Mo.
Tính sẵn sàng ứng phó với COVID-19 của nhân viên y tế Việt Nam năm 2021
Authors: Xuân Lê Thị Thanh , Thảo Nguyễn Thanh , Anh Nguyễn Ngọc , Quân Phạm Thị , Hương Phan Thị Mai , Doanh Nguyễn Quốc , Nhung Tạ Thị Kim , Anh Lương Mai , Huyền Nguyễn Thị Thu , Hương Nguyễn Thị Liên , Quỳnh Nguyễn Thị
Published: October 2022

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện nhằm mô tả tính sẵn sàng ứng phó với COVID-19 của nhân viên y tế Việt Nam năm 2021. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện trên 1603 đối tượng tại một số cơ sở y tế tại Việt Nam từ tháng 5/2021 đến tháng 5/2022. Kết quả cho thấy hầu hết đối tượng nghiên cứu tự tin và sẵn sàng tham gia phòng chống COVID-19 (lần lượt là 97,9% và 93,4%). Đa số nhân viên y tế mong muốn được hỗ trợ về trang thiết bị bảo hộ cá nhân (82,2%), tài chính (70,4%) và đào tạo chuyên môn (64,1%). Trực phòng chống COVID-19, được đào tạo về chăm sóc, điều trị và dự phòng COVID-19 là những yếu tố liên quan đến tính sẵn sàng ứng phó của nhân viên y tế với COVID-19.
Đa hình đơn nucleotide rs3077 của gen HLA-DP trên bệnh nhân xơ gan nhiễm virus viêm gan B
Authors: Long Nguyễn Tiến , Khánh Trần Vân , Tú Hồ Cẩm , Thu Vũ Thị Hoài , Văn Tạ Thành , Thúy Nguyễn Thu
Published: October 2022

Hệ thống gen kháng nguyên bạch cầu người (Human leukocyte antigen - HLA) mã hóa các protein thụ thể bề mặt tế bào, chịu trách nhiệm điều hòa hoạt động hệ miễn dịch. Đa hình đơn nucleotide (SNP) rs3077 của gen HLA-DP được cho là có vai trò trong nhiễm virus viêm gan B (HBV) và bảo vệ chống lại giai đoạn muộn của quá trình xơ gan. Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích xác định sự phân bố của SNP rs3077 trên bệnh nhân xơ gan nhiễm HBV và mối liên quan giữa SNP này với nguy cơ xơ gan. Kỹ thuật Realtime-PCR được sử dụng để xác định SNP rs3077 trên bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán xơ gan nhiễm HBV và viêm gan B mạn tính. Tỉ lệ kiểu gen AA, AG, GG của SNP rs3077 ở nhóm xơ gan và viêm gan B lần lượt là 5,1%, 39,7%, 55,1% và 11,2%, 38,8%, 50,0%. Tần số các alen và kiểu gen rs3077 của hai nhóm không khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê. Như vậy, chưa tìm thấy mối liên quan giữa SNP rs3077 với nguy cơ xơ gan trên nền viêm gan B mạn tính.
Nghiên cứu độc tính cấp và bán trường diễn của viên nang cứng An Phụ Khang Plus trên động vật thực nghiệm
Authors: Hiên Đặng Thị Thu , Tùng Trần Thanh
Published: October 2022

Nghiên cứu độc tính cấp được đánh giá trên chuột nhắt trắng theo hướng dẫn của WHO và xác định LD50 theo phương pháp Litchfield - Wilcoxon. Độc tính bán trường diễn của viên nang cứng An Phụ Khang Plus (APKP) tiến hành trên chuột cống trắng, trong đó, chuột được chia làm 3 lô: chứng sinh học, lô uống APKP liều 0,745 g/kg/ngày và 2,235 g/kg/ngày trong vòng 4 tuần. Chuột được lấy máu ở các thời điểm trước nghiên cứu, sau 2 tuần và 4 tuần nghiên cứu để đánh giá chức năng tạo máu. Giải phẫu bệnh gan, thận được đánh giá tại thời điểm kết thúc nghiên cứu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: Chuột nhắt trắng được uống đến liều tối đa 38,8 g/kg không có biểu hiện độc tính cấp, chưa xác định được LD50 của APKP. Nghiên cứu độc tính bán tr­ường diễn ở 2 mức liều không có sự thay đổi về tình trạng chung, chức năng tạo máu, chức năng và cấu trúc thận trên chuột cống trong thời gian nghiên cứu. Tuy nhiên, thay đổi mô bệnh học gan được quan sát ở liều cao, cần có nghiên cứu sâu hơn để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của APKP trên mô bệnh học của gan.
Thực trạng quản lý huyết áp, đường máu và lipid máu ở người bệnh động mạch vành sau đặt stent tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa tỉnh Thanh Hóa
Authors: Hương Hoàng Thị Thu , Đạt Trịnh Quốc , Thanh Hồ Thị Kim
Published: October 2022

Mô tả thực trạng quản lý đa yếu tố nguy cơ tim mạch bao gồm huyết áp, đường máu và Lipid máu ở bệnh nhân sau đặt stent động mạch vành. Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 128 người có bệnh động mạch vành sau đặt stent tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa tỉnh Thanh Hóa. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy 10,2% trường hợp kiểm soát đạt mục tiêu đồng thời ba yếu tố, 48,4% đạt ít nhất 2 yếu tố và 12,5% không đạt mục tiêu nào. Tỷ lệ người bệnh kiểm soát tốt huyết áp và cả 3 yếu tố nguy cơ có xu hướng tăng dần theo tuổi (p < 0,05). Người bệnh thừa cân béo phì có tỷ lệ kiểm soát đường máu đạt mục tiêu thấp hơn so với nhóm BMI bình thường (p < 0,05). Nữ giới có xu hướng quản lý yếu tố nguy cơ tim mạch trên kém hơn so với nam giới, đặc biệt trong kiểm soát Glucose và Lipid máu. Như vậy, tỷ lệ quản lý đa yếu tố nguy cơ tim mạch ở người bệnh có bệnh động mạch vành sau đặt stent còn thấp và có liên quan đến tuổi và giới tính.
Đánh giá tác dụng của viên nang cứng Dạ dày Tuệ Tĩnh trên mô hình loét dạ dày - tá tràng bằng cysteamin ở động vật thực nghiệm
Authors: Sự Phạm Quốc , Hồng Tô Lê , Tùng Phạm Thanh , Phương Trần Thị Thúy , Vân Anh Phạm Thị , Hiên Đặng Thị Thu
Published: October 2022

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá tác dụng của viên nang cứng Dạ dày Tuệ Tĩnh trên mô hình gây viêm loét dạ dày - tá tràng bằng cysteamin thực nghiệm. Chuột cống trắng được chia thành 5 lô: lô 1 (chứng sinh học) và lô 2 (mô hình) uống nước cất; lô 3 (esomeprazol 10 mg/kg), lô 4 (DDTT liều 0,252 g/kg) và lô 5 (DDTT liều 0,756 g/kg). Chuột ở các lô được uống nước cất, thuốc và mẫu thử liên tục trong thời gian 7 ngày. Vào ngày thứ 7, chuột được uống cysteamin liều 400 mg/kg. Đánh giá tỷ lệ chuột có viêm loét dạ dày - tá tràng, chỉ số loét trung bình, khả năng ức chế loét giữa các lô. Đánh giá đại thể và vi thể dạ dày - tá tràng tại thời điểm kết thúc nghiên cứu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cysteamin gây loét dạ dày tá tràng ở 100% chuột của lô mô hình. DDTT cả 2 mức liều có xu hướng làm giảm số chuột bị loét, số ổ loét trung bình, chỉ số loét. Tổn thương trên đại thể và vi thể cải thiện hơn so với lô mô hình. Như vậy, viên nang cứng Dạ dày Tuệ Tĩnh xu hướng có tác dụng chống loét dạ dày tá tràng do cysteamin gây ra trên động vật thực nghiệm.
Tác dụng chống viêm, giảm đau họng của viên nang mềm Tecan trên bệnh nhân viêm họng cấp do virus tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội
Authors: Hằng Vũ Việt , Đào Phạm Thị Bích , Quyên Trần Thị Minh
Published: October 2022

Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá tác dụng chống viêm, giảm đau họng của viên nang mềm Tecan trên bệnh nhân viêm họng cấp do virus. 60 bệnh nhân được chia 2 nhóm: nhóm I gồm 30 bệnh nhân dùng giả dược, nhóm II gồm 30 bệnh nhân được điều trị bằng viên nang mềm Tecan. Kết quả cho thấy: Sau 7 ngày điều trị, tình trạng viêm và đau họng ở cả 2 nhóm đều giảm so với trước điều trị có ý nghĩa thống kê với p < 0,05. Sự cải thiện các triệu chứng ở nhóm II hiệu quả hơn nhóm I có ý nghĩa thống kê với p < 0,05.
Tác dụng giảm đau và chống viêm cấp của viên nang mềm Tecan trên thực nghiệm
Authors: Hằng Vũ Việt , Vân Anh Phạm Thị
Published: October 2022

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá tác dụng giảm đau và chống viêm cấp của viên nang mềm Tecan (chiết xuất từ rễ xạ can) trên thực nghiệm. Các mô hình gây quặn đau bằng acid acetic và mô hình mâm nóng được sử dụng để đánh giá tác dụng giảm đau của Tecan trên chuột nhắt trắng chủng Swiss. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy viên nang mềm Tecan liều 1,44 viên/kg (tương đương 187,2 mg/kg) và 4,32 viên/kg (tương đương 561,6 mg/kg) đã thể hiện tác dụng giảm đau ngoại vi do làm giảm đáng kể số cơn quặn đau bụng do acid acetic gây ra. Đối với tác dụng chống viêm cấp, thử nghiệm gây viêm màng bụng bằng carrageenin và formaldehyd trên chuột cống trắng chủng Wistar đã được tiến hành. Thể tích dịch rỉ viêm và số lượng bạch cầu trong dịch rỉ viêm đã giảm đáng kể ở các lô uống Tecan liều 0,72 viên/kg (tương đương 93,6 mg/kg) và 2,16 viên/kg (tương đương 280,8 mg/kg). Các số liệu nghiên cứu thực nghiệm trên đã chỉ ra rằng, viên nang mềm có tác dụng giảm đau ngoại vi và tác dụng chống viêm cấp trên thực nghiệm.
Kết quả của "Sài hồ sơ can tán" kết hợp "Ô bối tán" trong điều trị hội chứng trào ngược dạ dày thực quản
Authors: Tú Nguyễn Thị Thanh , Yến Lý Hải
Published: October 2022

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá tác dụng của bài thuốc "Sài hồ sơ can tán" kết hợp "Ô bối tán" trong điều trị hội chứng trào ngược dạ dày thực quản và theo dõi tác dụng không mong muốn của bài thuốc trên lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng Nghiên cứu can thiệp, so sánh trước sau và có đối chứng. 60 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán hội chứng trào ngược dạ dày thực quản được chia thành hai nhóm đảm bảo tương đồng về tuổi, giới, mức độ trào ngược theo thang điểm GERD - Q. Nhóm nghiên cứu được sử dụng bài thuốc "Sài hồ sơ can tán" kết hợp "Ô bối tán" liều dùng 39 g/ngày, nhóm đối chứng sử dụng Lomec (Omeprazol) liều dùng 40 mg/ngày, thời gian điều trị 1 tháng. Kết quả cho thấy điểm trung bình các triệu chứng của hội chứng trào ngược dạ dày thực quản và điểm trung bình GERD - Q của hai nhóm đều giảm có ý nghĩa thống kê so với trước điều trị (p < 0,05) và không có sự khác biệt giữa hai nhóm (p > 0,05). Chưa thấy tác dụng không mong muốn của bài thuốc trên lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng.
Yếu tố liên quan đến ngừng điều trị nghiện chất dạng thuốc phiện bằng buprenorphine tại ba tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc, Việt Nam
Authors: Thúy Đào Thị Diệu , Anh Vũ Minh , Thúy Đinh Thị Thanh , Trang Nguyễn Thu , Giang Lê Minh
Published: October 2022

Sử dụng thiết kế nghiên cứu thuần tập, nghiên cứu mô tả yếu tố nguy cơ của ngừng điều trị nghiện chất dạng thuốc phiện bằng buprenorphine. Đối tượng nghiên cứu gồm 130 bệnh nhân điều trị buprenorphine tại 3 tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc, Việt Nam. Tiêu chuẩn lựa chọn: từ 16 tuổi trở lên, khởi liều buprenorphine trong giai đoạn từ tháng 9/2019 - 12/2019, và đồng ý tham gia nghiên cứu. Nguồn dữ liệu gồm trích lục bệnh án hàng tháng từ khi khởi liều đến hết tháng 12/2020 và phỏng vấn trực tiếp bằng bộ câu hỏi cấu trúc tại hai mốc thời gian: tháng 6/2020 và 9/2020. Kết quả cho thấy tỷ lệ ngừng điều trị buprenorphine cộng dồn ở mốc 6 tháng, 9 tháng và 12 tháng sau khi bắt đầu điều trị tương ứng là 11,5%, 21,5% và 26,2%. Tuổi cao (aOR = 0,9; 95%CI: 0,87 - 0,97), nhận được nhiều lần tư vấn tại phòng khám điều trị (aOR = 0,25; 95%CI: 0,12 - 0,52) là các yếu tố làm giảm nguy cơ bỏ điều trị buprenorphine. Trong khi đó, nữ giới có nguy cơ ngừng điều trị cao hơn nam giới (aOR = 4,2; 95%CI: 1,06 - 16,69). Nghiên cứu nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của hoạt động tư vấn tại phòng khám trong việc duy trì bệnh nhân điều trị nghiện chất. Cần thêm các nghiên cứu tìm hiểu yếu tố nguy cơ của bỏ trị và cải thiện tỷ lệ duy trì điều trị nghiện chất bằng buprenorphine.
Maternal Breastfeeding Methods, Breastmilk-Derived Antibodies and Cells Concentrations and Their Impact on Infant Morbidity: Results from a Prospective Cohort in Southern Benin
Authors: Lokossou Gatien AG , Adjevi Pierre B , Maladé Omar AK , Azonnakpo Julien , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: October 2022

Breastfeeding is associated with long-term well-being including low risks for infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases such as asthma, cancer, autoimmune diseases and obesity during childhood. However, very few studies assessed the real-impact of different methods of breastfeeding on infant morbidity in low-income countries such as Benin. Our study aimed to evaluate the dynamic change of immune components and the impact on infant morbidity among Beninese children population. Seventy-six children and their mothers were enrolled in colostrum, transitional and mature milk groups at the District Hospital of Comè in Bénin. Breast milk samples were collected one-time from mothers to assess total IgA, IgG and IgM and leukocytes by using spectrophotometry and level of microscopy, respectively. Mean or proportion comparisons were appreciated using a Mann-Whitney or Fisher’s exact tests, when appropriate. Forty (54.63%), six (7.89%) and thirty (39.47%) mother-infant pairs were enrolled in colostrum, transitional and mature milk groups respectively. The total number of leucocytes and antibodies were different in colostrum, transitional and mature milk. The prevalence of breastfeeding was 90.79% (n=69) in the population with 69.74% (n=53) of exclusive breastfed. Forty-five infants (84.91%) among exclusively breastfed infants were healthy whereas 4 (25%) among mixed breastfed infants and 4 (57.14%) among formula group were healthy (p=0.001). The total leucocytes count and IgA, IgG and IgM concentration decreases from colostrum through transition milk to mature milk. Our data showed a prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding which is associated to a positive clinical outcome on infant’s health. We have also confirmed decrease of antibodies and leucocytes during the maturation of breast milk.
Fruitless Search for Coherence: A Transcultural Perspective on Netflix’s Adaptation of Empresses in the Palace
Authors: Li Wanlin
Published: October 2022

Structuralist narratology, which has played an instrumental part in the historical development of adaptation studies, now faces increasing criticism from culturally oriented scholars for its disregard of contextual factors. My essay argues that postclassical developments of narratology, which recognize culture as a powerful shaping force of narrative form, can effectively address the enduring bifurcation between formal and cultural approaches in adaptation studies. It uses the transpacific adaptation of a Chinese TV drama, renamed Empresses in the Palace by its Netflix adapters, as a case study to show how some of the important narrative transmutations are both motivated by and symptomatic of clashes between specific aspects of the Chinese and the American cultures. My discussion demonstrates that transcultural comparisons can not only foster understanding of adaptations as cultural encounters with inevitable narrative consequences, but also open up new space for the appreciation of other cultures, and provide fresh perspectives on one’s own cultural and narrative traditions.
Othered Temporalities and Possibilities: The Question of Narrative Synthesis in Paul Ricoeur’s Hermeneutics and Anthony Doerr’sAbout Grace
Authors: Tan Ian
Published: October 2022

This article examines the synthetic function of narrative temporality as presented in Paul Ricoeur’s Time and Narrative. By critically analyzing the applicability of Ricoeur’s conclusions about literary narratives as temporalizing worldhood to contemporary fiction, the author argues that an alternative conception of narrative time is needed to supplement Ricoeur’s homogenizing of the link between the literary treatment of time and historical interpretation. By examining the ways in which multiple scales of temporality intersect and fray against one another in Anthony Doerr’s novel About Grace, the author probe the limitations and possibilities of a Ricoeurian analysis of narrative temporality in terms of a fracturing of existential modes of comportment toward a lifeworld under threat from human exploitation. By reevaluating Ricoeur’s hermeneutical arguments, the author argues that instead of fusion, it is discordance that characterizes both the openness and fragility of contemporary fiction’s treatment of worldhood and temporal experience.
Fictional Worlds Theory Problematized: Global Logical Impossibilities in Vladimir Nabokov’s Novels
Authors: Lang Mengchen
Published: October 2022

Confronting fictional worlds theory with three novels by Vladimir Nabokov (The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, Pale Fire, and Look at the Harlequins!), the author argues that the theory is problematized by Nabokov’s employment of global logical impossibilities. All three novels elicit fluid, fragmentary imaginations of “fictional worlds”; however, by requiring readers to juggle between several logically incompatible interpretations of characters and plots without reaching any synthesis, Nabokov refuses to let these imaginations of “worlds” solidify into fictional worlds in the theoretical sense. This obstruction of world-creation challenges the analytical power of fictional worlds theory and questions some of its basic assumptions. A further examination of three solutions that the theory proposes for logical impossibility shows that they fail to account for cases like Nabokov’s without undermining the soundness or status of the theory itself. This problematization ultimately points to an alternative perception of fiction as a means of real-world communication.
Role of Calcium in Development of Early Childhood Dental Caries
Authors: Ali Nusrat , Yunus Faryal , Siddique Sobia , Tahir Huma , Ullah Ubaid , Saad Maliha
Published: October 2022

Objective: To deduce association of dental caries with hypocalcaemia. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place & Duration: Islamic Dental hospital Islamabad, from September 2020 to February 2021. Materials and Methods: Eighty children were carefully chosen for this study, their ages were between 2-8 years. They were eighty in number and were placed into two groups. In group 1 children with compromised dental health were placed and their number was sixty. In group 2 children with healthy dentition were included and they were twenty in number. The degree of caries was calculated by following the standards given by WHO. For finding the statistically significant association between dental caries and hypocalcaemia Chi-square test was used. Results: Results have established that dental caries is prevalent in children with hypocalcemia. Chi-square analysis has indicated that in children with hypocalcemia and with hypoplastic tooth surfaces, more non-cavitated and cavitated carious lesions, filled surfaces and missing teeth were found than in children with normal calcium levels and having sound enamel surfaces and well-formed teeth (p = 0.01). This cross-sectional study has showed that caries, hypoplastic tooth surfaces, poorly mineralized teeth and early childhood dental caries are strongly correlated. Conclusion: It can be established seen that caries, hypocalcaemia, hypoplastic tooth surfaces and poorly mineralized teeth are correlated. Keywords: Decayed, Missed, Filled Teeth (dmft), 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D (25OHD
Difference of Clotting Time and Bleeding Time in the ABO Blood Groups
Authors: Khan Munazza , Din Zafarud , Haq Noor Ul , Farooq Saba , Hasan Fareeha
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Blood group, clotting time (CT) and bleeding time (BT) are vital haematological parameters that are tested prior to any surgery. Blood groups are associated with various diseases and blood group "O" linked with nose bleeds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between CT and BT between various blood groups and to find differences in gender among these parameters. Study Design: A cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration: In the department of Physiology and Medicine, MTI LRH, Peshawar Pakistan for one-year duration from March 2021 to February 2022. Methods: This study was held amongst the 200 healthy individuals. The agglutination method is used for blood grouping, capillary tube method for CT and Dukes method for BT. Mean clotting and bleeding times (in seconds) were compared. Results: The study was conducted among 200 individuals (120 men, 80 women) aged 20-25 years. Although the changes were not statistically significant, the values of CT and BT were higher in blood group O, less BT in type B and AB blood grouping had lowest CT (p> 0.17). Women had greater CT and BT values than men (p values <0.001). There was also a significant association between the clotting time and bleeding time (Pearson's correlation coefficient, p = 0.512, p <0.001). Conclusion: The conducted analysis showed a propensity to a greater jeopardy of haemorrhagic conditions and a lesser risk of thrombotic events in ‘’O’’ blood group in comparison to groups AB, A or B. A multicentre, bigger population study with an importance on determining plasma vWF levels may be useful for confirming results, identifying risk groups and taking preventive measures early. Keywords: Bleeding time (BT), ABO blood group, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and Clotting time (CT).
A Descriptive Investigation of the Prevalence of Neurological Disorders in People Treated Hemodialysis for End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Hanan Saad , Sardar Waqas , Khan Raza Muhammad , Haseeb Abdul , Khan Sajjad Ali , Khan Muhammad Younas
Published: October 2022

Objectives: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were receiving hemodialysis were the subjects of a study to determine the neurological effects of the treatment. Methodology: ESRD patients at the Institute of kidney diseases hayatabad peshawar were the subjects of this descriptive research, which ran from jan to Dec 2021. Before participating in the trial, all Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients had been on Hemodialysis (HD) for at least six months. HD patients were monitored for a total of six months in this study. Neurological events were observed and recorded at this period. All patients on HD, regardless of gender or age, were included in this research, which was conducted between the ages of 17 and 77. In this research, patients under the age of 15 years, those with acute renal failure, congestive cardiac failure, cirrhosis of the liver, malignancy, disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis, meningitis, or encephalitis, were all ruled out as candidates for inclusion. The data was analysed using SPSS version 2.2. Results: Intradialytic hypotension, Cerebrovascular accident, Encephalopathy, Dialysis dementia, Neuropathy, Dialysis disequilibrium, Reversible leukoencephalopathy, Central pontine myelinosis, Autonomic dysfunction, and Myopathy were the most common neurological consequences. Conclusions: Our patients on hemodialysis suffer from the most prevalent neurological complication: Intradialytic hypotension. While the long-term result and prognosis of this group may be affected by cerebrovascular illnesses and Dialysis dementias, it is important to examine them as soon as possible. Keywords: neurological problems, (ESRD),frequency, hemodialysis , end-stage renal disease.
Dynamic Compression Plating Versus Interlocking Nail Procedure for Fracture Shaft of Humerus; A Comparative Study
Authors: Khan Zahir , Iqbal Malik Javed , Khan Haziq-Dad
Published: October 2022

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of dynamic compression plating against interlocking nail technique for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place & Duration: Department of Orthopedic, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan for the period of two years from April 2020 to October 2021. Methods: Fifty six patients (18-65 years old) of both sexes were included in the study because they had a humeral shaft fracture. The patients were randomly split into two groups. Both the dynamic compression plating group (n = 28) and the interlocking nail group (n = 28) received treatment. Radiographic examination both before and after surgery were performed. At the 12-day post-operative, complications following the operation were observed. The NEERs criteria were used to analyse the results of the functional assessments. Follow-up was taken at 6 months postoperatively. Results: Mean age of patients was 41.46±10.74 years. 42 (75%) patients were males while 25% were females. Road traffic accident was the most common cause found in 37 (66.07%) patients. Mean union time in DCP and INL group was 11.62±3.05 and 13.54±4.73 weeks. Shoulder stiffness was the commonest complication in both groups. At final follow up, in DCP group 24 (85.71%), 2 (7.14%) and 2 (7.14%) patients had excellent, good and fair outcomes, while in group B (INL) 19 (67.86%), 5 (17.86%) and 4 (14.29%) patients had excellent, good and fair outcomes. No significant difference was found in both groups regarding functional outcomes. Patients satisfaction was high in DCP group as compared to INL. Conclusion: Dynamic compression plating shows better outcomes in term of union time, complications and functional outcomes as compared to interlocking nail Technique. Keywords: Dynamic Compression Plating, Interlocking Nailing, Fracture Shaft of Humerus
Post Operative Outcomes of Single Versus Two Miniplates for Management of Condylar Fractures
Authors: Devi Geeta , Manzoor Usman , Hashim Muhammad Hamza , Punjabi Suneel Kumar , Ahmed Khursheed , . Bharti , Shams Salman
Published: October 2022

Objective: To compare the outcomes in patients with single versus two miniplates for condylar fracture. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry LUMHS, Jamshoro. The duration of study was 6 months after the approval of the synopsis. Methodology: 40 people in all were included in the trial. A single miniplate was used for Group A's treatment, whereas two miniplates were used for Group B's treatment. Clinical assessment, orthopantomogram (OPG), a P.A. image of the face, and, if necessary, a 3D CT scan will be used to make the diagnosis of condylar fracture.The data was analysed by SPSS version 21 Results: Results of this investigation indicated that the preoperative evaluation of the variables including malocclusion, mouth opening, protrusive movement, and lateral movement revealed greater values, but much less means were found in postoperative examination. ANOVA is done one method to compare the means between preoperative and postoperative malocclusion. The statistical comparison is significant at less than 5%. The examination of platform fracture or bending occurs after the operation, which demonstrates that 92.5% of the population without platform fracture, while 7.5% exhibit platform fracture after surgery. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is indicated that two miniplates with less complicated fixing are superior to a single miniplate. Keywords: condylar fracture, single miniplates, double miniplate, treatment of condylar fracture, post-operative outcomes of condylar fracture.
Comparing the Difference on Inflow of Patients in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department before and During Covid-19
Authors: . Vishal, , . Rampershad , Raza Ali , Memon Ghulam Nabi , Vohra Muhammad Waleed , Punjabi Suneel Kumar
Published: October 2022

Objective: To Compare the difference on the inflow of patients before and during COVID-19 on the patients presented at oral & maxillofacial surgery at Advance Dental Care Centre, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Materials &Methods: Medical statistics have been collected for the patients who visited the Advance dental care centre, Liaquat university of medical and health sciences between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020. The data collected included age, gender, and extraction of teeth. SPSS version 20.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Of all the patients who visited, 3715 were females and 2571 were males, with a female to male ratio of 1.2:1. The youngest patient was 15 years old, and the oldest was 60 years old. The most common cause among patients in 2019 and 2020 was periodontal problems. Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic affected the population, pattern of oral diseases, its services, and the frequency of visits to advance dental care centre the proportions of patients who were adolescents and elderly people increased, meanwhile the percentage of the conservative treatments increased during the outbreak of COVID-19. Keywords: COVID -19, Tooth extraction; Periodontal disease, Prophylactic antibiotics.
Perspective of Parental Satisfaction with Academia of Children with Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Ashraf Maham , Khan Muhammad Azzam , Saeed Bareera , Aziz Saba , Masood Fahad , Ahmed Muhammad , Chugtai Arslan Saleem
Published: October 2022

Background: Down syndrome is the disorder in which physical, mental, and functional deformity is present due to trisomy twenty one, the existence of three chromosomes instead of two normal chromosomes in human genome. Children who have intellectual disability they have neurodevelopmental deficit regards to limited in intellectual operation and adaptive behaviors. One of the safeguards variables as a favorable adaptability to a challenging conditions, like managing a handicapped kid, is marital satisfaction. Higher levels of marital happiness are linked to reduce depression levels, less parenting stress, and better parental planning (Kersh, Hedvat, Hauser-Cram, & Warfield, 2006) Objective(s): To find out parental satisfaction with academia of Down syndrome and Intellectual disability in Pakistan. Methodology: A standardized tool PSCDDI is used and data were collected from special education school of Lahore and Gujranwala city. Data were collected from 385 parents of down syndrome and intellectual disable child parents through questionnaire which were provided to parents and take their opinion. After data collected we analyze the data and concluded the results. Results: In this study we find out that parents are unsatisfied to academic performance of their child most of child and most of the parents are not sure and disagree. Down syndrome child are 38.9% and 60.9% child were intellectual disable and they are all in pre to 3rd grade. Most of the child were in the age range of 5- 8 years. The parents of DS and ID child have non-Consaginous marriage is 53.6% and 46.4% are Consaginous marriage. Conclusion(s): The overall study of parental satisfaction towards the developmental disability of their children shows unsatisfaction. . In Pakistan parents who have their children with disability faced many challenges in society. Keyword: Down syndrome, intellectual disability, parental satisfaction, academia
Post Covid-19 Complications of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Among Healthcare Professionals Working in Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore Pakistan
Authors: Anayat Ayesha , Naz Maryam , Amjad Sohail , Tanveer Hamza , Fakhr Fakhra
Published: October 2022

Background: Growing evidence shows that a significant number of patients with COVID-19 experience prolonged symptoms, known as Long COVID. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, can involve sequelae that last weeks to months after initial recovery. The objective of this study is to assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19 and estimate the prevalence of each symptom of patients at a post-COVID-19 stage. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the frequency of post COVID effects among symptomatic and asymptomatic patients at a tertiary hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the population (such as doctors, nurses, paramedical staff, students and faculty) at a tertiary hospital Lahore, Pakistan. This study included 30 participants and the collected data had been checked, coded, entered and exported at SPSS version 25 for analysis. Pearson chi square test was used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: Among 30 participants, no one show symptoms of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and visual problems during COVID-19 and after recovery.8 patients were asymptomatic and 22patients were symptomatic which shows post COVID effects such as which include dyspnea (67.7%), mental confusion (26.7%), tiredness (93%), chest pain (16.7%), anorexia(26%), insomnia(26%), dyspepsia(67%), headache(66.7%), fatigue(50%), fever(10%), loss of smell(33%), weakness(40%), hypoxia on altitude(60%), breathlessness(70%), arthrgia(13.3%), mental confusion(26.7%), post-exertinal malasia(16.7%), sore throat(10%), joint pain(40%) Conclusion: Conclusion based on the study result that most common post-COVID long terms effects are dyspnea, weight loss, mental confusion, anorexia, arthrgia, post-exertinal malsiae, insomnia, fever, hypoxia, breathlessness, sore throat. Symptoms can be controlled by taking proper precautionary measure and strict following on PPE. The problem can only get worse with time if not followed PPE
George Gavan Duffy and the legal consequences of the Anglo Irish Treaty, 1921–1923
Authors: Mohr Thomas
Published: October 2022

George Gavan Duffy (1882–1951) was a signatory of the 1921 ‘Anglo Irish Treaty’. In the 1930s he enjoyed a notable judicial career and would rise to the position of President of the High Court of Ireland. This article examines a more neglected period of Gavan Duffy’s career. It focuses on his brief parliamentary career as a TD in the early 1920s and, in particular, his involvement in the creation of the Constitution of the Irish Free State. This analysis also examines the reasons for the divergence of Gavan Duffy’s position from that held by other signatories and supporters of the 1921 Treaty. By late 1922 Gavan Duffy had emerged as a determined critic of the Provisional Government and of the draft Constitution of the Irish Free State that emerged from negotiations in London. This analysis focuses on Gavan Duffy’s attempts to amend provisions of the draft Constitution that he believed went further than the strict legal demands of the 1921 Treaty. The conclusion assesses Gavan Duffy’s attitude towards the legal consequences of the 1921 Treaty and his attempts to mitigate their impact on the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State.
The impact of proposed intimate image abuse offences on domestic violence and abuse
Authors: Bishop Charlotte
Published: October 2022

This article explores how proposed reforms to the law on intimate image abuse could address situations where intimate images are shared, or threats to share are made, in a relationship where there is domestic violence and abuse (DVA). In exploring the purposes and motivations behind the use of non-consensual intimate images in this context, the harmful impact is demonstrated to be the denial of autonomy and personhood that ‘entraps’ the victim in the relationship. It is essential that this harm, and the underlying motivations of those who use intimate image abuse for this purpose, is made visible under any relevant legislation to ensure that the criminal law effectively condemns and remedies conduct of this kind. It is for this reason that the article concludes that the Law Commission, in its 2021 consultation, was right to consider introducing an offence of ‘intentionally taking or sharing an intimate image without consent with the intent to control or coerce the person depicted’. It is further suggested that this fault element may better reflect the culpability of those who engage in threats to share intimate images and should be introduced not just where images are taken and shared, but also where threats to share such images are made.
Civil Nuclear Deal with the US: Prospects for Pakistan
Authors: Malik Qasim Mustafa
Published: October 2022

Pakistan has emerged as a responsible nuclear weapon state by developing strong credentials in the fields of nuclear safety, security, stability, and has developed a stringent strategic export control system. Pakistan has not only fulfilled its national obligation of safeguarding its national security objectives vis-à-vis India, but it has been also fulfilling its international obligations, to win the trust of the international community. To strengthen its nuclear credentials further, Pakistan wanted to become an effective part of the international Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime (NNPR). The international community, including the US, appreciates Pakistan’s nuclear safety and security standards. One of the important aspects of Pakistan’s credentials is its safe-operational experience of handling peaceful nuclear technology for over 40 years. According to its Energy Vision 2050, Pakistan has established an ambitious plan to develop 40,000 MWe through nuclear power. For that purpose it has been seeking international support and cooperation in the field of peaceful nuclear technology to meet its growing energy demands. Like the Indo-US nuclear deal, Pakistan has also been looking for a similar deal with the US. It has also been seeking a non-discriminatory and criteria-based membership of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), to do a legitimate verifiable peaceful nuclear trade with the advanced nuclear states. With this premise, this research paper is aimed at exploring the questions that why a Pak-US civil nuclear deal is significant for Pakistan? How the US has, so far, responded to the Pakistan’s demand of a nuclear deal? And what are the prospects of a Pak-US civil nuclear deal.
Indian Efforts to Change the Demography of IOK
Authors: Shamsa Nawaz
Published: October 2022

The Federal Home Minister of the government of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Mr. Rajnath Singh, unveiled a plan in April 2015, to settle tens of thousands of non-Kashmiri Hindus in the Muslim dominated disputed territory of Indian Occupied Kashmir (IOK). BJP has long vowed to settle 200,000 to 300,000 Hindus in IOK. The three disclosed and two undisclosed composite Hindu townships for the non-Kashmiris, to be made on the acquired lands of the farmers would be self-contained and heavily guarded. IOK enjoys an independent constitutional status. Article 370 does not allow non-Kashmiris to own land in Kashmir. Modi is well aware that demographics can reshape politics by redrawing the boundaries of population. The decision is akin with the Israeli style settlements in Palestine. It perpetuates the cycle of vicious and unlawful politics. In an ideologically polarised society, the identity-based animus would further gratify the Indian policy of human rights violations and denial to the right of self-determination. Muslims, by far, are a majority with 68.3 per cent of the total population followed by Hindus and Buddhists in IOK. The power of numbers entrenched in democracy would clearly enjoy alliance with prevalent black laws and gradual erosion of Article 370, if settlements are encouraged. Consequently, it would generate more instability in an effort to incorporate IOK politically, ideologically and territorially. With demographics as a crucial factor in any peace building effort, Indo-Pak peace would face uphill struggle even further.
Central Asia’s Quest for Warm Waters: From the Caspian Sea to Gwadar Port
Authors: Ansar Jamil
Published: October 2022

Central Asia presents a mosaic of cultures and religions which, due to its fertile land and energy resources, has attracted many invaders since the 19th century and even before. The struggle between the UK and erstwhile Russia, former Soviet Union, to capture land started the ‘Great Game.’ The involvement of the regional and extra-regional countries transformed it into the competiting ground over oil and gas; adding geo-political sensitivities to the region. The Central Asian Republics (CARs) are finding it difficult to stay out of the Russian influence. Due to geo-economic strategies of various powers involved in Afghanistan and Iran, the land-locked CARs are finding it hard to export oil and gas through the Arabian Sea. Gwadar port, linking to China and the Wakhan Corridor, emerges to be the most suitable option for the CARs and Russia to export their energy resources.