bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How does technology‐based monitoring affect street‐level bureaucrats' behavior? An analysis of body‐worn cameras and police actions
Authors: Kang Inkyu
Published: June 2023

Body‐worn cameras may produce varying effects on police behavior, depending on the agency‐specific accountability context in which the technology adoption is embedded. The cameras may encourage coercive police actions when acquired to incentivize performance, such as by protecting officers from false complaints. By contrast, when acquired to enhance procedural accountability, such as by enabling closer scrutiny of officer misconduct, the cameras may discourage coercive police actions. Based on this framework, this study examined the case of the New Orleans Police Department, an agency that implemented a body‐worn camera program to enhance both performance and procedural accountability. Results of Bayesian structural time‐series modeling with synthetic control show that the program increased the number of investigatory stops and follow‐up measures (i.e., frisk, search, citation, arrest) while decreasing the ratio of more‐to‐less coercive measures during stops (i.e., arrest/citation‐to‐warning ratio and search‐to‐frisk ratio). However, the program had a null effect on the minority‐to‐White suspect ratio, despite the agency's bias‐free policing initiative. The percentage of frisks and searches detecting drugs or weapons also declined. A broader implication of the findings is that technology‐based monitoring mechanisms are important, but not a silver bullet for improving the behavior of street‐level bureaucrats.
Divergent evolution of metachronous follicular lymphoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue from a common precursor
Authors: Tzioni Maria‐Myrsini , Wotherspoon Andrew , Chen Zi , Cucco Francesco , Makker Jasmine , Du Ming‐Qing
Published: June 2023

The translocation t(14;18)(q32:q21)/IGH::BCL2 occurs at the pre‐B stage of B‐cell development in the bone marrow and is insufficient for malignant transformation, although it leads to the formation of in situ follicular B‐cell neoplasia (ISFN). Despite that, the translocation is the genetic hallmark of follicular lymphoma (FL), it occurs infrequently in metachronous/synchronous lymphomas, including extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (EMZL), mantle cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. In each of these scenarios, the two lymphomas often appear to be clonally related by analyses of IGH::BCL2 and/or rearranged IG genes. However, it remains largely unknown whether one lymphoma originates from the other or they develop independently. We studied five cases of metachronous EMZL and FL. In four cases, the two lymphomas were clonally related, as shown by identical IGH::BCL2 and/or rearranged IG genes or shared mutations. There were common and unique mutations between the paired EMZL and FL, indicating that they developed independently from a common premalignant cell population, harbouring IGH::BCL2 in three cases. Furthermore, case 1 presented with three metachronous FLs, and all of them originated from a common precursor cell population via divergent evolution. Our findings highlight the multi‐malignant potential of IGH::BCL2‐positive B‐cells. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
ELF3 suppresses gallbladder cancer development through downregulation of the EREG/EGFR/mTOR complex 1 signalling pathway
Authors: Nakamura Takeharu , Nishikawa Yoshihiro , Shiokawa Masahiro , Takeda Haruhiko , Yokode Masataka , Matsumoto Shimpei , Muramoto Yuya , Ota Sakiko , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Okada Hirokazu , Kuwada Takeshi , Marui Saiko , Matsumori Tomoaki , Maruno Takahisa , Uza Norimitsu , Kodama Yuzo , Hatano Etsuro , Seno Hiroshi
Published: June 2023

The prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains poor, and a better understanding of GBC molecular mechanisms is important. Genome sequencing of human GBC has demonstrated that loss‐of‐function mutations of E74‐like ETS transcription factor 3 (ELF3) are frequently observed, with ELF3 considered to be a tumour suppressor in GBC. To clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ELF3 suppresses GBC development, we performed in vivo analysis using a combination of autochthonous and allograft mouse models. We first evaluated the clinical significance of ELF3 expression in human GBC tissues and found that low ELF3 expression was associated with advanced clinical stage and deep tumour invasion. For in vivo analysis, we generated Pdx1‐Cre; KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Elf3f/f (KPCE) mice and Pdx1‐Cre; KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Elf3wt/wt (KPC) mice as a control and analysed their gallbladders histologically. KPCE mice developed larger papillary lesions in the gallbladder than those developed by KPC mice. Organoids established from the gallbladders of KPCE and KPC mice were analysed in vitro. RNA sequencing showed upregulated expression of epiregulin (Ereg) in KPCE organoids, and western blotting revealed that EGFR/mechanical targets of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) were upregulated in KPCE organoids. In addition, ChIP assays on Elf3‐overexpressing KPCE organoids showed that ELF3 directly regulated Ereg. Ereg deletion in KPCE organoids (using CRISPR/Cas9) induced EGFR/mTORC1 downregulation, indicating that ELF3 controlled EGFR/mTORC1 activity through regulation of Ereg expression. We also generated allograft mouse models using KPCE and KPC organoids and found that KPCE organoid allograft tumours exhibited poorly differentiated structures with mTORC1 upregulation and mesenchymal phenotype, which were suppressed by Ereg deletion. Furthermore, EGFR/mTORC1 inhibition suppressed cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in KPCE organoids. Our results suggest that ELF3 suppresses GBC development via downregulation of EREG/EGFR/mTORC1 signalling. EGFR/mTORC1 inhibition is a potential therapeutic option for GBC with ELF3 mutation. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
NCI intramural program approach to rare tumors: Natural history study of rare solid tumors in children and adults: A longitudinal, comprehensive data and biospecimen collection protocol
Authors: Wedekind Mary Frances , Reilly Karlyne M. , Rivero Jaydira Del , Lockridge Robin , Allen Taryn , Raygada Margarita , Bernstein Donna , Thomas Barbara J. , Vivelo Christina , Levine Jason , Shonkoev Nurlan , Aldape Kenneth , Glod John , Sandler Abby B. , Widemann Brigitte C.
Published: June 2023

Rare tumors across the world are lacking adequate knowledge, resources, and community. Through partnership with patients, advocacy organizations, researchers, and clinicians, we have developed a comprehensive, longitudinal, prospective, and retrospective natural history protocol to collect, analyze, and share data on patients with rare tumors. A strong collaborative effort is vital to ensure success of enrollment, patient engagement, data collection, and analysis to ultimately develop clinical trials to improve outcomes for patients with rare cancers.
The effect of diatomite dosage on physical, mechanical, and rheological creep properties of poplar wood/polypropylene composites
Authors: Li Xiangrui , Han Mengyao , Liu Mingli , Le Lei , Meng Lipeng , Lin Yu , Yu Jiaming , Meng Lingyu , Li Chunfeng
Published: June 2023

The present study investigates the influence of micron‐sized diatomite dosage on the physical, mechanical, rheological, and creep properties of poplar wood/polypropylene (PW/PP) composites to enhance their toughness and practicality. The diatomite‐PW/PP composites were prepared using the melt extrusion method, replacing different proportions of PW with diatomite, and subsequently evaluated for their properties. The results indicate that adding diatomite enhances the density while reducing the brightness and water absorption of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy, analysis reveals a uniform distribution of diatomite in the range of 5–10 wt%, which effectively serves as a filler and reinforcing agent, consequently improving the toughness of the composite system. Specifically, the impact strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break are enhanced by 25.9%, 9.5%, and 35.7%, respectively. Furthermore, creep rheological analysis demonstrates improved processability and creep resistance in the composite system.
Improvement of catheter tip morphology by mold material used for tip‐forming process
Authors: Lee Gye Jun , Jun Wonjin , Lee Han Chang , Choi Seong Wook , Kim Gyu Man , Kim Woojin
Published: June 2023

As interventional procedures using catheters have rapidly developed, accordingly, the incidence of polymeric embolization is also increasing, with the main cause being the flash generated during tip forming of the catheter. This study has performed to change the material of the mold used to form catheter tips to prevent flash, which is a cause of polymeric embolism. The tip‐forming performance and the flash generation according to the main parameters of the tip‐forming process were analyzed: power, heating, cooling time, and insertion pressure. In addition, we observed the effect of flash suppression according to temperature sensitivity by changing the mold material considering thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity. In particular, considering the glass transition temperature of HDPE (high‐density polyethylene), which is applied to sheath and dilator catheters, the most stable tip forming proceeds when the temperature near the tip inside the mold was about 130°C. We verified experimentally and numerically that the temperature of the pins comprising the mold plays an important role in flash generation and confirmed that the viscosity of the polymer melts is lower at 120°C than at 90°C of the pin, and flash is minimized because of the shear‐thinning behavior of the polymer melts.
Enhanced antibacterial and adhesive properties of chitosan/gelatin hydrogel containing berberine hydrochloride and prepolymerized gallic acid exhibiting aggregation‐induced emission
Authors: Liu Chengde , Du Wanting , Jiang Luyao , Li Yizheng , Liu Cheng , Jian Xigao
Published: June 2023

Medical devices and human implant materials carry a risk of bacterial infection. Biocompatible and adhesive antibacterial materials that prevent biofilm formation are commonly used to reduce the risk. Herein, a crosslinked chitosan/gelatin (CG) hybrid hydrogel with antibacterial and adhesive properties was developed by introducing berberine hydrochloride (BBR) and adhesive prepolymerized gallic acid (PGA) to the hydrogel. BBR self‐assembles into nanoparticles and imparts AIE function to hydrogels by intermolecular electrostatic interactions and π–π stacking. The hydrogel was used as a stable carrier for BBR. The antibiofilm performance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after light exposure increased from 20% and 30% (CG hydrogel) to 74% and 85% (CGBBRPGA hydrogel), respectively. When used as a photodynamic agent, the hybrid hydrogel exhibited enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm capabilities against both Gram‐negative (E. coli) and Gram‐positive (S. aureus) bacteria. The CGBBRPGA hydrogel showed strong adhesion to the surfaces of pig skin (9.2 kPa), glass (7.6 kPa), steel sheet (5.8 kPa), and PEEK sheet (5.5 kPa). Furthermore, it exhibits cell adhesion and shows negligible cytotoxicity, which indicates its cytocompatibility. Consequently, the fabricated hybrid hydrogel offers potential applications in biomedicine, particularly in wound dressing and surface modification of medical implants.
Solvent effects on the sodium borohydride reduction of 2‐halocyclohexanones
Authors: Rodrigues Silva Daniela , Zeoly Lucas A. , Vermeeren Pascal , Cormanich Rodrigo A. , Hamlin Trevor A. , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Freitas Matheus P.
Published: June 2023

We have investigated the stereoselectivity and reactivity of the sodium borohydride reduction of 2‐X‐cyclohexanones (X=H, Cl, Br) using a combined approach of competitive experiments and density functional theory calculations. Our results show that the hydride addition proceeds via a late transition state in which the C–H bond is nearly formed, consistent with the mild reducing power of NaBH4. The reaction barrier decreases from the 2‐halocyclohexanones to the unsubstituted cyclohexanone, in line with relative reactivities observed in the competitive experiments. Furthermore, we provide a protocol to solve the longstanding issue of properly modelling the axial–equatorial facial selectivity of hydride addition to the carbonyl group substituted with a vicinal polar group. The inclusion of implicit solvation in combination with an explicit solvent molecule is crucial to reproduce the stereoselective formation of the cis product observed experimentally.
High performance foams and their nanocomposites generated via liquid state frontal polymerization
Authors: Daguerre‐Bradford John A. , Lepcio Petr , Camarda Daniel S. , Lesser Alan J. , Cristadoro Anna M. , Linnenbrink Martin , Schütte Markus
Published: June 2023

Anisotropy in naturally occurring or synthetic microcellular structures is an important feature for the development of materials with high specific stiffness and strength, in addition to creating materials with unique physical properties. Polymeric foams constitute a broad class of materials that are widely used for their advantages of low density, high specific mechanical properties and high insulative properties. Traditional synthetic routes are slow, energy demanding processes that employ the use of high temperature ovens, freezers, or high‐pressure equipment. Herein we present a convenient and energy efficient method to produce anisotropic high performance polymeric foams via rapid radically induced cationic frontal polymerization coupled with chemical blowing agents. The degree of pore orientation and degree of anisotropy are a result of the propagating front working in concert with the foam volume expansion. This paper presents results into FP foam formation to illustrate how changes in boundary conditions and front initiation position affect both the microcellular structure and their resulting physical and mechanical properties. Additionally, results are presented to show how changes in resin formulation, such as the addition of nanoparticles affect both properties as well as the microcellular structure and anisotropy.
Electron Beam‐Irradiated Au/h‐BN/Au Cross‐Point Memristors
Authors: Li Mucun , Wu Enxiu , Xu Linyan , Hu Xiaodong , Miao Xiaopu , Liu Jing
Published: June 2023

Applying 2D materials to build memristors is a promising strategy that has attracted great interest in the semiconductor field in recent years. Although the study of memristors based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with lattice defects has been well established, the applications and detailed knowledge of the ones using mechanical exfoliation with good lattice structures are still scarce. Herein, the resistive switching behavior of an array of 3 μm × 3 μm cross‐point Au/25.7 nm mechanically exfoliated h‐BN/Au memristors is investigated after a controllable electron beam doping process. An electron beam irradiation strategy is first proposed to treat h‐BN memristors with intact lattice structure. Devices with moderate electron beam irradiation, which is about 1500 or 2000 mC cm−2, show good resistive switching curves. The memristor device has a repeatable resistive switching behavior, an on/off ratio of 108, a set voltage as low as 5 V, and a retention higher than 1000 s. This strategy provides an alternative method to improve the performance of memristor. Mechanical exfoliated h‐BN preserves the lattice structure, which is an immediate advantage to fabricate memristor using it compared to that fabricated by CVD.
Comprehensive Study of Electron Conduction and Its Compensation for Degenerate Si‐Doped AlN‐Rich AlGaN
Authors: Kataoka Keita , Narita Tetsuo , Yagi Yusuke , Nagata Kengo , Saito Yoshiki
Published: June 2023

The resistivity, electron concentration, mobility, and luminescence property of AlGaN epilayers with various AlN contents (x) are systematically investigated as a function of Si‐doping concentration ([Si]). Inxof 59–78%, the resistivity decreases with increasing [Si] up to 4 × 1019 cm−3. The temperature dependence of the electron concentration and mobility disappears in the optimum doping range, characteristic of electric degeneracy. The ionization energy of isolated Si donor (Ed0) is slightly increased in the range of 60–80 meV with increasingx(59–78%). At higher [Si] than 4 × 1019 cm−3, self‐compensation defects such as III vacancy–Si complexes are formed, resulting in higher resistivity. Whenxis 89%, the resistivity is approximately one order of magnitude higher than that for lowerx, and theEd0is drastically increased to ≈120 meV, which is a feature of a highly compensated semiconductor. Based on the increased oxygen incorporation and the distinctive defect luminescence peak for the sample withxof 89%, the formation of acceptor‐type O‐related defects such as O‐DXandVIII‐nONis indicated and can contribute to a part of the electron compensation.
Bioinspired Vertical Transistors from Artificial Synapse to Neuromorphic System
Authors: Li Yanran , Huang Zhuohui , Zhang Yi , Jiang Jie
Published: June 2023

Neuromorphic devices emulating the brain functionality have achieved a substantial scientific leap in the last decade. Among them, neuromorphic vertical transistors have attracted extensive interests due to their abilities of mitigating physical channel‐length limitations and developing new‐generation 3D integrated electronics. In this review, the recent advances and major trends in the field of emerging neuromorphic devices based on vertical transistor are focused on. It has been started with a brief introduction of biological nervous system and neuromorphic behaviors. Next, the latest advances in the development of vertical transistor and shed light on bio‐related neuromorphic applications are discussed. They are discussed in detail from the aspects of materials and potential applications. Finally, future research challenges in neuromorphic vertical transistor are briefly summarized, and their prospects are discussed.
Icariin alleviates ferroptosis‐related atherosclerosis by promoting autophagy in xo‐LDL‐induced vascular endothelial cell injury and atherosclerotic mice
Authors: Wang Xindong , Zhang Meng , Mao Chenhan , Zhang Chengbo , Ma Wenqi , Tang Jiahui , Xiang Dongyang , Qi Xiaoxia
Published: June 2023

Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are located between the blood plasma and the vascular tissue, and the ferroptosis (iron‐dependent programmed cell death) of VECs can lead to a range of cardiovascular diseases. Icariin is the main active ingredient of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim., which can improve endothelial cell dysfunction. In the present study, the protective effects of icariin on oxidised low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐treated VECs and high‐fat diet‐fed Apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice were investigated. Inflammatory fibrosis in tissues and inflammatory factors in serum and cell supernatants were detected, and mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression levels of ferroptosis‐associated proteins were also detected. The results revealed that icariin reduced the endothelial atherosclerotic plaque area and collagen fibres in aortic sinus tissue, and increased the viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas it reduced the reactive oxygen species levels of VECs. The nucleation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and subsequent autophagy were negatively associated with ferroptosis in endothelial cells, and the more prominent the autophagy, the lower the levels of ferroptosis. Furthermore, by co‐treating the cells with icariin and the two autophagy inhibitors, Bafilomycin A1 (blocking autophagosome and lysosome fusion) and 3‐methyladenine (blocking autophagosome formation), respectively, the promoting effects of icariin on autophagy were found to be mediated through the process of autophagosome–lysosome fusion. In in vivo experiments, icariin reduced ferroptosis, alleviated atherosclerotic lesions and increased the rate of TFEB nucleation. Additionally, it was found that ARG304, THR308 and GLN311 were the optimal binding sites for the interaction between icariin and TFEB. Taken together, these results suggest that the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes promoted by icarrin enhances autophagy and thus reduces ferroptosis. Therefore, icariin may be a potential candidate for the prevention of ferroptosis of VECs and, thus, for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
HMI‐assisted visual interface‐cum‐embedded system for measurement of tractor–implement performance parameters
Authors: Shrivastava Prateek , Tewari V. K. , Gupta Chanchal , Chouriya Arjurn
Published: June 2023

A human–machine interface (HMI)‐based visual interface along with an embedded system was developed to real‐time measure, display, and store the various tractor–implement performance parameters, that is, geoposition, depth, speed, slip, fuel consumption, draft, and power take‐off (PTO) torque. The developed system consists of various commercially available (global positioning system, rotary potentiometer, tension/compression load cell, Hall‐effect sensor, flow meter, and strain gauge) sensors/transducers to measure the performance parameters. A strain‐gauge‐based special type of transducer was also developed for measuring the PTO torque acting on the implement and the output of the transducer was transferred to the virtual interface‐based data acquisition system using radio frequency‐based modules. Along with the sensors, the developed system is composed of a microcontroller to process the data received from sensors, an HMI‐assisted smart touch screen to display the output, and a secure digital card module to store the processed data. The developed visual interface of the embedded system comprises multiple operator‐friendly touch screens and each screen was designed with a graphical user interface for the visual presentation of the tractor–implement performance parameters. The system was installed in the TAFE Samrat 4410 tractor and tested under various field operations. Sensors employed in the system were calibrated for obtaining precise measurement, and excellent linearity with a high correlation between actual and measured variables. Under various field operations (plowing and tillering), a maximum error of 15% (except PTO torque) was found between parameters measured with the developed system and manual/predicted measurement. The field results fortify the acceptable accuracy of the developed system. The developed system will be helpful for researchers or students to study the matching of tractor–implement combinations.
Did court dismiss student's due process claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2023

A graduate student in the Slippery Rock University physician assistant program was placed at the Wellington Retreat in Florida for her first clinical rotation. The student handbook for the program outlined the university's policies and procedures, including the grounds for dismissal. It stated a student could be dismissed from the program based upon inappropriate behavior or unprofessional conduct at a clinical site.
Unraveling the intricate relationship between unemployment, population, and poverty in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Does quality of life matter?
Authors: Zaman Umer , Onwe Joshua Chukwuma , Jena Pabitra Kumar , Anyanwu Ogochukwu C. , Ebeh Joy Eleojo , Fulu Obonetse
Published: June 2023

The study aims to address poverty eradication efforts globally and promote sustainable development goals (viz., SDGs 1 and 8), specifically focusing on improving quality of life, population optimization, job creation, and economic growth. The research investigates the increasing poverty rates in Sub‐Saharan Africa and analyses the role of population, unemployment, and quality of life in 18 selected countries from 2002 to 2019. The study employs the novel panel quantile autoregressive distributed lag method (PQARDL) developed by Chishti and Retish (2023) to address complex econometric challenges. The findings indicate that unemployment significantly contributes to short‐ and long‐term poverty across all market situations (bearish, normal, and bullish). Conversely, population growth significantly discourages poverty across African economies in the short and long term. These effects are observed in the case of remittances and GDP. Interestingly, the impact of infant mortality and life expectancy on poverty remains insignificant in the short term. Still, life expectancy discourages poverty in the long term, while infant mortality increases poverty in bearish, normal, and bullish market situations. As a result, unemployment and population growth are important factors determining poverty in Sub‐Saharan Africa. The study discusses policy directions based on these findings to address poverty effectively.
Contemporary sustainability themes in tourism and hospitality during and post COVID‐19: Critical review and a step strategies forward for post the pandemic
Authors: Salem Islam Elbayoumi , Abbas Haidar , Akram Hafiz Wasim , Elbaz Ahmed Mohamed
Published: June 2023

The onset of COVID‐19 has challenged economies and industries globally and thwarted their contributions towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs). In coping with the COVID‐19‐related challenges, the global tourism and hospitality industry is also affected to its worst level. Thus, researchers employed bibliometric analysis and a science mapping approach to investigate the structure of the contemporary sustainable issues in tourism and hospitality research during COVID‐19, the most productive and impactful research constituents (journals, organizations, countries, and authors), the most impactful research works, the major emerging research themes, and the agenda for future research. The results of the bibliographic data (Scopus, Jan 2020–Sep 2022) analysis revealed that research in the selected field is still at a very nascent stage. The majority of the research papers focus on ‘responsible consumption and production (UNSDG‐12)’, ‘good health and well‐being (UNSDG‐3)’, and ‘decent work and economic growth (UNSDG‐8)’. The science mapping approach led to the development of eight propositions related to the emerging themes of knowledge. The researchers have discussed each research theme in detail and laid out an agenda for future research.
Patient and Caregiver Motivators and Barriers to Eczema Clinical Trial Participation: Analysis of Survey Data
Authors: Jacobson Michael Evan , Thibau Isabelle J. , Baghoomian Wenelia , Latour Emile , Kastala Ajai , Loiselle Allison R. , Simpson Eric Lawrence , Begolka Wendy Smith
Published: June 2023

Background

Eczema clinical trials (CTs) are increasing in number, yet participation across the eczema community is low. Little is known about patient characteristics and views on motivators and barriers to CT participation (CTP).

Objectives

Determine factors that motivate or impede participation in eczema CT and respondent characteristics associated with these factors.

Methods

Qualitative thematic analysis was performed on open-ended questions from an online survey that collected respondent demographics, understanding of and experience with CTs, and drivers/barriers to CTP. Mixed-methods analysis included 924 respondents, 728 (78.8%) adults with eczema and 196 (21.2%) caregivers of children with eczema.

Results

A large proportion (71.8%) of respondents would potentially participate in CTs. The most common theme for why a respondent considered or would explore CTP was burden of disease (81.0% and 57.3% respectively). Among those who participated in or considered a CT, caregivers (p = 0.001) reported fewer altruistic motivations compared to adult patients, with trends towards men citing disease burden more (57.0% vs. 50.9%) and altruism less (14.5% vs. 19.2%) than women. Lack of awareness (57.7%) was the most common reason for never having considered a CT. Among those who never considered CTP, age (p = 0.012) and eczema severity at its worst (p = 0.002) were associated with reasons why they never participated. Specifically, older and less severe patients had greater perceptions of eligibility as a barrier to CTP. Caregivers more commonly cited fear of CT risks (20% vs. 11.4%) compared to adult patients who cited accessibility concerns (17.7% vs. 8.6%) as barriers to CT exploration. A subgroup of respondents that never considered CTP and extremely unlikely to consider CTs cited more fears/risks/unknowns and accessibility barriers to CTP. No significant differences in motivators or barriers were observed across race/ethnic groups and urban/rural populations.

Conclusions

Motivating factors for CTP include greater disease burden; lack of awareness represents a large barrier. Healthcare providers are trusted intermediaries with ability to refer and inform about CTs; they have a potentially significant role in raising awareness and discussing eczema patient/caregiver perspectives related to CTP. Investigators should tailor recruitment approaches and study design where possible to address identified motivators and barriers.
A Copper Composite Embedded in Graphene Oxide as an Efficient Mordant to Enhance the Properties of Natural Dyes for Cotton Fabric
Authors: Khade Pratiksha , Bhakare Madhuri , Lokhande Kshama , Some Surajit
Published: June 2023

Synthetic dyes used in the textile sector have adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Natural dyes are thus a suitable alternative for sustainable textile manufacturing and colouration; however, preparing highly stable dyes on textile fabric remains challenging. In this study, we prepared a copper and 2‐methyl‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (2‐Me‐8‐HQ) functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (CHG) ternary composite as the mordant to enhance the stability and colour strength of naturally extracted turmeric (Tu) and tea (Te) dyes. To evaluate the effect of the CHG composite, it was mixed with Tu and Te dyes to obtain CHG‐functionalized turmeric and tea dyes (TuCHG and TeCHG), respectively. TuCHG and TeCHG exhibited superior colourfastness, wash fastness, and rub fastness, compared with only Tu and Te dyed cotton fabrics. The cytotoxicity of TuCHG and TeCHG was studied in the presence of human keratinocytes HacaT cells. The TuCHG and TeCHG dyes exhibited no cytotoxicity and good antibacterial properties. The proposed method is safe, cost‐effective, and sustainable for applying natural dyes with enhanced stability on cotton fabrics.
Nanomaterials Derived from a Template Method for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Li Jiangfeng , Zhu Jiaye , Dong Zhihong , Wu Qingsheng
Published: June 2023

As one of the effective methods for the preparation of nanomaterials, the main advantage of template synthesis method is that the chemical reactions occurring in the liquid phase or the gas phase are carried out within the scope of effective control. Compared with other ordinary methods, nanomaterials prepared by template method deliver various morphology and structure, which could deliver excellent electrochemical performance. In this review, template method has been divided into soft template and hard template, which the former is flexibility and ease of customization and the latter is accuracy and uniformity. But, the soft template lack precision and consistency, while hard template limits creativity and adaptability. In addition, the progress and prospect of template method have been provided.
Green Synthesis of Biomass‐Based Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the detection and adsorption of Fe (III)
Authors: Jin Xilang , Bai Haiyan , Ma Yiting , Li Yulong , Chen Weixing
Published: June 2023

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) derived from natural biomass have attracted considerable attention due to the superior characteristics of low‐cost, large‐scale, renewability, and excellent biocompatibility. In this work, novel orange‐red fluorescent carbon dots (N‐CDs) were successfully designed and prepared via hydrothermal method by using Peony seed residue and o‐phenylenediamine as precursors. The obtained N‐CDs exhibited good aqueous solubility, outstanding fluorescence properties, and high photostability. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of N‐CDs at 594 nm exhibited a linear change towards Fe3+ in the range of 0.0–50.0 μM, and the detection limit was 20 nM. For fast and efficient Fe3+ sensing, two kinds of solid‐phase fluorogenic test strips and nanofibrous film composited with N‐CDs were fabricated. Furthermore, solid phase materials composited PVDF with N‐CDs (N‐CDs@PVDF) demonstrated outstanding properties in simultaneous Fe3+ adsorption and detection, providing an integrative solution for the detection and decontamination of heavy metal ions
Strategic Optimization of Annealing Parameters for Efficient and Low Hysteresis Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Qureshi Akbar Ali , Javed Sofia , Adnan Muhammad , Jamshaid Muhammad , Aftab Akram Muhammad , Ali Usman
Published: June 2023

The highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are often developed with a hybrid metal halide perovskite material as the absorber layer. Particularly, cesium (Cs) containing triple cation perovskites (CsFAMA) have emerged as prospective absorber materials owing to their high reproducibility and superior reliability. Mostly, the perovskite thin films preparation involves thermal annealing as a post‐treatment technique strongly dependent on the perovskite materials. By optimizing the parameters for thermal annealing temperature and annealing time, the fabrication of economical perovskite devices is achievable. Herein, we strategically investigated the influence of annealing time by keeping a constant annealing temperature on the growth of triple‐cation perovskite thin films and solar cells. We observed the formation of highly crystallized perovskite thin films with efficient photovoltaic performance for the heating time of just 10 min at 120 °C. Further, the perovskite devices with optimized annealing temperature and time exhibited low hysteresis index might be attributed to reduced trap states owing to improved grain size and crystallinity of CsFAMA thin films. Reduced heating time is desirable and beneficial in the industrial fabrication of photovoltaic devices.
Improvement of Anti‐Corrosion Performance of a Cu‐Ni Bimetallic Organic Framework Smart Coating Using Amino‐Substitution Triazole
Authors: Akhavan‐Bahabadi Zahra , Zare Hamid R. , Mohammadpour Zahra , Mirjalili Bi Bi Fatemeh
Published: June 2023

In this study, a smart pH‐sensitive anti‐corrosion coating was fabricated by encapsulating 3‐amino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole (3‐AT) as a corrosion inhibitor in a copper‐nickel bimetallic organic framework (BMOF). The corrosion process of the coating was investigated in a corrosive solution of 3.5 wt% NaCl using potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) plots and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The synthesized 3‐AT@Cu‐Ni‐BTC BMOF has a loading capacity of 20.8 % for 3‐AT. 3‐AT encapsulated in BMOF is released as the corrosion zone becomes acidic and it serves as a corrosion inhibitor. The sensitivity of this coating to pH has been confirmed by the UV‐Vis method. The released 3‐AT inhibitor has an efficiency of 62.5 % to protect stainless steel against corrosion in the corrosive solution with reducing of optimal dosage by a factor of 4. The equivalent concentration of the released inhibitor is less than 1.25×10−3 M after 1 hour. As found in this study, the consumption of the corrosion inhibitor can be significantly decreased in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution with the pH‐sensitive feature of the 3‐AT@Cu‐Ni‐BTC BMOF smart coating.
Impurity Analysis of 5.5 N Nitrogen Gas and Its Impact on the Preparation of Class I Type Calibration Gas Mixtures
Authors: Garg Gazal , Kumari Poonam , Soni Daya , Singh Khem , Aggarwal Shankar G , Deep Akash
Published: June 2023

Knowledge of impurities in matrix gas is one of the critical requirements for the preparation of class I type calibration gas mixtures (primary reference gas mixtures, PRGMs) as per ISO 6142‐1. PRGMs are prepared gravimetrically using high‐purity component gas and high‐grade nitrogen, here 99.9995 % (5.5 N) as matrix gas. In this study, quantification of gaseous impurities such as moisture (H2O), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO) in 5.5 N nitrogen is performed using CRDS (cavity ring down spectroscopy). Carbon dioxide (CO2) and total hydrocarbons (THC) are analyzed using gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC‐FID), while the determination of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) impurity is conducted colorimetrically using a UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. Total impurities in 5.5 N nitrogen are found to be (2945±21.5) ppb. The impact of utilizing this nitrogen is examined through the stability study of ambient range binary component gas mixtures of CH4 and CO in nitrogen and found that 5.5 N nitrogen can be used as matrix gas for preparing PRGMs of CH4 and CO. However, the component gas impurity present in nitrogen potentially affect the accuracy of gravimetrically prepared gas mixture.
Synthesis, Characterization, Photoluminescence Properties and Antiproliferative Activity of New Pd(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Mixed Complexes Bearing Schiff Base Ligand and 1,10‐phenanthroline
Authors: Sogukomerogullari Hatice Gamze , Başaran Eyüp , Sarıoğlu Ahmet Oral , Köse Ayşegül , Akkoç Senem
Published: June 2023

In this study, new mixed ligand Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pd(II) metal complexes were synthesized and characterized by NMR (for ligand), UV‐Vis, elemental analysis, FT‐IR, molar conductivity techniques. While the octahedral structure is recommended for Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes, the square plane structure is recommended for the Pd(II) complex. The compounds lack conductivity traits indicating their non‐electrolyte nature in solution. Photoluminescence properties of the synthesized mixed ligand complexes were investigated. These three complexes showed emission bands when excited at their maximum absorbances. The excitation/emission bands of the Pd(II) complex shifted to higher (red) wavelengths when compared to the Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes. The Pd(II) complex showed the Stokes shift of 26 nm. These metal complexes were screened for their anticancer activities against the colon cancer (DLD‐1) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines. The results show that these complexes have antiproliferative activity. In particular, two of the complexes (Pd(II) and Cu(II)) were found to have a higher cytotoxic effect than the positive control drug cisplatin with low IC50 values.
Rotation of the η3‐Propargyl Ligand in [(C6Me5H)M(CO)2(η3‐C3H3)]+ (M=Cr, Mo, W) Complexes
Authors: Chamkin Aleksandr A. , Taits Elena S. , Krivykh Vasily V.
Published: June 2023

The dynamic behaviour of η3‐propargyl ligand in [(C6Me5H)M(CO)2(η3‐C3H3)]+ (comp : M, M=Cr, Mo, W) complexes was systematically studied using computational chemistry approaches. Two isomerization pathways were assessed: a simple rotation of the propargyl fragment around the metal‐ligand axis and the η3‐η1 hapticity slippage of the propargyl ligand. The former mechanism possesses the activation energies of +25.9 (comp : Cr), +20.7 (comp : Mo), and +20.3 kcal mol−1 (comp : W) and is feasible at near‐room temperatures. The η3‐η1 partial decoordination requires essentially the same energy for comp : Cr (+25.8 kcal mol−1) but is hindered for comp : Mo and comp : W (>+30 kcal mol−1). To analyse the factors that influenced these trends, the binding of analogous comp : M and η3‐allyl complexes was studied using the local energy decomposition method.
Density Function Theory Predicted Carbon Allotropes: Recent Developments
Authors: Kharisov Boris I. , Kharissova Oxana V. , González Lucy T. , Peña Méndez Yolanda , Uflyand Igor E. , Kulkarni. Naveen
Published: June 2023

The most recent data on experimentally undiscovered carbon allotropes, predicted by the Density Function Theory (DFT), are reviewed. Classic carbon allotropes, graphenes, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and their hybrids are being studied using DFT and related methods, resulting a host of potentially existing forms based on 5‐, 6‐, 7‐member cycles and their distinct combinations. Also known are cyclocarbons and large carbon clusters, nanobelts and nanoribbons, liquid, metallic, semiconductive and superhard carbons, which could exist under high or low pressures. These carbon allotropes can contain C atoms in the same hybridization state or be as their mixture, for example sp2+sp3. For several carbon allotropes, possible synthesis methods, properties and applications are proposed.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Alkali Metal Fluoride Post‐Treatment of SnO2 for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hoang Minh Tam , Yang Yang , Chiu Wei Hsun , Yu Yongyue , Pham Ngoc Duy , Moonie Paul , Koplick Andrew , Tulloch Gavin , Martens Wayde , Wang Hongxia
Published: June 2023

The facile synthesis and beneficial properties of tin oxide have driven the development of efficient planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To increase the PSC performance, alkali salts are used to treat the SnO2 surface to minimize the defect states. However, the underlying mechanism of alkali cations' role in the PSCs needs further exploration. Herein the effect of alkali fluoride salts (KF, RbF, and CsF) on the properties of SnO2 and PSC performance is investigated. The results show different alkali have significant roles depending on their nature. Larger cations Cs+ preferably locate at the SnO2 film surface to passivate surface defects and enhance conductivity, while smaller cations like Rb+ or K+ cations tend to diffuse into the perovskite layer to reduce trap density of the material. The former effect leads to enhanced fill factor while the latter effect increases the open circuit voltage of the device. It is then demonstrated that a dual cation post‐treatment of the SnO2 layer with RbF and CsF achieves PSC with a significantly higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.66% compared to pristine PSC with a PCE of 19.71%. This highlights the significance of defect engineering of SnO2 using selective multiple alkali treatment to improve PSC performance.
Improved Device Performance and Stability in Organic Solar Cells by Morphology Control via Size‐Controlled Chevron‐Shaped Blades
Authors: Song Geon Chang , Han Nara , Kaang Byung Kwon , Lee Minwoo , Moon Yina , Yang Dongseong , Beak Jeongwoo , Oh Chang-Mok , Hwang In-Wook , Kim Dong-Yu
Published: June 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have been studied widely as renewable energy resources for a few decades owing to their technological advantages, including low cost, light weight, flexibility, and the potential of large area printing. To upgrade the active layers of OSCs into an optimized form, a simple and straightforward strategy is demonstrated by introducing two types of size‐controlled chevron (V)‐shaped blades to delicately control PM6:Y6‐based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films under ambient conditions. A power conversion efficiency of 15.97% is achieved from the blade‐coating methods using a small‐sized V‐shaped blade (V1), compared with 14.31% using a conventional flat blade (F). Using blade coating based on V1 improves the phase separation and molecular crystallinity in the active layer, which lead to decreased trap‐assisted recombination and leakage current, finally increasing the short circuit current and fill factor. In addition, following these morphological changes in the optimal BHJ structure, the devices printed with V1 exhibit higher stability in the long‐term shelf‐life test (320 h storage in ambient conditions). Notably, strategy is a facile layer fabrication method that adopts V‐shaped blades to achieve high device performance and stability for the practical use of large‐area OSCs.
A new vampyromorph species from the Middle Jurassic La Voulte‐sur‐Rhône Lagerstätte
Authors: Rowe Alison J. , Kruta Isabelle , Villier Loïc , Rouget Isabelle
Published: June 2023

Eight coleoid genera have so far been described from the Callovian‐aged La Voulte‐sur‐Rhône Lagerstätte (c. 165 Ma; Ardèche, France), a locality noted for its unique three‐dimensional preservation of soft tissues. Here, we used high resolution x‐ray‐based imaging methods, in conjunction with reflectance transformation imaging, to study the soft tissues of a previously undescribed coleoid from the La Voulte‐sur‐Rhône locality. This analysis identified both an ink sac and internal light organs, a combination of defence mechanisms present in the Recent, although not previously described from the coleoid fossil record, as well as the presence of Octobrachia‐type arm musculature and Vampyroteuthis‐like sucker attachments. The morphology of the gladius could not be attributed to any known coleoids and therefore justified the assignment of this single specimen to a new taxon: Vampyrofugiens atramentum. The addition of this new vampyromorph species not only increases the coleoid diversity known from the site, but also broadens the morphological variation observed in the co‐occurring coleoid taxa. These findings suggest that there was a high diversity of cephalopods occupying differentiated communities during the Middle Jurassic.
Liabilities of origin and its influence on firm's corporate social performance? A study of emerging market multinational corporations
Authors: Venugopal Ajith , Al‐Shammari Marwan , Thotapalli Prasad M. V. , Fuad Mohammad
Published: June 2023

This study draws upon the institutional‐based view to examine how home country institutional voids affect the corporate social performance (CSP) of emerging market multinational corporations (EMNCs). We propose that home country institutional voids of EMNCs are positively related to CSP. We also argue that EMNCs' internationalization and visibility will further augment the above relationships. We tested our hypotheses using a sample of 89 EMNCs from 10 countries from 2009 to 2018 and found support for our arguments. Our findings show that EMNCs use CSP to overcome the liabilities of origin due to their home‐country institutional voids. Internationalization and visibility increase the challenges of origin liabilities and EMNCs respond by enhancing their CSP. Our research adds to the existing knowledge base on institutional voids within the realm of international business.
JNK1 activated pRb/E2F1 and inhibited p53/p21 signaling pathway is involved in hydroquinone‐induced pathway malignant transformation of TK6 cells by accelerating the cell cycle progression
Authors: Yu Lingxue , Qiu Weifeng , Gao Yuting , Sun Mingwei , Chen Lin , Cui Zheming , Zhu Delong , Guo Pu , Tang Huanwen , Luo Hao
Published: June 2023

Hydroquinone (HQ) is an important metabolites of benzene in the body, and it has been found to result in cellular DNA damage, mutation, cell cycle imbalance, and malignant transformation. The JNK1 signaling pathway plays an important role in DNA damage repair. In this study, we focused on whether the JNK1 signaling pathway is involved in the HQ‐induced cell cycle abnormalities and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that HQ induced abnormal progression of the cell cycle and initiated the JNK1 signaling pathway. We further confirmed that JNK1 suppression decelerated the cell cycle progression through inhibiting pRb/E2F1 signaling pathway and triggering p53/p21 pathway. Therefore, we concluded that JNK1 might be involved in HQ‐induced malignant transformation associated with activating pRb/E2F1 and inhibiting p53/p21 signaling pathway which resulting in accelerating the cell cycle progression.