bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the effect of pregnancy intention at conception on the continuum of care in maternal healthcare services use in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey
Authors: Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Harris Melissa L. , Loxton Deborah
Published: November 2020

Background

The Continuum of Care (CoC; defined as accessing the recommended healthcare services during pregnancy and the early postpartum period) is low in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). This may be a major contributor to the high rates of pregnancy-related complications and deaths in LMICs, particularly among women who had an unintended pregnancy. With a lack of research on the subject in Bangladesh, we aimed to examine the effect of unintended pregnancy on CoC.

Methods

Data from 4,493 mother-newborn dyads who participated in the cross-sectional 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey were analysed. Women’s level of CoC was generated from responses to questions on the use and non-use of three recommended services during the course of pregnancy: four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits, skilled birth attendance (SBA) during delivery, and at least one postnatal care (PNC) visit within 24 hours of giving birth. Global recommendations of service use were used to classify CoC as high (used each of the recommended services), moderate (used at least two of the three recommended services), and low/none (no PNC, no SBA, and ≤3 ANC visits). Women’s pregnancy intention at the time of conception of their last pregnancy (ending with a live birth) was the major exposure variable, classified as wanted, mistimed, and unwanted. Unadjusted and adjusted (with individual-, household-, and community-level factors) multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the association between unintended pregnancy and level of CoC.

Results

In Bangladesh, the highest level of CoC occurred in only 12% of pregnancies that ended with live births. This figure was reduced to 5.6% if the pregnancy was unwanted at conception. The antenatal period saw the greatest drop in CoC, with 65.13% of women receiving at least one ANC visit and 26.32% having four or more ANC visits. Following the adjustment of confounders, an unwanted pregnancy was found to be associated with 39% and 62% reduced odds of women receiving moderate and high levels of CoC, respectively, than those with a wanted pregnancy. Having a mistimed pregnancy was found to be associated with a 31% reduction in odds of women achieving a high CoC than women with a wanted pregnancy.

Conclusion

Almost nine in ten women did not achieve CoC in their last pregnancy, which was even higher when the pregnancy was unintended. Given that the ANC period has been identified as a critical time for intervention for these women, it is necessary for policies to scale up current maternal healthcare services that provide in-home maternal healthcare services and to monitor the continuity of ANC, with a particular focus on women who have an unintended pregnancy. Integration of maternal healthcare services with family planning services is also required to ensure CoC.
“Moving from one environment to another, it doesn’t automatically change everything”. Exploring the transnational experience of Asian-born gay and bisexual men who have sex with men newly arrived in Australia
Authors: Phillips Tiffany R. , Medland Nicholas , Chow Eric P. F. , Maddaford Kate , Wigan Rebecca , Fairley Christopher K. , Ong Jason J. , Bilardi Jade E.
Published: November 2020

Asian-born gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) who are newly arrived in Australia are at a higher risk of acquiring HIV than Australian-born gbMSM. We used a social constructionist framework to explore HIV knowledge and prevention strategies used by newly-arrived Asian-born gbMSM. Twenty four Asian-born gbMSM, aged 20–34 years, attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, who arrived in Australia in the preceding five years, participated in semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Participants described hiding their sexual identities in their country of origin, particularly from family members, due to fear of judgement and discrimination resulting from exposure to sexual identity and HIV related stigma in their countries of origin, although some were open to friends. Despite feeling more sexual freedom and acceptance in Australia, many were still not forthcoming with their sexual identity due to internalised feelings of stigma and shame. Exposure to stigma in their country of origin led many to report anxiety around HIV testing in Australia due to a fear of testing positive. Some described experiencing racism and lack of acceptance in the gay community in Australia, particularly on dating apps. Fear of discrimination and judgement about their sexual identity can have a significant impact on Asian-born gbMSM living in Australia, particularly in terms of social connectedness. Additionally, HIV-related stigma can contribute to anxieties around HIV testing. Our data highlights the potential discrimination Asian-born gbMSM face in Australia, which has implications for social connectedness, particularly with regard to LGBTQI communities and HIV testing practices. Future studies should determine effective strategies to reduce sexual identity and HIV-related stigma in newly-arrived Asian-born gbMSM.
Pixel Grouping of Digital Images for Reversible Data Hiding
Authors: Hasib Sultan Abdul , Nyeem Hussain Md Abu
Published: November 2020

Pixel Grouping (PG) of digital images has been a key consideration in recent development of the Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) schemes. While a PG kernel with neighborhood pixels helps compute image groups for better embedding rate-distortion performance, only horizontal neighborhood pixel group of size 1×3 has so far been considered. In this paper, we formulate PG kernels of sizes 3×1, 2×3 and 3×2 and investigate their effect on the rate-distortion performance of a prominent PG-based RDH scheme. Specially, a kernel of size 3×2 (or 2×3) that creates a pair of pixel-trios having triangular shape and offers a greater possible correlation among the pixels. This kernel thus can be better utilized for improving a PG-based RDH scheme. Considering this, we develop and present an improved PG-based RDH scheme and the computational models of its key processes. Experimental results demonstrated that our proposed RDH scheme offers reasonably better  embedding rate-distortion performance than the original scheme.
Detecting Uninitialized Variables in C++ with the Clang Static Analyzer
Authors: Umann Kristóf , Porkoláb Zoltán
Published: November 2020

Uninitialized variables have been a source of errors since the beginning of software engineering. Some programming languages (e.g. Java and Python) will automatically zero-initialize such variables, but others, like C and C++, leave their state undefined. While laying aside initialization in C and C++ might be a performance advantage if an initial value can't be supplied, working with such variables is an undefined behavior, and is a common source of instabilities and crashes. To avoid such errors, whenever meaningful initialization is possible, it should be used. Tools for detecting these errors run time have existed for decades, but those require the problematic code to be executed. Since in many cases the number of possible execution paths are combinatoric, static analysis techniques emerged as an alternative. In this paper, we overview the technique for detecting uninitialized C++ variables using the Clang Static Analyzer, and describe various heuristics to guess whether a specific variable was left in an undefined state intentionally. We implemented a prototype tool based on our idea and successfully tested it on large open source projects.
Blockchain in Pharma Supply Chain
Authors: Selvin Helan
Published: November 2020

Blockchain is an emerging technology these days. It's a chain of blocks organized in a decentralized system witha public ledger having ledgers from initial to final. The pharma supply chain system has a lot of issues considering a large number of intermediaries are involved in it. Blockchain is an effective solution for it since its network is closed and decentralized. It helps to overcome the middlemen problem through its transparencyand traceability. Starting from the manufacturers to the end retailers the products can be traced through the supply chain by ensuring authenticity throughout the processes.If a quality issue of the product is identified, blockchain can facilitate the recalls by determining the location of the faulty product within the supply chain.
Ensino da história da ´África e da diáspora africana
Authors: Pires Rocha Andréa , Dos Santos José Francisco
Published: November 2020

A história da África e da diáspora africana é essencial para a compreensão da história da América Latina, especialmente quando apresentada em uma perspectiva decolonial. O artigo traz breves apontamentos sobre a história do racismo na América Latina, demonstrando como a diáspora negra compõe a formação do continente, embora o racismo tenha impetrado formas de dizimar e excluir os negros, no bojo da escravidão e em contextos pós abolições. Em contraponto apresentamos reflexões sobre o necessário fortalecimento de uma práxis Afro-Latina-Americana antirracista. Para isso, apresentamos sugestões de aportes teóricos e históricos para a disseminação do conhecimento acerca da história da África e diáspora africana. Também trazemos algumas pistas preliminares sobre a materialização do ensino da temática africana nos países que compõem o chamado Cone Sul do bloco do Mercosul, Brasil – Argentina – Paraguai – Uruguai. Observamos que a omissão deste debate prejudica a construção de uma identidade Afro-Latino-Americana. Por isso, defendemos a importância do ensino da história da África e da diáspora africana como instrumento para uma educação contra hegemônica e uma práxis antirracista.
O sentido do ato de educar em Edgar Morin
Authors: Martinazzo Celso José
Published: November 2020

Temos como propósito, neste texto, contribuir com o debate acerca da razão de ser da escola, bem como do sentido e das finalidades da educação. A reflexão tem como fonte de inspiração a obra do pensador francês Edgar Morin com o objetivo de compreender quais deveriam ser as grandes finalidades do processo educacional. O estudo é de cunho bibliográfico tendo como horizonte os princípios da complexidade. A pesquisa permite concluir que, em seus primeiros escritos, Morin aponta para a necessidade de instituir uma política de civilização que contemple o contexto planetário da humanidade. Com o decorrer do tempo e, sobretudo, nos escritos mais recentes, Morin ressignifica o pensamento de Montaigne e de Rousseau: com inspiração em Montaigne indica que cabe à escola formar o aluno com uma cabeça benfeita e com base em Rousseau retoma a ideia de que é função da escola ensinar a viver.

Palavras-chave: Pensamento complexo. Reforma do pensamento. Sentido da educação.
Resenha do livro Política: Uma pequena introdução a um grande tema, de David Runciman
Authors: Costa Júnior José
Published: November 2020

Estamos cada vez mais céticos em relação à política e aos políticos nessas primeiras décadas do século XXI. A ausência de respostas aos problemas mais próximos dos cidadãos, a dificuldade de representação, além dos frequentes questionamentos morais sobre as práticas dos políticos são alguns dos motivos que fundamentam esse ceticismo. No entanto, há poucas décadas, mantínhamos expectativas melhores acerca das instituições políticas e dos seus líderes. Após os grandes conflitos, derramamentos de sangue e colapsos sociais do século passado, nutrimos grandes expectativas em relação à democracia, a ponto do cientista político Francis Fukuyama defender que havíamos chegado ao “fim da história”: o modo de organização político oferecido pela democracia seria a forma mais estável e definitiva. Governos estáveis, representativos, com participação popular e diálogo atenderiam as demandas das pessoas, que valorizariam cada vez mais as bases democráticas em que viviam. No caso dos locais onde essa forma de organização política ainda não fosse assim, seria uma questão de tempo até haver tal reconhecimento. [...]
A educação filosófica por meio da narrativa:
Authors: Muraro Darcisio Natal , Sousa Claudiney José de
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o processo de criação de material para ensino de filosofia para crianças. A produção é resultado das atividades de grupo de pesquisa. O trabalho adotou como referencial a concepção de democracia como modo de vida ético e político e suas relações com a educação a partir do pensamento de Dewey e Lipman. Nesta perspectiva, o modo de vida democrático se consubstancia no agir guiado por valores éticos e no exercício político. A atitude filosófica é entendida como uma prática educativa na e para a democracia. O principal resultado é a criação de uma narrativa filosófica sobre democracia para crianças a partir da linguagem metafórica. A metáfora criada para ambientar o conceito de democracia está ancorada na experiência da casa habitada por personagens conceituais relacionados à democracia como liberdade, justiça, poder, direitos, voto e educação. Estes conceitos são discutidos sob diferentes perspectivas filosóficas.
Characteristics, Protection and Functional Design of Three-Layer Laminate for Medical Footwear
Authors:   University of Zagreb Faculty of Textile Technology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Rogina-Car Beti , Kovačević Stana ,   University of Zagreb Faculty of Textile Technology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Šabarić Irena ,   University of Zagreb Faculty of Textile Technology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2020

The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of the washing and sterilization process in real hospital conditions on the microbial barrier properties of textile laminate used in medicine for protective clothing. The paper focuses on the functional design of three-layer laminate for medical footwear in surgery and in rooms where aseptic working conditions are required. The permeability and durability of the microbial barrier were determined after 0, 10 and 20 washing and sterilization procedures according to previously developed meth¬ods. Bacterial endospores of apathogenic species of the genera Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus atrophaeus were used. A functional design of the protective shoe cover was proposed. The results showed an extremely effective microbial barrier and the durability of the sample after 0, 10 and 20 washing and sterilization procedures, and over a period of one, two and three months.
Neoprene Knee Sleeves of Varying Tightness Augment Barbell Squat One Repetition Maximum Performance Without Improving Other Indices of Muscular Strength, Power, or Endurance
Authors: Machek Steven B. , Cardaci Thomas D. , Wilburn Dylan T. , Cholewinski Mitchell C. , Latt Scarlett Lin , Harris Dillon R. , Willoughby Darryn S.
Published: November 2020

Machek, SB, Cardaci, TD, Wilburn, DT, Cholewinski, MC, Latt, SL, Harris, DR, and Willoughby, DS. Neoprene knee sleeves of varying tightness augment barbell squat one repetition maximum performance without improving other indices of muscular strength, power, or endurance. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S6–S15, 2021—Neoprene knee sleeves are commonly used by powerlifters and recreational users but are heavily under-researched. Furthermore, no data exist on whether knee sleeves of varying compressive tightness impact muscular performance similar to commonly used knee wraps, which are both generally effective and more so when increasingly constrictive. Fifteen resistance trained, knee sleeve naive, recreational weight lifting men (22.1 ± 4.1 years; 177.5 ± 5.9 cm; 87.8 ± 7.8 kg) visited the laboratory on 3 separate occasions one week apart, assigned in a randomized, crossover, and counterbalanced fashion to either a minimally supportive control sleeve (CS) condition, a manufacturer-recommended sizing neoprene knee sleeve (“normal” sleeve; NS), or a one size smaller (than NS) neoprene knee sleeve (tighter sleeve [TS]). On each visit, subjects sequentially completed vertical jump (countermovement and squat jumps for both peak and mean power), one repetition maximum (1RM) barbell squat, and GymAware assessments (peak power, peak velocity, and dip) at 90% (reported) and 100% (tested) 1RM as well as one-leg extension (1RM, repetitions to failure, and total volume load at 75% 1RM) tests. All data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance at p < 0.05. Analysis revealed a significant condition effect on barbell squat 1RM (p = 0.003; η2 = 0.339), whereby both NS (p = 0.044; 166 ± 24 kg) and TS (p = 0.019; 166 ± 21 kg) outperformed CS (161 ± 22 kg), with no difference between neoprene sleeves. Conversely, no other tested parameters differed between knee sleeve conditions (p ≥ 0.05). The present results demonstrate that neoprene knee sleeves may function independent of tightness, relative to recommended sizing and ultimately unlike knee wraps. Furthermore, the singular benefits observed on barbell squat maximal strength potentially suggests an exercise-specific benefit yet to be fully elucidated.
Investigating media that support red wolf (Canis rufus) sperm viability and capacitation in vitro
Authors: Nagashima Jennifer B , Ferraz Marcia de Almeida Monteiro Melo , Kamen Sarah H , Songsasen Nucharin
Published: November 2020

The red wolf is a critically endangered canid, with ~250 and ~20 individuals in the ex situ and reintroduced wild populations, respectively. Assisted reproductive technologies such as sperm cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization therefore represent critically-needed tools to manage these populations. However, the motility of post-thaw red wolf sperm rapidly declines during in vitro incubation, hindering the ability to develop these technologies. In this study, we evaluated the influence of several culture media (a modified canine capacitation medium (mCCM), a modified North Carolina State University-23 medium (mNCSU-23), a synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF), a fertilization Tyrode’s medium base or Fert-TALP (FERT), and a TRIS-based buffer (TRIS)) on the survival and capacitation of red wolf sperm during extended (18 h) incubation at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. Red wolf sperm motility averaged (±s.e.m.) 73.8 ± 7.1% at the time of collection, and was better maintained over 4 h incubation in mCCM (55.0 ± 9.8%) and mNCSU-23 (54.7 ± 10.4), compared to mSOF (43.8 ± 8.3%), FERT (30 ± 10.5), and TRIS (16.4 ± 4.1%) solutions. Patterns of tyrosine phosphorylation signal, as assessed via immunocytochemistry, indicated induction of capacitation between 2 and 4 h in vitro culture. Tyrosine phosphorylation signal was particularly robust in mCCM and mNCSU-23 incubated sperm, although significant acrosome exocytosis was not observed in response to progesterone supplementation after 3 h incubation in any of the media. In sum, results indicate mCCM and mNCSU-23 are promising base media for the in vitro incubation and capacitation of red wolf sperm, for assisted reproduction applications.

Lay summary

Development of assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination is of high importance to the genetic management of critically endangered species such as the red wolf (Canis rufus). However, these technologies require the ability to maintain sperm viability and function during extended incubation, which has not been successful for the red wolf thus far. In this study, various culture media developed for sperm/egg/embryo culture in large mammalian species were evaluated for their ability to maintain red wolf sperm motility under physiological incubation conditions. Media and conditions previously utilized for domestic dog sperm were found to best support sperm incubation and capacitation (process of becoming competent to fertilize an egg) in the red wolf, representing a key step for future development of assisted reproductive technologies for the species.
Desafíos en la inclusión de personas transgénero en la educación superior. VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Investigación sobre Gobernanza Universitaria
Authors: Oscar Leonardo Molina Sierra , Ingrid Johanna Wesso , Judith Daniela Vargas Ruiz
Published: November 2020

La discusión sobre inclusión de género en las instituciones Universitarias ha quedado rezagada, toda vez que se presentan cabios sociales donde debe entenderse y estudiarse los lineamientos que permiten una reciprocidad para las personas transgénero, pues la afectación y estigmatización que aún han sufrido genera ciertas deficiencias en la implementación de métodos para reducir las brechas de discriminación. Para ello se propone estudiar de manera concreta la población transgénero y sus experiencias en la educación superior, realizar trabajo de campo aplicado a una población en concreto como son las personas transgénero y dar soluciones pertinentes teniendo en cuenta varios factores como educación básica, desarrollo físico y emocional. Con lo anterior dar una propuesta clara y concina que permitan suplir las necesidades no solo de la población transgénero sino de las mismas entidades educativas en este aspecto
La afectividad como estrategia en el proceso de aprendizaje en la educación superior. VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Investigación sobre Gobernanza Universitaria
Authors: Priscilla Rosa Farias , Liliane Kolling , Hildegard Susana Jung
Published: November 2020

El afecto es impulsado por la experiencia de sentimientos y emociones y se desarrolla a través de la formación del individuo. Con el inicio de la Pandemia del Covid-19, los estudiantes de la Educación Superior presencial pudieron sentir la falta de intercambio de experiencias, afectos y espacios sociales, vivida entre compañeros y profesores. El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar sobre la importancia de la afectividad en el proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante en la Educación Superior. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, del tipo revisión de la literatura, basada en autores como Pestalozzi (1931), Maturana (2005) e Incontri (1996). Los resultados indican que: a) El afecto es una estrategia fundamental en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, y le corresponde al docente utilizarlo en su beneficio y en el de su alumno. b) En cualquier situación de aprendizaje, ya sea en Educación Superior o Educación Básica, el afecto y el amor en las acciones son fundamentales.
La gobernanza a través de las TIC en el contexto de pandemia vivenciado desde una universidad regional chilena: debilidades y fortalezas ante la emergencia. VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Investigación sobre Gobernanza Universitaria
Authors: Jenniffer Paulette Peralta Montecinos , Yasna Godoy Henríquez , Norman Garrido Cabezas
Published: November 2020

La crisis sanitaria ocurre en Chile inmediatamente después de una profunda crisis social cuya representación popular se sitúa desde el 18 de octubre del año 2019, en donde se intensifican las movilizaciones sociales traducidas en marchas ciudadanas, paralizaciones institucionales y ocupaciones irregulares de establecimientos universitarios para impedir el normal desarrollo de las actividades académicas y administrativas. Este contexto se mantuvo hasta finales de diciembre del citado año, debiendo los planteles de educación superior ocupar el mes de enero del año 2020 para normalizar algunas de sus actividades. Sin embargo, el mes de febrero, prevé un receso que tradicionalmente trascurre sin actividades docentes, por lo que la súbita llegada de Covid 19, en el mes de marzo, obligó a las instituciones de educación a impulsar en forma acelerada la comunicación mediada por plataformas como Zoom, Teams, Google Meets, entre otras, para realizar su cometido. No obstante, este cambio forzado tuvo un gran impacto en la gobernanza de las instituciones de educación superior, con una arraigada tradición presencial, los diversos estamentos debieron poner en funcionamiento, en solo dos semanas, estrategias y recursos no previstos para articular las estructuras organizacionales en los establecimientos y dar curso al año académico. Este ejercicio de inmersión inmediata de la gobernanza universitaria en el contexto de las TIC, significó una experiencia importante de narrar y analizar desde la perspectiva de los diversos actores universitarios. Los protagonistas son los vicerrectores, decanos, directores, académicos, funcionarios de gestión y estudiantes de una universidad regional del norte de Chile que enfrentan, hasta hoy, la crisis que significa mantener actividades mediadas por dispositivos electrónicos conectados a Internet. Esto ha obligado a todos a ser protagonistas y reconocer fortalezas y debilidades que, en conjunto, permiten reflexionar en torno a sucesos sin precedentes y rescatar las recomendaciones necesarias para un mejor proceder en un escenario con muchos problemas para la gobernanza efectiva y eficiente. El ensayo obtiene perspectivas triestamentales derivadas de la experiencia de casos de informantes clave cuyos testimonios son potencialmente útiles en otros contextos con características regionales similares en donde se entrecruzan aspectos positivos y negativos para enfrentar emergencias como la originada por la pandemia del Covid 19
Fast-responsive temperature-sensitive hydrogels
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Dai Qingqing , Zhong Haoquan , Liu Xinxin , Ren Junli
Published: November 2020

Temperature fast-responsive and magnetic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) (CMX-MNP-PNIPAm/Fe3O4) hydrogels were developed using carboxymethyl xylan (CMX) as a pore-forming agent and a NaCl solution as the reaction medium, followed by fabricating Fe3O4 nanoparticles in situ within the hydrogel matrix. It was found that NaCl played a role in the phase separation and was used as the electrolyte to shield CMX molecular chains. The obtained hydrogels exhibited a fast, temperature-responsive behavior, and the water retention was less than 15% for 1 min under 60 °C. The prepared hydrogels showed enhanced mechanical properties and magnetic properties due to the presence of Fe3O4 particles. The lower critical solution temperature of the hydrogels was in the range of 35 to 39 °C, which was acquired through adjusting the amount of hydrophilic monomer (AM). The magnetic and thermosensitive hydrogel had the attractive photothermal conversion ability and could be heated to 40 °C within 2 min, and to 69 °C within 7 min under near infrared irradiation.
Effects of heat treatment systems on the physical properties of coated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and poplar (Populus euramericana)
Authors: Can Ahmet
Published: November 2020

Heat treatment is an environmentally friendly and efficient way to improve the properties of wood species. These treatments alter the substrates and can inﬂuence the surface properties of the varnish coatings. This paper investigated the effects of heat treatment on the physical properties of open and close systems Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and poplar (Populus euramericana) wood, coated with water-based, polyurethane-based, and oil/wax-based varnishes. Heat treatment was applied at the temperatures of 190, 212 °C for pine and 180, 200 °C for poplar, respectively. Color, gloss, and roughness tests were carried out for each of the coatings. Higher mass loss occurred in pine samples with heat treatment as compared to vacuum-heat treatment. Gloss decreased in OIL+WAX treatment and color change increased after the heat treatment, but these results were inhibited with vacuum-heat treatment. Maximum roughness was obtained in PUR varnishes and minimum roughness in OIL + WAX samples. The low roughness values provide some advantages in application.
THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CYTOKINE PARAMETERS OF IMMUNE INFLAMMATION, ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH GOUT
Authors:   Bogomoletz National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Natrus L.V. , Maltsev D.V. ,   Bogomoletz National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Klys Yu.G. ,   Bogomoletz National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Panova T.I. ,   Bogomoletz National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kondratiuk V.E. ,   Bogomoletz National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Konovalov S.E. ,   Bogomoletz National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

The correlations between cytokine status, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) content, clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with various forms of gout were studied to improve the algorithm for monitoring of clinical condition and effectiveness of treatment. For patients with gout and volunteers clinical and biochemical studies were performed. The content of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-17, IL-22, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and VEGF were investigated. Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17 characterized of inflammation intensity at all stages of gout and increased linearly as the disease progressed. At the stage of asymptomatic hyperuricemia, there were an increased (75% of the control group) concentration of IL-22 on the background of lymphopenia, low concentrations of IL-10 and VEGF. This indicates that the content of IL-22 is a potentially informative biomarker of inflammation intensity as well as a possible predictor of the development of immune-dependent complications and vascular catastrophes in the early stages of gout without signs of joint damage. The concentration of TNF-α positively correlates with the content of IL-10 (r = 0.534); whereas the concentration of IL-1β is independent of the content of IL-10. The relationship between IL-1β and VEGF concentrations (r = 0.40) suggests that IL-1β is more closely associated with endothelial dysfunction and the risk of vascular complications. IL-22 levels do not correlate with other cytokine status, but are associated with lymphocyte counts, so signs of Th22-dependent immune inflammation may be a potential biomarker of lymphocytic depression status in gout. Cytokine status changes in different phases and stages of hyperuricemia. Comparing these changes with the clinical and laboratory picture improves monitoring of the disease development and effectiveness of treatment.
Pencabutan Izin Usaha Penyelenggaraan Ibadah Umrah
Authors: Romlah Siti
Published: November 2020

Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara mayoritas muslim di dunia, tentunya selalu mengirimkan jamaah umrah setiap tahunnya, karena umrah juga merupakan salah satu bentuk ibadah umat muslim kepada Allah. Data dari BPS pada tahun 2015 menyatakan bahwa minat masyarakat Indonesia untuk melaksanakan ibadah umrah sangat tinggi dan mencapai 154.455 orang yang berangkat umrah setiap tahunnya. Salman Maggalatung menyebutkan beberapa faktor yang dapat menjadi penyebab meningkatnya minat masyarakat Indonesia terhadap umrah, yaitu 1) meningkatnya kesadaran religius yang disertai dengan meningkatnya kemampuan ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia, 2) biaya untuk melakukan ibadah umrah tidak terlalu besar dibandingkan dengan biaya haji, 3) peran media elektronik dalam mempromosikan ibadah umrah dan, 4) banyaknya promosi-promosi yang dilakukan oleh penyelenggara ibadah umrah (Maggalatung, 2017: 173-176).
Kewenangan Pengadilan Negeri Untuk Mengadili Kasus Pidana Adat
Authors: Nurhalimah Siti
Published: November 2020

Pasal 18 B ayat (2) UUD 1945 menggariskan bahwa Negara mengakui dan menghormati kesatuan-kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat beserta hak-hak tradisionalnya sepanjang masih hidup dan sesuai dengan perkembangan masyarakat dan prinsip Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, yang diatur dalam undang-undang. Dari pasal tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa, masyarakat adat memiliki legitimasi yang kuat untuk dapat melaksanakan hak tradisionalnya, termasuk hak untuk tunduk pada hukum yang diamininya. Sehingga, jika suatu permasalahan telah diadili berdasarkan hukum adat, namun diadili kembali di pengadilan, hal ini seakan menunjukkan bahwa negara hanya mengakui keberadaan masyarakat hukum adat tanpa menghormati hukum yang mereka amini. Hal tersebut senada dengan ungkapan Satjipto Rahardjo bahwa di satu sisi negara mengakui keberadaan masyarakat hukum adat, namun di sisi lain negara seakan mencekik masyarakat adat itu sendiri (Rahardjo, 2009).
Asas Legalitas vs Hukum Adat: Eksistensi Hukum Adat dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia
Authors: Romlah Siti
Published: November 2020

Indonesia merupakan negara pluralisme, dimana terdapat berbagai macam suku yang tersebar di Indonesia. Suku-suku tersebut tentunya memiliki aturan atau yang biasa disebut dengan hukum adat mereka masing-masing. Hukum tersebut hidup dan dipatuhi dalam masyarakat adat yang tersebar di Indonesia. Bahkan tak jarang dari mereka lebih mematuhi hukum adat dari pada hukum yang dibuat oleh pemerintah, padahal dalam Pasal 1 Ayat (1) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana menyatakan: “Tiada suatu perbuatan yang dapat dipidana selain berdasarkan kekuatan ketentuan perundang-undangan pidana yang mendahuluinya.”Andi Hamzah dalam bukunya memberikan beberapa kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dari pasal tersebut. Pertama, jika suatu perintah maupun larangan ingin dibuat menjadi sesuatu yang dapat dipaksakan dan dapat diancam dengan pidana, maka larangan atau perintah tersebut harus dicantumkan dalam undang-undang pidana. Kedua, hukum tersebut tidak boleh berlaku surut (Hamzah, 2008: 40).Lalu bagaimana dengan kedudukan hukum adat? Apakah hukum adat mengikat atau tidak? Dan hukum manakah yang ia pilih ketika seseorang harus bertanggung jawab secara pidana, namun dirinya sendiri terikat dengan hukum adat? Apakah ia harus dihukum menggunakan hukum konvensional ataukah menggunakan hukum adat yang berlaku?
Calon Tunggal Sebagai Wujud Disfungsi Partai Politik
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim
Published: November 2020

Fenomena calon tunggal pada pemilihan umum kepala daerah serentak mewarnai suhu politik di Indonesia. Hal ini bermula pada tahun 2015 dengan terdapatnya tiga daerah dan tahun 2017 terdapat sembilan daerah, dan kemungkinan masih tetap ada dalam pemilukada berikutnya. Munculnya fenomena ini disebabkan karena kurangnya partisipasi partai politik untuk mengajukan kader-kader terbaik dari masing-masing partai, sehingga berdampak pada terjadinya liberalisasi politik untuk memenangkan satu pasangan calon saja.
Urgensi Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah Berbadan Hukum
Authors: Nasution Latipah
Published: November 2020

Rentannya perekonomian Indonesia saat ini, telah mendorong pemerintah turut serta dalam memberdayakan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM). Pasalnya sektor ini dapat menyerap tenaga kerja yang cukup banyak. Eksistensi UMKM tidak diragukan lagi karena telah terbukti mampu menopang prekonomian masyarakat terutama pasca krisis ekonomi dan sekaligus menjadi tumpuan masyarakat dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraannya. Adapun definisi usaha kecil menurut Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2008 Tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah pada pasal 1 adalah usaha ekonomi produktif yang berdiri sendiri, yang dilakukan oleh orang perorangan atau badan usaha yang bukan merupakan anak perusahaan atau bukan cabang perusahaan yang dimiliki, dikuasai atau menjadi bagian, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung, dari usaha menengah atau usaha besar.
Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial Negara Federasi Rusia
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim
Published: November 2020

Rusia dengan nama resmi Rossiyskaya  Federatsiya (Russian Federation) adalah negara terluas di dunia yang wilayahnya terbentang dari Eropa Timur hingga Asia bagian Utara. Luas wilayahnya hampir sama dengan luas planet Pluto yang mencapai 17.075.200 km (tujuh belas juta tujuh puluh lima ribu dua ratus) kilometer persegi. Sebelum menjadi negara independen dari Uni Soviet, rezim Soviet menguasai Rusia dan Eropa Timur dengan sistem Sosialis. Pemimpin pertama Uni Soviet pada saat itu yaitu Vladimir Lenin membentuk negara Soviet berpaham sosialis komunis yang artinya tidak ada kepemilikan pribadi, dan segala kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat diatur dan diawasi oleh pemerintah pusat. Namun setelah runtuhnya Uni Soviet di tahun 1991, pemimpin Rusia saat itu lebih condong ke arah paham demokrasi, sehingga berubahlah haluan Rusia menjadi negara Federal berpaham Demokrasi Republik dan terbentuklah sistem pemerintahan Presidensial. Didalamnya Rusia menerapkan pembagian kekuasan yang terpisah antara kekuasaan Yudikatif, eksekutif, dan legislatif dengan tugas pokok pada masing-masing yang berbeda.
Menentang Gagasan Parlemen Anti-kritik
Authors: Latipah Latipah
Published: November 2020

Gagasan  Founding Father kita, Soekarno mengenai Pancasila yang dikenal saat ini sejatinya memiliki tujuan khusus, yang sudah sepatutnya dipahami ketika negara Indonesia mengalami kehilangan arah seperti saat ini. Pintu demokrasi yang terbuka lebar secara langsung memberikan ruang tingkat partisipasi yang tinggi dalam penyelenggaraan negara ternyata tidak mencerminkan kemanusiaan yang beradab. Konflik horizontal yang semakin menunjukkan tidak adanya persatuan, dan demokrasi hanya dianggap sebagai tujuan negara telah menjatuhkan Pancasila dari realitas kebangsaan dan kenegaraan.
Demokrasi dan Keadilan Sebagai Legitimasi Suara Rakyat
Authors: Sujatmiko Sujatmiko
Published: November 2020

Manusia diciptakan oleh Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dengan seperangkat hak yang menjamin derajatnya sebagai manusia. Hak-hak inilah yang kemudian disebut dengan Hak Asasi Manusia, yaitu hak yang diperoleh sejak kelahirannya sebagai manusia yang merupakan karunia Sang Pencipta. Dalam kenyataannya, manusia selalu hidup dalam komunitas sosial untuk dapat menjaga derajat kemanusiaan dan mencapai tujuannya. Akibatnya, muncul struktur sosial. Sehingga dibutuhkan kekuasaan untuk menjalankan organisasi sosial tersebut. Kekuasaan dalam suatu organisasi dapat diperoleh berdasarkan legitimasi religius, legitimasi ideologis eliter dan legitimasi pragmatis. Hanya saja legitimasi-legitimasi tersebut, cenderung mengarah pada kekuasaan yang absolut, karena kewenangan yang dimiliki menjadikan ketiga legitimasi tersebut menjadi kekuasaan yang otoriter.
Penegakan Hukum Berkeadilan Sebagai Perwujudan Demokrasi Indonesia
Authors: Indriyani Desi
Published: November 2020

Pemegang kedaulatan tertinggi di Indonesia adalah rakyat, yang menunjukkan Indonesia adalah negara demokrasi. Hal ini berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal 1 ayat (2) yang berbunyi: “Kedaulatan adalah di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan menurut Undang-Undang Dasar”. (Sodikin, 2014: 106). Bagi suatu negara demokrasi, pastilah menjadikan pula ‘hukum’ sebagai salah satu asasnya yang lain. Ada dua bukti otentik dan konstitusional bahwa Indonesia berasas negara hukum. Pertama, disebutkannya secara eksplisit di dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal 1 ayat (3) bahwa Indonesia ialah negara yang berdasar atas hukum (rechtsstaat) tidak berdasarkan atas kekuasaan (machstaat)”. Kedua, negara Indonesia sudah memenuhi persyaratan untuk disebut sebagai negara hukum.
Demokrasi di Era Reformasi
Authors: Makhfudz M
Published: November 2020

Lahirnya era reformasi sebagai cermin dari sikap bangsa untuk kembali pada sistem ketatanegaraan sesuai dengan konstitusi yang dikonstruksikan sebagai kesepakatan tertinggi atau bahkan sebagai kontrak sosial seluruh rakyat untuk dan dalam bernegara. Bentuk perumusannya dapat dilihat dalam Undang-Undang Dasar, atau fakta tertulis yang tidak hanya terdokumentasi dalam satu kesatuan naskah, tetapi tercatat dalam banyak naskah sejarah, seperti “Piagam Jakarta, dan sebagainya.
Ising Model in Human Social Interaction; The Physics Application Theory in Social Field
Authors: Zahra Yulia
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhysics as a natural science is very wide. One of the intriguing topics which were so famous in 1925 is the Ising Model. This model describes the interaction of spins in lattices. A spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles. Elementary particles are very tiny which composed a body. In reality, they always interact with each other and their interactions are so complicated. If we connect this phenomenon with social interaction, where all human beings in daily life always interact with each other. This is an extraordinary fact, that not only humans always interact as social creatures, but also elementary particles interact with each other and the environment around them.Keywords: Ising Model, social creatures, interaction AbstrakFisika sebagai ilmu alam sangat luas. Salah satu topik menarik yang sangat terkenal pada tahun 1925 adalah Ising Model. Model ini menggambarkan interaksi spin dalam kisi. Spin adalah bentuk intrinsik dari momentum sudut yang dibawa oleh partikel elementer. Partikel-partikel elementer sangat kecil yang membentuk suatu benda. Pada kenyataannya mereka selalu saling berinteraksi dan intereksinya sangat rumit. Jika kita menghubungkan fenomena ini dengan interaksi sosial, di mana semua manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari selalu saling berinteraksi. Ini adalah fakta yang luar biasa, bahwa tidak hanya manusia selalu berinteraksi sebagai makhluk sosial, tetapi juga partikel elementer berinteraksi satu sama lain dan lingkungan di sekitar mereka.Kata kunci: Ising Model, makhluk sosial, interection
Plus dan Minus Sistem Ujian Akhir Semester Universitas 'Face to Face' di Rusia Bagi Mahasiswa Asing
Authors: Zahra Yulia
Published: November 2020

AbstrakUjian akhir semester merupakan salah satu bagian penting dalam penilaian akhir bagi mahasiswa. Di Rusia ujian akhir semester memiliki suatu keunikan yang mungkin jarang kita temui di negara-negara lain. Face to Face adalah sistem ujian akhir semester yang biasanya diterapkan di universitas-universitas di Rusia. Saat ujian akhir semester, mahasiswa akan diberikan sejumlah daftar soal yang harus di hafalkan dan saat ujian akhir semester berlangsung maka secara acak mahasiswa harus menjelaskan satu atau dua soal secara langsung kepada dosen yang bersangkutan. Hal ini memberikan  dampak positif dan negatif bagi mahasiswa asing.Kata kunci: Face to Face, penilaian, universitas di Rusia AbstractThe final semester exam is an important part of the final assessment for students. In Russia, the final semester exams have a uniqueness that we may rarely encounter in other countries. Face to Face is a system of end of semester examinations that is usually applied at universities in Russia. At the end of the semester exams, students will be given a number of lists of questions that must be memorized and at the end of the semester exams, the student must randomly explain one or two questions directly to the lecturer concerned. This has positive and negative impacts for foreign students.Keywords: Face to Face, assessments, universities in Russia
The Paradox of Legislativa: Regulasi Bagi Ideologi
Authors: Syanel Muhammad Faiz Putra
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKPerjalanan panjang pancasila sebagai ideology telah menuai banyak kontroversi. Salah satunya, upaya pemerintah untuk menyeragamkan pancasila kepada semua pihak. Penolakan bermunculan dari seluruh strata masyarakat. Karena pemerintah akan membentuk penyeragaman melalui hukum, yakni dalam bentuk RUU HIP/PIP. Gagasan ini akan menimbulkan banyak pertentangan, dari pengkerdilan pancasila, kerancuan ketatanegaraan, hingga paradox yang dihasilkan dari regulasi ini. Sebagai ideal ideology, seharusnya pancasila merdeka dengan segala penafsiran serta tak perlu dipamerkan dengan bentuk aturan.Kata Kunci: Pancasila, RUU HIP, RUU PIP ABSTRACTThe long and winding pancasila’s journey as an ideology has reaped plenty of controvercy. The endeavour of Government to force all parties to believe in pancasila, for instance. At the present, The Legislative Body of Indonesia is drafting the regulation for pancasila on implementation level, called RUU HIP/PIP. On the other hand, there is a sea of rejection from Indonesian society for that issue.  Inasmuch as, this idea will triggered the contradictions of pancasila as an ideology, the ambiguity of national ordinances and the existence of paradogical regulation. As an ideal ideology, pancasila should be free with every interpretation, thus it is not necessary to be displayed by specific regulation.Keyword: Pancasila, RUU HIP, RUU PIP
Jaminan Hak Atas Pekerjaan Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas Di Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat Rayhan Naufaldi
Published: November 2020

Abstract:Persons with disabilities have equal and equal rights to access jobs to meet their needs. Like humans in general, these rights are inherent in persons with disabilities and must be protected, fulfilled and upheld by the state. Comprehensive legal institutions are deliberately prepared so that they can accommodate these demands. It is merely aimed at realizing social justice for persons with disabilities.Keywords: Disability, Human Rights, Social Justice, Employment, Welfare.Abstrak:  Penyandang disabilitas memiliki hak yang sama dan setara dalam mengakses pekerjaan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Sebagaimana manusia pada umumnya, hak tersebut melekat pada diri penyandang disabilitas dan wajib untuk dilindungi, dipenuhi dan ditegakan oleh negara. Pranata hukum yang bersifat komprehensif sengaja disiapkan agar dapat mengakomodasi tuntutan tersebut. Hal itu semata-mata bertujuan untuk mewujudkan keadilan sosial bagi penyandang disabilitas.Kata Kunci: Disabilitas, Hak Asasi Manusia, Keadilan Sosial, Pekerjaan, Kesejahteraan.
Hak Kebebasan Berpendapat dan Berekspresi dalam Ruang Publik di Era Digital
Authors: Nasution Latipah
Published: November 2020

AbstractDemocracy as an Indonesian government system has implications for equal rights, obligations and equal treatment for all its citizens. Freedom of opinion is basically a right owned by every individual guaranteed by the constitution, this is contained in Article 28E paragraph (3). The advancement of technology and information is one of the platforms in the delivery of opinions by the people in Indonesia. Communication technology with various kinds of social media has given freedom to each individual to express their opinions through various types of social media communication. The development of information technology media is characterized by various problems. The limitation of human rights in various aspects is a form of control over the avoidance of brutal and transgressing freedom.Keywords: Freedom of Opinion, Democracy, Communication Information Technology (ICT) AbstrakDemokrasi sebagai sistem pemerintahan Indonesia memberikan implikasi terhadap persamaan hak, kewajiban dan perlakuan yang sama bagi seluruh warga negaranya. Kebebasan  berpendapat pada dasarnya merupakan hak yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu yang dijamin oleh konstitusi, hal ini termuat pada Pasal 28E ayat (3). Kemajuan teknologi dan informasi merupakan salah satu wadah dalam penyampaian pendapat oleh masyarakat di Indonesia. Teknologi komunikasi dengan berbagai macam media sosial telah memberikan kebebasan kepada tiap individu untuk mengekspresikan pendapatnya melalaui berbagai jenis media sosial komunikasi. Perkembangan media teknologi informasi diwarnai berbagai permasalahan. Pembatasan HAM dalam berbagai aspek merupakan bentuk kontrol terhindarnya kebebasan yang brutal dan melampaui batas.Kata kunci: Kebebasan Berpendapat, Demokrasi, Teknologi Informasi Komunikasi (TIK)