bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tetmajerowskie polichromie w kaplicy św. Trójcy katedry na Wawelu
Authors: Filipek Sławomir
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the polychromies by Włodzimierz Tetmajer in the Chapel ofSt. Trinity at Wawel Cathedral. In the introduction, I mention the artistic interestsof the painter himself and provide a brief historical background of the chapel wherethe polychrome work is located. In this text I also briefly discuss the competitionfor the polychrome work, referring to various figures and mutual animosities.In the main part of this paper, I analyze the entire iconographic program, whichincludes both the vault and the walls of the chapel. While creating the work at Wawel,the artist explored a space in which four distinct themes can be indicated: 1) the patronageof the Chapel of St. Trinity, 2) reference to the founder (Queen Sonka), 3) Marianthemes, and 4) the pantheon of Poles on the chapel’s vault. The artist placed the themerelated to the chapel’s invocation in the upper zone of the southern wall. A group offigures (the Holy Trinity) was painted between two angelic figures with widely spreadwings that highlight the entire scene. On the same wall (southern), in the lower part, theartist depicted a reference to the place’s benefactor, Queen Sophia. Tetmajer portrayedSt. Sophia in it, with her three daughters as personifications of Divine Wisdom andvirtues. The Marian theme in the Chapel of St. Trinity was emphasized by the artist inseveral places, indicating the strong Marian cult in Polish history. On the northern wall,Virgin Mary accompanies the scene of the Allegory of the Dead Poland, presented ina praying posture over a lying personification of Poland. The last and most elaborate theme of the work, depicted on its vault, is the so-called Pantheon of Great Poles.The symbolism of placing 35 prominent Polish figures on the vault is difficult to decipher.It cannot be analyzed using a simple chronological, thematic, or topographic key,although certain ideological assumptions can be identified.In the final part of the text, I address the influences on the concept, the iconographicprogram, as well as the issue of the meaning and ideological significance ofthe polychrome work.
Kardynał Karol Wojtyła (1964-1978), „depozytariusz” katedry wawelskiej. Uczestnik prac nad eksploracją grobu i ponownego pochówku króla Kazimierza IV Jagiellończyka (1427-1492) i jego żony Elżbiety Rakuszanki (1437-1505)
Authors: Matyga Wojciech
Published: October 2023

28 March 2023 is the day of the 659th anniversary of the consecration of the currentGothic Cathedral on Wawel Hill, dedicated to St. Stanislaus, bishop and martyr andSt. Wenceslaus. It is worth looking at this temple from a theological and historicalperspective. Only then can its walls, chapels, crypts, altars, royal sarcophagi, reliquaries,and commemorative marble plaques, witnesses to bygone centuries, “speak” to us.Only in this way can we feel a deep connection to God, the Church, and Poland in thisplace. Cardinal Karol Wojtyła taught us to look at Wawel Cathedral in this way as theMetropolitan Archbishop of Cracow from 1964 to 1978, and its “custodian.”The history of our country is inscribed in the walls of the Wawel Cathedral. Thetemple contains the tombs of almost all Polish rulers (17, including St. Jadwiga and Anna Jagiellon) – from Władysław I the Elbow-high to Stanisław Leszczyński. We canrealize that we are a nation with a history of over a thousand years, which has seendays of might and glory, as well as defeats. For people living centuries ago, buryingkings in the cathedral was not a reward or recognition of their merits, but a nationaltradition, as was the case with the burial of the royal couple – Casimir IV Jagiellon,the “King of Kings,” and his wife Elizabeth of Austria, the “Mother of Kings.” Thewalls of the royal cathedral on Wawel Hill are a “treasury” that preserves preciousand invaluable treasures. They have witnessed three reburials of monarchs in theirhistory. The first was the burial of King Casimir III the Great (1333-1370) on 8 July1869, the second was that of Queen Jadwiga of Poland (1384-1399) on 14 July 1949,and the third, 50 years ago, of the royal couple of Casimir IV Jagiellon and his wifeElizabeth of Austria on 18 October 1973. Cardinal Wojtyła was the organizer of thisceremony, presided over by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, the Primate of Poland, whodelivered the sermon. Representatives of the Polish Episcopal Conference, clergy, andnumerous faithful also participated.
Autobiograficzna biografia
Authors: Orzechowski Emil
Published: October 2023

The article is a contribution to the discussion to what extent Modjeska’s biographiesare critical studies and to what extent they are based on suggestionsgiven by the actress herself. Two earliest books on her are analyzed: HelenaModjeska with Illustrations by J. Altemus, published in New York in 1883, andThe Story of Helena Modjeska (Madame Chlapowska), published in London in1883. Both heavily rely on the information acquired mainly from Modjeskaand her husband, which makes them valuable to researchers of her life andwork inasmuch as they allow to explore how she wished her achievements tobe remembered. At the same time both remain considerably at odds with theauthorized version of her Memories and Impressions, which Modjeska put outin English in New York in 1910 (and which was published in Polish only in1957).
Aktorka objazdowa. Helena Modrzejewska
Authors: Kędziora Alicja
Published: October 2023

Modjeska’s American debut coincided with the proliferation of mixed theater companies that made several-months long tours of the towns and cities of the continent. The article presents the way Modjeska functioned on the American theater market and the varying influence she had over the artistic and practical aspects of the tours. Besides, the status of a ‘leading man’ in the team of the star is explored.
Wielka Miłośnica. Kim była Kleopatra Modrzejewskiej?
Authors: Kędziora Alicja
Published: October 2023

Helena Modjeska appeared twice in Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra: in 1800 and 1898. The first production, based on the Polish translation by Leopold Urlich, took place in the Government Theaters in Warsaw, while the second one, in English, in America. The Polish performance was done in preparation for the actress’s debut on the English stage in London. The article attempts to get the idea of Modjeska’s interpretation of Cleopatra, mainly on the basis of newspaper accounts by J.I. Kotarbiński, K. Kaszewski, J. Kenig, and others.
Recenzja jest jedna
Authors: Kłak-Ambrożkiewicz Marta
Published: October 2023

Jan Matejko (1838–1893) was not only a talented painter, but also a teacher of many generations of Polish artists, student of antiquities, an admirer of historical monuments, and a collector. The inspiration for the article was a conversation between Jan Matejko and the art critic Konstanty Maria Górski, in which Matejko expressed his opinions on art and criticism. As the director of an art school, Matejko knew how important it was for students to familiarize themselves with art criticism and reviews. In the early stages of his career, he faced the problem of dealing with reviews of his works. This was particularly challenging because in mid-19th century Cracow, there were no exhibition salons, museums, or art market. In the ‘Obóz Młodych,’ meetings were initiated where young artists presented and discussed their works of various fields: poetry, sculpture, literature, science, and painting. Colleagues supported each other with good advice. Although the city ravaged by wars, famine, and fires had no art market, artists still needed to find interested audiences. That is why the opinions an advice of colleagues became the most valuable initial review.
Meditation Guidance, Spiritual Strengthening, and Mental Health for Patients with Covid-19: Neuroscience Approach
Authors: Jailani Mohammad , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: October 2023

Background: The spread of the Covid-19 virus outbreak in early March 2020, caused a high number of deaths worldwide. People infected with Covid-19 are not only physically infected but mentally (spiritually) are also infected. In Indonesia, many hospitals in all cities and villages have been instructed to lock down (limit communication and interaction). This research focuses on analyzing neuro-spiritual as an alternative spiritual approach to improving mental health for Covid-19 patients. Method: This study uses a qualitative method (content analysis), based on case studies at Muhammadiyah hospitals throughout the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia which are fully accredited (perfect). This study interviewed asymptomatic and symptomatic Covid-19 patients using a purposive sampling technique. The data qualitative analysis technique uses triangulation. Results: This study describes that patients suffering from Covid-19 are very diverse. Before the neuro-spiritual approach, Covid-19 patients felt constrained. The existence of a neuro-spiritual approach, namely a spiritual approach, such as fasting, night prayers (tahajjud), reading the Koran, and interacting with friends, has a good and positive impact on Covid-19 patients. A neuro-spiritual approach that prioritizes and relies on spiritual power (worship) that responds to the brain, is an alternative method used by PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Conclusion: A neuro-spiritual approach can improve the mental health of Covid-19 patients. This approach is very relevant to the reference perspective of Islamic studies which has implications for the Covid-19 disaster in Indonesia.
University Readiness Analysis Towards Green Campus: A Case Study Using UI GreenMetric
Authors: Pascawati Nur Alvira , Lusiyati Elisabeth Deta , Untari Jati , Ramadanti Dea Putri
Published: October 2023

Background: Global warming is a problem that attracts the world's attention because of its harmful effects on living things, including in Indonesia. One of the efforts made by the government is to invite universities to play an active role in reducing the impact of global warming through the green campus program. This study aims to analyze the university's readiness for a Green Campus through a case study at Universitas Respati Yogyakarta (UNRIYO). Method: This research uses a descriptive-quantitative method with case studies at Campus 2 UNRIYO. The population is the entire academic community, infrastructure, transportation, and guidelines that are by the Green Campus indicator. Instruments and data analysis using guidelines from UI GreenMetric with observational variables consisting of 6 indicators, namely Setting & Infrastructure (SI), Energy and Climate Change (EC), Waste (WS), Water (WR), Transportation (TR), and Education & Research (ED). Results: The results of the assessment show that UNRIYO on the SI indicator is at a score of 350 (readiness level 23.3%), EC score of 725 (34.5%), WS score of 450 (25% readiness level), TR score of 0, ED score of 425 (19.4% readiness level). Conclusion: These results indicate that UNRIYO is at a level that is less ready to implement Green Campus. The obstacles experienced are: 1) The supervisory function is still weak so the implementation of the green campus is not sustainable. 2) Incompatibility of infrastructure to realize smart building. 3) There is no sanction and appreciation for the practice of Green Campus. 4) Weak only policy support to create a sustainable environment. 5) Less massive Green Campus socialization, 8) Limited human resources in integrating scientific competence with tri dharma towards Green Campus.
A Literature Review: Effectiveness of Swedish Foot Massage Therapy on Quality of Sleep in Elderly with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Widyaningrum Rahmah , Ulum Tri Hadi Miftahul , Yulianti Anis Dwi
Published: October 2023

Background: Aging processes in the elderly lead to degenerative diseases, one of them being essential hypertension. The elderly with hypertension often complain about sleeping problems, difficulty staying awake, often waking up in the middle of the night, and later difficulty going back to sleep, waking up too early, and sleeping poorly. Treatment of sleeping problems may include pharmacology and non-pharmacology. One nonpharmacological treatment was a complementary therapy called foot massage with Swedish techniques. The purpose is to determine the effect of Swedish foot massage therapy on sleep quality in the elderly with essential hypertension.
Method: Literature Review. Data Sources: Science Direct, Springer Nature, Hindawi, Researchgate, and Sinta. The research method used is Literature Review with the PICO Analyst method (Problem, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) from 2011 to 2021 with the keywords "Swedish foot massage" AND "sleep quality" AND "hypertension". Based on the purpose of this study, the researcher reviewed 256 articles, and 251 were excluded.
Results: Based on the results of the analysis of 5 journals, the duration of the research intervention varies widely, ranging from 2 days to 1 month. The average frequency of an intervention is 1-2 times a day. The duration of each meeting ranges from 20-40 minutes.
Conclusions: Based on the results of the analysis of 5 journals, the intervention of Swedish foot massage therapy significantly improves the sleep quality of hypertensive patients. The researchers recommend Swedish foot massage therapy to improve the quality of sleep for people with essential hypertension.
Substitution of Durian Seed Flour and Butterfly Pea Flower Extra in Donuts as Children's Healthy Snack
Authors: Isnaini Muharrammah , Harahap Reni Agustina
Published: October 2023

Background: Snacks, of course, cannot be separated from human life, especially for children who are growing up. Technological developments have made local food commodities utilize waste durian seeds and use butterfly pea flowers. Durian seed flour and butterfly pea flower have good nutritional content for children's food. Method: This study is an experimental study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatments. (Treatment A) 170 grams of wheat flour + 30 grams of durian seed flour + butterfly pea flower extract, (Treatment B) 140 grams of wheat flour + 60 grams of durian seed flour + butterfly pea flower extract. The organoleptic test assessment was carried out by 25 untrained panelist subjects who were carried out at the Mandiri College Elementary School, Siombak, Medan Marelan. Results: From the above results we can see that treatment A with the addition of 30 grams of durian seed flour and extra butterfly pea flowers was the most preferred in terms of aroma, texture, color, and taste. The color category has a very fond interest with a value of 4.04, the aroma category has a liking interest with a value of 3.96, the texture category has a very fond interest with a value of 4.08, the taste category has a very like interest with a value of 4.28. Conclusion: Substituting durian seed flour and extra butterfly pea flowers for donuts can be another solution for healthy snacks for elementary school children.
Supplemental Efficacy in Tuberculosis Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Usman Noernahar Septisari , Solikhah Solikhah , Rosyidah Rosyidah , Hwang Jin Yi , Az Zahra Fauzia Farah
Published: October 2023

Background: Tuberculosis is a disease that continues to be a global issue because it contributes to high death and morbidity rates. To minimize the severity of tuberculosis, nutritional supplements should be given to tuberculosis patients. However, there are only a few studies in the literature that evaluate the impact of supplementation on overall clinical improvement in tuberculosis patients. This study aimed to update the current evidence of supplementation's clinical benefit for tuberculosis patients. Method: The databases Pubmed, Science Drive, and Sage were utilized to search for references to the publications included in this study. Following inclusion and exclusion extraction, seven of the 14,249 items discovered remained. Result: Six of the seven publications found that extra supplementation for tuberculosis patients led to clinical improvement, while one article found no benefit. Vitamin D1000IU, Vitamin D5000IU, Vitamin D2, Channa striata extraction, Calcitrol supplements, Baihe gujin (traditional herbs), and probiotic Lactobacillus casei are just a few of the supplements included in these seven pieces. Conclusion: Supplements can be given to tuberculosis patients in conjunction with anti-tuberculosis therapy because they have been shown to be effective in providing clinical improvement in patients, but their effectiveness is dependent on the type and dose given.
Narrative review: a study of pork DNA analysis methods in food gelatin
Authors: Ansor Nisa Aulia , Hariyanti Hariyanti , Rahmi Hanifah
Published: October 2023

Gelatin is a substance resulting from the partial hydrolysis of collagen consisting of animal cartilage, skin, and bones from water-soluble polypeptides. The problem formulation in this study is what DNA analysis methods can be used to detect pig DNA in food gelatin. This study aimed to collect, review, and conclude information regarding the most widely used DNA analysis method to detect pig DNA in food gelatin. From the results of the literature study, it can be concluded that the most widely used extraction method in the analysis of porcine DNA in food gelatin is the DNeasy® Mericon Food kit extraction method for good purity results, there is the foodproof® III Kit method, the universal Wizard KIT Promega®, the DNeasy® Mericon Food kit, and the Column based FavorPrep™ Food DNA Extraction Kit. The pig DNA analysis method is widely used in conventional PCR. Sensitivity, fast testing time, and gh acporcine gelatin sample was identified by the appearance of a band on the electrophoresis results.
Keywords: Food Gelatin, Extraction Method, DNA Analysis, Journal Review.
Fish-based gelatin: exploring a sustainable and halal alternative
Authors: Reza Muhammad , Annissa Devi
Published: October 2023

Gelatin derived from fish has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional gelatin derived from mammals, primarily due to its potential to meet the rising demand for halal-certified products. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the utilization and extraction of gelatin derived from fish as a halal-compliant substitute. This study gathered information regarding the source, extraction method, and contribution to physicochemical properties and applications by reviewing the relevant literature. It discusses the most frequently consumed fish species, such as tilapia, mackerel, and catfish, which are halal and possess outstanding gel-forming properties. Type A gelatine (pre-treated acid) is distinguished from type B gelatine (pre-treated alkaline) based on the solvent used for pre-treatment. Seventy-five percent of the twenty gelatin extraction studies utilized alkaline pre-treatment (i.e., NaOH), where the base solution can eliminate non-collagen from the skin or bone of fish, thereby obtaining pure collagen. All extraction processes are conducted using the hot water extraction method at temperatures ranging from 45 to 70 °C. This method is time-efficient, accelerates collagen decomposition and gelatin solubility, and increases gelatin yield (from 5.33 to 68.75%). The effects of various procedures, including acid and alkaline extraction, on gelatin gel strength, moisture content, ash content, protein content, and fat content are investigated. According to SNI, gelatine has a gel strength between 50 and 300, a moisture content that does not exceed 16%, a lipid content that does not exceed 5%, and an average protein content that does not exceed 87.65%. However, ash concentrations typically persist above 3.25%, presumably due to using bases in pre-treatment processes that do not perfectly dissolve minerals compared to acids. In conclusion, the source and method of extraction will impact the gelatin's characteristics and applications. 
Keywords: Gelatin, Fish-based gelatin, Physicochemical properties, Traditional gelatin, SNI
Phylogeny of Davallia (Davalliaceae) from Sumatra and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia: evidence from trnL-F Intergenic Spacer
Authors: MILDAWATI MILDAWATI , SOBIR SOBIR , SULISTIJORINI SULISTIJORINI , CHIKMAWATI TATIK
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Mildawati, Sobir, Sulistijorini, Chikmawati T. 2023. Phylogeny of Davallia (Davalliaceae) from Sumatra and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia: evidence from trnL-F Intergenic Spacer. Biodiversitas 24: 4589-4596. Davallia is a member of the family Davalliaceae, which has a wide distribution in the Malesia region. The classification of this genus based on morphological and molecular data shows differences that cause the relationship among species to be debated until now. This study aimed to examine the phylogeny of Davallia from Sumatra and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia based on trnL-F intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence data. A total of 26 accessions representing 10 Davallia species were selected as ingroup and Oleandra articulata (Sw.) C.Presl as an outgroup was downloaded from Gen-Bank (accession number KF667613.1). Data analysis using the Maximum Parsimony (MP) method confirmed Davallia into 2 clades with divided into 7 subclades. Results showed that trnL-F IGS sequence as a non-coding gene explains the grouping species in Davallia. trnL-F IGS sequence can estimate species identity caused by changes in nucleotide bases from mutation. The MP analysis showed each species was resolved as monophyletic. Based on the phylogenetic tree, the longest branching was found in D. corniculata, suggesting that this species is the most primitive in the genus of Davallia in this region. Thus, the trnL-F marker effectively showed the relationship among species in Davallia in Sumatra and Mentawai Islands.
Morphological and molecular characteristics of the species Cosmocerca commutata and C. ornata (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Uzbekistan
Authors: IKROMOV E.E. , KUCHBOEV A.E. , IKROMOV E.F. , SÜMER N. , YILDIRIMHAN H.S. , AMIROV O.O. , ZHUMABEKOVA B.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Ikromov EE, Kuchboev AE, Ikromov EF, Sümer N, Yildirimhan HS, Amirov OO, Zhumabekova B. 2023. Morphological and molecular characteristics of the species Cosmocerca commutata and C. ornata (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 24: 4609-4616. In studies on the helminth fauna of amphibians conducted by numerous researchers, two species of the genus Cosmocerca, namely Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845) Diesing, 1861 and C. commutata (Diesing, 1851), have emerged as the most common and extensively studied. This paper elucidates the morphology and molecular characteristics of two nematode species, Cosmocerca commutata and C. ornata, found in the intestines of Pelophylax sp. and Bufotes pewzowi in the Ferghana Valley of Uzbekistan. The captured amphibians were individually kept in plastic bags with water and vegetation until the examination. It is the first record of B. pewzowi as a host for both species C. commutata and C. ornata. Standard methods were used for the fixation and processing of nematodes. These nematodes ?orphologically differ in body size, relative length of spicules and gubernaculum (C. commutata has twice the length of gubernaculum and spicules compared to C. ornata), shape and number of plectanes (C. commutata has 8 pairs of plectans and 4 pairs of caudal papillae, while C. ornata has 5 pairs of plectanes and 3 pairs of caudal papillae), and tail morphology and length. The morphological evidence supports that C. commutata and C. ornata commonly parasitize anurans in Uzbekistan. This study provides molecular data of both species and their sequences differed by 1.5% (6 bp) in the ITS1+5.8S+ITS2 region. Each species of them formed a well-supported clade in the phylogenetic tree. Our findings contribute to the comprehension of species and genetic diversity of the genus Cosmocerca in Uzbekistan.
Ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants in the Don Pu Ta Forest by Kaloeng Ethnic Group, Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand
Authors: APPAMARAKA SOMBAT , SAENSOUK SURAPON , SAENSOUK PIYAPORN , JUNSONGDUANG AUEMPORN , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Appamaraka S, Saensouk S, Saensouk P, Junsongduang A, Setyawan AD. 2023. Ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants in the Don Pu Ta Forest by Kaloeng Ethnic Group, Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 4617-4635. Don Pu Ta Forest (in Thailand) is a vital conservation area with significant natural resources that are intertwined with the way of life, traditions, beliefs, and culture of the local community. This ecosystem fosters interdependence among its components. The local healers rely on the medicinal plants found in the Don Pu Ta Forest to provide healthcare to the people in their community. This research aimed to investigate the plant diversity, ethnobotanical knowledge, and medicinal plant utilization in the Don Pu Ta Forest, specifically within the Kaloeng Ethnic Group of Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews involving three indigenous healers and 220 local residents between January 2016 and November 2017. The interviews focused on plant usage, local names, utilized plant parts, methods of use, and medicinal properties. We also conducted vegetation analysis to assess the diversity and composition of vegetation in the Don Pu Ta Forest. The findings revealed that the Don Pu Ta Forest of the Kaloeng Ethnic Group in Sakon Nakhon Province contained medicinal plants from 28 families and 44 species. The biodiversity index (H') was calculated as 3.34, the Evenness Index (E) as 0.88, and the highest importance value index (IVI) as 25.26. Interviews with folk medicine healers identified the use of medicinal plants for treating 29 different symptoms. Notably, Micromelum minutum (Forst.f.) Wright & Arn., Rhodamnia dumetorum (DC.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Garcinia cowa Roxb., and Casearia grewiifolia var. grewiifolia exhibited the highest Fidelity Level (FL) at 100%. The results of this study imply that ancestral wisdom's role in shaping the Kaloeng group's medicinal traditions, advocating for their integration with contemporary healthcare. In summary, the study offers valuable insights into the diversity, importance, and ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants in Don Pu Ta Forest, emphasizing possibilities for conservation, sustainable practices, and further exploration of these resources for healthcare benefits.
Resistance of Eleusine indica to non-selective herbicides in Indonesian oil palm plantation
Authors: UMIYATI UUM , KURNIADIE DENNY , WIDIANTO RYAN , WIDAYAT DEDI , NASAHI CEPPY
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Umiyati U, Kurniadie D, Widianto R, Widayat D, Nasahi C. 2023. Resistance of Eleusine indica to non-selective herbicides in Indonesian oil palm plantation. Biodiversitas 24: 4661-4667. Indonesia is the world's largest producer of oil palm. One biological constraint that may reduce the national oil palm production is Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn (goosegrass). This weed is usually controlled chemically using non-selective herbicides, such as glyphosate, paraquat, and ammonium glufosinate. Although these herbicides are widely used, there are minimal case reports of weed resistance in Indonesia. This study aimed to map and quantify the herbicide resistance of goosegrass in Indonesian oil palm plantations. Weed mortality after herbicide application was used to determine the resistance. The study collected samples from Indonesia's six primary oil palm regions: West Sumatra, North Sumatra, Riau, Lampung, Belitung, and West Kalimantan. The sample collection process was supplemented by conducting interviews to get information on the herbicide application practices of palm oil growers. The results showed that 15 samples of goosegrass from various locations were resistant to glyphosate, 17 were resistant to paraquat, and one showed developing resistance to ammonium glufosinate. The most resistant goosegrass was found in North Sumatra, with a resistant index of 3.32 and 3.81 to glyphosate and paraquat, respectively. At the same time, the resistance to ammonium glufosinate could not be measured because the low doses of ammonium glufosinate were sufficient to control the weeds.
Diversity and spatial distribution of Order Diptera from Kuala Keniam National Park, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: AMIN IBRAHIM NUR , FATHIAH KHAIRUDIN NURUL , ‘ALIYAA NIZAM NUR , BADRINA MOHAMMAD NASER NUR , NADIAH MD YUSOF NUR , HASNAH KAMARUDIN SITI , NORHAFIZAH MOHD ZAZI , KHAIRIYAH MOHD HATTA SITI
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Amin IN, Fathiah KN, ‘Aliyaa NN, Badrina MNN, Nadiah MYN, Hasnah KS, Norhafizah MZ, Khairiyah MHS. 2023. Diversity and spatial distribution of Order Diptera from Kuala Keniam National Park, Pahang, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 4668-4674. A study on the diversity and distribution of order Diptera was conducted in different Kuala Keniam National Park, Malaysia landscapes. Three malaise traps were placed in three landscapes: the forest fringe, middle forest, and inner forest. A total of 1920 Diptera were recorded from 19 families and 109 morphospecies of order Diptera. Anthomyiidae, Calliphoridae, Pipunculidae, Scenopinidae, Ulidiidae, Tephritidae, Ceratopogonidae, Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Syrphidae, Tipulidae, Ephydridae, Cecidomyiidae, Dolichopodidae, Phoridae, Culicidae, Muscidae, Sciaridae, and Drosophilidae were the identified families. The family with the highest number of individuals collected was Phoridae, with 89 individuals (5 morphospecies) collected from the forest fringe, followed by 271 individuals (6 morphospecies) from the middle forest and 697 individuals from the inner forest (7 morphospecies). Pipunculidae had the least collected individuals, with only one in the inner forest. The forest fringe recorded the highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (2.13), followed by the middle forest (1.68) and the inner forest (1.04). The forest fringe also recorded the highest Evenness Index and Margalef Richness Index with 0.44 and 3.16, respectively. The distribution of Diptera differed significantly along the environment gradients from the forest fringe to the inner forest (p<0.05), and the pairwise comparison showed that the difference comes from Trap 2 and Trap 3 (p<0.001). The forest fringe was more diversified than the middle and the inner forest, even though the number of individuals was low. Vegetation types and sunlight might be the reasons behind this discovery. The results from this study can be used as baseline data for future reference on the diversity of Diptera from the forest reserve.
Potential of carbon sequestration enhancement through intensive silvicultural techniques using Shorea leprosula plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: ISKANDAR M. , SIREGAR ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN , KRISNAWATI HARUNI
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Iskandar M, Siregar IZ, Krisnawati H. 2023. Potential of carbon sequestration enhancement through intensive silvicultural techniques using Shorea leprosula plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4699-4713. Various sectors are involved in achieving Indonesia’s Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), including Forestry and Other Land Uses (FOLU) sector. Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) implementation by forest concessionaires (PBPHs) enormously contributes to land-based mitigation activities, primarily at the local level. One of the SFM activities is forest enrichment with Intensive Silvicultural (SILIN) technique using Shorea leprosula Miq. to enhance carbon stock and sequestration. This study was conducted in PT Sarmiento Parakantja Timber (PT Sarpatim) in Central Kalimantan (Indonesia) and used the measurement data from 32 purposive sampling plots. Each plot was 40m × 40m in size, constructed under three different SILIN patterns (conventional strip, effective strip, and gap) as well as natural forest stands. This study found that SILIN gap pattern had higher carbon stock and sequestration potential, compared to the natural forest (reference) stands, and reached a net sink condition after 30 years. For the stands of SILIN conventional and effective strip patterns, the carbon stocks were lower than the reference stand, even when the vegetation aged 30 years. PBPHs applying SILIN technique as part of the SFM and the mitigation actions demonstrate an enhanced carbon stock and sequestration. This effort supports Indonesia’s Enhanced NDC target and FOLU Net Sink 2030.
Chromosome number of three Bambusa species (Poaceae) in northeastern communities of Thailand
Authors: SAENSOUK PIYAPORN , SAENSOUK SURAPON , SUDCHALEAW SUMRUAY , SUNGKAEW SARAWOOD
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Saensouk P, Saensouk S, Sudchaleaw S, Sungkaew S. 2023. Chromosome number of three Bambusa species (Poaceae) in northeastern communities of Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 4544-4547. Bambusa is a genus within subfamily Bambusoideae, family Poaceae. This study aimed to conduct the chromosome numbers of three Bambusa species in the northeastern Communities of Thailand. All three Bambusa species were studied with somatic chromosome numbers from root tips by squash methods. The somatic chromosome numbers, ploidy, and chromosome size in length from the root tips of three Bambusa species are provided. The somatic chromosome numbers range from 2n = 56 to 2n = 72. Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss was reported as 2n = 56 with high ploidy (heptaploid or 7x), B. burmanica Gamble was reported to be 2n = 72 with high ploidy (nonaploid or 9x), and B. tuldoides Munro was investigated to be 2n = 64 with high ploidy (octaploid or 8x). The basic chromosome number of three Bambusa species studied was x=8. The chromosome numbers of B. burmanica was studied for the first time. The chromosome length of all species was very short between 0.80 µm in B. burmanica and 1.30 µm in B. bambos.
Gendered Islamophobia in Italy: The Case of Silvia Aisha Romano
Authors: Panighel Marta
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to investigate gendered Islamophobia in Italy through a significant case study: the hate campaign that affected Silvia Aisha Romano, a 24-year-old aid worker kidnapped in Kenya by a group linked to Shabab, who chose to convert to Islam. On May 10, 2020, after 18 months of detention, Silvia landed in Rome wearing a light green jilbab. The initial joy for her release was followed by very violent Islamophobic and misogynist insults, by both right-wing and left-wing politicians, newspapers, and opinion leaders, including some feminists.

This paper will carry out a discourse analysis on this debate, focusing on some pivotal aspects: the roots of contemporary gender Islamophobia in colonial Orientalism and epistemic Eurocentrism; the contemporary debate on Muslims and Islam in Italy, and the media’s role in reproducing stereotypes and discrimination; the political convergence between very different actors in the systematic attack against Italian Muslim women.
Moulay Ismail and the Mumbo Jumbo: Black Morocco Revisited
Authors: Aidi Hisham
Published: October 2023

There is much to say about Chouki El Hamel’s Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race and Islam (2015), but I will focus the discussion below on six points: 1) the “ancient hatreds” argument he constructs to explain racism and slavery in Morocco, in particular the culturalist thrust running through the book, whereby complex economic and political processes are reduced to racist or theological beliefs; 2) El Hamel’s claim that much writing about slavery in North Africa claims the institution was benign; 3) how he categorizes Moroccans into three bounded categories—Black, Arab, and Berber; 4) his claim that the Gnawa Sufi order is a “diaspora” and a “distinct ethnic group” that longs for an imaginary homeland; 5) his questionable use of national archives, and selective rendering of classic writing on slavery and jinn belief in Morocco; and 6) his reluctance to address how colonial (and postcolonial) state policy affected ethno-racial politics in Morocco.
Two-color four-wave mixing contribution to an electrostrictive laser-induced grating signal in CO2–N2 mixtures and gas diagnostics
Authors: Hölzer Jonas I. , Kozlov Dimitrii N. , Seeger Thomas
Published: October 2023

Multiparameter determination in the gas phase using the versatile
laser-induced grating (LIG) technique is a challenging task due to
interdependence of observables on multiple thermodynamic parameters.
In CO2-N2 mixtures, simultaneous determination
of species concentration and gas temperature can be achieved by using
an additional CO2 concentration-dependent contribution
to the LIG signal, which appears if 1064 nm pump pulses are employed.
This contribution can be attributed to a direct, quasi-resonant
two-color four-wave mixing (TCFWM) of the pump and probe radiations in CO2. A detailed study of the laser power
and beam polarization, as well as mixture composition, pressure, and
temperature dependencies of the TCFWM intensity relative to that of
the LIG signal, allowed for the formulation of analytical relations
enabling simultaneous mixture composition and temperature
determination.
Soliton polarization dynamics in a fiber laser of zero dispersion
Authors: Li Chenxi , Lan Hengwen , Komarov Andrey , Tang Xiahui , Tang Ming , Zhu Haiyong , Luo Zhengqian , Zhao Luming
Published: October 2023

Polarization properties of a soliton generated in a fiber laser of zero dispersion are investigated. Similar to the solitons generated in a fiber laser of all anomalous dispersion, the polarization ellipse of the soliton rotated during pulse evolution inside the cavity. The number of rotations relies on the cavity averaged birefringence with nonlinear bias. The larger the cavity averaged birefringence is, the bigger the bias is. When the period multiplying of solitons appears, the number of rotations depends on both multiplying periods and the cavity averaged birefringence. Multiple polarization states can be observed at a fixed position in the cavity depending on the multiplying period. When the cavity length is equal to n times of the averaged beat length, the polarization ellipse of the soliton rotates n∗m times at a fixed position, where m is equal to the multiplying period.
Evaluating spatial dependency of the spectral efficiency in trans-palpebral illumination for widefield fundus photography
Authors: Rahimi Mojtaba , Rossi Alfa , Son Taeyoon , Toslak Devrim , Le David , Abtahi Mansour , Heiferman Michael J. , Chan R. V. Paul , Yao Xincheng
Published: October 2023

Multi-spectral widefield fundus photography is valuable for the clinical diagnosis and management of ocular conditions that may impact both central and peripheral regions of the retina and choroid. Trans-palpebral illumination has been demonstrated as an alternative to transpupillary illumination for widefield fundus photography without requiring pupil dilation. However, spectral efficiency can be complicated due to the spatial variance of the light property through the palpebra and sclera. This study aims to investigate the effect of light delivery location on spectral efficiency in trans-palpebral illumination. Four narrow-band light sources, covering both visible and near infrared (NIR) wavelengths, were used to evaluate spatial dependency of spectral illumination efficiency. Comparative analysis indicated a significant dependence of visible light efficiency on spatial location, while NIR light efficiency is only slightly affected by the illumination location. This study confirmed the pars plana as the optimal location for delivering visible light to achieve color imaging of the retina. Conversely, spatial location is not critical for NIR light imaging of the choroid.
Single-shot OCT and OCT angiography for slab-specific detection of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Liang Guangru B. , Hormel Tristan T. , Wei Xiang , Guo Yukun , Wang Jie , Hwang Thomas , Jia Yali
Published: October 2023

In this study, we present an optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) prototype using a 500 kHz high-speed swept-source laser. This system can generate a 75-degree field of view with a 10.4 µm lateral resolution with a single acquisition. With this prototype we acquired detailed, wide-field, and plexus-specific images throughout the retina and choroid in eyes with diabetic retinopathy, detecting early retinal neovascularization and locating pathology within specific retinal slabs. Our device could also visualize choroidal flow and identify signs of key biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.
Co-modulation of structural and pigmentary coloration in Lyropteryx apollonia butterfly
Authors: Guidetti Giulia , Kim Taehoon , Dutcher Audrey , Presti Marco Lo , Ovstrovsky-Snider Nicholas , Omenetto Fiorenzo G.
Published: October 2023

Nature produces some of the most striking optical effects through the combination of structural and chemical principles to give rise to a wide range of colors. However, creating non-spectral colors that extend beyond the color spectrum is a challenging task, as it requires meeting the requirements of both structural and pigmentary coloration. In this study, we investigate the magenta non-spectral color found in the scales of the ventral spots of the Lyropteryx apollonia butterfly. By employing correlated optical and electron microscopy, as well as pigment extraction techniques, we reveal how this color arises from the co-modulation of pigmentary and structural coloration. Specifically, the angle-dependent blue coloration results from the interference of visible light with chitin-based nanostructures, while the diffused red coloration is generated by an ommochrome pigment. The ability to produce such highly conspicuous non-spectral colors provides insights for the development of hierarchical structures with precise control over their optical response. These structures can be used to create hierarchically-arranged systems with a broadened color palette.
Nanothermometry in rarefied gas using optically levitated nanodiamonds
Authors: Luntz-Martin Danika R. , Bommidi Dinesh K. , Zhang Kai , Pickel Andrea D. , Vamivakas A. N.
Published: October 2023

Heat transfer in gases in the continuum regime follows Fourier’s law and is well understood. However, it has been long understood that in the subcontinuum, rarefied gas regime Fourier’s law is no longer valid and various models have been proposed to describe heat transfer in these systems. These models have very limited experimental exploration for spherical geometries due to the difficulties involved. Optically levitated nanoparticles are presented as the ideal experimental system to study heat transfer in rarefied gases due to their isolation from their environment. Nanodiamonds with nitrogen-vacancy centers are used to measure temperature. As the pressure decreases so does the heat transfer to the rarefied gas and the nanodiamond temperature increases by over 200 K. These experiments demonstrate the utility of optically levitated nanoparticles to study heat transfer in any gas across a wide range of pressures. In the future, these measurements can be combined with models to empirically determine the energy accommodation coefficient of any gas.
Image restoration for optical zooming system based on Alvarez lenses
Authors: Yan Jiapu , Ye Zhichao , Jiang Tingting , Chen Shiqi , Feng Huajun , Xu Zhihai , Li Qi , Chen Yueting
Published: October 2023

Alvarez lenses are known for their ability to achieve a broad range of optical power adjustment by utilizing complementary freeform surfaces. However, these lenses suffer from optical aberrations, which restrict their potential applications. To address this issue, we propose a field of view (FOV) attention image restoration model for continuous zooming. In order to simulate the degradation of optical zooming systems based on Alvarez lenses (OZA), a baseline OZA is designed where the polynomial for the Alvarez lenses consists of only three coefficients. By computing spatially varying point spread functions (PSFs), we simulate the degraded images of multiple zoom configurations and conduct restoration experiments. The results demonstrate that our approach surpasses the compared methods in the restoration of degraded images across various zoom configurations while also exhibiting strong generalization capabilities under untrained configurations.
Phase retrieval for single-frame interferogram with an irregular-shaped aperture based on deep learning
Authors: Li Ying , Liu Xin , Yang Zhongming , Liu Zhaojun
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a high-precision phase retrieval method based on deep learning to extract the Zernike coefficients from a single-frame interferogram with an irregular-shaped aperture. Once the Zernike coefficients are obtained, the phase distribution can be retrieved directly using the Zernike polynomials. For many apertures, the root mean square (RMS) of the residual wavefront between the true and estimated wavefronts reached the order of 10−3 λ. Simulations were conducted under different noise conditions, indicating that the proposed method has high measurement accuracy and robustness. Experiments demonstrated that the accuracy achieved by this method was comparable to that of commercial phase-shifting interferometers. We believe that this method is useful for measuring optical surfaces with irregular apertures.
Inverted pin beams for robust long-range propagation through atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Droulias Sotiris , Loulakis Michalis , Papazoglou Dimitris G. , Tzortzakis Stelios , Chen Zhigang , Efremidis Nikolaos K.
Published: October 2023

We introduce a new, to the best of our knowledge, class of optical beams, which feature a spatial profile akin to an “inverted pin.” In particular, we asymptotically find that close to the axis, the transverse amplitude profile of such beams takes the form of a Bessel function with a width that gradually increases during propagation. We examine numerically the behavior of such inverted pin beams in turbulent environments as measured via the scintillation index and show that they outperform Gaussian beams (collimated and focused) as well as Bessel beams and regular pin beams, which are all optimized, especially in the moderate and strong fluctuation regimes.
Resonantly enhanced lumped-element O-band Mach–Zehnder modulator with an ultra-wide operating wavelength range
Authors: Ackermann Manuel , Moscoso-Mártir Alvaro , Shen Bin , Merget Florian , Witzens Jeremy
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate an O-band resonantly enhanced Mach–Zehnder modulator utilizing highly overcoupled resonators with staggered resonance wavelengths that achieves an operating range of 6.6 nm (7.1 nm) with a 1 dB (3 dB) optical modulation amplitude penalty. It can be operated in a power-efficient lumped-element configuration without any tuning of the resonators in an extended temperature range of 80°C.
67 mJ, 137 ns narrow bandwidth 355 nm UV laser
Authors: Li Jiatong , Zhou Xue , Zhang Jiayu , Ma Tiejun , Nie Hongkun , Yang Kejian , He Jingliang , Zhang Baitao
Published: October 2023

A high-efficiency, high-energy, narrow bandwidth, hundred-nanosecond
pulse width 355 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser was realized. A high-energy
single-frequency 1064 nm fundamental laser was demonstrated firstly
with multistage end-pumped preamplifiers and side-pumped main
amplifiers. The corresponding pulse energy, repetition rate, pulse
duration, bandwidth, and beam quality factor M2 were
determined to be 221 mJ, 100 Hz, 156 ns, 2.25 MHz, and 1.23,
respectively. By using type-I phase-matching LBO crystal for second
harmonic generation (SHG) and type-II phase-matching LBO crystal for
the sum frequency generation of the third harmonic, 67 mJ, a narrow
bandwidth 355 nm UV laser was obtained with a pulse width of 137 ns
and an energy stability of RMS < 1.2%@2 h. The fundamental to UV
optical conversion efficiency was 30.3%. Our results provided a new
way for generating high-energy, narrow bandwidth hundred-nanosecond
355 nm UV lasers used for direct-detection Doppler wind lidar (DWL)
system.