bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Era of COVID-19: What Can We Learn from the Acceleration of Opioid Overdose Deaths in Maryland over 15 years
Authors: Athey Alison , Nestadt Paul
Published: March 2021

This study tracks the number of accidental opioid overdose deaths (OOD) in Maryland from 2003-2020 and evaluates longitudinal trends, with a focus on increased mortality in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. All Marylanders with positive toxicology findings for opioids at the time of death from January 2003 through August 2020 (n = 1276) were included in analyses. Data were provided by the Maryland Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) which evaluates all unexpected deaths in the state. We explored longitudinal trends in the data and found a simple seasonal pattern. The number of OOD during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic was similar to the number of predicted by pre-pandemic data period. We compared opioid overdose decedents from spring 2019 with those who died in the spring of 2020 to assess the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with changes in manner of death and risk factors for opioid overdose. The likelihood of an overdose death being ruled intentional was lower during the pandemic, and there was a shift in patterns of substance use which may have reflected disrupted access to preferred substances of abuse and medication assisted treatment during the lockdown. More research that includes nationally representative data, extends beyond the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, and addresses mechanisms that drive change in substance use and treatment in the context of multiple national emergencies is needed.v
Cardiovascular outcomes of antidiabetic drugs
Authors: Nath Ranjit Kumar , Pandit Neeraj , Raj Ajay , Pandit B.N , Kumar Vinod , Bhardwaj Rajeev , Singh Ajay Pratap , Thakur Ashok
Published: March 2021

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Intensive blood glucose reduction with antidiabetic drugs significantly reduce microvascular complications but there is no strong evidence of reduction in cardiovascular (CV) events. In 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued guidance to demonstrate cardiovascular safety of newer antidiabetic drugs in addition to reduction in blood glucose level. After which a number of CVOTs were conducted involving newer antidiabetic drugs. The newer drugs (e.g. GLP-1 RAs, SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP 4 inhibitors) might have potential effects on body weight, lipid parameters and blood pressure, as well as endothelial dysfunctions, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. The current review summarizes the results of the main trials focused on the cardiovascular outcomes of traditional as well as newer antidiabetic drugs.
Evaluation of the severity and self-management practice in primary dysmenorrhea in medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study in a teaching hospital
Authors: Kushwaha Ramayan Prasad , Rauniar Gajendra Prasad , Sarraf Deependra Prasad , Rai Dilli Sher , Sinha Pramila , Sitaula Sarita , Yadav Prabhakar , Sah Bikash
Published: March 2021

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is the commonest gynecological problem in females of childbearing age. The severity of dysmenorrhea catalyzed females to use home remedies or self-medication to relieve pain.
Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to find out the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and self-management practices in medical and dental students.
Materials and Methods: Female students who had painful menstrual cycles were included. A self-responding semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information related to demographic, menstrual characteristics and self-management practices. The severity of primary dysmenorrhea was estimated by using the Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System (VMSS). Descriptive statistics were used to present the study findings using SPSS version 11.5.
Results: Out of 143 students, mild severity of primary dysmenorrhea was more common 85 (59.4%), followed by moderate 44 (30.8%) and severe 14 (9.8%) dysmenorrhea. Over two-thirds 124 (86.7%) of respondents used home remedies alone or in combination with analgesic drugs 87 (60.8%). Mefenamic acid 44 (50.6%) was the most common self-medicated drug. Among the respondents who practiced self-medication, the majority had used drugs once a day 68 (78.2%), and more than half of them 57 (65.5%) took medication for one day, and 59 (67.8%) had insufficient knowledge about drug dose.
Conclusion: Most of the respondents experienced the mild severity of primary dysmenorrhea. Home remedies were the most commonly used methods of self-management. The majority of the respondents did not receive medical consultation, but they were preferred self-medication. Encouragement for medical consultation along with the implementation of educational awareness programs to control morbidity associated with primary dysmenorrhea is recommended.
Slit Lamp profile of Pseudoexfoliation eyes
Authors: Kapoor Shilpi , Kapoor Arjit , Gupta Dinesh
Published: March 2021

Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is an age-related systemic microfibrillopathy, caused by progressive accumulation and gradual deposition of extracellular grey and white material over various tissues. It is associated with many intraocular abnormalities like poor pupillary dilatation, zonular dehiscence, glaucoma etc. Hence it is important to do detailed slit lamp examination with dilated pupil to detect the pseudoexfoliative deposits in eye, especially in elderly to prevent unforeseen complications.
Aims and Objective: To study pattern of distribution of pseudoexfoliative material in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and to study the dilatation profile of pupil in such eyes.
Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted on patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome who attended OPD in the Upgraded Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Jammu from 1st April 2018 for a period of 6 months. The clearance was taken from ethical committee for the study in reference. Informed consent was taken from all the patients enrolled in the study.
Results: Pupillary margin was found to be the most common site for deposition of pex material i.e. 51 (75%) patients followed by anterior surface of lens in 32(47.05%) patients. Patients had simultaneous deposition of pex material over various parts of the eye. 64 (94.12%) patients had pex material deposited on pupil or lens. Only 1(1.47%) patient had pex deposits over cornea. 56 (82.35%) patients attained good to moderate dilatation of pupil with 0.8% tropicamide e/d. 12(17.65%) patients had pupillary dilatation of ≤4mm hence poor dilatation.
Conclusion: Pseudoexfoliation presents challenges that must be adequately addressed with detailed slit lamp examination. Cases may go undetected due to failure to dilate the pupil or to examine with slit lamp after dilatation. Adequate pre-operative assessment should especially be done before cataract surgery with the aim to identify problems like the possibility of fragile zonules and inadequate mydriasis which could increase intraoperative complications arising from undue manipulations.
Predictive Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Iraq
Authors: Al-Imam Ahmed , Khalid Usama , Al-Doori Hend
Published: March 2021

This is a Letter to Editor
Las zoonosis emergentes y la infección provocada por el SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Rivera Silva Gerardo , León Osornio Oscar
Published: March 2021

La salud cada día está más correlacionada con el vínculo hombre-animal. La pandemia actual de COVID-19, al parecer es una zoonosis emergente, que tiene como pendiente el de precisar su fuente animal primaria. Por lo que se debe considerar que, para tener un control integral de la misma, se debería enfocar no solo en la intervención en humanos, sino también en los animales y en el medio donde se desenvuelven. Por lo que se requiere de una interacción más estrecha y vinculante entre la medicina humana y la veterinaria para evitar la aparición de nuevas pandemias propiciadas por zoonosis.
أثر السياسة النقدية على تدفق الاستثمار الأجنبي إلى الأردن
Authors: أبو رحمة عُلا فايز علي , السامرائي قحطان عبد سعيد
Published: March 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة لبيان أثر السياسة النقدية على تدفق الاستثمار الأجنبي إلى الأردن. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة واختبار فرضياتها تم الاستناد على التقارير السنوية للبنك المركزي المنشورة وتقارير بورصة عمان للأوراق المالية والنشرة الفصلية لقاعدة بيانات الأسواق العربية للفترة (2009-2018). وتم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال حساب المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية لتحديد طبيعة العلاقة بين المتغيرات المستقلة و المتغيرات التابعة، بالإضافة إلى اختبار سكون السلاسل الزمنية ومعامل الإرتباط الخطي. حيث تم قياس السياسة النقدية من خلال (سعر اعادة الخصم وسياسة السوق المفتوحة) كمتغير مستقل والاستثمار الأجنبيى (المباشر وغير المباشر) كمتغير تابع. وذلك باستخدام برمجيات EVIEWS, STATA (11) لتحليل الفرضيات واختبارها. وتوصل الباحثان لعديد من النتائج أهمها: وجود أثرٍ إيجابي ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (α=0.05) للسياسة النقدية بمتغيرها سعر إعادة الخصم على كلٍ من الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر وغير المباشر. وعدم وجود أثرٍ ذي دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (α=0.05) للسياسة النقدية بمتغيرها سياسة السوق المفتوحة على كلٍ من الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر وغير المباشر.
المصارف التشاركية ودعم المقاولات الصغيرة جداً والصغيرة والمتوسطة بالمغرب
Authors: كاميلي نسرين , الحشلوفي مصطفى , مقبول مينة
Published: March 2021

يعالج هذا المقال إشكالية دعم المقاولات الصغيرة جداً والصغيرة والمتوسطة بشكل عام و في ظل أزمة "كوفيد-19” بشكل خاص، وذلك من خلال مقاربة تهدف إلى البحث عن شريك فعلي يساهم في تحقيق الأرباح ويتبنى نفس الأهداف عوض السعي إلى إيجاد مورد مالي ضمن علاقة اقتراض و تسديد. هذا المقال سيتطرق بداية إلى أهم برامج الدعم المقاولاتي السابقة والحالية من أجل تسليط الضوء من خلالها على أهمية إشراك المصارف التشاركية الحديثة العهد بالمغرب في هذه البرامج كمكمل للمصارف التقليدية في المرحلة الحالية وبديل لها لاحقاً، لاستيفائها لأهم صفات الشراكة واعتمادها على تقاسم الربح والخسارة باعتماد صيغتي المشاركة والمضاربة واستبعادها لنظام الإقراض مقابل نسب فائدة. وفي نفس السياق، سيسعى من خلال هذا المقال إلى إبراز دور المصارف التشاركية في تدبير الأزمات المالية ومساهمتها في تدوير عجلة التنمية الاقتصادية ما بعد الأزمة.
أثر نظم معلومات إدارة الموارد البشرية على دورة حياة الجدارة، الدور المعدِّل للمنظمة المتعلمة: (دراسة تطبيقية في الجامعات الفلسطينية)
Authors: محمود جوهر ولد علي عماد , جمعه صالح النجار فايز
Published: March 2021

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى نظم معلومات إدارة الموارد البشرية وأثرها في دورة حياة الجدارة في الجامعات الفلسطينية في ظل المنظمة المتعلمة كمتغير معدّل، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة قام الباحثان بتصميم استبانه شملت (80) فقرة؛ لجمع البيانات الأولية من عينة الدراسة والمكونة من (346) عضو هيئة تدريس في الجامعات الفلسطينية. وتم استخدام العديد من الأساليب الإحصائية لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، وبعد إجراء عملية التحليل لبيانات الدراسة توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج عند مستوى معنوية (P≤0.05) أبرزها: وجود أثر ذا دلالة إحصائية لنظم معلومات إدارة الموارد البشرية على دورة حياة الجدارة في الجامعات الفلسطينية. بالإضافة وجود أثر ذا دلالة إحصائية للمنظمة المتعلمة في تحسين أثر نظم معلومات إدارة الموارد البشرية على دورة حياة الجدارة في الجامعات الفلسطينية. وعلى ضوء النتائج فقد أوصى الباحثان بمجموعة من التوصيات من أهمها: أن تقوم الجامعات بتحويل منهجية إدارة أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية إلى منهجية مبنية على الجدارة واستخدامها كأساس لاستقطاب أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية الذين يساعدون الجامعة في تحقيق أهدافها. وأن تكون الجدارة هي أساس تنفيذ جميع وظائف وحدة الموارد البشرية المتعلقة بأعضاء الهيئة التدريسية مثل التخطيط، الاستقطاب، التدريب، التقييم، وغيرها. وأن تقوم الجامعات باستخدام دورة حياة الجدارة لتنمية وتطوير جدارات أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية خوفاً من تقادمها خاصة مع وجود التطور الكبير والسريع في مختلف المجالات.
Simulasi Monitoring Pergeseran Tanah Menggunakan Sensor LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer)
Authors: Jefriyanto Wilson
Published: March 2021

Pergeseran tanah merupakan salah satu faktor terjadinya tanah longsor (landslide). Untuk itu, diperlukan suatu prototype alat yang dapat  membantu memberikan informasi dini dan peringatan akan terjadinya longsor. Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang simulasi pergeseran tanah dengan menggunakan sensor LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer). Sensor LVDT dihubungkan dengan Arduino uno yang kemudian ditampilkan pada LCD dan juga monitoring pada komputer. Pengamatan pergeseran tanah  dilakukan selama 5 jam dengan melakukan variasi terhadap sudut kemiringan tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menguji kerja dari sensor LVDT yang merupakan hasil dari penelitian sebelumnya. Dari hasil pengamatan, terlihat bahwa sensor LVDT ini mampu membaca pergeseran tanah dengan ketlitian 0.01 mm. Adapun jangkauan pergeseran alat ini yaitu hany sampai 14 cm, untuk penelitian selanjutnya akan dikembankan sensor LVDT dengan jangkaun pengukuran yang lebih panjang.
A new Antarctic species of the genus Marseniopsis (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lamellariidae)
Authors: Egorova E.N.
Published: March 2021

A description of Marseniopsis hexalateratus sp. n. from Bransfi eld Strait is given.
Contribution to the aphid fauna of Nizhny Novgorod Province, Chuvashia and Mari El (Homoptera: Aphidoidea)
Authors: Stekolshchikov A.V. , Buga S.V. , Smirnova N.V. , Nikanorova O.G.
Published: March 2021

Fifty eight aphid species are reported from the territories of Nizhny Novgorod Province, Chuvashia, and Mari El situated north of the Volga River, including 9 species and 1 subspecies new to the fauna of Russia. The first description of oviparous female of Aphis rumicivora Heie, 1986 and a redescription of apterous and alatae females of Aphis coffeata Mamontova, 1979 are given.
Drymus hidakai sp. n., a new species of Lygaeidae from the Far East (Heteroptera)
Authors: Neimorovets V.V.
Published: March 2021

Drymus (Drymus) hidakai sp. n. is described from the Far East of Russia. This is the species previously recorded as D. pilicornis Mulsant & Rey from the Far East of Russia, Japan and NE China.
Women’s role in neurosurgical research: is the gender gap improving?
Authors: Pastor-Cabeza Marta , Torné Ramon , García-Armengol Roser , Menéndez-Osorio Belén , Mosteiro-Cadaval Alejandra , Bollar Alicia , Rimbau Jordi M. , Sarabia Rosario , Rodríguez-Hernández Ana
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

The percentage of women publishing high-impact neurosurgical research might be perceived as a representation of our specialty and may influence the perpetuation of the existing gender gap. This study investigated whether the trend in women taking lead roles in neurosurgical research has mirrored the increase in female neurosurgeons during the past decade and whether our most prestigious publications portray enough female role models to stimulate gender diversity among the new generation of neurosurgeons.

METHODS

Two of the most prominent neurosurgical journals—Journal of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery—were selected for this study, and every original article that was published in 2009 and 2019 in each of those journals was investigated according to the gender of the first and senior authors, their academic titles, their affiliations, and their institutions’ region.

RESULTS

A total of 1328 articles were analyzed. The percentage of female authors was significantly higher in Europe and Russia compared with the US and Canada (first authors: 60/302 [19.9%] vs 109/829 [13.1%], p = 0.005; and senior authors: 32/302 [10.6%] vs 57/829 [6.9%], p = 0.040). Significantly increased female authorship was observed from 2009 to 2019, and overall numbers of both first and senior female authors almost doubled. However, when analyzing by regions, female authorship increased significantly only in the US and Canada. Female authors of neurosurgical research articles were significantly less likely to hold an MD degree compared with men. Female neurosurgeons serving as senior authors were represented in only 3.6% (48/1328) of articles. Women serving as senior authors were more likely to have a female colleague listed as the first author of their research (29/97 [29.9%] vs 155/1231 [12.6%]; χ2 = 22.561, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Although this work showed an encouraging increase in the number of women publishing high-impact neurosurgical research, the stagnant trend in Europe may suggest that a glass ceiling has been reached and further advances in equity would require more aggressive measures. The differences in the researchers’ profiles (academic title and affiliation) suggest an even wider gender gap. Cultural unconscious bias may explain why female senior authors have more than double the number of women serving as their junior authors compared with men. While changes in the workforce happen, strategies such as publishing specific issues on women, encouraging female editorials, and working toward more gender-balanced editorial boards may help our journals to portray a more equitable specialty that would not discourage bright female candidates.
Increases in female academic productivity and female mentorship highlight sustained progress in previously identified neurosurgical gender disparities
Authors: Taha Birra , Sadda Praneeth , Winston Graham , Odigie Eseosa , Londono Cristina , Greenfield Jeffrey P. , Pannullo Susan C. , Hoffman Caitlin
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

A meta-analysis was performed to understand disparities in the representation of female authorship within the neurosurgical literature and implications for career advancement of women in neurosurgery.

METHODS

Author names for articles published in 16 of the top neurosurgical journals from 2002 to 2019 were obtained from MEDLINE. The gender of each author was determined using automated prediction methods. Publication trends were compared over time and across subdisciplines. Female authorship was also compared to the proportionate composition of women in the field over time.

RESULTS

The metadata obtained from 16 major neurosurgical journals yielded 66,546 research articles. Gender was successfully determined for 96% (127,809/133,578) of first and senior authors, while the remainder (3.9%) were unable to be determined through prediction methods. Across all years, 13.3% (8826) of articles had female first authorship and 9.1% (6073) had female senior authorship. Female first authorship increased significantly over time from 5.8% in 2002 to 17.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Female senior authorship also increased significantly over time, from 5.5% in 2002 to 12.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). The journals with the highest proportions of female first authors and senior authors were the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics (33.5%) and the Asian Journal of Neurosurgery (23.8%), respectively. Operative Neurosurgery had the lowest fraction of female first (12.4%) and senior (4.7%) authors. There was a significant difference between the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical trainees and the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical first (p < 0.001) and senior (p < 0.001) authors. Articles were also more likely to have a female first author if the senior author of the article was female (OR 2.69, CI 2.52–2.86; p < 0.001). From 1944 to 2019, the Journal of Neurosurgery showed a steady increase in female first and senior authorship, with a plateau beginning in the 1990s.

CONCLUSIONS

Large meta-analysis techniques have the potential to effectively leverage large amounts of bibliometric data to quantify the representation of female authorship in the neurosurgical literature. The proportion of female authors in major neurosurgical journals has steadily increased. However, the rate of increase in female senior authorship has lagged behind the rate of increase in first authorship, indicating a disparity in academic advancement in women in neurosurgery.
Review of: Рикёр П. Genesis, essence and substance in Plato and Aristotle. Course taught at the University of Strasbourg in 1953-1954 / transl. from french G. V. Vdovina. Moscow: Publishing house of humanitarian literature, 2019. 286 p. ISBN 978-5-87121-051-2
Authors: Гагинский Алексей Михайлович
Published: March 2021

Курс лекций П. Рикёра, прочитанный более полувека назад, интересен по ряду причин. Во-первых, потому что он посвящён крайне важной теме — античной онтологии; во-вторых, потому что он был прочитан одним из ведущих философов XX в.; в-третьих, потому что этот философ был крупнейшим представителем герменевтического направления, вследствие чего особенно любопытно проследить, как он читает тексты, без преувеличения, самых важных философов в истории человечества. Впрочем, с формальной точки зрения есть некоторые сомнения в возожности исполнения замысла работы: П. Рикёр всё-таки не антиковед, его знание греческого языка, что видно из текста, весьма скромного уровня; кроме того, изданный текст представляет собой курс лекций, автор которых, как кажется, не столько хочет донести до слушателей результаты кропотливых исследований и продуманных идей, сколько разобраться вместе со студентами в античной онтологии.

P. Ricoeur's course of lectures, delivered more than half a century ago, is interesting for a number of reasons. Firstly, because it is devoted to an extremely important topic - ancient ontology; secondly, because it was read by one of the leading philosophers of the 20th century; thirdly, because this philosopher was the biggest representative of the hermeneutic direction, so it is especially interesting to trace how he reads texts of, without exaggeration, the most important philosophers in the history of mankind. However, from the formal point of view, there are some doubts about the feasibility of the idea of the work: Ricoeur is not an antiquarian and his knowledge of Greek, as the text shows, is rather modest; besides, the published text is a course of lectures, the author of which seems to want not so much to convey the results of laborious research and elaborated ideas to his students, as to understand ancient ontology together with the students.
Quarantine humour as a coping mechanism. A centennial “dialogue”
Authors: MĂDA Stanca , GOMOESCU Monica
Published: March 2021

"Quarantine humour functions as a coping mechanism transcending a time lapse of one
century between the 1918-1919 Spanish influenza pandemics and the 2020 Covid-19
ongoing crisis. The study aims at observing the main concerns related to the infections and their consequences for both the individuals and the societies. The paper focuses on the analysis of fifteen cartoons, six of them published in a newspaper in 1918-1919 and the rest in 2020 online media and social networks. The findings support the idea that pandemic humour is used not only for coping with the fear of death or illness, but also with coping with more mundane issues such as lack of commodities, losing one’s job, beauty concerns, online schooling or the lack of implication in solving the crisis on behalf of the authorities."
Ditransitive structures: the to-Dative
Authors: ZAMFIR Tania
Published: March 2021

"Starting with Chomsky (1965) the English Dative alternation has received a considerable
amount of attention given the two accounts which have emerged: a non-derivational
account (Kayne 1984, Pesetsky 1995, Harley 2002, Bruening 2010, 2018, Hallman 2015 i.a.)
and a derivational account (Larson 1988, Larson and Harada 2006, Ormazabal and Romero
2010, MacDonald 2015 i.a.). Starting from this discussion, I show that the dative alternation
has a morpho-syntactic dimension which can be illustrated at the level of idiomatic
expressions. Because idioms are considered fixed structures, the paper aims at investigating whether to-dative idioms can occur in both ditransitive syntactic frames. The investigation will show that idioms are fully compositional structures in line with Larson (2017) and they can occur in alternating ditransitive frames, contrary to what has been previously discussed."
The effectiveness of postpartum exercise to increase the quality of life score of postpartum mothers.
Authors: Anggarini Inge Anggi
Published: March 2021

Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum are dramatic episodes of the biological conditions, psychological changes and adaptations of a woman who has experienced them. Complex physical and emotional changes make a mother-to-be need adaptation to lifestyle adjustments related to pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. The adjustment process may work but some may not work so that the mother-to-be can experience psychological disorders with various symptoms or syndromes. There are several efforts that can be made to improve the quality of life for postpartum mothers, including postpartum exercise. The aims: to analyze the effectiveness of postpartum exercise to increase the quality of life score of postpartum mothers. The Method: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-posttest control group design. Sampling taken  by consecutive sampling. Results: The results showed that there were significant mean differences in the quality of life scores between the treatment group and the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study are expected to make a positive contribution to the science of midwifery as a non-pharmacological effort to improve the quality of life for postpartum mothers and to support government efforts to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity.
Comparative studies of the kinetics of dissolution of medicines on the basis of clopidogrel
Authors: Baula O. P. , Saliy O. O. , Bessаrabov V. I. , Gerasimchuk A. М.
Published: March 2021

Generic medicines occupy dominant positions both in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine and in industrial production by domestic pharmaceutical enterprises. The use of generic drugs in medical practice is of significant medical and social importance for expanding the accessibility of the general population to essential drugs. In Ukraine, more than twenty generic medicines based on clopidogrel, both foreign and domestic, are registered. All generic drugs containing clopidogrel bisulfate must comply with pharmaceutical bisulfate must comply with pharmaceutical equivalence, the kinetics of release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient using the Dissolution test in vitro, and pharmacokinetic parameters in vivo.

The aim of the work was to carry out comparative studies of the dissolution kinetics of four samples of generic drugs based on clopidogrel with the dissolution kinetics of the original drug Plavix®, to evaluate the similarity factor of dissolution profiles and to determine the effect of biopharmaceutical factors on the equivalence of generics. Comparative studies of the kinetics of dissolution were carried out by the in vitro method according to the «Dissolution» test using a device with a blade with a

rotation speed of 50 rpm, a dissolution medium with a pH value of 2.0 in a volume of 900 ml at a temperature of 37 ± 1 °C. The determination of the quantitative content of clopidogrel, which passed into the dissolution medium, was carried out by the method of adsorption spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet region at a wavelength of

about 240 ± 2 nm. Based on the data obtained, the dissolution profiles of the original drug Plavix® and the studied samples of generic drugs were constructed, the similarity of which was assessed by the value of the similarity factor. According to the research results, it was found that one sample of the generic drug proved its equivalence by the in vitro method to Plavix®, and three other samples of generics had differences in dissolution kinetics in comparison with the original drug. Biopharmaceutical factors were analyzed that could affect the dissolution kinetics of the studied generic drugs, from which the physicochemical characteristics of clopidogrel bisulfate, the qualitative and quantitative composition of excipients and the features of the technological process were determined.

Thus, on the basis of the comparative studies of the dissolution kinetics of drugs based on clopidogrel, generics were found that did not correspond to the in vitro equivalence according to the Dissolution test to the original drug, which could be due to the influence of a combination of biopharmaceutical factors.
Research of antiexudative and diuretic activity of effervescent tablets with a spissum extract from Betula leaves
Authors: Maloshtan L. , Chumak O. , Bezrukavyi Ye. , Shatalova O.
Published: March 2021

In recent years, herbal remedies gain the increasing popularity in the pharmacotherapy of many diseases. The number of people suffering from chronic pathology of the kidneys has steadily increased today. Phytopreparations would be useful for the pharmacological correction of chronic kidney disease. They can reduce the inflammatory process in the kidneys and, thus, maintain a physiological balance for the implementation and normalization of organism functions.
This work aimed to study the anti-exudative activity of effervescent tablets with spissum extract from Betula leaves on a model of carrageenan-induced inflammation and their diuretic activity against in water test in rats.
Tablets with spissum extract from Betula leaves were developed at the Department of Technologies of Pharmaceutical Preparations of the National University of Pharmacy. «Canephron® N» (Bionorica, Germany) and «Ortophen-Zdorovje» were chosen as the reference drugs. The study was carried out on 42 sexually mature rats weighing 180–200 g, which were kept on a standard vivarium diet at the Research Institute of Applied Pharmacy of the National University of Pharmacy. Inflammation was caused by the introduction of a 1% carrageenan solution into the hind limb of rats. The study of diuretic activity was carried out using the water test.
The rat foot volume significantly decreased during 2, 3, and 4 hours of the experiment under the influence of the studied tablets compared with the control pathology. The reference drug «Canephron ® N» showed a less pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and was inferior in its activity to effervescent tablets with spissum extract from Betula leaves with the same tendency of anti-inflammatory action.
As shown by the results of studies, 2 hours after the introduction of effervescent tablets with spissum extract from Betula leaves, diuresis was significantly different from the intact control. Diuresis was significantly higher after 4 hours in the group of animals receiving the studied drug. Similar data were shown by the drug «Canephron® N» by the end of the experiment.
For the first time, a study of the antiexudative and diuretic activity of effervescent tablets contained an extract from Betula leaves was carried out. It has been experimentally shown that the antiexudative activity of the developed drug was 28.9%, exceeded the similar activity of the phytopreparation «Kanefron® N» – 22.3%, and was inferior to the reference drug «Ortofen-Zdorovje» – 44.8%. It was found that the investigated drug exhibits the most pronounced anti-exudative properties during the first 2 hours of the experiment.
It was determined that after 4 hours the diuretic activity of effervescent tablets with a spissum extract from Betula leaves was 127% and 124% for the drug «Kanefron® N», respectively.
Catherine E. de Vries: Euroscepticism and the Future of European Integration
Authors: Kovář Jan
Published: March 2021

The European Union (EU) is facing one of the rockiest periods in itsexistence. At no time in its history has it looked so economically fragile, soinsecure about how to protect its borders, so divided over how to tackle thecrisis of legitimacy facing its institutions, and so under assault byEurosceptic parties. The unprecedented levels of integration in recentdecades have led to increased public contestation, yet at the same the EU ismore reliant on public support for its continued legitimacy than everbefore. This book examines the role of public opinion in the Europeanintegration process. It develops a novel theory of public opinion thatstresses the deep interconnectedness between people’s views aboutEuropean and national politics. It suggests that public opinion cannotsimply be characterized as either Eurosceptic or not, but rather that itconsists of different types. This is important because these types coincidewith fundamentally different views about the way the EU should bereformed and which policy priorities should be pursued. These types alsohave very different consequences for behaviour in elections andreferendums. Euroscepticism is such a diverse phenomenon because theEurozone crisis has exacerbated the structural imbalances within the EU. Asthe economic and political fates of member states have diverged, people’sexperiences with and evaluations of the EU and national political systemshave also grown further apart. The heterogeneity in public preferences thatthis book has uncovered makes a one-size-fits-all approach to addressingEuroscepticism unlikely to be successful.
STRATEGI NAIKAN OMZET LEWAT ONLINE
Authors: Syarifudin Syarifudin , Nugroho Aditya Riky , Yuwono Antania Shinta , Suripto Suripto , Asmedi Syamsul
Published: March 2021

Community service is an activity that aims to help certain communities in some activities without expecting anything in return. In general, this program is designed by various universities or institutes in Indonesia, one of which is Pamulang University. to make a real contribution to the Indonesian people, especially in developing the welfare and progress of the Indonesian people. Community Service Activities is one part of the Higher Education Tri Dharma. The form of activities in the implementation of community service in Jampang village is to transfer technology with the theme of raising the turnover strategy online. The instructors and resource persons involved were Accounting Study Program Lecturers from Pamulang University. The results of the PKM Implementation conducted on 20.21 and 22 September 2019 were adding to their knowledge in economics, owing to marketing, the participants of the ornamental fish group in Jampang were very enthusiastic about the material they got from accounting lecturers at Pamulang University, the participants can immediately practice selling via online, the response of the participants is very good and happy because it is very helpful in learning about how to sell via online.Very useful in carrying out marketing or sales strategies via the internet. according to a survey conducted by SWA Indonesia is the second largest in the world as a user of Facebook and Twitter and is very promising for online marketing, moreover supported by the ease of obtaining mobile phones. The internet has an appeal for consumers because it has advantages such as convenience, having access 24 hours a day, alternative efficiency space, unlimited area coverage. Online Marketing or Online Marketing has actually been carried out by Fish Farmers in Jampang Village, Kemang District, Bogor Regency, but has not been optimal in its management. So that it does not work well. To optimize marketing through online, on Sunday September 22 2019, community service activities in Jampang Village are carried out in the form of socialization related to "Strategy to Increase Online Turnover".Keywords: Increase Turnover Strategy via online
MEMBANGUN MENTAL MENGHADAPI UJIAN NASIONAL
Authors: Andhani Destian , Marayasa I Nyoman , Haryono Budi , Nurlina Ida , Hanis Umar
Published: March 2021

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat diharapkan menjadi kegiatan berkesinambungan untuk membantu masyarakat dalam menangani permasalahan yang mereka hadapi. Terlebih jika output dari kegiatan tersebut jelas, manfaat dari penelitian tersebut dapat berefek langsung bagi masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan pada pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berupa membangun mental siswa/i dalam menghadapi ujian nasional dan mendapatkan hasil yang terbaik. Dalam hal ini ditunjukan dengan melakukan peningkatan pembelajaran siswa, mulai dari persiapan fisik hingga kepada mental siswa melalui pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini.Hasil pengabdian masyarakat yang diperoleh adalah bertambahnya keilmuan bagi para para siswa/i yang dilakukan pada SMP Negeri 83 Jakarta yang berlokasi di Jl. Empang Bahagia Raya Jelambar, Kec. Grogol Petamburan, Kota Jakarta Barat Prov. D.K.I. Jakarta, dengan siswa/i berjumlah 571 perserta, agar mereka memiliki pandangan yang baik bagaimana membangun mental dalam menghadapi ujian nasional maka, para siswa/i bisa menerapkan kiat sukses menghadapi ujian nasional ini. Serta siswa/i yang selama ini belum tau cara belajar yang baik untuk menghadapi ujian nasional diperlukan latihan agar mendapatkan hasil yang terbaik pada ujian nasional. Kata Kunci : Membangun Mental, Ujian Nasional, SMP Negeri 83  Jakarta
Pendampingan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan dengan Teknik Pembukuan Sederhana pada Pelaku UMKM Scale-Up di Wilayah Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Angraini Dila , Utami Tri , Annisa Dea , Rosharlianti Zulfa , Irawati Wiwit
Published: March 2021

Community service (PKM) with the Community Empowerment House (RPM) Institute South Tangerang. The purpose of this PKM is to assist in the preparation of MSME financial report bookkeeping with simple techniques using the Ms. program. Excel. The UKM players involved in this PKM maybe 50 people with online training and mentoring on November 26, 2020 through the Zoom Meeting. The methods used in this PKM are counseling or lectures, tutorials, discussions, mentoring, and assessment. The results of the PKM is helping MSME players in understanding the problems of bookkeeping and composing as well as calculating the Cost of Goods Sold and recording and calculating inventory more accurately, assisted by Ms. Excel. UMKM players are precise and disciplined in doing bookkeeping using the Ms. program. Excel. It is hoped that this PKM can be useful for various parties including MSME actors themselves, the Indonesian Accountants Association, the Government, and academics. <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/
PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS, KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS (Pada Perusahaan Sektor Aneka Industri Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Pada Periode 2013-2016)
Authors: Abbas Dirvi Surya
Published: March 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh likuiditas, komisaris independen, kepemilikan institusional dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap financial distress secara parsial dan bersama-sama pada perusahaan sektor aneka industri yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Periode penelitian yang digunakan adalah 4 tahun yaitu periode 2013-2016.Populasi penelitian meliputi semua perusahaan aneka industri yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2013-2016. Teknik pengambilan sampel meggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan diperoleh jumlah sampel 10 perusahaan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari situs Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa likuiditas tidak berpengaruh, komisaris independen tidak berpengaruh, kepemilikan institusional tidak berpengaruh, dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif secara bersama-sama terhadap financial distress.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, KEPEMILIKAN PUBLIK DAN PENERAPAN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS (IFRS) TERHADAP AUDIT REPORT LAG
Authors: Metta Carania , Effriyanti Effriyanti
Published: March 2021

This study aims to find out and obtain evidence about Company Size, Public Ownership and Application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to Lag Audit Reports. This type of research is quantitative research with descriptive research. The population in this study was LQ-45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2010-2018 which were bought by 95 companies. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method. With a total of 81 research data. Hypothesis testing in this study uses linear multiple regression. Firm size and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) do not affect the audit lag report, while public ownership is related to the audit lag report
IMPLEMENTASI AKUNTANSI AGRIKULTUR PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Anwar Ravi Choirul , Firmansyah Amrie
Published: March 2021

This study aims to review the implementation of agricultural accounting in Indonesia Agricultural Sector Companies. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method using content analysis. The data taken as the object of study are all the company's 2016-2018 annual financial statements which are the periods before and after the effective effect of PSAK 69 and PSAK 16 on agricultural sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The objects are 14 companies. The results suggest that in the accounting treatment of biological assets and agricultural products, none of the companies implemented the early adoption of PSAK 69 (2015) and apply accounting treatment in accordance with PSAK 69 in 2018. Related to biological assets in the form of productive plants, almost all companies have applied accounting treatment in accordance with PSAK 16 (revised 2015). The effectiveness of PSAK 69 (2015) provides significant changes to the accounting treatment of biological assets owned by companies, especially related to agricultural products. The treatment has an impact by increasing the company's assets by recognizing agricultural products as biological assets that were not previously recognized and recorded by the company. Meanwhile, related to biological assets in the form of live animals and edible plants that had been previously recognized by the company, there was a change in measurement using fair value fewer costs to sell, thereby affecting fluctuations in the company's profit and loss. The entry into force of PSAK 69 (2015) also uniforms the recognition and measurement of biological assets by companies.
ANALISIS TEKNIKAL PERGERAKAN HARGA SAHAM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN INDIKATOR STOCHASTIC OSCILLATOR DAN WEIGHTED MOVING AVERAGE
Authors: 'Izzah Nur Alviyanil , Martia Dina Yeni , Imaculata Maria , Hidayatullah Moh Iqbal , Pradana Andhika Bagus , Setiyani Diyah Ayu , Sapuri Enes
Published: March 2021

Investments in the stock market are closely related to the price movement risk. Investors used technical analysis to minimize the risk caused by changes in stock prices. Hence, investors get the right decision to buy or sell the stocks. Weighted Moving Average and Stochastic Oscillator are technical analysis indicators that investors often use due to their ease and accuracy predictions. This study combines the Stochastic Oscillator and Weight Moving Average (WMA) indicators to predict stock price movements in various industrial sectors during the 2015 to 2019 period and the first semester of the 2020 covid-19 pandemic outbreak in Indonesia. This combination aims to provide better predictive results by completing the weaknesses of each indicator. To provide recommendations for the right investment decisions for investors interested in investing their funds, especially in various industrial sectors. Using the combination of WMA and SI indicator charts from the investing.com website resulting in a better prediction of the right time to buy or sell stocks in various industry sectors. While the shares of SCCO, INDR, INDS appear stable during 2020, the movement of KLBM and KLBI's share prices seems to be affected by the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia.
Role of Women in the Pursuit of NDE 4.0
Authors: Singh Ripi , Miceli Marybeth
Published: March 2021

This paper is intended to highlight roles that women can and likely will play in shaping the future of NDE 4.0, from execution to leadership levels as well as from development to transformation activities. As we build momentum toward adopting Industry 4.0 into the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) domain, we face multiple challenges such as technology standardization, talent and skills shortfall, massive transformation, and regulatory and certification standards (Singh 2019, 2020a). Many of these challenges are better addressed with a proper mix of gender in responsible teams. Women in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields are a source of talent that can be harnessed as digitalization becomes a major part of the NDE sector. According to a recent Forbes article, traits like listening and empathy serve women well in “change leadership,” which is the ability to influence and inspire action in others and respond with vision and agility during periods of growth, disruption, or uncertainty to bring about the needed change (Lipkin 2019). While working the innovation value chain, emotional intelligence makes women better suited to capturing marketplace insight and easing friction in technology adoption, and a balance of gender in a team makes for more productive ideation sessions for effective problem-solving and objective execution. This paper presents literature research triggered by personal experience and substantiated by recent candid conversations with women leaders in NDE, to highlight the importance of a blended and balanced gender mix required for NDE 4.0.
Influence of processing Parameters on Rust Removal Performance when Cleaning Steel with Ultrasonic Assistance
Authors: Son N. Hong , Hien P. Duy , Hoang N. Van , Hoang C. Huy , Dung H. Tien , Bao N. Chi , Trung D. Duc
Published: March 2021

Ultrasonic steel surface cleaning technology is increasingly playing an important role in many different fields. The determination of the influence of the machining parameters on the amount of removed rust on the steel surface is important in the selection of these parameters to increase the machining productivity. In this study, we conducted tests to determine the influence of machining parameters on the amount of removed rust on the steel surface. Tests were performed according to Box-Behnken matrix in two cases: Acids are used or not used in cleaning solutions. In the absence of the use of acids, the selected parameters were the input parameters of the test including machine power, cleaning time and the distance from the steel surface to the ultrasonic head (referred to as the machining distance). Four parameters have been selected as the input parameters when using acids in the detergent solution, including machine power, machining distance, solution concentration and machining time. Finally, orientation for the next research has also been proposed in this paper.
Limnological Studies of Pedda Cheruvu Lake in Rajgopalpet, Siddipet District, Telangana State
Authors: Srinivas D. , Shailaja K.
Published: March 2021

Pure water is the world’s first and foremost medicine and lakes are inland water bodies of water. Limnological studies of peddacheruvu Lake, Rajgopalpet, Siddipet district, Telangana state was carried out was over period of two years. The physico-chemical characteristics were studied and analyzed during the period of one year. Seasonal variations at three different stations of the lake were observed. Sewage drains, clothes washing, bathing of animals, agro-waste with pesticides residue and rituals waste drains into the lake may result into the change in physico-chemical characteristics of lake water. Some parameters like pH, temperature, Dissolved oxygen, Hardness, Nitrate, silicates and Phosphates etc. studied throughout year.