bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Pengaruh Kontaminasi Properti Rheology Water Based Mud di Lapangan Sunyu
Authors: Abdullah Rizky Agusman
Published: August 2024

This project focuses on Investigation of effect of contaminants on the Rheological Properties of Water-based Drilling Mud. For any drilling operation to be termed successful, care must be taken during the selection and application of the drilling fluid which are key factors that should be considered. Any actions contrary to carefully selection and application of drilling fluids could have very dire consequences. Based on the experiment work done on water base mud system to ascertain the effect of contaminants (salt, silica sand, cement and carbonate) on the rheological properties and performance of the mud, it shows that the presence of a contaminant on the drilling mud either reduces or increases the rheological properties of the mud system and in turn affects the rate of penetration, it performance and also poses serious drilling problems. It was observed that the presence of Sodium salt in the mud system increased the fluid loss into the formation. It was further observed that while Apparent Viscosity, Gel Strength increases as the mass increase from 1g to 5g, the pH and Plastic Viscosity almost did not change. The Yield point increases little.  With Cement as contaminant, it shows all rheological properties of the mud increased markedly, as the quantity of the cement used is increased from 1g to 5g and the pH does not change. Silica contamination has not showed any marked effect on the nature of the drilling mud. In fact, the more the amount of the contaminant (Silica) is added, the closer it properties are to the blank sample that do not have contaminants. The carbonate effect is largely on the Gel strength which decreases as the amount of added carbonate increases. The pH has no charges, which also means carbonate keeps the mud in it alkaline state, as it was the case with cement.
Evaluasi Stimulasi Hydraulic Fracturing Dan Analisa Produktivitas Sumur Pada Formasi Sandstone Sumur ”MG-09” Lapangan ”FI”
Authors: Aly Rasyid  , Nugroho Marsiyanto  , M Gilang Farhana Irsyad
Published: August 2024

Hydraulic fracturing is a stimulation method by injecting treatment fluid to fracture a formation by using proppant (sand) as a fracture buffer media which aims to improve the production rate in the well. Fracture geometry evaluation is done to get the right fracture geometry value. In the production evaluation, using the Howard and Fast method, the Kavg value in the MG-09 well was 39.4094 mD. Based on the actual production rate after hydraulic fracturing in well MG-09 there was an increase in the total flow rate from 65 BLPD to 182 BLPD. Based on the calculation of the increase in Productivity Index, the Prats method obtained an increase in PI of 2.63 times, while the CSD method (Cinco-ley, Samaniego and Dominique) obtained a multiple of the increase in productivity (K2P) or an increase in PI of 2.63 times and the skin factor of +12 to -4.8 Based on the comparison of the three-phase IPR curve of the Pudjo-Sukarno method, where at the same Pwf of 400 psi there was an increase in oil production from 45 BOPD to 134 BOPD. Therefore, the results of the hydraulic faracturing evaluation of the MG-09 well in terms of the work process (proppant, fracturing fluid), production analysis (permeability, productivity index, increased productivity index of the prats and CSD methods, level of skin repair and IPR curve analysis) were declared successful.
Analisa Sebaran Lapisan Sedimentasi Karbonate Berdasarkan Hasil Index Properties
Authors: Akbar Tri Gumilang  , Edy Soesanto  , Abdullah Rizky Agusman
Published: August 2024

This island is a sub-district located east of Pulau Laut at position 3° 24′ 23″ N o r t h Latitude and 116° 24′ 21″ East Longitude. The research location can be reached in 10 hours by road from Banjarmasin to Batulicin Ferry Port, the coast to Pulau Laut using the ferry for 2 hours arriving at Tanjung Serdang Port, followed by a land trip on Pulau Laut to Teluk Gosong Pier for 2 hours, the port by speedboat to arrive at Tanjung Nusantara Pier on Sebuku Island. Sebuku Island is included in the geological map of the 1812 Kotabaru Sheet, according to Rustandi (1995) there are four rock formations that make up Sebuku Island, among others (old to young); Ultrabasic Mesozoic Formation, Pitap Formation, Haruyan Formation, Tanjung Formation, and alluvium quaternary deposits. The Pitap Formation is of late Cretaceous age, deposited in a shallow marine environment, with a fairly wide distribution area. Its lithology consists of alternating conglomerates. The total weight of the sample is a factor that influences a carbonate percentage calculation. Water content is a factor that influences a calculated value.
ANALISIS MODEL MATEMATIKA PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT HIV/AIDS DENGAN KOINFEKSI TB
Authors: Abraham Abraham
Published: August 2024

Human Immunodificiency Virus (HIV) merupakan virus penyebab penyakit  Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Virus ini mengakibatkan turunnya fungsi kekebalan tubuh manusia. Belum ditemukannya obat untuk menyembuhkan penyakit ini mengakibatkan setiap penderita hanya diberikan terapi pengobatan yang bertujuan untuk memperlambat perkembangbiakan virus dalam tubuh penderita. Salah satu cara pengobatan yang dapat dilakukan bagi penderita penyakit HIV/AIDS adalah dengan melakukan terapi pengobatan yang dinamakan sebagai terapi ARV. Terapi ARV dapat membantu memperlambat perkembangan virus yang menyebar di dalam tubuh. Meski belum mampu menyembuhkan secara menyeluruh, namun terapi ARV mampu menurunkan angka kematian, kesakitan, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Ada berbagai penyakit yang dapat menyerang penderita HIV, salah satunya adalah Tubercolosis (TB). Oleh karena itu ketika ada TB di daerah endemik HIV maka sangat mungkin terjadi infeksi bersama antara HIV dan TB. Pemodelan matematika merupakan salah satu ilmu terapan dalam bidang matematika yang sering digunakan untuk mencari solusi dalam berbagai kasus pada beberapa bidang ilmu. Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas kasus adanya infeksi bersama antara HIV/AIDS dengan TB, dengan membentuk model matematika penyebaran penyakit HIV/AIDS dan koinfeksi penyakit TB dan menganalisis titik kestabilitan model dan dampak penyakit TB di daerah endemik HIV. Berdasarkan hasil analisis model yang diperoleh dua titik kesetimbangan yaitu titik kesetimbangan non endemik  dan titik kesetimbangan endemik . Titik kesetimbangan non endemik akan stabil secara asimptotik jika ambang batas  dan titik kesetimbangan endemik akan cenderung stabil tanpa gejala jika nilai ambang batas .
Joyful Learning Berbasis Ice Breaking Guna Meningkatkan Minat dan Konsentrasi Belajar Mahasiswa
Authors: Haidar Irajuana , Sari Dian Ulfa , Jahring Jahring , Nurwahida Nurwahida
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat dan kosentrasi belajar mahasiswa pada matakuliah kalkulus. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan data yang disajikan dengan deskriptif. Instrument dalam PTK ini adalah berupa lembar observasi minat belajar mahasiswa dan lembaran angket kosentrasi belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan 2 tahapan siklus, yang terdiri dari 3 pertemuan di masing-masing siklus. Sebelum di terpakan PTK ini, terlebih dahulu telah diperoleh data pra siklus, yang menunjukkan bahwa pada indikator minat dan kosentrasi belajar mahasiswa tidak ada satupun indikator yang berada 75% serta rataanya sebesar 55% dan 47%. Sehingga dilaksanakanlah tindakan pada Siklus I dan diperoleh hasil rataan sebesar 76% yang telah memenuhi ketuntasan minimal, namun syarat ketentuan indikator belum terpenuhi yaitu 5 indikator belum mencapai 76%. Sedangkan pada hasil analisis angket kosentrasi belajar mahasiswa pada Siklus I dengan nilai rataan sebesar 66% yang belum memenuhi syarat ketuntasan minimal sebesar 76% dan belum ada indikator kosntrasi yang memenuhi syarat ketuntasan. Sehingga berdasarkan hal-hal yang diperoleh pada Siklus I maka perlu ada perbaikan pada Siklus II. Pada pelaksanaan tindakan di Siklus II menujukkan hasil yang meningkat. Hasil observasi minat belajar diperoleh rataan sebesar 87% dan seluruh indikatornya menujukkan memenuhi syarat ketuntasan minimal. Begitupun pada hasil analisis angket kosentrasi belajar mengalami peningktan dengan rataan sebesar 83% dan 8 dari 10 indikator telah memenuhi syarat ketuntasan 76%.
IMPROVING ZINC PHOSPHATING TECHNIQUE USING CALCIUM OXIDE AND MAGNESIUM OXIDE
Authors: Ayoola A.A. , B. Durodola  , Fayomi O.S.I. , C. Obigwe  , A. Agbeyegbe  , A. Okoji
Published: August 2024

This study aims to improve the zinc phosphating technique, an industrial conversion coating technique, by investigating the performance of both calcium oxide and a combination of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide as particle modifiers in the zinc phosphating process. Mild steel samples were subjected to chemical pretreatment (degreasing, pickling, and activation) before being subjected to a zinc phosphate bath with process variables of phosphating temperatures (65℃ and 80℃), phosphating time (40, 60, and 80 minutes) and additive concentrations (calcium oxide and a combination of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide) of 0.9 g/L and 1.8 g/L. The SEM/EDX analysis of the coated samples was carried out before the sample weight loss test. For the calcium-modified phosphating process, bath conditions of 65 ℃ and 1.8 g/L produce a more uniform coating formation, with SEM/EDX analysis. A very high average inhibition efficiency of 54.11% was obtained for the coated mild steel at 65℃ and 1.8 g/L for calcium calcium-modified zinc phosphating process. For the calcium-magnesium additive-modified phosphate process, conditions of 80℃ and 1.8 g/L concentration gave the best coating. That is, the MgO and CaO-modified zinc phosphating process had a better synergetic and compatibility behavior at temperatures of 80℃ and increased additive concentration, with an inhibition efficiency of 32.68%. Based on the values of Kads and ∆Gads obtained, both the calcium additive adsorption process and calciummagnesium additive adsorption process can be described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. In each case, the adsorption process was physical adsorption and the process was exothermic, as justified by ∆Hads.
Robust Controller Design for Multivariable Systems under Nonstationary Parametric Variations and Bounded External Disturbances
Authors: Chestnov V. N. ,   Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Shatov D. V. ,   Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2024

This paper considers linear multivariable systems with physical parameters varying from their known nominal values in an arbitrary and nonstationary manner. The plant is subjected to polyharmonic external disturbances containing an arbitrary number of unknown frequencies with unknown amplitudes having a bounded sum. The problem is to design a controller that robustly stabilizes the closed loop system and ensures desired errors for the controlled variables of the plant with nominal parameters in the steady-state mode. The system equations of the original problem are represented in the (W, Λ, K)-form; for this form, the standard H∞ optimization problem is stated and solved. The desired accuracy of the system is achieved by analytically assigning the weight matrix of the controlled variables. The controller design method is illustrated by an example of solving a well-known benchmark problem.
Necessary Extremum Conditions and the Neustadt–Eaton Method in the Time-Optimal Control Problem for a Group of Nonsynchronous Oscillators
Authors: Berlin L. M. ,   Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Galyaev A. A. , Lysenko P. V. ,   Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,   Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2024

The time-optimal control problem for an arbitrary number of nonsynchronous oscillators with a limited scalar control is considered. An analytical investigation of the problem is performed. The property of strong accessibility and global controllability is proved, and a program control is found that brings the system from the origin to a fixed point in the shortest time. Trajectories satisfying both the motion equations of the system and the additional conditions based on the matrix nondegeneracy conditions of the relay control have been found for bringing a group of oscillators to the origin. Two classification methods of trajectories according to the number of control switchings are compared: the one based on the necessary extremum conditions and the Neustadt–Eaton numerical algorithm.
Making a Smart Investment: Evidence that Worker Health Programs Benefit Everyone—Slide deck
Authors:   Population Council
Published: August 2024

On 17 July 2024, the Population Council and UN Foundation's Universal Access Project co-hosted a timely discussion on addressing women’s health in global supply chains and latest efforts to drive corporate action on worker health and wellbeing. The Population Council presented a case study of public-private partnership in providing family planning services to garment workers in Egypt. And it put the study in context with its past initiatives in Asia—in Bangladesh and Cambodia—on workplace health programs and policies. The UN Foundation’s Universal Access Project led a panel discussion with business, development, and NGO experts on the state of workplace health and wellbeing initiatives, on connections to climate resilience and effective stakeholder engagement, and on next steps to engage corporate champions.
Pengaruh Takaran Pupuk Kandang Ayam dan Frekuensi Pemberian Pupuk Urea Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Teddy Teddy Syah Putra , Purwanti Setyastuti , Suryanti Sri
Published: August 2024

Low productivity of corn can be overcome by using fertilizer regularly. Regular fertilization has several benefits, including increasing production and yield quality. Fertilization is divided into organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are fertilizers composed of biological material, one of which is chicken manure. Inorganic fertilizers are fertilizers designed by the fertilizer industry by mixing several high-value inorganic chemicals, one of which is urea. The objectives of research to decide the right combination of doses of chicken manure and frequency of application of urea fertilizer to obtain optimal growth and yield of corn plants. The research was conducted at INSTIPER KP2, Maguwoharjo Village, Depok District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, from August to November 2022. The research design used was factorial which consisted of two factors and organized in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was the dose of chicken manure which consisted of three levels, namely control, 87 gram and 174 gram. The second factor was the frequency of application of urea fertilizer which consists of three levels, namely two times fertilization, three times fertilization and four times fertilization. Research data were analysis of variance (Anova) at a significant level of 5%. The research result showed that there was a significant interaction among the application of chicken manure 174 gram and the frequency of application of urea fertilizer four times the fertilization on the parameters of plant height and leaf area. The dose of chicken manure 174 gram significantly increased the growth parameters of plant dry weight and yield parameters of cob weight, cob diameter, weight of 100 large seeds and seed weight. The frequency of application of urea fertilizer four times of fertilization significantly increased the growth parameters of plant dry weight and yield parameters of cob weight, cob diameter, weight of 100 large seeds and seed weight.
Effect of gels on estimating the chemical and physical content of raw and boiled chicken leg meat (drumstick)
Authors: Jameel Firas Jameel , Hamid Mohammed , Hadi Sara , Yaakop Marina
Published: August 2024

Background: Meat, including poultry, have important nutritional value due to the characteristics they possess.Additionally, preparation methods and additives play a crucial role in determining its nutritional value, which is reflected in the consumer preferences.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of carrageenan in the boiling process, and its effect on the physicochemical properties of chicken fingers made from chicken leg meat.
Materials and Methods: The total protein percentage was estimated by the Kjeldahl method. The percentage of fat was determined by the Soxhlet method using a volatile organic solvent, such as hexane. Moisture was determined by drying the samples in an oven at 105°C until a constant weight was achieved. The ash percentage was estimated by incineration at a temperature of 50-600°C until weight was stable. Carbohydrates were estimated using the constant weight with the remaining components. The acidity was also estimated. Physical tests determined the separated water by calculating the difference of weight before and after pressing. The loss in boiling was estimated by calculating the weight difference before and after boiling.
Results: Adding carrageenan at a rate of 2.5% reduced fat, protein, and moisture and increased the percentage of ash in the samples before the boiled process. The addition of carrageenan also led to a decrease in water loss during the boiling process. By increasing the product’s ability to bind water and carrageenan, it improves consumers’ acceptance of the final product. Conclusion: The results showed a slight but significant increase in the percentage of ash, fat, and salt in the boiled and processed samples after adding carrageenan. Additionally, there was a decrease in the protein and acidity percentage for both the raw and boiled samples.
Keywords: carrageenan, chicken fingers, chicken leg (drumstick), chemical properties, physical properties.
Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados em empresas de pequeno porte
Authors: Briganon Elisângela de Oliveira , Lopes Costa Barbara Regina , Araujo Richard Medeiros
Published: August 2024

Resumo: A Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) é uma legislação brasileira para proteger a privacidade e a segurança dos dados das pessoas físicas e jurídicas. Ela estabelece direitos dos titulares, como acesso e exclusão das informações, e impõe obrigações às empresas, de adotar medidas de segurança. O descumprimento pode resultar em multas e penalidades. O Marco Civil da Internet é outra lei brasileira que aborda a neutralidade da rede, liberdade de expressão e privacidade, exigindo que os provedores protejam os dados dos usuários. Por sua vez, a visibilidade de dados e a segurança são essenciais nas redes sociais, exigindo transparência no tratamento das informações e medidas de proteção contra ameaças. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o cumprimento da LGPD por empresas de pequeno porte, especialmente no que se refere à segurança dos dados e o uso de dados de clientes (pessoa natural), para fins de marketing nas redes sociais. Para tal foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória quantitativa, abordando aspectos como o conhecimento da lei pelos empreendedores e as práticas de uso de dados e de marketing nas redes sociais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários e analisados com auxílio da visualização de gráficos. A amostra é composta por gestores e empreendedores da cidade de Indaiatuba. Os resultados revelam que apenas 17% das empresas informam, em cláusula contratual, o termo de usar dados do cliente para divulgação, 40% das empresas fazem backup dos dados dos clientes e que as empresas de pequeno porte estão diante de mais um desafio para o cumprimento da LGPD.
Impacto da pandemia sobre a administração público
Authors: Veloso Christiane , Emídio Macedo Davi Antônio , Ferreira Brandão Wa , Estrela de Sampaio ˆÂngela
Published: August 2024

A COVID-19 demandou a implementação de medidas abrangentes devido à sua rápida disseminação. Essas medidas tiveram impactos significativos em diversas áreas, incluindo notavelmente o processo licitatório. Desta forma, esta pesquisa, teve como objetivo analisar os impactos das medidas adotadas, em relação ao processo licitatório, pela Administração Pública, mediante o cenário de emergência sanitária, provocado pela pandemia. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa que tem como base a revisão integrativa de literatura. Dentre os resultados, constatou-se o uso de instrumentos de accountability, pela população, incluindo o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas, além da atuação conjunta de órgãos de controle, investigação e da própria sociedade civil. Apesar da subjetividade da análise das informações coletadas, este artigo contribui ao destacar a transparência na gestão pública e a participação da sociedade como agente de controle social, além de abordar aspectos relevantes relacionados ao processo de compras públicas.
A multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial of Tongluo-Qutong rubber plaster for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy
Authors: Xie Xing-Wen , Wang Chun-Xiao , Zhao Yong-Li , Luo Yong-Sheng , Wang Zhong-Hua , Liu Jing , Li Hui , Li Ding-Peng
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: In China, Tongluo-Qutong rubber plaster (TQRP) is commonly used for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, but lacks high-quality trials. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to conduct a multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial in China to investigate the practical efficacy and safety of TQRP in the treatment of CSR. METHODS: A total of 240 patients diagnosed with CSR were recruited for the investigation from multiple hospitals in Gansu province, China. The patients were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The experimental group received treatment with TQRP, whereas the control group was administered a diclofenac sodium patch (DSP) for a maximum duration of 21 days. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain, the proportion of patients experiencing 50% or more pain relief, the neck disability index (NDI), changes as per the Eaton trial, and recurrence during the follow-up period were evaluated for both groups. The safety and adverse events associated with the concurrent drug therapy were also evaluated. RESULTS: At each time point, the mean VAS and NDI scores of both groups demonstrated a downward trend. The experimental group exhibited a greater decline in VAS score at each time point compared to the control group (P< 0.01). In the Eaton trial, both the percentage of patients experiencing pain relief of 50% or more and the number of abnormal results exhibited improvement. However, the outcomes in the 21 ± 3d experimental group were significantly superior to those in the control group (P< 0.01). During the follow-up period, the recurrence events in the experimental group were reduced compared to the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 1.74% for TQRP and 3.54% for DSP. CONCLUSION: TQRP is effective and safe in the treatment of CSR.
Analysis of the external environment of export activity projects
Authors: Kovalenko Anna , Mazurenko Mykola
Published: August 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the essence and features of export
activity projects. The advantages and disadvantages of scientific approaches to their
management are analyzed. An author's approach to understanding export activity projects,
their types and essences is proposed. The need for a systematic approach to solving the
problems of export activity and its projects is indicated. The main directions of tasks
and further researches of export project management processes have been defined,
including all stages: from the initiation of projects to the processes of their
completion. The vision of project management of export activities is presented. It is
formed on the basis of a systemic approach and is presented in the form of a dual model
entity of export activity projects. As basic components, the proposed approach to
considering export activity projects includes endogenous and exogenous components. This
made it possible to separate the processes that can be attributed to project activity
from the processes of operational activity that form export activity. This is the
purpose of this article. As a result, the eligibility of the term project within the
export activity processes was substantiated. In the study, it is proposed to apply
exogenous and endogenous approaches to the study of export activity.  The work
considered the environment of export activity, which includes subjects of export
activity and objects of export activity. The constituent elements of the external and
internal environment of the project space were also formalized. The proposed approach to
project management requires a comprehensive consideration of export activity as a system
unit that includes a management, functional component, and support component. The
prospect of further research is the development of models of methods of initiation and
management of export activity projects. The article also provides examples of such
projects, examples of defining export activity and its regulatory and legal support.
The system of automatic control of the substrate temperature in the installation for the production of film material spray pyrolysis method
Authors: Pecherskaya E. A. , Semenov A. D. , Zinchenko T. O. , Danilov A. A. , Tuzova D. E.
Published: August 2024

A system of automatic control of the substrate temperature is proposed, which ensures the required accuracy of temperature maintenance and its minimum gradient over the surface when obtaining transparent conductive coatings by spray pyrolysis. During pyrolysis, aerosol droplets are transferred to a heated substrate; at the right temperature, they decompose, and then synthesize or melt on a hot substrate. The ideal temperature regime for evaporation of aerosol droplets will be the mode when a drop appears at the substrate immediately after evaporation of the solvent from it. Precise control of the substrate temperature and temperature gradient ensures this mode. The functional scheme of the proposed automatic control system consists of an automatic temperature controller, a power regulator, an infrared heater on halogen lamps, and a temperature sensor. The variational problem of minimizing power consumption when the infrared heater is turned on has been solved. This activation eliminates current emissions and thereby increases the service life of the heater. It is proposed to connect the heater to a current source in order to eliminate current emissions, thereby ensuring the optimal switching mode. The synthesis and analysis of the specified automatic control system has been performed, its time and frequency parameters have been calculated. Acceptable performance, zero static control error and zero overshoot, a significant margin of stability in phase and amplitude have been confirmed. The use of such an automatic temperature control system contributes to the creation of an optimal mode of evaporation of aerosol droplets, allows you to stabilize the substrate temperature and temperature gradient, thereby ensuring the stability of the characteristics of the resulting films. The investigated transparent conductive coatings are part of glasses with adjustable transparency, and are also used as layers of solar cells.
Group delay of a signal in the receiving path estimation of measuring devices with the use of the step response
Authors: Uyutnova E. G. , Pecheritsa D. S. , Burtsev S. Yu. , Zavgorodnii A. S.
Published: August 2024

The current parameters coordinate-time measuring instruments calibration methods of global navigation satellite systems are considered. For coordinate-time measuring instruments calibration in the process of their development and testing, the global navigation satellite systems signals simulators are used. However, the simulators also need a calibration procedure. Currently, there are various methods for ensuring the metrological characteristics of simulators, including their calibration using oscilloscope. However, this method has not only advantages, but also limitations related to the use of an oscilloscope. VNIIFTRI develops a new reference measuring device – the calibrator of the global navigation satellite systems simulator. Since the work of the calibrator is based on the same principles as the work of the navigation receiver and the calibrator determine the time delay of accepted signal from the calibrated simulator, it is extremely important to accurately evaluate the own group time delay of the calibrator by the reception circuit and develop the methodology of determining the determination this metrological characteristic. The schematic solutions used of creating a calibrator include digital blocks, such as digital-analog or analog-cyphrane converters. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the group time delay in the input circuit of the calibrator containing an analog-digital converter. Traditional group delay estimation methods using S-parameters are not suitable for this purpose because they cannot compare analog and digital signals. This article has developed an indirect method for assessing the grouping time delay in the calibrator input circuit. The method proposed by the authors determines the group time delay time in the reception of the calibrator according to the circuit transition characteristic. The method is verification and calibration of measuring equipment using the input and output signals with an analog-digital converting. Using the proposed method, the group time delay in the calibrator circuit containing an analog-digital converter is estimated. The results of studies are given by the proposed method of this parameter of circuits with various microwave devices (power splitter, circulator). The proposed method allows you to obtain accurate assessments of the frequency characteristics of the measuring devices circuits and normalize their metrological characteristics.
Culture Techniques of Moina: The Ideal Daphnia for Feeding Freshwater Fish Fry
Authors: Rottmann R.W. , Graves J. Scott , Watson Craig , Yanong Roy
Published: August 2024

This document provides an extensive overview of the biology, culture methods, and practical applications of Daphnia, specifically focusing on the genera Daphnia and Moina. Daphnia, known as "water fleas" due to their size and distinctive movement, play a crucial role in freshwater ecosystems and aquaculture. The document discusses their physical and chemical habitat requirements, food sources, and reproductive cycles. It highlights the advantages of Moina in aquaculture due to their high reproductive rates and tolerance to environmental conditions. Detailed procedures for the culture of Moina, including container specifications, water quality management, aeration, feeding, and harvesting techniques, are provided. Additionally, the document addresses nutritional aspects and methods for long-term storage. This comprehensive guide aims to support hobbyists and commercial operators in optimizing Moina production for feeding fish fry. First published May,1992.
Pentastomid Infections in Fish
Authors: Yanong Roy
Published: August 2024

Pentastomes are worm-like parasites that infect various fish species, such as tilapia, danios, flagfish, and swordtails. These parasites, resembling small segmented grubs, are more closely related to crustaceans like fish lice than to true worms. Pentastomes have an indirect life cycle involving reptilian final hosts, such as turtles, alligators, and snakes. The life cycle includes the deposition of eggs by adult pentastomes in the reptile's respiratory system, which are then excreted and ingested by fish hosts, where larvae develop into nymphs. Infected fish may exhibit significant tissue damage, depending on the fish species and parasite load. Diagnosis involves identifying characteristic lesions and parasites through microscopy. No effective chemical treatments exist; thus, prevention focuses on controlling reptilian hosts and maintaining pond hygiene. Infected fish usually require culling to manage outbreaks effectively. Early recognition and preventative measures are crucial to minimize infection rates in aquaculture settings. Document first published March, 2002.
Lymphocystis Disease in Fish
Authors: Yanong Roy
Published: August 2024

This document is about Lymphocystis disease, a chronic condition affecting freshwater and marine fishes caused by the Lymphocystivirus1. It details the symptoms, such as wart-like nodules on fins, skin, or gills, and the pathology involving enlarged fibroblasts23. The document also covers diagnosis methods, including microscopic examination, and differential diagnosis to distinguish it from other diseases. Additionally, it discusses transmission, management, and prevention strategies to control the spread and impact of the disease. Original publication date December 2010.
Analyzing the Price Gap Between Steers and Bulls in Florida: The Effect of Price Slides on the Value of Additional Pounds
Authors: Baker Hannah
Published: August 2024

Castration of bull calves on cow-calf operations usually improves profitability. On average over the last six years, Florida prices for steer calves have been 5% higher than prices for bull calves. In 2023, a year of record-high prices, steer prices averaged 6% higher, with the average discount for bulls at roughly $64 per head. Buyers pay more for steer calves because they are docile, and because steer carcasses are more valuable. Cattle producers are therefore encouraged to castrate bull calves. Bulls may weigh more than steers at the time of weaning, bringing what seems like a higher price, but there is a price slide for entering the heavier weight class. Determining the value of those additional pounds, and whether it is enough to make up for the discount is key. Using prices from 2023 (with prices projected to remain favorable for at least the next year), this publication allows producers to determine what a bull calf would need to weigh to receive the same price as a steer calf.
Women and Diabetes
Authors: Brown Marcia , Bobroff Linda , O'Neal LaToya J.
Published: August 2024

This document is about the importance of diabetes awareness and care among women. It highlights that women, often primary caregivers, may neglect their own health, leading to undiagnosed diabetes and severe complications. The document emphasizes that diabetes affects women differently than men, with higher risks of heart disease, blindness, and depression. It also notes that women from certain racial and ethnic groups are more at risk. The Take Time to Care campaign by the FDA aims to educate women on diabetes risk factors and encourage testing. Additionally, it provides resources from the CDC, American Diabetes Association, and other organizations for further information and support. Original publication date February 2008.
Aechmea fasciata Silver Vase
Authors: Gilman Edward , Klein Ryan W. , Hansen Gail
Published: August 2024

This document is about Aechmea fasciata, commonly known as Silver Vase. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its silver-grey, banded foliage and brilliant pink flower stalk. The document covers growth requirements, such as partial shade and well-drained soil, and uses for mass planting, containers, and ground cover. It also highlights propagation methods and potential problems like scale and root rot. The bold form and coarse texture make it ideal for landscape design. Original publication date September 1999.
Agapanthus orientalis: Agapanthus, African Lily, Lily of the Nile
Authors: Gilman Edward , Klein Ryan W. , Hansen Gail
Published: August 2024

This document is about Agapanthus orientalis, commonly known as Agapanthus, African lily, or lily of the Nile. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its large, blue, funnel-shaped flowers and coarse, strap-like green leaves. The document covers its growth habits, planting requirements, and uses in landscaping, such as mass plantings, groundcover, and accent plants. It also highlights the plant’s moderate growth rate, drought tolerance, and pest resistance, along with available cultivars and propagation methods. The document emphasizes the plant’s ornamental features and suitability for various garden settings.  Original publication date September 1999.
Agave attenuata Spineless Century Plant
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: August 2024

This document provides an overview of the Agave attenuata, commonly known as the spineless century plant. It highlights the plant’s general characteristics, including its soft, blueish-green foliage, lack of spines, and suitability for smaller landscapes. The plant is noted for its hardiness, tolerating heat, drought, and moderate salt exposure, and its ability to grow in various soil types. The document also discusses design considerations, suggesting companion plants to enhance its visual appeal, and provides management tips for optimal growth. Original publication date October 1999.
Ananas comosus: Pineapple
Authors: Gilman Edward , Klein Ryan W. , Hansen Gail
Published: August 2024

This document provides an overview of the pineapple plant, Ananas comosus, detailing its characteristics, uses, and cultivation requirements. Pineapples are perennial, herbaceous plants with bright green, spiny leaves that form a rosette. They thrive in USDA hardiness zones 10 through 11 and are used for ornamental purposes as well as fruit production. The plant prefers well-drained soil and partial shade but can tolerate full sun. Propagation is typically done by dividing suckers or rooting the leafy tops of mature fruits. Common pests include mites, scales, and mealy bugs, though no major diseases are noted. The document also highlights the aesthetic appeal of pineapples in landscaping and their compatibility with various companion plants. Original publication date September 1999.
Antirrhinum majus Snapdragon
Authors: Gilman Edward , Klein Ryan W. , Hansen Gail
Published: August 2024

This document provides a comprehensive overview of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus), detailing their various types, growth habits, and care requirements. It covers the plant’s physical characteristics, including height, spread, and flower colors, as well as its preferred growing conditions such as soil type, light requirements, and planting months for different USDA hardiness zones. The document also discusses propagation methods, common pests and diseases, and recommended companion plants. Additionally, it highlights the ornamental uses of snapdragons in landscaping and provides tips for maintaining healthy plants. Original publication date October 1999.
Aspidistra elatior Cast Iron Plant
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: August 2024

This document provides an overview of the cast iron plant (Aspidistra elatior), highlighting its characteristics, uses, and growing conditions. The plant is known for its dark green, glossy foliage and ability to thrive in low-light environments. It is a perennial herbaceous plant native to temperate Asia and is suitable for use as a ground cover, container plant, or indoor plant. The cast iron plant is tolerant of a wide range of soil types and has moderate drought tolerance. It is generally pest-resistant but susceptible to leaf-spotting diseases. The document also discusses the plant’s propagation methods and care requirements, including its need for protection from winter winds in colder climates. Original publication date October 1999.
Begonia tuberhybrida Hybrid Tuberous Begonia
Authors: Gilman Edward , Heatley Randy
Published: August 2024

This document provides comprehensive information on the cultivation and care of Hybrid Tuberous Begonias (Begonia tuberhybrida). It covers the plant’s growth requirements, including light, soil, and watering needs, as well as its susceptibility to pests and diseases. The document also details propagation methods, such as stem cuttings and tuber division, and offers guidance on planting times for various USDA hardiness zones. Additionally, it addresses common issues like flower bud drop, powdery mildew, and stem rot, providing practical solutions to maintain plant health and vigor. Original publication date October 1999.
Coleus x hybridus Coleus
Authors: Gilman Edward , Howe Teresa
Published: August 2024

This document provides an overview of the coleus plant, known for its vibrant foliage rather than its flowers. It details the plant’s growth requirements, including sunlight, water, and soil preferences, and offers tips for encouraging fuller growth through pinching and removing flower spikes. The document also covers the plant’s propagation methods, potential pests, and its various uses in landscaping and container gardening. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s characteristics, such as height, spread, leaf arrangement, and color, making it a versatile choice for gardeners.  Original publication date October 1999.
Colubrina arborescens Coffee Colubrina, Wild Coffee
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: August 2024

This document provides an overview of Colubrina arborescens, commonly known as coffee colubrina or wild coffee. Native to south Florida and the Caribbean Basin, this small tree or large shrub can reach heights of 20 feet or more. It features shiny, dark green leaves with prominent yellow veins and rust-colored hairs. The plant thrives in sunny or partially shaded locations and is suitable for various uses, including as a hedge, screen, or ornamental plant. It is highly drought-tolerant, grows well in various soil types, and is not known to be invasive. The document also highlights its year-round flowering, bird-attracting fruit, and general pest resistance.Original publication date October 1999.
Cordyline terminalis Ti Plant
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: August 2024

This document provides an overview of the ti plant (Cordyline terminalis), highlighting its ornamental features and growing requirements. The ti plant is known for its colorful, flexible leaves that range from light greens and pinks to dark reds. It thrives in full sun or partial to deep shade and requires fertile, well-drained soil. The plant is suitable for various uses, including as a houseplant, in containers, or as an accent in outdoor landscapes. It is generally available within its hardiness range and can be propagated easily by cuttings. The document also notes potential issues such as sensitivity to pests and diseases. Original publication date October 1999.
Corylus americana American Filbert
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: August 2024

This document provides an overview of the American filbert (Corylus americana), a shrub native to the eastern United States. It details the plant’s characteristics, including its height, spread, leaf arrangement, and fall color. The American filbert is noted for its attractive nuts, which are highly appealing to wildlife, particularly squirrels. The document also discusses the plant’s growth requirements, such as its preference for moist areas and its high drought tolerance once established. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its moderate growth rate, and its general pest resistance. Original publication date October 1999.
Dahlia x 'Figaro Improved' Figaro Improved Dahlia
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: August 2024

This document provides comprehensive information on the cultivation and care of the ‘Figaro Improved’ dahlia. It covers optimal soil conditions, planting times, and spacing requirements for different USDA hardiness zones. The document also details common pests and diseases affecting dahlias, along with their symptoms and control measures. Additionally, it includes propagation methods and general maintenance tips to ensure healthy growth and vibrant blooms. Original publication date October 1999.
Dietes vegeta African Iris, Butterfly Iris
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: August 2024

This document provides a detailed overview of the African iris (Dietes vegeta), a clumping, robust perennial known for its stiff, fan-shaped leaves and white flowers marked with yellow and blue. It describes the plant’s growth habits, including its height, spread, and preferred growing conditions, such as its tolerance for wet soil and partial shade. The document also highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, its moderate drought tolerance, and its minimal maintenance requirements. Additionally, it covers propagation methods and potential pest issues, noting that nematodes are the primary concern.  Original publication date October 1999.
Fothergilla major Large Fothergilla, Mountain Witchalder
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: August 2024

This document provides a detailed overview of the Fothergilla major, commonly known as large fothergilla or mountain witchalder. It describes the shrub’s physical characteristics, including its height, spread, and seasonal changes in foliage and flowers. The document also outlines the plant’s growing conditions, such as soil preferences, light requirements, and drought tolerance. Additionally, it highlights the plant’s uses in landscaping, noting its ornamental features and suitability for various planting locations. The document emphasizes the plant’s low pest resistance and the importance of minimal pruning to maintain its natural form.
Gazania x 'Bronze Red' Bronze Red Gazania
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: August 2024

This document provides a concise summary of the ‘Prostrata’ or trailing gardenia, a dwarf cultivar of Gardenia jasminoides. It outlines the plant’s growth habit as a ground cover, its height and spread, and its ornamental features, including leaf and flower descriptions. The text discusses the plant’s environmental preferences, such as soil and light requirements, and notes its moderate drought tolerance. It also mentions the susceptibility to pests and methods of propagation, emphasizing the trailing gardenia’s versatility in various landscape applications. The abstract is designed for presentation on a journal website, offering a snapshot of the plant’s characteristics and cultivation information. Original publication date October 1999.
Hippeastrum x hybridum Amaryllis
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: August 2024

This document provides an overview of the amaryllis plant, scientifically known as Hippeastrum x hybridum. It describes the plant’s characteristics, including its large, trumpet-shaped flowers available in various colors, and its semi-evergreen nature in northern Florida. The document details the plant’s growth requirements, such as well-drained soil and partial shade, and its moderate drought tolerance. It also covers planting guidelines, propagation methods, and common pests and diseases. The amaryllis is noted for its ornamental features and versatility in landscaping, making it suitable for mass plantings, containers, borders, and naturalizing. Original publication date October 1999.
Hydrangea quercifolia Oakleaf Hydrangea
Authors: Gilman Edward
Published: August 2024

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia), detailing its physical characteristics, growth requirements, and uses in landscaping. The shrub, known for its distinctive oak-shaped leaves and seasonal color changes, thrives in a variety of soil types and light conditions. It is noted for its moderate growth rate, coarse texture, and showy flowers that transition from white to pink and tan. The document also highlights the plant’s hardiness, pest resistance, and propagation methods, making it a versatile and low-maintenance choice for gardens and natural settings. Original publication date October 1999.