bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferromagnetic resonance study of iron implanted PET foils
Authors: Okay C. , Rameev B. Z. , Khaibullin R. I. , Okutan M. , Yildiz F. , Popok V. N. , Aktas B.
Published: April 2006

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foils were implanted with 40 keV Fe+ ions to doses of (0.15–1.50) × 1017 ions/cm2 at ion current density of 4 µA/cm2. The iron‐implanted PET composites were investigated using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique supplemented by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and DC resistance measurements. TEM studies revealed formation of iron nanoparticles with size in the range of 5–100 nm depending on the implantation dose. AFM images showed depending on the implantation dose either small bumps or worm‐like structures on the polymer surface that corresponded to the inclusions towered above the surface. The results of AFM studies were found to be in good agreement with the TEM measurements. FMR signal was observed for the foils implanted with the dose higher than 0.15 × 1017 ions/cm2. The effective magnetization of the metal‐polymer composite was extracted from the angular dependencies of FMR resonance field. The percolation transition at the implantation dose of 1.0 × 1017 ions/cm2 was observed in the dose dependencies of the FMR absorption intensity and the effective magnetisation. The minimum in DC resistance found at the same dose indicates that a charge carrier mediated (exchange) interaction rather than the dipolar one is underlying mechanism for the percolation transition. Formation of a carbonized layer in the heavily implanted area of the polymer is supposed to be responsible for the exchange coupling of the magnetic granules. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetoresistive effect and impedance spectroscopy of Co‐implanted polyimide
Authors: Popok V. N. , Lukashevich M. G. , Gorbachuk N. I. , Odzhaev V. B. , Khaibullin R. I. , Khaibullin I. B.
Published: April 2006

Electronic properties and magnetoresistance of polyimide (PI) films implanted by 40 keV Co+ ions with high fluences at various ion current densities are studied. Insulator‐to‐metal transition (IMT) is found for the highest implantation fluence (1.25 × 1017 cm–2) at ion current densities of 8 and 12 µA/cm2. The IMT is caused by the radiation‐induced alteration of the implanted PI and agglomeration of the Co nanoparticles (NPs) providing an efficient percolation way for the charge carriers. Impedance spectroscopy shows the increase in capacitance with fluence for the samples on the dielectric side of the IMT, which is caused by formation of the conductive metal NPs and carbonised clusters separated by insulating polymer media. The percolation of the conductive phase for the samples on the metallic side of the IMT results in an inductive character of the impedance. The magnotoresistive effect is found to be positive for the samples on the dielectric side of the IMT and negative for the samples on the metallic side. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Permanent magnet systems with strong stray magnetic fields and very high gradients for material separation
Authors: Il'yashenko E. I. , Glebov V. A. , Glebov A. V. , Skjeltorp A. T. , Johansen T. H.
Published: April 2006

The system consisting of permanent magnets of Kittel open domain structure with a mask made of thin sheets of soft magnetic material is described. The simulations showed that the maximal value of induction for system consisting of two neodymium–iron–boron magnets in presence of a mask is increased from 3 T (without a mask) up to 4 T. In this case the product B∇B on the distance of 0.01 mm achieves a value of 4.2 × 1011 mT2/m. The experimental device with a mask made of low carbon steel sheets is shown to be useful for separation of paramagnetic substances such as dysprosium sulfate, europium chloride and copper chloride. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anisotropic FMR‐linewidth of triple‐domain Fe layers on hexagonal GaN(0001)
Authors: Buchmeier M. , Bürgler D. E. , Grünberg P. A. , Schneider C. M. , Meijers R. , Calarco R. , Raeder C. , Farle M.
Published: April 2006

We present a ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) study of Fe films with thicknesses between 5 and 70 nm prepared by electron‐beam evaporation on top of hexagonal GaN(0001). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED) suggest the growth in crystallographic Fe(110) domains with three different orientations. The magnetic properties have been investigated by in‐plane angle‐dependent FMR at frequencies between 4.5 to 24 GHz. All samples show a hexagonal in‐plane anisotropy with the easy axes oriented parallel to the Fe [001] directions. The anisotropy field strength of about 8 mT reveals a bulk‐like thickness dependence. Therefore, we can exclude the following origins of anisotropy: (i) interface effects because of the bulk‐like thickness dependence and (ii) averaged first order cubic or uniaxial anisotropies arising from the three grain orientations because of the relative strengths. We qualitatively explain the sixfold anisotropy by spin relaxation inside the grains. The FMR linewidth versus frequency curves are linear with almost no zero‐frequency offset indicating a good homogeneity of the magnetic properties over the sample area. However, the effective damping parameter α shows pronounced anisotropy and thickness dependence, with enhanced damping along the hard axes and for thicker layers. We suggest that the additional damping can be explained by two‐magnon scattering at defects which are due to the triple domain structure. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A family of destabilized cyan fluorescent proteins as transcriptional reporters in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Hackett Elizabeth A. , Esch R. Keith , Maleri Seth , Errede Beverly
Published: April 2006

The ‘programmable’ features of the N‐end rule degradation pathway and a ubiquitin fusion strategy were exploited to create a family of destabilized cyan fluorescent proteins (CFP) to be used as transcriptional reporters. The N‐degron CFP reporters characterized in this report have half‐lives of approximately 75, 50 and 5 min, but further modification of the N‐degron signal sequences could readily generate additional variants within this range. These destabilized CFP reporters have been engineered into convenient plasmid constructs with features to enable their expression from upstream activating sequences of choice and to facilitate their targeted integration to the URA3–TIM9 intergenic region of chromosome V. The advantages and limitations of these reporters as temporal indicators of gene expression in living cells are illustrated by their application as reporters of galactose‐ and pheromone‐induced transcription. The plasmid design we describe and the range of different stabilities that are theoretically feasible with this strategy make the N‐degron CFP reporters easily adapted to a variety of applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cfr1+ gene participates in mating through a new pathway that is independent of fus1+
Authors: Cartagena‐Lirola Hugo , Durán Ángel , Valdivieso M.‐Henar
Published: April 2006

Conjugation is a complex event directed to ensure the transfer of genetic material, which is achieved by the union of two cells. In fungi, success of this relevant process requires digestion of the cell wall at the point where both cells have agglutinated and, later, the union of the plasma membranes and nuclei from the mating partners. In order to gain information about cell fusion, we have cloned and disrupted the cfr1+ gene from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. cfr1+ gene is slightly induced at the beginning of mating but Cfr1p protein is degraded soon after the cells are transferred to nitrogen‐lacking medium. cfr1Δ mutants present a defect in cell fusion owing to a failure in the digestion of the cell walls between the two parental cells. Finally, cytological and genetic analyses show that cfr1+ acts in a new pathway involved in conjugation that is independent of fus1+, the only gene that has been found to be specifically required for cell fusion during mating in the fission yeast. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The efficacy of non‐pharmacological interventions in the management of procedural pain in preterm and term neonates
Authors: Cignacco Eva , Hamers Jan P.H. , Stoffel Lilian , van Lingen Richard A. , Gessler Peter , McDougall Jane , Nelle Mathias
Published: April 2006

Background: Neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit are exposed to a high number of painful procedures. Since repeated and sustained pain can have consequences for the neurological and behaviour‐oriented development of the newborn, the greatest attention needs to be paid to systematic pain management in neonatology. Non‐pharmacological treatment methods are being increasingly discussed with regard to pain prevention and relief either alone or in combination with pharmacological treatment.

Aims: To identify effective non‐pharmacological interventions with regard to procedural pain in neonates.

Methods: A literature search was conducted via the MedLine, CINAHL, Cochrane Library databases and complemented by a handsearch. The literature search covered the period from 1984 to 2004. Data were extracted according to pre‐defined criteria by two independent reviewers and methodological quality was assessed.

Results: 13 randomised controlled studies and two meta‐analyses were taken into consideration with regard to the question of current nursing practice of non‐pharmacological pain management methods. The selected interventions were “non‐nutritive sucking”, “music”, “swaddling”, “positioning”, “olfactory and multisensorial stimulation”, “kangaroo care” and “maternal touch”. There is evidence that the methods of “non‐nutritive sucking”, “swaddling” and “facilitated tucking” do have a pain‐alleviating effect on neonates.

Conclusions: Some of the non‐pharmacological interventions have an evident favourable effect on pulse rate, respiration and oxygen saturation, on the reduction of motor activity, and on the excitation states after invasive measures. However, unambiguous evidence of this still remains to be presented. Further research should emphasise the use of validated pain assessment instruments for the evaluation of the pain‐alleviating effect of non‐pharmacological interventions.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of the March 11 attacks in Madrid admitted to a hospital emergency room: 6-month follow-up
Authors: Fraguas D. , Terán S. , Conejo-Galindo J. , Medina O. , Sainz Cortón E. , Ferrando L. , Gabriel R. , Arango C.
Published: April 2006

Purpose:

To determine the change in prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in victims of the March 11 attacks and their relatives, 1 and 6 months after the attacks.

Subjects and methods

Evaluation of PTSD symptoms using the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in a sample of 56 patients admitted to an emergency room of a general hospital, and assessment of PTSD symptoms in relatives of the patients.

Results:

At Month 1, 41.1% of patients (31.3% of males and 54.2% of females) presented with PTSD. At Month 6, this figure was 40.9% (30.4% of males and 52.4% of females). There was a significant improvement in perception of health among females between Month 1 and Month 6. Relatives presented similar DTS scores at baseline and at 6 months.

Discussion:

We verified that rates of PTSD did not vary substantively between the two evaluations. PTSD symptoms positively correlated with psychological health involvement. This correlation points out that both PTSD symptoms and subjective general health involvement are part of the psychological response to trauma.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was high and remained stable between Month 1 and Month 6, while subjective perception of health improved significantly.
‘IT MEANS AS IF WE ARE EXCLUDED FROM THE GOOD FREEDOM’: THWARTED EXPECTATIONS OF INDEPENDENCE IN THE LUAPULA PROVINCE OF ZAMBIA, 1964–6
Authors: MACOLA GIACOMO
Published: April 2006

Based on a close reading of new archival material, this article makes a case for the adoption of an empirical, ‘sub-systemic’ approach to the study of nationalist and postcolonial politics in Zambia. By exploring the notion of popular ‘expectations of independence’ to a much greater degree than did previous studies, the paper contends that the extent of the United National Independence Party's political hegemony in the immediate post-independence era has been grossly overrated – even in a traditional rural stronghold of the party and during a favourable economic cycle. In the second part of the paper, the diplomatic and ethnic manoeuvres of the ruler of the eastern Lunda kingdom of Kazembe are set against a background of increasing popular disillusionment with the performance of the independent government.
‘SUBTERRANEAN EVIL’ AND ‘TUMULTUOUS RIOT’ IN BUGANDA: AUTHORITY AND ALIENATION AT KING'S COLLEGE, BUDO, 1942
Authors: SUMMERS CAROL
Published: April 2006

Staff petitions, sexual and disciplinary scandal and open riot pushed Buganda's leaders to close Budo College on the eve of Kabaka (King) Muteesa II's coronation. The upheaval at the school included a teachers' council that proclaimed ownership of the school, student leaders who manipulated the headmaster through scandal and school clubs and associations that celebrated affiliation over discipline. Instead of enacting and celebrating imperial partnership and order in complex, well-choreographed coronation rituals, the school's disruption delineated the fractures and struggles over rightful authority, order and patronage within colonial Buganda, marking out a future of tumultuous political transition.
HISTORY ON THE LUAPULA RETOLD: LANDSCAPE, MEMORY AND IDENTITY IN THE KAZEMBE KINGDOM
Authors: GORDON DAVID M.
Published: April 2006

This article examines memorial traditions and social identities in the Luapula Valley during the nineteenth century. In History on the Luapula, Ian Cunnison argued that most histories in the Luapula Valley were ‘personal’ renditions except for the ‘impersonal’ and general history of the Kazembe Kingdom. This article details how the impersonal history of the Kazembe Kingdom arose. Through the association of shrines and natural phenomena with the ancestral heroes that featured in the historical drama of the Kazembe conquests, a more general, universal and hegemonic history was rendered. The formulation and commemoration of this history sustained two Luapulan identities, a ‘Lunda’ migrant identity and a ‘Shila’ autochthonous identity, both of which proved to be solid foundations for the creation of ‘tribes’ in the colonial period.
THEY POURED THEMSELVES INTO THE MILK: ZULU POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY UNDER SHAKA
Authors: BJERK PAUL K.
Published: April 2006

This article synthesizes metaphors and practices surrounding human and bovine milk and semen appearing in the James Stuart Archive of Zulu oral history. The King's control of the flow of milk in society was the source of his power and the mechanism by which he controlled the state. A fluent understanding of this Zulu political philosophy in the Stuart Archive opens up a rich and underutilized source of historical information for Zulu history that adds significantly to prior studies. Parallels to these images in the Great Lakes region suggest a ‘milk complex’ rather than the common perception of a ‘cattle complex’.
REBELLIOUS YOUTH IN COLONIAL AFRICA
Authors: WALLER RICHARD
Published: April 2006

‘That rebellious youth’ alarmed colonial authorities and elders alike is increasingly an issue for historians. This article surveys the issue as an introduction to the two studies that follow. It considers both the creation of images of youthful defiance as part of a debate about youth conducted largely by their seniors and the real predicaments faced by young people themselves. Concern revolved around the meanings of maturity in a changing world where models of responsible male and female adulthood, gendered expectations and future prospects were all in flux. Surviving the present and facing the future made elders anxious and divided as well as united the young. The article concludes by suggesting a number of areas, including leisure and politics, where the voice of youth might be more clearly heard, and proposes comparisons – with the past, between racial groups and between ‘town’ and ‘country’ – that link the varied experiences of the young.
Psychiatrischer Patient mit Leberwerterhöhung
Authors: Freund
Published: April 2006

Bei unklaren Leberwerterhöhungen, besonders wenn Therapien mit verschiedenen potentiell hepatotoxischen Medikamenten bestehen, muss an eine medikamentöse Ursache gedacht werden. In unserem Fall konnte diese weitgehend ausgeschlossen werden. Eine Leberwerterhöhung nach Therapie mit Amoxicillin und Clavulansäure betrifft vorrangig cholestatische Enzyme und kommt bis zu sechs Wochen nach Therapie vor, während bei Clozapin Bilirubin und alkalische Phosphatase eher nicht betroffen sind. Die Hepatotoxizität von Trichlorethylen tritt unmittelbar nach der Ingestion auf. Durch diese differentialdiagnostischen Überlegungen und den Nachweis einer Cholezysto- und Choledocholithiasis konnte somit eine Ursache gefunden und die Indikation zur Operation beziehungsweise ERCP gestellt werden.
Synphilin-1A: An aggregation-prone isoform of synphilin-1 that causes neuronal death and is present in aggregates from α-synucleinopathy patients
Authors: Eyal Allon , Szargel Raymonde , Avraham Eyal , Liani Esti , Haskin Joseph , Rott Ruth , Engelender Simone
Published: April 2006

α-Synucleinopathies are a group of neurological disorders characterized by the presence of intracellular inclusion bodies containing α-synuclein. We previously demonstrated that synphilin-1 interacts with α-synuclein, implying a role in Parkinson’s disease. We now report the identification and characterization of synphilin-1A, an isoform of synphilin-1, which has enhanced aggregatory properties and causes neurotoxicity. The two transcripts encoding synphilin-1A and synphilin-1 originate from the
SNCAIP
gene but differ in both their exon organization and initial reading frames used for translation. Synphilin-1A binds to α-synuclein and induces the formation of intracellular aggregates in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, primary neuronal cultures, and human dopaminergic cells. Overexpression of synphilin-1A in neurons results in striking cellular toxicity that is attenuated by the formation of synphilin-1A inclusions, which recruit α-synuclein. Synphilin-1A is present in Lewy bodies of patients with Parkinson’s disease and Diffuse Lewy Body disease, and is observed in detergent-insoluble fractions of brain protein samples obtained from Diffuse Lewy Body disease patients. These findings suggest that synphilin-1A may contribute to neuronal degeneration in α-synucleinopathies and also provide important insights into the role of inclusion bodies in neurodegenerative disorders.
A neurosphere-derived factor, cystatin C, supports differentiation of ES cells into neural stem cells
Authors: Kato Takeo , Heike Toshio , Okawa Katsuya , Haruyama Munetada , Shiraishi Kazuhiro , Yoshimoto Momoko , Nagato Masako , Shibata Minoru , Kumada Tomohiro , Yamanaka Yasunari , Hattori Haruo , Nakahata Tatsutoshi
Published: April 2006

Although embryonic stem (ES) cells are capable of unlimited proliferation and pluripotent differentiation, effective preparation of neural stem cells from ES cells are not achieved. Here, we have directly generated under the coculture with dissociated primary neurosphere cells in serum-free medium and the same effect was observed when ES cells were cultured with conditioned medium of primary neurosphere culture (CMPNC). ES-neural stem cells (NSCs) could proliferate for more than seven times and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes
in vitro
and
in vivo
. The responsible molecule in CMPNC was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which turned out to be cystatin C. Purified cystatin C in place of the CMPNC could generate ES-NSCs efficiently with self-renewal and multidifferentiation potentials. These results reveal the validity of cystatin C for generating NSCs from ES cells.
Cardiac-specific elevations in thyroid hormone enhance contractility and prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Trivieri Maria Giovanna , Oudit Gavin Y. , Sah Rajan , Kerfant Benoit-Gilles , Sun Hui , O. Gramolini Anthony , Pan Yan , Wickenden Alan D. , Croteau Walburga , Morreale de Escobar Gabriella , Pekhletski Roman , St. Germain Donald , MacLennan David H. , Backx Peter H.
Published: April 2006

Thyroid hormone (TH) is critical for cardiac development and heart function. In heart disease, TH metabolism is abnormal, and many biochemical and functional alterations mirror hypothyroidism. Although TH therapy has been advocated for treating heart disease, a clear benefit of TH has yet to be established, possibly because of peripheral actions of TH. To assess the potential efficacy of TH in treating heart disease, type 2 deiodinase (D2), which converts the prohormone thyroxine to active triiodothyronine (T3), was expressed transiently in mouse hearts by using the tetracycline transactivator system. Increased cardiac D2 activity led to elevated cardiac T3 levels and to enhanced myocardial contractility, accompanied by increased Ca
2+
transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca
2+
uptake. These phenotypic changes were associated with up-regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) 2a expression as well as decreased Na
+
/Ca
2+
exchanger, β-myosin heavy chain, and sarcolipin (SLN) expression. In pressure overload, targeted increases in D2 activity could not block hypertrophy but could completely prevent impaired contractility and SR Ca
2+
cycling as well as altered expression patterns of SERCA2a, SLN, and other markers of pathological hypertrophy. Our results establish that elevated D2 activity in the heart increases T3 levels and enhances cardiac contractile function while preventing deterioration of cardiac function and altered gene expression after pressure overload.
Directed evolution to probe protein allostery and integrin I domains of 200,000-fold higher affinity
Authors: Jin Moonsoo , Song Gang , Carman Christopher V. , Kim Yong-Sung , Astrof Nathan S. , Shimaoka Motomu , Wittrup Dane K. , Springer Timothy A.
Published: April 2006

Understanding allostery may serve to both elucidate mechanisms of protein regulation and provide a basis for engineering active mutants. Herein we describe directed evolution applied to the integrin αLinserted domain for studying allostery by using a yeast surface display system. Many hot spots for activation are identified, and some single mutants exhibit remarkable increases of 10,000-fold in affinity for a physiological ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The location of activating mutations traces out an allosteric interface in the interior of the inserted domain that connects the ligand binding site to the α7-helix, which communicates allostery to neighboring domains in intact integrins. The combination of two activating mutations (F265S/F292G) leads to an increase of 200,000-fold in affinity to intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The F265S/F292G mutant is potent in antagonizing lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1-dependent lymphocyte adhesion, aggregation, and transmigration.
Defined culture conditions of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Lu Jean , Hou Runhua , Booth Carmen Jane , Yang Shih-Hung , Snyder Michael
Published: April 2006

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent cells that have the potential to differentiate into any tissue in the human body; therefore, they are a valuable resource for regenerative medicine, drug screening, and developmental studies. However, the clinical application of hESCs is hampered by the difficulties of eliminating animal products in the culture medium and/or the complexity of conditions required to support hESC growth. We have developed a simple medium [termed hESC Cocktail (HESCO)] containing basic fibroblast growth factor, Wnt3a, April (a proliferation-inducing ligand)/BAFF (B cell-activating factor belonging to TNF), albumin, cholesterol, insulin, and transferrin, which is sufficient for hESC self-renewal and proliferation. Cells grown in HESCO were maintained in an undifferentiated state as determined by using six different stem cell markers, and their genomic integrity was confirmed by karyotyping. Cells cultured in HESCO readily form embryoid bodies in tissue culture and teratomas in mice. In both cases, the cells differentiated into each of the three cell lineages, ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, indicating that they maintained their pluripotency. The use of a minimal medium sufficient for hESC growth is expected to greatly facilitate clinical application and developmental studies of hESCs.
Effective similarity measures for expression profiles
Authors: Yona Golan , Dirks William , Rahman Shafquat , Lin David M.
Published: April 2006

It is commonly accepted that genes with similar expression profiles are functionally related. However, there are many ways one can measure the similarity of expression profiles, and it is not clear a priori what is the most effective one. Moreover, so far no clear distinction has been made as for the type of the functional link between genes as suggested by microarray data. Similarly expressed genes can be part of the same complex as interacting partners; they can participate in the same pathway without interacting directly; they can perform similar functions; or they can simply have similar regulatory sequences.

Here we conduct a study of the notion of functional link as implied from expression data. We analyze different similarity measures of gene expression profiles and assess their usefulness and robustness in detecting biological relationships by comparing the similarity scores with results obtained from databases of interacting proteins, promoter signals and cellular pathways, as well as through sequence comparisons. We also introduce variations on similarity measures that are based on statistical analysis and better discriminate genes which are functionally nearby and faraway.

Our tools can be used to assess other similarity measures for expression profiles, and are accessible at

Contact:  golan@cs.technion.ac.il

Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Subcritical Hopf bifurcations in a car-following model with reaction-time delay
Authors: Orosz Gábor , Stépán Gábor
Published: April 2006

A nonlinear car-following model of highway traffic is considered, which includes the reaction-time delay of drivers. Linear stability analysis shows that the uniform flow equilibrium of the system loses its stability via Hopf bifurcations and thus oscillations can appear. The stability and amplitudes of the oscillations are determined with the help of normal-form calculations of the Hopf bifurcation that also handles the essential translational symmetry of the system. We show that the subcritical case of the Hopf bifurcation occurs robustly, which indicates the possibility of bistability. We also show how these oscillations lead to spatial wave formation as can be observed in real-world traffic flows.
Electromagnetic fields in the presence of an infinite dielectric wedge
Authors: Salem Mohamed A , Kamel Aladin H , Osipov Andrey V
Published: April 2006

Electromagnetic fields excited by a line source in the presence of an infinite dielectric wedge with refractive index
N
are determined by application of the Kontorovich–Lebedev transform. Singular integral equations for spectral functions are solved by perturbation procedure, and the solution is obtained in the form of a Neumann series in powers of

. The devised numerical scheme permits evaluation of the higher-order terms and, thus, extends the perturbation solution to values of
N
not necessarily close to unity. Asymptotic approximations for the near and far fields inside and outside the dielectric wedge are derived. The combination of the Neumann-type expansion of the transform functions with the representation of the field as a Bessel function series extends solutions derived with the Kontorovich–Lebedev method to the case of real-valued wavenumbers and arbitrarily positioned source and observer. Numerical results showing the influence of wedges with various values of dielectric and magnetic constants on the directivity of a line source are presented and verified through finite-difference frequency-domain simulations.
Visually mediated species and neighbour recognition in fiddler crabs (Uca mjoebergiandUca capricornis)
Authors: Detto Tanya , Backwell Patricia R.Y , Hemmi Jan M , Zeil Jochen
Published: April 2006

Mating signals are often directed at numerous senses and provide information about species identity, gender, receptiveness, individual identity and mate quality. Given the diversity of colourful body patterns in invertebrates, surprisingly few studies have examined the role of these visual signals in mate recognition. Here, we demonstrate the use of claw coloration as a species recognition signal in a fiddler crab (Uca mjoebergi). Furthermore, we show that distinct carapace colour patterns inUca capricornisenable males to discriminate between their female neighbours and unfamiliar females. This is the first empirical evidence of the social importance of colour markings in fiddler crabs and the first example of visually mediated species and neighbour recognition in invertebrates other than insects.
Mitochondrial diversity in European and Chinese pigs is consistent with population expansions that occurred prior to domestication
Authors: Fang Meiying , Andersson Leif
Published: April 2006

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity in European and Asian pigs was assessed using 1536 samples representing 45 European and 21 Chinese breeds. Diagnostic nucleotide differences in the cytochromeb(Cytb) gene between the European and Asian mtDNA variants were determined by pyrosequencing as a rapid screening method. Subsequently, 637 bp of the hypervariable control region was sequenced to further characterize mtDNA diversity. All sequences belonged to the D1 and D2 clusters of pig mtDNA originating from ancestral wild boar populations in Europe and Asia, respectively. The average frequency of Asian mtDNA haplotypes was 29% across European breeds, but varied from 0 to 100% within individual breeds. A neighbour-joining (NJ) tree of control region sequences showed that European and Asian haplotypes form distinct clusters consistent with the independent domestication of pigs in Asia and Europe. The Asian haplotypes found in the European pigs were identical or closely related to those found in domestic pigs from Southeast China. The star-like pattern detected by network analysis for both the European and Asian haplotypes was consistent with a previous demographic expansion. Mismatch analysis supported this notion and suggested that the expansion was initiated before domestication.
tert-Butyl 3-endo-3-hydroxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate
Authors: Chen Shuang-Wei , Xu Cai-Hong , Zheng Guo-Rong , Jin Xu-Hu
Published: April 2006

The title compound, C12H21NO3, is an important intermediate for new dopamine transporter inhibitors. The six-membered ring of the azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane system adopts a chair conformation with the hydroxyl group axial. The fused five-membered ring is in an envelope conformation.
(meso-5,7,7,12,14,14-Hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)nickel(II) tetrachlorocuprate(II)
Authors: Wei Zai-Shan , Yu Guang-Ming
Published: April 2006

In the title compound, [Ni(C16H36N4)][CuCl4], the cation is centrosymmetric and the anion lies on a twofold rotation axis. The cation and anion are linked by weak N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds to form neutral supramolecular zigzag chains.
Ethyl 4-{5-[1-(hydroxymethyl)ethylaminocarbonyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl}-7-methoxy-3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylate
Authors: Qi Xiu-Xiang , Suo Ji-Shuan , Wang Li-Min , Guo Xiao-He , Cheng Sen-Xiang
Published: April 2006

In the title compound, C23H25NO10, the five-membered rings adopt envelope conformations and the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 67.1 (7)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular N—H...O and intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen-bond interactions.
Aqua(2-chloronicotinato)triphenyltin(IV)
Authors: Xu Hao-Long , Yin Han-Dong , Li Gang
Published: April 2006

The title complex, [Sn(C6H5)3(C6H3ClNO2)(H2O)], is five-coordinate with a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry in the solid state. The O atom of the carboxylate group occupies one of the axial sites and the O atom of the water molecule occupies the other. Water H atoms are involved in an intermolecular hydrogen-bonded network with the uncoordinated carboxylate O atom and the pyridine N atom; the interactions lead to two types of rings.
catena-Poly[[triphenyltin(IV)]-μ-6-oxo1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylato]
Authors: Gao Zhong-Jun , Yin Han-Dong , Li Gang , Wang Da-Qi
Published: April 2006

The title compound, [Sn(C6H5)3(C6H4NO3)], possesses an infinite chain structure. The SnO2C3 centre has distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry with the O atoms in the apical positions. A strong intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond results in the formation of double chains.
Tetraaquabis[4-(4-pyridyl)benzoato-κN]manganese(II)
Authors: Zeng Ming-Hua , Wu Mei-Chun , Ng Seik Weng
Published: April 2006

The Mn atom in the title compound, [Mn(C12H8NO2)2(H2O)4], lies on a centre of inversion in an all-trans-N2O4Mn octahedron; as the 4-(4-pyridyl)benzoate ligands bind to Mn through the pyridyl N atom, the compound is formally a zwitterion. Hydrogen bonds link adjacent zwitterions into a three-dimensional network.
3-[(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazonomethyl]phenol dimethylformamide solvate
Authors: Jing Zuo-Liang , Sun Jia-Cui , Chen Xin , Ming Yu
Published: April 2006

In the title compound, C13H10N4O5·C3H7NO, the Schiff base is approximately planar. Molecules are connected via weak intermolecular O—H...O, N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds.
2-Methylquinolinium 2,4-dinitrobenzoate
Authors: Rosli Mohd Mustaqim , Fun Hoong-Kun , Razak Ibrahim Abdul , Rodwatcharapiban Pinanong , Chantrapromma Suchada
Published: April 2006

In the title salt, C10H10N+·C7H3N2O6
−, in addition to electrostatic interactions, the quinaldinium and 2,4-dinitrobenzoate ions are linked by N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional molecular network. The quinaldinium cations are stacked along the a axis with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.4662 (7) Å, indicating π–π interactions.
(R)-2-Ferrocenyl-4-hydroxymethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole
Authors: Todd Matthew H. , Motevalli Majid , El-Fayyoumy Shaimaa , Richards Chris
Published: April 2006

The title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C9H10NO2)], was prepared from ferrocenecarboxylic acid and serine. In the crystal structure, molecules are arranged in chains with an intermolecular hydrogen bond between hydroxy groups and N atoms.
3-Methyl-5-nitrouracil
Authors: Wagner Paweł , Kubicki Maciej
Published: April 2006

The molecules of the title compound, C5H5N3O4, are approximately planar. The nitro group makes a dihedral angle of 1.3 (4)° with the plane of the six-membered ring. This coplanar disposition is a reason for the changes in valence angles in the vicinity of the nitro group. Molecules are connected into dimers by means of N—H...O hydrogen bonds, and these dimers make larger structures with the help of relatively short C—H...O hydrogen bonds.
catena-Poly[[methanoltrinitratothallium(III)]-μ-4,4′-bipyridine N,N′-dioxide]
Authors: Moitsheki Lesego J. , Bourne Susan A. , Nassimbeni Luigi R.
Published: April 2006

The title compound, [Tl(NO3)3(C10H8N2O2)(CH4O)]
n
, has a one-dimensional zigzag chain with nitrate and methanol ligands disordered over two positions.
5-Methyl-2-morpholino-3-p-tolyl-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-2-benzothieno[2′,3′:6,5]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
Authors: Chen He-Lian , He Hong-Wu
Published: April 2006

In the title compound, C25H26N4O2S, the central tricyclic system is essentially planar. The crystal stacking is governed mainly due to π–π interactions.
1-Hydroxy-2,5-bis(triisopropylsilyl)silole
Authors: Bolte Michael , Urschel Birgit , Müller Thomas
Published: April 2006

The silole ring of the title compound, C22H46OSi3, is planar. Geometric parameters do not show unusual values. The H atom and the hydroxy group on the silole Si atom are mutually disordered.
2,3-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Authors: Chantrapromma Suchada , Boonsri Sompong , Fun Hoong-Kun , Anjum Shazia , Kanjana-opas Akkharawit
Published: April 2006

The title compound, also known as intricatinol, C17H14O5, is a homoisoflavanoid that was isolated for the first time from the twigs and stems of Caesalpinia digyna Rottler. The pyran ring is in an envelope form. O—H...O intramolecular hydrogen bonds are observed. Symmetry-related molecules are linked via O—H...O intermolecular interactions to form infinite one-dimensional chains. These chains are interconnected to form a three-dimensional molecular network.
Ethyl 5-bromo-9-ethoxy-2-oxo-2H-pyrano[2,3-g]quinoline-8-carboxylate
Authors: Oliveira César D. de , Romeiro Gilberto A. , Skakle Janet M. S. , Wardell James L. , Wardell Solange M. S. V.
Published: April 2006

The title compound, C17H14BrNO5, was studied as part of a study on the biological properties of pyranoquinoline derivatives. Alkylation of the parent pyranoquinoline was shown to have occurred at the carbonyl rather than the amino site. The molecules are linked by a C—H...O hydrogen bond forming C(5) chains along [001].
2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl methanesulfonate
Authors: Chen Chao-Nan
Published: April 2006

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C7H6ClFO3S, molecules form a supramolecular structure via intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions.
A cocrystal of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one and (E)-3-(3-chloro-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (0.92/0.08)
Authors: Ng Shea-Lin , Patil P. S. , Razak Ibrahim Abdul , Fun Hoong-Kun , Dharmaprakash S. M.
Published: April 2006

In the title compound, 0.92C19H20O5·0.08C18H17ClO4, C—H...O and C—H...π interactions link the molecules into a three-dimensional network.
Uranium and aluminium order–disorder in U1−x
Pt2Al7−6x
[x = 0.33 (1)]
Authors: Bobev Svilen , Bauer Eric D. , Sarrao John L.
Published: April 2006

The new ternary title compound, uranium diplatinum pentaaluminium, has been synthesized from a reaction of the corresponding elements at 1273 K. It crystallizes in the rare hexagonal Ce2Pt6Ga15 structure type, where one-third of the U atoms are randomly replaced by triangles of Al atoms. Possible ordered models in hexagonal and ortho-hexagonal supercells were tried without success. All the atoms occupy special positions: U (\=6m2), Pt (3m.), and Al (mm2, 3m. and 3m.).
N,N′,N′′-Tricyclohexylguanidinium chloride
Authors: Cai Xiao-Qing , Hu Mao-Lin
Published: April 2006

In the title crystal structure, C19H36N3
+·Cl−, the central C atom of the N,N′,N′′-tricyclohexylguanidinium ion and the chloride ion both lie on positions of site symmetry 3. Weak N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds [N...Cl = 3.539 (3) Å] link anions and cations, forming a three-dimensional network.
1-Benzoyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)thiourea
Authors: Khawar Rauf M. , Badshah Amin , Flörke Ulrich , Saeed Aamer , Adeel Saeed M.
Published: April 2006

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H10Cl2N2OS, contains two independent molecules with slightly different conformations with respect to the aromatic ring planes. The two independent molecules form dimers via intermolecular N—H...S hydrogen bonds; the dimers are stacked along [100].
Dichloro(2,5-diphenyl-3,4-di-2-pyridylcyclopenta-2,4-dienone)cobalt(II)
Authors: Khalaji Aliakbar Dehno , Amirnasr Mehdi , Daran Jean-Claude
Published: April 2006

In the molecule of the title complex, [CoCl2(C27H18N2O)], the coordination polyhedron about the cobalt(II) center is best described as a distorted tetrahedron. Weak intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions link the molecules, forming infinite chains.
Ho0.76In1.68Mo15Se19
Authors: Salloum D. , Gougeon P. , Potel M.
Published: April 2006

The structure of holmium indium molybdenum selenide, Ho0.76In1.68Mo15Se19, isotypic with In2.9Mo15Se19 [Grüttner, Yvon, Chevrel, Potel, Sergent & Seeber (1979). Acta Cryst. B35, 285–292], is characterized by two cluster units Mo6Se
i

8Se
a

6 and Mo9Se
i

11Se
a

6 (where i = inner and a = apical) that are present in a 1:1 ratio. The cluster units are centered at Wyckoff positions 2b and 2c and have point-group symmetry \overline{3} and \overline{6}, respectively. The clusters are interconnected through additional Mo—Se bonds. In the title compound, Ho3+ cations replace the trivalent indium observed in In2.9Mo15Se19, and a deficiency is observed on the monovalent indium site.
(−)-Menthyl (S
P,R
S)-(2-p-tolylsulfinylethyl)phenylphosphinate
Authors: Osiński Piotr W. , Saadi Jakub , Ricken Stefan , Schürmann Markus , Preut Hans , Pietrusiewicz Michal , Eilbracht Peter
Published: April 2006

The title compound, C25H35O3PS, is a chiral phosphinate containing five stereogenic centers, one at the P atom, one at the S atom and three in the (−)-menthyl group. The crystal packing reveals that molecules are linked into chains along the a axis by intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions.
The dipolar cycloaddition of methyl acrylate to 1,5,6-trimethyl-3-oxidopyrazinium
Authors: Helliwell Madeleine , You Yun , Joule John A.
Published: April 2006

5,6-Dimethylpyrazin-2-one reacts with iodomethane to give a quaternary salt, deprotonation of which liberates a 3-oxidopyrazinium which undergoes a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with methyl acrylate to form methyl 5,8-dimethyl-4-methylene-2-oxo-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-exo-carboxylate, C11H16N2O3, as the major product.
1,2,3,5a,6,11,12,14a-Octahydro-9-methoxy-12-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-5H,14H-pyrrolo[1′′,2′′:4′,5′]pyrazino[1′,2′:1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indole-5,14-dione
Authors: Wang Feng-Wu , Jiao Rui-Hua , Tan Ren-Xiang , Zhu Hai-Liang , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: April 2006

The title compound, C22H25N3O3, also known as fumitremorgine C, was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium sp. To a first approximation, the molecule is flat with the exception of the –C(H)=CMe2 side arm, which is perpendicular to the remaining atoms. Molecules associate into one-dimensional chains via N—H...O and C—H...O interactions involving both carbonyl O atoms.
3-n-Butyl-2-methoxy-1-benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
Authors: Cao Min-Hui , Xu Sheng-Zhen , Hu Yang-Gen
Published: April 2006

The title compound, C15H16N2O2S, contains a five-membered thiophene ring fused to a benzene ring and a substituted pyrimidinone ring. All three rings in each of the independent molecules of the asymmetric unit lie in approximately the same plane. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions.
3-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-(2-thienyl)propanamine
Authors: Tao Min-Li , Li Ai-Jun , Wang Jian , Ma Jing , Liu Dong-Zhi
Published: April 2006

The title compound, C9H15NOS, was prepared by the reduction of 2-thienyl 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ketone hydrochloride with sodium borohydride. In the crystal structure, O—H...N hydrogen bonds link pairs of molecules into centrosymmetric dimers.
Dibromo{2-[3-(methylamino)propyliminomethyl]phenolato}zinc(II)
Authors: Qiu Xiao-Yang
Published: April 2006

The title compound, [ZnBr2(C11H16N2O)], is a mononuclear Schiff base zinc(II) complex. The ZnII atom is four-coordinated by one phenolate O and one imine N atom of the Schiff base ligand, and by two bromide anions, forming a tetrahedral coordination. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked through intermolecular N—H...O and N—H...Br hydrogen bonds, forming sheets parallel to the ab plane.
Diethyl 2,3-bis(4-methoxybenzoyl)succinate
Authors: Liu Hong-Xia , Wang Zhi-Guo , Wu An-Xin
Published: April 2006

The title molecule, C24H26O8, has approximate twofold rotation symmetry and the crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H...π interactions.
[Bis(3-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazolyl)borato-κ2
S,S′]dibromoindium(III)
Authors: Hill Sarah C. , Jones Daniel S. , Rabinovich Daniel
Published: April 2006

The structure of the title compound, [InBr2(C8H12N4BS2)], the first bis(mercaptoimidazolyl)borate (BmMe) complex of indium to be structurally characterized, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The four-coordinate In atom displays a distorted tetrahedral geometry in the solid state and is surrounded by the two thione groups of a BmMe ligand and two bromides, with an average In—Br bond distance of 2.494 Å. The presence of a crystallographically imposed mirror plane results in the observation of a unique In—S bond length of 2.4407 (11) Å.
(S)-2-(2-Chloroquinolin-3-yl)-2-[(S)-α-methylbenzylamino]acetonitrile
Authors: Belfaitah Ali , Ladraa Souheila , Bouraiou Abdelmalek , Benali-Cherif Nourredine , Debache Abdelmadjid , Rhouati Salah
Published: April 2006

The title compound, C19H16ClN3, crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The structure is stabilized by C—H...N, N—H...N and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds.
Diquino[3,4-b;4′,3′-e][1,4]dithiine
Authors: Besnard Céline , Kloc Christian , Siegrist Theo , Svensson Christer , Pluta Krystian
Published: April 2006

In the title compound, C18H10N2S2, a crystallographic mirror plane passes through the two S atoms. The pentacyclic ring system is folded along the S—S vector and the central dithiine ring adopts a boat conformation.
4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-6-phenyl-2-p-tolyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-selenazine
Authors: Koketsu Mamoru , Ebihara Masahiro , Ishihara Hideharu
Published: April 2006

In the title crystal structure, C18H19NOSe, there are two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Pairs of molecules are linked into a centrosymmetric dimer via intermolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds [O...N = 2.872 (2) and 2.893 (2) Å].
(1,4:8,11:15,18:22,25-Tetraethanotetrabenzo[b,g,l,q]porphyrinato)nickel(II) chloroform disolvate
Authors: Xu Hai-Yun , Qin Xia , Li Yi-Zhi , Ono Noboru , Shen Zhen
Published: April 2006

In the title compound, [Ni(C44H36N4)]·2CHCl3, the porphyrin macrocycle adopts a ruffle conformation. The NiII atom is coordinated by four N atoms of the porphyrin in a slightly distorted square-planar geometry. The bicyclic groups show disorder of the single and double bonds. The porphyrin planes form two columnar arrays along the b-axis direction through π–π stacking interactions.
1,1′-Ethylenebis(4-aminopyridinium) dibromide
Authors: Liu Yan-Min , Liu Chun-Yan , Meng Ai-Guo
Published: April 2006

In the title compound, C12H16N4
2+·2Br−, the molecule has a centre of symmetry at the mid-point of the central C—C bond and a mirror plane passes through the amino N atom, the attached C atom, the ring N atom, and the linking chain C atom; the Br anion lies on a position of site symmetry m. The two pyridyl rings are parallel to each other.
(3RS,4RS,4aSR,7SR,9aRS)-7-tert-Butyl-9a-methyl-5,5-dioxo-3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydro-8-oxa-5λ6-thiabenzocycloheptan-9-one
Authors: Zeller Matthias , Hunter Allen D. , Sampson Paul , Chumachenko Nataliya
Published: April 2006

The sterochemistry of the title epoxide, C14H22O5S, has been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound exhibits an unusually short intermolecular C—H...O contact of 2.30 Å between the epoxide O atom and the epoxide C—H unit of a neighbouring molecule.
1-[(E)-Butadienylsulfonyl]-3,3-dimethylbut-2-yl methacrylate
Authors: Zeller Matthias , Hunter Allen D. , Sampson Paul , Chumachenko Nataliya
Published: April 2006

The title compound, C14H22O4S, was synthesized as a precursor for intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions. The (E)-buta-1,3-dienyl and methacrylate ester systems adopt an s–trans conformation in the solid state, with the two π units in both cases being almost coplanar.