bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circular Economy and Economic Development in the European Union: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Martinho Vítor Domingues , Mourão Paulo Reis
Published: September 2020

Increased changes in the climate and ecosystems call for a sustainable economic development, where economic growth should be compatible with the environment goals. In order to do this, it is urgent to find new ways of life and new production systems that make our ecological footprint compatible with global sustainability. The concept of the circular economy has brought relevant contributions to this problem. The central objective of the study presented here is to highlight the main insights presented through scientific literature about the concept of the circular economy within the European Union. In practice, the intention is to show what has already been done about this topic and what can/should be implemented in the future. To achieve these objectives, 144 articles were considered from the Web of Science (Core Collection) for the topics “circular economy” and “European Union”. These documents were, firstly, analysed through a proper literature review and later explored through bibliometric analysis, considering bibliographic data and the VOSviewer software. As the main findings have revealed, the increased importance of this concept within the European Union is recognized. However, this paper also identifies several challenges in the literature, namely the concentration of the identified publications in certain countries, organizations, and authors.
Users’ Experiences with the Use of Transaction Data to Estimate Consumption-Based Emissions in a Carbon Calculator
Authors: Barendregt Wolmet , Biørn-Hansen Aksel , Andersson David
Published: September 2020

With global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ever increasing, we are currently seeing a renewed interest in carbon footprint calculators (or carbon calculators for short). While carbon calculators have traditionally calculated emissions based on user input about e.g., food, heating, and traveling, a new development in this area is the use of transaction data to also estimate emissions based on consumption. Such carbon calculators should be able to provide users with more accurate estimations, easier input possibilities, and an incentive to continue using them. In this paper, we present the results from a survey sent to the users of such a novel carbon calculator, called Svalna. Svalna offers users the possibility to connect their bank account. The transaction data are then coupled with Environmental Extended Multi Regional Input Output data (EE-MRIO) for Swedish conditions which are used to determine a continuous overview of the user’s greenhouse gas emissions from consumption. The aim of the survey was to (a) understand whether people are willing to connect their bank account, (b) whether they trust the calculations of their emissions, and (c) whether they think the use of Svalna has an effect on their behaviour. Furthermore, we wanted to know how Svalna could be improved. While the results of the survey showed that many users were willing to connect their bank account, a rather large part of the users perceived safety risks in doing so. The users also showed an only average level of trust in the correctness of the estimated greenhouse gas emissions. A lack of trust was attributed to experiencing technical problems but also to not knowing how the emissions were calculated and because the calculator could not capture all details of the user’s life. However, many users still indicated that the use of Svalna had helped them to initiate action to reduce their emissions. In order to improve Svalna, the users wanted to be able to provide more details, e.g., by scanning receipts and get better options for dealing with a shared economy. We conclude this paper by discussing some opportunities and challenges for the use of transaction data in carbon footprint calculators.
Parallel Hybrid Testing Techniques for the Dual-Programming Models-Based Programs
Authors: Alghamdi Ahmed Mohammed , Eassa Fathy Elbouraey , Khamakhem Maher Ali , AL-Ghamdi Abdullah Saad AL-Malaise , Alfakeeh Ahmed S. , Alshahrani Abdullah S. , Alarood Ala A.
Published: September 2020

The importance of high-performance computing is increasing, and Exascale systems will be feasible in a few years. These systems can be achieved by enhancing the hardware’s ability as well as the parallelism in the application by integrating more than one programming model. One of the dual-programming model combinations is Message Passing Interface (MPI) + OpenACC, which has several features including increased system parallelism, support for different platforms with more performance, better productivity, and less programming effort. Several testing tools target parallel applications built by using programming models, but more effort is needed, especially for high-level Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-related programming models. Owing to the integration of different programming models, errors will be more frequent and unpredictable. Testing techniques are required to detect these errors, especially runtime errors resulting from the integration of MPI and OpenACC; studying their behavior is also important, especially some OpenACC runtime errors that cannot be detected by any compiler. In this paper, we enhance the capabilities of ACC_TEST to test the programs built by using the dual-programming models MPI + OpenACC and detect their related errors. Our tool integrated both static and dynamic testing techniques to create ACC_TEST and allowed us to benefit from the advantages of both techniques reducing overheads, enhancing system execution time, and covering a wide range of errors. Finally, ACC_TEST is a parallel testing tool that creates testing threads based on the number of application threads for detecting runtime errors.
Wire Tool Electrode Behavior and Wear under Discharge Pulses
Authors: Grigoriev Sergey N. , Volosova Marina A. , Okunkova Anna A. , Fedorov Sergey V. , Hamdy Khaled , Podrabinnik Pavel A. , Pivkin Petr M. , Kozochkin Mikhail P. , Porvatov Artur N.
Published: September 2020

This work is devoted to researching the tool electrode behavior and wear under discharge pulses at electrical discharge machining. The experiments were conducted on the workpieces of 12Kh18N10T (AISI 321) chrome-nickel anti-corrosion steel and D16 (AA 2024) duralumin by a 0.25-mm-diameter CuZn35 brass tool in a deionized water medium. The developed diagnostic and monitoring mean based on acoustic emission registered the oscillations accompanying machining at 4–8 kHz. The obtained workpiece and non-profiled tool surfaces were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Calculated volumetric and mass removal rates showed the difference in the character of wear at roughing and finishing. It was shown that interaction between material components in anti-corrosion steel machining had an explosive character between Zn of brass and Ni of steel at a micron level and formed multiple craters of 30–100 µm. The secondary structure and topology of worn tool surfaces were caused by material sublimation, chemical interaction between material components at high heat (10,000 °C), explosive deposition of the secondary structure. Acoustic diagnostics adequately registered the character of interaction. The observed phenomena at the submicron level and microstructure of the obtained surfaces provide grounding on the nature of material interactions and electrical erosion wear fundamentals.
The Role of Escherichia coli Shiga Toxins in STEC Colonization of Cattle
Authors: Menge Christian
Published: September 2020

Many cattle are persistently colonized with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and represent a major source of human infections with human-pathogenic STEC strains (syn. enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)). Intervention strategies most effectively protecting humans best aim at the limitation of bovine STEC shedding. Mechanisms enabling STEC to persist in cattle are only partialy understood. Cattle were long believed to resist the detrimental effects of Shiga toxins (Stxs), potent cytotoxins acting as principal virulence factors in the pathogenesis of human EHEC-associated diseases. However, work by different groups, summarized in this review, has provided substantial evidence that different types of target cells for Stxs exist in cattle. Peripheral and intestinal lymphocytes express the Stx receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3syn. CD77) in vitro and in vivo in an activation-dependent fashion with Stx-binding isoforms expressed predominantly at early stages of the activation process. Subpopulations of colonic epithelial cells and macrophage-like cells, residing in the bovine mucosa in proximity to STEC colonies, are also targeted by Stxs. STEC-inoculated calves are depressed in mounting appropriate cellular immune responses which can be overcome by vaccination of the animals against Stxs early in life before encountering STEC. Considering Stx target cells and the resulting effects of Stxs in cattle, which significantly differ from effects implicated in human disease, may open promising opportunities to improve existing yet insufficient measures to limit STEC carriage and shedding by the principal reservoir host.
Metagenomic Insights into the Sewage RNA Virosphere of a Large City
Authors: Guajardo-Leiva Sergio , Chnaiderman Jonás , Gaggero Aldo , Díez Beatriz
Published: September 2020

Sewage-associated viruses can cause several human and animal diseases, such as gastroenteritis, hepatitis, and respiratory infections. Therefore, their detection in wastewater can reflect current infections within the source population. To date, no viral study has been performed using the sewage of any large South American city. In this study, we used viral metagenomics to obtain a single sample snapshot of the RNA virosphere in the wastewater from Santiago de Chile, the seventh largest city in the Americas. Despite the overrepresentation of dsRNA viruses, our results show that Santiago’s sewage RNA virosphere was composed mostly of unknown sequences (88%), while known viral sequences were dominated by viruses that infect bacteria (60%), invertebrates (37%) and humans (2.4%). Interestingly, we discovered three novel genogroups within the Picobirnaviridae family that can fill major gaps in this taxa’s evolutionary history. We also demonstrated the dominance of emerging Rotavirus genotypes, such as G8 and G6, that have displaced other classical genotypes, which is consistent with recent clinical reports. This study supports the usefulness of sewage viral metagenomics for public health surveillance. Moreover, it demonstrates the need to monitor the viral component during the wastewater treatment and recycling process, where this virome can constitute a reservoir of human pathogens.
Numerical Assessment of Polynomial Nonlinear State-Space and Nonlinear-Mode Models for Near-Resonant Vibrations
Authors: Balaji Nidish Narayanaa , Lian Shuqing , Scheel Maren , Brake Matthew R. W. , Tiso Paolo , Noël Jean-Philippe , Krack Malte
Published: September 2020

In the present article, we follow up our recent work on the experimental assessment of two data-driven nonlinear system identification methodologies. The first methodology constructs a single nonlinear-mode model from periodic vibration data obtained under phase-controlled harmonic excitation. The second methodology constructs a state-space model with polynomial nonlinear terms from vibration data obtained under uncontrolled broadband random excitation. The conclusions drawn from our previous work (experimental) were limited by uncertainties inherent to the specimen, instrumentation, and signal processing. To avoid these uncertainties in the present work, we pursued a completely numerical approach based on synthetic measurement data obtained from simulated experiments. Three benchmarks are considered, which feature geometric, unilateral contact, and dry friction nonlinearity, respectively. As in our previous work, we assessed the prediction accuracy of the identified models with a focus on the regime near a particular resonance. This way, we confirmed our findings on the strengths and weaknesses of the two methodologies and derive several new findings: First, the state-space method struggles even for polynomial nonlinearities if the training data is chaotic. Second, the polynomial state-space models can reach high accuracy only in a rather limited range of vibration levels for systems with non-polynomial nonlinearities. Such cases demonstrate the sensitivity to training data inherent in the method, as model errors are inevitable here. Third, although the excitation does not perfectly isolate the nonlinear mode (exciter-structure interaction, uncontrolled higher harmonics, local instead of distributed excitation), the modal properties are identified with high accuracy.
Enhanced Removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern through Hydraulic Adjustments in Soil Aquifer Treatment
Authors: Sallwey Jana , Jurado Anna , Barquero Felix , Fahl Jens
Published: September 2020

Water reclamation through the use of soil aquifer treatment (SAT) is a sustainable water management technique with high potential for application in many regions worldwide. However, the fate of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) during the infiltration of treated wastewater during SAT is still a matter of research. This study investigates the removal capacity of 27 CECs during SAT by means of infiltration experiments into a 6 m soil column. Additionally, the influence of the hydraulic operation of SAT systems on the removal of CECs is investigated by changing the wetting and drying cycle lengths. Sixteen out of 27 CECs are efficiently removed during SAT under various operational modes, e.g., bezafibrate, diclofenac and valsartan. For six substances (4-methylbenzotriazole, amidotrizoic acid, benzotriazole, candesartan, hydrochlorothiazide and sulfamethoxazole), removal increased with longer drying times. Removal of amidotrizoic acid and benzotriazole increased by 85% when the drying cycle was changed from 100 to 444 min. For candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide, removal improved by 35%, and for 4-methylbenzotriazole and sulfamethoxazole, by 57% and 39%, respectively. Thus, enhanced aeration of the vadose soil zone through prolonged drying times can be a suitable technique to increase the removal of CECs during SAT.
A Simple Empirical Band-Ratio Algorithm to Assess Suspended Particulate Matter from Remote Sensing over Coastal and Inland Waters of Vietnam: Application to the VNREDSat-1/NAOMI Sensor
Authors: Ngoc Dat Dinh , Loisel Hubert , Vantrepotte Vincent , Chu Xuan Huy , Nguyen Minh Ngoc , Verpoorter Charles , Meriaux Xavier , Pham Thi Minh Hanh , Le Thi Huong , Le Vu Hong Hai , Nguyen Van Thao
Published: September 2020

VNREDSat-1 is the first Vietnamese satellite enabling the survey of environmental parameters, such as vegetation and water coverages or surface water quality at medium spatial resolution (from 2.5 to 10 m depending on the considered channel). The New AstroSat Optical Modular Instrument (NAOMI) sensor on board VNREDSat-1 has the required spectral bands to assess the suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration. Because recent studies have shown that the remote sensing reflectance, Rrs(λ), at the blue (450–520 nm), green (530–600 nm), and red (620–690 nm) spectral bands can be assessed using NAOMI with good accuracy, the present study is dedicated to the development and validation of an algorithm (hereafter referred to as V1SPM) to assess SPM from Rrs(λ) over inland and coastal waters of Vietnam. For that purpose, an in-situ data set of hyper-spectral Rrs(λ) and SPM (from 0.47 to 240.14 g·m−3) measurements collected at 205 coastal and inland stations has been gathered. Among the different approaches, including four historical algorithms, the polynomial algorithms involving the red-to-green reflectance ratio presents the best performance on the validation data set (mean absolute percent difference (MAPD) of 18.7%). Compared to the use of a single spectral band, the band ratio reduces the scatter around the polynomial fit, as well as the impact of imperfect atmospheric corrections. Due to the lack of matchup data points with VNREDSat-1, the full VNREDSat-1 processing chain (atmospheric correction (RED-NIR) and V1SPM), aiming at estimating SPM from the top-of-atmosphere signal, was applied to the Landsat-8/OLI match-up data points with relatively low to moderate SPM concentration (3.33–15.25 g·m−3), yielding a MAPD of 15.8%. An illustration of the use of this VNREDSat-1 processing chain during a flooding event occurring in Vietnam is provided.
Distance employment in Russia's forming digital economy: lessons from the pandemic
Authors: Komarova I.P. , Sigarev A.V. , Ustyuzhanina E.V.
Published: September 2020

The article first describes the place of remote employment in the digital economy and identifies opportunities and limitations associated with the development of this phenomenon. Secondly, the author reveals the impact of temporary restrictions imposed during the spread of coronavirus infection on the development of remote employment, and identifies the main problems associated with the use of remote employment during various emergencies. Third, measures designed to ensure a relatively painless transition to large-scale remote employment are justified.
Beneficial Effects of Adding Topical Atorvastatin 5% Cream to Topical Betamethasone 1% Ointment on Chronic Hand Eczema
Authors: Mehrpooya Maryam , Ghaed-Amini Fatemeh , Firozian Farzin , Mohammadi Younes , Alirezaei Pedram
Published: September 2020

Background: Hand eczema (HE) refers to a common inflammatory dermatological condition. Several studies have shown that statins may have anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed at investigating the efficacy of adding topical atorvastatin to topical betamethasone in the treatment of chronic HE. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled research was done between October 2017 and August 2018 in Hamadan, Iran. Of 130 cases treated for HE, 88 were randomly assigned to groups receiving either betamethasone 1% ointment plus atorvastatin 5% cream (n = 44) or betamethasone 1% ointment plus vehicle cream (n=44). Both groups applied their medications twice a day for 10 days. The primary outcome was changes in the severity of HE, assessed by hand eczema severity index (HECSI). The secondary outcomes were changes in itching evaluated via visual analogue scale (VAS) and quality of life examined through dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Results: Seventy-two out of 88 eligible cases completed the study. The mean HECSI scores decreased in both groups after the intervention, although the change in HECSI was greater in the atorvastatin group (adjusted mean difference [AMD]: 5.756; 95% CI: 5.168 to 6.344, P<0.001). The mean VAS scores decreased in both groups after the intervention, although the change in VAS was greater in the atorvastatin group (AMD: 10.535; 95% CI: 7.005 to 14.064, P<0.001). Treatment with topical atorvastatin was more effective in improving DLQI (AMD: 1.990; 95% CI: 1.821 to 2.158, P<0.001). Conclusion: Addition of topical atorvastatin to topical betamethasone is beneficial in treatment of chronic HE. Trial Registration: Identifier: IRCT2017070922965N10; https://www.irct.ir/.
Razi and his Concepts on Bone and Joint Disorders
Authors: Afshar Ahmadreza , Tabrizi Ali
Published: September 2020

This brief review presents Razi’s concepts of bone and joint disorders. Razi differentiated between ligaments, tendons, and nerves and recognized the role of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system in the perception of senses and voluntary movements. He described paralysis and loss of sensation following brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system injuries. Razi presented an early concept of compartment syndrome. Razi’s approach to fracture management is very similar to the current concept of functional bracing for some fractures. Razi mentioned suturing the wounds and ligation of bleeding large vessels. He cautioned about phlebotomy in the antecubital fossa as it may become complicated by the adjacent arterial and nerve injuries. Razi treated osteomyelitis by removing the infected and necrotic bone by sawing, cutting, and rasping. He also documented arthralgia, painful hip, and sciatic pain and made a sharp distinction between arthralgia and gout. He indicated the gout origin as the production of a waste substance that the body fails to expel. Razi’s basic concepts on the bone and joint disorders established a foundation for modern orthopedic science.
Validity of a Serological Diagnostic Kit for SARS-CoV-2 Available in Iran
Authors: Shamsollahi Hamid Reza , Amini Mostafa , Alizadeh Shaban , Nedjat Saharnaz , Akbari-Sari Ali , Rezaei Mehdi , Allameh Seyed Farshad , Fotouhi Akbar , Yunesian Masud
Published: September 2020

Background: The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic broke out in December 2019 and is now characterized as a pandemic. Effective control of this infectious disease requires access to diagnostic techniques, for both case finding and epidemic size estimation. The molecular technique is routinely used worldwide. Although it is the "standard" case detection and management method, it has its own shortcomings. Thus, some easy-to-use rapid serological tests have been developed. Methods: One hundred and fourteen positive RT-PCR-diagnosed patients were tested by VivaDiag Kit, a brand of rapid serological kits available in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. Frozen serum specimens taken from healthy people in summer and fall 2019 were also tested as negative controls. Results: Test sensitivity was 47.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.8-56.9) for IgM and 47.0% (95% CI: 38.0–56.0) for IgG. There was no difference between IgG and IgM seropositivity except in one case. Specificity was calculated as 99.0% (95% CI: 96.4–99.9) for IgM and of 100.0% (95% CI: 0.98.2–100.0) for IgG. Sensitivity was higher in men and older participants. Conclusion: This test can be used for epidemiological investigations, especially for the estimation of the level of infection in the community, after it is properly corrected for sensitivity and specificity. The low sensitivity could be attributed to the technical limitations of the kit or low levels of antibodies after infection. The different sensitivity in age and sex groups supports the hypothesis that different people show different immune responses to this virus.
Anxiety Severity Levels and Coping Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic among People Aged 15 Years and Above in Gonabad, Iran
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Fatemeh , Delshad Noghabi Ali , Khosravan Shahla , Bazeli Javad , Armanmehr Vajihe , Paykani Toktam
Published: September 2020

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a global health problem. It is necessary to provide evidence on its unprecedented psychological effects to develop effective psychological interventions. The current study aims to determine the anxiety severity level, coping strategies, and influencing factors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic among people aged 15 years and above in Gonabad, Iran. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey via online questionnaires between February and March 2020. We evaluated the anxiety severity levels and coping strategies using the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations–Short Form (CISS-SF), respectively. Multinomial and ordinal logistic regression models were used to identify the predictors of coping strategies and anxiety. Results: Totally, 500 people completed the questionnaires (response rate: 73%). Of them, 53.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.9%- 57.8%) suffered moderate to severe levels of anxiety. More than half of the respondents (52.0%; 95% CI: 47.5%-56.4%) utilized emotional-based or avoidant coping strategies. People with no academic education (odds ratio [OR]: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.41- 3.31) and without physical exercise (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.22-3.33) preferred emotional-based coping instead of problem-based coping strategy. Female gender (OR: 1.60, 95%, CI: 1.13-2.28), underlying medical conditions (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.65–3.87), and emotional-based coping (OR: 4.06, 95% CI: 2.76–5.99) were associated with higher severity levels of anxiety. Conclusion: The severity of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic was significant among participants. Further attention is needed to enhance the mental health of the vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings also identified some factors related to the severity level of anxiety related to COVID-19 that could help formulate better psychological interventions.
O testemunho das musas. Quase poesia: talvez abismo, de José Adriano Alves
Authors: Filíppovna Verônica
Published: September 2020

A resenha nos coloca em contato com o movimento espiralado das imagens dos poemas de José Adriano Alves. Segundo a analista, o tratamento dado ao poema consegue alçar a poesia a infinitos universos e sentidos particulares e individuais.
10 mulheres, 10 poetas do Slam. Empoderamento feminino, de Meimei Bastos (org.)
Authors: Newman de Queiroz Mario Cesar
Published: September 2020

A resenha nos convida a conhecer o universo da palavra-performance e do empenho coletivo presente em Empoderamento feminino, antologia de 10 poetas do slam no Brasil.
Nel mezzo del cammin, olhos bruxos. Olhos bruxos, de Eliezer Moreira
Authors: De Souza Costa Arruda Helena Maria
Published: September 2020

“Nel mezzo del cammin, olhos bruxos”, resenha de Helena Arruda, expõe algumas estratégias que tornam Machado de Assis presente ao longo do romance Olhos bruxos, de Eliezer Moreira: tanto a partir do efeito de leitura, como dos recursos narrativos, Machado de Assis percorre o título aos diversos procedimentos articulados na escrita do romance.
Selection of Parameters for Diagnostics of Parts of Cylinder-piston Group of Automotive Diesel Engines
Authors: Антропов Б.С. , Капралов В.В. , Гумённый В.В. , Генералов В.А.
Published: September 2020

Детали цилиндропоршневой группы (ЦПГ) определяют ресурс автомобильных двигателей, так как они являются наиболее нагруженными газовыми и инерционными силами, имеющими переменный и знакопеременный характер изменения. К тому же эти детали имеют контакт с горячими газами и атмосферным воздухом, содержащим абразивные частицы пыли, что интенсифицирует их износ. Достоверность диагностирования состояния деталей ЦПГ зависит от информативности выбранных параметров, которыми являются показатели качества работы двигателей. Проверка двигателей из эксплуатации с пробегами, близкими к их ресурсу, на тормозном стенде при работе на номинальном режиме, показала, что самым информативным является расход масла на долив (на угар). Он рекомендован как основной диагностический параметр деталей ЦПГ. Вспомогательными параметрами рекомендуются компрессия и расход картерных газов, которые целесообразно использовать при углублённом диагностировании указанных деталей с целью определения неисправных цилиндров двигателя.

Parts of cylinder-piston group determine service life of automotive engines as they are the most loaded gas and inertial forces, having variable and sign-alternating character of change. In addition, these parts have contact with hot gases and atmospheric air containing abrasive dust particles which intensifies their wear. Reliability of diagnostics of CPG parts condition depends on information value of selected parameters which are indicators of engines operation quality. Check of engines out of service with runs close to their service life on the brake stand bench during operation at nominal conditions has showed that the most informative is oil consumption through burning. It is recommended as the main diagnostic parameter of CPG parts. The auxiliary parameters are recommended compression and flow rate of crankcase gases which are useful for deep diagnostics of the specified parts in order to determine faulty cylinders of the engine.
“Se Essa Praça, Se Essa Praça Fosse Nossa...”
Authors: Rotta Ana Maria Soletti , Pires Giovani De Lorenzi
Published: September 2020

Os jovens, o lazer e as políticas públicas têm sido estudados por diferentes enfoques e objetivos. A produção científica em Educação Física demonstra a crescente visibilidade dessas temáticas também neste campo de conhecimento. Assim, o estudo partiu da seguinte indagação: como o lazer, em suas diversas dimensões culturais, manifesta-se como prática social de jovens de diferentes contextos sócio-econômicos em espaços públicos da cidade de Caçador/SC? Trata-se de estudo observacionaldescritivo cuja metodologia envolveu observações, questionários e grupo focal. Os dados gerados foram interpretados por meio de eixos temáticos/análise de conteúdo. Dentre os aspectos evidenciados, destacam-se o modo de ser dos jovens da cidade e os usos que fazem do espaço. De maneira geral, eles reconhecem o que está satisfatório na infraestrutura, apontam falhas nas ações do poder público e desejos de mudança, mas não se acham incluídos nos processos de elaboração de políticas públicas de lazer na cidade.
Seres Humanos e Natureza
Authors: Armas Camila Santos de , Inácio Humberto Luís de Deus
Published: September 2020

Este estudo objetivou responder a seguinte questão: os aspectos do mundo do trabalho se transferem para o mundo do lazer? Para tanto, analisamos a relação entre seres humanos e natureza, especialmente por meio de uma prática corporal de aventura na natureza específica – o montanhismo. O estudo constituiu-se de caráter qualitativo: buscou compreender e descrever uma realidade social concreta. Para coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada. Observamos que relações estabelecidas no mundo do trabalho se disseminam para o mundo do lazer no grupo estudado, ampliando a alienação típica do trabalho nas sociedades de ordem capitalista para outras dimensões da vida humana; mas também observamos que, dialeticamente, as experiências realizadas no montanhismo, geram novos significados e valores para a vida, os quais se disseminam e “contaminam” positivamente o mundo do trabalho.
Inseminação artificial e acompanhamento da gestação em uma cadela da raça Bull Terrier com histórico de agressividade
Authors: Monteiro Kianne , Bergmann Luana Janetizk , Ferreira Bruna Conceição , Lira Gabriel Marchesi , Marques Thamires Fernanda Ramalho , Fonseca Taize Cristina , Beraldo Elizabeth , Murgas Luis David Solis
Published: September 2020

O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar uma inseminação artificial (IA) e posterior acompanhamento gestacional realizados em uma cadela da raça Bull Terrier com histórico de agressividade durante o estro. Foi atendida uma cadela da raça Bull Terrier com 14 meses de idade com sinais aparentes de estro, que demonstrou agressividade e intolerância à aproximação do macho na monta natural, sendo sugerido realizar a IA. A citologia vaginal confirmou a fase de estro, com mais de 80% de células queratinizadas anucleadas. O sêmen do macho doador foi coletado por manipulação digital e posteriormente analisado, apresentando qualidade em todos os parâmetros espermáticos avaliados. Foi realizada inseminação artificial intravaginal com sêmen fresco, e o mesmo procedimento foi repetido 48 horas, depois de uma segunda citologia vaginal confirmando que o animal ainda estava em estro. Essa repetição da IA teve o intuito de abranger melhor a duração do estro, aumentando a chance de prenhês. Após 51 dias da última IA foi realizada uma ultrassonografia para confirmar a gestação, sendo possível observar a presença de fetos vivos, cuja viabilidade foi comprovada pela presença de batimentos cardíacos entre 230 a 257 bpm. O parto ocorreu 58 dias após a última inseminação, com duração de aproximadamente oito horas e nascimento de cinco filhotes, todos vivos e saudáveis. Foi possível concluir que IA após confirmação de estro por citologia vaginal, e o acompanhamento gestacional, são ferramentas importantes da biotecnologia da reprodução, capazes de proporcionar a utilização de animais na atividade reprodutiva, em casos onde a monta natural não é possível.
Modelos NIRS para as características químicas da madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage
Authors: Baldin Talita , Talgatti Maiara , Silveira Amanda Grassmann , Santos Glêison Augusto , Santos Osmarino Pires , Valente Brígida
Published: September 2020

A espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (Near Infrared Spectroscopy, NIRS) é uma técnica não destrutível, rápida e acurada, aplicável em muitas amostras e tem se mostrado como uma ferramenta eficiente na determinação das propriedades químicas, anatômicas, físicas e mecânicas da madeira. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver modelos de calibração NIRS para as características químicas da madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii. Para o desenvolvimento dos modelos de calibração toretes de 87 árvores, sendo 75 de E. benthamii, quatro de E. dunnii, quatro de E. grandis e quatro de E. saligna foram transformadas em cavacos. Parte deste material serviu para as análises de cinzas, extrativos, lignina total e Klason e holocelulose, outra parte foi moída para aquisição dos espectros, que posteriormente foram correlacionados aos valores laboratoriais. A calibração do modelo foi determinada por análise de regressão dos mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS). A seleção dos modelos foi tomada com base nos critérios estatísticos de coeficiente de determinação (R²), erro médio da validação cruzada (RMSECV), desvio residual de previsão (RPD) e do número de variáveis latentes (VLs). A composição química da madeira de E. benthamii corrobora os resultados evidenciados na literatura para os eucaliptos. Os modelos de calibração apresentaram ajustes satisfatórios para o teor de holocelulose (R2=0,82), lignina total (R2=0,74) e lignina Klason (R2=0,82) e a sua utilização comercial é recomendada para predição de amostras desconhecidas. A técnica NIRS se mostrou promissora para predizer a qualidade da madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii para a indústria de celulose.
Use of docosahexaenoic acid for lamb diet
Authors: Araújo Maria Júlia Pereira , Schultz Erica Beatriz , Jesus Thauane Ariel Valadares , Andrade Marina Elizabeth Barbosa , Sousa Luciana Melo , Macedo Júnior Gilberto de Lima
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of docosahexaenoic in the concentrated acid on intake, digestibility, metabolic profile and ingestive behavior of lambs diets. Five crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs with initial age and body weight average of six months and 33 kg, respectively, were used in the trial. The animals were assigned into a 5×5 Latin square design and they received one of the following treatments: 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 % of microalgal product (Aurantiochytrium limacinum algae) or ALL-G Rich® in the concentrate. The diets were composed of corn silage and concentrate offered twice daily. During the experimental period, feed, water, feces, blood, and urine were sampled to calculate the intake and digestibility and to characterize the metabolic profile. The ingestive behavior was measured during 24 hours on the last day each experimental period. The time spent on feeding, ruminating and idle activities was measured. Regression analyses were performed considering 5 % of significance. There were no difference on nutrients intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior with the inclusion of ALL-G Rich® in the diet (p>0.05). There was a significant effect on serum concentrations of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyl transferase, however, all metabolites remained within the range recommended for the animal category. Thus, ALL-G Rich® can be used up to 6% in the concentrate, on dry matter basis, of lambs diet without affect intake, digestibility, metabolic profile, and ingestive behavior.
AUDINIŲ PERFUZIJOS VERTINIMAS ŠOKO METU
Authors: Belousovienė Eglė , Morkūnas Egidijus , Šimkienė Jūratė , Kiudulaitė Inga , Pilvinis Vidas , Pranskūnas Andrius
Published: September 2020

Audinių kraujotakos pablogėjimas yra esminis organų nepakankamumo vystymosi veiksnys šoko metu. Nustatytas reikšmingas ryšys tarp audinių perfuzijos sutrikimo laipsnio ir pacientų mirštamumo, todėl labai svarbu kuo anksčiau nustatyti pablogėjusią audinių perfuziją ir imtis terapinių veiksmų. Šio straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti naujausią literatūrą, kurioje aprašomi neinvaziniai audinių perfuzijos vertinimo bei gerinimo būdai. Duomenys buvo renkami PubMed duomenų bazėje, naudojant raktinius žodžius: tissue perfusion, microcirculation, shock. Atrinkti ir išanalizuoti 52 viso teksto straipsniai anglų kalba. Analizės rezultatai parodė, kad audinių perfuzijos vertinimas klinikiniais, biocheminiais bei instrumentiniais metodais leidžia anksti įtarti ir nustatyti audinių perfuzijos sutrikimus. Ankstyvas kraujotakos nepakankamumo nustatymas ir laiku vykdomos terapinės intervencijos, gerinančios audinių perfuziją, didina pacientų išgyvenamumą šoko metu.
INKSTŲ FUNKCIJOS VERTINIMAS, DOZUOJANT VAISTUS
Authors: Gintautas Armantas , Janušonis Tomas
Published: September 2020

Inkstų funkcija yra ypač svarbi, dozuojant vaistus. Siekiant išvengti per mažos ar per didelės dozės nepakankamo veiksmingumo ar nepageidaujamo poveikio, būtina kuo tiksliau įvertinti inkstų funkciją ir, remiantis preparato charakteristikų santraukoje pateiktomis rekomendacijomis, koreguoti dozę. Šio straipsnio tikslas – pristatyti inkstų funkcijos vertinimo metodus vaistų dozei parinkti, atsižvelgiant į inkstų funkciją. Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgiami inkstų funkcijos vertinimo metodai, analizuojami jų privalumai ir trūkumai bei veiksniai, darantys įtaką inkstų funkcijos skaičiavimo rezultatams, remiantis naujausiais literatūros duomenimis. Pateikiami pagrindiniai vaistų dozavimo principai esant inkstų funkcijos sutrikimui ir nagrinėjami su inkstų funkcijos įvertinimo metodo taikymu susiję galimi prieštaravimai, dozuojant vaistus. Pateikiamos geriamųjų antikoaguliantų dozavimo, esant inkstų funkcijos sutrikimams, rekomendacijos. Daroma išvada, kad idealaus inkstų funkcijos įvertinimo metodo nėra, ir skiriant bet kokį vaistą, reikia peržiūrėti preparato charakteristikų santrauką ir įvertinti ne tik dozavimo rekomendacijas esant inkstų funkcijos sutrikimui, bet ir inkstų funkcijos vertinimo metodą.
PSICHIKOS SVEIKATOS SLAUGYTOJŲ IR SERGANČIŲJŲ ŠIZOFRENIJA ARTIMŲJŲ BENDRADARBIAVIMAS: KOKYBINIS TYRIMAS
Authors: Grinkevičiūtė Augustė , Jakavonytė-Akstinienė Agnė
Published: September 2020

Šizofrenija serga daugiau nei 20 milijonų pasaulio gyventojų. Daugelis asmenų, kuriems diagnozuota šizofrenija, gyvena arba palaiko artimus ryšius su savo šeimos nariais, pavyzdžiui, tėvais, broliais, seserimis ar vaikais. Dažnai sergančiuosius prižiūrintys šeimos nariai pakliūva į situacijas, kuriose pasireiškia sergančiojo agresija ir savęs žalojimas. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti psichikos sveikatos slaugytojo ir sergančiųjų šizofrenija artimųjų bendradarbiavimą. Tyrime dalyvavo 4 artimieji, vyresni nei 18 metų, kurių šeimose yra šizofrenija sergantis asmuo ir 4 psichikos sveikatos slaugytojai. Taikytas interviu metodas. Tyrimo rezultatai. Šizofrenija sergančiųjų artimieji patiria neigiamą aplinkinių požiūrį, turi bendravimo problemų su sveikatos priežiūros specialistais ir su šizofrenija sergančiu šeimos nariu. Psichikos sveikatos slaugytojai šizofrenija sergančiųjų artimiesiems konsultacijų metu dažniausiai rekomenduoja rūpintis savo emocine sveikata, stebėti, kad sergantysis tinkamai vartotų jam paskirtus vaistus, moko bendrauti su sergančiuoju, pablogėjus jo sveikatos būklei.
PIRMINIŲ SVEIKATOS PRIEŽIŪROS ĮSTAIGŲ DARBUOTOJŲ POŽIŪRIS Į STRATEGINIO VALDYMO ELEMENTŲ IR VEIKLOS RODIKLIŲ SĄSAJAS
Authors: Šablinskas Linas , Cibulskas Gintautas
Published: September 2020

Tikslas – įvertinti pirminių sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų darbuotojų požiūrį į strateginio valdymo elementų ir veiklos rodiklių sąsajas.

Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimas atliktas 2016 metais, taikant kiekybinį (anketinė apklausa) ir kokybinį (pusiau struktūruoto interviu metodas) tyrimo metodus. Anketinė apklausa taikyta apklausti dviejų skirtingo tipo pirminių sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų darbuotojams. Remiantis apklausos duomenimis, parengti interviu klausimai tų pačių sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų vadovams. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant IBM SPSS 22.0 statistinės analizės paketą, grafikų ir lentelių kūrimui buvo naudojama Microsoft Excel 2010.

Rezultatai ir išvados. Sveikatos priežiūros darbuotojų ir vadovų nuomonės vertinimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad įstaigos darbuotojų įtraukimas į strateginio valdymo element formavimą ir informuotumas strateginių siekių kontekste turi didelės įtakos pirminių sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų pacientų skaičiaus mažėjimo arba didėjimo rodikliams. Aiškus darbuotojų užduočių išgryninimas strateginių siekių kontekste, savo svarbos siekiant strateginių tikslų pajauta, realizuojant įstaigos misiją, taip pat turi įtakos pirminių sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų pacientų skaičiaus mažėjimo arba didėjimo rodikliams. Didžiausią įtaką, darbuotojų ir vadovų nuomone, šiems veiklos rodikliams daro šeimos gydytojai. Darbuotojų įtraukimas į strateginių valdymo elementų kūrimą turi didelės įtakos minėtų veiklos rodiklių augimui.
PREDIABETO IR DIABETO BEI ŠIRDIES IR KRAUJAGYSLIŲ LIGŲ DIAGNOSTIKA IR PREVENCIJA
Authors: Valterytė Gintarė
Published: September 2020

Cukrinis diabetas (CD) – įvairių paveldimų ir įgytų priežasčių sukeltas medžiagų apykaitos sutrikimas. Tai lėtinė liga, kai dėl insulino gamybos, sekrecijos ir poveikio pakitimų (audinių atsparumo insulinui), arba dėl abiejų priežasčių, sutrinka visa medžiagų (angliavandenių, baltymų, riebalų) apykaita, atsiranda lėtinė hiperglikemija ir daugelio organų (ypač akių, inkstų, nervų, širdies ir kraujagyslių) ilgalaikis pažeidimas ar disfunkcija (PSO, 2019). Dėl greitėjančio gyvenimo tempo, netinkamos mitybos, vartotojiško požiūrio Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje daugėja pacientų, kuriems vienu metu nustatomas CD bei širdies ir kraujagyslių ligos (ŠKL). Sergant CD, atsiranda lėtinė hiperglikemija ir daugelio organų (ypač akių, inkstų, nervų, širdies ir kraujagyslių) ilgalaikis pažeidimas ar disfunkcija. Ilgalaikė hiperglikemija sukelia reikšmingas mikrovaskulines ir makrovaskulines diabeto komplikacijas, tarp kurių yra širdies vainikinių kraujagyslių pažeidimas. Pacientams, kuriems nustatomas ūmus koronarinis įvykis, ištyrus glikemiją, dažnai nustatomi gliukozės rodiklių nuokrypiai. Sutrikusios glikemijos nevalgius (prediabeto) ir CD pasireiškimas atspindi natūralų ligos eigos progresavimą nuo normoglikemijos iki antro tipo CD. Šioms patologijoms diagnozuoti naudojami skirtingi diagnostiniai modeliai. Diagnozuoti sutrikusią glikemiją − nevalgius būtina atlikti gliukozės tolerancijos testą. Asmenims su nustatyta ŠKL diagnoze reikia tirti HbA1c, o gliukozės tolerancijos testą atlikti, kai glikuoto hemoglobino duomenys nėra aiškūs. CD diagnozės patvirtinimo amžius, glikemijos kontrolė, inkstų komplikacijos sukeltos CD pasekmės leidžia prognozuoti ŠKL eigą. Sergantieji CD ir gliukozės tolerancijos sutrikimu bei turintys organų taikinių pažeidimų, turi labai didelę ŠKL riziką. Jų rizika numirti nuo ŠKL per 10 metų yra didesnė, nei 10 procentų [15]. Svarbi yra ankstyva diagnostika, rizikos veiksnių (nutukimas, mažas fizinis aktyvumas, rūkymas, nesubalansuota mityba) korekcija.
A Novel Cesaro Fractal EBG-based Sensing Platform for Dielectric Characterization of Liquids
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Riaz Kashif , Zubair Amna , Arif Ali
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a compact, cost-effective, and contactless fractal modified EBG-based microwave sensing platform for dielectric characterization of liquids by analyzing the variation in the reflection coefficient of an antenna. The reported design is composed of a triangular-shaped antenna (0.323λ­o x 0.323λ­o) placed over a 3 x 3 array of Cesaro fractal based EBG plane (0.7λ­o x 0.7λ­o) operating at 2.45 GHz. A significant enhancement of the E-field in the sensing region has been achieved with the incorporation of Cesaro fractals in the EBG plane which results in increased sensitivity and compactness. To validate its performance, absolute solutions of butan-1-ol, methanol, and water are loaded, and a maximum measured sensitivity of 0.875% and a maximum quality factor of 90.05 is achieved. Moreover, a maximum RMS error in retrieved values of dielectric constant and loss tangent of liquid under test is found to be 1.092% and 0.813%, respectively. Our demonstrated EBG-based sensor has a compact footprint with good precision, affordability, and ease of operation in detecting liquids for microwave sensing applications.
La campagna elettorale 2013 in TV: tanta politica, pochi temi e tre protagonisti
Authors: Bianchi Valeria , Chianale Cristina
Published: September 2020

The paper provides an analysis of political communication on television during the 2013 general elections. 13 television programs of different types (news, information programs and infotainment) were monitored during the period 1 December 2012 - 3 March 2013 and data collected. The analysis was carried out with the support of a codebook consisting of 43 variables that refer to themes, electoral and political relevance, news and actors’ characteristics. The aim of this paper is to describe the campaign by the quantity of political information and the themes at the center of the debate, with particular attention to the similarities and differences between the various program types and television networks. Finally the visibility of the main leaders and the themes discussed during the entire period of the election campaign were analyzed.
Elezioni nel mondo - Gennaio-Giugno 2013
Authors: Bolgherini Silvia
Published: September 2020

Europa: Albania, Armenia, Bulgaria, Cipro, Islanda, Malta, Montenegro, Repubblica Ceca;

Africa: Kenya;

Americhe: Ecuador, Paraguay, Venezuela;

Asia: Filippine, Israele, Mongolia.
Tra dinamiche territoriali e voto personale: le elezioni comunali 2012 a Palermo
Authors: Emanuele Vincenzo
Published: September 2020

The 2012 municipal election in Palermo produced an unexpected outcome. In the Sicilian city - for a long time a conservative stronghold- the center-right candidate, Massimo Costa did not succeed to reach the second ballot and the election was won by the former Major Leoluca Orlando, supported by a radical left coalition. Orlando prevailed with a sensational 72% of the vote share against the winner of the center-left primary elections, Fabrizio Ferrandelli.

What happened in the 2012 Palermo municipal election? Did the Sicilian capital move suddenly toward the left? Which factors fostered this sharp and unpredictable electoral change that altered the long-time-established political landscape of the City?

To answer these questions, this article analyzes the results of the 2012 municipal election in Palermo through an electoral geography approach and the use of a quantitative methodology with ecological data. In particular, the article makes use of both the territorial study of turnout and elections results and the voting ecological estimates generated with the traditional Goodman model.

The empirical analysis shows that this election was strongly influenced by factors linked to the local context more than by authentically political ones. In other words, Palermo did not move toward the left. Moreover, the internal electoral segmentation of the City between central and peripheral neighborhoods persisted as the main determinant of the vote choice.
Elezioni in Italia - Le elezioni politiche del 24-25 febbraio 2013: grande volatilità, fine del bipolarismo, stallo al Senato
Authors: Di Virgilio Aldo
Published: September 2020

Review of Italian elections, Italian General Elections (24-25 February 2013): High volatility, end of bipolarism,  deadlock in Senate