bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remarks on Marx and Changing the World
Authors:   Peking University, Rockmore Tom
Published: November 2023

The article considers the personal interest of Marx and the Marxist tradition in changing the world. As a rule, and this can be explained by political reasons, Marx and Engels are credited with an identical position on this issue. The author shows that this is a simplification and offers his interpretation based on the pri­macy of philosophical origins for the development of Marx’s ideas. In this case, Marx turns out to be a Hegelian and a critic of Aristotle, while Engels remains an anti-Hegelian. Engels follows Schelling in denying Hegel, and Marx builds his concept on the basis of Hegel’s theory of the modern world, while simultaneously challenging the Aristotelian concept of economic value. Engels denies contempo­rary philosophy, giving priority to science and so-called scientific socialism. Marx­ist economics, on the other hand, arises as a reaction of Marx to Aristotelian intu­itions. The author shows that Marx’s philosophy and the Marxist tradition should be distinguished not only because of the various embodiments of the latter, but primarily because of their different philosophical origins. This differentiation of the ideas of Marx himself and the Marxism growing out of Engel’s interpretation can be carried out based on the formulation of the question of the relationship of being and thinking in cognition proposed by Parmenides. For Engels, questions of episte­mology boil down to the fact that thinking about being and being itself should co­incide. Later, this materialistic approach will form the basis of reflection theory. Marx’s position is more complicated and can be characterized as idealistic. It is this fundamental discrepancy that determines the difference between the attitude of Marx and the Marxist tradition to the question of the longing to change the world.
What Does Marc Richir Understand in “The Beautiful” by Immanuel Kant?
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, School of Philosophical and Cultural Studies, Kirsberg Igor W.
Published: November 2023

Comparing understanding of the beautiful by Kant and Richir the article is con­centrated on decay of modern phenomenology (and modern philosophical rea­soning in general) as transforming understanding into rhetoric. Discussing ori­gins of thought, discovered in the beautiful, and its particularities in correlation with feeling (emotion) Richir breaks phenomenological instruments – transforms notions of epoche, reduction, pure consciousness, phenomenon into something uncertain, spreading them also on understanding of thought and providing thus uncertainty of its understanding and understanding as such. Discussing thought he proposes only verbal practice, disguised its emptiness by special manners (besides uncertainty it is a reproduction of metaphors, attachment of rhetoric to paraphrases of thinkers, mixture of understanding with understanding of un­derstanding, pseudo-questions). Damaging understanding as such this rhetoric does not give any other understanding – remains within the limits of ordinary understanding of consciousness as cognitive, mixture of thought and cognitivity and interpretation of the beautiful as knowledge. As opposed to Richir the article demonstrates a possibility of the other – productive – rhetoric which prepares a method for resisting the depicted crisis of understanding. Deviating from strict notions, denoted thought, to their uncertain use Kant prepares understanding of the beautiful as non-cognitive emotional experience and esthetical thought as a mean for such an experience – its non-cognitive expression. Thus Kant pre­pares rhetorically an understanding of irreducible difference among structures of consciousness.
The Subject and Main Directions of Modern Philosophy of Economics
Authors:   Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Rogozhnikova Varvara N.
Published: November 2023

The modern philosophy of economics in Russia and in the West is devoid of unity: its representatives differ in the definition of the subject of the philoso­phy of economics, and in the various existing definitions, the “philosophical” part is poorly represented and is often replaced by the methodological one. This study is an attempt to form a holistic view of the subject field of modern philoso­phy of economics. In our work, we used comparative and historical methods, a systematic approach. The purpose of our work is to define the boundaries of the subject field of modern philosophy of economics. We describe the main historical stages in the development of the philosophy of economics in Russia and abroad, as well as the views of economists and philosophers on the subject of the philosophy of economics. The general conclusion is that the modern phi­losophy of economics is a study of the methodology, ethics and epistemology of economic science, within the boundaries of which the subject of this area of knowledge is determined. At the same time, the Russian version of the phi­losophy of economics differs from its Western version in the degree of insti­tutionalization and the level of development of the philosophical problems of economics.
Intercultural Polyphony in Philosophy. Reflection on the Book
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Malinov Alexey V.
Published: November 2023

The article is a review-reflection on the book Comparative Philosophy: from Comparative to Intercultural Philosophy, prepared mainly by employees of the Oriental Philosophy Department of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is noted that the book is the first most complete experi­ence of intercultural philosophizing in the Russian philosophical space. Intercul­tural philosophy is substantiated as a meeting place for different points of view and philosophical traditions that promote mutual enrichment and stimulate fur­ther development in philosophy. Openness to different intellectual traditions while critically considering influences is a normal, natural situation in philo­sophy. At the same time, intercultural philosophy recognizes the inevitability of asymmetric influences with the potential equality of philosophical traditions, which can also have negative consequences, an example of which is sometimes the dominant influence of Western philosophy. It is indicated that intercultural philosophy proceeds from the idea of decentralization of philosophy, recognizes the issue of the origin of philosophy, which can have more than one beginning, as more difficult, advocates the rejection of Western centrism in philosophy. Within the framework of intercultural philosophy, important questions for the self-determination of philosophy are raised about the connection between philo­sophy and language, about the specifics of philosophical thinking, about the pos­sibility of philosophical thinking that is different from the Western type of think­ing, etc. Followers of intercultural philosophy pay attention to the fact that the periodization of the history of philosophy, methods, interpretive schemes adopted in Western philosophy often do not work on the material of other philo­sophical traditions. For this reason, followers of intercultural philosophy propose a new model of the history of philosophy, which favors problems over personali­ties, systems of thought, or countries, and recognizes the cultural determinism of philosophical thinking.
Philosophy and Science: Identity – Kinship – Hostility
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikhaylov Igor A.
Published: November 2023

For the last two centuries the relationship between philosophy and science have constantly been an issue that provoked vehement quarrels. Positions in theses quarrels are mostly based on a relatively narrow cultural and theoretical horizon. It is rather likely that an uncompromising stance would be represented by an ad­vocate of positivism. Meanwhile an alternative standpoint is not only possible but also quite desirable. The question of self-determination of philosophy cannot be solved by any of the answers about its attitude to science, since the grounds on which such an answer is based (various historical, national and general cul­tural attitudes) are significantly different. The severity and regular recurrence of such disputes are to be taken as symptoms of the fact that some fundamental questions are raised here concerning the nature of both science and philosophy. This means, in particular, that such disputes could never stop, but will constantly serve as an instrument of self-consciousness and self-determination of both phi­losophy and sciences. It is shown that the these disputes are caused by hetero­geneous reaons: a) radicalization of the question of the scientific nature of phi­losophy and the foundations of knowledge in German idealism; b) processes of separation of areas of knowledge, i.e. the separation of science and art; c) in­volvement in science of wider social strata, as well as changes in the organiza­tional forms of science itself. However, the results of these transformations were quite apparent not until the second half of the 19. Century and have been pre­ceded by a long tradition of synonymy between “sciences” and “arts” that is partly reflected in the concept of “artes liberales”. Strong identification of phi­losophy with the study of nature in the British tradition gives us another example of a disputed and controversial relation.
Transcendental foundations of the religious experience: Semyon Frank and Karl Rahner
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Martemianov Kirill A.
Published: November 2023

This article examines the philosophy of Semyon Frank and the theology of Karl Rahner in the light of transcendental themes. It demonstrates that the appeal to transcendental an­thropology and to anthropology in general is perceived by Franck and Rahner as a way of renewal of religious metaphysics, avoiding accusations of both «dogmatism» and re­moteness from living religious experience. Both thinkers, appealing to the Christian tradi­tion and Western philosophy, interpret the «non-thematic» and «non-conceptual» experience of being as a primordial existential state. In the author’s opinion, Frank and Rahner offer original approaches to the problem of the foundations of religious experience by de­veloping a philosophical theology «from below» with a fundamental focus on phenomeno­logical and transcendental consideration of subjectivity.
Multi-modal argumentation in the era of words privilege
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Karpov Gleb V.
Published: November 2023

The article investigates the problem of the existence of the so-called multi-modal argu­ments – persuasive structures, where, along with written or spoken words, there are non-verbal elements that also perform persuasive functions. Such arguments are considered neither to be fully translatable into words, nor not to be total aliens in the argumentation studies. Along with the problem of translating the non-verbal component of a multi-modal argument, the question of their functional status in the structure of the argument is also discussed. It is proposed to consider such elements as premises, the connection of which with the conclusion is explained through the description of the mode (whether it is an action, an image or a recorded audio message) in which their propositional con­tent is actualized. It is argued that the mode of the actualization of propositional content of the argument is no less significant than the content itself. On the basis of this claim it is proposed to consider “classical” textual arguments as a form of multi-modal arguments.
Semirationalist Tendencies in Catholic Theology in the First Half of the 19th Century
Authors:   St. Cyril and Methodius Institute for Postgraduate Studies, Pilipenko Evgeny Anatolyevich
Published: November 2023

At the onset of the 19th century, a demand for a renewal of thinking forms in Western Christian theology emerged with great clarity. This was primarily due to the intensification of emancipation and secularisation processes in society and the humanities, and the emergence of major, highly influential systems of philosophy that directly addressed questions of religious knowledge and doctrine. This challenge has been especially problematic and painful for Catholicism, whose conservative epistemology attaches great importance to the continuity of Church teaching and tradition. This article highlights the context and some striking episodes of this transitional situation on the example of attempts to adapt elements of Kantian criticism and other emerging philosophical-rationalist paradigms and categories to Catholic thought made by the important German-speaking dogmatists of the time, Georg Hermes and Anton Günther. The author explains why their ideas and schools formed around them (Hermesianism and Güntherianism) were attributed to the Semirationalism and officially declared heterodox, and demonstrates their ideological and epistemic affinity. Particular attention in the article is paid to the critical method of “positive doubt” and the principles of empirical-psychological epistemology, addressed to the data of human consciousness. Special section is devoted to a detailed analytical demonstration of the application of these approaches within the framework of the philosophical-dogmatic reflection of the properties of God in the main works of Hermes. The author concludes that in spite of controversy and failure at a particular historical stage, the speculative and methodological insights of Hermesianism and Güntherianism had a constructive for their time apologetic significance and somehow endured reception in Catholicism, contributing to the formation of the modern Gestalt of theology as a scientific discipline.
Theoretical analysis of nonlinear dynamic behaviors of an articulated hoop truss antenna with 3:1 internal resonance
Authors: Fang Bo , WANG Yilong , Wu Yi , Han Jae-Hung , Cao Dengqing
Published: November 2023

The dynamic behaviors of large-scale hoop truss antennas (HTAs) are significantly influenced by the nonlinear torque transmission properties of flexible hinges. Due to the nonlinearity of hinge, the HTR can be easily excited to exhibit internal resonances that result in the energy exchanging between the adjacent two or three modes. This paper focuses on the 3:1 internal resonant response of an articulated HTR induced by the nonlinearity of hinge. The analytical modes are obtained by using the global mode method (GMM), and are validated by finite element method (FEM). Then the partial differential equations (PDEs) of planar motions are discretized into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by Galerkin’s technique. The multiple time scale method is employed to obtain the four-dimensional modulation equations of HTA with primary and 3:1 internal resonance. By using Newton-Raphson iteration and pseudo arclength continuation, frequency-response and force-response curves are obtained to investigate the theoretical steady-state vibrations of HTA. Moreover, the influence of the cubic spring stiffness, damping, and external excitation amplitude on the system’s nonlinear dynamic behaviors are investigated. The numerical simulation reveals that the articulated multi-beam hoop structure exhibits typical nonlinear phenomena such as hardening-spring type characteristic, jumps, bi-stability and double peaks. The research findings contribute to the development of a comprehensive framework for analyzing internal resonances in a class of hinge-connected flexible structures.
Performance Evaluation of Hydrotalcite Catalyst Synthesized using Coconut Shell Templates for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Moffit Mohamed Afiq Mohamed , Suja' Fatihah , Anuar Mohd Razealy
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Coconut shell has been used as an organic template for the synthesis of hydrotalcite catalyst. The performance of this catalyst was to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil has been compared with the hydrotalcite catalyst which was synthesized using saccharose as template.
Method
Hydrotalcite was synthesized via combustion method with coconut shell and saccharose as template. The two main variables of the study are the catalyst organic template and the catalyst calcination temperature. Hydrotalcite was calcined at various temperatures, namely 550 ℃, 650 ℃ and 750 ℃ respectively. Biodiesel was produced via transesterification.
Result
It was found that hydrotalcite synthesized using coconut shell as template which calcined at a temperature of 650 ℃ produced a biodiesel yield of up to 93.25%, which is higher than hydrotalcite using saccharose as an organic template (74.14%).
Conclusion
Studies show that agricultural waste can serve as a better organic template in the synthesis of hydrotalcite which resulted in more biodiesel yield in transesterification reaction.
Corneal confocal microscopy may help to distinguish Multiple System Atrophy from Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Xu Chuanying , Niu Xuebin , Yin Peixiao , Guan Chenyang , Shao Qiuyue , Cui Guiyun , Zan Kun
Published: November 2023

Background Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have clinical overlapping symptoms, which makes differential diagnosis difficult. Our research aimed to distinguish MSA from PD using corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), a noninvasive and objective test.
Methods The study included 63 PD patients, 30 MSA patients, and 31 healthy controls (HC). When recruiting PD and MSA, questionnaires were conducted on motor and non-motor functions, such as autonomic and cognitive functions. Participants underwent CCM to quantify the corneal nerve fibers.
Results Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) values in MSA are lower than PD (MSA vs. PD: CNFD, 20.68±6.70 vs. 24.64±6.43 no./mm2, p < 0.05; CNFL, 12.01±3.25 vs. 14.17±3.52 no./mm2, p < 0.05). Additionally, there is a negative correlation between CNFD and the Orthostatic Grading Scale (OGS), the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale Ⅰ and Ⅱ (OGS, r = -0.284, p = 0.007; UMSARS- I/II, r = -0.391, p = 0.044; r = -0.382, p = 0.049 ). CNFD and CNFL were inversely associated with MSA risk (CNFD: B = -0.071; OR, 0.932; 95% CI, 0.872 ~ 0.996; p = 0.038; CNFL: B = -0.135; OR, 0.874; 95% CI, 0.768 ~ 0.994; p = 0.040). Furthermore, we found the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of CNFL was the largest, 72.01%.
Conclusions The CCM could be an objective and sensitive biomarker to distinguish MSA from PD. It visually reflects that the degree of degeneration in MSA is more severe compared to PD.
Hip muscle size and density are associated with trochanteric fractures of elderly women
Authors: Huang Pengju , Ge Yufeng , Yu Aihong , Liu Yandong , Geng Jian , Zhang Wei , Liang Wei , Wu Xinbao , Wang Ling , Cheng Xiaoguang
Published: November 2023

Purpose We aimed to investigate the differences in hip muscle area and density between older patients with femoral neck (FNF) and trochanteric fractures (TRF).
Methods A total of 554 older women patients were enrolled, including 314 FNF (77.02 ± 7.15 years) and 240 TRF (79.70 ± 6.91 years) for the comparisons. The area and density of the gluteus medius and minimus muscle (G.Med/MinM) and the gluteus maximus muscle (G.MaxM) were measured by CT. Total hip (TH) areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and femoral neck aBMD (FNaBMD) were measured by quantitative CT. A cutoff of 80 years was used to stratify the cohort and to further explore the age-specific relationship.
Results For the total subjects, all these muscle parameters were higher in the FNF group than in the TRF group (p < 0.001). The muscle parameters except for the G.Med/MinM density were significantly correlated with hip fracture typing after adjustment for age, BMI, and THaBMD. In the age ≧ 80 group, no statistically significant correlation was found between all hip muscle parameters and fracture types. In contrast, in the age < 80 group, interestingly, after adjustment of age, BMI, and THaBMD, the associations between G.MaxM density, G.MaxM area, G.Med/MinM density, and G.Med/MinM area and fracture type were all statistically significant.
Conclusions Our results indicate that in older women, especially under 80 years of age, gluteus muscle parameters are related to trochanteric fractures.
Identification of the Campanian Ignimbrite in the Dead Sea and consequent time-transgressive hydroclimatic shifts in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Kearney Rebecca J. , Schwab Markus J. , Redant Daniel , Neugebauer Ina , Appelt Oona , Blanchet Cecile , Fietzke Jan , Günter Christina , Müller Daniela J.M. , Tjallingii Rik , Brauer Achim
Published: November 2023

Robust chronologies and time equivalent tephra markers are essential to better understand spatial palaeoenvironmental response to past abrupt climatic changes. Identification of well-dated and widely dispersed volcanic ash by tephra and cryptotephra (microscopic volcanic ash) provide time synchronous tie-points and strongly reduce chronological uncertainties. Here, we present the major, minor and trace element analyses of cryptotephra shards in the Dead Sea Deep Drilling sedimentary record (DSDDP 5017-1A) matching the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI). This geochemical identification expands the know dispersal range of the CI to the southeastern Mediterranean, over 2,300 km from the volcanic source. Due to the CI eruption occurring near-synchronous with North Atlantic ice surge of Heinrich Event 4 (HE4), this tephra provides insights into regional responses to large-scale climatic change in the Mediterranean. In the Dead Sea, the CI layer is associated with wetter climatic conditions. This contrasts with the contemporaneous occurrence of the CI deposition and dry conditions in the northern and western Mediterranean suggesting a possible climate time-transgressive expansion of HE4. Our finding underscores the temporal and spatial complexity of regional climate responses and emphasises the importance of tephra as a time marker for studying large-scale climatic changes verses regional variations.
Evolution of self-healing performance of UHPC exposed to aggressive environments and cracking/healing cycles
Authors: Xi Bin , Ferrara Liberato
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the resilience of UHPC's self-healing capabilities under aggressive environmental conditions and cracking/healing cycles. UHPC specimens ‘with a double-edged wedge splitting geometry were made, incorporating a commercial crystalline admixture (Penetron Admix®). The evaluation of UHPC's healing capacity involved subjecting pre-cracked samples to three different water immersion conditions: tap water, saltwater, and geothermal water. The closure of cracks during different curing periods was meticulously recorded using optical microscopy. Furthermore, specialized tests, including ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) measurements and splitting tensile tests, were conducted to quantify the recovery of mechanical properties. The results reveal that extended exposure results in a gradual closure of cracks, where salt water and geothermal water exhibit lower self-healing capabilities. Self-healing improves after the 1st crack/self-healing cycle but decline rapidly after the 2nd cycle. Mechanical property is strongly correlated with the extent of self-healing, and all samples display varying degrees of stiffness recovery, with the most pronounced recovery occurring after the 1st cycle. However, following the 2nd cycle, the stiffness recovery values decrease due to repeated loading, resulting in increased damage and a reduced number of reactive particles, thereby compromising self-healing and stiffness recovery. Despite enduring multiple instances of crack damage, UHPC samples still exhibit notable toughness recovery, underscoring the enduring efficacy of the self-healing mechanism even in challenging conditions.
Comparing the Large Channel Endoscopic and Systems with Full Endoscopic Visualization Technique inter laminar approach for single- segment disc herniation on neurological function: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lu Qi , Sun MaJi , Wang YaLei , Song Ting , Ma YiMing , Yuan Feng , Chen Hongliang
Published: November 2023

Objective
Comparison of the iLESSYS Delta with the Endo-Surgi Plus for PEID treatment of L5-S1LDH on neurological function.
Methods
In the period from August 2021 to August 2022, 80 patients with LDH in the L5-S1 segment were treated with PEID using the iLESSYS Delta system or the Endo-Surgi Plus system in combination with INOM and cervical EP monitoring. Patients were classified into two groups based on the endoscopy system employed. Of these,37patients were included in the Delta group and 43 patients in the Plus group.Patient demographics, perioperative indicators, IONM indicators, intraoperative EP and complications were analysed.Clinical outcomes were quantified using back and leg visual analog scale(VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) and Japanese orthopaedic association(JOA) scores at the time points of follow-up.Patient satisfaction was assessed at the final follow-up according to the modified MacNab criteria.
Results
In the Plus group, the duration of surgery and the number of arthroplasties were less than those in the Delta group, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The rates of abnormal IONM indicators,cervical EP at the end of surgery and maximum intraoperative EP in the Plus group were less than those in the Delta group, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Compared to the preoperative period, the VAS score, ODI and JOA scores improved in both groups at all follow-up time points, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001); The differences in pain VAS scores, ODI and JOA scores were not statistically significant when comparing the two groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Both the iLESSYS Delta and Endo-Surgi Plus surgical systems achieve satisfactory early clinical results in the treatment of LDH with the Endo-Surgi Plus surgical shaping being more efficient, with less intraoperative impact on neurological function and safer.
Quantitative Phase Imaging with a Compact Meta- microscope
Authors: Wang Junyi , Yu Rongtao , Ye Xin , Sun Jiacheng , Li Jian , Huang Chunyu , Xiao Xingjian , Ji Jitao , Shen Wenjing , Tie Zuoxiu , Chen Chen , Zhu Shining , Li Tao
Published: November 2023

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) based on the transport-of-intensity equation (TIE) is a powerful technique in label-free microscopy. The image stack required for a successful TIE-QPI is traditionally obtained by translating the object or image plane, and the optical elements used in the conventional TIE-QPI systems are usually bulky and cumbersome. Stable and compact TIE-QPI methods capable of non-motion optical zooming can significantly facilitate applications that demand portability. Here, we propose a non-motion TIE-QPI method based on a dispersive metalens. The dispersive nature of the metalens is utilized to provide a spectral focal tuning. With fixed object and image planes, seven through-focus intensity images are captured by changing the illumination wavelength. The QPI performance is validated by retrieving the surface phase profiles of a microlens array and a phase resolution target, showing a high phase detection accuracy (deviation less than 0.03 wavelength). Subsequently, we established a compact meta-microscope by integrating the metalens with a commercially available CMOS image sensor, which shows good performance in microscopic imaging of unstained bio-samples. Our approach, based on the large-dispersive metalens, facilitates a compact and robust QPI system for optical metrology and label-free microscopy.
The acceptability of a Breast Milk Bank and Donated Human Milk among mothers in Philadelphia Hospital in Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province
Authors: Mampane Tebogo Lydia , Wolvaardt Jacqueline Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Background
A human breast milk bank (HBMB) is a service that recruits breast milk donors, collects, pasteurizes, and stores donor milk, tests the milk for bacterial contamination, and distributes donor milk to recipient infants and families. When a mother’s milk is unavailable, alternative enteral nutrition for preterm or low birth weight is either donor human breast milk (DHBM) or artificial formula. This study aimed to understand the acceptance of the HBMB and DHBM among mothers.
Methodology
A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted at Philadelphia Hospital, Limpopo. The study used purposive sampling to select twenty-three mothers in postnatal and neonatal wards. Data collection was via in-depth structured interviews. Manual data analysis used an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) framework to generate themes.
Results
Seven themes were generated: 1) Awareness of breast milk bank, 2) Passing of illness, 3) Bonding, 4) Lack of trust, 5) Positive impact of donor milk, 6) Making too much breast milk and 7) Assisting others. Participants were unaware of the HBMB and had some misconceptions about the use of DHBM. Participants had conditions about accepting DHBM due to fear of contracting HIV. Cultural beliefs were an influencing factor for use, while donation was driven by altruistic reasons such as preventing waste, helping others, and having previously benefited from DHBM.
Conclusion
Although participants were not aware of the existence of the bank before admission, they were willing to donate. Concerns regarding the safety of DHBM related to HIV affecting milk donation need to be anticipated and planned for in any HBMB programme.
Prevalence of tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth related to different Thai cleft lip and cleft palate populations
Authors: Aung Wai Phyo , Pungchanchaikul Patimaporn , Pisek Araya , Bloch-Zupan Agnès , Morkmued Supawich
Published: November 2023

Background
Pattern of dental anomalies encountered in cleft patients shows subtle signs of genetic involvement. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth in Thai cleft population according to the cleft type.
Methods
Data collected from patients with cleft lip and palate, who had been treated at Tawanchai Cleft Center, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, available during year 2012–2022, were investigated. Records from 194 patients with non-syndromic clefts met the inclusion criteria. Standard dental records, and at least either orthopantomogram (OPG) or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), were examined. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and binominal test (p ≤ 0.05).
Results
Prevalence of tooth agenesis was higher (77.3%) than that of supernumerary teeth (5.7%) and was more common in bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) (88.1%) than in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) (72.6%) (p = 0.017). The upper lateral incisor was more frequently affected (46.4%), followed by the upper second premolar. The number of missing teeth observed on the left side was significantly higher. Patients with left UCLP (ULCLP) had the highest prevalence of tooth agenesis. A total of 41 tooth agenesis code (TAC) patterns was found. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was comparable with 6.6% of ULCLP, 5.1% of BCLP, and 4.5% of URCLP. Tooth-number anomalies were observed more often in the BCLP and were most likely to occur on the left side of the maxilla. Both types of anomalies could be featured in a small proportion of cleft patients.
Conclusions
More than half of the patients with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in this study, presented with tooth-number anomalies. Tooth agenesis was approximately 10-time more prevalent than supernumerary teeth. Tooth agenesis was likely to appear on the left-side of the maxilla regardless of the laterality of the cleft.
Deep Learning-Based Prediction of CME-Driven Shock Standoff Distances in Metric Type II Radio Emissions
Authors: Kyeremateng Kwabena , Hamada Amr , Elsaid Ahmed , Mahrous Ayman
Published: November 2023

Type II radio emissions are events followed by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and accelerated by the CME-driven shock in the heliosphere. This study reports on an estimate of CME-shock standoff distance at the commencement of metric type II radio emissions by combining the CME- deprojected speed and spectra features of the radio bursts using a robust TensorFlow Deep- Learning Sequential (TFDLS) technique. The data set of CMEs at the commencement of type II radio burst was used between Solar cycle 24 and the ascending phase of Solar Cycle 25. The measured root mean squared error (RMSE) was 0.145 (Rs), with an average height difference of 0.096 Rs between the observed and predicted CME-shock height. Five (5) CMEs/radio bursts energetic events associated with solar flare were selected from the test data and forecasted the CME shock stand-off heights using the TFDLS and the flare-onset (FL) method. The data were used to compare the Leading-edge (LE) and Dynamic Spectra (DS) methods. The RMSE measured between the FL and LE was 0.35 Rs, and the RMSE estimated between the TFDLS and LE approach was 0.04 Rs. The RMSE between the FL and DS was 0.34 Rs, and the RMSE between the TFDLS and the DS was 0.04 Rs. We also used the findings gained from the five selected events and compared them to the 3D shock-fitting (3D-SF) approach. The RMSE found between the TFDLS and the 3D-SF was 0.18 Rs, while the RMSE estimated between the FL and the 3D-SF was 0.23 Rs. This shows that the TFDLS has solid performance.
Prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis among pregnant women in northern Senegal
Authors: Ndiour Coumba Nar , Senghor Bruno , Thiam Ousmane , Niang Souleymane , Wotodjo Amélé Nyedzie , Faye Babacar Thiendella , Ndiaye Ndeye Amy , Sow Omar , Sylla Khadime , Ndiaye Magatte , Gaye Oumar , Faye Babacar , Sokhna Cheikh , Doucouré Souleymane , Sow Doudou
Published: November 2023

Background
Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern worldwide. It is responsible for more than 240 million cases in 78 countries, 40 million of whom are women of childbearing age. In the Senegal River basin, both Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni are very prevalent in school-age children. However, there is a lack of information on burden of schistosomiasis in pregnant women, which can cause complications for the pregnancy outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with infection in pregnant women.
Methods
We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the health center of the Senegalese sugar company and at the hospital of Richard Toll between August and December 2021. The urine and stool samples collected were examined using microscopy techniques and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect the presence of S. haematobium and S. mansoni. Urine were previously tested using urine reagent strips to detect hematuria and proteinuria. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological data were collected from each participant. The data were analyzed using logistic regression model.
Results
Among the 298 women examined for the infection by microscopic, 65 (21.81%) were infected with urogenital schistosomiasis, 10 (3.36%) with intestinal schistosomiasis and 4 (1.34%) were co-infected with both types of schistosomiasis. Out of the 288 samples tested by qPCR, 146 (48.99%) were positive for S. haematobium, 49 (35.51%) for S. mansoni and 22 (15.94%) for both species (co-infection). Schistosomiasis was significantly associated with the presence of blood and the protein on strips (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
This study has revealed a high prevalence of schistosomiasis in pregnant women in Senegal. The qPCR allowed us to detect more cases compared to the microscopy. There is a need to conduct more studies to understand the real burden of the disease and to set up a surveillance system to prevent pregnancy-related complications.
Adverse Effects of Remdesivir for the Treatment of Acute COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Schulz Abigail , Huynh Natalie , Heger Margaret , Bakir Mustafa
Published: November 2023

Background: Although the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) tends to be lower in children, it can still lead to severe illness, particularly among those with chronic medical conditions. Remdesivir (RDV) is the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral treatment for high-risk patients >28 days old. However, the available data on the safety of RDV in children is limited.
Methods: To address this knowledge gap, a multicenter study involving 65 patients retrospectively analyzed the clinical data from individuals aged <18 who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 and received at least one dose of RDV. Additionally, the study encompassed 22 patients with mild-moderate COVID-19 who were considered at high risk of developing severe disease.
Results: 19 children (29%) experienced mild-to-moderate adverse events (AEs) attributed to RDV, including transaminitis in 20% of children, bradycardia in 8%, and hypotension in 5%. AEs did not require discontinuation of RDV, except in one patient who developed premature ventricular contractions. The rate of AEs did not differ between patients with severe COVID-19 and those with mild-moderate COVID-19 but at high risk for severe disease. All but one patient were discharged within 23 days of admission, and no fatalities were recorded. Among high-risk patients with mild-moderate disease, only 2 (9%) progressed to the point of needing supplemental oxygen.
Conclusions: Our data suggests that RDV is safe in children, with no reported serious AEs. However, the absence of a control group limits the extent to which conclusions can be drawn. RDV may contribute to clinical improvement, particularly in high-risk patients.
Double-Fourier engineering of Josephson energy-phase relationships applied to diodes
Authors: Bozkurt A. Mert , Brookman Jasper , Fatemi Valla , Akhmerov Anton R.
Published: November 2023

We present a systematic method to design arbitrary energy-phase relations using parallel arms of two series Josephson tunnel junctions each. Our approach employs Fourier engineering in the energy-phase relation of each arm and the position of the arms in real space. We demonstrate our method by engineering the energy-phase relation of a near-ideal superconducting diode, which we find to be robust against the imperfections in the design parameters. Finally, we show the versatility of our approach by designing various other energy-phase relations.
Interpolating between the gauge and Schrödinger pictures of quantum dynamics
Authors: Guha Roy Sayak , Slagle Kevin
Published: November 2023

Although spatial locality is explicit in the Heisenberg picture of quantum dynamics, spatial locality is not explicit in the Schrödinger picture equations of motion. The gauge picture is a modification of Schrödinger’s picture such that locality is explicit in the equations of motion. In order to achieve this explicit locality, the gauge picture utilizes (1) a distinct wavefunction associated with each patch of space, and (2) time-dependent unitary connections to relate the Hilbert spaces associated with nearby patches. In this work, we show that by adding an additional spatially-local term to the gauge picture equations of motion, we can effectively interpolate between the gauge and Schrödinger pictures, such that when this additional term has a large coefficient, all of the gauge picture wavefunctions approach the Schrödginer picture wavefunction (and the connections approach the identity).
Group invariants for Feynman diagrams
Authors: Huet Idrish , Rausch de Traubenberg Michel , Schubert Christian
Published: November 2023

It is well-known that the symmetry group of a Feynman diagram can give important information on possible strategies for its evaluation, and the mathematical objects that will be involved. Motivated by ongoing work on multi-loop multi-photon amplitudes in quantum electrodynamics, here I will discuss the usefulness of introducing a polynomial basis of invariants of the symmetry group of a diagram in Feynman-Schwinger parameter space.
The effect of insomnia correction on the duration and severity of headaches
Authors: Tkachenko V. D. , Makarov S. A. , Korabelnikova E. A.
Published: November 2023

Introduction. Chronic tension headache and insomnia are a common mutually aggravating pathology. Drugs used to treat these nosologies most often worsen the course of the concomitant disease.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of insomnia correction on the intensity and frequency of headaches

Materials and methods. The study involved 27 patients (25 women, 2 men) with chronic tension-type headache and sleep disorders. The median age was 43 ± 14.8 years. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the clinical group was divided into 2 subgroups. The first group was treated with venlafaxine and doxylamine, the patients of the second group received only venlafaxine treatment. The assessment was carried out before the start of treatment and 8 weeks after, using visual analogue scales for headache, sleep, health status, assessing the severity of insomnia using the Morin scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), assessing the emotional state using the Sheehan anxiety and Beck depression scales and polysomnography.

Results. In subgroup 1, which received correction of insomnia, there was a significant decrease in the number of days with headache (from 20 to 10, p = 0.002), pain intensity according to VAS (from 7 to 6, p = 0.01) and VAS sleep (from 6 to 4 points, p = 0.003). In the group without correction of insomnia, the number of days with headaches significantly decreased (from 15 to 12, p = 0.01), changes in the severity of headache according to VAS (from 7.5 to 6, p = 0.13) and sleep quality (from 6 to 7.5, p = 0.38) did not have a statistically significant difference. According to the results of polysomnography, patients who received correction of insomnia had an increase in the duration of slow-wave sleep by 12 minutes (p = 0.02), while in patients from the second subgroup by 4 minutes (p = 0.68).

Conclusions. The use of a combination of venlafaxine and doxylamine in the first stages of treatment of patients with chronic tension-type headache and insomnia has an advantage over standard therapy. Combination therapy can reduce the intensity and frequency of headaches and improve sleep quality.
Treatment options for situational anxiety in the neurology physician practice
Authors: Kadyrova L. R. , Gubeev B. Е. , Rakhmatullina E. F.
Published: November 2023

Recent decades have been characterized by high stress levels, which inevitably leads to neuroticism and psychopathization of the population. Emotional stress and the anxiety that follows it can be the cause and provocateur of some pathological processes and diseases. Unlike normal anxiety, intended to adapt the body, protect it and preserve life, pathological anxiety is inadequate to the intensity of the threat, is long-lasting, severe, and disrupts the quality of a person’s life and his activities. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis caused by stress leads to the development of psycho-vegetative syndrome – a complex of somatic, vegetative, and mental symptoms. However, in clinical practice, doctors usually encounter the fact that the patient more often presents various multisystem somatic complaints, ignoring emotional experiences. Undiagnosed anxiety can lead to chronicity or relapse of the disease, the prescription of only symptomatic therapy and aggravation of the course of the missed anxiety disorder. For a doctor to qualitatively assess the clinical picture, it is necessary to understand the structure of autonomic dysfunction in various systems and “recognize” the manifestations of anxiety. Managing such patients, especially comorbid ones, is a complex task, the solution of which will be most effective through joint efforts with psychiatrists and psychotherapists. Psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, art therapy, music therapy, medications are an integral part of the therapy for this category of patients. Psychotropic drugs can reduce both anxiety and vegetative symptoms. For subclinical anxiety disorder with somatic manifestations, herbal sedatives or drugs based on them are used in outpatient practice, which have a favorable safety profile with sufficient effectiveness. The drug of choice may be Valocordin, which has sedative, antispasmodic, and hypnotic effects, which corresponds to the goals of treating psychovegetative syndrome.
Features of the clinical course of neurodegenerative brain disease caused by mutations in the neurophacitis and succinate dehydrogenase gene: clinical case
Authors: Tkachuk E. A. , Astakhova T. A. , Rychkova L. V. , Bugun O. V.
Published: November 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases of the brain pose a serious challenge in diagnosis and treatment. Of particular interest are diseases caused by complex mutations, the clinical picture of which is ambiguous. The article presents a description of a clinical case of a neurodegenerative disease of the brain with symmetrical damage to the cerebellar hemispheres in the projection of the dentate nuclei, in the region of the superior and middle cerebellar peduncles, in the region of the midbrain tegmentum, along the corticospinal tracts, in the subcortical sections of the frontoparietal regions of the brain. It has been shown that these clinical manifestations are caused by the formation of small foci of demyelination in the white matter of the brain. The cause of the disease was revealed to be a deficiency of mitochondrial complex II, nuclear type 4, which is caused by mutations in the NFASC (encoding neurofascin) and SDHB (encoding succinate dehydrogenase) genes. The leading clinical manifestations in this case were motor disorders in the form of persistent bilateral ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, optic disc atrophy, retinal pigmentary degeneration, subcortical dysarthria, sensorineural hearing loss, and cognitive impairment. However, the clinical picture of this disease developed latently for a long time, which made its diagnosis difficult. The reason for this was a complex genetic defect including mutations in the neurofasciitis and succinate dehydrogenase gene. The paper provides a discussion of currently known effective methods of treating the disease.