bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Hermansson Casie E.
Published: September 2019

Two important questions dominate adaptation studies: ‘How has a given adaptation rewritten its sourcetext? Why has it chosen to select and rewrite the sourcetext as it has?’ (Leitch 2007: 332). Examining those questions with respect to screen adaptations of children’s metafictions reveals a highly charged and unique intersection of three fields: children’s literature, specifically metafiction (self-reflexive fiction); children’s film; and transmedial adaptation of meta-referential works....
Issues in Adapting Children’s Metafiction to Film
Authors: Hermansson Casie E.
Published: September 2019

This chapter defines and discusses the genre of children’s film, situating the genre within its plural contexts, many of which are shared with children’s literature (dual audience, paradoxes between actual children and the child constructed by the work, anxiety about what youth view, visual literacy and ‘new’ media, and for adaptations, their pedagogical value in teaching literary source texts). The remainder of the chapter focuses on adaptation issues specific to children’s metafiction in screen adaptation, such as fidelity expectations, the paradox of medium-specific equivalence in this case, and the issue of intermedial tensions. The chapter introduces the idea of an ‘interpretant’ (from Michael Riffaterre) for reading the particular stance of these films as adaptations with respect to their source text and to the medium of literature. The ‘interpretant’ is an expression of the adaptation’s ideology – its governing principles and priorities in adapting the metafictional source.
Children’s Metafilm
Authors: Hermansson Casie E.
Published: September 2019

This chapter shifts attention to examples and techniques of children’s metafilm, to show how the ‘meta’ level works on film and the many techniques such films effectively employ for youth audiences. This chapter describes major types of children’s metafilms and a ‘grammar’ of select self-reflexive devices to generate metalepsis, using examples both from adaptations and otherwise. This chapter discusses metafilm as both medium-specific equivalence of metafiction, and as a paradoxical equivalence as it replaces the medium in the mirror for another.
The chapter concludes with a close comparative study of Inkheart and of The Spiderwick Chronicles focusing on both narratives’ character development from reader to author in the source texts and how this is represented in their metafilmic adaptations.
Introduction
Authors: Bayman Louis , Pinazza Natália
Published: September 2019

The editors of the volume underline the rationale for the collection via the diversity and centrality of journey narratives to cinema. After tracing a history of the importance of mobility to the development of both film and film studies, the chapter considers how journeys can be treated as an element of formal innovation, narrative structure and as an ethical issue. This is then used to understand the relationship of film to modernity, globalisation, nationhood and transnationalism. This importance is then applied to an outline of the subsequent chapters and the structure of the rest of the book.
The Holocaust and the Cinematic Landscapes of Postmemory in Lithuania, Hungary and Ukraine
Authors: Cinquegrani Maurizio
Published: September 2019

This chapter charts the cinematic itineraries and maps the sites of memory, or the lieux de mémoire, of the Holocaust in Eastern Europe by means of a discussion of three main case studies, the documentaries My Grandfather’s House: The Journey Home, Divan and Shoah par balles: L’histoire oubliée. This investigation is based on spaces associated both with collective histories of the destruction of the Jews at the hands of the Nazis and their collaborators and with the familial connections to the places where the Jews lived before the Holocaust. The main focus is on the process of transmission of trauma from those who witnessed the events to that postgeneration for which the traumatic occurrences that preceded their births appear to have become memories in their own right.
Sic transit: The Serial Killer Road Movie
Authors: Bayman Louis
Published: September 2019

This chapter considers the serial killer road movie through a comparison of Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer (USA, 1987) and Sightseers (UK, 2012). After outlining the importance of mobility in conceptualizing the serial killer, it establishes the historical specificity of the serial killer road movie as an anti-humanist inversion of the road movie belonging to late capitalist society. The chapter seeks to show how the combination of serial killer and road joins two modern mythologies, understood here within the different contexts of American independent cinema and British comedy. The chapter considers how mobility characterizes the killers in both films as radically other, yet expressive of something essential to the place from which they emerge. Considering respectively the importance of the post-industrial decay of Henry and the eccentricity of British manners in Sightseers, the chapter outlines the different meanings of the road in British as opposed to US culture, and the special narrational position of remove that cinematic mobility can produce.
Introductory
Authors: Pomerance Murray
Published: September 2019

Criticism is always that: an eternal return to a fundamental pleasure.

Serge Daney

“We awaked from sweet repose after the luscious fatigues of the night. I got up between nine and ten and walked out till Louise should rise. I patrolled up and down Fleet Street, thinking on London, the seat of Parliament and the seat of pleasure.” So, on Thursday, 13 January 1763, rhapsodized James Boswell in his London diary (140), reflecting upon a night of amorous encounter—one of his first—and his prospects and hopes of achieving some position of consequence either in the army or in government. Here was a man making his way in the world and finding its stimulations and treasuring and reflecting back upon them, as through his days he lived out the ...
Walk on the Wild Side
Authors: Pomerance Murray
Published: September 2019

This chapter considers various cinematic deployments of the stroll, promenade, and walkabout to consider how characters walk through their narratives, as well as if and how the cinematic camera walks with them. It examines how the practice of finding leisure in strolling, linked to the nineteenth century flâneur, gives shape, boundary, and social meaning to the organized act of walking. A reading of Gus Van Sant’s Gerry (2002), in which mobility is linked to peril and mortality, is contrasted to a moment in Vertigo, in which characters stroll through sublimely pleasurable surroundings for the sake of the act itself, one which provides unique respite from the bleakness and hopelessness that otherwise largely engulfs the film.
Intermezzo: Show Me Again
Authors: Pomerance Murray
Published: September 2019

An Intermezzo opens exploration of the “multiplied narrative,” a form traceable back at least to William Hogarth, in which depictions or accounts are matched with one or more successive others in a work, the narrative position changing and our view of the diegetic events shifting in accompaniment. The discussion here ranges from Marriage a la Mode to Kurosawa’s Rashomon (1950) to Dutch flower painting to Joseph L Mankiewicz’s The Barefoot Contessa (1954), a pair of sequences from which are analysed in great detail. This chapter explores the pleasure of narrative accumulation, a process of layering in which delight derives from witnessing as, in some deeply rooted and poetic sense, many stories become one.
A Million Things
Authors: Pomerance Murray
Published: September 2019

This chapter provides a substantial consideration of Olivier Assayas’ Clouds of Sils Maria (2014) and Personal Shopper (2016) to explore the problem of cinema’s relation to time and our own temporal movement through existence, including the experience of watching a film. The difficulties of maturing, the challenges of relationship between persons of different ages, and the idea of a Life Voyage all bring light upon a significant history of travel and its foundational aspect for thinking about these films. This chapter moves back in history to examine the voyages of Captain James Cook as exemplary of the conceptual problem of exploration. In Clouds of Sils Maria, two “navigators” are divided temporally, and exoticism is invoked because of movement across that division. In Personal Shopper, the protagonist’s sensitivity has made her into a phantom wanderer.
Rhapsody in Green
Authors: Pomerance Murray
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the presence of the color green in several films, notably Call Me by Your Name (2017) and The Boy with Green Hair (1948), to suggest how, of all colors, green has a special—transparent and provoking—capacity to come alive in the temple of thought. It is argued here that cinematic green, with its immediate and uncultured presence, often states its force without direction or signification, existing before, or even in place, of any symbolic meaning. A central example of green grass in a sequence from Antonioni’s Blow-Up (1966) is conceptually linked to the color’s presence in the paintings of Jan van Eyck, suggesting color in cinema, as elsewhere, affects us, palpably and directly, in and of itself—not because of what it signifies, but because of what it is.
Introduction
Authors: Lau Dorothy Wai Sim
Published: September 2019

This introductory chapter delineates the picture of stardom in participatory cyberspace, epitomised by Web 2.0. It then concentrates on Chinese icons who have established their status in cinema and have transited to the Web, exploring the changing mode of star-making. It hypothesises the cine-cyber imaginary that conceptually informs the Chineseness in the global cyber setting. It also demonstrates how user participation is adopted as new methodology of studying Chinese stardom.
Blogging Donnie Yen: remaking the martial arts body as a cyber-intertext
Authors: Lau Dorothy Wai Sim
Published: September 2019

This chapter inquires Donnie Yen’s martial arts body in blogosphere. It analyses that Yen’s kinetic body, often the focus of bloggers’ interest, is not only the corporeal entity that appears in individual films he starred in and become famous for, such as SPL: Sha Po Lang, Ip Man, and Legend of the Fist: The Return of Chen Zhen. It is also an outcome of sundry participatory forces, bridging the martial arts body to the elements in extra-diegetic settings such as Hollywood sci-fi genre, martial arts culture and hip hop culture. It, hence, appears as an intertextual phenomenon which bloggers keep reworking and renegotiating Chinese nationalism in tandem with cyber legends of Ip Man, Bruce Lee, and Chen Zhen. This chapter also pursues to discuss how the Chinese body of Yen is further questioned and complicated when users mix symbolic components drawn from Chinese or non-Chinese systems, and how the offscreen existence of Yen shows both resonance and incongruity to his screen personae complicating his martial arts image. This chapter ultimately argues that these new forms allow bloggers to revisit, represent, and contend the ethnic representation of Yen.
‘Friending’ Jet Li on Facebook: the celebrity-philanthropist persona in online social networks
Authors: Lau Dorothy Wai Sim
Published: September 2019

This chapter investigates Jet Li’s celebrity-philanthropist personality in online social networks. The discussion emphasises on a Facebook fan page named under Jet Li, presumably is run by the actor to promote not only his movie but, more noticeably, his charity The One Foundation. It argues that his charity has a slogan, ‘One Foundation, One Family,’ evoking a world community in which human compassion and decency should extend to everyone, undermining the ‘Chinese’ element and bespeak a kind of ‘world’ awareness. As this chapter pursues to explain, the star presence in the cyber-network becomes a venue for the possible philanthropic mobilisation, displaying ambivalence of the notion of Chineseness.
The Knight of the Burning Pestle and the Menace of the Audience
Authors: Angus Bill
Published: September 2019

In The Knight of the Burning Pestle, Francis Beaumont offers a satire of his dramatic working conditions and the precarious nature of his own authority in relation to that of a potentially informing audience. KBP uses its onstage audience to stage malconnections between representation and authority, and the success of its metadrama rests upon its reference to a sense of the twisted interaction between the producers and the receivers of dramatic representation. The chapter considers the ways in which these citizen auditors ‘inform’ the fictional Rafe who represents their interests. The casual inclusion of the threat of the informer in even these light entertainments forms a sinister element in these problematic connections as KBP’s metadramatic interlopers signify the intention of an all-encompassing surveillance, and operate not merely as an audience but also as proxy overseers. The result is a dramatic form which reproduces its own the material critical context, commenting not only on the interchange of dramatic levels, but also including the ubiquitous hazard of humiliating and potentially debilitating prosecution. This metadrama registers the solid contemporary fear that mistaking the author’s intention may lead not only to unkind reports but also, ultimately, to the horrors of the early modern gaol.
Conclusion: No One Is There–Ubiquity and Invisibility
Authors: Angus Bill
Published: September 2019

Being by the nature of the function shadowy figures, these ubiquitous informers rarely emerge to us as named individuals and the perception of this is also contemporary, as one writer laments in 1616: ‘No-body telleth strange newes, inuenteth lyes, disperceth libels, setteth friendes at varience, and abuseth many millions: for when a priuie search is made for the authors, no-body is found to auoch the actions.’ This figure is both interestingly authorial, and ambiguous to the point of forming a hauntingly absent presence around the texts of the period. The conclusion considers the self-perpetuating nature of this phenomenon, its contemporary effects, and its modern legacy.
Semantic and pragmatic effectsof negative markers
Authors: Alqassas Ahmad
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on the semantic and pragmatic effects associated with the various positions of negation. Particularly, presuppositional readings for negative statements follow from different structural positions of negation (higher in the TP) as opposed to the non-presuppositional interpretations associated with the lower NegP below TP. This chapter also analyses contrasts between SA maa on the one hand and laa and its variants on the other hand. These contrasts are related to scope readings, presupposition, mood and speech acts (commissive, directive, volitive, and (ir)realis). I argue that presuppositional negation is a product of the interplay between syntax and pragmatics. Specifically, I propose that presuppositional negative markers are higher in the syntactic structure. They occupy a position above the tense phrase in the clausal structure, namely NegP above TP (cf. Zanuttini 1997 for similar effects in various Romance). Pragmatically marked negation includes presuppositional negation, categorical negation and cleft-negation. The former two are in a NegP above TP, while the latter is in CP.
Summary and conclusions
Authors: Alqassas Ahmad
Published: September 2019

This chapter summarizes the central points argued for in the analyses chapters. The multi-locus analysis goes beyond the limitations of the parametric approach and can explain the rich variation and change in the syntax of negation. This multi-locus approach explains variation (and change) by looking into the interface between syntax on the one hand, and morphology and semantics on the other hand. This approach also provides a solid ground for investigating other syntactic categories such as the syntax of adverbs, subjects, tense and the left periphery. The ability to explain the syntactic behaviour of these categories (their co-occurrence restrictions, semantic ambiguities and subtle interpretational contrasts) leads to better understanding of key issues related to the syntax of subjects, the movement of adverbs and head movement of verbal and non-verbal predicates. Moreover, the multi-locus analysis of negation gives us insights into the syntactic licensing of a vital category of Negative Sensitive Items (NSIs) in Arabic. The syntactic licensing of these categories in Arabic bears on key theoretical issues in the cross-linguistic studies of negation and NSIs. Such issues include the syntactic licensing configurations for these items, their feature structure and availability of syntactic agreement with negation.
Blogging from Egypt
Authors: Pepe Teresa
Published: September 2019

Six years before the Egyptian revolution of January 2011, many young Egyptians had resorted to blogging as a means of self-expression and literary creativity. Some of these bloggers have not only received big popularity within the online community, but have also attracted the interest of independent and mainstream publishing houses, and have made their way into the Arab cultural field.
Previous research on the impact of the Internet in the Middle East has been dominated by a focus on politics and the public sphere, while its influence on cultural domains remains very little explored. Blogging From Egypt aims at filling this gap by exploring young Egyptians’ blogs as forms of digital literature. It studies a corpus of 40 personal blogs written and distributed online between 2005 and 2016, combining literary analysis with interviews with the authors. The study reveals that the experimentation with blogging resulted in the emergence of a new literary genre: the autofictional blog. The book explores the aesthetic features of this genre, as well as its relation to the events of the “Arab Spring”. Finally, it discusses how blogs have evolved in the last years after 2011 and what is left of the blog in Arabic literary production. The book includes original extracts and translation from blogs, made available for the first time to an English-speaking audience.
Introduction: Egyptian Blogs between Fiction and Autobiography
Authors: Pepe Teresa
Published: September 2019

This chapter presents the main topic of the study and the theoretical and methodological framework used in the book. First, it argues that, so far, the debate concerning blogs has tended to consider them as forms of diary, i.e. non-fiction while few scholars have looked at blogs as a new literary genre. In the Arab world, blogs have mainly been studied as tools for political activism, while some attention has been given to blogs turned into books. Therefore, the theory of ‘autofiction’ is introduced as a possible interpretative framework to understand the literary features of some blogs. Focusing on Arabic literature, the chapter shows that that although the term ‘autofiction’ was coined in France in 1970s, the practice of fictionalizing the self has a long tradition in Arabic literature. Finally, since Internet literature is a relatively new field of research, the chapter briefly illustrates the methodology and challenges adopted in this study, and in particular: the selection of primary sources; the benefits of combining close reading with interviews, and the researcher’s ethical stances concerning Internet material and interviews in time of a popular revolution and military censorship.
Arabic Literature Goes Digital
Authors: Pepe Teresa
Published: September 2019

This chapter provides the historical context in which Egyptian blogs appeared. Drawing on ethnographic research on the Internet and in the Egyptian literary sphere, it shows that the introduction of Internet tools in the Arab world was soon accompanied by the emergence of numerous platforms for distributing and discussing Arabic literature, such as forums, literary websites, online publishing houses, the Internet Arab Writers Union, and so on. This atmosphere was conducive to the adoption of blogs as a platform for literary experimentation in Egypt. The chapter then focuses on blogging in the Arab world and in particular in Egypt, providing a short history of its development. It also addresses how Internet media have affected Arabic literature as a tool for publishing and distribution, as in the case of book-blogs.
Family
Authors: Macaraig Nina
Published: September 2019

This chapter describes the endowment that Nurbanu Sultan established, including a Friday mosque with many dependencies (schools, hospital, soup kitchen, inn) on the hills of Üsküdar. Furthermore, it analyses the economic relations between the charitable and the revenue-generating buildings and properties. Among these revenue-generating buildings counted the Çemberlitaş Hamamı, together with the Atik Valide Hamamı and the Büyük Hamam and the Havuzlu Hamam. Like a large, immobile grandee who lived a pious life in his mansion, distributing charity in the form of food, money and medicine to his kapı halkı, his retinue of dependents living in the neighbourhood, the mosque complex was not able to conduct the business necessary to sponsor that charity. Rather, it sent out its four sons (the four hamams) and relatives of its sons’ generation (residences, shops, workshops, mansions, farms and pastures) to do business on its behalf and to generate the large sums of money it needed to sustain itself and its philanthropic activities.
Second Spring
Authors: Macaraig Nina
Published: September 2019

The last chapter analyses four more identities that the Çemberlitaş Hamamı has taken on in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries: that of a tourist attraction promoted by a long lineage of Orientalist painters, travel writers and, lately, guidebooks; that of an emblem for an Ottoman past that many Turkish citizens now rediscover in the wake of a postmodern nostalgia for an Ottoman past that is imagined to be both simpler and more authentic—also known as Ottomania; that of a modern workplace; and that of a digital entity with an online presence.
Assessing Multilateral Climate Governance
Authors: Dietzel Alix
Published: September 2019

Chapter Five assesses to what extent multilateral actors enable the three demands of justice developed in Part I of the book. Taking each demand of justice in turn, the chapter focuses on normative commitments made in the Convention as well as assessing the policies set out in the Kyoto Protocol and examining what has been achieved so far by multilateral actors. Finally, the chapter assesses to what extent the Paris Agreement presents a shift from existing policies. In this way, the chapter provides a historical overview of multilateral climate change action, as well as looking to the future. Chapter Five puts forward that although there has been some progress made, none of the demands of justice come close to being met, and that there is an urgent need for change in the multilateral regime.
Assessing Transnational Climate Governance
Authors: Dietzel Alix
Published: September 2019

Chapter Six assesses to what extent transnational actors enable the three demands of climate justice set out in Chapter Three. The assessment makes use of both existing climate change governance research and ten examples of transnational climate change governance initiatives, providing an insight into how transnational climate change governance has developed and where it stands today. Chapter Six focuses on one demand of climate justice at a time, assessing both what has been promised by transnational actors and what has been achieved so far. The chapter puts forward that although there is room for cautious optimism, overall transnational actors fail to fully enable any of the three demands of justice. The final part of Chapter Six summarises the findings made in Part II and considers what role both multilateral and transnational actors might play in the post-Paris Agreement regime. This is expanded on in the Conclusion of the book.
Introduction: ‘The famous New Zealand Mag.-story writer’
Authors: Mourant Chris
Published: September 2019

The introduction to this book outlines the scholarly contexts that inform it, including the explosion of interest over recent years in early twentieth-century print cultures, the ‘transnational turn’ that has taken place across the discipline of literary studies, and shifts particular to scholarship on Katherine Mansfield. The chapter then considers Mansfield’s engagements with periodical culture before 1910 in order to highlight how, from the very beginning of her career, Mansfield used the magazine form as a space of subversion in which to translate her writing across cultures, articulate fantasies of global movement, and unsettle established ideas about modernity, nation and empire.
The New Age: Gender, Nation and Empire
Authors: Mourant Chris
Published: September 2019

Chapter 1 examines the ways in which Mansfield unsettled established ideas about nationhood and empire by responding to the politics of individualist feminism in the pages of The New Age, edited by A. R. Orage. In particular, this chapter traces textual convergences between Mansfield’s writings and work published in The New Age by its shadow co-editor, Beatrice Hastings. Like Mansfield, Hastings was an ‘outsider’ in London; born in South Africa, her writings demonstrate a sustained engagement with the politics of empire and offer a radical critique of the metropolitan consensus about gender and female suffrage. Through an analysis of original archival findings, including a short story and aphorisms, it is argued that Mansfield’s writings helped to augment Hastings’s critique of liberal feminism, thereby unsettling and challenging established ideas about marriage and motherhood, nationhood and the empire.
Rhythm: Parody and (Post)Colonial Modernism
Authors: Mourant Chris
Published: September 2019

Chapter 2 examines Mansfield’s contributions to the self-consciously ‘modernist’ little magazine Rhythm, edited by John Middleton Murry. Through an analysis of Mansfield’s ‘parodic translations’ and short story contributions to the magazine, the chapter examines the ways in which Mansfield used Rhythm as a performative space in which to develop multiple authorial identities and cultivate different national registers in her work, employing parody, satire and mimicry as modes of critique. Whilst Mansfield identified with the metropolitan modernism advanced by the magazine, it is argued, she also sought to introduce aspects of cultural difference into Rhythm that challenged the spatial imaginaries upon which its discourse of communal affiliation had been constituted. As such, the chapter examines the ways in which Mansfield’s contributions to Rhythm figure an ambivalent negotiation of the colonial/metropolitan binary, helping us to reposition her as a proto-postcolonial writer or ‘colonial-metropolitan modernist’.
A Portrait of the Artist as a ‘Biologist in Words’: Language, Epiphany and Atavistic Bildung
Authors: Newman Daniel Aureliano
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores how James Joyce’s Bildungsroman disrupts the recapitulatory plot by fusing the ostensibly primitive body to the ostensibly advanced linguistic faculties of its budding poet-protagonist, Stephen Dedalus. This fusion results in repeated reversionary digressions from the progressive movement toward artistic self-realization: the very words that Stephen seeks for his art bring him instead into the realm of the sexual and procreative body. These atavistic reversions allow Joyce’s to ironize and supply an alternative to his protagonist’s desire to separate the body from aesthetic experience and artistic maturity.
‘Tampering with the Expected Sequence’: Heterochrony and Sex Change in Orlando
Authors: Newman Daniel Aureliano
Published: September 2019

This chapter reads the fantastical sex-change and longevity in Woolf’s Orlando in relation to contemporary experiments on the genetic and developmental determination of sex, notably the concept of heterochrony. The chapter argues that Orlando’s transformation from man to woman should be read literally, as a metamorphic change in the protagonist’s body; the embodied nature and the specific manifestations of the metamorphosis are designed to counter the recapitulatory plot that inheres in sexological discourses of the day. The corporeality of the Orlando’s development is rarely acknowledged in queer and feminist studies, which tend to emphasise gender and performance at the expense of sex and embodiment. By linking Woolf’s novel to contemporary biology, I complicate this common view and provide a positive alternative to the correlative argument that Orlando’s sex change amounts to a mere wish-fulfillment fantasy.
Conclusion
Authors: Newman Daniel Aureliano
Published: September 2019

The brief conclusion charts some of the ways in which fiction continues to engage with contemporary biology after 1960—as Simon Mawer’s Mendel’s Dwarf and Ali Smith’s How to be both do with molecular genetics, Zadie Smith’s White Teeth and Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go with cloning, and Anthony Burgess’s The Wanting Seed and Ian McEwan’s Nutshell with evolutionary genetics. Linking modernist to contemporary Bildungsromane, I propose that using biological models to dissociate development from chronology is not only a narratological practice but also an ethical and political one. Investigating how biology participated in the modernist search for an expanded understanding of development, Modernist Life Histories positions itself within a multidisciplinary attempt to negotiate the condition of “alternative” or “multiple modernities.”
Barbara Kopple: A Career of Personal Crises and Creative Tensions
Authors: Jaeckle Jeff
Published: September 2019

This chapter underscores the longstanding tensions in Kopple’s career. It focuses her complex and often ambivalent relationships with collaboration, including her fluctuating status as an auteur, mentor, and crew member. It examines the tensions in her career between embracing her identity as an independent filmmaker and choosing to join with studios, television networks, and other media outlets in a complex system of commercial patronage. The chapter also considers Kopple’s shifting political stances as both activist and apolitical humanist. Finally, it provides overviews of each section and chapter.
Harlan County, USA and the Documentary Form: A Forty-year Retrospective
Authors: Kaplan E. Ann
Published: September 2019

This chapter revisits E. Ann Kaplan’s “Harlan County USA: The Documentary Form,” which appeared in the journal Jump Cut in 1977 and remains one of the few in-depth articles devoted to Kopple’s early career. This chapter reassesses the film’s significance in terms of the documentary genre, labor films, and women in cinema. It considers Kaplan’s initial review of the film in light of vogue of semiology and psychoanalytic approaches to cinema in the 1970s, including issues of representation and notions of “the real” in documentary. Finally, it considers why Harlan County USA in particular and Kopple’s career in general remain so important to documentary cinema.
American Dream in God’s Country: Odysseys in Documentary, Hospitality, Place
Authors: Rabinowitz Paula
Published: September 2019

This chapter argues that Barbara Kopple’s American Dream (1990) and Louis Malle’s God’s Country (1985), although quite different in tone and subject matter, presciently trace the outlines of current political fragmentation and economic despair during the era of Donald Trump’s election and presidency. The chapter argues that if American Dream is a dystopian sequel to Harlan County USA, then God’s Country can be viewed as a portrait of a ragged social fabric barely covering the racism and anti-Semitism of the townspeople. Both films depend upon the kindness of strangers: the openness of citizens of “fly-over” America to outsiders—both Jews, a New Yorker and a Frenchman, with cameras, microphones and crew—who are at once keen observers of the subtle interactions among neighbors, friends, and adversaries and intimate participants in the day-to-day struggles that comprise a strike or a farm. Attentive to place, the chapter argues these films explore labor and affect through the presence of the camera.
Which Side Are You On? An Intersectional Approach to Music in Three Films by Barbara Kopple
Authors: Palmer Augusta
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the ways in which gender, class, and race are constructed through music in several of Kopple’s films. In Harlan County USA (1976), music emanates from the setting, but also plays a role in creating the identity of the film’s primary subjects, the striking miners’ wives. In Miss Sharon Jones! (2015), Jones’ battle with cancer is at the core of the narrative, but her neo-soul music is also a primary subject of the film. In both films, the chapter argues that music drives the story and provides a rich setting for lived experience. Building on existing scholarship on race, class, and gender in Appalachian folk music and the soul revival, this chapter also explores how music resonates with popular discourses on race, class, and gender.
Blurring Lines and Intersecting Realities in Barbara Kopple’s Fictional Work
Authors: Ryan Susan
Published: September 2019

In addition to Barbara Kopple’s recognized contributions to documentary filmmaking, she directed several fictional works for both television broadcast and theatrical release. Although she often refers to herself as a director of both non-fiction and fiction, since both are important to her, very little critical attention has been paid to her fictional work such as the television episodes she directed for Homicide: Life on the Street, the PBS production Keeping On (1983), based on a screenplay by Horton Foote, and the independent feature Havoc (2005). This chapter examines the ways that she uses documentary techniques associated with cinema verite to establish a sense of place, character, realism, and social engagement within fictional stories. Rather than see her fictional work as an addendum to her acclaimed documentaries, the chapter argues that there is a continuum in which dramatic form and documentary practice inform one another as part of her style and approach to filmmaking.
Barbara Kopple: Acolyte to Leading Light
Authors: McLane Betsy A.
Published: September 2019

Barbara Kopple survived and thrived for five decades as a producer and director in the ever-insecure world of documentary filmmaking. This chapter explores how the arc of her career fits into a greater history of documentary production, and how her business and promotional methods became and continue to function as role models. The chapter considers Kopple’s career in relation to other female documentarians (e.g. Frances Flaherty, Esther Shub, Helen Van Dongen, and others), as well as considers the ‘family feeling’ organizational model used by Kopple and other American documentary filmmakers, particularly those based in New York. The chapter also examines Kopple’s legacy in terms of the many filmmakers who she has mentored, collaborated with, and inspired in their own documentary practices.
‘Unnatural Carnal Connection’: Bestiality and the Law in Early Twentieth-century Scotland
Authors: Davidson Roger
Published: September 2019

Chapter 4 constitutes a pioneering study of the practice and prosecution of bestiality in twentieth-century Scotland. In turn, it examines the social status, background, lifestyle and possible motive of offenders, the nature and location of the crime committed, and the process by which it was brought to the attention of the law. The variety of roles undertaken by the police in investigating complaints and preparing evidence for the Procurators Fiscal is detailed. In addition, the significant contribution of forensic and veterinary medicine to building the prosecution case is illustrated, as is the limited use of psychiatric evidence after the First World War. The chapter also discusses the impact of the social taboo surrounding bestiality on the reluctance of Procurators Fiscal at times to initiate prosecutions and the secretive nature of many trial proceedings. Finally, sentencing practices in the period 1900−30 are examined and the degree of continuity and change in medico-legal perceptions of the offence identified..
Further Stimuli for and Patterns of Millet Accentuation and Differentiation: the Reign of Abdülaziz (1861–76)
Authors: Stephanov Darin
Published: September 2019

Chapter 3 focuses on the reign of Mahmud II’s younger son, Abdülaziz (1861–76), who maintained a remarkable continuity with his father’s and elder brother’s policies of increased ruler visibility. This sultan standardised and expanded the annual all-imperial royal accession anniversary and birthday celebrations, which grew until 1908. The chapter then demonstrates the intricate interweaving of motifs of sultanic and Bulgar communal (self) celebration as well as the gradual intersection of the more established duties to the ruler with the newly arising duties to the group. This relationship, for a while mutually reinforcing, is illustrated via a cross-section of celebrations of May 11, a recently invented Bulgar communal holiday. The concept of group memory, the discourse of communal rights and their sanctification, not to mention the more visible and commanding presence of a reified ‘Bulgaria,’ were clear indications of a novel, macro-communal consciousness. Gradually, the stream of popular excitement for the ruler was diverted towards communal causes, at first slightly and subtly, then more substantially and assertively. The centrality of the ruler even in core ruler celebrations was at first dulled, then altogether displaced.
Epilogue
Authors: Stephanov Darin
Published: September 2019

The Epilogue discusses the wider usability of the thirteen-point model of modern belonging. It briefly sketches avenues for comparative, inter- and trans-imperial studies across the nineteenth-century globe, starting with the Russian Empire and the case of the Finns. For example, as with the Bulgars, the field of education served as the backdrop, first, for the nurturing of vertical ties of loyalty to monarch and dynasty and, then, for their subtle transformation into horizontal (macro) communal-cum-ethnonational belonging. Institutional and other structural differences notwithstanding, there is a striking similarity of ceremonial channels and functional patterns whereby the cycles of ruler visibility and popular belonging unfolded in the Russian and the Ottoman Empires. Similar processes of mental centralisation, which paralleled other ongoing forms of centralisation – fiscal, administrative, infrastructural and so on, went on in many other state formations across the globe in the course of the nineteenth century.
Judging from Experience
Authors: Gaakeer Jeanne
Published: September 2019

Judging from Experience forms part of Law and Literature and/or, more broadly, Law and Humanities, the interdisciplinary movement in legal theory that focuses on the various bonds of law, language and literature. The book presents a view on law as a humanistic discipline. It demonstrates the importance for academic legal theory and legal practice of a iuris prudentia as insighful knowledge of law that helps develop the practitioner’s practical wisdom. In doing so it builds on insights from philosophical hermeneutics ranging from Aristotle to Ricoeur. The building blocks it proposes for law as praxis are indicative of a methodological reflection on interdisciplinary studies in law and the humanities and of the development of legal narratology.The book engages with literary works such as Flaubert’s Bouvard and Pécuchet, Musil’s The Man without Qualities, and McEwan’s The Children Act to illuminate its arguments and offer a specific European perspective on the topics discussed.
The author combines her understanding of legal theory and judicial practice in a continental-European civil-law system, and, within it, in the field of criminal law, to propose a perspective on law as part of the humanities that can inspire both legal professionals and advanced students of law. Thus the book is also a reflection of the author’s combined passions of judicial practice and Law and Literature.
The Enchantment of Knowledge and its Apotheosis: Gustave Flaubert’s Bouvard and Pécuchet
Authors: Gaakeer Jeanne
Published: September 2019

Chapter 1 offers a metaphorical reading of Gustave Flaubert’s Bouvard and Pécuchet to illustrate how the process of differentiation of knowledge culminated in the positivist thought of the nineteenth century. It suggests that legal practitioners should develop narrative intelligence in order to understand in which ways the law follows out of the narrative of the facts, ex fabula ius oritur, and what it is that they do when in practice they construct legal narratives.The chapter offers a blueprint for the whole book in that it lays bare the very real epistemological questions that contemporary legal theory (doctrinal and interdisciplinary) and legal practice have to confront: the construction of, and/or the contempt for facts, and linguistic perversions of the language of concepts.
Metaphor and (Dis)belief
Authors: Gaakeer Jeanne
Published: September 2019

In chapter 7 the importance of insight into how metaphor works in law (“seeing resemblance” according to Ricoeur) is elaborated upon in relation to the legal professional’s development of practical wisdom. The chapter discusses how metaphoric insight is both cognitive and perceptual. It argues that the professional needs to develop his or her legal imagination to be able to perceive similarity in what is initially thought of as dissimilarity to bridge the gap between the generality of the legal rule and the particularity of the individual situation in the case at hand. The chapter also connects the topic of metaphor to an understanding the psychological phenomenon of cognitive dissonance and its negative side-effects such as the confirmation bias and belief perseverance as the obverse phenomena of what Coleridge called poetic faith, i.e. the ability to comprehend contraries and to deal with uncertainties before jumping to conclusions.
Empathy Revisited: Who’s in Narrative Control?
Authors: Gaakeer Jeanne
Published: September 2019

Part III deals with what Cardozo called “the perplexities of judges” that become “the scholar’s opportunity”. Chapter 11 revisits the topic of empathy by distinguishing between forms of empathy and the way in which they are triggered, in works of fiction as much as in our daily lives. It argues that all forms of empathy are connected to emotion(s), first-order emotion such as anger of grief, and second-order emotion as the reaction to another person’s first-order emotion. It then asks what the cognitive turn in narratology means for legal practice, i.e. who is in narrative control of the situation, in court or in other legal surroundings? The judge, the prosecutor or a party? The story of Ian McEwan’s fictional judge Fiona Maye in The Children Act exemplifies the pitfalls of a first-order empathy, triggered as it may be by parties in a case by means of deliberate narratological strategies aimed at influencing the judicial decision.
Control, Alt, Delete? Information Technology and the Human
Authors: Gaakeer Jeanne
Published: September 2019

With the German jurist-philosopher-author Juli Zeh chapter 13 asks the jurist to consider the effects of contemporary information technologies on the human. It discusses topics such as privacy, surveillance and control societies in relation to individual autonomy and free will. With Zeh’s novel The Method it shows the consequences of state ideology writ large and it asks the reader to consider in which ways humans are being nudged into complacency by modern technologies that provide all our modern conveniences. It shows that as a result of modern technologies human beings run the risk of being reduced to objects ready to be used for further ordering by others.
Dark, Polluted Gold
Authors: Pettinger Alasdair
Published: September 2019

Outlines the main issue that dominated Douglass’s speeches in Scotland in 1846: the campaign to persuade the Free Church of Scotland to return the funds it had raised from pro-slavery churches in the United States. Learning valuable lessons as a tactician and sharpening his oratorical skills, Douglass made the campaign his own, supported by antislavery networks in Scotland, especially the Glasgow Emancipation Society. But the potentially corrupting power of money preoccupied the abolitionists in other ways too. Some of his fellow-campaigners expressed concerns about Douglass’s own financial circumstances, worried that he might be ‘bought’ by rival organisations. Others were particularly upset at his consenting to the solicitation of contributions that were used to purchase his freedom. Douglass responded with robust justifications of his conduct. The chapter closes by assessing the impact of his lectures on his audiences, focusing on two women who recorded their impressions in private correspondence.
Calvinists, Arminians, Socinians: Popular Sovereignty and Natural Rights in Early Modern Political Thought
Authors: Moore James
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses upon natural rights in the writings of Hugo Grotius, the Levellers and John Locke and the manner in which their understanding of rights was informed by distinctive Protestant theologies: by Arminianism or the theology of the Remonstrant Church and by Socinianism. The chapter argues that their theological principles and the natural rights theories that followed from those principles were in conflict with the theology of Calvin and the theologians of the Reformed church. The political theory that marks the distinctive contribution of Calvin and the Reformed to political theory was the idea of popular sovereignty, an idea revived in the eighteenth century, in the political writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Natural Law and Natural Rights in Early Enlightenment Copenhagen
Authors: Jensen Mads Langballe
Published: September 2019

This chapter discusses the earliest teaching of post-grotian natural law by Henrik Weghorst and Christian Reitzer in Copenhagen in the decades around 1700. This teaching has often been presented as merely derivative of the ideas of Hugo Grotius or Samuel Pufendorf. In contrast, this chapter argues that Weghorst and Reitzer developed two very different, and antagonistic, forms of natural law, reflecting academic teaching in Kiel and in Halle. However, it also shows how Weghorst and Reitzer illustrate the common ground of much Lutheran natural law theorising in the later seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Thus, for all their differences, both gave primacy to natural law and focused on duties, rather than rights, as constitutive of social and political life.
Natural Equality and Natural Law in Locke’s Two Treatises
Authors: Saastamoinen Kari
Published: September 2019

This chapter discusses John Locke’s account of natural equality as presented in his Two Treatises of Government. Together with its sister concept natural liberty, natural equality is often associated with the idea of Locke as an early representative of liberal political thought. Locke’s notions of natural liberty and equality are seen as sings of his commitment to the values of individual autonomy and political equality held central in liberal-democratic societies of today, and his political theory is read as a more or less successful attempt to articulate those values. The chapter argues that such approach to Locke’s remarks on natural equality is historically misleading, and they are best understood when we take seriously the fact that he developed his political theory within the parameters of seventeenth-century natural law.