bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of the clinical utility of serological biomarkers in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: 2-year clinical experience
Authors: Zhang Shulan , Luo Jing , Li Ji , Wu Ziyan , Hu Chaojun , Li Ping , Deng Chuiwen , Zhang Fengchun , Qian Jiaming , Li Yongzhe
Published: November 2016

Background:

Antibodies to saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA), antibodies to perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic (pANCA), pancreatic autoantibodies (PAB) and antibodies against intestinal goblet cells (GAB) are important in diagnosing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, little is known about their diagnostic value in real clinical practice in China. This retrospective study aimed to present our 2-year clinical experience with those biomarkers in diagnosis of CD and UC.

Methods:

A total of 140 patients with UC, 128 patients with CD, and 224 patients with intestinal associated diseases as disease controls were included. Serum ASCA were determined by ELISA. Serum pANCA, GAB, and PAB were tested by indirect immunofluorescent assay. Retrospective review of laboratory results and clinical information was performed.

Results:

ASCA and ASCA+/pANCA− showed poor abilities in differentiating CD from UC, CD from intestinal Behçet’s disease (BD), or CD from intestinal tuberculosis (ITB). In contrast, PAB exhibited good capacities in differentiating CD from UC, CD from intestinal BD, and CD from ITB. IgG pANCA demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating UC from CD. pANCA+/ASCA− or pANCA+/PAB− displayed a high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating UC from CD. GAB showed poor potential in differentiating UC from CD. PAB were positively correlated with early disease onset, ileocolonic disease, and perianal disease in CD patients.

Conclusions:

Our data suggest that pANCA and PAB are helpful in diagnosis of UC and CD, respectively, while ASCA and GAB were not. Our findings indicate a clear need for additional biomarkers for diagnosis of CD in China.
Stabilized Mixed Finite Element Methods for Linear Elasticity on Simplicial Grids in
ℝn
Authors: Chen Long , Hu Jun , Huang Xuehai
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we design two classes of stabilized mixed finite element methods for linear elasticity on simplicial grids.
In the first class of elements, we use

𝑯
⁢

(
div
,
Ω
;
𝕊
)

${\boldsymbol{H}(\operatorname{div},\Omega;\mathbb{S})}$

-

P
k

${P_{k}}$

and

𝑳
2

⁢

(
Ω
;

ℝ
n

)

${\boldsymbol{L}^{2}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{n})}$

-

P

k
-
1

${P_{k-1}}$

to approximate the stress and displacement spaces, respectively, for

1
≤
k
≤
n

${1\leq k\leq n}$

, and employ a stabilization technique in terms of
the jump of the discrete displacement over the edges/faces of the triangulation under consideration; in the second class of elements, we use

𝑯
0
1

⁢

(
Ω
;

ℝ
n

)

${\boldsymbol{H}_{0}^{1}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^{n})}$

-

P
k

${P_{k}}$

to approximate the displacement space for

1
≤
k
≤
n

${1\leq k\leq n}$

, and adopt the stabilization technique suggested by Brezzi, Fortin, and Marini
[19]. We establish the discrete inf-sup conditions, and consequently present the a priori error analysis for them. The main ingredient for the analysis are two special interpolation operators, which can be constructed using a crucial

𝑯
⁢

(
div
)

${\boldsymbol{H}(\operatorname{div})}$

bubble function space of polynomials on each element. The feature of these methods is the low number of global degrees of freedom in the lowest order case. We present some numerical results to demonstrate the theoretical estimates.
Constructional contamination: How does it work and how do we measure it?
Authors: Pijpops Dirk , Van de Velde Freek
Published: November 2016

In this article, we introduce the effect of “constructional contamination”. In constructional contamination, a subset of the instances of a target construction deviate in their realization, due to a superficial resemblance they share with instances of a contaminating construction. We claim that this contaminating effect bears testimony to the hypothesis that language users do not always execute a full parse while interpreting and producing sentences. Instead, they may rely on what has been called “shallow parsing”, i. e., chunking the utterances into large, unanalyzed exemplars that may extend across constituent borders. We propose several measures to quantify constructional contamination in corpus data. To evaluate these measures, the Dutch partitive genitive is taken under scrutiny as a target construction of constructional contamination. In this case study, it is shown that neighboring constructions play a crucial role in determining the presence or absence of the -s suffix among instances of the partitive genitive. The different measures themselves, however, are not construction-specific, and can readily be used to track constructional contamination in other case studies as well.
Façade detergents as bicelle rim-forming agents for solution NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Mineev Konstantin S. , Nadezhdin Kirill D. , Goncharuk Sergey A. , Arseniev Alexander S.
Published: November 2016

Out of all membrane mimetics available for solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, phospholipid bicelles are the most prospective. Unlike lipid-protein nanodiscs their size can be easily controlled over a wide range, and the exchange of matter between the particles can take place. However, recent studies revealed several major drawbacks of conventional 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC)/1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) and DMPC/3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) bicelles. First, size of such bicelles can increase dramatically upon heating, and, second, rim-forming detergents of bicelles can cause improper folding of the water-soluble globular domains of membrane proteins. In order to avoid these effects, we tested the Façade detergents as possible alternative rim-forming agents for small isotropic bicelles. In the present work we characterized the size of bicelles formed by 3α-hydroxy-7α,12α-di-((O-β-D-maltosyl)-2-hydroxyethoxy)-cholane (Façade-EM) and 3α-hydroxy-7α,12α-di-(((2-(trimethylamino)ethyl)phosphoryl)ethyloxy)-cholane Façade-EPC as a function of temperature and lipid/detergent ratio by 1H NMR diffusion spectroscopy. Additionally, the denaturing effects of these two rim-forming agents were investigated using the junction of the transmembrane and intracellular domains of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) as a model object. We show that the use of Façades allows decreasing the temperature-dependent growth of bicelles. The ability of Façade-EM-based bicelles to support the native structure and soluble state of the p75NTR intracellular domain was also revealed.
Constructing Quasi-Periodic Wave Solutions of Differential-Difference Equation by Hirota Bilinear Method
Authors: Wang Qi
Published: November 2016

In the present paper, based on the Riemann theta function, the Hirota bilinear method is extended to directly construct a kind of quasi-periodic wave solution of a new integrable differential-difference equation. The asymptotic property of the quasi-periodic wave solution is analyzed in detail. It will be shown that quasi-periodic wave solution converge to the soliton solutions under certain conditions and small amplitude limit.
Arp2/3 and VASP Are Essential for Fear Memory Formation in Lateral Amygdala
Authors: Basu Sreetama , Kustanovich Irina , Lamprecht Raphael
Published: November 2016

The actin cytoskeleton is involved in key neuronal functions such as synaptic transmission and morphogenesis. However, the roles and regulation of actin cytoskeleton in memory formation remain to be clarified. In this study, we unveil the mechanism whereby actin cytoskeleton is regulated to form memory by exploring the roles of the major actin-regulatory proteins Arp2/3, VASP, and formins in long-term memory formation. Inhibition of Arp2/3, involved in actin filament branching and neuronal morphogenesis, in lateral amygdala (LA) with the specific inhibitor CK-666 during fear conditioning impaired long-term, but not short-term, fear memory. The inactive isomer CK-689 had no effect on memory formation. We observed that Arp2/3 is colocalized with the actin-regulatory protein profilin in LA neurons of fear-conditioned rats. VASP binding to profilin is needed for profilin-mediated stabilization of actin cytoskeleton and dendritic spine morphology. Microinjection of poly-proline peptide [G(GP5)3] into LA, to interfere with VASP binding to profilin, impaired long-term but not short-term fear memory formation. Control peptide [G(GA5)3] had no effect. Inhibiting formins, which regulate linear actin elongation, in LA during fear conditioning by microinjecting the formin-specific inhibitor SMIFH2 into LA had no effect on long-term fear memory formation. We conclude that Arp2/3 and VASP, through the profilin binding site, are essential for the formation of long-term fear memory in LA and propose a model whereby these proteins subserve cellular events, leading to memory consolidation.
Understanding Unintended Consequences and Health Information Technology
Authors: Randell R. , Borycki E. M. , Kuziemsky C. E.
Published: November 2016

Objective: No framework exists to identify and study unintended consequences (UICs) with a focus on organizational and social issues (OSIs). To address this shortcoming, we conducted a literature review to develop a framework for considering UICs and health information technology (HIT) from the perspective of OSIs.

Methods: A literature review was conducted for the period 2000-2015 using the search terms “unintended consequences” and “health information technology”. 67 papers were screened, of which 18 met inclusion criteria. Data extraction was focused on the types of technologies studied, types of UICs identified, and methods of data collection and analysis used. A thematic analysis was used to identify themes related to UICs.

Results: We identified two overarching themes. One was the definition and terminology of how people classify and discuss UICs. Second was OSIs and UICs. For the OSI theme, we also identified four sub-themes: process change and evolution, individual-collaborative interchange, context of use, and approaches to model, study, and understand UICs.

Conclusions: While there is a wide body of research on UICs, there is a lack of overall consensus on how they should be classified and reported, limiting our ability to understand the implications of UICs and how to manage them. More mixed-methods research and better proactive identification of UICs remain priorities. Our findings and framework of OSI considerations for studying UICs and HIT extend existing work on HIT and UICs by focusing on organizational and social issues.
The Rising Frequency of IT Blackouts Indicates the Increasing Relevance of IT Emergency Concepts to Ensure Patient Safety
Authors: Sax U. , Lipprandt M. , Röhrig R.
Published: November 2016

Introduction: As many medical workflows depend vastly on IT support, great demands are placed on the availability and accuracy of the applications involved. The cases of IT failure through ransomware at the beginning of 2016 are impressive examples of the dependence of clinical processes on IT. Although IT risk management attempts to reduce the risk of IT blackouts, the probability of partial/total data loss, or even worse, data falsification, is not zero. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art with respect to strategies, processes, and governance to deal with the failure of IT systems.

Methods: This article is conducted as a narrative review.

Results: Worst case scenarios are needed, dealing with methods as to how to survive the downtime of clinical systems, for example through alternative workflows. These workflows have to be trained regularly. We categorize the most important types of IT system failure, assess the usefulness of classic counter measures, and state that most risk management approaches fall short on exactly this matter.

Conclusion: To ensure that continuous, evidence-based improvements to the recommendations for IT emergency concepts are made, it is essential that IT blackouts and IT disasters are reported, analyzed, and critically discussed. This requires changing from a culture of shame and blame to one of error and safety in healthcare IT. This change is finding its way into other disciplines in medicine. In addition, systematically planned and analyzed simulations of IT disaster may assist in IT emergency concept development.
Findings from the Section on Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics
Authors: Dauchel H. , Lecroq T.
Published: November 2016

Objective: To summarize excellent current research and propose a selection of best papers published in 2016 in the field of Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics with applications in the health domain and clinical care.

Methods: We provide a synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2017, from which we attempt to derive a synthetic overview of current and future activities in the field. As in 2016, a first step of selection was performed by querying MEDLINE with a list of MeSH descriptors completed by a list of terms adapted to the section coverage. Each section editor evaluated separately the set of 951 articles returned and evaluation results were merged for retaining 15 candidate best papers for peer-review.

Results: The selection and evaluation process of papers published in the Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics field yielded four excellent articles focusing this year on the secondary use and massive integration of multi-omics data for cancer genomics and non-cancer complex diseases. Papers present methods to study the functional impact of genetic variations, either at the level of the transcription or at the levels of pathway and network.

Conclusions: Current research activities in Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics with applications in the health domain continue to explore new algorithms and statistical models to manage, integrate, and interpret large-scale genomic datasets. As addressed by some of the selected papers, future trends would include the question of the international collaborative sharing of clinical and omics data, and the implementation of intelligent systems to enhance routine medical genomics.
Pleiotropic Effects of Loss of the Dα1 Subunit in Drosophila melanogaster: Implications for Insecticide Resistance
Authors: Somers Jason , Luong Hang Ngoc Bao , Mitchell Judith , Batterham Philip , Perry Trent
Published: November 2016

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are a highly conserved gene family that form pentameric receptors involved in fast excitatory synaptic neurotransmission. The specific roles individual nAChR subunits perform in Drosophila melanogaster and other insects are relatively uncharacterized. Of the 10 D. melanogaster nAChR subunits, only three have described roles in behavioral pathways; Dα3 and Dα4 in sleep, and Dα7 in the escape response. Other subunits have been associated with resistance to several classes of insecticides. In particular, our previous work has demonstrated that an allele of the Dα1 subunit is associated with resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. We used ends-out gene targeting to create a knockout of the Dα1 gene to facilitate phenotypic analysis in a controlled genetic background. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a native function for any nAChR subunits known to be targeted by insecticides. Loss of Dα1 function was associated with changes in courtship, sleep, longevity, and insecticide resistance. While acetylcholine signaling had previously been linked with mating behavior and reproduction in D. melanogaster, no specific nAChR subunit had been directly implicated. The role of Dα1 in a number of behavioral phenotypes highlights the importance of understanding the biological roles of nAChRs and points to the fitness cost that may be associated with neonicotinoid resistance.
Alterations in mood state following an ultra-marathon
Authors: Semple SJ , Smith LL , Neveling N , McKune A
Published: November 2016

SA Sports Medicine Vol.15(3) 2003: 29-31
Editorial: Administration in sport — a much needed kick-start?
Authors: Lambert Mike
Published: November 2016

SA Sports Medicine Vol.16(2) 2004: 1
Scoping exercise to determine load profile archetype reference shapes for solar co-generation models in isolated off-grid rural African villages
Authors: Prinsloo Gerro Johannes
Published: November 2016

For many off-grid rural communities, renewable energy resources may be the only viable option for household and village energy supply and electrification. This is especially true for many rural regions in Southern Africa, where the population spread is characterised by small villages. These rural villages rely heavily on firewood and biomass to meet thermal energy needs (hot water and cooking), while candles, kerosene and paraffin are mostly used for lighting. Hybrid concentrated solar micro-CHP (combined heat and power) technology systems have been proposed as viable energy solutions. This paper conducts a scoping exercise to determine realistic hourly reference profile shapes for thermal and power energy consumption in isolated rural African villages. The results offer realistic energy consumption load profiles for a typical rural African village in time-series format. These reference load profiles enable experimental comparison between computer modelled solar micro-CHP systems and control automation solutions in isolated rural village micro-grid simulations.
The Value of Inequality
Authors: Bos Gustaaf , Kal Doortje
Published: November 2016

Over the last two decades, inclusion and participation have become leading policy concepts within the Dutch chronic care and social welfare sector. People with an intellectual or psychiatric disability ought to get a chance to participate in, and belong to, the mainstream of our society—on the basis of equality and equivalence. Although on an international level this pursuit has been going on for at least five decades, it still raises all kinds of questions and debates. What does it mean if we want people with intellectual and/or psychiatric disabilities to participate in our society? Based on which idea(l)s about humanity do we define equality and equivalence? And by doing so, how much space is left for individual differences? In the following dialogue the two authors navigate the tension between similarity and difference in thinking about—and working towards—more space for marginalized people. In an attempt to withstand the contemporary dominance of equality thinking, marked by a strong focus on tenability and autonomy—and by extension an increasing climate of taboo around vulnerability and dependency—both authors stress the importance of recognizing and valuing difference, while discussing encounters between people with and without a severe intellectual and/or multiple disability.
Effect of manipulation by maitland method in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: case studies
Authors: Oliveira Mafra Raiele Torres , Bastos Vivianne Camila Souza , Nascimento Lívia Shirahige Gomes do , Barros Maria de Fátima Alcântara , Carvalho Antonio Geraldo Cidrão de , Junior Miburge Bolivar Gois , Guerino Marcelo Renato , Campos Shirley Lima , Araújo Maria das Graças Rodrigues de
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Adhesive capsulitis, also called frozen shoulder, affects about 3-5% of the population, especially in the age group 40 to 60 years, affecting more women and having an insidious onset. Objective: Analyze the isolated effect of joint manipulation by Maitland method in treating patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, the level of pain, range of motions of the shoulder and functional capacity. Method: It is about a cases studies in which four volunteers underwent protocol Maitland to shoulder for 15 sessions. The evaluation instruments used were the Visual Analog Scale, Goniometer and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index to measure the level of disability of the shoulder. Results: There was decreased pain from 55.5 to 80.0%, increased all range of motions, especially flexion of the shoulder, with more than 100% gains in the four cases investigated and improved functional capacity between 27.9 – 91.9%. Conclusion: These results suggest that the therapy had improved outcomes assessed, as clinically relevant contribution, but indicate the need to develop more studies to prove the effectiveness of the method isolated.
DO ESTRUTURALISMO AO NEOESTRUTURALISMO: SÍNTESE DA TRAJETÓRIA HISTÓRICA DO PENSAMENTO CEPALINO
Authors: Menezes de Medeiros Paulo Vinícius
Published: November 2016

O trabalho busca traçar um recorte temporal sobre a trajetória histórica do pensamento cepalino a partir das interpretações e influências extrínsecas sobre desenvolvimento econômico aplicadas no contexto latino-americano. Tais interpretações surgem num contexto de desenvolvimento romeno na relação entre os modelos tradicional-agrícola e o moderno-industrial. A CEPAL então edifica suas premissas com base na experiência da expansão capitalista dos países centrais e periféricos e as reinterpretam à realidade latino-americana. Ao longo da história e da contribuição de outras ciências, o entendimento sobre desenvolvimento e a relação centro-periferia da América Latina toma outros caminhos, o que divide o pensamento cepalino em duas etapas: o estruturalismo e o neo-estruturalismo.
Twitter in Education: Perceptions of Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Kalelioglu Filiz
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of students about the use of Twitter within education. Participants of the study were 17 junior class Education Faculty students from the Computer Education and Instructional Technology Department at a private university in Turkey. At the beginning of the course, the instructor requested students to sign up for Twitter and follow her tweets. Then the instructor created a hashtag for the lesson and over the duration of the course, shared course announcements and related papers using this hashtag. Students also tweeted about summary course content covered during face-to-face lessons. At the end of the course, a questionnaire captured studentsâ€™ perceptions about the use of Twitter within education through five open-ended questions. Content analysis was applied to analyse the qualitative data.

 

 Keywords: Twitter, microblogging, perceptions, pre-service teachers
Elaboration of Approaches to Internet Negative Impact Resistance for University Students
Authors: Zerkina Natalya Nikolaevna , Chusavitina Galina Nikolaevna , Kolobova Olga Leonidovna , Nazarova Olga Borisovna , Chernova Elena Vladimirovna
Published: November 2016

In the information society Internet technologies provide not only positive information and psychological impact but negative and destructive one either. The lack of attention to the problems of prevention and correction of destructive information impact on young students in higher education institutions negatively affects the development of intellectual abilities of students, their professional socialization and it leads to the spiritual and moral degradation, economic and legal nihilism, which finally leads to a decrease the quality of training of future specialists. The research summarizes and arranges theoretical and empirical studies on the problem of forming resistance to negative effects of Internet resources on university students and young adults. A set of resistance-forming and preventing Internet negative effects recommendations is elaborated and can be applied for the process of teaching. Complex methodology is used for elaboration of methodical positions and practical recommendations. The proposed concept enriches pedagogical theory, brings to the new level of research problems of information-psychological security of students online activity. The developed suggestions are theoretical contribution to the content and technology development of educational support safe and efficient use of information resources in the preparation of future specialists at the university.
Examining the Level of Internet Addiction of Adolescents in Terms of Various Variables
Authors: Ayaz Mehmet Fatih , Karatas Kasim
Published: November 2016

The aim of the research is to examine the internet addiction of adolescents according to their genders, the type of their high-schools and class level, the time interval that they use internet most widely, their internet usage duration and usage purpose. For that, it is studied with 335 high-school students in Elazig city of Turkey in 2015. The internet addiction scale that Young (1998) developed was used to determine internet addiction of adolescents. In the analysis of data, t-test and unilateral variance analysis were used. At the result of analysis, the mean score of that adolescents got by internet addiction scale was determined as . In analysis between variables it was seen that the internet addiction level of Science-High School students was lower compared to Anatolian and Vocational High-School students. It was observed that the more the usage duration increases the more the internet addiction increases. It was determined the students who use internet mostly for games or social media are more addicted. Besides; as statistical, a significant difference wasnâ€™t determined between genders, classes and the variables that internet is mostly used.
Oferta de horas de trabajo en Colombia: una aproximación a sus determinantes, 2012
Authors: Rangel Jiménez Andrés Eduardo
Published: November 2016

Cuando se participa en el mercado laboral, la decisión de un individuo radica en determinar la cantidad de horas de trabajo por ofertar, situación ilustrada por la teoría económica a través de los efectos renta y sustitución. Este artículo reporta los resultados de la estimación econométrica de un modelo en tres etapas de la oferta de horas de trabajo individual para Colombia, basado en la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida (ECV) 2012. En la primera etapa se modela la probabilidad de estar empleado; posteriormente, se estima una ecuación de Mincer corregida por sesgo de selección y, finalmente, se estima una ecuación de horas de trabajo mediante un modelo Tobit en función de los salarios predichos para corregir su endogeneidad. Los resultados muestran que prima el efecto sustitución sobre el efecto renta; que afectan positivamente la oferta de horas: la edad (hasta un umbral), ser jefe de hogar, tener hijos menores de cinco años, tener estado civil casado o estar en unión libre y, por último, tener un contrato de trabajo escrito; por el contrario, los ingresos no laborales afectan negativamente la oferta de horas.
Felicidad y economía: la felicidad como utilidad en la economía
Authors: De los Ríos Giraldo Aura Liliana
Published: November 2016

Este artículo presenta el concepto de felicidad abordado desde las perspectivas científica, filosófica, psicológica y económica. Ofrece una mirada histórica de la felicidad a lo largo del pensamiento económico, partiendo desde Adam Smith, en 1776, y continuando con el pensamiento de reconocidos economistas como Jeremy Bentham, J. S. Mill, William Jevons, León Walras, Carl Menger, Paúl Samuelson, entre otros. En este recorrido se incorpora el concepto de utilidad y se analiza cómo, durante casi setenta años, la utilidad sustituyó a la felicidad en el campo económico. Se muestra además cómo desde el pensamiento de Bentham se originan la teoría del utilitarismo y las dimensiones cardinal y ordinal de la utilidad. Los métodos tradicionales, científicos y empíricos para estudiar y medir la felicidad, así como la confiabilidad y validez de estas mediciones, hacen parte también de este abordaje.
Medio ambiente, bienes ambientales y métodos de valoración
Authors: Pérez Torres Francisco José
Published: November 2016

Tan claro como la íntima relación entre bienestar social ciudadano y bienes ambientales es el hecho de que estos no se pueden enajenar en el mercado porque sencillamentecarecen de precio. Esto induce a los individuos a darles un uso inadecuado, impidiendo que cumplan con sus vitales funciones sociales. Pensando en esa relación, este estudio expone y analiza los principales métodos específicos y los respectivos modelos econométricos de avalúos de esos bienes, generados en procesos de valorización producto de acciones extraeconómicas o de situaciones fortuitas no derivadas de sus propias acciones económicas o de mercado. En este orden, se define, desde el punto jurídico y de la teoría económica convencional, su carácter público y se dimensiona con detalle la importancia de su valoración. Asimismo, al tiempo que se subrayan las limitaciones más relevantes, se examinan los métodos directos e indirectos de valoración para bienes no mercadeables, específicamente el método de valoración contingente y su variante tipo referéndum, y el método de valoración hedónica, aplicados a la valoración de bienes no homogéneos y diferenciables por sus atributos, entre estos el ambiental.
De la economía agrícola a la economía de la ruralidad
Authors: Meza Carvajalino Carlos Arturo , Romero Prada Jaime Ricardo
Published: November 2016

En este trabajo se estudia la dinámica de la economía colombiana en los últimos 43 años. Análisis sectoriales y regionales evidencian la relevancia del sector primario como fuente de crecimiento y riqueza. Al comparar la industria frente al sector primario, se resalta la importancia de este último y su dominancia en el 75 % de los departamentos. Se invita a formuladores de políticas a entender a Colombia desde el territorio, exaltando la economía de la ruralidad en contraste con la economía agrícola. Este nuevo enfoque se aleja de los arreglos institucionales de los sistemas de cuentas nacionales, para adentrarse en las actividades que se desarrollan en los territorios rurales, lo que permite entender las problemáticas desde un enfoque sistémico y no desde sus costos de oportunidad y competitividad.
Mercados financieros, eficiencia y adaptación
Authors: Gil Mateus Edwin Oswaldo , Ávila Perico Hernán David , Ortiz Villalobos Arnaldo Eliecer
Published: November 2016

Este artículo introduce el concepto de adaptación para comprender la eficiencia en los mercados financieros. Algunos antecedentes teóricos muestran la necesidad y pertinencia del análisis adaptativo como respuesta al paradigma tradicional enfocado en los planteamientos de la hipótesis de los mercados eficientes (EMH, por su sigla en inglés). En particular se exponen dos críticas a la EMH: una desde la racionalidad del agente, que muestra la imposibilidad de la existencia de mercados eficientes a escala informacional, y otra desde la economía conductual, enfocada en la heterogeneidad de los agentes y la racionalidad limitada de aquellos. Finalmente, se presenta la hipótesis de los mercados adaptativos como alternativa en la comprensión del comportamiento de los agentes en el mercado.
Puntos de vista y persona: cuestiones de semántica
Authors: Raccah Pierre-Yves
Published: November 2016

En este artículo, presentamos un marco semántico, la Semántica de los Puntos de Vista (SPV), inspirado en algunas ideas de Oswald Duerot y en dos tipos de reflexiones: una metodológica sobre las relaciones entre ciencia, creencia y observación, y otra, interdisciplinaria, sobre las relaciones entre semántica, cognición y cultura. Después de recordar por qué la única realidad a la cual los observadores humanos tenemos acceso es construida, y por qué dicha construcción depende de los sesgos culturales y creencias compartidos por la comunidad, el artículo ilustra, cin una metáfora, el papel de los mitos y la identificación, en la construcción de la personalidad y la subjetividad, a través de la noción de puntos de vista, abre la puerta a una concepción semántica, la SPV, que puede considerarse una continuación de la Teoría de la argumentación en la lengua, ya que utiliza, de manera central, el concepto de topos. Además de presentar el marco general de la SPV, el artículo presenta el modelo descriptivo, insistiendo en las aportaciones nuevas, respecto del modelo tópico utilizado en el análisis del discurso: entre otras cosas, la descripción tópica del léxico, las bases de una semántica contrastiva, y la representación tópica del conocimiento y de las creencias socialmente compartidas. En una conclusión crítica, se distinguen varias objeciones externas e internas, y se presentan los mayores programas de investigación que este marco ha abierto en la actualidad.
Preámbulo
Authors: Bubnova Tatiana
Published: November 2016

Preámbulo.
Distance Education at Conventional Universities in Germany
Authors: Kappel Hans-Henning , Lehmann Burkhard , Loeper Joachim
Published: November 2016

Germany’s educational system has undergone a series of transformations during the last 40 years. In recent years, marked increases in enrolment have occurred. In response, admission requirements have been relaxed and new universities have been established.

Academic distance education in the former Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) was ushered in by the educational radio broadcasts around the end of the 1960s. Aside from the formation of the FernUniversität (Open University) in West Germany in 1975, there were significant developments in distance education occurring at the major universities in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). After German reunification in 1990, the new unitary state launched programs to advance the development of distance education programs at conventional universities.

Germany’s campus-based universities (Präsenzuniversitäten) created various entities, including central units and consortia of universities to design and market distance education programs. Hybridisation provides the necessary prerequisites for dual mode delivery, such as basic and continuing education programs, as well as for the combination of distance and campus-based education (Präsenzstudium). Hybridisation also has also opened the door for the creation of new programs.

Following an initial phase in which distance education research is expected to centralize a trend towards decentralisation is likely to follow. The German Association for Distance Education (AG-F) offers a viable research network in distance education. Two dual mode case studies are also be surveyed: The Master of Arts degree, offered by the University of Koblenz-Landau, with Library Science as the second major, and the University of Kaiserslautern, where basic education will continue to be captured within the domain of the Präsenzstudium or campus-based education.

The area in which distance education is flourishing most is within the field of academic continuing education, where external experts and authors are broadening the horizon of the campus. Multimedia networks will comprise the third generation of distance education.
Quality Standards in eLearning: A matrix of analysis
Authors: Frydenberg Jia
Published: November 2016

Most institutions of postsecondary and higher education are creating or adopting quality statements, standards, and criteria regarding their niche of the “eLearning enterprise.” In doing so, they have a tendency to reinvent the wheel. This article summarizes current published quality standards in the US, and analyzes and organizes them into a nine-cell matrix. It concludes with discussion of emerging issues with respect to the nine standards-areas.

Key Terms: ELearning, online learning, Web-based learning, quality standards; development, delivery and support of online learning
Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity Among Reproductive-Age Women and Adolescent Girls in Rural China
Authors: He Yuan , Pan An , Yang Ying , Wang Yuanyuan , Xu Jihong , Zhang Ya , Liu Dujia , Wang Qiaomei , Shen Haiping , Zhang Yiping , Yan Donghai , Peng Zuoqi , Hu Frank B. , Ma Xu
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To provide prevalence and trends of underweight, overweight, and obesity among reproductive-age women and adolescent girls in rural China.

Methods. We measured weight and height in 16 742 344 women aged 20 to 49 years and 178 556 girls aged 15 to 19 years from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project between 2010 and 2014.

Results. Among women, the prevalence of underweight was 7.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.7%, 7.9%), and overweight or obesity was 16.5% (95% CI = 16.4%, 16.6%; World Health Organization criteria). Among adolescents, prevalence of underweight was 6.0% (95% CI = 5.7%, 6.2%; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria) and overweight or obesity was 8.3% (95% CI = 7.9% to 8.8%; International Obesity Task Force criteria). According to Chinese criteria, overweight and obesity prevalence was 24.8% (95% CI = 24.7%, 24.9%) for women and 17.2% (95% CI = 16.6%, 17.8%) for adolescents, and underweight prevalence was 2.9% (95% CI = 2.8%, 3.1%) for adolescents. Considerable disparities existed in prevalence and trends within subpopulations (age groups, parity, region, education levels, and socioeconomic status).

Conclusions. Our results reveal coexisting underweight and overweight or obesity among rural women and adolescents of reproductive age, which requires public health attention.
The Extent of Manure Removal from Storages and Its Impact on Gaseous Emissions
Authors: Ngwabie N. M. , Gordon R. J. , VanderZaag A. , Dunfield K. , Sissoko A. , Wagner‐Riddle C.
Published: November 2016

Manure remaining in storage due to incomplete removal is a source of microbial inoculum that may affect methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH3) emissions during subsequent storage. Manure removal was studied by loading fresh manure into outdoor concrete tanks (10.6 m3) that contained previously stored manure (inoculum) at six levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%, with 0% representing an empty tank). Emissions were continuously measured for 6‐mo storage periods (warm and cold seasons) using flow‐through chambers. Fluxes during the warm season (average manure temperature at 80 cm depth, Tm = 17°C) were 25 times higher for CH4, 20 times higher for N2O, and 2.9 times higher for NH3 compared with the cold season (Tm = 4°C). Cumulative CH4 emissions increased linearly with the level of added inoculum in the cold season (r2 = 0.98). A similar linear increase was observed in the warm season from 0 to 20% inoculum (r2 = 0.91), after which a decrease in emissions was observed at 25%. Reducing inoculum from 15 to 5% reduced CH4 emissions by 26% in the warm season and 45% in the cold season. There was no clear effect of inoculum on N2O and NH3 emissions, suggesting that complete manure storage emptying does not alter their emissions.

Core Ideas

Manure in storage from incomplete removal is a source of microbial inoculum affecting CH4 emissions.

Cumulative CH4 emissions increased linearly with the level of added inoculum in the cold season.

Cumulative CH4 emissions increased linearly from 0 to 20% inoculum in the warm season.

Reducing inoculum from 15 to 5% reduced CH4 emissions in warm season by 26% and cold season by 45%.
Online social media usage of car dealerships in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: S. Sipho Makgopa
Published: November 2016

The concept of social media is top of the agenda for many organizations today. Decision makers, as well as marketers, try to identify ways in which organizations can make profitable use of social media platforms. The adoption of social media in marketing communication campaigns to carry the marketing communication message to the target audiences remains a challenge to organizations in the motor industry. The purpose of this paper was to establish an understanding of the online social media tools used by car dealerships in their marketing communication strategies and campaigns. In achieving the purpose of this paper, a qualitative research approach using semi-structured in-depth interviews with marketing personnel of different car dealerships in Gauteng province, South Africa was followed. In this paper, a qualitative content analysis was used to analyze primary data using Atlas ti version 10 computer software. The findings of this paper revealed that the use of social media platforms by car dealerships varied in terms of message content. Recommendations to stakeholders in the motor industry and future research directions are provided.
Keywords: social media, marketing communications, communication channels, consumer-to-consumer communications, car dealerships. JEL Classification: M31, M37
An investigation of entrepreneurial skills for contingent employees in small retail businesses as job security determinants
Authors: Evelyn Chiloane-Tsoka Germinah , Tshabangu Bheki
Published: November 2016

SMEs provide employment to approximately 61 per cent of households in South Africa (SA). Though, entrepreneurial activity rate (TEA) still poses a great concern, at 5.9% which is far below that of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China). Contingent employees in small retail businesses continue to face job insecurity as a result of poor working conditions and un-unionized. This study aims to explore whether contingent employees have entrepreneurial skills for self-employability as an opportunity to offset job insecurity in Roodepoort, SA. Likewise, the study used a quantitative approach and sampled 129 contingent employees from 60 small retail businesses in Roodepoort. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial skills, job insecurity and contingent employees regarding job insecurity.
Keywords: contingent employees, SME, job insecurity, unions, entrepreneurial skills, Roodepoort and South Africa. JEL Classification: J46, L26
Prominent challenges of fixed-term contracts for administrative and professional employees in higher learning institutions of Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Skeni Monkwe Elsie , Matshonisa Seeletse Solly
Published: November 2016

The use of temporary workers by organizations is growing, and has extensively extended to higher learning institutions (HLIs). This paper discusses the challenges of fixed term contract administrative and professional employees (FTC A/Ps) in Gauteng Provinces’ HLIs in South Africa. The research methodology used was exploratory. Surveys were used to collect data. The study sample consisted of 107 FTC A/Ps. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire. Text data were analyzed using the thematic content analysis of qualitative design. The study revealed that the HLIs did not provide training to the FTC A/Ps, but required them to perform as if they were trained. The FTC A/Ps were not getting employee benefits, were abused, underpaid, lacked privileges, lacked morale, could be dismissed any time, were driven to lose trust on managers and to be disloyal to their HLIs. They sometimes caused unscheduled turnover. Their commitment to work diminished. Still, they were bound to increase their productivity under punitive working conditions. The study recommends involving of FTC A/Ps when necessary, and not to abuse them. This also includes possibilities of integrating them in the HLI workforce, but to put proper precautionary measures when empowering them.
Keywords: abuse, fixed term contract, higher learning institutions, roll over. JEL Classification: J71, J81, J82
PENGEMBANGAN E-LEARNING BERBASIS PENDEKATAN ILMIAH PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA DI SMP NEGERI 5 YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Mu'arif Heru Amrul , Surjono Herman Dwi
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan produk e-learning berbasis pendekatan ilmiah pada mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam bagi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 5 Yogyakarta dengan spesifikasi model dan isi yang ditetapkan, (2) mengetahui kelayakan produk e-learning, (3) mengetahui hasil belajar siswa setelah menggunakan e-learning. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dan diadaptasi dari model Alessi dan Trollip. Prosedur pengembangan meliputi tahap perencanaan, desain, dan pengembangan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan sebagai berikut:  (1) produk e-learning berbasis pendekatan ilmiah berhasil dikembangkan dengan sebuah sistem manajemen pembelajaran (LMS) online yang dibuat dengan software aplikasi moodle. E-learning berbasis pendekatan ilmiah dikembangkan untuk pokok bahasan sistem tata surya dan kehidupan di bumi; (2) produk e-learning berbasis pendekatan ilmiah pada mata pelajaran ilmu pengetahuan alam telah memenuhi kriteria dan dinyatakan layak sebagai media pembelajaran berdasarkan validasi ahli media, ahli materi, dan siswa, kelayakannya mencapai rerata skor 4,15 dengan kategori baik; (3) keefektifan pembelajaran IPA lebih baik setelah menggunakan e-learning dibuktikan melalui peningkatan hasil belajar. Hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 5 Yogyakarta mengalami peningkatan setelah menggunakan e-learning.Kata kunci: e-learning, pendekatan ilmiah, ilmu pengetahuan alam. DEVELOPING OF E-LEARNING BASED ON SCIENTIFIC APPROACH ON NATURAL SCIENCES LESSON AT SMPN 5 YOGYAKARTAAbstractThis study aims to: (1) develop e-learning based on scientific approaches on natural science subjects for students grade VIII of SMPN 5 Yogyakarta with model specifications and specified contents, (2) determine the feasibility of e-learningproduct (3) determine student learning achievement after using e-learning. This research was a research and development (R&D) adapted from models of Alessi &Trollip. The development procedure included the planning, design, and development. This study shows the following results. (1) E-learning-based on scientificapproaches was developed with a learning management system (LMS) online software applications created with Moodle. E-learning is developed based on a scientific approach for the subject of the solar system and life on Earth; (2) e-learning based on scientific approaches for natural science subjects is appropriate as a medium of learning based on the judgement from media expert, materials experts, and students, with the feasibility with mean score of 4.15 with both categories; (3) the learning achievement of class VIII student of SMPN 5 Yogyakarta increases after using e-learning.Keywords: e-learning, scientific approach, natural sciences