bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Declining Basal Motion Dominates the Long‐Term Slowing of Athabasca Glacier, Canada
Authors: Armstrong William H. , Polashenski David , Truffer Martin , Horne Greg , Hanson Jacob B. , Hawley Robert L. , Hengst Anthony M. , Vowels Lily , Menounos Brian , Wychen Wesley Van
Published: September 2022

Globally, glaciers are shrinking in response to climate change, with implications for global sea level rise as well as downstream ecosystems and water resources. Sliding at the ice‐bed interface (basal motion) provides a mechanism for glaciers to respond rapidly to climate change. While the short‐term dynamics of glacier basal motion (<10 years) have received substantial attention, little is known about how basal motion and its sensitivity to subglacial hydrology changes over long (>50 year) timescales—this knowledge is required for accurate prediction of future glacier change. We compare historical data with modern estimates from field and satellite data at Athabasca Glacier and show that the glacier thinned by 60 m (−21%) over 1961–2020. However, a concurrent increase in surface slope results in minimal change in the average driving stress (−6 kPa and −4%). These geometric changes coincide with relatively uniform slowing (−15 m a−1 and −45%). Simplified ice modeling suggests that declining basal motion accounts for most of this slow down (91% on average and 46% at minimum). A decline in basal motion can be explained by increasing basal friction resulting from geometric change in addition to increasing meltwater flux through a more efficient subglacial hydrologic system. These results highlight the need to include time‐varying dynamics of basal motion in glacier models and analyses. If these findings are generalizable, they suggest that declining basal motion reduces the flux of ice to lower elevations, helping to mitigate glacier mass loss in a warming climate.
Haze Pollution in the Unstable Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over the West Bank of Taiwan Strait Induced by Regional Transport of PM2.5
Authors: Jiang Y. C. , Zhao T. L. , Tan C. H. , Li F. , Zheng Q. P. , Shu Z. Z. , Ma X. D. , Zheng H. , Lv Q. Y.
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the regional transport of particulate matter (PM2.5) leading to air pollution in Fuzhou, in the west bank of the Taiwan Strait (WBTS), which has a relatively good air quality with a lower aerosol optical depth than that of East China. The continental polluted aerosol zone over the coast of East China was identified as an aerosol transport belt, and the daily aerosol dynamics observed by MODIS remote sensing indicated the southward transport of fine particulate matter to the WBTS along the coast. The external air pollutants from regional transport contributed 84% of the PM2.5 detected in Fuzhou, while only 16% due to local emissions of air pollutants. The northerly winds of the cold front drove the southward transport of polluted air masses along the coast of the northwest Pacific from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) to the WBTS. The vertical mixing of air pollutants from the upper boundary layer to the surface layer could be conducive to regional‐transport‐induced haze pollution in this coastal area of the WBTS. Fuzhou is considered a receptor region of PM2.5 transport in Eastern China, and the source region is mainly from the YRD. The results of this study have significant implications on determining the source of pollution and controlling local air quality for good air quality regions. This study also shed some light on using multi‐satellites to fill the surface observation gaps in coast or nearshore areas, and to confirm the characteristics and passways of aerosol transport.
People Need to Think Bigger About Volcanic Catastrophes
Authors: Gammon Katharine
Published: September 2022

New research outlines the risk of catastrophic eruptions and urges policymakers to support more widespread monitoring.
Reply to Comment by Troshichev et al. on “The Use of Invalid Polar Cap South (PCS) Indices in Publications”
Authors: Stauning P.
Published: September 2022

The publication by Stauning (2022b, 10.1029/2022JA030355): “The use of invalid Polar Cap South (PCS) indices in publications.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2022JA030355 is based on values of the PCS indices derived at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) by the authors of the Comment and made available at the web portal maintained by the International Service of Geomagnetic Indices (ISGI) supported by the International Association for Geomagnetism and Aeronomy and also at the web portal maintained by AARI. One PCS version (“pre‐2021PCS”) comprises a series of indices spanning 1997–2021 published by AARI up to December 2021 and by ISGI up to April 2022. Since no other PCS version has been in play at AARI prior to 2021, this version, labeled “provisional” by ISGI, was beyond doubt used in the 9 publications listed in the commented publication by Stauning (2022b, 10.1029/2022JA030355). A modified PCS version (“post‐2021PCS”) was published by AARI in December 2021 and recently by ISGI (May 2022). The pre‐2021PCS version has been proven invalid by many examples of unfounded excessive index excursions and also by comparisons with indices of the post‐2021PCS index version. Its devaluating imprints on the publications issued by AARI between 2014 and 2021 are indisputable regardless of later modifications of the PCS index series.
Near‐Surface Oceanic Kinetic Energy Distributions From Drifter Observations and Numerical Models
Authors: Arbic Brian K. , Elipot Shane , Brasch Jonathan M. , Menemenlis Dimitris , Ponte Aurélien L. , Shriver Jay F. , Yu Xiaolong , Zaron Edward D. , Alford Matthew H. , Buijsman Maarten C. , Abernathey Ryan , Garcia Daniel , Guan Lingxiao , Martin Paige E. , Nelson Arin D.
Published: September 2022

The geographical variability, frequency content, and vertical structure of near‐surface oceanic kinetic energy (KE) are important for air‐sea interaction, marine ecosystems, operational oceanography, pollutant tracking, and interpreting remotely sensed velocity measurements. Here, KE in high‐resolution global simulations (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model; HYCOM, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model; MITgcm), at the sea surface (0 m) and at 15 m, are compared with KE from undrogued and drogued surface drifters, respectively. Global maps and zonal averages are computed for low‐frequency (<0.5 cpd), near‐inertial, diurnal, and semidiurnal bands. Both models exhibit low‐frequency equatorial KE that is low relative to drifter values. HYCOM near‐inertial KE is higher than in MITgcm, and closer to drifter values, probably due to more frequently updated atmospheric forcing. HYCOM semidiurnal KE is lower than in MITgcm, and closer to drifter values, likely due to inclusion of a parameterized topographic internal wave drag. A concurrent tidal harmonic analysis in the diurnal band demonstrates that much of the diurnal flow is nontidal. We compute simple proxies of near‐surface vertical structure—the ratio 0 m KE/(0 m KE + 15 m KE) in model outputs, and the ratio undrogued KE/(undrogued KE + drogued KE) in drifter observations. Over most latitudes and frequency bands, model ratios track the drifter ratios to within error bars. Values of this ratio demonstrate significant vertical structure in all frequency bands except the semidiurnal band. Latitudinal dependence in the ratio is greatest in diurnal and low‐frequency bands.
Magnetofossils and Benthic Foraminifera Record Changes in Food Supply and Deoxygenation of the Coastal Marine Seafloor During the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Wagner Courtney L. , Stassen Peter , Thomas Ellen , Lippert Peter C. , Lascu Ioan
Published: September 2022

Continental shelf sediments along the northeast continental margin of North America contain a magnetofossil‐rich interval deposited during the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), an abrupt global warming event that occurred ∼56 Ma. These magnetofossils were produced by magnetotactic bacteria and unidentified, iron‐biomineralizing organisms. Previous work shows three distinct magnetofossil endmembers identified from principal component analysis of first‐order reversal curves (FORC‐PCA). The relative proportions of these magnetofossil endmembers varied over time during the PETM. Benthic foraminiferal species associations from the same sediments also vary during the PETM. Here, we compare the variability in magnetofossils and benthic foraminifera and statistically test, for the first time, whether they are significantly correlated. We find that changes in the type of magnetofossils present within the sediment correspond to changes in benthic foraminiferal assemblages, thus reflecting syndepositional conditions such as changes in oxygen, nutrients, and organic carbon concentrations, rather than diagenetic processes. We also find that magnetofossil‐producing organisms may respond to specific environmental pressures differently than benthic foraminifera, and in some cases, may better record these environmental signals. Therefore, FORC‐PCA on magnetofossil‐rich sediments can be used to understand discrete changes in ocean and/or early sediment chemistry over episodes of climate change. These environmental responses are inferred from non‐destructive, reproducible magnetic measurements, adding an independent environmental proxy to more commonly studied microfossil and geochemical proxies. Notably, these measurements only require small bulk sediment samples and do not need to contain calcium carbonate, making this approach ideal where sample material is limited and the record is affected by ocean acidification.
RNA modifications: importance in immune cell biology and related diseases
Authors: Cui Lian , Ma Rui , Cai Jiangluyi , Guo Chunyuan , Chen Zeyu , Yao Lingling , Wang Yuanyuan , Fan Rui , Wang Xin , Shi Yuling
Published: September 2022

RNA modifications have become hot topics recently. By influencing RNA processes, including generation, transportation, function, and metabolization, they act as critical regulators of cell biology. The immune cell abnormality in human diseases is also a research focus and progressing rapidly these years. Studies have demonstrated that RNA modifications participate in the multiple biological processes of immune cells, including development, differentiation, activation, migration, and polarization, thereby modulating the immune responses and are involved in some immune related diseases. In this review, we present existing knowledge of the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of RNA modifications, includingN6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C),N1-methyladenosine (m1A),N7-methylguanosine (m7G),N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), pseudouridine (Ψ), uridylation, and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, and summarize their critical roles in immune cell biology. Via regulating the biological processes of immune cells, RNA modifications can participate in the pathogenesis of immune related diseases, such as cancers, infection, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We further highlight the challenges and future directions based on the existing knowledge. All in all, this review will provide helpful knowledge as well as novel ideas for the researchers in this area.
Assessment and feedback in dental education: a journey
Authors: Bissell Vince , Dawson Luke J.
Published: September 2022

The authors describe their personal experience of responding to changing perceptions of best practice and the expanding evidence base, in relation to assessment and feedback in dental education. Changes at a particular dental school over the years are described, along with a more general outlook, culminating in suggestions for future directions.
Soft shape-programmable surfaces by fast electromagnetic actuation of liquid metal networks
Authors: Ni Xinchen , Luan Haiwen , Kim Jin-Tae , Rogge Sam I. , Bai Yun , Kwak Jean Won , Liu Shangliangzi , Yang Da Som , Li Shuo , Li Shupeng , Li Zhengwei , Zhang Yamin , Wu Changsheng , Ni Xiaoyue , Huang Yonggang , Wang Heling , Rogers John A.
Published: September 2022

Low modulus materials that can shape-morph into different three-dimensional (3D) configurations in response to external stimuli have wide-ranging applications in flexible/stretchable electronics, surgical instruments, soft machines and soft robotics. This paper reports a shape-programmable system that exploits liquid metal microfluidic networks embedded in an elastomer matrix, with electromagnetic forms of actuation, to achieve a unique set of properties. Specifically, this materials structure is capable of fast, continuous morphing into a diverse set of continuous, complex 3D surfaces starting from a two-dimensional (2D) planar configuration, with fully reversible operation. Computational, multi-physics modeling methods and advanced 3D imaging techniques enable rapid, real-time transformations between target shapes. The liquid-solid phase transition of the liquid metal allows for shape fixation and reprogramming on demand. An unusual vibration insensitive, dynamic 3D display screen serves as an application example of this type of morphable surface.
CNS myelination requires VAMP2/3-mediated membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Lam Mable , Takeo Koji , Almeida Rafael G. , Cooper Madeline H. , Wu Kathryn , Iyer Manasi , Kantarci Husniye , Zuchero J. Bradley
Published: September 2022

Myelin is required for rapid nerve signaling and is emerging as a key driver of CNS plasticity and disease. How myelin is built and remodeled remains a fundamental question of neurobiology. Central to myelination is the ability of oligodendrocytes to add vast amounts of new cell membrane, expanding their surface areas by many thousand-fold. However, how oligodendrocytes add new membrane to build or remodel myelin is not fully understood. Here, we show that CNS myelin membrane addition requires exocytosis mediated by the vesicular SNARE proteins VAMP2/3. Genetic inactivation of VAMP2/3 in myelinating oligodendrocytes caused severe hypomyelination and premature death without overt loss of oligodendrocytes. Through live imaging, we discovered that VAMP2/3-mediated exocytosis drives membrane expansion within myelin sheaths to initiate wrapping and power sheath elongation. In conjunction with membrane expansion, mass spectrometry of oligodendrocyte surface proteins revealed that VAMP2/3 incorporates axon-myelin adhesion proteins that are collectively required to form nodes of Ranvier. Together, our results demonstrate that VAMP2/3-mediated membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes is indispensable for myelin formation, uncovering a cellular pathway that could sculpt myelination patterns in response to activity-dependent signals or be therapeutically targeted to promote regeneration in disease.
A nanodispersion-in-nanograins strategy for ultra-strong, ductile and stable metal nanocomposites
Authors: Li Zan , Zhang Yin , Zhang Zhibo , Cui Yi-Tao , Guo Qiang , Liu Pan , Jin Shenbao , Sha Gang , Ding Kunqing , Li Zhiqiang , Fan Tongxiang , Urbassek Herbert M. , Yu Qian , Zhu Ting , Zhang Di , Wang Y. Morris
Published: September 2022

Nanograined metals have the merit of high strength, but usually suffer from low work hardening capacity and poor thermal stability, causing premature failure and limiting their practical utilities. Here we report a “nanodispersion-in-nanograins” strategy to simultaneously strengthen and stabilize nanocrystalline metals such as copper and nickel. Our strategy relies on a uniform dispersion of extremely fine sized carbon nanoparticles (2.6 ± 1.2 nm) inside nanograins. The intragranular dispersion of nanoparticles not only elevates the strength of already-strong nanograins by 35%, but also activates multiple hardening mechanisms via dislocation-nanoparticle interactions, leading to improved work hardening and large tensile ductility. In addition, these finely dispersed nanoparticles result in substantially enhanced thermal stability and electrical conductivity in metal nanocomposites. Our results demonstrate the concurrent improvement of several mutually exclusive properties in metals including strength-ductility, strength-thermal stability, and strength-electrical conductivity, and thus represent a promising route to engineering high-performance nanostructured materials.
Efficient quantum state tomography with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Schmale Tobias , Reh Moritz , Gärttner Martin
Published: September 2022

Modern day quantum simulators can prepare a wide variety of quantum states but the accurate estimation of observables from tomographic measurement data often poses a challenge. We tackle this problem by developing a quantum state tomography scheme which relies on approximating the probability distribution over the outcomes of an informationally complete measurement in a variational manifold represented by a convolutional neural network. We show an excellent representability of prototypical ground- and steady states with this ansatz using a number of variational parameters that scales polynomially in system size. This compressed representation allows us to reconstruct states with high classical fidelities outperforming standard methods such as maximum likelihood estimation. Furthermore, it achieves a reduction of the estimation error of observables by up to an order of magnitude compared to their direct estimation from experimental data.
Orbital-selective Mott and Peierls transition in HxVO2
Authors: Kim Soyeun , Backes Steffen , Yoon Hyojin , Kim Woojin , Sohn Changhee , Son Junwoo , Biermann Silke , Noh Tae Won , Park Se Young
Published: September 2022

Materials displaying metal-insulator transitions (MITs) as a function of external parameters such as temperature, pressure, or composition are most intriguing from the fundamental point of view and also hold high promise for applications. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is one of the most prominent examples of MIT having prospective applications ranging from intelligent coatings, infrared sensing, or imaging, to Mott memory and neuromorphic devices. The key aspects conditioning possible applications are the controllability and reversibility of the transition. Here we present an intriguing MIT in hydrogenated vanadium dioxide, HxVO2. The transition relies on an increase of the electron occupancy through hydrogenation on the transition metal vanadium, driving the system insulating by a hybrid of two distinct MIT mechanisms. The insulating phase observed in HVO2 with a nominal d2 electronic configuration contrasts with other rutile d2 systems, most of which are metallic. Using spectroscopic tools and state-of-the-art many-body electronic structure calculations, our investigation reveals a correlation-enhanced Peierls and a Mott transition taking place in an orbital-selective manner cooperate to stabilize an insulating phase. The identification of the hybrid mechanism for MIT controlled by hydrogenation opens the way to radically design strategies for future correlated oxide devices by controlling phase reversibly while maintaining high crystallinity.
Highly durable and sustainable heterogeneous fabric using in-and-out fluorinated urethane coating for elimination of bacteria and oil–water separation
Authors: Choi Moonhyun , Park Sohyeon , Choi Woojin , Kim Youna , Cho Kyeong Min , Heo Jiwoong , Kim Min-Kun , Jung Heesoo , Jin Youngho , Lee Sangmin , Hong Jinkee
Published: September 2022

To address the poor oil–water separation efficiency and bactericidal properties of existing oil–water separation membranes for the treatment of industrial oily wastewater discharge, this study designed an in-and-out coating material for modifying the inner site and outer surface of porous activated carbon fabric (ACF) using urethane reactions. To this end, fluorinated polyurethane (F-PU) coating materials were synthesized using perfluoroalkyl alcohol, ethylene glycol (EG), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). Subsequently, the inner and outer surface of the ACF were coated with F-PU via the urethane reaction of the hydroxyl groups (–OH) of the surface of ACF and the isocyanates of F-PU. The successfully fabricated in-and-out F-PU-coated heterogeneous fabric exhibited excellent hydrophobic properties, anti-scratch performance, oil–water separation performance, and bacterial penetration blocking efficiency (>99% for gram negative and gram positive bacteria). Furthermore, the in-and-out-coated ACF exhibited high durability, and retained its bacterial penetration blocking performance after scratch tests.
Strategic complexity and cognitive skills affect brain response in interactive decision-making
Authors: Reverberi Carlo , Pischedda Doris , Mantovani Marco , Haynes John-Dylan , Rustichini Aldo
Published: September 2022

Deciding the best action in social settings requires decision-makers to consider their and others’ preferences, since the outcome depends on the actions of both. Numerous empirical investigations have demonstrated variability of behavior across individuals in strategic situations. While prosocial, moral, and emotional factors have been intensively investigated to explain this diversity, neuro-cognitive determinants of strategic decision-making and their relation with intelligence remain mostly unknown. This study presents a new model of the process of strategic decision-making in repeated interactions, first providing a precise measure of the environment’s complexity, and then analyzing how this complexity affects subjects’ performance and neural response. The results confirm the theoretical predictions of the model. The frequency of deviations from optimal behavior is explained by a combination of higher complexity of the strategic environment and cognitive skills of the individuals. Brain response correlates with strategic complexity, but only in the subgroups with higher cognitive skills. Furthermore, neural effects were only observed in a fronto-parietal network typically involved in single-agent tasks (the Multiple Demand Network), thus suggesting that neural processes dealing with cognitively demanding individual tasks also have a central role in interactive decision-making. Our findings contribute to understanding how cognitive factors shape strategic decision-making and may provide the neural pathway of the reported association between strategic sophistication and fluid intelligence.
Recursive state and parameter estimation of COVID-19 circulating variants dynamics
Authors: Silva Daniel Martins , Secchi Argimiro Resende
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 pandemic response with non-pharmaceutical interventions is an intrinsic control problem. Governments weigh social distancing policies to avoid overload in the health system without significant economic impact. The mutability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, vaccination coverage, and mobility restriction measures change epidemic dynamics over time. A model-based control strategy requires reliable predictions to be efficient on a long-term basis. In this paper, a SEIR-based model is proposed considering dynamic feedback estimation. State and parameter estimations are performed on state estimators using augmented states. Three methods were implemented: constrained extended Kalman filter (CEKF), CEKF and smoother (CEKF & S), and moving horizon estimator (MHE). The parameters estimation was based on vaccine efficacy studies regarding transmissibility, severity of the disease, and lethality. Social distancing was assumed as a measured disturbance calculated using Google mobility data. Data from six federative units from Brazil were used to evaluate the proposed strategy. State and parameter estimations were performed from 1 October 2020 to 1 July 2021, during which Zeta and Gamma variants emerged. Simulation results showed that lethality increased between 11 and 30% for Zeta mutations and between 44 and 107% for Gamma mutations. In addition, transmissibility increased between 10 and 37% for the Zeta variant and between 43 and 119% for the Gamma variant. Furthermore, parameter estimation indicated temporal underreporting changes in hospitalized and deceased individuals. Overall, the estimation strategy showed to be suitable for dynamic feedback as simulation results presented an efficient detection and dynamic characterization of circulating variants.
Decreased fecal calprotectin levels in Spondyloarthritis patients colonized by Blastocystis spp.
Authors: Chaparro-Olaya Jacqueline , Morales Liliana , León Falla Moisés David , Hernández Paula C. , Bautista-Molano Wilson , Ramos-Casallas Alejandro , de Ávila Juliette , Bello-Gualtero Juan Manuel , Cortés Muñoz Fabián , Romero-Sánchez Consuelo
Published: September 2022

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory systemic diseases mainly characterized by inflammation in the spine and/or peripheral joints. Although a link between SpA-pathogenesis, intestinal inflammation and gut dysbiosis has been proposed, studies have been focused on bacteria-host interactions and very little has been reported regarding intestinal parasites. Here, intestinal parasitic infection of 51 SpA-patients were evaluated and compared to healthy control individuals. No significant differences in the frequency of any parasite between SpA-patients and control individuals were found. Significantly higher levels of fecal calprotectin (FCP) were found in the SpA-patients compared to the control individuals. However, FCP levels were the same when comparing SpA-patients and control individuals, both colonized by Blastocystis spp. On the other hand, when comparing Blastocystis spp. colonized and Blastocystis spp. free SpA-patients, FCP levels were significantly higher in those Blastocystis spp. free. Without ignoring the small sample size as a study limitation, the results showed that in the SpA-patients colonized by Blastocystis spp., the FCP levels were significantly lower than those in the Blastocystis spp. free group and comparable to those in the control group. These findings seem to suggest a relationship between Blastocystis spp. and intestinal inflammation in SpA-patients, but studies intended to explore that interaction specifically should be designed.
Mud and burnt Roman bricks from Romula
Authors: Badica P. , Alexandru-Dinu A. , Grigoroscuta M. A. , Burdusel M. , Aldica G. V. , Sandu V. , Bartha C. , Polosan S. , Galatanu A. , Kuncser V. , Enculescu M. , Locovei C. , Porosnicu I. , Tiseanu I. , Ferbinteanu M. , Savulescu I. , Negru M. , Batalu N. D.
Published: September 2022

Sesquipedalian mud and burnt bricks (second to third century AD) were excavated from the Roman city of Romula located in the Lower Danube Region (Olt county, Romania). Along with local soils, bricks are investigated by petrographic analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray microtomography (XRT), thermal analysis (DTA-TG), Mӧssbauer spectroscopy, magnetometry, colorimetry, and mechanical properties assessment. The results correlate well with each other, being useful for conservation/restoration purposes and as reference data for other ceramic materials. Remarkably, our analysis and comparison with literature data indicate possible control and wise optimization by the ancient brickmakers through the recipe, design (size, shape, and micro/macrostructure), and technology of the desired physical–chemical–mechanical properties. We discuss the Roman bricks as materials that can adapt to external factors, similar, to some extent, to modern “smart” or “intelligent” materials. These features can explain their outstanding durability to changes of weather/climate and mechanical load.
Ultrasound features of multinodular goiter in DICER1 syndrome
Authors: Niedziela Marek , Muchantef Karl , Foulkes William D.
Published: September 2022

DICER1 syndrome is caused by germline pathogenic mutations in the DICER1 gene. Multinodular goiter (MNG) is a common clinical feature of DICER1 syndrome in children and adults. The aim of this study was to determine the ultrasound (US) characteristics of MNG in patients with DICER1 syndrome. This retrospective study evaluated thyroid US in patients with DICER1 germline mutations (DICER1mut+) performed between 2011 and 2018 at a single center by the same pediatric endocrinologist, and the images were re-examined by an independent pediatric radiologist from another academic center. Patients < 18 years with DICER1mut+ and DICER1mut+ parents without previous thyroidectomy were included. Ultrasound phenotypes of MNG in the setting of DICER1 mutations were compared with known US features of thyroid malignancy. Thirteen DICER1mut+ patients were identified (10 children, 3 adults). Three children had a normal thyroid US; therefore, thyroid abnormalities were assessed in seven children and three adults. In both children and adults, multiple (≥ 3) mixed (cystic/solid) nodules predominated with single cystic, single cystic septated and single solid nodules, occasionally with a “spoke-like” presentation. All solid lesions were isoechogenic, and in only one with multiple solid nodules, intranodular blood flow on power/color Doppler was observed. Remarkably, macrocalcifications were present in all three adults. The spectrum of ultrasonographic findings of MNG in DICER1mut+ patients is characteristic and largely distinct from typical features of thyroid malignancy and therefore should inform physicians performing thyroid US of the possible presence of underlying DICER1 syndrome.
Spatially resolved measurement of helium atom emission line spectrum in scrape-off layer of Heliotron J by near-infrared Stokes spectropolarimetry
Authors: Chatani Tomoki , Shikama Taiichi , Ueno Yohei , Kado Shinichiro , Kawazome Hayato , Minami Takashi , Matoike Ryota , Murakumo Minato , Kobayashi Shinji , Ohshima Shinsuke , Iwata Akihiro , Oishi Tetsutaro , Ishizawa Akihiro , Nakamura Yuji , Okada Hiroyuki , Konoshima Shigeru , Mizuuchi Tohru , Nagasaki Kazunobu , Hasuo Masahiro
Published: September 2022

For plasma spectroscopy, Stokes spectropolarimetry is used as a method to spatially invert the viewing-chord-integrated spectrum on the basis of the correspondence between the given magnetic field profile along the viewing chord and the Zeeman effect appearing on the spectrum. Its application to fusion-related toroidal plasmas is, however, limited owing to the low spatial resolution as a result of the difficulty in distinguishing between the Zeeman and Doppler effects. To resolve this issue, we increased the relative magnitude of the Zeeman effect by observing a near-infrared emission line on the basis of the greater wavelength dependence of the Zeeman effect than of the Doppler effect. By utilizing the increased Zeeman effect, we are able to invert the measured spectrum with a high spatial resolution by Monte Carlo particle transport simulation and by reproducing the measured spectra with the semiempirical adjustment of the recycling condition at the first walls. The inversion result revealed that when the momentum exchange collisions of atoms are negligible, the velocity distribution of core-fueling atoms is mainly determined by the initial distribution at the time of recycling. The inversion result was compared with that obtained using a two-point emission model used in previous studies. The latter approximately reflects the parameters of atoms near the emissivity peak.
FathomNet: A global image database for enabling artificial intelligence in the ocean
Authors: Katija Kakani , Orenstein Eric , Schlining Brian , Lundsten Lonny , Barnard Kevin , Sainz Giovanna , Boulais Oceane , Cromwell Megan , Butler Erin , Woodward Benjamin , Bell Katherine L. C.
Published: September 2022

The ocean is experiencing unprecedented rapid change, and visually monitoring marine biota at the spatiotemporal scales needed for responsible stewardship is a formidable task. As baselines are sought by the research community, the volume and rate of this required data collection rapidly outpaces our abilities to process and analyze them. Recent advances in machine learning enables fast, sophisticated analysis of visual data, but have had limited success in the ocean due to lack of data standardization, insufficient formatting, and demand for large, labeled datasets. To address this need, we built FathomNet, an open-source image database that standardizes and aggregates expertly curated labeled data. FathomNet has been seeded with existing iconic and non-iconic imagery of marine animals, underwater equipment, debris, and other concepts, and allows for future contributions from distributed data sources. We demonstrate how FathomNet data can be used to train and deploy models on other institutional video to reduce annotation effort, and enable automated tracking of underwater concepts when integrated with robotic vehicles. As FathomNet continues to grow and incorporate more labeled data from the community, we can accelerate the processing of visual data to achieve a healthy and sustainable global ocean.
Injectable nanoporous microgels generate vascularized constructs and support bone regeneration in critical-sized defects
Authors: Patrick Matthew D. , Keys Jeremy F. , Suresh Kumar Harshini , Annamalai Ramkumar T.
Published: September 2022

Large and aberrant bone fractures require ossification and concomitant vascularization for proper healing. Evidence indicates that osteogenesis and vessel growth are coupled in bone fractures. Although the synergistic role of endothelial cells has been recognized, vascularizing large bone grafts remains a challenge and has apprehended the clinical translation of engineered bone constructs. Here, we describe a facile method to fabricate vascularized constructs using chitosan and gelatin-based microgels that promote osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) while supporting endothelial sprouting and network formation. The microgels are enzymatically degradable and had a high hydration rate with a volume swelling ratio of ~ 493% and a polymer density of ~ 431 mg/cm3, which is comparable to that of native skeletal tissues. AFM indentation of the surface showed an average Young’s modulus of 189 kPa, falling in a range that is conducive to both osteogenesis and vasculogenesis. The osteogenic microgel containing chitosan, gelatin, and hydroxyapatite, mimicking the bone matrix, supported robust attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of MSC. On the other hand, the vasculogenic microgels containing only gelatin, enriched endothelial phenotype and enabled vascular networks formation when embedded in 3D matrices. Combining the two types of microgels created a hybrid construct that sustained the functions of both osteogenic and vasculogenic microgels and enhanced one another. Using a murine model, we also show that the osteogenic microgels regenerate bone in a critical-sized defect with > 95% defect closure by week 12. These multifunctional microgels can be administered minimally invasively and can conformally fill large bone defects. This work lays the foundation to establish principles of designing multiphasic scaffolds with tissue-specific biophysical and biochemical properties for regenerating vascularized and interfacial tissues.
A plethora of ocular surface manifestations in a multidisciplinary ocular graft-versus-host disease unit
Authors: Trindade Marilia , Rodrigues Melina , Pozzebon Maria Eugenia , Aranha Francisco José Penteado , Colella Marcos Paulo , Fernandes Arthur , Fornazari Denise Oliveira , de Almeida Borges Daniel , Vigorito Afonso Celso , Alves Monica
Published: September 2022

To describe the experience in a recently created ocular graft-versus-host disease unit in a tertiary hospital and to detail ocular surface features and complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This retrospective study included all patients who underwent allo-HSCT, with or without chronic GVHD and were being monitored in the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit in the UNICAMP Clinical Hospital (Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil) from 2015 to 2020. Patients were concomitantly evaluated by hematology and ophthalmology teams of the Ocular GVHD Unit. Hematologists performed a comprehensive systemic evaluation searching and grading mouth, skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver and genitalia GVHD. While ophthalmologists evaluated ocular symptoms through specific questionnaire (Ocular Surface Disease Index—OSDI) and a protocol of distinct ocular surface parameters for dry eye disease (1) and ocular complications, which encompassed meniscometry, non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) measurement, conjunctival hyperemia quantification, meibography, fluorescein and lissamine staining and Schirmer’s test. Patients were diagnosed with chronic GVHD using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Criteria for Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. The International Chronic Ocular GVHD Consensus Group (ICOGCG) score was obtained at the onset of ocular disease presentation or afterwards. A total of 82 patients underwent allo-HSCT (97.6% full matched and 2.4% haploidentical), mainly for cases of leukemia and 73.2% had chronic GVHD. Mean onset time for chronic GVHD was 232 ± 7.75 days. The mouth, skin, and eyes were the main organs involved (63%, 50%, and 48%, respectively). Symptom scores and all ocular surface parameters differ in patients with and without chronic GVHD and along different timepoints of the follow-up. Ocular complications mostly involved were severe DED and meibomian gland dysfunction, conjunctival scarring, cataract and infections resulting in keratitis and corneal perforation. As therapeutic strategies, 73% patients received preservative-free lubricants, 27% autologous serum, 48% topical steroids, 27% oral tetracycline derivatives, 22% mucolytic eye drops and 3 patients needed bandage contact lens. Ocular GVHD is a complex and challenging disease with varied manifestations, resulting in a broad range of ocular test endpoints, and inconsistent treatment responses. The main ocular presentations were dry eye, meibomian gland dysfunction and cataracts. The therapeutic approach often involves topical steroids and autologous serum tears. It is important to monitor these patients closely, so the ocular GVHD Unit may improve the care, providing prompt identification of ocular manifestations and faster treatment of complications.
Non-thermal plasma directly accelerates neuronal proliferation by stimulating axon formation
Authors: Do Chun Byung , Jaiswal M. Shriya , Jang Yoon-Seo , Kim Uk-Kyu , Kim Gyoo-Cheon , Hwang Dae-Seok
Published: September 2022

Among the various methods, Non Thermal Plasma (NTP) has been recently introduced and is being studied to recover the damaged nerve. In the recent years, several studies have suggested that NTP accelerates nerve cell regeneration, but the mechanism remains unknown. This study evaluated the effect of NTP on neuronal proliferation in SH-SY5Y (Human neuroblastoma cells) cells differentiated by retinoic acid (RA) and investigated the mechanism by which NTP promotes cell proliferation. We analyzed the morphology of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, and performed western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunofluorescence analysis was performed in an in vivo study by categorizing Wistar A rats into three groups: non-nerve damage (Non-ND), nerve damage (ND), and nerve damage + NTP treatment (ND + NTP). The cell morphology analysis revealed that the number of cells increased and axonal elongation progressed after NTP treatment. In addition, western blots indicated that tau expression increased significantly after NTP treatment. The RT-PCR results revealed that the expression of tau, wnt3a, and β-catenin increased after NTP treatment. The in vivo immunofluorescence assay showed that NTP increased the markers for tau and S100B while regulating the over-expression of MAP2 and GAP43. NTP treatment accelerated cell proliferation and regeneration of damaged neurons in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. These results establish the fact of NTP as a noninvasive and effective treatment for nerve injury.
Evaluation of metabolites in Iranian Licorice accessions under salinity stress and Azotobacter sp. inoculation
Authors: Mousavi Seyyed Sasan , Karami Akbar , Saharkhiz Mohammad Jamal , Etemadi Mohammad , Zarshenas Mohammad Mehdi
Published: September 2022

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is an industrial medicinal plant that is potentially threatened by extinction. In this study, the effects of salinity (0 and 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)) and Azotobacter inoculation were evaluated on 16 licorice accessions. The results showed that salinity significantly reduced the fresh and dry biomass (FW and DW, respectively) of roots, compared to plants of the control group (a decrease of 15.92% and 17.26%, respectively). As a result of bacterial inoculation, the total sugar content of roots increased by 21.56% when salinity was applied, but increased by 14.01% without salinity. Salinity stress increased the content of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), phenols, and flavonoids in licorice roots by 104.6%, 117.2%, and 56.3%, respectively. Integrated bacterial inoculation and salt stress significantly increased the GA content in the accessions. Bajgah and Sepidan accessions had the highest GA contents (96.26 and 83.17 mg/g DW, respectively), while Eghlid accession had the lowest (41.98 mg/g DW). With the bacterial application, the maximum amounts of glabridin were obtained in Kashmar and Kermanshah accessions (2.04 and 1.98 mg/g DW, respectively). Bajgah and Kashmar accessions had higher amounts of rutin in their aerial parts (6.11 and 9.48 mg/g DW, respectively) when their roots were uninoculated. In conclusion, these results can assist in selecting promising licorice accessions for cultivation in harsh environments.
The interindividual variability of multimodal brain connectivity maintains spatial heterogeneity and relates to tissue microstructure
Authors: Karahan Esin , Tait Luke , Si Ruoguang , Özkan Ayşegül , Szul Maciek J. , Graham Kim S. , Lawrence Andrew D. , Zhang Jiaxiang
Published: September 2022

Humans differ from each other in a wide range of biometrics, but to what extent brain connectivity varies between individuals remains largely unknown. By combining diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), this study characterizes the inter-subject variability (ISV) of multimodal brain connectivity. Structural connectivity is characterized by higher ISV in association cortices including the core multiple-demand network and lower ISV in the sensorimotor cortex. MEG ISV exhibits frequency-dependent signatures, and the extent of MEG ISV is consistent with that of structural connectivity ISV in selective macroscopic cortical clusters. Across the cortex, the ISVs of structural connectivity and beta-band MEG functional connectivity are negatively associated with cortical myelin content indexed by the quantitative T1 relaxation rate measured by high-resolution 7 T MRI. Furthermore, MEG ISV from alpha to gamma bands relates to the hindrance and restriction of the white-matter tissue estimated by DWI microstructural models. Our findings depict the inter-relationship between the ISV of brain connectivity from multiple modalities, and highlight the role of tissue microstructure underpinning the ISV.
Dynamics of microbial community and enzyme activities during preparation ofAgaricus bisporuscompost substrate
Authors: Thai Meghann , Safianowicz Katarzyna , Bell Tina L , Kertesz Michael A
Published: September 2022

Button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) are grown commercially on a specialized substrate that is usually prepared from wheat straw and poultry manure in a microbially-mediated composting process. The quality and yield of the mushroom crop depends critically on the quality of this composted substrate, but details of the microbial community responsible for compost production have only emerged recently. Here we report a detailed study of microbial succession during mushroom compost production (wetting, thermophilic, pasteurization/conditioning, spawn run). The wetting and thermophilic phases were characterized by a rapid succession of bacterial and fungal communities, with maximum diversity at the high heat stage. Pasteurization/conditioning selected for a more stable community dominated by the thermophilic actinomycete Mycothermus thermophilus and a range of bacterial taxa including Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis and other Proteobacteria. These taxa decreased during spawn run and may be acting as a direct source of nutrition for the proliferating Agaricus mycelium, which has previously been shown to use microbial biomass in the compost for growth. Comparison of bacterial communities at five geographically separated composting yards in south-eastern Australia revealed similarities in microbial succession during composting, although the dominant bacterial taxa varied among sites. This suggests that specific microbial taxa or combinations of taxa may provide useful biomarkers of compost quality and may be applied as predictive markers of mushroom crop yield and quality.
Novel oxaliplatin(iv) complexes conjugated with ligands bearing pendant 1,2-dithiolane/1,2-diselenolane/cyclopentyl motifs
Authors: Liu Xiao , Wenisch Dominik , Barth Marie-Christin , Cseh Klaudia , Kowol Christian R. , Jakupec Michael A. , Gibson Dan , Keppler Bernhard K. , Weigand Wolfgang
Published: September 2022

Using isologous 1,2-dithiolane, 1,2-diselenolane and cyclopentyl containing analogues as axial ligands, three series of oxaliplatin(iv) complexes were synthesized. The effects of ligands on cytotoxicity profile were investigated.
A greener approach towards the synthesis of N-heterocyclic thiones and selones using the mechanochemical technique
Authors: Siddhartha  , Rangarajan Shalini , Kunchur Harish S. , Balakrishna Maravanji S.
Published: September 2022

This manuscript describes the synthesis of N-heterocyclic thiones and selones of a variety of imidazolium salts involving an eco-friendly and solventless ball-milling technique.
The redox-active Cu-FomA complex: the mode that provides coordination of CuII/CuI ions during the reduction/oxidation cycle
Authors: Walencik Paulina K.
Published: September 2022

This work combines coordination chemistry and electrochemistry to study the rules and the limitations of CuI/CuII-peptide complexes in redox reactions. Two bio-inspired CuI/CuII-peptide systems containing linear and cyclic ligands were compared.
Trivalent rare-earth metal cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene complexes
Authors: Xiao Yuyuan , Liu Ziyu , Liang Jiefeng , Yang Kexin , Huang Wenliang
Published: September 2022

The synthesis, characterization and bonding analysis of CAAC coordinated trivalent rare-earth metal alkyl and halide complexes were reported.
Dihydromyricetin alters myosin heavy chain expression via AMPK signaling pathway in porcine myotubes
Authors: Guo Zhongyang , Chen Xiaoling , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , He Jun , Zheng Ping , Luo Yuheng , Chen Hong , Yan Hui , Huang Zhiqing
Published: September 2022

Dihydromyricetin up-regulated MyHC I expression and down-regulated MyHC IIb expression via AMPK signal in porcine myotubes.
Incorporation of a cyclobutyl substituent in molecules by transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Cossy Janine , Polàk Peter , Ruer Paul C.
Published: September 2022

The incorporation of a cyclobutyl substituent in molecules, by transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling, is described by only considering the formation of C–C bonds. Three main strategies are used to introduce a cyclobutyl substituent in molecules.
Visible light induced RAFT for asymmetric functionalization of silica mesopores
Authors: Förster Claire , Veith Lothar , Andrieu-Brunsen Annette
Published: September 2022

We report the asymmetric silica mesopore functionalization and local polymer sequence control of orthogonally charged stimuli-responsive polymers and their influence on ionic transport.
Data-driven selection of electrolyte additives for aqueous magnesium batteries
Authors: Würger Tim , Wang Linqian , Snihirova Darya , Deng Min , Lamaka Sviatlana V. , Winkler David A. , Höche Daniel , Zheludkevich Mikhail L. , Meißner Robert H. , Feiler Christian
Published: September 2022

Data-driven quantitative structure–property relationship models facilitate the selection of potent electrolyte additives for aqueous magnesium batteries in an active design of experiments approach.