bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variable heavy-chain gene analysis of follicular lymphomas: subclone selection rather than clonal evolution over time
Authors: Aarts Wilhelmina M. , Bende Richard J. , Bossenbroek Janneke G. , Pals Steven T. , van Noesel Carel J. M.
Published: July 2002

To investigate B-cell receptor evolution in follicular lymphomas (FLs), immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (VH) gene regions of 3 FLs were analyzed at different time points. One FL with a high somatic mutation load and intraclonal VH gene diversity was investigated in situ. VH gene transcripts were amplified and sequenced from samples of approximately 50 tumor cells isolated from frozen tissue sections by laser microdissection. Interestingly, the mutation pattern of the prevalent subclone in the relapse biopsy was virtually identical to that of a subclone isolated by microdissection from the presentation biopsy 9 years earlier. In a second FL, proof was obtained that the subclone that dominated the relapse sample had already been present in the initial biopsy. The finding that subclones found in the relapses of these FLs had not evolved over time but were preexistent, challenges the concept of antigen-driven B-cell receptor evolution during disease course.
Aberrant dimerization of von Willebrand factor as the result of mutations in the carboxy-terminal region: identification of 3 mutations in members of 3 different families with type 2A (phenotype IID) von Willebrand disease
Authors: Enayat M. Said , Guilliatt Andrea M. , Surdhar Gurcharan K. , Jenkins P. Vincent , Pasi K. John , Toh Cheng Hock , Williams Michael D. , Hill Frank G. H.
Published: July 2002

The 3′ end of the VWF gene was screened in the affected members of 3 different families with type 2A (phenotype IID) von Willebrand disease (vWD). Exons 49 to 52 of the VWF gene were amplified and screened for mutations by chemical cleavage mismatch detection. Mismatched bands were detected in exon 52 of 2 patients and in exon 51 of a third patient. Using direct DNA sequencing, a heterozygous G8562A transition leading to a Cys2008Tyr substitution was found in all the patients in family 1, and a T8561A transversion leading to a Cys2008Ser substitution was found in both patients from family 2. In a patient from a third family, an 8-base deletion from nucleotide 8437 to 8444 was identified in exon 51. The 2 mutations in exon 52 were reproduced by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis of full-length von Willebrand factor (vWF) cDNA and transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. The corresponding recombinant VWFs for these 2 mutations exhibited the typical aberrant vWF:Ag multimer pattern seen in the plasma of the patients. These 3 mutations demonstrate the importance of other carboxy-terminal cysteines in addition to the reported Cys2010 residue, in the normal dimerization of vWF, and their essential role in the assembly of normal multimeric vWF.
Overexpression of ornithine decarboxylase enhances endothelial proliferation by suppressing endostatin expression
Authors: Nemoto Takahiro , Hori Hisae , Yoshimoto Masataka , Seyama Yousuke , Kubota Shunichiro
Published: July 2002

Angiogenesis, an essential process for tumor growth, is regulated by endothelial proliferation factors and their inhibitors such as endostatin. Endostatin, a carboxyl-terminal fragment of type XVIII collagen, inhibits endothelial proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a molecule that is overexpressed in various cancers, is associated with promoting tumor growth and angiogenesis. We found that ODC-overexpressing human cancer cells and breast cancer specimens showed suppressed expression of type XVIII collagen and endostatin. We hypothesized that ODC overexpression may facilitate angiogenesis in tumors by suppressing endostatin expression. ODC-overexpressing COS cells, which showed suppressed type XVIII collagen and endostatin expression, were established. Conditioned media derived from these cells, containing decreased levels of endostatin, induced significant endothelial proliferation. ODC-overexpressing cells, when transplanted into nude mice, suppressed type XVIII collagen expression and promoted neovascularization in vivo. Thus, overexpression of ODC facilitates endothelial proliferation by suppressing endostatin expression.
How Spiteful Are We? Validation of the Spitefulness Scale in Spaniards
Authors: Pineda David , Rico‐Bordera Pilar , Ballester‐Pascual Miriam , Piqueras José A. , Galán Manuel
Published: November 2024

Spitefulness has been defined as the willingness to cause some kind of harm to other people, even if this action does not bring any benefit and causes harm to herself. Given its relationship with a multitude of antisocial behaviors, interest in studying this trait has been growing and it was in 2014 when the first scale to measure it was validated: the Spitefulness Scale. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of its Spanish version. In a sample of 758 participants (M = 31.44; SD = 12.91; 72.80% female), the Spitefulness Scale, the Short Dark Triad, the Assessment of Sadistic Personality, the HEXACO‐60, and the Global Assessment of Internet Trolling were administered. Results showed the unidimensionality of the scale, adequate reliability indices, and construct validity, evidenced by positive relationships with the Dark Tetrad traits and trolling behavior. Additionally, the analysis revealed significant gender differences, with males scoring higher on spitefulness. This Spanish validation allows us to establish a solid basis for cross‐cultural comparisons. Understanding this trait, considered like the Dark Tetrad traits an antagonistic personality trait, has important implications for understanding the interpersonal and social dynamics. Given that spitefulness is closely related to aggressive behaviors, it is essential to study it to understand the underlying mechanisms of aggression and hostility in social interactions.
The Pleasure of Revenge Predicts Both Vengeful and Benevolent Motivations Toward the Provocateur
Authors: Dyduch‐Hazar Karolina , Mrozinski Blazej , Golec de Zavala Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Three studies (N = 860) examined whether the pleasure of revenge predicts both vengeful and benevolent motivations toward the provocateur. Across all studies, self‐reported positive affect was higher, whereas self‐reported negative affect was lower after an instance of revenge. Furthermore, the revenge‐related positive affect predicted greater subsequent vengeful and benevolent motivations toward the provocateur (but more consistently the former). These findings replicate and extend previous research on affect‐improving qualities of revenge. They allow for a more nuanced understanding of the reinforcing nature of vengeful pleasure. Moreover, they suggest that the pleasure of revenge might be harnessed to promote forgiveness.
Functional and Practical Insights Into the Genetic Basis of Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Casares‐Marfil Desiré , Sawalha Amr H.
Published: November 2024

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare vasculitis characterized by inflammation of large arteries. Although the exact etiology of TAK remains unclear, a genetic predisposition to the disease has been established. Large‐scale genetic studies have significantly contributed to the identification of genetic variation associated with immune‐mediated diseases. To date, five genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed in TAK, identifying multiple genetic susceptibility loci across the genome. Here, we summarize the major findings from GWAS in TAK and provide an in silico functional evaluation of the associated loci (P < 5 × 10−8) and variants in high linkage disequilibrium with them (r2 > 0.8). By exploring gene expression and chromatin interaction data, we identified candidate causal genes in TAK, some of them with well‐known functional implications. The analysis of transcription factor motifs within TAK‐associated loci revealed enrichment of the STAT and RUNX families, both characterized by their role in immune functions and inflammatory responses. The enrichment in biological processes in susceptibility loci confirmed the involvement of specific immune‐related pathways in TAK. Further, we devised and calculated a cumulative genetic risk score for TAK and confirmed differences in genetic risk for the disease among ancestries. Finally, we provide a practical guide to communicate genetic information for TAK to patients and families.
Hydrogen‐Driven Phase Differentiation in BN Nucleation on Diamond
Authors: Cheng Ting , Bets Ksenia V. , Yakobson Boris I.
Published: November 2024

Boron nitride has attracted scientific interest in recent years due to its potential use in electronics, both as hexagonal (hBN) and cubic (cBN) phases. While both are successfully realized through chemical vapor deposition, the heteroepitaxial growth of cBN on another iconic semiconductor, diamond is plagued with mixed‐phase formation. Employing first‐principles computations and a nanoreactor approach, the BN phase preferences are explored on diamond (001) controlled—as it is discovered—by the hydrogen gas concentration. In a limited‐hydrogen environment, the initial BN‐island expands along the diamond surface, forming a 3D metastable cubic phase that grows in the direction normal to the basal plane through kinetically‐limited nucleation, thus overcoming the thermodynamic preference toward the hBN phase. Comparatively, the amorphous phase is favored in the absence of hydrogen, while the hexagonal phase dominates at its high levels, elucidating numerous experimental observations. A obtained kinetic phase diagram connects the phase with hydrogen chemical potential to facilitate targeted phase selection. The results suggest that gas‐mediated nucleation kinetics provide feasible control for the precise synthesis. It also offers valuable guidance for the controllable synthesis of desired BN phases and advances research toward potential BN electronics.
Zeolite‐Based “Particle Board” Membranes for Rapid and Selective Hydrogen Permeation
Authors: Pang Jia , Qiao Lu , Wang Hongbin , Zhang Caiyan , Yu Liting , Fan Weidong , Fan Lili , Wang Rongming , Kang Zixi , Sun Daofeng
Published: November 2024

Zeolites, with their well‐defined pore sizes and outstanding stability, are regarded as the quintessential material for precise molecular separation tasks. However, the leap from easily produced zeolite powders to synthesizing free‐standing zeolite membranes, which can fully leverage their ordered porosity, presents substantial technical hurdles. Addressing this challenge, this study introduces polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1) as adhesives through a wrapping‐compression method for the facile fabrication of high‐performance and free‐standing zeolite (FAU) “particle board” membranes. The 3D tomogram reconstruction from the focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscope images reveals the “particle board” membranes exhibit hierarchical porous structures. The non‐interconnecting macropores between zeolite particles facilitate the rapid H2 permeation, and the zeolites’ ordered micropores sieve the gas molecules. The optimized FAU@PIM‐1 free‐standing membrane with hierarchically pore structures demonstrated hydrogen permeance (2240 GPU) alongside H2/CH4 selectivity (31.68) for mixed gas and maintained this performance level under pressure ranges from 1.2 to 4.0 bar and over protracted operational periods (up to 3200 h). Meanwhile, EMT and MFI‐type zeolites have also been successfully applied to validate the versatility of this method, demonstrating its widespread potential for the fabrication of various free‐standing zeolite membranes.
Extremely Ultrahigh Stretchable Starch‐Based Hydrogels with Continuous Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Zhao Jing , Chen Ran , Cheng Dongmin , Yang Xinyi , Zhang Hong , Zheng Junping , Hu Ruofei
Published: November 2024

Natural polysaccharides‐based hydrogels have drawn extensive attention yet have been plagued by less desirable stretchability due to their inherent nature. Here, ultra‐stretchable starch‐based hydrogels (amylopectin/polyacrylamide, AAM) are developed by constructing reversible intramolecular physical interactions. This strategy endows the hydrogel with exceedingly ultrahigh deformation due to a continuous hydrogen bonding network. It can be stretched from less than 0.5 to >300 cm without breakage that the elongation exceeds 600 times the original length. The elongation collected by the universal testing machine reaches up to 36 000% without breakage outperforming previous reports and demonstrating extraordinary stretchability. Furthermore, an interwoven structure of hydrogen bonding interaction and trace covalent bonds make the stress of hydrogel reach 0.28 MPa, accompanied by an ultra‐high strain of 22 500% and significant toughness (47 MJ·m−3). The hydrogel displays high transparency (≈93%), low‐temperature resistance, moisturizing property, and extraordinary interfacial adhesion property. Intriguingly, the aqueous precursor can act as inks to prepare various forms of hydrogel within minutes through the facile writing or drawing method. This hydrogel verifies strong potential in both fields of human motion sensor (After long‐term or low‐temperature conditions) and energy storage. This study will facilitate the progress of ultra‐stretchable or multifunctional hydrogels.
Nanotechnology for Nasopharyngeal Cancer Therapy and Improving Drug Stability and Biodistribution
Authors: Shao Minmin , Moradialvand Madineh , Della Sala Francesca , Khorsandi Zahra , Borzacchiello Assunta , Paiva‐Santos Ana Cláudia , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Hushmandi Kiavash , Wang Xiangdong , Iravani Siavash , Makvandi Pooyan , Xu Yi
Published: November 2024

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a challenging malignancy with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and resistance to conventional treatments. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions to address these limitations by enabling targeted drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and facilitating multimodal treatment strategies. By leveraging the unique properties of nanomaterials and nanocarrier systems, innovative approaches for early detection, targeted treatment, and multimodal therapy can be developed, paving the way for more effective and personalized management of NPC. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments and applications of nanotechnology in NPC therapy, focusing on improving drug stability, biodistribution, and targeted delivery to NPC tumors.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Proto/Carboboration of Enyne Boronates for the Synthesis of Densely Substituted Diene Diboronates
Authors: Ghosh Suman , Chakrabortty Rajesh , Kumar Shailendra , Ganesh Venkataraman
Published: November 2024

A copper‐catalyzed carbo‐/protoboration of boryl enynes is disclosed, providing access to an array of penta‐ and hexasubstituted diboryl dienes in a chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselective manner. All six positions of the dienes can be manipulated using this methodology. The hexasubstituted diene boronates adopt a skew conformation. An iterative Suzuki coupling of the products provided highly conjugated trienes and tetraenes.
Rational Design of Two Well‐Compatible Dimeric Acceptors Through Regulating Chalcogen‐Substituted Conjugated Backbone Enable Ternary Organic Solar Cells with 19.4% Efficiency
Authors: Feng Wanying , Bai Yuyang , Wang Jia , Zhong Yanyi , Wang Jiaying , Chen Tianqi , Zhang Jiangbin , Han Kai , Wan Xiangjian , Kan Bin , Chen Yongsheng
Published: November 2024

To enhance the performance of dimeric acceptors (DMAs) based organic solar cells (OSCs), two new DMAs, designated as DC9‐HD and DYSe‐3, are rationally developed and employed to fabricate ternary OSCs. The substitution of the sulfur atom on the outer ring of the fused‐ring core of DC9‐HD with a selenium atom resultes in the red‐shifted DYSe‐3. Despite these minor differences, DC9‐HD and DYSe‐3 possess nearly identical conjugated skeletons, which contribute to their similar packing motifs and crystallinities, ultimately enabling a high degree of miscibility between two DMAs. Upon incorporating DYSe‐3 into the host PM6:DC9‐HD binary blend, fibril‐like morphologies featured with diameters of ≈16.9 nm and reduced charge recombination are observed in the PM6:DC9‐HD:DYSe‐3 ternary blend. More importantly, owing to their long exciton diffusion lengths and low voltage losses, a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.4% is achieved for the ternary OSCs, alongside a delicate balance between open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current density. This super result is comparable to the best performance of oligomer acceptor based OSCs reported to date. Furthermore, the proposed ternary strategy, which combines one polymer donor and two well‐compatible DMAs, not only retains the advantages of DMAs but also offers a streamlined approach for fabricating high‐performance ternary OSCs.
Anthropometric Studies of Schoolchildren During the First Decades of the 20th Century in Spain and Argentina
Authors: Cesani María Florencia , Montero Marisa González , Serrano María Dolores Marrodán
Published: November 2024

Objective

The practice of anthropometry in schools at the beginning of the 20th century originated in Europe and Latin America in conjunction with the emergence of hygienism and epidemiological auxology. The aim of this work is to deepen the knowledge of these practices in Spain and Argentina and to compare the available growth data in order to identify possible differences between the populations.

Methods

The anthropometric data of 1693 boys and girls aged 7–15 years (877 Spanish; 816 Argentinean) from the period between 1903 and 1913 were analyzed. The data were taken from the Reports and Memoirs of the School Colonies of the National Pedagogical Museum (Spain) and the Archives of Pedagogy and Related Sciences of the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences of the National University of La Plata (UNLP) (Argentina).

Results

The most pronounced differences in weight and height were observed between the ages of 11 and 12. The weight growth of Spanish schoolchildren was 22% (boys) and 24% (girls) lower than that of their Argentine counterparts, while linear growth was about 7% lower for both sexes. In addition, the Spanish had a lower body mass index up to the age of 12 years.

Conclusions

Argentine boys and girls of La Plata were taller and heavier than their Spanish counterparts of Madrid during the same period (between 1903 and 1913). These results can be attributed to the higher standard of living that characterized the Argentine population at that time.
Relative facial width, and its association with canine size and body mass among chimpanzees and bonobos: Implications for understanding facial width‐to‐height ratio expression among human populations
Authors: Balolia Katharine L. , Baughan Kieran , Massey Jason S.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Facial width‐to‐height ratio (fWHR) has been widely investigated in the context of its role in visual communication, though there is a lack of consensus about how fWHR serves as a social signal. To better understand fWHR variation in a comparative context, we investigate the associations between fWHR and canine crown height (CCH) and body mass, respectively, among two chimpanzee subspecies (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus).

Materials and Methods

We collected landmark data from 3D surface models of 86 Pan cranial specimens to quantify fWHR and upper CCH, and to estimate body mass. We used Spearman's r and Kruskal‐Wallis tests to test for significant relationships among variables, and to assess sexual dimorphism.

Results

There is an inverse relationship between fWHR and CCH in both sexes of Pan, however there are interpopulation differences in the relationship between fWHR and CCH among Pan taxa. Pan paniscus have relatively wide faces and small canine crowns, and wide faces in Pan t. schweinfurthii males may be driven by body size constraints. Pan troglodytes and Pan paniscus show fWHR dimorphism, and Pan paniscus have significantly higher fWHRs than do either Pan troglodytes subspecies.

Discussion

Our findings indicate that CCH and facial breadth may serve subtly different signaling functions among Pan taxa. Further research into the circumstances in which wide faces evolved among chimpanzees and bonobos will likely afford deeper insights into the function of relatively wide faces in the context of visual signaling among humans and our extinct hominin relatives.
Sulfurized Composite Interphase Enables a Highly Reversible Zn Anode
Authors: Wu Lu , Yuan Hao , An Yongkang , Sun Jianguo , Liu Yu , Tang Han , Yang Wei , Cui Lianmeng , Li Jinghao , An Qinyou , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Xu Lin , Mai Liqiang
Published: November 2024

The stability and reversibility of Zn anode can be greatly improved by in situ construction of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Zn surface via a low‐cost design strategy of ZnSO4 electrolyte. However, the role of hydrogen bond acceptor ‐SO3 accompanying ZnS formation during SEI reconstruction is overlooked. In this work, we have explored and revealed the new role of ‐SO3 and ZnS in the in situ formed sulfide composite SEI (SCSEI) on Zn anode electrochemistry in ZnSO4 aqueous electrolytes. Structure characterization and DFT demonstrate that the introduction of ‐SO3 can not only reduce the dehydration energy of [Zn(H2O)6]2+, but also enhance the stability of the ZnS/Zn interface and homogenize the ZnS/Zn interface electric field, thereby significantly improving the dynamic kinetics and uniform deposition of Zn2+. Owing to the synergistic effect of ZnS and ‐SO3, a high cycling stability of 1500 h with a cumulative‐plated capacity of 7.5 Ah cm−2 at 10 mA cm−2 has been achieved within the symmetrical cell. Furthermore, the full cell with NH4V4O10 cathode exhibits outstanding cyclic stability, exceeding 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1 and maintaining a Coulombic efficiency of 100 %. These new insights into anionic synergistic strategy could significantly enhance the practical application of zinc‐ion batteries.
Regulated Charge Transfer in Donor‐Acceptor Metal–Organic Frameworks for Highly‐Sensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Xu Zhiyun , Chandresh Abhinav , Mauri Anna , Esmaeilpour Meysam , Monnier Vincent , Odobel Fabrice , Heinke Lars , Wenzel Wolfgang , Kozlowska Mariana , Diring Stéphane , Haldar Ritesh , Wöll Christof
Published: November 2024

In photo‐induced charge separation, organic thin films with donor and acceptor chromophores are vital for uses such as artificial photosynthesis and photodetection. The main challenges include optimizing charge separation efficiency and identifying the ideal acceptor/donor ratio. Achieving this is difficult due to the variability in molecular configurations within these typically amorphous organic aggregates. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a structured solution by enabling systematic design of donor/acceptor blends with adjustable ratios within a crystalline lattice. We demonstrate this approach by incorporating donor and acceptor naphthalenediimide (NDI) chromophores as linkers in a highly oriented, monolithic MOF thin film. By adjusting the NDI acceptor linker concentration during the layer‐by‐layer assembly of surface‐anchored MOF thin films (SURMOFs), we significantly enhanced charge separation efficiency. Surprisingly, the optimum acceptor concentration was only 3 %, achieving a forty‐fold increase in photodetection efficiency compared to baseline NDI donor‐based SURMOFs. This unexpected behaviour was clarified through theoretical analysis enabled by the well‐defined crystalline structure of the SURMOFs. Using density functional theory and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we identified two opposing effects from acceptors: the positive effect of suppressing undesirable charge carrier recombination is offset at high concentrations by a reduction in charge‐carrier mobility.
Strong Replaces Weak: Hydrogen Bond‐Anchored Electrolyte Enabling Ultra‐Stable and Wide‐Temperature Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Peng Zhongyou , Tang Ling , Li Shulong , Tan Licheng , Chen Yiwang
Published: November 2024

Despite aqueous electrolytes offer a great opportunity for large‐scale energy storage owing to their safety and cost‐effectiveness, their practical application suffers from the parasitic side reactions and poor temperature adaptability stemming from weak hydrogen‐bond (HB) network in free water. Here, we propose the guiding thought “strong replaces weak” to design hydrogen bond‐anchored electrolyte by introducing sulfolane (SL) for disrupting the regular weak HB network and contributing to superior temperature tolerance. Judiciously combined experimental characterization and theoretical calculation confirm that SL can remodel the primary solvation shell of metal ions, customize stable electrode interface chemistry and restrain the side reactions. Consequently, symmetric supercapacitor constructed by activated carbon (AC) electrodes is able to fully work within a voltage range of 2.4 V and reach high capacitance retention of 89.8 % after 60000 cycles. Additionally, Zn anodes exhibit ultra‐stable Zn plating/stripping behaviors and a wide temperature range (−20–60 °C), and zinc‐ion capacitor (Zn//AC) also delivers an excellent cycling stability with capacity retention of 99.7 % after 55000 cycles, implying that the designed electrolyte has practical application potential in extreme environments. This work proposes a novel critical solvation strategy that paves the route for the construction of ultra‐stable and wide‐temperature aqueous energy storage devices.
The role of genus Bacillus in biodegradation of microcystins: Implications for the removal of cyanotoxins from tropical freshwaters
Authors: Wijesooriya Madhuni Madhushika , Masakorala Kanaji , Kumari Widana Gamage Shirani Manel
Published: November 2024

The proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms poses a threat to the ecosystem and human health. Microcystins (MCs) are the most frequently detected cyanotoxin released by cyanobacteria, including Microcystis sp. Our study aimed to isolate potential MC‐degrading bacteria in Sri Lankan freshwater and determine their possible MC‐degradation pathways. Twenty‐two morphologically distinct bacterial strains from 13 freshwater bodies were isolated following the enrichment assay. MC‐biodegradation assays further confirmed the MC‐degradation potential of 21 strains, with Bacillus being the predominant genus. The strain Bacillus altitudinis BL1, isolated from Beira Lake, showed the highest efficiency in Microcystis sp. cell lysis (80%) and MC‐degradation (87%). PCR assay results confirmed the absence of mlrABCD genes in all strains, indicating the presence of uncharacterized alternative MC‐degradation mechanisms that require further exploration. The dual functions of Microcystis sp. cell lysis and MC‐degradation in 21 strains support developing efficient bacteria‐mediated strategies to remediate microcystins and eradicate Microcystis‐blooms in tropical freshwaters.
Nitrifying bacteria for the remediation of organic nitrogen‐contaminated waters: a review
Authors: Sanoja‐López Kelvin Adrian , Loor‐Molina Nikolt S. , Luque Rafael
Published: November 2024

The rapid growth of the world's population and its environmental impact has increased the demand for effective water treatment methods. Surface water systems, including rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds, have suffered contamination, leading to the urgent need for effective contaminant removal. Organic nitrogen compounds and nitrates are of particular concern because they pose risks to health and can cause environmental damage. However, traditional water‐treatment methods often prove ineffective for addressing these issues. For this reason, this research focuses on harnessing the capabilities of nitrifying bacteria to denitrify organic nitrogen compounds in water, exploring various bacterial strains, their functions, and their ability to obtain sources of carbon. The study also investigates innovative approaches such as biofilm systems, mixed cultures, and combined processes, which have shown stronger potential for nitrogen removal. Overall, it provides valuable insights into the use of nitrifying bacteria‐based technologies for water remediation in the face of growing environmental challenges.
Advanced Polymer Composites for Effective Removal of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Pollutants From Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Rajadurai Vijayalakshmi , Annal Umaiyambika Neduvel , Elango Duraisamy , Santhi Vivek Mariappan , Devanesan Sandhanasamy , Dixit Saurav , Vatin Nikolai Ivanovich , Lo Huang‐Mu
Published: November 2024

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is extensively utilized in industrial applications, posing significant environmental and health risks because of its persistence and toxicity. Effective elimination methods are vital to mitigate its adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. In this study, we investigate the potential of biomass‐derived polymer composite for PFOA adsorption in aqueous solution. Due to its unique surface interaction and porosity, the polymer‐based composite derived from sustainable biomass sources exhibits favorable adsorption characteristics. The physicochemical properties of polymer composites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM‐EDS, XPS, and BET analysis. The polymer composites reached a maximum PFOA adsorption efficiency about 93.3% under optimized conditions determined by Box Behnken Design. The Langmuir isotherm model revealed and provided an adsorption capacity of PFOA about 13.98 mg g−1. Moreover, the polymer‐based composites demonstrated reusability, with removal rates of PFOA ranging from 93.3% to 52% over the course of four cycles after desorption. Our findings underscore the possibility of biomass‐derived polymer composites as long‐term and effective adsorbents for PFOA removal from aqueous environments.
A rare primary cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma in the axilla accompanied by lymph node metastasis: A case report
Authors: Zhu Xudong , Li Shenglong
Published: November 2024

Primary cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma is an extremely rare tumor, and to the best of our knowledge, it has never been reported to occur in the axilla. Furthermore, the pathological and clinical factors of cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma are poorly understood and may considerably affect prognosis and treatment. Here, we report a case of a 44‐year‐old male patient who was diagnosed with primary cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma in the axilla accompanied by extensive lymph node metastasis. After an enlarged resection of the left axillary mass, axillary lymph node dissection, and the administration of postoperative chemotherapy and local radiotherapy, there were no signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis. At the time of manuscript preparation, the patient was recurrence‐free. This case may contribute to the clinical management, diagnosis, and treatment of primary cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma.
Emotion as Cause, Effect, Mediator, and Moderator in Marketing: An Integrative Review and Future Research Directions
Authors: Aeron Suchi , Rahman Zillur
Published: November 2024

The study aims to synthesize four decades of research on emotions in marketing by delving into the specifics of who, where, how, what and when. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, 453 articles from top marketing journals were analysed. The study first presents a descriptive account of publication and citation metrics and theoretical underpinning, resolving contestation around emotion function as cause, effect, mediator and moderator. Secondly, using science mapping, along with performance and content analysis landscape of emotion research is unravelled by identifying eight clusters. These clusters placed on development timelines provide a bird's eye view and are presented on a three‐level categorization: Theory, Characteristics and Context. Clusters 1 and 2 focus on theoretical underpinning of emotion interrelationship with cognition and construal. Clusters 3 and 4 emphasized unique characteristics of emotion as antecedents and outcomes to/of evaluations/behaviours. Clusters 5, 6, 7, and 8 emphasized distinct emotional settings—notably, cluster 5 accounts for emotion interaction across service encounters and elements of service interface. Cluster 6 emphasizes effectiveness, advantage and measurement of emotion in advertising. Cluster 7 highlights how emotions are profoundly shaped by and influence social interactions/behaviour, and Cluster 8 underscores emotion embedded in brands, products and life experiences. Finally, a diverse yet unified field of emotion research in marketing is advocated by reflecting on findings, identifying opportunities for cross‐pollination, highlighting cluster‐specific future research directions and developing an integrative framework. The framework, beyond decision‐making, synthesizes distinct ways emotion arises and permeates marketplace and accounts for alternate lenses to emotion functioning, promoting newer research.
Invasive Candidiasis: A Promising Approach Using Jatropha Dioica Extracts and Nanotechnology
Authors: Fernández‐Villascan Carlos , Patiño‐Herrera Rosalba , Patino Ivonne , Octavio Sánchez Vargas Luis , Salado‐Leza Daniela , Pérez Elías
Published: November 2024

Candida albicans, a common fungal organism, often lives harmlessly in the human body. However, under certain conditions, it can turn into a dangerous pathogen, causing infections that range from mild to life‐threatening. With rising resistance to antifungal treatments, understanding and controlling this opportunistic fungus has never been more crucial. This study highlights the potential of combining natural plant extracts, specifically the aqueous (JdextAq) and ethanolic (JdextEt) extracts of Jatropha dioica, with nanotechnology in the form of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) to combat this persistent pathogen. FTIR spectra revealed significant interactions between the metabolites and MNPs, specifically through binding to the Fe3+ and Fe2+ sites. The average size of the MNPs was 11±3 nm, and they are non‐toxic even at high concentration (500 μg/ml). The same effect is observed with JdextEt; however, JdextAq is cytotoxic at this concentration. The JdextAq‐MNPs hybrid is toxic even at very low concentrations (250–50 μg/ml). All materials demonstrated high inhibition against C. albicans. At safe concentrations for cell viability, MNPs (500 μg/ml) and JdextEt‐MNPs (500–50 μg/ml) achieved the highest inhibition rates of 97.13 % and 97.56 %, respectively. As antifungal resistance rises, these findings pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies against this opportunistic pathogen.
Biochanin A Induces Apoptosis in MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cells through Mitochondrial Pathway and Pi3K/AKT Inhibition
Authors: Wang Dianxiu , Zheng Chuyi , Chen Bo , Ma Shuang
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Biochanin A inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Cultured MCF‐7 cells were divided into four groups: Group 1‐control, while Groups 2, 3, and 4 were treated with Biochanin A at different concentrations. After treatment, the cells were monitored, and morphological changes were examined after 24 h of incubation. The results showed that Biochanin A inhibited cell proliferation, increased reactive oxygen species formation, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that Biochanin A‐treated cells exhibited lower expression of the Bcl‐2, p‐PI3K and p‐AKT and higher expression of proapoptotic genes, including Bax, Caspase‐3, Caspase‐9, and cytochrome c. Additionally, PCR array analysis indicated that the gene expression levels of cyclin D3, cyclin B1, CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 were downregulated, while the expression levels of p21, p27, and p53 were significantly upregulated. These results suggest that Biochanin A can suppress the viability of breast cancer cells and induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, along with inhibition of the Pi3K/Akt signaling pathway and modulation of cell cycle markers.
Realization of an Elusive U(III) Imido Complex
Authors: Reinhart Erik D. , Studvick Chad M. , Billow Brennan S. , Odom Aaron L. , Popov Ivan A. , Boncella James M.
Published: November 2024

Reduction of Cp*(TrippTerN)UI with KC8 generates (KCp*(TrippTerN)UI)2, the first example of a trivalent uranium imido, a previously elusive species, which are commonly unstable. Experimental and computational results indicate that the K+ coordination is responsible for this isolable U(III) monoimido complex.
Enhancing the Chemical Stability of P12L24 Cage: Transformation of the Chemically Labile Imine Cage into a Robust Carbamate Cage
Authors: Lee Hochan , Dhamija Avinash , Gunnam Anilkumar , Hwang Ilha , Kim Kimoon
Published: November 2024

Herein, we report enhancement in chemical stability of the imine‐based porphyrinic cage P12L24 by converting it into a robust carbamate porphyrinic cage, c‐P12L24, through a two‐step post‐synthetic modification process. First, the imine bonds in P12L24 were reduced to form an amine‐based cage, r‐P12L24, followed by carbamation using N,N′‐carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) to yield c‐P12L24. The resulting carbamate cage exhibits high stability under acidic and basic conditions (pH 1–13) and in the presence of moisture. 1H NMR, DOSY NMR, and DFT calculations revealed that reducing the imine bonds to amine increases the framework's flexibility, causing partial structural collapse, whereas the carbamate formation restores structural rigidity. The insertion of a 4.0 nm molecular ruler into the cavity of zinc‐metallated c‐P12L24 via metal‐ligand coordination further confirmed restoration of the cavity size and geometry of the original cage. This enhancement of chemical stability through carbamate formation can pave the way to a wide range of potential applications for the gigantic porphyrinic cage.
Design of Mechanics‐Guided Helmet Pad and Its Protection Performance Against the Blast Shock Waves
Authors: Wang Zhidong , Duan Shuhuai , Liu Wenhang , Lu Yongtao , Wu Chengwei , Ma Guojun
Published: November 2024

The blast shock waves generated by the explosion are severe threat to soldiers on the battlefield, while the helmets currently equipped for the soldiers cannot offer sufficient blast protection. Some helmet pads have been developed to improve the protection performance of the combat helmets against shock waves. However, it remains unclear how to design the helmet pads to protect the head more effectively against blast shock waves. This study aims to design a new mechanics‐guided helmet pad and evaluate its protection performance by numerical simulations. The design of the new helmet pad is guided by the oblique reflection theory (ORT), and the advanced combat helmet (ACH) pad is applied for comparison. The protection performance of the pads against blast waves from two directions (frontal and lateral) was investigated. The differences in the distributions of overpressure inside the helmet using two types of pads were analyzed, and the intracranial pressure (ICP) of head was compared. The ORT‐guided pads can reduce the overpressure inside the helmet, minimizing the possibility of blast‐induced traumatic brain injury. Furthermore, the underwash phenomenon can also be controlled when the new pads are applied. The results in this study provide an important theoretical basis and some guidelines on the design of helmet pads for the protection of human brain from blast shock waves.
Impact of time from diagnosis to endoscopic submucosal dissection on curability in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sato Daiki , Sasabe Maasa , Mitsui Tomohiro , Furue Yasuaki , Yoshii Takako , Hara Hiroki , Oka DaiJi , Fukuda Takashi , Yoda Yusuke
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate the time delay effect from initial diagnosis to endoscopic submucosal dissection on superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma curability, considering the preoperative invasion depth.

Methods

This study included superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed as T1a‐epithelial/lamina propria mucosa cancer (cEP/LPM; cancer invading up to the lamina propria mucosa) or cT1a‐muscularis mucosa (MM)/T1b‐submucosal cancer (cMM/SM1; cancer invading up to 200 µm into the submucosa) and treated using endoscopic submucosal dissection from January 2017 to December 2021. We compared curability in lesions treated within three months (early treatment group) versus those treated ≥7 months post‐diagnosis (delayed treatment group). Curative resection criteria included lesions confined within the muscularis mucosae, with negative vertical margins, and with absence of lymphovascular invasion. Non‐curative resection included all other cases.

Results

Among the 231 and 75 lesions in the early and delayed treatment groups, respectively, no significant difference was observed in non‐curative resections for all lesions and cEP/LPM lesions (early: 194, delayed: 70). Conversely, the proportions were significantly higher in the delayed treatment group than in the early treatment group for cMM/SM1 lesions (early: 37, delayed: 5; p = 0.018).

Conclusions

This study suggests that delayed endoscopic submucosal dissection does not significantly affect cEP/LPM lesions curability but is associated with reduced cMM/SM1 lesions curability. Prompt treatment is important for cMM/SM1, whereas delayed treatment may be acceptable for cEP/LPM.
Camouflage or Coincidence? Investigating the Effects of Spatial and Temporal Environmental Features on Feral Cat Morphology in Tasmania
Authors: Paton Alexandra J. , Brook Barry W. , Buettel Jessie C.
Published: November 2024

Variations in coat morphology are well documented among felids and are theorised to aid in camouflage during stalk and ambush hunting. A diverse array of coat types has arisen in Felis catus (feral cats) through domestication and subsequent selective breeding. This species has successfully spread across Australia over the past 200 years, raising the question of whether any specific coat types offer an adaptive advantage. We used 24,657 camera‐trap images of feral cats in Tasmania, Australia, and assigned each cat observation a coat colour and pattern. We analysed these data to examine how different spatial features affect the modal coat type present at a site. We also tested if cats with differing coat types were active on different days in response to temporal features, including moon luminosity (full or new). Elevation was positively associated with the presence of orange (odds ratio = 2.5, 97.5% confidence interval = 1.5, 4.4) and tortoiseshell (odds ratio = 4.1, CI = 1.6, 10.5) cats, while blotched brown cats were negatively associated with elevation (odds ratio = 0.64, CI = 0.5, 0.9), relative to black cats. Brown mackerel cats were more common in eucalypt and rainforests (odds ratio = 1.9, CI = 1.1, 3.3), as well as sites with a higher FPAR (odds ratio = 1.3, CI = 1.1, 1.6). All coat types were 1.2–2 times more likely to be active on nights with a new moon, except for orange cats who were equally active regardless of moon luminosity (odds ratio = 0.94, CI = 0.62, 1.42). Our results indicate that coat types are equally successful across Tasmania, perhaps owing to naïve prey or limited predator competition. The high activity of orange cats irrespective of moon phase may be reflective of the male cat's tendency to patrol territory, as opposed to favouring dark nights for hunting. Future studies should consider comparing the coat types found in feral cats to adjacent domestic populations, and against a wider array of habitat types to further investigate the potential for selective pressure on feral cat coat types in Australia.
Phylogeography of Pleurospermum foetens (Apiaceae) From the Sky Islands of Southwest China
Authors: Yu Shuliang , Zhang Jieyu , Li Zhimin , Li Wensheng , Ma Xiangguang , Sun Wenguang
Published: November 2024

Sky islands provide insights on how glacial–interglacial cycles have shaped species distribution and help for predicting species' responses to climate warming. The alpine subnival belt of southwest China, especially in the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent areas, is sky island‐like. Among them, the Yunnan‐Kweichow Plateau harbors several isolated mountains with well‐developed alpine subnival vegetation, sharing a similar species composition with the Hengduan Mountains. However, the relationship between the sky islands of the Hengduan Mountains and the Yunnan‐Kweichow Plateau remains insufficiently explored. Pleurospermum foetens (Apiaceae) is a species endemic to the alpine screes of the Yunnan‐Kweichow Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains. We used DNA sequence data from 59 individuals across 9 populations, combined with ecological niche modeling, to investigate the evolution history and future distribution of P. foetens within this sky island region. The results indicate the following: (1) P. foetens exhibits a significant phylogeographic structure and can be classified into three nrDNA clades and two cpDNA clades, respectively, (2) a nuclear‐plastid discordance observed in P. foetens and its relatives based on phylogenetic analysis. P. foetens is monophyletic in the nrDNA phylogeny, while two major clades (HDM and YGP) are present in the cpDNA phylogeny, each forming a clade with other congeneric species. (3) Ecological niche modeling of P. foetens indicated that the species had the most extensive suitable habitat during the last glacial maximum (LGM). However, anticipated climate warming in the coming decades is expected to reduce the suitable range of P. foetens, posing a significant threat to isolated marginal populations (e.g., Shizi Mountain) with restricted alpine scree habitats. In conclusion, our study highlights the substantial effect of sky island and glacial–interglacial cycles on the population divergence of P. foetens. Conservation efforts for marginal populations of alpine plants in the Yunnan‐Kweichow Plateau require increased attention and prioritization.
Integrating Systematic Surveys With Historical Data to Model the Distribution of Ornithodoros turicata americanus, a Vector of Epidemiological Concern in North America
Authors: Botero‐Cañola Sebastian , Torhorst Carson , Canino Nicholas , Beati Lorenza , O'Hara Kathleen C. , James Angela M. , Wisely Samantha M.
Published: November 2024

Globally, vector‐borne diseases are increasing in distribution and frequency, affecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Science‐based management and prevention of these diseases requires a sound understanding of the distribution and environmental requirements of the vectors and hosts involved in disease transmission. Integrated Species Distribution Models (ISDM) account for diverse data types through hierarchical modeling and represent a significant advancement in species distribution modeling. We assessed the distribution of the soft tick subspecies Ornithodoros turicata americanus. This tick species is a potential vector of African swine fever virus (ASFV), a pathogen responsible for an ongoing global epizootic that threatens agroindustry worldwide. Given the novelty of this method, we compared the results to a conventional Maxent SDM and validated the results through data partitioning. Our input for the model consisted of systematically collected detection data from 591 sampled field sites and 12 historical species records, as well as four variables describing climatic and soil characteristics. We found that a combination of climatic variables describing seasonality and temperature extremes, along with the amount of sand in the soil, determined the predicted intensity of occurrence of this tick species. When projected in geographic space, this distribution model predicted 62% of Florida as suitable habitat for this tick species. The ISDM presented a higher TSS and AUC than the Maxent conventional model, while sensitivity was similar between both models. Our case example shows the utility of ISDMs in disease ecology studies and highlights the broad range of geographic suitability for this important disease vector. These results provide important foundational information to inform future risk assessment work for tick‐borne relapsing fever surveillance and potential ASF introduction and maintenance in the United States.