bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Genotype × Environment Dynamics for Grain Yield in QPM Hybrids through AMMI, GGE Biplot, and MTSI approach
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Kumar Santosh , GK Chikkappa , Das Abhijit Kumar , Dhonde Somnath , Kaur Yashmeet , Kumar Sushil , Shukla Shanu , Rakshit Sujay
Published: January 2025

The study meticulously assessed 77 experimental and eight commercial QPM hybrids across three distinct Indian locales employing statistical tools: AMMI, GGE, and MTSI to identify the best-suited hybrids for all these regions as well as to identify the mega-environment. The environment predominantly shaped hybrid performance, influencing 4.24-68.12% of the variance, while genotype and genotype-environment interaction ranged from 13.43-37.76% and 18.45-57.99%, respectively. GGE biplots identified hybrids G77 (DQL 2490 × DQL 2709) and G85 (DQL 2513 × DQL 2709) as exemplary in yield and stability, surpassing commercial checks. Impressively, the MTSI technique highlighted these hybrids, alongside 11 others, as elite performers, aligning closely with anticipated stability and mean values. Furthermore, environmental stratification amalgamated the test locales into a singular mega-environmental category. AMMI-derived Yield Stability indices unequivocally endorsed hybrids G77 and G85 for their exemplary stability profiles. Crucially, these high-yielding, resilient hybrids not only promise to fortify food and nutritional security but also resonate with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), exemplifying their pivotal role in advancing national nutritional objectives and broader global sustainability targets.
Characterization of vegetable soybean (Edamame) germplasm and assessment of optimal food quality traits
Authors: Pardeshi Priya P. , Sonkamble Priti A. , Rathod Darasing R. , Gangtire Dhiraj R. , Jadhav Pravin V. , Sakhare Sanjay B. , Nandanwar Ravindra S. , Varghise Philip
Published: January 2025

Vegetable soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) stands out among pulse crops, boasting high protein content and serving as a rich source of iron and zinc. Recognizing its potential to address malnutrition and enhance nutritional security in India, the present study was conducted to screen vegetable soybean germplasm based on yield and quality attributes. A set of 35 genotypes, including advanced lines derived from the crossbreeding of grain and vegetable soybeans and varieties both types. Comparative analyses of nutritional traits at the R6 and R8 stages, as well as organoleptic parameters, were conducted. Genotypes VS-1-17-17, VS-2-141-17, and VS-5-265-17 displayed superior quality traits as compared to traditional grain-type soybeans. Notably, VS-2-141-17 stood out for exceptional nutritional and sensory attributes. Organoleptic assessments identified AGS-459, AGS-457, and AGS-450 as superior in taste, texture, and overall acceptability. The present findings offer valuable insights for future vegetable soybean cultivation and breeding in India, contributing to enhanced breeding practices. The present study may be relevant for breeders, researchers, and farmers exploring the potential of vegetable soybeans.
A combination of analytical methods dissects genotype × environment interaction precisely and facilitates the selection of potential new field corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids.
Authors: Mukri Ganapati , Gowtham KV , Gadag R.N. , Sen Ramraj , Kumar Santosh , Swain Digbijaya , Singh K.K. , Shilpa Kumari , Prabha Chandra , Bhat Jayant S.
Published: January 2025

Grain yield is influenced by environmental interactions. Multi-Environment Testing (MET) is vital to validate the performance of hybrids. To understand the grain yield and stability performance of hybrids across the major corn (Zea mays L.) growing regions in India, thirty field corn hybrids were grown in five diverse environments in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) during Kharif, 2021. The grain yield data from all five environments showed highly significant (p<0.01) variance due to genotype, environment, and G×E interaction. AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) analysis illustrated the relationship between high-yielding hybrids and the test environments of different corn-growing ecologies. The results of the Jharkhand and Dharwad environments exhibited short vectors which were very close to the point of origin implying the weak interactive forces. New Delhi, Mandsaur, and Bhubaneswar are distant from the origin and possessed long vectors, suggesting strong interactive forces. From GGE analysis (Genotypic main effect plus Genotype-by-Environment interaction), the first two IPCAs (Initial Principal Component Axis) account for 67% of the total variance by GEI (Genotype-Environment Interaction), with PC1 (Principle Component) (39.68%) and PC2 (27.32%). The hybrids, AH-8127 possess least AMMI Stability Value (ASV) of 0.09 attributing the highest stability, followed by AH-4551 (0.13). High and stable performing hybrids have been identified through Yield Stability Index (YSI), AH-8127, AH-4551, and AH-8089 which are suitable for all environments.
Assessing genetic variability and identifying stable soybean genotypes across rainfed and irrigated planting conditions using multi-trait stability index (MTSI)
Authors: Soni Monika , Shrivastava Manoj Kumar , Amrate Pawan K. , Sharma Stuti , Singh Yogendra , Khare Vikrant
Published: January 2025

Soybean's constrained genetic diversity renders it particularly vulnerable to environmental influences. However, genetic variability and stability across diverse planting conditions are essential prerequisites for effective soybean breeding programs. The aim of this study was to assess genetic variability and identify stable-performing soybean genotypes suitable for both rainfed and irrigated planting conditions of central India, with the goal of enhancing soybean breeding efforts. Advanced soybean breeding lines were evaluated under rainfed and irrigated conditions using a randomized complete block design. Phenotypic assessments were conducted to analyse genetic variability, associations, direct and indirect effects, employing multiple regression analysis and determining multi-trait stability index (MTSI). Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) exceeded genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits across all the environments. The high heritability (h2) was combined with substantial genetic advance, for pods per plant, seeds per plant, seed weight, biological yield, and seed yield. Correlation and regression analyses revealed consistent positive associations of biological yield and harvest index with seed yield under both the planting condition. Path analysis identified biological yield as having the highest direct effect on seed yield in rainfed and irrigated planting conditions. MTSI identified JS 22-101is the most stable and superior genotypes for rainfed and irrigated planting conditions of central India. Biological yield emerged as the primary yield-contributing trait identified through holistic approaches employed in this study. Across all traits examined JS 22-101 demonstrated stability in both rainfed and irrigated planting conditions. This study underscores the importance of refining selection criteria for optimizing soybean breeding programs, contributing to agricultural genetic enhancement.
The investigation of in-class silence behavior among adult EFL learners: A case study at a private University in Yogyakarta
Authors: Pratolo Bambang Widi , Gustriani Pabelina Virgin , Bao Dat , Priadi Arum
Published: January 2025

In the context of a foreign language classroom, oral participation is essential. The process will not be fully complete until students are willing to express their ideas and speak up to demonstrate their understanding. Students tend to stay silent more than participating in class discussions. This behavior is also known as silence. Therefore, if students do not participate in a teaching and learning process, they cannot effectively master English. The aim of this research is to investigate the underlying factors contributing to the lack of verbal participation within the English as a foreign language course at the university level and analyze which difficulties students find most influential in their silence in EFL classrooms. This research used qualitative methods, the participants in this study were students of Speaking in Professional Context class, consisting of 5 students, 3 female students, and 2 male students. The selected participants were students who tended to be silent and did not participate in class during the observation activities. Observations were conducted to find out directly the situation during the class and interviews were conducted to collect data for analysis. The research results showed that student silence in speaking classes was caused by eight factors, divided into two categories: lecturer factors and student factors. Lecturers who have an assertive personality can create an intimidating atmosphere, while unsupportive or overly critical assessments can lead to student fear. From the students' side, fear of making mistakes, especially in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary usage, can be a major factor. Lack of vocabulary can hinder students' ability to convey ideas effectively. Not understanding the learning material can also discourage students from participating. Low self-confidence and introverted personalities can also affect the level of engagement in class.
Silent dialogues: The shifting flow of silence and solitude in Tokyo Story and implications for L2 pedagogy
Authors: Harumi Seiko
Published: January 2025

This study aims to illustrate portrayals of silence and solitude in the film Tokyo Story (1953), directed by Yasujirō Ozu, and to depict the ways human relationships and bonds evolve through characters’ silent dialogues. Drawing on the intertwined concepts of silence and solitude understood as means of self and mutual reflection, and shared understanding through dialogue, this study focusses on close analysis of the interactions between a widow, Noriko, and her parents-in-law during their stay in Tokyo and Onomichi as they seek mutual support and encouragement for their future journey. This study adopts a variation of qualitative Multimodal Analysis, termed Multimodal Social Interaction Analysis, that draws upon Multimodal Discourse Analysis (Kress van Leeuwen, 2020) and Multimodal Conversational Analysis (Mondada, 2019 a, b). This modified theoretical framework was devised to explore the use of silence in films in Japanese contexts, involving the analysis of dialogues, silence, gestures, and semiotic resources such as surrounding sounds, visual stillness and cinematography. This study reveals the diverse forms and meanings of multifaceted uses of silence. These include attentive, empathetic, self-protective, shared, and truthful silence, with solitude experienced as inner dialogue underlying a character’s stream of consciousness as inner dialogue but also gradually strengthening the bonds which will have an essential role in their future paths. This study seeks to widen perspectives on silence within interaction, which acts as an implicit but facilitative interactional tool, also suggesting pedagogical implications for life-long and second language education as well as revisited humanistic approaches to understanding personal growth.
Efektivitas Model Problem Based Learning Bernuansa Etnomatematika Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Kelas V SD
Authors: Krisanti Maria , Kusuma Dani
Published: December 2024

Etnomatematika merupakan suatu penggabungan dari konsep budaya dalam matematika. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) bernuansa etnomatematika terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 30 siswa dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen kuantitatif. Uji t one sample t-test dan uji independent sample t-test merupakan metode kajian data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini. Hasil membuktikan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan nuansa etnomatematika memenuhi ketuntasan individu siswa kelas V SD pada konsep geometri volume bangun ruang sebesar 90%. Nilai rata-rata tes akhir yang diperoleh kelas eksperimen 80,70 dan kelas kontrol 77,43. Sehingga terbukti model PBL yang dipadukan unsur etnomatematika lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran biasa. Secara keseluruhan penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah bernuansa etnomatematika terbukti sangat efektif dalam memfasilitasi perolehan keterampilan pemecahan masalah yang juga relevan dengan salah satu tujuan pendidikan matematika di tingkat nasional yaitu meningkatkan kemampuan dalam menyelesaikan suatu masalah dan meningkatkan kemampuan dalam berpikir.
Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa dalam Mengerjakan Soal Berbasis AKM ditinjau dari Resiliensi Matematis
Authors: Nur Afifah Raeynisa , Patmawati Hetty , Dewi Sinta Verawati
Published: December 2024

Kemampuan penalaran merupakan kompetensi penting yang perlu dimiliki oleh setiap peserta didik dalam mempelajari matematika. Kemampuan penalaran matematis menjadi salah satu level kognitif yang diukur dalam asesmen kompetensi minimum. Soal asesmen kompetensi minimum biasanya berbentuk kontekstual dan non rutin sehingga untuk dapat menyelesaikannya membutuhkan kemampuan bernalar yang baik. Soal bentuk penalaran seringkali dianggap sulit oleh peserta didik. Tidak sedikit peserta didik merasa putus asa ketika menghadapi soal matematika yang sulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemampuan penalaran matematis dari setiap tingkat resiliensi matematis yang dimiliki peserta didik dalam mengerjakan soal berbasis asesmen kompetensi minimum. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini melibatkan 6 peserta didik kelas VIII D SMP Negeri 8 Tasikmalaya yang dipilih dari 27 peserta didik berdasarkan tingkat resiliensi matematis yang dimilikinya. Data diperoleh melalui pengisian angket, soal tes, dan wawancara. Data dianalisis melalui tiga tahap yaitu reduksi, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) peserta didik dengan kategori resiliensi matematis tinggi memenuhi semua indikator kemampuan penalaran matematis, (2) peserta didik dengan kategori resiliensi matematis sedang hanya memenuhi beberapa indikator kemampuan penalaran matematis, dan (3) peserta didik dengan kategori resiliensi matematis rendah tidak memenuhi satupun indikator kemampuan penalaran matematis.
Local Instruction Theory Pendidikan Matematika Realistik untuk Sekolah Menengah Pertama Menggunakan Konteks Tarian Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Rawani Dewi , Wartini Wartini , Delia Septimiranti
Published: December 2024

Konteks digunakan sebagai starting point dalam pembuatan desain pembelajaran matematika. Melalui konteks tarian Sumatera Selatan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan lintasan belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran barisan dan deret aritmatika yang didasarkan pada pendekatan PMRI. Penelitian ini menggunakan design research sebagai metode penelitian yang terdiri dari tiga tahap diantaranya preliminary, design experiment (pilot experiment dan teaching experiment), dan retrospective analysis. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif menggunakan metode deskriptif.  Terdapat 21 siswa kelas VIII SMP IT Miftahul Khoirot Pangkalpinang yang menjadi subjek penelitian. Penelitian ini menghasilkan serangkaian proses pembelajaran yang terlihat dari tahapan pendekatan PMRI diantaranya level informal, siswa menemukan aturan melalui posisi penari; level preformal, siswa mulai menyusun dan menggambar kembali posisi penari sebagai model of yang dilanjutkan menemukan suku ke-n dan jumlah n suku pertama sebagai model for; level formal, siswa mampu menyelesaiakan masalah kontekstual dengan menggunakan pengetahuan dan pengalaman pada level sebelumnya. Pada penelitian selanjutnya, dapat menggunakan jenis seni budaya sesuai masing-masing daerah dan menemukan konten matematika lainnya sebagai starting point yang cocok pada pembelajaran matematika.
Time structure of the average rotation measure for accretion disk in shearing box approximation
Authors: Buldakov M. A. , Andrianov A. S.
Published: December 2024

Temporal structure of the average rotation measure and the evolution of energetic characteristics of accretion disk in a shearing box approximation are considered. The temporal structure of rotation measure consists of both low- and high-frequency alternating sign oscillations. The mechanisms responsible for these oscillations and their connection with the disk dynamo are discussed. The 2D distributions and the vertical structure of rotation measure and magnetic energy are analysed for times corresponding to extrema and close to zero values of rotation measure. It is shown that the extrema of rotation measure are formed on account of several individual turbulent structures with large amplitudes that are related to magnetorotational and Parker instabilities. It is found that the spatial locations of these structures correspond to areas with high local magnetic energy. The possibility of estimating the period of disk dynamo using measurements of rotation measure is discussed. Cases of Sgr A* and M87* are considered.
The evolutionary status of the Galaxy’s X-ray binary stars
Authors: Tutukov A. V. , Fedorova A. V.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolutionary status of the X-ray binary stars of the Galaxy. It is shown that the assumption of the conservative evolution of these binary systems leads to an overestimation of the X-ray luminosity of the Galaxy by 3–4 orders. The total observed rate of accretion of matter by relativistic components of X-ray binaries is close to ~10-6⊙/yr, while the theoretically possible rate reaches ~10-2⊙/yr. The contradiction between these estimates is eliminated if two factors are taken into account. The first of them is the formation of a common envelope in massive X-ray binary systems after filling the Roche lobe by the donor and the brief phase of a bright X-ray source. The common envelope eliminates the output of X-ray radiation generated during accretion, and also leads to the loss of part of the donor’s matter from the system. The second factor is the presence of intense stellar wind of donors in massive X-ray binary, as well as the occurrence of induced stellar wind in low-mass donors due to exposure to hard radiation from an accreting relativistic star. At the same time, the generally accepted assumption that donors of X-ray binaries fill their Roche lobes may not be fulfilled. A significant part of the donor’s wind matter may be lost from the system. In addition, radiation can enhance the stellar wind of the accretion disk, and part of this wind will also leave the system. There are other factors that reduce the total number of accreted matter: supernova explosions in X-ray binaries, destroying part of these systems, the impossibility of accretion onto rapidly rotating young neutron stars with a strong magnetic field, as well as a rapid drop in the rate of loss of matter by the donor as its mass decreases, characteristic for low-mass X-ray systems.
Long-term optical spectroscopy of B[e] star CI Cam in a quiet state
Authors: Klochkova V. G. , Miroshnichenko A. S. , Panchuk V. E.
Published: December 2024

High-resolution optical spectra of the B[e] star CI Cam were obtained on arbitrary dates 2002–2023 using the 6-meter BTA telescope with the echelle spectrograph NES. The variability over time of the powerful emissions of Hα and He I profiles is found. For two-peaked emissions with «rectangular» profiles, the intensity ratio of blue-shifted and red-shifted peaks is V / R ≥ 1 , except one date. A decrease in the intensity of all two-peak emissions with «rectangular» profiles was revealed as they moved away in time from the 1998 outburst. The average radial velocity for emissions of this type for all observation dates varies in the range Vr(emis – d ) = –(50.8 – 55.7) + 0.2 km/s. The half-amplitude of the change (standard deviation) is equal to ∆Vr= 2.5 km/s. The velocity for single-peaked ion emissions (Si III, Al III, Fe III) differs little from the values of Vr(emis – d ) , but the measurement accuracy for these emissions is worse: the average error for different dates ranges from 0.4 to 1.3 km/s. The systemic velocity is assumed to be Vsys = –55.4 + 0.6 km/s according to the stable position of the forbidden emission [N II] 5754 Å. The position of single-peak emissions [O III] 4959 and 5007 Å is also stable: Vr([O III]) = –54.2 + 0.4 km/s. Emissions [O I] 5577, 6300, 6363 Å, [Ca II] 7291 and 7324 Å are absent from the spectra. Appearance of the emission near 4686 Å is an infrequent event, its intensity rarely exceeds the noise level. Only a wide asymmetric emission with an intensity of about 16% above the continuum was registered in the spectrum for 03.09.2015. Questions arise about the use of this emission to estimate the period of variability of the star and about localization of this feature in the CI Cam system. The photospheric absorptions of N II, S II, and Fe III with a variable position are identified.
Area Studies in Russia and the Challenges of the Polycentric World
Authors: Gromyko Al. A
Published: December 2024

The article is dedicated to the state of contemporary Russian area studies and their research field in the conditions of high demand for comprehensive and multifaceted approach. The author deliberates on the problem of new normality in connection with the phenomenon of partial deglobalisation. He analyses the interplay between the politics of geopolitisation of relations among leading powers and the institution of nation-state. Also, the topics of foreign interference, resilience and deep state are dwelt upon. Besides, the research looks into an issue of primary and secondary nature of the political and the economical in international relations. The significant part of the work covers the role of civilisations in area studies. The author supports the thesis that civilisational studies occupy a place between area and global studies. At the same time, he questions the validity of the application of civilisational approach to the daily politics in light of its ambivalences and numerous assumptions. Typologically, the notion of border, or multi-composite, civilisation is discussed. The article pays a significant attention to the discourse of juxtaposition of European and Russian civilisations and also raises the problems of conceptual substance of state-civilisation and criteria of historical development. The conclusion is drawn that civilisations’ spaces will continue to be porous and changeable and exposed both to augmentation and fragmentation.
ITALY’S DISCOURSIVE STRATEGIES IN GREATER MEDITERRANEAN AND AFRICA: INNOVATION AND CONTINUITY
Authors: Alekseenkova E. S
Published: December 2024

The article examines the policy of the Meloni government in the Mediterranean and Africa from the perspective of a combination of continuity and novelty in relation to the previous period. The author analyzes the conceptual documents of 2020 and 2022, as well as the approaches of previous Italian governments to interaction with the countries of the region and demonstrates that three key elements reflect the continuity of Meloni's approach: 1) normativity, i.e. the desire to formulate a new "model" of relations and play the role of the EU's "normative power" in the Mediterranean and Africa; 2) multilateralism as the need to fit Italy's policy into the EU approach, involving the widest possible range of allies and international organizations; 3) system approach as the desire to involve political institutions, diplomacy, development institutions, business and civil society to implement its policy in the region. The author concludes that despite the discursive “novelty” and activism of the Meloni cabinet, the government's policy in Africa and the Mediterranean is based on the foundation laid at the previous stage.
EU‒Africa Relations: Migration Diplomacy Approach
Authors: Bisson L. S
Published: December 2024

The article offers a fresh insight into the relations between the European Union and Africa from “migration diplomacy” perspective which is being introduced in migration and international relations research in Russia. The author notes the explanatory and predictive potential of the “migration diplomacy” concept for considering the complex relations between states within different migration systems. The analysis of interactions and cooperation of the EU, as a receiving side, with the states of origin and transit of international migrants in Africa allowed to highlight the specifics of the EU approach. The latter consists in using various diplomatic means and formats to address the problem of illegal immigration and reducing the number of asylum seekers in the EU. The increasing dependence of the European Union on cooperation with third countries results in the use of migration as a tool of political pressure by partner states. Intracontinental migration processes are at the centre of the migration diplomacy of the African continent, including those related to freedom of movement. Despite the differences in the approaches of the parties, the potential for cooperation lies in the development of channels for legal labour migration.
Competitiveness of Germany's Economic and Political Space
Authors: Belov V. B
Published: December 2024

Germany's economic Standort, as a crucial component of the European Union's broader economic and political space, largely shapes its competitiveness. In his September 2024 report on this topic, Mario Draghi gave special, though understandibly insufficient, attention to Germany's role. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the competitive strengths and weaknesses of Germany's economy. The author employs a spatial approach, viewing the German economy as a Standort product, intentionally shaped by the executive and legislative authorities at all levels, in collaboration with key stakeholders from business, academia, education, and active segments of civil society. The author concludes that inefficiencies in the federal government's economic and political activities, including inadequate dialogue with stakeholders, along with structural problems accumulated over recent decades in the national economy, have been major contributors to the decline in Germany's competitiveness. Prospects for reversing this negative trend remain uncertain. Without stronger leadership in Berlin and more effective Standort collaboration, there is a risk that Germany in the medium term.may continue to be the «sick man of Europe».
Transatlantic Economic Relations at a Crossroads
Authors: Kondratieva N. B
Published: December 2024

The article was written on the eve of the US presidential election in 2024 and is devoted to the economic aspects of modern transatlantic relations. Descriptive statistics is used to assess the role and place of the transatlantic economy in terms of gross product, export-import operations, trade of US and EU branches and investment activity. The article touches upon the interconnectedness of the economy. It tense noted that the parties remain the main source of prosperity for each other. On this basis, hypotheses has been put forward about the reasons for restarting the dialog and its instability. Taking into account the logic of well-known integration theories, the author deliberates about the predisposition of the USA and the EU to institutionalize relations with the creation of common norms. However, small advantages on the US side in the ratio of benefits from economic integration are a factor of instability and an opportunity for further competition within the transatlantic economy. Based on the analysis of official reports on the activities of the US-EU Trade and Technology Council and other documents, the author's vision of the purpose of the dialogue is formulated – to test political innovations that contribute to completing the transition of the transatlantic economy to the sixth wave of innovation and maintaining its leadership positions in the world.
The Impact of Internationalization on the Success of Western European Multinational Companies
Authors: Sutyrin S. F , Navrotskaya N. A , Vorobieva I. V
Published: December 2024

The paper deals with the results of the study aimed at assessing the influence internationalization has on the performance of leading European transnational corporations (TNCs) approximated by their company value. The authors test a hypothesis that high level of international operations results in extra competitiveness of the TNCs under review both domestically and in foreign markets. Data on about five dozen largest European non-financial companies from UNCTAD World Investment Reports for 2018‒2022 are in the focus of regression modeling analysis. The findings show no significant relationship between transnationality index changes and value of the companies under review. The authors provide some possible reasons associated with the regional peculiarities of European firms to explain the obtained results.
German-Turkish Commodities Trade in Contrast to the Decline in German Foreign Trade
Authors: Gracheva M. V
Published: December 2024

The article examines the specifics of Germany's trade with Turkey in comparison with the characteristics of all-German foreign trade. The author shows the successful development of the Turkish direction of German foreign trade after 2010, the roles of Turkey and Germany as trading partners, and examines in detail the structure of bilateral trade. Structural changes are analysed on the basis of the electronic database of German Federal Statistical Office, which allows to use the statistics in three profiles – four product groups, thirty branches and 248 product items. Particular attention is paid to the changes that occurred in 2023. The unit costs of exports and imports by product groups are calculated and a significant difference in favor of Germany is revealed for the main product group – finished products. The main branches of export and import are identified and compared with analogous branches of all-German trade flows. Based on this comparison, the peculiar features of the Turkish export market (increased role of the automotive, mechanical engineering and chemical industries, the growing importance of the production of vehicles other than cars) and the import source (increased focus on the automotive, clothing and engineering industries) are formulated. Both the most important and the most promising individual commodity items in bilateral trade are identified (the first include aircraft for export and outerwear for import, the second include auto components and cars for import). The conclusions about the likely increase in the importance of imports from Turkey and the imminent entry of this country into the top ten trading partners of Germany are substantiated.
Economic Cooperation Between the European Union and Brazil
Authors: Tayar V. M
Published: December 2024

The article is based on forecasts of international think tanks and on the studies made by foreign and Russian authors. The features of economic interaction between the European Union and Brazil are traced and characterized. Such issues as the “EU's ‒ Brazil“ strategic partnership, bilateral trade and investment cooperation, the importance of the climate agenda and the energy transition are examined. As well, the author tries to foresee possible development options for the cooperation between the EU and the South American Giant in the short and medium term. It was concluded that, in the new context of the world order, the European Union has to adapt to the strengthening position of the Global South in which Brazil will play the weighty role. The article shows that Brazil retains its role as a key link in European inter-regionalism and participates in three mechanisms of EU interaction with Latin America: interregional, subregional and bilateral. After a period of stagnation in strategic EU‒LAC partnership, in the third decade of the XXI century the European Union focused on Brazil as its main South American partner and intermediary on such issues as climate change and energy transition. The study aims to show, using the example of the EU and Brazil, the configuration of relations between the former and new centers of power in the modern context of the global world order, characteristics of which is uncertainty and increased competition in access to critical natural resources and technologies. The European Union, probably, will use the future ratification of the trade agreement with Mercosur as an element of pressure on Brazil to fulfill its environmental and climate obligations. Brazil, in turn, more likely, will focus on South-South cooperation without entering into confrontation with the EU, being interested in obtaining investments and advanced technologies.
New Approaches to the Development of the EAEU's Foreign Trade
Authors: Naryshkin A. A
Published: December 2024

Historically, foreign trade played a big role in the states development and became the basis of socio-economic well-being. It is possible to imagine the existence of ancient villages and communities practically isolated from large centers, providing themselves with food and a set of craft tools. However, when production processes and socio-economic structures become more complex, it became difficult to guarantee self-sufficiency even for states with a population of tens and hundreds of millions of people. This task is extremely relevant for states at the present stage. In this regard, export promotion became one of the priorities, both in the context of Russian policy within the framework of the national project “International Cooperation and Export” and at the supranational level of the Eurasian Economic Union. This article is dedicated to an integrated approach to restructuring instruments for promoting foreign trade.
Regulating the Risks Associated with Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence in the US, EU and China
Authors: Bazarkina D. Yu , Pashentsev E. N , Mikhalevich E. A
Published: December 2024

The article presents an analysis of the main mechanisms for regulating risks caused by the malicious use of artificial intelligence (MUAI) in the USA, the EU and China. The relevance of the MUAI problem is proven by numerous data on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies by antisocial actors. The authors set a goal – to identify the specifics of regulating MUAI risks in the USA, EU and China – due to the innovative experience of these three jurisdictions. It was found that in the USA counteraction to MUAI has not yet been shaped into systemic decisions at the level of federal authorities. It is more about decisions that take into account the growing risks of MUAI within the framework of general regulation of AI and the safety of its use. The EU has adopted the world's first Law on AI, which however pays little attention to the MUAI issues, and the main initiators of proposals to counter and regulate risks are law enforcement agencies, such as Europol. In China, MUAI risk regulation is most centralized and is becoming the subject of strategic documents and legislative acts. The authors use a systemic approach when considering various options for MUAI threats and formulating the research conclusions.
Factors of Ontological Security and their Impact on Foreign Policy of Serbia and Türkiye
Authors: Efremenko D. V , Rastegaev D. O
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the problem of ontological security of Türkiye and Serbia and its impact on the foreign policy of these states. The different historical paths of these states inevitably leave their imprint on the macro-political communities' vision of their history and, accordingly, on the arrangement of foreign policy priorities. In Türkiye, “neo-Ottomanism” and the desire to regain leadership in the Islamic world are at odds with the ideological and institutional legacy of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Republic. Serbia, which current statehood is based on the foundations laid by Slobodan Milosevic, is forced to adapt the “Kosovo” founding myth to the contemporary geopolitical realities of the Southwest Balkans; the victim and defensive narratives construed to reduce ontological insecurity are already struggling to do so.
Brain damage in photoinduced ischemia under streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice with pannexin 1 protein gene knockout
Authors: Nikolaenko М. А. , Gulyaev М. V. , Volkova А. А. , Gorbacheva L. R.
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM), along with ischemia, is one of the top ten causes of death in the globalpopulation, according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) data. Clinical research data have revealed a high risk of stroke and heart attacks in patients with diabetes. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the involvement of pannexin 1 (Panx1) protein in cerebral ischemia combined with DM. In the presented study, we used the Panx1 gene knockout mice in models of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and photoinduced ischemia to investigate the effect of the Panx1 on the severity of ischemic brain damage and systemic inflammation in mice with a combination of cerebral ischemia and diabetes. It has been found that under conditions of experimental diabetes, the knockout of the Panx1 gene significantly reduces the size of the ischemic lesion, stabilizes the ischemia-induced increase in the blood-brain barrier permeability, reduces the number of errors in the sensorimotor test and the level of neutrophils in the blood. It is important to note that the Panx1 knockout exhibits a protective effect only in the presence of diabetes mellitus, without significantly affecting the severity of ischemic brain injury in mice without streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Panx1 knockout also did not affect the severity of hyperglycemia in animals in this diabetes model. It can be assumed that the efficacy of the treatment for pathologies combined with diabetes mellitus can be enhanced by incorporating pannexin channel blockers into the complex therapy, representing a novel approach to addressing these serious conditions.
Investigation the functions of membrane progesterone receptors using their selective ligands
Authors: Shchelkunova Т. А.
Published: December 2024

Progesterone plays a key role in reproductive processes in the female body and has effects in the central nervous system and other tissues. Progestins are widely used clinically in contraception and hormonal therapy. The classical effects of progesterone are mediated through nuclear receptors, which are ligand-dependent transcription factors. Since 2003, membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) of the adiponectin receptor family of five subtypes have been in the spotlight. Their role in many normal and pathological processes in the body remains unclear. Determining the mechanisms of action of progesterone is complicated by the fact that activation of different types of receptors can cause opposite effects. The search for selective ligands of mPRs is an important task, since the use of such compounds makes it possible to differentiate the effects of progestins mediated by different types of receptors. The review analyzes the action of three selective ligands of mPRs, described and studied at present. One of them is widely used in international research, the other two have been identified and used in our work. The advantages and defects of these three compounds and the studies of mPRs functions conducted using them are considered. In conclusion, the prospects for creating new selective mPRs ligands are assessed, taking into account the structural features of their ligand-binding pocket. We found that the 3-keto group of progesterone and its derivatives, which is fundamentally required for binding to nuclear steroid receptors, is not important for interaction with mPRs. Our conclusion was confirmed in a study published in 2022 using modeling techniques and mutational analysis. It is this structural feature that will further serve as the basis for the development of the synthesis of compounds that are effective and selectively interact with mPRs.
Event-related desynchronization of eeg sensorimotor rhythms in hemiparesis post-stroke patients
Authors: Medvedeva А. S. , Syrov N. V. , Yakovlev L. V. , Alieva Y. А. , Petrova D. А. , Ivanova G. Е. , Lebedev М. А. , Kaplan А. Ya.
Published: December 2024

Motor impairment is one of the most prevalent consequences of a stroke, necessitating the implementation of efficacious diagnostic and rehabilitative techniques. An evaluation of alterations in sensorimotor cortical activity during the processes of movement preparation and execution can provide valuable insights into the state of motor circuits following a stroke and the potential for recovery. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal characteristics of event-related desynchronization (ERD) of sensorimotor EEG rhythms in patients with hemiparesis following a stroke, during movements with the paretic and healthy hands. A total of 19 patients with hemiparesis following a stroke participated in the study. An EEG was recorded while the subject performed a visual-motor task. The analysis focused on the event-related desynchronization in the alpha (6–15 Hz) and beta (15–30 Hz) bands. An asymmetry in the ERD was observed, with a predominant response in the intact hemisphere, regardless of the hand performing the movement. The magnitude of the ERD in the affected hemisphere demonstrated a correlation with the Fugl-Meyer score. Furthermore, a notable correlation was identified between the magnitude of beta-ERD in the affected hemisphere during movements of the healthy limb and the degree of motor function recovery. The results demonstrate the utility of ERD pattern assessment for diagnosing the state of sensorimotor networks after stroke. The detection of a correlation between the magnitude of ERD during movements of the healthy arm and the assessment of sensorimotor functions of the patient expands the possibilities of using EEG to assess patients even with complete absence of movements in the paretic limb.
Behavioural and electrophysiological features of WAG/Rij rats with different forms of genetic epilepsy
Authors: Abbasova К. R. , Kuzhuget S. М. , Tsyba Е. Т.
Published: December 2024

WAG/Rij rats are widely used as a genetic model of absence epilepsy. Approximately 15–50% rats of the strain are susceptible to audiogenic seizures. WAG/Rij rats demonstrate depressive-like behavior. After preliminary sound provocation an increased level of anxiety was found in audiogenic susceptible WAG/Rij subgroup. Electrophysiological and behavioral studies suggest the involvement of the dopaminergic system in both absence and audiogenic epilepsy. An increased binding density to dopamine receptors was found in the dorsal striatum subregions in audiogenic prone rats compared to non-audiogenic. The study aims were (1) to determine whether behavioral changes in WAG/Rij rats were genetically determined or induced by prior sound stimulation; (2) how regions of the dorsal striatum with different density of dopamine receptors in subpopulations of WAG/Rij rats are involved in the absence epilepsy control. The study was conducted using two rat groups: WAG/Rij-nonAGS (absence epilepsy) and WAG/Rij-AGS (mixed epilepsy). The study was performed using tests: “Elevated plus maze”, “Forced swimming” and “Three chamber sociability test”. High-frequency deep brain stimulation was performed for evaluation of dorsal striatum involvement in the absence seizure control. After experiments animals were tested for the susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. It demonstrated that the increased level of anxiety in WAG/Rij-AGS rats is genetically determined, while depressive-like behavior in WAG/Rij rats is not dependent on a predisposition to audiogenic seizures. Deviations in social behavior were observed in WAG/Rij-AGS rats. Stimulation of the dorsal striatum indicates differences in the control of absence and mixed forms of epilepsy in the
The effect of ACTH/MSH N-terminal fragment analogs on the anxiety level, pain sensitivity and levels of neurotrophic factors BDNF and VEGF in primary neuronal cultures of rats
Authors: Glazova N. Yu. , Manchenko D. М. , Sebentsova Е. А. , Andreeva L. А. , Grivennikov I. А. , Dolotov О. V. , Myasoedov N. F. , Levitskaya N. G.
Published: December 2024

ACTH/MSH-like peptides (melanocortins) have a wide range of neurotropic effects, including effects on learning and memory processes, neuroprotection, emotional state and pain sensitivity. Present work is aimed to compare the effects of peptides, the structure of which includes a natural fragment of ACTH and a stabilizing tripeptide PGP. The peptides ACTH4-7PGP (Semax), ACTH6-9PGP и ACTH7-10PGP were used in the work. The effects of these peptides on the exploratory behavior, anxiety level and pain sensitivity of white rats, as well as on the protein levels of the neurotrophic factors BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in primary neuron cultures were studied. A comparative study of the effects of analogs of different ACTH/MSH fragments revealed both similarities and differences in their neurotropic activity. The peptides structure of which includes a sequence of ACTH4-7 or ACTH6-9 have nootropic, anxiolytic and analgesic activity, and also cause an increase in VEGF levels in the culture of hippocampal neurons. The peptide containing the ACTH7-10 sequence in the structure exhibits anxiolytic activity, increases exploratory behavior, does not affect pain sensitivity and has a stimulating effect on BDNF and VEGF levels in neuronal cultures. The data obtained indicate that different parts of the N-terminal region of the ACTH molecule are responsible for the manifestation of certain neurotropic effects of melanocortins. The results of the study can be used in the development of therapeutics based on natural melanocortins.
Rapid adaptive regulation of systemic circulation is suppressed in pulmonary
Authors: Abramov А. А. , Lakomkin V. L. , Lukoshkova Е. V. , Prosvirnin А. V. , Kapelko V. I. , Kuzmin V. S.
Published: December 2024

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by an increase of a pressure in the pulmonary circulation; PAH is accompanied by activation of the sympathetic (SNS) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). However, PAH-associated changes in baroreceptor regulation of systemic circulation, which is tightly interwoven with SNS and RAAS, have not been studied. The baroreceptor response (BRR) was studied in a chronic monocrotaline (MCT) model of PAH in rats (Wistar, 290 ± 30 g, 2–4 months). Phenylephrine as an agonist of α1-adrenergic receptor and sodium nitroprusside as NO donor were gradually administered to chronically catheterized, non-anesthetized control animals and animals with PAH (4 weeks after MCT administration) to induce vasomotor responses. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) were recorded under the action of vasoactive compounds alone or under the action of vasoactive compounds in presence of angiotensin-II (ATII), atropine. The parameters characterizing baroreceptor change in HR including maximal and minimal heart rate (HRmax, HRmin), reflex tachycardia (TBRR) and bradycardia (BBRR), range (ABBR) and the baroreceptor response sensitivity index (SIBRR) were calculated. A significant decrease in HRmax, TBRR, ABBR (but not BBRR), as well as the sensitivity index of BRR was observed in rats with PAH. ATII induces significant and different changes in the BRR parameters in control rats and in rats with PAH if administered 4 weeks after the start of the experiment. In rats with PAH, ATII causes less pronounced changes in HRmax, TBRR, and BBRR than in control animals. ATII insignificantly affects parasympathetic component of the baroreceptor reflex in rats with PAH. Thus, at least in the MCT-mediated model in rats, PAH significantly deteriorates the baroreceptor regulation of HR. This effect manifests in a decrease in the range and sensitivity of the baroreceptor response. Also, PAH unequally affects the sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the baroreceptor regulation of HR. On the other hand, ATII exhibits weak ability to alter BRR in rats with HAP. In conclusion, PAH leads to a disfunction of immediate, reflex mechanisms HR and systemic circulation control.