bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of serum vitamin D with hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Behera Manas Kumar , Swain Surendra Nath , Abhilash V. B. , Shukla Sunit Kumar , Dixit Vinod Kumar
Published: September 2020

Background: Serum vitamin D concentration is proposed to have an important role on outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A few studies have shown an inverse association of vitamin D level with stage of fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to verify whether serum vitamin D level is an independent predictor of significant hepatic fibrosis.Methods: Seventy-two treatment naive chronic HCV subjects and 40 healthy age and sex matched controls were included in the study. A serum vitamin D level was assessed in both HCV subjects and controls, and liver biopsy was performed in all HCV subjects to assess for stage of fibrosis.Results: Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower HCV patients in comparison to age and sex matched controls (18.04±6.92 versus 21.53±8.2, p<0.01). Most common genotype in HCV patients was genotype 3 (62.5%) and blood transfusion was the most common mode of transmission (28%) followed by intravenous drug user (IVDU) (17%). The HCV patients with vitamin D level <20 ng/ml had higher metavir score as compared to vitamin D≥20 ng/ml (1.67±0.66 versus 2.5±0.67, p<0.001). Both univariate and multivariate analysis performed using logistic regression revealed that vitamin D<20 ng/dl is a significant negative predictor of liver fibrosis (p<0.05).Conclusions: Chronic HCV patients had significantly lower vitamin D levels as compared to healthy controls. Serum vitamin D was a negative predictor of stage of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Association of ocular biometric parameters with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Utaal Shubhneek Kaur Dhillon , Chopra Rupali , Batra Nitin
Published: September 2020

Background: To study the association of ocular biometric parameters {Spherical equivalent (SE), Axial length (AL), Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and Corneal curvature (CC)} with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. The study included 100 subjects having various grades of DR as cases and 100 diabetics without DR as controls. The SE was assessed using objective autorefraction, while AL, CC and ACD were measured using the NIDEK AL SCAN.  International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale was used for grading of DR.Results: A total of 181 eyes in the study group and 200 eyes in the control group were analysed.  Progressive decrease in the mean AL was observed with the increasing severity of DR (p=0.017). Deeper ACD had a negative correlation with severity of DR (p=0.037). No statistically significant difference was observed for AL and ACD with the incidence of DR (p=0.147 and p=0.091 respectively). Likewise, there was no significant relation of DR with SE or CC.Conclusions: Longer AL and deep ACD were protective against progression to the severe forms of DR. However, there was no correlation of AL and ACD with the incidence of DR. The SE and CC were not found to be significant determinants for either development or severity of DR.
Clinical and socio-demographic profile of substance abusing persons seeking treatment at a teaching hospital in Garhwal hills of Uttarakhand
Authors: Singh Prem , Rathi Harsh
Published: September 2020

Background: The substance abuse is gradually becoming one of the major public health issues of present day India. Many factors influence the pattern of substance abuse, including age, sex, educational level, social support, cultural factors, availability of drugs and the presence of cognitive or psychiatric problems. This study was planned to find out the clinical and socio-demographic profile of substance abusing persons.Methods: The study was conducted in the Out-patient facility of the Department of Psychiatry, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute Of Medical Science and Research, Srinagar (Uttarakhand), starting from 23 September 2015. One hundred consecutive treatment seeking subjects fulfilling International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), criteria for Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use were included in the study. All the participants were required to sign an informed consent approved by the institutional ethical committee before being enrolled in the study. All the subjects included in the study were administered a self-structured proforma to elicit the clinical and socio-demographic variables.Results: One hundred patients consisting of 95 men (95%) and 05 women (05%) were included. The average age of the sample was 39.68 years (SD=11.97). As for the socio-demographic variables other than age, 87% of the patients were married, 62% patients were living in nuclear families and 66% belonged to the rural areas. 79% patients were educated up to high school and above and only 06% were illiterate. Alcohol was the most frequently abused substance seen in 78% patients followed by tobacco smoking in 58% of the study subjects. Peer Pressure was cited as the most common reason for the initiation of substance abuse by 75 (75%) patients.Conclusions: Alcohol was the most commonly abused substance. Substance abuse was higher in married, educated males from rural areas living in nuclear families.
A study of percutaneous injuries amongst health care workers in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Jacob Aswin Geo , Deodhar Divya , John Mary
Published: September 2020

Background: Percutaneous injuries (PCI) pose a significant risk of occupational transmission of blood borne pathogens to health care workers (HCWs). Their incidence is considerably higher than current estimates, and hence a low injury rate should not be interpreted as a non-existent problem.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern India. As soon as the HCW sustains a PCI, they were instructed to report to the emergency department where note was made of all the details in the post exposure reporting form.Results: The incidence of PCI in this study was found to be 4.3%. PCIs were reported maximum among nursing staff (63.41%) compared to doctors (36.58%). Majority of PCIs were reported within 1 hour of sustaining the injury (57.1%). Needle stick injury was the commonest injury sustained by HCWs (84.5%). 91.46% of HCWs were fully immunized against hepatitis B.Conclusions: Preventing PCI is an essential part of infection control program in a hospital. Stress must be laid for mandatory reporting of all PCI irrespective of the source.
Study the role of hepcidin in diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in young females of northern India
Authors: . Shaveta , Bansal Sanjiv Kumar , Patel Seema
Published: September 2020

Background: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorder. Maintenance of body iron status is an integral part of healthcare in young female of reproductive age group. Thereby early detection could lead to early intervention and reduce its comorbidity.  Indeed, an ideal screening test should be capable of identifying iron deficiency long before developing anemia. Henceforth, the present study was aimed to determine utility of serum hepcidin in iron deficiency and to access the baseline value of hepcidin in young female.Methods: This sectional study was conducted in the Department of biochemistry SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Budhera, Gurugram. It included non-pregnant female students of age 18-25 years with normal RBC indices and hemoglobin >12 gm%. Estimation of serum hepcidin-25 was by ELISA.Results: The reference range of hepcidin established in this study was 12.14-139.89 ng/ml for females with the mean being 42.4±29.13 ng/ml. It showed higher discriminating power in evaluating iron status in young healthy women (AUC 0.984) with best combination of diagnostic sensitivity (95.7%) and specificity (93.2%) at a cut off of >15.7 ng/ml. Serum hepcidin identified 17% of young healthy females with normal hemoglobin to have functional or storage iron deficiency.Conclusions: The prevention of iron deficiency anemia remains insufficient worldwide especially among underprivileged women and children Therefore, estimation of serum hepcidin may be considered as a valuable tool in assessing iron status in young healthy female population who are the prime target group for iron supplements to reduce comorbidity associated with iron deficiency and anemia.
Knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19 pandemic in the community: a cross-sectional web-based survey in India
Authors: Shukla Shruti , Deotale Prerana
Published: September 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease is a current new virulent disease rising its transmission and fatality with each passing day globally. People’s observance of the prevention measures is essential for controlling the spread of COVID-19, which is affected by their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19 in the community in India.Methods: Present descriptive cross-sectional study was a web-based survey carried out between 15th July and 19th July 2020 among 570 participants in Maharashtra, India. A 30-item questionnaire distributed among the public using Google forms through social media networks.Results: 97.4% participants knew contact with the infected person as a mode of transmission for COVID-19. Common symptoms of COVID-19 reported were difficulty in breathing (96.3%), fever (90.7%), cough (88.9%), sore throat (82.8%), etc. The majority of participants (>90%) had correct knowledge about preventive measures to stop the spread of COVID-19. Around 80% had a positive attitude that India will win the battle against the disease. More than 90% were practicing appropriate preventive measures while going out.Conclusions: Majority of the Indian population demonstrated good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practices regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Imaging spectrum of renal masses on multi-slice computed tomography
Authors: Thakor Dipak R. , Rana Yashpal R. , Sheth Megha M.
Published: September 2020

Background: Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) is the mainstay for preoperative assessment of many complex renal masses in current clinical practice. Benign renal processes may simulate malignant renal tumors and could be defined correctly by CT. MSCT has also an important role in tumor staging. The purpose of this article is to understand the imaging spectrum of renal masses on MSCT and assess the usefulness of CT in surgical planning and management.Methods: Studied 500 patients with suspected renal lesions who underwent MSCT during the period July 2017 to July 2020 at state-of-art imaging center. CT imaging was done in those patients in whom clinical examination and ultrasonography (USG) revealed possibility of diagnosis of renal masses for further detailed evaluation and deciding management.Results: Out of 500 total subjects, the common age group in this study is 51 to 60 years (25%). Male preponderance (59%) was noted. The most common presentation was pain (84%) followed by lump (29.4%) and haematuria (17.8%). Malignant masses (51%) were more common followed by benign (39%) and inflammatory masses (10%) respectively. Renal cell carcinoma has more incidence (30%) followed by simple cyst (20%). Calcification (19.6%), perinephric extension (78%) and vascular invasion (21.5%) are more common in malignant masses. Conclusion: MSCT is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of renal masses and deciding management approach in current practice. Detection of tumoral spread, invasion of surrounding organs and vascular structure are better with CT. MSCT also has a role in postoperative follow-up of renal masses.
Metabolic syndrome in south Indian population with skin tags: a hospital-based case control study
Authors: Naidu Bobbili Tarun Kesava , Baddireddy Kavya
Published: September 2020

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of several clinical and laboratory cardiovascular risk factors that have been linked with numerous medical and dermatologic conditions. Recent evidence suggests a strong association between skin tags and insulin resistance and obesity, yet there is a paucity of data on relation of skin tags with metabolic syndrome as a whole. Aim of the study was to evaluate the strength of association between skin tags and metabolic syndrome.Methods: 70 patients with skin tags and an equal number of age and gender matched controls were enrolled in a hospital-based case control study. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, fasting glucose, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by the presence of 3 or more of the south Asian modified national cholesterol education program’s adult panel III criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using chi square test, and odds ratio was calculated. P≤0.05 were considered significant.Results: Metabolic syndrome was significantly more common in patients with skin tags than in controls (70% vs. 26%, p<0.001). Triglycerides and waist circumference values were significantly increased in cases as compared to controls (p<0.05).  There was no statistically significant difference in the high-density lipoprotein levels, fasting blood glucose levels and presence of hypertension among cases and controls.Conclusion: Skin tags when present in multiple could be an early warning sign for Metabolic syndrome. They serve a cutaneous marker to initiate early detection and intervention of at-risk patients for cardiovascular disorders.
Glaucoma in diabetic patients and the need for further research
Authors: Salih Omyma Abbas Banaga , Hamadani Zaid Al , Alemrayat Bayan , AlFehaidi AlAnoud , Hamed Ehab
Published: September 2020

Glaucoma is considered the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Patients with diabetes are at risk of different eye complications, mainly retinopathy. Patients with diabetes are also at risk of developing cataract, uveitis and glaucoma. Three systematic reviews examined the associations between diabetes and glaucoma. Pooled analysis from those studies reported different OR 1.37, (95% CI=0.72-2.02), OR=1.36, (95% CI=1.25-1.50) and OR=1.48, (95% CI=1.29-1.71). Although the results seem close and suggest an increased risk in the diabetic population, the systematic reviews report significant heterogenicity and come short in explaining causality. Indeed, in one systematic review where 3 out of 7 studies suggested a non-significant association, the results were skewed to the positive side with a one-record based study that had a population size exceeding 2 million patients, while the rest of the studies had collectively 100 thousand patients. In our view, a case control study design that combines the patient surveys and electronic medical records ensure accurate data and more valid study results to validate or refute the association. This short communication article discusses the condition associations, theories for increased risk in the diabetic population and implications for future research.
Hemichorea-hemiballismus in a patient with hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state
Authors: Reng Rifkatu S. , Kenechukwu Odumodu , Ramatu Shuaibu , Shyngle Oyakhire , Special Omonua , Ogugua Osi-ogbu , Anumah Felicia
Published: September 2020

Hemichorea-hemiballismus (HCHB) is a rare manifestation of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state caused by contralateral lesion in basal ganglia. A 74-year-old, known diabetic and hypertensive woman presented with one-week history of high-grade fever and loss of consciousness associated with involuntary movement of the right upper and lower limbs for 10 hours prior to presentation. Physical examination revealed pyrexia, tachycardia and altered sensorium. Blood glucose was 53.8 mmol/l, hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) 9.9% and brain computed tomography (CT) scan showed cerebral atrophy with bilateral basal ganglia hyperdensities. Escherichia coli was cultured from the urine. She did well on treatment with soluble insulin, rehydration and intravenous ceftriaxone. HCHB is a rare complication seen in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. This report highlights the reversibility of the disease with prompt diagnosis and appropriate insulin treatment. HCHB should be distinguished from other intracranial pathologies.
Mediastinitis as a complication of Epstein-Barr virus infection: a rare entity
Authors: Younus Shifa , Maqsood Hamza , Younas Amna
Published: September 2020

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the herpes virus family that can infect humans. Common manifestations of Epstein-Barr virus infection include fever, lymphadenopathy and pharyngitis with some rare complications including mediastinitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, acute kidney failure and neurological disorders. Clinical findings along with serological evidences are needed to diagnose the infection. Early investigation for EBV in febrile patients can expedite both diagnosis and treatment.
Speech language characteristics and intervention approaches in lockedin syndrome post snake envenomation
Authors: Arya Shantanu , Vaid Dakshta , Zangmo Nima , Garg L. N. , Kumar Sachin Praveen
Published: September 2020

The present case study illustrates hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy as a result of neuroparalytic snake envenomation in an 11 year old male patient. Detailed speech assessment was done which revealed diverged oral structures and language loss. The study aims to document speech and language characteristics as well as rehabilitation in terms of speech therapy. The study enlightens the role of speech language pathologist in assessment and intervention of locked in syndrome. Study shows the swapped roles of traditional therapy approaches and the importance of augmentative and alternative communication as compassion and a beneficial technique in an intricate incident like hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy as a result of neuroparalytic snake envenomation.
Screening beyond conventional serological markers for hepatitis B and C viruses in cirrhosis: an entity overlooked
Authors: . Manjri , Katyal Virender , Yadav Deepak , Goyal Sandeep
Published: September 2020

We aimed to emphasise the role of screening beyond conventional serological markers (HBsAg and Anti HCV antibodies for chronic viral hepatitis B and C respectively) in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis of liver are often labelled as having cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC), if no etiology is found. In chronic viral hepatitis B and C (CHB and CHC) induced cirrhosis, HBsAg and Anti HCV antibodies respectively are usually done to rule out the viral infections however their absence have been documented in subset of patients having these infections. In this regard, we hereby present a case labelled as CC and developed HCC; later on, further evaluation turned out to be having both CHB and CHC. A 51-year-old male with diabetes presented with index episode of hemetemesis. On further evaluation he was diagnosed to have cirrhosis of liver. No etiology was found and he was labeled as cirrhosis secondary to Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)/cryptogenic cirrhosis. Later on, he developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the patient with HBV DNA and HCV RNA levels keeping possibility of occult hepatitis B (OBI)/ seronegative hepatitis C infection despite HBsAg and Anti HCV antibodies being negative. Both levels were found to be raised and we attributed cirrhosis to dual hit by CHB and CHC. Patient was managed with antiviral drugs successfully with no recurrence of HCC and control of blood sugar levels.  We hereby stress that screening beyond the HBsAg and Anti HCV antibodies should be done in all cases of liver cirrhosis in which etiology is not found on initial screening.
A case report: remdesivir effective in the treatment of severe category COVID-19
Authors: Pandya Hetal , Jain Archit , Reddy Pradeep , Shah Aarsh
Published: September 2020

Since the first cases were reported in December 2019, infection with the severe acute respiratory corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 is overwhelming health care systems globally. In the absence of a proven effective therapy, current management consists of supportive care, including invasive and noninvasive oxygen support and off-label or compassionate-use therapies, including   anti-retrovirals, anti-parasitic agents, anti-inflammatory compounds, and convalescent plasma. Amongst these experimental therapies, remdesivir a broad-spectrum antiviral drug has shown some promising results. We present a successfully treated patient of severe acute respiratory illness by SARS-CoV-2 with remdesivir along with standard management protocol. Reporting a case with aim to add favoring evidence for remdesivir in the treatment of         SARS-CoV-2.
Polycythemia: a mystery solved by history
Authors: Kalal Chetan , Patel Atif , Wagh Adinath , Joshi Harshad , Jain Samit , Surude Ravindra , Bhatia Shobna , Bhatt Chetan
Published: September 2020

Testosterone is responsible for increased muscle mass. Leaner body mass helps control weight and increases energy. High levels of testosterone help build muscles and also stimulate growth in strength. Androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) are drugs that are structurally related to the cyclic steroid rings system and have similar effects to testosterone in the body. Athletes who abuse steroids do so for muscle growth and quick recovery. Testosterone - whether it's injected, applied via a patch or cream, or taken orally - allows athletes to rapidly increase muscle mass beyond their usual capacity, and also reduces their recovery time which allows them to train continuously with little need to rest their bodies in between workouts. Physiologically, erythrocytosis is defined by an erythrocyte mass that exceeds 125% of that predicted for sex and body mass. Much of the concern with the use of testosterone involves increase in blood viscosity, resulting from increased red blood cell mass causing a potential increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), myocardial infarction (MI), and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). We report a case of secondary polycythemia related to testosterone therapy.
Sarcoidosis presenting as Lofgran’s syndrome
Authors: Malik Atiullah Imran , Sajjan Kshithija , Shivkumar Parati Rupesh , Gokhale Vijayashree S.
Published: September 2020

A 40 year old male, first presented with erythema nodosum, fever, weight loss and joint pains and did not respond to anti-tubercular treatment. One year later he came back with joint pains, erythema nodosum, fever and dry cough. He also had weakness in distal right lower limb more than left limb. He had raised ESR, hypocalcaemia, raised ACE levels and lymphnode involvement on HRCT, with skin biopsy suggestive of sarcoidosis. This time patient responded to treatment and is on regular follow up.
Insight on the usage of mask with respect to COVID-19: a review
Authors: Bajjad Adeel A. , Kour Navneet , Sharma Anil , Kak Minha M.
Published: September 2020

Face-masks are currently turning into a fundamental piece of our clothing standard, without a doubt. While the West wasn't entirely ok with face-masks in the pre-COVID-19 period, East Asians were all the more inviting of them. Controlling a respiratory contamination at source by a mask is an entrenched procedure. The utilization of masks followed by certain precautionary measure is a piece of a thorough bundle of the avoidance and control gauges that can restrain the spread of any respiratory viral maladies, including COVID-19. Subsequently the fundamental point of the examination is to illuminate the mask, their utilization and guidelines to be followed during this pandemic period. Numerous nations have suggested the utilization of fabric mask/face covers for the overall population. Right now, the boundless utilization of mask by healthy individuals in the network setting isn't yet upheld by high calibre or direct logical proof and there are likely advantages and damages to consider. Any mask worn for everyday assurance against COVID-19 will be flawed, at any rate for the current pandemic time.
Metformin and nitrosamine impurities
Authors: P. V. Ajith Kumar , M. Deepa
Published: September 2020

Metformin is considered as gold standard anti-diabetic drug and is the preferred initial pharmacologic agent for most of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin is cheap, widely available and safe, backed by pharmaco-epidemiological evidence of more than 60 years regular use in clinical practice. Due to its durable efficacy, once initiated, metformin will be continued as long as it is tolerated and not contraindicated.  It has got additional benefits on cholesterol, liver, cardio vascular system and cancer. Recent evidence and recall of metformin extended release formulation due to detection of excess amount of cancer-causing nitrosamine impurities has created concern among health care providers and patients. Adherence to regulatory guidelines and use of approved technologies in manufacturing and quality control may help in solving the issue.
Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among students at Al-Agali Islamic complex in Al-Kalakela area, Khartoum State-Sudan
Authors: Abdalla Eltagi A. M. , Youssouf Adnan M. A. , Ahmed Babiker M. H.
Published: September 2020

Background: In Sudan, urinary schistosomiasis caused by S. haematobium is endemic in many areas of the country, mainly among school-age children. The study was done with the aim to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of S. haematobium among students at Al-Agali Islamic complex in Al-Kalakla- Sudan.Methods: A total of 102 students were participated. 10 ml of urine sample was taken from each participant, the samples were allowing it to sediment, a drop from sediment was taken and examined microscopically using x40 objective to identify S. haematobium. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and some risk factors. The data were analyzed used SPSS version20. Chi-square test was used to determine the significance differences between variables. The Odds ratio (OR) was applied with 95% CI.Results: The prevalence of S. haematobium among students was 12.7% (13/102). The results showed there was no statistical association between socio-demographic variables (Age group, parents’ education, monthly family income and family size) and S. haematobium positivity (p>0.05). Bivariate analysis showed; swimming in rivers (OR= 8.09, 95% CI=1.69-38.73, p=0.008), working in agriculture (OR= 4.42, 95% CI=1.25-15.55, p=0.020), past infection of S. haematobium (OR=4.87, 95% CI= 1.44- 16.45, P=0.010), pre-schistosoma treatment (OR=10.29, 95% CI=2.14-49.39, p=0.003) and don not knew mode of transmission (OR=10.72, 95% CI=1.33-86.01, p=0.025), statistically significant with S. hameatobium positivity.Conclusion: The S. haematobium is still prevalent among students in study area. Health education on the mode of transmission, possible risk factors and prevention is recommended.
General population awareness regarding iron deficiency anaemia and its relation with nutrition and dietary habits
Authors: Shehata Shehata Farag , Alahmari Faisal S. , Alahmari Saad A. , Aljamaan Abdulelah M. , Alamrah Hussam M. , Alsharif Naif M. , Almosa Ahmad M. , Almosa Hussain M.
Published: September 2020

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia is considered as a significant public health problem in vulnerable groups especially adolescents. This necessitates the importance of awareness about the disease among general population. Also, public awareness regarding the significance of iron deficiency and its effect upon work performance, and the importance of providing iron during pregnancy and childhood is a mandatory health issue. Policy makers should focus their strategy right from adolescence beginning with raising awareness about iron deficiency anaemia.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional approach was applied targeting all population in Aseer region who aged 18 years or more from January 2020 to April 2020. Data were collected using online questionnaire through social media.Results: The survey respondents were 537 persons whose ages ranged from 18 to 89 years old with mean age of 32.1 12.2 years. Three hundred participants (55.9%) were males and 84.7% of them were at urban area. More than 70% of the respondents previously heard about Anaemia and 88.8% agreed on that anaemia is health problem. Iron as the nutrient deficient in anaemia was reported by 78.6% of the participants and 69.1% reported that in anaemia there is decreased haemoglobin level. Generally, about half of the participants had good awareness level regarding all aspects of IDA.Conclusions: the study revealed that the recorded awareness level regarding IDA was considerable with many areas of defect. The main areas of awareness defect included iron rich food and absorption inhibitors which indicates the urgent need for further effort to raise the population awareness and improving their nutritional habits
Prevalence, severity and risk factors of food allergy and food addiction among the people of Tangail district, Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Md. Rayhan , Talukder Ashraf Hossain , Molla Md. Tarek , Alam Nur- E- , Faruque Md. Omar , Mohiuddin A. K. M. , Mahmud Shahin
Published: September 2020

Background: Food allergy is an abnormal response of some particular foods triggered by the body’s immune system. Food addiction which generally shares a similar neurobiological and behavioral framework with substance addiction like foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate common food items responsible for food allergy along with food addiction among Bangladeshi people.Methods: A cross-sectional study among 699 participants in the Tangail district of Bangladesh was done to record the presence of food allergy and food addiction patterns. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the association between different factors with food allergy and food addiction.Results: It was found that brinjal was the most frequent food item responsible for 28.3% of people’s food allergy. The main symptoms due to the food allergy were about 28.5% itching and 22.7% rash on the skin. According to this study, 50.4% of allergic patients took medicine and most of the allergic patients didn’t seek medical advice. A maximum of 72.8% of allergic patients also had an addiction to food. Street foods like jhalmuri, fried foods were the general food addicted items covering 34.9%. Food-addicted participants with food allergies reported significantly more problems with foods, where obesity and heart disease are recognized as clinical effects due to having higher amounts of fat and sugar to these foods.Conclusions: The study revealed some important determinants of food allergic and food addiction that will help to increase our knowledge for the greater interest of our health and further research.
Effectiveness of video-assisted teaching on knowledge regarding road traffic rules among college students, Puducherry
Authors: Chakali Usha , Ramesh Ronur S. , Olickal Jeby J. , Surendran Gayathri , Jayaseelan Venkatachalam
Published: September 2020

Background: Road traffic accidents are considered a public health problem leading to high mortality and morbidity, especially among adolescents and young adults. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching to improve the knowledge of road traffic rules among college students and the factors associated with the difference in knowledge.Methods: We conducted pre-test post-test study among students from a Government Arts and Science college in Puducherry, South India from August to September 2019. We assessed the knowledge related to road traffic rules like road traffic signs, speed limits and penalties related to violation of traffic rules. A video-assisted health education session was provided to all, and change in knowledge assessed. Factors associated with the difference in scores were assessed using an independent t-test or ANOVA test.Results: A total of 355 college students were included in the study. Of them, 2 (0.56%) had adequate knowledge, 317 (89.3%) had moderate knowledge and 36 (10.14%) had inadequate knowledge regarding traffic rules in the pre-test. During post-test, 47 (13.24%) had moderate knowledge and 308 (86.7%) had adequate knowledge. Overall mean (SD) knowledge score was increased from 14.7 (2.8) to 23.6 (2.5) (p<0.001). Sociodemographic factors were not significantly associated with a change in knowledge scores.Conclusions: There was a significant difference in knowledge scores of students after the intervention. Continuous reinforcement and education about safety measures can motivate and bring a positive change among them in strictly following traffic rules.
Study the frequency of bronchial anthracosis and its influencing factors in patients undergoing bronchoscopy in Ardabil city hospital, 2013-2015
Authors: Hoseininia Saeid , Kebar Susan Mohammadi- , Kheir Keysan Ghadam-
Published: September 2020

Background: Bronchial anthracosis is defined as appearance of multiple dark anthracotic pigmentations on large airway mucosa with or without airway narrowing or obliteration. This study aims to investigate the frequency of bronchial anthracosis and its influencing factors in patients undergoing bronchoscopy.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data was obtained from reviewing the files of 900 patients who underwent bronchoscopy in Ardabil city Hospital. Those with dark pigmentation on their airways mucosa were considered as having bronchial anthracosis. During bronchoscopy, samples were collected from the airways in the form of bronchoalveolar lavage and then the smear and culture of these samples were examined for acid fast bacilli. Type of fuel used for cooking in the kitchen and for heating in their house, history of smoking, the patient’s geographical location and occupation were recorded by a checklist and then evaluated.Results: Of 900 cases, 42 (4.6%) had bronchial anthracosis, out of which 23 (55%) were male and most were in urban areas. Majority of patients were in the age range of 60 to 70 years. Of 11 farmers with anthracosis, 7(6.63%) patients used fossil fuels for heating. Among the anthracosis patients, 11 (21.2%) subjects had Tuberculosis. There was a significant difference between age, habitant of patients, pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchial anthracosis.Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between age of patients, pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchial anthracosis, therefore, performing necessary tests and follow-ups for pulmonary tuberculosis is necessary in cases that undergo bronchoscopy for any reason and those with bronchial anthracosis.
Perinatal outcomes of free maternity services in Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Kainde Musyoka , Adela Maria Mpali
Published: September 2020

Background: The introduction of free maternity services in all public healthcare facilities in Kenya was the government’s initiative to decrease maternal morbidity and mortality and promote sustainable health for both the mother and infant. Maternal health is significant in the achievement of Government of the Republic of Kenya (GOK) vision 2030. In order to determine the level of implementation of free maternity services in Kenya, it is important to understand perinatal outcomes.Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey design involving all women seeking free delivery services at Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital. Data was collected using both open-ended and closed-ended questions.Results: The study findings showed an increase in maternal seeking behaviour, increase quality of care and increase in good perinatal outcomes. Further, the study showed that although free maternity services (FMS) was literally accessible to mothers, 60.2% sought antenatal care (ANC) services in the second semester while majority failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended number of ANC visits per cycle. The study also showed that 88.5% of the women did not suffer serious comorbidities during pregnancy. However a total of 65.4% suffered anaemia with 80% of those who suffered being primigravidae.Conclusions: The study concluded that FMS has contributed to improved perinatal outcome and it recommended that pregnant women be sensitized on the importance of seeking ANC services immediately they are diagnosed pregnant, and further that the county government of Nairobi should boost the hospitals with supplies, equipment and human resource specifically nurses, so as to cope with the increased workload.
Effect of maternal employment on health status of pre-school children in an urban-slum of Bhubaneswar
Authors: Ayub Arshad , Mohapatra Ipsa , Panigrahi Pinaki
Published: September 2020

Background: Women employment enhances household income and translates into better standard of living especially for children. That means maternal employment may benefit children’s health by increasing parent’s ability to buy high-quality food, good housing, and appropriate medical care. But, time spent at work may also decrease mother’s ability to care for and supervise children, leading perhaps to less healthy activities, such as eating poorly, unhygienically or engaging in too many unhealthy activities. This study tries to examine maternal employment as one potentially critical influence on the health status of young children in low-income families. The objectives were to assess the health status of preschool children and to find out the association between employment status of mothers and health status of their children of preschool age group.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done involving mothers having at least one child and living in the urban health training center (UHTC) catchment area. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to assess the health status of the preschool children and the related variables.Results: 110 women were included in the study out of which 78 were not working/homemakers and 32 were employed. Immunization of children was better among employed mothers (81%) than children of unemployed mothers (67.9%). Hospitalization was also more among the children of non-working mothers.Conclusions: Employment somehow helps in better care for children which is reflected in the health status of the children and also by the immunization status.
Assessment of knowledge regarding the consequences of using earphones among higher secondary and non-medical postgraduate students
Authors: Das Jiban Jyoti
Published: September 2020

Background: Due to the incremental scope of using earphones, in today’s world youngsters are susceptible to loud sounds or prolong sounds that may cause negative consequences to them in the later run. Aim of the study was to assess the knowledge regarding the consequences of the use of earphones in terms of basic level and advanced levels of awareness among some high secondary students and non-medical postgraduate students.Methods: A structure questionnaire-based study was done by distributing it among the students of Pondicherry central university, Puducherry, India, and Delhi Public School, Digboi Assam. 18 students from different departments of the Pondicherry central university and 19 students from the high secondary of Delhi Public School, Digboi were selected randomly for the study. A structured questionnaire consisting of questions related to the consequences of using earphones was used as a study tool for observation. Sets of questions related to the awareness were categorized into basic level, advanced level-1, and advanced level-2.Results: Knowledge scores for basic level awareness showed very good results. Knowledge scores for advanced level 1 and 2 awareness showed poor results for both the groups.Conclusions: The study highlights the requirement of developing awareness programs regarding health hazards associated with the use of earphones in terms of parameters like the feeling of ringing like sounds through the ears, ear wax, ear stress, ear pain, and tinnitus. Such awareness needs to be incorporated in textbooks of the school level.
An epidemiological study of computer related health problems and stress among bank employees in the vicinity of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Chavhan Swati S. , Gokhe Seema S. Bansode
Published: September 2020

Background: Due to the upsurge in information technology and daily increase in the number of computer usage in banking sector and increasing use of online banking services in India, there is need for research into computer related health problems. The objectives of the study were to estimate prevalence of computer related health problems and stress among Bank employees and to study its association with their working environmental conditions.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted, with a pre-tested, pre-designed questionnaire in 19 banks among 255 bank employees aged 25 to 50 years by census enumeration method in urban field practice area for 18 months. Inclusion criteria included employees working in current job since the past 2 years and on computer for at least 5 days/week and minimum 4 hours/day. The questionnaire included socio-demographic details, working environment and problems experienced while working on computers. Modified standardized Nordic questionnaire (musculoskeletal), depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) (stress), Snellen`s-Jaeger’s chart (visual acuity) and digital lux meter (illumination) was used. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0.Results: The proportion of musculoskeletal, symptoms of Carpal tunnel syndrome due to keyboard use, visual problems and stress was found to be 69%, 60%, 58% and 38% respectively. Statistically significant association was found between visual, musculoskeletal complaints and duration of service, time spent on computers, level of computer desktop and ergonomic design of sitting chair. Stress had significant co-relation with age, duration of service, duration of using computers and addictions.Conclusions: Banks should adopt ergonomic workplace design for better health, well-being and productivity of bank employees.
Quality of life of women working from home in COVID-19 lockdown: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Raju Suruthi , Kumar Vijay Krishna
Published: September 2020

Background: Lockdown as a precaution is aimed to reduce the community transmission and to defeat the pandemic COVID-19. The pandemic lockdown has an impact on lifestyle strategies in work from home employees.Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire study with observational sampling of size no. 110 was conducted through web based data collection (google form) across India.Results: Data shows lockdown impact on lifestyle strategies like physical health, psychological health, social relationship and environmental factors of working from home employees were found significant. Majority of participants (working from home women) showed better quality of life in lockdown.Conclusions: This web-based survey shows significant results to highlight that women can balance their life style strategies with daily routine in COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Lockdown situation made women more active, mobile and balance their official work along with the family setup. 67.3% respondents were married and working from home and 48% of participants maintaining their better quality of life since lockdown.
Risk factors for bronchial asthma among children in Medina city, Saudi Arabia: an ecological approach
Authors: Alahmadi Alaa , Jradi Hoda , Alofi Eyad
Published: September 2020

Background: Asthma is a common disease in Saudi Arabia that affects many individuals. Children are profoundly affected, and the impact of the disease is noticeable in the frequent visits to the emergency departments, missed school days, recurrent hospitalizations, and high death rates. Our study is aimed at identifying the determinant of bronchial asthma risk factors based on the ecological model.Methods: A case-control study was conducted. Samples were randomly selected from two major hospitals in Medina Region, Saudi Arabia, including children aged between 1-14 years. A chi-square test was used to see any differences across categories between cases and control. Significant factors associated with asthma in bivariate analysis were submitted to conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: Factors significantly associated with asthma were being obese (OR=5.10; 95% CI 2.09-12.42), having a history of allergic rhinitis (OR=7.10; 95% CI 3.24-15.52), born preterm (OR=6.06; 95% CI 2.05-17.87), living in a carpeted home (OR=3.06; 95% CI 1.41-6.64), using a gas stove (OR=9.09; 95% CI 3.93-21.03), playing with plush toys (OR=4.58; 95% CI 2.04-10.30), living in a home distanced less than 500 meters from the main traffic road (OR=3.68; 95% CI 1.27-10.70), less than 500 meters from a plant farm (OR=3.78; 95% CI 1.68-10.70), and less than 500 meters from an electric station (OR=5.57; 95% CI 1.73-17.93).Conclusions: This study confirms the associations between individual, outdoor-indoor environmental factors, and bronchial asthma among children in Medina. This study is a step forward into the future of interventional programs to control bronchial asthma among children.
Effectiveness of pamphlets on knowledge and practice regarding oral rehydration among mothers of under five children
Authors: Kumari Rina , Raju Somesh , Sharma Pragati , Verma Raunak , Pratap Prashant
Published: September 2020

Background: Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children. Correct knowledge regarding oral rehydration therapy (ORT) helps prevent morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea. Our objective was to assess the awareness, knowledge and practice of mothers of under-five children regarding ORT and home management of diarrhoea and effectiveness of pamphlets regarding knowledge and practices of oral rehydration therapy.Methods: A pre-experimental (one group pre-test & post-test) quantitative study conducted at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, U.P. Subjects selected by purposive sampling technique and pre-test and post test conducted after explain nature of study and distribution of pamphlets containing information about diarrhoea and ORS.Results: Pre-test knowledge score of subjects regarding diarrhoea and oral rehydration showed that 64 percent of mothers having moderately adequate knowledge and 36 percent were having inadequate knowledge. Post-test knowledge score showed Significant improvements, 72.72 percent of subjects having adequate knowledge and 27.27 percent of subjects having moderately adequate knowledge and results were highly significant. Pre-test score of mothers regarding practice of oral rehydration therapy showed that majority (45.45%) of subjects having inadequate knowledge, 41.81% of subjects having moderately adequate knowledge and only 12.72% of mothers having adequate knowledge. Post-test score ct showed significant improvement in their practice regarding diarrhoea and ORS.Conclusion: Mothers were having moderately adequate knowledge about diarrhoea and dehydration. Although most of them could prepare commercially available packets of the O.R.S, but they could not prepare the O.R.S at home. Teaching of mothers about signs of dehydration and preparing and using O.R.S can help to reduce the mortality and morbidity of under five children.