bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SLC30A2-Mediated Zinc Metabolism Modulates Gastric Cancer Progression via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Fan , Zhang Xiaohong , Feng Li , Zhang Xingxing
Published: October 2024

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a significant global health burden with limited treatment options. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of SLC30A2, a zinc transporter, in GC development and its capacity as a target for therapy. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of GC datasets (GSE54129 and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)) was conducted using bioinformatics tools to examine differential gene expression, focusing on SLC30A2. Functional assays, including Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assays, were carried out on GC cell lines to determine the impact of SLC30A2 knockdown on cell behavior. Flow cytometry was utilized to quantitatively observe cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression. The impact of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) on GC cells was evaluated by detecting apoptosis markers, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers, focusing on the regulatory effect of SLC30A2 overexpression. Results: Our analysis revealed significant upregulation of SLC30A2 in GC samples compared to normal samples, and high SLC30A2 expression was linked to poor prognosis. SLC30A2 knockdown repressed proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells, induced apoptosis, as well as arrested the cell cycle. Additionally, ZnSO4 treatment induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in GC cells, while SLC30A2 overexpression rescued ZnSO4-induced, migration, invasion, and proliferation. Moreover, ZnSO4 had been shown to bolster apoptosis and trigger the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, effects which were mitigated by the overexpression of SLC30A2. Conclusion: Our results implied that SLC30A2 was essential for GC progression by modulating zinc homeostasis and cellular processes. Targeting SLC30A2 or zinc signaling may represent a potential therapeutic approach for GC treatment.
Neuroprotective Potential of Ethoxzolamide Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Experimental Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Li Yongxia , Shen Gang , Du Jiarui , Dai Wei , Su Zuopeng
Published: October 2024

Background: As antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can exert potentially useful therapeutic effects following central nervous system trauma, including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the therapeutic efficacy of ethoxyzolamide (ETZ) as a novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for ICH has not yet been determined. Methods: An autologous blood injection method was used to establish ICH models, which were then used to establish the effects of intraperitoneal injection of ETZ on ICH. Neuronal damage, apoptotic protein expression, oxidative and inflammatory factor content, microglia marker Iba-1 positivity, hepatic and renal pathological changes, and serum concentrations of hepatic and renal function indices were assessed by Nissl staining, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and automatic biochemical analysis in brain tissues. Results: The ICH group showed massive hemorrhagic foci; significant increases in brain water content, modified mouse neurological deficit scoring (mNSS) score, pro-apoptotic protein expression, oxidative factors, pro-inflammatory factors, and Iba-1 positivity; and significant reductions in Nissl body size, anti-apoptotic protein expression, and antioxidant factors, all of which were reversed by ETZ in a dose-dependent manner. ETZ has a good biosafety profile with no significant burden on the human liver or kidneys. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway was mildly activated in ICH mice, and was further increased after ETZ injection. Molecular docking experiments revealed that ETZ could dock onto the Nrf2-binding domain of keap1. Conclusions: ETZ, as a novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, further activated the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway by docking with the Nrf2-binding domain of keap1, thereby exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and cerebral neuroprotective effects in ICH mice.
Study of the Role of E2F1 and TMEM132A in Prostate Cancer Development
Authors: Wang Ying , Hu Haifeng , Liu Huilin , Zhou Dandan , Zhang Yinghui , Li Lu , Huang Chunxin
Published: October 2024

Objective: Identify transcription factors and target genes associated with prostate cancer, offering new therapy approaches. Methods: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) investigates early 2 factor (E2F) transcription factor family roles in prostate cancer using the TCGA database. Survival analysis examined E2F factors and patient survival connections. Dataset analysis identified E2F1-involved key genes. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR), which combines ultrasound-guided methods to collect clinical samples from prostate cancer patients, was utilized to determine the expression levels of E2F1 and its target genes in patient samples and cancer cells. The effect of E2F1 and its target gene expression alterations on prostate cell proliferation was examined utilizing the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) technique. Double fluorescence enzyme experiment verified E2F1-target gene connections. Results: E2F family genes induce prostate cancer and show correlated co-expression. E2F1, E2F2, E2F3, E2F5, and E2F7 were considerably over-expressed in prostate cancer tissues. While E2F4 and E2F6 were notably underexpressed, there was no statistically important change in the E2F8 expression between prostate cancer and surrounding tissues. High expression of E2F genes is associated with lower patient survival. The transmemrane protein 132 (TMEM132A) was identified as a key gene for E2F1 action and is associated with poor prognosis in patients. The essential gene for E2F1 function, TMEM132A, was discovered. According to the qPCR results, E2F1 and TMEM132A are considerably expressed in cancer cells and patient samples. Interfering with its expression significantly inhibited the proliferation ability of cancer cells. The double luciferase experiment showed that E2F1 regulates the expression level in phase by binding directly to the TMEM132A promoter. Conclusions: The E2F transcription factor family induces prostate cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. E2F1 directly regulates TMEM132A by binding its promoter and controlling the degree of protein expression, thereby affecting cancer cell growth.
Formulating Spray-Dried Albumin-Modified Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating Acyclovir for Enhanced Pulmonary Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Kewei , Han Zhen , Chen Dagui , Zhang Chenxi , Zhang Qian , Cai Bo , Qin Yafei , Wang Kai , Shang Fusheng , Wan Jian
Published: October 2024

Background: Viral pneumonia, a pressing global health issue, necessitates innovative therapeutic approaches. Acyclovir, a potent ring-opening antiviral agent with broad-spectrum activity, faces water solubility, oral bioavailability, and drug resistance challenges. The aim of this study was to increase the efficacy of acyclovir through respiratory delivery by encapsulating it within albumin-modified lipid nanoparticles and formulate it as a spray. Methods: Nanoparticles was synthesized via the reverse evaporation method; its physicochemical characteristics were rigorously evaluated, including particle size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, and release profile. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and its therapeutic potential against viral pneumonia were assessed through cellular and animal model experiments. Result s: Nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology, with a mean particle size of 97.48 ± 5.36 nm and a zeta potential of 30.28 ± 4.72 mv; they demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency (93.26 ± 3.27%), drug loading (11.36 ± 0.48%), and a sustained release profile of up to 92% under neutral conditions. Notably, nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity and efficient intracellular delivery of acyclovir. In vitro studies revealed that nanoparticles significantly reduced interleukin-6 levels induced by influenza virus stimulation. In vivo, nanoparticles treatment markedly decreased mortality, attenuated the inflammatory markers interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, and mitigated inflammatory lung injury in mice with viral pneumonia. Conclusions: In this study, albumin was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) containing cationic lipid nanoparticles (LN) to prepare albumin-modified lipid nanoparticles encapsulating acyclovir (ALN-Acy), which can effectively deliver Acy into tissues and cells, prolong the survival of mice, and reduce lung injury and inflammatory factors. White albumin LN can be used as efficient drug delivery carriers, and the delivery of Acy via albumin LN is expected to be a therapeutic strategy for treating inflammatory diseases.
Key Synaptic Pathology in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Genetic Mechanisms and Recent Advances
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Tang Rui , Hu Zhi-Min , Wang Xi-Hao , Gao Xia , Wang Tao , Tang Ming-Xi
Published: October 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions and verbal communication, accompanied by symptoms of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior or interest. Over the past 30 years, the morbidity of ASD has increased in most areas of the world. Although the pathogenesis of ASD is not fully understood, it has been associated with over 1000 genes or genomic loci, indicating the importance and complexity of the genetic mechanisms involved. This review focuses on the synaptic pathology of ASD and particularly on genetic variants involved in synaptic structure and functions. These include SHANK, NLGN, NRXN, FMR1, and MECP2 as well as other potentially novel genes such as CHD8, CHD2, and SYNGAP1 that could be core elements in ASD pathogenesis. Here, we summarize several pathological pathways supporting the hypothesis that synaptic pathology caused by genetic mutations may be the pathogenic basis for ASD.
Advances in Blood Biomarkers and Diagnosis Approaches for Neurodegenerative Dementias and Related Diseases
Authors: Sekimori Tomoki , Fukunaga Kohji , Finkelstein David I. , Kawahata Ichiro
Published: October 2024

Neurodegenerative dementias and related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson's disease have no fundamental cure yet. Degenerative proteins begin to accumulate before the onset of the symptoms of these diseases, and the early detection of these symptoms can lead to early therapeutic intervention. Therefore, early and simpler diagnostic methods are required. This review focuses on blood biomarkers, which are less expensive and easier to use than cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and diagnostic imaging. A variety of approaches exist for establishing diagnostic methods for neurodegenerative dementias using blood biomarkers, such as disease differentiation using a single molecule, methods that combine multiple biomarkers, studies that search for important markers by comprehensively analyzing many molecules, and methods that combine other data. Finally, we discuss the future prospects for blood biomarker research based on the characteristics of each approach.
The Selective Impairments of Total Sleep Deprivation on Alerting, Orienting, and Executive Control: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials
Authors: Dong Yuefang , Wang Lanxiang , Luo Lisha , Wang Yiran , Song Tao , Shao Yongcong , Jiao Fubin , Shi Guohua
Published: October 2024

Background: Many studies have shown that total sleep deprivation (TSD) impairs the attention network, which includes three subcomponents as follows: alerting, orienting, and executive control. However, the specific attention network(s) damaged by TSD remains unclear. Methods: Twenty two participants were enrolled to complete the attention network test (ANT) before and after 36 h of TSD with simultaneous electroencephalography recordings. Results: The repeated-measures analysis of variance of the response time (RT) suggested that the interaction effect between sleep conditions (before versus after TSD) and target congruence (incongruent versus congruent target) was significant; that is, the RT of the incongruent target was longer than that of the congruent target, whereas this difference disappeared after TSD. Furthermore, the interaction effect of sustained potential (SP) amplitude between the sleep conditions and target congruence was significant; that is, the incongruent target invoked a less positive sustained potential amplitude after than before TSD; whereas that invoked by the congruent target was not. Conclusion: TSD selectively impairs attention networks. TSD affects the executive control network the most, which is followed by the alerting network rather than the orienting network. This provides a new perspective for understanding how shortened sleep affects attention. Clinical Trial Registration: No: ChiCTR2400088448. Registered 19 August 2024, https://www.chictr.org.cn.
Neuromodulation of the Cerebellum for Motor Applications: A Systematic Review
Authors: Warthen Katherine G. , Walker Nicole C. , Wicklund Bo Dehm , Gonzalez Mia M. , Ramirez Nathan , Gee Stephanie C. , Al-Dasouqi Hanaa , Madore Michelle R.
Published: October 2024

Background: Despite the connections and clear importance of the cerebellum in motor function, research utilizing cerebellar neuromodulation for treatment of movement disorders is still underdeveloped. Here we conduct a systematic review to investigate non-invasive neurostimulation of the cerebellum and its potential impact on motor systems and its function. Our aim is to give a general review of each neurostimulation study focusing on the cerebellum as a treatment target in the past five years at time of search, in order to update the field on current findings and inspire similar cerebellar neurostimulation research without unnecessary repetition. Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, our search included articles over the past five years that evaluated neurostimulation of the cerebellum (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and transcranial alternating current stimulation, etc.). Inclusion criteria included: (1) neurostimulation (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)) of the cerebellum; (2) only original articles, and (3) outcomes focused on motor functions. Exclusion criteria included: (1) neurostimulation with the goal of targeting any brain structure other than the cerebellum and (2) reviews and conference abstracts. Results: The search revealed 82 distinct articles relevant to the research question. Included are 17 articles concerning rTMS, 56 articles concerning tDCS, and 9 articles concerning tACS. The majority of the studies are controlled trials of varying types, with 79, with two case studies and one pilot study. Conclusions: Many studies showed significant effects on motor function and circuitry via non-invasive neurostimulation of the cerebellum. Common targets of cerebellar neurostimulation include visuomotor control, stroke rehabilitation for improvements in balance and coordination, and motor skill acquisition. The field is still exploring ideal parameters of neurostimulation for each disorder or function of interest. Future research areas should include the inclusion of individual anatomy, including functional connectivity, and improving stimulation selectivity.
Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease: Implications of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Race, and Sex
Authors: Gollie Jared M. , Mahalwar Gauranga
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a major health burden in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While cardiorespiratory fitness, race, and sex are known to influence the relationship between CVD and mortality in the absence of kidney disease, their roles in patients with CKD remain less clear. Therefore, this narrative review aims to synthesize the existing data on CVD in CKD patients with a specific emphasis on cardiorespiratory fitness, race, and sex. It highlights that both traditional and non-traditional risk factors contribute to CVD development in this population. Additionally, biological, social, and cultural determinants of health contribute to racial disparities and sex differences in CVD outcomes in patients with CKD. Although cardiorespiratory fitness levels also differ by race and sex, their influence on CVD and cardiovascular mortality is consistent across these groups. Furthermore, exercise has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in CKD patients regardless of race or sex. However, the specific effects of exercise on CVD risk factors in CKD patients, particularly across different races and sexes remains poorly understood and represent a critical area for future research.
Effekte der KMK-Sondermaßnahmen auf die Unterrichtsqualität und Leistungen von Schüler:innen an der Grundschule. Befunde aus dem IQB-Bildungstrend
Authors: Richter Eric , Henschel Sofie , Weirich Sebastian , Schipolowski Stefan , Hoffmann Lars , Richter Dirk
Published: October 2024

Um die Unterrichtsversorgung zu sichern, setzen viele Grundschulen in Deutschland Lehrkräftefach- und schulartfremd oder ohne grundständige Lehramtsausbildung im Unterricht ein. Dervorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen dieses Einsatzes auf die Unterrichtsqualitätund die Leistungen der Schüler:innen in der Jahrgangsstufe 4. Auf Basis der Daten des IQB-Bildungstrends 2021 erfolgte zunächst eine Aufbereitung mittels Multilevel Propensity ScoreMatching. Anschließend wurden Multilevel-Regressionsanalysen durchgeführt, um die Effekteunterschiedlicher Einsätze von Lehrkräften jeweils im Vergleich zu regulär eingesetztenLehrkräften unter Kontrolle von Merkmalen der Schüler:innen, der Klassenzusammensetzungund der Lehrkraft zu analysieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die wahrgenommeneUnterrichtsqualität durch die Schüler:innen in den Fächern Deutsch und Mathematik in Klassenmit fachfremden, schulartfremden oder nicht grundständig ausgebildeten Lehrkräftengegenüber regulär eingesetzten Lehrkräften nicht unterscheidet. Hinsichtlich der Leistungender Schüler:innen zeigen sich nur im Fach Deutsch und nur für die von schulartfremdenLehrkräften unterrichteten Schüler:innen etwas geringere Kompetenzen. Der Beitrag schließtmit einer Diskussion der Implikationen für die Bildungsadministration und einem Ausblick aufweiteren Forschungsbedarfe.
The role of semantic interpretability and syntactic legality in complex nonword recognition
Authors: Rossetto Alessia , Popov Srdjan , Saar Lachlan , Reading Myles , Beyersmann Elisabeth
Published: October 2024

This study explored the role of semantic interpretability and syntactic legality on complex nonword recognition. A rating experiment tested the correlation between these two linguistic factors by asking participants to rate the interpretability of legal and illegal nonwords made up of stem-suffix combinations. Results showed that these two factors are highly correlated. In two further lexical decision experiments (unprimed lexical decision in Experiment 2 and masked primed lexical decision in Experiment 3), we carefully dissociated interpretability and legality by comparing four types of nonwords: high-interpretability syntactically legal, high-interpretability syntactically illegal, low-interpretability syntactically legal, and low-interpretability syntactically illegal nonwords. To test whether or not the activation of embedded stems was modulated by their morpho-semantic and morpho-syntactic context, all complex nonwords were compared against a matched non-stem control. A significant effect of stem status was found in Experiments 2 and 3, providing evidence for the important role of embedded stems in complex nonword recognition. Moreover, a significant effect of interpretability was found only in the unprimed lexical decision (Experiment 2), but not in masked priming (Experiment 3), suggesting that semantics does not influence complex word recognition until participants have enough time to thoroughly process the nonword. No effect of syntactic legality was found in either experiment. These results highlight the independent roles of semantic interpretability and syntactic legality in visual nonword recognition, supporting an initial semantically blind stage in morphological parsing.
Strategic and Graduated, Retrospective and Prospective Metacognitive Judgments by Monkeys
Authors: Altschul Drew
Published: October 2024

Studies of metacognition in nonhuman animals typically require subjects to make binary choices, e.g., skipping a trial on a cognitive task or placing a two-choice bet of confidence. Although animals can use that contingency to maximize reward, their performance is much less flexible than the graduated judgments that have been reported in the human literature. Here, we report three experiments in which monkeys wagered a small, medium, or large number of tokens on the accuracy of their performance (retrospective metacognition), or anticipated performance (prospective metacognition), on each trial of a matching-to-sample task. Subjects’ wagers tended to maximize reward and minimize risk. They were also influenced by the number of tokens needed to earn a reward on each trial. Alternative cues such as reaction time and test difficulty could not account for our results which show, for the first time, that monkeys can make graduated and strategic metacognitive judgments.
Sun Zuodong Attends the 2024 World Congress on Life Sciences Potassium Channel 'Origami Windmill Model' Expands Human Cognitive Boundaries
Authors: sun zuodong
Published: October 2024

The 2024 World Congress on Life Sciences is the highest level, widest coverage, and most influential academic event in the field of international life sciences. Over 60 Chinese and foreign academicians, including four Nobel laureates Randy Schekman, Barry J. Marshall, Erwin Neher, and George Fitzgerald Smoot III, attended and gave presentations for academic exchange. The Chinese chairman of the conference: Wu Weihua (Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress, academician of the CAS Member), and the foreign chairman Randy W. Schekman (winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine).
The shape of shared attention: investigating the influence of environmental variation on the compositional structure of traditional decorative artworks
Authors: Van Horn Andrew , Stewart Alexander
Published: October 2024

Styles of traditional decorative art vary substantially across cultures. While early theorists attributed this variation to differences in environment, scholarship has long focused on decorative artworks as vehicles of social information and stylistic variation as a consequence of social factors. However, if the capacity to create and consume art evolved as a mechanism to shape shared attention, it is possible that environmental factors may indeed play a role in variation of decorative style. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing the compositional structure of 198 textiles from eighteen cultures across the globe using the complexity-entropy plane. Entropy and statistical complexity have previously been used to characterize changes in the compositional structure of paintings of the Western canon over the last millennium. We observed that complexity and entropy are useful measures for characterizing traditional textile designs: high-entropy/low-complexity samples feature dense repetitions of small Euclidean shapes, while low-entropy/high-complexity samples feature large, single-color fields with bold borders. We observed weak-but-significant associations between these measures and three environmental variables: absolute latitude, Koppen climate classification, and a composite variable representing subsistence mode. Interestingly, we observed a significant difference between works from Afro-Eurasia/Oceania and the Americas. Controlling for this and other factors related to social transmission improves the strength of the relationship between compositional structure and subsistence mode. We propose that aesthetic preferences may be affected by subsistence mode as well as cultural factors, and suggest that further studies with more granular environmental data are necessary. We further discuss potential explanations for the observed difference between "hemispheres."
proses geologi
Authors: ZEBUA DESKRISMAN
Published: October 2024

geologi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari dan menyelidiki lapisan-lapisan batuan yang ada dalam kerak bumi.
Bağlantıcı Kitlesel Açık Çevrimiçi Derslerde Etkileşim Örüntüleri ve Öğreten-Öğrenen Rollerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Bozkurt Aras
Published: October 2024

Bu doktora tez çalışmasının amacı bağlantıcı kitlesel açık çevrimiçi derslerde (KAÇD) etkileşim örüntülerini ve öğreten-öğrenen rollerini belirlemeye çalışmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada karma araştırma yöntemi ve sıralı açıklayıcı desen kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca veri toplama ve analiz amacıyla sosyal ağ analizi, görüşme, gözlem ve doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları bağlantıcılık, rizomatik öğrenme ve sosyal ağ kuramı bağlamlarında yorumlanmıştır.Araştırmanın demografik bulgularına göre, bağlantıcı öğrenme ortamlarında öğrenenlerin zaman ve mekan bağlamında küresel çapta dağıtık oldukları, çoğunun İngilizce konuşulan ülkelerden katılım gösterdiği, öğrenenlerin %89’unun düşük bağlamlı kültürlerden %11’inin ise yüksek bağlamlı kültürlerden olduğu gözlenmiştir. Katılımcıların çoğunun bir nedenle eğitim alanıyla ilgili veya yükseköğretimde öğrenci veya öğretmen olan bireyler olduğu saptanmıştır. Demografik bulgular KAÇD’larda çeşitliliğin birçok boyutta mevcut olduğunu göstermektedir ve bu bulgular KAÇD’ler için “küresel mega sınıf” ifadesini doğrular niteliktedir.Bağlantıcı kitlesel açık çevrimiçi dersler etkileşim örüntüleri bağlamında incelendiğinde birleşik-sıkı bağları olan bir ağ örüntüsü yapısı gözlenmiştir. Bu türdeki ağ yapısında yer alan düğümler kendi aralarında ve alt-gruplar arasında köprü görevi gören önemli bağlar oluştururlar. Bu ağ yapısındaki öğrenenler sıklıkla iletişime geçme eğilimindedirler ve ortak ilgi alanına sahiptirler. Bu ağ türleri genellikle iletişim ve etkileşimin bir girdap gibi merkeze doğru yoğunlaştığı ve farklı öğrenenleri farklı zaman dilimlerinde içerisine çeken birkaç tane yoğun ve/veya yoğun bir biçimde birbirlerine bağlı alt-gruplardan oluşurlar.Araştırma bulguları ayrıca bağlantıcı öğrenme ortamlarının iletişim ve etkileşim kurmak için az sayıda adım gerektirdiğini, öğrenme ağının Küçük Dünya Fenomeni ve Küresel Köy kavramlarını doğrulayan bir yapısı olduğunu göstermiştir. Azalan öğrenen sayısına ters orantılı bir şekilde ağ yoğunluğu değerinin arttığı gözlenmiş ve öğrenme ağında yoğun etkileşimin olduğu görülmüştür. Düğümlerin derece merkeziliği dağılımı incelendiğinde uzun kuyruk ve güç yasasına uygun bir dağılım gözlenmiş ve bağlantıcı ağların ölçekten bağımsız ağlar olduğu bulunmuştur. Bilginin üretimi ve tüketimi bağlamında öğrenenlerin 80/20 kuralı, 90-9-1 kuralı ve Pareto Yasasındakine benzer bir şekilde hareket ettikleri görülmektedir.Öğreten ve öğrenen rollerinin belirlenmesine yönelik yapılan analiz ve çözümlemelerde toplam 25 rol belirlenmiş, ortaya çıkan rollerden 12 tanesi öğreten, 11 tanesi öğrenen ve 2 tanesi öğreten-öğrenen ortak rolü olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ortaya çıkan roller incelendiğinde öğreten ve öğrenen arasındaki sınırların bulanıklaştığı, öğrenme sürecindeki sorumluluğun hem öğreten hem de öğrenen tarafından paylaşıldığı görülmektedir. Öğreten rolleri öğrenme sürecini kolaylaştırmaya yönelik roller iken, öğrenenlerin öz becerilerini kullanmaya yönelik rolleri üstlendikleri görülmüştür.
Dynamics of Changes in the Level of Cognitive Functioning Among Patients After SARS-CoV-2 Infection ‒ A Proposal for Remote Neuropsychological Assessment in a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Malinowska Ewa , Żarnecka Dominika , Łojek Emilia , NeuroCovid Research Team
Published: October 2024

Study purpose: The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess the cognitive functioning of people who had COVID-19, to determine the dynamics of changes observed in this area over a period of 3‒4 months, to compare the patients' results with those of a control group, and to verify the usefulness of a new method of remote neuropsychological assessment.
Method: A longitudinal study was conducted using the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) neuropsychological assessment tool, which was translated into Polish for the purpose of the study. The study included subjects following SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID(+) group) and control subjects (COVID(‒) group). Cognitive functions in both groups were assessed twice, 3‒4 months apart. The study was conducted from July 2020 to January 2022.
Results: Data comparisons were performed using mixed ANOVA with repeated measures. Compared to the COVID(‒) group, the COVID(+) group scored significantly lower on the first and second measurements of the Backward Digit Span Test and on the first measurement of the Number Series Test. Additionally, an improvement was observed in COVID(+) group scores in the second measurement compared to the first measurement in: Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) in both the immediate and delayed recall condition; the Backward  Digit Span Test, the Number Series Test and 30 Seconds and Counting Task (30-SACT).
Conclusions: The obtained results show an impairment in working memory functions and inductive reasoning in COVID(+) subjects compared to COVID(‒) subjects. In addition, the study indicates the usefulness of BTACT in tracking the changes in cognitive functioning over time in individuals following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Tests to assess working memory (Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Backward Digit Span Test) and a test of inductive reasoning (Number Series Test) appear to be particularly useful in monitoring the mentioned changes.
Features of the laboratory work «Measuring resistance to the spreading current of grounding devices, soil resistance, insulation of networks and electrical installations» with the help of a virtual laboratory bench
Authors: Bereziuk Oleh
Published: October 2024

The materials of this scientific article consider the possibility of using a virtual laboratory stand during the laboratory work carried out by students of higher education institutions under the name «Measurement of the resistance to the spread of the current of grounding devices, the specific resistance of the soil, the insulation of networks and electrical installations». This laboratory work is included in the curriculum of the normative educational component «Occupational safety in the industry and civil protection». The article examines the specific advantages of using a virtual stand, in particular its role in improving the quality of the educational process, expanding access to resources, and optimizing educational costs.
The purpose of this article is to consider the main possibilities of using the proposed virtual laboratory stand as an innovative approach in the study of complex technical processes and ensuring a high level of training during laboratory work on the topic «Measurement of resistance to the spread of current of grounding devices, soil resistivity, insulation of networks and electrical installations».
This laboratory work is a component of the curriculum of the normative educational component aimed at forming in students the ability to identify, analyze and evaluate potential risks associated with the production environment, and which is entitled «Occupational Safety and Civil Protection». Particular attention is paid to the methodology of conducting laboratory work using a virtual stand, including steps for configuring the software, algorithms for performing measurements and analyzing the received data. Methods of simulating various measurement conditions are described in detail, allowing students to practice scenarios that would be difficult or dangerous to implement in real conditions.
In the materials of the article, an overview of the interface and functionality of the developed computer program, which reproduces the control components of real laboratory equipment and is intended for the implementation of the functions of a virtual laboratory stand, is reviewed, the key capabilities of the proposed program are described, including the simulation of various laboratory scenarios and the availability of theoretical materials necessary for preparing and conducting a laboratory session, as well as a detailed reproduction of the appearance and control components of real experimental laboratory equipment, which contributes to the creation of a feeling of working with physical devices, the implementation of mathematical models that accurately describe the dependence of output parameters on input parameters. It was also found that the use of similar technologies during other laboratory works from the above-mentioned normative educational component requires further thorough systematic research and publication of their results.
Zasada dowolności formy złożenia oświadczenia woli a autonomia woli podmiotów prawa cywilnego
Authors: Wolak Grzegorz
Published: October 2024

Autor omawia zasadę swobody formy złożenia oświadczenia woli wyrażoną w art. 60 kodeksu cywilnego, jak też poglądy doktryny odnośnie do tego czy zasada ta winna być traktowana jako jeden z elementów autonomii woli podmiotów prawa cywilnego, obok takich elementów jak swoboda zawarcia umowy, swoboda doboru kontrahenta, swoboda kształtowania treści umów (swoboda umów sensu stricto – art. 3531 k.c.), swoboda modyfikacji postanowień umownych, wreszcie swoboda unicestwienia zawartej wcześniej umowy. Autor wyraża pogląd, iż odpowiedź na tak postawione pytanie winna być twierdząca.
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In dem Artikel bespreche ich den Grundsatz der Freiheit der Willenserklärungsform, das in dem Artikel 60 der Zivilegesetzbuches aus gedrückt ist. Ich bespreche auch die Anschauungen der Doktrin in Bezug darauf, ob dieser Grundsatz als einer der Elemente der Willensautonomie der Zivilrechtssubjekte behandelt werden soll, wie folgende Elemente: die Freiheit des Vertragsabschlusses, die Freiheit der Wahl der Vertragspartners, die Freiheit der Gestaltung des Vertragsinhalts (im engeren Sinne die Vertragsfreiheit – Artikel 3531 des Zivilegesetzbuches), Änderungsfreiheit der Vertragsbestimmungen und schliesslich die Freiheit der Auflösung des früher abgeschlossenen Vertrags. In dem Artikel drücke ich die Anschauung aus, das die Antwort auf so gestellte Frage bejahend sein soll.
Features of Academia-Industry Interactions in Nigeria from the Perspective of Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Olatunji Adeoti John , Adeyinka Foluso , Odekunle Kolade
Published: October 2024

The contribution of academia to economic development depends on the extent to which firms are able to employ the knowledge they generate. This paper draws from the report of a survey of Nigerian manufacturing firms aimed at ascertaining the level and scope of firms’ interaction with the academia comprising of universities and public research institutes, and their implications for building local technological capability. The results of the study showed that while firms have used existing production processes to manufacture products that are new to Nigeria, R&D capability is still relatively weak. The academia took the least position in the perception of firms as source of knowledge that had resulted in new projects or completion of existing innovative projects. Firms generally perceive the quality of R&D in the universities and research institutes to be low, and hence depend largely on their limited in-house R&D. It thus follows that building local technological capability would require raising the quality of R&D in universities and research institutes, and active promotion of collaborative R&D projects between firms and universities/research institutes.
Analisis Penggunaan Energi Listrik Pada Mobil Listrik Terhadap Intensitas Cahaya
Authors: Arif Ilham Rafi Cahyo  , Hamzah Eteruddin  , David Setiawan  , Darmansyah
Published: October 2024

Penerangan pada kendaraan sangat berperan penting. Salah satu bagian dari fitur penerangan pada kendaraan adalah lampu penerangan utama (head lamp). Sistem penerangan terdiri dari beberapa komponen dan cara kerja, salah satunya adalah sistem kelistrikan bodi lampu penerangan utama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar penggunaan intensitas cahaya lampu penerangan khususnya lampu penerangan utama mobil listrik tersebut agar penggunaan lampu sesuai dengan kegunaan pengemudi. Sistem kelistrikan bodi adalah instalasi dari berbagai rangkaian sistem kelistrikan dari kendaraan. Rangkaian kelistrikan bodi tersebut, antara lain sistem penerangan dan sistem peringatan. Perbandingan intensitas cahaya pada lampu digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa kuat intensitas cahaya yang dihasilkan dari lampu LED 12 Volt berdaya 5 Watt dengan lampu halogen 12 Volt 55 Watt menggunakan alat ukur lux meter yang dihadapkan langsung ke arah lampu depan dengan jarak 1 meter dari sumber cahaya. Dari hasil perhitungan yang didapatkan maka kapasitas lampu yang digunakan tidak boleh melebihi 60 W. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa lampu LED lebih hemat energi dibandingkan lampu pijar Halogen dengan intensitas yang lebih terang. Hasil pengujian pada intensitas Cahaya pada lampu pijar Halogen lampu jauh 60 W 3250 lumen dan lampu dekat 55 W 740 lumen.
Artificial intelligence and classical methods in animal genetics and breeding
Authors: Soloshenkov А. D. , Soloshenkova E. A. , Semina M. T. , Spasskaya N. N. , Voronkova V. N. , Stolpovky Y. A.
Published: October 2024

The article analyses basic methods of population genetics and animal breeding, as well as mathematical methods of machine learning used in animal breeding. The training of cat boost library models was carried out on the example of two domesticated species – domestic horse (Equus caballus) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). Data from microsatellite panels of 16 and 17 loci, respectively, were used to train the model using data on domesticated and wild reindeer, European and Russian horse breeds. The standard indicators: accuracy, precision, recall and f1 were calculated to determine the success of the model. Confusion matrices were constructed. New possibilities of identification of animal breed affiliation were shown.
Russian-Romanian relations during the Balkan Wars in the to memoirs and reports of Nikolai Shebeko, envoy to Bucharest (1912–1913)
Authors: Seleznev Fedor A.
Published: October 2024

Following the conclusion of the Crimean War, Russia adopted a policy aimed at the abolition of the Treaty of Paris of 1856, which it perceived as humiliating. To this end, Russia commenced a process of rapprochement with France, resulting in the signing of an agreement in 1859. However, having secured Russian neutrality during the 1859 Italian War, France was reluctant to honour reciprocal commitments supporting Russian efforts to abrogate the terms of the 1856 Treaty. It became increasingly clear that Napoleon III’s policy was lacking in sincerity when the Polish question reached a new level of aggravation. In a joint initiative with the United Kingdom and Austria, France launched a comprehensive political and diplomatic offensive against Russia with the intention of exerting pressure and transforming the Polish question into an international issue. Russia, on the other hand, required peace to enable the continuation of internal reforms. Consequently, it sought to identify strategies to resist the interference of the great powers. Belgium, neighbouring France, emerged as a key player in this endeavour. King Leopold I, motivated by the objective of maintaining European equilibrium, wary of the French emperor, and intent on demonstrating that the Polish question could not impinge upon the bilateral relationship between Russia and Belgium, proved to be a pivotal intermediary in the diplomatic negotiations with Paris, London, and Vienna. The reports of the Russian envoy to Belgium, Nikolai Orlov, served to supplement the information that had been transmitted by other Russian embassies in Europe. However, adhering to the instructions that had been provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Orlov, who was known for his independent views and sympathetic attitude towards the fate of Polish émigrés, openly expressed his own judgements on the possible solutions to the Polish question in his dealings with Russian and European statesmen, as well as with representatives of the Tsar’s family. Consequently, during the Polish crisis, Napoleon III endeavoured to engage Orlov in the diplomatic process. In the article, the author analyses the activities of the embassy in Brussels in 1863–1864 drawing on a hitherto unexamined set of archival documents. In addition, she examines the extent to which the mission of Nikolai Orlov as a diplomat was successful. Furthermore, the article reveals new details of the diplomatic negotiations between European states that took place during the period of international tensions in the early 1860s.
“Islam” and “Muslimisme” in the official discourse and categorical apparatus of the French authorities in the 1920s
Authors: Magadeev Iskander Е.
Published: October 2024

Throughout history, France and the Muslim world have been connected in various ways. Their interactions have ranged from constructive collaboration to colonial (or semi-colonial) domination and mutual animosity. In this article, the author seeks to examine the nuances of the discursive mobilisation and contextualisation of terms such as “Islam” and “Muslimisme” within the public and secret documents of French diplomacy and colonial administration during the 1920s. He attempts to address the following questions: What was the terminological and semantic conflict surrounding the aforementioned concepts? What were the objectives of the French officials in articulating one or another aspect of “Islam” and “Muslimisme”? Contemporary neocolonialism and a necessity to study its historical genesis and forms determine relevance of the article. The author makes use of insufficiently researched archival and published material. This, in conjunction with the nature of the research question, provides the rationale behind the originality of the analysis presented in the essay. He employs the methodology of the “history of concepts” and comparative-historical analysis to examine the intricate interrelationship between the discursive mobilisation of “Islam” and “Muslimisme”, on the one hand, and the practical policies of Paris, on the other. The author draws on a range of sources to inform his analysis, including French diplomatic documents, the notes and reports of Marshal Hubert Lyautey, books and pamphlets by various French experts and public figures, and material from the French and Algerian press. He concludes that the semantic colouring of “Islam” and “Muslimisme” in the French official discourse of the 1920s was not homogeneous. This perception included a sense of superiority close to Orientalism, a perception of the backwardness of “Islamic civilization” and its incompatibility with the Western socio-political order, and a perception of “Islam” as a potential danger, especially if it was combined with other religious (pan-Islamism) and/or socio-political challenges (pan-Turkism, Bolshevism). Concurrently, the Third Republic’s authorities frequently regarded Islam as a means of securing Muslim allegiance and enhancing France’s “soft power”.
The Tehran discussions, formal and informal
Authors: Filitov Alexey M.
Published: October 2024

A comparative study of memoirs and documentary sources pertaining to the Tehran Conference allows the author to challenge and correct some of the prevalent positions held within both historiography and popular literature on the subject. In contrast with the pervasive assumption regarding the stance of the “Big Three” on the matter of the Second Front (Stalin and Roosevelt were proponents of an expeditious invasion of Normandy, in contrast to Churchill’s ‘Mediterranean-Balkan’ strategy), he demonstrates that the US President, ostensibly under the influence of his military advisers, was initially amenable to supporting British plans. It was only through the persistent efforts of Soviet diplomacy that the American leader was persuaded to join Stalin in prioritising Operation Overlord. The real breakthrough on the Second Front issue occurred during and after an informal dinner hosted by Roosevelt after the first session of the conference on 28 November 1943, which was earlier than had previously been asserted. In the course of these informal discussions, which have been largely overlooked in previous historiography, the Soviets proposed several important projects for a post-war settlement in Europe. These proposals were largely agreed upon by Western representatives. A consensus was reached on the issue of changing the Soviet-Polish and Polish-German borders, which was subsequently updated and ratified at the Yalta and Potsdam conferences. Additionally, the article addresses other matters pertaining to the Tehran Conference, including discussions on German war criminals, the role of interpreters, and other pertinent topics.
Perbandingan Doktrin The Piercing Of Corporate Veil Di Berbagai Negara (Indonesia, Perancis Dan Jerman)
Authors: Dwinta Sugandi  , David Tan  , Winda Fitri
Published: October 2024

Dalam lingkungan bisnis, terdapat berbagai bentuk badan usaha yang dibagi menjadi perusahaan dengan status badan hukum dan non-badan hukum. Perusahaan adalah entitas yang secara konsisten menjalankan kegiatan ekonomi di Indonesia untuk mencapai keuntungan. Dalam konteks hukum, badan hukum adalah badan yang ada karena hukum dan memiliki tanggung jawab hukum yang terpisah dari individu yang terlibat di dalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prinsip Piercing The Corporate Veil dalam hukum perusahaan dan untuk mengetahui ketentuan serta penerapan doktrin Piercing The Corporate Veil dan pertanggungjawaban pemegang saham di Indonesia, Perancis dan Jerman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Pendekatan perundang-undangan merupakan pendekatan yang mengacu pada ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yakni Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Meskipun konsep PVC diterapkan dalam berbagai negara, penerapannya memerlukan analisis yang cermat dan bukti yang kuat untuk menghindari penyalahgunaan atau penyelewengan hukum. Prinsip-prinsip keadilan, kebebasan berkontrak, dan perlindungan terhadap pihak ketiga menjadi pertimbangan penting dalam pengambilan keputusan pengadilan terkait kasus piercing the corporate veil.