bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF SOME 4‐AMINOBENZAMIDES
Authors: CLARK C. R. , WELLS M. J. M. , SANSOM R. T. , NORRIS G. N. , DOCKENS R. C. , RAVIS W. R.
Published: May 2016

Dargestellt und auf antioonvulsive Wirkung an Mäusen untersucht werden die 4‐Aminobenzamide (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: VINYLOGOUS AMINO ACID ESTERS: A NEW CLASS OF INACTIVATORS FOR THIOL PROTEASES
Authors: HANZLIK R. P. , THOMPSON S. A.
Published: May 2016

Vinylogous Amino Acid Esters: A New Class of Inactivators for Thiol Proteases.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐DIMETHYL‐1,4‐NAPHTHOQUINONE DERIVATIVES AS BIOREDUCTIVE ALKYLATING AGENTS WITH CROSSLINKING POTENTIAL
Authors: LIN T.‐S. , ANTONINI I. , COSBY L. A. , SARTORELLI A. C.
Published: May 2016

Von den im Formelschema aufgeführten Verbindungen besitzen (Va) und (VIII) Wirkung egen Sarcoma 180 der Maus.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL SERIES OF (ARYLOXY)PROPANOLAMINES: NEW SELECTIVE β2‐BLOCKING AGENTS
Authors: CARRE M.‐C. , YOULASSANI A. , CAUBERE P. , SAINT‐AUBIN‐FLOCH A. , BLANC M. , ADVENIER C.
Published: May 2016

Durch Cycloaddition der den Verbindungen (I) entsprechenden Arine mit den Enolaten (II) erhält man die Schlüsselverbindungen (III) und (IV), die über die Phenole (V) in die Phenolether (VI) umgewandelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE WAY TO BENZOANNULATED CENTROTRIQUINANES
Authors: KUCK D.
Published: May 2016

Die aus den lndandionen (I) zugänglichen Diole (IIa) und (IIb) werden durch Cyclodehydratisierung in das Tribenzo‐tricyclo‐undecan (III) bzw. die Tribenzo‐tricyclo‐decane (VI) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIISOPHORONE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. PART 12. SYNTHESIS OF 4‐BROMODIISOPHORONES AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH NUCLEOPHILES
Authors: KURZER F. , PATEL J. N.
Published: May 2016

Das bei der Bromierung des Epoxids (I) entstehende Brom‐diisophorenolon (II) wird beim Zutropfen von HClO4 (60 baren Gemisch der Ester (IIIa) und (IIIb) acetyliert, während durch nucleophile Reagenzien das Br‐Atom von (II) substituiert wird: in NaOH/H2O entsteht unter N2 das 1,4‐Diol‐3‐on, bei Luftzutritt das 3,4‐Dion‐1‐ol, bei der Acetolyse das 4‐Acetoxy‐Derivat (IV) und bei der Hydrazinolyse das Hydrazon (V).
ChemInform Abstract: DIISOPHORONE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. PART 13. NUCLEOPHILIC REACTIONS OF 8‐BROMODIISOPHORONE‐1‐CARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: KURZER F. , PATEL J. N.
Published: May 2016

Das Diisophorenon (I) und die durch Koch‐ Haaf‐Carboxylierung von (I) erhältliche Säure (II) werden bei der Acetolyse und Methanolyse in 4‐Position substituiert: Bildung der Derivate (III), (VII) und (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF NITRATED DERIVATIVES OF BIOLOGICAL INTEREST. XXXV. SYNTHESIS AND PRELIMINARY TESTS AGAINST BACTERIA AND PROTOZOA OF POLYMETHOXY 2‐NITRONAPHTHO (2,1‐B)FURAN DERIVATIVES
Authors: BUISSON J.‐P. , ROYER R. , GAYRAL P.
Published: May 2016

Die Dimethoxyderivate (V), (XII) und (XV) sowie die Monomethoxymonobromderivate (X) und (XIII) werden, wie im Formelschema aufgeführt, synthetisiert und in ihrer Wirkung gegenüber Bakterien und Protozoen mit den bereits bekannten Monomethoxy‐naphthofuranen (XVI) verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZO‐Γ‐PYRONES. PART XI. SOME REACTIONS OF Ω‐BROMO‐2‐HYDROXYACETOPHENONE
Authors: JERZMANOWSKA Z. , ZIELINSKA L.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Bromacetophenon (I) wurde durch Formylierung‐Cyclisierung in schlechter Ausb. die neue Verbindung (III) neben sehr wenig (IV) (Ausb. in g angegeben.) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYPHTHALIDES
Authors: FRESKOS J. , CYNKOWSKI T. , SWENTON J. S.
Published: May 2016

Die Cyclohexadiene (I) reagieren über die 1,3‐Diene mit dem Acetylencarbonsäureester (II) zu den Benzoesäureestern (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF A 3A,6‐DIHYDROINDOLE FROM AN ALKENYLPYRROLE
Authors: LEE C. K.
Published: May 2016

Umsetzung des Pyrrols (I) mit dem Diester (I I) liefert die Titelverbindung (III) und daneben das Addukt (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction of a Methoxyl Group into the 6‐Position of Indoles.
Authors: MIYAKE Y. , KAWASE M. , KIKUGAWA Y.
Published: May 2016

Die aus den entsprechenden Indolen durch Reduktion zugänglichen Indoline (Ia) werden mit Brom in Schwefelsäure in Gegenwart von Silbersulfat in die 6‐Brom‐indoline (Ib) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐HYDROXY‐α‐METHYLTYROSINE PROGENITORS, SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SOME (2‐OXO‐1,3‐DIOXOL‐4‐YL)METHYL ESTERS
Authors: SAARI W. S. , HALCZENKO W. , COCHRAN D. W. , DOBRINSKA M. R. , VINCEK W. C. , TITUS D. C. , GAUL S. L. , SWEET C. S.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Hydroxyketonen (I) erhält man mit Phosgen die Vinylencarbonate (II), die zu den Allylbromiden (III) halogeniert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF 1,3‐DISUBSTITUTED 4‐ARYLIDENEPYRAZOLIN‐5‐ONES AND THE KETO AND ENOL FORMS OF 4,4′‐ARYLIDENEBIS(1,3‐DISUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLIN‐5‐ONES)
Authors: SINGH DEVINDER , SINGH DAROGA
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung des Pyrazolinons (Ia) mit den Aldehyden (II) führt zu entsprechenden Gemischen der Verbindungen (III) und (IV); unter basischen Bedingungen werden die Enole (V) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐ARYLHYDANTOINE, A CLASS OF SCHISTOSOMICIDAL COMPOUNDS
Authors: LINK H. , STOHLER H. R.
Published: May 2016

Die Hydantoinverbindungen (Ib)‐(le) und (II) werden nach bekannten Syntheseverfahren hergestellt und bezüglich ihrer schistosomiziden Wirkung mit dem bereits bekannten, sehr aktiven 4‐Chlorphenylderivat (Ia) verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: An Account of the Selectivity in the Reactions of Nitrile Oxides with Substituted p‐Benzoquinones by FMO Theory.
Authors: HAYAKAWA T. , ARAKI K. , SHIRAISHI S.
Published: May 2016

Die unterschiedliche Regioselektivität der Chinone (Ia)‐(Ie) im Vergleich zu (If)‐(Ii) gegenüber den Nitriloxiden (III) wird mit Hilfe der Grenzorbitaltheorie theoretisch untersucht und mit kinetischen Daten korreliert.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTED 6‐PHENYLIMIDAZO(2,1‐B)THIAZOLES AND THIAZOLINES AS POTENTIAL CARDIOTONIC AGENTS
Authors: ANDREANI A. , RAMBALDI M. , BONAZZI D. , LELLI G. , BOSSA R. , GALATULAS I.
Published: May 2016

Die Thiazole (I) reagieren′ mit den Bromiden (II) zunächst zu Salzen, deren Ringschluß dann die Titelverbindungen (III) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐BENZOXADIAZOLE ‐ DETECTION IN ARGON MATRIX AND IN SOLUTION
Authors: SCHULZ R. , SCHWEIG A.
Published: May 2016

Nachweis in Argon‐Matrix und in Lösung.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVITY VARIATIONS IN THE 1,3‐DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED 3‐OXIDOPYRYLIUM BETAINES TO UNSYMMETRICAL DIPOLAROPHILES
Authors: SAMMES P. G. , STREET L. J.
Published: May 2016

Die Pyranone (I) werden über entsprechende intermediäre Betaine (VII) mit den Dipolarophilen (II) zu den Adduktgemischen (III)‐(VI) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF TRIACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors: KANG J. , KIM Y. H. , PARK M. , LEE C. H. , KIM W.‐J.
Published: May 2016

Meldrumsäure (I) wird mit Diketen (II) acyliert und das Acylierungsprodukt (III) in Gegenwart von p‐Toluolsulfonsäure zur α‐Pyroncarbonsäure (IV) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS, XXII. 3‐ACYL‐4H‐(1)BENZOFURO(3,2‐B)PYRAN‐4‐ONES
Authors: GOERLITZER K. + , DEHNE A.
Published: May 2016

Der für die Synthese antiallergischer Wirkstoffe benötigte Aldehyd (III) wird durch Vilsmeier‐Formylierung des βFg‐Chelats (I) in unbefriedigender Ausbeute erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, XXIII. DIASTEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF A RACEMIC FUROHEXENOPYRANOSIDE AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE 1,2‐TRANSPOSITION OF AN ACETAL OXYGEN ‐ NEW APPROACH TO ISOCHROMANS
Authors: GLOMBIK H. , TOCHTERMANN W.
Published: May 2016

Der mit dem Halbacetal (II) im Gleichgewicht stehende Hydroxyaldehyd (I) reagiert mit dem Ester (III) zu dem racemischen Furopyran (IV), aus dem nach Umsetzung mit dem Diester (V) das Oxanorbornadien (VI) zugänglich ist.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON PYRAN DERIVATIVES. 102. XANTHONES FROM CHROMONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: EIDEN F. , RADEMACHER G. , SCHUENEMANN J. +
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion der 3‐Acyl‐2‐methylthiochromone (I) mit CH‐aciden Verbindungen (II) verläuft unter Substitution der S‐Methylgruppe zu (III) bzw. unter Ringschluß zum Xanthon (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3,4,9‐Tetrahydrothiopyrano[2,3‐b]indoles via a Novel Intramolecular Indole Grignard Reaction.
Authors: ISHIZUKA N. , MAKISUMI Y.
Published: May 2016

Die ausgehend von Oxindol (I) und Äpfelsäure (II) zugänglichen Indol‐Derivate (III) werden mit Grignard‐Reagentien (IV) cyclisiert und anschließend in die analgetisch wirksamen Thiopyrano‐indole (V) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION OF 1‐TERT‐ALKYLPYRIDINIUM SALTS
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , RUBIO O. , SZAJDA M. , NOWAK‐WYDRA B.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion von Pyridin (I) mit den Alkylbromiden (II) lassen sich die gewünschten Pyridiniumsalze (III) herstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN 1‐AZA‐1,3‐BUTADIENES: DIELS‐ALDER CYCLOADDITION REACTION OF 1‐AZA‐1,3‐BUTADIENES WITH KETENE LEADING TO THE SYNTHESIS OF Δ‐LACTAMS
Authors: KRISHAN K. , SINGH A. , SINGH B. , KUMAR S.
Published: May 2016

Die Aza‐butadiene (I) reagieren mit Bromessigsäureester (II) unter Zugabe von Zink in einer 1,4‐Cyclo‐ addition zu den Pyridinonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF DIPOLAR SPECIES UNDER PHASE‐TRANSFER CATALYSIS. PART 1. 1,3‐DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION IN A TWO‐PHASE SYSTEM
Authors: ALVAREZ BUILLA J. , QUINTANILLA M. G. , ABRIL C. , GANDASEGUI M. T.
Published: May 2016

Entsprechende Pyridiniumsalze (I) werden mit den Acetylenderivaten (II) in einem Zweiphasensystem mit anschließender Dehydrogenierung zu den lndolizinen (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolizinium Salts und Their Hydrogenated Derivatives.
Authors: CZARNOCKI Z. , WROBEL J. T.
Published: May 2016

Die Alkylpyridine (I) reagieren in Form ihrer Lithiumderivate mit Cinnamylbromid zu den Kondensationsprodukten (II), die durch HBr‐Addition in die Bromide (III) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Bromoamides as Reagents for Novel Synthesis of Indolizidine Derivatives.
Authors: CZARNOCKI Z. , WROBEL J. T.
Published: May 2016

Die Darstellung von Indolizidinen auf zwei Wegen wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER REACTION OF 3H‐PYRROLES
Authors: EDDAIF A. , LAURENT A. , MISON P. , PELLISSIER N.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Propiophenondimethylhydrazon (I) erhält man nach Metallierung mit Brom‐olefinen (II) die entsprechenden Substitutionsprodukte (III), die mit Methyliodid und NaH zu den Azirenen (IV) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF 1,2‐DIOXANES BY ELECTRON‐TRANSFER PHOTOOXYGENATION OF 1,1‐DISUBSTITUTED ETHYLENES
Authors: GOLLNICK K. , SCHNATTERER A.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Olefinen (I) erhält man bei der Photooxidation in Gegenwart von 9,10‐Dicyan‐anthracen (II) Mischungen der Oxoverbindungen (III) und der 1,2‐Dioxa‐ne (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: AN APPROACH TO THE ENANTIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESES OF SESBANIMIDE AND ITS ENANTIOMER FROM D‐GLUCOSE
Authors: FLEET G. W. J. , SHING T. K. M.
Published: May 2016

Auf den im Formelschema beschriebenen Wegen erhält man ausgehend von Diacetonglucose (I) über die Schlüsselverbindung (IV) die enantiomeren Dithioacetale (VIII) bzw. (X).
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOSPECIFIC APPROACH TO ADVANCED PRECURSORS OF THE DICTYOL DITERPENES USING THE ALICYCLIC CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT
Authors: BEGLEY M. J. , CAMERON A. G. , KNIGHT D. W.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von dem Acetylen (I) erhält man über (VIa) die Verbindungen (VIb) und (VIc), die in die Lactone (VII) umgewandelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. IX. SYNTHESIS OF 1,5‐DIHYDRO‐1,6‐DIMETHYL‐4H‐PYRAZOLO(3,4‐D)PYRIMIDIN‐4‐ONES
Authors: NIELSEN S. V. , PEDERSEN E. B.
Published: May 2016

Die aus dem Pyrazol (I) unter schon beschriebenen Bedingungen (l0h Rück?.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PREVIOUSLY INACCESSIBLE QUINAZOLINES AND 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINES AS POTENTIAL ANTICONVULSANTS
Authors: FATMI A. A. , VAIDYA N. A. , ITURRIAN W. B. , BLANTON C. D. JUN.
Published: May 2016

Über die Addukte (III) und (IV) erhält man die Aniline (V), deren Cyclisierung zu den Chinazolinen (VI) bzw. Dihydrochinazolinen (VII) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of 5‐Amino‐1,2,4‐Triazoles with Cyclic β‐Keto Esters. A Novel Ring System.
Authors: REITER J. , PONGO L. , SOHAR P. , DVORTSAK P.
Published: May 2016

Die Aminotriazole (I) reagieren mit den cyclischen β‐Ketoestern (II) bzw. (V) zu den Kondensationsprodukten (III) und (IV) bzw. (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,9,11,12,14‐HEXAZAPENTACENE‐2,4,8,10(1H,3H,9H,11H)‐TETRAONES (DOUBLE‐HEADED 5‐DEAZAFLAVINS) WITH POTENTIAL FOR OXIDO‐REDUCTION
Authors: YONEDA F. , KURODA K. , KOGA M. , IBUKA T.
Published: May 2016

Die gemäß Formelschema synthetisierten Desazaflavine (IV) werden in hohen Ausbeuten zu den Verbindungen (V) dehydriert.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N6‐Alkoxy‐1,3‐dialkyladeninium Salts and an Attempt to Synthesize 1,3‐Dimethyladenine.
Authors: FUJII T. , SAITO T. , NAKASAKA T.
Published: May 2016

Die Alkylierung der N6‐Alkoxy‐adenine (I) führt zu den isomeren Salzen (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PYRAZINO(2,1,6‐CD:5,4,3‐C′D′)DIPYRROLIZINE: A DOUBLY BRIDGED (14)ANNULENE OF CYCLAZINE TYPE
Authors: LEAVER D. , SKINNER D.
Published: May 2016

Das Pyrrolizin (I) wird auf bekannte Weise in das Azacyclazin (II) umgewandelt, dessen Alkylierung mit dem Sulfonat (III) das Salz (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTED BENZIMIDAZO(2,1‐H)PTERIDINE‐2,4‐DIONES
Authors: GAKHAR H. K. , SACHDEV P. , GUPTA S. B.
Published: May 2016

Die bei der Kondensation von 5‐Brom‐barbitursäure (IIa) mit den Benzimidazolen (I) entstehenden 5‐Amino‐barbitursäuren werden thermisch zu den kondensierten Pteridindionen (III) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS. α‐ARYLOXY‐BENZYL DERIVATIVES OF ETHANOLAMINE AND MORPHOLINE
Authors: MELLONI P. , CARNIEL G. , DELLA TORRE A. , BONSIGNORI A. , BUONAMICI M. , POZZI O. , RICCIARDI S. , ROSSI A. C.
Published: May 2016

Aminoalkohole des Typs (II) werden aus den Estern (I) nach bekannten Verfahren (→ Säurechlorid → Aldehyde → Cyanhydrine → Aminoalkohole) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Reactive Intermediates. Part 3. Reaction of Diketene with 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazines.
Authors: DANESHTALAB M. , TEHRANI M. H. H.
Published: May 2016

Die Aminotriazine (Ia) und (Ib) reagieren mit Diketen (III) zu den Verbindungen (II) bzw. (IVa) und (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Desulfurization of Pyridazino[4,5‐e][1,3,4]thiadiazines.
Authors: KAJI K. , ODA H.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von den Pyridazin‐Derivaten (I), (IV) und (VI) werden die Pyridazino‐thiadiazine (II), (III), (V) und (VII) hergestellt, die unter Eliminierung des Ring‐Schwefelatoms in die Pyrazolo‐pyridazine (VIII) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ring Destruction Approach to Novel Fused Azecine and Azonine Derivatives from Bridgehead Amines.
Authors: BREMNER J. B. , WINZENBERG K. N.
Published: May 2016

Der Abbau der tertiären Amine (Ia) und (Ib) mit Bromcyan führt zu den kondensierten Azecinen und Azoninen (IIa) und (IIb) bzw. (III).
ChemInform Abstract: BICYCLIC LACTAM INHIBITORS OF ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME
Authors: WATTHEY J. W. H. , GAVIN T. , DESAI M.
Published: May 2016

Dargestellt werden die Lactame (VI), deren inhibierende Wirkun in vitro bestimmt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION REACTION OF THEBAINE AND β‐DIHYDROTHEBAINE WITH PHENYLSULFONYLPROPADIENE
Authors: FUJII I. , RYU K. , HAYAKAWA K. , KANEMATSU K.
Published: May 2016

Thebain (I) reagiert mit Phenylsulfonylallen (II) zu einem untrennbaren Gemisch der Addukte (IIIa) und (IIIb), die bei der Hydrolyse nur ein Keton (IV) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Macrocyclic Polyethers Containing Cyclobutane Ring by Intramolecular Photocycloaddition.
Authors: MIZUNO K. , KAGANO H. , HASHIZUME T. , OTSUJI Y.
Published: May 2016

Die intramolekulare Photocycloaddition der Bis‐enolether (I) und (IV) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 1‐(BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)AMINO)BORIRENES
Authors: HABBEN C. , MELLER A.
Published: May 2016

Durch Umsetzung der Verbindungen (I) mit Na in siedendem Toluol erhält man zunächst gelbe Oligokondensate (nicht eindeutig charakterisiert), deren Pyrolyse im Hochvak.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY ON THE FACILE PREPARATION OF S‐2‐(Ω‐AMINOALKYLAMINO)ETHYL DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHOROTHIOATES
Authors: KIM Y. S. , KIM S. W.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (VIII) bzw. (XIII) werden ausgehend von den Aminen (I) bzw. (IX) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: IN THE SEARCH FOR NEW ANTICANCER DRUGS. 9. SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SPIN‐LABELED ANALOGS OF N,N:N′,N′:N“,N”‐TRIS(1,2‐ETHANEDIYL)PHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE AND N,N:N′,N′:N“,N”‐TRIS(1,2‐ETHANEDIYL)PHOSPHOROTHIOIC TRIAMIDE
Authors: SOSNOVSKY G. , PAUL B. D.
Published: May 2016

Die ausgehend von den Radikalen (I) dargestellten Verbindungen (IV) und (V) werden zusammen mit ähnlichen Verbindungen, z.B. (V1), auf Wirkung gegen P388‐Leukä‐ mie der Maus untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORYLATION OF 2‐PHENACYL‐5‐PHENYLPYRIMIDINE
Authors: GOLOLOBOV YU. G. , PETROVSKII P. V. , OGANESYAN A. S. , ZAGULYAEVA O. A. , MAMAEV V. P.
Published: May 2016

Pyrimidine mit einer Ketogruppe werden durch Phosphorchloride in Gegenwart einer organischen Base leicht am Sauerstoffatom phosphoryliert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF A NEW COMPLEXON ‐ N,N′,N“‐TRIS(DIHYDROXYPHOSPHORYLMETHYL)‐1,4,7‐TRIAZACYCLONONANE
Authors: KABACHNIK M. I. , MEDVED' T. YA. , POLIKARPOV YU. M. , SHERBAKOV B. K. , BEL'SKII F. I. , MATROSOV E. I. , PASECHNIK M. P.
Published: May 2016

Die Verbindung (IV) ist ein guter Komplexbildner für Erdalkali‐, Mg‐ und Zn‐Ionen.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF PHOSPHORUS(III) ACID CHLORIDES WITH EXO‐METHYLENE DERIVATIVES OF 1,4‐DIOXANE AND BENZO‐1,4‐DIOXANE.
Authors: TSIVUNIN V. S. , ZARIPOVA V. G. , BIKULOVA V. Z. , SHAIKHUTDINOVA F. I. , LEBANOVA T. N.
Published: May 2016

Die Chloride von Säuren des dreiwertigen Phosphors (II) reagieren mit Z‐Methylen‐l ,4‐dioxan (I) in Gegenwart äquivalenter Mengen Ethanol zu Verbindungen wie (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF AMINOTRIAZINES WITH CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND DIALKYL PHOSPHITES
Authors: PROKOF'EVA A. F. , SAPOZHNIKOVA ZH. Z. , MEL'NIKOV N. N.
Published: May 2016

Das Triazinderivat (I) reagiert mit aromatischen Aldehyden (II) oder mit Di‐isobutylformal (IV) zu den Aminalen (III) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ORGANO‐1,3,2‐OXAZAPHOSPHOLIDINES
Authors: RICHTER W. J.
Published: May 2016

Reaktion von L‐Ephedrin (I) mit den Phosphorverbindungen (II) bzw. (IV) führt zu den Titelverbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF BIS(ORGANOHYDROXYCYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZENYL) OXIDES
Authors: FEDOROV S. G. , GOL'DIN G. S. , KOTOVA E. V. , KISIN A. V. , NOSOVA V. M.
Published: May 2016

Hexachlor‐cyclo‐triphosphazen (I) reagiert mit Alkoholen zu den Derivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: (2 + 2)‐CYCLOADDITION OF HEXAFLUOROACETONE TO P‐CHLOROPHOSPHONIUM ALKYLIDES.
Authors: KOLODYAZHNYI O. I.
Published: May 2016

Die Chlorphosphoniumalkylide (II) addieren Hexafluoraceton ( l) bei niedriger Temperatur unter Bildung der destillierbaren Oxaphosphetane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Directed Toward the Total Synthesis of (+)‐Griseoviridin.
Authors: SAITO S. , TERAO K. , YAMAKAWA T. , MATSUMOTO Y. , NISHIDA R. , INABA M. , MORIWAKE T.
Published: May 2016

Auf dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg wird aus der (S)‐Glutaminsäure (I) das optisch aktive Amid (VIII) hergestellt, das ein wichtiger Baustein bei der Synthese des Antibioticums Griseoviridin ist.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION BETWEEN DIMETHYLMAGNESIUM AND LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE IN DIETHYL ETHER AND TETRAHYDROFURAN
Authors: GOEL A. B. , ASHBY E. C.
Published: May 2016

Die Untersuchung der Titelreaktion mittels IR‐ und 1H‐NMR‐Analyse zeigt, daß die Reaktion von MezMg und LiAll‐L, in Et2O im molaren Bereich von 4: l bis l : l MgH2 als unlöslichen Festkörper liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: MERCURY IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 31. PREPARATION OF ALLENIC AND PROPARGYLIC ORGANOMERCURIC HALIDES
Authors: LAROCK R. C. , CHOW M.‐S.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Propargyl: halogeniden (I) entstehen die Chlormercuri‐Derivate (II), aus (III) werden die isomeren Allene (IV)‐ erhalten, aus dem Alkin‐halogenid (V) entsteht gleichfalls ein Allenyl‐Derivat (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF LANTHANOIDS. PART 21. PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYLLUTETIUM DERIVATIVES OF DIMETHYLPHOSPHONIOBIS(METHANIDE)
Authors: SCHUMANN H. , ALBRECHT I. , REIER F.‐W. , HAHN E.
Published: May 2016

Metallorganische Verbindungen der Lanthanoide.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND FLUORINE‐19‐PROTON (19F‐1H) NMR SPECTRA OF (4‐FLUOROPHENYL)ACETYLENE AND ITS ORGANOMETALLIC DERIVATIVES
Authors: PEREGUDOV A. S. , IVANOV V. F. , KRAVTSOV D. N. , FEDIN E. I.
Published: May 2016

Als Modellverbindungen zur Erforschung von Austauschreaktionen von Metall ‐ Proton und Metall‐Metall werden 4‐Fluorphenyl‐acetylen (Ia) und seine metallorganischen Verbindungen (Ib)‐(Ih) NMR‐spektroskopisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: F3CN:C:C:NCF3, A NEW BRIDGED LIGAND: FORMATION BY CARBON‐CARBON BONDING OF TWO CF3NC LIGANDS AND CLEAVAGE OF A MOMO BOND
Authors: LENTZ D. , BRUEDGAM I. + , HARTL H.
Published: May 2016

Die 1:1‐molare Umsetzung des Mo‐Dimeren (I) mit Trifluoracetonitril führt zu dem Komplex (II), in dem der nz‐gebundene Isocyanid‐Brückenligand als Vierelektronen‐Donator fungiert.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIVE NITROSYLATION OF TETRAOXOMETALLATES. PART X. GENERATION OF (RE(NO)2)7 MOIETY: SINGLE POT DOUBLE STEP SYNTHESIS OF THE HITHERTO UNKNOWN (RE(NO)2(NCS)3)‐ ANION AND ITS 2,2′‐BIPYRIDINE AND 1,10‐PHENANTHROLINE DERIVATIVES DIRECTLY FROM PERRHENATE IN AQUEOUS‐AEROBIC MEDIA
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA R. G. , ROY P. S.
Published: May 2016

Die reduktive Nitrosylierung von Perrhenat‐Ionen (I) unter Verwendung von NHZOH und NCS′ in alkalischem Medium und die anschließende Reaktion der gebildeten Spezies Re(NO) " mit N02′ unter sauren Bedingungen führt zur Bildung des 158 Re(NO)2 7‐Tej s, wie die Isolierung des fünffach‐koordinierten Komplexkations als Salze (II) bzw. die der mit Bipyridyl oder Phenanthrolin synthetisierten Neutralkomplexe (III) bestätigen.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF BIS(μ‐METHANETHIOLATO)‐μ4‐THIOXOTETRAKIS(TRICARBONYLIRON) IN THE REACTION BETWEEN DODECACARBONYLTRIIRON AND DIMETHYL DISULFIDE
Authors: GLIDEWELL C. , HYDE A. R.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindung (IV) wird als Nebenprodukt der aus dem Fe‐carbonyl (I) und dem Disulfid (II) entstehenden anti‐ und syn‐Isomeren von (III) isoliert und identifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROSOFERROCENE
Authors: HERBERHOLD M. , HAUMAIER L.
Published: May 2016

Das durch nucleophile Addition des Ferroceny ‐Restes aus Ferrocenyl‐Li an einen N0‐Liganden des Cr‐Komplexes (I) gebildete Primärprodukt unbekannter Struktur wird von tert.‐Butylisocyanid in den Nitrosoferrocen‐Komplex (II) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: BASIC CLUSTER REACTIONS: OPENING AND PARTIAL FRAGMENTATION OF TETRANUCLEAR CLUSTERS BY CARBON MONOXIDE
Authors: RICHTER F. , MUELLER M. + , GAERTNER N. + , VAHRENKAMP H.
Published: May 2016

Bei Einwirkung von CO auf Vierkerncluster der Typen (I), (VI), (IX) und (XI) tritt in allen Fällen unter geringem Überdruck Abbau zu Dreikernclustern ein.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAKIS(2‐AMINOTHIAZOLE)‐TRANS‐BIS(N‐THIOCYANATO)COBALT(II): SPECTROSCOPY, THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Authors: RAPER E. S. , CREIGHTON J. R. , OUGHTRED R. E. , NOWELL I. W.
Published: May 2016

Der Titelkomplex (I) wird durch l:4‐molare Umsetzung von Co(Il)‐thiocyanat‐hexahydrat mit 2‐Aminothiazol in siedendem abs.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW ROUTE FOR THE PREPARATION OF ACYLCOBALT TETRACARBONYLS FROM KETENES AND HYDRIDOTETRACARBONYLCOBALT
Authors: UNGVARY F.
Published: May 2016

Mit Hydridotetracarbonylcobalt (II) reagierenldie Ketene (I) zu den Cobaltverbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR THE FORMATION OF ONE‐DIMENSIONAL NICKEL(II)‐NICKEL(IV) MIXED‐VALENCE COMPLEXES BY THE X‐RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTRA
Authors: YAMASHITA M. , ITO T.
Published: May 2016

Aufgrund von Röntgenstrahlenphotoelektronenspektren werden den Oxidationsprodukten entsprechender Ni(Il)‐Komplexe die linearen Kettenstrukturen (I) und (H) zuerkannt, in denen Ni(II)‐ und Ni(IV)‐Ionen über Halogenidbrücken verknüpft sind.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN IMINE‐OXIME COPPER(III) COMPLEX
Authors: SULFAB Y. , AL‐SHATTI N. I.
Published: May 2016

Die Oxidation des CuUU‐Komplexes (I) in wäßrig ′saurer Lösung mit PbO2, S208" oder I0; führt zu dem relativ stabilen, isolierbaren, diamagnetischen Cu(III)‐Komplex (II) mit low‐spin‐ds‐Elektronenkonfiguration, der durch Elektronen‐ und EPR‐spektroskopische sowie cyclisch voltammetrische Untersuchungen charakterisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDRIDOPLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES CONTAINING PHOSPHITES OR PHOSPHONITES AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH METHYL ACRYLATE
Authors: MEYER W. R. , VENANZI L. M.
Published: May 2016

HydridoplatinüD‐Komplexe mit Phosphiten oder Phosphoniten und ihre Reaktionen mit Methylacrylat.
ChemInform Abstract: THE (5R*,9S*)‐ AND (5R*,9R*)‐2,2,9‐TRIMETHYL‐1,6‐DIOXASPIRO(4.4)NON‐3‐ENE AND THEIR DIHYDRO DERIVATIVES AS NEW CONSTITUENTS OF GERANIUM OIL
Authors: KAISER R.
Published: May 2016

Bei der erneuten Untersuchung des Titelöles werden neben mehr als 270 Bestandteilen die neuen geruchsaktiven bicyclischen Acetale (I) und (II) isoliert, deren Struktur anhand von IR‐, MS‐ und ′‐H‐NMR‐Daten und durch Synthese ausgehend von (III) bzw. (VI) geklärt wird (Diskussion der Biogenese).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (S)‐PLECTANIAXANTHIN
Authors: DUMONT R. , PFANDER H.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von dem zugänglichen Aldehyd (I) wird das Wittig‐Salz (VIII) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SAPONINS FROM PHYTOLACCA DODECANDRA L′HERIT
Authors: DOMON B. , HOSTETTMANN K.
Published: May 2016

Die Strukturen der aus der Titelpflanze isolierten drei Saponine (Ia), (Ic) und (Ie) werden anhand der MS (CI, fast atom bombardement FAB)‐, 1H‐ und 13C‐Daten sowie durch Hydrolyse geklärt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF 19‐AZA‐ AND 19‐AMINOANDROSTENEDIONE ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL AROMATASE INHIBITORS
Authors: LOVETT J. A. , DARBY M. V. , COUNSELL R. E.
Published: May 2016

Durch Oxidation des Hydroxy‐androstendions (I) erhält man die Carbonsäure (II), die über (III) und (IV) zu den Verbindungen (V) bzw. (VI) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (15N)‐, (1‐13C)‐, (3‐13C)‐, (RING‐1,2‐13C2)‐, AND (RING‐3,4,5‐13C3)‐LABELED DL‐TYROSINE
Authors: BALDWIN J. E. , BANSAL H. S. , CHONDROGIANNI J. , GALLAGHER P. T. , TAHA A. A. , TAYLOR A. , THALLER V.
Published: May 2016

Die für biochemische Experimente als Substrate erforderlichen, markierten Tyrosine (I) werden ‐ wie im Formelschema skizziert ‐ synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐TRICHLOROACETOXYPHTHALIMIDE AS A NEW REAGENT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF N‐HYDROXYPHTHALIMIDE ESTERS OF N‐SUBSTITUTED AMINO ACIDS
Authors: IL'INA A. V. , DAVIDOVICH YU. A. , ROGOZHIN S. V.
Published: May 2016

N‐Hydroxyphthalimid (I) wird mit einem Uberschuß an Trichloracetylchlorid (II) (mindestens 3 Mol) in einem aprotischen Lösungsmittel zum Trichloracetoxy‐phthalimid (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF HYDROPHOBIC TRIPEPTIDES
Authors: KHABAROVA E. I. , ZVONKOVA E. N. , EVSTIGNEEVA R. P. , CHUPIN V. V. , KULISH M. A.
Published: May 2016

Die Dipeptidester (IV) und (VII) werden nach dem Dicyclohexylcarbodiimidverfahren hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Diorganocuprate Reactions with L‐Serine Derivatives.
Authors: BAJGROWICZ J. A. , EL HALLAOUI A. , JACQUIER R. , PIGIERE CH. , VIALLEFONT P.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Serin‐Derivaten (I) entstehen mit Organolithiumcupraten (II) unter Erhalt der optischen Aktivität die Substitutionsprodukte (III) bzw. die Dehydroverbindungen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF C‐GLYCOSIDATION THROUGH A WITTIG‐MERCURIOCYCLIZATION PROCEDURE
Authors: NICOTRA F. , PEREGO R. , RONCHETTI F. , RUSSO G. , TOMA L.
Published: May 2016

Die Stereochemie der C‐Glykosidierung durch Wittig‐Reaktion der Aldehydgruppe von Kohlenhydraten wie (I) bzw.(VII) zu Produkten wie (III) bzw. (V) [analoge Bildung aus der entsprechenden Mannose] bzw. (VIII) und nachfolgende Mercuriocyclisierung zu den Kohlenhydrat‐Derivaten (IV) (ausschließlich), (VIa) + (VIb), (IXa) + (IXb) bzw. ( IXc) + (IXd) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Methyl 3,4,7,8‐Tetradeoxy‐α‐and β‐DL‐erythro‐oct‐3‐enopyranosid‐6‐ulose Dimethyl Ketals.
Authors: CHMIELEWSKI M. , ACHMATOWICZ O. JUN. , ZAMOJSKI A.
Published: May 2016

Das durch Verseifung/Decarboxylierung des (bekannten) Esters (Ia) erhältliche Keton (Ib) wird über die Bromhydrine (II), (III) in die Epoxide (IV) bzw. (V) übergeführt, die mit Dimethylamin (VI) die Produkte (VIII) [durch basische Isomerisierung der prim. gebildeten α‐arabino‐ Spezies (VII)] bzw. (IX) + (X) liefern.
ChemInform Abstract: INHIBITION OF ARABINOSE 5‐PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE. AN APPROACH TO THE INHIBITION OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE BIOSYNTHESIS
Authors: BIGHAM E. C. , GRAGG C. E. , HALL W. R. , KELSEY J. E. , MALLORY W. R. , RICHARDSON D. C. , BENEDICT C. , RAY P. H.
Published: May 2016

Phosphate wie (II), (V) und (VII), Lactone (IX) und Arabinofuranosederivate (X) werden, wie im Formelschema skizziert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE N‐9, C‐1 DIANION OF TETRAHYDRO‐β‐CARBOLINES. REGIOSELECTIVE ALKYLATION LEADING TO INDOLE ALKALOID SYSTEMS
Authors: MEYERS A. I. , LOEWE M. F.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Formamidin (Ib) erhält man bei Behandlung mit KH und Organo‐Lithiumverbindungen das Salz (II), das zu (IV) alkyliert und mit Hydrazin gespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Optically Active Ethyl Amicetosides by Asymmetric Synthesis.
Authors: KONOWAL A. , ZAMOJSKI A.
Published: May 2016

Hydroborierung des Pyrans (IV) mit Diisopinocampheylboran, das in situ aus α‐Pinen (I) gebildet wird, und nachfolgende Oxidation führen zu optisch aktivem α‐(II) und β‐(Amicetosid) (III).
ChemInform Abstract: METABOLIC PRODUCTS OF MICROORGANISMS. 227. ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF RUTAMYCIN B
Authors: WUTHIER D. , KELLER‐SCHIERLEIN W. , WAHL B.
Published: May 2016

Bei der chromatographischen Reinigung des aus Stretomyces aureofaciens isolierten Venturicidins A wurde die Titelverbindung (Ib) gefunden, die ihren Namen in Anlehnung an das bekannte Rutamycin (Ia) erhielt.
ChemInform Abstract: LIMITATIONS AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE LACTAM REDUCTION APPROACH TO THE SYNTHESIS OF ANTHRAMYCIN ANALOGS
Authors: THURSTON D. E. , KAUMAYA P. T. P. , HURLEY L. H.
Published: May 2016

Die Reduktion der Pyrrolo‐benzodiazepindione (I) zu den Aminoalkoholen (II) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (Z)‐HEXADEC‐13‐EN‐11‐YN‐1‐OL ACETATE, PHEROMONE OF PRECESSIONARY MOTH OF PINE TREE
Authors: KANG J. , KIM Y. H. , LEE C. S. , PYUN C.
Published: May 2016

Die Synthese des Titel‐Pheromons (VI) kann ausgehend vom Alkohol (le) ‐ zugänglich aus der Säure (Ia) sukzessiv über die Stufen (Ib), (Ic), (Id) ‐ a) über das Acetat (IV) oder b) über das lodacetat (VII) durchgeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF (Z,Z)‐3,13‐OCTADECADIEN‐1‐YL ACETATE, THE SEX PHEROMONE OF SYNANTHEDON SPECIES
Authors: VINCZER P. , BAAN G. , NOVAK L. , SZANTAY C.
Published: May 2016

Die Synthese des (Z,Z)‐3,13‐Octadecadien‐1‐yl‐acetates (VIII), das das Sex‐Pheromon der in Obstgärten auftretenden Schädlingsgattung Synanthedon ist, erfolgt in der angegebenen Weise.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐SUBSTITUTED THIAZOLIDINE‐4(R)‐CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AS PRODRUGS OF L‐CYSTEINE. PROTECTION OF MICE AGAINST ACETAMINOPHEN HEPATOTOXICITY
Authors: NAGASAWA H. T. , GOON D. J. W. , MULDOON W. P. , ZERA R. T.
Published: May 2016

Die Carbonsäuren (I) und (II) werden auf ihre Schutzwirkung gegen tödliche hepatotoxische Dosen (LD ) von Acetaminophen an Mäusen getestet.
Astrocytic glutamate transport regulates a Drosophila CNS synapse that lacks astrocyte ensheathment
Authors: MacNamee Sarah E. , Liu Kendra E. , Gerhard Stephan , Tran Cathy T. , Fetter Richard D. , Cardona Albert , Tolbert Leslie P. , Oland Lynne A.
Published: May 2016

Anatomical, molecular, and physiological interactions between astrocytes and neuronal synapses regulate information processing in the brain. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a valuable experimental system for genetic manipulation of the nervous system and has enormous potential for elucidating mechanisms that mediate neuron–glia interactions. Here, we show the first electrophysiological recordings from Drosophila astrocytes and characterize their spatial and physiological relationship with particular synapses. Astrocyte intrinsic properties were found to be strongly analogous to those of vertebrate astrocytes, including a passive current‐voltage relationship, low membrane resistance, high capacitance, and dye‐coupling to local astrocytes. Responses to optogenetic stimulation of glutamatergic premotor neurons were correlated directly with anatomy using serial electron microscopy reconstructions of homologous identified neurons and surrounding astrocytic processes. Robust bidirectional communication was present: neuronal activation triggered astrocytic glutamate transport via excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (Eaat1), and blocking Eaat1 extended glutamatergic interneuron‐evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents in motor neurons. The neuronal synapses were always located within 1 μm of an astrocytic process, but none were ensheathed by those processes. Thus, fly astrocytes can modulate fast synaptic transmission via neurotransmitter transport within these anatomical parameters. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1979–1998, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application and comparison of high‐speed countercurrent chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography in semi‐preparative separation of decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA), a bioactive secoiridoid from extra‐virgin olive oil
Authors: Jiménez‐Sánchez Cecilia , Lozano‐Sánchez Jesús , Brüggemann Margret , Neves‐Vieira Mariana , Rodriguez‐Werner Miriam , Schmalfuß Eva , Winterhalter Peter , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto
Published: May 2016

This paper primarily extends research on applying and comparing high‐speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in semi‐preparative isolation of decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA), a bioactive secoiridoid, from extra‐virgin olive oil (EVOO). An EVOO phenolic extract (EVOO‐PE) was obtained by solid‐phase extraction (SPE), and this extract was subjected to one run using the maximum loading capacity of each methodology without loss of resolution. For this sample set, the HSCCC method proved to be a more efficient approach regarding loading capacity, solvent consumption, and throughput compared with the HPLC method. However, the purity of the target from HPLC was superior to that of HSCCC, as the number of theoretical plates could not match that of HPLC. Therefore, we propose that HPLC should be used when higher purities are required, despite higher costs. In addition, HPLC is orthogonal and complementary to HSCCC, and can often provide straightforward resolution of otherwise difficult separations by HSCCC.

Practical applications: Our results indicate that the optimized HSCCC is an economic process, and hence, a good candidate for further scaling‐up to preparative and industrial scales, as long as the chromatographic profile of the sample itself is simple enough to achieve good resolution, or a very high purity of the compound of interest is not required. For those cases, HPLC would provide superior target purity but would result in higher costs.

This paper compares high‐speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in semi‐preparative isolation of decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (3,4‐DHPEA‐EDA), a bioactive secoiridoid, from extra‐virgin olive oil (EVOO). An EVOO phenolic extract (EVOO‐PE) was obtained by solid‐phase extraction (SPE), and this extract was subjected to one run using the maximum loading capacity of each methodology without loss of resolution. For this sample set, the HSCCC method proved to be a more efficient approach regarding loading capacity, solvent consumption, and throughput compared with the HPLC method. However, the purity of the target from HPLC was superior to that of HSCCC, as the number of theoretical plates could not match that of HPLC.
A comparative approach using ecotoxicological methods from single-species bioassays to model ecosystems
Authors: Haegerbaeumer Arne , Höss Sebastian , Ristau Kai , Claus Evelyn , Möhlenkamp Christel , Heininger Peter , Traunspurger Walter
Published: May 2016

Soft sediments are often hotspots of chemical contamination, and a thorough ecotoxicological assessment of this habitat can help to identify the causes of stress and to improve the health of the respective ecosystems. As an important component of the ecologically relevant meiobenthic fauna, nematodes can be used for sediment assessments, with various assay tools ranging from single-species toxicity tests to field studies. In the present study, microcosms containing sediment were used to investigate direct and indirect effects of zinc on natural nematode assemblages, and acute community toxicity tests considering only direct toxicity were conducted. The responses of the various freshwater nematode species in both approaches were compared with those of Caenorhabditis elegans, determined in standardized tests (ISO 10872). At a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 20 mg Zn/L, C. elegans represented the median susceptibility of 15 examined nematode species examined in the acute community toxicity tests. In the microcosms, Zn affected the nematodes dose-dependently, with changes in species composition first detected at 13 mg Zn/kg to 19 mg Zn/kg sediment dry weight. The observed species sensitivities in the microcosms corresponded better to field observations than to the results of the acute community toxicity tests. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2987–2997. © 2016 SETAC
Blood flow imaging in zebrafish by laser doppler digital holography
Authors: Donnarumma Dario , Brodoline Alexey , Alexandre Daniel , Gross Michel
Published: May 2016

Microvessel blood flow imaging techniques are widely used in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics where many diseases have a vascular etiology or involvement. For testing purposes, zebrafish embryo provides an ideal animal model to achieve high‐resolution imaging of superficial and deeply localized vessels. Moreover, the study of the formation of a closed circulatory system in vertebrates is a topic of recent interest in biophysics. However, most of the existing techniques are invasive due to the use of a contrast agent for imaging purposes. Recent developments in Digital Holography and Laser Doppler Holography techniques can be considered to alleviate this issue. Laser Doppler holography and transmission microscopy can be coupled to analyze blood flow in fish embryos by adapting a laser Doppler holographic setup to a standard bio‐microscope: the two beams of the holographic interferometer (illumination of the object and reference), whose frequency offset is controlled, were addressed to the microscope by optical fibers. Multimodal acquisition and analysis of the data is made by acting on the frequency offset of the two beams, and on the location of the Fourier space filtered zone. In this work, we show that it is possible to select the signal of moving scatterers, and to image Red Blood Cells (RBCs) and blood vessels. Individual RBCs are imaged, and movies showing the RBC motion are obtained. Microsc. Res. Tech. 81:153–161, 2018. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seasonal influenza A/H3N2 virus infection and IL‐1Β, IL‐10, IL‐17, and IL‐28 polymorphisms in Iranian population
Authors: Rogo Lawal Dahiru , Rezaei Farhad , Marashi Seyed Mahdi , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Naseri Maryam , Ghavami Nastaran , Mokhtari‐Azad Talat
Published: May 2016

Increased blood cytokines is the main immunopathological process that were attributed to severe clinical outcomes in cases of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection. The study was aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of IL‐1β, IL‐10, IL‐17, and IL‐28 genes to find the possibility of their association with the clinical outcome of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection among the infected patients in Iran. This is a Case‐Control study in which influenza A/H3N2 virus positive confirmed with real‐time PCR were the cases. DNA samples from groups were genotyped for polymorphisms in rs16944 (IL‐1β), rs1800872 (IL‐10), rs2275913 (IL‐17), and rs8099917 (IL‐28). Confidence interval (95%CI) and Odds ratio (OR) were calculated. IL‐17 rs2275913 (GG and AG) were associated with risk of infection with that were statistically significant (P < 0.05, OR = 2.08–2.94). IL‐1β (rs16944) (GG) was associated with reduced risk of infection (P < 0.01, OR = 0.46). Genotype GG and GT of IL‐10 (rs1800872) were associated with increased risk of infection with influenza A/H3N2 virus (P < 0.05, OR = 2.04–2.58). In addition, IL‐28 (rs8099917) genotypes GG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.49) and TG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.59) were associated with reduced risk of ILI symptom while genotype TT (P < 0.01, OR = 4.31) was associated with increased risk of ILI symptom. The results of this study demonstrated that polymorphisms of genes involved in the inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory process affect the outcome of disease caused by influenza A/H3N2 virus. Thorough insight on host immune response at the time of influenza A virus infection is required to ensure adequate patient care in the case of feature outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 88:2078–2084, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Specialist and generalist amphibians respond to wetland restoration treatments
Authors: Klaus Joyce Marie , Noss Reed F.
Published: May 2016

Available habitat within a landscape is often more limited for specialist species than for generalists. Therefore, specialists are potentially more vulnerable to extinction. The goal of our study was to better understand the ephemeral wetland habitat associations of specialist and generalist amphibians within a longleaf pine landscape in the southeastern United States. We also sought to determine specialist (e.g., oak toad [Anaxyrus quercicus], Maybee's salamander [Ambystoma maybeei], pine woods treefrog [Hyla femoralis], carpenter frog [Lithobates virgatipes]) and generalist (e.g., spotted salamander [Ambystoma maculatum], Cope's gray treefrog [Hyla chrysoscelis], southern leopard frog [Lithobates sphenocephalus]) species’ responses to specific habitat restoration treatments. From 2005–2010, we examined the relationship between aquatic specialist and generalist amphibian species occupancy and wetland vegetation structure. We measured vegetation and amphibian responses to prescribed fire and vegetation mulching (a fire surrogate), plus a combination of mulching and burning. Untreated controls were wetlands that had not burned for 4–15 years. We combined data from this study and a previous study to elucidate patterns in amphibian assemblages in relation to fire history. Specialist relative species richness was highest when canopy openness was high and leaf litter depth was low, conditions best achieved by mulching plus burning. Some specialist species were not detected in wetlands with >8 years since fire, and some generalist species were not detected in wetlands with <2 years since fire, indicating that as vegetation structure changes with time since fire, there is a corresponding shift in the amphibian assemblage. Important patterns in species distributions can be overlooked if relationships to environment and responses to habitat change are too generalized and do not account for shifts in community composition. For conservation of longleaf pine specialist species, we recommend that uplands continue to be prescribed‐burned on a 1–3‐year return interval. Burning should occur during the early growing season when possible to maximize the probability that wetland basins burn. In cases where species of high conservation value are at imminent risk of extinction, we recommend a combination of mulching and burning to most quickly restore suitable habitat structure. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Habitat selection by female moose in the Canadian prairie ecozone
Authors: Laforge Michel P. , Michel Nicole L. , Wheeler Amy L. , Brook Ryan K.
Published: May 2016

The combined effects of global climate change and shifting patterns in land use have resulted in range shifts for many wildlife species, as favorable conditions have been created for species entering novel environments. Moose (Alces alces) are a forest specialist species but have recently expanded southward from their traditional range in the boreal and aspen parkland forests into the agriculture‐dominated landscape of the Prairie Pothole Region in western Canada. We quantified habitat selection patterns for moose in an agriculture‐dominated landscape in south‐central Saskatchewan, Canada. We fitted 15 adult female moose with global positioning system collars and generated resource selection functions for summer (Jul–Sep) and winter (Dec–Feb). Our goal was to describe seasonal habitat selection patterns for moose using farmland. We buffered used and available locations by 100 m and quantified land cover types within buffers. To account for nonlinear habitat selection, we generated models with quadratic (squared) land cover terms. We found strong selection by moose for wetland and forest land cover types, a nonlinear selection of cereals with highest selection occurring at an intermediate percentage of cereals, and an avoidance of pulses (peas, beans, and lentils) in both seasons. Oilseeds were weakly selected in summer and weakly avoided in winter. Developed areas were avoided in both seasons. Our results suggest that moose select woody and tree‐ringed wetlands for foraging and lay down in the wetlands or use the associated shade as thermoregulatory cover. The selection of these wetlands suggests a possible explanation for the successful expansion of moose into the Prairie Pothole Region. Consumption of crops by native ungulates is a cause for concern for local agricultural producers, with damage by moose increasing in south‐central Saskatchewan. Our results have important management implications for managing human–wildlife conflict with wild ungulates in a novel ecosystem, with fenced exclosures around wetlands offering a potential solution to areas faced with extensive moose crop damage. The strong selection of wetland and forest land cover types emphasizes the importance of conservation efforts for the remaining wetlands and riparian buffers in the agriculture‐dominated Prairie Pothole Region. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Macroscopic and microscopic behaviors of granular materials under proportional strain path: a DEM study
Authors: Zhou W. , Liu J. , Ma G. , Yuan W. , Chang X.
Published: May 2016

Under the proportional strain loading path, particle assemblies may exhibit various failure modes. Besides the strain localization, the diffuse failure may also occur under certain conditions. The diffuse failure mode corresponds to a homogeneous occurrence of failure with stress states strictly included within the plastic limit condition. This paper emphasizes the influences of the density degree and the rolling resistance under the strain path. A contact model considering rolling friction is adopted in a discrete element method analysis as an approximate means to account for the effects of particle shape. Mechanical responses indicate that loose assemblies without the rolling resistance are more vulnerable to static liquefaction. A sample with a smaller initial void ratio or larger rolling friction coefficient will reinforce the stability of the structure and reduce the likelihood of failure. For microscopic properties, the evolution of coordination numbers, contact forces, force chains and the anisotropies of the assemblies are explored and discussed. Rotational resistance helps increase the shear stress of the granular material, and the microscopic parameters indicate that the assembly has a strong anisotropy and a stable structure to resist the increasing loading.