bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Student Life on the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Spread at University
Authors: Sial Moska , Purohit Manavi , Bone Matan
Published: December 2020

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a pandemic in need of controlling. The disease has taken its toll on universities; as a consequence, universities must prepare their campuses in such a way that will reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 and ensure the safety of their students. This is why it is necessary to critically assess the risks involved in reopening university campuses. This letter to the editor highlights the importance of the social side of student life on campus and how it might affect the precautions put in place to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Furthermore, this letter is proposing potential courses of action for universities to take during the pandemic for the forthcoming academic year. The ability of universities to contain the spread of the virus is limited, as they lack control over social interactions outside of campus. We discuss the multifaceted approach needed to educate students about off-campus transmission to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
VALERIUS MAXIMUS ON HIS OWN ACTIVITY (4.1.12)
Authors: Wardle D.
Published: December 2020

As he draws toward the conclusion of a lengthy string of Romanexemplaon the topic ofmoderatio, a virtue highly regarded by the reigning Emperor Tiberius, Valerius introduces a brief discussion on the challenges he faces in producing the kind of account he wants to create. Unfortunately, for a rare passage in which Valerius speaks about his own work, the text is uncertain: various problems have been identified and different solutions have been proposed, but not, I will argue, ones that satisfactorily recognize the prominence of Valerius’ authorial role here or understand his meaning or pay appropriate attention to the immediate context in which he makes his remarks. I propose a new emendation which helps clarify that the primary challenge concerns the scale and the style of coverage of individualexemplarequired by theFacta et dicta memorabilia. I will show that Valerius deliberately alludes to his own programmatic remarks in the work's preface, which then illuminate his purpose and practice, both broadly in relation to his mission to record and praise outstanding individuals and more narrowly in providing a transition to a specificexemplum.
The Herky-Jerky Weirdness of Earth’s Magnetic Field
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: December 2020

Dented, erratic, and wandering, our field is constantly changing its mind.
Vertical Displacement Caused by Hydrological Influence in the Amazon Basin
Authors: Ferreira Lavoisiane , Marotta Giuliano S. , Madden Elizabeth H. , Horbe Adriana M. C. , Santos Roberto V. , Costa José M. N.
Published: December 2020

Hydrologic loading studies are related to variables such as soil moisture, precipitation, and groundwater. These parameters are associated with water mass movements, which may affect the positioning of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations and the gravitational field in a seasonal mode. This study addresses the relationship between displacement and deformation variations observed in the Amazon Basin and local geological and climatic features. It also aims to understand mechanisms that may influence the water distribution and mass movement during the hydrological cycle. We have correlated the vertical displacement with soil moisture at different depths in the Amazon Basin. Our approach takes into consideration topography, soil type, water storage, hydrologic deformation model used, sediment thickness, and geology. We show that amplitude variation of soil moisture and water storage parameters depends on the region's geological nature, that is, whether it is dominated by sedimentary or igneous/metamorphic rocks. In areas dominated by sedimentary rocks, soil moisture increases with depth, while in regions dominated by igneous and metamorphic rocks, soil moisture decreases with depth. We conclude that geology and topography influence the vertical displacement associated with the hydrologic loading. We further show an East‐West gradient in the Amazon Basin, in which the largest amplitudes of vertical displacement occur in the sedimentary basins to the East. A few stations in the sedimentary basins have less vertical displacement than expected. We argue that these areas may be associated with thinner and more compact sedimentary rock, or even with intrusive igneous rocks.
Sex differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Zhao Guolian , Xu Yazhou , Li Jing , Cui Xiaoli , Tan Xiaowen , Zhang Hongyue , Dang Liyun
Published: December 2020

Millions of people infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been diagnosed with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). The prevalence and severity of COVID-19 differ between sexes. To explain these differences, we analyzed clinical features and laboratory values in male and female COVID-19 patients. The present study included a cohort of 111 people, i.e. 36 COVID-19 patients, 54 sex- and age-matched common viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients, and 21 healthy controls. Monocyte counts, lymphocyte subset counts, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the peripheral blood were analyzed. Higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, monocyte counts, and CRP and ALT levels were found in male COVID-19 patients. Decreased lymphocyte subset counts and proportions were observed in COVID-19 patients, except for the CD3+ and CD8+ T cell proportions. The lower CD4+ T cell proportions and higher CD8+ T cell proportions were observed in male and severe COVID-19 patients and the differences were independent of estrogen level. The CD4+ T cell proportion was negatively associated with the CD8+ T cell proportion in male COVID-19 patients; this correlation was non-significant in females. Our work demonstrates differences between sexes in circulating monocyte counts and CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell proportions in COVID-19 patients, independent of estrogen levels, are associated with the clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients with high specificity.
Boiler drum automatic power management system
Authors: Efremova Tatiana , Shchegolev Sergey
Published: December 2020

Dynamic properties of boiler sections as control objects are studied. The requirements for mathematical models and the main adjustable parameters in drum boilers are determined, on the basis of which the requirements for the designed model are made. The construction of a block diagram and calculation of transfer functions of the automatic control system of the control object. The main types of disturbances are determined: feed water and steam consumption, consumer load, fuel consumption, and feed water temperature. Each perturbation is represented as a control action. Models of the object using perturbation channels are obtained. The article considers the construction of an effective model of the system of automatic control of the drum boiler power supply based on the system’s working out of disturbing influences. The paper uses the Matlab application software and the Simulink graphical programming environment.
Development of elements of an information and resource digital platform for intelligent management of agricultural and land use systems in terms of transferring advanced knowledge and experience in organizing highly productive agricultural enterprises of a new technological paradigm
Authors: Ganieva I.A. , Koteev S.V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to theoretical and practical issues of creating a new industry information resource “Open agricultural University” - a digital platform for additional professional education to increase labor productivity in agriculture. The relevance of creating such a platform is justified, and a brief description of the current directions of technological development of the project is given, including the integration of end - to-end digital technologies-artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, for the development and provision of new services through the educational resource.
Morpho-physiological and productive indicators of oat under the influence of nanopowders of cobalt and copper trace elements
Authors: Nazarova A.A.
Published: December 2020

Metal nanoparticles are used in agriculture as trace elements for agricultural plants, as growth stimulants, and pesticides. Nanodisperse metals are known to have biological, antioxidant, and enzymatic activity. The article presents the results of research on oat of the “Skakun” variety, conducted in 2014-2017 in the conditions of the Agricultural technology station of RSATU (Ryazan region). The experiment was carried out on gray forest heavy loam soil, in 3 times repetition. Its predecessor is winter wheat. In the experiment, cobalt nanopowder (NP Co) and copper nanopowder (NP Cu) were used with a purity of 99, 98%, the size of metal particles was 20-40 nm. The effect of nanopowders of cobalt and copper metals and their combinations on the productive, physiological and biochemical parameters of oat plants in production conditions is shown. The best result was observed when using the preparation with a mixture of cobalt and copper nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.5 g per average seed rate per hectare - field germination increased by 5.0%, grain yield increased by 15.3%, grain protein content - by 2.0%, fat content - by 0.5% relative to the control.
The influence of chlorella suspension on the quality of milk and its processing products
Authors: Akhmedkhanova Raisat , Dzhambulatov Zaidin , Gadzhaeva Zemfira , Shabanov Gadji , Alieva Samira
Published: December 2020

This job is devoted to the production of dairy products enriched with iodine, which accumulates naturally when chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) suspension is introduced into the diet of lactating cows. It was found that as a result of the introduction into the diet of lactating Holstein cows during the winter stall period at the rate of 1 and 1.5 liters of chlorella suspension per head per day, the content of protein, fat and iodine in milk, as well as in macro and microelements, and almost all amino acids they are superior compare to milk samples from the experimental groups. Milk and dairy products made from cows’ milk that have been fed with chlorella suspension have increased nutritional value, improved properties and a well-balanced chemical composition.
The role of insects in the spreading of pathogens and development of diseases on sunflower in the Krasnodar region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Iwebor Maria , Frolov Sergey , Frolova Irina , Shabaldas Olga , Chernikova Maria
Published: December 2020

The insects play a major role in the spreading of pathogens and the development of diseases on sunflower in the Krasnodar region of the Russian Federation. We established connections between the most common insects and phytopathogenic microorganisms. The main components of an integrated plant protection system are considered. When deciding on the usage of insecticides it is necessary to take into account not only direct, but also indirect insect damage (the development of plant diseases after damage, and as a result, a yield decrease, contamination of food and feed with dangerous mycotoxins).
Dynamics of some indicators of blood serum in case of digestive disordersin calves in the early postnatal period
Authors: Mannova M.S. , Kletikova L.V. , Yakimenko N.N. , Voronova K.A.
Published: December 2020

Digestive disorders in calves are an urgent problem in animal husbandry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of enterosorbent and its effect on blood parameters in calves with digestive disorders. The study revealed the dynamics of total protein, albumin, globulins, protein coefficient, glucose, transaminases, creatine kinase in the blood serum of calves with digestive disorders in the early postnatal period against the background of the use of methylsilicic acid hydrogel as an intestinal sorbent. The use of enterosorbent at a dose of 0.5 g/kg for 7 days had a positive effect on protein metabolism: the concentration of albumin increased by 10.40%, the content of globulins decreased by 11.20%. The activity of AST serum against the background of the use of enterosorbent was lower by 14.40% than in the control group, which indicates the detoxification properties of the drug used.
Renewables in pasturable livestock production
Authors: Gerasimova Olga , Novikov Mikhail , Smelik Victor , Bykova Olga , Loretts Olga
Published: December 2020

The purpose of researches formation of perspective technology of maintenance of KRS in the conditions of a pasture in the absence of stationary power supply. The method - the main orientation is transfer of all technology for power security to nonconventional and renewable sources. It is planned to use at the same time energy of the sun, wind, a bioenergy and energy of the small rivers, that is sources which pastures are generally characteristic. Results the complex of nonconventional means of power supply of technological processes in pasturable livestock production which unconditional positive property is its renewability and environmental friendliness is defined in particular our country has the most high wind power potential in the world. The conclusion the scheme of the master plan of a pasturable complex, is developed for farms of the Pskov region with objects of the power sources planned to use in its perspective option.
Influence of a complex preparation based on phytoextracts on productivity indicators and development of the immune organs of broiler-type chicken
Authors: Shatskikh Elena , Nufer Alena , Galiev Danis , Rogozinnikova Irina
Published: December 2020

This research is devoted to studying the safety of livestock, live weight, mass of internal organs and morphohistological changes in the immune organs of broiler-type chicken when substituting antibiotic feed supplements in the diet and in combination with antibiotic growth stimulants, a feed additive including essential oils, protected organic acids (fumaric acid, sorbic acid, DL-malic acid, citric acid), and hot pepper extract. The experimental procedure was conducted at the production conditions of “Ptitsefabrika “Sredneuralskaya” OOO in broiler-type chicken “Ross 308” under the guidelines of the Federal Research Center “VNITIP” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2013). Having conducted research, the positive effect of a complex preparation based on phytoextracts on the liveability of broiler-type chicken, their live weight, and on the development of the immune organs was determined.
Prospects for the development and use of a clay-nitrogen mixture as a fertilizer
Authors: Ruchkina Anastasiya , Ushakov Roman , Golovina Natalya , Aseev Victor , Bobrakov Fedor
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this work is to obtain and evaluate the fertilizing ability of the clay-nitrogen mixture. The relevance of the research lies in studying issues related to the minimization of nitrogen losses when producing the clay-nitrogen fertilizer, the transformation of nitrogen from fertilizer into the soil, and the effectiveness of fertilization when growing barley. The data on the content of nitrate nitrogen (250,986 mg/kg) and the total one (5.0%) indicate the effective binding of nitric acid by clay. The fertilizer can be considered potassium-containing, since the content of mobile and total potassium is respectively 1,250 mg/kg and 0.20%. Mobile phosphorus in the fertilizer is low compared to potassium (76 mg/kg), although the total pool is twice as large (0.45%). The content of the gross form of copper (8.9 mg/kg) and zinc (9.5 mg/kg) corresponded to the MPC.
Effect of the total fraction of Bacillus subtilis GM5 lipopeptides on the growth parameters and formation of the bacterial microbiota of broiler chickens
Authors: Lutfullina Guzel , Pudova Daria , Gogoleva Natalia , Shagimardanova Elena , Mardanova Ayslu
Published: December 2020

Intestinal microbes play a key role in the energy metabolism of broiler chickens, participate in the development of the gastrointestinal tract, including the regulation of intestinal epithelial proliferation, vitamin synthesis and ion absorption, fermentation of carbohydrates and proteins, biotransformation of bile acids, protection from pathogens and modulation of the immune system. Metagenomic analysis of the gastrointestinal microbiota allows to find approaches to improve the growth and productivity of chickens by introducing a diet based on beneficial bacterial strains or their secondary metabolites. In this paper, we studied the effect of the total fraction of Bacillus subtilis GM5 lipopeptides on the growth parameters and formation of bacterial communities in the caecum of cross Cobb 500 broiler chickens. It was found that the addition of bacillary lipopeptides to the feed resulted in an increase in chicken weight by 12.7% and a decrease in feed conversion by 6.36% compared to the control (P < 0.05). It was also shown that the introduction of a feed additive in the form of a lipopeptide fraction modulates the structure of the bacterial microbiota of the caecum of chickens. Thus, the proportion of classes Bacteroidia, Negativicutes, Betaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Synergistia in the caecal microbiota of chickens of the experimental group increases, and the proportion of Clostridia, Methanobacteria decreases in comparison with the control.
Establishing the safeness of gluten-free nourishment for laboratory animals
Authors: Ushakova Yu.V. , Rysmukhambetova G.E. , Ziruk I.V. , Frolov V.V. , Grandonyan K.A.
Published: December 2020

The experiment was carried out on lab rats which had been given the gluten free nutriment in the conditions of the veterinary clinic of «Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University». During the research, the morphological and biochemical blood analysis’ results were studied. Laboratory rats’ condition was under daily clinical monitoring as well as their weight. According to the data collected, no external signs of intoxication and death of the rats had been found during the experiment. All rats were active. The concentration of hemoglobin in the experimental group has increased by 14.33g per liter compared to the control group. Therefore, the use of gluten-free nourishment for animals does not have a negative effect on the homeostasis of the organism, which implies the safeness of a gluten-free diet.
Theoretical study of unloading the body of vehicles equipped with elastic partitions
Authors: Beznosyuk Roman , Ryabchikov Dmitry , Borychev Sergey , Rembalovich Georgiy , Kostenko Mikhail
Published: December 2020

For transporting potatoes, it is proposed to equip the vehicle with elastic partitions. Elastic partitions are formed by tubes of elastic material and can rotate around the axis of the transverse partition. A model has been developed that allows one to take into account a large number of parameters of root crops, a vehicle body, elastic partitions, parameters of the unloading process, and also calculate the main indicators of the efficiency of unloading root crops. As a result of optimization, it has been found that the optimal length of the elastic tube is 1.58 m (when the height of the vehicle body is 1.60 m), the optimal coefficient of bending stiffness of the tube is 0.9 kN/m2. At the same time, the unloading time will be less than 11.5 s and the share of damaged root crops will be less than 4.0%.
Soil fertility management in apple orchard with microbial biofertilizers
Authors: Kuzin Andrei , Solovchenko Alexei , Stepantsova Ludmila , Pugachev Grigory
Published: December 2020

Intensification of horticulture in Russia involves planting of new high-density orchards with drip irrigation and fertigation as well as intensification of the exploitation of traditional orchards. This approach involves an increase in mineral fertilizer application imposing the risk of soil fertility loss. For several reasons, the use of traditional organic fertilizers like manure in orchards is currently marginal. Although bacteria-based biofertilizers cannot substitute mineral fertilizers completely, they can significantly reduce the need for mineral fertilizer application. The effect of microbial biofertilizers of the brands “Azotovit” (Azotobacter chroococcum), “Phosphatovit” (Bacillus mucilaginosus), as well as a mixture of bacteria and the fungus, “Organic” (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma harzian) was studied in two field experiments. In the experiment #1, the preparations “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” were delivered through a drip irrigation system in various combinations with mineral fertilizers. In experiment #2, the preparation “Organic” was also applied to the soil with irrigation water, also in combination with the mineral fertilizer. When solely applied, none of the studied preparations changed significantly the soil nutrient content and yield as compared with the variant fertilized by the mineral fertilizer at the maximum studied application rate. The combination of the microbial biofertilizer and mineral fertilizers applied at a low rate ensured the yield commensurate to that obtained under high-rate application of the mineral fertilizer.
Probiotic potential of Escherichia coli ŽP for the gut microbiota of chickens
Authors: Maslennikova Irina , Gizatullina Julia , Afanasievskaya Elizaveta , Starčič Erjavec Marjanca , Kuznetsova Marina
Published: December 2020

The effect of oral administration of Escherichia coli ŽP strain carrying a conjugative plasmid encoding the colicin E7 on the composition of the intestinal chyme microbiota of chickens was studied. It was shown that E. coli ŽP was present in the chyme of chickens 6-24 days of age in all experimental groups. In the microbiota of the control group (not administered with the ŽP strain) the Firmicutes phylum, as well as Proteobacteria (E. coli), Actinobacteria (Eubacterium spp.) and, to a lesser extent, Bacteroidetes were found. In the experimental groups the proportion of Firmicutes, represented by the Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Clostridium genera, was higher than in the control group. Our results showed that the use of E. coli ŽP helps to maintain a dynamic state of the microbiota, in all experimental groups, including the group, which was administered an APEC strain.
Taxonomic composition of weed vegetation in the southern and middle Urals and zonal features of its control in maize crops
Authors: Panfilov A.E. , Kazakova N.I. , Zezin N.N. , Tikhanskaya E.L. , Ovchinnikov P.Yu.
Published: December 2020

As a result of expeditionary-route studies, the impoverishment of the composition of the segetal flora in maize crops was established when moving from the North-West to the South-East of the Ural region: from 37 species in the forest-meadow and mountain-forest zones to 10 in the steppe zone. Zonal features of the composition of weed communities associated with the hydrothermal gradient consist in the mutual substitution of annual monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species with a stable contribution of perennial dicotyledons, as well as the replacement of mesophytic weeds with xerophytic species of the same families. A comparison of cross-spectrum herbicides effectiveness in the forest-steppe and forest-meadow zones showed the advantages of a post-emergent preparation with soil effect of Meister Power. In temperate soil fertility in the Southern area of the region, it is economically feasible to use post-emergent herbicides without soil effect, in Northern areas with stable moisture – soil ones.
Climatic changes in the abundance of anchovy in the Southeast Pacific ocean
Authors: Martyn Irma , Petrov Yaroslav , Stepanov Sergey , Sidorenko Artem
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the issue of the relationship between climate change and the productivity of oceanic ecosystems. The data on the course of the number of commercial populations in the productive zone of the ocean are analyzed. Comparison of data on climate fluctuations and populations of commercial fish over a period of 16 years, which will reveal the conjugation of climate fluctuations and fish productivity. On the basis of the results obtained, a model is proposed for predicting the abundance of a commercial species for several years, depending on the climate. The results obtained provide an answer to the question of whether long-term fluctuations in the abundance of commercial species are influenced by the climate or large-scale fishing.
Features of the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll “ a “ and its relation to the water surface temperature by manifestations in the earth remote sensing data
Authors: Martyn Irma , Petrov Yaroslav , Stepanov Sergey , Sidorenko Artem
Published: December 2020

An effective method for evaluating chlorophyll “a” is remote sensing in the optical range by satellite spectroradiometers. To study the concentration of chlorophyll “a” in the bio-productive regions of the ocean, we used data from the MODIS-Aqua scanner of the NASA GIOVANNI system, which provides access to satellite data archives at the same time as tools for their processing and analysis. The variability of the chlorophyll “a” concentration in surface waters may indicate the state of water productivity. The paper considers the temporal and spatial variability of chlorophyll “a” concentration and water surface temperature from satellite data and the influence of water surface temperature on this variability in the Gulf of Alaska and in the area of the Peruvian upwelling. As a result, a direct relationship between changes in the concentration of chlorophyll “a” and the water surface temperature was revealed. It is possible to assess the bio-productivity depending on the variability of the concentration of chlorophyll “a”.
Analysis of consequences of the relationship between man, nature and technology in the context of technogenesis intellectualization
Authors: Ulivanova Galina , Fedosova Olga , Glotova Galina , Antoshina Olga , Fetisova Alexandra
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of the analysis of demographic and medico-social data characterizing the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from environmental diseases, in particular, diseases of the cardiovascular system. The trend of negative natural population growth was revealed, amounting to -6.9 per 1,000 persons by 2019. The number of patients with cardiovascular diseases was 13 817,4 persons, with the overwhelming majority of the working-age population (9020,2 persons). Ischemic heart disease had the largest share in the structure of the studied diseases (62,25 %). There was also a decrease in life expectancy over the past 30 years and an increase in mortality of young and middle-aged people.
Formation of the personal meanings of the study of mathematics among students of agricultural areas of training by means of contextual learning
Authors: Biryukova Natalia
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of contextual teaching methods on the development of personal meanings of teaching university students. Since it is education that provides real opportunities for the development of citizens, their self-realization and demand in modern society, which is being formed today under the influence of the processes of informatization and intellectualization of all spheres of public life, the problem of the formation of value orientations, the meanings of learning is especially relevant. The aim of the research is to find ways and means of forming the personal meanings of students in the study of non-core subjects for their direction, in particular mathematics. The process of teaching mathematics is modeled, providing a semantic orientation of teaching. Three stages of meaning formation with the characteristics of their content are considered. The effectiveness of using a contextual approach to the process of teaching mathematics to students of agricultural areas of training is shown.
The effect of anthropogenic factors on rare, endemic plant species in the Ile Alatau
Authors: Ydyrys Alibek , Serbayeva Akerke , Dossymbetova Symbat , Akhmetova Aigul , Zhuystay Aida
Published: December 2020

Our study showed that the anthropogenic impact on the flora of the study area, including agricultural activities, is growing every year. This complex research has been conducted in Almaty Province on the 6 populations of the four rare and endemic plant species (Ikonnikovia kaufmanniana, Limonium michelsonii), taking into account the total number, age spectrum. An analysis of the density and age structure of the populations Ikonnikovia kaufmanniana showed that the age range of the population 1 and 2 account for maximum virginal individuals and in the population of 3 generative individuals. The results of the study of the age and condition of life Limonium michelsonii in different parts of the three populations showed that a young virginal (64.6%) and generative individuals (23.6%) and in the population 2, the maximum is in juvenile (54.5%) and (20.49%) individuals and population 3 maximum occurs at a young virginal (38.9%) and (29.4%) individuals.
Thermodynamic modeling of aqueous migration of chemical elements in irrigation water
Authors: Soldatova Evgeniya , Sidkina Evgeniya , Sun Zhanxue
Published: December 2020

Research of migration forms in irrigation water of flooded fields contributes to understanding geochemical barrier formation and functioning. It can improve pollution and nutrification control in the soil-water-plant system since geochemical barriers promote concentrating chemical elements at different depths of a soil cross-section. The research aimed to simulate the aqueous migration of chemical elements and their precipitation in the flooded rice fields’ irrigation water to determine the potential of removing them from the solution at the sorption geochemical barrier. The samples of irrigation water were taken after harvesting in the Poyang Lake basin (China) and analyzed with a standard set of methods for natural water, including ICP-MS and ICP-AES. To assess the migration forms, the HCh software package was used. The thermodynamic values database was supplemented with free energies of formation of metal complexes with fulvic and humic acids for standard conditions. Modeling has shown that most of the considered chemical elements migrate in positively charging simple ions. The main agents of complexation with humic substances are Fe, Ca, and U. Kaolinite potentially precipitates from the irrigation water. Results show that sorption of positively charged simple ions and MoO42−on clay minerals should be under special attention.
The role and importance of financial results in the effective management of an agricultural enterprise
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Poltorak Anastasiia , Dereza Viacheslav , Buriak Ievgen , Purtov Vladimir
Published: December 2020

Currently, in all regions of Republic of Belarus much attention is paid to improving the functioning of agricultural enterprises. Due to the fact that their level of liquidity and profitability to a large extent becomes dependent on the current state of the state food market, its ability to meet the needs of legal entities and the population and the ability to purchase high-quality agricultural products have a great influence on agricultural export growth indicators and dependence countries from food imports. In view of this, the concepts of financial results and their role in the development of the activities of an agricultural enterprise are disclosed in this article. The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the fact that at this stage of the development of agriculture in the Republic of Belarus, not only a significant amount of state assistance to agricultural enterprises plays an important role, but also an increase in the efficiency of the agricultural enterprises themselves, an increase in their added value and their products.
Food commodity market under uncertainty: regulation of access and influence on decision making
Authors: Skryl Tatiana , Gregoric Marina
Published: December 2020

The article reveals the principles of functioning of food products market in Russia in conditions of uncertainty. The current reality has arisen not only because of the decisions of foreign countries in the field of international trade, but also because of the emergence of threats to the lives of the population through the spread of a particularly dangerous infection throughout the world. Governments of many countries had to accept the new conditions of uncertainty as an objective necessity to reconstruct the economic system, identify weaknesses in the economy and build medium-term plans for the development of trade relations between the countries. The author cites the market of agro-industrial complex as the object of analysis of this research. In the course of the work, the place of Russia in the structure of export and import of food products was considered, the foreign trade balance for the last three years was calculated, and the barriers to entry into the market of food products in the near future were assessed. In conclusion, it is highlighted that the state, by building a sustainable institutional environment under conditions of limited rationality, influences the decisions of the country’s food market participants in order to ensure the competitiveness of the sector of the economy.
Legal and social aspects of the state participation in the governance of the large corporations in Russia
Authors: Cherkasova Oxana , Sosnovskikh Sergey
Published: December 2020

This paper evaluates the legal status of the Russian federal government as a corporate governance participant using the example of large sectorial companies. The state commonly regulates economic processes and focuses on pursuing the public interest. It also acts as a guarantor of social responsibility, and this affects decision-making processes in state-owned corporations. In Russia, the federal government has always played an essential role in the business activities of enterprises. Many companies are known to be state-owned or have close links to the state authorities and policymakers. This raises an academic debate concerning the development of market competition, state participation, and business environment. We propose approaches to understanding the participation of the state and unitary enterprises in corporate governance in Russia. By employing secondary data analysis as well as examining the Russian legislation in corporate law, we attempt to determine the legal and social status of the federal government in managing large corporations. This study addresses the issues of the duality of the legal status of the government in corporate governance and its impact on managerial decision-making.
Nutrition as a sociological phenomenon
Authors: Olkhovikov Konstantin , Zhuravleva Lyudmila , Ojha Nisha Kant , Zarubina Elena , Ruchkin Aleksey
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the theoretical and methodological and procedural foundations of nutrition sociology as a special sociological theory. The authors undertake an analysis of the conducted intelligence sociological research using qualitative methodology. The conclusion is made about the formation of the youth style of food as one of the elements of the youth lifestyle with a pronounced bias towards globalized standards of rationalization of life, combining leisure with food, speeding up the pace of life and gravitation to fast food and other unhealthy products.
Use of non-traditional types of plant raw materials for food production within the framework of food security
Authors: Pastushkova Ekaterina , Kryukova Ekaterina , Arisov Alexsandr , Tiunov Vladislav , Kokoreva Larisa
Published: December 2020

Improving food security and quality of life is directly related to providing the population with high-quality products, including functional ones, that help to restore and maintain their nutritional status. The use of plant raw materials as a prescription component in the production of confectionery remains a poorly studied and relevant topic. The use of non-traditional types of plant grain raw materials, including amaranth seeds, in the confectionery industry is due to the high nutritional value and unique chemical composition [1]. This article discusses the possibility of using amaranth seed flour and coconut milk in the recipe of flour confectionery products. Optimal amounts of incorporation of amaranth seed flour and coconut milk in the cookie recipe have been developed. The cookie was evaluated by commodity research, regulated indicators were established, and its biological value was determined.
Assessment of the suitability of dry yeast for the production of wines and wine beverages from sea buckthorn
Authors: Rozhnov Evgeny , Scholnikova Marina , Chugunova Olga
Published: December 2020

Biochemical transformations under the action of the yeast enzyme complex affect not only the utilization of sugar to the final product - ethyl alcohol, but also secondary processes accompanied by the synthesis of minor side components that have a significant impact on the bouquet and taste of finished drinks. Modern dry yeast for winemaking produced industrially is characterized by significant variability in characteristics, which requires testing of their use on various types of raw materials. In the experiment, data were obtained on the use of dry yeast produced by LALLEMAND Inc. company (Canada) for the production of sea buckthorn wines and wine beverages. It is established that the studied yeast samples allow to obtain a finished product with different characteristics, which makes it possible to differentially approach the industrial implementation of the technology of wines and wine drinks from sea buckthorn by varying the yeast strains.
Comparative Characteristics of Dosage Forms of α-Lipoic Acid
Authors: Shkolnikova Marina , Chugunova Olga , Sokolova Olga
Published: December 2020

α-Lipoic acid is a fatty acid, which in its physiological effect is on a par with vitamins and minerals, is a vitamin-like substance (vitamin N). A review of clinical trials of the effectiveness of α-lipoic acid in evidence-based diseases is presented. It is proved that the main indication for the use of α-lipoic acid is diabetes mellitus and complications associated with impaired glucose metabolism, including neuropathy, comprising children and adolescents. In addition, α-lipoic acid can be used for medicinal purposes and for a number of other diseases. α-Lipoic acid is an active substance with “critical bioavailability”: when introduced into the interior, its inter- and intra-individual plasma levels can vary significantly. Therefore, the therapeutic effectiveness of lipoic acid preparations largely depends on its form. A comparative characteristic of solid dosage forms of α-lipoic acid according to pharmacokinetic and clinical indicators is given. It was shown that the pharmacokinetic indices of the solid forms of α-lipoic acid practically do not differ, and the bioavailability of all forms is in the range of 30-60%. The advantages (for manufacturers and consumers / patients) and the disadvantages of α-lipoic acid drugs in solid forms - capsules and tablets are shown. Results proving the best therapeutic effect of α-lipoic acid in micellar form are presented.
Simulation-Based Ultrasound Training in Obstetrics and Gynecology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Taksøe-Vester Caroline , Dyre Liv , Schroll Jeppe , Tabor Ann , Tolsgaard Martin
Published: December 2020

Objective The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of simulation-based ultrasound training (SIM-UT) in obstetrics and gynecology compared to non-SIM-UT on trainee learning, clinical performance, patient-relevant outcomes, and cost of training.

Methods A systematic search was performed in June 2019 in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus using search terms for the topic and the intervention as well as certain MESH terms. Inclusion criteria were defined in accordance with the PICO question. Studies published in any language involving SIM-UT in obstetrics and gynecology compared to non-SIM-UT or no training were included. The outcomes included effects on health care provider learning and clinical performance, patient-relevant outcomes, and cost of training. Two authors evaluated the study quality with the MERSQI instrument and the Oxford Quality Scoring System. A meta-analysis was planned for the included randomized controlled trials.

Results 15 studies were included, and 11 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. SIM-UT was significantly superior to clinical training only and theoretical teaching with standard mean differences (SMD) of 0.84 (0.08–1.61) and 1.20 (0.37–2.04), respectively. However, SIM-UT was not superior to live model training; SMD of 0.65 (–3.25–4.55). Of all studies included in the meta-analysis, 91 % favored SIM-UT over clinical training alone, theoretical teaching, or in some cases live model training.

Conclusion In the field of obstetrics and gynecology, SIM-UT in addition to clinical training markedly improves trainee learning, clinical performance, as well as patient-perceived quality of care.
Methods of Analyzing Deep Levels in GaN
Authors: Narita Tetsuo , Tokuda Yutaka
Published: December 2020

Analytical methods for investigating deep levels in GaN are reviewed. Quantitative accuracy of deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) technology is discussed. The isothermal method allows a quick measurement and is useful to characterize trap states for the case that a temperature scan causes reaction of defects or the occupancy condition for each filling pulse needs to be kept constant. The DLTS measurement for hole traps in p-type GaN needs special considerations due to the relatively large ionization energy of magnesium acceptors, where the low-frequency DLTS system is utilized. For investigation of minority carrier traps, DLTS using injection bias pulses for p-n junctions is the most reliable method for the quantitative evaluation. DLTS methods using light filling pulses such as minority carrier transient spectroscopy and optical DLTS are applied for samples without p-n junctions, which needs considerations of light absorption, the minority carrier diffusion length, and the optical capture cross sections of deep levels. Investigation of deep levels far from both band edges requires the approaches without the use of thermal emission process. For this aim, this chapter overviews deep-level optical spectroscopy, photoluminescence involving a time-resolved method, positron annihilation spectroscopy, and an analysis of recombination current in a p-n junction.
Multiphoton Microscopy
Authors: Tanikawa Tomoyuki
Published: December 2020

Multiphoton microscopy is a nondestructive characterization method for extended defects in widegap semiconductors. This chapter presents an overview of the historical development and principle of multiphoton microscopy, as well as the imaging technology of extended defects in silicon carbide and gallium nitride. Nonlinear optical processes, such as multiple photon absorption and harmonic generation, and subsequent photon emission processes are locally influenced by the distribution of extended defects. In n-type SiC substrates, threading dislocations and basal plane dislocations can be observed as dark spots or dark lines on a photoluminescence image of a near-band-edge emission, whereas stacking faults can be observed as bright areas on a photoluminescence image measured at emission wavelengths of 425-500 nm. Threading dislocations in n-type GaN substrates also act as nonradiative recombination centers, and they are observed from near-band-edge emission imaging. The diameters of dark spots and dark lines are determined by the minority carrier diffusion length of the material. Simultaneous detection of near-band-edge emission and yellow luminescence can be utilized to visualize three-dimensional growth processes such as facet-initiated epitaxial lateral overgrowth, which is used to obtain GaN substrates with low threading dislocation densities.
‘We’re just seen as people that give out the methadone…’: exploring the role of community pharmacists in the opioid substitution treatment team
Authors: Lukey Rebecca , Gray Ben , Morris Caroline
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONPeople receiving opioid substitution treatment are a vulnerable population who experience significant health inequities and stigma, but have regular interactions with community pharmacists. Many pharmacists now work collaboratively with other health providers to ensure effective and safe use of medicines, as well as being involved in the prevention and management of chronic health conditions.
AIMTo explore the role of New Zealand community pharmacists in the provision of opioid substitution treatment and how they perceive their role as part of the wider opioid substitution treatment team.
METHODSSemi-structured video interviews with a purposive sample of 13 diverse pharmacists explored their current practices in providing opioid substitution treatment, and their perceived role in the treatment team. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were coded and analysed using an inductive thematic approach.
RESULTSThis study found that pharmacists are providing accessible support to a population with known barriers to accessing health care. However, participants also identified challenges with communication and a perceived lack of understanding of the pharmacist role as barriers to collaboration with the wider opioid substitution treatment team.
DISCUSSIONCollaboration within health-care teams has been shown to improve health outcomes, and pharmacists are well placed to provide health-care services as well as offer valuable insight into clients’ mental and physical wellbeing. Improved communication channels that facilitate information sharing, as well as the opioid substitution treatment team’s recognition of a pharmacist’s role, may facilitate collaboration and, in turn, improve the quality of health care provided to this vulnerable population.
Backfitting tests in generalized structured models
Authors: Mammen E , Sperlich S
Published: December 2020

We introduce bootstrap tests for semiparametric generalized structured models. These can be used for testing different kinds of model specifications like separability, functional forms and homogeneity of effects, or for performing variable selection in a large class of semiparametric models. The test statistics are based on the comparison of non- and semiparametric alternatives in which both the null hypothesis and the alternative are non- or semiparametric. All estimators are obtained by smooth backfitting. Simulation studies show excellent performance of the test procedures.
Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: comparison of recent international guidelines
Authors: Chao Tze-Fan , Nedeljkovic Milan A , Lip Gregory Y H , Potpara Tatjana S
Published: December 2020

Stroke prevention is one of the cornerstones of management in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). As part of the ABC (Atrial fibrillation Better Care) pathway (A: Avoid stroke/Anticoagulation; B: Better symptom control; C: Cardiovascular risk and comorbidity optimisation), stroke risk assessment and appropriate thromboprophylaxis is emphasised. Various guidelines have addressed stroke prevention. In this review, we compared the 2017 APHRS, 2018 ACCP, 2019 ACC/AHA/HRS, and 2020 ESC AF guidelines regarding the stroke/bleeding risk assessment and recommendations about the use of OAC. We also aimed to highlight some unique points for each of those guidelines. All four guidelines recommend the use of the CHA2DS2-VASc score for stroke risk assessment, and OAC (preferably NOACs in all NOAC-eligible patients) is recommended for AF patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 (males) or ≥3 (females). Guidelines also emphasize the importance of stroke risk reassessments at periodic intervals (e.g. 4–6 months) to inform treatment decisions (e.g. initiation of OAC in patients no longer at low risk of stroke) and address potentially modifiable bleeding risk factors.