bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of 5D charged rotating black holes: a counterterms treatment
Authors: Awad Adel , ElSayed Hassan
Published: March 2023

We use the counterterms subtraction method to calculate various thermodynamical quantities for charged rotating black holes in five-dimensional minimal gauged supergravity (Chong et al. in Phys Rev Lett 95:161301, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.161301, arXiv:hep-th/0506029). Specifically, we analyze certain issues related to the first law and Smarr’s relation in the presence of a conformal anomaly. Among the bulk quantities calculated are the on-shell action, total mass, and angular momenta of the solution. All these quantities are consistent with previous calculations made using other methods. For the boundary theory, we calculate the renormalized stress tensor, conformal anomaly, and Casimir energy. Using the Papadimitriou–Skenderis analysis (Papadimitriou and Skenderis in J High Energy Phys 08:004, 2005), we show that the mass calculated via the counterterms method satisfies the first law of black hole thermodynamics. To discuss extended thermodynamics, we extend the definition of the thermodynamic volume to cases with conformal anomalies using a procedure similar to that of Papadimitriou–Skenderis. We show that this volume correctly accounts for extra terms due to boundary metric variation. This shows that the mass and volume calculated using counterterms satisfy Smarr’s relation as well as the first law.
Improve Session-Based Recommendation with Triplet Mining and Dynamic Perturbations Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Zhu Jiayi , Feng Yong , Zhou Mingliang , Xiong Xiancai , Wang Yongheng , Xia Yu , Qiang Baohua , Mao Qin , Fang Bin
Published: March 2023

Session-based recommendation (SBR) emphasizes mining user interests to predict the next click based on recent interactions within sessions. Most current SBR methods suffer from insufficient interactive information problems and fail to distinguish session representations with high similarities, which can neglect the inherent features within sessions. To fill the gap, we propose a triplet mining enhanced graph neural networks (TME-GNN) approach to enhance the recommendation systems by mining structural and inherent information. Technically, we first generate anchor, positive and negative embeddings based on the given session and set a triplet mining task to improve the recommendation task with subtle features by pushing positive pairs close and pulling negative pairs away. Second, to robust the model, we employ a self-supervised auxiliary task by adding dynamic perturbations to the embedding space. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the superiority of our method against other state-of-the-art algorithms. Our implementations are available on the following site https://github.com/Info4Rec/TME-GNN .
A Novel Overlapping Community Detection Algorithm Combing Interest Topic and Local Density
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Hou Pengfei , Li Hui , Yang Zixuan , Zheng Ying , Yang Juan
Published: March 2023

Ontology user portraits describe the semantic structure of users’ interests. It is very important to study the similar relationship between user portraits to find the communities with overlapping interests. The hierarchical characteristics of user interest can generate multiple similarity relations, which is conducive to the formation of interest clusters. This paper proposed a method of overlapping community detection combining the hierarchical characteristics of user interest and the module distribution entropy of node. First, a hierarchical user interest model was constructed based on the ontology knowledge base to measure the multi-granularity topic similarity of users. Then, a heterogeneous hypergraph was established by using the multi-granularity topic similarity and the following similarity of users to represent the interest network. Based on the mechanism of module distribution entropy of nodes, the community detection algorithm was applied to identify the interested community. The real performance of the proposed algorithm on multiple networks was verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is better than the typical overlapping community detection algorithm in terms of accuracy and recall rate.
Sparse FCM-Based Map-Reduce Framework for Distributed Parallel Data Clustering in E-Khool Learning Platform
Authors: Suki Antely A. , Jegatheeswari P. , Bibin Prasad M. , Vinolin V. , Vinusha S. , Rajakumar B. R. , Binu D.
Published: March 2023

Parallel clustering serves as a platform for handling big data. The literature displays a number of clustering algorithms using a map-reduce framework, but they did not assure the effective clusters such that knowledge extraction becomes tough. With the aim to render a better and effective data clustering method to analyze the big data arriving from distributed systems, this paper uses a new clustering method. The proposed method named as BatDolphin-based Sparse Fuzzy C-Means (BatDol-Sparse FCM) clustering algorithm is proposed that paves way for the optimal selection of the cluster centroids. The distributed big data is managed using the Map-Reduce framework that is inbuilt with the BatDolphin-based Sparse Fuzzy C-Means algorithm such that the local and global clustering is executed. The implementation of the proposed BatDol-Sparse FCM algorithm is done by using data from the E-khool Learning Management System (LMS) and three medical datasets from the UCI repository. The analysis is performed using the metrics, such as clustering accuracy (CA) and dice coefficient (DC). From the simulation results, it is evident that the proposed parallel clustering scheme provided better results than the existing algorithms with the values of 0.96 and 0.9667 for CA and DC respectively.
On the Polytope of 3-Tolerant Fuzzy Measures
Authors: García-Segador P. , Miranda P.
Published: March 2023

In this paper we study some geometrical properties of the polytope of 3-tolerant fuzzy measures. To achieve this task, we profit that this polytope is an order polytope and hence many properties can be extracted from the subjacent poset. The main result in the paper is a straightforward procedure for obtaining a random 3-tolerant fuzzy measure. We also compute the volume and obtain some other properties of this polytope. These results can be also applied by duality to the polytope of 3-intolerant measures and they can also be easily extended to other subfamilies of fuzzy measures.
Plasma Sputtering of Nano-CaTiO3 Thin Film Applied for Surface Modification of Co–Cr Alloy
Authors: AbdulKareem Samah K. , Ajeel Sami A. , Shaghnab Murtadha L. , Lafta Safa Hammodi , Mohammed Kahtan A. , Zabibah Rahman S. , Saxsena Kuldeep K. , Agrawal Manoj Kumar
Published: March 2023

A biocompatible and corrosion-resistant coating was progressed by depositing a thin film of calcium titanate (CaTi[Formula: see text] on CoCr-based alloy substrate using a radiofrequency magnetron plasma sputtering process to improve the characteristics of the interface between the thin-film coating and the CoCr alloy substrate. In this technique, the best power was previously observed at 225 W to get good coating film deposition properties. This power was applied to a deposited thin film of CaTiO3 on a heated CoCr-based alloy at [Formula: see text]C using an argon gas atmosphere with purity (99.8%) under vacuum 1.00E-02 Torr. Different deposition rates and times were used to observe nanofilm, the thicknesses of (50 nm, 80 nm, 110 nm and 140 nm). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was applied to study surface morphologies. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to study the crystalline structure of thin films deposited. The Vickers Micro-Hardness tests were implemented on each specimen. Vitro electrochemical corrosion tests (open circuit potential, Tafel polarization curve and cyclic polarization) of the coated and uncoated specimens were done, to find the optimal state that gives excellent resistance to corrosion in a simulated body fluid environment. The results of the experiments showed that as the thickness of the thin films increased, so did the hardness measurements. An enhancement in corrosion resistance also was clearly observed at a thickness of 140 nm CaTiO3 thin-film compared with uncoated and coated specimens at other nanothicknesses.
Obstacles to effective model deployment in healthcare
Authors: Chan Wei Xin , Wong Limsoon
Published: March 2023

Despite an exponential increase in publications on clinical prediction models over recent years, the number of models deployed in clinical practice remains fairly limited. In this paper, we identify common obstacles that impede effective deployment of prediction models in healthcare, and investigate their underlying causes. We observe a key underlying cause behind most obstacles — the improper development and evaluation of prediction models. Inherent heterogeneities in clinical data complicate the development and evaluation of clinical prediction models. Many of these heterogeneities in clinical data are unreported because they are deemed to be irrelevant, or due to privacy concerns. We provide real-life examples where failure to handle heterogeneities in clinical data, or sources of biases, led to the development of erroneous models. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize modeling practitioners with common sources of biases and heterogeneities in clinical data, both of which have to be dealt with to ensure proper development and evaluation of clinical prediction models. Proper model development and evaluation, together with complete and thorough reporting, are important prerequisites for a prediction model to be effectively deployed in healthcare.
Comparative Study on Controllable Electro-Magneto Rheological Fluids — A Brief Review
Authors: Kumar Ranjan , Roy Apurba Kumar , Kumar Kaushik
Published: March 2023

Over the last few decades, people have felt the requirement for smart materials that promote and enhance easy, flexible, and smart manufacturing with cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation. In this regard, electro-magnetorheological fluids have become the center of attraction for many researchers due to their controllable properties and improved behaviors under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. The current review work is a modest attempt to help readers understand the behavior, controllable properties, and challenges faced and suggested solutions to overcome the associated issues. The electrorheological (ER) and magnetorheological (MR) fluids exhibit a rapid response to external stimuli and enable us to enrich their properties to extend the limitations of their multidimensional uses and versatility. Many studies have been conducted in designing and developing such systems that utilize rheological fluids in many applications. Vibration control is one such issue that demands additional attention. Other applications, such as brakes and clutches, valves, aircraft landing gear, automotive parts, fluid power control, dampers, etc., have also emerged over the last few decades. Sedimentation control is one of the significant issues of rheological fluids, and it has been adequately reviewed in this work. The review work also provides a deeper insight into the influence of field effects on fluid particles and a proper understanding of the compositions, properties, mechanisms, and applications.
Environmental geochemical characteristics of Xuanwei Formation coal and their controlling geological factors, with comments on the relationship with lung cancer incidence and distribution
Authors: Chen Zailin , Shi Zeming , Ni Shijun , Hu Junchun
Published: March 2023

This paper attempts to review the environmental geochemical characteristics (re.: enriched elements) in coals of the Late Permian Xuanwei Formation of NW Yunnan, China, and gauge the possible existence of significant relationships with the incidence and distribution of lung cancer in the region. To achieve this goal, 27 samples were collected in this region; the mineralogical characteristics and major and trace elements were analysed; the Pb isotopic composition was traced; the contribution of the source rock was calculated; and principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out. Our current findings are summarized as follows: (1) the minerals are mainly quartz (silica), chamosite, calcite and kaolinite; (2) MnO, SiO
2
, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd and W are enriched; (3) the LREYs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm and Eu) and HREYs (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y) have similar enrichment degrees, and the fractionation degree of HREYs is higher than that of LREYs; (4) the source distance restricts the Pb isotope composition; (5) MnO, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu and Cd are controlled by the Emeishan basalt; the origin of SiO
2
(authigenic quartz) is unclear; (6) the lung cancer tissue characteristics, PCA, and toxicological characteristics of elements suggest that the main components of enriched elements probably come from V, Cr, Co, Ni and Cd, not SiO
2
. In conclusion, the carcinogenic elements V, Cr, Co, Ni and Cd may be related to lung cancer. Since our study is highly explorative, this result leaves many interesting aspects to be further studied.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Geochemical processes related to mined, milled, or natural metal deposits collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/geochemical-processes-related-to-mined-milled-or-natural-metal-deposits

Supplementary material
: The coal mine and coal sample description, major, trace elements, and XRD results of coal as well as regional geological map are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6444476
On the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data for mineralogical investigations – constraints and application of a clustering method
Authors: Fontana Fernando F. , van der Hoek Ben , Stromberg Jessica , Tiddy Caroline , Francis Neil , Tassios Steven , Uvarova Yulia A.
Published: March 2023

This study examines how laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) data collected using a downhole deployable LIBS prototype for geochemical analysis in a fashion that imitates downhole deployment may be used for mineralogical investigations. Two chemically and mineralogically practically identical felsic rocks, namely granite and microgranite, are used to assess the effects of rock texture on mineral classification and high-resolution SEM-TIMA (scanning electron microscope coupled with TESCAN's integrated mineral analyser) mineral maps are used to reveal mineralogical composition of each LIBS ablation crater. Additionally, in order to extend the LIBS application for fast mineralogical studies to a greenfield scenario (i.e. no previous knowledge) a clustering methodology is presented for mineralogical classification from LIBS data. Results indicate that most LIBS spot analyses sample mineral mixtures, 91.2 and 100% for granite and microgranite, respectively, which challenges mineralogical classification, particularly for fine-grained rocks. Positive identification and classification of minerals of slightly different compositions relative to the bulk rock (i.e. fluorite and biotite in granitic rocks) demonstrates how minerals or minerals groups of distinct and interesting chemical compositions (e.g. sulfides or oxides in silicate-dominated rocks) can be rapidly recognized in a mineral exploration scenario. Strategies for overcoming mineral mixture issues are presented and recommendations are given for effective workflows for mineralogical analysis using LIBS data in different mineral exploration stages.

Supplementary material
: Complete LIBS analyses for granite and microgranite samples (Appendix A); modal mineralogy results for each LIBS ablation crater based on TIMA analysis (Appendix B); and TIMA mineral maps for granite and microgranite samples are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6444482
Lactylation: novel epigenetic regulatory and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Fan Haoqin , Yang Fan , Xiao Zhenghui , Luo Haiyan , Chen Huaiyang , Chen Zhi , Liu Qiming , Xiao Yunbin
Published: March 2023

Lactate, which is an end product of glycolysis, has traditionally been considered a metabolic waste. However, numerous studies have demonstrated that lactate serves metabolic and nonmetabolic functions in physiological processes and multiple diseases. Cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension have been shown to undergo metabolic reprogramming, which is accompanied by increased lactate production. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications have been extensively linked; furthermore, posttranslational modifications of histones caused by metabolites play a vital role in epigenetic alterations. In this paper, we reviewed recent research on lactate-induced histone modifications and provided a new vision about the metabolic effect of glycolysis. Based on our review, the cross talk between the metabolome and epigenome induced by glycolysis may indicate novel epigenetic regulatory and therapeutic opportunities. There is a magnificent progress in the interaction between metabolomics and epigenomics in recent decades, but many questions still remained to be investigated. Lactylation is found in different pathophysiological states and leads to diverse biological effects; however, only a few mechanisms of lactylation have been illustrated. Further research on lactylation would provide us with a better understanding of the cross talk between metabolomics and epigenomics.
In-the-Field Authentication of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv: Albariño Using Chlorotype Discrimination and a Single SNP Interrogation by LAMP
Authors: Quinteiro Javier , Quinteiro Lara , Díaz-Fernández Angela , Rey-Méndez Manuel , Ibáñez Javier , Díaz-Losada Emilia
Published: March 2023

Authentication of grapevine cultivars, Vitis vinifera L., is difficult, especially when analytical specimens lack diagnostic ampelographic characters, which prevents the verification of traceability systems aimed at guaranteeing varietal integrity. This issue is problematic when viticultural strategies and regulations associated with high-value wine-producing geographical areas rely on extensive control and monitoring of valuable cultivars. Varietal identification based on grapevine molecular markers is a standardized methodology that requires a specialised laboratory for its application. In contrast, the use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) allows DNA markers to be characterized quickly and easily, without the need for skilled personnel, allowing implementation in-situ or in-the-field. Simultaneous identification of the chlorotype and the interrogation of a single SNP using a portable device have allowed the first discrimination in-the-field of grafted grapevines, without appreciable ampelographic characters, as belonging to the valuable “Albariño” cultivar. This methodology constitutes a valuable tool for cultivar discrimination and can be efficiently implemented in the traceability of valuable grapevine genetic resources.
Commercially Available Textiles as a Scaffolding Platform for Large-Scale Cell Culture
Authors: Agarwal Tarun , Tan Sheri-Ann , Rathnam Vuppaladadium Shanmuga Sharan , Sajja Tanmayi , Maiti Tapas Kumar
Published: March 2023

The present study outlines the evaluation of textile materials that are currently in the market for cell culture applications. By using normal LaserJet printing techniques, we created the substrates, which were then characterized physicochemically and biologically. In particular, (i) we found that the weave pattern and (ii) the chemical nature of the textiles significantly influenced the behaviour of the cells. Textiles with closely knitted fibers and cell adhesion motifs, exhibited better cell adhesion and proliferation over a period of 7 days. All the substrates supported good viability of cells (>80%). We believe that these aspects make commercially available textiles as a potential candidate for large-scale culture of adherent cells.
Highly Selective Separation of C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/C2H4 in an N-Rich Cage-Based Microporous Metal-Organic Framework
Authors: Yang Lingzhi , Xie Wenpeng , Fu Qiuju , Yan Liting , Zhang Shuo , Jiang Huimin , Li Liangjun , Gu Xin , Liu Dandan , Dai Pengcheng , Zheng Qingbin , Zhao Xuebo
Published: March 2023

The separation of acetylene (C2H2) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and the purification of ethylene (C2H4) from C2H2 are quite essential processes for the chemical industry. However, these processes are challenging due to their similar physical properties, including molecule sizes and boiling points. Herein, we report an N-rich cage-based microporous metal-organic framework (MOF), [Cd5(Tz)9](NO3) (termed as Cd-TZ, TZ stands for tetrazole), and its highly efficient separation of C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/C2H4. Single-component gas adsorption isotherms reveal that Cd-TZ exhibits high C2H2 adsorption capacity (3.10 mmol g-1 at 298 K and 1 bar). The N-rich cages in Cd-TZ can trap C2H2 with a higher isosteric heat of adsorption (40.8 kJ mol-1) than CO2 and C2H4 owing to the robust host-guest interactions between the noncoordinated N atoms and C2H2, which has been verified by molecular modeling studies. Cd-TZ shows a high IAST selectivity for C2H2/CO2 (8.3) and C2H2/C2H4 (13.3). The breakthrough simulations confirm the potential for separating C2H2/CO2 and the purification of C2H4 from C2H2.
From Molecule to Patient Rehabilitation: The Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Magnetic Stimulation on Stroke—A Narrative Review
Authors: Badoiu Anca , Mitran Smaranda Ioana , Catalin Bogdan , Balseanu Tudor Adrian , Popa-Wagner Aurel , Gherghina Florin Liviu , Albu Carmen Valeria , Sandu Raluca Elena
Published: March 2023

Stroke is a major health problem worldwide, with numerous health, social, and economic implications for survivors and their families. One simple answer to this problem would be to ensure the best rehabilitation with full social reintegration. As such, a plethora of rehabilitation programs was developed and used by healthcare professionals. Among them, modern techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation are being used and seem to bring improvements to poststroke rehabilitation. This success is attributed to their capacity to enhance cellular neuromodulation. This modulation includes the reduction of the inflammatory response, autophagy suppression, antiapoptotic effects, angiogenesis enhancement, alterations in the blood-brain barrier permeability, attenuation of oxidative stress, influence on neurotransmitter metabolism, neurogenesis, and enhanced structural neuroplasticity. The favorable effects have been demonstrated at the cellular level in animal models and are supported by clinical studies. Thus, these methods proved to reduce infarct volumes and to improve motor performance, deglutition, functional independence, and high-order cerebral functions (i.e., aphasia and heminegligence). However, as with every therapeutic method, these techniques can also have limitations. Their regimen of administration, the phase of the stroke at which they are applied, and the patients’ characteristics (i.e., genotype and corticospinal integrity) seem to influence the outcome. Thus, no response or even worsening effects were obtained under certain circumstances both in animal stroke model studies and in clinical trials. Overall, weighing up risks and benefits, the new transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation techniques can represent effective tools with which to improve the patients’ recovery after stroke, with minimal to no adverse effects. Here, we discuss their effects and the molecular and cellular events underlying their effects as well as their clinical implications.
Machine Learning Techniques for Antimicrobial Resistance Prediction of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa from Whole Genome Sequence Data
Authors: Noman Sohail M. , Zeeshan Muhammad , Arshad Jehangir , Deressa Amentie Melkamu , Shafiq Muhammad , Yuan Yumeng , Zeng Mi , Li Xin , Xie Qingdong , Jiao Xiaoyang
Published: March 2023

Aim. Due to the growing availability of genomic datasets, machine learning models have shown impressive diagnostic potential in identifying emerging and reemerging pathogens. This study aims to use machine learning techniques to develop and compare a model for predicting bacterial resistance to a panel of 12 classes of antibiotics using whole genome sequence (WGS) data of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Method. A machine learning technique called Random Forest (RF) and BioWeka was used for classification accuracy assessment and logistic regression (LR) for statistical analysis. Results. Our results show 44.66% of isolates were resistant to twelve antimicrobial agents and 55.33% were sensitive. The mean classification accuracy was obtained ≥98% for BioWeka and ≥96 for RF on these families of antimicrobials. Where ampicillin was 99.31% and 94.00%, amoxicillin was 99.02% and 95.21%, meropenem was 98.27% and 96.63%, cefepime was 99.73% and 98.34%, fosfomycin was 96.44% and 99.23%, ceftazidime was 98.63% and 94.31%, chloramphenicol was 98.71% and 96.00%, erythromycin was 95.76% and 97.63%, tetracycline was 99.27% and 98.25%, gentamycin was 98.00% and 97.30%, butirosin was 99.57% and 98.03%, and ciprofloxacin was 96.17% and 98.97% with 10‐fold‐cross validation. In addition, out of twelve, eight drugs have found no false‐positive and false‐negative bacterial strains. Conclusion. The ability to accurately detect antibiotic resistance could help clinicians make educated decisions about empiric therapy based on the local antibiotic resistance pattern. Moreover, infection prevention may have major consequences if such prescribing practices become widespread for human health.
Comparison between Submucosal Tunneling Endoscopic Resection and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Prepyloric Submucosal Tumors: A Case-Matched Controlled Study
Authors: Zhang Wengang , Wang Jiafeng , Chai Ningli , Linghu Enqiang
Published: March 2023

Objectives. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become a well-established treatment method for gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs). However, there existed some challenges to perform ESD for prepyloric SMTs on account of the special location. Recently, submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) provided a novel option for prepyloric SMTs. This study aimed to make a comprehensive comparison between prepyloric STER (P-STER) and ESD for the treatment of prepyloric SMTs. Methods. Patients with prepyloric SMTs undergoing P-STER treatment between January 2016 and October 2021 were retrospectively reviewed and individually matched at 1 : 1 ratio with those with ESD treatment according to lesion size, lesion location, pathologic diagnosis, lesion origin, and surgery date, forming P-STER and ESD group, respectively. A sample size of 12 patients was collected for each group. Treatment outcomes including resection time, en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate, and postoperative hospital stay as well as occurrence of complications were evaluated. Results. Compared with ESD group, P-STER group got shorter resection time (52.50 minutes for ESD group vs. 38.67 minutes for P-STER group,

P
=
0.001

), shorter postoperative hospital stay (7.00 day for ESD group vs. 5.50 day for P-STER group,

P
=
0.008

), and lower rate of postoperative abdominal pain (50.00% for ESD group vs. 8.33% for P-STER group,

P
=
0.025

). No complication was encountered in P-STER group, whereas one patient with postoperative bleeding was found in ESD group. Conclusions. For the treatment of prepyloric SMTs, P-STER appeared to be a more effective endoscopic technique compared with ESD, although further randomized controlled trials were warranted.
Study on Dynamic Behavior of a Titanium Alloy Drill Pipe in Complex Wells
Authors: Wu Yanxian , Guo Yong , Zhang Nan , Peng Xianbo , Lian Zhanghua , Zhao Zhaoyang
Published: March 2023

Traditional steel drill pipes can no longer meet the requirements of complex wells with ultradeep, ultrahigh pressure, and long horizontal section; hence, titanium alloy drill pipes are an ideal substitute. This paper explores how titanium drill pipes behave in complex wells. The extrusion and tensile test of titanium alloy pipe was first established. Then, based on the experimental data, the downhole mechanical behavior of a titanium alloy drill pipe was studied from the buckling, contact force, and operating friction with an actual complex well. Meanwhile, the mechanism of friction reduction is analyzed and discussed. The research achievements indicate that the strength of a titanium alloy drill pipe is equal to that of a steel pipe and has good plastic deformation capacity. The titanium alloy drill pipe is more prone to buckling during operation, but it has a smaller contact force, which can effectively reduce the operation friction. It was found that the influent of buckling on slide force was much less than of the gravity and stiffness by mechanism analysis. The research achievements can provide specific theoretical and practical references for the revelation of the mechanical behavior and functional performance of titanium alloy drill pipe in the field operation.
Statistical Analyses of a Class of Random Pentagonal Chain Networks with respect to Several Topological Properties
Authors: Liu Jia-Bao , Xie Qing , Gu Jiao-Jiao
Published: March 2023

There has been an upsurge of research on complex networks in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to study the mathematical properties of the random pentagonal chain networks

PE

C

n

with the help of graph theory. Based on the networks

PE

C

n

, we first obtain the expected value expressions of the Gutman index, Schultz index, multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff index, and additive degree-Kirchhoff index, and then, we get the explicit expression formulas of their variances. Finally, we find that their limiting distributions all have the probabilistic and statistical significance of normal distribution.
Characterization of Pseudorabies Virus Associated with Severe Respiratory and Neuronal Signs in Old Pigs
Authors: Chen Hongjian , Fan Jie , Sun Xiuxiu , Xie Rui , Song Wenbo , Zhao Yanxia , Yang Ting , Cao Yan , Yu Shengwei , Wei Chunyan , Hua Lin , Wang Xiangru , Chen Huanchun , Peng Zhong , Cheng Guofu , Wu Bin
Published: March 2023

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) represents a leading threat to the global pig industry. Generally, pigs exhibit a pronounced age resistance against PRV, and the virus generally does not cause severe clinical signs and even death in old pigs. However, we characterized two PRV strains (HeN21 and HuB20) associated with severe respiratory and neuronal signs in old pigs. Among these two strains, HeN21 was isolated from the tonsil of a 24-week-old pig that died from severe neuronal and respiratory signs in a PRV-outbreak farm where a commercial PRV attenuated vaccine developed based on a PRV variant was used; while, HuB20 was isolated from the lung and lymph node of a 20-week-old with symptoms in another farm where Bartha-K61 vaccine was used. In vitro evaluations in different cell models demonstrated that HeN21 and HuB20 led to similar cytotoxic effects to those caused by PRV variants on PK-15, Vero, and SK-N-SH cells after 30 hours of inoculation. However, HeN21 possessed a higher titer than the other PRV variants from the first to the fifth passage on PK-15 cells and induced plaques with larger size. In vivo assessments in mouse and fattening pig models showed that inoculations of HeN21 and HuB20 caused higher morbidity and mortality and severe pathological damages in tested animals. In particular, challenge of HeN21 led to severe respiratory and neuronal signs in 90-day-old pigs. These two strains displayed higher virus loads on the main organs of challenged mice and pigs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HeN21 and HuB20 belonged to genotype II. In addition, recombinant events were identified in the genomes of HeN21 and HuB20, and several events were located within genes associated with PRV virulence. Our data herein may suggest the emergence of novel PRV strains in China.
[Retracted] Evaluation Model of Physical Education Teaching Effect Based on AHP Algorithm
Authors: Guo Ziyi , Park ByoungKwon , Huang Xiaobin , Choi SeongBeom
Published: March 2023

The multifaceted sources of physical education teaching factors and the uncertainty of evaluation have an impact on the qualitative and quantitative evaluation results of teaching effects. In order to improve the evaluation accuracy of the physical education teaching effect, the evaluation model of the physical education teaching effect was designed based on the AHP algorithm. The evaluation model is based on monitoring the whole process of teaching. Based on the multifaceted sources of physical education teaching factors and the uncertainty of evaluation, the overall objectives and selects three‐level evaluation indicators were analyzed. The AHP algorithm was used to establish the hierarchical structure and obtained the total ranking and comprehensive score of the hierarchy. The test results show that the teaching evaluation model designed in this paper has an RMSE mean value of 1.923, which has higher evaluation accuracy and is conducive to the improvement of teaching quality.
Simple Prediction Model for Colorectal Serrated Polyps: Development and External Validation Study in U.S. Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Lyu Zhangyan , Hang Dong , He Xiaosheng , Wu Kana , Cao Yin , Rosner Bernard , Chan Andrew T. , Ogino Shuji , Li Ni , Dai Min , Giovannucci Edward L. , Song Mingyang
Published: March 2023

Serrated polyps (SP) are precursors for colorectal cancer and contribute disproportionately to postcolonoscopy cancers. Leveraging three U.S. cohorts (43,974 women and 5,322 men), we developed prediction models for high-risk SPs (sized ≥10 mm or ≥3) among individuals undergoing their first colonoscopy screening. We then validated the model in the Partners Colonoscopy Cohort (51,203 women and 39,077 men). We evaluated discrimination and calibration using the C-statistic and Hosmer–Lemeshow test, respectively. The age and family history model generated a C-statistic [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 0.57 (0.56–0.58) in women and 0.58 (0.55–0.61) in men. Further inclusion of smoking, alcohol, and body mass index (the simple model) increased the C-statistic (95% CI) to 0.68 (0.67–0.69) in women and 0.68 (0.66–0.71) in men (all P < 0.001). Adding more predictors did not provide much incremental predictivity. In the validation cohort, moderate discrimination was observed in both women (0.60, 0.58–0.61) and men (0.60, 0.59–0.62). Notably, the simple model also yielded similar C-statistics for a composite endpoint of SPs and high-risk conventional adenomas (women, 0.62, 0.62–0.63; men, 0.63, 0.61–0.64). The model was adequately calibrated in both sets of cohorts. In summary, we developed and externally validated a simple prediction model based on five major risk factors for high-risk SPs that may be useful for healthy lifestyle recommendations and tailored colorectal cancer screening.

Prevention Relevance:

On the basis of four prospective studies in the United States, we developed and externally validated a simple risk prediction model for high-risk SPs in the setting of colonoscopy screening. Our model showed moderate discriminatory accuracy and has potential utility for individualized risk assessment, healthy lifestyle recommendations, and tailored colorectal cancer prevention.
Paws to Care: Implementation of a Novel Medical Dog Office Hours Program to Foster Pediatric Health Care Staff Resilience and Joy
Authors: Gerson Jennifer S. , Marco Kizzy C. , Staab Jennifer H. , Dixon Cinnamon A.
Published: March 2023

Burnout and resiliency are significant challenges among health care workers. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has shown to improve patient-level outcomes; however, AAT research involving hospital staff is limited. Our novel Medical Dog (“MD”) Office Hours Program aimed to provide support to pediatric hospital staff and explore the program’s impact on burnout. Participant surveys described work role and years of experience, well-being, and emotional/physical descriptions and symptoms. Of 149 participants, 85% endorsed baseline distress/burnout; nearly half had at-risk Well-Being Index scores. Compared with baseline, postintervention participants endorsed significantly fewer negative (more positive) emotions; greater feelings of comfort and energy; and decreased tiredness and pain ( P < .0001). Readiness to return to work scores were high (M = 78.1, SD = 18.4). Our Medical Dog (“MD”) Office Hours Program resulted in improvements in emotional descriptions and physical symptoms among pediatric health care staff. Leveraging AAT among health care staff may help mitigate burnout and increase resiliency.
Impact of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov) Pandemic and Lockdown on Parents and Caregivers in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Shahid Shaneela , Weisz Janet , Florez Ivan D.
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted parents’ and children’s well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its preventive measures on children’s well-being and their parents’ anxiety level. Parents/caregivers were invited to respond to a self-administered survey. The primary outcome was to assess the rate and severity of parental anxiety during the pandemic/lockdown. Four hundred and thirty parents completed the survey. Ninety-two (21%) and 10 (2%) parents reported that their children gained or lost weight during the pandemic, respectively. Eighty-one (19%) parents reported a regression in their children’s developmental milestones, particularly in toileting, speech, and social interaction. The GAD-7 mean scores increased by 2.9 points (95% CI [2.5, 3.25]; P < .001) in comparison with prepandemic scores. Adjusted multivariable analysis showed that having children with psychological conditions and a maternal education level less than a university degree were significantly associated with higher parental anxiety.
Height-Corrected Definition of Metabolic Syndrome Is a Simple and Effective Method for Identifying Insulin Resistance and Low-Grade Inflammation in Adolescents: Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents
Authors: Wu Jia-Hui , Liu Xiao-Li , Lu Na , Wang Rui , Yin Fu-Zai , Lu Qiang , Ma Chun-Ming
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the height-corrected definition of metabolic syndrome(MetS) in adolescents. A retrospective study was conducted on US adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Waist-to-height ratio and blood pressure-to-height ratio were substituted for waist circumference and blood pressure when defining MetS in adolescents. The proportions of insulin resistance of adolescents with 1 (30.1%), 2 (50.7%), and ≥3 components (77.8%) of MetS were 2.578 ( P < .001), 6.882 ( P < .001), and 23.992 ( P < .001) times than the proportion of adolescents without the component of MetS (14.2%). The proportions of low-grade inflammation of adolescents with 1 (3.4%), 2 (5.3%), and ≥3 components (14.4%) of MetS were 2.050 ( P = .106), 3.699 ( P = .005), and 10.664 ( P < .001) times than the proportion of adolescents without the component of MetS (1.7%). This study demonstrates that height-corrected definition of MetS is a simple and accurate method for identifying insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation in adolescents.
The Effect of Serum Electrolyte Levels and Infusion Treatments on the Development of Femoral Central Venous Catheter-Associated Deep Vein Thrombosis in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kocoglu Barlas Ulkem , Ozel Abdulrahman , Yenice Bal Merve , Ozturk Samet
Published: March 2023

In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of symptomatic central venous catheters-associated deep vein thrombosis (CVC-a DVT) among critically ill children with femoral vein implantation in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and to compare the demographic factors, serum electrolyte levels, and types of the infusion treatments performed. A total of 215 patients aged 1 month to 18 years who had femoral CVC implanted between 2019 and 2021 were included in this study. The cases that were clinically symptomatic and had thrombosis diagnosed ultrasonography were accepted as CVC-a DVT (+), and the other cases were considered as CVC-a DVT (-). Of the total 215 cases, 57.2% (n = 123) were female and 42.8% (n = 92) were male. Catheters-associated deep vein thrombosis diagnosis were made in 9.8% of the cases (n = 21). The mean time to diagnose thrombosis in CVC-a DVT (+) cases was 8.33 ± 5.65 days. With regard to gender, age, blood type, intubation status, length of stay on mechanical ventilator, presence of extra hemodialysis catheter, acute and chronic disease status, number of days of PICU hospitalization, and Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 scoring, no significant differences between CVC-a DVT (-) and CVC-a DVT (+) cases were observed ( P > .05). The incidence of thrombosis in refugee cases was found to be significantly higher than in Turkish cases ( P = .047; P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in baseline, mean, and peak glucose, sodium, and magnesium values and who received magnesium, blood product, inotrope, and 3% hypertonic saline (HTS) infusion ( P > .05). No effect of serum glucose, sodium, and magnesium levels on the development of CVC-a DVT was found. Magnesium, blood product, inotrope, and 3% HTS infusion treatments have not been shown to have an effect on the development of CVC-a DVT.
Drivers and risk factors of German local financial sustainability focusing on adjusted income
Authors: Frintrup Markus , Hilgers Dennis
Published: March 2023

Analysing the financial sustainability of local governments is of great interest, as they offer a wide range of services and are close to citizens. Various organizations have pointed out the need to analyse the determinants of financial sustainability, and recent research has focused on several European countries, using adjusted income as a dependent variable. To fill the research gap in the context of German local governments, we conduct an empirical analysis with 5 years of data from 363 local governments from North Rhine–Westphalia to analyse the impact of socio-demographic and financial-economic factors on financial sustainability, focusing on the adjusted income. Our results indicate that financial sustainability is influenced by factors on which the local governments have no impact or at least only a limited impact. Specifically, the debt level and the level of population are identified as risk factors, whereas own taxes, rate support grants and the net cash surplus serve as drivers of financial sustainability.

Points for practitioners

Understanding the determinants of financial sustainability is important for politicians and public managers in order to improve their risk management and decision-making processes and to prevent future sustainability problems. This paper identifies several socio-demographic and financial-economic determinants of FS, on which the local governments have only a limited impact. Considering that the financial sustainability of German local governments in North Rhine–Westphalia largely depends on external factors might be of great interest for policymakers with regard to future financial crises.
Multi-response optimization of crashworthy performance of perforated thin walled tubes
Authors: Alshahrani Hassan , Sebaey Tamer A , Awd Allah Mahmoud M , Abd El-baky Marwa A
Published: March 2023

It is advised to add cuts as circular holes to constructions’ walls for technical requirements such as the assembly and to reduce the weight. Since these induced cutouts have a substantial influence on crashworthiness and failure mechanisms, the size, location, and number of these cutouts should be carefully selected for energy absorption components. This research concentrates on the optimization of process parameters for the crushing performance of perforated thin-walled glass/epoxy (GFRP) square tubes. Taguchi model was adapted to formulate the design of the experiment while desirability function analysis (DFA) was used for process parameters optimization in terms of crashworthiness indicators. Test specimens were fabricated via wet warping by hand lay-up technique and tested under quasi-static axial crushing. Finally, the specimen yielding the optimum process parameter combination was compared with the intact sample. GFRP samples with circular holes exhibit optimum initial peak force ([Formula: see text]) and total absorbed energy [Formula: see text] with values of 38.35 and 4.47 % which are smaller than those of the intact samples. On contrary, the optimum specific absorbed energy [Formula: see text] and crush force efficiency ([Formula: see text]) present, respectively, 31.08 and 80.28 % greater than those of intact one. The considered process parameters were noticed to be of substantial influences on the crush behavior of perforated GFRP tubes exposed to axial compression.
The Editor’s Note: Prepared for what?
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: March 2023

A 2022 survey showed that Americans see career preparation as a higher priority for schools than college preparation, making career and technical education (CTE) increasingly relevant. Teresa Preston previews the March 2023 issue of Kappan, focused on CTE. The issue explores the outcomes of CTE programs and what potential benefits of CTE programs might be for students.
Putting evidence on CTE to work
Authors: Dougherty Shaun M.
Published: March 2023

Policy makers have taken more interest in career and technical education (CTE) in recent years, but evidence regarding what kinds of programs produce the most important outcomes is still emerging. Shaun M. Dougherty summarizes what recent research tells us about the impact of these programs. Evidence has shown that CTE-dedicated schools, career academies, and programs linked to workforce needs can improve high school graduation rates and workforce earnings, but research is still emerging on how well CTE programs prepare students for postsecondary education. Most of the recent research has not focused on equity in CTE programs, and educators must remain vigilant to ensure equitable access and outcomes.
We need to know more about CTE teachers
Authors: Anglum J. Cameron , Diemer Andrew R. , Ecton Walter G. , Nguyen Tuan D.
Published: March 2023

Over the past year, debates over the prevalence, distribution, and effects of teacher vacancy and underqualification have dominated many education narratives. Authors J. Cameron Anglum, Andrew R. Diemer, Walter G. Ecton, and Tuan D. Nguyen consider these debates in the context of growing interest in career and technical education (CTE) in high school settings. Research on secondary CTE teachers, including the quantification of teacher shortages in specific CTE content areas, remains insufficient to inform effective recruitment and retention policies. This dearth of scholarship on CTE teachers undermines the improvement of CTE programs.
Mochilas of excellence
Authors: Rodriguez Louie F.
Published: March 2023

For decades, the education system has struggled to serve Latinx students, viewing them in a way that focuses on their deficits. However, Latinx scholars have proposed a series of asset-based frameworks to reframe and reshape how we see and treat Latinx students in the U.S. system. Using the Dora the Explorer’s mochila (backpack) as a metaphor to capture the assets Latinx students bring to the classroom, Louie Rodriguez proposes that teachers think of Latinx students as carrying mochilas of excellence into the classroom. This framing encourages educators to recognize and develop Latinx student agency and help them realize the power and promise of education in their lives.
On Leadership: A value proposition for a new era
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: March 2023

Events of recent years have led many students and parents alike to question why schools work the way that they do. Students have asked why they should have to come to class when they can do the work at home. Community members have questioned why students are having to learn about contentious issues. While not all of questions are equally valid, education leaders have a responsibility to provide some kind of answer. Joshua P. Starr suggests that the answer comes down to ensuring that the value proposition for schools is clear. And in this new era, the development of community may be among the most important value propositions for public schools.