bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who are the students at community colleges and proprietary schools?
Authors: Cheng Xing David , Levin Bernard H.
Published: October 2006

It appears that community college and proprietaly school students differed more in the past than they do now; proprietary not‐ for‐ profit institutions may contribute to the apparent convergence.
Ties that bind: Default, accreditation, and articulation
Authors: Prager Carolyn
Published: October 2006

The author shows default, accreditation, and articulation to be powerful external factors that operate to force proprietary schools to become more like community colleges.
Bunker hill community college: A common experience for lifelong learning
Authors: Smutek Malinda M.
Published: October 2006

General education serves the Bunker Hill community College learning community as an academic commons where students from diversely rich cultural and linguistic backgrounds can come together and share
common intellectual experiences.
Miami‐dade community college: Applications at the wolfson campus
Authors: Padrón Eduardo J. , Levitt Ted
Published: October 2006

A brief review of the collegewide general education program provides a context for the discussion of specfic applications at the Wolfson Campus that have enriched the scope of the program.
Additional sources of information
Authors: Higginbottom George , Romano Richard M.
Published: October 2006

The editors cite additional references that match the most common learning goals mentioned in the eight general education plans in this volume.
Commitment to community: Service learning at Miami‐Dade community college
Authors: Exley Robert J.
Published: October 2006

The Partners in Action and Learning project is an example of Miami‐Dade Community College's efforts to promote service learning on campus. Results from student satisfaction surveys reveal information on the motives and effects of service learning on students.
In good company: A ten‐year odyssey in pursuit of civic purpose
Authors: Ottenritter Nan , Parsons Michael H.
Published: October 2006

In 1986, Hagerstown Junior College embarked on a ten‐year process of renewal. Through community‐based programming and the facilitation of community problem solving, the college redefined its civic purpose and formulated and executed an action agenda that will lead the college into the twenty‐first century.
Integrating service into a multicultural writing curriculum
Authors: Franco Robert W.
Published: October 2006

In 1995 Kapi'olani Community College was awarded grant funds to integrate service into the multicultural writing curriculum. This service learning program focuses on service as the civic responsibility of an educated citizenry and explores how values of service are reflected in contemporary Hawai'i's multicultural society.
Paradox and promise: Leadership and the neglected minorities
Authors: Vaughan George B.
Published: October 2006

For a number of reasons, community colleges have not achieved the same degree of diversity among their leaders as they have among their students. This paradox must be reconciled if these colleges are to reflect the same diversity in their leaders as in their students.
Educating future community college leaders as skilled writers: Focusing the debate
Authors: Vaughan George B. , Scott Barbara
Published: October 2006

The authors focus the debate on educating future community college leaders by asserting the importance of writing skills.
The role of professional associations in developing academic and administrative leaders
Authors: Laden Berta Vigil
Published: October 2006

Professional associations complement the theoretical education provided by university graduate programs, helping new and aspiring administrators hone practical skills and develop career networks.
Professors as leaders within the community college movement
Authors: Baker George A.
Published: October 2006

The professoriate of graduate programs that prepare community college leaders has employed the traditional roles of scholarship, teaching, and service to influence practitioners. This analysis links the halcyon past to the quality‐oriented future, concluding that it is no time to rest on our laurels.
The transactional relationship between university professors and community college leaders
Authors: Palmer James C.
Published: October 2006

Professors of community college education work with and study a particular institution, but they are not of the institution per se. They serve community college educators best by avoiding advocacy, understanding the limited vocational utility of university studies, and providing intellectual frameworks that prevent the institution from becoming an end unto itself.
The role of the state in transfer and articulation
Authors: Robertson Piedad F. , Frier Ted
Published: October 2006

In order to ensure that higher education institutions provide the most education for the money they are allocated, it is important for states to determine policy to encourage cooperation and reduce redundancy in educational missions.
Moving toward collaboration in transfer and articulation
Authors: Knoell Dorothy M.
Published: October 2006

Current events deeply influence educational institutions. New collaborative articulation and transfer programs between two‐ and four‐year institutions may be required to best meet the educational need of students.
Transfer and articulation policies: Implications for practice
Authors: Rifkin Tronie
Published: October 2006

This chapter discusses the underlying implications of transfer and articulation policy on the activities that take place at the local level—the individual community college.
Transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure using the premere PFO occlusion system
Authors: Donti Andrea , Giardini Alessandro , Salomone Luisa , Formigari Roberto , Picchio Fernando M.
Published: October 2006

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy profile of the new Premere patent foramen ovale (PFO) occlusion system. Background: Several different devices have been used so far for transcatheter PFO closure but no data has been published so far on the efficacy and safety of the Premere PFO occlusion system. Methods: Since September 2005, 15 patients (seven males, eight females; mean age 51.2 ± 10.8 years) at our institution underwent transcatheter PFO closure because of cryptogenic stroke, using the Premere PFO occlusion system. The procedure was performed under fluoroscopic and transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) guidance in all patients. Seven patients (47%) had an associated atrial septal aneurysm and two patients had had >1 stroke. Five patients (33%) had an associated thrombophilia, whereas three patients (20%) had a diagnosis of migraine headache with aura, by the referring neurologist. Residual shunt was assessed immediately after and 1 month (only in 11 patients) after the procedure by both transcranial Doppler and TEE. Results: Premere PFO devices could be implanted in all patients (20 mm size in seven patients, 25 mm size in eight). Fluoroscopy time was 7.3 ± 1.9 and procedural time was 11 ± 3 min (range 7–17 min), reflecting our initial learning curve with this device. No complication occurred during the procedure or at follow‐up. A residual shunt was noted immediately after the procedure in eight patients (53%) and at 1 month in 4/11 patients (36%). Residual shunt was mild in all patients. After a median follow‐up of 4.2 months (0.2–5.8 months), no patient had a recurrent stroke. All patients with migraine headache with aura had resolution of symptoms. Conclusions: Our preliminary experience with the Premere PFO occlusion system shows that this device is safe and effective. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the First Polyarsenic Organic Compound from Nature: Arsenicin A from the New Caledonian Marine Sponge Echinochalina bargibanti
Authors: Mancini Ines , Guella Graziano , Frostin Maryvonne , Hnawia Edouard , Laurent Dominique , Debitus Cecile , Pietra Francesco
Published: October 2006

Reported here is the first polyarsenic compound ever found in nature. Denominated arsenicin A, it was isolated along a bioassay‐guided fractionation of the organic extract of the poecilosclerid sponge Echinochalina bargibanti collected from the north‐eastern coast of New Caledonia. In defining an adamantine‐type polyarsenic structure for this compound, deceptively simple NMR spectra were complemented by extensive mass spectral analysis. However, it was only the synthesis of a model compound that provided the basis to discriminate structure 4 from other spectrally compatible structures for arsenicin A; to this end, a comparative ab initio simulation of IR spectra for the natural and the synthetic compounds was decisive. Arsenicin A is endowed with potent bactericidal and fungicidal activities on human pathogenic strains. All this may revive pharmacological interest in arsenic compounds while prompting us to rethink the arsenic cycle in nature.
Neoplastic stem cells: A novel therapeutic target in clinical oncology
Authors: Schulenburg Axel , Ulrich‐Pur Herbert , Thurnher Dietmar , Erovic Boban , Florian Stefan , Sperr Wolfgang R. , Kalhs Peter , Marian Brigitte , Wrba Friedrich , Zielinski Christoph C. , Valent Peter
Published: October 2006

Cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Despite recent advances, most therapeutic approaches fail to eradicate the entire neoplastic clone. The remaining cells often develop metastasis and/or recurrences and therefore may represent attractive targets of therapy. A new exciting concept in this regard suggests that each neoplasm represents a heterogeneous population of cells that pertain to long‐term tumor growth both in vivo in the natural host and in experimental animals. This concept postulates the existence of small fractions of ‘tumor stem cells’ that exhibit a capacity for self‐renewal and unlimited growth and therefore are distinct from their progeny. Based on these hypotheses, the targeting of neoplastic stem cells is considered indispensable for eradication of the entire clone and for the development of curative treatment approaches. However, tumor stem cells often may be quiescent cells and may express a different profile of targets compared with ‘more mature’ tumor cells. Therefore, current efforts have attempted to characterize target expression profiles in cancer stem cells in various malignancies. In the this review, the authors have provided a brief summary of the current knowledge of neoplastic stem cells and the application of respective concepts in translational oncology with the ultimate objective of improving anticancer therapy. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Origin and characteristics of glycogen cells in the developing murine placenta
Authors: Coan P.M. , Conroy N. , Burton G.J. , Ferguson‐Smith A.C.
Published: October 2006

The junctional zone (Jz) of the mouse placenta consists of two main trophoblast populations, spongiotrophoblasts and glycogen cells (GCs), but the development and function of both cell types are unknown. We conducted a quantitative analysis of GC size, number, and invasion of cells into the decidua across gestation. Furthermore, we identified markers of GC function to investigate their possible roles in the placenta. While the spongiotrophoblast cell volume doubles, and cell number increases steadily from E12.5 to E16.5, there is a remarkable 80‐fold increase in GC numbers. This finding is followed by a notable decrease by E18.5. Surprisingly, the accumulation of GCs in the decidua did not fully account for the decrease in GC number in the Jz, suggesting loss of GCs from the placenta. Glucagons were detected on GCs, suggesting a steady glucose release throughout gestation. Connexin31 staining was shown to be specific for GCs. GC migration and invasion may be facilitated by temporally regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and the imprinted gene product, Decorin. Expression of the clearance receptor for type II insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐II), IGF2R, in a short developmental window before E16.5 may be associated with regulating the growth effects of IGF‐II from glycogen cells and/or labyrinthine trophoblast on the expansion of the Jz. Thus stereology and immunohistochemistry have provided useful insights into Jz development and function of the glycogen cells. Developmental Dynamics 235:3280–3294, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The crisis of the scholarly enterprise
Authors: Dresch Stephen P.
Published: October 2006

While the individual elements of the crisis of the scholarly enterprise have appeared before, they have not been integrated into a comprehensive view of the emerging future. Such a view is attempted here.
The college and its region
Authors: Henderson Vivian W.
Published: October 2006

How the transformation of an institution's environment, as illustrated by changes in the South, requires the reformation of its educational programs.
Learning contracts at new college, Sarasota
Authors: Feeney James , Riley Gresham
Published: October 2006

How learning contracts shift authority from institutions to individuals, as revealed by three years of experience with the contract system at Florida's New College.
Developing intellectual competence at Empire State
Authors: Chickering Arthur W.
Published: October 2006

How contracts can be used to develop intellectual competence, with examples from SUNY's non‐campus college and student evaluations of its contract learning program.
Bringing about change in a traditional university
Authors: Berte Neal R.
Published: October 2006

Effects of contract learning on students, faculty, New College, and the total University of Alabama.
Graduate and professional education: An incisive look at dentistry
Authors: Nyre Glenn F. , Xhonga Frida A.
Published: October 2006

The proportion of women in graduate and professional education can be dramatically increased if active outreach programs are undertaken.
Leadership training
Authors: Kaye Beverly L. , Scheele Adele M.
Published: October 2006

In order to overcome their conditioned attitudes of passivity and compliance, women need to learn not only problem solving and decision making but specific technical and managerial skills.
Innovative programs and curricula
Authors: Martin Edwin P.
Published: October 2006

A summary of current curricular innovations, together with an analysis of the problems confronting their innovators.
Institutional services for teaching improvement
Authors: Lindquist Jack
Published: October 2006

Four different models of teaching improvement now in use each contain helpful ideas, but a full‐fledged teaching improvement program must build on all four of them.
Paying attention to governmental affairs
Authors: Honey John C.
Published: October 2006

Governments, through policies and funding, are central to postsecondary education, yet they are largely ignored by academia. Here is an eight‐step agenda for institutions to change this situation.
Clarifying roles and purposes
Authors: El‐khawas Elaine H.
Published: October 2006

Although the federal government should focus more sharply on preventing abuses, responsibility for assuring program quality and providing better information should remain with the private sector.
The greening of schooling
Authors: Sheffield James R.
Published: October 2006

An examination of nonformal and formal education roles and formats with specific illustrations from the African continent.
Empire state college: Can there be an experimenting college?
Authors: Lindquist Jack
Published: October 2006

How SUNY's Empire State College has sought to be an experimenting institution, despite the financial problems of New York State.
The how and why of evaluating teaching
Authors: Centra John A.
Published: October 2006

Various means of evaluating teaching are discussed along with the pros and cons of wing each method for improving teaching or making personnel decisions.
Service as learning, life‐style, and faculty function
Authors: Duley John
Published: October 2006

Examples of service‐learning a t Stanford and hfichigan State illustrate one dimension of the service function and point to two other dimensions as life‐style possibilities for students and career goals for faculty.
The educational integrity of community service and the need for federal support
Authors: Eberly Donald J.
Published: October 2006

If full‐time service experience is important to the makration of young people, then federal support for service‐learning is imperative, because most young people require financial support to underwrite their service.
Comprehensive planning in higher education
Authors: Freeman Jack E.
Published: October 2006

A reuiew of current planning imperatives, trends, and poblerm, culminates in a set of guiding pinciptes.
The new clothes of liberal education
Authors: Sandin Robert T.
Published: October 2006

The death of liberal education is assured if colleges and universities continue their present course. New models, consistent with traditional deals yet suited to present realities, are needed.
The role of academic programs in institutional marketing
Authors: Brown John Anthony
Published: October 2006

Interpreting and promoting a colleg's program‐in other words, “marketing” the program—is as important as the content and stwture of the program in winning students to an institution and in keeping them there.
Identifying and expanding the desirable student pool
Authors: Mudie Herbert C.
Published: October 2006

Rerearch on the characteristics ofan institution's current students is thefirst step in locating and successfully attratting new students.
Evaluating the academic dean
Authors: Rasmussen Glen R.
Published: October 2006

The system proposed here for evaluating the academic dean takes into account the values of each respondent, providing valuable information in any setting.
Presidential assessment and development
Authors: Kauffman Joseph F.
Published: October 2006

Formal evaluation of presidents must take into account the special nature and needs of that role today or the process could prove counterproductive.
Academic administrative internships
Authors: Stauffer Thomas M.
Published: October 2006

Internships for university administrators provide a method of training which maintains professional mlality provides the individual with meaningful experience, and prepares future leaders for the academy.
Alternative admissions programs
Authors: Fuller Bruce , McNamara Patricia P. , Green Kenneth C.
Published: October 2006

The Supreme Court's recent Bakke decision clearly stated what institutions could not do regarding the use of race and ethnicity in admissions. Several institutions have developed alternative admissions policies which, while not entirely color‐blind, focus on assessing individual applicant disadvantagement rather than ethnic or racial group membership.
The student experience
Authors: Green Kenneth C. , McNamara Patricia P.
Published: October 2006

To understand the experience of minority students in graduate school requires moving beyond traditional quantitative data and actually listening to them voice their concerns.
The minority pipeline: Minorities at different educational transition points
Authors: Henson James W. , Astin Alexander W.
Published: October 2006

Increasing the participation of minority groups at lower educational levels appears to offer substantially greater potential for eventually increasing the representation of minorities in graduate and professional schools than do changes in graduate and professional school admissions procedures.
What Bakke leaves to the states: Preliminary thoughts
Authors: O'neil Robert M.
Published: October 2006

Justice Powell's leading opinion in the Bakke case stressed educational diversity over state responsibility. However, even when “diversification” fails as a goal, the desire to overcome the effects of past discrimination may nonetheless avail.
Bakke and “qualified” undergraduates
Authors: Donovan Richard A.
Published: October 2006

If only to prepare themselves for possible court challenges, colleges will have to discover or design additional, racially neutral ways to measure a student's aptitude.
Curricular change in a large university
Authors: Armour Rollin S. , Littleton Taylor D.
Published: October 2006

Auburn University, a growing land‐grant institution in Alabama, has developed two curricular programs to reinforce personalized and crossdisciplinary learning that were threatened by its large size and scholarly compartmentalization.
Teaching improvement in a small college
Authors: Redditt Paul I. , Hamilton William T.
Published: October 2006

Otterbein College has institutionalized a multifaceted program of faculty development that includes encouraging creativity, guiding faculty self assessment of teaching, and improving academic advising.
Faculty development yesterday, today, and tomorrow
Authors: Gaff Jerry G. , Justice David O.
Published: October 2006

It i s time to recognize faculty development as an important new human technology for achieving educational improvement, indiuidml development, and institutional renewal.
Ethical issues in recruiting students
Authors: Fiske Edward B.
Published: October 2006

Examines abwes and unethical practices in the recruitment of students.
Dynamics of planning: Strategic approaches and higher education
Authors: Balderston Frederick E.
Published: October 2006

Large business organizations use several types of models or schemes for strategic planning. These are briefly described, and their usefulness for colleges and universities evaluated.
The systems approach, incentive relations, and university management
Authors: Backoff Robert W. , Mitnick Barry M.
Published: October 2006

Applications of the systems approach in the form of systems technologies have a mixed record in the management of universities and other organizations and have sometimes been identified with the much broader general systems approach. This chapter critically reviews some of the major issues in the challenges to the general systems approach, argues that uses of that approach may not suffer the faults attributed to the systems technologies, and, as an illustration of thekinds of useful systems models that may be developed, presents an incentive systems model and orgues in utility in university settings.
Modeling for insight, not numbers
Authors: Bloomfield Stefan D. , Updegrove Daniel A.
Published: October 2006

Recent experience in higher education indicates that modeling can be used effectively without compromising academic values. In fact, college and university administrators are finding that models can be learning devices as well as decision‐making aids.
Not what it's cracked up to be
Authors: Trachtenberg Stephen J.
Published: October 2006

The frustrations of collefe and university presidmts r@ect a miis in the idea of academic haahhip.
Process issues in state‐level program reviews
Authors: Wallhaus Robert A.
Published: October 2006

Differences in state‐level program review processes can be explained in terms of six key design decisions and the implementation environment.
Concluding statement and additional readings
Authors: Wilson Richard F.
Published: October 2006

Those responsible for monitoring evaluation systems should be aware of contributions that not only are immediate and observable but also are delayed, unintended, and obscured.
Computer modeling for comparative financial assessment
Authors: Updegrove Daniel A.
Published: October 2006

Users of financial planning models may soon enjoy the benefits of comparative financial assessments.
What the new indicators cannot tell us
Authors: Kramer Martin
Published: October 2006

The development of standard measures of financial health and distress should not mislead anyone into thinking that there are common yardsticks for measuring the potentials of each college and university for survival and vitality.
What the academic librarian wants from administrators and faculty
Authors: Moffett William A.
Published: October 2006

Everybody knows that libraries need more money, but an even greater need, librarians say, is for understanding.
Collection development: The link between scholarship and library resources
Authors: Osburn Charles B.
Published: October 2006

No longer can the academic community afford to assume that the development of library collections and information sources automatically and unobtrusively adapts itself to the changing needs of scholarship.
Preservation: The forgotten problem
Authors: Battin Patricia
Published: October 2006

Continuing disintegration of portions of our research collections printed on unstable paper threatens our national capacity for productive scholarship. Effective solutions will require a heightened awareness of the basic fragility of the modern book and a coalition of scholars, university administrators, and librarians committed to cooperative action on a national scale.

Preservation of printed matter is, I think, the great forgotton problem of our age. It has been forgotten, not by specialists and librarians, but, to a surprising extent, by scholars, men of affairs, and those who use the materials of civilization.
Professionalism and productivity: Keys to the future of academic library and information services
Authors: Abell Millicent D. , Coolman Jacqueline M.
Published: October 2006

The solution to the problems of information overload and the management of scholarly information lies in productive use of technology, sharper focus and greater integration in handling information, and expansion of the roles of academic library staff.
Additional readings
Authors: Seibert Karen S.
Published: October 2006

Sources of additional assistance are provided.
New realities for financial aid
Authors: Gibson R. Jerrold
Published: October 2006

Financial aid planning will have a growing effect on the composition of the student body.
Fifteen ways to stretch scarce student aid
Authors: Hodgkinson Virginia
Published: October 2006

There are variants in the packaging and targeting of student aid that may be more effective in reaching an institution's objectives than those that were held appropriate in the period of abundant aid dollars.
Lifting as we climb: Networks for minority women
Authors: Wilkerson Margaret B.
Published: October 2006

Networks for minority women provide information, support, and an arena where minority issues can take priority on the agenda.
Graduate programs in schools of education: Facing tomorrow, today
Authors: Schneider Barbara L.
Published: October 2006

The power and authority of the graduate school can profoundly affect the quality of graduate programs in schools of education and the freedom to innovate them.
Opportunities for new careers: The academic in the world of business
Authors: Kersey Clinton W.
Published: October 2006

Now more than ever, there is a place for the well‐educated individual in business and industry; the problem lies in breaking down the long‐established barriers between academia and business.
Traditional tests for nontraditional students
Authors: Khoury Bernard V.
Published: October 2006

Tests of knowledge and skills will reflect new content and new technologies in response to dramatic changes in learning environments.
Participatory leadership strategy
Authors: Moomaw W. Edmund
Published: October 2006

The chief academic officer must know how to initiate a process of change.
Strategies for faculty development
Authors: Hynes William J.
Published: October 2006

The highly successful Career Redirection Program of Regis College is described and placed in the context of a multiple‐option faculty development program, with its accompanying theoretical rationale.
The process of academic governance and the painful choices of the 1980s
Authors: Mortimer Kenneth P. , Caruso Annette C.
Published: October 2006

Reallocation of positive reductions in staffing and urgent retrenchments will require a consistently open process.
Using the instructional budget to maintain quality
Authors: Young Christine A.
Published: October 2006

If properly handled, reallocation can provide a rich opportunity for enhancing quality, but there is no easy way to reallocate resources.
Budgeting for academic quality: Structures and strategies
Authors: Jones Dennis
Published: October 2006

If operational priorities are explicit, the budget can become an effective tool for the enhancement of quality.
Assessment of quality for accountability
Authors: Folger John
Published: October 2006

If accountability shifts from compliance with rules to demonstration of progress, policy and institutional interests may be better served.
Establishing an environmental scanning process
Authors: Morrison James L.
Published: October 2006

Participation in a scanning process enables academic leaders to achieve a shared perspective on possible futures for the institution.
Managing self‐renewal
Authors: Cameron Kim
Published: October 2006

Successful strategies often take into account the apparently incompatible strengths and opportunities of the institution.
Institutional renewal: What the corporate model can't tell you
Authors: Davis Ralph M.
Published: October 2006

Are characteristics of the successful company enough to ensure the renewal of colleges and universities?
Computerized systems: Centralized or decentralized?
Authors: Seitz Linda Ludington
Published: October 2006

Do you want to save big money on computerized management information systems at your campus? Be prepared to anticipate, plan, and prevent.
Can we choose a management style?
Authors: James Thomas O.
Published: October 2006

Can we choose our management style? What options does the corporate and administrative literature offer?
Faculty vitality: The professional context
Authors: Toombs William
Published: October 2006

The institution, the disciplines, and the academic profession as a whole comprise a context that can enhance‐or inhibitvitality.
Concluding comments
Authors: Baldwin Roger G.
Published: October 2006

The editor offers closing comments.
Perspectives on pricing
Authors: Litten Larry H.
Published: October 2006

The influence of price on enrollments is not just a function of the explicit tuition charged.
Concluding observations
Authors: Steeples Douglas W.
Published: October 2006

Complex problem require comprehensive and complex solutions. The eight achieving colleges treated in this volume Overcame crises by employing multiple strategies for recovery.
Recognizing problems in state universities
Authors: Ping Charles J.
Published: October 2006

Recognizing problems in state universities involves a critical analysis of both internal and external environments and the need to translate this analysis into policy decisions.
The crisis prevention analysis model
Authors: Hoverland Hal , McInturff Pat , Rohm C. E. Tapie
Published: October 2006

Many universities are facing serious financial problems. The Crisis Prevention Analysis model offers a framework to analyze problems simply and quickly.
A system for constraint removal
Authors: Parker Reese
Published: October 2006

The use of a systematic constraint removal process should be an integral part of change strategies in higher education and should be incorporated into the decision process.
The human factor for optimal solutions
Authors: Bothwell Lin
Published: October 2006

There are practical steps that educational institutions can take now to enhance self‐reliant employees, employees who will provide productivity instead of problems and create organizational excellence.
Field experience, practicums, and internships
Authors: Witucke Virginia
Published: October 2006

Fieldwork is a dynamic learning mode for any school or curriculum willing to make a commitment of imagination and resources.
The college market
Authors: Tucker Marc S.
Published: October 2006

The changing economy may in time produce fundamental changes in the market for higher education.
Concluding notes and further readings
Authors: Rehnke Mary Ann F.
Published: October 2006

The editor summarizes the ideas in this volume.
Tax‐exempt leasing for colleges and universities
Authors: Eden C. Gregory H.
Published: October 2006

Tax‐exempt leasing is emerging as an attractive and practical option for financing equipment and facilities.
Financing tuition: Are prepayment plans the right answer?
Authors: Hart Loren
Published: October 2006

Because higher education is becoming more expensive every year, there is a qeat need for new methods of financing.
Establishing a campus‐based assessment program
Authors: Ewell Peter T.
Published: October 2006

Determining an appropriate assessment approach is an art that dependens on clear knowledge of what is intended, solid research about available instruments and about the experiences of other institutions, and an accurate diagnosis of the local organixutional and political climate.
A state university perspective on student outcomes assessment
Authors: Vandament William E.
Published: October 2006

When a state seeks to improve the quality of higher education through mundatosy assessment oof Student learning, it is necessusy to examine existing quality‐crssutance mechanism and to consider the utility of models providing more comprehensive data.
Outcomes assessment in the california master plan
Authors: Kerschner Lee
Published: October 2006

Changing demographics, public expectations, and economic circumstances mean that traditional measures of postsecondary educational quality‐inputs to the system‐may need to be supplemented.
Assessment, value‐added, and educational excellence
Authors: Astin Alexander W.
Published: October 2006

The main problem with traditional views of excellence is that they do not directly address higher education's most fundamental purpose: the education of students.
Findings from the COFHE studies
Authors: Montgomery Sarah
Published: October 2006

The results of the COFHE studies on the effects of raising the mandatory retirement age from sixty‐five to seventy are presented.
Undergraduate curriculum 2000
Authors: Levine Arthur
Published: October 2006

Future‐directed liberal education that will prepare students for effective living is the major challenge for higher education today.
Demystifying assessment: Learning from the field of evaluation
Authors: Davis Barbara Gross
Published: October 2006

The challenge confronting those undertaking assessment efforts is to make use of the extensive body of knowledge and good practices developed within the field of evaluation.
An organizational perspective for the effective practice of assessment
Authors: Roger Sell G.
Published: October 2006

A challenging aspect of assessment for administrators and faculty is to maintain a proper emphasis on assessment used for accountability versus assessment used for the continuing development and improvement of performance.
Higher education cannot escape history: The 1990s
Authors: Kerr Clark
Published: October 2006

The 1990s will be a decade of major changes and conflicts, the scenarios of which are rooted in history, often external in origin, and sometimes beyond direct control of higher education.
Bridging the gap between expectations and realities
Authors: Amey Marilyn J.
Published: October 2006

While administrators at every level experience at least some role conflict and role ambiguity while they acclimate to their new jobs, if the dissonance is left unresolved, it can lead to lower job satisfaction and self‐confidence, higher job tension and psychological strain, and greater feelings of futility and anxiety.
Administrative careers and the marketplace: Toward the year 2000
Authors: Moore Kathryn M. , Twombly Susan B.
Published: October 2006

In order to grasp fully the opportunity for growth and development in academic administration, it is important to put higher education within a much larger framework: the global information society.
Changing priorities and the faculty reward system
Authors: Diamond Robert M.
Published: October 2006

Institutional change is a challenging task best undertaken systematically and thoughtfully, with respect for individual differences and the complexity of the worlds within and surrounding the academy.
The cost of general education
Authors: Lisensky Robert P.
Published: October 2006

General education, often a cash cow for arts and sciences departments, can be ineffective and mask high costs in the departments' major programs.
The development of reflective thinking in the college years: The mixed results
Authors: King Patricia M. , Kitchener Karen Strohm
Published: October 2006

This chapter describes evidence on how college students become increasingly able to reason about complex problems and discusses its implications for strengthening teaching and learning in the major.

Basically, you learn two kinds of things in college: Thingsyou will need to know in later life (2 hours) … and Things you will not need to know in later life (1198 hours). These are the things you learn in classes whose names end in “ology,” “osophy,” “istry,” “ics,” and so on. The idea is, you memorize these things, then write them down in little exam books, then forget them. If you fail to forget them, you become a professor and have to stay in college for the rest of your life.
Toward a richer vision: The AAC challenge
Authors: Schneider Carol Geary
Published: October 2006

The American Association of Colleges' (AAC) analysis of the major as liberal learning argues each major's obligation to serve as a temporary learning community for its students, simultaneously fostering focused inquiry and the capacity to engage in integrative learning.
Part one: What is liberal education? The nature of liberal education today
Authors: Hill Barbara A.
Published: October 2006

Liberal education goes beyond skill development to development of the values of justice and magnanimity.
The conceptual clash of liberal education and public policy
Authors: Thelin John R.
Published: October 2006

Government policies for the support of colleges and universities give little attention to the distinctive claims of the liberal arts.
Value‐added education: A president's perspective
Authors: Thor Linda M.
Published: October 2006

Total quality management can reduce costs, increase employee involvement, change an institution's culture, and add intrinsic value to the education received by each student.
Creating a culture of leadership
Authors: Lewis Phyllis H.
Published: October 2006

In financially troubled times, leadership by individuals is not enough; the campus must develop a culture of leadership.
Staff training and development programs
Authors: Lewis Phyllis H. , Cavalier Jamie C. , Hantman Rosalyn , Waechter William F. , Yamakawa Allan H.
Published: October 2006

Training and development programs directed to staff represent an institutional investment in the skills and careers of nonacademic personnel.
How total quality management initiatives can inspire leadership
Authors: Westerman Sylvia
Published: October 2006

Some universities have responded to the need for leadership and staff development activities as the result of or as part of the quality improvement movement.
Academic freedom, professionalism, and intramural speech
Authors: Rabban David M.
Published: October 2006

The sphere of academic freedom is not equivalent to that of freedom of expression, but derives from and is limited to faculty professional responsibilities, including participation in academic governance.
Finding a balance
Authors: Gordon Milton A. , Gordon Margaret F.
Published: October 2006

New presidents are inundated with requests for their time, with the result that their private life is sacrificed for their job.
Financial stress and the need for change
Authors: Lissner L. Scott , Taylor Alton L.
Published: October 2006

Reduced funding in higher education calls for new ways of seeking and using resources.
Responses to reduced state funding
Authors: Phillips E. Clorisa , Morell Christina , Chronister Jay L.
Published: October 2006

Strategies of public institutions increasingly resemble those of private enterprises.
Campus crime, college policy, and federal laws and regulations
Authors: Gehring Donald D.
Published: October 2006

Government now makes highly specific demands for disclosure of crime risks.
Rescinding offers of admissions when prior criminality is revealed
Authors: Stokes Jerome W. D. , Groves Allen W.
Published: October 2006

The admitted student with a criminal past poses special dilemmas.
Problems in evaluating statewide boards
Authors: Berdahl Robert O.
Published: October 2006

The time has come to try to develop criteria and procedures by which state boards of higher education, usually the “judges,” can themselves be formally evaluated.
Evaluating planning by statewide boards
Authors: Callan Patrick M.
Published: October 2006

The scope and quality of statewide planning constitute important indicators of effectiveness and should be evaluated in terms of process as well as outcomes.
Can state systems adapt models of business decentralization?
Authors: Harcleroad Fred F.
Published: October 2006

Parallels can be made between state higher education systems and multicompanies, and further, between statewide coordinating systems and decentralized business organizations. But evaluation of state agencies must be based not on profit but on performance.
Evaluation and political reality
Authors: Miller James I.
Published: October 2006

Attempts to evaluate state higher education agencies must take the political context into account.
Problems, superstructures, and leadership: 1975 to 1985
Authors: Balderston F. E.
Published: October 2006

Higher education in the next ten to fifteen years faces a difficult agenda of issues and conflicts. Several different kinds of boards of higher education could be envisioned; each type would be suited to some types of problems and less good for others.
Planning for changing demographic trends in public and private institutions
Authors: Hollander T. Edward
Published: October 2006

Higher institutions face a critical turning point in enrollments. New York's experience may help other states understand the choices higher institutions must make.
The steady state in private nonsectarian colleges
Authors: Solmon Lewis C.
Published: October 2006

Analysis of predictions on finances, staff, and students by over two hundred college presidents for the next five years does not augur well for their plans.
College contributions to human resource needs
Authors: Solmon Lewis C.
Published: October 2006

Certain external pressures on colleges require rethinking of policies and reevaluation of the types of education useful in jobs.
Review and overview: Educational challenges for today and tomorrow
Authors: Heist Paul
Published: October 2006

Selected perspectives on educators' efforts to deal with a set of unknowns and uncertainties—and recommendations for the pursuit of essentialities.
Efficiency and productivity: A behavioral view
Authors: Kirschling Wayne , Staaf Robert
Published: October 2006

Student and faculty freedom of choice is the appropriate framework for examining higher education efficiency and productivity.
Relationships between regional accrediting standards and educational quality
Authors: Troutt William E.
Published: October 2006

Comparing regional accreditation standards to research on student achievement suggests that any indirect approach to assessing institutional performance rests on a frail empirical basis.
European perspectives suggest other criteria
Authors: Sizer John
Published: October 2006

Colleges and universities in both Europe and North America are experiencing financial shortages and changing needs. Under these conditions, direction for the future must come from faculty and administrators, not outside managers.
Should you starve all programs or eliminate a few?
Authors: Dougherty Edward A.
Published: October 2006

Most administrators approach program reduction as a budget issue; in reality, it is a governance and planning issue of major importance for the 1980s.
Legal aspects of faculty reduction
Authors: Hendrickson Robert M.
Published: October 2006

A well designed data base, carefully defined procedures, and consultation with legal counsel can greatly reduce the prospect of costly litigation associated with retrenchment.
Budgeting for retrenchment
Authors: Johnstone Wm. A.
Published: October 2006

The issues of faculty reduction will require increasing sophistication in planning and budgeting. The institutional research professional must play a central role.
Faculty retrenchment: The experience of the University of Wisconsin system
Authors: Pondrom Cyrena
Published: October 2006

The problems related to faculty retrenchment and planning for enrollment declines within the University of Wisconsin system have been considerable; some valuable lessons have been learned as a result.
Conclusion: Developing a process to deal with potential faculty reduction
Authors: Rose Homer C. , Hample Stephen R.
Published: October 2006

Based on recent experiences, the essays in this volume suggest lessons and strategies for the institutional researcher dealing with faculty reduction.
Planning for improved management
Authors: St. John Edward P.
Published: October 2006

Although efforts to improve college management and information systems are increasing in number and type, only recently have frameworks emerged that also include management training needs and institutional change strategies. One particular research‐based framework is described.
Summary and conclusions
Authors: Hipps G. Melvin
Published: October 2006

The institutions represented in this volume have tested certain processes and techniques that can be successfully implemented in various types of colleges and universities.
Applying qualitative methods to management decisions
Authors: Tierney Michael
Published: October 2006

“In my view, it would be just as sensible for the two ends of a worm to quarrel.”—A. N. Whitehead's conclusion (from The Organization of Thought), applied to “the tradition of opposition between the adherents of induction and deduction”.
Concluding thoughts
Authors: Pascarella Ernest T.
Published: October 2006

Some generalizations are made about important issues in the study of student attrition.
Facilities analysis: A tool in strategic planning
Authors: Wheeler Charles L.
Published: October 2006

Facilities analysis provides on important input to planning. Its methodology is discussed here, as well as how it can be used in planning.
Assessing institutional goals
Authors: Pratt Linda K. , Reichard Donald R.
Published: October 2006

Progress toward achieving university goals can be assessed by using existing records, special data‐collection efforts, and special studies.
Conclusions and additional sources
Authors: Uhl Norman P. , Mackinnon Anne Marie
Published: October 2006

This chapter contains a discussion of the implications of developing a closer relationship between institutional research and planning. Additional sources of Canadian research and futures research are also provided.
The pragmatic imperative of institutional research
Authors: Tetlow William L.
Published: October 2006

The effective communication of desired information between the human generator and the human user requires one to accommodate variances in decision‐making style, behavior, and context.
Institutional research, politics, and the federal government
Authors: Folger John
Published: October 2006

Federal educational statistical activities and federal support of research about higher education in general and about institutional operations in particular are primary activities that assist institutional research.
The scanning process: Methods and uses
Authors: Renfro William L. , Morrison James L.
Published: October 2006

Scanning requires knowing how to scan and what to scan.
Multiple scenario analysis: Introducing uncertainty into the planning process
Authors: Heydinger Richard B. , Zentner Rene D.
Published: October 2006

Multiple scenario analysis addresses the dilemma of strategic planners who must have some understanding of the future while recognizing the inadequacy of predicting it.
Faculty trends and projected needs
Authors: Lee Barbara A.
Published: October 2006

Matching faculty with projected staffing needs requires creating a broad‐based inventory of faculty talents and interests.
Concluding notes and further readings
Authors: Scott Robert A.
Published: October 2006

A final synthesis and suggestions about additional resources.