bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KORUPSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR`AN
Authors: Moh. Rozin  , Ahmad Musonnif Alfi
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Corruption is a chronic problem that is difficult to solve and has undermined various institutions and countries. Various eradication efforts have been carried out in a strict and systematic manner, but in fact they have never really succeeded. This shows that a legal and political approach is not the only way to deal with corruption. This research is here to investigate the views of the Qur'an on corruption, although it does not discuss specifically about corruption, it is here to respond to human problems in every era. The method used in this research is qualitative with a thematic interpretation writing model. The results of this study indicate that the Qur'an warns that corruptors will not only be tortured in the Hereafter, but will also be diminished and humiliated. The prohibition on corruption in the Qur'an is aimed to keep peace and welfare in society. Al-Qur'an's solution to tackling corruption is more focused on shaping human character, strengthening faith and improving morals.
Keywords: Corruption, al-Qur`an, thematic interpretation
Abstrak
Korupsi menjadi persoalan kronis yang sulit dituntaskan dan telah menggerogoti berbagai lembaga maupun negara. Berbagai upaya pemberantasan telah dicanangkan secara ketat dan sistematis, namun dalam faktualnya tidak pernah benar-benar berhasil. Ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan hukum dan politik bukanlah satu-satunya cara untuk menangani korupsi. Penelitian ini hadir untuk menelisik bagaimana pandangan al-Qur`an tentang korupsi, meskipun ia tidak berbicara spesifik terkait korupsi, namun ia hadir untuk merespon persoalan manusia di setiap zaman. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan model penulisan tafsir tematik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa al-Qur`an memberikan peringatan bahwa koruptor selain akan disiksa di Akhirat, juga akan dibuat hina dan dipermalukan. Larangan korupsi dalam al-Qur`an ditujukan demi menjaga ketenteraman dan kesejahteraan hidup bermasyarakat. Solusi al-Qur`an untuk menanggulangi tindak korupsi lebih tertuju kepada pembentukan karakter manusia, pengokohan akidah dan perbaikan moral.
Kata Kunci: Korupsi, al-Qur`an, Tafsir Tematik
SEMIOTIKA DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN KAJIAN AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Kasyful Humam Abdul Wadud
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Considering that the Qur'an consists of a series of Arabic letters arranged in strings of words and sentences, is a medium where signs are messy, so one approach that seems interesting and relevant is the semiotic approach which examines how sign works and its function in the text of the Qur'an. Semiotics  is a discipline that examines signs found in society. Meanwhile, the Al-Qur'an using language as a medium is fertile ground for semiotic studies. In the Qur'an, there are signs that their meanings can be studied by using semiotics. The Qur'an has basic units called verses (signs). Signs in the Qur'an are not only small parts of the elements, such as sentences, words or letters, but the totality of the structures that connect each element is included in the category of signs of the Qur'an. This shows that the entire form of the Qur'an is a series of signs that have meaning.

Keywords: Semiotics, al-Qur'an, Sign.
KONSEP KESETARAAN GENDER DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Rohmatul Izzad
Published: April 2021

Abstract

From the 20th century to the 21st century, feminist model of interpretation has been developing rapidly. The majority of feminist interpreters, both men and women, criticize the centrality of men in interpreting the Qur'an.They emphasize the argument that the interpreter's gender bias is still dominated by men, most of which have shaped the paradigm of understanding the Qur'an and Islam in general. In contrast to secular feminists, Muslim feminist scholars do not reject Islam itself. Instead, they refer to the Qur'an and the Prophet's Sunnah to support their claim that the Qur'an needs to be reinterpreted. This research specifically tries to study and explore the concept of gender equality in Islam, especially in the perspective of Muhammad Syahrur's hermeneutic thinking. This research analyzes the real relationship between men and women in Islam, whether the views of past scholars are still relevant in positioning the status of men and women. In other words, this research tries to carry out a contemporary reading of the gender equality concept in Islam, which specifically refers to Muhammad Syahrur's hermeneutic. On this basis, this study uses an analysis-hermeneutic approach. Through Syahrur's hermeneutics, the researcher critically analyzes the relationship between men and women in Islam, and carries out a contemporary reading of it. Therefore it  is expected to be able to produce a new thought product about gender in Islam that is more contextual and in accordance with the dynamics of the times.

Keywords: feminism, gender equality, al-Qur'an hermeneutics.
KAJIAN TERHADAP RASM DALAM NASKAH MUSHAF AL-QUR`AN MADURA
Authors: Luluk Asfiatur Rohmah
Published: April 2021

Muslim’s approach to the holy book al-Qur ʻan is expressed in various activities, reading, memorizing, writing, transcribing, and others. The copying of Al-Qur ʻan has been being strictly controlled by the rasm used, rasm uthmani and rasm imla'i, and the copies has been being maintained by the museum, pesantren, collectors, heirs and others with various purposes and interests. This paper examines the manuscripts of the Mushaf al-Qur ʻan H. Habibullah from Konang Village, Bangkalan, Madura from the aspect of using rasm, vowels and punctuation. The result of this study is that the copying of the manuscripts of the Mushaf al-Qurʻan H. Habibullah is inconsistent in applying the rules for writing rasm uthmānī and rasm imlā'i from the rules for discarding letters, adding letters, writing hamzah, changing letters and writing punctuation (harakat). The writing of this Mushaf manuscript also came out of the corridors of the rules for writing rasm uthmānī and rasm imlā'i. This inconsistency was influenced by the absence of a reference basis for writing the Mushaf at that time, as well as the unfamiliarity of Nusantara Muslims with the Arabic language rules, nahw-ṣarf.

Keywords: Consistency, Manuscripts of the Al-Qur ʻan, Madura, Rasm
ANALISIS SEMANTIK KATA ZAWJ DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Marjiatun Hujaz  , Nur Huda  , Syihabudin Qalyubi
Published: April 2021

This study aims to examines the meaning of zawj in al-Qur'an. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive-analysis method. Descriptive-analysis method aims to analyze the zawj’ word in the Qur'an. The meaning of zawj in the Qur'an is very vareative. In the Koran with various derivations, the word zawj is 21 derivations contained in 72 verses of 43 surahs and is mentioned in 81 times. The researcher used the semantic analysis of al-Qur'an which was initiated by Toshihiko Izutsu who tried to address the world view of Qu'ran (weltanschauung) through semantic analysis of the vocabulary and key terms in the Qur’an. This research concludes that the basic meaning of the word zawj is something that is not singular or something that has an equivalent. Zawj can be interpreted as: a husband in the surah (al-Mujādalah [58]: 1;wife in the surah (al-Baqarah [2]: 35; a partner, namely Allah created all beings in pairs (az-Dzariyat [51]: 49;animals are male and female pairs (al-An'ām [6]: 143), plants (al-Syu'arā [367]: 7); and groups (al-Wāqi'ah [56]: 7. In the pre- Qur'anic, the word zawj is defined as a rug. In the Qur'anic period it is divided into two, namely Mecca and Medina. The Mecca period has a close meaning with the sign of the greatness of Allah and the pleasure that Allah gives. The Medina period contains the laws of separation. In the post-Qur'anic period, the word zawj describes gender equality, that men and women are the same components without being differentiated, so that there is a harmonious life in pairs.

Keywords :Diachronic, Izutsu,Semantic, Synchronic, Zawj.
TIPOLOGI SUMBER PENAFSIRAN IBNU ABBAS DALAM TAFSῙR AL-ṬABARĪ
Authors: Herfinawati Nasution
Published: April 2021

Ibn Abbas got the nickname Tarjaman Al-Qur ʻan from the scholars. This indicates his expertise and depth in understanding al-Qur ʻan. His coronation as the foundation of the science of interpretation indicates the depth of experience one has in the world of interpretation. The interpretive construction in the form of history makes it difficult for the reader to describe the pattern of interpretation carried out. However, searching and studying the narrations can describes patterns of interpretation, themes, pathways, and patterns of interpretation. Therefore, this study focuses on the history of Ibn Abbas's interpretation of QS. al-Baqarah: 1-141. The results of this study indicate that the themes of Ibn Abbas' narrative are divided into seven types, ghaibiyat originating from the Prophet, characteristics derived from ijitihad, the meaning of the recitation of verses coming from Arabic, stories sourced from the Prophet and friends, Allah's promises are from the Prophet, the name and asbāb al-nuzūl is also a conviction that comes from the Prophet.

Keywords: Tafsir Ibn Abbas, Tafsir al-Tabarī, interpretation pattern
METODE TAFSIR MAWḌŪ’Ī
Authors: Nailil Muna
Published: April 2021

This article analyzes the mawḍū'ī method of interpretation. This study aims to identify and explain the differences in the mawḍū'ī interpretation method between Muhammad al-Ghazālī and Abd al-Ḥayy al-Farmāwī. Seeing from the significant differences in operationalizing the mawḍū'ī method of interpretation, in which Muhammad al-Ghazālī interprets the verses of the al-Qurʻan departing from the text then sees reality while Abd al-Ḥayy al-Farmāwī interprets the verses of the al-Qurʻan departing from reality then  sees the text. Through the analysis of the history of the idea of ​​the Quranic interpretation of Ignaz Goldziher, this study shows that the concept of the mawḍū'ī method offered by Muhammad al-Ghazālī and Abd al-Ḥayy al-Farmāwī is very different. The concept offered by al-Ghazālī is interpreting al-Qur ʻan according to the order of the surah or tartīb 'uthmāni which contains a theme and is related between one part of the chapter and another, so that the face of the surah seems like a perfect and complementary form. Meanwhile al-Farmāwī interprets al-Qur ʻan by compiling all the verses on the same theme, putting them under one title then interpreted by the mawḍū'ī method. The implication of the mawḍū'ī method offered by Muhammad al-Ghazālī for the final result of interpretation is the birth of a comprehensive-systematic work, while the implication of the mawḍū'ī method offered by Abd al-Ḥayy al-Farmāwī for the final result of interpretation is the birth a work of applicative-realistic interpretation.

Key word: Method of interpretation of mawḍū'ī, Muhammad al-Ghazālī, Abd al-Ḥayy al-Farmāwī
MUSHAF MENARA KUDUS CETAKAN 1974
Authors: Rif`atun Naajikhah
Published: April 2021

Mushaf Pojok Menara Kudus is one of the most popular printed manuscripts for Indonesian publishers. This manuscript has its own uniqueness, namely from the writing model that does not use the Indonesian standard rasm (rasm Uthmāni). This research examines the history of writing the Mushaf Pojok Menara Kudus, the form of rhyme used and the characteristics of the Mushaf. The research is in library research, with primary data sources are interviews, kitab-kitab, books and other literature related to the Uthmāni rasm, rasm Imla'i and Mushaf Pojok Menara Kudus. This research concludes that  Mushaf Pojok Menara Kudus is a copy of the Mushaf belonging to the caregiver of the Yanbu 'Al-Qurʻan Islamic Boarding School, KH. Arwani Amin,  Mushaf Bahriyyah originating from Turkey. Every corner  of the page always begins and ends with a verse and that's why this mushaf is called a corner mushaf. The rhymes used in the Mushaf Pojok Menara Kudus are mixed rasm, namely the Uthmāni rasm and the Imla'i rasm. The type of rhyme used then has several implications such as making it easier for reciter and memorizers, but it is troublesome for the common reader with the lack of instructions for Tajweed reading  and the number of waqaf signs that have the same function.

Keywords: Mushaf Pojok Menara Kudus, Rasm Uthmāni, Rasm Imla'i.
PENGGUNAAN SIYĀQ DALAM KITAB AL-TAFSῙR AL-ḤADῙS KARYA MUHAMMAD IZZAT DARWAZAH
Authors: Anisatul Khoiriyah
Published: April 2021

Siyāq (context) has an important role in determining the meaning when interpreting the verses of the Qur'an. A sentence, expression, or language of text cannot be known and understood without looking at the context, either the language context or the context of the situation behind the text. This study uses a qualitative method with a siyāq (context) approach as an analysis tool for Muhammad Izzat Darwazah's interpretation in the book al-Tafsīr al-Ḥadīs. This is taken in order to find out how siyāq (context) is functioned, when and where it is used based on contextual theory, Dirāsah Mā fī al-Qur'ān and Dirāsah Mā Ḥaul al-Qur'ān theory. This study shows that in interpreting the verses of the Qur'an, Izzat Darwazah uses siyāq (context) to describe the meaning of the verses, determines the Makiyah and Madaniyah verses, determines some of the placement of  Madaniyah surahs order.

Key words: Al-Tafsīr al-Ḥadīs, Izzat Darwazah, siyāq (context), meaning.
KONTROVERSI ASḤĀB AL-QARYAT DALAM SURAH YĀSĪN
Authors: Tsalis Muttaqin
Published: April 2021

This article examines the controversy of Asḥāb al-Qaryat (Residents of the land) in the Yāsīn surah. Asḥāb al-Qaryat is one of the stories told by al-Qur ʻan, but his name has been changed. A polemic arised among exegeses about the name of the country referred to in this Yāsīn surah. Some exegeses including al-Ṭabari mentioned that the country in question was Anṭākiyah (Antioch, including the territory of Turkey). While other exegeses rejected this opinion, Ibn Kathīr for example, with the arguments he built, critically rejected al-Ṭabarī's opinion above. The polemic of these two commentators is very important to be studied considering that the books they wrote are both included in the category of bi al-ma'thūr tafsir, namely interpretations built on the narrations of the Prophet Muhammad, his companions, and tābi'īn. This article concludes that in interpreting Asḥāb al-Qaryat, al-Ṭabari tends to be textual by using the israiliyyat narrative text while Ibn Kathīr rejected it by holding on to the context of verse 15 of Surah Yāsīn and based on historical evidence.

Keywords: Asḥāb al-Qaryat, Mubhamāt al-Qur'ān, al-Ṭabarī, and Ibn Kathīr
KONSTRUKSI METODOLOGIS TAFSĪR AYĀT AL-AḤKĀM MIN AL-QUR’AN AL-KARĪM KARYA ABIL FADHAL
Authors: Sakinah Fatihatus
Published: April 2021

This paper will discuss how Abil Fadhal's methodological construction in his Tafsīr Ayāt Al-Aḥkām Min Al-Qur'an Al-Karīm as a pioner work of interpretation with fiqh nuances in Indonesia. The lackness of fiqh studies with the study of tafsir Aḥkam is suggested as the factor that has resulted in efforts to verify the law through the main source the Islamic religion (al-Qur'an) becoming not very popular and still tightly closed. Abil Fadhal through his interpretation of Tafsīr Ayāt al-Aḥkām min Al-Qur'an al-Karīm then appeared and tried to break the tradition. As an Indonesian interpreter who was born in the contemporary era, he did not adhere to the model of tafsir that developed in Indonesia. Abil Fadhal chose to obey the principles of previous scholars who were considered more original, by making his interpretation of the asbāb al-nuzul history and hadiths ahkām and quoting the opinions of previous scholars. But, on the other side, the use of terms in accordance with the context of the locality and their concisepresentation (ijmāli) confirms the contemporary nuances in it.
Keywords: Tafsīr Ayāt al-Aḥkām min Al-Qur'an al-Karīm, Abil Fadhal, methodological construction.
METODE PENGENALAN ALLAH MELALUI ALAM SEKITAR KEPADA ANAK-ANAK DI DUSUN SAKATETANG-PUTUSSIBAU
Authors: Waruwu Faano
Published: April 2021

Metode pengenalan Allah melalui alam sekitar kepada anak-anak merupakan sebuah kegiatan penting dalam menumbuhkan kembali iman serta kepercayaan anak kepada Allah. Secara umum, kehidupan iman masyarakat Dusun Sakatetang baik yang Agama Katholik maupun  yang beragama Kristen Protestan  sangat miris dimana hampir saja melupakan Tuhan dan percaya penuh kepada tradisi yang diturunkan oleh nenek moyang mereka. Ritual-ritual dan penyembahan kepada berhala masih saja dipegang erat. Agama hanyalah simbol kepercayaan tetapi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka masih berpegang penuh pada tradisi. Dengan demikian metode pengenalan Allah melalui alam sekitar kepada anak-anak di Dusun Sakatetang bertujuan antara lain: untuk menumbuhkan kembali kecintaan anak-anak kepada Tuhan dan segala ciptaan-Nya, untuk menyadarkan bahwa penyembahan kepada berhala dan melakukan ritual-ritual adalah kekejian bagi Tuhan, serta menyadarkan bahwa sumber dari segala sesuatu yang ada di dunia berasal dari Tuhan. Salah satu penyebab mengapa daerah tersebut tidak mengenal dan percaya kepada Tuhan adalah karena maraknya pemahaman-pemahaman asing tentang Tuhan dan tradisi. Mereka percaya bahwa dengan melaksakan ritual-ritual akan memperoleh keselamatan. Akibatnya mereka diperbudak oleh tradisi dan ritual yang dianggap menjanjikan perlindungan dan rezeki. Dengan metode pengenalan Allah melalui alam sekitar tersebut dapat menyadarkan, membangkitkan dan mengembalikan iman anak-anak ke jalan yang benar yaitu hanya percaya kepada  Tuhan Sumber kehidupan.
Acil Servisimize Başvuran Hastaların 5 Yıllık Analizi
Authors: SERT Ekrem Taha , MUTLU Hüseyin , KOKULU Kamil , YEŞİLDAĞ Kerim , SARITAŞ Ayhan
Published: April 2021

Acil servise başvuran kritik hastalıkların özelliklerinin bilinmesi, en kısa sürede tanı alması ve doğru tedavilerinin başlamasında hayati öneme sahiptir Çalışmamızda acil servise başvuran hastaların demografik ve klinik özelliklerini incelemeyi amaçladık. Ocak 2015 ile Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz üçüncü basamak acil servisine başvuran tüm erişkin ve çocuk hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, hastalık tanıları ve yıllara göre başvuru oranları değerlendirildi. Acile servise beş yıl içerisinde başvuran hasta sayısı 2.254.302 olarak tespit edildi. Hastaların %50.9’u erkek ve %49.1’i kadındı ve yaş gruplarına göre başvuru sıklığı değerlendirildiğinden yoğun grubun %26.73 ile 10 yaş ve altı olduğu görüldü. En çok başvuru %51 ile 16:00-24:00 saatleri arasında idi. Hastaların en sık solunum sistemi problemleri(%24,71) ile acile başvurduğu tespit edildi. Acil servise başvuran hastaların %2.24’ü ilgili bölümlere, %0.77’sinin ise yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırıldığı tespit edildi. Acil servislere başvuru oranının yüksek olması beraberinde aşırı hasta yoğunluğuna neden olmaktadır. Acil servise başvuran hasta profilinin belirlenmesi, verilecek hizmet sunumu ve hasta bakım kalitenin artırılmasında faydalı olacaktır.
PENERAPAN METODE TUGAS PROYEK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PEMBELAJARAN ANIMASI 3 DIMENSI DI KELAS XII MULTIMEDIA SMKN 1 KOTA BOGOR
Authors: SUTIAWAN IWAN
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan prestasi belajar matematis siswa kelas X MM-1 SMKN 1 Bogor melalui model pembelajaran discovery. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian indakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MM-1 SMKN 1 Bogor. Insrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket respon siswa, dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan kemampuan prestasi belajar  matematis siswa kelas X MM-1 SMKN 1 Bogor dilakukan melalui pembelajaran matematika dengan model discovery learning yang dilakukan dengan 5 langkah yaitu: : (1) stimulation (stimulasi/pemberian ragsangan, (2) problem statement (penyataan/identifikasi masalah), (3) data collection (pengumpulan data), (4) data processing (pengolahan data), (5) generalization (menarik kesimpulan atau generalisasi). Setelah dilakukan pembelajaran dengan model discovery learning, kemampuan prestasi belajar  matematis siswa mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan adanya peningkatan persentase skor rata-rata tiap indikator kemampuan prestasi belajar  matematis siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II yaitu: (a) Memberikan penjelasan sederhana dengan memfokuskan pertanyaan, menganalisis argumen, dan menjawab pertanyaan yang membutuhkan penjelasan meningkat dari 83,33 % pada siklus I menjadi 88,72 pada siklus II (b) Mengobservasi dan mempertimbangkan hasil observasi, meningkat dari 87,80 % pada siklus I menjadi 89,63 % pada siklus II (c) Membuat kesimpulan dengan mempertimbangkan nilai keputusan, meningkat dari 84,15 % pada siklus I menjadi 89,94% pada siklus II. Angket respon siswa menunjukan siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran dengan model discovery learning. Pada siklus I menunjukkan kesukaan terhadap penggunaan model discovery learning dalam pembelajaran matematika adalah sebesar 66% dengan kualifikasi baik, dan pada siklus II menjadi 71,3% dengan kualifikasi baik atau meningkat sebesar 5,3%. Aktifitas siswa menunjukkan kesungguhan dan kemampuan berpikir dengan menguasai soal-soal berpikir kritis matematis yang diberikan pada siklus I adalah sebesar 68% dengan kualifikasi baik, dan pada siklus II menjadi 81,6% dengan kualifikasi baik atau meningkat sebesar 13,6%.
RECONOCIMIENTO Y GARANTÍA DE «SUPERDERECHOS» EN CATALUÑA UNA PROPUESTA ALTERNATIVA TRAS LA STC 31/2010
Authors: BOSSACOMA BUSQUETS PAU
Published: April 2021

El artículo se compone de dos partes. La primera analiza detalladamente
el fenómeno del reconocimiento y la garantía de derechos por parte de los estatutos
de autonomía (denominados derechos estatutarios). El artículo es crítico con
el reconocimiento de derechos por esta vía. Por lo que se refiere a las garantías de
los derechos estatutarios, el trabajo se centra en los dictámenes vinculantes del Consejo
de Garantías Estatutarias de Cataluña sobre proyectos y proposiciones de ley en
materia de derechos. Estos dictámenes vinculantes fueron declarados inconstitucionales
por la STC 31/2010. El artículo explora los motivos de dicha inconstitucionalidad.
La segunda parte propone un sistema innovador de reconocimiento y garantía
de «superderechos» en Cataluña respetuoso con esta jurisprudencia del TC. Dicha
propuesta se inspira en el constitucionalismo débil británico y canadiense.

Artikuluak bi zati ditu: Lehenengo zatian, autonomia-estatutuek eskubideak
aitortzearen eta bermatzearen fenomenoa aztertzen da, zehatz mehatz (estatutu-
eskubideak deituak). Artikulua kritikoa da eskubideak bide horretatik aitortzearekin.
Estatutuetako eskubideen bermeei dagokienez, eskubideen arloko lege-proiektu
eta -proposamenei buruz Kataluniako Estatutua Bermatzeko Kontseiluak emandako
irizpen lotesleak hartzen ditu ardatz. Irizpen lotesle horiek konstituzioaren kontrakoak
zirela deklaratu zuen Konstituzio Epaitegiak 31/2010 epaiaz. Artikuluan, konstituziokontrakotasun
horren arrazoiak aztertzen dira. Bigarren zatian, Kataluniako «supereskubideak
» aitortu eta bermatzeko sistema berritzaile bat proposatzen da, Konstituzio
Auzitegiaren jurisprudentzia errespetatzen duena. Proposamen horrek Erresuma Batuko
eta Kanadako konstituzionalismo ahula du inspirazio-iturri.

This paper consists of two parts. T he first makes a detailed
analysis of the phenomenon of the recognition and protection of rights by the
statutes of autonomy (called statutory rights). The paper criticises the recognition
of rights by this means. As regards the protection of those statutory rights, this
paper focuses on the binding opinions of the Council of Statutory Guarantees of
Catalonia on bills concerning those rights. These binding opinions were declared
unconstitutional by the Judgment of the Spanish Constitutional Court 31/2010. The
paper explores the reasons for this unconstitutionality. The second part proposes
a new system of recognition and protection of «super-rights» in Catalonia that is
respectful of this ruling of the Constitutional Court. Such proposal is inspired by
British and Canadian weak constitutionalism.
Incorporating International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) into Accounting Curricula: Perceptions of Undergraduate Accounting Students in Saudi Universities
Authors: Ebaid Ibrahim El-Sayed
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of accounting students in Saudi Arabia on the extent of incorporating IFRS into accounting curricula in undergraduate accounting programs in Saudi universities after the mandatory implementation of IFRS in 2017.
Approach/Methodology/Design: This study is cross-sectional and a questionnaire was used to collect data from accounting students in Saudi Arabia regarding the extent to which IFRS are incorporated into accounting curricula in undergraduate accounting programs in Saudi universities. The sample of the study included 132 accounting students from the largest and oldest three Saudi universities. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Findings: The findings of the study revealed a weakness in students' awareness of IFRS due to the weakness in incorporating IFRS into the accounting curricula. The majority of students indicated that they do not have a separate course on IFRS, and if this course is included in the study plan, it is an elective course and not a required course. The textbooks that they study from in the university are old textbooks and therefore, do not include accounting treatments according to IFRS. Also, teachers do not mention the IFRS when explaining the topics included in the accounting courses.
Practical Implications: The study has implications for Saudi universities. Based on the results of the study, Saudi universities should update curricula in undergraduate accounting programs so that IFRS are incorporated into accounting curricula. Accounting students will have careers where global transactions and interactions are common, so they need to be familiar with IFRS. The incorporation of IFRS into accounting curricula increases the ability of Saudi universities to provide graduates who can obtain job opportunities and succeed in the workplace after graduation.
Originality/value: Accounting students are prospective accountants, so they should be aware of the IFRS they will use in preparing and auditing financial statements after graduation. Therefore, it is important to explore the universities' response to the adoption of IFRS by incorporating IFRS into the accounting curricula to provide a graduate who can implement these accounting standards after graduation.
INFLUENCE OF HOMEGROWN SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME ON DIETARY DIVERSITY AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN 6-13 YEARS OF AGE IN MAKUENI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Kimwele A , Ochola S. A , Mugambi M
Published: April 2021

Purpose:  The main objective of this study was to establish the difference in the dietary diversity for school children enrolled in and those not enrolled in the home grown school feeding programme (HGSFP), in Makueni County, Kenya.

Methodology: A school based cross-sectional study design was used, Makindu sub-County in Makueni County was purposively sampled, and stratified into school with HGSFP and schools without HGSFP.  Using G Power 3.1.2, Sample size calculator, 288 school children were sampled, 144 children randomly selected from three schools offering HGSFP and 144 children randomly selected from three schools without HGSFP, translating to 48 school children per school. Further the study sampled six (6) children per class from class one to standard eight using respective daily class attendance registers where the first respondents in each class were selected at random and the subsequent ones systematically. Researcher administered questionnaire was used to collect data from child/caregiver pair. The information collected was analyzed and the results were presented in tables and percentages.

Findings: A significant difference was observed in children religion, as more children not in HGSFP were protestants compared to Catholics (p= 0.004). Mothers’ education level, mothers’ occupation and fathers’ education level across the groups were statistically significant, P-value <0.05. The main source of cooking fuel for households with children in the HGSFP was firewood (50.0%) and for children not in the HGSFP preferred firewood (47.9%). All (100%) of the children had consumed staple foods, followed closely by consumption of legumes, nuts and seeds by children in (98.6%) the HGSFP and those not in (75.7%) the programme. Vitamin a rich fruits and vegetables (13.9%, 11.8%), organ meat (1.4%, 4.9%) and eggs (2.8%, 2.1%) were poorly consumed by children in the HGSFP and those not in the programme respectively, these differences in food consumption pattern were statistically significant, p-value <0.05, thus children in HGSFP had better dietary diversity compared to those not in the programme.

Conclusion and recommendation: Given the positive outcome that children in the HGSFP had a better diversified diet, the study recommends scaling up the programme in all schools especially in the food insecure areas. In addition, there is need for a longitudinal study which includes all the seasons of the year so as verify the results of this study as well as determine the sustainability of the program for a better policy formulation
MICROFINANCE SERVICES AND THE GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE ENTERPRISES: EVIDENCE FROM THE COMMUNITY CREDIT COMPANY IN THE DOUALA MUNICIPALITY, CAMEROON
Authors: Ngimanang Achamoh
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This paper assesses the role of microfinance services on the growth of small and medium size enterprises in Douala, Cameroon.

Methodology: The paper adopts a mixture of Survey Research and a causal research design. Data were collected mainly through likert scaling questionnaires administered effectively to 57 customers of CCC Plc selected at random. Multiple regression analysis and product moment correlation techniques were used with associated statistical tests (Pearsons, student- t, and ANOVA or F tests).

Findings: Considering three business growth enhancing microfinance services: loans, savings and assistance, it was found that loans granted by MFI and Saving service are paramount for the likelihood of SMEs in Cameroon. The effects of saving and loans were positive and highly significant in contributing to the profitability as well as return on assets of the small enterprises. Assistance given by MFIs had positive relation but was not very significant as there are not actually put in place given that Most MFI are profit outfits.  

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Important recommendations emanated from the results. One of such proposal is that the cost and conditions of savings and lending by MFIs should be relaxed as an instrumental strategy to foster the growth of SMEs.

Keywords: Microfinance services, growth of SMEs, regression analysis, Cameroon
A INFLUÊNCIA DA TEMPERATURA NA PESCA EM MACAU/RN NO ANO DE 2019
Authors: Marques dos Santos Antonio , Lessa de Menezes Neto Maciel
Published: April 2021

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a influência da temperatura, variável climática, na pesca em, Macau–RN no ano de 2019. Além disso, pretendeu-se identificar qual(is) melhor(es) meses para à pesca na região tomando como base essa variável climática. O estudo foi baseado em análise dos dados disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia – INMET que forneceu os dados relativos à temperatura no ano de 2019, valores medidos pela Estação Meteorológica Automática de Macau/RN e pelo Projeto de Monitoramento do Desembarque Pesqueiro Regional da Bacia Potiguar que forneceu a quantidade de pescado por mês no ano de 2019, no município de Macau.
Smartphone Application Development for Rice Field Management Through Aerial Imagery and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Analysis
Authors: Roslin Nor Athirah , Che’Ya Nik Norasma , Rosle Rhushalshafira , Ismail Mohd Razi
Published: April 2021

In the current practices, farmers typically rely on the traditional method paper-based for farming data records, which leads to human error. However, the paper-based system can be improved by the mobile app technology to ease the farmers acquiring farm data as all of the farm information will be stored in digital form. This study aimed to develop a smartphone agricultural management app known as Padi2U and implement User Acceptance Test (UAT) for end-users. Padi2U was developed using Master App Builder software and integration with the multispectral imagery. Padi2U provides recommendations based on the Department of Agriculture’s (DOA), such as rice check, pest and disease control, and weed management. Through the Padi2U, farmers can access the field data to understand the crop health status online using the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) map derived from the multispectral images. The NDVI is correlated to the Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value, corresponding to R² = 0.4012. UAT results showed a 100 percent satisfaction score with suggestions were given to enhance the Padi2U performance. It shows that Padi2U can be improved to help farmers in the field monitoring virtually by integrating multispectral imagery and information from the field.
Numerical Analysis of the Crack Inspections Using Hybrid Approach for the Application the Circular Cantilever Rods
Authors: Raheemah Saddam Hussein , Fadheel Kareem Idan , Hassan Qais Hussein , Aned Ashham Mohammed , Turki Al-Taie Alaa Abdulazeez , Sharaf Hussein Kadhim
Published: April 2021

The present study aims to investigate crack presence in a rigid steel beam so that it can be considered in structural design. A finite element method (FEM) had been used with the Ansys 16.1 software to simulate the whole steel body with three different forces and moments with a magnitude force subjected at the free end of the beam. The steel rod had been considered as simple cantilever to be modelled by the software. Von Mises stress had been considered in the simulation process where the maximum value of stress due to applied load and moment was 1.9 MPa. Total deformation of the whole body had also been considered to instigate the maximum deformation (4.3mm) due to applied loads and moments. Furthermore, MATLAB and through fuzzy logic had been used to assist in the investigation of cracks. Both approaches had been governed by the Euler-Bernoulli theory for free vibration of motion equations. The other aim of this study is to evaluate results received from the Ansys with MATLAB for the same boundary conditions as the case.
Ecological Roles of Benthic Community in Seafloor Northwards of Pulau Indah, Klang, Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Kasihmuddin Mohd Sophian , Che Cob Zaidi
Published: April 2021

Trait assessment is an alternative but effective method of biomonitoring benthic community in ecosystem, but it was rarely done in Malaysia. An assessment was done to identify the dominant sub-traits, or modalities, within benthic community in seafloor northwards of Pulau Indah, Klang, Malaysia, and to establish possible correlation between modalities with environmental parameters measured in the area. Sampling was conducted in November 2018, during Northwest Monsoon season. Sediments were obtained by using a Ponar Grab and filtered through 500 μm sieve. Sediments were subjected into Loss of Ignition method to extract organic carbon, and filtration method to determine particle size distribution percentages. 37 taxa were recorded in this study, totalling to 848 individuals. Traits assessment indicated vermiform body shape, direct larval development, deposit feeder, non-motile, asexual reproduction, and second-order opportunistic group as most dominant modalities in the study area. Station 1 recorded highest macrobenthos density (21000 ind./m2), while station 5 recorded highest diversity (H’=2.19). Functional diversity (FD) for reproduction method was highest in station 1 (FD=0.61), ecological group in station 4 (FD=0.73); body shape (FD=0.56) and larval development (FD=0.63) in station 5, and lastly, adult mobility (FD=0.70) and feeding mode (FD=0.66) in station 6. Principal component analysis showed Station 1 has most modalities attributed towards it. Pearson correlation analysis suggested particle size distribution as major connector for most modalities (P=0.05). As BTA study is still new in Malaysian waters, it could serve as a good starting point for future assessment related to ecological functioning of benthic community in Malaysian seafloor.
A Time-Motion Study on the Operating Room Processes among Pregnant COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section in a Tertiary Government Hospital
Authors: Dela Cruz-Tabanda Ma. Evita , Bandola Maria Angela
Published: April 2021

Objective. This study aims to determine time and motion in the operating room in emergent, urgent and scheduled cesarean section surgeries among pregnant COVID-19 patients.

Methodology. A time and motion performance evaluation study was done by computing the following parameters: pre-induction time, pre-incision time, opening time, closing time, for both decision-to-delivery interval (DDI) and overall operative time.

Results. During the study period, emergent DDI average was 2 hours and 38 minutes, emergent overall operative time was 1 hour and 31minutes, urgent DDI average was 3 hours and 51 minutes, and urgent overall operative time of 1 hour and 57 minutes. However, in both urgent and emergent cases, the recommended DDI of 30 minutes, and the average duration of 44.3 minutes for CS were not feasible.

Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the provision of surgical obstetric care and OR utilization. Due to the new safety protocol for healthcare workers and patients, there was a significant delay in DDI and overall operative time. The causes were preparation, anesthesia factors or obstetrician factors. Identifying modifiable obstacles may improve the DDI, overall operative time, and the quality of maternal and child birth care during this pandemic.
APPRAISAL OF EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS OF UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES: THE 21ST CENTURY KEY TO FUNCTIONAL EDUCATION
Authors:   Department of Educational Foundations, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria, Ezeamagu Mary , Owolabi Henry ,   Department of Primary and Adult Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Published: April 2021

Research evidence revealed that the quality of graduates in Nigeria is on a rapid decline especially in the area of valuable and complementary life skills. Also, researchers have established that subject-specific knowledge and skills alone are unlikely to secure a graduate occupation in which they can be both successful and satisfied. Hence, this study evaluated the extent to which university undergraduates in North West Nigeria possessed employability skills. This study employed a survey research design. The population comprises all 2018/2019 final year university undergraduates in North West Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling approach using Simple Random and Proportional Sampling technique was employed to select 697 respondents from Usmanu Danfodiyo University, 350 respondents from Federal University Gusau and 330 respondents from Federal University Birnin Kebbi. The research instrument was a researcher-developed questionnaire entitled “Employability Indices Questionnaire”. The research instrument was validated by seven experts. The instrument was trial tested on a population that is similar but not among the sampled population; and Cronbach’s Alpha was used to estimate a reliability coefficient of 0.82 and 0.96 for Employability Perception Scale and Employability Skills Scale respectively. Three research questions guided the study; while data collected were analyzed using summated scale. The major findings of the study revealed that majority of university undergraduates in North West Nigeria perceived themselves to have high knowledge of employability, yet further finding revealed that majority of the respondents perceived themselves to have high need of Life-long Learning Skill and Team-work Skills. This implies that the respondents have low level of Life-long Learning and Team-work Skills. As such, it was recommended that University Management should improve standard by making Employability Skills a development priority area for its undergraduates before their graduation. Both instruction and assessment of undergraduates should challenge and develop students’ Life-long learning skill, Team-work skills and other relevant skills before their graduation. University Management should encourage her students to develop and demonstrate employability skills like Life-long learning skill, Team-work skills, information and communication technology knowledge, numeracy skill, communication skill, creativity and problem solving skills.
GAINS AND PAINS IN STUDENTS UNIONISM IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING IN NIGERIA: WAY FORWARD
Authors:   Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, Adekunle Ajasin University ,Akungba-akoko, Ondo State Nigeria, Oluwole Alabi , Akindele Ige ,   Ministry of Education, Akure Ondo State
Published: April 2021

The issue of student unionism has been an albatross in the educational system globally, particularly in tertiary institutions of learning where it is prevalent over the years. This paper examines the concept of unionism and student unionism, its background, objectives, the gains recorded through it, such as the improved mutual relationship between students and management of institutions, among others; and pains associated with it, such as. the death of and maiming of students, destruction of properties, incessant closure of tertiary institutions, disunity between institutions management and students, loss of the image of tertiary education, brain drain in campuses. It looks further on how the gains accruable through it can be maximized and the pains reduced to the minimum, if not eradicated, to rekindle the lost glory of tertiary education globally in this decade and beyond.
THE IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF FOOD VENDORS IN ABIA STATE NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Public Health Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo Ogun-State, Nigeria, Akinboye Dora , Lois Ndu-Agomuo ,   Department of Public Health Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo Ogun-State, Nigeria
Published: April 2021

Educational intervention on food industry personnel on hygiene has been recommended as a means of improving food handling practices and food safety. This is because human handling errors are responsible for the major outbreaks of food poisoning and food-borne illnesses in developing and developed countries. The study aim toassess the impact of education on knowledge, attitude and practice of food vendors in study Areas in Abia State Nigeria. This study adopted a quasi-experimental study research design which involved one experimental group and one control group for the selection of the 52 food handlers in the five selected Local Government Areas in Abia State. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire and an observational checklist. Descriptive analysis was done with frequencies and summary statistics, T-test and independent sample test was computed to determine the mean difference and significant relationship of variables. Level of significance was set at 0.05 significant levels.Themean knowledge score of the control group was 4.02 ± 1.55 while the mean knowledge score of the experimental group was 7.92 ± 2.50 before the intervention. The difference between the means of the two groups was statistically significant (t=9.28; p=0.000). Also, the mean attitude score was 37.58 ± 3.31 in the control while mean attitude score was 37.79 ± 5.10 in the subjects. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (t=0.24; p=0.813). The mean practice score was 8.21 ± 2.69 in the control group while the mean practice score was 8.73 ± 4.76 in the experimental group. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (t=0.67; p=0.506).After the intervention, the mean knowledge score for the experimental group was 9.02 ± 1.58 while that of the control group was 5.55 ± 1.54. The difference between the group was statistically significant (t= 11.03; p=0.000). The mean attitude score for the experimental group was 40.33 ± 4.10 while that of the control group was 41.81 ± 1.963. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (t=2.26; p=0.026). Educational and training programs should be implemented to influence the food vendors’ knowledge, attitude, and practice positively.
El largo camino a la justicia: familiares de víctimas de feminicidio ante la maquinaria legal
Authors: Rico Rios Brenda Vivian
Published: April 2021

Los familiares de víctimas de feminicidio o de desaparición forzada se ven en la necesidad de crear redes de apoyo con el afán de generar presión en cuestiones legales. políticas y sociales. Por un lado, se comparten saberes legales con el afán de avanzar en sus procesos particulares, por otra parte se brindan apoyo en eventos públicos tales como movilizaciones y manifestaciones. Las redes familiares y de activistas han servido para generar presión a la maquinaria judicial y a todos los órganos institucionales que invisibilizan sus peticiones. El presente artículo recorre el camino que atraviesan familiares de víctimas, el proceso de revictimización por parte de instituciones del Estado, y por la sociedad civil; el funcionamiento del sistema jurídico y la aplicación del castigo a los acusados. En un país donde el 95% de los casos de feminicidio quedan en la impunidad, la movilización por redes familiares y de activistas ha tomado mayor fuerza en los últimos años como consecuencia de la ineficiencia del sistema jurídico de nuestro Estado.
Epidemiological aspects of snakebite accidents in the state of Alagoas in the 2018-2019 biennium
Authors: Araujo dos SANTOS Jerffeson , De Lira SANTOS Daniel , De Oliveira SILVA Renvelly Lorrane , Almeida PINHEIRO Rodrigo , Dos Santos CABRAL Maria Jéssica , Bispo dos SANTOS Claudimary
Published: April 2021

Os acidentes ofídicos são considerados um grande problema para a saúde pública, principalmente em países tropicais, por conta da alta frequência com que ocorrem e pela letalidade que ocasionam. O presente estudo objetivou apresentar uma breve análise epidemiológica dos acidentes ofídicos, no estado de Alagoas, no biênio 2018-2019. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, desenvolvido por meio de levantamento do banco de dados SINAN NET. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: número de casos por município, sexo e faixa etária dos acometidos; e gêneros de ofídios responsáveis pelo maior índice de acidentes. Em 2018 e 2019, a totalidade de acidentes ofídicos no Estado de Alagoas foi de 11.442 e 11.560, respectivamente. Destes, foram selecionados os municípios que registraram no mínimo 100 acidentes, 17 municípios em 2018 com 10.246 casos e 19 municípios em 2019 com 10.443 casos. Nos dois anos, o sexo feminino superou, com registro de 56,2% e 56,8% em 2018 e 2019 respectivamente; e as faixas etárias predominantes, no biênio, foram 20-39 e 40-59 anos. Entre os gêneros ofídicos peçonhentos, Bothrops foi o que causou mais acidentes. Conclui-se que no estado de Alagoas, as notificações por acidentes ofídicos apresentaram um perfil semelhante entre os dois anos consecutivos, bem como, quando comparado com outros estudos realizados em outras regiões do país, tanto em relação à faixa etária mais acometida, quanto a predominância dos acidentes por ofídicos botrópicos.