bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cortical Asymmetry Index (CAI) for subtyping dementia patients
Authors: Pérez-Millan Agnès , Estrada Uma Maria Lal-Trehan , Falgàs Neus , Guillén Núria , Borrego-Écija Sergi , Juncà-Parella Jordi , Bosch Beatriz , Tort-Merino Adrià , Sarto Jordi , Augé Josep Maria , Antonell Anna , Bargalló Nuria , Ruiz-García Raquel , Naranjo Laura , Balasa Mircea , Lladó Albert , Sala-Llonch Roser , Sanchez-Valle Raquel
Published: March 2024

Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients usually show more asymmetric atrophy patterns than Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients. Here, we define the individual Cortical Asymmetry Index (CAI) and explore its diagnostic utility.
Methods: We collected structural T1-MRI scans from 554 participants, including FTD (different phenotypes), AD, and healthy controls, and processed them using Freesurfer. We defined the CAI using measures based on a metric derived from information theory with the cortical thickness measures. Different subsets of the study participants had additional follow-up MRIs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or plasma measures. We analyzed differences at cross-sectional and longitudinal levels. We then clustered FTD and AD participants based on the CAI values and studied the patients’ fluid biomarker characteristics within each cluster.
Results: CAI differentiated FTD, AD, and healthy controls. It also distinguished the semantic variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (svPPA) from the other FTD phenotypes. In FTD, the CAI increased over time. The cluster analysis identified two subgroups within FTD, characterized by different CSF and plasma neurofilament-light (NfL) levels, and two subgroups within AD, with different plasma Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels. In AD, CAI correlated with plasma-GFAP and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); in FTD, the CAI was associated with NfL levels (CSF and plasma.
Conclusions: The method proposed here is able to quantify asymmetries previously described visually. The CAI could define clinically and biologically meaningful disease subgroups. We highlight the potential clinical utility of CAI in the differential diagnosis between FTD and AD and the different FTD phenotypes.
The Use of Bedside Case-Based Learning in the Clinical Practice of Midwifery Education in China
Authors: Zhang Yao , Xu Xinfen , Wang Fang , Tu Lewei , Deng Qinqi , Xu Mengyan , He Guijuan , Johnston Linda
Published: March 2024

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the impact of bedside case-based learning on critical thinking and capacity for self-directed learning in a group of midwifery students in China
Background
Bedside teaching is a well-established educational tool to improve the clinical practice of medical, nursing, and midwifery students. A new pedagogical approach; bedside case-based learning (BCBL) is an interactive teaching approach involving small-group, student-educator discussion to describe the etiology and management of a patient case. This new approach has been gradually integrated into Chinese midwifery education programs to promote clinical problem-solving skills, knowledge application, teamwork, and collaboration.
Design:
A quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test group design
Methods
This study used a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test group design. A convenience sample of 67 third-year students majoring in midwifery at the university were prospectively enrolled in this study. Pre- and post-BCBL class surveys were conducted using the Self-Rating Scale of Self-Directed Learning (SRSSDL) and the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory-Chinese Version (CTDI-CV) to assess changes in self-learning and critical thinking abilities before and after the intervention.
Results
Following bedside case-based learning, the total scores for self-directed learning capacity and critical thinking increased, although there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
Although there were no statistically significant differences between pre- and post-test results, students' self-assessed scores in self-directed learning and critical thinking improved between pre- and post-test.
Maternal factors associated with early-onset neonatal sepsis among term babies delivered by caesarean section: a case-control study at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Maisaba James M , Migisha Richard , Owaraganise Asiphas , Tibaijuka Leevan , Agaba David Collins , Muhumuza Joy , Ngonzi Joseph , Kyoyagala Stella , Kayondo Musa
Published: March 2024

Background: Babies born by caesarean section in low-income settings are at increased risk for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), which has higher mortality than late-onset sepsis. However, maternal factors contributing to EONS among cesarean-delivered babies in these settings, including Uganda, are not well documented. We determined maternal factors associated with EONS among term babies delivered by caesarian section at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), southwestern Uganda.
Methods: We conducted an unmatched case-control study at MRRH from December 2019 to March 2020. Cases were term newborns delivered by caesarean section with EONS (within 72 hours). Controls were term newborns delivered by cesarean section at MRRH without EONS. We enrolled mother-baby pairs for both groups, obtaining maternal data via structured questionnaires The diagnosis of EONS was made using the WHO Young Infant Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses algorithm. Cases were consecutively recruited while controls were recruited by simple random sampling in a ratio of 1:2. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify maternal factors associated with EONS.
Results: We enrolled 52 cases and 104 controls. The mean age for the mothers was 27 (±5.5) years.
Neonates born to referred mothers had higher odds of EONS than those born to non-referred mothers (AOR=6.21, 95% CI: 1.81–21.31). Additionally, decision-to-delivery time >1 hour for emergency caesarean section (AOR=16.44, 95% CI: 4.17–64.8), antepartum hemorrhage (AOR=7.97, 95% CI: 1.59–39.95, p=0.012), primiparity (AOR=4.81, 95% CI: 1.11–20.78), and >3 vaginal examinations after membrane rupture (AOR=4.25, 95% CI: 1.54 - 11.72) were associated with EONS.
Conclusions: Prime gravidity, antepartum hemorrhage, multiple vaginal examinations after membrane rupture, long decision-to-delivery time, and referral status were associated with EONS among term babies delivered by caesarean section at MRRH. To reduce EONS risk, clinicians should limit post-membrane rupture vaginal exams or consider prophylactic antibiotics if multiple exams are needed. Screening babies born to primiparous women, those referred, those with antepartum hemorrhage, multiple vaginal exams after membranes rupture, and long decision-to-delivery times, could aid prompt recognition of EONS and timely interventions. Implementing standard procedures to reduce caesarean decision-to-delivery time could reduce risk for EONS in this setting.
Microstructure Homogenization - Human vs Machine
Authors: Lißner Julian , Fritzen Felix
Published: March 2024

Two approaches are presented to improve the capabilities of machine learning models in multi- scale modeling for microstructure homogenization (graphical abstract in Fig. 1). The first approach features a Bayesian data mining scheme with a human in the loop, halving the prediction error com- pared to [1] using four novel efficient to evaluate feature descriptors. The second purely machine learning driven approach utilizes convolutional neural networks, where we introduce a novel mod- ule, designed to capture characteristics of different length scales within the image. The new module features a new normalization block, which aids in calibrating the differently obtained feature char- acteristics. Further improvements, universally applicable to artificial neural networks, are found with a novel hyperparameter insensitive learning rate schedule, which adapts to the training progress of the model. A further improvement is given by a pre-trained feature bypass which utilizes global low level features, to serve as baseline prediction such that the model is able to dedicate its atten- tion to high level features. The proposed schemes have been applied to different literature models, yielding significant improvements in any investigated convolutional neural network. The improve- ments found by the two overarching contributions, i.e., derived through feature development with a human in the loop, and via convolutional neural networks, are critically assessed in a thermal and mechanical setting. It is further expanded to variable material parameters while allowing for variable microstructural elements, yielding drastically reduced prediction errors across-the-board.
Evaluation of and prevention strategies for falls and geriatric syndromes in geriatric individuals followed by home health services: a single-centre study
Authors: Tuncer Özge , Sakallı Ayça Asma , Tekin Nil
Published: March 2024

Background Falls are an important health problem that can lead to morbidity and mortality in geriatric patients. In this study examined, various factors associated with falls and fear of falling in geriatric patients were examined. Methods This was a prospective, analytical study, and the sample size was calculated to be 320 participants with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 0.05. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated during home visits or hospitalizations. An 11-question sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire was developed by the researchers after reviewing the literature using a data collection form. The FRAIL Scale, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, Barthel Index, Itaki Fall Risk Scale, Six-Item Screener, Tinetti Balance and Gait Test, and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF) were used to evaluate whether the participants had geriatric syndromes. Results The mean age of the 320 participants was 81.52 ± 7.57 years, and approximately half of the participants were female. The rate of malnutrition was 77.8%. A total of 57.2% of the participants had environmental hazards in their homes, 58.8% had a history of falls, 54.4% had a fear of falling, and 44.1% had experienced an injury due to a fall. There were statistically significant correlations between a history of falls and fear of falls and age, calf circumference, the number of medications used, environmental hazards in the home, fragility, malnutrition risk, and the Itaki Fall Risk Scale, Barthel Index, total Tinetti Balance and Gait Test, and total GDS-SF scores. Conclusions The incidence of falls in this study was high, and falls were associated with general health status, age, and nutritional status. In addition, using a single scale for determining the risk of falls is not appropriate, and many parameters should be included in screenings.
Exploration of wear characteristics in aluminium-silicon carbide metal matrix composites for aerospace and automotive applications
Authors: Srini Bharath
Published: March 2024

In this investigation, two metal matrix composites were synthesised employing the vertical stir-casting methodology, amalgamating aluminium with silicon carbide (SiC) at concentrations of 5% and 12%. To assess the tribological properties of these composites, a pin-on-drum wear analysis was executed. Throughout this scrutiny, meticulous monitoring of wear losses was undertaken over a predetermined traversal distance while subjecting the specimens to incremental loads spanning from 1, 2, & 3 kilograms. The results unequivocally demonstrated that, in concert with the increase in applied loads, the composite containing 12% silicon carbide exhibited a conspicuous mitigation in wear losses vis-à-vis its counterparts containing 5% silicon carbide. This augmented wear resistance observed in the 12% silicon carbide composite can be attributed to the heightened mass fraction of SiC particulates integrated into the composite matrix. These SiC particulates, functioning as reinforcing agents, contributed to an amplification in the composite's hardness and wear resistance. These findings not only yield invaluable insights into the tribological behaviour of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) but also elucidate the potential impact of supplementary performance parameters on their wear characteristics.
Impact of Smoking on MicroRNAs in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hajsadeghi Shokoufeh , Iranpour Aida , Mirshafiee Shayan , Nekouian Reza , Mollababaei Maryam , Motevalli Hamed , Ahmadi Seyyed Amir Yasin , Dakkali Mohammad Sedigh
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Given the importance of coronary artery disease and the range of cardiovascular disease phenotypes in smokers, as well as the potential genetic and epigenetic factors, we were motivated to explore the impact of smoking on some selected microRNAs associated with atherosclerosis.
Methods: A total of 60 individuals were selected in four groups including non-smoker without atherosclerosis (S-A-), non-smokers with atherosclerosis (S-A+), smokers without atherosclerosis (S+A-) and smokers with atherosclerosis (S+A+). Micro-RNA expression was investigated using real-time PCR. General linear model was used to calculate fold change (FC) considering S-A- as the reference group.
Results: For mir-34a, down-regulation was observed in S+A- (FC =0.13, P =0.007) and S+A+ (FC =0.23, P =0.036) groups. For mir-126-3p, down-regulation was observed in S-A+ group (FC =0.05, P =0.024). For mir-199, up-regulation was observed for S+A- group (FC =9.38, P =0.007). The only significant interaction between pack-years of smoking and number of atherosclerotic vessels was for mir-199 which was in favor of down-regulation (P =0.006), while the main effects were in favor of up-regulation (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Mir-34a expression may be affected by smoking, whereas mir-126-3p expression may be affected by atherosclerosis. The significant down-regulation of mir-199 for the interaction of smoking dose and severity of atherosclerosis was a notable finding showing the harmful consequence of this interaction. Further studies are needed for this micro-RNA.
WITHDRAWN: Interactions of the background state and eddies in shaping Aleutian Low variation
Authors: Lin Nan , Zhang Tuantuan , Ren Qiaoling , Cheung Ho‑Nam , Yang Song
Published: March 2024

The Aleutian Low (AL) is a dominant feature of the mean circulation in the North Pacific during the winter season. The background stationary wave, air-sea interaction, and transient eddies over the North Pacific exert distinct impacts on the interannual variations of the AL intensity and position. In this study, we adopt the geopotential tendency equation to investigate the roles of various physical processes in the maintenance and interannual variation of the AL. It shows that the absolute vorticity advection plays the most important role in the formation and maintenance of the AL intensity, while the high-frequency transient eddies contribute most to both the meridional and zonal shifts of the AL. The high-frequency transient eddy vorticity forcing affects the AL through barotropic energy conversion process, and in turn the AL enhances the high-frequency transient eddies through baroclinic energy conversion process, forming a positive feedback. The associated high-frequency eddy kinetic energy anomalies exhibit an eastward movement to the east coast of North America in the years of intensified AL, which explains why the strengthening of the AL is often accompanied by an eastward movement. Furthermore, the energy conversion terms of high-frequency transient eddies are mostly located over the eastern part of the extratropical North Pacific, leading to asymmetric features in the zonal movement of the AL.
A Risk-Based Model for Allocating Post-Earthquake Reconstruction Finance in Medium-Size Iranian Cities
Authors: Kazemiasl Niloofar , Motamed Hooman , Fazlavi Mohsen
Published: March 2024

This research proposes efficient financial resource allocation methods in post-earthquake urban reconstruction. Considering the economic challenges associated with such projects, having a predefined plan to identify and address gaps and challenges is crucial. The study emphasises the significance of conducting pre-disaster studies to manage post-disaster financial resources better. Metropolitan Tehran, particularly District 2 of Tehran municipality, was chosen as a case study due to its high importance, vulnerability, and risk. The research encompasses two main parts: seismic risk assessment and allocating financial resources for reconstruction. The first part employed risk analysis and computer programming for seismic risk modelling. In the second part, allocation methods for post-disaster budgets were proposed through interviews, past experiences, and computer programming. Various scenarios were considered for financial resource allocation, and an algorithm was developed to evaluate the reconstruction progress rate over time. The results indicate that, for optimistic, probable, and pessimistic scenarios, the post-earthquake reconstruction process for an urban area with characteristics similar to District 2 of Tehran municipality is estimated to conclude, on average, in 4.3, 9.2, and 11.3 years, respectively. This research provides valuable insights into effective resource allocation strategies, emphasising the importance of pre-disaster planning for efficient post-disaster reconstruction.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the evolution of the immune landscape during perihematomal edema progression after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Peng , Gao Cong , Guo Qiang , Yang Dongxu , Zhang Guangning , Lu Hao , Li Daojing
Published: March 2024

Background
Perihematomal edema (PHE) after post-intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has complex pathophysiological mechanisms that are poorly understood. The complicated immune response in the post-ICH brain constitutes a crucial component of PHE pathophysiology. In this study, we aimed to characterize the transcriptional profiles of immune cell populations in human PHE tissues and explore the microscopic differences between different types of immune cells.
Methods
ScRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to map immune cell populations within comprehensively resected PHE samples collected from patients at different stages after ICH.
Results
We established, for the first time, a comprehensive landscape of diverse immune cell populations in human PHE tissue at a single-cell level. Our study identified 12 microglial and five neutrophil subsets in human PHE tissue. What’s more, we discovered that the SPP1 pathway served as the basis for self-communication between microglia subclusters during the progression of PHE. Additionally, we traced the trajectory branches of different neutrophil subtypes. We also demonstrated that microglia-produced OPN could regulate the immune environment in PHE by interacting with CD44 cells.
Conclusions
As a result of our research, we have gained valuable insight into the immunomicroenvironment within PHE tissue, which could potentially be used to develop novel treatment modalities for ICH.
State of conservation of an industrial brick masonry chimney: a case-study in Montijo, Portugal
Authors: Gonçalves Teresa Diaz , Santos Teresa Oliveira
Published: March 2024

Industrial masonry chimneys emerged in the mid-19th century and eventually became integrated into urban landscapes, gaining significance as symbolic historical remnants of local industries. This poses new challenges, particularly concerning the safety of populations and goods, as well as the preservation of the now-historical structures. In this article, we assess the conservation status of the 45-meter-high chimney of the former cork processing factory Mundet, located in Montijo, Portugal. The study involved a structural survey conducted using height access equipment, along with an investigation to diagnose moisture and salt decay at the base of the chimney. The later included measuring current and hygroscopic moisture distributions, as well as XRD characterization of brick and mortar samples. At the chimney's base salt crystallization causes efflorescence and erosion, leading to masonry disintegration. This is associated with rising damp and the presence of sodium sulfate in the brick and sodium chloride in the mortar. In the shaft, mortar erosion becomes more pronounced as we ascend. At the crown, extensive mortar erosion and limited compression have caused the NE-facing half to disappear, while the rest is at risk of imminent collapse. Damage mitigation measures to address this situation are proposed.
Precarious but Possible: A Qualitative Study of the Landscape of Gig Work for People Living with Disabilities and Future Recommendations for Best Practices
Authors: Penner Sydney , Griffith Janessa , Hughes Emma , Karoli Kamilla , Stockdale Cameron
Published: March 2024

Aims
This qualitative study aims to explore and understand the experiences of individuals with disabilities who engage in gig work.
Methods
In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a diverse sample of participants living with one or more disabilities who are engaged in gig work. Thematic analysis was employed to identify common patterns, experiences, and challenges faced by participants.
Results
Preliminary findings indicate that the gig economy offers both opportunities and obstacles for people with disabilities. Opportunities include increased autonomy, flexible working hours, and the ability to leverage their unique skills and strengths. However, participants also reported encountering barriers such as income insecurity, discrimination, and a lack of benefits. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the nuanced experiences of participants based on factors such as disability type and the nature of work performed.
Conclusion
The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the gig economy's impact on people with disabilities and inform policy and practice recommendations to enhance inclusivity, accessibility, and support mechanisms within this emerging work paradigm. Future research can build upon these findings to develop interventions and strategies that promote equitable opportunities and address the specific needs of individuals with disabilities in the gig economy.
Composition and Genetic Diversity of Zooxanthellae Clades in Coral Pocillopora meandrina in a Bleaching Prone Atoll
Authors: Nangammada Sahab , Rajan Rajkumar , Reddy Santhosh Kumar , Raheem Abdul
Published: March 2024

Background
Coral hosts expelling the zooxanthellae from their tissues as a stress response is a major cause of coral loss in coral reefs worldwide. As the zooxanthellae exist in different clades, it is assumed that corals' responses to stress could depend on the composition and diversity of zooxanthellae clades in coral hosts. Knowledge of zooxanthellae characteristics, therefore, is crucial to understanding bleaching stress.
Methods and Results
We studied zooxanthellae clade characteristics in coral Pocillopora meandrina in a bleaching-prone atoll in the Lakshadweep archipelago. We found the coexistence of multiple clades, B, C, D, and E, in the genus Symbiodinium and clade C in Cladocopium within single hosts. Clade composition revealed the dominance of clade C with no significant difference among all samples across 5 and 10 m depths (R = -0.064, P > 0.9), supporting clade-host specificity. Significant differences among clades were observed from the pairwise distance data (R = 0.477, P = 0.0001; multivariate analysis of pairwise distance data - ANOSIM) and the genetic diversity analyses, where clade C exhibiting highest genetic diversity among Symbiodinium clades (Hn = 25, Hd = 1, π = 0.0133 at 5 m, and Hn = 18, Hd = 0.9, π = 0.0125 at 10 m).
Conclusions
These findings explain the consistent dominance of clade C among different localities and depth gradients, which could be a suitable clade adapting to different light and temperature conditions. The present study suggests that monitoring changes in clade composition and genetic diversity in coral hosts is crucial to understanding bleaching stress.
Heliox ventilation in older hypertensive ICU patients improves hemodynamics: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhou Lili , Chen Lihui , Zhuang Mingkai , Lin Jing , Zhang Hui , Weng Qinyong
Published: March 2024

Background: Conventional mechanical ventilation has adverse impacts on hemodynamics of older hypertensive ICU patients. Limited studies have addressed way to ameliorate these negative effects. This study aimed at determining if heliox ventilation mitigated the side-effects of conventional mechanical ventilation in senile hypertensive patients.
Methods: Seventy-nine older adults aged 65 to 95 years with essential hypertension who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation treatment, were divided into two groups: a control group of nitrogen-oxygen ventilation (n = 40) and an experimental group of heliox ventilation (n = 39). The control group received conventional room air ventilation and the experimental group innovatively adopted the closed heliox ventilation technique. All patients had appropriate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) values (5-8cmH2O) using the optimal oxygenation method under VCV mode throughout the study. Blood pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), heart rate (HR), and airway pressure were measured every hour.
Results: An increase of CVP and airway pressure coupled with a decrease of blood pressure and ScvO2 were observed in the control group as expected (p < 0.05). Comparatively, CVP and airway pressure reductions with an increased ScvO2 were observed in the experimental group (p < 0.05). In the experimental group, blood pressure and HR did not change significantly.
Conclusions: Heliox ventilation improves cardiac function and blood pressure in older hypertensives as compared with nitrogen-oxygen ventilation.
Trial registration
This trial was registered. The Chinese trial registration number is ChiCTR2100043945. The date of registration is 6-3-2021. The registered name is that heliox ventilation improves hemodynamics in older patients with hypertention admitted to the intensive care unit.
WITHDRAWN: Optimal configuration of photovoltaic/photothermal /AA-CAES capacity considering combined cooling, heating and power supply
Authors: Wu Chenxi , You wei , Zheng Jing , Huang Jianbo , He Zhongjie
Published: March 2024

In the dual carbon development environment, flexible combined renewable resources and energy storage system with IES(integrated energy system) becomes more and more important. Analyzing the coupling mechanism of multi-energy plays a significant role in low-carbon IES planning and operation. Therefore, in this paper, after fully considering the advantages of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) in the micro IES, the configuration and scheduling strategy of the micro IES with Solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T)/AA-CAES are optimized. Firstly, the CCHP(combined power/heating/cooling) characteristics of AA-CAES are modeled in detail. Its operation constraints are also established. Secondly, bi-level programming method is employed to solve the problem. Capacity is optimized in the upper level with the objective of minimizing the sum of benefit brought by AA-CAES and the fixed cost. Dispatch cost and the treating cost of carbon are optimized in the lower level. Finally, the obvious method proposed in this paper is simulated and analyzed with an industrial park .
Integrative Analysis of Toxicometabolomics and Toxicoproteomics Data: New Molecular Insights into Thiazolidinedione-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Sultan Abdullah Al , Rattray Zahra , Rattray Nicholas J. W.
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Despite the well-established efficacy of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), including pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, in type II diabetes management, their potential contribution to heart failure risk remains a significant area of uncertainty. This incomplete understanding, which persists despite decades of clinical use of TZDs, has generated ongoing controversy and unanswered questions regarding their safety profiles, ultimately limiting their broader clinical application.
Objective and Methods
This study presented a multi-omics approach, integrating toxicoproteomics and toxicometabolomics data with the goal of uncovering novel mechanistic insights into TZD cardiotoxicity and identifying molecular signatures predictive of side effect progression.
Results
Network analysis of proteo-metabolomic data revealed a distinct fingerprint of disrupted biochemical pathways, which were primarily related to energy metabolism. Downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid synthesis was coupled with increased activity in anaerobic glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and amino acid and purine metabolism. This suggests a potential metabolic shift in AC16 cells from fatty acid oxidation towards anaerobic glycolysis, potentially contributing to observed cardiotoxicity. Additionally, the study identified a marked disruption in the glutathione system, indicating an imbalanced redox state triggered by TZD exposure. Importantly, our analysis identified key molecular signatures across omics datasets, including prominent signatures of amino acids like L-ornithine, L-tyrosine and glutamine, which are established heart failure biomarkers, supporting their potential use for the early prediction of cardiotoxicity progression.
Conclusion
By uncovering a novel mechanistic explanation for TZD cardiotoxicity, this study simultaneously illuminates potential therapeutic interventions, opening avenues for future research to improve the safety profile of TZD agents.
Genetic Diversity Analysis and DNA Fingerprint Construction of Zanthoxylum Species Based on SSR and iPBS Markers
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxi , Chen Wei , Yang Zhiwu , Luo Chengrong , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Feng , Ye Jiabao , Liao Yongling
Published: March 2024

Zanthoxylum is a versatile economic tree species utilized for its spice, seasoning, oil, medicinal, and industrial raw material applications, and it has a lengthy history of cultivation and domestication in China. This has led to the development of numerous cultivars. However, the prevalence of mixed varieties and naming confusion significantly obstruct the effective use of Zanthoxylum resources and industry development. Consequently, conducting genetic diversity studies and variety identification on Zanthoxylum are crucial. This research analyzed the genetic traits of 80 Zanthoxylum cultivars using SSR and iPBS molecular markers, leading to the creation of a DNA fingerprint. This study identified 206 and 127 alleles with 32 SSR markers and 10 iPBS markers, respectively, yielding an average of 6.4 and 12.7 alleles (Na) per marker. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) for the SSR and iPBS markers was 0.710 and 0.281, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficients for the 80 Zanthoxylum accessions ranged from 0.0947 to 0.9868 and from 0.2206 to 1.0000, with mean values of 0.3864 and 0.5215, respectively, indicating substantial genetic diversity. Cluster analysis, corroborated by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), categorized these accessions into three primary groups. Analysis of the genetic differentiation among the three Zanthoxylum (Z. bungeanum, Z. armatum, and Z. piperitum) populations using SSR markers revealed a mean genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) of 0.335 and a gene flow (Nm) of 0.629, suggesting significant genetic divergence among the populations. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) indicated that 65% of the genetic variation occurred within individuals, while 35% occurred among populations. Bayesian model-based analysis of population genetic structure divided all materials into two groups. The combined PI and PIsibs value of the 32 SSR markers were 4.265 × 10− 27 and 1.282 × 10− 11, respectively, showing strong fingerprinting power. DNA fingerprints of the 80 cultivars were established using eight pairs of SSR primers, each assigned a unique numerical code. In summary, while both markers were effective at assessing the genetic diversity and relationships of Zanthoxylum species, SSR markers demonstrated superior polymorphism and variety discrimination compared to iPBS markers. These findings offer a scientific foundation for the conservation and sustainable use of Zanthoxylum species.
A Pandoraea sp. strain efficiently degrades chlorobenzene via monooxygenation pathways with high potential for groundwater bioremediation
Authors: Pan Lixu , Yuan Bo , Li Qingqing , Ouyang Ji , Yang Jie , Zhou Yan , Cui Changzheng
Published: March 2024

Chlorobenzene (CB) is often detected in contaminated soil and groundwater at in-service petrochemical facilities. Given the high safety requirements for these petrochemical facilities, a sustainable and low-consumption microbial remediation technology is preferred. The aim of this study was to isolate an efficient chlorobenzene-degrading bacterial strain and understand its degradation mechanism to be used for in-situ bioremediation of chlorobenzene-contaminated sites in in-service petrochemical enterprises. A degrading bacterium was isolated from chlorobenzene-contaminated soil at a pesticide plant, identified as Pandoraea sp. XJJ-1 (CCTCC M 2021057). This strain completely degraded 100 mg·L− 1 CB and showed extensive degradability across a range of pH (5.0–9.0), temperature (10°C-37°C), and CB concentrations (100–600 mg·L− 1). Notably, the degradation efficiency was 85.2% at 15°C, and the strain could also degrade six other aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (o-, m-, p-). The metabolic pathway of chlorobenzene was inferred using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and genomic analysis. In strain XJJ-1, CB was metabolized to o-chlorophenol and 3-chloroxychol by chlorobenzene monooxygenase, followed by ortho-cleavage by the action of 3-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase. This is the first report of chlorobenzene monooxygenase as the rate-limiting step in Pandoraea spp.. Strain XJJ-1, which exhibits excellent degradation ability for CB at low temperatures, was isolated in this study. Moreover, the presence of the chlorobenzene monooxygenation pathway metabolism in strain XJJ-1 is reported for the first time in Pandoraea. As a biomaterial with low temperature resistance and composite pollutant degradation capacity, strain XJJ-1 has potential applications prospects in the in-situ bioremediation of chlorobenzene-contaminated sites.
Patterns in Isotopic Compositions, Nucleon Numbers, and Magic Numbers
Authors: Lin Jingfeng
Published: March 2024

This paper identifies a distinct pattern in the nuclear stability of isotopes with a nucleon number A = S(S+1)-2. It posits that S represents an ordinal number corresponding to a shell, with the maximum observed value of S being 16. The relation A=S(S+1) lies in a close packed hexagonal arrangement pattern. In this configuration, as neutrons fill certain shells to form closed loops, and each neutron couples with one or more protons in adjacent shells, the total number of neutrons or protons corresponds to magic numbers. This deduction leads to the elucidation of the nucleon arrangement patterns for each nuclide. The paper presents the nucleon arrangement schemes for 20 key nuclides and traces the evolution of shell structures. Regularities in the nucleon numbers of isotopes with the highest relative abundance, magic number phenomena, and the inversion of elemental atomic masses serve as evidence supporting these nucleon arrangement patterns. The proposed regularities and patterns unexpectedly emerge through an intriguing toroidal helix model. This study requires reference to the concept of an “electron cloud,” assuming nucleons as a toroidal helical “nucleon cloud” to explore the interaction mechanisms among nucleons. The structural model is novel, and further research must comprehensively cover a wide range of nuclear characteristics.
Effect of embryos quality on the sex ratio of neonates
Authors: Zhu Jie , Ni Feng , Wang Cunli , Cao Zhenyi , Luan Kang , Wu Yan , Yin Hui-Qun
Published: March 2024

Purpose
To investigate the effect of embryos developmental stage and morphological grade on the sex ratio of neonates at birth.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study, and including 5339 singletons born from IVF/ICSI (fresh and frozen) embryos transfer cycles between 2011 and 2022 at the Center for Reproductive Medicine of the 901st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA. Only single embryo transfer (SET) or equal grade embryos transfer and resulting in a singleton gestations and live birth were included. Donors (oocytes or sperm) and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) treatment were excluded. Demographics, cycle characteristics and assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the percentage of males at birth for association with embryos quality and morphological parameters.
Results
Transfer with good grade embryos (GGE) significantly increased percentage of male neonates in comparing with low grade embryos (LGE) (54.2% versus 46.0%, P = 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounding variables, logistic regression indicated that when compared to GGE, LGE decreased the percentage of male neonates (odd ratio (OR) 0.741, 95% CI 0.592–0.927, P = 0.009), as well as with low grade blastocysts (LGB) was significantly associated with reduced percentage of male neonates when compared to good grade blastocysts (GGB) (OR 0.740, 95% CI 0.591–0.926, P = 0.008), however, it has not shown a relationship between cleavage stage embryos (good and low grades) transfer and sex at birth. Moreover, in SET cycles, the speed of embryonic development (7–8 cells, ≥ 9 cells and ≤ 6 cells) in cleavage stage embryos was not shown to be significantly associated with the sex at birth (P = 0.467), in addition, the percentage of male neonates was found to be significantly different from the reference category (blastocyst grading AA, P < 0.0001), only for blastocyst grading BC (OR 0.309, 95% CI 0.141–0.676, P = 0.003) and CB (OR 0.501, 95% CI 0.253–0.992, P = 0.047), compared to the reference category in blastocyst stage embryo transfer cycles. Furthermore, the data were stratified by categorical variables (blastocyst quality and developmental culture days (day 5 and day 6/7)), after pairwise comparison, the result showed that day 5 LGB was significantly lower than day 5 GGB (46.7% versus 55.6%, P = 0.013), the variations were no statistically significant differences with day 6/7 LGB and day 6/7 GGB were found. Finally, there were no statistically significant differences in the percentage of males at birth between low grade cleavage stage embryos (LGC) and good grade cleavage stage embryos (GGC) (47.5% versus 52.9%, respectively).
Conclusion
The morphological scores of cleavage stage embryos were not associated with sex ratio bias. The transfer of GGB has a higher probability of being male than LGB, particularly for day 5 GGB.
Testing the reproducibility and effectiveness of deep learning models among clinics: sperm detection as a pilot study
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Jin Yufei , Jiang Aojun , Chen Wenyuan , Shan Guanqiao , Gu Yifan , Ming Yue , Li Jichang , Yue Chunfeng , Huang Zongjie , Librach Clifford , Lin Ge , Wang Xibu , Zhao Huan , Sun Yu , Zhang Zhuoran
Published: March 2024

Background:
Deep learning has been increasingly investigated for assisting clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF). The first technical step in many tasks is to visually detect and locate sperm, oocytes, and embryos in images. For clinical deployment of such deep learning models, different clinics use different image acquisition hardware and different sample preprocessing protocols, raising the concern over whether the reported accuracy of a deep learning model by one clinic could be reproduced in another clinic. Here we aim to investigate the effect of each imaging factor on the reproducibility of object detection models, using sperm analysis as a pilot example.
Methods:
Ablation studies were performed using state-of-the-art models for detecting human sperm to quantitatively assess how model precision (false-positive detection) and recall (missed detection) were affected by imaging magnification, imaging mode, and sample preprocessing protocols. The results led to the hypothesis that the richness of image acquisition conditions in a training dataset deterministically affects model reproducibility. The hypothesis was tested by first enriching the training dataset with a wide range of imaging conditions, then validated through internal blind tests on new samples and external multi-center clinical validations.
Results:
Ablation experiments revealed that removing subsets of data from the training dataset significantly reduced model precision. Removing raw sample images from the training dataset caused the largest drop in model precision, whereas removing 20x images caused the largest drop in model recall. by incorporating different imaging and sample preprocessing conditions into a rich training dataset, the model achieved an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94-0.99) for precision, and an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93-0.99) for recall. Multi-center clinical validation showed no significant differences in model precision or recall across different clinics and applications.
Conclusions:
The results validated the hypothesis that the richness of data in the training dataset is a key factor impacting model reproducibility. These findings highlight the importance of diversity in a training dataset for model evaluation and suggest that future deep learning models in andrology and reproductive medicine should incorporate comprehensive feature sets for enhanced reproducibility across clinics.
Development and validation of a realistic neonatal intestinal atresia simulator for the training of pediatric surgeons
Authors: Montero Javier Arredondo , Asfura Oscar Emilio Bueso , Riveros Blanca Paola Pérez , Calvo Nerea Martín , Pueyo Francisco Javier , Castaño Nicolás López de Aguileta
Published: March 2024

Background
Neonatal surgical pathology presents high technical complexity and few opportunities for training. Many of the neonatal surgical entities are not replicable in animal models. The use of realistic 3D models is a cost-effective and efficient alternative for the training of new generations of pediatric surgeons.
Methods
We conceptualized, designed, and produced an anatomically realistic model for the open correction of jejunoileal atresia. We validated it with two groups of participants (experts and non-experts) through face, construct, and content validity questionnaires.
Results
The model was validated by 11 experts and 9 non-experts. The mean procedure time for the experts and non-experts groups was 41 and 42 minutes respectively. Six non-experts and one expert did not complete the procedure at the designed time (45 minutes) (p = 0.02). The mean score of face validity was 3.1 out of 4. Regarding construct validity, we found statistically significant differences between groups for the correct calculation of the section length of the antimesenteric border (Nixon's technique) (p < 0.01). Concerning content validity, the mean score was 3.3 out of 4 in the experts group and 3.4 out of 4 in the non-experts group.
Conclusions
The present model is a realistic and low-cost valid option for the training of open correction of jejunoileal atresia. Future studies with larger sample sizes and blinded validators are needed before drawing definitive conclusions.
Complex homeopathic therapy of acute infectious rhinitis
Authors: Krivopalov A. A. , Ryazansev S. V. , Shamkina P. A.
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the use of the combined drug Coryzalia in the treatment of acute rhinitis. The advantages of Coryzalia are the possibility of using it at any stage of treatment, combination with other drugs. The complex of active ingredients that make up the drug, has anti-inflammatory, antisecretory and detoxifying effects. The results of various studies confirm the high safety profile and efficacy of Coryzalia not only for adults, but also for treatment of children.
Development of intensity–duration–frequency relationships in Khon Kaen City, Thailand under changing climate using GCMs and a simple scaling method
Authors: Tedprasith Kanjana , Lohpaisankrit Worapong
Published: March 2024

This study analyses the annual maximum (AM) rainfall series (1991–2022) in Khon Kaen City, Thailand. The AM rainfall series ranging from 3 to 24 h was best fitted to the Log-Pearson Type-III distribution. Notably, our findings reveal linear relationships between the moments of rainfall intensities and durations establishing the practicality of the simple scaling method for disaggregating 24-h AM rainfall data. Additionally, the results of this method are influenced by factors such as sample size, rainfall durations and the chosen probability distribution. Comparisons between intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves obtained through the simple scaling method and those derived from traditional frequency analysis provide valuable insights. Furthermore, this method was applied to bias-corrected rainfall data of 15 global climate models facilitating the generation of future IDF curves under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Our results highlight that rainfall events in the SSP5-8.5 scenario are projected to exhibit higher intensities emphasizing the need to understand and prepare for increased rainfall extremes in the context of climate change. This research contributes valuable insights into rainfall analysis and prediction techniques, which are crucial for effective water resource management and climate adaptation strategies in the Khon Kaen region.
Treatment of greywater with nanofiltration for nutrient removal – 2-year experience from Helsingborg
Authors: Hall Ashley , Widén Amanda , Edefell Ellen , Davidsson Åsa , Kjerstadius Hamse
Published: March 2024

Source-separated sanitation and greywater treatment have become an increasingly attractive alternative to traditional wastewater management systems in recent years due to their potential to combat water scarcity, ease resource recovery, and meet tightening effluent demands. In Helsingborg, Sweden, source-separated wastewater from the new city district of Oceanhamnen is being collected and treated in a new treatment plant (RecoLab) to test, among other issues, how efficient greywater treatment can be in achieving low discharge limits for pollutants. The greywater treatment consists of activated sludge treatment, drum filter micro-sieving, and nanofiltration. In the first two years of operation, the robustness of the treatment system during periods with extreme conditions, e.g., very low and very high organic matter concentrations, was tested. The combination of biological treatment and nanofiltration has achieved stable effluent concentrations below 10 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, 2 mg/L total nitrogen, and 0.2 mg/L total phosphorus as average values for 22 months of operation with an average flow of 43 m3/day. The treatment system for greywater treatment thus shows the possibility to achieve low discharge limits and meet the new proposed effluent demands of the EU Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive.