bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OS IMPACTOS NEUROQUÍMICOS DA DEFICIÊNCIA DE PIRIDOXINA NA ETIOLOGIA DA DEPRESSÃO
Authors: Coutinho João Victor De Sousa , Pessini Pietra Cristina Gomes
Published: April 2022

Introdução: A depressão é uma das principais doenças presentes no mundo, estima-se que 300 milhões de pessoas sofram com depressão no mundo, dentre as quais, 11,5 milhões são brasileiras. Diante de tal realidade, torna-se notório a gravidade desse problema de saúde pública, e a adoção de medidas estatisticamente redutoras passa ser algo imprescindível. Há uma grande relação entre deficiência de serotonina com a gêneses dessa doença, mesmo que os mecanismos etiológicos não sejam evidentes na atualidade. Objetivo: O foco desse estudo consiste em correlacionar a deficiência de piridoxina com os problemas na síntese de serotonina, afetando diretamente o comportamento humano, podendo gerar ou agravar a depressão. Material e métodos: A presente pesquisa consiste num estudo descritivo de caráter qualitativo, baseado em revisão bibliográfica oriunda de artigos derivados de bases de dados consolidadas como SciELO, PUBMED, BVS e demais bases de informação, mediante aos descritores "depressão"; "piridoxina"; "serotonina". após isso obteve-se 42 artigos, desses 9 possuíam maior relevância para o trabalho, sendo esses nos idiomas ingês e português. Resultados: Uma nutrição balanceada torna-se primordial para a regulação bioquímica do sistema nervoso central e dos demais sistemas biológicos que sofrem interferência direta do neurotransmissor serotonina, que é o responsável pelo balanço homeostático do organismo humano. Entretanto, há uma incapacidade de haver absorção desse oriunda de alimentos, sendo necessário a síntese de forma interna. Para que essa ocorra é necessário a presença de certos insumos metabólicos em quantidades ideais, como íons magnésio, o triptofano e sobretudo a coenzima piridoxina. Essa coenzima é fundamental para a regulação dessa síntese, e baixos níveis sistêmicos de piridoxina influenciarão diretamente nesse processo químico. Logo, evidencia-se que a redução no índice de síntese serotoninérgica está relacionada a gênese da patologia depressiva oriunda de fatores biológicos, além de poder agravar a depressão derivada de fatores físicos e genéticos. Conclusão: Diante disso é notório a primordialidade da piridoxina nos processos catalíticos envolvendo a serotonina, e que uma alimentação balanceada torna-se essencial para tratar e prevenir a depressão. Outrossim, há uma necessidade de componentes básicos para o funcionamento do organismo e a piridoxina inclui-se nesses.
O CONHECIMENTO DE AGENTES DE COMBATE ÀS ENDEMIAS SOBRE A LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Rodrigues Júlia Costa , Oliveira Lara De Souza , Silva Bruna Carol Oliveira Da
Published: April 2022

Introdução: A Leishmaniose Visceral ou Calazar é uma doença endêmica em várias regiões do mundo, podendo ser capaz de produzir surtos epidêmicos de alta gravidade. A transmissão da doença ocorre pela picada de um inseto conhecido popularmente como “mosquito palha” ou birigui. Possui como agente etiológico a Leishmania chagasi, sendo a Lutzomia longipalpis o principal vetor na sua transmissão e o cão (Canis familiares), principal reservatório natural. Objetivo: Dentro desse contexto, esse estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre conhecimento dos Agentes de Endemias, em relação às ações de controle e medidas preventivas relacionadas a essa zoonose. Material e métodos: Para pesquisa, foram consultadas as bases de dados eletrônicas: Scielo e Medline (via Pubmed). Utilizou-se como critérios de inclusão, estudos publicados entre os anos de 2015 a 2020, nos idiomas inglês e português. Resultados: Com base na literatura científica, foram identificados 20 resultados que contemplavam o assunto, sendo selecionadas 8 publicações que atendiam todos os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Ademais, foi analisado o conhecimento sobre a doença, a forma de transmissão, prevenção e controle, além das características sociodemográficas dos profissionais envolvidos. Através dos achados desse estudo, foi possível observar lacunas conceituais nos profissionais de saúde participantes da pesquisa e desconhecimento sobre a prevenção e controle. Conclusão: É importante avançar na compreensão da Leishmaniose, e contemplar a percepção de atores sociais diretamente envolvidos com o ciclo da doença. Sendo assim, é necessário incentivar ações preventivas da doença por parte do governo e da sociedade, numa perspectiva de troca de conhecimentos entre profissionais da saúde e a comunidade.
ESTRATÉGIAS FARMACOTERAPÊUTICAS COM AGONISTAS DE GNRH PARA O TRATAMENTO DA PUBERDADE PRECOCE CENTRAL: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Santos Brenda Do Socorro De Oliveira , Alves Nierlly Valessa Da Silva , Camapum Thereza Rhamonny Teixeira , Andrade Antônia De Jesus Dutra , Castro Daniel Santos
Published: April 2022

Introdução: A puberdade precoce, caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento das características sexuais secundárias antes da idade esperada, é dividida em Puberdade Precoce Central (PPC) quando há ativação do sistema hipotálamo-hipófise-gônadas pelo hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH) e Puberdade Precoce Periférica (PPP) quando resulta da produção dos hormônios sexuais por fontes endógenas ou exógenas. O tratamento de escolha para essa patologia é a utilização de agonistas de GnRH, na qual atuam bloqueando o eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gônadas. Objetivo: Por isso, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as estratégias farmacoterapêuticas com agonistas da GnRH no tratamento da puberdade precoce. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, sendo utilizadas como bases de dados para a revisão: PubMed, LILACS, consultadas por meio do site BVS (Biblioteca Virtual e Saúde) e SciELO. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que a Puberdade Precoce Central é uma patologia frequentemente associada a pacientes do sexo feminino, devido a facilidade da identificação dos sinais como a telarca precoce e a reduzida identificação em meninos em razão da baixa procura por atendimento especializado e desconhecimento dos pais quanto aos sinais e início da puberdade. Logo, os análogos de GnRH mais utilizados para o tratamento de PPC são: o Acetato de Leuprorrelina 11,25 mg (92,2%), o Acetato de Leuprorrelina de 3,75mg (2%); e a Triptorrelina de 11,25 mg (5,9%). Conclusão: Assim, estudos como este possibilitam conhecer o perfil das crianças diagnosticadas, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de ações específicas para ampliar a qualidade dos tratamentos e a disseminação de informações que contribuam para o diagnóstico precoce de crianças com Puberdade Precoce.
The Film Industry as a Sector of the Economy: Current Problems and Trends
Authors: Manakbayeva A. B.
Published: April 2022

Nowadays, the film industry is an important sector of the economy of many countries. Scientific interest in the research of cinema will grow with each passing day. This is because the film industry, consisting of producers and commercial organizations, is an object of investment and a successful asset. The article focuses on defining the role of the film industry in Kazakhstan’s economic and social development. The article’s primary goal is to identify and discuss current problems and trends in the development of the domestic film industry by analyzing its current state. The paper reveals the essence of the three main functions of the film industry - economic, social and ideological. The current state of the domestic film industry is analyzed by the use of statistical and sociological data. Relevant issues, socio-economic peculiarities, critical participants in the film market of Kazakhstan were considered. The research results established that private film companies dominate the domestic film business. The market is dominated byproducts of the foreign film industry, evidenced by their financial receipts. The task of increasing the share of domestic films, including national cinema in the film market, becomes more relevant. In addition, the article presents the problems that prevent the development of the domestic film industry and the factors that contribute to its further development. These factors include improving public administration in the field of cinematography, the establishment of clear parameters for the quality of domestic films, ensuring the principles of accessibility of Kazakhstani films.
The Main Factors and Trends of Urbanization in Kazakhstan: Analysis and Recommendations
Authors: Nurlanova N. K. , Tleuberdinova A. , Saparbek N.
Published: April 2022

With the development of industry, the industrialization of agriculture, the strengthening of Industry 4.0 trends in all countries of the world, the trends of migration of rural residents to cities, and the pace of urbanization are increasing. The purpose of the article was to study the main factors determining the trends, intensity, and specificity of urbanization processes in Kazakhstan. The methods of retrospective analysis, analogies, logical analysis, generalizations, demographic and economic statistics, index, graphic, comparative analysis, absolute and relative indicators of demography and migration, methods of the theory of differentiated urbanization are used. Specific methods were applied to calculate the coefficients of urbanization intensity. To achieve the goal, a comparative analysis of theoretical views on trends and factors of urbanization was carried out. Based on statistical data, a comparative analysis of the birth rate, the level, and quality of life, the level of poverty in cities and villages of Kazakhstan was carried out. The dynamics, orientation, and territorial distribution of urbanization processes are revealed. To determine the hierarchies of cities depending on the population, Zipf curves were calculated, ranking of cities was carried out. It is concluded that the processes of urbanization in the country are uneven, as well as that the factors of urbanization are fully manifested in Kazakhstan’s conditions and determine its trends and intensity. Based on the identified trends and problems of urbanization, recommendations on the choice of the main directions and mechanisms for regulating the processes of urbanization in Kazakhstan are substantiated.
Factors of Production of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kurmanova G. K. , Sukhanberdina B. B. , Urazova B. А.
Published: April 2022

The article considers the resource potential of such an industry as agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The need to study the factors of production is not in doubt since the influence of resource potential affects all levels of the economy. At the macro level, this is the production of the total social product; at the meso level - the production of the gross regional product; at the micro-level - the company’s production of marketable products. The factors of production, which include labor resources, natural and biological factors, capital, entrepreneurial abilities, are studied on the example of the agricultural sector. The assessment of agricultural production factors of the Republic of Kazakhstan is given. Practical aspects of the content of production factors based on economic statistical information are revealed. The analysis of the economic dynamics of agriculture at the present stage of management is carried out. It was revealed that crop production prevails in the structure of the gross agricultural output. Animal husbandry and farming services occupy a smaller share. The characteristic of the acreage distribution by regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan is given. The tendencies of supply in the rural labor market are considered. The primary investment areas have been identified as the need for capital investments increases in domestic agriculture. The service life and wear indicator of agricultural machinery give grounds to assert that the capital factor is insufficient for the industry under study, which significantly reduces the possibilities of expanded reproduction.
CBRN Incident Awareness of Healthcare Professionals Working in Public and University Hospitals
Authors: ÖRÜN Serhat , TÜRKERİ Büşranur , DOĞTAŞ Zeliha , AKÖZ Ayhan
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study is to investigate the perception, information and experiences of healthcare professionals working in public and university hospitals who will respond to the CBRN incidents in order to raise an awareness for requirements of knowledge, training and practice about this topic.

Methodology

Our study was a survey study. Data acquisition were carried out between the dates 10.05.2021-10.11.2021. The questionnaire was applied to health care professionals working in public and university hospitals. There were 26 questions in our questionnaire. Questions were prepared to be short, clear and understandable. Each question was provided with 3 options as “Yes/No/Partially”.

Results

A total of 103 people participated to the study. 65 (63.1%) of the participants were male, 38 (36.9%) were female. The ages of the participants were categorically evaluated and 44 (42.7%) were in age group 26-35, 38 (36.9%) were in 18-25, 17 (16.5%) were in 36-45, and 4 (3.9%) were above 46.

When the answers were evaluated according to education status, people with bachelor’s degree answered “Yes” to the question “Injured people with possible exposure to an CBRN agent are accepted to the emergency service after decontamination process in the health care facility I work in” significantly higher than the other groups (p:0.04).

The question of “I have come across with hospitalized injured in the region I work” were answered as “No” by 17 doctors, 41 nurses, and “Yes” by 1 doctor and 1 nurse, while the majority of people answering “Yes” to this question were emergency medical technician and paramedics. The difference was statistically significant (p
Educación para el emprendimiento: un enfoque orientado a incrementar las posibilidades de éxito y evitar el fracaso prematuro
Authors: Puerta Gómez Joaquín , Aceituno Aceituno Pedro , Burgos García María Concepción
Published: April 2022

La baja tasa de actividad emprendedora en España contrasta con que nuestro país esté considerado como uno de los entonos más propicios para emprender y, todo ello, a pesar del esfuerzo llevado a cabo por los poderes públicos durante los últimos lustros por tratar de impulsar el emprendimiento. Ante esta situación y teniendo en cuenta el riesgo que entraña esta alternativa profesional, conviene plantearse si, antes de incentivar el emprendimiento, sería conveniente dotar a los nuevos emprendedores de las destrezas y habilidades necesarias para incrementar sus posibilidades de éxito y evitar el fracaso de los proyectos incipientes. Este artículo tiene por objeto descubrir los factores que resultan determinantes del éxito en los emprendedores y vincularlos con la educación, de manera que pueda actuarse sobre ellos desde este ámbito y así lograr un emprendimiento de calidad. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de la abundante literatura académica existente sobre la materia. Se partió de una preselección de 398 publicaciones de las que, tras un exhaustivo proceso de filtrado, se terminaron utilizando 82. Tras el análisis de estas fuentes, se concluyó que, para incrementar la tasa de emprendedores y lograr un emprendimiento de calidad, es necesario integrar en el sistema educativo las capacidades y los valores emprendedores desde temprana edad, elaborando una estrategia formativa orientada a dotar a los nuevos emprendedores de los factores que resulten determinantes para el éxito y eviten el fracaso prematuro.
El poder emocional de las campañas publicitarias conceptualizadas con dichos y refranes populares: El caso de la cerveza Poker en Colombia
Authors: Sánchez-Crespo Isidro , Carrasco-Santos María Jesús , Soto Zambrano Carlos Alberto , Cristófol-Rodríguez Carmen
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo propone un acercamiento a la efectividad y al poder emocional de las campañas publicitarias para generar insights o experiencias relevantes en los consumidores a través de elementos de la cultura popular en Colombia. Se analiza el caso de la cerveza Poker y su impacto en diferentes grupos del público colombiano. El objetivo principal es evaluar la conexión emocional que generan las campañas publicitarias de Poker en relación con su conceptualización sobre la amistad y el empleo de dichos y refranes populares, mediante la aplicación de técnicas de investigación cualitativa y de neuromarketing. La marca Poker ha evolucionado constantemente en función de su promesa de valor, pasando de una concepción completamente lógica y racional de las características del producto a una concepción completamente emocional e intuitiva basada en experiencias vitales de la vida cotidiana del público colombiano. Se valida que la línea del mensaje comunicacional que han desarrollado basado en refranes y proverbios ha tenido un gran impacto en las personas, ha generado una percepción positiva y mayor engagement de ellas hacia la marca. Esta investigación ha dado respuesta al objetivo planteado al inicio de este trabajo en cuanto a la evaluación de la efectividad de las campañas publicitarias de cerveza conceptualizadas con refranes o proverbios colombianos y la conexión emocional que generan en el público.
Ndebele spirituality as pathways to peace and healing in Zimbabwe
Authors:   , Moyo Seth Thembelihle
Published: April 2022

Recently there has been a call to deepen an understanding of African spirituality and its implications, in terms of understanding how it can strengthen the lives of Africans. Several scholars have written about different African groups thereby unveiling its richness and potential to act as a resource in dealing with many contemporary problems. Little however was done in relation to Ndebele spirituality, thereby prompting the need for this study. Furthermore, there have been arguments that peace and community building programs implemented in Zimbabwe are elitist, and therefore ignore the needs of ordinary people at grassroots level. This study sought to contribute to the growing body of scholarly work on African spirituality, by exploring Ndebele spirituality in particular. A qualitative research approach was used and was guided by ethnographic principles. Its primary aim was, to explore the values and principles underpinning Ndebele spirituality and to inquire about how its customs and healing methodologies can be used to rebuild community life. Purposive sampling and snow balling sampling were used to choose the sample which consisted of traditional healers and elders and community members. An interview guide was used to collect data, during semi-structured interviews that were held with these participants. The data reflected the following major themes viz. the philosophy underpinning Ndebele spirituality, values related to Ndebele spirituality, customs, rituals and healing methodologies. Ubuntu emerged as the overriding philosophy which guides every aspect of Ndebele spirituality. This means that Ndebele people approach their day-to-day life and spirituality in a collective manner. The Ndebele believe in the collective, hence healing methodologies are designed to restore and maintain both the individual, but mainly the collective. Therefore, the study recommended that people revert to the principles of Ubuntu which ensure working and living together
Building capacity in the development and implementation of nonviolent campaigns in South Sudan
Authors:   , John Moses
Published: April 2022

Civil society’s role and influence in peacebuilding has increasingly been recognized globally. As such, substantive attention has been given towards strengthening civil society capacities, especially in countries experiencing protracted conflicts. This thesis focuses on building the capacity of civil society in the development and implementation of nonviolent campaigns to transform socio-economic and political conflicts in South Sudan. Despite, limited civic space, repression from local authorities and challenges of limited capacity, South Sudanese have demonstrated their audacity to challenge entrenched power and that they are by no means a passive people. The study establishes that the civil society, employees of public and private sectors have on several occasions implemented the techniques of nonviolence. However, South Sudanese campaigns lack strategic focus, have not been sequenced, carried out systematically and in coordinated manner to change the worsening political, economic and social conditions. Following an action research approach, qualitative data was gathered using focus group discussions, interviews, questionnaires and structured observations. This was used to develop a nonviolent action training curriculum and the subsequent training of 24 participants. The short-term outcomes of this study indicate that the action research participants not only learned together, shared information and established sustainable networks, but also used tactics of peaceful marches, petitions, press statements, sit-ins, political non-cooperation and other forms of nonviolent campaigns to advance social, political, and economic change. The study concludes in that supporting civil society with technical skills, knowledge in nonviolent campaigning and coherent peacebuilding and financial resources is critical for building safe, democratic and prosperous country. The CSOs also need to focus on building social and political conscience of society’s members to value, appreciate and consider nonviolent responses to conflicts in order to reduce the culture of violent insurrection in South Sudan.
Cut-off values in newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Adbul Rafiq , Alothaim Ali , Alfares Ahmed , Jowed Adil , Enazi Souad Marwan Al , Ghamdi Saad Mohammed Al , Seneid Ahmed Al , Algahtani Areej , Zahrani Saleh Al , AlFadhel Majid , Aldibasi Omar , AlOmair Lamya Abdulaziz , Bajudah Rafah , Alanazie Abeer Nawaf
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

Newborn screening identifies individuals affected by a specific disorder within an apparently healthy population prior to the appearance of symptoms so that appropriate interventions can be initiated in time to minimize the harmful effects. Data on population based cut-off values, disease ranges for true positive cases, false positive rates, true positive rates, cut-off verification and comparisons with international cut-off ranges have not been done for Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE:

Establish population-based cut-off values and analyte ratios for newborn screening assays and clinically validate the values.

DESIGN:

Population-based screening.

SETTING:

Tertiary care hospitals and laboratories.

METHODS:

After method verification, initial cut-off values were established by analyzing 400-500 dry blood spot (DBS) samples which were further evaluated after one year. About 74 000 patient results were reviewed to establish cut-off ranges from DBS samples received from five different hospitals during 2013-2020. Analysis was performed by tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) and a genetic screening processor. Confirmation of initial positive newborn screening results for different analytes were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography and TMS.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Cut-off values, ratios, positive predictive values, false positive rate, true positive rate and disease range.

SAMPLE SIZE:

74 000 samples.

RESULTS:

Population based cut-off values were calculated at different percentiles. These values were compared with 156 true positive samples and 80 proficiency samples. The false positive rate was less than 0.04 for all the analytes, except for valine, leucine, isovalerylcarnitine (C5), biotinidase (BTD), 17-hydroxyprogesterone and thyroid stimulating hormone. The highest false positive rate was 0.14 for BTD which was due to pre-analytical errors. The analytical positive predictive values were greater than 80% throughout the eight years.

CONCLUSION:

We have established clinical disease ranges for most of the analytes tested in our lab and several ratios which gives excellent screening specificity and sensitivity for early detection. The samples were representative of the local populations.

LIMITATIONS:

Need for wider, population-based studies.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
MEJORAMIENTO NUTRICIONAL, ENTORNO AMBIENTAL Y PSICOMOTOR EN DESNUTRIDOS CRÓNICOS MENORES CON LA ESTRATEGIA CLAPSEN COMUNITARIA
Authors: Sevilla Paz Ricardo Soldán , Zalles Cueto Lourdes , Mollo Pablo , Erostegui Carlos , Perez Zabaleta Anahi , Rivera Tolava Noelia
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: Mejorar el estado nutricional, el desarrollo psicomotor y el entorno en niños preescolares condesnutrición crónica en zonas rurales. Materiales y métodos: 53 niños ingresaron al estudio de intervenciónepidemiológica de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión. Para la evaluación inicial y final se incorporaron las tresdimensiones, por un lado el estado nutricional caracterizado por antropometría, clínica y laboratorio, por otrolado el desarrollo psicomotor a partir de la escala de Denver y por último el entorno ambiental según la escalade porcentajes. El seguimiento se realizó con la estrategia CLAPSEN COMMUNITY que incide en las áreasClínica, Laboratorio, Antropometría, Psicología, Social, Educación y Nutrición. El proceso fue llevado a cabo porun equipo multidisciplinario, mediante el uso de folletos educativos, charlas, talleres y ferias comunitarias condiversas temáticas. Se introTdujo el instrumento de seguimiento de la "mochila nutricional". Se desarrollaronhuertos familiares, se entregaron suplementos nutricionales y se realizó el manejo del estrés y la estimulacióndel desarrollo psicomotor del niño. Resultados: Dimensión nutricional: crecimiento al ingreso: -2,11 ± 0,7 DS a:0,67 ± 0,3 DE (p <0,000) al alta; Hb: 10,4g / dl5 ± 3,3 a: 12,54g / dl ± 1,2 (p> 0,001); Ferritina de: 12,81 ± 9,65mg/ dl a: 19,60 ± 1011mg / l (p <0,003). Desarrollo: las habilidades motoras gruesas mejoraron de 76,1 ± 14 SD a95,1 ± 5,7 SD (p≤0,000).
THEORETICAL ISSUES IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AT HANOI METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 4.0 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Authors: To Hong Duc , Mai Hoang Thi
Published: April 2022

People have mentioned more about digital transformation in the last few years, especially in the economic, business, and service sectors. In education, it is not until the Covid-19 pandemic breaks out on a global scale that stagnates all socio-economic activities students cannot come to school. Digital transformation is a process whose results can be a completely new educational appearance, with new methods, techniques, tools, and means. This article analyzes some theoretical and practical backgrounds in digital transformation activities nationally and internationally. At the same time, some orientations on the development plan of digital transformation activities at Hanoi Metropolitan University.
 Keywords: Digital Transformation, 4.0 Industrial Revolution, Information Technology.
COVID-19 Pandemic as Accelerator: Opportunity for Digital Acceleration
Authors: SCARLAT Cezar , STĂNCIULESCU Gabriela Doina , PANDURU Dan A.
Published: April 2022

The corona-virus pandemic unexpected start and steady pressure continue to influence individual lives and national economies. Definitely a direct threat on people’s health and lives, it also indirectly affected global supply chains as well as local businesses. On the other hand, by its uniqueness and relatively long duration, it is becoming a macro-laboratory not only for medical research but also for economic and business studies.
Bitcoin Price and Miner Behavior an Application of ARDL Model
Authors: CHEN Nan
Published: April 2022

Bitcoin price volatility has always been a hot topic in the economic world as well as the academia, and many researchers have explored the price dynamic formation from different aspects. This study employs the AutoRegressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model to explain the bitcoin price formation from the perspective of miners hoarding behavior.
Early Warning Systems for Banking Crisis and Sovereign Risk
Authors: STRĂCHINARU Adina-Ionela
Published: April 2022

The global financial crisis and, also, the pandemic situation, have generated the need for early warning systems, which can predict, in due time, the emergence and spread of banking crises. Macrostability deterioration can increase the country's risk.
Supply Chains Strategies during COVID-19: Green Supply Chain vs. Supply Chain Sustainability
Authors: MANDEL Miroslav , PFEIFER Marcel Rolf
Published: April 2022

Purpose of the article During the COVID-19 pandemic in the years 2020 and 2021, supply chains have been heavily affected and disrupted. With the lack of material and the lack of available containers for oversea shipment, a further upcoming issue where the exploding oversea container transport prices.
Therapeutic Mattresses for Chronic Pain
Authors: Barbara Angela M. , Grobelna Aleksandra
Published: April 2022

One systematic review (that summarized 9 relevant studies) provided evidence on the use of mattresses for treating chronic low back pain.

Medium-firm mattresses may lead to less back pain and better sleep quality compared with firmer mattresses.

Mattresses with an air overlay may also improve pain and sleep quality in those with chronic low back pain.

Several limitations of the data informing this report were identified, which limits the certainty of the evidence.
Tópicos interdisciplinares da saúde humana: perspectivas translacionais
Authors: Aragão Gislei Frota
Published: April 2022

Este livro reúne uma coletânea de textos científicos escritos por diversos profissionais da área da saúde, de acordo com suas áreas de atuação e expertise. A inclusão de cada capítulo embora tenha sido de livre escolha de cada autor se correlacionam entre si por discorrerem sobre problemas atuais relacionados a saúde humana. A característica marcante de cada capítulo deste livro é a visão científica do conteúdo com uma linguagem acessível para qualquer leitor e uma perspectiva para futuras pesquisas associadas aos problemas descritos pelos autores. Foi com grande prazer que tive a oportunidade de organizar e participar desta obra em parceria com profissionais altamente qualificados. Dessa forma, convido a todos que gostam e tem interesse por temas ligados a saúde humana a aproveitar esta prazerosa leitura.
A “explosão de auditoria” e o Tribunal de Contas da União
Authors: Abreu de Medeiros Bernardo
Published: April 2022

O protagonismo que o Tribunal de Contas da União alcançou na esfera pública nos anos recentes no Brasil vem despertando questionamentos sobre o seu dimensionamento, tido por alguns como excessivo ou até mesmo com efeitos paralisantes em relação à administração. Órgão de controle sui generis no cenário internacional pela amplitude de suas atribuições, seria o desenho institucional do TCU expressão apenas de um fortalecimento burocrático decorrente da Constituição de 1988 ou mais um exemplo do debatido fenômeno da “explosão de auditoria”? O presente artigo buscará responder a essa questão a partir da construção de indicadores tendo como base a literatura internacional e objetivando adaptá-los à realidade brasileira. Ao final, após uma análise conjunta dos achados, se discutirá como o diagnóstico do caso brasileiro converge com o internacional, ainda que com idiossincrasias e especificidades.
DAS ORIGENS DO PATRIARCADO AO SURGIMENTO DO MOVIMENTO FEMINISTA:A CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO DA MULHER E A QUEBRA DE ESTEREÓTIPOS MACHISTAS
Authors: Araújo Lorna Beatriz Negreiros de
Published: April 2022

O presente estudo analisa a evolução da história da sociedade brasileira na quebra de estereótipos machistas, trazendo como marco inicial as origens do patriarcado e traçando uma linha de pensamento entre o berço da dominação masculina e o surgimento do movimento feminista. Nesse sentido abordamos aspectos do cotidiano, o âmbito político e a construção do conhecimento para embasar teoricamente a discussão, dialogando com autoras como Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Jorgelina Albano, Flávia Biroli, Judith Butler, Guacira Lopes Louro, Djamila Ribeiro, Márcia Tiburi, Valéria Veiga e outras.
AMBIENTOTERAPIA NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE: FERRAMENTA ANTIMANICOMIAL À LUZ DA PSICANÁLISE
Authors: Rocha Larissa Ferreira da
Published: April 2022

A ambientoterapia, também referida por alguns autores como Comunidade Terapêutica, é uma modalidade terapêutica que emergiu no Brasil na década 1960, inicialmente para pacientes adultos, no entanto, no decorrer da mesma década surgiu a primeira ambientoterapia destinada aos pacientes infanto-juvenis. Na atualidade, a modalidade ambientoterápica através da sua ressignificação no decorrer das décadas está sendo proporcionada em diversos espaços da área da saúde, visando através de um ambiente terapêutico simulador das vivências para além dos muros das instituições, um espaço potencializador para o paciente se (re)conhecer como sujeito do desejo. O artigo analisou esta prática que versa sobre a humanização antimanicomial, através de pesquisas bibliográficas nas quais se obtiveram informações e reflexões a respeito deste fazer pautado nas potencialidades e nos aspectos saudáveis do paciente, como o protagonismo no seu tratamento, realizando revisitações nas combinações e podendo reformulá-las conforme o processo do tratamento, sugerindo novas atividades através de trocas com a equipe em busca de dar voz ao seu desejo. Conclui-se a necessidade de estudos e pesquisas continuadas sobre esta modalidade, para fins de conhecimento sobre este fazer antimanicomial e contemporâneo à sociedade.
RESENHA: O ORADOR DO MESTRE RAIMUNDO IRINEU SERRA: “DIÁLOGOS, MEMÓRIAS E ARTES VERBAIS”
Authors: Teixeira Evandro Luzia
Published: April 2022

Trata-se de resenha com leitura da obra: O orador do Mestre Raimundo Irineu Serra: “diálogos, memórias e artes verbais”, produzida por Fernanda Cougo Mendonça, que dá visibilidade às narrativas do ‘Mestre’ Luiz Lima, religioso do “Santo Daime”, no Acre. Apresenta a poética das relações, além das vivências e experiências, numa perspectiva sociocultural. Objetiva contribuir na divulgação de um trabalho que diminui distâncias dentro do Brasil. Diversidade e pluralidade, formatadas em leituras de um cotidiano. Metodologicamente, a autora trouxe, à tona, as percepções de vivência religiosa, que, embora divulgada, ainda é silenciada nas subjetividades e na importância sociocultural local e regional.
Enhancing MAX-DOAS atmospheric state retrievals by multispectral polarimetry – studies using synthetic data
Authors: Tirpitz Jan-Lukas , Frieß Udo , Spurr Robert , Platt Ulrich
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is a widely used measurement technique for the remote detection of atmospheric aerosol and trace gases. The technique relies on the analysis of ultra-violet and visible radiation spectra of scattered sunlight (skylight) to obtain information on different atmospheric parameters. From an appropriate set of spectra recorded under different viewing directions (typically a group of observations at different elevation angles) the retrieval of aerosol and trace gas vertical distributions is achieved through numerical inversion methods. It is well known that the polarisation state of skylight is particularly sensitive to atmospheric aerosol content as well as aerosol properties and that polarimetric measurements could therefore provide additional information for MAX-DOAS profile retrievals; however, such measurements have not yet been used for this purpose. To address this issue, we have developed the RAPSODI (Retrieval of Atmospheric Parameters from Spectroscopic Observations using DOAS Instruments) algorithm. In contrast to existing MAX-DOAS algorithms, it can process polarimetric information, and it can retrieve simultaneously profiles of aerosols and various trace gases at multiple wavelengths in a single retrieval step; a further advantage is that it contains a Mie scattering model, allowing for the retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties.
The forward-model component in RAPSODI is based on a linearised vector radiative transfer model with Jacobian facilities, and we have used this model to create a database of synthetic measurements in order to carry out sensitivity analyses aimed at assessing the potential of polarimetric MAX-DOAS observations. We find that multispectral polarimetry significantly enhances the sensitivity, particularly to aerosol-related quantities. Assuming typical viewing geometries, the degrees of freedom for signal (DOFS) increase by about 50 % and 70 % for aerosol vertical distributions and aerosol properties, respectively, and by approximately 10 % for trace gas vertical profiles. For an idealised scenario with a horizontally homogeneous atmosphere, our findings predict an improvement in the inversion results' accuracy (root-mean-square deviations to the true values) of about 60 % for aerosol vertical column densities (VCDs) as well as for aerosol surface concentrations and by 40 % for aerosol properties. For trace gas VCDs, very little improvement is apparent, although the accuracy of trace gas surface concentrations improves by about 50 %.
A comparison of 1D and 2D bedload transport functions under high excess shear stress conditions in laterally-constrained gravel-bed rivers: a laboratory study
Authors: Adams David L. , Eaton Brett C.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Channel processes under high magnitude flow events are of central interest to river science and management as they may produce large volumes of sediment transport and geomorphic work. However, bedload transport processes under these conditions remain poorly understood due to data collection limitations and the prevalence of physical models that restrict feedbacks surrounding morphologic adjustment. The extension of mechanistic bedload transport equations to gravel-bed rivers has emphasised the importance of variance in both entraining (shear stress) and resisting (grain size) forces, especially at low excess shear stresses. Using a fixed-bank laboratory model, we tested the hypothesis that bedload transport in gravel-bed rivers collapses to a more simple 1D function (i.e., with mean shear stress and median grain size) under high excess shear stress conditions. Bedload transport was well predicted by the 1D equation based on the depth-slope product, whereas a 2D equation accounting for the variance in shear stresses did not substantially improve the correlation. Back-calculated critical dimensionless shear stress values were higher for the 2D approach, suggesting that it accounts for the relatively greater influence of high shear stresses, whereas the 1D approach assumes that the mean shear stress is sufficient to mobilise the median grain size. While the 2D approach may have a stronger conceptual basis, the 1D depth-slope product approach performs unreasonably well under high excess shear stress conditions. Further work is required to substantiate these findings in laterally adjustable channels.
Size, shape and orientation matter: fast and automatic measurement of grain geometries from 3D point clouds
Authors: Steer Philippe , Guerit Laure , Lague Dimitri , Crave Alain , Gourdon Aurélie
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The grain-scale morphology of sediments and their size distribution inform on their transport history, are important factors controlling the efficiency of erosion and transport and control the quality of aquatic ecosystems. In turn, constraining the spatial evolution of the size and shape of grains can offer deep insights on the dynamics of erosion and sediment transport in coastal, hillslope and fluvial environments. However, the size distribution of sediments is generally assessed using insufficiently representative field measurements and determining the grain-scale shape of sediments remains a real challenge in geomorphology. Here, we determine the size distribution and grain-scale shape of sediments located in coastal and river environments with a new methodological approach based on the segmentation and geomorphological fitting of 3D point clouds. Point cloud segmentation into individual grains is performed using a watershed algorithm applied here to 3D point clouds. Once the grains are individualized into several sub-clouds, each grain-scale morphology is determined by fitting a 3D geometrical model applied to each sub-cloud. If different geometrical models can be conceived and tested, including cuboids and ellipsoids, this study focuses mostly on ellipsoids. A phase of results checking is then performed to remove grains showing a best-fitting model with a low level of confidence. The main benefits of this automatic and non-destructive method are that it provides access to 1) an un-biased estimate of surface grain-size distribution on a large range of scales, from centimeters to meters; 2) a very large number of data, only limited by the number of grains in the point-cloud dataset; 3) the 3D morphology of grains, in turn allowing to develop new metrics characterizing the size and shape of grains; and 4) the in-situ orientation and organization of grains and grain clusters. The main limit of this method is that it is only able to detect grains with a characteristic size greater than the resolution of the point cloud.
Poor correlation between large-scale environmental flow violations and freshwater biodiversity: implications for water resource management and water planetary boundary
Authors: Mohan Chinchu , Gleeson Tom , Famiglietti James S. , Virkki Vili , Kummu Matti , Porkka Miina , Wang-Erlandsson Lan , Huggins Xander , Gerten Dieter , Jähnig Sonja C.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The freshwater ecosystems around the world are degrading, such that maintaining environmental flow (EF) in river networks is critical to their preservation. The relationship between streamflow alterations and, respectively, EF violations, and freshwater biodiversity is well established at the scale of stream reaches or small basins (~<100 km2). However, it is unclear if this relationship is robust at larger scales even though there are large-scale initiatives to legalize the EF requirement. Moreover, EFs have been used in assessing a planetary boundary for freshwater. Therefore, this study intends to carry out an exploratory evaluation of the relationship between EF violation and freshwater biodiversity at globally aggregated scales and for freshwater ecoregions. Four EF violation indices (severity, frequency, probability to shift to violated state, and probability to stay violated) and seven independent freshwater biodiversity indicators (calculated from observed biota data) were used for correlation analysis. No statistically significant negative relationship between EF violation and freshwater biodiversity was found at global or ecoregion scales. While our results thus suggest that streamflow and EF may not be an only determinant of freshwater biodiversity at large scales, they do not preclude the existence of relationships at smaller scales or with more holistic EF methods (e.g., including water temperature, water quality, intermittency, connectivity etc.) or with other biodiversity data or metrics.
Technical note: Using long short-term memory models to fill data gaps in hydrological monitoring networks
Authors: Ren Huiying , Cromwell Erol , Kravitz Ben , Chen Xingyuan
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Quantifying the spatiotemporal dynamics in subsurface hydrological flows over a long time window usually employs a network of monitoring wells. However, such observations are often spatially sparse with potential temporal gaps due to poor quality or instrument failure. In this study, we explore the ability of recurrent neural networks to fill gaps in a spatially distributed time-series dataset. We use a well network that monitors the dynamic and heterogeneous hydrologic exchanges between the Columbia River and its adjacent groundwater aquifer at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford site. This 10-year-long dataset contains hourly temperature, specific conductance, and groundwater table elevation measurements from 42 wells with gaps of various lengths. We employ a long short-term memory (LSTM) model to capture the temporal variations in the observed system behaviors needed for gap filling. The performance of the LSTM-based gap-filling method was evaluated against a traditional autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method in terms of error statistics and accuracy in capturing the temporal patterns of river corridor wells with various dynamics signatures. Our study demonstrates that the ARIMA models yield better average error statistics, although they tend to have larger errors during time windows with abrupt changes or high-frequency (daily and subdaily) variations. The LSTM-based models excel in capturing both high-frequency and low-frequency (monthly and seasonal) dynamics. However, the inclusion of high-frequency fluctuations may also lead to overly dynamic predictions in time windows that lack such fluctuations. The LSTM can take advantage of the spatial information from neighboring wells to improve the gap-filling accuracy, especially for long gaps in system states that vary at subdaily scales. While LSTM models require substantial training data and have limited extrapolation power beyond the conditions represented in the training data, they afford great flexibility to account for the spatial correlations, temporal correlations, and nonlinearity in data without a priori assumptions. Thus, LSTMs provide effective alternatives to fill in data gaps in spatially distributed time-series observations characterized by multiple dominant frequencies of variability, which are essential for advancing our understanding of dynamic complex systems.
Mobilizing social support: New and transferable digital skills in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Harper Molly-Gloria , Quan-Haase Anabel , Hollingshead William
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global crisis that has had profound impacts on people’s lives. Under these circumstances, social support can buffer against pandemic-related stress. Yet, the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic with its stringent health guidelines have created unique challenges to the mobilization of social support. These challenges particularly affect vulnerable groups with limited digital life skills. Based on a qualitative study of 101 semi-structured interviews with East York residents in Toronto, Canada conducted in 2013–2014, we investigate what new and transferable digital life skills are needed in the pre- and post-pandemic era to mobilize social support. Our findings reveal that East Yorkers easily transfer their digital skills to many spheres of their lives, which help them to organize their busy social lives and coordinate events and gatherings as well as to flexibly socialize online. When needed, East Yorkers adapt and expand their digital skills to substitute for in-person contact, often overcoming communication barriers. One of the key benefits of developing digital life skills is the ability to mobilize social support (i.e., companionship, emotional aid, large services, and technical support), whereby individuals employed different digital skills to mobilize different types of support. The findings demonstrate what new and transferable digital life skills are needed to navigate social support in a post-pandemic era. The study has implications for the development of age-specific interventions to strengthen much needed digital life skills that will aid individuals in mobilizing their social support during crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and help mitigate the negative effects of stress.