bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Technologies in Facilitating Circular Economy of China's E-Commerce Section
Authors: Yu Poshan , Zhang Zhengxin , Wong Steve K. M. , Lu Shengyuan , Chen Yijun , Wang Yansong
Published: December 2024

The burgeoning e-commerce sector in China stands at the crossroads of technological innovation and sustainable development, particularly within the context of circular economy. This paper explores the multifaceted role that technologies play in enhancing circular economic practices within this rapidly evolving industry. The primary questions addressed are: (1) What key technologies are influencing China's circular economy in e-commerce sector? (2) How can we assess the impact of these technologies on circular economy of China's e-commerce? (3) What are the broader applications and potential challenges for scaling these practices? Employing the analytical capabilities of CiteSpace, this study identifies and identifies and maps out the key technologies that are pivotal in facilitating a circular economy. These include advancements in big data analytics, blockchain for supply chain transparency, IoT for resource monitoring, and AI-driven platforms for waste reduction and materials management. By highlighting the interconnectedness of these technologies, the study offers a comprehensive overview of the technological ecosystem propelling the circular economy. The paper then transitions to an evaluative framework, using case studies to gauge the effectiveness and impact of these technologies. By examining real-world applications in the e-commerce sector, the study provides qualitative insights into how technology not only drives efficiency and sustainability but also engenders new business models and consumer behaviors aligned with circular economic principles. Lastly, the broader implications of these findings are discussed, alongside scaling opportunities. The paper argues that the integration of technology in circular economic practices is instrumental for green technology and serves as a catalyst for competitiveness and innovation on a global scale. The study also provides recommendations for policymakers and industry stakeholders to leverage the potential of technology within the e-commerce sector to advance a more resource-efficient, circular economy.
AI and Rural Development
Authors: Singh Partap
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in detecting herding behavior in financial markets. Herding, a phenomenon where investors follow the majority, can lead to market inefficiencies and increased volatility. By leveraging AI techniques, including machine learning and deep learning, this study aims to improve the detection and understanding of herding patterns. The research explores how AI models can analyze large datasets, recognize non-linear relationships, and identify subtle patterns indicative of herding. It gives the picture of Factors Affecting Herd-Behavior, Impact of Herd-Behavior, Sources for data analysis for detecting Herding with AI, Navigating Herding with AI, Challenges and threats in Detecting Herding with AI. The findings suggest that AI provides more accurate and timely detection of herding behavior compared to traditional methods, offering significant implications for market stability and investor strategies.
Sustainability Organizational Management Governance and Technological Innovation Leading to Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Economic Growth and Development
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , González-Álvarez Francisco J. , Vargas-González Omar C.
Published: December 2024

This study has the purpose to analyze the sustainability organizational management governance and technological innovation in their relationships and implications with entrepreneurship for sustainable economic growth and development. The study departs from the assumption that sustainable economic growth and development is required with theoretical and practical knowledge in sustainability management governance and technological innovation is required to move towards more sustainable production and consumption systems. The method used is the meta-analytical leading to the reflective and descriptive based on the conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literature review. The analysis concludes that the sustainability organizational management governance and technological innovation are relevant factors to have effects on to entrepreneurship for sustainable economic growth and development.
My Journey From Educator to a Teacher Support Role
Authors: Johnson Janet Cloer
Published: December 2024

This chapter outlines the transformative journey from being a classroom educator to embracing a teacher support role, with a focus on enhancing teacher professional development beyond traditional methods. The narrative begins with an overview of the author's experiences as a classroom teacher, highlighting the challenges and rewards of directly impacting student learning. It then delves into the motivations and circumstances that prompted the shift to a support role, where the focus expanded from individual student interaction to broader systemic impact. The shift to a support role allowed for a broader impact on educational outcomes. By providing resources, mentoring, and self-directed learning, the new role extended the influence on student achievement, creating a holistic approach to education that transcends the boundaries of the classroom. This story reflects the evolving nature of educational careers and highlights the importance of supporting educators to optimize student success in a rapidly changing academic landscape.
Beyond the Classroom
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: December 2024

This chapter focuses on the professionals who left schools with their cargoes – students and communities. It illustrates the great variety of positions that former young teachers take, from starting youth organizations to having nonprofits, supporting literacy, and after school activities. In this chapter, using typical and anecdotal examples, authors describe how educators remain committed to supporting student learning and others' personal as well as social-emotional well-being. For example, such social projects as Linda Robinson's ‘Youth Connect' youth mentoring programme and James Lee's ‘Eco Teens' environmental organization represent how educators contribute to the construction of positive contexts and encourage students to learn more and be active citizens throughout their lives. The chapter also examines the competencies that educators possess in the grant writing and fundraising approaches and thus supplement educational assets and openings.
AI-Driven Solutions for Sustainable Irrigation
Authors: Nuwarapaksha Tharindu D. , Udumann Shashi S. , Dissanayaka Nuwandhya S. , Dilshan R. M. N. , Atapattu Anjana J.
Published: December 2024

Lack of water and poor use of water for irrigation are significant issues affecting food security and environmental conservation around the world. Precision irrigation systems based on artificial intelligence use soil moisture prediction, evapotranspiration, and crop water stress for the precise application of water. Smart allocation and scheduling make use of accurate time weather data to optimize the time and quantity of water to be used in irrigation. In predictive maintenance, IoT sensors and machine learning are used to identify and solve equipment problems before they occur, while AI keeps water quality appropriate for the crops.By integrating AI with existing conservation practices and indigenous knowledge, it is possible to generate site-specific and sustainable approaches to the use of water in different agricultural settings. While climate change aggravates the water deficit worldwide, AI holds the potential to pave better ways for sustainable and secure food production.
City Marketing and Local Food Movements
Authors: Eravci Abdullah
Published: December 2024

City marketing has emerged as an interdisciplinary research area for academics in recent years. It is also a field of interest for local administrators aiming to enhance their cities' competitiveness. Both academics and local administrators focus on the city's product set and target audiences in city marketing. Strategies such as green marketing are essential for maintaining or positively developing the city's image. A literature review was conducted, and it is predicted that integrating city marketing, food movements, and green marketing will create a more favorable situation. Action plans can be prepared on city marketing, food movements and green marketing. It is recommended that the action plans to be prepared include protecting the surrounding agricultural lands, developing short supply chains and strengthening sustainable food systems.
Funding Mechanisms and Investment Models for Rural Road Transport Infrastructure
Authors: Chibaro Munyaradzi , Mahwine Munyaradzi Linos , Cynthia Mupfiga , Morima Masego , Boy Rudolph
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines how road transportation infrastructure affects the performance of smallholder farmers in developing countries. Local and global infrastructure needs, the widening 'financing gap', and the growing role of the public sector in the delivery of transportation infrastructure have been at the forefront of public and private debate for the past three decades, attracting the attention of both academia and industry. The current global financial crisis (GFC) was only the latest reminder that governments have found it increasingly difficult to maintain high-quality transportation infrastructure in an era of restricted public spending, which has steadily dropped since the 1970s. The chapter revealed that transport infrastructure, in particular, is linked to economic development and hence generates direct and indirect benefits. The characteristics of the transport mode to which the asset under consideration belongs will influence system development while also defining the bounds and capabilities of the business model.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Circular Economy in Agriculture
Authors: Sen Mrinal , Garai Sandip , Dutta Suman , Rakshit Debopam , Roy Arkaprava , Das Ritwika , Das Sumanta
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is highlighted as a crucial enabler of a circular agriculture economy. Utilising advanced data analytics and predictive modeling, AI allows precise monitoring, analysis, and optimisation of various agricultural processes. AI-driven predictive analytics further optimise resource allocation, reducing the overuse of fertilisers, pesticides, and water while maximising yields and profitability. Furthermore, AI-powered supply chain management enhances traceability and transparency, enabling stakeholders to identify inefficiencies, mitigate risks, and minimise food loss and waste. Additionally, AI facilitates the valorisation of agricultural by-products and waste through innovative recycling and upcycling initiatives, transforming organic waste into valuable inputs such as biofuels, fertilisers, and animal feed. Overall, this chapter delves into the transformative potential of AI-driven circular economy approaches within the agricultural sector, emphasising the critical need for waste reduction, resource optimisation, and enhanced efficiency.
Transformation of Agriculture Effectuated by Artificial Intelligence-Driven Internet of Things (AIIoT)
Authors: Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat
Published: December 2024

Agriculture is undergoing a revolution propelled by AI and the IoT. It has the potential to result in increased output, decreased expenses, and improved sustainability. Due to the fact that it is anticipated that there will be 9.7 billion people on the earth by the year 2050, the need for food will continue to increase. AI and the IoT-based agricultural automation can help with concerns related to climate change and resource scarcity in addition to addressing this need. It is time for farmers to upgrade their agricultural practices and incorporate new technologies into their operations. The accuracy of the aforementioned approaches is higher with ANN in Smart Livestock, DT in Smart Livestock, and K-NN in Green home, with respective degrees of accuracy of 94.5%, 94.6%, and 94.7%. We recommend the KSK strategy for decision making in the future, and the KK approach for IoT security.
AI-Driven Decision Making Enhancing Public Sector Efficiency and Effectiveness
Authors: Srinivasan Karthik Raja , Rahman Nur Hairani Abd , Ravana Sri Devi
Published: December 2024

This chapter investigates the transformative influence of digital technologies on public sector governance by incorporating the ABCD framework (Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Cloud, Data Analytics). It emphasizes the ways in which these technologies effectively address complex challenges and optimize service delivery through four fundamental pillars: first, Data-Driven Decision-Making, which customizes services to meet citizen needs; second, Evidence-Based Policymaking, which proactively addresses policy through evidential datasets; third, Predictive Analytics, which implements sophisticated computational methods to generate dynamic solutions; and finally, Transparency and Accountability, which cultivates public trust by implementing ethical data practices. Nonetheless, there are still challenges, in terms of data quality, biases in data collection, and the need for robust privacy measures. The chapter underlines the need of ethical frameworks and algorithm selection in mitigating the hurdles connected with data use in the public sector while also ensuring fair governance.
Application of Cloud Computing Technology for Enhances E-Government Services in Edo State
Authors: Idahosa Mary Ebele , Eireyi-Edewede Saadatu , Eruanga Charles Ejesei
Published: December 2024

Abstract This research looks closely on application of cloud computing technologies for enhanced e-Government services in Edo State. The government has a big responsibility to provide maximum service to citizens. The aim of many governments is to provide online services and make it reachable to beneficiaries as such many governments, therefore aim to develop government services by including cloud computing as a platform to provide services. However, technological developments, especially cloud computing, can be an alternative solution for effective information delivery. The hypothetical message of this research emphasizes the need to believe in digital infrastructure and cultural differences in the design and implementation of e-Government using cloud computing technology to achieve optimal equality of access to government services. Several literature works were closely examined on the various e-government services in Edo State, the benefits of cloud computing in e-government services were discussed, challenges and possible solution were discussed.
Enhancing Cloud Security Strategies to Mitigate Critical Threats
Authors: Basaad Junaid , Jain Vishal
Published: December 2024

In cloud computing, there are several key security concerns, including data loss or leakage, misconfiguration, unauthorized access, insecure APIs, account hijacking, and cyberattacks, that it confronts. Data loss generally occurs when personal files on the cloud get exposed to leakage on breaching by a certain hacker. Misconfiguration is one of the leading causes of data breaches, in most cases exposing cloud-based resources to attackers due to the reliance of an organization on CSPs for configuration and security. Unauthorized access is a great risk, since cloud deployments differ from physical server infrastructures in that they are often directly accessible from the public networks, hence greater intrusion. Another threat may be insecure APIs provided by the CSPs-those that a customer fails to secure their cloud interfaces properly-an attacker may enable through vulnerabilities. Account hijacking-whereby stolen employee credentials are used to access sensitive data-is of most concern.
E-Health Transforming Healthcare Delivery With AI, Blockchain, and Cloud
Authors: Singhal Rajat , Jain Vishal , Raj Dharm
Published: December 2024

An Electronic Health Records System is a digitized version of a patient's medical records that are stored electronically. The current system that Hospitals use to store digital patient information and medical records faces numerous obstacles.These systems fail to balance data security and open threats to hackers and unauthorized access which can lead to cyberattacks. The chapter explores how AI, Blockchain and Cloud Computing are combined to overcome these challenges. Blockchain creates a decentralized, transparent, and immutable system providing a robust framework for secure and efficient management of patient records by using Hyperledger Fabric, Amazon Web Service with a React.js front-end to deliver a great experience to users. This proposed architecture provides data security, improves integration issues, operational costs and provides a safe, scalable, and patient-centric approach, and represents a substantial development in healthcare data management with the integration of serverless computing with blockchain technology.
Green Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Piper Longum Leaf Extract: Morphological, Optical and Antibacterial Characterization
Authors: Shemona A. Mary George , Kanagaprabha S. , Johnson Jeyakumar H. , Vathana S. Arul
Published: December 2024

In this study, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were synthesized using Piper longum leaf extract as both a capping and reducing agent through a green synthesis approach. The synthesized TiO2 NPs were thoroughly characterized using multiple techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD analysis confirmed the anatase phase of TiO2 with an average crystallite size of 57 nm. UV-DRS revealed a band gap of 3.39 eV, indicative of TiO2 nanoparticle formation. FTIR spectroscopy identified biomolecules such as flavonoids, phenol compounds, and tannins around the nanoparticles. SEM images showed a variety of shapes, including hexagons, pentagons, triangles, and tetragons. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of titanium, carbon, and oxygen, verifying the purity of the TiO2 nanoparticles. BET analysis determined a specific surface area of 59 m²/g. The antibacterial efficacy of the TiO2 nanoparticles was assessed using the agar well diffusion method, demonstrating significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye by the TiO2 NPs achieved an efficiency of 96%.
Advancing Green Photonic Materials: L-Serine Doped Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate Single Crystals
Authors: Ramajeya C. , Balasubramanian K.
Published: December 2024

Doping organic crystals with amino acids to develop green materials utilizes the distinctive properties of amino acids to enhance both the sustainability and functionality of these materials. Green materials are crafted through environmentally friendly methods that minimize waste, emissions, and energy use, thereby reducing their overall environmental footprint. This doping process improves various properties of the organic crystals, including optical, electrical, and thermal characteristics, while also enhancing stability and mechanical strength. Amino acids can endow organic crystals with specialized functions, such as selective binding in sensors or improved catalytic activity, broadening their application potential. For this study, Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate single crystals were synthesized via slow evaporation at room temperature and doped with L-Serine. Structural characterization through XRD and FTIR confirmed the incorporation of the amino acid into the organic crystal. Structural refinement datas like FWHM,Crystallite size and lattice strain were obtained through Xpert Hi score Software .Thermal parameters, including Gibbs free energy, entropy, enthalpy, and activation energy, were assessed for both Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate and L-Serine-doped Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate using the Coats-Redfern method. The doping led to the material existing in four distinct phases, with enhanced catalytic activity at low temperatures verified by the Quantum Eyring Formula. This quantum-level analysis aids in designing more effective catalysts by revealing how they interact with reactants, optimizing catalytic processes. By understanding diffusion mechanisms alongside quantum tunneling, scientists can develop catalysts that enhance reaction rates, even at lower temperatures, by improving molecular diffusion. This dual focus on tunneling and diffusion allows for the creation of more selective and efficient catalysts, essential for green chemistry. Ultimately, these insights contribute to the development of sustainable materials with enhanced performance in various industrial applications. Optical properties such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, and bandgap were compared between L-Serine-doped Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate and the undoped crystal. Additionally, SHG values of the doped and undoped crystals were measured and compared to KDP Single Crystal. LDT values of the doped and undoped crystals were also compared with those of KDP and Urea single crystals. The results suggest that the optical properties, SHG, and LDT values of the L-Serine-doped crystal remain favorable, confirming also its suitability as a green material. This project aims to investigate how doping amino acids into Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate single crystals justifies their optical, thermal, and dielectric properties to determine their green material potential.
Effect of Concrete Slab Thicknesses to the Deflection of a Composite I-Steel Long Span Girder Validated with Bridge Loading Test Results
Authors: Tambunan Ida Royana , Purnomo Heru
Published: December 2024

Long-span bridges are generally often needed in the world of civil engineering to reduce the number of the bridge piers. A long span steel box girders with a mid-span of 120-meter and two side-spans of 70-meter is studied. The static bridge deflection needs to be evaluated as the constructed slab thicknesses of the steel I-girder composite slab was not constant along the bridge longitudinal span. Results from numerical simulation with those of loading tests carried out on the bridge after its completion are compared.
Investigation of Al2O3-Modified Aluminide on 304SS: Microstructural Evolution, Hardness and Growth Kinetic through Slurry Aluminizing
Authors: Ambali Ibrahim Owolabi , Tan Siew Min , Jalaluddin Muhamamad Afifi , Anasyida Abu Seman , Abdullah Tuti Katrina , Dhindaw Brij Kumar
Published: December 2024

The microstructure and growth kinetic of alumina (Al2O3)-modified aluminide coating were investigated at 650°C, 680°C, and 700°C for various durations (4, 6, 8, and 10 hours) using the slurry aluminizing process. The heat-treated samples were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to assess microstructural evolution, elemental composition, and phases of the coating. SEM observations revealed a two-layer aluminide coating, comprising an Al-rich intermetallic (FeAl3) and a Fe-rich intermetallic (FeAl). Microhardness tests showed that FeAl3 had hardness values ranging from 880 to 990 HV, while FeAl, with values between 610 and 700 HV. The growth kinetics indicated that the thickness of the aluminide layers increased with both the aluminizing temperature and time, following a parabolic growth law. The activation energy for the growth of FeAl was 343.15 kJ/mol.
Tropine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) Applied in the Alcoholysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) for Preparation of Nano Carbon Dots
Authors: Zhou Gao Jin , Chen Chen , Yao Shun
Published: December 2024

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are widely used in many fields due to their properties such as low cost, easy synthesis, low toxicity, and biodegradability. The following study selected tropine and hydrated metal salts to synthesize a series of new deep eutectic solvents as catalysts for exploring the alcoholysis reaction of PET. Then the effects of the types of DES, catalyst composition, reaction time and temperature on the alcoholysis results of PET were investigated. Using a low melting solvent of tropine/zinc acetate with a molar ratio of 4:1 as a catalyst, a reaction time of 2 h, and temperature of 180°C, the conversion rate of PET was nearly 80%, and the yield of BHET was also 80%, which was further employed to prepare nano carbon dots through simple way.
Rational use of direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Amarasinghe A. A. N. I.
Published: December 2024

No abstract available
A low mean platelet volume indicates active inflammatory bowel disease; a sensitive model in resource poor settings
Authors: Fernando C. H. K. A. , Williams S. H. A. , Costa Y. J. , Moratuwagama D. , Warnakulasuriya T. D. , De Silva A. P. , Wickremasinghe R.
Published: December 2024

Aim: To examine whether the mean platelet volume (MPV) can be used as an indicator of active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods and Materials: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on hundred patients with IBD (61 ulcerative colitis (UC), 29 Crohn’s disease (CD)) of both genders (female: male; 67:33). Disease activity was assessed with clinical activity indices. Samples were taken for full blood count (FBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) from all participants. The correlation between the MPV and clinical disease activity index scores were examined. The cutoff point of MPV to differentiate active disease was obtained from ROC curve analysis.Results: MPV was negatively correlated with disease activity index scores of UC and CD. Simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI) and Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI), respectively (MPV vs SCCAI; r= (-0.590), P< 0.001 and MPV vs CDAI; r= (-0.674), P<0.001). MPV predicted IBD activity best as compared to ESR, CRP, white cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT) and absolute neutro-phil count (ANC). In this study MPV was inversely correlated with all tested covariates in the total IBD group and two subgroups (UC and CD) except the platelet count in CD group.Conclusion: MPV is a low-cost, sensitive indicator to assess IBD activity.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
Authors: Sivashangar A.
Published: December 2024

No abstract available
Consensus Based Indian Guidelines for the Management of Pemphigus Vulgaris and Pemphigus Foliaceous
Authors: De Dipankar , Mehta Hitaishi , Shah Shikha , Ajithkumar Kidangazhiathmana , Barua Shyamanta , Chandrashekar Laxmisha , Chatterjee Manas , Gupta Vishal , Khandpur Sujay , Khullar Geeti , Kolalapudi Seetharam Anjaneyulu , Kumar Sheetanshu , Neema Shekhar , Pandhi Deepika , Poojary Shital , Rai Reena , Rajagopalan Murlidhar , Rao Raghavendra , Shah Bela , Singal Archana , Thakur Vishal , Vinay Keshavamurthy , Aggrawal Ashutosh , De Arka , Mukherjee Soham , Prinja Shankar , Mahajan Rahul , Handa Sanjeev
Published: December 2024

Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by the presence of intraepidermal blisters and erosions, primarily affecting the mucosa and/or skin. There are no established Indian guidelines for the management of pemphigus, and Western guidelines cannot be directly applied due to differences in clinicodemographic profiles, comorbidities, and resource limitations. These guidelines aim to provide Indian dermatologists with evidence-based and consensus-driven recommendations for the management of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceous (PF), taking into account the unique challenges posed by the Indian healthcare setting. The guidelines focus on the comprehensive management of PV and PF, addressing diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and follow-up. It is intended for dermatologists working in both outpatient and inpatient settings across India. The first draft of the guidelines was prepared by the writing group and then reviewed by 19 national experts in pemphigus management, including inputs from allied specialties. Areas with limited evidence or anticipated variation in recommendations were subjected to rounds of voting, with responses categorized as “strongly agree,” “agree,” “neutral,” “disagree,” or “strongly disagree.” Suggestions were incorporated, and statements were revised until a mean agreement score of 4 or higher was reached across 16 key areas after four voting rounds. These guidelines offer a structured approach to managing pemphigus in India, addressing the need for region-specific recommendations that account for unique challenges such as resource constraints and specific comorbidities in Indian patients. They serve as a valuable resource for dermatologists treating pemphigus in a range of clinical settings.
Biologics and Small Molecules for Inflammatory Nail Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Forman Carrie A. , Lipner Shari R.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Inflammatory dermatological conditions, including psoriasis, lichen planus, eczema, and alopecia areata, are frequently accompanied by nail findings and can have a significant impact on quality of life. Biologic and small-molecule medications have been approved over the past several decades in treating patients with these inflammatory nail disorders. They may be used in conjunction with longstanding mainstays of treatment (topical and intralesional corticosteroids, topical vitamin D3 analogs).

Objectives:

Our objectives were to review biologic and small-molecule treatment efficacies for nail psoriasis and alopecia areata-associated nail dystrophy, including Janus kinase inhibitors, apremilast, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, interleukin (IL)-17 inhibitors, and IL-23 inhibitors.

Materials and Methods:

A comprehensive PubMed literature review of clinical research studies, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses was performed.

Conclusion:

Many biologics and small molecules are effective in treating nail psoriasis and alopecia areata, with each requiring precautions for adverse events. Clinical trials for use of biologics and small molecules for nail lichen planus and atopic dermatitis have not been published to date.
Laser Treatment in Nail Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chandrashekar Byalakere Shivanna , Madura Chandu , Shenoy Chaitra , Chandar Abhijna , Roopa Mysore Seshadri , Narayana Nakka Lakshmi
Published: December 2024

Background:

Laser therapy has emerged as an innovative approach for managing various nail conditions, offering precise targeting, minimal invasiveness, and favorable safety profiles. This review analyzes the literature on laser therapy for nail indications, encompassing onychomycosis, nail psoriasis, nail warts, ingrown toenails, onychodystrophy, nail pigmentation disorders, and nail tumors.

Methods:

PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify articles on laser therapy using specific key terms related to nail conditions (e.g., onychomycosis, nail psoriasis). Relevant articles were shortlisted based on laser treatment in nail disorders, its mechanisms of action, research outcomes, and clinical applications.

Results:

Nd:YAG or CO2 lasers showed efficacy in onychomycosis by targeting fungal cells. Studies suggest that laser treatments offer comparable results to traditional therapies, often enhancing outcomes when combined with topical agents such as calcipotriol/betamethasone in nail psoriasis. For nail warts, ingrown toenails, onychodystrophy, and nail pigmentation disorders, lasers provide alternative or adjunctive therapies, achieving positive outcomes lesion clearance and symptom improvement. Conclusion: This review underscores the transformative potential of laser therapy in nail disorder management, providing clinicians with innovative treatment alternatives. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to refine protocols, evaluate long-term outcomes and explore its application in specific conditions such as nail tumors.
A rare anatomical perplexity of submandibular cavernous hemangioma with phleboliths
Authors: Patil Karthikeya , Sanjay C. J. , Suresh Namrata , Christopher Varusha Sharon
Published: December 2024

This case report presents a unique instance of a submandibular cavernous hemangioma, a rare vascular tumor, accompanied by phleboliths- –calcified masses within blood vessels. The presence of phleboliths, considered an unusual anatomical variation, accentuates the complexity of the condition. A detailed clinical examination, imaging studies, and histopathological analysis were pivotal in confirming the diagnosis. Understanding the interplay of hemangioma and phleboliths in the submandibular region is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning, shedding light on this intricate vascular anomaly, and guiding tailored therapeutic interventions for optimal patient outcomes.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, Patient care.
Red cell distribution width as a prognostic marker for patients with heart failure
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Ramamoorthi Kusugodlu , Shridhar Meghana
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Heart failure (HF) is among the increasing concerns in the Indian population. Since HF shows close association with increasing inflammation, the present study was conducted with an aim to study the role of red cell distribution width (RDW) as a prognostic marker for heart failure (HF) and to correlate RDW with severity of HF and outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study was done on 100 adult patients with HF. Demographic, clinical, comorbidities, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) grading were noted. Laboratory investigations included complete blood counts, troponin T, RDW, NT-proBNP, and kidney function test. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography were done. The outcomes noted were intensive care unit admission, use of mechanical ventilation, duration of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. Association of RDW with outcomes was assessed.

Results:

Patients with HF had reduced ejection fraction in 81% of cases and preserved ejection fraction in 19% of cases. The rate of in-hospital mortality was 2%. The mean duration of hospital stay was 4.71 ± 2.68 days. RDW showed a significant association with dyspnea NYHA grade (P = 0.002) and fatigue NYHA grade (P = 0.006). RDW was significantly higher in HF with reduced ejection fraction as compared to HF with preserved ejection fraction (16.47 ± 2 vs. 15.09 ± 1.7, P = 0.007). At the cutoff value of >17.4%, RDW proved to be the significant predictor of in-hospital mortality with area under the curve of 0.801 to accurately predict in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion:

RDW independently predicts outcomes in critically ill HF patients. RDW proved to be a predictor of preserved and reduced ejection fraction and hospital mortality. The prognostic significance of RDW suggests that RDW can help with risk stratification upon admission and for prognostication of mortality in patients with HF.

The core competencies addressed in this article are: Patient care, Medical knowledge, Systems-based practice, and Practice-based learning and improvement.
Are students of medical institute ready for a pandemic-influenced future with online classes? A study from Southern India
Authors: Mithra Prasanna , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Kumar Nithin , Hegde Kausthubh , Bhat Nishantha , Jolly Arshia
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Online teaching and blended mode of teaching in health sciences introduced due to lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, will be required in case of any future contingencies. Hence, opinions and perceptions of students become important to keep up the quality of education.

The objective of this study was to assess medical students’ perceptions of online lecture classes, their experience with online teaching, and the associated factors.

Materials and Methods:

This cross sectional study was conducted in a Medical Institute in Mangalore, India between 2020 and 2022 among 992 undergraduate students from health sciences. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29.0 and a P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:

Overall, 638 (64.3%) were female and 354 (35.7%) were male; 729 (73.5%) were from medicine (MBBS), 134 (13.5%) from physiotherapy (BPT) 117 (11.8%); rest from BSc. A higher number of MBBS students (vs. other streams), males (P = 0.009) and those with previous experience with online discussions preferred online classes (P = 0.312). The most common reasons to prefer online classes were freedom in terms of choice of location and attire, flexible timings to rewatch the classes, and ease of clarifying doubts online. Internet speed, device-related issues, and strain on the eyes were the challenges of online classes. Furthermore, students felt that lack of clinical exposure and person-to-person interaction were disadvantages of online classes.

Conclusions:

Higher number of undergraduate health sciences students preferred offline teaching mode. Online teaching offers many learner-friendly features. However, online teaching lacks direct interaction, which could be enhanced by blended teaching methods.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Professionalism, Interpersonal and Communication Skills, Systems-Based Practice
Insufficiency Fracture of Medial Tibial Condyle: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Baskaran Sibi Sanjay , Balasubramanian Swathi , Ganapathy Balasubramanian
Published: December 2024

Insufficiency fractures (IFs) of medial tibial plateau are a rare presentation of acute knee pain. We present the case of a 65-year-old female who presented with acute knee pain with no history of trauma. X-rays were normal, but magnetic resonance imaging showed IF of medial tibial condyle. The patient was managed conservatively with protected weight bearing and antiosteoporosis therapy. Acute onset knee pain without any trauma should raise the suspicion of IF as one of the differential diagnosis.
New Record of Different Yeast Isolates from Patients with Ear Infections Using DNA Sequencing in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Alrufae Mohammad Mohsien , Abboud Zuhair Hameed , Hassan Ban Mousa
Published: December 2024

Background:

Candida albicans may cause other chronic fungal infections in the human ear. Otomycosis is a common disease found in the general clinical setting of otolaryngology.

Objectives:

The present study aims to establish a database of fungal species causing ear canal, infections, characterize their genetics, and compare them with standard isolates documented in the National Center for Biotechnology Information global sites.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 120 samples were collected from patients with ear infections at Al-Sadder Medical City in Al-Najaf Province, and incubated at 37°C for 1–2 days for visible. A specific fungal genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) kit was used for the purification of young Candida colonies' DNA. Amplification of genes was carried out according to the experimental protocol, and the polymerase chain reaction products of Candida spp were sent to Macrogen Lab, USA, for sequencing.

Results:

The present study included a collection of 120 ear swab samples from patients with different ear infections, 47 (39.2%) samples of otitis externa, 71 (59.2%) samples of otitis media, and 2 (1.6%) from otitis enterna. C. albicans and Candida tropicals recorded the highest frequency. All 33 isolates were characterized as genotypes using two pairs of primers (ITS5-ITS4 and ITS3-ITS4), only 13/33 (39.5%) were classified as C. albicans, 8/33 (24.25%) were classified as C. tropicalis. DNA sequencing for five isolates was received online and aligned to the NCBI database using Blast software. Strain no. 3 was found to be the nearest neighbor to Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain MK267616.1 with an identity of 93.42%.

Conclusion:

The DNA sequencing method is considered one of the best methods for the diagnosis of mold and yeasts.
Sex-Based Variations in Hemato-Physiological Characteristics of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Clinical and Socioeconomic Insights
Authors: Abd Basim A. , Al-Hindy Hayder Abdul-Amir Makki , Obaid Samer Raheem
Published: December 2024

Background:

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a well-known psychiatric condition that can affect a diverse range of populations worldwide.

Objectives:

This research aimed to examine sex differences in hemato-physiological, clinical, and socioeconomic factors, as well as response to antidepressant psychiatric therapy, in a group of 198 adult subjects with MDD.

Materials and Methods:

The study collected basic demographic characteristics, including age, leukocyte counts, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (Hb) blood values, and inflammatory marker “C-reactive protein” (CRP). The cohort exhibited significant alterations between the two sexes in various clinical variables.

Results:

Despite females exhibiting high levels of somatic symptomatology, as evidenced by increased white blood cell counts and BMI, male patients presented higher Hb readings, reflecting probable disparities in physical body responses to depression. A comprehensive review of marital status and educational attainment revealed further sex-linked changes in MDD manifestation. The findings suggest that female patients with higher educational attainment exhibited higher BMI measures compared to their male counterparts, highlighting latent sociocultural impacts on disease presentation. Moreover, marital status meaningfully impacted the clinical presentation of both sexes. The age and BMI physical measurements of married individuals differed from those who were non-married. Additionally, the socioeconomic setting affects the clinical performances of MDD patients. The fluctuating BMI means of those residing in urban and rural areas underscore the significance of external inspirations on health outcomes. Furthermore, the administration of antidepressant medicines revealed sex-associated differences in clinical body reactions, predominantly in CRP serum levels, indicating potential alterations in the effectiveness of antidepressants between the two sexes.

Conclusion:

The present work focuses on the challenges in classifying and managing depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of considering sex-specific alterations. Considering such variations might indeed help improve therapy plans and improve their outcomes. Given the complexity of MDD, medications should be modified to the individual’s clinical symptomatology, sex, and socioeconomic circumstances.
Variation of DNA Repair Genes APE1 and RAD18 in β-Thalassemia Patients
Authors: Jawad Nawras Najah , Al-Terehi Mona N.
Published: December 2024

Background:

In the last decade, beta-thalassemia (β-thalassemia) has been recorded in high percentages among the Iraqi population and this disorder has a deficiency in β-globin chains causing striking heterogeneity of molecular disorder. The study subjects’ characteristics showed nonsignificant differences between age, body mass index, and the percentage of gender between patients and control.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to detect the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease enzyme (APE1) Asp148Glu (rs3136820) and RAD18 Arg302Gln (rs373572) in β-thalassemia patients.

Materials and Methods:

A case–control study was conducted, which included β-thalassemia patients. Thirty acute myeloid leukemia patients attended the Hematology Consultation Clinic and were diagnosed by a specialized hematologist belonging to disease criteria. The control group included 28 healthy individuals, blood samples were collected with approval from each contributor, and ethical approval was given according to the Ministry of Environment and Health in Iraq.

Results:

A significant elevation in iron and ferritin level were observed in the patient group (P = 0.000) the RAD18 genotypes showed nonsignificant differences between Gln/Gln and other genotypes, and between Gln/Arg and Arg/Arg, in allele frequency, there was nonsignificant difference also, the Gln/Arg genotype frequent in slightly changes in patients and control group, Arg/Arg did not observe in the control group. The APE1 genotype showed that GG and TT were more frequent in patients compared with the control group, GT was more frequent in the control compared with the patient group, and all changes were nonsignificant. The allele frequency showed that the T was more frequent in the patient group with nonsignificant differences.

Conclusion:

From this study, we can conclude there was a nonsignificant association between APE1 and RAD18 at the single-nucleotide polymorphisms RAD18 Arg302Gln (rs373572) the APE1 Asp148Glu (rs3136820).
FV Leiden, Prothrombin II, and MTHFR C677T Mutations in Children and Young Adults with Thromboembolic Diseases
Authors: AL-Dewachi Sura O. , Alkafaf Wasem , Fattah Farah Mudhafar , Haza Salman , Kashmoola Muna A.
Published: December 2024

Background:

The main markers for estimation of the tendency for thromboembolic disorders are Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin gene (G20210A), and MTHFR (C677T) polymorphism.

Objectives:

The aim of the present research is to determine the frequency distribution of genetic mutations of (FV Leiden, Prothrombin II, and MTHFR) genes in patients with early-onset thromboembolic diseases.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study done on children and young adults of both sexes aged from 1 to 45 years with thromboembolic disease with no obvious reason who attended patients clinics in Al-Salam Teaching Hospital and were referred from private clinics for a period from June 1, 2019, to August 30, 2020. Detection of gene polymorphism was done in three steps started by isolation of DNA from the blood samples followed by in vitro polymerase chain reaction amplification then hybridization of amplification products at 45°C.

Results:

A total of 50 cases with thromboembolic diseases were enrolled in this study; 21 (42%) were male and 29 (58%) were female. Patients’ mean age was (26.64 ± 8.68) years. Factor V Leiden mutation was the most frequent mutation (12%) followed by MTHFR (C677T) mutation 6%, and the least frequency was for prothrombin gene mutation G20210A (2%).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of mutations in gene encoding Factor V Leiden was higher than MTHFR C677T and Prothrombin 20210A polymorphisms in our locality, consequently, assay for mutation of Factor V Leiden must be included in the evaluation of patients with thromboembolic diseases with no obvious cause.
Determination the Risks Factors of Tuberculosis and Its Clinical Outcome during the Year (2022) in Al-Hilla City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Salih Sadiq Salam H. , Radhi Mohammed Malih , Kadhim Hindi Nada Khazal
Published: December 2024

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium TB bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood-containing mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.

Objectives:

To determine the risks factors of tuberculosis and its clinical outcome in Hilla city and to determine the association between risks factors of tuberculosis and its clinical outcome.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive study is conducted in Hilla City from periods September 1st 2021 to June 1st 2022. The sources of data are the TB patients’ medical records. A non-probability “purposive sample” of (N = 127) patients diagnosed with tuberculosis. The data were obtained retrospectively by reference to these cards. The medical records are in the form of cards and the information contained in them include demographic data of the patients (age, gender, smoking status, history of chronic diseases, and residency).

Results:

The results of study indicate that age group (21‐30) are have highest percentage between all age groups and men are more affected than women.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that the people who are male young adults and elderly, smoker and with chronic diseases are high risk factors for TB.