bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Mutational Profiling of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Circulating Endothelial Cells (CECs) in Patients with Primary Myelofibrosis
Authors: Farina Mirko , Bernardi Simona , Polverelli Nicola , D’Adda Mariella , Malagola Michele , Bosio Katia , Re Federica , Almici Camillo , Dunbar Andrew , Levine Ross L. , Russo Domenico
Published: October 2021

A role of endothelial cells (ECs) in Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) was supposed since JAK2 mutation was found in endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) and in ECs captured by laser microdissection. By Cell Search method, the circulating endothelial cells (CECs) from 14 PMF patients and 5 healthy controls have been isolated and compared by NGS with CD34+Hematopoietic stem and progenitors cells (HSPCs) for panel of 54 myeloid-associated mutations. PMF patients had higher levels of CECs. No mutation was found in HSPCs and CECs from controls, while CECs from PMF patients presented several somatic mutations. 72% of evaluable patients shared at least one mutation between HSPCs and CECs. 2 patients shared the JAK2 mutation, together with ABL1, IDH1, TET2 and ASXL1, KMT2A, respectively. 6 out of 8 shared only NON MPN-driver mutations: TET2 and NOTCH1 in one case; individual paired mutations in TP53, KIT, SRSF2, NOTCH1 and WT1, in the other cases. In conclusion, 70% of PMF patients shared at least one mutation between HSPCs and CECs. These latter harbored several myeloid-associated mutations, besides JAK2V617F mutation. Our results support a primary involvement of EC in PMF and provide a new methodological approach for further studies exploring the role of the “neoplastic” vascular niche.
A Family of Externally-Functionalised Coordination Cages
Authors: Jackson Garrett D. , Tipping Max B. , Taylor Christopher G. P. , Piper Jerico R. , Pritchard Callum , Mozaceanu Cristina , Ward Michael D.
Published: October 2021

New synthetic routes are presented to derivatives of a (known) M8L12 cubic coordination cage in which a range of different substituents are attached at the C4 position of the pyridyl rings at either end of the bis(pyrazolyl-pyridine) bridging ligands. The substituents are (i) –CN groups (new ligand LCN), (ii) –CH2OCH2–CCH (containing a terminal alkyne) groups (new ligand LCC); and (iii) –(CH2OCH2)3CH2OMe (tri-ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether) groups (new ligand LPEG). The resulting functionalised ligands combine with M2+ ions (particularly Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+) to give isostructural [M8L12]16+ cage cores bearing 24 external functional groups; the cages based on LCN (with M2+ = Cd2+) and LCC (with M2+ = Ni2+) have been crystallographically characterised. The value of these is twofold: (i) exterior nitrile or alkene substituents can provide a basis for further synthetic opportunities via ‘Click’ reactions allowing in principle a diverse range of functionalisation of the cage exterior surface; (ii) the exterior –(CH2OCH2)3CH2OMe groups substantially increase cage solubility in both water and in organic solvents, allowing binding constants of cavity-binding guests to be measured under an increased range of conditions.
Attachment and the Development of Moral Emotions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Costa Martins Mariana , Santos Ana Filipa , Fernandes Marília , Veríssimo Manuela
Published: October 2021

In recent years, the development of social and moral emotions (often associated to pro-social behaviors) has become the subject of increased research interest. However, the relation between these emotions and attachment is less studied. The present systematic literature review (PROSPERO: CRD42021247210) was designed to synthesize current empirical contributions that explore the link between attachment and the development of moral emotions (e.g., empathy, sympathy, altruism, and guilt) during childhood and adolescence. Article exclusion criteria included: studies with participants not living in natural contexts (e.g., institutionalized); studies on mental illness; qualitative research; research that does not reliably evaluate attachment or moral emotions; research on intervention programs; and non-peer-reviewed articles. Only 10 studies were found eligible. Results highlight a present focus on empathy and guilt and gaps regarding sympathy and altruism. The mediator role and positive effect of emotion regulation was noted. Significant positive correlations between attachment security and guilt, shame and forgiveness were emphasized. Limitations of the eligible studies included: representativeness of the participants; causality of the results; and the validity and significance of the instruments (e.g., lack of results reported by various parties involved). The present review aims to contribute to the understanding of an empathic, healthy development, in contrast to the alienation and bullying affecting the youth’s emotional, relational and academic lives.
Changes of Neural Pathways after Vojta Approach in a Child with Developmental Delay
Authors: Ha Sun-Young , Sung Yun-Hee
Published: October 2021

The development of motor function is related to the development of neural pathways in the white matter. Children with developmental delay (DD) and hypotonia have reduced motor function, and their neural pathways are observed differently from those of typically developed children. We investigated changes in neural pathways through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) after utilizing the Vojta approach. The participant was a child with DD and hypotonia, and had delayed motor function. Although he had no brain damage on magnetic resonance imaging findings, damage to the neural pathway was confirmed through DTI due to cytomegalovirus infection in the mother’s womb. From 11 months of age, the Vojta approach was performed for a total of 8 months. In this study, we found that in CST, the left FA and right TV increased in follow-up DTI more than in the initial DTI. In CRP, Wallerian degeneration was observed in the left FA, MD, and TV in follow-up DTI. GMFM-88 improved after intervention. The structural change of neural pathways through the Vojta approach influenced the improvement of gross motor function. Therefore, it is thought that the Vojta approach can be suggested as a meaningful intervention for children with DD and hypotonia.
Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers’ Levels in Obese Patients
Authors: Wiciński Michał , Ozorowski Mateusz , Wódkiewicz Eryk , Otto Stephan Walter , Kubiak Karol , Malinowski Bartosz
Published: October 2021

In view of research suggesting a possible beneficial impact of vitamin D on systemic inflammatory response, the authors decided to investigate an influence of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of certain inflammatory markers in obese patients. The current study included such biomarkers as interleukin-6 (IL-6), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), C-X3-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 (CX3CL1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and nitric oxide (NO). The measurements were performed with the ELISA method before and after 3-month-long supplementation of 2000 IU of vitamin D orally. The results showed that the therapy did not induce any statistically significant changes in serum levels of MCP-1, IL-6, CX3CL1, and PACAP. The supplementation was related to a significant increase in measurements of NO and AOPP levels, although the correlation analysis between vitamin D concentration after its supplementation and the concentration of the molecular parameters did not show significant relation. In conclusion, our study seems to contradict certain aspects of findings available in the literature regarding the vitamin D’s impact.
Parallel Privacy-Preserving Shortest Path Algorithms
Authors: Anagreh Mohammad , Laud Peeter , Vainikko Eero
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose and present secure multiparty computation (SMC) protocols for single-source shortest distance (SSSD) and all-pairs shortest distance (APSD) in sparse and dense graphs. Our protocols follow the structure of classical algorithms—Bellman–Ford and Dijkstra for SSSD; Johnson, Floyd–Warshall, and transitive closure for APSD. As the computational platforms offered by SMC protocol sets have performance profiles that differ from typical processors, we had to perform extensive changes to the structure (including their control flow and memory accesses) and the details of these algorithms in order to obtain good performance. We implemented our protocols on top of the secret sharing based protocol set offered by the Sharemind SMC platform, using single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) operations as much as possible to reduce the round complexity. We benchmarked our protocols under several different parameters for network performance and compared our performance figures against each other and with ones reported previously.
A Review of Immunocryosurgery and a Practical Guide to Its Applications
Authors: Gaitanis Georgios , Bassukas Ioannis D.
Published: October 2021

Immunocryosurgery is a minimally invasive combinational therapeutic procedure that has been designed, developed, and evaluated in the Dermatology Department of the University of Ioannina from 2004. In a fixed time protocol, this approach combines immune stimulatory therapy with imiquimod and cryosurgery, i.e., cryosurgery is applied during continuous imiquimod treatment. Laboratory findings in tissue and blood level credit the efficacy to the synergy of imiquimod and cryosurgery. The synergy has been established through clinical trials and the excellent feasibility and efficacy demonstrated in clinical practice. Immunocryosurgery has extensive proof of excellent efficacy, comparable to surgery, in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. It has also been evaluated in cases of Bowen’s disease, keratoacanthoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, lentigo maligna, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with or without the addition of adjuvants. The aims of this review are to detail the immunocryosurgery protocol with the addition of daily practice clinical tips, compile data on the mechanism of action of immunocryosurgery, and delineate indications and possible future applications. Most of the available data originate from the treatment of BCC, of all histological types and localizations, and the principles reported mainly reflect on evidence related to the treatment of this common skin cancer.
A Hidden Chaotic System with Multiple Attractors
Authors: Zhang Xiefu , Tian Zean , Li Jian , Wu Xianming , Cui Zhongwei
Published: October 2021

This paper reports a hidden chaotic system without equilibrium point. The proposed system is studied by the software of MATLAB R2018 through several numerical methods, including Largest Lyapunov exponent, bifurcation diagram, phase diagram, Poincaré map, time-domain waveform, attractive basin and Spectral Entropy. Seven types of attractors are found through altering the system parameters and some interesting characteristics such as coexistence attractors, controllability of chaotic attractor, hyperchaotic behavior and transition behavior are observed. Particularly, the Spectral Entropy algorithm is used to analyze the system and based on the normalized values of Spectral Entropy, the state of the studied system can be identified. Furthermore, the system has been implemented physically to verify the realizability.
Economic Cycles of Carnot Type
Authors: Udriste Constantin , Golubyatnikov Vladimir , Tevy Ionel
Published: October 2021

Originally, the Carnot cycle was a theoretical thermodynamic cycle that provided an upper limit on the efficiency that any classical thermodynamic engine can achieve during the conversion of heat into work, or conversely, the efficiency of a refrigeration system in creating a temperature difference by the application of work to the system. The first aim of this paper is to introduce and study the economic Carnot cycles concerning Roegenian economics, using our thermodynamic–economic dictionary. These cycles are described in both a Q−P diagram and a E−I diagram. An economic Carnot cycle has a maximum efficiency for a reversible economic “engine”. Three problems together with their solutions clarify the meaning of the economic Carnot cycle, in our context. Then we transform the ideal gas theory into the ideal income theory. The second aim is to analyze the economic Van der Waals equation, showing that the diffeomorphic-invariant information about the Van der Waals surface can be obtained by examining a cuspidal potential.
The Spread of Ideas in a Network—The Garbage-Can Model
Authors: Żuchowska-Skiba Dorota , Stojkow Maria , Krawczyk Malgorzata J. , Kułakowski Krzysztof
Published: October 2021

The main goal of our work is to show how ideas change in social networks. Our analysis is based on three concepts: (i) temporal networks, (ii) the Axelrod model of culture dissemination, (iii) the garbage can model of organizational choice. The use of the concept of temporal networks allows us to show the dynamics of ideas spreading processes in networks, thanks to the analysis of contacts between agents in networks. The Axelrod culture dissemination model allows us to use the importance of cooperative behavior for the dynamics of ideas disseminated in networks. In the third model decisions on solutions of problems are made as an outcome of sequences of pseudorandom numbers. The origin of this model is the Herbert Simon’s view on bounded rationality. In the Axelrod model, ideas are conveyed by strings of symbols. The outcome of the model should be the diversity of evolving ideas as dependent on the chain length, on the number of possible values of symbols and on the threshold value of Hamming distance which enables the combination.
Multifractality in Quasienergy Space of Coherent States as a Signature of Quantum Chaos
Authors: Wang Qian , Robnik Marko
Published: October 2021

We present the multifractal analysis of coherent states in kicked top model by expanding them in the basis of Floquet operator eigenstates. We demonstrate the manifestation of phase space structures in the multifractal properties of coherent states. In the classical limit, the classical dynamical map can be constructed, allowing us to explore the corresponding phase space portraits and to calculate the Lyapunov exponent. By tuning the kicking strength, the system undergoes a transition from regularity to chaos. We show that the variation of multifractal dimensions of coherent states with kicking strength is able to capture the structural changes of the phase space. The onset of chaos is clearly identified by the phase-space-averaged multifractal dimensions, which are well described by random matrix theory in a strongly chaotic regime. We further investigate the probability distribution of expansion coefficients, and show that the deviation between the numerical results and the prediction of random matrix theory behaves as a reliable detector of quantum chaos.
Psychometric Testing of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale among Iranian Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lin Chung-Ying , Tofangchiha Maryam , Scheerman Janneke F. M. , Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Pakpour Amir H.
Published: October 2021

(1) Background: The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian adaptation of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) in Iranian adolescents. (2) Methods: Adolescents with a mean age of 15.10 (n = 3197; 47.1% males) were recruited from Qazvin city of Iran using a stratified cluster random sampling technique. All children completed the five-item Persian MDAS and information related to background characteristics. Psychometric testing was conducted using classical test theory (CTT) and Rasch models. For CTT, an item-total correlation of >0.4 was considered satisfactory while for Rasch analysis, infit and outfit mean squares (Mnsq) ranging from 0.5–1.5 were considered satisfactory. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to confirm the unidimensional structure of MDAS using various fit indices. Differential item functioning (DIF) was evaluated based on gender and time since last dental visit. Moreover, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify the participants into different levels of dental fear based on their pattern of responses. Both item level reliability using Cronbachs alpha (α) and test-reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients were evaluated. (3) Results: Item-total correlations ranged from 0.69–0.78, infit MnSq ranged from 0.80 to 1.11 and the range of outfit MnSq was 0.84–1.10. The data confirmed a one-factor structure of MDAS with satisfactory fit indices. DIF analysis indicated that the scale was interpreted similarly across the genders and time since dental visit groups. LCA analysis identified three levels, low, moderate and high levels of dental anxiety. The groups with moderate and high levels of dental anxiety had more females (44.6% and 36.7%) than the group with low level of dental anxiety (18.8%; p < 0.001). α of the total scale was 0.89 and item test-retest reliability ranged from 0.72–0.86. (4) Conclusions: The Persian MDAS was unidimensional with satisfactory psychometric properties evaluated using both CTT and Rasch analysis among Iranian adolescents. The scale was stable across the genders and individuals with different dental visiting patterns. The Persian MDAS also demonstrated excellent reliability.
Sustainable Energy Consumption
Authors: Ramos Carlos , Vale Zita , Palensky Peter , Nishi Hiroaki
Published: October 2021

Energy use in homes and buildings represents an important part of the load of electrical systems [...]
Characterization of the Effects of Ingested Bodies on the Rotor–Stator Interaction of Hydraulic Turbines
Authors: Guardo Alfredo , Fontanals Alfred , Egusquiza Mònica , Valero Carme , Egusquiza Eduard
Published: October 2021

Runner and distributor blockages in hydraulic turbines occur due to the ingestion of external bodies such as rocks or logs. These obstructions can change the amplitude and uniformity of the pressure pulsations in the machine, creating large unbalanced forces that can lead to reduced efficiency, increased vibration and mechanical damage. In this paper, the effects of obstructions caused by ingested bodies in the runner and the distributor of a pump turbine on its internal pressure pulsation were investigated by means of computational fluid dynamics. A numerical model of an unobstructed pump turbine is presented and validated against experimental data. Several cases of runner or distributor blockage were studied, and their RSI pressure pulsations were recorded and analyzed at different locations. The results obtained allow us to characterize the effect of these blockages on the machine’s RSI, which can be helpful for the correct diagnosis of these types of damage.
Provision of Frequency Response from Wind Farms: A Review
Authors: Fernández-Bustamante Pablo , Barambones Oscar , Calvo Isidro , Napole Cristian , Derbeli Mohamed
Published: October 2021

Renewable sources of energy play a key role in the process of decarbonizing modern electric power systems. However, some renewable sources of energy operate in an intermittent, non-dispatchable way, which may affect the balance of the electrical grid. In this scenario, wind turbine generators must participate in the system frequency control to avoid jeopardizing the transmission and distribution systems. For that reason, additional control strategies are needed to ensure the frequency response of variable-speed wind turbines. This review article analyzes diverse control strategies at different levels which are aimed at contributing to power balancing and system frequency control, including energy storage systems.
Neuroendocrine Changes during Menopausal Transition
Authors: Giannini Andrea , Caretto Marta , Genazzani Andrea R. , Simoncini Tommaso
Published: October 2021

Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstrual cycles following the loss of ovarian follicular activity. Quality of life of postmenopausal woman is the result of a series of psychobiological transformations, that see in the reduction of sex hormones and steroids the etiopathogenetic determinant moment. Symptoms of menopause range from somatic side such as metabolic changes, increased cardiovascular disease, irregular vaginal bleeding, urogenital symptoms, vaginal dryness, osteoporosis and risk of bones fractures to changes of central nervous system as vasomotor symptoms, sleep disruption, mood changes, migraine, sexual dysfunctions. It is fundamental to know the mechanisms underlying changes in the central nervous system during menopause, related to hypoestrogenism, to be able to create appropriate target therapy for patients, improving their quality of life. In fact, the central nervous system is now one of the major targets of sex steroids that cannot be achieved disregard when dealing with the problem of choice of a particular type of MHT.
A Case Study on Metal Contamination in Water and Sediment near a Coal Thermal Power Plant on the Eastern Coast of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Solaiman , Ahmed Md. Kawser , Liyana Eurida , Hossain Md. Shahadat , Jolly Yeasmin Nahar , Kabir M. Jamiul , Akter Shirin , Rahman M. Safiur
Published: October 2021

This study has evaluated the potential ecological risk and human health risk for the contamination of nine elements (Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn, As, Pb, Co, Fe, and Sr) in water and sediment samples in two seasons, i.e., before and after rainy season, by calculating several pollution indices such as pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk (PER), and target hazard quotient (THQ). Samples were analyzed for elemental concentration using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry. This study found that waters in the Kutubdia channel are safe and standard for aquatic organisms. In addition, the study area’s elemental concentration in water and sediments is still safe but moderately enriched with Zn and Cu. The elemental concentration in water was observed to be high in the pre-monsoon season and vice versa in the sediment study. The result also reveals no potential ecological risk (PER < 4) in the study site. However, the health risk index showed a noncarcinogenic risk (THQ > 1) for children and adults regarding the inhalation process where manganese was dominant. Apart from this, the pollution source was also identified by multivariate statistical analysis, including cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA)—and a natural pollution source prevalent was found.
Silver Ion-Complexation High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography Coupled with Prep-HPLC for Separation of Sesquiterpenoids from Germacrene A Fermentation Broth
Authors: Zhao Huanzhu , Song Xiangyun , Ali Iftikhar , Hussain Manzoor , Mehmood Andleeb , Siyo Baraa , Gao Qianshan , Cui Li , Aziz Shahid , Hussain Hidayat , Ma Wenya , Qin Dawei , Wang Daijie
Published: October 2021

A silver ion high-speed counter-current chromatography ([Ag+]-HSCCC) was developed to separate and purify five sesquiterpenoids from germacrene A fermentation broth. The solvent system was consisted of n-hexane-methanol-silver nitrate (3 mol/L) solution (10:9.5:0.5, v/v). By employing this chromatographic protocol, five sesquiterpenoids named β-elemene (1; 54.1 mg), germacrene A (2; 28.5 mg), γ-selinene (3; 4.6 mg), β-selinene (4; 3.4 mg), and α-selinene (5; 1.3 mg) were obtained successfully from 500 mg extracted crude sample with purities of 97.1%, 95.2%, 98.2%, 96.3% and 98.5%, respectively, combined with preparative HPLC. The results reveal that the addition of metal ion in biphasic solvent system significantly improved the HSCCC separation factor of sesquiterpenoids. Meanwhile, our study also provided an alternate approach to separate the compounds with less polarity, also geometrical isomers and various natural product classes.
Acanthocephalan Worms Mitigate the Harmful Impacts of Heavy Metal Pollution on Their Fish Hosts
Authors: Hassanine Reda , Al-Hasawi Zaki
Published: October 2021

Toxic metal pollutants in aquatic environments and infestationwith intestinal helminths adversely affect the fish health, as well as fish consumers. Acanthocephalan worms in fish intestine have a high potential to absorb and bioaccumulate different heavy metals, especially toxic ones, from the intestine via their tegument with greater efficiency than the fish intestinal wall. Herein, 47 specimens of the fish Siganusrivulatus were trapped in the Red Sea, Egypt, from a chronically polluted bay. All were intoxicatedwith Cd and Pb; 20 (42.5%) were uninfected with any intestinal worm, but the other 27 (57.5%) were infected only by the intestinal acanthocephalan Sclerocollum rubrimaris. The number of individual worms in a fish host (infrapopulation size) ranged from 32 to 236. As a reference group, 22 uncontaminated–uninfected specimens of S. rivulatus were trapped from a small unpolluted bay. Our results revealed that infection with acanthocephalans alleviatesthe harmful effectsof toxic metalson their fish hosts by: (1) lowering the elevated concentrations of both Cd and Pb in fish liver; (2) lowering the elevated levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT), glucose, triglycerides, and urea in fish blood serum; and (3) raising the declined levels of total protein and albumin in fish blood serum. All of these were dependent on S. rubrimaris infrapopulation size in fish intestine.
Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Method of Non-Smooth Surfaces for Aerodynamic Drag Reduction on A Minivan
Authors: Yang Zhendong , Jin Yifeng , Gu Zhengqi
Published: October 2021

To reduce aerodynamic drag of a minivan, non-smooth surfaces are applied to the minivan’s roof panel design. A steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to investigate the aerodynamic drag characteristics. The accuracy of the numerical method is validated by wind tunnel test. The drag reduction effects of rectangle, rhombus and arithmetic progression arrangement for circular concaves are investigated numerically, and then the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the rectangle arrangement with a better drag reduction effect is chosen as the optimization objective. Three parameters, that is, the diameter D of the circular concave, the width W and the longitudinal distance L among the circular concaves, are selected as design variables. A 20-level design of an experimental study using a Latin Hypercube scheme is conducted. The responses of 20 groups of sample points are obtained by CFD simulation, based on which a Kriging model is chosen to create the surrogate-model. The multi-island genetic algorithm is employed to find the optimum solution. The result shows that maximum drag reduction effects up to 7.71% can be achieved with a rectangle circular concaves arrangement. The reduction mechanism of the roof with the circular concaves was discussed. The circular concaves decrease friction resistance of the roof and change the flow characteristics of the recirculation area in the wake of the minivan. The roof with the circular concaves reduces the differential pressure drag of the front and rear of the minivan.
Multi-Analytical Assessment of Bodied Drying Oil Varnishes and Their Use as Binders in Armour Paints
Authors: Izzo Francesca Caterina , Källbom Arja , Nevin Austin
Published: October 2021

The characteristics of commercially available refined and bodied linseed and tung oils, used as binders in the production of armour paints after historic recipes, are explored. Employed as anticorrosive paints mainly from the 1920s to 1960s, armour paints are greener alternatives that can be used for protection in industrial heritage conservation. Using a multi-analytical approach, chemical and physical properties of the fresh oils and solid films before and after accelerated ageing (ISO 16474-2:2013) were investigated to better understand which features are beneficial for the technical function of armour paints. Tests included measurements of density, the refractive index, insoluble impurities, alkaline impurities, the water content, the iodine value, the saponification value, the free fatty acid concentration, the acid value, the peroxide value and colour (Lovibond) and cold tests. The characterisation of the fresh oils using molecular analysis with FTIR and GC-MS revealed the complexity of the commercial formulations, for which additions of semi- and non-drying oils were detected. The results show that organic paint binders follow complex chemical reactions (such as oxidation and decrease of unsaturation being variable or swelling following water-immersion tests), with implications for their suitability for use in protection.
Numerical Prediction of the Seismic Behavior of Reassembled Columns in Ancient Structures: An Anastylosis Model for the Temple of Apollo Pythios in Gortyn (Crete)
Authors: Salvalaggio Matteo , Bonetto Jacopo , Zampar Matteo , Valluzzi Maria Rosa
Published: October 2021

The Temple of Apollo Pythios in Gortyn (Crete, Greece) dates back to the mid-7th century BC. The temple underwent several transformations and an ultimate destruction over time that resulted in the current remains of a Roman colonnade composed of six fragmented stone columns lying on the ground within the naos. In addition, the region was struck by several earthquakes which contributed to the various changes. The analysis of the fragments composing the column portions and their geometric features provided a possible outline for their standing repositioning. Based on the current seismic hazard of the region, a predictive numerical model of the colonnade in the anastylosis conditions suggested the need for proper connections between the fragments and the bases to ensure their overall conservation as a compound structure. The comparison of various configurations of intervention and the simple superimposition of the fragments also provided details on the accomplishment of minimal and compatible solutions.
Low-Invasive CO2-Based Visual Alerting Systems to Manage Natural Ventilation and Improve IAQ in Historic School Buildings
Authors: Avella Francesca , Gupta Akshit , Peretti Clara , Fulici Gianmaria , Verdi Luca , Belleri Annamaria , Babich Francesco
Published: October 2021

Children spend a large part of their growing years in schools, and as they are more sensitive to some pollutants than adults, it is essential to monitor and maximize the indoor air quality (IAQ) in classrooms. Many schools are located in historic and heritage buildings, and improving the IAQ, preserving the architectural features, poses a great challenge. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-invasiveness, low-cost, smart CO2-based visual alerting systems to manage natural ventilation and improve IAQ in historic school buildings. Indoor and outdoor parameters were monitored for three weeks in four schools with different levels of education (two classrooms per school; device installed in one only). Based on indoor CO2 concentration, air temperature and relative humidity, the device suggests when windows should be opened to ventilate. The comparison between the two classrooms show that the effectiveness of the device is highly dependent on the occupants: (i) reduction in the average CO2 concentrations of up to 42% in classrooms with frontal lesson and full occupancy, (ii) the device is not the most ideal solution for kindergarten due to the young age of the pupils, and (iii) it is more used during mild outdoor temperatures.
Salicylate Treatment Affects Fruit Quality and Also Alters the Composition of Metabolites in Strawberries
Authors: Gačnik Saša , Veberič Robert , Hudina Metka , Koron Darinka , Mikulič-Petkovšek Maja
Published: October 2021

This study evaluated the effect of preharvest treatments with salicylates (salicylic acid (SA), methyl salicylic acid (MeSA) and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA)) on fruit quality parameters and primary and secondary metabolites during ripening at five sampling dates. The results showed that salicylates affect overall fruit quality, and some very desirable and important properties of strawberry fruits were acquired by the treatments, such as a deeper red colour (decreased hue angle), delayed ripening process with maintenance of higher fruit firmness, and higher sugar and ascorbic acid content. HPLC-MS analysis of the phenolic contents showed at almost all sampling dates that treatment with salicylates increased the content of some phenolic groups, the contents of the hydroxycinnamic acids (SA: up to 18%; MeSA: up to 13% increase), flavanols (SA: up to 27%, MeSA: up to 36% and ASA: up to 24% increase), anthocyanins (SA: up to 51%, MeSA: up to 33% and ASA: up to 28% increase) and also flavonol glycosides such as flavones. Total phenolics in fruits also increased-up to 27% with SA and up to 28% with MeSA. In general, better fruit quality and higher metabolite content were obtained with SA.
Genome-Wide Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of Auxin Response Factor Genes in Highbush Blueberry
Authors: Zong Yu , Gu Lili , Shen Zhuli , Kang Haiting , Li Yongqiang , Liao Fanglei , Xu Lishan , Guo Weidong
Published: October 2021

Auxin response factors (ARFs) are a transcription factor family that regulates the expression of auxin phase-responsive genes. Here, we performed a genome-wide investigation of the tetraploid blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum cv. ‘Draper’) genome sequence. Physical and chemical properties, phylogenetic evolution, gene structure, conservative motifs, chromosome location, and cis-acting elements of blueberry ARF genes were comprehensively evaluated. A total of 70 blueberry ARF genes (VcARF) were found in its genome, which could be divided into six subfamilies. VcARF genes were unevenly distributed on 40 chromosomes and were observed to encode protein sequences ranging in length from 162 to 1117 amino acids. Their exon numbers range from 2 to 22. VcARF promoter regions contain multiple functional domains associated with light signaling, aerobic metabolism, plant hormones, stress, and cell cycle regulation. More family members of VcARF genes were discovered in blueberry than in previously studied plants, likely because of the occurrence of whole-genome duplication and/or tandem duplication. VcARF expression patterns were analyzed at different stages of fruit development, and VcARF3, VcARF4, VcARF14, VcARF37, and VcARF52 were observed to play important roles. VcARF3 and VcARF4 appeared to function as repressors, while VcARF14 acted as an essential factor in fruit firmness differences between firm and soft flesh cultivars.
Electrocardiogram Fiducial Point Detector Using a Bilateral Filter and Symmetrical Point-Filter Structure
Authors: Bae Tae-Wuk , Kwon Kee-Koo , Kim Kyu-Hyung
Published: October 2021

The characteristics or aspects of important fiducial points (FPs) in the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal are complicated because of various factors, such as non-stationary effects and low signal-to-noise ratio. Due to the various noises caused by the ECG signal measurement environment and by typical ECG signal deformation due to heart diseases, detecting such FPs becomes a challenging task. In this study, we introduce a novel PQRST complex detector using a one-dimensional bilateral filter (1DBF) and the temporal characteristics of FPs. The 1DBF with noise suppression and edge preservation preserves the P- or T-wave whereas it suppresses the QRS-interval. The 1DBF acts as a background predictor for predicting the background corresponding to the P- and T-waves and the remaining flat interval excluding the QRS-interval. The R-peak and QRS-interval are founded by the difference of the original ECG signal and the predicted background signal. Then, the Q- and S-points and the FPs related to the P- and T-wave are sequentially detected using the determined searching range and detection order based on the detected R-peak. The detection performance of the proposed method is analyzed through the MIT-BIH database (MIT-DB) and the QT database (QT-DB).
Multi-Task Learning-Based Immunofluorescence Classification of Kidney Disease
Authors: Pan Sai , Fu Yibing , Chen Pu , Liu Jiaona , Liu Weicen , Wang Xiaofei , Cai Guangyan , Yin Zhong , Wu Jie , Tang Li , Wang Yong , Duan Shuwei , Dai Ning , Jiang Lai , Xu Mai , Chen Xiangmei
Published: October 2021

Chronic kidney disease is one of the most important causes of mortality worldwide, but a shortage of nephrology pathologists has led to delays or errors in its diagnosis and treatment. Immunofluorescence (IF) images of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), membranous nephropathy (MN), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and lupus nephritis (LN) were obtained from the General Hospital of Chinese PLA. The data were divided into training and test data. To simulate the inaccurate focus of the fluorescence microscope, the Gaussian method was employed to blur the IF images. We proposed a novel multi-task learning (MTL) method for image quality assessment, de-blurring, and disease classification tasks. A total of 1608 patients’ IF images were included—1289 in the training set and 319 in the test set. For non-blurred IF images, the classification accuracy of the test set was 0.97, with an AUC of 1.000. For blurred IF images, the proposed MTL method had a higher accuracy (0.94 vs. 0.93, p < 0.01) and higher AUC (0.993 vs. 0.986) than the common MTL method. The novel MTL method not only diagnosed four types of kidney diseases through blurred IF images but also showed good performance in two auxiliary tasks: image quality assessment and de-blurring.
Telehealth-Based Family Conferences with Implementation of Shared Decision Making Concepts and Humanistic Communication Approach: A Mixed-Methods Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chou Tzu-Jung , Wu Yu-Rui , Tsai Jaw-Shiun , Cheng Shao-Yi , Yao Chien-An , Peng Jen-Kuei , Chiu Tai-Yuan , Huang Hsien-Liang
Published: October 2021

Smartphone-enabled, telehealth-based family conferences represent an attractive and safe alternative to deliver communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, some may fear that the therapeutic relationship might be filtered due to a lack of direct human contact. The study aims to explore whether shared decision-making model combining VALUE (Value family statements, Acknowledge emotions, Listen, Understand the patient as a person, Elicit questions) and PLACE (Prepare with intention, Listen intently and completely, Agree on what matters most, Connect with the patient’s story, Explore emotional cues) framework can help physicians respond empathetically to emotional cues and foster human connectedness in a virtual context. Twenty-five virtual family conferences were conducted in a national medical center in Taiwan. The expression of verbal emotional distress was noted in 20% of patients and 20% of family members, while nonverbal distress was observed in 24% and 28%, respectively. On 10-point Likert scale, the satisfaction score was 8.7 ± 1.5 toward overall communication and 9.0 ± 1.1 on meeting the family’s needs. Adopting SDM concepts with VALUE and PLACE approaches helps physicians foster connectedness in telehealth family conferences. The model has high participant satisfaction scores and may improve healthcare quality among the pandemic.
Not Just a ‘Breath of Death’: Indirect Consequences of Working in a COVID-19 Unit
Authors: Guha Anasuya , Schalek Petr , Chovanec Martin , Kraml Pavel , Bala Jakub , Plzak Jan
Published: October 2021

We carried out a survey in the Czech Republic between January and February 2021 to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on doctors working in the COVID-19 unit. A rise in 250,000 cases were seen in the Czech Republic during the time of the survey. The indirect impact of the disease on doctors working in COVID-19 units and strategies to control the situation in the Czech Republic were evaluated here. About 35% doctors were concerned with health issues, 40% had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, 51% reported lack of support for those who had contracted COVID-19 and 163 agreed that medical, psychological counselling and financial services should be provided. Most doctors experienced moderate and severe degrees of psychological impact. Doctors with the least working experience and those with at least 21 to 35 years were most affected. Mental fatigue was the most common reported psychosomatic effect. The effects were higher in doctors who were more concerned about working in COVID-19 units. Around 87% agreed that the best strategy in controlling the situation in the Czech Republic would be ‘preventive measures in combination with vaccination’. History shows us that pandemics can occur in multiple waves. Subsequent waves, inadequate support as well as unparalleled workload can lead to a serious rise in psychological disorders amongst HCWs worldwide.
Fears, Reassurance, and Milestones: A Twitter Analysis around World Prematurity Day during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McKay Kathy , O’Nions Elizabeth , Wayland Sarah , Ferguson David , Kennedy Eilis
Published: October 2021

Preterm birth (birth <37 completed weeks’ gestation) is common, affecting 10.6% of live births globally (nearly 15 million babies per year). Having a new baby admitted to a neonatal unit often triggers stress and anxiety for parents. This paper seeks to explore experiences of preterm birth via Twitter. The intermingling of COVID-19 restrictions and World Prematurity Day allows for an understanding of both the additional stresses incurred as a consequence of the pandemic and the more “everyday” experiences in the NICU and beyond. The content analysis of the data included 3161 tweets. Three themes were identified: 1. COVID-19 was not the only trauma; 2. Raising awareness, especially World Prematurity Day; and, 3. Baby milestones. These themes highlight the multi-level challenges faced by parents of premature babies and the healthcare professionals involved in their care. The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent restrictions imposed on parents’ contact with their babies have resulted in immense emotional strain for families. The reported COVID-19 pandemic “baby blind spot” appears to particularly impact this group of babies. Improved understanding of the lived experiences of preterm babies and their families should inform greater awareness and improved support.
In Vitro Effects of Particulate Matter Associated with a Wildland Fire in the North-West of Italy
Authors: Gea Marta , Bonetta Sara , Marangon Daniele , Pitasi Francesco Antonio , Armato Caterina , Gilli Giorgio , Bert Fabrizio , Fontana Marco , Schilirò Tiziana
Published: October 2021

Wildland fires, increasing in recent decades in the Mediterranean region due to climate change, can contribute to PM levels and composition. This study aimed to investigate biological effects of PM2.5 (Ø < 2.5 µm) and PM10 (Ø < 10 µm) collected near a fire occurred in the North-West of Italy in 2017 and in three other areas (urban and rural areas). Organic extracts were assessed for mutagenicity using Ames test (TA98 and TA100 strains), cell viability (WST-1 and LDH assays) and genotoxicity (Comet assay) with human bronchial cells (BEAS-2B) and estrogenic activity using a gene reporter assay (MELN cells). In all sites, high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 were measured during the fire suggesting that near and distant sites were influenced by fire pollutants. The PM10 and PM2.5 extracts induced a significant mutagenicity in all sites and the mutagenic effect was increased with respect to historical data. All extracts induced a slight increase of the estrogenic activity but a possible antagonistic activity of PM samples collected near fire was observed. No cytotoxicity or DNA damage was detected. Results confirm that fires could be relevant for human health, since they can worsen the air quality increasing PM concentrations, mutagenic and estrogenic effects.
Physical Activity and Its Determinants among Senior Residents of Podlasie, a Green Region of Poland, Based on the National PolSenior Study
Authors: Rowiński Rafał , Kowalska Grażyna , Kozakiewicz Mariusz , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia , Kornatowski Maciej , Hawlena Joanna , Rowińska Karolina
Published: October 2021

Physical activity is essential at all stages of life, and particularly so in the later years. The main objectives of the present work was to evaluate the physical activity of seniors, aged 65 years and older, living in the area of the Podlaskie voivodeship (Podlasie), Poland, based on the results of the nationwide PolSenior project, and to formulate recommendations for health policies implemented by both national and local government units. The study was performed as part of the national PolSenior project, whose aim was to evaluate various aspects of aging in Poland. The physical activity of a group of 186 randomly-selected people aged 65 years and above, 94 men and 92 women, was evaluated by questionnaire. The analysis included participants who took part in physical activity at least several times a week. Although all participants reported a decline in physical activity with age, the men remained physically active for longer. Among the respondents, 68.3% of women and 62.7% of men took short walks around the house as the main form of exercise, with working on the allotment or garden being another frequent activity; however, this was more common among men (53.9%) than women (34.7%). In addition, men were nearly twice as likely to take part in cycling (31.5%) than women (13.1%). The greatest motivation for physical activity given by the respondents was health, as noted by 73.8% of the men and 77.7% of the women. The physical activity of seniors in Podlasie is unsatisfactory and does not fulfil the WHO recommendations regarding the prophylaxis and prevention of chronic illness. This level does not, however, significantly differ from that reported in the nationwide PolSenior study or in other European countries in the Eurobarometer study. The decline in physical activity with age highlights the need for its greater promotion among seniors by local authorities. Such initiatives will help maintain the physical fitness and independence of this age group and contribute to a greater quality of life.
Feasibility of Utilizing Social Media to Promote HPV Self-Collected Sampling among Medically Underserved Women in a Rural Southern City in the United States (U.S.)
Authors: Asare Matthew , Lanning Beth A. , Isada Sher , Rose Tiffany , Mamudu Hadii M.
Published: October 2021

Background: Social media (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter) as communication channels have great potential to deliver Human papillomavirus self-test (HPVST) intervention to medically underserved women (MUW) such as women of low income. However, little is known about MUW’s willingness to participate in HPVST intervention delivered through social media. We evaluated factors that contribute to MUW’s intention to participate in the social media-related intervention for HPVST. Methods: A 21-item survey was administered among women receiving food from a local food pantry in a U.S. southern state. Independent variables were social media usage facilitators (including confidentiality, social support, cost, and convenience), and barriers (including misinformation, time-consuming, inefficient, and privacy concerns). Dependent variables included the likelihood of participating in social-driven intervention for HPVST. Both variables were measured on a 5-point scale. We used multinomial logistic regression to analyze the data. Results: A total of 254 women (mean age 48.9 ± 10.7 years) comprising Whites (40%), Hispanics (29%), Blacks (27%), and Other (4%) participated in the study. We found that over 44% of the women were overdue for their pap smears for the past three years, 12% had never had a pap smear, and 34% were not sure if they had had a pap smear. Over 82% reported frequent social media (e.g., Facebook) usage, and 52% reported willingness to participate in social media-driven intervention for HPVST. Women who reported that social media provide privacy (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 6.23, 95% CI: 3.56, 10.92), provide social support (AOR = 7.18, 95% CI: 4.03, 12.80), are less costly (AOR = 6.71, 95% CI: 3.80, 11.85), and are convenient (AOR = 6.17, 95% CI: 3.49, 10.92) had significantly increased odds of participating in social media intervention for HPVST. Conclusions: The findings underscore that the majority of the MUW are overdue for cervical cancer screening, regularly use social media, and are willing to participate in social media-driven intervention. Social media could be used to promote HPV self-testing among MUW.