bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics Of Leachate Generated At Landfill Sites And Probable Risks Of Surface And Groundwater Pollution In The Surrounding Areas : A Case Study Of Matuail Landfill Site, Dhaka
Authors: Azim MD , Rahman M Mahabubur , Khan Riaz Hossain , Kamal ATMM
Published: January 2012

The characteristics of leachate and its probable risks on surface and groundwater pollution were investigated following the analysis of some chemical parameters of the leachate generated in the Matuail landfill site, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The laboratory test results on untreated grab leachate samples show high concentration of TDS (734 ppm), COD (1631 ppm), NH4 +-N (1253 ppm), HCO3 - (27962 ppm) and certain heavy metals such as Ni (1.05 ppm) and Cr (0.74 ppm) and have very high potential for contaminating ground and surface water. Biological treatment through aeration and sedimentation improves the quality of leachate significantly. However, parameters such as COD (1437 ppm) are found to be still high even after treatment. The surface water samples around the landfill site appear to be contaminated, most probably, through the overflow of leachate. Groundwater parameters, however, satisfy drinking water quality standard except, the concentration of NH4 +-N (maximum 74.2 ppm) and K (maximum 25 ppm). Key words: Leachate; Pollution; Solid waste; Landfill DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i2.9418 JBAS 2011; 35(2): 153-160
Sedimentation Of Individual Molecules Of Heavy Elements In Initial Protoplanets
Authors: Paul Gour Chandra , Datta Sushanta , Mohit Abdul Al
Published: January 2012

Segregation problem of individual molecules of heavy elements, has been reinvestigated determining the polytropic structure of a protoplanet. In this study the sedimentation time of different silicate grains having radii lying between 5 X 10-3cm and 1 cm was calculated. Settling times of the grains that came out through calculation could be found to be shorter than that of the time obtained by other authors. Key words: Segregation; Grain; Gravitational field; Protoplanet; Polytrope DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i2.9422 JBAS 2011; 35(2): 179-186
Antimicrobial Resistance: A Man Made Crisis
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: January 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i3.9431 JBCPS 2011; 29(3): 120-125
Need Assessment for an Adolescent Clinic in a Periurban Hospital
Authors: Tasnim S
Published: January 2012

Background: Adolescents are a heterogeneous group with special reproductive health needs based on their age, sex, marital status and socioeconomic status. Existing health care system is not capable to respond to adolescents’ demands. Objective: To explore the idea regarding specific centre for adolescents and to identify the components of information and health services rendered through the centre. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted with 70 participants in a half day workshop in the Institute of child and mother health (ICMH) on 9th August’ 2006. The respondents filled up a set questionnaire containing both open and closed questions focusing different issues regarding functioning of an adolescent clinic. The responses were analysed using SPSS program Result: Almost all respondents expressed the need for a separate clinic for adolescents, that should serve both boys and girls (84.3%), health providers at the centre should be doctors from both Paediatrics and Gynae & Obstetrics department (42.9%) and nurses (42.1%) and the working schedule should be similar to existing out patient hours. It was suggested that the clinic should provide counseling on sexuality issues, contraceptive services and special services as required in addition to general health care. About 75% opined that the cost of the services should be same as those of existing out patient services while 52.9% thought that the services should be free. Conclusion: The need for an adolescent clinic was commonly felt and it is recommended to establish adolescent friendly services at ICMH. Key words: Adolescent; Reproductive health; Adolescent friendly service DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i3.9433 JBCPS 2011; 29(3): 133-137
Wilsons Disease in a Young Girl with Abnormal Behavior
Authors: Amin R , Hasan R , Saha A , Hossain AR , Kahhar MA
Published: January 2012

Wilson’s disease is an inborn error of copper metabolism caused by a mutation to the copper-transporting gene ATP7B. Epidemiologic clustering of mutations to the ATP7B gene based on ethnicity has been observed. Diagnosis of the condition is made primarily on the basis of clinical findings, presence of the Kayser–Fleischer ring, and biochemical and radiological parameters. The young patient’s usual presentation is through liver involvement. Uncommonly the young group can present with neuropsychiatric manifestation. Behavior disorder like bizarre activity, personality change, affective or schizophrenic presentation may be the initial presentation of Wilson’s disease. Choreoathetoid movement although not common can also be presented in such patient. A young girl with abnormal behavior with atypical presentation was recently observed in one of the medicine unit of Dhaka Medical College. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i3.9440 JBCPS 2011; 29(3): 170-173
Implementation of National Drug Policy in Different Countries: An Appraisal and Experience from Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury FR , Bari MS , Khan MI
Published: January 2012

Key Words: National Drug Policy; World Health Organization; Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i3.9442 JBCPS 2011; 29(3): 177-179
Self-Harm and Suicide Attempts among High-Risk, Urban Youth in the U.S.: Shared and Unique Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Swahn Monica H. , Ali Bina , Bossarte Robert M. , Van Dulmen Manfred , Crosby Alex , Jones Angela C. , Schinka Katherine C.
Published: January 2012

The extent to which self-harm and suicidal behavior overlap in community samples of vulnerable youth is not well known. Secondary analyses were conducted of the “linkages study” (N = 4,131), a cross-sectional survey of students enrolled in grades 7, 9, 11/12 in a high-risk community in the U.S. in 2004. Analyses were conducted to determine the risk and protective factors (i.e., academic grades, binge drinking, illicit drug use, weapon carrying, child maltreatment, social support, depression, impulsivity, self-efficacy, parental support, and parental monitoring) associated with both self-harm and suicide attempt. Findings show that 7.5% of participants reported both self-harm and suicide attempt, 2.2% of participants reported suicide attempt only, and 12.4% of participants reported self-harm only. Shared risk factors for co-occurring self-harm and suicide attempt include depression, binge drinking, weapon carrying, child maltreatment, and impulsivity. There were also important differences by sex, grade level, and race/ethnicity that should be considered for future research. The findings show that there is significant overlap in the modifiable risk factors associated with self-harm and suicide attempt that can be targeted for future research and prevention strategies.
Assessment of Aspergillus fumigatus in Guinea Pig Bronchoalveolar Lavages and Pulmonary Tissue by Culture and Realtime Polymerase Chain Reaction Studies
Authors: Hooper Dennis G. , Bolton Vincent E. , Sutton John S. , Guilford Frederick T. , Straus David C. , Najvar Laura K. , Wiederhold Nathan P. , Kirkpatrick William R. , Patterson Thomas F.
Published: January 2012

In this study we pursued a diagnostic target in Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) by using qualitative Realtime PCR combined with proprietary DNA primers and a hydrolysis probe specific for this fungal target. Qualitative Realtime PCR is a diagnostic tool that utilizes Realtime PCR technology and detects the presence or absence target specific DNA within a predetermined detection range. Respiratory tissue and fluids from experimentally infected guinea pigs were tested by extracting DNA from the samples which were amplified and detected using AF specific DNA primers and probe. This study included qualitative evaluations of all specimens for the presence of the DNA of AF. The findings in the tissues after AF infection were compared to the numbers of spores in aerosolized samples used to inoculate the animals. Results demonstrated that the specific probe and primer set could detect the presence or absence of AF DNA in the sample. The qualitative detection limit of the assay ranged from 6 × 104 copies to 6 copies. Since blood cultures are rarely positive for Aspergillosis, our data indicate that qualitative Realtime PCR, in combination with the appropriate DNA primers and probe can serve as an effective diagnostic tool in the early detection of fungal infections.
Tasco®: A Product of Ascophyllum nodosum Enhances Immune Response of Caenorhabditis elegans Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection
Authors: Kandasamy Saveetha , Khan Wajahatullah , Evans Franklin , Critchley Alan T. , Prithiviraj Balakrishnan
Published: January 2012

The effects of Tasco®, a product made from the brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) were tested for the ability to protect Caenorhabditis elegans against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. A water extract of Tasco® (TWE) reduced P. aeruginosa inflicted mortality in the nematode. The TWE, at a concentration of 300 µg/mL, offered the maximum protection and induced the expression of innate immune response genes viz.; zk6.7 (Lypases), lys-1 (Lysozyme), spp-1 (Saponin like protein), f28d1.3 (Thaumatin like protein), t20g5.7 (Matridin SK domain protein), abf-1 (Antibacterial protein) and f38a1.5 (Lectin family protein). Further, TWE treatment also affected a number of virulence components of the P. aeuroginosa and reduced its secreted virulence factors such as lipase, proteases and toxic metabolites; hydrogen cyanide and pyocyanin. Decreased virulence factors were associated with a significant reduction in expression of regulatory genes involved in quorum sensing, lasI, lasR, rhlI and rhlR. In conclusion, the TWE-treatment protected the C. elegans against P. aeruginosa infection by a combination of effects on the innate immunity of the worms and direct effects on the bacterial quorum sensing and virulence factors.
Study of Alginate-Supported Ionic Liquid and Pd Catalysts
Authors: Jouannin Claire , Vincent Chloë , Dez Isabelle , Gaumont Annie-Claude , Vincent Thierry , Guibal Eric
Published: January 2012

New catalytic materials, based on palladium immobilized in ionic liquid supported on alginate, were elaborated. Alginate was associated with gelatin for the immobilization of ionic liquids (ILs) and the binding of palladium. These catalytic materials were designed in the form of highly porous monoliths (HPMs), in order to be used in a column reactor. The catalytic materials were tested for the hydrogenation of 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) in the presence of formic acid as hydrogen donor. The different parameters for the elaboration of the catalytic materials were studied and their impact analyzed in terms of microstructures, palladium sorption properties and catalytic performances. The characteristics of the biopolymer (proportion of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic acid (G) in the biopolymer defined by the M/G ratio), the concentration of the porogen agent, and the type of coagulating agent significantly influenced catalytic performances. The freezing temperature had a significant impact on structural properties, but hardly affected the catalytic rate. Cellulose fibers were incorporated as mechanical strengthener into the catalytic materials, and allowed to enhance mechanical properties and catalytic efficiency but required increasing the amount of hydrogen donor for catalysis.
Smart Sensor for Real-Time Quantification of Common Symptoms Present in Unhealthy Plants
Authors: Contreras-Medina Luis M. , Osornio-Rios Roque A. , Torres-Pacheco Irineo , Romero-Troncoso Rene de J. , Guevara-González Ramon G. , Millan-Almaraz Jesus R.
Published: January 2012

Plant responses to physiological function disorders are called symptoms and they are caused principally by pathogens and nutritional deficiencies. Plant symptoms are commonly used as indicators of the health and nutrition status of plants. Nowadays, the most popular method to quantify plant symptoms is based on visual estimations, consisting on evaluations that raters give based on their observation of plant symptoms; however, this method is inaccurate and imprecise because of its obvious subjectivity. Computational Vision has been employed in plant symptom quantification because of its accuracy and precision. Nevertheless, the systems developed so far lack in-situ, real-time and multi-symptom analysis. There exist methods to obtain information about the health and nutritional status of plants based on reflectance and chlorophyll fluorescence, but they use expensive equipment and are frequently destructive. Therefore, systems able of quantifying plant symptoms overcoming the aforementioned disadvantages that can serve as indicators of health and nutrition in plants are desirable. This paper reports an FPGA-based smart sensor able to perform non-destructive, real-time and in-situ analysis of leaf images to quantify multiple symptoms presented by diseased and malnourished plants; this system can serve as indicator of the health and nutrition in plants. The effectiveness of the proposed smart-sensor was successfully tested by analyzing diseased and malnourished plants.
ON THE ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY UNIT SALES OVER TIME / NEKILNOJAMOJO TURTO VIENETO PARDAVIMO KAINOS ANALIZĖ LAIKO ATŽVILGIU
Authors: Carmichael David G. , Balatbat Maria C. A.
Published: January 2012

Investors in multiple unit developments, such as apartments, townhouses, condominiums and connected dwellings, rely on a stream of sales in order to achieve a viable cash flow, a dominant issue. At the feasibility phase of a development, sales over time are estimated, and commonly this is done deterministically. However, with uncertainty in sales, such estimates may not be realised when the market is tested, and the investor's hoped-for cash flow may not be attained. Accordingly some acknowledgment of this uncertainty should be made in order to assess the associated risks. In this light, the paper presents an analysis of sales over time where uncertainty in sales is taken into account. The underlying model developed is based on Markov chains, specifically adapted to sales. Actual development data are used to illustrate the paper's approach and conclusions. The model provides useful core information on sales, both in quantum and timing, to the investor. The model provides a tool useful to practitioners, and one complementary to their existing sales analysis approaches. The paper provides an original contribution, and one of practical use, to established investor practices in the analysis of sales of multiple unit developments. Santrauka Investuojantys į tokio nekilnojamojo turto statybas, kaip daugiabučiai, blokuoti namai ir namų kompleksai, tikisi sklandaus pardavimo, nes turi susidaryti pakankami pinigų srautai, ir tai yra svarbiausias klausimas. Rengiant būsimų statybų galimybių studiją, vertinamas pardavimas bėgant laikui, ir tai paprastai daroma deterministiškai. Tačiau pardavimo apimtis nėra užtikrinta, tad, bandant rinką, nustatytos vertės gali likti nepasiektos, investuotojai gali negauti tokių pinigų srautų, kokių tikėjosi. Taigi, norint įvertinti susijusią riziką, reikia atsižvelgti į tokį netikrumą. Dėl to straipsnyje pateikiama pardavimo bėgant laikui analizė, kurioje atsižvelgiama į tai, kad pardavimo apimtis nėra užtikrinta. Pagrindinis sukurtas modelis grindžiamas Markovo grandinėmis, kurios specialiai pritaikomos pardavimui. Darbe pateikiamas požiūris ir išvados pristatomos naudojant realius statybų duomenis. Investuotojui modelis suteikia esminę naudingą informaciją apie pardavimą – tiek apie kiekį, tiek apie laiką. Modelis bus parankus praktikams ir papildys turimus pardavimo analizės būdus. Originalus ir praktinis darbo indėlis papildys įprastus metodus, kuriuos investuotojai taiko analizuodami būsto pardavimą.
CITIES IN CENTRAL-EASTERN EUROPE IN THE THEORY OF MULTICULTURALISM / VIDURIO-RYTŲ EUROPOS MIESTAI DAUGIAKULTŪRIŠKUMO TEORIJOJE
Authors: Sadowski Andrzej
Published: January 2012

The article presents the painting of cities of Central and Eastern Europe in perspective of theory of multiculturalism. Laid on Eastern civilization borderland cities are culturally heterogeneous. At present, “heterogeneous city” in perspective of theory of multiculturalism includes at least several transitional categories (subcategories), such as: culturally diverse city, pluralist city or multicultural city. The author believes, that using such concepts and many others ought to be related to the possibility to refer to a coherent theory which needs to be formulated – a theory of multiculturalism. Theory of multiculturalism is, in fact, a theory of a state and an advanced integration process in a society being culturally diverse. Multicultural city is the one which is prepared to welcome multicultural society willing to live and work there, in structural, organizational and intellectual terms. In conclusions author suggests that the communities and local authorities of the cities being the subject of the research ought to face the necessity to accept great challenges aimed at constructing multicultural environment in their cities.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje piešiamas Vidurio ir Rytų Europos miestų paveikslas daugiakultūriškumo teorijos perspektyvoje. Rytų civilizacijos paribio miestai yra kultūriškai heterogeniški. Nūdien ,,heterogeniškas miestas‘‘ daugiakultūriškumo teorijos perspektyvoje apima mažiausiai keletą skirtingų tarpinių kategorijų (subkategorijų), tokių kaip kultūriškai skirtingas miestas, pliuralistinis miestas ir daugiakultūris miestas. Autorius tiki, kad tokių ir daugelio kitų konceptų vartojimas turėtų būti susietas su galimybe nurodyti nuoseklią teoriją, kuri turi būti suformuluota – su daugiakultūriškumo teorija. Iš tikrųjų ši teorija yra valstybės ir pažangaus integracijos proceso kultūriškai skirtingoje visuomenėje teorija. Daugiakultūris miestas – tai toks miestas, kuris pasirengęs sveikinti daugiakultūrę visuomenę, tikintis ten gyventi ir dirbti struktūrine, organizacine ir intelektualine prasmėmis. Išvadose autorius teigia, kad miesto bendruomenės ir vietinės valdžios kaip tyrimo subjektas turėtų būti neatsiejamas nuo būtinybės priimti didžiulius iššūkius, siekiant konstruoti daugiakultūres aplinkas miestuose.
RELATION BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND PLANNED REGULATION IN THE PROCESS OF SHAPING URBAN SKYLINE / SANTYKIS TARP KŪRYBIŠKUMO IR PLANUOJAMO REGULIATYVUMO MIESTO PANORAMOS APIPAVIDALINIMO PROCESE
Authors: Lukić Ivana
Published: January 2012

The subject matter of this paper belongs to multidisciplinary field consisted primary of urbanism and a part of it – urban design, as well as architecture and other fields, like aesthetics, psychology and economy, which supplement certain standpoints. Urban skyline of cities or large parts of the cities, as urban macro-images, are considered in relation to the nature of their origin – self-generated or being effect of the plan, through phenomenon of visual experience and application of new technologies on facades. The question is which ratio of creativity and planned regulation is optimal in the process of creating visually concur- rent urban skylines. If planned solution of total macro-image is done well, the answer is: all regulations should be kept and creativity has no limits. In other cases, it is necessary to establish flexible scope of regulations, so that single elements of urban skyline could be realized in balance between limitations and desired result.

Santrauka

Šio straipsnio tema priklauso daugiadiscipliniam laukui, iš esmės sudarytam iš urbanizmo ir urbanistinio dizaino kaip jo dalies, o taip pat iš architektūros ir kitų sričių, tokių kaip estetika, psichologija ir ekonomika, papildančių pagrindinius šio tyrimo atskaitos taškus. Miestų ar didžiųjų jų dalių panorama kaip makro urbanistiniai vaizdai čia tiriami santykyje su jų kilme ir pobūdžiu – iškilę patys savaime ar kaip planavimo rezultatas, kaip vizualiosios patirties fenomenas ar naujų fasado technologijų taikymas. Keliamas klausimas, koks kūrybiškumo ir planuojamo reguliatyvumo santykis yra optimalus, kuriant vizualiąsias miesto panoramas? Jei visa apimančio makrovaizdo suplanuotas sprendimas yra teisingas, tai atsakymas peršasi būtent toks: gali būti taikomas bet koks reguliatyvumas, o kūrybiškumas yra beribis. Visais kitais atvejais būtina steigti lanksčius reguliatyvumus, kad paskiri miesto panoramos elementai galėtų būti realizuoti apribojimų ir siekiamo rezultato, nepažeidžiant šios pusiausvyros.
LIGHTING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A TOOL TO EXHIBIT HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURAL VALUES IN THE CONTEXT OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES (THE CASE OF UKMERGĖ) / KULTŪRINIO PAVELDO APŠVIETIMAS KAIP PRIEMONĖ ATSKLEISTI ISTORINES ARCHITEKTŪROS VERTYBES KŪRYBINIŲ INDUSTRIJŲ KONTEKSTE (UKMERGĖS ATVEJIS)
Authors: Valevičius Martynas , Levickaitė Rasa
Published: January 2012

The aim of the article is twofold: 1) to overview some ideas on creative industries and its major group – cultural heritage which is the soul of cultural and creative industries; in the context of creative economy an idea is proposed that a result of creative industries might enrich creative cultural project with additional value and generate valuable output; 2) to present a case study of Ukmergė city. The object of this article is to propose some ideas how an additional value is created which might enrich the urban project both in intangible and physical outcomes, e. g. the impact of urban lighting of public spaces. Many authors coming from a wide variety of perspectives have written about the very complex notion of public spaces, but authors of this article are focused on a role of artificial lighting which plays as a catalyst for increasing the awareness of the beauty and diversity of public spaces seen from the city: this stimulus encourages to rediscover and newly perceive the public spaces and the urban environment at night-time. Case study is based on Architectural-Urban Solution Creation and Development of Territory of Ukmergė Mound Project initiated by Ukmergė Municipality in 2010. Santrauka Straipsnio tikslas dvilypis: pirma, apžvelgiamos kūrybinės industrijos; dėmesys kreipiamas į kultūros paveldo kūrybinių industrijų grupę, kuri yra miestų ir vietovių patrauklumo pagrindas. Antra, pristatomas Ukmergės miesto atvejis. Teigiama, kad kūrybinės industrijos turi potencialą kurti pridėtinę vertę aptariamuoju atveju panaudojant kultūrinio paveldo apšvietimą kaip priemonę atskleisti miesto istorines architektūros vertybes. Šio straipsnio autoriai pagrindinį dėmesį kreipia į viešųjų erdvių apšvietimą, kurio, kaip savotiško katalizatoriaus vaidmuo viešųjų erdvių kūrime, dėka išryškėja viešųjų erdvių grožis, jų savitumas, įvairovė ir kitos kultūros vertybės, vieta tampa patrauklia miesto gyventojams ir svečiams. Ukmergės atvejo analizė yra grindžiama Ukmergės piliakalnio teritorijos architektūrinio-urbanistinio sprendimo sukūrimo ir įgyvendinimo paslaugų projektu, kurį 2010 metais iniciavo Ukmergės miesto savivaldybė.
Comment mettre en œuvre l'intrapreneuriat ?
Authors: Bouchard Véronique , Fayolle Alain
Published: January 2012

Résumé Le fait d’inciter les employés à adopter des attitudes et des comportements entrepreneuriaux apparaît à un nombre croissant d’acteurs économiques comme un remède adéquat à l’inertie, à la rigidité et au manque de créativité et d’innovation des entreprises. Mais comment, en pratique, peut-on encourager ces attitudes et ces comportements ? Notre article propose, après une revue des principaux leviers adoptés par 22 entreprises, une typologie des dispositifs intrapreneuriaux les plus fréquemment utilisés et implantés.
Les organismes à but non lucratif : comment mieux gérer les relations avec les donateurs ?
Authors: Cloutier Charlotte
Published: January 2012

Résumé Les organismes à but non lucratif (OBNL) contribuent de manière essentielle au bien-être de la société. Malgré ce constat, la santé financière d’un bon nombre de ces organismes est dans un état de précarité quasi permanent, dû à la volatilité des sources de financement et aux attentes de plus en plus grandes de leurs bailleurs de fonds. Pour répondre aux attentes des donateurs, les OBNL se voient souvent contraints à réviser ou à diluer leur mission. Une trop grande complaisance de la part de l’OBNL risque de compromettre sa mission, alors qu’une résistance trop forte de sa part peut l’amener à se retrouver sans le sou. Comment les OBNL peuvent-ils mieux naviguer dans cette mer houleuse des relations avec les donateurs? Se basant sur les résultats d’une étude des relations établies entre des OBNL et leurs donateurs, cet article présente des stratégies que des organismes utilisent pour gérer leurs relations avec les donateurs, qui vont de la complaisance à la résistance, en passant par l’accommodation. Finalement, nous résumons les stratégies ou pratiques clés que des OBNL gagnent à adopter pour préserver leur autonomie et optimiser les retombées de leurs relations avec les donateurs ou les bailleurs de fonds.
Impacto de la concentración parcelaria en el paisaje de un municipio del sur de Salamanca, en una zona de espacios naturales protegidos
Authors: García Rodríguez María del Pilar , García Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: January 2012

[es] El objetivo del trabajo es analizar el impacto que la concentración parcelaria ha provocado en el paisaje del municipio de Escurial de la Sierra situado en el sur de la provincia de Salamanca (España). Se encuadra dentro de la Reserva de la Biosfera de las Sierras de Francia y Béjar (UNESCO 2006) con valores florísticos, faunísticos y paisajísticos muy importantes. Para ver los efectos de la concentración se comparan imágenes de satélite anteriores y posteriores a ella. La creación de pistas con desbroce y aplanamiento de hasta 8 m de anchura ha provocado la desaparición de numerosas hectáreas de bosque maduro o en recuperación. El vallado al que se están sometiendo las nuevas parcelas provoca una fragmentación e insularización del territorio con el consiguiente impacto sobre los sistemas de dinámica metapoblacional de la rica fauna de vertebrados terrestres.

[fr] L’objectif de l’étude est d’analyser l’impact que la concentration parcellerait a provoqué dans le paysage de la municipalité d’Escurial de la Sierra situé dans le sud de la province de Salamanque (l’Espagne). Il est encadré à l’intérieur de la Réserve de la Biosphère des “Sierra de la France et de Béjar” (UNESCO 2006) avec valeurs floristiques, faunistiques et du paysage très importants. Pour voir les effets de la concentration on compare des images de satellite antérieures et postérieures à elle. La création de pistes avec débroussaille et un aplanissement de jusqu’à 8 m de largeur a provoqué la disparition de nombreux hectares de forêt mature ou dans une récupération. La clôture à laquelle les nouvelles parcelles se soumettent provoque une fragmentation et insularization du territoire avec l’impact résultant sur les systèmes de dynamique metapoblational de la faune riche de vertébrés terrestres.
Cerezo: desarrollo de un cultivo no tradicional en Argentina
Authors: Scarpati Olga , Maio Silvina , Puga Yamile
Published: January 2012

La incorporación de cultivos que no son tradicionales para la República Argentina se hizo notable a fines del siglo XX y principios del XXI por las innovaciones tecnológicas que permiten rindes muy significativos, la oportunidad que representa la exportación de algunos productos agropecuarios como es el caso de la cereza favorecidos por el tipo de cambio, y la contraestacionalidad de la producción, respecto de los mercados consumidores del hemisferio norte. Las principales zonas de cultivo de cerezo son tres: el Valle de Uco en la provincia de Mendoza, el Valle Los Antiguos en la provincia de Santa Cruz y el Valle inferior del río Chubut (VIRCH), en la provincia homónima; las cuales cumplen con los requisitos para lograr buenas producciones del cultivo. El principal destino de esta fruta es además del consumo interno, la exportación a EEUU y la Unión Europea (UE), representando un saldo comercial importante para las zonas productoras.
Indicadores por y para el desarrollo sostenible, un estudio de caso
Authors: Sotelo José A. , Tolón Alfredo , Lastra Xavier
Published: January 2012

Cada vez más necesitamos maneras de asegurar patrones de desarrollo que sean sustentables, es decir, que sean ambiental, social y económicamente apropiados para nosotros y para las generaciones venideras. Los indicadores de desarrollo sustentable son una herramienta que permitiría “aterrizar” al concepto de sustentabilidad, apoyando la manera en que se toman las decisiones. En España existen pocas experiencias sobre el tema. Este artículo presenta el trabajo realizado para desarrollar indicadores de desarrollo sustentable. Se centra en las lecciones que han surgido de la experiencia, discutiendo su integración a la teoría general del desarrollo económico a partir de la constatación de la centralidad que estos temas han adquirido en los enfoques contemporáneos del desarrollo territorial.
Cambios en los usos y coberturas del suelo en el municipio de Elx (1956-2005)
Authors: Valera Lozano Antonio , Añó Vidal Carlos , Sánchez Díaz Juan
Published: January 2012

[es] El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar la dinámica espacial y temporal de los usos y coberturas del suelo entre 1956 y 2005 en Elx (Alicante). Mediante la fotointerpretación de fotografías aéreas de distintas fechas (1956, 1985 y 2005) y análisis cartográfico con Sistemas de Información Geográfica, se han establecido los cambios a escala detallada (1:10.000). También se han aplicado dieciséis indicadores para evaluar el nivel de sostenibilidad ambiental. Durante el periodo de estudio, se han producido importantes modificaciones: a) expansión de las superficies construidas, principalmente sobre los suelos más fértiles y las zonas mejor comunicadas, b) intensificación de las prácticas agrícolas debido a la conversión de cultivos de secano en regadío, y c) disminución de los bosques y las áreas seminaturales.

[fr] Changements dans les usages et les couvertures du sol dans la municipalité d’Elx (1956-2005)

L’objectif principal de cet article est d’approfondir les dynamiques des usages et des couvertures du sol de 1956 à 2005 dans la municipalité d’Elx (est d’Espagne). Afin d’observer ces modifications à une échelle détaillée (1:10.000), la photo-interprétation de photographies aériennes datées de 1956, 1985 et 2005 et l’analyse cartographique avec les Systèmes d’Information Géographique ont été pris en compte. Seize indicateurs ont aussi été appliqués pour évaluer le niveau de durabilité environnementale. Les résultats montrent quelques changements importants survenus au cours de la période d’étude: a) la croissance des aires urbaines dans les sols les plus fertiles et les zones les mieux connectées, b) l’intensification des pratiques agricoles, notamment des aridocultures qui se sont transformés en cultures d’irrigation, et c) la diminution des zones boisées et seminaturelles.
Antonio López Ontiveros (1937-2011), un geógrafo humanista andaluz
Authors: Rosselló i Verger Vicenç M.
Published: January 2012

No disponible.
Supporting Knowledge Evaluation to Increase Quality in Electronic Knowledge Repositories
Authors: Aggestam Lena , Backlund Per , Persson Anne
Published: January 2012

Knowledge forms an important asset in modern organizations. In order to gain and sustain competitive advantage knowledge has to be managed. One aspect of this is to use Electronic Knowledge Repositories (EKR) to enhance knowledge sharing, reuse and learning. The success of an EKR is dependent on the quality of its content. For knowledge to be stored in an EKR, it has to be captured. One crucial part of the capture process is to evaluate whether the identified knowledge should be incorporated in the EKR or not. Therefore, to increase quality in an EKR, the evaluation stage of the capture process must be successfully carried out. Based on an interpretive field study and an extensive literature review, this paper identifies and characterizes Critical Success Factors (CSF) in the evaluation stage and presents guidance aiming to support implementation of the evaluation stage with the purpose to increase the quality of an EKR. In particular, the guidance supports the decision whether identified knowledge should be stored or not and it highlights the importance of performing evaluation addressing correctness, relevance, protection and redundancy. The characterization of the capture process contributes mainly to KM theory, and the guidance to KM practice.
The Outcome of Knowledge Process for Customers of Jordanian Companies on the Achievement of Customer Knowledge Retention
Authors: Talet Amine Nehari , Alhawari Samer , Alryalat Haroun
Published: January 2012

Organizations have increasingly recognized the importance of managing customer relationships, and Knowledge Management (KM) from the perspective of a process approaches assure positive impact on customer retention. Many organizations are turning to Customer Relationship Management (CRM) to better serve customers and facilitate closer relationships. This paper investigates how Knowledge Process for customers is used in practice by Jordanian companies to achieve Customer Knowledge Retention. The current practice is based on the data collected from 156, randomly drawn and reported from a survey of CRM applications and evaluation of CRM analytical functions provided by three software business solution companies working in the CRM area, and four companies that used the CRM system. Based on data collected from the companies, results from the analysis indicated that the knowledge process for customers had a positive effect on customer knowledge retention. The paper also verified the hypotheses of the effect of knowledge processes for customers on customer retention. The findings shed light on the potential relationship between the knowledge processes for customers and customer retention. It also provides guidance for the Information Technology (IT) industry as to how an analytical knowledge process for customers should be taken into account in developing countries to support to achieve customer knowledge retention due to cultural, social and educational differences
Sustaining Organizational Innovativeness
Authors: Kivijärvi Hannu , Piirainen Kalle , Tuominen Markku
Published: January 2012

This paper aims to provide a conceptual basis for creating semi-virtual communities that facilitate knowledge creation and sharing that seeks to promote organizational innovativeness. In addition, based on the theoretical discussion, the paper proposes a concrete context that supports and stimulates the conversion of personal knowledge into new innovations and organizational decisions. As a methodological means, scenario driven innovation process is employed as a way to enhance creativity and knowledge convergence within an organization. The authors discuss that in its deepest sense knowledge is the capability to make decisions. Scenarios aim to increase that capability, and are thus a piece of organizational knowledge. The practical implementations of the contexts and the experiences with these implementations are evaluated by two real case studies in real life contexts.
A Viewpoint-Based Approach for Understanding the Morphogenesis of Patterns
Authors: Kamthan Pankaj
Published: January 2012

An understanding of knowledge artifacts such as patterns is a necessary prerequisite for any subsequent action. In this article, as an initial step for formulating a theoretical basis for patterns, a conceptual model of primitive viewpoints is proposed and, by exploring one of the viewpoints, a conceptual model for stakeholders of a pattern is presented. This is followed by the description of a conceptual model of a process, namely P3, for the production of patterns. The workflows of P3 highlight, as appropriate, the interface of patterns to humans and/or machines. The implications of the Semantic Web and the Social Web towards P3 are briefly discussed.
Culture and Knowledge Transfer Capacity
Authors: Khalil Omar E. M. , Seleim Ahmed
Published: January 2012

Increasing interest exists in understanding the factors that explain knowledge transfer capacity (KTC) at the societal level. In this paper, the authors posit that national culture may explain the differences among countries in their knowledge transfer capacities. The authors adopt House and colleagues’ (2004) national culture taxonomy as the theoretical framework to derive and test eighteen hypotheses relating national culture values and practices to societal KTC. KTC correlates positively with gender egalitarianism values, uncertainty avoidance practices, and future orientation practices. KTC also correlates negatively with uncertainty avoidance values, future orientation values, institutional collectivism values, in-group collectivism values, humane orientation practices, in-group collectivism values and practices, and power distance practices. Further analysis using gross domestic product (GDP) as a control variable revealed that only humane orientation practices influence KTC. The research findings are discussed, research limitations are identified, and implications are drawn.
Taking Charities Seriously
Authors: Greenaway Kathleen E. , Vuong David C. H.
Published: January 2012

The voluntary service not-for-profit sector (VSNFP), also called the charitable sector, is a neglected setting for knowledge management research. It is also an area with distinctive characteristics that preclude direct importation of knowledge management approaches developed for the for-profit sector. In this paper, the authors adapt a model for examining knowledge management research issues to the charitable sector and examine what is known about knowledge management in this important sector of society. Research and practitioner suggestions are provided.
Research Methods for Urban Planning in the Digital Age
Authors: Silva Carlos Nunes
Published: January 2012

The chapter provides an overview of online research methods for urban and planning research. In examining different digital technologies and Web-based research methods, applied in different stages of the research process, in particular during data acquisition and data analysis, the chapter discusses critical differences and similarities between conventional paper-and-pencil research settings and online research environments. In this outline, the chapter addresses methodological procedures and ethical concerns in research conducted online with respondents or human participants, and ends looking to future directions for online research methods in the field of urban and planning studies.
Volunteer Panel Web Surveys in Urban Planning
Authors: Lee Sunghee
Published: January 2012

Web surveys have been adopted as a practical data collection tool notably due to their economic nature and a fast turn-around time. One popular type of Web survey bases the sample on a group of Internet users who voluntarily join survey panels. Often labeled as a “volunteer panel Web survey,” this approach is widely used in various social science studies, including urban planning. Unfortunately, its practice appears to have highlighted its benefits and downplayed its limitations. This chapter provides an overview of volunteer panel Web surveys, including their operational procedures and methodological advantages and disadvantages. Arguably, its main methodological disadvantage is lacking representativeness of the results arising from selection biases in the selected samples. A post-survey statistical adjustment based on propensity score analysis has been suggested as a potential solution. The author introduces detailed procedures of propensity score adjustment and discusses future research directions for improving the utility of the volunteer panel Web surveys.
The Story of Ethnochat
Authors: Zalinger Jason
Published: January 2012

Instant Messaging (IM) programs are powerful and unique tools for conducting semi-structured or unstructured online interviews. However, many unanswered questions exist surrounding the use of IM interviewing. This design chapter takes a storytelling approach to answer two specific research questions: (1) Do rich data collected via IM stand the test of time? (2) How can an IM program be built designed specifically for researchers? The chapter is organized into three parts. Part one reviews recent, related research. Part two takes a somewhat unusual approach to answer the research question regarding the long-term power of IM data by re-visiting the author’s experience from 2007 using IM to interview female participants about their feelings using online dating sites. Part three is a detailed description of a prototype IM program, Ethnochat. There are many IM clients in existence, but nothing has been made specifically for professional researchers for semi-structured or unstructured interviews. Having the best tool available will help urban planners conduct their research more efficiently and at a significantly reduced cost.
Unveiling Space by using Participatory Photo Interview
Authors: Kolb Bettina
Published: January 2012

Using visual material in a participatory interview process allows for broadening communication with users and developing a deeper understanding of residents’ perspectives. Photographs taken by respondents as part of a research and future planning process provide the opportunity to see local spaces from users’ perspectives, thus allowing them to contribute to urban planning in a meaningful way. This chapter introduces the method of participatory photo interview, its use in social science, and its potential for urban and planning studies. It reviews literature on the topic, discusses opportunities for applying the method to spatial questions, and reviews the method’s strengths and weaknesses, illustrated by an example taken from urban studies. In conclusion, the author considers the feasibility of using the method online and highlights possible pitfalls and advantages.
The Delphi Technique
Authors: Hsu Chia-Chien , Sandford Brian A.
Published: January 2012

The Delphi research and investigation technique utilizes experts in any given field to generate information in greater abundance and specificity than what is currently known or available. The conventional and more widely used Delphi process strives for consensus so that target issues can be more fully investigated based on the feedback of the people who are most knowledgeable and involved. Policy Delphi differs in that it does not seek consensus but rather is meant to generate the strongest possible opposing viewpoints on an issue so that policy makers can consider divergent and opposing perspectives. Multiple iterations or rounds of data collection are the most unique aspect of both processes which allows the quality and relevance of the information concerning the target issue to become more precise and well defined. “Real-time or e-Dephi” uses the modern era of computers, electronic devices, and web-based communication to achieve the critical and unique group communication process utilized in a Delphi investigation.
Online Opportunities for Mobile and Visual Research
Authors: Murray Lesley
Published: January 2012

The recent surge in interest in both mobile and visual methodologies reflects an increasing awareness of mobility and visualization in shaping our social worlds. The ‘mobilities turn’ in social science draws attention to the significance of a range of mobilities, from everyday to global. In tandem, visualization of virtual and lived spatial and social contexts is increasingly central to daily life and wider social processes. Both mobile and visual methods have evolved to reflect the epistemological changes that accompany these realizations, leading to a mobility of method as approaches draw from a range of disciplines. Online resources present particular opportunities for the expansion of these methods. For example, video methods can be adapted for online use in collecting visual data; this data can then be disseminated in video form through the Internet. However, this interrelationship between online, mobile, and visual methods has not been fully explored. This chapter explores the ways in which these methods can be combined to create knowledge in a unique way. It assesses the efficacy of these methodologies and methods by reviewing existing research and draws out key themes for analysis and further development.
Empirical Research Methods in Virtual Worlds
Authors: Ross Travis L. , Castronova Edward , Wagner Gert G.
Published: January 2012

This chapter summarizes current empirical methods in virtual world research. Since 2001, virtual worlds have become an important form of social media and a new forum for human interaction. Researchers have begun to study virtual worlds both for their inherent interest, as well as for insights about broader human behavior. This chapter addresses the quality of data obtained, as well as early experience with surveys, experiments, ethnography, and direct observation in virtual worlds. The conclusions are that virtual worlds are a valid location for empirical research and many methods from the “real” world are suitable for deployment. Virtual worlds also present challenges in terms of technology and the nature of society, and researchers must not overlook these challenges.
Mobile Phones as a Lens into Slum Dynamics
Authors: Wesolowski Amy , Eagle Nathan
Published: January 2012

The worldwide adoption of mobile phones is providing researchers with an unprecedented opportunity to utilize large-scale data to better understand human behavior. This chapter highlights the potential use of mobile phone data to better understand the dynamics driving slums in Kenya. Given slum dwellers informal and transient lifetimes (in terms of places of employment, living situations, etc.), comprehensive longitude behavioral data sets are rare. Working with communication and location data from Kenya’s leading mobile phone operator, the authors use mobile phone data as a window into the social, mobile, and economic dimensions of slum dwellers. The authors address questions about the functionality of slums in urban areas in terms of economic, social, and migratory dynamics. In particular, the authors discuss economic mobility in slums, the importance of social networks, and the connectivity between slums and other urban areas. With four years until the 2015 deadline to meet the Millennium Development Goals, including the goal to improve the lives of slum dwellers worldwide, there is a great need for tools to make development and urban planning decisions more beneficial and precise.
Ethical Considerations in Online Research Methods
Authors: Suri Harsh , Patel Fay
Published: January 2012

Online research methods are gaining popularity in several disciplines as they offer numerous opportunities that were not feasible before. However, online research methods also present many challenges and complexities that give rise to ethical dilemmas for online researchers and research participants. This chapter discusses key ethical considerations in the four stages of the research process: research design, online data collection methods, data analysis methods, and online communication of research outcomes. Issues of power, voice, identity, representation, and anonymity in online research are discussed. The relationship between information and power and its implications for equity in online research is also examined. Rather than providing prescriptive recommendations, the authors use questioning as a strategic device to foster critical awareness and ethically informed decision-making among online researchers.