bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review article on Role of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology
Authors: Jain Shraddha , Jain Sanket , Pillai Sujit , Singh Mandloi Rampal
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence is gradually changing the landscape of healthcare and biomedical research. Artificial Intelligence is a field of science that pursue the goal of creating intelligent application and machine that can be mimic human cognitive functions, such as learning and problem solving machine learning {NL} and deep learning {DL} are subsets of artificial intelligence{AI}. Life expectancy has been increasing worldwide due to significant improvements in healthcare, and medicine, as well as due to growing consciousness about personal and environmental hygiene. In this paper e discussed about Radiology, Specific trends, Autonomous robotic surgery, Technical challenges in AI developments, Role of AI in last decades, applications of AI and future aspect of AI.
Research on Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Subsituated Chalcone deriatives for Antimicrobial and Antifungal activity
Authors: Dilip Kothavale Snehal , Vinayak Borgaonkar Guruprasad , Mohite S.K. , Kane S.R. , Satpute Savita
Published: September 2023

The Pyrazole nucleus in general and its chemistry has found much more attention during the last few decades because of out-standing biological activities. It acts as Antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, kinase inhibitors, and as insecticides. It has good properties as antibacterial, antifungal, and an antiparasitics, as well, considering all those benefits and in continues of our work to synthesize new hetero starting from 1,3-diphenyl-4-carboxaaldehyde, we introduce here in several new pharmacophores, such as pyrimidine, pyramidinethoine and thiazole moieties onto the pyarazole nucleus to obtain compounds with enhanced potency.
A Review on Medicinal properties of Colocasia esculenta Linn
Authors: S. Lad Swapnil , U. Kolhe Swati , A. Devade Omkar , N. Patil Chetashri , D. Nalawade Rohit , R. Rode Manthan
Published: September 2023

Colocasia esculenta Linn. is one of the widely available plant all over the globe with history of use in Indian traditional system. Colocasia esculenta Linn. has attained popularity across the globe to replace synthetic medicines due to their less side effects and its natural plant origin. It is commonly known as taro belonging to family Araceae. It is used as a vegetable for many nutritional as well as medicinal purposes. The two important therapeutically active chemical constituents are present in taro leaf extract namely flavonoids and triterpenoids. The pharmacological studies of Colocasia esculenta Linn. estimated that the herb showed various pharmacological activities, including nervine tonic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipid peroxidative activity, hepatoprotective, antifungal, antidiabetic, anticancer and antimicrobial effects. This review is designed to give exhaustive account on taxonomy, geographical and nutritional information, various phytochemical constituents and pharmacologic activities of taro.
LONG-STEMMED HEMIARTHROPLASTY WITH CERCLAGE WIRING FOR THE TREATMENT OF PROXIMAL HUMERAL FRACTURE: A CASE REPORT OF THE MULTIMORBID PATIENT
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Pleven, Bulgaria., Simeonov Emil
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Complex multi-fragmentary fractures of the proximal humerus are a rare type of injury, which represent a major challenge, even to the most experienced shoulder surgeons. Hemiarthroplasty is commonly accepted as the first surgical choice of treatment for three or four-part fractures of the proximal humerus. Case Report: A 62-year-old female who has sustained complex multi-fragmentary trauma of the proximal humerus presented to the clinic after a low-energy trauma. The patient was managed with a long-stemmed shoulder hemiarthroplasty and cerclage wiring of the fracture area. A good clinical and radiological outcome was observed 5 months post-operatively. Conclusion: We report the functional, anatomical and radiological outcome of a case of a rare type of proximal humeral fracture that was managed with a long-stemmed hemiarthroplasty and cerclage wire and has shown a good early clinical outcome.
POETIC SYNTHESIS OF BABUR'S POETIC TRADITIONS IN ABDULLA ORIPOV'S POETRY
Authors:   Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine, Zaripov Azamat
Published: September 2023

In the poetry of the great poet Abdulla Oripov, theoretical conclusions were made about the features of the artistic synthesis of Babur's artistic discoveries. In particular, it is revealed that Zahirad-Din Babur's poetic traditions, which are reflected in such forms as the unique interpretation of the theme of the Motherland, the harmony of nature lyrics, and the image of Baburshah, occupy a certain place in the creative perfection ofAbdulla Oripov.
ABOUT THE TRANSLATION OF ISLAMIC LEGAL TERMS “BABURNAME” INTO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Andijan State Institute, Altmisheva Yorqinoy
Published: September 2023

Translations with Islamic legal terms, like no other, reflect the dynamics of the spiritual development of humanity, which leads, in particular, to the achievement of justice in the expression of human relations. Speaking about the difficulty of translating such vocabulary, we should point out, first of all, its heterogeneity: there are texts of different genres - these are historical and encyclopedic references, memoirs, travel notes of pilgrims, instructions and much more.
CREATING AN ELECTRONIC PLATFORM OF “BABURNAMA” IS THE DEMAND OF THE TIMES
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Muhammadiyeva Dilafruz
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the principles of creating a perfect Boburnoma corpus. Gathering the achievements in Babur studies, defining the problems, showing its place in the development of world culture, the growing interest in Babur's personality, activities, and creativity on a global scale, and the emergence of new researches in Babur studies require the creation of this corpus.Creating an electronic database on Babur's life and activities, processing texts on the basis of artificial intelligence; Creating a corpus of parallel texts related to the translations of “Baburnama”, conducting a search based on various symbols, explaining the social-political, cultural-educational features of the “Baburnama” text; It was analyzed that the next generation needs to study translations and researches related to Bobur studies in Uzbek, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Russian, English, German, and French languages, which is the basis for creating the “Baburnama”corpus.
THE SOURCE OF ENLIGHTENMENT IN THE EDUCATIONAL NOVEL "BABURNAMA" BY KHAIRUDDIN SULTAN
Authors:   National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Eshboyev To'lqin
Published: September 2023

The article deeply analyzes to what extent Zahirad-Din Muhammad Babur's enlightenment is highlighted in theeducational novel "Baburinama" by writer Nairiddin Sultan.
"A SENTENCE OF BABUR" INTERPRETED BY ENGLISH TRANSLATORS
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Abdazova Gulsanam
Published: September 2023

Babur's lexicon and his skillful choice of words are not surprising. Zuhriddin Isomiddinov, a literary scholar, in his article "Babur's One Sentence" quotes the following thoughts about the work "Babur Noma": "Babur Noma" is like a dish whose smell is strong even when it is dry, this work emits a sign of freshness every time it is caught. That's why I read it a lot. It is not surprising that the language is somewhat complicated. But every time I read it, I enjoy finding new meanings that I didn't understand before." This definition given to "Boburnoma" is truly unique, because the work has not lost its charm even though many years have passed. Haligasha is repeatedly studied by scientists, lovers of literature, art, and young scientists.
"BOBURNAMA" AS AN OBJECT OF RESEARCH
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Abdullayeva Marg'uba
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the history of the study of "Baburnama". The analysis of the translations of "Baburnama" was carried out. The essence and achievements of studies devoted to the historical, artistic and linguistic study of the encyclopedic work are recognized. Dissertation research was studied and important theoretical conclusions were made. Proposals for a large-scale scientific study and popularization of "Baburnama" are presented.
INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR STUDYING THE CREATIVITY OF ZAKHIRIDDIN MUHAMMAD BABUR IN COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS OF KAZAKHSTAN WITH THE UZBEK LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION
Authors:   University named after Jumabek Tashenev, Naraliyeva Shaxlo
Published: September 2023

In this article, the artistic-aesthetic features, spiritual-educational significance of studying the life and work of the famous statesman and thinker poet Zahirad-Din Muhammad Babur on the basis of innovative pedagogical technologies in general education schools in Kazakhstan where education is conducted in the Uzbek language is researched.
COMMON PATRIOTIC IDEAS IN THE CREATIONS OF BABUR AND JADID
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Soatova Gulzoda
Published: September 2023

Our nation has always been proud of its high history and great ancestors. No matter where you go in the world, you will encounter the heritage of our ancestors. Especially in the XV-XVI centuries, the socio-political environment created by Babur in Central Asia and India left a special mark on world civilization. Science, culture, art, and literature flourished in the great kingdom founded by Babur. Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur achieved a great position in sealing the reality of Uzbek classic literature, geography, and history in Timuriza.
THE PROBLEM OF FILLING UP BLANKS (GAPS, LACUNA) IN BABUR’S“BABURNAMA” (MEMOIRS)
Authors:   Alisher Navoi' Tashkent State university of Uzbek language and literature, Otajonov Ne’matilla
Published: September 2023

This article carries on notes on the Turkish of the Baburnama, and all the translations agrees that Babur wrote the Memoirs late in life, and left the book incomplete, as wenow possess them. Analysis show that the Turkish and Persian versions are both alike defective and so the inference in unavoidable that the work was never completed.
Émergence d’un nouveau paradigme La systémique appliquée à la traduction des concepts évolutifs
Authors: Hadj-Aissa Zohra , Ahmed-Ali Sabrina
Published: September 2023

Emergence of a new paradigm Systems applied to translation scalable concepts

This paper discusses the notional and conceptual translation and the issues it raises. For this purpose, examples will be provided concerning two types of translation: sustainable development, which illustrates an inter-linguistic translation and virtue, which is intra-linguistic. The new paradigm that is proposed in this article is that of the sciences of complexity and, in particular, an application of the need for a synergy of forms of knowledge. A reflection on both the syntagmatic and paradigmatic use of a word and its evolution will refine research and will clarify the usage of a term in a language for specific purposes.Some concluding remarks have been drawn from this research. While the classical analytical rationalist approach obviously tended towards reductionism based on causality and linear reasoning which gives rise to exhaustiveness, the systemic approach sets out on the path of relevance, interaction, and globalism, particularly in relation to the environment of the system.

The systemic approach is teleological “in search of the behavior of the conceptual system”. The latter is an approach that responds to aggregation or “modeling for simplifying representation”. It consequently adheres to the concept of interaction between the components and the concepts, of which the feedback "the feedback" which is a form of it.The complexity - far from being a complication - can be inherent in the very composition of the system essentially based on reticular relations also depending on the uncertainty of the environment of the system in question.The concept is a complex entity, even hypercomplex, whether it is intrinsically superordinate, subordinate or coordinated, the latter cannot be approached in a reductionist way. He must resort to systemics, the approach of which consequently lends itself to a conceptual exercise in the reconstruction of knowledge and consequently of the concept: A reconstruction which aims to be faithful, adequate and almost absolute, eliminating the risk of falling into the anarchy of designations and incomprehension due to the fact that complex thought is “animated by a permanent tension between the aspiration for a non-parcel, non-partitioned knowledge and the incompleteness of all knowledge”. The elasticity of the concept inevitably appearing insofar as it is transversal and moves from one discipline to another and from one theory to another.
Language Management and Marketing
Authors: Boukreris Louafia
Published: September 2023

This article deals with language issues from both a management and a marketing perspective. If management focuses on human resource management and linguistic auditing, marketing puts stress on the strategic efforts to attract and persuade bottom-top agents to be concerned about bringing language policy implementation to satisfaction. This can only happen if top-bottom authorities invest in their human resources, that is, language users of language, to overcome their deficiency needs and engage in growth needs, as defined by Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs (1943). Human resource management and linguistic auditing activities stem from the fact that language status is threatened by an uncertainty problem, which is a function of social, economic, and political and international variables that influence the scaling of languages, while marketing arises from the need to sustain the language promotion activities. First, the term management is introduced to move then to language management and what domains of practice need to be given priority in terms of management activities, and finally marketing as a term and a concept used for language policy purposes.
Les TIC catalyseurs de littératies
Authors: Belazreg Nassima
Published: September 2023

ICT as catalysts for literacies

Just open the book and put the head of the pen on each word you don’t know how to pronounce it. So, it helps a lot for any who want to learn a new language.Now, technology is the best mean of people to be just as the evolution in the world. It helps people to have the capacity of reading and understand and to use information in everyday life. Information is transmitted through phone mobile, Internet, TV, where the user is free to choose the language which he masters.ICTs have invaded the lives of all Algerians in all areas. This phenomenon has become so important that it has become impossible not to take it into account in the study of human activity. Communication situations have continued to diversify and evolve. But the new element in this communication is translation, which has become an integral part of the global information society. It is a translation that has made it possible to iron out difficulties between speakers belonging to distant cultures and to facilitate access to information and knowledge in different languages. Also, the translation of WEB sites has contributed to a better understanding of world cultures. Also, internet has given people to develop literacy. But, in our research, we interrogate the way literacy affects the web and the way translation serves professional ends.Finding its fundamental purpose in commercial strategies, translation at the level of websites perfected it may be at the level of its development. It has become a means of contributing to the achievement of objectives superior to those which it was pursuing itself. At the communication level, it fulfills a specific function at the economic level and it has also a preponderant function at the level of the reconstruction of the social architecture.
Teaching Translation
Authors: Sebbane Zoubida
Published: September 2023

This article gives particular attention to an aperture into teaching translation as a part of my experience in both CPE and UFC. What it includes is; the reasons for using translation in the classroom, what to take into consideration when selecting the materials needed for translation, how teaching translation should be organized as well as the principles of translation. And end it by looking at how correction should be handled as well as my view on reformulating “teaching translation” to “using translation”.
لمحة عن البدايات الأولى للدبلجة
Authors: قرقابو سعاد
Published: September 2023

A Glimpse of the Early Beginnings of Dubbing

The seventh art has made it possible to put life into a picture and to make it look vibrant. The silent movies started, and soon sound was introduced to generate films with synchronized dialogues. On the other hand, the challenge was the language barrier because it was no longer possible to comprehend the movie with all its various dimensions fully. As people demanded films in their language, translation was mandatory. This article gives a glimpse of the appearance of the dubbing and its first beginnings in the world, and its historical path, as is the pattern of every mechanism or technique, be it social, artistic, cultural, scientific, economic... It has a historical trajectory that captures its first steps and constrains the motives behind its emergence. Finally, we concluded that dubbing appeared to solve the language problem. In other words, it was the most effective way to overcome the language barriers that emerged with the non-silent movies. We considered then that the dubbing mechanism emerged as a solution to the language problem, and it constituted the effective means to overcome the linguistic obstacles that appeared by inserting the sound into the image. With the emergence of the talking film, it was possible to enable societies with different tongues to understand films and enjoy watching them. As soon as the viewer faced difficulty to fully understanding the film, with the coupling of the sound and the image things changed.It became difficult for viewers to understand the presented material because images were not understood by everyone in accordance to differences in terms of languages and cultures. A century after the emergence of the dubbing mechanism, it was le to spread all over the world, and it achieved great success.
La traduction n'existe pas, l'intraduisible non plus : Le cas des noms propres en Arabe
Authors: Benaissa Tarek
Published: September 2023

Translation does not exist; neither does the untranslatability: The case of proper names in Arabic

During this article, I shall make concern my reflection the problem of the translation of the proper noun which settles relentlessly. Often, the discount of a translation is lying about because of some proper nouns which remain to be translated. The problem arises every time differently, drawing our attention at first on the variety of the categories which we can classify under this appointment, then on the variety of the requirements which requires their translation, we shall expose the diverse aspects of this problem from the study of four dimensions: semantic, sociolinguistic, graphic and phonetic.
Frauenbilder in der Liebeslyrik Bertolt Brechts und Nizar Qabbanis
Authors: Mokadem Fatima
Published: September 2023

Images of women in the love poetry of Bertolt Brecht and Nizar Qabbani

The aim of this article is to scientifically and precisely examine the image of women in the language of B. Brecht and N. Qabbani's love poetry, which would allow to identify their similarities and differences. Ultimately, an attempt is made here to identify the cultural parallels between B. Brecht's and N. Qabbani's love poetry, which depicts women. In order to ensure this accuracy in the context of the present contribution and at the same time to present the diversity of the imagination of the female, it is necessary to examine individual images and motives to begin. This contribution aims to analyze the pictorial vocabulary used by Qabbani and Brecht to represent the feminine. At the same time, it is clarified how both poets proceed in the design of feminine patterns using the example of mother, lover and wife, i.e. how they "condense" the found female reality.
Translating and Interpreting The mother tongue as the target language
Authors: Dendane Zoubir
Published: September 2023

The present article intends first to point up the difference between a translator’s task and that of an interpreter though both are required to master the target language to a large extent. Interpreters, however are faced with an easier task for many reasons when they translate into their mother tongue, in particular, because interpreting generally involves general questions and topics which are rendered in a rather spontaneous manner. Translators, in contrast, are supposed to master specialized fields such as business, sciences, law cases, literature and so on, even though the target language is usually theirs. The second part of the paper attempts to deal with the difficulties of translation and interpreting in relation to the diglossic issues that Arabic as the target language raises.
L’équivalence fonctionnelle dans la traduction Le poète du Malhoun dans l’oeuvre de ‘Marguerite’
Authors: Bencherif Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Functional equivalence in translation The poet of Malhoun in the work of 'Marguerite'

This work studies a literary work that objectively and meticulously depicts historical data from the last quarter of the 19th century and that relates to the significant events of the French colonization of Algeria. The choice of the literature is due to a lack of testimony. The Algerian writers, who carved the literary productions, evolved, in their works, around their misery and torments. They had not completely restored the historical context of the period studied. Neither did the colonial writers devote their pen to the stories of the country in which they lived. They were colonial thinkers, almost ethnic cleansers, insofar as they advocated theories to oppress the natives. This work aims to situate and investigate the colonial phenomenon by demonstrating how it progressed through discrimination in the fiscal, agricultural and social policy against Algerians.
الترجمة والاستشراق في الجزائ ر تحت الاحتلال الفرنسي
Authors: عليوي فاطمة , خليفي دليلة
Published: September 2023

During the French campaign against Algeria, Orientalism was oriented to support its colonial ambitions. Among the French soldiers who arrived in our country were a number of translators, writers and thinkers who cared about eastern society and the nature of their lives and their thinking. Orientalists aimed to explore Algerians' lives and their religious, linguistic, cultural and historical situations by translating religious texts and studying the Arabic language in its various dialects, as well as addressing Algeria's history and popular heritage...So was French orientalism in Algeria to serve the intellectual and civilizational project claimed by France or was it the facade that concealed its colonial ambitions and missionary endeavours? It is the question what we will consider in this paper by defining the concept of orientalism and addressing its beginnings first and then focusing on the French orientalism in Algeria and its relationship with translation with a particular interest given to the most important personalities in the field and their efforts to support French conquest of Algeria. We concluded through this study that Orientalism imposed itself in Algeria through the French colonial campaign and included several areas in Algerian society in order to study its thinking pattern and the nature of its living. The efforts of the Orientalists focused on studying Arabic and Berber in its various dialects, in addition to researching Algerian history, folklore and Islamic religion with diverse means, including translation, which was a vital tool for communicating with members of society and a powerful tool to activate the fields of literature, history, religion and jurisprudence. So, oriental studies, with all their inclinations and tendencies, analyzed society and revealed its ways of thinking and dealing with various social, political and religious issues under the pretext of spreading the values of civilization and culture. However, the main goal is to support the French presence in Algeria. Indeed, Orientalism was to support the colonial goals, but it left a huge amount of work in various fields, and translation was an aid in transmitting religious and historical texts and studying its linguistic and folklore heritage.
ترجمة الحجاج في القرآن الكريم دراسة تداولية لترجمة "محمد حميد الله" لمعاني سورة الأنعام إلى اللغة الفرنسية
Authors: مريبعي سهيلة
Published: September 2023

The Translation of argumentation in the Holy Quran: A pragmatic study of the translation of Muhammad Hamidullah to the meanings of the Surah Al-An'am into French

The Holy Qur’an is one of the heavenly books that have occupied thinkers and theorists since the dawn of human civilization, especially since the Qur’an is a rich material for studying inimitability, grammar, meanings, Al-Badi’ and rhetoric. Since translation is concerned with the study of texts and their transfer into different languages, and after the development and ramifications of the science of translation in its specializations, the topic of translating the meanings of the Noble Qur’an was one of the studies that drew ink from many translators and researchers.This scientific paper examines the translation of argumentation and persuasion in the Surah Al-An'am because of its unique eloquence. The aim of this study is to address the extent to which the translator was able to convey these arguments to the reader in the French culture. That is why we will see how the translator was able to influence the views and behavior of the French interlocutors, and did he succeed in winning the hearts and directing the minds of the readers; We also address the extent to which translation approaches the meanings contained in the arguments of the Qur’an, and whether the translator was able to convey them faithfully in order to achieve persuasion.Hamidullah’s translation of the Qur’an is considered to be one of the most important French translations and the closest to the meanings of “The Quran” and fulfilled its purposes and goals. Hamidullah sometimes relied on the interpretive translation to be able to reach the required argumentation, and at other times he adheres to a close literal translation.Hamidallah's translation was faithful, but it lacked the original French refinements, especially as we know that he relied in his translation on the old original copies in Qur’anic studies, going back to their manuscripts and deciphering them.However, despite its accuracy, this translation lacks further explanations and commentary that a text as rugged as the Qur'an would require. It is not possible for the French reader to enter into the symbolic worlds of the Quran, and its stylistic variability as well as its cultural codes, only through the grace of elucidation and expansion. Hamidullah confined himself to the apparent meanings, and he may have neglected some of the signs and allusions involved in the verses, even though “the Qur’an is a carrier of faces.”
Écriture de l’amalgame générique dans le Roman de Malika Mokeddem
Authors: Belkacem Dalila
Published: September 2023

The generic amalgam Writing in the Novel of Malika Mokeddem

The present article adresses and discusses the metissage of writing in selected novels by the Algerian writer Malika Mokeddem. The analysis demonstrates that Mokeddem’s novels break genre rules; in fact, the borders between genres are permeable and entirely shattered. They oscillate between the true, the plausible and the implausible, thus creating a hybrid form. Mokeddem’s writing imitates the movement of her heroines in their quest(s) for identity and reflect her literary project which cosists of writing the story of her life in several novels.Malika Mokeddem has chosen to display the novel genre on texts, especially for those chosen for this article have imposed themselves by their rapprochement in the narrative frame. Any reader, whether informed or not, feels this impression of 'continuity' and 'sequence' when he enters the literary universe of the writer. And what, at first, is an impression is confirmed over the course of reading. The writer is responsible for highlighting the common thread by sprinkling her stories with clues. Her texts are, therefore, crossed by this crossbreeding of writing which stems from that of his flesh. "Mixing», and "diversity" are the criteria that run through her entire work and permeate it, they are also the elements that "translate" it best. Thus, the texts, the languages, the cultures as multiple as they are, rub shoulders so closely that they end up interpenetrating and forming only a multiple “one” or a united “whole”. In their plurality, Mokeddem texts call for uniqueness. A reconstruction of the “meta-text” of Malika Mokeddem has imposed itself since her text is offered to be read in fragments. Thus, and beyond the multitude of characters, it is a single "I", that of the author, who is told.This crossbreeding of writing, these mixings of the flesh and these genrological mixings announce, therefore, the presence of the 'bursting' at different levels in Malika Mokeddem's novel. Her writing follows the movement of her characters in their quest(s) for identity, elsewhere. All the ambiguity and particularity are reflected in her texts and in the character of her writing. Indeed, the author/her work is both united and fragmented. Her writings agree to form a text: the one that partly relates his life and on the other hand, they "Disagree". They unite in bursting and burst in uniqueness which “totally” reflects the literary project of Malika Mokeddem who writes the story of her life in several novels.
Le recours à la stratégie d’interlocution comme prétexte à la subversion du romanesque traditionnel dans Jacques le Fataliste et son maître : Approche narratologique
Authors: Malki Benaid
Published: September 2023

The strategy of interlocution as a pretext for the subversion of traditional romance in Jacques le Fataliste et son maître: Narratological approach

Jacques le Fataliste et son maître, a modern novel intended for posthumous publication (1797) continues to attract exegetes because it fascinates with the labyrinthine design of its structure and the audacity of the themes evoked therein, in particular that of the novel conceived in a substantially meta-romantic subversive perspective: exhibition of the arbitrariness of the narrative, primacy given to the latter to the detriment of the story, amalgamation of temporal levels, integration of reception in creation, interferences between reality and fiction... Suddenly the writing is deceptive in what it tells. But in the aftermath the enunciation becomes enjoyable in the way of telling, thereby displacing the interest of a reading governed by a pact of belief, towards that governed by a contract of connivance where the role of the receiving body is undeniably structuring.The deployment of the interlocution and the discontinuity in the textual space shakes the foundations of the traditional novel which collapses as a result under the effect of formal games contributing to the outrageous complication of the story and its very clear inflection of a realism. of complacency towards a distanced realism of connivance.Thus by means of the discontinuity, immediate consequence of the interlocution, the text buds, with incises, expansions, digressions, interpolations..., in the sense that the exaggerated intrusions seriously damage the credibility of the story, less supported by a causal logic that the unbridled intervention of the author correlates with the unexpected intrusions of the reader. Also the story exhibits its arbitrariness, overhanging history, reduced to a simple pretext for meta-romantic discourse. Standing out from already established tastes, Jacques le Fataliste is a novel that deliberately contributes to shifting the criteria of appreciation of a readership put on the alert. As a result, the writing is deceptive in what it tells. The disconcerting opening, as we have seen, which nips in the bud the expectations of iconicity in a credulous reader, conditioned by soothing horizons of expectation, is proof of this. But in the aftermath the enunciation becomes enjoyable in the way of telling, thus shifting the interest of a reading governed by a pact of belief, towards a reading governed by complicity. It follows that the systematic inclusion of the Diderotian narrative-discourse in a perspective of interlocution has the function of opening a large breach in the traditional novel by staging the adventure of a writing that calls itself into question. as she searches for herself.
Non-verbal Communication An Essential Cultural Dimension
Authors: Bouhadiba Zoulikha
Published: September 2023

Communication embodies verbal and non-verbal signs. Among the various non-verbal signs, body language is very important and helps to understand the message transmitted. It varies from a culture to another and is generally indicative of the culture one belongs to. It includes gestures, facial expressions, touch, glance, body motion, eye contact, proximity and so on.Non-verbal communication (which is perhaps the most important component of communication) responds to cultural rules. Ignoring or violating these rules may lead to confusing, misleading or embarrassing situations that may break the whole process of communication (which is the most important component of communication). What is perceived as normal in one culture can be perceived as illogical, rude or shocking in another. The fact that all cultures have internal variations, and that they continuously evolve, adds up to the difficulty of understanding cultures.
Le paratexte comme élément révélateur
Authors: Hammouche-Bey Omar Rachida
Published: September 2023

The paratext as a revealing element

The paratext and paratextual elements are still under study although some authors such as Genette, Mitterand have rigorously demonstrated their importance in the text of stories, novels, short stories, etc. It is only in recent years that the surroundings of the text have been analyzed and that we discover with these elements the richness and the pleasure of the text, as Roland Barthes likes to say. The title and subtitle, the cover, the epigraph, the dedication, the preface and finally the titles of the chapters play the role of clutch and triggering of a possible reading.The paratext has been almost unrecognized if not ignored, whereas today it occupies a dominating place. It is a call that every author makes to his reader. In recent years, this expanded textual space has been the subject of numerous investigations that have resulted in fruitful debates. Title, subtitles, preface, notes, epigraph, dedications, and many other more or less visible surrounds are echoes of the text that any author explicitly or implicitly makes available to the reader who must know how to decode before any reading and who will make it easier for him to choose the book. These paratextual elements are the signature of the author that any informed or uninformed reader must know how to decipher for the understanding and analysis of a text.
Der Satzbegriff im Deutschen und Arabischen
Authors: Lachachi Djamel Eddine
Published: September 2023

The concept of sentence in Deutsch and Arabic

This article examines the various aspects of sentence definition in German and then in Arabic. This is to be an examination of the status of the sentence in either language, namely Arabic and the German Language. These differences are structural in nature by having pragmatic implications. Indeed, there exists no general theory of the sentence. Scholars distinguished nominal sentences and verbal sentences, but they did not explain each notion by the other, but rather by using the two terms: subject and predicate. The proper notion of the subject is unknown to scholars in languages different from Arabic, namely Greek and Indo-European languages. It has no name in the nomenclature and it is still the same today in Arabic grammar.
Configuration spatiale et violence Dans Des rêves et des assassins de Malika Mokeddem
Authors: Moussedek Leila
Published: September 2023

Spatial configuration and violence in Dreams and Assassins of Malika Mokeddem

This work is a reflection on the poetics of space in the novel Des rêves et des assassins by Malika Mokeddem. It is a question of questioning the spatial configuration; its semantics, its symbolism and its functionality in order to underline the specificities and particularities of his writing linked to the theme of violence in Algeria in the 90s.Several notions are approached in this analysis: the imaginary of space, the paradoxical city, spaces and affects and the inside and the outside. Through this study, we arrived to many concluding remarks. It was realized that the spatial issue takes on a political and ideological dimension in this novel, denouncing both the violence of the 1990s with its many forms and the Algerian feminine condition because women remained the target of Islamists during the dark decade.Through the city of Oran, the author represents the Algerian space of the 90s, defined by its cruelty, its terror and by its multiple internal and external faces that are often negative and derogatory for the characters; thus spatiality is no longer a simple decor that adopts a mimetic role but it contributes to the writing and dramatization of the story and “becomes an agent of fiction”.The configuration of space in Des rêves et des assassins is intended to be subjective since it is linked above all to the suffering, the pain, and the affliction of the characters who never arrive, despite all the trials and attempts, to resist daily external and internal violence.
Some Principles on the Practice of the Receptive and Productive Skills in Teaching Translation
Authors: Yekhlef Zoulikha
Published: September 2023

This current paper deals with some principles on the practice of the receptive and the productive skills in teaching translation. The integration of the four skills is based on two basic elements. The first is based on the language whereas the second covers the major points in the application of the skills. Thus, our interest in this paper takes, s into account the focus on the language. We try to outline the basic linguistic aspects such as grammar, function, vocabulary and pronunciation. Moreover, we focus on the integration of the receptive and the productive skills during translation process. So, to what extent can a successful methodology be fruitful and helpful in facilitating the task in the application of the four skills adequately?
الحوار في شعر عمر بن ربيعة
Authors: سكران عبد القادر
Published: September 2023

Dialogue in the Poetry of Omar Bin Rabia

Whatever the poet is imitating others, he has a peculiarity that makes him unique during his imaginary imitations that he wears by his experiences selected from his reality, and as a culmination of this individual peculiarity of ancient Arabic poetry in its cognitive parts, we look at the element of “dialogue” in the poetry that Omar bin Abi Rabia employed and used as a means In most of his poems, he intended to reach his goal in the closest way, and by resorting to double linguistics in poetry, achieving at least two functions: the first is to draw close to the common people, and secondly, the poet took the admiration of the linguists who admitted to him the correctness of his language, so they protested his verses against some grammatical rules, and if this is the case with The ancient historians of Arabic literature in the modern era made him one of the great poets.With such a dialogue, the poet makes us in a position to follow the events, and wait for the director’s result after the critical dangers represented in the fear of the girl’s family, if his case is exposed, and victory over everyone when he emerges safely from the predicament, and it is not excluded that what he wanted will be achieved in the end, as it is natural To follow in his performance of juveniles the path of both physical and psychological integrity, but in many cases he departs from this easy path, to the weight of the strange word, especially when he resorts to natural or bodily descriptions,By resorting to double linguistics in poetry, the poet has achieved at least two functions: the first of which is to draw close to the common people, so they praise him, and draw close to him by narrating his poetry. Rather, singers sang about it, such as Ibn Aisha, Ibn Sirij, and others. They protested with a few verses against some grammatical rules, and if this was the case with the ancients, then historians of Arabic literature in the modern era made him one of the heads of the great poets. Complete parts, and Abbas Mahmoud Al-Aqar, Omar bin Abi Rabia, the poet of spinning, and the author of the book (And Is the Moon Hidden)? and others.
التراكيب الجائزة في النحو الواجبة في البلاغة
Authors: منصوري ميلود
Published: September 2023

Non-requisite Structures in Grammar compulsory in Rhetorics

Syntax in grammar requires joining the word to the word to form the sentence or speech that improves silence. In this research paper, the researcher conducts a comparative study between the intended purposes of the sciences of grammar and rhetoric, to conclude in the end that every combination that is permissible in grammar is a duty in rhetoric, because rhetoric chooses an article for each station.Rhetoric is related to eloquence, and eloquence means eloquence and manifestation, and appearance does not accept anything that contains ambiguity or ambiguity. From the eloquence in the noble verse, the neighbor and the neighbor (them) are attached to an omitted word, not to the mentioned word (sahih), and the waw is omitted before {they are the enemy}. Even if a caller in the army called out, or a beast broke loose, or a lost man sang: they thought it was a trap for them. And the definition of “the enemy” indicates that they are complete in enmity. If this name came as an unfamiliar one, it would denote one race of the enemy and not the whole race.Thus, we find that every combination that is permissible in grammar is obligatory in rhetoric, because rhetoric chooses an article for each station.
القرآن والتصوّف
Authors: منصوري خيرة
Published: September 2023

The Qur'an and Sufism

Islamic mysticism was based on the method of introspection of the perfection of the soul in its relationship with God, without neglecting the apparent aspect of Sharia. This spiritual path is derived from the Noble Qur’an, the honorable Sunnah of the Prophet, and the biography of the righteous predecessors. However, Sufism has special interpretations and a position that distinguished it from the rest of the Islamic intellectual trends. The Holy Qur’an was the source of Sufis’ contemplation and deepening, with respect to the noble verses that included the meanings of asceticism, mysticism and heading to the afterlife. As we can confirm that Islamic mysticism in its origin and development stemmed from the perpetuation of Qur’an recitation, meditation and practice, and the necessity of adhering to obedience and obligations.
Borrowing adaptation routines in Oran Arabic
Authors: Ouahmiche Ghania
Published: September 2023

Different processes take place to help speakers accommodate the alien items to their system. This research aims to explain the different conversion rules underlying the transfer of French linguistic materials to the dialect of Oran. It is more precisely a question of describing the productive processes in the speaking of Oran (OrA) as it is practiced by students at the University of Oran. In addition, the analysis focuses mainly on the transfer of two categories (nouns and verbs) which are likely to be adapted to the speaking system of Oran. The analysis is also based on spontaneous conversations between students recorded in various communication situations. The major findings inform us that adaptation strategies are not sporadic dia-systemic rules but rather regular analogical conventions. Adaptation is used consciously and unconsciously to fulfill some communicative functions.
معجم اللّغة العربيَّة المعاصرة بين الإجراءات العمليّة والآليّات التّنفيذيّة
Authors: بسناسي سعاد
Published: September 2023

Contemporary Arabic Dictionary between practical procedures and executive mechanisms

The Contemporary Arabic Dictionary of Ahmad Mukhtar Omar is considered one of the most important contemporary linguistic dictionaries that the Arabic library lacks. This is due to the fact that it satisfies the needs of its speakers; it investigates new words, new connotations, and live uses. It also depends on the data of the modern era and information technology in collecting, classifying, extracting and auditing the material. The value of this dictionary is not limited to its modernity only, but extends to include its methodology, work procedures, implementation and output mechanisms, and following the latest international specifications in the manufacture and production of dictionaries. The present paper aims at studying this contemporary dictionary. The main findings showed that the face of contemporary in it appears, starting with the approach followed, then its practical procedures, and the mechanisms for its implementation and output. The importance of this process lies in the fact that it is an important step to implement what the researcher needs in the field of text linguistics. This is an important element of computational linguistics that seeks to bring about a new shift by means of interactive creativity.
Dénotation- Référence مصطلحا
Authors: درقاوي مختار
Published: September 2023

On the concepts of Denotation and Reference

Language as a language and meta-language as a descriptive language, in fact, represents the field in which the concepts of terms emerge. This is based on semantic networks and higher cognitive relations that work on weaving concepts that are immanent to the process of linguistic action. There is a collision between the position-based language and the meta-language being that of the unnatural transcendental product when the two contexts are overwhelmed. We attempted in this research context to examine the translations submitted for the following linguistic terms: Reference - Denotation and to choose the appropriate translation with the help of the factor of employing the Arab heritage in the Arabization of terms, in an attempt to invest and activate heritage.
أنماط تعبيرية في العامّية الجزائرية دراسة لغوية
Authors: منصوري خيرة
Published: September 2023

Expressive patterns in Colloquial Algerian Arabic: A linguistic study

The oral linguistic heritage carries within it the elements of survival and continuity. It is embodied in the extension of its construction in linguistic reality and verbal processes, a pattern of expressive patterns, a means of the common people, in which they innovate to express their feelings and thoughts. These methods are among the effects that have been transmitted to us through verbal communication, such as stories. Folk and proverbs are marked by spontaneity, some of the features of the Algerian personality are embodied in its construction. This article aims to study some of the expressive patterns of the Algerian colloquial inheritance from the linguistic side and to highlight its features and characteristics.