bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and performance of Ti2O3/LiTiO2 decorated micro-scale Si-based composite anode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Shuai , Ma Ziyang , Cai Zhenfei , Cao Rui , Cheng Yanan , Lei Qian , Wu Qinyu , Moin Muhmmad , Ma Yangzhou , Song Guangsheng , Wen Cuie
Published: June 2024

A novel micro-Si composite exhibits superior stress relief and conductivity for enhanced battery performance.
A pentametallic Co5L4 architecture constructed from bis-substituted phosphate-based ligands
Authors: Ward Jas S. , Kruger Paul E.
Published: June 2024

A Co5L4 supramolecular square was synthesised via self-assembly from a bis-substituted phosphate ligand, interconnected by the phosphate oxygen atoms.
Functionality optimization for effective singlet fission coupling screening in the full-dimensional molecular and intermolecular coordinate space
Authors: Greiner Johannes E. , Singh Anurag , Röhr Merle I. S.
Published: June 2024

We introduce a “functionality optimization” technique, employing an objective function that includes the ground state energy and a functionality descriptor. Gradients are automatically provided by the algorithmic differentiation framework.
Role of the hydrocarbon molecular structure in CNT growth on Fe–Al catalysts
Authors: Liu Siqi , Hou Xu , Tian Changchang , Dong Ao , Sun Xinyao , Yin Li , Huang Jing , Yuan Enxian
Published: June 2024

The effects of C5–C7 hydrocarbons on CNT growth depended on the reaction medium of six-membered cyclic species.
Accurate state energetics in spin-crossover systems using pure density functional theory
Authors: Gómez-Coca Silvia , Ruiz Eliseo
Published: June 2024

The outstanding challenge of the calculation of the energy difference between different spin states is targeted with a new family of KTBM functionals.
Revealing the diverse electrochemistry of nanoparticles with scanning electrochemical cell microscopy
Authors: Gaudin Lachlan F. , Bentley Cameron L.
Published: June 2024

Through presenting and discussing these findings, this article seeks to highlight complications in single-NP SECCM experiments, particularly those arising from issues with sample preparation.
A bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane with triple self-healing action for wearable technology and smart textiles
Authors: Griggs Thomas , Ahmed Jubair , Majd Hamta , Edirisinghe Mohan , Chen Biqiong
Published: June 2024

A bio-based thermoplastic elastomer with triple self-healing action is presented for use in stretchable conductors, wearable devices and e-skin.
Unveiling the effectiveness of antimicrobial BPJ polymer coatings in enhancing microbial resistance
Authors: Gupta Sonali , Puttaiahgowda Yashoda Malgar , Kulal Ananda
Published: June 2024

Forging the future: BPJ polymer coatings redefine antimicrobial defense on military textiles.
Bioinspired multi-scale interface design for wet gas sensing based on rational water management
Authors: Ma Yutian , Li Weifeng , Zhang Weifang , Kong Lei , Yu Chengyue , Tang Cen , Zhu Zhongpeng , Chen Yupeng , Jiang Lei
Published: June 2024

Current advances in wet gas sensing are highlighted taking advantage of optimized mass transport pathways endowed by multi-scale interface design.
A novel nanocomposite drug delivery system for SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Chintapula Uday , Karim Shazeed-Ul , Iyer Priyanka Raghunathan , Asokan-Sheeja Haritha , Neupane Biswas , Nazneen Farzana , Dong He , Bai Fengwei , Nguyen Kytai T.
Published: June 2024

To develop an inhalable drug delivery system, we synthesized Remdesivir-loaded nanocomposites (RDV NCs) by coating drug-loaded nanoparticles with supramolecular cell-penetrating peptide nanofibers, enhancing uptake and intracellular drug delivery.
Highly efficient blue luminescence from stable lead-free Cu-doped Rb2LiBiBr6 double perovskites
Authors: Alwar Kumarasamy , Rajaram Muralidharan , Adaikalam Kathalingam , Kim Hyun-Seok , Natarajan Abirami , Harikrishnan Leelavathi , Rajaram Arulmozhi
Published: June 2024

Highly efficient three-dimensional (3D) lead-free halide perovskites that produce blue light emission with outstanding stability have attracted global research attention.
Conformal coating of superhydrophilic nickel iron phytic acid complex to boost BiVO4 photoanode solar water oxidation
Authors: Chen Ziqian , Ge Baoxin , Bao Jiaqi , Zhang Jinhui , Yuan Chenming , Xu Hanjian , Yang Wenbin , Qiu Ziqin , Yang Xiaoyue , Jiang Xingmao , Wang Xiang , Zeng Jie , Chen Biyi , Shi Changwei
Published: June 2024

A conformal and superhydrophilic nickel iron phytic acid complex coating serves as a bifunctional cocatalyst for improving reaction kinetics and stability.
Switchable coordination bonds in 3D cyano-bridged perovskite ferroelastics: achieving the largest leap of symmetry breaking and enhanced dielectric switching performance
Authors: Hu Sheng-Qian , Li Meng-Zhen , Chen Zhao-Hong , Zhou Jun-Si , Ji Luan-Ying , Ai Yong , Chen Xiao-Gang
Published: June 2024

Serial 3D cyano-bridged perovskite ferroelastics are designed by H/F substitution. Notably, the C–F–M coordination bond of them achieves enhancing Tc, resulting in the largest leap of symmetry breaking, and enhancing switchable dielectric response.
High performance inverted planar perovskite solar cells enhanced by heteroatomic functionalized hole transport materials
Authors: Xie Zheng , Li Yuheng , Li Xuehui , Fang Yizhen , Chang Jinrui , Yang Qiong , Sun Xiaowen , Miao Chunyang , Lu Gang , Chen Zhangxin , Li Gongqiang , Jin Yanxian , Wang Zhoulu , Li Xiong
Published: June 2024

Two heteroatomic functionalized hole transport materials with the rhodanine group have been developed, and the PSC devices with a high-quality perovskite layer and excellent interfacial contacts are fabricated, resulting in a champion PCE of 21.5%.
Elucidating the mechanism and origin of diastereoselectivity in scandium-catalyzed β-C(sp3)–H activation and transformation of an aliphatic aldimine
Authors: Zhang Yiran , Wang Yang
Published: June 2024

The mechanism and origin of regio- and diastereoselectivity in the reaction of divergent [3 + 2] annulation of aliphatic aldimines with alkenes by scandium-catalyzed β-C(sp3)–H activation have been revealed in detail using DFT calculations.
Access to chiral sulfones with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter from sulfur dioxide
Authors: Huang Chunxi , Zhang Xuemei , Luo Liping , Jia Xiuwen , Liao Jian , Lian Zhong
Published: June 2024

A copper-catalyzed enantioselective four-component reaction via the insertion of sulfur dioxide toward the synthesis of chiral sulfones bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter at the β position is reported.
A visible light-induced deoxygenative amidation protocol for the synthesis of dipeptides and amides
Authors: Ren Ji-Wei , Han Cheng-Shuai , Zhang Huai-Xin , Zhang Qing-Hao , Song Xian-Ting , Sun Jing-Hui
Published: June 2024

A green and sustainable visible light-mediated deoxygenative amidation protocol to generate acyl radicals from carboxylic acids was developed to efficiently synthesize dipeptides and amides.
Direct C–H sulfonylation of hydrazones involving the insertion of SO2
Authors: Yu Mengzhao , Lin Shuizhen , Zhang Shuoshuo , Lin Xinkui , Huang Xiaolei
Published: June 2024

A three-component reaction of aldehyde-derived hydrazones with DABSO and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates is described. Moreover, the photocatalyzed sulfonylation of hydrazones can also be achieved from sulfonyl chlorides.
Synthesis of axially chiral biaryls via Pd(ii)-catalysed direct C(sp2)–H arylation
Authors: Parmar Diksha , Kumar Rohit , Sarthi  , Sharma Akhilesh K. , Sharma Upendra
Published: June 2024

Herein, a concise protocol for the construction of axially chiral biaryls via Pd-catalysed C–H arylation of 1-arylisoquinoline N-oxides through kinetic resolution using a commercially available chiral mono-protected amino acid has been uncovered.
Unveiling the multifaceted antiproliferative efficacy of Cichorium endivia root extract by dual modulation of apoptotic and inflammatory genes, inducing cell cycle arrest, and targeting COX-2
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah R. , Hosny Nora , Mohamed Doaa I. , Abo Nahas Hebatallah H. , Albogami Abdulaziz , Al-Hazani Tahani Mohamed Ibrahim , Ibrahim Ibrahim Abdel Aziz , Falemban Alaa Hisham , Bamagous Ghazi A. , Saied Essa M.
Published: June 2024

Delving into the therapeutical potential of Cichorium endivia root extract as a natural-based antitumor supplement.
A review on Ag nanoparticles fabricated in microgels
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Rauf Abdul , Akhter Toheed
Published: June 2024

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the composites of multi-responsive microgels and silver nanoparticles.
Electron transfer at the heterojunction interface of CoP/MoS2 for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Lili , Xu Aijiao , Shi Xinxing , Zhang Huanhuan , Wang Zongpeng , Shen Shijie , Zhang Jitang , Zhong Wenwu
Published: June 2024

The CoP/MoS2 heterojunction was prepared for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. It has superior performance compared to the sulfide heterojunction Co9S8/MoS2 and the phosphide heterojunction CoP/CoMoP2.
Dynamic duos: the building blocks of dimensional mechanics
Authors: Fardin Marc A. , Hautefeuille Mathieu , Sharma Vivek
Published: June 2024

Mechanics studies the relationships between space, time, and matter.
FeVO4-based solution-processed all oxide self-biased fast photodetectors
Authors: Garg Parul , Kaith Priya , Nagar Vishal , Bera Ashok
Published: June 2024

A solution-processed all-oxide self-biased FeVO4–NiO n–p heterojunction-based fast photodetector is prepared that maintains its performance after dropwise adding water onto the pristine device, and drying at a temperature of 120 °C.
The endothelin-1-driven tumor-stroma feed-forward loops in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Tocci Piera , Roman Celia , Sestito Rosanna , Caprara Valentina , Sacconi Andrea , Molineris Ivan , Tonon Giovanni , Blandino Giovanni , Bagnato Anna
Published: June 2024

The high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) tumor microenvironment (TME) is constellated by cellular elements and a network of soluble constituents that contribute to tumor progression. In the multitude of the secreted molecules, the endothelin-1 (ET-1) has emerged to be implicated in the tumor/TME interplay; however, the molecular mechanisms induced by the ET-1-driven feed-forward loops (FFL) and associated with the HG-SOC metastatic potential need to be further investigated. The tracking of the patient-derived (PD) HG-SOC cell transcriptome by RNA-seq identified the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and its associated signature among those mostly up-regulated by ET-1 and down-modulated by the dual ET-1R antagonist macitentan. Within the ligand–receptor pairs concurrently expressed in PD-HG-SOC cells, endothelial cells and activated fibroblasts, we discovered two intertwined FFL, the ET-1/ET-1R and VEGF/VEGF receptors, concurrently activated by ET-1 and shutting-down by macitentan, or by the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab. In parallel, we observed that ET-1 fine-tuned the tumoral and stromal secretome toward a pro-invasive pattern. Into the fray of the HG-SOC/TME double and triple co-cultures, the secretion of ET-1 and VEGF, that share a common co-regulation, was inhibited upon the administration of macitentan. Functionally, macitentan, mimicking the effect of bevacizumab, interfered with the HG-SOC/TME FFL-driven communication that fuels the HG-SOC invasive behavior. The identification of ET-1 and VEGF FFL as tumor and TME actionable vulnerabilities, reveals how ET-1R blockade, targeting the HG-SOC cells and the TME simultaneously, may represent an effective therapeutic option for HG-SOC patients.
Emergency coordinated control of multiple VSC‐HVDC for improving power system transient frequency and steady‐state frequency
Authors: Chen Xiaojing , Dong Haiying , Che Yulong , Huang Amin
Published: June 2024

With the penetration of the high proportion of power electronics interfaced energy resources, the frequency stability issue in power systems is becoming increasingly prominent. This paper proposes a coordinated control strategy of multiple voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission (VSC‐HVDC) to simultaneously improve the transient frequency and steady‐state frequency after a severe disturbance. Firstly, a modified average system frequency response (MASFR) model is constructed with reserve power limitation, which takes into account the frequency responses of different types of generators (thermal, hydro and new energy resources). Secondly, according to the frequency stability requirements, the corresponding constraints, which consider the overload capacity of VSC‐HVDC, the AC transmission capacity and the frequency of AC grids on both sides of VSC‐HVDC, are formulated. Thirdly, for the transient frequency control, the coordinated optimization control model of multiple VSC‐HVDC is established, which aims to minimize the control energy considering the transient frequency threshold. For the steady‐state frequency control, the coordinated optimization control model is fomulated, which aims to minimize the control cost while considering the steady‐state frequency threshold. The two control schemes achieve seamless and smooth switching. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified in the improved IEEE 39 bus system.
Numerical simulations of exocomet transits: Insights from β Pic and KIC 3542116
Authors: Luk’yanyk I. , Kulyk I. , Shubina O. , Pavlenko Ya. , Vasylenko M. , Dobrycheva D. , Korsun P.
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the topic of existence and exploration of exocomets has been gaining increasing attention. The asymmetrical decrease in the star’s brightness due to the passage of a comet-like object in front of the star was successfully predicted. It was subsequently confirmed on the basis of the light curves of stars observed by Kepler and TESS orbital telescopes. Since then, there have been successful attempts to fit the asymmetrical dips observed in the stars’ light curves utilizing a simple 1D model of an exponentially decaying optically thin dust tail. In this work, we propose fitting the photometric profiles of some known exocomet transits based on a Monte Carlo approach to build up the distribution of dust particles in a cometary tail. As the exocomet prototypes, we used the physical properties of certain Solar System comets belonging to the different dynamical groups and moving at heliocentric distances of 0.6 au, 1.0 au, 5.0 au, and 5.5 au. We obtained a good agreement between the observed and modeled transit light curves. We also show that the physical characteristics of dust particles, such as the particle size range, the power index of dust size distribution, the particle terminal velocity, and distance to the host star affect the shape of the transit light curve, while the dust productivity of the comet nucleus and the impact parameter influence its depth and duration. The estimated dust production rates of the transiting exocomets are at the level of the most active Solar System comets.
Towards an astronomical use of new-generation geodetic observations
Authors: Pérez-Díez V. , Martí-Vidal I. , Albentosa-Ruiz E. , González-García J. , Jaron F. , Savolainen T. , Xu M. H. , Bachiller R.
Published: June 2024

Context. The current algorithms used for the calibration and analysis of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) networks that only use linear polarizers (as is the case of the VLBI Global Observing System, VGOS) do not properly account for instrumental and source-intrinsic polarimetry, which can cause errors in geodetic and astronomical products.

Aims. We aim to develop a calibration pipeline for VLBI interferometers that observe in a basis of linear polarization, as is the case of VGOS. The products from this pipeline can be used to obtain valuable full-polarization astronomical information from the observed sources, and they can be used to potentially improve the geodetic results.

Methods. We used the algorithm PolConvert to write the correlation products in a basis of circular polarization that is compatible with the standard VLBI calibration procedures. In addition to this, we implemented a wide-band global fringe-fitting algorithm that accounts for dispersive effects (ionospheric delay) and allows us to perform full-polarization imaging of all the observed sources, covering the whole frequency band of VGOS.

Results. We present the outcome of our pipeline applied to a global IVS VGOS epoch of observations and show example imaging results in total intensity and polarization. We also discuss issues encountered during the analysis and suggest points of improvement in the VGOS system for an optimum geodetic and astronomical exploitation of this interferometer.
Study of X-ray emission from the S147 nebula with SRG/eROSITA: X-ray imaging, spectral characterization, and a multiwavelength picture
Authors: Michailidis Miltiadis , Pühlhofer Gerd , Becker Werner , Freyberg Michael , Merloni Andrea , Santangelo Andrea , Sasaki Manami , Bykov Andrei , Chugai Nikolai , Churazov Eugene , Khabibullin Ildar , Sunyaev Rashid , Utrobin Victor , Zinchenko Igor
Published: June 2024

Simeis 147 (S147, G180.0-01.7, “Spaghetti nebula”) is a supernova remnant (SNR) extensively studied across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from radio to giga-electronvoltγ-rays, except in X-rays. Here, we report the first detection of significant X-ray emission from the entire SNR using data of the extended ROentgen Survey Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) onboard the Russian-German Spektrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG). The object is located at the Galactic anticenter, and its 3° size classifies it among the largest SNRs ever detected in X-rays. By employing ∼15 years ofFermi-LAT data, our study confirms the association of the remnant with a spatially coincident diffuse giga-electronvolt excess, namely 4FGL J0540.3+2756e or FGES J0537.6+2751. The X-ray emission is purely thermal, exhibiting strong O, Ne, and Mg lines; whereas it lacks heavier-Z elements. The emission is mainly confined to the 0.5–1.0 keV band; no significant emission is detected above 2.0 keV. Both a collisional plasma model in equilibrium and a model of nonequilibrium collisional plasma can fit the total spectrum. While the equilibrium model – though statistically disfavored – cannot be excluded by X-ray fitting, only the absorption column of the nonequilibrium model is consistent with expectations derived from optical extinction data. Adopting an expansion in a homogeneous medium of typical interstellar medium (ISM) density, the general SNR properties are broadly consistent with an expansion model that yields an estimated age of ∼0.66 − 2 × 105yr, that is a rather old age. The preference for an X-ray-emitting plasma in nonequilibrium, however, adds to the observational evidence that favors a substantially younger age. In a companion paper, we explore an SNR-in-cavity scenario, resulting in a much younger age that alleviates some of the inconsistencies of the old-age scenario.
MCXC-II: Second release of the Meta-Catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies
Authors: Sadibekova T. , Arnaud M. , Pratt G. W. , Tarrío P. , Melin J.-B.
Published: June 2024

We present the second release of the Meta-catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies (hereafter MCXC-II). MCXC-II has been compiled from publicly available ROSAT All Sky Survey-based (NORAS, REFLEX, BCS, SGP, NEP, MACS, CIZA, and RXGCC) and serendipitous (160SD, 400SD, SHARC, WARPS, and EMSS) X-ray cluster catalogues. Redshifts were systematically checked and updated when necessary, with additional redshift information (type and origin) added. The X-ray data were standardised to an overdensity of 500, using a new procedure based on the use of the original flux and aperture measurements available in the input catalogues. MCXC-II contains 2221 entries, now including objects from the REFLEX-II and RXGCC surveys, in addition to providing a complete and fully-homogenised sub-catalogue of all published MACS clusters. Duplicate entries from overlaps between the survey areas of the individual input catalogues were carefully handled. For each cluster, the MCXC-II provides three identifiers: redshift, coordinates, and membership in the original catalogue, along with standardised [0.1–2.4] keV band luminosity, L500, total mass, M500, and radius, R500. Uncertainties on L500 were computed from the flux errors in the original catalogues. MCXC-II additionally provides information on overlaps between the input catalogues, reporting the luminosity and its uncertainty when measurements from different surveys are available, along with notes on individual objects.
He-enriched STAREVOL models for globular cluster multiple populations
Authors: Costa G. , Dumont T. , Lançon A. , Palacios A. , Charbonnel C. , Prugniel P. , Ekstrom S. , Georgy C. , Branco V. , Coelho P. , Martins L. , Borisov S. , Voggel K. , Chantereau W.
Published: June 2024

A common property of globular clusters (GCs) is to host multiple populations characterized by peculiar chemical abundances. Recent photometric studies suggest that the He content could vary between the populations of a GC by up to ΔHe ∼ 0.13, in mass fraction. The initial He content impacts the evolution of low-mass stars by ultimately modifying their lifetimes, luminosity, temperatures, and, more generally, the morphology of post-red giant branch (RGB) evolutionary tracks in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We present new physically accurate isochrones with different initial He enrichments and metallicities, with a focus on the methods implemented to deal with the post-RGB phases. The isochrones are based on tracks computed with the stellar evolution code STAREVOL for different metallicities (Z = 0.0002, 0.0009, 0.002, and 0.008) and with a different He enrichment (from 0.25 to 0.6 in mass fraction). We describe the effect of He enrichment on the morphology of the isochrones, and we tested these by comparing the predicted number counts of horizontal branch and asymptotic giant branch stars with those of selected GCs. Comparing the number ratios, we find that our new theoretical ones agree with the observed values within 1σ in most cases. The work presented here sets the ground for future studies on stellar populations in GCs, in which the abundances of light elements in He-enhanced models will rely on different assumptions for the causes of this enrichment. The developed methodology permits the computation of isochrones from new stellar tracks with noncanonical stellar processes. The checked number counts ensure that, at least in this reference set, the contribution of the luminous late stages of stellar evolution to the integrated light of a GC is represented adequately
An absence of binary companions to Wolf-Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Schootemeijer A. , Shenar T. , Langer N. , Grin N. , Sana H. , Gräfener G. , Schürmann C. , Wang C. , Xu X.-T.
Published: June 2024

To predict black hole mass distributions at high redshifts, we need to understand whether very massive single stars (M ≳ 40 M⊙) with low metallicities (Z) lose their hydrogen-rich envelopes, like their metal-rich counterparts, or whether a binary companion is required to achieve this. To test this, we undertook a deep spectroscopic search for binary companions of the seven known apparently single Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC; where Z ≃ 1/5 Z⊙). For each of them, we acquired six high-quality VLT-UVES spectra spread over a time period of 1.5 years. By using the narrow N V lines in these spectra, we monitored radial velocity (RV) variations to search for binary motion. We find low RV variations of between 6 and 23 km/s for the seven WR stars, with a median standard deviation of 5 km/s. Our Monte Carlo simulations imply probabilities below ∼5% that any of our target WR stars have a binary companion more massive than ∼5 M⊙ with orbital periods of less than a year. We estimate that the probability that all our target WR stars have companions with orbital periods shorter than 10 yr is below ∼10−5 and argue that the observed modest RV variations may originate from intrinsic atmosphere or wind variability. Our findings imply that metal-poor massive stars born with M ≳ 40 M⊙ can lose most of their hydrogen-rich envelopes via stellar winds or eruptive mass loss, which strongly constrains their initial mass–black hole mass relation. We also identify two of our seven target stars (SMC AB1 and SMC AB11) as runaway stars with a peculiar RV of ∼80 km/s. Moreover, with all five previously detected WR binaries in the SMC exhibiting orbital periods of less than 20 d, a puzzling absence of intermediate-to-long-period WR binaries has emerged, with strong implications for the outcome of massive binary interactions at low metallicities.
Anatomy of an ionized bubble: NIRCam grism spectroscopy of the z = 6.6 double-peaked Lyman-α emitter COLA1 and its environment
Authors: Torralba-Torregrosa Alberto , Matthee Jorryt , Naidu Rohan P. , Mackenzie Ruari , Pezzulli Gabriele , Hutter Anne , Arnalte-Mur Pablo , Gurung-López Siddhartha , Tacchella Sandro , Oesch Pascal , Kashino Daichi , Conroy Charlie , Sobral David
Published: June 2024

The increasingly neutral intergalactic gas at z > 6 impacts the Lyman-α (Lyα) flux observed from galaxies. One luminous galaxy, COLA1, stands out because of its unique double-peaked Lyα line at z = 6.6, unseen in any simulation of reionization. Here, we present JWST/NIRCam wide-field slitless spectroscopy in a 21 arcmin2 field centered on COLA1. We find 141 galaxies spectroscopically selected through the [O III] doublet at 5.35 < z < 6.95, with 40 of these sources showing Hβ. For COLA1, we additionally detect [O III]4363 as well as Hγ. We measure a systemic redshift of z = 6.5917 for COLA1, confirming the classical double-peak nature of the Lyα profile. This implies that it resides in a highly ionized bubble and that it is leaking ionizing photons with a high escape fraction of fesc(LyC) = 20–50%, making it a prime laboratory to study Lyman continuum escape in the Epoch of Reionization. COLA1 shows all the signs of a prolific ionizer with a Lyα escape fraction of 81 ± 5%, Balmer decrement indicating no dust, a steep UV slope (βUV = −3.2 ± 0.4), and a star-formation surface density ≳10× that of typical galaxies at similar redshift. We detect five galaxies in COLA1’s close environment (Δz < 0.02). Exploiting the high spectroscopic completeness inherent to grism surveys, and using mock simulations that fully mimic the selection function, we show that the number of detected companions is very typical for a normal similarly UV-bright (MUV ∼ −21.3) galaxy – that is, the ionized bubble around COLA1 is unlikely to be due to an excessively large over-density. Instead, the measured ionizing properties suggest that COLA1 by itself might be powering the bubble required to explain its double-peaked Lyα profile (Rion ≈ 0.7 pMpc), with only minor contributions from detected neighbors (−19.5 ≲ MUV ≲ −17.5).
ALMA-IMF
Authors: Álvarez-Gutiérrez R. H. , Stutz A. M. , Sandoval-Garrido N. , Louvet F. , Motte F. , Galván-Madrid R. , Cunningham N. , Sanhueza P. , Bonfand M. , Bontemps S. , Gusdorf A. , Ginsburg A. , Csengeri T. , Reyes S. D. , Salinas J. , Baug T. , Bronfman L. , Busquet G. , Díaz-González D. J. , Fernandez-Lopez M. , Guzmán A. , Koley A. , Liu H.-L. , Olguin F. A. , Valeille-Manet M. , Wyrowski F.
Published: June 2024

The ALMA-IMF Large Program provides multi-tracer observations of 15 Galactic massive protoclusters at a matched sensitivity and spatial resolution. We focus on the dense gas kinematics of the G353.41 protocluster traced by N2H+ (1−0), with a spatial resolution of ~0.02 pc. G353.41, at a distance of ~2kpc, is embedded in a larger-scale (~8 pc) filament and has a mass of ~2.5 × 103 M⊙ within 1.3 × 1.3 pc2. We extracted the N2H+ (1−0) isolated line component and decomposed it by fitting up to three Gaussian velocity components. This allows us to identify velocity structures that are either muddled or impossible to identify in the traditional position-velocity diagram. We identify multiple velocity gradients on large (~1 pc) and small scales (~0.2pc). We find good agreement between the N2H+ velocities and the previously reported DCN core velocities, suggesting that cores are kinematically coupled with the dense gas in which they form. We have measured nine converging “V-shaped” velocity gradients (VGs) (~20 km s−1 pc−1) that are well resolved (sizes ~0.1 pc), mostly located in filaments, which are sometimes associated with cores near their point of convergence. We interpret these V-shapes as inflowing gas feeding the regions near cores (the immediate sites of star formation). We estimated the timescales associated with V-shapes as VG−1, and we interpret them as inflow timescales. The average inflow timescale is ~67 kyr, or about twice the free-fall time of cores in the same area (~33 kyr) but substantially shorter than protostar lifetime estimates (~0.5 Myr). We derived mass accretion rates in the range of (0.35–8.77) × 10−4 M⊙ yr−1. This feeding might lead to further filament collapse and the formation of new cores. We suggest that the protocluster is collapsing on large scales, but the velocity signature of collapse is slow compared to pure free-fall. Thus, these data are consistent with a comparatively slow global protocluster contraction under gravity, and faster core formation within, suggesting the formation of multiple generations of stars over the protocluster’s lifetime.
Population synthesis models indicate a need for early and ubiquitous disk substructures
Authors: Delussu Luca , Birnstiel Tilman , Miotello Anna , Pinilla Paola , Rosotti Giovanni , Andrews Sean M.
Published: June 2024

Context. Large millimeter surveys of star-forming regions enable the study of entire populations of planet-forming disks and reveal correlations between their observable properties. The ever-increasing number of these surveys has led to a flourishing of population study, a valuable tool and approach that is spreading in ever more fields. Population studies of disks have shown that the correlation between disk size and millimeter flux could be explained either through disks with strong substructure, or alternatively by the effects of radial inward drift of growing dust particles.

Aims. This study aims to constrain the parameters and initial conditions of planet-forming disks and address the question of the need for the presence of substructures in disks and, if needed, their predicted characteristics, based on the large samples of disk sizes, millimeter fluxes, and spectral indices available.

Methods. We performed a population synthesis of the continuum emission of disks, exploiting a two-population model (two-pop-py), considering the influence of viscous evolution, dust growth, fragmentation, and transport, varying the initial conditions of the disk and substructure to find the best match with the observed distributions. Disks both with and without substructure have been examined. We obtained the simulated population distribution for the disk sizes, millimeter fluxes, and spectral indices by post-processing the resulting disk profiles (surface density, maximum grain size, and disk temperature).

Results. We show that the observed distributions of spectral indices, sizes, and luminosities together can be best reproduced by disks with significant substructure; namely, a perturbation that is strong enough to be able to trap particles, that is formed early in the evolution of the disk, and that is within 0.4 Myr. Agreement is reached by relatively high initial disk masses (10−2.3 M⋆ ⩽ Mdisk ⩽ 10−0.5 M⋆) and moderate levels of turbulence (10−3.5 ⩽ α ⩽ 10−2.5). Other disk parameters play a weaker role. Only opacities with a high absorption efficiency can reproduce the observed spectral indices.

Conclusions. Disk population synthesis is a precious tool for investigating and constraining the parameters and initial conditions of planet-forming disks. The generally low observed spectral indices call for significant substructure, like that which planets in the mass range of Saturn to a few Jupiters would induce, to already be present before 0.4 Myr. Our results indicate that substructure, which so far has only been assessed in individual disks, is likely ubiquitous and extends to the whole population, and imply that most “smooth” disks hide unresolved substructure.
Mind the trap
Authors: Ligterink N. F. W. , Kipfer K. A. , Gavino S.
Published: June 2024

Aims. The ability of bulk ices (H2O, CO2) to trap volatiles has been well studied in any experimental sense, but largely ignored in protoplanetary disk and planet formation models as well as the interpretation of their observations. We demonstrate the influence of volatile trapping on C/O ratios in planet-forming environments.

Methods. We created a simple model of CO, CO2, and H2O snowlines in protoplanetary disks and calculated the C/O ratio at different radii and temperatures. We included a trapping factor, which partially inhibits the release of volatiles (CO, CO2) at their snowline and releases them instead, together with the bulk ice species (H2O, CO2). Our aim has been to assess its influence of trapping solid-state and gas phase C/O ratios throughout planet-forming environments.

Results. Volatile trapping significantly affects C/O ratios in protoplanetary disks. Variations in the ratio are reduced and become more homogeneous throughout the disk when compared to models that do not include volatile trapping. Trapping reduces the proportion of volatiles in the gas and, as such, reduces the available carbon- and oxygen-bearing molecules for gaseous accretion to planetary atmospheres. Volatile trapping is expected to also affect the elemental hydrogen and nitrogen budgets.

Conclusions. Volatile trapping is an overlooked, but important effect to consider when assessing the C/O ratios in protoplanetary disks and exoplanet atmospheres. Due to volatile trapping, exoplanets with stellar C/O have the possibility to be formed within the CO and CO2 snowline.
Multi-spacecraft study with the Icarus model
Authors: Baratashvili T. , Grison B. , Schmieder B. , Démoulin P. , Poedts S.
Published: June 2024

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the main drivers of the disturbances in interplanetary space. Earth-directed CMEs can be dangerous, and understanding the CME interior magnetic structure is crucial for advancing space weather studies. It is important to assess the capabilities of a numerical heliospheric model, as a firm understanding of the nature and extent of its limitations can be used to improve the model and the space weather predictions based on it.

Aims. The aim of the present study is to test the capabilities of the recently developed heliospheric model Icarus and the linear force-free spheromak model that has been implemented in it.

Methods. To validate the Icarus space weather modelling tool, two CME events were selected that were observed by two spacecraft located near Mercury and Earth, respectively. This enables us to test the heliospheric model computed with Icarus at two distant locations. The source regions for the CMEs were identified, and the CME parameters were determined and later optimised. Different adaptive mesh refinement levels were applied in the simulations to assess its performance by comparing the simulation results to in situ measurements.

Results. The first CME event erupted at 15:25 on July 9, 2013. The modelled time series were in good agreement with the observations both at MESSENGER and ACE. The second CME event started at 10:25 on February 16, 2014, and was more complicated, as three CME interactions occurred in this event. It was impossible to recover the observed profiles without modelling the other two CMEs that were observed, one before the main CME and one afterward. The parameters for the three CMEs were identified and the three CMEs were modelled in Icarus. For both CME studies, AMR level 3 was sufficient to reconstruct small-scale features near Mercury, while at Earth, AMR level 4 was necessary due to the radially stretched grid that was used.

Conclusions. The profiles obtained at both spacecraft resemble the in situ measurements well. The current limitations of the space weather modelling tool result in an excessively small deceleration of the CME propagation during the CME–CME interaction as measured by MESSENGER and ACE.
UOCS
Authors: Jadhav Vikrant V. , Subramaniam Annapurni , Sagar Ram
Published: June 2024

Context. Evolutionary pathways of binary systems are vastly different from single stellar evolution, and thus there is a need to quantify their frequency and diversity. Thanks to their to their coeval nature, open clusters are the best test beds for unveiling the secrets of binary populations. The availability of multi-wavelength data in recent years has been critical in characterising the binary population.

Aims. NGC 752 is a solar-metallicity, intermediate-age open cluster located at 460 pc. In this work, we aim to identify the optically sub-luminous white dwarfs in NGC 752 and identify the elusive blue lurkers by association.

Methods. We used multi-wavelength photometry from AstroSat/UVIT, Swift/UVOT, Gaia DR3, and other archival surveys to analyse the colour-magnitude diagrams and spectral energy distributions of 37 cluster members.

Results. We detected eight white dwarf companions of cluster members. Four of the systems are main sequence stars with extremely low-mass white dwarfs as their companions. Two of these main sequence stars are also fast rotators.

Conclusions. The presence of low-mass white dwarfs and fast rotation signals a past mass transfer, and we classify the four main sequence stars as blue lurkers. The binary fraction in NGC 752 is estimated to be 50–70%, and it shows that the contribution of optically undetected stars is crucial in quantifying the present-day binary fraction.
Parameters of the system for intrasoil application of manure-containing waste water when growing roses
Authors: Mironova T.Yu. , Gordeev V.V. , Gordeeva T.I. , Khazanov V.E.
Published: June 2024

One of the ways to utilize manure-containing milking parlor wastewater (MPW) from dairy farms is to use it as liquid fertilizer in greenhouses. Considering that there are no clear recommendations on the disposal of manure-containing milking parlor drains by application in greenhouses, the purpose of the research was to determine the main parameters of the system for subsurface application of manure-containing milking parlor drains - perforation diameter d (mm) and pipeline depth h(mm) when growing roses in the greenhouse. The main factors influencing the process of intrasoil application of manure-containing milking parlor wastewater in a greenhouse have been identified and presented in the form of an information model. A two-factor experiment was planned, the following factors were subject to variation: perforation diameter - from 2 mm to 4 mm, pipeline depth - from 50 mm to 150 mm. The length of each pipeline option is 1500 mm, the internal diameter is 16 mm, the perforation pitch is 100 mm, and a plug is installed at the end. The supply of manurecontaining milking parlor wastewater from the tank to the perforated pipeline was carried out through flexible pipes by gravity at a rate of 6.5 liters per square meter. It has been established that the studied parameters have little effect on the length of rose stems, but have a greater influence on the number of flowers, and the diameter of the perforation of the subsoil pipeline has the greatest influence than its depth. As a result of the research, a mathematical model of the influence of perforation diameter and pipeline depth was obtained, the number of roses q was obtained, and a three-dimensional response surface was constructed. The optimal parameters for introducing manure-containing milking parlor wastewater under these conditions were perforation diameter 2 mm and pipeline depth 111 mm.
Assessment of the State of Plant Biomass Based on the Integration of Multispectral Sensors of Optical and Radio Ranges
Authors: Linets Gennady , Bazhenov Anatoliy , Melnikov Sergey , Malygin Sergey , Grivennaya Natalia
Published: June 2024

One of the main tasks of using remote sensing in agriculture for precision farming purposes is to identify management zones or management zones within which the timing and parameters of agrotechnical measures differ significantly. To clarify the boundaries of these zones, it is proposed to use jointly data on soil moisture (electrical conductivity) and the normalized plant index (NDVI) in a field of about 70 hectares. Based on spatial variations of humidity data obtained using a bistatic radar system and electrical conductivity obtained using electromagnetic scanning, as well as NDVI indices obtained using multispectral cameras, maps of the spatial distribution of these parameters are constructed. To determine the control zones, a fuzzy clustering algorithm was used, three target classes for assessing the state of plant biomass with restrictions on the percentage of moisture in the soil were identified. An analysis of 813 points of the soil surface was carried out with reference to geographical coordinates, the elements of the array were assigned to one of the target classes corresponding to one of the three control zones. The results of the analysis of arrays formed by classes allow us to conclude that it is possible to use fuzzy clustering to determine the boundaries of control zones in conditions of significant heterogeneity of the studied fields in terms of physico-chemical properties and relief.
Comparative carpological assessment of F1 hybrids of Brassica napus L.
Authors: Cheryatova Yulya , Monakhos Sokrat
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the morphological structure of the fruits of 26 commercial winter hybrids Brassica napus L., collected in July 2023 at the Breeding Station named after N.N. Timofeev Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. Marker carpological characteristics of pods of B. napus hybrids have been established, which can be used in identifying and assessing the potential seed productivity of plants. Statistical analysis showed that the pods of the studied B. napus hybrids were characterized by stable and slightly varying morphometric parameters. The ratio of fruit length to its diameter was the greatest in F1 BS10, amounting to 19.4, and the smallest ratio of fruit length to its diameter was found in F1 BS22 - 8.34. The largest number of seeds in pods was observed in F1 BS10, and amounted to an average of 36.45 pieces; F1 BS22 (12.5 pieces) was characterized by the smallest number of seeds in the fruit. The longest pod stalk was observed in F1 BS17, which averaged 2.28 cm, and the shortest pod length was observed in F1 BS22 (1.28 cm). The greatest angle of departure of the pod stalk from the raceme was observed in F1 BS16 plants, which averaged 94.33o; the smallest angle is set for F1 BS4 (75.4o). As a result of the initial selection assessment and analysis of carpological data, a promising hybrid F1 BS10 was isolated, which differs from other B. napus hybrids in large pods with the largest number of seeds in the fruit.
A brief survey on heat generation in lithium-ion battery technology
Authors: Madani Seyed Saeed , Hajihosseini Mojtaba , Ziebert Carlos
Published: June 2024

The powertrain in electric vehicles typically comprises various components, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a battery management system, an energy converter, an electric motor, and a mechanical transmission system. Electric vehicles utilize the electrical energy stored in LIBs to efficiently drive the motors efficiently. LIBs find widespread use in portable electronic devices like laptops, mobile phones, and other electronic appliances, with potential applications in the automotive sector. To examine the thermal performance of LIBs across diverse applications and establish accurate thermal models for batteries, it is essential to understand heat generation. Numerous researchers have proposed various methods to determine the heat generation of LIBs through comprehensive experimental laboratory measurements. This study comprehensively explores diverse experimental and modeling techniques used to analyze the thermal behavior and heat generation of LIBs.
Von Bäuerinnen und Bauern lernen – Bayrisches Erfahrungswissen zum
Kräutereinsatz bei Nutztieren
Authors: Schlittenlacher Theresa , Knubben-Schweizer Gabriela , Cero Maja Dal , Vogl Christian R. , Maeschli Ariane , Hamburger Matthias , Walkenhorst Michael
Published: June 2024

In einer Studie wurde das traditionelle Erfahrungswissen zu pflanzlichen
Hausmitteln und deren Anwendungen bei Nutztieren erfasst und ausgewertet. Gerade
in Bayern ist dieses traditionelle und lokalspezifische Wissen noch weit
verbreitet. Dies birgt zahlreiche Anwendungsbeispiele und Potenzial für die
Weiterentwicklung der Veterinärphytotherapie
Virtual Reality Mental Health Interventions in Geriatric Care for Functional or Well-being Enhancement – A Scoping Review
Authors: Li Yijun , Muschalla Beate
Published: June 2024

Purpose It has become common to use Virtual Reality (VR) for mental health
interventions; however, its use in care of the elederly is limited, especially
regarding mood and well-being. In this review, we summarize the results of
current VR-based mental health interventions for this population.

Methods Peer-reviewed journal articles on immersive VR mental health
intervention in seniors, published until 2022, were included.

Results There were 2697 results found in the database search, of which 40
articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis.
Most studies did not use an experimental design with randomized controlled
trials and follow-up sessions. Function-oriented and entertainment-oriented
intervention studies were categorized. VR-based geriatric mental interventions
have grown rapidly since 2018, especially the number of interventions that
promote wellbeing. The function-oriented interventions used active interactions
with varied devices. Entertainment-oriented interaction was primarily passive,
seldomly using hand controllers for moving activities. Generally, VR
interventions improved the mental health of older adults.

Conclusion Geriatric rehabilitation can benefit from this innovative
technology to maintain cognitive functions and to improve the well-being of
seniors. They have potential for use in aging care and in retirement homes.
Future VR interventions may also involve promoting social interaction to combat
loneliness among seniors.
”Nicht-medikamentöse Verfahren in der Kopfschmerzprophylaxe, was ist
die Evidenz?“
Authors: Schäfer Benjamin
Published: June 2024

Primäre Kopfschmerzen können durch Medikamente, Übungen, Verhaltenstherapie oder
Änderungen des Lebensstils vorgebeugt werden. Wichtig ist, dass bei einer
medikamentösen Prophylaxe auch ergänzend nicht-medikamentöse Ansätze empfohlen
werden sollten. Patienten wünschen sich häufig, auch ohne Medikamente gegen ihre
Kopfschmerzen vorzugehen. Außer für die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie und
Biofeedback ist die Evidenz für nicht-medikamentöse Verfahren in der
Kopfschmerztherapie noch nicht endgültig geklärt. Dieser Artikel gibt eine
Übersicht der aktuellen Literatur über die Evidenz von Ausdauersport,
Entspannungsübungen, Physiotherapie, Lebensstilfaktoren und komplementären
Verfahren. Bei Kopfschmerzen vom Spannungstyp gibt es zunehmend Studien mit
positiven Ergebnissen aus der Physiotherapie. Positive Ergebnisse mit
langfristigem Follow-up stehen noch aus. Die beste Evidenz zur Vorbeugung der
Migräne existiert für den aeroben Ausdauersport. Aber auch andere Verfahren
können zum Einsatz kommen.