bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trust but Verify: A Case of Unintended Medication Omission
Authors: Bryant Andrew , Pitman Stuart , Lessing Juan
Published: August 2022

An accurate medication history prevents medication errors during
transitions of care, whereas an inaccurate medication history may lead
to unnecessary tests or prolonged hospitalization. We describe the case
of a patient with chronic hypothyroidism who presented to the hospital
with severe hypothyroidism and reported strict adherence to her home
levothyroxine.
Sexual dimorphism in wing pigmentation promotes rapid species diversification in Zygoptera but not Anisoptera
Authors: Padilla-Morales Benjamin , Davis Katie , Barnes Chloe , Muñoz Aldo Carillo , García-Miranda Oscar , Castillo-Morales Daniel , Barragán Gustavo Wapper , López Andrea Nieto , Kilili Huseyin , Delmer Cyrille , Serrano-Meneses Martin , Wills Matthew , Urrutia Araxi
Published: August 2022

Sexual selection has long been thought to promote speciation, but
evidence is inconclusive. In Odonata - which includes dragonflies and
damselflies-, wing pigmentation has been found to be influenced by
sexual selection. Past evidence shows that wing pigmentation in males is
a driver of speciation in damselflies. However, whether sexual
dimorphism per se is associated with species diversification rates has
not been tested. Here we test whether wing pigmentation sexual
dimorphism influences diversification rates in a supertree of 1,260
species, the most comprehensive phylogeny inferred for the group. We
find that male wing pigmented sexual dimorphism is associated with
higher species diversification rates in damselflies but not in
dragonflies. This study presents the first evidence of the role of
species sexual dimorphism in species diversification in a clade
identified as amarker of habitat quality. In the face of accelerating
biodiversity loss, uncovering diversification drivers is of pressing
importance.
miR-130b/301b Is a Negative Regulator of Beige Adipogenesis and Energy Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Luo Wenyi , Kim Youngsil , Jensen Mary Ellen , Herlea-Pana Oana , Wang Weidong , Rudolph Michael C. , Friedman Jacob E. , Chernausek Steven D. , Jiang Shaoning
Published: August 2022

Thermogenic brown or beige adipocytes dissipate energy in the form of heat and thereby counteract obesity and related metabolic complications. The miRNA cluster miR-130b/301b is highly expressed in adipose tissues and has been implicated in metabolic diseases as a posttranscriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism. We investigated the roles of miR-130b/301b in regulating beige adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. miR-130b/301b declined in adipose progenitor cells during beige adipogenesis, while forced overexpression of miR-130b-3p or miR-301b-3p suppressed uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that a decline in miR-130b-3p or miR-301b-3p is required for adipocyte precursors to develop the beige phenotype. Mechanistically, miR-130b/301b directly targeted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1) and suppressed peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α), key regulators of brown adipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mice lacking the miR-130b/301b miRNA cluster showed reduced visceral adiposity and less weight gain. miR-130b/301b null mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance, increased UCP1 and AMPK activation in subcutaneous fat (inguinal white adipose tissue [iWAT]), and increased response to cold-induced energy expenditure. Together, these data identify the miR-130b/301b cluster as a new regulator that suppresses beige adipogenesis involving PGC-1α and AMPK signaling in iWAT and is therefore a potential therapeutic target against obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Köpük Beton Üretiminde İnşaat Yıkıntı Atığı İnce Agregası Kullanımı ve Optimum Su/Çimento Oranının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Yusuf , ŞİMŞEK Osman
Published: August 2022

İnşaat sektöründe hammadde temini doğal kaynaklarımız hızlı azalmasına veya tahrip edilmesine neden olmaktadır. Doğal kaynakların azalmasını veya tahrip edilmesini azaltmak için inşaat yıkıntı atıklarının geri kazanılması, hammaddeye ihtiyacını ve aynı zamanda çevresel kirliliğini de azaltılacaktır. Bu çalışmada inşaat yıkıntı atığı ince (kum) agrega ile köpük beton üretile bilirliği araştırılmıştır. Karışımlarda agrega olarak 4 mm elekten geçen inşaat yıkıntı atığı kullanılarak 5 farklı su/çimento oranı ile köpük beton üretilmiştir. Üretilen köpük beton numunelerinin birim hacim ağırlıkları, basınç dayanımları, su emme oranı, ultra ses geçiş hızı ve ısıl iletkenlik katsayıları gibi özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu özeliklerden en uygun olanlar S/Ç oranı 0,45 olan karışım tasarımı vermiştir.
The Putin Predicament: Problems of Legitimacy and Succession in Russia
Authors: Öhlén Mats
Published: August 2022

Denna bok lyfter frågan om hur vilka planer som finns i Ryssland för tiden efter Putin som president. Huvudargumentet är att de strategier för att bygga politisk legitimitet nästan helt har fokuserats på Putin som Rysslands räddare och beskyddare. Därmed har också möjliga efterträdare svårt att bygga upp en egen plattform. Den nya konstitutionen som möjliggör för Putin att sitta kvar fram till 2036 visar att man inte har någon lösning på detta dilemma. Kvar finns en åldrande president och ett politiskt system som i övrigt hyser lågt förtroende hos befolkningen.
This book raises the question of Russia’s plans for the time after Putin as Russia’s president. The main argument is that the strategies for political legitimacy in Russia has focused almost entirely on Putin himself as the saviour and protector of the Russian nation. Consequently, any potential successor has a difficult task in building up his/her own platform. The new constitution, which makes it possible for Putin to continue as president until 2036 demonstrates that this dilemma has yet no solution. What remains is an aging president and a political system with a very low level of popular trust.
Effect of Synthetic Urea on the Population Dynamics of Sucking Insect Pests of Cotton
Authors: Jafir Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Cotton is an important cash crop of Pakistan. Different biotic and abiotic factors are deteriorating the quantity and quality of the cotton directly or indirectly. From the biotic factor, sucking insect pests are most important because they lowering the photosynthetic activity of plants and also act as a vector of the disease-causing pathogen. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of synthetic urea on the population dynamics of sucking pest of cotton in Pakistan during 2016. Cotton plants were sown the filed under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Data were collected on a weekly basis and analysed through statistics 8.1. ANOVA of the population of sucking pests indicated that urea fertilizer significantly fluctuated the population of the cotton jassid, whitefly. Moreover, Duncan,s Multiple Range tests indicated that the population of sucking pests have elevated at the maximum level of urea fertilizer. This study would be helpful for the farmers for the appropriate use of fertilizer for crop production as well as crop protection.
Climate Change May Bring about Increased Problems of Invasive Plants
Authors: R Labrada
Published: August 2022

According to the report of synthesis of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), whose scientists won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 “Climate change is unequivocal”, and scientific observations show an increase of air and ocean temperature and the widespread melting of snow and ice.
Cacao Root Decay (Caused by Rosellinia Pepo) in Colombia
Authors: G Cubillos
Published: August 2022

Root decay is a disease that causes the death of the cacao and shade trees affected and slowly disseminates forming patches of dead trees within the crop. It is caused by Rosellinia spp. but in Colombia the most common specie is Rosellinia pepo. Although cultural control is the recommended practice, however, the results and costs of the work limit its acceptance for the cacao producer. Then, it is necessary to seek other control methods and within them the effect of soil dissinfectans like Formaldhyde and Sodium Hypoclorite and others applied on the soil surface they can be good alternatives.
Evaluation of Millet Bran for Yield, Proximate and Phytochemical Compounds as Influenced by Varieties and Processing Methods in Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Y Na-Allah
Published: August 2022

In this study, millet bran from three millet varieties (Gero, Maiwa and Gajaga) obtained from the traditional (manual) and modern (mechanized) processing methods were evaluated for proximate and some phytochemical compounds. The 3 x 2 treatments were factorially combined and laid out in complete randomized design (CRD) each replicated three times. Two measures (about 5 kg) each of Gero, Maiwa and Gajaga millet varieties were purchased from the grain section of Sokoto central market and divided into two equal parts, which were processed separately, using the traditional (manual) and modern (mechanized) processing methods. The bran obtained after milling from each of the millet variety and processing methods were air dried and weighed to obtain the bran yield expressed as percentage of weight of the millet sample used. The air dried bran samples were then evaluated for proximate and some phytochemical compounds using standard procedures. The results obtained showed that the DM of brans from manually processed millet varieties were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the mechanically processed. The DM content of Gajaga millet bran was highest with (97.6%) followed by maiwa (94.2%) and the lowest in DM was gero with (93.8%). The CP of manually milled variety is higher compared to mechanized. The CP of maiwa and Gajaga (8.1%) and (8.0%) are higher than gero (5.2%). low CF was recorded at manually milled varieties. The CF of maiwa which is (5.8%) is the highest. Follow by Gero and Gajaga which are (5.2%) and (5.2%) respectively. Higher content of EE was recorded at manually milled varieties. Gero and Gajaga has the higher EE of (3.3%) respectively compared to Maiwa (1.1%). The NFE recorded was higher at mechanized processed varieties. Gajaga has the highest NFE (85.6%), while Gero has the lowest of (70.4%). Higher content of Ash was also recorded at manually milled varieties. Maiwa has the highest Ash (6%) content, followed by Gero (5.6%). Out of six antinutritional compound analysed, phytate shows the highest percentage in all the varieties. The content of phytate ranges between (1.66g/100g) and (1.35g/100g) followed by oxalate which also ranges between (1.28g/100g) and (1.15g/100g). Alkaloid is the most limiting anti-nutritional compounds which ranges between (0.25%) and (0.16%). The result showed higher content of phenol in the mechanically produced brans of Gero and Maiwa, while higher value was recorded in the manually processed bran of Gajaga. The result also showed that phytate is the highest anti-nutritional compounds in millet bran, while alkaloid is the least anti-nutritional compound in millet bran.
Changes in the Physical and Chemical Properties of an Ultisol in Response to Short Term Fertilizer Management
Authors: Egbebi Iyiola Adams
Published: August 2022

The study investigated the short term effects of organomineral and inorganic fertilizers on the physicochemical properties of an Ultisol. The experimental site is a maize plantation of the Teaching and Research Farm, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria that received mineral fertilizers applied as 400 kg NPK ha-1, 1300 kg Urea ha-1 and 680 kg SSP ha-1 and organomineral fertilizer applied as 1700 kg OF ha-1 arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with five replicates. Surface soil was sampled from 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil depth for laboratory analyses and selected soil properties were determined while the hydraulic conductivity and the soil strength were determined in-situ. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance; Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test was used to separate significant means at p < 0.05. The results indicated high significant difference for organomineral fertilizer treatment on the bulk density at the topsoil. Organomineral fertilizer also had significant effect on soil hydraulic conductivity at the topsoil (2.2 x 10-7) compared with control plot. Combined application of organomineral fertilizer and urea significantly increased the nitrogen content of the topsoil. It was concluded that the Organomineral fertilizer improved the fertility status and hydraulic property of the soil
Physical and Engineering Properties of Some Nigerian Sweet Potato Roots [Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam]
Authors: AA Obomeghei
Published: August 2022

Several varieties of sweet potato are being cultivated by many countries of the world including Nigeria. Data on physical and engineering properties required for the design and fabrication of handling and processing equipment for these important horticultural produce are either few or non-available. In this study the proximate composition and several physical and engineering properties of four popular varieties of Nigerian sweet potato (size, shape, mass, weight, volume, surface area, density, sphericity, latent heat, specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity) were determined using standard procedures. The surface areas for orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), yellow fleshed sweet potato (YFSP), purple fleshed sweet potato (PFSP) and white fleshed sweet potato (WFSP) are 2.36±0.30, 2.92±0.29, 2.43±0.41 and 1.97±0.19 (×104 mm2 ) respectively. The geometric mean diameter obtained are 82.02±5.43, 95.17±4.61, 84.33±8.27 and 77.03±4.02 mm for OFSP, YFSP, PFSP and WFSP respectively. The values for sphericity were OFSP, 54.15±3.00; YFSP, 55.82±4.55; PFSP, 59.31±4.15 and WFSP, 54.75±1.58 %. The latent heat ranged between 198.08±0.71 and 272.10±0.33 KJKg-1. Orange fleshed sweet potato had the highest thermal conductivity of 0.55±0.001 Wm-1K-1.while purple fleshed and white fleshed sweet potato had the lowest value of 0.44±0.001 Wm-1K-1. The specific heat capacity values were OFSP, 3.69±0.03; YFSP, 3.18±0.01; PFSP, 3.11±0.01 and WFSP, 3.11±0.02 KJ Kg-1K-1. Properties such as major diameters, intermediate diameters, sphericities, aspect ratio, unit volume, unit mass and unit weight were found not to be statistically different at P ≤ 0.05 ±SD.
Alleys - Monuments of Nature Element of the Rural Landscape
Authors: Zawadka Joanna Pietrzak
Published: August 2022

Roadside alleys are an example of an extremely harmonious combination of culture and nature. They are an important element of the cultural landscape, a work of human hands derived from the palace (residential) culture. As a cluster of live trees that play an important role in the natural world, important as migration corridors and important refuges for many species of plants and animals. Roadside alleys are also a unique element of the rural landscape. For centuries they were planted not only for their aesthetic value, but also for practical reasons. emphasized the rank and prestige of access roads, determined the compositional axes of park and palace systems, indicated the route in winter. In addition, they were a source of fruit and wood, honey. They played important landscape functions, shielding them from the sun, wind or rain. The paper presents species diversity of alleys recognized as monuments of nature in Poland.
Sustainable Wheat Based Crop Rotation System in Tropical
Authors: Admas Almaz
Published: August 2022

Cropping systems in the Ethiopian highlands consist primarily of cereals in rotation with grain legume and oilseed crops. Bread Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) is the dominant crop in wheat belt of Ethiopia and its production is mainly challenged by continuous wheat cropping year after year. Verification of wheat based crop rotation was conducted in Aris zone during 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. The objective was to break down wheat monoculture and thereby enhance productivity and sustainability of wheat-based farming systems. Rotational crops included rapeseed (Brassica carinata L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and continuous wheat. In second trail, the aforementioned three rotations were arranged with three levels of N fertilizer viz. recommended N, 75 and 50% of the recommended N in split plot design with three replications. Recommended rate of phosphorus fertilizer was applied for all treatments. Results indicated that faba bean and rapeseed wheat rotation increased wheat grain yield by 80% and 84 % cf. continuous wheat cropping, respectively. Rapeseed has been found better in controlling grass weed than faba bean. Demonstration of faba bean in the rotation enabled small-scale wheat farmers to use Rhizobium inoculants with appropriate inoculation techniques. Results of faba bean wheat rotation and fertilizer rate study indicated that there was no significant difference between wheat yields obtained from 100% and 75% recommended N fertilizer application. Hence, when faba bean wheat rotation is practiced 25% of the N fertilizer can be saved.
Effects of Agroforestry on Household Food Security as Perceived by Rural Women Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: SO Nwozuzu
Published: August 2022

The study analyzed the effects of agroforestry on household food security status as perceived by rural women farmers in Imo state Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample sample size of 270 rural women farmers. Data were collected from the respondents using interview schedule. Data were analyzed using percentages, mean static and standard deviations. The result also showed that the effect of agroforestry on household food security status of rural women farmers was high with a grand mean of 2.95, and the rural women farmers in the state were foods secured with a grand mean of 2.52 obtained from the mean score of the table which was above the discriminating index on 2.5, The result also showed that the effect of agroforestry on household food security status of rural women farmers was high with a grand mean of 2.95, We recommend that agroforestry practices be promoted and recommended to all framers who wish to maintain stable food security status in meeting family demands.
Bioremidiation Potential of Pleurotus Ostreatus (Jacquin; Fries) P. Kummer: A Case of Agro-Wastes in Umudike Abia State
Authors: Amadioha AC
Published: August 2022

Biodegradation of agricultural wastes that constitute major source of environmental hazards and pollution by Pleurotus ostreatus is of importance in bioremediation of plant organic residues. Different agro-wastes; saw dust (SD), sugarcane baggasse (SB) and maize stalk (MS) and in combination (SD+MS, SD+SB, SB+MS, SD+MS+SB), were used to investigate the polysaccharide degrading potentials of P. ostreatus at the Department of Plant Health Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State. The fungus significantly (P<0.05) degraded the hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin contents of the substrates though to varying degrees. The loss of polysaccharide content of the test substrates due to the fungus ranged as follows; hemicelluloses, from 20.64% with MS substrate to 48.92% with SB substrate; cellulose from 24.06% with SD substrate to 41.92% with SB substrate and lignin content from 4.01 % with MS substrate to 27.45% with SD substrate. The average delignification of the substrate polysaccharides by P. ostreatus was highest with SB substrate (37.86%), followed by SD+SB substrate (31.76%) and SD substrate (27.56%). This not only showed the ability of P. ostreatus to degrade agricultural wastes efficiently and grow at a wide range of substrates but also a potent organism capable of biodegrading and detoxifying a wide range of wastes and pollutants.
Searching for potential multi-hazard events during the last 1.5 million years of the Pleistocene epoch
Authors: Bradak Balazs , Gomez Christopher , Kereszturi Ákos , Stevens Thomas
Published: August 2022

Increasing attention has been paid to multi-hazards in environmental disaster studies produced during the last decade. Multi-hazard studies focus on the occurrence, interaction and effect of several natural hazards in the same region. Despite the increasing number of multi-hazard studies, few investigations have focused on global-scale multi-hazard events. With the aim of closing this gap, our study focuses on the identification of periods during the last 1.5 million years of the Pleistocene epoch, with the quasi-parallel appearance of natural hazards (e.g., asteroid impacts and large volcanic eruptions with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 8 and 7) amplifying their individual effects and thus causing long-term, global-scale changes. Of the seven identified potential multi-hazard events, three were considered as possible global-scale events with a longer term environmental (paleoclimatic) impact; dated to c.a., 1.4 Ma (marine isotope stage – MIS45), 1.0 Ma (MIS 27), and 100 ka (MIS 5c), respectively. Two additional periods (around 50 and 20 ka) were identified as being associated with more restricted scale multi-hazard events, which might cause a “Little Ice Age-like” climatic episode in the history of the Pleistocene Period. In addition, we present a hypothesis about the complex climatic response to a global-scale multi-hazard event consisting of a series of asteroid impacts and volcanic eruption linked to a geomagnetic polarity change, namely the Matuyama-Brunhes Boundary, which might be accompanied by global cooling and result in the final step of the Early Middle Pleistocene Transition.
Coastal Vulnerability Study on Potential Impact of Tsunami and Community Resilience in Pacitan Bay East Java
Authors: Hidayah Zainul , Rohmah Nur Nazilatul , Wardhani Maulinna Kusumo
Published: August 2022

Collisions or harsh shifting of earth plates accompanied by an earthquake in the ocean would pose a potential tsunami. The coastal area in Pacitan Bay East Java faces directly to the Indian Ocean and is prone to tsunami disasters. This study aims to determine the vulnerability level of the area and the resilience of coastal communities against tsunamis. The geographic Information System (GIS) method was used in this study. This study applied weighted overlay calculation with four components: elevation, slope, and distance from the beach and the river to measure the vulnerability level. Moreover, Coastal Community Resilience (CCR) method was applied to measure the predictive response of the communities. The results indicated that most of the area in Pacitan Bay (79,70%) was categorised into high to very high vulnerable against tsunamis. The CCR results showed the low index structure design and post-disaster recovery elements.
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET ARANG DENGAN VARIASI TEKANAN KEMPA PEMBRIKETAN
Authors: Puspita Dewi Rany , Jaya Saputra Trisma , Joko Purnomo Sigit
Published: August 2022

Biomass is often considered as a material that is lacking or even uneconomical. Biomass that is abundantly available in Indonesia is sawdust and coconut shell waste. This number has not been used maximally, this is because both wastes tend to be disposed of directly into the environment and can cause environmental pollution. Briquetting technology is one of method which can be implemented to increase the added value by producing briquettes. Many factors affect the quality of briquettes, one of which is the pressure of the briquette press. The pressure of the briquette press affects the durability and cohesiveness of briquettes. The aim of this research was to specify the effect of compression pressure on calorific value, ash content, and water content of briquettes. The research was conducted by varying the briquetting compression pressure, namely 1500 psi, 2000 psi, and 3000 psi. It has been done by several main stages, namely the carbonization process, the manufacture of charcoal briquettes, and test analysis. Charcoal briquettes have an average heating value of 6386.377 cal/g, 1.136% moisture content, and 6.659% ash content at a compression pressure of 1500 psi. At a compression pressure of 2000 psi, charcoal briquettes have an average heating value of 6672.601 cal/g, 1.110% moisture content, and 5.419% ash content. Meanwhile, at the compression pressure of 3000 psi charcoal briquettes have an average heating value of 6685.144 cal/g, 1.288% water content, and 6.627% ash content. Charcoal briquettes produced by varying the pressure of the briquetting press have met the quality standard of SNI 01-6235-2000 briquettes. The most optimum compression pressure for charcoal briquetting obtained in this study was 2000 psi.
THE EFFECT OF THERMAL ANNEALING BETWEEN GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE AND CRYSTALLIZATION TEMPERATURE ON DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY OF 3D PRINTED PART
Authors: Suteja The Jaya , Evan Michael , Tjandra Sunardi
Published: August 2022

The dimensional accuracy of a 3D printed part affects the function, strength, and assembly process of the part. This study aims to determine the effect of the implementation of thermal annealing process on the dimensional accuracy of Polylactic Acid parts printed by Fused Filament Fabrication. This research uses 32 factorial design methodology with two replications. Two investigated parameters of the thermal annealing process are the annealing temperature and the holding time. The annealing temperature is set between the glass transition temperature and the crystallization temperature, which are 65 °C, 75 °C, and 85 °C. The holding times used are 45 minutes, 60 minutes, and 75 minutes. The response of this research is the dimensional deviation in the X, Y, and Z directions. Based on the experiment result, it was found that the use of higher annealing temperature increases the X, Y, and Z-direction deviations. The analysis result indicates that the use of annealing temperature slightly above the glass transition temperature results in a low degree of crystallization but produces higher dimensional accuracy than annealing temperature below the crystallization temperature. While the use of a holding time of 60 minutes increases the deviation in the X and Z directions but decreases the deviation in the Y direction.
NOISE EFFECTS USING TRANSITION METAL CATALYTIC CONVERTER CHROME-COATED COPPER ON FOUR STROKE MOTORCYCLES
Authors: Ariyanto Sudirman Rizki , Cahyadi Wahyu Robby , Hadi Bagas Surya , Warju Warju , Pratama Muhammad Yandi
Published: August 2022

Over the past few years, the Transition Metal Catalytic Converter (TMCC) has become a standard of the exhaust system of internal combustion engines. Besides being used to reduce exhaust emissions, TMCC also has a certain effect on the noise produced. In this study, the effect of noise in the use of TMCC chrome plated copper (CuCr) was investigated. The noise test was carried out in two conditions with the same vehicle, by using a 2005 Honda Supra Fit with standard exhaust conditions and using TMCC CuCr. Noise testing was carried out based on the ISO/FDIS 5130 standard, and then the results were compared with the noise standard regulated in Permen LH No. 7 of 2009. The findings show that the use of TMCC CuCr is less efficient in reducing the vehicle noise. This is proven from the comparison results which show that on average the TMCC CuCr exhaust tends to be 10% louder than the standard exhaust. The noise test results show that the measured noise at RPM 5000 is 82.2 dBA for standard exhaust and 95.4 dBA for TMCC CuCr exhaust, while the noise standard stipulated in Ministerial Regulation No. 7 of 2009 is only 90 dBA. Through these results, it can be concluded that the use of TMCC CuCr exhaust does not accordance with the government standards and included in "Not Passed Noise Test" category.
Firm capacity of PV+STG systems
Authors: J.A. Tejero  , A.A. Bayod-Rújula  , M. Haro Larrodé
Published: August 2022

The security of supply becomes a key variable of the electrical system. Due to the discontinuity of solar irradiance, PV generators are essentially not dispatchable and they operate only when there is solar resource but cannot ensure their availability when the energy is needed, so PV systems are considered having a null capacity credit. Energy storage is considered a key for the power sector and its sustainability and different options need to be exploited. The objective of this paper is analyse the optimum size of the required battery, its relations with the peak power of the generation system and the optimum operation setpoint of a PV+STG system for providing firm capacity
Electricity consumption analysis for university buildings. Empirical approach for University of Castilla-La Mancha, campus Albacete (Spain)
Authors: Paula Bastida-Molina  , Juan Torres-Navarro  , Andrés Honrubia-Escribano  , Emilio Gómez Lázaro
Published: August 2022

New global situation is boosting the necessity of analysing electricity consumption of university buildings, mainly motived by the exorbitant increase in electricity prices. In this regard, knowing such demand aims at three goals: i) to reduce their consumption, ii) to increase energy efficiency and iii) to develop solar PV installations. Very few research has previously analysed aggregated energy data for educational buildings, and none have studied detailed real electricity consumption in terms of hourly data, which results of utmost relevance, especially for the development of solar PV installations in these environments. Our research tackles this issue and provides a complete methodology to analyse electrical energy and hourly data consumption in university buildings, based on electricity indicators and patterns. The research has been applied to the University of Castilla-La Mancha, in Spain. A complete year data base (2021) of real power and electrical energy consumption of the whole campus has been collected and analysed, with an hourly scale. Results revealed that Biomedical Complex corresponds to the highest load demanding building of the campus (2770 MWh, 43% of the total campus). Outcomes also disclosed an annual high consumption base of 250 kWh for this building, together with 6 different seasonality patterns and 2 annual daily patterns.
Portable Automatic Sensing System for Sustainable Precision Farm
Authors: J. Galvão  , J. Fernandes  , D. Pereira  , M. Galvão  , F. Neves
Published: August 2022

Taking into account the world´s growing population and climate change, there is a need to decarbonize production processes and, in particular, intensive cultures carried out in greenhouses. There is a need to boost the energy and water efficiency of these cyber-physical systems, taking into account human consumption or floriculture, as well as European Community (EEC) and United Nations agreements and pledges, such as the European Green Deal (EGD) or the REPowerEU Plan [1,2] t is critical to develop systems that use integrated models to control these sorts of intense production, collect physical variable factors more efficiently, and achieve improved and zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Finally, it is crucial for a digitalization in these intensive crops, in precision farm or greenhouses. The main objective of this work focuses on the conception of a portable automatic sensing system (PASS) for pH, electroconductivity and water flow, to control irrigation water quality in precision farm/greenhouses. The data collected by these sensors are made available in a mobile app for consultation by the operator. Another objective will be the local production of electrical and thermal energy from renewable sources (solar and biomass), hybrid systems and the use of cogeneration to supply energy to the greenhouse. A sustainable product policy also has the potential to reduce waste significantly.
Adaptive Dead Time Compensation for Continuous Cross-Period Single Phase-Shift Control of Dual Active Bridge Converters
Authors: Szabolcs Veréb  , András Futó  , Zoltán Sütő  , Attila Balogh  , István Varjasi
Published: August 2022

The load transient response of a power converter is an important property, especially in a test equipment application. The dynamic behavior of a dual active bridge converter mainly depends on the switching frequency, the transformer leakage inductance, and the capacitor bank size. Using the Continuous Cross-Period Single Phase-Shift control, an excellent load transient response can be achieved without the need for expensive hardware components. However, in practical applications, the switch delay and the required inserted dead time distort the current waveform, increasing the electromagnetic noise and reducing the effectiveness of the regulation. In this paper, an adaptive dead time compensation technique is presented, which eliminates such phenomenon. The effects of dead time are analyzed, and mathematical formulas are derived, from which the adaptive compensation technique is formalized. The algorithm is implemented on a TMS320F28075 DSP and tested in a HIL environment. The study revealed that the proposed adaptive technique could mitigate the current waveform distortions.
Selecting automation techniques of lighting and air conditioning for inner enclosures considering warm tropical climate: a case study
Authors: J. Florez-Reyes  , G. Osma-Pinto  , G Ordoñez-Plata
Published: August 2022

Overall, the intervention on buildings on university facilities presents a lack of design criteria oriented to the rational use of energy (RUE), which can reduce electricity consumption between 20% and 40%. In particular, the selection of lighting and air conditioning systems in buildings is limited to the choice of efficient equipment. A process of classification of control and automation techniques have developed as a base for the computing of the electrical load associated with lighting and air conditioning systems. This article presents an interface based on Microsoft Excel® for evaluation, classification, and validation criteria for the control and automation of RUE-oriented applications. In particular, the results of the implementation of the software are set to evaluate different inner spaces like classrooms, offices, and auditoriums, among others. As a case study, several techniques of control and automation for lighting and refrigeration are analyzed for a classroom and an office considering specific warm tropical microclimate, physical characteristics, operation schedules, and operation characteristics.
Pin-hole free MAPb0.75 Sn0.25(I0.5Br0.5)3 films spin casted without anti solvent by adding MAAc additive to Perovskite ink
Authors: C. Q. Howlader  , N. Khakurel  , D.W. Amyx  , W. Geerts  , G. Gibson  , M. Chen
Published: August 2022

To start the crystallization of the tin (Sn) based perovskite materials, anti-solvent treatment is a useful technique. But the use of anti-solvents increases the complexity of the deposition process thus hinders the applicability in mass production processes. Here we have developed an anti-solvent free MAPb0.75Sn0.25(I0.50Br0.50)3 perovskite thin film deposition method based on a one step spin coating process. Addition of 0 - 100 mol% of methylammonium acetate (MAAc) to the precursor ink allows for the deposition of continuous films. Films casted from ink with less than 60 mol% MAAc show pinholes and are rough. A decent crystalline and pin-hole free perovskite thin film can be obtained from 60 or more mol% MAAc additive. These results are confirmed by XRD, AFM and SEM measurements. MAPb0.75Sn0.25(I0.50Br0.50)3 has a wide bandgap and is currently being considered for applications in tandem solar cells and under water solar cells.
Resilient Smart Grid Under Cyber Switching Attacks Using Distributed Energy Storage Systems
Authors: M. Badawi El Najjar  , M. El Hassan  , C. Gebran
Published: August 2022

Throughout the fourth industrial revolution, power systems are evolving into smart grids including intelligent communication networks and smart meters to operate a new “two way power and information flows”. One of the main new concerns of the smart grid is its cyber-security to prevent cyber-attacks. These attacks, such as the switching attacks, can cause physical disturbances and blackouts targeting a generator in the power system destabilizing it. The energy storage systems implemented to improve the reliability of the power grid are also used to achieve the switching attacks and drive the corresponding generator out of stability. The impact of such an attack is simulated on the IEEE 39-Bus system using Power World Simulator and MATLAB. Based on the evaluation of the results and the attacker signature, different counterattack schemes are studied and performed using the available distributed energy storage systems. This is to enhance the performance of the system and to maintain its stability and reliable operation.
PWM Inverter with 4-Phase Carrier for Grid Connection Via Combined LCL Filter
Authors: Hyeon-Dong Kim  , Seong-Jeub Jeon
Published: August 2022

A PWM power conversion system connected to a grid through parallel-combined LCL filter is proposed in this paper. The system has four inverters paralleled and operates with PWM using 4-phase carrier for powering up and performance improvement. Four LCL filters have four separate filter inductors connected to individual inverters and one common LC filter which is composed of a filter capacitor and a grid inductor. The differential mode current circulates only through four inverters and four filter inductors. The differential mode current is completely eliminated from the filter capacitor and the connected power grid. Accordingly, performance improvement can be achieved since the current in the filter capacitor is reduced and the harmonic current into a grid is reduced. An 1.3kW single phase prototype system has been constructed and tested, and the proposed system has been verified.
A model for optimum prioritisation of energy storage use. I: Optimum local use of local generation
Authors: W.-G. Früh  , C. Trigg  , R. Jacob
Published: August 2022

Modelling the operation of energy storage systems such as batteries in an energy model is challenging as it requires estimation of current and future imbalances between supply and demand and the value of energy stored and later returned to the system. Here, an approach is developed which optimally prioritises the provision of stored energy to the system according to a specified criterion such as time-of-use tariff. At this stage, the model assumes perfect knowledge of future supply and demand as well as a hierarchy of utility to the system operator. Such an operator would specify a ranked list of times of need from the energy storage. The model will then allocate available energy from earlier times while reserving necessary space in the available storage. By progressing through the times of need in ranked order, the model ensures best optimum use of the stored energy. The results show that the proposed method is very robust and can calculate reliably the potential of an energy storage system in any energy model based on time steps of balancing generation and demand with the mediation of storage.
Impacts of Electric Vehicles on Distribution System Planning and Operation
Authors: T. Al-Abri  , M. Albadi
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, the use of electric vehicles (EVs) is becoming more popular due to technological improvements. Along with their ancillary services to the grid as a storage element, the integration of EVs into distribution systems (DSs) will definitely have impacts on the DS security and power quality in both vehicle to grid (V2G) and grid to vehicle (G2V) modes of operation. Hence, DSs’ planners and operators should regulate the integration of EVs and address relevant challenges for a reliable and efficient system. This paper surveys recent literature on the impacts of EVs on DSs considering the presence of renewable based distributed generation (Re-DG). The paper summarizes potential services provided by EVs and identifies the potential impacts.
Energy resilience in buildings for hot tropical climate conditions: A review
Authors: J. Flórez-Reyes  , G. Osma-Pinto
Published: August 2022

Buildings allow satisfying several needs of society, although their construction and use imply significant energy consumption and pollutant emissions. In general, they experience temporary or permanent events that could affect the conditions of well-being, safety, and use of equipment in interior spaces from an energy perspective. It is expected that the building can respond to such events by its design features (passive response) or by its systems (active response), which is studied from the energy resilience approach. However, there is little research on this topic. Therefore, this paper conducts a literature review covering definitions, assessment strategies, and case studies, particularly for the tropical zone, to identify and socialize the most relevant findings to facilitate future research.
An anti-islanding protection based on RoCoF compliant with ENTSO-E and IEC 62116
Authors: D. Cañete  , S. Martín-Arroyo  , M. García-Gracia  , A. Llamazares  , I. Sáez
Published: August 2022

In case of unintentional islanding, distributed generation units must be able to detect it and disconnect from the grid in less than 2 seconds. In this work, a Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) method has been developed for islanding detection. Since these algorithms are conditioned by the requirements of grid codes, ENTSO-E network code and IEC 62116 have been taken into account. The RoCoF anti-islanding algorithm has been developed in MATLAB-Simulink and implemented through rapid prototyping techniques in an FPGA ALTERA Cyclone V. To check the proposed protection algorithm, simulation tests have been carried out. Finally, the RoCoF anti-islanding protection has been validated using FPGA in the loop and experimentally in a real 20 kW inverter.
A nested decision tree for event detection in smart grids
Authors: J. Turanzas  , M. Alonso  , H. Amaris  , J. Gutierrez  , S. Pastrana
Published: August 2022

Digitalization process experienced by traditional power networks towards smart grids extend the challenges faced by power grid operators to the field of cybersecurity. False data injection attacks, one of the most common cyberattacks in smart grids, could lead the power grid to sabotage itself. In this paper, an event detection algorithm for cyberattack in smart grids is developed based on a decision tree. In order to find the most accurate algorithm, two different decision trees with two different goals have been trained: one classifies the status of the network, corresponding to an event, and the other will classify the location where the event is detected. To train the decision trees, a dataset made by co-simulating a power network and a communication network has been used. The decision trees are going to be compared in different settings by changing the division criteria, the dataset used to train them and the misclassification cost. After looking at their performance independently, the best way to combine them into a single algorithm is presented.
Effect of temperature and the Carbon-Nitrogen (C/N) ratio on methane production through anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure and Jatropha seed cake
Authors: X. Álvarez-Montero  , I. Mercado-Reyes  , D. Valdez-Solórzano  , E. Santos Ordoñez  , E. Delgado Plaza  , J. Peralta-Jaramillo
Published: August 2022

Anaerobic digestion is a method of agricultural residue transformation used in bioenergy, making these activities energy efficient. However, it can be limited on a larger scale by the availability and diversity of organic residues related to carbon-nitrogen (C/N). Therefore, the anaerobic co-digestion of bovine manure and Jatropha seed cake (Jatropha curcas) were evaluated, with three different C/N ratios, under two conditions: mesophilic (30ºC) and thermophilic (50ºC). Biodigesters were mounted with three replicates for each C/N ratio. The highest production of CH4 was registered after 30 days of processing in the thermophilic condition (C/N 25:1) with 633.95 ± 5.59 mL of CH4 g-1 VS. In contrast, the lowest production was in the mesophilic condition (C/N 20:1) with 208.66 ± 2.61 mL of CH4 g-1 VS. The feasibility of co-digestion of agricultural residues in the production of CH4 as a possible bioenergetic alternative demonstrated.
Optimization for vibration analysis in rotating machines
Authors: J. Alan Calderón Ch.  , Julio C. Tafur Sotelo  , Benjamín Barriga Gamarra  , Jorge Alencastre  , John Lozano  , Rodrigo Urbizagástegui  , Gonzalo Solano  , Daniel Menacho
Published: August 2022

A not stable mechanical movement transmission between systems produces equilibrium losses, such as a rotor of motors that are coupled in rotating machines. This can be studied as a disturbance “vibration” either as characteristic of the movement transmission due to controlled displacement over rotors, which transmits the movement. Therefore, in this research is presented an analysis for an optimal control of the rotor axis displacement that includes “vibration” as the part of the movement transmission. It implies mathematical modelling and specific sensors selections to correlate the vibration in this control task. Furthermore, in order to verify the proposed analysis, it was simulated and tested in a hybrid magnetic bearing system.
Impact of the incorporation of photovoltaics distributed generation in electric distribution grids in Ecuador
Authors: X. Serrano-Guerrero  , B. Marín-Toro  , C. Ochoa-Malhaber  , A. Barragán-Escandón
Published: August 2022

The distributed generation (DG) allows electricity production to be closer to consumers, relieving the burden on distribution grid feeders. Interest in DG has increased in recent years due to its close relationship with smart grids and the development of carbon-free generation technologies. The Ciudad del Sol feeder in the city of Machala in Ecuador is one of the feeders with the highest electricity demand. This study evaluates the incorporation of DG in several consumers connected to this feeder. Depending on the range of energy consumption of each customer, different PV systems are proposed to meet their demands. The results of the study show that the installation of PV generation systems allows considerable savings on the electricity bill. In addition, the reduction of grid demand reduces Joule effect losses and improves voltage profiles. The results suggest that the massive incorporation of correctly dimensioned PV systems does not affect the operating conditions of a distribution power grid.
Sizing of a Hybrid Energy System for Al Mazyouna Area
Authors: Abdulmajeed Al Wahaibi  , Abdullah Al Badi
Published: August 2022

Natural gas and diesel currently are the main fuel for electrical power generation in Oman. Decreasing the dependence on national gas and diesel is one of the main goals for Oman’s vision of 2040. This paper discusses the optimum design of a hybrid stand-alone power generation system for the power station of Al-Mazyouna located west of Dhofar governorate using HOMER Pro Software. Real load data and solar radiation of Al-Mazyouna were utilized in the modelling approach. Different scenarios of power systems were investigated, using mainly, diesel generators, PV solar panels, and storage batteries to reach an optimal solution. The main factors that were considered to decide the wining setup of a power system are the net present cost, cost of energy and the amount of emissions. The optimum scenario resulted in a net present cost of $84.8 M and a cost of energy of $0.161/kWh compared to a net present cost of $99.4M and a cost of energy of $0.188/kWh for the current system. Additionally, the optimum scenario system limits toxic emissions significantly compared to the base system. The results of the winning scenario showed that the emitted quantities of harmful gases are all reduced by about 28% compared to the base system.