bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing fish prey diversity for a critically endangered aquatic mammal in a reserve and the wild using eDNA metabarcoding
Authors: Qu Chanjuan , Stewart Kathryn A. , Clemente-Carvalho Rute , Zheng Jinsong , Wang Yuxiang , Gong Cheng , Ma Limin , Zhao Jianfu , Lougheed Stephen C.
Published: October 2020

Using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, we compared fish diversity in two distinct water bodies within the Yangtze River Basin with known populations of the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis; YFP): the Tian-e-Zhou Reserve and Poyang Lake. We aimed to create a fish surveying tool for use in the Yangtze River Basin, while also gaining a better understanding of the prey distribution and diversity within two of the remaining strongholds of YFP. 16S rRNA universal primers were developed to amplify fish eDNA. After high-throughput sequencing and stringent data filtering, we identified a total of 75 fish species (6 orders, 9 families, 57 genera) across seasons and regions. Nine of the 75 fish species were among the 28 known YFP prey species, three of which were detected in all water samples. Our eDNA metabarcoding identified many species that had been previously captured using traditional netting practices, but also numerous species not previously collected in these water bodies. Fish diversity was higher in Poyang Lake than in Tian-e-Zhou Reserve, as well as higher in the spring than in summer. These methods provide a broadly applicable tool to quantify fish diversity and distributions throughout the Yangtze River Basin, and to inform conservation strategies of YFP.
Modeling circadian regulation of ovulation timing: age-related disruption of estrous cyclicity
Authors: Ohara Takayuki , Nakamura Takahiro J. , Nakamura Wataru , Tokuda Isao T.
Published: October 2020

The circadian clocks within the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis control estrous cycles in female rodents. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), where the central clock is located, generates daily signals to trigger surge release of luteinizing hormone (LH), which in turn induces ovulation. It has been observed in aged rodents that output from the SCN such as neuronal firing activity is declined, and estrous cycles become irregular and finally stop. Circadian clock mutants display accelerated reproductive aging, suggesting the complicated interplay between the circadian system and the endocrine system. To investigate such circadian regulation of estrous cycles, we construct a mathematical model that describes dynamics of key hormones such as LH and of circadian clocks in the SCN and in the ovary, and simulate estrous cycles for various parameter values. Our simulation results demonstrate that reduction of the amplitude of the SCN signal, which is a symptom of aging, makes estrous cycles irregular. We also show that variation in the phase of the SCN signal and changes in the period of ovarian circadian clocks exacerbates the aging effect on estrous cyclicity. Our study suggests that misalignment between the SCN and ovarian circadian oscillations is one of the primary causes of the irregular estrous cycles.
ATP modulates SLC7A5 (LAT1) synergistically with cholesterol
Authors: Cosco Jessica , Scalise Mariafrancesca , Colas Claire , Galluccio Michele , Martini Riccardo , Rovella Filomena , Mazza Tiziano , Ecker Gerhard F. , Indiveri Cesare
Published: October 2020

The plasma membrane transporter hLAT1 is responsible for providing cells with essential amino acids. hLAT1 is over-expressed in virtually all human cancers making the protein a hot-spot in the fields of cancer and pharmacology research. However, regulatory aspects of hLAT1 biology are still poorly understood. A remarkable stimulation of transport activity was observed in the presence of physiological levels of cholesterol together with a selective increase of the affinity for the substrate on the internal site, suggesting a stabilization of the inward open conformation of hLAT1. A synergistic effect by ATP was also observed only in the presence of cholesterol. The same phenomenon was detected with the native protein. Altogether, the biochemical assays suggested that cholesterol and ATP binding sites are close to each other. The computational analysis identified two neighboring regions, one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic, to which cholesterol and ATP were docked, respectively. The computational data predicted interaction of the ϒ-phosphate of ATP with Lys 204, which was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. The hLAT1-K204Q mutant showed an impaired function and response to ATP. Interestingly, this residue is conserved in several members of the SLC7 family.
Receptor occupancy of dual glucagon-like peptide 1/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Eriksson Olof , Haack Torsten , Hijazi Youssef , Teichert Lenore , Tavernier Veronique , Laitinen Iina , Berglund Jan Erik , Antoni Gunnar , Velikyan Irina , Johansson Lars , Pierrou Stefan , Wagner Michael , Tillner Joachim
Published: October 2020

Unimolecular dual agonists for the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) and glucagon receptor (GCGR) are emerging as a potential new class of important therapeutics in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reliable and quantitative assessments of in vivo occupancy on each receptor would improve the understanding of the efficacy of this class of drugs. In this study we investigated the target occupancy of the dual agonist SAR425899 at the GLP1R in pancreas and GCGR in liver by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT). Patients with T2D were examined by [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-Tuna-2 and [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-Exendin4 by PET, to assess the GCGR in liver and GLP1R in pancreas, respectively. Follow up PET examinations were performed after 17 (GCGR) and 20 (GLP-1R) days of treatment with SAR425899, to assess the occupancy at each receptor. Six out of 13 included patients prematurely discontinued the study due to adverse events. SAR425899 at a dose of 0.2 mg daily demonstrated an average GCGR occupancy of 11.2 ± 14.4% (SD) in N = 5 patients and a GLP1R occupancy of 49.9 ± 13.3%. Fasting Plasma Glucose levels (− 3.30 ± 1.14 mmol/L) and body weight (− 3.87 ± 0.87%) were lowered under treatment with SAR425899. In conclusion, SAR425899 demonstrated strong interactions at the GLP1R, but no clear occupancy at the GCGR. The study demonstrates that quantitative target engagement of dual agonists can be assessed by PET.
Nesfatin-1 and nesfatin-1-like peptide suppress growth hormone synthesis via the AC/PKA/CREB pathway in mammalian somatotrophs
Authors: Vélez Emilio J. , Unniappan Suraj
Published: October 2020

Nesfatin-1 (NESF) and NESF-like peptide (NLP), encoded in nucleobindin 2 and 1 (NUCB2 and NUCB1), respectively, are orphan ligands and metabolic factors. We hypothesized that NESF and NLP suppress growth hormone (GH) synthesis, and aimed to determine whether mammalian somatotrophs are a source and site of action of these peptides. Using immortalized rat somatotrophs (GH3 cells), NUCB expression was determined by qPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot. NESF and NLP binding to GH3 cells was tested using fluorescence imaging. Both time- and concentration-dependent studies were performed to test whether NESF and NLP affect GH. Moreover, the ability of these peptides to modulate the effects of ghrelin, and cell-signaling pathways were studied. GH3 cells express NUCB mRNAs and protein. Labeled NESF and NLP bind to the surface of GH3 cells, and incubation with either NESF or NLP decreased GH mRNA and protein expression, downregulated pit-1 mRNA, and blocked the GH stimulatory effects of ghrelin. Pre-incubation with either of these peptides reduced CREB phosphorylation by an AC-activator, but not when PKA was directly activated by a cAMP analog. Our results indicate that rat somatotrophs are a source of NUCBs, and that NESF and NLP downregulate GH synthesis through the AC/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
Poor numerical performance of guppies tested in a Skinner box
Authors: Gatto Elia , Testolin Alberto , Bisazza Angelo , Zorzi Marco , Lucon-Xiccato Tyrone
Published: October 2020

We tested the hypothesis that part of the gap in numerical competence between fish and warm-blooded vertebrates might be related to the more efficient procedures (e.g. automated conditioning chambers) used to investigate the former and could be filled by adopting an adapted version of the Skinner box in fish. We trained guppies in a visual numerosity discrimination task, featuring two difficulty levels (3 vs. 5 and 3 vs. 4) and three conditions of congruency between numerical and non-numerical cues. Unexpectedly, guppies trained with the automated device showed a much worse performance compared to previous investigations employing more “ecological” procedures. Statistical analysis indicated that the guppies overall chose the correct stimulus more often than chance; however, their average accuracy did not exceed 60% correct responses. Learning measured as performance improvement over training was significant only for the stimuli with larger numerical difference. Additionally, the target numerosity was selected more often than chance level only for the set of stimuli in which area and number were fully congruent. Re-analysis of prior studies indicate that the gap between training with the Skinner box and with a naturalistic setting was present only for numerical discriminations, but not for colour and shape discriminations. We suggest that applying automated conditioning chambers to fish might increase cognitive load and therefore interfere with achievement of numerosity discriminations.
Highly sensitive optical ion sensor with ionic liquid-based colorimetric membrane/photonic crystal hybrid structure
Authors: Kawasaki Daiki , Oishi Ryoutarou , Kobayashi Nao , Mizuta Tatsumi , Sueyoshi Kenji , Hisamoto Hideaki , Endo Tatsuro
Published: October 2020

An ionic liquid-based thin (~ 1 µm) colorimetric membrane (CM) is a key nano-tool for optical ion sensing, and a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab (PCS) is an important nano-platform for ultimate light control. For highly sensitive optical ion sensing, this report proposes a hybrid of these two optical nano-elements, namely, a CM/PCS hybrid. This structure was successfully fabricated by a simple and rapid process using nanoimprinting and spin-coating, which enabled control of the CM thickness. Optical characterization of the hybrid structure was conducted by optical measurement and simulation of the reflection spectrum, indicating that the light confined in the holes of the PCS was drastically absorbed by the CM when the spectrum overlapped with the absorption spectrum of the CM. This optical property obtained by the hybridization of CM and PCS enabled drastic improvement in the absorption sensitivity in Ca ion sensing, by ca. 78 times compared to that without PCS. Experimental and simulated investigation of the relation between the CM thickness and absorption sensitivity enhancement suggested that the controlled light in the PCS enhanced the absorption cross-section of the dye molecules within the CM based on the enhanced local density of states. This highly sensitive optical ion sensor is expected to be applied for micro-scale bio-analysis like cell-dynamics based on reflectometric Ca ion detection.
Low cost Ti–Si intermetallic compound membrane with nano-pores synthesized by in-situ reactive sintering process
Authors: Liu Zhongjun , Liu Zhuomeng , Ji Shuai , Wang Gaosong
Published: October 2020

A low cost Ti–Si intermetallic compound membrane with nano-pores was successfully prepared by an in-situ reactive sintering process. The all synthesized membrane shows the presence of Ti, Ti5Si3, TiSi and TiO2 phases, and the Ti:Si atomic ratio of membrane is about 1.9. Two different synthesized granule configuration zones on membrane are observed. Membrane synthesized on the surface of Ti particles contains the mean sizes of both 631 nm nano-particles and 238 nm nano-pores, which is considerably different from that of membrane growing on top of the micro-pores of Ti matrix, 238 nm nano-particles and 80 nm nano-pores, respectively.
Estimating soil water retention for wide ranges of pressure head and bulk density based on a fractional bulk density concept
Authors: Sun Huihui , Lee Jaehoon , Chen Xijuan , Zhuang Jie
Published: October 2020

Soil water retention determines plant water availability and contaminant transport processes in the subsurface environment. However, it is usually difficult to measure soil water retention characteristics. In this study, an analytical model based on a fractional bulk density (FBD) concept was presented for estimating soil water retention curves. The concept allows partitioning of soil pore space according to the relative contribution of certain size fractions of particles to the change in total pore space. The input parameters of the model are particle size distribution (PSD), bulk density, and residual water content at water pressure head of 15,000 cm. The model was tested on 30 sets of water retention data obtained from various types of soils that cover wide ranges of soil texture from clay to sand and soil bulk density from 0.33 g/cm3 to 1.65 g/cm3. Results showed that the FBD model was effective for all soil textures and bulk densities. The estimation was more sensitive to the changes in soil bulk density and residual water content than PSD parameters. The proposed model provides an easy way to evaluate the impacts of soil bulk density on water conservation in soils that are manipulated by mechanical operation.
The impact of cultivation systems on the nutritional and phytochemical content, and microbiological contamination of highbush blueberry
Authors: Ochmian Ireneusz , Błaszak Magdalena , Lachowicz Sabina , Piwowarczyk Renata
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional and use value of berries grown in organic and conventional systems. The polyphenol content, fruit colour and firmness, and yeast, mould, and mycotoxin contents were assessed in blueberry fruit freshly harvested and stored for 8 weeks in controlled conditions (CA: CO2-12%; O2-1.5%, temperature 1.5 °C). The Shannon–Wiener diversity index was comparable in both systems and was lower for mould in organic fruit than in conventional fruit. Mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone) were found only in organic fruits. The optimal mineral content and pH of the soil allowed the cultivation of blueberry in accordance with organic standards. The storage of highbush blueberry fruit in CA cold storage for 8 weeks resulted in a slight deterioration in fruit quality and polyphenol content. The lower nutritional value of these fruits is compensated by the lack of pesticides and artificial fertilizers residues. The use of fungicides in conventional cultivation reduces the population of sensitive fungi and therefore reduces the contamination of fruits with mycotoxins.
Common evolutionary features of the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 in patients belonging to a transmission chain
Authors: Beretta Maxime , Migraine Julie , Moreau Alain , Essat Asma , Goujard Cécile , Chaix Marie-Laure , Drouin Aurélie , Bouvin-Pley Mélanie , Meyer Laurence , Barin Francis , Braibant Martine
Published: October 2020

The diversity of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) is largely a consequence of the pressure exerted by the adaptive immune response to infection. While it was generally assumed that the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response depended mainly on the infected individual, the concept that virus-related factors could be important in inducing this response has recently emerged. Here, we analyzed the influence of the infecting viral strain in shaping NAb responses in four HIV-1 infected subjects belonging to a transmission chain. We also explored the impact of NAb responses on the functional evolution of the viral quasispecies. The four patients developed a strong autologous neutralizing antibody response that drove viral escape and coincided with a parallel evolution of their infecting quasispecies towards increasing infectious properties, increasing susceptibility to T20 and increasing resistance to both CD4 analogs and V3 loop-directed NAbs. This evolution was associated with identical Env sequence changes at several positions in the V3 loop, the fusion peptide and the HR2 domain of gp41. The common evolutionary pattern of Env in different hosts suggests that the capacity of a given Env to adapt to changing environments may be restricted by functional constraints that limit its evolutionary landscape.
Publisher Correction: Moisture transverse moving mechanism during presteamed oak lumber drying
Authors: Li Chengyuan , Kang Chun-Won , Zhao Xue-Feng
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Repeated dose multi-drug testing using a microfluidic chip-based coculture of human liver and kidney proximal tubules equivalents
Authors: Lin Ni , Zhou Xiaobing , Geng Xingchao , Drewell Christopher , Hübner Juliane , Li Zuogang , Zhang Yingli , Xue Ming , Marx Uwe , Li Bo
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Long-term stress levels are synchronized in dogs and their owners
Authors: Sundman Ann-Sofie , Van Poucke Enya , Holm Ann-Charlotte Svensson , Faresjö Åshild , Theodorsson Elvar , Jensen Per , Roth Lina S. V.
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: A new species of early-diverging Sauropodiformes from the Lower Jurassic Fengjiahe Formation of Yunnan Province, China
Authors: de Fabrègues Claire Peyre , Bi Shundong , Li Hongqing , Li Gang , Yang Lei , Xu Xing
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Nrf2 contributes to the weight gain of mice during space travel
Authors: Suzuki Takafumi , Uruno Akira , Yumoto Akane , Taguchi Keiko , Suzuki Mikiko , Harada Nobuhiko , Ryoke Rie , Naganuma Eriko , Osanai Nanae , Goto Aya , Suda Hiromi , Browne Ryan , Otsuki Akihito , Katsuoka Fumiki , Zorzi Michael , Yamazaki Takahiro , Saigusa Daisuke , Koshiba Seizo , Nakamura Takashi , Fukumoto Satoshi , Ikehata Hironobu , Nishikawa Keizo , Suzuki Norio , Hirano Ikuo , Shimizu Ritsuko , Oishi Tetsuya , Motohashi Hozumi , Tsubouchi Hirona , Okada Risa , Kudo Takashi , Shimomura Michihiko , Kensler Thomas W. , Mizuno Hiroyasu , Shirakawa Masaki , Takahashi Satoru , Shiba Dai , Yamamoto Masayuki
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A lateral flow biosensor based on gold nanoparticles detects four hemorrhagic fever viruses
Authors: Zhao Jin , Fang Shuting , Liu Yujie , Zeng Lingwen , He Zhixu
Published: October 2020

The pathogen of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF), which is harmful to human health, is a hemorrhagic fever virus.
Effect of C/N on partial nitrification in an MBBR at low temperature
Authors: Ding Fan , Liang Dongbo , Wu Yaodong , Li Dongyue , Bian Wei , Li Jun
Published: October 2020

An appropriate amount of C/N is crucial for the start-up and stabilization of partial nitrification at low temperature.
A multifunctional polyimide nanofiber separator with a self-closing polyamide–polyvinyl alcohol top layer with a Turing structure for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Luo Xiang , Lu Xianbo , Chen Ya , Chen Xiaodong , Guo Hele , Song Chunyu , Wang Nannan , Su Dawei , Wang Guoxiu , Cui Lifeng , Liu Yan
Published: October 2020

The development of commercial lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is typically restricted by the intrinsic drawbacks of the dissolutiion and shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LPS) and the uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites.
Semifluorinated, kinked polyarylenesviadirect arylation polycondensation
Authors: Kempe Fabian , Riehle Felix , Komber Hartmut , Matsidik Rukiya , Walter Michael , Sommer Michael
Published: October 2020

TheTgof semifluorinated polyarylenes madeviaDAP is varied between 35–195 °C depending on side chain, but solubilities are much less side chain dependent. This is explained by interactions between alkoxyphenyl and tetrafluorobenzene units.
Functionalization of MOF-5 with mono-substituents: effects on drug delivery behavior
Authors: Cai Mengru , Qin Liuying , You Longtai , Yao Yu , Wu Huimin , Zhang Zhiqin , Zhang Lu , Yin Xingbin , Ni Jian
Published: October 2020

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in drug carrier research due to their tunability.
Synthesis of Ni2+ ion doped ZnO–MWCNTs nanocomposites using an in situ sol–gel method: an ultra sensitive non-enzymatic uric acid sensing electrode material
Authors: Mullani Sajid B. , Tawade Anita K. , Tayade Shivaji N. , Sharma Kiran Kumar K. , Deshmukh Shamkumar P. , Mullani Navaj B. , Mali Sawanta S. , Hong Chang Kook , Swamy B. E. Kumara , Delekar Sagar D.
Published: October 2020

Nickel (Ni2+) ion doped zinc oxide-multi-wall carbon nanotubes (NZC) with different composition ratios of MWCNTs (from 0.01 to 0.1 wt%) are synthesized through an in situ sol–gel method.
Instability and translocation through nanopores of DNA interacting with single-layer materials
Authors: Alshehri Mansoor H. , Duraihem Faisal Z. , Aba Oud Mohammed A.
Published: October 2020

Using classical applied mathematical modelling to employ the 6–12 Lennard-Jones potential function along with the continuous approximation to investigate the interaction energy between dsDNA and 2D-nanomaterials, namely GRA, h-BN, MoS2 and WS2 sheets.
Isolation and characterization of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Ficus benghalensis L. leaves
Authors: Hassan Heba Ali , Allam Ahmed E. , Abu-Baih Dalia H. , Mohamed Mamdouh F. A. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Shimizu Kuniyoshi , Desoukey Samar Y. , Hayallah Alaa M. , Elrehany Mahmoud A. , Mohamed Khaled M. , Kamel Mohamed S.
Published: October 2020

Metabolic profiling of the crude methanolic extract of Ficus benghalensis leaves has revealed the presence of different phenolic and nitrogenous compounds including cerebrosides and tetrapyrrole pigments.
Inhibitors of pantothenate synthetase ofMycobacterium tuberculosis– a medicinal chemist perspective
Authors: Suresh Amaroju , Srinivasarao Singireddi , Khetmalis Yogesh Mahadu , Nizalapur Shashidhar , Sankaranarayanan Murugesan , Gowri Chandra Sekhar Kondapalli Venkata
Published: October 2020

Tuberculosis, leads to numerous deaths worldwide. New drug discovery strategies are need of the hour. In the current review, we focused on the discovery of new antitubercular drugs targeting pantothenate synthetase.
Deep eutectic solvent in water pickering emulsions stabilised by cellulose nanofibrils
Authors: Bryant Saffron J. , da Silva Marcelo A. , Hossain Kazi M. Zakir , Calabrese Vincenzo , Scott Janet L. , Edler Karen J.
Published: October 2020

Deep eutectic solvent in water emulsions stabilised with bio-macromolecules were stable for more than 200 days.
Ab initiostudy of elastic anisotropies and thermal conductivities of rhenium diborides in different crystal structures
Authors: Wang Yi X. , Liu Ying Y. , Yan Zheng X. , Liu W. , Gu Jian B.
Published: October 2020

The phase stabilities, elastic anisotropies, and thermal conductivities of ReB2diborides under ambient conditions have been investigated by using density functional theory calculations.
Retracted Article: Divergent synthesis of 5-substituted pyrimidine 2′-deoxynucleosides and their incorporation into oligodeoxynucleotides for the survey of uracil DNA glycosylases
Authors: Tran Ai , Zheng Song , White Dawanna S. , Curry Alyson M. , Cen Yana
Published: October 2020

A divergent approach has been developed for the synthesis of epigenetically important pyrimidine 2′-deoxynucleosides from one common precursor. These nucleosides were incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides for the survey of uracil DNA glycosylases.
Dual-defect surface engineering of bimetallic sulfide nanotubes towards flexible asymmetric solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Kang Ling , Zhang Mengyao , Zhang Jian , Liu Shude , Zhang Nan , Yao Wenjing , Ye Yan , Luo Chen , Gong Zhiwei , Wang Chaolun , Zhou Xiaofeng , Wu Xing , Jun Seong Chan
Published: October 2020

Nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCo2S4) is a promising battery-type material for electrochemical energy storage.
Recent advances in pH-responsive nanomaterials for anti-infective therapy
Authors: Lv Xinyi , Zhang Jiayao , Yang Dongliang , Shao Jinjun , Wang Wenjun , Zhang Qi , Dong Xiaochen
Published: October 2020

The design and synthesis of pH-responsive antibacterial nanomaterials and their applications in anti-infective therapy.
Layered SnSe2 microflakes and SnSe2/SnO2 heterojunctions for low-temperature chemiresistive-type gas sensing
Authors: Li Xinyu , Liu Wei , Huang Baoyu , Liu Hang , Li Xiaogan
Published: October 2020

The SnSe2/SnO2 heterojunctions fabricated through in situ thermal oxidation display high response and excellent selectivity to NO2 at low working temperature.
Survey of machine learning methods for detecting false data injection attacks in power systems
Authors: Sayghe Ali , Hu Yaodan , Zografopoulos Ioannis , Liu XiaoRui , Dutta Raj Gautam , Jin Yier , Konstantinou Charalambos
Published: October 2020

Over the last decade, the number of cyber attacks targeting power systems and causing physical and economic damages has increased rapidly. Among them, false data injection attacks (FDIAs) are a class of cyber‐attacks against power grid monitoring systems. Adversaries can successfully perform FDIAs to manipulate the power system state estimation (SE) by compromising sensors or modifying system data. SE is an essential process performed by the energy management system towards estimating unknown state variables based on system redundant measurements and network topology. SE routines include bad data detection algorithms to eliminate errors from the acquired measurements, e.g. in case of sensor failures. FDIAs can bypass BDD modules to inject malicious data vectors into a subset of measurements without being detected, and thus manipulate the results of the SE process. To overcome the limitations of traditional residual‐based BDD approaches, data‐driven solutions based on machine learning algorithms have been widely adopted for detecting malicious manipulation of sensor data due to their fast execution times and accurate results. This study provides a comprehensive review of the most up‐to‐date machine learning methods for detecting FDIAs against power system SE algorithms.
Modern power system reliability assessment with cyber‐intrusion on heat pump systems
Authors: Gunduz Hasan , Jayaweera Dilan
Published: October 2020

In smart power systems, information and communication technologies are being broadly installed and two‐way communications are being established more effectively and efficiently. However, they are vulnerable to cyber‐physical interactive threats and their impact depends on the system infrastructure, degree of interaction, degree of vulnerability, and the intensity and the frequency of the attack. The study addresses this problem and proposes: (i) an innovative Markov‐chain based framework of the cyber‐intrusion process to implement operating conditions in a smart power system; (ii) an advanced algorithm for power system reliability assessment, incorporating cyber‐intrusion process and a detailed model of a heat pump system; and (iii) a new impact assessment framework for different cyber‐intrusion detection‐time distributions driven by Monte Carlo simulation. The cyber‐detection and system recovery process with the presence of cyber‐physical interactive operation models suggest that a significant level of impacts could be generated by the interactive operation of the smart power system and a quantitative assessment is needed in order to assess true impacts.
Variations pathogènes de NDE1 et microlissencéphalie
Authors: Cabet Sara , Guibaud Laurent , Sanlaville Damien
Published: October 2020

Les variants pathogènes du gène NDE1 sont responsables de microlissencéphalies chez l’homme et constituent le déficit de la neurogenèse le plus sévère décrit à ce jour. Le gène NDE1 code une phosphoprotéine essentielle à la neurogenèse, qui est exprimée dans différents compartiments cellulaires des neuroblastes. Le mécanisme physiopathologique précis de la microlissencéphalie n’est pas encore complètement élucidé. Plus de 60 partenaires d’interaction protéique avec NDE1 ont été rapportés, notamment des protéines impliquées dans la formation du fuseau mitotique, la ciliation, la protection du génome des neuroblastes en division ou encore l’apoptose (la LIS1, la dynéine, la cohésine) et constituent autant de pistes explorées dans cette revue.
P1-Bypass: Ist die autologe Vene noch indiziert? – Pro
Authors: Rantner Barbara
Published: October 2020

In der endovaskulären Ära wird die Indikation zur supragenualen Bypassanlage bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit längerstreckigen Pathologien der A. femoralis superficialis insgesamt nur mehr selten gestellt. Wenn die Entscheidung zur chirurgischen Sanierung des Gefäßproblems gefallen ist, muss die Wahl des Bypassmaterials getroffen werden. In diesem Artikel soll die Evidenz für die femoropopliteale Bypassanlage oberhalb des Knies (P1-Bypass) mittels autologer Vene dargestellt und ein klares Pro für den Venenbypass ausgesprochen werden.
Multimodale Therapie primärer, nicht metastasierter retroperitonealer Sarkome
Authors: Ptok Henry , Schalk Enrico , Hass Peter , Heinze Constanze , Brunner Thomas , Croner Roland S.
Published: October 2020

Weichteilsarkome sind eine heterogene Gruppe von Tumoren mesenchymalen Ursprungs, die teilweise ein sehr unterschiedliches biologisches Verhalten zeigen. Retroperitoneale Weichteilsarkome (RSTS) machen 10 – 15% aller Weichteilsarkome aus. Behandlungsempfehlungen für RSTS basieren auf vorrangig retrospektiven Analysen mit geringer Evidenz, die in dieser Übersichtsarbeit dargestellt werden. Zentraler Pfeiler in der Behandlung des lokalisierten, nicht metastasierten RSTS ist die chirurgische Resektion im Sinne einer Kompartment-Resektion. Ziel ist dabei immer die allseitig vollständige Tumorentfernung mit mikroskopisch freien Resektionsrändern. Ist das Erreichen dieses Behandlungsziels mit der alleinigen Kompartment-Resektion fraglich oder besteht eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine lokale Tumorrekurrenz bei high-grade Sarkomen, so sollte eine neoadjuvante Bestrahlung, gegebenenfalls mit intraoperativem Boost, im Rahmen eines multimodalen Therapieansatzes durchgeführt
werden. Die in Analogie zu den Extremitätensarkomen zu favorisierende Anthrazyklin-basierte Chemotherapie hat ihren Stellenwert vorrangig in der Adjuvanz. Auch wenn ein onkologischer Vorteil durch eine adjuvante Chemotherapie für RSTS bisher nicht nachgewiesen ist, sollte bei high-grade Sarkomen die Indikation diskutiert werden. In Kenntnis der unterschiedlichen Krankheitsverläufe werden zunehmend an die unterschiedlichen histologischen Subtypen adaptierte Therapiekonzepte diskutiert und in Studien untersucht. Valide Empfehlungen lassen sich jedoch bisher nicht ableiten. Die Behandlung von RSTS-Patienten wie überhaupt von Patienten mit Sarkomen in Zentren mit entsprechender Expertise ist mit einer signifikanten Verbesserung der Prognose assoziiert und ist unbedingt anzustreben.
Stadt vs. Land: Eine Querschnittsstudie zu Arbeitszufriedenheit und –belastung von jungen Ärzten in Sachsen
Authors: Jung Franziska Ulrike , Röhr Susanne , Deutsch Tobias , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: October 2020

Einleitung Ärztemangel und eine damit verbundene Unterversorgung der Patienten bedroht besonders ländliche, strukturschwache Regionen. Bisherige Studien konzentrieren sich auf Faktoren, die die Niederlassungsentscheidung auf dem Land begünstigen oder verhindern. Über Faktoren wie Arbeitszufriedenheit und Arbeitsbelastung und geografisch bedingte Unterschiede in Deutschland ist bisher wenig bekannt.

Methode Ziel der Studie war es diese Faktoren einem detaillierten Stadt-Land-Vergleich mittels einer sekundären Analyse von Surveydaten zu unterziehen.

Ergebnisse Hierfür konnten Daten von 1813 in Sachsen praktizierenden Ärzten (25–40 Jahre), welche postalisch kontaktiert wurden, analysiert werden.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich hinsichtlich der Arbeitszufriedenheit lediglich akzentuierte Unterschiede feststellen lassen. In Bezug auf Arbeitsbelastung lassen sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Ärzten, die auf dem Land oder in der Stadt tätig sind, finden.
Kombinierte Immuncheckpoint-Inhibition bei inoperablem Gingivamelanom
Authors: Neumann M. , Ruppel E. , Unger S. , Zah A. , Ludwig-Peitsch W. K.
Published: October 2020

Schleimhautmelanome sind seltene Formen von Melanomen mit einer ungünstigen Prognose. Bei Fehlen von therapierelevanten Mutationen und Inoperabilität stellt die Therapie mit Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren eine aussichtsreiche Option dar. Die Kombination aus dem PD-1-Antikörper Nivolumab und dem CTLA4-Antikörper Ipilimumab ist effektiver, jedoch auch erheblich toxischer als die Monotherapie mit PD-1-Antikörpern. Wir berichten über eine 57-jährige Patientin mit einem lymphogen metastasierten inoperablen Gingivamelanom im Stadium IIID, die mit einer Kombination aus Nivolumab und Ipilimumab behandelt wurde und hierunter multiple autoimmunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen einschließlich eines Schubs einer rheumatoiden Arthritis, einer Autoimmunkolitis, einer Autoimmunthyreoiditis und einer Autoimmunhepatitis entwickelte. Diese konnten mithilfe von systemischen Steroiden und symptomatischer Therapie beherrscht werden und es konnte eine anhaltende partielle Remission bei guter Lebensqualität erzielt werden. Unser Fall liefert ein Beispiel für den erfolgreichen Einsatz von Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren bei seltenen Melanom-Entitäten, veranschaulicht jedoch auch die Bedeutung von intensivem Monitoring besonders bei Patienten mit zugrunde liegenden Autoimmunerkrankungen.
Evaluation and Docking Study of Pyrazine Containing 1, 3, 4-Oxadiazoles Clubbed with Substituted Azetidin-2-one: A New Class of Potential Antimicrobial and Antitubercular
Authors: Das Rina , Mehta Dinesh Kumar
Published: October 2020

Background Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the main killers of people all over the world. The major hurdles with existing therapy are the lengthy regimen and appearance of multi drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of M.tuberculosis.

Aims The present work was aimed to synthesize and determine antitubercular and antimicrobial potential of some novel 3-chloro-4-aryl-1-[4-(5-pyrazin-2-yl[1,3,4]oxadiazole-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-azetidin-2-one derivatives 7(a-h) from pyrazinoic acid as precursor, which is a well-established antitubercular agent. Here we report the synthesis of a new class of heterocyclic molecules in which pyrazine, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole and azetidinone moieties were present in one frame work.

Methods Pyrazinoic acid (1) was esterified first (2) followed by amination to produce hydrazide (3) which was refluxed with POCl3 to obtain 2-chloromethyl-5pyrazino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (4). This was then further reacted with 4-amino phenol to obtain 4-[5-pyrazino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl-methoxy]-phenyl amine (5) which on condensation with various aromatic aldehydes afforded a series Schiff’s bases 6(a-h). Dehydrative annulations of 6(a-h) in the presence of chloroacetyl chloride and triethylamine yielded 3-chloro-4-aryl-1-[4-(5-pyrazin-2-yl-[1, 3, 4]oxadiazole-2-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-azetidin-2-one derivatives 7(a-h). Antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular potential of all the synthesized compounds were assessed. Docking study was performed using the software VLife Engine tools of Vlifemds 4.6 on the protein lumazine synthase of M. tuberculosis (PDB entry code 2C92).

Results The present studies demonstrated that synthesized oxadiazole derivatives have good antimicrobial activity against the various microorganisms. Among the synthesized derivative, 7b and 7g were found to be prominent compounds which have potential antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular activity (with MIC 3.12 µg/ml and high dock score ranging from −59.0 to −54.0) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Conclusions Derivatives 7b and 7g would be effective lead candidates for tuberculosis therapy.
Deoxygenative Transition-Metal-Promoted Reductive Coupling and Cross-Coupling of Alcohols and Epoxides
Authors: Nicholas Kenneth M. , Bandari Chandrasekhar
Published: October 2020

The prospective utilization of abundant, CO2-neutral, renewable feedstocks is driving the discovery and development of new reactions that refunctionalize oxygen-rich substrates such as alcohols and polyols through C–O bond activation. In this review, we highlight the development of transition-metal-promoted reactions of renewable alcohols and epoxides that result in carbon–carbon bond-formation. These include reductive self-coupling reactions and cross-coupling reactions of alcohols with alkenes and arene derivatives. Early approaches to reductive couplings employed stoichiometric amounts of low-valent transition-metal reagents to form the corresponding hydrocarbon dimers. More recently, the use of redox-active transition-metal catalysts together with a reductant has enhanced the practical applications and scope of the reductive coupling of alcohols. Inclusion of other reaction partners with alcohols such as unsaturated hydrocarbons and main-group organometallics has further expanded the diversity of carbon skeletons accessible and the potential for applications in chemical synthesis. Catalytic reductive coupling and cross-coupling reactions of epoxides are also highlighted. Mechanistic insights into the means of C–O activation and C–C bond formation, where available, are also highlighted.

1 Introduction

2 Stoichiometric Reductive Coupling of Alcohols

3 Catalytic Reductive Coupling of Alcohols

3.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis

3.2 Homogeneous Catalysis

4 Reductive Cross-Coupling of Alcohols

4.1 Reductive Alkylation

4.2 Reductive Addition to Olefins

5 Epoxide Reductive Coupling Reactions

6 Conclusions and Future Directions
Modified Circumcostal Suture Stabilization of Scapular Avulsion in a Maine Coon Cat
Authors: Roberts Victoria J. , Gilman Oliver , Matiasovic Matt , De Sousa Ricardo
Published: October 2020

This study describes the surgical management of a traumatic scapular avulsion including complications and clinical outcome in a 3-year-old Maine Coon cat. Traumatic scapular avulsion was diagnosed clinically and confirmed on a computed tomography scan, alongside severe scapula displacement. The scapula was stabilized surgically by the placement of two circumcostal sutures, through paired bone tunnels drilled both cranial and caudal to the base of the scapular spine, and two sutures passing through bone tunnels in the dorsal border of the scapula bone secured to the serratus ventralis muscle. The cat was able to bear weight on the affected limb within 48 hours of surgery; however, limb function subsequently deteriorated at home. Revision surgery was required 14 days postoperatively to replace failed polydioxanone suture with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene suture (Fiberwire). Following revision surgery, the cat had a very acceptable functional outcome, with scapular stability and only intermittent lameness/stiffness noted in the medium-term follow-up. The present case report demonstrates that the described modified surgical technique may be used successfully in the treatment of scapular avulsion in cats and restores acceptable function to the affected limb.
An optical chip for self-testing quantum random number generation
Authors: Leone Nicolò , Rusca Davide , Azzini Stefano , Fontana Giorgio , Acerbi Fabio , Gola Alberto , Tontini Alessandro , Massari Nicola , Zbinden Hugo , Pavesi Lorenzo
Published: October 2020

We present an implementation of a semi-device-independent protocol of the generation of quantum random numbers in a fully integrated silicon chip. The system is based on a prepare-and-measure scheme, where we integrate a partially trusted source of photons and an untrusted single photon detector. The source is a silicon photomultiplier, which emits photons during the avalanche impact ionization process, while the detector is a single photon avalanche diode. The proposed protocol requires only a few and reasonable assumptions on the generated states. It is sufficient to measure the statistics of generation and detection in order to evaluate the min-entropy of the output sequence, conditioned on all possible classical side information. We demonstrate that this protocol, previously realized with a bulky laboratory setup, is totally applicable to a compact and fully integrated chip with an estimated throughput of 6 kHz of the certified quantum random bit rate.
Time-lapse confocal imaging-induced calcium ion discharge from the cumulus–oocyte complex at the time of cattle oocyte activation
Authors: McLennan Hanna J. , Sutton-McDowall Melanie L. , Heng Sabrina , Abell Andrew D. , Thompson Jeremy G.
Published: October 2020

Oocyte activation, the dynamic transformation of an oocyte into an embryo, is largely driven by Ca2+ oscillations that vary in duration and amplitude across species. Previous studies have analysed intraoocyte Ca2+ oscillations in the absence of the oocyte’s supporting cumulus cells. Therefore, it is unknown whether cumulus cells also produce an ionic signal that reflects fertilisation success. Time-lapse confocal microscopy and image analysis on abattoir-derived cattle cumulus–oocyte complexes coincubated with spermatozoa revealed a distinct discharge of fluorescence from the cumulus vestment. This study demonstrated that this Ca2+ fluorescence discharge was an artefact induced by the imaging procedure independently of oocyte activation success. The fluorescence discharge was a direct result of cumulus cell membrane integrity loss, and future studies should consider the long-term effect of fluorescent labels on cells in time-lapse imaging. However, this study also demonstrated that the distinctive pattern of a coordinated fluorescence discharge was associated with both the presence of spermatozoa and subsequent embryo development to the morula stage, which was affected by Ca2+ chelation and a reduction in the active efflux of the fluorophore. This indicates that the cumulus vestment may have a relationship with oocyte activation at and beyond fertilisation that requires further investigation.
The influence of meal size on the digestive energetics of Gould’s wattled bat, Chalinolobus gouldii
Authors: Walker Melissa J. , Griffiths Stephen R. , Jones Christopher S. , Robert Kylie A.
Published: October 2020

Although variation in meal size is known to have an impact on digestive energetics, there is limited information on how it influences metabolic rate and energy assimilation in insectivorous bats. We investigated the influence of meal size, representing 10% or 20% of an individual’s weight, on the digestive energetics of Gould’s wattled bat, Chalinolobus gouldii (n = 61 bats). Using open-flow respirometry, we recorded a median resting metabolic rate of 2.0 mL g–1 h–1 (n = 51, range = 0.4–4.8) at an air temperature of 32°C. Median postprandial metabolic rate peaked at 6.5 (range = 3.4–11.6, n = 4) and 8.2 (range = 3.8–10.6, n = 7), representing 3.3- and 4.1-fold increases from resting metabolic rate for the two meal sizes. Using bomb calorimetry, we calculated the calorific value of the two meal sizes, and the calories lost during digestion. Following gut passage times of 120 min (range = 103–172, n = 15) and 124 min (range = 106–147, n = 12), C. gouldii assimilated 88.0% (range = 84.6–93.8, n = 5) and 93.3% (range = 84.0–99.4, n = 10) of the kilojoules available from the 10% and 20% meal sizes, respectively. When fed ad libitum, C. gouldii consumed a mean of 23.2% of their body weight during a single sitting (n = 18, range = 6.3–34.1%). Overall, digestive energetics were not significantly different between 10% or 20% meal sizes. The ability to ingest small and large meals, without compromising the rate or efficiency of calorie intake, indicates that free-ranging C. gouldii are likely limited by food available in the environment, rather than the ability to assimilate energy.
Formalized description of motorway construction, reconstruction and repair control system
Authors: Vorobyov V S , Gromenko K G , Konkin A V , Barsuk M N
Published: October 2020

The paper provides information on the technical and organizational condition of the Novosibirsk Region’s construction complex, volumes of under-repairs, problems of improving and creating an intelligent transport system, the first stage of which can serve as a control center for the construction and maintenance of roads. Therein is given an approach to building a control system from an advanced position. The importance of economic and mathematical models of building production and their insufficient justification in the road industry is noted. A formalized description of the control system is given with a multi-echelon graph model developed by the authors. The paper proposed the structure of a complex of formalized descriptions, consisting of groups of system structure models and indicators that describe a system behavior, production processes, information processes, decision-making procedures. It is proposed to describe the multi-echelon structure of an organization as a graph model, wherein each echelon as local graph models representing economic, organizational and technological connections. The main purpose of this model, with the complete independence of private business, is the designing and operation of a center for construction and maintenance of infrastructure facilities of the road network. This circumstance is reflected in model formulating. Modelling of information flows at the lower levels of the control systems needs a fairly detailed description of processes. Modelling at the highest levels of management requires aggregated indicators. Therefore, models of complex systems should be oriented to indicators that operate on information of different levels of aggregation. The main advantages of the formalized description of the structure of road complex control systems are noted.
The algorithm for solving the problem of accounting work of system “foundations-load-bearing floor” with phased modeling in modern CAD
Authors: Alpatov Vadim , Zubanov Sergey
Published: October 2020

For buildings, that have shallow Foundations under columns and Load-bearing floor the mutual influence of these structures on each other is characteristic. The Foundations of the frame are forced to perceive additional loads from Load-bearing floor. Load-bearing floor gets non-uniform deformation, occurring from the supporting influence of Foundations. This leads to a change in the character of distribution of internal bending moments in the Load-bearing floor. To take into account such a complex mutual influence of these constructions in the one calculation model is difficult. To solve the problem, it is suggested to use a special algorithm. An algorithm for a phased solution to the problem of calculating the system “Foundations – Load-bearing floor” is suggested. It allows to take into account the features of the real work of constructions. The case of shallow Foundations and a Load-bearing floor is considered. In this case plate loads the Foundations, and Foundations limit plate displacements. The problem was solved by computer modeling of the system deformation process “Foundations – Load-bearing floor”. The plate of the Load-bearing floor is considered as a plate on elastic foundation with a restriction of deformation in places where pad foundation under a column are connected. The influence of Foundations on the Load-bearing floor displacements restriction was modeled by connection of the final stiffness. The problem is formulated as linear. The task solving was made in program complex “Lira”.