bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Updating OMERACT Core Set of Domains for ANCA-associated Vasculitis: Patient Perspective Using the International Classification of Function, Disability, and Health
Authors: Milman Nataliya , McConville Eilish , Robson Joanna C. , Boonen Annelies , Tugwell Peter , Wells George A. , Chaudhuri Dipayan , Dawson Jill , Tomasson Gunnar , Ashdown Susan , Gebhart Don , Lanier Georgia , Peck Jacqueline , McAlear Carol A. , Kellom Katherine S. , Cronholm Peter F. , Merkel Peter A.
Published: May 2019

Objective.

Aspects of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies–associated vasculitis (AAV) prioritized by patients with AAV were described using the International Classification of Function, Disability, and Health (ICF).

Methods.

Items identified during 14 individual interviews were incorporated into an ICF-based questionnaire administered to participants of 2 vasculitis patient symposia: 36 in the United Kingdom and 63 in the United States.

Results.

Categories identified as at least “moderately relevant” by ≥ 5% of subjects included 44 body functions, 14 body structures, 35 activities and participation, 31 environmental factors, and 38 personal factors.

Conclusion.

Identified categories differ from those identified by the current Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) core set and those prioritized by vasculitis experts.
Améliorer la prise en charge de l’enfant atteint de diabète de type 1 et celle de sa famille : quel rôle pour l’infirmière de pratique avancée, coordinatrice de parcours complexe de soins ? Une étude qualitative et exploratoire
Authors: Tellier Hélène , Colson Sébastien , Gentile Stéphanie
Published: May 2019

Contexte : la prévalence du diabète de type 1 chez l’enfant en Suisse et dans le monde est en constante augmentation. La coordination des soins semblerait être un élément déterminant et incontournable pour une prise en soin efficace et efficiente. Objectif : identifier les difficultés et les leviers de coordination rencontrés par les soignants et les familles lors de la phase de découverte d’un diabète de type 1, de la naissance à 15 ans. Méthode : analyse qualitative par entretiens semi-dirigés. Résultats : trois familles et cinq soignants ont participé à l’étude. L’annonce de diagnostic est vécue comme douloureux, un choc pour les familles. Les infirmières spécialisées en diabétologie pédiatrique sont reconnues comme des experts en soins et pour l’enseignement. La prise en charge est vécue comme stressante et complexe par les infirmières non spécialisées. La collaboration entre les unités est décrite comme cloisonnée. Les outils informatiques ne sont pas communs entre les unités. L’accompagnement psychologique est vécu comme non satisfaisant par les familles. Discussion : les infirmières ont besoin de travailler en interdisciplinarité et dans une coordination de soins structurée.
Effects of Calculator Use on Arithmetic and Conceptual Skills of Nursing Students
Authors: Shockley Judith S , McGurn Wealtha C , Gunning Carolyn , Graveley Elaine , Tillotson Delight
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of calculators on the responses of undergraduate nursing students to items on a dosage calculations examination. The study sought to determine if calculator use had any influence on both the arithmetic and conceptual skills associated with the solving of calculations problems. The population consisted of all students enrolled in a pharmacology course in a baccalaureate nursing program. An experimental repeated measures design was used in which all participants completed two parallel forms of a calculations examination, one form with a calculator and one form without a calculator.

Findings of the study revealed that there was significant difference in both arithmetic and conceptual skills ability using a calculator. Use of a calculator was associated with improved arithmetic skills performance and diminished conceptual skills performance. A major factor underlying both arithmetic skills and conceptual skills performance, independent of the calculator effect, was the pre-admission arithmetic skills ability of the subject.
Retail Customer Engagement
Authors: Tartaglione Andrea Moretta , Granata Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

Customer engagement is one of the most debated topics in marketing literature. The great interest of the scientific community resulted in a large amount of research on this topic making it difficult for scholars to understand how to really contribute to advance the research. Based on these considerations, this chapter aims to provide an overview of the research findings and trends of previous studies to guide the researcher to the most influential works, results, and issues that need more insights. In particular, this chapter offers a literature review on customer engagement and retail customer engagement using bibliometric analysis and scientific mapping study. Results show the most productive authors, most cited publications, most frequent words, and clusters of related words. The analysis provides a description of the state of the art of retail customer engagement and suggests future research directions.
Engagement in a Third-Party-Managed Virtual Community and Its Effect on Customer Identification
Authors: Rubio Natalia , Villaseñor Nieves , Yagüe Maria Jesús
Published: May 2019

The chapter analyzes the components that generate users' engagement in a third-party-managed virtual community and these components' contribution to building user identification with the community. When this chapter distinguish between users who share their comments in multiple service categories to users who share comments in only one or two service categories, it is found that enjoyment benefits and participation in co-innovation increase identification with the community for both groups. The two groups differ, however, in that learning benefits improve identification with the community for participants who share comments on three or more services but not for participants who share comments on fewer services. The latter group's identification is, however, influenced by social benefits, functional benefits, and advocacy, feedback, and help to others.
The Influence of Retailer Choices on Consumer Behaviors and Sales Productivity
Authors: Russo Giuseppe , Bozic Maja , Cavacece Ylenia , Granata Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

The aim of this chapter is to analyze the most relevant factors affecting retailers by investigating the relationships between store type, assortment level, customers' purchases, and sales productivity. Analyzing the dataset of the German retailer Rossmann through classification and regression tools, this work investigates what store type customers visit more often, what kind of assortment they prefer, and how sales profitability is affected by internal and external factors. Results show a tendency from customers to shop in smaller neighborhood markets rather than in the large shopping centers with extensive assortments, determining an increase in sales productivity in smaller size stores. Results suggest managers developing strategies for creating multiple retail formats in order to meet the diverse customers' tendencies in the today's market.
Adolescent Influence in Family Purchase Decisions
Authors: Baía João Paulo
Published: May 2019

The adolescent is considered as an active element in family purchase decisions, especially in the earliest stages of the process. However, researchers have focused their attention on purchases for adolescent use. In this chapter, the author examines adolescent influence for several products. A survey was used to collect data from several high-schools in districts of Lisbon, Setúbal, Portimão, and Beja. 2,800 questionnaires were delivered during May 2016. Adolescents were instructed to submit the questionnaires to their mothers and to return them, fully completed. 966 validated questionnaires were returned. The results point to adolescent's age, gender, product knowledge, and mother's occupational status as the relevant explanatory variables. The results also point to the relevance of considering product category as a moderating variable. The present chapter offers a contribution to companies by providing evidence of adolescent's influence in family purchase decisions. It is important that producing companies and retailer marketers focus their efforts on adolescent satisfaction.
Regulations and Laws Pertaining to the use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) by ICAO, USA, China, Japan, Australia, India, and Korea
Authors: Kim Doo Hwan
Published: May 2019

The drone industry is rapidly developing around the world, and the numbers of drones are increasing. In order to maintain safety and secure stability of drone flights, regulations and laws related to drone operations are established in each country. This chapter reviews the rules and laws of drones established by the International Civil Aviation Organization, the United States, China, Japan, Australia, India, and Korea. In order to protect victims and develop the drone industry, the author proposes that it is necessary and desirable for the legislation of a unified and global “Draft Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Drone Operations and Transport.”
Automated System of Controlling Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Group Flight
Authors: Shmelova Tetiana , Bondarev Dmitriy
Published: May 2019

In this chapter, the authors present a problem of a performance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) group flights for a solution of different tasks using criteria of efficiency (safety, regularity, efficiency, economy) and criteria of reliability (connectivity, structural redundancy, survivability, and compactness of connections; the relative distance between UAVs; centrality and periphery of UAVs in the group; the level of system centralizing; etc.). It used graph theory for quantitative estimation of effectiveness of UAVs group flight. It presented all types of UAVs connections in the group (a star, ring, tree, with a common tire, mixed, cellular, etc.). The algorithm for finding central drone repeater (CDR) in a group of the UAVs for sending a control signal to other UAVs in the group was obtained. Examples of for determining the central drone and of the optimal topology in a group of the UAVs in flight are presented.
The Informal Economy in Developing Societies
Authors: Ntseane Peggy Gabo
Published: May 2019

This chapter submits that the informal sector in developing countries is neglected in many respects. First, little effort is made to understand the going-on within the sector, and second, its contribution to the national economy is yet to be accounted for. After discussing the characteristics of the informal sector and after venturing a definition of “learning cities,” the chapter identifies four issues to which four recommendations were proffered. Two of the issues include the feminization of the informal economy sector and the possible development of best learning cities practice formats for the purpose of improving the practice of the informal economy within developing countries.
Widening Access to Learning in Cities of the 21st Century
Authors: Adelore Omobola Omoyeni , Ojedeji Solomon Oluwaseun
Published: May 2019

This chapter makes the point that the cities we live in have become complex as a result of galloping population growth as well as economic and technological advancements. Coping with phenomena such as these demands a considerable amount of human capital development which frees up human beings' potentials and capabilities and serves in sustaining living at all levels. Therefore, if urban dwellers must be empowered to take advantage of both the opportunities and challenges offered by the cities, limitless access to learning throughout life must be provided. Whereas the specific learning frame appropriate for assisting city dwellers has been identified as “learning cities,” it is the view of this chapter that the establishment of sustainable learning cities begins with the allocation as well as management of city spaces for learning. This role falls on the shoulders of city and regional planners who are here called upon to play their honorable part in the provision of learning.
Street Vending
Authors: Madan Arwah
Published: May 2019

The focus of this chapter is on the ingenious transformation of the Indian betel leaf vendor (paanwala)'s business. The “paanwala” who used to concentrate on the sale of betel leaf (paan) only has begun to engage in a diversified street vending. In fact, the sale of the “paan” itself has now been relegated to the background in favor of more modern and sophisticated items. This chapter reports on a study conducted among 174 betel leaf sellers in Pune. The findings of the study revealed that 80% of the sellers were aged between 18 and 45years. They have diversified the items in their boxes to include tobacco products and other modern confectioneries. Although the “paanwalas” stated that they were making fairly good livelihood out of their work, they continue to face such difficulties as harassment from local authorities and denial of right of ownership of property. It is recommended that a partnership between the “paanwalas” and the companies would assist in promoting innovation among the paanwalas.
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Promoting Lifelong Learning in Botswana
Authors: Mosweunyane Dama
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses the role non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play within Botswana. It states that NGOs are useful instruments for learning generally, but particularly they serve as vehicles for lifelong learning. The chapter highlights the fact that NGOs have established the earliest schools in Botswana. However, when it was found that schools alone were not enough to take on the challenges of a Botswana that was growing more complex by the day, NGOs began to complement school learning with specialized training in centers for vocational and professional development. The Government of Botswana came to support NGOs through the development of an NGO policy whose aim is to forge a closer government-NGO cooperation in the promotion of lifelong learning in the country.
Education, Social Capital, Physical, and Psychological Access to Healthcare Among Female Migrants in Informal Settlements in Accra City, Ghana
Authors: Boateng John Kwame
Published: May 2019

This chapter reports on a study carried out by the Department of University of Ghana Learning Centers regarding the factors influencing migrant women's access to healthcare, lifelong learning, and the kind of link existing between this access and livelihood creation in six informal settlement areas of Accra city. The findings showed positive correlation between women's level of education and both physical and psychological access to healthcare. It was equally found that access to a regular source of income built a high level of self-determination in women of the informal settlements. Armed with this high level of self-determination, women were able to access healthcare and lifelong learning without needing the permission of husbands or members of family. Policies aimed at strengthening training attendants in pre- and post-natal emergency life-saving care are recommended for the informal settlement areas.
Building Foundations for Understanding the International Travel Agency and Tour Operation
Authors: Chand Dhiman Mohinder , Kumar Ravi Bhushan
Published: May 2019

International tourism is a global phenomenon that has experienced rapid growth during the last two decades, particularly in the developed countries of the world. Travel agencies and tour operation have become a pivotal aspect of the tourism industry. To help explain how, where, and why travel agency and tour operation have developed through the ages, its importance and significance in modern society, this chapter defines and builds an understanding. Thus, this chapter helps us understand the scale and extent of the growth in travel agencies and the tour operation business globally. Moreover, the chapter explores the historical perspectives, operational practices, and emerging typology of the travel agency.
Online Competition in the Distribution Chain
Authors: Vieira Patricia , Panyik Emese
Published: May 2019

Until recently, travel agents have been the principal intermediary between travel suppliers and consumers, with information as their primary trade. However, changes to information and communication technology (ICT) and the beginning of the internet have the potential to allow travel suppliers and consumers to interact directly. Today, consumer websites that integrate global distribution systems (GDSs) are no longer only an emerging threat but show fierce global competition between travel agencies and tour operators worldwide. Subsequently, one of the most pertinent questions today is how local, small-scale travel agencies respond to these market changes and what practices do they use to maintain their comparative advantage and offer competitive services? However, despite the relevancy of this issue, literature is generally scarce on travel agency strategies to confront the competition of consumer websites. Thus, in order to address this question, this article provides an analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of new technologies are available to travel agencies and strategies and practices that travel agencies can use to compete with websites.
Perception of Inbound Tour Operators of India Towards Marketing Strategies of Ministry of Tourism
Authors: Boora S. S. , Kusum  , Gupta Megha
Published: May 2019

With the increase in travel frequency at global level, destinations compete with each other to attract tourists. The tourists have a vast array of destinations to choose from. The destinations compete at global as well as regional level. These developments in tourism bring forth the importance of marketing for a destination. The destination marketing is generally undertaken by destination marketing organizations (DMOs) which operate at national, regional as well as local level in a country. In context of India, MOT (Ministry of Tourism, Government of India) undertakes the role of a DMO and is responsible for formulation and implementation of marketing strategies to promote India as a destination at global level. Further, it is imperative to understand the perception of other stakeholder about the marketing strategies of MOT in order to recognize the effectiveness of its marketing efforts. Being co-creator of destination image, inbound tour operators are considered as the key stakeholders at the destination. The objective of this chapter is to understand the perception Indian inbound tour operators towards the marketing strategies carried out by MOT. The data for the study was collected through structured questionnaire. The findings of the study indicated that inbound tour operators perceived marketing plans adopted by Ministry of tourism were effective to position India as a tourist destination at global level. At planning stage of strategy making for promoting India as tourist destination, MOT does not seek the opinion of inbound tour operators. It is suggested that MOT should involve inbound tour operators for drawing the marketing strategies for India as they are key seller for the tourism product.
Oil and Gas Skill Complexity, Specializations, and Modernizations
Authors: Neal Julie , Neal Brittany Lee
Published: May 2019

This chapter highlights and shares personal interviews describing what individuals and companies are doing to retain and hire employees during challenging times in the Permian Basin. Personal experiences are described and shared including positive and negative experiences by seasoned oilfield employees and new oilfield employees with no prior experience. They share their knowledge regarding the current thriving economy in the Permian Basin. A diverse discussion is presented in order for the reader to get a full picture of the perspectives from oil and gas company administrators, individual workers, private sector businesses, and individuals living within the community.
Approaching Information Architecture for a Market Intelligence System Based on Emerging Technologies
Authors: Jamil George Leal , Santos Leandro R. , Jamil Liliane C. , Vieira Augusto P.
Published: May 2019

It was observed, in these last years, the consolidation of the market intelligence (MI) concept as a source of competitive results in several strategic ways, impacting decision-making and entrepreneurship. This article intends to explore the conceptualization of the MI process, observing specially its application in Healthcare sector under the emergence of new technologies. Approaching the healthcare market, a framework for an intelligence system for marketing decisions was discussed and it is now evaluated with the contribution of information architecture and new technologies concepts. The review formerly produced is updated regarding the focus of the MI system under the influences and potentialities for emerging technologies application, through a lemma of “digital transformation” (DT), validating and expanding market intelligence background towards new dynamism and application in Healthcare contexts.
The Matrix of Complexity Associated With the Process of Social Intervention With Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Olim Marta Freitas , Guadalupe Sónia , Daniel Fernanda da Conceição Bento , Pimenta Joana , Carrasco Luís , Gomes da Silva Alexandre
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses the standardization of instruments and typologies in social work assessment and introduces, from a multidimensional perspective, a new standardized instrument evaluating the level of complexity associated with the social intervention process in a sample of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The authors evaluated the matrix's metric properties by internal consistency and defined a rating index through the best cutoff points, using receiver operator curve and Youden Index. Matrix construction and validation used focus groups of experts in blinded classification of 100 CKD patients and indicator weighting. The matrix shows good internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .742). Cutoff points indicate three levels of complexity classification. The matrix is a good instrument to identify the complexity associated with the social intervention process in the area of Nephrology, and is a relevant contribution to the social information management of social workers, the health teams and the administration of health units.
The Contribution of Technologies to Promote Healthy Aging and Prevent Frailty in Elderly People
Authors: Albuquerque Cristina
Published: May 2019

In this chapter, the author discusses the contribution of technological achievements and ICT applications to prevent or reverse frailty in elderly people and to promote active and healthy aging. After a theoretical and political reflection about the issues associated to a new paradigm of aging in current societies, the author underlines the potentialities of technology as a complementary mechanism to achieve alternative and innovative responses as well as integrated and multidimensional policies and actions.
The Hidden Face of Medical Intervention
Authors: Beaudoin Samuel
Published: May 2019

In health promotion discourses, access to medical care is presented as a universal remedy. As a result, ethical considerations are often limited to the issue of equitable access. Yet focusing on access to healthcare hides the issue of access to data needed for scientific development. Putting into place a system for saving lives involves population health monitoring and is founded on scientific rationality. This chapter refocuses political attention from medical intervention to what makes it possible. In doing so, the underlying ethical issue shifts from a concern with universal access to healthcare—considered a right from an equity standpoint—to a discussion of the options and consequences of a type of government based on science. The author puts forward the idea that it is not because it is technically and scientifically possible to do something that it should be done. To illustrate this argument, the chapter discusses the example of The Lancet's project on stillbirths (2011-2030) taken up by the WHO.
Equipping Teacher Educators for Digital Teaching and Learning
Authors: Misra Pradeep Kumar
Published: May 2019

Considering that teachers are central to good education and teacher educators are central to good teacher education, it is logical that due care must be taken to equip teacher educators for digital teaching and learning. In fact, continuing professional development of teacher educators in terms of digital teaching and learning is a necessity of our times. Extending these arguments, the chapter, that is mainly based on the review and analysis of policy documents and practices as well as other available literature and statistics related to teacher educators, begins with discussions on role and importance of teacher educators, details the need and promises of preparing teacher educators for digital teaching and learning, delves upon practices of and challenges before teacher educators to master digital teaching and learning, and ends with presenting innovative strategies to empower teacher educators for the world of digital teaching and learning.
E-Transformation in Higher Education and What It Coerces for the Faculty
Authors: Akgün-Özbek Ela , Özkul Ali Ekrem
Published: May 2019

With the phenomenal developments in information and communication technologies, higher education has been facing an unprecedented challenge that affects all the stakeholders. Faculty is no exception. The authors synthesize the demographic, economic, and pedagogical factors that lead to a paradigm shift in higher education and the global trends in digital technologies that impel digital transformation in higher education. They then provide a snapshot of how higher education institutions respond to this challenge and change, and the impact of these factors on the roles and competencies of faculty that need to be covered in faculty development initiatives in the digital age. Finally, examples of faculty development programs and initiatives that address the digital competencies of faculty are provided along with a summary of faculty development models for teaching and learning in the digital age.
The Uptake and Use of Digital Technologies and Professional Development
Authors: Lindqvist Marcia Håkansson
Published: May 2019

University teachers continue to strive to support the uptake and use of digital technologies in their teaching to support student learning. This chapter highlights teacher beliefs as expressed in interviews following a professional development project related to the uptake and use of digital technologies in their teaching. The teachers see possibilities in the new tools as well as challenges. Teachers need time to learn and implement these tools in reflection and in line with their own beliefs. They see change as small steps forward. If teachers' uptake of use of digital technologies is to be advanced, and through this technology enhancing learning for themselves and for students, further institutional support to promote design, collaboration, and sharing will be important.
Creating Support Systems for Black Women in Nontraditional STEM Career Paths
Authors: Smith Tokiwa T. , Johnson Natasha N.
Published: May 2019

Although careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are widely acknowledged as central to the future, women remain largely underrepresented in these spheres. This is particularly true for Black women, highlighting the necessity of support systems and resources designed to promote their success in STEM. Ideally, these supports should begin during the K-12 years and continue throughout the course of their educational journeys. Current research indicates that Black women in STEM achieve greater, lasting success when they have access to structured support systems. As the career paths of Black women in STEM continue to evolve, there remains a need for adaptable structures and resources that are applicable to their unique needs. Yet, these supports often do not exist for those pursuing nontraditional STEM career paths. Therefore, this chapter underscores the need for Black women in STEM to establish their own support systems, aligned with their specific career paths.
Fortitude
Authors: Kurtz Robert S.
Published: May 2019

In New York City, from the 1990s to the present, covert racism is alive and well in the field of medicine and medical education. The most heavily impacted are African American and Caribbean American females and males. The inequitable treatment thus engendered has concrete results ranging from unwarranted criticism in residency education to forced changes of medical occupations and jobs, to false attributions of behavioral health issues. Combating these challenges requires fortified character armor, seeking percipient well positioned minority, white and off-whites allies, and a willingness to maintain continued vigilance. With persistence and tenacity, success is possible in terms of protecting minorities both in the educational process, and in a mature medical life.
Knowledge Sharing Practices, ICT, Information Literacy, and STEM Career Path Choices Among Girls at the Secondary School Level
Authors: Iroaganachi Mercy A. , Ilo Promise Ifeoma , Ekwueme Loveth , YoungHarry Idarefame
Published: May 2019

This chapter explored literature and discussed the importance of knowledge sharing practices, ICT, and information literacy, and their influence on STEM career path choices among girls at the secondary school level. This was properly situated by examining the concept of knowledge sharing, concept of career path choices, knowledge sharing on career path choices of girls, considered ICT and career path choices of girls, effect of ICT on career path choices of girls, information literacy and career path choices of girls, effect of information literacy on career path choices of girls. It concludes that a culture of knowledge sharing practices among the girls will get the less knowledgeable girls informed for informed STEM career path decisions. The use of ICTs for networking and sharing knowledge among the girls will improve information literacy skills needed by the girls to help identify information needs, access, retrieve, evaluate, and use same career choices. The chapter includes recommendations.
Economic Consequences of Corporate Conflicts
Authors: Kuznetsov Mikhail Yevgenievich , Nikishova Maria I. , Solovyova Valeria , Lukoyanov Konstantin I.
Published: May 2019

A single economic space is created by the conditions of globalization, where corporations become the main economic actors. In this circumstance, the issues of corporate governance, especially the prevention and resolution of corporate conflicts, require the closest attention. In this chapter, the authors will try to answer the question of the possible economic consequences of major corporate conflicts and assess the degree of potential impact on the parameters of company activity: in the first part of the research, key financial indicators, credit ratings capitalization; in the second part of the research, the global economy, investment and economic growth, the dynamics of financial markets, investment climate, capital flows, etc.
Reactivation or Collapse
Authors: Guerra José María Mendoza
Published: May 2019

This chapter is structured for contrasting how differentially firms applying strategies of contraction/reactivation reach converse results and how management models may impact the organizational life and success in these circumstances. It analyzes two organizations in difficult situation in Colombia (Aluminios Reynolds Santo Domingo and Hospital Niño Jesus in Barranquilla city), and it identifies strategies to be applied for maintaining alive these organizations, evaluates management styles accompanying the formulated strategies, and reveals the organizational denouement. In this work two styles for confronting turnaround are identified: classic, applied in a ruptured and aggressive way with strong reduction of direct cost; and inclusive, integrating members of the firm around the problem solution and socially building a strategy as a solution. For the empirical analysis, the case method is used accompanied by qualitative techniques as interviews, documental material, and observation.
Taxonomy of Cyber Attack Weapons, Defense Strategies, and Cyber War Incidents
Authors: Sari Arif , Atasoy Ugur Can
Published: May 2019

Cyber security is the newest internal concern of this century where different technologies developed through telecommunication, computers, and internet are used in the international arena as cyber-weapons. This chapter provides in-depth information about up-to-date cyber-attack methods and mechanisms used in the cyber war, and it focuses on the cyber war incidents starting from 1982 with Siberia Natural Gas Explosion until 2015 Russia-Turkey cyber-attack conflict and between variety of developed and developing countries in detail. In addition to this, cyber-weapons developed by Russia, USA, and Israel targeting critical infrastructure are elaborated. The chapter concludes with the use of cyber-attack methods and tools with their taxonomy and elaborates the fundamentals of cyber defense strategies to these proposed attacks with existing solutions from the literature.
A Review of Research Studies on Cyber Terror
Authors: Söğüt Esra , Erdem O. Ayhan
Published: May 2019

Thanks to the internet, the distances between the countries are easily overcome and the communication network rapidly expands. This situation also affects the cyber security of the countries to a great extent. Attacks on critical infrastructures, companies, and public institutions can be magnitude that make great harms. These developments in cyber space bring new problems. One of them is cyber terror. Cyber terror does not have a certain and well-known definition. Cyber terror is the realization of terrorist acts in the field of cyber war. In addition, cyber space is a place of display for terrorist acts. The effects of cyber terror attacks have reached a level to scare all countries. There is not enough information about the definition, characteristics, methods used in cyber terror attacks and cyber terror groups. It is important for national administrators and staff to become conscious and to become informed about cyber terror. In this chapter, information will be presented, endeavors on awareness-creation will be made, and a role of guiding the future studies will be taken.
Enhancing the Credibility of the Decision-Making Journey Through Serious Games Learning Analytics
Authors: Havriliuc Louis Doru , Bleoju Gianita , Capatina Alexandru
Published: May 2019

This chapter proposes a specific learning system and a combined method to devise the learning analytics component as an envisioned solution to inform the development of other digital learning resources which are built for meeting specific, predefined learning objectives. The authors acknowledge the critical challenges of distinguishing between decision making and decision taking on the outcomes of learning. The ambition is to assess learning performance by means of unstructured interviews with participants using a digital marketing simulation game and how this has helped them attain job success working on real digital marketing projects. The authors expect that the consequences of decisions taken on real or realistic business conditions provided by a simulated learning environment should enrich the learning experience with insights (influences, constructs, and variables), unstructured knowledge representation, and rule-based decisions that learners will utilize and be alert and react to in real markets.
Fostering Online Interactions Between Learners
Authors: Sandid Badreddine , Boughalem Mohammed Amine , Khaldi Mohamed
Published: May 2019

Learning has abandoned its conventional and traditional knowledge acquisition style; it started breaking the limited information channels, flowing in all possible directions, while seeking and absorbing the intelligence of its choice. All due to technology that offers more possibilities in various fields, it makes it possible to fill this void created by these learning styles. Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is an educational approach in which learning is based on social interaction between learners through the internet. Sharing, the construction of knowledge, and skills development are part of the characteristics of this type of learning while pulling a better profit from technology. The CSCL approach can be implemented in online learning environments. This chapter provides an innovative pedagogical scenario that aims to promote online interactions between learners in a hybrid learning device based on CSCL approach.
Smart MM
Authors: Tripathi Meenakshi , Shah Saatvik , Bahal Prashant , Sharma Harsh , Gupta Ritika
Published: May 2019

Rapid advancements have been made in the field of artificial intelligence in recent years. This has resulted in its adoption in various technologies from medicine to search engines. Existing media management systems have however not yet fully leveraged the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to give users enhanced information apart from basic media metadata. This chapter proposes a smart movie management system which works majorly offline and uses AI to deliver optimum information to the users on four vital tasks. These tasks are multilevel phrase level review polarity, plot and review keywords, a content-based recommendation system, and an emotion recognition system. The complete system works in near-real time with a user-friendly presentation to maximize a user's information gain.
Surveying Games With a Combined Model of Immersion and Flow
Authors: Kannegieser Ehm , Atorf Daniel , Meier Josua
Published: May 2019

Detecting flow in games is key for successful adaptation processes. Until now, the method of choice to measure flow in games is the usage of questionnaires, such as flow short scale or game experience questionnaire. Because of the shortcomings of these methods, the theoretical model of flow is enhanced by the concept of immersion to propose a unified flow/immersion model. In combination with this more fine-grained model of immersion, player experience may be measured in a more detailed fashion. The enhancement of the theoretical model and the altered experiment procedure are presented. In conclusion, a perspective towards performing the experiment and future data recordings is given.
Applied Alternative Tools and Methods in the Replacement of the Game Design Document
Authors: Lage de Oliveira Pedro Henrique Roscoe , Silva de Miranda Carlos Alberto , Gomide Joao Victor Boechat
Published: May 2019

This chapter proposes and experiments alternatives to replace or optimize the use of the game design document (GDD). The creation and development of a game is accomplished by relying on the GDD, which contains all the information, such as the script, mechanics, and relevant details, so the team can use as a guide. There is no exact formula for creating a GDD, and several formats are proposed and used nowadays. Information misinterpreted or misunderstood at different levels of responsibility can create irreparable problems after the start of production. This chapter proposes the use of analog prototyping associated with benchmarking techniques and agile development as efficient alternatives to GDD, which are tested in the development of the game Forsaken Dungeons, created by one of the authors.
Impact of Evaluating the Usability of Assisted Technology Oriented by Protocol
Authors: Lima Ana Carolina Oliveira , Vieira Maria de Fatima Queiroz , Martins Ana Isabel , Rocha Nelson Pacheco , Mendes Joana Catarina , Ferreira Ronaldo da Silva
Published: May 2019

The main objective of this research is to provide a procedure set, oriented by a clear and rigorous protocol that allows the replication of results regarding the accessibility claims of products and systems available for the blind community, thus validating their robustness. The goal during the experiment was to compare user preferences and effectiveness when performing tasks with the voice synthesizers JAWS and DOSVOX and a braille keyboard. The adopted evaluation protocol includes the following methods: usability testing, focus group, and user satisfaction survey. The study developed with the proposed protocol investigates assistive technology adequacy to target users. The tasks performed by 30 users were categorized as activities of entertainment, learning, and social inclusion. It is considered that the main contribution of this chapter is to provide the protocol and methodology, adapted for use in evaluations of accessibility products and devices.
Mindfulness and HCI
Authors: Sliwinski Jacek
Published: May 2019

Mindfulness is constantly increasing in popularity, having demonstrated benefits for psychological health and cognitive performance. Not only current psychotherapies have integrated mindfulness, but also digital technology for the general public such as mobile apps and games strive to incorporate mindfulness either explicitly (as mindfulness solutions) or implicitly (by training factors associated with mindfulness). The goal of this chapter is to clarify how mindfulness can be used in the context of HCI and provide practical insights for researchers and developers on how to create positive digital experiences. After a brief introduction of the intersection between those two fields, this chapter focuses on the challenge of operationalizing mindfulness and how it can be measured in HCI. Two review studies are presented, along with design recommendations, which are then applied in a case study. Results and implications are discussed.
Evaluating an E-Learning Application to Protect Vulnerable Users From Cyberbullying
Authors: McDonnell Marian , O'Sheehan Hannah , Connolly Irene
Published: May 2019

This research project evaluates Let's Be Safe, an e-learning application. This application aims to educate young adults with intellectual disability about cyberbullying—an issue prevalent among this population—and cybersafety. Twenty-two individuals with mild to moderate intellectual disability took part in the research. The study employed a mixed-methods design including observational and inquiry methods of usability evaluation as well as focus groups. The evaluation investigated the relationships between perceived aesthetics, emotional response, and usability for the application. The focus group gathered information from the participants regarding their knowledge and experience of cyberbullying and cybersafety. The analyses found no significant relationships between aesthetics, emotional response, and usability for this user group. However, the research gathered data, which will contribute to the development of Let's Be Safe. The findings of the focus group revealed that cyberbullying is an issue among this population.
Unplanned Removal of Medical Devices in Critical Care Units in North West England Between 2011 and 2016
Authors: Balmforth Joanna E. , Thomas Antony N.
Published: May 2019

Background

The unplanned removal of medical devices poses a risk of harm to critically ill patients.

Objective

To determine rates, causes, and consequences of unplanned medical device removal, as well as factors mitigating harm to patients, in critical care units in the United Kingdom by reviewing patient safety incident reports.

Methods

Incidents of unplanned medical device removal in critical care units in North West England between 2011 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed and classified. The incidents were classified by type of device displaced, staff and patient factors, causes and consequences of removal, and staff actions following removal. Displacement rates were calculated per 1000 patient days per unit.

Results

A total of 34 705 incident reports were reviewed, of which 1090 described unplanned device removal. The median rate of device removal was 0.7 (interquartile range, 0.4-2.2) per 1000 patient days per unit. Devices displaced most commonly included nasogastric tubes (317), central catheters (245), tracheostomy tubes (174), and endotracheal tubes (140). A total of 11 cardiac arrests were reported (8 associated with airway devices and 3 with central catheters). Factors contributing to displacement included initial placement (188), patient factors (563), and manual handling (238). Manual handling was cited in 49% of central catheter incidents and only 9% of nasogastric tube incidents. Patients’ organic confusion was a factor in 16% of endotracheal tube and 80% of nasogastric tube removals.

Conclusions

Unplanned device removal may cause patient harm and is often preventable. The causes and consequences depend on the type of device removed.
Low-Dose Maraviroc, an Antiretroviral Drug, Attenuates the Infiltration of T Cells into the Central Nervous System and Protects the Nigrostriatum in Hemiparkinsonian Monkeys
Authors: Mondal Susanta , Rangasamy Suresh B. , Roy Avik , Dasarathy Sridevi , Kordower Jeffrey H. , Pahan Kalipada
Published: May 2019

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder in humans. Despite intense investigation, no effective therapy is available to stop the progression of this disease. It is becoming clear that both innate and adaptive immune responses are active in PD. Accordingly, we have reported a marked increase in RANTES and eotaxin, chemokines that are involved in T cell trafficking, in vivo in the substantia nigra (SN) and the serum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine–intoxicated hemiparkinsonian monkeys. Because RANTES and eotaxin share a common receptor, CCR5, we examined the efficacy of maraviroc, an inhibitor of CCR5 and a Food and Drug Administration–approved drug against HIV infection, in hemiparkinsonian rhesus monkeys. First, we found glial limitans injury, loss of GFAP immunostaining, and infiltration of T cells across the endothelial monolayer in SN of hemiparkinsonian monkeys. However, oral administration of a low dose of maraviroc protected glia limitans partially, maintained the integrity of endothelial monolayer, reduced the infiltration of T cells, attenuated neuroinflammation, and decreased α-synucleinopathy in the SN. Accordingly, maraviroc treatment also protected both the nigrostriatal axis and neurotransmitters and improved motor functions in hemiparkinsonian monkeys. These results suggest that low-dose maraviroc and other CCR5 antagonists may be helpful for PD patients.