bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pomegranate Peel Extract Reduces Diabetes-induced Collagen Turnover and Biochemical Imbalance in Rat Lung
Authors: Chehidi Amel , Dab Houcine , Rahmani Rami , Zourgui Lazhar , Khabir Abdelmajid
Published: December 2022

Diabetes causes lung function disorders. However, pulmonary collagen turnover under diabetes has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate collagen turnover in lung and to evaluate protective effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE). Diabetes model in rat was induced by alloxan (250 mg/kg, i.p.). PPE treated rats received 100 mg/kg of PPE for 30 days. PPE was characterized by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydroxyproline was determined by colourimetric assay kit, total collagen using ELISA kit and by histopathological assay. Collagenases (MMP-1,-8,-13) wereanalyzed by fluorometric method. Antioxidant enzyme activities and inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. Diabetes decreases SOD activity and increases CRP level by 33% (p < 0.05) and 125% (p < 0.01), respectively, when compared to the control group. PPE abrogated diabetesinduced SOD activity and CRP level disturbance. Collagenase activity was lower in diabetes and PPE group by 38% (p < 0.05) and 34% (p < 0.05), respectively, when compared to control. Diabetes increased significantly collagen and hydroxyproline by 32% (p < 0.05) and 192% (p < 0.01), respectively, and restored at similar level than controls in PPE group. Lung histopathological assay showed distended alveoli and peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration in diabetic group. Compared to diabetic, PPE limits inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue. Diabetes causes ECM imbalance and enhances inflammation in lung wall, which can be abrogated by PPE.
Mineralogical Transformation and Microstructure of the Killik Region Clays
Authors: Izci Ertugrul
Published: December 2022

Killik region (Mihalı¸c¸cık, Eski¸sehir, Turkey) is one of the most important loughlinite clay mineral deposits in Turkey and in the world. Along with loughlinite, analcime and dolomite minerals are also found in this deposit, which is not operable. Anorthoclase (94.61%) and quartz (4.94%) minerals (K2 sample) were obtained as the final product by applying Na ion exchange and thermal exchange processes to the minerals (K1 sample) taken from this deposit. In this study, XRD, Raman and infrared spectroscopies, and SEM techniques were used to characterize the phase structure of the K1 and K2 samples. As a result of this research, obtaining high purity anorthoclase mineral will encourage new research on new usage areas of anorthoclase mineral.
The Effect of CD300A Receptor on Caspase-1 Activity in the Context of Cell Death and on Its Activators Nlrp3 and Asc in Sertoli Cells
Authors: Tsvetkova Ilka , Tsvetankova Radostina , Todorova Krassimira , Hayrabedyan Soren
Published: December 2022

The phagocytosis of spermatozoa cytoplasm by Sertoli cells is a key maturation event during spermiation and takes place in a blood-testis barrier maintained immune-privileged environment that is essential for the prevention of the sperm self-antigens from presentation. We have recently discovered Nlrp3 inflammasome to be functional in Sertoli cells upon TLR4 and NOD receptors challenge in ATP danger presence, resulting in release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell death that could potentially result in breaking of the selftolerance. In this context we have investigated, the considered inhibitory, phagocytic receptor CD300a that is able to detect eventually sperm cell surface apoptotic signals. We found CD300a to be essential for Nlrp3 inflammasome activation via CD300a-dependent Asc expression and both caspase-1 and caspase-3 activation, since its gene silencing abrogated these events. At the same time CD300a demonstrated bi-directional regulatory abilities, supressing Gasdermin D inflammasome effector pro- and activated forms. CD300a had a restrictive effect on cell population level reducing caspase positive cells in strong caspase-1 and 3, and weak caspase-3 expressing dead cells, suggesting key regulatory role in Sertoli cell faith. CD300a should be further explored as its potential perturbation could play a role in putative self-antigen-toleranceperturbation and thus contribute to male infertility.
DNA Repair Gene OGG1 Ser326Cys Polymorphism and DNA Damage in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Caliskan Zeynep , Erdogan Gizem , Mutlu Tuba , Niyazioglu Mutlu , Hacioglu Yalcin , Tuncdemir Matem , Guven Mehmet , Dincer Yildiz
Published: December 2022

8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the most frequent oxidative DNA damage. 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is involved in the repair of 8-OHdG. Many studies indicated that DNA repair is decreased in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may be linked to a decrease in DNA repair activity. The main objective of this study was to see how the OGG1 Ser326Cys gene polymorphism affected OGG1 expression and urinary excretion of 8-OHdG in T2DM patients. OGG1 expression and OGG1 genotyping in lymphocytes were detected by immunocytochemical staining and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism assay, respectively. Urinary 8-OHdG levels were measured by using ELISA kit in patients with T2DM. Compared with control cases, patients with T2DM had lower OGG1 immunopositivity and higher urinary 8-OHdG levels. No significant difference was found in OGG1 immunopositivity or urinary 8-OHdG levels between subjects with different OGG1 genotypes in both groups. In conclusion, The OGG1 Ser326Cys gene polymorphism has no effect on neither OGG1 expression nor urinary 8-OHdG levels. Increased urinary 8-OHdG levels despite low OGG1 immunopositivity may be derived from the action of other DNA repair enzymes.
Evolutionary divergence in the conformational landscapes of tyrosine vs serine/threonine kinases
Authors: Gizzio Joan , Thakur Abhishek , Haldane Allan , Levy Ronald M
Published: December 2022

Inactive conformations of protein kinase catalytic domains where the DFG motif has a “DFG-out” orientation and the activation loop is folded present a druggable binding pocket that is targeted by FDA-approved ‘type-II inhibitors’ in the treatment of cancers. Tyrosine kinases (TKs) typically show strong binding affinity with a wide spectrum of type-II inhibitors while serine/threonine kinases (STKs) usually bind more weakly which we suggest here is due to differences in the folded to extended conformational equilibrium of the activation loop between TKs vs. STKs. To investigate this, we use sequence covariation analysis with a Potts Hamiltonian statistical energy model to guide absolute binding free-energy molecular dynamics simulations of 74 protein-ligand complexes. Using the calculated binding free energies together with experimental values, we estimated free-energy costs for the large-scale (~17–20 Å) conformational change of the activation loop by an indirect approach, circumventing the very challenging problem of simulating the conformational change directly. We also used the Potts statistical potential to thread large sequence ensembles over active and inactive kinase states. The structure-based and sequence-based analyses are consistent; together they suggest TKs evolved to have free-energy penalties for the classical ‘folded activation loop’ DFG-out conformation relative to the active conformation, that is, on average, 4–6 kcal/mol smaller than the corresponding values for STKs. Potts statistical energy analysis suggests a molecular basis for this observation, wherein the activation loops of TKs are more weakly ‘anchored’ against the catalytic loop motif in the active conformation and form more stable substrate-mimicking interactions in the inactive conformation. These results provide insights into the molecular basis for the divergent functional properties of TKs and STKs, and have pharmacological implications for the target selectivity of type-II inhibitors.
The holy grail of longevity research
Authors: Mathuru Ajay S
Published: December 2022

A new technology to study physiology and cognition elevates African turquoise killifish as a model organism for studies of aging in vertebrates.
Development of a Game-Based Test Instrument Using RPG Maker MZ Software on Exponential Functional Materials
Authors: . Jumroh , Fitriani Amalia , Fitriasari Putri
Published: December 2022

This study aims to produce a game using software RPG Maker on valid, practical and reliable exponential function material. The type of research used is Research and Development with the ADDIE model. The product in this study was tested on class X students at SMK PGRI 2 Palembang in the even semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. With data collection techniques, namely interviews, validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and test questions. Product validity was seen from the validation questionnaire by three validators and obtained a score of 81.90% with a very valid category. The practicality of the product was seen from the student response questionnaire and obtained a score of 80.33% in the very practical category. Reliability is seen from the test results and obtained a reliability score of 0.608 with a high reliability category.
Expression Recognition Algorithm Enhancements for Students Who Integrate Artificial Intelligence Games into Classrooms to Gain Sensitivity
Authors: Sun Minyu
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes an evaluation index system for students' learning performance in colleges and universities, which is composed of 16 indicators in four categories with the integration of artificial intelligence games into the classroom as the basic framework. In terms of functions and evaluation, the theoretical structure and analysis path have been improved. Guided by the improvement of residents' sense of acquisition, the index of students' sense of acquisition is selected. Combining the three-dimensional learning state space with the emotional dimension theory, by analyzing the students' expressive states in the pleasant dimension, combined with the intensity of arousal and valence, an effective classroom state division method is realized, based on behavior theory.
Financial Distress Prediction: A Hybrid Tracking Model Approach
Authors: Shen Zong-De , Chen Suduan
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to build a highly accurate corporate financial distress tracking and prediction model based on hybrid machine learning technology. The research data were from Taiwan Economic Journal, and the research subjects were enterprises with financial distress risk announced in September 2022. In consideration of enterprise features, this study excluded the finance and insurance industries. The research period was three years (2019, 2020, and 2021) before the distress announcement. This study matched enterprises with financial distress and enterprises without financial distress (normal enterprises) at a ratio of 1:1 for each year. The sample size for each year included 374 enterprises with financial distress and 374 enterprises without financial distress. This study applied several machine learning technologies. At first, important variables were screened by applying artificial neural networks (ANNs). Next, prediction models were built based on decision tree C5.0 and random forest (RF) and were compared. According to the empirical result, the ANN-RF model provided a higher accuracy.
Extended Local Convergence for the Chebyshev Method under the Majorant Condition
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , John Jinny Ann , Jayaraman Jayakumar , Regmi Samundra
Published: December 2022

In this article, we present the study on local convergence behaviour of Chebyshev's method, which is a third order iterative method used to solve a non-linear system in Banach space locale. In contrast to the earlier works, we establish the convergence using restricted-majorant conditions. As a result, we get betterconvergence radius and more tighter error estimates in comparison to the previous researches. Suitable numerical examples complement the theory.
Characterization of Virulent Bacterial Isolates Associated with Multi-Drug Resistance among Patients with Surgical Site Infections in Selected Specialist Hospitals in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Upula Sylvanus Akpak , Ekong Ubong , Ekpiken Ekpiken Solomon , Enya Joseph Nkami , Ije Uchenna Eze , Sam-Uket Nwuyi Okori
Published: December 2022

Aims: Increasing research findings have documented the continuous emergence and threats posed by drug resistant clinical isolates from post-operative wound infections to commonly used antibiotics globally. This hospital-based study investigated virulent bacterial pathogens implicated with post-operative wound infections among surgical site infection (SSI) patients in Calabar, Nigeria and determined their antibiotic resistance pattern.

Methodology: A total of 127 bacterial isolates of different genus from 110 SSI patients, were isolated from pus and surgical wound exudates and fully characterized using standard bacteriological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates were determined using Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method, following the guidelines by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI).

Results: Multi-drug resistant bacteria isolated and their percentage frequency were coagulase Negative Staphylococci (21.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (19.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.2%), Escherichia coli (11.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.4%), Enterococcus faecium (6.3), Enterobacter cloacae (4.7%), Proteus mirabilis (4.7%), Acinetobacter baumannii (3.1%), Pseudomonas putida (3.1%) and Aerococcus viridans (1.6%). Among gram-positive bacteria isolated, S. aureus showed highest resistance to several antimicrobials (100% to oxacillin, 96% to ciprofloxacin, 92% to levofloxacin, and 76% resistance to vancomycin). All recovered S. aureus isolates were cefoxitin screen positive indicating possible MRSA isolates. Additionally, among Gram-negative isolates K. pneumoniae was found to possess higher resistance to several antibiotics (66.7% resistance to each of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime, trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole, cefazolin, ampicillin, tobramycin and 58.3% resistance to each of ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and ampicillin/sulbactam). Statistical analysis of categorical variables of study subjects revealed that length of hospital stay, type of surgery, previous admission history, antibiotic use, and age were significant (p<0.05) in SSI outcome of patients, while patients’ gender was not significant (p>0.05) in SSI outcome.

Conclusion: Adherence to measures of strict infection control, optimal preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative patient care, including multifaceted approaches involving surveillance, and antimicrobial stewardship, are vital to SSI treatment outcomes.
Effect of Panchagavya and Leaf Extracts of Moringa, Neem and Seaweed on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L)
Authors: Kavya S. , Rai Prashant Kumar
Published: December 2022

The present investigation was carried out at Field Experimentation Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) for “Effect of Panchagavya and Leaf Extracts of Moringa, Neem and Seaweed on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L) Variety-All Green”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with thirteen treatments including control which were replicated thrice on spinach seed variety ‘All-Green’ were used to study under field conditions .The treatments were as follows, T0- Control, T1,T2,T3 – Panchagavya @ (3,5,7%) for 8Hrs, T4,T5,T6 – Neem leaf extract @ (3,5,7%) for 8hrs, T7,T8,T9 – Moringa leaf extract @(3,5,7%) for 8hrs, T10,T11,T12 – Seaweed liquid extract@ (2,4,6%) for 8hrs respectively. ANOVA given the significance difference among all treatments compared to control for all parameters under study. It is concluded from the present study that the seeds of Spinach variety – All Green treated with T10-Seaweed Liquid Extract@ 2% for 8hrs was recorded the highest Number of leaves(19), length of leaf (cm)(12.8), No. of seeds per plant(gm) (4.08), Number of seeds per plot (gm)(69.46), Biological yield per plant (g)(79.73), Harvest index(69.67) followed by T3 Panchagavya @ 7% for 8hrs producing number of leaves(18), length of leaf(cm)(11.2),No. of seeds per plant (gm) (3.71), Number of seeds per plot (gm)(63.05), Biological yield per plant (g)(73.56), Harvest index(65.10) which were highly significant at 5% level of significance.
Single‐cell protein profiling defines cell populations associated with triple‐negative breast cancer aggressiveness
Authors: Kvokačková Barbora , Fedr Radek , Kužílková Daniela , Stuchlý Jan , Vávrová Adéla , Navrátil Jiří , Fabian Pavel , Ondruššek Róbert , Ovesná Petra , Remšík Ján , Bouchal Jan , Kalina Tomáš , Souček Karel
Published: December 2022

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and complex subtype of breast cancer that lacks targeted therapy. TNBC manifests characteristic, extensive intratumoral heterogeneity that promotes disease progression and influences drug response. Single‐cell techniques in combination with next‐generation computation provide an unprecedented opportunity to identify molecular events with therapeutic potential. Here, we describe the generation of a comprehensive mass cytometry panel for multiparametric detection of 23 phenotypic markers and 13 signaling molecules. This single‐cell proteomic approach allowed us to explore the landscape of TNBC heterogeneity, with particular emphasis on the tumor microenvironment. We prospectively profiled freshly resected tumors from 26 TNBC patients. These tumors contained phenotypically distinct subpopulations of cancer and stromal cells that were associated with the patient's clinical status at the time of surgery. We further classified the epithelial‐mesenchymal plasticity of tumor cells, and molecularly defined phenotypically diverse populations of tumor‐associated stroma. Furthermore, in a retrospective tissue‐microarray TNBC cohort, we showed that the level of CD97 at the time of surgery has prognostic potential.
Immune‐related matrisomes are potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis and immune microenvironment of glioma patients
Authors: Yu Hao , Wang Minjie , Wang Xuan , Jiang Xiaobing
Published: December 2022

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a vital role in the progression and metastasis of glioma and is an important part of the tumor microenvironment. The matrisome is composed of ECM components and related proteins. There have been several studies on the effects of matrisomes on the glioma immune microenvironment, but most of these studies were performed on individual glioma immune‐related matrisomes rather than integral analysis. Hence, an overall analysis of all potential immune‐related matrisomes in gliomas is needed. Here, we divided 667 glioma patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database into low, moderate, and high immune infiltration groups. Immune‐related matrisomes differentially expressed among the three groups were analyzed, and a risk signature was established. Eight immune‐related matrisomes were screened, namely, LIF, LOX, MMP9, S100A4, SRPX2, SLIT1, SMOC1, and TIMP1. Kaplan–Meier analysis, operating characteristic curve analysis, and nomogram were constructed to analyze the relationships between risk signatures and the prognosis of glioma patients. The risk signature was significantly correlated with the overall survival of glioma patients. Both high‐ and low‐risk signatures were also associated with some immune checkpoints. In addition, analysis of somatic mutations and anti‐PD1/L1 immunotherapy responses in the high‐ and low‐risk groups showed that the high‐risk group had worse prognosis and a higher response to anti‐PD1/L1 immunotherapy. Our analysis of immune‐related matrisomes may improve understanding of the characteristics of the glioma immune microenvironment and provide direction for glioma immunotherapy development in the future.
Do we need patient‐specific QA for adaptively generated plans? Retrospective evaluation of delivered online adaptive treatment plans on Varian Ethos
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Stanley Dennis N. , Cardenas Carlos E. , Harms Joseph , Popple Richard A.
Published: December 2022

Background

The clinical introduction of dedicated treatment units for online adaptive radiation therapy (OART) has led to widespread adoption of daily adaptive radiotherapy. OART allows for rapid generation of treatment plans using daily patient anatomy, potentially leading to reduction of treatment margins and increased normal tissue sparing. However, the OART workflow does not allow for measurement of patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) during treatment delivery sessions and instead relies on secondary dose calculations for verification of adapted plans. It remains unknown if independent dose verification is a sufficient surrogate for PSQA measurements.

Purpose

To evaluate the plan quality of previously treated adaptive plans through multiple standard PSQA measurements.

Methods

This IRB‐approved retrospective study included sixteen patients previously treated with OART at our institution. PSQA measurements were performed for each patient's scheduled and adaptive plans: five adaptive plans were randomly selected to perform ion chamber measurements and two adaptive plans were randomly selected for ArcCHECK measurements. The same ArcCHECK 3D dose distribution was also sent to Mobius3D to evaluate the second‐check dosimetry system.

Results

All (n = 96) ion chamber measurements agreed with the planned dose within 3% with a mean of 1.4% (± 0.7%). All (n = 48) plans passed ArcCHECK measurements using a 95% gamma passing threshold and 3%/2 mm criteria with a mean of 99.1% (± 0.7%). All (n = 48) plans passed Mobius3D second‐check performed with 95% gamma passing threshold and 5%/3 mm criteria with a mean of 99.0% (± 0.2%).

Conclusion

Plan measurement for PSQA may not be necessary for every online‐adaptive treatment verification. We recommend the establishment of a periodic PSQA check to better understand trends in passing rates for delivered adaptive treatments.
Detecting deception attacks in cyber‐physical linear parameter varying systems with packet loss
Authors: Golabi Arash , Erradi Abdelkarim , Tantawy Ashraf , Shaban Khaled
Published: December 2022

The increased connectivity of cyber‐physical systems (CPS) to enterprise networks raises challenging security concerns. Detecting attacks on CPS is a vital step to improving their security. Most of the existing attack detectors are for CPS with linear dynamics. In this study, an investigation is made for designing a detector of deception attacks in a cyber‐physical linear parameter varying (LPV) system in the presence of packet loss. A model‐based attack detector is designed to detect deception attacks on output measurements, actuators, or schedule variables. With an unreliable network, the LPV attack detector enhances detection capacity and attenuates disturbances on the detector module to improve detection accuracy. During communication, packet loss results in network unreliability, which is modeled by the Bernoulli process. Stochastic stability is used to determine LPV attack detector parameters. A residual signal is built by comparing the detector's output and the actual sensor measurement and provides the deception attack's essential data. However, the packet loss causes some impulse signals in the residual signal, resulting in false alarms. Therefore, the detector module is equipped with a median filter to suppress packet loss's effect on evaluating the residual signal. Tests and validations of the proposed approach are performed on a two‐tank system and a continuous stirred tank reactor. According to evaluation results conducted on two testbeds, the proposed method accurately detects deception attacks even when there is packet loss.
Polymer/Carbon Composites with Versatile Interfacial Interactions for High Performance Carbon‐Based Thermoelectrics: Principles and Applications
Authors: Liang Jia , Cui Ruopeng , Zhang Xuefei , Koumoto Kunihito , Wan Chunlei
Published: December 2022

The urgent demand for renewable energy has attracted widespread interest in polymer‐based thermoelectric materials due to easy fabrication, high flexibility, low toxicity, low thermal conductivity, and great potential in industrial applications. However, the power factors of the polymers are still quite low compared with those of their inorganic counterparts, resulting in a low energy conversion efficiency. Highly conductive carbon materials, including graphene and carbon nanotubes, have recently been incorporated into the polymer matrix through intrinsic chemical intimacy, providing new opportunities to tune the thermoelectric properties. In particular, the characteristic π‐π coupling and other interactions between the two components have contributed to unique mechanisms for better thermoelectric performance beyond the simple rule of mixtures. This paper aims to review the up‐to‐date progress in polymer/carbon nanocomposites along with various compositions and novel synthetic strategies. The salient aspects of this review are characteristic interactions and various mechanisms, which might result in enhanced thermoelectric properties and subsequent potential applications in energy harvesting, wearable electronics, photo‐thermoelectrics, and other devices.
GDNF‐Loaded Polydopamine Nanoparticles‐Based Anisotropic Scaffolds Promote Spinal Cord Repair by Modulating Inhibitory Microenvironment
Authors: Ma Jinjin , Li Jiaying , Wang Xingran , Li Meimei , Teng Wenwen , Tao Zihan , Xie Jile , Ma Yanxia , Shi Qin , Li Bin , Saijilafu
Published: December 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury that causes permanent loss of sensation and motor function. SCI repair is a significant challenge due to the limited regenerating ability of adult neurons and the complex inflammatory microenvironment. After SCI, the oxidative stress induced by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) often leads to prolonged neuroinflammation that results in sustained damage to the spinal cord tissue. Polydopamine (PDA) shows remarkable capability in scavenging ROS to treat numerous inflammatory diseases. In this study, glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)‐loaded PDA nanoparticle‐based anisotropic scaffolds for spinal cord repair are developed. It is found that mesoporous PDA nanoparticles (mPDA NPs) in the scaffolds efficiently scavenge ROS and promote microglia M2 polarization, thereby inhibiting inflammatory response at the injury site and providing a favorable microenvironment for nerve cell survival. Furthermore, the GDNF encapsulated in mPDA NPs promotes corticospinal tract motor axon regeneration and its locomotor functional recovery. Together, findings from this study reveal that the GDNF‐loaded PDA/Gelatin scaffolds hold potential as an effective artificial transplantation material for SCI treatment.
Thermal‐Sinterable EGaIn Nanoparticle Inks for Highly Deformable Bioelectrode Arrays
Authors: Niu Yan , Tian Gongwei , Liang Cuiyuan , Wang Tianchi , Ma Xu , Gong Guifen , Qi Dianpeng
Published: December 2022

Liquid metal (especially eutectic gallium indium, EGaIn) nanoparticle inks overcome the poor wettability of high surface tension EGaIn to elastomer substrates and show great potential in soft electronics. Normally, a sintering strategy is required to break the oxide shells of the EGaIn nanoparticles (EGaIn NPs) to achieve conductive paths. Herein, for the first time, thermal‐sinterable EGaIn NP inks are prepared by introducing thermal expansion microspheres (TEMs) into EGaIn NP solution. Through the mechanical pressure induced by the expansion of the heated TEMs, the printed EGaIn NPs can be sintered into electrically conductive paths to achieve highly stretchable bioelectrode arrays, which exhibit giant electromechanical performance (up to 680% strain), good cyclic stability (over 2 × 104 cycles), and stable conductivity after high‐speed rotation (6000 rpm). Simultaneously, the recording sites are hermetically sealed by ionic elastomer layers, ensuring the complete leakage‐free property of EGaIn and reducing the electrochemical impedance of the electrodes (891.16 Ω at 1 kHz). The bioelectrode is successfully applied to monitor dynamic electromyographic signals. The sintering strategy overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional sintering strategies, such as leakage of EGaIn, reformation of large EGaIn droplets, and low throughput, which promotes the application of EGaIn in soft electronics.
Well‐Defined Fullerene Bisadducts Enable High‐Performance Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Chao , Yang Panpan , Nan Ziang , Tian Chengbo , Cai Yuanting , Chen Jingfu , Qi Fangfang , Tian Hanrui , Xie Liqiang , Meng Lingyi , Wei Zhanhua
Published: December 2022

Tin‐based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) are attracting intense research interest due to their excellent optoelectric properties and eco‐friendly features. To further improve the device performance, developing new fullerene derivatives as electron transporter layers (ETLs) is highly demanded. Four well‐defined regioisomers (trans‐2, trans‐3, trans‐4, and e) of diethylmalonate‐C60 bisadduct (DCBA) are isolated and well characterized. The well‐defined molecular structure enables us to investigate the real structure‐dependent effects on photovoltaic performance. It is found that the chemical structures of the regioisomers not only affect their energy levels, but also lead to significant differences in their molecular packings and interfacial contacts. As a result, the devices with trans‐2, trans‐3, trans‐4, and e as ETLs yield efficiencies of 11.69%, 14.58%, 12.59%, and 10.55%, respectively, which are higher than that of the as‐prepared DCBA‐based (10.28%) device. Notably, the trans‐3‐based device also demonstrates a certified efficiency of 14.30%, representing one of the best‐performing TPSCs.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Mediated Drug Delivery for First Aid
Authors: Sheng Tao , Jin Rui , Yang Changwei , Qiu Ke , Wang Mingyang , Shi Jiaqi , Zhang Jingyu , Gao Yuman , Wu Qing , Zhou Xin , Wang Hao , Zhang Juan , Fang Qin , Pan Neng , Xue Yanan , Wang Yue , Xiong Rong , Gao Fei , Zhang Yuqi , Lu Haojian , Yu Jicheng , Gu Zhen
Published: December 2022

Timely administration of key medications toward patients with sudden diseases is critical to saving lives. However, slow transport of first‐aid therapeutics and the potential absence of trained people for drug usage can lead to severe injuries or even death. Herein, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐mediated first‐aid system for targeted delivery (uFAST) is developed. It allows unattended administration of emergency therapeutics‐loaded transdermal microneedle (MN) patches toward patients to relieve symptoms by a contact‐triggered microneedle applicator (CTMA). The implementability and safety of the uFAST for first aid is demonstrated in a severe hypoglycemic pig model by automatically delivering a glucagon patch with immediate and bioresponsive dual release modes. This platform technique may facilitate the development of UAV‐mediated first‐aid treatments for other sudden diseases.
Highly Efficient Inherent Linearly Polarized Electroluminescence from Small‐Molecule Organic Single Crystals
Authors: Jia Ruofei , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Huanyu , Zhang Xiujuan , Cheng Shuiling , Pan Jing , Wang Chaoqiang , Pirzado Azhar Ali Ayaz , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping , Jie Jiansheng , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: December 2022

Small‐molecule organic single crystals (SCs) with an inherent in‐plane anisotropic nature enable direct linearly polarized light emission without the need for spatially separated polarizers and complex optical structures. However, the device performance is severely restricted by the starvation of appropriate SC emitters and the difficulty in the construction of efficient SC electroluminescence (EL) devices, leading to a low external quantum efficiency (EQE) of usually smaller than 1.5%. Here, highly efficient inherent linearly polarized light‐emitting diodes (LP‐LEDs) are demonstrated by exploiting 2,6‐diphenylanthracene (DPA) SCs as intrinsically polarized emitters. The LP‐LEDs exhibit a 2.5‐fold enhanced maximum EQE of 3.38%, which approaches the theoretical limit for the DPA SC‐based EL device and is the highest among organic SC‐based LEDs reported thus far. More importantly, a high degree of polarization (DOP) up to 0.74 is achieved for the intrinsically polarized EL emission of the DPA SC‐based LP‐LEDs. By leveraging the highly efficient LP‐LED, an interchip polarized optical communication system consisting of organic SCs is demonstrated for the first time. This work creates a solid foundation for the exploitation of a vast new library of small‐molecule organic SCs for LP‐LEDs and carries broad implications for polarized optics and relevant optoelectronic devices.
Recent Advances in the Use of Covalent Organic Frameworks as Heterogenous Photocatalysts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: López‐Magano Alberto , Daliran Saba , Oveisi Ali Reza , Mas‐Ballesté Rubén , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Alemán José , Garcia Hermenegildo , Luque Rafael
Published: December 2022

Organic photochemistry is intensely developed in the 1980s, in which the nature of excited electronic states and the energy and electron transfer processes are thoroughly studied and finally well‐understood. This knowledge from molecular organic photochemistry can be transferred to the design of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as active visible‐light photocatalysts. COFs constitute a new class of crystalline porous materials with substantial application potentials. Featured with outstanding structural tunability, large porosity, high surface area, excellent stability, and unique photoelectronic properties, COFs are studied as potential candidates in various research areas (e.g., photocatalysis). This review aims to provide the state‐of‐the‐art insights into the design of COF photocatalysts (pristine, functionalized, and hybrid COFs) for organic transformations. The catalytic reaction mechanism of COF‐based photocatalysts and the influence of dimensionality and crystallinity on heterogenous photocatalysis performance are also discussed, followed by perspectives and prospects on the main challenges and opportunities in future research of COFs and COF‐based photocatalysts.
Zero to Three Dimension Structure Evolution from Carbon Allotropes to Phosphorus Allotropes
Authors: Ye Xiaohui , Qi Ming , Chen Mengzhen , Zhang Lihui , Zhang Jinying
Published: December 2022

As the promising and highly‐focused materials after silicon, carbon, and phosphorus promote the development of nanotechnology due to its allotropes with unique structures and properties. The carbon allotropes of 0D fullerene, 1D carbon nanotube, and 2D graphene stimulate the investigation of structures, synthesis, properties, and further applications of carbon nanomaterials. Analogous to carbon, phosphorus is demonstrated to have a rich phase diagram. 0D phosphorus fullerenes, 1D phosphorus nanotubes and fibrous red phosphorus, and recently 2D black phosphorene and violet phosphorene have unique structures analogous to carbon fullerene, carbon nanotube, and graphene, is developed. The photoelectronic properties and further applications of the phosphorus allotropes as semiconductors, energy storage materials, biomaterials, and sensors are also investigated. Great efforts are dedicated to studies of the synthesis, structure, and properties of carbons and phosphorus. However, there is no systematic review of the structure of phosphorus allotropes compared to carbon allotropes. Herein, the structures along with possible future perspective of carbon and phosphorus allotropes review and compare in this work based on the classification of different dimensions.
Halide Perovskite Excitonic Diffraction Grating
Authors: Mamaeva Mariia P. , Lozhkin Maksim S. , Shurukhina Anna V. , Stroganov Boris V. , Emeline Alexei V. , Kapitonov Yury V.
Published: December 2022

Resonant diffractive optical elements can be used to create the desired spatial and angular distribution of scattered light in a narrow wavelength range. Exciton resonance could help to make such elements active. Here an exciton diffraction grating made from fully inorganic CsPbBr3 halide perovskite is demonstrated. Spatial modulation of excitonic properties of the single crystal is achieved using local defect formation by 30 keV Ga+ focused ion irradiation with low irradiation dose 1014 cm−2. Such a low dose prevents the appearance of non‐resonant diffraction since no sample milling occurs. The observed diffraction reflex has a maximum efficiency of 2.3 × 10−3 at the free exciton resonance and 1.7 meV spectral width. The temperature, angular, and spectral properties of resonant diffraction are studied. The possibility of creating exciton diffraction gratings based on halide perovskites is one more confirmation of their applicability as a new material for information photonics.
Flexible Displays with Multimode Reversible Switching between Transparent and Colorful States
Authors: Wang Wentao , Zhou Yicheng , Yang Liu , Lin Junlan , Zhao Gaochong , Yao Yuyuan , Li Feihu , Zhang Lixiu , Ding Liming , Tang Bingtao
Published: December 2022

Integrating responsive photonic crystals (RPCs) and quantum dots (QDs) effectively to realize multimode dynamic color regulation is of great significance for promoting advances in color display science. Herein, a new type of flexible dynamic color display with multimode reversible switching between transparent and colorful states based on the combination of RPCs and CdTe QDs is designed. This unique system is fabricated by encapsulating a thin layer of ordered arrays of SiO2@CdTe@SiO2 (SQS) colloids with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which generates an elastic film with sandwiched structure of PDMS/SQS/PDMS. Owing to the similarity in the optical properties of PDMS and SQS, the display is highly transparent in the normal state. Moreover, the resultant flexible display exhibits obvious change in color by mechanical stimuli or UV exposure. Finally, the ability to display joints motion amplitudes of human body as well as the applications in advanced security is demonstrated.
Six‐Photon Excited Self‐Trapped Excitons Photoluminescence in Lead‐Free Halide Perovskite
Authors: Jiang Jutao , Niu Guangming , Sui Laizhi , Wang Xiaowei , Zeng Xiangyu , Zhang Yutong , Che Li , Wu Guorong , Yuan Kaijun , Yang Xueming
Published: December 2022

Multiphoton absorption (MPA) effects are suitable for biophotonic applications due to the long penetration depth and high spatial confinement. Compared with lead halide perovskites, relevant studies on MPA effects of lead‐free perovskites are still scarce, especially for the high‐order MPA effects. Herein, an all‐inorganic lead‐free Cs2TeCl6 perovskite crystal is reported that exhibits three‐ to six‐photon absorption (3PA to 6PA) effects over a wavelength range of 800–2200 nm. The results of steady and transient optical experiments indicate that the single‐ and multiphoton excited broadband orange emission in Cs2TeCl6 crystals is attributed to the self‐trapped excitons (STEs) recombination. What is more, the 6PA cross‐section (δ6) has been determined to be 1.87 × 10−174 cm12 s5 photon−5 (at 1980 nm). As far as it is known, the high‐order 6PA effect is unprecedented in lead‐free perovskites, which paves the way for the future development of lead‐free perovskite high‐order multiphoton application.
CD73, a Promising Therapeutic Target of Diclofenac, Promotes Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer through a Nucleotidase Independent Mechanism
Authors: Liu Weishuai , Yu Xiaozhou , Yuan Yudong , Feng Yixing , Wu Chao , Huang Chongbiao , Xie Peng , Li Shengnan , Li Xiaofeng , Wang Ziyang , Qi Lisha , Chen Yanan , Shi Lei , Li Mulin Jun , Huang Zhiyong , Tang Bo , Chang Antao , Hao Jihui
Published: December 2022

CD73, a cell surface‐bound nucleotidase, facilitates extracellular adenosine formation by hydrolyzing 5′‐AMP to adenosine. Several studies have shown that CD73 plays an essential role in immune escape, cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis, making it an attractive target for cancer therapies. However, there are limited clinical benefits associated with the mainstream enzymatic inhibitors of CD73, suggesting that the mechanism underlying the role of CD73 in tumor progression is more complex than anticipated, and further investigation is necessary. In this study, CD73 is found to overexpress in the cytoplasm of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells and promotes metastasis in a nucleotidase‐independent manner, which cannot be restrained by the CD73 monoclonal antibodies or small‐molecule enzymatic inhibitors. Furthermore, CD73 promotes the metastasis of PDAC by binding to the E3 ligase TRIM21, competing with the Snail for its binding site. Additionally, a CD73 transcriptional inhibitor, diclofenac, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, is more effective than the CD73 blocking antibody for the treatment of PDAC metastasis. Diclofenac also enhances the therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in the spontaneous KPC (LSL‐KrasG12D/+, LSL‐Trp53R172H/+, and Pdx‐1‐Cre) pancreatic cancer model. Therefore, diclofenac may be an effective anti‐CD73 therapy, when used alone or in combination with gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy regimen, for metastatic PDAC.
Multifunctional Ag–In–Zn–S/Cs3Cu2Cl5‐Based Memristors with Coexistence of Non‐Volatile Memory and Volatile Threshold Switching Behaviors for Neuroinspired Computing
Authors: He Nan , Ye Fan , Liu Jun , Sun Tianlong , Wang Xinpeng , Hou Wenjie , Shao Weijing , Wan Xiang , Tong Yi , Xu Feng , Sheng Yang
Published: December 2022

Lead‐free all‐inorganic Cs3Cu2Cl5 perovskites, a member of the metal‐metal halide material family, have attracted pronounced attention owing to their low toxicity, facile fabrication strategies, considerable ambient stability, and intriguing photoelectric properties. However, the application of environmentally friendly copper‐based Cs3Cu2Cl5 in memristors has been rarely reported to the authors’ knowledge. Herein, multifunctional memristors with the coexistence of non‐volatile memory (MS) and volatile threshold switching (TS) behaviors are introduced based on an innovative Ag–In–Zn–S/Cs3Cu2Cl5 heterostructure. The inserted Ag–In–Zn–S quantum dots layer may provide an effective method for guiding the formation of the dominant metallic Ag filaments, resulting in considerably stable and controllable multiple switching behaviors. Additionally, the heterostructure memristor is capable of imitating some essential biological synaptic functions, including long‐term potentiation (LTP), long‐term depression (LTD), and the short‐term memory (STM) to long‐term memory (LTM) transition. Furthermore, the famous conditioning Pavlov's dog experiment corresponding to associative learning is electronically simulated by the studied device. Moreover, utilizing the devices’ LTP and LTD properties, relatively high recognition accuracies for small and large digits datasets are achieved through a three‐layer artificial neural network, revealing the feasibility of implementing neuromorphic computation using heterostructure memristors.
Kinetics and Pore Formation of the Sodium Metal Anode on NASICON‐Type Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 for Sodium Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Ortmann Till , Burkhardt Simon , Eckhardt Janis Kevin , Fuchs Till , Ding Ziming , Sann Joachim , Rohnke Marcus , Ma Qianli , Tietz Frank , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina , Kübel Christian , Guillon Olivier , Heiliger Christian , Janek Jürgen
Published: December 2022

In recent years, many efforts have been made to introduce reversible alkali metal anodes using solid electrolytes in order to increase the energy density of next‐generation batteries. In this respect, Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 is a promising solid electrolyte for solid‐state sodium batteries, due to its high ionic conductivity and apparent stability versus sodium metal. The formation of a kinetically stable interphase in contact with sodium metal is revealed by time‐resolved impedance analysis, in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Based on pressure‐ and temperature‐dependent impedance analyses, it is concluded that the Na|Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 interface kinetics is dominated by current constriction rather than by charge transfer. Cross‐sections of the interface after anodic dissolution at various mechanical loads visualize the formed pore structure due to the accumulation of vacancies near the interface. The temporal evolution of the pore morphology after anodic dissolution is monitored by time‐resolved impedance analysis. Equilibration of the interface is observed even under extremely low external mechanical load, which is attributed to fast vacancy diffusion in sodium metal, while equilibration is faster and mainly caused by creep at increased external load. The presented information provides useful insights into a more profound evaluation of the sodium metal anode in solid‐state batteries.
Morphology Matters: 0D/2D WO3 Nanoparticle‐Ruthenium Oxide Nanosheet Composites for Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Rates
Authors: Vignolo‐González Hugo A. , Gouder Andreas , Laha Sourav , Duppel Viola , Carretero‐Palacios Sol , Jiménez‐Solano Alberto , Oshima Takayoshi , Schützendübe Peter , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: December 2022

In the field of artificial photosynthesis with semiconductor light harvesters, the default cocatalyst morphologies are isotropic, 0D nanoparticles. Herein, the use of highly anisotropic 2D ruthenium oxide nanosheet (RONS) cocatalysts as an approach to enhance photocatalytic oxygen evolution (OER) rates on commercial WO3 nanoparticles (0D light harvester) is presented. At optimal cocatalyst loadings and identical photocatalysis conditions, WO3 impregnated with RONS (RONS/WO3) shows a fivefold increase in normalized photonic efficiency compared to when it is impregnated with conventional ruthenium oxide (rutile) nanoparticles (RONP/WO3). The superior RONS/WO3 performance is attributed to two special properties of the RONS: i) lower electrochemical water oxidation overpotential for RONS featuring highly active edge sites, and ii) decreased parasitic light absorption on RONS. Evidence is presented that OER photocatalytic performance can be doubled with control of RONS edges and it is shown that compared to WO3 impregnated with RONP, the advantageous optical properties and geometry of RONS decrease the fraction of light absorbed by the cocatalyst, thus reducing the parasitic light absorption on the RONS/WO3 composite. Therefore, the results presented in the current study are expected to promote engineering of cocatalyst morphology as a complementary concept to optimize light harvester‐cocatalyst composites for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency.