bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Nyeri Punggung Bawah pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III
Authors: Purnamasari Kurniati Devi , Widyawati Melyana Nurul
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe low back pain in third trimester pregnant women. The method used is a cross sectional descriptive study design. The results of the study, respondents who experienced mild pain as much as 20%, 50% experienced moderate pain and as many as 30% experienced severe pain accompanied by accompanying symptoms. Although it is a problem, 82% of adolescents only let go when pain arises or only drink warm water and press on the affected part (18%). Third trimester pregnant women seek help from their husbands and families (87.2%) regarding problems that arise and only, 12.8% of third trimester pregnant women seek help from health workers / midwives. In conclusion, most respondents have experienced low back muscle pain. Generally, information about the lower back is mostly obtained from other pregnant women and parents. When experiencing low back most pregnant women ask for help from their husbands and families.

 

Keywords: Trimester III Pregnant Women, Lower Back Pain
Pengaruh Fisioterapi Dada, Batuk Efektif dan Nebulizer terhadap Peningkatan Saturasi Oksigen dalam Darah pada Pasien PPOK
Authors: Nurmayanti Nurmayanti , Waluyo Agung , Jumaiyah Wati , Azzam Rohman
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chest physiotherapy, effective coughing, and nebulizer on increasing oxygen saturation in blood in COPD patients at Jakarta Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital. The design of this research is Quasi Experiment using observation method with One Group Pre-Post Test design approach. Statistical results of paired T test (Wilcoxon test) for the value of p = 0.001 (p <0.05). Conclusion, there is an effect of giving chest physiotherapy, effective cough and nebulizer to increase oxygen saturation in blood before and after intervention in COPD patients.

 

Keywords: Effective Cough Chest Physiotherapy, Nebulizer, COPD, Oxygen Saturation
Paket Edukasi Kelompok dan Peran Model Menurunkan Tingkat Isolasi Sosial Pasien HIV/AIDS
Authors: Sarwan Sarwan , Nur Busjra M. , Azzam Rohman
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of group education packages and the role of the model in reducing the social isolation scores of PLWHA in Tangerang District General Hospital. This type of quantitative research is quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test with control group design. The results of the dependent t-test obtained a mean score of social isolation before the intervention 57.78 and after the intervention 54.44 (p value 0.00 or p <0.05). The conclusion of the study is the effect of group education packages and the role of the model on the reduction of social isolation scores in PLWHA in Tangerang District General Hospital. Implementation of group education and role models need to be done to PLWHA to prevent social isolation, both routinely and gradually and controlled by health workers as educators.

 

Keywords: Social Isolation, PLWHA, Group Education Package, Role of the Model
P38 MAPK and Its Upstream Activators MKK3 and MKK6 Play an Important Role on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RANKL Expression by Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Garrepally Saritha , Prasad Garrepally
Published: November 2019

Resident, non-immune cells express various pattern-recognition receptors and produce inflammatory cytokines in response to microbial antigens, during the innate immune response. Alveolar bone resorption is the hallmark of destructive periodontitis and it is caused by the host response to bacteria and their mediators present on the biofilm. The balance between the expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factorkappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) is pivotal for osteoclast differentiation and activity and has been implicated in the progression of bone loss in periodontitis. To assess the contribution of resident cells to the bone resorption mediated by innate immune signaling, we stimulated fibroblasts and osteoblastic cells with LPS from. Escherichia coli (TLR4 agonist), Porphyromonas gingivalis (TLR2 and -4 agonist), and interleukin-1 beta (as a control for cytokine signaling through Toll/IL-1receptor domain) in time-response experiments. Expression of RANKL and OPG mRNA was studied by RT-PCR, whereas the production of RANKL protein and the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways were analyzed by western blot. We used biochemical inhibitors to assess the relative contribution of p38 MAPK and NF-kB signaling to the expression of RANKL and OPG induced by TLR2, -4 and IL1β in these cells. Both p38 MAPK and NFkB pathways were activated by these stimuli in fibroblasts and osteoblasts, but the kinetics of this activation varied in each cell type and with the nature of the stimulation. E. coli LPS was a stronger inducer of RANKL mRNA in fibroblasts, whereas LPS from P. gingivalis downregulated RANKL mRNA in periodontal ligament cells but increased its expression in osteoblasts. IL-1β induced RANKL in both cell types and without a marked effect on OPG expression. p38 MAPK was more relevant than NF-kB for the expression of RANKL and OPG in these cell types.
A Systems Approach To Secure Food, Good Health And A Healthy Environment
Authors: Drangert Jan-Olof
Published: November 2019

Urban areas are hot spots of consumption of products and disposal of waste. Societies have focused on access to food and goods, but today urbanisation forces them to engage in managing waste flows. In particular, to allow safe recovery and recycling of nutrients for agricultural usage in order to feed us all. Recycling presupposes reduction of harmful chemical substances and pathogens in waste in order to secure public and environmental health. Here, a five-step extended waste hierarchy is introduced to guide measures to be taken to reduce waste generation and to increase reuse and recycling. For instance, by substituting the mined phosphorus (P) in detergents and P in food and feed additives and reduce food waste over 40 % of currently used mined P can be saved. Another 15 to 30% can be recovered through reuse and recycling of solid and liquid organic waste. Such measures will make P almost limitless. Simultaneously, the secured food production will lead to reduced malnutrition and, together with a cleaner environment, to improved public health.
Wine and Health; it's a Story
Authors: Rifler Jean
Published: November 2019

Wine is the fruit of the vineyard and the work of man. Since the highest antiquity, wine has been an important element of ritual and sacrificial practices. In Greece, he was both a cult object and a symbol of culture.
Microbiological Sources and Nutritional Value of Single Cell Protein (SCP)
Authors: Al-Mudhafr Adnan
Published: November 2019

Working to achieve food security through the development of a food protein food renewable able to meet the daily dietary needs of protein and the production of food safe and healthy and healthy value added because of its production on the media (substrates) cheap and technological requirements available locally. It is a single-cell protein in addition to finding new and radical solutions to the problem of environmental pollution resulting from the dumping of large quantities of incidental substances, which cause a great deal of pollution and the destruction of useful microorganisms and useful and imbalance in the environmental balance, so it is possible to use microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, fungi, algae) in the production of biomass It can be used to feed both humans and animals.
Dyspnoea symptom intensity and impact on health-related quality of life in patients with cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: S. Ahmadi Nasser , Lindblad Ulf , Månsson Jörgen
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Dyspnoea is a prevalent symptom associated with significantly reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Accurate estimates of the severity and intensity of dyspnoea using standard tools in the clinic are important for the assessment of the severity of symptoms at later follow ups. Objectives: The current study had two aims. First, we sought to determine one-year changes in dyspnoea and health-related quality of life in patients with cardiac or respiratory diseases. Second, we sought to analyse the long-term associations between one-dimensional measurement methods and a generic instrument reflecting the multi-dimensionality of dyspnoea using the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Methods: We prospectively recruited adult dyspnoeic patients in a rural primary health care centre. Participants were assessed for demographics, symptoms, medications, and N-terminal B-Type natriuretic pro-peptide (Nt-proBNP) level, and underwent spirometry and echocardiography. Results were analysed at baseline and one-year after enrolment. Based on the assessment results, we categorized the patients into one of three groups as the underlying disorder for dyspnoea: cardiovascular, pulmonary or psychiatric disease. Results: The ordinal scales [New York Heart Association (NYHA), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS)] indicated a slight but not significant decrease in dyspnoea severity, whereas the VAS showed a significant reduction in dyspnoea severity (p = 0.001) overall as well as in the cardiovascular group. By contrast, patients with pulmonary disease showed no improvement. HRQoL, as determined by the eight domains of SF-36, was unchanged, and dyspnoea severity had no impact on the worsening of health status. The correlation coefficient by test-re-test (reliability) of values at baseline and at the end of the study was highly significant. Conclusion: As appropriate measurements for the assessment of dyspnoea using one-dimensional scales, both mMRC and VAS should be considered for measuring changes in dyspnoea severity. VAS should be considered particularly for long-term changes in dyspnoeic patients with cardiovascular disorders. Changes in the different domains of the SF-36 were not seen after one year.
Formation of technological and commodity qualities of sour cherry fruits in the conditions of the South of Russia
Authors: Zaremuk R. Sh. , Dolya Yu. А. , Smelik T. L. , Kopnina T. A.
Published: November 2019

There are presented the results of comparative evaluation of sour cherry varieties of different ecological-geographical and genetic origin on the main biochemical parameters of fruits, condioning the taste of the fruit: dry substances, sugars, vitamins, anthocyanins. It was revealed the dynamics of content of biochemical parameters in fresh fruits depending on weather conditions of year, stresses of various type and biological peculiarities of cherry varieties. According to the obtained data in the conditions of southern horticulture (the Kuban zone of fruit growing of Krasnodar Territory) in the fruits of sour cherry varieties on average 14.5-17.0 % of dry substances, 6.4-8.4 % of sugars, 7.0-8.0 mg/100 g of vitamin C, 117.5-160.1 mg/100 g of substances with P-vitamin activity, 207.8-275.3 mg/100 g of anthocyanins accumulate. It was determined that fruits of sour cherry-sweet cherry hybrids and varieties of local breeding are characterized by higher content of biochemical parameters. It was established that the influence of a number of stresses – high positive temperatures, long periods of drought, surplus of rainfall during the period of fruits formation – causes an increase or decrease in content of some biochemical parameters, a decrease in weight, and deterioration in taste. It was determined that domestic varieties Kazachka, Kirina, Shalun`ya and Igrushka are distinguished by a high content of soluble solids (16.0-17.9 %) and carbohydrates (8.4-9.1 %). Cherry varieties Vstrecha, Alexa and Nord Star are characterized by an increased vitamin C content (8.3-9.7 mg/100); cherry varieties Kirina, Kazachka, Nefris, Vstrecha and the Shalun`ya – by a high content of anthocyans (247,0-333,8 mg/100) and P–vitamin activity (187.0-201.0 mg/100); varieties Alexa, Kirina, Shalun`ya and Igrushka are characterized by relatively large fruits (5.5-6.5 g). According to the optimal and harmonious combination of biochemical parameters, high taste (tasting score 4.6-4.8 points) and to the commodity qualities of fruits, sour cherry varieties Kirina, Alexa, Shalun`ya and Igrushka were recommended for laying raw plantings and production of fresh fruits and various types of processing in the conditions of southern horticulture.
Rare species of pelargonium in the collection of the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops
Authors: Gutieva N. M.
Published: November 2019

This article presents the results of research on search and introduction of natural species of pelargonium in the humid subtropical zone of Russia. Many members of the genus Pelargonium are highly ornamental and well adapted to new growing conditions. On the basis of the Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, a collection of pelargonium was formed, which has about 200 accessions, includes species, varieties of domestic and foreign breeding (159 samples) and hybrid forms of great interest for breeding work. Hybrid Fund contains 50 promising hybrids, 17 of which are elite forms. According to the classification refined in 2014 by the German scientist J. Roeschenbleck it has representatives of all four branches (A, B, C1 and C2), four subgenera and 6 sections. Subgenus Pelargonium: Pelargonium section and Otidia; subgenus Parvulipetala: sections Peristera and Reniformia; subgenus Magnipetala: section Myrrhidium; subgenus Paucisignata: section Ciconium. The objects of research are the species of pelargonium sections of the Pelargonium, Peristera and Myrridium. A unified description of rare and promising species of pelargonium is given. Phenological phases of species pelargonium development were established. Peculiarities of their growth and reproduction under new growing conditions were studied. Species most adapted for cultivation in the humid subtropics of southern Russia were identified on the basis of a comprehensive evaluation of ornamentality and biological features. Maximum points (80) according to the General ornamental effect was observed in three types: P. сordifolium, P. fruticosum, P. canariensе. Pelargonium canariensе and fruticosum are long-flowering (more than 100 days), aromatic, resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors. P. australe, P.canariensе, Р. exstipulatum and P. cordifolium can be used in breeding as sources of useful traits.
Agrobiological and biochemical aspects of studying of the sweet cherry scion/stock combinations
Authors: Upadysheva G. Yu. , Motyleva S. M. , Tumaeva T. A. , Mertvisheva M. E.
Published: November 2019

Since 2008, at the demonstration site of the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (ARHIBAN) studies have been carried out to identify sweet cherry scion/stock combinations having optimal productivity and durability. The planting scheme was 5×3 m. There were studied growth and productivity of 24 scion/stock combinations of trees. Studies included the most winter-hardy varieties and stocks, bred in a severe climate. It is established that the development, productivity and durability of grafted trees are influenced by the variety, shape of the stock and their interaction. Amplification of linear and radial growth on the plants is marked on stocks VZ-13, Moskovia and Colt, reduction of height on 20-40 % is marked on stock V-5-88, VSL-2 and Izmaylovskiy. Optimal scion/stock combinations with productivity of 15-22 kg per tree were revealed: Tyutchevka/Izmaylovskiy and Tyutchevka/AVCh-2; Fatezh/Izmaylovskiy and Fatezh/VZ13; Chervashnaya/Izmaylovskiy. Cultivation of them has provided an increase of productivity till 10-15 t/ha. In the process of research, on the complex of economic and valuable features, it was found that the Izmailovsky stock (ARHIBAN breeding) is the most promising and versatile stock for cherry cultivation in the Moscow region. As a result of biochemical researches in the laboratory of biochemistry and physiology of ARHIBAN it is established, that the stock influenced on synthesis of metabolites and leaf morphology. Antioxidant activity of leaves and accumulation of organic acids in leaves were higher at scion/ stock combinations of all sweet cherry varieties with use the stocks Moskovia, Izmaylovskiy, AVCh-2. Stably low parameters were observed in sweet cherry plants grafted on stocks V-5-88, Colt, VSL-2.
Air Conditioner Production Failure Analysis Techniques
Authors: Yakushijin Gomes dos Santos Fernanda , Barbosa de Alencar David , Tregue Costa Alexandra Priscilla , Eufrasio dos Santos Marden
Published: November 2019

This paper aims to apply the use of quality tools for fault analysis techniques and internal circuit board defect reduction in an air conditioner company. We currently have millions of air conditioners installed and produced annually on all continents and consecutively there is increasing consumer complaints that internal circuit boards are one of the most critical components of an appliance and it is it that controls its functions as a for example: receive the temperature signal chosen on the remote control so that it works to increase or decrease the temperature as per customer requirement. According to vendor defect, data our top one defects are related to evaporator EEPROM non-write defect circuit board problems and with that 3.12% defect work, we achieved a 0% reduction of defects after Work completed with 2 weeks of follow-up.
The size of a maximum subgraph of the random graph with a given number of edges
Authors: Derevyanko N. M. , Zhukovskii M. E. , Rassias M. , Skorkin A. Y.
Published: November 2019

We have proven that the maximum size k of an induced subgraph of the binomial random graph G(n, p) with a given number of edges e(k) (under certain conditions on this function), with asymptotical probability 1, has at most two values.
Emission spectrum and trajectory of a charged particle in the field of an inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave
Authors: Lapshin V. B. , Skubachevskiу A. A. , Belinsky A. V. , Bugaev A. S.
Published: November 2019

Using the example of a non-uniform electromagnetic wave created by superposition of two plane monochromatic electromagnetic waves that are arbitrarily directed relative to each other, an approach is demonstrated that allows one to simulate a wide spectrum of electromagnetic waves. The complete system of equations describing the motion of an electron in a non-uniform electromagnetic field is solved numerically. The features of the trajectory and emission spectrum of the electron were found and investigated.
Results of applicability analysis of satellite observations and reanalysis data for autonomous photovoltaic unit simulation
Authors: Frid S. E. , Lisitskaya N. V. , Popel O. S.
Published: November 2019

The accuracy analysis of energy performance prediction of autonomous photovoltaic units using various climate databases (NASA POWER, SARAH-E, CLARA-A, ERA5, Meteonorm, etc.) for some geographic points in Russia was performed by comparing with calculations using data of World Radiation Data Center. It is shown that the considered databases provide a spread of predictions of the required power of solar battery at the level of 10-20% only when solar fraction is less than 70%. For larger solar fraction, the prediction error of the required power of solar battery can reach hundreds of percent.
Nanotone spatial dissipative structures with rotational curving of the grid around three mutually perpendicular directions
Authors: Маlkov V. B. , Shveikin G. P. , Plaksin S. V. , Pushin V. G. , Маlkov А. V. , Маlkov О. V. , Shulgin B. V.
Published: November 2019

Transmission electron microscopy and microdiffraction have been used to investigate nanothin spatial dissipative structures (SDS) obtained by thermogradient processing of an amorphous selenium film by one-sided heating of its lower surface at T = 413 K. It has been established that the obtained nanothin SDS of hexagonal selenium possess a specific curved habit and a nonlinear fan-shaped system of bending contours in their electron-microscopic image; the lattice of nanothin SDS undergoes an elastic-plastic rotational curvature around three mutually perpendicular directions; the lattice rotation angles of nanothin SDS hexagonal selenium reach: around [001], 25, around the direction perpendicular to [001] and lying in the plane of the amorphous film 32, around the direction perpendicular to the first two and not lying in the plane of the amorphous film 35.
A find of mollusks Watsonella crosbyi Grabau (Gastropoda: Helcionelliformes) in the Botomian of China
Authors: Parkhaev P. Y.
Published: November 2019

The mollusk species Watsonella crosbyi Grabau, 1900 is found among other mollusks in the Lower Botomian strata of the Xinji Formation on the Northern China Platform (Shaanxi Province). Taxonomically the mollusks assemblage is extremely similar to those from the Mernmerna Formation, Parara Limestone, and Sellick Hill Formation of Southern Australia, Bastion Formation of Laurentia, and the uppermost Emyaksin Formation of the Siberian Platform. All these starta can be aged as Early Botomian. The new find of Watsonella crosbyi confirms the significant time range of the species distribution (Tommotian-Botomian) and raises doubts in newly proposed correlations of the Lower Cambrian of Southern Australia pushing down the previously determined age of the formations for one or even two ages older.
Specific features of earth’s free oscillations after deep-focus sea of Okhotsk earthquake of May 24, 2013
Authors: Kuzin I. P. , Lobkovsky L. I. , Dozorova K. A.
Published: November 2019

A description of initial excitation of spheroidal mode 0S2 initiated by the 2013 Sea of Okhotsk earthquake (Mw= 8.3) is presented. It is based on newly revealed fact of standing P-wave origination in the epicenter of the Sea of Okhotsk earthquake and excitation of traveling surface P-waves on the Earths surface by this wave. A new interpretation of the nature of free spheroidal Earths oscillations in case of strong earthquake (М 7,5) is proposed. The spheroidal mode 0S2 is interpreted as combination of standing and traveling P-waves, transferring the Earths strain energy.
Laws for the size distribution of Khasyreis
Authors: Victorov A. S. , Orlov T. V. , Arkhipova M. V.
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of empirical verification of the theoretical law, validated in a mathematical model of the morphological structure of thermokarst plains with fluvial erosion - the exponential distribution of the areas of khasyreis. The empirical testing based on the remote sensing data of high resolution involved 18 key sites at different regions of the cryolithozone in different natural environments. Eighty percent of the testing samples confirmed this theoretical statement. This result validates the suggested model and provides for the conclusion about the khasyrei radii corresponding to the Rayleigh distribution in different natural environments.
About the possibility of registration of waves and sea level fluctuations in coastal areas of the World Ocean based on analysis of video on the Internet
Authors: Dolgikh G. I. , Fishchenko V. K. , Goncharova A. А.
Published: November 2019

The paper describes a technology of recording surface wave signals and sea level fluctuations in coastal areas of the World Ocean based on real-time analysis of live video from surveillance cameras presented on the Internet. A wave signal obtained with described method in the port of Crotone (Italy) is compared with data from nearby station of the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS). The example demonstrates the high recording quality of the seiche oscillation system of the port with periods from 40 to 2 minutes, which is comparable to GLOSS. At the same time, unlike the GLOSS stations, signals obtained through video contain responses of even shorter-period (up to tens of seconds) seiches, swell waves, wind and ship waves.
Effect of salicylic acid on the oxidative and photosynthetic processes in plants tomatoes by invasion with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne Incognita (Kofoid et White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949
Authors: Udalova Zh. V. , Zinovieva S. V.
Published: November 2019

A study of the processes of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the peroxidase enzyme, as well as photosynthetic pigments in susceptible tomato plants treated with salicylic acid (SA), during infection with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. It was shown that in the roots of SA-treated plants, the activity of lipid peroxidation is higher compared to untreated ones, especially in the case of nematode invasion. A significant increase in the activity of lipid peroxidation in SA-treated invasive plants compared with untreated was noted during the transition of larvae to the sedimentary stage and the beginning of the formation of feeding places - giant cells (3-5 days after invasion). This, apparently, contributes to the inhibition of the development of the parasite and the reduction of plant infection, and also indicates the involvement of oxidative processes in the mechanism of the induced resistance of plants to root-knot nematodes. In the SA-treated plants, the qualitative and quantitative composition of photosynthetic pigments, disturbed by invasion, was restored and corresponded to the control level.
Efficiency of penetration of dopamine and serotonin peptide derivatives through the artificial membranes
Authors: Shevchenko V. P. , Andreeva L. A. , Nagaev I. Yu. , Shevchenko K. V. , Myasoedov N. F.
Published: November 2019

A mass spectrometric method has been developed for determining the content of dopamine and serotonin derivatives, which allows to evaluate the efficiency of their penetration through artificial membranes depending on the structure of their peptide fragment. In this case, the diffusion of dopamine and serotonin derivatives through the membrane occurred as a result of competitive interactions. It was shown which compounds in this mixture more easily penetrate through artificial membranes. It was found that the most promising in terms of overcoming the BBB are Boc-Pro-Srt and Boc-Pro-DOPA.
MEMAHAMI PERBEDAAN INDIVIDU PEBELAJAR DALAM PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR
Authors: Wahidah
Published: November 2019

The purpose of writing this article is to explain how education that understands the uniqueness of each student in individual learning or individual instruction. This writing method uses a descriptive analysis approach from a number of literatures from journals, books and other documents. There are four aspects of individual differences that must be considered by teachers and principals in a teaching and learning process that includes physical-motor differences, intelligence differences, differences in language skills, and psychological differences. Understanding individual differences here is by carrying out individualized instruction (individual learning). Also provides opportunities for children to learn independently (Independent Study) by developing individual learning (individual instruction) in accordance with the level of their needs.
PELAKSANAAN MGMP DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONAL GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM MADRASAH ALIYAH KOTA LANGSA
Authors: Fakhrurridha
Published: November 2019

Education has a strategic role in the human resources development. There are many things that have being done to improve the quality of education. Because of that, it needs an expedient to increase the profesionalism of teacher, in this case, one of them is the Islamic religion teacher. Increasing prifesionalism of  Islamic religion teacher is through in-service and on-service training. This reseacrh disscusses on-service training through MGMP in the order to see , doing and evaluating the program of training by MGMP forum. This reseacrh uses kwalitatif approach with descriptive analysis and collecting the data through interview, observation and documentation. The result from this reseacrh shows that MGMP program has made in the early year of teaching and arranged based on guidence book and according to the needs. In the program inserts the activity to increase the profesionalism of teacher like filosofy-threority of Islamic religion teaching, text type (genre base), curriculum systematical and syllabus development, lesson plan arrangment, scientific writing development and classroom action research. Doing once a week and guided by the instructor, use discussion method, answer guestion, problem solving and teaching simulation. The evaluation process was doing by seeing the attendent list, observation, evaluation program and meeting of the teachers that was done by the head of MGMP, prinsipal and supervisor.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN METODE TANYA JAWAB DI MTsN LANGSA
Authors: Lismawati
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine student learning outcomes after being taught with the question and answer method. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach and the type of research is classroom action research consisting of 2 cycles. Data analysis uses comparative descriptive analysis techniques by comparing initial conditions with the results achieved in each cycle and qualitative descriptive analysis of observations and reflections in the first cycle and second cycle. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII-1 MTs Negeri Langsa with a total of 36 students in the class. Based on this study it can be concluded that there is an increase in the ability of students to master the material of the human circulatory system by using the question and answer method in the State of Langsa State in 2015/2016. Improved student learning outcomes can be seen in the tabulation of the data obtained, namely the first cycle of 10 students (27.78%) who completed and 26 students (72.22%) did not complete. Then in Cycle II there were 35 students (97.2%) complete and 1 student (2.8%). incomplete. On this occasion the researcher wanted to give some suggestions to be conveyed as follows: The need to use methods when providing subject matter so that students are easy and the learning process becomes fun.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA MELALUI MODEL NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER DI SMAN 1 SUNGAI RAYA
Authors: Baihaki Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Data obtained in this study include: student learning outcomes taken from giving daily test questions given at the end of the cycle, the ability of teachers in learning taken from the observation sheet, student activities in learning taken from the observation sheet, and data about student reflection on lessons learned from the questionnaire at the end of each meeting. Indicators of success in this study are: (1) if ≥ 70% of the total students are categorized as complete with the criteria of completion of learning if the value of the evaluation results in cycles I and II, ≥ 70, (2) if student activities in learning ≥ 70% are measured by look at the student observation sheet. The results of the study in the first cycle showed the average value of student learning outcomes of 65.29 and the percentage of mastery learning at 58.82%. Student activity 61.36%, percentage of teacher ability 68.33%. While the results of research in the second cycle the average value of student learning outcomes by 75.88 and the percentage of mastery learning by 88.24%. Student activity 84.09%, and the percentage of teacher ability by 85%. From this study it was concluded that using the NHT learning model could improve the learning outcomes of chemistry and class X.1 student activities in semester II of the 2014/2015 academic year on the subject matter of nomenclature of compounds and reaction equations.
PENGGUNAAN METODE MIND MAPPING SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI WRITING TEKS DESCRIPTIVE SISWA PADA MTsN LANGSA
Authors: Fauziatul
Published: November 2019

This is evidenced by the results of the study, which showed differences in results, before and after the action was taken. That's why researchers try mind mapping methods to overcome them. This method is quite interesting, because it uses images created by students, which can be colored and decorated as students want and can come up with ideas in writing. The results of observation during the study, showed that students looked enthusiastic once the mind mapping method was introduced to be applied to writing. When doing any task, all can collect tasks. From the results of data processing, the percentage of mastery learning obtained in Cycle I was 39%, in Cycle II it was 100%,. These results indicate an increase in each cycle. Based on these results, the researcher suggests that MTs English teachers try to use the mind mapping method for learning aspects of writing as well as other aspects of learning. Researchers believe that exceptional student creativity will be seen in the results or mind mapping picture. Besides being able to foster creativity and interest, this method also contains various methods and can generate ideas.
KONSEP REWARD AND PUNISHMENT DALAM ALQURAN
Authors: Junaidi
Published: November 2019

The learning process will run well if it is supported by several things, including student discipline in school as the order, ethics, and norms that must be upheld to succeed the learning objectives. Educators must apply wisdom in choosing and using the most appropriate method. Among them there is enough by example and advice, so there is no need for punishment for him. But psychologically the students were not all the same, some of them also needed to be raped or punished, namely those who made mistakes. The assumption that has developed so far in society is that every mistake must be punished; God also punishes everyone who is guilty. From one logical path that theory has a point. It is logical, everyone who is guilty must be punished; every person who does good must be rewarded. Actually punishment does not always have to have a negative connotation which results in misery for the convicted but can also be positive.
Chinese star anise and anise, magic herbs in traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmaceutical science
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli , Cheng Qi
Published: November 2019

Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) is an important herb in traditional Chinese medicine as well as traditional Asian medicine. The fruit is aromatic and has a strong, pungent and mildly sweet taste. Star anise is one of the many species that contain bioactive compounds as well as a number of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, having antioxidant, preservative and antimicrobial properties. All relevant papers in the English language from researchers of different countries were collected. The keywords of Chinese star anise, anise, traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmaceutical science were searched in Google Scholar, Scopus, Research Gate and PubMed. Its seeds are good source of minerals like calcium, iron, copper, potassium, manganese, zinc, and magnesium. The essential oil of Chinese star anise contains anethole which has shown several functional properties including antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and oestrogenic properties. Due to all positive characteristics, such as antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant activities, anticancer and antimicrobial properties, both seeds and essential oils of anise is promising for safe use as super food supplements and raw constituents in the both pharmaceutical and food industries. Anise seed oil contains anethol, estragole, eugenol, pseudisoeugenol, methyl chavicol and anisaldehyde, coumarins, scopoleting, umbelliferon, estrols, terpene hydrocarbons, and polyacetylenes as the major compounds. The plant oil has both pharmacological and clinical effects. The pharmacological effects consist of antimicrobial, hepatopreotective, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, bronchodilator, estrogenic, expectorant and insecticidal effects, and clinical effects such as nausea, constipation, menopausal period, virus, diabetes, obesity and sedative action. Combined with a nutritious diet, other traditional Chinese and Asian medicine, Chinese star anise and ansie seed may improve various aspects of health. More clinical studies are necessary to uncover the numerous substances and their effects in ginseng that contribute to public health.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(3): 162-179
Effect of spacing and corm size on growth and spike production of gladiolus
Authors: Methela Nusrat Jahan , Zihad Md Ridowan Al , Islam Mohammad Shafiqul , Rahman Md Habibur
Published: November 2019

Gladiolus is high demandable and popular flower all over the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of plant spacing and corm size on growth and spike production of gladiolus. The two factor experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Three plant spacing like S1= 25×20 cm, S2= 20×30 cm and S3= 25×30 cm and corm size like L1=Small corm, (30±2 g), L2=Medium corm (35±2 g), L3=Large corm (>40g) were maintained to investigate the study. Plant spacing and corm size had significant effect on days to 80% emergence, plant height, number of leaves, days required for first spike initiation, spike length, rachis length, number of florets per spike and weight of spike. The highest number of plant height (74.61 cm), maximum number of leaves (7.98), top most length of spike (70.00), utmost rachis length (48.77 cm), largest number of florets per spike (14.33) and maximum weight of spike (35.60) were obtained from the plant spacing 25x30cm and largest corm size > 40g. Therefore, the results of the present study revealed that widest plant spacing 25×30 cm and large corm (>40g) were found to be the best for growth of spike production of gladiolus.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(3): 226-230
From the History of Religions to the Science of Religion in Norway
Authors: Gilhus Ingvild Saelid , Jacobsen Knut A.
Published: November 2019

The focus in this article is on the developments in the study of religion in Norway during the last fifty years, reflecting over continuities and breaks with the past, over changes in themes, theories and methods as well as over relations to the surrounding world.
From the History of Religions to the Study of Religion in Denmark: An Essay on the Subject, Organizational History and Research Themes
Authors: Jensen Tim , Geertz Armin W.
Published: November 2019

The history of the academic study of religion in Denmark resembles developments in other Nordic and European countries as it has moved from a primarily historical-philological and comparative ‘history of religions’ towards a broader ‘study of religion(s)’ that includes history of religions together with theories and methods from a wide variety of the human, social and today also natural sciences. Uppsala University was one of the three main centers of positivism at the end of the 19th century, and its influence was evident and long-lasting also in Denmark. By the end of the 1970s, debates and reflections on methods and theories slowly began to have a greater impact, and from the mid-80s and especially mid-90s, also due to conscious efforts not least in Aarhus, methodological issues gained in importance. A turn towards contemporary religion also became evident. Today it may be claimed that a kind of balance has been achieved whereby historical and empirical studies of religions go hand in hand with theoretical and methodological reflections, and where a balance between, on the one hand, more classical comparative history of religions materials and approaches, and, on the other hand, new and different areas of research, and new and different approaches and theories are of equal importance. With regard to individual research, research programs, and study programs, the history of the history of religions in Denmark cannot be described in detail here. This article presents the broad picture of important developments within and across the three Danish universities that have study of religion departments. Although the early histories are briefly touched upon, the focus will be on the past 50 years, from about 1960 until 2014, thus roughly the same period that Temenos has been in existence.
Folkloristic Contributions towards Religious Studies in Estonia: A Historical Outline
Authors: Valk Ülo
Published: November 2019

The article outlines the historical development of the study of folk religion and mythology in Estonian scholarship. It shows how the changing ideological and political context and formation of folkloristics as an autonomous discipline have shaped the construction of its object – Estonian folk religion. The roots of conceptualizing folk religion as an inherited set of survivals of heathendom lies on the one hand in the systematic work of the Lutheran Church in strengthening the Christian worldview by eradicating superstitions. On the other hand, the ideology of national awakening depicted Estonian folklore as a huge and valuable reservoir of pre-Christian traditions, including the oldest survivals of Finno-Ugric cultural heritage. Later, during the period of Soviet occupation, Marxist evolutionary views contributed towards considering folk religion as an archaic form in human development; in addition, anti-clerical ideology reinforced a stereotype of the people’s adherence to their indigenous religion and contrasting this with Christianity as an alien ideology of oppression. The last part of the article discusses scholarship after the re-establishment of Estonia’s independence in 1991, as the former ideological framework slowly faded away and new conceptual developments emerged.
Founding Fathers, Turtles and the Elephant in the Room: The Quest for Origins in the Scientific Study of Religion
Authors: Gilhus Ingvild Sælid
Published: November 2019

The theme of the present article is the quest for origins, founding fathers and the never-ending search for identity in the scientific study of religion. Because the quest for origins and for founding fathers is intertwined with the complex relationship to theology, theology is frequently made into the significant other. The elephant is a metaphor for the preoccupation with theology. The article discusses the longing for origins, and it discusses good fathers and bad fathers, and especially Max Müller’s contribution to the study of religion. It also takes up the new quest for historical origins as well as the quest for generative mechanisms of religion and asks why the study of religion needs the metaphysical boosts of origins. A permanent preoccupation with universal patterns in the study of religion, recent developments in science, contemporary processes of globalization, a renewed general interest in religion, a wish to control the field and the continuous struggle to be different from theology are pointed out as reasons for the never-ending quest for origins. The article suggests that it might be fruitful to let go of the preoccupation with theology, and further that grand-scale comparative studies and universal claims need to be matched by small-scale studies of religion on the ground and by embracing complexity and reflexivity.
Editorial Note
Authors: Illman Ruth , Mahlamäki Tiina
Published: November 2019

Editorial Note
Comparative Religion and its Vicissitudes in an Age of Globalization
Authors: Joy Morny
Published: November 2019

This article is a survey of some of the major challenges that have been directed at Comparative Religion during the last forty years. A number of these regard such an orientation as simply a construction that is a product of a scholar’s imagination. Others regard it as exhibiting a distinctly western, specifically Christian influence that is dismissive of other religions. Nonetheless, there have been attempts to redress this imbalance and challenge biased categories and interpretations. In this regard, much can be learnt from postcolonial and women scholars, as well as from other disciplines such as anthropology. Nonetheless in contemporary times, the exploits from globalization threatens to have a disruptive influence on the discipline.
The Not-So-New Religious Movements: Changes in ‘the Cult Scene’ over the Past Forty Years
Authors: Barker Eileen
Published: November 2019

New religious movements (NRMs) tend to exhibit certain characteristics that change with the arrival of second and subsequent generations. The paper explores some of the internally motivated revisions that may be due to demographic changes or disappointed expectations, and some of the changes brought about through the economic, political, technological, legal and cultural influences from the wider society. Although there are always exceptions, unqualified boundaries tend to become more porous and negotiable as the movements accommodate to the outside world and ‘denominationalise’. The paper ends with a brief description of some of the more general changes in ‘the cult scene’ over the past 40 years.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bergholm Alexandra , Laitila Teuvo , Limpens Thierry , Taira Teemu
Published: November 2019

Book Reviews
Who is a convert? New members of the Orthodox Church in Norway
Authors: Thorbjørnsrud Berit Synøve
Published: November 2019

Due to its recent major revival in the post-Soviet period, the Orthodox Church can today be described as a church of new believers. While this seems to be acknowledged at a general level, there is a strong tendency to avoid speaking of new members with an Eastern European background as ‘converts’. Although they have often gone through much greater transformations – from atheism to Orthodoxy – than those with a Western background, who generally seem to have a Christian past, the term convert is generally reserved for the Westerners. ‘It is not our custom to call them converts’, one of the priests in Norway commented. Conversion stories which gain international publicity are generally about Westerners, and even the few academic studies on converts to Orthodoxy have focused solely on those with a Western background.Based on fieldwork among the Orthodox in Norway, I will compare newcomers with a Western background with those with an Eastern European background, and I will argue that convert as an analytical concept may be equally useful in relation to members of both groups. This concept covers, however, a wide range of transformations, and it is thus important to identify precisely what kinds of converts there are among the many new Orthodox believers.
What would Ron choose from the Islamic basket? Notes on Scientology’s construction of Islam
Authors: Bigliardi Stefano
Published: November 2019

Two theological claims characterizing Scientology are its continuity with older religions, and its support for religious freedom and pluralism. This article, focusing on two articles that appeared in the magazine Advance! in the 1970s as well as other pieces authored by L. R. Hubbard, analyses Scientology’s narrative about Islam following Jan Hjärpe’s ‘basket theory’.
Editorial note: Locating the humanistic within the study of religions
Authors: Arvidsson Stefan
Published: November 2019

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Free Zone Scientology and Other Movement Milieus: A Preliminary Characterization
Authors: Lewis James R.
Published: November 2019

Free Zone refers to the subculture constituted by people and organizations that adhere to the beliefs and practices of Scientology but who do so outside of – and without the sanction of – the Church of Scientology. The analysis in the present article uses the Free Zone plus a selection of comparable subcultures associated with other religious groups as case studies to explore the nature and structure of movement milieus. The notion of a movement milieu is derived from Colin Campbell’s influential formulation, though certain significant features of movement milieus serve to distinguish them from – and to make them more than simply subsets of – the cultic milieu.