bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repeated High-Intensity Cycling Performance Is Unaffected by Timing of Carbohydrate Ingestion
Authors: Shei Ren-Jay , Paris Hunter L. , Beck Christopher P. , Chapman Robert F. , Mickleborough Timothy D.
Published: September 2017

Shei, R-J, Paris, HL, Beck, CP, Chapman, RF, and Mickleborough, TD. Repeated high-intensity cycling performance is unaffected by timing of carbohydrate ingestion. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2243–2249, 2018—To determine whether carbohydrate (CHO) feeding taken immediately before, early, or late in a series of high-intensity cycling exercises affected cycling performance. A total of 16 trained, male cyclists (>6 hours postprandial) performed 3-, 4-km cycling time trials (TT1, TT2, and TT3) separated by 15 minutes of active recovery on 4 separate occasions. Carbohydrate feeding (80 g) was given either before TT1 (PRE1), before TT2 (PRE2), before TT3 (PRE3), or not at all (control, CTL). Treatment order was randomized. Sweet placebo was given before the other TTs. Blood glucose (BG) concentration was measured before each trial. Mean power output (Pmean) and time to completion (TTC) were recorded. Pmean was higher in TT1 compared with TT2 (p = 0.001) and TT3 (p = 0.004) in all conditions, but no differences were observed between treatments. Time to completion was lower in TT1 compared with TT2 (p = 0.01), but no other differences in TTC (within or between treatments) were observed. Within CTL and PRE1, BG did not differ between TT1, TT2, and TT3. In PRE2, BG was significantly higher in TT2 compared with TT1 (p = 0.006), in TT3 compared with TT1 (p = 0.001), and in TT3 compared with TT2 (p = 0.01). In PRE3, BG was significantly higher in TT3 compared with TT1 and TT2 (p = 0.001 for both). Given that performance was not influenced by the timing of CHO ingestion, athletes engaging in repeated, high-intensity cycling exercise do not need to ingest CHO before- or between-exercise bouts; furthermore, athletes should refrain from ingesting CHO between bouts if they wish to avoid a rise in BG.
Efficacy of Repeated Cold Water Immersion on Recovery After a Simulated Rugby Union Protocol
Authors: Barber Sean , Pattison John , Brown Freddy , Hill Jessica
Published: September 2017

Barber, S, Pattison, J, Brown, F, and Hill, J. Efficacy of repeated cold water immersion on recovery after a simulated rugby union protocol. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3523–3529, 2020—Training and athletic competition frequently results in exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of repeated cold water immersion (CWI) on recovery after a simulated rugby union match. Sixteen male, club-level rugby players were matched for body mass and randomly assigned to either a CWI group or control (CON) group. After the simulated rugby match, the CWI group underwent 2 × 5-minute immersions at a temperature of 10° C separated by 2.5 minutes seated at room temperature, whereas the CON group remained seated for 15 minutes. Creatine kinase (CK), perceived muscle soreness, counter movement jump (CMJ), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors were measured pre-exercise, postexercise, 24 and 48 hours after exercise. Large effect sizes were observed for muscle soreness at 24 and 48 hours after exercise with lower soreness values observed in the CWI group. Large effect sizes were observed for CMJ at all time points and at 24 and 48 hours post for MVIC with improved recovery of muscle function observed in the CWI group compared with the CON group. Last, a moderate effect size was observed for CK immediately after exercise, followed by large effect sizes at 24 and 48 hours after exercise, with CK concentration blunted in the CWI group. Overall, these findings provide some support for the use of CWI to enhance recovery from EIMD after a simulated rugby union match.
Emergency Cinema and the Dignified Image: Cell Phone Activism and Filmmaking in Syria
Authors: Elias Chad
Published: September 2017

While the proliferation of digital technology has expanded the capacity to document human rights violations and publicize them via cell phone, cloud, and social networks, raw footage of state-sponsored violence is often the subject of competing interpretations that multiply through their viral circulation. Accordingly, much recent attention has been placed on the evidentiary uncertainty that attends digital documents coming out of Syria. This article offers an alternative framework through which to think about the efficacy of images that circulate outside of state institutions and corporate media outlets. Focusing on works by Rabih Mroué, Ossama Mohammed, and the filmmaking collective Abounaddara, this article examines how the videos produced during the Syrian uprisings and war give rise to a critical reflection on cinematic truth and the medium's long-standing correlation with violence and death. The affective force of images that operate at the threshold of visibility unsettles the terms of both human rights practice and documentary filmmaking.
The Seen and The Unseen
Authors: Rich B. Ruby
Published: September 2017

Editor B. Ruby Rich weighs in on the latest issue of FQ…
Elsewhere
Authors: Qureshi Bilal
Published: September 2017

The Jewel in the Crown was based on a quartet of acclaimed novels by the British writer Paul Scott and told the interwoven stories of colonial officers and their families living in India as the empire collapsed around them. It aired over fourteen weeks on PBS's Masterpiece Theater, from December 1984 to March 1985, and arrived in the midst of a golden age of television that included groundbreaking miniseries such as The Thorn Birds (ABC, 1983) and Brideshead Revisited (ITV, 1981). The new British import produced by Granada Television became a critical and cultural sensation–the definition of appointment television. One in nine Americans with a television set tuned in, over several months, as it transported audiences to the unseen exotic landscapes of India and the twilight of the British Raj. Qureshi reflects on this series thirty years after it first aired on American television, and finds it unexpectedly subversive, sly, and prescient.
The Vulnerable Spectator
Authors: Hastie Amelie
Published: September 2017

Adapted from the Lissa Evans novel Their Finest Hour and a Half, Their Finest (Lone Scherfig, 2016) is a fictional film based loosely on historical figures and circumstances, as it tells the story of the production of a feature film by the UK Ministry of Information (MOI) in 1940. What, Their Finest quietly asks, is real? What is fake? And what does it matter, if you are at the movies? Joy is real. Tears are real. And other things, too: the tea I sip, the arm of my companion next to me, the chattering women in the row below, the sighing man who has come to the movies alone. The light is real. The darkness, too. Hastie thinks through the implications of a female author of the original monograph, the female director of the current film, and the fictional composite female character Catrin Cole, the screenwriter in the film. The whole of Catrin Cole did and didn't exist before Their Finest. “Catrin Cole” is not a historical figure, hidden or otherwise. She is a composite of fact and fiction, the pieces stitched together to make a whole person. As asserted by producer Stephen Woolley, who initiated the project, Their Finest drew upon the lives of many women writers for the Film Division of the MOI, particularly that of Diana Morgan, the one woman in the Ealing Studios writers’ room.
Screenings
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: September 2017

By happy coincidence, Mexico in 2016 yielded two expert and moving documentaries on women, sex, and aging: María José Cuevas's Bellas de noche (Beauties of the Night) and Maya Goded's Plaza de la Soledad (Solitude Square). Both are first-time features by female directors. And both are attempts to reclaim previously neglected subjects: showgirls of the 1970s and sex workers in their seventies, respectively. Moreover, lengthy production processes in which the filmmakers cohabitated with their subjects have resulted in films that are clearly love letters to their protagonists. Widely shown at festivals and beyond, Bellas de noche won best documentary at Morelia, Mexico's key festival for the genre, and was picked up by Netflix in the United States and other territories. Plaza de la Soledad, meanwhile, earned plaudits at Sundance and a theatrical release in its home country in May 2017, a rare opportunity for a documentary. Complex and contradictory, these twin films celebrate women whose lives may be limited by circumstances cruelly beyond their control but who are vital, still, in their quest for friendship and freedom.
ACUERDO TRANSPACÍFICO Y ASOCIACIÓN TRANSATLÁNTICA DE COMERCIO E INVERSIÓN. UN ANÁLISIS DEL NUEVO ESCENARIO COMERCIAL INTERNACIONAL DESDE EL MERCOSUR
Authors: De San Félix Julieta
Published: September 2017

Durante los últimos años de la Administración Obama, Estados Unidos lideró la negociación de dos acuerdos que cambiarían el escenario comercial internacional: el Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica (ATCI) y la Asociación Transatlántica de Comercio e Inversión (ATP). Estos acuerdos, conceptualizados como megarregionales por su intención de crear zonas económicas integradas con socios de distintas áreas geográficas con el peso suficiente como para crear nuevas dinámicas en el comercio mundial, producirían, en el corto plazo, un doble impacto. Por un lado, profundizar las regulaciones vigentes en el ámbito de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), incluyendo cuestiones no acordadas como regulaciones tendientes a compras públicas o comercio electrónico. Por el otro, contener el crecimiento de China en el comercio internacional. La hipótesis que se explorará es que el rechazo al ATP y el actual paréntesis en las negociaciones del ATCI podría constituir una ventana de oportunidad para los países del Mercosur que no forman parte de estas mismas, los cuales, de mínima podrían mantener el status quo actual y, de máxima, podrían negociar en mejores términos el históricamente pendiente acuerdo con la Unión Europea, así como sus vinculaciones comerciales con Asia.
CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO, MOVILIDAD HUMANA Y SU IMPACTO EN LAS RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES DEL SIGLO XXI
Authors: Méndez Barquero Juan Carlos
Published: September 2017

El artículo aborda los principales retos que implica la movilidad humana en el contexto de los impactos adversos del cambio climático en las relaciones internacionales contemporáneas, en especial desde la perspectiva de los vacíos legales y operativos que existen para abordar las necesidades de las personas que se ven forzadas a cruzar una frontera internacional por un desastre repentino o eventos de evolución lenta. Se examinan algunos marcos e iniciativas internacionales, prácticas eficaces y algunos retos en relación con el fenómeno multidimensional de la movilidad humana en el contexto del cambio climático, la cual, según la evidencia científica contemporánea, demuestra que los desastres y los efectos del cambio climático desplazaron un promedio de 26 millones de personas cada año entre 2008 y 2015.
Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the oral cavity of patients with dental caries
Authors: Vellappally Sajith , Divakar Darshan Devang , Al Kheraif Abdulaziz Abdullah , Ramakrishnaiah Ravikumar , Alqahtani Amer , Dalati M. H. N. , Anil Sukumaran , Khan Aftab Ahmed , Harikrishna Varma P. R.
Published: September 2017

Oral streptococci are the major group of microbes isolated from oral microflora. They represent frequent pathogens of infective endocarditis (IE), and it is assumed that in most of the cases oral streptococci are acquired via mucosa layer of oral cavity. Staphylococcus aureus is also frequently isolated from IE as it accounts for 20%–30% of all cases. Vancomycin has been the most reliable therapeutic agent against infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The main objective of this study was to examine the occurrence of S. aureus species in dental caries specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. aureus to four antibiotics namely vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, and daptomycin was performed. Detection of vancomycin resistance was conducted using polymerase chain reaction. Among the tested 150 strains, 98 were MRSA and of that 54 were vancomycin sensitive and 27 were resistant. All 98 MRSA strains were positive for mecA and 36 yielded pvl, whereas 13 carried vanA and only 2 were positive for vanB. Majority of the isolates showed sensitivity toward daptomycin and linezolid. Strains of S. aureus exhibiting decreased susceptibility to different antibiotics like vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid severely compromise the therapeutic alternatives and require a considerable amount of time, public awareness, and integrative health-care strategies to prevent the emergence of resistance to these compounds.
The development and initial evaluation of the Pornography-Use Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale
Authors: Kraus Shane W. , Rosenberg Harold , Martino Steve , Nich Charla , Potenza Marc N.
Published: September 2017

Background and aims

This study employed a newly developed questionnaire to evaluate whether men’s self-efficacy to avoid using pornography in each of 18 emotional, social, or sexually arousing situations was associated with either their typical frequency of pornography use or their hypersexuality.

Methods

Using an Internet-based data collection procedure, 229 male pornography users (Mage = 33.3 years, SD = 12.2) who had sought or considered seeking professional help for their use of pornography completed questionnaires assessing their situationally specific self-efficacy, history of pornography use, self-efficacy to employ specific pornography-reduction strategies, hypersexuality, and demographic characteristics.

Results

Frequency of pornography use was significantly negatively associated with level of confidence in 12 of the 18 situations. In addition, lower hypersexuality and higher confidence to employ pornography-use-reduction strategies were associated with higher confidence to avoid using pornography in each of the 18 situations. A principal axis factor analysis yielded three clusters of situations: (a) sexual arousal/boredom/opportunity, (b) intoxication/locations/easy access, and (c) negative emotions.

Discussion and conclusions

This questionnaire could be employed to identify specific high-risk situations for lapse or relapse and as a measure of treatment outcome among therapy clients, but we recommend further examination of the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the questionnaire in treatment samples. Because only one of the three clusters reflected a consistent theme, we do not recommend averaging self-efficacy within factors to create subscales.
The Palestinian-Lebanese paradox — The socio-cultural conundrum of palestinian refugees in Lebanon: Law, economics and culture
Authors: Belényesi Pál , Abuhaydar Zina
Published: September 2017

Palestinian refugees have a special status under international law. Their de facto statelessness provides for the discretion of hosting nations in treating them. A significant number of displaced Palestinians and their descendants have arrived in Lebanon, which treats them as “campers” and “temporary guests”, thereby depriving them of the rights to education, to work, to buy properties; overall, to legally exist. The situation of Palestinian refugees has been subject of cultural and legal research extensively. We have attempted to add new results to the existing literature and findings: the cultural-economic aspects of the existence of semi-legal Palestinians through a time-dimension. Our paper summarizes the findings of a three-tier field-study. We started with the first wave of interviews and surveys in late 2014, then completed the second round in late 2015, and finally, finalized our research in March 2016, with several rounds of interviews. Though we also visited settlements and camps outside the capital, the overwhelming majority of our work concentrated on Beirut and the Palestinian camps therein. We observed both cultural similarities and differences between the migrants and the host population. The added value of the research is that it highlights the amplitude and pervasiveness of these impressions.
A hormonális rendszer válsága: az endokrin diszruptorok egészségügyi hatásai
Authors: Csaba György
Published: September 2017

Abstract:

The endocrine disruptors are natural or arteficial molecules wich are present in the animal (human) environment and entering into the organism. They are bound by hormone receptors, simulating or inhibiting the normal hormonal message. This way they are able to stimulate or hinder the function of the given cell, as well as the synthesis and transport of hormones or receptors. They can cause faulty hormonal imprinting in critical periods of development with lifelong consequences, as alteration of hormone-influenced cell functions, inclination to or manifestation of diseases, so they have medical importance. The number of endocrine disruptors as well as their amount are large and continously growing. Numerous, in adult age manifested disease (e.g. malignant tumors) can be deduced to perinatal harms. Their long-lasting effect can cause the alteration of basal human developmental characteristics (e.g. start of menarche). Vitamins A and D are hormones (exohormones) and could be endocrine disruptors. Perinatal imprinting caused by endocrine disruptors is transmitted to the progenies epigenetically, which also can influence the drug-sensitivity of offspring’ receptors. If the epigenetic change is continuously transmitted to the progeny generations, this could have human-evolutionary importance. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(37): 1443–1451.
Effect of presoaked superabsorbent polymer on strength and permeability of cement mortar
Authors: Gupta Souradeep
Published: September 2017

Curing of cementitious composites is critical to development of strength and impermeability. However, sufficient and complete curing cannot be achieved in many practical construction cases due to the complexity of construction and limited accessibility. Supplying moisture internally through presoaked superabsorbent polymer (SAP) is a viable option to minimise manual curing. This study investigates the effect of internal curing by presoaked SAP on the strength and permeability of cement mortar, subject to wet curing and air curing over 7 d, 28 d and 56 d respectively. Experimental results show that presoaked SAP with up to 30 g of contained water per gram of dry SAP (g/g) is effective as an internal curing agent in mortar under wet curing and dry air curing conditions. Deployment of presoaked SAP in mortar results in a significantly lower reduction in compressive strength compared to plain mortar, when no external water is available. Presoaked SAP has been found to minimise evaporative moisture loss from mortar while maintaining compressive strength and sorptivity at the desired level under both air curing and wet curing conditions. The findings from this study suggest that the use of SAP with pre-absorbed water has the potential to reduce the manual curing process, which also implies significant reduction in water consumption by the construction sector.
Flexural distortional strength of steel beams determined by finite-element modelling
Authors: Tohidi Sajjad , Sharifi Yasser
Published: September 2017

This paper reports on the development of a three-dimensional finite-element model for inelastic non-linear flexural buckling analysis of steel I-beams. The model was used to investigate the effects of unbraced length and yield strength on member moment capacity. Unlike existing design codes, the model considers the effect of web distortions in a lateral-distortional buckling mode. Beam slenderness ranges can be divided into three main regions depending on the failure type – low slenderness (plastic), intermediate slenderness (inelastic buckling) and high slenderness (elastic buckling). Structural design codes give criteria that specify some form of transition from the end of the elastic region to the plastic moment. In the work reported in this paper, the effect of yield strength and web distortion on the limiting laterally unbraced length for the limit state of inelastic lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) was investigated. The numerical beam strengths were compared with the design strengths predicted by current design codes, specifically the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Australian Standard AS 4100 and BS EN 1993-1-2.
Design of propping schemes of 60-storey reinforced concrete building: a case study
Authors: Das Amit Kumar , Gupta Ashwani Kumar , Nanthagopalan Prakash
Published: September 2017

A study of a 60-storey reinforced concrete residential building was undertaken to evaluate the propping schemes supporting the flat slabs. Relevant data necessary for evaluation were acquired from the construction site. Based on the obtained data, a simple methodology to formulate the alternative propping schemes is presented in this paper. The propping scheme designed at the construction site for a 10 d slab cycle is analysed and possible alternative schemes are proposed. The primary objectives of the alternative schemes are to ensure safety and economy, and to minimise the number of construction activities on each level. A comparison of the propping schemes suitable for different slab cycle durations was also performed. It is shown that specific slab cycle durations are comparatively more cost-effective.
A relação da educação do campo com os paradigmas agrários
Authors: Schönardie Paulo Alfredo
Published: September 2017

Este artigo tem a educação do campo, que está inserida no grande campo da educação popular, como objeto central. É observada uma relação direta da educação do campo com o campesinato. A educação do campo não acontece de forma independente do contexto social, mas é sim influenciada pelos paradigmas agrários, seja pelo marxista, pelo capitalista da modernização da agricultura ou pela recampesinização. Entender esta relação da educação do campo com os paradigmas agrários torna premente primeiro breves definições de educação do campo, do grande campo da educação popular e do campesinato. Posteriormente são apresentados os paradigmas agrários em sua relação com a educação e sobretudo com a educação do campo.
Paulo Freire um clássico da educação: contribuições epistêmicas, políticas e pedagógicas
Authors: Marcon Telmo , Penteado Ivan Dourado
Published: September 2017

O artigo de natureza bibliográfica tem por objetivo fundamentar a tese que Paulo Freire é um clássico da educação e tem muito a contribuir para pensar os desafios emergentes na atualidade, tanto do contexto global, quanto da sociedade brasileira. Para fundamentar a tese que Freire é um clássico, buscam-se as contribuições de Ítalo Calvino, quando apresenta vários argumentos do porque ler um clássico, bem como as contribuições de Raymond Williams para embasar a ideia de que um clássico mantém a sua vitalidade na medida em que consegue problematizar e responder aos desafios emergentes em diferentes contextos. Esses dois autores ajudam a fundamentar a tese que Paulo Freire é um clássico da educação, porque respondeu questões de seu tempo, mas as suas ideias continuam provocando reflexões relativas a problemas epistêmicos, políticos e educacionais emergentes no tempo presente.
Inovação e integração das tecnologias digitais na docência universitária: conceitos e relações
Authors: Prata-Linhares Martha Maria , Arruda Rogério Dias
Published: September 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a incorporação das tecnologias digitais nas salas de aula na educação superior. Estudos nacionais e internacionais apontam que, apesar dos altos investimentos das políticas públicas, integrar as tecnologias digitais na docência ainda é uma tarefa difícil. Apresentamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o conceito de inovação e suas relações com as tecnologias digitais. Trazemos dados de pesquisas para discutir sobre a importância do desenvolvimento profissional docente e das políticas institucionais na educação superior. Citamos e discutimos as falas de docentes mexicanos, espanhóis e brasileiros sobre a integração das tecnologias digitais em suas práticas pedagógicas. O referencial teórico baseia-se principalmente em autores latino-americanos, anglo-saxônicos e espanhóis. O estudo ressalta que promover a inovação e a integração das tecnologias digitais nas práticas de ensino é um processo complexo, pois envolve, entre outros aspectos, os relacionados a questões pessoais e subjetivas, e também institucionais.
“O intelectual como trangressor": Richard Shaull e o pensamento educacional latino-americano
Authors: Streck Danilo Romeu
Published: September 2017

O artigo analisa a contribuição de Richard Shaull (1919-2002), teólogo protestante norte-americano e um dos pioneiros da teologia da libertação, para o pensamento latino-americano. Como missionário e professor na Colômbia e no Brasil, entre os anos de 1942 e 1962, ele foi profundamente tocado pela realidade latino-americana e, em troca, marcou uma geração de jovens e manteve desde então interlocução com pensadores que são referência na pedagogia latino-americana: Orlando Fals Borda (1925-2008), Paulo Freire (1921-1996) e Rubem Alves (1933-1914). Serão apresentados lugares onde as biografias destes quatro intelectuais se encontram e alguns aspectos do seu pensamento transgressor em relação ao conhecimento e visão de sociedade.
Da necessidade/atualidade da pedagogia crítica: contributos de Paulo Freire
Authors: Franco Maria Amelia do Rosário Santoro
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo discute a epistemologia da Pedagogia Crítica realçando a sua origem nos fundamentos da pedagogia do oprimido de Paulo Freire. Realça a inerência desta racionalidade pedagógica crítica aos processos de reflexividade; dialogicidade e politicidade, bem como discute a incompatibilidade desta racionalidade em espaços/tempos neoliberais. Conclui afirmando a necessidade/atualidade dos princípios pedagógicos críticos junto às práticas educativas, na perspectiva de movimento de resistência à lógica neoliberal.
La participación como elemento clave en las escuelas democráticas
Authors: García-Carpintero Arecia Aguirre , Schugurensky Daniel
Published: September 2017

A veinte años de la muerte de Paulo Freire, rescatamos un elemento central de su pensamiento pedagógico: su convencimiento de que la educación puede hacer una valiosa contribución a la formación de sujetos democráticos y eventualmente a la construcción de una sociedad más justa y democrática. Freire decía que la educación no cambia el mundo pero cambia a las personas que van a cambiar el mundo. Así, es posible argumentar que la educación no democratiza a la sociedad pero puede generar personas más democráticas que van a construir sociedades más democráticas. Esta relación entre el nivel micro (la construcción de personas más democráticas) y el nivel macro (la construcción de sociedades más democráticas) puede ser mediada, al nivel meso, por la democratización de las escuelas y los sistemas educativos. Este texto aborda estas relaciones, y está organizado en cinco secciones. La primera describe las preocupaciones teóricas y prácticas de Freire en relación al proyecto democratizador. La segunda analiza las conexiones entre democracia, participación y educación ciudadana. La tercera explora la participación estudiantil las escuelas. La cuarta examina los presupuestos participativos escolares. La última sección presenta un resumen y algunas conclusiones preliminares.
English Pragmatics in Ecuador
Authors: Urgilés Gerardo E. Heras , Villacreces Jean-Paul Jara
Published: September 2017

Research has revealed that developing the pragmatic ability is a key element for any second or foreign language learner. The present paper aims to shed some light on the issue of pragmatics as part of English teaching and learning in the context of Ecuador. This paper is part of a research project that will involve public high school English teachers of Cuenca, Ecuador. After extensive research, it has been found that even though pragmatics is now part of the new English curriculum in this country, research in this field of linguistics is almost nonexistent.
Dynamic Assessment in English Pronunciation Teaching: From the Perspective of Intellectual Factors
Authors: Yang Xin
Published: September 2017

This study is to empirically investigate the effect of dynamic assessment on Chinese learners’ development of English pronunciation proficiency and their non-intellectual factors by adopting a teaching model of dynamic assessment in English pronunciation class. This experiment was carried out among 36 English majors from a newly-upgraded local Chinese university within one semester, and the findings indicated that the participants showed a great improvement in their mastery of segmental features and supersegmental features. As for the non-intellectual factors, the participants presented a stronger interest and lower anxiety level in practicing English pronunciation after the experiment, though there was only little change in their motivation.
The Application and E-C Translation Methods of Common Archaisms in Business Contract
Authors: Hu Jialei , Lu Huixia
Published: September 2017

Archaism (Old English) is rare in daily modern English, but often appears in business contracts. Business contract is a legal document, it has its own language style, one of the most typical characteristic is the use of archaism. It is necessary to learn the archaism in detail. This article mainly explores the archaism from three aspects----word-formation law, E-C translation method and the specific use in contracts.
The Effect of Using Metatalk Activity on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners' Knowledge of Tense
Authors: Marzban Amir , Lameshkani Fatemeh Shamsi , Saeedi Zahra
Published: September 2017

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of metatalk activity on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners' Knowledge of Tense. 60 intermediate institute learners took part in this experiment. They were randomly chosen from among a population of intermediate via an PET test score of at least on standard deviation below the mean. They were then randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups of 30. A pretest of English grammar was administered to both groups, then they were taught grammatical tenses for 8 sessions but with different methodologies: the experimental group was treated with metatalk activity while the control group received traditional method. A posttest of grammar was then administered to both groups. The data of the study were analyzed using the independent samples t-test and correlation coefficient. The results demonstrated that Iranian EFL learners in the experimental group received higher knowledge of tense score after being treated with metatalk activity for 8 sessions.
Analisis TCP Cubic dan Simulasi untuk Menentukan Parameter Congestion Window dan Throughput Optimal pada Jaringan Nirkabel Ad Hoc
Authors: Firnanda Ary , Arif Teuku Yuliar , Syahrial Syahrial
Published: September 2017

Ad hoc wireless network performance often declines caused the onset of congestion on the process of sending data. TCP Congestion Control used to solve these problems. TCP Cubic is one variant TCP Congestion Control. This research was conducted with the test and compare between variable value b=0.2 with the value of the variable b to be used in ad hoc wireless networks. This research was conducted with the experimental method using network simulation software NS-3. The results showed that the value of variable b is the right on ad hoc wireless network with packet loss by 5% to generate optimal congestion window max is b=0.5 and the average throughput optimal is b=0.1
Hacinamiento y política penitenciaria en la jurisprudencia constitucional colombiana
Authors: Echeverry Enciso Yecid
Published: September 2017

This article deals with the topic of prison overcrowding in Colombia and how the constitutional court has responded to various violations of fundamental rights, establishing a penitentiary and prison policy from a jurisprudential perspective, bringing together pronouncements from international courts and setting guidelines that, henceforth, the government must undertake to solve the problem of overcrowding in Colombia.
Efectos de la implementación de los acuerdos de paz en la estructura orgánica del estado: la burocracia de la paz
Authors: Barreto Moreno Antonio Alejandro
Published: September 2017

The signing and ratification of the Final Agreement for the Ending of the Internal Conflict in Colombia and the Construction of a Stable and Lasting Peace initiated the process of implementation and, consequently, the issuance of a large number of constitutional and legal regulations, through a special procedure for peace known as fast track. This normativity created, modified or applied, temporarily, but with medium and long-term effects, the organic structure of the State and its personnel plant. From Weber’s perspective, this phenomenon is called: the “bureaucracy of peace”. In this sense, the present document has two objectives: i) to analyse the fulfilment of the obligations of generative reform arrangements relevant to the different branches of public power (legislative, executive, judicial) and autonomous and independent branch; ii) to make an inventory of the effects of the implementation of the agreements on the organic structure of the State to describe how this process affects the institutional design contained in the Political Constitution of Colombia.
Historia, Derecho y Comercio. A propósito de la obra Historia del derecho mercantil del profesor Carlos Petit
Authors: Botero Bernal Andrés
Published: September 2017

Reseño ahora un texto que estoy seguro dará de qué hablar, que iluminará varios rincones antes desconocidos gracias a las sombras que sobre ellos recaían, que llenará vacíos a la par que descubrirá otros que retarán a nuevas generaciones de iushistoriadores. Me refiero a la magnífica obra “Historia del derecho mercantil” del profesor de la Universidad onubense, Carlos Petit, con una emotiva y brillante presentación del profesor emérito Manuel Olivencia.
Real-time tracking of multiple objects with locally adaptive correlation filters
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, 129 Bratiev Kashirinykh st., Chelyabinsk 454001, Russia, Ruchay Alexey N. , Kober Vitaly I. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, 129 Bratiev Kashirinykh st., Chelyabinsk 454001, Russia, Chernoskulov Ilya E. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, 129 Bratiev Kashirinykh st., Chelyabinsk 454001, Russia
Published: September 2017

A tracking algorithm using locally adaptive correlation filtering is proposed. The algorithm is designed to track multiple objects with invariance to pose, occlusion, clutter, and illumination variations. The algorithm employs a prediction scheme and composite correlation filters. The filters are synthesized with the help of an iterative algorithm, which optimizes discrimination capability for each target. The filters are adapted online to targets changes using information of current and past scene frames. Results obtained with the proposed algorithm using real-life scenes, are presented and compared with those obtained with state-of-the-art tracking methods in terms of detection efficiency, tracking accuracy, and speed of processing.
Koncepcja typów psychologicznych w psychologii religii i duchowości
Authors: Chaim Władysław
Published: September 2017

The main objective of this paper is to present the current state of empirical research on the application of the theory of Jungian types to the psychology of religion and spirituality, pointing out the necessity of broadening them by including Polish context. The paper presents an outline of this theory and the methods of studying these types (MBTI, KTS, FPTS) used in religion and spiritual-ity. Next, the author presents the results of research on the relation between aspects of the theory of psychological types and the religiosity variables, prayer, and spirituality of individuals as well as groups and centers connected with religion and spirituality. The paper concludes with comments concerning the most important empirical findings and their value for science and practice. A need for research aimed at the verification and generalization of the obtained results with reference to the modern reinterpretations of Jung’s theory and methods of studying personality is also pointed out.
Monitoring trends in diseases of poultry
Authors:   University of Georgia, USA, Jordan Brian
Published: September 2017

Disease surveillance is a staple programme in most developed poultry systems and is a cooperative effort between individual poultry companies, regional and national disease control agencies and programmes, public and private diagnostic laboratories, research universities, wildlife agencies and allied animal health industries. Surveillance can be active in the form of sacrificing birds for clinical necropsy examination or submitting samples for diagnosis during a disease outbreak, or passive in the form of routine diagnostic assays designed to provide a historical picture of a flock or region. This chapter reviews both types of surveillance, covering diagnostic laboratories, diagnostic assays, high-quality sampling and submission, and epidemiology.
Parasites affecting poultry
Authors:   University of Georgia, USA, McDougald Larry
Published: September 2017

Parasitic infections and infestations are a major challenge to poultry production worldwide. This chapter comprehensively surveys parasites affecting poultry, divided into the broad categories of protozoa, flagellates and worms as well as arthropods including lice, bedbugs, flies, beetles, mites, fleas and ticks. The chapter examines diagnosis, control, management and disinfection for each of the major parasites associated with poultry farming. It also addresses the pathology, epidemiology and molecular biology of the major parasitic infections, and suggests lines of future research and enquiry in this field.
Competitive exclusion (CE) treatment to control pathogens in poultry
Authors:   Orion Pharma, Finland, Schneitz Carita , Wierup Martin ,   Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
Published: September 2017

Competitive Exclusion (CE) describes the protective effect of the intestinal microflora against colonization of pathogenic bacteria. This review presents the background and current use of the CE concept to prevent Salmonella infections in poultry, by administration of cultures of intestinal origin to day-old chickens. This approach is a well-documented tool for effective mitigation of the risk for Salmonella infections in newly hatched chickens from being further spread horizontally in a flock or vertically in case of breeding animals. The administrated cultures compensate for the delayed development of the protective intestinal microflora in chickens hatched under hygienic conditions in modern poultry production.
Broiler breeding flocks: management and animal welfare
Authors:   Wageningen Livestock Research, The Netherlands, de Jong Ingrid C. , van Emous Rick A. ,   Wageningen Livestock Research, The Netherlands
Published: September 2017

Broiler breeders are the parent stock of broiler chickens. Appropriate management in the rearing and the production period is essential to produce a high number of fertile eggs and high-quality broiler chickens. However, research has shown that current management practices may affect the welfare state of broiler breeders, during both the rearing and the production period. This chapter describes the housing and management of broiler breeders. It then reviews the major welfare issues related to the management of broiler breeders, including feed and water restriction, excisions and the potential for management strategies to have transgenerational effects.
The contribution of environmental enrichment to sustainable poultry production
Authors:   Neiker-Tecnalia and Ikerbasque (The Basque Foundation for Science), Spain, Estevez Inma , Newberry Ruth C. ,   Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
Published: September 2017

Environmental enrichment comprises stimuli added to the poultry housing environment to enhance the biological adaptation of the birds and improve their welfare. By promoting species-typical behaviour, it has the potential to reduce the risk of harmful behaviours and health conditions, and to guide birds to use the available resources more uniformly. Environmental enrichment may also promote positive emotional states and enhance the birds’ ability to cope with unpredictable environmental changes. In this chapter, we review environmental enrichment strategies that are relevant to commercial meat poultry production, their benefits in terms of the behaviour and welfare of the birds and their potential for contributing to more efficient and sustainable production models. Potential risks or problems that may arise when environmental enrichment is not appropriately implemented are also discussed, finishing with discussion of current gaps in knowledge and concluding remarks.
Para uma política de informação no ciberespaço: avanços, perspectivas e desafios
Authors: Villota Enríquez Jakeline Amparo , Ogécime Mardochée , Villota Enríquez Maribel Deicy , González Valencia Heriberto
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo consiste em descrever e analisar as políticas de informação do ciberespaço, tanto global como regionalmente, em diversas direções: programas, resoluções, projetos do setor informacional. Igualmente, se apresenta um panorama das mesmas na região Latino-Americana e o Caribe. Mediante uma análise documental da literatura relacionada com o tema, o artigo se fundamenta numa revisão de literatura levantada a partir de materiais científicos como: livros, teses, dissertações, textos em sites da Internet e artigos, e resoluções, relatórios, projetos e decretos que abordam dita temática. Com isso, conceituar o ciberespaço e caracterizar seus elementos, dimensões, estratégias e variações, analisar as políticas de informação do ciberespaço, partindo do cenário global para relacioná-lo, finalmente, com o da região da America Latina e do Caribe, com a ideia de abordar melhor a questão. As políticas de Informação do Ciberespaço experimentam um menor e lento progresso em matéria de cibersegurança; resultantes do obstáculo da cooperação internacional definido pelas ambições díspares de cada Estado ou região.
Problemas da biografia: a construção da memória villalobiana
Authors: Cherñavsky Analía
Published: September 2017

Neste texto procuramos apresentar alguns aspectos da construção da memória de Heitor Villa-Lobos. Em primeiro lugar, analisamos a autobiografia desse compositor, ponto de partida de todo esse processo. A seguir, apontamos os elementos - da trajetória e da personalidade villalobianas - que foram escolhidos e os que foram preteridos pelos seus biógrafos e pela historiografia da música brasileira para moldar a personagem "Villa-Lobos". Por último, apoiados em trabalhos que problematizaram essas escolhas, propomos uma reflexão a respeito dos nemerosos e díspares interesses envolvidos na construção da memória desse importante "herói" nacional.
Water-Thermal Energy Production System (WEPS). A Case Study from Norway
Authors: Idsø Johannes , Årethun Torbjørn
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this paper is to describe a new way of producing renewable energy based on fjords as a water heater. We will call this system the Water-thermal Energy Production System (WEPS), because the basic idea is to extract heating and cooling energy from water. Although a prototype of WEPS has existed in Norway for more than ten years, a WEPS currently in operation has not been financially analyzed in the literature. Coastal parts of Norway have a potential of 5 TWh of profitable WEPS-facilities [9], due to convenient access to fjords containing water with stable all-season temperatures of about 4–12C when the depth of the water is about 50 meters. This stability of the water temperature makes it possible to extract energy from the fjord in a very efficient way. The potential for economically-profitable WEPS in other parts of the world has not been estimated. In order to answer such a question, more research is required. We have conducted a case study of a WEPS located in the Norwegian municipality of Eid. This is the first full-scale Norwegian WEPS, and it has been operating since 2006. The nascent years have passed, and the technology has been in operation for some years. In this paper, we have made an estimate of the business profitability and the external effects based on past empirical evidence and some assumptions about future development in some key figures. The results suggests that WEPS-Eid has been a profitable investment carrying a positive internal rate of revenue, even if the present underutilization in production capacity will continue in the future. Stability in energy prices for heating purposes has also gained customers compared to the more volatile prices of alternative renewable energy, like hydropower or wind turbines. The negative, external effects in the operating phase from WEPS-Eid are insignificant. Despite the significant profitability of the WEPS facility in Eid, there are two main obstacles for new entrants. There is a lack of relevant operational information for potential investors due to few facilities. This leads to uncertainty, and investments in WEPS appear as a risky business. Secondly, construction of a WEPS requires both big financial investments in digging and facilitating long trenches for a pipeline system and time and effort spent on acquiring the licenses needed for doing this work. A coordinating unit is probably required in order to get the necessary public and private licenses and to reduce fixed costs by coordinating other tasks in the same trenches, like pipes for water and sewer, fiber cables and tele-cables. In Eid, the local municipal administration was the coordinating unit.
Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER): An Innovative Emergency Management Tool in the United States
Authors: Schnall Amy , Nakata Nicole , Talbert Todd , Bayleyegn Tesfaye , Martinez DeAndrea , Wolkin Amy
Published: September 2017

Objectives. To demonstrate how inclusion of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) as a tool in Public Health Preparedness Capabilities: National Standards for State and Local Planning can increase public health capacity for emergency response.

Methods. We reviewed all domestic CASPER activities (i.e., trainings and assessments) between fiscal years 2012 and 2016. Data from these CASPER activities were compared with respect to differences in geographic distribution, type, actions, efficacy, and usefulness of training.

Results. During the study period, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted 24 domestic in-person CASPER trainings for 1057 staff in 38 states. On average, there was a marked increase in knowledge of CASPER. Ninety-nine CASPERs were conducted in the United States, approximately half of which (53.5%) assessed preparedness; the others were categorized as response or recovery (27.2%) or were unrelated to a disaster (19.2%).

Conclusions. CASPER trainings are successful in increasing disaster epidemiology skills. CASPER can be used by Public Health Emergency Preparedness program awardees to help build and sustain preparedness and response capabilities.
Project Public Health Ready: History and Evolution of a Best Practice for Public Health Preparedness Planning
Authors: Summers Sarah K. , Ferraro Madison J.
Published: September 2017

We review the history and evolution of Project Public Health Ready and demonstrate why it is considered a best practice in public health preparedness planning.

Previous articles on this program have described its impact on single health departments.

We provide background information, review successes and challenges to date, and inform public health practitioners about a vetted tool for local public health planners to develop capacity and capability in all-hazards planning and response.