bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNKNOWN PRIMARY TUMOR SITES IN SPINAL METASTASIS
Authors: Candido Priscila Barile Marchi , Pinheiro Rômulo Pedroza , Peria Fernanda Maris , Toledo Vinicius Nogueira , Costa Herton Rodrigo Tavares , Defino Helton Luiz Aparecido
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: The goal of the study was to report the prevalence of spinal metastasis with unknown primary tumor, clinical features, treatment results and patient survival. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 103 patients with spinal metastasis and epidural compression, who underwent surgical treatment between March 2009 and August 2015. The prevalence of metastatic spinal tumor with unknown primary tumor was evaluated, as well clinical features, survival and treatment results. Results: Of 103 patients with spinal metastasis and epidural compression, seven patients (6.8%) with unknown primary tumor site were identified; five (71.4%) male and two (28.6%) female, with ages ranging from 37 to 67 years (50.7 years). The metastasis was located in the thoracic spine in six of the patients (85.7%) and in the cervical spine in one (14.3%). The mean survival time was 44.8 days. Conclusion: Spinal metastasis with unknown primary tumor was found in 6.8% of patients. The prognosis and outcomes were poor, and patients had poor survival rates. Level of evidence III; Experimental study.
Caracterización de Marcadores de Células Madre Tumorales en Cáncer Escamocelular de Cavidad Oral
Authors: Garcia Manuel , Campuzano Marisol
Published: February 2021

El cancer escamocelular de cavidad oral es una patología con bajas tasas de sobrevivencia para los pacientes que lo padecen. Se plantea que esto puede ser consecuencia de su recurrencia y resistencia al tratamiento.
Se ha planteado que las células tumorales progenitoras por sus propiedades de auto renovación, iniciación tumoral, migración y metástasis pueden ser lasresponsables de la manutención y renovación del tumor.
Sin embargo, aun no existe un consenso sobre la verdadera participación de estas células y su identificación y caracterización es aun un reto experimental.
En este estudio se lograron identificar in situ, mediante microscopia defluorescencia, diferentes marcadores de células tumorales progenitoras: Tumour-Related Antigen [TRA]-1-60, Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-4 [SSEA-4], SOX2, NANOG y OCT4,
La presencia de estos marcadores sugiere la participación de las célulasprogenitoras tumorales en la evolución de este tipo de cáncer, lo que abre nuevas vías terapéuticas para el posible tratamiento de este tumor con el fin de mejorar el pronostico, tasa de sobrevivencia y calidad de vida del paciente.
Colapso na Saúde em Manaus: o fardo de não aderir às medidas não farmacológicas de redução da transmissão da COVID-19
Authors: Barreto Ivana Cristina de Holanda Cunha , Costa Filho Raimundo Valter , Ramos Ronaldo Fernandes , Oliveira Luciana Gonzaga de , Martins Natália Regina Alves Vaz , Cavalcante Fabrício Vieira , Andrade Luiz Odorico Monteiro de , Santos Leonor Maria Pacheco
Published: February 2021

O objetivo desse artigo é comparar o comportamento do COVID-19 em Manaus e Fortaleza, dois epicentros da pandemia em 2020, analisando medidas legais dos governos locais e níveis de isolamento social. Definiu-se um algoritmo para calcular o Índice de Permanência Domiciliar (IPD), com dados do Google Mobility Report. Analisou-se a linha do tempo dos Decretos, a evolução do IPD, da incidência de COVID-19 e do número de óbitos de março / 2020 a janeiro / 2021. A população de Fortaleza esteve exposta a medidas de distanciamento social mais consistentes que as de Manaus. Maior permanência domiciliar foi observada de março a maio de 2020 e Fortaleza atingiu níveis mais elevados e duradouros. A partir de junho o IPD caiu, sobretudo em Manaus, atingindo níveis abaixo de zero no final de dezembro. Como agravante, o governo decreta amplo isolamento em Manaus em 23/12/2020, mas após protestos, revoga-o em 26/12/2020. Uma Decisão Judicial determina o fechamento completo em Manaus em 01/02/2021, mas foi tarde demais: o SUS entra em colapso com aumento exponencial dos óbitos. Em Fortaleza a demanda por serviços de saúde está elevada, mas sob controle.
Iniciativas didácticas basadas en la revisión entre pares y orientadas a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la escritura de tesis a nivel de posgrado
Authors: Colombo Laura , Álvarez Guadalupe
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Este trabajo analiza dos iniciativas didácticas basadas en la revisión entre pares y orientadas a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la escritura de tesis a nivel de posgrado: un seminario virtual y grupos de escritura presenciales. Específicamente, indagamos las posibilidades y los desafíos asociados con las tareas de retroalimentación entre pares según el punto de vista de los participantes. Método: se analizaron cuestionarios electrónicos y entrevistas en profundidad cara a cara a un total de 16 participantes. Resultados: identificar las siguientes categorías: a) el acceso a perspectivas diferentes, b) el acompañamiento de las tesis, c) el foco de la retroalimentación, d) el desafío del tiempo, e) las tecnologías digitales y f) la cuestión relacional. Discusión y Conclusiones: Creemos que este tipo de estudios ayudan a promover una pedagogía de la escritura a nivel de posgrado necesaria para el avance de las tesis y la culminación de los estudios de posgrado.
Gobernanza global de las semillas. Complementariedades y conflictos entre lo ambiental, la propiedad intelectual y el libre comercio
Authors: Perelmuter Tamara
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza las dinámicas de la gobernanzaglobal de las semillas. Se trata de un proceso inherentemente conflictivo en torno a las regulaciones sobre el acceso a estas, su uso y control, derivado de disputas de poder entre una multiplicidad de actores con intereses diversos y contrapuestos. El estudio está centrado en las actuales tendencias contradictorias de apropiación y conservación de las semillas, a partir del análisis de dos bloques de pactos con posicionamientos divergentes que afectan su gobernanza. Por un lado, aquellos orientados a la apropiación de las semillas a través de la propiedad intelectual. Por otro lado, aquellos inspirados en una racionalidad ambiental orientada a su conservación. Las interrelaciones entre ambos bloques buscan complementarse generando cierta sinergia, a pesar de tener objetivos diferentes. Sin embargo, el vínculo no es simétrico y los tratados de propiedad intelectual han ido limitando los alcances de la agenda ambiental.
Problemáticas socioambientales, expertos, y encrucijadas en el campo argentino
Authors: Gárgano Cecilia
Published: February 2021

Desde un marco analítico que combina aportes de la historia y la filosofía de la ciencia, este artículo analiza el rol de expertos y conocimientos científico-tecnológicos en el modelo agrícola vigente en Argentina, dominado por la agricultura transgénica. A partir de tres situaciones que involucran al Estado, las empresas y las comunidades rurales, se reflexiona en torno al rol de las prácticas científicas hegemónicas en las transformaciones materiales del espacio rural y en los discursos sobre su funcionamiento. A través de diversas fuentes secundarias especializadas y fuentes primarias (prensa gráfica, documentos institucionales, entrevistas a científicos, técnicos y residentes rurales), se estudia la conexión entre las formas en las que son producidos estos saberes, las voces que inciden en la conformación de las agendas de investigación, y las profundas problemáticas socioambientales que configuran el espacio rural argentino. Finalmente, se analiza la intervención de estos conocimientos y de los entramados político-institucionales que inciden en la mercantilización de los saberes y la naturaleza. Como resultado, se expone su papel en la configuración del modelo agrícola vigente como una “alternativa infernal”, en tanto es concebido y construido como espacio destinado inexorablemente a extraer porciones de naturaleza mercantilizada, con consecuentes implicancias sociales y ambientales.
The effects of violent strikes on the economy of a developing country: A case of South Africa
Authors: Tenza Mlungisi
Published: February 2021

The issue of violent and lengthy strikes has been a feature of South Africa’s industrial relations for a while now. There are no mechanisms in place to curb violent strikes even though their effects are visible in all corners of the Republic. Violent and lengthy strikes have devastating effects on the economy, cause injury to members of the community and non-striking workers, and more particularly poverty as employers would retrench workers if their businesses do not make profit as a result of prolonged non-production. In the mining sector where strikes are a common feature, it has been reported that employers have lost billions of rands through lengthy and violent strikes. The article acknowledges the developments brought about by amendments in the Labour Relations Act, which appears to be short of addressing the situation. The article proposes that if interest arbitration can be introduced into the Labour Relations Act, the situation may change for the better as employers and unions will be compelled to resolve their dispute(s) within a short space of time. It further submits that a strike should be allowed to proceed only if it is lawful and does not involve violence. In addition, the Labour Court should be empowered to intervene in instances where violence has developed and force the parties to arbitration.
Mental illness, harassment and labour laws: Some thoughts on harassment by employees suffering from mental illness
Authors: Ndou Moffat Maitele
Published: February 2021

Section 23 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides that everyone has the right to fair labour practices. Section 9 of the Constitution prohibits unfair discrimination directly or indirectly against anyone on one or more grounds, including among others disability. In terms of section 6(1) of the Employment Equity Act (EEA), no person may unfairly discriminate, directly or indirectly, against an employee, in any employment policy or practice, on one or more grounds, including among others disability or on any other arbitrary ground. Section 6(1) applies to employees, which includes applicants; but it is only limited to conduct occurring within the scope of an “employment policy or practice”. In Marsland v New Way Motor & Diesel Engineering (2009) 30 ILJ 169 (LC), the court concluded that discrimination based on the fact that a person suffers from a mental health problem, has the potential to impair the fundamental dignity of that person as a human being, or to affect them in a comparably serious manner. Consequently, discrimination based on mental illness must be treated as a prohibited ground of discrimination. However, as it was pointed out in Hoffmann v South African Airways 2001 (1) SA 1 (CC), it may in some instances be justified to discriminate on the ground of mental illness, if it is proved that the discrimination is based on an inherent requirement of a job. Section 15 of the EEA requires that, when the employer implements affirmative action measures, he/she must make reasonable accommodation for people from designated groups, in order to ensure that they enjoy equal opportunities and are equitably represented in the workforce of a designated employer. Section 1 defines “reasonable accommodation” as “any modification or adjustment to a job or to the working environment that will enable a person from a designated group to have access to or participate or advance in employment”. Section 6(3) of the EEA provides that harassment is a form of discrimination and is prohibited among others on the ground of disability or any other arbitrary ground. Harassment is also a form of misconduct. The employer is required to take reasonable steps to prevent harassment and failure to do so, the employer is liable for such harassment. Where an employee who has a mental illness, commits an act of harassment against another employee, the employer should take into account its duty to reasonably accommodate the offending employee, the duty to take steps to prevent harassment and the fact that it may be automatically unfair to dismiss an employee for misconduct which was committed because of mental illness.
Procedural unfairness occasioned by unreasonable delay in finalising a disciplinary inquiry: Stokwe v Member of the Executive Council: Department of Education, Eastern Cape [2018] ZACC 3
Authors: Khumalo Bongani
Published: February 2021

“Justice delayed is justice denied” is a legal maxim which denotes that if legal redress is available to a party that has suffered, or is suffering an injustice but is not dispensed timeously, it has the same effect as having no redress at all (see Steenkamp J sentiments in Road Accident Fund v Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration [2016] ZALCJHB 139 par 5; see also the definition at Definitions and Translations https://www.definitions.net/definition/justice+delayed+is+justice+denied (accessed 2019-09-12)). In this context, the maxim is used to emphasise that delays in finalising employment disciplinary processes may amount to a denial of justice. Research shows that unreasonable delays in finalising disciplinary cases affect the health and can even cause excruciating distress on the employees concerned (Van der Bank, Engelbrecht and Strumpher “Perceived Fairness of Disciplinary Procedures in the Public Service Sector: An Exploratory Study: Empirical Research” 2008 6(2) SA Journal of Human Resource Management 8).
CONSTRUCTION OF COMPUTER MODEL OF PROPELLER ELECTRIC PLANT BY GENERATOR – MOTOR SYSTEM
Authors:   Kamchatka State Technical University, Marchenko A.A.
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the creation of a computer model of a single-circuit propeller electric plant. The first step was to construct a mathematical model of the system. On the basis of this model, a computer model was creat-ed in Matlab and was thereafter checked in a nominal mode. Then we verified the model and actual system by conducting an experiment to adjust the frequency of the propeller motor. The results obtained indicate the cor-rectness of the constructed mathematical and computer models and the effectiveness of this system.
GENERATIVE AND VEGETATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF LARGE-FRUITED STRAWBERRY FRAGARIA ANANASSA WHEN USING BIOSTIMULANTS FROM MARINE HYDROBIONTS OF KAMCHATKA
Authors:   Kamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture, Dakhno T.G. , Dakhno O.A. ,   Kamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture
Published: February 2021

The influence of organic fertilizers (biostimulants) “Bio-Algo”, “Bio-Mix” and “Bio-Fish” made from Kam-chatka’s marine organisms on the indicators of generative and vegetative productivity of large-fruited straw-berries were represented. Comparison of organic biostimulants effect on such indicators as winter hardiness, general condition and pathogen damage revealed that the most effective biological product is “Bio-Algo”, the use of which had a positive effect on the development of strawberry plants and subsequent recovery pro-cesses after overwintering, increasing their generative and vegetative productivity. When processing straw-berry plants with the preparation an increase in the mass of the berry was noted, this ultimately increases generative productivity, without reducing the quality characteristics of the fruit – the content of ascorbic acid and soluble dry substances. It was stated that the use of organic fertilizer Bio-Algo increases the generative productivity of large-fruited strawberries by 1.3 times and the generative productivity by 1.6 times.
Что означает понятие «суверенитет» в цифровом мире?
Authors:   York University, Couture Stephane , Toupin Sophie ,   McGill University
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена особенностям употребления понятия «суверенитет» в реалиях цифровизации. Рассматриваемое понятие все чаще используется для описания всевозможных форм независимости, контроля и автономии в отношении элементов цифровой инфраструктуры, технологий и данных. Представленный анализ основывается на результатах предшествующих и текущих исследований (с привлечением специалистов и экспертов), в рамках которых авторы обнаруживают примеры применения понятия «суверенитет» для описания технологических процессов, которые существенно отличаются от деятельности государств. Авторы рассматривают ряд публикаций, чтобы продемонстрировать разнообразие существующих подходов, принятых в рамках различных групп и объединений. Наглядно показано, что хотя в отдельных случаях понятие «суверенитет» используется для установления некой формы коллективного контроля над цифровой информацией и (или) инфраструктурой, возможны и совершенно иные подходы к определению рассматриваемого понятия.
Sustainable Development and Digitalization: The Unusual COVID-19 Crisis Requires Original Solutions
Authors:   Center for Economic Modeling of Energy and Ecology of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Lanshina Tatyana ,   Manager of the international network for finding solutions in the field of sustainable development SDSN in Russia, Barinova Vera ,   Center for Economic Modeling of Energy and Ecology of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation; international network for finding solutions in the field of sustainable development SDSN in Russia, Kondratiev Andrei ,   National Research University “MPEI”, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electrification, Department of Power Supply for Industrial Enterprises and Electrotechnology; Management, Department of Sustainable Development Economics, Moscow Witte University, Romantsov Mikhail ,   Department of Sustainable Development Economics, Moscow Witte University
Published: February 2021

This article provides a content analysis of over 20 policy proposals for coping with the COVID-19 crisis that have been published by influential international organizations, governments, corporations, academics and civil society groups. The current situation, the role of digitalization during the crisis, and the composition of anti-crisis measures already taken by the world’s largest economies are investigated, and long-term measures are proposed aimed at restoring the global economy and moving toward more equitable and sustainable development.The authors identify a significant green component in public policy proposals published since the pandemic began and note that many proposals relate to equity and inclusiveness in development and meeting the needs of individuals. The authors further identify key areas of sustainable development that require action in the near future and which can create new opportunities for economic development: renewable energy and clean transport, cyclical economy, digitalization and environmental protection. At the same time, it is noted that the transition to a green economy is of a long-term nature and may conflict with the need in the short term to support the economy in overcoming the crisis.These priority areas for government action require attention within the framework of Russia’s anti-crisis policy. Given the sharp drop in oil prices, the acceleration of digitalization and decarbonization, and the magnitude of the 2020 economic crisis, Russia needs to begin an accelerated transition to low-carbon energy, a cyclical economy and the restoration of its ecosystems with accelerated digitalization.
Towards to Digital: A Review of OECD Reports on the Development and Impact of Online Platforms
Authors:   Centre for International Institutions Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Vasilkovsky Sergey
Published: February 2021

Online platforms assumed an important role in the economy and society. They have brought significant benefits to consumers, businesses and governments, for example, by helping them more efficiently interact with significant number of people, trading partners and clients as well as provide government services. In the review the author observes reports of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on the characteristics of digital platforms and their impact on the economy, society and politics. In addition, the author will touch upon the issues of labor market regulation, taxation, as well as the problems of ensuring the confidentiality of the collection, storage and use of data.
Effective asexual propagation (fragmentation) method of the soft coral Xenia umbellata v1
Authors: Kim Sohyoung , Wild Christian , Tilstra Arjen
Published: February 2021

Many asexual propagation methods for hard corals can easily be found in scientific papers, while methods for soft corals are mostly present in grey literature or aquarium hobbyists’ forums. Moreover, fragmentation methods for hard corals are difficult to be adopted by many soft corals since they lack a rigid support system. Even though some soft corals may be considered as easy and fast growers, it is difficult when it comes to preparing healthy fragments in large quantities to use for experiments. Thus, the Plug mesh method was formulated to easily fragment one soft coral type lacking any rigid support system, the Xenia umbellata, efficiently. This method was coined by modifying a method named theTunnel cube method developed by Curry (2020) and could be used for many other soft corals with similar characteristics.
Artificial intelligence-based hybrid forecasting models for manufacturing systems
Authors: Rosienkiewicz Maria
Published: February 2021

The paper addresses the problem of forecasting in manufacturing systems. The main aim of the research is to propose new hybrid forecasting models combining artificial intelligencebased methods with traditional techniques based on time series – namely: Hybrid econometric model, Hybrid artificial neural network model, Hybrid support vector machine model and Hybrid extreme learning machine model. The study focuses on solving the problem of limited access to independent variables. Empirical verification of the proposed models is built upon real data from the three manufacturing system areas – production planning, maintenance and quality control. Moreover, in the paper, an algorithm for the forecasting accuracy assessment and optimal method selection for industrial companies is introduced. It can serve not only as an efficient and costless tool for advanced manufacturing companies willing to select the right forecasting method for their particular needs but also as an approach supporting the initial steps of transformation towards smart factory and Industry 4.0 implementation.
Studying the impact of alkaline sulfide leaching parameters upon the efficiency of arsenic recovery from copper skimmings of lead production
Authors: Tymbayeva A. A. , Mamyachenkov S. V. , Bannikova S. A. , Anisimova O. S.
Published: February 2021

The article is concerned with the problem of arsenic circulation as copper skimmings of lead production — the product of the lead bullion decopperization process at a metallurgical complex, uniting copper and lead plants. A brief overview of the methods of processing arsenic-containing middling products for the purpose of arsenic removal is given; the main advantages and disadvantages are indicated. The possibility of processing copper skimmings by the method of alkaline sulfide leaching with separation into arseniccontaining solution and lead-copper precipitate is studied. The results of the researches into the influence of temperature, process duration, solids content in the pulp, particle size, and the ratio of sodium hydroxide to elemental sulfur in the alkaline sulfide reagent on the process of alkaline sulfide leaching of copper skimmings af lead production are provided. Within the studied range of varied factors, the highest indexes of arsenic extraction into solution (85.04%) were achieved under the following conditions: temperature — 85 °C, duration — 4 hours, solids content in the pulp — 350 g/dm3, fraction (–0.08 mm), NaOH/S ratio = 100 g/100 g in 1 dm3 of the solution. The proposed method for processing copper skimmings will allow one to selectively isolate arsenic into the dump waste product during subsequent precipitation and separate contaminant from lead-copper cake, into which precious metals also pass. Such an approach provides the reduction of arsenic circulation between the lead and copper manufacturing facilities.
Studies on heap leaching of gold with the addition of sodium acetate as an intensifying reagent
Authors: Yessengarayev Ye. K. , Baimbetov B. S. , Surimbayev B. N.
Published: February 2021

One of the cheapest methods of extracting gold is heap leaching. However, the recovery of gold by this method is relatively low, compared with cyanidation of the crushed material, so the search for the ways to intensify leaching and increase gold recovery is an urgent task. Investigations on heap leaching of gold from the gold-bearing ore of the Sari Gunay deposit were conducted using a promising reagent sodium acetate to intensify the heap leaching process. The results of assay-gravimetric, chemical, mineralogical and granulometric analyses of oxidized ore are presented. The average gold content in the ore was 2.90 g/t. According to the electron probe analysis, gold in the ore is present in the form of fine (micron) inclusions in minerals and ore rocks. Comparative studies on heap leaching of gold from the crushed ore with a grain size of –20 + 0 mm with the addition of sodium acetate and without that were carried out. The degree of gold recovery with sodium acetate at a flow rate of 0.5 kg/t was 58.74%, that without sodium acetate was 54.69%, i.e. the addition of the reagent provides an increase in recovery of more than 4%. Leaching with the addition of the reagent also reduces sodium cyanide consumption from 0.65 to 0.59 kg/t. The research results have shown that sodium acetate can be used to intensify the process of heap leaching of gold when the ore size is –20+0 mm.
Calciothermic powders of rare metals and intermetallic compounds
Authors: Kasimtsev A. V. , Yudin S. N. , Levinsky Yu. V.
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a profound review of scientific and technical literature on the issues of calciothermic production of powders of rare metals, intermetallic compounds, composite materials and refractory oxygen-free compounds (carbides, nitrides). Calciothermic reduction is a metallothermic synthesis method for those substances where calcium or its derivatives, such as calcium hydride or calcium carbide, are used as a reducing agent. Thermodynamics aspects of a reduction process are covered in the paper broadly, with particular emphasis on assessing the reduction depth of original oxide raw materials, as TiO2. The mechanism and kinetics of calciothermic synthesis of single-component and multi-component alloys are described. Presented are both technological means of obtaining materials and hardware resources of many varieties of calciothermic method. The key features of the work are generalization and systematization of properties (chemical, physical, technological) of materials synthesized by calciothermic method. The data are accumulated in the appropriate tables and divided by substance classes (powders of metals and alloys, powders of intermetallic compounds, powders of carbides, powders of nitrides, and powders of composite materials). Methods of calciothermic powder making in case of the singlecomponent and complex multi-component systems are briefly described. This work will be interesting to the students of metallurgical profile and specialists whose scientific interests are in the field of material synthesis by methods of powder metallurgy.
Modified aluminum alloys of Al – Zr system for power transmission lines of Uzbekistan
Authors: Mansurov Yu. N. , Rakhmonov J. U. , Aksyonov A. A.
Published: February 2021

The energy sector of Uzbekistan has undergone significant changes in recent years. To diversify the electricity generation sources of the country, it is planned to bring atomic energy sector to the country and further expand more traditional energy production sources, such as wind, solar and other mixed sources. The effectiveness of electricity generation sources is determined by the consumers as well as by the quality and the number of ways to transfer the generated electricity from the source to the consumer. The power lines are considered as an effective tool for transmitting the electricity all around the globe. The main conductive part of the power lines is composed of steel wires that possess a combination of high electrical conductivity and sufficiently high strength. However, the development of new materials with increased conductivity and preferable strength-to-weight ratio compared to steels is an urgent task. The aluminium, owing to its higher electrical conductivity than that of steel, can be alternative material, even though the strength of aluminium and its alloys is noticeably inferior to those of steel. In addition, the Al alloys are widely used in the electrical industry, particularly, cable industry, due to their low density, low melting point, high corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. The aim of this work is to develop Al-based alloy with high electrical conductivity and enough level of strength for use as a material to produce power lines. The work established the possibility of producing the ingots from Al alloy containing Zr in industrial scale, and then, through subsequent processing of the ingots, obtaining a wire having a combination of preferable strength and electrical conductivity that meet the requirements of the energy sector of Uzbekistan. Mass production of wire for power lines requires significant adjustment and control of the modes of melting and casting of ingots compared to conventional alloys.
Analysis of Software Tools for Working with Petri Nets
Authors:   RTU MIREA, Moscow, 107996, Russian Federation, Kulagin V. P. , Loginov A. A. ,   RTU MIREA, Moscow, 107996, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

here is provides an overview of the existing software for modeling using Petri nets. The features of the Petri nets and the advantages of its use are presented. The relevance of the development and use of tools for working with Petri nets is reasonable. A comparative analysis of the capabilities of software tools, including a comparison of the analysis and synthesis functions, the capabilities of creating libraries, cross-platform support, etc. Conclusions are drawn about the spheres of application of the described software.
Upward, Lateral, or Downward? Multiple Perspectives on Migrants’ Educational Mobilities
Authors: Söhn Janina , Prekodravac Milena
Published: February 2021

Education is a major component of individuals’ social status in terms of self-positioning and economic opportunities. Migrants’ qualifications from abroad are often devalued by employers or state institutions. One option to react to such a lack of recognition is the gaining of institutionalized cultural capital in the receiving society. Comparing levels of education attained before and after migration, migrants may move in an upward, lateral, or downward direction. Our study investigates the vertical dimension of transnational educational mobility from multiple perspectives. First, our quantitative analysis of the NEPS (the German National Educational Panel Study) relates the levels of pre- and post-migration education. We critically reflect on how respective results on educational mobility depend on how respondents sort their foreign education into the German system of educational categories and hierarchies used in the survey questionnaire. Second, our qualitative analysis sheds light on several dimensions of migrants’ subjective views and how their educational biographies interact with institutional settings in the receiving society. Exemplarily presented in-depth interviews focus on migrants who pursued educational programs in order to be able to return to the occupations (nursing and economics) they had been trained for abroad, but for which they were denied recognition in Germany. Our findings emphasize that post-migration education is highly ambivalent in terms of in- and exclusion. Individual migrants are caught in the structural tension between academic education as a rather globalized institution and nationally specific educational programs and hierarchies which are often incompatible across borders.
Comparative Effects of Probiotics and Inactivated Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Supplementations on Growth Performance, Feed Conversion Ratio and Some Blood Parameters in Quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Hassan Nazenine
Published: February 2021

In the recent years, the use of probiotics and prebiotics, as a food supplement, has been increased, it appears to be an effective supplement to reduce the use of antibiotics, coccidostats and mycotoxin binder, particularly in the poultry industry. The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of probiotic and prebiotic supplements on growth rate, feed conversion ratio and some blood parameters in Japanese quail. 150 quails were used, and randomly divided at day 3 of age into three equal groups: control groups; without any treatments, probiotic-treated group; treated with probiotic (0.150 g probiotic/l liter of water), and prebiotic-treated group; treated with (1 ml prebiotic/l liter of water) for 4 weeks. The resulted showed that total white blood cells, lymphocytes numbers, total red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and total platelets were significantly (p≤0.05) increased in birds, treated with prebiotic when compared to the control and probiotic-treated group. While the granulocytes count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and red blood cell distribution width-standard were significantly (p≤0.05) reduced in both prebiotic and probiotic-treated groups. The white blood mid cells number (monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and blasts cells) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly increased in the prebiotic-treated birds compared to the control group. In addition, the pre-and probiotics were found to improve the level of serum-phosphor, blood sugar level, serum-creatinine. In conclusion, the prebiotic and probiotic supplementation appears to enhance red blood cell indices, and boost the immune system via the process of leukocytosis.
Phycolimnological study of some wastewater of Sulaimani Provience -Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Dalya , Farkha Trifa
Published: February 2021

This work is aimed to study the characteristics of some wastewater in Sulaimani city. Water samples were collected monthly from October 2018 to May 2019  from four  sites, two of them Site1:Tanjaro River before bridge,Site 2:Tanjaro River after bridge along  Tanjaro river , Site3:kana swra and Site4:Awbara from weast water of Sulaimani city box channels  which finally flow into Tanjaro river . To represent their water quality some physical , chemical and Biological  analysis were conducted. The  mean value of pH for all studied sites was found to be above 7 . The value of Electrical conductivity(EC) in Sites 1,2,3 and 4 were ranged between(407-601 µs/cm),( 266-585 µs/cm) ,( 773-1004 µs/cm) and(398-975 µs/cm)respectively, Turbidity ranged between(42-1001 NTU),( 57-986 NTU),( 32-1010.5 NTU) and(41-643 NTU) in Site 1,2,3 and 4 respectivly and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) value  in Site 1,2,3 and 4 were ranged between(251-975.5 mg/L),( 275-926 mg/L),( 354-1025 mg/L) and(452-1025 mg/L) respectively. A total of 114 algal taxa were identified belonging to 7 classes, 63 taxa belonged to Bacillariophyceae species, they were the most abundant group (4 taxa belong to centrales and 59 taxa belonging to pinnales),  followed by 24 taxa of Cyanophyceae ,22 taxa chlorophyceae, , 2 taxa Pyrophyceae and 1 taxa for each of Euglenophyceae, Rhodophyceae and Xanthophyceae. Higher phytoplankton density was recorded  in Awbara (58269.44ind×103/L), while the  lowest density was recorded in Tanjaro River after the bridge which was (14300.2ind×103/L).
New Ostracoda Species in the Upper Part of the Tanjero Formation (Late Maastrichtian), Sulaimaniyha City, Kurdistan Regin-NE- Iraq
Authors: Taha Zardasht
Published: February 2021

The present work is focused on the ostracoda study from the upper part of the Tanjero Formation (Late Maastrichtian), Qlyassan area, Sulaimaniya city, Northeasten Iraq. The Tanjero Formation in Qlyassan section (5 m thick) consists of   brownish grey to dark gray marl to silty marl with thin graded sandstone, more than one hundred specimens picked up, fourteen species from nine genera of ostracods  were identified and illustrated in the upper unit of the Tanjero Formation. Three new species from the fourteen identified species are recognized which are Cytherella sulaimaniensis sp. nov., Cardobairdia tanjeroiensis sp. nov. and Pontocyprella  qlyasaniensis sp .nov. These three new species support the age of the Tanjero Formation as the Late Masstrichtian (Upper Cretaceous).
Race Classification from Face Images Using Fast Fourier Transform and Discrete Cosine Transform
Authors: Ahmed Hawkar
Published: February 2021

Ethnicity identification and recognition is a key biometric technology with a wide range of applications related to homeland security, safety, access control, and automatic annotation. Ethnicity identification from face images is a process of gathering facial features of an individual face image compared to existing face images in the dataset to interpretation his/her ethnic class. In this paper, a propose method in multi-level fusion schema for ethnicity identification by using two global features; fast Fourier transform (FFT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) on the pre-processed face image of size 128 * 128 in YCbCr color space. A dataset is consisting of 750 face image of three different ethnicities (Kurd 300, Oriental 300 and African 150). The query image feature is compared with a dataset image features using k – nearest neighbor classifier using City block distance for evaluating similarity measurement. The experimental result shows good accuracy and demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined features reached an accuracy rate 96.22% of classiﬁcation.
On Weakly Pure Submodules of Locally Multiplication Modules
Authors: Jabbar Adil , Hussein Pery
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the definition of weakly pure submodule is introduced and studied and also weakly pure submodules of locally multiplication modules are studied and some properties that concern this type of modules in locally multiplication modules are proved. In addition, several properties of multiplication modules have been extended to locally multiplication modules and some relations that concerning weakly pure submodules and weakly pure submodules are obtained.
A New Spectral on the Gradient Methods for Unconstrained Optimization Minimization Problem
Authors: Hassan Basim , Jabbar Hawraz
Published: February 2021

One simple and well-known method for minimizing the functions is a spectral conjugate gradient method. In this paper, we derive a new spectral on the  method of gradient, which can give a new path of search. The new spectral method holds the property of descent and we have shown that the spectral method is convergent globally. The empirical results show that for the test problems, the given approach is competitive with the other conjugate gradient methods.
Estimating the Parameter of RNA by using Hybrid Bat with Modified CG Algorithms
Authors: Mitras Ban , Jumaa Borhan
Published: February 2021

In this research, one of the flock algorithms hybridized which the algorithm of flock of Bat’s examples with a traditional modified method that is the conjugate gradient method where it modified by deriving new conjugate coefficient. The sufficient descent and the global convergence properties for the proposed algorithm proved, and each of the thorough approximation and descending qualities illustrated for the coefficient that derived. The numeral results on test functions showed the efficiency of the hybrid algorithm on each of flock of Bats and conjugate gradient original algorithms. The hybrid algorithm was also to estimate the parameter θ that exist in Boltzmann distribution that controls the structure of the Ribo Nucleic Acid (RNA). This paper dealt with estimation of the parameter of Boltzmann's Distribution by using the hybrid algorithm. The results of the hybrid algorithm were encouraged.
On the Boundedness of Solution of the Second Order Ordinary Differential Equation with Involution
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Abdalmohammed Barez
Published: February 2021

In the present paper, the initial value problem for the second order ordinary differential equation with involution is investigated. We obtain equivalent initial value problem for the fourth order ordinary differential equations to the initial value problem for second order linear differential equations with involution. Theorem on stability estimates for the solution of the initial value problem for the second order ordinary linear differential equation with involution is proved. Theorem on existence and uniqueness of bounded solution of initial value problem for second order ordinary nonlinear differential equation with involution is established.
The property of linear fractional integro-differential equations on the basis of the collocation method and the operational matrices of cubic B-spline wavelets
Authors: Ghasemian Abolfazl , Behzadi Ali , Shirvani Aazam , Azari Yaqub
Published: February 2021

In this paper, by using the collocation method the operational matrix of Caputo fractional derivative was constructed for the cubic B-spline scaling function and wavelets. We apply the operational matrix and the Collocation method to solve linear fractional Volterra integro-differential equations. By using the principal characteristic of this technique, we have the operational matrix, which is applied to solve any linear fractional Volterra integro-differential equation by reducing the time, computer memory occupation and convert to a system of linear equations. Finally, the validity and applicability of the new technique will be shown by some numerical examples and convergence analysis.
Construction and Convergence Analysis of Polynomial Spline Function of Degree Eight for Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Ali Amina , HamaSalh Faraidun , Yasin Balen
Published: February 2021

In the present work, a special spline interpolation of the eighth degree has been constructed, and then theorem of existence and error bounded for this polynomial has been proved. Convergence analysis of the eight-degree spline polynomial has been shown. Later we have shown that this method is a numerical way to achieve solution for fractional differential equations. In addition, the proficiency and competency of this method are illustrated by given numerical examples.
TRACES OF THE MOUNTAIN SHIRVAN TRIBES IN THE MICROTOPONIES
Authors: Bandaliev Vugar
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study is to study the territory of Mountainous Shirvan, selected as an object of study, date, conditions, sources, susceptibility to change, and other microtoonyms in natural and economic regions as a result of labor and productive activities of people.

Research method. Some microtoponyms on the territory of Mountainous Shirvan of the Republic of Azerbaijan have been studied by geographical, historical methods and the method of linguistic analysis.

Results. The article reveals the names of the tribe involved in the creation of a number of microtoponyms. For example, Borbor tepesi, Khalaj gerebi, Dallek shishi, Kolany zirvesi, Karaoglanli yaly, etc. On the territory of Mountainous Shirvan of the Azerbaijan Republic there are enough toponyms and microtoponyms bearing the names of different tribes. This is due to the development of these territories by some tribes. It was also conditioned by the natural and geographical conditions and vertical zoning (summer and winter pastures, etc.) of the territory. The article studies the traces of some tribes in the participation of the formation of some microtoponyms and distribution areas, conditions and reasons for their formation and others. for example, Aksakli shishi, Aksakli yolu, Aksakli suvati, Aksakli guneyi, Turan gylyndzhy, Turan tepesi, Yurt Hydyrly, Yurt Khalaj, Yurt Boyat, Karaman dagy, etc. Each microtoponym is of great importance noted in the study. Research shows that there are such microtoponyms that reflect the name of the tribe. Among them there are such as Dallek Shishi, Arab Gerebi, Khalaj Gerebi, Khalaj Yurt, Karaman Dagy, etc. We know that some Arab tribes settled in Shirvan during the Arab occupation. Of these, Arabbaloglan, Arabgardashbeyli, Arabkadim, Arabshamly, Hila and others. The population of Arabgardashbeyli moved from Mountainous Shirvan.

Scientific novelty. On the basis of microtoponyms not included in any written literature and preserved in the stone memory of the peoples of the territory, the conditions for the formation of past names are revealed, the geographical position of the territories, the direction of the economy and the name of the tribe.
Detecting Fake News using Machine Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Et al. Alim Al Ayub Ahmed
Published: February 2021

Internet is one of the important inventions and a large number of persons are its users. These persons use this for different purposes. There are different social media platforms that are accessible to these users. Any user can make a post or spread the news through these online platforms. These platforms do not verify the users or their posts. So some of the users try to spread fake news through these platforms. These fake news can be a propaganda against an individual, society, organization or political party. A human being is unable to detect all these fake news. So there is a need for machine learning classifiers that can detect these fake news automatically. Use of machine learning classifiers for detecting the fake news is described in this systematic literature review.
CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE SUBJECT OF CREATIVITY
Authors: Et al. Jurayeva Sohibjamol Norkobilovna
Published: February 2021

This article details in detail the creativity of the creator in the world and through the history and culture of the world, the essence of which is the method of existence of the creator in the world, its innovative potential, and the ideas of thinkers as cultural and historical sources for the innovative development of the subject of creativity. It is justified that pedagogical and psychological sciences play an important role in the development of the creative potential of the subject of creativity.
Economic Efficiency And Its Determinants In Chu-Mango Farming In The Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Et al. Truong Hong Vo Tuan Kiet
Published: February 2021

The paper employed a Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier profit function to measure the level of economic efficiency (EE) and its determinants. The structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 522 of sampling observations (212, 171, and 139 observations for seasons 1, 2, and 3, respectively) randomly selected from designated locations in the Mekong Delta (MD). The study established a mean EE of 36.2%, 31.9%, and 35.9% in seasons 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The study identifiedthe land area and wrapping bag to be positively and significantly influencing on profit efficiency among three seasons. Besides, the results of the analysis indicated that labour price was important factor in season 3 at the 5% significance level, and price of the root fertiliser, leaf fertiliser and labour affected mainly on profit efficiency in season 2 at the 1% significance level. By contrast, the variable of the fungicide price in season 2, and the root fertiliser price in season 3 were negative factors on profit efficiency at the 1% significance level. Particularly, policy solutions were recommended that farmers should design Chu-mango gardens with appropriate trees density as well as encourage gardeners to use bags for wrapping mango fruits in farming in order to increase profit efficiency. Specially, Chu-mango growers should be empowered in land area acquisition to applied advanced technology in large-scale production more effectively.