bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Consenso de Washington: algunas implicaciones para América Latina
Authors: Castañeda Rodríguez Víctor Mauricio , Díaz Bautista Omar
Published: February 2017

Tras la crisis de la deuda externa, diversos países de América Latina emprendieron amplias reformas económicas orquestadas por organismos multilaterales como el FMI, las cuales se alineaban con las pautas que hacían parte del Consenso de Washington. Sin embargo, tras más de 25 años de aplicación del citado Consenso, son contradictorios muchos de los resultados alcanzados en materia económica y social en la región, por lo que en este documento, además de revisar algunas falencias en su concepción, se consideran ciertas recomendaciones de ajuste, especialmente en el área tributaria. En general, se establece que la falta de coherencia interna del modelo y lo endeble de ciertas hipótesis en que se fundamentó, como la presunta ineficiencia del Estado, limitaron el cumplimiento de sus objetivos.
Presentación: Elecciones y cultura política en Ámerica
Authors: Acuña Rodríguez Olga Yanet
Published: February 2017

Los recientes debates electorales que se han efectuado en Inglaterra, Colombia y Estados Unidos son un referente para preguntarnos por el papel del ciudadano, las políticas públicas en materia electoral, las prácticas, el signiicado del ejercicio del sufragio en la deinición de proyectos políticos de Estado. Por otra parte, centrar la atención en el estudio de las elecciones permite ir más allá de la emisión de un voto y de tener en cuenta el sufragio como parte de las estadísticas electorales, que de por sí ya es un indicador; el estudio de las elecciones motiva a analizar la cotidianidad de la política, la construcción y el signiicado de los discursos y sobre todo, los intereses inmersos que motivan negociaciones y la consolidación de redes de poder en los diversos ámbitos.
Impact of alcohol on hepatic mitochondrial DNA damage in streptozotocin diabetic rats
Authors: Kodidela Swarnalatha , Govatati Suresh , Matha Sumanth Kumar , Korla Swapna Vahini , Naidu B. Prathap , Thippannagari Lokesh , Bramhachari Pallaval Veera , Bhanoori Manjula , Nallanchakravarthula Varadacharyulu
Published: February 2017

Mitochondrial dysfunction with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a characteristic feature of diabetes which is associated with damage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Alcohol metabolism generates ROS with enhanced oxidative stress leading to damage of cellular constituents including mtDNA. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of alcohol consumption on hepatic mtDNA damage in diabetic rats. MtDNA was isolated from hepatic tissues of non-diabetic and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats after alcohol treatment. Comprehensive screening of mtDNA displacement loop (D-loop) was carried out by PCR-Sanger’s sequencing analysis. MtDNA deletions were analyzed by long-extension PCR. Furthermore, activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were measured in hepatic tissue of all rats. Our results showed increased frequency of D-loop mutations in alcoholic-diabetic rats when compared to diabetic or alcoholic non-diabetic rats. DNA mfold analysis predicted higher free energy for 15507C, 15560T and 16116C alleles compared to their corresponding wild alleles which represents less stable secondary structures with negative impact on overall mtDNA function. MtDNA deletions were observed in all experimental groups except controls. Markedly decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes viz., GPx, SOD, catalase and GSH content was identified in alcoholic-diabetic rats when compared to remaining groups. In conclusion, decreased GSH content and lowered activity of catalase, SOD and GPx favor the environment for oxidative stress, which might lead to exacerbation of hepatic mitochondrial DNA damage in diabetic rats receiving alcohol.
A Novel Biomimetic Approach to Repair Enamel Cracks/Carious Damages and to Reseal Dentinal Tubules by Amorphous Polyphosphate
Authors: Müller Werner E.G. , Ackermann Maximilian , Neufurth Meik , Tolba Emad , Wang Shunfeng , Feng Qingling , Schröder Heinz C. , Wang Xiaohong
Published: February 2017

Here we report the preparation and characterization of a novel biomimetic toothpaste containing morphogenetically active amorphous polyphosphate (polyP) microparticles enriched with retinyl acetate (“a-polyP/RA-MP”). The spherical microparticles (average size, 550±120 nm), prepared by co-precipitating sodium-polyP with calcium chloride and supplemented with retinyl acetate, were incorporated into a basis toothpaste at a final concentration of 1% or 10%. The paste containing “a-polyP/RA-MP” significantly increased the growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), compared to a commercial toothpaste which acts rather inhibitory and the paste without polyP and retinyl acetate. qRT-PCR experiments revealed that the retinoid causes an induction of the expression of the MSC marker genes for osteoblast differentiation encoding collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase. On the other hand, the polyP ingredient, supplied as Zn-polyP microparticles (“Zn-a-polyP-MP”) strongly inhibited the growth of the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. We demonstrate that the amorphous polyP-containing toothpaste, enriched with retinyl acetate, efficiently repairs both cracks/fissures and carious lesions in the tooth enamel, and reseals dentinal tubules, already after a 5 d treatment (brushing) of teeth twice daily for 5 min as examined by SEM and quantitative EDX analysis. The stability of the occlusion of dentin cracks even turned out to resist against short high power sonication treatment. Our results demonstrate that the novel toothpaste prepared here, containing amorphous polyP and retinyl acetate, is particularly suitable for prevention/repair of (cariogenic) damages of tooth enamel/dentin and for treatment of dental hypersensitivity.
Neutrosophic Modal Logic
Authors: Smarandache Florentin
Published: February 2017

I introduce now for the first time the neutrosophic modal logic. The Neutrosophic Modal Logic includes the neutrosophic operators that express the modalities. It is an extension of neutrosophic predicate logic, and of neutrosophic propositional logic. In order for the paper to be self-contained, I also recall the etymology and definition of neutrosophy and of neutrosophic logic. Several examples are presented as well.
Sistem Usahatani Integrasi Tanaman Pangan dengan Kerbau Lumpur (Bubalus bubalus) di Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: Prasetyo Prasetyo , Muryanto Muryanto
Published: February 2017

The upland agro ecosystem wet climate and lowland agro ecosystem succulence on riverside that occur Brebes Regency potential for sector food plant and livestock development. The destination of survey for knows farming contribution buffalo into food plant farming system in upland and lowland agro ecosystem. The study application with survey method used questioner. The central livestock each village sample collected on district all over buffalo population. The based result debriefing to respondent know farming that application farmer largely is rice’s, corns, onions and buffalos. The Brebes Regency having wide rice’s land is 63.266 Ha. The feed capacities rice waste to livestock is 1.064.38,87 tons digested dry matter/livestock unit. The capacities corns waste to livestock is 78.386,01 tons digested dry matter/livestock unit and the capacities onions waste to livestock is 43.551,51 tons digested dry matter/livestock unit. The conclusion of study that buffalo breeding application as side effort (land plow, save, married child, house repaired) so that traditional bred management. The main farm is rice plants, corns and onion. The value of R/C ratio output more than one, farmer application farming system still reasonable for effort. The farming on lowland agro ecosystem big contribution in onions farm is 75,78%. At upland agro ecosystem big contribution in buffalo farm is 57,78%.

 

Key words: integrated, food plants, buffalo, agroecosystem
Changing Patterns in Rates and Means of Suicide in California, 2005 to 2013
Authors: Matthay Ellicott C. , Galin Jessica , Ahern Jennifer
Published: February 2017

Objectives. To describe recent trends in suicide throughout California and to compare rates and methods of suicide (“means”) across demographic groups.

Methods. Data from statewide mortality records were used to estimate age-adjusted rates of suicide from 2005 to 2013, overall and by means, age, gender, race/ethnicity, urbanicity, and county.

Results. The suicide rate increased 12.6% between 2005 and 2013, from 11.2 to 12.6 per 100 000 population, but this overall trend masks substantial heterogeneity across subgroups. In particular, rapid increases were observed for individuals of multiple races/ethnicities. Means of suicide changed, trending away from firearms toward suffocation and drug poisoning.

Conclusions. High-risk groups and means of suicide are changing rapidly in California, so appropriate public health programming should prioritize population-based strategies.
TRANSAKSI LINDUNG NILAI (HEDGING) DALAM PRAKTIK PERBANKAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PEMBARUAN HUKUM KONTRAK NASIONAL
Authors: Abubakar Lastuti
Published: February 2017

Krisis ekonomi dan moneter disebabkan oleh depresiasi nilai tukar yang tajam, sehingga mengakibatkan pelaku usaha dan pemerintah mengalami kesulitan dalam membayar utang luar negeri. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya pendalaman pasar melalui mekanisme hedging (lindung nilai) sebagai upaya mitigasi risiko fluktuasi nilai tukar. Otoritas moneter telah menerbitkan serangkaian aturan tentang lindung nilai (hedging) guna memberikan rambu bagi perbankan  untuk memfasilitasi transaksi lindung nilai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat manfaat transaksi lindung nilai, mengkaji kedudukan transaksi lindung nilai dalam sistem hukum perjanjian Indonesia serta melihat implikasi dari transaksi lindung nilai ini terhadap pembaruan hukum kontrak nasional. Metode penelitan yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitis. Data dianalisa secara yuridis kualitatif. Transaksi lindung nilai (hedging) merupakan teknik untuk mengantisipasi kerugian yang timbul akibat fluktuasi nilai tukar. Transaksi lindung nilai merupakan perjanjian yang berkembang dalam praktik perbankan dan dapat digolongkan sebagai perjanjian tidak bernama yang tunduk pada ketentuan Buku III KUHPerdata. Perkembangan objke transaksi lindung nilai dan diberlakukannya hedgin syariah berimplikasi terhadap perlunya pembaruan hukum kontrak nasional. Kata Kunci : lindung nilai, transaksi perbankan, pembaruan hukum kontrak
Hasil Cetak Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik Sebagai Alat Bukti Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Media Daring
Authors: Hardinanto Aris
Published: February 2017

Perkembangan dan perubahan dunia menjadi sangat cepat sebagai akibat dari kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, terutama teknologi transportasi dan komunikasi telah membuat berbagai kemudahan terhadap mobilitas masyarakat. Arus perkembangan informasi antar negara tidak dapat lagi dikendalikan oleh pemerintah, sehingga peran dalam mengendalikan arus mobiltias penduduk melalui jejaring sosial. Pertumbuhan yang seperti ini mengakibatkan perubahan sosial di masyarakat seluruh dunia, lintas batas negara. Kejahatan jenis baru sebagai dampak negatif dari perkembangan teknologi informasi muncul seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi. Kejahatan menggunakan media teknologi informasi atau komputer dan internet disebut Computer Related Crime atau Cybercrime. Kedudukan alat bukti sebagai penegak hukum pidana materiil menjadi parameter hakim untuk memutus suatu perkara. Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik memberikan ruang terhadap hasil cetak alat bukti elektronik dalam cybercrime sebagai alat bukti yang sah. Hasil cetak alat bukti elektronik sah apabila alat bukti elektronik itu dapat dijamin keasliannya. Dengan demikian kedudukan alat bukti elektronik dalam cybercrime memiliki kriteria yang ketat dibanding alat bukti konvensional. Metode penelitian dalam jurnal ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach) serta pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) Kata kunci: alat bukti elektronik, cybercrime.
Implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 20/PUU-XIV/2016 Terhadap Informasi Elektronik Dan/Atau Dokumen Elektronik Dan/Atau Hasil Cetaknya Sebagai Alat Bukti Dalam Perkara Perdata
Authors: Sugiarto Enan
Published: February 2017

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Nomor 20/PUU-XIV/2016 bertolak belakang dengan Perjalanan panjang praktik hukum acara perdata di Indonesia yang selalu berusaha mengikuti perkembangan teknologi dan informasi sehingga hukum menjadi tidak ketinggalan jaman, dan juga berseberangan dengan semangat UU ITE yang telah memberikan perlindungan/kepastian hukum atas aktifitas manusia menggunakan sarana elektronik dan teknologi informasi yang semakin umum dilakukan. Putusan tersebut telah mereduksi ketentuan dalam UU ITE yang menyatakan bahwa Informasi Elektronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik dan/atau hasil cetaknya merupakan alat bukti hukum yang sah dan memperluas jenis alat bukti hukum yang selama ini dikenal dalam hukum acara yang berlaku. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yang telah memberikan penafsiran terhadap frasa Informasi Elekronik dan/atau Dokumen Elektronik dalam Pasal 5 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) menjadi tidak berlaku terhadap hukum acara perdata.
Studi Moratorium Sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Pengiriman TKI Berdasarkan UU No. 39 tahun 2004 di Madura
Authors: Rahayu Devi
Published: February 2017

Banyaknya kasus yang menimpa para TKI mendorong pemerintah Indonesia untuk melakukan kebijakan moratorium/penghentian pengiriman TKI. Pemberlakuan kebijakan moratorium pengiriman TKI ke beberapa negara diambil sebagai sebuah kebijakan yang diharapkan mampu memberikan perlindungan bagi TKI. Dalam ketentuan UU No 39 Tahun 2004 pasal 81 ayat (1) membenarkan kebijakan moratorium yang diambil oleh pemerintah. Kenyataannya pemberlakuan moratorium di beberapa negara ternyata semakin meningkatkan jumlah TKI ilegal dan menambah pengangguran di daerah kantong TKI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dasar pengaturan kebijakan moratorium baik secara teori maunpun aturan perundang-undangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif . Data yang  diperoleh meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer didapat dari studi dokumen. Sedangkan data sekunder didapat dengan menggunakan pendapat ahli hukum. Analisa data dilakukan dengan content analisis.Kata kunci : moratorium, perlindungan, pengiriman TKI
Urgensi Pencatatan Perkawinan (Perspektif Utilities)
Authors: Susanti Dyah Ochtorina
Published: February 2017

Pencatatan perkawinan merupakan kewajiban administratif berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang bertujuan untuk memberikan jaminan perlindungan, danuhan hak asasi manusia jika di kemudian hari timbul perbuatan hukum yang berimplikasi terjadinya akibat hukum sehingga dapat dibuktikan dengan bukti yang sempurna dengan suatu akta otentik sebagai suatu bentuk kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan dan menganalisa serta memberikan pemahaman mengenai pentingnya pencatatan perkawinan dalam hukum positif Indonesia.. Hasil dari penelitian yang menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan teori utilities (teori kemanfaatan) ini memberikan penjelasan bahwa pencatatan perkawinan dilakukan guna memberi kemanfaatan yang sebesar-besarnya demi terciptanya kebahagiaan bagi banyak orang. Kata Kunci : Pencatatan, Perkawinan, Teori Utilities.
RESÍDUOS COMPOSTADOS COMO SUBSTRATO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE PETUNIA X HYBRIDA
Authors: Zanello Cesar Augusto , Cardoso Jean Carlos
Published: February 2017

A transformação de resíduo em tecnologia deve ser uma prioridade atual no setor agrícola, diminuindo o descarte inadequado e recuperando parte daquilo que é produzido e que pode retornar como nutriente as plantas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo buscar uma solução viável de uso de resíduos vegetais como a poda de grama, o bagaço de cana e o esterco bovino como substrato para o cultivo de plantas. Os resíduos utilizados foram compostados, e utilizados como substratos para a produção de petúnia, uma espécie ornamental. Como controle foram utilizados substratos comerciais a base de pó de coco (PC) e de casca de pinus (CP). Após as mudas atingirem o ponto de transplantio, essas foram transplantadas para vasos plásticos com o mesmo substrato utilizado na produção da muda, mantendo os tratamentos. Os melhores substratos obtidos para o cultivo de petúnias em vasos foram o PG e CP, considerando ambos os aspectos dos desenvolvimentos vegetativo e reprodutivo. Esses resultados mostram o alto potencial de uso da poda de grama como substrato para a horticultura, sendo uma alternativa principalmente em sistemas sustentáveis de produção, por não necessitarem de fertilização complementar durante o cultivo.
NORWIDOWSKA KONCEPCJA ORYGINALNOŚCI LITERACKIEJ W ŚWIETLE DZIEJÓW POETYKI
Authors: Stanisz Marek
Published: February 2017

Norwid’s concept of Literary Originality in the Light of the History of Poetics The article presents Norwid’s concept of literary originality with reference to selected terms from the European theory of poetry. Norwid’s reflections about writing function predominantly within the confines of his philosophical concepts, which were mostly inspired by the philosophy of Plato and Christian thought and were related to his vision of God, the world, man, and artist. One can discover, however, a rich set of terms coming from traditional poetics in the works of the author of Quidam. Norwid’s thinking about originality is firmly rooted in tradition and links diverse inspirations and threads in a distinctive way. As such it shows telling paradoxes by containing unequivocal objection to imitating nature and exemplary works. At the same time, it underscores Norwid’s reliance on the old masters, advocates for the freedom and authenticity of artists, and highlights the role of the form in the creative process. While not dismissing the contradictory categories of ‘obscurity’ and fragmentariness, Norwid also pays attention to the value of artistic perfection. His concepts do not form a closed system of aesthetic views. Instead, they constitute an elastic catalogue of indications whose employment requires combined work of the imagination, intellect, and emotions as well as the alertness of one’s conscience and spiritual energy. Norwid believed that the primary duty of art was expressing the truth about the world.
„WYJRZAŁEM W ZA-ŚWIAT”. KILKA UWAG O TRADYCJI ROZMÓW ZMARŁYCH W TWÓRCZOŚCI CYPRIANA NORWIDA
Authors: Seweryn Agata
Published: February 2017

“Wyjrzałem w za-świat” [I Glanced into the Nether-world]. Some Remarks on the Tradition of the Conversations among the Dead in Cyprian Norwid’s Works The study focuses on the tradition of the conversations among the dead in Cyprian Norwid’s works, especially in the poem Vendôme. While noting Norwid’s transformations of classical and classicist conventions, the author points to the mannerist and baroque contexts, and on the other hand, to ekphrastic qualities of Norwid’s literary imagination.
WANDA CYPRIANA NORWIDA WOBEC TRADYCJI STAROPOLSKIEJ
Authors: Nurzyńska Agnieszka
Published: February 2017

Cyprian Norwid’s Wanda and the Old-Polish Tradition Norwid as a revolutionary and a visionary who reaches towards the roots of Polish literature and himself adds “only a few words” [“tylko parę słów”]? Such a vision of the poet, thinker, and dramatist emerges from the analysis of the mystery play Wanda; this text was once lost and the author edited it for the second time in 1851. The article focuses on three elements of the text that are crucial for its structure: the subtitle, the dedication, and the motto. The analysis of the subtitle “Rzecz w obrazach sześciu” [Object in six images] reveals a discursive composition of the text that is characteristic of Old-Polish dialogues. Reading of the original “Mogile Wandy” dedication while taking into account the contexts of Sęp-Szarzyński and Kochanowski makes apparent Norwid’s reflection on the mythical time and the sacrum time. The interpretation of the motto, which is taken from a seventeenth-century song by Wespazjan Kochowski, emphasizes spatial and at the same time deeply symbolic and political aspects of Norwid’s drama. The mystery play is supposed to furnish spiritual weapons for the people ‘of the North’ to fight the invaders who partitioned Poland. The cursed soil, thanks to the intercession of Wanda who is experiencing her compassio with Christ, will be reintegrated and will become a Blessed soil anew.
Entropy in Classical Thermodynamics: The Importance of Reversibility
Authors: Gianinetti Alberto
Published: February 2017

The concept of entropy is introduced within the context of classical
thermodynamics where it was first developed to answer the questions: What happens
when heat spontaneously goes from hot bodies to cold ones? To figure out this change,
the transfer process must have some peculiar features that make it reversible. First of
all, to be studied, systems and processes must be conceptualised as occurring at
equilibrium conditions, or in conditions close to equilibrium. A first description of
equilibrium is provided.
The Effect of Temperature
Authors: Gianinetti Alberto
Published: February 2017

Since the features of macroscopic processes derive from the microscopic
behaviour of the system’s constituent particles, it is shown that temperature, which
appears to us as a simple property of macroscopic bodies, is indeed a complex effect of
the movement of the body’s particles.
The Limits of the Spreading and Sharing Metaphor
Authors: Gianinetti Alberto
Published: February 2017

Some phenomena, though representing instances of entropy change, appear
to defy the description of entropy as a function of energy spreading and sharing.
Despite its great utility such a description is sometimes difficult to apply because a
function levelling down available energy not always exactly acts as a spreading and
sharing function. The concept of a physical function levelling down available energy is
therefore preferable to understand entropy and the second law of thermodynamics
because it has a more general value.
Effect of ethnobotanical medicinal plants on blood glucose in Diabetes mellitus
Authors: H. Rohankar P.
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of Bitter Gourd and fenugreek on Blood Glucose level.  Ethnobotany is an interdisciplinary field exploring the relationship between plants and people. The blood samples were collected from diabetes mellitus patients from different hospitals (OPD) and tested for Blood glucose by GOD- POD (glucose- oxidase- peroxidase) method in pathology laboratory and it was found that Bitter Gourd and fenugreek is to have significant impact on blood glucose in diabetes mellitus.Blood glucose found to be the decrease in Bitter gourd by 0.77% levelBlood glucose is found to be decrease by 0.80% in fenugreek
A phylogenetic study of floral morphology of some members of Asclepiadaceae R.Br
Authors: Sinha Sanjit , Mondal* Amal Kumar
Published: February 2017

Floral morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationship were studied in the family Asclepiadaceae. This family characterized by unique features that contributes to extreme floral complexity and diversity. In this paper, we used preliminary phylogenetic hypothesis for the family Asclepiadaceae to explore the mode of diversification in pollinarium and coronal structure. The occurance, size, shape, position, orientation of pollinia, mode of pollination and the presence of form of coralline corona and gynostegial corona were studied for similarity indices between two subfamilies Periplocoideae and Asclepiadoideae.
Ethnobotany and In vitro regeneration of Acorus calamus L. (Acoraceae): a high valued medicinal and economic plant
Authors: Sarma* Jintu , Sharma Pratibha
Published: February 2017

Acorus calamus L. is a species of enormous medicinal and economic importance. In vitro propagation of this plant was achieved using axillary bud explant. In the present investigation, naturally grown axillary bud and rhizome explants were cultured on standard MS and B5 medium supplemented with different concentration and combination of cytokinines and auxines. The best shoot proliferation was observed in MS medium containing Kn (1.0mg/l) +IBA (0.5mg/l) with 3.33±0.58 nos. of Shoots, 7.33±0.58 nos. of roots and 15.33±0.58 nos. leaves. In B5 medium best results found in Kn (1.5mg/) + NAA (1.0mg/l) with 2.67±0.58 nos. shoots, 3.67±0.58 nos. of roots and11.67±0.58 nos. of leaves. They were then transplanted in soil: sand: cow dung mixture (1:1:2) and kept in shade for 4 to 5 weeks and then transferred to field for one month. Survival rate was found 80 % in MS medium and 100 % in B5 medium. The present investigation was carried out with a view to standardize an in vitro culture technique for mass propagation of this important medicinal plant species and was found successful.
Patient, caregiver and clinician views on engagement in comparative effectiveness research
Authors: Forsythe Laura P , Frank Lori B , Workman Thomas A , Hilliard Tandrea , Harwell Daniel , Fayish Lauren
Published: February 2017

Aim:
Describe patient, caregiver and clinician views toward engagement as partners in health research.
Materials & methods:
Online surveys of patients and caregivers managing rare (n = 560 patients, n = 609 caregivers) or chronic conditions (n = 762 patients, n = 776 caregivers) and practicing clinicians (n = 638).
Results:
Over half of respondents were unfamiliar with the concept of partnering with researchers but most expressed interest in working in a research partnership. Potential facilitators endorsed were ensuring research is meaningful, applying results in an understandable way, and sharing results. Lack of time is a potential barrier. Clinicians were most interested in helping researchers decide on intervention comparisons and identifying implications for clinical practice.
Conclusion:
Patients, caregivers and clinicians are interested in research roles that emphasize usefulness and understandability of research.
EKSISTENSI PENERAPAN HUKUMAN MATI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nasuha R Ahmad Muhammad Mustain
Published: February 2017

This study aims the death penalty in Indonesia. We know where the death penalty is contrary or not in terms of the constitution and Islamic law, then we can conclude that if the legal implementation of the death penalty in Indonesia continue to be done or should be abolished. Based on research and the analysis conducted, conclude that Indonesia According to the Indonesian Constitution that the death penalty in Indonesia is constitutional. Constitutional Court Decision No. 2-3 / PUU-V / 2007 states that the imposition of the death penalty was constitutional. Any law governing capital punishment is not contrary to the Constitution of the State of Indonesia. However the legislation in Indonesia death penalty is still recognized in some legislation. There are three groups of rules, namely: Criminal Dead in the Criminal Code, Criminal die outside the Criminal Code, Criminal die in the Draft Bill. According to Islamic law that the death penalty could be applied to some criminal act or jinazah, either hudud qishahs, diyat or ta'zir among others to: Apostate, Rebel, Zina, Qadzaf (Allegations Zina), Steal (Corruption), Rob (Corruption), Murder.
PROBLEMA PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DI INDONESIA (Studi Pendampingan Majelis Hukum Dan HAM Pimpinan Wilayah ‘Aisyiyah Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Kasiyati Siti
Published: February 2017

Artikel ini mengurai masalah anak. Dimana anak merupakan faktor terpenting dalam proses maju mundurnya suatu Negara. Problem anak sangatlah kompleks, di antaranya; kekerasan, kesehatan, diskriminasi, anak berhadapan dengan hukum, eksploitasi, perdagangan anak, pekerjaan terburuk buat anak, anak korban konflik, subordinasi dan lain-lain.Upaya pendampingan dan advokasi menjadi cara penyelesaian masalah anak berhadapan hukum.
KONTRIBUSI HUKUM ISLAM DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA DI INDONESIA (Studi Pidana Cambuk di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam)
Authors: Hartanto Dwiyana Achmad
Published: February 2017

Pidana cambuk yang berlaku di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam ditetapkan melalui Qonun (peraturan setingkat Perda) merupakan jenis pidana baru di Indonesia, karena pidana tersebut menyelisihi KUHP. Pidana cambuk merupakan salah satu bentuk pidana badan (corporal punishment). Pidana cambuk perspektif pembaharuan hukum pidana merupakan bentuk alternatif pemidanaan, sebagai implementasi penggalian hukum yang hidup di masyarakat yang bersumber dari hukum Islam khususnya. Melihat efektifitas pemberlakuan pidana cambuk di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, dimungkinkan adanya pengaturan pidana cambuk sebagai bentuk pidana badan di Indonesia yang akan datang. Bentuk pidana ini dapat dimungkinkan sebagai salah satu pidana pokok atau minimal sebagai pidana pengganti. Dalam konteks hukum pidana, pidana cambuk merupakan sarana penal, yaitu bagian dari criminal policy, yang bertujuan untuk mewujudkan social welfare dan social defence. Dengan pemberlakuan pidana cambuk ini dapat dikatakan terdapat kontribusi hukum Islam dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif atau penelitian hukum doktrinal dengan menggunakan sumber data sekunder yang diperoleh dari hasil penelaahan kepustakaan. Spesifikasi penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif (dilihat dari sifat penelitian) dan penelitian preskriptif (dilihat dari bentuk penelitian), dengan analitis kualitatif normatif.Kata kunci : Hukum Islam, Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana, Pidana Cambuk.
ARGUMEN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA (KB) DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Rohim Sabrur
Published: February 2017

Indonesia adalah negara dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar nomor empat sedunia. Di sisi lain, negeri ini juga dikenal sebagai berpenduduk Muslim terbesar di dunia.Oleh karena itu, kehidupan agamis juga identik dengan Indonesia, baik di dalam pikiran, sikap, ataupun tindakan (praksis). Salah satu contoh nyata dalam praksis misalnya, saban tahun Jemaah haji Indonesia adalah yang terbesar jumlahnya secara internasional. Dalam hal diskursus, setiap ragam persoalan nasional sedikit banyak mengait, menghubung, secara langsung atau tidak langsung, dengan agama. Satu contoh kasus dalam hal ini adalah program KB (Keluarga Berencana). Dalam sejarahnya sejak dicanangkan pada 1970-an,kaum Muslim secara umum menentangnya, karena sekilas dianggap bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai agamayang suci dan ilahiah. Ironisnya, arus penolakan berbasis agama itu selepas runtuhnya Orde Baru, seperti mendapatkan momentum, karena memperoleh tambahan amunisi besar berupa argumen “HAM”. Padahal, jika kita menilik ke sejumlah teks atau nash, baik di al-Qur’an maupun hadis, misalnya, ternyata tidaksedikit dalil yang mendukung, baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung, terhadap program KB, yang, celakanya, banyak luput dari pencermatan kaum Muslim pro-natalitas. Sedangkan dari aspek nalar kenegaraan,misalnya, hak asasi dalam soal reproduksi akan berhadapan dengan kepentingan dan kewajiban dalam hal penyediaan sarana dan pra-sarana untuk mensejahterakan seluruh rakyat yang menjadi tugas pemerintah (negara) untuk mewujudkannya. Dalam politik kependudukan suatu negara, diasumsikan bahwajika terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara beban dan kemampuan, maka secara perlahan tetapi pasti negara akan menuju pusaran permasalahan sosial yang kompleks, sehingga kesejahteraan bersama yang diharapkan akan sulit terwujud. Padahal, tujuan terbentuk dan terselenggaranya suatu negara, yang dalam unit terkecilnya adalah keluarga, tidak lain dan tak bukan adalah terwujudnya kesejahteraan manusia, atau dalam bahasa syariahnya ada kemaslahatan (al-mashlahah). Prinsip ini sejalan dengan kaidah bahwa “tasharruf al-imam manuthun bil-mashlahah”, kebijakan pemimpin untuk rakyatnya harus berdasar pada kemaslahatan. Tulisan ini berusaha memberi suatu “pencerahan wawasan”, bahwa dalam konteks nation-state seperti sekarang, penolakan terhadap program KB (baca: kontrol atas populasi) dengan dalih HAM, misalnya, adalah suatu sikap atau cara pandang yang kurang relevans dan lemah secara argumentatif, baik dari sisi doktrin maupun logika.
Laboremus! 3. deo: Putevi
Authors: Ignjatovic Mile
Published: February 2017

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Local Sphingosine Kinase 1 Activity Improves Islet Transplantation
Authors: Rojas-Canales Darling , Penko Daniella , Myo Min Kay K. , Parham Kate A. , Peiris Heshan , Haberberger Rainer V. , Pitson Stuart M. , Drogemuller Chris , Keating Damien J. , Grey Shane T. , Coates Patrick T. , Bonder Claudine S. , Jessup Claire F.
Published: February 2017

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising clinical treatment for type 1 diabetes, but success is limited by extensive β-cell death in the immediate posttransplant period and impaired islet function in the longer term. Following transplantation, appropriate vascular remodeling is crucial to ensure the survival and function of engrafted islets. The sphingosine kinase (SK) pathway is an important regulator of vascular beds, but its role in the survival and function of transplanted islets is unknown. We observed that donor islets from mice deficient in SK1 (Sphk1 knockout) contain a reduced number of resident intraislet vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the main product of SK1, sphingosine-1-phosphate, controls the migration of intraislet endothelial cells in vitro. We reveal in vivo that Sphk1 knockout islets have an impaired ability to cure diabetes compared with wild-type controls. Thus, SK1-deficient islets not only contain fewer resident vascular cells that participate in revascularization, but likely also a reduced ability to recruit new vessels into the transplanted islet. Together, our data suggest that SK1 is important for islet revascularization following transplantation and represents a novel clinical target for improving transplant outcomes.
Hypothalamic and Striatal Insulin Action Suppresses Endogenous Glucose Production and May Stimulate Glucose Uptake During Hyperinsulinemia in Lean but Not in Overweight Men
Authors: Heni Martin , Wagner Robert , Kullmann Stephanie , Gancheva Sofiya , Roden Michael , Peter Andreas , Stefan Norbert , Preissl Hubert , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Fritsche Andreas
Published: February 2017

Intranasal spray application facilitates insulin delivery to the human brain. Although brain insulin modulates peripheral metabolism, the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Twenty-one men underwent two hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with d-[6,6-2H2]glucose infusion to measure endogenous glucose production and glucose disappearance. On two separate days, participants received intranasal insulin or placebo. Insulin spillover into circulation after intranasal insulin application was mimicked by an intravenous insulin bolus on placebo day. On a different day, brain insulin sensitivity was assessed by functional MRI. Glucose infusion rates (GIRs) had to be increased more after nasal insulin than after placebo to maintain euglycemia in lean but not in overweight people. The increase in GIRs was associated with regional brain insulin action in hypothalamus and striatum. Suppression of endogenous glucose production by circulating insulin was more pronounced after administration of nasal insulin than after placebo. Furthermore, glucose uptake into tissue tended to be higher after nasal insulin application. No such effects were detected in overweight participants. By increasing insulin-mediated suppression of endogenous glucose production and stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, brain insulin may improve glucose metabolism during systemic hyperinsulinemia. Obese people appear to lack these mechanisms. Therefore, brain insulin resistance in obesity may have unfavorable consequences for whole-body glucose homeostasis.
Understanding the STEM Path through High School and into University Programs
Authors: Dooley Martin , Payne Abigail , Steffler Mitchell , Wagner Jessica
Published: February 2017

We use two administrative data sets to examine the correlates of (a) taking the high school courses needed for university science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs and (b) applying to and registering in such programs. Staying on the STEM path during high school depends most importantly on math and science grades at each level. Factors such as gender, immigration status, and average neighbourhood income play relatively smaller roles. These two sets of factors play similar roles in the transition to university STEM programs. These results raise challenging questions of what lies behind the differences in critical factors among high school students.
Safety Effects of Horizontal Curve Design on Motorcycle Crash Frequency on Rural, Two-Lane, Undivided Highways in Florida
Authors: Xin Chunfu , Wang Zhenyu , Lin Pei-Sung , Lee Chanyoung , Guo Rui
Published: February 2017

The association between horizontal curve design (e.g., radius and type) on rural, two-lane, undivided highways and motorcycle crash frequency is not well documented in existing reports and publications. This study aimed to investigate the effects of design parameters and associated factors on the occurrence of motorcycle crashes with consideration of the issue of unobserved heterogeneity. A random-parameters negative binomial regression model was developed on the basis of data on 431 motorcycle crashes, which were collected on 2,179 horizontal curves along two-lane, undivided highways in Florida for 11 years (2005 to 2015). Four normally distributed random parameters (i.e., logarithm of curve radius, reverse curves, pavement condition, and rough pavement indicator) were identified to represent their heterogeneity caused by unobserved factors over time, space, individuals, or some combination thereof. The major conclusions are the following: ( a) an increase in curve radius, on average, significantly and near-logarithmically reduced motorcycle crash frequency on rural, two-lane, undivided highways (this effect was more significant when the curve radius was less than 2,000 ft); ( b) 74.8% of reverse curves tended to reduce motorcycle crash frequency on rural, two-lane, undivided highways (for the remaining 25.2%, the effect had an opposite effect; on average, the likelihood of motorcycle crashes on reverse curves decreased by 39%); ( c) the crash modification function (CMF) for curve radius on rural, two-lane, undivided highways was established, given the radius of 5,000 ft as the baseline, as a power formula, CMF = (radius/5,000)-0.208.
Investigating Total Annual Average Daily Traffic as a Surrogate for Motorcycle Volumes in Estimating Safety Performance Functions for Motorcycle Crashes
Authors: Lyon Craig , Persaud Bhagwant , Himes Scott
Published: February 2017

Data on traffic volumes are required to estimate the safety performance functions (SPFs) used to develop crash modification factors and for various safety management applications. Estimation of SPFs for motorcycle crashes can be especially challenging because few jurisdictions collect motorcycle traffic volume data systematically. To address this challenge, analyses with data from Florida, Pennsylvania, and Virginia were conducted to explore how much predictive power for an SPF was lost when motorcycle traffic volumes were not known. The results of the analyses showed that when motorcycle volumes were unknown, the use of total annual average daily traffic on its own was sufficient to develop motorcycle crash SPFs. The potential bias from missing motorcycle-specific annual average daily traffic was sufficiently negligible where it existed, not to preclude SPF development. A more significant issue in the development of motorcycle crash SPFs is to work with a crash type that is relatively rare, so that SPFs cannot be developed for all motorcycle crash types or site types.
n-Hexane Isomerisation: Exploit Hydrogen Spillover to Reduce Catalyst Costs
Authors: Shinde Yogesh D. , Chakraborty Mousumi , Parikh Parimal A.
Published: February 2017

We report the role of hydrogen spillover in n-hexane isomerisation over carbon nanotubes or SiC mixed with hierarchical zeolite beta. Here we infer that: (1) hydrogen spillover is a necessary step; (2) spilled-over H hydrogenates isomerised olefin at Brønsted acid sites only; and (3) closeness between acid and metal sites at the nanoscale enhances the rate of reaction, though this is not a requirement for this reaction to proceed. The economic advantage of the spillover phenomenon (necessitating less Pt on the catalyst) has been highlighted.
Density Functional Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of Alcoholysis of Acylpalladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Chegini Hamed , Morsali Ali , Bozorgmehr Mohammad Reza , Beyramabadi S. Ali
Published: February 2017

The mechanism of alcoholysis of acylpalladium(II) complexes relevant to the alternating copolymerisation of ethene and carbon monoxide has been investigated theoretically in detail. The solvolysis of acylpalladium(II) complexes is an important step in palladium-catalysed reactions. Based on experimental studies, two mechanisms have been proposed for this process, which consist of a concerted reductive elimination and an insertion mechanism (reductive elimination via a Meisenheimer intermediate). Both mechanisms include deprotonating of an acylpalladium(II) complex and according to our calculations, any mechanism involving this step, has an energy barrier higher than that of the rate-determining step. We propose a new mechanism for the insertion in which proton transfer to Pd is simultaneous with an inner-sphere attack of the alkoxide ligand (OCH3) at the carbon atom of the palladium-bound carbonyl group (new Meisenheimer intermediate). Considering solvent effects, the activation energies of the two mechanisms and other contingent mechanisms were calculated and compared with each other and the experimental results.
Le bouclier d’Achille et la tradition indo-européenne
Authors: Allen Nicholas Justin
Published: February 2017

Dans quelle mesure les scènes représentées sur le bouclier d’Achille forment-elles une structure cohérente qui reflète les modèles de pensée archaïques en indoeuropéen ? Dumézil pensait que cette idéologie comportait trois compartiments principaux («fonctions » ) : F1, relative à la sagesse et au sacré ; F2, à la force physique et à la guerre ; F3, à la fécondité et la richesse ; mais de nombreux contextes demandent que nous reconnaissions également en bas de la hiérarchie F4 -et au sommet F4 +, représentant respectivement l’altérité valorisée soit négativement soit positivement. Le bouclier d’Achille est organisé comme suit : autour d’une bosse centrale, des bandes concentriques, et une bordure. Yoshida relia en 1964 les bandes aux fonctions classiques (en gros, ville en paix F1, ville en guerre F2, agriculture F3). Le firmament au centre et l’océan au bord reflètent sans doute respectivement F4 + et F4 -. Les scènes agricoles montrent le labour, la récolte de céréales, la récolte de raisin, l’élevage du gros bétail et des moutons, les deux formes de l’élevage reflétant une distinction entre les animaux domestiques indoeuropéens grands et petits. Cette distinction est située par Watkins au sein d’une taxinomie indo-européenne de la richesse qui comprend également «céréales et vigne » , et les métaux. Ainsi, la partie F3 du bouclier correspond en grande partie à la taxinomie de Watkins (les métaux étant utilisés dans la fabrication du bouclier). Mais elle peut aussi être analysée fonctionnellement : labour F4 + ; récolte de céréales avec sacrifice F1 ; vendange F2 ; scènes de bétail symétriques F3 ; métaux (inanimé) F4 -. Si c’est bien le cas, l’idéologie pentadique se reflète à la fois dans le bouclier dans son ensemble et à l’intérieur de chacun de ses éléments constitutifs.
L’arc, la lyre et le laurier d’Apollon : de l’attribut emblématique à l’objet théâtral
Authors: Noel Anne-Sophie
Published: February 2017

L’arc, la lyre et le rameau de laurier sont des objets emblématiques associés à Apollon. Dans l’iconographie vasculaire, le choix d’un ou de plusieurs de ces attributs permet au peintre de rendre le dieu reconnaissable au premier coup d’oeil. Au théâtre, ces attributs assument la même fonction d’identifiants visuels ; leur usage est cependant moins figé que dans la peinture, dans la mesure où les dramaturges disposent des ressources de la parole pour faire reconnaître un personnage. Quand ils mettent en scène Apollon, Eschyle, Sophocle et Euripide peuvent choisir de lui adjoindre ces attributs ou non. S’ils y ont recours, par les manipulations verbales et physiques auxquelles ils les soumettent, ils déplacent, déjouent ou enrichissent leur signification symbolique première. C’est alors l’identité d’Apollon toute entière qui se trouve redéfinie par le biais de ses emblèmes, comme nous le verrons dans l’étude comparative des Euménides d’Eschyle, de Niobé de Sophocle, puis d’Alceste, Ion et Oreste d’Euripide.
I due volti di Elena. Sopravvivenze della tradizione orale nell’Odissea
Authors: Scafoglio Giampiero
Published: February 2017

I discorsi rivolti da Elena e Menelao a Telemaco nel libro IV dell’Odissea delineano due differenti versioni sul comportamento di Elena nei confronti degli Achei e dei Troiani al tempo della conquista di Troia : entrambe le versioni risalgono alla tradizione orale preomerica, che era anche attestata nei poemi del ciclo epico (come si apprende dai riassunti di Proclo). L’episodio omerico può essere interpretato quindi come una ‘ rassegna’ o una ‘ revisione’ delle preesistenti varianti della leggenda.
La memoria e il tempo nella testimonianza di Simonide (fr. 645 P.; fr. adesp. 947 P.)
Authors: Brillante Carlo
Published: February 2017

Il saggio esamina due passi della Fisica di Aristotele e il relativo commento di Simplicio, nei quali è messa a confronto la riflessione sul tempo espressa da Simonide e dai pitagorici. I due giudizi presuppongono orientamenti assai diversi sul valore della memoria e quindi sulla funzione svolta dal tempo in rapporto al raggiungimento della conoscenza. Tale forte divergenza è all’origine di un episodio che, secondo la tradizione biografica, ebbe luogo a Olimpia, probabilmente in occasione dello svolgimento dei giochi. Il frammento di Simonide (fr. 645 P.) è quindi messo a confronto con un frammento lirico adespoto (947 P.), che quasi certamente è da attribuire a Simonide. L’opera della Musa che «non gusta solo il presente ma procede mietendo ogni cosa » mostra differenze rilevanti non soltanto in rapporto al modello pitagorico ma anche a quello omerico e mette bene in evidenza l’importanza del tempo nella nuova poetica simonidea.
Sur la formule ἐϛ πατρίδα γαῖαν dans l’Odyssée : pour une poétique du νόστος
Authors: Briand Michel
Published: February 2017

About the Odyssean Formula ἐϛ πατρίδα γαῖαν : The Poetics of νόστος.

This article examines a system which plays a significant role in the structure of the

Odyssey : formulas in ἐν πατρίδι γαίῃ (or other datives, 10 times), πατρίδος αἴης

(14 times) and πατρίδα γαῖαν (or other accusatives, object or destination, 62 times), with various transformational and compositional plays and devices of loops and chains, as meaningful on the thematic or narrative level as for the formal cohesion of the epos, always in tension. Along the three movements of Ulysses’ homecoming (songs I-V, VI-XII, XIII-XXIV ), a refined poetics of formular and ring-composition manifests itself in the description of the actions, interactions, and statements of characters, especially Athena, Telemachus, Penelope and of course Ulysses, and in the speech circuit which developps between them and with the general narrator. These typical formulas both concerns the Odyssey’s main theme and show and express its fundamental dynamics.