bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental management of the green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) supply chain: a carbon footprint assessment in Southern Italy
Authors: Rana Roberto Leonardo , Bux Christian , Lombardi Mariarosaria
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The objective of the research is to evaluate the carbon footprint of the green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) supply chain, encompassing the agricultural production to the packaging stage in Italy, as it is the sixth largest producer and the second largest in Europe. It provides an assessment in the province of Foggia and highlights the global perspective of the carbon footprint application in agro-food systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The carbon footprint (ISO 14067:2018) considers 1 t of packaged fresh asparagus as a functional unit in the agricultural production and packaging stage and is based on primary data collected in one of the leading companies of asparagus production in the province of Foggia, which markets about 0.21 kt of asparagus per year produced in about 31 ha. Data were integrated with face-to-face in-depth interviews and pre-filled checklists.

Findings

Findings show that the carbon footprint of 1 t of packaged fresh asparagus is equivalent to 335.31 kgCO2eq, of which 61% in the agricultural stage and 39% in the packaging one. The majority of the emissions are associated with the fertigation and the diesel consumption for the transportation of workers. Farmers should adopt green electricity so as to reduce the emissions associated with the electric pump for the extraction of water from artesian wells. Moreover, it would be desirable to replace mineral urea phosphate with organic fertilizers.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, scholars have not yet investigated the environmental impacts of the green asparagus supply chain, even if it represents one of the most cultivated vegetables worldwide, with a global production that amounts to 8.5 Mt per year.
The valuation demand for accounting conservatism: evidence from firm-level climate risk measures
Authors: Li Su , van Zijl Tony , Willett Roger
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Prior studies have found that managers adjust operational activities to tackle climate risk. However, the effects of climate risk on accounting practices are largely ignored in the literature. This paper investigates whether and how climate risk influences managers’ decision-making on the level of accounting conservatism and explains the results based on two competing channels: valuation demand and contracting demand.

Design/methodology/approach

Using firm level climate risk measures, we build a modified Basu (1997) model to conduct our econometric tests. In the baseline model, we use earnings before extraordinary items as the dependent variable, referred to as the earnings model. We control for different levels of fixed effect to identify the shocks of climate risk and mitigate potential concerns on endogeneity and bias in the model. A series of robustness tests provide supporting evidence for our baseline results and our explanation.

Findings

Using a sample of 35,832 firm-year observations on listed US firms over the period 2002 to 2019, we find that the perception of climate risk drives managers to choose the less conservative accounting policies. We conclude that the results are consistent with the valuation demand explanation but inconsistent with the contracting demand explanation.

Originality/value

The study provides additional evidence on how managers respond to climate risk by adjusting their corporate polices, specifically accounting policies. Our findings contradict the results of prior studies. We explain our results from a unique perspective. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for academics, investors, managers and policymakers.
Learning with and from each other: creating safe spaces in a professional community for school leadership development
Authors: Klar Hans W. , Paufler Noelle A. , Carter Angela D.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

School leaders can significantly influence the conditions that affect teacher retention. Yet, leaders in rural and high-poverty schools often face limited opportunities to develop their abilities to enhance these conditions. In this case study, we examine how participating in a professional community supported school leaders' efforts to increase teacher retention and student learning outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

We used case study methodology to study 14 leaders from rural, high-poverty or underperforming schools with greater-than-average levels of teacher turnover. The leaders were participating in a three-year research-practice partnership intended to assist them in using improvement science to address problems of practice related to teacher retention and student learning outcomes in their schools. We collected and analyzed data from interviews, exit surveys, artifacts and participant observations over a one-year period.

Findings

Participating in this professional community helped the leaders create the conditions for increased teacher retention and student learning outcomes by providing them with opportunities to collaborate with their peers, receive leadership coaching, exchange ideas and learn in a safe space.

Originality/value

These findings confirm and extend extant school leadership development research. A particularly interesting finding was the role of the professional community in reducing the leaders' feelings of isolation while providing them a safe space to learn. The findings also illustrate how universities and school districts can partner to provide professional learning opportunities that enhance school leaders' professional knowledge, leadership practices and well-being.
How teachers enhance ICT integration practices within professional learning communities: a qualitative study in Tanzania
Authors: Ngao Ayubu Ismail , Sang Guoyuan
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Despite the positive impact of professional learning communities (PLCs) in improving teaching practices, many teachers still struggle to effectively integrate information and communication technologies (ICTs) into their teaching and learning. Drawing from human capital theory and spillover effects, this paper examines how teachers PLCs can facilitate ICT integration.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a qualitative methodology, the researchers designed a phenomenological study. From semi-structured interviews, data were collected from 15 selected secondary school teachers from four selected secondary schools in Tanzania.

Findings

The study revealed that teachers use various strategies to enhance ICT integration in teaching practices, namely, community collaboration, practice-based approaches to ICT integration and the utilization of digital learning tools in instructional practices. Furthermore, the results showed several constraints on the ability of teachers’ PLCs to encourage ICT integration. These constraints were divided into three parts, i.e. major challenges at the macro, meso and micro levels.

Practical implications

The paper has the potential to inform policy and practice, particularly in the area of PLCs. Also, it helps to better understand the changing practices with ICTs through PLCs when there are insufficient resources for ICT integration.

Originality/value

To support teachers in using ICTs in their instructional practices, it is essential to build their capacities through PLCs to increase their confidence and competence in ICT integration.
Financial citizenship and FinTech transition: evidences in Iran
Authors: Ghazinoory Sepehr , Pahlavanian Mercedeh , Shirkhodaie Meysam
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Financial technologies or FinTech have replaced traditional financial services. Large investments have been made in FinTechs but there is a gap between service providers and consumers. Due to the high diversity and speed of changes, people still do not understand the new financial system and resist it. The success of the transition requires providing an opportunity for citizens' participation which is expressed with the term, financial citizenship. This study aims to focus on the citizenship dimension of FinTech transition and wants to analyze the influence of citizens in transition with a focus on financial technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyzed financial citizenship in FinTech transition by using a qualitative research method and grounded theory. The data were collected through open interviews with 26 FinTech players in Iran. Then the three-step process of open, axial and selective coding was performed and the main categories and relationships between them were identified.

Findings

Surveys have shown that educating and informing citizens provides the conditions for engagement and the formation of financial citizenship. Depending on citizens' level of awareness, they can play a role in the FinTech transition as customers, feedback providers or demanders. Of course, the disruption level of financial technological innovation affects the level of citizens' engagement. Finally, the conceptual model of financial citizenship provided and the effect of citizen participation on the FinTech transition has been analyzed.

Originality/value

This study is based on the belief that it is the citizens’ right to have a role in matters that directly affect their well-being. This role is not only the role of the customer and the user but goes beyond and becomes a role where citizens as players would be able to influence the technological transition like other interested players (policymakers and service providers). This research integrates the transition literature and financial citizenship; and analyzes the FinTech transition according to the position of citizens against FinTech developments.
Risk transmission and diversification strategies between US real estate investment trusts (REITs) and green finance indices
Authors: Zeng Hongjun
Published: September 2024

Purpose

We examined the dynamic volatility connectedness and diversification strategies among US real estate investment trusts (REITs) and green finance indices.

Design/methodology/approach

The DCC-GARCH dynamic connectedness framework and he DCC-GARCH t-copula model were employed in this study.

Findings

Using daily data from 2,206 observations spanning from 2 January 2015 to 31 January 2023 this paper presents the following findings: (1) cross-market spillovers exhibited a high correlation and significant fluctuations, particularly during extreme events; (2) our analysis confirmed that REIT acted as net receivers from other green indices, with the S&P North America Large-MidCap Carbon Efficient Index dominating the in-network volatility spillover; (3) this observation suggests asymmetric spillovers between the two markets and (4) a portfolio analysis was conducted using the DCC-GARCH t-copula framework to estimate hedging ratios and portfolio weights for these indices. When REIT and the Dow Jones US Select ESG REIT Index were simultaneously added to a risk-hedged portfolio, our findings indicated that no risk-hedging effect could be achieved. Moreover, the cost and performance of hedging green assets using REIT were found to be comparable.

Originality/value

We first examined the dynamic volatility connectedness and diversification strategies among US REITs and green finance indices. The outcomes of this study carry practical implications for market participants.
Bacterioruberin extract from Haloarchaea Haloferax marinum: Component identification, antioxidant activity and anti‐atrophy effect in LPS‐treated C2C12 myotubes
Authors: Lee Hyeju , Cho Eui‐Sang , Hwang Chi Young , Cao Lei , Kim Mi‐Bo , Lee Sang Gil , Seo Myung‐Ji
Published: September 2024

Carotenoids are natural pigments utilized as colourants and antioxidants across food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. They exist in carbon chain lengths of C30, C40, C45 and C50, with C40 variants being the most common. Bacterioruberin (BR) and its derivatives are part of the less common C50 carotenoid group, synthesized primarily by halophilic archaea. This study analysed the compositional characteristics of BR extract (BRE) isolated from ‘Haloferax marinum’ MBLA0078, a halophilic archaeon isolated from seawater near Yeoungheungdo Island in the Republic of Korea, and investigated its antioxidant activity and protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced C2C12 myotube atrophy. The main components of BRE included all‐trans‐BR, monoanhydrobacterioruberin, 2‐isopentenyl‐3,4‐dehydrorhodopin and all‐trans‐bisanhydrobacterioruberin. BRE exhibited higher antioxidant activity and DNA nicking protection activity than other well‐known C40 carotenoids, such as β‐carotene, lycopene and astaxanthin. In C2C12 myotubes, LPS treatment led to a reduction in myotube diameter and number, as well as the hypertranscription of the muscle‐specific ubiquitin ligase MAFbx and MuRF1. BRE mitigated these changes by activating the Akt/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, BRE abolished the elevated cellular reactive oxygen species levels and the inflammation response induced by LPS. This study demonstrated that ‘Hfx. marinum’ is an excellent source of natural microbial C50 carotenoids with strong antioxidant capacity and may offer potential protective effects against muscle atrophy.
Control issues: How providing input affects auditors' reliance on artificial intelligence
Authors: Commerford Benjamin P. , Eilifsen Aasmund , Hatfield Richard C. , Holmstrom Kathryn M. , Kinserdal Finn
Published: September 2024

In this study, we examine auditors' reliance on artificial intelligence (AI) systems that are designed to provide evidence around complex estimates. In an experiment with highly experienced auditors, we find that auditors are more hesitant to rely on evidence from AI‐based systems compared to human specialists, consistent with algorithm aversion. Importantly, we also find that a small amount of control (i.e., providing input to specialists) can mitigate this aversion, though this effect depends on auditors' personal locus of control (LOC). Providing input increases reliance on evidence from AI systems for auditors who believe they have little control over their outcomes (i.e., an external LOC). In contrast, auditors with an internal LOC are particularly hesitant to rely on AI‐based evidence, and providing input has little impact on their reliance. Interviews with experienced auditors corroborate our findings and suggest auditors feel a greater sense of control working with human specialists relative to AI‐based systems. Overall, our results suggest perceived control plays an important role in auditors' aversion to AI and that auditors' individual traits can affect this aversion.
Gender bias in assessing narcissistic personality: Exploring the utility of the ICD‐11 dimensional model
Authors: Green A. , Day N. J. S. , Hart C. M. , Grenyer B. F. S. , Bach B.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Narcissistic personality disorder as captured in categorical diagnostic systems (e.g., DSM‐5) emphasizes grandiose features more associated with masculine norms and under‐emphasizes vulnerable features more associated with femininity. This poses significant implications in diagnostic outcome and clinical treatment in women with narcissistic preoccupations. Research finds that clinicians using the DSM‐5 categorical system tend to diagnose vulnerable narcissism in women as other ‘feminized’ personality disorders (e.g., borderline), but no research has explored gender differences in narcissism using the new ICD‐11 dimensional framework for personality disorders. This study investigated the clinical utility of the ICD‐11 approach in capturing gender differences in narcissistic presentations.

Methods

Adopting an online vignette‐based study, mental health clinicians (N = 157; 71.3% female) completed ratings of ICD‐11 personality disorder severity and trait domains for two cases reflecting ‘grandiose’ and ‘vulnerable’ narcissism in hypothetical male or female patients.

Results

The results showed that ratings of core impairments in personality functioning and overall severity were consistent irrespective of patient or clinician gender, contrasting prior research using categorical models.

Conclusion

While some differences were observed in trait domain (e.g., negative affectivity) between patient gender, these results suggest the clinical utility of the ICD‐11 model as emphasizing elements of personality functioning in the process of assessment and diagnosis, therefore potentially being less susceptible to influences of gender stereotype in aiding clinical conceptualization.
Children's agency within digital play and learning: Exploring the impact of shared play experiences on parent–child negotiations
Authors: Murcia Karen , Cross Emma , Seitz Julia , Lowe Geoffrey
Published: September 2024

Children actively participate in socially constructing their digitised childhoods. However, parents often struggle to understand and manage the relationship between children and digital technology, especially with reference to children's agency and creativity with digital devices. This paper reports on the impact on parent–child negotiations of a 10‐week programme of digital technology experiences whereby parents actively co‐played with their children. Interviews revealed a gradual transformation in parent beliefs, from anxiety to appreciation of negotiated agency and creative digital practice. From this finding, three guiding principles for parents are offered based around the concepts of attention, interest and interaction.
Relato Familiar da Motricidade Grossa: Refinamento e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas
Authors: Magalhães Elton D. D. , Rosenbaum Peter , Wright Marilyn , Wright F. Virginia , Pritchard Lesley , Ayupe Kennea M. A. , de de Campos Ana Carolina , Morais Rosane S. , Leite Hércules R. , Chagas Paula S. C.
Published: September 2024

Objetivo

Refinar o Relato Familiar da Motricidade Grossa (GM‐FR) utilizando a contribuição dos pais e avaliar as suas propriedades psicométricas.

Método

Neste estudo metodológico, 12 pais de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC), com idade entre 2 e 18 anos, classificados em todos os níveis do Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS), foram entrevistados sobre sua experiência na conclusão do GM‐FR (validade de conteúdo). O feedback dos pais foi usado para refinar o instrumento que foi então preenchida por 146 famílias para avaliar a consistência interna, e a validade discriminativa e concorrente. 46 pais completaram o GM‐FR novamente, 7 a 30 dias depois, para avaliar a confiabilidade teste‐reteste.

Resultados

A pontuação do GM‐FR, as imagens, as descrições e o número total de itens foram revisados com base no feedback dos pais. O GM‐FR versão 2.0 demonstrou alta consistência interna (α de Cronbach = 0,99), ausência de efeitos piso/teto e excelente confiabilidade teste‐reteste (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse = 0,99). Os escores do GM‐FR discriminaram entre os níveis do GMFCS (p < 0,05) e foram fortemente correlacionados negativamente com o nível do GMFCS (r = −0,92; p < 0,001). Os escores do GM‐FR correlacionaram‐se de forma positiva e forte com o Gross Motor Function Measure‐66 (r = 0,94; p < 0,001) e com o domínio de mobilidade do Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory – Computer Adaptive Test (r = 0,93; p < 0,001).

Interpretação

A participação ativa das famílias no desenvolvimento do GM‐FR facilitou a criação de um instrumento amigável à família. Este estudo fornece fortes evidências de confiabilidade e validade para apoiar o uso do GM‐FR na prática clínica e em pesquisas para avaliar o desempenho motor grosso de crianças e adolescentes com PC.
Choice of Frontline Tyrosine‐Kinase Inhibitor and Early Events in Very Elderly Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase: A “Campus CML” Study
Authors: Bucelli C. , Capodanno I. , Miggiano M. C. , Cavazzini F. , Crescenzi S. Leonetti , Russo S. , Carmosino I. , Annunziata M. , Sorà F. , Bonifacio M. , Luciano L. , Caocci G. , Loglisci G. , Elena C. , Lunghi F. , Mullai R. , Attolico I. , Binotto G. , Crisà E. , Sportoletti P. , Di Veroli A. , Scortechini A. R. , Leporace A. P. , Maggi A. , Crugnola M. , Stagno F. , Sancetta R. , Murgano P. , Rapezzi D. , Luzi D. , Vincelli D. I. , Galimberti S. , Bocchia M. , Fava C. , Malato A. , Abruzzese E. , Saglio G. , Specchia G. , Breccia M. , Iurlo A. , Tiribelli M. , Latagliata R.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The study aimed to evaluate the utilization of frontline TKI therapy in a large cohort of elderly CP‐CML patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 332 CP‐CML patients aged 75 years or older among 1929 diagnosed from January 2012 to December 2019 followed at 36 participating Hematology Centers involved in the “Campus CML” project.

Results

Among the patients analyzed, 85.8% received imatinib (IM) while 14.2% received second‐generation TKIs (2G‐TKI), 59.5% dasatinib, and 40.5% nilotinib. Most patients initiated IM at standard dose (67.3%) while 32.7% at reduced dose. A similar trend was observed with 2G‐TKIs. The cumulative incidence of permanent TKI discontinuation at 12 months was 28.4%, primarily due to primary resistance (10.1%) and extra‐hematologic toxicity (9.5%), with no significant difference between IM and 2G‐TKI groups. Following the introduction of generic IM in Italy in 2018, IM usage increased significantly compared with 2G‐TKIs.

Conclusions

IM was in our Centers the preferred frontline therapy for older CP‐CML patients, with increasing utilization after the introduction of generic formulations. However, 2G‐TKIs are still used in a substantial proportion of patients, suggesting individualized physician assessments regarding patient suitability and expectations. Further investigation is needed to assess efficacy and safety of reduced TKI doses in this patient population.
Dual trajectories of supportive coparenting and father involvement: Parental predictors and influences
Authors: Park SuJung , Barnett Melissa A. , Mastergeorge Ann M.
Published: September 2024

Objective

The goal of this study was to examine dual trajectories of supportive coparenting and father involvement across the transition to parenthood into early childhood.

Background

During the transition to parenthood, families adapt to new dynamic family subsystems. Drawing on family systems theory, we investigated the influence of supportive coparenting (mother–father subsystem) and father involvement (father–child subsystem) on child development.

Method

Longitudinal data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study collected at the child's birth and ages 1, 3, and 5 years included a sample of predominantly unmarried disadvantaged couples (N = 856) living in diverse couple relationship configurations. Group‐based modeling was used to identify interfamilial variations in dual trajectories and how these trajectory groups were associated with parental predictors and child behavior outcomes.

Results

Three classes were identified: High‐Slow Decreasing Supportive Coparenting and Father Involvement (Class 1, 78%), High‐Rapid Decreasing Supportive Coparenting and Father Involvement (Class 2, 12%), and Low‐Increasing Supportive Coparenting and Low‐Stable Father Involvement (Class 3, 10%). Class 3 showed greater couple supportiveness than the other classes. Couples in committed partner relationships were more likely to be in Class 1 or Class 2 than Class 3. Children of Class 1 displayed fewer behavioral problems than the other classes.

Conclusions

Findings emphasize the value of jointly considering coparenting and father involvement in targeted interventions to strengthen child development and family functioning among economically disadvantaged families.
Attitudes and Behaviours Regarding COVID‐19 Mitigation Strategies in Australians With an Underlying Health Condition: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Soh Sze‐Ee , Ayton Darshini , Bevins Amelia , Skouteris Helen , Trent Mallory , MacIntyre Raina
Published: September 2024

Background

Public health strategies have focused on preventing and slowing the transmission of COVID‐19 by promoting the uptake of mitigation strategies. However, little is known about the uptake of these strategies in the presence of underlying health conditions.

Objectives

To describe the attitudes and behaviours of a sample of Australians towards COVID‐19 mitigation strategies, and determine if uptake of these strategies differed across different health conditions.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting and Participants

National survey of Australian residents over 18 years.

Main Outcome Measures

A purpose‐built survey was used to collect participants' attitudes and behaviours towards COVID‐19 mitigation strategies.

Results

Over half (53%) of the 2867 participants (99% completion rate) reported having one or more comorbidities. The most commonly self‐reported health condition was cardiometabolic conditions (28%). Most participants disagreed that masks were no longer needed (74%) and wanted the 5‐day isolation mandate (66%). More than one‐third would like masks to be mandated for indoor spaces (38%) and 25% avoided going to hospitals. Participants with allergies (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.14, 1.65), cardiometabolic (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.23, 1.79), respiratory (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.07, 1.62) and neurological (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.12, 2.32) conditions were more likely to avoid using public transport compared to those without. In contrast, participants with underlying mental health conditions were less likely to use N95/P2 facemasks in public spaces (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.25, 0.87) compared to those without.

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of Australians continued to adopt COVID‐19 mitigation measures or expressed a desire for more mitigations, including mandatory isolation for COVID‐19, despite the lack of mandates. People with an underlying health condition who represent more than half of all adults appear to be more careful with mitigations to avoid COVID‐19.

Patient or Public Contribution

Members of the public were invited to participate in a soft launch of the survey between 4th and 5th January 2023 to test flow and functionality, and to allow the final wording of survey questions to be refined as required.
XP‐Endo Finisher behaviour and irrigant temperature in intracanal environment: Clinical measurements
Authors: Silva Fernanda de Melo , Macedo Isabella Figueiredo Assis , Resende Pedro Damas , Tavares Warley Luciano Fonseca , Buono Vicente Tadeu Lopes , Santos Leandro de Arruda , Peixoto Isabella Faria da Cunha , Viana Ana Cecília Diniz
Published: September 2024

Aim

To evaluate the behaviour of the XP‐Endo Finisher and the variation in the intracanal temperature of the irrigant at rest and when activated over time.

Methodology

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) determined the transformation temperatures of XP‐Endo Finisher instruments. A digital thermocouple was used to measure the temperature of the irrigant inside the pulp chamber. Two measurements were performed for each tooth (n = 12): with the irrigant at rest and during XP‐Endo agitation for 60 s to observe the temperature evolution. The data were statistically analysed using a t‐test with a confidence level of 95%.

Results

DSC results suggested that the XP‐Endo Finisher had a mixed R‐phase and austenitic structure at room temperature. The temperature values at predetermined time points (0, 10, 40, 70, 120 and 240 s) were measured, and no statistical difference was observed between the values of the resting and activated solutions at any of the selected points (p > .05). For the protocol performed with the XP‐Endo file, the mean irrigant temperature observed at instrument insertion inside the root canal was 28.65°C. After 60 s of agitation, the temperature was 34.02°C. The solution temperature stabilized inside the canal only after 211 s at 35.5°C. The mean maximum irrigation solution temperature recorded inside the canal was 35.5°C without agitation and after XP‐endo agitation (p > .05).

Conclusions

Although the XP‐Endo Finisher system does not promote heating of the irrigation solution, file expansion responsible for improved instrument cleaning starts at a temperature below the expected value.
Sustainable valorisation of freshwater fish by‐products to gelatin and fish oil by hydrothermal extraction
Authors: Adnan Saepul , Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia , Marlina  , Bindar Yazid
Published: September 2024

This study explores the potential of hydrothermal extraction as an innovative valorisation method for the simultaneous production of gelatin and fish oil from fish byproducts. It offers an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional solvent‐based techniques by minimising the use of chemical solvents and water. We researched various major commercial freshwater fish species: striped catfish, catfish, and tilapia, and achieved a gelatin product that reflects commercial standards in chemical structure, gel strength, and pH level. The striped catfish gelatin showed the highest gel strength and viscosity (66.01 ± 0.83 g bloom and 15.3 ± 0.1 cP), but was produced at a lower yield than the catfish gelatin. On the other hand, striped catfish produced the highest yield of fish oil (13.56 ± 0.21%) and has the highest omega 3 content (3.72 ± 0.02%) than other fish oil. This innovative study demonstrates the potential of hydrothermal extraction as a sustainable method for producing gelatin and fish oil, offering eco‐friendly and nutritional benefits across a range of applications.
Inherent metabolic preferences differentially regulate the sensitivity of Th1 and Th2 cells to ribosome‐inhibiting antibiotics
Authors: Jawla Neha , Kar Raunak , Patil Veena S. , Arimbasseri G. Aneeshkumar
Published: September 2024

Mitochondrial translation is essential to maintain mitochondrial function and energy production. Mutations in genes associated with mitochondrial translation cause several developmental disorders, and immune dysfunction is observed in many such patients. Besides genetic mutations, several antibiotics targeting bacterial ribosomes are well‐established to inhibit mitochondrial translation. However, the effect of such antibiotics on different immune cells is not fully understood. Here, we addressed the differential effect of mitochondrial translation inhibition on different subsets of helper T cells (Th) of mice and humans. Inhibition of mitochondrial translation reduced the levels of mitochondrially encoded electron transport chain subunits without affecting their nuclear‐encoded counterparts. As a result, mitochondrial oxygen consumption reduced dramatically, but mitochondrial mass was unaffected. Most importantly, we show that inhibition of mitochondrial translation induced apoptosis, specifically in Th2 cells. This increase in apoptosis was associated with higher expression of Bim and Puma, two activators of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. We propose that this difference in the sensitivity of Th1 and Th2 cells to mitochondrial translation inhibition reflects the intrinsic metabolic demands of these subtypes. Though Th1 and Th2 cells exhibit similar levels of oxidative phosphorylation, Th1 cells exhibit higher levels of aerobic glycolysis than Th2 cells. Moreover, Th1 cells are more sensitive to the inhibition of glycolysis, while higher concentrations of glycolysis inhibitor 2‐deoxyglucose are required to induce cell death in the Th2 lineage. These observations reveal that selection of metabolic pathways for substrate utilization during differentiation of Th1 and Th2 lineages is a fundamental process conserved across species.
IRON PROPHYLAXIS IN MENORRHAGIA
Authors: Arvidsson B. , Ekenved G. , Rybo G. , Sölvell L.
Published: September 2024

Heavy menstrual bleedings frequently lead to iron deficiency. Iron suplementation is usually given to cover the increased losses. In the present study one tablet containing 100 mg of iron (DuroferonR, DurulesR) was given daily for 10 days in connection with the menstrual period in 15 women with menorrhagia. The tablets contained 59Felabelled FeSO4 and the total absorption was measured in a whole‐body counter. The mean menstrual blood loss was 117 ml (range 46–259 ml), corresponding to 53 mg of iron (range 21–117 mg). The mean absorption was 81 mg (range 19–145 mg). Individually, 14 of 15 subjects absorbed more iron from the tablets than was lost by the menstrual bleedings. Thus, the iron prophylaxis as applied in the present study seems to be sufficient in most women with menorrhagia.
SMOKING IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Jensen Odd Harald , Foss Olav Per
Published: September 2024

The connection between maternal smoking during pregnancy and a lower birth weight in the baby is confirmed. The maternal blood thiocyanate level, as measured post partum, was found to be higher in smokers than in non‐smokers. A significant negative correlation was found between the maternal thiocyanate level and the birth weight. A significant association was found between the thiocyanate levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood. A similar correlation was found between the umbilical cord blood and the amniotic fluid thiocyanate concentrations.
Hdac3 deficiency limits periosteal reaction associated with Western diet feeding in female mice
Authors: Vu Elizabeth K. , Karkache Ismael Y. , Pham Anthony , Koroth Jinsha , Bradley Elizabeth W.
Published: September 2024

Diet‐induced obesity is associated with enhanced systemic inflammation that limits bone regeneration. HDAC inhibitors are currently being explored as anti‐inflammatory agents. Prior reports show that myeloid progenitor‐directed Hdac3 ablation enhances intramembranous bone healing in female mice. In this study, we determined if Hdac3 ablation increased intramembranous bone regeneration in mice fed a high‐fat/high‐sugar (HFD) diet. Micro‐CT analyses demonstrated that HFD‐feeding enhanced the formation of periosteal reaction tissue of control littermates, reflective of suboptimal bone healing. We confirmed enhanced bone volume within the defect of Hdac3‐ablated females and showed that Hdac3 ablation reduced the amount of periosteal reaction tissue following HFD feeding. Osteoblasts cultured in a conditioned medium derived from Hdac3‐ablated cells exhibited a four‐fold increase in mineralization and enhanced osteogenic gene expression. We found that Hdac3 ablation elevated the secretion of several chemokines, including CCL2. We then confirmed that Hdac3 deficiency increased the expression of Ccl2. Lastly, we show that the proportion of CCL2‐positve cells within bone defects was significantly higher in Hdac3‐deficient mice and was further enhanced by HFD. Overall, our studies demonstrate that Hdac3 deletion enhances intramembranous bone healing in a setting of diet‐induced obesity, possibly through increased production of CCL2 by macrophages within the defect.
LONP1 alleviates ageing‐related renal fibrosis by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Congxiao , Shen Siman , Xu Li , Li Man , Tian Binyao , Yao Li , Zhu Xinwang
Published: September 2024

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal event contributing to the development of ageing‐related kidney disorders. Lon protease 1 (LONP1) has been reported to be responsible for ageing‐related renal fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanism(s) of LONP1‐driven kidney ageing with respect to mitochondrial disturbances remains to be further explored. The level of LONP1 was tested in the kidneys of aged humans and mice. Renal fibrosis and mitochondrial quality control were confirmed in the kidneys of aged mice. Effects of LONP1 silencing or overexpression on renal fibrosis and mitochondrial quality control were explored. In addition, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification and methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) levels, the relationship between LONP1 and METTL3, and the impacts of METTL3 overexpression on mitochondrial functions were confirmed. Furthermore, the expression of insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) and the regulatory effects of IGF2BP2 on LONP1 were confirmed in vitro. LONP1 expression was reduced in the kidneys of aged humans and mice, accompanied by renal fibrosis and mitochondrial dysregulation. Overexpression of LONP1 alleviated renal fibrosis and maintained mitochondrial homeostasis, while silencing of LONP1 had the opposite effect. Impaired METTL3‐m6A signalling contributed at least in part to ageing‐induced LONP1 modification, reducing subsequent degradation in an IGF2BP2‐dependent manner. Moreover, METTL3 overexpression alleviated proximal tubule cell injury, preserved mitochondrial stability, inhibited LONP1 degradation, and protected mitochondrial functions. LONP1 mediates mitochondrial function in kidney ageing and that targeting LONP1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for improving ageing‐related renal fibrosis.
Linking activation of synaptic NMDA receptors‐induced CREB signaling to brief exposure of cortical neurons to oligomeric amyloid‐beta peptide
Authors: Ferreira I. Luísa , Marinho Daniela , de Rosa Valéria , Castanheira Bárbara , Fang Zongwei , Caldeira Gladys L. , Mota Sandra I. , Rego A. Cristina
Published: September 2024

Amyloid‐beta peptide oligomers (AβO) have been considered “primum movens” for a cascade of events that ultimately cause selective neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, initial events triggered by AβO have not been clearly defined. Synaptic (Syn) N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are known to activate cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), a transcriptional factor involved in gene expression related to cell survival, memory formation and synaptic plasticity, whereas activation of extrasynaptic (ESyn) NMDARs was linked to excitotoxic events. In AD brain, CREB phosphorylation/activation was shown to be altered, along with dyshomeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i). Thus, in this work, we analyze acute/early and long‐term AβO‐mediated changes in CREB activation involving Syn or ESyn NMDARs in mature rat cortical neurons. Our findings show that acute AβO exposure produce early increase in phosphorylated CREB, reflecting CREB activity, in a process occurring through Syn NMDAR‐mediated Ca2+ influx. Data also demonstrate that AβO long‐term (24 h) exposure compromises synaptic function related to Ca2+‐dependent CREB phosphorylation/activation and nuclear CREB levels and related target genes, namely Bdnf, Gadd45γ, and Btg2. Data suggest a dual effect of AβO following early or prolonged exposure in mature cortical neurons through the activation of the CREB signaling pathway, linked to the activation of Syn NMDARs.

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Supervisor‐directed anger as a link between work–family conflict and unethical pro‐family behaviours: An attributional perspective
Authors: Wu Lusi , Perrigino Matthew B.
Published: September 2024

Research explores how internal‐focused cognitions and emotions impact the connection between employees' work–family conflict (WFC) and subsequent behaviours. We offer a complementary view by arguing that employees also attribute WFC to external causes, notably their supervisor. First, we hypothesize that anger directed towards one's supervisor mediates the relationship between WFC and unethical pro‐family behaviours (UPFB), which is supported by the results of a multi‐wave survey study. Second, we expand this view by recognizing employees' experiences of WFC may be beyond the supervisor's control. We examine how the extent to which the employee's WFC is perceived as more (vs. less) controllable by their supervisor conditions this indirect effect. Results from an experimental study show that when WFC is perceived as more controllable by one's supervisor, the positive association between WFC and anger is stronger, reinforcing the indirect effect of WFC on UPFB. However, when WFC is perceived as less controllable by one's supervisor, the indirect effect disappears as anger towards the supervisor dissipates. Taken together, our work synthesizes the work–family and UPFB literatures by addressing the key roles of anger and external attributions in the experience of WFC.
Non‐native plants tend to be phylogenetically distant but functionally similar to native plants under intense disturbance at the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Le Haichuan , Mao Jiangtao , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Pinto‐Ledezma Jesús N. , Deng Ying , Zhao Changming , Xiong Gaoming , Xu Wenting , Xie Zongqiang
Published: September 2024

Darwin's two opposing hypotheses, proposing that non‐native species closely or distantly related to native species are more likely to succeed, are known as ‘Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum’. Recently, invasion ecologists have sought to unravel these hypotheses. Studies that incorporate rich observational data in disturbed ecosystems that integrate phylogenetic and functional perspectives have potential to shed light on the conundrum.

Using 313 invaded plant communities including 46 invasive plant species and 531 native plant species across the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China, we aim to evaluate the coexistence mechanisms of invasive and native plants by integrating phylogenetic and functional dimensions at spatial and temporal scales.

Our findings revealed that invasive plants tended to co‐occur more frequently with native plant species that were phylogenetically distant but functionally similar in the reservoir riparian zone. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that the filtering of flood‐dry‐flood cycles played a significant role in deepening functional similarities of native communities and invasive‐native species over time.

Our study highlights the contrasting effects of phylogenetic relatedness and functional similarity between invasive and native species in highly flood‐disturbed habitats, providing new sights into Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum.
Factoring in the Micro: A Transaction‐Level Dynamic Factor Approach to the Decomposition of Export Volatility
Authors: Barigozzi Matteo , Cuzzola Angelo , Grazzi Marco , Moschella Daniele
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes the export volatility sources estimating a dynamic factor model on transaction‐level data. Utilizing an exhaustive dataset of French export transactions from 1993 to 2017, we reconstruct the latent factors space associated with global and destination‐specific macroeconomic shocks through a Quasi‐Maximum likelihood approach which allows accommodating both the high share of missing values and the high dimensionality of the microeconomic time series. The estimated parameters are then used to derive a volatility decomposition of the aggregate and firm‐level export growth rates, highlighting structural spatial patterns and the role of geographical diversification in mitigating export risks.
Topology and functional characterization of major outer membrane proteins of Treponema maltophilum and Treponema lecithinolyticum
Authors: Anselmi Natalie K. , Vanyo Stephen T. , Clark Nicholas D. , Rodriguez Dayron M. Leyva , Jones Megan M. , Rosenthal Sara , Patel Dhara , Marconi Richard T. , Visser Michelle B.
Published: September 2024

Numerous Treponema species are prevalent in the dysbiotic subgingival microbial community during periodontitis. The major outer sheath protein is a highly expressed virulence factor of the well‐characterized species Treponema denticola. Msp forms an oligomeric membrane protein complex with adhesin and porin properties and contributes to host–microbial interaction. Treponema maltophilum and Treponema lecithinolyticum species are also prominent during periodontitis but are relatively understudied. Msp‐like membrane surface proteins exist in T. maltophilum (MspA) and T. lecithinolyticum (MspTL), but limited information exists regarding their structural features or functionality. Protein profiling reveals numerous differences between these species, but minimal differences between strains of the same species. Using protein modeling tools, we predict MspA and MspTL monomeric forms to be large β‐barrel structures composed of 20 all‐next‐neighbor antiparallel β strands which most likely adopt a homotrimer formation. Using cell fractionation, Triton X‐114 phase partitioning, heat modifiability, and chemical and detergent release assays, we found evidence of amphiphilic integral membrane‐associated oligomerization for both native MspA and MspTL in intact spirochetes. Proteinase K accessibility and immunofluorescence assays demonstrate surface exposure of MspA and MspTL. Functionally, purified recombinant MspA or MspTL monomer proteins can impair neutrophil chemotaxis. Expressions of MspA or MspTL with a PelB leader sequence in Escherichia coli also demonstrate surface exposure and can impair neutrophil chemotaxis in an in vivo air pouch model of inflammation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that MspA and MspTL membrane proteins can contribute to pathogenesis of these understudied oral spirochete species.
Salivary Protein Sfapyrase of Spodoptera frugiperda Stimulates Plant Defence Response
Authors: Yao Yang , Lin Huan‐tai , Chen Yao‐hui , Chen Li‐lan , Zhang Hui‐li , Fu Hua‐ying , Gao San‐ji , Wang Ran , Feng Hong‐lin , Wang Jin‐da
Published: September 2024

Plants have developed various resistance mechanisms against herbivorous insects through prolonged coevolution. Plant defence responses can be triggered by specific compounds present in insect saliva. Apyrase, a known enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and inorganic phosphorus, has recently been identified in some herbivorous insects. However, whether insect salivary apyrase induces or inhibits plant responses remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified an apyrase‐like protein in the salivary proteome of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, named Sfapyrase. Sfapyrase was primarily expressed in the salivary gland and secreted into plants during insect feeding. Transient expression of Sfapyrase in tobacco and maize enhanced plant resistance and resulted in decreased insect feeding. Knockdown of Sfapyrase through RNA interference led to increased growth and feeding of S. frugiperda. Furthermore, we showed that Sfapyrase activates the jasmonic acid signalling pathway and promotes the synthesis of secondary metabolites, especially benzoxazinoids, thereby enhancing resistance to S. frugiperda. In summary, our findings demonstrated that Sfapyrase acts as a salivary elicitor, inducing maize jasmonic acid defence responses and the production of insect‐resistant benzoxazinoids. This study provides valuable insights into plant–insect interactions and offers potential targets for developing innovative insect pest management strategies.
Severe periodontitis and congenital cytomegalovirus: Cleft lip and cleft palate
Authors: Slots Jørgen , Slots Vanessa
Published: September 2024

Severe periodontitis lesions can harbor several hundred‐thousand copies of active cytomegalovirus, and this paper proposes that cytomegalovirus in maternal periodontitis can infect the fetus. Cleft lips and palates may be oral examples of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Anti‐cytomegalovirus periodontal treatment is indicated for high‐risk women who exhibit severe periodontitis and weakened immune system and are contemplating pregnancy or are in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Income tax evasion and third‐party reported consumption and wealth: implications for the optimal tax structure
Authors: Gerritsen Aart
Published: September 2024

Tax authorities increasingly make use of third‐party reported consumption expenditures when appraising individual income reports. They may initiate an audit if consumption reports cannot be justified by self‐reported income. This in turn incentivizes tax evaders to avoid third‐party reported consumption goods. I determine the implications of this for the optimal tax structure. A tax on non‐reported goods discourages tax evasion because these goods are disproportionately consumed by tax evaders. A tax on reported goods also discourages tax evasion because it further distorts the evader's consumption bundle. I show that it is desirable to tax third‐party reported goods at a higher (lower) rate than non‐reported goods if the elasticity of substitution between both goods is smaller (larger) than one. I then apply the same logic to third‐party reported wealth – i.e., future consumption goods – which tax authorities also use in their audit policies. Existing evidence on the intertemporal elasticity of substitution suggests that it may be optimal to tax third‐party reported wealth at a positive rate.