ФРАКТАЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ КОСМІЧНИХ ЗНІМКІВ SENTINEL-2 ДЛЯ МОНІТОРИНГУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: Марюшко Максим В’ячеславович , Пащенко Руслан Едуардович 
Published: December 2020

The subject of the study in the article is using the new approach to the processing of spatial information from satellites for more effective and operational evaluation of crops. This is due to the growing trend of access to remote sensing data, due to the improvement of spatial and temporal resolution, which can be used in the analysis of vegetation cover and other related work. The goal of the article is the capability assessment of processing the Sentinel-2 satellite imagery using fractal dimensions to agricultural plant monitoring at different phases of the vegetative. The tasks: to research the method of constructing fractal dimensions for the Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to assess the state of crops during the vegetative phase; to assess the relationship between changes in FD averages and changes in the NDVI index of different time series remote images, to determine the advantage of calculation method fractal dimensions compared to the NDVI index. The following results were obtained. It was found that the NDVI index is most often used to quantify the state of biomass during different time intervals. But this index becomes ineffective during periods of weakening of the vegetation active phase. Accordingly, it is of practical interest to evaluate the possibility of using fractal analysis of agricultural crop satellite imagery at different vegetation phases. The basis of fractal analysis of digital images is the formation of fractal dimensions fields. The analysis of changes in the FD values on different remote images time series of the grain cornfields from the «sliding window» values is carried out. The dependences of the maximum and minimum values of FD, which are in the images, on the «window» size are investigated. It is shown that the homogeneity of the underlying surface can be estimated from the magnitude of changes in the maximum values of FD with the increasing size of the «window». It is established that the pattern of the change of the FD minimum values when changing the «window» size is due to the large sharpness of the underlying surface in the images, and the anomalous behavior of these values allows determining anomalous areas of different sizes in satellite imagery. The pattern of the change in the range of FD with increasing size of the «window», which can be used to determine the homogeneity of the underlying surface in satellite imagery, as well as during the detection of abnormal areas on them. The change analysis of FD average values with an increase in the sizes of «sliding window» is carried out. It is shown that with the same size of the «window» for different image time series, the average FD will be different, which can be used to characterize the agriculture crop vegetation phase. It is established that the pattern of changes in the FD average values is the same as the NDVI indices for different satellite imagery time series of the corn crop fields and that the magnitudes of the FD average values depend on the size of the «window». The size of the «window» is recommended, which provides accommodation between the speed of image processing and the quality of the assessment state vegetation crop. It is shown that to increase the speed of formation of the FFD during the processing of large images, it is advisable to use a «jumping window» instead of a «sliding window». It is mentioned that the «jump» value can be equal to the «window» size. This «jump» value provides maximum speed and does not affect the crop satellite imagery processing quality. Conclusions. The recommended approach to the processing of spatial data from satellites allows assessing the crops' consistency using FD. The pattern of the change in the FD mean values is identical to the NDVI change in different satellite imagery time series of corn crops. In that event, when forming the FFD, data from only one channel of the Sentinel-2 satellite can be used (for example, from the near-infrared channel – b8), and to calculate the NDVI index it is necessary to obtain data from two channels (from the near-infrared and red channels – channels b8 and b4 of the satellite Sentinel-2, respectively), which will reduce the processing time. The scale of FD average values allows detecting a qualitative change in biomass. During further research, it is advisable to perform fractal analysis of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery for other crops at different phases of the vegetation.