bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Элэгний хорт хавдрын in vitro дахь эсийн үйл ажиллагааг эмийн багваахайгаас (taraxacum officinale wigg f.h.) ялгасан зарим бодис дарангуйлж буй байдал
Authors: Ж Болдбаатар , Б Түвшинтөгс , О Одгэрэл , Г Одонтуяа , Р Сандуйжав , П Эрдэнэбаатар , Ц Oюунсүрэн
Published: July 2017

Манай орны хүн амын дунд элэгний хорт хавдар буюу анхдагч өмөн нь бусад хавдартай харьцуулахад хамгийн их тохиолдох ба нас баралтын хувь хэмжээ ихтэй өвчин юм. Иймээс энэ өвчнөөс урьдчилан сэргийлэх, эрт үед нь оношлох, эмчлэх нь ихээхэн чухал болоод байна.Бид уламжлалт анагаах ухаанд өргөн хэрэглэгддэг Эмийн багваахай (Taraxacum officinale Wigg.S.L)-г элэгний хорт хавдарын эмчилгээнд ашиглах боломжийг судлах зорилгоор уг ургамлаас хэд хэдэн ханд, бодис гарган авч эдгээр нь хорт хавдарын in vitro дахь эсийн өсгөвөрийн үйл ажиллагаанд хэрхэн нөлөөлж буйг илрүүлэх ажлыг хийв.Судалгаанд элэгний хавдрын анхдагч эсийн өсгөвөр (PCC), элэгний хавдрын шугаман эс HepG2 болон T.оfficinale-н газрын дээд хэсгийн дихлорметанан (ДХМ) ханд, түүнээс ялгасан тараксастерилацетат, псевдотараксастерол, тараксастерол, b-ситостерол, пальмитиний хүчил, b-ситостерил глюкоз гэсэн 6 бодис ашиглав.Бидний судалгааны үр дүнд ДХМ ханд нь элэгний хавдарын эсийн хуваагдалд сөргөөр нөлөөлж, эсийн үсэрхийлэх хурдыг 36%-р, суух чадварыг 2.6 дахин, наалдах чадварыг 34.5%-р тус тус бууруулж, Bcl-2 болон ZPYVE-1 зэрэг генүүдийн экспрессийг дарангуйлж байв.Дээрх бодисуудаас пальмитиний хүчил нь эсийн хуваагдал, шилжин хөдлөх чадвар, эс хоорондын наалдах чадвар, эсийн суух чадвар зэрэг үйл ажиллагааг бууруулж байсан ба эсийн апоптози болон эсийн бүтцийн эвдрэл идэвхижихэд нөлөө үзүүлсэн.Эдгээрээс үндэслэж T.оfficinale-н ДХМ ханд, түүнээс ялгасан пальмитиний хүчил нь элэгний хавдрын эсийн үйл ажиллагаанд сөрөг нөлөө үзүүлж байна гэж дүгнэв.
Сансрын хог хаягдлын ажиглалт, судалгаа
Authors: Н Тунгалаг , Т Баярбат , Ц Шижирбаяр , Д Ундрах , Б Отгонсүрэн , М Батболд
Published: July 2017

Астрофизикийн суурь судалгааны хөтөлбөрийн дагуу Монгол улсад анх удаа сансрын хог хаягдал, сансрын гамма тэсрэлтийн тогтмол ажиглалтууд хийгдэж эхэллээ. Энэ хөтөлбөрийн хүрээнд Одон орон геофизикийн судалгааны төвийн Хүрэлтогоот дахь одон орон судлах оргилд ORI-40, VT-78е дурангуудыг суурилуулан ажиллагаанд оруулсан. Одон орны тогтмол ажиглалт явуулснаар ОХУ-ын “Астрометрийн ба фотометрийн ажиглалтын оптик дурангуудын сүлжээ” олон улсын эрдэм шинжилгээний нээлттэй төсөлд хамрагдан ажиллаж байна [1,2].
Алтны хүдрийн флотацийн баяжуулалтын үр дүн
Authors: Б Нямдаваа
Published: July 2017

Алтны үндсэн ордын исэлдсэн хүдрийн технологийн сорьцын дээжид цуглуулагч урвалжуудын үйлчлэлийн нөлөөг харьцуулан судлаж, үндсэн болон хяналтын флотацийн хугацааг тогтоох туршилт шинжилгээг явуулан үр дүн гарган авав.
Улаанбаатар хотын шилжих хөдөлгөөн ба шилжин ирэгсдийн нийгмийн байдал
Authors: Д Номун-Эрдэнэ
Published: July 2017

Purpose of the article is to identify the reasons of migration to Ulaanbaatar from countryside of Mongolia and situation of migrants in Ulaanbaatar. Article explores impact of migration on growth of population and social status of emigrants based on statistical data and sociological survey conducted in Ulaanabaatar in 2012 by Department of Sociology of the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law.
Улаанбаатар хот: төвлөрөл ба асуудал
Authors: О Баасантогтох
Published: July 2017

Aim of the paper is to investigate migration flow, a reasons for migration, regions and places of migrations, types of migrations based on the statistical data and data of sociological survey “Urbanization process in Mongolia” conducted by the Department of Sociology, IPSL in 2012.
Монгол орны хөрс салхиар элэгдэх үйл явцыг үнэлсэн судалгааны үр дүнгээс
Authors: Н Мандах
Published: July 2017

Phenomenae commonly occuring in arid regions are dust storms. Adaptation mechanism associated with this phenomenon appears in various forms within ecological environments of the world largest desert and semi-deserts. However, due to adverse anthropogenic impacts as well as natural external and internal forces, transportation and accumulation of soil particles by wind intensifies, which accelerates the soil erosion processes in arid territories.An equation for wind erosion computation used for this assessment was based on the Universal Wind Erosion Equation developed in 1961 by the US Department of Agriculture. When the WEQ equation used for Mongolia, the factors of unsheltered distance or distance for undisturbed wind flowing were not taken into consideration assuming that there is no barrier to hinder the wind force in the given for study area. Meanwhile soil surface was considered as an influencing factor to wind flow and soil surface roughness and obstacles were calculated from the digital elevation data.The results demonstrate that there is a high degree of wind erosion along the desert zone, Great Lakes Depression, Lakes Valley. Especially soil around the Baruun Khuurain Khotgor, Altai Ovor govi, Ulaan Nuur Lake, Mandal-Ovoo territories have highest degree of wind erosion. Mongolia’s steppe, desert steppe zones, especially steppes of Dornod and areas of Zamyn Uud and Sainshand belong to lands with moderate degree of soil erodibility. Wind erosion changes can clearly be observed in southern part of Govi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Umnugovi aimags, particularly, in valleys and depressions of gobi areas like Sharga, Nomin, Ingen hoovor, Galba, Borzon.
Үүдэл эсийн судалгаа, хэрэглээний өнөө маргааш, түүнийг тойрсон ёс зүй, эрх зүйн асуудал
Authors: С Цоодол , Л Төмөрхүү , Д Оюунгэрэл
Published: July 2017

Үүдэл эсийн судалгаа нь өнөө цаг үед биоанагаах ухааны судалгааны үндсэн чиглэлийн нэг болж байна. Энэхүү судалгаа нь суурь, туршилт, эмнэлзүйн хэлбэрүүдээр өрнөж, нэг гол хандлага нь янз бүрийн эсүүдийг шилжүүлэн суулгахад чиглэж, үүгээрээ элэгний бодисын солилцооны удамшилт дутал, өвчтөний булчингийн хатангиршил, мэдрэлийн эд, бүрхүүл эдийн нөхөн төлжилтийн саатал, нүд, чих гэх мэт мэдрэхүйн эрхтэнийг эмчлэхэд онцгой байр эзлэж байгаа юм.Эд эрхтэн шилжүүлэн суулгах технологид үүдэл эс, түүний дотор үр хөврөлийн үүдэл эсийг ашиглах хандлага тэргүүлж байна. Энэчлэн үүдэл эсийг судлах, хэрэглэх, ирээдүйд түүнд хамааралтай ёс зүй, эрх зүйн сөрөг талууд ихээхэн нөлөөтэй байгаа учир шалтгаан, түүнээс тойрох арга замыг тодруулах зорилт тулгамдаж байгаа юм.
Шарилжны төрлийн зарим ургамлын in vitro хавдрын эсэд үзүүлэх нөлөө
Authors: Ж Болдбаатар , П Эрдэнэбаатар , Л Хулан , Д Номиун , Б Номин , Ц Oюунсүрэн
Published: July 2017

Орчин үеийн хүн төрлөхтөний эрүүл мэндэд тулгамдаж буй асуудалуудын нэг нь төрөл бүрийн хорт хавдрын өвчлөл юм. Дэлхий нийтээр уг өвчний үүсэл, шалтгаан, эмчлэх боломжын талаар өргөн хүрээний судалгаа шинжилгээний ажлууд хийж байна. Эмчилгээнд хэдийгээр мэс засал, туяа, химийн эмчилгээ ашиглаж байгаа ч эдгээрээс илүү үр дүнтэй байж болох, хүний эрүүл мэндэд сөрөг нөлөө багатай, эсвэл сөрөг нөлөөгүй биологийн гаралтай эм бэлдмэл гарган авах хэрэгцээ, шаардлага байсаар байна. Өдгөө янз бүрийн ургамал, тэдгээрийн тодорхой нэгдлүүдийн хавдрын эсрэг идэвхийг тогтоосон судалгаа ихээхэн хийгдэж зарим нь патентлагдаж хэрэглээнд нэвтрээд байна. Ханд болон цэвэр нэгдлийн хавдрын эсрэг идэвхийг тогтоох судалгааны сонгодог загвар бол уг хавдрын эдээс гаргаж авсан эсийн өсгөвөрийн шугамуудыг ашиглах явдал юм.Бид судалгаанд шарилж буюу Artemisia-ийн төрөлд хамаарах гурван зүйл ургамлыг ( Artemisia xerophytica Krasch, Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC, Artemisia intricata Franch ) хорт хавдрын эмчилгээнд ашиглах боломжийг судлах зорилгоор зүйл бүрээс тус бүр этанол, 70% метанол ханд гарган авч хорт хавдарын in vitro дахь эсийн өсгөвөрийн (PCC, MDCK) үйл ажиллагаанд хэрхэн нөлөөлж буйг илрүүлэх ажил хийв.Судалгааны дүнд A.xerophytica, A.intricata 2 зүйл ургамлын этанол болон метанол ханд хавдрын MDCK, РСС эсийн хуваагдалд концентрациас хамааран саатуулах нөлөөтэй байв. A. lavandulaefolia ургамлын этанол болон метанол хандууд нь зөвхөн РСС эсийн хуваагдлыг концентрациас хамаарч саатуулах үйлчилгээтэй. Бүх ургамлын хандууд MDCK, РСС эсүүдийн шилжин ургах чадварыг саатуулж байсан хэдий ч хавдрын эсийн Bcl-2 генийн экспрессээс хамааралтай апоптозын процессыг өдөөхгүй байв. Энэ нь дээрх хандуудын эсийн хуваагдал, шилжин ургах чадварт үзүүлж буй сөрөг нөлөө нь апоптозын процессоос хамааралгүй болохыг харуулна.
Солироос үүдэлтэй нэл авиаг бүртгэсэн нь
Authors: Ч Баярсайхан , С Дэмбэрэл
Published: July 2017

Оросын Холбооны Улсын Челябинскийн мужийн Черваркул хотын ойролцоо 2013 оны 02-р сарын 15 өдөр олон улсын цагаар 03 цаг 20 минутын орчим агаар мандлын давхаргыг зүсэн солир унах үзэгдэл ажиглагдсан байна. Энэ солироос үүдэлтэй агаар мандлаар тархан ирсэн нэл авиагМонголд ажиллаж байгаа байгаа нэл авианы I34MN станц дээр 17 минутын туршид бүртгэсэн байна. 1908 онд Сибирийн Тунгуст унасан солироос хойш зуу гаруй жилийн дараа тохиож байгаа томоохон хэмжээний /15-17 м диаметртэй/ солир дэлхийн агаар мандлыг зүсэн унах байгалийн энэхүү сонин үзэгдэл нь нэл авианы гол үүсгүүрүүдийн нэг юм. Солир нь дэлхийн агаар мандалд 11.2-72.8 км/с хурдтай орж ирэх ба давтамжийн хягаар нь 0.3-3 Гц зурвас бүртгэгддэг байна (A. Le Pichon, et. al 2009). ОХУ-д унасан уг солир нь 20-30 км/с хурдтайгаар дэлхийн агаар мандалд орж ирснийг урьдчилсан байдлаар тодорхойлжээ. Солирын биет агаар мандлыг ийм их хурдтай зүсэж унахдаа шатаж, улмаар 15-20 км-ийн өндөрт буюу тропосферын давхрагад хүчтэй дэлбэрсэн байна. Энэ процессоос үүссэн нэл авиаг олон улсын Цөмийн Туршилтыг Бүрэн Хориглох Гэрээний Байгууллагын (ЦТБХГБ) нэл авианы сүлжээ станцууд, түүний дотор Монголд дахь нэл авианы станцад бүртгэсэн. Бүртгэгдсэн нэл аваианы долгионы бичлэгүүдыг боловсруулж дараах урьдчилсан үр дүнг гарган авлаа.
Монголоор сударчилж хэвлэсэн дөрвөлжин үсгийн субашидын шинэ хуудас
Authors: Р Отгонбаатар
Published: July 2017

Хураангуй байхгүй
Positive Psychology Approaches to Dementia edited by Chris Clarke and Emma Wolverson, Jessica Kingsley. London, 2016. ISBN 978-1-84905-610-6
Authors: Lindsay Margot Elizabeth Virginia
Published: July 2017

No abstract
Role of social media to support person-centered care in small healthcare practices
Authors: Mandal Debashish , McQueen Robert J , Doody Owen , Richardson Ita
Published: July 2017

Rationale, aims and objectives: Healthcare practitioners use social media to receive feedback from patients to deliver better person-centered care. The aim of this research was to investigate the ability of social media to support person-centered healthcare in small practices. The objectives of this study were to: (a) diagnose their existing patient care processes; (b) introduce social media to them as an additional channel for communication and feedback with their patients & (c) examine the effectiveness of social media to support delivery of person-centered healthcare.Method: The study used an action research method to train 20 healthcare practitioners in small practices in the use of social media. Data were collected through unstructured interviews and analysis of social media scripts. Thematic analysis of the source data was undertaken, supported by Nvivo software.Results: Practitioners reported that social media assisted and supported delivery of person-centered healthcare if suitable training and implementation processes were used. The introduction of social media increased healthcare practitioners’ socialising and personalising capabilities, which enhanced their capability to empathise with patients. Socialising increased because of improved 2-way communication and trust between practitioner and patient and improved a practitioner’s capability to personalise care for patients. Through building trust and additional communication, practitioners were better able to motivate patients to undertake behavioural changes.Conclusions: Social media use can enhance person-centered care by bridging social, economic and demographic differences between practitioner and patient. Small healthcare practitioners need suitable training in social media to support person-centered healthcare.
Electronic Patient Reported Outcomes significantly improved toxicity data collection and were acceptable to both patients and clinicians in lung cancer radiotherapy outpatient clinics.
Authors: Shears Annalie , Barker-Hewitt Matthew , Bayman Neil , Harris Margaret , Haslett Kate , Kennedy Jason , Lee Lip , Wilson Ben , Taylor Paul , Faivre Corinne
Published: July 2017

Rationale: Toxicity after radiotherapy for lung cancer can be considerable and yet varies significantly between patients. In the future, it is hoped rapid learning techniques will be used to create decision support systems  that can determine individual patients’ outcomes and so help guide treatment choices accordingly. However, such research relies on the robust collection of prospective toxicity data. Electronic Patient Reported Outcomes (e-PROs) tools are an effective way of improving the quality and quantity of clinical data collection, yet there are currently none in routine use in UK lung cancer patients. Methods: An e-PRO tool was designed to evaluate toxicity after lung cancer radiotherapy in outpatients at the Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK. Patients completed the e-PRO form on a tablet computer prior to consultation and both patients and clinicians completed feedback forms. e-PRO data was uploaded in real time to the electronic patient record. Subsequently, we evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of the use of the e-PRO tool and compared the completeness of toxicity recording with and without e-PROs. Results: Eighty-seven patients completed e-PRO forms with 74 providing feedback. One hundred percent of patients were happy to complete e-PRO forms, 78.2% found the tablet easy to use and  71.5% felt that filling out e-PROs stimulated them to think of issues to discuss with the doctor. Sixty-eight feedback forms were returned by clinicians. One hundred percent used the PRO form and found it helpful, with 79.5% agreeing that it altered their consultation. The records of 38 patients who completed the e-PRO form were evaluated, this was a significant (p=0.0005) difference in toxicity recorded with and without the e-PRO form. Conclusion: e-PROs are acceptable to patients and clinicians and improve the quality and quantity of clinical data collection. Future larger studies will need to validate these findings and assess the impact e-PROs have on decision-making and outcomes.
The Meikirch Model as a Conceptual Framework for Person Centered Healthcare
Authors: Bircher Joannes , Hahn Eckhart G
Published: July 2017

Person Centered Healthcare focuses on re-personalization of health services, on re-sensitization of medicine to fundamental notions of compassion and care and on re-inculcation in clinicians of an ambition to treat patients as persons. The Meikirch model is a new definition of health that aims to transform thinking about health from an undetermined and ill-defined notion to a concept with a well-defined structure. It contains 5 components and 10 complex interactions that in health must function in such a way that the biologically given potential (BGP) and the personally acquired potential (PAP) of a person together respond satisfactorily to his or her demands of life. An unsatisfactory response leads to disease. When comparing person-centered healthcare with the Meikirch model the question arises whether or not the 2 ways of thinking are compatible and complement each other. Analysis of details suggests a full agreement between the 2, yet the final answer to this question must be given by the European Society for Person Centered Healthcare.
Tomorrow’s doctors and dentists in Malaysia: empathic or indifferent?
Authors: Babar Muneer Gohar Gohar , Hasan Syed Shahzad , Lim Lee Ping , Lim Phei June , Nik Mohd Rosdy Nik Mohd Mazuan , Binti Ahmad Siti Fauzza
Published: July 2017

Objectives: This study compared the empathic behaviour of first year to final year dental and medical students in Malaysia and explored whether academic training of dental and medical students increases their subjective empathic tendencies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1020 first year to final year (fifth-year) undergraduate medical and dental students using a validated, self-administered Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Care Provider Student Version (JSE-HPS) questionnaire. The data were collected from first year to final year (fifth-year) students enrolled in Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) and Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree programs at 2 government-funded universities and one private university. Results: Dental students had a significantly higher total mean empathy score than medical students (84.11 versus 81.96, p < 0.05). However, medical students had a narrow actual score range (59.35 - 133.35) than dental (22.05 - 133.35) students. Males (Medical: 82.57, Dental: 84.97) and students of Malay origin (Medical: 82.52, Dental: 85.11) were more empathic than females and students of other ethnic origins. The results also indicate that third-year medical students (mean: 82.95) and fourth-year dental students (mean: 86.36) were more empathic than students in other professional years.Conclusions: We recommend the use of some form of active training and assessment to assist in the development of empathy in medical and dental students. Medical and dental schools should place more emphasis on teaching empathic communication.
Patient preferences for the pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis using adaptive choice-based conjoint (ACBC) analysis: A pilot study
Authors: Al-Omari Basem
Published: July 2017

Background: Patient preferences for pharmaceutical treatment of osteoarthritis have been investigated using Conjoint Analysis. Studies have identified the importance of side effects in determining preferences, but noted that methodological limitations precluded further investigation of additional attributes such as hepatic and renal toxicity.Objective: Following on from a feasibility study of adaptive choice-based conjoint (ACBC) analysis, the aim of this study was to evaluate 8 medication attributes for the pharmaceutical treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).Setting and Participants: Eleven participants were recruited from members of a Research Users’ Group (RUG) who had been diagnosed with osteoarthritis. RUG members individually complete the ACBC task. Main outcome measures: The relative importance of each attribute and the utilities (part-worth) of each level of each attribute were estimated using ACBC built-in Hierarchical Bayes (HB).Results: The combined relative importance of the 4 risk side-effect attributes when selecting osteoarthritis medication (kidney and liver side effects, heart attack and stroke side effects, stomach side effects and addiction) was 66% while the effectiveness attribute accounted for 8% of the relative importance of the medication decision.Conclusions: In this study, the gap between relative importance of 4 side-effect attributes and expected benefit was 66% vs 8%. These preliminary findings indicate that OA patients are most concerned with the avoidance of adverse events and that there is a threshold above which expected benefit has little impact on patients’ medication preferences. The study highlights methodological features of ACBC that may be useful more generally in health services research, but the results must be interpreted in conjunction with the study limitations.
The impact of physical activity for recovering cancer patients
Authors: Queen Martyn , Crone Diane , Parker Andrew , Bloxham Saul
Published: July 2017

Rationale: There is a growing body of evidence that supports the use of physical activity during and after cancer treatment, although activity levels for patients remain low. As more cancer patients are treated successfully and treatment costs continue to escalate, physical activity may be a promising adjunct to a person-centered healthcare approach to recovery.Aim: The aim was to further understand how physical activity may enhance the recovery process for a group of mixed-site cancer patients.Objectives: The research investigated longitudinal changes in physical activity and perceived quality of life between 2 and 6 month’s post-exercise interventions. It also investigated support systems that enabled patients to sustain these perceived changes.Method: The respondent cohort comprised 14 mixed-site cancer patients aged 43-70 (11 women, 3 men), who participated in a 2-phase physical activity intervention that took place at a university in the South West of England, UK. Phase 1 consisted of an 8 week structured physical activity programme; Phase 2 consisted of 4 months of non-supervised physical activity. Semi-structured interviews took place 3 times over 6 months with each participant. Grounded theory informed the data collection and analysis which, in turn, facilitated theoretical development.Findings: Our findings propose 3 theories on the impact of physical activity for recovering cancer patients: (1) Knowledge gained through a structured exercise programme can enable recovering cancer patients to independently sustain physical activity to 4 month follow-up. (2) Sustaining physical activity for 6 months promotes positive changes in the quality of life indicators of chronic fatigue, self-efficacy, ability to self-manage and energy levels & (3) Peer support from patients facilitates adherence to a structured exercise programme and support from a spouse or life partner facilitates independently sustained physical activity to 4 month follow-up.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that qualitative research can provide an evidence base that could be used to support future care plans for cancer patients. Our findings also demonstrate that a physical activity intervention can be effective at helping cancer patients recover from the side effects of their treatment and we recommend that physical activity should become an adjunct therapy alongside traditional cancer treatments.
MyStoma - putting phenomenology into practice
Authors: Mitchell Derek
Published: July 2017

In this paper I will use an example of a person-centered approach to healthcare in action gained from my own experience of coping with serious illness. My overall endeavour will be to show how a philosophical position, based on the phenomenological work of Heidegger and Gadamer, can be effective in the practice of commissioning and providing healthcare and conversely how, in the practice of person-centered healthcare, this philosophical ground is made manifest. First, I give an account of the MyStoma project in East Kent as an example of person-centered care in practice which has led to improvements in care for people with a stoma. The project gives a voice to people who have a stoma and ensures that the care that they receive reflects their own needs as expressed by the service users themselves. The aim of MyStoma is to change the way that people who have a stoma are involved in the development of the services provided to them and to put their needs and expectations at the heart of all decisions made about stoma care services.This is followed by a discussion of how the insights gained from MyStoma can provide lessons for those seeking to engage patients in the development and improvement of services by suggesting that they listen to the first hand accounts, or stories, of those who are ill and use what they hear in the development of Service User Agenda, which can then be used as the basis for service development.Finally I will argue that the success of MyStoma and the primacy it gives to the first hand lived experience of those who are receiving care, rests on a reading of Heidegger’s affirmation of Being-with-Others and his notion of authentic solicitude. By the conclusion of this paper it will be clear that the understanding of the philosophical roots of MyStoma offers the opportunity to extend this successful approach to other care communities based on the understanding of our relationship with Others, like ourselves, as constitutive of our own Being.
Jornalista multimídia e multitarefa: o perfil contemporâneo do trabalho precário no jornalismo
Authors: Bertolini Jeferson
Published: July 2017

Este artigo aborda o conceito de trabalho precário de Standing (2014) e busca dimensioná-lo entre os jornalistas brasileiros. Trata-se de uma categoria cuja função é oferecer informações de qualidade para que as pessoas sejam livres e se autogovernem (KOVACH; ROSENSTIEL, 2003). O texto indica que a precarização se agravou na última década, com as tecnologias digitais, que reconfiguraram o mercado de trabalho e reordenaram o modelo de negócio das empresas do setor. O manuscrito também sugere que o trabalho precário impacta na qualidade da informação que os jornalistas produzem e divulgam, tendo, assim, reflexos em toda a sociedade.
Windeck: todos os tons de Angola no Brasil
Authors: Chaves Leslie Sedrez , De Carvalho Juliana Marques
Published: July 2017

O presente trabalho se propõe a realizar uma reflexão teórico-metodológica a respeito de alguns dos aspectos que envolvem a veiculação na TV Brasil da produção angolana Windeck, primeira novela africana exibida no país e com um elenco formado majoritariamente por atores negros. O pano de fundo para as reflexões são as discussões sobre a implementação de políticas públicas de ação afirmativa no Brasil direcionadas ao setor midiático, o papel da TV pública neste processo e a importância da diversidade de representações na mídia. Apesar de ser uma iniciativa relevante, visto que insere no ambiente midiático variadas representações do negro, percebe-se algumas lacunas como a audiência relativamente baixa do canal, e, de modo mais amplo, a escassez de projetos mais efetivos que promovam o combate ao racismo e a valorização étnica na mídia.
“Novo pensamento”: a gênese do culto ao sucesso na literatura de autoajuda
Authors: Castellano Mayka
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo, apresento uma breve gênese das ideias de sucesso e vida bem-sucedida que estão presentes, hoje, na literatura de autoajuda e em suas reverberações midiáticas. Para isso, realizo uma análise de discurso de inspiração pós-estruturalista em um livro do século XIX, Como alcançar o sucesso, de Orison Swett Marden, um dos clássicos do gênero, apontando rupturas e continuidades em relação ao que venho chamando de cultura da autoajuda contemporânea.
Extrato hidroalcoólico de eucalipto, Eucalyptus dunnii, no controle do carrapato bovino, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Authors: De Oliveira Maiara Kharoline Freitas , Pedrassani Daniela
Published: July 2017

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, artrópode hematófago e vetor de doenças importantes dos bovinos, tem causado grandes prejuízos econômicos para os produtores. Atualmente, os produtos utilizados para o seu controle vêm apresentando eficácia reduzida, devido ao seu uso indiscriminado e manejo inadequado. Em vista dessa resistência aos acaricidas, verifica-se a necessidade de encontrar novas alternativas de controle, como a fitoterapia. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência in vitro do extrato hidroalcoólico de Eucalyptus dunnii, espécie comum na região subtropical do Brasil, sobre teleóginas de R. (B.) microplus, seguindo a metodologia do biocarrapaticidograma, para testar o extrato e o comparar com Amitraz 12,5%. Os dados foram avaliados por análise de variância seguida de Teste de Tukey e análise de regressão linear. Foram testadas três concentrações do extrato (25, 50 e 75%), que apresentaram eficácias de 49,5, 67,9 e 73,6%, respectivamente. Na análise de regressão linear foi constatada associação significativa entre as concentrações do extrato testado e o peso dos ovos, eclodibilidade larval e a eficácia dos tratamentos. Foi verificada correlação negativa entre a concentração do extrato de E. dunni e o peso dos ovos e a eclodibilidade, enquanto para a eficácia a correlação foi positiva. Conclui-se que o extrato hidroalcoólico de E. dunnii, nas concentrações utilizadas, apresentou baixa e média eficácia contra teleóginas do carrapato bovino, apresentando maior interferência na eclodibilidade das larvas do que na postura das teleóginas, não podendo ser utilizado isoladamente no controle desse ectoparasito.
Clinical and public health implications of acute and early HIV detection and treatment: a scoping review
Authors: Rutstein Sarah E. , Ananworanich Jintanat , Fidler Sarah , Johnson Cheryl , Sanders Eduard J. , Sued Omar , Saez‐Cirion Asier , Pilcher Christopher D. , Fraser Christophe , Cohen Myron S. , Vitoria Marco , Doherty Meg , Tucker Joseph D.
Published: July 2017

Introduction: The unchanged global HIV incidence may be related to ignoring acute HIV infection (AHI). This scoping review examines diagnostic, clinical, and public health implications of identifying and treating persons with AHI.

Methods: We searched PubMed, in addition to hand‐review of key journals identifying research pertaining to AHI detection and treatment. We focused on the relative contribution of AHI to transmission and the diagnostic, clinical, and public health implications. We prioritized research from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) published in the last fifteen years.

Results and Discussion: Extensive AHI research and limited routine AHI detection and treatment have begun in LMIC. Diagnostic challenges include ease‐of‐use, suitability for application and distribution in LMIC, and throughput for high‐volume testing. Risk score algorithms have been used in LMIC to screen for AHI among individuals with behavioural and clinical characteristics more often associated with AHI. However, algorithms have not been implemented outside research settings. From a clinical perspective, there are substantial immunological and virological benefits to identifying and treating persons with AHI – evading the irreversible damage to host immune systems and seeding of viral reservoirs that occurs during untreated acute infection. The therapeutic benefits require rapid initiation of antiretrovirals, a logistical challenge in the absence of point‐of‐care testing. From a public health perspective, AHI diagnosis and treatment is critical to: decrease transmission via viral load reduction and behavioural interventions; improve pre‐exposure prophylaxis outcomes by avoiding treatment initiation for HIV‐seronegative persons with AHI; and, enhance partner services via notification for persons recently exposed or likely transmitting.

Conclusions: There are undeniable clinical and public health benefits to AHI detection and treatment, but also substantial diagnostic and logistical barriers to implementation and scale‐up. Effective early ART initiation may be critical for HIV eradication efforts, but widespread use in LMIC requires simple and accurate diagnostic tools. Implementation research is critical to facilitate sustainable integration of AHI detection and treatment into existing health systems and will be essential for prospective evaluation of testing algorithms, point‐of‐care diagnostics, and efficacious and effective first‐line regimens.
Deconstruction of the Ras switching cycle through saturation mutagenesis
Authors: Bandaru Pradeep , Shah Neel H , Bhattacharyya Moitrayee , Barton John P , Kondo Yasushi , Cofsky Joshua C , Gee Christine L , Chakraborty Arup K , Kortemme Tanja , Ranganathan Rama , Kuriyan John
Published: July 2017

Ras proteins are highly conserved signaling molecules that exhibit regulated, nucleotide-dependent switching between active and inactive states. The high conservation of Ras requires mechanistic explanation, especially given the general mutational tolerance of proteins. Here, we use deep mutational scanning, biochemical analysis and molecular simulations to understand constraints on Ras sequence. Ras exhibits global sensitivity to mutation when regulated by a GTPase activating protein and a nucleotide exchange factor. Removing the regulators shifts the distribution of mutational effects to be largely neutral, and reveals hotspots of activating mutations in residues that restrain Ras dynamics and promote the inactive state. Evolutionary analysis, combined with structural and mutational data, argue that Ras has co-evolved with its regulators in the vertebrate lineage. Overall, our results show that sequence conservation in Ras depends strongly on the biochemical network in which it operates, providing a framework for understanding the origin of global selection pressures on proteins.
Workflow Development for an Institutional Repository in an Emerging Research Institution
Authors: Hazzard Jeanne , Towery Stephanie
Published: July 2017

INTRODUCTION This paper describes the process librarians in the Albert B. Alkek Library at Texas State University undertook to increase the amount of faculty publications in their institutional repository, known as the Digital Collections. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM Digital Collections at Texas State University is built on a DSpace platform and serves as the location for electronic theses and dissertations, faculty publications, and other digital Texas State University materials. Despite having launched the service in 2005, the amount of faculty work added to the repository has never been at the levels initially hoped for on launch. DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WORKFLOW Taking a proactive and cooperative approach, a team of librarians developed and piloted a workflow, in which library staff would retain the already established protocol of gaining faculty permissions prior to uploading material while respecting publisher copyright policies. RESULTS Prior to the vita project, the repository archived 305 faculty publications total. Fifty-seven were added during the pilot, which represents an 18.5% increase. Of a total of 496 articles, seventeen titles were found in the blue category, which allows publisher pdfs to be archived. The majority of articles (233) were found in the green category, which allows either a pre- or a post-print copy of an article to be archived. One hundred ten of the identified titles were in the yellow and white journal categories, representing 22% of our total, and the team was able to archive only five of these. Finally, 16% (81) were not found in the SHERPA/ RoMEO database (color-coded beige). Only 18 of these articles were archived. ASSESSMENT We discovered that our faculty retain nearly none of their pre-print or post-print versions of their published articles, and so we are unable to archive those titles in the repository. Nearly 47% of the articles found were in green journals that allow only pre- or post-print copies. Most faculty were unable to produce versions of their work other than the publisher’s PDF, which many publishers restrict from upload into a repository.
In vivo function of Pgβglu-1 in the release of acetophenones in white spruce
Authors: Mageroy Melissa H. , Lachance Denis , Jancsik Sharon , Parent Geneviève , Séguin Armand , Mackay John , Bohlmann Joerg
Published: July 2017

Eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferiana Clemens) (ESBW) is a major forest pest which feeds on young shoots of white spruce (Picea glauca) and can cause landscape level economic and ecological losses. Release of acetophenone metabolites, piceol and pungenol, from their corresponding glycosides, picein and pungenin, can confer natural resistance of spruce to ESBW. A beta-glucosidase gene, Pgβglu-1, was recently discovered and the encoded enzyme was characterized in vitro to function in the release of the defensive acetophenone aglycons. Here we describe overexpression of Pgβglu-1 in a white spruce genotype whose metabolome contains the glucosylated acetophenones, but no detectable amounts of the aglycons. Transgenic overexpression of Pgβglu-1 resulted in release of the acetophenone aglycons in planta. This work provides in vivo evidence for the function of Pgβglu-1.
Alternativas para o controle químico de plantas voluntárias de crotalária em diferentes modalidades de aplicação
Authors: Braz Guilherme Braga Pereira , Oliveira Jr. Rubem Silvério de , Constantin Jamil , Gheno Eliezer Antonio , Biffe Denis Fernando , Takano Hudson Kagueyama , Machado Fellipe Goulart
Published: July 2017

Com a inserção da crotalária como planta antagonista em áreas com histórico de infestação de fitonematoides, a ocorrência de plantas voluntárias desta espécie passou a ser comum, tornando-se necessária a adoção de medidas para o seu manejo. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar alternativas herbicidas aplicadas em diferentes modalidades (pré e pós-emergência) que possam ser utilizadas no controle de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis). Dois experimentos (herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência) foram conduzidos em campo adotando-se delineamento blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial (8x2)+1, com quatro repetições. A variável avaliada nos experimentos foi porcentagem de controle em diferentes períodos após a aplicação dos tratamentos, sendo realizado estande de plantas no experimento com herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência. Atrazine e diuron, aplicados em pré-emergência, consistiram nos melhores tratamentos visando ao controle de plantas voluntárias de crotalária, não sofrendo influência da dose aplicada. Além destes, flumioxazin e fomesafen (60 e 375 g ha-1, respectivamente) também consistiram em boas alternativas para o controle de crotalária nesta modalidade de aplicação. Para os herbicidas pós-emergentes, excluindo o diuron (1500 g ha-1), todos os demais tratamentos apresentaram eficácia no controle de crotalária em aplicações realizadas em plantas com 2 a 4 folhas. Para o segundo estádio de aplicação, 6 a 8 folhas, além do diuron (ambas as doses), o fomesafen aplicado na menor dose (187,5 g ha-1), também não apresentou eficácia no controle de crotalária.
Crescimento e teor de pigmentos de Paspalum notatum em resposta a aplicação de herbicidas
Authors: Barbosa André Prechlak , Meschede Dana Kátia , Alves Guilherme Augusto Cito , Freiria Gustavo Henrique , Furlan Felipe Favoretto , Alves Luiz Abilio Ribeiro , Junco Michele Cristina
Published: July 2017

A grama batatais (Paspalum notatum) é uma poacea, resistente ao pisoteio, restrição hídrica e baixa fertilidade do solo, porém, exige cortes frequentes para eliminar o excesso de biomassa produzido. Para inibir o crescimento dos gramados e evitar ou retardar a operação de corte, têm sido testados reguladores de crescimento e herbicidas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de três herbicidas como reguladores de crescimento em grama batatais, e sua influência no crescimento e teor de pigmentos cloroplastídicos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três herbicidas (glyphosate, isoxaflutole e tembotrione) e cinco doses (0, 68, 136, 272, 544 g e.a. ha-1; 0, 24, 48, 96, 192 g i.a. ha-1 e 0, 13, 26, 52, 104 g i.a. ha-1), respectivamente, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as características, fitointoxicação, massa seca, altura do gramado e teor de pigmentos cloroplastídicos. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e, quando constatada significância, foi realizado o teste de regressão até segundo grau separadamente para cada herbicida. Os herbicidas demonstram eficiência no controle do porte do gramado, no entanto, constata-se efeito fitotóxico com o incremento das doses e o prejuízo no o aspecto estético do gramado. O isoxaflutole possui maior potencial para ser utilizado com redutor de crescimento para a grama batatais, devido à baixa dose necessária para reduzir a altura e a pouca fitointoxicação. O teor de pigmentos cloroplastídicos é alterado de maneira singular por cada herbicida utilizado, e têm relação direta com a massa seca das folhas.
Experimental insights into pyroclast‐ice heat transfer in water‐drained, low‐pressure cavities during subglacial explosive eruptions
Authors: Woodcock D. C. , Lane S. J. , Gilbert J. S.
Published: July 2017

Subglacial explosive volcanism generates hazards that result from magma‐ice interaction, including large flow rate meltwater flooding and fine‐grained volcanic ash. We consider eruptions where subglacial cavities produced by ice melt during eruption establish a connection to the atmosphere along the base of the ice sheet that allows accumulated meltwater to drain. The resulting reduction of pressure initiates or enhances explosive phreatomagmatic volcanism within a steam‐filled cavity with pyroclast impingement on the cavity roof. Heat transfer rates to melt ice in such a system have not, to our knowledge, been assessed previously. To study this system, we take an experimental approach to gain insight into the heat transfer processes and to quantify ice melt rates. We present the results of a series of analogue laboratory experiments in which a jet of steam, air, and sand at approximately 300°C impinged on the underside of an ice block. A key finding was that as the steam to sand ratio was increased, behavior ranged from predominantly horizontal ice melting to predominantly vertical melting by a mobile slurry of sand and water. For the steam to sand ratio that matches typical steam to pyroclast ratios during subglacial phreatomagmatic eruptions at ~300°C, we observed predominantly vertical melting with upward ice melt rates of 1.5 mm s−1, which we argue is similar to that within the volcanic system. This makes pyroclast‐ice heat transfer an important contributing ice melt mechanism under drained, low‐pressure conditions that may precede subaerial explosive volcanism on sloping flanks of glaciated volcanoes.
Extreme relativistic electron fluxes in the Earth's outer radiation belt: Analysis of INTEGRAL IREM data
Authors: Meredith Nigel P. , Horne Richard B. , Sandberg Ingmar , Papadimitriou Constantinos , Evans Hugh D. R.
Published: July 2017

Relativistic electrons (E > 500 keV) cause internal charging and are an important space weather hazard. To assess the vulnerability of the satellite fleet to these so‐called “killer” electrons, it is essential to estimate reasonable worst cases, and, in particular, to estimate the flux levels that may be reached once in 10 and once in 100 years. In this study we perform an extreme value analysis of the relativistic electron fluxes in the Earth's outer radiation belt as a function of energy and L∗. We use data from the Radiation Environment Monitor (IREM) on board the International Gamma Ray Astrophysical Laboratory (INTEGRAL) spacecraft from 17 October 2002 to 31 December 2016. The 1 in 10 year flux at L∗=4.5, representative of equatorial medium Earth orbit, decreases with increasing energy ranging from 1.36 × 107 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 0.69 MeV to 5.34 × 105 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 2.05 MeV. The 1 in 100 year flux at L∗=4.5 is generally a factor of 1.1 to 1.2 larger than the corresponding 1 in 10 year flux. The 1 in 10 year flux at L∗=6.0, representative of geosynchronous orbit, decreases with increasing energy ranging from 4.35 × 106 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 0.69 MeV to 1.16 × 105 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 2.05 MeV. The 1 in 100 year flux at L∗=6.0 is generally a factor of 1.1 to 1.4 larger than the corresponding 1 in 10 year flux. The ratio of the 1 in 10 year flux at L∗=4.5 to that at L∗=6.0 increases with increasing energy ranging from 3.1 at E = 0.69 MeV to 4.6 at E = 2.05 MeV.
A
bbott:
In the Belly of the Beast
Authors: Luxenburg Joan
Published: July 2017

In the Belly of the Beast
is Jack Henry Abbott's first‐hand account of his life as an inmate in state and federal prisons in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. Abbott details the hardships of prison life, particularly the brutality and psychological abuse by prison guards toward inmates. Abbott depicts prisons as violent settings in which torture is inflicted in the name of disciplinary action, psychotropic drugs are administered for the purpose of controlling prisoners, and solitary confinement amounts to sensory deprivation and the temporary loss of one's sanity.
B
uddhism in Prisons
Authors: Cameron Kathleen A.
Published: July 2017

Correctional institutions over the last decades have initiated programs to address the problem of prison violence. Found in North America and worldwide, courses in meditation and mindfulness training have been introduced to teach inmates Buddhist practice. Through a commitment to the Noble Eightfold Path to reduce suffering, Buddhism in prison has been beneficial in shifting habits of violence to attitudes and behaviors grounded in compassion and understanding. This approach has significantly improved the lives of inmates and the environment of prison life.
Gender‐Specific Programs
Authors: Lyn Bright Charlotte
Published: July 2017

Ever since the early1990s, gender‐specific programs designed to serve women and girls have gained prominence in juvenile and criminal justice settings. Gender‐specific programs are intended to address women's experiences and their specific responses to risk and protective factors. In terms of modality, programs designed for females often focus attention on connection and relationships, rather than on individual‐level achievement. Evidence for the effectiveness of gender‐specific programs currently is weak, and thus additional research is needed to guide policy and practice.
Community Service
Authors: Wong Kevin
Published: July 2017

Community service refers to adult and youth justice sanctions ordered by courts that require convicted offenders to work unpaid in the community for a specified number of hours for nonprofit organizations or governmental bodies. It has a wide appeal for all justice philosophies – the retributive, punitive, reparative, restorative, and rehabilitative – and is intended to divert offenders from custody. Community service is widespread across jurisdictions in most parts of the world. Since the 1980s in the United States and the 1990s in the United Kingdom, community service has taken a more punitive turn. The limited number of empirical studies largely show that recidivism rates for offenders on community service orders were the same as for those who received a custodial sentence, with a few studies demonstrating lower recidivism rates.
D
evil's
I
sland
Authors: Goodson Amanda , Gillespie Lane Kirkland
Published: July 2017

Devil's Island is located in the Atlantic off the coast of South America. It was one of France's first penal colonies and was known for holding political convicts, such as Alfred Dreyfus and Henri “Papillon” Charrière. Life on Devil's Island has been referred to as a fate worse than death, as many prisoners suffered from disease and starvation. After just over 100 years, the penal colony was finally closed in 1954. Today, Île du Diable, or Devil's Island, remains uninhabited and access to it is prohibited.
E
ngland and
W
ales, Corrections in
Authors: Jewkes Yvonne
Published: July 2017

This entry provides an overview, brief history, and evaluation of the current state of corrections in England and Wales, including the relationship between politics, penal policy, and public opinion. As well as providing some introductory information about the structure and makeup of corrections in England and Wales, it suggests that, in the twenty‐first century, a politically driven “punitive turn” is returning the custodial estate to a nineteenth‐century model of punishment.
Conditions of Confinement for Juveniles
Authors: Corley Charles J.
Published: July 2017

Prior to the creation of the juvenile court, adolescents and youth offenders in particular were treated as miniature adults. These young offenders were often housed with adults with minimal separation in county jails and prisons. Since the inception of the juvenile court, research has been undertaken to identify delinquency causal factors. Results of such research suggests that, where youths are confined, particular efforts must be made to provide for the overall well‐being of these youths consistent with an evidence‐based best practices approach.
Disciplinary Infractions
Authors: Sudula Susruta
Published: July 2017

Disciplinary infractions in prison can range from major infractions, such as murder, to minor infractions, such as the use of vulgar language. Several explanatory models have been used to understand prison misconduct, including the importation model and the deprivation model. Once a disciplinary infraction has been committed, formal and informal methods can be employed to sanction inmates. Disciplinary actions can be issued by correctional officers or by disciplinary committees. Both correctional officers and disciplinary hearing committees rely heavily on the use of discretion, and inmates are afforded very limited legal protections during these disciplinary hearings. The monetary costs of infractions are examined, as is the impact of punitive sanctions on mentally ill inmates.