bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutralization of Heparin Using a Protamine Titration Assay and the Activated Clotting Time Test
Authors: LaDuca Frank , Mills Dennis , Thompson Steven , Larson Karen
Published: September 2023

(J. Extra-Corpor. Technol. 19[3] p. 358-364 Fall 1987, 16 ref.) Many of the clinical protocols currently used to calculate the protamine (Pr) dosage for heparin neutralization following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) utilize an empirical Pr to heparin ratio. Prtitration, though a proven method of dosage calculation, is inherently tedious and thus not routinely used in the operating room (OR). In the present study Pr titration was performed by preparation of diatomaceous earth-activated clotting time (ACT) test tubes containing known amounts of lyophilized Pr. The ACT determined in these test tubes was called the P-ACT. The Pr titration curve was constructed using a status (heparinized) ACT (S-ACT) and P-ACT at Pr concentrations of 1 0, 15, 20 and 30 mcg/ml. The ACT was performed using an automated technique (Hemochron). The intercept of the linear regression dose-response neutralization curve (ACT vs Pr concentration) with the baseline ACT was the calculated Pr concentration required for neutralization. Addition of calculated Pr to in vitro heparinized donor blood normalized the ACT and non-activated clotting time (NACT). A two-point doseresponse curve (S-ACT and P-ACT, 15 mcg/ml) produced equivalent results to the linear regression dose-response calculation (r = .95). In 30 CPB patients infusion of the calculated Pr (based on the two-point assay and the patient's blood volume, adjusted for changes during CPB) normalized the ACT and produced clinical hemostasis. This assay provides a method of Pr quantification in the OR reducing the likelihood of over- or under-infusion of protamine and the adverse consequences associated with either.
Transarterielle periartikuläre Embolisation (TAPE): klinischer Einsatz und aktuelle Entwicklungen
Authors: Freyhardt Patrick , Katoh Marcus
Published: September 2023

Obwohl bei der transarteriellen periartikulären Embolisation (TAPE) noch viele Aspekte erforscht werden müssen, findet sie eine zunehmende Verbreitung und Akzeptanz bei der Behandlung von
Gelenkschmerzen. Diese Arbeit stellt den aktuellen Stand vor, benennt mögliche Indikationen, beschreibt die interventionelle Technik und fasst die in der Literatur verfügbaren Ergebnisse
zusammen.
Malignes Melanom und Adipositas: eine Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Zidane Miriam , Theurich Sebastian , Schlaak Max
Published: September 2023

Einleitung Die Inzidenz von Adipositas nimmt weltweit stetig zu. Übergewicht und Adipositas werden als mögliche Risikofaktoren für verschiedene Krebserkrankungen, einschließlich des malignen Melanoms, diskutiert. Dieser Review stellt die Evidenz zu der Assoziation zwischen Adipositas und dem malignen Melanom dar.

Methodik Selektive Literaturrecherche.

Ergebnisse Obwohl verschiedene Erklärungsansätze für eine mögliche Assoziation von Adipositas und dem malignen Melanom existieren, sind diese nicht vollständig bekannt und weiterhin Gegenstand der Forschung. Die Evidenz zur Assoziation zwischen Adipositas und Melanom-Outcomes für Patienten ohne Systemtherapie ist gering. Für Patienten mit Systemtherapie gibt es Evidenz, die einen protektiven Effekt unter Immuntherapien und zielgerichteten Therapien beschreibt.

Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt gibt es zu der Assoziation zwischen dem malignen Melanom und Adipositas nicht ausreichend Evidenz, um zu schlussfolgern, ob Adipositas einen unabhängigen protektiven Effekt hat oder ein Risikofaktor für die Entstehung von Melanomen darstellt. Weitere Forschung ist erforderlich, um das Wissen über diesen möglichen Zusammenhang zu vertiefen.
Differenzialdiagnose Vaskulitis und Vaskulopathie aus dermatologischer Sicht
Authors: Mitschang Carolin , Ehrchen Jan , Görge Tobias
Published: September 2023

Vaskulopathien und Vaskulitiden stellen diagnostisch und therapeutisch eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung dar. Zugrunde liegen unterschiedliche pathophysiologische Mechanismen, die zu vielfältigen klinischen Krankheitsbildern führen können und therapeutisch unterschiedliche Ansätze erlauben. Sowohl Vaskulitiden als auch Vaskulopathien müssen nicht zwangsläufig mit einer Systembeteiligung einhergehen, sondern können auch als rein kutane Varianten auftreten. Aufgrund mangelnder pathognomonischer Laborparameter ist die Diagnose häufig klinisch zu stellen. Dieser Artikel soll den differenzialdiagnostischen Blick, insbesondere auf die kutanen Manifestationsformen bei Vaskulopathien und Vaskulitiden, schärfen.
Anterior Skull Base Osteoradionecrosis in the Age of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: A Case Series
Authors: Kosaraju Nikitha , Zhang Huan , Qi Sharon , Chin Robert , Wang Marilene B.
Published: September 2023

Background Despites advances in radiation technology, skull base osteoradionecrosis (ORN) continues to be a rare, devastating, and hard to treat complication of radiotherapy. We present three cases of anterior skull base ORN in a cohort treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

Case Series Three patients developed anterior skull base ORN after receiving at least one round of IMRT. ORN was diagnosed through either nasal endoscopy or imaging findings. The first was a 59-year-old woman with a sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. Her chemoradiation history was notable for reirradiation and a high dose of radiation (143.3 Gy). The second was a 55-year-old man with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, whose history was notable for a high dose of radiation (∼140 Gy) and for being reirradiated. The final patient was a 37-year-old woman with an unremarkable history who received radiotherapy (65.0 Gy) for an esthesioneuroblastoma. One patient was asymptomatic and did not receive ORN-specific therapy. The other two were treated with a combination of medical and surgical intervention with successful short-term outcomes (no evidence of infection).

Conclusion Anterior skull base ORN can be treated through conservative and surgical means to achieve successful short-term outcomes. Further investigation of long-term outcomes is warranted.
Anti-thrombotic Effects Mediated by a Novel Dual-Target Peptide Inhibiting Both Platelet Aggregation and Thrombin Activity without Causing Bleeding
Authors: Yu Jinchao , Wang Tianfa , Zhang Xiaohan , Chen Qing , Hu Yajun , Liang Qiaoyan , Shi Yun , Wang Yuxiong , Zhang Yanling , Yu Min , Zhao Bing
Published: September 2023

Background Classical anticoagulants and antiplatelets are associated with high frequencies of bleeding complications or treatment failure when used as single agents. Thrombin plays an important role in the blood coagulation system. GP IIb/IIIa is the central receptor of platelets, which can recognize the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence and activate platelets.

Material and Methods Molecular simulation and homology modeling were performed to design a novel dual-target anticoagulant short peptide (PTIP ). The activities of PTIP on coagulation and platelet in vitro were analyzed. The antithrombotic activity of PTIP was determined by pulmonary thromboembolism model, ferric chloride injury model and arteriovenous bypass thrombosis model. Bleeding effect and toxicity of PTIP were evaluated.

Results We have constructed a novel dual-target peptide (PTIP) based on the direct thrombin inhibitor peptide (DTIP). PTIP was expressed at high levels in Pichia pastoris. PTIP interfered with thrombin-mediated coagulation and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. When injected intravenously or subcutaneously, PTIP showed potent and dose-dependent extension of aPTT and PT which were similar to DTIP; but only PTIP was capable of inhibiting platelet aggregation. PTIP (1.0 mg/kg) decelerated thrombosis formation in venous and arterial vessels induced by FeCl3 injury. PTIP (1.0 mg/kg) also prevented deep venous thrombosis and increased the survival rate associated with pulmonary thromboembolism. And PTIP effectively reduced thrombus length in arteriovenous bypass thrombosis model. Moreover, the antithrombotic dose of PTIP could not induce bleeding.

Conclusion These data establish that PTIP represents a novel antithrombotic agent whose effects involve both inhibition of platelet activation and reduction of fibrin generation. And PTIP not only can be used in venous thrombosis and arterial thrombosis, it can also replace the combined treatment of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs in thrombotic diseases.
How to convince in a televised debate: the application of machine learning to analyze why viewers changed their winner perception during the 2021 German chancellor discussion
Authors: Ettensperger Felix , Waldvogel Thomas , Wagschal Uwe , Weishaupt Samuel
Published: September 2023

What causes viewers to change their winner perception during a televised debate? The article addresses this question, drawing on a large-N field study of the 2021 chancellor debate in Germany, which contains survey and real-time response data for 4613 participants. Using machine learning techniques, we identify determinants of why participants change their opinion about who is winning the discussion during the debate. Our analysis based on random forest and decision tree models shows in detail, first, what factors drive debate winner perceptions in the course of televised debate reception. Second, we reveal what combinations of political predispositions and candidate statements are necessary to change the viewers’ debate winner perception. In doing so, third, we expand the toolbox of empirical debate research with our analysis based on machine learning algorithms. Our findings indicate that pre-debate chancellor preference and candidate images play a crucial role in determining post-debate perception change, while party identification is less important in predicting changes. We can also directly identify several speech moments in the debate that shifted viewer perception, a novel approach to evaluating political debate performance.
Utilizing mutual learning in literature and cultural industry finance in order to realise green economic recovery and sustainability
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Jingfeng , Zhang Ming
Published: September 2023

The paper aims to evaluate the impact of cultural and creative industries (CCI) finance on green economic flourishing for 16 European Union countries from 2012 to 2021. The coefficients estimated by the Arellano-Bond dynamic GMM technique confirmed that the market size coefficient of the cultural and creative industries is positive. In the case of green innovation, this variable has a positive coefficient. In addition, a 1% increase in the index of openness of the financial markets improves the green economy index of the European Union countries by 0.015%. With a 1% increase in the volume of cultural goods trade in the studied countries, the green economy index increases by 0.184%. The primary policy implications are developing green financing tools, using green cryptocurrencies in the cultural industry, developing the policy of trade multilateralism in cultural goods, promoting mutual learning of civilizations and cross-cultural literary exchange and innovation, and green government support for small and medium enterprises active in the culture industry.
The Rotation Curve of the Milky Way Galaxy as Evidence for Dark Matter
Authors: Jafree Huma , Polen Rebekah , Woolard Deonna , Dominguez Rachele
Published: September 2023

We present neutral hydrogen observations of the plane of the Milky Way galaxy between 0° < l < 80° galactic longitude on the 20-meter telescope at the Green Bank Observatory. These radio spectroscopic signatures returned the 21-cm line of neutral hydrogen at various offsets due to the Doppler shift. By calculating orbital speeds relative to the galactic center, velocity was plotted against radial distance to map the rotation curve of the Milky Way galaxy. The distribution of luminous matter suggests that orbital velocity should fall off at large distances, but empirical observations show otherwise. An abundance of mass which cannot be detected is responsible for this phenomenon, known as dark matter. Although its nature is not understood, dark matter is easily observed indirectly by galactic rotation curves. Our observations confirm that the velocity of the Milky Way’s disk is fairly constant even at large distances from the center of our galaxy, Sagittarius A*.
Development of an Optical Tweezers Demonstration
Authors: Youngsang Ji Eric , Holik Trey
Published: September 2023

Optical tweezers are important tools that are used in several scientific fields. An optical tweezers demonstration was developed by testing several different lasers, particles, and particle environments. The final product was a semienclosed 3D-printed casing with a sooted base plate. This demonstration picked up soot particles using a 250-mW 650-nm laser coupled to a 29-mm diopter focusing lens by Edmund Optics [1].
A bipedal cooperative drive method for the stick–slip piezoelectric actuator to achieve smooth motion
Authors: Ding Zhaochen , Yu Huadong , Zhou Xiaoqin , Xu Zhi , Dong Jingshi , Qiu Wen
Published: September 2023

Existing kinds of stepping piezoelectric actuators have difficulty in maintaining smooth stepping characteristics in motion, especially with applied loads, because they are limited by their driving principle and structural design. However, non-smooth stepping characteristics not only reduce the output performance of piezoelectric actuators but also greatly limit the applications of piezoelectric actuators. In this paper, a bipedal cooperative drive method for the stick–slip actuator is proposed to improve stepping characteristics and achieve smooth motion under different conditions. Two flexible driving feet alternately push the rotor to rotate clockwise. Experimental results show that the stepping characteristics vary with the driving voltage, and the displacement curve transitions from non-smooth to smooth to sudden jump as the driving voltage rises. Furthermore, the displacement curves can maintain good smoothness within a horizontal load range of 20–30 g. The maximum angular speed of the designed actuator is 1452 mrad/s when the driving voltage and driving frequency are 100 V and 1400 Hz, respectively. These features help broaden the practical application of actuators.
Data-driven stochastic spectral modeling for coarsening of the two-dimensional Euler equations on the sphere
Authors: Ephrati Sagy R. , Cifani Paolo , Viviani Milo , Geurts Bernard J.
Published: September 2023

A resolution-independent data-driven subgrid-scale model in coarsened fluid descriptions is proposed. The method enables the inclusion of high-fidelity data into the coarsened flow model, thereby enabling accurate simulations also with the coarser representation. The small-scale model is introduced at the level of the Fourier coefficients of the coarsened numerical solution. It is designed to reproduce the kinetic energy spectra observed in high-fidelity data of the same system. The approach is based on a control feedback term reminiscent of continuous data assimilation implemented using nudging (Newtonian relaxation). The method relies solely on the availability of high-fidelity data from a statistically steady state. No assumptions are made regarding the adopted discretization method or the selected coarser resolution. The performance of the method is assessed for the two-dimensional Euler equations on the sphere for coarsening factors of 8 and 16 times. Applying the method at these significantly coarser resolutions yields good results for the mean and variance of the Fourier coefficients and leads to improvements in the empirical probability density functions of the attained vorticity values. Stable and accurate large-scale dynamics can be simulated over long integration times and are illustrated by capturing long-time vortex trajectories.
Recent progress on femtosecond laser micro-/nano-fabrication of functional photonic structures in dielectric crystals: A brief review and perspective
Authors: Jia Yuechen , Chen Feng
Published: September 2023

Femtosecond (Fs) laser micro-/nano-fabrication technology allows direct definition of on-demand nanostructures with three-dimensional (3D) geometric features and tailored photonic functionalities in a facile manner. In addition, such a strategy is widely applicable to various material families, including dielectrics, semiconductors, and metals. Based on diverse dielectric crystals, fs-laser direct writing of optical waveguides with flexible geometries and functional waveguide-based photonic devices have been well-developed. Beyond waveguide architectures, the combination of 3D nanofabrication of fs lasers and the multi-functionalities of dielectric crystals has also lighted up the future development of novel photonic structures with features even beyond the optical diffraction limit. In this article, promising research topics on domain engineering for nonlinear optics, color centers and waveguides for integrated quantum photonics, and surface processing for integrated photonics enabled by fs laser micro-/nano-fabrication in dielectric crystals are briefly overviewed. We highlight recent progress on these research topics and stress the importance of optical aberration correction during laser fabrication, followed by a discussion of challenges and foreseeing the future development of fs laser defined nanostructures in dielectric crystals toward multi-functional photonics.
On the reduction of the noise in a low-pressure turbine cascade associated with the wavy leading edge
Authors: Han Jieting , Zhang Yu , Li Shiyang , Hong Weirong , Wu Dazhuan
Published: September 2023

The low-pressure turbine (LPT) has become a potential noise source for future ultra-high by-pass ratio engines. In this paper, the feasibility and mechanism of wavy leading edge (WLE) noise control in the LPT cascade model are analyzed. The flow field and acoustic data are obtained with the large eddy simulation and Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings methods, which are validated using experimental data. The acoustic results are compared for different models; the maximum noise reduction can achieve 8.6 and 3.7 dBA in the frequency bands of FR#2 (315–4000 Hz) and FR#4 (6300–16 000 Hz), respectively; the noise reduction does not vary proportionally to the WLE parameter. The noise source is identified in the baseline model, and then the effect of WLE amplitude and wavelength on the noise source and its control on pressure fluctuations are evaluated. The pressure statistics demonstrate that WLE with a smaller wavelength and a larger amplitude can reduce the impingement of stator wakes on the leading edge of the rotor and stabilize the pressure fluctuation. To analyze the mechanism of WLEs on noise control, the pressure spectrum in terms of amplitude and coherence coefficient is utilized to explain the excellent noise performance of the WLE model in FR#2. The proposed similarity coefficient of coherence can quantify the destructive interference level and thus the coherence characteristics of the sound source. Generally, the noise reduction level can be predicted by the combination of the similarity coefficient and the amplitude spectrum of the pressure fluctuations for the WLE models.
Effects of amphoteric surfactants on the dispersibility of TiO2 nanoparticles and experimental study of enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Ren Zhangkun , Fu Lipei , Qiu Xinxin , Chen Wenzheng , Si Wenzhe , Ma Qianli , Shao Minglu , Chen Lifeng , Wang Menglin , Liao Kaili
Published: September 2023

As a new type of flooding technology, the application of nano-surfactant fluids in the petroleum industry has received much attention in recent years. Stability of the nanofluids, which requires the nanoparticles to remain dispersed in the base fluid during flowing in porous media, is vital for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In this paper, the feasibility of using amphoteric surfactants to promote the dispersion stability of TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous solution for EOR was investigated for the first time. The dispersion effects of four major classes of surfactants (cationic, anionic, non-ionic, and amphoteric) on TiO2 nanoparticles were compared. When the ultrasonication time was 10 min, the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles and surfactant was 0.002 and 0.1 wt%, respectively, and the amphoteric surfactant disodium cocoamphodiacetate (CAD) had better dispersion stability for TiO2 nanoparticles compared with other surfactants. The Zeta potential of the CAD/TiO2 dispersion system was −47.53 mV, and the average particle size was 40 nm. Moreover, a nanofluid flooding system of CDEA-CAD/TiO2, with good dispersion stability and remarkable oil displacement performance, was constructed by compounding CAD with the non-ionic surfactant alkanolamide (CDEA). In the core flooding test, the CDEA-CAD/TiO2 nanofluid effectively enhanced oil recovery by 13.3%, which was mainly attributed to the outstanding wettability reversal, interfacial and emulsifying properties of the nanofluid. This study would help further supplement the research on the dispersibility of TiO2 nanoparticles and construct an efficient nanofluid flooding system to enhance oil recovery.
Constructing superior rate-performance manganese-based anode for lithium-ion batteries by tuning interface effect
Authors: Wang Shenghe , Li Song , Cui Qianqian , Wen Zhongsheng , Sun Juncai
Published: September 2023

Interface engineering is an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials for LIBs. Point contact interfaces in composites are constructed by growing of Mn3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of acetylene black (AB). The prepared electrode materials exhibit excellent rate capability (355.7 mAh g−1 at 6.4 A g−1) and cycling stability (1386.7 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g−1). The presence of AB in the composite reduces the charge transfer resistance and improves the cycling stability of the electrode. Moreover, the interface between the composites increases the contribution of pseudocapacitance, which will facilitate the electrode kinetics. The construction of interfaces in the composites provides a promising perspective for the design of high-power density anode for LIBs.

Highlights Construction of Mn3O4 nanoparticles on 0 D-AB spheres was proposed and synthesised by a facile and scalable strategy. The composite materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. The superior rate performance is mainly attributed to the interface effect of composite material.
Projective geometry of homogeneous second-order Hamiltonian operators
Authors: Vergallo Pierandrea , Vitolo Raffaele
Published: September 2023

We prove the invariance of homogeneous second-order Hamiltonian operators under the action of projective reciprocal transformations. We establish a correspondence between such operators in dimensionnand 3-forms in dimensionn + 1. In this way we classify second-order Hamiltonian operators using the known classification of 3-forms in dimensions⩽9. As a by-product, we identify such operators as linear line congruences, that are distinguished algebraic varieties in Plücker’s space of lines. Systems of first-order conservation laws that are Hamiltonian with respect to such operators are also explicitly found. The geometry and integrability of the systems is discussed in detail.
Influence of the ambipolar field on the formation of electron phase flows in the positive column of a glow discharge in a nitrogen-like gas
Authors: Yao Jingfeng , Chai Yan , Yuan Chengxun , Bogdanov Eugene A , Kudryavtsev Anatoly A , Chu Zhijia , Wang Ying , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: September 2023

The formation of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and phase flows of electrons in the plasma of a positive column of a glow discharge in a model gas with strong vibrational excitation, similar to molecular nitrogen, is analyzed in a wide pressure range. It is found that the traditional local approximation for calculating the EEDF can only be used at medium gas pressures, when the characteristic size of the plasma volume exceeds electron energy relaxation length in the entire range of electron energies. With a decrease in gas pressure, a new phenomenon is discovered—merging the phase flow streamlines into a single line on the coordinate-energy phase plane in the energy region of the of vibrational excitation threshold. It is shown that the combination of a strong electron sink at the threshold of vibrational excitation and the deceleration of electrons in an ambipolar field lead to a practical ‘vanishing’ of the component of the phase electron flux upward in energy. As a result, the streamlines of electron phase flow approach to some approximately straight line of constant kinetic energy close to the threshold energy of vibrational excitation. The formation of this feature on the phase plane correlates with the predominant escape to the walls of electrons with kinetic energy equal to the threshold of vibrational excitation.
Color Transformations of Photometric Measurements of Galaxies in Optical and Near-infrared Wide-field Imaging Surveys*
Authors: Toptun Victoria A. , Chilingarian Igor V. , Grishin Kirill A. , Katkov Ivan Yu.
Published: September 2023

Over the past 2 decades, wide-field photometric surveys in optical and infrared domains reached a nearly all-sky coverage thanks to numerous observational facilities operating in both hemispheres. However, subtle differences among exact realizations of Johnson and SDSS photometric systems require one to convert photometric measurements into the same system prior to analysis of composite data sets originating from multiple surveys. It turns out that the published photometric transformations lead to substantial biases when applied to integrated photometry of galaxies from the corresponding catalogs. Here we present photometric transformations based on piece-wise linear approximations of integrated photometry of galaxies in the optical surveys SDSS, DECaLS, BASS, MzLS, DES, DELVE, KiDS, VST ATLAS, and the near-infrared surveys UKIDSS, UHS, VHS, and VIKING. We validate our transformations by constructing k-corrected color–magnitude diagrams of non-active galaxies and measuring the position and tightness of the “red sequence.” We also provide transformations for aperture magnitudes and show how they are affected by the image quality difference among the surveys. We present the implementation of the derived transformations in python and idl and also a web-based color transformation calculator for galaxies. By comparing DECaLS and DES, we identified systematic issues in DECaLS photometry for extended galaxies, which we attribute to the photometric software package used by DECaLS. As an application of our method, we compiled two multi-wavelength photometric catalogs for over 200,000 low- and intermediate-redshift galaxies originating from CfA FAST and Hectospec spectral archives.
Annotated Coadds: Concise Metrics for Characterizing Survey Cadence and for Discovering Variable and Transient Sources
Authors: Shupe David L. , Masci Frank J. , Chary Ranga Ram , Helou George , Faisst Andreas L. , Cutri Roc M. , Brooke Tim Y. , Surace Jason A , Marsh Ken A
Published: September 2023

In order to study transient phenomena in the Universe, existing and forthcoming imaging surveys are covering wide areas of sky repeatedly over time, with a range of cadences, point spread functions, and depths. We describe here a framework that allows an efficient search for different types of time-varying astrophysical phenomena in current and future, large data repositories. We first present a methodology to generate and store key survey parameters that enable researchers to determine if a survey, or a combination of surveys, allows specific time-variable astrophysical phenomena to be discovered. To facilitate further exploration of sources in regions of interest, we then generate a few sample metrics that capture the essential brightness characteristics of a sky pixel at a specific wavelength. Together, we refer to these as “annotated coadds.” The techniques presented here for WISE/NEOWISE-R data are sensitive to 10% brightness variations at around 12th Vega magnitude at 4.5 μm wavelength. Application of the technique to Zwicky Transient Factory data also enabled the detection of 0.5 mag variability at 20 AB mag in the r-band. We demonstrate the capabilities of these metrics for different classes of sources: high proper-motion stars, periodic variable stars, and supernovae, and find that each metric has its advantages depending on the nature of variability. We also present a data structure which will ease the search for temporally varying phenomena in future surveys.
Ultra-broadband acoustic ventilation barrier based on multi-cavity resonators
Authors: Xu 许 Yu-Wei 雨薇 , Guan 管 Yi-Jun 义钧 , Wu 吴 Cheng-Hao 成昊 , Ge 葛 Yong 勇 , Si 司 Qiao-Rui 乔瑞 , Yuan 袁 Shou-Qi 寿其 , Sun 孙 Hong-Xiang 宏祥
Published: September 2023

The numerical simulations and experimental results of an ultra-broadband acoustic ventilation barrier composed of periodic unit cells are reported in this paper. Based on multiple mechanisms, including sound absorption by eigenmodes of the unit cell and sound reflection by a plate structure on upper surface of the unit cell, a single-layer ventilation barrier with broadband sound reduction is designed, and its working bandwidth can reach about 1560 Hz. The experimental results accord well with the simulation results. Furthermore, two types of three-layer ventilation barriers are designed and demonstrated by using the unit cells with different values of a (the length of the hollow square region) and w (the width of the channel between the adjacent cavities), and the bandwidths of both ventilation barriers can increase to 3160 Hz and 3230 Hz, respectively. The designed barrier structures have the advantages of ultra-broadband sound reduction and ventilation, which paves the way to designing high-performance ventilation barriers for the applications in environmental protection and architectural acoustics.
Effects of irradiation on superconducting properties of small-grained MgB2 thin films
Authors: Liu 刘 Li 丽 , Min Lee Jung , Han Yoonseok , Song Jaegu , Kim Chorong , Suk Jaekwon , Nam Kang Won , Liu 刘 Jie 杰 , Jung Soon-Gil , Park Tuson
Published: September 2023

We investigate the effect of ion irradiation on MgB2 thin films with small grains of approximately 122 nm and 140 nm. The flux pinning by grain boundaries is insignificant in the pristine MgB2 films due to good inter-grain connectivity, but is significantly improved after 120-keV Mn–ion irradiation. The scaling behavior of the flux pinning force density for the ion-irradiated MgB2 thin films with nanoscale grains demonstrates the predominance of pinning by grain boundaries, in contrast to the single-crystalline MgB2 films where normal point pinning was dominant after low-energy ion irradiation. These results suggest that irradiation-induced defects can accumulate near the grain boundaries in metallic MgB2 superconductors.
Internal collision double ionization of molecules driven by co-rotating two-color circularly polarized laser pulses
Authors: Li 李 Xue-Feng 雪峰 , Qiao 乔 Yue 月 , Wu 吴 Dan 丹 , Yu 蔚 Rui-Xian 瑞贤 , Chen 陈 Ji-Gen 基根 , Wang 王 Jun 俊 , Guo 郭 Fu-Ming 福明 , Yang 杨 Yu-Jun 玉军
Published: September 2023

The double ionization process of molecules driven by co-rotating two-color circularly polarized fields is investigated with a three-dimensional classical ensemble model. Numerical results indicate that a considerable part of the sequential double ionization (DI) events of molecules occur through internal collision double ionization (ICD), and the ICD recollision mechanism is significantly different from that in non-sequential double ionization (NSDI). By analyzing the results of internuclear distances R = 5 a.u. and 2 a.u., these two recollision mechanisms are studied in depth. It is found that the dynamic behaviors of the recollision mechanisms of NSDI and ICD are similar. For NSDI, the motion range of electrons after the ionization is relatively large, and the electrons will return to the core after a period of time. In the ICD process, electrons will rotate around the parent ion before ionization, and the distance of the electron motion is relatively small. After a period of time, the electrons will come back to the core and collide with another electron. Furthermore, the molecular internuclear distance has a significant effect on the electron dynamic behavior of the two ionization mechanisms. This study will help to understand the multi-electron ionization process of complex systems.
Galaxy Morphology Classification Using a Semi-supervised Learning Algorithm Based on Dynamic Threshold
Authors: Jiang Jie , Zhang Jinqu , Li Xiangru , Li Hui , Du Ping
Published: September 2023

Machine learning has become a crucial technique for classifying the morphology of galaxies as a result of the meteoric development of galactic data. Unfortunately, traditional supervised learning has significant learning costs since it needs a lot of labeled data to be effective. FixMatch, a semi-supervised learning algorithm that serves as a good method, is now a key tool for using large amounts of unlabeled data. Nevertheless, the performance degrades significantly when dealing with large, imbalanced data sets since FixMatch relies on a fixed threshold to filter pseudo-labels. Therefore, this study proposes a dynamic threshold alignment algorithm based on the FixMatch model. First, the class with the highest amount has its reliable pseudo-label ratio determined, and the remaining classes’ reliable pseudo-label ratios are approximated in accordance. Second, based on the predicted reliable pseudo-label ratio for each category, it dynamically calculates the threshold for choosing pseudo-labels. By employing this dynamic threshold, the accuracy bias of each category is decreased and the learning of classes with less samples is improved. Experimental results show that in galaxy morphology classification tasks, compared with supervised learning, the proposed algorithm significantly improves performance. When the amount of labeled data is 100, the accuracy and F1-score are improved by 12.8% and 12.6%, respectively. Compared with popular semi-supervised algorithms such as FixMatch and MixMatch, the proposed algorithm has better classification performance, greatly reducing the accuracy bias of each category. When the amount of labeled data is 1000, the accuracy of cigar-shaped smooth galaxies with the smallest sample is improved by 37.94% compared to FixMatch.
Traceable methods for calibrating condensation particle counters at concentrations down to 1 cm−3
Authors: Sakurai Hiromu , Murashima Yoshiko , Iida Kenjiro , Wälchli Christian , Auderset Kevin , Vasilatou Konstantina
Published: September 2023

The concentration of nanometer-sized particles is frequently measured in terms of particle number concentration using well-established measuring instruments, such as condensation particle counters (CPCs). Traceability for these measurements can be achieved by means of calibration against a reference aerosol electrometer starting at concentrations >1000 cm−3. Here, two independent methods for extending traceability down to 1 cm−3 are described. The first method relies on a custom-made, reference optical particle counter while the second method combines electrometer measurements with a series of dilution steps. An inter-comparison of the two methods was carried out using polystyrene spheres with a nominal diameter of 100 nm in the concentration range 1 cm−3–100 cm−3. A CPC Model 3752 (TSI Inc, USA) was used as transfer standard. The obtained results showed a deviation of 1%–4% between the two methods, which was in agreement with the stated uncertainties.
The effects of anisotropic pressure on plasma displacement and its deviation from flux surfaces
Authors: Moen T.E. , Suzuki Y.
Published: September 2023

A significant impact of pressure anisotropy on the plasma displacement associated with ideal Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability is found. A heliotron plasma, such as a large helical device plasma, is analyzed. Simulations are performed using the equilibrium solver Anisotropic Neumann Inverse Moments Equilibrium Code and the ideal MHD stability code TERPSICHORE. Both codes provide a treatment of the pressure anisotropy by the bi-Maxwellian model. The ratio of hot particle pressure to total pressure

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. These results provide insight on the effect of external heating schemes on MHD stability.
Atomic collisional data for neutral beam modeling in fusion plasmas
Authors: Hill C. , Dipti  , Heinola K. , Dubois A. , Sisourat N. , Taoutioui A. , Agueny H. , Tőkési K. , Ziaeian I. , Illescas C. , Jorge A. , Méndez L. , Kadyrov A.S. , Antonio N.W. , Kotian A.M. , Kirchner T. , Leung A.C.K. , Ko J. , Lee J.K. , Marchuk O. , O’Mullane M.G. , Litherland-Smith E. , Pokol G.I. , Asztalos O. , Balazs P. , Wu Y. , Jia C.C. , Liu L. , Wang J.G.
Published: September 2023

The injection of energetic neutral particles into the plasma of magnetic confinement fusion reactors is a widely-accepted method for heating such plasmas; various types of neutral beam are also used for diagnostic purposes. Accurate atomic data are required to properly model beam penetration into the plasma and to interpret photoemission spectra from both the beam particles themselves (e.g. beam emission spectroscopy) and from plasma impurities with which they interact (e.g. charge exchange recombination spectroscopy). This paper reviews and compares theoretical methods for calculating ionization, excitation and charge exchange cross sections applied to several important processes relevant to neutral hydrogen beams, including H + Be4+ and H + H+. In particular, a new cross section for the proton-impact ionization of H (1s) is recommended which is significantly larger than that previously accepted at fusion-relevant energies. Coefficients for an empirical fit function to this cross section and to that of the first excited states of H are provided and uncertainties estimated. The propagation of uncertainties in this cross section in modeling codes under JET-like conditions has been studied and the newly-recommended values determined to have a significant effect on the predicted beam attenuation. In addition to accurate calculations of collisional atomic data, the use of these data in codes modeling beam penetration and photoemission for fusion-relevant plasma density and temperature profiles is discussed. In particular, the discrepancies in the modeling of impurities are reported. The present paper originates from a Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on the topic of fundamental atomic data for neutral beam modeling that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) ran from 2017 to 2022; this project brought together ten research groups in the fields of fusion plasma modeling and collisional cross section calculations. Data calculated during the CRP is summarized in an appendix and is available online in the IAEA’s atomic database, CollisionDB.
Design of an optimized load-resilient conjugate T for the ICRH system in the LHD using a novel hybrid circuit/3DLHDAP code and experimental results
Authors: Du D. , Saito K. , Kwak J.G. , Seki T. , Kasahara H. , Seki R. , Nomura G. , Yang Q.X. , Zhou H. , Hu S.X. , Huang Z.W. , Gong X.Y. , Gao Z.K. , Xiang D. , Kanda M.
Published: September 2023

It is crucial to correctly predict the S-matrix with plasma and set the optimal impedance matching device in the ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) antenna system design. In this paper, a hybrid circuit/3DLHDAP code to verify the S-matrix measurements in the presence of plasma and optimize the load-resilient conjugate-T circuit for Large Helical Device (LHD) ICRH antennas has been developed and benchmarked. The variation of S-matrices for handshake form (HAS) and field-aligned-impedance-transforming (FAIT) antenna systems with density, magnetic field and coupling distance during heating obtained by the code’s simulations agrees with that of with the LHD ICRH experiments. The mutual coupling of toroidally aligned HAS antennas is larger than that of poloidally aligned FAIT antennas over a wide range of densities. When the density and coupling distance increase, under a magnetic field on the magnetic axis of 2.75 T and 1.0 T, within a certain density change range, at the minimum voltage position with vacuum injection, the change rule of the antennas’ Sa_minV_

11 and Sa_minV_

22 with density is opposite to that with coupling distance, which means that under certain conditions, adjusting the coupling distance may make up for the S-parameters changes caused by plasma density variation, keeping the minimum voltage position fixed, and may make impedance matching easier to achieve during long-pulse operation. Based on obtaining the S parameters, conjugate-T circuits for the HAS and FAIT antennas are designed with the hybrid circuit/3DLHDAP code, which can keep the reflection coefficients low without controlling impedance matching device over a wide range of plasma parameters region. The related results in this paper may provide some guidance for the high-power long-pulse operation of the ICRH antenna system on the fusion device.
Optimization of the equilibrium magnetic sensor set for the SPARC tokamak
Authors: Stewart I.G. , Granetz R.S. , Myers C.E. , Paz-Soldan C. , Sweeney R. , Hansen C.J. , Garnier D.T. , Battaglia D.J. , Creely A.J. , Reinke M.L.
Published: September 2023

Accurate reconstruction of the plasma equilibrium is imperative for successful operation of the SPARC tokamak. In order to assess the expected reconstruction accuracy throughout the duration of design-point discharges, the EFIT equilibrium reconstruction code was deployed for SPARC. Reconstructions from SPARC baseline scenarios were compared with free-boundary equilibria generated by FreeGS, Toksys, and the Tokamak Simulation Code. The key geometric areas of interest, where design constraints are imposed, included: the inner and outer midplane gaps, the X-point locations, as well as the strike point locations. Successful reconstructions of various reference discharges, using deviations in these key geometric quantities as metrics, were calculated from synthetic signals considering an optimized equilibrium magnetic sensor set. The optimization process for this sensor set combined a scan of randomized sensor placement with a linear perturbation analysis to determine critical sensor locations, while simultaneously conforming to design constraints on the sensor placement. This optimized set was also successful in performing equilibrium reconstructions with the addition of error to synthetic measurements of magnetic flux and magnetic field, as well as contributions from eddy currents in conducting structures. These methods represent a workflow of optimization and validation that balances the engineering constraints of sensor placement with achieving sufficient reconstruction fidelity for science and operations missions for SPARC.
Displacement Measurement of Shaking Table Experiments Based on Binocular Vision and Subpixel Optimization
Authors: Xu Haoran , He Junze , Zhu Junru , Wang Yanhua
Published: September 2023

The shaking table experiment is a very useful tool to assess the seismic performance of structural models. However, there are many shortcomings in traditional displacement measurement methods. In this research, a binocular vision algorithm for accurately extracting the subpixel center of the circular target based on elliptic fitting is proposed. Firstly, the images are collected by two high-speed cameras and pre-processed to enhance their brightness and contrast. Then, an improved subpixel optimization method based on the Zernike moments and Canny operator is adopted to get accurate localization of extracted target points’ three-dimension coordinates. After comparing the displacement of target points with laser sensors, the results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high-precision displacement measurements and overcomes the problems that traditional methods hold.
Design of displacement detection system for differential inductance sensor
Authors: He Zhian , Fan Shixun , Xing Lihua , Cheng Ning
Published: September 2023

To improve the resolution of displacement detection of the differential inductance sensor and meet the requirement of real-time, that is, high output bandwidth of displacement detection system, a displacement detection system of differential inductance sensor was designed based on the Zynq-7020 platform. The PL terminal (FPGA) of Zynq 7020 is used to generate the sensor excitation signal, collect the sensor probe displacement signal, digital phase-lock amplification and demodulation of the sensor, and transmit the original shift signal and the displacement signal after demodulation at the PS terminal (ARM). The measurement error can be reduced by using the band-pass filter to pretreat the signal before the digital phase-locked amplifier. According to the experimental results, the resolution of the demodulated displacement signal can reach more than 0.0028%FS, and the nonlinear error can reach 0.0278%FS after smooth approximation fitting.
Tibetan text classification based on graph convolutional network
Authors: Xia Xiaotian , Cao Hui , Li Yueying , Song Quan
Published: September 2023

In this study of Tibetan text classification based on graph convolutional networks, the text graph is first constructed for the Tibetan news corpus based on word-word relations and word-document relations using the constructive relations of Tibetan words and documents, then initialized using the unique thermal representations of words and documents. The embeddings of words and documents are learned using graph convolutional networks under the supervision of the training set of documents, and finally, the text classification problem is transformed into a node classification problem. The graph convolutional network achieves an accuracy of 68.45 % on the Tibetan text classification task, which is higher than other baseline models. In this paper, two comparative experiments are designed to illustrate the effectiveness of graph convolutional networks on Tibetan text classification, which helps people to solve the problem of confusing information in Tibetan texts.
Optimization of WLS fiber readout for the HERD calorimeter
Authors: Liu X. , Quan Z. , Dong Y.W. , Xu M. , Wang J.J. , Wang R.J. , Wang Z.G. , Cui X.Z. , Bao T.W. , Liao C.L. , Han J.F. , Chen Y.
Published: September 2023

A novel 3-D calorimeter, composed of about 7500 LYSO cubes, is the key and crucial detector of the High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility to be installed onboard the China Space Station. Energy deposition from cosmic ray in each LYSO cube is translated by multiple wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers for multi-range data acquisition and real-time triggering.

In this study, various methods of surface finish and encapsulation of the LYSO cube were investigated to optimize the amplitude from the WLS fiber end with the aim of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of Intensified scientific CMOS (IsCMOS) collection. The LYSO cube with five rough surfaces and a specular reflector achieves the maximum amplitude at the low-range fiber end, which is increased by roughly 44% compared to the polished cube with PTFE wrapping.

The non-uniformity of amplitude at different positions on the LYSO cube surface was measured by X-ray and the positional correlation factor was derived for the entire cube. A simulation based on HERD CALO was conducted, which revealed that both the LYSO cube with five rough surfaces and the cube with rough bottom face exhibit superior energy resolution for electrons compared to the other two configurations.