bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectories in suicide attempt method lethality over a five-year period: Associations with suicide attempt repetition, all-cause, and suicide mortality
Authors: Witt Katrina , Pirkis Jane , Scott Debbie , Smith Karen , Lubman Dan
Published: January 2021

It is not known if there are discernible patterns in method lethality over successive episodes of self–harm and, if so, how these may be differentially associated with risks of self–harm repetition and suicide. Latent trajectory modelling estimated variation in patterns of suicide attempt lethality in 1,719 individuals attended by ambulance services on at least three occasions between 2012 and 2016. Cox regression modelling investigated hazards of suicide attempt repetition, all–cause, and suicide mortality as a function of these patterns. Two distinct trajectories provided optimal fit (BIC: –39,464.92). The first (Low/Moderate to Low/Moderate Lethality group; 92.5%) consisted of those consistently using methods associated with low to moderate potential lethality throughout the observation period. The second (High to Low/Moderate Lethality group; 7.5%) consisted of those who initially used methods with higher potential lethality but who switched to methods characterised by lower lethality. There were no significant differences between groups in the hazards of reattempting suicide (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.41, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.59) or all–cause mortality (HR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.63 to 2.32). However, those assigned to the High to Low/Moderate Lethality trajectory group may be at greater risk of suicide (Sub–Hazard Ratio [SHR] = 2.82, 95% CI 1.16 to 6.86). There may be discernible sub–groups of patients with important differences in clinical treatment needs and suicide risk profiles. These differences should be considered when undertaking psychosocial risk/needs assessments with those presenting to clinical services following self-harm.
A comparative study on the use of microscopy in pharmacology and cell biology research
Authors: Reigoto Agatha M. , Andrade Sarah A. , Seixas Marianna C. R. R. , Costa Manoel L. , Mermelstein Claudia
Published: January 2021

Microscopy is the main technique to visualize and study the structure and function of cells. The impact of optical and electron microscopy techniques is enormous in all fields of biomedical research. It is possible that different research areas rely on microscopy in diverse ways. Here, we analyzed comparatively the use of microscopy in pharmacology and cell biology, among other biomedical sciences fields. We collected data from articles published in several major journals in these fields. We analyzed the frequency of use of different optical and electron microscopy techniques: bright field, phase contrast, differential interference contrast, polarization, conventional fluorescence, confocal, live cell imaging, super resolution, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and cryoelectron microscopy. Our analysis showed that the use of microscopy has a distinctive pattern in each research area, and that nearly half of the articles from pharmacology journals did not use any microscopy method, compared to the use of microscopy in almost all the articles from cell biology journals. The most frequent microscopy methods in all the journals in all areas were bright field and fluorescence (conventional and confocal). Again, the pattern of use was different: while the most used microscopy methods in pharmacology were bright field and conventional fluorescence, in cell biology the most used methods were conventional and confocal fluorescence, and live cell imaging. We observed that the combination of different microscopy techniques was more frequent in cell biology, with up to 6 methods in the same article. To correlate the use of microscopy with the research theme of each article, we analyzed the proportion of microscopy figures with the use of cell culture. We analyzed comparatively the vocabulary of each biomedical sciences field, by the identification of the most frequent words in the articles. The collection of data described here shows a vast difference in the use of microscopy among different fields of biomedical sciences. The data presented here could be valuable in other scientific and educational contexts.
Derivation and validation of a clinical severity score for acutely ill adults with suspected COVID-19: The PRIEST observational cohort study
Authors: Goodacre Steve , Thomas Ben , Sutton Laura , Burnsall Matthew , Lee Ellen , Bradburn Mike , Loban Amanda , Waterhouse Simon , Simmonds Richard , Biggs Katie , Marincowitz Carl , Schutter Jose , Connelly Sarah , Sheldon Elena , Hall Jamie , Young Emma , Bentley Andrew , Challen Kirsty , Fitzsimmons Chris , Harris Tim , Lecky Fiona , Lee Andrew , Maconochie Ian , Walter Darren
Published: January 2021

Objectives

We aimed to derive and validate a triage tool, based on clinical assessment alone, for predicting adverse outcome in acutely ill adults with suspected COVID-19 infection.

Methods

We undertook a mixed prospective and retrospective observational cohort study in 70 emergency departments across the United Kingdom (UK). We collected presenting data from 22445 people attending with suspected COVID-19 between 26 March 2020 and 28 May 2020. The primary outcome was death or organ support (respiratory, cardiovascular, or renal) by record review at 30 days. We split the cohort into derivation and validation sets, developed a clinical score based on the coefficients from multivariable analysis using the derivation set, and the estimated discriminant performance using the validation set.

Results

We analysed 11773 derivation and 9118 validation cases. Multivariable analysis identified that age, sex, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation/inspired oxygen ratio, performance status, consciousness, history of renal impairment, and respiratory distress were retained in analyses restricted to the ten or fewer predictors. We used findings from multivariable analysis and clinical judgement to develop a score based on the NEWS2 score, age, sex, and performance status. This had a c-statistic of 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.79–0.81) in the validation cohort and predicted adverse outcome with sensitivity 0.98 (0.97–0.98) and specificity 0.34 (0.34–0.35) for scores above four points.

Conclusion

A clinical score based on NEWS2, age, sex, and performance status predicts adverse outcome with good discrimination in adults with suspected COVID-19 and can be used to support decision-making in emergency care.

Registration

ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN28342533, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN28342533
Development of aortic valve stenosis in myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with renal involvement
Authors: Hasegawa Midori , Iwasaki Jin , Sugiyama Satoshi , Ishihara Takuma , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Asada Hiroaki , Koide Shigehisa , Hayashi Hiroki , Takahashi Kazuo , Inaguma Daijo , Yuzawa Yukio , Tsuboi Naotake
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Degenerative aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a chronic progressive disease that resembles atherosclerosis development. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is reportedly associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. This study aimed to examine the development of AS in patients with myeloperoxidase-AAV (MPO-AAV) with renal involvement at more than 1 year after the onset of vasculitis.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of clinical records of MPO-AAV patients with renal involvement without AS at the onset of vasculitis who were treated in three hospitals and three dialysis clinics.

Results

The study included 97 MPO-AAV patients with renal involvement and 230 control patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Among them, 64 patients had AS. The prevalence rates of AS were 28.9% and 15.7% in MPO-AAV and control patients, respectively (p = 0.006). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that MPO-AAV, dialysis dependence, and hypertension were independently associated factors for AS. In MPO-AAV patients, systolic blood pressure was positively significantly associated with AS, whereas glucocorticoid dose of induction therapy was negatively significantly associated. The use of cyclophosphamide tended to be negatively associated with AS. The survival rate was significantly lower for patients with AS than for those without AS.

Conclusions

The AS prevalence rate was significantly higher in MPO-AAV patients at more than 1 year after the onset of vasculitis than in control CKD patients. Therefore, regular monitoring of echocardiography during MPO-AAV treatment is suggested.
The utility of Escherichia coli as a contamination indicator for rural drinking water: Evidence from whole genome sequencing
Authors: Nowicki Saskia , deLaurent Zaydah R. , de Villiers Etienne P. , Githinji George , Charles Katrina J.
Published: January 2021

Across the water sector,Escherichia coliis the preferred microbial water quality indicator and current guidance upholds that it indicates recent faecal contamination. This has been challenged, however, by research demonstrating growth ofE.coliin the environment. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing to investigate the links betweenE.coliand recent faecal contamination in drinking water. We sequenced 103E.coliisolates sampled from 9 water supplies in rural Kitui County, Kenya, including points of collection (n = 14) and use (n = 30). Biomarkers for definitive source tracking remain elusive, so we analysed the phylogenetic grouping, multi-locus sequence types (MLSTs), allelic diversity, and virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of the isolates for insight into their likely source. Phylogroup B1, which is generally better adapted to water environments, is dominant in our samples (n = 69) and allelic diversity differences (z = 2.12, p = 0.03) suggest that naturalised populations may be particularly relevant at collection points with lowerE.coliconcentrations (<50 / 100mL). The strains that are more likely to have originated from human and/or recent faecal contamination (n = 50), were found at poorly protected collection points (4 sites) or at points of use (12 sites). We discuss the difficulty of interpreting health risk fromE.coligrab samples, especially at household level, and our findings support the use ofE.colirisk categories and encourage monitoring that accounts for sanitary conditions and temporal variability.
Dirección y gestión de empresas del sector turístico
Authors: Navarro Jurado Enrique
Published: January 2021

Reseña de: Dirección y gestión de empresas del sector turístico. Inmaculada Martín Rojo, 2020. Ediciones Pirámide. ISBN 978-84-368-4326-2. 6.ª edición. 456 páginas.
Competencias turísticas de los municipios. Régimen jurídico del municipio turístico en la República Argentina
Authors: Del Busto Gilardoni Eugenio
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es efectuar un análisis del municipio y sus relaciones con el turismo, sus competencias y el régimen del municipio turístico, desde la perspectiva jurídica, en la República Argentina. Comienza con el estudio del rol del municipio, su régimen y la atribución de competencias en la Constitución Nacional. Analiza, en las diferentes Constituciones provinciales y en las leyes orgánicas de municipios, la atribución de competencias en turismo en estos entes y diferentes sus potestades, ya sean aquellas específicas destinadas a la regulación de la actividad, así como otras que indirectamente, aunque con gran incidencia, afectan su desarrollo. Luego aborda las competencias de los municipios en la normativa provincial del turismo, tanto de carácter general (leyes provinciales de turismo) como sectorial (normativa de alojamiento, de turismo rural y de aventura, etc.). Posteriormente estudia la atribución de competencias en el ordenamiento jurídico municipal, a través de su Carta Orgánica Municipal. Se conceptualiza al municipio turístico y describen sus características para luego examinar la normativa turística provincial en la que se establecen sus potestades. Concluye con algunas consideraciones sobre el régimen jurídico actual del municipio turístico y diferentes propuestas para favorecer su desarrollo respetando la distribución de competencias.
A educação ambiental nos colégios estaduais do campo localizados nos assentamentos organizados pelo MST
Authors: Buczenko Gerson Luiz
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo é um recorte de pesquisa que teve como objeto de estudo os projetos escolares em Educação Ambiental inseridos nos Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos dos colégios estaduais do campo localizados nos assentamentos rurais organizados no MST, no estado do Paraná. O objetivo geral foi investigar como se constitui a Educação Ambiental nos projetos escolares dos colégios estaduais do campo localizados em assentamentos rurais do Paraná. Os objetivos específicos foram assim definidos: compreender a Educação Ambiental no contexto dos projetos escolares; analisar os projetos escolares em Educação Ambiental a partir das concepções conservadora e crítica de Educação Ambiental; analisar os limites e possibilidades da presença da Educação Ambiental nos colégios estaduais dos assentamentos considerando as correntes da educação ambiental.
Sequência didática investigativa sobre nascentes urbanas para ensino fundamental
Authors: Negri-Sakata Vania , Kimura Irene Yukiko
Published: January 2021

O objetivo desse artigo foi investigar o potencial pedagógico de uma sequência didática investigativa (SDI) sobre nascentes urbanas para alunos dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental, buscando sensibilizá-los a respeito da necessidade de preservação das nascentes. A metodologia utilizada teve enfoque na prática de ensino investigativo, de maneira participativa, informativa e dialógica com os alunos durante o processo. A SDI contemplou a tipologia de conteúdos e os seus módulos foram articulados e distribuídos em conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais. A SDI apresentou resultado positivo no processo de sensibilização ambiental, pois esta aguçou a criticidade dos alunos, contribuindo para formação de cidadãos reflexivos e conscientes ambientalmente por meio do processo de Educação Ambiental.
“Você tem que estudar para ser alguém na vida?”: a educação do campo como estratégia para qualidade de vida na reserva extrativista marinha Caeté Taperaçu, Bragança-PA
Authors: Pinto Rafaela da Cunha
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo analisa a necessidade de políticas educacionais voltadas para as populações do campo enquanto estratégias de melhoria para a qualidade de vida, considerando-se o cenário educacional de comunidades da Reserva Extrativista Marinha Caeté-Taperaçu-PA. Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, contando com uma revisão bibliográfica, entrevistas não diretivas e análises de experiências em desenvolvimento que promovem a educação ambiental e do campo como alternativas de melhorias para qualidade de vida. A análise educacional traz subsídios para promoção da qualidade de vida das comunidades e ressalta a necessidade de se compreender os limites da educação, os perigos da instrumentalização e a institucionalização como indicador e não como proposta de emancipação. O trabalho propõe reflexões no debate sobre educação do campo e ambiental como potenciais alternativas de organização e desenvolvimento coletivo do espaço rural, especialmente em Reservas Extrativistas.
Mais além do fim do mar
Authors: Rodrigues Beatriz
Published: January 2021

A latência do tempo que é (temporariamente) envelopada em um tubo de negativo 35mm queimado em 2015, na Festa de Iemanjá, na Praia do Cassino. Fotografo estas comemorações à Orixá desde 2010, e em 2014 apresentei parte deste trabalho de documentação anual na exposição individual Mais além do fim do mar, na galeria do Art&stação. Na noite de abertura, projetamos parte do acervo de imagens do projeto, que a cada ano foi crescendo. Em 2015, fotografei a festa pela primeira e única vez em analógico. Os tubos permaneceram mais de um ano fechados, com os químicos sofrendo a ação do tempo, o que promoveu pequenas distorções de cor, micro-linhas e pontos de luz às imagens, pude perceber um tempo depois, quando os levei para revelar. Estes negativos já revelados passaram alguns anos sem serem mexidos/editados. Durante a pandemia, revisitei meus arquivos analógicos, e me deparei com estes filmes que decidiram o seu tempo de vir à público. O processo de positivar a imagem, com scanner caseiro de negativos, trabalhando com os acasos da imagem vista pela primeira vez, me trouxe a sensação do novo e também a memória do vivido, como se um filme estivesse passando pela minha tela mental. Acolhi os riscos na película há tanto tempo guardada, marcada em sua matéria por acasos que desapeguei de tentar controlar, ao longo do processo. São alguns dos profundos mergulhos no útero azul que o arquétipo da grande mãe, Iemanjá, tem me proporcionado.
Chuvas na cidade de Rio Grande (RS)
Authors: Nobrega Ferreira Felipe , Duarte Pedroso Ticiano , Ferreira da Silva Gabriel
Published: January 2021

Pouco explorado no campo da Educação Ambiental (EA), o conceito de Clima é apresentado a partir do viés da Cultura. Tal abordagem leva em consideração o trabalho desenvolvido por Michael Hulme, tendo como finalidade a interpretação e sugestão de uma alternativa para a inserção do tema das Mudanças Climáticas junto à EA. Isso é realizado através de um aporte teórico-metodológico construído para investigações sobre fenômenos climáticos, e aqui demonstrado a partir de um levantamento de dados coletados na cidade do Rio Grande (RS) e o impacto das chuvas nessa comunidade. Serão problematizados os resultados parciais da pesquisa, e o primeiro conjunto de interpretações que podem criar horizontes para o debate das Mudanças Climáticas em uma escala local.
Apresentação do Dossiê Fenômenos ambientais costeiros em tempos de mudanças ambientais globais
Authors: De Freitas José Vicente , Regina Lestinge Sandra , Ribombo Grupo de Pesquisa
Published: January 2021

Apresentamos ao público o presente dossiê temático composto por 10 artigos e 1 Mostra Fotográfica que abordam as mudanças ambientais globais a partir de enfoques diversos, leque que nos proporciona a real dimensão do alcance das preocupações que o tema advoga. Foram acolhidos textos de pesquisadores(as) com diferentes níveis de experiência investigativa e oriundos de distintas áreas do conhecimento. Para nossa alegria e honra, a oportunidade do dossiê viabilizou a participação de especialistas dos dois lados do Atlântico, envolvendo pesquisadores e instituições brasileiros e portugueses, reforçando assim um espaço coletivo de trabalho que vem se constituindo pela Rede Braspor (Rede de Pesquisadores Brasileiros e Portugueses dedicados aos estudos costeiros).
Methane detection in the lower troposphere related to the burning of biomass and leakage in a petrochemical pole, using raman lidar technique
Authors: Macedo Fernanda De Mendonça , Correa Thaís , Araújo Elaine Cristina , Andrade Izabel Da Silva , Guardani Roberto , Veselovskii Igor , Landulfo Eduardo
Published: January 2021

As emissões fugitivas, definidas como vazamentos não intencionais ou irregulares de gases e vapores, são uma importante fonte de poluentes para a atmosfera, de difícil monitoramento e controle. Essas fontes estão presentes em diferentes locais, especialmente em regiões que estão crescendo em tamanho e atividade econômica. Neste estudo, apresentamos os resultados da capacidade de detectar perfis de metano na baixa troposfera combinando correlações de recuperação de dados entre um Raman lidar rotacional / vibracional (RVRL) e um espectrômetro de cavidade ressonante (CRDS). As medidas foram realizadas nas regiões metropolitanas de São Paulo (RMSP) e Cubatão. O lidar é baseado em um laser Nd: YAG triplo com uma taxa de repetição de 20 Hz, operando no canal elástico de comprimento de onda de 355 nm e em canais inelásticos de comprimento de onda de 353 nm e 396 nm. Um protocolo de medida foi estabelecido, considerando o tempo de aquisição para o acúmulo do sinal, as condições climáticas e os dados acima e abaixo da camada limite planetária. A ideia era estabelecer procedimentos de medidas específicas para situações relacionadas a vazamento de produtos no processo de óleo cru e eventos naturais, como a queima de biomassa. Com mais de 150 horas de aquisição de dados, os resultados apontaram a possibilidade de análise em distâncias de até 1500 m com resolução inicial de 7,5 m que foi ampliada para 100 - 300 m após suavização dos dados para obtenção dos resultados finais. A concentração foi calculada a partir da razão entre o sinal de retroespalhamento Raman do metano e o sinal do nitrogênio, a 396 nm e 353 nm, respectivamente. A variação temporal das concentrações de metano foi correlacionada com os dados do CRDS, a fim de obter uma calibração de primeiro grau.
Problems of Long-Term Archiving of Digital Resources on the Example of the CREDO Project
Authors: Pałka Piotr , Śliwiński Tomasz , Traczyk Tomasz
Published: January 2021

Long-term archiving of digital resources is a serious problem that has not yet found sufficient attention from the IT industry, nor widely available solutions. Preservation of usability of stored resources in the digital archive requires not only reliable storage of data files, but also the possibility of efficient searching, as well as verification of data authenticity and its correct interpretation both in the technical (data format, etc.), and semantic sense (information understanding in an appropriate context, etc.). The paper discusses these problems and presents solutions adopted in the CREDO project.
Device Recognition and Detection of Unauthorized Electricity Consumption Based on Voltage Measurement
Authors: Kowalczuk Zdzisław , Grzegorek Marek
Published: January 2021

The paper examines the problem of detecting unauthorized energy consumption from the electric network by identifying connected devices. The estimation of the network condition, understood as a set of connected systems, together with a set list of approved devices, allows to determine whether an unauthorized consumption is taking place at a given moment. In order to detect devices, it is proposed to use a simple method based on the analysis of high-frequency electromagnetic noise (EMI) induced in the supply voltage signal. This solution allows for central measurement in one place – without the need to install sensors in numerous points of potential current consumption. Based on the measurement data of the EMI signal, a simulator was implemented that synthesized data resembling actual spectrograms. Thanks to the use of the simulator, it is possible to obtain information about the state of the network in various configurations in order to carry out the detector design procedure using supervised learning, which is also presented in the paper.
Nonlinearity Correction in Dynamic Measuring Devices Using Neural Network Models
Authors: Rawashdeh Laith , Zakharov Igor , Zaporozhets Oleg
Published: January 2021

A neural network compensator for the nonlinearity of a dynamic measuring instrument is proposed, which allows restoring the value of the measured input signal. The inverse model of a nonlinear dynamic measuring device is implemented based on a three-layer perceptron supplemented by delay lines of input signals. The properties of the proposed neural network compensator are studied through simulation computer modelling using various types of calibration input signals for the training of an artificial neural network.
Organic fertilization as an alternative to the chemical in cherry tomato growing under irrigation depths
Authors: De Matos Rigoberto Moreira , Silva Patrícia Ferreira da , Neto José Dantas , Lima Antônio Suassuna de , Lima Vera Lucia Antunes de , Saboya Luciano Marcelo Fallé
Published: January 2021

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of organic fertilization as an alternative to the chemical on the yield and quality of cherry tomato grown under different irrigation depths in protected environment, in 2013 and 2014. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (5 x 3 factor), with five irrigation depths as the factors (70%, 85%, 100%, 115% and 130% of ETc) and three types of fertilization: no fertilized soil (control), NPK fertilized soil (Chemical) and earthworm humus fertilized soil (organic). The following were evaluated in this study: water use efficiency, number of aborted flowers, total soluble solid content, transverse and longitudinal diameter of the fruits, number of fruits and fruit yield per plant. Organic fertilization is an alternative to the chemical with no losses in yield and fruit quality. The increase in water depth enhanced yield and fruit diameters and reduced water use efficiency. Water use efficiency was more sensitive to the increments in water depth than to different types of fertilization. The values ​​of °Brix obtained in the experiment were classified as acceptable for the domestic and international market when submitted to organic fertilization.
Evaluation of apical transportation and apical root sealing in root canals prepared with mtwo rotary system with and without apical enlargement – an in vitro study
Authors: Albino Souza Matheus , De Carli João Paulo , Tolfo Rodrigues Fernando , Piuco Larissa , Frick Bischoff Karolina , Bervian Juliane , Zandoná Julia , Marta Doffo Winocur Estela , De Jesus Soares Adriana
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate apical transportation and apical root canal sealing after root canal filling in human teeth prepared with MTwo® Rotary System with and without apical foramen enlargement. Twenty mandibular premolars were divided into two groups (n=10). Group 1 had root canals prepared 1mm beyond the apical foramen. Group 2 had root canals prepared 1mm below the root canal length. After chemo-mechanical preparation, samples were submitted to scanning electronic microscopy. Apical foramen images had 75x magnification at standardized positions, allowing measurements from the apical foramen area before and after root canal preparation, and after root canal filling. Apical foramen shape and apical transportation, as well as its level of circumferential filling after root canal preparation were accessed using the Image Subtraction System. Scanning electronic microscopy analysis demonstrated that samples of Group 1 showed larger foraminal diameter than samples of Group 2 (p<0.05). Apical foramen transportation was statistically different between Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.0108). Furthermore, the apical foramen sealing also differed statistically between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.0007) and 100% of samples of Group 1 showed apical root canal sealing. Apical root canal sealing was more effective when the root canal was prepared with apical foramen enlargement, even when the apical transportation was detected.
The Old Yellow Meeting House in Upper Freehold, New Jersey: An Important Historic Landmark
Authors: Hammond Joseph W.
Published: January 2021

This article establishes when the Old Yellow Meeting House was first constructed, determines when the building was enlarged and rebuilt, outlines its history in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and evaluates efforts in recent decades to preserve and repair this important landmark structure.
Henrietta Crawford: Radical Black Evangelist in Post-Civil War New Jersey
Authors: Johnson James Elton
Published: January 2021

Representing Black feminisms of the so-called, “First Wave era of American feminism,” forgotten icon Henrietta Crawford impacted Black political representation in southern New Jersey during the post-Civil War decades. As a noted evangelist, universal suffragist, Black community organizer, Civil Rights activist, homemaker, and intergenerational caregiver for minor dependents, Crawford crafted an intersectional legacy worthy of commemorative re-remembrance.  Collectively, scattered bits and pieces of information recorded over the past eighty years in newspapers and in recent scholarly accounts offer an incoherent combination of disparate hints at Henrietta’s historical significance. Buttressed, however, by historical insight, contemporary newspaper accounts, Civil War pension file records, real estate deed transactions, federal and state census records, vital statistics data, the evidentiary record sheds light on Crawford’s important role in the operation of historically significant Mt. Pisgah [U.A.M.E.] Church in Vineland and her associated development and implementation of important social justice initiatives. In 1948, a fifty-year commemorative notation about James and Henrietta Crawford’s 1898 departure from Vineland was published in the Daily Journal newspaper. Twenty-five years later “New Jersey Mother of the Year Award” recipient Rebecca Lassiter noted the Crawfords' important role in her life as foster parents. In year seventy-three since the Daily Journal’s acknowledgement, this essay conveys Henrietta Crawford’s legacy to students, scholars, and the general readership for current and future generations. As the present confluence of national political and economic crises resolves within an encapsulating global pandemic that is exacerbating socio-economic inequalities, Crawford’s life and record offers a critical example of faith-based social-justice activism and the seamless role of African American women in American history.
The President and the Plague
Authors: Riccards Michael P.
Published: January 2021

Our “Research Notes” section was inaugurated to allow scholars to share their works in progress and solicit feedback from others in the NJ History community. All are welcome to contribute- simply send submissions for inclusion in future issues to the editor (mziobro@monmouth.edu).  Beginning with our Winter 2021 issue, we are listing each note individually rather than in one document. In this note, Michael P. Riccards explores how Woodrow Wilson faced similar problems in 1918-1919 with that pandemic, and his response was very different from Donald Trump.
The Princeton Fugitive Slave: The Trials of James Collins Johnson
Authors: Schmidt Ashley
Published: January 2021

The Princeton Fugitive Slave: The Trials of James Collins Johnson, reviewed by Ashley Schmidt
Il recupero delle terre incolte e abbandonate. La “nuova stagione” legislativa italiana fra obiettivi ambientali e promozione dell’accesso alla terra da parte dei giovani
Authors: Strambi Giuliana
Published: January 2021

Il recupero delle terre incolte e abbandonate in Italia ha vissuto diverse stagioni a partire dal primo dopoguerra, con esiti non sempre soddisfacenti. Il presente scritto mira ad evidenziare i motivi della recente rinascita dell’interesse per la questione da parte delle Regioni, le quali sono tornate a disciplinare l’istituto dell’assegnazione delle terre incolte e abbandonate nel nuovo contesto della disciplina delle cosiddette “banche della terra”. Sulla scia dell’intervento regionale, che presenta dichiarate finalità ambientali, si è mosso anche il legislatore statale, con la creazione di “banche della terra” che mirano ad offrire opportunità di accesso alla terra ai giovani, soprattutto nelle aree del sud Italia, anche per arginare il problema della senilizzazione del settore agricolo. L’articolo, oltre ad analizzare le diverse discipline, inquadrandole anche nel contesto delle politiche europee per l’uso razionale delle risorse naturali e per lo sviluppo delle aree rurali marginali, ne evidenzierà le criticità.
Informacja o braku zawartości określonych substancji w żywności w regulacjach prawa żywnościowego
Authors: Wojciechowski Paweł
Published: January 2021

This article presents general requirements laid down in food law regarding information on the absence of specific substances in food. The author noted, among other things, that the fact that not uniform solutions for certain types of designations (e.g. sugar-free, gluten-free) are adopted demonstrates the lack of a coherent EU legislator’s policy in this area. As a result, the consumer’s interests are not adequately protected. Given the variety of regulations, this leads at times to “statutory misrepresentation.” Hence the call for unification of regulations informing about the absence of specific substances in food.
Modelli di agricoltura “sostenibile” con particolare attenzione al settore vitivinicolo
Authors: Cristiani Eloisa
Published: January 2021

Il 25 settembre 2015, le Nazioni unite hanno approvato l’Agenda 2030 per lo sviluppo sostenibile indicando 17 Obiettivi (Sustainable Development Goals – SDGs nell’acronimo inglese), articolati in 169 Target da raggiungere entro il 2030 tra i quali compare la promozione di un’agricoltura sostenibile. Questo nuovo modello di crescita mette in luce il ruolo chiave dell’agricoltura nell’attenuazione dei cambiamenti climatici e nell’adattamento ad essi. Alla Conferenza di Marrakech (novembre 2016) delle Nazioni Unite sui cambiamenti climatici (COP22), è emersa la necessità di “mettere l’agricoltura al centro degli interventi sul clima”: se è vero infatti che l’agricoltura contribuisce per quasi il 20% alle emissioni di gas serra, è essa stessa una parte fondamentale della soluzione in termini di mitigazione degli impatti, di esternalità positive per aumentare la resistenza e combattere l’impatto del cambiamento climatico. Ma a quale tipo di agricoltura ci riferiamo? Esiste una definizione condivisa e univoca di agricoltura “sostenibile”, la sola che sembra capace di migliorare la gestione di risorse naturali come l’acqua, di conservare la biodiversità e i servizi eco-sistemici? La scelta del case study dedicato al vino deriva dalla circostanza che in tale settore è possibile individuare oltre 15 forme di disciplinari, protocolli o certificazioni che in qualche modo si richiamano al concetto di “sostenibilità” e intendono comunicarlo al consumatore.
Photovoltaic system optimization by new maximum power point tracking (MPPT) models based on analog components under harsh condition
Authors: Hoang Minh Long
Published: January 2021

Photovoltaic (PV) energy has become a promising energy source because the demand for electrical energy from renewable energy sources is increasing worldwide in recent decades. Due to efficiency issues, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) has been developed to optimize the solar panel’s performance. This paper presents an MPPT model, made up of the analog component, which overcomes traditional MPPT methods’ weakness via the Perturb and observes (P&O) technique. In this case, the PV system includes a PV array, a DC/DC boost converter, a battery, and a load. The proposed method was precisely built and simulated using the Powersim, MATLAB Simulink, and SimCoupler Module. The components of the analog MPPT system were designed practically in detail. The experiment was carried out by using European Efficiency Test 50530, and the results showed the proposed model has higher efficiency over the digital MPPT technique, about 99.99% as maximum. Moreover, MPPT methods were tested under steady-state, irradiation variation, and space conditions to verify the system’s potential capability with PV module Solbian 52L.
The twinned crystal structure of 1,3-phenylenedimethanaminium dibromide, C8H14Br2N2
Authors: Brandt Niklas , Reiss Guido J.
Published: January 2021

C8H14Br2N2, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 9.0331(9) Å, b = 13.4475(14) Å, c = 27.586(3) Å, β = 94.879(9)°, Z = 12, V = 3338.8(6) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0582, wR
ref = 0.0885, T = 290 K.
Co-Designing Visualizations for Information Seeking and Knowledge Management
Authors: Dörk Marian , Müller Boris , Stange Jan-Erik , Herseni Johannes , Dittrich Katja
Published: January 2021

Creativity is a crucial factor in finding novel and useful visualization and interaction techniques, but its emergence is contingent on the right conditions. The focus of visualization research has traditionally been on techniques, and to a lesser degree on the process of creating them with domain experts and end users. This paper focuses on the collaborative design of visualizations for information seeking and knowledge management. The difficult, yet common challenge in any visualization project is to find meaningful visual representations and useful interaction techniques to carry out complex analysis tasks. The unique difficulty for preparing co-design activities for visualization lies in the gap between the abstract nature of data and the concrete form of visual representations. To bridge this gap, our co-design framework for visualization places particular emphasis on actors, activities, and artifacts as categories that expand the focus of visualization design beyond the traditional triad of users, tasks, and data. Drawing from general co-design principles, the framework is developed and validated during the course of two case studies in the context of information management systems and library collection databases. Based on observed patterns during the case studies, practical tactics provide advice on carrying out co-design in information visualization.
The tolerance to stretch is linked with endogenous modulation of pain
Authors: Støve Morten Pallisgaard , Hirata Rogerio Pessoto , Palsson Thorvaldur Skuli
Published: January 2021

Objectives

The effect of stretching on joint range of motion is well documented, and although sensory perception has significance for changes in the tolerance to stretch following stretching the underlining mechanisms responsible for these changes is insufficiently understood. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms on stretch tolerance and to investigate the relationship between range of motion and changes in pain sensitivity.

Methods

Nineteen healthy males participated in this randomized, repeated-measures crossover study, conducted on 2 separate days. Knee extension range of motion, passive resistive torque, and pressure pain thresholds were recorded before, after, and 10 min after each of four experimental conditions; (i) Exercise-induced hypoalgesia, (ii) two bouts of static stretching, (iii) resting, and (iv) a remote, painful stimulus induced by the cold pressor test.

Results

Exercise-induced hypoalgesia and cold pressor test caused an increase in range of motion (p<0.034) and pressure pain thresholds (p<0.027). Moderate correlations in pressure pain thresholds were found between exercise-induced hypoalgesia and static stretch (Rho>0.507, p=0.01) and exercise-induced hypoalgesia and the cold pressor test (Rho=0.562, p=0.01). A weak correlation in pressure pain thresholds and changes in range of motion were found following the cold pressor test (Rho=0.460, p=0.047). However, a potential carryover hypoalgesic effect may have affected the results of the static stretch.

Conclusions

These results suggest that stretch tolerance may be linked with endogenous modulation of pain. Present results suggest, that stretch tolerance may merely be a marker for pain sensitivity which may have clinical significance given that stretching is often prescribed in the rehabilitation of different musculoskeletal pain conditions where reduced endogenous pain inhibition is frequently seen.
Ambulante Notfallbehandlung in der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung – Eine empirische Analyse
Authors: Kopetsch Thomas , Steffen Laura
Published: January 2021

Reorganization of the office-based emergency care system is currently on the political agenda in Germany. Analysing the present situation, the present study makes an empirical comparison between usage of the office-based emergency service and of the competing hospital outpatient departments in different localities, also examining the possible reasons for the differences.

Family doctor density was found to have a negative influence on the number of cases in hospital outpatient departments and a positive influence on the number of cases dealt with by the emergency service of the office-based physicians. Further, the number of hospitals in a county correlates positively with the cases in hospital outpatient departments.
Ein Schuldenerlass als Ende mit Schrecken?
Authors: Hansen Arne , Meyer Dirk
Published: January 2021

The rising debt-to-GDP ratios of the eurozone member states result not least from the coronavirus crisis. Without external support, especially with regard to Italy, but also for other Mediterranean states, access to the capital market could be seriously threatened in the medium run. The recovery fund ‘Next Generation EU’ likely directs the fundamental structures of the European Union (EU) towards a fiscal union with considerable transfer elements, while the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP), which is declared as a monetary policy instrument, is even discussed as a violation of the prohibition of monetary financing. As an alternative, this contribution analyses a debt relief by the European System of Central Banks (ESCB), implemented via an EU debt agency. This construction would avoid a negative equity position of the central banks and also enable a legal integration into the EU system. The question remains: What would be the consequences of such a non-recurring step?
Riester reformieren oder revolutionieren – Das ist hier die Frage
Authors: Hagist Christian
Published: January 2021

Considering the aging process in Germany with fewer young people having to finance more elderly, the government coalition aims to make the voluntary but subsidized Riester pension more attractive. This contribution backs the idea of replacing in parts the pay-as-you-go state pension scheme with a funded component and admonishes the urgency of reform. However, two mistakes are pointed out that have been made due to a lack of political courage: Firstly, the contribution guarantee leads to considerable losses in returns and secondly, the voluntary nature of the funded component leads to adverse selection. Since a reform would presumably not induce the desired renaissance, the proposal is to introduce a fully funded mandatory component.
Ternary-hybrid nanofluids: significance of suction and dual-stretching on three-dimensional flow of water conveying nanoparticles with various shapes and densities
Authors: Elnaqeeb Thanaa , Animasaun Isaac Lare , Shah Nehad Ali
Published: January 2021

Increasing knowledge of hybrid nanofluid can be traced to its unique improvement of thermal performance and enhancement of heat transfer rate as applicable in the dynamics of fuel and coolant in automobiles. However, the case of water-based nanofluid conveying three kinds of nanoparticles (i.e., ternary-hybrid nanofluid) with various shapes and densities is far-fetched. The transport phenomena of water conveying smaller densities nanoparticles (i.e., copper nanotubes, graphene, and aluminum oxide) and substantial large densities of nanoparticles (i.e., copper oxide, copper, and silver) of various types through a rectangular closed domain with major emphasis on the significance of suction and dual stretching was investigated. The dimensional equation that model the aforementioned transport phenomenon, for the two cases, were non-dimenzionalized using appropriate similarity variables, parameterized, and solved numerically using shooting techniques together with fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration scheme and in-built bvp4c package of MATLAB. Enhancement in suction and stretching ratio causes the vertical velocity of the motion along x-direction and Nusselt number to be an increasing function. Due to an increase in suction and stretching ratio, fluid flow along (x, y)-directions, temperature distribution, and the local skin friction coefficients are decreasing functions. At all the levels of suction and stretching ratio, higher Nusselt numbers were found in the case of water conveying Copper oxide, Copper, and Silver nanoparticles due to their heavy densities.
Informe parcial Justicia Restaurativa y Paz: Las posibilidades de la Reparación de Víctimas y Comisiones de la Verdad
Authors: Ginneth Esmeralda Narváez Jaimes , Camilo Andrés Castiblanco
Published: January 2021

Dando línea de continuidad al trabajo investigativo de Sociología de la Paz, iniciado en el año 2017; la presente propuesta pretende analizar el impacto de la justicia transicional en Colombia, en marco del Acuerdo logrado entre el Gobierno Nacional y las FARC. Se propone analizar el modelo de justicia restaurativa, respecto a las posibilidades factuales que tienen las víctimas en el proceso de esclarecimiento de la verdad y de reparación integral. Se mantiene el enfoque territorial de las investigaciones previas, con el fin de determinar el alcance de la implementación a nivel regional. Finalmente se ha realizado una caracterización de los diferentes tipos de víctimas, así como la evaluación de los enfoques diferenciales que requiere el modelo jurídico implementado. Se basa en los alcances investigativos de los dos semilleros de investigación que se hallan comprometidos en el desarrollo de la presente propuesta: Semillero de Sociología Política y Semillero Ágora (Sociología Jurídica). Tiene como propósito reconocer y visibilizar a las víctimas, así como potenciar los procesos de reconciliación y convivencia que el país requiere.
Formato de entrevista en Psicología Educativa
Authors: Ana Gabriela Sperandío , Ana María Garzon Moreno , Gabriela Nieves Cruz , María Isabel Vargas Atencia
Published: January 2021

El proceso de entrevista del Psicólogo en escenarios educativos establece una organización ética, para continuar con el examen mental y luego con unas preguntas organizadas de acuerdo a los objetivos del campo disciplinar y también desde una especificación de lo que se pregunta. El documento muestra está coherencia y agrega el protocolo que lo que explica
Infografía – resultados convocatoria 833 de 2018 de Colciencias (Minciencias)
Authors: Olga Lucia Ostos Ortiz , Camilo Alejandro Corchuelo Rodriguez
Published: January 2021

La Dirección Nacional de Investigación e Innovación estableció como estrategia de comunicación del conocimiento la divulgación por medio de infografías de los resultados de los grupos de investigación de la universidad en la convocatoria 833 de 2018 de Colciencias (Minciencias). De esta manera, continua la consolidación de productos de apropiación social del conocimiento de todos los grupos de investigación de la Universidad Santo Tomás.