bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Imbalance? Balancing Free Trade and the Need for SPS Measures after the Decision in Hormones
Authors: Sandford Iain
Published: January 2020

The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations to ensure that measures taken to protect humans and animals from foodborne risks, and to protect plants, animals and people from the risks of pests and diseases (SPS measures) were imposed only where they were justified. As such, the Agreement implicitly struck a balance between the freedom of World Trade Organization (WTO) Members to impose such legitimate measures and the objective of minimising trade disruptions. This article explores how this implicit balance was tested in the first SPS case to come before the WTO's new dispute settlement system European Communities Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones). This article examines the reasoning of both the Panel and Appellate Body considering the case and concludes that the final decision of the Appellate Body moved the balance too far in favour of Members' right to impose trade restrictive SPS measures.
Contractual Economic Loss in New Zealand - "Who, then, is my neighbour" Really?
Authors: Kalderimis Daniel
Published: January 2020

This article is concerned with the issue of when contractual relational economic loss is, and should be, recoverable in New Zealand.Traditionally this question has been narrowly framed as a debate over whether an ancient legal rule should continue to apply. Recent cases, however, have injected this rule with modern analysis. It has become clear that the debate over the rule is really a debate over which concepts should control negligence liability. This article examines both the rule and its modern day implications. The article examines in turn the New Zealand approach, comparative approaches, and the conceptual underpinnings of the debate. The sophisticated Canadian jurisprudence receives particular emphasis. The conclusion is that not only should New Zealand courts reaffirm the old rule, but that doing so now requires a radical rethinking of the basic New Zealand approach to the law of negligence.
The Interpretation Provisions in the New Zealand Income Tax Act 1994
Authors: Prebble John
Published: January 2020

Historically, courts have been unwilling to adopt a purposive approach to the interpretation of tax statutes. This reluctance extends to the application of section 5(j) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1924, which courts say has no general applicability to income tax legislation. In 1996, as part of a process of rewriting the Income Tax Act 1994, Parliament inserted a number of interpretation provisions into the Act. The goal that the drafters had in mind is not entirely clear, but the 1996interpretation provisions appear to be calculated to require the courts to interpret the Act more purposively, meaning, in this context, to interpret the Act more in the light of the overall objective of levying tax. If that was indeed the goal, the 1996 provisions do not achieve it, nor is it possible to determine whether the provisions achieve other worthwhile goals. Indeed, the stipulation in section AA 3(1) that provisions of the Act should be interpreted "in [the] light of the purpose provisions, the core provisions, and the way in which the Act is organised" may in future be turned against the interests of the Crown in order to support otherwise unpersuasive arguments on behalf of taxpayers.
International Instruments in Administrative Decisions: Mainstreaming International Law
Authors: Poole Melissa
Published: January 2020

This article considers the development of the role of international instruments in administrative decisions.  It compares the changes in New Zealand after the Tavita case with the developments which followed the Teoh case in Australia.  The article then proposes the basis for a new attitude to international instruments which would result in the "mainstreaming" of international law.
Nervous Shock, Tort and Accident Compensation: Tort Regained?
Authors: McLay Geoff
Published: January 2020

This case note examines the recent Court of Appeal decision in Palmer v Danes Shotover Rafts  dealing with the relationship between the common law and the Accident Compensation regime. The author acknowledges the practical importance of the Court's holding in Danes Shotover Rafts that plaintiffs who have not suffered physical injury can sue for nervous shock.  The author contends that the case is, like the exemplary damages cases, yet another example of the complex interaction between common law and statutory compensation regimes.  The author argues that the case may signal a judicial switch from a welfare or communitarian approach to the interpretation of the Accident Compensation scheme to a rights based approach and that gives primacy to common law rights rather than to the integrity of the Accident Compensation scheme.  A wider view not based solely on the statutory provisions, or on the assumption that the common law or statutory compensation regimes "trump" one another, but one which views the interaction between the common law and statutory compensation schemes as dynamic, may lead to a greater understanding of the relationship between statutory tort reform and the common law.
A Contract Contradiction
Authors: McLauchlan David W
Published: January 2020

This article attacks the well established principle of the law of contract that evidence of the parties' negotiations and subjective intentions is not receivable in an interpretation dispute.  It argues that the principle is inconsistent with equally well established principles of contract formation.  Numerous other reasons for rejecting the principle, including the absence of convincing practical or policy grounds, are also identified and discussed.  The author concludes that the courts should never enforce an agreement in accordance with a meaning which reliable evidence may show is contrary to the actual intentions of the parties.
Reviewing Statutory Models of Mediation/Conciliation in New Zealand: Three Conclusions
Authors: Baylis Claire
Published: January 2020

In the last two decades there has been a trend in New Zealand of enacting statutory models of mediation/ conciliation. This article raises concerns about the treatment of fundamental process issues in the many statutory models and the inconsistencies between the models. The article is based on current research by the author which will be completed by the end of 1999.  Some funding for this project has been gratefully received from the Victoria University of Wellington Foundation through the New Zealand Institute for Dispute Resolution.
Establishing a Nation - Kikilaga Nenfu
Authors: Angelo Tony
Published: January 2020

There are many challenges in life. Some, such as climbing Mount Everest, circumnavigating the globe, landing on the Moon or exploring Mars, are reported as great human adventures. Few however could be more daunting than being empowered to establish one's identity at a time when knowledge of any previous national identity has, with the passage of a century, largely being lost. That nevertheless is the task set for Tokelau, 1 a small Pacific nation – 6,500 people, of whom only 1,500 live in the cultural homeland and in three discrete villages separated by the high seas.Tokelau and New Zealand are not approaching this task by following the typical externally driven decolonisation process used by the United Kingdom for its colonies or New Zealand for the Cook Islands or Niue. This paper is concerned with tracing aspects of the semiautochthonous process so far followed by Tokelau.
Organizational and economic mechanisms for managing the development of high-tech enterprises of rocket and space engineering
Authors: Idilov Ibragim , Abrashkin Mihail
Published: January 2020

The development of space-rocket engineering enterprises is a priority for retaining Russia's market share in the global economy of space services, for the production embodiment of military and civilian R&D results and national security. Industry specifics predetermine a high degree of integration processes of science and production, which is manifested in the growth of indicators of high technology. The paper systematizes the mechanisms for managing the sustainable development of science-intensive enterprises of rocket and space engineering, which are based on mechanisms of state assistance to this development and intra-organizational reserves for increasing efficiency.
Improving the efficiency of public services in the field of customs regulation as a factor of the development of the machine-tool industry
Authors: Kiselev Aleksandr , Gupanova Yuliya
Published: January 2020

The article reveals the essence and role of the machine-tool industry in the development of the national economy. The mechanism of state regulation of the national economy, as well as the mechanism of state regulation of foreign economic activity and the place of customs regulation in it are described. The essence of the customs policy and its place in the system of state policy of the Russian Federation is reflected. The approach to the consideration of customs regulation as a service is described, within the framework of the implementation of which the needs of the state and participants of foreign economic activity are satisfied. The recipients of services in the field of customs regulation in the development system of the machine-tool industry of the Russian Federation are considered. The list of tasks of customs regulation is disclosed, the solution of which is associated with the development of the national machine-tool industry, the stages of development of the machine-tool industry and the corresponding measures of customs regulation are described.
AGRICULTURAL CONSUMER CREDIT CO-OPERATIONS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT RESOURCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS
Authors: Teplova Lyubov' , Chuikova Valentine , Afanasyeva Larisa
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study is a theoretical and methodological justification of the degree of influence of the basic cooperative principles in the activities of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives (SKPK) on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural sector in the context of the essential content and functions performed as key factors in the subject area being studied. developmental SKPK The article conducted a study in terms of the impact of the basic cooperative principles and justification of the impact of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives (SKPK) on the development of small and medium enterprises in the agricultural sector of the economy, understanding the essence and functions, and identifying key factors affecting the development of SKPK. The study is based on a systematic approach to studying the features of the development of agricultural credit consumer cooperation, using monographic, abstract-logical, statistical-economic, abstract and other research methods. Use of monographic,

statistical and economic research revealed the main factors affecting the effective operation of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives. The directions of the analytical assessment were: the number of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives, the main indicators of the development of agricultural credit consumer cooperatives.
OPTIMIZATION OF COSTS FOR THE PROVISION OF PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING ECONOMIC AND BUDGET SAFETY
Authors: Annenkova Viktoriya , Naryzhny Alexander , Petrova Lyubov'
Published: January 2020

The relevance and novelty of the work. In modern conditions, the increase in the level of threats to the enterprise is accompanied by an increasing role of economic security of the economic entity and management accounting in the system of economic security. Organization of managerial accounting system to provide public services to virtually any public institutions providing public services. The program allows you to calculate the costs and value of the State normative services (works) in view of the calculation of direct and expense costs, allowing reporting at the level of State and municipal institutions provides consolidating information in the desired volume at the level of ministries with the ability to provide various management reports.

The purpose of the work. Providing primary information collection and processing municipal and regional institutions with a view to optimal planning of payroll staff, calculating the cost of State services (works), get detailed information about the costs in terms of expenditures throughout the State (municipal) institution, and any group of institutions.

The materials and methods of research. Program management decision public service allows you to create accountability at the level of State and municipal institutions. Program configuration management decision "State service" has a two-tiered system, built on the client-server technology.

The results of the work. "Public service" program was implemented and works in the city of Saratov, in the Ministry of social development of the region.
Some Results on Harmonic Type Sums
Authors: GÖRAL Haydar , SERTBAŞ Doğa Can
Published: January 2020

In this study, we consider the summatory function of convolutions of the
Möbius function with harmonic numbers, and we show that these summatory
functions are linked to the distribution of prime numbers. In particular, we
give infinitely many asymptotics which are consequences of the Riemann
hypothesis. We also give quantitative estimate for the moment function which
counts non-integer hyperharmonic numbers. Then, we obtain the asymptotic
behaviour of hyperharmonics.
Otonom Araçla Genetik Algoritma Kullanılarak Haritalama ve Lokasyon
Authors: DEMİR Merve Nur , ALTUN Yusuf
Published: January 2020

Teknolojik gelişmeler ve bu zamana
kadar biriken bilgilerin ışığında otonom sistemlerde muazzam bir ilerleme kaydedilmiştir.
Bu sayede otonom sistemler çarpışmadan kaçınma, trafik işareti tespiti,
haritalama vb. sayısız akıllı işlevleri gerçekleştirebilmektedir. Gerçek
zamanlı otonom araçların en zorlu problemi aracın kendi kendine haritalandırma
ve lokasyon işlemlerini yapabilmesidir. Genetik Algoritma (GA) kullanarak optimize
edilmiş lokasyon uygulaması ile otonom araçlar için sürüş güvenliğinin artması
beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada lazer tabanlı bir lokalizasyon ve haritalama
tekniğinin üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen sistemde sanal bir test ortamı
kurulmuş ve bir otonom araç üzerinde denemeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında
sanal makineler oluşturularak üzerlerine Linux işletim sistemi kurulmuştur.
Sonra bu sanal makinelere ROS ortamında TurtleBot3 kurulmuş ve iç mekân
lokalizasyonu yapılarak bir harita elde edilmiştir. Bu harita genetik algoritma
ile en kısa mesafelerin bulunmasını sağlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Gözlemler
neticesinde simülasyon ortamındaki robot yüksek başarımla istenilen konuma
gidebildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Evaluasi Kinerja Daerah Irigasi Cikeusik Berdasarkan Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Gabungan Penilaian Kinerja Irigasi Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) Tahun 2017
Authors: Ananda Kiki Rishki , Rachman Latief Mahir , Tarigan Suria Darma
Published: January 2020

Daerah irigasi (D.I.) Cikeusik dibangun pada tahun 1883 dan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 1884, namun saat ini sudah tidak beroperasi secara optimum. D.I. Cikeusik terletak di Kecamatan Cikeusik, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Provinsi Banten. Sektor pertanian yang terdapat di daerah tersebut memiliki potensi yang sangat baik. Kecamatan Cikeusik mempunyai lahan pertanian seluas 650 ha. Jaringan irigasi di D.I. Cikeusik mencakup jaringan irigasi teknis yang memiliki sembilan buah pintu sadap. Saat ini irigasi Cikeusik mengalami perubahan dalam pemasokan air ke petak tersier, air yang dipasok tidak tercukupi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja D.I. Cikeusik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan petunjuk pelaksanaan gabungan penilaian kinerja sistem irigasi utama dan tersier kementerian PUPR 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Nilai Kinerja Sistem Irigasi (NKSI) sebesar 64.86% termasuk kategori kinerja irigasi masih kurang.
Estudiantes universitarias chilenas: discursos y prácticas contra la violencia sexista
Authors: Alfaro Álvarez Jessica , de Armas Pedraza Tania
Published: January 2020

El trabajo da cuenta del itinerario que siguen las estudiantes universitarias, para visibilizar y contrarrestar el acoso sexual dentro de la institución educativa, durante las movilizaciones por una educación no sexista en Chile en el 2018. El análisis es realizado desde el corpus teórico del feminismo y la acción colectiva, enfatizando la mirada situada desde la etnografía dialógica y el análisis de documentos y prensa. Evidencia desplazamientos en las relaciones de poder desde prácticas y discursos que cuestionan el dispositivo de género y las formas tradicionales de participación democrática representativa.
Fraternidad y luchas feministas contra el acoso sexual en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Peñaranda María Luisa
Published: January 2020

El artículo reflexiona sobre las luchas feministas por el derecho de las mujeres a una vida libre de acoso sexual, surgidas en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Para ello aborda tres aspectos: i) la pluralidad en las formas de organización feministas agrupadas bajo lógicas gremiales; ii) la multiplicidad de estrategias para denunciar y afrontar las violencias sexuales, y iii) las dificultades para unirse en el logro de un objetivo común desde una mirada fraternal. Defiende la fraternidad como la metáfora republicana que asocia a los individuos desde la empatía y el afecto, desafiando al individualismo propio del neoliberalismo académico.
A integração regional e a influência nos programas educacionais de fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai
Authors: Bueno Mara Lucinéia Marques Correa , Ajala Jadiane Maciel
Published: January 2020

Objetiva-se neste trabalho analisar as políticas educacionais voltadas para o Mercosul e ao processo de integração regional entre Brasil e Paraguai. Busca responder ao questionamento: Como a integração regional beneficiou a educação na fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai? Para isso, recorre-se a autores como: Brasil (2014), Mariano (2007), Mercosul (1991), Castro (2013), Draibe (2007), Mercosul (1991), dentre outros. Inicialmente, salienta-se a extensão territorial fronteiriça do Brasil e do Mato Grosso do Sul conceituando fronteira, cidade-gêmea e faixa de fronteira . Em seguida, caracteriza-se o processo de integração regional que culmina na criação do Mercosul e do Setor Educacional do Mercosul. E, finaliza-se com análise das políticas educacionais e a evolução dos programas fronteiriços. Por fim, avalia-se os desafios da implementação de políticas para a fronteira considerando a integração regional e a qualidade da educação.
Resiliensi terhadap Tekanan Pekerjaan Pada Staf Lapangan Perusahaan Konstruksi di Surabaya
Authors: Aminah Siti , Santi Dyan Evita
Published: January 2020

Pembangunan infrastruktur di era milenial saat ini sangat pesat. Pencapaian pembangunan infrastruktur yang sukses sangat dipengaruhi oleh sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang resiliensi para staf lapangan dalam menghadapi tekanan pekerjaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode wawancara (analisa studi deskriptif). Subjek penelitian adalah staf lapangan perusahaan konstruksi. Wawancara dilakukan dengan merujuk pada 7 faktor resiliensi, yaitu: emotional regulation, impulse control, emphaty, optimism, causal analysis, self-efficacy dan reaching-out. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipan dalam penelitian ini memiliki resiliensi terutama dalam hal emotional regulation, causal analysis, dan emphaty. Akan tetapi, partisipan masih kurang bisa mengendalikan impuls dalam proyek, kemudian kurang optimis dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan dikarenakan banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi berjalannya suatu proyek salah satunya material. Partisipan juga masih kurang dalam efikasi diri dan pencapaian diri mereka ke depannya.Kata kunci : resiliensi staf lapangan, kontraktor
Reflejos andalusíes del latín sillybus
Authors: Bustamante Costa Joaquín
Published: January 2020

El fitónimo latino sillybus, “cierto cardo”, había sido propuesto como étimo del esp. jilguero, pero fue desechado por Menéndez Pidal y Corominas, que llegaron a poner en duda la existencia misma del fitónimo para el latín de Hispania dada la falta de testimonio escrito. En el presente artículo se ha utilizado el árabe como comprobación alternativa, ya que no había testimonio latino, y se ha buscado en los repertorios árabes medievales de botánica. El fitónimo se encuentra, pero la presencia de alteraciones gráficas y erratas de lectura indican que se trata de un término libresco y no popular. Sin embargo, la evidencia de topónimos andalusíes derivados de *sillybarium, “carduzal”, ha venido a corroborar la propuesta inicial y, además, contribuye a explicar topónimos como Chirivella (Valencia) o Chirivel (Almería), que habían recibido interpretaciones erróneas. El alcance de este étimo llega hasta el habla coloquial y arroja nueva luz sobre términos de improperio malsonantes de etimología incierta, como pudiera ser toda una familia de expresiones de la que formaría parte el discutido gilipollas.
Paradigma Islam Rasional Harun Nasution: Membumikan Teologi Kerukunan
Authors: Irfan Muhammad
Published: January 2020

Harun Nasution (1919-1998) dikenal luas oleh kaum intelegensia Indonesia sebagai salah seorang ilmuan yang tekun mendalami berbagai bidang kajian keislaman, seperti ilmu kalam, falsafah, dan tasawuf. Salah satu dari kontribusinya adalah pengenalan pendekatan baru dalam studi Islam, yaitu. pendekatan filsafat dengan titik tekan pada rasio, “Rasionalisme” (akal) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan Islam Rasional. Perhatian Harun Nasution bukan saja terfokus pada bidang keilmuan Islam, tetapi juga terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi umat Islam, khususnya di Indonesia. Di tengah maraknya isu-isu disharmonis, ketidakrukunan, kekerasan bahkan konflik, yang mengatasnamakan agama, maka pemikiran Islam rasional yang digagas oleh Harun Nasution  merupakan solusi tawaran dalam memahami agama dalam rangka menwujudkan kerukunan umat beragama. Pemikran Islam rasional tidak hanya terbatas bagi umat Islam dalam mamahami agama secara rasional, tetapi dapat diterapkan pada agama lain dalam memahami agama secara rasional. Dengan pemahaman agama secara rasional, maka dapat membangun kerangka berpikir yang rasional dalam menyikapi persoalan umat manusia dan pemahaman agama secara rasional memberi kontribusi yang besar bagi terwujudnya kerukunan umat beragama. 
PENTINGNYA SOSIALISASI BAGI ANAK
Authors: M.Si Ismail
Published: January 2020

Sosialisasi merupakan proses belajar tentang segala sesuatu di dalam kehidupan yang meliputi bahasa, norma, nilai, sistem kemasyarakatan, ilmu pengetahuan, mata pencaharian, kesenian, agama, dan lainnya. Pentingnya sosialisasi bagi setiap anak menjadi kewajiban bagi para orang tua, masyarakat, dan pemerintah untuk mengajarkan serta mewariskannya kepada setiap anak. Sekarang ini masih banyak para orang tua, masyarakat, dan pemerintah menganggap sepele terhadap proses sosialisasi yang dialami oleh setiap anak, akibatnya anak tersebut kurang mengetaui mana yang baik dan mana buruk. Sosialisasi yang baik dapat dilihat dari perilaku seorang anak dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat yaitu sesuai norma, nilai, dan budaya di masyarakat.

 
Socialization is the process of learning about everything in life which includes language, norms, values, social systems, science, livelihoods, arts, religion, and others. The importance of socialization for each child is an obligation for parents, the community, and the government to teach and inherit it to every child. Now there are still many parents, communities, and the government that consider trivial to the socialization process experienced by every child, as a result the child is less knowledgeable about what is good and what is bad. Good socialization can be seen from the behavior of a child in community life that is according to the norms, values, and culture in the community. 
Keywords: Socialization, Children
Techniques to Create Risorial Discourse in N. Ishutkin’s Satirical Stories
Authors: Ermina Natal'ya Ivanovna
Published: January 2020

The article analyses techniques to create a comical situation in satirical stories by the Erzya writer N. Ishutkin. His literary works are for the first time introduced into scientific field of the Finno-Ugric literary criticism. The researcher focuses on the literary analysis, considers the problem of correlation, primacy of laughter and the comical, actualizes the study of national specificity of the comical. The conclusion is made that satire skills allowed N. Ishutkin to suggest an original approach to social and ethical problems.
Theme of Historical Memory in V. Basaa’s Creative Work
Authors: Khalkharova Larisa Tsymzhitovna
Published: January 2020

The article reveals the theme of historical memory by the material of the plays by the Buryat dramatist V. Basaa “Ямар удаан болообши даа” (“It’s a Long Time since I Saw You”) and “Үнгэрhэн сагай hэбшээн” (“The Wind of the Past”) describing the Buryat emigration to China and the emigrant Urzhin Garmaev’s destiny, who achieved the rank of lieutenant general of the Manchukuo Imperial Army. The researcher argues that the writer’s appeal to the theme of historical memory, his original interpretation of the national culture and history fit the context of his attempts to restore historical justice, to recall long forgotten names.
Originality of Fantastic World Development in I. Yefremov’s Novel “The Bull’s Hour”
Authors: Os'mukhina Ol'ga Yur'evna , Maiorova Dar'ya Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to studying the means and techniques to create a fantastic world in the novel “The Bull’s Hour”. It is shown that the novel’s fantastic world develops on the basis of fantastic assumptions and the key scientifically justified conception of confrontation of Shakti and Tamas worlds. In I. Yefremov’s novel, chronotope determines attitude to reality: events develop on the Earth in future, in outer space, on another planet. The principle of analogy, the writer’s technique to create a fantastic world, manifested itself through the use of “background knowledge”, allusions and reminiscences. The characters are typical representatives of the utopian future, free of any imperfections, spiritually and physically perfect.
Semantic Development of the Adjective ἠεροειδήσ in the Early Greek Epos
Authors: Druzhinina Ekaterina Andreevna
Published: January 2020

The article examines the original meaning and semantic development of the adjective ἠεροειδής in poems by Homer and Hesiod. The linguistic analysis of hypotheses concerning the etymology of the noun ἀήρ, from which this adjective derived, indicates that the lexeme ἀήρ was originally associated with the conception of invisibility. Сontextual analysis of Homeric expression ἐς ἠεροειδέα πόντον allows concluding that in Homer’s poems, the adjective ἠεροειδής meant “foggy”. But Hesiod for the first time used this adjective to describe night darkness thus contributing to its reinterpretation, and the lexeme ἡεροειδής acquired the meaning “dark”.
Work with Pragmatonyms at the Lessons of Russian as a Foreign Language as a Basis to Form Students’ Linguo-Cross-Cultural Competence (by the Material of the Lexico-Semantic Group “Confectionery”)
Authors: Urvantseva Natal'ya Gennad'evna
Published: January 2020

The article considers the problem of introducing culturally specific words designating confectionery products to learners of Russian as a foreign language. The author examines the educational potential of these lexical units and suggests a set of educational games and lexico-grammatical exercises, which help foreign students to achieve full and adequate understanding of the Russian cultural phenomena. The methodological potential of using pragmatonyms in teaching Russian as a foreign language is revealed. Importance of studying these lexical units in the course of Russian as a foreign language is emphasized.
Song Genre in N. M. Karamzin’s Lyrics: Traditions, Typology, Sentimentalism Features
Authors: Sokolov-Purusin Roman Sergeevich
Published: January 2020

The article examines the song genre in N. M. Karamzin’s lyrics. Only the works, which the author himself referred to the song genre, are analysed. The author’s techniques to reconstruct a song’s “image” and criteria for choosing the means of portrayal are identified. A musical component of the song genre and its influence while creating a song’s “portrait” are considered from the viewpoint of literary criticism. Style dominants typical of Karamzin’s songs are revealed. Mutual influence and genre evolution of classicistic and sentimentalistic artistic conceptions are examined. The conclusion is made that stylistic functionality of a language manifests itself clearly while creating a song’s image.
administrasi pendidikan
Authors: maharani suci
Published: January 2020

Administration is an effort to create cooperation between teachers and employees in order to achieve educational goals.
Pengaruh Implementasi Penganggaran Terpadu, Penganggaran Berbasis Kinerja dan Kerangka Pengeluaran Jangka Menengah terhadap Kinerja
Authors: Agus Puji
Published: January 2020

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara Penganggaran Terpadu, Penganggaran Berbasis Kinerja dan Kerangka Pengeluaran Jangka Menengah dan terhadap Kinerja pada Satuan Kerja Pemerintah Pusat di Wilayah Jawa Barat. Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial dengan regresi berganda. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh Satuan Kerja Pemerintah Pusat di Wilayah Jawa Barat, sampel diambil secara wilayah agar mempunyai keterwakilan antar wilayah. Seluruh sampel satuan kerja pemerintah pusat diberikan kuesioner dan diteliti sebagai data penelitian. Keberpengaruhan diuji dengan menggunakan regresi linier berganda, sehingga dapat dijelaskan pengaruh dari variabel bebas terhadap variabel tidak bebas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penganggaran Terpadu (X1) dan Penganggaran Berbasis Kinerja (X2) mempunyai pengaruh nyata terhadap Kinerja (Y) sedangkan Kerangka Pengeluaran Jangka Menengah (X3) tidak mempunyai pengaruh nyata terhadap Kinerja (Y). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk mengoptimalkan Kinerja maka dapat melalui peningkatan implementasi Penganggaran Terpadu, Penganggaran Berbasis Kinerja dan Kerangka Pengeluaran Jangka Menengah pada Satuan Kerja Pemerintah Pusat.
p-Hacking and Publication Bias Interact to Distort Meta-Analytic Effect Size Estimates
Authors: Friese Malte , Frankenbach Julius
Published: January 2020

Science depends on trustworthy evidence. Thus, a biased scientific record is of questionable value because it impedes scientific progress, and the public receives advice on the basis of unreliable evidence that has the potential to have far-reaching detrimental consequences. Meta-analysis is a valid and reliable technique that can be used to summarize research evidence. However, meta-analytic effect size estimates may themselves be biased, threatening the validity and usefulness of meta-analyses to promote scientific progress. Here, we offer a large-scale simulation study to elucidate how p-hacking and publication bias distort meta-analytic effect size estimates under a broad array of circumstances that reflect the reality that exists across a variety of research areas. The results revealed that, first, very high levels of publication bias can severely distort the cumulative evidence. Second, p-hacking and publication bias interact: At relatively high and low levels of publication bias, p-hacking does comparatively little harm, but at medium levels of publication bias, p-hacking can considerably contribute to bias, especially when the true effects are very small or are approaching zero. Third, p-hacking can severely increase the rate of false positives. A key implication is that, in addition to preventing p-hacking, policies in research institutions, funding agencies, and scientific journals need to make the prevention of publication bias a top priority to ensure a trustworthy base of evidence.
Conditionals on crutches: Expanding the modal horizon
Authors: Paape Dario , Zimmermann Malte
Published: January 2020

Using truth-value judgment tasks, we investigated the on-line processing of counterfactual conditionals such as "If kangaroos had no tails, they would topple over". Face-value plausibility of the counterfactual as well as the complexity of the antecedent were manipulated. Results show that readers' judgments deviate from face-value plausibility more often when the antecedent is complex, and when the counterfactual is plausible rather than implausible. We interpret our results based on the modal horizon assumption of von Fintel (2001) and argue that they are compatible with a variably strict semantics for counterfactuals (Lewis, 1973). We make use of computational modeling techniques to account for reaction times and truth-value judgments simultaneously, showing that implementing detailed process models deepens our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms triggered by linguistic stimuli.
No support for the genetic hypothesis of the Black-white achievement gap using polygenic scores and tests for divergent selection
Authors: Bird Kevin A
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Debate about the cause of IQ score gaps between Black and white populations has persisted within genetics, anthropology, and psychology. Recently, authors claimed polygenic scores provide evidence that a significant portion of differences in cognitive performance between Black and white populations are caused by genetic differences due to natural selection, the “hereditarian hypothesis”. This study aims to show conceptual and methodological flaws of past studies supporting the hereditarian hypothesis.Materials and Methods: Polygenic scores for educational attainment were constructed for African and European samples of the 1000 Genomes Project. Evidence for selection was evaluated using an excess variance test. Education associated variants were further evaluated for signals of selection by testing for excess genetic differentiation (Fst). Expected mean difference in IQ for populations was calculated under a neutral evolutionary scenario and contrasted to hereditarian claims.Results: Tests for selection using polygenic scores failed to find evidence of natural selection when the less biased within-family GWAS effect sizes were used. Tests for selection using Fst values did not find evidence of natural selection. Expected mean difference in IQ was substantially smaller than postulated by hereditarians, even under unrealistic assumptions that overestimate genetic contribution.Conclusion: Given these results, hereditarian claims are not supported in the least. Cognitive performance does not appear to have been under diversifying selection in Europeans and Africans. In the absense of diversifying selection, the best case estimate for genetic contributions to group differences in cognitive performance is substantially smaller than hereditarians claim and is consistent with genetic differences contributing little to the Black-white gap.
Viral Dissemination of Content in Advertising: Emotional Factors to Reach Consumers
Authors: Dafonte-Gómez Alberto , Míguez-González María-Isabel , Corbacho-Valencia Juan-Manuel
Published: January 2020

Social media has become a relevant content dissemination channel in recent years. Each user has the capacity to potentially reach others, and in this way, social media challenges the traditional distribution of content through mass media. The advertising industry has had to adapt to this new ecosystem and develop audiovisual pieces specifically tailored to this environment as part of their communication strategies. These pieces aim at achieving not only views but to engage viewers in sharing content with their contacts. Recent research indicates that there are certain aspects of human behaviour related to emotions and motivations that have an impact on the decision to share information, news and content with others. However, there are few studies analysing how the features of the content shared influence that decision. This article presents the content analysis results of the 100 most widely shared advertising viral videos around the world from 2011 to 2015 according to Adweek. The analysis was conducted from an emotional perspective in order to establish the common features of the most shared videos and to identify the frequency in which emotional narrative resources are used.
Maximizing the Impact of Community Information Centres on Education, Health and Development in the Age of Computers and Mobile Technologies
Authors: Njoku Chris Prince Udochukwu
Published: January 2020

Community information service (CIS)-related publications agree that people in communities, especially rural, need information and should be helped to have it for solving daily life’s problems and developing themselves and community. From the publications, it is evident that advent of computers and mobile technologies or information and communication technologies (ICTs) had caused an uncleared confusion in naming and operating a CIS. Aimed at highlighting this problem and giving a recipe for a CIS to impact maximally on education, health and overall development, this work is a critical analysis of the literature. It found most CISs reported on inadequate and ineffective. While a majority of sponsors believe that CIS is solely about ICTs, a few think it is about either a library or a combination of a library and ICTs. Ten names were found for a CIS, including community information centre (CIC), telecentre, community information and communication technology centre, community library, community multimedia centre, cybercafé and information kiosk. Stock and services provided depended on the name. One thing common is the expectation that people should go for information when they need it. There is little thought about the reality that many people may not know they need information and about how to serve people who are incapacitated in other ways to go or ask for information. Thinking critically about all these alongside the goal of CIS achievable only with ICT and non-ICT resources and strategies that match every community member’s differences, preferences, deficiencies and constraints, the researcher concludes that any other name than CIC is needless. This understanding brings about maximum impact, which can be supported with data from further researches.
Exploring ICT Indicators for ‘Smart Cities’ in Nepal: Lalitpur Metropolitan City
Authors: Karki Arjun , Dahal Sudhamshu
Published: January 2020

The study explores the existing technological infrastructure in the proposed 'smart cities' in Nepal. It follows the proponents of structural existence and interactivity patterns according to the Structuration Theory by Anthony Giddens (1991). This study incorporating qualitative as well as quantitative data has attempted to compare the digital status of Nepal with Asian and South Asian countries. It is found that local administrations in towns and in villages are continuously working to bring their areas under connection by the installation of CCTVs, smart poles, smart maps, internet infrastructure and other ICT infrastructure. The study used content analysis of documents and survey conducted in Lalitpur Metropolitan City (LMC). The study recommends the four main areas viz., strict policies and practicable guidelines/directives; installation of ICT infrastructure; implanting skill and ICT qualified human resources and construction of robust websites. If the Government of Nepal works in these four areas then the country will step in the track of formation of ‘smart cities’ in Nepal.

Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-1: 1-11
La enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en la educación básica
Authors: Riveros Héctor G.
Published: January 2020

Resumen: Los fines de la enseñanza han evolucionado junto con la sociedad en que vivimos, desde una enseñanza memoristica hasta llegar a una que enseña a razonar, para poder adaptarse al ritmo acelerado de cambio impuesto por la aplicación de los descubrimientos científicos en la sociedad Tenemos una sociedad en aprendizaje continuo, lo que requiere capacidad de razonar para poder adaptarse con rapidez. Estamos definiendo la calidad en la enseñanza como su capacidad para enseñar a razonar. Este enfoque cubre los intentos recientes: la enseñanza por competencias, la centrada en el estudiante, la clase inversa, etc. Cada tema del programa es un pretexto para enseñar a deducir o a inducir, que son los dos tipos de razonamiento conocidos. El profesor decide en cada tema si lo deduce de conocimientos previos o lo induce a partir de una demostración o datos experimentales. Las ciencias naturales se enseñan a partir del 4º año de Primaria, y se requieren razonamientos sencillos para que los entiendan niños de 10 a 12 años.Abstract: The aims of teaching have evolved along with the society in which we live, from a memoristic teaching to a one that teaches reasoning, in order to adapt to the accelerated rate of change imposed by the application of scientific discoveries in society. We have a society in continuous learning, which requires the ability to reason in order to adapt quickly. We are defining quality in teaching as our ability to teach to reason. This approach covers recent attempts: competency teaching, student-centered, flipped class, etc. Each subject of the program is a pretext to teach to deduce or to induce, which are the two types of reasoning known. The teacher decides on each topic if he deduces it from previous knowledge or induces it from a demonstration or experimental data. The natural sciences are taught from the 4th year of Primary, and simple reasoning is required for children 10 to 12 years to understand them.
A proposal for a new symbolism to indicate phasors
Authors: Lombardo Ivano
Published: January 2020

Even in the most elementary courses on introductory physics at university level, the use of \textit{rotating vectors} (or \textit{phasors}) is of great help to solve problems related to alternating current circuits and to light interference. In this work I propose a novel notation to indicate a physical quantity that can be represented by a phasor. The symbolism of this new notation appears simple and easily understandable, as testified also by the outcomes of a questionnaire I distributed to students. Furthermore, the results of objective tests made on two samples of students, one trained with and the other one without the new notation, show the potential impact that the new notation can have on the understanding of phasors.
A geodesical approach for the harmonic oscillator
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Rodrigo , Salas-Brito Alvaro Lorenzo , Núñez-Yépez Hilda Noemí
Published: January 2020

The harmonic oscillator (HO) is present in all contemporary physics, from elementary classical mechanicsto quantum field theory. It is useful in general to exemplify techniques in theoretical physics. In this work,we use a method for solving classical mechanic problems by first transforming them to a free particle formand using the new canonical coordinates to reparametrize its phase space. This technique has been used tosolve the one-dimensional hydrogen atom and also to solve for the motion of a particle in a dipolar potential.Using canonical transformations we convert the HO Hamiltonian to a free particle form which becomestrivial to solve. Our approach may be helpful to exemplify how canonical transformations may be used inmechanics. Besides, we expect it will help students to grasp what they mean when it is said that a problemhas been transformed into another completely different one. As, for example, when the Kepler problem istransformed into free (geodesic) motion on a spherical surface.
Erzählungen vom kleinen Widerstand im großen Kino. Hans FalladasJeder stirbt für sich allein(1947) und Alfred Vohrers Verfilmung
Authors: Beck Sandra
Published: January 2020

Comparing Hans Fallada’s last novel Jeder stirbt für sich allein (Every Man Dies Alone, 1947) and its adaptation by Alfred Vohrer in 1976, this article underlines the need to discuss the German politics of the past in conjunction with the politics of emotion, which fictional works use to realize and visualize the ‘Third Reich’. The narrative and topical examination revolves around three configurations—the narrated decision to resist, the portrayal of German Jewish relations, and the weighing of German suffering and German crimes—and shows that the novel focuses on angst and human decency, while the film represents resistance as motherly writings from the heart and as a legacy passed on from one generation to the next. These differences are attributed to shifting constellations of historical culture in post-war Germany and the different medium-specific narrative strategies to emotionalize audiences.
The Missing “Confessions of a Plagiarist”: Intermedial Borrowings in Friedrich Dürrenmatt’sDer Besuch der alten Dame(1956)
Authors: Ludewig Alexandra
Published: January 2020

Friedrich Dürrenmatt’s works have long been recognized as including borrowings and intermedial references. While Dürrenmatt revealed various sources himself throughout his lifetime, not least in the provokingly entitled “Bekenntnisse eines Plagiators” (1952), the cinema of his time remained one notable omission. A contemporaneous American western, the Oscar-nominated Bad Day at Black Rock (directed by John Sturges; Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, USA, 1955), in particular, provides a fruitful line of inquiry within the context of Der Besuch der alten Dame (1956). Parallels between the play and the film include striking structural, compositional, and formal similarities, as well as shared socio-political concerns, which help uncover another source of Dürrenmatt’s masterpiece. This article reveals much about Dürrenmatt’s method of work, namely a playful use and creative reappropriation of sources, including blockbusters from American cinema.
Epistemological Beliefs and Practices in High Schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Teachers’ Perspective
Authors: Saba Nosheen , Ghaffar Abdul , Zaman Amir
Published: January 2020

This paper describes teachers perceptions about the epistemological beliefs of the administrator, about school setting and what are the effects of these practices on effective school culture. Open-Ended interview questions were constructed to collect data and distributed among a sample of respondents. 16 teachers from 16 schools with one teacher from each school were selected randomly through convenient sampling technique. The study was guided by two research questions: How teachers perceive administrative beliefs and practices? How epistemological beliefs of administrators affect their practices? Themes and categories were examined to determine what administrators epistemological beliefs are and what administrators perceive they do in their schools to enact their epistemological beliefs. The study also concluded that better beliefs and practices of school principals have a very effective role in the school setting. The research design used for this study was qualitative approach, which further involved case study based on data grounded theory.
Social Construction of Feminism through Media: The Discourse and Critique in Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Noor , Bilal Muhammad , Butt Bisma
Published: January 2020

Feminism is about studying gender differences and regarding complementing the role of sexes in society. Unfortunately, Pakistan can be counted among the states that show less tolerance towards Feminism and has been regarded as a western concept that accounts for being unnecessary for an Islamic state. Post 911 Muslims became the center stage of world politics while Muslim women with false notions were started to seen as the oppressed and victimized. In portraying the image of women, world media has played an important role. With the changing media discourse, the perceptions regarding womens roles also changed. This research article would highlight the effect of media on the building of power structures of gender in Pakistan.