bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemasangan Sistem Otomatis pada Lampu Berbasis Sensor Cahaya (Photocell) di Wilayah RT 17 Kelurahan Sepinggan
Authors: Tuankotta Muhamad Hasyim , Saputra Dwy Anugerah , Febriani Febriani , Fitriani Rana , Amrilla Mutia , Dinda Dinda , Iqbal Randy Khairullah , Hafidz Rayhan Sultan , Aruan Samuel Candra Brain , Sakti Indra Tri , Wagimin Wagimin , Kurnia Wahyu Ismail
Published: September 2024

Seiring berkembangnya fasilitas umum, kemajuan teknologi pada sistem kelistrikan juga tidak bisa dihindari. Perkembangan tersebut perlu ditindaklanjuti untuk meningkatkan efisiensi kerja di masyarakat dan mengoptimalkan perangkat di ruang publik. Khususnya di wilayah RT 17, Kelurahan Sepinggan, fasilitas penerangan pada sekolah Tahfidz Adz Dzikru  masih berkerja atau dioperasikan secara manual. Pembuatan lampu otomatis bertujan untuk menghindari adanya pemborosan energi yang berlebihan ketika pihak setempat lupa mengoperasikan lampu sesuai waktunya. Kelalaian mematikan lampu merupakan salah satu bentuk pemborosan energi. Oleh karena itu perlu dibuat sistem yang dapat mengoperasikan lampu secara otomatis. Instalasi lampu dengan saklar otomatis Photocell ini ialah solusi untuk bisa memudahkan pihak sekolah Tahfidz Adz Dzikru dalam pengoperasian lampu yang dapat menyala atau mati tanpa harus ada yang mengoperasikan secara manual dan juga tentunya dapat mengurangi pemborosan energi secara berlebihan. Berdasarkan hasil konsolidasi dengan mitra, kegiatan pengabdian ini difokuskan pada modifikasi lampu teras di Sekolah Dasar Adz Dzikru dengan menambahkan teknologi photocell sehingga pengoperasian lampu tersebut dapat berlangsung secara otomatis. Di samping itu, dilakukan juga transfer pengetahuan dan keterampilan instalasi photocell pada beberapa warga guna mengantisipasi adanya kendala dan pengembangan di masa akan datang. Hasil kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu terpasangnya teknologi photocell di 2 titik lampu pada teras Sekolah Tahfidz Adz Dzikru dan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra terkait dengan teknologi photocell.
Penguatan Konsep Bernalar pada Pembelajaran Matematika Melalui Workshop Matematika Bagi Guru Segugus II Leuwiliang Bogor
Authors: Aisah Siti , Wirandani Wirandani
Published: September 2024

Mathematics requires unique teaching strategies so that abstract things that are never seen in real life can be rationally accepted by students, especially at the elementary school level. So students must be given the opportunity to learn through meaningful experiences so that they are able to understand concepts correctly. Reasoning mathematics learning means that the thinking process occurs when learning mathematics. Active involvement of students in the learning process is an absolute requirement for the ability to interpret basic concepts in mathematics. The basic concepts understood will be internalized as long-term mathematical knowledge. How to explain the concept of area of flat shapes to students is a challenge for elementary school teachers. This service activity aims to reinforce to teachers the importance of the concept of reasoning in mathematics learning. The partners for this community service activity are Public Elementary Schools in Cluster II, Leuwiliang District, Bogor Regency, which consists of 6 Public Elementary Schools. Through this activity, it is hoped that teachers will continue to develop their competencies and increase their capacity so that they become professional teachers. The service activities went well, the activity participants gave positive responses and stated that the training was very useful for improving teachers' professional competence and the quality of mathematics learning.
Penerapan Repacking pada Produk Rengginang Masagena di Kecamatan Konda
Authors: Syahruddin Syahruddin , Hamid Ahmad , Jasman Jasman , Purwitasari Paramitha , Kasim Hasdi Syahid , Menungsa Abdul Sarlan , Juliana Andi , Cahyani Roro
Published: September 2024

Rengginang merupakan makanan yang cenderung dinikmati oleh masyarakat di berbagai daerah, baik perkotaan maupun pedesaan, karena harganya yang murah dan dapat diakses oleh semua kalangan. Rengginang Masagena merupakan salah satu produk komersial di Desa Masagena Kecamatan Konda yang diproduksi oleh kelompok usaha masyarakat. Namun kendala yang dihadapi kelompok ini adalah kurangnya pemahaman mitra untuk meningkatkan kualitas kemasan sehingga penjualan produknya melambat. Hal ini dapat dilakukan terutama untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Penyelenggaraan layanan ini bertujuan untuk membantu mitra meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kualitas kemasan melalui pelatihan dan materi langsung. Hasil dari pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan pemahaman mitra meningkat secara signifikan mengenai manfaat penggunaan standing pouch sebagai kemasan baru pengganti kantong plastik yang digunakan sebelumnya, dan pengetahuan mitra terhadap penggunaannya. Begitu juga dengan penggunaan alat vacuum dan press kemasan yang digunakan dalam pengemasan rengginang dimana mitra meningkatkan dari segi pemahaman dan praktik langsung, kemudian mitra juga memahami bagaimana merancang dan membuat brand/merek dalam kemasan sehingga mitra memiliki produk yang memiliki merek yang pada akhirnya tim berharap mitra dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan penjualan produk rengginang.
Ecobricks Sebagai Edukasi Pengolahan dan Pemanfaatan Sampah Plastik untuk Siswa/i Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Farahdiansari Ardana Putri , Maulana Yoga , Febriansa Nungki Dio , Utomo Izza Ahmad , Al Khoirina Anita Sari
Published: September 2024

Sampah plastik merupakan salah satu masalah lingkungan global yang signifikan yang membawa dampak negatif terhadap tanah, air, udara, dan kesehatan manusia. Plastik yang sulit terurai menyumbang sekitar 15% dari total sampah domestik, dan masalah ini semakin terasa di Desa Bancer, Kecamatan Ngraho, Kabupaten Bojonegoro, yang menghadapi pencemaran lingkungan akibat sampah plastik dari jajanan anak-anak sekolah. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi isu pengelolaan sampah plastik di desa tersebut melalui program edukasi dan praktik pembuatan ecobricks yang melibatkan siswa/i SDN 1 Bancer. Program ini dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap: pertama, sosialisasi mengenai penggolongan sampah organik dan anorganik untuk meningkatkan kesadaran siswa/i tentang dampak sampah plastik dan pentingnya pemisahan sampah; kedua, pelatihan pembuatan ecobricks dari sampah plastik untuk menunjukkan aplikasi praktis daur ulang. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman siswa/i mengenai klasifikasi sampah, dengan 90% siswa/i mampu mengklasifikasikan sampah dengan benar setelah sosialisasi. Pelatihan pembuatan ecobricks juga memberikan keterampilan praktis dalam mengolah sampah plastik menjadi bahan yang bermanfaat. Program ini memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap pengelolaan sampah di Desa Bancer dan berpotensi menjadi model bagi komunitas lain. Kesadaran dan keterampilan yang dikembangkan diharapkan dapat membawa perubahan signifikan terhadap kualitas lingkungan dan mendorong pengelolaan sampah yang berkelanjutan di masa depan.
Strategi Pemanfaatan Nanas Lokal Melalui Diversifikasi Sirup dalam Pemberdayaan UMKM di Desa Tanjung Baru
Authors: Epriyani Jihan , Chaisarani Fadia , Putri Melia Sari Onika , Utami Sherly Adithia Putri , Anugra Defri , Setiawan Budi , Meirisari Vhika
Published: September 2024

Sebagian besar petani di Desa Tanjung Baru menjual nanas secara langsung tanpa pengolahan, yang mengakibatkan nilai ekonominya kurang optimal. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, pelatihan sangat penting untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dari produk nanas olahan. Inisiatif pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan nanas lokal di Desa Tanjung Baru, Kecamatan Lembak, Kabupaten Muara Enim, sekaligus memberdayakan petani dan pelaku UMKM melalui diversifikasi produk. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari empat tahapan: pertama, melakukan survei di perkebunan nanas dan analisis masalah untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh petani dan pelaku UMKM; kedua, wawancara dengan pemilik perkebunan dan pelaku UMKM untuk mengumpulkan informasi mengenai manajemen perkebunan, proses produksi, dan tantangan yang dihadapi; ketiga, fokus pada sosialisasi terkait pengolahan nanas menjadi produk bernilai tambah seperti sirup nanas, serta pendidikan kewirausahaan mengenai teknik pengemasan dan perhitungan keuangan dasar; dan terakhir, penekanan pada edukasi pengemasan produk dengan memberikan pelatihan tentang pemilihan jenis, desain, dan bahan kemasan yang tepat untuk menjamin kualitas, keamanan, dan daya tarik pasar produk. Hasil yang diharapkan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan petani dan pelaku UMKM, peningkatan proses pengolahan dan pengemasan produk, serta peningkatan perekonomian lokal melalui produksi sirup nanas bernilai tambah.
Mandibular Ameloblastoma: A Reported Case
Authors: Kassar H. , Marzouq S. E. , Berkich S. , Oumghar N. , Darfaoui M. , Omrani A. El , Khouchani M.
Published: September 2024

Ameloblastoma is a benign aggressive odontogenic tumor which requires early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. It commonly affects the mandible and radical surgery is the gold standard treatment. We report the case of a patient with ameloblastoma in extremely advanced phase affecting the retromolar trigone who was treated with concomitant chemoradiation therapy. Mandibular ameloblastoma is not well documented in the literature. It is usually diagnosed at the later stage when optimal surgery cannot be performed. This case study aimed to demonstrate that radiation therapy is a real therapeutic alternative in the treatment of advanced and inoperable forms of ameloblastoma.
Comparison Different Modulation Schemes in SISO and MIMO FSO links to Obtain Maximum FSO Link
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim , Saleh Reem
Published: September 2024

Proper Choose of modulation scheme in Free Space Optical (FSO) technique helps to improve FSO performance and this in turn helps to increase FSO link, so in this paper, the modulation schemes Return-to-Zero (RZ), Non Return-to-Zero (NRZ), Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK) and Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) were compared under Bit Error Rate (BER) constrains. Firstly, for Single Input Single Output (SISO) – FSO link and then for 4*4 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) – FSO link, where both were set up in OptiSystem V.7 simulation, all at the very clear air, clear air, light haze and thin fog conditions. The results concluded that performance of NRZ-OOK was asymptotic to the performance of DPSK in SISO FSO and 4*4 MIMO-FSO, under very clear air, clear air, light haze and thin fog conditions.
Production of Acetone, Butanol, and Ethanol in Repeated Batch Culture from Tryptone-Yeast Extract-Acetate Medium by Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1
Authors: Khalifa Khadeja
Published: September 2024

in this study, the use of a low-cost fermentation medium has a significant impact on the viability of most fermentation processes. A local strain of Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1 was used to repeatedly batch culture acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE). Use of the tryptone-yeast extract-acetate (TYA) medium, which contains 30 g/L glucose, was made for batch and repeated batch cultures. The experiment discovered the highest acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) concentration in repeated batch culture. ABE production during repeated batch fermentation was examined for the effects of several parameters, including drain and fill volume of medium and drain and fill times. The findings of repeated batch fermentation demonstrated that the production was maximum at 50% (v/v) of drain and fill volume at 48 hours acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE). The second cycle had the highest concentrations of butanol, ethanol, and acetone at 7.12, 2.39, and 3.04 g/L, respectively. This study demonstrated that Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1 batch culture fermentation of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) was improved by repeated batch fermentation. The TYA medium can be thought of as a viable low cost substrate for ABE fermentation, according to this study's findings.
دراسة وتحليل لأهم برامج المحاكاة للمنظومة الشمسية الكهروضوئية (ورقة مراجعة)
Authors: الجبو حنين , بن غزي هناء , أبوزيد محمد
Published: September 2024

يوجد عدد من البرمجيات المتاحة حاليا في السوق لمحاكاة أنظمة الطاقة الشمسية الكهروضوئية، حيث تستخدم هذه البرمجيات في تصميم المنظومات الشمسية الكهروضوئية تصميما كاملا؛ يشمل المكونات الرئيسية للمنظومة ونتائج التحاليل للطاقة الناتجة والفقد والمنحنيات المختلفة في تقيم أداء المنظومة بالإضافة للتحاليل الاقتصادية والتخطيط و المراقبة والتحكم وخرائط الإشعاع الشمسي وغيرها من التحاليل المهمة للمنظومة الكهروضوئية. في هذه الورقة تم دراسة ووصف وتقييم عدد من أهم هذه البرمجيات وذلك اعتمادا على مزاياها وعيوبها في مختلف مراحل تصميم الأنظمة الكهروضوئية. كنتائج لهذه الدراسة واعتمادا على المزايا والعيوب لهذه البرمجيات؛ تقدم هذه الورقة للمستخدم البرمجيات الأفضل والأجود في تصميم هذه المنظومات، وكذلك  تقدم اختيار برامج المحاكاة  التي  تختص بمهمة معينة ومحددة.
التحليل الإحصائي لحوادث الطرق حالة دراسية على مدينة مصراتة
Authors: الكبير عبد المنعم
Published: September 2024

الملخص
A Framework for Deploying GIS Applications to Monitor the Spatial Distribution of Epidemics COVID-19 Epidemic in Libya Case Study
Authors: A. Maitieg A. Maitieg , A. Aljamel A. Aljamel , W. Eltarjaman W. Eltarjaman
Published: September 2024

A Geographic Information System GIS is a computer program that can analyze big geospatial data to recognize the patterns of that data and obtain structured and organized information from it. Processing geographic information manually is not an easy task. Additionally, the obtained results often do not meet the needed accuracy. As a result, GIS programs have achieved worldwide success and spread due to their compared accuracy and flexibility. Also, the recent development of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques significantly contributed to increasing the efficiency and accuracy of these programs. On the other hand, technological advances in digital electronics and the advent of cloud computing have significantly lowered costs, which allowed even small businesses to access satisfactory GIS software. This paper explains the importance of geographic information systems in displaying, tracking, and monitoring spatial data to support strategic decision-making bodies. To illustrate our point, we decided to present a framework for developing a GIS dashboard to track the spread of COVID-19 in Libya as a case study.
Explicit Formulations of Mass and Stiffness Matrices for Vibration Analysis of Tapered Elements
Authors: Ahmida Khaled
Published: September 2024

This paper presents explicit formulations to calculate the mass and stiffness matrices used in the finite element method for vibration analysis in rod, beam, and shaft tapered elements. The cross-sections of these elements are considered to vary linearly. The analyses of two types of cross-sections are carried out; the circular cross-section and the rectangular cross-section. The shape functions are formulated for each type of elements. The presented formulations are straightforward to use in a piecewise form. As an acceptable alternative, the obtained expressions are benchmarked by replacing the tapered member with a sufficient number of rigidly connected uniform elements. The comparison is made between the obtained modal parameters, mainly the natural frequencies of the analyzed element. The obtained results are accurate and confirm the reliability of the presented formulations.
Impact of Superconductor Technologies on Network Design and Energy Cost- a Case Study in Libya
Authors: Elsherif Dr.Mustafa , Gnefeed Hamouda , Elzowawi Dr.Alseddig
Published: September 2024

Several studies and investigations haveattempted to introduce a new design for the conventionaldistribution networks. This proposed design aims to offer a reduction in substation installation cost and in power losses by eliminating some voltage levels in networks. Sine, this is difficult to achieve with conventional distribution networks, when the conventional cables and transformers are used, where the impedance of conventional equipment is high. Due to High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS) materials provide extremely low impedance to AC when cooled to the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77K), the interest in using HTS materials to produce power cables and transformers is increased. The present paper investigates the practical impacts of installing HTS cables and transformers and seeks to introduce a future network design which leads to the best implementation for superconducting networks, thus, a drop in the substation installation cost and energy losses cost by eliminating some voltage levels in the traditional networks.
SUB-SYNCHRONOUS RESONANCE FREQUENCY EFFECT On STATCOM SMALL-SIGNAL MODEL And STABILITY ASSESSMENT MEASURES
Authors: Abojlala Khaled
Published: September 2024

Sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) is a well-known phenomenon caused by power exchange between the network and the mechanical part of the generators. The STATCOM controller is a type of shunt FACTS devices employed to compensate the SSR and provide the necessary dynamics to the system. Investigating their contribution to the network requires a good representation of the STATCOM at different operating conditions. This paper presents two modelling techniques found in the literature, synchronous dq and dq-dynamic phasor modelling. The SSR frequency is included in the STATCOM model using a dq-dynamic phasor and compared with conventional dq modelling. The modelling is carried out for the small signal stability assessment techniques, while the validation is done using the time domain model under MATLAB/Simulink environment. In addition, the paper discusses the suitability of different stability measures to identify the stable operation of the STATCOM using the two derived models. The paper presented the suitability of criteria-based transfer functions to assess the SSR effect with the ability to track small signal changes.
Performance Analysis and Aerodynamic Design of Axial Flow Compressors
Authors: Mohamed Saleh , El-Hasnawi Mohamed
Published: September 2024

The main objective of the paper is to analyze theperformance of axial flow compressors and to generate asystematic design approach which enables to designsubsonic flow ones. In order to investigate the validity of this approach, the LP axial flow compressor of the RR SpeyMK511 turbofan engine is taken as an example. The designcalculations were based on thermodynamics, gas dynamics,fluid mechanics and empirical relations. The flow isassumed to be of two-dimensional compressible type withconstant axial and rotor blade velocities with a free-vortexswirl distribution. Design calculations includethermodynamic properties of the working fluid, number ofcompressor performance parameters such as, stagetemperature rise and number, flow and blade angles (bladetwist), velocity triangles and relative inlet Mach number atrotor blades tips as well as blades tip and hub diameters. Arepeated calculation is made to determine these parametersalong compressor stages. The variation of velocity whirlcomponents, air and blade angles, deflection and degree ofreaction from root to tip of the blades were also determined.The twist of the blades along the blade length is setaccording to the recommended values in order to obtainsmooth blade twist profile.
Effects of Outdoor Conditions on the Compound Parabolic Concentrator Performance
Authors: Khaled E. Albahloul
Published: September 2024

In this study, the effect of outdoor conditions(wind velocity and ambient temperature) on the thermalefficiency of a non-evacuated Compound ParabolicConcentrator solar collector (CPC) was investigated fortwo different flow rates. Matlab program was built, andsimulation results for different outdoor conditions werecompared with an actual outdoor data set that was takenat Misurata city, Libya. Although this study showed someeffects of outdoor conditions on the CPC collectorcomponent’s temperatures and heat losses, no importantinfluence on the collector efficiency was noticed.Therefore, even though wind velocity and ambienttemperature vary throughout the day, approximatingthem as constant values is a reasonable assumption. Massflow rate is the most important parameter that affects theCPC efficiency.
Effect of the Inductive Load on the Capacitance Requirement of Self-Excited Induction Generator
Authors: Ashraf Mohamed  , Ahmed Abdolkhalig  , Fatihe R.Abusief
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a simple and direct analytical method is proposed to analyze the effect of the load inductance to obtain the minimum requirement of the capacitance for self-excited induction generator for different speeds. A computer software has been developed to compute the minimum capacitance requirement at different load conditions for excitation of the machine for wide range of speeds. Results are compared and discussed in detail..
Laboratory Studies of the Phase Microemulsions between Oil, Gaberoun Lake Water, and Surfactant Systems by using Phase Behavior Test
Authors: Madi A.Naser
Published: September 2024

Microemulsion phase behavior is the mostimportant phenomenon related to any type of chemicalenhanced oil recovery (EOR) using surfactant. An EORprocess in which a small amount of surfactant is added to anaqueous fluid injected to sweep the reservoir. The presenceof surfactant reduces the interfacial tension between the oiland water phases to improve oil recovery. This research wasconducted through interaction with the micelles of asurfactant in a Gaberoun Lake Water (GLW), a substancespontaneously dissolves to form a stable and clear solution.The laboratory experiment was designed to solubilize the oilby GLW with oil and surfactant to form an emulsion (ME)consisting of oil and water. The GLW and surfactant waterwere prepared by different concentrations and salinity asaqueous. The aqueous was injected into special glass tubesand placed inside the oven at different temperatures from30 oC to 70 oC at ambient pressure. The glass tubes were leftuntil equilibrium condition for 72 hours. In this study, newresults using dead oil and surfactant with Libyan leak waterwere presented. The range of the thickness of the ME from0.1ml to 1.4 ml. The result showed that the ME wasdecreased with a decrease in surfactant concentration valuesand increased with a decrease salinity. The findings in thisresearch that GLW can be used for oil recovery processes.
Selection and Production of a Suitable Support for Palladium Membranes
Authors: Nabil Alhassan
Published: September 2024

The present work focuses on establishing anactual manufacturing strategy that is suitable for the viableproduction of a substrate support for a palladiummembrane; one that will lower production costs and beutilised to gain a competitive edge within the industry.Porous stainless steel supports for palladium membraneswere produced using various types of stainless steel powdersand methods. Observations indicate that SS powder 410Ltype Chengdu Huarui with particle sizes 1-5 μm, sintered inthe HPT induction furnace at temperatures between 930-950°C for a period of 8 minutes, in the presence of argonflow and vacuum, creates a first-class Pd membranesubstrate. Notwithstanding that this result is the mosteconomical method. The results of the study were based onthe: roughness test, first bubble point test, and scanningelectron microscope (SEM). The Chengdu Huarui powdertype 410 L – 1-5 μm, which achieved the best results,produced a roughness test result of Ra 0.614 μm, and abubble point pore size is 1.992 μm.
Effect of Pre-Weld Sand Blasting on Residual Stress Distribution in Ship Steel Using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Technique
Authors: Mohamed M. Blaow  , Ali M. Alzreedy
Published: September 2024

This paper aims at investigating the effect of preweldsandblasting on residual stresses distribution in shipsteel plates using magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN)technique. The measurements have been conducted along aline crossing the weld as a function of distance from theweld bead at the back of the plate. Four tests have beenperformed in the experiment in four conditions. The asreceived,sand blasted, as received-welded and the sandblasted–welded plates are tested. The as-received plateshows a statistically constant Barkhausen noise levelindicative of the specimen processing history. The sandblasted plate shows a similar Barkhausen noise behavior butof lower intensity. The welded specimen shows a pattern ofthe Barkhausen response characteristic of the heat affectedzone (HAZ) as a result of residual stresses redistribution.The sand blasted-welded specimen shows also a similarpattern but of lower intensity. The difference in the inducedsignals is attributed to the impedance and accumulation ofresidual compressive stresses due to sandblasting. The resultindicates that the resultant residual tensile stresses at theheat affected zone could be reduced by using pre-weldsandblasting process.
Data Security and Cryptography Substitution Techniques Algorithms implementation
Authors: Afat Abdulmajid M. Afat
Published: September 2024

Cryptography and data security have been usedto make data more secure for many years, militarycommunications are having a major impact on growingcryptography field. Although the internet have been invitedin the ends 1960's, but it is not appear to public until inventthe World Wide Web (www) in 1989. The World Wide Weballows people to e-mail each other and transfer data. Thisappeared as one reason in growing use of computer. Inaddition needs to make e-commerce more secure.Cryptography understanding helps to find better ways orprotocols to make transfer data faster and more efficient.This paper starts with a brief background about securityand cryptography. It provides central concepts ofcryptography. Also provides an account of substitutiontechniques algorithms and their implementation. Theimplementation will be as an application in c# language thatreads a text, encodes it by a specified algorithm and decodesthe encrypted text. In addition explaining the mathematicalfunctions used in the algorithms
Finite Element Analysis based Stress Intensity Factor Solutions for Surface Cracks
Authors: Terfas Osama , Kraima Abdulbaset , Arieby Rida
Published: September 2024

The stress intensity concept is important in termsof crack extension as critical values of the stress intensityfactors govern crack initiation. Therefore, the present workdetermines stress intensity factors for semielliptical shallowand deep surface cracks as a function of parametric angle,crack depth, and aspect ratio for tension and bending loads.The stress intensity factors are obtained from a threedimensional
finite-element analysis of semielliptical surfacecracks in finite plates subjected independently to tensionand bending loads under elastic conditions. The obtainedstress intensity factor is used to predict the crack growthunder linear elastic conditions. Results show that the stressintensity factor varies along the crack front for shallow anddeep cracks. At the deepest point in bending and tension thestress intensity factor increases as the ratio of the crackdepth to the crack length at surface decreases. However, atthe free surface the stress intensity factor becomesmaximum when the crack depth equals crack length. Asurface crack in tension loading is predicted to break thewall thickness with a relatively small amount of crackgrowth at surface. While in bending the crack breaksthrough with large amount of crack growth in the widthdirection.
مقدمة للغات الرسمية ونظريات الأتمتة
Authors: عفط عبد المجيد
Published: September 2024

هذه الورقة تقدم شرح مفصل حول اللغات الرسمية والطرق المختلفة لتمثيل هذه اللغات, كذلك تعريف الأتمتة وتصنيفاتها والربط بين اللغات الرسمية ونظريات الأتمتة. بالإضافة إلي ذلك توضح الخوارزميات المستخدمة للتحويل بين تصنيفات الأتمتة المختلفة. بالإضافة إلي توضيح الفرق بين اللغات التامة والغير تامة والضوابط التي تحدد كلا منهما. كما  تقدم تعريف المشكلة في هذا المجال واستخدام العمليات علي اللغات التي تساعد في تكوين لغات كبيرة ومعقدة يمكن استخدامها في تطوير البرمجيات الضخمة. هذا بالإضافة إلي إعطاء بعض المفاهيم الأساسية الواجب معرفتها للخوض في مجال اللغات الرسمية ونظريات الأتمتة.
تطوير خوارزميات لإجراء التقليل المنتظم لبيانات الماسحات الضوئية ثلاثية الأبعاد
Authors: الجعراني محمود , الشويعر نصرالدين , الشافعي هناء
Published: September 2024

تقليل سحابة النقاط له فوائد مختلفة منها ما يؤدي لتقليل وقت مرحلة بناء الشبكة المثلثية، إضافة إلى ذلك فإن تقليل سحابة النقاط يؤدي إلى تصفية سحابة النقاط الناتجة من توحيد مجموعة من سحابات النقاط المختلفة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تطوير خوارزميات لمرحلة معالجة البيانات التي حصل عليها عن طريق الماسحات الضوئية ثلاثية الأبعاد، واستخدام واجهة المستخدم الرسومية لإخراجها، هذه البيانات هي مجموعة كبيرة من النقاط التي تمثل السطح الخارجي للمنتج، بحيث يمكن الحصول منها على النموذج الإلكتروني ثلاثي الأبعاد للكائن الهدف، ويمكن اعتبار الملف الذي تم إنشاؤه على انه مدخلات لتمثيل السطوح الأولية ومن ثم إلى آلة النمذجة السريعة، أو في صيغة يمكن أن تُرسل إلى آلات التشغيل المبرمج مما يشكل الخطوة النهائية لكامل عملية الهندسة العكسية، أو لبيئة برمجيات التصميم والتصنيع باستخدام الحاسوب لتوليد نماذج هندسية عالية الجودة. في هذه الدراسة تم وصف التقليل المنتظم والخوارزميات المستخدمة لذلك، يليه تطبيق واجهة المستخدم الرسومية، حيث كان مصدر الأمثلة التطبيقية لسحابة النقاط مستند على استعمال الماسح الالكتروني المتكون من عدد اثنين آلات تصوير أحادية اللون للحصول على صور للسطح وبدقة pixel768×1024، وجهاز عرض رقمي خفيف ذو لون أحادي أبيض لكي يولد سلسلة من الحافات البيضاء والسوداء المتوازنة بموصفات pixel960×1280، هذا النظام يجعل من الممكن الحصول على 784641 من النقاط التي تُعَرِف المجال العام لتجميع البيانات. لذلك من الممكن الحصول على التفاصيل حتى للأجسام المعقدة، ووضع مقارنة باستعمال برامج أنظمة التصميم والتصنيع التجارية، حيث استخدم برنامجGEOMAGIC  في التثليث وخلق StL للتطبيقات المستخدمة.
Darcy and Non-Darcy Flow Through Packing Particles
Authors: Elsharafi Mahmoud , Susi Abdunaser , Baptiste Marcus , Chapman Shaloy , Rolle Theo
Published: September 2024

Darcy and non-Darcy flow through packing particles is an important study to determine the flow rate and pressure drop through porous media. Darcy is formed with a low liquid flow rate while the non-Darcy flow is formed with a high flow rate. The objective of this experiment is to determine the flow performance through packing particles. In this study, a syringe piston pump is used to inject the water through various packing particles. The permeability of the material was calculated using Darcy’s Equation. This study considered different variables such as: flow rate viscosity, the cross-sectional area of the sample, the pressure difference across the sample, and the length of the sample for the permeability calculation. The results showed high and low permeability rates of the specimens using in the experiment. Consequently, the results of this experiment can be used for selecting the best particle sizes for water treatments and hydraulic fracking in reservoir stimulation or enhanced oil recovery methods (EOR).
A Quantitative Numerical Study for the Interaction of Strong Shock Waves with Heterogeneous Bubbles
Authors: Jolgam Shaban , Ballil Ahmed , Nowakowski Andrzej , Shati Abdulmaged
Published: September 2024

A qualitative and quantitative numerical study of compressible flows characterized by various physical properties jumps across the interface is presented in this work. Interactions of strong planar shock waves of high Mach numbers (1.5 ≤ Ma ≤ 3) with cylindrical gas bubbles are examined under re-shock conditions. Three distinctive gas bubbles which are Helium, Nitrogen and sulfur-hexaflouride surrounded by air that produce heavy/light, close molecular weight and light/heavy configurations are considered. To capture the interface evolution in two-component flows a diffuse interface technique is utilized. A numerical algorithm is constructed to solve the reduced hyperbolic six-equation model with a single velocity and two pressures. The approximate HLL Riemann solver scheme is used with an extended second order finite volume Godunov type approach. The non-conservative equations and terms which are essential part of the model to accomplish the interface conditions are considered by the implemented numerical scheme. The computed results using a moderate shock velocity (Ma = 1.5) moving through an open shock tube are compared with published experimental data. The computations are extended to consider both high Mach numbers and re-shock conditions. The physical behavior of these various flow systems is reproduced by the obtained results. All investigated cases show the effect of molecular weight, density and Mach number on the interface evolution and the vortex formation.
Modeling of Opposing Mixed Convection of Air in Partially Cooled Vertical Channels
Authors: Radwan Musa
Published: September 2024

in this paper opposing laminar mixed convection in partially cooled vertical channel is investigated numerically. Temperature profiles, Nusselt number and velocity profiles at various axial locations in the cooled part of opposing buoyancy flow are presented. Streamlines and isotherms have been also plotted for different values of Grashof number, Gr. Conservation equations of continuity, momentum and energy were solved simultaneously using Finite volume method. The effect of the cooled section on the flow pattern and heat transfer performance is investigated for given Grashof numbers. The influence of axial diffusion and it's relevant to flow reversal at the entrance region of the channel was taken into account in the governing equations and particular attention is given to the ratio │Gr / Re2│. The effect of opposing bouncy forces on the hydrodynamic and thermal fields was examined for air with Re = 500, 105 ≤ │Gr ≤ │ 3*105. Reversal flow was observed near the channel wall for this opposing buoyancy flow. It was noticed that the friction factor, f•ReL ,for the ratio │Gr / Re2 │≥ 1.2 was unstable over the cooled length, becomes negative and then increases to an asymptotic value of 16 over the insulated section. The presented numerical results revealed some interesting features which may be summarized as: (i) Globally Nusselt number decreases and reaches asymptotic value at the end of the cooling section. However for Gr = -3*105 Nusselt decreases and reach a minimum value approximately equal to 3.12. (ii) For Gr up to │3ₓ105│ the Boussinesq approximation still predicts reasonably the heat transfer rate.
Investigation of Smartphone Usage Mobile Applications Versus Mobile Websites
Authors: Othman Safa
Published: September 2024

The utilization of mobile applications and services by the smartphone users is ever increasing over the last two decades. A considerable amount of research work has been done in this field with different aims and objectives. The aim of the work done in this study is to understand the preferences of smartphone users regarding the usage of the Internet in their devices either by mobile applications or via mobile websites. Our findings will be useful for mobile application developers to understand the main aspects of consumers and what they expect from their mobile usage experience. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a survey was conducted with over 250 participants. In the second phase, interviews were conducted with 30 participants based on testing two implemented applications (a native mobile application and a mobile website). The collected data is analyzed using different statistical methods. Obtained results show that mobile applications are mostly preferred, especially for the most common and frequently used applications among users. Moreover, respondents find that mobile applications are better in most aspects. However, we cannot ignore the proportion of participants who make their preferences according to site.
Parametric Study of the SUR Method for the Simulation of Quasi-Brittle Materials
Authors: Alnaas Waled , Rifai Abdussalam , Sryh Lamen
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the authors study the influence theform of the smooth unloading-reloading function on thenonlinear solution characteristics of the recently developedsmooth unloading-reloading (SUR) approach for nonlinearfinite element simulation of quasi-brittle materials. TheSUR method uses a target function and a smooth unloadingreloadingfunction to compute an approximate tangentmatrix with an incremental-iterative Newtown type solutionscheme. The smooth unloading-reloading function has twomain parameters p a and ν which affect the form of the SURfunction. The study is illustrated using different values ofthe two main parameters of the SUR curve. A Mathcad codehas been written to carry out the nonlinear finite elementanalysis of the numerical example presented in this paper.
Corrosion Behavior of Chromium Conversion Coated AZ91C Magnesium Alloy in Sodium Borate and Sodium Chloride Aqueous solutions
Authors: Aldarwish Mustafa , Karrab Salem , Ballem Mohamed
Published: September 2024

A chromium containing film was deposited on the surface of the investigated AZ91C magnesium alloy by chemical conversion process. The microstructure and surface morphology of the as- received and coated alloys were initially characterized by optical microscope. The corrosion behavior of AZ91C before and after coating was studied through weight loss technique by immersion in 3.5% NaCl and borate solutions at various concentrations and pH values. Surface corrosion products and passivation films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The obtained results showed that AZ91C coated with chromium conversion coating exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance, furthermore X-ray diffraction revealed that corrosion damage was mainly caused by formation of crystalline phase Mg(OH)2. The addition of borate with different concentration enhanced the protection with efficiency of 86% recorded at 0.2N sodium borate concentration and 3.5% NaCl.Corrosion behavior
تحديد الكمية الاقتصادية للمخزون باستخدام تقنيات التحسين المثلى
Authors: مليطان الصديق , شتوان علي , شنب عمر
Published: September 2024

يشكل المخزون بالمؤسسات الصناعية والخدمية نسبة قد تصل إلى 50% من إجمالي التكاليف سنوياً، ولذلك تعمل المؤسسات على تخفيض تكاليفها وزيادة أرباحها، لتعزز من قدرتها التنافسية في السوق. تهدف الدراسة إلى بناء نموذج رياضي لحل مشكلة المخزون من خلال تطبيق النموذج على حالة دراسية بشركة المجمع الاستثماري لصناعة مواد البناء الكائنة بمدينة مصراتة باستخدام نموذج الكمية الاقتصادية للطلب (EOQ) Economic Order Quantity ومقارنته مع تقنيات التحسين المثلى Optimization Techniques المتمثلة في خوارزميتي أسراب الطيور ومحاكاة التلدين لتحديد الكمية الاقتصادية المثلى من المخزون، والتي تقلل من التكاليف الإجمالية للمؤسسة، وتغطي الطلب خلال الفترة الزمنية المحددة. تم جمع البيانات من خلال منظومة المخازن والمشتريات بالشركة، وكذلك من خلال المقابلات الميدانية التي تمت مع رؤساء الأقسام المختصين بإدارة المخازن وإدارة المشتريات. تم بناء النموذج الرياضي للحالة الدراسية وحله باستخدام الكمية الاقتصادية للطلب وكذلك بواسطة الخوارزميتين PSO، SA بالاستعانة ببرنامج الماتلاب. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن الكمية الاقتصادية المثلى لطلب مادة محلل الطينات بلغت 134.06 طن، فيما تقدر الكمية التي تطلبها الشركة حالياً بحوالي 326.25 طن، بنسبة تخفيض تقدر بحوالي 41 %. كذلك أظهرت نتائج الدراسة انخفاضاً في التكاليف الإجمالية للحالة الدراسية بلغت 23,490 دينار. كما أثبتت الدراسة أن خوارزمية PSO تحقق وصول أسرع للحل الأمثل بالمقارنة مع خوارزمية SA، حيث تحتاج خوارزمية SA لعدد كبير من التكرارات للوصول للحل الأمثل. كما بينت نتائج المقارنة للدراسة إمكانية تحقيق وفورات مالية لخفض التكاليف الإجمالية لباقي البنود التي يتم الاحتفاظ بها في الشركة.الكمية
تصميم وتصنيع قالب تثبيت مقلة العين للتدريب الجراحي باستخدام تقنية النمذجة السريعة
Authors: باله عبد العظيم , الزعلوك الحسن , شاهين عبد الله
Published: September 2024

تقنية النمذجة بالصهر والترسيب هي أحد تقنيات التصنيع بالإضافة أو ما يعرف بالطباعة الثلاثية الأبعاد. تقنية جديدة اقتحمت جميع المجالات الصناعية والخدمية، انتشر استخدامها بشكل واسع وذلك لما لها من قدرات كبيرة مستمدة من قدرات الحاسبات الآلية، فهي قادرة على تصنيع المنتجات ذوات التصاميم المعقدة وفي عملية إنتاجية واحدة وبدون الحاجة لأي مهارات يدوية ولا قوالب تشكيل. اختص هذا البحث بتوظيف هذه التقنية لإنتاج أحد المعدات الطبية (قالب تثبيت مقلة العين لغرض التدريب الجراحي والتخطيط للعمليات) المستخدمة في قسم طب وجراحة العيون بمستشفي الطواري مصراتة، وذلك لتلبية إحتياج المستشفي لهذه المُعدة بسبب عدم توفرها بالسوق المحلي وارتفاع تكلفة استيرادها من الخارج. لقد تم استخدام أسلوب الهندسة العكسية في تصميم القالب بالإعتماد على الصور المتاحة في الأسواق الإلكترونية وتحقيق ما طلبه الأطباء من خصائص ووظائف إظافية على هو موجود بالمنتجات المتاحة بالسوق العالمية. تم انتاج النسخة الأولي للقالب واختبارها على مرحلتين؛ الأولى التأكد من مقاسات القالب والثانية اختبار الوظيفة التي تمت في المستشفي بمعرفة الأطباء أصحاب العلاقة وكانت النتائج مرضية جداً، باستثناء بعض التعديلات التي تُحسن من آداء القالب. تم إصدار النسخة الثانية من المنتج متضمنة كل التعديلات والإضافات التي طلبتها الجهه المستخدمة وإضافة تعديلات أخري قيّمة حسنت من أداء المنتج. كما تم احتساب الكلفة الكلية للقالب وإعادة تقييمه بطرقتين؛ الأولى تضمنت إستبيان وجه مرة ثانية للجهه المستخدمة وكانت النتائج ممتازة، والثانية عن طريق مقارنته بمنتجات مماثلة، حيث أشارت نتائج المقارنة إلى كفاءة التقنية العالية جداً في انتاج منتجات منافسة وبتكلفة منخفضة جداً.
Optimal Sizing and Life-cycle Cost Modelling of Hydraulic Capsule Pipelines
Authors: Abushaala Sufyan , Alajail Abdulla , Shwehdy Dunia , Shaneb Abdulmunaem
Published: September 2024

Estimation of the total cost is essential for the planning and the designing of pipelines in a cost-effective way. As a result, the total cost modelling could go beyond the established objectives of least-cost design and optimization. This study incorporates a design methodology for pipelines transporting spherical capsules, which have variant sizes and densities. A methodology has been developed to determine the optimal size and lifetime of pipelines transporting solid–liquid mixtures (Capsule Flow). The methodology includes a model for the prediction of various life-cycle costs. The methodology provides a closed form solution to predict the optimal pipe diameter corresponding to the least total cost. Such solutions are obtained for different life-cycle costs, of which the one associated with minimum annual total cost provides the lifetime. The developed methodology has been used to obtain the optimal diameter of a pipeline for a practical case. The study reveals the interrelationship between the optimal pipe diameter and the corresponding minimum total cost.
تقييم مخاطر التلوث السمعي
Authors: بن ساسي أ. جمال , المطردي أ. علي , الأمين د. فتحي
Published: September 2024

لقياس مقدار مخاطر الضجيج داخل المصانع الإنتاجية, خصوصا التي بها آلات ضخمة وأفران صهر, يجب حساب المخاطر والتعامل معها بطريقة علمية ودقيقة ومقارنتها بالمعدلات العالمية وفقا لنظريات وطرق معتمدة من هيئات الأمن والسلامة ومنع الخسائر الدولية. وقد تم تطبيق دراسة وتحليل مخاطر الضجيج داخل مصنع الاختزال المباشر بمجمع شركة الحديد والصلب بمصراتة. جمعت البيانات والمعلومات من خلال قياسات للتلوث السمعي (الضوضاء) على البيئة المحيطة للآلات والمعدات بإحدى مصانع الشركة الليبية للحديد والصلب. تم استخدام إحدى الأجهزة الخاصة لقياس الضوضاء الحقلية ومقارنة نتائجها مع النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من خلال إحدى تطبيقات الأجهزة الإلكترونية الذكية Sound Meter، ومن تم تحليل نتائج كل منها.
     خلصت هذه الورقة البحثية إلى الوصول لنتائج أسفرت عن وجود تأثيرات مباشرة وغير مباشر للتلوث السمعي في عدة مواقع داخل المصنع محل الدراسة ولمسافات متفاوتة قربا وبعداً من مواقع المعدات والأجهزة والآلات المختلفة. كما تم مقارنة نتائج كل من الأجهزة السابقة الذكر مع الحدود المسموح بها للعمل في بيئة الضوضاء وفق المعايير المعمول بها بمنظمة الصحة العالمية. من خلال النتائج العملية تم استنتاج عدم الاعتماد على نتائج قراءات وتطبيقات الأجهزة الإلكترونية الذكية في اتخاذ القرارات ذات العلاقة، وذلك عند مقارنتها بالنتائج ذات الدلالة والواقعية التي أظهرتها الأجهزة الخاصة بقياس الضوضاء الموجودة داخل المجمع.
Thermal Comfort in Different Types of Buildings: A review study
Authors: Elaiab Dr. Fatima
Published: September 2024

The paper presents a literature review of thermal comfort on buildings in different sectors. Main factors affecting thermal comfort will be discussed. Heat loss and gain through buildings will be highlighted which is responsible for the state condition of the users in different types of buildings. In addition, focus on the effect of building’s function on thermal comfort.
Moore And Chien Correlation To Address The Issue Of Hole Cleaning In Guba Field – Libya
Authors: Aghanaya Mahfoud
Published: September 2024

Hole cleaning and hydraulics are important part of drilling operations that need to be carefully reviewed and incorporated in drilling program. Poor hole cleaning could lead to various problems like slow rate of penetration (ROP), excessive torque and drag, excessive wear on bit, pipe sticking problems, and possibly fracturing of formation.In this work, Since hole cleaning is a major problem associated with drilling operations. There is an evaluation of the effect of the drilling fluid rheology parameters and flow rate on hole cleaning. Correlation methods such as Moore and Chien correlation have been made to provide the most suitable approach to address the issue of a hole cleaning. On the other hand, also explains the effect of the flow rate in the equivalent circulating density (ECD) in terms of frictional pressure loss in the annulus. The result of analysis demonstrates how the rheology parameters and flow do affect the hole cleaning and concludes that the ECD and frictional pressure loss in the annulus are affected by the flow rate.
Estimation Algorithm to Improve Cellular System Performance by Moving Base Stations locations
Authors: Masoud Fathi , ELsadeg Zakarya
Published: September 2024

Cellular system adopts the idea of frequency reuse, where the frequency bandwidth of each cell is repeated in non-adjacent cell, in order to use the available frequency band efficiently, however, the interference occurs even between the distant cells. The aim of the paper is to reduce the interference between these co-cells.The user receives the signal from its own cell, as well as the signal from the far cell which has the same frequency, the parameter Signal to Interference Ration, SIR, is the main factor to evaluate the performance of the cellular system.In this paper, we propose algorithm to move the locations of base stations of the cells, in order to increase SIR value, decrease Probability of blocking, and number of users out of coverage.
Checking Loadability Limits and Finding Optimal Location and Size of SVC to Improve Loadability
Authors: Jannat Mohamed
Published: September 2024

Voltage instability is a significant issue that could happen in power systems and sometimes leads to the outage of the system. Voltage instability study is important in power system planning and continual operation. In addition, the maximum loadability ranking process of buses can be performed by computing line stability while increasing the reactive power loads.In this paper, by using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT); the IEEE 30 bus system is used to identify the voltage instability by using the Continuation Power Flow (CPF) method. Also, optimal sizing and location of SVC devices to improve the loadability in the system.
دراسة مفهوم الجــــــــــــــــــــــودة لدى طلاب الجامعة
Authors: قليوان د. سليمان
Published: September 2024

دخلت كلمة الجودة إلى عالمنا اليوم في مخلف ْالمؤسسات الإنتاجية والخدمية ولكي يتم نجاح أي مؤسسة عليها إن تؤمن بمبدأ نشر مفاهيم الجودة، والتطوير المستمر، والعمل الجماعي، وتشيع مشاركة العاملين بالإضافة إلى التركيز على قياس رضا المستخدمين الذين يمثلون الهدف الأساسي لتحقيق الجودة وتقديم أفضل الخدمات لهم.
    إن الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو التعرف علي مدى انتشار مفهوم الجودة بين الطلبة داخل جامعة مصراته عن طريق أخد عينة من طلبة احد الكليات، بحيث تم التركيز علي قياس مفهوم الجودة لدى الطلاب بالاعتماد علي الإطار النظري باستخدام المراجع والدراسات السابقة، والإطار العملي بشكل أساسي باستخدام الاستبانة، ومجتمع الدراسة يتكون من عينة من طلبة السنة النهائية بأحد كليات جامعة مصراتة واهم النتائج التي توصلنا إليها تشير إلى ارتباط مفهوم الجودة لديهم بالتحسين المستمر وتلبية توقعات الزبائن والتي سيتم التطرق لها خلال البحث التالي.