bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiac magnetic resonance haemodynamics in paediatric heart transplant patients: fick oximetry versus cardiac magnetic resonance phase contrast
Authors: Schramm Jennifer , Cronin Ileen , McCarter Robert , Mandell Jason G. , Downing Tacy , Kanter Joshua , Cross Russell , Olivieri Laura
Published: June 2023

Background:

Lifetime radiation exposure for paediatric orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) patients is significant with cardiac catheterisation as the dominant source. Interventional cardiac magnetic resonance is utilised to obtain simultaneous, radiation-free haemodynamics and flow/function measurements. We sought to compare invasive haemodynamic measurements and radiation exposure in traditional cardiac catheterisation, to comprehensive interventional cardiac magnetic resonance.

Methods:

Twenty-eight OHT patients who underwent 67 interventional cardiac magnetic resonance procedures at Children’s National Hospital were identified. Both invasive oximetry with peripheral oxygen saturation (Fick) and cardiac magnetic resonance phase contrast measurements of pulmonary and systemic blood flow were performed. Systemic and pulmonary blood flow from the two modalities was compared using Bland–Altman, concordance analysis, and inter-reader correlation. A mixed model was implemented to account for confounding variables and repeat encounters. Radiation dosage data were collected for a contemporaneous cohort of orthotopic heart transplant patients undergoing standard, X-ray-guided catheterisation.

Results:

Simultaneous cardiac magnetic resonance and Fick have poor agreement in our study based on Lin’s correlation coefficient of 0.68 and 0.73 for pulmonary and systemic blood flow, respectively. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated a consistent over estimation of cardiac magnetic resonance cardiac output by Fick. The average indexed dose area product for patients undergoing haemodynamics with endomyocardial biopsy was 0.73 (SD ±0.6) Gy*m2/kg. With coronary angiography added, the indexed dose area product was 14.6 (SD ± 7.8) Gy*m2/kg.

Conclusions:

Cardiac magnetic resonancemeasurements of cardiac output/index in paediatric orthotopic heart transplant patients have poor concordance with Fick estimates; however, cardiac magnetic resonance has good internal validity and inter-reader reliability. Radiation doses are small for haemodynamics with biopsy and increase exponentially with angiography, identifying a new target for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
Preemergence and postemergence weed control in sweet corn on organic soils
Authors: Rodriguez Alex G. , Sandhu Hardev S. , Wright Alan L. , Odero D. Calvin
Published: June 2023

Atrazine and S-metolachlor are the herbicides most relied on by growers to control weeds in sweet corn crops grown in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in southern Florida. Alternative weed management programs are needed. Field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the efficacy of 1) pyroxasulfone (183 and 237 g ha−1) alone or as a premix with carfentrazone-ethyl (13 and 17 g ha−1) or fluthiacet-methyl (6 and 7 g ha−1), S-metolachlor (1,790 g ha−1) alone or in combination with atrazine (3,360 g ha−1) applied preemergence(PRE); 2) mesotrione (105 g ha−1), topramezone (25 g ha−1), and tembotrione (92 g ha−1) applied postemergence alone or in combination with atrazine (560 and 2,240 g ha−1) or bentazon (1,120 g ha−1); and 3) mechanical cultivation alone at the fourth and the fourth followed by the sixth leaf stages of sweet corn. PRE-applied herbicides did not provide acceptable control of fall panicum, common lambsquarters, or common purslane probably due to a lack of incorporation into the soil because of limited rainfall. POST-applied topramezone alone or in combination with atrazine or bentazon resulted in effective fall panicum control (>91%). Topramezone alone provided 83% and 88% control of common lambsquarters and common purslane, respectively, whereas atrazine added to topramezone resulted in >94% control of both weed species. Mesotrione and tembotrione plus atrazine provided excellent control (>93%) of both broadleaf weed species but poor fall panicum control (<72%). Mechanical cultivation alone did not effectively control any weeds. Overall, treatments that contained topramezone resulted in greater sweet corn yield. These results show that a combination of topramezone, mesotrione, and tembotrione with atrazine resulted in improved broadleaf weed control. Fall panicum control was improved only with the combination of topramezone with atrazine, showing that atrazine is an important mixture component of these herbicides to provide effective POST weed control in sweet corn on organic soils of the EAA.
Evaluating the Simulation of CONUS Precipitation by Storm Type in E3SM
Authors: Reed K. A. , Stansfield A. M. , Hsu W.‐C. , Kooperman G. J. , Akinsanola A. A. , Hannah W. M. , Pendergrass A. G. , Medeiros B.
Published: June 2023

Conventional low‐resolution (LR) climate models, including the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv1), have well‐known biases in simulating the frequency, intensity, and timing of precipitation. Approaches to next‐generation E3SM, whether the high‐resolution (HR) or multiscale modeling framework (MMF) configuration, improve the simulation of the intensity and frequency of precipitation, but regional and seasonal deficiencies still exist. Here we apply a methodology to assess the contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs), extratropical cyclones (ETCs), and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) to simulated precipitation in E3SMv1‐HR and E3SMv1‐MMF relative to E3SMv1‐LR. Across the United States, E3SMv1‐MMF provides the best simulation in terms of precipitation accumulation, frequency and intensity from MCSs and TCs compared to E3SMv1‐LR and E3SMv1‐HR. All E3SMv1 configurations overestimate precipitation amounts from and the frequency of ETCs over CONUS, with conventional E3SMv1‐LR providing the best simulation compared to observations despite limitations in precipitation intensity within these events.
Long‐Term Observations of Levoglucosan in Arctic Aerosols Reveal Its Biomass Burning Source and Implication on Radiative Forcing
Authors: Chen Afeng , Xie Zhouqing , Zhan Haicong , Jiang Bei , Zhang Aoxing , Liu Hongwei , Hu Chengge , Wu Xudong , Yue Fange , Xu Li
Published: June 2023

Biomass burning (BB) has a significant influence on the Arctic environment. Here, we determined the atmospheric levels of BB‐specific tracer compounds such as levoglucosan (Lev), galactosan (Gan), and mannosan (Man) in Arctic aerosols during 2010–2018. The average concentrations of Lev during the study period ranged between 0.43 and 4.15 ng m−3. Both Lev/Man (0–30) and Man/Gan (0–3) ratios further suggested their origin from softwood/hardwood burning. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) was the main driver of the Lev variability during the study period and Lev could be advected to Arctic air during the NAO was in a positive phase. Based upon the levels of Lev, black carbon (BC) generated from BB was estimated, and the corresponding radiative forcing was then calculated by Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer. BC has a potential warming effect in the atmosphere (+4.28 W/m2) while shows a cooling effect on the surface, which is equivalent to a large volcanic eruption (−3 W/m2). Since climate change is expected to intensify BB around the Arctic, such BC aerosols should be considered in future climate model projections.
Periodontitis as a promoting factor of T2D: current evidence and mechanisms
Authors: Su Yuan , Ye Leilei , Hu Chen , Zhang Yanli , Liu Jia , Shao Longquan
Published: June 2023

Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by an imbalance between the local microbiota and host immune response. Epidemiologically, periodontitis is closely related to the occurrence, development, and poor prognosis of T2D and is recognized as a potential risk factor for T2D. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the role of the virulence factors produced by disorders of the subgingival microbiota in the pathological mechanism of T2D, including islet β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR). However, the related mechanisms have not been well summarized. This review highlights periodontitis-derived virulence factors, reviews how these stimuli directly or indirectly regulate islet β-cell dysfunction. The mechanisms by which IR is induced in insulin-targeting tissues (the liver, visceral adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle) are explained, clarifying the influence of periodontitis on the occurrence and development of T2D. In addition, the positive effects of periodontal therapy on T2D are overviewed. Finally, the limitations and prospects of the current research are discussed. In summary, periodontitis is worthy of attention as a promoting factor of T2D. Understanding on the effect of disseminated periodontitis-derived virulence factors on the T2D-related tissues and cells may provide new treatment options for reducing the risk of T2D associated with periodontitis.
Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and burnout in nursing home staff in South France during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Conejero Ismael , Petrier Melissa , Fabbro Peray Pascale , Voisin Christelle , Courtet Philippe , Potier Hugo , Elotmani Loubna , Lafont Brigitte , Lefrant Jean-Yves , Lopez Castroman Jorge , Arbus Christophe , Blain Hubert
Published: June 2023

The high mortality rate in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic may be linked to psychological disorders in staff. Hence, we assessed the prevalence and associated factors of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and burnout of nursing home staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional study including 66 randomly selected nursing homes in southern France. 537 of the contacted 3 821 nursing home workers (14.0%) responded between April and October 2021. We collected information on center organization, severity of COVID-19 exposure, and socio-demographic information in an online survey. The prevalence of probable PTSD (PCL-5), anxiety and depressive disorders (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale) and the sub-scores of burnout syndrome (Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel) were assessed. Probable PTSD was reported in 115/537 responders (21.4% (95% CI [18.0%–24.9%])). After adjustment, low-level exposure to COVID-19 in nursing home residents (AOR, 0.5; 95% CI [0.3–0.9]), fear of managing COVID-19 residents (AOR, 3.5; 95% CI [1.9–6.4]), conflicts with residents (AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, [1.2–4.4]), conflicts with colleagues (AOR, 3.6; 95% CI [1.7–8.6]), cancellation of leave (AOR, 4.8; 95% CI [2.0–11.7]) and temporary worker employment (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI [1.7–6.9]) were associated with higher prevalence of probable PTSD. The prevalence of probable anxiety and depression were 28.8% (95% CI [24.9%–32.7%]) and 10.4% (95% CI [7.8%–13.1%]), respectively. Psychological disorders were observed in nearly one third of nursing home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, continuous surveys and preventive measures are needed in this particularly at-risk population.
Pharmacological memory modulation to augment trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Meister Laura , Dietrich Ana Catarina , Stefanovic Mina , Bavato Francesco , Rosi-Andersen Alex , Rohde Judith , Offenhammer Benjamin , Seifritz Erich , Schäfer Ingo , Ehring Thomas , Barth Jürgen , Kleim Birgit
Published: June 2023

Trauma-focused psychotherapy (tf-PT) is the first-line treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Tf-PT focuses on processing and modulating trauma memories. Not all patients benefit, however, and there is room for improvement of efficacy. Pharmacologically augmenting trauma memory modulation in the context of tf-PT may help optimise treatment outcome. To systematically review effects of pharmacologically augmented memory modulation in the context of tf-PT for PTSD (PROSPERO preregistration ID: CRD42021230623). We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials of psychotherapy treatment for PTSD. We included placebo-controlled studies that augmented at least one treatment session pharmacologically targeting memory extinction or reconsolidation. We calculated post-treatment between group (pharmacological augmentation vs placebo control) effect sizes of PTSD symptom severity. We included 13 RCTs. There was large heterogeneity in augmentation procedure and methodological quality. Four studies showed significantly greater PTSD symptom reduction in the pharmacological augmentation group (propranolol, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, D-cycloserine) compared to placebo. Seven studies showed no significant effect of pharmacological augmentation compared to placebo (D-cycloserine, rapamycin, mifepristone, propranolol, mifepristone combined with D-cycloserine, methylene blue). Two studies showed significantly smaller PTSD symptom reduction in the pharmacological augmentation group (D-cycloserine, dexamethasone) compared to placebo. Results of pharmacological augmentation were mixed overall and heterogenous for the pharmacological agents tested in more than one study. Additional studies and replications are needed to identify which pharmacological agents work, in which combination and to identify patient groups that benefit most to tailor PTSD treatment.
A convolutional neural network STIFMap reveals associations between stromal stiffness and EMT in breast cancer
Authors: Stashko Connor , Hayward Mary-Kate , Northey Jason J. , Pearson Neil , Ironside Alastair J. , Lakins Johnathon N. , Oria Roger , Goyette Marie-Anne , Mayo Lakyn , Russnes Hege G. , Hwang E. Shelley , Kutys Matthew L. , Polyak Kornelia , Weaver Valerie M.
Published: June 2023

Intratumor heterogeneity associates with poor patient outcome. Stromal stiffening also accompanies cancer. Whether cancers demonstrate stiffness heterogeneity, and if this is linked to tumor cell heterogeneity remains unclear. We developed a method to measure the stiffness heterogeneity in human breast tumors that quantifies the stromal stiffness each cell experiences and permits visual registration with biomarkers of tumor progression. We present Spatially Transformed Inferential Force Map (STIFMap) which exploits computer vision to precisely automate atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation combined with a trained convolutional neural network to predict stromal elasticity with micron-resolution using collagen morphological features and ground truth AFM data. We registered high-elasticity regions within human breast tumors colocalizing with markers of mechanical activation and an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The findings highlight the utility of STIFMap to assess mechanical heterogeneity of human tumors across length scales from single cells to whole tissues and implicates stromal stiffness in tumor cell heterogeneity.
Resolving nanostructure and chemistry of solid-electrolyte interphase on lithium anodes by depth-sensitive plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gu Yu , You En-Ming , Lin Jian-De , Wang Jun-Hao , Luo Si-Heng , Zhou Ru-Yu , Zhang Chen-Jie , Yao Jian-Lin , Li Hui-Yang , Li Gen , Wang Wei-Wei , Qiao Yu , Yan Jia-Wei , Wu De-Yin , Liu Guo-Kun , Zhang Li , Li Jian-Feng , Xu Rong , Tian Zhong-Qun , Cui Yi , Mao Bing-Wei
Published: June 2023

The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays crucial roles for the reversible operation of lithium metal batteries. However, fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of SEI formation and evolution is still limited. Herein, we develop a depth-sensitive plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (DS-PERS) method to enable in-situ and nondestructive characterization of the nanostructure and chemistry of SEI, based on synergistic enhancements of localized surface plasmons from nanostructured Cu, shell-isolated Au nanoparticles and Li deposits at different depths. We monitor the sequential formation of SEI in both ether-based and carbonate-based dual-salt electrolytes on a Cu current collector and then on freshly deposited Li, with dramatic chemical reconstruction. The molecular-level insights from the DS-PERS study unravel the profound influences of Li in modifying SEI formation and in turn the roles of SEI in regulating the Li-ion desolvation and the subsequent Li deposition at SEI-coupled interfaces. Last, we develop a cycling protocol that promotes a favorable direct SEI formation route, which significantly enhances the performance of anode-free Li metal batteries.
Efficient interatomic descriptors for accurate machine learning force fields of extended molecules
Authors: Kabylda Adil , Vassilev-Galindo Valentin , Chmiela Stefan , Poltavsky Igor , Tkatchenko Alexandre
Published: June 2023

Machine learning force fields (MLFFs) are gradually evolving towards enabling molecular dynamics simulations of molecules and materials with ab initio accuracy but at a small fraction of the computational cost. However, several challenges remain to be addressed to enable predictive MLFF simulations of realistic molecules, including: (1) developing efficient descriptors for non-local interatomic interactions, which are essential to capture long-range molecular fluctuations, and (2) reducing the dimensionality of the descriptors to enhance the applicability and interpretability of MLFFs. Here we propose an automatized approach to substantially reduce the number of interatomic descriptor features while preserving the accuracy and increasing the efficiency of MLFFs. To simultaneously address the two stated challenges, we illustrate our approach on the example of the global GDML MLFF. We found that non-local features (atoms separated by as far as 15 Å in studied systems) are crucial to retain the overall accuracy of the MLFF for peptides, DNA base pairs, fatty acids, and supramolecular complexes. Interestingly, the number of required non-local features in the reduced descriptors becomes comparable to the number of local interatomic features (those below 5 Å). These results pave the way to constructing global molecular MLFFs whose cost increases linearly, instead of quadratically, with system size.
Phylodynamic of SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of COVID-19 in Peru
Authors: Justo Arevalo Santiago , Uribe Calampa Carmen Sofia , Jimenez Silva Cinthy , Quiñones Aguilar Mauro , Bouckaert Remco , Rebello Pinho Joao Renato
Published: June 2023

At over 0.6% of the population, Peru has one of the highest SARS-CoV-2 mortality rate in the world. Much effort to sequence genomes has been done in this country since mid-2020. However, an adequate analysis of the dynamics of the variants of concern and interest (VOCIs) is missing. We investigated the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru with a focus on the second wave, which had the greatest case fatality rate. The second wave in Peru was dominated by Lambda and Gamma. Analysis of the origin of Lambda shows that it most likely emerged in Peru before the second wave (June–November, 2020). After its emergence it reached Argentina and Chile from Peru where it was locally transmitted. During the second wave in Peru, we identify the coexistence of two Lambda and three Gamma sublineages. Lambda sublineages emerged in the center of Peru whereas the Gamma sublineages more likely originated in the north-east and mid-east. Importantly, it is observed that the center of Peru played a prominent role in transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to other regions within Peru.
Discovery and characterization of potent pan-variant SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies from individuals with Omicron breakthrough infection
Authors: Guo Yu , Zhang Guangshun , Yang Qi , Xie Xiaowei , Lu Yang , Cheng Xuelian , Wang Hui , Liang Jingxi , Tang Jielin , Gao Yuxin , Shang Hang , Dai Jun , Shi Yongxia , Zhou Jiaxi , Zhou Jun , Guo Hangtian , Yang Haitao , Qi Jianwei , Liu Lijun , Ma Shihui , Zhang Biao , Huo Qianyu , Xie Yi , Wu Junping , Dong Fang , Zhang Song , Lou Zhiyong , Gao Yan , Song Zidan , Wang Wenming , Sun Zixian , Yang Xiaoming , Xiong Dongsheng , Liu Fengjiang , Chen Xinwen , Zhu Ping , Wang Ximo , Cheng Tao , Rao Zihe
Published: June 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant evades most currently approved neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and caused drastic decrease of plasma neutralizing activity elicited by vaccination or prior infection, urging the need for the development of pan-variant antivirals. Breakthrough infection induces a hybrid immunological response with potentially broad, potent and durable protection against variants, therefore, convalescent plasma from breakthrough infection may provide a broadened repertoire for identifying elite nAbs. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and BCR sequencing (scBCR-seq) of B cells from BA.1 breakthrough-infected patients who received 2 or 3 previous doses of inactivated vaccine. Elite nAbs, mainly derived from the IGHV2–5 and IGHV3-66/53 germlines, showed potent neutralizing activity across Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 at picomolar NT50 values. Cryo-EM analysis revealed diverse modes of spike recognition and guides the design of cocktail therapy. A single injection of paired antibodies cocktail provided potent protection in the K18-hACE2 transgenic female mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
PPP2R1A regulates migration persistence through the NHSL1-containing WAVE Shell Complex
Authors: Wang Yanan , Chiappetta Giovanni , Guérois Raphaël , Liu Yijun , Romero Stéphane , Boesch Daniel J. , Krause Matthias , Dessalles Claire A. , Babataheri Avin , Barakat Abdul I. , Chen Baoyu , Vinh Joelle , Polesskaya Anna , Gautreau Alexis M.
Published: June 2023

The RAC1-WAVE-Arp2/3 signaling pathway generates branched actin networks that power lamellipodium protrusion of migrating cells. Feedback is thought to control protrusion lifetime and migration persistence, but its molecular circuitry remains elusive. Here, we identify PPP2R1A by proteomics as a protein differentially associated with the WAVE complex subunit ABI1 when RAC1 is activated and downstream generation of branched actin is blocked. PPP2R1A is found to associate at the lamellipodial edge with an alternative form of WAVE complex, the WAVE Shell Complex, that contains NHSL1 instead of the Arp2/3 activating subunit WAVE, as in the canonical WAVE Regulatory Complex. PPP2R1A is required for persistence in random and directed migration assays and for RAC1-dependent actin polymerization in cell extracts. PPP2R1A requirement is abolished by NHSL1 depletion. PPP2R1A mutations found in tumors impair WAVE Shell Complex binding and migration regulation, suggesting that the coupling of PPP2R1A to the WAVE Shell Complex is essential to its function.
Late-fall satellite-based soil moisture observations show clear connections to subsequent spring streamflow
Authors: Koster Randal D. , Liu Qing , Crow Wade T. , Reichle Rolf H.
Published: June 2023

Because runoff production is more efficient over wetter soils, and because soil moisture has an intrinsic memory, soil moisture information can potentially contribute to the accuracy of streamflow predictions at seasonal leads. In this work, we use surface (0–5 cm) soil moisture retrievals obtained with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite instrument in conjunction with streamflow measurements taken within 236 intermediate-scale (2000–10,000 km2) unregulated river basins in the conterminous United States to show that late-fall satellite-based surface soil moisture estimates are indeed strongly connected to subsequent springtime streamflow. We thus show that the satellite-based soil moisture retrievals, all by themselves, have the potential to produce skillful seasonal streamflow predictions several months in advance. In poorly instrumented regions, they could perform better than reanalysis soil moisture products in this regard.
SEC-seq: association of molecular signatures with antibody secretion in thousands of single human plasma cells
Authors: Cheng Rene Yu-Hong , de Rutte Joseph , Ito Cade Ellis K. , Ott Andee R. , Bosler Lucie , Kuo Wei-Ying , Liang Jesse , Hall Brian E. , Rawlings David J. , Di Carlo Dino , James Richard G.
Published: June 2023

The secreted products of cells drive many functions in vivo; however, methods to link this functional information to surface markers and transcriptomes have been lacking. By accumulating secretions close to secreting cells held within cavity-containing hydrogel nanovials, we demonstrate workflows to analyze the amount of IgG secreted from single human B cells and link this information to surface markers and transcriptomes from the same cells. Measurements using flow cytometry and imaging flow cytometry corroborate the association between IgG secretion and CD38/CD138. By using oligonucleotide-labeled antibodies we find that upregulation of pathways for protein localization to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are most associated with high IgG secretion, and uncover surrogate plasma cell surface markers (e.g., CD59) defined by the ability to secrete IgG. Altogether, this method links quantity of secretion with single-cell sequencing (SEC-seq) and enables researchers to fully explore the links between genome and function, laying the foundation for discoveries in immunology, stem cell biology, and beyond.
SALL1 enforces microglia-specific DNA binding and function of SMADs to establish microglia identity
Authors: Fixsen Bethany R. , Han Claudia Z. , Zhou Yi , Spann Nathanael J. , Saisan Payam , Shen Zeyang , Balak Christopher , Sakai Mashito , Cobo Isidoro , Holtman Inge R. , Warden Anna S. , Ramirez Gabriela , Collier Jana G. , Pasillas Martina P. , Yu Miao , Hu Rong , Li Bin , Belhocine Sarah , Gosselin David , Coufal Nicole G. , Ren Bing , Glass Christopher K.
Published: June 2023

Spalt-like transcription factor 1 (SALL1) is a critical regulator of organogenesis and microglia identity. Here we demonstrate that disruption of a conserved microglia-specific super-enhancer interacting with theSall1promoter results in complete and specific loss ofSall1expression in microglia. By determining the genomic binding sites of SALL1 and leveragingSall1enhancer knockout mice, we provide evidence for functional interactions between SALL1 and SMAD4 required for microglia-specific gene expression. SMAD4 binds directly to theSall1super-enhancer and is required forSall1expression, consistent with an evolutionarily conserved requirement of the TGFβ and SMAD homologsDppandMadfor cell-specific expression ofSpaltin theDrosophilawing. Unexpectedly, SALL1 in turn promotes binding and function of SMAD4 at microglia-specific enhancers while simultaneously suppressing binding of SMAD4 to enhancers of genes that become inappropriately activated in enhancer knockout microglia, thereby enforcing microglia-specific functions of the TGFβ–SMAD signaling axis.
Effects of urban living environments on mental health in adults
Authors: Xu Jiayuan , Liu Nana , Polemiti Elli , Garcia-Mondragon Liliana , Tang Jie , Liu Xiaoxuan , Lett Tristram , Yu Le , Nöthen Markus M. , Feng Jianfeng , Yu Chunshui , Marquand Andre , Schumann Gunter ,   the environMENTAL Consortium, Walter Henrik , Heinz Andreas , Ralser Markus , Twardziok Sven , Vaidya Nilakshi , Serin Emin , Jentsch Marcel , Hitchen Esther , Eils Roland , Taron Ulrike-Helene , Schütz Tatjana , Schepanski Kerstin , Banks Jamie , Banaschewski Tobias , Jansone Karina , Christmann Nina , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Tost Heike , Holz Nathalie , Schwarz Emanuel , Stringaris Argyris , Neidhart Maja , Nees Frauke , Siehl Sebastian , A. Andreassen Ole , T. Westlye Lars , van der Meer Dennis , Fernandez Sara , Kjelkenes Rikka , Ask Helga , Rapp Michael , Tschorn Mira , Böttger Sarah Jane , Novarino Gaia , Marr Lena , Slater Mel , Viapiana Guillem Feixas , Orosa Francisco Eiroa , Gallego Jaime , Pastor Alvaro , Forstner Andreas , Hoffmann Per , M. Nöthen Markus , J. Forstner Andreas , Claus Isabelle , Miller Abbi , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Sommer Peter , Boye Mona , Wilbertz Johannes , Schmitt Karen , Jirsa Viktor , Petkoski Spase , Pitel Séverine , Otten Lisa , Athanasiadis Anastasios-Polykarpos , Pearmund Charlie , Spanlang Bernhard , Alvarez Elena , Sanchez Mavi , Giner Arantxa , Hese Sören , Renner Paul , Jia Tianye , Gong Yanting , Xia Yunman , Chang Xiao , Calhoun Vince , Liu Jingyu , Thompson Paul , Clinton Nicholas , Desrivieres Sylvane , H. Young Allan , Stahl Bernd , Ogoh George
Published: June 2023

Urban-living individuals are exposed to many environmental factors that may combine and interact to influence mental health. While individual factors of an urban environment have been investigated in isolation, no attempt has been made to model how complex, real-life exposure to living in the city relates to brain and mental health, and how this is moderated by genetic factors. Using the data of 156,075 participants from the UK Biobank, we carried out sparse canonical correlation analyses to investigate the relationships between urban environments and psychiatric symptoms. We found an environmental profile of social deprivation, air pollution, street network and urban land-use density that was positively correlated with an affective symptom group (r = 0.22, Pperm < 0.001), mediated by brain volume differences consistent with reward processing, and moderated by genes enriched for stress response, including CRHR1, explaining 2.01% of the variance in brain volume differences. Protective factors such as greenness and generous destination accessibility were negatively correlated with an anxiety symptom group (r = 0.10, Pperm < 0.001), mediated by brain regions necessary for emotion regulation and moderated by EXD3, explaining 1.65% of the variance. The third urban environmental profile was correlated with an emotional instability symptom group (r = 0.03, Pperm < 0.001). Our findings suggest that different environmental profiles of urban living may influence specific psychiatric symptom groups through distinct neurobiological pathways.
The first comprehensive population size estimations for the highly endangered largest diving beetle Dytiscus latissimus in Europe
Authors: Balalaikins M. , Schmidt G. , Aksjuta K. , Hendrich L. , Kairišs K. , Sokolovskis K. , Valainis U. , Zolovs M. , Nitcis M.
Published: June 2023

Dytiscus latissimus(Coleoptera Dytiscidae) is an endangered diving beetle throughout its range. It is one of the two species of Dytiscidae listed in Annex II of the Habitats Directive, IUCN red list and in many national level legislations and therefore strictly protected. The conservation of endangered species first of all requires an assessment of their population size. Until now, a method has not been developed for estimating the size ofD.latissimuspopulations. The article summarizes the results of two studies carried out independently in Germany and Latvia. Both studies were carried out in one water body used recapture method but with a different spatial placement of traps, which, according to our data, is an important factor in population estimation. We evaluated Jolly-Seber and Schnabel approaches of estimating aquatic beetle's populations and found that confidence intervals obtained by different methods in our research do not differ significantly, but combination of both models provide the most accurate estimates of population dynamics. As part of the study, we concluded that the populations ofDytiscus latissimusare relatively closed, so we accept that the Schnabel estimate shows more accurate data. By fixing the places of capture of each individual, it was found that females live mainly locally, and males actively move within the water body. This aspect indicates the advantage of the spatial placement of traps compared to the use of transects. The results of our study show a significantly higher number of both captured and recaptured males Such a sex ratio may indicate both a greater activity of males and differences in the sex ratio in the population. The study confirmed that environmental changes, such as the water level in a water body, can also significantly affect the result of a population assessment. In the frame ofD. latissimusmonitoring, to obtain an objective estimation of the species population size we recommend using four traps for each 100 m of water body shoreline with 4–8 censuses, dependently on the recapture rate.
Feasibility, safety and effectiveness of mapping system assisted conduction system pacing: a single-center prospective study
Authors: Wang Liang , Yang Suxia , Tang Baopeng , Wang Feifei , Sang Wanyue , Han Yafan , Wang Lu , Zhou Xianhui , Zhang Jianghua , Xing Qiang , Tuerhong Zukela , Xiaokereti Jiasuoer , Guo Yankai , Li Yaodong
Published: June 2023

To assess pacing and electrophysiological parameters, as well as mid-term outcomes, among patients undergoing His bundle pacing (HBP) guided by KODEX-EPD (a novel mapping system). Consecutive patients undergoing conduction system pacing (CSP) for bradycardia indications were evaluated. Procedural and fluoroscopic times and pacing characteristics were compared between conventional fluoroscopy (the standard group, N = 20 cases) and KODEX-EPD mapping system guided group (the KODEX group, N = 20cases) at CSP implantation and all patients were followed at 6-month. HBP was achieved in all patients (the standard group 20/20 and the KODEX group 20/20). There was no difference in the mean procedure time between the two groups (63.7 ± 9.3 vs. 78.2 ± 25.1 min, p = 0.33). Compared with the standard group, the KODEX group significantly reduced the intraoperative X-ray exposure time (3.8 ± 0.5 vs. 19.3 ± 5.1 min, p < 0.05) and X-ray dose (23.6 ± 5.4 vs. 120.2 ± 38.3 mGy, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in atrial impedance (643.0 ± 98.8 vs. 591.5 ± 92.1 Ω, p = 0.09), atrial sensing (2.9 ± 0.8 vs. 2.5 ± 0.8 mV, p = 0.08), ventricular sensing (12.8 ± 2.4 vs. 13.3 ± 3.3 mV, p = 0.63),atrial pacing threshold (1.0 ± 0.2 vs. 1.0 ± 0.1 V/0.4 ms, p = 0.81) and ventricular pacing threshold (1.0 ± 0.2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.1 V/0.4 ms, p = 0.63) between two groups, There were statistical differences in ventricular impedance (640.0 ± 80.3 vs. 702.0 ± 86.1 Ω, p < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in pacing parameters between the two groups at 6 months after procedure (p > 0.05). During the 6-months follow-up period, no adverse events occurred in the two groups. It can be concluded that KODEX-EPD can safely guide His bundle branch pacing lead implantation with reduced fluoroscopic time and dose without lengthening the procedure time.
Population structure and genetic diversity of the endangered fish black shinner Pseudopungtungia nigra (Cyprinidae) in Korea: a wild and restoration population
Authors: Kim Kang-Rae , Kwak Yeong-Ho , Sung Mu-Sung , Cho Seong-Jang , Bang In-Chul
Published: June 2023

The black shinner Pseudopungtungia nigra Mori, 1935 is an endangered fish endemic to Korea. It lives in the narrow basin of the Geumgang River, Mangyeonggang River, and Ungcheoncheon Stream, which flow into the West Sea of Korea. One population of P. nigra in Ungcheoncheon Stream has been locally exterminated once; it is now inhabiting the upper reaches of the dam through a restoration program. Efforts to identify and understand the genetic structure of these populations are important for conservation planning. Here, we analyzed genetic diversity using 21 microsatellite markers for 9 populations. The mean number of alleles ranged from 4.4 to 8.1, mean allelic richness ranged from 4.6 to 7.8, mean observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.519 to 0.702, and mean expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.540 to 0.763. All groups had recent and historical bottlenecks (P < 0.05, M-ratio < 0.68). Three groups [YD (2019), OC and UC] had significant inbreeding index values, suggesting that they were engaged in inbreeding. We observed a moderate level of genetic differentiation between MG and the rest of the population (FST = 0.135 to 0.168, P < 0.05). The genetic structure exhibited a fitting constant K = 2, along with separation between MG and the remaining populations. With respect to genetic flow, YD (2019), OC, CG, and ND shifted to the UC population (0.263 to 0.278). The genetic flow of each population was transferred only within the population; there was no gene flow among populations, except for the Ungcheoncheon Stream population. This study shows that the Ungcheoncheon Stream population needs conservation efforts to increase its genetic diversity, and the Geumgang River populations needs a conservation plan that considers the possibility of conservation and evolution through gene exchange among the populations.
Extremely high relative growth rate makes the cabbage white, Pieris rapae, a global pest with highly abundant and migratory nature
Authors: Konno Kotaro
Published: June 2023

The small cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae, is an extraordinarily abundant migratory pest of cabbage that causes severe damage worldwide without known reasons. I here show that the average relative growth rate (RGR: the ratio of the daily increase of biomass to total biomass) of herbivore (Gh; an indicator of the growth speed of herbivore) of P. rapae on cabbage during the larval period is larger by far than those of all other insect–plant pairs tested. It exceeds 1.15 (/day),—meaning that the biomass more than doubles each day—compared to 0.1–0.7 for most insect–plant pairs, including that of Pieris melete, a sibling of P. rapae which never becomes a pest of cabbage. My data further showed the RGR in the larval stage (larval Gh), positively correlates with abundance and/or migratoriness of insect herbivores. These results together with my mathematical food web model suggest that the extraordinarily high larval Gh of P. rapae is the primary reason for its ubiquitously severe pest status accompanied with its abundance and migratoriness, and that the RGR of herbivores, Gh, characterizing the plant–herbivore interface at the bottom of the food webs is an important factor affecting whole ecosystems, including animal abundance, fauna size, plant damage levels, competitiveness among herbivorous species, determination of hostplant, invasiveness, and the evolution of animal traits involved in the so-called r/K strategy, such as migratoriness. Knowledge about Gh will be crucial to controlling pests and improving the negative effects of human activity on ecosystems including faunal decline (or defaunation).
Microgravity induces overconfidence in perceptual decision-making
Authors: Loued-Khenissi Leyla , Pfeiffer Christian , Saxena Rupal , Adarsh Shivam , Scaramuzza Davide
Published: June 2023

Does gravity affect decision-making? This question comes into sharp focus as plans for interplanetary human space missions solidify. In the framework of Bayesian brain theories, gravity encapsulates a strong prior, anchoring agents to a reference frame via the vestibular system, informing their decisions and possibly their integration of uncertainty. What happens when such a strong prior is altered? We address this question using a self-motion estimation task in a space analog environment under conditions of altered gravity. Two participants were cast as remote drone operators orbiting Mars in a virtual reality environment on board a parabolic flight, where both hyper- and microgravity conditions were induced. From a first-person perspective, participants viewed a drone exiting a cave and had to first predict a collision and then provide a confidence estimate of their response. We evoked uncertainty in the task by manipulating the motion’s trajectory angle. Post-decision subjective confidence reports were negatively predicted by stimulus uncertainty, as expected. Uncertainty alone did not impact overt behavioral responses (performance, choice) differentially across gravity conditions. However microgravity predicted higher subjective confidence, especially in interaction with stimulus uncertainty. These results suggest that variables relating to uncertainty affect decision-making distinctly in microgravity, highlighting the possible need for automatized, compensatory mechanisms when considering human factors in space research.
Age of the magma chamber and its physicochemical state under Elbrus Greater Caucasus, Russia using zircon petrochronology and modeling insights
Authors: Bindeman I. N. , Melnik O. E. , Guillong M. , Utkin I. S. , Wotzlaw J.-F. , Schmitt A. K. , Stern R. A.
Published: June 2023

Mount Elbrus, Europe's tallest and largely glaciated volcano, is made of silicic lavas and is known for Holocene eruptions, but the size and state of its magma chamber remain poorly constrained. We report high spatial resolution U–Th–Pb zircon ages, co-registered with oxygen and hafnium isotopic values, span ~ 0.6 Ma in each lava, documenting magmatic initiation that forms the current edifice. The best-fit thermochemical modeling constrains magmatic fluxes at 1.2 km3/1000 year by hot (900 °C), initially zircon-undersaturated dacite into a vertically extensive magma body since ~ 0.6 Ma, whereas a volcanic episode with eruptible magma only extends over the past 0.2 Ma, matching the age of oldest lavas. Simulations explain the total magma volume of ~ 180 km3, temporally oscillating δ18O and εHf values, and a wide range of zircon age distributions in each sample. These data provide insights into the current state (~ 200 km3 of melt in a vertically extensive system) and the potential for future activity of Elbrus calling for much-needed seismic imaging. Similar zircon records worldwide require continuous intrusive activity by magmatic accretion of silicic magmas generated at depths, and that zircon ages do not reflect eruption ages but predate them by ~ 103 to 105 years reflecting protracted dissolution–crystallization histories.
Pyridine-appended disulfidephospholipids enable exceptionally high drug loading and stability as a robust liposomal platform
Authors: Zhu Wei , Shan Qi , Zhao Jianing , Lv Guangyao , Hu Zongfeng , Liu Min , Yao Lei , Zhang Zhuhong , Ling Longbing
Published: June 2023

Liposomal platform assembled from novel pyridine-appended disulfidephospholipids with exceptionally high drug loading and stability.
Hierarchical Mn-Ni2P/NiFe LDH nanosheet arrays as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for energy-saving hydrogen production via urea electrolysis
Authors: Sang Bin , Liu Yu , Wan Xiaoyu , Xie Shuixiang , Zhang Guangyu , Ge Mingzheng , Dai Jiamu , Zhang Wei , Li Rui-Qing
Published: June 2023

Novel hierarchical Mn-Ni2P/NiFe LDH arrays were developed as a self-supported electrode, which exhibits brilliant catalytic activities for the HER, the UOR and urea electrolysis.
Activation of trace LiNO3additives by BF3in high-concentration electrolytes towards stable lithium metal batteries
Authors: Xia He-yi , Wang Yu-ke , Fu Zheng-wen
Published: June 2023

BF3promotes the complete decomposition of trace LiNO3into Li3N, forming a Li3N-/LiF-rich SEI toward stable lithium anodes.
Location of Artinite (Mg2CO3(OH)2·3H2O) within the MgO–CO2–H2O system using ab initio thermodynamics
Authors: Tse Joshua S. , Grant James , Skelton Jonathan M. , Gillie Lisa J. , Zhu Runliang , Pesce Giovanni L. , Ball Richard J. , Parker Stephen C. , Molinari Marco
Published: June 2023

An ab initio thermodynamic framework to generate first-principles phase stability plots of hydrated and carbonated magnesium-rich phases, including Artinite.
The search for a band of a defect predicted above 4000 cm−1 in diamond through infrared vibrational spectra: a quantum mechanical investigation
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Zhang Libin , Zhang Dongliang , Li Yichen , Liu Sheng , Yang Bo , Gan Zhiyin
Published: June 2023

The proposed N–H bond model under repulsion stretching generates a vibrational frequency > 4000 cm−1, providing a valuable method for investigating high wavenumber defects in diamond.
Reactive oxygen species induced by plant essential oil for effective degradation of p-phenylenediamine
Authors: Xu Huixian , Li Yanjun , Li Qin , Yang Dandan , Li Ting , Jin Saimeng , Zhou Liandi , Zhang Qihui , Clark James H.
Published: June 2023

Waste orange peels are used to prepare biochar loaded with self-emulsifying orange peel essential oil for p-phenylenediamine disposal.
1,2,3-Triazolyl bisphosphine with pyridyl functionality: synthesis, copper(i) chemistry and application in click catalysis
Authors: Sheokand Sonu , Mohite Manali A. , Mondal Dipanjan , Rangarajan Shalini , Balakrishna Maravanji S.
Published: June 2023

This paper describes the synthesis, copper chemistry and catalytic applications of copper(i) complexes, containing 1,2,3-triazolyl-bisphosphine with a pyridine moiety, in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions and one-pot triazole synthesis.
Three-dimensional honeycomb-like hierarchically structured carbon nanosheets from resin for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Guo Tong , Liu Yulin , Xu Guangyu , Ding Yigang , Fan Baomin , Liu Dong
Published: June 2023

In this work, three-dimensional interconnected honeycomb-like carbon nanosheets were successfully prepared and employed as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors.
Formation of precipitates in off-stoichiometric Ni–Mn–Sn Heusler alloys probed through the induced Sn-moment
Authors: Eggert Benedikt , Çakır Aslı , Günzing Damian , Josten Nicolas , Scheibel Franziska , Brand Richard A. , Farle Michael , Acet Mehmet , Wende Heiko , Ollefs Katharina
Published: June 2023

The shell-ferromagnetic effect originates from the segregation process in off-stoichiometric Ni–Mn-based Heusler.
Role of distal arginine residue in the mechanism of heme nitrite reductases
Authors: Sarkar Ankita , Bhakta Snehadri , Chattopadhyay Samir , Dey Abhishek
Published: June 2023

Influence of the protonation state of the guanidinium group, present in the 2nd sphere of an iron porphyrin complex, in the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxidevia{FeNO}6intermediate.
Azacrown-calixpyrrole isosteres: receptors and sensors for anions
Authors: Sartori Austin R. , Radujević Aco , George Sandra M. , Anzenbacher Pavel
Published: June 2023

Hybrid isosteres display different selectivities and affinities for anions.
Reactive oxygen species-responsive clicked assembly of gold nanoparticles to enhance photothermal therapy
Authors: Bui Hoai-Thuong Duc , Park Yeonju , Jung Young Mee , Chew Sing Yian , Yoo Hyuk Sang
Published: June 2023

ROS-responsive AuNPs are designed to form clicked assembly large nanoclusters in an ROS-rich environment, which leads to enhancement of photothermal conversion efficiency.
Mechanisms and Impact of Aminoglycoside-Induced Vestibular Deficits
Authors: Janky Kristen , Steyger Peter S.
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Acquired vestibulotoxicity from hospital-prescribed medications such as aminoglycoside antibiotics affects as many as 40,000 people each year in North America. However, there are no current federally approved drugs to prevent or treat the debilitating and permanent loss of vestibular function caused by bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotics. This review will cover our current understanding of the impact of, and mechanisms underlying, aminoglycoside-induced vestibulotoxicity and highlight the gaps in our knowledge that remain.

Conclusions:

Aminoglycoside-induced vestibular deficits have long-term impacts on patients across the lifespan. Additionally, the prevalence of aminoglycoside-induced vestibulotoxicity appears to be greater than cochleotoxicity. Thus, monitoring for vestibulotoxicity should be independent of auditory monitoring and encompass patients of all ages from young children to older adults before, during, and after aminoglycoside therapy.