bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Education for a More Equitable World
Authors: Ghosh Ratna
Published: July 2024

The pandemic has been a watershed in history, and we are embarking on a new era. We need to seize this opportunity to reimagine pedagogy in more ethical terms. This chapter asks: What does it mean to have equality in a world that is confronted with diversity and difference in multiple ways? Is education a human right? What is education’s role in removing inequality at a time when the gap in inequality is growing among nations and within societies? If we agree that “universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon social justice” (preamble to the ilo Constitution, 1919, p.1), as educators we need to seize this historical turning point to make education the “great equalizer”. The focus then is on a worldview that is inclusive of all children in the learning process, irrespective of location and their differences. This change in perspective involves a paradigm shift, and underscores the importance of teacher education.

In an interdependent world, both peace and our survival are contingent on an equitable and cohesive planet. Education has the potential and the responsibility to prepare the future generation for responsible behavior towards a more equitable and socially cohesive world that preserves the environment and maintains peace.
Education Without Failure: Some Practical Proposals
Authors: Reynolds David
Published: July 2024

A description is given of the present discipline of School Effectiveness and Improvement, together with a detailed description of the characteristics of effective schools. It is argued that our educational system still retains some unreliability, in spite of the use of this knowledge.

It is further argued that we should learn from the process and characteristics of Highly Reliable Organisations, who emerge in society when failure is not an option. It is also argued that present unreliability is costly, as evidenced in the volume of cascading errors such as Bhopal. We are now as strong as the weakest link in our populations both as people and in terms of materials because we are all connected together.

Enhanced professional development and focus, and a concentration upon the potential of cognitive neuroscience, are argued to be of further possible use. Education shows what can be transformative educational effects, with numerous empirical examples. Development of failure free schools makes it possible to further transform societies through their schools.

The 2013 Kneller Lecture delivered to the Comparative and International Education Society in Washington DC, February 2023.
Notes on Portuguese Publications Dedicated to International Law of the Sea in the 19th and 20th Centuries
Authors: Loureiro Bastos Fernando
Published: July 2024

The doctrinal production of the ils in Portugal took place only from the eighties of the nineteenth century. During the 19th century and in the 20th century until the 1980s, ils matters were not subject to specialist teaching in the Faculties of Law in Portugal. Professor Barbosa de Magalhães, of the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon, particularly during the 1920s, is the only jurist with recognized merits who studied the ils until the 1980s. Professor Marques Guedes must be considered the “founding father” of academic studies of the ils taking into account his teaching on the subject from 1980s in the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon. The contribution of authors from the Navy, with an emphasis on Eduardo Serra Brandão, constitutes a very significant part of the ils writings published in Portugal in the second half of the twentieth century.
Resilience of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: Reflections on Three Approaches
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi
Published: July 2024

More than 40 years have passed since the adoption of the un Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos) in 1982. There are many issues that the drafters of unclos may not have been able to foresee in 1982. The question that arises here is whether and how it is possible to address the new issues unknown under unclos. Here, resilience of unclos is at issue. In this regard, one can identify three basic approaches to ensuring resilience of unclos: (1) resilience through the interpretation, (2) resilience through the law-making, and (3) resilience through the jurisprudence. The first approach seeks to adapt unclos to new circumstances through the interpretation of the Convention and the second approach aims to amplify the rules of unclos through the law-making to address new issues. The third approach seeks to develop or elaborate the rules set out in unclos through the jurisprudence. By examining the three approaches, this article considers resilience of unclos in ever changing international relations.
Food Prices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1926–1945: A Historical Study
Authors: Alkhashil Maha Ali , Al-rodhan Nouf Rezeg
Published: July 2024

This article addresses food prices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the factors that influence them, and the measures that the government took to guarantee their stability during the period 1926–1945. The article’s timeframe coincides with an important phase of the Kingdom’s development, marked by efforts to promote the integration and unification between all its regions by fostering regulatory, financial, and economic unity within the context of limited financial resources. In doing so, it follows a historical analysis methodology, relying on a variety of source materials, among the most important of which are the local documents kept at the King Abdulaziz Foundation, the Institute of Public Administration, and King Fahad National Library.
The Role Played by the Merchants of al-Qasim in the Coffee Trade across the Arabian Gulf, 1870–1950
Authors: Alsharida Mansur ibn Sulayman
Published: July 2024

This article traces the coffee bean trade from its spread in central Arabia, focusing particularly on two groups of merchants in al-Qasim. The first group includes those who migrated and settled in countries of the Arabian Gulf, Iraq, India, or elsewhere and engaged in the trade in food, including in coffee. They amassed wealth and established large trading networks in the Hijaz, the Gulf coasts, Iraq, and India. The second group comprises traders who traveled from al-Qasim to the ports of the Arabian Gulf to purchase foodstuffs and export them to al-Qasim and other regions of central Arabia. The article emphasizes the strong relationships among these traders, how they were linked by the coffee trade, and how this trade also symbolized the connection between Najd and the wider world, contributing to its integration into the global economy.
Introduction to the ARIEL Special Issue – ‘International Human Rights and International Economic Law: Interfaces, Challenges, Visions’
Authors: Binder Christina , Kriebaum Ursula
Published: July 2024

The Introduction to this Special Issue gives an overview of the contributions that were gathered after the Conference ‘International Human Rights and International Economic Law: Interfaces, Challenges, Visions’ that took place in Vienna, in November 2022. The contributions explore the numerous interfaces between International Human Rights Law and International Economic Law which have become particularly evident in present times, among others, due to an increasingly interconnected economy, in light of the climate crisis, and as a consequence of the distortions caused by Russia’s aggression against Ukraine.
Regulating Seed Digitization: What Role for Seed Sovereignty?
Authors: Tamayo-Álvarez Rafael , Urueña René
Published: July 2024

Applying new technologies to agriculture is considered paramount for securing a more efficient global food system. Digital Sequence Information (DSI), or the process of electronically mapping, processing, using, and exchanging the genetic information and traditional knowledge embodied in plant and seed varieties, has become pivotal for pursuing better output and food quality. Nevertheless, growing concerns exist regarding the effects of this practice. Intervening in the interphase between human rights and international economic law, this article suggests that the global governance of DSI should consider political demands for a global food system premised on human rights and environmental justice. By doing so, policymakers would contribute to dissociating the global food system from the commodification of nature, advancing instead towards a more just future for agricultural production.
Parallel Proceedings – Investment Arbitration and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Kriebaum Ursula
Published: July 2024

This contribution addresses the intersection of international human rights law and international economic law in situations where investors can bring claims under both protection systems. It discusses why multiple proceedings concerning one set of facts may be problematic and identifies situations in which duplication may occur. It presents instruments that have been developed at the domestic or international level to prevent this phenomenon. The article analyses the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) as well as of investment arbitral tribunals dealing with parallel or subsequent litigations. The conclusions set out whether the mechanisms used by arbitral tribunals and the ECtHR are adequate to deal with the phenomenon of potential multiple proceedings.
Shareholder Protection in International Human Rights and Investment Law
Authors: McMenamin Rebecca , Waibel Michael
Published: July 2024

Foreign shareholders can avail themselves of legal protection under three different legal regimes: diplomatic protection, international investment law and international human rights law. Adopting a historic and comparative approach, this article tracks the faded role of diplomatic protection for protecting shareholders. It identifies the legal instruments that protect shareholders under international investment law and international human rights law, and examines how each regime protects shareholders to assess whether there is a genuine conflict in terms of protection. It uses the nationalization of the British bank Northern Rock as a case study to demonstrate the differing levels of protection each regime provides. Investment law gives shareholders the greatest protection: it protects a wider range of shareholders and, critically, allows shareholders to claim for reflective loss. While there is no genuine conflict, investment law and human rights provide remarkably different levels of protection to shareholders.
Traditional Legal Concepts under Fire? Business and Human Rights at the International, National and EU Levels
Authors: Platise Mateja S
Published: July 2024

Over the past decade, business actors, in particular transnational corporations, have been increasingly called to respect human rights and environmental standards in their own operations and in their supply chains. However, the idea of obliging companies to respect human rights throughout their supply chains requires legal changes at international, EU and national levels that have proved hard to achieve. A common explanation for the slow progress in these areas is the strong lobbying of global economic players who successfully obstruct the necessary legal reforms. Conversely, the present contribution aims to show that one of the reasons for the slow progress in adopting the necessary legal reforms is that imposing such obligations on companies may challenge certain traditional legal concepts of international law, as well as the public, civil and criminal laws of many, if not most, countries around the world, and critically examines the response of different legal systems to these legal challenges.
Morphological and nomenclatural notes on Dianthus ciliatus subspecies (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: TERLEVIć ANA , LJUBIČIć IVICA , TOKIć PETAR , REŠETNIK IVANA , SHUKA DONALD , SIRACUSA GIUSEPPE , BOGDANOVIć SANDRO
Published: July 2024

A detailed morphometric analysis and scanning electron microscopy of seed coat structure of three currently recognised subspecies of the endemic amphi-Adriatic Dianthus ciliatus (Caryophyllaceae) was carried out for the first time. Petal limb shape and denticulation, the woody base of the plant, epicalyx scale’s length and height of the epicalyx turned out to be the most informative characters in distinguishing the investigated populations of D. ciliatus. Based on significant differences in morphological characters, a new identification key is offered. The names D. ciliatus, D. ciliatus var. cymosus, D. dalmaticus, D. medunensis, and D. racemosus are here lectotypified.
Application of Alginate-Collagen Hydrogel and Its Related Mechanisms in the Repair of Rat Cartilage Injuries
Authors: Li Yezhou , Tang Chengjian
Published: July 2024

This research investigated the application of alginate-collagen hydrogel (ACH) in rat cartilage injury (CI) repair and its related mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Alginate solution and modified collagen solution were mixed to prepare the ACH. The obtained
samples were characterized and their sustained release properties were determined. L929 mouse fibroblasts were assigned into a blank control group (BC group, untreated), a positive control group (PC group, treated with 6.4% phenol), a negative control group (NC group, treated with tissue culture
polystyrene), and an ACH group (treated with ACH). Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of the ACH and its impact on cell proliferation and cell attachment capabilities were analyzed. Thirty 4-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) Sprague Dawley (SD)
rats were randomly grouped into a chondrocyte group (5 rats, chondrocytes collected and cultured), a cPAGE group (5 rats, chondrocytes treated with ACH), a model group (10 rats, CI model), and a mPAGE group (10 rats, CI model treated with CAH). The influence of CAH on chondrocyte proliferation
and the type II collagen (COLII) expression were assessed using the cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the impacts of CAH on chondrocyte tissue and COL-II expression were analyzed using Safranin O-Fast Green (SOFG) staining, the International Cartilage
Repair Society (ICRS) score, and COL-II tissue staining. Immunoblotting was utilized to detect the TNF-α, NF-κB, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and COL-II proteins in cartilage tissue. The results showed that release rate (RR) of the constructed ACH reached
over 85% within 72 hours and achieved degradation equilibrium within 5 days with a weight loss (WL) rate of over 60%. L929 fibroblasts culture results showed that the ACH posed no significant cytotoxicity, and cell attachment results were not obviously different from those on tissue culture
plates (P >0.05). MTT assay results demonstrated that the ACH exerted no adverse effects on L929 cell proliferation and growth, indicating a good biocompatibility. CCK-8 and COL-II results indicated that chondrocyte proliferation in cPAGE group was much higher in contrast to that in chondrocyte
group (P <0.05). Besides, the animal experiments unveiled that in comparison to the CI group, the mPAGE group had more chondrocytes, upregulated COL-II, and higher ICRS scores (P <0.05). MMP-13, NF-κB, and TNF-α were downregulated, and COL-II was
upshifted in the mPAGE group, with remarkable differences (P <0.05). In conclusion, ACH exhibited excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, promoted cell proliferation and growth, facilitated chondrocyte proliferation in rat CI repair, offering a valuable research foundation
for CI treatment.
An Empirical Model for Skillful Rogue Wave Forecasts
Authors: Cicon Leah , Gemmrich Johannes , Häfner Dion , Jochum Markus
Published: July 2024

One of the leading goals of rogue wave research is to develop a robust rogue wave warning system to mitigate the danger they pose. One such system has been developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), called the freak wave warning system (FWWS), based on nonlinear wave effects. The FWWS predicts maximum expected wave envelope height as a risk parameter for forecasts. Recently, a data-driven alternative has been proposed by Häfner et al., which was distilled from a neural network using wave buoy observations. However, it has yet to be evaluated by a spectral wave model for application to operational wave forecasting. The data-driven, learned model emphasizes bandwidth-controlled linear superposition as the predominant mechanism in crest-to-trough rogue wave generation, while nonlinear effects are a secondary term. The present work evaluates the performance of the empirical model using output from an ECMWF global wave hindcast. We find that the prediction models based on bandwidth effects have the highest log likelihood scores, with the empirical model outperforming all other tested models. In contrast, the expected maximum envelope wave height from the FWWS does not predict the occurrence of rogue waves. These results indicate that the empirical model with wave model input is a skillful predictor and should be considered for operational implementation to improve rogue wave forecasting.

Significance Statement

Rogue waves are unexpectedly large and unpredictable waves. Encounters with rogue waves can result in damage to marine vessels and offshore infrastructures. Research is devoted to developing systems to predict the risk of rogue wave events. A novel predictive model has been shown to perform well in predicting rogue wave occurrences based on wave buoy observations. This model is a symbolic expression distilled from an artificial neural network that incorporates known rogue wave dynamics and that can be evaluated alongside traditional risk estimates with minor adjustments to operational forecasting systems. This study evaluates the newly proposed empirical model in a forecasting setting. Our work demonstrates the efficacy of the empirical model for operational forecasting purposes.
Right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance, system justification, and conservative political ideology as predictors of mental health stigma: The Hungarian case
Authors: Szabó Zsolt Péter , Lönnqvist Jan-Erik , Lantos Nóra Anna , Valtonen Jussi
Published: July 2024

Background:

Insights from mental health stigma research indicate the importance of societal and political views on mental health perceptions. Most studies originate from typical Western neo-liberal settings and focus on generic mental health issues. Our research explores these associations in Hungary, an understudied post-communist context with significant stigma levels, examining a broad range of stigmas related to both general and three specific mental illnesses: schizophrenia, depression, and alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Aims:

The study aims to connect a wide array of political dispositions to stigma associated with both general and specific mental illnesses, exploring both attitudes and behavioral intentions.

Methods:

We surveyed 492 participants (147 males, 342 females) on their political dispositions, including Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), general and economic system justification, and conservative political ideology, and their attitudes toward general and specific mental illnesses. Regression analyses identified key political dispositions influencing stigma.

Results:

RWA was significantly linked to most stigma outcomes, while conservative political ideology showed a selective impact. Other predictors had minimal influence on stigma outcomes.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that perceptions of danger, threat, and unconventionality, as indicated by RWA, are crucial for mental health stigmatization in Hungary. Intervention programs should target these factors, particularly in similar contexts.
How Insurance Prices Affect Consumers’ Purchase Decisions: Insurance Price as a Risk Signal
Authors: Reiner Jochen , Wamsler Julia , Bornemann Torsten , Natter Martin
Published: July 2024

Retailers, service providers, and manufacturers have discovered that complementary optional insurance is an attractive source of profit and frequently charge substantial insurance prices compared with the price of the product to be insured. The implicit assumption behind this pricing strategy is that product purchase decisions are independent of the insurance offer. The authors question this assumption and propose that consumers interpret the price of insurance as a risk signal with respect to the underlying product. Perceived risk, in turn, negatively affects consumers’ decision to purchase the product in a given purchase situation. The results of a survey, three online experiments, and two studies using transactional data provide evidence for the proposed insurance price risk signal. The findings reveal that perceived risk mediates the link between the relative insurance price level and consumers’ decision to purchase the underlying product. Offering other optional add-ons and providing objective risk information weakens the insurance price risk signal.
Designing Quality Certificates: Insights from eBay
Authors: Hui Xiang , Jin Ginger Zhe , Liu Meng
Published: July 2024

Quality certification is a common tool to enhance trust in marketplaces. Should the certification be based on consumer reports, such as ratings, or administrative data on seller behavior, such as the number of seller-initiated cancellations? In theory, incorporating consumer reports makes the quality certificate more relevant for consumer experience but may discourage seller effort, because consumer reports can be driven by factors not entirely within sellers’ control. Alternatively, using administrative data makes the certification more controllable by sellers, but these data track only a subset of seller behavior and may not be fully aligned with consumer experience. To answer the preceding question, the authors study a major redesign of eBay's quality certification that removed most consumer reports from its criteria and added administrative data. This change motivates seller effort in dimensions highlighted by the new criteria, as well as enabling sellers to more precisely target their effort at the threshold. Buyers place a higher value on the quality certificate and are more likely to purchase again on the platform in markets where administrative data are more correlated with consumer reports. Last, the proportion of certified sellers becomes more homogenized across markets, and sales seem to become more concentrated toward large sellers.
Zooming In on the Very Early Days: The Role of Trademark Applications in the Acquisition of Venture Capital Seed Funding
Authors: Rieger Verena , Dreller Anne , Engelen Andreas
Published: July 2024

New ventures are essential for developing innovations and generating economic and societal value, but they depend on external resources, especially from venture capitalists, who provide seed funding to make necessary advances in the development and commercialization of their innovative products. From the marketing discipline's perspective, the question is whether marketing actions play a role in this early acquisition of critical resources. Building on organizational legitimacy theory, the authors argue that trademark applications are important from day one, as they send important information cues to venture capitalists (e.g., on marketing-related professionalism) that foster the acquisition of venture capital (VC) seed funding. The authors build a dataset using Crunchbase and U.S. Patent and Trademark Office data that follows 5,370 ventures founded between 2007 and 2010 over several years up to 2018. They find that new ventures that file trademark applications have an increased likelihood of acquiring VC seed funding compared with firms that do not file trademark applications. This association is strongest during the first 100 days and diminishes about 1,000 days after foundation. The effect is particularly pronounced in industries characterized by low technological uncertainty and when new ventures do not operate from a location with a cluster of startups, such as Silicon Valley.
Raising a clarion call in challenging times: Prophetic risk and role
Authors: Miles-Tribble Valerie
Published: July 2024

This article examines theoethical complexities of teaching, preaching, and ministering in a volatile public landscape that sparked the Black Lives Matter movement. Centered in the movement are tensions related to complex factors that still foment sociocultural divisions. One factor is that religion and theology are often weaponized to propagate partisan ideological stances. In some cases, a polarizing conservative or far-right homiletical rhetoric foments division. In other cases, extremist groups raise the Bible and the cross to proclaim America was founded as a Christian nation, excluding other religions while ignoring ethnic minority groups. The result is a supremacist privileging of white Christian nationalism. How do we build bridges to cross these divides in this era I call Black Lives Matter times? The article’s first section examines the ethos of the present era. In the second section, I use an interdisciplinary lens to examine theoethical perspectives that find historical disunity in this country still rooted in racialized inequality issues. In the final section, I consider faith implications for theology and praxis. Raising a clarion call in challenging times requires a unifying commitment to public witness with a theoethical charge to embody love as restorative justice. My hope is girded by messaging that presents a clarion call to believe God’s eschatological love and redeeming justice will prevail.
An Extended Pre-testing Protocol in the Lead-up to Field Studies
Authors: Zinn Anna K. , Greene Danyelle , Demeter Csilla , Dolnicar Sara
Published: July 2024

To establish whether interventions ultimately change behavior, they are best tested in the field. However, there is no clear consensus on how to pre-select such interventions. To address this, we propose an extended pre-testing protocol in the lead-up to field studies. This extended protocol combines different approaches by (1) distinguishing between (a) an intervention triggering the corresponding theoretical construct, (b) the construct being linked to behavioral intentions, (c) the intervention affecting behavioral intentions; and (2) accounting for emotional reactions to intervention materials. We illustrate the protocol in an online experiment ( N = 636) focusing on the example behavior of opting out of daily hotel room cleans—a behavior which can help reduce the environmental footprint of tourism. The results illustrate the value of the extended pre-testing protocol in tourism and hospitality research and beyond. It increases understanding of underlying intervention mechanisms and ensures interventions are suitable for the field.
Bernoulli filter with signal coherent integration for target detection and tracking in clutter environments
Authors: Zhang Xue , Li Minzhe
Published: July 2024

In practical applications, the target maneuvers might lead to high-order range migration (RM) and Doppler frequency migration (DFM) effects, which seriously degrade the performance of long-time coherent integration. In this case, the target detection and tracking performance will deteriorate due to insufficient signal energy and heavy clutter. To address this problem, a recursive algorithm based on the Bernoulli filter with long-time coherent integration is proposed in this paper for maneuvering target detection and tracking in low signal-to-noise ratio environments. The Keystone transform is used to correct the linear RM. Then, the matched filtering is performed based on the state to eliminate the high-order RM and DFM. According to the focused peaks in the range-time azimuth-Doppler domain, the target existence probability and dynamic states are estimated using an amplitude-aided Gaussian mixture Bernoulli filter. Simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Compared with traditional coherent integration methods based on parameter searching, the proposed algorithm acquires close integration performance with less computational complexity, and the target detection and tracking performance is improved with the aid of integrated signal amplitude.
Can a Viral Blunder Damage Auditor Brand Name Reputation? Evidence From Envelopegate
Authors: Barnes Beau Grant , Cussatt Marc , Demeré Paul , Harp Nancy L.
Published: July 2024

“Envelopegate” is a term used to describe PricewaterhouseCoopers’ (PwC)’s service failure that occurred during the 2017 Academy Awards ceremony (“the Oscars”). For PwC, the error resulted in immediate and unprecedented negative publicity, which was driven by a viral response on social media and other online media platforms. Thus, Envelopegate offers a unique opportunity to observe the potential spillover effects of negative viral events on the brand name reputation of an audit firm. Using intraday and daily client stock returns, we find a significant negative market response for PwC audit clients within the first minute of trading on the day following Envelopegate. The negative market effect is driven by clients with higher demand for auditor reputation, but we find no evidence that results are driven by any specific audit market region. Thus, our research underscores the susceptibility of an audit firm’s brand value to negative viral events, even when the event is unrelated to audit services. The findings of this study should be of interest to scholars exploring how audit firms form and maintain reputations as well as to professional service firms that engage in highly visible client services as part of their strategic efforts to enhance brand value.
From Me to You to Us: Exploring the Relationship Between Self-Care, Partner Communication, and Family Harmony
Authors: Vasquez Taylor S. , Bruno Chelsea M. , Harris Victor W. , Visconti Brian
Published: July 2024

At its core, the family unit is composed of individual members. The way in which an individual engages in self-care practices has been shown to influence their ability to interact with others. Minimal research has explored the impact of an individual’s self-care on broader family functioning. Through a systems theory lens, this paper aims to elucidate two specific mechanisms through which self-care may affect family harmony through dyadic communication constructs. A parallel mediation model was tested using a sample of participants who completed the ELEVATE relationship education program ( N = 1578). Findings revealed two positive indirect effects of self-care on family harmony via affectionate communication and negative conflict management. Results also indicated a positive direct relationship between self-care and family harmony. This study represents an important empirical step towards understanding the complex relationships among intrapersonal self-care, interpersonal communication, and broader family harmony. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
A novel combination prediction model of ultra-short-term wind speed
Authors: Tang Fei
Published: July 2024

The accurate prediction of ultra-short-term wind speed has important theoretical significance and practical application value. In this paper, a combination prediction model of ultra-short-term wind speed based on variational mode decomposition is proposed. Firstly, the variational mode decomposition algorithm is introduced to decompose the ultra-short-term wind speed and obtain the components of different frequency. The approximate entropy algorithm is used to calculate the complexity of each component. According to the calculation results, echo state network is selected to predict high complexity components, support vector machine is used to predict medium complexity components, and autoregressive integrated moving average model is used to predict low complexity components. Then, the predicted values of each component are added to get the final prediction result. Gray wolf algorithm is used to optimize the model parameters of support vector machine and echo state network. In addition, the approximate entropy calculation results show that compared with the original ultra-short-term wind speed, the complexity of the components obtained by the variational mode decomposition algorithm is reduced, which makes the modeling of the ultra-short-term wind speed system simpler. Finally, the validity of the model is verified by taking the ultra-short-term wind speed data of 5 minutes and 10 minutes sampling period actually collected as the research object. The results show that the prediction model proposed in this paper has better performance than other single or combination prediction models.
“What Else Explains This Trauma but Porn?” Women Partners of Porn Addicts as Claims-Makers
Authors: Ortiz Stephanie M.
Published: July 2024

Heterosexual women partners of “porn addicts” are an understudied group of claims-makers in the construction of this social problem. To examine their diagnostic frames, this paper analyzes 33 surveys and 35 interviews with women recruited from a social support site. While respondents describe their negative relationship dynamics as a gendered collective trauma, the majority attribute blame exclusively to pornography as an addictive medium. Explanations of relationship dissatisfaction which invoke patriarchal control are read as feminist and inappropriate on the site, as trolls could have the site taken down for “man-hating.” In the absence of these alternate explanations, the saturation of stories of women’s reported suffering becomes linked to porn alone. This paper contributes to scholars’ understanding of how the censoring of feminist perspectives online shapes how diagnostic frames are circulated and repressed, with consequences for how groups can make meaning of gender and sexuality.
Influence of axial clearance on load distribution in double supported tapered roller bearings of wind turbine main shaft
Authors: Yuan Yanwei , Wang Jianmei , Ren Lu , Chen Jiguang
Published: July 2024

The operational safety and stability of wind turbines are highly determined by the characteristics of main bearings, which are influenced by the axial clearance. In this paper, for the arrangement type of double-supported tapered roller bearings on the wind turbine main shaft, the actual clearance distribution assumption is established, and a new method of calculating the internal load distribution taking into account the axial clearance is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical relationship between the clearance of tapered roller bearings and ring displacement, contact deformation, and load interval is described. Secondly, the load components of main bearings are calculated by force balance equation and load-displacement condition. Finally, a mathematical model of main bearings including axial clearance is established, and it is numerically solved to obtain the internal load distribution of the bearings. The calculation results of a large megawatt wind turbine example show that: the axial load of both main bearings is negatively correlated with the sum of axial clearances; the number of loaded rolling elements is negatively correlated with the sum of axial clearances; and there exists an optimal value of the sum of axial clearances for main bearings to reach the optimal load carrying state.
Phytoliths in bamboos from eastern and north-eastern India: Implications in distinguishing different ecoclimatic conditions and in deciphering Late Holocene climate variability
Authors: Biswas Oindrila , Naskar Madhab , Saikia Korobi , Datta Badal Kumar , Chowdhury Ashish Kumar , Paruya Dipak Kumar , Karmakar Manjuree , Biswas Ranita , Ghosh Ruby , Bera Subir
Published: July 2024

To develop a phytolith (biogenic silica) reference and to understand the eco-climatic indicative values of some grass silica short cells (GSSCs) occurring in the bamboos (Bambusoideae grasses), one of the chief floral components of eastern and north-eastern parts of India, we studied 44 modern bambusoid grasses and 26 surface soils from different eco-climatic zones covering both the plains and mountainous regions. Of the diverse phytoliths retrieved from the bamboos, Saddle tall and Saddle collapsed were the most abundant types (except in Yushania maling) and these types were also common in surface soil phytolith assemblages of the eastern and north-eastern parts of India. To assess the environmental sensitivity of most consistent morphotypes, we categorized two commonly occurring GSSC morphotypes namely Saddle tall into three groups based on their length and Saddle collapsed into two groups based on their length to width ratio respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to understand if these morphotypes could distinguish different eco-climatic conditions. Variability of Saddle tall and Saddle collapsed types (both morphometric and abundance) in bamboos growing in these parts of India is a function of mean precipitation of the wettest quarter (MPWeQ) and mean temperature of the driest quarter (MTDQ). The present results served as a baseline for reevaluating the interpretations of a Late-Holocene fossil phytolith record from the eastern Himalaya further validating the potential of Saddle tall and Saddle collapsed types in reconstructing past climate variability in a wide geographical region.
Late-Holocene changes in vegetation and fire within a forest refuge in the Araripe region, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Guerra Maria Daniely Freire , Ledru Marie-Pierre , Santos Xavier Sergio Augusto , Santos Rudney de Almeida , de Araújo Francisca Soares
Published: July 2024

In semi-arid northeastern Brazil, where water is scarce, rainforest refugia can be seen along the coastal relief, where the trade winds bring in humidity from the Atlantic Ocean, or further inland, at the Araripe plateau where water comes from aquifer resurgence. In order to reconstruct past changes in water resurgence and in their associated vegetation types, we analyzed pollen, charcoal, and trace elements from sediment cores collected in the permanent swamps created by the resurgences. Our high temporal resolution analyses show that the vegetation was more sparse and drier than today until 2700 cal yr BP. Between 2700 and 2000 cal yr BP, palm swamp and evergreen forest tree taxa started to expand, suggesting an increase in water resurgence. At 2000 cal yr BP, the moist forest with Mauritia expanded and fire activity changed from mixed to woody fuel particles. During the last 200 cal yr BP, a decrease in the palm tree Mauritia flexuosa, an expansion of Poaceae and an increase in macrocharcoal particles are attributed to an increase in anthropogenic activities in the Araripe Basin. The Late-Holocene climatic trend seen at Araripe mirrors that of eastern Brazil and has controlled the aquifer activity, including during the major droughts that affected the region. This is highly relevant for the application of public policies that rely on the aquifers of Araripe for the 21st century.
Socializing Policy Feedback: The Long-Term Effects of Adolescent Program Participation on Adult Party Identification
Authors: Micatka Nathan K. , Pacheco Julianna
Published: July 2024

Despite the expectation that welfare participation—because of its direct monetary payments—fosters strong attachments to the Democratic Party, the evidence to date suggests that welfare is unrelated to party identification. The majority of this research, however, focuses on adults, when partisan development is over. We argue that adolescent welfare participation may serve as a class-based signal that reinforces identification with the Democratic Party. Our inferences are generally consistent with this line of reasoning, but we also find important differences across race and ethnicity. Depending on the model, the likelihood of identifying with the Democratic Party in adulthood for white respondents is anywhere from 9 to 16% points higher for respondents who grew up in families that received welfare compared to those who did not have adolescent welfare participation. Other results, however, suggest a negative association between adolescent welfare use and identification with the Democratic Party for non-Hispanic black respondents. We conclude that despite the fact that adult welfare experiences lead to political disengagement, adolescent program participation can be sites of partisan learning.
Should Global Brands Engage in Brand Activism?
Authors: Shukla Paurav , Rosendo-Rios Veronica , Khalifa Dina
Published: July 2024

Brand activism, taking a stance on current and divisive sociopolitical issues, has emerged as a novel means of expressing a brand's values and engaging with the firm's customer base. Yet, globally, companies lack conclusive guidance on the consequences of taking a stance. This research asks a novel question: Should global brands engage in activism? Using varying activism manipulations (e.g., statements and actions), five studies reveal consumer preference for activist global brands. More importantly, guided by schema change theory, the authors find that the positive brand activism effect is particularly strong for global brands associated with negative brand origin, irrespective of consumers’ prior attitude valence. However, brands with positive origin associations benefit from activism only when consumers’ prior attitude valence is in alignment. The authors also identify the mediating effects of self–brand connection, which has downstream consequences for behavioral intentions. Taken together, this work sheds new light on consumer perceptions of brand activism across cultures, elucidates why consumers prefer global brands that engage in activism, and offers actionable insights for global brand managers.
Untangling the Duality of Emerging Market Firms’ Response to Outward Foreign Direct Investment Policies on Their Innovation Performance: A Resource Dependence Perspective
Authors: Wang Yueqi , Xu Wanqiu , Guo Bin
Published: July 2024

Firms’ international expansion, affected by outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) policies of home countries, can greatly shape their innovation performance. Yet, existing literature lacks sufficient investigation toward the nexus between corporate response to policies in OFDI activities and subsequent innovation performance. Thus, this article examines how a firm's response to OFDI policies affects its innovation performance. Drawing on the resource dependence theory, the authors theorize corporate response to OFDI policies as firm dependence on home governments. They argue that such dependence differentially affects firm innovation through support and control mechanisms, and elucidate an inverted U-shaped relationship between corporate response to OFDI policies (measured by the percentage of a firm's OFDI projects in policy-favored markets) and innovation performance (measured as patent counts). Furthermore, this curvilinear relationship, they posit, is moderated and strengthened by home-government subsidies the firm receives (calculated as the ratio of annual subsidies received to yearly sales). The authors use archival data of 2,050 Chinese listed manufacturing firms responding to specific OFDI policies from 2013 to 2021 to corroborate their predictions. Overall, by illuminating the innovation implications of OFDI as a corporate response to policies, this study contributes to the international marketing literature in the context of emerging markets.
Quantification of First Metatarsal Joint Surface Interactions in Hallux Rigidus Using Distance and Coverage Mapping: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Jones Matthew Thomas , Braza Samuel , Mallavarapu Vineel , Behrens Andrew , Jasper Ryan , Stebral Hannah , Carvalho Kepler Alencar Mendes de , Barbachan Mansur Nacime Salomao , Dibbern Kevin , de Cesar Netto Cesar
Published: July 2024

Background:

Weightbearing cone-beam computed tomography (WBCT) has proven useful for analysis of structural changes of the foot and ankle when compared to conventional radiographs. WBCT allows for extraction of distance and coverage mapping metrics, which may provide novel insight into hallux rigidus (HR). This study retrospectively assessed HR joint space using distance and coverage mapping in a case-control study.

Methods:

WBCT images of the foot and ankle for 20 symptomatic HR and 20 control patients were obtained. Three-dimensional models were created and analyzed using a custom semiautomatic measurement algorithm. Distance and coverage mapping metrics for the first metatarsophalangeal and metatarsosesamoid joints were extracted from the models and compared between cohorts. Relationships between these metrics and visual analog scale (VAS) scores, a patient-reported outcome of pain, were assessed in HR patients.

Results:

Overall first metatarsophalangeal joint space narrowing was noted in HR patients when compared to controls by an average of 11.8% ( P = .02). However, no significant changes in the overall coverage of the joint were noted. Decreased joint space width and increased surface-to-surface coverage were only and particularly observed at the plantar medial quadrant of the first metatarsal head in HR patients relative to controls. VAS score was significantly but weakly correlated with dorsolateral quadrant coverage ( R2 = 0.26, P = .03).

Conclusion:

Distance and coverage mapping serve as a complementary option to current techniques of quantifying HR changes. These metrics can expand the scope of future work investigating joint articulation changes in HR.
Home Visiting and Child Welfare Involvement: A Matched Comparison Group Study
Authors: Doe Hilary A. , Osborne Cynthia , Huffman Jennifer , Craig Sean M. , Shero Mason
Published: July 2024

The present study is one of the largest quasi-experimental studies to date on the effects of home visiting on documented child maltreatment during a child’s first two years of life. In this matched comparison group study, we compare 8796 families that participated in a home visiting program (HV families) to 8796 similar non-participating families (non-HV families) selected from birth records using Coarsened Exact Matching. Using sequential logistic regression, we identify that HV families have significantly higher odds of experiencing a child maltreatment investigation by their child’s second birthday compared to non-HV families; however, among those that were investigated, HV families have significantly lower odds of having their first investigation substantiated for maltreatment. Overall, HV families do not differ significantly from non-HV families in the odds of experiencing a substantiated investigation over 2 years. We share implications for considering surveillance bias, and we highlight the importance of including both substantiated and unsubstantiated investigations when studying the effects of home visiting on documented child maltreatment.