bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O FEMINISMO CHILENO NA ESCRITA AUTOFICCIONAL DE ISABEL ALLENDE
Authors: Piechontcoski Uribe Opazo Andreia , De Figueiredo Fiuza Adriana Aparecida
Published: July 2022

Com relação às literaturas de autoria feminina produzidas na América Latina, teóricas como Márcia Hoppe Navarro (1995) e Sara Beatriz Guardía (2013) destacam Isabel Allende por ser uma das primeiras escritoras a serem reconhecidas, ainda na década de 1980 – tanto em número de exemplares vendidos quanto em elogios por parte da crítica literária. Como elemento essencial de sua escritura, Allende busca recontar histórias de mulheres por meio da ficção, colocando-as não apenas como personagens, mas também como narradoras. Além disso, a produção allendiana é composta por obras narradas em primeira pessoa, nas quais há o uso da escrita literária para analisar e opinar sobre distintos tópicos, como as condições sociais das mulheres na América Latina. Nesse sentido, o artigo pretende analisar comparativamente as obras Mi país inventado (2013) e Mujeres del alma mía (2020), partindo do conceito de autoficção, criado por Serge Doubrovsky em 1977, e analisado pelas teóricas brasileiras Eurídice Figueiredo (2010) e Anna Faedrich (2014; 2016). O estudo buscou identificar convergências e divergências na configuração (auto)ficcional da mulher em ambas as obras, além de considerar as mudanças sociais que ocorreram no Chile, no período pós-ditatorial, a partir do ano de 1990, e após as manifestações feministas que ocorreram entre 2018 e 2019. Para isso, o embasamento teórico se apoiou em Verónica Feliu (2009); Valentina Saavedra e Javiera Toro (2018); Catherine Reyes-Housholder e Beatriz Roque (2019), que investigam o papel e a condição das mulheres chilenas após os períodos citados, além da influência dos movimentos feministas no país.
МОБИЛЬНЫЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ И ОНЛАЙН ПЛАТФОРМЫ ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИИ ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors: А. М. Аязбаева  , А. Алдабердыкызы  , Э. Ф. Герфанова  , Н. Б. Есенова  , Ф. А. Оспанова
Published: July 2022

В данной статье описываются различные мобильные приложения и платформы для обучения английского языка, что является показателем дистанционного обучения. В статье показаны результаты обучения, основанные на сборе данных, полученных при анкетировании. Предоставляется также международный опыт внедрения мобильных приложений и их результаты в различные года, на основе, которых можно делать соответствующие выводы. Внедрение мобильных приложений показывает значительное улучшение академической успеваемости студентов. Значение роли мобильных приложений в образовании постоянно растёт за счёт общедоступности и привлекательности с точки зрения новых технологий, а также возможностей, которые они предоставляют. Работая в оцифрованное время, невозможно не обходиться и не пополнять свои знания и опыт в сфере диджитализированных устройств. Чтобы преуспеть и преподнести урок в игровой, интерактивной, плодотворной манере, преподаватель постоянно должен повышать свои навыки в сфере мобильных приложений и обучающих платформ. Данная статья наиболее актуальна в данное время, в ней обобщен новый материал по использованию и влиянию новейших приложений и платформ на процесс обучения иностранного языка.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ ЛИЧНОСТИ НА ОСНОВЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ НОВЫХ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
Authors: Г. Г. Кантаева  , А. Ш. Балтынова
Published: July 2022

В статье рассматривается проблема формирования социокультурной компетенции будущего педагога. Отмечено, что данная компетенция играет значительную роль в ценностном самоопределении обучающего и развитии его профессионально-педагогической культуры. Цель работы – выявление роли технологии и проектирования проблемного изложения, рефлексивной в обогащении его культурных знаний и навыков обучаемых. В процессе исследования получены научные результаты: выявлена роль инновационных технологий в самостоятельном развитии компетенции обучающихся в области культуры; рассмотрены способы усвоения норм в ходе социализации, выяснены педагогические условия освоения ценностей культуры и личностных смыслов, описаны способы получения смыслового опыта личности в ходе участия в решении проблемных заданий, подготовке проекта, оценки своей деятельности в процессе участия в рефлексивном круге. В статье использован компетентностый подход, метод проблемной подачи материала, технология рефлексивной деятельности, метод проектов. Сделаны выводы о необходимости преодоления разрыва между образованием и культурой путем внедрения в учебный процесс культурологического подхода, развития профессионально-педагогической культуры обучающихся путем развития их социокультурной компетенции, привлекая для этого новые технологии обучения.
Guerra Psicológica: o conceito no jornal Ultima Hora (1961-1963)
Authors: Chaves Renan Ramos , Antonio Mariana Dias , Oliveira Dennison de
Published: July 2022

O conceito de guerra psicológica surge no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro na segunda metade da década de 1960, nas Leis de Segurança Nacional. O conhecimento de como se compreendia o conceito em momentos anteriores permanece nebuloso, mas algumas das formas de entendimento podem ser encontradas em fontes de imprensa. Empreendemos uma pesquisa empírica a partir de 74 matérias do jornal Ultima Hora, publicadas entre 1961 e 1963, para compreender o que o jornal definia como guerra psicológica ao público leitor e se as ações dos indivíduos e instituições envolvidos na derrubada do presidente João Goulart (1961-1964) eram entendidas como tal. A análise revela um conceito concordante com a literatura especializada, mas contrastante com a associação recorrente ao movimento comunista internacional e referindo-se aos opositores de Goulart. Também explicitamos as cargas axiológicas e teleológicas em sua construção semântica e sua convergência com a tese de René Armand Dreifuss.
Prospects for the Development of Foreign Trade of Kazakhstan with the Countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
Authors: Dulambayeva R. T. , Yessenzholova G. D.
Published: July 2022

The study is devoted to the study of the prospects for the development of Kazakhstan’s foreign trade with the countries of the Comprehensive Regional Economic Partnership (CREP) by analyzing the indicators of the openness of the economy and the use of econometric forecasting models. The relevance of the work is due to the need to consider the prospects for the development of Kazakhstan’s foreign trade relations with the new trade association CREP for further formation of directions for the development of such relations based on the principles of evidence-based policy, since the results obtained in the study can serve as a basis for making public management decisions in the field of trade and customs policy. Within the framework of the article, the authors applied a strategy of combined research methods with a comparative analysis of the results of using each of them. Thus, econometric methods of Box-Jenkins forecasting, exponential smoothing with the use of tests to check their adequacy and validity were used. Forecast errors are calculated, such as the root-mean-square error, the average absolute error and the average absolute error as a percentage. The study resulted in forecasts of Kazakhstan’s foreign trade turnover with the CREP countries for the short term, which allowed us to conclude about the positive dynamics of the development of these trade relations. A more accurate forecast is presented based on the use of the exponential smoothing method, which demonstrates the smallest error size and is easier to apply.
The Effects of changes in Tariff Rates on Imports: Evidence from Kazakhstan
Authors: Aituar A. N. , Kemelbayeva S. S.
Published: July 2022

This paper is the continuation of the research on the impact of Eurasian Customs Union policies on the economy of Kazakhstan.

   The study provides new evidence on the effects of Customs Unions on its members. In particular, this paper investigates the impact of tariff rate changes in Kazakhstan due to the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union. Kazakhstan joined Eurasian Customs Union in 2010. Then the Eurasian Customs Union became the Eurasian Economic Union in May 2014. Since the establishment of the ECU, Kazakhstan’s trade policy has experienced considerable change. The tariff rates in Kazakhstan with countries outside the ECU almost doubled, with average tariff rates increasing from 6.45 to 12.24 %. This paper uses the dataset on bilateral trade flows between ECU countries and other 195 countries for 20 years from 2000 to 2019. An empirical analysis is performed on a country level, and panel data techniques are used to estimate whether the increase in the tariffs with non-members of CU will lead to trade diversion with suppliers outside the CU. The analysis demonstrated that the increase in tariff rates negatively affected imports to Kazakhstan from non-ECU countries. The effect of tariff increase, using the dynamic gravity model and GMM econometric technique, is estimated to be a 1.8 % decrease in imports if the average external tariff rate of Kazakhstan increases by one percentage point (e. g. from 7 % to 8 %). Due to the increase in tariff rates, the overall estimated reduction of imports of Kazakhstan is 10.66 %.
Macroeconomic, Political and Institutional Factors of Economic Growth
Authors: Zhorayev O. , He H.
Published: July 2022

Broad theoretical and empirical literature discusses how economic development is affected by different economic, political, institutional, social, and other factors. The classic macroeconomic growth theory argues that poorer states must have higher rates of economic growth compared to more prosperous states due to the so-called ‘catch-up effect’. The concept of ‘institutional sclerosis’, suggested by Olson, claims that economic performance is worse in countries that have powerful interest groups. Some scholars suggest that economic growth is conditioned by ‘institutional coherence’ when one institution in a country promotes the efficiency of another. In this research, using regression analysis we estimate the effect of different factors on economic growth in 187 countries from 2001 to 2018. Our findings do not fully support Olson’s argument that economic decline in some countries was conditioned by the influence of interest groups. Our econometric results do not confirm the importance of the effectiveness of state governance and the quality of public policy. At the same time, the most robust result of our analysis is a statistically significant negative relationship between the level of a country’s initial economic development and its following medium- and long-term economic growth. This research contributes to the existing literature by testing Olson’s institutional sclerosis effect for the last two decade,; estimating the combined effect of interacted variables that explains predictions of both ‘interest groups’ and ‘varieties of capitalism’ theories; considering various macroeconomic and social factors along with political ones in one multivariate model.
The Current State and Development of Women’s Entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan Economy
Authors: Bulkhairova Zh. S. , Nurmukhametov N. N. , Kizimbayeva A. , Shametova A. A.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyze the current state and development of women’s entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan, which has a significant impact on the sustainable development of business structures. Therefore, in recent years, in the COVID-19 pandemic context, more and more attention has been paid to empowering small and medium-sized enterprises led by women, but in many low-income countries, women entrepreneurs still face significant barriers that do not exist when men are engaged in business. The analysis revealed that in practice, despite the organic changes introduced in COVID-19 pandemic conditions, women’s interest in the entrepreneurial activity organization is increasing every year from the point of view of the formation of the business process culture. The analysis identified the main reasons why women go into business: the desire for financial independence, the desire to realize their business idea, and the opportunity to combine work, family, and entertainment. Consequently, the state institution is actively pursuing a policy to reduce gender inequality, including in the business environment of Kazakhstan. The results of the study confirm that small and medium- sized business support institutions are interested in increasing women’s business, regardless of geographical location (city and village). Statistical analysis shows that the largest percentage of women entrepreneurs in wholesale and retail trade, the smallest percentage of women entrepreneurs is observed in the field of public administration and defense. To increase the business activity of women’s entrepreneurship, recommendations were developed for the formation and creation of a Unified National information Base on the development of women’s entrepreneurship.
Role of Resilience in the Relationship Between Food Security and Wellbeing
Authors: Nurgazy Sh. A. , Seitkaziyeva A. M. , Simanaviciene Z.
Published: July 2022

There are discussions among scientists on how food security and resilience can effect on the psychological wellbeing of university students. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of food security on the psychological wellbeing of university students by examining the mediating role of resilience. The quantitative survey was used to predict that the recipients’ wellbeing would increase when there is a positive effect on food security and resilience. Moreover, it was also expected that ensuring food security, would increase the resilience of the recipients. Questionnaires were used to collect data from more than 180 students from the largest Higher education institutions and one hundred and thirty-six of them were reliable for analysis. Only students were selected to the sample, because they are one of the most vulnerable groups in our society, especially those who come from regions to big cities like Almaty for the first time. Based on the structural modeling of Smart PLS, the results show that resilience mediates the relationship between Food security and psychological wellbeing. Moreover, mediation analyses supported the hypothesized model. This paper contributes to a more complete understanding of how investment in student’s food security may support or build students psychological wellbeing. Additionally, we contribute to the emerging literature on the mediating effect of resilience. Therefore, there is a need to support activities within and outside of government, as well as the effective participation of stakeholders to provide a coordinated and collaborative response.
Territorial Distribution of Kazakhstan’s Knowledge-Intensive Sectors of the Economy: Opportunities and Prospects
Authors: Dnishev F. M. , Alzhanova F. G. , Satpayeva Z. T.
Published: July 2022

The key strategic priorities of the development of Kazakhstan are diversification, technological modernization and formation of a new industrial structure. It is clear that modern industrial structure is impossible to be formed with-out knowledge-based industries and fields, and prerequisites for their development in the regions of Kazakhstan differ significantly.

   The goal of this article is to assess the prerequisites and prospects of spatial development of knowledge-based sectors of Kazakhstan’s economy. The methodology of the article is based on the theoretical and methodological provision that possibilities for the development of knowledge-based economy in local territories and at certain points depend of specific factors such as availability of research and academic organizations in the territory. System-structural and functional approaches, methods of empirical research, including observation, comparison, generalization, systematization, methods of analysis and synthesis, logical analysis, methods of regional studies, and cluster analysis were used. There was used as the information base of the research the data reflected in the periodical press, the data of ministries, works of scientists of Kazakhstan and copyright developments under the framework of the study of innovation localization process and knowledge-based sectors of the economy. It is shown that development of knowl-edge-based sectors of economy in Kazakhstan will not be widespread, but will have a «cellular nature», located inside the boundaries of separate territories or «high-tech districts» (knowledge-based hubs, knowledge-based clusters, and smart cities) and perspectives of their development will be considered. The results of the research have been tested while recommendations development on issues of Kazakhstan territories’ technological modernization.
The Impact of Interregional and Country Inequality on the Dynamics of Economic Growth in Kazakhstan
Authors: Turkebayeva K. Т. , Wolff C.
Published: July 2022

In modern realities, inequality is not only an urgent problem but is quite acutely perceived by society, especially in the post-pandemic period.

   This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the impact of inequality on the economic growth of Kazakhstan. In theoretical and empirical works, there are trends of both positive and negative effects of inequality on the growth of the economies of various countries. The research methodology is based on the development of the concept of interregional and country inequality. Methods such as retrospective analysis, generalization and systematization, comparative analysis, and regression analysis were applied. The information basis of the study was the database files for 16 regions of Kazakhstan and a period of 25 years from 1993 to 2018, available on the website of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis of the calculated inequality coefficients, it was determined that the gap between interregional and country inequality is insignificant. Over 25 years, there has been a considerable increase in interregional and country inequality in Kazakhstan. The econometric analysis confirmed the existence of a significant negative link between inequality and economic growth and a positive relationship between income and GRP. In general, the study’s main hypothesis on the impact of inequality on the dynamics of economic growth in Kazakhstan is confirmed by empirical calculations. Thus, when developing and defining an effective regional policy, it is necessary to take into account the impact of inequality on economic growth, as it is statistically significant.
Analysis and Forecast of the Demographic Situation in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kangalakova D. M. , Abzhan Zh. K. , Ibraimova S. Zh. , Spankulova L. S.
Published: July 2022

Forecasting demographic processes is a calculation of the future number, gender, and age structure of citizens in the context of individual countries, their regions, regional entities, as well as the whole world as a whole. In the strategic planning of the state’s economic and social situation, the population is important. This research paper provides an analysis of the demographic forecast in the example of Kazakhstan.

   The purpose of the study was to analyze the population of Kazakhstan in the period from 2000 to 2020, identify features, and forecast the population until 2050. The study used methods such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and a method, that allows, to predict the behavior of processes in the future. Using the method of extrapolation, the coefficients of fertility, mortality, natural, absolute, average population growth, and migration coefficient were determined. Based on the calculated coefficients, the population of the republic was predicted until 2050. The study found that the population in Kazakhstan increased by 200-300 thousand people annually, the birth rate doubled from 2000 to 2020, mortality increased by 7%, there is a high demographic potential in Turkestan and Almaty regions, high, low - in North Kazakhstan, Kostanay and West Kazakhstan regions. The results of the study showed that in 2050 the population will be 26.5 million people. The paper provides recommendations for improving the demographic situation in the country. The results of the study can be applied in the theory of demographic forecasting and in the work on the strategic planning of state bodies.
Ministerium hilft nicht beim Deklarationsdilemma
Authors: Falker Gerrit-Milena
Published: July 2022

Das BMEL will die Schweizer Lösung zum „Dekalarationsnotstand“ nicht übertragen. Aus Sicht eines Lebensmittelrechtsjuristen ist das auch gar nicht nötig. Von Sticker-Lösungen rät er zudem generell ab.
AB InBev will‘s wissen
Authors: Kapell Elisabeth
Published: July 2022

Impulse aus der Mitarbeiterschaft aufzunehmen und für Transparenz zu sorgen, das sind erklärtermaßen zentrale Aspekte der Unternehmenskultur bei AB InBev. Dafür soll auch die neue Personalmanagement-Plattform sorgen, die die Brau-Gruppe Anfang des Jahres weltweit eingeführt hat. Jeder Mitarbeiter hat Zugriff darauf.
educación media en El Salvador
Authors: Gúzman José Luis , Carriola Leonor
Published: July 2022

Análisis de la educación media en el país a partir de su evolución histórica reciente y de su ubicación actual en el sistema educativo. El diagnóstico de la situación actual de la educación media considera la organización administrativa, la diversificación de la oferta, la inequidad de la cobertura, el currículum, la eficiencia y la relevancia externa. Finalmente, se recogen las necesidades principales y se indican las opciones futuras para la política educativa.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 49, No. 547-548, 1994: 437-468.
Elecciones ; División en el FMLN ; Día del soldado ; Nuevo gobierno ; Derechos humanos
Authors: El Editor
Published: July 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 49, No. 547-548, 1994: 589-607.
USE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN CERAMIC BRICK TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   West Kazakhstan Innovation and Technological University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan, Bekkaliev N.M.
Published: July 2022

The production of wall ceramics is one of the most material-intensive industries. It is known that the quality of ceramic products is determined by the properties of the raw materials used. The article provides information on changes in the properties of natural raw materials for the production of ce-ramic bricks. In the production of ceramic bricks, it was found that various man-made raw materials can be a good addition to natural raw materials.
USING COMPOSITE PLASTICS FOR RESTORATION OF DAMAGED REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Authors:   Kazakh Research and Design Institute of Construction and Architecture, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Bespayev A.A. , Mukhanbetzhanova Zh.Sh. ,   Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2022

A method is proposed to restore the operational suitability of bent reinforced concrete structures with increased deflections and excessive crack opening. Modern methods of reinforcement by surface gluing composite fibro-reinforced plastics (FRP) on the stretched zone of exploited reinforced concrete structures increase the strength and rigidity of reinforcing elements, but do not reduce deflections and the width of crack opening. To restore the operational suitability of damaged reinforced concrete structures, a preliminary stress is proposed, which is used to strengthen FRP, which is provided by the creation of a temporary construction lift in the damaged elements.
ACTIVATING ASTRINGENT FROM CEMENT, ASH AND SLAG BY METHOD OF COMPLEX ELECTROMECHANICS ACTIVATING
Authors:   Baishev University, Аktobe, Kazakhstan, Dzhumabaev M.D. , Makhambetova U.K. ,   Baishev University, Аktobe, Kazakhstan, Zharylgapov S.M. ,   The Western Kazakhstan agrarian-technical University of the name Jangir khan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan, Dzhumabaeva K.M. ,   The Western Kazakhstan agrarian-technical University of the name Jangir khan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2022

In the article resulted mechanism of activating astringent from cement, ash and slag during the complex electromechanics activating of astringent, got results on measuring ζ –electrokinetic potential of the activated mixture at the different types of activating and application domain in building of sawdust concrete on the basis of got astringent.
A NEW DESIGN OF A SAND TAP WITH LONGITUDINAL SLOTS AND ITS HYDRAULIC CALCULATION
Authors:   M.Kh. DulatyTaraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan, Joldassov S.K. , Abildaev S.T. ,   M.Kh. DulatyTaraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan, Sarbassova G.A. ,   M.Kh. DulatyTaraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan, Omarbekova M.T. ,   M.Kh. DulatyTaraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan, Tattibayev S.Z. ,   M.Kh. DulatyTaraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2022

The scientific work presents the results of studies of sand traps with longitudinal slots used in soil channels. New designs of sand traps with longitudinal nano-grip slots are given. In the new design of the proposed sandbox, this is achieved by creating an additional helical movement by installing an indirect vertical pipe in the pipe.
APPLICATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT CHEMICALS IN THE PROCESS OF LOCAL THAWING OF SEASONALLY FROZEN SOILS
Authors:   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Zhusupbekov A.J. , Montaeva A.S. ,   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Shakeshev B.T. ,   West Kazakhstan University of Innovation and Technology, Uralsk, Kazakhstan, Narikov K.A. ,   West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University. Zhangir Khan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of scientific and experimental work on the study of the effect of quicklime in the composition of a chemical reagent on the depth of thawing in season-ally frozen soils in places where pile foundations are driven. The proposed technology provides for the driving of pile foundations without preliminary drilling of seasonally frozen soil, and the use of low-power units for driving piles.
METHOD OF REINFORCING REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES DAMAGED UNDER DIFFERENT FACTORS
Authors:   Kazakh Research and Design Institute of Construction and Architecture, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Bespayev A.A. , Mukhanbetzhanova Zh.Sh. ,   Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2022

Methods for designing surface reinforcement of normal and inclined sections of bent reinforced concrete elements under normal operating conditions are outlined. Methods for restoring damaged reinforced concrete structures are proposed, including the use of prestressing with fiber-reinforced plastics. Data on the effectiveness of the restoration of damaged reinforced concrete structures are given.
ECONOMIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF ALMATY ON THE EXAMPLE OF HOTEL SECTOR
Authors:   Kazakh National Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Taszhanova А.G. , Kakimzhanov E.H. ,   Kazakh National Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sagybekova A.O. ,   Kazakh Automobile and Road Academy named after L.B. Goncharov, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Zhanakova R.K. ,   Kazakh Automobile and Road Academy named after L.B. Goncharov, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Nauryzbaev K.A. ,   Kazakh Automobile and Road Academy named after L.B. Goncharov, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Botantaeva B.S. ,   Kazakh National Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Ataeva G.K. ,   Kazakh Automobile and Road Academy named after L.B. Goncharov, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of a comprehensive economic, statistical, marketing and geographical analysis and a comprehensive assessment of the city's hotel services sector. Criteria for comprehensive assessment: category of hotels and rooms; pricing policy, range of additional and standard services to be provided. In addition, a map of hotels in Almaty was created in the ArcGIS program.
INTELLIGENT SYSTEM OF OPTIMUM CONTROL OF WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING NETWORK OPERATION AT RANDOM FAILURES
Authors:   Kazakh University of Innovation and Telecommunication Systems, Uralsk, Kazakhstan, Velyamov T.T. , Manankova O.A. ,   NJSC "Almaty University of Energy and Communications named after Gumarbek Daukeev",   Аlmaty, Kazakhstan, Yakubova M.Z. ,   NJSC "Almaty University of Energy and Communications named after Gumarbek Daukeev",   Аlmaty, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the development of a unique intelligent system that solves the problem of managing failures of water supply equipment in an engineering network. The developed intelligent system minimizes the costs of maintaining water supply equipment and most closely matches the conditions for the operation of an engineering network, taking into account modern features of economic fluctuations in the financial market for water supply equipment and the rapid development of IT technologies.
PEDAGOGICALLY DIRECTED THINKING AND THE TIME FACTOR
Authors:   International Educational Corporation (KazGASA campus), Almaty Kazakhstan, Bupezhanov S.M. , Kabilova R.Kh. ,   International Educational Corporation (KazGASA campus), Almaty Kazakhstan, Aimagambetova Z.T. ,   International Educational Corporation (KazGASA campus), Almaty Kazakhstan
Published: July 2022

The article examines the teacher's thinking as a pedagogical category, the need to make changes related to the level of perception of information and the change in the worldview of different generations and the factors of the formation of professional pedagogical thinking capable of managing pedagogical time. The comparison of fixation on stereotypes that inhibit the use of new technologies in the educational process, and fixation on developing and active methods of "modeling success", substantiation of the need for significant revolutionary changes in teaching (not teaching), formed through the breakthrough of creative, innovative thought – the formation of new pedagogical thinking.
Understanding aerosol composition in a tropical inter-Andean valley impacted by agro-industrial and urban emissions
Authors: Mateus-Fontecha Lady , Vargas-Burbano Angela , Jimenez Rodrigo , Rojas Nestor Y. , Rueda-Saa German , van Pinxteren Dominik , van Pinxteren Manuela , Fomba Khanneh Wadinga , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Agro-industrial areas are frequently affected by various sources of atmospheric pollutants that have a negative impact on public health and ecosystems. However, air quality in these areas is infrequently monitored because of their smaller population compared to large cities, especially in developing countries. The Cauca River valley (CRV) is an agro-industrial region in southwestern Colombia, where a large fraction of the area is devoted to sugarcane and livestock production. The CRV is also affected by road traffic and industrial emissions. This study aims to elucidate the chemical composition of particulate matter fine mode (PM2.5) and to identify the main pollutant sources before source attribution. A sampling campaign was carried out at a representative site in the CRV region, where daily averaged mass concentrations of PM2.5 and the concentrations of water-soluble ions, trace metals, organic and elemental carbon, and various fractions of organic compounds (carbohydrates, n alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – PAHs) were measured. The mean PM2.5 was 14.4±4.4 µg m−3, and the most abundant constituent was organic material (52.7 % ± 18.4 %), followed by sulfate (12.7 % ± 2.8 %), and elemental carbon (7.1 % ± 2.5 %), which indicates the presence of secondary aerosol formation and incomplete combustion. Levoglucosan was present in all samples, with a mean concentration of (113.8±147.2 ng m−3), revealing biomass burning as a persistent source. Mass closure using the elemental carbon (EC) tracer method explained 88.4 % on PM2.5, whereas the organic tracer method explained 70.9 % of PM2.5. We attribute this difference to the lack of information of specific organic tracers for some sources, both primary and secondary. Organic material and inorganic ions were the dominant groups of species (79 % of PM2.5). OMprim and OMsec contribute 24.2 % and 28.5 % to PM2.5. Inorganic ions as sulfate, nitrate, and ammonia constitute 19.0 %, EC 7.1 %, dust 3.5%, particle-bounded water (PBW) 5.3 %, and trace element oxides (TEOs), 0.9 % of PM2.5. The aerosol was acidic, with a pH of 2.5±0.4, mainly because of the abundance of organic and sulfur compounds. Diagnostic ratios and tracer concentrations indicate that most PM2.5 was emitted locally and had contributions of both pyrogenic and petrogenic sources, that biomass burning was ubiquitous during the sampling period and was the main source of PAHs, and that the relatively low PM2.5 concentrations and mutagenic potentials are consistent with low-intensity, year-long biomass burning (BB) and sugarcane pre-harvest burning in the CRV.
Sensitivity of aerosol optical depth trends using long term measurements of different sun-photometers
Authors: Karanikolas Angelos , Kouremeti Natalia , Gröbner Julian , Egli Luca , Kazadzis Stelios
Published: July 2022

Abstract. This work aims to assess differences in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) trend estimations when using high quality AOD measurements from two different instruments with different technical characteristics, operational (e.g. measurement frequency), calibration and processing protocols. The different types of Sun photometers are the CIMEL that is part of AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) and a precision Filter Radiometer (PFR), part of the Global Atmosphere Watch Precision Filter Radiometer network. The analysis operated for two wavelengths (500/501 nm and 870/862 nm for CIMEL/PFR) in Davos, Switzerland, for the period 2007–2019. For the synchronous AOD measurements, more than 95 % of the CIMEL-PFR AOD differences are within the WMO accepted limits, showing very good measurement agreement and homogeneity in calibration and post correction procedures. AOD trends per decade in AOD for Davos for the 13-year period of analysis were approximately -0.017 and -0.007 per decade for 501 nm and 862 nm (PFR), while the CIMEL-PFR trend differences have been found 0.0005 and 0.0003 respectively. The linear trend difference for 870/862 nm is larger than the linear fit standard error. When calculating monthly AODs using all PFR data (higher instrument frequency) and comparing them with the PFR measurements that are synchronous with CIMEL, the trend differences are smaller than the standard error. The trend differences are also larger than the trend uncertainty attributed to the instrument measurement uncertainty, with the exception of the comparison between the 2 PFR datasets (high and low frequency) at 862 nm. Finally, when calculating time-varying trends, they differ within their uncertainties.
Ice water path retrievals from Meteosat-9 using quantile regression neural networks
Authors: Amell Adrià , Eriksson Patrick , Pfreundschuh Simon
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The relationship between geostationary radiances and ice water path (IWP) is complex, and traditional retrieval approaches are not optimal. This work applies machine learning to improve the IWP retrieval from Meteosat-9 observations, with a focus on low latitudes, training the models against retrievals based on CloudSat. Advantages of machine learning include avoiding explicit physical assumptions on the data, an efficient use of information from all channels, and easily leveraging spatial information. Thermal infrared (IR) retrievals are used as input to achieve a performance independent of the solar angle. They are compared with retrievals including solar reflectances, as well as a subset of IR channels for compatibility with historical sensors. The retrievals are accomplished with quantile regression neural networks. This network type provides case-specific uncertainty estimates, compatible with non-Gaussian errors, and is flexible enough to be applied to different network architectures. Spatial information is incorporated into the network through a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. This choice outperforms architectures that only work pixelwise. In fact, the CNN shows a good retrieval performance by using only IR channels. This allows computing diurnal cycles, a problem that CloudSat cannot resolve due to its limited temporal and spatial sampling. These retrievals compare favourably with IWP retrievals in CLAAS, a thoroughly validated dataset based on a traditional approach. These results highlight the possibilities to overcome limitations from physics-based approaches using machine learning while providing efficient, probabilistic IWP retrieval methods. Moreover, they suggest extending this first work to higher latitudes as well as considering geostationary data as a complement to the upcoming Ice Cloud Imager mission, for example, to bridge the gap in temporal sampling with respect to space-based radars.
Variation in CO2 and CH4 fluxes among land cover types in heterogeneous Arctic tundra in northeastern Siberia
Authors: Juutinen Sari , Aurela Mika , Tuovinen Juha-Pekka , Ivakhov Viktor , Linkosalmi Maiju , Räsänen Aleksi , Virtanen Tarmo , Mikola Juha , Nyman Johanna , Vähä Emmi , Loskutova Marina , Makshtas Alexander , Laurila Tuomas
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Arctic tundra is facing unprecedented warming, resulting in shifts in the
vegetation, thaw regimes, and potentially in the ecosystem–atmosphere
exchange of carbon (C). However, the estimates of regional carbon dioxide
(CO2) and methane (CH4) budgets are highly uncertain. We measured
CO2 and CH4 fluxes, vegetation composition and leaf area index
(LAI), thaw depth, and soil wetness in Tiksi (71∘ N,
128∘ E), a heterogeneous site located within the prostrate
dwarf-shrub tundra zone in northeastern Siberia. Using the closed chamber
method, we determined the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2,
ecosystem respiration in the dark (ER), ecosystem gross photosynthesis (Pg),
and CH4 flux during the growing season. We applied a previously
developed high-spatial-resolution land cover map over an area of 35.8 km2 for spatial extrapolation. Among the land cover types varying from
barren to dwarf-shrub tundra and tundra wetlands, the NEE and Pg at the
photosynthetically active photon flux density of 800 µmol m−2 h−1 (NEE800 and Pg800) were greatest in the
graminoid-dominated habitats, i.e., streamside meadow and fens, with
NEE800 and Pg800 of up to −21 (uptake) and 28 mmol m−2 h−1, respectively. Vascular LAI was a robust predictor of both
NEE800 and Pg800 and, on a landscape scale, the fens were
disproportionately important for the summertime CO2 sequestration. Dry
tundra, including the dwarf-shrub and lichen tundra, had smaller CO2
exchange rates. The fens were the largest source of CH4, while the dry
mineral soil tundra consumed atmospheric CH4, which on a landscape
scale amounted to −9 % of the total CH4 balance during the growing
season. The largest seasonal mean CH4 consumption rate of 0.02 mmol m−2 h−1 occurred in sand- and stone-covered barren areas. The high
consumption rate agrees with the estimate based on the eddy covariance
measurements at the same site. We acknowledge the uncertainty involved in
spatial extrapolations due to a small number of replicates per land cover
type. This study highlights the need to distinguish different land cover
types including the dry tundra habitats to account for their different
CO2 and CH4 flux patterns, especially the consumption of
atmospheric CH4, when estimating tundra C exchange on a larger spatial
scale.
Controls on the relative abundances and rates of nitrifying microorganisms in the ocean
Authors: Zakem Emily J. , Bayer Barbara , Qin Wei , Santoro Alyson , Zhang Yao , Levine Naomi M.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Nitrification controls the oxidation state of bioavailable nitrogen. Distinct clades of chemoautotrophic microorganisms – predominantly, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) – regulate the two steps of nitrification in the ocean, but explanations for their observed relative abundances and nitrification rates remain incomplete, and their contributions to the global marine carbon cycle via carbon fixation remain unresolved. Using a mechanistic microbial ecosystem model with nitrifying functional types, we derive simple expressions for the controls on AOA and NOB in the deep, oxygenated open ocean. The relative yields, loss rates, and cell quotas of AOA and NOB control their relative abundances, though we do not need to invoke a difference in loss rates to explain the observed relative abundances. The supply of ammonium, not the traits of AOA or NOB, controls the relatively equal ammonia- and nitrite-oxidation rates at steady state. The relative yields of AOA and NOB alone set their relative bulk carbon fixation rates in the water column. The quantitative relationships are consistent with multiple in situ datasets. In a complex global ecosystem model, nitrification emerges dynamically across diverse ocean environments, and ammonia and nitrite oxidation and their associated carbon fixation rates are decoupled due to physical transport and complex ecological interactions in some environments. Nevertheless, the simple expressions capture global patterns to first order. The model provides a mechanistically estimated upper bound on global chemoautotrophic carbon fixation of 0.2–0.5 Pg C yr-1, which is on the low end of the wide range of previous estimates. Modeled carbon fixation by NOB (about 0.1 Pg C yr-1) is substantially lower than by AOA (0.2–0.3 Pg C yr-1), predominantly reflecting the relative yields. The simple expressions derived here can be used to quantify the biogeochemical impacts of additional metabolic pathways (i.e. mixotrophy) of nitrifying clades and to identify alternative carbon-fixing metabolisms in the deep ocean.
Impacts of urbanization on air quality and related health risks in a city with complex terrain
Authors: Zhan Chenchao , Xie Min , Lu Hua , Liu Bojun , Wu Zheng , Wang Tijian , Zhuang Bingliang , Li Mengmeng , Li Shu
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Urbanization affects air pollutants by urban expansion and emission growth, and thereby inevitably changes health risks of air pollutants. However, the health risks related to urbanization are rarely estimated, especially for cities with complex terrain. In this study, a highly urbanized city with severe air pollution and complex terrain (Chengdu) is selected to explore this issue. The effects of urban expansion are further compared with emission growth as air quality management is mainly to regulate emissions. Air pollution in Chengdu is mainly caused by PM2.5 and O3. PM2.5 pollution tends to appear in cold months (November to February) due to the secondary circulation forced by complex terrain and the frequent temperature inversion, while O3 pollution is likely to occur in warm months (April to August) because of high temperature and strong sunlight dominated by high-pressure systems. From 2015 to 2021, the annual total premature mortalities from all non-accidental causes (ANAC) attributed to PM2.5 and O3 exposure are 9386 and 7743, respectively. Based on the characteristics of PM2.5 and O3, six numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the impacts of urban expansion and emission growth on health risks. The results show that urban expansion causes an increase in air temperature and the boundary layer height, which is conducive to the diffusion of PM2.5. Thus, surface PM2.5 concentrations decrease by 11.7 μg m-3 in January. However, the MDA8 O3 concentrations increase by 10.6 μg m-3 in July due to the stronger photochemical production and better vertical mixing during the daytime. Correspondingly, the total premature mortalities from ANAC attributed to PM2.5 exposure decrease by 182 (6.9 %) in January, but those attributed to O3 exposure increase by 203 (9.5 %) in July. As for the effects of emission growth, PM2.5 and MDA8 O3 concentrations can increase by 26.6 μg m-3 and 4.8 μg m-3 when anthropogenic emissions are taken into account. The total premature mortalities from ANAC attributed to PM2.5 and O3 exposure then increase by 424 (16.0 %) and 87 (4.1 %), respectively. The effect of urban expansion on health risks of PM2.5 is about half that of anthropogenic emissions. Whereas the effect of urban expansion on health risks of O3 can be 2.3 times that of anthropogenic emissions. This reminds us that the development of cities is also important for the urban air quality apart from the emissions reduction.
Subglacial lake activity beneath the ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Fan Yubin , Ke Chang-Qing , Shen Xiaoyi , Xiao Yao , Livingstone Stephen J. , Sole Andrew J.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Hydrologically active subglacial lakes can drain large volumes of water and sediment along subglacial pathways, affecting the motion and mass balance of ice masses, and impacting downstream sediment dynamics. Only seven active lakes have been reported beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) to date, and thus a systematic understanding of their spatial distribution and dynamic processes is still lacking. Here, using the ICESat-2 ATL11 data, we identified 61 active subglacial lakes, 59 of which have not been previously reported. The identification of active subglacial lakes beneath the GrIS is complicated by the occurrence of supraglacial lakes, which also fill and drain, and are hypothesized to be almost co-located. However, the ability of ICESat-2 to penetrate through shallow surface water allowed us to correct the elevation provided by the ATL11 data. A significant localized elevation anomaly was still measured in all detected subglacial lakes after correction, revealing that 18 subglacial lakes are twinned with supraglacial lakes. The active subglacial lakes have large upstream hydrological catchments and are located near or below the equilibrium line. These observations suggest that active subglacial lakes are widespread components of the subglacial drainage system and provide critical information for understanding their activity.
EDITORIAL: RESEARCH ON DATA SCIENCE EDUCATION
Authors: BIEHLER ROLF , DE VEAUX RICHARD , ENGEL JOACHIM , KAZAK SIBEL , FRISCHEMEIER DANIEL
Published: July 2022

A very warm welcome to this Special Issue of the Statistics Education Research Journal (SERJ) on data science education. Our hope is to give an overview of selected theoretical thoughts and empirical studies on data science education from a statistics education research perspective. Data science education is rapidly developing but research into data science education is still in its infancy. The current issue presents a snapshot of this developing field.