bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sygeplejerskemangel i Danmark? - eller Cost Containment and Professional Powers
Authors: Nørgaard Andresen Jakob
Published: March 2020

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Mindretallsregjeringer, investitur og mistillitsordninger i europeisk perspektiv
Authors: Rasch Bjørn Erik
Published: March 2020

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La comunicación social de los nuevos canales audiovisuales en Internet: WebTv
Authors: Victoria Mas Juan Salvador , Arjona Martín José Borja
Published: March 2020

El presente estudio se centra en el fenómeno WebTV de las televisiones en Internet. Por motivos empresariales, tecnológicos y comunicacionales, la revolución inversa, quizá más radical (Internet desde la pantalla de TV), está todavía pendiente. Mientras esta se produce, nuestro objeto de estudio aparece ya plenamente generalizado y en gran medida marcará las pautas de esta convergencia fundamental.En este contexto, nuestra investigación pretende, en primer lugar, el análisis conceptual y la determinación de todas las propuestas (y de sus formatos) que tendrían que ver con la incorporación de la televisión a la Red; en segundo lugar, a partir del diseño de una muestra, desarrollamos la descripción y tipología de éstas
Etnografía de una música envolvente
Authors: Gértrudix Barrio Felipe , Gértrudix Barrio Manuel
Published: March 2020

La sensación sonora nos envuelve; percibimos el sonido de forma integral, ubicua, multidireccional y continua; el sistema auditivo es nuestro guardián porque incluso cuando descansamos, está alerta. Durante muchos años, los sistemas de grabación y reproducción sonora han limitado el carácter tradicionalmente envolvente de la música al condicionar su registro y escucha a un ámbito espacial estrecho: inicialmente en mono, y posteriormente en un formato estéreo que trataba de emular, de forma torpe aunque socializada, la riqueza expresiva de la percepción musical en vivo.Con la aparición de los sistemas multicanal, y las experiencias en el campo del sonido envolvente, estamos asistiendo al nacimiento de una nueva forma de aproximarse a esta riqueza y, con ello, está tomando cuerpo un ideario técnico que, como se analiza en este artículo, ha estado presente siempre en la tradición creativa de la composición musical.
Interfaces habladas
Authors: Soto Sanfiel María Teresa
Published: March 2020

Este artículo describe y piensa al fenómeno de las Interfaces habladas (IH) desde variados puntos de vista y niveles de análisis. El texto se ha concebido con los objetivos específicos de: 1.- procurar una visión panorámica de aspectos de la producción y consumo comunicativo de las IH; 2.- ofrecer recomendaciones para su creación y uso eficaz, y 3.- llamar la atención sobre su proliferación e inspirar su estudio desde la comunicación. A pesar de la creciente presencia de las IF en nues-tras vidas cotidianas, hay ausencia de textos que las caractericen y analicen por sus aspectos comunicativos. El trabajo es pertinente porque el fenómeno significa un cambio respecto a estadios comunica-tivos precedentes con consecuencias en las concepciones intelectuales y emocionales de los usuarios. La proliferación de IH nos abre a nue-vas realidades comunicativas: hablamos con máquinas.
Penalty of the Prison in the Republic of Srpska With Special Review at its Application in Practice of the District Court in Banja Luka // Kazna zatvora u Republici Srpskoj s posebnim osvrtom na njenu primjenu u praksi Okružnog suda u Banjoj Luci
Authors: Mitrović Ljubinko
Published: March 2020

Penalties for all modern criminal legislation are particularly regarded as fines for deprivation of liberty of various modalities - imprisonment, long-term imprisonment, juvenile imprisonment or life imprisonment. These are very often applied, special penalties that consist of depriving the perpetrator of the freedom of movement for the perpetrator of a criminal offense in a court decision for a certain time and its placement in a special institution or penitentiary institution from the system of these institutions of a particular state. Similarly with Republika Srpska, whose latest criminal legislation (primarily the Criminal Code of the Republic of Srpska of 2017) provides for two separate fines for deprivation of liberty - imprisonment and long-term imprisonment. It is precisely these two special, independent penalties and their application, with fines, in the practice of the District Court in Banja Luka (or its departments: the Criminal-Misdemeanor and the Special Department for the Suppression of Corruption, the Organized and the Toughest Forms of Economic Crime) there will be words in this paper.
Constitutional and Administrative Law Models for the Public Holidays’ Regulation in Multicultural States // Ustavnopravni i upravnopravni modeli uređivanja javnih praznika u multikulturnim državama
Authors: Đurić Vladimir , Vranješ Nevenko
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the authors, inspired by the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, analyse public holidays in states where multiculturalism has an impact on the complex state structure and on the form of political order. A particular focus is on holidays that are in function of nation-building through the commemoration of the events that are important for the founding of the state and / or the respective political-territorial unit and / or are of the historic importance to the majority, specifically the main ethnic group in the state and / or in the relevant political-territorial unit and on the issues of non-discrimination and the protection of group rights and multiculturalism. The conclusion is that such holidays, even when they have a completely opposite historical connotation, are not considered to be discriminatory.
Electronic Taxable Person – The Last Stage of Evolution of Taxpayer’s Personality? // Elektronska oporeziva osoba – posljednja etapa evolucije personalnosti poreskog obveznika?
Authors: Antić Dinka
Published: March 2020

A taxpayer is a person who is required by law to pay the tax. Historically, a taxpayer has been a physical entity since the appearance of tax, before the new era, by the end of 19th century, when the appearance of corporations led to the spread of the term of taxpayer to legal entities. The development of modern concepts of taxation resulted in the acceptance of a group of personally connected individuals with the taxpayer of income tax, and later groups of legal entities with a single taxpayer of VAT and income tax. The development of digitization, telecommunications and robotics has recently stirred up a debate on a new category of taxpayers – robots and a new concept of electronic tax capacity. The essence of the idea is the standpoint of the tax neutrality, that is, the equal tax treatment of work, regardless of whether the work is performed by a man or a robot. The new work taxation concept should, on the one hand, eliminate the current tax discrimination of labor-intensive companies in relation to automated companies, and, on the other hand, replace the lost revenues from taxation of man’s work. Acceptance of the concept of electronic tax capacity and personalization of robots for tax purposes basically results in a thorough redefinition of the basic postulates of taxation theory.
Rights of Insurance Holders to the Compensation Damage in Bosnia and Herzegovina // Pravo nosilaca osiguranja na naknadu štete u Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Lukić Slavica , Demirović Sunita
Published: March 2020

The importance of the pension system in a society requires finding an optimal legal solution tailored to the needs, possibilities, and new changes in that system and society in general. Transition processes that Bosnia and Herzegovina has to adapt to in all spheres of life, the specificity of state regulation, the entity autonomy in the field of pension insurance, during one period the lack of a model for creating or reforming their own model of the pension system is the cause of slow reforms in this area . Thus, the Law on Pension and Disability Insurance of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was passed in 1998., applied for 20 years, despite its many shortcomings and overcrowding. This particularly refers to the fact that this Law did not provide protection to the Pension Fund of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the insurance carrier in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in terms of the right to compensation for damages that should have been exercised in court proceedings under general regulations, i.e. the Law on Obligations, and the case law did not “allow” it. Due to the lack of norms that would prescribe these rights, has caused the Pension Fund of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina over the course of the last 20 years unbelievable damage. This situation lasted until the adoption of the new Law on Pension and Disability Insurance Fund of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (New Law on Pension and Disability Insurance Fund of BiH), which came to power on March 1, 2018. Finally, this law prescribes the right of the insurance carrier to compensation of damages.
Safety Aspects in Shared Medical it Environment
Authors: Dugonjić Igor , Travar Mihajlo , Bajić Gordan
Published: March 2020

Regional PACS and other shared medical systems are primary intended for sharing medical images. In these systems, the number of users is significantly increased in relation to local systems, and the fact is that the public network is very frequently used for data transfer. As medical data are very sensitive, such situation creates considerable risk regarding privacy, integrity and right to access to these data. This paper includes the most frequent risks and methods to solve these issues as well as recommendations for safe use of cloud computing systems in order to implement these systems.
Knowledge and attitudes of high school students on sexually transmitted diseases // Znanja i stavovi srednjoškolaca o polno prenosivim bolestima
Authors: Živanović Srđan , Bečanović Snežana , Džoganović Jelena , Šupić Veselinka , Bogdanović Gorica
Published: March 2020

Introduction A fully portable infection is a public-health problem of great importance in most of the world. Infections that are transmitted by sexual contact make up a large group of diseases caused by various microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and protozoa. The most common sexually transmitted infections (PPIs) are: chlamydia, gonorrhea, Hepatitis B, AIDS, HPV infections, and others.Method The conducted research is a type of cross section study. In December of the month, 113 students of Foča SSC were interviewed from the first to the fourth year. The survey used an anonymous character questionnaire.Results 35.4% of respondents were sexually active. Young men are sexually considerably more active than girls (χ2 = 30,447; p = 0,000). The majority of sexually active students stated that the first sexual intercourse was at the age of 15 (10.6%). Men and girls have diametrically opposite attitudes to the age in which they consider optimal time to start sexual activity (χ2 = 20,252; p = 0,000). Students in the third and fourth grade have a significantly higher level of knowledge than students of the first and second (χ2 = 31,791; p = 0,000). Most students would continue to associate with a person who knows that she has one of sexually transmitted diseases (64.6%).Conclusion The results of this paper show that the sexual activity of the adolescents examined is not a mass phenomenon, but that the knowledge of pupils of the first and second grades is insufficient, and that there is a need for education of this target group, considering the importance of preserving the reproductive health of adolescents, which are the future of preserving the population.
HAS-BLED scor system for the assessment of risk of breathing of patients on oral anticoagulant therapy // HAS-BLED skor sistem bodovanja za procjenu rizika od krvarenja pacijenata na oralnoj antikoagulantnoj terapiji
Authors: Dobrovoljski Daniela
Published: March 2020

Oral anticoagulant drugs (OALs) are effective agents in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic complications. However, despite standardization and application progression, OALs represent a significant clinical problem because they are small-therapeutic medicines that easily interact with food and medicine, which can substantially affect the increased or weakened therapeutic effect. Oral anticoagulants are 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives and vitamin K antagonists, and their pharmacological activity is based on inhibition of the synthesis of coagulation factors in the liver. These drugs are effective in the prevention of venous thromboembolism, acute myocardial infarction (AIM), heart rhythm disorders by type of atrial fibrillation, stroke prevention, and the like. The most important and clinically commonly undesirable effect of OAL is bleeding. The risk of bleeding is greatest during the introduction of the drug in therapy and for the first few months of the onset of therapy. HAS-BLED scor is a skoring system developed to estimate the 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation and is also used for other indications.
Quality of Life Assessment in Alcohol Dependent Patients // Procena kvaliteta života kod zavisnika od alkohola
Authors: Todorović Slobodanka
Published: March 2020

Alcohol addiction is an illness, health and social problem which appears as a result of a regular and uncontroled consumation of alcoholic drinks on a level on which the addict does harm to his or her health, to inner peace and to the wellbeing of the environment in which he or she lives and works. The quality of life represents the one’s awarenes about his or her own position in terms of culture and a system of value in which the one lives. It also represents one’s relations to his or her own goals, expectations, standards and problems. The aim of this research is to state the level of satisfaction with one’s life on behalf of the treated alcohol addicts in relation to global population in domains as they fallow: Professional and financial functioning, Social functioning, Emotional functioning and functioning inside of a family and Health state. The survey was conducted in March 2015, according to the type of cross section study, among alcohol addicts who are being treated at the Special Hospital for Psychiatric Diseases “Dr Slavoljub Bakalović” in Vršac, while the control group consisted of employees of Zannini East doo in Vršcu. In the end, the sample consisted of 50 alcohol addicts who were examined within the judicial group and 50 employees who were examined within the control group. The data were collected by an anonymous questionnaire, which the respondents were self-completing.The results show that alcohol addicts are generally less satisfied with their lives compared to the general population. They are considerably less satisfied with their social, professional and financial functioning, as well as emotional and family functioning, as well as health status. The average length of drinking is 21.48 years; while the number of previous treatments is 3.48 times on average. Alcohol addicts are equally dissatisfied with the quality of life regardless of the length of their drinking.
Epidemiology cancer of the cervix, uterine body and ovary in Republic of Srpska // Epidemiloška situacija raka grlića materice, tijela materice i jajnika u Republici Srpskoj
Authors: Antonić Darijana
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Cancer of the cervix, uterine body and ovary together with cancer of the breast account more the 1/3 female’s cancer cases in the Republic of Srpska. Cancer of the cervix, uterine body and ovary are responsible for 13.82% cancer death females, and the leading cause of cancer death females is cancer of the ovary (5.62%). Sources and methods: Mediana age diagnosed new cases of the cervix cancer is 47 years and uterin body and ovary the median age is in sixties. Relationship beetwen age-standardized rate prevalence (world) and age-standardized rate incidence cancer of the cervix, uterin body and ovary and confirm that high rate of incidence determines high rate of prevalence, this correlation is positive and relationship statistical significant (p<0.01). Relative five years survival rates of the cervix and uterin body cancer are over 80% and cancer of the ovary have almost 2.5 times lower relative five years survival rate.
Physical Activity and Sexual Health in Men
Authors: Leško Luka , Barić Renata , Ivanko Anamaria
Published: March 2020

The primary aim of the study was to examine the correlation between the physical activity level and three factors of sexual health in men (sexual desire, sexual function and sexual satisfaction). The sample consisted of 509 male students aged 18 to 30 (M=19.70; SD=1.38). The results suggest a significantly better erectile function and sexual satisfaction in sufficiently physically active compared to insufficiently physically active men, while no significance was found in sexual desire and premature ejaculation. The findings indicate that the level of physical activity is positively related to sexual health factors, regardless of whether the dominant aerobic or anaerobic type of physical activity is practiced. Men with higher number of exercise hours on weekly basis have higher sexual desire and better erectile function. Men who are more satisfied with their own body image, have better erectile function. Although previous studies point to positive correlation between physical activity and sexual health in older age groups, this study points to better sexual health of physically active men already in the student age.
Participating in Kinesiology Activities in Primaryeducation Students’ Free Time
Authors: Roca Leona , Badrić Marko
Published: March 2020

The objective of the research was to investigate to what extent students of first and second grades of primary school participate in physical activities in their free time. We are living in the age of sedentary lifestyle, which is becoming a problem of public health. 189 respondents took part in this research of which 93 girls and 96 boys aged 7 to 9. To assess the level of students’ activity in their free time, a poll was used consisting of eight questions from the questionnaire “Fels physical activity questionnaire for children” (FPAQ). Based on queries from the questionnaire, indices were calculated from the area of sports (IS), free time (ISV; household chores (IKP) and total physical activity result (UTA). To assess body composition, anthropometric measures of height, mass, BMI and percentage of fat in the body were used. To assess those, we used the device for measuring physical composition– Omron BF500 Body Composition Monitor. Results indicate that 59.26% do not meet daily recommendations for participating in physical activities. As regards the difference in students’ age, it is notable that second grade students are somewhat more physically active. Observing average results, it is clear that students were most physically active in their free time. The lowest values were recorded in the area of sports at school, (1.15), yet lower values were also obtained from sports club activities (2.06). It is evident that students of that age are minimally active during their PE classes and this is a segment where the number of physically active students can be increased. Increasing physical activity at school shall encourage students to participate in physical activity outside educational institutions.
Reforma visokog obrazovanja u Republici Srpskoj, nužnost, koncept i ograničenja
Authors: Stanić Milenko , Stanić Tamara
Published: March 2020

Reforma kompletnog sistema obrazovanja je postalaregionalnih trend, prisutna u svim zemljama ZapadnogBalkana o kojoj se dosta govori i piše. U ovom radu smo sekoncentrisali na reformu visokog obrazovanja koja sezagovara i provodi u Republici Srpskoj (RS).Ovaj proces je, uRS, prisutan u dužem vremenskom periodu, ali se u ovojgodini sistemski uobličava i intenzivira.Ovdje je riječ o procesu koji će trajati. Sadržaj ključnihdokumenata u procesu reforme visokog obrazovanja nijeizrađen niti dostupan javnosti. U tom smislu, kod koncipiranjasadržaja reforme, mi ćemo se koristiti metodom analize izjavaresornog Ministra i članova Vlade po ovom pitanju.Analiziraćemo tekstove objavljene u dnevnoj štampi i na tvportalima. Cilj ovog rada je procjena osnovnih smjerovareforme u visokom obrazovanju RS, kao i idetifikovanjefaktora koji će taj proces zaustavljati i ograničavati.
Uloge formalnog i neformalnog obrazovanja na učenje i usvajanje jezika
Authors: Drinić Igor , Petričević Vedran
Published: March 2020

Razlike i sinergija između učenja i usvanja jezika.Učenje kao voljan proces, isplaniran i navođen u obrazovniminstitucijama, i usvajanje kao pasivni proces, spontan ili takođeisplaniran, i neophodnost njihovog međusobno dopunjavanja usvrhu cjelokupnog i fluentnog poznavanja jezika. Uticaji nausvajanje jezika: izloženost jeziku, čitanje i slušanje zaraduživanja, njihove pozitivne i potencijalno negativne strane nausvajanje „književnog“ jezika.Razlike, komplementarnost i mogućna nezavisnost formalnog ineformalnog obrazovanja. Pojam formalnog obrazovanjaprvobitno kao vid organizovanog učenja koji prati određen plan iprogram, i odvija se u obrazovnim institucijama, podrazumjevaučenje na časovima, predavanjima i kursevima. Pojamneformalnog učenja podrazumjeva svako učenje mimoobrazovnih institucija, i dešava se često kao dopuna formalnomučenju. ili kao individualizovani vid učenja, mimostandardizovanog i jednoobraznog plana i programa. Kaopodvrsta neformalnog obrazovanja javlja se i informalni vidobrazovanja, koji se često kolokvijalno naziva „životna škola“.
The place and role of intellectual property in education
Authors: Spalević Žaklina , Ilić Miloš , Đunić Miloš
Published: March 2020

Modern times place great emphasis on workscreated as a product of the intellectual work of individuals orgroups. At the same time, there is an increasing abuse of bothintellectual property rights and the degree of protection thatintellectual property offers. The educational process as well asthe scientific research work which is an integral part of theeducational process in many cases form the basis for theemergence of new intellectual works. The acts thus createdremain in most cases the intellectual property of the educationalinstitutions within which they were created. The degree ofprotection introduced in this way is also a restriction for thepeople who worked to develop the work in question. It is for thesereasons that the aim of this paper is to look at the position ofintellectual property created in the education system, as well asthe advantages and disadvantages of such works.
Obrazovanje kao uslov razvoja turizma
Authors: Vujić Tatjana
Published: March 2020

Obrazovanje svih nivoa zaposlenih sve više postaje resurs koji utiče nakonkurentno poslovanje svake nacionalne ekonomije. Turizam, kao jedna odnajprofitabilnijih i najvećih industrija u svetu, ima ekspilicitan uticaj namakroekonomske agregate i povećava makroekonomsku stabilnost nacionalneekonomije, uz istovremeno ubrzanje lokalnog i regionalnog razvoja i porastzaposlenosti. Reč je o delatnosti koju karakteriše brz razvoj i primenainovativnih rešenja, te se sa pravom očekuje da ljudski resursi u turizmuposeduju odgovarajuće formalno obrazovanje odgovarajuće struke, kao i da sekonstantno stručno usavršavaju. Sve češće se nameće tvrdnja da za uspehsavremenog turističkog preduzeća (time i turističke destinacije) nije presudankapital, već nivo obrazovanja i znanja zaposlenih. Uporedo sa razvojemturizma, razvijaju se i kadrovi koji svoje životno i radno opredeljenje vezujuza ovu granu privrede. Paralelno, razvojnu evoluciju doživljavaju i obrazovneinstitucije koje školuju visokostručan i specijalizovan kadar iz oblasti turizma.U ovom radu želi se ukazati na značaj formalnog obrazovanja kadrova uturističkoj delatnosti, kao i značaj njihove permanentne obuke i treninga ucilju podizanja na viši nivo profesionalnosti. Poseban osvrt pružen je naznačaj obrazovanja u turizmu Republike Srpske.
Tumačenje romana T. Morison Voljena iz ugla tri kritičara: Vilijam L. Endruz, Neli Y. Mekkej i Karl Plaza
Authors: Simić Danijela
Published: March 2020

U ovom radu je prezentovano kako književnost, a presvega roman Voljena, ima uticaj na socio-psihološki razvojmladih. Cilj ovog rada bio je da predstavi kako su kritičari: NeliY. Mekkej, Vilijam L Endruz i Karl Plaza tumačili roman ToniMorison Voljena. Voljena je roman koji je smešten u dobaRekonstrukcije, prvo poglavlje počinje 1873.godinom, osamgodina nakon gradjanskog rata. Roman nije napisan hronološki,već se sastoji iz serije flešbekova, a glavne teme romana su:sećanje, majčinstvo, čedomorstvo, zajednica, ropstvo, rasizam isloboda.Pored Plaze i njegovog kritičkog aspekta, rad se bavio ikritikama Neli i Vilijama, koji su objavili sedam eseja na temuVoljena u svojoj zbirci kritika. Trudili su se da uvrste što višerazličitih mišljenja, iako su izvesna ponavljanja bila neizbežna.Rezultati rada su pokazali da su sva tri kritičara uspela urasvetljavanju često postavljenih pitanja vezanih za roman, kao ilakšem razumevanju ovog kompleksnog dela, pogotovo kada je upitanju tema ropstva, kao i njegov uticaj na socio-psihloškirazvoj mladih.
Teaching Open Science
Authors: Andreassen Helene N. , Lieungh Erik
Published: March 2020

In this episode, we are discussing how to teach open science to PhD students. Helene N. Andreassen, head of Library Teaching and Learning Support at the University Library of UiT the Arctic University of Norway shares her experiences with the integration of open science in a special, tailor-made course for PhD's that have just started their project. An interdisciplinary, discussion-based course, "Take Control of Your PhD Journey: From (P)reflection to Publishing" consists of a series of seminars on research data management, open access publishing and other subject matters pertaining to open science.

First published online February 26, 2020.
Banat donkey, a neglected donkey breed from the central Balkans (Serbia)
Authors: Stanisic Ljubodrag , Aleksić Jelena M. , Dimitrijevic Vladimir , Kovačević Branislav , Stevanovic Jevrosima , Stanimirovic Zoran
Published: March 2020

The dominant donkey breed in the Balkans is the mid-sized Balkan donkey with a grey to chocolate coat color. Local breeders from Serbia, however, still maintain a few larger individuals of a lighter coat color, named Banat donkey, and speculate that they are descendants of a Spanish donkey heard that had been transferred to the Banat region by the Hapsburg Queen Maria Theresa in the XVIII century for a specific purpose, to work in local vineyards. We have previously found a unique nuclear gene-pool and a prevalence of mitochondrial Clade 2 haplotypes in several such animals. In this study, we: (i) perform a comparative analysis of 18 morphological traits of the Banat donkey (seven individuals), Balkan donkey (53 individuals from two sub-populations of this breed) and the potential hybrids (eight individuals), and demonstrate the morphological distinctiveness of the Banat donkey, highlighting the diagnostic traits for distinguishing the breed: hip height, croup width, body length and chest depth; (ii) re-analyse published nuclear microsatellite data for these groups, and reveal that, although severely depopulated, the genetically distinct Banat donkey is not severely affected by the loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding; (iii) demonstrate that previously published Banat donkey mitochondrial haplotypes, analyzed genealogically together with those reported in ancient and modern individuals from Spain, Italy, Turkey, Cyprus and Africa, are shared with three Spanish breeds and individuals belonging to Amiata and some other Italian breeds. A unique morphological feature present in Banat and Somali wild donkeys, but also in Amiata donkeys, black stripes on legs, suggests that the origin of Clade 2 donkeys may be much more complex than previously thought. Actions to preserve the Banat donkey, a valuable but critically endangered genetic resource (<100 individuals), are urgent.
A pecuária leiteira e o desenvolvimento da Região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Lucca Emerson Juliano , Arend Silvio Cezar
Published: March 2020

Este artigo discute as transformações ocorridas na cadeia produtiva do leite, relacionadas à modernização, evidenciando uma aproximação das indústrias processadoras aos produtores de leite. Isto se deve aos efeitos da dinamização das atividades econômicas que, ao demandar modernização das técnicas de manejo, genética, ampliações de instalações, investimentos em tecnologia, gestão e novos instrumentos de trabalho, interligam os agentes pertencentes à cadeia produtiva do leite. Com o objetivo de discutir a relevância produtiva da pecuária leiteira, enfatizou-se a região Noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isso, fez-se pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a cadeia produtiva do leite, a diversificação produtiva das indústrias processadoras, a estrutura de processamento das indústrias e o volume de produção dos produtores de leite. Constatou-se que a nova dinâmica do setor tem motivado os agentes integrantes da atividade leiteira à adoção de novas técnicas, incluindo manejo, profissionalização e cuidados na gestão das propriedades, favorecendo avanços nos processos de produção e comercialização como estratégia de permanência na atividade.
Migração e trabalho: haitianos em Pato Branco-PR
Authors: Tonezer Cristiane , Boeno Ademir , Aldana Myriam
Published: March 2020

Estudos mostram que a migração de haitianos para o Brasil intensificou-se a partir de 2010. São diversas as causas que a explicam, destacando-se as catástrofes ambientais e a precária situação econômica e social do país. No caso específico do município de Pato Branco, no estado do Paraná, os primeiros haitianos chegaram em 2012, recrutados por empresas da construção civil, da agroindústria e da indústria metalúrgica. O presente estudo se debruça sobre o processo de inserção desses trabalhadores no mercado de trabalho do município, as condições laborais enfrentadas por eles e a possibilidade de ascensão social nesse contexto. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo, exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistados dez trabalhadores haitianos da cidade de Pato Branco e fez-se análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram descontentamento dos entrevistados com o salário recebido e a precarização do trabalho. Mesmo frente a este cenário, eles demonstram esperança em obter maior qualificação profissional e melhores empregos, além de expressarem o desejo de trazer pessoas de seus núcleos familiares do Haiti para Pato Branco.
АНТРОПНЫЙ ПРИНЦИП: "ПОСТУЛИРОВАТЬ НЕЛЬЗЯ ОБЪЯСНИТЬ?", "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Рубаков Валерий Анатольевич , ШТЕРН Борис Евгеньевич
Published: March 2020

В этой статье речь пойдет о хорошо известном понятии, имеющем отношение к самому факту нашего существования. Его особенность в том, что связанный с ним круг вопросов находится где-то между мировоззрением, философией и естественными науками. Начнем с того, что существуют как минимум два антропных принципа: сильный и слабый. Сильный антропный принцип обосновать, исходя из естественнонаучных представлений, трудно, если вообще возможно, поэтому подавляющее большинство, произнося слова “антропный принцип”, имеет в виду его слабый вариант. Тем не менее о сильном антропном принципе стоит сказать несколько слов.
Municipal Solid Waste Characterization and its Associated Vector-borne Diseases within the Vicinity of Dumpsite and Controlled Site
Authors: Nta S. A. , Ayotamuno M. J. , Igoni A. H. , Okparanma R. H. , Benjamin E.
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the composition of municipal solid waste in Uyo and vector-borne diseases associated with municipal solid waste within the vicinity of the dumping site (less than 1 km) and controlled site (above 1 km). The compositions of municipal solid waste were determined using samples obtained from Uyo village road waste dumping site. The dumpsite receives solid waste from all the communities in Uyo local government area. In order to assess the public perception of vector-borne diseases associated with municipal solid waste, sample survey method was adopted, which involved the administration of 500 questionnaires of which 250 were administered to the residents who lived less than 1 km from the boundary of the waste dumpsite and 250 questionnaires were also administered to the communities living further away. The compositions and percentages constituent by mass revealed the following: Organic waste component constitute 53.86% and inorganic constituted a waste portion of 46.14%. For vector-borne diseases associated with municipal solid waste, the results indicated that 70.8% of the respondents attended tertiary education (OND/NCE and above), so the issues associated with municipal solid waste may not be strange to them. A significant number of respondents are aware that the origin of municipal solid waste is residential, commercial, industrial, market, street sweeping and industrial sectors. Respondents are more aware that rats, flies, mosquitoes, birds, pigs and cockroaches are vector-borne diseases associated with municipal solid waste. The findings in this study will be useful in a comprehensive solid waste management program which encompasses sweeping, storage, collection and disposal of solid waste. However, the waste can be best treated if any of these techniques are utilized composting, gasification and energy recovery in future for further reduction of waste.
Diabetic Foot Ulceration in a Secondary Health Facility
Authors: Affi Ayuba , Mancha David , Stephen Pam , Ganiyu Amusa , Longwap S. A.
Published: March 2020

Aims: To determine the prevalence, pattern and presentation of the diabetic foot ulcer.

Background: A diabetic foot ulcer is a major complication in diabetes mellitus and probably the major component of diabetic foot. It occurs in 15% of all patients with diabetes and precedes 84% of all lower leg amputations.

Poverty, low economic status and ignorance have resulted in this devastating disease. It may worsen in the next decade.

There are multiple risk factors that predispose an individual to DM foot ulcer; they include age, gender(male), type of DM, glycaemic (HbA1c) or FBG level, duration of DM (>10yrs) occupational status particular habits of self-foot care and infection.

Patients and Methods: This consists of 69 diabetic patients; male and female included done between the months of January 2019 to March 2019.

A demographic data questionnaire and social history were obtained. Overnight fasting serum glucose was obtained. Serum glucose was determined by enzymatic glucose oxidase method.

Data obtained were subjected to Stata Version 11 Software to determine the graphical representation, mean, standard deviation of the analysis.

Results: Thirty-Five 35 were male and 34 were female had type 2 diabetes. Forty-Three 43 patients had foot ulcer, 21 patients had gangrene and 5 had infection. The number of patients with peak glucose values 10 mmol/L and least glucose at 20-25 mmol/L. Those of duration 4-6 years were the most affected the age group most affected is between 40-59 yrs.

Discussion and Conclusion: Risk factors for foot ulceration discovered among a host other factors identified in this study, were the infection, low socioeconomic status, improper footwear, poor glycaemic control, structural foot deformity and untreated gangrene.

The role of poor glycaemic control in the genesis of diabetic complications cannot be overemphasized as the mean FPG was noted to be considerably higher in patients with foot ulceration As part of a comprehensive foot care programme, education on foot care should be directed at patients, family members and healthcare providers.

Not less than 85% of all diabetic foot-related problems are preventable. This can be achieved through a combination of good care of foot, provided by an inter-professional diabetes care team, and appropriate education for people with diabetes.
Using Molecular Techniques for the Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Aleru Constancy Prisca , Wachukwu Kinikanwo Confidence
Published: March 2020

This study characterised Escherichia coli isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary using molecular techniques. One hundred and twenty (120) water samples were investigated for the presence of E. coli in Creek Road/Bonny Estuary. Most Probable Number (MPN) Technique, Eijkman test and molecular techniques were used for the isolation and detection of E. coli. The analysis was carried out periodically (morning and evening) and seasonally (end of rainy season (November), the start of rainy season (April) and in the middle of rainy season (July)). All E. coli isolates were screened for resistance genes in the pathotypes of E. coli (EHEC, EPEC, EAEC, ETEC and EIEC), including Sulfhydryl Variable (SHV), CTX-M, Temoniera (TEM) and MCR genes using the Polymerase chain reaction Technique. The results showed that 100% of the water samples were positive for coliforms and all the water samples harboured E. coli. The highest total coliforms count recorded was in the morning of April (48 MPN/100 ml). The distribution of individual genes in the E. coli isolates are: SHV (5.0), CTX-M (5.8), TEM (4.2), MCR (0.0%), stx1 and stx2 (4.2), esV and bfA (1.7), aaiC (4.2), elt (3.3) and invE (2.5). The CTX-M was the most found of all the resistance genes.
A Study on Improving Disaster Management Evaluation Based on the PUFA Meta Evaluation Model
Authors: Kim Young Hee , Kim Soo Jun , Lee Ji Ho
Published: March 2020

This study aims to examine the problems of the DME (Disaster Management Evaluation) System, which has been implemented since 2005, using meta evaluation; it also aims topropose improvements. For this purpose, the research model was built on the four standards (propriety, utility, feasibility, accuracy) presented in the PUFA meta evaluation model. Checklist items corresponding to the PUFA model sub-components were then selected, and questionnaires were created using a Likert-style5-point scale for disaster assessment evaluators, central departments, local governments, and public institutions. Some of the results of thePUFA sub-components were statistically significant and proved to be a useful meta-evaluation framework for assessing the DME level. For evaluation performance, DME can only be improved if policy efforts to ensure the expertise of the evaluation department, credibility of the evaluator, and justification for the evaluation results are continued. From an evaluation indicators perspective, there is need for improvement ofthe capability-performance multi-dimensional evaluation system so that it can take into account the unique enforcement functions and regional characteristics of the evaluation target organization.
A Study on Data Collection and Object Detection using Faster R-CNN for Application to Construction Site Safety
Authors: Kim Daeseong , Kong Jungsik , Lim Jaehoon , Sho Byungchoon
Published: March 2020

Among the industrial accidents occurring in Korea, the construction sector accounts for 28.55% of theaccidents associated with this high-risk sector. Although active progress is being made to reduce such industrial accidents, studies concerning the applications to construction site safety are currently insufficient. In this study, research is conducted on the development of a Korean data learning model using the latest in artificial intelligence algorithms, R-CNN, for the identification of safety protection equipmentworn by workers in the field. As a result of this study, the discriminant data learning model concerning the donning of a new Korean safety hard hat provided excellent results with a mean average precision of 0.82. This advancement is expected to reduce industrial accidents in the field of construction and improve safety.
Institutional Recommendations to Improve Follow-up Management Systems of Disaster Impact Assessment
Authors: Jang Kwangjin , Kwak Changjae
Published: March 2020

This study proposes an improvement plan of follow-up management systems to the current Disaster Impact Assessment System (DIAS), which has been insufficiently addressed in previous research, which is made especially clearthrough an analysis of results of the implementation status check over the last five years. Legal and institutional recommendations are as follows: 1) Providing adequate training on the management method of consultation comments to a project owner/superintendent of consultation content; 2) Strictly enforcing laws and regulations that were strengthened as of October 2018, especially regarding fines, and offering incentives for outstanding workplaces and people in charge of projects; and 3) Establishing legal grounds to clearly designate post-management director personnel for disaster reduction facilities after completion of construction. Recommendations in terms of operation and management are as follows: 1) Improving an action plan form; 2) Adding a maintenance register form to Form 2 of the Enforcement Rules; and 3) Supplying a manual for consultation content management to project operators. This study is meaningful in that it suggests an effective improvement plan by focusing on the follow-up management aspect of DIAS, which have not previously been discussed.
An Assessment Method for Evaluating Vulnerability to Regional Disasters and Its Application to Disaster due to Heavy Rain
Authors: Park Jaehyeok , Park Chanyoung , An Jaehyun , Yoon Hongsic
Published: March 2020

In disaster management, it is essential to evaluate how dangerous the disasters are and how vulnerable our communities are to them. The Region Safety Index and the Region Safety Levels provide information about the level of safety in a local area against disasters, but this information is not enough for use in disaster management. This study proposes a vulnerability assessment method that utilizes the concept of a vulnerability function to analyze disaster records, weather data, and statistical data using a GIS program. We identified regions vulnerable to heavy rain using vulnerability figures and analyzed time-series changes in region vulnerability. This vulnerability assessment provides specific information on disasters and can be used by disaster managers as empirical information for planning and implementing disaster management plans.
Determination of Lateral Resistance of Girder-sleeper Fastener for CWR on Ballastless Plate Girder Bridge
Authors: Lee Hyeoung-Deok , Song Jong-Keol , Moon Jiho
Published: March 2020

Recently, deteriorated ballastless railway bridges in South Korea have been modified by adding slabs and ballast to improve performance and extend their lifetime. However, this project has been delayed owing to a lack of budget, poor working conditions around the bridge, and the absence of traffic-blocking time. As an alternative, there is ongoing research on the direct installation of a continuous welded rail (CWR) to the bridge using an improved girder-sleeper fastener. To achieve this, the girder-sleeper fastener must have sufficient lateral resistance to prevent track buckling. In this study, to prevent track buckling, an appropriate lateral resistance for the girder-sleeper fastener was proposed by a series of parametric studies based on the additional axial stress of the rail on the bridge specified in the Korean design code. The parameters considered in this study were the span length, track radius, lateral displacement of the plate girder, and lateral resistance of the girder–sleeper fastener.
Doxxing
Authors: Eckert Stine , Metzger‐Riftkin Jade
Published: March 2020

Doxxing (or doxing) is a complex, gendered form of online harassment that breaches perceived privacy boundaries by releasing information through online mass media channels, resulting in physical and online consequences for a target. Doxxing often occurs in conjunction with other forms of online abuse and entangles online and physical environments in complicated and gendered ways that differ on a case‐by‐case basis. While both women and men experience doxxing, women are more likely to receive greater amounts of unwanted, vitriolic, and sexualized messages, to be the targets of cyber‐mobbing or brigading, revenge porn, nude leaked messages, and receive unwanted sexualized items. The design and use of technology has become an important focus for feminist scholars as studies have demonstrated that they facilitate online harassment such as doxxing through a problematic developing trend toward eliminating anonymity online.
A Photoclick Hydrogel for Enhanced Single‐Cell Immunoblotting
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Shanhe , Warden Antony R. , Ghalandari Behafarid , Li Hongxia , Zhi Xiao , Xie Haiyang , Ding Xianting
Published: March 2020

Advances in single‐cell immunoblotting assays, which facilitate the exploration of cell‐to‐cell variation that affects biological systems from cancer development to stem cell biology, have attracted much attention. A tetrazole‐functionalized photoclick hydrogel is reported for single‐cell proteomic analysis. The gel serves as a molecular sieving matrix for sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a protein immobilization scaffold for in‐gel immunoblotting. Upon a very short time (60 s) of long‐wavelength ultraviolet irradiation, it can effectively capture the electrophoretically separated proteins in the gel for the subsequent in situ antibody incubation. As a proof of concept, its performance is demonstrated in profiling cell‐to‐cell variations of P‐glycoprotein expression in GES‐1/MGC803 cell lines treated with different drugs. Combined with single‐cell immunoblotting method, employing this photoactive gel enables the monitoring simultaneously in ≈2000 individual cells of subtle protein expression level changes that may be concealed using conventional techniques. The proposed gel has the advantages of excellent electrophoretic separation ability, high protein photoimmobilization efficiency, low autofluorescence, and it can be used as a promising photoactive polyacrylamide gel for in‐gel/in situ capillary and microfluidic immunoblotting assays, especially for developing novel single cell immunoblotting methods.
Necroptosis‐Inducible Polymeric Nanobubbles for Enhanced Cancer Sonoimmunotherapy
Authors: Um Wooram , Ko Hyewon , You Dong Gil , Lim Seungho , Kwak Gijung , Shim Man Kyu , Yang Suah , Lee Jeongjin , Song Yeari , Kim Kwangmeyung , Park Jae Hyung
Published: March 2020

Necroptosis, caspase‐independent programmed necrosis, has emerged as a therapeutic target to make dying cancer cells stimulants for antitumor immune responses. The clinical translations exploiting necroptosis, however, have been limited since most cancer cells downregulate receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) as a key enzyme for necroptosis. Herein, nanobubbles (NBs) that can trigger RIPK3‐independent necroptosis, facilitating cell‐membrane rupture via the acoustic cavitation effect are reported. The NBs, imbibing perfluoropentane as the gas precursor, are prepared using an amphiphilic polymer conjugate, composed of PEGylated carboxymethyl dextran as the hydrophilic backbone and chlorin e6 as the hydrophobic sonosensitizer. When exposed to ultrasound, the NBs efficiently promote the release of biologically active damage‐associated molecular patterns by inducing burst‐mediated cell‐membrane disintegration. Consequently, the necroptosis‐inducible NBs significantly improve antitumor immunity by maturation of dendritic cells and activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the combination of NBs and immune checkpoint blockade leads to complete regression of the primary tumor and beneficial therapeutic activity against metastatic tumors in an RIPK3‐deficient CT26 tumor‐bearing mouse model. Overall, the innovative NB that causes immunogenic cell death of cancer via RIPK3‐independent necroptosis is a promising enhancer for cancer immunotherapy.