bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of negative cloud radiative forcing over the Indian subcontinent and adjacent oceans during the summer monsoon season
Authors: Thampi B. V. , Roca R.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Radiative properties of clouds over the Indian subcontinent and nearby oceanic regions (0–25° N, 60–100° E) during the Asian summer monsoon season (June–September) are investigated using the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) flux data. Using multiyear satellite data, the net cloud radiative forcing (NETCRF) at the TOA over the Indian region during the Asian monsoon season is examined. The seasonal mean NETCRF is found to be negative (with its magnitude exceeding ~30 Wm−2) over (1) the northern Bay of Bengal (close to the Myanmar–Thailand coast), (2) the Western Ghats and (3) the coastal regions of Myanmar. Such strong negative NETCRF values observed over the Indian monsoon region contradict the assumption that near cancellation between LWCRF and SWCRF is a generic property of all tropical convective regions. The seasonal mean cloud amount (high and upper middle) and corresponding cloud optical depth observed over the three regions show relatively large values compared to the rest of the Indian monsoon region. Using satellite-derived cloud data, a statistical cloud vertical model delineating the cloud cover and single-scattering albedo was developed for the three negative NETCRF regions. The shortwave (SW), longwave (LW) and net cloud radiative forcing over the three negative NETCRF regions are calculated using the rapid radiative transfer model (RRTM) with the cloud vertical model as input. The NETCRF estimated from CERES observations show good comparison with that computed using RRTM (within the uncertainty limit of CERES observations). Sensitivity tests are conducted using RRTM to identify the parameters that control the negative NETCRF observed over these regions during the summer monsoon season. Increase in atmospheric water vapor content during the summer monsoon season is found to influence the negative NETCRF values observed over the region.
Technical Note: Particulate reactive oxygen species concentrations and their association with environmental conditions in an urban, subtropical climate
Authors: Khurshid S. S. , Siegel J. A. , Kinney K. A.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Reactions between hydrocarbons and ozone or hydroxyl radicals lead to the formation of oxidized species, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the troposphere. ROS can be carried deep into the lungs by small aerodynamic particles where they can cause oxidative stress and cell damage. While environmental studies have focused on ROS in the gas phase and rainwater, it is also important to determine concentrations of ROS on respirable particles. Samples of PM2.5 collected over 3 h at midday on 40 days during November 2011 and September 2012 show that the particulate ROS concentration in Austin, Texas, ranged from a minimum value of 0.02 nmoles H2O2 m−3 air in December to 3.81 nmoles H2O2 m−3 air in September. Results from correlation tests and linear regression analysis on particulate ROS concentrations and environmental conditions (which included ozone and PM2.5 concentrations, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and solar radiation) indicate that ambient particulate ROS is significantly influenced by the ambient ozone concentration, temperature and incident solar radiation. Particulate ROS concentrations measured in this study were in the range reported by other studies in the US, Taiwan and Singapore. This study is one of the first to assess seasonal variations in particulate ROS concentrations and helps explain the influence of environmental conditions on particulate ROS concentrations.
Short vertical-wavelength inertia-gravity waves generated by a jet–front system at Arctic latitudes – VHF radar, radiosondes and numerical modelling
Authors: Réchou A. , Kirkwood S. , Arnault J. , Dalin P.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Inertia-gravity waves with very short vertical wavelength (λz≤1000 m) are a very common feature of the lowermost stratosphere as observed by the 52 MHz radar ESRAD (Esrange MST radar) in northern Scandinavia (67.88° N, 21.10° E). The waves are seen most clearly in radar-derived profiles of buoyancy frequency (N). Here, we present a case study of typical waves from 21 February to 22 February 2007. Good agreement between N2 derived from radiosondes and by radar shows the validity of the radar determination of N2. Large-amplitude wave signatures in N2 are clearly observed by the radar and the radiosondes in the lowermost stratosphere, from 9 km to 14–16 km height. Vertical profiles of horizontal wind components and potential temperature from the radiosondes show the same waves. Mesoscale simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are carried out to complement the analysis of the waves. Good agreement between the radar and radiosonde measurements and the model (except for the wave amplitude) shows that the model gives realistic results and that the waves are closely associated to the upper-level front in an upper-troposphere jet–front system. Hodographs of the wind fluctuations from the radiosondes and model data show that the waves propagate upward in the lower stratosphere confirming that the origin of the waves is in the troposphere. The observations and modelling all indicate vertical wavelengths of 700 ± 200 m. The radiosonde hodograms indicate horizontal wavelengths between 40 and 110 km and intrinsic periods between 6 and 9 h. The wave amplitudes indicated by the model are however an order of magnitude less than in the observations. Finally, we show that the profiles of N2 measured by the radar can be used to estimate wave amplitudes, horizontal wavelengths, intrinsic periods and momentum fluxes which are consistent with the estimates from the radiosondes.
Air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern US: 20 years of change
Authors: Sickles II J. E. , Shadwick D. S.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Data collected in the eastern US between 1990 and 2009 at 34 paired dry and wet monitoring sites are examined. A goal is to evaluate the air quality impacts occurring between 1990 and 2009 that are associated with concurrent legislatively-mandated changes in emissions. Four 5 year periods, 1990–1994 (P1), 1995–1999 (P2), 2000–2004 (P3), and 2005–2009 (P4) are considered, with a primary focus on P1-to-P4 changes. Results suggest that legislatively-mandated air pollution mitigation strategies have been successful in improving air quality and reducing atmospheric deposition in the eastern US. Respective P1-to-P4 reductions of estimated sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in the eastern US are 50 and 42%. Corresponding behavior of the following metrics associated with these emissions reductions are examined: monitored atmospheric concentrations of SO2, aerosol sulfate (SO4), and oxidized sulfur (S); dry, wet, and total deposition of S; monitored atmospheric concentrations of nitric acid (HNO3), aerosol nitrate (NO3), and their sum, oxidized nitrogen (OxN); dry, wet, and total deposition of OxN; monitored atmospheric concentration of aerosol ammonium (NH4); dry, wet, and total deposition of NH4; summed monitored atmospheric concentration of oxidized and reduced nitrogen (N); dry, wet, and total deposition of N; wet deposition of hydrogen ion (H+); monitored atmospheric concentration of ozone (O3); dry deposition of O3; and the summed monitored atmospheric concentration of aerosol NO3, SO4, and NH4 (CASTNET PM). Other metrics (e.g., ratios of dry to total deposition) are also considered. Selected period-to-period changes of air quality and deposition metrics at site, regional, and seasonal scales are discussed. As an example, despite P1-to-P3 reductions in estimated emissions of both SO2 and NOx, aerosol NO3 concentration increased in the east, with widespread wintertime numerical increases in both aerosol NO3 concentration and CASTNET PM. However, a reversal of this behavior is associated with continuing P3-to-P4 reductions of SO2 and NOx emissions. Thus, additional P3-to-P4 reductions of these emissions, especially NOx, appear to have made progress in altering the chemical regime of the wintertime eastern US atmosphere so that future emissions reductions and their resulting reductions in aerosol concentrations may no longer be accompanied by sub-linear changes (or actual increases) in CASTNET PM.
The impact of polar stratospheric ozone loss on Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation and climate
Authors: Keeble J. , Braesicke P. , Abraham N. L. , Roscoe H. K. , Pyle J. A.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The impact of polar stratospheric ozone loss resulting from chlorine activation on polar stratospheric clouds is examined using a pair of model integrations run with the fully coupled chemistry climate model UM-UKCA. Suppressing chlorine activation through heterogeneous reactions is found to produce modelled ozone differences consistent with observed ozone differences between the present and pre-ozone hole period. Statistically significant high latitude Southern Hemisphere (SH) ozone loss begins in August and peaks in October-November, with >75% of ozone destroyed at 50 hPa. Associated with this ozone destruction is a >12 K decrease of the lower polar stratospheric temperatures and an increase of >6 K in the upper stratosphere. The heating components of this temperature change are diagnosed and it is found that the temperature dipole is the result of decreased shortwave heating in the lower stratosphere and increased dynamical heating in the upper stratosphere. The cooling of the polar lower stratosphere leads, through thermal wind balance, to an acceleration of the polar vortex and delays its breakdown by ~2 weeks. A link between lower stratospheric zonal wind speed, the vertical component of the EP flux, Fz, and the residual mean vertical circulation, w*, is identified. In December and January, increased westerly winds lead to increases in Fz, associated with an increase in tropopause height. The resulting increase in wavebreaking leads to enhanced downwelling/reduced upwelling over the polar cap. Many of the stratospheric signals modelled in this study propagate down to the troposphere, and lead to significant surface changes in December.
Airborne emission measurements of SO2 , NOx and particles from individual ships using a sniffer technique
Authors: Beecken J. , Mellqvist J. , Salo K. , Ekholm J. , Jalkanen J.-P.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. A dedicated system for airborne ship emission measurements of SO2, NOx and particles has been developed and used from several small aircraft. The system has been adapted for fast response measurements at 1 Hz, and the use of several of the instruments is unique. The uncertainty of the given data is about 20% for SO2 and 24% for NOx emission factors. The mean values with one standard deviation for multiple measurements of 158 ships measured from the air on the Baltic and North Sea during 2011 and 2012 show emission factors of 18.8 ± 6.5 g kg−1 fuel , 66.6 ± 23.4 g kg−1 fuel and 1.8 ± 1.3 1016 particles kg−1 fuel for SO2, NOx and particle number, respectively. The particle size distributions were measured for particle diameters between 15 and 560 nm. The mean sizes of the particles are between 45 and 54 nm dependent on the distance to the source, and the number size distribution is monomodal. Concerning the sulfur fuel content, around 85% of the monitored ships comply with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) limits. The reduction of the sulfur emission control area (SECA) limit from 1.5 to 1% in 2010 appears to have contributed to reduction of sulfur emissions that were measured in earlier studies from 2007 to 2009. The presented method can be implemented for regular ship compliance monitoring.
What is the benefit of ceilometers for aerosol remote sensing? An answer from EARLINET
Authors: Wiegner M. , Madonna F. , Binietoglou I. , Forkel R. , Gasteiger J. , Geiß A. , Pappalardo G. , Schäfer K. , Thomas W.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. With the establishment of ceilometer networks by national weather services, a discussion commenced to which extent these simple backscatter lidars can be used for aerosol research. Though primarily designed for the detection of clouds it was shown that at least observations of the vertical structure of the boundary layer might be possible. However, an assessment of the potential of ceilometers for the quantitative retrieval of aerosol properties is still missing. In this paper we discuss different retrieval methods to derive the aerosol backscatter coefficient βp, with special focus on the calibration of the ceilometers. Different options based on forward and backward integration methods are compared with respect to their accuracy and applicability. It is shown that advanced lidar systems such as those being operated in the framework of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) are excellent tools for the calibration, and thus βp retrievals based on forward integration can readily be implemented and used for real-time applications. Furthermore, we discuss uncertainties introduced by incomplete overlap, the unknown lidar ratio, and water vapor absorption. The latter is relevant for the very large number of ceilometers operating in the spectral range around λ = 905–910 nm. The accuracy of the retrieved βp mainly depends on the accuracy of the calibration and the long-term stability of the ceilometer. Under favorable conditions, a relative error of βp on the order of 10% seems feasible. In the case of water vapor absorption, corrections assuming a realistic water vapor distribution and laser spectrum are indispensable; otherwise errors on the order of 20% could occur. From case studies it is shown that ceilometers can be used for the reliable detection of elevated aerosol layers below 5 km, and can contribute to the validation of chemistry transport models, e.g., the height of the boundary layer. However, the exploitation of ceilometer measurements is still in its infancy, so more studies are urgently needed to consolidate the present state of knowledge, which is based on a limited number of case studies.
Effect of ions on the measurement of sulphuric acid in the CLOUD experiment at CERN
Authors: Rondo L. , Kürten A. , Ehrhart S. , Schobesberger S. , Franchin A. , Junninen H. , Petäjä T. , Sipilä M. , Worsnop D. R. , Curtius J.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Ternary aerosol nucleation experiments were conducted in the CLOUD chamber at CERN in order to investigate the influence of ions on new particle formation. Neutral and ion-induced nucleation experiments, i.e., with and without the presence of ions, were carried out under precisely controlled conditions. The sulphuric acid concentration was measured with a Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) during the new particle formation experiments. The added ternary trace gases were ammonia (NH3), dimethylamine (DMA, C2H7N) or oxidised products of pinanediol (PD, C10H18O2). When pinanediol was introduced into the chamber, an increase in the mass spectrometric signal used to determine the sulphuric acid concentration (m/z 97, i.e., HSO4−) was observed due to ions from the CLOUD chamber. The enhancement was only observed during ion-induced nucleation measurements by using either galactic cosmic rays (GCR) or the proton synchrotron (PS) pion beam for the ion generation, respectively. The ion effect typically involved an increase in the apparent sulphuric acid concentration by a factor of ~2 to 3 and was qualitatively verified by the ion measurements by an Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight (APi-TOF) mass spectrometer. By applying a high voltage (HV) clearing field inside the CLOUD chamber the ion effect on the CIMS measurement was completely eliminated since, under these conditions, small ions are swept from the chamber in about one second. In order to exclude the ion effect and to provide corrected sulphuric acid concentrations during the GCR and PS beam nucleation experiments, a parameterisation was derived that utilizes the trace gas concentrations and the UV light intensity as input parameters. Atmospheric sulphuric acid measurements with a CIMS showed an insignificant ion effect.
Characterizing coarse-resolution watershed soil moisture heterogeneity using fine-scale simulations
Authors: Riley W. J. , Shen C.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Watershed-scale hydrological and biogeochemical models are usually discretized at resolutions coarser than where significant heterogeneities in topography, abiotic factors (e.g., soil properties), and biotic (e.g., vegetation) factors exist. Here we report on a method to use fine-scale (220 m grid cells) hydrological model predictions to build reduced-order models of the statistical properties of near-surface soil moisture at coarse resolution (25 times coarser, ~7 km). We applied a watershed-scale hydrological model (PAWS-CLM4) that has been previously tested in several watersheds. Using these simulations, we developed simple, relatively accurate (R2 ~0.7–0.8), reduced-order models for the relationship between mean and higher-order moments of near-surface soil moisture during the nonfrozen periods over five years. When applied to transient predictions, soil moisture variance and skewness were relatively accurately predicted (R2 0.7–0.8), while the kurtosis was less accurately predicted (R2 ~0.5). We also tested 16 system attributes hypothesized to explain the negative relationship between soil moisture mean and variance toward the wetter end of the distribution and found that, in the model, 59% of the variance of this relationship can be explained by the elevation gradient convolved with mean evapotranspiration. We did not find significant relationships between the time rate of change of soil moisture variance and covariances between mean moisture and evapotranspiration, drainage, or soil properties, as has been reported in other modeling studies. As seen in previous observational studies, the predicted soil moisture skewness was predominantly positive and negative in drier and wetter regions, respectively. In individual coarse-resolution grid cells, the transition between positive and negative skewness occurred at a mean soil moisture of ~0.25–0.3. The type of numerical modeling experiments presented here can improve understanding of the causes of soil moisture heterogeneity across scales, and inform the types of observations required to more accurately represent what is often unresolved spatial heterogeneity in regional and global hydrological models.
An automated gas exchange tank for determining gas transfer velocities in natural seawater samples
Authors: Schneider-Zapp K. , Salter M. E. , Upstill-Goddard R. C.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. In order to advance understanding of the role of seawater surfactants in the air–sea exchange of climatically active trace gases via suppression of the gas transfer velocity (kw), we constructed a fully automated, closed air–water gas exchange tank and coupled analytical system. The system allows water-side turbulence in the tank to be precisely controlled with an electronically operated baffle. Two coupled gas chromatographs and an integral equilibrator, connected to the tank in a continuous gas-tight system, allow temporal changes in the partial pressures of SF6, CH4 and N2O to be measured simultaneously in the tank water and headspace at multiple turbulence settings, during a typical experimental run of 3.25 h. PC software developed by the authors controls all operations and data acquisition, enabling the optimisation of experimental conditions with high reproducibility. The use of three gases allows three independent estimates of kw for each turbulence setting; these values are subsequently normalised to a constant Schmidt number for direct comparison. The normalised kw estimates show close agreement. Repeated experiments with Milli-Q water demonstrate a typical measurement accuracy of 4% for kw. Experiments with natural seawater show that the system clearly resolves the effects on kw of spatial and temporal trends in natural surfactant activity. The system is an effective tool with which to probe the relationships between kw, surfactant activity and biogeochemical indices of primary productivity, and should assist in providing valuable new insights into the air–sea gas exchange process.
The Meaning of “Force” and the Boundaries of theJus ad Bellum: Are “Minimal” Uses of Force Excluded from UN Charter Article 2(4)?
Authors: Ruys Tom
Published: July 2014

Are there forcible acts that, because of their small scale or confined purposes, are not covered by the prohibition of the use of force in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter? The argument that there exists a “gravity threshold,” below which the prohibition of the use of force is inapplicable, appears to be gaining ground in legal doctrine. In a similar vein, the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Conflict in Georgia stated in its report that the “prohibition of the use of force covers all physical force which surpasses a minimum threshold of intensity” and that “[o]nly very small incidents lie below this threshold, for instance the targeted killing of single individuals, forcible abductions of individual persons, or the interception of a single aircraft.” Other types of acts that have sometimes been characterized as insufficiently “grave” include operations aimed at rescuing nationals abroad, “hot pursuit” operations, small-scale counterterrorist operations abroad, and localized hostile encounters between military units. This article investigates relevant practice and legal statements from many such situations, while adding a number of conceptual observations. It concludes that excluding small-scale or “targeted” forcible acts from the scope of Article 2(4) is conceptually confused, inconsistent with customary practice, and undesirable as a matter of policy.
Absolute Essence of the Suffering Mystic:
Authors: Butcher Jeffrey
Published: July 2014

The practices of the suffering mystic provide an opposition to the theory that religion is the alienation of the individual from the self. In this article, I argue that the spiritual autobiography of Elisabeth of Schönau affords us the opportunity to challenge notions of religious self-alienation. By examining the self-inflicted suffering described in Elisabeth's visions, I propose that imitations of the Passion of Christ illustrate a practice that allowed the mystic to (re)gain what I call the “absolute essence” of the self—the rejection of any sort of self-alienation, a place where the subject and object are one. As interest in the Passion grew in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the narratives of Elisabeth's mystical experiences appropriately demonstrate how self-mortification was a means to self-representation.
Techniques for controlling soil crusting and its effect on corn emergence and production
Authors: Amezketa E. , Aragües R. , Pérez P. , Bercero A.
Published: July 2014

Soil crusting is a serious problem in numerous irrigated soils of Aragon. It reduces water infiltration rate, seedlingemergence and crop establishment, and enhances runoff and soil erosion. This paper analyses the efficiency ofsoil conservation practices (direct drilling and mulching) and chemical amendments (gypsum) on the control of soilcrusting, and its effect on seedling emergence and corn production. The experiments were carried out in Sierra deLuna (Zaragoza) in a soil prone to crusting. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with six treatmentsand three replications: T1 (sowing and several irrigations until emergence, a practice known as «aguacivera» in Aragon; considered as the control treatment), T2 (sowing and delayed irrigation until post-emergence), T3 (directdrilling over nearly bare soil), T4 (direct drilling over legumes), T5 (T1 + gypsum), and T6 (T2 + gypsum). Inall the treatments, except for T1 and T5, irrigation was delayed until post-emergence. Measurements were made onplant emergence, penetration resistance of the crust, final infiltration rate and corn production. All variables weresignificantly affected by the treatments. T6 was the most effective treatment in reducing soil crusting and enhancingwater infiltration into the soil, whereas both T6 and T2 were the most effective at enhancing seedling emergence andcorn production. The «aguacivera» treatments (T1 and T5) induced the highest crusting and emergence reductionand, together with T3, they were the least productive, whereas the direct drilling treatments (T3 and T4) followed anintermediate pattern. For crusting reduction, treatment T4 was more effective than treatment T3. The addition ofgypsum coupled to a delay in irrigation until corn emergence was thus the most effective treatment of those testedin this work to reduce soil crusting.
Review: semen extenders used in the artificial inseminarion of swine
Authors: Gadea J.
Published: July 2014

This report reviews the latest knowledge on boar semen diluents used in artificial insemination procedures. The requirementsof an effective fresh semen diluent are discussed and currently available extenders are compared. Finally,we suggest directions to be taken in future research on this topic. A semen extender should be carefully selected accordingto its proposed use. For a planned semen storage time lower than 72 h, it is preferable to use a short-term extender.This type of diluent is less expensive and has been associated with a similar reproduction outcome to that oflong-term extenders. When semen doses need to be stored for more than 4 days (because of long distances, diseasecontrol procedures, etc.), we recommend the use of a long-term extender on a higher sperm concentration to compensatefor reduced sperm viability due to ageing. The semen extender must be selected on the grounds of optimalperformance (in terms of fertility and litter size), which, in turn, depends on the particular conditions of each pig farm.The choice of extender is crucial given its profound effect on the economic viability of the artificial insemination programme.
Physiological response of a pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) crop to different trickle irrigation rates
Authors: Moreno M. M. , Ribas F. , Moreno A. , Cabello M. J.
Published: July 2014

The present field study was conducted to analyse the physiological response of a pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cropto different trickle irrigation rates, by means of periodical measurements of leaf water potential (leaf) and stomatal resistance(Rs) at predawn during the plant growth cycle and at different times of the day during the fruit-growing stage,from predawn to nightfall. The internal water status of the plants was related to their growth rate (measured as aerialdry matter and leaf area index) and yield (marketable and total). The different irrigation rates tested were determinedaccording to the crop irrigation requirements (IR) calculated on the basis of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Four treatmentswere established: 1.25 IR, 1.00 IR, 0.75 IR and 0.50 IR. Irrigation water amounts between 75 and 125% IR didnot cause important variations in growth and yield parameters, although a severe water deficit did induce a continuousadaptation of the plants by reducing their size (reflected by less dry matter accumulation and leaf area) and consequentlytheir yield. However, there were small differences between treatments in the measurements of leaf and Rs, which indicatesthat crop growth was more affected by severe water deficits than these two parameters in pepper crops with dailytrickle irrigation. leaf did not justify the mechanisms of stomatal regulation, even on hot and dry middays.
Soil compaction. Tractor traffic effects on direct sowing systems
Authors: Balbuena R. , Botta G. , Draghi L. , Dagostino C.
Published: July 2014

The present article evaluates the incidence of different traffic intensities on soil physical properties under a directsowing system in the continuos crop rotation wheat-soybean. The traffic treatments applied were six, eight, ten ortwelve consecutive passages of a tractor in the same track and a control plot without transit. The parameters used toquantify compaction were cone index and dry bulk density, measured before and after each traffic treatment, and comparedwith the control. The tractor used was a two wheel drive, 52.25 kW power engine, 3,020 kg total mass, 940 and2,080 kg on the front and rear axles, 7.50-16 and 16.9-34 tyre size respectively. Results showed that as the number ofpassages increased, the values of bulk dry density and cone index registered in the soil profile studied were higher.Moreover, a higher number of passages of light tractors (29.6 kN) induced subsoil compaction. The direct sowingsystem does not limit subsoil induced compaction in high intensity traffic situations.
Regulated deficit irrigation in "Clementina de Nules" citrus tree, 1. Yield and fruit quality effects during four years
Authors: González-Altozano P. , Castel J.R.
Published: July 2014

An experiment on regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) was performed from 1995 to 1998 in a drip-irrigated orchardof "Clementina de Nules"/"Carrizo Citrange" located in Moncada (Valencia). Treatments included a control irrigated during the whole year at 115% of crop evapotranspiration measured in a weighing lysimeter (ETlys), and RDI treatments, where irrigation was reduced at different levels and time-lenght. During 1995-96 RDI was applied at 25% or at 50% of ETlys at the following phenological stages: I) flowering-fruit set, II) initial fruit growth phase, and III) final fruit growth and maturation. In 1997 and 1998, treatments were eliminated at the flowering-fruit set stage, and RDI levelswere increased during summer months and the beginning of autumn. Furthermore, during the four-year period, permanent irrigation deficit at 50% was evaluated throughout the year. The effects of the treatments on yield and fruitquality are discussed in relation to tree water status (predawn leaf water potential) and soil matric potential. Resultsshow large differences of sensitivity to water stress according to the phenological stage. The most critical period for reducing water irrigation was spring as an important yield decrease was recorded. RDI during the end of the summer and the beginning of autumn reduced fruit size and produced a high proportion of deformed fruits. The best period for RDI treatments was the summer season, at initial stages of fruit growth, because water savings are allowed while yield and fruit quality parameters are not affected, providing that a threshold value of a 1.2 MPa is not surpassed.
Can patients reliably identify safe, high quality care?
Authors: Tevis Sarah E. , K. Schmocker Ryan , D. Kennedy Gregory
Published: July 2014

The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey is a publicly reported tool that measures patient satisfaction. As both patients and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) reimbursement rely on survey results as a metric of quality of care, we reviewed the current literature to determine if patient satisfaction correlates with quality, safety, or patient outcomes. We found varying associations between safety culture, process of care measure compliance, and patient outcomes with patient satisfaction on the HCAHPS survey. Some studies found inverse relationships between quality and safety metrics and patient satisfaction. The measure that most reliably correlated with high patient satisfaction was low readmission rate. Future studies using patient specific data are needed to better identify which factors most influence patient satisfaction and to determine if patient satisfaction is a marker of safer and better quality care. Furthermore, the HCAHPS survey should continue to undergo evaluations to assure it generates predictable results.
Transmissão de conhecimento ou experiência no ensino da filosofia: limites e possibilidades
Authors: Menezes Manoela Paiva , Viana Patrick
Published: July 2014

Este artigo pretende analisar o ensino de filosofia através da seguinte problematização: é possível uma forma de “ensinar filosofia”, “ensinar a filosofar”, ou então uma forma de “experienciar a filosofia” que não seja mediada por uma transmissão teórica tradicional de conhecimentos? Para descobrir algumas possibilidades e limites em que tal problematização nos conduziria, estabelecemos uma parceria com uma instituição educacional não regida pelo imperativo institucional de cumprimento de conteúdos específicos, conhecida como Projeto Barracão. Assim, foram realizadas visitas semanais ao Projeto e reuniões de embasamento teórico tendo como base os livros Pedagogía de la presencia, de Fernando Bárcena, O mestre ignorante, de Jacques Rancière e Tecnologías del yo, de Michel Foucault. Durante as visitas, a postura foi um “estar presente” (baseado em Bárcena), sem interferência hierárquica (Rancière), durante as atividades, buscando estabelecer uma relação de cuidado de si e cuidado do outro (Foucault).
O trabalho com o texto literário nas aulas de língua espanhola: possíveis contribuições bakhtinianas
Authors: Paiva Regiane Santos Cabral de
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho tratará, sob a ótica bakhtiniana, contribuições para a compreensão dos conceitos de dialogia, da polifonia, da heteroglossia, da intertextualidade e da interdiscursividade, a partir dos quais se pode inferir possíveis aplicações ao ensino, especialmente para o trabalho com o texto literário nas aulas de língua estrangeira, especificamente a espanhola. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico apoiado em Bakhtin (2000a, 2000b) e em estudiosos de sua teoria: Barros (1999), Bernardi (2001), Bezerra (2008), Brait (2000), Faraco (2009) e Fiorin (2010). A partir destas observações, este estudo ressalta a importância das relações dialógicas para o trabalho com o texto literário, contribuindo, desta maneira, para um estudo mais significativo e competente da leitura, bem como promover condições essenciais para a leitura responsiva e crítica.
Necessidade de incentivo ao desenvolvimento da horta escolar nas instituições da rede pública
Authors: Garutti Selson , Peralta Priscila
Published: July 2014

: Nos dias atuais, a Educação Ambiental é um tema que apresenta uma real importância para todos. Implementar a Educação Ambiental nas escolas tem se mostrado uma tarefa exaustiva. Existem grandes dificuldades nas atividades de sensibilização e formação, na implantação de atividades e projetos e, principalmente, na manutenção e continuidade dos já existentes. Uma das formas para estar ressaltando o tema educação ambiental dentro das escolas é por meio do desenvolvimento da horta escolar. As hortaliças são alimentos essências para a dieta humana pelo fato de apresentar um alto valor nutritivo como fibras, vitaminas e sais minerais. Estima-se que o consumo de frutas e hortaliças no Brasil corresponda a menos da metade das recomendações nutricionais, sendo ainda mais deficiente entre as famílias de baixa renda. A horta escolar pode servir como fonte de alimentação e atividades didáticas, oferecendo grandes vantagens às comunidades envolvidas, como a obtenção de alimentos de qualidade a baixo custo e também o envolvimento em programas de alimentação e saúde desenvolvidos pelas escolas. O presente trabalho vem com a finalidade de incentivar as escolas da rede pública de Maringá para o desenvolvimento da horta escolar apresentando os benefícios obtidos por meio desta.
O ensino de Sociologia no nível médio na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Souza Regina Magalhães de
Published: July 2014

Este artigo relata alguns resultados de pesquisa exploratória realizada entre professores de Sociologia, em nível médio, das redes pública e privada, da cidade de São Paulo, no ano de 2009. As entrevistas, realizadas pelos discentes do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Sociais da Uninove, tiveram como objetivo investigar se o ensino de Sociologia estaria contribuindo para a consecução das finalidades do ensino médio previstas pela LDB, particularmente o desenvolvimento da cidadania e do pensamento crítico. Os depoimentos sugerem uma concepção de crítica como habilidade cognitiva como um fim em si e uma concepção de cidadania como atividade individual.
Escola, lugar da teoria da prática: algumas questões que perpassam o processo formativo dos gestores escolares
Authors: Russo Miguel Henrique
Published: July 2014

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As antenas do caracol, de Dirce Waltrick do Amarante
Authors: Todaro Monica Avila
Published: July 2014

As Antenas do Caracol, obra da tradutora, ensaísta e docente da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Dirce Waltrick do Amarante, finalista do prêmio Jabuti em 2010, é dividida pela autora em duas partes. A primeira, Casos concretos, e a segunda, Notas Teóricas, perfazendo, ao todo, quatorze ensaios. O título As Antenas do Caracol, é, segundo a autora, “uma homenagem ao ensaio “Sobre a gênese da burrice”, no qual, a respeito da educação, Adorno e Horkheimer associam o caracol à formação da sensibilidade e ao desenvolvimento da inteligência humana”. Os filósofos citados comparam a inteligência a uma antena de caracol, que diante de um obstáculo, recolhe-se ao abrigo protetor do corpo. Na primeira parte a autora analisa livros e seus enredos e na segunda escreve a respeito dos conceitos de criança e infância, sobre o gosto pela arte e, por último, relaciona arte, ética e educação. Em ambas, Amarante (des e re) constrói conceitos e concepções, por meio de importantes reflexões críticas.
Avaliação das Aprendizagens no Nível Superior: Avaliar Para Quê?
Authors: Espírito Santo Eniel , Luz Luiz Carlos Sacramento da Luz
Published: July 2014

Em todas as modalidades de ensino, a avaliação das aprendizagens é amiúde um elemento crucial, seja pela incompreensão de seus objetivos, seja pelo sentido autoritário de que se reveste, ou ainda pelo forte caráter subjetivo intrínseco ao processo avaliativo. Neste artigo, tem-se por objetivo refletir sobre o processo de avaliação da aprendizagem no nível superior na perspectiva da retroalimentação da práxis educativa do professor universitário. A metodologia utilizada é um estudo exploratório descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, que utiliza a pesquisa bibliográfica como fonte de dados. O estudo conclui que o processo de avaliação das aprendizagens, como parte do ato pedagógico, deve contemplar ampla variedade de instrumentos, visando possibilitar ao docente investigar se as estratégias didáticas utilizadas resultaram no êxito do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, além de fornecer subsídios para a reavaliação de sua prática pedagógica.
Educação Infantil e currículo: contribuições freirianas ao debate
Authors: De Angelo Adilson
Published: July 2014

Este texto advém do debate que tem procurado problematizar as questões da Educação Infantil no sentido que ela cumpra plenamente a sua função sociopolítica e pedagógica na educação e no cuidado da criança pequena. Como mote para a discussão aqui proposta, trabalham-se algumas questões sobre currículo, compreendendo-o como um conjunto sistematizado de práticas culturais no qual se articulam diferentes experiências e saberes das crianças, de suas famílias, dos profissionais e de suas comunidades de pertencimento, assim como os que foram produzidos historicamente pela humanidade. Em primeiro lugar, o texto situa o tema no conjunto das conquistas históricas da Educação Infantil. A seguir, discute e problematiza algumas questões do currículo no campo da Educação Infantil, tomando o universo freiriano como contribuição ao debate.
Apontamentos sobre o pensamento de Mikhail Bakhtin: reflexos na pesquisa e docência
Authors: Moraes Raquel De Almeida , De Paula Nanci Martins
Published: July 2014

Com o objetivo de delinear alguns apontamentos sobre o pensamento teórico de Mikhail Bakhtin e seus reflexos na pesquisa e docência, as autoras analisam que a abordagem marxista na configuração da metodologia científica considera o ser humano como sujeito concreto, agente das relações sociais numa perspectiva materialista, histórica, dialógica e polifônica, reconhecendo o princípio da alteridade. A abordagem marxista na perspectiva bakhtiniana realiza o entrelaçamento dos aspectos infra e superestruturais (mundo material e espiritual), abrindo espaços para uma visão não fragmentada do conhecimento para a pesquisa educacional e a docência.
O coordenador pedagógico e as relações interpessoais no contexto escolar: entre percepções e ações
Authors: Ramos Daniela Karine , Hoepers Waterkemper Sandra Regina
Published: July 2014

Este artigo tem o objetivo de enfatizar o papel do coordenador pedagógico na função de mediador frente as relações interpessoais e aos conflitos enfrentados no ambiente escolar, apontando as direções que este profissional poderá seguir para estimular o trabalho coletivo com todos os sujeitos envolvidos no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, por meio da aplicação de questionários em unidades de ensino, incluindo a participação de professores e gestores. A partir disso, os resultados reforçaram a importância da atuação do coordenador pedagógico, o qual como mediador contribui para melhoria das relações interpessoais e auxilia na resolução de conflitos no contexto escolar.
Aprendizagem profissional docente para atuar com bebês em instituições de Educação Infantil
Authors: Ramos Tacyana Karla Gomes
Published: July 2014

Neste artigo discute-se a atuação profissional docente com bebês no âmbito da Educação Infantil, apresentando as tensões, os desafios e as possibilidades de organização do trabalho pedagógico a ser desenvolvido em instituições educacionais. Debate-se acerca de conhecimentos específicos da educação da criança que estejam sustentados na ação pedagógica de observação e escuta dos bebês, ação entendida como referência para a prática educativa que tenha como elementos balizadores a indissociabilidade entre cuidar e educar, a promoção da autonomia e da autoria das crianças pequenas. Por fim, indica-se a necessidade de constituição, nos processos de formação inicial e continuada, de uma identidade profissional do docente que vai atuar com bebês, visando a elevação da qualidade do trabalho pedagógico a ser desenvolvido nas instituições. Para tanto, propõem-se adaptações e ressignificações dos currículos e das práticas de ensino de forma a se ajustarem aos interesses, potencialidades e necessidades sociais e psicológicas das crianças.
Educação Infantil, profissionalização docente e a formação de professores no curso de Pedagogia
Authors: Araújo Erica Oliveira de
Published: July 2014

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Revista Dialogia n.17
Authors: Cezario Juliana Aparecida
Published: July 2014

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O cuidado na educação numa perspectiva fenomenológica.
Authors: Nascimento Crisóstomo Lima
Published: July 2014

A partir da concepo de cuidado (Sorge) na fenomenologia hermenutica proposta pelo filsofo alemo Martin Heidegger, fundada na unidade das estruturas ontolgicas do ser-a (Dasein), destacamos a importncia de se alertar a relao indissolvel da noo fenomenolgica de cuidado com o fenmeno compreendido como educao, sublinhando uma reflexo filosfica do educar, aprofundando algumas de suas questes e colocando-a no centro de um frtil dilogo com o pensamento filosfico heideggeriano. Palavras-chaves: Educao, fenomenologia e cuidado.
A literatura infantil entre o palco e o público
Authors: Assis Adriana Carolina Hipólito de
Published: July 2014

O espaço da literatura infantil ganhou nos últimos anos, importância sine qua non na medida em que os índices de letramento literário aumentaram. Os veios de compreensão teórico-prática desta questão apresentam-se das mais variadas formas. Dentro deste contexto buscamos compreender como o corpo poético no tópico ficção e realidade são ministrados.
O “ser solidário” e a construção da cultura de paz
Authors: Magalhães Solange Martins Oliveira
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho discute os conceitos de Cultura de Paz, Educao para Paz relacionado ao desenvolvimento da solidariedade. O referencial terico utilizado liga-se a autores que compreendem o desenvolvimento da educao nos sentidos restrito e amplo (BRANDO, 2000). Em Jares (2002) tem-se o conceito de Educao para a Paz que traz o sentido, os objetivos e os contedos que fundamentam uma estrutura pedaggica que parte do princpio da no-violncia. Resgata-se os princpios da Pedagogia da Paz, conforme proposto por Sez (2006) e UNESCO (2013). Articula-se a esses autores e documentos o pressuposto piagetiano: a Educao direito e condio formadora para a criana. Destaca-se que o sujeito moralmente autnomo tem a necessidade racional de agir solidariamente, mas esse agir envolve a vivncia de relaes respeitosas, de reciprocidade, que precisam ser ensinadas durante a escolarizao infantil. Entende-se que favorecer o desenvolvimento da solidariedade mostra-se o verdadeiro calcanhar de Aquiles escola que pretende ser construtora de uma Cultura de Paz.
Viver, aprender: uma coleção para os sujeitos da EJA
Authors: Franco Raquel Aparecida Soares Reis
Published: July 2014

Este texto objetiva analisar a organizao, as temticas e as prticas de leitura e escrita da Coleo Viver, Aprender. A luz de tericos que tratam acerca da EJA (Educao de Jovens e Adultos) e de pesquisadores que abordam sobre as prticas de leitura e escrita; esse artigo toma, metodologicamente falando, dos princpios da anlise de contedo proposta por Bardin (2002). Est divido em quatro partes. Na primeira, realizamos uma breve introduo. Na segunda, discutimos se a organizao e as temticas da Coleo atendem s particularidades dos sujeitos da EJA. Na terceira, analisamos se as prticas de leitura e escrita propostas pela Coleo consideram o uso social da escrita. Por ltimo, realizamos consideraes que indicam que a Coleo apresenta, em suas unidades, diversos gneros textuais, contemplando as especificidades dos sujeitos da EJA. Observamos que a Coleo apresenta estratgias que possibilitam ao educando da EJA adquirir o currculo mnimo que garantem a aquisio dos saberes escolares.
A arquitetônica do pensamento bakhtiniano e sua relação com a educação: alguns conceitos aplicados ao ensino/aprendizagem
Authors: Bastos Nathan , Giovani Fabiana
Published: July 2014

O texto que trazemos para discussão é um dos primeiros frutos de um projeto de pesquisa que estuda a arquitetônica do pensamento bakhtiniano e sua relação com a educação. A proposição do artigo é apresentar/discutir uma série de conceitos do filósofo russo Mikhail Bakhtin (conceitos espalhados nas obras do autor e do círculo), como gêneros discursivos, polifonia, alteridade, contra-palavra, e, sobretudo, o mote central dos seus estudos, o dialogismo; e as relações desses ensinamentos do autor russo com a educação na área de linguagem, com mais atenção ao ensino de língua portuguesa. O caminho metodológico escolhido é o do paradigma indiciário, o método abdutivo desenvolvido por Carlo Ginzburg. Nessa perspectiva, pretende-se apreender, após análise de uma prática docente pautada nos pilares bakhtinianos, quais foram as diferenças entre escrita e reescrita dos textos produzidos pelos alunos na situação de comunicação criada em sala de aula.
Letramento midiático e a (re)invenção do cotidiano por um grupo pescadores
Authors: Souza Terezinha Fernandes Martins de , Cruz Dulce Marcia
Published: July 2014

O texto teve a inteno de problematizar as prticas de comunicao de um grupo de pescadores, moradores da praia de Pntano do Sul Florianpolis Santa Catarina - Brasil, enfocando o uso de linguagens no perodo da pesca da tainha, as implicaes da insero de mdias na apreenso de habilidades de letramento miditico e o papel da educao no contexto da cultura da convergncia. O estudo teve como base autores como Martin-Barbero, Michel de Certeau, Hannah Arendt, Roger Chartier, Nestor Garcia Canclini, Henry Jenkins e Mikhail Bakthin. O uso de linguagens (verbal oral e escrita e no verbal) na comunicao realizada pelos pescadores emerge como foras criadoras, com traos culturais singulares da pesca, veiculados pela fala, grito ou apupo e por smbolos e sinais que se conservam e ao mesmo tempo acompanham mudanas, inovaes e incorporam novas habilidades das mdias digitais para exercer prticas de letramentos na cultura da convergncia.