bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity Effect of Cu2+ Contaminated Kitchen and Vegetable Wastes on Oxidative Stress Response of Black Soldier Fly Larvae, Hermetia Illucens
Authors: Abdelfattah Eman Alaaeldin , Bassiony Dyaa , Nagah Abdallah , Fawzy Mohamed A. , Hussein Mohammed Y. , Ibrahim Habiba Mohamed , Ibrahim Nada Y. , Ashry Hamid , Aboelhassan Aya M. , Mahmoud Aya H. , Abd El-Monem Dina H.
Published: March 2022

Environmental pollution sources including waste or metal accumulation, industrial and agricultural activities can be dangerous. Also, contaminated organic waste (COW) with metals especially, copper ions (Cu2+), can cause toxicity to various ecosystem components, enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently cause oxidative stress. The biochemical effect of the COW was monitored by assessing the oxidative stress parameters (OSP) using hydrogen peroxides (H2O2), protein carbonyls (PC), lipid peroxides (LP), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total antioxidant ability (TAA); β-esterase (β-EST); and total amount of protein (TAP) levels on the organic waste (kitchen and vegetable wastes); Hermetia illucens larvae; and larval excreta collected from 7-day post-treated kitchen and vegetables wastes with (1:10; g:mL) distilled water (DW) or 100 mg/mL Cu2+. The OSP levels were significantly higher in the experimental samples from Cu2+ groups than in the control one. Besides that, the OSP levels of H. illucens larvae feed on vegetable waste was significantly higher than those feed on kitchen waste except for β-EST, PC, and TPA. The best, cheap and easy parameters of antioxidants to ensure the entomoremediation ability are total antioxidant capacity. Possible impacts of accumulated and Cu2+ contaminated organic waste on H. illucens larvae were discussed. Also, the ability of insects to produce more antioxidants than input or output sources was approved. The potential use of the OSP as a bioindicator method of the bioremediation ability of H. illucens was proposed.
PENETAPAN KADAR LOGAM TIMBAL PADA SANTAN SEGAR DAN SANTAN INSTAN YANG DIJUAL DI PASAR PASIR GINTUNG BANDAR LAMPUNG SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM (SSA)
Authors: Purnama Robby Candra , Retnaningsih Agustina , Prakoso Diki
Published: March 2022

Santan adalah cairan putih yang diperoleh dari pemerasan atau pengepresan daging buah segar yang diparut dengan atau tanpa penambahan air. Sumber kontaminasi timbal banyak digunakan untuk mematri atau menyambung logam dan alat dapur yang digunakan terbuat dari hasil pematrian timbal. Syarat cemaran logam timbal pada santan dalam SNI 01-3816-1995 yaitu maksimum 0,1 mg/kg. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar logam timbal pada santan segar dan santan instan secara spektrofotometri serapan atom. Sampel diambil dari Pasar Pasir Gintung Bandar Lampung. Uji kuantitatif timbal menggunakan metode spektrofotometri serapan atom dengan panjang gelombang 283,28 nm. Dari uji kuantitatif diperoleh persamaan regresi linier y = 0,031020 x + 0,0030167 dengan koefisien korelasi 0,9993 didapatkan kadar santan segar A-1,6477 ± 0 mg/kg dan santan segar B-1,6368 ± 0 mg/kg dan santan segar C-1,3963 ± 0,0014 mg/kg dan santan instan -1,3238 ± 0,0014 mg/kg. Dari hasil penelitian ini santan segar dan santan instan negatif mengandung logam timbal dan yang terbaca hanya noisepada saat analisis. Kata kunci: Santan Segar, Santan Instan, Timbal, Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom
Calidad del sueño en el personal administrativo de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina
Authors: Cadavid Vanegas Daniela , Arboleda Amórtegui Gleydiz , Bernal Ortiz Valentina
Published: March 2022

La calidad del sueño no se refiere únicamente al hecho de dormir bien durante la noche, sino que también incluye un buen funcionamiento diurno, es decir, la atención necesaria durante el día para realizar cualquier tipo de actividad, por lo que es necesario resaltar que la persona promedio debe dormir, al menos, entre siete u ocho horas diarias para tener una debida higiene del sueño. Se hallaron antecedentes de diferentes investigaciones que dan cuenta de los trastornos generados por la falta o la mala calidad del sueño (Campos Burga, 2018). Un estudio realizado en Arabia Saudita, en el 2008, prueba que las asociaciones entre el estrés, la falta de sueño y la somnolencia diurna excesiva. En Brasil, la Universidad Federal reportó en el 2015 la asociación entre trastorno temporomandibular y la ansiedad, la calidad del sueño y la calidad de vida en los profesionales de enfermería. Igualmente, en el 2014, en Ecuador un estudio estableció que tener buena calidad del sueño es un factor protector frente a la depresión. Además, en Colombia una investigación que examinó la calidad de vida de estudiantes de posgrado de medicina evidenció que el 40 % de estos sufren patologías relacionadas con la gran cantidad de trabajo y el estrés emocional. A su vez, la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, en el 2014, evidenció que los trastornos del sueño están relacionados con el trabajo por turnos nocturnos y forman parte de los trastornos del ritmo circadiano, mientras la Universidad del Rosario, en el 2014, encontró que la falta de sueño por turnos de noche tuvo una respuesta negativa (Godnho et al., 2018).
Além das Caricaturas: Nazismo, Racismo e Ciências Raciais (1924-1936)
Authors:   Faculdade de Direito e Ciência Política, Universidade Lusófona do Porto, Portugal, Varajidás Henrique ,   henrique.varajidas@ulp.pt
Published: March 2022

This article brings forth, organizes and interprets a compound of historical-empirical evidence that allows questioning of two still standing pillars of Nazism political studies: the assumption that the racial aspect of nazi ideology enjoyed a relatively monolithic interpretation within the nazi movement; and the assumption that, after the conquest of power, the nazi Party-State conspired to unilaterally impose such “ideological dogma”, both in theory and practice, on German University and German society. Rather than confirm these oft-repeated conventions, we uncover a much more complex, dialectical and dynamic mesh of relationships involving ideology, pseudoscience and racial science within the nazi movement and under the nazi regime. Keywords: nazism; racism; pseudoscience; science; totalitarianism
Tracing the factors of the emergence of digital democracy in the Palestinian Territories
Authors:   Inter-Asia Cultural Studies Institute, Taiwan, Almassry Hazem ,   hazemassry@gmail.com, Amel Eid ,   Inter-Asia Cultural Studies Institute, Taiwan; ameleid2007@gmail.com
Published: March 2022

This paper seeks to demonstrate the concept of digital democracy and its ability to form attitudes and trends in public opinion and it also deals with the opportunities available for digital democracy to activate participatory democracy in the Palestinian territories and it also sheds light on the reality and challenges of digital democracy there. The study uses both the analytical descriptive and the historical approaches. The study concludes that Palestinian citizens lost their confidence in their appointed representatives due to the lack of practical mechanisms that stimulate the processes of participation. Because of that, the media and communication technology tools in Palestine have transformed among the citizens into a space for the exchange of ideas and information, as well as a space for dialogue and debate, and for raising issues of wide popular interest, far from the formal and traditional frameworks. Keywords: Digital Democracy; Information and Communication Technologies; Palestinian Territories; Participatory Democracy
Faktor Tidak Langsung Penyebab Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR)
Authors: Pertiwi Wiwik Eko , Annissa Annissa , Polwandari Feling
Published: March 2022

Prevalensi Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) berdasarkan hasil Riskesdas tahun 2018 sebanyak 6,2% dan angka ini mengalami kenaikan dari tahun 2013. Tahun 2018 kasus BBLR di Provinsi Banten menempati urutan 9 besar dari 34 Provinsi yang ada di Indonesia. Pada tahun 2018 berdasarkan Profil Kesehatan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Cilegon, menunjukkan persentase BBLR di Kecamatan Cilegon mencapai 4,2% (38 kasus) dari 911 jumlah kelahiran hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor tidak langsung penyebab kejadian BBLR di Kota Cilegon dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kasus kontrol dengan sampel sebanyak 108 responden yang terdiri dari 54 kelompok kasus dan 54 kelompok kontrol. Lokasi penelitian adalah wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cilegon dan Citangkil Kota Cilegon, Banten. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan metode wawancara dan buku KIA responden. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat (chi-square). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara faktor predisposisi (status sosial ekonomi, budaya dan tingkat pendidikan), faktor enabling (ketersediaan pelayanan kesehatan, jarak pelayanan kesehatan, keterpaparan media promosi kesehatan) dan faktor reinforcing (dukungan keluarga dan peran petugas kesehatan) dengan kejadian BBLR. Edukasi kesehatan ibu hamil dapat ditingkatkan melalui penggunaan media-media elektronik misal melalui grup WA, instagram dan media sosial lainnya.
HOPEFULNESS, POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EMOTIONS IN RURAL RESIDENTS WITH DRINK WATER SHORTAGE: AN IRANIAN CASE STUDY
Authors: Khodarahimi Siamak , Deghani Heidar
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of drinking water shortage on emotions and hope in an Iranian sample, and to investigate the roles of gender, location of residence, marital status, job and the level of education on these constructs. Participants were included 1198 rural residents from two regions with and without drinking water shortage from Darab and Eghlid cities, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS), the Adult State Hope Scale (ASHS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were used in this study. The rural residents with drinking water shortage had higher levels of negative emotions than rural residents without drinking water shortage. However, rural residents without drink water shortage had the higher performance on positive emotions, dispositional hope and state hope than the rural residents with drink water shortage. The effects location of residence, gender, the level of education and occupation on positive and negative emotions, dispositional hope and state hope are confirmed in this sample.
Key words: demographics, dispositional and state hope, drink water shortage, positive and negative emotions.
ASSESSMENT OF COPING STRATEGIES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT IN CHILDREN
Authors: Morales Rodríguez Francisco Manuel
Published: March 2022

The study of coping strategies in children and adolescents is a topic in line with the study of a healthy development, as the very fact of having coping skills serves as a guarantee for a healthy lifestyle and quality of life. The general aim is the prediction of children coping (coping strategies used by students of elementary education, and in relation to four types of stressors known as the school, family, peer interaction and health) in terms of the impact of varying stress, coping, School, clinical and social maladjustment. Participants were 402 students, ranging from 9 to 12 years old. Results show that that the variable coping with the ACS, stress and clinical maladjustment predict, with different impact, coping strategy employed by children. This information attempts to be useful in the applied Educational.
Key words: assessment, coping strategies, maladjustment, middle-childhood.
MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC PERSONALITY INVENTORY-2 AS A DETECTOR OF EMOTIONAL RISK FACTORS FOR THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF NEWLY-ADMITTED UNDERGRADUATE PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS
Authors: Polanco-Hernandez Graciela , Tena-Suck Antonio
Published: March 2022

Currently, many universities are demonstrating interest in identifying the factors that may place their students’ psychological well-being at risk. It is considered important to identify the personality traits that may endanger students’ university education and professional activities. The sample consisted of 324 students recently entering an undergraduate program in psychology. The Spanish-language version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) with standards for Mexican university students was used.
Female students report feelings of sadness, depression and anxiety, as well as behaviors that are demanding, histrionic, persuasive and impulsive, and they indicate a desire that situations be adapted to them. Male participants report immature and rebellious behavior toward authority figures and tend to blame others for their problems. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency of the instrument was calculated for the Validity, Basic, Supplementary and Content scales, yielding a total score of 0.824.
These results indicate that the MMPI-2 version for Mexico is a reliable measure for the university students tested.
Key words: academic risk, low school performance, MMPI-2, psychological profile, university students.
On Translating the Dark Enigma: The Tao Te Ching
Authors: Record Kirby
Published: March 2022

This paper explains the methodology used in its author’s recently completed translation of the Tao Te Ching. It addresses the considerations which arise from the historical, cultural, and linguistic distance between this ancient masterpiece and the target language and culture of twenty-first-century Anglo-America. More specifically, comparisons are made with previously published, highly respected translations of this text. Though emphasizing practice rather than theory, the article reflects the broader challenges facing any translation of poetry that crosses multiple time-frames, cultural values, and writing systems as well as languages. David Hinton has referred to the Tao Te Ching as a ‘dark enigma’. This essay tries to elucidate the many levels of darkness that comprise it.
Dopplerographic features of venous cerebral blood flow disorders in acute period of ischemic stroke
Authors: Lobzin V. Yu. , Nikiforova L. G.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes results of a Doppler study of brachiocephalic vessels in the acute period of ischemic stroke. The role of the venous link of blood flow in maintaining the intracerebral constant in the acute period of ischemic stroke was revealed. The features of the reactivity of cerebral venous hemodynamics in patients with different volumes of brain damage during the formation of ischemic foci of various localization are shown. Attention is paid to the importance of a comprehensive assessment of cerebral venous circulation in the acute period of ischemic stroke. It was shown that in patients with ischemic stroke involving one or two lobes of one hemisphere of the brain, there was a significant increase in the size of the areas and a significant decrease in the speed indicators in the internal jugular and vertebral veins, respectively, the localization of the ischemic focus. It was found that in hemispheric ischemic strokes with signs of cerebral edema, cerebral blood flow disturbances were maximal and were accompanied by a paradoxical reaction of hemodynamic compensatory mechanisms, but no lateralization of dysgemia was observed according to the focus of ischemia.
Difficulties in differential diagnosis and modern approaches to treatment of polymyalgia rheumatic
Authors: Teplova N. V. , Putilina M. V. , Chervyakova G. A. , Apokina V. V. , Nikiforova A. V.
Published: March 2022

Polymyalgia rheumatica (RPMA) is an inflammatory disease of the musculoskeletal system that is rarely diagnosed in patients over 50 years of age. RPMA is characterized by pain and prolonged morning stiffness in the shoulder, pelvic girdle, and neck. To date, there is no single clinical, laboratory or instrumental sign, the presence of which would confirm the diagnosis. The main method of treatment is oral therapy with glucocorticosteroids. Alternative treatment options include steroid-sparing therapy (methotrexate, tocilizumab). NSAIDs may be used to reduce pain.
Sporadic hemiplegic migraine (rare case in clinical practice)
Authors: Levitina E. V. , Rakhmanina O. A. , Lebedev I. A.
Published: March 2022

The article describes the peculiarities of a rare disease – hemiplegic migraine in three patients (two boys aged 7 and 15 and a girl of 12 years old). The family history of migraine was not burdened. Attack symptoms were almost identical: hemiparesis, dysphasia, and headache. The electroencephalograms, magnetic resonance imaging in all patients not presented signs brain dysfunction. Analysis of the literature data has been carried out. Thediagnostic criteria for hemiplegic migraine, its differential diagnosis is described. The considered description increases the awareness of doctors on the issue, which is very rare in the practice of pediatrician and neurologist.
Plant Growth-Promoting Activity of Bacillus sp. PG-8 Isolated From Fermented Panchagavya and Its Effect on the Growth of Arachis hypogea
Authors: Gohil Rinkal B. , Raval Vikram H. , Panchal Rakeshkumar R. , Rajput Kiransinh N.
Published: March 2022

A natural bacterial isolate that shows multiple plant growth-promoting activities was isolated from fermented panchagavya (a mixture of five indigenous cow products). It is a gram-positive, endospore-forming bacteria identified as Bacillus sp. PG-8 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The Bacillus sp. PG-8 have shown multiple plant growth-promoting activities as indole acetic acid (2.78 μg/ml), gibberellic acid (0.7 mg/ml), ammonia (6.51 μmol/ml), exopolysaccharide (2.6% w/v) production, and phosphate solubilization (198.27 μg/ml). The Bacillus sp. PG-8 has ability to survive under the abiotic stress conditions such as temperature (28–46°C), pH (5.0–12.0), salt (0.5–20.0% w/v NaCl), and osmotic resistance (1–10% w/v PEG-6000). Due to its diverse characteristics, the effect of Bacillus sp. PG-8 was tested on Arachis hypogea (groundnut). The seeds treated with Bacillus sp. PG-8 demonstrated a 70% germination rate with seedling vigor indexes of 154. In pot study, Arachis hypogea growth showed 1.38, 1.38, 1.32, 1.39, and 1.52 times increase in root hair number, leaf numbers, leaf width, leaf length, and leaf area, respectively. The addition of Bacillus sp. PG-8 culture to the Arachis hypogea plant resulted in a significant improvement in plant growth. Bacillus sp. PG-8 is a spore producer with stress tolerance and multiple plant growth-promoting properties, which makes it a potential liquid biofertilizer candidate.
Studies on Clinical Features, Mechanisms, and Management of Olfactory Dysfunction Secondary to Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lin Yi-Tsen , Yeh Te-Huei
Published: March 2022

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common causes of inflammation of the olfactory system, warranting investigation of the link between chronic inflammation and the loss of olfactory function. Type 2 inflammation is closely related to the clinical features and disease mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction secondary to CRS. Patients with eosinophilic CRS, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, and central compartment atopic disease report increased olfactory dysfunction. Increased levels of interleukin-(IL-)2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 in the mucus from the olfactory slit have been reported to be associated with reduced olfactory test scores. The influence of several cytokines and signaling transduction pathways, including tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases, on olfactory signal processing and neurogenesis has been demonstrated. Corticosteroids are the mainstay treatment for olfactory dysfunction secondary to CRS. Successful olfaction recovery was recently demonstrated in clinical trials of biotherapeutics, including omalizumab and dupilumab, although the treatment effect may diminish gradually after stopping the use of the medications. Future studies are required to relate the complex mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation in CRS to dysfunction of the olfactory system.
A Novel Tissue Atlas and Online Tool for the Interrogation of Small RNA Expression in Human Tissues and Biofluids
Authors: Alsop Eric , Meechoovet Bessie , Kitchen Robert , Sweeney Thadryan , Beach Thomas G. , Serrano Geidy E. , Hutchins Elizabeth , Ghiran Ionita , Reiman Rebecca , Syring Michael , Hsieh Michael , Courtright-Lim Amanda , Valkov Nedyalka , Whitsett Timothy G. , Rakela Jorge , Pockros Paul , Rozowsky Joel , Gallego Juan , Huentelman Matthew J. , Shah Ravi , Nakaji Peter , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Laurent Louise , Das Saumya , Van Keuren-Jensen Kendall
Published: March 2022

One promising goal for utilizing the molecular information circulating in biofluids is the discovery of clinically useful biomarkers. Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are one of the most diverse classes of molecular cargo, easily assayed by sequencing and with expressions that rapidly change in response to subject status. Despite diverse exRNA cargo, most evaluations from biofluids have focused on small RNA sequencing and analysis, specifically on microRNAs (miRNAs). Another goal of characterizing circulating molecular information, is to correlate expression to injuries associated with specific tissues of origin. Biomarker candidates are often described as being specific, enriched in a particular tissue or associated with a disease process. Likewise, miRNA data is often reported to be specific, enriched for a tissue, without rigorous testing to support the claim. Here we provide a tissue atlas of small RNAs from 30 different tissues and three different blood cell types. We analyzed the tissues for enrichment of small RNA sequences and assessed their expression in biofluids: plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva. We employed published data sets representing physiological (resting vs. acute exercise) and pathologic states (early- vs. late-stage liver fibrosis, and differential subtypes of stroke) to determine differential tissue-enriched small RNAs. We also developed an online tool that provides information about exRNA sequences found in different biofluids and tissues. The data can be used to better understand the various types of small RNA sequences in different tissues as well as their potential release into biofluids, which should help in the validation or design of biomarker studies.
Enhancing Capacity and Stability of Anionic MOFs as Electrode Material by Cation Exchange
Authors: Akintola Oluseun , Gerlach Patrick , Plass Christian T. , Balducci Andrea , Plass Winfried
Published: March 2022

In this study we report on the characterization and use of the anionic metal-organic framework (MOF) JUMP-1, [(Me2NH2)2[Co3(ntb)2(bdc)]]n, alongside with its alkali-metal ion-exchanged analogs JUMP-1(Li) and JUMP-1(Na), as electrode materials for lithium and sodium batteries. Composite electrodes containing these anionic-MOFs were prepared and tested in 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in propylene carbonate (PC) and/or 1 M sodium TFSI (NaTFSI) in PC. We showed that the ion-exchanged materials JUMP-1(Li) and JUMP-1(Na) display higher capacities in comparison with the original as-prepared compound JUMP-1 (490 mA∙h∙g−1 vs. 164 mA∙h∙g−1 and 83 mA∙h∙g−1 vs. 73 mA∙h∙g−1 in Li and Na based electrolytes, respectively). Additionally, we showed that the stability of the electrodes containing the ion-exchanged materials is higher than that of JUMP-1, suggesting a form of chemical pre-alkalation works to stabilize them prior to cycling. The results of these studies indicate that the use of designed anionic-MOFs represents a promising strategy for the realization of high performance electrodes suitable for energy storage devices.
A Comparative Policy Analysis of Wild Food Policies Across Ontario, Northwest Territories, and Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Judge Connor , Spring Andrew , Skinner Kelly
Published: March 2022

Access to and availability of food harvested from the land (called traditional food, country food, or wild food) are critical to food security and food sovereignty of Indigenous People. These foods can be particularly difficult to access for those living in urban environments. We ask: what policies are involved in the regulation of traditional/country foods and how do these policies affect access to traditional/country food for Indigenous Peoples living in urban centers? Which policies act as barriers? This paper provides a comparative policy analysis of wild food policies across Ontario, the Northwest Territories (NWT), and the Yukon Territory, Canada, by examining and making comparisons between various pieces of legislation, such as fish and wildlife acts, hunting regulations, food premises legislation, and meat inspection regulations. We provide examples of how some programs serving Indigenous Peoples have managed to provide wild foods, using creative ways to operate within the existing system. While there is overwhelming evidence that traditional/country food plays a critical role for the health and well-being of Indigenous Peoples within Canada, Indigenous food systems are often undermined by provincial and territorial wild food policies. Provinces like Ontario with more restrictive policies may be able to learn from the policies in the Territories. We found that on a system level, there are significant constraints on the accessibility of wild foods in urban spaces because the regulatory food environment is designed to manage a colonial market-based system that devalues Indigenous values of sharing and reciprocity and Indigenous food systems, particularly for traditional/country foods. Dismantling the barriers to traditional/country food access in that system can be an important way forward.
A Multi-Factor Approach to the Study of L2 Acquisition of Motion Verbs and Motion Constructions: Integration of Typological, Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic Aspects
Authors: Filipović Luna
Published: March 2022

Talking about motion events in L2 is done in different ways by different speakers on different occasions. This is due to multiple factors, typological, psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic, which interact and play a role in L2 acquisition and use. These factors can sometimes lead the same types of L2 speakers to produce very different outputs and sometimes very different L2 speakers to produce the same or similar outputs. In order to capture this diversity of outcomes the CASP (Complex Adaptive System Principles) for Bilingualism model was proposed and we illustrate how this model helps us formulate predictions about motion event verbalizations, set up experiments and account for results in a holistic manner, taking into consideration the relevant multiple factors. Furthermore, a lot of effort in the field has gone into contrasting monolingual and bilingual populations while more knowledge is needed about how different bilingual populations compare. These different bilinguals, including L2 learners, need to be tested under different conditions in which they use their languages (e.g., when only one or both is actively used with vs. without the possibility to code-switch) in order to understand the variability of L2 verbal behaviours and the underlying factors at play under different circumstances of acquisition and use. This perspective paper provides both theoretical and empirical indications how this can be done, with the key message that future research into L2 acquisition (and bilingualism in general) must be based on a multi-factor approach.
A Risk Stratification Scheme for In-Hospital Cardiogenic Shock in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yang Jun-qing , Ran Peng , Li Jie , Zhong Qi , Smith Sidney C. , Wang Yan , Fonarow Gregg C. , Qiu Jia , Morgan Louise , Wei Xue-biao , Chen Xiao-bo , Huang Jie-leng , Hao Yong-chen , Zhou Ying-ling , Siu Chung-Wah , Zhao Dong , Chen Ji-yan , Yu Dan-qing
Published: March 2022

Objective

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is the leading cause of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) despite advances in care. This study aims to derive and validate a risk score for in-hospital development of CS in patients with AMI.

Methods

In this study, we used the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China–Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC–ACS) registry of 76,807 patients for model development and internal validation. These patients came from 158 tertiary hospitals and 82 secondary hospitals between 2014 and 2019, presenting AMI without CS upon admission. The eligible patients with AMI were randomly assigned to derivation (n = 53,790) and internal validation (n = 23,017) cohorts. Another cohort of 2,205 patients with AMI between 2014 and 2016 was used for external validation. Based on the identified predictors for in-hospital CS, a new point-based CS risk scheme, referred to as the CCC–ACS CS score, was developed and validated.

Results

A total of 866 (1.1%) and 39 (1.8%) patients subsequently developed in-hospital CS in the CCC–ACS project and external validation cohort, respectively. The CCC–ACS CS score consists of seven variables, including age, acute heart failure upon admission, systolic blood pressure upon admission, heart rate, initial serum creatine kinase-MB level, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and mechanical complications. The area under the curve for in-hospital development of CS was 0.73, 0.71, and 0.85 in the derivation, internal validation and external validation cohorts, respectively.

Conclusion

This newly developed CCC–ACS CS score can quantify the risk of in-hospital CS for patients with AMI, which may help in clinical decision making.

Clinical Trial Registration

www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02306616.
Minireview: Transaortic Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Is There Still an Indication?
Authors: Stastny Lukas , Krapf Christoph , Dumfarth Julia , Gasser Simone , Bauer Axel , Friedrich Guy , Metzler Bernhard , Feuchtner Gudrun , Mayr Agnes , Grimm Michael , Bonaros Nikolaos
Published: March 2022

Transaortic (TAo) transcatheter aortic valve implantation has become a valid alternative access route in patients with unsuitable femoral arteries. The current literature does not allow to clearly favor one of the alternative access routes. Every approach has its specific advantages. Transaortic (TAo) access is of particular importance in the case of calcifications of the supra-aortic branches and the aortic arch, as under these circumstances other alternative access routes, such as transaxillary or transcarotid, are not feasible. The purpose of this minireview is to give an overview and update on TAo transcatheter aortic valve implantation focusing on indication, technical aspects, and recent clinical data.
A Case Series of Myocarditis Following Third (Booster) Dose of COVID-19 Vaccination: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Shiyovich Arthur , Witberg Guy , Aviv Yaron , Kornowski Ran , Hamdan Ashraf
Published: March 2022

Background

Myocarditis has been reported following the first two doses of Pfizer-BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination. Administration of a third dose (booster) of the vaccine was initiated recently in Israel.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients referred for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with myocarditis following the booster.

Methods

Patients referred for CMR imaging with a clinical diagnosis of myocarditis within 21 days following the booster, between July 13 and November 11, 2021, were analyzed.

Results

Overall, 4 patients were included, 3/4 (75%) were men, and the mean age was 27 ± 10 years. The time from booster administration to the onset of symptoms was 5.75 ± 4.8 days (range 2–14). Obstructive coronary artery disease was excluded in 3 of the patients (75%). CMR was performed 34 ± 15 days (range 8-47 days) following the 3rd vaccination. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 61 ± 7% (range 53–71%), and regional wall motion abnormalities were present in one of the patients. Global T1 was increased in one of the patients, while focal T1 values were increased in 3 of the patients. Global T2 was increased in one of the patients, while focal T2 values were increased in all the patients. Global ECV was increased in 3 of the patients, while focal ECV was increased in all the patients. Median late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was 4 ± 3% (range 1–9%), with the inferolateral segment as the most common location (3 of the 4 patients). All the patients met the Updated Lake Louise Criteria.

Conclusions

Patient characteristics and CMR imaging findings of myocarditis following the administration of the booster vaccine are relatively mild and consistent with those observed with the first two doses. Although larger-scale prospective studies are necessary, these initial findings are somewhat reassuring.
Factors Controlling the Spatial Distribution of Dissolved Organic Matter With Changes in the C/N Ratio From the Upper to Lower Reaches of the Ishikari River, Japan
Authors: Takaki Yuji , Hattori Keisuke , Yamashita Youhei
Published: March 2022

Dissolved organic matter (DOM), particularly dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), is an important source of energy and/or organic nutrients for heterotrophic microorganisms in rivers. Although various factors controlling the quantity and quality of stream and riverine DOM have been extensively studied, DON has been under-researched compared to dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The spatial distribution of DOC and DON concentrations with respect to the C/N ratio and DOM optical properties was investigated in the Ishikari River and its tributaries in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Here, the upper reaches are forested and the middle and lower reaches are encompassed by agricultural land, in particular paddy fields. Furthermore, dark incubation experiments were conducted using filtered riverine water (<0.7 µm) to determine the bioavailability of DOC and DON (particularly due to small microorganisms) considered as a factor controlling the spatial distribution. In the mainstream, DOC and DON concentrations increased with river flow in the upper and middle reaches and remained unchanged in the lower reaches. The C/N ratio of bulk DOM decreased continuously from the upper reaches to lower reaches. The optical properties exhibited changes in the DOM characteristics in terms of higher molecular weight and higher aromaticity from the upper to middle reaches, suggesting that flooded paddy fields largely altered the riverine DOM concentration and composition. In the lower reaches, the C/N ratio of the bulk DOM decreased with the river flow. However, according to principal component analysis, no changes were observed in the optical properties with river flow, suggesting that the C/N ratio of bulk DOM changed owing to in situ biological activity in the river. DOC biodegradation was observed at four sites in the upper and middle reaches but not at the two sites in the lower reaches. However, the DON concentration during the dark incubation experiments at all sites did not differ significantly, which implies that microbial degradation, particularly by small microorganisms, is a factor that decreased the C/N ratio of bulk DOM in the upper and middle reaches. In contrast, large microorganisms possibly degraded C-rich DOM to decrease the C/N ratio of bulk DOM in the lower reaches of the Ishikari River.
Numerical Investigation on Stratum and Surface Deformation in Underground Phosphorite Mining Under Different Mining Methods
Authors: Li Xiaoshuang , Wang Yunmin , Hu Yunjin , Zhou Changbing , Zhang He
Published: March 2022

With the ending of deep-concave open-pit phosphorite extractions and gradual exhausting of shallow mineral resources, stoping of phosphorite seams has entered or will enter into underground mining. Particularly for excavating slightly inclined thin and medium-thick phosphorite orebodies, roof and surface control under different mining methods is crucial for safe and efficient exploitations. In this study, the study area is located in Kunyang Phosphorite Mine characterized by slightly inclined thin and medium-thick deposits. Based on the occurrence conditions, orebody thickness, dip angle, and more factors, the mining methods of underground phosphorite are selected, including room and pillar mining, cement backfill mining, and caving mining. Numerical analysis on roof deformation and surface subsidence under the three methods is performed. The results show that the amount of roof and surface subsidence decreases successively by the caving method, room and pillar method, and cement backfill method. The maximum roof and surface subsidence by the caving method is 45.7 and 13.3 cm, respectively. Regarding shallow orebodies, the open-pit slope is obviously disturbed by the caving method and room and pillar mining method. Hence, slope displacement monitoring should be emphasized. Compared with the other two methods, the backfill mining method can use mined wastes as backfill materials and has less influence on the roof and surface during stoping and is better at controlling slope stability.
In Vivo Clearance of Apoptotic Debris From Tumor Xenografts Exposed to Chemically Modified Tetrac: Is There a Role for Thyroid Hormone Analogues in Efferocytosis?
Authors: Godugu Kavitha , Mousa Shaker A. , Glinsky Gennadi V. , Lin Hung-Yun , Davis Paul J.
Published: March 2022

Apoptosis is induced in cancer cells and tumor xenografts by the thyroid hormone analogue tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) or chemically modified forms of tetrac. The effect is initiated at a hormone receptor on the extracellular domain of plasma membrane integrin αvβ3. The tumor response to tetrac includes 80% reduction in size of glioblastoma xenograft in two weeks of treatment, with absence of residual apoptotic cancer cell debris; this is consistent with efferocytosis. The molecular basis for efferocytosis linked to tetrac is incompletely understood, but several factors are proposed to play roles. Tetrac-based anticancer agents are pro-apoptotic by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and differential effects on specific gene expression, e.g., downregulation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) gene and upregulation of pro-apoptotic chemokine gene, CXCL10. Tetrac also enhances transcription of chemokine CXCR4, which is relevant to macrophage function. Tetrac may locally control the conformation of phagocyte plasma membrane integrin αvβ3; this is a cell surface recognition system for apoptotic debris that contains phagocytosis signals. How tetrac may facilitate the catabolism of the engulfed apoptotic cell debris requires additional investigation.
Clinical Outcomes of In Vitro Maturation After Oocyte Retrieval With Gynecological Surgery for Refractory Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Wen , Liang Tingting , Han Bing , Yang Rui , Yang Shuo , Yang Yan , Zhang Jiajia , Zheng Xiaoying , Yan Jie , Ma Caihong , Song Xueling , Qiao Jie
Published: March 2022

Objective

To explore the clinical outcomes of unstimulated in vitro maturation (IVM) after oocyte retrieval with gynecological surgery (IVM-surgery) for refractory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and analyze the influencing factors.

Methods

Patients with refractory PCOS who underwent unstimulated IVM-surgery from June 2014 to September 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Matured IVM oocytes were freshly fertilized and subsequently frozen at the blastocyst stage. Frozen-thawed embryo transfer was then conducted according to the desire of patients. Oocytes and embryological outcomes, reproductive outcomes were evaluated. Influencing factors of oocytes and embryological outcomes were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predict value of serum hormone levels for oocytes and embryological outcomes.

Results

A total of 93 patients with refractory PCOS who underwent unstimulated IVM-surgery were included in this study.13 patients (13/85, 15.3%) had spontaneous pregnancy and live birth after surgery. 34 patients (34/93, 36.6%) obtained blastocysts and received embryo transfer, of which 13 patients (13/34, 38.2%) eventually achieved live birth by IVM. Higher anti-Mullerian hormone, antral follicle count and basal serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were strongly correlated with higher number of oocytes retrieved (P = 0.004, 0.004, 0.040, respectively). Higher basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and LH were significantly associated with higher oocyte maturation rate (P = 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively) and blastocyst formation (P = 0.036 and P = 0.003, respectively). There was a significant linear correlation between basal serum FSH and LH (r = 0.500, P <0.001). What is more, basal serum FSH and LH had predictive value for oocytes and embryological outcomes.

Conclusion

Unstimulated IVM-surgery provided the opportunity for both spontaneous pregnancy and assisted reproductive technology. Basal FSH and LH were significantly associated with oocyte maturation rate and blastocyst formation of unstimulated IVM-surgery.
Dispersal Risks and Decisions Shape How Non-kin Groups Form in a Tropical Silk-Sharing Webspinner (Insecta: Embioptera)
Authors: Edgerly Janice S.
Published: March 2022

Relying on silk can promote sharing, especially when its presence means life and its absence, quick death. In the case of Embioptera, they construct silken tubes and coverings exposed on tree bark in humid and warm environments or in leaf litter and underground in dry habitats. These coverings protect occupants from rain and natural enemies. Of note, adult females are neotenous, wingless and must walk to disperse. Evidence is pulled together from two sources to explore mechanisms that promote the establishment of non-kin groups that typify the neotropical Antipaluria urichi (Clothodidae): (1) a review of relevant information from 40 years of research to identify potential drivers of the facultative colonial system and (2) experimental and observational data exploring how dispersal contributes to group formation. To determine risks of dispersal and decisions of where to settle, adult females were released into the field and their ability to survive in the face of likely predation was monitored. Additional captured dispersers were released onto bark containing silk galleries; their decision to join the silk or to settle was noted. An experiment tested which attributes of trees attract a disperser: vertical or horizontal boles in one test and small, medium, or large boles in another. While walking, experimentally released adult female dispersers experienced a risk of being killed of approximately 25%. Dispersers orient to large diameter trees and join silk of others if encountered. These results align with observations of natural colonies in that adults and late-stage nymphs join existing colonies of non-kin. Experiments further demonstrated that dispersing females orient to vertical and larger diameter tree-like objects, a behavior that matched the distribution of field colonies. The ultimate reason for the observed dispersion pattern is probably because large trees support more expansive epiphytic algae and lichens (the food for this species), although the impact of food resources on dispersion has not been tested. Finally, further research questions and other webspinner species (including parthenogenetic ones) that warrant a closer look are described. Given that this group of primitively social insects, with approximately 1,000 species known, has remained virtually unstudied, one hope is that this report can encourage more exploration.
Population Genetics Reveals Invasion Origin of Coilia brachygnathus in the Three Gorges Reservoir of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Zhai Dongdong , Li Bo , Xiong Fei , Jiang Wei , Liu Hongyan , Luo Chenhao , Duan Xinbin , Chen Daqing
Published: March 2022

Non-indigenous fish invasions have posed a serious threat to global fish diversity and aquatic ecosystem security. Studying the invasion sources, pathways, and genetic mechanisms by means of population genetics is helpful in the management and control of non-indigenous fishes. In this study, we used mitochondrial Cyt b gene, D-Loop region and microsatellite markers to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of 12 Coilia brachygnathus populations from the native and invaded regions of the Yangtze River Basin in order to explore the invasion sources, pathways, and genetic mechanisms of C. brachygnathus in the Three Gorges Reservoir. The results showed that the main invasion sources of C. brachygnathus in the Three Gorges Reservoir were the Poyanghu Lake, Dongtinghu Lake, Changhu Lake, and other populations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The invasion pathway may have involved moving upstream through the operation of ship locks. The genetic diversity of C. brachygnathus in the invasive populations was significantly smaller than in the native populations, indicating a founder effect. The low genetic diversity did not affect the successful invasion, confirming that genetic diversity and successful invasion do not always have a simple causal relationship. These results can provide basic data for the prevention and control of C. brachygnathus in the Three Gorges Reservoir and study case for understanding the mechanism of invasion genetics.
The Role of Weather and Long-Term Prey Dynamics as Drivers of Wolf Population Dynamics in a Multi-Prey System
Authors: Borg Bridget L. , Schirokauer David W.
Published: March 2022

As climate change accelerates in northern latitudes, there is an increasing need to understand the role of climate in influencing predator-prey systems. We investigated wolf population dynamics and numerical response in Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska, United States from 1986 to 2016 under a long-term range of varying climatic conditions and in the context of prey vulnerability, abundance, and population structure using an integrated population modeling approach. We found that wolf natality, or the number of wolves added to packs, increased with higher caribou population size, calf:cow ratio, and hare numbers, responding to a 1-year lag. Apparent survival increased in years with higher calf:cow ratios and cumulative snowfall in the prior winter, indicators of a vulnerable prey base. Thus, indices of prey abundance and vulnerability led to responses in wolf demographics, but we did not find that the wolf population responded numerically. During recent caribou and moose population increases wolf natality increased yet wolf population size declined. The decline in wolf population size is attributed to fewer packs in recent years with a few very large packs as opposed to several packs of comparable size. Our results suggest that territoriality can play a vital role in our study area on regulating population growth. These results provide a baseline comparison of wolf responses to climatic and prey variability in an area with relatively low levels of human disturbance, a rare feature in wolf habitat worldwide.