bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radical ecclesiology: The church as an arena for reconciliation through cultivating alternative community
Authors: Hunter Danny
Published: December 2019

Rising tensions in communities around the world have created contexts of conflict to which the church has been challenged to respond with a theology of reconciliation. This, however, raises the question: What kind of communities do we need in order to create such a theology amid so much conflict? Drawing on an Anabaptist vision of the church as an “alternative community,” this article demonstrates how dislocation amid conflict allows the church to become an arena for reconciliation by creating neutral social space, crafting new social narratives, and exercising creative freedom.
Effect of Study Design and Survey Instrument to Identify the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes, 2000-2018: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Jusung , Callaghan Timothy , Ory Marcia , Zhao Hongwei , Foster Margaret , Bolin Jane N.
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Previous studies have used a variety of survey measurement options for evaluating the association between physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms, raising questions about the types of instruments and their effect on the association. This study aimed to identify measures of PA and depressive symptoms and findings of their association given diverse instruments and study characteristics in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods

Online databases, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched on July 20, 2018, and January 8, 2019. Our systematic review included observational studies from 2000 to 2018 that investigated the association between PA and depressive symptoms in T2DM.

Results

Of 2294 retrieved articles, 28 studies were retained in a focused examination and comparison of the instruments used. There were a range of standard measures, 10 for depressive symptoms and 7 for PA, respectively. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for depressive symptoms and study-specific methods for PA were the most popular. Overall, 71.9% found a significant association between PA and depressive symptoms. Among studies classified as high quality or reliability, the figure was 81.8%.

Conclusion

A majority of the sample found an association between depressive symptoms and PA, which is fairly consistent across study characteristics. The findings provide the evidence for the health benefits of PA on reducing depressive symptoms in persons with T2DM, suggesting active engagement in PA for effective diabetes management. However, guidelines for objective measurements and well-designed prospective studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base and rigor for the association and its directionality.
2017 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support
Authors: Beck Joni , Greenwood Deborah A. , Blanton Lori , Bollinger Sandra T. , Butcher Marcene K. , Condon Jo Ellen , Cypress Marjorie , Faulkner Priscilla , Fischl Amy Hess , Francis Theresa , Kolb Leslie E. , Lavin-Tompkins Jodi M. , MacLeod Janice , Maryniuk Melinda , Mensing Carolé , Orzeck Eric A. , Pope David D. , Pulizzi Jodi L. , Reed Ardis A. , Rhinehart Andrew S. , Siminerio Linda , Wang Jing
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to review the literature for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) to ensure the National Standards for DSMES (Standards) align with current evidence-based practices and utilization trends.

Methods

The 10 Standards were divided among 20 interdisciplinary workgroup members. Members searched the current research for diabetes education and support, behavioral health, clinical, health care environment, technical, reimbursement, and business practice for the strongest evidence that guided the Standards revision.

Results

Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support facilitates the knowledge, skills, and ability necessary for diabetes self-care as well as activities that assist a person in implementing and sustaining the behaviors needed to manage their condition on an ongoing basis. The evidence indicates that health care providers and people affected by diabetes are embracing technology, and this is having a positive impact of DSMES access, utilization, and outcomes.

Conclusion

Quality DSMES continues to be a critical element of care for all people with diabetes. The DSMES services must be individualized and guided by the concerns, preferences, and needs of the person affected by diabetes. Even with the abundance of evidence supporting the benefits of DSMES, it continues to be underutilized, but as with other health care services, technology is changing the way DSMES is delivered and utilized with positive outcomes.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Self-Serving Attribution Biases in the Competitive Context of Organized Sport
Authors: Allen Mark S. , Robson Davina A. , Martin Luc J. , Laborde Sylvain
Published: December 2019

This meta-analysis explored the magnitude of self-serving attribution biases for real-world athletic outcomes. A comprehensive literature search identified 69 studies (160 effect sizes; 10,515 athletes) that were eligible for inclusion. Inverse-variance weighted random-effects meta-analysis showed that sport performers have a tendency to attribute personal success to internal factors and personal failure to external factors ( k = 40, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.62), a tendency to attribute team success to factors within the team and team failure to factors outside the team ( k = 23, SMD = 0.63), and a tendency to claim more personal responsibility for team success and less personal responsibility for team failure ( k = 4, SMD = 0.28). There was some publication bias and heterogeneity in computed averages. Random effects meta-regression identified sample sex, performance level, and world-region as important moderators of pooled mean effects. These findings provide a foundation for theoretical development of self-serving tendencies in real-world settings.
Mapping digital communication systems: infrastructures, markets, and policies as regulatory forces
Authors: Flensburg Sofie , Lai Signe Sophus
Published: December 2019

This article presents a framework for mapping digital communication systems and thereby analyzing how and why structural conditions differ across national contexts. Following the ‘turn to infrastructure’ in Internet studies, we conceptualize communication systems as made of infrastructural, market, and policy structures that enable and constrain mediated communication in a given society. As opposed to media system analyses that typically focus on legacy media institutions, we take individual Internet users as our theoretical point of departure and ask how their communicative capabilities are regulated. In order to exemplify the application of the framework, we describe the methodological steps in a mapping of the components of the Danish communication system. In conclusion, we discuss the overall findings that the method uncovers and its implications for future comparative research.
Two-stage repair of DeBakey type IIIb aneurysm, using total arch replacement
Authors: Yanase Yosuke , Ito Toshiro , Arihara Ayaka , Ohkawa Akihito , Numaguchi Ryosuke , Sato Hiroshi , Yasuda Naomi , Kuroda Yosuke , Harada Ryo , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi
Published: December 2019

Background

Open repair for chronic DeBakey type IIIb dissecting aortic aneurysm is an invasive procedure involving open proximal anastomosis under hypothermic cardiac arrest, with significant morbidity in high-risk patients. We adopted a two-stage repair strategy using total arch replacement with the elephant trunk technique, which enables aortic crossclamping and avoids open proximal anastomosis at the second-stage graft replacement through a left thoracotomy.

Methods

From January 2008 to October 2018, we performed DeBakey type IIIb dissecting aortic aneurysm repair in 76 cases, and compared the results of two-stage repair (group 1, 25 cases) and single-stage repair using graft replacement with open proximal anastomosis through a left thoracotomy (group 2, 31 cases).

Results

In group 1, the elephant trunk technique was successful in all cases. The second intervention included endovascular repair (13 cases) and graft replacement through a left thoracotomy (7 cases). Five cases were followed up conservatively because the false lumen was thrombosed after the elephant trunk technique. Aorta-related adverse events were seen in 5 cases in group 1 (1 re-dissection, 1 rupture, 2 stent-graft-induced new entries, 1 stent-graft migration) and 6 in group 2 (1 additional thoracic endovascular aortic repair, 1 rupture, 4 acute type A aortic dissections). There were no statistical differences between the two groups regarding aorta-related adverse events and death. The postoperative course was acceptable in both groups.

Conclusions

Single-stage repair with open proximal anastomosis is an option in patients not at high risk for invasive surgery, while two-stage repair is recommended for high-risk patients.
Ethnic Identity Impact on Consumers’ Ethnocentric Tendencies: The Moderating Role of Acculturation and Materialism
Authors: Das Manish , Mukherjee Debarshi
Published: December 2019

In the era of globalization and technological advancements, ethnic identity (EID) is creating both opportunities as well as challenges for domestic and international marketers in formulating suitable marketing and branding strategies. This study attempts to investigate the role of EID in shaping consumers’ ethnocentric tendencies (CET). By analyzing data obtained from 385 surveys completed by Indian consumers, the study assessed the association of EID dimensions and consumer ethnocentrism. The findings showed that Association with Local Culture, Preserving Local Culture, Feelings towards Local Culture and Local Interpersonal Relationship enhance consumers’ CET. Materialism strengthens the effects of association for three EID dimensions and ethnocentrism, whereas acculturation weakens the association for three dimensions of EID. This study contributes to the literature, especially in the understanding of social identity theory. Practically, the findings are useful to marketers and retailers dealing with consumers in India in formulating their cultural branding strategies.
Effect of Company Characteristics on Human Resource Disclosure Index: Empirical Evidences from Indian Corporates
Authors: Aggarwal Kirti , Verma Anju
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

The purpose of the present research article is to know the extent of Human Resource (HR) disclosure practices and effects of various independent variables on HR disclosure practices in selected Indian listed companies.

Design/methodology/approach:

Initially, Human Resource Disclosure Index (HRDI) of 91 items is constructed for 63 companies listed on the NSE-100 index. After that, the effect of various independent variables is analyzed on HRDI. Finally, independent variables are regressed with HRDI to find the important independent variables which influences the HRDI. The relationship between industry type and HR disclosure has been studied using one-way ANOVA and the comparison between public and private sector has been studied using the Mann–Whitney U test.

Findings:

The findings of the study show that net fixed assets, net sales, market capitalization, earnings per share (EPS), the debt–equity ratio and total number of pages of an annual report have a significant effect on HRDI. The remaining variables show insignificant association with HRDI. HRDI has been reported differently by different industries, while public and private companies do not differ in case of HR disclosure practices.

Originality/value:

This study provides the valuable information and contributes in existing literature. The HR disclosure index created in this study may be utilized by the companies as a benchmark to enhance their HR disclosure in future.
The Connections of Parole and Probation Agent Communication Patterns With Female Offenders’ Job-Seeking Self-Efficacy
Authors: Roddy Ariel L. , Morash Merry
Published: December 2019

Using subsamples of 130 and 96 women on probation and parole, this research explores the direct effect of the supervising agent’s communication patterns on client job-seeking self-efficacy. It also tests for the mediating effect through client psychological reactance, which is a feeling that one’s freedoms are threatened. Agent and client reports of a conformity pattern of communication were associated with lower levels of job-seeking self-efficacy. Client reactance mediated this relationship. Agent and client reports of a conversational pattern of communication were associated with increased job-seeking self-efficacy. The results suggest that conformity-oriented communication should be avoided because of its potential to increase reactance and to promote low job-seeking self-efficacy. In contrast, conversational communication appears to have more positive effects on job-seeking self-efficacy. Findings highlight communication as a pathway through which agents can improve behavioral outcomes for women offenders searching for work.
Negotiating the Maximum-Security Offender Identity: Experiences From Incarcerated Women
Authors: Qhogwana Sibulelo
Published: December 2019

The representation of women classified as maximum-security offenders continues to be a challenge due to paucity of research regarding their experiences. Generally, their stories are masked under the experiences of the other categories of incarcerated women. Drawing from a larger study conducted with incarcerated women in a South African correctional centre in Johannesburg, in this article I provide a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews on the lived experiences of negotiating the maximum-security offender identity by 13 women. The results suggest that the maximum-security offender identity is associated with rejection, dehumanisation, denial of agency, restricted movement, and labelling. The article also highlights the significance of providing agency to incarcerated women in deconstructing stereotypes that represent them as angry and uneducated with no value to society. A more balanced repositioning of their stories emerges as they get an opportunity to construct their own experiences.
Exploring the Association Between Work–Family Conflict and Job Involvement
Authors: Liu Jianhong , Lambert Eric G. , Kelley Thomas , Zhang Jinwu , Jiang Shanhe
Published: December 2019

Past research among U.S. correctional staff has found that work–family conflict has negative outcomes such as decreasing job satisfaction, decreasing organizational commitment, and increasing job stress. Little empirical research has addressed the association of the specific types of work–family conflict with job involvement. The present study contributes to the literature by separately analyzing the relationship of the four specific major types of work–family conflict (time-based conflict, strain-based conflict, behavior-based conflict, and family-on-work conflict) with job involvement among surveyed staff at two Chinese prisons. Job involvement varied by the type of work–family conflict. Specifically, time-based conflict and strain-based conflict had nonsignificant association with job involvement, but behavior-based and family-based conflicts had significant negative associations.
Older Cannabis Users Are Not All Alike: Lifespan Cannabis Use Patterns
Authors: Arora Kanika , Qualls Sara H. , Bobitt Julie , Milavetz Gary , Kaskie Brian
Published: December 2019

Although several studies have examined individual-level correlates of cannabis use in later life, there is scant evidence identifying heterogeneity among older users. Using data from Colorado, this study examines variability in lifespan patterns of cannabis use among individuals aged 60 years and older. Sample respondents reported cannabis use in the past year and frequency of use in four periods of adulthood. Analyses used a multi-way contingency table to identify mutually exclusive subgroups of cannabis users based on lifetime reports of use and linear probability models to identify predictors of group identity. Three subgroups of older cannabis users were identified: new users, stop-out or intermittent users, and consistent users. The three groups varied on current use frequency and method of ingestion, as well as social and health characteristics. Screening for past history of cannabis use may help health care providers identify older adults who need health information and monitoring related to cannabis use.
Modelling waste generated during construction of buildings using regression analysis
Authors: Teixeira Eduardo de Carvalho , González Marco Aurélio Stumpf , Heineck Luiz Fernando Mälmann , Kern Andrea Parisi , Bueno Guilherme Manfredini
Published: December 2019

The building industry is responsible for a large amount of waste, and the measurement and modelling of this waste could be used to develop better waste management plans. Several theoretical models explain the relationships between waste and building characteristics, but local practices may result in different behaviours. This study aimed to measure and analyse the waste generated through construction. It was based on the analysis of 18 building sites located in the region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Waste was measured at these sites, and the results showed an average waste generation rate of 0.151 m3 m-2. A regression analysis of the collected data presented a satisfactory performance in two models. The first model was developed to explain total waste generation, including the effects of certain attributes, with an R2 = 0.81. The changes in waste generated during construction were estimated. The second model considered time schedules and examined the effect of the construction stage on waste generation, and reached an R2 = 0.91. The model with time indicated an S-shaped relationship. The models presented satisfactory statistical parameters and could be used to produce better waste management plans in the preconstruction stage.
Active Aging and Learning Outcomes: What Can Older People Learn From Participation?
Authors: Villar Feliciano , Serrat Rodrigo , Celdrán Montserrat , Pinazo Sacramento
Published: December 2019

Although the concept of “active aging” has been widely used as a framework to underpin an optimistic view of aging, few studies have focused on the activities it encompasses and what participants learn. The aim of this study was to explore and compare the learning outcomes acquired from different active aging activities. A sample of 448 people aged 60 years and older participated in the study. The vast majority of participants stated that they had learned something valuable from their involvement in the active aging activity. Content analysis showed two main types of learning: self-focused learning and other-focused learning, whose frequency differed depending on the activity in which participants were engaged. The results of this study show the complexity of the concept of active aging and the need to diversify actions to promote each of the activities included in this framework, based on the type of learning acquired.
Historical Foundations and Enduring Fundamentals of American Religious Freedom
Authors: Witte John
Published: December 2019

The eighteenth-century American founders believed that religion is special and deserves special constitutional protection, and that all peaceable faiths must be drawn into the constitutional process and protection. The founders introduced six constitutional principles for the protection of religious freedom: freedom of conscience, free exercise of religion, religious pluralism, religious equality, separation of church and state, and no state establishment of religion. Since the 1940s, the United States Supreme Court has upheld these religious freedom principles in more than 170 cases, albeit unevenly of late. Moreover, in recent years religious freedom has come under sharp popular and academic attack, particularly as religious pathologies have come to light and religious freedom claims have clashed with sexual liberty claims. This article calls for a return to the first principles of religious freedom for all, at home and abroad, and for a new balance between religious freedom and other fundamental rights claims.
Boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a horizontal flat plate in a Darcy porous medium: A Lie group approach
Authors: Ferdows M , Nabwey Hossam A , Rashad AM , Uddin MJ , Alzahrani Faris
Published: December 2019

This research paper addresses the two-dimensional steady laminar incompressible free convective flow of a nanofluid past a horizontal plate saturated in the porous medium, where both the thermal and the mass convective boundary conditions are taken into consideration. Mathematical modeling via similarity transformations (which was developed using one-parameter continuous group of transformation) was applied to obtain a reduced mathematical model, which describes the problem. The solutions of the reduced system were obtained by a numerical method called the fourth- and fifth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with the aid of computational software called Maple version 13. The resulting distributions of dimensionless temperature, velocity, and nanoparticle volume fraction are studied graphically to demonstrate the effect of pertinent parameters. Moreover, some of the new findings are shown in graphs. An excellent agreement was found after comparing the results with the previous literature, which assures the validity of the analysis. It is found that the flow is accelerated with an increase in thermal and mass convective parameters. Temperature and concentration are enhanced for rising values of (thermal and concentration) conjugate parameters.
Theory construction in the psychopathology domain: A multiphase approach
Authors: Hawkins-Elder Hannah , Ward Tony
Published: December 2019

Our understanding of mental disorders is facilitated by our theoretical explanations of them. At present, these explanations are practically and theoretically insufficient; possessing widespread conceptual issues (e.g., lack of richness and specificity) and producing therapeutic treatments that lack effectiveness. In our view, one reason for such issues is that we are currently without a systematic method for the construction of these explanations. We therefore present to the reader the Phenomena Detection Method for Theory Construction (PDM-TC), a preliminary systematic framework for the construction of psychopathological explanation comprising three phases: (a) selecting an appropriate explanatory target, (b) developing a rich compositional description, and (c) developing a quality etiological explanation. Using theories of eating disorders as a sustained example, we demonstrate how current explanations of psychopathology execute the tasks associated with each of these phases insufficiently and how the conceptual issues they evidence can be ameliorated by the PDM-TC framework.
Enjoying sad music: A test of the prolactin theory
Authors: Ladinig Olivia , Brooks Charles , Hansen Niels Chr. , Horn Katelyn , Huron David
Published: December 2019

Philosophers have long wrestled with the apparent paradox of the enjoyment of negative emotional portrayals in the arts. An example of this apparent paradox is the enjoyment among some listeners of nominally sad music. An experiment is reported in which 39 participants listened to sad and happy music while serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations were measured. The purpose of the experiment was to test an a priori theory, proposed by Huron, that liking sad music is mediated by elevated PRL levels. Contrary to the theory, sad music did not result in a significant increase in PRL; nor was the pleasure of listening to sad music associated with increased PRL. Nominally happy music did result in a decrease of PRL, especially for those participants who most prefer happy music over sad music. The effect was greatest for those who score high on a measure of loneliness. Consistent with other studies, the degree of liking sad music over happy music was found to correlate with trait openness to experience, although this effect was not echoed in PRL levels. Post-hoc analyses indicate that PRL decreases were most marked for male listeners and those who score high on a loneliness measure. In general, the results are not consistent with the theory proposed by Huron.
Active damping of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of smart composite shells using elliptical smart constrained layer damping treatment with fractional derivative viscoelastic layer
Authors: Sahoo Soumya Ranjan
Published: December 2019

In this article, the performance of elliptical smart constrained layer damping treatments on active damping of geometrically nonlinear vibrations of doubly curved smart laminated composite shells is analyzed. The constraining layers of the smart constrained layer damping treatments comprised vertically/obliquely reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composites, while the constrained layers of isotropic viscoelastic materials are modeled using the three-dimensional fractional order derivative model. A mesh-free model of the smart composite shells is developed for analyzing their nonlinear transient responses within the framework of a layerwise shear and normal deformation theory considering the von Kármán–type geometric nonlinearity. Thin, doubly curved laminated composite shells integrated with elliptical/rectangular smart constrained layer damping patches with different stacking sequences and boundary conditions are considered for presenting the numerical results. The numerical analyses demonstrate the higher effectiveness of the elliptical smart constrained layer damping treatments over the rectangular ones in attenuating the nonlinear vibrations of laminated composite shells.
Multi-mode piezoelectric shunt damping with residual mode correction by evaluation of modal charge and voltage
Authors: Toftekær Johan Frederik , Høgsberg Jan
Published: December 2019

A resonant, piezoelectric shunt tuning procedure is based on the limiting eigenvalue problems associated with short and open circuiting of the piezoelectric domains attached to a vibrating structure. Whereas short circuit and open circuit frequencies are directly obtained from the eigenvalues, the associated electrical equation further determines a modal charge as an short circuit reaction force and a new modal voltage from the electric deflection in the open circuit limit. By a modal representation with short circuit mode shapes the structural equation fully decomposes, while the inherent contributions from non-resonant vibration modes in the corresponding electrical equation consistently define an effective modal capacitance, conveniently estimated by the modal charge to voltage ratio. The shunt tuning is obtained from the governing characteristic equation for the targeted vibration mode, in which the residual mode correction is explicitly represented by the effective modal capacitance. The tuning procedure with an effective modal capacitance is generalized to multiple piezoelectric domains with independent shunts for simultaneous damping of multiple vibration modes. The accuracy of the proposed shunt tuning methods is demonstrated by a numerical beam example with three piezoceramic patch pairs and independent resistive–inductive shunts. The analysis is carried out in a commercial finite element program, in which the required modal frequencies, charge and voltage are readily available as output to the short circuit and open circuit eigenvalue problems.
The Identification of Family Social Environment Typologies Using Latent Class Analysis: Implications for Future Family-Focused Research
Authors: Lee Jiwoo , Kubik Martha Y. , Fulkerson Jayne A. , Kohli Nidhi , Garwick Ann E.
Published: December 2019

The family social environment is the first environment that a child experiences and has implications for children’s health. However, the majority of family social environment measures do not account for its complexity. There is a need for novel approaches for assessing the family social environment that transcends the traditional way of measuring family composition and interaction. The purpose of this secondary data analysis research was to identify distinct family social environment typologies that consider both family composition and interaction and to describe the characteristics of the identified family social environment typologies. A series of latent class analysis results indicated three distinct typologies of family social environment with significant differences in family composition, family problem-solving skills, and demographic characteristics. The process used to identify the typologies and significant differences between the typologies showcases how the field could advance family-focused research by considering family composition and interaction.
Failure analysis and bending performance of carbon fiber composite sandwich structures with corrugated cores
Authors: Yu Ye , Hou Wen-bin , Hu Ping , Yang Huihui , Jia Xiuxian
Published: December 2019

In recent years, composite materials have been more widely used in sandwich structures, which have been proved better performance in sandwich structures than other materials in some cases. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to predict the key stress, failure modes, and failure loads of the composite corrugated-core sandwich structures under three-point bending in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Then a three-dimensional finite element model by using Hashin’s model to predict fiber composite laminates and cohesive zone model to predict extra epoxy layer of fiber composite laminates is developed and validated by the corresponding experiments. The analytical model is also validated through both simulation and experiment. Finally, the failure mechanism maps and effects of orientation angles on failure have been further studied based on the analytical model.
Buckling and crushing behavior of foam-core hybrid composite sandwich columns under quasi-static edgewise compression
Authors: Eyvazian Arameh , Taghizadeh Seyed Ahmad , Hamouda Abdel Magid , Tarlochan Faris , Moeinifard Majid , Gobbi Massimiliano
Published: December 2019

Buckling and crushing behavior of foam-core hybrid composite sandwich columns under edgewise compressive load is dealt in this study. Composite laminates with different stacking sequence configurations made of glass and Dyneema-woven fabrics and AL 2024-T3 sheets were used in combination of polyvinyl chloride foam core to manufacture the specimens. Effects of face sheet thickness and stacking sequence configuration, slenderness ratio, boundary conditions, and sandwich reinforcement with through-thickness resin pins on the buckling and crushing behavior of the specimens were investigated. The results revealed that using the resin pins changes the unstable Euler buckling mode to a more stable progressive end-crushing and significantly increases the buckling load, specific buckling load, and energy absorption capability, which are highly favorable. Also, the results showed that in the specimens with fiber metal laminates, the major failure modes are face sheet-core debonding and face sheet delamination. However, based on the results, specimen with hybrid face sheets made from Dyneema fabrics and aluminum plates has the highest buckling load as well as the highest specific buckling load. Also, a specific fixture was designed to laterally clamp the sandwich column which causes a reduction in the probability of specimen end-crushing and significantly increases the buckling load.
Adhesive contact of a diamond sphere with an iron substrate caused by interatomic interaction
Authors: Zeng Yi , Wang Zhanjiang , Qin Na , Jiang Liang , Du Wenhao , Qian Linmao
Published: December 2019

By incorporating the adhesive force as a body force in the finite element method, the adhesive contact between a diamond sphere and the iron substrate is studied. The adhesive force is derived from Morse potential by integrating the pair potential function over the spherical domain. Based on the tensile behaviors of iron nanowires, the elastic and elastoplastic material parameters are obtained for the substrate. As the radius of the sphere is larger than 320 nm and the maximum depth of indentation is one-tenth of the radius of the sphere, the adhesion caused by interatomic interaction between diamond and iron is small enough to ignore. Then take the sphere whose radius is 20 nm as an example, the results of a single load–unload cycle and multiple load–unload cycles are discussed. In the contact process between the sphere and the surface, the phenomena jump-to-contact and jump-off-contact were observed. Further, the stress distributions inside the substrate and the pressure distribution are investigated. With the analysis of the results, the proposed method can be used to simulate the mechanical behaviors under micro-nano scale contact.
The acoustic designer: Joining soundscape and architectural acoustics in architectural design education
Authors: Milo Alessia
Published: December 2019

This article discusses the integration of acoustic design approaches into architectural design education settings. Solving architectural acoustic problems has been for centuries one of the primary aims of theories and experiments in acoustics. Recent contributions offered by the soundscape approach have highlighted broader desirable aims which acoustic designers should pursue, fostering ecological reasoning on the acoustic environment and its perception as a whole. Drawing from the available literature, some examples are brought to show the integration of architectural acoustics and soundscape approaches into the realm of architectural design education, highlighting the significance of specific design situations and aural training techniques in learning contexts.
Managing risk and self-harm: Keeping young people safe
Authors: Westers Nicholas J , Plener Paul L
Published: December 2019

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents worldwide, yet adequate mental health services for children and adolescents are lacking across the globe. Likewise, youth who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are at heightened risk for suicide, but few pediatric settings have established protocols for screening and responding to youth who engage in NSSI and/or endorse thoughts of suicide. In this article, we highlight similarities and differences of managing suicide and NSSI across cultures, including persisting stigma associated with youth at risk for self-harm. We summarize current guidelines for screening youth at risk for suicide and NSSI across services, consider the use of online and telehealth services, and offer recommendations for a multidisciplinary approach to treating youth who engage in self-harming behaviors as well as how healthcare professionals can communicate with each other using common, non-stigmatizing language. We conclude with a discussion of future policy recommendations and areas for research.
Effects of narrow listening on ESL learners’ pronunciation and fluency: An ‘MP3 flood’ programme turning mundane homework into an engaging hobby
Authors: Tsang Art
Published: December 2019

While most empirical studies have investigated the improvement of learners’ L2 spoken proficiency via speaking-related interventions, the present study examined the same topic through a different modality: listening. Ninety-five first-year tertiary-level students of English as a second language (ESL) in Hong Kong participated in this three-month experiment. They were separated randomly into three groups: (A) narrow listening with latitude for learners to choose their own materials; (B) narrow listening without such latitude; and (C) a control group without narrow listening. All participants attended a compulsory course on English phonology. Narrow listening was set as homework for the two experimental groups A and B. The overall results indicated that groups A and B improved significantly more than group C in pronunciation and fluency in reading aloud, performing a dialogue, and free production. There were also differences between group A and B in these tasks. The participants were generally highly positive about the narrow listening set as homework. This article ends with a discussion of the findings from theoretical and pedagogical perspectives.
Effect of transverse clamping force on the tensile behavior of a novel pultruded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer joint: Fatigue test
Authors: Gao Jiangang , Zhao Qilin , Liu Jinchun , Chen Li
Published: December 2019

A novel pultruded carbon fiber–reinforced polymer connection technique for civil engineering that is called pre-tightened single tooth joint has been proven to have good static properties. To investigate the fatigue behavior of the joint, a series of laboratory experiments were carried out. The effects of load level and transverse clamping force on the fatigue behavior were estimated. Experimental results of this work implied that a fatigue life of 1 million as the maximum cyclic load is equal to approximately 83% of the static tensile ultimate bearing capacity. The transverse clamping force could slow down the propagation rate of fatigue crack and significantly improve the fatigue life. Based on the analysis of the hysteresis loops, a small increase in stiffness during the initial loading stage and only about 1%–4% stiffness degradation until fracture were found.
Analytical methods for the assessment of hanger forces of a suspension bridge based on measured main cable configuration
Authors: Zhang Wen-ming , Tian Gen-min , Zhao Hai-xia , Wang Zhi-wei , Liu Zhao
Published: December 2019

The accurate measurement of the hanger tensile forces of suspension bridges is crucial for construction control and bridge maintenance. However, the commonly used vibration frequency method is not applicable to the short-hanger force assessment. The configuration of the main cable of a suspension bridge is closely related to hanger forces so that the main cable configuration can reflect the hanger forces. Based on the multi-segment catenary theory, this study proposed an analytical algorithm for the reverse assessment of hanger forces based on the measured configuration data of the main cable. First, the relationship between the hanger force and two critical parameters, that is, the horizontal force of the main cable and the catenary parameter, is established, in which the influence of the saddle arc on the main cable configuration is considered. Then, the horizontal force of the main cable is used as the breakthrough point, and a geometric condition (measuring the coordinates of a non-hanging point on the main cable) or a mechanical condition (measuring the tension of a long hanger by the vibration frequency method) is added. Using the nonlinear generalized reduced gradient method, the nonlinear equations are solved, and all hanger forces are identified. The proposed method feasibility and effectiveness are proved using a suspension bridge with a main span of 730 m as an example. The results show that the algorithm of adding a mechanical condition is lower in sensitivity, less affected by the accuracy of the additional condition, higher in precision, and easier to control, comparing to that of adding a geometric condition. Meanwhile, the horizontal force of the main cable and each hanger force exhibit a nearly perfect linear correlation.
Fat Indigenous Bodies and Body Sovereignty: An Exploration of Re-presentations
Authors: Gillon (Ngāti Awa) Ashlea
Published: December 2019

This article explores re-representations of fat Indigenous bodies and subsequently the ways in which access becomes restricted through multiple systems of oppression and biopower. I suggest a move away from body positivity movements in favour of body sovereignty as a response to racism, sexism, fatism and biopolitics. While body sovereignty and Indigenous sovereignty are not mutually exclusive, and body sovereignty is not a new phenomenon in Indigenous communities, it is proposed as a means to seek equitable rights of access for all bodies, particularly marginalised bodies. A Kaupapa Māori and Mana Wāhine perspective on body sovereignty is outlined and a discussion around how these understandings can conflict with societal messages is touched upon also. Utilising an account of Hine-Nui-Te-Pō, this article explores re-presentations of Indigenous women and our bodies.
Toward a humanistic turn for a more ethical journalism
Authors: Parks Perry
Published: December 2019

This article argues that the social scientific epistemology that has dominated journalism for the past half-century has devalued the moral implications of public affairs and deprived citizens of the ethical tools necessary to make humane political decisions. Reviewing the contingent history of the integration of journalistic and social scientific methods leading to journalism’s computational turn, the essay calls for a humanistic reconceptualization away from journalists’ role as political interpreters toward a comparable role as moral interpreters.
Insight into nucleophilic fragmentation mechanisms by glutamic acid side chain in singly protonated glutathione and related peptidyl ions
Authors: Fan Liqun , Wang Jinhu , Liu Chunli , Shi Tiesheng , Zhang Xian-Man , Xia Yanqing , Fan Lina , Liu Yang
Published: December 2019

Fragmentation mechanisms of the singly protonated glutathione ( γ-ECG) and its synthetic analogue peptides (ECG and PPECG) have been investigated by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations. In the mass spectra, similar fragmentation patterns were observed for γ-ECG and ECG, but a completely different one was found in the case of PPECG. The E–C amide bond cleavage is the predominant pathway for the fragmentation of γ-ECG and ECG, whereas the additional N-terminal prolyl residues in PPECG significantly suppress the E–C amide bond cleavage. Theoretical calculations reveal that the fragmentation efficiencies of the E–C bonds in the protonated γ-ECG and ECG are much higher than that in the protonated PPECG, being attributed to their lower barriers of the potential energy; clearly the introduction of two prolyl residues can increase substantially the potential energy barrier. In the proposed mechanism, the protonated E–C amide bonds in the three peptides are first weakened followed by a nucleophilic addition by the glutamyl carboxyl oxygen atom in side chain, leading to the breaking of the E–C amide bonds. However, the processes of E–C bond fragmentation for three protonated analogs were not collaborative. Protonated amide bonds first fragment, then the nucleophilic addition by the side chain of glutamyl carboxyl oxygen atom takes places. On the other hand, the prolyl residues in PPECG can largely diminish the nucleophilic addition, resulting in a much lower efficiency of its E–C amide bond breaking. Distance analysis indicates that breaking the E–C amide bonds in the protonated γ-ECG, ECG, and PPECG ions could not occur without the assistance from the nucleophilic attack, highlighting an asynchronous collaborative process in the bond breakings.
‘Artefactual anchoring’ of strategic spatial planning as persuasive storytelling
Authors: Mäntysalo Raine , Olesen Kristian , Granqvist Kaisa
Published: December 2019

This article examines the coordinative capacity of strategic spatial planning conducted as persuasive storytelling. It suggests that spatial imaginaries and metaphors developed in storytelling gain coordinative capacity when they perform as boundary objects. Boundary objects are conceptually flexible to lend themselves to the stakeholders’ varying interpretations, and artefactually robust to provide joint targets and tools for coordinated strategic action. This is demonstrated with the example of Aalborg, Denmark, where the spatial imaginary of the ‘growth axis’ and the associated boundary object of the light rail transit/bus rapid transit spine have played important communicative and coordinative roles in the city’s spatial strategy of transitioning from an industrial city to a knowledge and culture city. The aim of the Aalborg example is to illustrate the feasibility and relevance of the theoretical approach, developed in the article, for future case research.
Monitoring of concrete curing using the electromechanical impedance technique: review and path forward
Authors: Lim Yee Yan , Smith Scott T , Padilla Ricardo Vasquez , Soh Chee Kiong
Published: December 2019

The ability to monitor the strength development of early-age concrete is an important capability in the laboratory and in the field. Accurate and reliable in situ measurements can inform the appropriate time for removal of formwork and loading of structural elements, as well as determination of batch quality. The piezoelectric-based electromechanical impedance technique is emerging as a viable option for such monitoring needs. The first research articles on the topic started to appear in 2005, and since then, the research field has advanced and has grown in popularity. This article therefore presents the first state-of-the-art review of the topic to date. In this article, existing research is reviewed and sorted into key themes while critical developments as well as knowledge gaps are identified. The topics addressed range from miniaturization of hardware, methods of installation, incorporation of wireless technology, modeling, data interpretation, signal processing, influence of curing, and environmental conditions to a wide range of other practical issues. Previous studies have indicated that the electromechanical impedance technique has the potential to be developed into an autonomous and remote monitoring system, capable of predicting the strength development of early-age concrete structures in real time. An end game is therefore the realization of this capability. Appropriate comments are therefore also provided in this article about this goal. Researchers interested in venturing into this research area shall find this article a useful introduction as well as a state-of-the-art assessment. In addition, the identified research gaps can inform projects for more experienced research teams.
Ultrasonic guided wave monitoring of an operational rail track
Authors: Loveday Philip W , Long Craig S , Ramatlo Dineo A
Published: December 2019

An experimental monitoring system was installed on an operational heavy haul rail track. The system used two piezoelectric transducers mounted under the head of the rail to transmit and receive ultrasonic guided waves in pulse-echo mode and data were captured over a 2-week period. An artificial defect was introduced by glueing a small mass under the head of the rail at a distance of 370 m from the transducers. The size of the signal reflected by the mass varied as the glue joint deteriorated. The measurements were reordered to simulate a monotonically growing defect. The pre-processing of the captured time signals included averaging, filtering, phased array processing, dispersion compensation, signal stretching and amplitude scaling. Singular value decomposition and independent component analysis of the data were performed. Independent component analysis, with dimension reduction achieved by retaining only the larger principal components, produced the best defect detection. The defect signature was separated as an independent component, and the weight of this component increased monotonically. The results indicate that a transverse defect in the rail head could be detected and located at long range by a system comprising only two transducers. The variation of the signals due to changing environmental and operational conditions limits the size of defect that can be detected, but it is expected that even a relatively small defect, which is significantly smaller than the critical size, would be detected.