bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoenvironmental justification for determining the nature conservation potential of areas
Authors: Drygval P , Stanis E , Karpukhina E
Published: December 2021

In article the geoenvironmental approach offered by authors to an estimation of environmental conservation potential of natural area is presented. The basic estimation criteria are revealed and justified. An estimation of environmental conservation potential is carried out on the basis of estimation criteria which characterize natural area in terms of determining of its natural potential. It is proposed to use the following main factors in the assessment of the environmental conservation potential: geodiversity, dangerous natural phenomena, biodiversity and anthropogenic pressure. These factors are used by various authors for the assessment of separate types of environmental conservation potentials. For each factor their use in the complex geoenvironmental approach in an estimation of environmental conservation potential of areas is justified. In paper it is marked, that the offered approach of an estimation of environmental conservation potential of natural area is partly universal in use and allows entering additional criteria of estimation within each factor.
Environmental safety monitoring of heavy metals accumulation in some species of Sambucus L.
Authors: Sorokopudov V N , Sorokopudova O A , Trusov N A , Pachukova N G , Bamatov I M
Published: December 2021

The aim in this work was to monitor heavy metals in plants of elderberry species. The objective of the research was to identify the actual concentrations of heavy metals in the fruits and leaves of the studied elderberry species. The need to determine deviations in the content of heavy metals in various parts of plants arose because the current ecological situation in Belgorod’s area requires special attention. The presence and concentration of heavy metals in different elderberry species and different parts of plants vary greatly and have the following features. Increased magnesium content was observed in almost all elderberry species, especially in red-fruited (Sambucus racemosa ‘Aurea’, S. sibirica Nakai, S. racemosa L., S. racemosa ‘Plumosa’, S. coreana Nakai), And its concentration much higher in fruits than in leaves. The highest deviation of the magnesium content from the norm was noted in the fruits and leaves of S. sibirica (2 and 1.5 times, respectively). Black elderberry species (S. nigra L., S. canadensis L., S. canadensis ‘Plumosa’) have a lower magnesium concentration in fruits and leaves. On the other hand, the concentration of copper in fruits and leaves in elderberry species is many times higher than the norm.
Changes in agrochemical indicators in an agricultural landscape with sod-podzolic soils against the background of the use of non-traditional fertilizers
Authors: Chebykina E V , Kotyak P A , Taran T V , Voronin A N
Published: December 2021

The results of changes in agrochemical indicators in an agricultural landscape with sod-podzolic soils against the background of the use of non-traditional fertilizers in the Yaroslavl region are presented. A consequence of the intensive development of poultry farming and greenhouse farming in the region is not only an increase in the volume of basic products, but also the accumulation of production waste, such as poultry manure in poultry farming and used mats of the greenhouse economy. Both types of waste are environmentally hazardous and require special care when disposing of them. One of the options for solving the problem may be the processing of waste into a granular organic-mineral substrate. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of unconventional fertilizers was carried out in a 3-factor stationary field experiment while simultaneously studying the systems of basic soil cultivation and plant protection. The studies have shown that the developed organomineral fertilizer, created from waste chicken manure and mineral mats, does not have a negative effect on the agrochemical indicators of soil fertility and can be recommended for production.
Assessment of the applicability of methodological guidelines and guidelines for the quantitative determination of greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Ulysheva N , Karanina E , Baldesku E
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the problem of climate change. The aim of the study is to analyze and improve methodological recommendations for calculating greenhouse gas emissions. The urgency of reducing the volume of greenhouse gas emissions has been substantiated. Statistical data of emissions volumes are analyzed, the reason for the growth of emissions and the main contributors are determined. The main gases that give the greenhouse effect are identified, and their brief characteristics are given. The need to improve the monitoring and reporting system of greenhouse gas emissions at the global level has been substantiated. The goal of a perfect system for accounting and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions is to timely obtain relevant data for the systematic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The methodological tools for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions, approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Russia, are analyzed from the point of view of their applicability by organizations. Measures for their improvement are proposed, based on the international experience of building guidelines for the IPCC greenhouse gas inventory. The results obtained may be of interest to energy companies when developing corporate guidelines for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions.
The changes in the morpho-functional state of the green alga Ulva intestinalis L. in the Barents Sea under the influence of diesel fuel
Authors: Salakhov D , Pugovkin D , Ryzhik I , Voskoboinikov G
Published: December 2021

The Changes in the morpho-functional state of the green algaeUlva intestinalisL. Intestine of the Barents Sea under the influence of diesel fuel (DF) in doses from 1 to 150 mg/l were studied. It has been shown that the reaction of the algae to the presence of diesel fuel (DF) depends on the toxicant and the duration of exposure. The addition of an petroleum product to the medium in a volume of 1 - 5 mg/l (20-100 MAC) does not lead to the death of algae, however, it causes a decrease in photosynthetic activity and the content of photosynthetic pigments. DF concentrations in the medium from 50 mg/L (1000 MAC) to 150 mg/L (3000 MAC) cause active irreversible changes in algae: disruption of cell structure, suppression of photosynthetic activity, decrease in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, changes in catalase activity, as well as the number of cultivated epiphytic bacteria. When the content of DF in water is 150 mg/l, various algae die after 3 days of the experiment.
Assessment of physiological and biochemical indicators of the state of the so-iuy mullet Liza haematocheilus (Temminck & Shlegel, 1845) in the Azov-Black Sea Basin
Authors: Kirichenko Olga , Bugaev Leonid , Voykina Anna , Lisovskaya Victoria , Kozhurin Efim
Published: December 2021

A comprehensive analysis of the physiological state of the so-iuy mullet, inhabiting the Sea of Azov, has been carried out during its pre-spawning period in 2020–2021. The hematological characteristics of the investigated individuals have been evaluated. It has been revealed that the content of protein and lipids in fish tissues was at the level of average longterm values. The content of protein and lipids in the gonads of females was significantly higher than that of males, which is explained by the forthcoming stage of spawning. It has been determined that the contribution of albumin to the total blood serum protein was minimal, which could be a consequence of the low feeding rate of the fish. At the same time, no stress effect was identified-glucose was within its normal range.
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water of the Black Sea studied during the research cruise no. 114 aboard the r/v “Professor Vodyanitsky” in 2020
Authors: Barabashin T O , Pavlenko L F , Skrypnik G V , Klimenko T L
Published: December 2021

The content and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been studied in the water column (surface layer, thermocline layer, at a depth of 500 m and the bottom layer) of the deep-water areas of the Black Sea near the Crimean Peninsula and the Caucasian coast, and the results are presented. The identified PAHs included naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, triphenylene, chrysene, benz (b) fluoranthene, benz(k)fluoranthene, benz(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene. The concentrations of the total PAHs detected near the capes Sarych and Chauda were the highest, 532 and 593 ng/L, respectively. The distribution of PAHs over the horizons did not have a clear pattern. The composition of PAHs was dominated by 2-nuclear compounds, namely, naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene, their share on average accounted for 63 % of the total of the PAHs identified. The most dangerous nuclear PAHs containing 5 and 6 aromatic rings (benzo(b)fluoranthene, benz(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene) accounted for less than 0.5 % in all the analyzed water samples. According to the calculated indices of technogenicity and pyrogenicity, PAHs of naphthydogenic origin predominated in almost all analyzed water samples. PAHs of technogenic oil origin prevailed in the water samples taken in the zone of shipping lanes to the port of Novorossiysk.
More about the biodiversity of parasites in Vietnam: a first report of microsporidia (opistosporidia, microsporidia) in coral fish
Authors: Vo H , Butaeva F , Yurakhno V
Published: December 2021

This is the first report of microsporidia infection in marine fish from Vietnam. Microsporidia (Opistosporidia, Microsporidia) were identified in 4 species of coral fish Cheilinus chlorourus (Labridae), Abudefduf bengalensis (Pomacentridae), Pomacentrus brachialis (Pomacentridae), Atule mate (Carangidae) from Nha Trang Bay (East Sea), Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, in 2018 and 2019. Dry smears of blood, intestine and liver were stained using the Giemsa method. Gut and liver were fixed in Bouin’s fluid, processed for routine paraffin infiltration, and sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Strong microsporidia infections were the same for all three species revealed in 1 of every 6 fish samples (prevalence 16.7%) of C. chlorourus, A. bengalensis, and P. brachialis. In C. chlorourus there were meronts, sporogonial plasmodia, and sporoblasts found in all layers of intestine (enterocytes, myocytes, mesotheliocytes), pancreas and liver. In A. bengalensis parasites were found in enterocytes of the small intestine and liver. In P. brachialis meronts, sporogonial plasmodia and sporoblasts were in enterocytes of the small intestine. Intracellular parasites are located in parasitophorous vacuoles covered with additional shell, which appeared to be in the process of forming xenoma. Microsporidia infection was revealed in 1 of 31 fish samples of A. mate (prevalence 3 %). Up to 30 of round and oval white xenomas were detected in the gills of fresh samples by microscopy. We tentatively assign the microsporidia to Glugeidae due to host affiliation (fish), localization (digestive system) and xenoma formation. They differ from Pleistophoridae by localization in non-muscular cells.
Investigation of the dispersed composition of dust of inert materials exposed to overload in the manufacture of building materials
Authors: Meskhi B , Evtushenko A , Startseva Yu , Cherhushenko A , Sakharova A
Published: December 2021

At enterprises for the manufacture of building materials, when pouring bulk components, there is an intense emission of dust into the air of the working area of the room. The article presents the results of the dispersed analysis of dust when pouring cement, crushed stone, silicate bricks and chalk, and the integral functions of the distribution of dust particles by diameter are constructed. According to the criteria of Lyashchenko and Reynolds, the results of the sedimentation rate of dust particles were theoretically obtained. Measures are given to reduce the dust content of the air in the working area of the shop.
Strategic level of agrocenoses state management
Authors: Mikhailenko I M , Timoshin V N
Published: December 2021

The aim of the work is to develop a theoretical basis for solving the problem of managing the state of agrocenoses, which contain crops of the main crop and weeds. The solution to this problem is aimed at eliminating the limitations of the existing paradigm of separate management of the state of crops and weeds. The proposed theory and methodology is based on taking into account the relationship between the state of crops and weeds, and their overall effect on the content of nutrients in the soil. For this, a system of mathematical models has been proposed, in which these relationships and yield losses are taken into account when the parameters of the chemical state of the soil deviate from the optimal values for crop rotation and from the effect of herbicide treatments on crop sowing. The result of solving the problem is the optimal strategies for the introduction of mineral fertilizers, ameliorants and herbicides by years of crop rotation. These strategies ensure that yield losses are minimized for all crops, rotation and agrochemical consumption. The results obtained are new, since such tools are currently lacking.
Problems of managing strategic resources of companies in the conditions of the ecological requirements toughening
Authors: Syuzeva O , Zheltenkov A , Antipina N , Kuznetsova I
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with the problems of managing strategic resources of companies. The structural transformations of foreign countries in the field of strategic models and processes are analyzed. The need for the formation and implementation of complex strategic models linking the interaction of resources and skills is proved. It is revealed that such models almost do not exist now. The authors propose the model that combines all relevant strategic perspectives in a holistic process. The article provides the construction and classification of corporate analysis of the company for the purposes of strategic management. Characteristics of core competencies are identified. The criteria for strategic resources are determined: superiority in competition; uniqueness; constancy; ease of use; replaceability; customer value, ecological friendliness. It is proved that strategic resources include the potential for success, allow gaining a competitive advantage and can serve as the basis for building a resource-oriented and ecologically responsible company strategy. The analysis of the main types of competencies is carried out. The process of identification of the company’s core competencies is considered, and it is concluded that core competencies form the basis of the company’s long-term competitiveness, and their knowledge can have a significant impact on internal and outsourcing decisions.
Cold production reducing energy costs using ozone-friendly refrigerants
Authors: Ripol-Saragossi T L , Smychok I A
Published: December 2021

The article considers ways to reduce energy costs in the cold using ozone-safe refrigerants production. In this case, it is necessary to include an air-cooled heat exchanger-pre-condenser in the technological scheme of refrigeration. The conditions for the pre-capacitor for a certain performance selection are formulated. The results of the presented calculations prove a decrease in the annual energy consumption for cold production in comparison with the technological scheme with external cooling and a cascade system. The energy consumption reducing principle of the installation due to the air pre-condenser can also be realized by installing a heat-exchanger on the discharge of low-temperature compressors to heat water for the enterprise needs, receiving free heat energy all year round.
Vacuum infrared dryer for drying fruit
Authors: Khozyaev Igor , Savenkov Dmitriy , Shcherbakov Alexey , Mekhraliev Rustam , Serdyuk Valentina
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of infrared drying of products in a reduced pressure chamber using the convection effect. With the use of drying, canning of fruits, vegetables, herbs and meat is achieved, which reduces not only the volume, but also the weight of the processed raw materials. The paper presents the main parameters of drying products online, such as relative humidity, pressure, radiation intensity of infrared lamps, drying temperature. The uniqueness of this unit in comparison with similar dryers is a one-time treatment of the product with infrared rays under reduced pressure, convection of air flows inside the drying chamber and full automation of the drying process of any product of plant and animal origin. Determination of parameters and modes of drying was carried out on products of plant origin. During the experimental part, bananas and apples were used. In experimental studies, products such as bell peppers, apples and bananas with various slicing thicknesses were used. The greatest drying effect was obtained with a drying product thickness of 5 mm, and the worst with a product thickness of 10 mm. For example, pepper has decreased in weight from 79.84 grams. up to 23.43 gr., which is his weight loss by 70.65%.
Research of the chisel with multi-operation working bodies for tillage
Authors: Parkhomenko G , Kambulov S , Zubrilina E , Babenko O , Vysochkina L
Published: December 2021

The mechanized technologies applied in Russia in vineyards are characterized by 2.5-3.4 times higher energy costs comparing to foreign countries. It is necessary to improve the methods of mechanized tillage in vineyards in order to reduce energy costs while maintaining quality. The purpose of the study is to develop mechanized universal technical means and working bodies for processing vineyard rows with the lowest energy consumption without damaging the root system of the bushes. The designed multi-stage chisel is capable of performing multi-tiered tillage in accordance with the architectonics of the root system of the bushes. The depth of loosening is 9-45 cm. The original design of the working bodies of the chisel with the additional degree of freedom provides reduction in traction resistance by 12-14% and specific energy consumption by 1.2 and more times. Chisel complies with agrotechnical requirements for the implementation of quality indicators of the technological process. The number of fractions of up to 50 mm is 57.5-76.5%, lumps of over 100 mm is 8-9%. The versatile design of the multi-operational horticultural and vineyard chisel will allow it to be used in the cultivation technologies of not only fruit and berry, but also grain and row crops.
Research on phenol complex infrared dried grape pomace
Authors: Sergeev Mikhail , Yermolin Dmitry , Zavaliy Alexey , Yermolina Galina , Rudoy Dmitry
Published: December 2021

Studies have shown that grape pomace is a promising raw material for the functional drinks production with an increased phenols mass concentration. At the same time, the highest mass concentration of phenols was determined in red frape varities pomace. The highest mass concentrations of flovanols were found in white pomace, flavonols in muscat, phenolic acids in red pomace. The mass concentration of oligomeric forms in phenols does not differ significantly in all samples. The highest mass concentration of polymers in phenols is determined in the red pomace. The anthocyanin profile corresponded to the Western European ecological-geographical group grape varieties. Highest mass concentration was determined monoglycoside malvidin.
Influence of the drying regime on the quality indicators of dry mare’s milk
Authors: Yu Smolentsev S , Sufyanova L M , Makarov A S , Yu Garafutdinova N , Shorkina O I , Zakirov T M , Zalyalyutdinova L N , Stepanova G S
Published: December 2021

The data on the influence of the temperature regime of the spray drying process on the quality parameters of dry mare’s milk are given. The results of experimental studies on the selection of the optimal drying mode for maximum preservation of the quality indicators of the final product are presented. It was revealed that the optimum temperature during the drying process of mare’s milk is the temperature at the entrance to the dryer t = 180°C, at the exit t = 70-80°C. The study of qualitative indicators with this drying mode showed that the particle size (more than 68%) was 117-140 microns, the solubility index was 0.18 ml of insoluble sediment in 50 ml of reconstituted mare’s milk, the moisture in dry mare’s milk was 3.8% (at t = 180°C), which met all the requirements of the standard. In addition, it was found that the correct heat treatment of mare’s milk before drying also affects the quality indicators of the dry product. The most optimal temperature for milk pasteurization is a temperature of no more than 60°C.
Elements of digitalization in organization of traceability of poultry processing products
Authors: Kudryashova O A , Stepanova G A
Published: December 2021

The paper provides data on the systematization of poultry processing products, highlighting the basic and specific principles of assigning products to homogeneous species and groups. The performed analysis made it possible to assign a digital or letter designation to each product classification feature. In the course of the research, the order of presentation of information about the properties of products was determined when compiling the name of the product, as well as in the composition of the alphanumeric code. Schemes for drawing up alphanumeric codes for general food products – slaughter products and processed products of poultry slaughter products – have been developed and presented.
Solution of sowing methods and seeding rates for the intraductive kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) seeds
Authors: Nabiev U A , Ruzumova G K
Published: December 2021

This research was prepared on the basis of an expedition conducted by the Department of Applied Ecology of National University of Uzbekistan in four territories adjacent to the Aral Sea: Karakalpakstan, Bukhara, Khorezm, and Navoi provinces, in particular in 20 cities of Uzbekistan. The expedition was carried out within the framework of the project “Program for adaptation to climate change in the Aral Sea Basin and mitigation of its consequences”, under the auspices and assistance of the International Development Association. Also, the Agency for the Structural Transformation of Agricultural Enterprises and the Consulting Company Intellect management took an active part in the project. The aim of the study was to assess climate change, understanding the impact of dangerous consequences, measures to adapt to climate change in Uzbekistan. To find possible objective and scientific approaches to the application in a broad sense of methods for confrontation in all areas of agricultural activity was also a potential objective of this paper. In addition, within the framework of this program, in 20 cities, local inhabitants were familiarized with the results of this study by conducting lectures, trainings and seminars for representatives of production, farms, workers of agricultural enterprises, scientific researchers, undergraduates, bachelors of higher education in the project area.
Optimization of grapevine clonal micropropagation
Authors: Doroshenko Natalia , Puzirnova Valentina , Troshin Leonid
Published: December 2021

Clonal micro-propagation ensures the production of genetically homogeneous, healthy virus-free planting material. This kind of propagation is influenced by genetic, physiological, hormonal, physical factors, and plant genotype. To increase the success of the process, it is necessary to optimize the methods of clonal micropropagation. The technology of clonal micropropagation of grapevine using a culture of apical meristems with a size of 0.1-0.2 mm was developed, the scheme of plant regeneration was improved, a new biotechnological techniques were developed for all stages of propagation. A method of processing of meristems with an ultrahigh frequency (microwave) electromagnetic field (EMF) in combination with a narrow-band laser was developed. Method for improving recovery from viral and bacterial infections using the growth regulator Emistim, Salicylic acid, the antibiotics Gentamicin and Cefotaxime was found. A method of water therapy was developed. The optimal parameters of intensity and duration of illumination were established. Ways of adaptation of healthy plants to non-sterile environmental conditions were optimised. Methods of testing of viral infection was improved. Techniques of planting healthy seedlings in film, greenhouses and open ground were developed. The creation of unique basic vine nursery in Ust-Donetsk region was the result of conducted studies.
Influence of basic tillage systems on economic efficiency of soybean cultivation
Authors: Zhichkina L , Zhichkin K , Saidmurodova M , Kokurin D , Romanova Ju , Romanova I
Published: December 2021

Soybeans have become widespread in the world crop production as a valuable oilseed and high-protein crop with a unique biochemical composition. In the Russia in 2015-2019 annually there is an increase in acreage, yield and gross yield of soybeans. The research purpose is to substantiate the most effective system of basic soil cultivation during the soybeans cultivation in the Samara region. The research tasks included: to study the peculiarities of the soybeans yield formation depending on the main tillage systems, to evaluate the economic efficiency of the main tillage systems. It was found that the basic tillage system provided the best conditions for the formation of the soybean in 2018-2019. Thus, the highest yield was obtained in the variant with plowing by 20-22 cm and amounted to 14.9 cwt/ha, the lowest in the variant without autumn mechanical tillage - 10.1 cwt/ha. The calculation showed that the soybeans cultivation in all variants was effective. Direct costs in the soybeans cultivation varied according to the studied options from 15879.28 rubles/ha to 17767.34 rubles/ha, the cost price - from 1192.4 rubles/cwt to 1572.2 rubles/cwt. The basic tillage system with elements of minimization reduced direct costs, however, due to the lower yield, the highest net income was obtained in the variant with plowing by 20-22 cm and amounted to 19482.7 rubles/ha, with a profitability of 109.7%.
Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Plasma and Radio Wave Seed Treatments on Red Clover Plants
Authors: Nedved H , Kalatskaja J , Kopylova N , Herasimovich K , Rybinskaya E , Vusik N , Filatova I , Lyushkevich V , Laman N
Published: December 2021

The effect of high-frequency 5.28 MHz plasma and radio wave seed treatments on red clover growth, nodule formation and isoflavonoid content has been investigated. The short-term and long-term effects of plasma and radio wave treatment of seeds were evaluated on clover plants during two years of vegetation. The response of plants to plasma treatment was increment in root growth and the nodule formation. Significant changes in the length and weight of roots were noted in the first year of vegetation. The increase in isoflavonoids content observed after plasma and radio wave treatments can be explained by the advancement in nodulation process.
Forecast of the development of an emergency at hydraulic structures of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Shakirova A I , Kochergin A V , Sitnikov O R , Gorina L N
Published: December 2021

At present, a large number of hydraulic structures have been erected on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, which are classified as hydrodynamic hazardous facilities. Accidents at these facilities are sources of man-made emergencies. A number of hydraulic structures on the territory have been in operation without reconstruction for more than 70 years. The problem of ensuring the safety of hydraulic structures remains not fully understood and relevant today. Basically all hydraulic structures are located within or above settlements and are objects of increased risk. The consequences of a catastrophic flood can be aggravated by accidents at potentially dangerous facilities falling into its zone. The damage caused by such floods can amount to tens of millions of rubles. Incomplete destruction of the dam, when the safe operation of the structure is no longer possible, can lead to serious economic losses as a result of the cessation of energy production, hydraulic regulation and water collection in the reservoir. Careful monitoring is required in order to identify any possible emergencies. One of the solutions in this situation is the use of various methods for predicting emergency situations at hydraulic structures. In this regard, in the work, the authors have adapted a mathematical model based on Markov chains, which is distinguished by the efficiency of calculations and a high degree of approximation to statistical data. This model makes it possible to predict the state of hydraulic structures when the data on the water level and the volume of infiltration in the hydraulic structure changes. Based on the adapted model, the results of forecasting the water level for real hydraulic structures were obtained.
Application of reverse osmosis plants for drinking water supply in the Rostov region and study their membrane elements
Authors: Kasharin Denis
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the operation and operation of membrane elements of reverse osmosis plants in the conditions of the Rostov region. The reasons for the decrease in the service life of membrane elements are considered on the basis of studies of membranes operating in various regions of the Rostov region.
Environmental flows in integrated sustainable water resource management in Tuyamuyin water reservoir, Uzbekistan
Authors: Makhmudova U , Djuraev A , Khushvaktov T
Published: December 2021

Climate change is causing extreme recession of the mountain glaciers in Central Asia. Also increased evapotranspiration from higher temperatures in arid and semi-arid zones in Uzbekistan. Additionally, climate change has an effect increased exceptional water deficits. In such scenarios Environmental despite for a more sustainable water supply system, available reservoir capacity. Central Asia unlock watershed region, its main rivers are the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, and its key problems of the region the efficient use of water from these rivers. Supplying water to the Khorezm oasis and Karakalpakstan, Tuyamuyin reservoir is the main water resource. With an increasing population of the region and Aral Sea ecological problems, mounting demand exists for a more sustainable water supply system. Water reservoirs of Central Asian river contribute to the improvement of water resources management in the lower part of the region and thus, play a strategic role in regional water supplication. 70% of Central Asia is arid and semi-arid regions and therefore, water supply for irrigation and population purposes is the main water sector of all Central Asian countries.
The potential of the water industry in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Yessymkhanova Z , Dauletkhanova Zh , Suleimenova B , Mussirov G , Gorda A , Gorda O , Kolesnikova E , Niyazbekova Sh , Maisigova L
Published: December 2021

In the modern period, the productivity of water resources is an indicator of the efficiency with which a country uses its water resources. Taking into account the regional economic structure of Kazakhstan and the vast territories with different natural and climatic conditions, these indicators should be used taking into account the sectoral activities of the region and their availability of natural, including water resources. The purpose of this article is to consider the existing potential of water resources of our country on the basis of an assessment of water availability and determining the prospects for further development of the water economy of Kazakhstan in the conditions of sustainable development. The assessment of water availability is associated with such problems as the lack of hydrological information, differences in the conditions for the formation and use of water resources, difficulties in combining physical – geographical, administrative–territorial and water management boundaries, heterogeneity of the analyzed information.
Early ontogeny of Clarias gariepinus and its features under artificial cultivation at different temperature conditions
Authors: Alexandrova Uliyana , Kotelnikov Andrey , Kotelnikova Svetlana , Firsova Angelina , Kuzov Anton
Published: December 2021

The influence of different temperature regimes (28 ° C and 25 ° C) on the early ontogeny of Clarias gariepinus was studied. Heterochronism in the development of the main systems has been provided: the central nervous system and the digestive system are actively developing, the formation of the cardiovascular, respiratory and genitourinary systems occurs more slowly. The duration of embryonic development within the membranes was 18-22 hours. The initial stages of development changed insignificantly with decreasing temperature. The duration of the larval period was 14 days at 28 ° C and 15 days at 25 ° C. The fry period lasted 30 and 32 days, respectively. In terms of the duration of embryogenesis and the timing of the release of free embryos, the indicators did not go beyond the norm. The percentage of ugly embryos (underdevelopment of the operculum, underdevelopment of the tail, head and fins) was small and amounted to 3.2%, in the first and 4% in the second temperature regime. Incubation at temperatures below the optimum temperature of this species makes it possible to obtain viable offspring, adapted to the change in temperature regime.
DNA marking of the rate of maturation of gonads in female sterlet x beluga (A. ruthenus x H. huso) hybrid under conditions of recirculation systems
Authors: Geraskin P , Kornienko I , Grigoriev V , Kovaleva A , Mahotkin M
Published: December 2021

To create a theoretical basis for the development of new technologies for the formation of highly productive sturgeon herds, work has begun on conducting research on DNA - markers associated with economically useful traits. At the first stage of the work, polymorphic regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop were investigated in order to search for promising molecular genetic markers associated with the production properties of sturgeon hybrids. Along with point polymorphisms in mtDNA hybrids, variability in the length of the D-loop was observed, as well as the presence of heteroplasmy in length. The length variability of the D-loop is due to the presence of tandem repeating units in multiples of 80 base pairs (bp). Using Fisher’s exact test, it was shown that the proportion of individuals with four tandem repeating units of 80 bp eachsignificantly higher (p = 0.030) in the group of highly productive hybrids. The obtained data suggest that such a trait as the accelerated maturation of female hybrids (A. ruthenus x H. huso) grown in a closed water supply can be associated with the mitochondrial DNA haplotype, in the D-loop of which there are fourrepeating units.
Features of arthropod cultivation in the closed water supply installations on the example of a giant freshwater prawn
Authors: Neidorf Anna , Zharkova Maria
Published: December 2021

The cultivation of arthropods in closed water supply installations is a promising area for the development of commercial aquaculture in Russia. The giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is gradually becoming an aquaculture species of great commercial value, since it is the largest representative of its genus. In experiment for the prawn containing 3 tanks of the same size were used. The shrimps in the first tank were fed mainly plant food, but with a small proportion of animal food. In the second tank, animal feed was used. In the third tank, the shrimp diet consisted of 80% balanced artificial feed. The percentage of losses was 30, 20 and 7%, respectively. From the experiment, it became clear that main problems characteristic of all decapods, including the giant freshwater prawn, are the lack of high-quality and balanced artificial feeds, as well as problems associated with a decrease in the genetic diversity of artificial populations, which makes it more difficult and expensive to obtain seeding material. Cultivation of giant freshwater prawn in Russia can be quite cost-effective when using closed water supply installations, however, in order to achieve maximum benefits, it is necessary to develop artificial, optimized feeds designed specifically for crustaceans.
Vibration parameters and indicators of a dynamic tillage tool
Authors: Dzhabborov N , Dobrinov A , Sergeev A
Published: December 2021

According to domestic and foreign research on the efficiency of active and passive vibrating tillage tools, the created vibration allows reducing the traction resistance of tillage implements compared to conventional tools, while improving the tillage quality. The study aimed to determine several vibration parameters and indicators of a dynamic tillage tool supplied with an energy storing and transmitting device: frequency and amplitude of oscillations, absolute velocity, vibration velocity, acceleration of vibration, a force of inertia, and oscillation energy. The study applied the energy assessment methods of tillage tools with the measuring and information system designed at IEEP – branch of FSAC VIM; analysis and generalisation of experimental data. Vibration variables were determined by the strain-gauge method. The study revealed a significant effect of oscillation frequency and amplitude of the tillage tool, depending on the machine travel speed and characteristics of elastic elements, on its vibration velocity and acceleration, the force of inertia and the energy of oscillations.The total increase in these forces owing to a high-frequency dynamic impact may affect the soil layer considerably as an additional loosening. The accumulated impact energy can provide a decrease in the traction resistance of the tillage tool.
Equipment set for all-seasonal processing of poultry manure
Authors: Gusev V , Zazykina L , Sysoeva I
Published: December 2021

New equipment set for the processing of manure, the main waste of poultry farms, into a range of ancillary products with predetermined properties and parameters is described. This technology decreases the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The method of preparation of manure for the usage as a solid fuel with decreased expenses for drying was developed; this method allows for the significant decrease of nitrogen content in the manure (resulting in the decreased nitrogen emission at burning). The method involves the preliminary mixing of the manure with a natural absorbent (3-5% of the dry matter of manure) sieved through the 0.2 mm screen; separation of the mixture (by centrifuging or pressing) to solid fraction (moisture content 45-56%) and liquid fraction; drying of the solid fraction in a cylinder drier to moisture content 12-22%; the final product can also be pelleted. A part of the product can be burned in a furnace to produce the heat for the drying of the solid fraction; liquid fraction can be further processed in a coagulator to extract protein or can be used as a liquid fertilizer or ingredient of the liquid substrates in the hydroponic greenhouses.
Comprehensive Socio-Ecologo-Economic Assessment of Agricultural Efficiency in China
Authors: Murzin Anton , Yiru Li
Published: December 2021

Modern agriculture aims to coordinate the contradiction between the development and utilization of agricultural resources and environmental protection by using scientific and technological achievements and management methods, so as to obtain good ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit. In this paper, 12 indexes are selected to build an evaluation system of comprehensive agricultural benefit. The agricultural data from 2013 to 2019 are analyzed, and the evaluation results are obtained: China’s comprehensive agricultural benefit kept growing, social benefit and economic benefit continued to grow, and ecological benefit began to grow rapidly in 2018 after experiencing a small decline. According to the evaluation results, the problems existing in China’s agricultural development are found, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.
Digital paradigm of innovative development of the agromeliorative sphere in modern conditions
Authors: Cheshev A , Alexandrovskaya L , Melenkin V , Chesheva K
Published: December 2021

The article substantiates the need to implement the innovative direction of the domestic agro-reclamation complex development, which is particularly relevant in the conditions of active digitalization of agricultural production. The directions of innovative development of agro-reclamation activities based on the use of digital technologies, in particular, related to the formation of precision irrigation systems, are studied. The article substantiates the prospects of using innovative tools of land reclamation activities aimed at ensuring the interaction of an expanded range of stakeholders.
The digital transformation of agriculture in the context of the digital inequality
Authors: Kushnir I , Samodelov A
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the digital development of the agricultural industry and to identify significant factors restraining its development. To achieve this goal, a comparative analysis of the impact of the level of accessibility availability and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) tools by agricultural entrepreneurs on sectoral performance indicators was carried out in the study. The paradox of performance in the context of digital inequality is revealed. The author’s position is formulated, the essence of which is to build digital platforms - ecosystems to support the industry’s growth mechanisms. The results obtained in this study can act as a driving force in agricultural production and sale systems.
Status quo of pastures in Uzbekistan and their effective utilization
Authors: Ruzmetov M I
Published: December 2021

The Global research to assess the impact of climate change on soil-climatic conditions of arid lands has resulted in the following scientific findings: pasture degradation due to inefficient use of available resources; improved technologies for the condition of pasture soils and their restoration and the use of GIS monitoring; soil conditions, desertification factors and degradation processes of anthropogenesis in pasture conditions; developments for remote sensing of the Earth to determine the current state of pastures and the use of GIS technologies; and, improved technologies for adapting to climate change and combating soil degradation. Measures have been developed to restore biodiversity, increase crop productivity, and increase the fertility of these soils. This article describes the relevance of pasture land use around the world and the effectiveness of the use of a variety of water-saving technologies (Water-box) in the foothills and desert pastures.
Justification of the need to reform the labor market in the agro-industrial complex of the region
Authors: Tukhkanen T , Oksenyuk E , Ripol-Saragosi L
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop and justify proposals for updating the processes of labor market regulation in the context of modern conditions. It has been proved that the modern labor market needs flexible government regulation. In addition, in the process of labor market regulating, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of a particular region, that is, to take into account the regional characteristics of the labor market. In the study of the labor market, special emphasis is placed on the trends in the development of the labor market in the agro-industrial complex, the primary range of problems that hinder the development of competition among the subjects of the labor market in the agro-industrial complex is outlined. The significance is that the approaches to labor market segmentation considered in this research study provide a comprehensive solution for its development under modern conditions.
Wavelet transforms of the time series of small wholesale prices in the agricultural sector
Authors: Kazantsev S , Pavlov A , Chekha O
Published: December 2021

The article provides a wavelet analysis of small wholesale prices for white cabbage in Rostov-on-Don from 2017 to 2020 year. Approximation coefficients show a steady trend, the detailing coefficients reflect seasonal and insignificant temporary price fluctuations. The constituent scaling approximation coefficients and the detailing components are highlighted in the form of separate graphs. The series was decomposed up to the 6th level using the Haar and Daubechies wavelets.
The reasons for the loss of wheat from the harvest grown in the fields of Russia
Authors: Tsarev Yuri , Adamchukova Elena
Published: December 2021

A comparative analysis has been performed of statistical data on wheat losses in the fields from 2001 to 2019, using Russia as an example, which enables us to estimate the wheat losses from the crop grown accurately when harvested using combined harvesters. The analysis of the wheat losses from the grown crop in the fields was carried out in three directions based on the total sown areas, the average wheat yield, and the total harvested areas of the winter and spring wheat; according to the official data of the “Expert and Analytical Center for Agribusiness” and “Statistical Collections of Agriculture in Russia.” Analysis of wheat losses in the Russian Federation fields has been compared with the first and second directions. This analysis helps to identify the causes that affect the loss of wheat during the harvesting process by combined harvesters.
Ecology as the main way for sustainable development in agriculture
Authors: Saralinova Dzh , Dokhkilgova D , Jafarova Z
Published: December 2021

Based on these facts, it is clear that agriculture has a detrimental impact on the environment at this stage of development. Taking into account the negative consequences of its activities, it can be concluded that, in today’s world, there should be tendencies to create ecological equilibrium, soil recovery, restoration of biogeochemical cycles, improvement of the resilience of agro-ecosystems to ensure the cleanliness of all agricultural products. Their successful solution can only be based on environmental management, a comprehensive system of measures to conserve wildlife, and increased agricultural and livestock productivity. Positioning Russia as a country with good and clean lands for the production of food materials, with rich genetic resources, the good environmental situation in many agricultural regions will contribute to the creation of a favorable investment climate in such industries as ecological agriculture, production of environmentally friendly products, development of environmental, agricultural, and gastronomic tourism, service and restaurant sectors. Making the ecologization of agriculture a priority will help to address problems such as increasing soil fertility at the expense of soil-forming organisms, preserving the biodiversity of plants, animals, increasing the sustainability of agro- and biocenoses and it will ultimately lead to the restoration and preservation of human health.