bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review: Mechanism of Phyllanthus urinaria in Cancers—NF-κB, P13K/AKT, and MAPKs Signaling Activation
Authors: Saahene Roland Osei. , Agbo Elvis , Barnes Precious , Yahaya Ewura Seidu , Amoani Benjamin , Nuvor Samuel Victor , Okyere Perditer
Published: August 2021

Phyllanthus urinaria has been characterized for its several biological and medicinal effects such as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunoregulation. In recent years, Phyllanthus urinaria has demonstrated potential to modulate the activation of critical pathways such as NF-κB, P13K/AKT, and ERK/JNK/P38/MAPKs associated with cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, and apoptotic cell death. To date, there is much evidence indicating that modulation of cellular signaling pathways is a promising approach to consider in drug development and discovery. Thus, therapies that can regulate cancer-related pathways are longed-for in anticancer drug discovery. This review’s focus is to provide comprehensive knowledge on the anticancer mechanisms of Phyllanthus urinaria through the regulation of NF-κB, P13K/AKT, and ERK/JNK/P38/MAPKs signaling pathways. Thus, the review summarizes both in vitro and in vivo effects of Phyllanthus urinaria extracts or bioactive constituents with emphasis on tumor cell apoptosis. The literature information was obtained from publications on Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost. The key words used in the search were “Phyllanthus” or “Phyllanthus urinaria” and cancer. P. urinaria inhibits cancer cell proliferation via inhibition of NF-κB, P13K/AKT, and MAPKs (ERK, JNK, P38) pathways to induce apoptosis and prevents angiogenesis. It is expected that understanding these fundamental mechanisms may help stimulate additional research to exploit Phyllanthus urinaria and other natural products for the development of novel anticancer therapies in the future.
An Efficient Heparin Affinity Column Purification Method Coupled with Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography for the Quantification of Native Lactoferrin in Breast Milk
Authors: Yuan Huizhi , Li Na , Xun Yiping , Wang Lin , Feng Xiaoying , Wang Yongxia , Tao Yajie , Wang Shijie
Published: August 2021

Lactoferrin (LF) is a bioactive multifunctional protein and found in the highest amounts in human milk. Several methods can be used to quantify LF. However, quantification of native LF has garnered relatively little interest to date. This study aimed to develop a novel efficient two-step method for quantifying native LF in breast milk. During the analysis, LF was first extracted with phosphate buffer (pH 5.0), purified using a heparin affinity column. Subsequently, LF was detected using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) at a wavelength of 201 nm. A linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 5–200 mg/L. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L, respectively, indicating that the validated method could be employed to quantify LF in breast milk. Compared with previous HPLC methods, this method demonstrated several remarkable advantages, including simple operation, low-cost detection, and high accuracy. Hence, the results demonstrate an efficient method that can be employed commercially to purify and analyze LF in human milk samples.
Application of Flipped Classroom in the Era of Big Data: What Factors Influence the Effect of Teacher‐Student Interaction in Oral English Teaching
Authors: Liu Yan , Qi Wenjin
Published: August 2021

Teachers now have a new teaching model to refer to with the emergence of the flipped classroom. The teacher‐student interaction is thought to be influenced by teaching mode as a key indicator of improving teaching efficiency. We develop a research model based on a literature review to explain the drawbacks of teacher‐student interaction in flipped classrooms with oral English instruction. SmartPLS software was used to analyze the survey data of 84 students from three classes. Emotional resistance has a significant negative impact on the effect of teacher‐student interaction in the flipped classroom, whereas learning autonomy and video content quality have a significant positive impact. Our research adds to the body of knowledge in the field of flipped classrooms and provides theoretical support for teachers in colleges and universities who want to use this teaching method.
Regulation of Laminaria Polysaccharides with Different Degrees of Sulfation during the Growth of Calcium Oxalate Crystals and their Protective Effects on Renal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Huang Wei-Bo , Zou Guo-Jun , Tang Gu-Hua , Sun Xin-Yuan , Ouyang Jian-Ming
Published: August 2021

The original Laminaria polysaccharide (LP0) was sulfated using the sulfur trioxide‐pyridine method, and four sulfated Laminaria polysaccharides (SLPs) were obtained, namely, SLP1, SLP2, SLP3, and SLP4. The sulfated (–OSO3–) contents were 8.58%, 15.1%, 22.8%, and 31.3%, respectively. The structures of the polysaccharides were characterized using a Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. SLPs showed better antioxidant activity than LP0, increased the concentration of soluble Ca2+ in the solution, reduced the amount of CaOx precipitation and degree of CaOx crystal aggregation, induced COD crystal formation, and protected HK‐2 cells from damage caused by nanometer calcium oxalate crystals. These effects can inhibit the formation of CaOx kidney stones. The biological activity of the polysaccharides increased with the content of –OSO3−, that is, the biological activities of the polysaccharides had the following order: LP0 < SLP1 < SLP2 < SLP3 < SLP4. These results reveal that SLPs with high –OSO3− contents are potential drugs for effectively inhibiting the formation of CaOx stones.
Compressed Sensing for THz FMCW Radar 3D Imaging
Authors: Gu Shanshan , Xi Guangrong , Ge Lingyu , Yang Zhong , Wang Yizhi , Chen Weina , Yu Zhenzhong
Published: August 2021

A terahertz (THz) frequency‐modulated continuous wave (FMCW) imaging radar system is developed for high‐resolution 3D imaging recently. Aiming at the problems of long data acquisition periods and large sample sizes for the developed imaging system, an algorithm based on compressed sensing is proposed for THz FMCW radar 3D imaging in this paper. Firstly, the FMCW radar signal model is built, and the conventional range migration algorithm is introduced for THz FMCW radar imaging. Then, compressed sensing is extended for THz FMCW radar 3D imaging, and the Newton smooth L0‐norm (NSL0) algorithm is presented for sparse measurement data reconstruction. Both simulation and measurement experiments demonstrate the feasibility of reconstructing THz images from measurements even at the sparsity rate of 20%.
The Relationship between Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Surgical Site Infections in a Hospital Center in Morocco
Authors: Flouchi Rachid , Elmniai Abderrahim , Hibatallah Abdelaziz , Fahsi Karim , Touzani Ibrahim , Fikri-Benbrahim Kawtar
Published: August 2021

Background. Surgical site infection is a major public health problem in the world. Nasal carriage is a major risk factor for the development of nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus infection, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our work aims to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and the associated risk factors and to evaluate their sensitivity to 27 antibiotics. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 patients, hospitalized in preoperative care of surgery units at the Taza Provincial Hospital Center in the Fez-Meknes region, from January to June 2019. Samples were taken from the patient’s anterior nostril using single-use sterile dry or wet cotton swabs and then analyzed in the Provincial Public Health Laboratory in Taza. The carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was studied by conventional bacteriological methods by spreading nasal swabs on Chapman culture medium, while antibiotic resistance was determined by the Mueller–Hinton agar disc diffusion method according to the recommendations described by the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology 2019 (CA SFM 2019). Results. Of the 84 patients found to be positive, 45.24% had coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus and 54.76% had coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. After surgery in the postoperative phase, 16 patients developed surgical site infections, of which two had a negative nasal culture and 14 had positive nasal culture. Among the Staphylococcus aureus-positive patients, 36.84% were colonized by a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 63.16% by a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Of these, 57.14% of MRSA colonized patients developed an infection of the surgical site and 42.85% showed no sign of SSI, while for patients colonized by MSSA, 16.67% developed SSI and 83.33% showed no sign of SSI. Moreover, children were the most affected by MRSA. Concerning antibiotic sensitivity, multiresistance of MRSA to more than 3 antibiotics has been found. Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out in this hospital center with the aim of knowing the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA and to identify the risk factors in order to prevent infections related to nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA.
Evidence-Based Analysis on Observation for Nursing Care of Patients with Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chen Huali , Li Lihua , Zheng Zhaofen , Peng Jianqiang , Zhou Juan , Qiu Xiaoying , Li Fang
Published: August 2021

In this study, data analysis was performed on 52 patients. According to the different outcomes and discharge diagnosis of patients, data on sedative use, emotions, behavioral abnormalities, hearing loss, pain, total time on board the IABP (intra-aortic balloon pumping), and days of hospitalization of patients were collected. The data were subjected to frequency analysis, paired chi-square analysis, chi-square test, Poisson regression analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. Some findings of the analysis included the following: Between outcome and admission diagnosis, the analysis showed that significant differences existed between paired data. Patients with heart failure and acute myocardial infarction are in an unhealed state, and most patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, myocarditis, and heart disease showed improvement. The samples taken by different sedatives showed no significant differences in the emotional and behavioral abnormalities, hearing loss, and pain. A total of 1 item of hospital stay had a significant negative impact on the total operation time of IABP. However, discharge diagnosis and admission diagnosis did not affect the total time on board the IABP. The dorsalis pedis artery pulse condition has a significant negative effect on the total time on board the IABP.
Innovation and Development of Rural Leisure Tourism Industry Using Mobile Cloud IoT Computing
Authors: Wang Guangwei
Published: August 2021

As a promising IoT application, the rural leisure tourism industry can promote the reconstruction of industrial structure in rural areas and realize a sustainable, rapid, and healthy development of rural economy. This paper takes the rural leisure tourism industry in China as an example and aims at building an intelligent and integrated modern IoT use case. Based on the traditional rural leisure tourism, we improve the system by adding the data analysis over a mobile cloud IoT computing platform. In particular, this work investigates the characteristics of the national tourism market under the security requirements from governmental cloud data management policy. Our study shows that the geographical concentration index G of tourists in the Chinese market continues to increase. With the booming of IoT applications in rural leisure tourism, intelligent and integrated tourism guidance and optimized decision‐making will provide tourists with better information and thus make rapid improvement of geographical concentration index.
Robot-Assisted versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for Giant Sporadic Renal Angiomyolipomas of ≥7 cm: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Xiong Yunqiang , Deng Wen , Chen Ru , Liu Xiaoqiang , Zhu Ke , Wang Jiayao , Long Jiahui , Jiang Haoxin , Chen Luyao , Fu Bin
Published: August 2021

Background. To compare the perioperative and functional outcomes between robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for giant sporadic renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) of ≥7 cm. Materials and Methods. Patients with sporadic renal AMLs of ≥7 cm who underwent RAPN or LPN in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score matching (1 : 1) was performed to adjust for potential baseline confounders. Perioperative and functional outcomes of the RAPN and LPN groups were collected and compared. Result. After propensity score matching, no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics were found between the groups (41 vs. 41). Within the matched cohort, the warm ischemia time (WIT) in the RAPN group was significantly shorter than that in the LPN group (21 vs. 27 min,p<0.001). In addition, the RAPN group was associated with improved postoperative renal function (72.8 vs. 69.8 mL/min/1.73 m2,p=0.045). WIT and preoperative renal function are independent predictors of renal function at 6 months postoperatively, and renal score and operation method are independent predictors of WIT. Conclusion. RAPN and LPN are safe and feasible minimally invasive treatments for sporadic giant renal AMLs, but RAPN is associated with shorter WIT and better postoperative renal functional preservation. WIT and preoperative renal function are independent predictors of renal function at 6 months postoperatively, while the RENAL score and surgical method are independent risk factors to WIT. For giant and complex renal AMLs, RAPN is the first choice when condition permits.
Blocking N-Methyl-D-aspartic Acid (NMDA) Receptor Inhibits Heat-Sensitization Response of Moxibustion in Stroke Rats
Authors: Lyu Zhimai , Huang Dandan , Xie Dingyi , Chen Yanjun , Wu Chunmei , Chen Rixin , Luo Weifeng
Published: August 2021

Our previous studies demonstrated that effects of moxibustion heavily relied on heat-sensitization response, a specific sensation induced by moxibustion in the ill body. On the sensation, long-term potentiation (LTP) of prelimbic cortex was attributed to heat-sensitization responses. The N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor plays a key role in LTP induction; however, little is known about the role of NMDA receptor in heat-sensitization response. The present study investigated the role of NMDA receptor in heat-sensitization response, specifically, NMDA receptor was inhibited by competitive glutamatergic antagonist, (±)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP), observing the frequency of heat-sensitization response in moxibustion treatment and evaluating the conducive outcomes to cerebral infarct rats for rehabilitation. Heat-sensitization response in cerebral infarct rats was regularly measured for all the samples when exposed to moxibustion. Intraperitoneal injection of CPP was conducted, and soon afterwards, a significant drop of heat-sensitization response in all the samples was measured. Moreover, moxibustion efficiency on rehabilitation was unfavourably affected in cerebral infarct rats when compared to vehicle injection control. This indicated that NMDA receptor antagonist made a negative impact on induction of heat-sensitization response and consequently affected cerebral infarct rats to rehabilitate under moxibustion treatment. It also suggested that activating NMDA receptor played a positive part in ischemic stroke rehabilitation, and regulating its activity could be a feasible way to increase heat-sensitization response, improving the effect of moxibustion.
Molecular Mechanism of Jinchan Oral Liquid in the Treatment of Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Shen Li , Jiang Yiguo , Lu Jinmiao , Wang Guangfei , Zhang Xiaolan , He Sumei , Wang Cheng , Li Zhiping
Published: August 2021

Objective. Exploration of the underlying molecular mechanism of Jinchan Oral Liquid (JOL) in treating children with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia to provide new evidence for the clinical application. Methods. The active components and target genes of JOL were screened by the TCMSP database. The targets of RSV pneumonia were obtained from the GeneCards, OMIM, DrugBank, and PharmGKB database. Then, we constructed the active component‐target network and screened the core genes. The overlaps were screened for PPI network analysis, GO analysis, and KEGG analysis. Finally, result validation was performed by molecular docking. Results. According to the screening criteria of the ADME, 74 active compounds of JOL were obtained; after removing redundant targets, we selected 180 potential targets. By screening the online database, 893 RSV pneumonia‐related targets were obtained. A total of 82 overlapping genes were chosen by looking for the intersection. The STRING online database was used to acquire PPI relationships, and 16 core genes were obtained. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the main pathways of JOL in treating RSV pneumonia include TNF signaling pathway and IL17 signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that the active compounds of JOL had a good affinity with the core genes. Conclusion. In this study, we preliminarily discussed the main active ingredients, related targets, and pathways of JOL and predicted the pharmacodynamic basis and the potential therapeutic mechanisms of RSV pneumonia. In summary, the network pharmacology strategy may be helpful for the discovery of multitarget drugs against complex diseases.
Cross‐Talk between Oxidative Stress and m6A RNA Methylation in Cancer
Authors: Yang Baishuang , Chen Qiong
Published: August 2021

Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation. Excessive ROS levels are an important factor in tumor development. Damage stimulation and excessive activation of oncogenes cause elevated ROS production in cancer, accompanied by an increase in the antioxidant capacity to retain redox homeostasis in tumor cells at an increased level. Although moderate concentrations of ROS produced in cancer cells contribute to maintaining cell survival and cancer progression, massive ROS accumulation can exert toxicity, leading to cancer cell death. RNA modification is a posttranscriptional control mechanism that regulates gene expression and RNA metabolism, and m6A RNA methylation is the most common type of RNA modification in eukaryotes. m6A modifications can modulate cellular ROS levels through different mechanisms. It is worth noting that ROS signaling also plays a regulatory role in m6A modifications. In this review, we concluded the effects of m6A modification and oxidative stress on tumor biological functions. In particular, we discuss the interplay between oxidative stress and m6A modifications.
Hybrid Improved Bird Swarm Algorithm with Extreme Learning Machine for Short‐Term Power Prediction in Photovoltaic Power Generation System
Authors: Wu Dongchun , Kan Jiarong , Lin Hsiung-Cheng , Li Shaoyong
Published: August 2021

When a photovoltaic (PV) system is connected to the electric power grid, the power system reliability may be exposed to a threat due to its inherent randomness and volatility. Consequently, predicting PV power generation becomes necessary for reasonable power distribution scheduling. A hybrid model based on an improved bird swarm algorithm (IBSA) with extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm, i.e., IBSAELM, was developed in this study for better prediction of the short‐term PV output power. The IBSA model was initially used to optimize the hidden layer threshold and input weight of the ELM model. Further, the obtained optimal parameters were input into the ELM model for predicting short‐term PV power. The results revealed that the IBSAELM model is superior in terms of the prediction accuracy compared to existing methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), back propagation neural network (BP), Gaussian process regression (GPR), and bird swarm algorithm with extreme learning machine (BSAELM) models. Accordingly, it achieved great benefits in terms of the utilization efficiency of whole power generation. Furthermore, the stability of the power grid was well maintained, resulting in balanced power generation, transmission, and electricity consumption.
Pangasius Fish Skin and Swim Bladder as Gelatin Sources for Hard Capsule Material
Authors: Nurilmala Mala , Darmawan Noviyan , Putri Erin Apriliani Wulandari , Jacoeb Agoes M. , Irawadi Tun Tedja
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we report the extraction and characterization of gelatin from the abundant industrial fishery waste of Pangasius skin and swim bladder and its application as the base material for hard capsule shells. The yield of gelatin ranged between 19 and 23%, content of moisture is 7.6–9.2%, ash is 1.1–1.7%, pH is 4.1–5.2, gel strength is 238–278 bloom, and viscosity is 65–74.7% mP. SDS-PAGE showed all gelatins have chains of α1, α2, and β-peptides. The skin, swim bladder, and mixed gelatins were successfully used in the production of hard capsule shells. The dimensions, weight, disintegration time, and water content properties of the hard capsules from these Pangasius wastes were akin to the standards of commercial capsules.
Based on Network Pharmacology to Explore the Potential Bioactive Compounds and Mechanisms of Zuojin Pill for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Wei Ying , Ren Sichen , Wang Ruilin , Jing Manyi , Liu Honghong , Wang Min , Song Hongtao , Zhao Yanling
Published: August 2021

Background. Zuojin Pill (ZJP), a classic prescription, has the potential to prevent ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the active components and mechanisms of ZJP are still arcane. This study aimed to use a network pharmacology approach to find the bioactive compounds and potential action mechanisms of ZJP in the treatment of UC. Methods. Firstly, the components and putative targets of ZJP were collected based on herbal medicine target databases, and a network containing the interaction between the targets of ZJP and the potential therapeutic targets of UC was established. Then, topological parameters were calculated to identify the key targets in the network and, in turn, to import them into the David database to perform path enrichment analysis. Results. 14 potential therapeutic components of ZJP and 26 key targets were obtained. These targets were related to signal transduction, MAPK cascade, inflammatory response, immune response, and the apoptotic process of UC. Moreover, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and Prolactin signaling pathway were predicted to participate in ZJP treating UC. Among them, 14 active components of ZJP directly regulate these pathways. Conclusion. ZJP could alleviate UC through the predicted components and mechanisms. The 14 predicted active components of ZJP may mainly play a therapeutic role for UC through synergistic regulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway.
Design and Implementation of a Rural Social Security System Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Yan
Published: August 2021

After the reform and opening up, my country’s economic level and total national strength have achieved unprecedented growth. The building of a well‐off society in an all‐round way is moving towards a harmonious society. The development of social security is also an important part of the development and improvement of a socialist harmonious society. This article is aimed at designing a rural social security system based on deep learning algorithms, using sample collection and statistical analysis methods, collecting samples, simplifying the algorithm, and establishing a new rural social security system. The data collected by the system shows that the proportion of farmers who choose very satisfied, satisfied, average, dissatisfied, and very dissatisfied with the satisfaction of the new rural insurance is 8.94%, 45.53%, 34.96%, 8.13%, and 2.44%. It can be seen that the proportion of farmers who choose to be satisfied is the largest, and more than 10.0% of farmers choose to be dissatisfied or very dissatisfied. Investigate the factors that farmers worry about participating in the new rural insurance, and the questionnaire options can also be set to multiple choices. The survey results show that 29.27% of the farmers think that the individual payment for participating in the new rural insurance is higher; 26.02% of the farmers believe that they do not understand the new rural insurance system; 9.76% of the farmers believe that it is unnecessary to pay for the new rural insurance; 22.76% of farmers choose to rely on themselves or their children in the future; 27.64% of farmers think that the system is unstable. It has basically realized the design of a brand new rural social security system starting from the deep learning of semantic computing.
FQ‐MEC: Fuzzy‐Based Q‐Learning Approach for Mobility‐Aware Energy‐Efficient Clustering in MANET
Authors: Khatoon Naghma , Pranav Prashant , Roy Sharmistha , Amritanjali
Published: August 2021

Different schemes have been proposed for increasing network lifetime in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) where nodes move uncertainly in any direction. Mobility awareness and energy efficiency are two inescapable optimization problems in such networks. Clustering is an important technique to improve scalability and network lifetime, as it relies on grouping mobile nodes into logical subgroups, called clusters, to facilitate network management. One of the challenging issues in this domain is to design a real‐time routing protocol that efficiently prolongs the network lifetime in MANET. In this paper, a novel fuzzy‐based Q‐learning approach for mobility‐aware energy‐efficient clustering (FQMEC) is proposed that relies on deciding the behavioral pattern of the nodes based on their stability and residual energy. Also, Chebyshev’s inequality principle is applied to get node connectivity for load balancing by taking history from the monitoring phase to increase the learning accuracy. Extensive simulations are performed using the NS‐2 network simulator, and the proposed scheme is compared with reinforcement learning (RL). The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed protocol regarding network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, average end‐to‐end delay, and energy consumption.
[Retracted] Research on Acquisition and Tracking Algorithm of Global Satellite Positioning Receiver Based on UWB
Authors: Yang Li , Sun Danshi , Ruan Haote
Published: August 2021

In order to overcome the problems of the traditional algorithm, such as the time‐consuming execution of acquisition instructions, low signal tracking accuracy, and low signal capture accuracy, a global satellite positioning receiver acquisition and tracking algorithm based on UWB technology is designed in this study. On the basis of expounding the pulse generation method and working principle in UWB technology, this paper analyzes in detail the characteristics of UWB technology, such as antimultipath, low power consumption, and strong penetration. Then, on the basis of window function filtering, in the process of three‐dimensional search of global satellite positioning signal, firstly, the satellite signal entering the GPS software receiver is processed by RF front‐end mixing and AD sampling, and then, the signal tracking and navigation message solving are completed according to the relationship between the influence factor and Doppler frequency offset. The experimental results show that the execution time of the acquisition instruction of the proposed algorithm varies between 1129 ms and 1617 ms; the signal tracking accuracy ranges between 0.931 and 0.951, and the signal capture accuracy ranges between 93.3% and 95.6%, which proves that the proposed algorithm has achieved the design expectation.
X‐Ray Equipped with Artificial Intelligence: Changing the COVID‐19 Diagnostic Paradigm during the Pandemic
Authors: Ghaderzadeh Mustafa , Aria Mehrad , Asadi Farkhondeh
Published: August 2021

Purpose. Due to the excessive use of raw materials in diagnostic tools and equipment during the COVID‐19 pandemic, there is a dire need for cheaper and more effective methods in the healthcare system. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) methods in medical sciences as low‐cost and safer diagnostic methods, researchers have turned their attention to the use of imaging tools with AI that have fewer complications for patients and reduce the consumption of healthcare resources. Despite its limitations, X‐ray is suggested as the first‐line diagnostic modality for detecting and screening COVID‐19 cases. Method. This systematic review assessed the current state of AI applications and the performance of algorithms in X‐ray image analysis. The search strategy yielded 322 results from four databases and google scholar, 60 of which met the inclusion criteria. The performance statistics included the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Result. The average sensitivity and specificity of CXR equipped with AI algorithms for COVID‐19 diagnosis were >96% (83%‐100%) and 92% (80%‐100%), respectively. For common X‐ray methods in COVID‐19 detection, these values were 0.56 (95% CI 0.51‐0.60) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.54‐0.65), respectively. AI has substantially improved the diagnostic performance of X‐rays in COVID‐19. Conclusion. X‐rays equipped with AI can serve as a tool to screen the cases requiring CT scans. The use of this tool does not waste time or impose extra costs, has minimal complications, and can thus decrease or remove unnecessary CT slices and other healthcare resources.
Dynamical Behavior and the Classification of Single Traveling Wave Solutions for the Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with Variable Coefficients
Authors: Li Zhao , Li Peng , Han Tianyong
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the dynamical properties and the classification of single traveling wave solutions of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients are investigated by utilizing the bifurcation theory and the complete discrimination system method. Firstly, coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients are transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by the traveling wave transformations. Then, phase portraits of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients are plotted by selecting the suitable parameters. Furthermore, the traveling wave solutions of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients which correspond to phase orbits are easily obtained by applying the method of planar dynamical systems, which can help us to further understand the propagation of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients in nonlinear optics. Finally, the periodic wave solutions, implicit analytical solutions, hyperbolic function solutions, and Jacobian elliptic function solutions of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with variable coefficients are constructed.
miR-149 Alleviates Ox-LDL-Induced Endothelial Cell Injury by Promoting Autophagy through Akt/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Zhu Zhongsheng , Li Jinyu , Tong Rui , Zhang Xiaorong , Yu Bo
Published: August 2021

Background. Atherosclerosis is a chronic process that takes place in the vascular wall and causes various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Micro-RNA-149 (miR-149) mediates many physiological and pathological processes, including atherosclerosis. However, it is unclear about the roles of miR-149 in endothelial injury. Here, we explored the protective effect and related mechanism of miR-149 in endothelial cells induced with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Methods. Human endothelial cell lines (HUVECs) were exposed to ox-LDL to induce endothelial injury. Cell viability was determined by the CCK-8 assay. Autophagy was detected by immunofluorescence. RT-qPCR and western blot were carried out to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of Akt and mTOR. Results. The miR-149 level in HUVECs was reduced by ox-LDL (100 μg/mL) incubation in a time-dependent manner. miR-149-mimic transfection markedly protected HUVECs from ox-LDL-induced injury, with increased cell viability and reduced caspase-3 activity. miR-149 mimics enhanced HUVEC autophagy, which was induced initially by ox-LDL. miR-149 mimics also markedly downregulated the expression of Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, and p-mTOR in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. The miR-149-induced protection against HUVECs injury could be reversed by cotreatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) or insulin (an activator of Akt/mTOR pathway). Conclusions. miR-149 prevents ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury by enhancing autophagy via increasing Akt and mTOR expressions.
Unsuccessful Intubation and Stabilization by Laryngeal Mask Airway in the Delivery Room: A Case of Tracheal Atresia
Authors: Smith Mark Cody , Kiefer Autumn , Bailey C. Eric
Published: August 2021

A term male newborn infant was apneic at birth, and endotracheal intubation was unsuccessful. He was stabilized for transport with a laryngeal mask airway. Laryngoscopy revealed tracheal atresia with intrathoracic distal tracheoesophageal fistula. A laryngeal mask airway may provide ventilation in tracheal atresia patients with a fistula.
Retinal Displacement: Providing New Insights for Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Houle Olivier , You Eunice , Hébert Mélanie , Jin Shicheng , Qi Susan Ruyu , Dirani Ali
Published: August 2021

Purpose. To review the current literature on retinal displacement and provide a discussion of potential risk factors, postoperative outcomes, and future directions. Methods. Two databases, MEDLINE and EMBASE, were mined using a directed search strategy to identify all articles on retinal displacement. Results. We identified 1522 articles. A total of n = 14 articles were retained. We provide an overview on the potential influence of surgical type (n = 4), tamponade agents (n = 5), postoperative posture (n = 6), and preoperative retinal status (n = 5) on incidence of retinal displacement and visual outcomes (n = 8). Discussion. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with gas tamponade is associated with displacement rates of up to 72%, typically in a downward direction. Meanwhile, pneumatic retinopexy and PPV with silicone oil may offer similar surgical success with a significantly lower risk of displacement. The impact of heavy liquids such as perfluorocarbon liquid, postoperative positioning and preoperative extent of detachment on displacement remains inconclusive. Patients with displacement had a significantly lower visual acuity and higher rates of distortion than those without displacement. However, not all patients with displacement experienced visual symptoms. Conclusion. Retinal displacement is a new concept in our understanding of retinal detachment. Additional studies are needed to better define its impact on postsurgical outcomes.
Construction and Evaluation of a Rat Model of Postpartum Fatigue
Authors: Bai Ting , Wu Fan , Yan Shuhan , Zhang Feng , Xu Xujuan
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The aim of the study was to construct and evaluate a rat model of postpartum fatigue. Design: This is an article about animal model building. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats on the 1st day after delivery were randomized into control group and fatigue group. The deep sleep of rats was interfered with by forcing them to stand in water, to make the rats experience mental and physical fatigue. To maintain galactosis and lactation, rats and pups were caged for 90 min after every 3 h of separation. The control group was separated routinely without any stimulus. The model was evaluated from mental and physical fatigue on the 8th day and 15th day. The mental fatigue was evaluated by a water maze test and the rat’s 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level in hippocampus, while the physical fatigue was evaluated using lactic acid level in serum and duration of weight-loaded forced swimming. Results: Among the 7-day and 14-day modeling groups, compared with the control group, the success rate of water maze landing was significantly decreased, the time for water maze landing was significantly prolonged and 5-HT level in hippocampus significantly decreased in the fatigue group. With respect to physical fatigue, among the 7-day and 14-day modeling groups, the lactic acid level in serum in the fatigue group was significantly increased, and the duration of exhaustive swimming of rats was significantly shortened. Limitations: A small sample size was the main limitation of this study. Conclusions: We have successfully constructed a rat model of postpartum fatigue by forcing postpartum rats to stand in water, which was similar to a level of stress that contributes to the development of postpartum fatigue. Our model opens the door for future studies evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacological and behavioral therapies.
Der «Tiger im Tank»: Anti-VEGF-Langzeittherapie der neovaskulären AMD mit dem Port-Delivery-System
Authors: Hattenbach Lars-Olof , Wolf Armin
Published: August 2021

Das Port-Delivery-System (PDS) mit Ranibizumab ist ein perma­nentes, nachfüllbares Augenimplantat in der Größe eines Reiskorns, das so konzipiert ist, dass es im Laufe der Zeit kontinuierlich Ranibizumab in das Auge abgibt. Ranibizumab ist ein Inhibitor des vaskulären endothelialen Wachstumsfaktors (VEGF), das eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Bildung neuer Blutgefäße und Gefäßleckagen spielt.
Abstract 02: Distribution Of Predicted Cardiovascular And All-cause Mortality Benefit Of Intensive Vs Standard Blood Pressure Control Among Us Adults Eligible For The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial
Authors: Derington Catherine G , Bellows Brandon , Tajeu Gabriel S , Herrick Jennifer S , Berchie Ransmond O , Ying Jian , Sakhuja Swati , Greene Tom , Ruiz-negron Natalia , Howard George , Levitan Emily B , Muntner Paul , Safford Monika M , Weintraub William S , Moran Andrew E , Bress Adam P
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
If resources are scarce, achieving national SBP control goals will require prioritizing treatment among those likely to benefit. To identify patients with greatest predicted benefit with intensive SBP treatment and estimate population sizes, we applied algorithms to community samples who met the SPRINT enrollment criteria.

Methods:
The published algorithms separately predict the absolute risk reduction in CVD events and mortality at 3.26 years with intensive (<120 mm Hg) vs standard (<140 mm Hg) SBP lowering. We applied and calibrated the algorithms to SPRINT standard arm participants (n=4 399) and samples meeting SPRINT enrollment criteria from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, n=1 297) and the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS, n=2 785). Predicted absolute risk reduction estimated number needed to treat (NNT), categorized as <50, 50-100, and ≥100. Observed 3.26 year CVD event (SPRINT, REGARDS) and mortality rates (all cohorts) were calculated.

Results:
The median ages were 67 (SPRINT), 69 (NHANES), and 72 (REGARDS). Greater proportions of NHANES and REGARDS vs SPRINT had predicted NNT <100 for CVD events (NHANES 94.8%, REGARDS 99.2%, SPRINT 87.8%) and mortality (NHANES 64.3%, REGARDS 63.7%, SPRINT 38.8%) (
Table
). Event rates were comparable within NNT groups.

Conclusions:
Predicted NNT distributions differ between cohorts but event rates are similar. Most adults who meet SPRINT enrollment criteria have predicted NNT <100 for CVD and mortality with intensive SBP treatment. These results suggest that published algorithms can identify those most likely to benefit and can guide implementation.
Abstract 03: Ablation Of Endothelial Dysfunction Improves Blood Pressure And Fetal Growth Restriction In A Mouse Model Of Preeclampsia-like Hyperleptinemia
Authors: Faulkner Jessica L , Wright Derrian , Kennard Simone , Antonova Galina , Jaffe Iris Z , Belin De Chantemele Eric J
Published: August 2021

Placental ischemia, an initiating event of preeclampsia (PE), increases plasma leptin levels. We recently developed a model of midgestation (gestation day (GD)11-18) leptin infusion mimicking the midgestation rise in leptin levels of PE patients. Our previous work demonstrates that deletion of endothelial mineralocorticoid receptors (ECMR) improves markers of vascular dysfunction in leptin-infused female mice. We hypothesized vascular function improvement with ECMR deletion ablates hypertension and fetal growth restriction in pregnant leptin-infused mice. Pregnant ECMR
+/+
(WT) and ECMR
-/-
(KO) mice were infused with vehicle or leptin by osmotic pump (lep, 0.9mg/kg/day, s.c.) on GD11-18 while implanted with radiotelemeters for conscious blood pressure (BP) measurement and wire myography of thoracic aorta and 2
nd
order mesenteric arteries at GD18 (*=P<0.05). Leptin infusion did not decrease maternal weight in any groups. Leptin decreased pup weight (0.86±0.04g WT vs 0.52±0.11 WT+lep*) and placental efficiency (pup/placenta ratio) (9.7±0.7 WT vs 7.9±0.6 WT+lep*) in WT pregnant mice. ECMR deletion prevented leptin-mediated decreases in pup weight (0.91±0.06g KO vs 1.0±0.07 KO+lep) and placental efficiency (9.6±0.5 KO vs 9.4±1.2 KO+lep). Mean arterial pressure (BP) increased in leptin-infused WT (102±3mmHg WT vs 120±12 WT+lep*), but not KO (107±2 KO vs 106±8 KO+lep), mice from GD11-18. Leptin infusion reduced acetylcholine-mediated relaxation in both aorta and mesenteric arteries of WT* and constriction to KCl in mesenteric arteries in WT*, but not KO, pregnant mice (2-way ANOVA, repeated measures). Leptin increased plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1, 1.1±0.3 pg/ml WT vs 4.4±1.8 WT+lep*), placental mRNA expression of prepro-ET-1 (1.9±0.3-fold change from WT*) and ET-1 converting enzyme-1 (1.6±0.3-fold change from WT*) in pregnant WT mice. Leptin infusion also increased adrenal aldosterone-synthase protein (1.4±0.4 WT ratio/β actin vs 3.2±0.3 WT+lep*) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor b (3.5±0.8-fold change from WT*) mRNA in pregnant mice. Collectively, these data indicate that leptin infusion induces hypertension and fetal growth restriction in pregnant mice due to vascular dysfunction and increased ECMR activation in pregnant mice.
Abstract 06: Mechanisms And Consequences Of Casein Kinase II And Ankyrin 3 Regulation Of The Epithelial Sodium Channel
Authors: Abd El-AZiz Tarek M , Stockand James D , Soares Antonio
Published: August 2021

Activity of the Epithelial Na+ Channel (ENaC) in the distal nephron fine-tunes renal sodium excretion. Appropriate sodium excretion is a key factor in the regulation of blood pressure. Consequently, abnormalities in ENaC function can cause hypertension. Casein Kinase II (CKII) phosphorylates ENaC. The CKII phosphorylation site in ENaC resides within a canonical “anchor” ankyrin binding motif. CKII-dependent phosphorylation of ENaC is necessary and sufficient to increase channel activity and is thought to influence channel trafficking in a manner that increases activity. We test here the hypothesis that phosphorylation of ENaC by CKII within an anchor motif is necessary for ankyrin-3 (Ank-3) regulation of the channel, which is required for normal channel locale and function, and the proper regulation of renal sodium excretion. This was addressed using a fluorescence imaging strategy combining total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to quantify ENaC expression in the plasma membrane in living cells; and electrophysiology to quantify ENaC activity in split-open collecting ducts from principal cell-specific Ank-3 knockout mice. Sodium excretion studies also were performed in parallel in this knockout mouse. In addition, we substituted a key serine residue in the consensus CKII site in β-ENaC with alanine to abrogate phosphorylation and disrupt the anchor motif. Findings show that disrupting CKII signaling decreases ENaC activity by decreasing expression in the plasma membrane. In the principal cell-specific Ank-3 KO mouse, ENaC activity and sodium excretion were significantly decreased and increased, respectively. These results are consistent with CKII phosphorylation of ENaC functioning as a “switch” that favors Ank-3 binding to increase channel activity.
Abstract 09: Mtor Inhibition Decreases Ligand-induced Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activation
Authors: Ali Yusuf , Gomez-sanchez Elise P , Gomez-sanchez Celso E
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
ULK1 phosphorylates the MR at S843, decreasing its ligand binding and transcriptional activity. Angiotensin II-induced mTOR phosphorylation of ULK1 inactivates ULK1, preventing its phosphorylation of MR.

Aim:
Further elucidate the role of mTOR in the regulation of MR transcriptional activity.

Methods:
M1 mouse cortical collecting duct cells stably transduced with the rat MR cDNA and a MMTV-
Gaussia
luciferase reporter gene, were incubated with an mTOR activator and several inhibitors, +/- aldosterone or corticosterone. Similar studies were done after lentiviral transduction of CRISPR/gRNA for raptor and rictor genes or mutated MR (mu/S843A) cDNA.

Results:
mTOR inhibition significantly decreased ligand activation of the MR reporter gene, while the mTOR activator MHY1485 had no effect suggesting that mTOR is tonically active. MR activation induced by aldosterone and corticosterone was also decreased by CRISPR/gRNA gene knockdown of raptor and rictor, the adaptors of mTOR complex 1 and 2, respectively, supporting a role for mTOR. The mTOR inhibitor AZD8055 (AZD) reduced phospho-ULK1 and attenuated ligand-mediated MR transactivation in a dose-dependent manner. The ULK1 inhibitor MRT68921 increased MR transactivation. We speculated that mTOR decreased ULK1 activity by phosphorylating it, thereby preventing ULK1 phosphorylation of the MR at Serine (S843). However, when M1 cells were transduced with an MR cDNA in which S843 was replaced with Alanine that cannot be phosphorylated, ligand-induced activation of the mu/S843A MR was still decreased by AZD, but unchanged by MRT68921. This suggests that mTOR has an additional effect on MR activity unrelated to ULK1 activity. AZD also decreased P70S6K and AKT phosphorylation in these cells.

Conclusions:
mTOR phosphorylation of ULK1 prevents its phosphorylation of the MR and reduction of MR transcriptional activity. mTOR inhibitors and deletion of raptor and rictor decreased MR transcriptional activity. mTOR has additional positive effects on MR activity possibly related to its phosphorylation of AKT and P70S6K. Inhibition of mTOR action may be a useful target for mitigating excessive MR activation.