bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Konsumsi fast food dan soft drink sebagai faktor risiko obesitas pada remaja
Authors: Rafiony Ayu , Purba Martalena Br , Pramantara I Dewa Putu
Published: April 2017

Background: Recently, obesity has become health problem which was frequently associated with an increased occurrence of non-communicable diseases. The prevalence of obesity has been increasing in both developed and developing countries. The increasing prevalence of obesity was marked by a shift in eating pattern composition containing high fat, cholesterol, but low in fiber such as consumption of fast food and soft drinks. The imbalance of nutrient intake was one of the risk factors for the emergence of obesity in adolescents. Obesity in adolescents at risk of becoming obese in adulthood and potentially can lead to cardiovascular and metabolic diseasesObjective: This study aimed to find out the prevalence of obesity and to investigate risk factors for energy intake and frequency of consumption of fast food and soft drinks on the incidence of obesity in high school students in Pontianak.Method: This research was an observational study which involves case-control design. The samples in this study are 160 students consisting of 80 obese high school teenagers and 80 non-obese high school teenagers. The choice for a subject of research used proportional stratified random sampling. Measurement of obesity status subject was taken by the measurement of weight and height based on the reference standard WHO / NCHS. It also involves data intake of fast food and soft drinks based on interviews with SQFFQ. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression.Results: The prevalence of obesity in high school teenagers in Pontianak was 9.29%. The bivariate test result showed no association  between total  energy intake of fast food and obesity (p<0.05; OR=2.27; 95% CI: 1.12-4.64). The relationship between the consumption of modern energy intake of fast food, fast food and soft drink with the local obesity was not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was a relationship between the frequency of total  fast food and of the local fast food consumption with obesity (p<0.05; OR=2.03; 95% CI: 1.03-4.00), (p<0.05; OR=2.63; 95% CI: 1.33-5.25). The relationship between the frequency of fast food consumption in total modern fast food and soft drinks and obesity was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that the total energy intake was the most dominant factor to the onset of obesity (p<0.05; OR=5.27; 95% CI: 1.64-16.97).Conclusion: Consumption of fast food was a risk factor for obesity in high school teenagers in Pontianak. On the other hand,  soft drink consumption did not become the risk factor for obesity in teens high school in Pontianak.
Clinical practice guideline. Integral Care Guidelines for the prevention, early detection and treatment of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium complications: Section on toxoplasmosis in pregnancy
Authors: Cortesa Jorge Alberto , Gómez Jorge Enrique , Silva Pedro Ignacio , Arévalo Leonardo , Arevalo Rodriguez Ingrid , Álvarez Martha Isabel , Beltran Sandra , Corrales Ivohne Fernanda , Angel Mulleri Edith , Ruiz German , Gómez Pio Ivan
Published: April 2017

Tooplasma infection, an aspect included in the Integral Care Guidelines for prevention, early detection and treatment of complications during pregnancy developed and sponsored by the Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, Colciencias and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection; was selected to develop recommendations that may contribute to its prevention diagnostic and treatment. Guidelines were developed through systematic review of literature, two panels of evaluation, gradation of evidence: SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network), discussion panel with users and patients, external evaluation and socioeconomical evaluation of the impact of recommendations. The Toxoplasma gondii infection that occurs during pregnancy may cause serious complications for the fetus and important sequelae for the newborn. A clinical guideline based on the best available scientific evidence, with emphasis on Colombian references, was performed. Experts in parasitology, neonatology and infectious diseases (adult and pediatric) developed the recommendations. It is suggested that the recommendations included in this guideline be followed by healthcare professionals in pregnancy care programs nationwide, with the purpose of lowering the morbidity and mortality related to this disease. Specific recommendations for diagnosis during the first trimester of the pregnancy, recommendations for prevention in noninfected women, identification of fetal or newborn infection and recommendations for treatment in those given cases are included.
Epidemiología molecular del virus de la hepatitis C.
Authors: Salvatierra Karina
Published: April 2017

La infección crónica provocada por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) sigue siendo un gran problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, afecta a unos 200 millones de personas en el mundo. Se trata de la primera primera causa de trasplante y de muerte de origen hepático. La evolución natural de la enfermedad es el desarrollo de cirrosis y el riesgo de desarrollo de hepatocarcinoma. Es una enfermedad silenciosa, cuyo diagnóstico mediante la clínica supone detectarla en fases avanzadas. El diagnóstico inicial se realiza mediante la detección de anticuerpos anti-VHC y se confirma demostrando la replicación viral. La indicación de tratamiento se establece tras la evaluación del grado de fibrosis y el genotipo de VHC que ha infectado al paciente.
Escherichia Coli productora de Nueva Delhi metalo-β-lactamasa en Colombia: reporte de caso
Authors: Correa Cristian , Castro Elena , Salamanca Diana , Bustacara Luz , Lemos Elkin
Published: April 2017

Notificamos un caso de infección por Escherichia coli productora de Nueva Delhi metalo-b-lactamasa (NDM) en un paciente que desarrolló un absceso subcapsular hepático como complicación de una colecistectomía laparoscópica. La NDM es una carbapenemasa adquirida tipo Ambler B, que confiere resistencia a todos los b-lactámicos, excepto al aztreonam, aunque existen reportes de resistencia a este último. En Colombia, la primera descripción de cepas productoras de NDM se realizó en aislamientos de Klebsiella pneumoniae en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales en Bogotá. Desde entonces se han realizado reportes de distintas cepas, siendo esta la primera reportada en el país relacionada con Escherichia coli productora de NDM.
Algunas consideraciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas del paciente con síndrome febril en Colombia
Authors: Faccini-Martínez Álvaro A. , Botero-García Carlos A. , Pérez-Díaz Carlos E. , Rodríguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: April 2017

Algunas consideraciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas del paciente con síndrome febril en Colombia
Zmiany w procedurze badania wiarygodności kredytobiorców
Authors: Bielawska Aurelia
Published: April 2017

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zmian w procedurze badania wiarygodności kredytobiorców, których całkowite wdrożenie przewidywane jest do 2019 roku i rekomendowanie przedsiębiorstwom podjęcia działań, dzięki którym mogą umożliwić sobie trwały rozwój i jednocześnie pozytywnie wpłynąć na swoją notę ratingową. Wysoka nota ratingowa otrzymana według kryterium Bazylea III może zapewnić przedsiębiorstwu korzystne warunki kredytowania i zmniejszenie kosztów finansowania działalności. Artykuł został napisany na podstawie studiów obowiązujących aktów prawnych, literatury przedmiotu i polityki zarządzania ryzykiem w banku.
Wpływ zmian standardów opcji na rynek opcji indeksowych na giełdzie papierów wartościowych w Warszawie
Authors: Królik-Kołtunik Katarzyna
Published: April 2017

Opcje są pochodnymi instrumentami finansowymi pozwalającymi na konstruowanie wielu strategii inwestycyjnych. Warunkiem ich budowania jest odpowiednia różnorodność instrumentów i ich płynność. Władze warszawskiej giełdy modyfikują standardy opcji odpowiadając na potrzeby inwestorów. Celem niniejszej pracy jest określenie, czy działania w tym zakresie spowodowały wzrost zainteresowania opcjami indeksowymi na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie. W badaniach poddano analizie różne parametry rynku opcji m.in. liczbę serii, wolumen i wartość obrotu, a także liczbę otwartych pozycji.
The transfer voltage standard for calibration outside of a laboratory
Authors: Urekar Marjan , Gazivoda Nemanja
Published: April 2017

The transfer voltage standard is designed for transferring the analog voltage
from a calibrator to the process control workstation for multi-electrode
electrolysis process in a plating plant. Transfer voltage standard is based
on polypropylene capacitors and operational amplifiers with tera-ohm range
input resistance needed for capacitor self-discharging effect cancellation.
Dielectric absorption effect is described. An instrument for comparison of
reference and control voltages is devised, based on precise window
comparator. Detailed description of the main task is given, including
constraints, theoretical and practical solutions. Procedure for usage of the
standard outside of a laboratory conditions is explained. Comparison of
expected and realized standard characteristics is given.
Hall current and joule heating effects on free convection flow of a nanofluid over a vertical cone in presence of thermal radiation
Authors: Abbas Wael , Sayed Emad
Published: April 2017

The effects of Hall current and Joule heating on flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid along a vertical cone in the presence of thermal radiation is considered. The flow is subjected to a uniform strong transverse magnetic field normal to the cone surface. Similarity transformations are used to convert the non-linear boundary- layer equations for momentum and energy equations to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations which are then solved numerically with appropriate boundary conditions. The solutions are presented in terms of local skin friction, local Nusselt number, velocity, and temperature profiles for values of magnetic parameter, Hall parameter, Eckert number, radiation parameter, and nanoparticle volume fraction. Comparison of the numerical results made with previously published results under the special cases, the results are found to be in an excellent agreement. It is also found that, nanoparticle volume fraction parameter and types of nanofluid play an important role to significantly determine the flow behavior.
Cross-Layer Optimization for Video-streaming Transmission with QoS over Ad Hoc Networks: A Holistic Approach
Authors: Díaz Delgado Guillermo
Published: April 2017

In this paper we present ViStA-XL, a Cross-Layer (XL) design aiming to optimize the overall performance of videostreaming services over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). The idea relies on applying optimization strategies to different network layers in a holistic way. In ViStA-XL, a real-time Optimizer (XLO) periodically gathers information of the state of node and network from different layers of the stack of protocols, takes optimization decisions, and then modifies some parameters of the protocols accordingly. In addition, our proposal exploits path diversity through MM-DSR (Multipath MultimediaDynamic Source Routing) protocol as a means to reinforce the Quality of Service (QoS) provision to multi-layer encoded videostreaming applications, by protecting the most important video information packets, balancing the load and decreasing the endto-end delay. To show the advantages of our approach, we have developed and tested an algorithm based on ViStA-XL. Simulation results show that our proposed network design can improve the performance of video-streaming transmissions over MANETs in spite of frequent changes in network and node operating conditions.
Reliable Multicast Transport for Heterogeneous Mobile IP environment using Cross-Layer Information
Authors: Miloucheva Ilka
Published: April 2017

Reliable multicast transport architecture designed for heterogeneous mobile IP environment using cross-layerinformation for enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) and seamless handover is discussed. In particular, application-specific reliable multicast retransmission schemes are proposed, which are aimed to minimize the protocol overhead taking into account behaviour of mobile receivers (loss of connectivity and handover) and the specific application requirements for reliable delivery (such as carousel, one-to-many download and streaming deliverycombined with recording). The proposed localized retransmission strategies are flexible configured for tree-based multicast transport. Cross layer interactions in order to enhance reliable transport and support seamless handover is discussed considering IEEE 802.21 media independent handover mechanisms. The implementation is based on Linux IPv6 environment. Simulations in ns2 focusing on the benefits of the proposed multicast retransmission schemes for particular application scenarios are presented.
Error Probability Bound Considering Beat Noise in 2-D OCDMA Systems
Authors: Julien-Vergonjanne Anne
Published: April 2017

Considering a 2-Dimensional Optical Code Division Multiple Access (2-D OCDMA) system using spreading codes in both time and wavelength domains, we study in this paper theimpact on the performance of one of the most predominantperformance limitation which is beat noise due to the photodetection. The beat noise impact is correlated with the wellknown OCDMA limitation named Multiple Access Interference (MAI). Our contribution is to assess, through a theoretical analysis, an error probability bound of a system working in incoherent or partially coherent optical regime. Thanks to the theoretical error probability expression we have developed, the specifications and requirements needed to neglect beat noise effect in a 2-D OCDMA system with a conventional receiver are easily obtained. For a targeted Bit Error Rate (BER), and a given number of active users, one can determine from our results, the 2-D code family parameters, the available data rate and the optical source characteristics, required to be free of beatnoise impact.
Política Organizacional Percebida e Incidência de Turnover dos Funcionários: Um Estudo Longitudinal na Nigéria
Authors: Abubakar Ramatu Abdulkareem , Abdullahi Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: April 2017

Although prior research has demonstrated that perceived organizational politics were positively related to employee turnover intention, however, little is known about possible causal explanations for the relationship between the two variables. To address this gap, a longitudinal design was employed to examine the relationship between perceived organizational politics and employee turnover intention with data collected over a two-year time period. Specifically, one hundred and seventy five Registered Nurses from government hospitals in Nigeria completed measures of perceived organizational politics and employee turnover intention at 2 times 16 months apart. There was empirical evidence, based on results of longitudinal regression analyses to support either the hypothesis that perceived organizational politics increases employee turnover intention or the hypothesis that employee turnover intention lead to organizational politics. However, employee turn   over intention. and perceived organizational politics were found to change instantaneously. Implications of the results are discussed
Equipe empreendedor Troika: Uma chamada em pesquisa Integrativa relacionada a habilidades sobre confiança, conflito e diversidade.
Authors: Khan Mohammad Saud
Published: April 2017

During the last four decades entrepreneurship research has established itself as a legitimate area of enquiry, which requires a concentrated and coordinated effort towards studying the context in entrepreneurial activity. In doing so, it is understood that entrepreneurial teams form the core of most start-ups at some point of their new venture journey. Furthermore, three crucial aspects of this vital unit of analysis (entrepreneurial team) are trust, conflict and diversity which shape the ultimate success of a firm. This paper presents a contextually developed research agenda based on a critical evaluation and synthesis of findings from literature pointing towards an integrative approach of viewing the three topics viz a viz team entrepreneurship.
Impacto das exportações de alta tecnologia no crescimento econômico: evidências empíricas do Paquistão
Authors: Usman Muhammad
Published: April 2017

The goal of this study is to explore the impact of high tech exports on economic growth of Pakistan. To examine this relationship, data are collected from World Bank database, State Bank of Pakistan data source and Statistical Bureau of Pakistan. Time span of study is consisting of 20 years from 1995 to 2014. By using ordinary least square (OLS) with robust standard error, results confirm that there is a positive and statistically significant impact of high tech exports on economic growth. Although Pakistan is an agriculture country and its economic growth is largely depend upon farming, but for long run economic growth, Pakistan has to increase its high tech exports.
RANCANG BANGUN BEAMFORMING SENSOR PADA SISTEM AKUSTIK BAWAH AIR
Authors: Supartono Supartono , Rusmana Rusmana
Published: April 2017

Beamforming is the method used to create the radiation pattern of the antenna array by adding constructively the phases of the signals in the direction of the targets, and nulling the pattern of the interfing targets. Signal processing technique used is array sensors technology to create the transmission or reception of directional signal. Beamforming technique in underwater acoustics has been developed for a long time for the purposes of sonar, seismology, underwater communication, and identification of sound sources or submarines noise. If beamforming technique is used, so the signal strength, which is transmitted or percepted in a particular direction, will be much greater than the omnidirectional method or spherical sensors. Mastering the underwater technology is strategic, both simple technology and complex one, such as sonar or torpedo and the submarine. Countries mastering underwater technology will have the predominance in submarine warfare. Having a confidential nature and shocking system is a benefit of underwater weapon. Regarding to the mentioned problems, the study of beamforming sensor design was conducted with the expectations that the next generation of Indonesia can build the main instrument of defense system strength based on the strength of their own nation.
ANALISIS HASIL TANGKAPAN SET NET JENIS OTHOSIAMI DI TELUK MALASSORO, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Olii M Yasin U.P , Baskoro Mulyono S , Martasuganda Sulaeman , Mawardi Wazir
Published: April 2017

Set net is a fishing gear to set permanently in the fishing ground. Set net othosiami was developed by Center for Fisheries Development Department of Marine and Fisheries (BPPI) Semarang; it had been operated in 2010 at the Gulf Mallasoro, Jeneponto. The data information was collected regarding productivity, compositioning and catching diversity was taken from the catching data in 2011-2013. The study aims were to analyze catching trend, catching composition types and catching diversity. This study was conducted on January and February 2014 at the Gulf Mallasoro, Jeneponto. The method was used descriptive method. Based on the data from 2011-2013 on September-October showed a decline catching trend while the amount of cacthing trend consisted to 91 species. The pelagic fish has been identified for 31 species and 26 species belongs to demersal fish out of 57 species were found. The most dominant fish was Peperek (Leiognathus splendens) with 27% of catched fishes. The diversity index (H’) catching fish period 2011-2013 ranged from 2.61 – 2.74 which regard to moderate category diversity. Furthermore, the value of evenness index (E) was more evenly 0.63 - 0.70 categorical. The dominance index value (D) showed within 0.12 to 0.15 there was no dominant species.
KALSIUM KARBONAT PADA MEDIA BERSALINITAS UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN PATIN (Pangasius sp.)
Authors: Hastuti Yuni Puji , Faturrohman Kurnia , Nirmala Kukuh
Published: April 2017

The development of technology and production systems in the field of aquaculture is one of the primary solutions for increasing production to cope with the presence of fishing is mainly about stripped catfish seed. Seed quality improvement through lime addition for the availability of minerals in the water supply and maintenance of media in salinity 4 g/L which aims to suppress the level to support availability of employment of the inaugural thereby reducing energy used for osmoregulation and can be allocated to growth of catfish. Catfish seed size used was 2.69±0.04 cm and weight used was 0.08±0.01 g. Aquarium used measuring 30 x 15 x 25 cm by as much as 15 units and filled water in salinity 4 g/L as much as 9 litres per unit and added lime CaCO3 according treatment that was K (0 mg/L CaCO3), A (150 mg/L CaCO3), B (200 mg/L CaCO3), C (250 mg/L CaCO3) and D (300 mg/L CaCO3). For research, fish was fed on of a protein (28%) as much as 3 times a day by FR 5%. The addition of CaCO3 treatment for all treatment generated a level of survival as much as (100%) (P>0.05). While growth rate of weights daily each treatment in a consecutive manner that is (11.34%); (12.06%); (11.51%); 12.67%; and (11.58%) (P>0.05). Absolute value of different length produce 2.84 cm; 4.63 cm; 3.23 cm; 3.79 cm; and 3.28 cm (P>0.05). During the research, the quality of the water was in the range that can be tolerated by the seed of catfish. The use of lime CaCO3 on salinity 4 g/L recommended as much as 250 mg/L CaCO3 with a turn of the water at regular intervals and feeding.
KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG DAN ASOSIASINYA DENGAN BINTANG LAUT DI PERAIRAN PULAU TUNDA, KABUPATEN SERAM, PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Zamani Neviaty P
Published: April 2017

Coral reef constitute extremely uniquely ecosystem with various of life forms. A lot of sea star Linckia laevigata werefound to associate with coral reef in Tunda Island, Serang Regency, Banten. This research was conducted on January-February 2014 that located in Tunda Island, Serang Regency, Banten. Determination of observatory station was usingtime swimming (snorkeling) with observing the existence of coral reef and sea star that associated with coral reef.Assessment of coral reef condition was determined by Line Intercept Transect method and abundance of sea stardetermined by belt transect method. The parameter of water quality were found in entire sites of sampling were stillappropriated with coral reef life and sea star. The result showed that coral cover were between 54.95-73.00%. Life form was dominated by massive and foliose coral. Abundance of Linckia laevigata that found in Tunda Island water was 8-45 ind/100 m2. This association occurred between coral reef and Linckia laevigata that constitute association of the mutualistic symbiosis.
PEMETAAN BATIMETRI DI PERAIRAN DANGKAL PULAU TUNDA, SERANG, BANTEN MENGGUNAKAN SINGLEBEAM ECHOSOUNDER
Authors: Febrianto Try , Hestirianoto Totok , Agus Syamsul B.
Published: April 2017

Batimetri adalah pengukuran dasar laut. Data batimetri yang rinci di perairan dangkal pulau kecil belum memadai sehingga tidak bisa memberikan informasi bagi aktivitas di sekitar perairan dangkal tersebut seperti aktivitas pelayaran oleh kapal-kapal rakyat. Nilai kedalaman dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh yang menggunakan teknologi akustik dengan sistem propagasi suara. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan nilai batimetri secara rinci, menampilkan dalam bentuk 3D serta mendapatkan nilai slope dan melihat perbedaan terhadap koreksi pasang surut. Pemetaan batimetri dilakukan di perairan dangkal pulau Tunda, Serang, Banten pada 21 sampai 24 Agustus 2014. Data Akustik dikumpulkan menggunakan GPS map echosounder 585 Singlebeam. Data pasang surut diterapkan untuk koreksi. Data itu pasca diproses menggunakan Surfer software 11, Global Mapper v8 dan ArcGIS 10.1. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, kedalaman maksimal yang didapat adalah 52 m dan bentuk dasar laut yang termasuk landai dengan kondisi tubir yang mengelilingi pulau.
POLA PEMANFAATAN DAERAH PENANGKAPAN IKAN UNTUK MEREDUKSI KONFLIK PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI PERAIRAN UTARA ACEH
Authors: Purnama Nanda Rizki , Simbolon Domu , Mustaruddin Mustaruddin
Published: April 2017

Konflik perikanan tangkap di perairan Utara Aceh merupakan persoalan konflik yang sedang terjadi sejak tahun 2005 sampai 2015. Konflik perikanan tangkap secara umum terjadi akibat sumberdaya ikan yang semakin berkurang sehingga terjadi persaingan yang tidak sehat dalam memperebutkan sumberdaya pada daerah penangkapan ikan yang sama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab dan dampak konflik perikanan tangkap serta menentukan pola pemanfaatan daerah penangkapan ikan untuk mereduksi konflik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah  metode deskriptif dan AHP (Analitycal Hierarchy Process). Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa faktor-faktor penyebab konflik perikanan tangkapan di perairan Utara Aceh adalah penggunaan cahaya lampu pada purse seine, perebutan daerah penangkapan ikan, penggunaan bom ikan, penggunaan trawl, pemutusan rumpon, dan illegal fishing. Dampak yang dihasilkan dari konflik perikanan tangkap adalah tergganggunya habitat sumberdaya ikan, menurunnyan hasil tangkapan  dan pendapatan nelayan tradisional serta pertikaian antar  nelayan di daerah penangkapan ikan yang diperebutkan.  Pola pemanfaatan yang dapat dikembangkan adalah (1) memberi perhatian dominan terhadap aspek biologi/SDI dalam setiap tindakan pemanfaatan, (2) meminimalisir terjadinya pemutusan rumpon (konflik utama), (3) menerapkan strategi penggelolaan dengan urutan prioritas: mediasi, arbitrase, negosiasi dan ganti rugi.
ESTIMASI INTENSITAS UPWELLING PANTAI DARI SATELIT AQUAMODIS DI PERAIRAN SELATAN JAWA DAN BARAT SUMATERA
Authors: Silubun Dortje Theodora , Gaol Jonson Lumban , Naulita Yuli
Published: April 2017

Monsoonal upwelling generally occurred along the coasts of South Java to Western Sumatera. The aimed of this study was to estimate the upwelling intensity derived from sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a. SST and chlorophyll-a data was obtained from 3rd level of Aqua-MODIS satellite censor, and wind data derived from Quikscat satellite censor on July 2002 to June 2011. Upwelling index derived from coastal upwelling index (CUIx) formula. Statistical analysis was used to describe the relationship of SST and chlorophyll-a to CUIx. The result of this study show that the occurrence of upwelling was in east monsoon temporally, the range of SST is about 25.10 – 27.30 °C and chlorophyll-a is about 0.30 – 0.67 mg m-3. However in 2006 the anomaly of upwelling intensity coincide perfectly with the descend of SST to 24.98 °C (Sout Java) and 25.97 °C (West Sumatera), meanwhile the concentration of chlorophyll-a is increase to 1.3 mg m-3 (West Sumatra) and 3.71 mg m-3 (South Java). Statistical analysis show that the SST give a strong relationship between CUIx and SST (r=0.84) in West Sumatera. Meanwhile in South Java, both of those parameters (SST and Chlorophyll-a) gives the strong relationship to CUIx respectively (r= 0.86 and r = 0.81).
SEBARAN LOGAM BERAT TERLARUT DAN TERENDAPKAN DI PERAIRAN TELUK JAKARTA
Authors: Kusuma Anma Hari , Prartono Tri , Atmadipoera Agus S , Arifin Taslim
Published: April 2017

Jakarta Bay is a crowded area with many activities so that a gathering place for pollutants from the land that is transported through the 13 rivers that flow in Jakarta. The purpose of this research is to explain the process and sources of heavy metal with to compare distribution profile heavy metal in water and sediment in Transitional Season I and Transitional Season II in the Jakarta Bay. The research heavy metal in water and sediment in Jakarta Bay was conducted in September 2014. Analysis of heavy metal in water and sediment use procedure (APHA 2012). The results showed hydro-oceanographic condition in the Jakarta Bay for current velocity range from 0.002-0.028 m/s to wards west and southwest, the wind speed range 4-17 knot blowing to the southwest and tidal tipe of single of riding the tide of 0,84 m. The temperature range 28.9-30.2 °C, salinity range 29.5-30.6 psu, acidity (pH) range 7.80-8.17 and suspended solid (TSS) range 25-68 mg/l. Heavy metals in water for Pb range 0.006-0.016 ppm, Cd range 0.001-0.003 ppm, Cu range from 0.001-0.005 ppm, Ni range 0.001-0.016 ppm and Zn range 0.003-0.097 ppm. Heavy metal in sediment for Pb range 24.86-59.32 ppm, Cd range 0.32-3.49 ppm, Cu range 11.42-67 ppm, Ni range 19.80-39.85 ppm and Zn range 26.14 to 241.01 ppm. Distribution of heavy metal in water and sediment to indicated the sources of heavy metal in the Jakarta Bay largely derived input material from the terrestrial.
TINGKAT EFISIEN PEMASARAN IKAN LAUT SEGAR DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN NUSANTARA (PPN) BRONDONG
Authors: Huda Miftachul , Solihin Iin , Lubi Ernani
Published: April 2017

Marketing is the key to the sustainability of economic activity is no exception fish catches came from Brondong fishing port. Fish landed in Brondong fishing port is diverse. Spotted big eye fish (Priacanthus tayenus) and yellow goat fish (Upeneus sulphureus) is the dominant fish catches and eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) and red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) is an economical high in fish landed in Brondong fishing port. Fishermen in Brondong fishing port average daily fishing 159 tons of fish. The potential magnitude of catches landed in Brondong fishing port must be balanced with good marketing. Marketing activities should be carried out as efficiently as possible so that the business sidecan provide great benefits from the results of these marketing activities. Fish marketing activities stemming from Brondong fishing port is still inefficient due to marketing activities still using traditional tools. Seeing the condition that it is important to know the level of the efficient marketing activity fish from Brondong fishing port. The aim of this study is to calculate the level of marketing efficiency of fish in Brondong fishing port, Lamongan, East Java. The research will be implemented by the method of the case against the strategy of increasing marketing efficiency of fish from Brondong fishing port. Analysis of the formula used is marketing efficiency. Based on the analysis conducted showed that showed that the existing marketing activity in Brondong fishing port is inefficient. Proved by analysis obtained spotted big eye fish have high levels of Eps 45.44%, 38.98% yellow goat fish, eastern little tuna 57.94% and 25.65% red snapper with declared where marketing said to be efficient if it has Eps <5%.
KAJIAN STOK IKAN PEPEREK (Leiognathus equulus) BERDASARKAN ALAT TANGKAP JARING RAMPUS DI PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA
Authors: Permatachani Anandinta , Boer Mennofatria , Kamal Mohammad Muhklis
Published: April 2017

Ikan peperek (Leiognathus equulus) merupakan salah satu ikan demersal yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting dan merupakan salah satu tangkapan dominan di perairan Selat Sunda yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Labuan, Banten. Ikan peperek ditangkap dengan beberapa alat tangkap, yaitu payang, dogol, pukat pantai, purse seine, jaring rampus, bagan tancap, dan bagan rakit. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengkaji dinamika populasi ikan peperek (Leiognathus equulus) di perairan Selat Sunda. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Agustus 2015 di PPP Labuan, Banten. Data yang diambil pada penelitian ini berupa data biologi seperti pengukuran panjang total dan tinggi ikan, bobot basah, dan jenis kelamin. Total ikan yang diambil selama penelitan ini mencapai 1895 ekor. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai koefisien pertumbuhan (K) ikan betina dan jantan berturut-turut 0.47 per tahun-1 dan 0.79 per tahun-1 dengan panjang asimptotik (L∞) sebesar 258 mm untuk betina dan 210 mm untuk jantan. Nilai panjang pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) ikan peperek betina (147.57 mm) maupun jantan (142.92 mm) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan nilai pertama kali matang gonad (Lm), yaitu untuk betina dan jantan berturut-turut 116.54 mm dan 146.162 mm. Tingkat eksploitasi mencapai tingkat optimal antara 0.53-0.74. Laju eksploitasi ikan peperek telah melebihi laju eksploitasi optimum, sehingga diduga ikan peperek di perairan Selat Sunda telah tangkap lebih.
PENATAAN SERTIFIKASI KOMPETENSI AWAK KAPAL PENANGKAP IKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Budiman Muhammad Syarif , Iskandar Budi Hascaryo , Soeboer Deni Achmad
Published: April 2017

Kompetensi awak kapal penangkap ikan merupakan salah satu faktor utama penunjang keberhasilan operasi penangkapan ikan. Penguasaan kompetensi awak kapal dibuktikan dengan sertifikat kompetensi yang didapatkan melalui pendidikan dan latihan serta uji sertifikasi awak kapal penangkap ikan oleh badan berwenang. Standar kompetensi awak kapal penangkap ikan harus sesuai dengan ukuran kapal (panjang kapal dan gross tonage) dan wilayah operasi penangkapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesenjangan yang terjadi antara sertifikat kompetensi awak kapal penangkap ikan dengan ketentuan perundangan yang berlaku di Indonesia beserta faktor penyebabnya. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada kapal ukuran lebih dari 30 GT di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Pelabuhanratu dan Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudra Nijam Zachman Muara Baru Jakarta.  Data primer diperoleh dari  bukti dokumen awak kapal (BST, buku pelaut, Ankapin, Atkapin, SKK) yang berada diatas kapal. Data sekunder diperoleh dari Sijil Awak Kapal, SPB, ukuran kapal (panjang dan GT), wilayah operasi penangkapan serta peraturan perundangan tentang pengawakan kapal penangkap ikan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas awak kapal penangkap ikan Indonesia belum memiliki sertifikat kompetensi sesuai peraturan yang berlaku.  Hal ini disebabkan oleh dispensasi penerbitan SPB dan keterbatasan waktu pelaksanaan uji sertifikasi.  Pihak berwenang harus tegas menentukan batas waktu dispensasi penerbitan SPB serta  memperbanyak  waktu dan tempat uji sertifikasi yang mudah diakses oleh awak kapal.
INTEGRASI DATA MULTIBEAM BATIMETRI DAN MOSAIK BACKSCATTER UNTUK KLASIFIKASI TIPE SEDIMEN
Authors: Adi Anang Prasetia , Manik Henry M , Pujiyati Sri
Published: April 2017

Sistem multibeam echosounder tidak hanya memperoleh presisi tinggi dalam pengolahan data batimetri saja, tetapi juga mendapatkan resolusi tinggi dalam data backscatter strenght (BS) dasar perairan. Sejumlah penelitian telah menerapkan metode akustik untuk mengklasifikasikan tipe sedimen dasar perairan dengan menggunakan data backscatter, dan hasil klasifikasi yang diperoleh lebih baik daripada sampling sedimen secara tradisional. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengintegrasikan hasil data multibeam echosounder dalam penentuan batimetri dan pengklasifikasian tipe sedimen dasar perairan.Penelitian menggunakan data survei batimetri multibeam echosounder Kongsbergs EM 2040C di Sungai Kapuas Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Penentuan batimetri menggunakan metode Combined Uncertainty and Bathymetry Estimator (CUBE), sedangkan klasifikasi tipe sedimen menggunakan metode Angular Response (ARA) dan Sediment Analysis (SAT) yang semuanya tertanam dalam software Caris Hips and Ships versi 9.0. Hasil klasifikasi tipe sedimen secara unsupervised terdapat empat tipe sedimen. Nilai intensitas tipe sedimen kerikil (gravel) berkisar antara -16 dB hingga -13 dB, pasir (sand) berkisar antara -22 dB hingga -17 dB, lumpur (silt) antara -26 dB hingga -23 dB dan lempung (clay) berkisar antara -34 dB hingga -29 dB.
REKONSTRUKSI PINTU MASUK BUBU LIPAT LOBSTER DAN PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TUTUPAN TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN
Authors: Miswar Edy , Puspito Gondo , Yusfiandayani Roza , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: April 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan konstruksi bubu lipat yang memberikan jumlah tangkapan lobster terbanyak dan membuktikan bahwa tutupan dapat meningkatkan jumlah tangkapan lobster. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakan metode percobaan.  Satu bubu lipat nelayan atau bubu lipat standar (BS) dan 2 konstruksi bubu yang dimodifikasi dibandingkan. Bubu modifikasi terdiri atas bubu lipat modifikasi 1 (BM-1) dan bubu lipat modifikasi 2 (BM-2). Ketiga bubu berbentuk balok dengan dimensi 50 × 33 × 18 (p × l × t) (cm). Celah masuk BS berbentuk celah sempit, sedangkan BM-1 dan BM-2 adalah 4 persegi panjang dengan ukuran 33 × 6 (p × t) (cm) yang dilengkapi dengan deretan jeruji besi. Dalam penelitian ini, ketiga bubu dan 20 lobster dimasukkan ke dalam tangki air. Bubu diangkat setelah direndam selama 30 menit. Aktivitas lobster diamati dan jumlah lobster yang terperangkap dihitung. Ujicoba penangkapan lobster dilakukan sebanyak 20 ulangan. Pengaruh tutupan pada bubu yang menghasilkan tangkapan terbanyak juga diujicoba. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa BM-2 menangkap 470 individu, atau lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan BM-1 (221 individu), dan BS (109 individu). Penggunaan tutupan menghasilkan jumlah tangkapan sebanyak 227 individu, sedangkan  tanpa tutupan hanya 123 individu.
МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИММУНИТЕТА РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ КОЭВОЛЮЦИИ С НАСЕКОМЫМИ
Authors: Конарев А.В.
Published: April 2017

Огромное разнообразие растений и насекомых является результатом их коэволюции на протяжении сотен миллионов лет. Необходимость защиты тканей и органов, а также хранящихся в них энергетических и пластических материалов от фитофагов привела у растений к появлению многообразных и изощренных механизмов иммунитета. Наличие сложнейших поведенческих реакций, в том числе способности к выбору кормового растения по биохимическим, морфологическим и иным признакам и высокоорганизованной пищеварительной системы, и многие другие особенности насекомых-фитофагов обусловили у растений формирование механизмов иммунитета, в значительной мере независимых от механизмов иммунитета к фитопатогенным микроорганизмам. При этом защитные реакции растений против вредителей и патогенов могут быть сходными на молекулярном уровне передачи сигнала и запуска ответных реакций. Задействованные при этом гормональные системы могут взаимодействовать в антагонистической или синергетической манере, а фитофаги – как микроорганизмы, так и насекомые – способны с помощью эффекторов встраиваться в это взаимодействие для своей выгоды. Очень важна химическая составляющая защитных систем растений, охватывающая практически все классы вторичных метаболитов, которые оказывают прямое токсическое, репеллентное, антипитательное или иное негативное воздействие на фитофагов или привлекают энтомофагов. Широк перечень механизмов их действия – от разрушения клеточных мембран до повышения затрат энергии и ресурсов на усвоение пищи. Разнообразны и механизмы обезвреживания защитных соединений растений насекомыми. В природной системе «растение-насекомое» каждый из ее элементов представляет собой сообщество разнообразных организмов. Симбионты, паразиты и патогены влияют на взаимодействие растений и насекомых и вовлечены в их коэволюцию. При создании форм растений, устойчивых к вредителям, важно учитывать возможные последствия применения того или иного защитного механизма в отношении не только отдельных особей, но также популяций вредителей и агроэкосистемы в целом. Использование механизмов, не стимулирующих ускоренную микроэволюцию вредителей, оказывает более щадящее воздействие на экосистему. В роли таких защитных факторов могут выступать, например, белковые ингибиторы пищеварительных ферментов насекомых. Понимание закономерностей коэволюции растений и насекомых и молекулярной природы адаптации фитофагов к защитным соединениям является необходимым условием для создания эффективных форм растений, устойчивых к вредителям.
A CRÍTICA DA ESCRAVIDÃO E DO TRÁFICO ILÍCITO DE ESCRAVOS POR SILVA LISBOA, NA HISTÓRIA DAS IDEIAS POLÍTICAS DO BRASIL
Authors: (PUC/RS) Ruth M. Chittó Gauer
Published: April 2017

O processo de formação do Estado Nação no Brasil foi criado em face da tensão entre a metrópole e a colônia. Nesse processo, as questões referentes à cidadania e, em especial, suas tensões com o complexo problema da escravidão, estão na proa da história das ideias políticas. Nesse contexto de investigação, é de importância fundamental a obra de Silva Lisboa.
Yield of active screening for tuberculosis among asylum seekers in Germany: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bozorgmehr Kayvan , Razum Oliver , Saure Daniel , Joggerst Brigitte , Szecsenyi Joachim , Stock Christian
Published: April 2017

All asylum seekers in Germany undergo upon-entry screening for tuberculosis TB, but comprehensive evidence on the yield is lacking. We compared the national estimates with the international literature in a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the yield of TB, defined as the fraction of active TB cases detected among asylum seekers screened in Germany upon entry. We searched 11 national and international databases for empirical studies and the internet for grey literature published in English or German without restrictions on publication time. Among 1,253 screened articles, we identified six articles reporting the yield of active TB based on German data, ranging from 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45–1.10) to 6.41 (95% CI: 4.19–9.37) per 1,000 asylum seekers. The pooled estimate across all studies was 3.47 (95% CI: 1.78–5.73; I2 = 94.9%; p < 0.0001) per 1,000 asylum seekers. This estimate was in line with international evidence (I2 = 0%; p for heterogeneity 0.55). The meta-analysis of available international estimates resulted in a pooled yield of 3.04 (95% CI: 2.24–3.96) per 1,000. This study provides an estimate across several German federal states for the yield of TB screening in asylum seekers. Further research is needed to develop more targeted screening programmes.
Between North and South: Cuba and the Ends of US Sovereignty
Authors: Rodriguez Rick
Published: April 2017

This article examines how nineteenth-century US novels about Cuba reflect on the transition from federal to national sovereignty and the emergence of an imperial state produced by the normalization of wartime exceptions.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow'sEvangeline: A Tale of Acadieand the Ambiguous Afterlife of the History of the Acadians
Authors: Niemeyer Mark
Published: April 2017

Longfellow's Evangeline was hailed as a great and distinctively American work when it appeared in 1847, and the poem's use of North American history was a key element in its favourable reception. This use of history, however, is ambiguous and complex. The epic continues, first of all, in a long tradition of romanticized retellings of the heart-rending story of the Acadians. But the work also engages in a dual-level dialogue with both the mid-eighteenth-century history of the Acadians, who are pitied, without inciting indignation, and the contemporary history of mid-nineteenth-century America, whose expansionism it both implicitly celebrates and criticizes.
Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Conscious and Non-Conscious Components of the Mind
Authors: Fabbro Anastasia , Crescentini Cristiano , Matiz Alessio , Clarici Andrea , Fabbro Franco
Published: April 2017

The aim of the present review is to investigate previous studies concerning the effects of meditation and dispositional mindfulness on conscious and implicit or non-conscious attitudes. First we present a brief perspective on conscious and non-conscious states of mind. Then we introduce the fundamental bases of mindfulness meditation. Third we review studies on dispositional mindfulness and meditation that employed either direct or indirect measures to assess explicit and implicit attitudes. Finally, we briefly present how meditation has been associated with the psychotherapeutic practice of psychoanalysis and, hence, as a therapeutic technique to access the unconscious. Until now, few studies have investigated the impact of meditation on non-conscious states of mind and personality; nevertheless, both scientific studies involving implicit measures and reflections from psychotherapy have underlined the importance of meditation in promoting psychological well-being, leading to de-automatization of automatic patterns of responding and to higher levels of self-awareness.
Expansion of the Kullback-Leibler Divergence, and a New Class of Information Metrics
Authors: Galas David , Dewey Gregory , Kunert-Graf James , Sakhanenko Nikita
Published: April 2017

Inferring and comparing complex, multivariable probability density functions is fundamental to problems in several fields, including probabilistic learning, network theory, and data analysis. Classification and prediction are the two faces of this class of problem. This study takes an approach that simplifies many aspects of these problems by presenting a structured, series expansion of the Kullback-Leibler divergence—a function central to information theory—and devise a distance metric based on this divergence. Using the Möbius inversion duality between multivariable entropies and multivariable interaction information, we express the divergence as an additive series in the number of interacting variables, which provides a restricted and simplified set of distributions to use as approximation and with which to model data. Truncations of this series yield approximations based on the number of interacting variables. The first few terms of the expansion-truncation are illustrated and shown to lead naturally to familiar approximations, including the well-known Kirkwood superposition approximation. Truncation can also induce a simple relation between the multi-information and the interaction information. A measure of distance between distributions, based on Kullback-Leibler divergence, is then described and shown to be a true metric if properly restricted. The expansion is shown to generate a hierarchy of metrics and connects this work to information geometry formalisms. An example of the application of these metrics to a graph comparison problem is given that shows that the formalism can be applied to a wide range of network problems and provides a general approach for systematic approximations in numbers of interactions or connections, as well as a related quantitative metric.
Cities’ Greenhouse Gas Accounting Methods: A Study of Helsinki, Stockholm, and Copenhagen
Authors: Dahal Karna , Niemelä Jari
Published: April 2017

Cities generally adopt territorial- or production-based rather than consumption-based emissions accounting systems but they find difficult to adopt a specific emissions standard. Due to the diverse calculation methodologies cities use, inter-city emission reductions and climate action comparisons remain challenging. It is crucial to learn how cities address climate change mitigation and adaptation in terms of the emissions accounting methodologies they use, their links to existing city-level international emission standards, and the consistency of those methods used by cities to improve the quality of emissions standards. Normative case study method was applied to explore these issues in three different case cities: Helsinki (Finland), Stockholm (Sweden), and Copenhagen (Denmark). The current calculation methods used in these cities exclude many indirect emissions, and these cities have not adopted consumption-based emissions. Cities also face several dilemmas in system boundaries and baseline year setting, emissions factors calculations, and data collection methods using current calculation methods. All three case cities have adopted amendable emissions accounting systems which exclude certain amounts of emissions from several sectors. Therefore, emission calculation methods must be improved to include all possible sectors and to produce more robust and transparent calculation methods.