bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain white matter microstructural changes in chemotherapy‐treated older long‐term breast cancer survivors
Authors: Daniel Ebenezer , Deng Frank , Patel Sunita K. , Sedrak Mina S. , Kim Heeyoung , Razavi Marianne , Sun Can‐Lan , Root James C. , Ahles Tim A. , Dale William , Chen Bihong T.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To assess white matter microstructural changes in older long‐term breast cancer survivors 5–15 years post‐chemotherapy treatment.

Methods

Breast cancer survivors aged 65 years or older who underwent chemotherapy (C+) and who did not undergo chemotherapy (C−) and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled at time point 1 (TP1) and followed for 2 years for time point 2 (TP2). All participants underwent brain MRI with diffusion tensor images and neuropsychological (NP) testing with the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis was performed on the diffusion tensor images to assess white matter microstructural changes with the fractional anisotropy (FA) parameter.

Results

There were significant longitudinal alterations in FA within the C+ group over time. The C+ group showed diminished FA in the body and genu of corpus callosum, anterior corona radiate, and external capsule on both the whole brain and region of interest (ROI) based analyses after p < 0.05 family‐wise error (FWE) correction. However, there were no significant group differences between the groups at TP1. Additionally, at TP1, a positive correlation (R = 0.58, p = 0.04) was observed between the FA value of the anterior corona radiata and the crystallized composite score in the C+ group.

Conclusions

Brain white matter microstructural alterations may be the underlying neural correlates of cognitive changes in older breast cancer survivors who had chemotherapy treatment years ago.
A new rectangular dielectric resonator sensor for glucose measurement: Design, modeling, and experimental validation
Authors: Marzouk Hala M. , Hameed Anwer S. Abd El‐ , Allam Ahmed , Pokharel Ramesh K. , Rahman Adel B. Abdel‐
Published: December 2023

This study introduces a novel sensor for glucose measurement based on a rectangular dielectric resonator (RDR) excited by a rectangular slot fed by a 50‐Ω microstrip line. The RDR operates at 6 GHz and incorporates a cubic portion section for accommodating a finger or container containing the test sample. By utilizing the distinctive resonant frequencies associated with varying dielectric permittivity of different glucose concentrations, the proposed RDR functions as a reliable sensor. The sensor's performance is evaluated through a 3D electromagnetic model of the human thumb and the application of the Cole‐Cole method for modeling the blood layer. Experimental validation is conducted using three alternatives (water, glucose, and alcohol) and a range of glucose concentrations (70 to 2000 mg/dL) in simulation. During experimental verification, an invasive glucometer is employed as a reference for blood sugar levels. Results demonstrate that the proposed RDR sensor exhibits higher sensitivity (36.86 MHz/(mg/dL)) than other sensor counterparts. The experimental outcomes confirm the resonance frequency alignment between the manufactured sensor and the simulated projections. Considering its economic viability and applicability, this sensor represents a promising alternative biosensor for monitoring blood glucose levels.
CKAA: Certificateless key‐agreement authentication scheme in digital twin telemedicine environment
Authors: Zhang Jianhong , Wei Jie , Zhang Jianan , Bo Cao
Published: December 2023

Digital twin (DT) technology provides accurate and real‐time visualization data. It is increasingly used in telemedicine to enhance medical efficiency and improve the precision of remote diagnosis and treatment. In telemedicine, DT is used to collect patients' biomedical data and transmit it to cloud servers through wearable devices for simulation, enabling remote diagnosis and treatment. However, telemedicine poses security threats due to the risk of medical data leaks. The security of medical data in transit and the authentication of communication entities are two key issues in cryptography. To address these issue, we propose a certificateless key agreement authentication scheme that does not rely on traditional public key infrastructure and certificate management, reducing the storage cost of resource‐limited wearable devices and avoiding the use of bilinear pairings to lower computational costs. Our scheme includes two parts of key agreement: one between the patient and the cloud server and the other between the patient and the hospital. Through these key agreements, we can ensure the privacy and integrity of medical data during transmission. Furthermore, we prove that the security of our scheme is equivalent to the elliptic curve discrete logarithm assumption in the random oracle model. Therefore, we provide a secure and efficient certificateless key agreement authentication solution that is suitable in digital twin telemedicine environments, particularly for client devices with limited functionality.
Cardiovascular events after cancer immunotherapy as oncologic emergencies: Analyses of 610 head and neck cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Reyes‐Gibby Cielito C. , Qdaisat Aiham , Ferrarotto Renata , Fadol Anecita , Bischof Jason J. , Coyne Christopher J. , Lipe Demis N. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Shete Sanjay , Abe Jun‐Ichi , Yeung Sai‐Ching J.
Published: December 2023

Background

Cardio‐oncology and emergency medicine are closely collaborative, as many cardiac events in cancer patients require evaluation and treatment in the emergency department (ED). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a common treatment for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). However, the immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) from ICIs can be clinically significant.

Methods

We reviewed and analyzed cardiovascular diagnoses among HNC patients who received ICI during the period April 1, 2016–December 31, 2020 in a large tertiary cancer center. Demographics, clinical and cancer‐related data were abstracted, and billing databases were queried for cardiovascular disease (CVD)‐related diagnosis using International Classification of Disease‐version10 (ICD‐10) codes. We recorded receipt of care at the ED as one of the outcome variables.

Results

A total of 610 HNC patients with a median follow‐up time of 12.3 months (median, interquartile range = 5–30 months) comprised our study cohort. Overall, 25.7% of patients had pre‐existing CVD prior to ICI treatment. Of the remaining 453 patients without pre‐existing CVD, 31.5% (n = 143) had at least one CVD‐related diagnosis after ICI initiation. Tachyarrhythmias (91 new events) was the most frequent CVD‐related diagnosis after ICI. The time to diagnosis of myocarditis from initiation of ICI occurred the earliest (median 2.5 months, 1.5–6.8 months), followed by myocardial infarction (3.7, 0.5–9), cardiomyopathy (4.5, 1.6–7.3), and tachyarrhythmias (4.9, 1.2–11.4). Patients with myocarditis and tachyarrhythmias mainly presented to the ED for care.

Conclusion

The use of ICI in HNC is still expanding and the spectrum of delayed manifestation of ICI‐induced cardiovascular toxicities is yet to be fully defined in HNC survivors.
Microstructural characterization of depth hoar and ice‐crust layers using a micro‐CT, and hypothesis of ice‐crust formation under a thunderstorm
Authors: Li Yuan , Fu Ciao , Keegan Kaitlin , Yang Junhua , Huang Gang , Baker Ian
Published: December 2023

The microstructural features typical of depth hoar and ice‐crust layers in both blocks of snow and a firn core that were extracted at Summit, Greenland (72°35′ N, 38°25′ W) in June, 2017 have been characterized using x‐ray microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT). In the depth hoar, the density is much lower, and the porosity, pore sizes, and specific surface area (SSA) are greater than those in adjacent layers. In the ice‐crusts, the density and the particle size are greater, and the porosity, pore size, and SSA are less than those in adjacent layers. Note that the mean structure thickness in the depth hoar was greater than that in adjacent layers, but that increase was simply related to the one‐ or two‐dimension ice crystals, that is, needle‐like or plate‐like structures, being included in the measurements for depth hoar. Using related microstructural parameters derived from the micro‐CT data, we propose a model based on refreezing of pre‐melted water (PMW) droplets electrostatically‐transported by the electric field between thunderclouds and the ice sheet created by a thunderstorm that describes the processes of the ice‐crust formation (ICF). Whether the ice‐crust forms with depth hoar depends on both the kinetic energy from the PMW droplets and the latent heat liberated from the freezing of the PMW. This work is the first to build the relationship between the atmosphere and ice sheets by a thunderstorm. Finally, we provide an experimental geophysics‐based method through the ICF under laboratory conditions to learn more about the interaction between atmospheric electrodynamics and thermodynamics.
Temperature‐dependent wear characteristics of ZE41 magnesium alloy under air and inert environments
Authors: Baral S. Kumar , Thawre M. M. , Sunil B. Ratna , Dumpala R.
Published: December 2023

Dry sliding wear behaviour of ZE41 magnesium alloy was evaluated under the air and argon environment at room temperature, 125 °C, and 250 °C. The coefficient of friction was increased with increasing the test temperature. At room temperature and 125 °C, the friction coefficient was reduced in the argon environment. However, at 250 °C, the friction coefficient in the argon environment was measured as higher compared to that of the tests conducted in the air environment. The wear rate increased with the increasing temperature. However, a lower wear rate was observed in the case of argon atmosphere than in air for all the test temperatures. Abrasion and delamination were dominant wear mechanisms at room temperature and 125 °C, whereas at 250 °C, thermal softening and shearing were found to be dominant. Furthermore, oxidation wear was observed as the prominent mechanism in the air environment.
Fractal features of fracture centers in heterogeneous materials revealed by discrete element method
Authors: Hilarov V. L. , Damaskinskaya E. E.
Published: December 2023

The discrete element method has been used to explore the formation and evolution of fracture centers in heterogeneous materials under mechanical loading. It was found that these centers were formed near the surface of materials, and their fractal dimension was close to two. The growth of fracture centers leads to an increase in this fractal dimension.

The fractal dimension of broken bond centers (elementary acts of destruction) calculated for successive time intervals of 4096 events showed a significant decrease at the times of fracture center formation, which indicates the localization of the fracture process in the plane.
A kinetic model with time‐dependent proliferative/destructive rates
Authors: Menale Marco , Soares Ana Jacinta
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a new kinetic model with time‐dependent proliferative/destructive parameters, where the activity variable of the system attains its values in a discrete real subset. Therefore, a system of nonautonomous nonlinear ordinary differential equations is gained, with the related Cauchy problem. A first result of local existence and uniqueness of positive and bounded solution is proved. Then, the possibility of extend this result globally in time is discussed, with respect to the shape of nonconservative time‐dependent parameters. Numerical simulations are performed for some scenarios, corresponding to different shapes of time‐dependent parameters themselves. Furthermore, the pattern and long‐time behavior of solutions are numerically analyzed. Finally, these results show that equilibria and oscillations may occur.
A hybrid forces Quantum Mechanical Charge Field Molecular Dynamics of Cs+ ion in aqueous ammonia: A solvation lability, “structure breaking” phenomenon and hydrogen bond properties
Authors: Hidayat Yuniawan , Prasetyo Niko , Pranowo Harno Dwi
Published: December 2023

The dynamics and structure of Cs+ solvation in an aqueous ammonia solution have been investigated using the Quantum Mechanical Charge Field Molecular Dynamics (QMCF‐MD) simulation method. The system contained 18.6% ammonia in aqueous solution at 298.15 K. The QM region was set to a radius of 7.0 Å to include the first and second solvation shells. The Hartree‐Fock (HF) level was applied to calculate the ion‐ligand and ligand–ligand interactions in the QM region using the LANL2DZ‐ECP basis set for the ion and DZP‐Dunning for the ligands. The radial distribution revealed only one solvation shell, indicating a labile solvation structure. The various coordination number of ligands suggests an instant exchange between them. The mean residence times of 1.29 and 0.9 ps were less than in the pure water and liquid ammonia system, indicating higher mobility ligands of the aqueous ammonia system. The preferential factor 0.55 supports the hypothesis that the Cs+ ion prefers to be dissolved in water. As the ligands moves further away from the ion, the observed number of hydrogen bonds increases, revealing the “structure‐breaking” property of the Cs+ ion. The minimum angle ligand‐ion‐ligand tends to be higher near the ion, confirming this phenomenon.
Holographic Nano‐Imaging of Terahertz Dirac Plasmon Polaritons in Topological Insulator Antenna Resonators
Authors: Pistore Valentino , Viti Leonardo , Schiattarella Chiara , Wang Zhengtianye , Law Stephanie , Mitrofanov Oleg , Vitiello Miriam S.
Published: December 2023

Excitation of Dirac plasmon polaritons (DPPs) in bi‐dimensional materials have attracted considerable interest in recent years, both from perspectives of understanding their physics and exploring their transformative potential for nanophotonic devices, including ultra‐sensitive plasmonic sensors, ultrafast saturable absorbers, modulators, and switches. Topological insulators (TIs) represent an ideal technological platform in this respect because they can support plasmon polaritons formed by Dirac carriers in the topological surface states. Tracing propagation of DPPs is a very challenging task, particularly at terahertz (THz) frequencies, where the DPP wavelength becomes over one order of magnitude shorter than the free space photon wavelength. Furthermore, severe attenuation hinders the comprehensive analysis of their characteristics. Here, the properties of DPPs in real TI‐based devices are revealed. Bi2Se3 rectangular antennas can efficiently confine the propagation of DPPs to a single dimension and, as a result, enhance the DPPs visibility despite the strong intrinsic attenuation. The plasmon dispersion and loss properties from plasmon profiles are experimentally determined, along the antennas, obtained using holographic near‐field nano‐imaging in a wide range of THz frequencies, from 2.05 to 4.3 THz. The detailed investigation of the unveiled DPP properties can guide the design of novel topological quantum devices exploiting their directional propagation.
Synthesis and Self‐Assembly of Diborate Ester Polymers for Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Yang Chunying , Lu Zhenwu , Dai Juguo , Wei Wenkang , Luo Yu , Wang Xiaohong , Liu Xiaohui , Yang Siyu , Xu Yiting , Yuan Conghui , Dai Lizong
Published: December 2023

Inorganic nanoparticles have been widely used as fillers to modify dielectric elastomers to simultaneously improve mechanical and dielectric performances. Elegant interface design is crucial for achieving synergy between fillers and elastomers. Herein, we show that diborate ester polymers can both improve the interfacial compatibility between inorganic nanoparticles and elastomers and enhance the dielectric performances. The diborate ester polymers are derived from the condensation reaction between tetrakis(dimethylamino)diborane (or tetrahydroxydiborane) and a three‐armed catechol monomer. Choosing TiO2 nanoparticles as the inner core, a series of TiO2@diborate ester polymer core‐shell nanoparticles are synthesized. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the diborate ester polymer shell tightly bonds to the surface of TiO2 through two dissociative bidentate bridging modes of the catechol monomer (absorption energy: −11.049 eV). These core‐shell nanoparticles can soften and tough polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and show enhanced interfacial binding affinity to PDMS than naked TiO2 nanoparticles. The fabricated composites have high dielectric constants (up to 6.8) and low dielectric losses (<0.03). The actuated strain and puncture voltage of the composites reach 25.9% and 80 V μm−1, respectively, which are much higher than those of PDMS and TiO2/PDMS. This work provides a promising route to fabricate core‐shell nanoparticles for high‐performance dielectric elastomers.
Polylysine‐Coated Surfaces Drive Competition in Chemical Reaction Networks to Enable Molecular Information Processing
Authors: Koyuncu A. Hazal , Movilli Jacopo , Sahin Sevil , Kriukov Dmitrii V. , Huskens Jurriaan , Wong Albert S. Y.
Published: December 2023

The front cover artwork is provided by the Chemical Reaction Network lab at the University of Twente. The image shows a microfluidic channel with multilayer polylysine surfaces, which provide the potential to bestow an acid‐base equilibrium with the capacity of signal transduction. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/syst.202300030.
Ex- and Enophthalmos: General Aspects
Authors: Mourits Maarten P.
Published: December 2023

Exophthalmos and enophthalmos result from a discrepancy between the bony orbital cavity and its soft tissue contents. Exophthalmos arises when the orbital soft tissues enlarge or neoplasms occupy orbital space. Exophthalmos is more frequent than enophthalmos. Well-known causes of exophthalmos are Graves’ orbitopathy, orbital tumors, vascular lesions, and inflammatory diseases of the orbit. An orbital fracture causes a larger than normal orbital cavity and results—when there is no increase of the soft tissues—in an enophthalmos. Other causes of enophthalmos are i.e. silent sinus syndrome, orbital varix, and sclerosing metastasis of a mammary carcinoma.
Dilute axion stars converting to photons in the Milky Way’s magnetic field
Authors: Kyriazis A.
Published: December 2023

Abstract

In this paper we examine the possibility of dilute axion stars converting to photons in the weak, large-scale magnetic field of the Milky Way and show that they can resonate with the surrounding plasma and produce a sizable signal. We consider two possibilities for the plasma: free electrons and HII regions. In the former case, we argue that the frequency of the photons will be too small to be observed even by space-based radio telescopes. In the latter case, their frequency is larger, safely above the solar wind cut-off. We provide an estimate of the flux as a function of the decay constant and show that for fa< 2 × 1011 GeV, the signal will be above the radio emission of the solar system’s planets and it could potentially be detected by the NCLE instrument which is on board the Chang’e-4 spacecraft. Finally, we calculate the time scale of decay of the axion star and demonstrate that back-reaction can be neglected for all physically interesting values of the decay constant, while the minimum time scale of decay is in the order of a few hours.
Das ACO-Kurrikulum „Chirurgische Onkologie“ – Voraussetzungen zur Teilnahme, Anmeldung und Ablauf
Authors: Vilz Tim O. , Piso Pompiliu , Wahba Roger , Thasler Wolfgang E. , Kleeff Jörg
Published: December 2023

Bei soliden Malignomen des Gastrointestinaltrakts ist die operative Entfernung ein zentraler Baustein der multimodalen Therapie und oft die einzige Möglichkeit, eine langfristige Heilung zu erreichen. Während für Fachdisziplinen wie Gynäkologie oder Urologie eine onkologische Subspezialisierung existiert, gibt es für die Viszeralchirurgie in Deutschland nichts Vergleichbares, trotz immer komplexer werdender multidisziplinärer Behandlungsstrategien. Durch das ACO-Kurrikulum „Chirurgische Onkologie“ wurde in Kooperation mit der UEMS ein strukturiertes Weiterbildungskonzept geschaffen, das mit der EBSQ-Prüfung „Surgical Oncology“ als Qualitätskontrolle endet. Dies resultiert in einer Verbesserung der chirurgisch-onkologischen Versorgung in Deutschland. Weiterhin erhalten erfolgreiche Absolventen neben dem ACO-Zertifikat eine Urkunde der UEMS und sind Fellow of the European Board of Surgery (FEBS).
Differential expression of adhesion molecules in sickle cell anemia and gut microbiome effect
Authors: Delgadinho Mariana , Veiga Luísa , Ginete Catarina , Santos Brígida , Miranda Armandina , de Vasconcelos Jocelyne Neto , Brito Miguel
Published: December 2023

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) causes a long-standing vascular inflammation state, leading to endothelial dysfunction and chronic overexpression of several adhesion molecules, which contributes to acute and constant vaso-occlusive (VOC) episodes. It has been demonstrated that hydroxyurea (HU) can reduce VOC events, organ damage, blood transfusions, and even the adhesion properties to endothelial cells of SCA subjects. Due to VOC episodes, these patients are also more susceptible to recurrent bacterial translocation and dysbiosis. Given this, our study aimed to uncover the interplay between adhesion molecules, gut microbiome, and hydroxyurea in a population of Angolan SCA children. Serum and fecal samples were obtained before and after HU treatment in 35 children. After HU, four of these adhesion molecules were significantly reduced: sE-selectin (p = 0.002), ADAMTS13 (p = 0.023), sICAM-1 (p = 0.003), and sVCAM-1 (p = 0.018). A positive correlation was observed between the number of neutrophils and sICAM-1, platelets, and sP-selectin, and also between leukocytes, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1. Most taxa showing a significant correlation mainly belonged to the Clostridiales order. Specifically, from the Clostridium genera, the groups g19, g21, and g34 were all negatively correlated with HbF levels; g19, g21, and g24 positively correlated with leukocytes; g19 positively with neutrophils and sVCAM-1; and g34 positively with E- and P-selectin. Serratia, an opportunistic pathogen, was positively correlated with sE-selectin and sICAM-1 levels. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between sP-selectin and Bifidobacterium. Research studies in this area could improve our understanding and contribute to finding new prognostic biomarkers to guarantee precise SCA patient stratification and predict severe complications.
Numerical investigation of agent-controlled pedestrian dynamics using a structure-preserving finite volume scheme
Authors: Pietschmann Jan-Frederik , Stötzner Ailyn , Winkler Max
Published: December 2023

We provide a numerical realization of an optimal control problem for pedestrian motion with agents that was analyzed in Herzog et al. (Appl. Math. Optim. 88(3):87, 2023). The model consists of a regularized variant of Hughes’ model for pedestrian dynamics coupled to ordinary differential equations that describe the motion of agents which are able to influence the crowd via attractive forces. We devise a finite volume scheme that preserves the box constraints that are inherent in the model and discuss some of its properties. We apply our scheme to an objective functional tailored to the case of an evacuation scenario. Finally, numerical simulations for several practically relevant geometries are performed.
Effect of use of NSAIDs or steroids during the acute phase of pain on the incidence of chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: Huo Luyao , Liu Gang , Deng Bowen , Xu Lin , Mo Yanjun , Jiang Shengyuan , Tao Jingwei , Bai Huizhong , Wang Li , Yang Xiaoxiao , Yang Jizhou , Mu Xiaohong
Published: December 2023

Background

This study is the first to summarize the evidence on how the use of anti-inflammatory drugs during acute pain has an impact on the development of chronic pain.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials retrieved from nine databases included anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs or steroids) versus non-anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with acute pain and reported the incidence of chronic pain. No specified date, age, sex, or language restrictions. Subgroup analyses were performed according to pain classification, follow-up time, and medication. The GRADE method was used to evaluate quality of evidence.

Results

A total of 29 trials (5220 patients) were included. Steroids or NSAIDs did not reduce the incidence of chronic nociceptive pain. Steroid use in acute phase significantly reduced the incidence of chronic neuropathic pain. In subgroup analysis, benefits were observed for methylprednisolone and dexamethasone, with some adverse effects. Steroids or NSAIDs were statistically significant in reducing pain intensity over 1 year, but the effect size was too small, and whether the long-term effect is clinically relevant needs to be further studied.

Conclusion

Quality of the evidence was low to moderate. No drug can be recommended to prevent chronic nociceptive pain. Injections of steroids (methylprednisolone or dexamethasone) during the acute phase reduce the incidence of chronic neuropathic pain, but most included studies also used local anesthetics. The results are indirect and need to be interpreted with caution. The pooled data effect sizes for pain intensity were small, so the clinical relevance was unclear.

Study registration PROSPERO (CRD42022367030).
Level of and Changes in Perceived Work Ability Among Partial Disability Pensioners and the Risk of Full Disability Pension—A Register-Linked Cohort Study
Authors: Wallius Mari-Anne , Lallukka Tea , Leinonen Taina , Remes Jouko , Ervasti Jenni
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To examine how the level of perceived work ability and its changes over time are associated with the risk of full disability pension (DP) among those receiving partial DP.

Methods

We retrieved survey data on perceived work ability and covariates (sociodemographic factors and health behaviors) from a cohort study of Finnish public sector employees at two time points: 2008 and 2012 and linked them with register data on DP obtained from the Finnish Centre for Pensions up to the end of 2018. Participants had begun receiving partial DP in 2008 and responded to either the 2008 survey (n = 159) or both surveys (n = 80). We used Cox regression for the analyses.

Results

During the follow-up, 61 (38%) of those receiving partial DP transitioned to full DP. Those with perceived poor work ability were at a higher risk of full DP (HR 1.93; 95% CI 1.11–3.38) than those with at least moderate work ability, after adjustment for covariates. During four years of receiving partial DP, perceived work ability decreased among 36% of the participants, and remained unchanged or improved among 64%. Change in work ability was not associated with a risk of full DP.

Conclusion

Among those receiving partial DP, perceived poor work ability was a risk factor for full DP. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring the level of perceived work ability of those receiving partial DP to enable identifying individuals at an increased risk of full DP.
Genomic insights and advanced machine learning: characterizing autism spectrum disorder biomarkers and genetic interactions
Authors: Nahas Laila Dabab , Datta Ankur , Alsamman Alsamman M. , Adly Monica H. , Al-Dewik Nader , Sekaran Karthik , Sasikumar K , Verma Kanika , Doss George Priya C , Zayed Hatem
Published: December 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by altered brain connectivity and function. In this study, we employed advanced bioinformatics and explainable AI to analyze gene expression associated with ASD, using data from five GEO datasets. Among 351 neurotypical controls and 358 individuals with autism, we identified 3,339 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) with an adjusted p-value (≤ 0.05). A subsequent meta-analysis pinpointed 342 DEGs (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.001), including 19 upregulated and 10 down-regulated genes across all datasets. Shared genes, pathogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), chromosomal positions, and their impact on biological pathways were examined. We identified potential biomarkers (HOXB3, NR2F2, MAPK8IP3, PIGT, SEMA4D, and SSH1) through text mining, meriting further investigation. Additionally, ‎we shed light on the roles of RPS4Y1 and KDM5D genes in neurogenesis and neurodevelopment. Our analysis detected 1,286 SNPs linked to ASD-related conditions, of which 14 high-risk SNPs were located on chromosomes 10 and X. We highlighted potential missense SNPs associated with FGFR inhibitors, suggesting that it may serve as a promising biomarker for responsiveness to targeted therapies. Our explainable AI model identified the MID2 gene as a potential ASD biomarker. This research unveils vital genes and potential biomarkers, providing a foundation for novel gene discovery in complex diseases.
A simple and rapid assay of lysosomal-targeting CDy6 for long-term real-time viability assessments in 2D and 3D in vitro culture models
Authors: Kang Chanhan , Yun Won-Soo , Jeong Yun-Mi
Published: December 2023

CDy6, a BODIPY-derived compound, is used to label lysosomes and visualize proliferating cells. However, its effectiveness in long-term, real-time cell viability assays using 2D or 3D cell culture models is unclear. We evaluated the suitability of CDy6 by assessing cell health using human keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines in both models. Cells were stained with CDy6 or other dyes and fluorescent images were obtained with confocal microscopy. CLV extracts derived from CDy6-stained HaCaT cells were also dissolved with DMSO and analyzed using a spectrometer. Furthermore, we added CDy6-stained collagen hydrogels to CCD-986sk cells, loaded them into a frame construction to establish a 3D dermal layer for long-term culture, and analyzed the status of the CLVs. The CLV method, also measured using a spectrometer, yielded results similar to MTT assay for validating viability. In contrast to calcein AM staining, the CLV method allows for both absorbance measurement and imaging under short-term and long-term culture conditions with less cytotoxicity. In conclusion, the CLV method provides a simple and sensitive tool for assessing the status of live cells in 2D and 3D in vitro cell culture models and can be used as an alternative to animal testing, such as with 3D artificial skin models.
Investigation of the effect of carnitine on cerebral vasospasm in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model
Authors: Resitoglu Gokhan , Akgun Mehmet Yigit , Ates Ozkan , Oztanir Mustafa Namik
Published: December 2023

The vasospasm, which develops after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is an unenlightened table in terms of etiology and results. It is usually associated with decreased perfusion, which is associated with decreased blood flow distal to the affected artery and can be demonstrated radiologically. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) can be found in brain tissue and easily crosses the blood–brain barrier. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ALCAR, which is an effective antioxidant amine, on vasospasm development after experimental SAH. In our study, 35 adults male Wistar RATs weighing between 235–250 g were used. These RATs were divided into five groups with n = 7. Group 1 Control group, Group 2 SAH + SF (carrier solution), Group 3 SAH + ALCAR 50 mg\kg intraperitoneally, Group 4 SAH + ALCAR 100 mg\kg intraperitoneally and Group 5 SAH. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by giving autologous arterial blood to the cisterna magna of the animals in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5. At 0.-12.- 24.- 36.- 48.- 60. and 72. h, Group 2 was injected with SF, Group 3 with intraperitoneally ALCAR 50 mg\kg, and Group 4 with intraperitoneally ALCAR 100 mg\kg, respectively. Following perfusion and fixation, the animals were subjected to a wide craniectomy, and the brain, cerebellum, and brain stems were removed globally. Then, sections were taken from the basilar arteries of all animals and photographed at 40X magnification. Basilar artery lumen cross-sectional areas, basilar artery areas, and wall thicknesses were measured from these sections. The basilar artery lumen cross-sectional area was found to be significantly larger in the groups in which SAH was formed and ALCAR 50 mg\kg and ALCAR 100 mg\kg were given compared to the group with only SAH and SAH + SF (p = 0.0408). Basilar artery wall thickness increased in all groups except the control group (p < 0.05). In light of all these findings, it was concluded in our study that Carnitine was effective in the resolution of vasospasm in the experimental SAH model.
Identification of neutrophil extracellular traps and crosstalk genes linking inflammatory bowel disease and osteoporosis by integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning
Authors: Xu Gang , Zhang Wanhao , Yang Jun , Sun Na , Qu Xiaochen
Published: December 2023

Musculoskeletal deficits are among the most common extra-intestinal manifestations and complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to identify crosstalk genes between IBD and osteoporosis (OP) and potential relationships between crosstalk and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-related genes. Three common hub genes from different compared groups are actually the same, namely HDAC6, IL-8, and PPIF. ROC showed that the combined diagnostic value of HDAC6, IL-8, and PPIF was higher than each of the three key hub genes. Immune infiltration results showed that HDAC6 and IL-8 key genes negatively correlated with CD65 bright natural killer cells. USF1 was the common upstream TFs between HDAC6 and PPIF, and MYC was the common upstream TFs between IL-8 and PPIF in RegNetwork. Taken together, this study shows a linked mechanism between IBD and OP via NETs and crosstalk genes. These findings may show light on better diagnosis and treatment of IBD complicated with OP.
Optogenetic induction of caspase-8 mediated apoptosis by employing Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2
Authors: Mo Weiliang , Su Shengzhong , Shang Ruige , Yang Liang , Zhao Xuelai , Wu Chengfeng , Yang Zhenming , Zhang He , Wu Liuming , Liu Yibo , He Yun , Zhang Ruipeng , Zuo Zecheng
Published: December 2023

Apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, is a regulatory process controlling cell proliferation as cells undergo demise. Caspase-8 serves as a pivotal apoptosis-inducing factor that initiates the death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway. In this investigation, we have devised an optogenetic method to swiftly modulate caspase-8 activation in response to blue light. The cornerstone of our optogenetic tool relies on the PHR domain of Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2, which self-oligomerizes upon exposure to blue light. In this study, we have developed two optogenetic approaches for rapidly controlling caspase-8 activation in response to blue light in cellular systems. The first strategy, denoted as Opto-Casp8-V1, entails the fusion expression of the Arabidopsis blue light receptor CRY2 N-terminal PHR domain with caspase-8. The second strategy, referred to as Opto-Casp8-V2, involves the independent fusion expression of caspase-8 with the PHR domain and the CRY2 blue light-interacting protein CIB1 N-terminal CIB1N. Upon induction with blue light, PHR undergoes aggregation, leading to caspase-8 aggregation. Additionally, the blue light-dependent interaction between PHR and CIB1N also results in caspase-8 aggregation. We have validated these strategies in both HEK293T and HeLa cells. The findings reveal that both strategies are capable of inducing apoptosis, with Opto-Casp8-V2 demonstrating significantly superior efficiency compared to Opto-Casp8-V1.
Unique three-dimensional ordered macroporous dealloyed gold–silver electrochemical sensing platforms for ultrasensitive mercury(ii) monitoring
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhang Chengzhou , Ge Lingna , Huang Shan , Chen Xiaojun
Published: December 2023

To address the requirement of ultra-sensitive detection of trace mercury(ii) (Hg2+) ions in the environment and food, we developed an electrochemical biosensor with super-sensitivity, extremely high selectivity, and reusability.
Investigating the binding of organic charge transfer co-crystals to human serum albumin by experimental and theoretical methods: spectroscopy, molecular docking and DFT/TD-DFT studies
Authors: Khan Ishaat M. , Khan Arshi , Shakya Sonam , Osama Mohammad , Islam Maidul , Naaz Farha , Ahmad Musheer
Published: December 2023

A new complex was formed by the transfer of charge between 2-ethylimidazole (2-EIM) as an electron donor and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (BTC) as a π acceptor and studied using various physical and chemical methods.
LiO-t-Bu/CsF-Mediated Formal Hydrolysis of Trifluoromethyl Arenes
Authors: Shigeno Masanori , Kiriyama Moe , Izumi Koki , Sasaki Keita , Sasamoto Ozora , Nozawa-Kumada Kanako , Kondo Yoshinori
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the formal hydrolysis of trifluoromethyl arenes without deprotonation functionality utilizing a combined Brønsted base system comprising LiO-t-Bu and CsF. The reaction conditions were optimized using 4-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl as the model substrate, achieving a 94% yield with LiO-t-Bu/CsF. The scope of the substrate was explored, demonstrating the applicability of the system to various functionalities, such as (hetero)aryl, tert-butyl, methyl, amide, and alkenyl moieties. Mechanistic insights suggest a single electron transfer process.
Magnesiation of Alkyl Fluorides Catalyzed by Rhodium–Aluminum Bimetallic Complexes
Authors: Nakao Yoshiaki , Fujii Ikuya , Higo Ryota , Semba Kazuhiko
Published: December 2023

Since the pioneering work by Grignard in 1900, organomagnesium reagents, the so-called Grignard reagents, have been indispensable in organic synthesis. Alkyl Grignard reagents are usually prepared from the corresponding alkyl iodides, bromides, or chlorides with Mg, whereas alkyl fluorides are not viable substrates under conventional conditions due to the high stability of the C–F bonds. We report that Al–Rh bimetallic complexes catalyze the magnesiation of C(sp3)–F bonds of alkyl fluorides using easy-to-handle Mg powder. The present conditions can accommodate primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl fluorides to afford the corresponding alkylmagnesium reagents, which can be successfully converted into various functionalities.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on Manual Therapy for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Yan Mengdie , Shi Yunzhou , Liu Yanqin , Shi Yue , Zhang Mengzhu , Chen Dongnan , Ye Senlin , Li Shiyin , Feng Yue
Published: December 2023

Objective The objective of our study was to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of manual therapy in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), providing a reference value for clinical decision-making.

Method Studies of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of manual therapy in patients with GERD were searched through Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP China Science and Technology Journal Database, China Biology Medicine Database, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, OVID Medline, and Embase. Two researchers independently reviewed the literature, extracted data, and performed a risk of bias analysis using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and conducted meta-analysis analysis and publication bias evaluation, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool 26 was used to rate the caliber of the data in this meta-analysis.

Results This study included 11 RCTs. Meta-analysis showed that the manual therapy group had a higher total effective rate (odds ratio [OR] = 4.63, 95% confidence interval [CI; 3.01, 7.14], p < 0.00001) and better Reflux Disease Questionnaire scores {weighted mean difference (WMD) = −1.59, 95% CI [−2.85, −0.33], p = 0.01} than the control group. The subgroup analysis showed significant differences in improving the total effective rate in manual therapy versus Western medicine, manual therapy versus Chinese medicine decoction, manual therapy + Western medicine versus Western medicine, and manual therapy + conventional treatment versus conventional treatment groups. Among the 11 trials, 5 reported adverse events, and all RCTs had the possibility of publication bias. Subgroup analysis shows that the differences in age could significantly influence heterogeneity; The GRADE analysis revealed that the overall quality of evidence for all outcome indicators was low and did not support our recommendation for the outcome.

Conclusion Manual therapy is more effective than medication therapy alone in relieving GERD symptoms. Furthermore, conventional therapy combined with manual therapy was found to be even more effective. Hence, it is crucial to consider these findings when applying manual therapy to GERD patients to enhance treatment outcomes. Future studies must address issues such as study quality, treatment duration, and generalizability.
Correlation between the Distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Molecular Types of Breast Cancer in Perichemotherapy Period
Authors: Meng Bingxin , Cheng Xufeng , Liu Qi , Zhao Huiduo , Wang Beibei , Xu Liuyan
Published: December 2023

Objectives The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and molecular types of breast cancer in the perichemotherapy period.

Methods A total of 325 cases with perichemotherapy breast cancer was classified according to syndrome differentiation in TCM , and R × C table χ2 test was used to examine and analyze the relationship between TCM syndromes and molecular types of breast cancer in the perichemotherapy period.

Results (1) In the early stage of chemotherapy, there was no significant difference in the distribution of different TCM syndromes among molecular types, mainly liver depression syndrome and liver depression and phlegm coagulation syndrome (p > 0.05). (2) In the middle stage of chemotherapy, there were significant differences in the distribution of spleen deficiency and phlegm-dampness syndrome among HER-2 positive (HR positive), HER-2 positive (HR negative), and Luminal A type, Luminal B type (HER-2 negative), and triple-negative type (p < 0.01). (3) After chemotherapy, there were significant differences in the distribution of spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome and marrow sea insufficiency syndrome among HER-2 positive (HR negative), triple-negative type, and HER-2 positive (HR positive), Luminal A type, Luminal B type (HER-2 negative), and triple-negative type (p < 0.01).

Conclusion (1) In the middle stage of chemotherapy, HER-2 positive (HR positive) and HER-2 positive (HR negative) are more likely to show spleen deficiency and phlegm-dampness syndrome than other molecular types. (2) In the late stage of chemotherapy, the HER-2 positive (HR negative) and triple-negative type is more likely to show spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome than other molecular types, and the triple-negative type is more likely to show marrow sea insufficiency syndrome than other molecular types.
Studying the first order hyperpolarizability spectra in chalcone-based derivatives and the relation with one- and two-photon absorption transitions
Authors: Sciuti Lucas F. , dos Santos Carlos H. D. , Cocca Leandro H. Z. , Pelosi André G. , da Costa Rafaela G. M. , Limberger Jones , Mendonça Cleber R. , De Boni Leonardo
Published: December 2023

The first-order molecular hyperpolarizability (β) dispersion was measured in seven chalcone-based molecules utilizing the tunable femtosecond hyper-Rayleigh scattering (tHRS) technique. Additionally, a theoretical model based on photophysical parameters was employed to better understand β dispersion. Due to the distinct substitution patterns of the aryl/heteroaryl rings within the chalcone structure, varying profiles of one- and two-photon absorption spectra and β dispersion were observed. The applied model highlighted two important factors contributing to achieving high β values: (i) the presence of red-shifted one-photon and two-photon absorption bands; and (ii) the number of discernible absorption bands. To contextualize these results with other molecular structures, we employed the HRS figure of merit (FOM). Remarkably, it was revealed that chemically engineered small chalcone molecules exhibit a FOM comparable to larger quadrupolar and octupolar ones. This underscores the significance of tHRS scattering measurements and their correlation with absorptive parameters in the design and characterization of nonlinear optical materials.
Investigation of transitional flow in a transonic compressor rotor with hub leakage using large eddy simulation
Authors: Li Zhen , Ju Yaping , Zhang Chuhua
Published: December 2023

The hub leakage flow has been acknowledged as an important factor for performance deficiency of axial-flow compressors. Meanwhile, the laminar-turbulent transition in compressors is highly sensitive to the upstream flow state and significantly affects the flow loss. In the present work, quasi-wall-resolved large eddy simulation of a transonic axial-flow compressor rotor at the near-peak-efficiency point is carried out to investigate the effects of hub leakage as well as its absolute tangential velocity on the compressor performance and the laminar-turbulent transition in the blade passage. It is confirmed that the hub leakage with an absolute tangential velocity of 0.5 wheel speed can result in the near-hub total pressure deficit. With the hub leakage taken into account, the predicted total pressure ratio and adiabatic efficiency agree well with the experimental data. The simulation results indicate that increasing the absolute tangential velocity of hub leakage would intensify the near-hub vortices, elevate the endwall turbulence level, increase the near-hub flow loss, and cause a remarkable total pressure ratio drop. This work promotes the understanding of complex flow mechanisms in axial-flow compressors in the presence of hub leakage.
A multimodal flow reactor for photocatalysis under atmospheric conditions
Authors: Garcia-Esparza Angel T. , Qureshi Muhammad , Skoien Dean , Hersbach Thomas J. P. , Sokaras Dimosthenis
Published: December 2023

Photocatalysis is a promising concept for the direct conversion of solar energy into fuels and chemicals. The design, experimental protocol, and performance of a multimodal and versatile flow reactor for the characterization of powdered and immobilized photocatalysts are herein presented. Ultimately, this instrument enables rigorous evaluation of photocatalysis performance metrics. The apparatus quantifies transient gas-phase reaction products via online real-time gas analyzer mass spectrometry (RTGA-MS). For H2, the most challenging gas, the photocatalytic system’s RTGA-MS gas detection sensitivity spans over three orders of magnitude and can detect down to tens of parts per million under atmospheric conditions. Using Pt nanoparticles supported on anatase TiO2 photocatalyst via wet impregnation, the instrument’s capability for the characterization of photocatalytic H2 evolution is demonstrated, resulting in an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 48.1% ± 0.9% at 320 nm, 45.7% ± 0.3% at 340 nm and 31% ± 1% at 360 nm. The photodeposition of Pt on anatase TiO2 was employed to demonstrate the instrument’s capability to track the transient behavior of photocatalysts, resulting in an improved 55% ± 2% AQY for H2 evolution at 340 nm from aqueous methanol. This photocatalytic instrument enables systematic study of a wide variety of photocatalytic reactions such as water splitting and CO2 reduction to valuable C2+ fuels and chemicals.