bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Expression Pattern and Prognostic Value of the Heparanase in Breast Cancer Through CD274/CTLA-4 Immune Checkpoint Proteins
Authors: Kong Weijia , Zhang Ganlin , Wang Yue , Zhang Jiahui , Ding Tongjing , Chen Dong , Pan Yuancan , Yi Runxi , Yin Xiaohui , Wang Xiaomin
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Heparanase (HPSE), an endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate, regulates various biological processes related to tumor progression. We explore the prognostic value of HPSE and its relationship with immunotherapy response in patients with breast cancer, to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy and increase the survival outcomes. Methods: In the study, we explored the prognostic value of HPSE through the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. By using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) method, we measured the infiltration levels of 24 immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP) and PRISM datasets provide the area under the dose-response curve (AUC) to measure drug sensitivity. Using nomograms, we predicted overall survival ability. In vivo studies, we investigated the relationship between HPSE and immune checkpoint proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines by immunohistochemistry of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer tumors in mice. Results: Our model demonstrated that the integrating of HPSE with the clinical stage effectively predicts patients’ survival time, highlighting high HPSE expression as a prognostic risk factor for breast cancer. Then the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve [AUC of 1 year = 0.747, AUC of 3 years = 0.731] and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) curve illustrated the satisfactory discriminative capacity of our model, emphasizing its valuable clinical applicability. Immune-related results showed that HPSE correlates strongly with immune infiltrating cells, immune-related genes, and the anti-cancer immunity cycle. In vivo studies have demonstrated that HPSE in breast cancer is associated with increased expression of immune checkpoint proteins CD274 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and is positively correlated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Meanwhile, we analyzed the 11 types of drugs that are sensitive to the HPSE gene. Conclusion: Our results show that HPSE can serve as an effective biomarker to predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients and reflect the impact of immunotherapy.
Fitting garbage class mixed logit models in Stata
Authors: Jonker Marcel F.
Published: September 2024

In this article, I describe the garbagejnixl command, which fits the garbage class and standard panel mixed logit models in Stata.
The Commercial Determinants of Men’s Health Promotion: A Case Study of Gambling, Nonnies, and Athleisurewear
Authors: Oliffe John L. , Kelly Mary T. , Gao Nina , Velzeboer Rob , Sharp Paul , Li Eric P. H.
Published: September 2024

Although the social determinants of health have guided equity work with the tailoring of men’s health promotion programs, the role of, and potential for, the commercial determinants of health in those interventions is rarely addressed and poorly understood. While four commercial products, tobacco, alcohol, ultra-processed food, and fossil fuels, account for more than a third of global deaths, there is a need to recognize that consumer goods industries can make both positive and negative contributions to health. This article begins much-needed discussions about what we might learn from, and strategically tap in the commercial sector to seed, scale, and sustain men’s health promotion programs. Three case studies, online sports betting, beer and the rise of the nonny, and athleisurewear, are discussed. Connections between online sports betting and masculinities explain young men’s disproportionate involvement and gambling addictions with recommendations to legislate an end to gambling advertisements and de-incentivize industry profiteering through penalties and higher taxes. Regarding beer and the rise of the nonny, brewers have innovated with non-alcoholic beer based on shifting consumption patterns and masculinities in their core market—men. The nonny reminds health promoters to know their end-user’s values and behaviors to bolster program acceptability. Detailing Under Armour and Lululemon, two highly gendered but diversifying athleisurewear brands, the complexities of, and potential for, leveraging public health and industry collaborations are underscored. Taken together, the article findings suggest men’s health promoters should rigorously explore tapping key commercial entities and tax revenues to advance the health of men and their communities.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Lifestyle Medicine Health Behavior Scale
Authors: Pangalangan Julia , Puma Jini , Tollefson Michelle , Frates Beth
Published: September 2024

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure health behavior across the six pillars of lifestyle medicine: sleep, social connectedness, physical activity, nutrition, substance use, and stress management. A pilot study (n = 94) investigated the construct, convergent, and content validity and reliability of the Lifestyle Medicine Health Behavior (LMHB) scale. Based on the pilot study results and literature, the scale was revised for further psychometric evaluation. Methods. A sample (n = 399) of participants completed the LMHB scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess construct validity. Face validity was assessed using qualitative feedback. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results. The final model included five latent dimensions and one observed to represent each of the distinct pillars in lifestyle medicine. The open-ended response item elicited preponderance of positive feedback (∼80%); the scale was perceived as easy to understand and complete. Overall, the scale was reliable (α = 0.84). Conclusion. The LMHB scale assesses health behaviors across all six lifestyle medicine pillars, addressing each one systematically and individually. The scale had sufficient validity and reliability to measure health behaviors in this sample of adults. This is the first lifestyle medicine survey instrument to evaluate content, face, and construct validity and reliability.
Investigating the impact of battery arrangements on thermal management performance of lithium-ion battery pack design
Authors: Li Haibing , Ye Yaoliang , Zhang Zhenjie , Yu Wei , Zhang Zhongbo , Zhu Wenbo
Published: September 2024

The working temperature is one of the key factors affecting the efficiency and safety performance of automotive power batteries. Current battery pack design primarily focuses on single layout configurations, overlooking the potential impact of mixed arrangements on thermal management performance. This study presents a module-based optimization methodology for comprehensive concept design of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack. Firstly, the arrangement modules is optimized and performed using particle swarm optimization algorithms considering various arrangement layout (i.e. rectangular, diamond, and staggered arrangements) by taking the intercell spacing and maximum temperature of the modules as design objectives. Secondly, the battery pack configuration design is performed employing a neural network model reflect diverse battery module configurations within the pack, exploring their impact on thermal management performance. The hybrid battery arrangement effectively improves thermal management, and the module spacing helps to enhance heat dissipation. The staggered arrangement has a greater impact on the heat dissipation performance of the battery pack, but the spacing between different modules varies with the position of the modules. When all configuration schemes are staggered modules, the optimal range of the spacing between modules is between 6 and 7 mm. However, the study observes a non-linear relationship between module spacing and the maximum temperature difference within the battery pack. While increasing module spacing initially decreases temperature differences, it eventually reverses, suggesting that spacing alone may not consistently enhance thermal management. Validation with a lithium-ion battery pack case study demonstrates the method’s effectiveness, providing valuable knowledge for future cell and pack designs that employ different battery cell arrangements and diverse cooling strategies.
Mamillopontine Distance Before and After Treatment in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
Authors: Madill Evan , Kissoon Narayan , Bhattacharyya Shamik
Published: September 2024

We describe a case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension secondary to a CSF-venous fistula that was treated with transvenous embolization. We present the imaging findings from a brain MRI before and after embolization demonstrating changes in the patient’s mamillopontine distance. Decreased mamillopontine distance is a marker of spontaneous intracranial hypotension and a minor criterion in the Bern Score.
Minding the gap? Blind spots in the ILO's and the EU's perspective on anti-forced labour policy
Authors: Milman-Sivan Faina , Sagy Yair
Published: September 2024

This article critically examines the EU's recent proposal to ban products made with forced labour from its market, which adopts the ILO's definition of ‘forced labour’ as outlined in the Forced Labour Convention of 1930 (No. 29). The authors argue that the EU's endorsement of the ILO's approach is problematic due to two flawed assumptions: (1) the definition of ‘forced labour’ is universally accepted across the EU, and (2) it is well-suited to combat forced labour in contemporary supply chains. Through an analysis of ongoing debates between the ILO and its Member States, the article demonstrates a lack of consensus regarding the interpretation of the Convention, particularly in the context of hybrid public-private prison labour arrangements. Furthermore, introducing a new Hybrid Multi-Dimensional (HMD) model for analysing contemporary prison labour practices, the article reveals blind spots in the ILO's approach that may inadvertently allow the incorporation of prison labour into supply chains, contrary to the EU's objectives. The article argues that the EU's unequivocal endorsement of the ILO's definition disregards these fundamental issues and may hinder the effective implementation of its proposed ban. The authors suggest that the HMD model offers a more comprehensive framework for analysing the complex realities of modern prison labour and could provide a roadmap for resolving the ILO-States debate. The article concludes that the EU should reconsider its wholesale adoption of the ILO's approach in light of the HMD model's insights in order to fulfil the objectives of its proposed forced labour product ban.
Internet of things enabled E-learning system for academic achievement among university students
Authors: Haque Md Alimul , Ahmad Sultan , Hossain Md Alamgir , Kumar Kailash , Faizanuddin Md , Islam Farheen , Haque Shameemul , Rahman Moidur , Marisennayya Senapathy , Nazeer Jabeen
Published: September 2024

The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a burgeoning frontier in educational innovation, particularly in the realm of e-learning. Despite its expanding capabilities, the integration of IoT technologies into e-learning within higher educational institutions (HEIs) faces numerous challenges and constraints. Limited research has delved into the implementation of IoT in e-learning, especially in developing nations. Consequently, this study seeks to explore the determinants influencing the adoption of IoT for e-learning in HEIs. The aim of the innovative ICT classroom is to assist students in acquiring new skills, adapting to new situations, and utilizing technology in a manner that leads to enhanced learning outcomes and extensive knowledge. Our suggested e-learning system, integrated with IoT technology, gauges student engagement and attentiveness throughout online lectures. The proposed technology integrates electroencephalography (EEG) with IoT. The IoT is a collection of technologies that allow embedded real-world objects to connect to the Internet and is widely used by humans to support a variety of activities. IoT should be taught using developmental learning approaches and included in higher education teaching projects. EEG devices are used to track the psychological movements of students taking online courses. Our findings demonstrate how the proposed method can be used to detect the user’s level of concentration and the required level of educational strategy. A collection of informational indexes for student attention. By using a BiLSTM network to predict undergraduate recall and temporary memory, we can accurately predict undergraduate preferred learning styles. The findings of the research demonstrate that IoT systems and devices play a pivotal role in enhancing access to education. They facilitate easier teaching and learning processes while democratizing education. When employed as educational tools, IoT devices contribute significantly to creating highly engaging learning experiences for students.
Inventory Management Performance for Tracer Medicines in Public Health Facilities of Southwest Shewa Zone Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A mixed study
Authors: Gutesa Alemayehu , Jebena Tariku , Kebede Oliyad
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Tracer medicines are medicines that must be available in sufficient quantities at all times to satisfy the priority health care needs of the population. Inventory mismanagement of these medicines poses significant challenges to public health systems, especially in countries like Ethiopia, where access to healthcare services is already limited.

Objective:

This study aims to assess inventory management performance for tracer medicines at public health facilities of the southwest Shewa zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia.

Method:

Concurrent triangulation mixed-method study was conducted from 1 to 30 June 2022. The quantitative data were collected using interviewer-administered semistructured questionnaires and observational checklists. The qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with key informants. The quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS version 26 and Excel spreadsheet version 16. We calculated the stock-out rate, inventory accuracy rate, percentage of facilities that fulfill appropriate storage conditions, percentage of facilities that submitted reports on time, and received the exact quantity of drugs they ordered. Qualitative data were analyzed manually using the thematic content analysis technique.

Results:

The inventory accuracy rate for tracer medicines was 76% for hospitals and 72.5% for health centers. The overall mean stock-out rate was 24.99%. Bin card updating practice was 93.3%, and only 25% health facilities met the acceptable storage conditions criteria. Among submitted reports, 88.8% were timely reported, 72.2% were accurate, and 75% were complete. Inventory management challenges include a shortage of supplies from the supplier and in the market, price inflation, inadequate training, lack of supportive supervision, insufficient IT and storage infrastructures, lack of communication, and budget constraints.

Conclusion:

From this finding, we concluded that facilities’ report quality, inventory record accuracy, storage conditions, and logistics management information system needs improvements. Therefore, Ministry of Health, assessed facilities and Ethiopian pharmaceuticals Supply Services should take measures to improve them.
A regression predictive model for QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus® indeterminate results in immunosuppressed patients
Authors: Bellagha Rahma , Dhaouadi Tarak , Riahi Awatef , Ben Rehouma Wahiba , Jedidi Hajer , Mouelhi Leila , Abdelmoula Leila , Ben Abdallah Taïeb , Gorgi Yousr , Sfar Imen
Published: September 2024

Background:

Screening for latent tuberculosis infection using Interferon-Gamma Release Assays is a routine procedure prior to the initiation of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy. However, indeterminate results are relatively frequent and are an obstacle to treatment initiation.

Aim:

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the frequency of indeterminate QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus® test results in Tunisian patients, and to analyze the potential clinico-biological risk factors associated with these indeterminate results.

Methods:

Whole blood samples from 712 patients being monitored for autoimmune diseases and candidates for anti-TNF biotherapy or switch of immunosuppressive therapy were used to screen for latent tuberculosis infection using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus® test. Based on literature background, the following variables were tested for the association with indeterminate results: gender, age, diabetes, immunosuppressive drugs, lymphocyte count, Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, serum albumin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Results:

The QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus® test was negative in 572 (80.3%) patients, positive in 106 (14.9%), and indeterminate in 34 (4.8%) cases. Positive results were significantly associated with a family history of confirmed and treated tuberculosis, OR (95% CI) = 52 (20.2–134.3). The use of immunosuppressive drugs and duration of treatment were significantly associated with the occurrence of indeterminate results: OR (95% CI) = 24.5 (5.8–103) and OR (95% CI) = 1.004 (1.002–1.007), respectively. Biologically, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate were significant risk factors for indeterminate results: p = 5 E-6, p = 4.3 E-4, and p = 0.002, respectively. Thus, a multiple logistic regression model based on these three biological parameters enabled us to develop a predictive score for indeterminate results with a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 99.9%, AUC = 0.9964 (0.9917–1), p = 2.8 E-52.

Conclusion:

Immunosuppressive therapy, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and kidney failure appeared to be risk factors for indeterminate QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus® results.
Disparities between objectively measured hearing loss and subjectively perceived aided hearing loss: A scoping review
Authors: Hindhede Anette Lykke , Soendergaard Natascha Sofie , Toldam Eva Juul , Hansen Niels-Henrik Møller
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

This scoping review aims to summarize and synthesize research findings on the disparities between audiometrically diagnosed and aided hearing loss versus the individual’s own experience of hearing loss.

Methods:

A systematic search strategy was employed across multiple databases to identify studies published between 1990 and October 2023 focusing on the experiences of hearing problems among individuals with aided hearing loss. The selected studies underwent screening based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. These criteria revolved around including papers featuring a population of adult (+18) individuals with audiometrically measured hearing loss who had undergone technological rehabilitation. Data charting was employed to provide an overview of the studies and was additionally utilized to identify key themes. Narrative analysis was used to identify subthemes within the data set.

Results:

A total of 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. The analysis identified five themes: “disability experience and discrepancy between measured and self-perceived hearing loss”; “listening effort”; “mental burden/psychological consequences”; “factors that alleviate the consequences of HL”; and “sociodemographic factors.”

Conclusions:

The scoping review shows that, despite the proliferation of technological options, there is a pressing need for a more concentrated effort to identify and scrutinize the supplementary facets of hearing loss that remain inadequately addressed by current hearing technology. This includes subjective experiences associated with hearing loss that may not be effectively treated solely with hearing aids.
Critical geographies of disaster, and the geographical imagination
Authors: Donovan Amy , Hall Tilly E. , Morin Julie , Smith Carolyn , Walshe Rory
Published: September 2024

This paper combines assemblage theory, feminist ethics of care and decolonial theory to build on recent work in disaster studies that seeks to address the systematic and intersectional inequalities that underlie the emergence of disaster. We argue that Western logics of “risk” do not always have traction with communities, and so researchers must “stay with the trouble” in engaging with tensions between lifeworlds. We suggest that geographical imaginaries provide a means to analyze the diverse ways of being and knowing that are involved in this process.
In vivo silencing of intestinal DMT1 mitigates iron loading in β-thalassemia intermedia (Hbbth3/+) mice
Authors: Yu Yang , Woloshun Regina R. , Lee Jennifer K. , Ebea-Ugwuanyi Pearl O. , Shine Jacob S. , Zhu Sean , He Yue , Collins James F.
Published: September 2024

β-thalassemia is an iron-loading anemia caused by homozygous mutation of the hemoglobin subunit β (HBB) gene. In β-thalassemia intermedia (βTI), a non–transfusion-dependent form of the disease, iron overload is caused by excessive absorption of dietary iron due to inappropriately low production of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. Low hepcidin stabilizes the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN) on the basolateral membrane of enterocytes. High FPN activity may deplete intracellular iron and enhance expression of the predominant iron importer divalent metal-ion transporter 1 (DMT1). In mice, DMT1 mediates normal iron absorption under physiological conditions and excessive iron absorption in pathological iron overload (eg, hereditary hemochromatosis). Here, we hypothesized that DMT1 drives elevated iron absorption in βTI. Accordingly, we crossed Hbbth3/+ mice, a preclinical model of βTI, with intestine-specific DMT1-knockout mice. Ablation of intestinal DMT1 in Hbbth3/+ mice caused a pathophysiological shift from iron overload to an iron-deficiency phenotype with exacerbated anemia. DMT1 is thus required for iron absorption and iron loading in Hbbth3/+ mice. Based upon these outcomes, we further logically postulated that in vivo knockdown of intestinal DMT1 would mitigate iron loading in Hbbth3/+ mice. Ginger-derived, lipid nanoparticles carrying DMT1-specific (or control) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were administered by oral, intragastric gavage to 4-week-old Hbbth3/+ mice daily for 16 days. siRNA treatment reduced DMT1 expression by >80% and blunted iron loading, as indicated by significant reductions in liver iron and serum ferritin (which reflect body iron stores). These notable experimental outcomes establish intestinal DMT1 as a plausible therapeutic target to mitigate iron overload in βTI.
MK-5475, an inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: the INSIGNIA-PAH study
Authors: Humbert Marc , Hassoun Paul M. , Chin Kelly M. , Bortman Guillermo , Patel Mahesh J. , La Rosa Carmen , Fu Wei , Loureiro Maria José , Hoeper Marius M.
Published: September 2024

Background

MK-5475 is an investigational inhaled soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator hypothesised to avoid most side-effects of systemic vasodilation.

Methods

The phase 2 INSIGNIA-PAH (NCT04732221) trial randomised adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) on stable background therapy 1:1:1:1 to once-daily dosing with placebo, MK-5475 32 µg, 100 µg or 380 µgviadry powder inhalation for 12 weeks.

Objectives

The objectives were to evaluate pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; primary), 6-min walk distance (6MWD; secondary), additional selected haemodynamic parameters, and safety and tolerability in participants with PAH.

Results

168 participants were randomised to placebo (n=41), MK-5475 32 µg (n=42), 100 µg (n=44), and 380 µg (n=41). Median age was 51 years. Most participants were female (73.8%), diagnosed with idiopathic PAH (63.7%), receiving concomitant phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i; 93.5%), and treated with double or triple combination therapy (85.1%). At week 12, the placebo-corrected changes in PVR by least-squares means were −9.2% (95% CI −21.3%, 2.9%; p=0.068) with 32 µg, −22.0% (95% CI −33.7%, −10.3%; p<0.001) with 100 µg, and −19.9% (95% CI −33.4%, −6.4%; p=0.002) with 380 µg MK-5475. No treatment differencesversusplacebo were observed in 6MWD. Treatment-related adverse events and serious adverse events were similar across treatment groups. Three participants died: two on placebo and one on MK-5475 100 µg. One participant had symptomatic hypotension and one had haemoptysis (both on MK-5475 100 µg).

Conclusions

In participants with PAH on stable background therapy, including PDE5i, inhaled MK-5475 reduced PVR and was well tolerated, without evidence of systemic side-effects such as hypotension, suggesting a pulmonary selective pharmacodynamic effect.
‘It’s so heavy on my mind’: The lived experience of diabetes in pregnancy and postpartum mother and infant lifestyle
Authors: Morton-Jones Jacob , Brenton-Peters Jennifer , Blake Lisa , Sinclair Siniva , Faletau Julienne , Takinui Eva , Lewis-Hills Elizabeth , Oyston Charlotte
Published: September 2024

Background

Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with short and long-term adverse health outcomes for mothers and babies. The condition disproportionately impacts Pacific, Maaori, and Indian pregnancies. Those with diabetes are offered intensive support during pregnancy, but in many centres, no additional support following birth beyond routine care. The aim of this study was to determine the postpartum needs for mothers and whaanau (family) impacted by diabetes in pregnancy, to inform co-design of a new service to improve metabolic and developmental outcomes for infants.

Methods

Pregnancies complicated by diabetes were identified using a local diabetes registry. Mothers with a diagnosis of GDM or T2DM and gave birth between January 2022 -June 2022 were eligible for the study. A total of 19 parents (18 mothers, 1 father) were interviewed. Participants primarily identified as Maaori (6), Pacific (6), Indian (3), Asian (2), and New Zealand European (2). Interviews took place between December 2022 and February 2023, between 5-13 months post-pregnancy. Interviews facilitated by an externally contracted local Pacific mother, with a professional background in social work were conducted using Koorero and Talanoa, Maaori and Pacific methods of qualitative data collection, to capture the lived experiences of participants. A multidisciplinary group reviewed and coded interview transcripts. Themes were presented back to participants and stakeholders for feedback and refinement. Four over-arching themes were illustrated with exemplar quotes.

Results

Four themes described the importance of 1) Finding a balance between what is “best practice” and what is best for me, my baby and my whaanau, 2) The need for individualised and culturally appropriate care, 3) Centrality of whaanau and family to the pregnancy and postpartum journey, 4) The pervasive negative impact of diabetes on taha hinegaro (well-being) beyond childbirth.

Conclusion

People who are affected by diabetes in pregnancy have ongoing physical, psychological, and social needs. A holistic, whaanau-centred approach is required to ensure optimal health and well-being outcomes of mothers, infants and whaanau. The findings of this study will inform a new targeted model of care for infants and whaanau affected by diabetes in pregnancy.
Monkeypox pandemic in Sudan, surveillance epidemiologic report, 2022
Authors: Izzoddeen Ahmad , Elbadri Omer , Nageeb Abdalla Mohamed , Magbol Mustafa , Osman Muntasir
Published: September 2024

Background

Mpox, is a zoonosis that is known to be endemic in several Central and West African countries. Recently, in 2022, it has emerged in Europe and United States, what raised the alarm to be declared in July 2022 as a public health event of international concern. This study aimed to give insight about the recent spread of mpox in Sudan, and documents the epidemiologic situation.

Methods

Through a cross-sectional design, Sudan mpox data was extracted from the disease surveillance line-list at the national level at Sudan Federal Ministry of Health. the data was customized and then analyzed using Epi Info7 software. Analysis was done using frequencies and percentages and the results presented in tables and figures. Permission and ethical approval were obtained from the Health Emergency and Epidemic Control Directorate at the Federal Ministry of Health.

Results

The outbreak of mpox was confirmed after testing of initial specimens outside Sudan with positivity rate of 72%. Later the cases continued to be reported based on the clinical diagnosis and standard case definition. Out of 375 reported cases, 54.4% were males, while 45.6% were females. The age of cases ranged from one month to 78 years with majority (41.1%) of the cases were children under 5 years of age. Regarding the reported symptoms, all cases had the characteristic skin rash and 74.1% of them had fever. Other symptoms included, headache (31.5%), sore throat (30.9%) and lymphadenopathy (26.1%). For occupation, 35.7% were preschool and 10.4% were school children, 9% of cases were prisoners. Around 22 (5.8%) reported contact history with a confirmed case, while (5.6%) of the cases were imported cases. Cases were reported from 17 states with 42 affected localities (districts) with an overall attack rate of 2.36/ 100,000. The highest number of cases was reported from Gadaref (45.3%), West Darfur (25.9%), Khartoum (13.3%) and north Darfur (3.5%). In Gadaref, 146 (85.8%) of the cases were from a refugees’ camp. Started in epi week 19, the outbreak peaked in week 38 and last in week 42.

Conclusion

Mpox was confirmed in the new Sudan for the first time with cases reported in most of states. Although importation of the virus is hypothesized, internal hidden circulation is possible and more in-depth investigation is highly recommended. The higher rate of infection among preschool, school children and refugees, highlights the need to strengthen the prevention and control measures in schools and camps. More focus on the data completeness is required for better understanding of the disease and can be ensured by the surveillance directorate through training of staff and updating of reporting forms. Strengthening the lab capacity inside the country is a necessity to ensure testing of all the clinically diagnosed cases.
Cytotoxic properties, glycolytic effects and high-resolution respirometry mitochondrial activities of Eriocephalus racemosus against MDA-MB 231 triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Adu-Amankwaah Francis , Februarie Candice , Nyambo Kudakwashe , Maarman Gerald , Tshililo Ndivhuwo , Mabasa Lawrence , Mavumengwana Vuyo , Baatjies Lucinda
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a significant global health crisis due to its resistance to conventional therapies and lack of specific molecular targets. This study explored the potential of Eriocephalus racemosus (E. racemosus) as an alternative treatment for TNBC. The cytotoxic properties and high-resolution respirometry mitochondrial activities of E. racemosus against the MDA-MB 231 TNBC cell line were evaluated.

Methods

Hexane solvent and bioactive fraction extractions of E. racemosus were performed, while mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling was used to identify the phytochemical constituents of the extracts. The extracts were further tested against MDA-MB 231 TNBC cells to determine their cytotoxicity. The mode of cell death was determined using flow cytometry. The activities of caspases 3, 8, and 9 were assessed using a multiplex activity assay kit. Glycolytic activity and High-resolution respirometry measurements of mitochondrial function in the MDA-MB 231 cell line were conducted using the Seahorse XFp and Oroboros O2K.

Results

Metabolite profiling of E. racemosus plant crude extracts identified the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, and unknown compounds. The extracts demonstrated promising cytotoxic activities, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.84 µg/mL for the crude hexane extract and 15.49 µg/mL for the bioactive fraction. Further, the crude hexane and bioactive fraction extracts induced apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, like the reference drug cisplatin (17.44%, 17.26% and 20.25%, respectively) compared to untreated cells. Caspase 3 activities confirmed the induction of apoptosis in both cisplatin and the plant crude extracts, while caspase 8 and 9 activities confirmed the activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Increased levels of glycolytic activity were observed in the hexane crude extract. High-resolution respiratory measurements showed elevated mitochondrial activities in all mitochondrial states except for complex-IV activity.

Conclusion

These findings support further exploration of E. racemosus as a potential therapeutic agent for TNBC, offering a promising avenue for the development of targeted treatments with minimal adverse effects.
Improving access to tuberculosis preventive treatment for children in Ethiopia: designing a home-based contact management intervention for the CHIP-TB trial through formative research
Authors: Salazar-Austin Nicole , Bergman Alanna J. , Mulder Christiaan , Tudor Carrie , Mulatu Fiseha , Conradie Gidea , Chaisson Richard E. , Golub Jonathan E. , Churchyard Gavin , Bedru Ahmed , Kerrigan Deanna
Published: September 2024

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) is a long-standing recommendation for children exposed to TB but remains poorly implemented. Home-based contact management may increase access and coverage of TPT among children exposed to TB in their households.

Methods

Sixty in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants including program managers, TB providers (known as TB focal persons), health extension workers and caregivers whose children had recently engaged with TB prevention services in Oromia, Ethiopia in 2021 to understand the barriers and facilitators to providing home-based TB prevention services for children aged < 15 years. Thematic content analysis was conducted including systematically coding each interview.

Results

Home-based services were considered a family-centered intervention, addressing the time and financial constraints of clients. Stakeholders proposed a task-shared intervention between health extension workers and facility-based TB focal persons. They recommended that TB services be integrated into other home-based services, including HIV, nutrition, and vaccination services to reduce workload on the already overstretched health extension workers. Community awareness was considered essential to improve acceptability of home-based services and TPT in general among community members.

Conclusions

Decentralization of TPT should be supported by task-sharing initiation and follow up between health extension workers and facility-based TB focal persons and integration of home-based services. Active community engagement through several existing mechanisms can help improve acceptability for both home-based interventions and TPT promotion overall for children.

Trial registration

The results presented here were from formative research related to the CHIP-TB Trial (Identifier NCT04369326) registered on April 30, 2020. This qualitative study was separately registered at NCT04494516 on 27 July 2020.
Mosquito dynamics and their drivers in peri-urban Antananarivo, Madagascar: insights from a longitudinal multi-host single-site survey
Authors: Tantely Michaël Luciano , Guis Hélène , Raharinirina Manou Rominah , Ambinintsoa Maminirina Fidelis , Randriananjantenaina Iavonirina , Velonirina Haja Johnson , Revillion Christophe , Herbreteau Vincent , Tran Annelise , Girod Romain
Published: September 2024

Background

Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar, is experiencing a steady increase in population growth. Due to the abundance of mosquito vectors in this locality, the population exposed to mosquito-borne diseases is therefore also increasing, as is the risk of epidemic episodes. The aim of the present study was to assess, in a resource-limited setting, the information on mosquito population dynamics and disease transmission risk that can be provided through a longitudinal entomological study carried out in a multi-host single site.

Methods

Mosquitoes were collected every 15 days over 16 months (from January 2017 to April 2018) using six CDC-light traps in a peri-urban area of Antananarivo. Multivariable generalised linear models were developed using indoor and outdoor densities of the predominant mosquito species as response variables and moon illumination, environmental data and climatic data as the explanatory variables.

Results

Overall, 46,737 mosquitoes belonging to at least 20 species were collected, of which Culex antennatus (68.9%), Culex quinquefasciatus (19.8%), Culex poicilipes (3.7%) and Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (2.3%) were the most abundant species. Mosquito densities were observed to be driven by moon illumination and climatic factors interacting at different lag periods. The outdoor models demonstrated biweekly and seasonal patterns of mosquito densities, while the indoor models demonstrated only a seasonal pattern.

Conclusions

An important diversity of mosquitoes exists in the peri-urban area of Antananarivo. Some well-known vector species, such as Cx. antennatus, a major vector of West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift-Valley fever virus (RVFV), Cx. quinquefasciatus, a major vector of WNV, Cx. poicilipes, a candidate vector of RVFV and An. gambiae sensu lato, a major vector of Plasmodium spp., are abundant. Importantly, these four mosquito species are present all year round, even though their abundance declines during the cold dry season, with the exception of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The main drivers of their abundance were found to be temperature, relative humidity and precipitation, as well as—for outdoor abundance only—moon illumination. Identifying these drivers is a first step towards the development of pathogen transmission models (R0 models), which are key to inform public health stakeholders on the periods of most risk for vector-borne diseases.

Graphical Abstract
Identification of diagnostic candidates in Mendelian disorders using an RNA sequencing-centric approach
Authors: Jaramillo Oquendo Carolina , Wai Htoo A. , Rich Wil I. , Bunyan David J. , Thomas N. Simon , Hunt David , Lord Jenny , Douglas Andrew G. L. , Baralle Diana
Published: September 2024

Background

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is increasingly being used as a complementary tool to DNA sequencing in diagnostics where DNA analysis has been uninformative. RNA-seq enables the identification of aberrant splicing and aberrant gene expression, improving the interpretation of variants of unknown significance (VUSs), and provides the opportunity to scan the transcriptome for aberrant splicing and expression in relevant genes that may be the cause of a patient’s phenotype. This work aims to investigate the feasibility of generating new diagnostic candidates in patients without a previously reported VUS using an RNA-seq-centric approach.

Methods

We systematically assessed the transcriptomic profiles of 86 patients with suspected Mendelian disorders, 38 of whom had no candidate sequence variant, using RNA from blood samples. Each VUS was visually inspected to search for splicing abnormalities. Once aberrant splicing was identified in cases with VUS, multiple open-source alternative splicing tools were used to investigate if they would identify what was observed in IGV. Expression outliers were detected using OUTRIDER. Diagnoses in cases without a VUS were explored using two separate strategies.

Results

RNA-seq allowed us to assess 71% of VUSs, detecting aberrant splicing in 14/48 patients with a VUS. We identified four new diagnoses by detecting novel aberrant splicing events in patients with no candidate sequence variants from prior DNA testing (n = 32) or where the candidate VUS did not affect splicing (n = 23). An additional diagnosis was made through the detection of skewed X-inactivation.

Conclusion

This work demonstrates the utility of an RNA-centric approach in identifying novel diagnoses in patients without candidate VUSs. It underscores the utility of blood-based RNA analysis in improving diagnostic yields and highlights optimal approaches for such analyses.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in horses and their caregivers
Authors: Bullone Michela , Bellato Alessandro , Robino Patrizia , Nebbia Patrizia , Morello Sara , Marchis Daniela , Tarducci Alberto , Ru Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat, and pet-associated strains may pose a risk to human health. Equine veterinarians are at high risk of carrying methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), but specific risk factors remain elusive, and few data are available for other personnel involved in the horse industry. The prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors for nasal carriage of MRS in horses and their caregivers were studied in northwestern Italy. Nasal swabs from 110 asymptomatic horses housed at 21 barns and 34 human caregivers were collected. Data on barns, horses, and personnel were acquired through questionnaires. The samples were incubated in selective media, and the bacterial isolates were identified by mass spectrometry. Risk factors were investigated by Poisson regression. MRS were isolated from 33 horses (30%), 11 humans (32.4%) and 3 environmental samples (14.2%). Most isolates were multidrug resistant (MDRS). The prevalence of MRS and MDRS was greater in racehorses and their personnel than in pleasurable and jumping/dressing horses. MRS carriage in caregivers was associated with an increased prevalence of MRS carriage in horses. The frequency of antimicrobial treatments administered in the barn during the last 12 months was a risk factor for MRS carriage in horses [prevalence ratio (PR) 3.97, 95% CI 1.11, 14.13] and caregivers (PR 2.00, 95% CI 1.05, 3.82), whereas a good ventilation index of the horse tabling environment was a protective factor (PR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20, 0.92). Our data reveal relevant interactions occurring between bacterial communities of horses and humans that share the same environment, suggesting that One Health surveillance programs should be implemented.
Access control for trusted data sharing
Authors: Zubair Maria , Sabzevari Maryam , Khatri Vikramajeet , Tarkoma Sasu , Hätönen Kimmo
Published: September 2024

In the envisioned 6G landscape, data sharing is expected to become increasingly prevalent, giving rise to digital marketplaces that foster cooperation among organizations for collecting, sharing, and processing data for analysis. These marketplaces serve as connectors between data producers and consumers, empowering multi-tenancy scenarios for seamless and secure data sharing both within and outside organizations. Given that 6G networks promise ultra-low latency, enhanced connectivity, and massive data throughput, the need for robust data access control mechanisms becomes imperative. These mechanisms ensure security and trust among entities, particularly in multi-tenant environments where multiple organizations share infrastructure and data resources. In this paper, we have designed and implemented a novel access control mechanism tailored for a distributed data streaming system developed by Nokia Bell Labs. Our approach leverages fine-grained policies, dynamic enforcement, and transparency mechanisms to enhance trust between data owners and consumers. By facilitating secure multi-tenancy data sharing, our solution contributes to the seamless exchange of data across diverse entities within the next-generation communication ecosystem. We demonstrate that our proposed access control mechanism incurs minimal overhead while ensuring data confidentiality and integrity. The introduction of such advancements in data sharing markets strengthens the overall ecosystem by providing heightened transparency and enhanced control over data, promoting collaboration and innovation in the 6G era.
Screening the efficacy of platinum-based nanomaterial synthesized from Allium sativum to control plant pathogens
Authors: Kumar Dhanushwr , Soundhararajan Ranjani , Srinivasan Hemalatha
Published: September 2024

Emerging challenge posed by multidrug-resistant Bacillus spp. phytopathogens on agriculture and their commodities exerts pressure on global food security. This mandates the search for other alternatives to existing antibiotics. This study reports a novel method of green synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtHGNM) using aqueous extract of Himalayan garlic (Allium sativum). Physicochemical characterization techniques including UV-visible spectrometry, FT-IR, XRD, DLS, zeta potential, and FESEM-EDAX disclosed the biogenic fabrication of a stable and amorphic nano platinum material. This nanoparticle exhibited high bactericidal efficacy and effectively inhibited biofilm formation by the model plant-borne pathogens used in this study. We estimated the membrane integrity, oxidative enzymes and stress parameters of bacteria to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action of PtHGNM. This research uncovered the potential of biogenic nanoparticles for sustainable plant disease management and paved the way for further analysis of its properties and mechanism of its action.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with Fontan-associated liver disease: a world-first case report
Authors: Ishikawa Takuma , Itoh Shinji , Toshima Takeo , Yoshiya Shohei , Bekki Yuki , Iseda Norifumi , Tsutsui Yuriko , Sakamoto Ichiro , Abe Kotaro , Yoshizumi Tomoharu
Published: September 2024

Background

Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) encompasses hepatic complications following the Fontan procedure, ranging from fibrosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite advancements in surgical techniques and perioperative care, robot-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy (RALH) for HCC in patients with FALD has not been previously reported owing to concerns about the Fontan circulation.

Case presentation

We present the first case of RALH for recurrent HCC in a 45-year-old man after the Fontan procedure. The preoperative evaluation confirmed good cardiac function. The procedure involved meticulous monitoring and management of central venous pressure and was successfully completed with minimal blood loss. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. With thorough preoperative cardiac assessment and close collaboration between cardiologists and anesthesiologists, RALH can be safely performed in selected patients with FALD.

Conclusions

Even if a patient has a history of FALD, RALH can be safely performed in selected patients under appropriate conditions.