bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exact Algorithm for Large-Scale Continuous Nonlinear Resource Allocation Problems with Minimax Regret Objectives
Authors: Park Jungho , El-Amine Hadi , Mutlu Nevin
Published: January 2021

We study a large-scale resource allocation problem with a convex, separable, not necessarily differentiable objective function that includes uncertain parameters falling under an interval uncertainty set, considering a set of deterministic constraints. We devise an exact algorithm to solve the minimax regret formulation of this problem, which is NP-hard, and we show that the proposed Benders-type decomposition algorithm converges to an [Formula: see text]-optimal solution in finite time. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm via an extensive computational study, and our results show that the proposed algorithm provides efficient solutions to large-scale problems, especially when the objective function is differentiable. Although the computation time takes longer for problems with nondifferentiable objective functions as expected, we show that good quality, near-optimal solutions can be achieved in shorter runtimes by using our exact approach. We also develop two heuristic approaches, which are partially based on our exact algorithm, and show that the merit of the proposed exact approach lies in both providing an [Formula: see text]-optimal solution and providing good quality near-optimal solutions by laying the foundation for efficient heuristic approaches.
A Statistical Learning Approach to Personalization in Revenue Management
Authors: Chen Xi , Owen Zachary , Pixton Clark , Simchi-Levi David
Published: January 2021

We consider a logit model-based framework for modeling joint pricing and assortment decisions that take into account customer features. This model provides a significant advantage when one has insufficient data for any one customer and wishes to generalize learning about one customer’s preferences to the population. Under this model, we study the statistical learning task of model fitting from a static store of precollected customer data. This setting, in contrast to the popular learning and earning paradigm, represents the situation many business teams encounter in which their data collection abilities have outstripped their data analysis capabilities. In this learning setting, we establish finite-sample convergence guarantees on the model parameters. The parameter convergence guarantees are then extended to out-of-sample performance guarantees in terms of revenue, in the form of a high-probability bound on the gap between the expected revenue of the best action taken under the estimated parameters and the revenue generated by a decision maker with full knowledge of the choice model. We further discuss practical implications of these bounds. We demonstrate the personalization approach using ticket purchase data from an airline carrier.

This paper was accepted by J. George Shanthikumar, Management Science Special Section on Data-Driven Prescriptive Analytics.
Cheap Talk on Freelance Platforms
Authors: Ke T. Tony , Zhu Yuting
Published: January 2021

We consider a large decentralized freelance platform where buyers with private information about their quality preferences are matched with freelancers that differ in quality. When posting their job requests, buyers can report their quality preferences via cheap talk, which influences freelancers’ application and pricing strategies. By exaggerating one’s quality preference, a buyer attracts not only more applications from freelancers, but also those with higher quality, at the cost of a higher expected price. We find that it is always an equilibrium for the buyers to report their quality preferences truthfully when they cannot renegotiate with freelancers on their asking prices after getting matched. On the other hand, when postmatch renegotiation is allowed and buyers have relatively high bargaining power, low-type buyers may strategically exaggerate their quality preferences, and subsequently after getting matched, costly signal their true type and bargain for lower prices. From a platform design perspective, our analysis implies that the option of renegotiation, designed to facilitate postmatch information transmission, may backfire by giving rise to buyers’ prematch opportunistic behaviors of information distortion.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Turning the Tables in Research and Development Licensing Contracts
Authors: Taneri Niyazi , Crama Pascale
Published: January 2021

Research and development (R&D) collaborations between an innovator and her partner are often undertaken when neither party can bring the product to market individually, which precludes value creation without a joint effort. Yet, the uncertain nature of R&D complicates the monitoring of effort, and the resulting moral hazard reduces a collaboration’s value. Either party can avoid this outcome by acquiring the capability that is missing and then taking sole ownership of the project. That approach involves two types of risks: one related to whether the other party’s capability will be acquired and one related to how well it will be implemented (if acquired). We find that the extent of these two risks determines the optimality of delaying contracting or of signing contracts with buyout and buyback options, a baseball arbitration clause, or a novel reciprocal option. Baseball arbitration and reciprocal option clauses are unique in two ways. First, unlike typical options with predetermined strike prices, they allow either party to determine the buyout price at the time of their offer. Second, they allow the offer’s recipient to “turn the tables” on the other party. Although baseball arbitration and reciprocal option contracts both address inefficient joint development and product allocation, they exhibit their own inefficiencies that stem from the two parties’ strategic behavior. The best choice of contract is determined by trade-offs between these inefficiencies. Our model explores the similarities between the baseball arbitration and reciprocal option clauses, and we propose a modification to the reciprocal option contract that would increase its profitability.

This paper was accepted by Terry Taylor, operations management.
Delegating Innovation Projects with Deadline: Committed vs. Flexible Stopping
Authors: Rahmani Morvarid , Ramachandran Karthik
Published: January 2021

In many contexts such as product design and development, advertising, and scouting for technical solutions, clients seek the expertise of external providers to generate innovative solutions for their business problems. Because innovation projects are beset with uncertainty, they often require multiple iterations of ideation and evaluation. Although some clients make a commitment to take the first feasible solution from the provider, other clients retain the flexibility to seek more solutions until they decide to stop the project. Which of these policies is the better way to delegate an innovation project? To answer this question, we develop game-theoretic models that capture two salient aspects of delegated innovation projects: a deadline for the project and dynamic effort adjustment by the provider. We show that the flexible stopping policy, despite its intuitive appeal, may not always benefit the client. Specifically, the committed stopping policy is optimal when the provider is highly capable of generating solutions and when the client’s cost of evaluating solutions is in an intermediate range. In such situations, the committed stopping policy provides a stronger incentive to the provider to exert costly effort early on, which improves the quality of initial solutions. Considering endogenous payments, we show that the committed policy not only mitigates the provider’s tendency to postpone effort but also does so with a smaller payment.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Risk Management for Sustainable Sovereign Debt Financing
Authors: Zenios Stavros A. , Consiglio Andrea , Athanasopoulou Marialena , Moshammer Edmund , Gavilan Angel , Erce Aitor
Published: January 2021

The sharp increase of sovereign debt internationally, since the 2008 global financial crisis, decisively contributed to several sovereign debt crises. The current COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that public debt remains high globally, have prompted a renewed interest in debt sustainability analysis (DSA) and in policy discussions concerning the most appropriate variables. We develop a normative DSA model to manage tail risk and optimize debt-financing decisions with sustainability conditions on debt stock and flow, under macroeconomic, financial, and fiscal uncertainty. We show that a risk management view alters a government’s debt-financing policy to manage tail risk better. Many uncertain variables confound the problem, and portfolio optimization using stochastic programming on scenario trees provides a versatile and effective tool to achieve sustainable debt dynamics. The model is an essential building block of the European Stability Mechanism framework to assess debt sustainability of eurozone member states, including the repayment capacity of crisis countries under €295bn assistance programs.
One-stage revision is as effective as two-stage revision for chronic culture-negative periprosthetic joint infection after total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: van den Kieboom Janna , Tirumala Venkatsaiakhil , Box Hayden , Oganesyan Ruben , Klemt Christian , Kwon Young-Min
Published: January 2021

Aims

Removal of infected components and culture-directed antibiotics are important for the successful treatment of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, as many as 27% of chronic PJI patients yield negative culture results. Although culture negativity has been thought of as a contraindication to one-stage revision, data supporting this assertion are limited. The aim of our study was to report on the clinical outcomes for one-stage and two-stage exchange arthroplasty performed in patients with chronic culture-negative PJI.

Methods

A total of 105 consecutive patients who underwent revision arthroplasty for chronic culture-negative PJI were retrospectively evaluated. One-stage revision arthroplasty was performed in 30 patients, while 75 patients underwent two-stage exchange, with a minimum of one year's follow-up. Reinfection, re-revision for septic and aseptic reasons, amputation, readmission, mortality, and length of stay were compared between the two treatment strategies.

Results

The patient demographic characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. At a mean follow-up of 4.2 years, the treatment failure for reinfection for one-stage and two-stage revision was five (16.7%) and 15 patients (20.0%) (p = 0.691), and for septic re-revision was four (13.3%) and 11 patients (14.7%) (p = 0.863), respectively. No significant differences were observed between one-stage and two-stage revision for 30- 60- and 90-day readmissions (10.0% vs 8.0%; p = 0.714; 16.7% vs 9.3%; p = 0.325; and 26.7% vs 10.7%; p = 0.074), one-year mortality (3.3% vs 4.0%; p > 0.999), and amputation (3.3% vs 1.3%; p = 0.496).

Conclusion

In this non-randomized study, one-stage revision arthroplasty demonstrated similar outcomes including reinfection, re-revision, and readmission rates for the treatment of chronic culture-negative PJI after TKA and THA compared to two-stage revision. This suggests culture negativity may not be a contraindication to one-stage revision arthroplasty for chronic culture-negative PJI in selected patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):515–521.
Edible speculations: designing everyday oracles for food futures
Authors: Dolejšová Markéta
Published: January 2021

Digital food technologies carry promise for better food futures but they are often problematic in their impact on food cultures. While proponents suggest that food-tech products such as smart kitchenware or diet personalisation services can support efficient food practices, critics highlight various risks. This paper presents our findings from Edible Speculations, a long-term design research project exploring the contested space of food-tech innovation through a series of speculative design (SD) events situated in everyday public contexts. We illustrate the opportunities and limits of eventful SD in supporting critical engagements with food-tech issues through an Edible Speculations case study called the Parlour of Food Futures. Our discussion of selected Parlour events can inform readers interested in food-tech themes as well as those keen on experimenting with eventful approaches to SD research.
Fluctuation-enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in an atom-assisted optomechanical system with atom-cavity interactions
Authors: Dong Yaoyong , Zheng Xuejun , Wang Denglong , Ding Jianwen
Published: January 2021

We examine the effect of cavity field fluctuations on Kerr nonlinearity in an atom-assisted optomechanical system. It is found that a new self-Kerr (SK) nonlinearity term, which can greatly surpass that of a classical Λ type atomic system when the hybrid system has numerous atoms, is generated based on cavity field fluctuations by atom-cavity interactions. A strong photon–phonon cross-Kerr (CK) nonlinearity is also produced based on cavity field fluctuations. These nonlinearity features can be modified by atom-cavity and optomechanical interactions. This work may provide a new method to enhance the SK nonlinearity and generate the photon–phonon CK nonlinearity.
Raman scattering model of the spin noise
Authors: Kozlov G. G. , Fomin A. A. , Petrov M. Yu. , Ryzhov I. I. , Zapasskii V. S.
Published: January 2021

The mechanism of formation of the polarimetric signal observed in the spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) is analyzed from the viewpoint of the light scattering theory. A rigorous calculation of the polarimetric signal (Faraday rotation or ellipticity) recorded in the SNS is presented in the approximation of single scattering. We show that it is most correctly to consider this noise as a result of scattering of the probe light beam by fluctuating susceptibility of the medium. Fluctuations of the gyrotropic (antisymmetric) part of the susceptibility tensor lead to appearance of the typical for the SNS Faraday rotation noise at the Larmor frequency. At the same time, fluctuations of linear anisotropy of the medium (symmetric part of the susceptibility tensor) give rise to the ellipticity noise of the probe beam spectrally localized at the double Larmor frequency. The results of the theoretical analysis well agree with the experimental data on the ellipticity noise in cesium vapor.
High efficiency removal of single point diamond turning marks on aluminum surface by combination of ion beam sputtering and smoothing polishing
Authors: Du Chunyang , Dai Yifan , Guan Chaoliang , Hu Hao
Published: January 2021

Single point diamond turning (SPDT) is highly versatile in fabricating axially symmetric form, non-axially-symmetric form and free form surfaces. However, inevitable microstructure known as turning marks left on the surface have limited the mirror’s optical performance. Based on chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) mechanism, smoothing polishing (SP) process is believed to be an effective method to remove turning marks. However, the removal efficiency is relatively low. In this paper, based on Greenwood-Williamson (GW) theory, the factors that limit removal efficiency of SP are discussed in details. Influences of process parameters (work pressure and rotational speed) are firstly discussed. With further analysis, surface spectral characteristics are identified as the inherent factor affecting further efficiency improvement. According to theoretical analysis, the removal efficiency of isotropic surface is nearly 1.8 times higher than anisotropy surface like surface with turning marks. A high efficiency turning marks removal process combining ion beam sputtering (IBS) and SP is proposed in our research. With removal depth exceeding 100 nm, the isotropic aluminum surface can be constructed by IBS so that the efficiency of SP process can be greatly improved. Though deteriorated by IBS, the surface roughness will be rapidly reduced by SP process. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify our analysis. A 3.7 nm roughness surface without turning marks is achieved by new method while direct SP can only reach roughness of 4.3 nm with evident turning marks. Experimental results show that removal efficiency nearly doubled which matches well with the theoretical analysis. Our research not only can be used as a high efficiency turning marks removal and surface quality improvement method but also can be a new method for high precision aluminum optics fabrication.
Functionalization of freeform curved surfaces by shaped femtosecond laser pulses in the propagation axis
Authors: Wang Andong , Jiang Lan , Li Xiaowei , Huang Ji , Xu Zhijie , Wang Zhipeng , Yao Zhulin
Published: January 2021

With ultrashort pulse durations and ultrahigh peak intensities, ultrafast lasers can create different types of micro/nano-structures to functionalize the processed surface with new properties. However, the applications of this method on freeform surfaces are still limited by the short length of a laser focusing spot and complex control of the 3D moving trajectory in the fabrication process. In this paper, we overcome this problem by shaping the on-axis intensity along the propagation axis using the spatial light modulator. By designing the phase mask, we increased the length of the stable-intensity zone (intensity fluctuation < 10%) by more than 3 times compared to that of an unshaped Bessel beam. The energy deposition was also optimized to be less than 2% fluctuation based on simulations. Using this method, we fabricated micro/nano structures on 3D surfaces at different fluences and demonstrated various properties including colorization, anti-reflection, and hydrophobicity in large height range. We demonstrated the applications of the proposed method in creating hydrophobicity on complex freeform syringe tip surfaces. This improved the minimum manipulatable volume of a liquid droplet to 2 times smaller compared with untreated syringe, thus greatly extending its performance for micro-droplet manipulation. This method offers an alternative approach for reliable and affordable freeform curved-surface processing.
The cultural and social memory of film history online: Norwegian educational films on YouTube
Authors: Hanssen Eirik Frisvold
Published: January 2021

In this article, I identify forms of cultural and social memory, represented by a number of digitized Norwegian educational films on traditional crafts published on the YouTube channel of the National Library of Norway and how the online dissemination of analogue film history might impact notions of memory. This discussion is placed within the context of earlier JSCA articles on film archives.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESOURCE APPROACH IN WASTE MANAGEMENT ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Usikova O. V. , Petrova N. V. , Fedorova A. V.
Published: January 2021

Justification of the rational management of solid municipal waste is an urgent problem for our country. This situation is due to the presence of a large amount of waste generated annually, which, as a rule, is stored uncontrolled in landfills, dumps and is less recyclable. In this regard, the study analyzes the current state of legislation in the field of solid municipal waste management in the Russian Federation, as well as the experience of waste management abroad and highlights its main features. The possibility of using the resource approach is estimated by the example of calculating the cost of waste disposal and recycling, energy utilization technologies. As a result, the propused structure of such on approach which is new and promising for the development of management processes and implementation of recycling need generated by municipal waste. Besides, as a practical management tool, the article offers indicators that should be used as a basis for a methodological approach to calculating the resource potential of solid municipal waste and calculating the tariff for reclamation of disturbed land, which will increase the socio-economic efficiency of waste management.
PRIVATE REAL ESTATE MARKET FACTORS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI: THEIR QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT AND ROLE IN FORMATION OF HOUSING POLICY OF THE REGION
Authors: Shvakov E. E. , Kozhanova D. A.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the system of factors affecting the cost of individual housing, the need to take them into account when implementing a regional housing policy. With the aim of more detailing the results of the study, the system of factors affecting the cost of individual housing is divided into 2 groups: external and internal. Using regression analysis in relation to the urban and suburban territories of the Altai Republic, the most significant factors affecting the cost of initial housing are identified and their quantitative assessment is given. In the development of the study, a comparative assessment of the influence of the identified factors on the cost of individual housing relative to others was carried out. The revealed factors show which individual housing is more preferable for the population of the Altai Republic and what parameters it should meet. Based on the analysis, the main measures to improve the regional housing policy of the Altai Republic in terms of individual housing construction are determined, which ensure that individual housing meets the preferences of the region’s population and is aimed at increasing its availability.
DETERMINATION OF THE STEROL STATE OF GENERATIVE PLANTS OF HEATH SPOTTED-ORCHID (DACTY-LORHIZA MACULATA (L.) SOÓ) (ORCHIDACEAE) BY GC-MS
Authors: Sechin Evgeniy Nikolayevich , Marakaev Oleg Anatolyevich , Gavrilov Gavriil Borisovich
Published: January 2021

For the first time, the phytosterol state of the underground and aboveground organs of the tuberoid species of the orchid Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó (Orchidaceae), which grows in the natural conditions of the Central European part of Russia, was studied using gas chromatography with a mass spectrometric detector. The plant material contains cycloartenol, cycloeukalenol, campesterol, brassicasterin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and ergosterol, which was found in underground organs and belong to mycosymbiont. The ergosterol content in the adventitious roots is five times higher compared to the endings of stem root tuberoids. The phytosterols content of the aboveground organs of D. maculata is more diverse than that of the underground organs. The basic sterol of D. maculata is β-sitosterol (60%), which is present in all organs. Also a high amount was noted for cycloartenol (20%), which is absent in the stem. Cycloeukalenol (7%) was found in inflorescences and leaves, campesterol (2%) in inflorescences, brassicasterin (5%) in the adventitious roots, stigmasterol (5%) in the leaves. Differences in the sterol statuses of organs can be explained by the biochemical characteristics of their tissues and the uneven functional significance of the identified compounds for the growth and development of generative individuals of D. maculata in the budding phase. The results obtained indicate the diversity of phytosterol compounds and their uneven content in various organs of the studied plant object.
EL USO ÉTICO DE LA INFORMACIÓN EN LOS PLANES DE FORMACIÓN EN COMPETENCIAS INFORMACIONALES DE LAS BIBLIOTECAS UNIVERSITARIAS ESPAÑOLAS
Authors: Gonçalves Renata Braz , Cuevas-Cerveró Aurora
Published: January 2021

Presentamos resultados de una investigación que ha tenido como objetivo detectar el uso ético de la información em los planes de formación de las bibliotecas universitarias españolas. Se analiza el uso ético de la información en los planes de formación en competencias informacionales desarrollados por bibliotecas vinculadas a la Red de Bibliotecas Universitarias Españolas (REBIUN). Tomando como referencia la documentación presentada en las páginas institucionales de esas bibliotecas. Identificamos 69 universidades que presentan alguna referencia en su página sobre la realización de actividades de formación de usuarios, y de ellas, 16 disponen de un plan de formación formalizado en documento identificado como tal. Dichos planes constituyen el corpus de análisis de la investigación bajo la perspectiva del análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelan que, pese a que existen planes que contemplan los indicadores para las competencias informacionales relacionadas con la ética de la información, estos todavía son escasos. Además, los planes que lo hacen no siempre logran trabajar todos los indicadores, puesto que ningún indicador ha sido apuntado por todos los planes al mismo tiempo. Estos resultados nos indican la necesidad de discutir esa temática en las bibliotecas universitarias.
Zastosowanie metody vacuum casting do wytwarzania prototypów badawczych polimerowych kół zębatych
Authors: Oliwa R. , Oleksy M. , Heneczkowski M. , Budzik G. , Markowska O. , Przeszłowski Ł.
Published: January 2021

Przeprowadzono badania dotyczące wykorzystania nanokompozytów na osnowie dwuskładnikowych żywic poliuretanowych typu RenPIM-VG 5286 (PUR) z dodatkiem nanonapełniaczy: Nanobent® ZR1 i ZR2, modyfikowanych oktakis(tetrametyloamonio)oktasilseskwioksanem i oktakis{3-[N-(hydroksyetylo)dimetyloamino]propylo}oktasilseskwioksanem w technologii vacuum casting (VC). Zbadano reaktywność kompozycji odlewniczych (czas żelowania i maksymalną temperaturę utwardzania) oraz właściwości tiksotropowe, które mają istotny wpływ na przebieg procesu technologicznego wytwarzania prototypów kół zębatych w matrycach silikonowych. Oznaczono także wpływ rodzaju nanonapełniacza na właściwości użytkowe uzyskanych kompozytów. Wykazano, że dzięki wprowadzeniu układu hybrydowych napełniaczy, uzyskano ograniczenie skurczu promieniowego i osiowego, co dało radykalną poprawę dokładności wymiarowej odlewanych kół zębatych.
Old Age in the Balkans
Authors: Kaser Karl
Published: January 2021

This paper gives an overview of the changing patterns of perceiving old age in the previous one and a half century: from agrarian society, which had been stretching to the middle of the 20th century, to present times. This time span includes approx. four decades of socialism and enforced industrialization in Albania, Bulgaria, Romania and Yugoslavia and serious attempts of industrialization under capitalist circumstances in Greece and Turkey. In each case, industrialization resulted in significant changes of the status of the elderly. The traditional rural pattern was based upon strict obedience to the elderly in young years and increasing honor and respect for both men and women in old age, provided two things were given: one or more sons had been born and were alive and the family, consisting of the old couple, their married son(s) and their children, had remained intact. This also included economic control by the elderly household head and the exclusion of women from inheritance. An institution such as the farmer's life interest (Ausgedinge) that was frequently practiced in West and Central Europe was unknown in the Balkans. Industrialization had a significant impact on generational relations because it was connected with urbanization, internal and external migrations, obligatory schooling for young men and women as well as increasing life expectancy. In present times, old age commonly connotes low pensions that hardly contribute to the welfare of the younger generation: the elderly have come to be considered a burden.
The Elderly in Russia
Authors: Krasnova Olga
Published: January 2021

This paper examines different aspects of aging starting from the origins of studying the issue and then exploring it from the point of view of social changes in Russia in the late 1980s and early 1990s, that led to a qualitative change in the cohorts of older people. Therefore, the social assistance that was designed for the elderly twenty to thirty years ago is not relevant today, moreover, it is not adequate to new cohorts of the elderly. All this suggests that many views on “elderly people” should be reconsidered both by scientists and social sphere employees, and that a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of the elderly is needed.
The Dark Past of Family
Authors: Stagl-Skaro Natalia
Published: January 2021

Evil old witches haunt the woods in order to trap and eat little children. In the fairy tale brave Hansel and Gretel had a lucky escape, unlike the young victims of Balkan vampires doomed to obey and spread the evil. The Balkan vampire was usually an elderly fierce paterfamilias violating and murdering younger, preferably female, family members. Werewolves also preferred to prey on younger victims, just as their relations the wizards and witches did. Do superstitions and myths in the Balkans therefore relate to aging? Is it really always the innocent, young and beautiful who are haunted and defiled by ugly old age? How does the often-stated patriarchal organization of Southeast European culture relate to concepts of aging? The paper investigates and follows the monsters' development from folk culture to literature and pop culture. The vampire, for example, evolved from a rough, uncouth villager who, after suffering a violent death, returns at night to prey on his wife and other extended-family members, to a much more violent figure in South Slavic literature - hugely different from the attractive demoniac count of Byron, Polidori or Stoker. This same vampire took quite another shape in the first Yugoslav horror movie Leptirica. The film was so frightening that according to an urban myth a man died of a heart attack during the premiere in 1973. The main focus of interest of this paper lies on Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Slovenia, with some digressions to Eastern Slavic literatures.
Mit Bands auf Tour
Authors: Ramella Anna Lisa
Published: January 2021

Die Digitalisierung von Musik und ihre neuen Verbreitungswege haben die Musikbranche scheinbar grundlegend verändert: Musiker:innen müssen nunmehr ständig auf Tour gehen, um Einnahmen zu erzielen. Doch war das Touren nicht schon immer Bestandteil des Musikberufs, besonders etwa im Genre des Folk-Rock? Anna Lisa Ramella nimmt in ihrer medienethnographischen Untersuchung die Erfahrungen von tourenden Bands wie »Broncho« und »Two Gallants« im Detail in den Blick und begleitet sie mit der Kamera auf Tour. Touren erweist sich als Steady Rollin', das beständig zwischen Bewegung und Stillstellung oszilliert. Diese Praxis der Rhythmisierung kommt gleichermaßen in der ethnographischen Erforschung und Darstellung zur Geltung.
Black Mirror
Authors: Duarte German A.
Published: January 2021

In this essay, German A. Duarte analyzes the way in which Science Fiction became a fertile terrain for philosophical reasoning as well as the way in which this genre became a popular space for the development of concepts able to populate the whole social imaginary by suturing a millenarian rupture in western philosophy. This chapter inquires about the notion of the concept, on the difference between the notions of virtual and possible, and on the way concepts - understood as complex and multidimensional images, - populate the social imaginary via Science Fiction narratives. By analyzing Shelley's Frankenstein; or, e Modern Prometheus (1818) as a foundational oeuvre, this chapter identifies Science Fiction as a clear symptom of an oncoming technological condition, one in which the irruption of electric technology began to exert a force of the externalization of being. Following this framework, this chapter analyses Black Mirror as a remarkable attempt to recover the inaugural spirit of the genre by mapping a series of various current social phenomena that features a post-media condition through an episodic format. It is to say, a human condition determined by the end of technologies as a simple prosthesis of humankind.
Nosedive and the "Like" Dystopia
Authors: Giraldo-Luque Santiago , Carniel Bugs Ricardo , Tejedor Santiago
Published: January 2021

In this chapter, Santiago Giraldo-Luque, Ricardo Carniel Bugs, and Santiago Tejedor suggest that the episode “Nosedive” raises three issues of interest for the fields of sociology and communication. Firstly, the episode represents the fictionalized and caricatured world of a reality that is real and current, but, in accordance with an “enframed” view of the world, goes mostly unrecognized by the users/viewers of the platform. Secondly, it describes the construction and self-reproduction of systemic power, which is fully sophisticated and functional, and is fed by the users/viewers themselves through the use of their devices and the emotional control exerted by the dynamics of social validation. Finally, the episode encourages viewers to reflect on the use of social networks not as spaces for conversation, meetings, or communication, but as stages for a passive, one-way exchange of automatic “likes” for emotional self-complacency. The episode, in the authors' view, prompts an urgent call for interdisciplinary action, specifically to raise awareness towards the fading prominence of communication, the power of screen-based platforms, and the need for a collaborative approach to media literacy and education.
Death in San Junipero
Authors: Tsagdis Georgios
Published: January 2021

This chapter, authored by Georgios Tsagdis, explores the ramifications of potentially digitizing consciousness, thereby preserving memory and subjectivity on the distinctive technological ground which enables and facilitates the utopia named San Junipero, the title of the fourth episode of the third season. This essay re-signifies the Freudian analysis of the reality principle - which establishes an economy of desire and pleasure in the face of death - through Baudrillard's exposition of the articulation of the historical contingency that we call reality. It aims, therefore, to examine the significance of the place and function of death in our understanding and experience of the familiar reality of our human destiny, vis-à-vis a reality that promises to be without death, if not without pain and suffering. Accordingly, this chapter adopts the Platonic project of philosophy as a 'study of death'- as exigent in the post-simulated world as at the dawn of occidental thought.
Der Kampf um die biblischen Fundamente
Authors: Perintfalvi Rita , Fischer Irmtraud
Published: January 2021

Irmtraud Fischer geht in ihrem Beitrag jenen biblischen Texten nach, die von der Anti-Gender-Lobby herangezogen werden, um einerseits die Unterordnung und die damit verbundene »besondere Würde der Frau« biblisch zu begründen und andererseits den behaupteten flächendeckenden Befund der christlichen Heiligen Schrift in der Ablehnung von Homosexualität zu untermauern. Ihre Untersuchungen kommen zum Schluss, dass die biblischen Schöpfungstexte eine egalitäre Geschlechterordnung vertreten.
Scham-Wut-Spiralen
Authors: Scherke Katharina
Published: January 2021

Katharina Scherke widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag der Instrumentalisierung von Emotionen im Rahmen des (Rechts-)Populismus, welche aus emotionssoziologischer Perspektive diskutiert wird. Die hassvolle und wütende Kritik rechtspopulistischer Rhetorik an Gleichstellungspolitik und Gender-Studies wird dabei unter Bezugnahme auf die der Wut mitunter zugrundeliegenden Scham-Mechanismen in den Blick genommen.
A ›Crisis of Whiteness‹ in the ›Heart of Darkness‹
Authors: Lösing Felix
Published: January 2021

The British and American Congo Reform Movement (ca. 1890-1913) has been praised extensively for its ›heroic‹ confrontation of colonial atrocities in the Congo Free State. Its commitment to white supremacy and colonial domination, however, continues to be overlooked, denied, or trivialised. This historical-sociological study argues that racism was the ideological cornerstone and formed the main agenda of this first major human rights campaign of the 20th century. Through a thorough analysis of contemporary sources, Felix Lösing unmasks the colonial and racist formation of the modern human rights discourse and investigates the ›historical work‹ of racism at a crossroads between imperial power and ›white crisis‹.
Die Kunst des Büchermachens: Autorschaft und Materialität der Literatur zwischen 1765 und 1815
Authors: Fuchs Tobias
Published: January 2021

Autorschaft erfordert mehr als das Schreiben eines Textes: Um 1800 wird sie vor allem durch das gedruckte Buch hervorgebracht. In dieser Zeit entwickelt sie sich zu einem sozialen Phänomen, im deutschsprachigen Raum grassiert die »Schriftstellersucht«. Tobias Fuchs untersucht in diesem Kontext die auf das Buchartefakt bezogenen Praktiken des Publizierens zwischen 1765 und 1815. Die Materialität von Literatur betrachtet er dabei in ihren ästhetischen, merkantilen, poetologischen, rechtlichen sowie wissensgeschichtlichen Dimensionen. Der Bogen reicht von Jean Pauls handgeschriebenen Büchern über gedruckte Artefakte bis zur Makulatur.
Gemeinsam für die Zukunft - Fridays For Future und Scientists For Future
Authors: Fopp David , Axelsson Isabelle , Tille Loukina
Published: January 2021

Die ökologische Krise ist für die Aktivist*innen um Greta Thunberg und Fridays for Future ebenso bedrückend wie auch Anlass für ein gemeinsames Gesellschaftsprojekt: Die neue globale Klimabewegung entsteht. Dabei spielen Wissenschaft und Forschung eine zentrale Rolle - die politisch Verantwortlichen werden aufgefordert: »Listen to the Science«. Damit ist nicht nur die Klima- und Umweltwissenschaft gemeint, sondern auch deren Bedeutung für die Ökonomie, Politik, Philosophie und Pädagogik. David Fopp schildert aus der Binnenperspektive als Aktivist und Wissenschaftler die Geschichte des gemeinsamen Kampfes von Fridays for Future und Scientists for Future für eine nachhaltige und gerechte Gesellschaft. Als Gründer der Scientists for Future in Schweden und Ko-Organisator der globalen Week for Future gibt er Einblicke in die Entstehung und Entwicklung dieser Bewegungen und stellt im Austausch mit den jugendlichen Streikenden Perspektiven und Handlungsfelder für eine gemeinsame Zukunft vor.
Im Zwischenraum der beschleunigten Moderne
Authors: Kellermann Robin
Published: January 2021

Wartezeiten bilden ein unliebsames Alltagsphänomen, das uns jenseits seiner negativen Zuschreibung tiefe Einblicke in die Zeitkultur der Moderne gewährt. Anhand einer Archäologie von Architekturen und literarisch-künstlerischen Rezeptionen des Wartens zeigt Robin Kellermann am Beispiel des Eisenbahnverkehrs auf, wie sich Rahmung und Wahrnehmung dieses zeitlichen Zwischenraums im Laufe der Moderne von einem Zustand der würdigen Erwartung und Vorfreude zum Störfaktor der beschleunigten Welt wandelten. Damit erweitert er unser Verständnis der Epoche um ihre vielfach erzeugten Momente des Stillstands und erkundet einen Temporalzustand, der konstitutiv für die Verkehrsentwicklung wurde und trotz aller Auslöschungsversuche untrennbar mit ihr verbunden bleibt.
A Novel Method of Electric Scooter Torque Estimation Using the Space Vector Modulation Control
Authors: Hichem Chergui , Abdelfatah Nasri , Kayisli Korhan
Published: January 2021

In recent years, there are many studies have been conducted in the field of light electric vehicles, especially electric scooters. These are preferred in large urban areas that are crowded with cars and cause traffic congestion in the European and Asian continents. In this study, the three-wheel electric scooter contained two BLDC motors that drove the rear wheels and, each of these motors were controlled independently via an electronic differential. This paper aims to implement a Space Vector Modulation for the Direct Torque Control unit (SVM-DTC) of the BLDC wheel-motor of each driving wheel. The proposed system had been designed and simulated by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The performance of the overall system (scooter stability control system - energy storage system -power quality, etc.) with using SVM-DTC control was compared with the classical Direct Torque Control (DTC) algorithm by using the same electric scooter model. The obtained results showed clearly  the improvement made by the proposed control loop system at different stages, where it could reduce the THD of the stator current from 30.99% to 6.16%,as well as  it was able to achieve more than 0.2% of the charging state of the battery in 18 seconds only.
Lignocellulosic Analysis of Corncob Biomass by Using Non-Thermal Pulsed Electric Field-NaOH Pretreatment
Authors: Putranto Angky Wahyu , Abida Sakinah Hilya , Adrebi Khodijah , Harianti Arta
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the second-generation bioethanol and advanced bio-based material production from biomass are focused on the pretreatment process by separating cellulose components from other components such as lignin and hemicellulose. Therefore, a physicochemical pretreatment method is needed by applying a non-thermal pulsed electric field (PEF) and alkali methods to increase the cellulose availabilities with a short process and low energy input. The aim of this study was to analyze the lignocellulose content of corncob biomass by using non-thermal pulsed electric fields (PEF) and NaOH pretreatment. The pretreatment factors used were the electric field strength of PEF and the pretreatment time. Analysis of the structure and elements of the lignocellulose based on the characteristics of the gravimetric method and SEM-EDX for untreated and treated samples. The results showed that pretreatment of corncobs biomass by using PEF optimally at an electric field strength of 9 kV/cm and pretreatment time of 60 seconds that was increasing cellulose of 40.59% when compared with the control and also decreasing the hemicellulose and lignin content of 12.9% and 2.02%, respectively. Under these conditions, the energy per pulse and specific input energy of PEF required 0.0205 J and 8.72 kJ/L, respectively. The microstructure analysis by using SEM-EDX showed significantly visual differences and was an increase in the percentage of C and O atoms between untreated and treated corncob biomass. Furthermore, the corncob biomass treated by using non-thermal PEF and alkali can become effective and efficient for the next process into cellulose-derived products.Keywords: corncob biomass; pulsed electric field; NaOH; pretreatment; cellulose
Optimisation using Central Composite Design for Adsorption of Virgin Coconut Oil
Authors: Yuliwati Erna - , Nurlailah Nurlailah - , Kharismadewi Dian
Published: January 2021

Development of coconut-based industries in Indonesia has excellent prospects, especially Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as a nutritional supplement for health. In order to produce high quality of VCO, this research developed activated carbon betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) as bio-adsorbent in adsorption process. The composition of bio-adsorbent in chromatographic column has been optimized using central composite design (CCD). Bio-adsorbent were characterised by using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the average poresize of 1.59 μm was calculated using equation. Adsorption isotherm data have been described by Freundlich and Langmuir models and resulted the adsorption equilibrium constant of kf of 80.68 mg g-1and kL of 0.056 L mg-1. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model resulted adsorption rate constant, k of 0.004 g mg-1 min-1 with a good fitting R2 of 0.997. This optimum process condition was achieved on adsorption time of 33 hours, 150 gr of bio-adsorbent and 411.75gr of adsorbed (neat VCO), that produced odorless and colorless VCO, density of 0.91630gr/mL and FFA concentration of 0,0602 %, which. were fulfil the standard of SNI-3741-2013 and APCC.Keywords: CCD, adsorption; fixed bed column; bio-adsorbent; Dendrocalamus asper
Religijność a postawa wobec kary śmierci
Authors: Korczyński Tomasz , Śliwak Jacek
Published: January 2021

Celem prezentowanych w tym artykule analiz było poszukiwanie powiązań pomiędzy religijnością a postawą wobec kary śmierci. Problem badawczy można oddać w pytaniu: Czy istnieje zależność pomiędzy religijnością a postawą wobec kary śmierci? W artykule sformułowano pięć hipotez i w celu ich weryfi kacji zastosowano następujące narzędzia badawcze: Skalę Intensywności Postawy Religijnej – W. Prężyny, Skalę Relacji do Boga – D. Hutsebauta, Skalę Religijności Personalnej – R. Jaworskiego oraz Kwestionariusz Postaw wobec Kary Śmierci – w opracowaniu autorów artykułu. Ogółem przebadano 100 osób, wśród nich było 55 kobiet oraz 45 mężczyzn. Średni wiek wyniósł 31,59 (SD = 9,01). Analiza wyników niniejszej pracy pozwala dosyć jednoznacznie stwierdzić, że istnieją powiązania między analizowanymi zmiennymi, tzn. postawą wobec kary śmierci a religijnością. Pozostałe hipotezy potwierdziły się tylko częściowo. W wielu przypadkach obraz powiązań w podgrupie kobiet był różny niż w podgrupie mężczyzn.
Cumbersome paths to indefiniteness. Evidence from an Old Occitan customary
Authors: Nkollo Mikolaj
Published: January 2021

The central problem of this paper is the evolution of common nouns assumed to have turned into indefinite pronouns. The linguistic data have been retrieved from the Costuma d’Agen, a 13th-century Occitan Customary. The choice of this text is warranted by multiple relations obtaining between the architecture of legal codices and the presence of indefinite expressions. In this text, the contexts in which re (< Lat. acc. rem), ‘anything’ or ‘nothing’ occurs have been identified. This word is shown to be pervasive in Negative Concord (NC; under the scope of no(n), the expression of clausal negation), thereby meeting the requirements imposed upon negative polarity items (NPIs). Outside NC, re appears in conditional protases and temporal clauses introduced by ‘before’. Irrespective of the context in which it appears, Old Occitan re turns out to be fairly advanced on the grammaticalization scale: unlike its etymon, it no longer inflects for number, it does not take determiners and fails to function as a subject in the Costuma d’Agen. Comparative evidence from Gascon 13th century texts proves that, although the descendants of rem of that period occur in the same structural environments (all of them are, by then, free-choice items, FCIs), they do not evolve at the same pace as their Occitan cognate. In other words, even in neighboring linguistic zones, these expressions differ with respect to the degree of persistence of syntactic properties inherent to Latin common nouns. Finally, re is matched against other FCIs, such as hom or home ‘anybody’ or ‘nobody’ and autrui ‘someone else’ or ‘someone else’s’. Compared to re, the medieval developments of these items are far more diversified and retain more original features of their etymons. The difference is traced back to the greater conceptual salience of the animate domain.
Educación Secundaria: Paralelismos entre la Institución Libre de Enseñanza y el Proyecto de Ley de Educación
Authors: Gutiérrez Palomino José Patricio
Published: January 2021

La Institución Libre de Enseñanza quiso redefinir la razón de ser de la segunda enseñanza. Con la llegada de la guerra civil desaparece la Institución y, con ella, todas las innovaciones pedagógicas que se implementaron. La reinstauración de la democracia trae consigo la aprobación de sucesivas leyes educativas que tratan de adaptar el sistema educativo español a cada situación social concreta. El propósito de este ensayo radica en contribuir a definir el ser de la segunda enseñanza en el ámbito educativo español, apoyándonos en los principios pedagógicos que guiaron la labor educativa de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza y tratando de establecer paralelismos con los fundamentos del nuevo proyecto de ley de educación que actualmente se encuentra en tramitación parlamentaria en España.
La circulación de la prensa católica costarricense en los años 1930. Un análisis de Eco Católico
Authors: Quesada Rivera Eugenio
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la circulación del periódico Eco Católico a lo largo de la década de 1930. Se intenta dar respuesta a cuatro problemáticas principales: ¿cómo se organizaba la distribución de sus ejemplares?, ¿cuál era el perfil de los agentes de esta publicación?, ¿dónde se distribuían las copias de este periódico?, ¿por qué se escogían estas comunidades o parroquias? Se concluye que el órgano del clero secular costarricense circuló ampliamente en las parroquias del Valle Central, mientras que en aquellas que se hallaban más alejadas, su venta encontró mayores obstáculos.