bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Seguro Popular on the Progression of Disabilities Among Older Adults With Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Mexico
Authors: van Gameren Edwin , Enciso Níobe
Published: December 2022

In a context of population aging, poverty, and inequalities including in the access to healthcare services, in 2004 Mexico initiated Seguro Popular (SP), a non-contributory health insurance providing coverage for informal sector workers excluded from social security. We analyze the impact of SP on the progression of functional limitations among adults aged over 50 with chronic degenerative diseases previously without stable health insurance. Panel data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) permit a difference-in-difference propensity score matching approach, comparing respondents before (2003) and after (2015) the implementation of SP. Findings suggest that SP affiliation in (or shortly before) 2012 has (weakly) slowed the progression of mobility, IADL, and ADL limitations, with a clearer effect in large urban centers. Reforms in the healthcare sector should address underlying structural barriers, reduce existing inequities, and provide effective access to high-quality services. with increased attention for long-term care needs, to guarantee healthy aging.
Constructing Childhood in Social Interaction: How Parents Assert Epistemic Primacy over Their Children
Authors: Liu Ruey-Ying
Published: December 2022

While people are generally considered as having primary rights to know and describe themselves, in parent–child interaction, young children are not always treated as having primary access to and sole authority over matters within their own domain. Drawing on naturally occurring parent–child interactional data, this conversation analytic study shows how parents claim epistemic primacy over young children with respect to matters that, based on norms of adult interaction, should be unequivocally presupposed within children's primary epistemic domain. Two forms of evidence are provided: (1) parents confirm or disconfirm children's asserted claims about their own sensations, thoughts, or experiences; and (2) parents use test questions to request information within children's domain and then evaluate their answers as correct or incorrect. These practices indicate an orientation to young children's reduced rights to claim epistemic autonomy. I argue that this is one way through which childhood is constructed in social interaction.
Study of metabolic syndrome indicators in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Pakistani population
Authors: Ahmad Hajra , Ahmed Zaheer , Kashif Seemin , Liaqat Saba , Afreen Asma
Published: December 2022

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) being a biological abnormality confers the highest risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Aim

To assess MetS indicators in the newly diagnosed T2DM Pakistani population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study ( N = 123) with newly diagnosed T2DM patients (gender: both, MeanAge: 49.24 ± 6.84 years) was selected from Medical OPD, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Basic profile, family history, and physical activity were recorded through a predesigned questionnaire, dietary intake through seven days Food Diary and Food Frequency Questionnaire. Blood pressure and selected clinical signs and symptoms were recorded. Anthropometric measurements included mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-and-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and conicity index. Lab parameters included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels, and lipid profile. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was computed to assess insulin resistance.

Results

Almost all parameters related to MetS were higher than normal. The prevalence of MetS was 59.7%. BMI, MUAC, and WHtR were independently associated with HOMA-IR, but WC, WHR, and the conicity index had no relationship MetS indicators.

Conclusion

The prevalence rate of MetS was found to be 59.7% in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. MUAC was found to be a better parameter for the diagnosis of central obesity and insulin resistance in the selected population.
Risks and benefits of psilocybin use in people with bipolar disorder: An international web-based survey on experiences of ‘magic mushroom’ consumption
Authors: Morton Emma , Sakai Kimberly , Ashtari Amir , Pleet Mollie , Michalak Erin E , Woolley Josh
Published: December 2022

Background:

Psilocybin, the primary psychoactive component of psychedelic ‘magic mushrooms’, may have potential for treating depressive symptoms, and consequent applications for bipolar disorder (BD). Knowledge of the risks and benefits of psilocybin in BD is limited to case studies.

Aim:

To support the design of clinical trials, we surveyed experiences of psilocybin use in people with BD.

Methods:

An international web-based survey was used to explore experiences of psilocybin use in people with a self-reported diagnosis of BD. Quantitative findings were summarised using descriptive statistics. Qualitative content analysis was used to investigate free-text responses, with a focus on positive experiences of psilocybin use.

Results:

A total of 541 people completed the survey (46.4% female, mean 34.1 years old). One-third (32.2%; n = 174) of respondents described new/increasing symptoms after psilocybin trips, prominently manic symptoms, difficulties sleeping and anxiety. No differences in rates of adverse events overall were observed between individuals with BD I compared to BD II. Use of emergency medical services was rare ( n = 18; 3.3%), and respondents (even those who experienced adverse effects) indicated that psilocybin use was more helpful than harmful. Quantitative findings elaborated on perceived benefits, as well as the potential for psilocybin trips to contain both positively and negatively received elements.

Conclusions:

The subjective benefits of psilocybin use for mental health symptoms reported by survey participants encourage further investigation of psilocybin-based treatments for BD. Clinical trials should incorporate careful monitoring of symptoms, as data suggest that BD symptoms may emerge or intensify following psilocybin use.
Progranulin released from microglial lysosomes reduces neuronal ferroptosis after cerebral ischemia in mice
Authors: Chen Tingting , Shi Rubing , Suo Qian , Wu Shengju , Liu Chang , Huang Shuxian , Haroon Khan , Liu Ze , He Yuyan , Tian Heng-Li , Wang Yongting , Tang Yaohui , Yang Guo-Yuan , Zhang Zhijun
Published: December 2022

The cellular redox state is essential for inhibiting ferroptosis. Progranulin (PGRN) plays an important role in maintaining the cellular redox state after ischemic brain injury. However, the effect of PGRN on ferroptosis and its underlying mechanism after cerebral ischemia remains unclear. This study assesses whether PGRN affects ferroptosis and explores its mechanism of action on ferroptosis after cerebral ischemia. We found endogenous PGRN expression in microglia increased on day 3 after ischemia. In addition, PGRN agonists chloroquine and trehalose upregulated PGRN expression, reduced brain infarct volume, and improved neurobehavioral outcomes after cerebral ischemia compared to controls ( p < 0.05). Moreover, PGRN upregulation attenuated ferroptosis by decreasing malondialdehyde and increasing Gpx4, Nrf2, and Slc7a11 expression and glutathione content ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, chloroquine induced microglial lysosome PGRN release, which was associated with increased neuron survival. Our results indicate that PGRN derived from microglial lysosomes effectively inhibits ferroptosis during ischemic brain injury, identifying it as a promising target for ischemic stroke therapy.
Effects of intracoronary low-dose prourokinase administration on ST-segment elevation in patients with myocardial infarction and a high thrombus burden: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cao Mingkun , Wang Zhiyong , Meng Xiujie , Xu Zhiru , Gao Jiangfeng , Zhu Wangliang , Yu Suhua , Zhang Haijun
Published: December 2022

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose prourokinase (pro-UK) administration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients with a high thrombus burden.

Methods

A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, China. Patients with STEMI and a high thrombus burden who underwent thrombus aspiration and primary PCI were randomly allocated to pro-UK administration or control groups. The primary endpoint was corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (CTFC).

Results

There were no significant differences in the baseline demographics or clinical characteristics of the two groups. The CTFC, tissue myocardial perfusion grade, ST-segment resolution, and myocardial blush grade of the pro-UK group were significantly better than those of the control group. In addition, after 30 days of follow-up, the pro-UK group had better cardiac function and perfusion than the control group. There were no differences in the clinical outcomes or incidence of hemorrhage.

Conclusions

Intracoronary low-dose pro-UK improves myocardial perfusion and cardiac function in patients with a high thrombus burden. Major hemorrhages still occur in patients administered pro-UK, but are no more frequent. Study registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900022290).
Royally Enticing, Royally Forgetting: The Contribution of Psalm 45 within Its Canonical Context
Authors: Cornell Collin
Published: December 2022

What is the contribution of Psalm 45 within its canonical context? What is Psalm 45 doing in, and what is it doing for, the First Korahite Collection (Pss. 42–49)? These are the questions this article engages. In common with scholarship on the “shape and shaping” of the Psalter, the article seeks a form of coherency across the First Korahite Collection. But instead of framing such coherency in terms of a unified drama or running characters, the article takes a rhetorical approach; it attends to imperative verbs as well as to each psalm’s metareferences (i.e., self-descriptions). On the basis of these features as well as the psalm superscriptions, this article suggests that the First Korahite Collection exhibits a sustained pedagogical interest and summons its readers to practice memory-work. Psalm 45 encourages the receipt of instruction through its desirable kingly persona and, uniquely in the Collection, it calls for the negative counterpart of remembering, that is, forgetting.
Effect of artificial aging on 3-point bending behavior of glass fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Kosedag Ertan
Published: December 2022

This study looked into how artificial aging affected the mechanical behavior of composites made of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). In this context, GFRP composites were produced by vacuum infusion method and artificially aged in the aging cabinet. Three different composite specimen types were tested. These are unaged samples aged 750 h and aged 1500 h. Three-point bending tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties. The absorbed energies of the samples were determined and the maximum bending stresses were calculated. The maximum contact force and sample displacements were also determined. In addition, the damage areas of the samples were examined optically and the changes that occurred with the aging time were determined. Finally, SEM images were taken to observe the changes in the internal structure of the aging and non-aging samples. According to results, as the sample aged, a decrease was observed in the energy values absorbed by the composite samples. In addition, as the aging time increased, it was determined that there was a spread in the damage area and more visible fiber breaks occurred. The increase in the aging time caused a decrease in the stiffness of the composite specimen, worsened its mechanical properties, and increased matrix damage.
Dynamic stress characteristics and fatigue life analysis of a slanted axial-flow pump
Authors: Yang Fan , Jiang Dongjin , Hu Wenzhu , Nasr Ahmed , Liu Chao , Xie Rongsheng
Published: December 2022

The shaft of the slanted axial-flow pump device is inclined, so, the stress on the impeller is complex, which leads to the prominent problem of structural reliability. In order to study the mechanical characteristics and fatigue life of the slanted axial-flow pump, the stress-strain characteristics and variation law of impeller under different flow rate conditions are analyzed by fluid-structure interaction method, at the same time, the stress-strain characteristics of impellers with geometrically similar and five different structural sizes when nD value is equal are solved, finally, the fatigue analysis of blades is carried out based on Miner’s linear fatigue cumulative damage theory to predict the fatigue life of impellers. The results show that under different flow rate conditions, the maximum equivalent stress of the impeller blade is concentrated at the blade root and gradually attenuates to the blade flange. The maximum deformation of the blade is located at the blade rim and moves from the inlet side to the outlet side with the increase of flow rate. When the nD value is constant, the maximum equivalent stress and maximum deformation displacement of the blade increase with the increase of the impeller size. Under various flow rate conditions, the service life of the impeller reaches 108, and the safety factor of each part of the blade is greater than 15, when operating within the working condition range of 0.8 Qbep∼1.2 Qbep, the impeller can operate continuously for 14 years without fatigue damage.
Analysis and prediction of abrasion wear properties of glass–epoxy composites filled with eggshell powder
Authors: Ray Subhrajit , Pati Pravat Ranjan , Gupta Gaurav , Nayak Sandip Kumar
Published: December 2022

Eggshell is a by-product of the poultry industry and a common kitchen waste. Being rich in calcium, it can be used as a potential reinforcing agent for fabricating wear-resistant polymer composites. The present research uses the conventional hand-lay-up technique to fabricate hybrid glass-epoxy composites consisting of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% of eggshell powder, respectively. The prepared composites are characterized by their physical and mechanical properties. Dry-sliding wear trials on the composite samples are conducted as per Taguchi's L25 design following ASTM G99 05. The results revealed that while the density and volume fraction of voids and resistance to wear of the glass-epoxy composites increase with the eggshell content, the mechanical strength values decrease. The analysis of wear test results concluded that the control factors like filler content and sliding velocity significantly affect the wear rate, but the effect of abrasion distance and normal load is very marginal. Based on the experimental outcomes, a predictive model working on fuzzy logic is implemented to predict the specific wear rate (SWR) of the composites at a wide range of significant control factors within the test domain. It is observed that the SWR increases with sliding velocity and decreases with filler content. The analysis resulted in the optimal factor setting as sliding velocity 30 cm/s, abrasion distance 300 m, normal load 5 N, and eggshell content 20 wt.%, which are responsible for the minimum wear. Further, the mechanisms of wear loss have been studied using a scanning electron microscope.
Are library staff autonomous? The influence of routines and the development of workarounds
Authors: Freeburg Darin , Klein Katie
Published: December 2022

As knowledge workers, library staff are assumed to be highly autonomous, meaning that they are in control of how work is done. Yet, this work is heavily influenced by the expectations of others, and the expectation to take control can pressure staff to overwork. In this qualitative study, 13 public library staff members engaged in think-alouds (TAs) and semi-structured interviews (SSIs) aimed at uncovering potential misalignments between a staff member’s own prescriptive expectations for library work and the expectations of management, customers, colleagues, and technological and material artifacts. Findings suggest that public library staff have several expectations for how work will be done and, at times, want the freedom to control work in ways that match these expectations. They devise and implement defiance workarounds aimed at reinforcing their own expectations in the face of conflicting expectations from other system actors. Yet, autonomy is a multifaceted concept that goes beyond the mere need for control and, sometimes, giving up control meant that other needs were fulfilled. This study advances research on the nature of workplace autonomy and the active role of workers in its expression. This study also has implications for library management, as it suggests important considerations for shared autonomy and workplace relationships, as well as the need to engage in efforts aimed at shifting problematic expectations in the library work system.
Intention of health experts to counter health misinformation in social media: Effects of perceived threat to online users, correction efficacy, and self-affirmation
Authors: Chen Liang , Tang Hongjie
Published: December 2022

Our study analyzes the intention of Chinese health experts (health professionals and medical students) to correct health misinformation in social media. In an experimental 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design ( n = 415), we manipulated the experts’ perception of the threat that health misinformation poses for online users, their self-efficacy with respect to correcting misinformation, and their self-affirmation. To select the potential influence factors, we draw on self-affirmation theory and the extended parallel process model. Results of our experiment revealed that correction intention increases if experts perceive the threat for online users as severe, believe that they are capable of countering the impact of misinformation, and have a high motivation to maintain a positive self-image of caring for others. We discuss the consequences of our findings for motivating experts to help reduce the adverse effects of health misinformation in social media.
Capital Structure Study: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Sisodia Anjali , Maheshwari G. C.
Published: December 2022

The capital structure study is extant and wide. It touches every sector of the economy with its extreme relevance. Its importance cannot be restricted to empirical analysis and financial data study rather on knowing its significance an attempt has been made to highlight its features, the areas covered the countries in which studies are undertaken, its relation with determinants and its evolution from the year 2010 to 2021 in the form of review analysis. In short, this article showcases the review comprising bibliometric analysis followed by selected papers systematic review on capital structure.
Rural Small and Medium Enterprises: Maximising the Value of Benefit Corporation Certification
Authors: Borden D. Scott , Mead Taryn
Published: December 2022

This article examines challenges and opportunities some rural small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face in maximising the value of Certified Benefit Corporation status. Eight case studies provide insights into the disadvantages of becoming, and maintaining, certification, and opportunities for leveraging its full value specific to the unique needs of these types of firms. Triangulation of three repetitions of interviews with owners and employees (n = 22) over two years, publicly available web-based sources (e.g., websites and brochures), and project documents for each case were analysed. No case study could report direct financial gains from their certification. Additionally, they reported limitations to obtaining, and maintaining, the certification, unique to rural SMEs, suggesting larger and urban firms have a competitive advantage in utilising this certification. Instead, they identified hiring and retaining quality employees, a greater sense of purpose and drive, and increased trust with other local businesses as added value. The article concludes with insights for increasing the likelihood of maximising value for other similar firms and opportunities for third-party certifying bodies to better support rural SMEs in maximising the value of this certification.
Improving Attachment Security in Early Childhood Intervention: A Framework From Constructivist Grounded Theory
Authors: Alexander Stacey Lynne , Frederico Margarita , Long Maureen
Published: December 2022

This study explored how early childhood intervention (ECI) professionals could support the development of secure attachment in children with developmental delay or disability (DD) within the context of ECI in Australia. Secure parent–child attachment is conducive to the aims of ECI to enhance the development, well-being, and participation of children with DD. Constructivist grounded theory methodology was applied to collect and analyze data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with three parents and 18 professionals. Seven conceptual categories were selected: (a) Importance; (b) Challenges; (c) The System; (d) The Key Worker; (e) Assessment; (f) Strategies; and (g) Outcomes. Two dominant themes were identified: the quality of the relationship between the ECI professional and the family and self-regulation. An attachment-focused ECI framework is proposed, aligned with the ecological system model.
What Is It Like to Experience the Other in an Online Interview? Using Phenomenology to Explore the Online Encounter of the Other
Authors: Hyde Brendan , Rouse Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

Using a phenomenology of practice, we explore what it is like to experience the other in an online interview using van Manen’s notion of “insight cultivators” as sources for thematic insights in relation to an interview we conducted in a recent project. Specifically, we draw on Don Ihde’s concept of embodiment relations incorporating technology, Emmanuel Levinas’ notion of “the face,” and Jean-Luc Marion’s idea of “the look.” We conclude that online interviews can enhance human encounters and advocate for using these even when in-person events are possible because of the opportunities that are presented by such communication platforms.
Properties of insect protein concentrate and potential application in seasoned rice noodles
Authors: Thongkaew Chutima , Singthong Jittra , Klangsinsirikul Sukanya
Published: December 2022

In this study, we extracted proteins from four edible insect species ( Acheta domesticus, Gryllus bimaculatus, Holotrichea sp., and Gryllotalpa orientalis), then evaluated their chemical and functional properties and used the extracts to prepare seasoned rice noodles. The four insect species contained 67–69% moisture, 13–18% protein, 6–10% fat, and 4–5% ash. The insect protein concentrate (IPC) contained 73–77% protein, and had high water solubility and emulsion stability (80–88%), moderate emulsion ability (56–65%), but low water- and oil-holding capacity (19% and 8–9%, respectively). The distinctive amino acid components in the IPC were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. In order to improve the nutritional and textural qualities of seasoned rice noodles, the IPC was added at rates of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% by weight of rice flour. The results showed that the cooking weight was not significantly different from plain rice noodles; however, the 8% IPC fortified rice noodles had the highest tensile strength, whereas the lightness, yellowness, and redness decreased with an increase in insect protein content. This study demonstrates success in using 2–8% of IPC in rice noodles as a stabilizing or thickening agent.
Parthenon—a performance portable block-structured adaptive mesh refinement framework
Authors: Grete Philipp , Dolence Joshua C , Miller Jonah M , Brown Joshua , Ryan Ben , Gaspar Andrew , Glines Forrest , Swaminarayan Sriram , Lippuner Jonas , Solomon Clell J , Shipman Galen , Junghans Christoph , Holladay Daniel , Stone James M , Roberts Luke F
Published: December 2022

On the path to exascale the landscape of computer device architectures and corresponding programming models has become much more diverse. While various low-level performance portable programming models are available, support at the application level lacks behind. To address this issue, we present the performance portable block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) framework Parthenon, derived from the well-tested and widely used Athena++ astrophysical magnetohydrodynamics code, but generalized to serve as the foundation for a variety of downstream multi-physics codes. Parthenon adopts the Kokkos programming model, and provides various levels of abstractions from multidimensional variables, to packages defining and separating components, to launching of parallel compute kernels. Parthenon allocates all data in device memory to reduce data movement, supports the logical packing of variables and mesh blocks to reduce kernel launch overhead, and employs one-sided, asynchronous MPI calls to reduce communication overhead in multi-node simulations. Using a hydrodynamics miniapp, we demonstrate weak and strong scaling on various architectures including AMD and NVIDIA GPUs, Intel and AMD x86 CPUs, IBM Power9 CPUs, as well as Fujitsu A64FX CPUs. At the largest scale on Frontier (the first TOP500 exascale machine), the miniapp reaches a total of 1.7 × 1013 zone-cycles/s on 9216 nodes (73,728 logical GPUs) at [Formula: see text] weak scaling parallel efficiency (starting from a single node). In combination with being an open, collaborative project, this makes Parthenon an ideal framework to target exascale simulations in which the downstream developers can focus on their specific application rather than on the complexity of handling massively-parallel, device-accelerated AMR.
Food Safety in Sub-Sahara Africa, An insight into Ghana and Nigeria
Authors: Christiana Cudjoe Dapuliga , Balali Gadafi Iddrisu , Titus Okareh Oladapo , Osafo Richard , Taufiq Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Food safety is a global concern in today’s world, and harnessing food safety in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially Nigeria and Ghana are momentous. This review presents an insight into the situation of food safety in Nigeria and Ghana. Using a desktop review technique, research papers were evaluated to find major sources of food safety concerns. It was revealed that many studies reported on food contamination at the consumption level whereas few reported on the healthiness of the production chain. Improper handling of food at the local markets, vending sites hygiene practices of food vendors, and bad transportation and packing systems have all been implicated. Inadequate education is a major cause of food contamination, especially at the consumption level. Again, etiologic agents responsible for food-borne illness in Ghana and Nigeria range from viruses, fungi, parasites, and protozoans to bacteria. They include rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, Lassa fever (LHF), human noroviruses (HNoV), Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Taenia solium, Ascaris spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp. Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli. Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae and Listeria monocytogenes. Their toxins are responsible for numerous food contaminants. Some foods are contaminated with chemicals including pesticide residues, lead, mercury, etc. Laws of food safety are not well enforced leading to complications in the food production chain. Rigorous monitoring and evaluation coupled with surveillance and education to harness the situation and detect issues that compromise the right process is a necessity. Finally, intentional enforcement of regulations by regulatory agencies will go a long way to curb food contamination and food-borne illnesses within the region.
reCAPTCHA challenges and the production of the ideal web user
Authors: Pettis Ben T
Published: December 2022

The CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is found throughout many websites. By challenging users to read a line of scrambled letters, identify crosswalks in an image, or some complete another task that is difficult for a computer to do, but comparatively trivial for a human user, a CAPTCHA verifies that the user is an actual human, and not software meant to interact maliciously with the website. This mundane and easily overlooked interface element is an important site where corporate interests and priorities act upon the people who encounter it. CAPTCHAs operate under the assumptions that difference can be detected and that it should be enforced. Because not all humans are able to solve a CAPTCHA, the test additionally enforces a boundary between humans and users. In this article, I analyze the discourses of Google’s reCAPTCHA and argue that this common interface element is a multi-faceted site of production where user labor is extracted every time they solve a reCAPTCHA. The products of this labor are threefold: (1) spam reduction, (2) artificial intelligence and machine learning training data and (3) an ideal of a normative web user. This last product is often overlooked but has wide-reaching implications. Users who solve reCAPTCHAs are producers but simultaneously are produced as users by the reCAPTCHA. The only humans who qualify as ‘authentic’ users are those who can perform this productive labor. Because Google’s reCAPTCHA operates as a site of invisible digital labor, this article works toward making such labor more visible so that users can become more aware of the work they are being asked to perform, and to what ends.
Improvement of the frictional behavior of Al 7075-T6 by ultrasonic-assisted ball burnishing process
Authors: Khosrojerdi Mohammadreza , Razfar Mohammad Reza , Fesharakifard Rasul , Khajehzadeh Mohsen
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, 7000 series aluminum alloys, especially, Al 7075 have found extensive applications especially in aerospace industries. Compared to high-strength steel alloys, Al 7075 has exhibited desirable mechanical properties such as high specific strength. However, their corrosion susceptibility and poor abrasion properties have limited the application of these alloys. Complementary operations such as ultrasonic-assisted ball burnishing have been suggested to overcome these limitations. Therefore, in this study, a newly developed 28 kHz ultrasonic-assisted ball burnishing device was designed and fabricated. Then, the effect of burnishing process was experimentally assessed on surface roughness, surface hardness, grain size, friction coefficient, and wear rate of the workpieces made of Al 7075. The results reveal the greater effectiveness of the ultrasonic-assisted ball burnishing process compared to conventional burnishing processes, in terms of improvements in surface roughness, surface hardness, grain size, frictional behavior, and wear rate. The friction coefficient was declined by 36.09% in the case of ultrasonic-assisted ball burnishing which was remarkably higher than conventional burnishing process with 7.39% reduction.
Ethnography in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis: Both, neither, or something else altogether?
Authors: Rawls Anne W , Lynch Michael
Published: December 2022

This article focuses on various ethnographic procedures and findings in ethnomethodology (EM) and conversation analysis (CA), addressing the question of how EM and CA relate to ethnography. Given the obvious answer that EM includes ethnography, we also argue that CA does as well, though just how EM and CA do so needs to be qualified and specified. Ethnographic procedures have been used in EM for decades, although often in non-standard ways, and currently with some ambivalence. In CA, it is more common to disavow ethnography in favor of recorded and transcribed interactional exchanges. However, we argue that CA often makes use of ethnographic insights drawn from extended study of recordings, while also identifying “ethnographic” inquiries of a sort that take place within the organizational settings studied. Our aim is to identify the place of ethnography within EMCA by taking an inventory of ways “ethnography” has been used, invoked, produced, and/or disavowed in particular studies and to highlight what is distinctive about those various EMCA uses of ethnography in contrast with more conventional ethnography.
The politics and historicity of megalithic places in early South India
Authors: Bauer Andrew M. , Johansen Peter G.
Published: December 2022

This paper considers the intersections of memorialization practices and politics throughout a period of emergent social differentiation during the Neolithic and Iron Age periods in the Deccan region of southern India. Rather than focus on how mortuary architecture and grave assemblages might correlate with the status, rank, or class of the deceased individuals—as has often been suggested—we place emphasis on how mortuary practices and the production of megalithic places contributed to the establishment and maintenance of social collectives among living communities. More specifically, we identify at least two modes of political practice associated with megalithic production in prehistoric South India: one related to the constitution of collectives of labor and shared consumption activities involved in the process of making monuments; and a second related to the material legacy of monuments in constituting cultural and historical places of social affiliation. In making these arguments about the social significance of megalithic places, we also critically consider new materialist and posthumanist theoretical frameworks in archaeology.
The (army) hero with a thousand faces: A discourse-mythological approach to theorising archetypal blending in contemporary advertising
Authors: Kelsey Darren , Yannopoulou Natalia , Whittle Andrea , Heath Teresa , Golossenko Artyom , Soares Ana Maria
Published: December 2022

This manuscript theorises the use of heroism in marketing by analysing selected representations of the army hero in contemporary advertising. Adopting the discourse-mythological approach to analyse Jungian archetypes, we focus on three US advertising campaigns that depict the army hero. Our analysis reveals that representations of the army hero combine traits, symbols, and images of the Magician, Warrior and King archetypes. ‘Archetypal blending’ is theorised in order to understand the mythological complexities of modern heroism, which expands the individually centred Hero’s Journey through references to a collective journey and collective responsibility. This study advances theoretical insights into how advertising blends narratives of heroism and other mythical archetypes to remain meaningful to multiple audiences - balancing the reproduction of conventional views of military heroism with representations that reflect changing societal values.
The burden of TB/HIV co-infection among clients attending DOTs clinic in a tertiary centre in Southwestern, Nigeria: A 5-year retrospective study
Authors: Temitayo-Oboh Abiola Oluwatoyin , Sherif Azees Ayotunde , Ohunene Amin Jamila , Omobuwa Olubukunola
Published: December 2022

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are closely correlated and continue to cause deleterious effects in co-infected patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of TB/HIV co-infection among directly observed treatment short-course (DOTs) clinic clients in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Methods:

The TB register and treatment cards of patients that visited the DOTs centre in Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta between January 2015 and December 2019 were reviewed.

Results:

A total of 726 TB patients’ records were reviewed, among which 186 (22.5%) were co-infected with HIV. TB/HIV co-infection was significantly associated with the ⩽19 years age group 54 (37.2%), females 85 (26.7%), divorced and separated 8 (34.8%), rural residents 18 (34.0%), those who had no formal education 53 (39.8%) and the unemployed 63 (31.7%). Gender and educational status remained significant predictors of TB/HIV co-infection after adjustment for confounding factors.

Discussion:

Gender-sensitive programming and interventions geared towards improving knowledge of TB and HIV using a wide array of approaches should be considered.
Attitudes Toward Migration and Associational Activity: Evidence From Germany
Authors: Bakaki Zorzeta , Böhmelt Tobias , Bove Vincenzo
Published: December 2022

We explore how associational activity—a key aspect of social capital—affects migration attitudes. It is argued that people’s membership in sports clubs and associations likely leads to more negative views on migration. Exploiting the panel structure of the German Longitudinal Election Data, the empirical analysis provides support for our expectations. We also show that individuals’ political orientation moderates the postulated effect. The findings further our understanding of how public opinion on migration is formed and we add to the literature on social capital by highlighting the potentially negative consequences one of its components can have.
A Systematic Review of Validated Measures of U.S.-Based Bystander Intervention-Related Constructs
Authors: Mennicke Annelise , Montanaro Erika , Bowling Jessamyn , Tirunagari Anvi , Williams Madi , Jules Bridget N. , Campbell Sydney , Carlson Hannah , Farris Shayna , McClare Victoria , Kissler Neha , McGonagle Alyssa , Pruneda Phoebe , Haley Gabrielle , McMahon Sarah , Correia Christopher J. , Meehan Erin , Benson J. Kevin , Willard Jessica , Post Abigail , McCabe Sean , Coates C. Austin , Sotiroff Alexa
Published: December 2022

This review aimed to identify U.S.-based, construct-validated measures of bystander intervention. Following PRISMA-P guidelines, electronic databases were searched, and emails were solicited identifying 8,559 articles for title screening. Abstracts and full texts were double screened, resulting in 24 scales meeting inclusion criteria: (a) measured a bystander-related construct in a situation where there was a potential for actual or perceived imminent physical or emotional harm, (b) written in English, and (c) statistically validated on U.S. samples. Most scales addressed the domain of interpersonal violence (67%), with fewer relating to bias/bullying (8.2%), mental health crises (12.5%), and substance use (12.5%). Most scales (71%) assessed the “take action” step of the situational model. The modal construct represented was intent/willingness/likelihood to intervene (50%). The average number of items on a scale was 14, and most (79%) provided Likert-style response options. None of the validated scales assessing behavior first accounted for an opportunity. Sample sizes ranged from 163 to 3,397, with the modal setting from colleges. Overall, samples were young (21.8 years old), White (75%), women (64%), and heterosexual (89%). Results indicate the need to validate additional measures that capture the “interpreting the situation as problematic” step of the situational model. Scales also need to be validated using diverse samples, particularly within the mental health crisis domain. Across all domains, validated measures need to be developed that first account for an opportunity when measuring actual bystander behavior. The information gleaned can be used to assist researchers in selecting measures and guide future measure development.
Risk Factors for First and Recurrent Fractures among Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Atagu Norman , Mihilli Stefani , Nguyen Huong Thao , Wu Alicia , Famure Olusegun , Li Yanhong , Kim S. Joseph
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Kidney transplantation is associated with increased risk of bone fracture. Current literature reports widely variable fracture burden and contains limited data on risk factors for recurrent fractures. Methods: The incidence of all and major osteoporotic fractures (hip, forearm, thoracolumbar, and proximal humerus) were assessed. The risk factors for first and recurrent fractures among 1285 Canadian kidney transplant recipients transplanted between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013 were also identified. Results: The 10-year cumulative incidence of all fractures and major osteoporotic fractures in this population was 27.1% (95% CI: 22.5, 32.4) and 17.8% (95% CI: 13.4, 23.5), respectively. On multivariable analysis, female sex (HR = 1.64 [95% CI: 1.20, 2.26]), history of fracture (HR = 1.54 [95% CI: 1.12, 2.11]), and pretransplant diabetes (HR = 1.85 [95% CI: 1.29, 2.65]) were recipient factors found to increase the risk for any first fracture posttransplant. These risk factors persist in analysis with the time origin 3-months posttransplant, where transplant age (HR = 1.01 [95% CI: 1.00, 1.03]) and increased time on pretransplant dialysis (HR = 1.06 [95% CI: 1.00, 1.12]) also emerge as risk factors for first fracture. On multivariable shared frailty model analysis, increased risk of recurrent fractures was associated with recipient female sex (HR = 1.74 [95% CI: 1.21, 2.51]) and history of diabetes (HR = 1.76 [95% CI: 1.17, 2.66]). Discussion: The results suggested that some risk factors for first fracture may not inform risk of recurrent fractures. As such, fracture risk should be assessed accordingly to optimize long-term care and implement preventive measures.
Topical Turmeric Ointment in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Agharazi Mohsen , Gazerani Sasan , Huntington Mark Kenneth
Published: December 2022

Diabetic foot is a serious complication of diabetes which has significant medical and socioeconomic impacts. Turmeric is a popular Indian spice that has been used for centuries in herbal medicines for the treatment of a variety of ailments such as rheumatism, diabetic ulcers, anorexia, cough and sinusitis. Curcumin is the main ingredient presents in turmeric and responsible for its yellow color. We report here a randomized, placebo-controlled investigation into the effectiveness of topical turmeric ointment in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Seventy-six patients enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups, one of which received topical turmeric ointment and the other received placebo. Preparations were applied twice daily after irrigation of the wound by normal saline and dressed. Image analysis software was used to evaluate photographs of the ulcers and quantify the difference between treatment and placebo groups. Topical turmeric ointment demonstrated statistically significant reduction ( p < .001) in the size of diabetic ulcers at five weeks compared to placebo, independently of fasting blood sugar and HbA1C levels. Turmeric ointment may be an effective treatment for diabetic foot ulcers.
Homelessness in autistic women: Defining the research agenda
Authors: Lockwood Estrin Georgia , Aseervatham Victoria , De Barros Clara M , Chapple Tara , Churchard Alasdair , Harper Monique , Jones Emily JH , Mandy William , Milner Victoria , O’Brien Sarah , Senju Atsushi , Smith Chloe , Smith Jonathan
Published: December 2022

Background:

Current evidence suggests that autistic individuals are at high risk for becoming and remaining in a cycle of homelessness. Key risk factors for homelessness disproportionately affect autistic people; however, we have limited understanding of how to best support autistic individuals accessing services. This gap in the evidence base is particularly acute for autistic women.

Objective:

As a first step to address this gap, we aimed to (1) map gaps in knowledge and practice; (2) identify priority areas for research and (3) develop recommendations for how to implement novel research and practice in this area.

Methods:

We conducted a collaborative workshop with an interdisciplinary group of 26 stakeholders to address our aims. Stakeholders included autistic women with experience of homelessness, researchers, health professionals, NGO representatives, and service providers.

Results and recommendations:

Two research priority areas were identified to map the prevalence and demographics of autistic women experiencing homelessness, and to delineate risk and protective factors for homelessness. Priority areas for improving provision of support included staff training to improve communication, awareness of autism and building trust with service providers, and recommendations for practical provision of support by services.

Conclusions:

Future research is critical to increase our knowledge of the pathways leading to homelessness for autistic women, and barriers to engaging with homelessness and social services. We need to use this knowledge to develop new ways of delivering targeted and inclusive support for autistic women, which could prevent or shorten periods of homelessness.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for thyroid surgery in patients with severe tracheal stenosis
Authors: Zhao Yongjun , Li Zhe , Zhang Li , Dong Jianjun , Xing Chaoyang , Yao Xingzhu , Li Chunshan , Wang Yi , Guan Yulong
Published: December 2022

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is effective for maintaining gas exchange in patients with respiratory failure or severe tracheal stenosis. Perioperative anesthetic management of severe airway obstruction can be associated with ventilation or intubation difficulties. Consequently, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could be an option for treating such patients to avoid potential risks. However, only a limited number of similar cases have been reported. Therefore, we have summarized two cases to provide theoretical and practical references for treating patients with respiratory failure or severe tracheal stenosis using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among Mexican American Women: Exploring Multilevel Sociocultural Moderators
Authors: Curci Sarah G. , Hernández Juan C. , Winstone Laura K. , Perez Marisol , Luecken Linda J.
Published: December 2022

Relative to empirical studies on risk factors, less research has focused on culturally based protective factors that reduce the impact of discrimination on mental health. The current prospective study evaluated two potential moderators of the effect of discrimination on depressive symptoms among Mexican American women: individually held familism values and neighborhood cultural cohesion. Mexican-origin women in the United States ( N = 322; mean age = 27.8 years; 86% born in Mexico) reported on frequency of discrimination, depressive symptoms, familism, and neighborhood cultural cohesion. Independent models evaluated familism and neighborhood cultural cohesion as moderators of the effect of discrimination on subsequent depressive symptoms. More frequent discrimination predicted higher subsequent depressive symptoms. High familism buffered the harmful effect of discrimination on depressive symptoms, such that more frequent discrimination was associated with higher subsequent depressive symptoms only for women who reported average and low familism. Neighborhood cultural cohesion did not buffer the effect of discrimination on depressive symptoms.