bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of lubrication on the design of yield tightened joints
Authors: Monaghan J M
Published: July 2007

This paper presents the results of a series of tests in which high strength fasteners, socket head set screws (SHCS), were tightened to yield as a means of generating maximum clamping force. The tightening tests were performed with the aid of a microprocessor controlled torque wrench and a torque–tension testing rig. Load cells fitted to the test rig provided an accurate measurement of the joint clamp load and the faster thread and underhead torque distribution under a range of lubrication conditions. Measurements were made during tightening to yield, under static load condition after yield tightening, and during loosening. The results obtained established that the lubrication conditions dramatically affect the magnitude of the maximum clamp load achieved on the joint and the torque distribution on the fastener. The results also enabled an estimate to be made of the coefficient of friction on the various mating surfaces during the tightening and loosening of the fastener. It was shown that the design of bolted joints must take account of the influence of friction if the joints are to operate effectively in service.
A finite element analysis of bending stresses induced in external and internal involute spur gears
Authors: Andrews J. D.
Published: July 2007

This paper describes the use of the finite element method for predicting the fillet stress distribution experienced by loaded spur gears. The location of the finite element model boundary and the element mesh density are investigated. Fillet stresses predicted by the finite element model are compared with the results of photoelastic experiments. Both external and internal spur gear tooth forms are considered.
Design optimization using the boundary element method
Authors: Moghaddasi-Tafreshi A , Fenner R T
Published: July 2007

Structural optimization is often confined to sizing simple design variables, such as plate thicknesses and bar cross-sectional areas, while the geometric shapes of components remain largely unchanged. Shape optimization is more complex, changing the shape of the boundary, subject to appropriate constraints. The boundary element method, being a boundary-oriented technique is very appropriate for this purpose. It can overcome a number of the difficulties associated with its main rival, the finite element method. Firstly, because of the continuously changing geometry. the accuracy of the finite element analysis using the initial mesh of elements may become inadequate during the optimization process. Secondly, if during this process, the finite element mesh has to be re-generated, the cost is relatively high. Finally, and most importantly, the sensitivity analysis in the calculation of the derivatives with respect to the design variables may be obtained directly in the boundary element approach rather than by approximate methods such as finite difference schemes. Methods for shape optimal design of two-dimensional elastic structures are formulated, when the objective can be minimum weight design with limiting values of maximum stresses, or the smoothing of stress peaks.
The residual stress and strain solutions of autofrettaged pressure vessels with a cone and cylinder connection
Authors: Liu Y , Shen N J
Published: July 2007

This paper presents analysis and experimental research on an autofrettaged pressure vessel with a cone and cylinder connection. Non-linear loading stresses and strains and the unloading residual stresses and strains are considered. The residual stress and strain fields are obtained by the non-linear axisymmetric boundary element method (BEM). The results of the BEM are verified by means of the finite element method (FEM) program ADINA and compared with autofrettaged high pressure experiments. It is concluded that the calculated residual strains are in reasonable agreement with those determined experimentally.
Local loads on a toroidal shell
Authors: Redekop D , Zhang F
Published: July 2007

In this study the effect of local loads applied on a sectorial toroidal shell (pipe bend) is considered. A linear elastic shell theory solution for local loads is first outlined. The solution corresponds to the case of a shell simply supported at the two ends. Detailed displacement and stress results are then given for a specific shell with loadings centred at three positions; the crown circles, the extrados, and the intrados. These results are compared with results for a corresponding cylindrical shell. The paper concludes with a table summarizing results for characteristic displacements and stresses in a number of shells, covering a wide range of geometric parameters.
Anisotropic stress analysis of inclusion problems using the boundary integral equation method
Authors: Tan C L , Gao Y L , Afagh F F
Published: July 2007

Numerical methods for stress analysis are increasingly being employed in the micromechanics of solids. In this paper, the boundary integral equation (BIE) method for two-dimensional general anisotropic elasticity, based on the quadratic isoparametric element formulation, is extended to treating some inclusion problems. All the cases analysed involved an elliptical zirconia inclusion in an alumina matrix, noting that ZrO2–Al2O3 is an advanced ceramic increasingly used in structural applications. The BIE results are compared with those calculated using Eshelby's equivalent inclusion approach where possible, and excellent agreements between them are obtained. The present work demonstrates the suitability of using this numerical technique for analysing such problems and, in particular, the ease with which it may be used even in the case of general anisotropy.
Interpretation of residual stress distributions in previously loaded cracked beams
Authors: Smith D J , Bourke M A M , Hodgson A P , Webster G A , Webster P J
Published: July 2007

The measurement and prediction of residual stress distributions in a fatigue pre-cracked and a plastically overloaded A533B steel beam are described. The residual stresses were obtained experimentally using the neutron diffraction technique. Finite element analysis was employed to predict the elastic-plastic response and residual stresses introduced after overloading. Comparison of the experimental results have been made with the finite element predictions (for both plane stress and strain conditions) averaged over the same sampling volume used to make the neutron diffraction measurements. It has been found that good agreement is achieved away from the near crack tip region. However, close to the crack tip the measured compressive residual stresses are significantly smaller than predicted. This difference is attributed to the A533B steel exhibiting a Bauschinger effect and yielding at a lower stress after a stress reversal.
Constitutive modelling of the elastic–plastic behaviour of 7050-T7451 aluminium alloy
Authors: Kuruppu M D , Williams J F , Bridgford N , Jones R , Stouffer D C
Published: July 2007

This paper presents an extension of the Ramaswamy, Stouffer, and Laflen unified elastic–viscoplastic theory which uses internal state variables to represent a strain rate insensitive aluminium alloy namely 7050-T7451 alloy. The model constants are evaluated from the results of a uniaxial tensile test, with strain hold at saturation, and a fatigue loop. Strain holds in the saturated region of tensile monotonic curves resulted in significant amounts of stress relaxation. The material response is cyclically stable and reveals a strong Bauschinger effect. There is a significant reduction in the yield stress between the initial yield and the subsequent tensile yield stress observed after a fully reversed fatigue cycle. All of these material characteristics were predicted successfully.
An assessment of frozen stress photoelasticity
Authors: Fessler H
Published: July 2007

The frozen stress technique is compared with other experimental and numerical techniques. The frozen stress technique gives elastic stresses due to steady loading, but is the only experimental technique which can give interior stresses; the others are limited to free surfaces, but can be used to give plastic and creep strains. The requirements for frozen stress work are set out and the types of results which can be obtained are stated.

Finite element analysis is the only real alternative for the interior of components and surfaces which are inaccessible due to the proximity of other components.
Non-linear stress-strain behaviour of unidirectional silicon carbide fibre reinforced aluminium alloy
Authors: Li D S , Wisnom M R
Published: July 2007

Longitudinal tensile tests have been conducted on unidirectional SiC fibre reinforced 6061 aluminium matrix composites in the annealed and as-manufactured conditions. The results are presented in terms of stress-strain curves and tangent modulus-strain relations, which show considerable non-linearity. Corresponding micromechanical finite element modelling is performed including the effects of the manufacturing process on the matrix in-situ properties. The analysis shows that the non-linear behaviour of the composite is caused by the elastic-plastic deformation of the matrix alloy. The matrix fully yields during the cooldown from manufacturing. Residual stress relaxation plays an important role in the stress-strain characteristics of the annealed aluminium matrix composite by introducing some initial elastic deformation. The amount of elastic deformation for the as-manufactured condition is greater because of subsequent age hardening. However, more linear elastic deformation was observed than predicted in the as-manufactured specimens, which is believed to be due to higher precipitation hardening caused by metallurgical effects induced in the manufacturing process.
Experimental and finite element investigation of a local dent on a pressurized pipe
Authors: Ong L S , Soh A K , Ong J H
Published: July 2007

The problem of a local dent on a pressurized pipe is studied in this paper. Two case problems of dent are considered - a plain local dent (a smooth local dent without a surface defect), and a local dent associated with a loss of thickness defect. The strain gauging test and the finite element analysis on the plain local dent showed that the strain distributions in the local dent are different from those of a long and continuous dent. The maximum hoop strain in the local dent is located at the flank of the dent, along the dent axial axis, whereas in the case of the long dent, it is located at the root of the dent. In addition, the peak stress in the local dent is generally lower than that in the long dent. To estimate the stress concentration in the local dent using the analysis for the long dent would be grossly overestimated. The burst pipe tests on 17 dented pipes showed that the pipe failures were generally insensitive to the existence of the local dents. The pipe failures were found to be due to the loss-of-thickness defect. The comparison of results between the burst pipe tests and the plastic collapse formula shows reasonably good agreement.
A model technique for bending strength of tubular joints
Authors: Fessler H , Hassell W , Hyde T H
Published: July 2007

One shape of ‘Y—T’ joint has been die-cast in a tin-lead alloy. Twenty-one models have been tested in in-plane or out-of-plane bending, loading one or both braces. The results are presented non-dimensionally as Ultimate Strength Reduction Ratios (USRR) i.e., as fractions of (simply calculated) bending moments which would have ensured failure of the brace remote from the joint.

The results from the tin-lead models agreed with relevant results from steel models. Parametric equations derived mainly from ‘T’ joint data predict the failure of 90 degree braces well, but underestimate the strength of 45 degree braces in in-plane and out-of-plane bending. Plastic collapse occurs on the compressed side of the braces before tearing on the tension side.
Failure mechanisms in three and four point short beam bending tests of unidirectional glass/epoxy
Authors: Cui W C , Wisnom M R , Jones M
Published: July 2007

Three and four point bending tests are compared both analytically and experimentally. In all the three point bending tests, damage was observed under the loading roller in addition to the interlaminar shear failure, while in the four point bending tests, only interlaminar shear failure was observed. Therefore, this four point bending test is valid for measuring the interlaminar shear strength. From the finite element analysis, it is found that the roller diameter is a critical parameter in determining the stress concentrations in short beam tests. In order to avoid damage under the roller and thus to make the short beam test a valid means for measuring the interlaminar shear strength, the appropriate roller diameters should be chosen. The damage under the loading roller in the three point bending test basically reduces the effective specimen thickness and thus this test underestimates the interlaminar shear strength. The interlaminar shear cracks in the short beam tests were found to be randomly distributed in a region between 30 percent and 70 percent through the thickness from the top surface. This is due to the non-linear shear response which means that the shear stress distribution is more uniform near the middle of the section. Also the maximum value of the shear stress is lower than the maximum value given by beam theory. A non-linear shear correction factor is suggested to account for this effect and for the glass/epoxy composite tested here, the actual interlaminar shear strength is only about 83 percent of the apparent value from classical beam theory. The interlaminar shear crack does not occur at the location of maximum shear stress. This may be because there is insufficient energy to propagate a crack at this location.
Optimum design of composite structures subjected to multiple displacement constraints
Authors: Li W J , Chen J Y
Published: July 2007

The paper presents an effective method for achieving the optimum design of composite structures subjected to multiple displacement constraints. Based on the optimality criterion method and some approximate engineering assumptions, this paper introduces a simplified expression relating the design variables to Lagrange multipliers, which correspond to displacement constraints. Therefore, the optimal design variables are derived from a smaller number of unknown coefficients. Thus the computational efficiency is greatly enhanced. Furthermore, the multilevel optimization technique is adopted. The optimum design variables are obtained in system level optimization. For more detailed design the ply thicknesses of a composite plate are adjusted in component level optimization by using the maximum strain energy criterion. A cantilever composite beam, subjected to strength and multiple displacement constraints, is studied as the illustrative example. The computational results indicate the efficiency of the method.
The ratchetting of a cylinder subjected to internal pressure and alternating axial deformation
Authors: Moreton D N
Published: July 2007

A thin-walled cylinder subjected to a continuous internal pressure and an alternating axial deformation is shown to exhibit ratchetting. This ratchetting manifests itself as a growth in the diameter of the cylinder and a reduction in its wall thickness. For an elastic-perfectly-plastic material the ratchetting rates are established and the boundaries of ratchetting behaviour determined. These ratchetting rates are compared with the results from a simple experiment and other available data. It is noted that the analysis is very sensitive to the yield criterion adopted.
Some aspects of the Iosipescu shear test
Authors: Hognestad G , Hills D A
Published: July 2007

The influence of the notch angle employed in an Iosipescu test is considered. It is shown that (a) choosing a notch angle smaller than 102.6 degrees induces a singular stress state, and (b) offsetting the notch always induces a stress singularity.
Modelling of the deformation behaviour of flake graphite iron under multi-axial cyclic loading
Authors: Wang C H , Brown M W
Published: July 2007

A model based on continuum theory for describing the cyclic deformation behaviour of grey cast iron under multi-axial loading is presented and compared with test results obtained from strain-controlled tension/torsion tests. The unsymmetrical stress-strain response of cast irons under tension and compression is modelled by taking into account the opening and closing of graphite flakes, the bulk stress of cast iron being directly related to the internal stress acting on the steel matrix. Predictions are compared with experimental results obtained from proportional and non-proportional biaxial tests. The method is simple yet able to describe the essential features of the deformation of grey cast iron, and can be easily integrated with existing elasto-plastic constitutive models.
The notched beam in asymmetric four-point bending for brittle material testing
Authors: Fok S L , Smart J
Published: July 2007

A reliable test in which the stress state approximates that of pure shear is necessary in order to establish a valid failure criterion for brittle materials. One of the possible tests, the notched beam in asymmetric four-point bending, has been analysed using the finite element method. The results show that for brittle materials a stress concentration at or near the notch tip will cause the specimens to fail in the original configuration. A modified version of the test has been developed, which involves the enlargement of the notch angle and the rotation of the beam so that it is loaded with the notches lying in the direction of the loads. The new configuration was applied to graphite specimens which showed a distinctive mode of fracture.
The application of neutron diffraction to stress mapping around a blind-hole defect in stressed pipeline steel
Authors: Clapham L , Krause T W , Olsen H , Ma B , Atherton D L , Holden T M
Published: July 2007

Neutron diffraction was used to map the local stress variation surrounding a 13 mm diameter blind-hole defect in a section of pipeline subjected to an applied bending stress. Comparison was made between the experimentally measured results and local stress predictions based on a two-dimensional analytical model as well as on three-dimensional finite element calculations. The two-dimensional analytical model proved to be unsatisfactory, predicting very large local stress variations at the defect edge which were not observed experimentally. Conversely, the three-dimensional model reflected all of the significant trends observed experimentally, although predicted stress levels were lower than the measured values due to limitations with the finite element package.
Modelling an orthopaedic knee prosthesis as a layered elastic system part 2: Finite element analysis
Authors: Whelan M P , Mottershead J E , Edwards P D , Little E G
Published: July 2007

This study deals with the development of a specialized finite element algorithm suitable for a non-linear contact stress analysis of a model of a plastic tibial plateau of a typical unicondylar knee prosthesis. The principle feature of the contact algorithm is the use of Lagrange multiplier methods for the application of displacement constraints to surface Gauss points of a contacting body to prevent mesh overlap. This allows the effective modelling of two- and three-dimensional contact problems, with or without friction, using higher order elements. Through the selection of suitable benchmark tests, the performance and accuracy of the algorithm was assessed prior to the model analysis. Good agreement was obtained between the finite element results for the contact model and existing theoretical and experimental data. It was found that the Hertzian theory failed to accurately predict localized stresses at the contact interface when the indenter was much stiffer than the model.
Contact mechanics analysis of frictional slip of inclusions embedded in dissimilar matrices using the boundary element method
Authors: Park Y H , Becker A A , Fenner R T
Published: July 2007

A contact mechanics approach, based on the implementation of the boundary element method, is used to analyse the stress distribution and frictional slip behaviour around spherical inclusions and cylindrical fibres embedded in infinite dissimilar matrices. A comparison between the boundary element and the corresponding finite element solutions shows good agreement between the two approaches. A range of inclusion/matrix elastic material properties is covered in the analysis together with a mismatch in thermal properties and thermal cooling.
Numerical analysis of stresses at oblique holes in plates subjected to tension and bending
Authors: Tafreshi A , Thorpe T E
Published: July 2007

Stress analysis of a series of thick, wide, flat plates with oblique holes subjected to uniaxial tension and out-of-plane bending has been carried out using the finite element method (FEM), and in some cases the boundary element method (BEM). Different plate thickness-hole diameter ratios, angles of hole obliquity and orientation have been considered to provide stress concentration factors at such holes. The work covers plate thickness-hole diameter ratios from 1.3 to 3.0, hole obliquity angles from 0 to 60° and orientation of the major axis of the surface ellipse relative to the applied load direction of 0 to 90°. The results for uniaxial tension have been compared with those determined using the photoelastic frozen-stress technique in order to verify the finite element models before proceeding to the bending cases, which provide new data.
Stress and strain analysis of plates subjected to transverse wedge impact
Authors: Zhu L
Published: July 2007

For the dynamic inelastic response of structures subjected to impact, most work is concerned with the global response while little information is available about stresses and strains. Further to the work by Zhu and Faulkner (1)† about global response of a rectangular plate struck by a wedge based on an elastoplastic numerical program (2), detailed stress and strain time histories and distributions are presented, both from numerical calculation and from experimental measurement, which provides valuable information for the failure analysis of plates under impact. The correlation between theory and experiment is made and the importance of partnership between experimental and numerical studies is highlighted.
Elastic—plastic finite element analysis of short flat bars with projections part 2: Axial loading
Authors: Hardy S J , Pipelzadeh M K
Published: July 2007

This paper describes the results of a study of the elastic–plastic behaviour of short flat bars with projections subjected to monotonic and cyclic axial loading using finite element analysis. The results are complementary to similar results for (a) shear loading and (b) combined axial and shear loading. Six geometries are considered and elastic–plastic stress and strain data for both local and remote restraints are presented. These geometries and associated restraints result in elastic stress concentration factors in the range 1.69–4.96. A simple bilinear elastic–plastic material model is assumed and the results are normalized with respect to material properties so that they can be applied to geometrically similar components made from other materials which can be represented by the same material models.
Devices for the experimental determination of individual stresses from thermoelastic data
Authors: Stanley P , Dulieu-Smith J M
Published: July 2007

Three forms of bonded ‘gauge’ are described which can be used for the determination of separate stresses on the surface of a stressed body from thermoelastic data only, without recourse to supplementary experimental or computational techniques. The dimensions of the gauge, the gauge material and the form of bonding between the gauge and the stressed body are such that the thermoelastic signal from the gauge, in conjunction with that from the adjacent surface of the stressed body, allows the determination of the surface stresses in the stressed body in two orthogonal directions (e.g. parallel and normal to the ‘length’ direction of the gauge). The use of these gauges for the determination of the magnitudes and directions of the principal strains and stresses on the surface of the stressed body is also described.
Modelling the influence of filler particles on surface geometry in drawn pet film
Authors: Gerlach C F G , Dunne F P E , Jones D P , Mills P D A , Zahlan N
Published: July 2007

The large strain deformation behaviour of particle-filled PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film has been investigated numerically in a parametric study employing the ABAQUS finite element solver. The behaviour of PET has been modelled by Mooney-Rivlin rubber elasticity theory. The results of the parametric study show that small variations in the particle characteristics lead to significant differences in the surface characteristics, which are likely to change the friction and manufacturing properties of the film material.

A simple methodology has been established for relating the particle characteristics to the surface properties. Process design rules have been developed, from which the surface characteristics can be determined from a knowledge of the particle characteristics. Good comparisons have been achieved between surface characteristics obtained numerically and those obtained from the simple design rules.
An assessment of the notch stress-strain conversion rules for short flat bars with projections subjected to axial and shear loading
Authors: Hardy S J , Pipelzadeh M K
Published: July 2007

This paper compares finite element predictions of strain and strain range for short flat bars with projections and values estimated using simple notch stress-strain conversion (NSSC) rules. Results of six geometries, associated with local and remote restraints and under both axial and shear loading conditions, are presented. Also, some previously published experimental and numerical results for other two-dimensional problems are compared with NSSC rule estimates and the findings discussed in association with the findings from the current work.

The comparison has indicated that the choice of the most suitable NSSC rule is both geometry and load dependent. It is suggested that the intermediate rule with an m value of ∼ 0.6 may be more appropriate under extreme conditions of large stress concentration factor (generally associated with local restraints or loading) and high load.
Response and cyclic strain accumulation of pressurized piping elbows under dynamic out-of-plane bending
Authors: Yahiaoui K , Moreton D N , Moffat D G
Published: July 2007

In a previous publication (1),† an experimental programme, involving four carbon and four stainless steel pairs of 2 inch NPS, 90° welding elbows tested under conditions of steady internal pressure and dynamic inputs that induced resonant in-plane bending at frequencies typical of seismic excitations, was described and some results reported. In this contribution, a similar test programme using identical pressurized components under dynamic conditions that induced out-of-plane external moments at similar frequencies is considered. For each material, two thicknesses (extra strong and standard weight specifications) were chosen and for each thickness two bend radius geometries (long and short) were tested. The similarities and differences in instrumentation, response and behaviour between the two programmes are highlighted. While the dynamic responses and the levels of moment achieved were similar for both types of external loads, there was an important difference in strain behaviour. Firstly, the direction of maximum strain was found to be at about 45° between the hoop and axial directions. Secondly, while there was practically no strain accumulation in the axial direction, ratcheting in both hoop and maximum principal strain directions was initiated at about the same level of input. Thirdly, the direction of highest ratcheting was found to be along the hoop direction rather than the direction of maximum principal strain. The cyclic strain accumulation against response moment for each component is assessed and ratios of applied to limit moment at onset of ratcheting are given for each material.
Experimental study of circular flange joints in tubular structures
Authors: Cao J J , Bell A J
Published: July 2007

Four circular bolted joints with blank flanges have been tested under static tension forces. Different tension forces and bolt preloads have been applied to the joints and bolt forces, displacements and stresses in the joints have been measured. The influences of bolt preloads and flange dimensions on the behaviour of the joints have been investigated. The results obtained have been compared with the results from finite element analyses and mathematical analyses and good agreement has been found.
Effects of local departures from nominal dimensions on stresses in thin torispherical end closures
Authors: Tafreshi A , Thorpe T E
Published: July 2007

A detailed survey (1-4)† of the variations in crown curvature, knuckle curvature and thickness of a number of thin torispherical pressure vessel ends has shown that actual dimensions may differ significantly from nominal dimensions.

Numerical stress analysis using the finite element method has been carried out to assess the effects of these shape imperfections on the stresses in some of the thin torispherical pressure vessel ends considered in reference (4). The results have been compared with those for the corresponding perfect ends. In several cases significant increases in stress levels are predicted due to thickness and especially curvature variations.
Three-Dimensional shape optimization approach based on natural design variables and the boundary element method
Authors: Kočandrle P , Koška P
Published: July 2007

This paper deals with shape optimization of three-dimensional elastic bodies. The proposed approach is based on natural design variables and shape functions and utilizes the boundary element method. The design variables are the magnitudes of a set of fictitious loads applied on the structure. Shape optimal design problems based on minimum mean compliance, peak stress minimization and stress constraints are considered. A general method for shape design sensitivity analysis using the material derivative concept and adjoint variable method is used. The sensitivity formula for a general stress constraint imposed over the optimized boundary is derived. Optimal shapes for three-dimensional problems are presented to show numerical applications.
A symmetric linear elastic model for helical wire strands under axisymmetric loads
Authors: Sathikh S , Moorthy M B K , Krishnan M
Published: July 2007

Among several mathematical models for predicting the mechanical response of a helical wire strand to axisymmetric tension and torque derived in the literature over five decades, purely tensile wire linear elastic models have the symmetry of a stiffness matrix. Curiously, in those models where wire bending and torsion terms were included there was a lack of symmetry. In this paper the origin of the lack of symmetry in the earlier models has been identified and a symmetric model developed. The correct generalized strains for this purpose were derived using Wempner's theory and verified using Ramsey's theory. The validity of this model has been verified by comparing its results with that of earlier models and experiments available. This linear elastic symmetric model brings forth the much needed agreement between the global (strand) and the local (wire) responses which should help to simplify considerably the analysis of multi-layer strands and multi-strand wire ropes.
Support for Climate Change Policy: Social Psychological and Social Structural Influences*
Authors: Dietz Thomas , Dan Amy , Shwom Rachael
Published: July 2007

Abstract  We investigated preferences for climate change mitigation policies and factors contributing to higher levels of policy support. The sample was comprised of 316 Michigan and Virginia residents, all of whom completed mail surveys. Of the eight policies proposed to reduce the burning of fossil fuels, respondents overwhelmingly indicated they would not support a gas tax, while support was highest for shifting subsidies away from fossil fuels and towards sustainable energy strategies. With the exception of taxes on gasoline and “gas guzzlers,” a majority of respondents supported all other mitigation policies. Multivariate analyses revealed that greater trust in environmentalists and less trust in industry, greater recognition of the consequences of climate change, higher income, being black, and older age were predictive of greater policy support. Personal values (e.g., altruism), future orientation, and political affiliation were strong predictors of policy support but only indirectly via worldviews and environmental beliefs.
No association between the DAT1 10‐repeat allele and ADHD in the Iranian population
Authors: Banoei M.M. , Majidizadeh T. , Shirazi E. , Moghimi N. , Ghadiri M. , Najmabadi H. , Ohadi M.
Published: June 2007

Association studies between attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the 10‐repeat allele of a polymorphism (a 40 bp variable number of tandem repeats) in the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) have resulted in mixed findings in different populations. We performed a case/control study to clarify the contribution of this allele with ADHD in the Iranian population. No association was observed between the 10‐allele and disease (χ2 = 0.081, P < 0.9). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the homozygosity of this allele between the case and control groups (χ2 = 0.022, P < 0.9). Implication of the dopamine transporter gene in the pathophysiology of ADHD warrants investigation of other functional polymorphisms within this gene in the Iranian ADHD patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gold‐Coated Transition‐Metal Anion [Mn13@Au20]‐ with Ultrahigh Magnetic Moment.
Authors: Wang Jinlan , Bai Jaeil , Jellinek Julius , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phase Equilibrium in the Cerium‐Poor Ce—Ni—Cu System.
Authors: Wang J. , Pisch A. , Fluekiger R. , Jorda J. L.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Cobalt—Nickel Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying.
Authors: Garcia‐Contreras M. A. , Fernandez‐Valverde S. M. , Vargas‐Garcia J. R.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption in Nanocrystalline LaMg2Ni.
Authors: Di Chio M. , Schiffini L. , Enzo S. , Cocco G. , Baricco M.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Flux Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy of Two Indium Silicates Containing Varied In—O Coordination Geometries.
Authors: Hung Ling‐I , Wang Sue‐Lein , Kao Hsien‐Ming , Lii Kwang‐Hwa
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Selective Supramolecular Catalyzed Allylic Alcohol Isomerization.
Authors: Leung Dennis H. , Bergman Robert G. , Raymond Kenneth N.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Mild Hydrolysis of Esters Mediated by Lithium Salts.
Authors: Mattsson Sara , Dahlstroem Mikael , Karlsson Staffan
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of 2‐Acetylbenzofuranhydrazone with Aromatic Aldehydes: Formation of Aldazines and Regeneration of 2‐Acetylbenzofuran.
Authors: Ujjinamatada Ravi K. , Agasimundin Yankanagouda S.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Grignard Reagents Using Nickel and Palladium Complexes Bearing η3‐Allyl Ligand as Catalysts.
Authors: Terao Jun , Naitoh Yoshitaka , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2‐Dithioacetalmethylene‐3‐oxobutyronitrile from 2‐Dithioacetalmethylene‐3‐oxobutyramide.
Authors: Jin Yu‐Zi , Liu Qun , Zhang Jing Dong , Lee Youn‐Sik
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Properties of 2‐Amino‐1‐chloroenones.
Authors: Bozhenkov G. V. , Savosik V. A. , Mirskova A. N. , Levkovskaya G. G.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ligand‐Accelerated Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkynylation of Aldehydes with 2‐Methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol as an Ethyne Equivalent Donor.
Authors: Harada Shinji , Takita Ryo , Ohshima Takashi , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyanation of Aryl Chlorides with Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) Catalyzed by Cyclopalladated Ferrocenylimine Tricyclohexylphosphine Complexes.
Authors: Cheng Yi‐nan , Duan Zheng , Li Ting , Wu Yangjie
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Sulfur Ylide Derived from Rh(II) Carbene and Sulfides in Water.
Authors: Liao Mingyi , Wang Jianbo
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mild and Ligand‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings Between Aryl Halides and Arylboronic Acids for the Synthesis of Biaryls and Heterocycle‐Containing Biaryls.
Authors: Deng Chen‐Liang , Guo Sheng‐Mei , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simple Ruthenium Precatalyst for the Synthesis of Stilbene Derivatives and Ring‐Closing Metathesis in the Presence of Styrene Initiators.
Authors: Lo Cheikh , Cariou Renan , Fischmeister Cedric , Dixneuf Pierre H.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed, Sequential, Three‐Component Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Halides, Alkynes, and Arynes.
Authors: Liu Zhijian , Larock Richard C.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of Benzofurans Utilizing [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Trigged by N‐Trifluoroacetylation of Oxime Ethers: Short Synthesis of Natural 2‐Arylbenzofurans.
Authors: Takeda Norihiko , Miyata Okiko , Naito Takeaki
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Indoles and Benzisoxazolines from Baylis—Hillman Adducts of 2‐Nitrobenzaldehydes.
Authors: Lee Ka Young , Lee Hyun Seung , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Addition of Allylindium Bromide to Nitrile Oxides in Aqueous Media: Convenient Synthesis of 5‐Methylisoxazolines.
Authors: Sawant Sanghapal D. , Singh Parvinder P. , Qazi Naveed A. , Kumar H. M. Sampath
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
First Example of Regioselective Nucleophilic 1,6‐Addition of Trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane to 4H‐Chromene Derivatives.
Authors: Sosnovskikh V. Ya. , Usachev B. I. , Permyakov M. N. , Sevenard D. V. , Roeschenthaler G.‐V.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparative Procedure for the Synthesis of 4‐Allyloxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic Acid.
Authors: Prikhod'ko S. A. , Oleinik I. I. , Oleinik I. V. , Ivanchev S. S. , Tolstikov G. A.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tandem Sequential Ring‐Closing Metathesis/Diels—Alder/Cross‐Metathesis: Formation of Polycyclic Compounds by a New Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Virolleaud Marie‐Alice , Piva Olivier
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and anti‐HIV Activity Evaluation of 1‐[(Alkenyl or Alkynyl or Alkyloxy)methyl]‐5‐alkyl‐6‐(1‐naphthoyl)‐2,4‐pyrimidinediones as Novel Non‐Nucleoside HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Fen‐Er , Xie Bin , De Clercq Erik , Balzarini Jan , Pannecouque Christophe
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Regiospecific Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Novel Dihydropyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives by a Three‐Component One‐Pot Condensation under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Prajapati Dipak , Borah Kalyan Jyoti , Gohain Mukut
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Methyl Pseudoephedrine Mediated Asymmetric Syntheses of Dihydroquinoxalinones for the Preparation of Flavane Analogues.
Authors: Kim Yongtae , Kang Kyoung Hee , Choi Eui Ta , Lee Min Hee , Park Yong Sun
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unprecedented 1,1′‐Carbonyldiimidazole‐Mediated Amidation of Unprotected α‐Amino Acids in Water.
Authors: Sharma Rohit K. , Jain Rahul
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Glycosylation and Pyranose—Furanose Isomerization of Carbohydrates Using HClO4—SiO2: Synthesis of Oligosaccharides Containing Galactofuranose.
Authors: Mukherjee Chinmoy , Misra Anup Kumar
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4,6‐O‐Benzylidene‐Directed β‐Mannopyranosylation and α‐Glucopyranosylation: The 2‐Deoxy‐2‐fluoro and 3‐Deoxy‐3‐fluoro Series of Donors and the Importance of the O2—C2—C3—O3 Interaction.
Authors: Crich David , Li Linfeng
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Concise Total Synthesis of the Notoamides C and D.
Authors: Grubbs Alan W. , Artman Gerald D. III , Tsukamoto Sachiko , Williams Robert M.
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
General Strategy for the Synthesis of B1 Phytoprostanes, Dinor Isoprostanes, and Analogues.
Authors: Schmidt Annika , Boland Wilhelm
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Carteramine A, an Inhibitor of Neutrophil Chemotaxis, from the Marine Sponge Stylissa carteri.
Authors: Kobayashi Hirotsugu , Kitamura Koki , Nagai Koji , Nakao Yoichi , Fusetani Nobuhiro , van Soest Rob W. M. , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amorphous Iron(III) Oxide — A Review
Authors: Machala Libor , Zboril Radek , Gedanken Aharon
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sum Frequency Generation and Polarization—Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy of Functioning Model Catalysts from Ultrahigh Vacuum to Ambient Pressure
Authors: Rupprechter Guenther
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Syntheses of Naturally Occurring 5,6‐Dihydropyran‐2‐ones
Authors: Marco J. Alberto , Carda Miguel , Murga Juan , Falomir Eva
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective N‐Demethylation Reactions on Erythromycin Derivatives
Authors: Maragni Paolo , Melotto Elisa , Michieletto Ivan , Restelli Angelo
Published: June 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.