bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time for action towards a sustainable future: a policy brief for “Green Supermarkets”
Authors: Alaze Anita Franziska , Coomans Saskia Karina , Dimitsaki Persefoni , Mol Maud Alline , Smith-Cornwall Matilda
Published: May 2023

Context: Climate change is considered to be the greatest threat to global public health. It affects our food and water sources, the air we breathe and the weather we experience. Climate change is equally harmful to supermarkets: 95% of the current food supply is at risk from climate change. As fewer products become available, costs will increase not only for consumers but also for purchasers. The European Green Deal functions as a secure foundation to create a business that is focused on the protection of the environment. The aim of this policy brief is to guide industry leaders on how to transform supermarkets to function in a more sustainable way and mitigate negative environmental impacts.
Policy Options: Three policy options are presented for discussion: reduction of food waste, reduce energy efficiency, reduce plastic packaging. Supermarkets are a major factor in climate change contributing to food waste, high energy use and plastic pollution, each with negative effects. We see an urgent need and opportunity for supermarket chains to act. These policy options are presented in conjunction to allow for maximum effect of action.
Recommendations: Supermarkets should reduce fossil fuel use in transport, storage, and delivery, incorporating sustainable design into practice. Landfill and food waste should be minimised by an improved supply chain management. Harmful packaging should be diminished or replaced by alternative materials providing customers with more sustainable options.
Reproductive health of medical students: exploring knowledge, experiences, and behaviors
Authors: Djuric Petar , Stevanovic Aleksandar , Rajovic Nina , Todorovic Jovana , Laaser Ulrich
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) along with unintended pregnancies, gender-based violence, and gender inequality represent a serious risk to reproductive health in adolescent age. Comprehensive Sexual Education (CSE) plays a central role among public health interventions designed to prepare young people for these challenges. The aim of our research was to examine knowledge, experience, and behaviors regarding reproductive and sexual health among the population of medical students, as well as the possible connection between reproductive health, information, and study success.
Material and methods: A total of 186 second-year and 214 fifth-year medical students were included in the study as a convenient sample taken by random selection. We used a questionnaire of the World Health Organization designed for adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Data were analyzed with the IMB SPSS 25 software.
Results: For the second-year students, primary source of information about sex are conversations with their family and friends (37.6%), while for the fifth-year students it is the faculty curriculum (34.7%). Students with personal experience of STIs showed higher average level of knowledge about STIs and reproductive health (p=0.011). Significant positive correlation between the average grade and the level of knowledge about reproductive health was found (r=0.150; p=0.03).
Conclusion: This study has shown the diverse sexual life of young medical students in Serbia, combined with risky habits and attitudes, also similarly represented in the world. Further research is needed in order to formulate public health policies adjusted to the needs of the Serbian youth.
Climate change and its extensions in infectious diseases: South-Eastern Europe under focus
Authors: Kayacan Zeynep Cigdem , Akgul Ozer
Published: May 2023

Climate change is a result of natural processes and human-made activities influencing the atmosphere. Many infectious diseases are climate-sensitive and their nature and epidemiology are changing in parallel with the change in climatic conditions and global warming. Increased replication rates of pathogens at higher temperatures, extended transmission seasons, migration of vectors or human populations are some outcomes of the changing climate, to trigger new concerns including new epidemics with old or new pathogens. Climate change is presenting itself today as an urgent global health threat and it requires immediate international action with high priority. Infectious diseases in relation to changing climatic conditions are reviewed with predominating current examples, keeping a focus on Europe with particular emphasis on South-Eastern European and Eurasian regions.
Correlates of level of satisfaction among primary health care workers in Albania
Authors: Naum Alvi , Toçi Ervin , Toçi Dorina , Burazeri Genc Burazeri , Kessel Robin van , Czabanowska Katarzyna
Published: May 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the level of satisfaction of primary health care staff in Albania and the factors associated with it.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tirana city, the Albanian capital, from 11 November 2020 until 25 November 2020. Among all health centers (HCs) and health centers of specialties (HCSs) of Tirana Municipality, there were selected randomly a HC in rural areas, a HC in urban areas and one HCS. All the staff (doctors and nurses) being present at the time of data collection was interviewed, using an international standardized tool (the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center instrument) assessing the satisfaction with various elements of the work in PHC, validated in Albanian. A total of 102 PHC staff were included in the study. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association of staff satisfaction with independent factors.
Results: The aspects of work most appreciated by PHC staff (% satisfied or very satisfied) were: respectful treatment by colleagues (78.2%), staff morale and their positive attitude towards work (73.2%). The most disliked aspects of work by PHC staff (% dissatisfied or very dissatisfied) were: current salary (60.8%), stress at work (38.3%), physical and medical infrastructure in the institution (27%). Staff in rural HCs, older staff, females and nurses and family doctors are more likely to be satisfied compared to their respective colleagues.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest various factors associated with the satisfaction of PHC staff in Albania. These findings could be guiding future efforts aiming to improve the work conditions of the professionals working in primary health care in Albania.
Advancing the diversity and inclusion agenda in healthcare organizations: The case of German university hospitals
Authors: Gobianidze Mariam , Hammond Jordan , Jürgens Kira , Reisser Katharina , Kalaitzi Valia
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Diversity and inclusion (D&I) challenges in the hospital workforce continue to pose threats to an inclusive work environment. Acknowledging the benefits of a diverse and inclusive healthcare workforce, the Association of German University Hospitals signed the German Diversity Charter to encourage its member hospitals to apply policies to cultivate such a workplace. This policy brief explores the implementation of D&I policies aligned with the Charter in six university hospitals in Germany, aiming to identify the policy gaps and provide recommendations for improvement.
Policy Options: The Charter´s commitments include a shared organizational vision of D&I as a source of great potential and the significant support of the senior management. It also includes D&I in employment processes, open communication about policies, and active employee engagement. Overall, a comprehensive D&I strategy has been shown to be vital for sustainable change. However, not all the hospitals have signed it, nor do all fully adhere to its policies. Therefore, recommendations are provided for the Association to support their constituents in working toward comprehensive D&I policies.
Recommendations: Most importantly, the Association should further promote D&I awareness, enhance the support to the hospitals to improve D&I activities, and lead and monitor the implementation and outcomes of the adopted D&I strategies and policies. The comprehensive approach includes transparency; measurement and evaluation to assess the successes and failures of the strategies; the commitment by senior management to D&I efforts; and bottom-up involvement for employees to share their concerns and get involved.
Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in Ireland
Authors: Tamminen Alisa C. M. , Duport Gaetan , Serrano Rocío Atienza , Babich Suzanne M.
Published: May 2023

Context: Following recommended dietary guidelines, Ireland has since 2010 implemented a  0% Value Added Tax (VAT) on fruits and vegetables to increase consumption. Eleven years after policy implementation, the Irish still do not meet recommended intake for fruit and vegetable consumption, consuming 3.9 portions a day compared to 7 daily portions recommended.
Policy Options: Four alternatives for improvement were assessed and compared:            1) retain the status quo of reduced VAT for healthy foods, 2) VAT only for locally produced fruits and vegetables, 3) increased VAT for salty and sweet foods with a subsidy for fruits and vegetables, and 4) an education-based policy. Four evaluation criteria were applied for the comparison: economic feasibility, effectiveness, political feasibility, and equity.
Recommendations: The status quo remains the best option for Ireland. However, further assessment of this 0% VAT policy on fruits and vegetables is warranted, pending the availability of additional data to enable an in-depth understanding of policy implementation.
Tribal Communities and Opioids
Authors: Hill Margo
Published: May 2023

American Indians/ Alaskan Natives (AI/AN) experience overdose rates higher than any other ethnic/ racial group in the US. In recent decades the opioid epidemic has had a particularly negative impact on AI/AN populations. To respond effectively to this issue, it is vital to understand its root cause. A range of factors are responsible, with some dating back hundreds of years. The main factors are the impact of colonization and exclusion; forced migration to peripheral areas; forced removal of children and attempts at cultural genocide; poor social environments; poverty and unemployment; adverse childhood experiences; and inadequate and under-funded Federal health services. Particular blame can be attributed to the pharmaceutical industry and its active over-promotion of opioid use. A number of strategies for tackling this scourge are outlined.
Biographical Lexicon of Public Health: Review
Authors: France Francis Roger
Published: May 2023

Biographical Lexicon of Public Health: Review
Health Investigation: Analysis – Planning – Evaluation ; Forum for Public Health in Southeastern Europe Vol II
Authors: Burazeri Genc , Kragelj Lijana Zaletel
Published: May 2023

Health Investigation: Analysis – Planning – Evaluation ; Forum for Public Health in Southeastern Europe Vol II
Human Papillomavirus vaccines: Call for a European change to tackle current and future shortages
Authors: Arianna Maviglia  , Elvis Bitar  , Jelena Schmidt  , Philippe Winters  , Sander de Souza  , Timo Clemens
Published: May 2023

ContextThere is a global Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine shortage until 2024. The World Health Organization recommended a temporary suspension of HPV vaccination for boys until all girls who need the vaccine can get it. In the European Union (EU), practices to define and monitor HPV vaccine shortages differ between the Member States. Prior policy initiatives were insufficient to address current vaccine shortages.Policy optionsDifferent policy options are recommended, divided into three self-developed clusters: prevention, response, and supply side. The policy options for the prevention part include decentralised surveillance and centralised surveillance. The policy options for the response part include dose sparing, EU joint procurement, postponing injection for young children, postponing vaccination for boys, and prioritisation in favour of low- and middle-income countries. The policy option for the supply side part is novel procurement agreements.RecommendationsA traffic light system to assist policymakers has been developed. The traffic light system recommends when policymakers should implement the suggested policy options. The traffic light system describes four stages: Green light (shortage prevention); Amber light (imminent shortage prevention); Red light (shortage management); Shortage lessons. These recommendations will improve EU crisis management.
Beyond Silos: A Call to Include Hospital Support Staff in Cultural Competency Training
Authors: Ciara Sheehan  , Estefanía Callejas De Luca  , Hélène Marguerite Leon  , Simon Boch
Published: May 2023

Context: Patient populations are becoming more diverse. As a result, the “one-size fits all” approach to healthcare delivery is no longer sufficient. Today, quality of care is highly influenced by the cultural competency (CC) of healthcare providers (HCPs). HCPs, however, are not the only members of hospital staff who influence quality of care. Another group, hospital support staff (HSS), also play a critical role in the healthcare delivery process. Yet, HSS remain under-recognized and have been left out of hospital-led CC training.Aim: This policy brief offers a novel perspective, advocating for the inclusion of HSS in hospital-led CC training, as it has been acknowledged by previous research that increasing the CC of healthcare staff is an appropriate strategy to improve the quality of care for patients.Methods: To gain more insight, interviews and surveys were conducted (October 2022) among a group of HSS at the Ronald McDonald House (RDMH). These HSS include volunteers and managers who enable Family Centred Care (FCC) for Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+). A non-systematic literature review on the topic of cultural competency development was also conducted.Results: To develop policy recommendations, options were first assessed using a pre-established framework for developing organisational CC by Castillo & Guo (10). In addition, a stakeholder analysis was completed. Together with the survey responses and interviews, this confirmed HSS, need and want to be culturally competent. These results feed into the development of policy recommendations.
Recommendations:Thus, three policy recommendations are made: (1) formalise CC training at MUMC+; (2) include HSS in such a CC training; and (3) develop and monitor training with Participatory Action Research (PAR).
Out of cars, onto the cycle paths: Aligning Granada's traffic infrastructure with the European Green Deal
Authors: Larissa Federmann  , Merle Wilhelm  , Lena Strohmaier  , Andrea Fiallos Rodriguez  , John Middleton
Published: May 2023

If greenhouse gas emissions are not sharply reduced, air pollution, extreme weather events, and desertification in southern Spain will occur, along with many deaths, and collapses of the health system and the country’s main economic sectors, agriculture, and tourism. The European Union adopted a strategy in 2019 with a series of environmental policy initiatives to protect the population from climate change hazards as ‘the Green Deal’.This strategy provides funding opportunities for Granada, one of Spain's most polluted and climate change-vulnerable cities, to reduce its high emissions of harmful greenhouse gases from transport.A spacious, well-connected, and safe cycling infrastructure is needed. New on-road cycle lanes and cycle paths with planted barriers to the car lane should be constructed. An e-bike sharing system can also enable people with special needs to cycle in the hilly city and drive tourism. Extensive participation opportunities and assessments of disparate impacts on access and health outcomes of different population groups need to be used to ensure that existing inequalities are not exacerbated.
The German-Jewish paediatrician Albert Eckstein (1891-1950) exiled to Turkey: Pioneering modern paediatric care and social hygiene (health sciences) during World War II
Authors: Heinzelmann Wilfried
Published: May 2023

During the thirties of the twentieth century, German medical doctors immigrated to Turkey. Among them, was the German-Jewish paediatrician Albert Eckstein. In this short biography, the richness of the literature, written by or about Eckstein, will be presented, and altogether combined. Starting from 1937 and further on, Albert Eckstein undertook scientific surveys on children’s state of health and health care in the most remote areas of Anatolia. The value of the social-hygienic approach could be recognized, even in this early stage, starting with epidemiological analysis and followed by basic comprehensive health care. Social hygiene, as a young branch of health sciences at the time, was in the position even then to model the health care system for large population groups, at least in countries actively developing health care, as was Turkey of that time. Albert Eckstein and his co-workers, such as Ihsan Dogramaci, stand out as founders of the modern Turkish health care system today and health sciences in this country.
Piloting an advanced methodology to analyse health care policy networks: The example of Belgrade, Serbia
Authors: Wenzel Helmut , Bjegovic-Mikanovic Vesna , Laaser Ulrich
Published: May 2023

Aim: Political decisions usually emerge from the competing interests of politicians, voters, and special interest groups. We investigated the applicability of an advanced methodological concept to determine whether certain institutional positions in a cooperating network have influence on the decision-making procedures. To that end, we made use of the institutional network of relevant health care and health governance institutions, concentrated in Belgrade, Serbia.
Methods: We used a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on a combination of measures for centrality in order to evaluate the positions of 25 players in Belgrade‟s institutional network. Their directed links were determined by a simulated position approach employing the authors‟ long-term involvement. Software packages used consisted of Visone 2.9, UCINET 6, and KeyPlayer 1.44.
Results: In our analysis, the network density score in Belgrade was 71%. The PCA revealed two dimensions: control and attractiveness. The Ministry of Health exerted the highest level of control but displayed a low attractiveness in terms of receiving links from important players. The National Health Insurance Fund had less control capacity but a high attractiveness. The National Institute of Public Health‟s position was characterized by a low control capacity and high attractiveness, whereas the National Drug Agency, the National Health Council, and Non-Governmental Organisations were no prominent players.
Conclusions: The advanced methodologies used here to analyse the health care policy network in Belgrade provided consistent results indicating that the intended decentralization of the health care network in Belgrade may be incomplete, still with low participation of civil society representatives. With the present study we set the stage for a broad-range survey based data collection applying the methodology piloted in Belgrade.
Lifestyle correlates of low bone mineral density in Albanian women
Authors: Kollcaku Artur , Kollcaku Julia , Dura Valbona , Backa Teuta , Tafaj Argjend
Published: May 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association of lifestyle/behavioral factors with low bone mineral density in Albanian women, a transitional country in the Western Balkans.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tirana city in 2010 including a population-based sample of 549 women aged 35 years and above (response rate: 92%). Low bone mineral density (osteopenia and/or osteoporosis defined as a bone mineral density T-score less than -1) was assessed with a bone ultrasound device which is simple and easy to use for screening of bone mineral density in population-based studies. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship of low bone mineral density with behavioral factors in this study population.
Results: The prevalence of low bone mineral density in this study population was 28.4% (156/549). In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, low bone mineral density was positively associated with smoking (OR=4.1, 95%CI=2.2-7.4) and coffee consumption (OR=2.3, 95%CI=1.3-4.1), but inversely related to overweight and obesity (OR=0.4, 95%CI=0.2-0.7 and OR=0.3, 95%CI=0.2-0.6, respectively).
Conclusion: This study offers useful evidence about the lifestyle/behavioral determinants of low bone mineral density among women in this transitional South Eastern European population. Health professionals and policymakers in Albania should be aware of the major behavioral factors which increase the risk of low bone mineral density in order to provide correct treatment and control of this condition in the general population.
A growing competence: The unfinished story of the European Union health policy
Authors: Merkel Bernard
Published: May 2023

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Pharmaceutical expenditure changes in Serbia and Greece during the global economic recession
Authors: B. Jakovljevic Mihajlo , Souliotis Kyriakos
Published: May 2023

Aim: Clarity on health expenditures is essential for the timely identification of risks that jeopardize the democratic provision of health services and the credibility of health insurance systems. Furthermore, observing health outcomes with geographical scope is essential for making multilateral associations. This study aimed at conveying information on the variability of important economic parameters of the health sector of Serbia and Greece from 2007 to 2012, when the most serious financial crisis in the post-war economic history hit the global economy.
Methods: Exchange rates, purchase-power-parities (PPP) and price indices were used for the bilateral review of health and pharmaceutical expenditure dynamics during 2007-2012. Prescription and dispensing changes were also studied taking into account the anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) structure of drugs consumed.
Results: Greece was forced to cut down its total health care and pharmaceutical expenditure and mainly its out-of-pocket payments were more seriously affected by the recession. Surprisingly, emerging market of Serbia, although severely damaged by global recession, succeeded to maintain 19% growth of its per capita health expenditure and even 25% increase of its per capita spending on pharmaceuticals. Innovative pharmaceuticals showed an upward trend in both countries.
Conclusions: These two countries might serve as an example of two distinct pathways of mature and emerging health care markets during financial constraints caused by global recession. Our findings show that producing disease-based feedback, in the long run, may empower the assessment of the return on investment on medical technology and healthcare systems’ cost-effectiveness.
Concurrent validity of radiography and ultrasound examination for the diagnosis of aortic aneurisms in Albanian patients
Authors: Laci Ilirian , Spahiu Alketa
Published: May 2023

Aim: The aim of our study was to assess the concurrent validity of radiography and ultrasound examination among patients diagnosed with aortic aneurisms in Albania, a transitional country in South Eastern Europe.   
Methods: This study included 75 consecutive patients diagnosed with aortic aneurisms (thoracic and/or abdominal) admitted at the University Hospital Centre “Mother Teresa” in Tirana during 2012-2014 (56 men and 19 women). For each patient, computerized tomography (CT) scan with contrast was used to confirm the diagnosis of aortic aneurisms. In addition to the CT scan (“gold standard” for the diagnosis of aneurisms), in 37 patients, radiography and ultrasound examination were simultaneously performed in order to assess the validity of these techniques. Furthermore, demographic data and other relevant clinical information were collected for each study participant.
Results: In 18 patients with thoracic aneurisms pertinent to ascendant aorta where radiography and ultrasound were simultaneously performed, ultrasound was able to diagnose 5 (27.8%) cases which were not detected through radiography (P=0.038). Conversely, in 16 patients with abdominal aneurisms where radiography and ultrasound were simultaneously performed, ultrasound was able to diagnose 4 (25.0%) cases which were not detected through radiography (P=0.034). The remaining three patients diagnosed with thoracic-abdominal aneurisms were not detected either by ultrasound examination or radiography.      
Conclusions: In this sample of Albanian patients diagnosed with aortic aneurisms (N=75), overall, 9 (24.3%) subjects were detected through ultrasound examination but not radiography (P<0.001). Findings from this study provide valuable clues about the concurrent validity and predictive value of these two key examinations for the diagnosis of aortic aneurisms.
Global health in foreign policy in South Africa – Evidence from state actors
Authors: Modisenyane Moeketsi , Senkubuge Flavia , Hendricks Stephen JH
Published: May 2023

Aim: There are currently debates about why South Africa integrates global health into its foreign policy agendas. This study aimed at exploring motivation and interests’ South African policy actors pursue to advance global health and the processes that lead to such integration.
Methods: The study utilized a mixed-method design from a sample of state policy actors at the National Department of Health of South Africa. Participants were selected purposively and had experience of more than three years participating in various international health activities. All participants completed semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative data was analysed to determine frequencies and transcribed text was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.  
Results: A total of 40 people were invited, of whom 35 agreed to participate. Of the respondents, 89.7% (n=32) strongly argued that health should facilitate ‘free movement of people, goods and services’. Majority (79.0%, n= 29) agreed that ‘development and equality’ are the main elements of foreign policy. Of the respondents, majority 77.1% (n=27) agreed that ‘moral and human rights’ are the main elements of foreign policy. Furthermore, 82.8% (n=29) agreed that the country should advance ‘Africa regionalism and south-south cooperation’ and 85.7% (n=30) strongly argued for a ‘whole-government approach’ in addressing global health challenges. ‘HIV/AIDS’ and ‘access to medicines agenda’ were the main policy issues advanced. The main domestic factors shaping South Africa’s involvement in global health were its ‘political leadership’ and ‘capacity of negotiators’.
Conclusion: It is evident that within South Africa, state policy actors are largely concerned with promoting global health interest as a normative value and a goal of foreign policy, namely, human dignity and development cooperation. Furthermore, South Africa drives its global health through building coalition with other state and non-state actors such as civil society. HIV/AIDS, as a policy issue, presents a potential entry point for engagement in global health diplomacy.
Ethnic differences in smoking behaviour: The situation of Roma in Eastern Europe
Authors: Duval Laetitia , Wolff François-Charles , McKee Martin , Roberts Bayard
Published: May 2023

Aim: To investigate ethnic differences in smoking between Roma and non-Roma and their determinants, including how discrimination faced by Roma may influence smoking decisions.
Methods: We analysed data from the Roma Regional Survey 2011 implemented in twelve countries of Central and South-East Europe with random samples of approximately 750 households in Roma settlements and 350 households in nearby non-Roma communities in each country. The overall sample comprises 11,373 individuals (8,234 Roma) with a proportion of women of 57% and an average age of 36 years. Statistical methods include marginal effects from Probit and zero-truncated negative binomial estimates to explain cigarette consumption.
Results: We found that Roma have a higher probability of smoking and are heavier smokers compared to otherwise comparable non-Roma. These differences in smoking behaviour cannot purely be explained by the lower socio-economic situation of Roma since the ethnic gap remains substantial once individual characteristics are controlled for. The probability of smoking is positively correlated with the degree of ethnic discrimination experienced by Roma, especially when it is related to private or public health services.
Conclusions: By providing evidence on smoking behaviour between Roma and non-Roma in a large number of countries, our findings support the need to understand smoking behaviour of Roma from a comparative perspective, and may ultimately contribute to more effective anti-smoking messages for Roma. However, if the health disadvantage faced by Roma is to be addressed adequately, this group must be involved more effectively in the policy and public health process.
The Use of Gesture to Overcome Misunderstanding in Teaching English
Authors: Lubis Rica Umrina
Published: May 2023

Gesture is a type of non-verbal communication that is very influential in teaching and learning activities and interactions between teachers and students. It is not only can convey the speakers’ intention more specifically and adequately, clarify the teaching instruction, encourage the students’ interest, maximize English teaching’s goal but also can help improve the students’ skill in speaking, writing, reading and listening . This study aims to improve students' speaking, writing, reading, listening and interest in English lessons through the use of gestures at SMA Negeri 1 Batang Natal.The method used was descriptive qualitative. The subjects were 2 teachers and 25 students of 11th grade of SMA Negeri 1 Batang Natal The research instruments used were interviews and observations. The results of this study suggests that the use of movement has positive and negative sides for students. The positive side is that the teacher must be able to use the right movements according to the needs of their students. Creating a comfortable atmosphere and considering the most effective method so that students are activated in participating the lessons. While negative side was using too many movements or being too serious when teaching would not create a comfortable classroom atmosphere.
The Effectiveness of “Milk Booster” / Galactogogue to Increasing the Breastmilk Production
Authors: Virgian Kharisma
Published: May 2023

Breast milk is the best food for babies from the first beginning of life. Breast milk contains complete nutrients that are needed by babies. The breastfeeding process is a natural phase experienced by a mother. In order to breastfeed well and smoothly, the mother must prepare from the moment of pregnancy. However, sometimes an obstacle occurs in the process of breastfeeding. Thus resulting in the breastfeeding process not running smoothly. Milk booster or Galaktogogue can be consumed by breastfeeding mothers to increase breast milk production. Milk boosters can be in the form of drugs or special supplements that according to research are proven to increase breast milk production. This research is a literature review research to study and analyze the effectiveness of milk booster / galactagogue in increasing breast milk production. As well as reviewing various milk boosters / galactogogue which are proven to increase breast milk production based on evidence-based. This research method is a literature review using Google Scholar, PubMed data and Sciendirect. The results of this study show that milkbooster / galactogogue is effective in increasing breast milk production.
AI Generated Art.
Authors: Renza Victor
Published: May 2023

Human-robot interaction (HRI) through the practice of different types of art is bringing to the table new perspectives on innovative interactions where the cooperation between artists and robots not only deliver original works of art but also novel communication mechanisms beyond spoken and written-based forms. Generative art, that is, artworks mediated by the interaction with computers in codes and art generated by artificial intelligence (AI), are having a profound impact in different fields of the arts, including visual arts, performative arts, music and literature. This research proposes to establish some fundamental logics behind the interaction between artists and AI-art generators in order to advance in the understanding of how the intersection of art and technology can transform the ways in which humans relate to robots and its impacts in the arts, the artistic community and their identities and community building.
Transkulturelle Begegnungen im Incoming-Freiwilligendienst
Authors: Ebser Saskia
Published: May 2023

Every year, several thousand volunteers from all over the world participate in international voluntary service programmes in Germany. Transcultural encounters are a primary goal of the volunteering programmes. But what are the experiences of volunteers from countries of the Global South in encounters during their voluntary service in Germany? This qualitative study focuses on the perspectives of so-called incoming volunteers and examines the opportunities for and obstacles to transcultural encounters in international voluntary service programmes in Germany. It also takes a critical look at the postcolonial and racist structures in which voluntary service takes place.
Generalized Bessel Operator and Reproducing Kernel Theory
Authors: Soltani Fethi
Published: May 2023

In 1961, Bargmann introduced the classical Fock space FC and in 1984, Cholewinsky introduced the generalized Fock space F2,νC. These two spaces are the aim of many works, and have many applications in mathematics, in physics and in quantum mechanics. In this work, we introduce and study the Fock space F3,νC associated to the generalized Bessel operator L3,ν. The space F3,νC is a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). This is the reason for defining the orthogonal projection operator, the Toeplitz operators and the Hankel operators associated to this space. Furthermore, we give an application of the theory of extremal function and reproducing kernel of Hilbert space, to establish the extremal function associated to a bounded linear operator T:F3,νC→H, where H be a Hilbert space. Finally, we come up with some results regarding the extremal functions, when T is a difference operator and an integral operator, respectively. Finally, we remark that it is now natural to raise the problem of studying the Bessel-type Segal-Bargmann transform associated to the space F3,νC. This problem is difficult and will be an open topic. This topic requires more details for the harmonic analysis associated to the operator L3,ν. We have the idea to continue this research in a future paper.
Benefits of Implementation of Insulin Pump in People with Type 1 Diabetes: 10 Case Reports
Authors: Nováková Noemi , Nezval Martin , Anna Robenková Marie
Published: May 2023

Ten people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), aged 28 to 57 years, with a duration of diabetes from 8 months to 47 years, attending an urban diabetes center, were retrospectively observed to assess the effects of intensive insulin treatment using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump) for a period ranging from 2 months to 30 years, controlled either by glucometer-strips systems or using sensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy were present in some of them. An assessment of changes in HbA1c, body mass, insulin requirements per day (INS/d), blood pressure, lipoproteins, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was used to determine treatment efficiency. In conclusion, a combination of adequate education, long-term therapy with an insulin pump, and early implementation of CGM appear to be the optimal approach to T1D management, resulting in improved diabetes control and/or enhanced quality of life for the users.
Land Cover Change and Its Impact on Groundwater Resources: Findings and Recommendations
Authors: Kumari Yadav Shobha
Published: May 2023

Globally, the climate is becoming drier and wetter because of climate change. Variations in land use and land cover (LULC) brought on by humans have impacted hydrological elements, including recharge and runoff, throughout the past few decades. Agriculture, forestry, urbanization, recreational activities, and industrialization are all land uses that impact groundwater resources. For example, anthropogenic activities have an increased impact on impervious surfaces and storm drains, which divert precipitation away from highways. Similarly, groundwater resources are negatively impacted by the increased urbanization of areas in two fundamental ways: first, by blocking up aquifers with concrete, which prevents natural recharge; second, by polluting groundwater through drainage leaks and industrial waste and effluents. Therefore, the long-term temporal and seasonal variations in LULC change significantly impact groundwater flow dynamics. Numerous factors influence LULC change, including hard-to-follow social and biophysical processes, that ultimately lead to a complex and dynamic system. As a result, an evaluation of the effects of LULC changes on recharge is required to manage groundwater resources to be sustainable.
Infections in Intracranial Pressure Management: Impact of New Technologies on Infection Rates
Authors: Bayston Roger
Published: May 2023

It is now recognised that infections in CSF shunts and external ventricular drains (EVDs) are biofilm infections, and the scientific basis of these infections is better understood. Infection rates in shunts have now fallen but remain unacceptably high. There is an increase in infections due to multi-drug-resistant bacteria in EVDs. Reliance on antimicrobial prophylaxis has potential lifethreatening consequences and safer more effective measures are available. These consist of well-founded “bundles” or surgical protocols that have been shown to reduce infection by application of well known but not universally applied principles. New developments in antimicrobial technology have now been shown to be clinically effective and have reduced healthcare costs. The reduction in antibiotic use has led to fewer adverse effects. Problems with multidrug resistance in EVD infections remain and technology to address these has been developed but is not yet clinically available.
‘The Writing of the Empire’: Economies of Writing and ‘Otherness’ in Henri Fauconnier’s Malaisie
Authors: Surin Kenneth
Published: May 2023

The development of colonial and postcolonial literatures usually follows a tripartite periodization: (1) a phase during which works are produced by ‘representatives’ of the colonial order, those able to represent this order by virtue of being white and European; (2) a succeeding phase in which texts are produced under the auspices of the colonial order by culturally incorporated natives who are bound by the hegemonies of this order as a condition of undertaking literary production; (3) this phase is then overtaken by one existing after the Second World War—here independent postcolonial literatures arise in which the cosmography of Western superiority is supplanted. However, there are texts produced in phase (1) that do not possess the allegedly typical features of the works belong to it. My claim resides in the possibility that such periodizations do account for a kind of ‘Western’ text in which the author risks being changed, as he/she submits her/himself to worlds of possibility displacing authorized notions of ‘being Western’, etc. Using de Certeau and Edward Said, I provide a reading of Henri Fauconnier’s Prix Goncourt-winning 1930 francophone novel Malaisie that develops the concept of a ‘paracoloniality’, where I show what tends to be overlooked in most discussions of colonial and postcolonial literatures.
Prediction of Victimization Based on Emotional Intelligent with Mediating Role of Loneliness and Empathy: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Akbari Balootbangan Afzal , Mahvelaty Azadeh , Zamani Zakiyeh , Abdpoor Fatemeh , Hassanvandi Saba
Published: May 2023

Background: Currently, adolescent victimization is introduced as the most important social injury in schools. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the role of emotional intelligence (EI), loneliness, and empathy in the prediction of victimization among senior high school students. Methods: A structural equation modeling approach was used in this study. A total of 365 students were selected via random cluster sampling from high schools in the second municipal area of Yasouj, Iran. These students completed Victimization Scale, Schulte Emotional Intelligence Scale, Baron-Cohen’s Empathy Scale, and Loneliness Scale. The design of the present study was descriptive and correlational using structural equation modeling. The study population included all adolescents in secondary schools in Yasouj from 2020 - 2021. A total of 365 subjects were selected using random cluster sampling and completed the research questionnaires. Finally, the data were collected and analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling using SPSS software (version 19) and AMOS software (version 20). Results: The results showed that EI directly affected adolescents’ feelings of loneliness (-0.58), empathy (0.53), and victimization (-0.24) (P < 0.01). Additionally, feelings of loneliness (0.41) and empathy (-0.19) had a direct and significant effect on adolescent victimization (P < 0.01). Moreover, EI due to feelings of loneliness (-0.30) and empathy (-0.14) had an indirect and significant effect on adolescent victimization. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the model fits the data. Therefore, the awareness of teachers, parents, adolescents, counselors, psychologists, and other professionals to promote empathy and EI and reduce loneliness and victimization of adolescents can be helpful.
Challenge based modular education upscaled: piloting and evaluating an implementation procedure
Authors: Mesutoğlu Canan , Stollman Saskia , López Arteaga Inés
Published: May 2023

Modular approach in education provides the advantages of student self-pacing, autonomy, and receiving frequent feedback from the instructor. In 2021, the project; CMODE-Up (an Upscaling of the earlier undertaken project Challenge-based Modular On-demand Digital Education) provided evidence-based design principles and an accompanying teacher guide for modular courses in engineering education. A next step towards actually implementing the design framework, is piloting it. In this pilot, we will ask teachers from our university to work with the framework to redesign their course into one or more challenge-based modules. We started off with a short workshop to get teachers motivated to work with us. Teachers were recruited based on willingness and experience with modular courses. During the workshop, the teachers engaged in course design exercises using the design framework. Transcibed audiotapes of the workshop discussions constituted the data for this study. To further improve the framework, the results from the workshop data were combined with results of a descriptive literature review. Relevant articles and conference preceedings were located that can shed light on issues such as design of a course with elective modules. Results collectively will lead to an adapted version of the design framework.
Estudios sobre familia: Un análisis bibliométrico
Authors: Pinto López Ingrid Nineth , Montaudon Tomas Cynthia M. , Yáñez Moneda Alicia Lucrecia
Published: May 2023

La investigación científica sobre temáticas de familia se ha incrementado considerablemente en los últimos años lo que demuestra la relevancia de esta área de la ciencia para la sociedad. El objetivo del artículo es analizar las principales contribuciones científicas en este campo, con el soporte metodológico del análisis bibliométrico. Se consideran tres variables: estructuras familiares, comportamientos familiares y relaciones familiares. La información se analiza con indicadores bibliométricos que incluyen citaciones y h-index. Se utiliza el software VOSviewer para generar mapas que muestran las tendencias principales. El análisis considera, artículos científicos, revistas científicas, autores, instituciones y países. Entre los principales resultados se destacan que, hay un incremento en el número de publicaciones relacionadas con temáticas de familia, así como un incremento de diversas áreas de la ciencia interesadas en estos temas, de igual manera países, universidades e investigadores se suman cada vez en mayor número a éstas líneas de investigación.
La resistencia a antibióticos en la perspectiva de los futuros médicos
Authors: Ruiz Orizaga Gabriela , Ávila Ruiz Mirna Dinora , Romero Pérez Dulce , Jasso de la Paz Perla Getsemaní
Published: May 2023

La resistencia a antibióticos es una emergencia de salud pública mundial; que los médicos prescriptores sean conscientes del problema resulta indispensable para las estrategias dispuestas para retrasar su avance. Se presenta un estudio transversal descriptivo con muestreo no probabilístico intencional a dos generaciones de Médicos Pasantes en Servicio Social a punto de egresar para conocer su perspectiva del problema, causas contribuyentes y sus fuentes de consulta para la prescripción. Se realizaron 236 encuestas, 160 encuestados (67.8%) consideró la resistencia a antibióticos un problema nacional, 154 (65.2%) reconocen su presencia en los centros hospitalarios donde han colaborado, atañen como la causa principal la automedicación por parte de los pacientes y consultan guías de práctica clínica nacionales y libros para su prescripción, 204 (87.7%) desea mayor educación del tema. Resultados coincidentes con los de otros autores internacionales y clave para generar programas enfocados al uso racional y correcta prescripción de antibióticos.
Reflexión de saberes y competencias en la práctica docente en la modalidad a distancia
Authors: Navarrete Reyes Carolina , Cerón Garnica Carmen
Published: May 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar los saberes y competencias en la práctica docente en línea de la asignatura Microeconomía. El enfoque de la investigación es cualitativo con un diseño de estudio de casos; es de tipo constructivista, interpretativa y transversal. Como técnicas se usaron el grupo focal y entrevista. La unidad de información definida por cuatro instructores de la materia y un coordinador. Para el análisis y procesamiento de datos se utilizó ATLAS.ti en la construcción e interpretación. Los resultados obtenidos afirman dos categorías esenciales en la práctica docente en línea: los saberes se transforman para redefinir las competencias de los docentes, la formación disciplinar y pedagógica definen la práctica docente. Finalmente, la investigación enfatiza que la práctica docente en educación a distancia requiere formación en competencias pedagógicas, disciplinares, tecnológicas y de investigación para impactar en los aprendizajes de los estudiantes.
COVID-19 y adultos mayores: entre el aislamiento por cuarentena y la vulnerabilidad económica
Authors: Pérez Fernández Alberto , González Ascencio Ruby Asunción , Cano Alamilla Azeneth , Córdova Zacarías Martha Estela
Published: May 2023

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las ofertas de trabajo que consideran a personas mayores de 60 años para ingresar al proceso productivo en un contexto donde el brote de coronavirus (COVID-19) modificó el comportamiento social y económico de la sociedad, catalogando a los adultos mayores como un sector con alto riesgo de enfermar y fueron aislados social y económicamente. El estudio realizado en Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México, durante el año 2020 señala que, de 750 plazas ofertadas, solo 17 consideraban la posibilidad de realizar una entrevista a personas con una edad máxima de 60 años. Por lo tanto, personas con mayor edad, no tienen posibilidades de generar ingresos debido a la nula probabilidad de ser aceptado en un trabajo, aunado al confinamiento debido a la pandemia, los adultos mayores se enfrentan a una vulnerabilidad económica, que los obliga a depender de apoyos gubernamentales o de familiares para sobrevivir.