bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНЫХ ГРАДИЕНТОВ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ИОНОСФЕРЫ ПРИ РАСЧЕТЕ ИОНОСФЕРНОГО ЗАПАЗДЫВАНИЯ СИГНАЛОВ ГНСС
Authors: Баженов В.Д. , Колесник С.Н. , Сажин В.И.
Published: December 2022

Для оценки влияния на точность расчета  величины ионосферного запаздывания сигналов ГНСС, в модели ионосферы с учетом наличия на трассе трансионосферного распространения продольных горизонтальных градиентов электронной концентрации, отличий реальной формы зависимости изменения критической частоты вдоль трассы от ее линейного представления, выполнено  развитие методики задания изменений критической частоты вдоль трассы переходом от использования линейной зависимости  к зависимости, использующей кривую второго порядка, на основе применения квадратичной сплайн-интерполяции. Для конкретного примера  отличий реальной формы зависимости изменения критической частоты вдоль трассы от ее линейного представления проведены оценки влияния на точность расчета ионосферного запаздывания этих отличий.
ОЦЕНКА ВКЛАДА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ МАСШТАБОВ КОЛЕБАНИЙ В ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК АЭРОЗОЛЯ НА АРХИПЕЛАГЕ ШПИЦБЕРГЕН
Authors: Кабанов Д.М. , Масловский А С. , Радионов В Ф. , Сакерин С М. , Сидорова О.Р. , Чернов Д Г.
Published: December 2022

На основе результатов десятилетних измерений (2011-2021 гг.) аэрозольной оптической толщи атмосферы, приземных объемной концентрации аэрозоля и массовой концентрации черного углерода (EBC) в п. Баренцбург (арх. Шпицберген) оценивается соотношение вкладов разных масштабов временных колебаний в их общую изменчивость. Отмечается, что для всех характеристик основной вклад в изменчивость вносит синоптический масштаб колебаний (30¸70%). Влияние суточных ритмов проявляется лишь для EBC и концентраций субмикронного аэрозоля – около 30%. Вклад сезонных и межгодовых вариаций, как правило, не превышает 10¸20%.
ОЦЕНКА ДАЛЬНЕГО ПЕРЕНОСА АЭРОЗОЛЯ ИЗ АРАЛО-КАСПИЙСКОГО АРИДНОГО РЕГИОНА
Authors: Шукуров К.А.
Published: December 2022

Сравнивается степень влияния Арало-Каспийского аридного региона на территории России вдоль её южной границы, а также на страны ближнего и дальнего зарубежья по данным измерений метеорологической оптической дальности в 2000-2020 гг., аэрозольной оптической толщины (АОТ) грубодисперсного аэрозоля на станциях AERONET в последние два десятилетия и АОТ пылевого аэрозоля со спутника CALIPSO в 2006-2020 гг.
МУЛЬТИСПЕКТРАЛЬНЫЙ РЕФЛЕКТОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЙ МОНИТОРИНГ ЛЕСНЫХ МАССИВОВ
Authors: Белов М.Л. , Белов А.М. , Городничев В.А. , Альков С.В.
Published: December 2022

Проведен анализ возможностей мультиспектрального рефлектометрического метода мониторинга лесных массивов. Проведено статистическое моделирование классификации участков лесных массивов на созданной нейронной сети, использующей экспериментально измеренные коэффициенты отражения лесной растительности. Показано, что при многоспектральном мониторинге лесных массивов использование активного сенсора (позволяющего определить время задержки регистрируемых приемником эхо-импульсов) позволяет существенно увеличить вероятности классификации деревьев (лиственные деревья, хвойные деревья или сухой лес). Выбранные нами длины волн зондирования и созданная нейронная сеть обеспечивают вероятности классификации деревьев более 0,9 и вероятности неправильной классификации менее 0,04.
СПУТНИКОВЫЕ ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ, ВЗВЕСЬ И ПОТОКИ ВЕЩЕСТВА В ПОВЕРХНОСТНОМ СЛОЕ БЕЛОГО МОРЯ
Authors: Новигатский А.Н. , Клювиткин А.А. , Кравчишина М.Д. , Политова Н.В. , Филиппов А.С. , Шевченко В.П.
Published: December 2022

Выявлена пространственно-временная зависимость между вертикальным потоком осаждающегося вещества (по данным седиментационных ловушек (мг/м2/сут)) и массовой концентрацией взвеси (мг/л). Используя спутниковые данные оптического диапазона (с помощью спектральных каналов сканера MODIS–Aqua 531 и 551 нм рассчитывался показатель рассеяния назад взвешенными частицами (bbp, м–1)), стало возможным непрерывно получать (для безледного периода) среднемесячные данные о величинах вертикального потока осадочного вещества из поверхностного слоя для всего моря.
ШИРОКОДИАПАЗОННЫЙ СПЕКТРОМЕТР БЛИЖНЕГО И СРЕДНЕГО ИНФРАКРАСНОГО ДИАПАЗОНА ДЛЯ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
Authors: Айрапетян В.С. , Макеев А.В.
Published: December 2022

Представлена оптическая схема параметрического лазера (ПГС) с общей накачкой на основе импульсного YAG:Nd3+-лазера (λ=1,064 мкм) с: кольцевым резонатором на активном элементе из кристалла ниобата лития (LiNbO3), осуществляющего перестройку частоты в ближнем и среднем ИК диапазонах длин волн (1,41–4,24 мкм). Описана схема и приведены технические характеристики разработанного на основе данного ПГС широдиапазонного спектрометра для проведения медицинских исследований на основе дифференциальной абсорбционной спектроскопии. Приведены результаты расчета спектроскопических параметров лекарственного препарата ципрофлоксацина. Показано, что разработанный спектрометр с перестраиваемой частотой излучения позволяют уверенно детектировать большое количество органических образований, идентифицировать в них присутствие повышенного содержания других опасных примесей, составляющих потенциальную угрозу здоровью. Данный метод также применим для проведения анализа компонент крови человека.
ВАРИАЦИИ МЕТЕОВЕЛИЧИН И ФОНА ИОНИЗИРУЮЩЕЙ РАДИАЦИИ ПРИ ПРОХОЖДЕНИИ МЕЗОМАСШТАБНЫХ КОНВЕКТИВНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ
Authors: Нагорский П.М. , Пустовалов К.Н. , Яковлева В.С. , Оглезнева М.В. , Яковлев Г.А. , Смирнов С.В. , Вуколов А.В. , Беляева И.В.
Published: December 2022

Представлены результаты исследований влияния прохождения мезомасштабных конвективных комплексов (МКК), сопровождающихся интенсивными ливневыми осадками, на вариации γ-фона и основных метеорологических величин в приземном слое атмосферы. Проведены оценки времен запаздывания характерных вариаций метеовеличин при прохождении МКК над двумя измерительными комплексами, разнесенными на ~ 7,5 км по широте. Установлена связь между интенсивностью осадков и изменением мощности дозы γ-излучения. Величину всплеска γ-излучения определяет суммарное количество выпавших осадков, а текущая интенсивность осадков коррелирует со скоростью изменения уровня γ-фона.
ВЕРТИКАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОФИЛИ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ ПРЕЛОМЛЕНИЯ АЭРОЗОЛЯ В ТРОПОСФЕРЕ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ
Authors: Зенкова П.Н. , Чернов Д.Г. , Панченко М.В.
Published: December 2022

На основе эмпирической модели оптических характеристик аэрозоля в нижнем 5-км слое атмосферы Западной Сибири проведен расчет комплексного показателя преломления частиц разного размера при изменении относительной влажности воздуха. В основу модели положены данные многолетнего самолетного зондирования вертикальных профилей коэффициентов направленного рассеяния, дисперсного состава атмосферного аэрозоля, содержания поглощающего вещества, конденсационной активности аэрозольных частиц.
ОСАЖДЕНИЕ ОЗОНА НА ВОДНУЮ ПОВЕРХНОСТЬ БАЙКАЛА ВБЛИЗИ БЕРЕГОВОЙ ЗОНЫ
Authors: Бутуханов В.П.
Published: December 2022

В настоящей работе приводятся результаты синхронных наблюдений концентрации озона, и метеорологических параметров, полученные с использованием автоматизированной системы измерения характеристик газовых примесей и метеокомплекса АМК-02 в приводном слое атмосферы юго-восточного побережья оз. Байкал. Оценены вертикальные потоки озона в слое трения h = 3 м над водной поверхностью в летний период (июль-август). Оценка скорости сухого осаждения озона показала, что в области больших градиентов скорости ветра в слое трения ее распределение зависит от параметров волн и меняется в широких пределах.
Writing Right in Academese: The Language of Academic and Research Report Writing
Authors: Ekundayo Omowumi Olabode , Sokari Stanley
Published: December 2022

This article is an abridged pullout of chapter ten a forthcoming book on academic and research report writing, which examines the major features of academese. The paper presents and illustrates questionable features of language usually found in some academic writings with a view to making researchers and academics, particularly budding ones, identify and avoid them in research report writing. Data for this article were sourced mainly from library materials and the Internet. The examples used for illustration were extracted from postgraduate students’ scripts, seminar papers, journal articles for blind peer review and other published academic works. The paper established that many research report writers, particularly novices, use “unscholarly” language to compose their works, thus tasking blind peer review and assessment, and making publishers and journals reject their good or bad work. Therefore, the paper recommends that budding research report writers should raise their competence and standard by reading quality academic journals and various research writing guides to acquire the skills, styles and mastery of academic writing; should write regularly; and should also ensure that they send their research report, particularly journal articles, to reputable and well-established journals published by experts in the relevant field.
Peningkatan Pelayanan Anchor Handling untuk Mendukung Pengoperasian Kapal Supply
Authors: Nursyamsu  , Kustina Dewi Astri
Published: December 2022

Pengoperasian sebuah kapal supply untuk mendukung sisi operasional sebuah rig atau juga sebuah platform menjadi suatu hal yang sangat lazim digunakan perusahaan kilang minyak. Kerja sebuah kapal supply dalam hal rig movement atau anchor handling tergantung dari sisi kemampuan awak kapal yang bekerja. Permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada kapal supply adalah kurangnya pemahaman awak kapal terhadap prosedur kerja ketika melaksanakan Anchor Handling atau Rig Movement, dikarenakan awak kapal yang kurang begitu familiar bekerja di atas kapal supply. Dengan pokok permasalahan tersebut, dapat dirumuskan suatu rumusan masalah, yakni mengapa kinerja Anak Buah Kapal (ABK) di atas kapal supply saat pelaksanaan rig movement atau anchor handling kurang optimal. Penelitian mengenai kinerja awak kapal ketika anchor handling mempunyai tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesiapaan Anak Buah Kapal (ABK) dan fasilitas kapal untuk dapat mengoptimalkan operasi anchor handling. Didasarkan pada penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif, maka ditemukanlah suatu pemecahan masalah berupa pendidikan singkat oleh bagian pengawakan kepada awak kapal. Dan perusahaan perlu bekerja sama dengan suatu badan diklat perhubungan untuk mendapatkan sarana dan prasarana yang ada untuk mendidik calon Anak Buah Kapal itu melalui praktek yang benar, terhadap sarana yang ada dan Anak Buah Kapal akan mendapatkan sebuah sertifikat keterampilan pelaut bagi yang telah lulus menguasai materi. Jadi, dengan diadakannya suatu pendidikan singkat mengenai sisi operasional kapal supply oleh perusahaan, diharapkan setiap awak kapal akan dalam kondisi siap kerja.
Analisis Keterampilan dan Pengetahuan Kru Mesin Menggunakan Alat Pemadam Kebakaran dalam Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Kebakaran di Kamar Mesin MT. Ketaling
Authors: Sunanto Hari , Demaz Alvian
Published: December 2022

Salah satu penyebab kecelakaan kapal yang menyebabkan materi dan jiwa adalah kebakaran diatas kapal. Sebagai syarat diterimanya Anka Buah Kapal (ABK) untuk bekerja diatas kapal haruslah memiliki basic keterampilan dalam upaya penanganan dan pencegahan diatas kapal namun masih banyak anak buah kapal yang belum mampu memaksimalkan keterampilan tersebut sehingga masih banyak kelalaian-kelalaian dalam bekerja yang menyebabkan terjadinya kebakaran diatas kapal. Dari hasil penelitian bahwa anak buah kapal memiliki kekurangan ilmu pengetahuan keterampilan menangani kebakaran, bahkan membedakan sebuah peralatan dan penandaan pun masih belum optimal, tentu saja hal ini ada sebabnya yakni jarang terlaksananya kegiatan pelatihan diatas kapal untuk familiarisasi anak buah kapal terhadap masalah tersebut adalah alasan utama penyebab hal tersebut. Adanya pemberian pengetahuan dan sosialisasi dari officer yang bertanggung jawab dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini harus berjalan maksimal sehingga kejadian kebakaran diatas kapal MT. Ketaling menjadi sebuah pembelajaran untuk para anak buah kapal lainnya bahkan untuk perusahaan yang bersangkutan.
Analisis Strategi Awak Kapal dalam Menghadapi Bahaya Perompakan Ketika Melewati Daerah Berbahaya
Authors: Satria Zaldy , Mochamad Mansur Harri
Published: December 2022

Perompakan terhadap suatu kapal sering menjadi isu di dalam dunia kemaritiman, karena hal tersebut berhubungan juga dengan keselamatan jiwa seorang Anak Buah Kapal. Pencegahan akan terjadinya suatu perompakan kapal harus melibatkan banyak pihak, baik itu yang datang dari pihak kapal, perusahaan, maupun petugas yang akan disewa perusahaan guna melakukan pengawalan terhadap kapal yang melintasi daerah berbahaya tersebut. Yang sering kali menjadi suatu permasalahan adalah kurangnya koordinasi antara pihak-pihak terkait ketika suatu kapal harus melintasi daerah berbahaya (high risk area). Dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan tersebut, maka peneliti mencoba untuk merumuskan suatu rumusan masalah tentang bagaimana koordinasi pihak kapal dengan pihak perusahaan serta otoritas yang bertanggung jawab atas pengamanan di suatu wilayah sebelum dan selama memasuki daerah berbahaya. Dengan mengetahui rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini, maka diketahui juga tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui bagaimana koordinasi pihak kapal dengan pihak perusahaan serta otoritas yang bertanggung jawab atas pengamanan di wilayah sebelum dan selama memasuki daerah berbahaya. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti mencoba untuk menggunakan metode yang bersifat kualitatif yang mana dapat digunakan untuk menyimpulkan suatu pemecahan masalah yang salah satunya adalah penggunaan rencana perjalanan berupa company planning yang mana hal itu merupakan susunan rencana perjalanan yang dimiliki suatu perusahaan guna mengantisipasi terjadinya perompakan. Dengan mengacu pada company planning yang di dalamnya terdapat perintah-perintah yang dapat disiapkan oleh kapal ketika memasuki high risk area, maka kapal akan berlayar dengan selamat melewati perairan yang berbahaya tersebut.
Pengaruh Pelayanan Jasa Clearance In-Out terhadap Berthing Time Kapal diageni oleh PT Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia Cabang Tanjung Priok
Authors: Nawawi Cholis Imam , Zulkarnain Mokhammad , Aprianto Muhammad Alif
Published: December 2022

Setiap perusahaan keagenan akan berusaha untuk membuat cara yang efisien terutama bagaimana memberikan pelayanan jasa clearance in-out kapal dalam waktu yang cepat dan lancar, tanpa mengalami hambatan apapun, guna mencegah terjadinya keterlambatan kapal tiba pada pelabuhan berikutnya. Memberikan pelayanan keagenan kapal yang sebaik-baiknya merupakan bentuk persaingan para perusahaan pelayaran. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya sering terjadi keterlambatan waktu dalam pelayanan jasa clearance yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data yang didapatkan berasal dari data sekunder dan wawancara. Berdasarkan analisis data terdapat pengaruh pelayanan jasa clearance in-out kapal terhadap berthing time kapal yang diageni oleh PT PELNI cabang Tanjung Priok karena keterlambatan waktu pelayanan clearance in-out mengakibatkan lamanya kapal berada di pelabuhan sehingga kapal mengalami keterlambatan tiba di pelabuhan berikutnya. Adapun upaya yang sebaiknya dilakukan untuk mencegah keterlambatan waktu pelayanan jasa clearance yaitu perusahaan harusnya menerapkan target waktu dalam penyelesaian pelayanan jasa clearance untuk satu kapal dengan waktu yang ideal dalam pelayanan clearance untuk satu kapal adalah satu jam, perusahaan sebaiknya menambah jumlah tenaga kerja, perusahaan sebaiknya menambah jumlah sarana penunjang kegiatan operasional.
Penggunaan Peralatan Navigasi untuk Menghindari Terjadinya Kecelakaan Kapal
Authors: Sutryani Henni , Dewi Astri Kustina , Wibowo Isnanto Ramadhan
Published: December 2022

Penggunaan peralatan navigasi sejatinya rutin dilakukan oleh seorang mualim jaga ketika melaksanakan tugas penjagaan di anjungan. Kecelakaan kapal dapat terjadi karena beberapa faktor, diantaranya adalah kurangnya optimalnya mualim jaga mengoperasikan peralatan navigasi di atas kapal ketika kondisi atau situasi jarak pandang bernavigasi buruk. Penggunaan peralatan navigasi harus dilakukan dengan pengetahuan seorang perwira jaga mengenai peralatan navigasi, serta pengetahuan akan aturan-aturan COLREG 1972 sehingga perwira jaga dapat menghindar dari terjadinya kecelakaan kapal dalam situasi dan kondisi apapun. Adapun waktu dam tempat penelitian ini adalag pada saat praktek laut (PRALA) di atas kapal. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk mendapatkan data primer yang mana diperoleh langsung dari observasi/pengamatan pada saat melaksanakan tugas jaga di atas kapal, mendokumentasikan pada saat penjagaan di atas kapal dan melakukan wawancara dengan mualim jaga pada saat melaksanakan tugas jaga di anjungan. Dan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari data yang sudah ada di atas kapal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perwira jaga memahami penggunaan alat navigasi untuk mengantisipasi kecelakaan namun belum bisa melakukan perawatan peralatan navigasi dengan optimal. Tindakan perwira jaga sesuai dengan aturan 8, 9, dan 19 COLREG 1972.
Sistem dan Prosedur In-Out Clearance Kapal Keagenan Pertamina di Port of Pontianak
Authors: Anwar Syairi , Miharja Jaja , Miranda Mita
Published: December 2022

PT. Pertamina Trans Kontinental ini merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam menangani kegiatan keagenan port pertamina mengenai bongkar muat khususnya kapal-kapal yang beroperasi di naungan Pertamina dalam pengurusan in-out clearance kapal keagenan pertamina di pelabuhan pontianak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem dan prosedur clearance in-out kapal keagenan pertamina mulai dari kapal datang hingga berangkat meninggalkan pelabuhan, dokumen yang diperlukan untuk in-out clearance serta instansi yang terkait dalam proses in-out clearance kapal dan hambatan atau kendala yang dapat menghambat penanganan in-out clearance kapal. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, interview atau wawancara dan dokumentasi. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah secara keseluruhan agen di PT. Pertamina Trans Kontinental cabang pontianak sudah menjalankan tugasnya sebagai agen kapal dengan baik dalam melakukan clearance in-out kapal di pelabuhan Pontianak mulai dari kegiatan pengurusan permohonan kedatangan kapal di kantor (KSOP) hingga melakukan kembali permohonan keberangkatan kapal ke kantor (KSOP) untuk permohonan penerbitan surat persetujuan berlayar (SPB).
Mieloma múltiple: análisis de carga de la enfermedad en algunos países de Latinoamérica
Authors: Pineli Marcio , Amigo Carla , Alvarado Carlos A. , Figueroa Rhadames , Bucheli Edwin
Published: December 2022

En Latinoamérica no existe información sistematizada para determinar/monitorizar el mieloma múltiple. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la carga anual de enfermedad del mieloma múltiple en cinco sistemas de salud latinoamericanos mediante el número de pacientes atendidos, hospitalizaciones y muertes específicas, por grupo de edad.
Utilizando registros específicos codificados por CIE-10: C90 de bases de datos de los Sistemas Nacionales de Salud de Argentina, Colombia, Perú, Ecuador y Venezuela, obtuvimos y analizamos datos de 2015 (año completo) para pacientes atendidos y hospitalizados estratificados por grupo etario y para muertes específicas.
En 2015, el número total de casos atendidos (prevalencia de casos atendidos) fue: Argentina 1.278 (2.96), Colombia 875 (1.82), Ecuador 311 (1.91), Perú 603 (1.94) y Venezuela 758 (2.48); ≥50 años, representaron en promedio para los cinco países 86.88% (81.94% - 91.83%) del total. Los casos hospitalizados fueron (tasa promedio de hospitalización): Argentina 1.002 (1.31), Colombia 639 (1.51), Ecuador 218 (1.48), Perú 452 (1.52) y Venezuela 559 (1.34); en promedio ≥50 años, representaron 86.21% (80.12%-92.29%) del total. La hospitalización de ≥ 60 años vs. 50-59 años (62.86% [53.20% - 72.52%] vs. 23.35% [18.67%-28.03%]) aumentó ~2.7 veces, y esta población (≥ 60 años) se espera aumente ~41% para 2025. La tasa de mortalidad promedio fue 1.28 [0.82-2.62]. El mieloma múltiple representa una carga para la salud de los adultos mayores y los sistemas de salud, y se espera aumente conforme envejece la población.
River Nworie in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria: A Public Health Hazard
Authors: Acholonu Alex
Published: December 2022

Nworie River is a river that traverses Owerri City, the capital of Imo State, Nigeria. It is of intense use by residents of Owerri and industries in its vicinity. This results in the discharge of various contaminants into it and thereby making it a health hazard, especially for people of low economic status who use it for drinking when public water supply fails. A previous study clearly established that Nworie River was facing substantial organic pollution. The purpose of this study was to reassess the pollution status of the river. During the month of May 2014, water samples were collected from Nworie River from three sites about 50 meters apart. The water was tested physically, chemically, and biologically using LaMotte pollution test kits and Carolina bacterial pollution of water kit. Of the 12 chemical parameters tested, alkalinity, carbon dioxide, and phosphorus exceeded the Mississippi Water Quality Criteria/ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)/ WHO water quality standards while dissolved oxygen was low. Microbial pollution was evident from the coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli found. Based on the physical, chemical, and biological test results, the river was polluted and not potable. Dredging of the river that was started several years ago appears to have been abandoned and has rendered the water more polluted with the raking up of the pollutants that settled at the bottom of the river and may have caused the resurgence of water-borne disease agents. It is strongly recommended that the dredging be completed and the water quality improved in the interest of human health.
Bio stimulation of indigenous microorganisms with Gomeya: a bioremediation technique
Authors: Anuoluwa I. , Ogunjobi A.
Published: December 2022

The burden of heavy metals in the environment can be reduced using organic amendment stimulated bacterial remediation. This study employed cattle manure slurry stimulated bacterial inoculum to treat heavy metals-contaminated soil. Samples of contaminated soil and cattle manure were collected from the area surrounding a steel rolling mill and a commercial animal pen respectively. Bacteria were isolated using pour plate technique; identified using various biochemical tests and screened for resistance to heavy metal salts by incorporating heavy metal salts into agar plates. The contaminated soil and manure slurry were analysed for heavy metals and then sterilised separately. Five kilogram of the sterilised contaminated soil was weighed and mixed with 100g of sterilized cow dung slurry and aseptically packed into plastic nursery bags. Bacterial samples showing high tolerance to heavy metal salts were introduced into the bags singly and as a consortium for bioremediation exercise. Thirty-six bacterial isolates were obtained from the contaminated soil. Chemical analysis revealed that the soil was heavily contaminated especially with lead and chromium with concentrations of 1505.1-2333.6 and 1526.0-1678.7 mg/kg, respectively. Alcaligenes faecalis, Pseudomonas azotoformans and Bacillus mycoides exhibited high tolerance to heavy metals salt and were selected for bioremediation. Post bioremediation analysis of the soil samples revealed a reduction in the concentration of heavy metals concentration with major reduction in the concentration of chromium in groups treated with P. azotoformans. Biostimulation of microorganisms with organic amendment effectively remediated heavy metals contaminated soil and can be employed in the treatment of such contaminated environments.
The Potential Benefit of Mouthwashes in Reducing COVID-19 Viral Load: A Mini Review
Authors: Jaiyesimi Rotimi , Oyeniyi Olugbenga , Bosun-Arije Foluke
Published: December 2022

Scientists throughout the world are searching for a lasting solution in the form of a vaccine or a drug that could be used to combat COVID-19 infections. A number of studies have proposed the antiviral efficacy of mouthwashes across a different population. Research has shown over the years that active ingredients present in commercially available mouthwash are potent enough to damage viruses, particularly those with the lipid envelope, rendering them harmless. This paper reviews the effect of mouthwashes on few viruses, including those possibly linked to SARS-COV-2. The aim is to provide evidence on the potential benefit of mouthwashes in reducing viral load and pool together the impact of various mouthwashes in managing individuals diagnosed with viral infections. We searched academic, English-scripted paper published between 1995 and June 2020 on PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, WHO and the Cochrane Library databases. Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility and quality of the retrieved papers using the Jadad scale. Result showed there were evidences indicating that the benefits of mouthwashes to viral infections might be transferrable to COVID-19. However, future trials are recommended to establish the benefits of mouthwashes in reducing the burden of COVID-19.
Research And Innovation For Sustainable Development In Africa
Authors: Hamdi Ahmed
Published: December 2022

Agenda 2063 is the continental framework that projects transition of the continent from resource based economy to innovation-led knowledge driven economy portrayed an array of polices, strategies and frameworks among of which the African Union Science and Technology Strategy for Africa 2024. This was developed by High Level Panel consist of experts both within and outside the continent, the strategy was built on the experiences accumulated during the implementation of Africa’s Science and Technology Consolidated Plan of Action in addressing the international STI challenges and to respond to the mission of the AU Agenda 2063. The output of the panel comprise regional consultations and inputs of the stakeholders gave an impetus to the Science, Technology and Innovation for Africa Strategy (STIAS 2024) that was subsequently endorsed by the African Union Head of States and Governments. Similar to any regional Strategy STISA 2024 has its challenge to be adopted; integrated and implemented at all AU levels i.e. at the level of Member States, Regional Economic Communities and the Continent. In this regards, the African Union Scientific, Technical Research Commission (AU-STRC) took the responsibility to identify the institutional and policy gaps in all AU levels to ensure STISA’s successful implementation. Using finite element analysis and problem tree methodology and taking into cognizance STASA output/objectives as the boundary conditions for the analysis leads to the identification of policies and institutional gaps that may exist in our Member States. This article is to highlight these gaps and to encourage the leading STI African Countries to champion the transition of the Africa’s economy by utilizing Science Technology and Innovation.
Salt Intake, Salt Sensitivity and Hypertension in Nigerians: An Overview.
Authors: Sofola Soga
Published: December 2022

It is widely recognized that a high dietary intake of salt can result in hypertension and various studies have confirmed this link. Epidemiological studies have shown that communities that consume large amounts of salt in their diet have a high incidence of hypertension. Studies in experimental animals show that giving high salt in the diet can result in high blood pressure. Some of the mechanisms responsible for this observation include enhanced constriction response as well as reduced relaxation of resistance vessels. There also appears to be sexual dimorphism in the responses. In humans, our experiments have reported elevated blood pressure in response to oral salt loading and this elevation or Salt Sensitivity may be related to increased salt retention. Some suggestions include genetic defect in the renal tubules in the handling of sodium ions, due to mutation in the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC), which is common in blacks. Our studies with the drug, amiloride that blocks ENaC tend to confirm this, as well as experiments that test sympathetic nervous system mechanisms by the Cold Pressor Test (CPT) which confirm vascular hyperreactivity. Subsequently we hope to conclude genetic studies on ENaC polymorphism and mutations in our subjects. The eventual goal is the development of screening mechanisms to identify individuals that are salt sensitive and so advise on dietary salt restriction in order to reduce the incidence of hypertension
Application of Mobile Technology in Community Transmission Surveillance for 2020 Corona Virus Disease
Authors: Ukpong Iniodu , Etim Susan , Ana Prince
Published: December 2022

The corona virus disease (COVID-19) outbreak reached community transmission scenario in Nigeria less than 2 months from its first case on 27thFebruary 2020; a scenario which requires aggressive and effective contact tracing, identification, monitoring and reporting of disease trend. Surveillance is one of the working strategies in responding to community spread. Currently the COVID-19 community spread response mechanism relies on contact tracing and community testing, requiring a huge testing capacity, and its coverage is bound to be undermined by the lack of accessibility to the typical rural Nigerians. Massive testing is currently threatened by the short supply of test kits reported globally, inadequate trained manpower and limited molecular laboratories and testing centers, which cause delay in sample certification. This paints a picture of a massive unreached population in our communities and a predictable escalation of community transmission due to non- or untimely identification, isolation and management of cases. These gaps could be closed by the application of an appropriate tool that engages remote and real-time functions into the process. This article documents the feasibility of employing the mobile telephone opportunities for community transmission monitoring and case reporting of 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, with crowdsourcing and whistle-blowing effects; as an effective alternative to indefinite single case recording and unidirectional contact tracing.
Plasma Arc Gasification for Waste Management and Sustainable Renewable Clean Energy Generalization
Authors: Anyaegbunam Felix
Published: December 2022

Plasma gasification in waste to energy is one of the novel applications that were introduced many years ago. Landfill sites and incineration continue to be the primary methods used to dispose wastes with significant negative impact on the environment. Landfill releases methane which is 21 times more dangerous as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Incineration is often pushed as an alternative to land filling. However, it is a known fact that incinerator ashes are contaminated with heavy metals, unburned chemicals and new chemicals formed during the burning process. These ashes are then buried in landfill or dumped in the environment. Rather than making waste disappear, incinerators create more toxic waste that pose a significant threat to public health and the environment. Sustainable and successful treatment of MSW should be safe, effective, and environmentally friendly. In this application, plasma arc gasifies the carbon-containing materials in the waste to produce synthesis gas (syngas) composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which can be used to produce energy through reciprocating engine generators - gas turbines and steam boilers in integrated gasification combine circle (IGCC), and/or liquid fuels. The in-organic waste materials are vitrified and runs out of the vessel’s bottom as glass-like slag and reusable metal. The double benefit of waste management and energy production is realized from plasma gasification process
Africa And Cancer: Preparing For The Next Epidemic
Authors: Adewole Isaac
Published: December 2022

It is my singular honour to deliver this guest lecture to a distinguished audience under the auspices of the Nigerian Academy of Science (NAS). Essentially tagged first quarter lecture in 2012, it can be likened to a state of the Union Address to the nation through NAS. I am proud to be a fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science (NAS), the foremost scientific organization in Nigeria with the aim of promoting the growth, acquisition, and dissemination of scientific knowledge and to facilitate its use in solving of major problems of national interest. I am also aware that our President is likely, Dr. Goodluck Jonathan, GCFR, to assume office as the next Chair of the African Union and have taken the liberty as President of the African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer (AORTIC) to deliver a sermon on Cancer to Africa on this occasion. I thank the President, Prof Oye Ibidapo-Obe FAS,and the entire fellows of the Academy for the honour bestowed on me. I also thank my Chairman, Chief Wole Olanipekun SAN, who graciously accepted to chair this occasion at such notice despite his busy schedule. Africa is the world’s second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. Africa with a landmass of about 30.2 million km2 (11.7 million sq mi) including adjacent islands, covers 6% of the Earth’s total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area. With 1.0 billion people in 65 territories (including 54 recognized states), it accounts for about 14.72% of the world’s human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Africa straddles the equator and encompasses numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the northern temperate to southern temperate zone. Africa’s population is relatively young but has rapidly increased over the last 40 years. In some African states, half or more of the population is under 25 years of age. The total number of people in Africa grew from 221 million in 1950 to 1 billion in 2009.
Modelling Transition From Normal To Epileptic Eeg Signals: A Neuron-Astrocyte Mass Action Approach
Authors: Agboola H. , Solebo C. , Aribike D. , Lesi F. , Susu Alfred
Published: December 2022

Epileptic seizures occur intermittently as a result of complex dynamical interactions among many regions of the brain. The sudden and apparently unpredictable nature of refractory seizures is one of the most disabling aspects of the disease. Therefore, there is need for interdisciplinary research efforts directed at better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the emergence of epileptic seizures. Our research objective in this field is the use of applied methods from deterministic and nondeterministic dynamical systems modeling to study epilepsy. Dynamical systems refer to systems whose state variables evolve in time. By the assumption of deterministic system,the physiological system (the brain) can be treated as low dimensional without any random components. Nondeterministic assumption on the other hand allows randomness in some input components. We developed at the macroscopic level physiologically based mathematical models of parts of the brain believed to be eliciting the abnormal signals observed during Generalized Absence Epilepsy (GAE) and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). In developing our models, we considered the activities of nerve cells, the surrounding astrocyte cells and the dynamics of extracellular neurotransmitters and conducted parameter sensitivity studies on our models. The models were then validated using Electroencephalogram (EEG) data of epileptic patients. The important conclusion from our findings is that the transition from normal to epileptic brain activity is critically dependent on small variations in few system parameters and/or the balance between a small number of system parameters, be it neural or astrocytes activity dependent
Amelioration Of Doxorubicin-Induced Liver And Kidney Toxicities By Nicorandil Alone And Co-Administered With Prednisolone And Diltiazem
Authors: Akindele Abidemi , Amagon Kennedy , Ejundayo Gboyega , Singh Dhrendra , Osiagu Daniel
Published: December 2022

Antineoplastic agents are widely used in cancer chemotherapy, despite causing organ toxicity. This study was conducted to investigate the ameliorative properties of nicorandil alone and co-administered with prednisolone and diltiazem on doxorubicin-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicities in rats. Seventy female Wistar rats were treated for 16 days as follows: GI: normal saline (10 ml/kg; normal control); GII: normal saline (doxorubicin control); GIII: gallic acid (200 mg/kg); GIV-VI: nicorandil (0.22, 0.43 and 0.86 mg/kg respectively); GVII: diltiazem (3.43 mg/kg); GVIII: diltiazem + nicorandil (0.43 mg/kg); IX: prednisolone (0.57 mg/kg); and GX: prednisolone + nicorandil (0.43 mg/kg). Doxorubicin (40 mg/kg) was administered on day 14 i.p. to animals in GII-X. Nicorandil significantly (p<0.05) decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), renal creatinine, renal and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased hepatic and renal catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), compared to those administered doxorubicin alone. Co-administration of nicorandil with prednisolone and diltiazem significantly increased catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase, and decreased malondialdehyde, compared with the doxorubicin-only group. In conclusion, nicorandil decreased renal and hepatic markers of injury and increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Co-administration with the calcium channel blocker/phospholipase A2 inhibitor did not elicit superior protective effect.
The Effect of Mixing Recirculated Flue Gas with Primary or Secondary Air during Biomass Combustion in Grate-Firing Boiler as the Primary Measure for NOx Reduction
Authors: JOMANTAS Giedrius , BUINEVIČIUS Kęstutis
Published: December 2022

Due to the pollutant regulations of the Directive (EU) 2015/2193, the need to reduce the emissions of pollutant compounds such as NOx is of a great importance for industrial boilers. This study was performed to determine the effect of primary measures in reducing said pollutants by mixing primary or secondary air with FGR and supplying the mixture for combustion. The studies were conducted on low-scale industrial biomass grate-firing furnace and boiler stand of 25 kW. Sunflower husk pellets, shredded pine bark and wood pellets were combusted during these experiments and emissions of NOx in their combustion products were analyzed. The most significant reduction of emissions was achieved by mixing primary air and FGR and supplying it to the primary combustion zone – under the grate. The emissions of NOx were reduced by 29% and 15% for shredded pine bark and sunflower husk pellets respectively. The emissions of shredded pine bark were reduced enough to meet the standards of the EU Directive, unlike those of sunflower husk pellets. The possible ways to reach greater reduction of NOx by using primary measures are implementing staged combustion, supplying pure FGR and/or mixing agriculture waste with fuels containing less N in its composition.
Long-run Growth Rates in Discounted Cash Flow Models
Authors: Cornell Bradford , Gerger Richard
Published: December 2022

Long-run growth rates play a central role in all discounted cash flow models. This is true whether the goal is to estimate the value of a company or to estimate the cost of equity. It is well recognized as a matter of mathematics—although not always incorporated into practice—that the long-run expected growth rate cannot exceed the growth rate of the aggregate economy. What is less widely appreciated is that as an empirical matter the long-run growth rates for existing companies (that is, companies that are being appraised or whose cost of equity is being estimated) are almost certain to be less than the growth rate of the aggregate economy. Based on analysis of net dilution from 1926 to 2017, a more reasonable approximation for the average long-run growth of existing companies is approximately two percentage points less than the expected nominal growth rate of GDP.
Das Mißverständnis der Liebe. Gedanken zu den Weken von Monika Maron.
Authors: Niebergall Ulla
Published: December 2022

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Her Imperial Eyes: A Reading of Mary Wollstonecraft's Letters Written during a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway and Denmark
Authors: Granqvist Raoul
Published: December 2022

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Zur Lexik betriebswirtschaftswissenschaftlicher Fachtexte: Verben - Frequenz und Verwendungsweise
Authors: Kjär Uwe
Published: December 2022

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¿Existe 'el español americano'? (2)
Authors: Silva-Corvalán Carmen
Published: December 2022

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Folke Freund & Birger Sundqvist & Peter Hällgren, Tysk gymnasiegrammatik und Övningsbok
Authors: Dentler Sigrid , Haglund-Dragi´c Monica
Published: December 2022

Review Article
Stress Shift in English Disyllabic Prefixed Noun/Verb Pairs
Authors: Svensson Ann-Marie
Published: December 2022

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Reviews and notices
Authors: Aijmer Karin , Bowen Rhonwen , Donovan Stephen , Malm Monica , Paul Ronald , Packalén Sture , Neuhaus Stefan , Dentler Sigrid , Freund Folke , Sundqvist Birger , Rosengren Per , Rossiello Leonardo
Published: December 2022

Includes the following reviews:

pp. 229-230. Karin Aijmer. Wales, K., Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English.

pp. 230-231. Rhonwen Bowen. Kuiper, K. & Scott Allan, W., An Introduction to English Language.

pp. 231-233. Stephen Donovan. Eagleton, T., The Illusions of Postmodernism.

p. 233. Monica Malm. Krontiris, T., Oppositional Voices : Women as Writers and Translators of Literature.

p. 234. Ronald Paul. Haywood, I. (ed.), The Literature of Struggle: an anthology of Chartist Literature.

p. 235. Sture Packalén. Schmidt, J., Quellenlexikon zur deutschen Literaturgeschichte.

p. 236. Stefan Neuhaus. Loest, E., Als wir in den Westen kamen. 

pp. 236-238. Sigrid Dentler. Önnefors, O., Verb-erst-Deklarativsätze.

pp. 238-239. Folke Freund, Birger Sundqvist. Freund, F. & Sundqvist, B., Zur Rezension von "Tysk gymnasiegrammatik".

pp. 239-240. Per Rosengren, Leonardo Rossiello. Foster, D.W., Literatura española: una antalogía.
Manchester United are my team: On concord with collective nouns
Authors: Levin Magnus
Published: December 2022

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Some English Onomatopoetic Words
Authors: Wrander Nils
Published: December 2022

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Petrified Life or Living Stone? The Problems of Categorisation
Authors: Nyland Astrid J.
Published: December 2022

During archaeological excavations, artefacts are collected, tagged and stored. Based on these, archaeologists interpret peoples’ social identity, relations and even world view. However, a narrow range of ‘natural objects’ are also collected, often if perceived as essentially different from the surrounding gravel or debris ; that is, if odd or beautiful enough to the excavator. Fossilised Sea-urchins ( Echinoidea ) are such objects and have been recovered from hunter-gatherer-fisher coastal sites dated to Mesolithic and Neolithic. They are predominantly found in refuse layers and floor contexts. In this brief article, based on finds of fossils at recent excavations in Rogaland county, Norway, the fossils are considered as illustrative of the fluidity and transformability of life in a Mesolithic ontology that avoids the separation of nature and culture. Hence, life is stone, and stone is life. Contrasting this is the archaeological practice of separating ‘cultural’ from ‘natural’. Does this limit our understanding of life in the Stone Age ?
Picking up the Pieces
Authors: Redmond James , Scheie Eilertsen Krister
Published: December 2022

This article centers on a discussion of blade fragments from two Late Mesolithic assemblages recovered during a recent excavation project in Rogaland, southwest Norway. Analysis undertaken during post excavation cataloging of lithic artefacts suggests some retouched and edge damaged pieces, represent minimally modified tools. The temporal context of the Sola finds offers an opportunity to reorientate research related to the northeast European/‘Post-Swiderian’ technological complex of which such tools were a central component. The studied fragments suggest that the two closely spaced areas may represent specialized, broadly contemporary activity. The results of this preliminary study highlight the latent interpretive potential of this relatively abundant yet somewhat intractable artefact class.
PENGARUH CAPACITY, CAPITAL DAN COLLATERAL TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGEMBALIAN ANGSURAN KREDIT PADA PD. BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT (BPR) NUSA TENGGARA BARAT SUMBAWA
Authors: Usman U , Rachman Rosyidah , Fidayanti Diah
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of capacity, capital and collateral toward the rate of return on installments of financing in PD. BPR NTB Sumbawa. The data used in this study was primary data. The numbers of sample were 27. Technique used to determine sample was non-reliability sampling. The methods of analysis in this study were validity test, reliability of the data, data normality test, autocorrelation test. multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple linear regression test, hypothesis test and test the coefficient of determination (R2). The results of the multiple linear regression test showed that the variable capacity had a positive effect toward the rate of repayment of financing installments with a capacity coefficient of 0.413, the variable capital had a positive effect toward the rate of return on financing installments with a capacity coefficient of 0.533. Collateral variable had a positive effect toward the repayment rate of financing installments with a collateral coefficient of 0.225. The results of the t test of this study indicate that the variable capacity has a significant effect on 0.01<0.05. The variable capacity was significant of 0.01<0.05. Collateral variable was not significant 0.102>0.05. The results of the F test of the Capacity, Capital, and Collateral variables simultaneously had a significant effect toward the repayment rate financing installments in PD. BPR NTB SUMBAWA with a significant level of 0.000<0.05. The coefficient of determination was found in the R square value of 0.792, the independent variable in explaining the dependent variable was 79.2%.
ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI SEKTOR KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN TERHADAP PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO KABUPATEN SUMBAWA
Authors: Alwasifah Yulistia , Rahayu Sri
Published: December 2022

This study aims to know how much the contribution of the marine and fisheries sector toward the Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) of Sumbawa District. This study was a descriptive. Types of data in this study were quantitative and qualitative. The data sourced used was secondary from 2010 until 2019 which was taken from the Central Bureau of Statistic (BPS) of Sumbawa District and literature related to this study. Data collection methods used were documentation and literature. Data analysis techniques used was contribution analysis. Based on the results of study showed that the contribution of the marine and fisheries sector toward gross regional domestic product if seen from the constant price was of 9.20% per year and from the current price of 8.59% per year. The amount of this contribution will have an impact toward the economy of the Sumbawa District. The higher contribution made, communities’ economy will also increase and in the end it will improve the regional economy of Sumbawa District.