bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Island Construction as an Instrument for the Right to Stay: Case of the Marshall Islands
Authors: Nakayama Mikiyasu , Seru Jennifer , Vila Cheryl , Bilimon Mylast , Fujikura Ryo , Sakamoto Akiko , Sato Mao
Published: January 2025

In this study, we aimed to investigate the prospect of constructing artificial islands as a climate change adaptation strategy for the Marshall Islands. A survey of Marshallese college students revealed a high level of concern about climate change and openness to emigration, particularly among younger people. However, there was also a strong desire to preserve Marshallese culture and way of life. The concept of artificial islands as a way to enable the “right to stay” in the Marshall Islands received mixed reactions. While some see it as a promising solution, others have concerns about safety, environmental impact, and maintaining their traditional lifestyle. We concluded that artificial islands, if carefully planned and implemented, could be part of a comprehensive adaptation strategy that includes international financial assistance, vocational training, and efforts to secure rights for Marshallese emigrants. Further research is needed to assess the feasibility and impacts of artificial islands, and the international community has a role to play in supporting such efforts.
SPE Delta Section: A Study of the Role of Oil in World War II and Its Strategic Impact
Authors: Duhon Howard , Richards Tony
Published: February 2025

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In August 1944, the Third Army under George Smith Patton Jr. was forced to a standstill near the German border due a shortage of fuel.

In October 1942, German General Erwin Rommel was advancing through Egypt with the Middle Eastern oil fields “in sight” when he ran out of fuel near Cairo.

Patton was refueled in time to resume his advance. Rommel was not refueled in time. He lost his strategic advantage, and he lost the key battle of El Alamein.

In World War II (WW2), for the first time, the major armies’ frontline striking forces were completely or mostly mechanized. These armies ran on oil. Both the Allies and the Axis powers struggled at times to provide fuel to their armies, air forces, and navies, but the struggles were very different.

Fig. 1 illustrates the oil production rates of various countries in 1940. The US was the dominant oil producer by far: 4,000 KBOPD (thousand BOPD), over 60% of worldwide production. The US supplied most of the fuel used by the Allied countries in WW2. The challenge was to get that fuel to war fronts in Europe, Africa, and Asia.

The Axis powers had little or no production:

- Germany—10 KBOPD

- Italy—0 KBOPD

- Japan—7 KBOPD

Germany employed several strategies to secure and conserve fuel as discussed below. Japan also employed multiple strategies including taking control of the Dutch East Indies and other oil-producing countries by force.

SPE Delta Section (New Orleans) Prepares for ATCE

The “Oil in WW2” study was conducted to coincide with the 2024 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in New Orleans. From November 2023 until July 2024, the authors led a small team that conducted the study. The study is presented in a series of 17 freestanding panels, each 3×7.5-ft, printed on front and back (Fig. 2).

Blitzkreig With Horses

From September 1939 to June 1940 Germany defeated 10 countries. Their method of attack was termed blitzkrieg (“lightning war”). Mechanized tank divisions supported by overwhelming tactical air power made them seem invincible.

What is not as well-known is what happened behind the German lines. Tanks plowed ahead at 100 to 200 miles per day. The infantry walked 10 to 20 miles per day. And supplies, other than fuel, were delivered to the front via horse-drawn wagon at a similar speed (Fig. 3). In WW1 the German army used 1.5 million horses; in WW2 the Germans used twice as many horses.

The use of horses was necessary because Germany did not have enough trucks to deliver supplies, and even if they had, they would not have had enough fuel to run them.
New Approach in Gas-Condensate Fields Results in Smart Sand Management
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: February 2025

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper URTeC 4044415, “New Approach for Well-Cleanup and Well-Testing Operations in High-Rate Gas-Condensate Fields Resulting in Smart Sand-Management System,” by Luis Perez, Chris Denton, and Mackenzie Ferrin, SOS Sand Technology, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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The authors’ objective is to provide robust completion strategies for the Middle East’s high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) gas wells, focusing on well-testing operations that require extreme solutions for solids separation, fluid recovery, sour service, and efficient well cleanup. This study evaluates flowback operations across various well-cleanup scenarios. It introduces a cleanup and flowback-testing approach incorporating advanced solids separation technology, portability, equipment automation, improved metallurgy, and enhanced operational safety standards.

Description of Current System

Emergency Shutdown Valve (ESD).

The fluid mixture from both the wellbore and reservoir flows into the production tubing, proceeding through the production wellhead’s flow wing valve and subsequently through a 10,000-psig ESD valve. Mounted atop the flow wing valve, the ESD valve is hydraulically actuated and protects the downstream facility infrastructure.

Sand Management System (SMS).

The SMS effectively segregates solid particles from the production fluids and consists of two primary modules: the desander vessel (primary stage) and the wellhead filter (secondary stage) (Fig. 1). The functionalities of the two components are detailed in the complete paper.

Desander Vessel.

Engineered with a single cyclonic device coupled with a solids accumulator at the bottom, the desander vessel facilitates the separation of gas, oil, water, and solids. Production fluids are introduced tangentially at high pressure, leading to centrifugal separation. Gaseous components are extracted through the top vortex finder, while denser liquid phases progress to the cyclone’s narrowing section. Here, velocity increases because of centrifugal forces that segregate solids from liquids. The solids adhere to the vessel wall and fall into the accumulator. Simultaneously, gas and liquid components converge centrally and ascend through the overflow. The accumulator uses a flushing mechanism, executed every 2 hours, to mobilize and evacuate solids from the system.

Wellhead Filter.

Strategically positioned downstream of the desander, the wellhead filter captures residual solids to prevent choke erosion. It uses a dual-pod arrangement, with each pod containing a pair of wedge wire filter elements capable of eliminating 95% of well-produced solids. These 100-μm mesh filters process flows from the inside out, allowing the filtered sand to accumulate at the vessel’s base. Maintenance involves periodic isolation, depressurization, and purging of sand. The filter system features a dual capacity, allowing for independent flushing and manual operation of all connecting valves.
Advanced Ultradeep Azimuthal Resistivity Tools Increase Well-Placement Efficiency
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: February 2025

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 222993, “Multilayer Reservoir Mapping in Low-Resistivity, Low-Contrast Clastic Reservoir Using Integration of Ultradeep Azimuthal Resistivity 1D and 3D Inversions,” by Ayman El-Khamry, SPE, Saudi Aramco, and Ahmed Taher, SPE, and Mohamed Fouda, SPE, Halliburton, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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The use of modern ultradeep azimuthal resistivity (UDAR) tools, along with other logging-while-drilling (LWD) sensors, increases horizontal well‑placement efficiency, improving net‑to‑gross (NTG) and maximizing reservoir contact. The depth of investigation (DOI) of electromagnetic (EM) resistivity-based technologies depends on multiple factors. The performance of EM resistivity tools in very low-resistivity formations has remained a challenge, limiting the signal propagation and, thus, the DOI. The complete paper presents a novel workflow for using EM resistivity‑based reservoir-mapping LWD technologies for successful well placement and multilayer mapping in very‑low‑resistivity, low‑contrast, and thinly laminated clastic reservoirs.

Introduction

One of the main challenges for successful well-placement operations is the ability to resolve boundaries that are further away from the horizontal wellbore or that feature a poor contrast in resistivity values from surrounding layers. During the past two decades, azimuthal resistivity tools designs and EM signal-inversion algorithms have evolved to address this challenge. Ultradeep resistivity tools have been developed and have achieved successful mapping of boundaries up to 225 ft from the wellbore in a high-resistivity, high-contrast environment. As with previous EM resistivity tool designs, transmitter antennae emit EM waves into the surrounding formations, which are then detected by multiple receivers placed at different spacings from the transmitter. While the wider transmitter/receiver spacings are used to acquire measurements deeper into the formation, the shorter and narrower spacings provide signals enabling closer boundary mapping at higher resolutions. The signals also are transmitted at multiple EM-wave frequencies; these different signals are then fed into advanced inversion algorithms to detect multiple resistivity boundaries at a distance from the wellbore. Fig. 1 shows a horizontal well using UDAR 3D inversion in a complex clastic reservoir.

The Resistivity Challenge

EM resistivity measures the change in phase angle or signal attenuation, which is transformed to a resistivity measurement. In a high-resistivity formation, the change in the phase angle is minimal, which imposes a significant challenge for resolving changes in resistivity. For reservoir-mapping tools, this would result in difficulty in mapping different boundaries of high‑resistivity ranges. For deep resistivity tools, this can be resolved by using an additional high-frequency measurement to improve multilayer inversion.
Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: A Strategic Approach Using Clustering and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques
Authors: V kamala , R Arun Kalayana Raman , R Harshene
Published: January 2025

The strategic placement of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs) plays a vital role in developing the electric vehicle (EV) industry by ensuring accessibility and efficiency. However, selecting optimal EVCS locations is a complex, uncertainty-embedded multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem involving both quantitative and qualitative factors. This study proposes a comprehensive methodology to enhance EVCS distribution by minimizing the average distance between charging stations, increasing EVCS density, and improving their integration with public facilities. The research focuses on central Chennai and its surrounding suburban areas. The methodology involves identifying existing EVCS locations, analyzing their spatial distribution, and detecting gaps in coverage. Cluster Analysis is applied to group proposed EVCS locations based on spatial proximity, with the optimal number of clusters determined using the Silhouette Score and Davies Bouldin Index. Selection criteria for EVCS placement are established using expert opinions and data collection, and their relative importance is computed using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) is then used to select the most suitable EVCS locations within each cluster. The findings reveal an 11.12% reduction in the average distance between charging stations, a 55.56% increase in EVCS density, and a 22% improvement in the integration of EVCS with public facilities. This integrated approach ensures a balanced and well-distributed EVCS network, effectively addressing the current infrastructure challenges in the study area.
The incidence and risk factors of pulmonary embolism after cardiac surgery: A retrospective nationwide inpatient sample database study
Authors: Zheng Lili , Cao Xianghua , Li Jianwen , Wang Xiao , Tu Bingquan , Ren Yongxiang , Li Xueping , Liu Wengui
Published: January 2025

Background
Cardiac surgery is associated with a significant risk of postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE), a life-threatening complication. This study sought to evaluate the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of PE following cardiac procedures in the United States.
Methods
Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample database, we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 2010 and 2019. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify patient- and hospital-level factors associated with PE. Clinical outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and total charges, were also assessed.
Results
The incidence of PE following cardiac surgery increased from 0.6% in 2010 to 2.9% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Significant risk factors included female sex (OR: 1.123), Black race (OR: 1.108), a higher comorbidity burden (OR: 3.780 for  ≥ 3 comorbidities), Medicaid insurance coverage, and admission to larger or teaching hospitals. Patients who developed PE experienced significantly higher in-hospital mortality (16.2% vs. 5.5%, p < 0.001), longer hospital stays (median 15.08 vs. 7.63 days, p < 0.001), and increased total charges ($213,725 vs. $119,436, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
This large-scale analysis reveals a concerning rise in the incidence of PE following cardiac surgery over the past decade. Identifying high-risk patient profiles and associated risk factors can guide targeted prevention strategies and optimize perioperative management to mitigate the substantial clinical and economic burden of this serious complication.
Combination Anti-Retroviral Therapy (cART) Prescription Patterns and Their Efficacy in Suppressing HIV Viral Load among HIV-1 Positive Patients in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia.
Authors: Gebrehiwot Gebrecherkos Teame , Gebregiorgis Gebreselama Gebreyohannes , Gebremedhin Mulugeta Tilahun , Teka Ataklti Gessesse , Bayrau Hayelom Kahsay , Teklu Gebremicheal Gebreegziabher , Hiben Mebrahtom Gebrelibanos , Gebru Goitom Gebremedhn , Kidane Kibriti Mehari , Bidre Haileselassie Bisrat , Alemu Goitom Yisfa , Chokole Mebrahatu Kalayu , Abay Kebede Araya , Tsegay Etsay Weldekidan
Published: January 2025

Background: No data is available on combination therapy prescription patterns and their viral load suppression efficacy. This study assessed Anti-Retroviral Therapy prescription patterns and their virological efficacy in achieving HIV-1 viral suppression.
Methods: Data was retrospectively extracted using a standardized checklist; entered into and cleaned in SPSS version 25 before analysis. Pearson's χ² assessed associations between factors and categorical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression identified factors influencing virological suppression at each time point. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.
Results: High utilization of first-line regimens (91.1%) and strong adherence (73.3%) were seen in this analysis of 7,689 HIV-1 ART users (mean age 43, 64.4% female). Current use was dominated by 1J (53.8%), with initial regimens consisting of 1c (32.9%), 1e (32.1%), and 1a (21.6%). The virological suppression rate was greater in females (92.7%) than males (87.5%). Female sex, younger age, longer ART duration, earlier disease stage, adherence, follow-up, CD4 levels, and regimen switching were among the factors associated with suppression.
Conclusion: Female sex, younger age, longer ART duration, earlier disease stage, strong adherence, continuous follow-up, higher CD4 counts, and particular regimens were all associated with favorable virological outcomes. Certain regimens and a lower baseline viral load were also linked to suppression in youngsters. With an emphasis on improving outcomes for males and those with advanced disease, our data highlight consistent ART access and adherence. In order to further enhance treatment results and lower transmission, they additionally emphasize the necessity of prompt regimen modifications and genomic surveillance.
Оценка эффективности наружного перкуссионного и виброакустического массажа грудной клетки при респираторной реабилитации у кардиохирургических пациентов: рандомизированное контролируемое исследование
Authors: Еременко Александр Анатольевич , Зюляева Т. П. , Алферова А. П. , Фомина Д. В. , Грекова М. С. , Гринь О. О. , Дмитриева С. C. , Попов С. О.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory rehabilitation used for cardiac surgery patients with impaired sputum evacuation, is an important aspect of the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the external percussion and vibroacoustic chest massage, against of the planned incentive spirometry in the early postoperative period of cardiosurgery patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized prospective study included 90 patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery. Vibroacoustic lung massage (VLM) was performed with “VibroLUNG”in the 1st group (30 patients), high-frequency percussion of the chest followed by the intermittent airway pressure (HFP+IP) with “Comfort Cough Plus” devise was performed in the 2nd group (30 patients). Procedures started 10–12 hours after trachea extubation and were performed 3 times a day during 3 days after surgery. A control group included 30 patients in whom incentive spirometry was used. The following parameters were measured on the 1st and 3rd days: SpO2 (on room air) and volumetric parameters using bedside spirometry. RESULTS: VLM improved sputum clearance, increased mean SpO2 by 4 % (p < 0.001), reduces the number of patients with low MIC (maximal inspiratory capacity < 1200 ml) by 3.6 times (p = 0.004) and increase mean VC (Vital Capacity) by 432 ml (p = 0.034). HFP-IP increased mean SpO2 by 4.5 % (p < 0.001), decreased the number of patients with MIC ≤ 1200 ml by 5.7 times (p = 0.002), and increase mean VC by 574 ml (p = 0.016). In the control group no significant changes were noted. Respiratory rehabilitation decreased the number of the patients with radiological signs of hypoventilation: in the group of VLM by 7.33 times (p < 0.001), and in the group of HFP+IP by 6.48 times (p = 0.001). СONCLUSIONS: Methods of mechanical impact on the chest wall during postoperative rehabilitation of cardiosurgical patients are safe. They have a positive effect on the bronchopulmonary clearance and significant advantages over the control in their effect of sputum clearance, gas exchange, respiratory function and Xray signs of hypoventilation.
Evaluation of the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Malva sylvestris leaves extract
Authors: Moualek Idir , Benarab Karima , Houalı Karim
Published: January 2025

The primary aim of this research endeavor was to thoroughly evaluate and explore the potential anti-inflammatory properties exhibited by leaf extracts obtained from the Malva sylvestris plant species. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory capabilities, a comprehensive set of in vitro experimental procedures was carried out to meticulously examine and gauge the extract's efficacy to stabilize human erythrocyte cell membranes under various stressful conditions, including exposure to varying concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), elevated temperatures, and oxidation induced by hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Additionally, the extract's potential to inhibit the denaturation of albumin, a process linked to inflammation, was evaluated. The findings revealed that the aqueous Malva sylvestris leaf extract exhibited notable anti-inflammatory properties by protecting red blood cell membranes from disruption caused by hypotonic NaCl solutions, heat stress, and oxidative damage from HOCl. These results suggest that the extract possesses significant anti-inflammatory potential and could be utilized as a natural remedy to mitigate inflammatory processes within the body. In summary, the aqueous extract derived from Malva sylvestris leaves demonstrated remarkable anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, making it a promising candidate for further exploration and potential therapeutic applications in the management of inflammatory conditions.
Chemical composition and cytotoxicity of Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) franco essential oils
Authors: Akinola Precious O. , Akande Akinsola , Aboaba Sherifat
Published: January 2025

The Norfolk Island pine, Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco (Araucariaceae), is a plant that exhibits several pharmacological potentials. Essential oils (EOs) from the plant’s fresh stem bark (FRS) and dry stem bark (DRS) were hydrodistilled in an all-glass Clevenger apparatus and further characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Using Artemia salina eggs hatched in sea water, the brine shrimp lethality assay was carried out for toxicity. The FRS and DRS yielded 0.33% and 0.29% EOs, respectively, constituting 48 and 42 compounds, representing 94.38% and 84.30% of the total oil fractions. The classes of compounds identified in the FRS and DRS EOs, respectively, include sesquiterpenes (40.8% and 41.36%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (34.93% and 34.22%), oxygenated monoterpenes (11.58% and 2.84%), diterpenes (3.39% and 2.85%), oxygenated diterpenes (3.68% and 2.29%), and oxygenated triterpenes (0.74%, only in the DRS). The major constituents in the FRS EOs are spathulenol (12.12%), germacrene B (10.63%), dihydroedulan I (10.23%), γ-cadinene (6.90%), (-)-globulol(4.67%), aromadendrene (3.62%) and copaene (3.34%) while spathulenol (16.13%), germacrene B (10.37%), aromadendrene (4.93%), copaene (3.54%), β-panasinsene (3.06%) and guaiol (2.99%) majorly constitute the DRS oil. Constituents common and as well dominant in the two EOs include Spathulenol, Germacrene B, Aromadendrene and Copaene. The result of the cytotoxicity analysis showed that both the fresh and dry essential oils have LC50 of 10 ppm. A LC50<100 ppm indicates high toxicity, thus, the EOs possess significant cytotoxicity against A. salina.
Comprehensive analysis of antibacterial and antioxidant properties in Calotropis gigantean leaf extracts
Authors: Umar Khan Hazqail , Cholistani Muhammad Shahid , Iqbal Eliza , Kareem Kashif , Kashif Zahoor Hafiz Muhammad , Farhan Muhammad , Ahmad Khan Hafiz Shozab , Bhatti Muhammad Pervaiz , Khan Jallat
Published: January 2025

Calotropis gigantea Linn., commonly known as arka, is a wild tropical plant from the Asclepiadacea family with various medicinal properties. Previous studies have stated its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. For this purpose, leaf extracts of C. gigantea were prepared using a variety of solvents: ethanol, methanol, and n-hexane. For phytochemical bioactive compounds identification LC-MS analysis was performed, and to evaluate antibacterial activity against different gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus muralis) and gram negative (E. coli, Acetobactor rhizospherensis) bacterial strains well diffusion method was applied. Antioxidant activity was observed using ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylenebenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid assay) and DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assa) assays. The LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis revealed that ethanol leaf extract contained the highest number of compounds (14), while a 50% ethanol-methanol mixture had the fewest. In antimicrobial activity tests, methanol leaf extract exhibited the greatest inhibition zone against Bacillus subtilis (8 mm), and n-hexane the smallest (2 mm). Ethanol leaf extract had the highest inhibition against E. coli (9.5 mm), with methanol showing the lowest (4 mm). For Acetobacter rhizopherensis, ethanol extract demonstrated the largest inhibition zone (7.75 mm), while n-hexane showed the smallest (6 mm). Against Bacillus muralis, n-hexane showed the highest inhibition (5.75 mm), and methanol the lowest (3.5 mm). The ABTS assay indicated that ethanol extract had the highest inhibition activity (9.73%), and n-hexane the lowest (5.64%). The DPPH assay revealed that methanol extract had the highest radical remaining activity (99.68%), with n-hexane having the lowest (97.19%). C. gigantea is a prospective source of antioxidant and antibacterial agent.
Some biological activities of Thalictrum minus (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Sevindik Mustafa , Koçer Oğuzhan , Korkmaz Nuh , Yüzbaşıoğlu Mehmet Ali , Uysal İmran
Published: January 2025

Plants are vital natural resources that are used in a wide range of applications. Throughout history, these tools have proven to be valuable assets for individuals. We conducted a study to assess the biological activity of the aerial portions of Thalictrum minus L. In this particular situation, the plant's ethanol and methanol extracts were obtained using Soxhlet equipment. The Rel Assay kits were used to measure the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). The antiproliferative effectiveness against the A549 lung cancer cell line was assessed using the MTT test. The anticholinesterase activity was assessed by measuring the activities of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The plant's ethanol and methanol extracts were analyzed, and their TAS values were determined to be 4.371±0.083 and 4.027±0.081, respectively. The TOS values were determined to be 11.816±0.121 and 13.580±0.176, respectively, whereas the OSI values were determined to be 0.271±0.007 and 0.337±0.009. The antiproliferative activity of the methanol extract of the plant was found to be greater than that of the ethanol extract. The ethanol extract had an anti-AChE value of 58.90±1.41, while the methanol extract had an anti-AChE value of 65.11±1.01. Similarly, the ethanol extract had an anti-BChE value of 72.25±0.79, while the methanol extract had an anti-BChE value of 85.79±0.68. Consequently, it was established that the plant has antioxidant, anticancer, and anticholinesterase properties.
Histopathological evaluation of the effect of microspheres with different natural bioactive components (G. lucidum and I. graveolens) on osteoblastic activity in rats with experimental bone wounds
Authors: Bayırlı Ali Batuhan , Sezgin Serhat , Eren Belgin Ezgi , Tekin Leyla , Çiçek Hüseyin , Demirbaş Ayşegül , Delibalta Cankız Gizem , Yılmaz Fatma
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to analyse the effects of microspheres containing G. lucidum and I. graveolens on bone healing in the alveolar socket after tooth extraction in Wistar rats. In this study, chitosan-coated and uncoated hydrogel microspheres were produced using sodium alginate-gelatine by dispersed phase gelling and crosslinking method in microsphere (MS) production. G. lucidum (GL) and I. graveolens (IG) extracts were entrapped in these microspheres. 126 healthy female rats were randomly divided into 7 different groups. The groups were named according to the microsphere placed in the alveolar socket after extraction. The effects of these microspheres on the healing of the alveolar bone in the groups were evaluated on the 7th day, the 14th day and the 28th day. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to assess bone healing. A statistically significant difference was observed between the negative control group and MS + Chitosan + IG group and between the MS group and MS + Chitosan + IG group in terms of bone formation percentages on the 28th day (p
Anticancer effects of sodium selenate in human neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and melanoma cells
Authors: Dervişoğlu Gökhan
Published: January 2025

Sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) is one of the oxidized inorganic forms of selenium. Effects on cytotoxicity, total antioxidant level, total oxidant level, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity status and its anticancer effect on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma, MCF-7 human breast cancer, and 451Lu human melanoma cells were investigated in this study. Sodium selenate exhibited a highly cytotoxic effect at all concentrations (0.078125 - 10 mg/mL) against SH-SY5Y, MCF-7, and 451Lu cancer cell lines. In addition, sodium selenate reduced the total antioxidant levels, increased the total oxidant levels (except for SH-SY5Y), and induced oxidative stress significantly in SH-SY5Y, MCF-7, and 451Lu cells. However, in agarose gel electrophoresis images, it was observed that sodium selenate did not have any genotoxic effect on SH-SY5Y, MCF-7, and 451Lu cancer cells. Sodium selenate can be used in cancer treatment because of its antioxidant, as well as pro-oxidant and anticancer properties, which depend on the concentrations used.
Coalescing hardcore-boson condensate states with nonzero momentum
Authors: Zhang C.H. , Song Zhi
Published: January 2025

Exceptional points (EPs), as an exclusive feature of a non-Hermitian system, support coalescing states to be alternative stable state beyond the ground state. In this work, we explore the influence of non-Hermitian impurities on the dynamic formation of condensate states in one-, two-, and three-dimensional extended Bose-Hubbard systems with strong on-site interaction. Based on the solution for the hardcore limit, we show exactly that condensate modes with off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) can exist when certain system parameters satisfy specific matching conditions. Under open boundary conditions, the condensate states become coalescing states when the non-Hermitian \mathcal{PT}𝒫𝒯-symmetric boundary gives rise to the EPs. The fundamental mechanism behind this phenomenon is uncovered through analyzing the scattering dynamics of many-particle wavepackets at the non-Hermitian boundaries. The EP dynamics facilitate the dynamic generation of condensate states with non-zero momentum. To further substantiate the theoretical findings, numerical simulations are conducted. This study not only unveils the potential condensation of interacting bosons but also offers an approach for the engineering of condensate states.
Essential fatty acids as major lipid fraction in Nostoc muscorum by optimization of mixotrophic culture
Authors: Mata-Pérez María Guadalupe , Cárdenas-Chávez Diana Linda , Rico Martínez Roberto , Jáuregui-Rincón Juan
Published: February 2025

Linoleic and α-linolenic acids are essential fatty acids for animals and humans that must be provided in their diet. Several sources have been studied, however production by cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum has not been thoroughly studied. We aim to evaluate the effect of mixotrophic culture on biomass and lipid content, and subsequently to characterize and quantify the fatty acids present in N. muscorum. The individual and interactive effects of three culture conditions (glycerol concentration, acetate concentration and culture time) on biomass and lipid production by N. muscorum were investigated through a three factor, three-level Box-Behnken experimental design of response surface methodology for process optimization. Glycerol and acetate addition proved to have a synergetic effect on growth of N. muscorum which caused an increased in biomass and lipid production at tenth day of culture compared to the control culture. Moreover, the fatty acid profile showed a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic (52.64%) and α-linolenic (33.34%), suggesting possible applications for nutraceutical and feed industries.
An information-centric approach to enhance network lifetime in water quality monitoring WSNs
Authors: Abdolabadi Hamid , Khosravian Erfan
Published: January 2025

Efficient sensor operation and extended network lifetime are critical for effective water quality monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Traditional models often neglect the importance of information value, leading to redundant data transmission from low-value sensors and inefficient energy consumption. This study proposes a novel information-centric algorithm that employs Minimum Redundancy, Maximum Information (MIRI) principles to prioritize data collection from high-information sensors. By dynamically assessing the information value at each round, the algorithm strategically selects Cluster Heads (CHs) based on their ability to provide valuable insights while conserving energy. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model achieves an average residual energy of 65% after 1,500 rounds, compared to only 35% in conventional models. Additionally, the algorithm extends individual sensor lifetimes by up to 40%. These findings highlight the effectiveness of an information-centric approach in optimizing WSN performance, thereby facilitating improved efficiency in environmental monitoring applications.
Rozwój literatury audialnej w platformach streamingowych w Polsce w ostatnich 20 latach
Authors: Matusiak Eliza
Published: January 2025

Artykuł został poświęcony literaturze audio wydawanej jako podcasty w formie serii przez platformy streamingowe w Polsce (Storytel i Audiotekę) w perspektywie 20 lat (2004-2024). Badanie osadzone jest w kontekście zwrotu audytywnego współczesnej kultury. Głównym celem badawczym jest sprawdzenie, jak przedstawia się zawartość wskazanych platform pod kątem seriali audio oraz scharakteryzowanie rozwoju produkcji audialnych na przestrzeni 20 lat. Dla osiągnięcia celu zastosowane zostały dwie metody badawcze: analiza zawartości ilościowa, badająca dostępne produkcje pod kątem liczby oraz gatunkowej przynależności publikowanych serii, oraz analiza jakościowa, która obejmuje aspekty rozwoju narracji audio w Polsce.
Edukacja dzieci i etyka skoncentrowana na dobru. Obserwacje na marginesie lektury książki „Świat w lustrze. Dobro może być większe”
Authors: Urych Ilona
Published: January 2025

Artykuł przedstawia analizę treści książki Świat w lustrze. Dobro może być większe autorstwa Zofii Kulińczak, Aleksandry Kulińczak, Katarzyny Kulińczak oraz Cezarego Smuniewskiego, z ilustracjami Anny Kaszuby-Dębskiej. Tekst bada edukacyjne i etyczne walory książki, koncentrując się na jej strukturze narracyjnej oraz artystycznych ilustracjach. Artykuł podkreśla znaczenie otwartej narracji oraz pedagogiki odwróconych ról (parentyfikacja), wskazując, że dobro może pochodzić z niespodziewanych źródeł, niezależnie od pozycji społecznej. Ilustracje odgrywają istotną rolę, wzmacniając emocjonalne przesłanie tekstu. Refleksje teologiczne oraz wieloaspektowe podejście do moralności wzbogacają przesłanie książki, która stanowi cenne narzędzie edukacyjne rozwijające empatię, wyobraźnię oraz zrozumienie dla różnych perspektyw i wartości moralnych. Autorzy wykorzystują metaforę lustra, by ukazać dobro jako wartość, która domaga się odkrywania z różnych perspektyw i zróżnicowanych kontekstach. Książka angażuje młodych odbiorców, rozwijając ich wyobraźnię, empatię oraz zdolność do refleksji nad wartościami etycznymi i społecznymi. Jest to przykład literatury dziecięcej adresowanej również do dorosłych czytelników.
effect of turmeric tamarind drink on pain scale changes in 12th grade female students at Fahd Islamic School Health Vocational High School with primary dysmenorrhea
Authors: Raidanti Dina , Wijayanti Rina , Wahidin Wahidin
Published: February 2025

Each woman experiences menstruation differently. Some undergo menstruation without complaints, while others face discomfort, including dysmenorrhea. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The subjects were divided into two groups: the treatment group and the control group, with both groups undergoing pretest and posttest evaluations. The data collection was conducted at SMK Kesehatan Fahd Islamic School during the 2023 period. A total of 32 female students participated in the study, with 16 students assigned to the treatment group and 16 to the control group. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The instruments included a general data sheet and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain measurement. The general data sheet contained information such as age, age at menarche, menstrual dates, duration of menstruation, menstrual pain, pain duration, family health history, and therapies used. The reliability test results showed a coefficient of 0.820 for the knowledge questionnaire and 0.785 for the attitude questionnaire, indicating that the instruments were reliable. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (p ? 0.05) with SPSS 16 software at a significance level of ? = 0.05.
Edible Film Whey-Gelatin: Lama Gelasi, Solubilitas dan Mikrostruktur dengan Penggabungan Bubuk Teh Hijau
Authors:   Universitas Mataram, Fahrullah Fahrullah , Basriani Basriani ,   Universitas Mataram, Anita Cis ,   Universitas Mataram, Febryanti Farah ,   Universitas Mataram, Fitriyani Fitriyani ,   Universitas Mataram
Published: February 2025

Edible film adalah alternatif ramah lingkungan yang menjanjikan untuk menggantikan bahan kemasan plastik sintetis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh bubuk teh hijau terhadap karakteristik edible film berbasis whey-gelatin. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan: P1 (5%), P2 (10%), dan P3 (15%), masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil menunjukkan penggabungan bubuk teh hijau secara signifikan memengaruhi waktu gelasi dan kelarutan film (P<0,01). Waktu gelasi berkisar antara 9 menit 56 detik hingga 17 menit 32 detik, sementara nilai kelarutan berkisar antara 43,31% hingga 45,87%. Penambahan teh hijau juga memengaruhi mikrostruktur film, memperbaiki fitur permukaan dan memperkuat matriks polimer. Konsentrasi optimal bubuk teh hijau adalah 5%, menghasilkan waktu gelasi lebih singkat (9 menit 56 detik) dengan kelarutan 45,87%. Temuan ini mendukung potensi edible film berbasis whey-gelatin sebagai bahan kemasan ramah lingkungan yang biodegradable.
Optimasi Formula Produk Mi Basah Terfortifikasi Bubuk Spirulina Platensis L. Menggunakan D-Optimal Mixture Design
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Setyawan Hendrix Yulis , Belianna Eka Wahyu ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Afifal Lana Izzatul ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Damayanti Devi Dwi ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Shafira Dhea Aura Bening ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Wijayanti Karlina ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: February 2025

Kehidupan produktif masyarakat Indonesia mendorong konsumsi mi instan yang murah dan praktis, dengan 3,8% mengonsumsinya lebih dari sekali per hari. Namun, kandungan protein mi instan yang rendah memerlukan fortifikasi, salah satunya dengan bubuk Spirulina platensis yang mengandung protein tinggi hingga 71,90%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi optimum proksimat mi basah terfortifikasi bubuk spirulina menggunakan software Design Expert 13 dengan metode D-optimal mixture design. Variabel yang diuji adalah bubuk spirulina dengan batas atas 3,75 gram dan batas bawah 0 gram, serta tepung tapioka dengan batas atas 7,5 gram dan batas bawah 3,75 gram. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bubuk spirulina signifikan terhadap kadar protein dan karbohidrat (F<0,05), tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap kadar air, abu, dan lemak (F>0,05). Formulasi terbaik diperoleh pada 3,75 gram tapioka dan 3,75 gram spirulina dengan kadar air 32,06%, abu 2,49%, protein 18,96%, lemak 1,78%, dan karbohidrat 44,71% yang telah sesuai standar mi basah pada SNI 01-2987-2015.
Propuesta técnico-metodológica para el monitoreo y seguimiento de la línea estratégica de seguridad hídrica de la Política Pública de Cambio Climático de Cundinamarca, Colombia
Authors: Riaño Rincón Nidia Clemencia
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo presenta los resultados originales de la tesis doctoral Cambio Climático en Cundinamarca – Colombia: Estrategias de Seguridad Hídrica en el marco de la Política Pública de Gestión Integral de Cambio Climático, la cual revisa cómo la propuesta técnico-metodológica basada en la teoría multicriterio (MCDM) y multiobjetivo (modm) determina el comportamiento de la oferta del recurso hídrico en el Departamento. El principal aporte es la formulación del Macroíndice de Seguridad Hídrica para Cundinamarca (MISHC), el cual determinó que, de los 116 municipios que integran el territorio, 14 presentan riesgo alto, 96 riesgo medio y 6 riesgo bajo, en términos de seguridad hídrica.
Virtual reality-based learning for civil engineering education
Authors: Kuncoro Tri , Ichwanto Muhammad Aris , Dwiyanto Felix Andika
Published: February 2025

Using virtual environments as teaching aids has been increasingly common in recent decades. Virtual Reality (VR) has recently gained popularity in construction engineering education and training (CEET). Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) interfaces have proven benefits in Engineering Education. In fact, VR interfaces offer new ways to improve user knowledge transfer and communication. Therefore, this study aims to describe an immersive VR interface built for aspiring Civil Engineering students. The development of the VR consists of three main stages: needs assessment, development, and testing. Furthermore, the statistics technique was used for examining the initial use of VR. The VR was developed to promote Civil Engineering students while also fostering their interest in Information Technology. Also, statistically, VR integration in civil engineering education can improve learning performance.
Academic research as optional of final assignments: Legal analysis and educational consequences
Authors: Amrullah Muhammad Karim , Triyana Heribertus Jaka
Published: February 2025

This article aims to evaluate the concept and implementation of government policy, making academic writing a mandatory final assignment option for students. The evaluation focuses on related laws and regulations, especially the Ministerial Regulation issued by the government since 2023. Therefore, this study is relevant by describing the policy, which has been in effect for almost a year. The policy is within the authority of the central government and relevant ministers. Apart from that, the policy is in line with one of the principles of higher education in an effort to keep up with changes and developments over time. However, some provisions are not in sync with the Ministerial Regulation, which forms the legal basis for implementing the policy. Apart from that, the policy deviates from the concept of education and higher education and existing laws and regulations which regulate education and higher education. This research is normative research from a legal perspective and covers the field of education. This research technique was carried out by means of a literature review, which analysed regulations, theories, and expert opinions from a legal and educational perspective.
Building entrepreneurial interest: Exploring entrepreneurial competency and self-efficacy strategies in entrepreneurship education
Authors: Gunartin Gunartin , Pratikto Heri , Winarno Agung , Restuningdiah Nurika
Published: February 2025

The success of becoming an entrepreneur is inseparable from various aspects that influence and shape, namely internal aspects, coaching and training, social environment, family, socio-cultural and other factors. The purpose of this study is to examine the strategy of entrepreneurial competence and self-efficacy in building entrepreneurial interest through entrepreneurship education. The author used a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, literature review and documentation. The results showed that in implementing entrepreneurship education to the fostered residents there are internalized values of fostering entrepreneurial interest through fostering independence and fostering personality. These values are based on good practices to build the character of the fostered citizens to become entrepreneurs with good and responsible personalities. Values that are interpreted as reflections related to the relationship of life, life, and livelihood. The results also show that social attitudes towards entrepreneurship in fostered residents are influenced by discipline, self-efficacy, perseverance, patience, and prayer. While based on the economic aspects of the foster residents could become entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurship education model carried out through fostering independence and personality is a pillar so that prisoners have social and entrepreneurial skills so that they are economically independent.
Implementing Western musical notation in teaching Sundanese titilaras: Qualitative action research
Authors: Supriatna Nanang , Sukmayadi Yudi , Gunawan Iwan
Published: February 2025

Music education promotes students' cultural and intellectual development, particularly in preserving traditional music. Sundanese traditional music in Indonesia, mainly through the concept of titilaras, encapsulates cultural identity and history. Modern music education encounters a hurdle as Western musical notation predominates courses, resulting in students needing help comprehending and performing Sundanese music due to the disparities in notation systems. This research examined the imperative of safeguarding Sundanese titilaras by investigating the incorporation of Western musical notation in its pedagogy to improve students' proficiency in reading and composing traditional Sundanese music. The research utilized a qualitative action research technique at Indonesian University of Education, engaging 48 students from various cultural origins and different levels of music education. The research evaluated students' skills in titilaras before and after integrating Western notation through surveys, aural assessments, and music transcription activities. The findings revealed that most pupils encountered difficulties with Sundanese musical notation while demonstrating proficiency in Western notation. Utilizing Western musical notation as an instructional instrument, students exhibited enhanced comprehension and execution of Sundanese scales, particularly in practical contexts such as transcription and melody interpretation. The study indicated that integrating Western notation into the curriculum could enhance accessibility to traditional music for students acquainted with Western systems. Thus, Sundanese music maintained its cultural integrity while fulfilling modern educational requirements. This research underscored the necessity of modifying music education to preserve local musical traditions within an increasingly international framework.
Exploring Machine and Deep Learning Approaches in Credit Card Fraud Prevention and Detection
Authors: Bano Shayna , Sharma Dr. Pharindara Kumar
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Establishing the foundation for the use of deep learning and artificial intelligence in the detection of credit card fraud
is the primary objective of this study. A more accurate and improved fraud detection system is necessary to meet the primary goal
of enhancing financial security. In order to facilitate this study, we collect a sizable dataset of credit card payment records that
encompasses all relevant variables. Data pretreatment enhances analysis by normalising numerical values, eliminating
superfluous characteristics, and verifying data consistency. Exploratory data analysis, or EDA, must be used to find connections
and trends in the dataset before choosing a model. Random Forest, gradient boost, SVM, Logistic Regression, LSTM, and GRU
are among the machine learning models that we combine. With a 90% F1 score, 90% recall, 90% specificity, and 90.3%
accuracy, the Random Forest model outperforms all others. The deep learning model GRU outperforms LSTM by a small
margin with an accuracy rate of 90.04% and strong recall and precision measures. Furthermore, compared to earlier models,
the Artificial Neural Network's accuracy is 89%. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested methods in
detecting fraudulent transactions. The study's findings open the door for fascinating new consumer protection research and
provide insight into the issue of credit card fraud.