bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA‐ICP‐MS dating of detrital zircon grains from the Cretaceous allochthonous bauxites of Languedoc (south of France): Provenance and geodynamic consequences
Authors: Marchand Emilie , Séranne Michel , Bruguier Olivier , Vinches Marc
Published: May 2020

The Cretaceous of southern France is characterised by a long erosional hiatus, outlined with bauxite deposits, which represent the only remaining sedimentary record of a key period for geodynamic reconstructions. Detrital zircons from allochthonous karst bauxites of Languedoc (Southern France) have been dated using LA‐ICP‐MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry), in order to specify the age of deposition and to constrain the provenance of the weathered material. We analysed 671 single detrital zircons grains from three karst bauxitic basins, stretching from close to the Variscan Montagne Noire to the present‐day Mediterranean Sea. Analytical results provide Variscan (300–350 Ma) and Late Proterozoic (550–700 Ma) ages as primary groups. In addition, Middle‐, Late Proterozoic and Early Archean (oldest grain at 3.55 Ga) represent significant groups. Mid‐Cretaceous zircons (118–113 Ma) provide a pooled age of 115.5 ± 3.8 Ma, which constitutes the maximum age for bauxite deposition. Results also suggest a dual source for the Languedoc bauxite: one generalised sedimentary source of regional extent and a localised source in the Variscan basement structural high, that has been progressively unroofed during Albian. Integration of these new findings with previously published thermochronological data support the presence of an Early Cretaceous marly cover on the Variscan basement, which has been weathered and then, removed during the Albian. The Languedoc bauxite provide a spatial and temporal link between the uplift of southern French Massif Central to the north, and the Pyrenean rift and its eastward extension to the south. These new results allow to constrain the timing and distribution of uplift/subsidence during the mid‐Cretaceous events in relation with the motion of the Iberian plate relative to Eurasia.
The association of self‐esteem and psychosocial outcomes in young adults: a 10‐year prospective study
Authors: Arsandaux Julie , Galéra Cédric , Salamon Réda
Published: May 2020

Background

This study investigates the association between self‐esteem assessed either in adolescence or in adulthood with adult academic and psychosocial outcomes.

Method

One hundred and thirty‐one junior high school students were selected based on their experience of academic difficulty or success, and both groups were selected equally from regular or low‐performing schools. Ten years later, 100 of these individuals participated in a follow‐up assessment of academic, socioprofessional, and health‐related outcomes. Logistic and linear regression models were performed to estimate the association of self‐esteem (measured by the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale) at baseline and at follow‐up, as well as change in self‐esteem categories (high vs. low) on all outcomes.

Results

Fifty‐four percent of adolescents were consistently high in self‐esteem over the 10‐year period, 17% experienced an improvement, 21% a decrease, and 8% stayed at a low level. Outcomes at follow‐up were more consistently associated with young adult self‐esteem than adolescent self‐esteem. Self‐esteem was associated with several outcomes (i.e., personal goals, life satisfaction, alcohol, and health outcomes) and its effects were different depending on the period considered and categories of self‐esteem change.

Conclusions

The self‐esteem difficulties which are common in adolescence raise concerns about their potential impact on important outcomes later in life. However, self‐esteem difficulties in young adulthood were more associated with negative outcomes at this phase of life (whether low self‐esteem persisted into adulthood, or emerged only during adulthood). Relative to outcomes in young adulthood, the period of greatest interest for improving well‐being may be concentrated in the years immediately surrounding the studied outcomes.

Key Practitioner Message

Self‐esteem change from adolescent to adulthood is associated with a large diversity of outcomes. Less is known concerning the extent to which adolescent self‐esteem may independently determine outcomes in young adulthood as compared to more temporally proximal self‐esteem levels.

Only self‐esteem difficulties in young adulthood were associated with negative outcomes at this phase of life (whether they persisted from adolescence into adulthood, or emerged for the first time during adulthood).

Targeting self‐esteem difficulties that are temporally proximal to the period of interest may improve mental health and well‐being.
Multiorgan procurement is associated with a survival benefit after heart transplantation
Authors: Magruder Jonathan Trent , Suzuki Yoshikazu , Sperry Alexandra , Vasquez Charles R. , Smood Benjamin , Grimm Joshua C. , Atluri Pavan , Bermudez Christian , Acker Michael A. , Wald Joyce W. , Cantu Edward , Cevasco Marisa
Published: May 2020

We assessed the impact of donor multiorgan procurement on survival following orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). From the UNOS STAR database, we included all adult (≥18 Y) heart transplants (OHT) performed since 2000 and used donor IDs to determine how many other organs were procured from the same donor as the recipient's heart allograft (regardless of recipient). The Kaplan‐Meier survival functions and risk‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were computed to assess the association of multiorgan procurement with post–heart transplantation mortality. We included 40 336 OHT patients. Including the heart, the median number of donor organs procured was 3 (IQR, 3‐4). Heart donors underwent liver procurement in 89.7%; kidney(s) in 98.1% (single 95%, bilateral 5%); lung(s) in 38.0% (single 28%, bilateral 72%); pancreas in 10.4%; and intestine in 1.6%. Following risk adjustment across 16 recipient‐ and donor‐specific variables, an increasing number of organs procured were independently associated with reduced post‐OHT mortality (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96‐0.99, P = .025). Though no significant associations were found examining specific organ types, double lung procurement trended toward a protective effect (HR 0.96, 0.92‐1.01, P = .086), with counts of non‐lung organs procured still bordering on significance (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95‐1.00, P = .067). These results likely reflect improved multiorgan donor quality.
Intralymphatic histiocytosis in healing cellulitis: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Goldsmith Joshua F. , Tahan Steven R.
Published: May 2020

Intralymphatic histiocytosis (ILH) is a rare skin benign condition observed in a variety of inflammatory settings. It is characterized by the presence of ectatic dermal lymphatic vessels containing aggregates of histiocytes. Associated conditions that have been identified include rheumatoid arthritis, metallic orthopedic implants, inflammatory bowel disease, and malignancies of the breast, skin, and colon. Some cases with no attributable underlying cause have been described. The pathophysiology of ILH is not well understood. It has been proposed that it may represent macrophage migration during immune activation. Herein, we present the first description of ILH observed in the healing phase of cellulitis on the skin of the breast. Awareness of this possibility is important when the diagnosis of intravascular carcinomatosis is being considered.
PRODUCT COMPATIBILITY HINDERS PRE‐EMPTIVE ADVERTISING
Authors: Roig Guillem
Published: May 2020

This paper considers competition in systems of complementary products and examines how compatibility affects the use of informative advertising by an incumbent to deter entry. Advertising increases demand for a product; customers become price sensitive and competition increases, pre‐empting new market entrants. However, compatibility reduces competition, so incumbent advertising becomes less effective at deterring entry and additional, costly advertising would be required to induce deterrence. Moreover, compatibility increases advertising by a potential entrant; with efficient advertising technology, consumers are informed about all products and the incumbent cannot deter entry by using additional advertising. Therefore, product standardization policies that encourage compatibility can support new market entrants by discouraging pre‐emptive advertising strategies. (JEL D21, D43, L13, L15)
Detection method for Fusarium torreyae the canker pathogen of the critically endangered Florida torreya, Torreya taxifolia
Authors: Dreaden Tyler J. , Quesada Tania , Smith Jason A.
Published: May 2020

Florida torreya (Torreya taxifolia Arn.) is an endangered conifer with a very limited range in the USA: two counties in Florida and one in Georgia, along the Apalachicola River. The species was once abundant in its small native range but suffered a major decline, ~99% loss, in the late 1950s to early 1960s that is thought to have been caused by a disease. Recently, a canker disease caused by Fusarium torreyae was identified as the primary cause of Florida torreya decline. Efforts to restore and preserve the species in situ and ex situ are hampered by lack of pathogen‐free planting stock, and there exists an interest in methods to verify pathogen presence in seeds and seedlings prior to collection and transport for planting. This paper presents a new species‐specific diagnostic method that enables detection of F. torreyae and may allow for conservation programmes to ensure germplasm is free of the pathogen prior to planting.
Dental faculty and student views of didactic and clinical assessment: A qualitative description study
Authors: Perez Arnaldo , Green Jacqueline L. , Starchuk Colleen , Senior Anthea , Compton Sharon M. , Gaudet‐Amigo Gisele , Lai Hollis , Linke Bernard , Patterson Steven
Published: May 2020

Objective

Although assessment is essential to accurately represent student learning, little is currently known about student and faculty perceptions of assessment in dental schools. Our study aimed to explore faculty and student views of didactic and clinical assessments in the School of Dentistry at the University of Alberta.

Method

Qualitative description informed the study design. Data were collected through focus groups and analysed inductively using manifest content analysis.

Results

Five focus groups were conducted with faculty (n = 34) and three with students (n = 19). Faculty and student views of assessment were related to improvements made (perceived positive changes), improvements needed (perceived limitations) and improvements recommended (recommendations to improve perceived limitations). Faculty and students reported that improvements made (eg adequacy of assessment to students’ levels of training) varied across instructors, courses and learning environments. Both faculty and students perceived clinical assessments as less appropriate than didactic assessments. Faculty perceived limitations were mostly related to assessment appropriateness, especially assessment accuracy and comprehensiveness, whilst student perceived limitations included other issues related to appropriateness (eg misalignment with course objectives) as well as issues related to assessment volume, pace and scheduling. Similarly, faculty recommendations focused on enhancing the assessment of clinical competencies, whilst students’ recommendations aimed to also improve assessment scheduling, volume and usage (eg for learning purposes).

Conclusions

Faculty and student views of assessment complemented one another. Our data show that assessment in dental education is multidimensional, so that multilevel strategies may be needed to improve this component of dental curricula.
Systemic involvement in adult‐onset leukoencephalopathy with intracranial calcifications and cysts (Labrune syndrome) with a novel mutation of the SNORD118 gene
Authors: Bonomo G. , Monfrini E. , Borellini L. , Bonomo R. , Arienti F. , Saetti M. C. , Di Fonzo A. , Locatelli M.
Published: May 2020

Background and purpose

Although Labrune syndrome is a well‐known disorder characterized by a typical neuroradiological triad, namely leukoencephalopathy, intracranial calcifications and cysts, there are no reports of systemic involvement in this disorder. This paper attempts to describe a peculiar clinical manifestation related to a novel mutation in the SNORD118 gene.

Methods

Clinical examination, brain and total‐body imaging, and neurophysiological and ophthalmological investigations were performed. Amplification of the SNORD118 gene and Sanger sequencing were integrated to investigate potential causative mutations.

Results

A 69‐year‐old woman, with a long history of episodes of vertigo and gait imbalance, was referred to our hospital for progressive cognitive and motor deterioration. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging disclosed diffuse bilateral leukoencephalopathy in periventricular and deep white matter, widespread calcifications and numerous cysts in the brain, liver, pancreas and kidneys. The genetic analysis revealed two biallelic variants in the SNORD118 gene, one of which is novel (n.60G>C).

Conclusions

This is the first report of adult‐onset Labrune syndrome with an unusual systemic involvement presenting a novel mutation in the SNORD118 gene.
Cross‐species transmission of deltacoronavirus and the origin of porcine deltacoronavirus
Authors: Ye Xu , Chen Yingjin , Zhu Xinyu , Guo Jiahui , Xie Da , Hou Zhenzhen , Xu Shangen , Zhou Junwei , Fang Liurong , Wang Dang , Xiao Shaobo
Published: May 2020

Deltacoronavirus is the last identified Coronaviridae subfamily genus. Differing from other coronavirus (CoV) genera, which mainly infect birds or mammals, deltacoronaviruses (δ‐CoVs) reportedly infect both animal types. Recent studies show that a novel δ‐CoV, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), can also infect calves and chickens with the potential to infect humans, raising the possibility of cross‐species transmission of δ‐CoVs. Here, we explored the deep phylogenetic history and cross‐species transmission of δ‐CoVs. Virus–host cophylogenetic analyses showed that δ‐CoVs have undergone frequent host switches in birds, and sparrows may serve as the unappreciated hubs for avian to mammal transmission. Our molecular clock analyses show that PDCoV possibly originated in Southeast Asia in the 1990s and that the PDCoV cluster shares a common ancestor with Sparrow‐CoV of around 1,810. Our findings contribute valuable insights into the diversification, evolution, and interspecies transmission of δ‐CoVs and the origin of PDCoV, providing a model for exploring the relationships of δ‐CoVs in birds and mammals.
Effect of jig constraint state during welding process on fatigue properties of Al/CFRP dissimilar welds and fatigue life evaluation based on singular stress
Authors: Ogawa Yuki , Nakahara Fumiya , Akebono Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kojiro , Sugeta Atsushi
Published: May 2020

Manufacturers have been promoting multimaterial designs. So the dissimilar material welding methods are being developed. Especially, heat welding technology, which is a direct joining by local heating, has been focussed. Therefore, this study used a heat welding technology for friction stir spot welding of aluminium alloy and carbon fibre‐reinforced plastic. This study investigated the effect of changes to jig constraint of joined members on the fatigue properties of joints. Also, the fatigue life estimation was carried out by considering the singular stress at the welding joint interface. As a result, the fatigue strength of joint in a less constrained state is higher than that in a more constrained state. The singular stress intensity at the slit tip was uniformly predicted by the differences in welding parameters of joints.
Distinct controls over the temporal dynamics of soil carbon fractions after land use change
Authors: Luo Zhongkui , Viscarra Rossel Raphael A. , Shi Zhou
Published: May 2020

Soil organic carbon (SOC), the largest terrestrial carbon pool, plays a significant role in soil‐related ecosystem services such as climate regulation, soil fertility and agricultural production. However, its fate under land use change is difficult to predict. A major issue is that SOC comprised of numerous organic compounds with potentially distinct and poorly understood turnover properties. Here we use spatiotemporal measurements of the particulate (POC), mineral‐associated (MOC) and charred SOC (COC) fractions from 176 trials involving changes in land use to assess their underlying controls. We find that the initial pool sizes of each of the three fractions consistently and dominantly control their temporal dynamics after changes in land use (i.e. the baseline effects). The effects of climate, soil physicochemical properties and plant residues, however, are fraction‐ and time‐dependent. Climate and soil properties show similar importance for controlling the dynamics of MOC and COC, while plant residue inputs (in term of their quantity and quality) are much less important. For POC, plant residues and management practices (e.g. the frequency of pasture in crop‐pasture rotation systems) are substantially more important, overriding the influence of climate. These results demonstrate the pivotal role of measuring SOC composition and considering fraction‐specific stabilization and destabilization processes for effective SOC management and reliable SOC predictions.
Open innovation and innovative performance of universities: Evidence from China
Authors: Ye Lei , Zeng Gang , Cao Xianzhong
Published: May 2020

University–industry interactions have been extensively discussed by economic geographers. However, while universities increasingly engage in local and nonlocal interactions with the industry, there is a lack of evidence concerning the consequences of universities becoming involved in these open innovation processes. Therefore, this study empirically examines the effects of local and nonlocal knowledge interactions on the innovative performance of universities by utilizing a large panel database constructed from a sample of 185 universities in China. First, we observe that both local and nonlocal interactions have an inverted U‐shaped relationship with university innovative performance. Second, local interactions combined with nonlocal interactions have a negative effect on the innovative performance of universities. Finally, we find that a balance is required between local and nonlocal interactions to enhance university performance. These results have important implications for policy design.
Long‐term prognosis of liver disease in patients with eradicated chronic hepatitis C virus: An analysis using a Markov chain model
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Toyoda Hidenori , Yasuda Satoshi , Kumada Takashi , Kurisu Akemi , Ohisa Masayuki , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko
Published: May 2020

Aim

The long‐term prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who have received antiviral therapy and who demonstrate HCV eradication remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we investigated the long‐term prognosis of liver disease in patients with eradication of HCV.

Methods

A total of 552 patients with chronic HCV infection (6815 person‐years) who were treated with interferon‐based therapy and who achieved sustained virologic response were included. Yearly transition probabilities for each liver state (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) were calculated using a Markov chain model.

Results

In the analysis of 1‐year liver disease state transition probabilities, progression to cirrhosis occurred in 0.5–2.1% of male patients with chronic hepatitis across all age groups. In male patients with cirrhosis, HCC developed in 0.6–1.9% of patients over the age of 50 years. In female patients with chronic hepatitis, progression to cirrhosis occurred in 0.4–2.1% of patients across all age groups. In addition, in female patients with cirrhosis, HCC developed in those aged 60–69 (0.4%) and 70–79 (0.4%) years. Under the assumption of either a chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis state at age 40 or 60 years as the starting condition for simulation over the next 40 or 20 years, respectively, the probability of HCC gradually increased with age and was higher in male patients.

Conclusions

The development or progression of cirrhosis and the development of HCC are risks in HCV patients despite HCV eradication, not only in those with cirrhosis but also in those with chronic hepatitis.
Study of the incorporation of native and microencapsulated chia seed oil on pasta properties
Authors: González Agustín , Bordón María Gabriela , Bustos Mariela C. , Córdova Salazar Karina L. , Ribotta Pablo D. , Martínez Marcela L.
Published: May 2020

The present work studied the effect of the incorporation of encapsulated chia seed oil on the cooking quality of dry pasta. Pasta morphology and oil distribution in the samples were studied. No significant variations were determined in cooking parameters as optimal cooking time, cooking loss and texture of cooked pasta with the incorporation of the encapsulated oil, but significant differences were determined in uncooked pasta texture and variables that describe water interaction, such as water absorption and swelling index. In addition, the incorporation of microencapsulated oil avoided oxidative deterioration, showing a protective effect and preventing the formation of hydroperoxide radicals in pasta preparation, storage and cooking procedures (compared with free oil‐containing pasta), resulting in a safer product. Storage at modified atmosphere exerts an additional protective effect on oil, enhancing the effect of the microcapsules. Microencapsulation proved to be an effective technology that preserves oil quality in ω‐3 rich pasta.
Wetting and spreading of Ca‐Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O solution on Y2O3 and CaSZ crucible in growing Y1‐xCaxBa2Cu3O7‐δ single crystal
Authors: Huang Simin , Zhu Yanhan , Qian Jun , Wan Yan , Yin Yiqian , Zhou Ligang , Diko Pavel , Kucharova Veronika , Zmorayova Katarina , Kim Young‐June , Yao Xin
Published: May 2020

Sizable and uniform Y1‐xCaxBa2Cu3O7‐δ single crystals are of significant importance to study high‐temperature superconductivity. However, the severe liquid loss resulting from intrinsic wetting property during top‐seeded solution‐growth (TSSG), makes it difficult to obtain such crystals. Here the reactive wetting performance of the Ca‐Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O solution on two types of crucibles was studied. It was identified that the spreading process on the Y2O3 crucible is characterized by forming double‐layer of Y2BaCuO5 and YBa2Cu3O7‐δ, while that on the CaSZ crucible (Ca‐stabilized ZrO2) produces the BaZrO3 layer with CuO phase. In the former case, the liquid has a low energy interface with the top layer of YBa2Cu3O7‐δ, leading to strong spreading and creeping behaviors. Conversely, due to a high interfacial energy between solution and BaZrO3, the CaSZ crucible has a low wettability, particularly beneficial to solve the liquid loss problem. Consequently, with negligible liquid creeping out of CaSZ crucibles, we succeeded in growing a series of homogeneous Y1‐xCaxBa2Cu3O7‐δ single crystals with an acceptable size up to a × b × c = 11.2 × 11 × 4.8 mm3. Moreover the wetting modes of solution on various kinds of crucibles for TSSG in growing doped YBa2Cu3O7‐δ single crystals were also elucidated. Most importantly, the understanding gained from this work is broadly applicable for producing other desirable doped‐crystals.
Self‐efficacy instruments for type 2 diabetes self‐care: A systematic review of measurement properties
Authors: Lee Jiyeon , Lee Eun‐Hyun , Chae Duckhee
Published: May 2020

Aims

To identify currently available self‐efficacy instruments for type 2 diabetes self‐care and to evaluate the evidence for their measurement properties.

Design

Systematic review of measurement properties.

Data sources

The PubMed, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched from their inception to 27 May 2019.

Review methods

The updated COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments methodology were applied.

Results

Twelve instruments were identified from 3,665 records. Eight instruments were related to self‐efficacy in performing a comprehensive set of the tasks/behaviours for diabetes self‐care and the other four addressed specific behaviours related to diabetes self‐care, such as insulin management. Most of the 12 instruments were developed based on Bandura's self‐efficacy theory as their theoretical background. Overall, sufficient high‐quality evidence for measurement properties was seldom identified. The Diabetes Management Self‐Efficacy Scale is currently the best instrument, with particularly the 4‐factor, 16‐item version being demonstrated to have sufficient high‐quality evidence for structural and internal consistency and sufficient moderate‐quality evidence for reliability and convergent validity.

Conclusions

None of the instruments evaluated all of the relevant measurement properties. The Diabetes Management Self‐Efficacy Scale is currently the most suitable instrument for potential use in practice and research. The measurement invariance across languages, measurement error and responsiveness of this instrument still need be evaluated.

Impact

This systematic review provides clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive list of available instruments for measuring self‐efficacy in diabetes self‐care, as well as evidence for helping them to select the most appropriate instrument. Using a psychometrically sound instrument will accurately inform practitioners about the levels of self‐efficacy in self‐care among patients with type 2 diabetes in practice and avoid threatening the credibility of research studies on self‐efficacy in diabetes self‐care.
Managing Critical Spare Parts within a Buyer–Supplier Dyad: Buyer Preferences for Ownership and Placement
Authors: Wallin Blair Cynthia , Rungtusanatham Manus , Rabinovich Elliot , Hwang Yuhchang , Money Richard Bruce
Published: May 2020

Despite the criticality and expense of spare parts, many firms lack a coherent strategy for ensuring needed supply of spare parts. Moreover, scientific research regarding a comprehensive spare parts strategy is sparse in comparison with direct material. Our research identifies and tests three literature‐based, theoretically anchored attributes that influence a buyer's preference for inventory ownership and inventory placement when managing the stock of a critical spare part. Our findings indicate that item specificity and item supply uncertainty are useful in predicting a buyer's preference for managing the inventory of a critical spare part. Furthermore, we find that buyers have (1) a strong preference for consignment‐based inventory management approaches, (2) a bias against inventory speculation despite its use in practice and analytical models, and (3) a strong preference for inventory postponement when the level of supply uncertainty is low.
Patient‐reported outcomes after cryoballoon ablation are equivalent between moderate sedation and general anesthesia
Authors: Wasserlauf Jeremiah , Kaplan Rachel M. , Walega David R. , Arora Rishi , Chicos Alexandru B. , Kim Susan S. , Lin Albert C. , Verma Nishant , Patil Kaustubha D. , Knight Bradley P. , Passman Rod S.
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Moderate sedation (MS) during cryoballoon ablation (CBA) avoids risks of general anesthesia (GA) and improves electrophysiology (EP) lab throughput. However, one barrier to the use of MS is the potential for patient discomfort. The objective of this study was to compare patient‐reported outcome measures following CBA for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) under MS and GA.

Methods and Results

Consecutive patients undergoing a first CBA for pAF under GA or MS were prospectively enrolled. The sedation method was assigned based on patient and provider preference, and perceived airway risk. The primary outcomes were quality of recovery (measured using a validated 40 question survey; QoR‐40) and likelihood to recommend (LTR) the procedure and sedation method (measured by Likert scale). Secondary outcomes were acute pulmonary vein (PV) isolation rate, procedure, fluoroscopy and ablation times, and complication rates. Forty‐seven GA and 53 MS patients were included. The mean age was 64.9 ± 9.4 years and mean CHA2DS2‐VASc score was 2.0 ± 1.4. QoR‐40 scores were 184.6 ± 16.4 for GA and 187.6 ± 10.2 for MS (P = .28). LTR responses were similar between groups. Mean procedure times were 148.2 ± 56.0 minutes for GA and 129.4 ± 31.4 minutes for MS (P = .038). Fluoroscopy and ablation times were similar between groups. A total of 100% (409/409) of PVs were acutely isolated. One hemopericardium occurred in the MS group requiring pericardiocentesis.

Conclusion

MS for CBA offers an alternative to GA that is safe and well‐tolerated by patients with comparable success rates and improved EP lab throughput.
Correlation between the hemoporfin‐mediated photodynamic treatment response and the dermoscopy vascular pattern in patients with a port‐wine stain: a prospective study
Authors: Wang X. , Suo H. , Gao Y. , Du H. , Fu Y. , Sha S. , Liu Y. , Su X. , An X. , Guo X. , Li Y. , Tao J.
Published: May 2020

Background

Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and promising therapy for the treatment of port‐wine stains (PWS). There has been little prior exploration to our knowledge of how the dermatological vascular pattern may predict the response to PDT.

Objectives

To analyse whether the vascular pattern classifications of PWS by dermoscopy can predict the efficacy of PDT.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 163 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PWS who were treated twice with hemoporfin‐mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME‐PDT) at two‐month intervals and followed up for 6 months. The vascular manifestations of dermoscopy with PWS were independently classified into 8 categories by 3 dermatologists. Images of the lesions were taken using VISIA, and the vascular patterns were imaged by dermoscopy by the same investigator. Images were captured before and after each treatment. The efficacy was evaluated with pre‐ and post‐treatment VISIA images, and correlations between efficacy and vascular patterns were analysed by four dermatologists in a blinded and independent manner, between 10 January 2019 and 11 December 2019.

Results

In the dermoscopy images for the whole cohort, dotted and globular vessels (15.3%), short clubbed vessels (18.4%) and curved vessels (12.9%) were highly associated with cure and beneficial treatment effects. Pale halos surrounding brown dots (8.0%) and arborizing vessels (9.8%) were mainly correlated with skin lesion alleviation. Mixed vessels (12.9%), a grey‐whitish veil (11.7%) and reticular patterns (11.0%) were mainly associated with no effect. The differences between each subgroup were statistically significant (P = 0.000).

Conclusions

There is a clear correlation between the efficacy of PDT and the dermoscopy pattern in patients with PWS. Dermoscopy may therefore provide very useful clinical information prior to treatment in these cases. In addition, the vascular manifestations of PWS determined by dermoscopy help to predict response to PDT and manage patient expectations.
Metal configurations on 2D materials investigated via atomic resolution HAADF stem
Authors: COURTNEY E. , CONROY M. , BANGERT U.
Published: May 2020

The behaviour of palladium and nickel deposited on mechanically exfoliated samples of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS2, WS2 and WSe2) via e‐beam evaporation was investigated. Sputtering of metals on the 2D flakes allowed for interaction of the metal and TMD to be investigated on the Å scale in an aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscope. Through low energy sputtering, metals can be deposited on 2D materials without causing damage to the thin flakes. The material's interaction is investigated on the atomic scale via high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy in high angle annular dark‐field imaging. Initially, the effect of thermal annealing on the stability of the Pd–2D interaction was investigated, revealing the remarkable difference in particle stability between the 2D materials. Nickel deposition however only resulted in oxidised amorphous particles. The oxide particles’ cross‐sectional area and circularity were independent of the TMD substrate thickness, type, or deposition rate.

Lay Description

Understanding the interaction between metals and 2D materials is imperative for future device functionalisation. Palladium and nickel were deposited on samples of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS2, WS2 and WSe2) via e‐beam evaporation. Low energy introduced metal to the 2D materials without causing damage to the thin flakes. The metal–2D interaction was investigated on the Å scale via high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy in high angle annular dark‐field imaging. The interaction between the Pd and the 2Ds was investigated to see whether Pd is a viable contact solution for TMD materials and to study the metal–2D interaction at the atomic level. Effect of annealing and heat on the stability of the Pd–2D interaction was investigated, showing Pd–WSe2 to have high particle stability up to 200 °C.

In contrast, the Pd–MoS2 and Pd–WS2 had lower particle stability when heated, revealing particle agglomeration and changes. Nickel was found to oxidise into amorphous oxide particles quickly after deposition. The oxide particles’ characteristics were independent of the TMD substrate thickness andtype, and independent of the rate at which metal was deposited.
The non‐linear influence of the frequency of interactions between team managers and team members on positive team mood: a moderated model
Authors: Hernández Ana , González-Romá Vicente , Oltra Rafael
Published: May 2020

Based on contradictory arguments about whether the frequency of the interactions between team managers and the teams they manage is positive or negative for teams, we hypothesize a curvilinear relationship. Focusing on positive team mood and based on the leadership literature and the conservation of resources theory, we hypothesize an inverted‐U‐shaped relationship. In addition, adding arguments from the substitutes for leadership theory, we propose that this curvilinear relationship is moderated by team potency and tenure. Hypotheses were tested using panel data collected in a sample of 55 work teams by means of hierarchical non‐lineal regression. Results show that, as expected, the relationship between the frequency of the interactions and positive team mood was curvilinear and moderated by team potency and team tenure. As expected, the curve became increasingly convex downward as team tenure increased. However, for team potency, the results were contrary to what was expected. The results have important implications for planning the frequency of managers’ interactions with their teams, and they indicate the importance of considering team tenure and potency as contextual moderators.

Practitioner points

Our study shows that the frequency with which team managers interact with team members to discuss work, organizational, and team functioning issues is a relevant predictor of positive team mood.

More frequent interactions do not always foster positive team mood. Average interaction levels, as perceived by team members, are more effective than low or high levels.

Managers should adapt the frequency of the interactions to the characteristics of the teams managed, particularly their tenure and potency.
Identifying Invaders: The Case of Ceratium furcoides (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) in South America
Authors: Accattatis Victoria , Piccini Claudia , Huber Paula , Metz Sebastian , Rueda Eva , Devercelli Melina
Published: May 2020

Ceratium furcoides is an invasive freshwater dinoflagellate that in the last three decades has expanded its geographic distribution in South America, being recently found in Paraná River floodplain (Argentina). Despite growing concern about the presence and impacts of this invader, information regarding genetic diversity in the Southern Hemisphere is missing. This work constitutes the first phylogenetic characterization of Ceratium populations of South America, particularly, from the Paraná system. After taxonomic identification as C. furcoides based on morphological traits, two sequencing‐based approaches were applied using the ribosomal 18S gene: Sanger sequencing to isolated individuals and high‐throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS) to environmental DNA. The sequence of C. furcoides obtained shared 100% identity to Asian sequences, and formed a highly supported clade in the constructed reference phylogenetic tree. HTS helped to recover low‐frequency genetic variants suggesting the presence of different population of C. furcoides, and to alert potential invasion in its early stages.
Medieval English Multilingualisms
Authors: Critten Rory G. , Dutton Elisabeth
Published: May 2020

This article introduces the nonmedievalist reader to the multilingual landscape of England 700–1400. Building on recent work exploring in particular the relationships among English, French, and Latin in medieval England, it discusses a series of “multilingual moments” from a range of sources, including letters, poems, travel writings, and French language teaching texts. Together, these examples build a picture of the complex interrelationships of languages, both spoken and written, that existed for medieval English people at home and when traveling abroad. Then, as now, people can be seen using their linguistic resources for pragmatic and creative effect. We demonstrate that multilingualism is nothing new. From a methodological perspective, our work also underlines the importance of viewing linguistic attitudes in their particular intellectual and historical contexts.
Toward Computational Models of Multilingual Sentence Processing
Authors: Frank Stefan L.
Published: May 2020

Although computational models can simulate aspects of human sentence processing, research on this topic has remained almost exclusively limited to the single language case. The current review presents an overview of the state of the art in computational cognitive models of sentence processing, and discusses how recent sentence‐processing models can be used to study bi‐ and multilingualism. Recent results from cognitive modeling and computational linguistics suggest that phenomena specific to bilingualism can emerge from systems that have no dedicated components for handling multiple languages. Hence, accounting for human bi‐/multilingualism may not require models that are much more sophisticated than those for the monolingual case.
Cell wall polysaccharides from pathogenic fungi for diagnosis of fungal infectious disease
Authors: Ahamefula Osibe Dandy , Lei Shuhan , Wang Bin , Jin Cheng , Fang Wenxia
Published: May 2020

Invasive fungal diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Despite traditional methods such as microbiological culture, histopathology, radiology and direct microscopy are available, antigen/antibody‐based diagnostics are emerging for diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI). Fungal cell wall is a unique structure composed of polysaccharides that are well correlated with fungal burden during fungal infections. Based on this feature, cell wall polysaccharides have been explored as antigens in IFIs diagnostics such as the galactomannan assay, mannan test, β‐glucan assay and cryptococcal CrAg test. Herein, we provide an overview on the cell wall polysaccharides from three opportunistic pathogens: Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, and their applications for IFIs diagnosis. The clinical outcome of newly developed cell wall polysaccharides‐based diagnostics is also discussed.
Clinical course of Immunoglobulin A nephropathy with crescents in a multi‐ethnic Southeast Asian cohort
Authors: Lim Cynthia C. , Baikunje Shashidhar , Choo Jason C. J. , Tan Puay H. , Foo Marjorie , Woo Keng T.
Published: May 2020

Aim

Clinical presentation and course of Immunoglobulin A nephropathy vary by ethnicity and geography and significance of extracapillary proliferation or crescents (IgAN‐C) in Southeast Asia is not well described. We aimed to describe the clinical course of IgAN‐C in Singapore.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of adult biopsy‐proven IgAN diagnosed between February 2011 and October 2016 in 2 hospital‐based nephrology units. Outcome was chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, defined as reduction in eGFR ≥50% or end stage renal failure (ESRF).

Results

One hundred and forty‐five patients were studied. Among individuals with IgAN‐C (n = 44, 30%), 38 patients had cellular or fibrocellular crescents in 1 to 25% of the glomeruli and 6 had crescents in >25%. Median eGFR was 54 (33, 83) mL/min/1.73 m2. Compared to IgAN without crescents, IgAN‐C had greater proteinuria (median 2.9 [1.4, 5.4] g/g vs 1.9 [1.1, 3.6] g/g, P = .03) and more had endocapillary hypercellularity (96% vs 39%, P < .001). IgAN‐C were also more likely to receive immunosuppressants (66% vs 43%, P = .01) such as prednisolone (63% vs 38%, P = .006) and cyclophosphamide (12% vs 2%, P = .03).

Median follow up was 27 (12, 46) months. IgAN‐C were more likely to achieve proteinuria reduction ≥50% at 6 months (66% vs 44%, P = .03). CKD progression within 12 months was not different among those with and without crescents (13% vs 10% respectively, P = .73). However, immunosuppressant treatment of IgAN‐C was associated with reduced ESRF (0 vs 20%, P = .03).

Conclusion

Immunosuppressants may attenuate the risk of ESRF in IgAN‐C.
Evidence for an extinct lineage of angiosperms from the Early Cretaceous of Patagonia and implications for the early radiation of flowering plants
Authors: Coiro Mario , Martínez Leandro C.A. , Upchurch Garland R. , Doyle James A.
Published: May 2020

The pinnately lobed Aptian leaf fossil Mesodescolea plicata was originally described as a cycad, but new evidence from cuticle structure suggests that it is an angiosperm. Here we document the morphology and cuticle anatomy of Mesodescolea and explore its significance for early angiosperm evolution.

We observed macrofossils and cuticles of Mesodescolea with light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, and used phylogenetic methods to test its relationships among extant angiosperms.

Mesodescolea has chloranthoid teeth and tertiary veins forming elongate areoles. Its cuticular morphology and ultrastructure reject cycadalean affinities, whereas its guard cell shape and stomatal ledges are angiospermous. It shares variable stomatal complexes and epidermal oil cells with angiosperm leaves from the lower Potomac Group. Phylogenetic analyses and hypothesis testing support its placement within the basal ANITA grade, most likely in Austrobaileyales, but it diverges markedly in leaf form and venation.

Although many Early Cretaceous angiosperms fall within the morphological range of extant taxa, Mesodescolea reveals unexpected early morphological and ecophysiological trends. Its similarity to other Early Cretaceous lobate leaves, many identified previously as eudicots but in some cases pre‐dating the appearance of tricolpate pollen, may indicate that Mesodescolea is part of a larger extinct lineage of angiosperms.
Evaluating outcomes of children's asthma self‐management education through sustainable community–university partnerships
Authors: Quaranta Judith E. , Geoghegan Rosemarie , Gutierrez Christine , Kim Yeeji , Stala Olivia
Published: May 2020

Objective

To evaluate the outcomes of a children's asthma management education program delivered through a community–university partnership.

Design

Quasi‐experimental pretest/posttest.

Sample

Convenience sample of 50 children with asthma, grades 2–5, and their parent/caregiver from nine elementary schools in New York State.

Measurements

Child Asthma Management Self‐Efficacy Survey, Child Asthma Control Test©, Parent Asthma Knowledge Test.

Intervention

Nursing students certified as Open Airways for Schools facilitators administered the program once weekly for 5 weeks. Parent handouts were sent home after each session. Pre/posttests for all measures were completed prior to Open Airways and at completion.

Results

Improved asthma management self‐efficacy (p < .001) and improved asthma control (p = .013) for children with asthma were noted. Parent asthma knowledge was high pre‐ and posttest with no significant change. Parental knowledge regarding inhaled corticosteroids was consistently low.

Conclusions

Collaboration between universities and local school systems allows for mutually beneficial exchange of knowledge and resources to address the need for asthma self‐management for children with asthma. Nursing students trained in asthma management develop expertise and provide sustainable resources for this education.
Reframing Resilience: Equitable Access to Essential Services
Authors: Logan Tom M. , Guikema Seth D.
Published: May 2020

We urgently need to put the concept of resilience into practice if we are to prepare our communities for climate change and exacerbated natural hazards. Yet, despite the extensive discussion surrounding community resilience, operationalizing the concept remains challenging. The dominant approaches for assessing resilience focus on either evaluating community characteristics or infrastructure functionality. While both remain useful, they have several limitations to their ability to provide actionable insight. More importantly, the current conceptualizations do not consider essential services or how access is impaired by hazards. We argue that people need access to services such as food, education, health care, and cultural amenities, in addition to water, power, sanitation, and communications, to get back some semblance of normal life. Providing equitable access to these types of services and quickly restoring that access following a disruption are paramount to community resilience. We propose a new conceptualization of community resilience that is based on access to essential services. This reframing of resilience facilitates a new measure of resilience that is spatially explicit and operational. Using two illustrative examples from the impacts of Hurricanes Florence and Michael, we demonstrate how decisionmakers and planners can use this framework to visualize the effect of a hazard and quantify resilience‐enhancing interventions. This “equitable access to essentials” approach to community resilience integrates with spatial planning, and will enable communities not only to “bounce back” from a disruption, but to “bound forward” and improve the resilience and quality of life for all residents.
Causal Isotonic Regression
Authors: Westling Ted , Gilbert Peter , Carone Marco
Published: May 2020

In observational studies, potential confounders may distort the causal relationship between an exposure and an outcome. However, under some conditions, a causal dose–response curve can be recovered by using the G-computation formula. Most classical methods for estimating such curves when the exposure is continuous rely on restrictive parametric assumptions, which carry significant risk of model misspecification. Non-parametric estimation in this context is challenging because in a non-parametric model these curves cannot be estimated at regular rates. Many available non-parametric estimators are sensitive to the selection of certain tuning parameters, and performing valid inference with such estimators can be difficult. We propose a non-parametric estimator of a causal dose–response curve known to be monotone. We show that our proposed estimation procedure generalizes the classical least squares isotonic regression estimator of a monotone regression function. Specifically, it does not involve tuning parameters and is invariant to strictly monotone transformations of the exposure variable. We describe theoretical properties of our proposed estimator, including its irregular limit distribution and the potential for doubly robust inference. Furthermore, we illustrate its performance via numerical studies and use it to assess the relationship between body mass index and immune response in human immunodeficiency virus vaccine trials.