bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical therapy and health-social benefits of controlled physical activities in disability children
Authors: Kornatovska Zuzana
Published: July 2016

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to analyse anthropometric indicators, e.g. quiescent heart rate, quiescent respiratory rate and heart rate burden, in children with mental, hearing, visual disabilities participated in intervention programs of controlled physical activities. Material and methods: 180 children: 90 males, 90 females, aged 8-15 years, were divided in experimental and control samples according researched disabilities. Intervention method was realised in 10 months period. 3 times in 10 months of intervention program was provided an investigation, followed by data analysis. Relations of dependent variables to probands’ sex, to experiment and its exact phases were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVA, software Statgraphics Centurion. Results: A tendency for a decrease in quiescent heart rate and quiescent respiratory rate was found among both boys and girls from all experimental groups, whereas for the controls this value either stayed at baseline level or even increased. In the case of heart rate burden, the values significantly decreased for the experimental groups and increased for the control group members. Conclusions: The presented evaluation of the positive changes shows that the hypothesis has been verified in all three aspects. Significant positive changes were approved in the monitored indicators through the intervention programs of controlled physical activities in children with mental, hearing or visual disabilities. The results verified the specific prevention and treatment benefits of controlled physical activities in the child disability context in the important age period of 8-15 years.
Experiences and prophylactic of panic attacks. The case of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Florkowski Robert
Published: July 2016

The MRI apparatus, which is the most popular in present clinical settings, looks like a massive tube or the entrance to a mysterious alien spaceship. The patient has to enter this machine and remain motionless during the entire procedure. Placement in constraining space can cause a claustrophobic reaction. Under these circumstances, some patients experience panic attacks - some of them for the first time in their life. State of mental panic and panicky bodily movements may result in abortion of the procedure or cause the generation of distorted images which can negatively affect accuracy of diagnosis. Such situations result in economic waste and psychological distress. The author of this article attempts to review on the basis of the example of magnetic resonance the issues which often influence medical procedures, such as negligence of psychological dimension, which may play a paramount role and result in the success or failure of any medical procedure.
Physical activity of elderly people
Authors: Pavlova Iuliia , Vovkanych Lyubomyr , Vynogradskyi Bogdan
Published: July 2016

The aging is attended with changes in different physiological systems and body organ. This is the cause of worsening of movement activity for old adults. The review of age-related changes, their impact on human body functioning and development of activities strategies for seniors’ health preservation was the aim of the paper. The scientific literature review showed that the decreasing of functional possibilities is the cause of working capacity and social activity limitations. Physical activity is one of the methods for improving of fitness. It was proposed to choose physical exercises according to biological age of elderly person, their aging profile, the presence of disease and physical activity level. Optimal intensity and character of exercise were established for the old adults with and without chronic pathological disease. The feeling of well-being or heart rate indexes can be used for control by physical training.
Comparison of body posture in children depending on the age of starting school education – a pilot study
Authors: Trzeciak Marta , Barczyk-Pawelec Katarzyna
Published: July 2016

Introduction. The aim of the study was to assess posture in children depending on the age of starting school education.

Material and methods. A total of 64 students from classes I-II, including 22 six year olds and 42 seven year olds. The research material was divided into three groups: group I - first graders at the age of 6 years, group II - first graders at the age of 7 years, group III - second graders at the age of 7 years. Photogrammetric method was used for the analysis of posture in the sagittal plane.

Results. The study showed that the 7-year-old children have greater deviations of the parameters in the sagittal plane than 6-year-old children. 7-year-old children in the second grade had a posture closer to 6-year-olds who have just started attending school than their equals in the first grade.

Conclusions. Somatic analysis showed statistically significant differences in body weight between 6 and 7 year olds attending the first grade. Significant differences in the sagittal plane were shown in the angle of the lumbar-sacral segment, entire spine length, thoracic kyphosis length and lumbar lordosis angle.
Educational and therapeutic qualities of the Bones for Life method – Third Age University lectures
Authors: Salamon-Krakowska Katarzyna , Ławreszuk Ewa , Stępień Agnieszka
Published: July 2016

The advantages of the Bones for Life method (BFL) when working with the elderly cannot be overestimated. Bones for Life method may constitute an example of a modern practice of oneself, an example of empowerment which differs from the one offered by mass culture. Thanks to its philosophical underpinnings and consistency the BFL method is holistic in its approach i.e. it addresses the physical as well as the spiritual aspect of human nature thus avoiding treating instrumentally the psycho-physical unity of human beings. What is also significant in the BFL method is its ethical aspect as it combines therapeutic and educational qualities. Its constitutes an integral part of somatic education (a branch of knowledge still little known in Poland) and thus fosters personal development irrespective of the person’s age. Given the increase in demand for different forms of activity tailored for senior citizens perhaps we ought to take a closer look at methods well-known and practised elsewhere in the world.
Mechanotransduction as one of potential mechanisms of impact of massage on the organism
Authors: Andrzejewski Waldemar
Published: July 2016

Massage as a mechanical factor acting on the human body has long been used in the prophylaxis, treatment and restoration of functions when they were disturbed. Its effects on the body have not been explicitly confirmed and require further research. Mechanotransduction may be a potential mechanism of massage action. It is understood as a process in which the mechanical element is converted intracellularly into various types of electrical and chemical signals. Massage action consists primarily of the deformation of the connective tissue which is a component of various anatomical structures. During deformation of these structures, there comes to tension within the limits of their elasticity and thus to the transfer of pulling force via the integrins on the fibres forming the cell cytoskeleton inducing complex cellular reactions. They can be characterized by rapid changes occurring in tissues on hormonal basis or be of long-lasting nature consisting of the expression of growth factors initiating tissue structural adaptation to the changed external conditions.
Review of research on the impact of physical activity on mental state of the elderly
Authors: Morga Paulina , Traczyk Justyna , Wittenbeck Klaudyna , Zygmont Agnieszka
Published: July 2016

The aim of the review was to find the factors correlated to the state of mental and physical health of the elderly as well as the factors, behaviours and activities that can be influenced and potentially modified. We performed an analysis of results of research conducted in many places all across the world among the persons after the age of 50. The results of this research indicate a significant role of physical activity in functioning of the elderly. They show how it influences their performance of everyday activities, their mood and health. We discuss the research taking into account the diagnostic tools used, the interventions performed and their effectiveness.
Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire in medical practice and health promotion
Authors: Barabasz Monika , Lwow Felicja , Zadarko Emilian
Published: July 2016

The prevention of chronic diseases, especially metabolic disorders, is based on modification of behavioural risk factors, in particular eating habits and physical activity. Numerous population studies have demonstrated a relationship between regular physical activity and decreased levels of risk factors for CVD (cardiovascular disease), type 2 diabetes and some cancers. Increasing the level of physical activity as part of the programs implemented for disease prevention or health promotion for selected populations requires a behavioural diagnosis, whereby an essential element is the preferred leisure-time activity in terms of the structure of negative health indicators. Evaluation of physical activity under population studies requires a simple, validated and inexpensive tool to be used in medical practice or health promotion. The Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (MLTPAQ) is a tool currently often used and validated with laboratory methods. Standard MLTPAQ allows for assessment of the level of physical activity undertaken in leisure time. The authors present an algorithm for assessing leisure-time physical activity level based on MLTPAQ. The paper also reviews the practical application of the MLTPAQ questionnaire on healthy and patient populations in Poland and other countries by specialists in public health, health promotion and in medical practice.
Long-term results of physiotherapy in treatment of bronchial asthma – case study
Authors: Hupa Michał
Published: July 2016

Bronchial asthma is a common disease in this day and age, but despite our vast knowledge on it, it still represents a great challenge for contemporary medicine. The paper describes a case of a bronchial asthma patient from the moment of diagnosis until the present day. Based on extensive documentation of multiple stays in sanatoriums, and of outpatient treatment, the paper shows the course of the disease, as well as the applied treatment, rehabilitation and diagnostic tests (spirometry, blood gas test, radiography) that gave grounds for objective assessment of patient’s health and demonstrated the improvement.
Calibration of a three-dimensional photodynamic therapy illumination system and its segmentation assessment for port-wine stains
Authors: Feng Yun , Hu Xiaoming , Zhou Ya , Wang Yong
Published: July 2016

The uniformity of light dosimetry is an important parameter that affects the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although this uniformity can be improved by a three-dimensional (3D) digital PDT illumination system, it has a low field-of-view (FOV) utilization rate. A checkerboard calibration method using color coding is proposed to calibrate both the projector and camera of the system with a broad common FOV. Experiments reveal that the proposed method increases the utilization rate by up to three times compared with noncolor-coding methods with almost the same accuracy. A fine distinction of phantom lesions in the 3D system can be obtained by clustering, which may be used to optimize the treatment and light-dosimetry evaluation.
Acute Resistance Exercise Performance Is Negatively Impacted by Prior Aerobic Endurance Exercise
Authors: Ratamess Nicholas A. , Kang Jie , Porfido Tara M. , Ismaili Craig P. , Selamie Soraya N. , Williams Briana D. , Kuper Jeremy D. , Bush Jill A. , Faigenbaum Avery D.
Published: July 2016

Ratamess, NA, Kang, J, Porfido, TM, Ismaili, CP, Selamie, SN, Williams, BD, Kuper, JD, Bush, JA, and Faigenbaum, AD. Acute resistance exercise performance is negatively impacted by prior aerobic endurance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2667–2681, 2016—The purpose of the present study was to examine acute resistance exercise (RE) performance after 4 different aerobic endurance (AE) protocols. Eleven healthy, resistance-trained men (21.0 ± 1.2 years) performed a control RE protocol and 4 RE protocols 10 minutes after different AE protocols in random sequence. The RE protocol consisted of 5 exercises (high pull, squat, bench press, deadlift, and push press) performed for 3 sets of 6–10 repetitions with 70–80% of one repetition-maximum (1RM) with 3-minute rest intervals in between sets. The AE protocols consisted of treadmill running at velocities corresponding to: (a) 60% of their V̇o
2 reserve (V̇o
2R) for 45 minutes (P1); (b) 75% of their V̇o
2R for 20 minutes (P2); (c) 90–100% of V̇o
2R in 3-minute intervals (1:1 ratio) for 5 sets (P3); and (d) 75% of V̇o
2R (4.5 mph) uphill (6–9% grade) for 20 minutes (P4). Completed repetitions, average power and velocity, heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed each set. Protocols P1–P4 resulted in 9.1–18.6% fewer total repetitions performed compared with the control RE protocol with the squat experiencing the greatest reduction. Average power and velocity were significantly reduced for the high pull, squat, and bench press after most AE protocols. Ratings of perceived exertion values for the high pull and squat were significantly higher in P1–P4 compared with control. Heart rate was significantly higher during RE after P1–P4 compared with control by 4.3–5.5%. These results indicate acute RE performance is significantly compromised in healthy men after AE exercise of different type, intensity, and duration with largest reductions observed after high-intensity interval exercise.
Learning to Fish with Genetics: A Primer on the Vertebrate ModelDanio rerio
Authors: Holtzman Nathalia G , Iovine M Kathryn , Liang Jennifer O , Morris Jacqueline
Published: July 2016

In the last 30 years, the zebrafish has become a widely used model organism for research on vertebrate development and disease. Through a powerful combination of genetics and experimental embryology, significant inroads have been made into the regulation of embryonic axis formation, organogenesis, and the development of neural networks. Research with this model has also expanded into other areas, including the genetic regulation of aging, regeneration, and animal behavior. Zebrafish are a popular model because of the ease with which they can be maintained, their small size and low cost, the ability to obtain hundreds of embryos on a daily basis, and the accessibility, translucency, and rapidity of early developmental stages. This primer describes the swift progress of genetic approaches in zebrafish and highlights recent advances that have led to new insights into vertebrate biology.
Weaving a Tapestry from Threads Spun by Geneticists: The Series Perspectives on Genetics, 1987–2008
Authors: Dove William F
Published: July 2016

The Perspectives column was initiated in 1987 when Jan Drake, Editor-in-Chief of GENETICS, invited Jim Crow and William Dove to serve as coeditors of “Anecdotal, Historical, and Critical Commentaries.” As the series evolved over 21 years, under the guidance of Crow and Dove, the input of stories told by geneticists from many countries created a panorama of 20th-century genetics. Three recurrent themes are visible: how geneticists have created the science (as solitary investigators, in pairs, or in cooperative groups); how geneticists work hard, but find ways to have fun; and how public and private institutions have sustained the science of genetics, particularly in the United States. This article ends by considering how the Perspectives series and other communication formats can carry forward the core science of genetics from the 20th into the 21st century.
Complex Traits and Simple Systems: An Interview with Leonid Kruglyak
Authors: Kruglyak Leonid
Published: July 2016

The Genetics Society of America’s Edward Novitski Prize recognizes an extraordinary level of creativity and intellectual ingenuity in the solution of significant problems in genetics research. The 2016 winner, Leonid Kruglyak, has made innovative contributions to the fields of linkage analysis, population genetics, and genomics, while drawing on a combination of mathematical, computational, and experimental approaches. Among other achievements, his work on statistical standards for genome-wide linkage studies has transformed their experimental design, and the linkage analysis program GENEHUNTER has been used to identify hundreds of human disease loci. Kruglyak’s group also pioneered expression quantitative trait locus studies, which enabled variation in global gene expression to shed light on the genetics of complex human diseases. In recent years, his laboratory has focused on using genomic technology to establish Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans as model organisms for studies of complex genetic variation.
Los Proyectos Ambientales Escolares. Herramientas de gestión ambiental
Authors: Mora Ortiz Juan Ricardo
Published: July 2016

El autor hace un análisis de los Proyectos Ambientales Escolares (PRAE) de 11 instituciones educativas distritales en la UPZ 85 (localidad de Bosa) de Bogotá para determinar cómo contribuye esta herramienta educativa a la generación de mecanismos y procesos de gestión ambiental local. La revisión de los documentos se complementa con entrevistas a las personas encargadas de dirigir los PRAE y sus respuestas son examinadas mediante una prueba estadística no paramétrica de Wilcoxon. El estudio identifica algunos avances en las dinámicas propias de este territorio y ciertas falencias en términos de participación, inclusión y mejora de las situaciones ambientales, por eso este artículo busca llamar la atención sobre la importancia de los procesos comunitarios, la necesidad de generar empoderamiento de los habitantes sobre su entorno construido y natural, además de la formación ciudadana como alternativa de desarrollo en el marco del crecimiento urbano y poblacional.
UMA EXPERIÊNCIA PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO DE JARDIM HISTÓRICO DE BURLE MARX NO RECIFE, BRASIL
Authors: Sá Carneiro Ana Rita , Silva Joelmir Marques da , Amorim Giseli , Duarte Mirela
Published: July 2016

Conservar jardins históricos ainda é uma ação pouco considerada no planejamento urbano no Brasil. Por isso é de grande relevância o relato de experiências para estimular futuras intenções. O artigo apresenta uma experiência de workshop sobre restauro de jardim histórico ocorrida na cidade do Recife, no Nordeste do Brasil, em 2012, tendo como objeto, a Praça Ministro Salgado Filho projetada pelo paisagista Roberto Burle Marx em 1957. A praça faz parte de um conjunto de jardins projetados pelo paisagista em Recife entre 1935 e 1958 que está em processo de tombamento pelo governo federal para tornar-se patrimônio cultural. Como o uso da praça decaiu desde 2000, foi elaborado um projeto de restauração em 2008, porém não executado. O workshop significou um momento de avaliação desse projeto de restauração de modo a suscitar possíveis avanços no sentido de aperfeiçoá-lo. A arquiteta paisagista responsável, Cristina Castel-Branco, introduziu os fundamentos da teoria da restauração para apoiar a aplicação do método de restauro de jardim histórico durante três dias de trabalho reunindo professores e alunos de universidades, e técnicos de instituições de planejamento. O produto alcançado elevou o nível dos procedimentos adotados agregando critérios de análise, o que implicou na capacitação dos participantes e apontou perspectivas positivas de inclusão no planejamento urbano local.
Bioética urbana: La ciudad como bien común
Authors: SARMIENTO MARÍA LAURA
Published: July 2016

Los principios de la sustentabilidad no tienen que ver sólo con el uso del territorio en cuanto a los principios ecológicos, sino además debemos lograr otras cuestiones que hacen a la sustentabilidad, como la democracia, la justicia, la igualdad, como el respeto al valor agregado que tienen las diversidades, tiene que ver con la participación de todos los ciudadanos y ciudadanas del mundo (Rivas 2013).Es en este sentido de sustentabilidad que nos interpela el estado de la realidad en las ciudades de las que somos partícipes como arquitectos/as y urbanistas. De este modo, nos preguntamos: ¿Cuál es la intención de la arquitectura por estos tiempos que corren?¿Qué lugar ocupa en la construcción de la ciudad la Carta de la Tierra y el Buen Vivir? ¿Qué desafíos debiera asumir la arquitectura en su relación con la ciudad, reivindicada  ésta como bien común?  Intentaremos dar cuenta de estas interpelaciones a los fines de trazar un primer esbozo acerca de acuerdos posibles para la construcción de la ciudad como bien común, en el que proponemos la construcción de una Bioética Urbana que contemple y reconozca el vínculo con las maneras de habitar diferentes a las convencionales y sea responsable de dicha diversidad y amplitud, haciéndola su sustento.
APROXIMACIÓN A LA CAPACIDAD ECOSISTÉMICA NECESARIA PARA EL MACROCOMPLEJO EUROVEGAS, ESPAÑA
Authors: Córdoba Hernández Rafael
Published: July 2016

La crisis económica y social española reciente, la caída del mercado inmobiliario y el auge del turismo está provocando un resurgimiento de proyectos singulares, donde el ocio o la segunda residencia son la idea principal. En este contexto, surge el proyecto de construir un complejo de juego y ocio similar a Las Vegas, pero de menor tamaño, en una localidad próxima a la capital. Las motivaciones políticas y económicas derivadas de la posible creación de empleo por el proyecto dejaron de lado la valoración del posible impacto territorial que tendría.La falta de información sobre las negociaciones hizo que los pocos datos cuantificables del complejo fueran apareciendo en la prensa nacional de manera parcial e intermitente. Con ellos, y a través de una comparación con los datos oficiales de consumo de otros proyectos, tratamos de hacer una aproximación a la capacidad de los ecosistemas que había exigido el complejo.Con este análisis se plantea cómo con unos números gordos sobre diferentes factores ecosistémicos se puede realizar una primera aproximación sobre la idoneidad (o no) de la adecuación de un proyecto en un territorio y cuáles podrían ser los efectos desde el punto de vista de la sostenibilidad.
El mercado inmobiliario y la producción privada de viviendas: una aproximación a las estrategias empresariales en la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: Capdevielle Julieta
Published: July 2016

La primacía dada a los factores estructurales y a la temática de la mundialización en el estudio del cambio urbano dio un énfasis, quizás excesivo, a la definición y a la descripción de la ‘ciudad global’, en detrimento de un estudio de los procesos, los agentes y las prácticas concretas. Para suplir esta carencia, a lo largo de este artículo, se analizan los mecanismos y estrategias concretas de apropiación material y simbólica del espacio urbano que los grupos empresariales ponen en juego. Dentro del conjunto de prácticas se abordan, principalmente las estrategias de unión, las vinculadas al Estado Municipal, las de comercialización y, por último, las de emplazamientos. Posteriormente, se delinean algunas de las consecuencias de las transformaciones urbanas.
Emigración e inmigración internacional en el área metropolitana de Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Córdoba Aldana John Harold
Published: July 2016

El siguiente artículo presenta parte de los resultados de una investigación que relaciona la movilidad internacional con las dinámicas residenciales en Bogotá (Colombia). Tiene como objetivo analizar las dinámicas espaciales de la emigración y la inmigración internacional en la capital colombiana. El estudio está basado en el análisis de los censos de población de 1993 y 2005, así como una encuesta biográfica desarrollada en el programa METAL durante el periodo 2009-2010. El texto es una entrada a la comprensión de las dinámicas residenciales y al cambio urbano, en este caso, desde la migración internacional en el área metropolitana de Bogotá.
El sistema urbano en Colombia y la formación metropolitana: una aproximación desde la Nueva Geografía Económica
Authors: León Nohra , Ruiz Cesar A.
Published: July 2016

La metropolización se puede entender como un proceso social y económico espacial que suele ocurrir en el marco de sistemas urbanos, por lo que se puede asumir también como un proceso de un subsistema urbano específico. El presente artículo busca, desde este marco, comprender el proceso de metropolización de las principales grandes ciudades colombianas a lo largo de siglo xx y parte del actual. Esta aproximación encuentra, desde la llamada Nueva Geografía Económica, algunas explicaciones válidas. Tres características pueden derivarse de esta visión: formación dinámica de estructuras espaciales, jerarquía urbana y evolución espacio-temporal de la jerarquía. Los cambios del sistema urbano explorados resultan útiles para explicar algunos rasgos de los procesos de metropolización colombiana, así como la dinámica de re-acomodamiento de su concentración urbana.
Competitividad territorial capitalista y despojo del agua en el área de influencia metropolitana de Cali (Colombia)
Authors: Buitrago Bermudez Oscar
Published: July 2016

Para proponer el concepto de plataforma territorial de competitividad capitalista, se inicia por cuestionar la forma reducida y sesgada de entender el concepto de territorio en el ámbito de la práctica de despojo del agua, en particular, y de la naturaleza, en general. Se plantea el concepto de plataforma territorial de competitividad, entendido como un sistema de territorialidades que articula áreas periféricas al sistema global capitalista, para entender los procesos de expoliación de la naturaleza y el abuso, por parte del Estado y loscapitalistas, sobre las sociedades locales. A partir de este enfoque, se describe el despojo del agua en el marco de las contradicciones del modelo económico capitalista instaurado en Colombia. En el ámbito de la gestión ambiental del agua, la principal evidencia de la presencia de la plataforma territorial de competitividad es la pérdida de institucionalidad ambiental y departamental, la cual facilita la expansión del territorio cañícola.
Defender la capital: el aseguramiento de espacio de dependencia de Bogotá durante el gobierno de Uribe Vélez
Authors: Peña Luis Berneth
Published: July 2016

Con el desarrollo de enormes operaciones militares durante los gobiernos de Álvaro Uribe (2002-2010), destinadas a expulsar a las organizaciones guerrilleras de las áreas metropolitanas, se puso de presente que la defensa y securización de los espacios de dependencia de las ciudades es un elemento fundamental de la territorialidad del Estado. En este artículo, se analiza el lugar que ocupan estas políticas de seguridad dentro del conjunto de políticas de territoriales del Estado, enfatizando que las estrategias de seguridad no son un ámbito nuevo de intervención política, sino un problema esencial de la formación del Estado. Igualmente, se analiza la red multiescalar de actores que conforman el aseguramiento de la región metropolitana de Bogotá,exponiendo el desarrollo de la operación militar “Libertad Uno”. Con este análisis se busca constituir una línea de investigación sobre las geopolíticas urbanas.
Hospedándose en la ciudad global: patrones de localización de los hoteles de lujo en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Hidalgo Rodrigo , Azar Paula , Borsdorf Axel , Paulsen Alex
Published: July 2016

Chile se está convirtiendo en uno de los destinos más importantes en América Latina, especialmente, con su capital, Santiago. Así, asume un papel fundamental en los atractivos turísticos de familias, turistas urbanos y de negocios. Estos últimos juegan un rol importante dentro de este contexto, ya que las cadenas internacionales han construido numerosos hoteles de lujo dirigidos a ellos, alcanzando los estándares de las ciudades globales. La continua reestructuración económico-urbana de las metrópolis ha producido una distribución policéntrica de los hoteles de lujo; la mayoría de ellos, los más costosos y ostentosos, se ubican en la ciudad moderna. El aeropuerto, los centros de innovación y parques de negocio, al igual que el centro de la ciudad, también han formado parte de este nicho de inversión. En el caso del área de estudio analizada, las localizaciones de los hoteles de lujo muestran patrones que reflejan una nueva producción del espacio por parte de los agentes privados, en su búsqueda de una mejor capitalización de la renta urbana. Ello se refleja en la estructura intraurbana de los precios y la distribución de los hoteles de lujo.
Montoya, Jhon Williams, Rodrigo Hidalgo, Peter Brand y Leonel Pérez (editores). Metropolizaciones Colombia-Chile: Experiencias de Bogotá, Medellín, Santiago y Concepción.
Authors: Silva Álvarez Luz Ángela
Published: July 2016

El libro Metropolizaciones Colombia-Chile: Experiencias de Bogotá, Medellín, Santiago y Concepción surge en el mar- co de la alianza entre dos grupos de investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia: el Grupo de Estudios sobre la Problemática Urbano-Regional en Colombia (Geourbe) del Departamento de Geografía, sede Bogotá; y el de Dinámicas Urbano-Regionales de la Facultad de Arquitectura, sede Medellín. Posteriormente, la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile se sumó a la alianza con la organización del seminario Dinámicas Metropolitanas Colombia-Chile, diálogo entre Bogotá, Medellín, Santiago y Concepción, en noviembre de 2012 en la ciudad de Santiago. Los trabajos allí presentados fueron la base para la edición y materialización de esta interesante obra que contiene diecisiete textos, en los que se examina el proceso de metropolización en cuatro ciudades de Colombia y Chile desde diferentes perspectivas, donde el término ‘metro- polizaciones’, en plural, sugiere la riqueza de aportes y enfoques tanto teóricos como metodológicos, expuestos para estudiar las metrópolis en cuanto a sus particulari- dades, formas y dinámicas resultantes.
Medical Students' Preferences Regarding Preclinical Exam Scheduling: Implications for Improving Student Well-being
Authors: Jayakumar, BS Kishore , Lapin, PhD Jennifer , Kogan, MD Jennifer
Published: July 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background:Medical student burnout is prevalent. Investigators have called for research evaluating whether institutional and curricular interventions can improve student wellness. The impact that exam scheduling has on medical student burnout has not been studied.Aim:To determine medical students' perceptions of the impact of preclinical exam scheduling on well-being.Methods:In 2014, a 36-item web-based survey was sent to 339 preclinical students attending the Perelman School of Medicine. Questions elicited demographics, scheduling preferences, and attitudes about how exam scheduling influenced ten burnout-associated or educationally relevant factors.Results:The survey response rate was 56%. Respondents most preferred Friday (73%, n = 139) and least preferred Monday (58%, n = 112) exams. Students selected Friday as the exam day most likely to result in improved quality of life; improved work-life balance; increased ability to pursue leisure activities/outside interests; improved mental health; decreased stress level; increased ability to visit significant others, friends, and family; and increased ability to promptly engage with material in the subsequent course.Conclusions:Scheduling preclinical exams on Fridays may be a curricular intervention that improves medical student well-being. Research is needed to determine generalizability of findings and influence of exam scheduling on knowledge acquisition and exam performance.
THE ROLE OF METABOLIC SURGERY FOR PATIENTS WITH OBESITY GRADE I ANDCLINICALLY UNCONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: CAMPOS Josemberg , RAMOS Almino , SZEGO Thomaz , ZILBERSTEIN Bruno , FEITOSA Heládio , COHEN Ricardo
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Introduction : Even considering the advance of the medical treatment in the last 20 years with new and more effective drugs, the outcomes are still disappointing as the control of obesity and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with a large number of patients under the medical treatment still not reaching the desired outcomes. Objective : To present a Metabolic Risk Score to better guide the surgical indication for T2DM patients with body mass index (BMI) where surgery for obesity is still controversial. Method : Research was conducted in PubMed, Medline, PubMed Central, Scielo and Lilacs between 2003-2015 correlating headings: metabolic surgery, obesity and type 2 diabetesmellitus. In addition, representatives of the societiesinvolved, as an expert panel, issued opinions. Results : Forty-five related articles were analyzed by evidence-based medicine criteria. Grouped opinions sought to answer the following questions: Why metabolic and not bariatric surgery?; Mechanisms involved in glycemic control; BMI as a single criterion for surgical indication for uncontrolled T2DM; Results of metabolic surgery studies in BMI<35 kg/m2; Safety of metabolic surgery in patients with BMI<35 kg/m2; Long-term effects of surgery in patients with baseline BMI<35 kg/m2 and Proposal for a Metabolic Risk Score. Conclusion : Metabolic surgery has well-defined mechanisms of action both in experimental and human studies. Gastrointestinal interventions in T2DM patients with IMC≤35 kg/m2 has similar safety and efficacy when compared to groups with greater BMIs, leading to the improvement of diabetes in a superior manner than clinical treatment and lifestyle changes, in part through weight loss independent mechanisms . There is no correlation between baseline BMI and weight loss in the long term with the success rate after any surgical treatment. Gastrointestinal surgery treatment may be an option for patients with T2DM without adequate clinical control, with a BMI between 30 and 35, after thorough evaluation following the parameters detailed in Metabolic Risk Score defined by the surgical societies. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), because of its well known safety and efficacy and longer follow-up studies, is the main surgical technique indicated for patients eligible for surgery through the Metabolic Risk Score. The vertical sleeve gastrectomy may be considered if there is an absolute contraindication for the RYGB. T2DM patients should be evaluated by the multiprofessional team that will assess surgical eligibility, preoperative work up, follow up and long term monitoring for micro and macrovascular complications.
THE EXPERIENCE OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH CANCER IN TREATMENT FAILURE CONDITIONS
Authors: Alves Karine de Melo Cezar , Comassetto Isabel , Almeida Thayse Gomes de , Trezza Maria Cristina Soares Figueiredo , Silva Jovânia Marques de Oliveira e , Magalhães Ana Paula Nogueira de
Published: July 2016

ABSTRATC Study based on Heidegger's existential phenomenology. The objective was to understand the experience of parents of children with cancer in treatment failure conditions. Participants were eight parents of eight patients seen at an oncology center from January to May 2014. Interviews were conducted guided by the question: Tell me about your experience of being a family member of a child with cancer in treatment failure conditions? Three ontological themes emerged: the phenomenon unveiled in the discovery of the child's cancer; experiencing the process involving the child's cancer; unveiling the possibility of the child's death. It was evidenced that the experience of these parents was permeated by intense and devastating feelings towards the early loss, annihilating dreams of a desired future. It is essential for nursing to look more attentively at the family of terminal patients.
WOMAN-WARRIOR, WOMAN-MAN: RECOGNITION OF THE WORK AND ITS MEANINGS IN THE PERCEPTION OF FEMALE RECYCLING WORKERS
Authors: Coelho Alexa Pupiara Flores , Beck Carmem Lúcia Colomé , Fernandes Marcelo Nunes da Silva , Machado Katiusci Lehnhard , Camponogara Silviamar
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The study aimed to reveal the recognition of the work and of its meanings in the perception of female recycling workers of a recycling cooperative. It is a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, undertaken with female recycling workers in a recycling cooperative in a municipality of the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data were produced through participant observation, semistructured interviews (held with seven women) and focus groups (with six women), between July and August 2013; the data were analyzed using content analysis. The results show that the dynamic of the recognition is complex and involves situations of valorization and of prejudice. The female workers elaborate individual and collective meanings for the work which they undertake, represented, principally, by the self image of "Woman-warrior" and "Woman-man". It is concluded that recognition and meanings of the work correlate with how the female recycling workers experience and understand their work.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE STUDY OF MORAL DISTRESS IN NURSES
Authors: Ramos Flávia Regina Souza , Barlem Edison Luis Devos , Brito Maria José Menezes , Vargas Mara Ambrosina , Schneider Dulcineia Ghizoni , Brehmer Laura Cavalcanti de Farias
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The objective of this reflective study was to propose conceptual elements for the analysis of moral distress as a process that articulates various concepts of moral experience. The moral distress is explored as a phenomenon manifested in different scenarios and dimensions of labor - care, management and education. Although a relative consensus exists on the concept and comparable empirical results in several countries, there are limited studies that explore theoretical gaps, critical points and possibilities to expand the analytical potential. In the search for consistent and updated theoretical supports for the changing needs of the field, the state of the art was surveyedn and a conceptual framework was designed to address moral distress as a process that articulates various concepts or moments of moral experience, such as uncertainty, moral sensitivity and moral deliberation. The proposed matrix articulates the development process of moral competencies or the construction of the ethical subject, present in pedagogical and philosophical discourses of interest to the profession.
ELEMENTS AND STRATEGIES FOR ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING IN NURSING
Authors: Nora Carlise Rigon Dalla , Deodato Sérgio , Vieira Margarida Maria da Silva , Zoboli Elma Lourdes Campos Pavone
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the elements and strategies that facilitate the ethical decision-making of nurses faced with ethical problems, from publications on the theme. An integrative literature review was carried out. Data collection was performed between the months of April and May 2014, in the databases: SciELO, CINAHL, LILACS and MEDLINE. Original, theoretical and case study articles, with a health team that included nurses, published in Portuguese, English and Spanish were included. A total of 19 studies were selected, the analysis of which resulted in three categories: external factors of ethical decision-making in nursing, individual factors of ethical decision-making in nursing and facilitating strategies of ethical decision-making in nursing. It was concluded that nurses need to use strategies that develop sensitivity, ability and ethical competence, in order to make prudent ethical decisions, contributing to the quality of health care.
A epidemia de doença pelo vírus Ebola de 2014: o Regulamento Sanitário Internacional na perspectiva da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos
Authors: Sampaio João Roberto Cavalcante , Schütz Gabriel Eduardo
Published: July 2016

Resumo Introdução No contexto da epidemia de doença pelo vírus Ebola (DVE) de 2014 na África Ocidental, este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as estratégias internacionais de controle de doenças transmissíveis com base no Regulamento Sanitário Internacional (RSI) da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), na perspectiva da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (DUDH) da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Método Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, realizado a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre DVE, tomando como fonte de dados documentos oficiais disponíveis nos sites oficiais da ONU, OMS e Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS), bem como artigos científicos relacionados ao tema, além da leitura do RSI e da DUDH. Resultado Os resultados mostraram que, durante a epidemia, as ações e as medidas de controle para o combate à doença desrespeitaram o RSI na perspectiva dos ideais de direito à saúde e de direitos humanos. Conclusão É necessário que agências e organizações que dispõem de poder decisório internacional se predisponham a acompanhar e auxiliar os países vulneráveis na África Ocidental para a garantia dos direitos humanos e evitar que novas epidemias possam acontecer.
EFEITO DO EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO SOBRE A SAÚDE E SOBRECARGA DE MÃES DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM PARALISIA CEREBRAL
Authors: Batista Moisés Rosa , Batista Jaqueline Pontes , Furtado Jussara Caetano , Rocha Junior Luiz Duarte de Ulhôa , Tavares Eduardo Henrique , Araújo Hygor Nunes , Pinto Rogério de Melo Costa , Morales Nívea de Macedo Oliveira
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Introdução: A paralisia cerebral (PC) é considerada a incapacidade física mais comum na infância. Essa doença afeta profundamente a saúde e o bem-estar dos indivíduos acometidos e também pode influenciar múltiplos aspectos da vida de seus cuidadores, especialmente as mães. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de exercício resistido sobre a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de mães de crianças e adolescentes com PC. Método: Vinte e duas mães sedentárias cuidadoras de crianças e adolescentes com PC, aptas à prática de exercício resistido, participaram de um programa de exercício resistido de intensidade moderada, em 2 sessões semanais durante 12 semanas. Todos os participantes responderam ao questionário de QVRS, Short Form Questionnaire (SF-36), à escala de sobrecarga Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS) e ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) antes e após o programa de intervenção. Os escores dos questionários pré e pós-intervenção foram comparados pelo teste de Wilcoxon e a magnitude das diferenças foi medida pelo tamanho do efeito. Resultados: A mediana de idade das mães foi de 41 anos e variou de 18 a 58 anos. A mediana da idade das crianças/adolescentes foi de 14 anos, variando 3 a 21 anos. Após a intervenção foram encontrados aumentos significativos nos escores do SF-36 (p < 0,05), exceto nos domínios aspectos físicos e aspectos emocionais, que já obtiveram pontuação máxima pré-intervenção. Os escores do CBS e do BDI tiveram redução significativa pós-intervenção (p < 0,05). Conclusão: A prática regular de exercícios resistidos tem impacto positivo sobre a QVRS, a percepção de sobrecarga e a intensidade de sintomas depressivos de mães cuidadoras de crianças e adolescentes com PC.
NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA EM ADOLESCENTES SAUDÁVEIS
Authors: Luciano Alexandre de Paiva , Bertoli Ciro João , Adami Fernando , Abreu Luiz Carlos de
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Introdução: A recomendação atual para prática de atividades físicas na infância e adolescência é de que todo jovem deveria envolver-se diariamente por 60 minutos ou mais em atividades físicas moderadas em cinco ou mais dias da semana, somando-se pelo menos 300 minutos de atividades físicas por semana. Poucos estudos sobre o nível de atividade física foram encontrados com amostras de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo a aplicação de um questionário para avaliar o nível de atividade física realizada e suas correlações com estágios da puberdade e índice de massa corporal (IMC) em adolescentes saudáveis matriculados na rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Taubaté, SP, Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal por meio de aplicação de um questionário (IPAQ) para avaliar o nível de atividade física e sua correlação com peso, altura e IMC de 202 adolescentes saudáveis. Resultados: O grupo de 15 a 17 anos, considerado pós-púbere nesta pesquisa, apresentou tempos significantemente maiores do que os demais grupos, quanto à resposta da questão 4b (p = 0,002), que indaga sobre o tempo total gasto sentado durante um dia de final de semana. Conclusão: O grupo de 9 a 11 anos, considerado pré-púbere nesta pesquisa, apresentou números significantemente maiores do que os demais grupos quanto às atividades lúdicas moderadas.
EFEITOS DO EXERCÍCIO RESISTIDO DE ALTA INTENSIDADE EM RATOS QUE RECEBERAM DEXAMETASONA
Authors: Rodrigues Rejane Walessa Pequeno , Abrahin Odilon , Sousa Evitom Corrêa de , Marçal Anderson Carlos
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Introdução: A dexametasona administrada cronicamente promove alterações deletérias no metabolismo dos carboidratos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do exercício resistido de alta intensidade sobre a sensibilidade à insulina, tolerância à glicose e força muscular de ratos submetidos ao uso crônico de dexametasona. Métodos: Foram utilizados 40 ratos machos divididos randomicamente em quatro grupos: 1) Controle Sedentário (CS); 2) Controle Treinado (CT); 3) Dexametasona Sedentário (DS) e 4) Dexametasona Treinado (DT). O exercício resistido foi realizado em aparelho de agachamento composto por três séries, 10 repetições, com intensidade de 75% de 1 RM durante quatro semanas. Concomitantemente, os grupos DS e DT recebiam diariamente dexametasona intraperitoneal (0,2 g/kg) e os grupos CS e CT recebiam somente solução salina (0,9%). Ao final do protocolo foram realizados testes de tolerância à glicose, sensibilidade à insulina e teste de força máxima. Resultados: Nos grupos treinados (CT e DT) houve aumento da força muscular de 14,78% e 36,87% respectivamente, sem ganho significativo nos grupos sedentários. No teste de tolerância à glicose, os grupos treinados (CT e DT) apresentaram amplitudes atenuadas da glicose plasmática quando comparados aos grupos sedentários (CS e DS). No teste de sensibilidade à insulina, o grupo DT apresentou menor área sob a curva em relação ao grupo DS. Conclusão: O exercício resistido de alta intensidade melhora a sensibilidade à insulina, tolerância à glicose e a força muscular em ratos que receberam a dexametasona.