bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of task load, spatial attention, and trait anxiety on neuronal responses to fearful and neutral faces
Authors: Schindler Sebastian , Richter Theresa Sofie , Bruchmann Maximilian , Busch Niko A. , Straube Thomas
Published: June 2022

There is an ongoing debate on how different components of the event‐related potential (ERP) to threat‐related facial expressions are modulated by attentional conditions and interindividual differences in trait anxiety. In the current study (N = 80), we examined ERPs to centrally presented, task‐irrelevant fearful and neutral faces, while participants had to solve a face‐unrelated visual task, which differed in difficulty and spatial position. Critically, we used a fixation‐controlled experimental design and ensured the spatial attention manipulation by spectral analysis of the EEG. Besides the factors emotion, spatial attention, and perceptual load, we also investigated correlations between trait anxiety and ERPs. While P1 emotion effects were insignificant, the N170 was increased to fearful faces regardless of load and spatial attention conditions. During the EPN time window, a significantly increased negativity for fearful faces was observed only during low load and spatial attention to the face. We found no significant relationship between ERPs and trait anxiety, questioning the hypothesis of a general hypersensitivity toward fearful expressions in anxious individuals. These results show a high resistance of the N170 amplitude increase for fearful faces to spatial attention and task load manipulations. By contrast, the EPN modulation by fearful faces index a resource‐dependent stage of the ERP, requiring both spatial attention at the location of faces and low load of the face‐irrelevant task.
Measuring representative volume elements from high‐resolution grain‐scale strain fields
Authors: B. Vieira Renato , Lambros John
Published: June 2022

Most crystalline materials present a highly heterogeneous response at the microscale, which can be affected by both internal factors (such as microstructural parameters) and external factors (such as loading). Relating microscale inhomogeneities to the macroscale response of a material requires the use of homogenisation techniques, usually based on the concept of a representative volume element (RVE)—the smallest volume of material that represents the global average response. In this work, we present a new and robust experimental method of measuring the size of a strain‐based RVE from high‐resolution grain‐scale strain fields obtained using digital image correlation (DIC). The proposed method is based on the statistical (stereological) nature of the RVE, which has been widely adopted in numerical studies, and involves dividing a strain field into randomly selected regions of varying sizes and statistically analysing the distributions of average strains within them. To validate the new method, we generate a large number of synthetic strain fields from a fractional Gaussian noise algorithm. The proposed stereological method is shown to be capable of producing reliable RVE measurements from a very large range of possible microscale strain fields while at the same time being robust in that it can produce RVE measurement results even in cases where other existing methods may be unable to do so. The proposed method has a low field‐of‐view requirement, only needing a field‐of‐view about 1.2 times as large as the RVE to produce reliable measurements. In addition, the stereological method offers significant flexibility since its statistical nature allows for control over how strict the RVE measurement should be in each case.
Sorghum Association Panel whole‐genome sequencing establishes cornerstone resource for dissecting genomic diversity
Authors: Boatwright J. Lucas , Sapkota Sirjan , Jin Hongyu , Schnable James C. , Brenton Zachary , Boyles Richard , Kresovich Stephen
Published: June 2022

Association mapping panels represent foundational resources for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity and serve to advance plant breeding by exploring genetic variation across diverse accessions. We report the whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) of 400 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) accessions from the Sorghum Association Panel (SAP) at an average coverage of 38× (25–72×), enabling the development of a high‐density genomic marker set of 43 983 694 variants including single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (approximately 38 million), insertions/deletions (indels) (approximately 5 million), and copy number variants (CNVs) (approximately 170 000). We observe slightly more deletions among indels and a much higher prevalence of deletions among CNVs compared to insertions. This new marker set enabled the identification of several novel putative genomic associations for plant height and tannin content, which were not identified when using previous lower‐density marker sets. WGS identified and scored variants in 5‐kb bins where available genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) data captured no variants, with half of all bins in the genome falling into this category. The predictive ability of genomic best unbiased linear predictor (GBLUP) models was increased by an average of 30% by using WGS markers rather than GBS markers. We identified 18 selection peaks across subpopulations that formed due to evolutionary divergence during domestication, and we found six Fstpeaks resulting from comparisons between converted lines and breeding lines within the SAP that were distinct from the peaks associated with historic selection. This population has served and continues to serve as a significant public resource for sorghum research and demonstrates the value of improving upon existing genomic resources.
Energy Assessment and Economic Study of Solar Floor Heating System in Different Climates in Morocco
Authors: Oubenmoh S. , Allouhi A. , Sebbar E. H. , Saadani R. , Jamil A. , Ait Mssad A. , Rahmoune M. , Bentaleb M.
Published: June 2022

Currently, the development of energy production projects in the building sector using alternative energy sources such as solar energy is growing rapidly. This increasing technological progress to achieve the needs of comfort and safety can be considered a major priority, particularly with concerns about energy shortages and current environmental issues threatening not only human well-being but ecosystems as well. The present research aims to provide a comprehensive model for enhancing the energetic performance of rural Moroccan houses, by exploring solar radiant heating systems. The evaluation of the solar floor heating system is carried out by trnsys to evidence the effect of various design parameters on performance indexes of the system concerning six Moroccan cities, which representatively correspond to the Moroccan climatic zoning. The examined analyses cover the effect of the collector area, storage tank volume, and mass flowrate in the solar loop and the building heating loop. Moreover, how the variation of thickness and piping material affect the performances was discussed as well. The major finding of this work is optimizing the system performance gives the possibility to meet adequately the heating load. The energetic analysis shows the system's adaptability to the Moroccan climate, whose solar fraction is around 65% and 87%. For most of the examined sites, it was observed that the demand for auxiliary energy is limited from October to May. The economic investigations revealed that payback periods of the examined system ranged between 7 and 13 years. Besides, the energy and economic outcomes of such systems in Morocco, they are capable to mitigate the huge amount of CO2 emissions as compared to conventional heating systems.
Generative Inverse Design of Aerodynamic Shapes Using Conditional Invertible Neural Networks
Authors: Warey Alok , Raul Vishal , Kaushik Shailendra , Han Taeyoung , Chakravarty Rajan
Published: June 2022

Conditional invertible neural networks (cINNs) were used for generative inverse design of aerodynamic shapes for a given aerodynamic performance target. The methodology was used to generate two-dimensional (2D) airfoil shapes for a target lift coefficient and three-dimensional (3D) vehicle shapes for a low drag vehicle given an aerodynamic drag coefficient target. Training data for both cases were generated for the forward process i.e., aerodynamic performance as a function of design variables that define the airfoil or vehicle shape, using design of experiments (DOE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Due to the structure of the cINNs, the inverse process was learned implicitly, i.e., samples from latent space were transformed back to the design variables. The designs generated by the trained cINN model were simulated under identical conditions to check if they met the desired aerodynamic performance target. The distribution of design variables conditioned on a performance target learned by the cINN model was compared to the distribution in the training data. cINNs provide an easy-to-use tool to generate new designs that meet the desired aerodynamic performance, thereby, reducing the iteration time between aerodynamicists and stylists. In case of vehicle shape generation, since all generated vehicle shapes meet the aerodynamic performance target, the designer can select the shapes that do not conflict with other design constraints such as the interior volume, comfort, styling, and various safety requirements.
Design and Validation of a Torque-Controllable Series Elastic Actuator-Based Hip Exoskeleton for Dynamic Locomotion
Authors: Kang Inseung , Peterson Reese R. , Herrin Kinsey R. , Mazumdar Anirban , Young Aaron J.
Published: June 2022

Series elastic actuators (SEAs) are increasingly popular in wearable robotics due to their high fidelity closed-loop torque control capability. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to characterize its performance when used in dynamic environments. However, the conventional design approach does not fully capture the complexity of the entire exoskeleton system. These limitations stem from identifying design criteria with inadequate biomechanics data, utilizing an off-the-shelf user interface, and applying a benchtop-based proportional-integral-derivative control for actual low-level torque tracking. While this approach shows decent actuator performance, it does not consider human factors such as the dynamic back-driving nature of human-exoskeleton systems as well as soft human tissue dampening during the load transfer. Using holistic design guidelines to improve the SEA-based exoskeleton performance during dynamic locomotion, our final system has an overall mass of 4.8 kg (SEA mass of 1.1 kg) and can provide a peak joint torque of 108 Nm with a maximum velocity of 5.2 rad/s. Additionally, we present a user state-based feedforward controller to further improve the low-level torque tracking for diverse walking conditions. Our study results provide future exoskeleton designers with a foundation to further improve SEA-based exoskeleton’s torque tracking response for maximizing human-exoskeleton performance during dynamic locomotion.
A hold-and-feed mechanism drives directional DNA loop extrusion by condensin
Authors: Shaltiel Indra A. , Datta Sumanjit , Lecomte Léa , Hassler Markus , Kschonsak Marc , Bravo Sol , Stober Catherine , Ormanns Jenny , Eustermann Sebastian , Haering Christian H.
Published: June 2022

Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes structure genomes by extruding DNA loops, but the molecular mechanism that underlies their activity has remained unknown. We show that the active condensin complex entraps the bases of a DNA loop transiently in two separate chambers. Single-molecule imaging and cryo–electron microscopy suggest a putative power-stroke movement at the first chamber that feeds DNA into the SMC–kleisin ring upon adenosine triphosphate binding, whereas the second chamber holds on upstream of the same DNA double helix. Unlocking the strict separation of “motor” and “anchor” chambers turns condensin from a one-sided into a bidirectional DNA loop extruder. We conclude that the orientation of two topologically bound DNA segments during the SMC reaction cycle determines the directionality of DNA loop extrusion.
Dynamic priorities for conserving species
Authors: McGuire Jenny L. , Shipley Benjamin R.
Published: June 2022

Animals’ ranges must be conserved while allowing movement for sustaining biodiversity
Inhibiting protein synthesis to treat malaria
Authors: Statsyuk Alexander V.
Published: June 2022

Covalent prodrugs inhibit protein synthesis targets killing parasites but not human cells
Glyphosate impairs bee thermoregulation
Authors: Crall James
Published: June 2022

The world’s most common herbicide affects social homeostasis in bumble bee colonies
A gentler way to tweak genes: epigenome editing
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: June 2022

Flipping genetic on-off switches can treat diseases in mice
Bisacodyl Limits Chikungunya Virus Replication
In Vitro
and Is Broadly Antiviral
Authors: LoMascolo Natalie J. , Cruz-Pulido Yazmin E. , Mounce Bryan C.
Published: June 2022

Identifying novel antivirals requires significant time and resource investment, and the continuous threat of viruses to human health necessitates commitment to antiviral identification and development. Developing antivirals requires years of research and validation, and recent outbreaks have highlighted the need for preparedness in counteracting pandemics.
Structural Analysis and Construction of a Thermostable Antifungal Chitinase
Authors: Kozome Dan , Uechi Keiko , Taira Toki , Fukada Harumi , Kubota Tomomi , Ishikawa Kazuhiko
Published: June 2022

We solved the crystal structure of the chitinase from Gazyumaru (
Ficus microcarpa
) latex exhibiting antifungal activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the thermostable mutant enzyme with a melting temperature (

T
m

) 6.9°C higher than wild type (WT) and a half-life at 60°C that is 15 times longer than WT was constructed through 10 amino acid substitutions, including 5 proline residues substitutions, making disulfide bonding, and building a salt bridge network in the enzyme.
Validation of an Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay and Commercial Q Fever Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Use in Macropods
Authors: Tolpinrud Anita , Stenos John , Chaber Anne-Lise , Devlin Joanne M. , Herbert Catherine , Pas An , Dunowska Magdalena , Stevenson Mark A. , Firestone Simon M.
Published: June 2022

Kangaroos are considered to be an important reservoir of Q fever in Australia, although there is limited knowledge on the true prevalence and distribution of coxiellosis in Australian macropod populations. Serological tests serve as useful surveillance tools, but formal test validation is needed to be able to estimate true seroprevalence rates, and few tests have been validated to screen wildlife species for Q fever.
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptomyces albus Strain G153
Authors: Takeda Tomoki , Fukumitsu Nodoka , Yuzawa Satoshi , Arakawa Kazuharu
Published: June 2022

The genus
Streptomyces
is a promising source of biologically active secondary metabolites. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Streptomyces albus
strain G153. The assembled genome comprised a single linear chromosome of 6.9 Mbp with a G+C content of 73.3%.
Draft Genome Sequences of Prototrophic and Biotin-Auxotrophic Fusarium langsethiae Strains Isolated from an Oat Grain in the Northern Region of Russia
Authors: Tanaka Aiko , Takemoto Daigo , Sato Ikuo , Chiba Sotaro , Gavrilova Olga , Gagkaeva Tatiana
Published: June 2022

Fusarium langsethiae
is a suspected plant-pathogenic fungus causing cereal contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins. Here, we report the genome sequences of two
F. langsethiae
strains, MFG217701 (a prototroph) and MFG217702 (a biotin auxotroph), isolated from a grain of oat harvested in Russia.
A Qualitative Comparison of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant Assay against Commonly Used Canadian SARS-CoV-2 Enzyme Immunoassays in Blood Donor Retention Specimens, April 2020 to March 2021
Authors: Abe Kento T. , Rathod Bhavisha , Colwill Karen , Gingras Anne-Claude , Tuite Ashleigh , Robbins Ninette F. , Orjuela Guillermo , Jenkins Craig , Conrod Valerie , Yi Qi-Long , O’Brien Sheila F. , Drews Steven J.
Published: June 2022

We describe the qualitative test characteristics of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay against four other anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays commonly used in Canada. Although there is no gold standard for identifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, aggregate standards can be used to assess seropositivity.
Isolation and Identification of Two Clinical Strains of the Novel GenotypeEnterovirus E5in China
Authors: Ji Chengyuan , Zhang Yao , Sun Ruini , Pan Zihao , Ma Jiale , Yao Huochun
Published: June 2022

Bovine enterovirus (BEV) is a cattle-infecting pathogen. This study is the first report of natural infection of a novel genotype of enterovirus in herds of cattle in China.
Intraoperative haemodynamic optimisation using the Hypotension Prediction Index and its impact on tissular perfusion: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lorente Juan Victor , Jimenez Ignacio , Ripollés-Melchor Javier , Becerra Alejandra , Wesselink Wilbert , Reguant Francesca , Mojarro Irene , Fuentes Maria de los Angeles , Abad-Motos Ane , Agudelo Elizabeth , Herrero-Machancoses Francisco , Callejo Paula , Bosch Joan , Monge Manuel Ignacio
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Intraoperative arterial hypotension is associated with poor postoperative outcomes. The Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) developed using machine learning techniques, allows the prediction of arterial hypotension analysing the arterial pressure waveform. The use of this index may reduce the duration and severity of intraoperative hypotension in adults undergoing non-cardiac surgery. This study aims to determine whether a treatment protocol based on the prevention of arterial hypotension using the HPI algorithm reduces the duration and severity of intraoperative hypotension compared with the recommended goal-directed fluid therapy strategy and may improve tissue oxygenation and organ perfusion.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial (N=80) in high-risk surgical patients scheduled for elective major abdominal surgery. All participants will be randomly assigned to a control or intervention group. Haemodynamic management in the control group will be based on standard haemodynamic parameters. Haemodynamic management of patients in the intervention group will be based on functional haemodynamic parameters provided by the HemoSphere platform (Edwards Lifesciences), including dynamic arterial elastance, dP/dtmax and the HPI. Tissue oxygen saturation will be recorded non-invasively and continuously by using near-infrared spectroscopy technology. Biomarkers of acute kidney stress (cTIMP2 and IGFBP7) will be obtained before and after surgery. The primary outcome will be the intraoperative time-weighted average of a mean arterial pressure <65 mm Hg.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics committee approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Hospital Gregorio Marañón (Meeting of 27 July 2020, minutes 18/2020, Madrid, Spain). Findings will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

NCT04301102.
∂̄-Dressing method for a generalized Hirota equation
Authors: Huang Yehui , Di Jingjing , Yao Yuqin
Published: June 2022

Based on a [Formula: see text] matrix [Formula: see text] problem, we have obtained the Lax pair by constructing a spectral transformation matrix. The Hirota equation with self-consistent sources is derived by considering the nonanalytic part of the dispersion relation. Furthermore, explicit solutions including N-soliton solutions are computed by [Formula: see text]-dressing method, and N-soliton solutions of the Hirota equation with self-consistent sources are obtained by using the properties of Cauchy matrix. The dynamic behavior of soliton solutions is analyzed.
Small Firm Growth: The Unfolding of a Trigger Point
Authors: Tunberg Maria , Gaddefors Johan
Published: June 2022

This study combines the concept of trigger points, events preceding bursts of growth, with a linguistic approach to show how firm growth unfolds through a process of translation. By marrying theories and methods rooted in the linguistic turn with firm growth theories, this study brings new insights on growth contributing to both the advancement of the trigger point concept and the wider understanding of entrepreneurial activities as complex and contextually bound processes dependent on human interaction. In doing so, the study also adheres to the current demand for advancing firm growth theory by relaxing the outcome-focussed approach and static life-cycle paradigm, and complementing it with alternative theoretical and methodological perspectives.
Lightweight Robust Size Aware Cache Management
Authors: Einziger Gil , Eytan Ohad , Friedman Roy , Manes Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Modern key-value stores, object stores, Internet proxy caches, and Content Delivery Networks (CDN) often manage objects of diverse sizes, e.g., blobs, video files of different lengths, images with varying resolutions, and small documents. In such workloads, size-aware cache policies outperform size-oblivious algorithms. Unfortunately, existing size-aware algorithms tend to be overly complicated and computationally expensive.

Our work follows a more approachable pattern; we extend the prevalent (size-oblivious) TinyLFU cache admission policy to handle variable-sized items. Implementing our approach inside two popular caching libraries only requires minor changes. We show that our algorithms yield competitive or better hit-ratios and byte hit-ratios compared to the state-of-the-art size-aware algorithms such as AdaptSize, LHD, LRB, and GDSF. Further, a runtime comparison indicates that our implementation is faster by up to 3× compared to the best alternative, i.e., it imposes a much lower CPU overhead.
IsiXhosa Named Entity Recognition Resources
Authors: Eiselen Roald , Bukula Andiswa
Published: June 2022

Named entity recognition has been one of the most widely researched natural language processing technologies over the past two decades. For the South African languages, however, relatively little research and development work has been done. This changed with the release of the NCHLT named entity annotated resources, a collection of named entity annotated data and Conditional Random Field-based named entity recognisers for ten of the official languages.

In this work, we provide a detailed description and linguistic analysis of the named entity (NE) annotated data for the agglutinative isiXhosa language, by analysing the morphosyntactic features relevant to the three main types of NE, viz. person, location, and organisation. From the data, we identify suffix and capitalisation features that may be good predictors of the different NE types. Based on these features, we describe the named entity recogniser and feature set developed as part of the NCHLT release. The recogniser has high precision, 0.9713 overall, but relatively low recall, 0.7409, especially for person names, 0.5963, resulting in an overall F-score of 0.8406. Although there are various avenues to improve the named entity recogniser, this is a significant release for a historically under-resourced language.
Construction of Knowledge Graph of 3D Clothing Design Resources Based on Multimodal Clustering Network
Authors: Zheng Jia , Hong Wei
Published: June 2022

The construction of 3D design model is a hotspot of applied research in the fields of clothing functional design system teaching and display. The simple 3D clothing visualization postprocessing lacks interactive functions, which is a hot issue that needs to be solved urgently at present. Based on analyzing the existing clothing modeling technology, template technology, and fusion technology, and based on the multimodal clustering network theory, this paper proposes a 3D clothing design resource knowledge graph modeling method with multiple fusion of features and templates. The position of each joint point is converted into the coordinate system centered on the torso point in advance and normalized to avoid the problem that the relative position of the camera and the collector cannot be determined, and the shape of different collectors is different. The paper provides a multimodal clustering network intelligence method, illustrates the interoperability of users switching between different design networks in the seamless connection movement, and combines the hybrid intelligence algorithm with the fuzzy logic interpretation algorithm to solve the problems in the field of 3D clothing design service quality. During the simulation process, the research scheme builds a logical multimodal clustering network framework, which integrates compatibility access and global access partition fusion of style templates to achieve information extraction of clothing parts. The experimental results show that the realistic 3D clothing modeling can be achieved by layering the 3D clothing map, contour features, clothing size features, and color texture features with the modeling template. The developed ActiveX control is mounted on MSN, and the system is compatible. The performance and integration rate reached 77.1% and 89.7%, respectively, which effectively strengthened the practical role of the 3D clothing design system.
Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Mucormycosis in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A 21-Case Series Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bao Jing , Liu Chunyu , Dong Yongxia , Xu Yu , Wang Zhanwei , Sun Kunkun , Xi Wen , Wang Keqiang , Gong Pihua , Gao Zhancheng
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Mucormycosis is a rare, invasive disease caused by opportunistic pathogens related to the Mucorales order with high fatality rates in immunocompromised hosts, especially in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis in recipients of allo-HSCT remains challenging. Purpose. The aim of this study is to summarize and analyze the clinical features of pulmonary mucormycosis in recipients of allo-HSCT to explore further clinical research directions for this rare fungal infection in the particular populations. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed pulmonary mucormycosis in patients who received allo-HSCT in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2020. A total of 21 patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for pulmonary mucormycosis according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria. Demographic and clinical data, mycological and histopathological records, and treatment and prognosis data were collected. Clinical variables were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. The survival days of patients with and without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and hemoptysis were compared separately. Results. Most of the recipients of allo-HSCT were male patients with a mean age of 43 years. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was the most common primary hematologic malignancy. Extrapulmonary involvement accounted for 28.6%, of the cases, including central nervous system (n = 5) and skin and soft tissue (n = 1). The median time to infection was 96 days after allo-HSCT. Clinical presentations were nonspecific, including fever (76.2%) and cough (85.7%), as well as dyspnea (19.0%), chest pain (38.1%), and hemoptysis (61.9%). Ground-glass infiltrates (95.0%) and nodules/masses (80%) were the most common radiographic patterns on chest CT. The most common pathogen was Rhizopus (63.2%), and breakthrough infection accounted for 90.5%. Fifteen of the patients died within one year, and the median time from diagnosis to death was 47 days. Conclusion. Mucormycosis is a fatal infection disease. Opportunistic infections in recipients of allo-HSCT are mainly breakthrough infections and may have a seasonal distribution (summer and autumn) and more cases of death in autumn. The marked reversed halo sign can be seen both in the initial stage of infection and after antifungal treatment. In our case series, patients with pulmonary mucormycosis with extrapulmonary involvement 100% died within one year. There are more patients with GVHD before infection and hemoptysis in nonsurvivors than survivors within 100 days. Patients with GVHD before infection and hemoptysis have a shorter survival time than those without.
Research on Intelligent Algorithm of the AC Motor Speed Regulation System Based on the Neural Network
Authors: Liu Xia , Bai Gang
Published: June 2022

One of the most challenging control problems has been the speed control of an alternating current (AC) motor due to the highly nonlinear characteristics and many uncertain parameters including the magnetic flux, temperature-dependent rotor resistance, and the variable load. In this study, an intelligent control algorithm is proposed for the AC motor speed control using a PID controller-based backpropagation neural network (BP-NN). The momentum factor adaptive learning rate algorithm is introduced to improve the PID-based BP-NN. A simulation model representing the complete AC motor speed regulation system is established and tested using the MATLAB program. The simulation results show that this control strategy has strong adaptability and robustness when the controlled object is unknown or the parameters change. Compared with other PID and neural network parameter adjustment methods, the model has the potential to intelligently regulate the speed of the AC motor.
Ensemble Learning Framework with GLCM Texture Extraction for Early Detection of Lung Cancer on CT Images
Authors: Althubiti Sara A. , Paul Sanchita , Mohanty Rajanikanta , Mohanty Sachi Nandan , Alenezi Fayadh , Polat Kemal
Published: June 2022

Lung cancer has emerged as a major cause of death among all demographics worldwide, largely caused by a proliferation of smoking habits. However, early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer through technological improvements can save the lives of millions of individuals affected globally. Computerized tomography (CT) scan imaging is a proven and popular technique in the medical field, but diagnosing cancer with only CT scans is a difficult task even for doctors and experts. This is why computer-assisted diagnosis has revolutionized disease diagnosis, especially cancer detection. This study looks at 20 CT scan images of lungs. In a preprocessing step, we chose the best filter to be applied to medical CT images between median, Gaussian, 2D convolution, and mean. From there, it was established that the median filter is the most appropriate. Next, we improved image contrast by applying adaptive histogram equalization. Finally, the preprocessed image with better quality is subjected to two optimization algorithms, fuzzy c-means and k-means clustering. The performance of these algorithms was then compared. Fuzzy c-means showed the highest accuracy of 98%. The feature was extracted using Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM). In classification, a comparison between three algorithms—bagging, gradient boosting, and ensemble (SVM, MLPNN, DT, logistic regression, and KNN)—was performed. Gradient boosting performed the best among these three, having an accuracy of 90.9%.
Analysis of Sentiment and Personalised Recommendation in Musical Performance
Authors: Wang Dan
Published: June 2022

Music performance research is a comprehensive study of aspects such as emotional analysis and personalisation in music performance, which help to add richness and creativity to the art of music performance. The labels in this paper in collaborative annotation contain rich personalised descriptive information as well as item content information and can therefore be used to help provide better recommendations. The algorithm is based on bipartite graph node structure similarity and restarted random wandering. It analyses the connection between users, items, and tags in the music social network, firstly constructs the adjacency relationship between music and tags, obtains the music recommendation list and indirectly associated music collection, then fuses the results according to the proposed algorithm, and reorders them to obtain the final recommendation list, thus realising the personalised music recommendation algorithm. The experiments show that the proposed method can meet the personalised demand of users for music on this dataset.
Activated Stellate Cell Paracrine HGF Exacerbated Pancreatic Cancer Cell Ferroptosis Resistance
Authors: Wu Qiwei , Song Lian , Guo Yaxin , Liu Sai , Wang Wenyao , Liu Huli , Gong Aihua , Liao Xiang , Zhu Haitao , Wang Dongqing
Published: June 2022

As a refractory tumor, pancreatic carcinoma is more vulnerable to ferroptosis, a novel regulated cell death mode. However, the exact role of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) in pancreatic cancer ferroptosis is still unclear. Using the coculture system, we revealed that activated PSCs promote pancreatic cancer cell ferroptosis resistance. Mechanistically, activated PSCs secreted HGF, which further activated the HGF receptor, c-MET, in pancreatic cancer cells, prevented lipid peroxidation, and ultimately triggered pancreatic cancer cell ferroptosis resistance in vitro and in vivo. TCGA and GEPIA databases also revealed a strong correlation between c-MET and antiferroptosis indicators. Our study supplied the evidence for the cross-talk between activated PSCs and pancreatic cancer cells in ferroptosis, which suggested a strategy to inhibit PSC paracrine signaling for preventing pancreatic carcinoma ferroptosis resistance.
Cycloastragenol Confers Cerebral Protection after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Suppressing Oxidative Insults and Neuroinflammation via the SIRT1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lin Weibin , Yao Hao , Lai Jinqing , Zeng Yile , Guo Xieli , Lin Shu , Hu Weipeng , Chen Junyan , Chen Xiangrong
Published: June 2022

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an acute cerebral vascular disease featured by oxidative insults and neuroinflammation. Cycloastragenol (CAG), the major active component of Astragalus radix, has a wide range of biological functions. However, the potential beneficial effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of CAG on SAH remain obscure. In the current study, the cerebroprotective effects and mechanism of CAG on SAH were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicated that CAG significantly suppressed SAH-triggered oxidative insults, inflammatory mediators production, microglia activation, and the neutrophil infiltration in the brain. In addition, CAG improved neurological function and ameliorated neuronal apoptosis and degeneration after SAH. In vitro results also revealed the therapeutic effects of CAG on neurons and microglia co-culture system. Mechanistically, CAG treatment upregulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, inhibited the levels of FoxO1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and p53 acetylation, and suppressed the subsequent oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. In contrast, inhibiting SIRT1 by pretreatment with Ex527 abrogated the protective actions of CAG both in vivo and in vitro models of SAH. Collectively, our findings indicated that CAG could be a promising and effective drug candidate for SAH.
Exacerbation of Mania due to Metronidazole in a Bipolar Disorder Patient
Authors: AlShakori Majed , Arain Savera I. , Thorakkattil Shabeer A. , Abdulkader Syed
Published: June 2022

Bipolar disorder is a mental health disorder where the patient experiences extreme shifts in mood marked by depression, mania, or hypomania. It affects their overall daily life activities and sleep patterns. This case report is of a 74-year-old female patient with bipolar disorder who experienced a manic episode after initiation of antibiotics to treat gallbladder perforation with abscess formation. The patient’s past medical history included Parkinson’s disease, diabetes mellitus, bipolar disorder, and acalculous cholecystitis. The patient required hospitalization for a cholecystostomy tube insertion for drainage. During hospitalization, the patient was started on empiric treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, including piperacillin/tazobactam and metronidazole. The patient remained stable during the inpatient stay and was discharged home one week later. She was prescribed cefuroxime and metronidazole to complete a 2-week duration of antibiotics. However, upon discharge, she developed manic symptoms, including lack of need to sleep, excessive talking, and severe agitation. Upon assessment, the psychiatric team decided to hold metronidazole as it has an adverse effect of mania as evidenced in drug information resources. The patient started to show immediate recovery from the symptoms with complete resolution of manic symptoms on the 3rd day following the discontinuation of metronidazole. This case emphasizes the increased need for vigilance in bipolar patients upon prescribing metronidazole. Also, further research is needed to predict the time to onset of manic symptoms and improvement in patient symptoms upon drug discontinuation.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Models to Predict the Tensile Strength of Glass Fiber-Modified Cemented Backfill Materials during the Mine Backfill Process
Authors: Zhu Lei , Gu Wenzhe , Liu Zhicheng , Qiu Fengqi
Published: June 2022

Cemented backfill coal mining technology is gradually becoming a key technology for green mining of coal resources. And cemented backfill materials generally have congenital defects such as poor crack resistance, poor durability, and high brittleness, which restrict the promotion and application of cemented backfill coal mining technology. Due to the complex stress environment of in situ stress, mining stress, water pressure, and gas pressure, cemented backfill materials need to have good mechanical properties, and glass fiber is usually used to mix into cemented backfill materials to improve its performance, but there are many problems including complex testing process, high cost, and long time-consuming in the study of mechanical properties of glass fiber-modified cemented backfill materials (GFCBM) by laboratory tests. Consequently, this study proposed and compared four artificial intelligence models to forecast the tensile strength of GFCBM. Firstly, the laboratory tests of tensile properties of GFCBM under different influence factors were implemented to supply the prediction model with dataset. The input variables are aeolian sand content, cement content, glass fiber length, and glass fiber content, and the output variable is the tensile strength of GFCBM. The correlation coefficient (

R

), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) are selected to assess the estimated performance of the hybrid intelligent model. The results indicate that the four hybrid artificial intelligence models show a latent capacity for forecasting the tensile strength of GFCBM, and according to the order from high to low, the prediction ability of the four prediction models is as follows: ABC-SVM, GA-SVM, SSA-SVM, and DE-SVM, and the corresponding

R

values are 0.9555, 0.9539, 0.9413, and 0.9359, respectively. The research findings are beneficial to promote the application of cemented backfill coal mining technology.
Reactive Oxygen Species are Essential for Placental Angiogenesis During Early Gestation
Authors: Yang Yike , Jin Huili , Qiu Yuhan , Liu Yamin , Wen Li , Fu Yong , Qi Hongbo , Baker Philip N. , Tong Chao
Published: June 2022

Background. Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with insufficient placental perfusion attributed to maldevelopment of the placental vasculature. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in angiogenesis, but their regulatory effects and mechanisms in placental vascular development remain unclear. Methods. Placental oxidative stress was determined throughout gestation by measuring 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant MitoQ was administered to pregnant mice from GDs 7.5 to 11.5; placental morphology and angiogenesis pathways were examined on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Moreover, we established a mouse mFlt-1-induced PE model and assessed blood pressure, urine protein levels, and placental vascular development on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with various H2O2 concentrations to evaluate cell viability, intracellular ROS levels, and tube formation capability. MitoQ, an AKT inhibitor and an ERK1/2 inhibitor were applied to validate the ROS-mediated mechanism regulating placental angiogenesis. Results. First-trimester placentas presented significantly higher MDA and 4HNE levels. MitoQ significantly reduced the blood vessel density and angiogenesis pathway activity in the placenta on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Serum sFlt-1 levels were elevated, and we observed poor placental angiogenesis and PE-like symptoms in cases with mFlt-1 overexpression. Moderate H2O2 treatment promoted HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis, whereas these improvements were abolished by MitoQ, AKT inhibitor, or ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment. Conclusions. Moderate ROS levels are essential for placental angiogenesis; diminishing ROS with potent antioxidants during placentation decreases placental angiogenesis and increases PE risk. Therefore, antioxidant therapy should be considered carefully for normal pregnant women during early gestation.
Comparative Performance Evaluation of FilmArray BioFire RP2.1 and MAScIR 2.0 Assays for SARS-CoV-2 Detection
Authors: Tazi Sophia , Kabbaj Hakima , Zirar Jalila , Zouaki Amal , El Amin Ghizlane , El Himeur Othman , Seffar Myriam
Published: June 2022

Background. RT-PCR is the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, but the lack of standardization of assays, whose diagnostic performance may widely vary, complicates the interpretation of the discrepancies that may be encountered. Study design. We conducted a retrospective study over a ten-month period at the Central Laboratory of Virology of Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat. We included nasopharyngeal swabs, positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 on FilmArray BioFire® Respiratory Panel 2.1 Plus, which were subjected to our laboratory’s reference test, MAScIR SARS-CoV-2 M kit 2.0, initially or after a freeze-thaw cycle. The results were compared, and each discrepant sample with sufficient volume underwent the third test, using ARGENE® SARS-CoV-2 R-GENE kit. Results. Of 80 SARS-CoV-2 negative samples on FilmArray, there were no discordant results, whereas of 80 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples on FilmArray, 21 had discordant results on MAScIR, and only 11 could be tested on ARGENE, revealing positive results in 6 cases. 12.7% and 76.5% correspond to the discordance rates for MAScIR (with one or both targets detected on FilmArray), while 14.3% and 100% correspond to those of ARGENE. As the estimated sensitivity and specificity of FilmArray, compared with MAScIR, were 100% and 79.2%, respectively, its lower limit of detection, and ARGENE assay results, made it difficult to distinguish between false positives on FilmArray and false negatives on MAScIR without further investigations. Conclusion. The implementation of a new assay in our laboratory revealed discrepancies suggesting a lack of sensitivity of our laboratory’s reference test, leading us consequently to retain the SARS-CoV-2 positive result of these discordant samples on FilmArray, regardless of the detection of one or both targets. Our study, which is, to our knowledge, the first comparing FilmArray RP2.1 and MAScIR 2.0 assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection, highlights the urgent need to standardize RT-PCR assays for COVID-19 diagnosis.
Impact of Early versus Late Referral to Nephrologists on Outcomes of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Northern India
Authors: Dhanorkar Manoj , Prasad Narayan , Kushwaha Ravi , Behera Manas , Bhaduaria Dharmendra , Yaccha Monika , Patel Manas , Kaul Anupama
Published: June 2022

Background. CKD patients are often asymptomatic in the early stages and referred late to nephrologists. Late referred patients carry a poor prognosis. There is a lack of data on outcomes associated with referral patterns in CKD patients from northern India. Methods. In this observational cohort study, all CKD patients who visited the nephrology OPD of the institute between Nov 1, 2018, and Dec 31, 2020, were classified as early referral (ER) if their first encounter with a nephrologist occurred more than one year before initiation of dialysis and education about dialysis (from a nurse or nephrologist). The remaining others were considered late referrals (LRs). The outcomes impact of early and late referrals was analyzed. Results. A total of 992 (male 656) CKD patients (ER, n = 475 and LR, n = 517) were enrolled. Patients referred early were older and diabetic and had higher BMI, better education, occupation, and socioeconomic status as compared to those referred late. The mean eGFR at first contact with the nephrologist was (25.4 ± 11.5 ml/min) in ER and 9.6 ± 5.7 ml/min in the LR group and had a higher comorbidity score. The CKD-MBD parameters, hemoglobin, and nutritional parameters were worse in LR. Only a few patients had AVF, and the majority required emergency dialysis in the LR group. A total of 91 (9.2%) patients died, 17 (1.7% ER and 74 (7.5%) patients in the LR group patients. There was significantly lower survival at 6 months (ER 97.1% vs. LR 89.7%), 12 months (ER 96.4% vs. LR 85.7%), 18 months (ER 96.4% vs. LR 85.7%), and 24 months (ER 96.4% vs. LR 85.7%) in late referral group as compared to early referral group

P
=
0.005

. Conclusions. LR to nephrologists has the risk of the emergency start of dialysis with temporary vascular access and had a higher risk of mortality. The timely referral to the nephrologist in the predialysis stage is associated with better survival and reduced mortality.
A Career Guidance and Career Planning Assessment Method Based on Improved Correlation Analysis
Authors: Han Yun
Published: June 2022

The number of college graduates in China has dramatically risen in recent years, the employment structural contradiction is evident, and the pressure on employment is gradually increasing. How to improve the employment rate of graduates and the quality of employment is an important issue at present. In order to fundamentally solve the employment problem, there are some other ways besides changing the talent cultivation mode of colleges and universities, such as carrying out career guidance work. At present, the career guidance model in China’s universities is still limited to the traditionalized guidance model, which is too consistent. In order to meet the needs of the development of the market economy and the development of students’ individuality, it is necessary to study the construction of a personalized career guidance model. This study first analyzes the current situation of career guidance work in China’s colleges and universities and puts forward the importance and necessity of building a personalized career guidance model. Subsequently, based on improved correlation analysis, this research provides a method for evaluating employee knowledge and career planning. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method can accurately assess the impact of job counseling and establish the groundwork for future job counseling and career planning work in colleges and universities.