bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeded Topic Models in Digital Archives: Analyzing Interpretations of Immigration in Swedish Newspapers, 1945–2019
Authors: Hurtado Bodell Miriam , Magnusson Måns , Keuschnigg Marc
Published: August 2024

Sociologists are discussing the need for more formal ways to extract meaning from digital text archives. We focus attention on the seeded topic model, a semi-supervised extension to the standard topic model that allows sociological knowledge to be infused into the computational learning of meaning structures. Seed words help crystallize topics around known concepts, while utilizing topic models’ functionality to identify associations in text based on word co-occurrences. The method estimates a concept’s shared interpretation (or framing) via its associations with other frequently co-occurring topics. In a case study, we extract longitudinal measures of media frames regarding immigration from a vast corpus of millions of Swedish newspaper articles from the period 1945–2019. We infer turning points that partition the immigration discourse into meaningful eras and locate Sweden’s era of multicultural ideals that coined its tolerant reputation.
A new resampling algorithm for particle filters and its application in global localization within symmetric environments
Authors: Seghiri Seif Eddine , Mansouri Noura , Chemori Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Mobile robots are undergoing tremendous development, which makes them employed in many fields. In this area, global localization in symmetric indoor environments is a commonly encountered problem. One of the commonly used algorithms to solve it, is the Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization (AMCL), which is based on the particle filter algorithm. In this paper, we developed a new algorithm for resampling used within the Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization (AMCL) framework that we called Effective Samples Resampling (ESR). The proposed algorithm is based on a deterministic sample selection, and it is thoroughly tested in real time. Using a considerable amount of simulations, the efficacy and robustness of the AMCL using this technique are validated and compared to certain conventional approaches. They are also tested and validated in various real-time operating conditions using the Robot Operating System (ROS). The obtained results are quite satisfying in terms of resampling quality, implementation complexity, and convergence time when compared to random resampling approaches where a sample-based probability density given by high-quality sensors might destabilize localization. The global localization is well handled when the proposed algorithm is involved, compared to standard resampling algorithms that can often be overconfident and fail in some scenarios when there is a lot of symmetry in the considered map of the environment.
Autonomic Changes Associated with Clinical Depression as Assessed by Short-term Heart Rate Variability (HRV): A Comparative Study
Authors: Shanmugavaradharajan Vijayabaskaran , Ravikumar Richu , Raghav B.  , Anand I.
Published: August 2024

Background:

In the present scenario, mental health issues have become a global burden. Among all the mental disorders, depression is one of the most disabling and has been a known cardiovascular risk. Autonomic attenuation is put forth as the cause. The literature available on the connection between clinical depression and cardiac autonomic attenuation is limited and inconclusive. Hence, to provide more clarity, with the aid of short-term heart rate variability (HRV), autonomic changes in clinically depressed individuals were assessed.

Methods:

Based on the set criteria, we recruited 82 subjects from the hospital’s outpatient department after ethical approval. Among them, 41 were depressed individuals, and the rest were non-depressed healthy controls. Depressed individuals were categorized based on their Hamilton scores. Both the groups were subjected to short-term HRV, the measures obtained were compared, and the HRV measures of the depressed individuals were correlated with their Hamilton scores.

Results:

HRV measures that reflect cardiovagal activity were found to be significantly less ( p = .026) in the depressed individuals. No gender-influenced differences were observed among the depressed. Groups with different levels of depression also revealed no significant differences in their autonomic activity. Hamilton scores of the depressed individuals exhibited no significant correlation with their HRV parameters.

Conclusion:

Based on our HRV findings, we conclude that the depressed individuals have reduced cardiovagal activity.
Unraveling the nutrition and health situation of adults in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDA) and non-GIDA in the Philippines: A comparative study
Authors: Duante Charmaine A. , Maniego M. Lynell V. , Velasquez Mary Bernadette M. , Tordecilla Romalyn L.
Published: August 2024

Background: Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDA) are communities physically and socioeconomically separated from mainstream society (non-GIDA) and lack comprehensive nutrition and health assessments. Aim: This study aimed to assess the nutritional and health status and determine the factors associated with chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesity among adults, 20–59 years old, residing in GIDA and non-GIDA. Methods: Data of the 20,381 adults collected in the Expanded National Nutrition Survey were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictors of CED and overweight/obesity. Results: Chronic energy deficiency and current smoking were significantly higher in GIDA, while overweight/obesity, alcohol consumption, elevated blood pressure, and insufficient physical activity were higher in non-GIDA ( p < 0.001). Higher odds of CED was associated with food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.5, p < 0.001; AOR: 1.3, p < 0.001) and current smoking (AOR: 1.4, p = 0.001; AOR: 1.3, p < 0.001) in both GIDA and non-GIDA while poor wealth (AOR: 1.5, p < 0.001) only in non-GIDA. Higher odds of overweight/obesity was associated with higher age ≥30 years (AOR: 2.1, p < 0.001; AOR: 1.9, p < 0.001), being female (AOR: 1.7, p < 0.001; AOR: 1.3, p < 0.001), with grade level completed (AOR: 1.7, p = 0.004; AOR: 1.2, p = 0.038), urban residence (AOR: 1.2, p = 0.035; AOR: 1.3, p < 0.001), hypertension (AOR: 2.4, p < 0.001; AOR: 2.3, p < 0.001), and insufficient physical activity (AOR: 1.1, p = 0.020; AOR: 1.1, p = 0.027) in both GIDA and non-GIDA. Conclusions: Malnutrition affects GIDA in almost the same magnitude. The double burden of malnutrition and health inequity in GIDA underscores the greater need for comprehensive policies and stronger programs directed toward underserved areas.
Book review: Amya Agrawal, Contesting Masculinities and Women’s Agency in Kashmir
Authors: Javaid Raja Aaqib
Published: August 2024

Amya Agrawal, Contesting Masculinities and Women’s Agency in Kashmir (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022), xi + 161 pp.
Multiplanar reconstructions of the thoracic spine in a photon counting dual-source CT scanner: comparison to EID-CT
Authors: Bette Stefanie J , Braun Franziska M , Luitjens Jan H , Kaufmann David , Decker Josua , Becker Judith , Scheurig-Muenkler Christian , Kroencke Thomas J , Schwarz Florian
Published: August 2024

Background

Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is a groundbreaking technology with promising results for visualization of small bone structures.

Purpose

To analyze the delineation of the thoracic spine in multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) on PCD-CT compared to energy-integrating detector (EID)-CT.

Material and Methods

Two euthanized mice were examined using different scanners: (i) 20-slice EID-CT and (ii) dual-source PCD-CT at various CTDIVol values. Readers evaluated the thoracic spine and selected series with best visualization among signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-matched pairs.

Results

SNR was significantly higher in PCD-CT reconstructions (Br68) and lower in Hr98 reconstructions compared to EID-CT. Bone detail visualization was superior in PCD-CT (especially in Hr98 reconstructions) compared to EID-CT.

Conclusion

MPR on a PCD-CT had a higher SNR and better bone detail visualization even at lower radiation doses compared to EID-CT. PCD-CT with bone reconstructions showed the best delineation of small bone structures and might be considered in clinical routine.
Effect of Preoperative Lipidemic Control on Retear Rates After Rotator Cuff Repair in Patients With Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Kim Myung-Seo , Jang Gi-Young , Cho Nam-Su
Published: August 2024

Background:

In patients with hyperlipidemia, the risk of retear increases after rotator cuff repair (RCR). In particular, it has been reported that preoperative low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level affects cuff integrity. However, there are no studies assessing whether lipidemic control affects cuff healing.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of preoperative lipidemic control on cuff integrity after arthroscopic RCR across cardiovascular disease risk groups in patients with hyperlipidemia.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with hyperlipidemia who underwent arthroscopic double-row suture bridge RCR between 2014 and 2019. The included patients had LDL-C tested within 1 month before surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted 6 months after surgery to evaluate the integrity of the repaired cuff tendon. Patients were divided into groups of low, moderate, high, and very high risk according to the 4th Korean Dyslipidemia Guidelines. On the basis of the target LDL-C set in each risk group, patients were categorized into 2 groups: group C (controlled hyperlipidemia, less than target LDL-C) and group U (uncontrolled hyperlipidemia, target LDL-C or greater). The correlation between serum lipid profile, lipidemic control, and post-RCR integrity was evaluated.

Results:

A total of 148 patients were analyzed, 51 in group U and 97 in group C. The retear rate was significantly higher in group U than in group C (23/51 [45.1%] vs 18/97 [18.6%], respectively; P = .001). The proportion of group U was significantly higher in the retear group than in the healing group (56.1% vs 26.2%; P = .001). In addition, the proportions of patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) (19.5% vs 3.7%; P = .002) and mediolateral (2.6 ± 1.2 cm vs 1.7 ± 1.1 cm; P < .001) and anteroposterior (2.2 ± 1.1 cm vs 1.6 ± 0.8 cm; P = .003) tear sizes were significantly different between the retear and healing groups, respectively. No significant difference in serum lipid profile, including LDL-C level (119.6 ± 31.3 vs 116.7 ± 37.2; P = .650), was observed between the retear and healing groups. Multivariate regression analysis identified uncontrolled hyperlipidemia (OR, 4.005; P = .001), uncontrolled DM (OR, 5.096; P = .022), and mediolateral tear size (OR, 1.764; P = .002) as independent risk factors for retear. The 2.0-cm mediolateral size cutoff and the 3 independent risk factors had significant associations with retear.

Conclusion:

Poor preoperative lipidemic control was significantly associated with poor healing after RCR. In addition to large mediolateral tear size, uncontrolled hyperlipidemia and DM were significant risk factors for retear. Moreover, poor lipidemic control compared with the recommended target level before surgery was more correlated with an increased retear rate than a preoperative LDL-C level.
Application of decalcified bone matrix in Salmon bone for tibial defect repair in rat model
Authors: Wu Tong , Han Lei , Zhu Ye , Zeng Xiaojun , Kang Yating , Zheng Shuwen , Wang Zhenhai , Wang Jianping , Gao Yonglin
Published: August 2024

Aim:

The optimal preparation conditions of Salmon decalcified bone matrix (S-DBM) were explored, and the properties of S-DBM bone particles and bone powder were studied respectively. The therapeutic effect of S-DBM on tibial defect in female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was preliminarily verified.

Methods:

This study assessed the structural and functional similarities of Salmon bone DBM (S-DBM). The biocompatibility assessment was conducted using both in vivo and in vitro experiments, establishing an animal model featuring tibial defects in rats and on the L929 cell line, respectively. The control group, bovine DBM (bDBM), was compared to the S-DBM-treated tibial defect rats. Imaging and histology were used to study implant material changes, defect healing, osteoinductive repair, and degradation.

Results:

The findings of our study indicate that S-DBM exhibits favorable repairing effects on bone defects, along with desirable physicochemical characteristics, safety, and osteogenic activity.

Conclusions:

The S-DBM holds significant potential as a medical biomaterial for treating bone defects, effectively fulfilling the clinical demands for materials used in bone tissue repair engineering.
Glans ischaemia after circumcision in adult males: A two-patient case series and a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Schifano Nicolò , Capogrosso Paolo , Villano Alessio , Baldini Sara , Antonini Gabriele , Deho’ Federico
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Glans necrosis after circumcision is an exceedingly rare complication among adult males, with only a handful of cases being reported in the literature.

Materials and methods:

We present here two cases of glans ischaemia observations after circumcision in both a 19-year-old and a 26-year-old patient; both were managed with oral medications in the outpatient setting, with complete restitutio-ad-integrum. A narrative review of the literature was also performed to better describe the possible predisposing factors; the treatment/management options; and the typical outcomes among the adult males experiencing with this complication.

Results:

Penile dorsal anaesthetic blocks, monopolar cautery usage and compressive wound dressing are all reported to play a role as co-factors for glans ischaemia after circumcision, hence their adoption should be mindful. There is no consensus on the management of ischaemia of the glans after male circumcision.

Conclusions:

The favourable outcomes being reported for most of the literature cases of glans ischaemia after circumcision among adults despite the adoption of diverse empirical therapeutic strategies suggest that the role of the proactive management may be questionable.
Snodgrass (tubularized incised plate) versus Mathieu repair of distal hypospadias: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Borkar Nitinkumar , Tiwari Charu , Nair Abhijit , Das Kanishka , Sinha Chandrasen K
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Distal hypospadias accounts for the majority of hypospadias. Mathieu and Snodgrass techniques are widely used for repair of distal hypospadias but their comparative efficacy and reported outcomes are still debated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of these two techniques.

Methods:

Electronic databases and trial registries were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Mathieu and Snodgrass techniques for primary distal hypospadias repair. Outcome measures included complication rates and cosmetic outcomes. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the ROB2. Data was analyzed using Review Manager 5.4; Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) also was conducted for important outcomes.

Results:

Twelve RCTs were eligible for inclusion. The Snodgrass technique showed a significantly lower incidence of urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) (RR 0.48, 95% CI [0.30–0.77]). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of meatal stenosis (MS) between the two (RR 1.64, 95% CI [0.85–3.15]). TSA supports the findings for outcome UCF but not for MS. Operative time was shorter with the Snodgrass technique.

Conclusion:

This SRMA indicates a lower incidence of UCF with Snodgrass technique compared to the Mathieu technique in distal hypospadias repair. However, there was no significant difference in the risk of MS.
Reinstating the Francis A. Walker Medal?
Authors: Torgler Benno
Published: August 2024

This paper advocates for the reinstatement of the Francis A. Walker Medal, arguing for its critical role in complementing the Nobel Prize in Economics by recognizing a broader and more diverse spectrum of contributions within the field. By revisiting the legacies of eminent economists such as Jacob Viner, Frank Knight, and Wesley Clair Mitchell, the paper illustrates the depth and diversity of economic scholarship that the Walker Medal honored in the past. The paper argues that reinstating the Walker Medal would introduce a healthy competitive element in the landscape of economic recognition, offering an alternative yet complementary platform to the Nobel Prize. Further, the paper highlights the historical context of Francis A. Walker, whose foundational role in the AEA and contributions to economics set the standard for the Medal.
Feasibility of Artificial Intelligence Powered Adverse Event Analysis: Using a Large Language Model to Analyze Microwave Ablation Malfunction Data
Authors: Warren Blair E. , Alkhalifah Fahd , Ahrari Aida , Min Adam , Fawzy Aly , Annamalai Ganesan , Jaberi Arash , Beecroft Robert , Kachura John R. , Mafeld Sebastian C.
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Determine if a large language model (LLM, GPT-4) can label and consolidate and analyze interventional radiology (IR) microwave ablation device safety event data into meaningful summaries similar to humans. Methods: Microwave ablation safety data from January 1, 2011 to October 31, 2023 were collected and type of failure was categorized by human readers. Using GPT-4 and iterative prompt development, the data were classified. Iterative summarization of the reports was performed using GPT-4 to generate a final summary of the large text corpus. Results: Training (n = 25), validation (n = 639), and test (n = 79) data were split to reflect real-world deployment of an LLM for this task. GPT-4 demonstrated high accuracy in the multiclass classification problem of microwave ablation device data (accuracy [95% CI]: training data 96.0% [79.7, 99.9], validation 86.4% [83.5, 89.0], test 87.3% [78.0, 93.8]). The text content was distilled through GPT-4 and iterative summarization prompts. A final summary was created which reflected the clinically relevant insights from the microwave ablation data relative to human interpretation but had inaccurate event class counts. Conclusion: The LLM emulated the human analysis, suggesting feasibility of using LLMs to process large volumes of IR safety data as a tool for clinicians. It accurately labelled microwave ablation device event data by type of malfunction through few-shot learning. Content distillation was used to analyze a large text corpus (>650 reports) and generate an insightful summary which was like the human interpretation.
“The Psychiatric Domain of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: A Review for the Intensivist”
Authors: Rhodes Allison , Wilson Christopher , Zelenkov Dimitar , Adams Kathryne , Poyant Janelle O. , Han Xuan , Faugno Anthony , Montalvo Cristina
Published: August 2024

Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by new or worsening changes in mental health, cognition, or physical function that persist following critical illness. The psychiatric domain of PICS encompasses new or worsened psychiatric burdens following critical illness, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. Many of the established predisposing and precipitating factors for the psychiatric domain of PICS are commonly found in the setting of critical illness, including mechanical ventilation (MV), exposure to sedating medications, and physical restraint. Importantly, previous psychiatric history is a strong risk factor for the development of the psychiatric domain of PICS and should be considered when screening patients to diagnose psychiatric impairment and interventions. Delirium has been associated with psychiatric symptoms following ICU admission, therefore prevention warrants careful consideration. Dexmedetomidine has been shown to have the lowest risk for development of delirium when compared to other sedatives and has been the only sedative studied in relation to the psychiatric domain of PICS. Nocturnal dexmedetomidine and intensive care unit (ICU) diaries have been associated with decreased psychiatric burden after ICU discharge. Studies evaluating the impact of other intra-ICU practices on the development of the psychiatric domain of PICS, including the ABCDEF bundle, depth of sedation, and daily spontaneous awakening trials, have been limited and inconclusive. The psychiatric domain of PICS is difficult to treat and may be less responsive to multidisciplinary post-discharge programs and targeted interventions than the cognitive and physical domains of PICS. Given the high morbidity associated with the psychiatric domain of PICS, intensivists should familiarize themselves with the risk factors and intra-ICU interventions that can mitigate this important and under-recognized condition.
Mental Health, Race, and Social Support among Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Rhee Stephanie L. , Silver Thelma
Published: August 2024

Women with mental health (MH) symptoms are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of intimate partner violence (IPV). Social support (SS) helps those women cope with adversities and regain their overall well-being. Examining specific sources and functions of SS will help expand knowledge about resources for and barriers to MH services for women IPV survivors. However, few studies examined functional and relational SS among women IPV survivors residing in shelters. This cross-sectional study examined how 31 racially diverse women IPV survivors with different MH symptoms perceive relational SS from various sources as they stay in a shelter that provides functional SS. Cluster analyses were performed to classify participants into two groups: more MH or fewer MH symptoms. Results showed that the women with more MH symptoms reported higher tangible support than those with fewer MH symptoms. Results from ANCOVA showed a significant cross-over interaction between MH and race for overall SS, indicating that women of color with more MH symptoms were less likely to perceive overall SS than Caucasians when controlling for functional SS. MANCOVA analyzed the specific sources of overall SS, such as family, friends, and others. There was a significant cross-over interaction of MH and race on SS from others when controlling for functional SS. These findings suggest that women IPV survivors of color who experience more MH symptoms perceive support from others as less supportive and trustworthy. Social service providers must provide culturally sensitive and strengths-based SS programs to help women of color who have experienced social isolation, stigma, and shame associated with IPV and mental illnesses (MIs). They also must engage in community outreach programs by educating community members about the needs and rights of women IPV survivors with MIs and collaborating to build communities that promote safety, trust, diversity, equity, and inclusion.
The discursive role of the label “PC”: Analyzing changes in discriminatory language with the condemnation model
Authors: Saadon Asaf
Published: August 2024

Labeling suggestions for language change as “PC” (“political correctness”) has been regarded by several prominent scholars as an effective tactic to oppose anti-discriminatory language campaigns. Expanding on that, I argue that by historicizing the label “PC” a public debate is revealed, whose results may not only harm so-called “PC” campaigns but also promote them. By combining tools from the fields of conceptual history ( Begriffsgeschichte) and critical discourse analysis (CDA), the article offers a five-stage model for analyzing language change in the PC discourse, in which the label “PC” characterizes a typical stage in the conceptual development of controversial expressions. The article demonstrates the model with the expression “Autist” in Israeli public discourse and uncovers a broader meaning of the label “PC”—namely, a pending request for a change that has yet to be accepted or rejected.
Metaversal Real Estate Dynamics: The MRED Framework for Informed Decision-making in Virtual Space
Authors: Gopakumar Sridevi , Dananjayan Madhava Priya
Published: August 2024

Venturing into the digital frontier, the metaverse challenges our traditional understanding of real estate, beckoning a deep dive into its virtual realms and the complexities they harbour. This research seeks to provide an integrative framework for comprehending the intricacies of virtual real estate within the metaverse, emphasising its valuation, governance and sustainability. Utilising an exploratory design, the study amalgamates insights from existing metaverse literature and stakeholder perspectives to fashion a robust framework, which is further augmented by derived theoretical propositions. The findings shed light on the multifarious challenges inherent to the metaverse’s virtual real estate. There is a spotlight on the substantial energy demands of the metaverse and the consequent ecological imperative for sustainable digital practices. It underscores the need for malleable governance mechanisms in a decentralised metaverse and champions the harmonisation of age-old ownership philosophies with avant-garde technological solutions such as blockchain. The research also postulates a collaborative ethos for virtual space creation and propounds innovative financial paradigms tailored to the unique economic rhythm of the metaverse. Future research vectors could span the cultural and psychological facets of virtual domains and the ripple effects on conventional real estate frameworks.
Going Green from Within: The Mediation of Employee Green Creativity in the Relationship Between Green Inclusive Leadership and Green Organizational Citizenship Behaviour
Authors: Mandal Vikash , Pal Durba
Published: August 2024

In the context of environmental sustainability, can Green Inclusive Leadership empower and enhance the effectiveness of employees in the manufacturing sector? If so, what are the fundamental mechanisms that drive this positive influence? Sustainable leadership is recognized by researchers as key to promoting and strengthening sustainability in organizations. Therefore, the present study aims to achieve two primary objectives: (a) investigate the impact of Green Inclusive Leadership on Green Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, and (b) explore the mediating role of Employee Green Creativity in the association between Green Inclusive Leadership and Green Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. The study collected data from 254 employees at an Indian dairy manufacturing firm located in Ranchi, Jharkhand by following a random sampling technique. In order to validate the proposed conceptual framework, structural equation modelling was implemented. The results demonstrated a positive direct association between Green Inclusive Leadership and Employee Green Creativity, Green Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, respectively. Moreover, Employee Green Creativity partially mediated the relationship between Green Inclusive Leadership and Green Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. Subsequently, on the basis of research findings, the implications and limitations of the present study were delineated.
Eat Mubarak: (A) Battling foodpanda in Online Food Delivery; (B) Pivot to Blinkco.io
Authors: Shaikh Shazib Ehsan , Ahmad Mudabir , Abdullah Muhammad
Published: August 2024

The Eat Mubarak (A and B) case series begins as a David and Goliath story. Eat Mubarak was a multi-city online food delivery company based in Pakistan, set up in early 2019 by three local entrepreneurs. In Case A, we see how—despite being a late entrant—Eat Mubarak makes successful inroads into the market. In just nine months, it gained a 10% market share against an incumbent (foodpanda) backed by a multi-national giant in the industry (Delivery Hero), easily surpassing the nine-year 2% achievement of Cheetay Logistics. Successful penetration against pre-existing network economies of scale is demonstrated. When expected funding fails to come through, the end of Case A allows us to really dig into the business model fundamentals. Will continued growth hacking pay off, or are we destined to fail as foodpanda will make it a winner-take-all market? In Case B, the CEO exits the online food delivery business market. The need to understand winner-take-all strategies linked to all sides on this multi-sided platform is demonstrated. The application of breakeven analysis in evaluating the path to profitability is also afforded discussion throughout the case. Overall, the case series is rich in data on start-up valuation practices and practical challenges in securing venture capital funding for growth hacking where network economies of scale are at play. The approach to this case study combines field studies in the form of interviews with the CEO of Eat Mubarak and data on events and competitors from public sources, especially newspapers and one McKinsey report. It is written with a layered approach, so the students are given exciting facts at the start (such as an entrepreneur facing business failure) but need to read deeper to understand the business.
Deictic Gesture Production in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Down Syndrome, and Typically Developing Children During Dyadic Interaction
Authors: Monish V.  , Catherine S. PowlinArockia , Rajasekar M. K.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Deictic gestures are the first intentional form of communication that predict the emergence of first words. Deictic gestures include reaching, pointing, giving, and showing.

Method:

Forty-five Tamil-speaking children (28 male and 17 female) and their parents participated in this study. They were divided into three groups (ASD, DS, and TD). The parents were instructed to play and interact with their children, as they do at home, using the provided toy set, and this session was video-recorded. Deictic gestures such as reaching, pointing, giving, and showing were analyzed with a specific coding scheme.

Results:

On a Kruskal–Wallis test, a statistically significant difference across the three groups ( P < .05) was obtained for the total frequency of deictic gestures, use of pointing, giving, and showing gestures. The total frequency of deictic gestures and their types, such as pointing, giving, and showing gestures, used by the ASD group was less compared to the DS and TD groups.

Conclusion:

This study highlighted that, along with speech and language difficulties, children with ASD have deficits in producing deictic gestures. Children with DS have speech and language difficulties, but they use deictic gestures in order to communicate with their parents during interaction. This varied profile of deictic gesture use can be used for early identification, differential diagnosis, and setting intervention goals.
Lessons Learned From Bhutan on extending Girls-Only HPV Vaccination Program to Boys: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Yangchen Sonam , Felsher Marisa , Acosta Diana , Sukarom Isaya , Wu Lily , Phuntsho Sangay , Chozom Tashi , Dawa Tashi , Tobgay Karma lhaden
Published: August 2024

In 2020, Bhutan pioneered a school-based gender-neutral human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program, achieving an impressive 96% vaccination coverage rate by 2021. This study, conducted through 49 in-depth interviews with community leaders, policymakers, parents, teachers, and health workers, and 12 focus group discussions with boys who received HPV vaccination. We used conventional content analysis to analyze the data. Enablers of the extension of gender-neutral HPV vaccination included social mobilization and advocacy efforts, which encompassed community engagement and leadership and collaborations with schools. Equally crucial were proficient program management and the strategic use of digital interventions. Challenges included tracking and reaching eligible adolescents. Vaccinated boys perceived school-based vaccination to be a key enabler of vaccine update. The study concludes that extending a girls-only HPV vaccination program to gender-neutral is feasible and acceptable in Bhutan. Findings related to challenges and ways for overcoming them can support other countries interested in gender-neutral HPV vaccination program.
Achieving gender equity in academic psychiatry – barriers to involvement and solutions for success
Authors: Galbally Megan , Kotze Beth , Bell Caroline , Quadrio Carolyn , Galletly Cherrie , Herrman Helen , Milroy Helen , Curtis Jackie , Green Jessica , Power Josephine , Hope Judy , Sevar Katherine , Dean Kimberlie , Northwood Korinne , Lampe Lisa , Kalucy Megan , Korman Nicole , Lautenschlager Nicola , Warren Nicola , Chua Phyllis , Anglin Rebecca , De Alwis Seneviratne Ruwanthi , Loi Samantha , Burton Sara , Arunogiri Shalini , Morgan Shirlony
Published: August 2024

Objective

Women face considerable barriers in pursuing careers in academic psychiatry.

Methods

A group of Australian and New Zealand academic women psychiatrists convened in September 2022 to identify and propose solutions to increase opportunities for women in academic psychiatry.

Results

Limiting factors were identified in pathways to academia including financial support, engagement and coordination between academia and clinical services, and flexible working conditions. Gender biases and the risk of burnout were additional and fundamental barriers. Potential solutions include offering advanced training certificates to enable trainees to commence a PhD and Fellowship contemporaneously; improved financial support; expanding opportunities for research involvement; establishing mentoring opportunities and communities of practice; and strategies to enhance safety at work and redress gender bias and imbalance in academia.

Conclusions

Support for women in research careers will decrease gender disparity in academic psychiatry and may decrease problematic gender bias in research. Fellows and trainees, the RANZCP, universities, research institutes, governments, industry and health services should collaborate to develop and implement policies supporting changes in working conditions and training. Facilitating the entry and retention of women to careers in academic psychiatry requires mentoring and development of a community of practice to provide and enable support, role modelling, and inspiration.
Teaching to Save the Planet: The Challenges Ahead for Instructors, Business Schools, and Universities
Authors: André Rae
Published: August 2024

In this article I review trends in teaching environmental sustainability over 50 years in the Journal of Management Education (JME) to help instructors and institutions develop effective pedagogy for this complex and consequential subject. Given the current planetary emergency many instructors now grapple with how to teach change in societal and global systems. Already they have moved the sustainability field forward by integrating climate science with management topics and enhancing integrative learning that builds individual student autonomy, agency, and leadership. This examination of the JME literature suggests that at least three fundamental challenges remain: (1) applying systems theory to frame change and make meaningful pedagogical choices, (2) balancing traditional and experiential pedagogies in light of the need to teach about macro level systems, and (3) teaching sustainability for the planet in an academic sector that mainly values sustainability for business organizations. These challenges are inspiring critical thinking that is driving the field forward. At the same time, some recent research suggests that business schools may be unlikely to recast their missions to encompass societal change. As a result, concerned educators may turn increasingly to their universities, with their broader educational missions, to develop curricula that will help save the planet.
Time is Not Money: Time Logics and Workforce Operations Within School–Nonprofit Relationships
Authors: Keppler Samantha M , Smilowitz Karen R
Published: August 2024

Nonprofit organizations amplify impact through relationships with K-12 schools, and these schools benefit from provided resources and services. Nonprofit provision of resources and services via schools is theoretically mutually beneficial, efficient, and effective. In practice, however, schools struggle to make the necessary investments to maintain relationships. Why? Through an inductive multimethods study of 81 nonprofit organizations and nine schools that partner with them, we find that schools struggle because it is difficult to effectively manage the temporal costs of the relationships. Principals, teachers, and staff have many demands on their time, and spending additional time coordinating and administrating nonprofit relationships is a challenge. Intersecting survey, interview, and archival data from schools and nonprofit organizations, we find the nine schools take on this operational challenge of managing temporal costs with one of two time logics, defined as a sociocultural belief about time resources at the school. The three charter schools in our study have a fixed logic that views time as a static resource, while the public and Catholic schools have an adaptable logic that views time as a flexible resource. We observe that these logics correspond to the school’s workforce operations, specifically whether or not they rely on external affiliates, such as district/community leaders or parents, to dedicate time to help manage school–nonprofit relationships. Schools with an adaptable-time logic have more time flexibility for managing nonprofit relationships when they rely on this external “workforce” compared to schools with a fixed-time logic that do not. The evidence suggests more generally how organizational culture and time logics relate to workforce operations. We conclude with preliminary evidence of long-term relationship outcomes from a follow-up survey of the same schools in our original study and discuss the implications for improving nonprofit provision of resources and services via schools.
Correlation Between Serum and CSF Concentrations of Midazolam and 1-Hydroxy-Midazolam in Critically Ill Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Farrar Julie E. , Stefanos Sylvia S. , Cava Luis , Kiser Tyree H. , Mueller Scott W. , Neumann Robert , Reynolds Paul M. , Sherman Deb S. , MacLaren Robert
Published: August 2024

Background:

Midazolam (MZ) is commonly used in critically ill neurosurgical patients. Neuro-penetration of MZ and its metabolite, 1-hydroxy-midazolam (1-OH-MZ), is not well characterized.

Objective:

This study evaluated correlations between serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of MZ and 1-OH-MZ and assessed implications on patient sedation.

Methods:

Adults in the neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) with external ventricular drains receiving MZ via continuous infusion were prospectively studied. Serum and CSF samples were obtained 12-24 h and 72-96 h after initiation, and concentrations were determined in duplicate by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Bivariate correlation analyses used Pearson coefficient.

Results:

A total of 31 serum and CSF samples were obtained from 18 subjects. At sampling, mean MZ infusion rate was 3.9 ± 4.4 mg/h, and previous 12-h cumulative dose was 51.4 ± 78.2 mg. Mean concentrations of MZ and 1-OH-MZ in serum and CSF were similar between timepoints. Similarly, ratios of 1-OH-MZ to MZ in serum and CSF remained stable over time. Serum MZ (126.2 ± 89.3 ng/mL) showed moderate correlation (r2 = 0.68, P < 0.001) with serum 1-OH-MZ (17.7 ± 17.6 ng/mL) but not CSF MZ (3.9 ± 2.5 ng/mL; r2 = 0.24, P = 0.005) or CSF 1-OH-MZ (2.5 ± 0.6 ng/mL; r2 = 0.47, P = 0.30). CSF MZ did not correlate with CSF 1-OH-MZ (r2 = 0.003, P < 0.001). Mean serum ratio of 1-OH-MZ to MZ (0.14 ± 0.2 ng/mL) did not correlate with CSF ratio (1.06 ± 0.83 ng/mL; r2 = 0.06, P = 0.19). Concentrations and ratios were unrelated to MZ infusion rate or 12-h cumulative dose. Sedation was weakly correlated with CSF 1-OH-MZ, but not with serum MZ, serum 1-OH-MZ, or CSF MZ.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Continuous infusions of MZ result in measurable concentrations of MZ and 1-OH-MZ in CSF; however, CSF concentrations of MZ and 1-OH-MZ poorly represent serum concentrations or dosages. Accumulation of MZ and 1-OH-MZ in serum or CSF over time was not evident. Concentrations of MZ and 1-OH-MZ do not predict sedation levels, reinforcing that pharmacodynamic assessments are warranted.
‘Ignorance is Bliss’. Is that True? Unravelling the Determinants of Plastic Recycling Intentions and Behaviours
Authors: Tan Clarise Pei Sim , Woo Pei Jun , Gew Lai Ti
Published: August 2024

Global plastic recycling rates remain as low as 9% despite evident consequences of plastic pollution on planetary health and life. This cross-sectional survey study employed the Integrated Behavioural Model to examine the determinants of plastic recycling intention and behaviour. Data was collected from 391 adult consumers residing in Malaysia, who were recruited via convenience sampling. Multiple regression analyses revealed that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control predicted plastic recycling intentions. Specifically, increase in experiential attitude and descriptive norm leads to increase in plastic recycling intentions. Additionally, plastic recycling behaviour is determined by knowledge, and environmental constraints, and not by intentions or habits. These findings offer guidance in devising localised plastic recycling interventions.
Predictive Value of D-Dimer for In-Hospital Mortality in Non-Diabetic Patients with Non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Li Bin , Liu Xiaojing , Gao Miaomiao , Ma Lin , Yao Wensen , Zhao Yujie
Published: August 2024

Elevated circulating D-dimer levels have been shown to be a predictor of in-hospital mortality in a variety of diseases; however, the relationship between D-dimer and the in-hospital prognosis of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains unclear. This retrospective study included 662 non-diabetic patients with NSTEMI. Independent risk factors were identified by multivariate analyses, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to compare the predictive value of D-dimer, albumin (ALB), and D-dimer to albumin ratio (DAR) for in-hospital death in NSTEMI. Logistic regression model with restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to further explore the linear or nonlinear relationship between D-dimer and the risk of death. In-hospital mortality occurred in 38 (5.7%) patients. Multivariate analysis showed that D-dimer (per increase of 500 ng) was identified as an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality in non-diabetic patients with NSTEMI (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03–1.40, P = 0.036). D-dimer demonstrated good predictive performance for in-hospital mortality with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.66–0.83), and there was no significant difference in the predictive ability of D-dimer, ALB (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.61–0.79) and DAR (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66–0.84). In addition, RCS analysis showed a linear relationship between D-dimer and the risk of in-hospital mortality (P for nonlinear = 0.747). D-dimer can be used as a simple, reliable and valuable biomarker for predicting in-hospital mortality in non-diabetic patients with NSTEMI and is linearly associated with the risk of death.
Multimodal intelligent approach to low-temperature atmospheric plasma processing of apple slices before drying
Authors: Kenzhekhanova Mereke , Mukhametov Almas , Gaisin Irek , Mamayeva Laura
Published: August 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of plasma treatment on the browning inhibition. A 30 min plasma treatment resulted in a pronounced decrease in the concentration of flavan-3-ols, which play a pivotal role in antioxidant defense and browning prevention. This significant reduction is likely due to plasma-induced oxidative stress, which can lead to the breakdown of these compounds or their conversion into other phenolic structures. Simultaneously, a slight increase in dihydrochalcones and flavonols was observed, suggesting a selective effect of plasma on different phenolic classes. The increase in these compounds could be attributed to the plasma's ability to induce specific reactions that generate these phenolics from other precursors present in the apples. The reduction in flavan-3-ols may affect the antioxidant capacity and health benefits associated with the apples, while the increase in dihydrochalcones and flavonols could have a positive impact on the flavor profile and potential health-promoting properties. Moreover, these modifications could contribute to the extension of shelf-life and maintenance of sensory qualities, making plasma treatment a valuable tool in the food industry for enhancing product stability and consumer appeal.
Evaluating the impact of caloric restriction, body mass index and exercise on primary open-angle glaucoma: A review
Authors: Lai Jonathan YM , Mclarnon Patrick , Sheridan Carl , Vallabh Neeru A
Published: August 2024

This literature review evaluates any possible links between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and caloric restriction (CR), body mass index (BMI), and exercise, aiming to map the extent of the literature. Its primary objective is to recognise the nature and breadth of research evidence, identify possible gaps in these topics and develop future studies. The databases searched were MEDLINE (PudMed), Scopus and ScienceDirect, in April 2023 for articles published in English, with no date restriction. A total of 447 search results were retrieved. Of these, 73 were related to CR, 249 to BMI, and 125 to exercise. Records identified included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and animal studies. CR has been shown to halt the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and protect against various glaucomatous processes in animal models. Low BMI has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of POAG and a faster rate of visual field deterioration in POAG. However, the association between high BMI and POAG is not consistent. Exercise has been shown to cause mechanical, vascular, and neurobiological changes affecting the pathophysiology of POAG. The present review helps identify key characteristics and factors relating to the impacts of CR, BMI, or exercise on POAG.