bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Apis cerana District Extractor with innovation of
Machinery and Pest control in Kumelembuai Village
Authors: Rompas Joice J.I. , Naomi Pinaria Betsy Agustina , Memah Ventje V.
Published: November 2020

This study aims to: 1). Knowing the development of Apis Cerana Honey BeesF.with extractor
engine innovation 2). Control of pests that attack honey bees 3). Obtain products from honeybeesApis Cerana
F.produced 4). Predict to what extent the quantity and quality of royal jelly products Apis cerana F.produced in
the development of beekeeping in North Sulawesi, especially Kumelembuai Village, South Minahasa Regency.
This research is expected to develop beekeeping in North Sulawesi, specifically the local bee Apis cerana in
Kumelembuai Village. The benefits obtained from beekeeping development activities include increasing the
income and nutritional quality of the community from beekeeping products such as honey, pollen, royal jelly,
beeswax, propolis, bee venom. Conservation of natural resources, honey bees play an important role in helping
the process of pollinating plants, in addition to beekeeping activities can also increase public awareness to
participate in conservation efforts. North Sulawesi, especially in the village of Kumelembuai, can be developed
using the methodqueen rearing best because it has bright prospects for cultivation in North Sulawesi. Honey
bee cultivation is very profitable, in addition to increasing agricultural production (crop yields) and producing
products from beesApis cerana namely honey, royal jelly, tepung sari, propolis, wax, bee venom which can all
be utilized for human welfare. A number of studies have been carried out by various parties who feel an
interest in the development of beekeeping, but the research conducted is still partial and limited to one or two
environmental components, not integrated yet. It is hoped that this research can produce the best methods for
developing beekeeping in the North Sulawesi kumelembu village. The research location will be conducted in
the village of Kumelembuai, South Minahasa regency, North Sulawesi.
Laboratory analysis is focused on the content of royal jelly products produced by honey bees Apis cerana F.
Based on the results of data analysis and discussion in this study are as follows.
1. Research of the four methods namely Supersedure, Emergency cell, Miller and Doolittle produce superior
methods, namely the method Emergency cell.
2. In the methodemergency cell artificial feeds provide queen cell formation and productionroyal jelly with a
composition of 100 grams of sugar and 200 grams of water both cane sugar and palm sugar are higher than
other treatments, although not significantly different.
3. Artificial feed with a composition of 200 grams of cane sugar and 200 grams of water gives a good effect on
the fat content of royal jelly Apis cerana in the method emergency cell.
4. Product of royal jelly as a result of panelist evaluationin this study showed that the preferred odor was not
pungent, slightly acidic and sticky taste on the tongue and the white color of the product of royal jelly honey
bee Apis cerana
Development & Validation of HPLC method for simultaneous
estimation of Drotaverine & Omeprazole
Authors: Shaikh Zaheer , Ahad Abdul , Patel Showkat , Farooqui Maqdoom
Published: November 2020

A simple and accurate method was developed for simultaneous estimation of
Drotaverine & Omeprazole. The chromatography parameters includes stainless steel column Develosil ODS HG-5 RP C18, 5m, 15cmx4.6mm i.d and acetonitrile: potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (0.02M, pH 3.0) (55:45v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate (1.0 ml/minute). The determinations were performed using UV-Vis detector set at 273 nm. The developed HPLC method showed specificity and selectivity with good precision and accuracy, which makes it very suitable for quantification of Drotaverine & Omeprazole.
Effect of Ultrasonication on Microbial, Chemical and Sensory
properties of Juices and its Kinetic aspects: A Review
Authors: Pratheepa V. , Kamalanathan G.
Published: November 2020

Ultrasound is a novel and innovative technology which is rapidly emerging in food
industry. There was an increased consumer demand on new methods of food processing that have a
reduced impact on nutritional content and overall food quality. Ultrasonic processing is still infancy
and requires a great deal of future research work in order to develop industrial equipment. Ultrasound
is found to be an effective method for microbial inactivation and greater efficiency is obtained by
combination of ultrasound with heat and pressure. This technique is also used as an analytical
technique to provide information about the physiochemical properties of foods. Ultrasound is more
beneficial because less processing time, better product quality, less hazards and being eco-friendly.
This review summarizes mechanism, application and effects on various parameters of ultrasound in
fruit juices.
Study on Setting & Strength Characteristic of GGBS based
Geopolymer Concrete by Blending of Fly Ash and Metakaoline
Authors: Kashyap Addepalli Mallinadh , Sekhar Rao Tanimki Chandra , Ramana Rao N.V.
Published: November 2020

Carbon dioxide is liberated in huge amounts by the manufacturing of Portland Pozzolana
Cement. Normally, conventional concrete is manufactured with Portland cement, which acts as a
binder. The production of cement emits CO2 into the atmosphere, which is a green house gas and
causes the environmental pollution. Considering this as a serious environmental problem, there is a
need to develop sustainable alternatives to Portland cement utilizing the industrial byproducts such as
fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and Metakaoline which are pozzolonic in nature. It has
been established that fly ash can replace cement partially. In this context, a new material was
developed known as ‖Geopolymer‖.
In this study, the various parameters on the short term engineering properties of fresh and hardened
properties of Geopolymer Mortar were studied. In the present investigation, cement is replaced by
geopolymer source material and water is replaced by alkaline activator consisting of Sodium Silicate
and Sodium Hydroxide of molarity (12M). The ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide adopted
was 2.5. The test results showed that final setting time decreases as the GGBS content in the mix
increases and also increase in compressive strength. Where as in the case of metakaoline, as the
content increases, there is a decrease in compressive strength and setting times of the geopolymer
concrete.
Muerte e identidad en Final Fantasy IX
Authors: Gisbert Cantó Raúl
Published: November 2020

Los videojuegos se han desarrollado como medio de expresión que sirven como reflejo verosímil de diferentes aspectos de la sociedad. En el caso que nos ocupa, vamos a analizar cómo se conciben la “muerte” y la “identidad” en el videojuego Final Fantasy IX. Así, analizaremos la muerte dentro de la propia historia, y partir de dicho análisis, veremos de qué forma se construyen las identidades de los personajes. Para ello, basaremos nuestro estudio en la semiótica, atendiendo tanto a aspectos visuales como sociológicos, puesto que la construcción de la identidad está ligada a los elementos visuales del videojuego y en conexión con la muerte y las relaciones sociológicas. Así, el presente artículo tiene como finalidad analizar semióticamente el papel de los conceptos de “muerte” e “identidad” en el videojuego arriba mencionado y de qué forma tienen un reflejo en la sociedad actual.
Palabras clave: videojuego, sociedad, semiótica, sociología, identidades
El videojuego como espejo de la sociedad contemporánea
Authors: Moreno Cantano Antonio César , Venegas Ramos Alberto
Published: November 2020

El presente texto adquiere la forma de introducción del monográfico dedicado a Videojuegos como representación de la problemática social. Nos planteamos la importancia creciente de este formato para posicionar al jugador frente a gran número de problemáticas actuales, que cuestionan y critican aspectos de la realidad política, social o económica. Tal y como han planteado diferentes investigadores, tales como Daniel Muriel, Alberto Murcia o Ian Bogost, mediante este tipo de simulaciones y experiencias, el juego puede contribuir a confrontar nuestra identidad y empatizar con aquello que se nos muestra a través de la pantalla. Se produce un efecto de espejo, en el que las mecánicas y reglas de algunos de los más conocidos títulos videolúdicos, pueden plantearnos dilemas morales que van más allá de ganar o perder una partida.
On the Fourth Coefficient of the Inverse of a Starlike Function of Positive Order
Authors: Sugawa Toshiyuki , Wang Li-Mei
Published: November 2020

We consider the inverse function $z=g(w)$ of a (normalized) starlike function $w=f(z)$ of order $\alpha$ on the unit disk of the complex plane with $0<\alpha<1.$ Krzy{\. z}, Libera and Z\l otkiewicz obtained sharp estimates of the second and the third coefficients of $g(w)$ in their 1979 paper. Prokhorov and Szynal gave sharp estimates of the fourth coefficient of $g(w)$ as a consequence of the solution to an extremal problem in 1981. We give a straightforward proof of the estimate of the fourth coefficient of $g(w)$ together with explicit forms of the extremal functions.
Laser Printing of Plasmonic Nanosponges
Authors: Syubaev Sergey , Gurbatov Stanislav , Modin Evgeny , Linklater Denver P. , Juodkazis Saulius , Gurevich Evgeny , Kuchmizhak Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

Three-dimensional porous nanostructures made of noble metals represent novel class of nanomaterials promising for nonlinear nanooptics and sensors. Such nanostructures are typically fabricated using either reproducible yet time-consuming and costly multi-step lithography protocols or less reproducible chemical synthesis that involve liquid processing with toxic compounds. Here, we combined scalable nanosecond-laser ablation with advanced engineering of the chemical composition of thin substrate-supported Au films to produce nanobumps containing multiple nanopores inside. Most of the nanopores hidden beneath the nanobump surface can be further uncapped using gentle etching of the nanobumps by an Ar-ion beam to form functional 3D plasmonic nanosponges. The nanopores 10-150~nm in diameter were found to appear via laser-induced explosive evaporation/boiling and coalescence of the randomly arranged nucleation sites formed by nitrogen-rich areas of the Au films. Density of the nanopores can be controlled by the amount of the nitrogen in the Au films regulated in the process of their magnetron sputtering assisted with nitrogen-containing discharge gas.
Optimalisasi penjualan Produk Unggulan Wonorejo melalui sosial media pada masa pandemi COVID19
Authors: Anwar Fuad , Suparmi Suparmi , Cari Cari , Riyatun Riyatun , Suharyana Suharyana , Darmanto Darmanto , Yunianto Mohtar
Published: November 2020

Telah dilakukan upaya dalam rangka optimalisasi penjualan produk – produk hasil karya masyarakat Wonorejo Kecamatan Paolokarto Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Bulan Maret tahun 2020 merupakan awal terjadinya pandemi virus Corona sehingga penjualan produk secara offline hampir terhenti karena masyarakat diwajibkan tetap berada di rumah. Sebuah upaya dilakukan agar masyarakat  tetap dapat memperoleh pendapatan, sehingga dihasilkan layanan berbasis media sosial ecommerce untuk menampung berbagai produk masyarakat, hasilnya berupa  akun facebook Produk Unggulan Wonorejo untuk proses jual beli, proses awal adalah sosialisasi akun tersebut, akun yang dibuat sejak 12 April 2020 telah memiliki teman 2761 dan juga group jual Produk Unggulan Wonorejo yang memiliki anggota 510 Anggota. Sampai saat ini telah ada 1670 postingan jual beli,  banyak terjadi transaksi jual beli untuk produk – produk hasil masyarakat, dengan adanya akun dan group ini  membantu masyarakat dalam menjual produknya di masa pandemi covid 19 terlihat dari hasil jajak pendapat dimana selama 2 bulan hasilnya adalah  80 % menyatakan bermanfaat, 19 % cukup bermanfaat dan 1 % tidak bermanfaat
Hierarchical Clustering for Functionalities E-Commerce Adoption
Authors: Triandini Evi , Hermawati Fajar Astuti , Suniantara I Ketut Putu
Published: November 2020

Web functionality is one driver for e-commerce adoption. It is appeared the level of technological capabilities as well as the accentuation of the strategy put on e-commerce by the organization. Web functionality is related to the level of e-commerce relocation. Website with more functionality will give way better benefits for shoppers and trade partners. Functionalities of web are components that support the achievement of adoption benefits. Hierarchical clustering and ranking availability of e-commerce functionality is a challenging task. Ward Linkage algorithm was used to measure distance. This study proposed to get a grouping of e-commerce functionalities that influence e-commerce adoption and to get the ranking of the groups that most influence the achievement of these benefits. Result shows that functionalities that supports the achievement of every benefit of e-commerce has been clustered into two or three clusters, where each cluster also has been ranked to facilitate the achievement of these benefits
KEMAMPUAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DEBAT AKTIF SEBAGAI KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 30 SURABAYA
Authors: Wagu Eleonora Yosephina , Riko Riko
Published: November 2020

Metode debat aktif ini merupakan salah satu metode yang diciptakan oleh Melvin L. Silberman dalam pembelajaran aktif (active learning). Metode ini digunakan untuk menstimulasi diskusi kelas. Melalui metode ini setiap siswa didorong untuk mengemukakan pendapatnya melalui suatu perdebatan antar kelompok diskusi yang disatukan dalam sebuah diskusi kelas.keterampilan berbicara merupakan kecakapan yang memerlukan koordinasi otot dan syaraf dalam mengucapkan bunyi-bunyi yang bermakna, penyampaian gagasan, usul, serta pemikiran pada orang lain. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa menggunakan metode debat aktif sebagai keterampilan berbicara.Dalam penelitian inimenggunakan rancangan penelitian deskripsi kualitatif.Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa instrumen tes berupa keterampilan berbicara menggunakan metode debat aktif dan instrument nontes berupa observasi dan wawancara.Pengumpulan data berupa Teknik tes,teknik observasi dan wawancara.Analisis data dimulai dari tahap reduksi data,tahap penyajian data,dan tahap verifikasi data. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data,dapat diperoleh hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama,masalah keterampilan berbicara  dari aspek kebahasaan dan non kebahasaan menggunakan metode debat aktif. Kedua,masalah keaktifan siswa belajar Mmenggunakan metode debat aktif. Ketiga, masalah tanggapan dan respon siswa tentang metode debat aktif
THEATER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FORBIDDEN FROM SINGING IN BATH ROOM BY SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA THEATER HAD STUDY PROGRAM IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE EDUCATION TRUNOJOYO MADURA UNIVERSITY (CARLES SANDERS PEARCE SEMIOTIC STUDY)
Authors: Amil Ahmad Jami’ul
Published: November 2020

This research is descriptive qualitative research that examines theatrical performances of scripts. It is forbidden to sing in the bathroom. The work of Seno GumiraAjiDarma is the study of semiotic carlesanderspearce. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the study of semiotics in the tetater show had once been conducted by the PBSI Study Program using the study of semiotic carles sanders Pearce. Data collection techniques using documentation techniques, note, and see. The analysis technique used is reducing data, promising data, and verifying data. From the results of the study concluded that the semiotics that appear on signs and markers in the form of symbols are the dance of the bathroom, sound, and the shadow of the bathroom. The index aspect is in the form of actor actions in the form of exoticism, anxiety, admiration, exoticism, and the imagination of the actor. The iconic aspect is shown in one of the events, namely the social environment in the form of a house, bathroom, and boarding house.
Mengukur Faktor Terkait Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Untuk Inovasi Pada Perguruan Tinggi Negeri
Authors: Yalina Nita
Published: November 2020

Inovasi adalah sekumpulan proses yang digunakan sebagai respon atas tantangan-tantangan global yang terjadi didalam bisnis dan organisasi. Inovasi sangat penting bagi organisasi untuk mendapatkan efekifitas dan efisiensi serta keunggulan kompetitif. Saat ini, inovasi terkait erat dengan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) yang sangat cepat menuntut organisasi untuk terus melakukan inovasi untuk menjamin keberlanjutan organisasi. Organisasi pada sector public memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Organisasi sector public dikenal lebih kaku dan tidak fleksibel. Sehingga untuk dapat meningkatkan inovasi pada organisasi sektor public tentu dibutuhkan pendekatan yang berbeda. Budaya inovasi harus terus dikembangkan untuk menjamin terjadinya inovasi yang berkelanjutan. Secara teori, proses inovasi sangat berkaitan erat dengan riset dan pengembangan. Dalam kacamata akademik, Perguruan Tinggi adalah lembaga yang sangat tepat untuk terus melakukan hal tersebut karena merupakan bagian dari tridharma perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk mengukur factor-faktor terkait TIK yang mendukung adanya inovasi pada beberapa Perguruan Tinggi negeri yang ada di Surabaya.
GAME ANDROID EDUKASI BIOLOGI TENTANG SISTEM PENCERNAAN PADA MANUSIA
Authors: Sofyan Faisol Hamdani
Published: November 2020

Kesehatan masyarakat merupakan salah satu modal pokok dalam rangka pertumbuhan dan kehidupan bangsa. Untuk mewujudkan hal ini secara optimal diselenggarakan upaya kesehatan, namun masih banyak anak muda bahkan orang tua yang tidak tahu tentang jenis makanan yang sehat, dan juga cara menangani penyakit di dalam sistem pencernaan pada manusia secara umumnya. Maka dari itu cara untuk memperkenalkannya yaitu dengan cara menggunakan game android, Android saat ini sangat banyak sekali digunakan di masyarakat umum. Hampir semua orang mempunyai telfon genggam khususnya android. Dengan menggunakan pengenalan sistem pencernaan kedalam game yang menarik, akan membuat masyarakat ingin mengetahuinya, sehingga kesehatan masyarakat dapat terjaga.Membuat game ini di usulkan untuk Game Digital Digestive System learning, game ini menerapkan cara bermain, berdemonstrasi dan berilmu pengetahuan alam. Game edukasi biologi ini dikembangkan dengan teknologi Xamarin Studio engine, karena aplikasi ini sudah terdapat platform monogame. Monogame ini berguna untuk menciptakan suatu Game 2D yang sudah terstruktur lokasi penulisan kode pemograman. Diharapkan dengan adanya game edukasi biologi ini dapat membantu masyarakat untuk menjaga kesehatan dan juga memelihara kesehatan yang sangat diutama, yaitu sistem pencernaan.
History-Matching and Forecasting a Tight Rich-Gas Condensate Reservoir in Middle East using an Integrated Numerical and Analytical Workflow Based on Rate Transient Analysis RTA
Authors: Ataei Abdolrahim , M. Shofi M Suhaimi , Kweh Chia Shin , Zolalemin Ali , Mazzlan Khairul Akmal , Navaratnam Dharshana
Published: November 2020

Lack of long-term production data is one of the major challenges when performing analysis for tight gas reservoirs during appraisal phase. For low-permeability liquid-rich gas and gas condensate reservoirs, fracture performance will be severely affected by condensate banking as soon as dew point pressure is reached in the vicinity of the wellbore. This makes the evaluation of fracture effectiveness and potential connected volume more challenging. Although numerical simulation can account for complex PVT, reservoir and fracture characteristics and by far the most rigorous method for forecasting, it cannot be applied to all wells due to lack of analysis time and supporting data. Therefore, a more robust methodology is required to analyze production data for a limited test period during the development phase. This paper entails an efficient and robust methodology that was applied to over 80 wells in less than a few weeks for performance evaluation, history matching and forecasting. The field in this study is a layered tight gas reservoir in the Middle East, which is currently undergoing development after an extensive appraisal plan. Most of the wells are single staged vertically fracced with their performance being significantly in comparison due to the hydraulic fracturing performance, rock quality, gas richness and operating conditions. With over 100 wells planned to be drilled in this field, it is vital to analyze the existing well performances and establish a workflow emphasizing on the near wellbore region for a robust forecasting methodology for this tight liquid-rich reservoir.
Systematic Calcium Carbonate Scale Risk Evaluation from Downhole to Topside Flowline
Authors: Aljeban Norah , Al-Harbi Bader , Chen Tao , Balharth Salem
Published: November 2020

The formation of CaCO3 mineral scale is a persistent flow assurance problem in the oil and gas industry. It deposits at various locations with different levels from reservoir to topside flowline. It could restrict well intervention, block flowline and reduce production. To make an effective mitigation strategy, it is essential to understand the location and severity of scaling, and the performance of scale inhibitor under specific operation conditions.

In the work reported herein, the dynamic scale loop tests were performed to evaluate the severity of scale deposition at different locations from the reservoir to transport flowline in the absence and in the presence of scale inhibitors under dynamic conditions. The tests are carried out at various temperatures (20-130°C) and pH (6.0-8.3), which are major factors contributing to calcium carbonate formation and representative of the operating conditions at different locations from reservoir to topside flowline.

The results showed low calcium carbonate risk from reservoir to wellhead under tested conditions. Although the high reservoir temperature favors calcium carbonate formation in downhole, the low pH reduces the risk of calcium carbonate formation at downhole conditions. Harsher calcium carbonate deposition is evaluated at the conditions of phase separator/degasser units due to the higher pH of produced water after released CO2 from fluid. Calcium carbonate scale can also deposit in transport flowline, especially at high temperature during summer in the desert area, along with higher pH of the produced water. Calcium carbonate scale prevention and mitigation treatments are required to inhibit scale deposition. The tested phosphonate scale inhibitor provides low dose rate to effectively inhibit calcium carbonate formation at high temperature. The corrosion inhibitor could have a negative impact on the performance of scale inhibitor, and this must be considered when designing the scale inhibitor treatment.

This paper gives a comprehensive study of scaling risk evaluation from downhole to topside flowline in the absence and in the presence of scale inhibitor. It contributes to the understanding of calcium carbonate formation and inhibition in the whole production system and recommends effective scale mitigation strategies.
New Cement Evaluation Technology Enables Successful Casing Retrieval and Well Abandonment: A Case Study from Southeast Asia
Authors: Kamgang Sebastien , bin Haji Mohamad Yakup Mohamad Azwan , Hanif Amer , Obiri Yomi , Das Saikat
Published: November 2020

A common operation performed in oilfields is that of plug and abandonment (P&A) whereby a well is permanently closed at the end of its economic life. The regulatory requirements for this operation may vary between countries, however, it is imperative to establish that there is no potential for uncontrolled fluid flow to surface and freshwater aquifers are hydraulically isolated in the wellbore. This entails an accurate assessment of casing and cement integrity including an unambiguous determination of the top of cement (TOC). Towards the end of the plugging operation, a cut is placed above TOC, and the casing is retrieved from the well.

There are several challenges associated with cement evaluation in old wells. The well may have gas or gasified fluid in the wellbore, depleted formations making it difficult or impossible to fill the wellbore with liquid prior to cement evaluation logging, casing damage or open perforations may preclude application of pressure to differentiate free pipe from micro-annulus conditions and records on cement and operations history may be sparse. Drilling muds are often weighted using barite or other weighting materials. With an incomplete removal of mud, during well completion, these heavy materials sag, settle and solidify, behind casing, over the life of the well. An often-encountered consequence of solidified mud is to shift casing free-point to a depth well above TOC. Traditional cement evaluation tools find it difficult to identify this condition leading to unsuccessful casing cut and retrieval attempts, and associated time and cost overruns.

A new cement logging technique uses electro-magnetic transducers and multiple wave modes to overcome operational and evaluation challenges met in P&A operations. We will present a case study, from Southeast Asia, where the operator was concerned about risks associated with solids sag, above cement, in a 60 years old well. The new service provided accurate cement evaluation across depleted reservoir sections and over intervals with micro-annulus condition. Top of cement was clearly differentiated from the top of solid mud behind casing. A free-point depth was selected and casing was cut and pulled in first attempt. Operator estimated an overall saving of two days in rig time.
Interpretation of Enhanced Fecal and Urinary Plutonium Excretions Under a 2-year Regular DTPA Treatment Started Months after Intake: A Case Report.
Authors: GREMY Olivier , BLANCHIN Nicolas , MICCOLI Laurent
Published: November 2020

Background: Internal contamination with plutonium is a potential hazard for workers handling this alpha-emitting transuranic element. The only medical approach available for reducing potential health effects is to promote plutonium excretion by chelation therapy with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Because of its poor distribution in plutonium retention tissues, DTPA should be initiated as early as possible after contamination to achieve maximum chelation when plutonium is still circulating. Treatment efficacy is usually evaluated by measuring the alpha activity in urine collected in the first 24 hours following DTPA administration as it is widely assumed that plutonium-DTPA complexes are very predominantly cleared within 24 hours.Case presentation: In a worker who had internalized plutonium-238 most likely through inhalation of a soluble compound, an extensive DTPA treatment regimen was initiated several months after contamination. Numerous radiotoxicological analyses were performed in both fecal and urinary specimens collected sometimes for three days after DTPA administration.Conclusions: Activity measurements showed the continued effectiveness of DTPA intravenous infusions in removing plutonium from tissues of retention even if the treatment regimen started several months after contamination. In the present case, the activity excreted through urine in the first 24 hours after a given DTPA administration was only about half of the total urinary plutonium excretion collected over three consecutive days. In addition, the careful study of the data revealed that DTPA-induced excretion of plutonium via fecal pathway significantly contributed to the overall decorporation. The intracellular chelation of plutonium which may be responsible for this enhanced excretion of activity in feces as well as for the delayed and sustained increased clearance of activity in urine. The authors would suggest that the occupational physicians offer to individuals who internalized plutonium compounds somewhat soluble to undergo a chronic DTPA treatment, especially when it is not initiated promptly after intake. Under this scenario, regular measurements of plutonium in successive urine and fecal collections after treatment should be required to get a better estimate of the therapeutic benefit. Also, intracellular chelation and fecal route should be taken into account for better interpretation of radiotoxicological data and modeling of plutonium kinetic under DTPA treatment.
Salvianolic Acid B Protects Against Myocardial Ischemic Injury Through Inhibiting Apoptosis and Promoting Autophagy
Authors: Lin Chao , Chen Qi , Peng Linxiu , Wu Xiao , Li Yongming , Wang Junyi , Bian Huimin
Published: November 2020

Aim of the study: Salvianolic acid B(Sal B) as a natural compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been extensively used to protect cardiomyocytes from myocardial ischemia. Although Sal B has shown evident effects on cardiovascular diseases, the detailed mechanism is still unclear as yet. Herein, we intended to explorethe protective effects of Sal B on myocardial ischemic injury and the underlying mechanism. Methods and Results: Western blotting, immunofluorescence assay, flow cytometry and lentiviral transfection were performed. The mice with myocardial ischemic injury were intravenously given 10 mg/kg Sal B once daily for seven days, and then H9c2 cells were treated with Sal B (20, 40, 80 μmol/L). Sal B treatment protected cardiomyocytes from myocardial ischemia through relieving apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy exhibited that Sal B significantly increased autophagic lysosomes and vacuoles in H9c2 cells. Administration with Sal B significantly up-regulated the expressions of autophagy-related factors such as LC3, Atg5 and Beclin 1 in H9c2 cells and myocardial tissues. The beneficial autophagic changes induced by Sal B were abrogated through pharmacological inhibition. Conclusions: This study provides a molecular mechanism by which Sal B potently inhibits apoptosis and oxidative stress upon myocardial ischemia by activating the AMPK-autophagy pathway. Sal B is a potential agent for treating myocardial ischemia.
Prevalence and Phenotypic Impact of Rare Likely Pathogenic Variants in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mahjani Behrang , Rubeis Silvia De , Mahjani Christina Gustavsson , Mulhern Maureen , Xu Xinyi , Klei Lambertus , Satterstrom F. Kyle , Fu Jack , Talkowski Michael E. , Reichenberg Abraham , Sandin Sven , Hultman Christina M. , Grice Dorothy E. , Roeder Kathryn , Devlin Bernie , Buxbaum Joseph D.
Published: November 2020

Background: Copy number variants (CNVs) and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are sources of risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The distribution of such pathogenic variants in individuals with ASD and the characterization of those who carry such variants versus those who do not are understudied at the population level. We describe a population sample from Sweden, evaluating the distribution of likely pathogenic variants and their impact on medical, neurological, and psychiatric phenotypes.Methods: The genotyped sample consisted of 1,236 children born in Sweden with autistic disorder, a severe form of ASD (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, code F84.0.) Of these individuals, CNVs were called from 997, while SNVs were called from 808. Results: Out of 997 individuals from whom CNVs were called, 104 (10.4 %) carried one or more likely pathogenic CNV, including 15q11q13 (n=8), 15q13.3 (n=5), 16p13.11 (n=5), 16p11.11 (n=5), 22q11.2 (n=5). Of 808 individuals assessed by whole-exome sequencing, 69 (8.5%) had a likely pathogenic SNV, including in GRIN2B (n = 6), POGZ (n = 5), SATB1 (n=4), DYNC1H1 (n=4), and CREBBP (n=3). Fourteen individuals carried two likely pathogenic CNVs, and 5 carried a likely pathogenic CNV and SNV. Carriers of likely pathogenic CNVs or SNVs were more likely to have intellectual disability (ID), scholastic skill disorders, and epilepsy, with odds ratios of 2.31 (95%CI, 1.55,3.47), 1.98 (95%CI, 1.19,3.21), and 1.63 (95%CI, 1.08,2.44) respectively. Carriers of likely pathogenic CNVs also showed significant increased rates of congenital anomalies. We compared rates of likely pathogenic CNVs, SNVs, and phenotypes from genotyped AD subjects with and without ID: rates were not significantly different between groups. Limitations: As a case-control cohort, we did not have de novo information to aid in classification. More broadly, there were judgment calls involved in identifying likely pathogenic variants. For these reasons, some misclassification is possible. In addition, phenotypes are defined from medical registers, which may lead to underestimates of milder findings.Conclusions: People with ASD who carry likely pathogenic CNVs or SNVs show increased rates of various comorbidities, most prominently ID. Despite the strong association with ID, conditioning on its presence explains little of the variation for other comorbidities and physical traits.
Determination of cyclic filling length in gob-side entry retained with roadside filling and its application
Authors: Zhang Zizheng , Bai Jianbiao , Yu Xianyang , Yu Weijian , Deng Min , Xin Jinlin
Published: November 2020

Gob-side entry retained with roadside filling (GER-RF) plays a key role in achieving coal mining without pillar and improving the coal resource recovery rate. Since there are few reports on the cyclic filling length of GER-RF, a method based on the stress difference method is proposed to determine the cyclic filling length of GER-RF. Firstly, a stability analysis mechanics model of the immediate roof above roadside filling area in GER was established, then the relationship between the roof stress distribution and the unsupported roof length was obtained by the stress difference method. According to the roof stability above roadside filling area based on the relationship between the roof stress and its tensile strength, the maximum unsupported roof length and rational cyclic filling length of GER-RF. Combined with the geological conditions of the 1103 thin coal seam working face of Heilong Coal Mine and the geological conditions of the 1301 thick coal seam working face of Licun Coal Mine, this suggested method was applied to determine that the rational cyclic filling lengths of GER-RF were 2.4 m and 3.2 m, respectively. Field trial tests show that the suggested method can effectively control the surrounding rock deformation along with rational road-in support and roadside support, and improve the filling and construction speed.
MiR-210 has the capacity to serve as a diagnostic biomarker for laryngeal carcinoma patient
Authors: Wang Lili , Song Hongguang , Yang Shiming
Published: November 2020

Background

Early diagnosis represents a great challenge for laryngeal carcinoma patients. MiR-210 is involved in various human cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of serum miR-210 in laryngeal carcinoma.
Methods

In our study, qRT-PCR was performed to determine the serum miR-210 level in 137 laryngeal carcinoma patients and 79 healthy volunteers. The association of serum miR-210 level with clinical characteristics of the patients was estimated by chi-square test. ROC analysis was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-210 in laryngeal carcinoma.
Results

Serum miR-210 level was higher in laryngeal carcinoma patients than that in healthy group (P < 0.001). Moreover, its elevated expression was positively associated with TNM stage (P = 0.000) and distant metastasis (P = 0.001). The AUC value of the ROC curve was 0.893, suggesting the possibility of serum miR-210 as a diagnostic biomarker for the disease. The cut-off value was 4.685, with the sensitivity of 83.2% and the specificity of 84.8%.
Conclusion

MiR-210 serves as an oncogene in progression of laryngeal carcinoma. Serum miR-210 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for laryngeal carcinoma.
WITHDRAWN: PLK1 is a Potential Prognostic Factor Associated With the Tumor Microenvironment During Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression
Authors: Huang Zhehao , Li Xianglan
Published: November 2020

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for more than 40% of lung cancer cases worldwide, and the 5-year survival rate of LUAD patients is less than 10% due to a lack of reliable therapeutics. Here, we sought to identify a new therapeutic target for LUAD via bioinformatics analysis.Methods: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was conducted for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in 551 samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and the CIBERSORT method were performed to estimate the expression profile of biological pathways and the population of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in the TCGA dataset. DEGs were further analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cox regression analyses, followed by RT-PCR and western blotting for confirmation. Results: Cell cycle was the only shared pathway identified by the KEGG and GSVA interaction analyses. Cell cycle score was positively associated with clinical characteristics (age, clinical stage, and metastasis) and negatively associated with overall survival in LUAD patients. PPI and Cox analyses identified PLK1 as a prognostic factor, which was positively correlated with clinical stage and negatively correlated with overall survival in LUAD patients. CIBERSORT analysis indicated that PLK1 expression was significantly positively correlated with CD8+ and activated memory CD4+ T cells, and negatively correlated with activated natural killer cells. Additionally, PLK1 overexpression resulted in increased immune cytotoxic metrics, such as cytolytic activity score, IFN-γ score, and IFN-γ level.Conclusions: PLK1 may be useful for survival estimation in LUAD patients due to its strong correlation with features of TICs in the tumor immune microenvironment.
“It’s A Steeper Hill for Women to Climb!”: An Intersectional Gender Analysis of Familial and Socio-Cultural Drivers of Inequitable Scientific Career Progression of Researchers in the Context of the DELTAS Africa Initiative
Authors: Liani Millicent L. , Nyamongo Isaac K. , Pulford Justin , Tolhurst Rachel
Published: November 2020

Background: This study sought to illuminate familial and socio-cultural drivers that contribute to intersectional gender inequities in scientific career progression in Sub-saharan Africa (SSA) by drawing on lived experiences of women and men researchers. The findings are drawn from a wider research study that was aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding of the barriers and enablers of gender equitable scientific career progression for researchers in SSA. This was nested within the context of ‘Developing Excellence in Leadership, Training and Science in Africa’ (DELTAS Africa) – a health-based scientific research capacity strengthening initiative. Methods: The study adopted an exploratory qualitative cross-sectional study design. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifty-eight (32 Female and 26 Male) trainees/research fellows at various career stages, supported and/or affiliated to three purposively selected African Research Consortia. The interviews were conducted between May and December 2018 in English. The data was analysed inductively based on emergent themes.Results: Four themes were identified. First: characterisation of the normative career pathway and progression requirements. Second: social power relations of gender within the family and wider society. Third: researchers’ experiences of navigating between the ‘two different lives’, and the resultant implications for their career progression and personal well-being. Fourth, potential strategies utilised by women for navigating the ‘two different lives’ and their impacts. Conclusions: This study offers important policy and practice measures and approaches for fostering equitable scientific research career progression for women and men within research capacity strengthening initiatives in SSA. These includes the need for: reforms in institutional human resources policies and systems; a more fundamental re-think of the normative scientific career structure to create equitable opportunities, improving diversity and well-being of both female and male researchers; additional support and potential adjustments to expectations for language minorities in science; and embracing gender transformative approaches in science.
The Association Between Diarrheal Morbidity and ODF Status Among Under Five Children in Southeast, Ethiopia
Authors: Megersa Sintayehu , Benti Tomas , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Abegaz Kedir Hussien , Birhanu Endalkachew
Published: November 2020

Background: Diarrheal disease remains one of the leading killers of children around the world. Most cases of diarrhea spread in settings with poor hygiene and lack of access to clean drinking water and sanitation. In Ethiopia, diarrheal disease is more common and kills almost fifteen thousand under-five children in year 2016. Therefore, this study determined diarrheal morbidity among under five children and its association with open defecation free status.Methods: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 732 households that had at least one under-five children. Multistage sampling technique was used to select households. Informed verbal consent was obtained from study participant. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diarrheal morbidity among under five children. Odd ratios with 95% confidence interval were reported and p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistical significance. Results: A total of 709 mothers or caregivers of under-five children were interviewed making the response rate 97%. The past two-week diarrhea morbidity in the study area was 20.2%. Multivariable analysis showed that unsanitary disposal of children`s feces (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]= 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66, 4.30), exclusive breast feeding (AOR=0.43 [0.26, 0.71), mother not attend formal education (AOR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.18, 3.15) and child age (AOR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.04. 3.57) were significantly associated with diarrheal disease. Conversely, there is no association between open defecation free status and childhood diarrhea among under-five children (AOR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.44).Conclusions: The prevalence of diarrhea was slightly higher among children from non-open defecation free households when compared to children living in open defecation free households. However, open defecation free status was not significantly associated with diarrhea morbidity during multivariable logistic analysis.
Alginate-amphothericin B Nanocomplexes Covered by Nanocrystals From Bacterial Cellulose: Physico-chemical Characterization and in Vitro Toxicity
Authors: Soeiro Victória Soares , Silva-Carvalho Ricardo , Martins Daniela , Parpot Pier , Grotto Denise , Chaud Marco Vinicius , Gama Francisco Miguel Portela da , Jozala Angela F.
Published: November 2020

Background: Nanostructured systems free of surfactants have pharmacotechnical and biopharmaceutical advantages, in addition to being a green process. Amphotericin B (AmB) is a drug with anti-leishmanial and anti-fungal potential, but its low water solubility and permeability limit its therapeutic use. Therefore, it could profit from being incorporated into nanostructured systems. In the present study, a self-assembled nanocomplex of alginate (Alg), a polysaccharide extracted from natural sources that can be used in the pharmaceutical area, with AmB was produced in order to improve the limited therapeutic use of this drug (Alg-AmB). Further, as a reinforcing component, cellulose nanocrystals (NCC) were ionically adsorbed into the surface of the nanocomplex systems (Alg-AmB + NCC). Results: Despite some polydispersity (0.523 ± 0.073), this straightforward process allowed to obtain water soluble particles with a hydrodynamic size of 258.87 ± 10.41 nm and charge of -62.93 ± 2.02 mV. Furthermore, the ionic adsorption of the NCC into the Alg-AmB nanocomplex surface was confirmed by an increase in the particle size (466.3 ± 17.57 nm) and a small surface charge decrease (-55.75 ± 1.23 mV). The amorphous inclusion complex of AmB into the polysaccharide chain network in both formulations was confirmed by DSC and FTIR. AmB in the nanocomplexes was in supper-aggregated form and showed good biocompatibility, being significantly less cytotoxic in vitro against kidney cells and significantly less hemolytic comparatively to the free-drug. Conclusions: The results were indicated the Alg-AmB nanocomplex can be considered an economical, non-toxic alternative to improve the AmB therapeutic effect. Furthermore, NCC coating of the nanocomplexes brought additional protection to the system without compromised the advantages attributed to the developed formulation.
An Evaluation of Public Opinion on Quality of Pharmaceutical Products Marketed in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Authors: Nwankwo Ezinne Janefrances , Oli Angus Nnamdi , Umeyor Chukwuebuka Emmanuel , Ogwaluonye Uchenna Chukwunonso , Umeh Ugochukwu Stanley
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION Pharmaceutical products are subject to rigorous quality assurance checks in order to ensure that drug products are of required quality, are safe and have good efficacy. However, the emergence of substandard drug products have largely impacted both the health and perception of the public towards drug use. This work aims to identify those trends in public opinion among both prescribers and end-users within Anambra State, Nigeria. METHOD This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in 2019. Data collection was quantitative using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire to four hundred participants, comprising of medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists and end-users. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Statistical significance was set at 5 percent (p<0.05). Ethical approval was obtained from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Ethics and Advisory Committee RESULTS Majority (57.9 %) of the respondents think that the drugs marketed in Anambra state are somewhat effective. About a quarter (23.5 %) of the respondents had no idea of what to look out for when checking substandard drugs. About two-third (65.4 %) of our participants had used substandard drugs at least once in the past two years, out of which 51.1 % of them chose to discard the drugs whenever in their possession, 32.3 % of them returns the drugs to the outlets from where they were purchased, while only 16.5 % reports the drugs to the regulatory authority. 42.1 % of the medical doctors and nurses had no knowledge about the storage conditions of magnesium sulphate injection and 57.1 % of them affirmed that there was no available means of documenting ineffective or substandard drugs in their facilities. CONCLUSION This study brings to light the possible contributions of poor-quality medicines. A high percentage of the respondents had no idea of what to look out for while checking for substandard medicinal product. More campaigns against fake/ substandard drugs should be carried out at intervals.