bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INNOVATION AS A PROCESS
Authors: Tolić Ivan , Sabljić Dragan , Sabljić Tea
Published: September 2022

The theme of this paper is innovation as a continuous process that drives the global economy of today. The goal of this paper is to theoretically and practically explore the definition of innovation as the basis of business for solving existing problems of the organizations and/or people in a radically different way that generates high utility for all stakeholders in the process of innovating and placing a particular innovation on the market. Relevant scientific and professional literature in the field of economics is used to cover the topic. The research is expanded with various publications, professional journals, scientific articles, and of course, the Internet. Also, various general scientific methods are used such as: methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, methods of abstraction and concretization, method of explication, methods of description and compilation and others. To survive in today’s dynamic market environment, it is of the utmost importance for all organizations to keep up with economic trends and reexamine existing business postulates. The key to success in today’s world is rapid development based on continuous innovation. Although the impact of digitalization is not new, the digital economy is entering a new era that presents unprecedented challenges for businesses in the EU and globally. Disruptive innovations and digital tools are rapidly entering the business environment, causing significant changes in our way of life. This has created new opportunities and challenges and triggered the digital transformation of the economy. Innovations have become the cornerstone of Industry 4.0. In summary, the relentless shift from simple innovation and digitization to disruptive innovations based on combinations of modern technologies is forcing organizations to rethink their business practices. The bottom line, however, is the same: business and political leaders must understand an ever-changing economic environment and support those who will relentlessly and continuously innovate.
Art of Interpretation of Norms in Contemporary Public International Law: Appraisal of Methods and Approaches
Authors: Glodić Duško
Published: September 2022

The article explores contemporary issues in the interpretation of public international law rules: treaties, customary rules and other formal sources. As it is generally required in both legal practice and science, the practitioners of public international law also need to interpret international legal rules when trying to find its correct meaning and scope of application if there is the lack of clarity. The article has shown that there is a variety of methods that are applied by the subjects of interpretation with a view of determining the right and just meaning of the rules in question. During the last century, the art of interpretation has partially advanced as the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties has established the rules applicable to the interpretation of inter-State treaties. However, the customary rules or specific legal regimes still apply to interpreting other treaties and other formal sources of public international law, which do not fall within the scope of application of the Vienna Convention. Unlike municipal legal orders, there is no a centralised authority at the international plane which is authorised to interpret international law. Therefore, it is possible to speak about a multitude of subjects that interpret international law, whilst the most relevant seem to be authentic interpretation of the treaties or other acts. A particular layer in the interpretation of the rules of public international law is related to the need to ensure their effectiveness, thus enabling that the subject international relations be maintained or that the international structures keep performing their duties.
Catatan Editor JPS - Setelah pandemi: Preferensi individu dan kelompok dalam interaksi sosial
Authors: Milla Mirra Noor
Published: September 2022

Pandemi COVID-19 telah memengaruhi kesehatan manusia secara umum dan menyebabkan meningkatnya kasus kematian di seluruh dunia. Kondisi ini selain menyebabkan kekhawatiran dan rasa takut manusia meningkat, secara khusus juga berdampak pada bidang ekonomi dan politik di negara-negara yang terinfeksi COVID-19. Kondisi pandemi telah diakui sebagai penyebab utama disparitas dan insufisiensi kemajuan sosial dan ekonomi secara luas. Pertanyaan kritis yang relevan diajukan terkai kajian Psikologi Sosial, adalah apakah pengalaman ini akan mengubah preferensi dan kebiasaan individu maupun kelompok setelah pandemi berakhir?
Cerita tentang COVID-19: Efek format pesan pada prasangka terhadap tenaga kesehatan dengan mediasi persepsi ancaman
Authors: Baswara Boma , Halida Rizka
Published: September 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there are many cases of prejudice and discrimination against health workers, even though they are the spearhead of the pandemic response. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of different message types on the prejudice against health workers through the mediating effect of realistic and symbolic threat perceptions of the COVID-19. The message type was manipulated in the aspect of the message format (narrative, statistical) and the depiction of disease threat impact (realistic, symbolic). This research was conducted using a between-subject online experimental survey. The participants were 550 residents of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi (Jabodetabek) areas. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the conditions, namely statistical message type group, realistic threat narrative, symbolic threat narrative, and control group. After reading the text stimulus, measurements were made on the perception of realistic and symbolic COVID-19 threats, as well as prejudice against health workers. The results showed that the symbolic threat narrative group had lower prejudice compared to other groups (β = -0.226; t(536) = -2.052; p < 0.05). There was no effect of different message formats in the formation of prejudice against health workers. The mediating role of perceived threats on the relationship between message format and prejudice against health workers did not show as well. These results indicated that messages about disease do not always activate the behavioral immune system (BIS) mechanism, but also have the potential to deactivate the BIS mechanism, depending on the disease impact depicted on the message.
Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) metabarcoding of Foraminifera communities using taxon-specific primers
Authors: Macher Jan-Niklas , Bloska Dimitra Maria , Holzmann Maria , Girard Elsa B. , Pawlowski Jan , Renema Willem
Published: September 2022

Foraminifera are a species-rich phylum of rhizarian protists that are highly abundant in most marine environments. Molecular methods such as metabarcoding have revealed a high, yet undescribed diversity of Foraminifera. However, so far only one molecular marker, the 18S ribosomal RNA, was available for metabarcoding studies on Foraminifera. Primers that allow amplification of foraminiferal mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and identification of Foraminifera species were recently published. Here we test the performance of these primers for the amplification of whole foraminiferal communities, and compare their performance to that of the highly degenerate LerayXT primers, which amplify the same COI region in a wide range of eukaryotes. We applied metabarcoding to 48 samples taken along three transects spanning a North Sea beach in the Netherlands from dunes to the low tide level, and analysed both sediment samples and meiofauna samples, which contained taxa between 42 µm and 1 mm in body size obtained by decantation from sand samples. We used single-cell metabarcoding (Girard et al., 2022) to generate a COI reference library containing 32 species of Foraminifera, and used this to taxonomically annotate our community metabarcoding data. Our analyses show that the highly degenerate LerayXT primers do not amplify Foraminifera, while the Foraminifera primers are highly Foraminifera- specific, with about 90% of reads assigned to Foraminifera and amplifying taxa from all major groups, i.e., monothalamids, Globothalamea, and Tubothalamea. We identified 176 Foraminifera ASVs and found a change in Foraminifera community composition along the beach transects from high tide to low tide level, and a dominance of single-chambered monothalamid Foraminifera. Our results highlight that COI metabarcoding can be a powerful tool for assessing Foraminiferal communities.
Breeding improvement of fennel genotypes of different origins (Foeniculum vulgare L.) using morphological and yield parameters
Authors:   Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Turkey, Çamlıca Mahmut , Yaldiz Gülsüm ,   Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Turkey
Published: September 2022

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) is a reputed spice plant and is used as an industrial medicinal plant due to its pharmaceutical and food applications, exhibiting a wide array of genetic variations depending on morphological and yield properties. Along with the current study, thirty-two different fennel genotypes and five local genotypes from Turkey were used to determine the morphological and yield properties in 2017 and 2018. A wide range of variation in plant height (39.22-129.60 cm), 1000 fruit yield (1.92-7.70 g), and fruit yield (0.12-8.68 g) was observed. As deduced from previous reports and from the current findings of the study, those relevant parameters could be considered for breeding purposes. To visualize or clarify the findings, a dendrogram was constructed to reveal the genetic variability regarding the morphological and yield properties of fennel genotypes. The dendrogram revealed that genotypes of different origins occurred in different groups, but local genotypes collected from Turkey occurred in the same group and subgroup. Additionally, correlation analysis was carried out to reveal the relationships between the relevant agronomic parameters. Of those correlation coefficients, a high correlation coefficient was noted between the number of fruits and fruit yield (r=0.849). Overall, the findings of the study revealed notable genetic variation related to fruit yield and other relevant agronomic traits for fennel genotypes, suggesting that this remarkable variation might be used for selecting superior genotypes in breeding programs. Of the genotypes analyzed, Ames30289 was the best genotype due to the highest fruit yield according to two successive years. Consequently, the findings can be considered useful information for fennel breeders, researchers and farmers in Turkey or other countries.
Quantification of Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein in Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shukla Mayuri , Kunder Mamatha , Kamarthy Prabhakar , Balakrishna Sharath
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the common liver disease characterised by fat accumulation in hepatocytes. NAFLD is a broad spectrum of simple steatosis, Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Triglycerides (TG) are exported in the form of Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDL are formed by incorporation of TG into apo-B by Microsomal Triglyceride transfer Protein (MTP). Therefore, MTP is a key protein for lipid transport. Estimation of MTP protein levels and its correlation with simple steatosis and steatohepatitis can be helpful in understanding its role in NAFLD progression. Aim: To estimate the serum levels of MTP in simple steatosis and steatohepatitis and also to check its correlation with TG and VLDL in NAFLD patients with and without co-morbidities. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India, between November 2019 to January 2021. Study participants included 60 NAFLD subjects which were divided into simple steatosis (group 1, n=10) and steatohepatitis (group 2, n=50). These subjects were further subdivided into cases with co-morbidities and cases without co-morbidities. Serum levels of MTP, high sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hsCRP), Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), liver enzymes, lipid profile were assessed. Statistical analysis was done by using unpaired Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation. Results: The mean age was 46.5 years in steatosis group and 48.85 years in steatohepatitis group. In steatosis group, there were 5 (50%) males and 5 (50%) females, whereas in steatohepatitis group 32 (64%) were females and 18 (36%) were males. The serum levels of MTP were significantly decreased in simple steatosis cases with co-morbidities as compared to cases without co-morbidities (p=0.006). A significant negative correlation was observed between MTP v/s TG and MTP v/s VLDL (r=-0.665, p=0.036) in simple steatosis cases with and without co-morbidities. Same trend was observed in steatohepatitis cases but the correlation was insignificant (r=-0.08, p=0.563). Conclusion: The serum levels of MTP decreases as the NAFLD progresses. A significant decrease in serum levels of MTP was also observed in cases with co-morbidities as compared to cases without co-morbidities. Serum levels of MTP showed negative correlation with TG and VLDL in simple steatosis cases.
Analysis of Conjunctival Bacterial Flora among Patients Undergoing Multiple Intravitreal Injections for Diabetic Macular Oedema: A Cohort Study
Authors: Kamisetty Roopashree , Rudresh SM
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Intravitreal Injections (IVI) are frequently used for the treatment of Diabetic Macular Oedema (DME). Serial IVI in these patients along with topical antibiotics as prophylaxis for infection has raised concern about the probable detrimental effect on conjunctival flora. However, the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis is higher in diabetics, especially with poor glycaemic control or in the presence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) owing to poor immunity. Hence, preoperative conjunctival microbial growth has been studied in these patients to understand the need for antibiotic prophylaxis. Aim: To evaluate the preoperative conjunctival microbiological profile in diabetic patients treated with serial IVI (minimum of three) for DME and its association to their glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and the presence of associated CKD. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at ESIC Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, in May 2021. Total 92 eyes of 79 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had received a minimum of three serial IVI of antiVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) injections for DME between May 2018 and January 2020 were included in the study. Conjunctival swabs for culture were taken from each eye before the injection and were evaluated for microbial growth. The association between microbial growth and HbA1c levels and/or CKD was analysed statistically using the Chi-square test. Results: The conjunctival cultures taken before IVI, were positive in 29.3% (27 of 92 eyes). Among them, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CONS) bacteria were isolated in 15 of 27 eyes (55.5%) followed by Micrococci in 10 eyes (37%) and Diphtheroids in two eyes (7.4%). The average HbA1c among the eyes with positive growth was 7.23±1.31 as compared to 6.64±1.08 in eyes with no growth (p-value=0.1). There was a statistically significant association of culture positivity in patients with CKD and having HbA1c ≥7% (p-value=0.01) with CONS being the most common organism. Conclusion: A statistically significant association of conjunctival swab culture positivity in type 2 diabetics with DME requiring multiple IVI having uncontrolled diabetes HbA1c ≥7% and the presence of CKD was observed in the present study. Hence, the routine use of topical antibiotics as infection prophylaxis may be recommended in these patients as an additional precaution against endophthalmitis.
A Comprehensive Stability Study of Glucose Concentrations Measured in Sodium Fluoride, Heparin and Serum Separator Tubes: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Modi Mansi , Nandi Kajal , Jain Vineet , Chandra Kailash
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Sodium fluoride mixed vacutainers were once viewed as the gold standard tubes for glucose analysis. However, their ineffectiveness in inhibiting glycolysis, especially in the first one to four hours has been reported in several studies. The accurate blood glucose estimation is crucial for the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Aim: To find out a cost effective and feasible alternative blood collection vacutainer for the estimation of accurate blood glucose. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Blood Collection Centre of HAH Centenary Hospital, New Delhi, India, from December 2019 to July 2020. A blood sample was collected from 155 subjects in each-sodium fluoride [Na2EDTA], heparin [sodium heparin] and Serum Separator Tube (SST). To find out the glucose reduction during blood coagulation in SST tubes, the glucose levels (n=25) of sodium fluoride (plasma) at 0 hr and 30 mins after coagulation in SST tubes were compared. The remaining study subjects (n=130) were categorised into two groups (65 subjects in each group) and assessed for the reduction of glucose at 4°C and 25°C. Further, the reduction of glucose was also studied in both the groups as per glucose concentrations <100 mg/dL (n=25), 100-200 mg/dL (n=25) and >200 mg/dL (n=15) in each group. Results: The inter assay coefficient of variation of quality control samples of glucose (n=61) was 3.0%. The highest percentage of glucose reduction was found in the green vacutainers (p<0.05) at 4°C and 25°C storage temperatures. There was no significant reduction of glucose level in SST vacutainers at 4°C up to 96 hrs of analysis (p>0.05) and the result was comparable to grey vacutainers. Further, there was no haemolysis in the SST vacutainers up to 96 hrs of analysis, however, green and grey vacutainers showed enormous haemolysis. Conclusion: The glucose analysis in SST vacutainers can reduce the loss of sample, cost of analysis, and interferences in the analysis due to haemolysis. The study strongly suggests that all the analytical laboratories should do glucose analysis in SST vacutainers.
Histomorphological Spectrum of Endometrial Tissue in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Brahmaiah Jyoti , Kuppareddy Lalitha Sree , Papireddygari Vijay Kumar , Begum CR Sirajunnisa
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is a very common presenting complaint in patients visiting the gynaecologists all over the world. Though common, AUB can cause tremendous physical as well as emotional distress to the patient. Aim: To study the histomorphological pattern of endometrium in patients with AUB. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective study conducted during a six month period from October 2021 to March 2022 in the Department of Pathology at Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India, on 210 endometrial tissue samples of women who presented with AUB. Specimens that were received during a one year period between March 2019 and February 2020 were processed routinely and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Detailed microscopic evaluation was done and eleven different histopathological diagnoses were made. The data collected was entered into Microsoft Excel sheet and percentages were analysed manually. Results: Maximum number of cases of AUB were seen in the 41-50 years age group. The most common histopathological pattern in this study was proliferative phase seen in 67 cases (31.90%) followed by endometrial hyperplasia which was seen in 42 cases (20.00%). The other important patterns included pregnancy related complications, 32 (15.24%), secretory phase, 24 (11.43%), disordered proliferative endometrium, 14 (6.67%), chronic endometritis 11 (5.24%) and hormonal/pill endometrium, 8 (3.81%). Endometrial malignancy was diagnosed only in one case (0.48%). Conclusion: A wide variety of histopathological patterns were found in endometrial samples in AUB across different age groups. Histopathological examination of endometrium is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of AUB.
Evaluation of Natural Pigments Extracted from Tomato Wastes and the Possibility of their Encapsulation
Authors: Gomaa M. A.
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the best methods from extracting natural pigments from tomato fruit wastes by four techniques used to extract lycopene and β-carotene each of them consisting of three solvents: ethanol, acetone and hexane in the following ratios (1:1:1), (2:1:1), (1:2:1) and (1:1:2) ml respectively. We studied too the possibility of encapsulation by freeze drying with a mixture of gelatin and gum Arabic as a carrier in nine microcapsules differing with respect to the total encapsulant (E) (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%) and core (C) concentrations, the latter varying in relation to the total weight of encapsulant (25, 50, and 75%). The nine microcapsules were coded as follows: (1) E2.5/C25; (2) E2.5/C50; (3) E2.5/C75; (4) E5.0/C25; (5) E5.0/C50; (6) E5.0/C75; (7) E7.5/C25; (8) E7.5/C50; and (9) E7.5/C75. We found that the best solvent mixture for the extraction process was 1:1:2, and the most efficient microcapsules were E5.0/C75, E5.0/C50 and E2.5/C25. By studying the stability of the best three microcapsules when exposed to different values of heat, light, oxygen and pH, it was found that the most stable of them was E5.0/C75, followed by E5.0/C50 and then E2.5/C25. It was therefore recommended that further future studies are needed to evaluate the potential of this microcapsule as a natural additive in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Effect of Nano-nutrient on Growth Attributes, Yield, Zn Content, and Uptake in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Singh Bal Veer , Singh Shakti , Verma Shikhar , Yadav Sachin Kumar , Mishra Jyotiprakash , Mohapatra Sweekruta , Gupta Satya Praksh
Published: September 2022

Considering the food and nutritional security concerns, and post green revolution second generation problems i.e. increasing input use with declining efficiency trends, deteriorating soil health, depleting water resources, pollution, and narrowing profits at the end of farmers, an investigation was carried out on Wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop during 2019-20 at the crop research centre of SVPUA & T, Meerut (U.P.) to overcome these problems. Novel nutrient sources and their modes of applications with 14 treatments consisting of control, basal applications of recommended 100% NPK (150:60:40), 75% NPK (112.5:45:30) + water spray + nano N (4 ml l-1) + bio nano P (40 ml l-1) + bio nano K (40 ml l-1) + bio nano Zn (10 ml l-1) in various combinations were attempted on wheat variety DBW17 in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results of the study revealed that wheat grown with 75% NPK + nano nutrients (N + P + K + Zn) attainted significantly better growth as reflected by taller plants (91.7 cm), more no. of tillers m-1 row length (61.8), and higher dry matter accumulation m-1 row length (239.2), recorded at harvest with grain yield of (52.4 q ha-1). The crop contained 53.2 ppm Zn in grain and 31.8 ppm Zn in straw. Applications of nano nutrients – N, P, K, Zn and N +P + K + Zn +75% NPK worked synergistically and increased grain yields by 17.9, 15.7 14.5, 16.5 and 26.9% over 100% NPK. Thus, the wheat crop grown with the application of Nano-N + 75% NPK followed Nano-Zn + 75% NPK by had attained better growth (plant height, no. of the tiller, dry matter accumulation, yield (grain), nutrient content, and nutrient uptake.
Field Evaluation of Selected Insecticides and Botanical against Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) on Mustard, Brassica juncea L.
Authors: Raju Chichadi Eswara Praveen , Tayde Anoorag R.
Published: September 2022

A field trial was conducted at Central Research Farm [CRF], SHUATS, Naini, Prayagraj during the Rabi season. Six treatments were evaluated against Lipaphis erysimi. i.e. Fipronil 5% SC @ 0.5ml/lit, Difenthurion 50% WP @ 0.20g/lit, Profenophos 50% EC @ 1ml/lit, Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.25g/lit, Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.5ml/lit and NSKE 5% @ 5ml/lit were evaluated against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi. Results revealed that, among the different treatments, the lowest population of mustard aphid was recorded in Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (22.82). Thiamethoxam 25% WG (33.63) was found to be the next best treatment followed by Difenthurion 50% WP (47.18), Fipronil 5% SC (54.15), and Profenophos 50% EC (60.12), whereas NSKE 5% (80.23) was found to be the least effective against this pest. The plot treated with the highest yield Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (24.6 q/ha) followed by Thiamethoxam 25% WG (21.8 q/ha), Difenthurion 50% WP (18.2 q/ha), Fipronil 5% SC (16.4 q/ha), Profenophos 50% EC (14.3 q/ha) and NSKE 5% (13.5 q/ha) as compared to the control plot (9.2 q/ha).Among the treatments, the best and most economical treatment was Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (1:7.24) followed by Thiamethoxam 25% WG (1:6.43), Difenthurion 50% WP (1:5.24), Fipronil 5% SC (1:4.64), Profenophos 50% EC (1:3.94) and NSKE 5% (1:3.90) as compared to control plot (1:2.83).
Estimation of Correlation and Path Analysis for Quantitative Traits in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp).
Authors: Tirkey Milka , Lal Gaiberial M. , Anand Shiny Phebe
Published: September 2022

The experiment included 20 cowpea genotypes with three replications in a Randomized Block Design. The study was carried out to estimate the genetic variability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient analysis and yield contributing traits, direct and indirect effects of yield component on yield through path analysis. The analysis of variance revealed the existence of all the traits, hence the data on all the 17 traits which showed significant differences among the entries were subjected to further statistical analysis. Maximum Genotypic coefficient of variation and Phenotypic coefficient of variation for biological yield and harvest index were recorded. At the phenotypic and genotypic levels, seed yield per plant had a high positive significant connection with Peduncle length, Number of secondary branches, Number of seeds per pod, Number of pods per plant, Biological yield, and Harvest index. Days to 50% flowering, Number of secondary branches, Number of seeds per pod, Number of pods per plant, 100 - seed weight had a significant positive effect on seed yield per plant at both the phenotypic and genotypic levels. Genotypes IC 259106, EC 58905, IC 202797, KASHI KANCHAN, IC 202803 and IC 10854 were found to be superior for seed yield per plant.
Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Mesleki Tutumları: Öğretmen ve Psikolojik Danışman Formları
Authors: DURU Erdinc , KALKAN Ömür Kaya , TÜRKDOĞAN Turgut , YILDIRIM Özen , BALKIS Murat , ARICIOĞLU Ahu
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğretmen ve psikolojik danışman adaylarının mesleğe yönelik tutumlarını ölçmeyi amaçlayan, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Bu kapsamda farklı katılımcı grupları üzerinde bir dizi çalışma yapılmıştır. Ölçeklerin yapı geçerliğini test etmek için yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları her iki ölçeğin de üç boyutlu yapısını destekler niteliktedir. Benzer ölçekler geçerliği çalışması analizleri de ölçeklerin yapısına yönelik psikometrik destek sağlamıştır. Güvenirlik çalışmaları kapsamında yapılan analizler, ölçeklerin ve alt boyutlarının iç tutarlılık katsayılarının yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Test-tekrar test analizi sonuçları, ölçeklerin ölçtüğü davranış alanına ilişkin zaman içinde kararlılık gösterdiğini destekler niteliktedir. Sonuç olarak, geliştirilen Pamukkale Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği ve Pamukkale Psikolojik Danışmanlık Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’nin eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin mesleğe yönelik tutumlarını ölçmede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir ölçme araçları olduğu söylenebilir. Bulgular alan yazını ışığında tartışılmış ve bazı öneriler verilmiştir.
Theater for Vaccine Hesitancy—Setting the Stage for Difficult Conversations
Authors: Cullen John P. , Russ Savanah , Russell Holly Ann
Published: September 2022

This Arts and Medicine feature describes use of improvisational theater techniques to train health care workers to have persuasive and respectful conversations with vaccine-hesitant patients about accepting COVID-19 vaccination.
PSMB5 overexpression is correlated with tumor proliferation and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jun , Mi Jinglin , Liu Shiqian , Chen Haiqiang , Jiang Li
Published: September 2022

Aberrant expression of members of the proteasome subunit beta (PSMB) family (including PSMB2, PSMB4, PSMB7 and PSMB8) has been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However the role of PSMB5 in HCC is unclear. To address this issue, we examined the expression of PSMB5 in HCC tissues using the The Cancer Genome Atlas, International Cancer Genome Consortium and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. A quantitative real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate the expression of PSMB5 in HCC. The survival mutation status and immune cell infiltration of PSMB5 were also evaluated in HCC. We then examined the effect of knocking down PSMB5 expression through RNA interference in the HCC cell line Huh7. High expression of PSMB5 was observed in HCC tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. PSMB5 expression and clinical characteristics were then incorporated to build a prognostic nomogram. We observed that PSMB5 expression was closely related to the abundance of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cell macrophages and neutrophils. Moreover silencing of PSMB5 in Huh7 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration at the same time as increasing apoptosis. Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway was observed after PSMB5 downregulation in Huh7 cells. Our findings suggest that PSMB5 may promote the proliferation of HCC cells by inactivating the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway and thus PSMB5 may have potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
Novel multi jet fusion 3D‐printed patient immobilization for radiation therapy
Authors: Robar James L. , Kammerzell Barret , Hulick Kevin , Kaiser Pierre , Young Calvin , Verzwyvelt Vanessa , Cheng Xin , Shepherd Matthew , Orbovic Radojka , Fedullo Sara , Majcher Christopher , DiMarco Stephen , Stasiak James
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Thermoplastic immobilizers are used routinely in radiation therapy to achieve positioning accuracy. These devices are variable in quality as they are dependent on the skill of the human fabricator. We examine the potential multi jet fusion (MJF) 3D printing for the production immobilizers with a focus on the surface dosimetry of several MJF‐printed PA12‐based material candidates. Materials are compared with the goal of minimizing surface dose with comparison to standard thermoplastic. We introduce a novel metamaterial design for the shell of the immobilizer, with the aims of mechanical robustness and low‐dose buildup. We demonstrate first examples of adult and pediatric cranial and head‐and‐neck immobilizers.

Methods

Three different PA12 materials were examined and compared to fused deposition modeling–printed polylactic acid (PLA), PLA with density lowered by adding hollow glass microspheres, and to perforated or perforated/stretched and solid status quo thermoplastic samples. Build‐up dose measurements were made using a parallel plate chamber. A metamaterial design was established based on a packed hexagonal geometry. Radiochromic film dosimetry was performed to determine the dependence of surface dose on the metamaterial design. Full cranial and head‐and‐neck prototype immobilizers were designed, printed, and assessed with regard to dimensional accuracy.

Results

Build‐up dose measurements demonstrated the superiority of the PA12 material with a light fusing agent, which yielded a ∼15% dose reduction compared to other MJF materials. Metamaterial samples provided dose reductions ranging from 11% to 40% compared to stretched thermoplastic. MJF‐printed immobilizers were produced reliably, demonstrated the versatility of digital design, and showed dimensional accuracy with 97% of sampled points within ±2 mm.

Conclusions

MJF is a promising technology for an automated fabrication of patient immobilizers. Material selection and metamaterial design can be leveraged to yield surface dose reduction of up to 40%. Immobilizer design is highly customizable, and the first examples of MJF‐printed immobilizers demonstrate excellent dimensional accuracy.
Scalable‐Manufactured Plasmonic Metamaterial with Omnidirectional Absorption Bandwidth across Visible to Far‐Infrared
Authors: Li Yang , Huang Zhequn , Xu Yafen , Zhang Heng , Wang Qixiang , Qiao Huaxu , Shang Wen , Deng Tao , Cui Kehang
Published: September 2022

Broadband, omnidirectional light absorption in the infrared range is critical for emerging aerospace and ground applications, such as machine vision, autonomous vehicle technology, and aerospace telescope. Broadband absorbers (BBAs) need to possess strong absorption through thin structures for high signal‐to‐noise ratios, as well as manufacturing scalability and service reliability in harsh environment for practical applications. Such requirements rule out many known absorbing materials such as carbon nanotubes that are intrinsically lossy and fragile. Achieving strong light‐matter interaction in the mid‐ and long‐wavelength infrared ranges has been extremely challenging despite long‐standing research efforts. Here, an aerospace‐grade, ≈2.0 µm‐thick hierarchical coral‐structured titanium nitride (coral‐TiN) plasmonic metamaterial is experimentally realized with over 90% omnidirectional absorption across the visible to the long‐wavelength infrared range (0.25–25 µm) using a scalable fabrication method. The broadband optical control of the coral‐TiN BBA is achieved by the superposition of the hybridized plasmonic mode in the visible and near‐infrared, the cavity mode in the short‐wavelength infrared as well as the propagating surface plasmon polariton mode in the mid‐ and long‐wavelength infrared. With conformal alumina coating, the plasmonic absorber demonstrates outstanding reliability in rigorous aerospace‐grade tests under harsh mechanical and thermal environmental conditions.
3D Bioprinted Patient‐Specific Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Defects
Authors: Behre Anne , Tashman Joshua W. , Dikyol Caner , Shiwarski Daniel J. , Crum Raphael J. , Johnson Scott A. , Kommeri Remya , Hussey George S. , Badylak Stephen F. , Feinberg Adam W.
Published: September 2022

Soft tissue injuries such as volumetric muscle loss (VML) are often too large to heal normally on their own, resulting in scar formation and functional deficits. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds placed into these wounds have shown the ability to modulate the immune response and drive constructive healing. This provides a potential solution for functional tissue regeneration, however, these acellular dECM scaffolds are challenging to fabricate into complex geometries. 3D bioprinting is uniquely positioned to address this, being able to create patient‐specific scaffolds based on clinical 3D imaging data. Here, a process to use freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) 3D bioprinting and computed tomography (CT) imaging to build large volume, patient‐specific dECM patches (≈12 × 8 × 2 cm) for implantation into canine VML wound models is developed. Quantitative analysis shows that these dECM patches are dimensionally accurate and conformally adapt to the surface of complex wounds. Finally, this approach is extended to a human VML injury to demonstrate the fabrication of clinically relevant dECM scaffolds with precise control over fiber alignment and micro‐architecture. Together these advancements represent a step towards an improved, clinically translatable, patient‐specific treatment for soft tissue defects from trauma, tumor resection, and other surgical procedures.
Recent Progress in Developing a LiOH‐Based Reversible Nonaqueous Lithium–Air Battery
Authors: Gao Zongyan , Temprano Israel , Lei Jiang , Tang Linbin , Li Junjian , Grey Clare P. , Liu Tao
Published: September 2022

The realization of practical nonaqueous lithium–air batteries (LABs) calls for novel strategies to address their numerous theoretical and technical challenges. LiOH formation/decomposition has recently been proposed as a promising alternative route to cycling LABs via Li2O2. Herein, the progress in developing LiOH‐based nonaqueous LABs is reviewed. Various catalytic systems, either soluble or solid‐state, that can activate a LiOH‐based electrochemistry are compared in detail, with emphasis in providing an updated understanding of the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions in nonaqueous media. We identify the key factors that can switch the cell chemistry between Li2O2 and LiOH and highlight the debate around these routes, as well as rationalize potential causes for these opposing opinions. The identities of the reaction intermediates, activity of redox mediators and additives, location of reaction interfaces, causes of parasitic reactions, as well as the effect of CO2 on the LiOH electrochemistry, all play a critical role in altering the relative rates of a series of interconnected reactions and all warrant further investigation.
Thermoformable Boron Nitride Based All‐Ceramics
Authors: Bice Jason E. , St. Germain Echo , Wohlever Samuel J. , Goddard Grace , Erb Randall M.
Published: September 2022

Thermoforming processing, traditionally reserved for thermoplastic polymers and sheet metals, is extended here to boron‐based all‐ceramics. Specifically, sintered boron nitride composite sheets manufactured via a combined vibration and tape‐casting photopolymerization process exhibit a highly oriented microstructure that allows these preform sheets to flow as viscous Bingham pseudoplastics during compression molding. These sintered all‐ceramic preforms are thermoformed into thin, complex parts with features down to 200 µm. Further, a new workflow is leveraged to generate bespoke all‐ceramic heat spreaders that can be press‐fit onto printed circuit boards and outperform metal heat sinks as a low‐profile thermal management solution. This work offers a route for other all‐ceramics that may be thermoformed through first fabricating pre‐forms with highly‐ordered anisotropic microstructures.
Universal Metasurfaces for Complete Linear Control of Coherent Light Transmission
Authors: Chang Taeyong , Jung Joonkyo , Nam Sang‐Hyeon , Kim Hyeonhee , Kim Jong Uk , Kim Nayoung , Jeon Suwan , Heo Minsung , Shin Jonghwa
Published: September 2022

Recent advances in metasurfaces and optical nanostructures have enabled complex control of incident light with optically thin devices. However, it has thus far been unclear whether it is possible to achieve complete linear control of coherent light transmission, that is, independent control of polarization, amplitude, and phase for both input polarization states, with just a single, thin nanostructure array. Here, it is proved possible, and a universal metasurface is proposed, a bilayer array of high‐index elliptic cylinders that possesses a complete degree of optical freedom with fully designable chirality and anisotropy. The completeness of achievable light control is mathematically shown with corresponding Jones matrices, new types of 3D holographic schemes that were formerly impossible are experimentally demonstrated, and a systematic way of realizing any input‐state‐sensitive vector linear optical device is presented. The results unlock previously inaccessible degrees of freedom in light transmission control.
Role of Interfaces in Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Miao Xiang , Guan Shundong , Ma Cheng , Li Liangliang , Nan Ce‐Wen
Published: September 2022

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next‐generation energy‐storage technology, because they simultaneously exhibit high safety, high energy density, and wide operating temperature range. The replacement of liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes produces numerous solid–solid interfaces within the SSBs. A thorough understanding on the roles of these interfaces is indispensable for the rational performance optimization. In this review, the interface issues in the SSBs, including internal buried interfaces within solid electrolytes and composite electrodes, and planar interfaces between electrodes and solid electrolyte separators or current collectors are discussed. The challenges and future directions on the investigation and optimization of these solid–solid interfaces for the production of the SSBs are also assessed.
Nature‐Inspired Design of Molybdenum–Selenium Dual‐Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Sun Kaian , Yu Ke , Fang Jinjie , Zhuang Zewen , Tan Xin , Wu Yue , Zeng Lingyou , Zhuang Zhongbin , Pan Yuan , Chen Chen
Published: September 2022

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) is becoming an increasingly important technology for achieving carbon neutrality. Inspired by the structure of naturally occurring Mo‐dependent enzymes capable of activating CO2, a heteronuclear Mo–Se dual‐single‐atom electrocatalyst (MoSA–SeSA) for ECR into CO with a Faradaic efficiency of above 90% over a broad potential window from −0.4 to −1.0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode is demonstrated here. Both operando characterization and theoretical simulation results verify that MoSA acts as central atoms that directly interact with the ECR feedstock and intermediates, whereas the SeSA adjacent to MoSA modulates the electronic structure of MoSA through long‐range electron delocalization for inhibiting MoSA poisoning caused by strong CO adsorption. In addition, the SeSAs far from MoSA help suppress the competing hydrogen evolution side reaction and accelerate the CO2 transport by repelling H2O. This work provides new insight into the precise regulation and in‐depth understanding of multisite synergistic catalysis at the atomic scale.
Boron‐Based Narrowband Multiresonance Delayed Fluorescent Emitters for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Konidena Rajendra Kumar , Naveen Kenkera Rayappa
Published: September 2022

Recently, the exploration of boron (B)/heteroatom‐embedded polycyclic nanographites featuring multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) garners astonishing attention to promote the advancement of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Contrary to the traditional donor–acceptor (D–A)‐type TADF emitters, the MR‐TADF emitters manifest narrowband emission with full width at half maximum (FWHM ≤ 40 nm) and superior photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) coupled with the small singlet–triplet energy splitting, which appeal their potential as promising candidates in fabricating efficient OLEDs. Growingly, MR‐TADF emitters deliver benchmark device performance comparable to the conventional TADF/phosphorescent emitters. However, they are suffering from the major drawbacks such as difficult to realize full‐color emitters, slow exciton upconversion dynamics, aggregation‐caused emission quenching, severe efficiency roll‐off, and poor operational lifetime, which jeopardizes their practical applicability. Herein, a comprehensive review on B‐based MR‐TADF emitters reported till date is presented, focusing on the different design strategies documented for circumventing the aforementioned shortcomings. This review is divided into several subgroups based on the emission color of the materials to draw the attention of organic electronics community toward constructing efficient full‐color MR‐OLEDs. Finally, challenges and opportunities in the MR‐TADF emitters are discussed.
High Efficiency Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Caiazzo Alessandro , Janssen René A. J.
Published: September 2022

Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) are promising candidates for stable and efficient solar cells. Even though photovoltaic devices based on these materials are still lagging behind traditional 3D perovskites, they have experienced a dramatic increase in power‐conversion efficiency, recently reaching >20%. As knowledge develops, the toolbox of RPP researchers is steadily growing in terms of organic spacers, additives, and characterization methods. This review aims to describe the use of such a toolbox to achieve high efficiency solar cells. The use of additives, functionalized spacers, and novel fabrication techniques are explored to control morphology, crystallinity, interlayer interaction, and phase distribution. Moreover, methods to achieve the coveted phase purity in RPPs and its implications on both single‐ and multi‐junction solar cells are discussed. By describing successful cases of high efficiency solar cells combined with in‐depth knowledge of material properties, it is shown that there are still several open research questions that need exploring to further develop this fascinating class of perovskites.
Harvest frequency and harvest timing following a freeze event effects on yield and composition of switchgrass
Authors: Rivera‐Chacon Raul , Castillo Miguel S. , Gannon Travis W. , Bekewe Perejitei E.
Published: September 2022

Constant supply of biomass from the field is limited by the seasonality of production of warm‐season grasses in the transition U.S. region. Delaying harvest after occurrence of freeze may be an alternative to extend the biomass supply period of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in North Carolina. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of harvest frequency (HF) and harvest timing at the end of the growing season (HT) on switchgrass biomass yield, nutrient (N, P, and K) removal, and dry matter (DM) and ash concentrations. Treatments were the factorial combination of two HF (clipped once [1X] or twice [2X] per season) and three HT (before freeze in October, after first freeze in November, and late winter in February). Delaying harvest after occurrence of freeze did not affect total annual biomass yield for the 2X treatment (average of 15.5 Mg ha−1), whereas for 1X yield declined from 14.4 to 10.1 Mg ha−1 when harvest was delayed from October to February. Ash concentration declined from 29 g kg−1 in October to 14 g kg−1 in February. The DM concentration level reached in February was lowest (893 g kg−1) and it would be considered safe for storage of biomass. Nutrient removal was consistently greater for 2X than 1X (ranging from 43 to 137, 3.6 to 25.1, and 54 to 213 kg ha−1 for N, P, K, respectively). Delaying harvest of switchgrass after a freeze event is feasible when clipping twice a year to extend the window of biomass supply.
Silberfreie C−H‐Aktivierung: Strategische Ansätze zur Erschließung des vollen Potenzials von C−H‐Aktivierungen in der nachhaltigen organischen Synthese
Authors: Mondal Arup , van Gemmeren Manuel
Published: September 2022

Die Aktivierung von C–H‐Bindungen gilt als eine der attraktivsten Methoden in der organischen Synthesechemie, da sie das Potenzial hat, Synthesewege zu verkürzen und eine gegenüber herkömmlichen Synthesestrategien komplementäre Produktpalette zu erzeugen. Bei vielen aktuellen Methoden werden jedoch Silbersalze als Additive eingesetzt, was zu stöchiometrischem Metallabfall führt und so verhindert, dass das volle Potenzial der C−H‐Aktivierung ausgeschöpft werden kann. Daher erhält die Entwicklung von silberfreien Protokollen in letzter Zeit immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit. Mechanistisch kann Silber bei der C−H‐Aktivierung verschiedene Funktionen erfüllen, sodass die Vermeidung des Einsatzes von Silber unterschiedliche Ansätze erfordert, je nachdem, welche Funktion es in einem bestimmten Prozess erfüllt. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein Vergleich von silberbasierten und ‐freien Methoden vorgestellt. Wir konzentrieren uns auf die strategischen Ansätze zur Entwicklung einer silberfreien C−H‐Aktivierung und statten den Leser mit dem nötigen Grundwissen aus, um nachhaltige Methoden für die C−H‐Aktivierung zu entwickeln.