bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mamíferos del departamento del Atlántico, Colombia
Authors: Avendaño-Maldonado Luis José , Camargo-Alarcón Miguel Ángel , Borja-Acuña Rafael , Chacó-Pacheco Julio J.
Published: July 2021

Presentamos el primer listado taxonómico de los mamíferos silvestres del departamento del Atlántico, en la costa Caribe de Colombia. Registramos 92 especies, distribuidas en 11 órdenes, 37 familias y 74 géneros, lo cual representa el 16.5 % de la mastofauna documentada para Colombia. Encontramos tres especies endémicas de Colombia, Cebus versicolor, Saguinus oedipus y Pattonomys semivillosus, 10 especies en alguna categoría nacional de amenaza, 13 especies en alguna catrgoría global y cuatro categorizadas como Datos Insuficientes. La riqueza de mamíferos es baja, comparada con la de otros departamentos del país, pero podría estar subestimada, debido al bajo esfuerzo de muestreo y la falta de exploración en diversas áreas del departamento.
Mamíferos (Mammalia) de San José del Guaviare, Colombia
Authors: López Arévalo Hugo Fernando , Morales-Martínez Darwin Manuel , Mora-Beltrán Catherine , Calderón-Capote María C. , Cárdenas-González Catalina , Atuesta-Dimian Natalia , Melo Marco J. , Ramírez Wilmer
Published: July 2021

Presentamos los resultados obtenidos durante cuatro años de muestreo de mamíferos en diferentes coberturas vegetales del municipio de San José del Guaviare, Guaviare, Colombia. Entre los años 2012 y 2017 recolectamos información de la diversidad de mamíferos a través del muestreo con redes de niebla, trampas para pequeños y medianos mamíferos, cámaras trampa, observaciones directas, entrevistas e información secundaria. Reportamos 121 especies de mamíferos nativos para el municipio. Registramos una completitud del muestreo de 64 % para murciélagos, 60 % para pequeños mamíferos no voladores y de 100 % para medianos y grandes mamíferos. Destacamos dos novedades geográficas para los marsupiales Marmosa waterhousei y Glironia venusta, y seis novedades en los murciélagos Lonchorhina marinkellei, Phyllostomus latifolius, Glyphonycteris sylvestris, Glyphonycteris daviesi, Glossophaga commissarisi y Myotis keaysi. La riqueza encontrada es comparable con otros inventarios a largo plazo de mamíferos neotropicales, y presenta la mayor diversidad de especies de murciélagos y primates reportados en Colombia. Sin embargo, es necesario seguir realizando muestreos intensivos, ya que la riqueza de grupos como pequeños mamíferos no voladores y murciélagos está aún subestimada.
Colección de reptiles no aves (Reptilia), Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. , Arias-Monsalve Héctor Fabio , Henao-Osorio José J. , Mejía-Fontecha Ingrith Y. , Usama Suárez Lina Alejandra , Ramírez Castaño Viviana Andrea , Rojas-Morales Julián A.
Published: July 2021

El conocimiento de los reptiles en Colombia es aún incompleto, aunque el país alberga una alta diversidad de este grupo. En los últimos años, las colecciones regionales han contribuido a llenar vacíos de información sobre la biogeografía, la variación intra e interespecífica y la sistemática de diversos grupos. Presentamos aquí la información de 613 registros depositados en la Colección de Reptiles del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Caldas. La mayoría de los registros (527) proceden del departamento de Caldas, pero se cuenta con registros de 15 departamentos más. El orden más representativo es Squamata (603 registros). La colección alberga 108 especímenes que han sido referenciados en 20 publicaciones nacionales y extranjeras.
Análisis de la relación entre gobernanza, conflictos socioecológicos y conservación de la biodiversidad en la alta montaña
Authors: Osejo Alejandra , Góngora María Kamila , Garrido Ana María , Martínez Santiago , Cajigas Juan Camilo , Lara Diana , Bernal Sabina , Piratova Michael
Published: July 2021

Durante el 2020, el trabajo de la línea de gobernanza se ha centrado en la identificación, espacialización y análisis de procesos de gobernanza en alta montaña relacionados con la conservación de la biodiversidad y con los conflictos socioambientales en estos territorios. Se identificaron 531 procesos y 1091 prácticas entorno a recursos de uso común que se centran principalmente en la constitución de áreas protegidas y estrategias complementarias de conservación, el cuidado de la naturaleza, la producción agroecológica, la transformación de alimentos y el comercio justo de productos de alta montaña. También se realizó un análisis detallado de relaciones de tres procesos de gobernanza relacionados con la ganadería en el páramo de Sumapaz, la constitución de una Reserva Natural de la Sociedad Civil Teusacá y la comercialización del agraz.
Disseminated Double-Hit Lymphoma in a Young Adult
Authors: Damian Karen , Cancio Jonathan Emmanuel
Published: July 2021

High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and-or BCL6 rearrangements, also called double-hit lymphoma, is an aggressive mature B-cell lymphoma that carries both MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocations.  This can present as a diagnostic challenge since clinical characteristics, morphology and immunophenotype are not accurate indicators of underlying genetic aberrations in this type of lymphoma.  We report a case of a 25-year-old male who presented with a one-year history of cough, gradually increasing abdominal girth and jaundice.  Definitive diagnosis was made post-mortem with additional ancillary studies using immunohistochemistry staining and  fluorescent in-situ hybridization studies.
Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression and its Association with Clinicopathologic Profile in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in a Philippine Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Sta. Ines Flora Mae , Andal Jose Jasper , Santiago Rex Michael , Sandoval Symonette , Ang Daphne
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The current management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes the characterization of Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression for potential immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. There is currently no available data regarding the patterns of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC, as well as their association with clinicopathologic profile in Filipino patients.     
Methodology. Clinicopathologic characteristics of 187 consecutive NSCLC clinical samples with PD-L1 testing using the clone 22C3 pharmaDx kit were collected. The presence of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TC) and stromal TILs were evaluated.     
Results. Of the 187 cases, there were 112 males and 75 females. The mean age at diagnosis was 66.4 years old (32-92 years old). It is composed of 131 cases of Adenocarcinoma, 15 Squamous cell carcinoma, 4 Adenosquamous carcinoma, 32 Non-small cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, 3 poorly differentiated malignancy, 1 Large cell carcinoma, and 1 Mucinous carcinoma. Specimen types included 17 pleural fluid cell blocks, 60 tumor cell block samples, and 110 tissue biopsies. Tumor cell PD-L1 expression was identified in 59.1% of the 110 tissue biopsies. PD-L1 TPS for histologic specimens are as follows: TPS >50%, TPS 1-49%, and TPS <1% were observed in 23.6%, 35.5%, and 40.9% in our lung cancer cohort, respectively. Of the 77 cytology specimens, 50.6% presented with TC PD-L1 expression. TPS for this subgroup include: 49.4% with no PD-L1 expression, 35.1% with low PD-L1 expression, and 15.6% showing high PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 expression on TC did not correlate with age, sex, or histology for both specimen type subgroups. Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were noted in 74.5% of tissue biopsies. Tumor cell block samples did not demonstrate stromal TILs. For tissue biopsies, female gender and TPS 1-49% were more likely to have <50% PD-L1 expression on TILs.
Conclusion. Overall TC PD-L1 expression was observed in more than half (55.6%) of NSCLC patients in our cohort. The prognostic value of PD-L1 and clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in the Filipino population needs to be further investigated.
Multi-level authentication protocol for enabling secure communication in IoT
Authors: Singh Khushal , Singh Nanhay
Published: July 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) is the domain of interest for the researchers at the present with the exponential growth in technology. Security in IoT is a prime factor, which highlights the need for authentication to tackle various attackers and hackers. Authentication is the process that uniquely identifies the incoming user and this paper develops an authentication protocol based on the chebyshev polynomial, hashing function, session password, and Encryption. The proposed authentication protocol is named as, proposed Elliptic, chebyshev, Session password, and Hash function (ECSH)-based multilevel authentication. For authenticating the incoming user, there are two phases, registration and authentication. In the registration phase, the user is registered with the server and Authentication center (AC), and the authentication follows, which is an eight-step criterion. The authentication is duly based on the scale factor of the user and server, session password, and verification messages. The authentication at the eight levels assures the security against various types of attacks and renders secure communication in IoT with minimal communication overhead and packet-loss. The performance of the method is analyzed using black-hole and Denial-of-service (DOS) attacks with 50 and 100 nodes in the simulation environment. The proposed ECSH-based multilevel authentication acquired the maximal detection rate, PDR, and QOS of 15.2%, 35.7895%, and 26.4623%, respectively in the presence of 50 nodes and DOS attacks, whereas the minimal delay of 135.922 ms is acquired in the presence of 100 nodes and DOS attacks.
Rapid Adaptive Evolution of Ophraella Communa in New Low Temperature Environment
Authors: Tian Zhenqi , Chen Guangmei , Zhang Yan , Ma Chao , Tian Zhenya , Gao Xuyuan , Chen Hongsong , Guo Jianying , Zhou Zhongshi
Published: July 2021

Low winter temperatures are a severe environmental pressure for newly arriving insect species. Adaptive evolutionary changes in cold tolerance facilitate establishment of these species in new environments. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a noxious invasive plant, is distributed from southern to northern China. As an effective biological control agent of A. artemisiifolia, Ophraella communa is mainly spread in southern China. Previously, O. communa successfully established stable populations in Beijing (39.98°N, 115.97°E) following introduction from Laibin (23.62°N, 109.37°E) in 2012. This means that O. communa has adapted the cold winter temperatures in Beijing. However, the mechanisms underlying its rapid evolution of cold tolerance remain unknown. We investigated the levels of cryoprotectants and energy reserves in adult O. communa from two latitudes. We found that higher levels of trehalose, proline, glycerol, total sugar, and lipid were accumulated in O. communa from high latitudes. We also identified five potential genes (Tret1a, Tret1b, Tret1-2, P5CS, and GST) responsible for regulating cold tolerance that were highly expressed in high latitudes. These genes were involved in trehalose transport, proline biosynthesis, and glutathione S-transferase activation. These changes in hybridization indicated facilitating adaptation to cold temperatures. Our results demonstrate the genetic basis underlying the rapid adaptation of cold tolerance in O. communa, which indicates its extension in regions of A. artemisiifolia distribution at higher latitudes. This implies that the specialist herbivores can often adapt to a new low temperature environment where their host plant exist by rapid genetic evolution.
Deep Learning Neural Network for CAP Modulation in Visible Light Communication System
Authors: V Prakash , Manimegalai C.T. , Kalimuthu K. , Gauni Sabitha
Published: July 2021

Visible light is considered one of the foremost exciting areas of communication science and industry, gaining prominence over data broadcast and radiance instantaneously using low-cost light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Though, the high speed characteristics of this network are restricted by the truncated bandwidth of the LED. Therefore, amazing efficient, advanced modulation and demodulation schemes are considered for establishing high data rates in VLC. Carrierless amplitude-phase (CAP) modulation is such an attractive and effective modulation that it is gaining a good position due to its high efficiency and practical implementation. But multi-path scattering factors, noise factors, vigorous jamming and low sensitivity can have a significant impact on the performance of CAP-VLC systems. To overcome this problem, this paper examines the implementation of the CAP-VLC system based on the High Speed Feed Forward Neural Network, which operates on the principle of Extreme Learning Machines. The experiment was carried out by new simulated datasets used to train cap demodulators and parameters such as accuracy, retrieval, accurate bit error ratio (BER), noise ratio (SNR). Also the proposed learning based CAP-VLC systems has shown better performance such as 92.4% accuracy at various conditions, increase in BER by 40% and 50% of reduction of noise respectively.
A photoacoustic patch for three-dimensional imaging of hemoglobin and core temperature
Authors: Gao Xiaoxiang , Chen Xiangjun , Hu Hongjie , Wang Xinyu , Mu Jing , Lou Zhiyuan , Zhang Ruiqi , Shi Keren , Yue Wentong , Chen Xue , Lin Muyang , Qi Baiyan , Zhou Sai , Lu Chengchangfeng , Gu Yue , Ding Hong , Zhu Yangzhi , Huang Hao , Ma Yuxiang , Li Mohan , Mishra Aditya , Xu Sheng
Published: July 2021

Electronic patches, based on various mechanisms, allow continuous and noninvasive monitoring of biomolecules on the skin surface. However, to date, such devices have been unable to sense biomolecules in deep tissues, which have a stronger and faster correlation with the human physiological status. Here, we demonstrate a photoacoustic patch for three-dimensional (3D) mapping of hemoglobin in deep tissues. This photoacoustic patch integrates an array of ultrasonic transducers and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes on a common soft substrate. The high-power VCSEL diodes can generate laser pulses that penetrate >2 cm into human tissues and activate hemoglobin molecules to generate acoustic waves, which can be collected by the transducers for 3D imaging of the hemoglobin with a sub-millimeter spatial resolution. Additionally, the photoacoustic signal amplitude and temperature have a linear relationship, which allows 3D mapping of core temperatures with high accuracy and fast response. The results of 3D core temperature mapping and long-term monitoring in ex-vivo and in-vivo studies are validated by commercial devices. With access to biomolecules in deep tissues, this technology adds unprecedented functions to wearable electronics and thus holds significant implications for various applications in both basic research and clinical practice.
Energy-Efficient Cluster in Wireless Sensor Network Using Life Time Delay Clustering Algorithms
Authors: V Kumar , Jayapandian N , Balasubramanie P
Published: July 2021

Through Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) formation, industrial and academic communities have seen remarkable development in recent decades. One of the most common techniques to derive the best out of wireless sensor networks is to upgrade the operating group. The most important problem is the arrangement of optimal number of sensor nodes as clusters to discuss clustering method. In this method, new client nodes and dynamic methods are used to determine the optimal number of clusters and cluster heads which are to be better organized and proposed to classify each round. Parameters of effective energy use and the ability to decide the best method of attachments are included. The Problem coverage find changeability network route due to which traffic and delays keep the performance to be very high. A newer version of Gravity Analysis Algorithm (GAA) is used to solve this problem. This proposed new approach GAA is introduced to improve network lifetime, increase system energy efficiency and end delay performance. Simulation results show that modified GAA performance is better than other networks and it has more advanced Life Time Delay Clustering Algorithms-LTDCA protocols. The proposed method provides a set of data collection and increased throughput in wireless sensor networks.
Administration of Microencapsulated Enterococcus Faecium ABRIINW.N7 With Fructo- Oligosaccharides and Fenugreeko the Mortality of Tilapia Challenged with Streptococcus Agalactiae
Authors: Nami Yousef , Kahieshesfandiari Mahdi , Lornezhad Gilda , Kiani Amir , Jaymand Mehdi , Haghshenas Babak
Published: July 2021

The aim of study was to examine the probiotic potential of a microencapsulated E. faecium ABRIINW.N7 in the control of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in hybrid (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus) red tilapia. A two-phase experiment approach was completed in which E. faecium bacteria were propagated, from which a culture was isolated, identified using molecular techniques, and microencapsulated to produce a stable commercial fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and fenugreek (Fk) product of optimal concentration. This FOS and Fk product was assessed in a 12-week in vivo challenge study completed, in which red hybrid tilapia were allocated to one of five treatments: No Streptococcus agalactiae (Sa) challenge (G01) (CON); Sa challenge only (G02) (CON+); Sa challenge in a free cell (Free Cell) G03; Sa challenge with 2% (w/v) Alginate (G04); Microencapsulated FOS and Fk (G05-G011). In vitro results showed a high encapsulation efficiency and acceptable viability of probiotic bacteria within the simulated fish digestive system and high stability of viable cells in all gel formulations. In vivo challenges demonstrated that the G05-G011 FOS and Fk product could be used to control tilapia fish infected with S. agalactiae and represented a novel investigation using microencapsulation E. faecium as a probiotic diet tilapia fish to control S. agalactiae and lower fish mortality. It is recommended that local herbal gums such as PG and Fk in combination with ALG can be used as a suitable scaffold and an ideal matrix for the encapsulation of probiotics. These herbal gums as prebiotic also promote the growth of probiotic cells in the food environment and digestive tract.
Multiple perspectives integration for virtual reality-aided assemblability assessment in complex virtual assembly environment
Authors: Wang Yu , Hu Ziran , Li Pengyu , Yao Shouwen , Liu Hui
Published: July 2021

Virtual Reality (VR) has been proved as a promising tool for industrial design, but the traditional VR interface of first-person perspective (1PP) is not useful enough to support assemblability assessment in complex virtual assembly environments. In this paper, we proposed the multi-perspectives interface (MPI) which integrates the 1PP and the third-person perspective (3PP) using handheld World-in-Miniature (WIM). The MPI allows users to simulate the assembly operations in a natural manner similar to 1PP, while providing users with an overview of the assembly status through the WIM to assess the assemblability with superior spatial awareness. Two studies were included in this paper. The first study tested MPI in a general interaction task, which reveals stronger spatial awareness in MPI than in 1PP without the cost of losing natural interaction. The second study tested the performance, usability, and workload of MPI in an assemblability assessment task. The results show the advantages of MPI in the reachability evaluation. The contribution of this paper is exploring a novel interface for VR-aided assembly design and evaluation system.
Pathogen Change of Avian Influenza Virus in the Live Poultry Market Before and After Vaccination of Poultry in Southern China
Authors: Guo Jin , Song Wentao , Ni Xiansheng , Liu Wei , Wu Jingwen , Xia Wen , Zhou Xianfeng , Wang Wei , He Fenglan , Wang Xi , Fan Guoyin , Zhou Kun , Chen Haiying , Chen Shengen
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe fifth wave of H7N9 avian influenza virus caused a large number of human infections and a large number of poultry deaths in China. Since September 2017, mainland China has begun to vaccinate poultry with H5+H7 avian influenza vaccine. We investigated the avian influenza virus infections in different types of live poultry markets and samples before and after genotype H5+H7 vaccination in Nanchang, and analyzed the changes of the HA subtypes of AIVs. MethodsFrom 2016 to 2019, we monitored different live poultry markets and collected specimens, using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology to detect the nucleic acid of type A avian influenza virus in the samples. The H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of influenza viruses were further classified for the positive results. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences in the separation rates of different avian influenza subtypes. ResultsWe analyzed 5,196 samples collected before and after vaccination and found that the infection rate of AIV in wholesale market (21.73%) was lower than that in retail market (24.74%) (P < 0.05). Among all the samples, the positive rate of sewage samples (33.90%) was the highest (P<0.001). After vaccination, the positive rate of H5 and H7 subtypes decreased, and the positive rate of H9 subtype and untypable HA type increased significantly (P<0.001). The positive rates of H9 subtype in different types of LPMs and different types of samples increased significantly (P<0.01), and the positive rates of untypable HA type increased significantly in all environmental samples (P<0.05). ConclusionsSince vaccination, the positive rates of H5 and H7 subtypes have decreased, but the positive rates of H9 subtypes have increased to varying degrees in different testing locations and all samples. This results show that the government should establish more complete measures to achieve long-term control of the avian influenza virus.
Training Types Associated With Knowledge and Experience in Public Health Workers
Authors: Narita Zui , Yamanouchi Kazuo , Mishima Kazuo , Kamio Yoko , Ayabe Naoko , Kakei Ryoko , Kim Yoshiharu
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTraining non-specialist workers in mental healthcare improves knowledge, attitude, skills, confidence, and clinical practice. However, still little information is available on which type of mental health training is specifically associated with the improvement of these capacities. MethodsWe studied web-based survey data of 495 public health workers to examine training types associated with knowledge and experience to support individuals with mental illness. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between a lack of knowledge and experience (outcome) and mental health training (exposure). We fitted three regression models. Model 1 evaluated unadjusted associations. Model 2 adjusted for age and sex. Model 3 adjusted for age, sex, years of experience, mental health full-time worker status, and community population.ResultsFor all training types, the association between a lack of knowledge and experience and mental health training attenuated as the model developed. In Model 3, a lack of knowledge and experience was significantly associated with training in specific illness and screening and assessment (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33-0.90: and OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40-0.97, respectively). Non-significant results were produced for training in counseling, psychosocial support, collaborative work, and law and regulation in Model 3.Conclusions﻿We believe that the present study provides meaningful information that training in specific illness and screening and assessment may lead to knowledge and experience of public health workers. Further studies should employ a longitudinal design.
Nurse-led Intervention Improves Survival Following Severe Hypoglycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Irrespective of Baseline Risk Characteristics.
Authors: Pearson Sam Matthew , Kietsiriroje Noppadol , Whittam Beverley , Birch Rebecca J. , Campbell Matthew D , Ajjan Ramzi A
Published: July 2021

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests severe hypoglycaemia may pose a risk of premature mortality to individuals with type 2 diabetes. Evidence surrounding strategies to mitigate this risk is currently lacking as is evidence regarding risk stratification of such patients. MethodsWe performed a post-hoc analysis from a previously published RCT studying the impact of a structured nurse led intervention following severe hypoglycaemia. A Cox regression model was used to identify baseline characteristics associated with increased mortality and to adjust for differences between study groups. Kaplan Meier (KM) curves were created to demonstrate differences in outcome between study groups across a number of variables.Results124 participants (mean age 75, 57% male) were included in analysis. Diabetes severity score, age and insulin use were found to correlate with mortality, while other variables including HbA1c and presence of established cardiovascular disease showed no correlations. When comparing KM curves between study groups, the intervention appeared to be beneficial irrespective of glycaemic control, presence of vascular disease, diabetes severity score or age.ConclusionIn this analysis, only diabetes severity score, age and insulin use were significantly associated with death following severe hypoglycaemia in the community. A structured nurse-led intervention appears to reduce the risk of death irrespective of age, co-morbidities or type of treatment. Trial registrationData is taken from a previously published randomised controlled trial with trial registration NCT04422145.
Hyperspectral Imaging and Convolutional Learning for Sugariness Prediction: Example of Syzygium Samarangense
Authors: Chen Chih-Jung , Yan Yung-Jhe , Huang Chi-Cho , Chien Jen-Tzung , Chu Chang-Ting , Jang Je-Wei , Chen Tzung-Cheng , Lin Shiou-Gwo , Shih Ruei-Siang , Ou-Yang Mang
Published: July 2021

Sugariness is one of the most important indicators to measure the quality of Syzygium samarangense, which is also known as the wax apple. In general, farmers used to measure sugariness by testing the extracted juice of the wax apple products. Such a destructive way to measure sugariness is not only labor-consuming but also a wasting of products. Therefore, non-destructive and quick techniques for measuring sugariness would be significant for wax apple supply chains. Traditionally, the non-destructive method to predict the sugariness or the other indicators of the fruits was based on the reflectance spectra or Hyperspectral Images (HSIs) using linear regression such as Multi-Linear Regression (MLR), Principal Component Regression (PCR), and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), etc. However, these regression methods are usually too simple to precisely estimate the complicated mapping between the reflectance spectra or HSIs and the sugariness. This study presents the deep learning methods for sugariness prediction using the reflectance spectra or HSIs from the bottom of the wax apple. A non-destructive imaging system fabricated with two spectrum sensors and light sources is implemented to acquire the visible and infrared lights with a range of wavelengths. In particular, a specialized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with hyperspectral imaging is proposed by investigating the effect of different wavelength bands for sugariness prediction. In the experiments, the ground-truth value of sugariness is obtained from a commercial refractometer. The experimental results show that using the whole band range between 400 nm and 1700 nm achieves the best performance in terms of Brix error. CNN models attain the Brix error of ±0.552, smaller than ±0.597 using Feedforward Neural Network (FNN). Significantly, the CNN’s test results show that the minor error in Brix interval 0-10°Brix and 10-11°Brix are ±0.551 and ±0.408, these results indicate that the model would have the capability to predict if sugariness is below 10°Brix or not, which would be similar to the human tongue. These results are much better than ±1.441 and ±1.379 by using PCR and PLSR, respectively. Moreover, this study provides the test error in each Brix interval within one °Brix, and the results show that the test error is varied considerably within different Brix intervals, especially on PCR and PLSR. On the other hand, FNN and CNN obtain robust results in terms of test error.
Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma in Children and Adolescents: Clinicopathologic and Gene Expression Profiling Study of 22 Cases
Authors: Guannan Wang , Wugan Zhao , Xudong Zhang , Dandan Zhang , Chongli Zhang , Wencai Li
Published: July 2021

Background: There have been few studies on large-scale samples regarding natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) in children and adolescents for the low incidence of NKTCL in this age group. The clinical, histopathological and molecular features of 22 young people with NKTCL were evaluated. The aim of the present study was to provide a better understanding of the clinicopathological aspects of this rare entity of lymphoma.Results: There were 15 male and 7 female patients (male/female, 2.14:1) with a median age of 15 years. The results revealed that the nasal site was the most involved region while non-nasal sites were observed in 27.3% out of all cases, and exhibited histopathological and immunohistochemical features similar to the cases in adults. Seven (36.8%) out of all the 19 patients during the follow-up died of the disease, and the median follow‑up period was 44 months. Moreover, patients treated with radiotherapy/chemotherapy showed significantly inferior OS compared with the untreated patients. High mutation frequencies were detected including KMT2C (5/5), MST1 (5/5), HLA-A (3/5) and BCL11A (3/5), which involved in modifications, tumor suppression and immune surveillance. Conclusion: NKTCL in children and adolescents is a rare type of T/NK cell neoplasms. This disease is difficult to distinguish from other EBV-related disorders in young people. Furthermore, active treatment is necessary after the diagnosis of NKTCL is confirmed.
The curl of angular velocity and its mechanical significance
Authors: GuangYi PU , Cheng-Xi Pu
Published: July 2021

The curl of the vector field is widely used in modern field theory, fluid mechanics, mathematics, electromagnetic field, and other fields. In this paper, by introducing an auxiliary vector parameter (We called 𝑷𝑼⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) whose direction satisfies the right-hand thread rule the mathematical expression of angular velocity vector curl (𝛁×𝝎⃗⃗⃗ ) was obtained by analogy with the method of defining velocity vector curl (𝛁×𝒗⃗⃗ ). We also pointed out that the laminar flow of viscous fluid in a circular pipe (Hogen-Poiseuille flow) in nature is a typical real example of angular velocity vector curl (𝛁×𝝎⃗⃗⃗ ). Moreover, a concise mathematical equation (Equation(11)) was given, which could be used to describe some motion characteristics of vortex ring theoretically; Therefore, the motion of a single vortex ring has the dual characteristics of the velocity curl(𝛁×𝒗⃗⃗ ) and the angular velocity curl(𝛁×𝝎⃗⃗⃗ ) at the same time.
Rufausnutzung zwischen Lauterkeitsrecht und Markenschutz: Umwege und Auswege
Authors: Heizmann Reto , Loacker Leander D.
Published: July 2021

Im Wettbewerb zwischen Unternehmen kommt es immer wieder vor, dass sich Produzenten insbesondere bei der Produktbezeichnung an bereits etablierte Bezeichnungen von Fabrikaten ihrer Mitbewerber anlehnen, um Assoziationsvorteile zu generieren. Entsprechende Sachverhalte werfen Fragen sowohl des Lauterkeits- wie auch des Immaterialgüterrechts auf. Ihre sachgerechte Beantwortung sollte sich nicht nur auf technische Fragen des Vor- bzw. Nachrangs der jeweils angerufenen Abwehrnormen beschränken, sondern muss der Grundsatzkonzeption der beiden Rechtsgebiete und ihrem Zusammenspielgebührend Rechnung tragen. Ein aktueller Entscheid des Handelsgerichts Bern gibt Anlass dazu. 

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Dans le cadre de la concurrence entre entreprises, il n’est pas rare que des producteurs adoptent des désignations de produits déjà établies par leurs concurrents afin de générer des avantages associatifs. Ces situations soulèvent des questions qui relèvent à la fois du droit de la concurrence déloyale et du droit de la propriété intellectuelle. La réponse appropriée ne doit pas se limiter à des questions techniques de priorité ou de subordination des normes défensives, mais doit dûment tenir compte de la conception fondamentale de ces deux domaines du droit et de leur interaction. Une décision récente du tribunal de commerce de Berne donne lieu à cette réflexion.
Histopathological Study of Gastric Lesions and its Correlation with Mucin Histochemistry and Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Deka Alankrita , Sharma Adity , Bhuyan Ratna K , Paul Sanjay LN
Published: July 2021

Background: Gastric disorders are responsible for a great deal of mortality and morbidity and are one of the most common encountered problems in clinical practice. H. Pylori infection is responsible for majority of acid peptic disease and is also a known carcinogen. Intestinal metaplasia is considered a precancerous lesion. We studied the incidence of H. pylori infection and mucin histochemistry of different gastric lesions.

 Methods: This study was conducted for a period of 1 year, in 50 gastric specimens received for histopathological study in the Department of Pathology, AMCH. Slides were stained with routine H&E and Giemsa for H. pylori detection. PAS/AB stain (at pH 2.5 & pH 1.0) was done to study mucin histochemistry.

Results: Out of 50 cases, 58% cases were malignant and 42% cases were benign. H. Pylori was seen in 42% cases. IM was observed in 40% of gastric lesions. IM was more common in malignant lesions. On subclassification, Type 1 and 2 IM were seen almost equally in both benign and malignant gastric lesions, but Type 3 IM was more common in malignant lesion. Incidence of IM was higher in intestinal than diffuse adenocarcinoma. A statistically significant association was seen between H. Pylori infection and IM.

 

Conclusion: Routine detection of H. pylori by special stains and mucin study in all gastric biopsy specimens helps in early detection of precancerous gastric lesions.
Pilocytic Astrocytoma in Conus Medullaris in an Adult: A Case Report
Authors: Parwan Deepika , Pandey Mukesh , Kumar Ranjan
Published: July 2021

Pilocytic astrocytoma is a rare glioma, seen predominantly in pediatric population and young adults, within first two decades of life. This is often located in deep midline structures such as brainstem and cerebellum. In adults, this tumor occurs in supratentorial location. It is a rare tumor and is frequently misdiagnosed and mistreated. However, being a low-grade tumor with excellent prognosis, if diagnosed correctly, it can be successfully treated by surgery only. We report a case of 45-year-old male adult patient with conus medullaris tumor who complained of numbness and pain in the limbs and incontinence of urine and bowel. The radiology showed a sharp conus medullaris mass, which was provisionally diagnosed as low-grade glioma and was surgically resected. On intraoperative imprint cytology, it was reported as a low-grade glial tumor. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Pilocytic astrocytoma. The patient in under follow up and doing fine.
Impact of Haemodialysis on Coagulation Profile in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Raja Veena , Ganapathy Shivashekar , Karthikean Suresh Kumar , Das Prakash Pradhiksha
Published: July 2021

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with its high prevalence, morbidity and mortality is an important public health problem. Considering the nature of the haemodialysis process, it has a considerable impact on the coagulation profile. To find out the variations in Platelet count, Prothrombin time (PT), International Normalised Ratio (INR) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) before and after haemodialysis patients.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective observational study of Coagulation profile and platelet count in pre and post hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure was conducted on 150 CKD patients in the Department of Pathology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre. p value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

In this study, there was significant reduction in platelet count from mean 2.29 cells/cu.mm in pre dialysis to 2.03 cell/cu.mm in post dialysis. There was a significant prolongation in both PT and aPTT values in post dialysis

Conclusion

These findings expose CKD patients to higher risk of bleeding disorders, which may have a role in increasing the rate of patient mortality and morbidity. In the light of this study, there is a need for nephrologist to monitor the coagulation profile and platelet count of CKD patients on dialysis, and treat any derangements in the same, so as to improve outcome for these patients.
Leptomeningeal Metastasis from Carcinoma Breast: A Case of Unknown to Known
Authors: Soman Princy S , A Hemalatha , R Kalyani , V Lakshmaiah
Published: July 2021

Leptomeningeal metastasis is known to occur as an initial presentation in solid tumors. The presentation of meningeal symptoms before the diagnosis of primary tumor is seen in 10-20% cases. Though the sophisticated radiological imaging is available, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) analysis for tumor cells remains the gold standard method for diagnosis. Incidence of brain metastasis from primary carcinoma breast is about 3-8% only.

We present a case of young female who presented with neurological symptoms and misdiagnosed as meningitis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), but later after CSF analysis it was diagnosed as metastases from carcinoma breast.
Glomeruli Sparing Pattern of Unclassified Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Neoplasm
Authors: Nagarajan Deepa , Mallya Mrinal , Shah Mita
Published: July 2021

Unclassified renal cell carcinoma (URCC), an aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), represents 0.7– 5 .7% of renal tumours. Glomerular sparing in renal neoplasms (GS) is defined as a unique growth pattern in which tumour cells overrun intact glomeruli.

An elderly woman presented with symptoms of left flank pain for three months along with fullness in the abdomen. On clinical and radiological examination, a renal mass was revealed and operated upon. A diagnosis of URCC with a glomerular sparing pattern was made on histopathological examination. The pathological details of this rare neoplasm are presented in this article.
Myoid Hamartoma of Breast - A Rare Mesenchymal Lesion
Authors: Joseph Elizabeth , Joseph Dahlia , Thomas Blessy Mary , Joy Jaison Verghese
Published: July 2021

Hamartoma is a local malformation resulting from faulty development in an organ. It was first described in breast in 1971 by Arrigoni et al and its occurrence in breast is very rare. This tumor is composed of breast lobules admixed with fibrous tissue and fibroadipose tissue.  Myoid hamartoma, also called as muscular hamartoma , is composed of smooth muscle cells in addition to ducts, lobules, and stroma. Here, we report a case of myoid hamartoma which occurred in a 53year old lady with a lump in the right breast.
Corporate Governance Spillover through Bootstrapping and ASEAN Bidder CBMA Success
Authors: Rahim Nurhazrina Mat , Ali Ruhani , Chu Ei Yet
Published: July 2021

This study aims to examine whether the difference in country-level corporate governance between ASEAN bidding and the target country could explain the performance change (Tobin’s Q) following a Cross-border merger and acquisition (CBMA); hence, the CBMA success. Using 142 CBMAs involving ASEAN firms as the bidder over the period 2002 to 2013, the study found that the difference in country-level corporate governance could result in corporate governance spillover through bootstrapping. This has resulted in the improvement of ASEAN bidder corporate governance and positively affected the CBMA success. However, the improvement must be large enough to outweigh the high acquisition cost.
Los derechos humanos ante la emergencia climática
Authors: Rueda Abad Jose Clemente , Vargas Castilleja Rocío del Carmen
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar de manera exploratoria la situación de los derechos humanos bajo el enfoque teórico de la metamorfosis del mundo de Ulrich Bech. En la actualidad, desde el ámbito multilateral y aportaciones de carácter académico, se reconoce que la existencia del cambio climático pone en riesgo la cumplimentación íntegra de los derechos humanos. En esta perspectiva, la teoría de la metamorfosis identifica que los derechos humanos deben transformar sus mecanismos de implementación para que sean una herramienta que cohesione una respuesta individual y colectiva ante el cambio climático. En ese sentido, se propone la implementación de una estrategia educativa de carácter transformador, que permita que las personas tengan habilidades para vivir en un mundo con una temperatura media más elevada. Desde esta lógica, al poder implementar una educación de ese tipo, estaría atendiéndose el ámbito educativo y al mismo tiempo se facilitaría la implementación de los derechos humanos.
Palabras clave: metamorfosis; cambio climático; derechos humanos; educación, reducción de riesgo.
Repensando los Estados africanos: presente, pasado y futuro
Authors: Rojo Pablo Muñoz
Published: July 2021

Tras más de medio siglo de las independencias de los países africanos gran parte de sus Estados siguen siendo cuestionados por parte de la propia población africana, de organismos internacionales y de distintos países. Diferentes posturas teóricas vienen a explicar lo que denominan como “el fracaso de los Estados africanos” ya sea señalando causas externas o internas a los diferentes países africanos. Teniendo en cuenta los distintos análisis, este artículo pretende –evitando los reduccionismos, el racismo académico y desde una perspectiva histórica crítica– poner en cuestión el modelo de Estado que se ha pretendido establecer tras los procesos de independencia, al no reconocerse estos como modelos creados por y para los africanos.
Palabras clave: Estado; colonialismo; democracia; clientelismo; África; poder.
Influencia de la actividad del zorro andino (Pseudalopes Culpaeus) sobre la crianza de ovinos, en una empresa ganadera del centro del Perú
Authors: Valenzuela Humberto , Vaquerizo Maité , Ramírez Ignacio
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo del tipo observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, se realizó en la SAIS Túpac Amaru, localizada en -11.76° latitud sur y longitud -75.73°, sierra central del Perú. La altitud fluctúa entre 3600 a 4800 msnm, con temperatura que oscilan entre -5°C a 18°C. El objetivo fue evaluar e Investigar la influencia de la actividad del zorro andino sobre la crianza de ovinos, en una empresa ganadera del centro del Perú. Y los objetivos específicos: Analizar la tasa de mortalidad por causa de zorros en ovinos según clases. Analizar la tasa de prevalencia de ovinos enfermos a causa del zorro según clases de ganado. Formular estrategias de manejo y control ante la influencia de la actividad del zorro andino sobre la crianza de ovinos. Para lo cual se consideró toda la población de ovinos (74,179) raza Junín.El método utilizado fue el análisis de los registros de morbi y mortalidad de ovinos período 2011 – 2016, considerando clases de ganado. Los resultados muestran que los zorros han ocasionado una mortalidad de 23,938 ovinos durante el período de evaluación, la tasa media de mortalidad es de 5.12%. Sin embargo esta tasa es creciente de un año a otro, siendo el incremento porcentual anual promedio de 2.12%. Este hecho, constituye una realidad muy preocupante, debido a que merma el capital pecuario de la empresa. Las lesiones ocasionadas por los zorros, constituyen causas de morbilidad en el ganado ovino.El número de casos promedio para un período anual es de 738 ± 236.8 ovinos enfermos por esta causa. Se concluye que la relación: Especies silvestres “zorro” – Especies domésticas “ovinos” y hombre, no guardan equilibrio, existiendo una actividad negativa de perjuicio y depredación de parte de los zorros (por un lado) y de constante labor de crianza y preocupación de parte del hombre (por otro lado). Se recomienda: Establecer inmediatamente un programa de control de Zorros, a través de la caza y reubicación definitiva, debiendo ser destinados a: Parques naturales de conservación, zoológicos u otros a fin de promover su conservación como especie silvestre y evitar la pérdida económica de la empresa.
Presencia de “caspa” en las vicuñas de la Reserva de Producción de Fauna Chimborazo – Ecuador
Authors: Zuñiga Velando Marco , Vujaico Norma
Published: July 2021

El día 06 y 07 de setiembre del año 2017, mediante autorización del Ministerio del Ambiente y el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de la Provincia de Chimborazo – Ecuador, se llevó a cabo dos capturas y esquilas de vicuñas con fines productivos en el lugar denominado Arenal y Mechahuasca de las Provincia Tungurahua y Bolívar. En la primera zona se capturo 57 vicuñas de las cuales 6 fueron liberadas por no cumplir requisitos técnicos y 52 vicuñas se esquilaron obteniéndose 11.765 kg de fibra sucia. Es importante mencionar que se encontraron 13 vellones con “caspa”, representando el 21.2% de vellones obtenidos. En cuanto al segundo sitio, se capturaron 80 vicuñas de las cuales 13 fueron liberadas y 67 esquiladas con un peso de 14.444 kg. de fibra sucia. En esta zona se encontró 02 vellones con “caspa” la cual representa el 2.5%.En la Reserva de Producción de Fauna Chimborazo – Ecuador de acuerdo a los datos obtenidos en estas capturas y esquilas, existe una presencia significativa de “caspa” lo cual en el momento de la comercialización de la fibra de vicuña va a traer consecuencias negativas respecto a la obtención de ingresos económicos por lo tanto urge de manera prioritaria realizar estudios de investigación los cuales conlleven a determinar las causas de esta anomalía patológica y su posterior tratamiento.
Determinación de la longitud y diámetro de la fibra de crías de vicuña en el centro de investigación, producción y transferencia tecnológica de Tullpacancha, Huancavelica – Universidad Alas Peruanas.
Authors: Zúñiga Marco
Published: July 2021

En el año de 2018 y mediante los constantes patrullajes a nivel de campo en el Centro de Investigación, Producción y Transferencia Tecnológica de Tullpacancha - Huancavelica de la Universidad Alas Peruanas, se tomaron cinco muestras de fibra de crías de vicuñas las cuales fueron llevadas al Laboratorio de Fibras de la Facultad de Zootecnia de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, con la finalidad de determinar su longitud y diámetro de estas muestras obteniendo los siguientes resultados: Promedio Longitud: 2.90 cm. y 15.06 micras de diámetro.Estos resultados serán las causas por los cuales los cazadores furtivos no eliminan crías ya que el grosor de esta fibra es gruesa y por ello poco comercial.
Efecto del cultivo en dos pisos altitudinales sobre la síntesis de metabolitos secundarios en hojas de Stevia rebudiana Bertoni
Authors: Giménez Bruno , Sanabria María Elena , Salas José E.
Published: July 2021

Se determinó la existencia de diferencias significativas en la síntesis de metabolitos secundarios en hojas de Stevia rebudiana Bertoni que fueron cultivadas en dos pisos altitudinales diferentes 1.100 y 1.215 msnm, respectivamente. Los Metabolitos Secundarios (MS) fueron obtenidos por una Extracción Etanólica (EE) de las hojas de S. rebaudiana y se determinó la concentración de alcaloides, flavonoides, fenoles, saponinas y aceites esenciales. En el caso de los alcaloides la concentración fue superior a mayor altura (1215msnm), mientras que para los flavonoides, las saponinas y los aceites esenciales los resultaros fueron opuestos, obteniéndose la mayor concentración de estos MS a menor altura (1100msnm).Estas diferencias significativas en la concentración de los metabolitos, demuestran una vez más la plasticidad de S. rebudiana a adaptarse a ambientes heterogéneos, ajustando su fisiología y sintetizando productos naturales de elevado interés farmacológico.