bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cosmetic and Functional Outcomes of Combined Surgery for Periocular Aging; Changes in Visual Field and Corneal Topography
Authors: ÇELİK Seda , ŞİNGAR Evin , KATİRCİOGLU Yasemin , UNLU Nurten
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the visual field and corneal topographic findings which occur with combined surgeries in patients who have other involutional periocular changes in association with dermatochalasis.

Material and Method: Eighty eyelids of 40 patients were included in the study and the subjects were divided into 2 groups as additional eyelid pathology (Group 1) and additional eyebrow ptosis (Group 2). In the preoperative and postoperative 3rd month, Margin Reflex Distance-1 (MRD-1), corneal parameters obtained by high base topography device and visual field findings obtained by a visual field device were recorded and detailed ophtalmologic examination was performed.

Results: A mean elevation of 0.5 mm was observed in the MRD-1 values in both groups. Postoperatively, a marked reduction was observed in the rate of observing scotoma in the visual field and in MD and PSD values (p
Diş çekimi öncesi durumluk, sürekli ve dental kaygı düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SAMUR ERGÜVEN Sara , KILINÇ Yeliz , ÇİZMECİ ŞENEL Figen , KARAOĞLANOĞLU Serpil
Published: March 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; ağız, diş ve çene cerrahisi kliniğine diş çekimi amacıyla başvuran hastaların durumluk, sürekli ve dental kaygı düzeylerini belirlemek ve kaygının ilişkili olabileceği düşünülen faktörlerle olan bağlantısını değerlendirmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: 75. Yıl Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Hastanesi Cerrahi Müdahale Kliniği’ne Nisan 2016- Nisan 2017 tarihleri arasında başvuran hastalara (n=77) durumluk, sürekli ve dental kaygı düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla Durumluk Sürekli Anksiyete Ölçeği, Modifiye Dental Anksiyete Skalası ve kaygının bağlantılı olabileceği düşünülen faktörlere ilişkin soruları içeren anketler uygulandı. Modifiye Dental Anksiyete Skalası skor değeri ≥ 19 olan katılımcılar yüksek dental kaygı düzeyine sahip olarak değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların demografik özelliklerini de içeren veriler istatistik programına aktarılarak tanımlayıcı veriler ile sonuçlar değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analizlerde Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U ve Ki-kare testleri kullanıldı. Tüm analizlerde p
Effect of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection on Mean Platelet Volume in Newborns
Authors: AKDUMAN Hasan , AYDOĞAN Seda , DİNLEN FETTAH Nurdan , DİLLİ Dilek , ÖKTEM Ahmet , ÖZYAZICI Ahmet , BİDEV Duygu , ZENCİROĞLU Ayşegül
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine the changes in the mean platelet volume (MPV) levels of the babies who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. It was also aimed to assess whether these changes were related to the severity of the disease, length of hospital stay, and Silverman Anderson respiratory severity score.

Material and methods: In this retrospective study, the patient group included the newborns at ≥34 gestational weeks who were diagnosed with RSV infection in the NICU. The control group consisted of healthy newborns without RSV infection. MPV values of the subjects were compared between the groupswith and without RSV.

Results: The MPV level in the group with RSV was significantly lower than the control group (p 0.05).No statistically significant relationship was found between Silverman’s scores and MPV levels in the study patients (p
CROSS-LID SWITCH FLAP FOR EYELASH RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: ÜSTÜN Galip Gencay , KOÇER Uğur
Published: March 2021

Eyelash area and eyelid marginal defects can be quite problematic to reconstruct in case of deficiency due to its unique features. Reconstruction of eyelashes not only contributes to aesthetic but also functional results. The switch flap technique, which aims to reconstruct eyelashes in two stages, can provide a tissue with reliable vascularity. Besides, the main advantage of the technique is the reconstruction of the eyelashes with their exact equivalents and the ability of primary closure of the donor area.
Geography of Pilgrimage with Special Reference to Islam
Authors: Singh Ravi S. , Ahmad Sarah
Published: March 2021

Pilgrimage is a spiritual journey during which pilgrims have a religious experience and feel connected to the faith's spiritual legacy. The sacred sites are the spiritual home for pilgrims which they have read and heard about but never visited or experienced before. With little attention paid to the Islamic pilgrimage, especially by geographers, this review paper is an attempt to provide an overview of the subject matter and seek to put forward possible future research directions. This paper provides a systematic description of pilgrimage in Islam by reviewing the literature on the subject,  analysing the definitions, characteristics, processes, classification and authorisation of pilgrimage in general followed by an overview of Islamic pilgrimage, that is, Ziyarat by defining key terms, discussing the typology and exploring the neglected dimensions in Islamic pilgrimage studies. The study has brought the relics and saints venerated in the Muslim world into focus, which are the essential causes for the origin and continuation of the Ziyarat tradition. It also points out the different occasions and reasons for performing popular pilgrimage in Islam. And lastly, it discusses the future research dimensions of Islamic pilgrimage.
Assessing Psychological Effects of Cyberbullying on the Adolescents of a Cosmopolitan City
Authors: Ghosh Shovan , Pramanick Sucharita
Published: March 2021

The popularity of computer-mediated communication and cyber technology has created many new vices in society that obstruct the development of adolescents. One such vice is cyberbullying, which is an insidious and covert form of bullying. The present paper opts to scrutinise cyberbullying's psychological effects on the victim teenagers of minority communities of a cosmopolitan city. Confirmatory factor analysis, for testing the Psychological Effect of Cyberbullying Scale (PECS) comprising 24 direct item pool, was employed to unfold Mild Psychological Effect Scale (MPES) and Intense Psychological Effect Scale (IPES). Cross validating the initial factor structure was conducted with the help of developing standardised coefficient for the two factor model for PECS. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient values are above 0.09 for the items of both the Mild Psychological Effect Scale (MPES) and Intense Psychological Effect Scale (IPES). Based on purposive sampling, the study found that all the items taken for conducting the survey are highly co-related to the psychological impact of the victim teens of the minority community of the cosmopolitan city. So the PECS developed for measuring the effect has significance. Study results also indicate that the PECS can serve as a valuable tool for measuring the mental impact of cyberbullying among teenagers.
Mixed Perspectives and Thematic Analysis in Design Education
Authors: YU Qinghua , Nagai Yukari
Published: March 2021

This research explores the design of products based on users’ emotional requirements and how students can be stimulated to generate novel ideas in design education. In order to achieve these aims, multiple methods were taught to students during an online course. In the first step, the students utilised interviews, questionnaires, and mixed perspectives to design hill censers according to the users’ emotional requirements. In the second step, the researcher conducted a qualitative thematic analysis to study the students’ collected survey reports. The analytic results were then shared with students to help them quickly obtain better novel design ideas. And then, an emotional design appraisal model was built in the third step. The two main findings are as follows: first, creation in light of the stakeholder’s perspective enabled the students to come up with better design ideas quickly. Second, the ‘design method’ and ‘emotional experience’ themes obtained by the thematic analysis were found to be vital for the designers/students. Notably, the ‘design method’ theme can help students generate novel design ideas, and the students can learn the users’ needs from the ‘emotional experience’ theme.
Letter from the Editor
Authors: B. Raga Graciela
Published: March 2021

I have the pleasure to introduce this new issue of Atmósfera which this year, its 33rd since being founded by Dr. Julian Adem, has once again started publishing systematically 8 papers per number. In particular, in this issue we have the great fortune to share editing responsibilities with Dr. Luisa Molina, a well renowned and much celebrated scientist and editor. The papers edited by her relate to issues associated with emissions of greenhouse gases and to methodologies to estimate them in Latin America. These papers provide methods that are very relevant to accurately measure emissions that aid in the estimates of national inventories and provide better tools for designing mitigation strategies.
At the origins of the neo-scholastic interpretation of kantianism:from C. Baldinotti to J. Kleutgen
Authors:   The St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Savinov Rodion V.
Published: March 2021

The article considers the first experience of interpretation and criticism of the Kantian doctrine of knowledge on the part of neo-scholastic thinkers in 1st half of the 19th century. It is shown that the transition from confessional polemics, which hadn’t philosophical in­terpretation, to the presentation and analysis of Kantian epistemology in Cesare Baldinotti’s treatise “Tentaminum metaphysicorum” (1817), when scholar takes an under­standing of Kantianism as radical skepticism. At the same time, he left unanswered ques­tions about what type of traditional concepts Kantianism refers, and how it can be de­scribed in the language of scholasticism. The first problem was solved by the Italian thinker Gaetano Sanseverino, who tried to correlate Kantianism with models traditionally opposed to scholasticism (like averroism). The second problem was solved by Jaime Balmes and Joseph Kleutgen, who outlined the boundaries of the compromise between scholasticism and Kantianism, trying to describe Criticism in terms of Thomism and show possible intersection points between these doctrines. As a result of these efforts, it becomes clear that the mechanical transfer of solutions developed in medieval scholas­ticism to the problems of modern European philosophy is not a successful polemic strat­egy. It was necessary to update the scholastic philosophy in a modern European context, which was subsequently carried out by Matteo Liberatore and the Neo-Thomists who fol­lowed him.
The so-called paradox of fiction and transcendental ontology
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shokhin Vladimir K.
Published: March 2021

While the phenomenon of our feeling of empathy for literary characters has escorted the history of imaginative writing from the very beginning, its ontological foundations have been investigated only from 1970s. The question is about different theories of “the paradox of fiction” which was introduced by Colin Redford. The basic idea behind the paradox is that empathy for the nonexistent characters of fiction and their interrela­tions as real is paradoxical and so demands explanation. Having presented the main doc­trines related to the subject matter, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that there is no such thing as a paradox in this case. What there is is a single-level reductionist naturalistic worldview which comes into collision with both the phenomenology of the relevant feeling of empathy and the definitions of existence offered by the history of European philosophy as well as their reliable counterparts outside it. According to these definitions, to exist is to be perceptible and have causality, the latter “index” being em­phasized in the article to the result that the activity of literary characters provides them with a higher ontological status compared to some other classes of mental objects. All this justifies the author in advancing the conception of heterogeneity of existence and his attempts to use quantifiers in relation to it.
Hannah Arendt and Marcel Proust:from the novel-document to storytelling
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Kucherova Anna O.
Published: March 2021

The paper focuses on Hannah Arendt’s essay “Between vice and crime”, in which Arendt explores the process of stigmatization of Jews in salons at the turn of the XXth century. For this purpose, Arendt uses the novel “In search of lost time” by Marcel Proust as a document of the era. This essay elucidates the methodological impact of the novel in re­solving the socio-political problems it describes. The author shows that the magnum opus of the famous French writer had a significant, foundational influence on H. Arendt’s thought. In particular, the article reconstructs her dialogue with M. Proust, the result of which was Arendt’s expansion of the potential of fiction. Since then, the novel has not been limited to its instrumental character. It acquires the ontological significance of story­telling. The paper shows the logic of Hannah Arendt’s disclosure of the novel’s capabili­ties through her interpretation of “In Search of Lost Time”. The author also identifies the factors that influenced this logic. The proposed perspective on fiction as the source of H. Arendt’s thought allows the author to reveal the origins of Arendt’s innovative philo­sophical ideas (storytelling, in particular) characterized by a literary component.
Creating the Innovative University
Authors: Hall Randolph W.
Published: March 2021

Universities are among the oldest institutions in the world. In America, most of the highest-ranked universities were founded in the 19th century or earlier. Despite their age, universities need to innovate, perhaps now more than ever, to serve evolving societal needs, modernize through
use of technology, stay financially viable, and fulfill their missions. University innovation is more than inventorship, technology transfer, and commercialization. It entails developing a culture that stimulates novel and integrated change through education, research, and public service as
well as clinical care, athletics, the arts, and various auxiliary activities. This article shows how innovation appears in university rankings and in university mission statements, providing insights into how universities can become innovative universities.
Innovating the Medical Imaging Course
Authors: Wiedeman Christopher , Xie Huidong , Mou Xuanqin , Wang Ge
Published: March 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), especially deep learning, have generated tremendous impacts throughout our society, including the tomographic medical imaging field. In contrast to computer vision and image analysis, which have been major application examples
of deep learning and deal with existing images, tomographic medical imaging mainly produces cross-sectional or volumetric images of internal structures from sensor measurements. Recently, deep learning has started being actively developed worldwide for medical imaging, including both tomographic
reconstruction and image analysis. While medical imaging is a well-established field, in which extensive teaching experience has been accumulated over the past few decades, updating the medical imaging course to reflect AI/ML influence is a new challenge given the rapidly changing landscape
of AI-based medical imaging, particularly deep tomographic imaging. In the 2019 fall semester, the medical imaging course at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute was modified to include an AI framework with positive feedback from students. Encouragingly, many students showed a strong motivation
to learn AI in classes and hands-on projects, as confirmed in their survey reports. In the 2020 fall semester, we improved this course further, incorporating new advances. This article describes our teaching philosophy, practice, and considerations with respect to integrating deep learning,
tomographic imaging, and hands-on programming to redefine the medical imaging course. Furthermore, given the persistent pandemic, online teaching and examination have become an integral part of higher education. These needs will be addressed as well, with the hope of developing an open course
in the future.
The Unexpected Benefits of Customer Discovery for Research, Teaching, Economic Development, and Innovation
Authors: Bosman Lisa B. , McKenna Ann F. , Parry Zen , Weilerstein Phil , Westbroek Wendy , Burg Karen J.L.
Published: March 2021

The Innovation-Corps™ (I-Corps) program was created by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 2011 to help translate NSF-funded academic research to market. Working with coordi- nating partner VentureWell, the NSF offers select participants from U. S. academic laboratories the
opportunity to immerse themselves in a process to test and explore the opportunities and value of their ideas in the marketplace. Participants talk to potential customers, partners, and competitors to refine their research ideas into viable products using an entrepreneurial approach to meet
the challenges and uncertainty of creating successful innovations. This paper summarizes panel content that was planned for the NAI Ninth Annual Meeting, which was cancelled due to COVID-19 concerns and restrictions. The purpose of the panel was to provide a range of uniquely different perspectives;
thus, we have opted to maintain the question and answer format. The panelists first examine the real and perceived, or intended and unintended, outputs of I-Corps projects and then discuss the I-Corps process as the catalyst for refining and/or scaling promising research idea into a product
to meet a customer need. The panelists then describe the importance of customer discovery as relevant to invention and to culturally conscious entrepreneurship and how this first step can aid basic research. The panelists highlight the opportunities and challenges of teaching a customer discovery
approach in an academic setting by charging learners to ask open-ended questions to acquire a 360-degree perspective of a technological innovation. Lastly, the panelists provide a viewpoint on the execution of academic customer discovery during the current COVID-19 challenges and the potential
for economic development.
Innovative Infrared Heating Technologies for Food and Agricultural Processing
Authors: Pan Zhongli
Published: March 2021

Food and agricultural industries have an increasing need to develop and adopt novel and sustainable processing technologies with high processing and energy efficiency and less water usage and waste-water generation while, at the same time, delivering safe, high-quality processed food
and agricultural products. The use of infrared (IR) radiation heating for food and agricultural processing represents a novel approach for various food thermal processing operations, including drying, blanching, disinfestation, disinfection, and stabilization. Relevant attributes of IR heating
technology include high heat delivery rate, lack of need for a heating medium, reduced processing time, improved energy efficiency, and enhanced product quality and safety with a minimal environmental footprint. The author and his research team recently conducted systematic and innovative
research on IR heating for food and agricultural product processing, which resulted in an advancement in the scientific knowledge of IR heating in food science and engineering and the development and commercialization of a series of patented processing technologies. The novel IR heating technologies
improved food healthfulness, quality, and safety while saving energy and water. The focus of this article is the review of several innovative IR heating-based processing technologies that were developed, including IR dry-peeling, dry-blanching, and dehydration technologies for fruits and vegetables;
IR heating technology for drying and roasting of tree nuts; and effective IR heating for simultaneously achieving multiple goals in rice postharvest processing.
El diseño y desarrollo de animaciones como estrategia que ayuda a mediar la comprensión del equilibrio químico en la escuela
Authors: Candela Boris Fernando
Published: March 2021

El propósito de este estudio es investigar si el diseño y desarrollo de animaciones mediadas por la técnica del Stop Motion, ayudan a los estudiantes en la construcción de una comprensión del equilibrio químico a nivel molecular. La metodología fue cualitativa por estudio de casos, y los datos se recogieron por medio de fuentes documentales como: videos de clases, observación no participante, trabajos de los estudiantes, y entrevistas. El análisis de los datos generó las siguientes categorías: (1) El diseño de animaciones en conjunción con una orientación de enseñanza sociocultural y fenomenológica, factor clave en la diferenciación e integración de los niveles de representación de la química; (2) El par evaluador de las animaciones elemento clave en la construcción de la compresión del equilibrio químico; (3) Las animaciones herramienta cognoscitiva que apoya la visualización, interpretación y razonamiento de los procesos químicos; y (4) El diseño de las animaciones factor importante en el desarrollo de las habilidades de pensamiento que demanda la sociedad del conocimiento. Estos resultados permitieron concluir que el diseño y desarrollo de animaciones a través de la técnica del Stop Motion dentro de un contexto de enseñanza de perspectiva sociocultural, ayudaron a mediar la comprensión del equilibrio químico.
The Mystery of the Big Ben robbery. Una experiencia gamificada en el aula de primaria: un estudio de caso
Authors: Vives Morera Emma , Coiduras Rodríguez Jordi Lluís
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta gamificada de innovación educativa con la integración de la tecnología en el aula, con el fin de describir y analizar la mejora de la atención del alumnado y la mejora en la expresión de en lengua inglesa. La experiencia se lleva a cabo con dos grupos de sexto de educación primaria, con un total de 54 sujetos. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, de orientación cualitativa, que combina el cuestionario, el diario de observación y rúbricas calificadoras. El análisis de los resultados nos muestra, un ligero incremento en la mejora de la expresión escrita, a la vez que un destacable incremento en la atención, la motivación y participación del alumnado.
TIC, educación y conservación de Patrimonio Propuesta metodológica para el estudio y conservación una colección de arte universitaria
Authors: Porcel Ziarsolo Alazne , Artetxe Sánchez Enara , Maguregui Olabarria Itxaso , Alberdi Egües Katrin , Larrañaga Jose Luis
Published: March 2021

A pesar de las dificultades que conlleva plantear metodologías docentes innovadoras en el aula, la universidad es un lugar privilegiado para hacer converger las competencias digitales y las propias de las disciplinas de estudio.

La presente propuesta se contextualiza en la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad del País Vasco y plantea una metodología docente que integra las TICs para el estudio y difusión de la colección de arte de la UPV/EHU, con el objetivo de que tanto docentes como discentes se formen adecuadamente tanto para la mejora de la práctica educativa como para su desarrollo profesional. Se posibilita así, la adquisición de las competencias digitales propias de la titulación al tiempo que el alumnado trabaja e interioriza de forma activa y significativa la utilidad de las nuevas tecnologías en las tareas propias de la conservación de patrimonio, aplicándolas a la catalogación, digitalización y difusión de las obras conservadas en la Universidad. La implementación de la propuesta hace que las TIC se conviertan en importantes recursos para el estudio de la colección, facilitando aprendizajes teóricos y prácticos durante el proceso, al tiempo que se constituyen como una herramienta inestimable e innovadora para la conservación de estas obras de arte.
Movilidad virtual abierta para la formación continua de profesorado K-12: la experiencia del Congreso Internacional Virtual conectandoescuelas.org
Authors: Kerexeta Brazal Itziar , Camara Pereña Sonia , Darretxe Urrutxi Leire , Martinez Monje Pedro Manuel
Published: March 2021

En el presente artículo se presenta la revisión de la experiencia de movilidad virtual del Congreso Internacional Virtual conectando escuelas, celebrado el 6, 7 y 8 de mayo de 2019 con un colectivo de 411 asistentes de 8 países de Latinoamérica y España que trabajan en torno a educación obligatoria (K-12) y en pro de la accesibilidad universal y la inclusión en la escuela.

Se optó por el formato virtual siguiendo criterios de movilidad virtual abierta como para garantía para la inclusión. Se apostó por una inscripción gratuita para asegurar la accesibilidad económica, el formato virtual para facilitar el contacto internacional y la posibilidad de participación a agentes educativos de comunidades rurales y la clara apuesta por las alfabetizaciones múltiples, ofreciendo de forma simultánea audio, Lengua de Signos Española y Visual Thinking.

 Analizando el impacto y difusión lograda, el acompañamiento de los comités organizativos y honoríficos, así como las respuestas a la encuesta de satisfacción realizada a las personas que participaron en el congreso llegamos a la conclusión de que este formato posibilita la accesibilidad y la colaboración, creando además un alto impacto en la generación de una red virtual donde compartir saberes comunes.
Designing Virtual Mobility as a transformative learning experience
Authors: Rajagopal Kamakshi , Mateusen Ludo
Published: March 2021

Virtual student mobility and blended student mobility are becoming a key strategic policy area in European educational policy, with the aim of providing all students in Europe with the experience of mobility during their studies. This article looks at the extent to which these forms of mobility are designed to support transformative learning experiences, through the analysis of three virtual mobility cases in secondary education and three cases in higher education, using the Activity-Centred Analysis and Design (ACAD) Framework. The findings show that virtual mobility offers suitable learning environments where transformative learning can occur. However, structured reflection needs to be more elaborately designed for and supported to achieve its full potential. The article suggests that structured reflection is currently primarily focused on the development of intercultural skills and attitudes, but offers opportunities for other learner skills in virtual mobility (such as collaborative learning and networked learning). The article suggests some methods to do this.
Special issue editorial. Virtual mobility: opening up educational mobilities
Authors: Tur Gemma , Buchem Ilona
Published: March 2021

The characterization virtual mobility is based on three main conceptual pillars – international, digital and collaborative. We understand that these characteristics are common to other related concepts although an institutional agreement and the transcript of records for the exchange and recognition of credits seems to be a distinct characteristic of virtual mobility. A recent approach to virtual mobility has added the dimension of open education as the fourth pillar of virtual mobility and the new concept has been framed as Open Virtual Mobility. These different approaches show that the concept of virtual mobility can be interpreted and designed depending on the actual objectives, practices and educational contexts, as shown in the articles in this special issue.

Going beyond a single perspective on virtual mobility, and focusing on commonalities, we are proud to introduce the collection of five articles which present different approaches to virtual mobility in the sense of facilitating international and collaborative learning experiences in online learning environments. This special issue offers a wide perspective on virtual mobility, which includes different approaches, methodologies and models towards designing and exploring virtual mobility experiences in practice and research.
A Proposed Pandemic Clause for Force Majeure Events under Construction Contracts in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Zin Shahrizal , Rahmat Nur Ezan , Abdul Razak Abdul Mu’iz , Fathi Nik Hasbi , Putu Budiartha I Nyoman
Published: March 2021

The construction industry is not spared from the adverse effect of the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper aims to identify the triggering events of Force Majeure under the standard forms of construction contract in Malaysia and determine the extent to which the relevant provisions in these contracts apply to the Force Majeure events during the pandemic. This research employs a qualitative research methodology, and the outcomes will help clarify the grey area of Force Majeure law caused by a global pandemic. It proposes guidelines to the construction industry when dealing with a similar disruption caused by an outbreak of the disease.
Keywords: pandemic clause, Force Majeure, construction contracts
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2733
Tendencia genética y fenotípica de la producción de leche: caso de un establo comercial del valle de Huaura, Perú
Authors: Hidalgo Vasquez Yaneline Nilda , García Salas María Elisa Catalina , Gutiérrez Reynoso Gustavo Augusto , Chagray Ameri Néstor Humberto
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la tendencia genética y fenotípica de la producción de leche (PL) de vacas Holstein de un establo del valle de Huaura, Perú. Se evaluaron 2.590 hembras (vacas y terneras) para el cálculo de los valores genéticos estimados (VGE) y 2.862 lactaciones estandarizadas a 305 días y dos ordeños diarios, del primer al quinto parto de 1.892 vacas del periodo 1999-2017, mediante un modelo animal de medidas repetidas. Con el software ASReml, se estimó una heredabilidad (h2) de 0,16 (error estándar 0,03) y una repetibilidad (r) de 0,28 (0,025). Las tendencias se estimaron mediante regresión lineal usando el paquete estadístico SAS v.9.4. Los VGE para la PL de las vacas y terneras tienen una media de +200,9 (16,1) kg y +148,7 (9,7) kg, respectivamente, con más del 70 % de valores positivos. La tendencia genética para PL de las hembras fue -2,4 (2,1) kg/año. Se estimó una tendencia fenotípica para PL de +294,3 (24,9) kg/año. Se concluye que la tendencia fenotípica es favorable debido a mejoras en aspectos no genéticos, ya que la h2 indica que la PL está influenciada principalmente por el ambiente y, en menor medida, por la varianza genética aditiva del carácter. La tendencia genética para la PL de hembras fue negativa. Sin embargo, los VGE para PL de las hembras vivas sugieren que a futuro, el establo puede incrementar la tendencia genética para PL.
“This Charter applies…”: The Supreme Court of Canada’s Fundamental Error in the Trinity Western University decisions
Authors: Peach Ian
Published: March 2021

I. IntroductionThere has been an ongoing battle between Trinity Western University and the Federation of Law Societies of Canada — the national organization of the law societies that govern the legal profession in Canada — over whether Canada’s law societies will recognize JDs from the law faculty that Trinity Western wishes to establish. At the heart of this controversy is the fact that Trinity Western University, as an avowedly Christian, and some might say conservative, university, requires all of its faculty, staff, and students to sign a Community Covenant. Among other things, this Community Covenant prohibits “sexual intimacy that violates the sacredness of marriage between a man and a woman.”1 A student’s failure to comply with the Covenant could result in disciplinary measures, including suspension and possibly expulsion.2 Several law societies, including the Law Society of British Columbia and the (as it was then known) Law Society of Upper Canada, denied accreditation to Trinity Western’s proposed law faculty because of this Community Covenant...
INTEGRAL ASPECTS OF HARMONIC HEARING IN THE PROCESS OF SIGHT-SINGING
Authors: Nikolić Igor , Kodela Slobodan
Published: March 2021

Harmonic hearing is a significant characteristic for professional musicians, hence its development is one of the most important tasks in musical training, precisely in teaching solfeggio. The paper debates the basic hypothesis that at an academic age, the level of development of harmonic hearing with the students of music is significantly correlated with the success in sight-singing. The research was realised on the sample of the students at the Faculty of Arts in Niš (N = 42). The data were collected by questionnaires and examination, whereby the grades in the level of harmonic hearing and sight-singing were awarded. The results show significant positive correlation between the grades (r = .37, p ˂ .05), which confirms the basic hypothesis. The paper additionally considers the elements which can formally and informally influence the development of harmonic hearing and examines the importance of various aspects of an analysis of sigh-singing melodic exercises. To sum up, we pointed to the necessity for applying integral aspects of harmonic hearing in sight-singing and developing skills and competences for participation in various music activities.
Krasimir Kabakčiev AN ENGLISH GRAMMAR: MAIN STUMBLING BLOCKS FOR BULGARIANS LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Bulatovic Vesna
Published: March 2021

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SERBIAN TRANSLATION OF BILL BRYSON’S MADE IN AMERICA: SOURCE TEXT EQUIVALENCE AS THE DEFINING CRITERIA OF TRANSLATION
Authors: Eraković Borislava
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the effect of an implicit, equivalence-based concept of translation on the translator’s decision-making by examining the Serbian translation of the non-literary work Made in America by the famous American travel writer Bill Bryson. The translation does not contain any binary errors that would suggest an incompetent translator, but it shows problems with intratextual coherence for the target reader. The reasons for this can be linked to an underlying concept of translation which is based solely on the search for equivalence to the source text, disregarding the purpose of the translation and the viewpoint of the target reader. The paper contrasts the effect of this approach to the effects of a functionalist approach to translation and discusses its implications for a more visible role for the translator.
THE NEOLIBERAL STATE AND THE CITIZEN IN I, DANIEL BLAKE
Authors: Petković Danijela
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses Ken Loach’s critically acclaimed film, I, Daniel Blake, which, as it is argued, examines and condemns the neoliberal redefining of both the state and the citizen in contemporary Great Britain, setting this central issue in the wider, emotionally charged framework of labour, health, illness and death. The first part of the paper offers a brief, and selective, overview of current critical and theoretical thought on Anglo-American neoliberalism, state and citizenship, and summarizes the basic tenets of the recent work by Cherniavsky (2017), Brown (2015), Mirowski (2013), Wacquant (2011) and Harvey (2005) in particular. As countless other theorists and critics who further develop Foucault’s (1978) insights in the 21st century, they also agree that “the neoliberal turn” has resulted, inter alia, in a strong punitive state which nonetheless retains the outward signs and the institution of a democratic, Keynesian welfare state, including, as Loach’s film demonstrates, the social services. While the critics agree that such a transformation of the state and the citizen is particularly noticeable in contemporary USA, I, Daniel Blake demonstrates that austerity-era Great Britain is not far behind.
CRITICAL INCIDENTS AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING AND ASSESSING EFL MAJORS’ INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY AND COMPETENCE
Authors: Bodrič Radmila
Published: March 2021

Knowing and understanding the cultural values of one’s native and target cultures enable individuals to establish and maintain successful intercultural communication. The aim of the paper is to identify the EFL university students’ opinions and attitudes towards potentially controversial intercultural situations. For this purpose, a qualitative critical incident technique was used to explore whether (and to what extent) pre-service EFL student teachers possess intercultural sensitivity and competence to resolve controversial intercultural situations presented through so-called critical incidents. The survey was carried out among third and fourth-year students of English at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad. The research findings indicate that the respondents demonstrated a fair degree of intercultural perspective, intercultural sensitivity and competence. The findings offer practical support in favour of critical incidents as one of the many useful pedagogical tools for the development and assessment of intercultural sensitivity and competence of L2 learners. The pedagogical implications of this research point towards the necessity of introducing intercultural elements not only into L2 instruction but into general education as well.
ANNIE PROULX’S BIRD CLOUD AND ‘LITERATURE OF HOPE’
Authors: Cvetkovic Tanja
Published: March 2021

The paper focuses on Annie Proulx’s non-fiction work Bird Cloud and explores some of the ideas Proulx has postulated in her fiction, novels and short stories: a sense of place, home-ness, the history and archaeology of place, the sense of (non)-belonging, or conjunction and disjunction to use Slovic’s terms. Travel and relocation, prominent features of Proulx’s work, are what Barry Lopez describes as means of overcoming disjunction in remote locations and of cultivating intimacy with the landscape. Eventually they give rise to a fictional representation of landscape. We may conclude that for Proulx landscape writing becomes a “literature of hope” that
MOTION VERBS IN PERSIAN AND ENGLISH: A FRAMENET-BASED CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Imani Zolfa , Motavalian Naeini Rezvan
Published: March 2021

The current research aims at exploring and comparing the semantic frames of motion verbs in English and Persian. In pursuit of this goal, the novel Animal farm by G. Orwell (1945) was selected and compared with its Persian translation, Qale heyvanat (Atefi, 2010). The sentences including motion verbs were primarily extracted from the novel and then a comparison was made between each English sentence and its Persian counterpart. Afterwards, the semantic frames of the English and Persian motion verbs were obtained from the FrameNet database. It should be noted that when the motion verbs in English had an equivalent which could be interpreted in a different way in Persian, the Persian verb was searched for in one of the most reliable Persian to English dictionaries—Persian to English Dictionary (Aryanpur and Aryanpur, 2007). We searched for its English equivalent and then the newly obtained English verb was searched in FrameNet for the semantic frame. When comparing the semantic frames of the motion verbs in the two languages examined, we concluded that motion events in English and Persian were expressed through miscellaneous motion verbs each of which involves a semantic frame peculiar to it. Likewise, the frames may be similar or different cross-linguistically in case of semantic differences, or they might be pragmatically similar.
ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF PITCH ACCENT AS A REGIONAL FORENSIC MARKER IN SERBIAN
Authors: Tomić Kristina
Published: March 2021

The current research compares the acoustic correlates of pitch accent of two urban dialects of spoken Serbian, urban Niš and Novi Sad. We analyzed spontaneous speech of nineteen native speakers of Serbian with regard to vowel duration and fundamental frequency ratios. It was shown that the tone between the stressed and post-stressed vowel is generally falling in the speech of Niš, while in the speech of Novi Sad it reflects the tone of the expected pitch accent in that particular word. The same is true of the interval between the end of the stressed and the beginning of the post-stressed vowel, which is always rising in the speech of Niš. In Niš, speakers tend to produce vowels in words with falling accents as longer than in words with rising accents. On average, vowels are longer in the speech of Novi Sad. Bearing in mind that regional variations provide important forensic markers (Kašić and Đorđević 2009), this research aims to contribute to the discipline of forensic phonetics, in particular to speaker profiling. Its significance also lies in the fact that it examines spontaneous speech, and is thus relevant for forensic casework (Rose 2002; Nolan, de Jong, and McDougall 2006).
ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN CEPHALOMETRIC PARAMETERS IMPORTANT FOR DENTAL PRACTICE
Authors: Arsić Stojanka , Trandafilović Milena , Janković Sonja , Ilić Dragana , Nedović Bojan , Vitković Nikola , Stojković Miloš , Tufegdžić Milica , Mitić Jelena , Trajanović Miroslav
Published: March 2021

Cephalometry is a measurement of the head by imaging, also taking into account the layer which consists of all the soft tissues of the head. Following the introduction of computed tomography (CT), 3D reconstruction of the head and neck structures and 3D analysis of angular and linear cephalometric parameters was enabled. This study aimed to determine the characteristic cephalometric parameters, using the 2D reconstruction of the multi-slice CT (MSCT) images, which are essential for computer designing of the parametric-geometric-mathematical model (PGMM) of the human skull. We conducted the study on 20 CT scans of adult patients (12 males and 8 females), taken from the radiology archive of the Clinical Center in Niš. Measurements were done on 2D reconstruction images of preselected 3D images of the human head created using MSCT. The values of 29 linear cephalometric parameters (LCP) and 20 angular cephalometric parameters (ACP) were determined. Statistically significant differences between males and females were noted for the distance between the points Sella and Supraorbitale and for the distance between the points Subspinale and Labium superius. Mean values of cephalometric parameters obtained by measurements on 2D CT images can be used to generate normative parameters which represent values used to generate 3D PGMM of the human skull. This PGMM of the skull may allow a more accurate diagnosis, better selection of treatment methods and more accurate prognosis for healing in orthodontics, implantology, oral and maxillofacial surgery.
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS MICROENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON BIOMECHANICAL FEATURES OF DIFFERENT SUTURE MATERIALS USED IN HEPATO-PANCREATO-BILIARY SURGERY
Authors: Radojković Milan , Stojković Miloš , Golubović Ilija , Sokolović Dušan
Published: March 2021

The key features of any suture material, such as its tensile strength, knot security, resorbability, handling characteristics and biological behavior must be taken into account during the selection process. These biomechanical features may be variable in different microenvironmental conditions in the human body in which the sutures are placed due to the influence of numerous local biohumoral factors. We have reviewed the data on the impact of pancreatic juice and bile, various pH conditions, chemotherapy and heat on different suture materials behavior. It is suggested that in pancreatic and biliary surgery polydioxanone sutures should be used. The review has also demonstrated that absorbable suture materials were more sensitive to pH than non-absorbable sutures. In addition, polyglyconate sutures were the strongest of all absorbable synthetic sutures when exposed to heat and cytotoxic drugs. This review provides a better basis for the selection of suture materials for specific applications.
LEPTIN: FROM APPETITE SUPPRESSION TO AUTOIMMUNITY
Authors: Ranđelović Milica , Jevtović-Stoimenov Tatjana M.
Published: March 2021

The hormone leptin is released by adipocytes accordingly to current energy stores to suppress appetite. Apart from this, leptin acts as a proinflammatory cytokine and strongly stimulates  inflammation. Immune-modulating properties are partly achieved by affecting T-cell maturation, polarization, and viability. Leptin rises inflammatory cells count, increases proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and impairs regulatory T-lymphocytes differentiation. Leptin secretion and signalization disturbances have recently started to be observed in the context of autoimmunity.  In this review, we discuss signaling pathways affected by the satiety hormone, its effect on T-lymphocyte maturation, differentiation and polarization, and relation to other immune-modulating agents. In the end, we highlight the rising evidence connecting hyperleptinemia state which is almost always related to obesity, with autoimmune disorders and take a brief overview of possible mechanisms behind leptin’s potency to induce self-reactivity.
SECONDARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY MIMICKING ABDOMINAL CAUSE OF RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN IN A PREPUBERTAL GIRL
Authors: Milenović Ana , Šaranac Ljiljana , Toli Vasiliki , Ilić Dragana , Đurić Zlatko
Published: March 2021

Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children is defined as at least three episodes of pain that occur over at least three months and affect the child's ability to perform normal activities. The prevalence of recurrent abdominal pain in a population of schoolchildren varies from 10% to even 45%. Pituitary disorders are rarely considered as causative factor in children with abdominal pain, especially in absence of midline facial defects and in case of emergency, when growth monitoring is neglected or not performed carefully. Herein we report an unusual case of RAP caused by secondary adrenal insufficiency. An 8-year-old girl was hospitalized repeatedly because of RAP. Biological parameters including white blood cell count, hemoglobin value, C-reactive protein, glucose, electrolytes were within the normal range. Low cortisol combined with low ACTH values was the clue for diagnosis. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary region revealed anterior pituitary hypoplasia and pituitary stalk interruption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of child with RAP caused by pituitary disorder. Possible inherited, autoimmune and post-traumatic causative factors are discussed.