bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Density fluctuations in granular piles traversing the glass transition: A grain-scale characterization via the internal energy
Authors: Gago Paula A. , Boettcher Stefan
Published: January 2022

The grain-scale dynamics of the internal energy inside a tapped granular pile is studied, advancing on a kinetic theory of grains.
Electronic skin as wireless human-machine interfaces for robotic VR
Authors: Liu Yiming , Yiu Chunki , Song Zhen , Huang Ya , Yao Kuanming , Wong Tszhung , Zhou Jingkun , Zhao Ling , Huang Xingcan , Nejad Sina Khazaee , Wu Mengge , Li Dengfeng , He Jiahui , Guo Xu , Yu Junsheng , Feng Xue , Xie Zhaoqian , Yu Xinge
Published: January 2022

The closed-loop HMI system could compliantly interface with human body for teleoperating various robotics with haptic feedback.
Organic synthesis associated with serpentinization and carbonation on early Mars
Authors: Steele A. , Benning L. G. , Wirth R. , Schreiber A. , Araki T. , McCubbin F. M. , Fries M. D. , Nittler L. R. , Wang J. , Hallis L. J. , Conrad P. G. , Conley C. , Vitale S. , O’Brien A. C. , Riggi V. , Rogers K.
Published: January 2022

Abiotic formation of organic molecules

Mars rovers have found complex organic molecules in the ancient rocks exposed on the planet’s surface and methane in the modern atmosphere. It is unclear what processes produced these organics, with proposals including both biotic and abiotic sources. Steele
et al
. analyzed the nanoscale mineralogy of the Mars meteorite ALH 84001 and found evidence of organic synthesis driven by serpentinization and carbonation reactions that occurred during the aqueous alteration of basalt rock by hydrothermal fluids. The results demonstrate that abiotic production of organic molecules operated on Mars 4 billion years ago. —KTS
Mitochondria shed their outer membrane in response to infection-induced stress
Authors: Li Xianhe , Straub Julian , Medeiros Tânia Catarina , Mehra Chahat , den Brave Fabian , Peker Esra , Atanassov Ilian , Stillger Katharina , Michaelis Jonas Benjamin , Burbridge Emma , Adrain Colin , Münch Christian , Riemer Jan , Becker Thomas , Pernas Lena F.
Published: January 2022

Mitochondria shed their SPOTs

Outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) function is essential for cellular health. How mitochondria respond to naturally occurring OMM stress is unknown. Li
et al
. show that, upon infection with the human parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
, mitochondria shed large structures positive for OMM (SPOTs). SPOT formation required the parasite effector TgMAF1 and its interaction with the host mitochondrial receptor TOM70 and translocase SAM50. TOM70-dependent SPOT formation mediated a depletion of mitochondrial proteins and optimal parasite growth. SPOT-like structures also formed after OMM perturbations independently of infection. Thus, membrane remodeling is a feature of cellular responses to OMM stress that
Toxoplasma
hijacks during infection. —SMH
4′-Fluorouridine is an oral antiviral that blocks respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2 replication
Authors: Sourimant Julien , Lieber Carolin M. , Aggarwal Megha , Cox Robert M. , Wolf Josef D. , Yoon Jeong-Joong , Toots Mart , Ye Chengin , Sticher Zachary , Kolykhalov Alexander A. , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Bluemling Gregory R. , Natchus Michael G. , Painter George R. , Plemper Richard K.
Published: January 2022

Preparing antiviral defenses

Antiviral drugs are an important tool in the battle against COVID-19. Both remdesivir and molnupiravir, which target the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase, were first developed against other RNA viruses. This highlights the importance of broad-spectrum antivirals that can be rapidly deployed against related emerging pathogens. Sourimant
et al
. used respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as a primary indication in identifying further drugs that target the polymerase enzyme of RNA viruses. The authors explored derivatives of molnupiravir and identified 4′ fluorouridine (EIDD-2749) as an inhibitor of the polymerase of RSV and SARS-CoV-2. This drug can be delivered orally and was effective against RSV in mice and SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets. —VV
Legal obstacles to toxic chemical research
Authors: Wagner Wendy E. , Gold Steve C.
Published: January 2022

Legislative design impedes study of chemicals in the environment
Heterologous infection and vaccination shapes immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Reynolds Catherine J. , Gibbons Joseph M. , Pade Corinna , Lin Kai-Min , Sandoval Diana Muñoz , Pieper Franziska , Butler David K. , Liu Siyi , Otter Ashley D. , Joy George , Menacho Katia , Fontana Marianna , Smit Angelique , Kele Beatrix , Cutino-Moguel Teresa , Maini Mala K. , Noursadeghi Mahdad ,   COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network‡, Brooks Tim , Semper Amanda , Manisty Charlotte , Treibel Thomas A. , Moon James C. ,   COVIDsortium Investigators‡, McKnight Áine , Altmann Daniel M. , Boyton Rosemary J.
Published: January 2022

Immune imprinting

For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), immune responses to heterologous variants are influenced by a person’s infection history. Healthcare workers (HCWs) may be exposed to several doses and types of antigens, either by natural infection or by vaccination. Reynolds
et al
. studied a cohort of UK HCWs followed since March 2020. The immunological profiles of these people depended on how often the subject had encountered antigen and which variant was involved. Vaccine responses after infection were found to be less effective if the infection involved heterologous spike from a variant virus. Unfortunately, the N501Y spike mutation, found in many variants, seems to induce the regulatory T cell transcription factor FOXP3, indicating that the virus could subvert effective T cell function. Changes to antibody binding between variants also means that serology data using the Wuhan Hu-1 S1 receptor-binding domain sequence may not be a reliable measure of protection. —CA
Quantum probe of space-time curvature
Authors: Roura Albert
Published: January 2022

An atom interferometer measures the quantum phase due to gravitational time dilation
Cryo-EM structures of amyloid-β 42 filaments from human brains
Authors: Yang Yang , Arseni Diana , Zhang Wenjuan , Huang Melissa , Lövestam Sofia , Schweighauser Manuel , Kotecha Abhay , Murzin Alexey G. , Peak-Chew Sew Y. , Macdonald Jennifer , Lavenir Isabelle , Garringer Holly J. , Gelpi Ellen , Newell Kathy L. , Kovacs Gabor G. , Vidal Ruben , Ghetti Bernardino , Ryskeldi-Falcon Benjamin , Scheres Sjors H. W. , Goedert Michel
Published: January 2022

Hi-res view of human Aβ42 filaments

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a loss of memory and other cognitive functions and the filamentous assembly of Aβ and tau in the brain. The assembly of Aβ peptides into filaments that end at residue 42 is a central event. Yang
et al
. used electron cryo–electron microscopy to determine the structures of Aβ42 filaments from human brain (see the Perspective by Willem and Fändrich). They identified two types of related S-shaped filaments, each consisting of two identical protofilaments. These structures will inform the development of better in vitro and animal models, inhibitors of Aβ42 assembly, and imaging agents with increased specificity and sensitivity. —SMH
Isospin magnetism and spin-polarized superconductivity in Bernal bilayer graphene
Authors: Zhou Haoxin , Holleis Ludwig , Saito Yu , Cohen Liam , Huynh William , Patterson Caitlin L. , Yang Fangyuan , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Young Andrea F.
Published: January 2022

In conventional superconductors, Cooper pairing occurs between electrons of opposite spin. We observe spin-polarized superconductivity in Bernal bilayer graphene when doped to a saddle-point van Hove singularity generated by a large applied perpendicular electric field. We observe a cascade of electrostatic gate-tuned transitions between electronic phases distinguished by their polarization within the isospin space defined by the combination of the spin and momentum-space valley degrees of freedom. Although all of these phases are metallic at zero magnetic field, we observe a transition to a superconducting state at finite magnetic field
B
‖
≈ 150 milliteslas applied parallel to the two-dimensional sheet. Superconductivity occurs near a symmetry-breaking transition and exists exclusively above the
B
‖
limit expected of a paramagnetic superconductor with the observed transition critical temperature
T
C
≈ 30 millikelvins, consistent with a spin-triplet order parameter.
When hyping technology is a crime
Authors: Thorp H. Holden
Published: January 2022

The rise and fall of Elizabeth Holmes, former chief executive officer (CEO) of the high-flying, privately held, American medical diagnostics company Theranos, has riveted the public for years. A bestseller, a documentary, and a seemingly endless stream of news stories have chronicled the drama, which came to a climax last week when a jury decided that Holmes committed fraud. Although a verdict has been rendered, it’s worth examining how the culture of science innovation contributed to the problem. For too long, fledging companies promoting technological and scientific advances have relied too much on style and not enough on substance.
In Science Journals
Authors: Maroso Mattia , Stajic Jelena , Yeston Jake , Smith Keith T. , Erkes Dan A. , Hurtley Stella M. , Hines Pamela J. , Alderton Gemma , Ash Caroline , Vinson Valda , Grocholski Brent , Osborne Ian S. , Sugden Andrew M. , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Norton Melissa , VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: January 2022

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
India’s pandemic toll far exceeds official count
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: January 2022

New analysis bolsters idea that country’s seemingly low death rate was misleading
Indonesia’s research reform triggers layoffs and protests
Authors: Rochmyaningsih Dyna
Published: January 2022

A new government agency takes control of the country’s science—including the venerable Eijkman Institute
Changes in the taxonomic and functional structures of microbial communities during vegetable waste mixed silage fermentation
Authors: Xiang Quanju , Zhang Juntao , Huang Xiying , Ma Menggen , Zhao Ke , Yu Xiumei , Chen Qiang , Zhang Xiaoping , Penttinen Petri , Gu Yunfu
Published: January 2022

Silage fermentation, a sustainable method of using vegetable waste resources, is a complex process driven by a variety of microorganisms. We used lettuce waste as the main raw material for silage, analyzed changes in the physicochemical characteristics and bacterial community composition of silage over a 60-day fermentation period, identified differentially abundant taxa, predicted the functional profiles of bacterial communities, and determined the associated effects on the quality of silage. The largest changes occurred during the early stages of silage fermentation. Changes in the physicochemical characteristics included a decrease in pH and an increase in the ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio and lactic acid content. The number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased, while molds, yeasts, and aerobic bacteria decreased. The bacterial communities and their predicted functions on day 0 were different from those on day 7 to day 60. The relative abundances of phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus increased. Nitrite and nitrate ammonification were more prevalent after day 0. The differences in the predicted functions were associated with differences in pH and amino acid, protein, carbohydrate, NH3-N, ether extract, and crude ash contents.
Island biogeography theory and the urban landscape: stopover site selection by the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)
Authors: Adams Hannah , McGuire Liam P.
Published: January 2022

Many migratory bats require forested sites for roosting and foraging along their migration path, but increased urbanization and intensive agricultural practices may reduce the availability of stopover sites. Urban forests may provide important stopover habitat, maintaining landscape connectivity in regions where the majority of natural habitat has been cleared for development. Island biogeography theory can be applied to urbanized temperate forest biomes where small urban forests represent islands separated from the larger “mainland” forest. We used acoustic monitoring during the fall migration period to investigate the use of urban forest habitat by a migratory species, the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte, 1831)). We predicted that recorded activity would have a positive relationship with forest patch area and shape and a negative relationship with isolation from other forest patches, as suggested by island biogeography theory. We observed greater activity at larger forest patches, and although relationships for shape and isolation were not statistically supported, the observed patterns were consistent with predictions. Our results demonstrate the need for more in-depth research on the habitat requirements for both migratory and resident bat species and the impact that ongoing urbanization has on local bat populations.
An endogenous retrovirus presumed to have been endogenized or relocated recently in a marsupial, the red-necked wallaby
Authors: Hayashi Sakura , Shimizu Konami , Honda Yusuke , Katsura Yukako , Koga Akihiko
Published: January 2022

An albino infant wallaby was born to a mother with wild-type body color. PCR and sequencing analyses of TYR (encoding tyrosinase, which is essential for melanin biosynthesis) of this albino wallaby revealed a 7.1-kb-long DNA fragment inserted in the first exon. Since the fragment carried long terminal repeats, we assumed it to be a copy of an endogenous retrovirus, which we named walb. We cloned other walb copies residing in the genomes of this species and of another wallaby species. The copies exhibited length variation, and the longest copy (>8.0 kb) contained open reading frames whose deduced amino acid sequences were well aligned with those of gag, pol, and env of retroviruses. It is unknown through which of the following likely processes the walb copy was inserted into TYR: endogenization (infection of a germline cell by an exogenous virus), reinfection (infection by a virus produced from a previously endogenized provirus), or retrotransposition (intracellular relocation of a provirus). In any case, the insertion into TYR is considered to have been a recent event on an evolutionary timescale because albino mutant alleles generally do not persist for long because of their deleterious effects in wild circumstances.
EDITORIAL STATEMENT IN HONOR OF PROFESSOR MICHAEL MCALEER
Authors: ALGHALITH MOAWIA , SWANSON NORMAN , VASNEV ANDREY , WONG WING-KEUNG
Published: January 2022

It is with profound sadness that we write this statement for the former editor of this journal, our colleague and friend, Michael McAleer. Mike passed away peacefully on July 8, 2021, and he will be sorely missed by his vast number of colleagues and friends. Mike served on the editorial board of the Annals of Financial Economics (AFE) for more than 16 years and was the Editor-in-Chief since 2016. Mike was a wonderful friend, colleague, and mentor to all that knew him, and provided countless hours of service to AFE. He touched our lives deeply and was ever ready to lend a hand in any way he could, whether through his vast knowledge of econometrics, his willingness to work together on research projects, his efforts on behalf of this journal, or his contagious joie de vivre. We will miss him greatly. In the remainder of this editorial, we include a short biography, as well as a number of statements from co-authors, colleagues and friends of Mike.
Speculative Design as a Collaborative Practice: Ameliorating the Consequences of Illiteracy through Digital Touch
Authors: Rüller Sarah , Aal Konstantin , Tolmie Peter , Hartmann Andrea , Rohde Markus , Wulf Volker
Published: January 2022

This article and the design fictions it presents are bound up with an ongoing qualitative-ethnographic study with Imazighen, the native people in remote Morocco. This group of people is marked by textual and digital illiteracy. We are in the process of developing multi-modal design fictions that can be used in workshops as a starting point for the co-development of further design fictions that envision the local population's desired digital futures. The design fictions take the form of storyboards, allowing for a non-textual engagement. The current content seeks to explore challenges, potentials, margins, and limitations for the future design of haptic and touch-sensitive technology as a means for interpersonal communication and information procurement. Design fictions provide a way of exposing the locals to possible digital futures so that they can actively engage with them and explore the bounds and confines of their literacy and the extent to which it matters.
Whose Touch is This?
: Understanding the Agency Trade-Off Between User-Driven Touch vs. Computer-Driven Touch
Authors: Tajima Daisuke , Nishida Jun , Lopes Pedro , Kasahara Shunichi
Published: January 2022

Force-feedback enhances digital touch by enabling users to share non-verbal aspects such as rhythm, poses, and so on. To achieve this, interfaces actuate the user’s to touch involuntarily (using exoskeletons or electrical-muscle-stimulation); we refer to this as computer-driven touch. Unfortunately, forcing users to touch causes a loss of their sense of agency. While researchers found that delaying the timing of computer-driven touch preserves agency, they only considered the naïve case when user-driven touch is aligned with computer-driven touch. We argue this is unlikely as it assumes we can perfectly predict user-touches. But, what about all the remainder situations: when the haptics forces the user into an outcome they did not intend or assists the user in an outcome they would not achieve alone? We unveil, via an experiment, what happens in these novel situations. From our findings, we synthesize a framework that enables researchers of digital-touch systems to trade-off between haptic-assistance vs. sense-of-agency.
TickleFoot: Design, Development and Evaluation of a Novel Foot-Tickling Mechanism That Can Evoke Laughter
Authors: Elvitigala Don Samitha , Boldu Roger , Nanayakkara Suranga , Matthies Denys J. C.
Published: January 2022

Tickling is a type of sensation that is associated with laughter, smiling, or other similar reactions. Psychology research has shown that tickling and laughter can significantly relieve stress. Although several tickling artifacts have been suggested in prior work, limited knowledge is available if those artifacts could evoke laughter. In this article, we aim at filling this gap by designing and developing a novel foot-tickling mechanism that can evoke laughter. We first developed an actuator that can create tickling sensations along the sole of the foot utilising magnet-driven brushes. Then, we conducted two studies to identify the most ticklish locations of the foot’s sole and stimulation patterns that can evoke laughter. In a follow-up study with a new set of participants, we confirmed that the identified stimuli could evoke laughter. From the participants’ feedback, we derived several applications that such a simulation could be useful. Finally, we embedded our actuators into a flexible insole, demonstrating the potential of a wearable tickling insole.
ANISMA: A Prototyping Toolkit to Explore Haptic Skin Deformation Applications Using Shape-Memory Alloys
Authors: Messerschmidt Moritz Alexander , Muthukumarana Sachith , Hamdan Nur Al-Huda , Wagner Adrian , Zhang Haimo , Borchers Jan , Nanayakkara Suranga Chandima
Published: January 2022

We present ANISMA, a software and hardware toolkit to prototype on-skin haptic devices that generate skin deformation stimuli like pressure, stretch, and motion using shape-memory alloys (SMAs). Our toolkit embeds expert knowledge that makes SMA spring actuators more accessible to human–computer interaction (HCI) researchers. Using our software tool, users can design different actuator layouts, program their spatio-temporal actuation and preview the resulting deformation behavior to verify a design at an early stage. Our toolkit allows exporting the actuator layout and 3D printing it directly on skin adhesive. To test different actuation sequences on the skin, a user can connect the SMA actuators to our customized driver board and reprogram them using our visual programming interface. We report a technical analysis, verify the perceptibility of essential ANISMA skin deformation devices with 8 participants, and evaluate ANISMA regarding its usability and supported creativity with 12 HCI researchers in a creative design task.
Investigating the Use of Head Mounted Devices for Remote Cooperation and Guidance during the Treatment of Wounds
Authors: Janßen Marc , Prilla Michael
Published: January 2022

Professional caregivers often face complex situations in which they need the support of a colleague or a specialist. This is especially necessary for caregivers during their training or with less practice in certain tasks. Due to time and space restrictions, colleagues or specialists are not always available for local support. Remote support by streaming videos to a remote helper has been discussed in healthcare domains as a so-called teleconsultation. However, little is known about how to apply teleconsultation in care. We conducted a study with caregivers and remote helpers to compare head mounted devices (HMDs) for teleconsultation in care to two alternative solutions using smartphones. We found that despite lacking familiarity, HMDs have good potential for remote support in care, and that creating video streams with smartphones is not preferable for teleconsultations. We suggest that ideal support needs to balance freedom and guidance and suggest how such support needs to be further explored.
Cultivating the Community
Authors: Nova Fayika Farhat , Coupe Amanda , Mynatt Elizabeth D. , Guha Shion , Pater Jessica A.
Published: January 2022

A growing body of HCI research has sought to understand how online networks are utilized in the adoption and maintenance of disordered activities and behaviors associated with mental illness, including eating habits. However, individual-level influences over discrete online eating disorder (ED) communities are not yet well understood. This study reports results from a comprehensive network and content analysis (combining computational topic modeling and qualitative thematic analysis) of over 32,000 public tweets collected using popular ED-related hashtags during May 2020. Our findings indicate that this ED network in Twitter consists of multiple smaller ED communities where a majority of the nodes are exposed to unhealthy ED contents through retweeting certain influential central nodes. The emergence of novel linguistic indicators and trends (e.g., "#meanspo") also demonstrates the evolving nature of the ED network. This paper contextualizes ED influence in online communities through node-level participation and engagement, as well as relates emerging ED contents with established online behaviors, such as self-harassment.
Do I Spit or Do I Pass?
Authors: Grandhi Sukeshini A. , Plotnick Linda
Published: January 2022

This study explores privacy concerns perceived by people with respect to having their DNA tested by direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies such as 23andMe and Ancestry.com. Data collected from 510 respondents indicate that those who have already obtained a DTC genetic test have significantly lower levels of privacy and security concerns than those who have not obtained a DTC genetic test. Qualitative data from respondents of both these groups show that the concerns are mostly similar. However, the factors perceived to alleviate privacy concerns are more varied and nuanced amongst those who have obtained a DTC genetic test. Our data suggest that privacy concerns or lack of concerns are based on complex and multiple considerations including data ownership, access control of data and regulatory authorities of social, political and legal systems. Respondents do not engage in a full cost/benefit analysis of having their DNA tested.
Understanding the Effects of Structured Note-taking Systems for Video-based Learners in Individual and Social Learning Contexts
Authors: Fang Jingchao , Wang Yanhao , Yang Chi-Lan , Liu Ching , Wang Hao-Chuan
Published: January 2022

Video-based learning is widely adopted by online learners, yet, learning experience and quality may be negatively affected by asynchronous and remote natures of video-based learning. As note-taking is a common practice employed by video-based learners and is known to be an effective way to trigger active construction and processing of knowledge, yet as a meta-skill, it is challenging to most learners. In this study, we aim to approach the goal of providing cognitive and social scaffolds to video-based learners by structuring their note-taking process. We presented and evaluated structured note-taking systems designed for learners in two contexts, namely, individual learning context and social learning context. With an online controlled study involving 43 participants, we compared the structured note-taking systems with two baseline systems (for individual learning and social learning contexts respectively) and found that structured note-taking significantly improved certain aspects of video-based learning such as and higher cognitive engagement and lower distraction. We discussed our results to inform the design, iteration, and adoption of note-taking tools in video-based learning.
The Computational Thematic Analysis Toolkit
Authors: Gauthier Robert P. , Wallace James R.
Published: January 2022

As online communities have grown, Computational Social Science has rapidly developed new techniques to study them. However, these techniques require researchers to become experts in a wide variety of tools in addition to qualitative and computational research methods. Studying online communities also requires researchers to constantly navigate highly contextual ethical and transparency considerations when engaging with data, such as respecting their members' privacy when discussing sensitive or stigmatized topics. To overcome these challenges, we developed the Computational Thematic Analysis Toolkit, a modular software package that supports analysis of online communities by combining aspects of reflexive thematic analysis with computational techniques. Our toolkit demonstrates how common analysis tasks like data collection, cleaning and filtering, modelling and sampling, and coding can be implemented within a single visual interface, and how that interface can encourage researchers to manage ethical and transparency considerations throughout their research process.
Investigating Crowdworkers' Identify, Perception and Practices in Micro-Task Crowdsourcing
Authors: Sun Yuling , Ma Xiaojuan , Ye Kai , He Liang
Published: January 2022

Crowdsourcing is rapidly gaining popularity among academic and business communities. Yet, our understanding of this work way is still in its incipient stage, in particular regarding the increasingly large and diverse crowdworkers. As such, we aim to understand crowdworkers' perception and experience to themselves and their work from their own perspective. We explore this by a mix-methods study of crowdworkers in Ali, one of prominent micro-task crowdsourcing platforms in China. Our findings highlight crowdworker in Ali is not only a coded name, but also an identity with some positive attitudes and beliefs towards work and life. In particular, this identity provides many socio-psychological benefits for crowdworkers, which further contributes to their consistent engagement in Ali and proactive practices to improve crowdworker communities and Ali platform collaboratively. We according suggest that taking crowdworker identity as a lens for crowdsourcing research, and turning attention towards construction and expressions of crowdworkers' identity and values in their own context.
Coalgebraic Reasoning with Global Assumptions in Arithmetic Modal Logics
Authors: Kupke Clemens , Pattinson Dirk , Schröder Lutz
Published: January 2022

We establish a generic upper bound
ExpTime
for reasoning with global assumptions (also known as TBoxes) in coalgebraic modal logics. Unlike earlier results of this kind, our bound does not require a tractable set of tableau rules for the instance logics, so that the result applies to wider classes of logics. Examples are Presburger modal logic, which extends graded modal logic with linear inequalities over numbers of successors, and probabilistic modal logic with polynomial inequalities over probabilities. We establish the theoretical upper bound using a type elimination algorithm. We also provide a global caching algorithm that potentially avoids building the entire exponential-sized space of candidate states, and thus offers a basis for practical reasoning. This algorithm still involves frequent fixpoint computations; we show how these can be handled efficiently in a concrete algorithm modelled on Liu and Smolka’s linear-time fixpoint algorithm. Finally, we show that the upper complexity bound is preserved under adding nominals to the logic, i.e., in coalgebraic hybrid logic.
The Serverless Computing Survey: A Technical Primer for Design Architecture
Authors: Li Zijun , Guo Linsong , Cheng Jiagan , Chen Quan , He Bingsheng , Guo Minyi
Published: January 2022

The development of cloud infrastructures inspires the emergence of cloud-native computing. As the most promising architecture for deploying microservices, serverless computing has recently attracted more and more attention in both industry and academia. Due to its inherent scalability and flexibility, serverless computing becomes attractive and more pervasive for ever-growing Internet services. Despite the momentum in the cloud-native community, the existing challenges and compromises still wait for more advanced research and solutions to further explore the potential of the serverless computing model. As a contribution to this knowledge, this article surveys and elaborates the research domains in the serverless context by decoupling the architecture into four stack layers: Virtualization, Encapsule, System Orchestration, and System Coordination. Inspired by the security model, we highlight the key implications and limitations of these works in each layer, and make suggestions for potential challenges to the field of future serverless computing.
Point-of-Interest Recommender Systems Based on Location-Based Social Networks: A Survey from an Experimental Perspective
Authors: Sánchez Pablo , Bellogín Alejandro
Published: January 2022

Point-of-Interest recommendation is an area of increasing research and development interest within the widely adopted technologies known as Recommender Systems. Among them, those that exploit information coming from Location-Based Social Networks are very popular nowadays and could work with different information sources, which pose several challenges and research questions to the community as a whole. We present a systematic review focused on the research done over the past 10 years about this topic. We discuss and categorize the algorithms and evaluation methodologies used in these works and point out the opportunities and challenges that remain open in the field. More specifically, we report on the leading recommendation techniques and information sources that have been exploited more often (such as the geographical signal and deep learning approaches) while we also examine the lack of reproducibility in the field that may hinder real performance improvements.
A Holistic View on Resource Management in Serverless Computing Environments: Taxonomy and Future Directions
Authors: Mampage Anupama , Karunasekera Shanika , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: January 2022

Serverless computing has emerged as an attractive deployment option for cloud applications in recent times. The unique features of this computing model include rapid auto-scaling, strong isolation, fine-grained billing options, and access to a massive service ecosystem, which autonomously handles resource management decisions. This model is increasingly being explored for deployments in geographically distributed edge and fog computing networks as well, due to these characteristics. Effective management of computing resources has always gained a lot of attention among researchers. The need to automate the entire process of resource provisioning, allocation, scheduling, monitoring, and scaling has resulted in the need for specialized focus on resource management under the serverless model. In this article, we identify the major aspects covering the broader concept of resource management in serverless environments and propose a taxonomy of elements that influence these aspects, encompassing characteristics of system design, workload attributes, and stakeholder expectations. We take a holistic view on serverless environments deployed across edge, fog, and cloud computing networks. We also analyse existing works discussing aspects of serverless resource management using this taxonomy. This article further identifies gaps in literature and highlights future research directions for improving capabilities of this computing model.
A Survey of Privacy Vulnerabilities of Mobile Device Sensors
Authors: Delgado-Santos Paula , Stragapede Giuseppe , Tolosana Ruben , Guest Richard , Deravi Farzin , Vera-Rodriguez Ruben
Published: January 2022

The number of mobile devices, such as smartphones and smartwatches, is relentlessly increasing, to almost 6.8 billion by 2022, and along with it, the amount of personal and sensitive data captured by them. This survey overviews the state of the art of what personal and sensitive user attributes can be extracted from mobile device sensors, emphasizing critical aspects such as demographics, health and body features, activity and behavior recognition, and so forth. In addition, we review popular metrics in the literature to quantify the degree of privacy and discuss powerful privacy methods to protect the sensitive data while preserving data utility for analysis. Finally, open research questions are presented for further advancements in the field.
Second Language Sentence Processing
Authors: Hopp Holger
Published: January 2022

Second language (L2) sentence processing research studies how adult L2 learners understand sentences in real time. I review how L2 sentence processing differs from monolingual first-language (L1) processing and outline major findings and approaches. Three interacting factors appear to mandate L1–L2 differences: ( a) capacity restrictions in the ability to integrate information in an L2; ( b) L1–L2 differences in the weighting of cues, the timing of their application, and the efficiency of their retrieval; and ( c) variation in the utility functions of predictive processing. Against this backdrop, I outline a novel paradigm of interlanguage processing, which examines bilingual features of L2 processing, such as bilingual language systems, nonselective access to all grammars, and processing to learn an L2. Interlanguage processing goes beyond the traditional framing of L2 sentence processing as an incomplete form of monolingual processing and reconnects the field with current approaches to grammar acquisition and the bilingual mental lexicon.
Crosslinguistic Corpus Studies in Linguistic Typology
Authors: Schnell Stefan , Schiborr Nils Norman
Published: January 2022

Corpus-based studies have become increasingly common in linguistic typology over recent years, amounting to the emergence of a new field that we call corpus-based typology. The core idea of corpus-based typology is to take languages as populations of utterances and to systematically investigate text production across languages in this sense. From a usage-based perspective, investigations of variation and preferences of use are at the core of understanding the distribution of conventionalized structures and their diachronic development across languages. Specific findings of corpus-based typological studies pertain to universals of text production, for example, in prosodic partitioning; to cognitive biases constraining diverse patterns of use, for example, in constituent order; and to correlations of diverse patterns of use with language-specific structures and conventions. We also consider remaining challenges for corpus-based typology, in particular the development of crosslinguistically more representative corpora that include spoken (or signed) texts, and its vast potential in the future.
Intonation and Prosody in Creole Languages: An Evolving Ecology
Authors: Gooden Shelome
Published: January 2022

Research on the prosody and intonation of creole languages has largely remained an untapped resource, yet it is important for enriching our understanding of how or if their phonological systems changed or developed under contact. Further, their hybrid histories and current linguistic ecologies present descriptive and analytical treasure troves. This has the potential to inform many areas of linguistic inquiry including contact effects on the typological classification of prosodic systems, socioprosodic variation (individual and community level), and the scope of diversity in prosodic systems among creole languages and across a variety of languages similarly influenced by language contact. Thus, this review highlights the importance of pushing beyond questions of creole language typology and genetic affiliation. I review the existing research on creole language prosody and intonation, provide some details on a few studies, and highlight some key challenges and opportunities for the subfield and for linguistics in general.
Speech and Language Outcomes in Adults and Children with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Tamati Terrin N. , Pisoni David B. , Moberly Aaron C.
Published: January 2022

Cochlear implants (CIs) represent a significant engineering and medical milestone in the treatment of hearing loss for both adults and children. In this review, we provide a brief overview of CI technology, describe the benefits that CIs can provide to adults and children who receive them, and discuss the specific limitations and issues faced by CI users. We emphasize the relevance of CIs to the linguistics community by demonstrating how CIs successfully provide access to spoken language. Furthermore, CI research can inform our basic understanding of spoken word recognition in adults and spoken language development in children. Linguistics research can also help us address the major clinical issue of outcome variability and motivate the development of new clinical tools to assess the unique challenges of adults and children with CIs, as well as novel interventions for individuals with poor outcomes.
Collaborative Improvement Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitor Electrodes by Loading MoS2 Nanosheets on Biomass Hierarchical Porous Carbon
Authors: Lin Qiao Jing , Wang Jing Mei , Chen Jian Hua , Yang Qian , Fang Li Jun , Huang Yong Dong
Published: January 2022

MoS2, a typical two-dimensional transition metal sulfide nanomaterial, has attracted much attention for supercapacitor electrode materials due to its high theoretical capacity. Herein, MoS2 nanosheets grown on a hierarchical porous carbon (HPGC) derived from pomelo peel are prepared via hydrothermal method. The curled MoS2 nanosheets grow and uniformly distribute on the conductive hierarchical porous carbon matrix, which made the electrodes materials possess a high specific surface area (320.2 m2 g−1). Simultaneously, the novel structure enhances the conductivity of MoS2, alleviates capacity attenuation and guarantees the interface stability. Furthermore, the MoS2/HPGC shows a great enhancement in supercapacitor performance and deliver a remarkable specific capacitance of 411.4 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1. The initial capacitance retention rate is approximately 94.3% after 2000 cycles. It turns out that the synergistic effects between the MoS2 nanosheets and HPGC contribute to high specific capacity, excellent rate performance and ultra-long cycle life. This work provides a new idea for the design and development of MoS2 composites as the electrode materials of supercapacitors.
Plasma-molten Metal and/or Liquid Interactions for Materials/Chemical Processing
Authors: Sunkara Mahendra Kumar
Published: January 2022

Several grand challenges in energy storage and conversion need the discovery of functional materials that many agree will be composed of complex compositions at nanoscale. In this regard, plasma based materials processing has been shown to be promising for combinatorial techniques and scalable processing. The use of plasma oxidation of liquid precursors allows for creation of metastable complex oxide particles with compositional control.1 A number of examples will be discussed in which the above two techniques are currently being used for accelerating the development of a variety of catalysts including electrocatalysts and materials for storage applications.

This talk will highlight our efforts to understand the role of plasmas under two categories: (a) the synergistic effects hydrogen and nitrogen plasma interactions with molten metals;2 and (b) the oxygen plasma-liquid droplet interactions.3 To gain insights into these mechanisms we have studied the interaction of hydrogen and nitrogen plasmas with low melting point metals, primarily with gallium. Absorption/desorption experiments as well as theoretical-computational calculations were performed. Experiments have shown an increment of adsorbed gaseous species into the molten metal in the presence of plasmas. In the case of oxygen plasma-liquid droplet interactions for creating complex oxides, the role of solvated electrons, oxygen radicals and heating effects will be discussed. Finally, the use of plasmas for achieving liquid phase epitaxial growth of GaN and related materials will be discussed.4

Author acknowledge primary funding support from NSF Solar Project (DMS 1125909), and NSF EPSCoR (1355438).

References

1. P. Ajayi, S. Kumari, D. Jaramillo-Cabanzo, J. Spurgeon, J. Jasinski and M.K. Sunkara, “A rapid and scalable method for making mixed metal oxide alloys for enabling accelerated materials discovery”, J. of Materials Research, 31 (11), 1596-1607(2016)

2. L. Carreon, D.F. Jaramillo-Cabanzo, I. Chaudhuri, M. Menon and M.K. Sunkara, “Synergistic interactions of H2 and N2 with molten gallium in the presence of plasma”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A,
36, 021303 (2018).

3. P. Ajayi, M. Z. Akram, W. H. Paxton, J. B. Jasinski and M. K. Sunkara, “Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms During Complex Oxide Formation Using Plasma Oxidation of Liquid Precursors”, Submitted (2019)

4. Jaramillo, J. Jasinski and M. Sunkara, “Liquid Phase Epitaxial Growth of Gallium Nitride”, Crystal Growth and Design, 19, 11, 6577-6585(2019)
Extended Ultimate‐Pit‐Limit Methodology for Optimizing Surface‐to‐Underground Mining Transition in Metal Mines
Authors: Ren Si-Tong , Liu Yang , Yang Xin-Yi , Tong Ding-Gui , Ren Gao-Feng
Published: January 2022

The transition from surface mining to underground is a critical issue for metal mines. The commonly cited procedure cored by ultimate‐pit‐limit (UPL) methodology is restricted to maximize the profit from both surface and underground mining, due to the absence of the integration of the profit from either of them. Under the target for such maximization, this study proposes a new optimization approach, which directly relates the design of open‐pit limit and underground stopes, by equalizing the marginal profit from either surface or underground mining. The variation of the crown pillar size is involved in this approach. The proposed approach is applied to the Dagushan iron mine, and results show the total profit increased from 3.79 billion CNYs (original design by conventional UPL methodology) to 4.17 billion CNYs (optimal design by the proposed approach), by 9.91%. Moreover, the marginal profit from surface and underground mining, as well as total profit, of all possible designs of surface‐to‐underground mining transition in Dagushan iron mine is calculated to validate the proposed approach. When the marginal profits satisfy the criterion of the proposed approach, the maximum value of the total profit appears, and this demonstrates the proposed approach is robust to maximize the total profit in surface‐to‐underground mining transition. This work contributes to existing literature studies primarily from practical aspect, by providing a unified approach to optimize the transition from surface to underground mining.
Verification of a Torsional Behaviour Prediction Model for Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete Beams
Authors: Chkheiwer Aqeel H. , Ahmed Mazin A. , Hassan Zahir M. N.
Published: January 2022

This study shows the torsional conduct of aggregate streaming beams of reinforced concrete recycling. Pure torsion was perceived for 15 reinforced concrete beams containing recycled concrete aggregates. The beams were grouped into five lengths and cross-sectional groups. The study’s principal parameters were the various percentages of longitudinal steel reinforcement and the proportions of recycled aggregates. The beams were purely twisted until failure and investigated for torsional and crack behaviour. The findings show that the beams with maximum steel enhancement and standard aggregate exhibited maximum cracking power and ultimate torsional strength. Recycled aggregates increased the presence of splitting and the ultimate strength, and the effects of steel strengthening in recycled beams were apparent. In a second analysis, the whole torsional reaction of the beams was analytically predicted. A soft truss model was used and matched with test results for standard beams. A strong compromise was generally reached.
Research on Spatial and Dynamic Planning Methods for Settlement Buildings Based on Data Mining
Authors: Chen Lin , Chen Xiaolong , Wang Hongxin , Zhu Lin , Lang Lingyun
Published: January 2022

Traditional settlements are widely concerned by academic circles for their unique settlement patterns, exquisite residential buildings, and rich historical and cultural connotations, and their protection and development is an important proposition for rural revitalization. Therefore, from the perspective of big data mining (BDM), this paper explores its application in architectural space and settlement protection of traditional settlements in Hainan and provides new ideas for the protection and renewal of traditional settlements in Hainan. The attribute elements of spatial data of settlement groups are analyzed by the decision tree classification mining method. In order to avoid the multivalued tendency of ID3 algorithm and improve the efficiency of decision tree generation by ID3 algorithm, an improved ID3 algorithm is proposed by introducing user interest and simplifying the calculation process of the algorithm. At the same time, the graph theory recognition method of grid pattern is proposed. Aiming at the intersection graph and direction relation graph of straight line pattern, grid pattern recognition is realized by solving the connectivity, intersection, and subsequent construction of the maximum complete subgraph. Experiments show that the improved ID3 algorithm has better running efficiency than the parallel algorithm based on cooccurrence matrix. The analysis of the architectural space of traditional settlements in Hainan will help us better grasp social activities and provide direction for the protection and renewal of traditional settlements from the perspective of tourists and residents.