bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the research potential of lexicographic complexes of folklore texts
Authors:   Kursk State University, Bobunova Mariya A.
Published: September 2024

The article deals with the lexicographic complexes of folklore texts and their research potential. The structure of the complexes and the principles of their creation are described. Each component of the complex is briefly characterized: folklore megatext, alphabetical frequency glossary, word list and concordance. The folklore megatext is viewed as a unified text that combines specific passportized texts related by genre and spatiotemporal characteristics. The alphabetical frequency glossary includes all megatext lexemes, arranged in alphabetical order, indicating the frequency of each word. It is created by means of a special computer program NewSlov. The word list represents language units in a descending order of frequency, and the concordance is an alphabetical list of all the words of the folklore megatext with the contexts of their usage. The basis of the first complexes was the collection The Great Russian Folk Songs. The choice was due to the authority of the collection, in which the texts are systematized according to the topical principle and are accompanied by the indication of the territory and the time of their recording. With the complex “Voronezh” as an example, the author shows that each component of the complex has an independent research value for studying the language of folklore of a particular genre and region. She emphasizes that the availability of different complexes created by the same research team based on the same principles allows carrying out comparative studies to identify the genre and territorial specificity of the folklore language. Certain examples demonstrate the opportunities of a comparative analysis of word lists of different folklore genres (non-ritual lyrics, epics, fairy tales), individual word-formation families (with the root skor- and sovet-) and even specific lexemes (adjective khudoy). The author concludes that lexicographic complexes bear high research potential. They combine focus on each linguistic phenomenon with attention to all the material and turn out to be a reliable instrument for solving urgent issues of linguistic studies of folklore related to the specifics of the language of different genres of folklore, territorial differentiation and idiolectic nature of folk song language. In addition, lexicographic complexes become a certain platform for creating dictionaries of various types, among which the already tested experimental forms stand out: contrastive dictionaries and dictionaries of a single word. The prospects for further lexicographic work are outlined. They are connected with the expansion of the source base of complexes of folklore texts and the application of this idea in authorial lexicography. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
Knowledge of nurse and care of premature newborn
Authors: Iparraguirre Salas Stephanie Cristina , Chunga Medina Janet Julia
Published: September 2024

The objective of the research was to determine the relationship between the nurse's level of knowledge and the care of the premature newborn in the Neonatology service of the Eleazar Guzmán Barrón Hospital, Nuevo Chimbote, 2022. The sample universe consisted of 31 nurses working in the Neonatology service, who met the inclusion criteria. The instruments used were the Questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge of the nurse and the checklist for determining nursing care of the preterm infant. The information collected was processed in the IBM SPSS STATISTICS Version 27 program. The results showed that the level of knowledge of nurses was high in 48.4 percent; regular by 45.2 percent and low by 6.4 percent; nurses' care was adequate in 83.9 percent and inadequate in 16.1 percent. It is concluded that there is a highly significant relationship between the level of knowledge and care of the nurse in the preterm newborn (p=0.001).
Commercial management and value creation in a financial institution
Authors: Vega A. Vanessa Y. , Espinoza S. Náser A.
Published: September 2024

This scientific review aims to understand how commercial management and value creation are developed in a financial institution. To do this, studies have been reviewed, mainly based on Scopus, among others. Of all the studies found, only 32 were selected, given that they were the most accurate and consistent with the study topics, considering from 2001 to the present, exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied; as well as search keywords. During the investigation, it was found that banks use commercial management as an investment to attract customers using different advertising media, whether virtual or printed; As well as, they seek to provide and create value for customers, and thus satisfy them with the services and products they offer.
The erosion of governance: A review of the causes, consequences and paths to follow from the territory
Authors: Torres Vanegas Magdiel
Published: September 2024

This article systematically reviews territorial governance and its erosion as critical factors in the planning and management of emerging cities, with a particular focus on the Peruvian context. The erosion of governance, characterized by decreasing effectiveness in territorial administration and regulation, presents significant challenges for achieving sustainable urban development and strengthening democracy. The research highlights how the lack of operational planning and management instruments, together with low data-driven public action contributes to this erosion, negatively affecting territorial articulation and service provision. In response, territorial governance is proposed as a renewed paradigm that emphasizes comprehensiveness, citizen participation and adaptability to address these challenges. It is argued that, through the strength of territorial governance, it is possible to foster sustainability, equity and social cohesion in emerging cities. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of integrating territorial governance into territorial planning and management processes to counteract the negative effects of urban development and promote a more resilient and democratic future for Peruvian cities.
Catamenial Hemoptysis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yıldırım Hasan Emre , Çamaş Hasan Ekrem , Akın Süleyman Emre , Yazkan Rasih
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Thoracic endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis. It is divided into pleural and pulmonary forms, and pleural endometriosis is more common. Our patient was a 33-year-old patient who had been complaining of hemoptysis due to a menstrual cycle for 4 months and had no comorbidities. Computed tomography of the thorax during menstruation when the patient complained of hemoptysis showed a ground-glass density in the upper lobe of the right lung, which was significantly reduced on computed tomography after the end of menstruation.
Use of Oral Gentamicin in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency and Recurrent Campylobacter coli Bacteremia: A Case Report
Authors: Miriam Gendive Martín , Lizar Aguirre Pascasio , Concepción Salado Marín , Sandra Maeso
Published: September 2024

Immunosuppressed patients are more at risk of suffering bacteremias due to atypical microorganisms such as Campylobacter coli, which can colonize their intestinal mucosa due to the absence of IgA, the main immunoglobulin of the mucosa and which is not provided with intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment. We have recently had a case of a 5-year-old girl with autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia with recurrent Campylobacter coli bacteremia and positive stool cultures for the same microorganism. She was treated with intravenous antibiotherapy and given the recurrence of bacteremia, oral gentamicin was associated with this treatment to try to achieve intestinal eradication of the germ. Oral gentamicin was well tolerated, gave no side effects, and managed to eradicate the microorganism 6 months after the end of treatment. We want to reflect the scarce literature on the use of oral gentamicin, the dose and duration of treatment, and the good evolution of our patient with the regimen used.
USDA LTAR Common Experiment measurement: Saturated hydraulic conductivity v1
Authors: P. Schreiner-McGraw Adam , Baffaut Claire
Published: September 2024

The saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) represents the speed at which a fluid can move through a porous medium, and it is a fundamental parameter that governs water flow through soil or rock. Darcy’s law governs one-dimensional flow through a porous medium: Q = Ksat (dh/dx) (Equation 1) where Q is the flux of water [m/s], Ksat is the saturated hydraulic conductivity [m/s], and dh/dx is the gradient in the hydraulic head [m/m]. More complicated forms of Darcy’s equation apply to representing three-dimensional flow in a saturated medium. Additionally, flow in an unsaturated medium, as is often the case in soil, is represented through equations such as Richards’ equation, based on Darcy’s law. Usually, the saturated hydraulic conductivity is the most important parameter governing water flow in the saturated zone. The basic idea when measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity is to saturate the medium (i.e., the soil) and measure how quickly water moves through it. This procedure can be quite simple. For example, the lab setup that formed the basis of Darcy’s experiments in the 1850s was homogenous sand placed in a tube with a known gradient in the hydraulic head so that Ksat could be calculated from Eqn. 1. The setup becomes more complicated in the field, where the soil is heterogeneous; we are typically interested in a bulk estimate of Ksat in a soil that is nonuniform and may contain soil cracks or holes from roots or worms. It is also difficult to completely saturate a soil column in the field and control the applied hydraulic gradient. The techniques presented here help account for these challenges.
Hydrogel Microparticles as Force Sensors: Synthesis and Application in Phagocytosis Studies v1
Authors: Mali Alvja , Peeters Youri , Srinivas Mangala , Vorselen Daan
Published: September 2024

We provide a protocol for the synthesis of tuneable hydrogel microparticles (HMPs), and their application to measure forces during phagocytosis by macrophages. A specific type of deformabale acrylamide-based HMP, DAAM-particles, are synthesized in batch using a membrane emulsification approach. They then are conjugated with both biologically active molecules and fluorescent labels in a one-pot functionalization procedure. Macrophages are incubated with the functionalized DAAM-particles and imaged by regular confocal microscopy. With a custom image analysis strategy, local DAAM-particle deformations can be quantified with superresolution accuracy (< 50 nm) in 3D throughout phagocytosis. Finally, normal and shear forces can be inferred from the 3D shape of DAAM-particles, revealing the spatial distribution of cellular forces. The entire protocol takes 2-3 days and requires only basic expertise in mammalian cell culture and fluorescence microscopy, and minimal specialized equipment. This protocol can be adapted for studying several other cellular processes, and thereby broadly applied in mechanobiology and immune cell biology.
A rare cause of duodenal perforation: choledochal stent-related early luminal perforation
Authors: Baykan Ahmed Ramiz , Özdemir Yılmaz
Published: September 2024

A 65-year-old female patient was admitted with choledocholithiasis. An amsterdam type stent was placed in the common bile duct due to non-removal stone in endoscopic retrograde cholangiography procedure. We will report a rare case of opposite wall duodenal perforation due to early stent migration and the non-surgical follow-up of the patient.
The future of diagnosis: artificial intelligence and advancing technologies in radiology
Authors: Bozer Ahmet
Published: September 2024

The transformative impact of AI on radiology extends across a broad spectrum from emergency cases to chronic diseases and oncological conditions. The documented successes underscore the critical role of ongoing research in this field, emphasizing its paramount importance in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, saving lives, and providing improved services to healthcare professionals
The impact of life events on child and adolescent psychiatry consultations
Authors: Gül Melike Kevser , Güneş Salih , Özdemir Esra , Özmen Sevgi
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Children are exposed to many adverse life events, and this may cause psychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two different life events, the COVID-19 pandemic and the earthquake, on the consultations requested.
Materials and Methods: 1268 consultations requested from the child and adolescent psychiatry department between March 2019 and March 2023 were reviewed from hospital records. The specified period was divided into four distinct parts with one-year intervals: pre-pandemic, the first year of the pandemic, the second year of the pandemic, and post-pandemic. The age, gender, diagnoses of the cases, the department requesting consultation and the reason for consultation were recorded.
Results: There were statistically significant differences between periods in terms of departments requested consultation, consultation reasons, and diagnoses. Compared to previous periods, a decrease was found in pediatric emergency and general pediatric clinic consultations in the post-pandemic period. In contrast, an increase was seen in nephrology and intensive care unit department consultations because of earthquakes. In the first year of the pandemic, more consultations were requested from the hematology & oncology department compared to other years. While the rate of consultations requested for suicide attempts decreased in the post-pandemic period, consultations for psychiatric assessment increased.
Conclusion: Consultation-liaison psychiatry, which is at the center of interdisciplinary interaction, maintains its importance in the prevention and early diagnosis of psychological symptoms that can develop due to both organic events and the effect of trauma itself after the life events.
Can lung anatomy predict the development of COVID-19 pneumonia in RT-PCR positive cases?
Authors: Acar Türker , Büyüktoka Raşit Eren , Yüce Yörük Elif Aylin , Özkan Özdemir Hülya , Koç Ali Murat , Altın Levent , Öksüzler Mahmut , Ertürk Mete
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and anatomical characteristics, including tracheobronchial and fissure variations, right/left main bronchus angle, carina angle, and large airway diameter, in patients who tested positive for the virus via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the outset of the pandemic.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 165 cases with positive RT-PCR tests who were admitted between March and June 2020 and subsequently scanned with thin-section unenhanced chest computed tomography (CT). They were divided into two groups according to the presence of pneumonia based on the chest CT images.
Results: In our study, a total of 165 cases were analyzed, pneumonia was found in 35 of 76 (46.05%) female patients and 51 of 89 (57.30%) male patients. COVID-19 pneumonia was observed in older age groups. Anatomical variations and the presence of incomplete fissures were statistically higher in the pneumonia-positive group, while the difference was not statistically significant for accessory fissures. Mean tracheal area and right main bronchus angle were statistically higher in the pneumonia-positive group compared to the negative patients. The right lung was more involved than the left in terms of both zonal and total lung involvement. When the presence of comorbidity was assessed, 59 patients (35.75%) were found to have comorbidity. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease were significantly higher among comorbidities in the pneumonia-positive group. The regression model showed that hypertension was associated with a 3.75-fold increase in COVID-19 pneumonia in test positive cases.
Conclusion: Anatomical lung variations and incomplete fissures were observed more frequently in the COVID-19 pneumonia cases, independent of other comorbidities. We believe that there are anatomical variables that can be used to identify those predisposed to pneumonia in RT-PCR test positive cases.
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in the neuronal cells model
Authors: Ünay Simge
Published: September 2024

This research aims to investigate the impacts of quercetin and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on undifferentiated and nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells experiencing cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. PC12 cells treated with cisplatin were simultaneously exposed to quercetin and LLLT. We evaluated the effects of quercetin and LLLT on the expression of GAP-43 and Synapsin I genes through real-time PCR, cell viability using MTT assay, apoptosis induction via Annexin and dead assay, mitochondrial potential alterations using a mitopotential assay, and lactate dehydrogenase activity analysis in cells. Our findings revealed that cisplatin led to increased apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and LDH activity, while reducing cell viability and inhibiting the expression of GAP-43 and Synapsin I genes in both undifferentiated and differentiated PC12 cells. However, the application of quercetin and LLLT resulted in decreased apoptosis, mitochondrial potential alterations, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. We propose further investigation into the in vivo effects of quercetin and low-level laser therapy on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, as well as exploring the molecular relationship between quercetin and low-level laser therapy.
Investigation of the effects of tadalafil on the myocardium via electrical and isometric contractions and cardiac markers in Wistar rats
Authors: Altıntaş Aykan Duygun , Yaman Selma , Seyithanoğlu Muhammed , Aykan Ahmet Çağrı
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Tadalafil, a long-acting phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, is commonly used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This study investigates the contribution of tadalafil in cardiac function by measuring isometric and electrical contractions of myocardium in rats.
Materials and Methods: Thirty rats were divided into five groups. Basal electrical contractions were recorded via electrocardiogram (ECG) for intervals PR (ms), QRS (ms), QT (ms), Tp (ms), Te (ms), pathological Q and heart beats/min. Then group 1 received saline for 7 days (control); group 2 received tadalafil 1 mg/kg; group 3 received tadalafil 10 mg/kg; group 4 received tadalafil 1 mg/kg for 7 days; group 5 received tadalafil 10 mg/kg for 7 days. After treatments, electrical contractions were re-performed to analyze the differences in ECG. For isometric contractions, hearts were connected to isometric power transducer to determine myocardial contractile forces (g), durations (ms) and frequencies (Hz). Serum samples were collected for cardiac creatine kinase (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I via ELISA.
Results: We found a significant decrease in CK-MB in Group 2 (395.56±124.38 pg/ml) and 3 (377.81±79.61 pg/ml), compared to Group 1 (575.32±83.54 pg/ml). The differences in cardiac contractile forces, contraction durations or frequencies were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Tadalafil did not exert obvious distruption on myocardial electrical or isometrical contractions. It is noteworthy that tadalafil 1 and 10 mg/kg reduced serum CK-MB. Shortening in QT and decrease in heart rate may have important implications on myocardial functions.
Predicting mortality of pulmonary thromboembolism in cancer patients with a new scoring system: mPESI
Authors: Balkan Feray , Dişel N. Rana , Koca Senem , Dağlıoğlu Gülçin , Özyılmaz Ezgi , Akıllı Rabia , Türker Merve , Taşkın Ömer , Açıkalın Akpınar Ayça
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Although the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) is frequently used, assessing the severity of pulmonary thromboembolism in cancer patients is not sufficient for prognostic evaluation. In this study, we aimed to designate a scoring system to determine the prognosis of newly diagnosed pulmonary thromboembolism in adult cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was held in an emergency department of a university hospital. Patients were classified according to their PESI scores. The echocardiography results, blood gas analyses, lactate, d-dimer, and N-terminus pro-Brain natriuretic peptide levels of the patients were evaluated to prognosticate mortality.
Results: Among 53 patients included, 13 mortalities occurred. The mortality was 38.8% (5/23) in PESI Class 3, 7.7% (1/12) in PESI Class 4, and 53.8% (7/10) in PESI Class 5 while none in the 8 patients in PESI Class 2. The mortality in the first 24 hours was 23%, 53.9% in the first month, and 23.1% in 1-3 months. According to the cut-off values determined, a scoring called ‘mPESI’ was developed by giving one point each for d-dimer >24.28 µg/mL, N-terminus pro-Brain natriuretic peptide >1340 pg/mL, blood pH
In vitro effects of ursolic acid on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Berköz Mehmet , Çetiner Maryenur
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Ursolic acid is a small pentacyclic triterpene molecule composed of isoprenoid units. Although ursolic acid has been shown to be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in many studies, very little research has been conducted on bone diseases caused by bone loss. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ursolic acid on osteoclast formation with the aim of finding herbal medicines that inhibit osteoclast function to strengthen bones and promote vitality in old age.
Materials and Methods: RAW264.7 murine macrophages were used in our study and cells were treated with 100 ng/mL RANKL for osteoclastic differentiation. The effects of ursolic acid treatment on cell viability, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) formation and osteoclastic gene expression levels were then measured.
Results: Our results showed that ursolic acid did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity (3.2-9.8%) at concentrations of 2.5-10 µg/mL. Furthermore, ursolic acid inhibited osteoclast differentiation (15.2-39.1%) and suppressed the expression of osteoclastic genes such as cathepsin K (3.8-22.3%), TRAP (16.3-48. 7%), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) (10.7-40.2%), nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) (1.2-29.7%), c-Fos (0.9-13.8%) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) (2.2-21.6%).
Conclusion: Ursolic acid has been shown to inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and therefore we believe that ursolic acid may be used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
Children presenting with toe walking: when should concern arise?
Authors: Üstün Canan , Menderes Deniz , Özbudak Pınar , Öncel Elif Perihan , Konuşkan Bahadır
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate children who present with tiptoe walking (TW) and to identify potential indicators of underlying medical conditions.
Materials and Methods: Out of the 248 patients who visited the Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic for gait disturbances, 90 individuals aged 1-17 years were identified as exhibiting TW. After excluding those with systemic neurological diseases and pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), the study ultimately included 47 patients. Results: Among the participants, 19 were female (40.5%) and 28 were male (59.5%). The mean age of the patients was 4.9 years (SD ± 3.53). When evaluating the etiology of TW, 30 patients (63.8%) were found to have idiopathic tiptoe walking (ITW), 8 (17%) had cerebral palsy (CP), 6 (12.7%) had Achilles tendon shortness (ATS), 2 (4.2%) had hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), and 1 (2.1%) had syringomyelia. Imaging was not performed for 17 patients (36.1%), while cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted for 13 (27.6%), spinal MRI for 2 (4.2%), and both cranial and spinal MRI for 15 (31.9%). Pathology was detected in 5 of the patients who underwent imaging (10.6%): 4 (8.5%) showed hypoxic-ischemic processes, and 1 (2.1%) showed syringomyelia.
Conclusion: In cases where patients exhibit normal neurological examinations and neuromotor development, TW is often identified as idiopathic. However, for patients presenting with risk factors in their personal or family history, delays in neuromotor milestones, or abnormal neurological findings, a diagnosis should be pursued at an earlier stage.
The association between triglyceride-glucose atherogenic predictor index and central retinal artery occlusion
Authors: Katipoğlu Zeynep , Turan Meydan
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an acute ischemic event causing severe visual loss and is a precursor to further cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) indicates insulin resistance in healthy individuals. Numerous research links the TyG index to metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and new-onset diabetes. Recent research also suggests its role as a sign of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases, with potential clinical significance in assessing vascular damage. In this study, the relationship between CRAO and TyG index was evaluated.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study involved 116 adults (50 CRAO patients and 66 control subjects without chronic eye diseases) at our hospital from January 2018 to March 2023. The TyG index was formulated as ln[fasting TG (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2].
Results: The CRAO group had a mean age of 65.0±14.7 years, with 27 (55.1 % 54) females. The control group had a mean age of 61.2±12.1 years, with 32 (48.5) females. The mean TyG index was 9.05±0.7 in the CRAO group and 8.7±0.7 in controls, a statistically significant difference. Univariate regression analysis showed an association between the TyG index and CRAO (OR=2.04; CI: 1.11-3.73). This association remained significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR=1.88; CI: 1.01-3.50).
Conclusion: This study found a significantly higher mean TyG index, an atherogenic indicator, in CRAO patients compared to controls.
The role of thrombocyte indices in early determination of sepsis agents in newborns
Authors: Barutçu Adnan , Özlü Ferda , Yapıcıoğlu Hacer , Ünal İlker
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis are nonspecific, and there is no ideal marker for diagnosis. Our study aimed to investigate the role of platelet indices in determining agents in sepsis.
Materials and Methods: A total of 90 records with sepsis data were examined retrospectively, demographic and clinical characteristics of gram-positive, gram-negative and Candida infection patients were evaluated by complete blood counts at the time of diagnosis and on the fifth day of infection and platelet amount (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT) and distribution width (PDW) values were compared by ROC curve analysis.
Results: No statistical difference was found between the groups in terms of gender, gestational week, birth weight, surfactant use, need for mechanical ventilator treatment, and necrotizing enterocolitis. When infection was first detected, the Area Under Curve (AUC) of PCT, PLT and MPV (without thrombocytopenia) values in detecting gram-positive bacterial infection were 0.764, 0.765 and 0.792 respectively.
Conclusion: The increase in PCT and PLT values at the time of initial diagnosis can be used to detect gram-positive bacterial infections. A decrease in MPV can be used for early diagnosis of fungal infections without thrombocytopenia.
Hemodynamic profiles in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Doppler ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool for pulsatile tinnitus
Authors: Ağırcan Dilek , Demir Mehmet
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the role of ophthalmic Doppler ultrasonography (USG) in differentiating IIH patients with and without bilateral PT by analyzing hemodynamic changes in the orbital vessels.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, single-center, case-control study was conducted at Harran University from November 2023 to June 2024. The study included 20 IIH patients. Participants underwent clinical assessments, ophthalmic evaluations, brain imaging, lumbar puncture, and transorbital sonography. IIH patients were categorized into PT (n=8) and non-PT (n=12) groups. Doppler USG measured end-diastolic velocity (EDV), peak systolic velocity (PSV), time-averaged velocity (TAV), resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and systolic to the diastolic ratio (S/D) of the central retinal artery.
Results: Significant differences were observed in left eye EDV and TAV, with lower values in the PT group. Although not statistically significant, right-eye EDV and TAV also trended lower in the PT group. Additionally, both eyes' PSV values showed a trend toward statistical significance, being lower in the PT group. ROC curve analysis identified optimal thresholds for left eye EDV (5.35; sensitivity 75%, specificity 83.33%) and TAV (9; sensitivity 50%, specificity 91.67%).
Conclusion: Orbital Doppler USG reveals distinct hemodynamic profiles in IIH patients with PT, suggesting EDV and TAV as potential biomarkers. Larger cohort studies are needed to validate and clarify IIH-PT mechanisms.
Evaluation of different algorithm schemes in the laboratory diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Trak Gülay , Yeşiloğlu Cihan , Öngen Betigül
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Clostridioides difficile infection is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, particularly in healthcare settings. This study aims to evaluate the applicability, speed, cost-effectiveness, and diagnostic accuracy of different laboratory algorithm schemes for C. difficile infection in a routine clinical setting.
Materials and Methods: A total of 479 stool samples from patients suspected of having C. difficile infection were analyzed using glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme immunoassay, toxin A/B enzyme immunoassay, toxigenic culture, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and overall diagnostic accuracy of these methods were assessed when applied in different algorithmic sequences.
Results: Of the 479 samples, 52 were positive for glutamate dehydrogenase antigen. Polymerase chain reaction exhibited the highest sensitivity, detecting
C. difficile in 55.8% of glutamate dehydrogenase -positive samples, followed by toxigenic culture at 25.0%, and toxin A/B enzyme immunoassay at 23.1%. The combination of glutamate dehydrogenase screening followed by polymerase chain reaction was the most effective diagnostic approach, offering both high sensitivity and cost-effectiveness.
Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of a multi-step diagnostic algorithm, particularly starting with glutamate dehydrogenase screening followed by PCR, to improve the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of C. difficile infection diagnosis. These findings support the need for tailored diagnostic strategies based on laboratory resources and patient population characteristics.
Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi di Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Kota Malang pada Pembelajaran Matematika di Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Ronald Ronald , Rahmania Lidya Amalia
Published: September 2024

Pembelajaran matematika berfokus pada pengembangan kreativitas, bakat, dan po­tensi siswa dengan cara yang interaktif, menantang, menginspirasi, menyenangkan, dan bermakna. Siswa dapat berkembang secara fisik dan psikologis sesuai dengan tingkat perkembangan mereka. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan gagasan tentang pembel­ajaran berdiferensiasi. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi merupakan upaya untuk menye­suaikan proses pembelajaran untuk memenuhi kebutuhan belajar setiap siswa. Saat ini, penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi masih terbatas. Peneliti melakukan tinjau­an pustaka terkait topik tersebut dari segi konten, prosedur, produk, dan lingkungan belajar. Tujuan dari tinjauan pustaka ini adalah untuk (1) menjelaskan apa itu pembel­ajaran berdiferensiasi, (2) menjelaskan prinsip dan karakteristik pembelajaran berdi­ferensiasi, dan (3) mengobservasi bagaimana pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dapat di­terapkan dalam pembelajaran matematika. Tinjauan pustaka ini didasarkan pada artikel ilmiah dan buku. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pendekatan berdiferen­siasi dapat digabungkan dengan berbagai model pembelajaran yang disesuaikan deng­an gaya belajar siswa, seperti Problem Based Learning (PBL), Project Based Learning (PjBL), dan model lainnya yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa; (2) pendekatan ini lebih menarik dan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa; dan (3) pendekatan ini dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika karena dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan belajar siswa yang disesuaikan dengan gaya belajar mereka dan minat mereka.
Perspektif Mahasiswa PPG Prajabatan terhadap Implementasi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi sebagai Strategi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Belajar Siswa
Authors: Fransisca Windy , Dewi Radeni Sukma Indra
Published: September 2024

Setiap individu memiliki perbedaan. Keberagaman ini juga tampak di dalam kelas. Keberagaman tersebut harus difasilitasi dengan baik oleh guru agar siswa dapat memperoleh pembelajaran sesuai dengan kebutuhan belajarnya. Beberapa ahli menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran berdiferensiasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk dapat memfasilitasi keberagaman tersebut. Oleh karena itu, peneliti melakukan penelitian ini  dengan tujuan memaparkan perspektif mahasiswa PPG Prajabatan terkait implementasi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi yang telah dilakukan di tempat PPL sebagai strategi pemenuhan kebutuhan belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Terdapat empat mahasiswa PPG Prajabatan sebagai responden dari penelitian ini. Pemilihan  responden didasarkan pada teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis Miles Huberman meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan pemahaman siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Selain itu, pembelajaran berdiferensiasi juga dapat digunakan sebagai strategi pemenuhan kebutuhan belajar siswa.
Pembentukan Nilai Karakter Toleransi bagi Peserta Didik Tunagrahita Ditinjau dari Objek Kajian Filsafat Ilmu Aksiologi
Authors: Sunandar Asep , Abdillah Agni , Arum D.E Diajeng Sekar , Oktafiyani Dina Fitri , Fisilky Farodhiana , Kusuma Raedix Desta
Published: September 2024

Pembentukan nilai karakter toleransi bagi peserta didik tunagrahita memerlukan pendekatan yang spesifik dan efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran filsafat ilmu aksiologi dalam membentuk nilai karakter toleransi pada peserta didik tunagrahita. Dengan melakukan tinjauan pustaka terhadap konsep toleransi, pentingnya toleransi dalam pendidikan, dan tantangan yang dihadapi peserta didik tunagrahita, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa filsafat ilmu aksiologi memiliki peran kunci dalam meningkatkan toleransi. Filsafat ini dapat menumbuhkan empati, pemahaman, dan rasa hormat terhadap keberagaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi filsafat ilmu aksiologi ke dalam kurikulum dapat membantu peserta didik tunagrahita mengembangkan nilai karakter toleransi yang esensial untuk perkembangan sosial dan emosional mereka. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini menyarankan pendidik dan pengambil keputusan untuk mengintegrasikan filsafat ilmu aksiologi dalam sistem pendidikan, guna meningkatkan toleransi di kalangan peserta didik tunagrahita. Pendekatan ini diharapkan dapat memperkuat kemampuan peserta didik dalam menghadapi perbedaan dan berkontribusi pada kehidupan sosial yang lebih harmonis dan inklusif.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi pada Mata Pelajaran IPS dalam Usaha Memenuhi Kebutuhan Belajar Siswa di SMP
Authors: Sagita Wilda Nurfi Dera , Irawan Listyo Yudha , Sutoyo Sutoyo
Published: September 2024

Upaya pembelajaran yang berdiferensiasi bertujuan untuk mengubah cara pengajaran di dalam kelas agar lebih sesuai dengan kebutuhan di dalam kelas untuk mencukupi kebutuhan belajar individu anak didik. Kebutuhan belajar siswa dibagi menjadi tiga hal, yaitu kesiapan belajar, ketertarikan, dan karakter belajar. Sasaran dari penelitian ini adalah membuat lingkungan kelas yang inklusif dengan membagikan peluang kepada setiap siswa untuk memahami materi, mengem-bangkan gagasan, dan meningkatkan kemampuan belajar mereka semaksimal mungkin. Studi ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menerapkan metode pembelajaran berdiferensiasi yang membedakan setiap kebutuhan belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 16 Malang, khususnya dalam mata pelajaran IPS, dengan fokus pada peran guru IPS. Pendekatan penelitian yang dipakai adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian menunjukkan di SMPN 16 Malang, pembelajaran berdiferensiasi, terutama di bidang studi IPS, sudah dimulai menggunakan tes diagnostik untuk menilai kebutuhan belajar, minat, dan karakteristik belajar siswa. Namun, implementasi tersebut masih belum optimal karena konsep pembelajaran berdiferensiasi masih baru bagi mereka. Meskipun begitu, langkah-langkah penerapan dimulai dengan penekanan pada proses, konten dan produk pembelajaran.
Inovasi Pembelajaran IPS: Pengembangan Gimkit pada Materi Hindu Budha Kelas VII
Authors: Ar Rosyid Hofi Hannan , Wonorahardjo Surjani
Published: September 2024

Industri game telah menjadi salah satu sektor yang sangat populer di abad ke-21, dengan pemanfaatan game dalam pendidikan sebagai inovasi yang signifikan. Pendekatan ini tidak hanya berfokus pada pencapaian hasil belajar, tetapi juga menekankan proses pembelajaran yang kreatif dan kolaboratif. Salah satu platform yang menonjol adalah Gimkit, sebuah game online yang memungkinkan pengguna berpartisipasi dalam satu server yang sama, menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran interaktif dan kompetitif. Penggunaan Gimkit didukung oleh model ASSURE, yang mencakup observasi, perencanaan, hingga implementasi dan evaluasi. Penelitian terhadap Gimkit menunjukkan hasil validasi oleh ahli media dan materi dengan persentase 89 persen, yang menunjukkan bahwa platform ini layak digunakan dalam pendidikan formal. Selain itu, Gimkit memudahkan pendidik dalam melakukan evaluasi secara real-time, memungkinkan guru memantau kemajuan belajar siswa, memberikan umpan balik langsung, dan menyesuaikan strategi pengajaran. Dengan demikian, Gimkit tidak hanya meningkatkan efisiensi waktu dalam pembelajaran, tetapi juga mendukung keterlibatan aktif siswa serta pengembangan keterampilan abad ke-21 seperti kolaborasi, pemecahan masalah, dan berpikir kritis.
Mengintegrasikan Permainan Tradisional dalam Kurikulum Sekolah Dasar: Pendekatan Filosofis untuk Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Astuti Wiji , Thohir M. Anas
Published: September 2024

Permainan tradisional di Indonesia merupakan bagian penting dari warisan budaya yang mengandung nilai-nilai luhur seperti kerja sama, kejujuran, dan disiplin. Namun, dalam konteks pendidikan modern, integrasi permainan tradisional dalam kurikulum sekolah dasar sering terabaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana integrasi permainan tradisional dapat memperkuat pendidikan karakter dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuasi-eksperimental dengan desain pretest-posttest. Sampel diambil secara acak dari 1 kelas di SDN Mergosono 3, dan data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, observasi partisipatif, dan wawancara dengan guru dan siswa. Intervensi dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan permainan tradisional dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, diikuti dengan diskusi tentang nilai-nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam permainan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam aspek-aspek pendidikan karakter, termasuk kerja sama dan kejujuran, setelah intervensi. Observasi dan wawancara mendukung temuan ini, dengan perubahan positif dalam perilaku siswa dan peningkatan partisipasi dalam kelas. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa permainan tradisional dapat menjadi alat yang efektif untuk mendukung pendidikan karakter dan memperkuat hubungan antar siswa.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Games TGT dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Peserta Didik pada Mata Pelajaran IPS
Authors: Ni’matuzzuriyah Ni’matuzzuriyah
Published: September 2024

Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) merupakan mata pelajaran wajib dan penting bagi peserta didik Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). Namun, partisipasi peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran IPS sering kali rendah. Untuk meng­atasi permasalahan ini, upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran berbasis permainan, yaitu Teams Games Tournaments (TGT). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan hasil imple­mentasi model pembelajaran berbasis games TGT dalam meningkatkan partisipasi peserta didik pada mata pelajaran IPS. Pendekatan yang diguna­kan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas 8E di SMP Negeri 16 Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi observasi, studi dokumentasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran TGT secara signifikan meningkatkan tingkat partisipasi peserta didik dalam pembel­ajaran IPS. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran yang interaktif dan menyenangkan dapat meningkatkan minat dan keterlibatan siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar.
Identifikasi Urgensi Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik PPG Prajabatan dalam Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru
Authors: Setiawan Diah Apriliani
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pentingnya pengaruh motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik terhadap profesionalisme peserta didik dalam konteks belajar dan bekerja. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan menganalisis literatur dari berbagai sumber akademis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa moti­vasi memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan kualitas tindakan atau perilaku peserta didik. Peserta didik dengan tingkat motivasi yang tinggi cenderung menunjukkan peri­laku yang lebih produktif, proaktif, dan efektif dalam menghadapi tantangan sehari-hari. Selain itu, motivasi yang kuat juga berkontribusi pada peningkatan kinerja, kepuas­an kerja, dan prestasi akademik. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mendalam ten­tang bagaimana motivasi mem­pengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan peserta didik dan menekankan pentingnya upaya untuk memahami dan menumbuhkan motivasi sebagai kunci keberhasilan dalam mencapai kinerja dan tujuan hidup yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini juga menggarisbawahi perlunya pengembangan strategi pendidikan dan pelatihan yang dapat meningkatkan motivasi, baik intrinsik maupun ekstrinsik, guna mendukung profesionalisme peserta didik dalam jangka panjang. Temuan ini penting untuk para pen­didik, pengelola institusi pendidikan, dan pembuat kebijakan dalam merancang prog­ram yang efektif untuk memotivasi peserta didik dan meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan serta profesionalisme di masa depan.
Applications and Practices of Big Data for Development
Authors: Adusumalli Harshini Priya , Pasupuleti Mahesh Babu
Published: September 2024

Daily, vast volumes of public data are generated due to the expansion of social media sites, digital computing devices, and Internet connectivity. Effective data analysis techniques/algorithms can provide near real-time knowledge regarding emerging patterns and early warning in case of an emergency (such as the outbreak of a viral disease). These data can also disclose several helpful indicators of socioeconomic and political events that can assist formulate effective public policy. This study examines the use of big data analytics for human development. As big data technology matures, it will be possible to use it for development purposes, such as addressing humanitarian crises or violent conflicts. The large-scale use of big data for development is fraught with obstacles due to its huge quantity, rapid change, and diversity. The most urgent challenges are effective data collection and exchange, providing context (e.g., geolocation and time), and ensuring data accuracy and privacy. This study reviews existing big data for development studies to assess the impact of big data on society's development. We examine major efforts while also highlighting obstacles and unresolved issues.
Reinforcement Learning Techniques for Autonomous Robotics
Authors: Thompson Christopher Ryan , Talla Rajasekhar Reddy , Gummadi Jaya Chandra Srikanth , Kamisetty Arjun
Published: September 2024

This paper examines reinforcement learning (RL) methods for autonomous robots and their strengths, weaknesses, and applications. The main goals are to assess sophisticated RL algorithms in robotics, identify problems, and suggest improvements. This secondary data-based review synthesizes current research on Deep Q-networks (DQN), policy gradient techniques, model-based approaches, and hierarchical RL. These strategies improve robotic learning by boosting sample efficiency, managing continuous actions, and enhancing real-time performance. Still, they also confront sim-to-real gaps, safety issues, and high computing demands. The paper recommends investing in simulation-to-reality transfer research, safety measures, and computational tools to solve these constraints. The study emphasizes the revolutionary potential of RL in autonomous robots and the need for continuing innovation and supporting policy to overcome limitations and fully harness RL capabilities in practical applications.
Combining Web Analytics and a Web-Based User Survey for LibGuides Assessment
Authors: Howard Carmen , Scoulas Jung Mi , Berry Allan , Lauseng Deborah L.
Published: September 2024

Method name(s)
Web/Data Analytics; Web Survey; Project Outcome Model
Objective
The aim of this method is to assess an online library guide, using both qualitativeand quantitative methods, with the specific objective of discovering who is using the guideand why, as well as understanding the impact of the guide on user learning outcomes.Approach: This method combines the use of web/data analytics (quantitative) and aweb-based survey (quantitative and qualitative) with an existing model for measuring learningoutcomes. By combining these methods, a more robust assessment of an online guide can beachieved.
Data Type Used
The discussed online guide assessment used data from Google Analyticsand from a web-based survey, created in Qualtrics, with learning outcome questionsdeveloped using the Project Outcome for Academic Libraries Toolkit.
Strengths
The combined analysis of the web analytics and survey data resulted in anexpanded assessment of the library guide and a richer picture of guide users, their behavior,and their learning outcomes.
Limitations
Individually, each method used in this research has limitations. Web analyticsare unable to determine users’ motivation (why) for using the guide and whether they havelearned (impact) from their behavior/interaction while using the guide. Surveys collectself-reported data and may be subject to recall bias. However, when the methods arecombined, each helps to counteract the individual limitations.