bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Polyvagal's Theory in Immigrants' Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alama Ernie Z. , MacCallum Donald , Celis Sherrisa
Published: August 2022

The College of Researchers for Development Society (CORDS) explores the experiences and effects of COVID-19 on Canadians. A section of the study explores and examines the COVID-19 experiences of immigrants in Alberta. The study examined Albertans' response to the coronavirus crisis – experiences that may invoke the social dimensions around safety and danger theory (Polyvagal's Theory): flight, freeze, or fight or engage when faced with a life-threatening and challenging situation. It is anchored in the assumption that when a social barometer of engagement is triggered, citizens become proactive in managing obstacles, thus enabling them to be resilient and overcome challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific interests in this paper focused on the pandemic experiences of the immigrant participants during the coronavirus pandemic -- thematic findings around coping range from fight to positive engagement and resilient response.
Income inequality, carbon emissions and green development efficiency
Authors: Yong-chun SUN
Published: August 2022

Income inequality not only affects social well-being, health, and promotes carbon emissions, but also affects China's basic national policy for green development.Therefore, based on the panel data of 205 cities in China from 2010 to 2020, a panel model with partial linear functional coefficient is used to analyze and test the relationship between income inequality, carbon emissions and green development efficiency under different regional economic development levels.The research results show that: in the early stage, when the urban economic development is at a low level, income inequality has an inhibitory effect on carbon emissions and does not contribute to the efficiency of green development; Some green development efficiency has a promoting effect, but with the evolution of time, the impact of income inequality on carbon emissions and green development efficiency is gradually insignificant in areas with low and high levels of urban economic development.
Existence of positive solutions for Lidstone boundary value problems on time scales
Authors: Çetin Erbil , Topal Fatma Serap , Agarwal Ravi P.
Published: August 2022

Let T ⊆ R be a time scale. The purpose of this paper is to present sufficient conditions for the existence of multiple positive solutions of the following Lidstone boundary value problem on time scales (−1)nyΔ(2n)(t) = f(t, y(t)), t ∈ [a, b]T, yΔ(2i)(a) = yΔ(2i)(σ2n−2i(b)) = 0 i = 0, 1, ..., n − 1. Existence of multiple positive solutions are established using fixed point methods. At the end some examples are also given to illustrative our results.Mathematics Subject Classification 34N05;34K10; 39A10; 39A99
Supporting self-regulated learning with learning analytics interventions – a systematic literature review
Authors: Heikkinen Sami , Saqr Mohammed , Malmberg Jonna , Tedre Matti
Published: August 2022

During the past years scholars have shown an increasing interest in supporting students' self-regulated learning (SRL). Learning analytics (LA) can be applied in various ways to identify a learner’s current state of self-regulation and support SRL processes. It is important to examine how LA has been used to identify the need for support in different phases of SRL cycle, which channels are used to mediate the intervention and how efficient and impactful the intervention is. This will help the learners to achieve the anticipated learning outcomes. The systematic literature review followed PRISMA 2020 statement to examine studies that applied LA interventions to enhance SRL. The search terms used for this research identified 753 papers in May 2021. Of these, 56 studies included the elements of LA, SRL, and intervention. The reviewed studies contained various LA interventions aimed at supporting SRL, but only 46% of them revealed a positive impact of an intervention on learning. Furthermore, only four studies reported positive effects for SRL and covered all three SRL phases (planning, performance, and reflection). Based on the findings of this literature review, the key recommendation is for all phases of SRL to be considered when planning interventions to support learning. In addition, more comparative research on this topic is needed to identify the most effective interventions and to provide further evidence on the effectiveness of interventions supporting SRL.
Are premature infants with Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation sicker than others?
Authors: Eisenstadt Michal , Eisen Irit Schushan , Leibovitch Leah , Maayan-Metzger Ayala , Gavri Ayelet , Strauss Tzipi
Published: August 2022

Spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) is a focal gastrointestinal complication which is diagnosed in up to 5% of the very low birth weight infants. Purpose - This retrospective case control study was designed to investigate perinatal and neonatal risk factors for SIP in premature infants who developed a SIP over a 13 years period in a single NICU. Methods - A total of 40 very low birth weight infants were include in this study. Results demonstrated that infants who developed SIP were more likely to have been born via cesarean section (80% compared to 45%, p = 0.048). They were also more likely to have been fed later (average day after delivery 3 compared to 2, p = 0.039), and were more likely to have received blood transfusions prior to SIP [OR = 7.7 (95%CI = 1.084–55.049), P = 0.041]. Infants with SIP were more likely to have received non-invasive respiratory support [OR = 0.105 (95%CI = 0.015–0.755) p = 0.025]. Conclusions - These characteristics may imply that these infants are merely sicker and hence more prone to suffer from SIP.
Species diversity analysis of commercial Mantidis Ootheca samples contaminated by store pests based on DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Xu Liuwei , Zhang Xiaoying , Guo Hua , Yang Xia , Xing Zhimei , Yang Wenzhi , Zhang Jian , Tian Xiaoxuan
Published: August 2022

Mantidis Ootheca (Sangpiaoxiao) is a typical multi-origin Chinese medicinal material. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulates that the Mantidis Ootheca originates from Tenodera sinensis, Statilia maculate, and Hierodula patellifera. However, Mantidis Ootheca mainly relies on field collection, which leads to confusion of its actual origin in the market. As the clinical use of Mantidis Ootheca with unknown origin will pose potential risks to drug safety, it is necessary to survey the commercially available Mantidis Ootheca origin species. However, as the egg case of Mantis, the morphological characters of Mantidis Ootheca are limited and usually cannot serve as accurate identification tool. DNA barcoding, which is widely used in taxonomic studies of animals, is severely affected by the impact of storage pests and DNA degradation. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the origin diversity of 4,580 Mantidis Ootheca individuals contaminated by common store pests collected in the market using mini-barcode combined with DNA metabarcoding, and to provide a basis for quality control of Mantidis Ootheca. 37 Mantis ASVs and 9 Mantis MOTUs were identified through species delimitation, and the high level intraspecific diversity was depicted as haplotype network plot. Besides Tenodera sinensis and Hierodula patellifera as genuine sources defined in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Tenodera angustipennis was also the origin species of these Mantidis Ootheca samples.
HIIT, Sleep and Cognition in Older Adults
Authors: Weiss Carleara , Seldeen Kenneth , Troen Bruce
Published: August 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Type I Congenital Colonic Pouch Resection With Terminal Ileostomy in a 43-year-old Woman. Case Report
Authors: Jorge Chucuán-García , José Ochoa-Martínez , Ricardo Espinoza-Pérez , Miguel Silva-García , Torres-Salazar Quitzia Libertad
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION: Congenital colonic pouch syndrome is an extremely rare condition, particularly in Western countries. In this condition, the colon is replaced with a partially or completely abnormal pouch, connected to the genitourinary tract by a fistula or may end in a blind pouch. As it is a congenital condition, the cases reported are found in the neonatal population, so its detection in adulthood is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 43-year-old female, who was admitted to the general surgery service with suspected fistulizing CROHN's disease. She attended with a two-month clinical picture, presenting a painful ulcer in the left perianal and gluteal region, accompanied by discharge of purulent material and feces through the vaginal introitus. Laboratory tests (CAT, colonoscopy and MRI) did not present conclusive information. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, finding a congenital type I colonic pouch, so it was resected, and a terminal ileostomy was performed. CONCLUSIONS: The present case aimed to report our experience with a pathology that has not been reported in this particular age group in our country. Imaging studies before surgery were unable to diagnose the pathology, so the exploratory laparotomy was decisive for the treatment.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I
Highly efficient removal of hexavalent chromium by magnetic Fe-C composite from reed straw and electric furnace dust waste
Authors: Wang Fu-ping , Zeng Ya-Nan , Wang Yi-Tong , Li Jun-Guo , Zhang Xi , Ji Ai-Min , Kang Le-Le , Ji Rui , Yu Qing , Gao Di , Wang Xiao-Man , Fang Zhen
Published: August 2022

Reed straw and electric furnace dust (EFD) waste were used to prepare magnetic Fe-C composite (EFD&C) by co-precipitation and high-temperature activation method to remove Cr(VI) from water. The magnetic EFD&C owned a large specific surface (536.61 m2/g) and a porous structure (micropores and mesopores), and had an efficient removal capacity for Cr(VI). Under conditions of pH (2), the addition amount of EFD&C (1 g/L), the adsorption time (760 min), and the temperature (45 oC), the maximum adsorption capacity reached 111.94 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism mainly attributed to chemical adsorption (redox), Cr(VI) reduced to Cr(III) by Fe(II) and Fe(0) (from Fe3O4 and Fe components in EFD) and surface functional groups of -OH, C = C, C-C and O-C = O (from biochar), and secondary attributed to physical adsorption, Cr(VI) and Cr(III) (from reduced Cr(VI)) adsorbed into the porous structure of EFD&C. This study provided guidance for the recycling of iron-containing metallurgical solid and biomass waste.
Performance, carcass quality, and intestinal biometry of European quail fed on kelp meal (Sargassum sp)
Authors: de Oliveira Airton Gonçalves , Furtado Dermeval Araújo , Ribeiro Neila Lidiany , Marques Jordânio Inácio , Mascarenhas Nágela Maria Henrique , Leite Patrício Gomes , de Morais Fabiana Terezinha Leal , Rodrigues Raimundo Calixto Martins , de Brito Alícia Nayana dos Santos Lima , Lima Vitória Régia do Nascimento
Published: August 2022

This work aims to evaluate, at different stages, the productive performance, carcass quality, and intestinal biometry of European quails (Coturnix coturnix Coturnix), consuming diets with increasing levels of seaweed bran (Sargassum sp). A total of 240 European quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix Coturnix) were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four levels of bran inclusion (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%), 6 replications with 10 birds in each experimental plot. In the period from 1 to 21 days, the feed intake of the control group was higher, with lower water consumption. In the period from 22 to 42 days, feed and water consumption increased with the inclusion of seaweed, but with a reduction in weight gain. In the total period, water consumption was higher at the level of 2.5 and 7.5%, with lower consumption in the control group, with a small reduction in slaughter and carcass weight with the inclusion of bran. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in carcass quality and intestinal biometry. We recommended the inclusion of up to 7.5% of sargassum meal in the diet of European quails at all stages, without compromising its productive performance, carcass quality, and intestinal biometry.
Race and gender income inequality in the USA: black women vs. white men
Authors: Kitov Ivan
Published: August 2022

Income inequality between different races in the U.S. is especially large. This difference is even larger when gender is involved. In a complementary study, we have developed a dynamic microeconomic model accurately describing the evolution of male and female incomes since 1930. Here, we extend our analysis and model the disparity between the black and white populations in the U.S., separately for males and females. Unfortunately, income microdata provided by the U.S. Census Bureau for other races and ethnic groups is not time compatible or too short for modelling purposes. We are forced to constrain our analysis to the black and white population, but all principal results can be extrapolated to other races and ethnicities. Our analysis shows that black females and white males are two poles of the overall income inequality. The prediction of income distribution for two extreme cases with one model is the main challenge of this study. The model also predicts the time evolution for any gender/race combination. The income disparity is best cured by fast economic growth.
A comparative study on the influence of α-centroids over Κ-means algorithm and its variants in DT-RMI segmentation
Authors: Campos Alan Santos , Gregorio Ronaldo Malheiros , Cruz Marcelo Dib , Alves Charlan Dellon da Silva
Published: August 2022

The diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) is a non-invasive and effective technique that ables us to study the micro-structural integrity of white matter of fibers and detecting tumors or anomalies in living tissues. Image segmentation in DT-RMI is used to identify and separate a tissue in different regions which preserve similar properties. \(K\) -means and deep learning algorithms can be applied for this purpose, being the second class the most used currently. Despite actually deep learning algorithms are the most frequently approach in image segmentation, $K$-means algorithm performed an important role in a recent past, carrying implicitly lots of sophisticated mathematical results. Originally, $K$-means algorithm was proposed to cluster a dataset in subsets with similar characteristics. Our interesting consists in empirically analyzing this technique and their variants under both Euclidean and Riemannian setting when applied to image segmentation in DT-MRI. Pixels in the bidimensional case and voxels in the tridimensional one can be respectively represented by 2-by-2 and 3-by-3 symmetric positive definite matrices (SPD) in DT-RMI. Since the set of \(n\) -by-$n$ SPD matrices can be seen as both a non-pointed convex cone in the vector space of $n$-by-$n$ symmetric matrices as well as a Hadamard manifold, centroids are well-posed in both sense, for any positive integer $n$. Thus, we developed a comparative study on the influence of centroids under Euclidean and Riemannian settings on the image segmentation by using the $K$-means algorithm and its variants.
Molecular Sub-Healthy Status (Syndrome): A Severe Pre-warning for Working Adults’Health in China
Authors: Xu Mengqing , Sun Ke , Yin Huihui , Ma Miao Miao , Zhang Dan Dan , Yue Wen , Ma Ya Jing , Wang Kui , Zhang Wen Jie
Published: August 2022

Background: We examine fasting blood metabolites related to the liver function among individuals participating in routine physical examinations.Aim: To investigate their possible“molecular sub-healthy”syndromes defined by having abnormal rise blood metabolites without relevant clinical manifestations or diagnosis, and try to use the median to define the high-risk and low-risk sub-healthy population.Design and setting:62,758 individuals of Han Chinese attending our healthy checkup clinic in the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, spanning from from January 2013 to April 2018.Method: Peoples were tested for ten blood metabolites related to the liver function after fasting overnight, using an automated bioanalyzer. Results: (1) IBIL+TBIL (3858, 9.9%) had the highest number of high-risk individuals at the same time, followed by DBIL+IBIL (3525, 9.0%), DBIL+TBIL (3458, 8.9%). The high-risk combination of three indicators at the same time was DBIL+IBIL+TBIL.(3201, 8.2%). (2) The number of individuals with coexistence of three abnormal rise related to liver functions (6,753, 10.76%) or medium-defined High-risk bio-molecules(3,144, 5.01%) was higher than with coexistence of two abnormal rise(3,524, 5.62%) or high risk indicators(2,156, 4.09%). Meanwhile, the number of individuals with coexistence of multiple abnormal rise and High-risk bio-molecules were both subject to the distribution of the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model.Conclusions: We proposed for the first time that Molecular Sub-Healthy Status and syndrome(MSHS1, MSHS2), MSHS1 indicates an individual having at least two function-related bio-molecules beyond normal ranges without obvious clinical symptoms. MSHS2 indicates an individual having three or more function-related bio-molecules beyond normal ranges without obvious clinical symptoms.
Ellagic Acid Alleviates Mice intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury: A Study Based on Transcriptomics Combined with Functional Experiments
Authors: Fan Shuyuan , Xu yue , Li kun , Li bin , Diao yunpeng
Published: August 2022

Background
It has been reported that intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) is closely related to inflammatory response, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Ellagic acid (EA) has been proved to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and can inhibit tumor angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of EA on IIRI in mice.
Methods
A mouse model of IIRI was established by clamping the mesenteric artery. Effects and mechanisms of EA on IIRI were investigate by transcriptomics combined with functional experiments.
Results
The symptoms of IIRI were reflected in significant increases in inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β; significant increases in oxidative stress indicators such as MDA and GSH and decreases in SOD and promotion of the apoptotic protein Bax/Bcl-2. These indicators were significantly alleviated by EA. And after EA treatment, transcriptomics results identified AKT1 differentially expressed mRNAs mainly enriched in PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.
Conclusion
This study illustrates the protective effects against IIRI, the possible mechanisms were also studied. This study provides new scientific information for the application of EA in IIRI therapy.
Integrated analysis identified prognostic microRNAs in breast cancer
Authors: Shang Cong , Chen Qingyan , Zu Fuqiang , Ren Weidong
Published: August 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in the formation and progression of breast cancer (BC). Here, we attempt to identify miRNAs associated with BC prognosis and progression through integrated analysis. We firstly screened out 83 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in 1249 BC samples and 151 normal samples. Then, we validated their roles in expression and prognosis, identified 2 survival-related DEMs, and established a risk model. The prediction efficiency was assessed both in the training group and the validation group. ROC curve indicated a good prediction ability with 1, 3, and 5 years survival of 0.73, 0.72, and 0.72, respectively. Moreover, hsa-miR-127 was found as an independent prognostic factor for BC. Functional analyses revealed it is involved in various cancer pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt pathway and p53 pathway. Additionally, tissue and cell experiments were conducted to verify the regulatory effect of miR-127 in BC. The expression of miR-127 was down-regulated both in BC tissue and cell lines. The interference or overexpression of miR-127 was significantly increased or decreased BC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, respectively. And this effect of miR-127 was consistent with tumorigenic ability and tumor volume in nude mice. These findings indicated that low expression of miR-127 contributes to BC migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis, and suggested a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for BC.
“Nutripiatto”: a tool for nutritional education. A survey to assess dietary habits in preschool children.
Authors: Lattanzi Greta , Rosa Claudia Di , Sacco Roberto , Spiezia Chiara , Cattafi Samanta , Romano Leonardo , Benvenuto Domenico , De Gara Laura , Khazrai Yeganeh Manon
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Childhood obesity is a worldwide public health issue associated with metabolic and psychological comorbidities. There is increasing evidence that shows that children’s lifestyle habits are shifting towards obesity with dire consequences on their future well-being and on healthcare costs. Given that, the purpose of the present pilot study is to evaluate the effectiveness of "Nutripiatto" as a tangible tool for food education to help children and their caregivers reduce portion sizes and improve food choices.
Methods
We enrolled 108 children aged 4–6 years (53% female and 47% male) to perform nutrition education interventions to improve children’s dietary habits and introduced Nutripiatto, a visual plate icon, combined with an easy guide, that was used by children during the intervention. Children’s dietary habits were investigated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline and at the end of the study, following the use of Nutripiatto for one month.
Results
Children significantly increased portion sizes and frequency of consumption of vegetables, while reduced those of several foods, reaching the recommended dietary allowances and frequency of consumption. Daily consumption of water significantly increased reaching the suggested amount.
Conclusions
On the basis of our results, Nutripiatto can be considered an effective visual guide and a helpful tool to achieve small changes and empower families towards healthier food. It can be also considered an effective educational tool useful for nutritionists and health care professionals in improving children’s dietary behaviors.
Temporal Localized Turing Patterns in Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers
Authors: Bartolo Adrian , Vigne Nathan , Marconi Mathias , Beaudoin Grégoire , Pantzas Konstantinos , Sagnes Isabelle , Huyet Guillaume , Maucher Fabian , Gurevich Svetlana , Javaloyes Julien , Garnache Arnaud , Giudici Massimo
Published: August 2022

We show that large aspect-ratio Vertical External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) with a saturable absorber can be operated in the regime of spatio-temporal mode locking. The emitted pulses exhibit a spatial profile resulting from the phase locking between an axial plane-wave with a set of tilted waves having a hexagonal arrangement in the Fourier space. We show that these pulsating patterns are temporally localized, i.e. they can be individually addressed by modulating the optical pump.The theoretical analysis shows that the emergence of these pulsating patterns is a signature of a Turing instability whose critical wave vector depends on spherical aberrations of the optical elements. Our result reveals that large aspect-ratio VECSELs offer unique opportunities for studying fully developed spatio-temporal dynamics.
The Behavior of COVID-19 in urban health among the capitals of Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte through the dynamics of the SEIR model
Authors: SOUZA ERLAINE DA SILVA , COHEN SIMONE CYNAMON , BRUSTOLINI OTÁVIO JOSÉ BERNARDES
Published: August 2022

Objective: To describe the dynamics of the Covid-19 pandemic associated with urban health in the capitals of Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro using a mathematical model based on ordinary differential equations in the susceptible, exposed, infected, and removed SEIR dynamics model. Study design: This is a search for data in the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System and data available and published online by the health secretariats of the capitals of Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro.Methods: A search was carried out between February 2019 and May 2020 between territorial area, mobility, sanitation, health information (TABNET), and information from the health secretariat of the capitals of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. It was used the SEIR differential equation model by the R program. Result: The estimated population (2021) of Rio de Janeiro is 6,775,561 people, with a population density equal to 5,265.82 inhabitants per km2. In Belo Horizonte, the population is 2,530,701 people, with a population density equal to 7,167.00 inhabitants per km2. The number of COVID-19 cases in 2020 in Rio de Janeiro was 221,480, there were 18,962 deaths, and the case fatality rate was 8.7%. In Belo Horizonte, according to the epidemiological bulletin. Conclusion: The SEIR model helped understand the urban health of Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro about COVID-19. It demonstrated that the probability of transmission would be greater among the susceptible exposed to the infection, leading to the highest number of mortalities in an urban environment.
Numerical function optimization of improved artificial bee colony algorithm and its application in finite element model modification
Authors: Tang Yu , Yue Jie , Xu Min
Published: August 2022

An improved artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed in this paper to improve the problems of strong exploration ability, weak exploitation ability and being easy to fall into local optimum of the basic artificial bee colony algorithm. The quality of the initial solution is improved by adopting the principle of equally spaced random distribution in the initialization phase. In the stage of employed bee and onlooker bee, it introduces the two-way search strategy and the adaptive decision factor γ, which also changes the search step length at the same time to balance algorithm exploration and exploitation capabilities by replacing the original search strategy. fifteen benchmark test functions were used to verify the optimal search ability of the improved artificial bee colony algorithm, and the improved algorithm was successfully applied to the finite element model modification. The results show that the improved algorithm can effectively improve and balance the exploitation and exploration ability of the algorithm, and show excellent global search ability. At the same time, the improved algorithm has higher correction efficiency and better applicability and practicability in the finite element model modification.
Metasurface-enabled smart wireless attacks at the physical layer
Authors: Wei Menglin , Zhao Hanting , Galdi Vincenzo , Li Lianlin , Cui Tie Jun
Published: August 2022

Information security is of paramount importance in the modern society, and it is crucial that communication systems are conceived and implemented in order to be inherently resilient in this respect. In current wireless communication systems, some of the most sophisticated attack strategies aim at the physical layer, i.e., at the electromagnetic wave signal carrying the information, but the implied physical interaction with the target inherently leaves traces in the physical environment, which render these attacks typically detectable. However, this may not be the case for future (the 6th generation and beyond) wireless networks, whose current vision relies on the concept of “smart radio environment”, empowered by suitably engineering reflecting devices (also called as metasurfaces) that can manipulate the wave signals in unconventional fashions (e.g., non-specular reflections) and that can be reconfigured at will. These metasurface elements, which should be pervasively deployed and suitably disguised in the indoor and outdoor environment, potentially introduce new vulnerabilities to the physical-layer attacks that should be fully understood and addressed. To this aim, here, we put forward the concept of smart wireless attacks at the physical layer by exploiting the unique capabilities of programmable metasurfaces in the joint manipulations of radio waves and digital information in a wireless scenario. Specifically, we illustrate both passive and active operational modes. In the passive mode, an attacker is capable of eavesdropping and breaking the target wireless information transfer by controlling the programmable metasurface, without radiating any signal actively. In the active mode, an attacker can not only eavesdrop but also furtively falsify the target wireless communications by sending some deceptive information to the target. In both operational modes, the detectability of the attacker can be minimized. As a proof of concept, we design and realize an attacker prototype working in the Wi-Fi band around 2.4GHz, and demonstrate experimentally its ability to hack wireless data streams. Our results raise awareness on the new types of security threats and challenges that the next-generation wireless networks will likely have to face, and indicate that suitable mitigation strategies and specific security protocols need to be conceived and developed at the present stage, while the smart-radio-environment concept is still in its infancy.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) β-Tubulin gene HvTUBULIN8 has pleiotropic effects on spike and leaf development
Authors: Qin Dandan , Liu Gang , Liu Rui , Wang Chunchao , Xu Fuchao , Xu Qing , Ling Yu , Dong Guoqing , Peng Yanchun , Ge Shuangtao , Guo Ganggang , Dong Jing , Li Chengdao
Published: August 2022

Barley lateral spikelet morphology and grain shape play a key role in grain physical quality and yield. Several genes and QTLs for these traits have been cloned or fine mapped previously. Here, we report the phenotypic and genotypic analysis of a barley mutant with Round Lateral Spikelet (rls) from c.v. Edamai 934. The mutant had round lateral spikelet, short but round grain, shortened awn, thick glume and dark green leaves. Histocytologic and ultrastructural analysis revealed that the difference of grain shape of rls was caused by change of cell arrangement in glume, and the dark leaf color resulted from enlarged chloroplast. HvTUBULIN8 (HvTUB8) was identified as the functional gene for rls by combination of RNA-seq, map-based cloning, virus-induced-gene-silencing (VIGS) and protein subcellular location. A single G-A substitution in exon of HvTUB8 resulted in change of Cysteine to Tyrosine. Furthermore, the mutant isoform of HvTUB8 could be detected in both nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas the wild was only in cytoplasm of wheat protoplasts. Being consistent with the rare phenotype, the “A” allele of HvTUB8 was only detected in rls, but not in a worldwide barley germplasm panel consisting about 400 accessions. VIGS confirmed that HvTUB8 was essential to maintain spike integrity. RNA-sequencing results suggest that HvTUB8 control spike morphogenesis via ethylene homeostasis and signaling, and control leaf color through chlorophyll metabolism. Collectively, our results demonstrated that HvTUB8 has pleiotropic effects on barley spike and leaf morphology and provided insight of a novel mechanism of HvTUB8 in spike and leaf development.
Heavy metal lead(Pb) removal in contaminated soils using citric acid and malic acid as washing agents
Authors: Zhao Manqing , Yan Huan , Liu Chao , Li Cong , Li Shijie , Gao Huanfang
Published: August 2022

Soil washing is a rapid and efficient remediation technique for soil contaminated by heavy metals. In this study, Pb was removed from contaminated soil with citric acid (CA) and malic acid (MA). The effects of washing concentration, liquid-solid(L/S) ratio, washing time, and pH value on the removal rate and metal stability in lead-contaminated soil were investigated. Results showed that the mixed chelating agent's (MC) removal rates of the heavy metal lead from the soil by citric acid (0.3m) and malic acid (0.3m) at a certain volume ratio of 4:1 (CA: MA = 4:1) was up to 88.65%. After washing, the leaching concentration of lead in soil decreased by 63.39%, which was lower than the identification standard value of hazardous waste. The speciation analysis study indicated that the acid-soluble and reducible fractions in the soil with excellent bioavailability after MC washing were reduced by 83.23% and 71.99%, respectively. Which reduces the environmental risk greatly. Besides, heavy metal lead was also found to become more stable after the soil was washed by MC. This method is shown to help reduce the bioavailability and leachability of lead and has proven to environmentally friendly way to remediate lead-contaminated soil.
Factors affecting the acceptance of electronic banking services among individuals in Yemen
Authors: GHALLAB HAMDAN MUTAHAR HAMOOD , ZHU Huiming
Published: August 2022

The focus of this research is to determine the factors that influence individuals' acceptance of electronic banking services offered by Yemeni banks. Therefore, our proposed study has four salient variables: security and privacy, perceived risks and benefits, website usability, and electronic banking awareness. The measurement model was created using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to determine the extent to which individuals accepted electronic banking services. Data were collected through a questionnaire completed by 684 participants. The results of our study found that perceived risks and benefits, website usability and electronic banking awareness directly affected the acceptance of electronic banking services by individuals. However, security and privacy did not affect acceptance of electronic banking services in Yemen. This study enables us to understand the factors that influence the acceptance of electronic banking services by individuals in Yemen. Rather than focusing on adopting electronic banking services in developed countries, as many existing studies have done, our proposed model attempts to fill this gap. Similarly, it would be applicable to other developing countries. Decision makers in banks can focus on raising awareness of electronic banking services and making individuals aware of their benefits and ease of dealing with them by promoting and advertising the advantages of these services. This will enhance the acceptance of electronic banking services by Yemeni individuals. The study recommends that understanding the factors affecting acceptance of electronic banking is essential for practitioners looking for new ways of banking.
Prevalence and factors associated with latent tuberculosis infection among residents of a monastery situated in a high-TB burden area: A cross sectional study, Sikkim, India
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammad K. , Khan Shagufta , Bhutia Rinchenla , Nair Vivek , Gurung Nirmal , Yamphel Tseten , Dadul Peggy K. , Kerongi Debya S. , Pradhan Jagat , Khati Kabita , Nair Sreenivas A. , Mannan Shamim , Rade Kiran K. , Gupta Dinesh , Malhotra Pawan , Dhawan Shikha , Mohmmed Asif
Published: August 2022

Background:Diagnosis and treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) remains to be one of the main bottlenecks in eradication of tuberculosis (TB). TB and LTBI risk among the residents of a congregate facility in a monastery, situated in a high-TB burden area, Sikkim, India, may be high due to their frequent travel history and has never been illustrated.Method:A population based cross sectional screening of all the monks and residents of Rumtek Monastery (Sikkim, India) was carried out for diagnosis of active TB and LTBI. TrueNat MTB and GenXpert MTB/Rif systems were utilized for active TB diagnosis, whereas QFT-plus IGRA analysis was carried out for LTBI detection. LTBI positive cases were followed up with TrueNat MTB system to diagnose any progression to active TB.Results:Among the 350 residents of the monastery, no participant was found to be having active TB infection; however, ~45% of residents were LTBI positive showing high exposure of disease to the monks belonging to various age groups (9-73 yrs). Participants with frequent travel history, family history of TB or having contacts with TB patients, showed higher percentage of LTBI. Similarly, abnormal BMI showed significant positive correlation with LTBI.Conclusion:This study provides status of high prevalence of LTBI among the residence of a congregate facility in a monastery. These results can be useful to design strategies to treat LTBI in the high TB burden area to achieve the goal of TB elimination.
Early triple negative breast cancers in a Singapore cohort exhibit high PIK3CA mutation rates associated with low PD-L1 expression
Authors: Yeong Joe , Goh Denise , Tan Tira J. , Tan Benedict , Sivaraj Huren , Koh Valerie , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Joseph Craig Ryan , Tay Timothy Kwang Yong , Ye Jiangfeng , Lau Mai Chan , Chan Jason Yongsheng , Iqbal Jabed , Ng Cedric Chuan Young , Teh Bin Tean , Dent Rebecca Alexandra , Tan Puay Hoon
Published: August 2022

Mutations in the PI3K pathway, particularly of PIK3CA, were reported to be intimately associated with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression and development of treatment resistance. We profiled PIK3CA and other genes on 166 early-stage TNBC tumors from Singapore, for comparison to publicly available TNBC cohorts. These tumors were profiled transcriptionally using a Nanostring panel of immune genes and multiplex immunohistochemistry, then manually scored for PD-L1-positivity using two clinically relevant clones, SP142 and 22C3. We discovered a higher rate of PIK3CA mutations in our TNBC cohort as compared to non-Asian cohorts, along with TP53, BRCA1, PTPN11, and MAP3K1 alterations. PIK3CA mutations did not affect overall or recurrence-free survival, and when compared to PIK3CAWT tumors, there were no differences in immune infiltration. Using two clinically approved antibodies, PIK3CAmut tumors were associated with PD-L1 negativity. Analysis of co-mutation frequencies further revealed that PIK3CA mutations tended to be accompanied by MAP kinase pathway mutation. The mechanism and impact of PIK3CA alterations on the TNBC tumor immune microenvironment and PD-L1 positivity warrant further study.
Calculated and measured radiation dose in water for the low energy Xoft Axxent eBT X-ray source
Authors: CAN SUMEYRA , ATILLA OZGE , KARACETIN DIDEM
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This study aims at evaluating the functionality of different dose fractions for the Xoft Axxent electronic brachytherapy (eBT) system and analyzing the system in terms of radiation dosimetry in water.
Materials and Methods
Different dose fraction schemes for the Xoft Axxent eBT system were calculated for different balloon applicator volumes based on dwell positions and dwell times. EBT-XD Gafchromic film was calibrated at 6MV photon energy and a calibration curve was devised for it which were used for dosimetric measurements. In the first phase, a balloon applicator filled with 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was used for dosimetric measurements with the ability to deliver 20 Gy, 16 Gy, 10 Gy radiation dose in one fraction. Afterward, the balloon applicator was filled with water and the same measurements were performed. Finally, the balloon applicator was irradiated at different distances in the water tank and the simulation of dose distribution in the water was obtained so as to analyze the dose distribution in the tissue.
Results
At the time the balloon applicator was filled with 0.9% NaCl solution, the absorbed dose was approximately 23 Gy for 30 cc balloon volume, 22.8 Gy for 35 cc and 22 Gy for 40 cc balloon volume. On the other side, when the applicator was filled with water, the absorbed dose is approximately 20.5 Gy for 30 cc, 21 Gy for 35 cc, and 20,7 Gy for 40 cc balloon applicator. As a result, provided the balloon applicator was filled with water, the difference between the planned dose and the absorbed dose was ~ 2% for 30 cc, ~ 5% for 35 cc and ~ 3,5% for 40 cc. Accordingly, the fact that 0.9% NaCl solution caused an increase in the absorbed dose from the photoelectric effect was determine. Finally, the absorbed dose at a distance of 1 cm from the applicator surface was measured as 9.63 Gy which was obtained in accordance with the manufacturer’s criteria.
Conclusion
Different dose fraction schemes were created in the Xoft Axxent eBT system based on the standard atlas plan. In addition, this study shows that photoelectric effect in low energy photons increases the difference between the planned dose and the absorbed dose depending on the effective atomic number. By measuring the dose distributions at different distances from the balloon applicator surface, the absorbed dose in tissue equivalent medium was determined and the dose distribution characteristics was simulated.
Performance estimation of optical skin probe in short wavelength infrared spectroscopy based on Monte-Carlo simulation
Authors: Lee June-Young , Ahn Sungmo , Nam Sung Hyun
Published: August 2022

Optical throughput and optical path length are key parameters to obtain high signal to noise ratio and sensor sensitivity for the detection of skin tissue components based on short wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy. These parameters should be taken into account at the stage of optical system design. We aim to develop a method to estimate the optical efficiency and the effective water path length of a newly designed SWIR spectroscopy skin measurement system using Monte-Carlo photon migration simulation. To estimate the optical efficiency and the effective water path length, we investigated the characteristics of Monte-Carlo photon migration simulation utilizing one layered simple skin model. Simulation of photon transport in skin was conducted for transmission, transflection, and reflection optical configurations in both first overtone (1540 ~ 1820 nm) and combination (2040 ~ 2380 nm) wavelength ranges. Experimental measurement of skin spectrum was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy based system to validate the estimation performance. The simulated results for optical efficiency are in good agreements with the experimental measurements, which shows the suggested method can be used as a means for the performance estimation and the design optimization of various in-vivo SWIR spectroscopic system.
Radiation Dose Reduction Strategy for SPECT/CT Bone Scan
Authors: ALEZZI MANAL Ahmed , Kotbi Owais , Hammid Gihad , Fouda Ashraf , Zabarmawi Yusra
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study is to introduce the optimization method of CT parameters to reduce patient radiation exposure in bone SPECT/CT while maintaining image quality. The results of the new protocol were then compared to the results of the standard protocol saved in the nuclear medicine department`s data at King Abdullah Medical City.Methodology: First part: Using Deluxe Jaszczak Phantom. The cylindrical phantom consisted of six bottles in a pie arrangement. These bottles were placed in the source tank. SPECT/CT scans were carried out with different x-ray tube current values (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mA) at three different slices of thicknesses (2.5, 3.75, and 5mm). The contrast ratio (CR) and coefficients of variation (COV) in the SPECT images as well as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and were all measured. An optimal acquisition protocol of SPECT/CT images with no artifacts on both CT and SPECT images, and acceptable CR, COV, and SNR values were obtained. Second part: The study was done on patients who required a SPECT/CT bone scan of the spine area (thoracic spine (T1-T12) and lumbar spine (L1-L5)). Some patients were excluded from this study because of the image quality that was affected by several factors. Different parameters obtained from the new reduced protocol were compared to old historical data saved in the system for patients who did the same image using the old standard protocol. The difference between the two systems was only in the current of the X-ray tube (the old 60 mA versus the new 40 mA).Result: The optimal set of parameters for bone SPECT/CT was determined based on a phantom part that has been implemented in clinical practice. Two groups of patients were examined according to the baseline and optimized protocols, respectively. The new SPECT/CT protocol substantially reduced patients’ radiation exposure as compared to the old protocol, while also maintaining the required diagnostic quality of SPECT and CT images.Conclusions: The newly established bone scan SPECT/CT protocol was implemented into clinical practice. It has significantly reduced patients’ exposure dose as compared to the old protocol while maintaining the required diagnostic quality of SPECT and CT images.
Optical Genome Mapping Identifies a Novel Pediatric Embryonal Tumor Subtype with a ZNF532-NUTM1 Fusion
Authors: Bornhorst Miriam , Eze Augustine , Bhattacharya Surajit , Putnam Ethan , Almira-Suarez M. Isabel , Rossi Christopher , Kambhampati Madhuri , Almalvez Miguel , Barseghyan Mariam , Risco Nicole Del , Dotson David , Turner Joyce , Myseros John , Vilain Eric , Packer Roger , Nazarian Javad , Rood Brian , Barseghyan Hayk
Published: August 2022

Molecular characteristics of pediatric brain tumors have not only allowed for tumor subgrouping but have introduced novel treatment options for patients with specific tumor alterations. Therefore, an accurate histologic and molecular diagnosis is critical for optimized management of all pediatric patients with brain tumors, including central nervous system embryonal tumors. We present a case where optical genome mapping identified a ZNF532-NUTM1 fusion in a patient with a unique tumor best characterized histologically as a central nervous system embryonal tumor with rhabdoid features. Additional analyses including immunohistochemistry for NUT protein, methylation array, whole genome, and RNA-sequencing was done to confirm the presence of the fusion in the tumor. This is the first description of a pediatric patient with a ZNF532-NUTM1 fusion, yet the histology of this tumor is similar to that of adult cancers with ZNF-NUTM1 fusions and other NUTM1-fusion positive brain tumors reported in literature. Although rare, the distinct pathology and underlying molecular characteristics of these tumors separate them from other embryonal tumors. Therefore, the NUTM-rearrangement appears to define a novel subgroup of pediatric central nervous system embryonal tumors with rhabdoid/epithelioid features that may have a unique response to treatment. Screening for a NUTM1-rearrangement should be considered for all patients with unclassified central nervous system tumors with rhabdoid features to ensure accurate diagnosis so this can ultimately inform therapeutic management for these patients.
Fabricating the Strongest and Toughest Aramid Fibers by Small Addition of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Jin , Luo Jiajun , Wen Yeye , Jia Xiangzheng , Lei Xudong , Gao Zhenfei , Jian Muqiang , Xiao Zhihua , Zhang Jiangwei , Li Tao , Wu Xianqian , Gao Enlai , Jiao Kun
Published: August 2022

Synthetic high-performance fibers, such as polyaramid fibers, have attracted particular attention owing to their excellent mechanical properties and promising applications in safety protection fields. However, fabricating fibers with high strength and toughness is challenging due to their intrinsic conflicts. Herein, we report a simultaneous improvement in strength and toughness of heterocyclic aramid fibers by 26% and 66%, respectively, via in situ polymerizing small amount (0.05 wt%) of short aminated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) into heterocyclic aramid fibers, yielding 6.44 ± 0.11 GPa in tensile strength and 184.0 ± 11.4 MJ m−3 in toughness. Combined experimental evidences and atomistic simulations, it was uncovered that short aminated SWNTs with favorable dispersity and alignment significantly improve the crystallinity and orientation degree of heterocyclic aramid chains by a scope of 8.6 nm, and the in situ polymerization between short aminated SWNTs and heterocyclic aramid monomers increases the length of polymer chains and the interfacial interaction therein to promote stress transfer and suppress the strain localization. These two effects account for the simultaneous improvement in strength and toughness of heterocyclic aramid fibers via small addition of short aminated SWNTs. This composite manner of “small addition, big gains” through global optimization should guide further work on improving the strength and toughness of composites.