bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of starvation and realimentation on the performance of pregnant ewe
Authors: Eniolorunda OO , Adewale AIO
Published: September 2016

Twenty pregnant ewes were used in this study. Ten pregnant ewes with a mean live weight of 19.37 Kg ±0.87 served as the control animals, the others with an average live weight of 19.50 Kg ± 0.37 were starved for 7 days to study the reproductive performances, feed intake and appetite, body weight and rate of recovery in the animals. Test animals were starved during the first week of the last trimester of pregnancy (16th week). Starvation did not cause any significant changes in gestation length, which was within the normal range of 146 to 149 days. A live weight loss of 3.20% was observed during the starvation period. As the starvation progressed, the animals became weak and dull in appearance. Their hairs became loose and tended to fall out. Moreover, as from the 5th day of starvation, they were in a semi-comatose condition and were observed to sway when made to walk. Starvation also resulted in lower (P<0.05) birth weight of lambs:2.05 ± 0.05 kg for lambs from starved ewes compared to 2.25 + 0.10 Kg for lambs from the control pregnant ewes. However, subsequent growth of all lambs produced during the study was not appreciably affected. On resumption of ad libitum feeding appetites as Dry matter intake was low and erratic for 4-6 days. There after feed intake returned to normal with a marked increase in live weight gain.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 35-40
Breeding and production performance profile of Black Bengal goats in rural areas of Mymensingh in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam AFMF , Nahar S , Tanni TSJ , Hoque MA , Bhuiyan AKFH
Published: September 2016

The present study was conducted to know the breeding and performance profile of Black Bengal goat in 4 upazila (Mymensingh Sadar, Fulbaria, Trishal and Muktagacha) of Mymensingh district. The data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire from 100 goat rearers. The questionnaire included primary information about goat owners, total number of goats, color pattern, birth information, fate of male kids, weight of kids, breeding system and source of breeding males, breeding cost, litter size, kid mortality, some management parameters on goat and goat rearing system under rural condition. On an average, goat per family at Mymensingh district was found to be 3.56 ±1.77 where the percentage of does and bucks were 90.61% and 9.39% respectively. Most of the farmers were found not to keep male kid for bad odor and difficult management and hence castrate them. Almost all farmers depend on natural mating to serve their does by passing a significant distance. The average service charge was found BDT 70.90±1.77, which differs significantly (P< 0.05) among four upazilas. No significant difference was found in performance of goats among four upazilas. The average body weight at 3 and 6 months of age of female goats were 4.67 ± 0.15 and 7.12±0.14 kg respectively. The average litter size was found 1.76±0.75 and the average kid mortality rate was 12.88% in Mymensingh district. From this study, it became evident that acute shortage of Black Bengal breeding bucks exists in the rural areas which may represent the overall situation of the country.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 46-51
The impending threat of an Influenza pandemic
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Zafor Ullah , Alamgir ASM , Munshi Saifullah
Published: September 2016

No AbstractBangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (01):1-3
Rapid Diagnosis of Bacterial Pneumonia in Under-five Children by Latex Particle Agglutination Test in Urine
Authors: Begum Shahin Ara , Rashid Aliya , Rhman Md. Abdur , Chowdhury Akhtaruzzman , Rahman Sufi HZ , Muazzam Naima
Published: September 2016

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b are the main causes of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in developing countries including Bangladesh. This study was carried out to find a rapid diagnostic method for early detection of bacterial pneumonia. Latex Particle Agglutination Test (LPAT) was done in urine for quick detection of capsular antigens of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae type b. Three hundred children were enrolled based on clinical criteria as defined by the WHO. Among them, 70 pneumonic children, who had total white blood cell counts around  20000/ mm3, Neutrophils ? 75% and consolidation on chest X-rays, were selected for LPAT in urine. Some 20 children of the same age group, who had chest diseases other than pneumonia, were selected as sick control group. Among 70 pneumonic cases, 36 (51.43%) were positive by LPAT in urine. Out of 36 LPAT-positive cases, 19 (52.7%) were positive for S. pneumoniae and 17 (47.3%) were positive for H. influenzae type b by specific anti-sera. The LPAT is thus appears as a quick and reliable test for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia cases caused by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae type b.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (01):17-20
Therapeutic Options in Infections by Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Organisms
Authors: Hasan Zahidul
Published: September 2016

No Abstract AvailableBangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 36-37
Usefulness of a Multiplex PCR for Detection of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in a Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratory Setting
Authors: Nessa Khairun , Ahmed Dilruba , Islam Johirul , Kabir FM Lutful , Hossain M Anowar
Published: September 2016

A multiplex PCR assay was evaluated for diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in stool samples of patients with diarrhoea submitted to a diagnostic microbiology laboratory. Two procedures of DNA template preparationproteinase K buffer method and the boiling method were evaluated to examine isolates of E. coli from 150 selected diarrhoeal cases. By proteinase K buffer method, 119 strains (79.3%) of E. coli were characterized to various categories by their genes that included 55.5% enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), 18.5% enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), 1.7% enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and 0.8% Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Although boiling method was less time consuming (<24 hrs) and less costly (<8.0 US $/ per test) but was less efficient in typing E. coli compared to proteinase K method (41.3% vs. 79.3% ; p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of boiling method compared to proteinase K method was 48.7% and 87.1% while the positive and negative predictive value was 93.5% and 30.7%, respectively. The majority of pathogenic E. coli were detected in children (78.0%) under five years age with 53.3% under one year, and 68.7% of the children were male. Children under 5 years age were frequently infected with EAEC (71.6%) compared to ETEC (24.3%), EPEC (2.7%) and STEC (1.4%). The multiplex PCR assay could be effectively used as a rapid diagnostic tool for characterization of diarrheagenic E. coli using a single reaction tube in the clinical laboratory setting.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 38-42
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Patients Attending BSMMU, Dhaka
Authors: Begum Ayesha , Tabassum Shahina , Islam Md. Nazrul , Afzalunnessa Ms
Published: September 2016

The present study was done to determine the seroprevalence of the infection by Hepatitis E virus (HEV) among patients attending Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. Serum samples from 408 subjects, aged between 0-69 years, attending BSMMU from different rural and urban areas of Bangladesh were tested for HEV IgG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-HEV IgG was found among 20.6% of the study population. A higher rate of seropositivity (26.1%) was found among patients attending from urban than those from rural (15.1%) areas which is statistically significant (P < 0.01). A gradual rise in prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was observed among the study population according to age, starting from 10.6% in the 0-9 years age group and increasing with higher age thereafter. The HEV IgG prevalence reached its highest (28.3%) in the 30-39 years, which remained at around the same level in the 40-49 years (25.0%) and 50-59 years (26.0%), with a drop of incidence in the 60-69 years age group (17.8%). The study indicates HEV infection as a public health problem in Bangladesh and suggests to ensure increased awareness to prevent andcontrol future outbreaks.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 52-55
Anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG in Asymptomatic Population
Authors: Sumona Asma Azad , Hossain Md. Akram , Shamsuzzaman AKM , Musa AKM , Mahmud Md. Chand , Ali Md. Shawkat , Khan Mohammad Shoeb , Ahmed Salma , Begum Zohra , Zahan Nahida Akther , Ahmed Mejbah Uddin
Published: September 2016

To evaluate the serologic (IgG) response to Helicobacter pylori in asymptomatic population, a total of 45 asymptomatic healthy adults aged 18-65 years were included in the study. The study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College between July, 2006 to June, 2007. The sera samples of the participants were tested for presence of anti-H. pylori IgG by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Seropositivity rate for anti-H. pylori IgG in asymptomatic adults was found 88.89% at a cut-off level of 5 arbU/ml. The impact of changing cut-off level for IgG seropositivity was also examined in the present study. The seropositivity rate for anti-H. pylori IgG at 10 arbU/ml was found 71.11%.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; 02 (02): 31-34
Berry Fruit Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Vendrame Stefano , Del Bo’ Cristian , Ciappellano Salvatore , Riso Patrizia , Klimis-Zacas Dorothy
Published: September 2016

Metabolic Syndrome is a cluster of risk factors which often includes central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, as well as a pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, and pro-thrombotic environment. This leads to a dramatically increased risk of developing type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death both in the United States and worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that berry fruit consumption has a significant potential in the prevention and treatment of most risk factors associated with Metabolic Syndrome and its cardiovascular complications in the human population. This is likely due to the presence of polyphenols with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, such as anthocyanins and/or phenolic acids. The present review summarizes the findings of recent dietary interventions with berry fruits on human subjects with or at risk of Metabolic Syndrome. It also discusses the potential role of berries as part of a dietary strategy which could greatly reduce the need for pharmacotherapy, associated with potentially deleterious side effects and constituting a considerable financial burden.
Integrating Textural and Spectral Features to Classify Silicate-Bearing Rocks Using Landsat 8 Data
Authors: Wei Jiali , Liu Xiangnan , Liu Jilei
Published: September 2016

Texture as a measure of spatial features has been useful as supplementary information to improve image classification in many areas of research fields. This study focuses on assessing the ability of different textural vectors and their combinations to aid spectral features in the classification of silicate rocks. Texture images were calculated from Landsat 8 imagery using a fractal dimension method. Different combinations of texture images, fused with all seven spectral bands, were examined using the Jeffries–Matusita (J–M) distance to select the optimal input feature vectors for image classification. Then, a support vector machine (SVM) fusing textural and spectral features was applied for image classification. The results showed that the fused SVM classifier achieved an overall classification accuracy of 83.73%. Compared to the conventional classification method, which is based only on spectral features, the accuracy achieved by the fused SVM classifier is noticeably improved, especially for granite and quartzose rock, which shows an increase of 38.84% and 7.03%, respectively. We conclude that the integration of textural and spectral features is promising for lithological classification when an appropriate method is selected to derive texture images and an effective technique is applied to select the optimal feature vectors for image classification.
How Doth the Little Crocodilian: Analyzing the Influence of Environmental Viscosity on Feeding Performance of Juvenile Alligator mississippiensis
Authors: Kerfoot James , Easter Emily , Elsey Ruth
Published: September 2016

Wetland habitats are used as nursery sites for hatchling and juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), where they utilize prey from aquatic and terrestrial settings. However, little is known about how viscosity of the medium influences feeding performance. We hypothesized that timing and linear excursion feeding kinematic variables would be different for individuals feeding on prey above the water compared with the same individuals feeding underwater. Individuals were fed immobile fish prey and feeding events were recorded using a high speed video camera. Feeding performance was summarized by analyzing three feeding kinematic variables (maximum gape, maximum gape velocity, duration of feeding bout) and success of strike. Results of a series of paired t-tests indicated no significant difference in kinematic variables between feeding events above water compared with underwater. Similarity in feeding performance could indicate that prey-capture is not altered by environmental viscosity or that feeding behavior can mitigate its influence. Behavioral differences were observed during feeding events with alligators approaching underwater prey having their mouths partially opened versus fully closed when feeding above water. This behavior could be an indication of a strategy used to overcome water viscosity.
Assessing the Attitudes and Clinical Practices of Ohio Dentists Treating Patients with Dental Anxiety
Authors: Williams Kristin , Lambaria Sarah , Askounes Sara
Published: September 2016

Dental anxiety (DA) negatively affects patients’ oral and overall health. This study explored attitudes and clinical practices of licensed Ohio general dentists who treat patients with DA. Methods: An anonymous self-administered mail survey was sent to 500 general dentists licensed and practicing in Ohio. Responses to 21 pre-coded questions were analyzed. Frequencies were examined; cross-tabs, Chi-Square, and Fischer’s Exact Test were calculated for statements according to dentists’ gender. Alpha was set at p = 0.05. Results: Nearly all respondents treated anxious patients; males were more likely to find it challenging than females. Dentists were most familiar with distraction, although half found nitrous oxide to be an effective tool. Female dentists were more likely than males to be familiar with anxiolytics and find them effective. Conclusion: Overall, Ohio general dentists are most familiar with using distraction and nitrous oxide during appointments for anxious patients. Gender differences exist in attitudes towards anxiolytic use for patients with DA. Practice Implications: By identifying techniques that are comfortable for patient and practitioner, oral health disparities associated with DA may be reduced.
Resolving the Base of the Relativistic Jet in M87 at 6Rsch Resolution with Global mm-VLBI
Authors: Kim Jae-Young , Lu Ru-Sen , Krichbaum Thomas , Bremer Michael , Zensus J. , Walker R. ,   The M87 collaboration
Published: September 2016

M87 is one of the nearest radio galaxies with a central Super-Massive Black Hole (SMBH) and a prominent relativistic jet. Due to its close distance to the observer and the large SMBH mass, the source is one of the best laboratories to obtain strong observational constraints on the theoretical models for the formation and evolution of the AGN jets. In this article, we present preliminary results from our ongoing observational study about the innermost jet of M87 at an ultra-high resolution of ∼50 μ as achieved by the Global Millimeter-Very Long Baseline Interferometry Array (GMVA). The data obtained between 2004 and 2015 clearly show limb-brightened jets at extreme resolution and sensitivity. Our preliminary analysis reveals that the innermost jet expands in an edge-brightened cone structure (parabolic shape) but with the jet expansion profile slightly different from the outer regions of the jet. Brightness temperatures of the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) core obtained from cm- to mm-wavelengths show a systematic evolution, which can be interpreted as the evolution as a function of distance from the BH. We also adopt an alternative imaging algorithm, Bi-Spectrum Maximum Entropy Method (BSMEM), to test reliable imaging at higher angular resolution than provided by the standard CLEAN method (i.e., super-resolution). A demonstration with a VLBA 7 mm example data set shows consistent results with a near-in-time 3 mm VLBI image. Application of the method to the 2009 GMVA data yields an image with remarkable fine-scale structures that have been never imaged before. We present a brief interpretation of the complexity in the structure.
Universal Stress Proteins as New Targets for Environmental and Therapeutic Interventions of Schistosomiasis
Authors: Masamba Priscilla , Adenowo Abiola , Oyinloye Babatunji , Kappo Abidemi
Published: September 2016

In spite of various control measures and eradication methods that have been in progress, schistosomiasis still prevails as one of the most prevalent debilitating parasitic diseases, typically affecting the poor and the underprivileged that are predominantly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa. The parasitic schistosome blood fluke responsible for causing the disease completes its complex developmental cycle in two hosts: humans and freshwater snails, where they physically undergo gross modifications to endure the different conditions associated with each host. Just like any other organism, the worm possesses mechanisms that help them respond to environmental insults. It has been hypothesized that a special class of proteins known as Universal Stress Proteins (USPs) are up-regulated during sudden environmental changes, thus assisting the worm to tolerate the unfavourable conditions associated with its developmental cycle. The position of praziquantel as the drug of choice against all schistosome infections has been deemed vulnerable due to mounting concerns over drug pressure and so the need for alternative treatment is now a matter of urgency. Therefore, this review seeks to explore the associations and possible roles of USPs in schistosomiasis as well as the functioning of these proteins in the schistosomulae stage in order to develop new therapeutic interventions against this disease.
Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollutants on the Inflammatory Response and Respiratory Symptoms: A Panel Study in Schoolchildren from Rural Areas of Japan
Authors: Watanabe Masanari , Noma Hisashi , Kurai Jun , Sano Hiroyuki , Hantan Degejirihu , Ueki Masaru , Kitano Hiroya , Shimizu Eiji
Published: September 2016

The relationship between particulate air pollutants and respiratory symptoms in children has not been consistent among studies, potentially owing to differences in the inflammatory response to different particulate air pollutants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of particulate air pollutants on respiratory symptoms and the inflammatory response in schoolchildren. Three hundred-and-sixty children were included in the study. The children recorded daily respiratory symptom scores for October 2015. In addition, the daily amount of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production was assessed in THP1 cells stimulated with suspended particulate matter (SPM), which was collected every day during the study period. Generalized estimating equation logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the associations among respiratory symptoms and the daily levels of SPM, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Daily SPM levels were not associated with respiratory symptoms or the daily IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels. Conversely, there was a significant association between respiratory symptoms and the daily IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels. These results suggested that the effects of particulate air pollutants on respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren might depend more on the pro-inflammatory response to them than on their mass concentration.
Internet-Supported Physical Exercise Training for Persons with Multiple Sclerosis—A Randomised, Controlled Study
Authors: Tallner Alexander , Streber René , Hentschke Christian , Morgott Marc , Geidl Wolfgang , Mäurer Mathias , Pfeifer Klaus
Published: September 2016

Physical exercise is effective in improving functional outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). We evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of internet-based exercise training (e-training) for pwMS on health-related quality of life (HrQoL). Secondary outcomes were muscle strength, aerobic capacity, lung function, physical activity, and fatigue. This is a randomised, controlled trial with a wait-list control group. Data were collected at baseline, after three and six months, and analysed using a hybrid linear model. One-hundred twenty-six pwMS participated in the home-based aerobic (1×/week) and strength training (2×/week) intervention that was supervised and documented via an internet-platform. The intervention group received e-training for six months, and the control group received e-training after a three months waiting period. Significant differences between the groups were only observed for muscle strength (knee flexion (effect size ES = 0.3, p = 0.003), knee extension (ES = 0.24, p = 0.015)), peak expiratory flow (ES = 0.2, p = 0.039), and sports activity (ES = 0.33, p = 0.001) after three months. E-training had no effect on HrQoL but did on muscle strength, lung function, and physical activity. It is a promising and feasible approach to facilitate large-scale, yet individual, training support.
Implications of Hypoxia in Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone
Authors: Gilkes Daniele
Published: September 2016

Most solid tumors contain regions of hypoxia in which increased cell proliferation promotes increased oxygen consumption and the condition is further exacerbated as cancer cells become localized far from a functional blood vessel, further decreasing the oxygen supply. An important mechanism that promotes cell adaptation to hypoxic conditions is the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Hypoxia-inducible factors transcriptionally regulate many genes involved in the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Patients, whose primary tumor biopsies show high HIF expression levels, have a greater risk of metastasis. The current review will highlight the potential role of hypoxia in breast cancer metastasis to the bone by considering the regulation of many steps in the metastatic process that include invasion, migration, margination and extravasation, as well as homing signals and regulation of the bone microenvironment.
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan—Agarose Composite Films
Authors: Hu Zhang , Hong Pengzhi , Liao Mingneng , Kong Songzhi , Huang Na , Ou Chunyan , Li Sidong
Published: September 2016

Nowadays, there is a growing interest to develop biodegradable functional composite materials for food packaging and biomedicine applications from renewable sources. Some composite films were prepared by the casting method using chitosan (CS) and agarose (AG) in different mass ratios. The composite films were analyzed for physical-chemical-mechanical properties including tensile strength (TS), elongation-at-break (EB), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), swelling ratio, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and morphology observations. The antibacterial properties of the composite films were also evaluated. The obtained results reveal that an addition of AG in varied proportions to a CS solution leads to an enhancement of the composite film’s tensile strength, elongation-at-break, and water vapor transmission rate. The composite film with an agarose mass concentration of 60% was of the highest water uptake capacity. These improvements can be explained by the chemical structures of the new composite films, which contain hydrogen bonding interactions between the chitosan and agarose as shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and the micro-pore structures as observed with optical microscopes and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial results demonstrated that the films with agarose mass concentrations ranging from 0% to 60% possessed antibacterial properties. These results indicate that these composite films, especially the composite film with an agarose mass concentration of 60%, exhibit excellent potential to be used in food packaging and biomedical materials.
Metabolomics and Cheminformatics Analysis of Antifungal Function of Plant Metabolites
Authors: Cuperlovic-Culf Miroslava , Rajagopalan NandhaKishore , Tulpan Dan , Loewen Michele
Published: September 2016

Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat. Partial resistance to FHB of several wheat cultivars includes specific metabolic responses to inoculation. Previously published studies have determined major metabolic changes induced by pathogens in resistant and susceptible plants. Functionality of the majority of these metabolites in resistance remains unknown. In this work we have made a compilation of all metabolites determined as selectively accumulated following FHB inoculation in resistant plants. Characteristics, as well as possible functions and targets of these metabolites, are investigated using cheminformatics approaches with focus on the likelihood of these metabolites acting as drug-like molecules against fungal pathogens. Results of computational analyses of binding properties of several representative metabolites to homology models of fungal proteins are presented. Theoretical analysis highlights the possibility for strong inhibitory activity of several metabolites against some major proteins in Fusarium graminearum, such as carbonic anhydrases and cytochrome P450s. Activity of several of these compounds has been experimentally confirmed in fungal growth inhibition assays. Analysis of anti-fungal properties of plant metabolites can lead to the development of more resistant wheat varieties while showing novel application of cheminformatics approaches in the analysis of plant/pathogen interactions.
Lycopene, Lutein and Zeaxanthin May Reduce Faecal Blood, Mucus and Pus but not Abdominal Pain in Individuals with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Głąbska Dominika , Guzek Dominika , Zakrzewska Paulina , Włodarek Dariusz , Lech Gustaw
Published: September 2016

Background: The main symptom of ulcerative colitis is diarrhoea, which is often accompanied by painful tenesmus and faecal blood and mucus. It sometimes co-occurs with abdominal pain, fever, feeling of fatigue, loss of appetite and weight loss. Some dietary factors have been indicated as important in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. The aim of the study was to analyse the association between retinoid intake (total vitamin A, retinol, β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin) and ulcerative colitis symptoms (abdominal pain, faecal blood, faecal mucus, faecal pus) in individuals with ulcerative colitis in remission. Methods: Assessment of diet was based on self-reported data from each patient’s dietary records taken over a period of three typical, random days (2 weekdays and 1 day of the weekend). Results: A total of 56 individuals with ulcerative colitis in remission (19 males and 37 females) were recruited for the study. One in every four individuals with ulcerative colitis in remission was characterised as having inadequate vitamin A intake. Higher lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin intakes in individuals with ulcerative colitis in remission were associated with lower faecal blood, mucus and pus but not with lower incidence of abdominal pain. Higher carotene intake in individuals with ulcerative colitis in remission may contribute to higher incidence of faecal mucus. Conclusions: Optimising intake of specific retinoids may enhance disease control in individuals with ulcerative colitis. Prospective studies, including patient reported and objective outcomes, are required to confirm this.
Advocating for both Environmental and Clinical Approaches to Control Human Strongyloidiasis
Authors: Beknazarova Meruyert , Whiley Harriet , Ross Kirstin
Published: September 2016

Strongyloidiasis is an underestimated disease caused by the soil-transmitted parasite of the genus Strongyloides. It is prevalent in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities and it is estimated that global infection could be as high as 370 million people. This paper explores current methods of strongyloidiasis treatment, which rely on administration of anthelminthic drugs. However these drugs cannot prevent reinfection and drug resistance has already been observed in veterinary models. This highlights the need for a combined approach for controlling Strongyloides that includes both clinical treatment and environmental control methods. Currently, nematicides are widely used to control plant parasites. The review suggests that due to the species’ similarity and similar modes of action, these nematicides could also be used to control animal and human parasitic nematodes in the environment.
A Quantitative Comparison of Total Suspended Sediment Algorithms: A Case Study of the Last Decade for MODIS and Landsat-Based Sensors
Authors: Dorji Passang , Fearns Peter
Published: September 2016

A quantitative comparative study was performed to assess the relative applicability of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) models published in the last decade for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat-based sensors. The quantitative comparison was performed using a suite of statistical tests and HydroLight simulated data for waters ranging from clear open ocean case-1 to turbid coastal case-2 waters. The quantitative comparison shows that there are clearly some high performing TSS models that can potentially be applied in mapping TSS concentration for regions of uncertain water type. The highest performing TSS models tested were robust enough to retrieve TSS from different water types with Mean Absolute Relative Errors (MARE) of 69.96%–481.82% for HydroLight simulated data. The models were also compared in regional waters of northern Western Australia where the highest performing TSS models yielded a MARE in the range of 43.11%–102.59%. The range of Smallest Relative Error (SRE) and Largest Relative Error (LRE) between the highest and the lowest performing TSS models spanned three orders of magnitude, suggesting users must be cautious in selecting appropriate models for unknown water types.
Panoramic Mosaics from Chang’E-3 PCAM Images at Point A
Authors: Wu Fanlu , Wang Xiangjun , Wei Hong , Liu Jianjun , Liu Feng , Yang Jinsheng
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a unique approach for panoramic mosaics based on Moon surface images from the Chang’E-3 (CE-3) mission, with consideration of the exposure time and external illumination changes in CE-3 Panoramic Camera (PCAM) imaging. The engineering implementation involves algorithms of image feature points extraction by using Speed-Up Robust Features (SURF), and a newly defined measure is used to obtain the corresponding points in feature matching. Then, the transformation matrix is calculated and optimized between adjacent images by the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. Finally, an image is reconstructed by using a fade-in-fade-out method based on linear interpolation to achieve a seamless mosaic. The developed algorithm has been tested with CE-3 PCAM images at Point A (one of the rover sites where the rover is separated from the lander). This approach has produced accurate mosaics from CE-3 PCAM images, as is indicated by the value of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), which is greater than 31 dB between the overlapped region of the images before and after fusion.
Compensation of Verdet Constant Temperature Dependence by Crystal Core Temperature Measurement
Authors: Petricevic Slobodan , Mihailovic Pedja
Published: September 2016

Compensation of the temperature dependence of the Verdet constant in a polarimetric extrinsic Faraday sensor is of major importance for applying the magneto-optical effect to AC current measurements and magnetic field sensing. This paper presents a method for compensating the temperature effect on the Faraday rotation in a Bi12GeO20 crystal by sensing its optical activity effect on the polarization of a light beam. The method measures the temperature of the same volume of crystal that effects the beam polarization in a magnetic field or current sensing process. This eliminates the effect of temperature difference found in other indirect temperature compensation methods, thus allowing more accurate temperature compensation for the temperature dependence of the Verdet constant. The method does not require additional changes to an existing Δ/Σ configuration and is thus applicable for improving the performance of existing sensing devices.
A Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the ICECAP-O: Test–Retest Reliability and Item Relevance in Swedish 70-Year-Olds
Authors: Hörder Helena , Gustafsson Susanne , Rydberg Therese , Skoog Ingmar , Waern Margda
Published: September 2016

Background: While there is a plethora of Quality of Life (QoL) measures, the Investigating Choice Experiments for the Preferences of Older People—CAPability index (ICECAP-O) is one of the few that taps into the concept of capability, i.e., opportunities to 'do' and 'be' the things that one deems important in life. We aimed to examine test–retest reliability of the ICECAP-O in a Swedish context and to study item relevance. Methods: Thirty-nine 70-year-olds who took part in a population-based health study completed the Swedish version of the ICECAP-O on two occasions. We analyzed the test–retest reliability for the index and for the individual items. Participants also rated the relevance of each item on a visual analogue scale (0–100). Results: Test–retest reliability for the index score was in good agreement with an ICC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.62–0.90). However, Kappa was low for each item and ranged from 0.18 (control) to 0.41 (role). For attachment, we found a systematic disagreement with lower ratings at the second test occasion. Participants gave their highest relevance rating to attachment and lowest to enjoyment. Conclusion: The Swedish version of the ICECAP-O had good test–retest agreement, similar to that observed for the English version. Item level agreement was problematic, however, highlighting a need for future research.
Experimental Air-Tightness Analysis in Mediterranean Buildings after Windows Retrofit
Authors: D’Ambrosio Alfano Francesca , Dell’Isola Marco , Ficco Giorgio , Palella Boris , Riccio Giuseppe
Published: September 2016

Energy saving and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in buildings are strongly affected by air leakages. Several studies reveal that the energy loss owing to leaky windows can account for up to 40% of the total building energy demand. Furthermore, at the design stage, the possible infiltration of outdoor air through windows is not taken into account when determining the nominal outdoor airflow rate of the ventilation system. This practice may result in an oversizing of the ventilation system and consequent energy waste. Thus, the air-tightness class of a wall assembly should be assessed for each window component considering the type of material, the presence of the seal, the type of closure, the sealing and the maintenance condition. In this paper, the authors present the experimental results of air-tightness measurements carried out using the fan pressurization method in three residential buildings located in the Mediterranean region before and after a window retrofit. Two different window retrofits were investigated: the application of rubber seals on window frames and the substitution of existing windows with new certified high performance windows. The effectiveness of such retrofits was estimated also in terms of energy saving. Test results demonstrated a high variability of the building air tightness after window retrofits, despite the fact that air tight–certified windows were used.
Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of New Generation Ti-45Nb Porous Alloys Implant Devices
Authors: Prashanth Konda , Zhuravleva Ksenia , Okulov Ilya , Calin Mariana , Eckert Jürgen , Gebert Annett
Published: September 2016

Strategies to improve the mechanical compatibility of Ti-based materials for hard tissue implant applications are directed towards significant stiffness reduction by means of the adjustment of suitable β-phases and porous device architectures. In the present study, the effect of different compaction routes of the gas-atomized β-Ti-45Nb powder on the sample architecture, porosity, and on resulting mechanical properties in compression was investigated. Green powder compacted and sintered at 1000 °C had a porosity varying between 8% and 12%, strength between 260 and 310 MPa, and Young’s modulus ranging between 18 and 21 GPa. Hot pressing of the powder without or with subsequent sintering resulted in microporosity varying between 1% and 3%, ultimate strength varying between 635 and 735 MPa, and Young’s modulus between 55 and 69 GPa. Samples produced with NaCl space-holder by hot-pressing resulted in a macroporosity of 45% and a high strength of ˃200 MPa, which is higher than the strength of a human cortical bone. Finally, the corrosion tests were carried out to prove that the presence of residual NaCl traces will not influence the performance of the porous implant in the human body.
Salamine et Kition. Mission française 1964-2004
Authors: Yon Marguerite
Published: September 2016

Depuis 40 ans, le programme de la mission archéologique française de Salamine et Kition (Université Lyon-2) a porté sur une longue période de l'histoire de la partie orientale de l'île, depuis la dernière phase du Bronze Récent (XIIIe s av. J.-C.) jusqu'aux raids arabes du VIIe s. apr. J.-C, en combinant les données de la documentation archéologique avec celles des témoignages littéraires et épigraphiques ; sur le terrain, les travaux de fouilles, interrompus à Salamine par l'invasion de 1974, se sont poursuivis sur le site de Kition à Larnaca. Quatre moments forts de l'histoire ont été choisis pour mettre en évidence les résultats obtenus : la transition Âge du Bronze / Période Géométrique, l'arrivée des Phéniciens à Chypre, les rivalités de l'époque classique et la renaissance de Salamine-Constantia au début des temps byzantins.
Pierres à cupules d'Amathonte
Authors: Fourrier Sabine
Published: September 2016

La découverte de quatre pierres à cupules dans le sanctuaire d'Aphrodite à Amathonte invite à reprendre la question de la datation et de la signification de ces petits objets. De fait, le contexte amathousien - pas de trace d'occupation du site à l'Age du Bronze, association d'une des pierres avec un dispositif lié à la pratique de libations - offre de nouveaux indices pour suggérer que les pierres à cupules peuvent être un mobilier caractéristique des sanctuaires chypriotes de l'Âge du Fer et non pas seulement des «gaming stones» de l'Âge du Bronze.
Zyprische Bronzeschalen der geometrischen und archaischen Periode. Eine Studie zu Typologie, Chronologie, Epigraphik und kultureller Außenwirkung zyprischen Metallhandwerks des frühen ersten Jahrtausends v. Chr.
Authors: Buchholz Hans-Günter , Matthäus Hartmut
Published: September 2016

Des bols hémisphériques comportant tout autour de la paroi intérieure, sous le rebord, un bourrelet ou une arête comptent parmi les productions caractéristiques de l'artisanat du bronze à Chypre. Les vases de ce type, largement répandus dans l'île entre le Chypro-Géom. III et la fin du Chypro-Arch., ont été exportés vers le monde égéen (Eubée, Crète, Ithaque) : ils font ainsi partie des éléments qui permettent de mieux mettre en lumière les contacts culturels en Méditerranée orientale. Un bol en bronze de cette série, conservé dans une collection privée, présente le nom du propriétaire inscrit en syllabaire à l'intérieur du vase, ce qui est très inhabituel. On étudie plus précisément, à cette occasion, la fonction et le contenu de ce type d'inscription vasculaire.
Analyse archéologique et approches paléoenvironnementales : l'exemple du port de Kition-Bamboula (Larnaca, Chypre)
Authors: Sourisseau Jean-Christophe , Goiran Jean Philippe , Morhange Christophe
Published: September 2016

De récentes études géomorphologiques sur différents ports de la Méditerranée ont mis en évidence l'évolution dynamique des littoraux de l'Antiquité à nos jours. On examine ici le cas de l'antique Kition, moderne Larnaca : les études menées par la mission française révèlent des changements importants entre la période antique (du début du premier millénaire à l'époque impériale), pendant laquelle les ports de Kathari et Bamboula disposaient d'un accès direct à la mer, et l'époque médiévale, qui voit la formation d'une lagune presque fermée, enfin les colmatages du XIXe s. suivis des grands travaux d'urbanisme du XIXe ; la ligne de côte, désormais artificielle, s'est alors fortement éloignée des sites antiques.
Le consulat de France à Larnaca à la fin de la Monarchie de Juillet : la correspondance de Dagobert Fourcade et Théodore Goepp (1840-1849). I. L'organisation de l'institution consulaire. La représentation du gouvernement français
Authors: Bonato Lucie
Published: September 2016

Les consuls de France à Larnaca Dagobert Fourcade (1840-1845) et Théodore Goepp (1845-1849) ont eu avec le ministère des Affaires étrangères une correspondance volumineuse dont l'étude est particulièrement intéressante. Il est possible d'appréhender d'une façon complète, et sous un jour nouveau, la vie du consulat sur une dizaine d'années, alors que, sous la Monarchie de Juillet, la politique étrangère de la France, menée par François Guizot, doit faire face à l'un des épisodes de la Question d'Orient. La première partie est consacrée à un bref historique de l'évolution de l'institution, au personnel consulaire (la «nation française », ses députés, ses juges assesseurs, le consul, le chancelier, le drogman, le zague de la nation, les agents consulaires), ainsi qu'à l'un des principaux rôles du consul, la représentation de sa nation auprès des autorités locales et de l'Église.
«And at Tamassos there are important mines of copper... »(Strabo, Geography, 14.6.5)
Authors: Kassianidou Vasiliki
Published: September 2016

D'après Strabon, il y avait d'importantes mines de cuivre à Tamassos. Situé au pied du Troodos, le site de Tamassos se trouve, de fait, dans l'un des districts miniers de l'île, qui a été exploité de manière intensive durant toute l'Antiquité et à l'époque moderne. Cette région a fait l'objet d'une prospection extensive dans le cadre du Sydney Cyprus Survey Project, dirigé par A. B. Knapp. Au cours de ce programme, nous avons systématiquement enregistré les mines anciennes et les ateliers de fonte, certains d'entre eux n'étant d'ailleurs guère éloignés de Tamassos. Des datations au radiocarbone d'échantillons de charbon ont permis de dater ces installations, tandis que des analyses chimiques et microscopiques permettaient de mieux comprendre les techniques anciennes de la production du cuivre. Ces résultats sont présentés dans l'article, où est également envisagée l'importance des mines de cuivre de Tamassos pour l'économie et l'histoire de Chypre dans l'Antiquité.
Autour de Golgoi : les cités de la Mesaoria aux époques hellénistique et romaine
Authors: Hermary Antoine
Published: September 2016

It seems nearly certain that, at the end of the kingdoms' s period, Golgoi was one of the "small cities" subordinated to a bigger one (Kition or Salamis), not the capital of one autonomous kingdom. The first Ptolemies transformed it in a new polis, like Ledra or Tamassos, and "promoted" the local Aphrodite Golgia who had her main sanctuary to Arsos. Epigraphical and archaeological evidence shows that the chora of the city was, at least between ca. 250 and 150, largely occupied by military settlers and their descendants, forming religious thiasoi devoted to different divinities. However, Golgoi's role declined during the Roman period to the advantage of neighbouring Tremithous.
Excavations at the site of Palaion Demarcheion, Lefkosia
Authors: Violaris Yiannis
Published: September 2016

Cet article présente quelques-uns des résultats obtenus lors des fouilles conduites en 2002-2003, par le Département des Antiquités, sur le site du Palaion Demarcheion à Nicosie. Le site a connu une occupation continue du XIe au XXe siècles apr. J.-C. Les fouilles révèlent une partie de ce qui fut la capitale byzantine et médiévale de l'île. Elle possédait des églises, des constructions monumentales privées et/ou publiques, des ateliers, des puits, ainsi que d'autres structures architecturales qui, comme c'est souvent le cas pour les centres urbains occupés durant une longue période, ne survivent que dans un état très fragmentaire.
Les ambitions des rois de Kition
Authors: Yon Marguerite
Published: September 2016

In the Eastern part of Cyprus, the modifications of the kingdoms' borders throughout the Classical period reflect the Kition's kings ambitious expansion towards the North, at the expense of the ancient kingdom of Idalion, and sometimes towards the North-West, or the North-East, in competition with Salamis.

From the Persian Wars to the submission of the island by Ptolemy Soter at the end of the 4th century B.C., we can follow the historical phases of alternate conquests and withdrawal of the Kition kingdom. In the case of Idalion and its submission to Kition, the establishment of a new political entity had many consequences, political, economical as well ideological and cultural, some features of which can still be seen late as the 3rd century B.C.
Art and religion in the Cypriote Mesaoria. The view from Athienou-Malloura
Authors: Counts Derek
Published: September 2016

La sculpture votive constitue une documentation particulièrement intéressante dans le cadre d'une approche régionale de l'archéologie de Chypre. Les nombreuses sculptures de calcaire et de terre cuite témoignent d'un intense mouvement d'idées religieuses et artistiques qui offrent des indices sur les échanges intra-régionaux. Un des meilleurs endroits pour étudier ces échanges est le paysage religieux de la Mesaoria, parsemée de sanctuaires regroupés autour des centres urbains importants (Kition, Salamine, Golgoi, Idalion, Tamassos). À partir des fouilles d'Athienou-Malloura, j'examine les thymiateria en calcaire portant l'image d'une divinité à cornes de bélier généralement appelée Zeus-Ammon, qui, dans au moins cinq sanctuaires, faisait partie d'une triade avec les types divins dits «Héraklès chypriote » et «Pan » : ils révèlent des parallèles iconographiques et des attributs mettant en avant leur rôle de «potnios theron » (maître des animaux). On a jusqu'ici souligné plutôt les différences entre les images divines : je démontre que ces attributs représentent une construction idéologique commune dans le cadre d'un culte régional, et sont différentes manifestations d'une même divinité principale. Un modèle d'assimilation divine met en évidence l'existence d'une koine religieuse dans la Mesaoria aux périodes archaïque, classique et hellénistique, et rend compte des similarités stylistiques et typologiques évoquées plus haut.
Craftsmanship and the cultural / political identity of the Cypriote kingdoms. The case of Idalion and Tamassos
Authors: Nys Karin , Recke Matthias
Published: September 2016

Dans cette contribution, nous examinons les rapports entre les entités politiques chypriotes de l'Âge du Fer et leur production artistique. Les données disponibles provenant d'Idalion et de Tamassos nous permettent de chercher si les styles régionaux étaient dictés et contrôlés par les élites du pouvoir. Nous examinons aussi ce que cela implique sur les interactions entre ces deux royaumes à l'Âge du Fer.