bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Figure of the Neighbor: Los Angeles Past and Future
Authors: Cuff Dana
Published: February 2007

The neighbor, as spatial identity and local practice, is investigated in socio-political terms. The architecture of urban neighborhoods in conjunction with their social narratives provides the focus for this study of Los Angeles. Four neighborhoods across the city offer physical evidence of the space between house and city, and the zone between domestic privacy and the public realm. Settings in that zone embody the figure of the neighbor, situating society's most intimate political relations. Multiple aspects of the figure of the neighbor are explored, from physical forms such as porches and courtyards, to social forms of self and other. Historically, the four case neighborhoods range from the early twentieth century to the present. They demonstrate the emergence of locally based civility, such as cooperative community services, as well as political activism with implications for a wider public sphere. The argument is made that the neighborhood is the smallest unit of urban political life and space, thus deserving significant attention. A final case study demonstrates the potential of a community-oriented, experimental architecture.
L.A. Race Woman: Charlotta Bass and the Complexities of Black Political Development in Los Angeles
Authors: Freer Regina
Published: February 2007

Using her platform as owner and editor of Los Angeles's prominent black newspaper the California Eagle from 1912-1951, L.A. race woman Charlotta Bass was at the center of black political life of the city. This article examines her life and political activism as they offer a lens into the history of black community response to the particular demography, geography, politics and economics of Los Angeles and African American's expectations of what life should be like in the city. While black Angelenos confronted pitched job market competition and familiar white resistance to black advancement, blacks in L.A. did experience a form of refracted racism; they had unprecedented home ownership levels, racist violence was much less common than it was in the South, and the presence of other people of color meant white racism was not solely directed at the black community. But even while they recognized these relatively favorable circumstances, blacks in L.A. were not complacent; rather they used these circumstances to develop unique, aggressive forms of civil rights activism. Access to L.A.'s version of the American Dream was a central goal for black Angelenos. Though conditions and priorities changed over time, African Americans in the city consistently measured their success more by their relative position to white Angelenos than by comparing their condition to blacks elsewhere. They combined ideologies that elsewhere competed, chose multifaceted allies in their struggle and demanded access to opportunities that blacks elsewhere did not expect to enjoy. While popular and scholarly perspectives regularly truncate L.A.'s black history by locating its birth with the Watt's riots of 1965 and circumscribe black history making to such expressions of hopelessness, political struggle like that practiced by Bass and other black Angelenos signals hope as much as it does frustration. Her life offers a path to a richer understanding of the sunshine and noir of black political development in Los Angeles prior to 1965 and helps us to identify the city as a site of historical political resistance.
Best MTA Bus Line: The Number 18, yes, let's take a trip down Whittier Boulevard
Authors: Norte Marisela
Published: February 2007

In the spoken word art of Marisela Norte, the autobiography of Horace Tapscott, and the social movement strategies of the Bus Riders Union, we can see how struggles for discursive space emerge from struggles over physical place. Local battles in Los Angeles reflect and shape the unequal distribution of riches, rewards, rights, and representation all over the world. Especially at this moment, when some of the most powerful individuals and institutions in our society are attempting to fashion a monologic understanding of "America" the plurality and diversity within the imagination of artrsts and activists in Los Angeles is especially important.
Heavy Petting in Catullus
Authors: Pomeroy Arthur John
Published: February 2007

The nature of the passer in Catullus 3 has been frequently discussed. This paper considers the generic relationship of the poem to Greek epitaphic epigrams and Roman elogia. In particular, it examines laments for deceased deliciae and the light this throws on Roman relationships to their pets, be they animal or human.
Searching for Paradise: Landscape, Utopia, and Rome
Authors: Evans Rhiannon
Published: February 2007

This paper is an investigation of utopian landscapes in Roman art and texts. It argues for "utopia" as an historically contingent idea, which is not dependant upon the construction of a total system (such as Thomas More's). The idyllic locations associated with the regeneration of the phoenix are politically exploited by Augustus and successive emperors to suggest both eternity and tradition. Successful uses of paradisal landscapes combine Golden Age hyperfertility with the control of time and nature; the ultimate expositions of utopian ambiguity are found in the Altar of Augustan Peace, colonnaded gardens, and landscapes in Roman wall painting.
Center and Periphery in Tacitus's Histories
Authors: Pomeroy Arthur John
Published: February 2007

Contemporary readers are inclined to regard geography through a two-dimensional outline, the most common method of map-drawing. Such representations, however, carry considerable cultural baggage. In the Roman world, it is likely that the relationship between points was more often viewed one-dimensionally as in a strip map. In the Histories, Tacitus manipulates geographical material to imbue it with ethical values and to emphasise the dangers of loss of central control over the extremities of the empire.
Circular Earthwork Krek 52/62: Recent Research on the Prehistory of Cambodia
Authors: Albrecht Gerd , Haidle Miriam Noel , Sivleng. Chhor , Hong. Heang Leang , Sophady. Heng , Than. Heng , Someaphyvath. Mao , Kada. Sirik , Sophal. Som , Chanthourn. Thuy , Laychour. Vin
Published: February 2007

Since 1996 research on circular earthworks in the red soil region of eastern Cambodia
and adjacent Vietnam has intensi�ed. Several as yet undocumented Mimotien
sites have broadened the knowledge about the regional distribution, location, and
the layout of this site group. Within the scope of a German teaching program at the
Royal University of Fine Arts, Phnom Penh, intensive �eldwork at Krek 52/62 and
soundings at Phoum Beng, Phoum Kampoan, and the Groslier site yielded more
detailed information on the function and the dating of circular earthworks. Typically,
the structures are situated on the top of a slight slope and are composed of an
outer wall, an inner trench, and an inner central platform lower than the surrounding
surface. The rampart could not be used as a water storage system. The elevation
at the edge of the inner plateau can no longer be interpreted as intentional construction,
but now is explained as the accumulation of an occupational layer. The
circular earthworks possess one or two entrances that are constructed either as simple
pathways or as complicated bridged systems. Both the pro�le of the sites (a steep
inner side of the outer wall and a shallow inner ditch) and the absence of artifacts
usable as weapons argue against the former interpretation as forti�cations. Rather,
the artifact assemblages of the sites supply evidence for villages of rice farmers.
Fragments of lithophones belong to the archaeological assemblages of two circular
earthworks. The dating of the sites to the Neolithic is questioned. First attempts of
radiocarbon dating of the organic temper of the pottery did not yield clear results.
However, a glass bracelet fragment found in situ well within the occupational layer
of Krek 52/62 gives evidence for the �rst millennium B.C. date.
From the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in Thailand: Applying the Heterarchical Approach
Authors: O'Reilly Dougald J. W.
Published: February 2007

The archaeological evidence of social groups in Thailand has long been noted for
not conforming to the standard paradigms of social organization. This paper investigates
the concept of heterarchy before turning to consider current conceptions of
the Bronze and Iron Ages in Thailand. New evidence from a recently excavated

site, Ban Lum Khao, is considered and evaluated in the context of the existing
knowledge of the period. The current understanding of the Iron Age is also evaluated
and enhanced through the incorporation of data from two sites in northeast
Thailand, Non Muang Kao and Noen U-Loke. The paper concludes that the data
from prehistoric Thailand are better interpreted from a heterarchical perspective.
The possible causative factors of strati�ed social organization are considered from a
heterarchical perspective, examining ceramic production, mortuary practice, demography,
and environment.
Far Western, Western, and Eastern Lapita: A Re-Evaluation
Authors: Summerhayes Glenn
Published: February 2007

Lapita assemblages from the western Pacific have been regionalized into stylistic
boundaries or provinces, known as Far Western, Western, and Eastern, and it has
been thought that differences between them are partly temporal (Far Western) and
mainly a result of isolation after the initial colonization of the area (Western versus
Eastern). This paper assesses these constructions by comparing dentate decorated
Lapita pottery from assemblages in West New Britain, Papua New Guinea, with
assemblages further afield. It is argued here that differences between these style
provinces are primarily due to temporal factors and that the terms Far Western,
Western, and Eastern should be replaced by Early, Middle, and Late Lapita.
Excavations at the Kipapa Rockshelter, Kahikinui, Maui, Hawai'i
Authors: O'Day Sharyn Jones
Published: February 2007

Test excavations of a late precontact to early contact rockshelter site in the traditional district of Kahikinui, Maui, Hawai'i, are discussed. The excavated cultural deposits primarily consist of three combustion features, two informal fire pits, and an earth oven. The deposit contained indigenous Hawaiian artifacts, such as basalt lithics, bone awls, and a fishhook. Fine-screening methods were employed with the use of 1/16 in. (1.59 mm) mesh, and relatively large amounts of fish bone and microfauna were also recovered. Using faunal and material culture evidence, it is argued that the rockshelter is a single component of a traditional Hawaiian household complex (kau hale), probably a cookhouse (hale kahumu).
Northeast Thailand before Angkor: Evidence from an Archaeological Excavation at the Prasat Hin Phimai
Authors: Talbot Sarah , Chutima Janthed
Published: February 2007

Northeast Thailand (Isan) was incorporated into the polity of Angkor around the end of the first millennium a.d. Well before this time, local communities in the Phimai region had adopted important activities such as the use of inscriptions and the construction of religious architecture in permanent materials. In 1998, the Origins of Angkor Project undertook an archaeological excavation at the most important Khmer temple in Thailand, the Prasat Hin Phimai. The excavation recovered late prehistoric ceramics and remains of an early brick structure, probably religious in nature, which had been re-used as part of the foundation of the sandstone Angkorian temple.
Historic Maps and Archaeology as a Means of Understanding Late Precolonial Settlement in the Banda Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Lape Peter V.
Published: February 2007

Archaeological settlement data from the late precolonial Banda Islands of Indonesia is combined with information gathered from historic maps to investigate the process of cross-cultural interaction. In this case, the two data sets are biased and incomplete, but when combined can illuminate aspects of the late precolonial period in Banda that are otherwise hidden. The study uses European drawn maps dating from the late sixteenth to the early eighteenth centuries, and archaeological data from four sites on the islands of Banda Naira, Banda Besar, and Pulau Ay dating from A.D . 500–1700. Combined, the two sets of data suggest that European observers left certain settlements off of maps because of either lack of access or knowledge, or as deliberate means of deemphasizing Bandanese resistance to European colonial efforts. They also suggest that Europeans interacted primarily with Muslim-oriented settlements in Banda.
Current Research on the Island of Ua Huka, Marquesas Archipelago, French Polynesia
Authors: Conte Eric
Published: February 2007

Since 1991, an ethnoarchaeological research program has been carriedout on the islandof Ua Huka (Marquesas Archipelago, French Polynesia). The program included test excavations of early sites, the examination of dwelling and funerary sites, an inventory of surface monuments, an analysis of space utilization in recent periods, and ethnographic observations, all conducted concurrently. The aim of this program is to piece together the history of the Polynesian community inhabiting the islandfrom the time of its arrival, through European contact, and even further.
Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using Archaeological Evidence to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms of Early Historic South India
Authors: Abraham Shinu Anna
Published: February 2007

For the southern Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, the most important documentary
source for information on early South Indian culture is a body of prose
poetry known as the Sangam anthology. These indigenous texts date to the first few
centuries A.D. and comprise the earliest extant examples of Tamil literature. Not
surprisingly, this is also the period to which can be traced the first indications of the
concept of a "Tamil" identity in South India. Archaeologically, the Tamil Sangam
era corresponds roughly to the late Iron Age--Early Historic period (c. 300 B.C. to
A.D. 300), which represents a key stage in the development of South Indian material
culture. Prevailing analyses of early Tamil society have relied heavily on the historical
texts, often at the expense of critically examining the material culture from Kerala
and Tamil Nadu. This study examines the relationship between South Indian
archaeology and history and argues that any framework for interpreting early Tamil
identity must acknowledge the important qualitative differences in the ways that
texts and artifacts construct and reflect ethnic identity, and that archaeologists and
historians must analyze their respective data sets within the larger social, political,
and economic practices of early Tamilakam.
Ehon Gappō ga Tsuji: A Kabuki Drama of Unfettered Evil
Authors: IV Nanboku Tsuruya , Kennelly Paul B.
Published: February 2007

Early nineteenth-century Japanese theatre was dominated by the kabuki playwright Tsuruya Nanboku IV, who seized on the fascination with evil and the vendetta in contemporary literature to create a new type of kabuki play. This genre—of which Ehon Gappō ga Tsuji is the finest example—focuses on the role types of the handsome young villain (iroaku) and wicked woman (akuba) .
Multilingual Theatre in Contemporary Taiwan
Authors: Weinstein John B.
Published: February 2007

Several recent theatrical works in Taiwan have used multiple languages within a single performance. Using two 1997 productions as examples, John B. Weinstein argues that this multilingual technique, which feels natural to playwrights, actors, and audiences in Taiwan, enables the playwrights to explore issues of identity more extensively. Furthermore, the audience's experience varies in accordance with each member's own language background.
Burmese Marionettes: Yokthe Thay in Transition
Authors: Foley Kathy
Published: February 2007

Burmese marionette theatre was a valued entertainment of the courts that came to popular audiences as well until the 1950s. A revival of the art is being led by the Mandalay Marionettes, and a division of puppetry has been instituted at the Yangon (Rangoon) University of Culture. Nationalism and tourism are joint influences in spurring the return to this important art of Myanmar.
Visible Puppets and HiddenPuppeteers: Indian Gombeyata Puppetry
Authors: Schuster Michael
Published: February 2007

Gombeyata is a string and rod puppet tradition of India. Here the relationship between performance practice and religious worship is explored by Michael Schuster, who undertook his initial research on a Fulbright fellowship.
Contest-ing Culture: Sundanese Wayang Golek Purwa Competitions in New Order Indonesia
Authors: Weintraub Andrew N.
Published: February 2007

Government efforts to monitor, regulate, and control the art of wayang dramatically increased during Soeharto's New Order regime (1966-1998). State-sponsored wayang competitions, as well as the aesthetic categories used for evaluating performers, became important sites for merging wayang performance with the goals of the state. Government-sanctioned performance standards were at odds with popular practice, however, which tended to emphasize entertainment, innovation, and communication with audiences.
A Stage in Search of a Tradition: The Dynamics of Form and Content in Post-Maoist Theatre
Authors: Chen Xiaomei
Published: February 2007

This essay examines several modern Chinese spoken dramas known for their formalistic features in early post-Mao theatre. It discusses the dynamics of form and content, Eastern and Western dramatic traditions and styles, and political culture and theatre performance in contemporary China.
Tokyo Notes: A Play by Hirata Oriza
Authors: Hirata Oriza , Poulton M. Cody
Published: February 2007

Hirata Oriza's Tokyo Notes , which has had some forty productions since it won the thirty-ninth Kishida Kunio Award, Japan's highest prize for new drama, in 1995, toured North America in the fall of 2000. In its focus on the understated and ordinary, the play is an exemplary work of the shizuka na engeki (quiet theatre) movement prevalent in Japan in the past decade. In his introduction, translator M.Cody Poulton argues that while Hirata's theatre recalls the naturalism of early-twentieth-century shingeki (new theatre), the playwright's aversion to dramatic convention and overt expressions of emotion or ideological messages, as well as his use of colloquial Japanese, make him a significant voice in contemporary Japanese theatre.
Boundary Crossings: Peter Sellars's Production of Peony Pavilion
Authors: Swatek Catherine
Published: February 2007

Peony Pavilion scholar Catherine Swatek sat in on the New York rehearsals of Peter Sellars's production, was present at the show's opening in Vienna, and later attended performances in London and Berkeley. With extensive knowledge of the text, the performance tradition, and Sellars's production, Professor Swatek discusses the show vis-á-vis the language, imagery, and thematic content of Tang Xianzu's a play.
Restoring an Imagined Past: The National Theatre and the Question of Authenticity in Kabuki
Authors: Thornbury Barbara E.
Published: February 2007

By the mid-1970s, full-play productions (tōshi kyōgen) of kabuki , which were central to the mission of the Kokuritsu Gekijō (National Theatre) when it opened in 1966, had noticeably declined in number. A more eclectic program approach began to dominate the schedule. Lack of money to put into complex tōshi kyōgen , lack of willing and able theatre personnel, and restive audiences have been suggested as causes. Yet they do not really explain what amounts to a reversal of policy. Rather, tōshi kyōgen as "authentic" kabuki at the Kokuritsu Gekijō had symbolized the postwar restoration and revival of Japanese culture as a whole. The history of the tōshi kyōgen project, in fact, can be traced back to the Occupation years-and to influential people such as Faubion Bowers and Onoe Kikugorō VI. Once an adequate degree of success had been achieved in producing tōshi kyōgen , the number of such productions quite logically diminished. The Kokuritsu Gekijō now faces a pressing task: to revitalize kabuki by incubating and nurturing new works.
"A Host of Experienced Microscopists": The Establishment of Histology in Nineteenth-Century Edinburgh
Authors: Jacyna L. S.
Published: February 2007

Edinburgh was the foremost center in Britain for the introduction of microscopic anatomy into medical training. It therefore offers an instructive case study of the way in which what was initially an obscure and exotic technology eventually became a regular part of medical education. The paper explores the process by which skills that were originally the preserve of a small number of pioneers in histology came to be transmitted to a wider population. It focuses, in particular, on the transition from an authoritarian style of pedagogy, best exemplified by the histological teaching of John Hughes Bennett, to the more collegial styles of interaction between microscopists that came to be embodied in the Edinburgh Physiological Society.
Constitutional Medicine, Neoromanticism, and the Politics of Antimechanism in Interwar Germany
Authors: Timmermann Carsten
Published: February 2007

One of the defining features of interwar medical debates in German-speaking countries was the remarkable popularity of holistic concepts among both experts and the lay public. Attacks on the allegedly too-mechanistic outlook of modern medicine were frequent and were often associated with calls to research and treat the constitution of patients rather than isolated causes of disease. This paper traces the rise of the new constitutional medicine, locating its roots in nineteenth-century medical science. The essay attempts to explain the increasingly antimechanistic outlook of promoters of constitutional medicine by relating it to the larger context of the politics of health in Weimar Germany, to concerns of medical practitioners over the rise of the welfare state and the popularity of nonlicensed healers, culminating in the widespread notion of a "crisis of medicine." Drawing on case studies of, among others, the Danzig surgeon Erwin Liek and the Vienna gynecologist Bernhard Aschner, the article distinguishes between rationalist and neoromantic constitutionalists and aims to demonstrate that antimechanism in constitutional medicine was related to neoromantic tendencies in art and other realms of society, while rationalists were concerned with making German men and women fit for war and the requirements of modern industry.
"Doctor, Are You Trying to Kill Me?": Ambivalence about the Patient Package Insert for Estrogen
Authors: Watkins Elizabeth Siegel
Published: February 2007

In 1976, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed new requirements for patient labeling for estrogens prescribed for menopausal and postmenopausal women. This paper explores the variety of responses to this proposal from women and their husbands, feminist and consumer activists, physicians, pharmacists, and pharmaceutical manufacturers, as represented in letters written to the FDA. The drug industry and the medical profession opposed patient labeling on the grounds of cost and a resentment of governmental intrusion. Feminists and consumer advocates were in favor of the idea, but the response from current estrogen users was mixed: most women wished to be better informed, but many expressed concern that estrogen would be removed from the market. This ambivalence suggests unresolved tensions regarding conceptions of female aging, the medical management of menopause and aging, informed consent in medicine, and governmental regulation of medical practice. The debate thus represents an important moment in the history of women's health care.
The Collected Papers of Paul Ehrlich: Why Was Volume 4 Never Published?
Authors: Silverstein Arthur M.
Published: February 2007

In the 1950s, Sir Henry Hallett Dale undertook to compile and publish all the scientific papers of Nobel laureate Paul Ehrlich. He was assisted in this venture by Dr. Fred Himmelweit and by Ehrlich's former secretary, Martha Marquardt. A four-volume series was announced, but only three volumes saw the light of day, between 1957 and 1960. This report presents the result of a five-year effort to determine the reason for the failure to complete the undertaking, in which all potential sources were pursued and queried. In the end, the mystery remains unsolved.
The Enslaved Healers of Eighteenth-Century Saint Domingue
Authors: Weaver Karol Kovalovich
Published: February 2007

Enslaved healers including herbalists, kaperlatas, hospitalières, infirmières , and accoucheuses existed and flourished in the medical world of Saint Domingue. They were responsible for the creation of an indigenous form of medicine on the island. Using Western, African, and Caribbean remedies, they treated their fellow slaves and white residents of the island. Slaves were more comfortable and more familiar with the care and techniques employed by the popular healers, especially the kaperlatas and the herbalists. Plantation managers took advantage of the labor of female medical workers in order to reap economic profits for their planter employers and for themselves. Lower-class whites, unable to afford and unwilling to consult mainstream medical care, sought the assistance of healers known as kaperlatas . Lastly, orthodox medical practitioners turned to slave healers, especially herbalists, to exploit the therapeutic knowledge that the slaves possessed and, in the case of enslaved midwives, to bring them more closely under the authority of European medical men.
The New Poor Law Guardians and the Administration of Insanity in East London, 1834-1844
Authors: Murphy Elaine, MD
Published: February 2007

One of the main aims of the Poor Law Amendment
Act of 1834 was to impose national consistency of practice in poor
relief. Central guidance was designed to produce uniformity in guardians'
policies on dealing with the insane. This study of the administration
of insanity in the eastern metropolis in the first decade after the
Act demonstrates that the new boards of guardians were as culturally
distinctive in their style of administration of the new Poor Law as
the parishes had been under the old regime. A complex interplay of
personality, politics, and class determined the corporate culture of
individual boards.
Coleridge's Choleras: Cholera Morbus, Asiatic Cholera, and Dysentery in Early Nineteenth-Century England
Authors: Rousseau G. S. (George Sebastian) , Haycock David Boyd
Published: February 2007

Samuel Taylor Coleridge suffered from a variety of bowel
disorders throughout his life; though a large part of his ailment was
caused by his famous opium habit, he continuously sought an organic
origin, and on at least two separate occasions, in 1804 and 1831-32,
he ascribed his disorders to attacks of "cholera." With Asiatic cholera
apparently first reaching England in late 1831, there was considerable
argument among both physicians and the general public as to whether it was
a distinctly new disease, or merely a severer variation of traditional
English cholera, known as "cholera morbus." Coleridge took a particular
interest in these discussions. In this paper, we attempt to establish
the exact nature of his attacks of illness, and point to the complexities
of describing and framing new diseases and bowel disorders in the early
nineteenth century.
Women and the Practice and Teaching of Medicine in Bologna in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Logan Gabriella Berti
Published: February 2007

When Bologna's political and intellectual elites had control over
the university and associated institutions during the eighteenth century,
a few women were allowed to participate in medical fields not typically
associated with their gender. Laura Bassi could occasionally teach
and debate on anatomy at the university, and the practical anatomist
Anna Morandi Manzolini could make contributions to the research and
teaching of anatomy. With the arrival of the French in Bologna in 1796,
the control of the university and associated institutions passed from
the local elite to the Ministry of Public Instruction in Milan. This
article shows that a few women were awarded degrees in medicine,
surgery, and pharmacy from the University of Bologna when the French
were in control—however, these women, unlike Bassi and Morandi,
were directed to fields deemed appropriate to their gender, such as the
training of midwives, or apothecary practice within female institutions.
The Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in Los Angeles and the United States, 1947-1960
Authors: Talley Colin Lee
Published: February 2007

Two sets of multiple sclerosis (MS) patient records located in Los Angeles County from the 1940s and 1950s were analyzed within the historical perspective and biomedical context of the time. It was found that there were divergent treatment patterns, and a continuum of therapeutic activism in the treatment of MS: some physicians attempted to intervene aggressively in an attempt to prevent relapses or lessen the severity of attacks, while others adopted milder interventions, basing their therapeutic decisions on their knowledge of the pathology of MS. As long as a physician had a reasonable theory of the pathogenesis of the disease, it was thought permissible to experiment with therapies, despite equivocal evidence, as long as no harm was done. Indeed, for physicians faced with declining and suffering patients, there was a strong emotional imperative to attempt treatments without waiting for an agreed-upon proof of efficacy. This was sustained, in part, by pressure to treat from many patients who shared their physicians' willingness to experiment with treatments.
Redlined Africa: Ruth First'S Barrel of a Gun
Authors: Harlow Barbara
Published: February 2007

The Barrel of a Gun is part and parcel of First's own story, her intellectual history as a South African communist and anti-apartheid activist who died in exile, a story that necessarily combines both biography and bibliography. This essay examines both the composition of the book--its research as told in First's correspondence at the time as well as the book's final draft--and its "after life"--in the reviews and debates it elicited on publication and in a retrospective consideration of its prophetic prescience or, perhaps, its foibled failure as not an "account devoted exclusively to fact." In other words, The Barrel of a Gun both proposes a study of coups in Africa (with special reference to the Sudan, Nigeria, and Ghana) and provides a chapter in the life of Ruth First and her own contributions to the "liberation of Africa."
Stratigraphies: Writing A Suspect Terrain
Authors: Tilden Norma
Published: February 2007

In Annals of the Former World , John McPhee chronicles the geological history of the landform "North America," connecting written histories with the earth's autobiography as written in rock. By incorporating the journal of Ethel Waxham, who traveled West to teach school in 1905, into these sweeping geological annals, McPhee presents life writing as a narrative and figural corollary to earth processes.
Political Memoirs and Negative Rhetoric: Kurt Waldheim's in the Eye of the Storm and Im Glaspalast der Weltpolitik
Authors: Vansant Jacqueline
Published: February 2007

This article explores the influence of audience in shaping the political memoir, and examines the memoir as a rhetorical act. A comparison of the English and German versions of Waldheim's memoirs suggests a concern for differing audience perceptions of National Socialism, and an analysis of Waldheim's rhetorical stances and narrative strategies expose a negative rhetoric which simplifies historical complexities.
"Making History's Silences Speak": An Interview with N. C. Manganyi, 5 March 2002, University of Pretoria
Authors: Manganyi N. C , Ngwenya Thengani H
Published: February 2007

An interview with South African biographer, psychologist, and life writing theorist N. C. Manganyi, University of Pretoria, 5 March 2002.
Auto-Ghostwriting Smile, Please: An Unfinished Autobiography
Authors: Johnson Erica L.
Published: February 2007

Jean Rhys's Smile, Please: An Unfinished Autobiography was not actually written by Rhys, but by novelist David Plante in an act that can only be characterized as ghostwriting. This essay theorizes ghostwriting in the context of autobiography and life writing, and shows how the ghostwriting process results in contested layers of written and spoken texts. Rhys resists the ghostwriter's displacement of her spoken text by quoting her own written texts verbatim throughout Smile, Please, thus in effect auto-ghostwriting her autobiography.
Living the Legacy: Pain, Desire, and Narrative Time in Gayl Jones' Corregidora
Authors: Goldberg Elizabeth Swanson
Published: February 2007

Recent critical work on Gayl Jones' Corregidora (1975)--a narrative tracing the legacy of rape experienced by slave women through the lives of four generations, the last of whom, Ursa, experiences the effects of that legacy as they surface in her contemporary heterosexual relationships--has categorized it as a narrative of trauma. "Living the Legacy" supplements that definition with theories of bodily pain, arguing that Corregidora is also a narrative contained within a "pained present," symptomatic of a body still in pain rather than of a traumatized subject attempting to grasp a pain which sustains itself through memory. The article shows how Jones constructs the "consensual" heterosexual scene in terms of the formal scene of torture, with its structures of domination, use of interrogation, and appropriation of expressions of pain into vehicles for the dominant party's power/pleasure. This reading intervenes in discourses of pain, torture, and trauma that have typically universalized the experience of a "body" in pain, foregrounding the ways in which systems of racial and sexual oppression produce different experiences and effects of pain for women of color.
The Illusions of Phallic Agency: Invisible Man, Totem and Taboo, and the Santa Claus Surprise
Authors: Steward Douglas
Published: February 2007

The tradition of writing by African-American men has often figured the deprivation of freedom as a deprivation of manhood and the recovery of social agency as a recovery of manhood. This rhetoric has relied on phallic language and imagery that implicitly excludes women from the struggle for liberation. Ralph Ellison's early short story "The Birthmark" neatly illustrates such rhetoric when a lynch mob castrates a man whose brother and sister are then threatened with the same fate, effectively reducing all the black characters to women's disenfranchised state. Although Ellison's 1952 novel also includes such phallic language, the narrator of Invisible Man eventually realizes that such male-centered rhetoric only provides an illusion of social agency. The narrator's laughter when faced with castration near the novel's close typifies Ellison's rejection of the phallus as a symbol of empowerment.
To Love and Be Loved: Considering Black Masculinity and the Misandric Impulse in Toni Morrison's Beloved
Authors: Kang Nancy
Published: February 2007

This article seeks both to reassert and reassess the importance of the masculine presence in Toni Morrison's Beloved. It does so by examining a thematics of misandry. The hatred or phobia of men, as well as the literary engagement with its problematics, stand as part of a larger consideration of black social formation during the instabilities of the post-bellum period. Discussing misandry partakes in a counter-discourse that acknowledges the primacy of feminist readings of the text while suggesting that an evaluation of black femininity cannot be fully appreciated without that of black masculinity. Morrison's text offers a rich array of instances where the corrosion of masculine selfhood corresponds to a breakdown of social and domestic order. With Paul D. as its primary focus, the argument interrogates the parallel constructions of race and racial uplift, selective presentations of nationhood, the failure of nostalgia, and the enduring desire for more conducive sites for the development of self.
W.E.B. Du Bois and the Dandy as Diasporic Race Man
Authors: Miller Monica L
Published: February 2007

Contemporary critics have read The Souls of Black Folk (1903) as a masculinist text that, in Hazel Carby's words, reveals the “highly gendered structures of intellectual and political thought and feeling” in Du Bois' work. However, “W.E.B. Du Bois and the Dandy as Diasporic R ace Man” argues that Du Bois's concern with black male leadership style began before the writing of Souls and continues well after it, in his less well-known writing. While still a young scholar, Du Bois wrote about an African American “feminine man” who, in joining with the more “masculine” Teutonic would produce a common human/American civilization by a racial division of labor. In his 1928 novel, Dark Princess, this “feminine man” finds his story as a dandified Du Bois-like member of the Talented-Tenth charged with fomenting a revolution against a world-wide color line. With this activist-dandy, whose nattily-clad body signifies on, rather than blindly accepts, masculinist tropes, Du Bois realizes a long-standing wish for racial leadership by what he calls “men who were--different.”
"We Do Not Ask You to Condone This": How the Blacklist Saved Hollywood
Authors: Lewis Jon
Published: February 2007

The Hollywood blacklist evolved out of and impacted
on a complex set of economic conditions. This essay focuses on the
ways in which certain collusive strategies put in place to control the
industry workforce in 1947 enabled the studios to regain control over
the entertainment marketplace after the Second World War.
The Road Movie Rediscovers Mexico: Alex Cox's Highway Patrolman
Authors: Laderman David
Published: February 2007

By focusing on genre, landscape, and gender in relation
to Mexican national identity, a close reading of Alex Cox's 1992
Mexican road movie, Highway Patrolman (El patrullero), reveals
the complexities and contradictions of contemporary transnational,
independent filmmaking.
Stanley Kwan's Center Stage : The (Im)possible Engagement between Feminism and Postmodernism
Authors: Cui Shuqin
Published: February 2007

Analysis of the star image of Ruan Lingyu, constructed in the early Chinese films of the 1930s and rearticulated in Stanley Kwan's Center Stage (1992), demonstrates the contradictions between feminism and postmodernism. In addition, when placed in the context of Hong Kong's return to China, the fragmented female image reveals a concern for the uncertain relations between history and representation.
"The Purest Knight of All": Nation, History, and Representation in El Cid (1960)
Authors: Jancovich Mark
Published: February 2007

This article examines the Samuel Bronston production of El Cid (1960) and analyzes the process of cultural hybridization through which various myths of the Spanish national hero are stitched together and, in the process, reinterpreted to produce an epic movie for an international market.
Imagined Islands: White Shadows in the South Seas and Cultural Ambivalence
Authors: Geiger Jeffrey
Published: February 2007

This essay examines the ways that W. S. Van Dyke's island romance, White Shadows in the South Seas (1928), reveals the imprint of both desire and anxiety at the heart of American representations of the South Pacific. The film also highlights the transitional and contradictory nature of American cultural, racial, and sexual discourses of the 1920s.
The Twilight Zone of Contemporary Hollywood Production
Authors: Tashiro Charles S.
Published: February 2007

This essay examines the labor and production policies of contemporary Hollywood in an effort to stimulate an informed criticism of practice.
Fellini's Portrait of the Artist as Creative Problem Solver
Authors: Stubbs John C.
Published: February 2007

In his autobiographical films, Federico Fellini creates a "legend" of himself and films that legend. In 8 ½ (1963), his portrait of the artist, Fellini presents the creative process as occurring more or less in Henri Poincaré's four stages: preparation, incubation, Eureka! moment, and verification, with an emphasis on stages 2 and 3. The harem sequence in 8 ½ illustrates incubation, and the ending is the Eureka! moment.
Arnoldian Humanism, or Amnesia and Autobiography in the Schwarzenegger Action Film
Authors: Grady Frank
Published: February 2007

The 1991 science-fiction film Total Recall exhibits the kind
of "political amnesia" that Michael Rogin has called an essential
aspect of the "postmodern American empire." At the same time, the
film insistently undermines the cinematic amnesia that helps to make
film narrative possible, by repeatedly representing the cinematic
apparatus within the film's own story. The relationship between these
two impulses—broadly, the film's recuperation of its political
content and its interrogation of its cinematic form—is the subject
of this essay.
Arguing with Ethnography: The Films of Bob Quinn and Pierre Perrault
Authors: White Jerry
Published: February 2007

This article discusses the films of Pierre Perrault and Bob Quinn,
which are engaged in a kind of discussion with ethnographic practice and
nationalist discourse. Both filmmakers are fascinated by the experiences
of those at the fringes of their nation-states, especially island and
diasporic communities, favoring the exposition of ambiguity and hybridity
over simplified understandings of national experiences.
Dazzled by the Light: Technological Entertainment and Its Social Impact in Variete
Authors: Guerin Frances
Published: February 2007

This article proposes that E. A. Dupont's 1925 film
Variet� both represents the variety acts that were so popular
in Weimar Germany and becomes such an act itself. Simultaneously,
the film depicts how variety shows aroused illicit sexual energy in
their participants. Thus, through its discourse on the social effects
of the burgeoning entertainment industry, Variet� can be
interpreted as engaging analytically with the technological world in
which it was produced.
Making It in Hollywood: Clara Bow, Fandom, and Consumer Culture
Authors: Orgeron Marsha
Published: February 2007

Fan magazines had a dramatic impact on actress Clara Bow's
career and on female fandom more generally. This article examines Bow's
1927 star vehicle It as a parable for fan culture, particularly
for the ways that fan magazines constructed their female readers and
Hollywood films addressed their female spectators.
Fact or Fable?: The Consequences of Migration for Educational Achievement and Labor Market Participation
Authors: Macpherson Cluny , Bedford Richard , Spoonley Paul
Published: February 2007

Throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, people moved from the Pacific Islands to New Zealand in the expectation that their children would enjoy improved life chances, which they believed would follow from improved quality and availability of formal education in New Zealand. The greater educational opportunities would be translated into improved opportunities in the labor market in the form of higher incomes, higher levels of labor market participation, and upward occupational mobility. This paper explores the origins of these beliefs about education and uses statistical data to establish whether the migrants' expectations were realized.
On the Edge?: Deserts, Oceans, Islands
Authors: Jolly Margaret
Published: February 2007

This paper starts with a playful interrogation of being "on the edge" of California from the perspective of a millennial experience "in the center" of Australia—partly to suggest my own location, but also to suggest how imagined geographies of edges and centers, of peripheries and interiors are geopolitical mirages. It then moves to a consideration of how representations of deep time, in being "on the edge" or inhabiting "a sea of islands" relate to the contemporary politics of indigeneity and diaspora in the Pacific. While acknowledging the differences between Islanders of different regions and countries, the co-presence of the values of "roots" and "routes" is stressed. The varied relation of indigeneity and diaspora is explored through visual arts displayed in museums and cultural festivals in Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Aotearoa New Zealand, and Australia.
Exploring the "Chilly Classroom" Phenomenon as Interactions Between Psychological and Environmental Types
Authors: Salter Daniel W
Published: February 2007

Perceived classroom fit was examined as interactions between
learning style and educational climate, as measured by the Myers-Briggs
Type Indicator and Salter Environmental Type Assessment. An asymmetrical
log-linear analysis of 421 students revealed different patterns of
fit. Thinking students of either gender did not indicate a preference
for classroom climate. Both feeling men and women reported poorer fit
with thinking classrooms. Only feeling women reported better fit in
feeling classrooms. Implications for practice are offered.
Membership in a Fraternity or Sorority, Student Engagement, and Educational Outcomes at AAU Public Research Universities
Authors: Pike Gary R
Published: February 2007

Research involving 6,782 undergraduates (50% first-year students,
50% seniors, 16% fraternity/sorority members, and 58% females) at 15
AAU public research universities revealed that Greek affiliation had a
weak positive relationship with engagement and gains in learning. The
effects for Greek affiliation were stronger for seniors than first-year
students.
Predictors of Residence Hall Involvement
Authors: Arboleda Ana , Wang Yongyi , Shelley Mack C. , Whalen Donald F
Published: February 2007

Residence hall students' (N = 1,186, 52% male, 90% White,
66% freshmen) involvement in their living community is influenced
significantly by precollege student characteristics (gender, ethnicity),
classification, attitudes (toward hall director, house cabinet, academic
comfort, social environment, group study), and environmental variables
(noise, time spent in the house, residence assistant interaction, peer
academic conversations, employment).
The Effect of the Clery Act on Campus Judicial Practices
Authors: Gregory Dennis E. , Janosik Steven M. (Steven Michael)
Published: February 2007

This article describes a study seeking to assess perceptions of
campus judicial officers/members of the Association for Student Judicial
Affairs (ASJA) regarding the effectiveness of the Clery Act (Campus
Security Act) on campus judicial practices. In addition it provides
information regarding overall effectiveness of Clery as perceived by the
respondents. The researchers surveyed 1,143 members of the Association
for Student Judicial Affairs (ASJA) whose institutions are covered
by the Act. A total of 422 ASJA members returned questionnaires. This
provided a response rate of 36.9%. The respondents included 39% Senior
Student Affairs Officers who supervise a judicial conduct administrator,
44% who were judicial affairs officers and 17% who indicated that they
were either faculty members, graduate students or "other." The overall
population of respondents was divided among both public and private
institutions. Here, 60% of the respondents were from public institutions
and 40% were from private institutions. A large majority (88%) of the
respondents worked at four-year institutions with the remainder (12%)
working at two-year institutions.
Midlevel Student Affairs Leaders' Intentions to Leave: Examining the Quality of Their Professional and Institutional Work Life
Authors: Rosser Vicki J , Javinar Jan Minoru
Published: February 2007

This national study examines those demographic characteristics and
work life issues that may have an impact on the morale and satisfaction
of midlevel student affairs leaders and their intentions to leave their
positions. Using structural equation modeling, this study proposes to
demonstrate the roles job satisfaction and employee morale play in student
affairs leaders' intentions to leave a career in student affairs.