bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS FOR SMART DEVICES
Authors: Rákay Róbert , Galajdová Alena
Published: February 2021

The urgency of the research. Modern trends in the automation focus on the implementation of new communication protocols, wireless data transfer and reduced costs. The communication part of every automation system is crucial, whether it is
in the home or industry. Target setting. During the design of the automated systems and the connection of different devices solution, developers have to address different requirements as addressing, data rates, data security, etc. The newest communication protocols and data transfer technologies provide significant data rate and MCU load reduction. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. To prepare this paper, different free available datasheets and experimental solutions were analyzed as well as conclusions of our previous and other ongoing experiments were used to create the
knowledge base about this research topic. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. There are many different communication solutions and every manufacturer
of communication device provides its best solution. Not all of them can be described in this article. The research objective. The different communication technologies were analyzed for future implementation to a smart devices for home automation, in this article. The statement of basic materials. To propose a future model of home automation system, it is necessary to implement the newest communication technologies. Using the latest communication protocols, such as MQTT, CoAP or Websocket provides a good basis to solve this issue. Conclusions. The proposed paper provides possibilities of the communication for a smart devices of the home automation system. Compared communication protocols have different advantages and disadvantages. The tested protocols meet the communication requirements for home automation devices.
Optimization of ionic concentrations in engineered water injection in carbonate reservoir through ANN and FGA
Authors: Reginato Leonardo Fonseca , Pedroni Lucas Gomes , Martins Compan André Luiz , Skinner Rodrigo , Sampaio Marcio Augusto
Published: February 2021

Engineered Water Injection (EWI) has been increasingly tested and applied to enhance fluid displacement in reservoirs. The modification of ionic concentration provides interactions with the pore wall, which facilitates the oil mobility. This mechanism in carbonates alters the natural rock wettability being quite an attractive recovery method. Currently, numerical simulation with this injection method remains limited to simplified models based on experimental data. Therefore, this study uses Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) learnability to incorporate the analytical correlation between the ionic combination and the relative permeability (Kr), which depicts the wettability alteration. The ionic composition in the injection system of a Brazilian Pre-Salt benchmark is optimized to maximize the Net Present Value (NPV) of the field. The optimization results indicate the EWI to be the most profitable method for the cases tested. EWI also increased oil recovery by about 8.7% with the same injected amount and reduced the accumulated water production around 52%, compared to the common water injection.
Potential risk during catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism and how to avoid it
Authors: Hazam Randa , Hallak Ahmad , Murray Dylan , Murray Richard
Published: February 2021

Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains one of the highest causes of cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Systemic thrombolysis for acute PE reduces cardiovascular collapse but has the potential to cause major complications, including intracranial hemorrhage, systemic hemorrhage, immunologic complications, hypotension, and myocardial rupture. Catheter-directed thrombolysis accompanied with high-frequency ultrasound reduces systemic dose, allows increased local dose, and expedites clot lysis at the site of embolism. Although rare, some patients may have a patent foramen ovale or other atrial septal defect (ASD) which cannot be visualized during fluoroscopy which may complicate this procedure. A 41-year-old diabetic smoker presented to the emergency department with hypoxia, tachycardia, and light headedness. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest revealed bilateral PE with right ventricular enlargement and right heart strain pattern. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed right ventricular enlargement. He was diagnosed with submassive PE. He underwent right heart catheterization with two angled pigtail catheters manipulated through the right heart to reach the right and left pulmonary arteries, however on frontal fluoroscopy, the catheters appeared slightly more caudal than would be expected. Lateral fluoroscopy was performed which did not show the catheter going through the expected anterior curvilinear course of the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. Contrast was injected into each pigtail catheter and this demonstrated retrograde flow of contrast back into the left atrium, confirming that the catheters were positioned in the pulmonary veins, having passed through an ASD. On review of CTA chest, there was a visible patent foramen ovale. Congenital heart defects are rare but can complicate certain procedures and interventionalists need to be aware of this possibility. Catheter position more caudal than the pulmonary artery silhouettes should alert the operator to the incorrect placement in the pulmonary veins through an ASD. In these circumstances, lateral fluoroscopy will show absence of the catheters along the expected anterior curvilinear route of the right ventricle, pulmonary infundibulum, and pulmonary trunk. Contrast injection will show centripetal flow back to the left atrium rather than the centrifugal flow away from the heart. Other potential confirmatory methods include pressure monitoring and blood gas sampling. In addition, careful scrutiny of the CT angiogram for an ASD before the procedure may alert the operator to this potential pitfall. The interventionalist must remain vigilant to unexpected anatomical variants to avoid potential harm.
On the State and Stability of Fuel Cell Catalyst Inks
Authors: Bapat Shalmali , Giehl Christopher , Kohsakowski Sebastian , Peinecke Volker , Schäffler Michael , Segets Doris
Published: February 2021

Catalyst layers (CL), as an active component of the catalyst coated membrane (CCM), form the heart of the proton electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). For optimum performance of the fuel cell, obtaining suitable structural and functional characteristics for the CL is crucial. Direct tuning of the microstructure and morphology of the CL is non-trivial; hence catalyst inks as CL precursors need to be modulated, which are then applied onto a membrane to form the CCM. Obtaining favorable dispersion characteristics forms an important prerequisite in engineering catalyst inks for large scale manufacturing. In order to facilitate a knowledge-based approach for developing fuel cell inks, this work introduces new tools and methods to study both the dispersion state and stability characteristics, simultaneously. Catalyst inks were prepared using different processing methods, which include stirring and ultrasonication. The proposed tools are used to characterize and elucidate the effects of the processing method. Structural characterization of the dispersed particles and their assemblages was carried out by means of transmission electron microscopy. Analytical centrifugation (AC) was used to study the state and stability of the inks. Herein, we introduce new concepts, S score, and stability trajectory, for a time-resolved assessment of inks in their native state using AC. The findings were validated and rationalized using transmittograms as a direct visualization technique. The flowability of inks was investigated by rheological measurements. It was found that probe sonication only up to an optimum amplitude leads to a highly stable colloidal ink.
impacto de la tecnología digital en las relaciones de pareja
Authors: Minaya Barrrientos Marco Antonio
Published: February 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo revisar, exponer y comprender el impacto y las consecuencias del uso excesivo de la tecnología digital (Smartphone y redes sociales) en las relaciones sentimentales. La investigación tiene un alcance de análisis documental. Se exploró desde la noción de los estudios socioculturales de la comunicación, poniendo énfasis en los aportes de David Morley, Manuel Castells; desde la visión antropológica del consumo masivo cultural, de Nestor García Canclini y Michel Maffesoli; la visión psicológica en amor líquido de Zygmunt Bauman, y social de Erving Goffman, quienes, desde sus propias visiones teóricas, reconocen la importancia del papel de las nuevas tecnologías y su relación con el ser humano. Al respecto, los resultados indican que el uso excesivo de los medios virtuales tiene consecuencias más negativas que positivas en las relaciones sentimentales, ya que ocasiona conflictos permanentes de desconfianza, de celos y aumento de la dependencia emocional, cuyas soluciones son el diálogo o la ruptura definitiva.
Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases among Indians residing in Kuwait
Authors: Baskaradoss Jagan Kumar , Alsumait Aishah , Malik Shaheer , Ariga Jitendra , Geevarghese Amrita , Francis Roy , Vazhiyodan Ajay , Alexander Rajesh , Menon Pramod , Behzadi Sahar , AlWuhaib Fatma , Al-Ghimlas Fahad , AlSeaidan Mohammad , Almudhaf Buthaina
Published: February 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread to most countries around the world. Disproportionate spread of COVID-19 among the Indian community in Kuwait prompted heightened surveillance in this community. Aims: To study the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients and their contacts among the Indian community in Kuwait. Methods: Data collection was done as a part of contact tracing efforts undertaken by the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health. Results: We analysed contact-tracing data for the initial 1348 laboratory-confirmed Indian patients and 6357 contacts (5681 close and 676 casual). The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 39.43 (10.5) years and 76.5% of the cases were asymptomatic or had only mild symptoms. Asymptomatic patients were significantly older [40.05 (10.42) years] than patients with severe symptoms [37.54 (10.54) years] (P = 0.024). About 70% of the patients were living in shared accommodation. Most of the close contacts were living in the same household, as compared with casual contacts, who were primarily workplace contacts (P < 0.001). Among the different occupations, healthcare workers had the highest proportion of cases (18.4%). Among the 216 pairs of cases with a clear relationship between the index and secondary cases, the mean serial interval was estimated to be 3.89 (3.69) days, with a median of 3 and interquartile range of 1–5 days. Conclusion: An early increase in the number of COVID-19 cases among the Indian community could be primarily attributed to crowded living conditions and the high proportion of healthcare workers in this community.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOLUTION METHODS OF NON-HOMOGENEOUS LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH CONSTANT
Authors: Sivaram B
Published: February 2021

The methods to obtain a solution of non-homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients vary from type of output function. The present paper addresses the undetermined coefficients, variations of parameters methods and discussed the rewards and drawbacks of these methods with examples. The method of undetermined coefficients is derived from the variation of parameters when the out function is an exponential function.
Reshaping the University Curriculum through the Visiting Lectureship
Authors: Bobrytska Valentyna I. , Krasylnykova Hanna V. , Batechko Nina G. , Beseda Nataliia А. , Spitsyn Yevheniy S.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study is to investigate how visiting lectureship is capable to reshape and improve the university curriculum for four different majors such as educational policy, instruction, healthcare, and technology. The research is significant because it addresses some current challenges forming a crisis of higher education such as an instructional challenge, a fiscal challenge, a birth rate-related challenge, and a graduate employment challenge. This study combines exploratory and quasi-experimental research methods, and Baseline Study Survey Questionnaires (BSSQ), Questionnaire to Measure Research Skills (QMRS), The students’ research activeness checklist, Professional Self-development Critical Reflection Scale (PSCRS), along with Self-directed Learning Skills Scale (SLSS) are the research instruments used in this study. The sample used are 184 (169 students and 15 lecturers), and key data are drawn from the assessment of students’ research skills and activeness, professional self-development, self-directed learning and self-education skills, and professional socialisation by students themselves and their teachers before and after the intervention. The stakeholders’ perceptions of visiting lectureship such as students, lecturers, and representatives of the host organisations are studied using the focus group interviews. It is found that visiting lectureship reshapes and improves the university curriculum of four different majors namely: educational policy, instruction, healthcare, and technology. Add to this, visiting lectureship positively influences students’ research activeness, professional self-development, self-directed learning & self-education skills, and professional socialisation, and it is positively perceived by students, lecturers, and representatives of the host organisations. Visiting lectureship also increases lecturers’ motivation to provide a higher quality of instruction. Besides, it benefits the potential employers as these are involved in the educational process at the early stage of the programme in its design and updating, which will result in a more competent and competitive staff for them to hire.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA TEKS MELALUI METODE BERMAIN PERAN DI KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI JATISAWIT 02 KECAMATAN BUMIAYU KABUPATEN BREBES TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Priatiningsih Esti
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca teks pada pembelajaran di kelas 2 SD Negeri Jatisawit 02 Kecamatan Bumiayu Kabupaten Brebes Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Data yang digunakan adalah hasil dari observasi unjuk kerja siswa yang dilakukan oleh observer. Fokus penelitiannya adalah penerapan metode bermain peran pada keterampilan membaca teks. Kegiatan penelitian tindakan dilakukan melalui tahap perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi.Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 2 SD Negeri Jatisawit 02 Kecamatan Bumiayu Kabupaten Brebes Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah rubrik penilaian unjuk kerja keterampilan membaca teks berupa lembar observasi yang diisi oleh observer serta dokumentasi berupa foto dan video.Hasil penelitian ini menunujukkan bahwa (1) penerapan metode bermain peran dapat meningkatkan keterampilan membaca teks, dan (2) siswa memberikan respon positif terkait penerapan metode bermain peran.  Kata kunci : metode bermain peran, membaca teks.
International Cargo Air Transport
Authors: Świszcz Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Air transport is one of the most developing field of the global transport market. Every year there is an increase in the number of transported people and loads. The share of passenger and cargo transport by air in relation to other competitive transport branches is still growing. The biggest advantage of this branch is the possibility of transporting passengers as well as long-distance loads in a relatively short time. One of the service segments of the air transport market is cargo sub-market. Its development is primarily due to the needs of the economy and environmental conditions. The effects of spatial differentiation causing that goods are produced in places where they are not always consumed, contributes to the increase in demand for transport services, including air transport. As a result of the devel-opment of globalization processes on transport markets, changes in the structure of transported goods are observed. In the 21st century, the e-commerce segment plays a significant role. It should be presumed that there will still be changes in the structure of the cargo transport.

The main goal of the article will be to analyze the market for air freight transport. Reaching the goal will be carried out secondary research based on available literature on the subject.

As a result of the data analysis, it was found that the largest forwarding companies are: DHL Global Forwarding, CEVA Logistic and DB Schenker. The remaining 55% are other forwarding companies.
The Influence of the Place of Residence on the Behavior and Transport Preferences of the Inhabitants of the Agglomeration
Authors: Grzelec Krzysztof , Okraszewska Romanika
Published: February 2021

Transport behaviors and preferences have an impact on modal split, which is why they should form the basis for shaping the public transport offer. Achieving the goals of sustainable mobility requires taking into account differences in transport behavior and preferences characterizing residents from different areas of the agglomeration. Analyzing differences in behaviors and preferences, the possibilities and limitations resulting from the mass character of public transport services and the fact that the main determinant of the offer is the space determined by displacements in the source-target relation should be taken into account. This article identifies differences in transport behavior and preferences of residents based on the center and suburbs of the Gdańsk agglomeration. At the same time, a preliminary attempt was made to explain the causes of specific differences in residents’ behavior and transport preferences, taking into account the limited volume ofpublication. The share of public transport in the implementation of travel decreases with the distance of the area of   residence from the center of the agglomeration. The increase in the share of rail transport in travel affects the increase in the importance of waiting time and the lack of change as a decisive factor in the selection of cars in trips. Transport preferences are strongly diversified in individual areas. Differences are noticeable even in the center areas constituting separate administrative units.
Opportunities and Challenges for Companies in the Bike Sharing Industry Illustrated by the Example of Nextbike Poland
Authors: Makurat Dominik Adam , Wojewódzka-Król Krystyna
Published: February 2021

One of the directions for sustainable transport development in cities is sharing the means of transport. Amongst the most dynamically developing forms of urban transportation is bike sharing, which has already been implemented in various cities across the globe. This article aims to depict opportunities as well as challenges for the bike sharing industry. Enterprises providing such services are successful, due to, among others, a growing interest of local governments in the development of bike sharing programs, which is often reflected in the financial support for this type of undertaking and the high demand for bicycle-transport in cities. However, this type of business is also exposed to the risk associated with the costs of servicing the system, highly competitive market, changes in the economic situation, and rather unfavourable contracts, to mention a few. This risk is especially high while implementing innovative solutions, as is shown by the example of the MEVO system. Also described in the article are the processes of overcoming the obstacles plaguing the bike sharing business.
Heroska pokoju dziecinnego. Pippi Pończoszanka jako głos rewolucji ideologicznej w literaturze dziecięcej
Authors: Czernow Anna Maria
Published: February 2021

Astrid Lindgren’s Pippi Longstocking, designed as a radically subversive character, is the antichild. Given power and independence, she discloses culture-defined relations between children and adults and promotes a sentiment-free commentary that highlights the inherent status of inequality in these relations and the resulting oppression. Placed by the author at the top of the hierarchy, she subverts this oppression: all of a sudden, now it is adults that are exposed to the activities of the unpredictable, rollicking, carnivalesque girl. The result of this narrative device is laced with the intense, insolvable conflict of two antagonistic tribes: children and adults. In this war, Pippi plays a leading role. She is the heroine of the marginalized space of the nursery.
The Philosophy of History in Henrik Ibsen’s early works
Authors: Szelągowska Krystyna
Published: February 2021

The early works of Ibsen – which concentrate on historical issues from the old Norwegian past, using material from sagas, folk-tales, and songs – give us a picture of an author who is focused on a national programme. In accordance with the Romantic philosophy of history (historism), Ibsen uses its main categories of causation and explanation of the national past, mainly positing individual ideas as a major shaping force of the course of history and the impact of great personalities. At the same time, Ibsen presents the path for Norwegians to build a strong and independent nation, and the conditions that have to be fulfilled for that to happen.
Multilevel Analysis: The Contextual Effect Village on The Risk Hypertension in Magelang, Central Java
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Diyantana Wawan , Indarto Dono ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Murt Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

Background: Hypertension affects one billion people worldwide. Death due to hypertension in the world is estimated at 9.4 million people every year. Factors related to lifestyle can increase the risk of hypertension. In addition, demographic and topographic factors of residence also affect the risk of hypertension. This study aimed to analyze the contextual effect of the village on the risk of hypertension. Subjects and Method: This study was an observational analytic research study with a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted in July 2020. A sample of 200 patients who treated at the health center was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was hypertension. The independent variables were obesity, smoking habit, salt consumption, genetic history, age, physical activity, low fiber diet, and stress. Blood pressure was measured with a sphygmomanometer, obesity was measured by body mass index measured by weight scales and stature meters, and other variables with questionnaire. The data analysis used multivariate multiple logistic regression using Stata 13. Results: The risk of hypertension increased with obesity (BMI ≥25 kgBW/m2) (OR= 5.33; 95% CI= 1.81 to 15.74; p= 0.002), smoking habit (OR= 6.28; 95% CI= 2.05 to 19.30; p= 0.001), excessive salt consumption (OR= 2.84; 95% CI= 0.99 to 8.11; p= 0.051), genetic history (OR= 3.95; 95% CI= 1.37 to 11.44; p= 0.011), age ≥45 years (OR= 17.71; 95% CI= 5.81 to 53.99; p <0.001), lack of physical activity (OR= 3.49; 95% CI= 1.19 to 10.17; p= 0.022), low fiber diet (OR= 12.42; 95% CI= 1.87 to 82.49; p= 0.009), and stress (OR= 7.59; 95% CI= 2.22 to 25.89; p= 0.001). Village had contextual effect on the risk of hypertension with ICC= 21.65%. Conclusion: The risk of hypertension increases with obesity, smoking habit, excessive salt consumption, genetic history, age ≥45 years, lack of physical activity, low fiber diet and stress. Village has contextual effect on the risk of hypertension. Keywords: contextual effect, village, hypertension Correspondence: Wawan Diyantana. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: wawandiyantana@gmail.com. Mobile: +628132- 8710205.
The social and economic diversity of the coffee-banana farming system and technology uptake in Central Uganda
Authors:   1National Agricultural Research Organisation, P.O. Box 7065, Kampala Uganda,   2Maseno University, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, School of Agriculture and Food Security, Kisumu, Kenya,   3Bioversity International, P. O.  Box 24384, Kampala, Uganda,   4Makerere University, Department of Agribusiness & Natural Resource Economics, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala Uganda,   5Buvuma District Local Government, P.O. Box 103, Lugazi Uganda
Published: February 2021

Food systems of the future that will guarantee food and nutrition security of millions of poor farming households will have to be both economically and socially diverse. Diversity of farming systems acts as a catalyst for innovation, commercialisation as well as technology adoption. This study sought to find farm typologies and explore the social, enterprise and economic diversity of the various farm types based on a promoted Growing Bananas with Trees and Livestock (GBTL) technology system that was implemented by National Agricultural Research Organisation and Bioversity International in three districts of Central Uganda, Kiboga, Nakaseke and Ssembabule. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), typologies were created in which two distinct clusters of farming households were revealed. Further analysis of the clusters through Food Consumption Scores, food classes, and other descriptive statistics indicated that the two clusters were socially and economically diverse. Findings indicated that Cluster 1 is made up of smaller farms with high crop diversity. Families in Cluster 1 sell more of their produce and subsequently have lower food security compared to the land-abundant, off-farm earning and more food secure Cluster 2. We failed to reject the hypothesis that socially and economically diverse farmers adopt technologies more given that the level of GBTL adoption was about 25% and about 70% for Banana + Goats within both clusters.
APPROACHES TO TELEPATHY IN RUSSIA IN THE LATE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Pyatkova Vassa A.
Published: February 2021

The article describes a variety of approaches to realizing the phenomenon of telepathy in Russia in the late 19th – early 20th century. Telepathy kindled interest of scientists, occultists, members of religious groups and general public. Reasons behind the interest towards this phenomenon varied in each specific case. Scientists viewed telepathy as a phenomenon that was worth exploring, and created theories that would explain it. At the same time, some of them regarded such studies as a way of justifying the possibility of life outside of a physical body. Telepathic experiments aimed to prove the independence of human psyche from the body were also conducted by those not associated with academic science. Occultists preferred describing the phenomenon of telepathy without resorting to scientific terminology and used occult anthropological concepts instead. In popular occultism represented by mentalism, telepathy was viewed as a practice capable of improving the quality of living. Christian spiritualists and some representatives of Orthodox clergy took interest in telepathy as a means of proving the immortality of soul. Moreover, they used the telepathy theory to justify the efficacy of traditional religious practices, in particular the prayer. Despite of the variances in the reasons behind the interest towards telepathy and in its explanations, the interest to this phenomenon reflected a common trend of that age towards rethinking the anthropology
INFLUENCE OF IGNATYAN SPIRITUALITY ON THE FORMATION OF THE PIERRE TEILLARD DE CHARDIN’S CONCEPT OF SYNTHESIS OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Bazlev Mikhail M.
Published: February 2021

The study provides an analysis of some factors that are often overlooked by Russian researchers, which however had significant influence on the evolution of the concept of synthesizing science and religion in the works of Catholic theologian Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. Evidence of the significance of such factors can be found in his essays, personal notes and letters. First of all, the Chardin’s writings should be considered in the light of Ignatian spirituality, which guided the novice to search for new knowledge. Secondly, the idea of synthesizing scientific and religious insights in his writings can be adequately evaluated by taking into consideration the position of the Catholic church that was fighting against modernist theories of those times. Thirdly, the significance and the role of Spiritual Exercises by Ignatius of Loyola that influenced the mystic experience of the Catholic theologist should be taken into account. The above factors had considerable impact on Chardin’s theology, which has become one of the essential examples of the 20th century dialogue between science and religion.
CULTURAL RECEPTION OF YOGA ANTHROPOLOGY IN RUSSIA IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Sachkova Natalya M.
Published: February 2021

The research examines the specifics of reception of Yoga anthropology in Russia and its dissemination paths. The end of 19th – early 20th century was marked by the appearance of Russian translations of the academic research, in which Yoga was viewed as one of the Indian philosophical schools. In the same time, the West was witnessing an onset of popularization of Yoga by representatives of Neo-Vedanta, whose writings were also translated into Russian. Those writings were of a popular nature, since their authors sought to make Yoga understandable for Western readers. For the Occult community, the practical aspect of Yoga was the most attractive one. Occultists regarded Yoga as a method of anthropological perfection – both spiritual and physical – and eventual attainment of superhuman powers. Yoga popularization in Russia was to a considerable extent promoted by theosophists, who built their interpretations on contrasting Hatha Yoga and Raja Yoga. In the writings of theosophists, Yoga was presented as a path to attaining arcane knowledge. Russian Occultists created their original interpretations of Yoga. Christian theosophist M.V. Lodyzhensky, despite of considering Yoga as a path to attaining the Superconscious, gave it less appreciation compared to Christian heritage, thus emphasizing the supremacy of Christian tradition. P.D. Uspensky viewed Yoga through the lens of his concept of the Superman, and believed that Yoga practice is a way to achieve an overhuman condition, which the entire humanity will ultimately reach. The interest of Russian community to Yoga should be considered in the context of interest towards the Eastern culture and the belief in the possibility of upcoming transformation of the human nature that were common with the European society of that age
O endividamento público no Brasil nos anos 2000
Authors: Da Silva de Oliveira Alexandre
Published: February 2021

O artigo analisa a dinâmica da dívida pública brasileira, concentrando-se a partir de 1994. O objetivo é desenvolver uma investigação acerca das relações entre a dinâmica do endividamento público brasileiro e os seus impactos macroeconômicos. O artigo tem por base as abordagens teóricas keynesiana e estruturalista, que se caracterizam pela atuação preponderante do Estado, por meio de endividamento, gerado pelos investimentos públicos para impulsionar a demanda agregada do país. Neste contexto, analisam-se aspectos da dívida pública, como riscos, estoque, composição e prazo, e seus impactos macroeconômicos na economia brasileira no período pós-Real.
o desenvolvimento e a natureza simbólica do progresso
Authors: BASTOS FERNANDO
Published: February 2021

O desenvolvimento como expressão das mudanças sociais vem sendo objeto de atenção entre diversos estudiosos, particularmente quando a expansão do capitalismo tornou visões de mundo e modos de viver e conviver como categorias universais. A apropriação dessas idéias de progresso pelo capitalismo, após a revolução industrial, trouxe de sua gênese um sentido de senso comum, evidente por si mesmo, de conotação aparentemente clara, quase como um dogma que sustenta uma evolução, por isso tido como inquestionável. Esse “progresso” submetido às limitações do crescimento econômico deixa de representar um processo de mudança orientado por valores, tais quais: liberdade, dignidade, conhecimento e a justiça, para dar sentido apenas a acumulação de riqueza, independente de quem dela se apropria. As diferentes qualificações para o desenvolvimento, na procura de dar um sentido de progresso orientado por valores humanos, vem sendo objeto de preocupação nas últimas décadas, quando se torna evidente o caráter fantasioso dessa concepção reducionista de mudança.
vazamento de crédito no Nordeste e uma proposta de sistema de financiamento local: o caso de Alagoas
Authors: JUNIOR REYNALDO RUBEM FERREIRA , SORGATO LUCAS ANDRÉ AJALA
Published: February 2021

Nos últimos anos, a correlação entre enfraquecimento do sistema de financiamento das regiões periféricas e acirramento das desigualdades regionais vem sendo explorada teoricamente, principalmente pelas agendas de pesquisa novokeynesianas e pós-keynesianas. O Brasil, a partir da segunda metade da década de 1990, em função da estabilização monetária, vem sofrendo um processo de concentração bancária que se traduz, por meio da transferência intra-bancos, na migração de créditos das regiões menos desenvolvidas para as mais desenvolvidas, o que os pós-keynesianos definem como “vazamento de crédito”. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que o modelo da agência de fomento estadual, dentro de uma lógica de “finanças de proximidade”, ao organizar a oferta e a demanda de crédito, pode contribuir para a reestruturação do sistema de fomento regional e, deste modo, alavancar operações de crédito nas regiões menos desenvolvidas. Por meio do levantamento dos dados junto ao Banco Central sobre as operações de crédito, depósitos à vista e número de agências em Alagoas e comparando-os com os de São Paulo, busca-se mostra que o modelo da Agência de Fomento é um instrumento viável para uma política de estruturação de sistema local de financiamento.
a comercialização dos produtos orgânicos na Feira agroecológica de Maceió: uma avaliação sob a lógica da teoria dos custos de transação
Authors: LAGES ANDRÉ MAIA GOMES , GUERREIRA BARBOSA LUCIANO CELSO BRANDÃO
Published: February 2021

Na agricultura orgânica, a certificação formalmente estabelecida é o único instrumento que garante que o produto possa ser classificado realmente como orgânico. Este ensaio parte do pressuposto de que um sólido ambiente institucional pode garantir uma reputação ao produtor e às empresas varejistas, dando ao consumidor a crença nas suas palavras mesmo sem a presença de uma certificação orgânica formal, e reduzindo os custos de transação. Chegou-se a conclusão de que os custos de transação referentes à comercialização dos produtos orgânicos da Feira agroecológica de Maceió podem ser diminuídos, mesmo havendo um ambiente propício a atitudes oportunistas, incertezas e alta situação de assimetria de informação, uma vez que o consumidor possui a crença de que está consumindo um produto de origem orgânica, baseado em sua relação de confiança com os produtores/feirantes e do suporte do SEBRAE/AL, corroborando a hipótese de que um ambiente institucional sólido deve reduzir as incertezas e inibir as práticas oportunistas por parte dos agentes.
transferências governamentais e participação na força de trabalho: um estudo baseado nos censos demográficos 1991 e 2000
Authors: PEREIRA DILSON JOSE DE SENA , TEBALDI EDINALDO ALVES DE , BARRETO FLÁVIO ATALIBA F. D.
Published: February 2021

Este estudo investiga o impacto das transferências do governo sobre a participação na força de trabalho (PTF) com base nas informações dos censos demográficos de 1991 e 2000. São mensurados e analisados os efeitos dos determinantes da participação na força de trabalho brasileiro por meio de um modelo de utilidade randômica. Observa-se que as transferências públicas de renda exercem forte impacto na disposição dos indivíduos de se engajarem no mercado de trabalho. Outras variáveis importantes para explicar a participação na força de trabalho são a localização geográfica dos municípios, o nível de educação e as taxas de fertilidade.
transformações industriais e sistemas setoriais de inovações: progresso técnico e implicações na dinâmica da agroindústria sucroenergética no Brasil
Authors: ROSÁRIO FRANCISCO JOSÉ PEIXOTO , FONSECA MARTA DA GRAÇA DERENGOWSKI
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo sobre as modificações na estrutura industrial da agroindústria sucroenergética no Brasil. Utilizando o marco analítico do sistema setorial de inovações (SSI), foi descrito como esse setor industrial evoluiu a partir de sua desregulamentação em 1990. O estudo da evolução setorial se baseou na análise do impacto das inovações no processo concorrencial e no desempenho setorial. Como resultado, observou-se que a dinâmica setorial foi induzida basicamente pelas inovações introduzidas com o Proálcool, mas com a desregulamentação dessa indústria na década de 1990 e a conseqüente introdução de um regime de mercado, a agroindústria sucroenergética reestruturou suas instituições e mudou o padrão de concorrência baseado em novas capacitações tecnológicas e organizacionais capazes de explorar o potencial em gerar energia e produzir alimentos, ambos os produtos com demanda crescente no mundo.
a modernização do processo de fabricação de açúcar em pernambuco, no século XIX: a contribuição dos engenhos centrais
Authors: COSTA MÁRCIO JORGE PORANGABA
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho apresenta, em seus aspectos básicos, as principais características dos engenhos centrais instalados na Província de Pernambuco, em fins do século XIX. Chama–se atenção para a crise da agroindústria açucareira e a alternativa encontrada pelo Governo para superá-la. Abordam-se os procedimentos indispensáveis à implantação desses empreendimentos. Discute-se o seu funcionamento, bem como as razões da falência dos mesmos. Conclui-se que, em Pernambuco, ao contrário do que ocorreu em outras regiões produtores de açúcar, os engenhos centrais fracassaram, sobretudo os pertencentes a duas concessionárias inglesas, devido à ocorrência de vários fatores, tanto de ordem técnica administrativa, como principalmente estruturais.
o investimento direto estrangeiro e a desarticulação social na década de 90 no Brasil: uma abordagem kaleckiana
Authors: MILANi ANA MARIA RITA
Published: February 2021

Na economia brasileira, durante os anos 90, foi aplicado um grande programa de ajuste estrutural envolvendo privatizações, desregulamentações, flexibilização e abertura da economia. Foi um período de intensa liberalização econômica, com predomínio do IDE e de transferências de renda entre grupos sociais, acirrando a marginalização e a exclusão da maioria da população; características típicas dos modelos de ajuste estrutural que determinam um regime de acumulação que aprofunda a desarticulação social. Este artigo propõe-se a analisar o aprofundamento da desarticulação social no Brasil a partir da adoção do programa de ajuste estrutural, tendo como variável de estudo o investimento direto estrangeiro e sua contribuição para o aumento da demanda efetiva na visão kaleckiana.
sistema setorial de inovação na Indústria Química de Alagoas
Authors: SANTA RITA LUCIANA PEIXOTO
Published: February 2021

No atual cenário de competição, o desempenho dos sistemasde inovação está, em grande medida, associado à intensidade e à eficácia das interações entre os diferentesatores envolvidos na geração e na difusão de novos conhecimentos e novas tecnologias. Nesse sentido, este artigotem como objetivo provar a correlação das três dimensões:Organizações, Tecnologias e Instituições, analisadas porMalerba (2002), por meio das interações e das articulaçõestecnológicas entre as empresas que compõem o sistemasetorial de inovação na Indústria Química do Estado deAlagoas. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva ecensitária junto a dezoito empresas situadas na indústria.
gestão pública por resultado: uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento de Alagoas?
Authors: SILVA GENILDO JOSÉ DA
Published: February 2021

Este artigo faz uma análise das tentativas de implementação do paradigma de Gestão por Resultado em Alagoas. Partindo de duas experiências não concretizadas: A primeira iniciada em 2004, onde se tenta se inserir no Estado um processo de transformação pública, com a implantação do Progeal - Projeto de Apoio ao Fortalecimento do Planejamento e da Gestão de Políticas Públicas do Estado de Alagoas, a segunda em 2007, chamada de Geor – Gestão Orientada Para Resultado e, por último, a nova tentativa, que começa a ser implantada e suas implicações na atual estrutura de governo.
Internet como instrumento estratégico de marketing por empresários no setor hoteleiro de Maceió
Authors: DE ABREU NELSIO RODRIGUES , BALDANZA RENATA F.
Published: February 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é estudar a utilização da Internet como instrumento estratégico de marketing por empresários no setor hoteleiro da cidade de Maceió. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, cujos dados quantitativos foram coletados por meio de questionários estruturados aplicados aos empresários do setor hoteleiro e aos turistas. Quanto aos empresários, levantou-se informações sobre uso ou não da Internet como instrumento estratégico. Quanto aos turistas, foi utilizada a própria Internet por meio de um questionário on-line, visando alcançar somente pessoas que acessam a Internet para obter informações sobre turismo. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que alguns empresários ainda não estão explorando adequadamente as potencialidades da Internet e que os turistas estão usando a Internet como mais um canal de compra de produtos/services turísticos.
fatores explicativos do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) para os municípios de Alagoas
Authors: ANGELO LÍCIA DE CERQUEIRA , RAMOS FRANCISCO DE S. , SOUZA HERMINO RAMOS DE
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho e analisar como algumas variaveis socioeconomicas influenciam a qualidade de vida da populacao do Estado de Alagoas. Para isto, foi utilizado um modelo econometrico que usou como variavel dependente o IDH-M (Indice de Desenvolvimento Humano dos Municipios) e oito variaveis economicas e sociais como explicativas. O resultado obtido foi que, das oito, duas se apresentaram estatisticamente significativas a 5%; no entanto, conjuntamente, todas explicam mudancas na variavel dependente. Dessa maneira, se forem adotadas estrategias integradas para a implantacao de politicas publicas que tenham como objetivo melhorar as condicoesde vida da populacao do Estado, havera melhorias na qualidade de vida da populacao alagoana.
crescimento econômico comparado dos municípios alagoanos e mineiros: uma análise espacial
Authors: SILVA ALEXANDRE MANOEL , RESENDE GUILHERME MENDES
Published: February 2021

Neste artigo, investigamos que variáveis determinam as taxas de crescimento da renda do trabalho por habitante dos municípios alagoanos (com até 50.000 habitantes) e mineiros (com até 50.000 habitantes) entre 1991 e 2000. Na análise econométrica, não encontramos autocorrelação espacial no modelo estimado para os pequenos municípios alagoanos. No caso dos pequenos municípios mineiros, essa autocorrelação espacial foi verificada. A investigação econométrica mostra que os determinantes do crescimento econômico de um Estado relativamente rico não são idênticos aos determinantes de um Estado relativamente pobre.
Lições aprendidas sobre nordeste, mundo e meio ambiente
Authors: ANDRADE BONIFÁCIO X. , CAVALCANTE ENOQUE GOMES
Published: February 2021

É importante afirmar que é uma honra e uma grande satisfação descrever sobre o professor Manuel Correia de Andrade, autor, entre tantas obras, de A Terra e o Homem no Nordeste, escolhida entre as cem melhores do século XX. Além disso, ocupa ele a galeria dos maiores cientistas sociais do Nordeste, no mesmo âmbito de Gilberto Freyre, Josué de Castro e Celso Furtado. Entre as numerosas lições de vida acadêmica e profissional, vamos enunciar, apenas, as que têm uma estreita relação com desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade.
A questão agrária em Manuel Correia de Andrade
Authors: CORREIA CÍCERO GOMES
Published: February 2021

Neste artigo, pretendemos destacar alguns aspectos da questão agrária na obra de Manuel Correia de Andrade. Dado o caráter desta exposição, nos limitaremos em tocar em algumas questões que consideramos centrais. Sabemos, portanto, que o tema é bastante complexo e que a própria concepção do autor não é simplista. A análise cristalina e quase poética de Andrade para analisar tal questão é estimulante porque não dá a última palavra sobre o assunto e nos leva a dialogar com seus escritos. Percebemos também, ao ler suas obras, pelo menos as relacionadas à questão agrária, que o autor esteve sempre atualizado seus trabalhos em relação aos novos dados apresentados pela realidade.
Manuel Correia de Andrade: uno de los imprescindibles
Authors: GALLERO ÁLVARO LÓPEZ
Published: February 2021

La desaparición del Prof. Manuel Correia de Andrade constituyó un impacto para quienes compartimos con él muchas jornadas académicas, en particular, desde el Primer Encuentro de Geógrafos de América Latina realizado en Águas de São Pedro, en 1987. Vivir realmente un evento – como todos sabemos –, supone no solo las sesiones formales sino las oportunidades de desplegar el pensamiento en torno de una mesa que posibilite llegar hasta la raíz de las ideas y de los procederes, de manera de poder ahondar en la integridad del investigador. Y eso fue posible con el Prof. Andrade porque, si bien constituía una figura físicamente imponente, de voz grave y seño adusto, su sensibilidad, su cristalinidad y suética facilitaban la rápida comprensión de su manera de pensar y actuar.
O papel da regulação ambiental nos sistemas regionais de inovação
Authors: PRATES THIERRY MOLNAR
Published: February 2021

A regulação ambiental tem influência central sobre os pro- cessos de inovação tecnológica nas empresas e no entor- no institucional que compõe o sistema regional de inova- ção, pois cria o incentivo de mercado às melhorias ambientais. A regulação é o instrumento mais eficiente no incentivo às tecnologias ambientais, em virtude de que outros incentivos econômicos, como aumento dos lucros e participação no mercado, nem sempre estão presentes na solução de problemas ambientais. Contudo, uma regulação abrangente e moderna não é o suficiente para que o siste- ma de incentivos funcione perfeitamente. A fiscalização e os outros instrumentos econômicos e de comando e con- trole precisam ser eficientes na mesma medida.
Causas da persistente desigualdade de renda em Alagoas: uma análise de decomposição do índice Theil-T
Authors: CALDAS RENATA DE MELO
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho realizará uma decomposição do índice Theil-T para o Estado de Alagoas, cujo nível de desigualdade foi o pior dentre os estados nordestinos. Esta metodologia foi desenvolvida por Araujo, Salvato e Souza (2008), a partir de uma adaptação de Akita (2000), em cinco níveis: inter-rural/ urbano, inter-gêneros, inter-racial, inter-grupos educacionais e intra-grupos educacionais. Os dados utilizados são da PNAD de 2001 a 2006. Entre os principais resultados, encontramos que a distribuição de renda é menos desigual no Brasil como todo do que no Nordeste e em Alagoas; 33,57% da desigualdade de renda de Alagoas em 2006 é explicada pelas desigualdades educacionais; as variáveis consideradas no estudo explicam 65,12% da desigualdade de renda em Alagoas para o ano de 2006.