bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Neurological Follow-Up on Early Hospital Readmission Rates for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Allen Alexander , Barron Todd , Mo Ashley , Tangel Richard , Linde Ruth , Grim Rodney , Mingle John , Deibert Ellen
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Despite advances in stroke care, readmission rates for patients with ischemic stroke remain high. Although factors such as age, diabetes, and continuous use of antiplatelet agents have been found to predict readmission rates, the impact of after-hospital care has not been examined.

Methods:

The present study reviewed the charts of 416 patients with acute ischemic stroke and recorded stroke-related comorbidities, neurology follow-up within 21 days, readmission at 0 to 30 days, readmission at 31 to 90 days, and any reasons for readmission.

Results:

For those readmitted within 0 to 30 days, reasons for readmission were other medical conditions (62.5%), recurrent stroke (30.4%), and elective procedure (7.1%). For those readmitted within 31 to 90 days, reasons for readmission were other medical conditions (62.3%), recurrent stroke (15.1%), and elective procedure (22.6%). There was no significant relationship between being evaluated within 21 days and readmission at 0 to 30 or 31 to 90 days. However, those who did have a neurology follow-up at any point in time had a lower readmission rate of 10.6% compared to those who never came back (19.2%, P = .017). Patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes had a significantly higher likelihood of readmission within 0 to 30 days.

Conclusion:

The present study suggests that neurology follow-up at any point in time for patients with acute ischemic stroke may reduce short-term readmissions, but special attention to optimizing management of other underlying medical conditions, coronary artery disease, or diabetes may also help reduce overall readmissions. Patients with stroke, therefore, may benefit from a follow-up with both the primary care and neurology in a coordinated fashion to prevent early readmissions at 30 days.
Pokémon’s progressive revelation: Notes on 20 years of game design
Authors: McCrea Christian
Published: January 2017

While it is important to frame Pokémon Go in terms of locative and AR design, it is equally important to frame the gameplay and format of two decades of the series’ games. Pokémon is a platform—a software and hardware layer requiring knowledge and experience to navigate. The games and products have become more successful with time, not less, and have built cultures of play knowledge, information gathering, and consumption practices that are unique to the Pokémon name. This essay will explain and expand on these game dynamics in order to illustrate the clear connections from Pokémon Go to the rest of Pokémon game history. Specifically, exploring how the games reveal elements in incremental fashion, while simultaneously hiding and obscuring a more complex layer for advanced players to find.
The Contributions of Postmodernism to the Analysis of Virtual Worlds as a Consumption Experience. The Case of Second Life
Authors: El Kamel Leila , Rigaux-Bricmont Benny
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we examine the virtual life of Second Life avatars, which are simultaneously “consumed” and consumers. After a theoretical framing of the postmodern turn, the themes emerging from the qualitative analysis of individual and group interviews with residents of this virtual world and non-participating observation of blogs and discussion forums, reveal, sometimes in extreme ways, the presence of several features characteristic of postmodern consumption. For entrepreneurs interested in Second Life, the findings suggest adapting traditional strategies to this particular clientele.
Where are human subjects in Big Data research? The emerging ethics divide
Authors: Metcalf Jacob , Crawford Kate
Published: January 2017

There are growing discontinuities between the research practices of data science and established tools of research ethics regulation. Some of the core commitments of existing research ethics regulations, such as the distinction between research and practice, cannot be cleanly exported from biomedical research to data science research. Such discontinuities have led some data science practitioners and researchers to move toward rejecting ethics regulations outright. These shifts occur at the same time as a proposal for major revisions to the Common Rule—the primary regulation governing human-subjects research in the USA—is under consideration for the first time in decades. We contextualize these revisions in long-running complaints about regulation of social science research and argue data science should be understood as continuous with social sciences in this regard. The proposed regulations are more flexible and scalable to the methods of non-biomedical research, yet problematically largely exclude data science methods from human-subjects regulation, particularly uses of public datasets. The ethical frameworks for Big Data research are highly contested and in flux, and the potential harms of data science research are unpredictable. We examine several contentious cases of research harms in data science, including the 2014 Facebook emotional contagion study and the 2016 use of geographical data techniques to identify the pseudonymous artist Banksy. To address disputes about application of human-subjects research ethics in data science, critical data studies should offer a historically nuanced theory of “data subjectivity” responsive to the epistemic methods, harms and benefits of data science and commerce.
Platform affordances and data practices: The value of dispute on Wikipedia
Authors: Weltevrede Esther , Borra Erik
Published: January 2017

In this paper we introduce the device perspective as a methodological contribution to platform studies. Through an engagement with debates about the notion of affordances, which focus on the relation between the technical and the social, we put forward an approach to study the production of data within platforms by engaging with the material properties of platforms as well as their interpretation and deployment by various types of users. As a case in point, we study how the affordances of Wikipedia are deployed in the production of encyclopedic knowledge and how this can be used to study controversies. The analysis shows how Wikipedia affords unstable encyclopedic knowledge by having mechanisms in place that suggest the continuous (re)negotiation of existing knowledge. We furthermore showcase the use of our open-source software, Contropedia, which can be utilized to study knowledge production on Wikipedia.
The negotiation of contractual agreements
Authors: Tomlinson Edward C , Lewicki Roy J
Published: January 2017

We provide a focused review of the extant negotiation literature to address four highly salient objectives for contract negotiations: how to maximize the likelihood of reaching a [good] agreement; how to reach an agreement that will fulfill its intended purpose; how to reach an agreement that will last; and how to reach an agreement that will lead to subsequent negotiations. Throughout the article, we rely on integrative negotiation as the key strategy to achieve these objectives and review work that has highlighted the specific tactics involved.
Ameliorative Activity of Ethanol Extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus Stem Bark on Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ajiboye Basiru O. , Ojo Oluwafemi A. , Adeyonu Oluwatosin , Imiere Oluwatosin D. , Fadaka Adewale O. , Osukoya Adetutu O.
Published: January 2017

This study sought to investigate the ameliorative effects of ethanol extract Artocarpus heterophyllus (EAH) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The rats were divided into 6 groups, with groups 1 and 2 serving as nondiabetic and diabetic control, respectively; group 3 serving as diabetic rats treated with 5 mg/kg glibenclamide; and groups 4 to 6 were diabetic rats treated with 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of EAH, respectively. Assays determined were serum insulin, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities. EAH stem bark reduced fasting blood glucose and lipid peroxidation levels and increased serum insulin levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Data obtained demonstrated the ability of EAH stem bark to ameliorate pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
A Mechanistic Review on Medicinal Plants Used for Diabetes Mellitus in Traditional Persian Medicine
Authors: Farzaei Fatemeh , Morovati Mohammad Reza , Farjadmand Fatemeh , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein
Published: January 2017

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Traditional medicines worldwide suggest a wide range of natural remedies for the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders, including diabetes mellitus. This mechanistic review aims to highlight the significance of medicinal plants traditionally used as dietary supplements in Persian medicine in adjunct with restricted conventional drugs for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Mounting evidence suggests that these natural agents perform their protective and therapeutic effect on diabetes mellitus via several cellular mechanisms, including regeneration of pancreatic β cell, limitation of glycogen degradation and gluconeogenesis, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, antiapoptosis, antioxidative stress, as well as modulation of intracellular signaling transduction pathways. In conclusion, traditional medicinal plants used in Persian medicine can be considered as dietary supplements with therapeutic potential for diabetes mellitus and maybe potential sources of new orally active agent(s).
Trafficking in Human Beings in the European Union
Authors: Hughes Donna M.
Published: January 2017

In this article, the intersection of gender, trafficking for sexual exploitation, and use of digital communication technologies are analyzed based on data from the European Union (EU). Over the past two decades, an increase in trafficking in human beings in the EU has been accompanied by an increase in the development and availability of digital communication technologies. The first statistical analysis of trafficking in human beings (2008-2010) carried out by the European Commission found 23,632 victims of human trafficking in the reporting member states. Eighty percent of victims were women and girls; 20% were men and boys. The majority of the victims (62%) were trafficked for sexual exploitation. Digital communication technologies are widely used for trafficking for sexual exploitation, and more rarely for trafficking for forced labor. This article concludes that the combination of gender, trafficking for sexual exploitation, and use of digital communication technologies has created a nexus of victimization for women and girls. Based on this analysis and other sources of information, the European region is the world’s leading region for trafficking for sexual exploitation.
Changing the Ties That Bind? The Emerging Roles and Identities of General Practitioners and Managers in the New Clinical Commissioning Groups in the English NHS
Authors: Segar Julia , Checkland Kath , Coleman Anna , McDermott Imelda , Harrison Stephen , Peckham Stephen
Published: January 2017

The English National Health Service (NHS) is undergoing significant reorganization following the 2012 Health and Social Care Act. Key to these changes is the shift of responsibility for commissioning services from Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) to general practitioners (GPs) working together in Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs). This article is based on an empirical study that examined the development of emerging CCGs in eight case studies across England between September 2011 and June 2012. The findings are based on interviews with GPs and managers, observations of meetings, and reading of related documents. Scott’s notion that institutions are constituted by three pillars—the regulative, normative, and cognitive–cultural—is explored here. This approach helps to understand the changing roles and identities of doctors and managers implicated by the present reforms. This article notes the far reaching changes in the regulative pillar and questions how these changes will affect the normative and cultural–cognitive pillars.
The Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluative Education Model
Authors: Costley Debra , Clark Trevor , Bruck Susan
Published: January 2017

Evaluating educational programs and interventions is generally considered a normal part of curriculum development and improvement, and published findings are readily accessible through peer-reviewed journals. Recently, however, researchers and practicing educators have identified a lack of evaluative research regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) educational practices in the peer-reviewed literature. Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect) has an established evidence-informed ASD curriculum that is constantly reviewed and updated to meet the needs of the students in Aspect schools and classes. Through a methodical evaluative process, all educational interventions and support processes and devices undergo a series of Evidence-Based Research Trials and evaluations before they are implemented in classes. This article demonstrates how a workflow model can deliver a systematic method for identifying, evaluating, implementing, and disseminating the research findings of a program or support intervention. The Autism Spectrum Disorder Evaluative Education (ASDEE) model is discussed.
Attachment Theory and Concepts of God
Authors: Reinert Duane F. , Edwards Carla E.
Published: January 2017

We replicated and extended Buri and Mueller’s study, which tested whether one’s God concept is primarily self- or parent-referenced. Following their findings, we predicted that God concepts would primarily be self-referenced. However, we also predicted, in line with attachment theory, that God concepts would be influenced to some degree by attachment to mother. We found our predicted result in a sample of university students ( N = 223). However, when we examined the question by gender, we found significantly different patterns. Concepts of God as Loving, Controlling, and Distant were self-referenced in women but were not so in men. In men, Loving God was predicted primarily by attachment to mother, Controlling God was referenced to attachment to both parents, and Distant God was related to a combination of viewing self as distant and experiencing parental attachment difficulties, primarily with father.
Occupational Health Nursing Interventions to Reduce Third-Party Liability in Workplace Injuries
Authors: Delk Kayla L.
Published: January 2017

This aRticle explores general principles of workers' compensation law and the ability to sue third parties for employee injuries by using case law and the treatise Larson's Workers' Compensation Law. This overview provides occupational health nurses with a background on workers' compensation law, who is liable for employee injuries, and how recovery from third parties is distributed between the employer or insurer and the employee. The author then explores interventions that occupational health nurses can implement to reduce employee injury and employer costs for providing workers' compensation. The goal of this article is to stimulate occupational health nurses' critical-thinking and problem-solving skills so they may identify risks and implement cost-effective solutions that will prevent injuries to employees.
Exploring Occupational Health Nursing in South America through Brazilian Experience
Authors: Hong OiSaeng
Published: January 2017

Occupational health nursing is a well-established nursing specialty in many western and developed nations around the world. However, it is still considered a relatively new field in less industrialized countries, including those in South America. This article describes occupational health nursing in South America, primarily Brazil, with the goal of increasing understanding of the region and stimulating new thinking, linkages, and collaboration among occupational health nurses from different parts of the world. This article also gives an overview of the region, including population demographics, industry and economy, occupational risks, regional policies on occupational health, and training and education of occupational health and safety professionals. Occupational health nursing will continue to grow in South America. By collaborating with occupational health educators, researchers, and practitioners from developed countries, occupational health nurses in South America will advance the professional specialty.
Occupational Health Nursing in the United States
Authors: Thompson Margaret C. , Wachs Joy E.
Published: January 2017

This article is a summary of information about occupational health nurses and occupational health nursing in the United States. The article provides demographic, education, credentialing, role, and other data based on secondary analysis of occupational health nurses' responses to the 2008 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. Current issues affecting the U.S. work force and businesses are addressed and high-risk business and industrial sectors are noted. Occupational health nurse practice opportunities are highlighted and practice areas where occupational health nursing research is currently focused are discussed. The article also examines the challenges facing the next generation of occupational health nurses.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Paramedics
Authors: Drewitz-Chesney Cheryl
Published: January 2017

Paramedics have the highest rate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among emergency service workers, higher than police or firefighters. This disorder can be detrimental to their personal and family lives, as well as their careers. Current biomedical, behavioral, and socioenvironmental interventions do not address paramedics' work environment, which contributes to the high rate of PTSD. Occupational health nurses can influence the triad of factors contributing to PTSD among paramedics by facilitating social support and emotional expression while advocating for reduced job exposure to traumatic events. This goal can be accomplished by using a component of the Ottawa Charter, creating a supportive work environment, as a framework. Occupational health nurses, together with management and paramedics, can facilitate a sustainable and supportive work environment that initiates change from within the trauma membrane of paramedics' workplaces to prevent PTSD.
Prevalence of Blood Pressure Self-Monitoring, Medication Adherence, Self-Efficacy, Stage of Change, and Blood Pressure Control among Municipal Workers with Hypertension
Authors: Breaux-Shropshire Tonya L. , Brown Kathleen C. , Pryor Erica R. , Maples Elizabeth H.
Published: January 2017

Despite the availability of effective medications, hypertension remains inadequately managed in the United States. It has been established that medication adherence is a major strategy for controlling blood pressure. Combined interventions to promote adherence are promising, but further research is needed to understand which behaviors to target. The frequency of self-monitoring of blood pressure among municipal workers is unknown, and the literature is limited regarding assessing individuals' readiness and confidence to engage in medication adherence. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of medication adherence, readiness, self-efficacy, self-monitoring of blood pressure, and blood pressure control among hypertensive municipal workers. The study population was enrolled in a wellness program established more than 20 years ago to promote health and safety for a work force in a large southeastern U.S. city. The majority of the study participants (75.7%) demonstrated controlled blood pressure, reported adherence to antihypertensive medication (70%), and self-monitored blood pressure (70%).
Burnout among Workers in a Pediatric Health Care System
Authors: Jacobs Linda M. , Nawaz Muhammad K. , Hood Joyce L. , Bae Sejong
Published: January 2017

Burnout among health care workers is recognized as an organizational risk contributing to absenteeism, presenteeism, excessive turnover, or illness, and may also manifest as decreased patient satisfaction. Pediatric health care may add stressors including worried parents of ill or dying children, child custody issues, child abuse, and workplace violence. The purpose of this study was to measure burnout among workers in a regional pediatric health care system and report whether burnout in a pediatric health care system is different from previously published data on human service workers. The Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey (MBI–HSS) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) were used to measure burnout. Pediatric health care workers expressed significantly less burnout as compared to published MBI–HSS scores and client-related CBI scores. Personal burnout CBI scores were not different, but work-related CBI scores were significantly higher than normative scores.
Occupational Exposure to Blood and other Body Fluids among Health Care Workers at a University Hospital in Iran
Authors: Naderi HamidReza , Sheybani Fereshte , Bojdi Amin , Mostafavi Irandokht , Khosravi Nasrin
Published: January 2017

Occupational exposure to sharp items or body fluid splash is a hazard for health care personnel via transmission of blood-borne viruses through such exposures. To determine the occurrence of needlestick injuries and other highrisk exposures among health care workers at a hospital in Iran, data collected for 2 years were reviewed. During this period, 171 occupational exposures were self-reported. Approximately 20% of all exposed personnel were men and 80% were women. One hundred twenty-six (74%) of the exposed personnel had needlestick injuries, 13 (8%) had sharp instrument injuries, and 32 (19%) had mucosal contact with potentially infectious fluids. Thirty-two percent of injuries occurred during or after sharp instrument disposal and 67% during operative procedures. Appropriate blood tests were performed for 55 (32%) and postexposure prophylaxis was administered to 31 (18%) of the exposed personnel.
Work Limitations and Their Relationship to Morbidity Burden among Academic Health Center Employees with Diabetes
Authors: Sylvia Martha L. , Weiner Jonathan P. , Nolan Marie T. , Han Hae-Ra , Brancati Fred , White Kathleen
Published: January 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of work limitations and their relationship to morbidity burden among academic health center employees with diabetes. Employees with diabetes were surveyed via Internet and mail using the Work Limitations Questionnaire. Morbidity burden was measured using the Adjusted Clinical Groups methodology. Seventy-two percent of the employees with diabetes had a work limitation. Adjusted odds ratios for overall, physical, time, and output limitations were 1.81, 2.27, 2.13, and 2.14, respectively. Morbidity burden level is an indicator of work limitations in employees with diabetes and can be used to identify employees who may benefit from specialized services aimed at addressing their work limitations associated with diabetes.
Occupational Injuries for Consecutive and Cumulative Shifts among Hospital Registered Nurses and Patient Care Associates
Authors: Hopcia Karen , Dennerlein Jack Tigh , Hashimoto Dean , Orechia Terry , Sorensen Glorian
Published: January 2017

Nontraditional work shifts for hospital registered nurses and patient care associates and associated injuries were examined through a case-control study. Inpatient care requires that many staff work nontraditional shifts, including nights and 12-hour shifts, but some characteristics remain unexplored, especially consecutive shifts. A total of 502 cases (injured workers) were matched to single controls based on their hospital, unit type, job type, gender, and age (± 5 years). Conditional logistic regression was used for the analysis, controlling for weekly hours scheduled. For both, consecutive shifts of 2 or more days and some various cumulative shifts over a week and month period, especially night shifts, were associated with increased odds of injury. More investigations on the phenomenon of consecutive shifts are recommended. Additionally, the assessment of shift policy and subsequent injury outcomes is necessary before implementing intervention strategies.
Respirators and Surgical Masks—Exploring the Differences
Authors: Colton Craig E. , Townsend Mary C.
Published: January 2017

Filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and surgical masks may appear similar in design, but are quite different. When worker protection from inhalation hazards is necessary, a respirator, not a surgical mask, must be selected. For FFRs to protect wearers, however, wearers must be trained in wearing and using them properly, determine they fit by being fit tested, perform a user seal check each time FFRs are put on, and be medically evaluated to ensure they are physically able to wear FFRs while working.
Diabetic Foot Examination
Authors: Weinsier Stephanie Thatcher
Published: January 2017

The 60-second tool (2012)© uses a cost-effective, simple, standardized approach to identifying, in a timely fashion, which individuals are at high risk for diabetic foot complications. Using this tool, occupational health nurses can screen for diabetic foot complications in varied clinical settings.
Comparison of Caregiver Forces Required for Sliding a Patient up in Bed Using an Array of Slide Sheets
Authors: Bartnik Lindsay M. , Rice Martin S.
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the forces required while performing the common patient handling task of moving a patient up in bed using traditional cotton sheets or friction-reducing slide sheets. Twenty-nine healthy adult participants 18 to 36 years of age were recruited as “patients.” Hand forces and lumbar compression and shear forces were calculated on the “caregiver” when performing the repositioning task. Significant differences in lumbar compression and lumbar sagittal shear forces at L4-L5 and at L5-S1 were found among the three sheet types. No difference in peak sum hand force was found between the slide sheets; however, the traditional cotton sheet created the greatest force at the hands and every sheet exceeded the recommended summative hand force of 35 pounds. As such, sliding patients up in bed may contribute to increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries in caregivers.
Self-Reported Health Status, Body Mass Index, and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors
Authors: Carter Melondie R. , Kelly Rebecca K.
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to assess differences in self-reported health status, body mass index (BMI), and healthy lifestyle behaviors between Baby Boomer and Generation X faculty and staff at a southeastern university. Data were drawn from employee health risk assessment and BMI measures. A total of 730 Baby Boomer and 765 Generation X employees enrolled in a university health promotion and screening program were included in the study. Ordered logistic regressions were calculated separately for BMI, perceived health status, and three healthy lifestyle behaviors. After covariates such as job role, gender, race, education, and income were controlled, Baby Boomers were more likely than Generation X employees to report better health status and dietary habits. Baby Boomers were also more likely to engage in weekly aerobic physical activity ( p < .001) yet were also at greater risk of being overweight and obese. The results highlight the need to consider generational differences when developing health promotion programs.
Preventing Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Firefighters
Authors: Chalupka Stephanie
Published: January 2017

NIOSH recommends the use of quieter equipment, better work practices, and hearing protection devices and implementation of effective hearing loss prevention programs to prevent noise-induced hearing loss in firefighters.
Finnish Occupational Health Nurses' View of Work-Related Stress
Authors: Kinnunen-Amoroso Maritta , Liira Juha
Published: January 2017

Occupational stress at work has been increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for chronic disease and poor quality of work life among employees. The purpose of this study was to examine how occupational health nurses in Finland manage work-related stress. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used with a sample of 354 Finnish occupational nurses who responded to the survey. No specific standardized tools to assess or handle work-related stress in occupational health services or their client companies were identified. Open-ended interviews together with burnout questionnaires were the most frequently used methods to assess the stress of employees. Interventions were directed at individual employees. A need for standardized stress assessment instruments and stress management by work organizations was found. Methods to cope with work-related stress should be developed by the occupational health team and companies' health resources departments to ensure the adoption of common protocols.
An Integrative Review of Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Commercial Vehicle Drivers
Authors: Burns Nadine
Published: January 2017

Obstructive sleep apnea has been a concern for commercial vehicle drivers for several decades. An increasing body of knowledge supports the idea that insufficient sleep can affect drivers' abilities to react efficiently and expediently, leading to motor vehicle accidents. Insufficient sleep can be described as short sleep periods, prolonged driving time, and dysfunctional sleep breathing. Commercial motor vehicle drivers are required to undergo physical examinations at least once every 2 years to maintain certification. Medical examiners are encouraged to screen for obstructive sleep apnea during these biannual examinations. Current literature identifies four frequently used screening tools for obstructive sleep apnea: STOP Questionnaire, STOP-Bang Questionnaire, Berlin Questionnaire, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Medical examiners must determine which screening method is valid, reliable, and has sufficient evidence to support its use.
Breastfeeding Knowledge among Working Pregnant Women in Turkey
Authors: Karanci Gülsah , Yenal Kerziban
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the breastfeeding knowledge of pregnant working women and explore factors that affected their knowledge. This Turkish study included 260 healthy, working women in the last trimester of pregnancy. Two separate questionnaires developed by the researcher were used to collect data. The average knowledge score of pregnant women respondents for all questions were 6.03 ± 2.99 (range: 0 to 14). Pregnant women had the least knowledge about duration of expressing breast milk (21.9%) and safe storage conditions for breast milk (27.2%). They knew the most about methods to express breast milk (87.3%) and features of containers used to store expressed milk (80%). Study results indicated that working pregnant women need better prenatal education to continue safe breastfeeding after returning to work. Occupational health nurses should inform working pregnant women about expression and storage of breast milk during prenatal education.
Effectiveness of an on-Site Health Clinic at a Self-Insured University
Authors: McCaskill Sherrie P. , Schwartz Lisa A. , Derouin Anne L. , Pegram Angela H.
Published: January 2017

This study assessed the impact and cost-effectiveness of an on-site health clinic at a self-insured university. Health care costs and number of claims filed to primary care providers were trended before and after the clinic was established to determine savings. A retrospective chart review of all full-time, insured employees treated for upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) during a 1-year study period was conducted. On-site clinic costs for the treatment of URIs were compared to costs at outside community providers for similar care. Community cost norms for the treatment of URIs were provided by Primary Physicians Care, the administrator of insurance claims for the University. A cost-benefit analysis compared the cost of services on-site versus similar services at an outside community provider. Based on the results of this study, the University's on-site health care services were determined to be more cost-effective than similar off-site health care services for the treatment of URIs.
Modulation of Inhibitory Processing by Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Anxiety in a Subclinical Sample of Children
Authors: Gindt Morgane , Garcia René , Chanquoy Lucile
Published: January 2017

In adults, pathologies of anxiety such as posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) involve deficits in information processing that may reflect hypervigilance and deficient inhibitory control, specifically for negative information. However, little is known about inhibitory processing in children, particularly regarding the inhibition of emotional information. This study investigated whether children with PTSS or anxiety show impairments in executive control in an inhibition task. A total of 45 children ( M age = 9.2 year, SD = 0.7, range: 8–11) completed an inhibition task involving emotional—happy, angry, and fearful—and neutral stimuli and clinical scales for PTSS and anxiety. The results indicated that the percentage of correct answers was modulated by PTSS status, particularly in the happiness task. PTSS and anxiety altered the inhibition of fearful information in children. These data suggest different types of inhibitory deficits depending on clinical symptoms, and implications are discussed.
Amodal Atypical Neural Oscillatory Activity in Dyslexia
Authors: Lallier Marie , Molinaro Nicola , Lizarazu Mikel , Bourguignon Mathieu , Carreiras Manuel
Published: January 2017

It has been proposed that atypical neural oscillations in both the auditory and the visual modalities could explain why some individuals fail to learn to read and suffer from developmental dyslexia. However, the role of specific oscillatory mechanisms in reading acquisition is still under debate. In this article, we take a cross-linguistic approach and argue that both the phonological and orthographic specifics of a language (e.g., linguistic rhythm, orthographic depth) shape the oscillatory activity thought to contribute to reading development. The proposed theoretical framework should allow future research to test cross-linguistic hypotheses that will shed light on the heterogeneity of auditory and visual disorders and their underlying brain dysfunction(s) in developmental dyslexia, and inform clinical practice by helping us to diagnose dyslexia across languages.
“You’re Either One of Us or You’re Not”: Racial Hierarchy and Non-Black Members of Black Greek-Letter Organizations
Authors: Laybourn Wendy M. , Goss Devon R. , Hughey Matthew W.
Published: January 2017

Colleges and universities across the United States tout the importance of racial diversity, yet highly public racialized incidents persist. Historically, Black Greek-letter organizations (BGLOs) were created in the early twentieth century in response to the racism Black students experienced on college campuses. While previous literature provides evidence for the positive effects of BGLOs for Black members, less is known about if and how these effects of BGLO membership extend to non-Black members. Drawing on 34 in-depth interviews with non-Black members of BGLOs, we seek answers to three yet unasked questions: First, why do non-Blacks come to identify with BGLOs? Second, what are the responses and reactions to this identification process and experience? And finally, how does this identification relate to larger shifts in the United States’s racial hierarchy? We find that campus racial climate acts as a catalyst for BGLO membership and that BGLOs continue to serve their purpose as a necessary counter-space but that also, non-Blacks come to identify with these organizations in order to develop meaningful interracial solidarity and oppose their hostile campus climates.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Perceptions of Everyday Discrimination
Authors: Gong Fang , Xu Jun , Takeuchi David T.
Published: January 2017

This study examines differences in perceptions of discrimination across multiple racial and ethnic minority groups. We focus on structural factors such as race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) and psychosocial factors such as racial/ethnic identities as predictors of perceived everyday discrimination. Data come from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), and analyses reveal several important patterns. First, perceived everyday discrimination is highly prevalent among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States and these perceptions largely reflect existing racial/ethnic hierarchies: African Americans and Afro-Caribbeans report the highest level of discrimination, whereas most Asian and Latino groups report less. Second, education, income, and immigration-related factors such as duration of residence and English language proficiency are positively associated with perceived discrimination. Third, the effects of racial/ethnic identity on perceived discrimination vary across ethnic groups, showing stronger associations among Afro-Caribbeans than among other racial and ethnic minorities. Findings from this study help to advance our theoretical understanding and empirical knowledge of racial/ethnic stratification and perceived discrimination in the United States.
Aid is a key regulator of myeloid/erythroid differentiation and DNA methylation in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Kunimoto Hiroyoshi , McKenney Anna Sophia , Meydan Cem , Shank Kaitlyn , Nazir Abbas , Rapaport Franck , Durham Benjamin , Garrett-Bakelman Francine E. , Pronier Elodie , Shih Alan H. , Melnick Ari , Chaudhuri Jayanta , Levine Ross L.
Published: January 2017

Key Points

Aid loss leads to altered differentiation, transcription, and methylation in specific genetic loci in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Aid loss does not contribute to enhanced HSC self-renewal or cooperate with Flt3-ITD in myeloid leukemogenesis.
Primary Endothelial Sarcoma of the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Rückert Ralph I. , Rudolph Birgit , Rogalla Patrik , Walter Michael
Published: January 2017

Primary malignant tumors of the aorta are extremely rare. The case of a 64-year-old woman who presented with peripheral embolism to both femoropopliteal arteries is reported. The search for a source revealed a polypoid lesion severely narrowing the lumen of the distal thoracic aorta. Differential diagnosis included thrombus and primary aortic tumor. Extirpation of the tumorous lesion was performed. Histologic examination revealed intimal aortic sarcoma of endothelial cell origin. Although the liver was the only site of suspected metastases at the time of operation, during the 18-month follow-up until the patient's death, generalized metastatic spread had developed. This case report thus demonstrates the generally poor prognosis of this rare variety of aortic sarcoma, in particular when symptoms have already occurred.
Noninvasive Intrasac Pressure Measurement and the Influence of Type 2 and Type 3 Endoleaks in an Animal Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Milner Ross , Verhagen Hence J. M. , Prinssen Monique , Blankensteijn Jan D.
Published: January 2017

The objective of this study was to noninvasively detect pressure changes within an excluded aneurysm sac in an animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and to study the influence of type 2 and 3 endoleaks. A porcine model of AAA that allows for the creation of type 2 and 3 endoleaks was used. A miniaturized pressure monitoring device (3 X 9 X 1.5 mm; Remon Medical Technologies, Caesarea, Israel) was implanted within the surgically created and excluded aneurysm sac. The pressure monitoring device is an ultrasound-based system that allows for pressure measurements in a noninvasive, transcutaneous fashion. In addition, catheter-based pressures were taken within the aorta and directly in the AAA sac. Noninvasive measurements were taken in a transcutaneous fashion between the initial operation and the time of sacrifice, when the type 3 endoleak was created (2 weeks). The median mean arterial pressure was 66 mm Hg (range 55–120 mm Hg; N = 8). The median noninvasive sac pressure with a type 2 endoleak was 48 mm Hg (range 39–90 mm Hg; N = 8) and was almost identical to the catheter-based measurements. Noninvasive pressures could be measured as early as postprocedure day 1. Two animals had follow-up that suggested closure of the type 2 endoleak during the observation period. With the creation of the type 3 endoleak, the catheter and noninvasive sac pressure and waveform changed from a flatline trace to a higher-pressure pulsatile trace (median 54 mm Hg; range 46–81 mm Hg; N = 8), reproducing the arterial pressure and waveform. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that demonstrates the efficacy of a noninvasive, miniaturized pressure monitoring device in identifying pressure changes in an excluded aneurysm sac with type 2 and type 3 endoleaks. This technology holds great promise for follow-up of patients and identification of sac pressure changes after EVAR and may allow a change in the current follow-up strategy.
Early Technical and Clinical Results with Retrievable Inferior Vena Caval Filters
Authors: Lam Russell C. , Bush Ruth L. , Lin Peter H. , Lumsden Alan B.
Published: January 2017

Deep venous thrombosis with or without subsequent pulmonary embolism is a common preventable cause of hospital death. Although anticoagulation is the accepted standard therapy for thromboembolic disease, in situations in which anticoagulation is contraindicated, interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC) by means of percutaneous placement of a filter has become a widely used alternative. We report our initial experience with two retrievable IVC filters. Between July 2002 and April 2003, 13 patients ( mean age 54 ± 7 years; range 29–75 years) underwent percutaneous placement of either the Gunther Tulip ( n = 5; Cook Inc., Bloomington, IN) or OptEase ( n = 8; Cordis, Miami Lakes, FL) IVC filter. Five patients had filters placed prophylactically before major surgery. The remaining eight patients had had a contraindication to anticoagulation, and three had experienced a hemorrhagic complication as a result of anticoagulation following either a recently documented deep venous thrombosis ( n = 3) or pulmonary embolism ( n = 5). Filters were successfully placed in all 13 patients, with a duration of implantation ranging from 2 to 15 days. Retrieval was attempted in 12 patients (in 1 patient, permanent filtration was secondarily requested) and was achieved in 10 (84.6%) patients. In 2 patients, retrieval failure was due to device angulation within the vena cava precluding safe retrieval. In both instances, the device used was the Gunther Tulip filter. No patient developed symptomatic pulmonary embolism or insertion-site thrombosis following either filter deployment or removal. Trapped thrombus in the filters was seen in all patients. Retrieval required a mean of 6.8 minutes (range 5–10.2 minutes) of fluoroscopy time. Neither filter migration nor caval injury was observed. Temporary IVC filters are effective and are associated with a high retrieval success rate. Further study is warranted to determine the maximal duration of implantation and whether retrievable IVC filters should expand the indications for IVC filter placement.
Integrated Approach to Construction and Maintenance of Prosthetic Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis
Authors: Shemesh David , Olsha Oded , Berelowitz Daniel , Zaghal Ibrahim , Zigelman Charles Z. , Abramowitz Harry B.
Published: January 2017

Autogenous arteriovenous access is the preferred access for hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease but is not feasible in a significant number of patients. The creation of a prosthetic arteriovenous access (PAVA) for hemodialysis using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is technically simple and the short-term results are usually good, but the PAVA's 1-year patency rate is low (less than 60% in many centers). We have developed an integrated approach for the creation and maintenance of PAVAs, under the direction of a dedicated vascular access surgeon, involving preoperative imaging, anesthetic and surgical techniques, and a postoperative graft surveillance program, to improve patency rates. The design used was a prospective nonrandomized study. Between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2001, 158 PAVAs were created (36.8% of the 419 fistulae created during this period). High-resolution duplex ultrasonography was added to careful clinical assessment in planning and follow-up of the dialysis access. The preferred method of PAVA creation was the forearm loop using tapered 4 to 7 mm stretch expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. After surgery, patients entered a program of close follow-up and regular graft surveillance and maintenance. Prophylactic surgical revisions and endovascular interventions were performed routinely according to ultrasonography findings to prevent thrombosis. Thrombolysis and thrombectomy were performed without delay when the PAVA thrombosed, minimizing the use of central venous access and salvaging the central veins. No patients were excluded from the study. One-, 2-, and 3-year assisted primary patency rates (including patients without occlusion but who were judged to require prophylactic revision) were 65%, 54.1%, and 48.8%, respectively. With surveillance-directed surgical revisions and endovascular treatment before or after occlusion, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year secondary patency rates (functional patency) were 91.4%, 84.3%, and 78.5%. Of the 158 grafts, 110 never occluded during the study period. There were 155 interventions in 74 PAVAs: 30 surgical revisions, 63 prophylactic endovascular procedures, and 52 instances of thrombolytic therapy combined with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The use of prosthetic arteriovenous access for hemodialysis, when autogenous arteriovenous access is not feasible, can still be associated with excellent long-term patency, in spite of previously published poor results, as long as good planning, close follow-up, and aggressive intervention (when indicated) are carried out.
Nomenclature of Tokyo cherry (Cerasus × yedoensis 'Somei‐yoshino', Rosaceae) and allied interspecific hybrids based on recent advances in population genetics
Authors: Katsuki Toshio , Iketani Hiroyuki
Published: January 2017

The flowering cherries, Cerasus (≡Prunus subg. Cerasus; Rosaceae), including C. × yedoensis 'Somei‐yoshino', are popular ornamental trees in temperate regions of the world. Recent advances in molecular and population genetics have revealed that this group originated as an interspecific hybrid. We used these findings and the verification of type specimens to examine the nomenclature of nothotaxa including C. × yedoensis. Four nothotaxa, C. × yedoensis, C. × nudiflora , C. × sacra and C. × kashioensis, were confirmed to be hybrids resulting from crosses between C. itosakura and taxa of the C. serrulata complex (C. speciosa, C. sargentii, C. jamasakura and C. leveilleana, respectively). In addition, the hybrids found on Jeju Island are C. × nudiflora, a new combination for an interspecific hybrid shown to be genetically distinct from C. × yedoensis. A new nothospecies, C. × kashioensis is proposed for a hybrid between C. itosakura and C. leveilleana.