bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hospitalization Outcomes by Palliative Care Utilization and Trends Among Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer in the United States
Authors: Jackson Inimfon , Lu Qian , Tripathy Debasish
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE

We examined the trends in palliative care utilization, racial/ethnic disparities in hospitalization outcomes among adult women with a diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and effect modification by palliative care utilization.

METHODS

Retrospective cohort analyses were conducted using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality sponsored Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project—National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 to 2020. Regression analyses were used to evaluate palliative care trends, and the association between race/ethnicity and in-hospital mortality, length of stay, total hospital charges, and discharge disposition. Stratified analyses were conducted by palliative care use.

RESULTS

Palliative care consultations in the study population increased from 16.4% in 2016 to 20.3% in 2020. Black (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.25 [95% CI, 1.16 to 1.34]) and Hispanic (AOR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.23]) female patients with MBC had higher in-hospital mortality compared with the White patients. Among those who received palliative care, Blacks had similar odds (AOR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.97 to 1.20]) of in-hospital mortality when compared with Whites. Black women were more likely to have longer hospital stays relative to White women. Although Black women had similar odds (AOR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.92 to 1.04]) of discharge to a short-term/skilled nursing facility versus routine discharge compared with White women, Blacks who received palliative care had 19% (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.95) lower odds of discharge to a facility.

CONCLUSION

Our findings emphasize the importance of palliative care use among patients with MBC and highlight the need to raise awareness of its benefits, especially in minority populations. Further studies are needed to explore ways to narrow the gap in existing disparities and to test these interventions on care metrics and patient outcomes.
The hearts of large mammals generate higher pressures, are less efficient and use more energy than those of small mammals
Authors: Snelling Edward P. , Seymour Roger S.
Published: October 2024

A prevailing assumption in the cardiovascular field is that the metabolic rate of the heart is a constant proportion of a mammal's whole-body aerobic metabolic rate. In this Commentary, we assemble previously published cardiovascular, metabolic and body mass data from matched terrestrial mammalian species, at rest and during heavy exercise, and reveal scaling relationships that challenge this assumption. Our analyses indicate that the fractional metabolic cost of systemic perfusion compared with whole-body metabolic rate increases significantly with body size among resting mammals, from ∼2.5% in a mouse to ∼10% in an elephant. We propose that two significant body size-dependent effects contribute to this conclusion; namely, that larger species generate higher mean systemic arterial blood pressure and that their myocardium operates with lower external mechanical efficiencies compared with those of smaller species. We discuss potential physiological and mechanical explanations, including the additional energy needed to support the arterial blood column above the heart in larger species, especially those with long necks, as well as the possible sources of greater internal energy losses from the heart of larger species. Thus, we present an updated view of how increasing blood pressure and decreasing efficiency of the myocardium result in an increasing fractional metabolic cost of perfusion as body size increases among resting mammals.
Examination of the effects of new transportation technologies and business models on urban structure
Authors: Σαρρή Παρασκευή
Published: October 2024

Ζούμε σε μια νέα εποχή στις μεταφορές, με τις τεχνολογικές εξελίξεις να αλλάζουν τις ζωές των ανθρώπων με πολλούς τρόπους. Το πρόβλημα που εξετάζεται σε αυτή την εργασία είναι η επίδραση που θα μπορούσαν να έχουν αυτές οι εξελίξεις στις χρήσεις γης. Το πρώτο στοιχείο εδώ, όπως και σε κάθε έρευνα, είναι ο εντοπισμός του ερευνητικού κενού και η διαμόρφωση του στόχου και των επιμέρους αντικειμενικών στόχων του έργου. Στη συνέχεια, η διατριβή χωρίζεται σε τρία κύρια μέρη, τα οποία είναι η ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας, η μεθοδολογία που αναπτύχθηκε για την αντιμετώπιση του ερευνητικού κενού και η μοντελοποίηση σεναρίων για την αξιολόγηση των προβλέψεων των επιπτώσεων. Αρχικά, διεξήχθη λεπτομερής ανασκόπηση της σχετικής βιβλιογραφίας και διαπιστώθηκε ότι οι επιπτώσεις των νέων τεχνολογιών στις χρήσεις γης έχουν λάβει περιορισμένη προσοχή, γεγονός που αποτελεί ένα κενό στη γνώση. Η παρούσα διατριβή στοχεύει να παράσχει απαντήσεις σε αυτό το κενό. Στη συνέχεια, περιγράφονται οι αρχές της μεθοδολογίας και αναλύεται πώς η εφαρμογή αυτών των αρχών στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας διατριβής είναι εφικτή, ώστε να παραχθούν πολύτιμα αποτελέσματα. Για την εφαρμογή των αρχών, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν διάφορες κρίσιμες τιμές όπως το γενικευμένο κόστος, το κόστος κατοχής αυτοκινήτου, μεταβλητές που σχετίζονται με την κυκλοφοριακή ικανότητα και τους ρυθμούς ταξιδιών για τη βαθμονόμηση του μοντέλου. Επιπλέον, τροποποιήθηκαν τμήματα της εσωτερικής δομής μοντελοποίησης του επιλεγμένου μοντέλου LUTI (Land Use Transport Interaction). Πιο συγκεκριμένα, ένα νέο μοντέλο κατοχής αυτοκινήτου βαθμονομήθηκε και ενσωματώθηκε στο σύστημα. Η επιλεγμένη μελέτη περίπτωσης για την ανάλυση αυτή είναι η περιοχή των West Midlands (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο), και ως εκ τούτου σχεδιάστηκαν σενάρια δοκιμών που ενσωματώνουν νέες τεχνολογίες οχημάτων και επιχειρηματικά μοντέλα στην περιοχή αυτή. Με βάση τα παραγόμενα αποτελέσματα, είναι προφανές ότι η ενσωμάτωση των νέων τεχνολογιών οχημάτων και των επιχειρηματικών μοντέλων στο σύστημα μεταφορών μπορεί να αυξήσει τον συνολικό περιφερειακό πληθυσμό και την περιφερειακή απασχόληση. Ωστόσο, οι αστικές περιοχές με τη μεγαλύτερη οικονομική δύναμη εμφανίζουν φθίνουσες τάσεις ως προς τον πληθυσμό και την απασχόληση, γεγονός που υποδηλώνει έναν χωρικό ανακαταμερισμό των δραστηριοτήτων στα σενάρια δοκιμών που ενσωματώνουν τις προαναφερόμενες καινοτομίες στις μεταφορές. Επιπλέον, οι ζώνες που γειτνιάζουν με την περιοχή παρουσιάζουν μείωση του πληθυσμού και της απασχόλησης, κάτι που υποδηλώνει ότι λόγω της αυξημένης προσβασιμότητας από τις νέες τεχνολογίες μεταφορών και τα επιχειρηματικά μοντέλα, διαφορετικές μορφές οικονομικής δραστηριότητας έλκονται προς την περιοχή. Τέλος, η αναπτυγμένη μεθοδολογία και τα παραγόμενα αποτελέσματα επικυρώθηκαν με τη χρήση ενός συνδυασμού μεθόδων επικύρωσης, όπως η ανάλυση ευαισθησίας και η επικύρωση από ειδικούς.
Concomitant Infection of Helicobacter pylori and Intestinal Parasites: Burden, Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents in Northern Lebanon
Authors: MINA Sara , Daher Sara , Mina Nour , Khoder Ghalia
Published: October 2024

Background Helicobacter pylori and intestinal parasites are well-known for their high prevalence in children, especially in developing countries. However, their concomitant infections are poorly documented. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between intestinal parasites and H. pylori among hospitalized children and adolescents with upper gastrointestinal complaints in Northern Lebanon. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 297 hospitalized pediatric patients, aged between 1 and 15 years, who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. The socio-demographic, lifestyle, and gastrointestinal characteristics of all participants were analyzed. Fresh stool samples were collected and screened for the presence of intestinal parasites and H. pylori infections. Results 6.4% of the patients were positive for intestinal parasitic infections, 5.4% were positive for H. pylori infection, and 11.8% were co-infected. The results of the Chi-square test showed that H. pylori infection is significantly associated with parasitic infection but not with a particular species. The most frequent coinfection was H. pylori-Entamoeba histolytica (77.1%). Moreover, H. pylori infection was associated with overcrowding and infrequent washing of vegetables before eating. The prevalence of co-infections increased in patients of mothers with a primary educational level or less. In regards to clinical characteristics, our findings showed a statistically significant relationship between i) gastric reflux and H. pylori, and ii) severe diarrhea and parasitic infection. Conclusion Our data highlighted the association between H. pylori and intestinal parasitic infections. Thus, H. pylori detection could be taken into consideration while screening for parasitic infections in children and adolescents.
The genome sequence of a lauxaniid fly, Tricholauxania praeusta (Fallén, 1820)
Authors: Falk Steven ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Tricholauxania praeusta (a lauxaniid fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Lauxaniidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 661.30 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.31 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 25,606 protein-coding genes.
Speaking in Private: Privacy Expectations Depend on Communication Modality
Authors: Melzner Johann , Bonezzi Andrea , Meyvis Tom
Published: October 2024

Consumers disclose personal information when they interact with connected technologies. The advent of voice technology has enabled consumers to interact with connected technologies not only through typing but also through speaking. The present research investigates whether consumers expect different levels of privacy for information they disclose via different communication modalities. The results of three studies suggest that consumers have more restrictive privacy expectations for information disclosed via speech as compared with text. The studies probe the viability of several mechanisms that may drive this effect and test practically relevant moderators. The results suggest that the effect is driven, at least in part, by increased feelings of ownership over content disclosed via speech as compared with text. Of relevance to multiple stakeholders, the article discusses implications for privacy regulation, privacy-preserving application design, targeted advertising, and the “privacy paradox.”

This paper has been This paper was accepted by Catherine Tucker for the Special Issue on the Human-Algorithm Connection.

Funding: This work was supported by Marketing Science Institute [4001309], NYU Stern Center for Global Economy and Business.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03954 .
A phenomenological study on the stress experienced by Nursing students During the clinical experience in the Psychiatric Unit
Authors: Lee Jeong Seop
Published: October 2024

Aspect of Nursing students, Clinical experiences are stress provoking.High stress may contribute to decreased learning.The purpose of this study was to identify Nursing student J s experienced stress during the clinical experience in the Psychiatric Unit Twenty seven Senior nursing students were asked to write experienced steress during the 12days of clinical practice in Psychiatric Unit from Feb 25, through June 25,1993.These data were analyzed using Van Kaam’s method.The results are as follow 1. Student ascribed stress related to specific character of psychiatric unit to the difficulty in relating with patient, the difficulty due to clinical practice management, the difficulty due to psychiatric treatment.The theme clusters were preconception, heed reflection suffering due to seperate with patients, practice time, change of practice setting, burnen of homework, helplessness, skepticism, compassion. 2. Students ascribed stress related to professional knowledge deficit to the difficulty in relating with typical pattern’s patients, the difficulty in managing with practical setting.3. Students ascribed stress related to personal influence to difficulty due to level of intimacy with patient, difficulty due to level of identifying with patient, confusion of the sense of value and personal problem.Theme clusters were hospitalization of known person, worsening intimate patient, feeling of severely differentiating with patient, confusion of the sense of value, personal problem.Consequently, the faculty, by providing empathetic support, should be a person with whom students can express their feelings and share their stressful experiences and more reserches are required for the more effective education of clinical practice
Production and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibrils from Cotton Noil Waste
Authors: Ponnusamy Prabaharan Graceraj , Sharma Suraj , Mani Sudhagar
Published: October 2024

Highlights

Cotton noil is a waste short fiber from the cotton yarn industry.

Cellulose nanofibrils were produced by ball-milling and high-pressure homogenization processes.

The width of nanofibrils ranged from 50 to 70 nm, with about 80% crystallinity index.

The 5% CNF had a tensile strength of about 25 MPa and can be used as a reinforcing material.

Abstract. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), the nanostructured cellulose, are promising nanomaterials for bio-based barrier coating and packaging applications. In this study, we investigated the production of cellulose nanofibrils from cotton noil, a waste short-fiber from the cotton yarn industry. The cotton noil fibers were subjected to ball milling for 10 min and dispersed in water to prepare slurries with three different concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10% w/v). Then, the slurry was passed through a high-pressure homogenizer at 700 bar pressure for 14 cycles or until the fibers were fibrillated into CNF hydrogels. The CNF with 1% and 5% concentrations had an average width of 70 and 52 nm, respectively, while the 10% CNF concentration had a mix of both nanofibrils and microfibrils due to inconsistent fibrillation. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques on the isolated CNFs demonstrated that the manufacturing process did not affect the cellulose molecular structure or crystallinity. The tensile strength of CNF from 5% concentration was about 25 MPa. This simple manufacturing method can be applied to utilize cotton noil fibers to produce CNF for various applications. Keywords: Ball milling, Cellulose nanofibrils, Cotton noil, Homogenization, Tensile strength.
Design, Prototyping, and Evaluation of A New Machine Vision-Based Automated Sweetpotato Grading and Sorting System
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Lu Yuzhen , Deng Boyang
Published: October 2024

Highlights

A computer algorithm pipeline with YOLOv8 was developed for grading sweetpotatoes for size and surface defects.

Pneumatically powered sorting mechanisms were prototyped and evaluated for sweetpotato sorting.

The sorting mechanisms achieved 96.9% accuracy and 92.5% repeatability at a conveyor speed of 12 cm s-1.

The integrated system achieved online, automated grading and sorting accuracies of 93.8% and 92.7%, respectively.

Abstract. Automated quality grading and sorting of fresh market sweetpotato roots have not been achieved at packing facilities, which consequently requires significant labor to manually grade the products and sort them by hand. Given an increasing shortage of labor and rising labor costs, there is a pressing need to develop automated grading and sorting technology for sweetpotato packers to stay competitive and profitable. This study reports on the design, prototyping, and evaluation of an innovative machine vision-based, automated sweetpotato grading and sorting system empowered by state-of-the-art artificial intelligence. The developed prototype consists of a custom-designed roller conveyor-based machine vision unit that performs size and surface defect detection and grading of sweetpotatoes traveling and rotating on the conveyor and pneumatically powered sorting mechanisms for automated sorting of the sweetpotatoes into three grades after they exit from the vision area. A computer algorithm pipeline was developed to segment and track individual sweetpotato instances by YOLOv8l in real-time and perform quality grading based on multiple views of samples for size (length and width) and surface defects, and then activate the sorting mechanisms to selectively segregate graded sweetpotatoes online. Experiments were conducted on the performance of the sorting mechanisms, the machine vision unit, and the fully integrated system at varied conveyor speeds. The sorter without vision integration achieved an accuracy of 96.9% and repeatability of 92.5% at a conveyor speed of 12 cm s-1. The machine vision system yielded an overall accuracy of 95.8% and 93.8% in grading three-class sweetpotatoes for surface defects alone and for both size and surface defects, respectively, at the conveyor speed of 12 cm s-1. An overall sorting accuracy of 92.7% was achieved by the integrated system at the conveyor speed of 12 cm s-1. Grading and sorting accuracies tended to decrease as the conveyor speed increased. A video demo of automated sweetpotato grading and sorting processes is available at https://youtu.be/3QEp9wFTiu0. With more dedicated efforts on hardware and software improvements, the developed grading and sorting machine prototype promises to evolve into a practical implementation at commercial sweetpotato packing facilities. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Automated grading and sorting, Machine vision, Sweetpotato, System integration.
Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease, a Diagnostic Challenge and Management in ICU: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Zia Arshad , Vinod Srivastava ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Digvijay Singh ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Ravi Prakash ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Gyan P Singh ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Rati Prabha ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: October 2024

PPrion disease is a group of neurogenerative disorders caused by misfolding of prion proteins into abnormal proteins. It is presented with multiple central nervous system-related disorders such as decreased cognitive function, movement disorder, seizure, speech problems, dementia, visual blurring, and limb weakness. It is rapidly progressive and highly fatal with an annual incidence of about one per million all over the world. A 65-year-old lady presented in our hospital with all the above mix-up complaints in poor general condition. All workups relevant to the above scenario were done to find the diagnosis. All possible metabolic cause was ruled out; however, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain led to suspicion of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Electroencephalogram was done further to make this diagnosis confirm. The patient responded to the general supportive treatment and discharge with stable and improved status. Key words: Creutzfeldt Jacob disease, Prion, Intensive care unit, Electroencephalogram, Dementia.
Video-Laryngoscope For Difficult Paediatric Airway Management In A Case Of Meningomyelocele For Emergency Ventriculo Peritoneal Shunt Surgery
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesia, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Baxi Vaibhavi , Shah Maitri ,   Department of Anaesthesia, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: October 2024

Administering anaesthesia in the pediatric population is challenging because of various physiological and anatomical changes in them compared to adults. It becomes more difficult when associated with congenital anomalies. One of the major anaesthetic challenges in meningomyelocele (MMC) includes securing the airway with proper positioning of the child. The airway becomes a challenge, especially in small babies with associated congenital anomalies, raised intracranial pressure (ICP), and in emergency presentations with upper airway obstruction. Here is a case report of a 5-month-old 6 kg baby with big lumbar MMC and hydrocephalus, raised intracranial pressure with grunting noise indicating upper airway obstruction with respiratory distress for emergency ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement. Video laryngoscopy (C-MAC)® with pediatric Millers blade was used as the first choice as a difficult airway was anticipated and helped us secure a difficult airway within seconds without any rise in ICP. The baby was placed supine for surgery while avoiding any pressure on the swelling to prevent its rupture, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or increase in ICP. Apart from airway control, intraoperative anaesthetic management in this case of V-P shunt also included proper positioning of large MMC, prevention of any rise in ICP, and prevention of hypothermia. Keywords: Video-laryngoscope, Pediatric millers blade, Difficult pediatric airway, Meningomyelocele, Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.
“Meeting Martha”: An Affrilachian Performance Aesthetics In Martha Redbones’ Bone Hill
Authors: Barbour-Payne Yunina
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Musician Martha Redbone is an Appalachian-born Black Indigenous woman with wide visibility, whose artistry highlights how race, place, indigeneity, and class inform what it means to be American. This essay on Martha Redbone, highlights the artists’ activism on stage across cultures, Black, Indigenous, and Appalachian, showcasing the nuances of Black belonging in the region. Redbone’s Bone Hill: The Concert is a musical that tells the stories of her female ancestors growing up in Appalachia. Artistically, Redbone embeds an awareness of region and race within her musical compositions, a strategy I am naming as explicitly Affrilachian. Martha Redbone’s aesthetic interventions as a Black Indigenous artist creating national touring productions about her roots in the region highlights the ongoing influence of Black artistry in America as well as offers historical perspectives on Black and Indigenous experiences in the Appalachian region.
In Their Own Words: Black Farmers In Appalachian Kentucky In The 21st Century
Authors: DeBruin Jed
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Studies of the southern United States have “the potential to renovate geographic knowledge by centering a Black sense of place in research examining race and region” (Bledsoe et. al 7). Appalachia, a region which both overlaps with portions of the South and maintains a separate regional identity, likewise holds this potential to renovate geographic knowledge. A Black sense of place can be centered through examining how narratives that connect food, land, and collective struggle (White xviii) help to “recover, tell, and honor” the stories of Black rural residents (3). In particular, oral history has the power to disrupt dominant narratives (see Johnson; see D. Scott), address regional knowledge gaps through collective memories (see Grim; Brown, Gone ), and seek to understand the lives and experiences of Black rural people and Black rural spaces (see Grim; see Johnson; see D. Scott). In this paper, the author examines twelve oral histories he conducted with Black farmers in central and eastern Kentucky and analyzes how these narratives fit within broader understandings and theorizations of community, identity, agriculture, race, and Appalachia.
Of Stones and Horses: Reading the Gōngsūn Lóngži in Terms of Concrete Universals
Authors: Indraccolo Lisa
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The present article proposes a new take on the realist interpretation of the Gōngsūn Lóngzǐ, which theorizes the existence of a theory of universals in the text. Building on the “two-level ontology” hypothesis, it argues that the Gōngsūn Lóngz ǐ elaborates a complex category theory that should rather be interpreted in terms of concrete rather than abstract universals. Through the analysis of some of the most famous arguments debated in the text, such as the “white horse” and the “hard and white stone,” among others, the article delineates a distinction between what seems to be two different types of categories, “incidental qualities” and “structural qualities.” Through this analysis, the article aims to show how this interpretation can help disambiguate the meaning of certain obscure passages, and to identify an underlying line of reasoning that runs like a thread through the text, despite its complex textual history.
Heidegger and Zhuangzi: Conversations about the Vanity of Morality and the Fasting of the Heart
Authors: Lavis Alexis Y.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Recent studies revealed how the reference to Zhuangzi played a determining role in the evolution of Heidegger’s thinking. Among the sources is a work written in 1945 under the title Country Path Conversations . The last of these conversations presents strong similarities with another between Confucius and Yan Hui, imagined by Zhuangzi at the beginning of the fourth chapter. Analogies between these two conversations are so numerous that it is surprising that it has not been noticed until now. However, the establishment of this rapprochement is crucial. It might show how deep is the echo that Heidegger acknowledged between his work and the Lao-Zhuang perspective. Moreover, it reveals that this resonance is not limited to the themes of the “path” and the “letting be,” but also concerns the essential problem of evil and the way to face it.
Visual simulation of intraocular lenses: from on-bench performance to computational and experimental validations
Authors: Papadogiannis Petros , Gambra Enrique , Łabuz Grzegorz , Yan Weijia , Martín-Becerra Diana , Sisó-Fuertes Irene , de Castro Alberto , Barcala Xoana , Auffarth Gerd U. , Dorronsoro Carlos , Sawides Lucie
Published: October 2024

This study presents a systematic method to simulate various intraocular lenses (IOLs) available in the market. Five IOLs (two trifocals, one bifocal, one enhanced monofocal, and one extended depth of focus (EDOF)) were evaluated in terms of through focus visual Strehl (TFVS) utilizing the OptiSpheric IOL PRO2 device (Trioptics GmbH). Then, the estimated TFVS (ETFVS) and the temporal coefficients necessary for temporal multiplexing were computed, and through an iterative process, the SimVis TFVS was obtained. Finally, a high-speed focimeter was used to measure the opto-tunable lens responses to the temporal profile, and the experimental SimVis TFVS was acquired. Therefore, results are analyzed in terms of ETFVS (computed from the VSR-OTF), SimVis TFVS (computed from the TCs through temporal multiplexing), and experimental SimVis TFVS (acquired from the high-speed focimeter setup). The ETFVS and the SimVis TFVS curves demonstrated excellent alignment across all IOLs with cross-correlation coefficients > 0.94. Similarly, the experimental SimVis TFVS and the SimVis TFVS curves showed high correlation with cross-correlation coefficients > 0.97 and root mean square error (RMSE) < 0.05 for each lens. We demonstrated that different IOL designs can be visually simulated using its TFVS to obtain the corresponding temporal coefficients for simulations through temporal multiplexing using the SimVis technology.
An Image Motion Compensation Control Method for the Dynamic Scan and Stare Imaging System
Authors: Gao Peng , Su Xiuqin , Pan Zhibin , Zhang Wenbo , Wang Lin , Liu Ruoyu , Cao Yu
Published: October 2024

The main function of the dynamic scan and stare imaging system is to quickly and continuously search a large area and perform high-resolution imaging. To eliminate image motion during the scanning process, this paper proposes an image motion compensation control method with dual channel control. Firstly, an improved model-assisted active disturbance rejection control is proposed, in which an auxiliary model is integrated into the algorithm to improve the control accuracy and response speed of the rotation rate of the platform. Secondly, a fast steering mirror (FSM) is introduced into the control system to compensate for the scanning speed and multiple disturbances. By adopting the amplitude frequency characteristics of the tracking differentiator, a parallel tracking differentiator filter is designed to suppress the interference of gyroscope noise on the FSM. When the system is disturbed by multiple frequency disturbances, the residual error of the image motion compensation is less than the spatial angular resolution of one pixel through the dual channel stable control of the platform and the FSM. In the scan imaging experiment results, the average value of the grayscale variance function for the compensated images is close to 90% that of the static reference images.
Video-observed therapy (VOT) vs directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review on adherence, cost of treatment observation, time spent observing treatment and patient satisfaction
Authors: Areas Lisboa Netto Thiago , Diniz Bruna Dellatorre , Odutola Peter , Dantas Clara Rocha , de Freitas Maria Carolina Fonseca Loureiro Caldeira , Hefford Philip Michael , Bes Taniela Marli
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment demands strict adherence to multidrug regimens. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) poses challenges, especially regarding adherence. With the popularization of smartphones, Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) has emerged as a promising alternative, allowing healthcare providers to remotely supervise patients taking their medications via video calls.

Objectives

This systematic review critically assesses VOT’s effectiveness compared to DOT, focusing on adherence, treatment costs, time spent supervising treatment, and patient satisfaction, aiming to optimize TB supervision methods worldwide.

Methods

Only studies that met the following criteria were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review: randomized trials; studies that compared VOT to DOT; studies involving patients diagnosed with pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis; studies that reported any of the desired outcomes; full-text articles available for review; and studies conducted in the English language. We excluded studies with the following attributes: studies that lacked a control group; case series or case reports; and previous systematic reviews.

The search engines and databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were used to find studies comparing Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) to Directly Observed Therapy (DOT). The following search phrases were used to look for papers that contained them in their title or abstract: ("Electronic Directly Observed Therapy" OR "Video-observed therapy" OR "Telemedicine" OR "Wirelessly observed therapy" OR "Smartphone-enabled video-observed") AND ("TUBERCULOSIS").

Results

A systematic review of the literature revealed the following findings: in all Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), video-observed therapy (VOT) demonstrated non-inferiority in terms of treatment adherence compared to traditional directly observed therapy (DOT); VOT reduced costs where these outcomes were assessed in the RCTs; the use of VOT reduced the amount of time healthcare professionals spent supervising treatment in RCTs evaluating this aspect; VOT contributed to higher treatment satisfaction in RCTs where this outcome was measured.

Conclusion

In this systematic review we emphasize the importance of Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) in the digital age for patients that have access to internet. Our findings show that VOT is comparable to DOT in terms of treatment adherence, but it is also cost-effective, improves patient satisfaction and takes less time for healthcare professionals to supervise.
Path of career planning and employment strategy based on deep learning in the information age
Authors: Zhang Yichi
Published: October 2024

With the improvement of education level and the expansion of higher education, more students can have the opportunities to obtain better education, and the pressure of employment competition is also increasing. How to improve students’ employment competitiveness, comprehensive quality and the ability to explore paths for career planning and employment strategies has become a common concern in today’s society. Under the background of today’s informatization, the paths of career planning and employment strategies are becoming more and more informatized. The support of Internet is essential for obtaining more employment information. As a representative product of the information age, deep learning provides people with a better path. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the career planning and employment strategy paths based on deep learning in the information age. Research has shown that in the current information age, deep learning through career planning and employment strategy paths can help students solve the main problems they face in career planning education and better meet the needs of today’s society. Career awareness increased by 35% and self-improvement by 15%. This indicated that in the information age, career planning and employment strategies based on deep learning are a way to conform to the trend of the times, which can better help college students improve their understanding, promote employment, and promote self-development.This study combines quantitative and qualitative methods, collects data through questionnaires, and uses deep learning model for analysis. Control group and experimental group were set up to evaluate the effect of career planning education. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results.
The dual-specificity kinase DYRK1A interacts with the Hepatitis B virus genome and regulates the production of viral RNA
Authors: Pastor Florentin , Charles Emilie , Di Vona Chiara , Chapelle Maëlys , Rivoire Michel , Passot Guillaume , Chabot Benoit , de la Luna Susana , Lucifora Julie , Durantel David , Salvetti Anna
Published: October 2024

The genome of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persists in infected hepatocytes as a nuclear episome (cccDNA) that is responsible for the transcription of viral genes and viral rebound, following antiviral treatment arrest in chronically infected patients. There is currently no clinically approved therapeutic strategy able to efficiently target cccDNA (Lucifora J 2016). The development of alternative strategies aiming at permanently abrogating HBV RNA production requires a thorough understanding of cccDNA transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. In a previous study, we discovered that 1C8, a compound that inhibits the phosphorylation of some cellular RNA-binding proteins, could decrease the level of HBV RNAs. Here, we aimed at identifying kinases responsible for this effect. Among the kinases targeted by 1C8, we focused on DYRK1A, a dual-specificity kinase that controls the transcription of cellular genes by phosphorylating transcription factors, histones, chromatin regulators as well as RNA polymerase II. The results of a combination of genetic and chemical approaches using HBV-infected hepatocytes, indicated that DYRK1A positively regulates the production of HBV RNAs. In addition, we found that DYRK1A associates with cccDNA, and stimulates the production of HBV nascent RNAs. Finally, reporter gene assays showed that DYRK1A up-regulates the activity of the HBV enhancer 1/X promoter in a sequence-dependent manner. Altogether, these results indicate that DYRK1A is a proviral factor that may participate in the HBV life cycle by stimulating the production of HBx, a viral factor absolutely required to trigger the complete cccDNA transcriptional program.
Simultaneous confidence interval construction for many-to-one of proportion ratios of bilateral correlated data
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqi , Ma Chang-Xing
Published: October 2024

In ophthalmology and otolaryngology, data collected from paired body parts are typically reformatted into categorical bilateral data structures for subsequent research. This article applies Donner’s equal correlation coefficient model and obtains nine simultaneous confidence intervals (SCI) of proportion ratios under three asymptotic statistical methods and three ways of multiplicity adjustment. The empirical coverage probability and mean interval width are evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations. A real example is used to demonstrate the proposed methods.
Fast & furious: Rejecting the hypothesis that secondary psychopathy improves reaction time-based concealed information detection
Authors: Mizrahi Imbar , klein Selle Nathalie
Published: October 2024

Deception, a complex aspect of human behavior, is inherently difficult to detect directly. A valid alternative involves memory detection, particularly through methods such as the Reaction-Time based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT). The RT-CIT assesses whether an individual possesses specific knowledge by presenting various probe (familiar) items amidst irrelevant (unfamiliar) items. The task-required "unfamiliar" response to probes may induce a response conflict. Resolving this conflict, by inhibiting the automatic "familiar" response, takes time and slows probe RTs–a phenomenon known as the RT-CIT effect. Notably, secondary psychopathy is characterized by disinhibition and impulsivity, traits which may hinder the ability to effectively manage experienced conflict. Therefore, we hypothesized that secondary psychopathy would be associated with an elevated RT-CIT effect. To investigate this hypothesized relation, we conducted a pre-registered study (n = 86, student sample), employing a novel CIT paradigm that incorporates no-go trials to assess response inhibition capacity. Psychopathic traits were measured using the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy (LSRP) scale, while the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) assessed impulsivity. The novel CIT paradigm revealed impressive detection efficiency. However, contrary to our expectations, we observed no significant correlation between the RT-CIT effect and secondary psychopathic traits (BF01 = 6.98). This cautiously suggests that while secondary psychopathic tendencies do not improve RT-CIT validity, they also do not compromise it. Although future investigations should explore more diverse contexts and populations, this tentative finding is reassuring and underscores the robustness of the CIT paradigm.
Modelling for the electrical conductivity of graphite-modified asphalt concrete based on micromechanics
Authors: Yang Yi , Wu Canlong
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a novel micromechanics theory to model the electrical conductivity of graphite-modified asphalt concrete. The constraint range of electrical conductivity was derived according to the Hashin–Shtrikman (H–S) method. Based on the self-consistent (SC) method and percolation theory, A modified self-consistent (MSC) method was used to develop an electrical conductivity model based on the SC method and percolation theory. The results predicted by the MSC model were compared with the test data by adjusting the aspect ratio and percolation exponent. We highlight this new theory and its application to graphite-modified asphalt concrete, and demonstrate that the predicted values are in close agreement with the test data.
Dissolution: The only Solution to Nigeria's Problems.
Authors: Ugwu Abel Friday
Published: October 2024

Nigeria, a nation rich in diversity and resources, grapples with multifaceted challenges stemming from ethnic tensions, economic disparities, and governance inefficiencies. Amidst these persistent issues, the concept of "total dissolution" emerges as a radical yet potentially viable solution. This article explores the implications of total dissolution as a mechanism for addressing Nigeria's systemic problems, drawing on contemporary analyses.
Construcción de comunidad en barrios de inmigración diversificada: San Matías en la conurbación capitalina de Tenerife
Authors: Zapata Hernández Vicente Manuel , Mesa Marrero Alexis
Published: October 2024

San Matías es un barrio fundado hace tres generaciones, evolucionando de un territorio periférico y despoblado a una comunidad diversa, aunque cohesionada. Este proceso, impulsado por la migración intra e interinsular, así como por la temprana reacción colectiva ante la falta de infraestructuras y servicios, se ha asentado en la organización vecinal, la solidaridad y un fuerte relevo generacional. Las entidades sociales desempeñaron un papel clave en el fortalecimiento de las relaciones, promoviendo la integración de la nueva vecindad derivada de las migraciones internacionales sin comprometer la convivencia. Apoyo mutuo y cuidados han sido fundamentales para enfrentar los conflictos y retos de la localidad, permitiendo superar su estigmatización y preservar su incipiente identidad socioterritorial. La interacción entre ciencia y ciudadanía, a partir de la aplicación de modelos de ciencia ciudadana, ha contribuido a generar conciencia sobre el propio barrio y a mejorar la vida comunitaria, estrechando los vínculos entre sus habitantes y reforzando su resiliencia frente a los desafíos externos.
La traduction automatique comme ressource pour la traduction humaniste-littéraire : un instrument ‘artificiel’ peut-il transférer un texte essentiellement ‘humain’ et ‘social’ ?
Authors: Rivas Carmona María del Mar
Published: October 2024

The usefulness of machine translators (MTs) is virtually indisputable. Although, until recently, they could be considered almost the ‘enemy’ of translators, the rise of technology in our profession has changed from a threat to an opportunity to broaden skills and take on new roles (Moorkens, 2018). MT has evolved since its inception and, in particular, Statistical MT (SMT) and Neural Network-based MT (NMT) systems have become very popular. One question that deserves particular attention is whether these automatic resources are just as effective for a humanistic-literary translation as they are for a specialised translation in the scientific-technical field. In this article, we have compared the degree of appropriateness of a corpus of EN>ES translations produced by around one hundred 4th year degree Translation and Interpreting students at the University of Córdoba. The analysis shows, as could be predicted, that, although it is always necessary to revise the automatic target text, in the case of humanistic-literary texts it is essential to use MT only as a basis for a ‘human’ translation. Furthermore, and very pertinently, the students’ translation results were better when the texts were related to their own lives or had social repercussions with which they could sympathise.
L’émergence d’un nouveau modèle de traduction – théorie et pratique de la traduction multimodale sur l’exemple de la traduction en français de l’album Kłopot d’Iwona Chmielewska
Authors: Kochanowska Anna
Published: October 2024

Translation activity is traditionally perceived as monomodal, focused on the written or spoken word. However, the evolution of contemporary societies, increasingly visual, often pushes the translator to work on a multimodal product, where language is only one of the modes of communication, hence the emergence of models of multimodal translation. The present contribution studies the literary multimodal translation model based on the album Kłopot by Iwona Chmielewska, world-renowned author and illustrator. The contribution hopes to demonstrate the challenges and opportunities of the multimodal translation workshop, seen as a growing professional activity in today’s multimodal societies.
Traduction et paratraduction en tant que stratégies de résistance à la réification à l’ère de l’Intelligence Artificielle (IA)
Authors: Schurster Karl , Ferreiro-Vázquez Óscar
Published: October 2024

Philosopher Byung-Chul Han argues that we are living in a transition from the “era of things to the era of non-things”. According to his perspective, things do not determine the world we live in: information does. Consequently, the profession of translation has become increasingly mechanized to meet the high demand for “information”, turning readers into compulsive consumers of words. Thus, there is a significant risk of confusing the symbolic representation of words with essential reality, neglecting the importance of context and paratext in the construction of meaning. This phenomenon can lead to a loss of meaning in the act of translation, diminishing its role as a bridge between cultures and languages. Borrowing from the axiom of Portuguese intellectual Rui Pereira in a society of “non-thought”, it is crucial to reflect on how “translating in times of non-translation” operates. In this regard, the objective of this essay is to analyze how paratranslation, from the Vigo School, can be understood as a space of resistance against a process of reification of the other’s existence in the act of translating. In the “AI era”, where translation has become an increasingly mechanized act, the examination of the paratexts surrounding this process serves as a way to return to the fundamental condition of translation: the human condition.
Analysis of a vector-borne disease model with vector-bias mechanism in advective heterogeneous environment
Authors: Liu Jiaxing , Wang Jinliang
Published: October 2024

This study proposed and analyzed a vector-borne reaction–diffusion–advection model with vector-bias mechanism and heterogeneous parameters in one-dimensional habitat. The basic reproduction number

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in connection with principal eigenvalue of elliptic eigenvalue problem is characterized as the role of determining the threshold dynamics of the system. The main objective of this study is to investigate the asymptotic profiles and monotonicity of

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with respect to diffusion rates and advection rates under certain conditions. Through exploring the level set of

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, we also find that there exists a unique surface separating the dynamics. Our results also reveal that the infected hosts and vectors will aggregate at the downstream end if the ratio of advection rates and diffusion rates is sufficiently large.
AI for chemistry teaching: responsible AI and ethical considerations
Authors: Blonder Ron , Feldman-Maggor Yael
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses the ethical considerations surrounding generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in chemistry education, aiming to guide teachers toward responsible AI integration. GenAI, driven by advanced AI models like Large Language Models, has shown substantial potential in generating educational content. However, this technology’s rapid rise has brought forth ethical concerns regarding general and educational use that require careful attention from educators. The UNESCO framework on GenAI in education provides a comprehensive guide to controversies around generative AI and ethical educational considerations, emphasizing human agency, inclusion, equity, and cultural diversity. Ethical issues include digital poverty, lack of national regulatory adaptation, use of content without consent, unexplainable models used to generate outputs, AI-generated content polluting the internet, lack of understanding of the real world, reducing diversity of opinions, and further marginalizing already marginalized voices and generating deep fakes. The paper delves into these eight controversies, presenting relevant examples from chemistry education to stress the need to evaluate AI-generated content critically. The paper emphasizes the importance of relating these considerations to chemistry teachers’ content and pedagogical knowledge and argues that responsible AI usage in education must integrate these insights to prevent the propagation of biases and inaccuracies. The conclusion stresses the necessity for comprehensive teacher training to effectively and ethically employ GenAI in educational practices.