bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Refugee Crisis and the Return of the East-West Divide in Europe
Authors: Krastev Ivan
Published: July 2017

Of the many crises that Europe faces today, it is the migration crisis that most profoundly defines the changing nature of European politics. It is also a turning point in central and east European societies’ attitudes to the European Union, and it signals the return of the east-west divide in Europe. The article argues that what Brussels describes as a lack of solidarity is actually a clash of solidarities: national, ethnic, and religious solidarity chafing against our moral and legal obligations with respect to the refugees. The east-west divide over migration has its roots in history, demography and the twists of post-communist transition, while at the same time representing an east European version of popular revolt against globalization. The attitude divide between Europe's west and east on issues of diversity and migration strongly resembles the divide between the big cosmopolitan capital cities and the countryside within western societies themselves.
The Unbearable Whiteness of the Polish Plumber and the Hungarian Peacock Dance around “Race”
Authors: Böröcz József , Sarkar Mahua
Published: July 2017

This contribution interprets the east-central European post-liberal governments’ recent anti-immigrant, anti-refugee and anti-human-rights hysteria in the context of the increasing dependence of the region's societies for livelihood on employment in the western EU, the widespread racialization of east European labor in the western EU, and the refusal of east European political elites and societies at large to consider possible “Left” critiques of the EU. Given those circumstances, and laboring under related anxieties, post-state-socialist political elites and societies have assumed a fundamentalist-racialist posture. They redirect their repressed anger toward incoming refugees, claim an ahistorical, essential kind of Whiteness and contribute to rigidifying European discussions of “race.”
Beyond East and West: Solidarity Politics and the Absent/Present State in the Balkans
Authors: Greenberg Jessica , Spasić Ivana
Published: July 2017

In this piece, we develop a more complex picture of the East-West divisions that have characterized much analysis of the region since the crisis began. By examining how differently positioned actors have responded, the migration flows become a heuristic for other important but less visible processes in post-socialist state formation and Euro-integration. We use the complexity of Serbia's reception as an empirical ground to create a new analytic framework that moves beyond over-simplified dichotomies. Doing this allows us to bring seemingly unrelated kinds of political action into the same frame to reveal an emerging trend in citizen and noncitizen political engagement.
Revolution, Production, Representation: Iurii Rozhkov's Photomontages to Maiakovskii's Poem “To the Workers of Kursk”
Authors: Bošković Aleksandar
Published: July 2017

In 1924, the self-taught artist Iurii Nikolaevich Rozhkov created a series of photomontages inspired by Vladimir Maiakovskii's poem “To the Workers of Kursk” and the geological discovery of the Kursk Magnetic Anamoly (KMA). Rozhkov's series for Maiakovskii's ode to labor is both an example of the political propaganda of the reconstruction period of the NEP era and a polemical answer to all those who relentlessly attacked Maiakovskii and criticized avant-garde art as alien to the masses. The article introduces Rozhkov's less-known photomontage series as a new model of the avant-garde photopoetry book, which offers a sequential reading of Maiakovskii's poem and functions as a cinematic dispositive of the early Soviet agitprop apparatus (dispositif). Bošković argues that the photopoem itself converts into an idiosyncratic avant-garde de-mountable memorial to the working class: a dynamic cine-dispositive through which the the early agitprop apparatus is realized in lived experience, reproduced, and transformed, thus delineating its shift towards the newdispositifof the late 1920s—socialist realism.
Healthy Soils for Healthy Societies
Authors: Berhe Asmeret , Amundson Ronald , Sztein A.
Published: July 2017

Soil: The Foundation of Life; Washington, D. C., 5 December 2016
NKG2C+ memory‐like NK cells contribute to the control of HIV viremia during primary infection: Optiprim‐ANRS 147
Authors: Gondois‐Rey Françoise , Chéret Antoine , Granjeaud Samuel , Mallet Françoise , Bidaut Ghislain , Lécuroux Camille , Ploquin Mickaël , Müller‐Trutwin Michaela , Rouzioux Christine , Avettand‐Fenoël Véronique , Moretta Alessandro , Pialoux Gilles , Goujard Cécile , Meyer Laurence , Olive Daniel
Published: July 2017

Natural‐killer (NK) cells are important immune effectors during a viral infection. Latent CMV infection is widely spread and was demonstrated to shape the NK cell repertoire through the NKG2C receptor. An expansion of NKG2C+ NK cells has been reported during primary HIV infection (PHI), but their role is not known. We previously found a correlation between the maturation state of the NK cell compartment and a lower viral load by studying patients from the ANRS 147 Optiprim trial. We investigated here extensively the NKG2C+ NK cells at the time of PHI and its evolution after 3 months of early antiretroviral therapy (combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)). Multiparametric cytometry combined with bioinformatics was used to determine subsets. NKbright NKG2C+ progenitor, NKdim NKG2C+ effector and NKdim NKG2C+CD57+ memory‐like populations were identified. Two groups of patients were unraveled according to the distribution of the NKG2C+ subsets skewed toward either progenitor/effector or memory‐like phenotype. Patients with high NKG2C+CD57+ NK cell frequencies showed lower HIV‐RNA, lower immune activation, higher pDC counts and reached more rapidly undetectable levels of HIV‐RNA at M1 under cART. NKG2C+CD57+ NK cell frequency was the only factor strongly correlated to low viral load among other clinical features. While the patients were cytomegalovirus (CMV) infected, there was no sign of reactivation of CMV during PHI suggesting that memory‐like NK cells were already present at the time of HIV infection and constituted a preexisting immune response able to contribute to natural control of HIV. This parameter appears to be a good candidate in the search of predictive markers to monitor HIV remission.
On-chip inter-modal Brillouin scattering
Authors: Kittlaus Eric A. , Otterstrom Nils T. , Rakich Peter T.
Published: July 2017

Brillouin nonlinearities—which result from coupling between photons and acoustic phonons—are exceedingly weak in conventional nanophotonic silicon waveguides. Only recently have Brillouin interactions been transformed into the strongest and most tailorable nonlinear interactions in silicon using a new class of optomechanical waveguides that control both light and sound. In this paper, we use a multi-mode optomechanical waveguide to create stimulated Brillouin scattering between light-fields guided in distinct spatial modes of an integrated waveguide for the first time. This interaction, termed stimulated inter-modal Brillouin scattering, decouples Stokes and anti-Stokes processes to enable single-sideband amplification and dynamics that permit near-unity power conversion. Using integrated mode multiplexers to address separate optical modes, we show that circulators and narrowband filters are not necessary to separate pump and signal waves. We also demonstrate net optical amplification and Brillouin energy transfer as the basis for flexible on-chip light sources, amplifiers, nonreciprocal devices and signal-processing technologies.
Western tropical Pacific multidecadal variability forced by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation
Authors: Sun Cheng , Kucharski Fred , Li Jianping , Jin Fei-Fei , Kang In-Sik , Ding Ruiqiang
Published: July 2017

Observational analysis suggests that the western tropical Pacific (WTP) sea surface temperature (SST) shows predominant variability over multidecadal time scales, which is unlikely to be explained by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. Here we show that this variability is largely explained by the remote Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). A suite of Atlantic Pacemaker experiments successfully reproduces the WTP multidecadal variability and the AMO–WTP SST connection. The AMO warm SST anomaly generates an atmospheric teleconnection to the North Pacific, which weakens the Aleutian low and subtropical North Pacific westerlies. The wind changes induce a subtropical North Pacific SST warming through wind–evaporation–SST effect, and in response to this warming, the surface winds converge towards the subtropical North Pacific from the tropics, leading to anomalous cyclonic circulation and low pressure over the WTP region. The warm SST anomaly further develops due to the SST–sea level pressure–cloud–longwave radiation positive feedback. Our findings suggest that the Atlantic Ocean acts as a key pacemaker for the western Pacific decadal climate variability.
MiR-497∼195 cluster regulates angiogenesis during coupling with osteogenesis by maintaining endothelial Notch and HIF-1α activity
Authors: Yang Mi , Li Chang-Jun , Sun Xi , Guo Qi , Xiao Ye , Su Tian , Tu Man-Li , Peng Hui , Lu Qiong , Liu Qing , He Hong-Bo , Jiang Tie-Jian , Lei Min-Xiang , Wan Mei , Cao Xu , Luo Xiang-Hang
Published: July 2017

A specific bone vessel subtype, strongly positive for CD31 and endomucin (CD31hiEmcnhi), is identified as coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The abundance of type CD31hiEmcnhi vessels decrease during ageing. Here we show that expression of the miR-497∼195 cluster is high in CD31hiEmcnhi endothelium but gradually decreases during ageing. Mice with depletion of miR-497∼195 in endothelial cells show fewer CD31hiEmcnhi vessels and lower bone mass. Conversely, transgenic overexpression of miR-497∼195 in murine endothelium alleviates age-related reduction of type CD31hiEmcnhi vessels and bone loss. miR-497∼195 cluster maintains the endothelial Notch activity and HIF-1α stability via targeting F-box and WD-40 domain protein (Fbxw7) and Prolyl 4-hydroxylase possessing a transmembrane domain (P4HTM) respectively. Notably, endothelialium-specific activation of miR-195 by intravenous injection of aptamer-agomiR-195 stimulates CD31hiEmcnhi vessel and bone formation in aged mice. Together, our study indicates that miR-497∼195 regulates angiogenesis coupled with osteogenesis and may represent a potential therapeutic target for age-related osteoporosis.
Meniscus-assisted solution printing of large-grained perovskite films for high-efficiency solar cells
Authors: He Ming , Li Bo , Cui Xun , Jiang Beibei , He Yanjie , Chen Yihuang , O’Neil Daniel , Szymanski Paul , EI-Sayed Mostafa A. , Huang Jinsong , Lin Zhiqun
Published: July 2017

Control over morphology and crystallinity of metal halide perovskite films is of key importance to enable high-performance optoelectronics. However, this remains particularly challenging for solution-printed devices due to the complex crystallization kinetics of semiconductor materials within dynamic flow of inks. Here we report a simple yet effective meniscus-assisted solution printing (MASP) strategy to yield large-grained dense perovskite film with good crystallization and preferred orientation. Intriguingly, the outward convective flow triggered by fast solvent evaporation at the edge of the meniscus ink imparts the transport of perovskite solutes, thus facilitating the growth of micrometre-scale perovskite grains. The growth kinetics of perovskite crystals is scrutinized by in situ optical microscopy tracking to understand the crystallization mechanism. The perovskite films produced by MASP exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties with efficiencies approaching 20% in planar perovskite solar cells. This robust MASP strategy may in principle be easily extended to craft other solution-printed perovskite-based optoelectronics.
Understanding extreme sea levels for broad-scale coastal impact and adaptation analysis
Authors: Wahl T. , Haigh I. D. , Nicholls R. J. , Arns A. , Dangendorf S. , Hinkel J. , Slangen A. B. A.
Published: July 2017

One of the main consequences of mean sea level rise (SLR) on human settlements is an increase in flood risk due to an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme sea levels (ESL). While substantial research efforts are directed towards quantifying projections and uncertainties of future global and regional SLR, corresponding uncertainties in contemporary ESL have not been assessed and projections are limited. Here we quantify, for the first time at global scale, the uncertainties in present-day ESL estimates, which have by default been ignored in broad-scale sea-level rise impact assessments to date. ESL uncertainties exceed those from global SLR projections and, assuming that we meet the Paris agreement goals, the projected SLR itself by the end of the century in many regions. Both uncertainties in SLR projections and ESL estimates need to be understood and combined to fully assess potential impacts and adaptation needs.
An extremely high dietary iodide supply forestalls severe hypothyroidism in Na+/I− symporter (NIS) knockout mice
Authors: Ferrandino Giuseppe , Kaspari Rachel R. , Reyna-Neyra Andrea , Boutagy Nabil E. , Sinusas Albert J. , Carrasco Nancy
Published: July 2017

The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mediates active iodide (I−) accumulation in the thyroid, the first step in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. Mutations in the SLC5A5 gene encoding NIS that result in a non-functional protein lead to congenital hypothyroidism due to I− transport defect (ITD). ITD is a rare autosomal disorder that, if not treated promptly in infancy, can cause mental retardation, as the TH decrease results in improper development of the nervous system. However, in some patients, hypothyroidism has been ameliorated by unusually large amounts of dietary I−. Here we report the first NIS knockout (KO) mouse model, obtained by targeting exons 6 and 7 of the Slc5a5 gene. In NIS KO mice, in the thyroid, stomach, and salivary gland, NIS is absent, and hence there is no active accumulation of the NIS substrate pertechnetate (99mTcO4−). NIS KO mice showed undetectable serum T4 and very low serum T3 levels when fed a diet supplying the minimum I− requirement for rodents. These hypothyroid mice displayed oxidative stress in the thyroid, but not in the brown adipose tissue or liver. Feeding the mice a high-I− diet partially rescued TH biosynthesis, demonstrating that, at high I− concentrations, I− enters the thyroid through routes other than NIS.
Novel function of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A: promotes endometrium receptivity by up-regulating N-fucosylation
Authors: Yu Ming , Wang Jiao , Liu Shuai , Wang Xiaoqi , Yan Qiu
Published: July 2017

Glycosylation of uterine endometrial cells plays important roles to determine their receptive function to blastocysts. Trophoblast-derived pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) is specifically elevated in pregnant women serum, and is known to promote trophoblast cell proliferation and adhesion. However, the relationship between PAPPA and endometrium receptivity, as well as the regulation of N-fucosylation remains unclear. We found that rhPAPPA and PAPPA in the serum samples from pregnant women or conditioned medium of trophoblast cells promoted endometrium receptivity in vitro. Moreover, rhPAPPA increased α1,2-, α1,3- and α1,6-fucosylation levels by up-regulating N-fucosyltransferases FUT1, FUT4 and FUT8 expression, respectively, through IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in human endometrial cells. Additionally, α1,2-, α1,3- and α1,6-fucosylation of integrin αVβ3, a critical endometrium receptivity biomarker, was up-regulated by PAPPA, thereby enhanced its adhesive functions. Furthermore, PAPPA blockage with antibody inhibited embryo implantation in vivo, mouse embryo adhesion and spreading in vitro, as well as N-fucosylation level of the endometrium in pregnant mice. In summary, this study suggests that PAPPA is essential to maintain a receptive endometrium by up-regulating N-fucosylation, which is a potential useful biomarker to evaluate the receptive functions of the endometrium.
Genetic analyses reveal independent domestication origins of the emerging oil crop Paeonia ostii, a tree peony with a long-term cultivation history
Authors: Peng Li-Ping , Cai Chang-Fu , Zhong Yuan , Xu Xing-Xing , Xian Hong-Li , Cheng Fang-Yun , Mao Jian-Feng
Published: July 2017

Paeonia ostii, a member of tree peony, is an emerging oil crop with important medical and oil uses and widely cultivated in China. Dissolving the genetic diversity and domestication history of this species is important for further genetic improvements and deployments. We firstly selected 29 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) via transcriptome mining, segregation analyses and polymorphism characterizations; then, 901 individuals from the range-wide samples were genotyped using well-characterized SSR markers. We observed moderate genetic diversity among individuals, and Shaanxi Province was identified as the center of genetic diversity for our cultivated plants. Five well-separated gene pools were detected by STRUCTURE analyses, and the results suggested that multiple independent domestication origins occurred in Shaanxi Province and Tongling City (Anhui Province). Taken together, the genetic evidence and the historical records suggest multiple long-distance introductions after the plant was domesticated in Shandong, Henan and Hunan provinces. The present study provides the first genetic evaluation of the domestication history ofP. ostii, and our results provide an important reference for further genetic improvements and deployments of this important crop.
Combined Impact of Known Lifestyle Factors on Total and Cause-Specific Mortality among Chinese Men: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Qing-Li , Zhao Long-Gang , Zhang Wei , Li Hong-Lan , Gao Jing , Han Li-Hua , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao-Ou , Xiang Yong-Bing
Published: July 2017

Impact of combined lifestyles on risk of mortality needs to be explored quantitatively. We aimed to evaluate the associations of combined lifestyle factors with total and cause-specific mortality in Chinese men. We used data from the Shanghai Men’s Health Study (2002–2013), an on-going population-based prospective cohort study of men (aged 40 to 74 years). Four traditional unfavorable lifestyle factors were included: smoking, heavy alcohol use, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among about 61,480 men in the cohort, a total of 4,952 men died, of which 1,637 men died from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 2,122 from cancer during a median of 9.29 years’ follow-up. The HRs of men with four risk practices comparing to those with zero were 2.92 (95%CI: 2.53, 3.38) for all-cause mortality, 3.15 (95%CI: 2.44, 4.05) for CVD mortality, and 3.18 (95%CI: 2.55, 3.97) for cancer mortality. The population attributable risks (PARs) were 0.41, 0.40 and 0.38 for total, CVD and cancer mortality, accordingly. As combined unhealthy lifestyle behaviors had substantial impact on total and cause-specific mortality, promotion of healthy lifestyle should be a public health priority.
Offspring sex and parental health and mortality
Authors: Næss Øyvind , Mortensen Laust H. , Vikanes Åse , Smith George Davey
Published: July 2017

Increased mortality has been observed in mothers and fathers with male offspring but little is known regarding specific diseases. In a register linkage we linked women born 1925–1954 having survived to age 50 (n = 661,031) to offspring and fathers (n = 691,124). Three approaches were used: 1) number of total boy and girl offspring, 2) sex of the first and second offspring and 3) proportion of boys to total number of offspring. A sub-cohort (n = 50,736 mothers, n = 44,794 fathers) from survey data was analysed for risk factors. Mothers had increased risk of total and cardiovascular mortality that was consistent across approaches: cardiovascular mortality of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03–1.11) per boy (approach 2), 1.04 (1.01–1.07) if the first offspring was a boy, and 1.06 (1.01–1.10) if the first two offspring were boys (approach 3). We found that sex of offspring was not associated with total or cardiovascular mortality in fathers. For other diseases or risk factors no robust associations were seen in mothers or fathers. Increased cardiovascular risk in mothers having male offspring suggests a maternal disease specific mechanism. The lack of consistent associations on measured risk factors could suggest other biological pathways than those studied play a role in generating this additional cardiovascular risk.
Semiconductor-based Multilayer Selective Solar Absorber for Unconcentrated Solar Thermal Energy Conversion
Authors: Thomas Nathan H. , Chen Zhen , Fan Shanhui , Minnich Austin J.
Published: July 2017

Solar thermal energy conversion has attracted substantial renewed interest due to its applications in industrial heating, air conditioning, and electricity generation. Achieving stagnation temperatures exceeding 200 °C, pertinent to these technologies, with unconcentrated sunlight requires spectrally selective absorbers with exceptionally low emissivity in the thermal wavelength range and high visible absorptivity for the solar spectrum. In this Communication, we report a semiconductor-based multilayer selective absorber that exploits the sharp drop in optical absorption at the bandgap energy to achieve a measured absorptance of 76% at solar wavelengths and a low emittance of approximately 5% at thermal wavelengths. In field tests, we obtain a peak temperature of 225 °C, comparable to that achieved with state-of-the-art selective surfaces. With straightforward optimization to improve solar absorption, our work shows the potential for unconcentrated solar thermal systems to reach stagnation temperatures exceeding 300 °C, thereby eliminating the need for solar concentrators for mid-temperature solar applications such as supplying process heat.
Mitsugumin 29 regulates t-tubule architecture in the failing heart
Authors: Correll Robert N. , Lynch Jeffrey M. , Schips Tobias G. , Prasad Vikram , York Allen J. , Sargent Michelle A. , Brochet Didier X. P. , Ma Jianjie , Molkentin Jeffery D.
Published: July 2017

Transverse tubules (t-tubules) are uniquely-adapted membrane invaginations in cardiac myocytes that facilitate the synchronous release of Ca2+ from internal stores and subsequent myofilament contraction, although these structures become disorganized and rarefied in heart failure. We previously observed that mitsugumin 29 (Mg29), an important t-tubule organizing protein in skeletal muscle, was induced in the mouse heart for the first time during dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure. Here we generated cardiac-specific transgenic mice expressing Mg29 to model this observed induction in the failing heart. Interestingly, expression of Mg29 in the hearts of Csrp3 null mice (encoding muscle LIM protein, MLP) partially restored t-tubule structure and preserved cardiac function as measured by invasive hemodynamics, without altering Ca2+ spark frequency. Conversely, gene-deleted mice lacking both Mg29 and MLP protein showed a further reduction in t-tubule organization and accelerated heart failure. Thus, induction of Mg29 in the failing heart is a compensatory response that directly counteracts the well-characterized loss of t-tubule complexity and reduced expression of anchoring proteins such as junctophilin-2 (Jph2) that normally occur in this disease. Moreover, preservation of t-tubule structure by Mg29 induction significantly increases the function of the failing heart.
Radiation-induced changes in the glycome of endothelial cells with functional consequences
Authors: Jaillet Cyprien , Morelle Willy , Slomianny Marie-Christine , Paget Vincent , Tarlet Georges , Buard Valérie , Selbonne Sonia , Caffin Fanny , Rannou Emilie , Martinez Pierre , François Agnès , Foulquier François , Allain Fabrice , Milliat Fabien , Guipaud Olivier
Published: July 2017

As it is altered by ionizing radiation, the vascular network is considered as a prime target in limiting normal tissue damage and improving tumor control in radiation therapy. Irradiation activates endothelial cells which then participate in the recruitment of circulating cells, especially by overexpressing cell adhesion molecules, but also by other as yet unknown mechanisms. Since protein glycosylation is an important determinant of cell adhesion, we hypothesized that radiation could alter the glycosylation pattern of endothelial cells and thereby impact adhesion of circulating cells. Herein, we show that ionizing radiation increases high mannose-type N-glycans and decreases glycosaminoglycans. These changes stimulate interactions measured under flow conditions between irradiated endothelial cells and monocytes. Targeted transcriptomic approaches in vitro in endothelial cells and in vivo in a radiation enteropathy mouse model confirm that genes involved in N- and O-glycosylation are modulated by radiation, and in silico analyses give insight into the mechanism by which radiation modifies glycosylation. The endothelium glycome may therefore be considered as a key therapeutic target for modulating the chronic inflammatory response observed in healthy tissues or for participating in tumor control by radiation therapy.
Completeness of Community Structure in Networks
Authors: Xie Jia-Rong , Zhang Pan , Zhang Hai-Feng , Wang Bing-Hong
Published: July 2017

By defining a new measure to community structure, exclusive modularity, and based on cavity method of statistical physics, we develop a mathematically principled method to determine the completeness of community structure, which represents whether a partition that is either annotated by experts or given by a community-detection algorithm, carries complete information about community structure in the network. Our results demonstrate that the expert partition is surprisingly incomplete in some networks such as the famous political blogs network, indicating that the relation between meta-data and community structure in real-world networks needs to be re-examined. As a byproduct we find that the exclusive modularity, which introduces a null model based on the degree-corrected stochastic block model, is of independent interest. We discuss its applications as principled ways of detecting hidden structures, finding hierarchical structures without removing edges, and obtaining low-dimensional embedding of networks.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1–positive nigrostriatal dopaminergic fibers exhibit distinct projection pattern and dopamine release dynamics at mouse dorsal striatum
Authors: Sgobio Carmelo , Wu Junbing , Zheng Wang , Chen Xi , Pan Jing , Salinas Armando G. , Davis Margaret I. , Lovinger David M. , Cai Huaibin
Published: July 2017

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1)–positive dopaminergic (DA) neurons at the ventral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) preferentially degenerate in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Their projection pattern and dopamine release properties, however, remains uncharacterized. Here we show that ALDH1A1–positive axons project predominantly to the rostral two–thirds of dorsal striatum. A portion of these axons converge on a small fraction of striosome compartments restricted to the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), where less dopamine release was measured compared to the adjacent matrix enriched with the ALDH1A1–negative axons. Genetic ablation of Aldh1a1 substantially increases the dopamine release in striosomes, but not in matrix. Additionally, the presence of PD-related human α-synuclein A53T mutant or dopamine transporter (DAT) blockers also differentially affects the dopamine output in striosomes and matrix. Together, these results demonstrate distinct dopamine release characteristics of ALDH1A1–positive DA fibers, supporting a regional specific function of ALDH1A1 in regulating dopamine availability/release in striatum.
Testosterone promotes either dominance or submissiveness in the Ultimatum Game depending on players’ social rank
Authors: Inoue Yukako , Takahashi Taiki , Burriss Robert P. , Arai Sakura , Hasegawa Toshikazu , Yamagishi Toshio , Kiyonari Toko
Published: July 2017

Endogenous testosterone promotes behaviours intended to enhance social dominance. However, recent research suggests that testosterone enhances strategic social behaviour rather than dominance seeking behaviour. This possibility has not been tested in a population whose members are known to vary in social status. Here, we explored the relationship between pre-existing social status and salivary testosterone level among members of a rugby team at a Japanese university, where a strong seniority norm maintains hierarchical relationships. Participants played a series of one-shot Ultimatum Games (UG) both as proposer and responder. Opponents were anonymised but of known seniority. We analysed participants’ acquiescence (how much more they offered beyond the lowest offer they would accept). The results showed that, among the most senior participants, higher testosterone was associated with lower acquiescence. Conversely, higher testosterone among the lower-status participants was associated with higher acquiescence. Our results suggest that testosterone may enhance socially dominant behaviour among high-status persons, but strategic submission to seniority among lower-status persons.
Connexin 50 Functions as an Adhesive Molecule and Promotes Lens Cell Differentiation
Authors: Hu Zhengping , Shi Wen , Riquelme Manuel A. , Shi Qian , Biswas Sondip , Lo Woo-Kuen , White Thomas W. , Gu Sumin , Jiang Jean X.
Published: July 2017

Connexins play essential roles in lens homeostasis and development. Here, we identified a new role for Cx50 that mediates cell-cell adhesion function. Cx50 enhanced the adhesive capability of AQP0. Interestingly, the expression of Cx50 alone promoted cell adhesion at a comparable level to AQP0; however, this cell adhesive function was not observed with other lens connexins, Cx43 and Cx46. Moreover, the adhesive property occurred in both homotypic with Cx50 expressed in both pairing cells and heterotypic with Cx50 in only one pairing cell, and this function appears to be unrelated to its role in forming gap junction channels. Cx50 KO lenses exhibited increased intercellular spaces between lens fiber cells. The second extracellular loop domain (E2) is primarily responsible for this adhesive function. Treatment with a fusion protein containing E2 domain inhibited cell adhesion. Furthermore, disruption of cell adhesion by the E2 domains impaired primary lens cell differentiation. Five critical amino acid residues in the E2 domain primarily are involved in cell adhesive function as well as lens epithelial-fiber differentiation. Together, these results suggest that in addition to forming gap junction channels, Cx50 acts as an adhesive molecule that is critical in maintaining lens fiber integrity and epithelial-fiber differentiation.
Suppressed autophagic response underlies augmentation of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by type 2 diabetes
Authors: Muratsubaki Shingo , Kuno Atsushi , Tanno Masaya , Miki Takayuki , Yano Toshiyuki , Sugawara Hirohito , Shibata Satoru , Abe Koki , Ishikawa Satoko , Ohno Kouhei , Kimura Yukishige , Tatekoshi Yuki , Nakata Kei , Ohwada Wataru , Mizuno Masashi , Miura Tetsuji
Published: July 2017

Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we hypothesized that suppression of autophagic response underlies aggravation of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In OLETF, a rat model of T2DM, and its non-diabetic control, LETO, AKI was induced by unilateral nephrectomy and 30-min occlusion and 24-h reperfusion of the renal artery in the contralateral kidney. Levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and tubular injury score after I/R were significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO. Administration of chloroquine, a widely used autophagy inhibitor, aggravated I/R-induced renal injury in LETO, but not in OLETF. In contrast to LETO, OLETF exhibited no increase in autophagosomes in the proximal tubules after I/R. Immunoblotting showed that I/R activated the AMPK/ULK1 pathway in LETO but not in OLETF, and mTORC1 activation after I/R was enhanced in OLETF. Treatment of OLETF with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, partially restored autophagic activation in response to I/R and significantly attenuated I/R-induced renal injury. Collectively, these findings indicate that suppressed autophagic activation in proximal tubules by impaired AMPK/ULK1 signaling and upregulated mTORC1 activation underlies T2DM-induced worsening of renal I/R injury.
Joint Covariate Detection on Expression Profiles for Identifying MicroRNAs Related to Venous Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Wang Lei , Chen Guangsheng
Published: July 2017

Expression profiles of cancer are generally composed of three dimensions including gene probes, patients (e.g., metastasis or non-metastasis) and tissues (i.e., cancer or normal cells of a patient). In order to combine these three dimensions, we proposed a joint covariate detection that not only considered projections on gene probes and tissues simultaneously, but also concentrated on distinguishing patients into different groups. Due to highly lethal malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma, we chose data GSE6857 to testify the effectiveness of our method. A bootstrap and accumulation strategy was introduced in, which could select candidate microRNAs to distinguish metastasis from non-metastasis patient group. Two pairs of microRNAs were further selected. Each component of either significant microRNA pair was derived from different cliques. Targets were sought and pathway analysis were made, which might reveal the mechanism of venous metastasis in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
Assessment of occlusion with the T-Scan system in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery
Authors: Agbaje Jimoh Olubanwo , Casteele Elke Van de , Salem Ahmed S. , Anumendem Dickson , Shaheen Eman , Sun Yi , Politis Constantinus
Published: July 2017

Dental occlusion varies among individuals, and achieving correct physiological occlusion after osteotomy is essential for the complex functioning of the stomatognathic system. The T-Scan system records the centre of force, first contact, maximum bite force, and maximum intercuspation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness and consistency of T-Scan in assessing occlusion before and after orthognathic surgery. Occlusal information was evaluated for 30 healthy adults with normal occlusion and 40 patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. T-Scan had a high degree of reliability for consecutive measurements (Pearson correlation, r = 0.98). For most parameters, occlusal distribution was better after surgery than before surgery. More teeth contributed to occlusion at maximum intercuspation after surgery than before surgery (14 vs. 10). In addition, the difference in the posterior force distribution was reduced after surgery (17.6 ± 13.8 vs. 22.7 ± 21.4 before surgery), indicating better occlusal force distribution after surgery. The maximum percentage force on teeth (p = 0.004) and the number of teeth contributing to occlusion (p < 0.001) also differed significantly. Thus, T-Scan is good for assessing occlusal discrepancies and can be used to portray the pre- and post-operative occlusal contact distribution during treatment planning and follow-up.
Erratum: Data Intensive Genome Level Analysis for Identifying Novel, Non-Toxic Drug Targets for Multi Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kaur Divneet , Kutum Rintu , Dash Debasis , Brahmachari Samir K.
Published: July 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 46595; published online: 20 April 2017; updated: 07 July 2017 This Article contains a publication error in the legend of Table 2. “#Essentiality based on experimental results; ^Essentiality based on in silico analysis; *Metabolic Persister Genes; Proposed targetfor Metformin; ⌘Target for Bedaquiline; (a recent drug molecule)”.
Microfibrous silver-coated polymeric scaffolds with tunable mechanical properties
Authors: Kalakonda Parvathalu. , Aldhahri Musab A. , Abdel-wahab Mohamed Shaaban , Tamayol Ali , Moghaddam K. Mollazadeh , Ben Rached Fathia , Pain Arnab , Khademhosseini Ali , Memic Adnan , Chaieb Sahraoui
Published: July 2017

Electrospun scaffolds of poly(glycerol sebacate)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PGS/PCL) have been used for engineered tissues due to their desirable thermal and mechanical properties as well as their tunable degradability.
Solvent gradient electrospray for laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Hang , Vertes Akos
Published: July 2017

Changing spray solution polarity in a gradient electrospray improves molecular coverage in LAESI-MS analysis of biological samples.
Janus particles self-assembled from a small organic atypical asymmetric gemini surfactant
Authors: Tang Lei , Yang Jun , Yin Qinqin , Yang Linghui , Gong Deying , Qin Feng , Liu Junyang , Fan Qin , Li Jiahong , Zhao Wenling , Zhang Weiyi , Wang Jiyu , Zhu Tao , Zhang Wensheng , Liu Jin
Published: July 2017

Gourd-shaped Janus particles could be self-assembled by single kind of small organic molecules.
Single-step fabrication of multi-compartmentalized biphasic proteinosomes
Authors: Wang Lei , Wen Ping , Liu Xiaoman , Zhou Yuting , Li Mei , Huang Yudong , Geng Lin , Mann Stephen , Huang Xin
Published: July 2017

Multi-compartmentalized biphasic proteinosomes were self-assembled using a single-step double Pickering emulsion procedure, and exploited for enzyme-mediated interfacial catalysis, polysaccharide shell templating, and hydrogel functionalization.
Recent advances on supramolecular isomerism in metal organic frameworks
Authors: Karmakar Anirban , Paul Anup , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: July 2017

This review highlights selected examples of supramolecular isomerism in the area of metal organic frameworks and major factors of their formation are also discussed.
Hydrogen-bonded molecular capsules: probing the role of water molecules in capsule formation in modified cyclotricatechylene
Authors: Illa Giri Teja , Hazra Sohan , Satha Pardhasaradhi , Purohit Chandra Shekhar
Published: July 2017

Pyridine moiety-appended doubly bridged cyclotricatechylene (CTC(Py)2(OH)2) was synthesized and characterized. Solid state studies show that CTC(Py)2(OH)2 forms a capsular assembly in the presence of water but a polymeric assembly in its absence.
Elucidating the nature and role of copper species in catalytic carbonylation of methanol to methyl acetate over copper/titania–silica mixed oxides
Authors: Meng Xianjie , Guo Heqin , Wang Qiang , Xiao Yong , Chen Congbiao , Hou Bo , Li Debao
Published: July 2017

In this study, a series of copper/titania–silica mixed oxide (Cu/TS) catalysts with different copper contents were prepared by a sol–gel method.
Ethane and ethylene aromatization on zinc-containing zeolites
Authors: Mehdad Ali , Lobo Raul F.
Published: July 2017

The importance of balance between the number of Zn and Brønsted acid sites for aromatization of ethane and ethylene on Zn-ZSM-5 is discussed.
Nanoscale MOF/organosilica membranes on tubular ceramic substrates for highly selective gas separation
Authors: Kong Chunlong , Du Hongbing , Chen Liang , Chen Banglin
Published: July 2017

An efficient strategy has been developed for fabricating novel tubular MOF/organosilica nano-composite membranes with high gas separation performance.
Modeling human health characterization factors for indoor nanomaterial emissions in life cycle assessment: a case-study of titanium dioxide
Authors: Tsang Michael P. , Li Dingsheng , Garner Kendra L. , Keller Arturo A. , Suh Sangwon , Sonnemann Guido W.
Published: July 2017

A dynamic life cycle impact assessment model demonstrates a non-constant intake fraction of inhaled nano-TiO2 as total emissions changes.
Hydrodeoxygenation of cellulose pyrolysis model compounds using molybdenum oxide and low pressure hydrogen
Authors: Nolte Michael W. , Saraeian Alireza , Shanks Brent H.
Published: July 2017

Low pressure hydrodeoxygenation of cellulose pyrolysis model compounds over MoO3to form hydrocarbons.
Polarity of tetraalkylammonium-based ionic liquids and related low temperature molten salts
Authors: Thielemann Gabi , Spange Stefan
Published: July 2017

Solvatochromic measurements and 1H NMR spectroscopy have been used to investigate the overall polarity of tetraalkylammonium based ionic liquids and low temperature molten salts.
Metallo-supramolecular hydrogels based on amphiphilic polymers bearing a hydrophobic Schiff base ligand with rapid self-healing and multi-stimuli responsive properties
Authors: Tang Liuyan , Chen Xiuli , Wang Lei , Qu Jinqing
Published: July 2017

Metallo-supramolecular hydrogels with hydrophobic ligands were fabricated by a versatile strategy.
Bioassay-guided isolation of bisepoxylignans from the flower buds of Magnolia biondii Pamp and their antiallergic effects
Authors: Zhang Xing , Qian Fei , Tan Jun-Jie , Guo Fu-Jiang , Kulka Marianna , Xu Jin-Wen , Li Yi-Ming
Published: July 2017

Bioassay-guided isolation of bisepoxylignans from the flower buds of Magnolia biondii Pamp and their antiallergic effects.
Remarkable dielectric properties of 1 : 2 inter-molecular compound of 2-(4-(dimethylamino) benzylideneamino) benzoic acid and urea due to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer
Authors: Rai U. S. , Singh Manjeet , Rai R. N.
Published: July 2017

The phase diagram of DMABAB–U gives two eutectics E1 (107.0 °C) and E2 (138.0 °C) and a 1 : 2 inter-molecular compound (IMC) (219.0 °C), which has a high dielectric constant (ε = 0.9 × 103) and electrical conductivity in the order ∼5 × 10−6 S m−1.
A 1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe for selective and sensitive detection of peroxynitrite and its applications in living cell imaging
Authors: Li Xiulan , Hou Jingli , Peng Chao , Chen Li , Liu Wenbo , Liu Yangping
Published: July 2017

An “off–on” fluorescent probe for sensitive and selective detection of peroxynitrite was synthesized and showed good photostability and low cytotoxicity.
Porous carbon with large surface area derived from a metal–organic framework as a lithium-ion battery anode material
Authors: Peng Hai-Jun , Hao Gui-Xia , Chu Zhao-Hua , Lin Yin-Wan , Lin Xiao-Ming , Cai Yue-Peng
Published: July 2017

Porous carbon material was synthesized by calcination of a Cd-MOF template. When evaluated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the carbon electrode shows a high reversible discharge capacity.
High areal specific capacity of Ni3V2O8/carbon cloth hierarchical structures as flexible anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Chengshuang , Fan Shaoxun , Hu Mingxiang , Lu Jiamin , Li Jia , Huang Zheng-Hong , Kang Feiyu , Lv Ruitao
Published: July 2017

We report a two-step synthesis of Ni3V2O8@CC as a flexible electrode for sodium ion batteries with high loading density and areal specific capacity.
Facile synthesis of gold/gadolinium-doped carbon quantum dot nanocomposites for magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal ablation therapy
Authors: Gedda Gangaraju , Yao Yueh-Yun , Chen Si-Han , Ghule Anil V. , Ling Yong-Chien , Chang Jia-Yaw
Published: July 2017

Composites of gold nanomaterials and imaging agents show promise in cancer therapy.
Frutapin, a lectin from Artocarpus incisa (breadfruit): cloning, expression and molecular insights
Authors: de Sousa Felipe Domingos , da Silva Bruno Bezerra , Furtado Gilvan Pessoa , Carneiro Igor de Sa , Lobo Marina Duarte Pinto , Guan Yiwei , Guo Jingxu , Coker Alun R. , Lourenzoni Marcos Roberto , Guedes Maria Izabel Florindo , Owen James S. , Abraham David J. , Monteiro-Moreira Ana Cristina de Oliveira , Moreira Renato de Azevedo
Published: July 2017

Artocarpus incisa (breadfruit) seeds contain three different lectins (Frutalin, Frutapin (FTP) and Frutackin) with distinct carbohydrate specificities. The most abundant lectin is Frutalin, an α-D-galactose-specific carbohydrate-binding glycoprotein with antitumour properties and potential for tumour biomarker discovery as already reported. FTP is the second most abundant, but proved difficult to purify with very low yields and contamination with Frutalin frustrating its characterization. Here, we report for the first time high-level production and isolation of biologically active recombinant FTP in Escherichia coli BL21, optimizing conditions with the best set yielding >40 mg/l culture of soluble active FTP. The minimal concentration for agglutination of red blood cells was 62.5 µg/ml of FTP, a process effectively inhibited by mannose. Apo-FTP, FTP–mannose and FTP–glucose crystals were obtained, and they diffracted X-rays to a resolution of 1.58 (P212121), 1.70 (P3121) and 1.60 (P3121) Å respectively. The best solution showed four monomers per asymmetric unit. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation suggested that FTP displays higher affinity for mannose than glucose. Cell studies revealed that FTP was non-cytotoxic to cultured mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells below 0.5 mg/ml and was also capable of stimulating cell migration at 50 µg/ml. In conclusion, our optimized expression system allowed high amounts of correctly folded soluble FTP to be isolated. This recombinant bioactive lectin will now be tested in future studies for therapeutic potential; for example in wound healing and tissue regeneration.
Shielding measures of power transformer to mitigate stray loss and hot spot through coupled 3D FEA
Authors: Dasara Sujana , Mishra Vineet Prakash
Published: July 2017

Leakage flux generated in the power transformers cause stray losses in metallic parts of the transformer. Stray losses largely affect the transformer hot spot which leads to thermal failure. It is necessary to mitigate the impact of leakage flux on metallic parts by employing magnetic shunts and eddy current shields. Preeminently clamping structures like flitch plate and end frames experience substantial losses, hence combinations of shielding can be used for better loss reduction. In this study, a case study is performed on a 315 MVA, 420/27 kV single‐phase generator power transformer. This work is based on coupled three‐dimensional (3D) finite‐element analysis (FEA) of the transformer model. A new type of magnetic shunt is explored; also different design combinations of shielding are specified in this work for efficient mitigation of hot spots as well as tank walls.
Zeroth order regular approximation approach to electric dipole moment interactions of the electron
Authors: Gaul Konstantin , Berger Robert
Published: July 2017

A quasi-relativistic two-component approach for an efficient calculation of P,T-odd interactions caused by a permanent electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM) is presented. The approach uses a (two-component) complex generalized Hartree-Fock and a complex generalized Kohn-Sham scheme within the zeroth order regular approximation. In applications to select heavy-elemental polar diatomic molecular radicals, which are promising candidates for an eEDM experiment, the method is compared to relativistic four-component electron-correlation calculations and confirms values for the effective electric field acting on the unpaired electron for RaF, BaF, YbF, and HgF. The calculations show that purely relativistic effects, involving only the lower component of the Dirac bi-spinor, are well described by treating only the upper component explicitly.