bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic: Views of two Brazilian surgical societies
Authors: PARREIRA JOSÉ GUSTAVO , DE-GODOY LOUISIE GALANTINI LANA , DE-CAMPOS TERCIO , LUCARELLI-ANTUNES PEDRO DE SOUZA , DE-OLIVEIRA-E-SILVA LUIZ GUSTAVO , SANTOS HEITOR GAVIÃO , LUNA RENATO ABRANTES , PORTARI FILHO PEDRO EDER , ASSEF JOSE CESAR
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Acute appendicitis (AA) is a frequent cause of abdominal pain requiring surgical treatment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical societies considered other therapeutic options due to uncertainties in the evolution of the disease. The purpose of this study is to assess the treatment of AA by members of two Brazilian surgical societies in this period. A common questionnaire was sent in 2020. There were 382 responses. Most surgeons had more than 15 years of profession (68.3%) and treated more than five cases per month (44.8%). About 72.5% would indicate chest CT to investigate COVID-19 in patients with AA. For those patients sustaining uncomplicated AA, without COVID-19, 60.2% would indicate laparoscopic appendectomy (VLA), followed by open appendectomy (OA) (31.7%) and non-operative management (NOM) (1.3%). For those with mild COVID-19, OA was suggested by 51.0%, followed by VLA (29.6%) and NOM (6.0%). For those with severe COVID-19, OA was proposed by 35.3%, followed by NOM (19.9%) and VLA (18.6%). For patients with periappendiceal abscesses, without COVID-19, VLA was suggested by 54.2%, followed by OA (33.2%) and NOM (4.4%). For those with mild COVID-19, OA was proposed in 49.5%, followed by VLA (29.3%) and NOM (8.9%). In those with severe COVID-19, OA was proposed in 36.6%, followed by NOM (25.1%) and VLA (17.3%). This information, based on two recognized Brazilian surgical societies, can help the surgeon to select the best approach individually.
Labour Costs on the Vegetables: A Research on the location effect on salaries in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Liu Yancheng , Zhang Zhiping , Miao Minmin
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: In this study, the labour requirement and labour cost of common vegetable cultivation were investigated to help agricultural enterprises and family farms establishing reasonable “working hour” management systems in Jiangsu Province. The labour requirement of each step of three type of producers, agriculture enterprises, family farms, and private vegetable growers, in three regions in Jiangsu Province, named north, middle and south Jiangsu, was investigated by on-site observation or questionnaire survey during 2018 and 2019. The labour cost of each step and each vegetable was counted according to the labour requirement and the salary level. The results indicated that “residue cleaning”, “soil preparation and bedding”, “plant regulation”, “auxin treatment of tomato flowers” and “hand pollination” accounted for higher proportions of labour cost amongst the entire vegetable culture process. No significant differences in the labour requirements of the investigated vegetables were reported amongst three regions in Jiangsu Province. However, the order of labour cost is south Jiangsu > north Jiangsu > middle Jiangsu, due to the salary difference amongst three regions. Watermelon, broccoli and chive are more suitable for growing by agricultural enterprises since they have relatively low unit labour and high prices. We established a method to calculate and analyze labour requirement and cost of vegetable production in Jiangsu Province, which also may be instructive for other regions. In addition, our results provided useful data for various vegetable producers to improve their labour management.
Antioxidant potential and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of onion (Allium cepa L.) peel and bulb extracts
Authors: Masood S. , Rehman A. ur , Ihsan M. A. , Shahzad K. , Sabir M. , Alam S. , Ahmed W. , Shah Z. H. , Alghabari F. , Mehmood A. , Chung G.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Allium cepa L. is a commonly consumed vegetable that belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and contains nutrients and antioxidants in ample amounts. In spite of the valuable food applications of onion bulb, its peel and outer fleshy layers are generally regarded as waste and exploration of their nutritional and therapeutic potential is still in progress with a very slow progression rate. The present study was designed with the purpose of doing a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential of two parts of Allium cepa, i.g., bulb (edible part) and outer fleshy layers and dry peels (inedible part). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the onion bulb and peel extracts on rat intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase of porcine was also evaluated. The antioxidant potential of onion peel and bulb extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2’-azino-bis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, H2O2 radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating activity. Total flavonoids and phenolic content of ethanolic extract of onion peel were significantly greater as compared to that of onion bulb. Ethanolic extract of onion peel also presented better antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity as compared to the ethanolic extract of bulb, while the aqueous extract of bulb presented weakest antioxidative potential. Onion peel extract’s α-glucosidase inhibition potential was also correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. The current findings presented onion peel as a possible source of antioxidative agents and phenolic compounds that might be beneficial against development of various common chronic diseases that might have an association with oxidative stress. Besides, outer dry layers and fleshy peels of onion exhibited higher phenolic content and antioxidant activities, compared to the inner bulb. The information obtained by the present study can be useful in promoting the use of vegetable parts other than the edible mesocarp for several future food applications, rather than these being wasted.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in small ruminants of District Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan
Authors: Ruhoollah  , Khan W. , Al-Jabr O. A. , Khan T. , Khan A. , El-Ghareeb W. R. , Aguilar-Marcelino L. , Hussein E. O. S. , Alhimaidi A. R. , Swelum A. A.
Published: October 2021

Abstract The present research was planned to assess the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small ruminants of Upper Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. For this purpose, the faecal material was collected randomly with gloved fingers directly from the rectum region of sheep and goats and the faecal materials were then put in hygienic plastic bottles with 10% formalin. The overall 315 (n=184 sheep and n= 131 goats) faecal samples were collected out of 315 samples, 281 were found positive for different parasites. Patterns-wise prevalence of GI parasites of the study area was found. Overall Single parasitism 89.20% (281/315) with 94.0% (173/184) in sheep and 82.43% (108/131) in goats. Double parasitic infection in small ruminant recorded in which Fasciola+ Haemonchus. contortus in sheep were found their prevalence was 25.54% (47/184). While in goats, the double parasitic infection in which Haemonchus contortus+Trichuris spp were found and their prevalence were 23.43% (30/131). The species found in the sample of sheep were includes, i.e., Strongyloides papillosus (41.30%), Heamonchus controtus (21.73%), Trichuris ovis (17.39%), and Fasciola hepatica (13.58%), the corresponding value for goat were Strongyloides spp 33.33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp 28.70%, (27/108), Trichuris spp 25.20% (27/184) and Fasciola spp 10.68% (14/184). The sheep of the study area are more infected as compared to goats. This study suggested that gastrointestinal parasites are major health problems of small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, a comprehensive study on species of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in the area, control options, cost-effective strategies and awareness about gastrointestinal parasites among the farmers in the study area should be instituted.
Length-weight relationships of fish from sandy beaches
Authors: Olentino D. , Lubich C. C. F. , Rocha M. D. P. , Santos J. H. N. , Gomes T. , Beltrão H. , Silva J. F. , Yamamoto K. C.
Published: October 2021

Abstract This study estimated the length–weight relationships of 16 fish species occurring close to the shores of sandy beaches along the lower Negro River basin, Brazilian Amazon. The specimens were captured for one day each month, in October to November 2016, early in the morning and early evening, using trawl net (20 m taken for standard length (SL – 0.1 cm precision) and total weight (TW – 0.01 g precision). The parameters a and b of the equation WT = a.LTb were estimated. The a values ranged from 0.0018 to 0.0226 and b values ranged from 2.5271 to 3.3244. This study also provides new data on of maximum lengths for six species, Amazonsprattus scintilla, Brycon pesu, Moenkhausia megalops, Pachyurus paucirastrus, Reganella depressa and Trachydoras microstomus, and new reports of the LWRs parameters of 15 fish species.
Natural parasitism in fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) and interaction with wild hosts surrounding apple orchards adjacent to Atlantic Forest fragments in Paraná State, Brazil
Authors: Monteiro L. B. , Nishimura G. , Monteiro R. S.
Published: October 2021

Abstract The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important pest in the subtropical region of Brazil. This insect has tritrophic relation between wild fruits and parasitoids and is associated with apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards adjacent to the Atlantic Forest in Paraná. We thus investigated the degree of infestation of the fruit fly and natural parasitism in wild and cultivated fruits surrounding apple orchards. For this purpose, we collected fruits of Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burret, Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart), Eugenia uniflora L., Eugenia pyriformis Cambessèdes, Psidium cattleianum Sabine, Psidium guajava (L.), Annona neosericea Rainer and Eriobotrya japonica (Thumb) in apple orchards adjacent to the Atlantic Forest located in Campo do Tenente, Lapa and Porto Amazonas counties. In total, we collected 18,289 fruits during four growing years. The occurrence of A. fraterculus depends on the susceptible period of apple fruits. A. sellowiana and P. cattleianum were considered primary fruit fly multipliers and P. guajava was secondary, all occurring after the apple harvest (IS period). The group of parasitoids with A. fraterculus was Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes, 1924) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), Opius bellus (Gahan, 1930), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) and Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) all of which are first records in the Atlantic Forest in Paraná. First record of O. bellus occurring in the State of Paraná, as well as, first record of the tritrophic association between host plant A. neosericea, parasitoids D. areolatus and O. bellus and fruit fly A. fraterculus. The host P. cattleianum stood out among the Myrtaceae species in regard to the high diversity of parasitoid species (81% of parasitoids). The total number of Figitidae species (76.5%) was higher than that of Braconidae species. The influence of climatic events in southern Brazil on wild fruit production should be further studied to understand the association of A. fraterculus with the tritrophic relationship.
A Economia Política nas Ciências Sociais no Brasil: escopo, trajetória e perfil dos artigos
Authors: Ianoni Marcus , Guimarães Alexandre Queiroz , Quintas Felipe Maruf
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Introdução: O artigo resgata a trajetória da Economia Política, para definir essa área e disciplina. Em seguida, analisa a produção de artigos acadêmicos, no decênio 2009-2018, na subárea de Economia Política nas Ciências Sociais no Brasil. Busca evidenciar o relativo enfraquecimento dessa subárea nas últimas décadas. Os objetivos foram definir critérios de inclusão dos artigos na área de economia política; identificar os temas específicos que têm sido pesquisados e os recursos metodológicos adotados; avaliar os resultados encontrados e sugerir caminhos institucionais e de pesquisa para o desenvolvimento da Economia Política nas Ciências Sociais. Materiais e Métodos: A metodologia identifica, quantifica e distingue os conteúdos de artigos de Economia Política publicados em nove periódicos nacionais A1, A2 e B1, conforme a classificação em vigor do Qualis Periódicos da Capes para a Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais. Resultados: Conclui que os economistas lideram a produção, especialmente das temáticas do desenvolvimento e da macroeconomia. Na economia política internacional, há uma distribuição equilibrada de artigos entre o periódico diretamente vinculado à subárea analisada e as revistas mais próximas das ciências sociais stricto sensu, nas quais, por outro lado, predominam conteúdos das políticas sociais e das instituições políticas. Discussão: O desenvolvimento da subárea passa pela construção de pontes teórico-metodológicas e redes institucionais entre a economia e a política.
Content validity of the nursing diagnosis powerlessness in women during natural childbirth
Authors: Apolônio Fernanda Rocha , Pontes Cleide Maria , Perrelli Jaqueline Galdino Albuquerque , Sousa Santana de Maria Alves de , Mendes Ryanne Carolynne Marques Gomes , Mangueira Suzana de Oliveira , Linhares Francisca Márcia Pereira
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the content of the nursing diagnosis powerlessness in women during natural childbirth. Method: A nursing diagnosis content validation, in which 29 experts analyzed the definition of powerlessness and assessed the relevance of related factors, populations at risk, associated conditions and defining characteristics. These elements were considered relevant when the Content Validity Index was greater than or equal to 0.9. Results: Experts considered the definition resulting from the concept analysis more appropriate for the diagnosis under study. Regarding the assessment of diagnostic elements, 10 related factors, two populations at risk, three associated conditions and 10 defining characteristics were considered relevant. Conclusion: The new definition for powerlessness and 25 elements have been validated by experts. These can support the operationalization of the Nursing Process for parturient women.
Urban market amplifies strong species selectivity in Amazonian artisanal fisheries
Authors: Tregidgo Daniel , Parry Luke , Barlow Jos , Pompeu Paulo S.
Published: October 2021

Abstract Despite Amazonia possessing the highest freshwater biodiversity on Earth, urban landing data show how huge fishing pressure is placed on only a dozen species. However, truly characterising the fishery and understanding the drivers of species selectivity is challenging, given the neglect of artisanal fishing activity, who may catch most of the Amazon’s fish. We register the catch of 824 fishing trips by interviewing artisanal fishers in their rural riverside communities. We use these data to characterise the artisanal fishery of the Rio Purus, the main fish source sub-system for the Amazon’s largest city (Manaus), and investigate the factors determining catch composition. Fishers caught 80 fish species, yet just four species made up over half of the harvested biomass. Urban markets appear to drive greater selectivity, with a significantly lower species diversity in commercial compared to subsistence catches. Fish catch composition varied significantly both seasonally and with geographical remoteness from Manaus. The spatial turnover in catch composition appears to be driven by urban access, with more commercially important species dominating where Manaus-based fish-buyers frequent. Our data may partially explain observed overfishing in some commercially important species, particularly as most Amazonians now live in urban areas.
Calibração de hidrômetro para água fria de vazão nominal de 1,5 m3/h
Authors: Costa Neto Ermes , Lima Matheus de , Rolim Tiago Leite
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Com a crise hídrica vivida na atualidade, as concessionárias de água têm buscado soluções para diminuir as perdas de água. No sistema de abastecimento de água podem acontecer dois tipos, as perdas reais — ocasionadas por vazamentos na tubulação, transbordamentos e vazamentos nos reservatórios — e as perdas aparentes — causadas por fraudes, ligações clandestinas e erros de submedição dos hidrômetros. O acompanhamento periódico da confiabilidade metrológica dos hidrômetros, por meio de calibração, permite o apoio na decisão pela troca, ou não, reduzindo, assim, as perdas aparentes. Dessa forma, este artigo apresenta um método para calibração de hidrômetro para água fria, taquimétrico, monojato, classe B, de vazão nominal de 1,5 m3/h, tipo de medidor mais utilizado nas ligações residenciais, por meio da Portaria do INMETRO de nº 246, de 17 de outubro de 2000. O método proposto apresenta as condições para preparação dos medidores e da bancada, o sistema de medição, as possíveis fontes dos erros e suas respectivas incertezas associadas. Além do método de cálculo de incerteza de medição, conforme preconiza o guia para a expressão de incerteza de medição (GUM) da ISO, publicado em 2008. Foi realizada a calibração de três hidrômetros usados, fabricados nos anos de 2015, 2016 e 2017 e escolhidos aleatoriamente no parque de hidrômetros do município de Recife, gerido pela Companhia Pernambucana de Saneamento (COMPESA). Os resultados obtidos demonstram a viabilidade do método no apoio na troca dos hidrômetros pela análise comparativa entre os valores de referência do INMETRO e os medidos somados às incertezas.
Numerical Modeling Applied to Leachate Generation using Hydrus – Case Study: Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Saito Kymie Karina Silva , Vasconcellos Carlos Alexandre Bastos de , Rotunno Filho Otto Corrêa , Mansur Webe João
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Improper design and management of the cover layer of a sanitary landfill has been proven to produce harmful environmental impacts on the environment. One alternative at hand is to develop scenarios based on simulation of physical and computational models to represent the expected field water balance of a landfill coverage layer. This paper investigates the design of a sanitary landfill final cover in the municipality of Seropédica, which is located at the state of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. More specifically, the compact soil coverage, which is widely used for landfill final cover of municipal solid waste, is evaluated in contrast to vegetation cover by grass, vegetation cover by brachiaria and capillary barrier. To accomplish such task, hydrometeorological forcing conditions, namely daily rainfall and temperature, were retrieved from the Anchieta weather station, which is situated nearby the study area. The Hydrus 1D and 2/3 D computational codes were employed to develop a set of scenarios to follow the contamination plume evolution within the landfill along the time frame of 20 years with some degree of reliability. It should be noted that the performed evaluation indicates the possibility to control the leachate release and consequently to avoid contaminating the environment, notably to prevent soil and water resources pollution. Vegetation cover by grass and brachiaria showed important control mechanisms with respect to the movement of the contaminant plume. In addition, it should be noticed that the best results for the landfill final cover were achieved for the capillary barrier, while poor performance results were obtained for the commonly employed compact soil.
Intervening factors in the costs of fluoridation in water supply systems: a case study in seven population sizes
Authors: Belotti Lorrayne , Frazão Paulo
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the costs of fluoridation in water supply systems of different population sizes. A case study was carried out comprising cities in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The costs of initial installation, the chemical product, the operation of the system, and the control of fluoride levels between the years 2012 and 2017 were considered. The annual per capita cost of the treatment was calculated to estimate the fluoridation weight concerning the total expenses. The fluoridation annual per capita cost ranged from R$ 20.14 (US$ 7.23) in towns with less than two thousand inhabitants to R$ 0.39 (US$ 0.14) in cities with a population of approximately 520 thousand inhabitants. In systems that supply up to 30 thousand inhabitants, the running cost was responsible for most of the expenses, ranging from 98.2 to 84%. For cities with 520 thousand inhabitants, the costs with the chemical product corresponded to 74.7% of the expenses. Compared with the total treatment cost, the water fluoridation cost ranged from 0.2 to 0.6% for population sizes of 30 thousand inhabitants or more and varied from 1.3 to 7.3% for towns with less than 10 thousand inhabitants. Considering that the decision-making process is complex in the field of public policies, and decision-makers suffer multiple influences as for different policy alternatives, knowing the implications of population size for costs is essential for informed decision-making.
Validação de método analítico por extração líquido-líquido e análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas para detecção de ácidos haloacéticos em amostras ambientais
Authors: Franco Elton , Camargo Júlia , Aguilar Núbia , Silva Diego , Rodrigues Jairo , Pádua Valter , Libânio Marcelo , Giani Alessandra , Sierau Layde Dyana
Published: October 2021

RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a validação de um método analítico para detecção e quantificação de ácidos haloacéticos por meio da extração líquido-líquido e da análise por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. Para a validação, consideraram-se parâmetros como linearidade, precisão, limites de detecção e quantificação e seletividade. Adicionalmente, aplicou-se o método para avaliar a formação de ácidos haloacéticos em ensaios de cloração de células de Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii com o oxidante hipoclorito de cálcio, simulando situações em estações de tratamento de água. O método apresentou baixo tempo de análise, excelente seletividade, precisão, repetitividade e sensibilidade, com possibilidade de aplicação para análises de rotina em substituição à cromatografia a gás por captura de elétrons. Observou-se a formação de ácidos haloacéticos durante os ensaios com doses de 2,5 e 5,0 mg.L-1 do oxidante, com destaque para os ácidos dicloroacético e tricloroacético.
Metodologia de extração de microplásticos associados a sedimentos de ambientes de água doce
Authors: Pappis Thatiane , Kapusta Simone Caterina , Ojeda Telmo
Published: October 2021

RESUMO O descarte inadequado de materiais plásticos, em razão de sua quantidade e características, tem ocasionado significativos impactos negativos aos ambientes aquáticos. Estudos sobre microplásticos, partículas de plástico menores do que 5 mm na sua dimensão maior, têm sido intensificados nos últimos anos. No entanto, ainda são incipientes os trabalhos com esse enfoque em sedimentos de água doce. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo testar a eficácia de diferentes metodologias de extração de microplásticos associados a sedimentos. Estudos experimentais foram desenvolvidos em laboratório, utilizando metodologias baseadas em diferença de densidade (adição de soluções saturadas de sacarose e de cloreto de sódio) e amostras de sedimentos secos. De uma maneira geral, o tratamento baseado na adição de solução saturada de sacarose apresentou maior eficiência de extração, quando comparado com os demais tratamentos. No tratamento no qual a amostra seca foi analisada, verificou-se maior dificuldade na separação e na identificação dos fragmentos plásticos, por estes apresentarem forma e/ou coloração similares às encontradas nas partículas do sedimento. Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de baixo custo operacional, baixo impacto ambiental e de fácil aplicação, capaz de possibilitar o monitoramento de microplásticos presentes em sedimentos de água doce e, consequentemente, fornecer subsídios para tomadores de decisão, para a proposição de medidas de redução e controle da poluição por materiais plásticos.
Avaliação de Soldas Dissimilares com a Técnica da Dupla Camada Utilizando os Arames-Eletrodos AWS ER 316L e ER NiCrMo-3 sobre o Aço ASTM A182 F22
Authors: Aguirre Humberto Vinicius Muñoz , Teixeira Felipe Ribeiro , Mota Carlos Alberto Mendes da , Nascimento Alexandre Saldanha do
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Um adequado procedimento para a soldagem de materiais dissimilares deve prever o amanteigamento do bisel através da técnica da dupla camada, de modo a estabelecer uma barreira térmica capaz de minimizar os problemas de fragilização da junta. A interface do amanteigamento nessas soldas é apontada como a região mais crítica da junta devido à presença de fases duras, normalmente encontradas na região grosseira da zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC) e próximo da linha de fusão. O presente trabalho visa investigar a viabilidade das técnicas de Higuchi e Higuchi Modificado para a seleção dos parâmetros operacionais para a soldagem controlada pela técnica da dupla camada, em termos do revenimento da ZAC com granulação grosseira da primeira camada depositada sobre um aço ARBL. Os revestimentos foram depositados com os arames-eletrodos o ER NiCrMo-3 e o ER 316L, os quais utilizaram o processo GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) com corrente pulsada e com corrente convencional, respectivamente. O aço ARBL (Alta Resistência Baixa Liga) ASTM A182 F22 foi utilizado como substrato. Os resultados mostraram uma redução no nível de microdureza da ZAC da primeira camada por meio da utilização da técnica da dupla camada. Contudo, o nível de revenimento alcançado ainda é insuficiente ao ponto de eliminar completamente o uso de Tratamento Térmico de Alívio de Tensões (TTAT).
Caracterização geotécnica de cinzas de carvão mineral e sua utilização como barreiras impermeabilizantes
Authors: Elias Deyvid de Souza , Soares Anderson Borghetti , Souza Henrique Petisco de
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Para adequar-se à realidade da sociedade contemporânea, a organização de todo e qualquer processo produtivo deverá prevê planos de gerenciamento de resíduos, que buscam encontrar alternativas técnicas, econômicas e ambientalmente viáveis para os subprodutos advindos de sua operação. Sob esta premissa as empresas Energia Pecém e Eneva, que gerenciam as Usinas Termelétricas Porto Pecém I e II, firmaram parceria com a Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), visando o desenvolvimento de projeto científico que objetivava dar destinos adequados aos resíduos advindos da queima do carvão mineral nas UTE’s. O resultado foi o desenvolvimento de diversos trabalhos que avaliaram alternativas para o emprego das cinzas. O presente estudo verificou a possibilidade de empregar as cinzas em camadas de barreiras impermeabilizantes de fundo de aterros (liners). Foram realizados diversos ensaios geotécnicos com o intuito de caracterizar o material e verificar se o mesmo possui as propriedades necessárias a utilização proposta, como por exemplo, a condutividade hidráulica, que para este fim deverá ser inferior a 10-7 cm/s. Entretanto, observou-se variabilidade significativa nos valores dos parâmetros estudados, o que levou a necessidade de analisar o uso de um material composto, misturas de solo (areia argilosa) e cinza composta em diferentes proporções, que apresentou resultados mais consistentes, atingindo valores de condutividade hidráulica próximos aos exigidos para uso como liner. Dentre as misturas de solo e cinza analisadas, mistura denominada S70C30 (70% de massa de solo e 30% em massa de cinza), apresentou um coeficiente de permeabilidade saturada de 4,26x10-7 cm/s que juntamente com outras características geotécnicas, mostrou-se adequada para o uso proposto.
Avaliação do aquecimento de amostras de aço imersas em plasma
Authors: Disconzi Otávio Henrique de Andrade , Santos Diego Michael Cornelius dos , Bordignon Bruno Cuchi , Bisogno Júlia Beltrame , Limberger Inácio da Fontoura , Daudt Natália de Freitas
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Processos assistidos por plasma tem diversas aplicações industrias como a nitretação de aços, sinterização, deposição de filmes finos e produção de semicondutores. A taxa de aquecimento, transferência de calor e temperatura têm um papel fundamental nas propriedades dos materiais imersos em um plasma. Contudo, um dos desafios do processamento de materiais por plasma é medir com precisão a transferência de calor e a temperatura, particularmente em regiões especificas da amostra, uma vez que pode haver a presença picos térmicos, aumentando localmente a temperatura. Além disso, há diversos parâmetros como a composição da atmosfera, potência, pressão e a composição da amostra que podem afetar a difusão, o transporte de massa e a taxa de aquecimento no plasma. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a homogeneidade do aquecimento de amostras de aços revenidas em plasma de argônio e comparar com o aquecimento em forno resistivo. Para este propósito, a microestrutura e a dureza de amostras revenidas em plasma foram comparadas às amostras revenidas em forno resistivo. Desse modo, foi possível determinar a temperatura equivalente de um sólido imerso em plasma. Tendo em vista o grande interesse industrial em processos de nitretação a plasma, neste estudo o aquecimento de amostras de aços imersas em plasma foi avaliado em um reator típico de nitretação a plasma. Para tal, amostras de aço SAE 1045 e 8640 foram temperadas e em seguida revenidas em plasma. As amostras revenidas em plasma mostraram uma maior perda de dureza para o tratamento na mesma temperatura (medida no porta-amostra) do que as amostras revenidas convencionalmente. Este resultado foi relacionado aos picos térmicos durante o aquecimento a plasma. Um modelo matemático para determinar a temperatura equivalente durante o revenimento a plasma foi proposto. Este modelo poderá ser aplicado para desenvolver estratégias para otimizar os parâmetros do plasma, visando melhorar as propriedades dos materiais.
Monitoramento da corrosão do aço de baixo carbono em sistema com fluxo turbulento de NaCl 3%: uma investigação eletroquímica
Authors: Sousa Jhonatan Peres de , Nascimento José Marcos Soares do , Nascimento Carmem Célia Francisco do , Reis Gedeon Silva , Souza Maria Eliziane Pires de , Borges Ferdinando Marco Rodrigues , Rocha Junior José Carlos Silva
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Em dutos que operam em regime turbulento, o processo corrosivo é acelerado e diretamente responsável por inúmeros prejuízos em plantas industriais, tais como paradas nas linhas de produção, falhas em equipamentos e elevados custos de manutenção. Embora haja poucos estudos laboratoriais nesta condição de escoamento, há um consenso entre inúmeros pesquisadores que o monitoramento e investigações nesta condição são essenciais, uma vez que simulam condições representativas da realidade industrial. Este trabalho investigou a influência do fluxo do meio eletrolítico sobre os parâmetros eletroquímicos do aço ABNT 1020 em solução NaCl 3% submetido a diferentes velocidades (0,21, 0,42, 0,62 e 0,84 m.s-1), relacionando os resultados obtidos por Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica (EIE) e Polarização Potenciodinâmica Linear (PPL). Os ensaios eletroquímicos foram realizados a partir de uma plataforma experimental construída para tal finalidade e acoplada às conexões do potenciostato, a fim de se obter curvas experimentais enquanto o eletrólito fluía dentro da célula e interagia com a superfície do metal. Os resultados mostraram que a variação da velocidade provoca mudanças notáveis nos principais parâmetros do ensaio e que as técnicas eletroquímicas corroboraram entre si mesmo em condições turbulentas de escoamento na plataforma de testes.
Failure analysis in heat exchanger tubes from the top system of the regeneration tower of the hydrotreatment unit in an oil refinery: a case study
Authors: Nicacio Jancler Adriano Pereira , Lins Vanessa de Freitas Cunha , Bracarense Alexandre Queiroz
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT This paper presents a failure analysis performed on tubes of a heat exchanger. Heat exchangers are among the most common equipment in an oil refining industry, as heat transfer is one of the most important and common processes in chemical and petrochemical industries. The equipment analyzed was the condenser of the top system of the diethanolamine regeneration tower of the naphtha hydrotreating unit of an oil refinery. The tubular bundle consists of 78 tubes in the ASTM A213 Grade 316L specification, with 19.05 mm in diameter and 1.65 mm in wall thickness. The tubes are subjected to the aqueous flow of H2S and diethanolamine on the outside and cooling water on the inside. After a scheduled general shutdown in July 2011, after six years of continuous operation, the loss of thickness in several tubes was observed. The result of the failure analysis indicated that, through visual inspection, the corrosive process occurred from outside to inside the tubes. The eddy current test indicated an active corrosive process with a corrosion rate of 0.16775 mm / year. The ultrasonic inspection performed through the internal rotating inspection system (IRIS) confirmed the loss of thickness and the presence of perforated tubes, with consequent loss of containment. Amine corrosion in the presence of H2S was identified as the basic failure mechanism, aggravated by DEA concentration higher than 20 wt.% in the analyzed equipment. In October 2019, the tubes of this exchanger were replaced and the proposed solution to mitigate the problem was to dilute the solution with washing water, to obtain amine solution concentrations below 5% by mass in the beam tubes of the heat exchanger.
Estudo do comportamento termomecânico do aço inoxidável AISI 430 por meio da termografia por infravermelho
Authors: Cangussu Vinícius Melo , Oliveira Diogo Azevedo de , Abrão Alexandre Mendes , Magalhães Frederico de Castro , Campos Haroldo Béria
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o aumento da temperatura em chapas de aço inoxidável AISI 430 durante o ensaio de tração para as seguintes taxas de deformação: 0,001; 0,01 e 0,1 s-1. Para registrar a evolução da temperatura até a fratura dos corpos de prova, foi utilizada uma termocâmera por infravermelho. Os resultados obtidos pela técnica da termografia por infravermelho mostraram um aumento gradual e uniforme da temperatura durante o encruamento do material e uma elevação drástica da temperatura nas regiões de estricção e fratura dos corpos de prova. Para a taxa de deformação de 0,1 s-1 foi observado o maior gradiente de temperatura entre a estricção localizada e a fratura (110 ºC).
Influência da Adição de Cal Hidratada na Aderência do Preparo da Base Chapisco e Argamassa para Revestimento
Authors: Santos André Miranda dos , Silva Ângelo Just Costa e , Mota João Manoel de Freitas
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Considerando as tecnologias relacionadas aos revestimentos de paredes nas edificações, releva-se a importância de preparo da base chapisco. Entretanto, não se pode desconsiderar a importância das demais camadas do sistema de revestimentos de argamassas na resistência de aderência à tração, com maior ênfase nos casos das fachadas. A aderência relaciona-se basicamente à técnica executiva empregada e aos materiais utilizados, destacando o teor de cimento e água adicionada no traço, tendo em vista que a penetração da água coloidal nos poros da base, propicia a microancoragem (travamento mecânico de cristais de sulfoaluminato de cálcio hidratado ou etringita e silicato de cálcio hidratado, conforme princípio dos poros ativos) que governa à aderência. Podem-se destacar alguns benefícios do chapisco na aderência dos revestimentos: (i) resistência ao cisalhamento, função da rugosidade (macroancoragem); (ii) uniformização da absorção; (iii) parte da barreira física do sistema de revestimento da fachada. Essa pesquisa objetivou verificar a influência da adição de cal em relação a massa de cimento, no chapisco e no sistema chapisco mais reboco, nos teores (0%, 5%, 10% e 15%) em paredes com blocos cerâmicos e de concreto. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a importante contribuição da adição de cal como incremento da resistência de aderência à tração de revestimentos argamassados[1].
Análise da temperatura ótima de corte para o par: metal duro revestido x aço ABNT 1045
Authors: Pereira Verner Petersen , Câmara Marcelo Araújo
Published: October 2021

RESUMO A otimização dos parâmetros de corte na usinagem de metais tem sido uma grande preocupação na manufatura de peças de diversos setores. Reduzir o desgaste da ferramenta e melhorar a qualidade da superfície usinada são algumas das metas do processo de corte. Nesse sentido, a temperatura de corte tem se mostrado o parâmetro mais adequado para correlacionar o desgaste da ferramenta, integridade da superfície e também força de corte. Desse modo, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi validar a existência de uma temperatura ótima de corte onde a mínima taxa de desgaste, mínima força de corte e mais alta qualidade da superfície usinada podiam ser alcançadas. Para tanto, foram utilizados os métodos de menor força de corte estabilizada e melhor qualidade da superfície usinada no torneamento a seco do aço ABNT 1045 recozido utilizando insertos de metal duro com revestimento PVD - (Al, Ti)N variando-se os parâmetros de corte: avanço e velocidade de corte. Em um segundo momento, para conferir se o menor desgaste coincide com a menor força de corte e melhor rugosidade da superfície usinada, foram realizados testes de desgaste da ferramenta medindo-se o desgaste de flanco, de entalhe e perda de massa dos insertos em diferentes velocidades de corte. Os resultados mostraram que, não foi possível validar a existência de uma temperatura ótima de corte pelos métodos propostos, pois foram encontradas diferentes temperaturas correspondentes ao início da estabilização das forças de corte nos avanços estudados. Os valores da rugosidade, parâmetro Ra, tiveram variações pequenas e aleatórias em um mesmo avanço com o aumento da temperatura e velocidade de corte. Os resultados dos três testes de desgaste da ferramenta apontaram para um desgaste crescente com o aumento da velocidade de corte, com isso, constatou que o menor desgaste não ocorreu na mínima força de corte.
Fatigue durability of reinforced concrete bridge deck repair methods
Authors: Nagatani Toshihiko , Mizobuchi Toshiaki , Hagihara Yuki
Published: October 2021

In recent years, the aging of existing reinforced concrete deck slabs of road bridges in Japan has been attributed to the deterioration of the concrete on the upper surface, and partial replacements have been carried out as a measure to extend service life. This study comparatively verifies the effectiveness of the partial cross-section replacement method, using a wheel load running test and focusing on the combination of the removal method of the existing concrete and the repair material. An appropriate method of partial replacement of existing reinforced concrete deck slabs is also proposed.
Effect of thrower’s ten exercise program on scapular dyskinesia and throwing accuracy in cricket bowlers
Authors:   Associate Professor M.A.Rangoonwala College of Physiotherapy and Research, Pune, India, Ponkshe Ketki Ponde , Agrawal Ronika ,   Principal and Professor M.A.Rangoonwala College of Physiotherapy and Research, Pune, India, Rampurwala Fatema ,   Intern M.A. Rangoonwala College of Physiotherapy and Research, Pune, India, Tamboli Alfaiz ,   Intern M.A. Rangoonwala College of Physiotherapy and Research, Pune, India.
Published: October 2021

Background: 19.8–34.1% of Upper limb injuries are recorded of total injuries in cricket. Shoulder joint is the most affected joint in bowlers. Inadequate force generation due to improper position of scapula and less strength of shoulder muscle might affect the performance of the players. So the objectives of the study was to see the effect of Thrower’s Ten Exercise Program on scapular dyskinesia and throwing accuracy . Methodology: 30 cricket bowlers (district and state level) with scapular dyskinesia were selected. Pre and post evaluation for scapular dyskinesia and Functional Throwing Performance Index (FTPI) was done post intervention. The intervention was carried out for 6 weeks . Results: There was significant improvement seen in scapular dyskinesia (p=0.0001) and in throwing accuracy (p=0.0002). Conclusion: This study concludes that the Thrower’s Ten Exercise Program when given for a period of 3dyas for 6 weeks showed highly significant improvement in scapular dyskinesia and throwing accuracy. KEY WORDS: Scapular Dyskinesia, Cricket Bowlers, Throwing Accuracy, Thrower’s ten program.
Thematic role assignment in non-default verb classes: A cross-linguistic comparison of English and German
Authors: Kyriaki Louise , Schlesewsky Matthias , Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Ina
Published: October 2021

The influence of sentential cues (such as animacy and word order) on thematic role interpretation differs as a function of language (MacWhinney et al. 1984). However, existing cross-linguistic research has typically focused on transitive sentences involving agents, and interpretation of non-default verb classes is less well understood. Here, we compared the way in which English and German native speakers – languages known to differ in the cue prominence of animacy and word order – assign thematic roles. We compared their interpretation of sentences containing either default (agent-subject) or non-default (experiencer-subject) verb classes. Animacy of the two noun phrases in a sentence was either animate-inanimate and plausible (e.g. “The men will devour the meals...”) or inanimate-animate and implausible in English (e.g. “The meals will devour the men...”). We examined role assignment by probing for either the actor or undergoer of the sentence. Mixed effects modelling revealed that role assignment was significantly influenced by noun animacy, verb class, question type, and language. Results are interpreted within the Competition Model framework (Bates et al. 1982; MacWhinney et al. 1984) and show that English speakers predominantly relied on word order for thematic role assignment. German speakers relied on word order to a comparatively lesser degree, with animacy a prominent cue. Cue weightings appeared to be modulated in the context of other cues, with the weighting of an animacy-based strategy over a word-order-based strategy increasing for sentences with non- default (experiencer-subject) verbs and with undergoer-focused questions, particularly where word order was more flexible (i.e. in German as opposed to English). These findings highlight the differential influence of the surrounding context (e.g. question focus) across languages.
Effects of replacement noug seed cake (Guizotia abyssinica) with treated tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) leaf meal on egg quality traits of layer hens
Authors: Amare Sisay Sendekie , Habtamu Ayalew Kasahun , Yohannes Dagnew Alemayhu
Published: October 2021

Egg quality treats are significantly impacted by nutritional factors either deficient or excessive quantities in the layer diets. In this study one hundred eight, 32 weeks age of Bovans Brown chickens were used as an experimental animals. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric based ration diets were formulated. The level of ration replacing NSC by TTLM was at 0%(T1), 5%(T2), 10%(T3) and 15%(T4) from the total ration. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used with four treatments, three replicate (9chicken/replicate) and the experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Egg quality parameters were determined at the interval 28 days by randomly taking 5 freshly-laid eggs from each replication and determine egg size, eggshell, albumen and yolk quality by using different measurement parameters. The results showed that egg shape index, yolk weight (g) and yolk ratio (%) were similar (P>0.05) among treatment groups. Eggshell thickness and yolk color score were significantly varied (p<0.05) with different levels of TTLM substitution. In the present study shell thickness, shell weight and shell ratio were higher in the treatment groups (5, 10 and 15% TTLM) than the control (0%) diets. The study showed that shell thickness ranged from 0.32-0.38 mm at T1 and T3 TTLM, respectively. Haugh unit (84.04±1.79) and albumen height (7.01±0.23) were highest (P<0.05) at T3 than the other treatments. Based on results most of the external and internal egg quality parameters were significantly changed when the level of TTLM increased up to15% than the control diet and it implies a great opportunity in utilizing TTLM.
Evaluation of Factors affecting voluntary blood donation in South-South Nigeria: Focus on Akwa Ibom State
Authors: Grace Etete Peters , Nnabuike Inya Oko
Published: October 2021

Background: The sudden increase in demand for blood transfusion globally without the corresponding increase in voluntary blood supply (donation) has become a serious health problem. Countries across the world are facing serious problem of blood scarcity. Therefore this study was carried out to evaluate the socio- cultural factors affecting voluntary blood donation in Akwa Ibom State. Methods: A survey research design was adopted for the study and was carried out from January to May 2017. Three hundred respondents were purposely selected for the study from the three Senatorial districts using simple random techniques. Data were collected, collated and analyzed into frequencies and percentages and were also presented in tables. Results: The findings of the study revealed that majority (91.5%) people have good knowledge of voluntary blood donation due to the level of awareness and also view the exercise as important even without reward (remuneration) from recipients despite the influence of some socio-cultural factors such as culture, religion among others. Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that socio-cultural barriers to voluntary blood donation still exist, thereby giving room for misconception. Therefore, there should be intensified health education using various methods including health workers, print media and community leaders on the benefit of voluntary blood donation. This will help to correct some misconceptions on blood donation as there are people who still believe in the dictates of their religious and cultural practices as it relates to blood donation and its attendant health implication.
Automated Chloroform-Methanol Protein Extraction on the Biomek-FX Liquid Handler System v1
Authors: Chen Yan , Ogorzalek Tad , Kaplan Lease Nurgul , Gin Jennifer , J Petzold Christopher
Published: October 2021

This protocol details steps to extract protein from Gram-negative bacterial or fungal cells (that have been pretreated with zymolyase) in quantitative proteomic workflows by using a Biomek FX liquid handler system. It is a semi-automated protocol that includes several 'pause' steps for centrifugation steps that are conducted manually "off-deck". This protocol works best as part of an automated proteomic sample preparation workflow with: Automated Protein Quantitation with the Biomek-FX liquid handler system and Automated Protein Normalization and Tryptic Digestion on a Biomek-NX Liquid Handler System
Automated Protein Quantification with the Biomek-FX Liquid Handler System v1
Authors: Chen Yan , Kaplan Lease Nurgul , Ogorzalek Tad , Gin Jennifer , J Petzold Christopher
Published: October 2021

This protocol details steps to perform the protein quantification (Lowry-based) assay by using a Biomek FX liquid handler system. It is optimized to assay a full 96-well plate of protein samples in duplicate with a separate (control) plate for BSA standards. You will need a plate reader to measure the samples and standards. This protocol works best as part of a full proteomic sample preparation workflow with: Automated Chloroform-Methanol Protein Extraction on the Biomek-FX Liquid Handler System and Automated Protein Normalization and Tryptic Digestion on a Biomek-FX Liquid Handler System
Thawing primary leukemia cells v1
Authors: Bernt Kathrin
Published: October 2021

This protocol is used to thaw primary cells. Key points are the addition of DNAse, which helps to preserve viability.