bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Lecture. It’s more than skin deep: thermoregulatory and cardiovascular consequences of severe burn injuries in humans
Authors: Crandall Craig G. , Cramer Matthew N. , Kowalske Karen J.
Published: November 2021

Each year, within the United States, tens of thousands of individuals are hospitalized for burn-related injuries. The treatment of deep burns often involves skin grafts to accelerate healing and reduce the risk of infection. The grafting procedure results in a physical disruption between the injured and subsequently debrided host site and the skin graft placed on top of that site. Both neural and vascular connections must occur between the host site and the graft for neural modulation of skin blood flow to take place. Furthermore, evaporative cooling from such burn injured areas is effectively absent, leading to greatly impaired thermoregulatory responses in individuals with large portions of their body surface area burned. Hospitalization following a burn injury can last weeks to months, with cardiovascular and metabolic consequences of such injuries having the potential to adversely affect the burn survivor for years postdischarge. With that background, the objectives of this article are to discuss 1) our current understanding of the physiology and associated consequences of skin grafting, 2) the effects of skin grafts on efferent thermoregulatory responses and the associated consequences pertaining to whole body thermoregulation, 3) approaches that may reduce the risk of excessive hyperthermia in burn survivors, 4) the long-term cardiovascular consequences of burn injuries, and 5) the extent to which burn survivors can “normalize” otherwise compromised cardiovascular responses. Our primary objective is to guide the reader toward an understanding that severe burn injuries result in significant physiological consequences that can persist for years after the injury.
A Comparison of Chemotherapy Used with and without Apatinib for Patients with Ovarian Carcinoma Who Progressed after Standard Regimens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hou Chao , Jiang Zhuang-Zhuang , Pan Bo , Zhang Xiao-Chun , Liu Yan-Qing
Published: November 2021

Objective. This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety of the combination therapy of apatinib plus chemotherapy with that of chemotherapy alone in patients with refractory or recurrent ovarian carcinoma (OC). Methods. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT) or case-control studies (CCS) were identified by searching Chinese and English databases up to October 31, 2020. The risk of methodological bias tool and Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) were used to assess trial quality. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate the therapeutic effects and adverse drug reactions. Subgroup analyses of study type, study sample size, dosage of apatinib, and chemotherapy regimen between treatment group and control group were performed. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot symmetry, Begg–Mazumdar test, and Egger test. The robustness of our results was presented by removing the trial one by one. Results. Fifteen eligible studies covering 1,020 patients were included in this review and meta-analysis. Among these studies, 8 were RCTs, and 7 were CCSs. Compared with chemotherapy alone, apatinib plus chemotherapy significantly increased objective response rate (OR = 3.55; 95% CI 2.31 to 5.47), disease control rate (OR = 3.04; 95% CI 2.12 to 4.36), and overall survival (OR = 5.03; 95% CI 3.16 to 6.90). Conclusions. The combination treatment of apatinib plus chemotherapy provides better clinical benefits for OC patients when compared to chemotherapy alone and should be recommended for suitable patients with OC after the failure of standard regimens. However, further investigation into future large-scale prospective randomized research is still needed.
The Multiple Roles of B Lymphocytes in the Onset and Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: Interactions between B Lymphocytes and T Cells
Authors: Xiao Yangfan , Deng Chao , Zhou Zhiguang
Published: November 2021

Although type 1 diabetes is thought to be an organ-specific autoimmune disease, mediated by effective CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, it has recently become clear that B cells participate in the initiation and progress of this disease. Indeed, B cell deletion can prevent or reverse autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice and even result in partially remaining β cell function in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes. This review summarizes the dual role of B cells in this process not only of pathogenic effect but also of immunoregulatory function in type 1 diabetes. We focus on the impact that B cells have on regulating the activation, proliferation, and cytokine production of self-reactive T cells along with regulatory T cells, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the interactions between T and B cells in immunopathogenesis and improving the efficacy of interventions for clinical practice.
Silica/Protein and Silica/Polysaccharide Interactions and Their Contributions to the Functional Properties of Derived Hybrid Wound Dressing Hydrogels
Authors: Mesa Monica , Becerra Natalia Y.
Published: November 2021

Multifunctional and biocompatible hydrogels are on the focus of wound healing treatments. Protein and polysaccharides silica hybrids are interesting wound dressing alternatives. The objective of this review is to answer questions such as why silica for wound dressings reinforcement? What are the roles and contributions of silane precursors and silica on the functional properties of hydrogel wound dressings? The effects of tailoring the porous, morphological, and chemical characteristics of synthetic silicas on the bioactivity of hybrid wound dressings hydrogels are explored in the first part of the review. This is followed by a commented review of the mechanisms of silica/protein and silica/polysaccharide interactions and their impact on the barrier, scaffold, and delivery matrix functions of the derived hydrogels. Such information has important consequences for wound healing and paves the way to multidisciplinary researches on the production, processing, and biomedical application of this kind of hybrid materials.
Silencing LINC00294 Restores Mitochondrial Function and Inhibits Apoptosis of Glioma Cells under Hypoxia via the miR‐21‐5p/CASKIN1/cAMP Axis
Authors: Dong Xiaogang , Pi Qin , Yuemaierabola Anwaier , Guo Wenjia , Tian Hailong
Published: November 2021

Glioma is a type of malignant intracranial tumor. Extensive research has identified the participation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in glioma progression. This study investigated the mechanism of LINC00294 in mitochondrial function and glioma cell apoptosis. Glioma miRNA and mRNA microarray datasets were obtained, and differentially expressed lncRNAs in glioma were screened through various databases. The LINC00294 expression in glioma patients and glioma cells was detected. Glioma cells were treated under hypoxic conditions and transfected with LINC00294 silencing. The apoptosis and mitochondrial function of glioma cells were measured. The expressions of and relations among miR‐21‐5p, CASKIN1, and cAMP in glioma cells were analyzed. Under hypoxic conditions and LINC00294 silencing, the apoptosis and mitochondrial function of glioma cells were detected after inhibiting miR‐21‐5p or overexpressing CASKIN1. Our results indicated that LINC00294 was downregulated in glioma. LINC00294 silencing inhibited glioma cell apoptosis under hypoxia. LINC00294 silencing reversed the inhibition of hypoxia on mitochondrial function under hypoxia. LINC00294 promoted the CASKIN1 expression by sponging miR‐21‐5p and activated the cAMP pathway. Inhibition of miR‐21‐5p or overexpression of CASKIN1 annulled the effects of LINC00294 silencing on mitochondrial function and glioma cell apoptosis under hypoxia. In conclusion, LINC00294 elevated the CASKIN1 expression by sponging miR‐21‐5p and activating the cAMP signaling pathway, thus inhibiting mitochondrial function and facilitating glioma cell apoptosis.
Brand Digital Marketing under Intranet Security Control Based on the Machine Learning Classification Algorithm
Authors: Liu Yishu , Huang Xiaoyan
Published: November 2021

With the advent of the information age, digital marketing models have begun to receive attention and to have applications in many industries. Although the digital marketing model has thus become a hot spot in the sales world, there is still not enough research on digital marketing. In order to optimize brand digital marketing under internal and external security control based on the machine learning classification algorithm, this paper uses fuzzy system theory to perform fuzzy analysis on various experimental data studied, convert it into a fuzzy set, obtain the fuzzy solution of the related function, establish related models of machine learning classification algorithms, and identify and collect relevant experimental data in an intelligent way, saving time for data collection. This paper collects the customer characteristics, customer sensitivity, brand promotion, and brand revenue of a brand within seven days; then uses the classification algorithm and collected data to predict and analyze the future data results; and uses the machine learning classification algorithm model formula to solve the correlation function. The final experimental results show that, in the digital marketing mode, network marketing brings 75% of the benefits to the brand, which is the highest among the four digital marketing models, and it has the best brand publicity level, 45%. At the same time, customers’ sensitivity to the brand reaches 50% under the network marketing model.
Cytology of Extraneural Metastases of Nonhematolymphoid Primary Central Nervous System Tumors: Six Cases with Histopathological Correlation and Literature Update
Authors: Schwock Joerg , Mirham Lorna , Ghorab Zeina
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Extraneural/-cranial metastases (ENM) of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are rare and may be diagnostically challenging. We describe the cytomorphological and pertinent clinical features of ENM in a case series assessed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). A search of the laboratory information systems of 2 tertiary care centers in Toronto (2000–2015) was performed. Cases with direct extracranial/-spinal extension of CNS neoplasms were excluded. Microscopic slides of FNA and surgical specimens were reviewed. Demographic and clinicopathological data were retrieved. Case Presentation: Six cases were identified with the original diagnoses of glioblastoma, glioblastoma with primitive neuroectodermal tumor-like components, anaplastic ependymoma, myxopapillary ependymoma, atypical meningioma, and hemangiopericytoma. Median patient age at first diagnosis was 44 years (range 22–56). The time interval between initial diagnosis and first metastatic disease manifestation was 3 months to 19 years. All FNA diagnoses were rendered correctly. In 4 cases, immunohistochemistry was used to support the diagnosis. All cases had prior surgical intervention at the primary tumor site. In 4 cases, the ENM location was the ipsilateral parotid or buccal area. Two primary tumors in midline location developed ENM in the scapular area. Discussion/Conclusion: ENM are a rare manifestation of a range of different primary CNS tumors and may involve the ipsilateral head and neck mimicking clinically a salivary gland neoplasm. FNA can rapidly discriminate ENM from other, potentially more indolent conditions. Awareness of the clinical history is paramount to avoid diagnostic confusion.
Genetic Characterization of Hereditary Cancer Syndromes Based on Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Ercoskun Pelin , Yuce Kahraman Cigdem , Ozkan Guller , Tatar Abdulgani
Published: November 2021

A hereditary cancer syndrome is a genetic predisposition to cancer caused by a germline mutation in cancer-related genes. Identifying the disease-causing variant is important for both the patient and relatives at risk in cancer families because this could be a guide in treatment and secondary cancer prevention. In this study, hereditary cancer panel harboring cancer-related genes was performed on MiSeq Illumina NGS system from peripheral blood samples. Sequencing files were fed into a cloud-based data analysis pipeline. Reportable variants were classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Three hundred five individuals were included in the study. Different pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were detected in 75 individuals. The majority of these variants were in the MUTYH, BRCA2, and CHEK2 genes. Nine novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified in BRCA1, BRCA2, GALNT12, ATM, MLH1, MSH2, APC, and KIT genes. We obtained interesting and novel variants which could be related to hereditary cancer, and this study confirmed that NGS is an indispensable method for the risk assessment in cancer families.
Expression of FOXA1 Is Associated with the Tumor-Infiltrating M2 Macrophage, Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte, and Effect of Chemotherapy in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Wang Yiduo , Qu Huan , Xu Bin , Wu Jianping , Lu Kai , Liu Chunhui , Chen Shuqiu , Chen Ming
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy has been the standard of care since the late 1980s, but the response rate is <50%. Studies have shown that the efficiency of chemotherapy differs among molecular subtypes of bladder cancer. In this study, we aimed to correlate FOXA1, a marker for differentiation of the basal and luminal subtypes, with tumor immune cell infiltration and the effect of chemotherapy in bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: Eighty-three patients with bladder cancer treated with chemotherapy were reviewed. Clinicopathological variables for each case were recorded. FOXA1, M2 tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), dendritic cell (DC), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) were examined by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between FOXA1, immune cell infiltration, and clinical response to chemotherapy was assessed. Results: The overall objective response rate was 34%. The objective response rate for tumors with lower FOXA1 expression was 58% and for tumors with higher FOXA1 expression was 12%. Tumors with infiltrated M2 TAM proportion <3% had a higher objective response rate compared with infiltrated M2 TAM proportion >3% tumors (46% vs. 21%, p = 0.02). Tumors with infiltrated CTL proportion >5% had a higher objective response rate compared with infiltrated CTL proportion <5% tumors (50% vs. 17%, p = 0.002). DCs showed no significant differences. We found that the objective response rate for tumors with lower FOXA1 expression, proportion <3% M2 TAM infiltration, and proportion >5% CTL infiltration is 82%. Lower FOXA1 expression was associated with low M2 TAM infiltration and high CTL infiltration. Conclusions: Thus, we showed that in patients with bladder cancer who received chemotherapy, the higher clinical response rate is associated with low FOXA1 expression, low M2 TAM infiltration, and high CTL infiltration.
Successful Treatment of Severe Lamotrigine Intoxication with CytoSorb Hemoadsorption
Authors: Reuchsel Caterina , Gonnert Falk Alexander
Published: November 2021

Severe intoxication with the anti-epileptic drug, lamotrigine can cause cardiovascular collapse, neurotoxicity – expressed as intractable seizures, and even death. As there is currently no known specific antidote, extracorporeal removal therapies such as CytoSorb hemoadsorption might represent a promising therapeutic option. We report on a deeply comatosed 60-year-old woman who was treated in our intensive care unit with severe lamotrigine intoxication. To support removal from the blood, combined treatment with continuous veno-venous hemodialysis and CytoSorb hemoadsorption was started. Pre- and post-adsorber drug level measurements showed the rapid elimination of lamotrigine accompanied by an impressive clinical improvement in the patient. Two days after treatment discontinuation, there were no more clinical signs of intoxication and the patient could be extubated, followed by transfer to the stroke unit in a stable condition the following day. In the absence of a viable antidote, for the efficient short-term removal of lamotrigine, hemoadsorption with the CytoSorb device could represent a feasible treatment option for patients with severe lamotrigine intoxication.
Indications of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Undifferentiated Early Gastric Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Further Expansion
Authors: Shiotsuki Kazuo , Takizawa Kohei , Ono Hiroyuki
Published: November 2021

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a widely accepted and minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) without the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, undifferentiated-type EGC (UD-EGC) is considered to have a relatively high risk of LNM. Recently, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group conducted a nonrandomized confirmatory trial (JCOG1009/1010) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD for UD-EGC. Herein, we review the results of JCOG1009/1010 and the possibility of further expanding the indications for ESD. Summary: JCOG1009/1010 showed excellent technical results and 5-year overall survival in patients with UD-EGC. Based on the results, ESD for UD-EGC (cT1a) of ≤2 cm without ulceration was technically feasible and acceptable for standard treatment instead of gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. A review of the EGC of mixed histological type (mixed EGC) suggested that the mixed EGC might have worse biological behavior than the pure histological type. In cases of intramucosal EGC with pure signet-ring cell carcinoma or presenting a double-layer structure, the risk of LNM might be relatively low. Thus, there is a possibility of further expanding the indications or curative evaluations. In the case of UD-EGC after noncurative resection, the data suggest that the eCura system may be applicable to UD-EGC; however, due to the small number of cases, further study is warranted. Key Message: This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding indications for UD-EGC and the possibility of further expanding them.
Ruptura del bronquio principal contralateral durante lobectomía por cirugía toracoscópica videoasistida uniportal, y tres casos de reparación exitosa
Authors: Luo Zhilin , Wang Tianhu , Zhang Hong
Published: November 2021

Antecedentes: Nuestro objetivo es discutir el tratamiento para la ruptura del bronquio principal contralateral durante una lobectomía por cirugía toracoscópica videoasistida uniportal (VATS uniportal). Presentación de casos: Analizamos los datos clínicos de tres casos de ruptura del bronquio principal contralateral durante la VATS uniportal. La reparación quirúrgica se realizó inmediatamente bajo la VATS uniportal durante la operación; como resultado, tres casos de ruptura bronquial se repararon exitosamente, y se continuó hasta completar la lobectomía y la disección de nódulo linfático sistémico. Los casos se reexaminaron una semana después, y no se encontró fístula en la tráquea ni en los bronquios por broncoscopía con fibra óptica. El rango de permanencia de la sonda pleural fue 6–9 días, y la estancia hospitalaria fue de 8–10 días. No se observaron anormalidades en la radiografía torácica cuando las tres pa­cientes regresaron al hospital un mes después de la operación para una segunda revaloración. Conclusiones: Se recomienda la reparación quirúrgica instantánea para el tratamiento de la ruptura bronquial en la cirugía torácica. Reparar un desgarre bronquial con VATS uniportal es seguro y factible.
Rag2 Deficiency Enhances Susceptibility to Systemic Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Infection
Authors: Lee Han-Kyul , Seo Sun-Min , Kim Jun-Young , Kim Han-Woong , Jeong Eui-Suk , Choi Yang-Kyu
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Recombination-activating gene (Rag) 1 and Rag2, which are essential in V(D)J recombination, play a crucial role in B- and T-cell maturation. Method: We investigated the effects of Rag2 deficiency in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated FVB-Rag2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice infected with mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) via the intranasal route. Results: MAV-1 infection caused more severe histopathological changes in FVB-Rag2 KO mice than in WT mice. FVB-Rag2 KO mice exhibited moderate to severe inflammation on day 4 and severe inflammation on day 8 post infection. In contrast, WT mice showed mild inflammation on day 4 and mild to severe inflammation on day 8 post infection, including interstitial pneumonia and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs and liver. Viral loads in the spleen and kidneys were significantly higher in FVB-Rag2 KO mice than in WT mice on day 8 post infection. Levels of cytokines and chemokines, including macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, induced protein 10, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, were upregulated in the spleens of FVB-Rag2 KO mice compared with those of WT mice. The upregulation of several cytokines occurred concurrently with the histopathological changes. MAV-1 infection induced more severe systemic infection in FVB-Rag2 KO mice than in WT mice. Conclusion: In mice, Rag2 deficiency induces inflammatory cell recruitment via the upregulation of cytokine and chemokine levels. The MAV-1 infection model can be utilized to assess the efficacy and safety of therapeutic agents for human adenoviral diseases.
Features of Childhood Growth, Lifestyle, and Environment Associated with a Cardiometabolic Risk Score in Young Adults
Authors: Mårild Staffan , Sjöberg Agneta , Albertsson-Wikland Kerstin , Chaplin John E. , Lissner Lauren , Dahlgren Jovanna
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In young adults, metabolic syndrome (MS) is rare. To better assess the risks for future cardiovascular disease (CVD), a cardiometabolic score can be used, ranking the disease risk in each subject. The score is a continuous variable, summarizing the individual z-scores for waist circumference, blood pressure, blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Our main aim was to assess the association between early childhood growth and the cardiometabolic score in young adults. Methods: Study participants were recruited among subjects in the longitudinal population-based GrowUp 1990 Gothenburg study. Those with information on weight and length at birth, as well as weight, height, waist circumference, and parental body mass index (BMI) at 10 years of age were invited to participate in a health survey at 18–20 years of age. Five hundred and thirteen young adults (female 51%) were included. Multivariable linear stepwise regression analysis was applied. Results: The mean (standard deviation) BMI was 22.2 (3.26) in males and 21.3 (2.69) kg/m2 in females; the cardiometabolic score was 0.24 (3.12) and −0.22 (3.18), respectively. A statistically significantly higher score (p < 0.001) was seen in individuals with MS, as defined by IDF. After controlling for adult lifestyle features, the BMI z-score at 10 years of age was a significant risk factor in both sexes for an elevated cardiometabolic score in early adulthood with mean [standard error] beta 0.47 [0.19], p = 0.014 in males, and 0.82 [017], p < 0.0001 in females. In males, a high maternal BMI and low age at adiposity rebound and in females, high birth weight were also associated with a statistically significant risk. Additionally, contraceptive use in females was a risk factor for an elevated cardiometabolic score and in males, a high lifestyle-related index score showed a protective association with the cardiometabolic score. Conclusion: A high BMI z-score at 10 years of age is a risk factor for the cardiometabolic state in young adults, an outcome pointing to the preventive potential of monitoring BMI in 10-year-old schoolchildren. This finding must however be validated in a new large cohort. Moreover, in young adults in whom MS is rare, the cardiometabolic score seems to be a promising and more powerful tool to detect risks for CVD later in life than using MS categorization.
Thyroid Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Survival: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Kornerup Linda Skibsted , Kraglund Frederik , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Jepsen Peter , Vilstrup Hendrik
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Recent animal studies suggest that thyroid hormone treatment improves HCC prognosis. The aim of this study was to describe the association between thyroid disease and HCC prognosis in humans. Methods: We performed a nationwide cohort study including all persons with an HCC diagnosis from 2000 to 2018. Patients’ age, sex, HCC treatment, and diagnoses of thyrotoxicosis, nontoxic goiter, and myxedema were obtained from Danish national healthcare registries. We used regression models to examine the association between thyroid disease and mortality hazard and restricted mean survival time after HCC diagnosis, adjusting for confounding by sex and age. Results: We included 4,812 patients with HCC and 107 patients with thyroid disease. Median follow-up time was 5 months (total 5,985 person-years). The adjusted mortality hazard ratio was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47–0.96) for thyrotoxicosis and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.41–0.88) for nontoxic goiter. The restricted mean survival time during the 5 years following HCC diagnosis was 6.8 months (95% CI: 1.1–12.6) longer for HCC patients with thyrotoxicosis than for patients without thyroid disease, and it was 6.9 months (95% CI: 0.9–12.9) longer for HCC patients with nontoxic goiter than for patients without thyroid disease. Conclusions: In this large nationwide cohort study, thyrotoxicosis and nontoxic goiter were associated with prolonged HCC survival.
Indicadores de saúde de cidades inteligentes como aliados no enfrentamento da COVID-19: uma análise de Passo Fundo/RS
Authors: Müller Letícia , Silva Thaísa Leal da
Published: November 2021

Progressivamente as cidades têm surgido como protagonistas, figurando no centro de grandes acontecimentos contemporâneos. A crise gerada pela expansão do COVID-19 tem reafirmado essa premissa e ressaltado a importância do meio urbano, desafiando os gestores públicos no gerenciamento das cidades. Nesse contexto, o conceito de Cidades Inteligentes busca auxiliar no planejamento e gestão urbana, utilizando as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação como ferramentas de transformação da dinâmica urbana e mensurando os indicadores urbanos para um melhor monitoramento dos dados das cidades. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar os indicadores urbanos de Saúde de Passo Fundo/RS, buscando compreender a inter-relação desses índices com os dados epidemiológicos da COVID-19. Na metodologia, foram utilizados como parâmetro os indicadores do Ranking Connected Smart Cities (RCSC, 2020), e realizado um recorte regional, abrangendo as cidades de porte médio do Sul do país melhor classificadas no Ranking. Como resultados foi possível perceber que a maioria dos índices de Saúde de Passo Fundo foram inferiores àqueles das cidades comparadas. Além disso, em relação aos dados epidemiológicos da COVID-19, Passo Fundo apresentou a maior taxa de letalidade entre as cidades analisadas. Dessa forma, verificou-se que as cidades que possuem um acompanhamento adequado dos indicadores urbanos de saúde e buscam desenvolver estratégias de Cidades Inteligentes, têm apresentado melhores resultados no combate à pandemia
Reflexões sobre os impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 no espaço doméstico
Authors: Villa Simone Barbosa , Carneiro Gabriela Pereira , Moraes Rodrigo Araujo , Carvalho Nathalia Lya de Melo
Published: November 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 teve seu primeiro caso registrado no Brasil em meados de fevereiro de 2020. Desde então o isolamento social foi considerado uma das ferramentas cruciais para seu enfrentamento. Parcela significativa da população teve que permanecer em casa e adaptar seus espaços para novas atividades, causando impactos nos modos de vida e consequente formas de morar. Neste contexto, o grupo [MORA] Pesquisa em Habitação da FAUED/UFU iniciou investigações acerca dos impactos da pandemia na habitação. As iniciativas fazem parte de um contexto maior de investigação sobre a Casa Resiliente e o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de avaliação pós-ocupação dos impactos e da resiliência - capacidade do ambiente construído e das pessoas de se adaptarem e responderem positivamente aos impactos ao longo do tempo. Esse artigo objetiva apresentar os principais resultados do questionário de impacto, centrado na COVID-19, aplicado de forma irrestrita e online a 468 moradores. Os resultados indicam seis principais aspectos da habitação nos quais o impacto da pandemia se faze presente de forma significativa. Mais do que nunca, questões necessárias como o espaço funcional, a ergonomia, a privacidade, a infraestrutura, a conectividade, a multifuncionalidade, a necessidade de estocagens e a flexibilidade se mostram de grande valia no momento diferente em que vivemos.
Designing for health and wellbeing: various concepts, similar goals
Authors: Voordt Theo van der
Published: November 2021

The last decades show a growing interest in the impact of buildings, facilities and services on health and wellbeing. This paper aims to present different design concepts that have been developed to support health and wellbeing of the end users, such as healing environments and healthy offices, or to avoid negative impacts, such as the Sick Building Syndrome and toxic workplaces. Each concept is supported by a selection of references to available evidence of its influence.
The paper is based on an extensive narrative literature review of buildings and facilities related publications on how to provide healthy environments, with a focus on offices and health care facilities.
The discussed design concepts have much in common, but also different focus points,   Overall it is shown that a variety of building design characteristics - spatial layout, indoor climate, interior design, finishing, contact with nature - affect  the health and wellbeing of building users. Facilities such as desk bikes and plants and services such as healthy food and drinks or healthy behaviour stimulating programs have a positive impact as well.
As a consequence, the design and management of healthy environments needs a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration between designers, corporate real estate and facility managers, human resource managers, IT specialists, and the involvement of different stakeholder such as clients and end users.
Moradia: um habitat saudável para a pandemia?
Authors: Felippe Maíra Longhinotti , Fonseca Raphaela Walger da , Dill Fernanda Machado , Favaretto Angela , Dorneles Vanessa Goulart , Correa Amanda Silveira , Pereira Fernando Oscar Ruttkay
Published: November 2021

A pandemia de COVID-19 impôs novos modos de relação entre as pessoas e seus ambientes e nos desafiou a avaliar e repensar o habitat humano de modo a acomodar e dar suporte a tais mudanças. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é abordar características físicas da moradia em sua relação com a satisfação ambiental no contexto da quarentena. Para tal, são apresentados os resultados de uma pesquisa da qual participaram 1858 pessoas, majoritariamente do Sul do Brasil, realizada por meio de questionário online aplicado de abril a maio de 2020, num momento de maior isolamento social no país. Os participantes caracteristicamente avaliaram a própria moradia de forma positiva, porém aspectos ligados à oferta de espaço e de acesso a elementos naturais (como plantas e luz natural) estiveram entre os mais citados como características deficientes da habitação. Além disso, condições inadequadas de iluminação estiveram relacionadas a alterações de padrão de sono ou nível de alerta. Observou-se ainda que moradores de casas, bem como residentes de habitações com mais quartos, apresentaram avaliações mais positivas da moradia como lugar para se passar a quarentena. Essas relações foram discutidas a partir do conhecimento acerca do papel que o controle da privacidade e o acesso a elementos naturais têm para a promoção de bem-estar, e por conseguinte, da satisfação. O estudo põe em ênfase a responsabilidade da arquitetura na promoção da qualidade de vida, permitindo repensar para um futuro próximo a adequabilidade dos contextos ambientais às condições do habitar humano.
Health Behavior Change Programs in Primary Care and Community Practices for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Risk Factor Management Among Midlife and Older Adults: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Laddu Deepika , Ma Jun , Kaar Jill , Ozemek Cemal , Durant Raegan W. , Campbell Tavis , Welsh Jean , Turrise Stephanie ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Behavioral Change for Improving Health Factors Committee of the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention and the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Hypertension; and Stroke Council
Published: November 2021

Cardiovascular disease predominates as the leading health burden among middle-aged and older American adults, but progress in improving cardiovascular health remains slow. Comprehensive, evidenced-based behavioral counseling interventions in primary care are a recommended first-line approach for promoting healthy behaviors and preventing poor cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Assisting patients to adopt and achieve their health promotion goals and arranging follow-up support are critical tenets of the 5A Model for behavior counseling in primary care. These 2 steps in behavior counseling are considered essential to effectively promote meaningful and lasting behavior change for primary cardiovascular disease prevention. However, adoption and implementation of behavioral counseling interventions in clinical settings can be challenging. The purpose of this scientific statement from the American Heart Association is to guide primary health care professional efforts to offer or refer patients for behavioral counseling, beyond what can be done during brief and infrequent office visits. This scientific statement presents evidence of effective behavioral intervention programs that are feasible for adoption in primary care settings for cardiovascular disease prevention and risk management in middle-aged and older adults. Furthermore, examples are provided of resources available to facilitate the widespread adoption and implementation of behavioral intervention programs in primary care or community-based settings and practical approaches to appropriately engage and refer patients to these programs. In addition, current national models that influence translation of evidence-based behavioral counseling in primary care and community settings are described. Finally, this scientific statement highlights opportunities to enhance the delivery of equitable and preventive care that prioritizes effective behavioral counseling of patients with varying levels of cardiovascular disease risk.
Growth and Physiological Responses of Four Plant Species to Different Sources of Particulate Matter
Authors: Kwon Kei-Jung , Odsuren Uuriintuya , Bui Huong-Thi , Kim Sang-Yong , Park Bong-Ju
Published: November 2021

Background and objective Particulate matter (PM) has a serious impact on health. Recently, studies are conducted to reduce PM in an environmentally friendly way using plants. This study investigated the physiological responses of plants and their ability to remove PM by continuously spraying different PM sources (loam, fly ash, carbon black) to four native plant species, such as Iris sanguinea, Pteris multifida, Vitis coignetiae, and Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki. Methods The four plant species were randomly placed in four chambers, and 0.1 g of different PM was injected into each chamber twice a week. We measured chlorophyll, carotenoid, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), total leaf area, amount of leaf wax, PM10 (sPM10) and PM2.5 (sPM2.5) on the leaf surface, and PM10 (wPM10) and PM2.5 (wPM2.5) on the wax layer. Results For I. sanguinea and V. coignetiae, the sources of PM did not affect the growth response. P. multifida showed high chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content in carbon black as well as high Fv/Fm and total leaf area, thereby proving that carbon black helped plant growth. By PM sources, sPM10 showed a significant difference in three plant species, sPM2.5 in two plant species, and wPM10 in one plant species, indicating that sPM10 was most affected by PM sources. Conclusion Carbon black increased the leaf area by affecting the growth of P. multifida. This plant can be effectively used for PM reduction by increasing the adsorption area. I. sanguinea and V. coignetiae can be used as economical landscaping plants since they can grow regardless of PM sources.
Analysis of Plant Species in Elementary School Textbooks in South Korea
Authors: Kwon Min Hyeong
Published: November 2021

Background and objective This study was conducted to find out the status of plant utilization in the current textbooks by analyzing the plants by grade and subject in the national textbooks for all elementary school grades in the 2015 revised curriculum in Korea. Methods The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel to obtain the frequency and ratio of collected plant data and SPSS for Windows 26.0 to determine learning content areas by grade and the R program was used to visualize the learning content areas. Results A total of 232 species of plants were presented 1,047 times in the national textbooks. Based on an analysis of the plants presented by grade, the species that continued to increase in the lower grades tended to decrease in the fifth and sixth grades, the upper grades of elementary school. As for the number and frequency of plant species by subject, Korean Language had the highest number and frequency of plant species. The types of presentation of plants in textbooks were mainly text, followed by illustrations and photos of plants, which were largely used in first grade textbooks. In addition, as for the area of learning contents in which plants are used, in the lower grades, plants were used in the linguistic domain, and in the upper grades, in the botanical and environmental domains of the natural sciences. Herbaceous plants were presented more than woody plants, and according to an analysis of the plants based on the classification of crops, horticultural crops were presented the most, followed by food crops. Out of horticultural crops, flowering plants were found the most diversity with 63 species, but the plants that appeared most frequently were fruit trees that are commonly encountered in real life. Conclusion As a result of this study, various plant species were included in elementary school textbooks, but most of them were horticultural crops encountered in real life depending on their use. Nevertheless, plant species with high frequency have continued a similar trend of frequency from the previous curriculums. Therefore, in the next curriculum, plant learning materials should be reflected according to social changes and students’ preference for plants.
Distribution of tiger salamanders in northern Sonora, Mexico: comparison of sampling methods and possible implications for an endangered subspecies
Authors: Hossack Blake R. , Lemos-Espinal Julio Alberto , Sigafus Brent H. , Muths Erin , Carreón Arroyo Gerardo , Toyos Martinez Daniel , Hurtado Félix David , Padilla Guillermo Molina , Goldberg Caren S. , Jones Thomas R. , Sredl Michael J. , Chambert Thierry , Rorabaugh James C.
Published: November 2021

Many aquatic species in the arid USA-Mexico borderlands region are imperiled, but limited information on distributions and threats often hinders management. To provide information on the distribution of the Western Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium), including the USA-federally endangered Sonoran Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium stebbinsi), we used traditional (seines, dip-nets) and modern (environmental DNA [eDNA]) methods to sample 91 waterbodies in northern Sonora, Mexico, during 2015-2018. The endemic Sonoran Tiger Salamander is threatened by introgressive hybridization and potential replacement by another sub-species of the Western Tiger Salamander, the non-native Barred Tiger Salamander (A. m. mavortium). Based on occupancy models that accounted for imperfect detection, eDNA sampling provided a similar detection probability (0.82 [95% CI: 0.56-0.94]) as seining (0.83 [0.46-0.96]) and much higher detection than dip-netting (0.09 [0.02-0.23]). Volume of water filtered had little effect on detection, possibly because turbid sites had greater densities of salamanders. Salamanders were estimated to occur at 51 sites in 3 river drainages in Sonora. These results indicate tiger salamanders are much more widespread in northern Sonora than previously documented, perhaps aided by changes in land and water management practices. However, because the two subspecies of salamanders cannot be reliably distinguished based on morphology or eDNA methods that are based on mitochondrial DNA, we are uncertain if we detected only native genotypes or if we documented recent invasion of the area by the non-native sub-species. Thus, there is an urgent need for methods to reliably distinguish the subspecies so managers can identify appropriate interventions.
Holomorphology and neotype designation of Microperla retroloba (Wu, 1937)
Authors: CHEN ZHI-TENG , DU SI-KAI , JIA XU , LIANG JU-PEN , YU JI-HUI
Published: November 2021

Microperla retroloba (Wu, 1937) is a poorly described species from Gansu Province of China and the types of which were apparently lost. Herein, a neotype of M. retroloba is designated based on new material from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region adjacent to Gansu Province. Male, female, larva and egg morphology of M. retroloba are described, illustrated and compared with all congeners.
Zaitzevia tangliangi sp. nov. a new riffle beetle from China (Coleoptera:Elmidae: Macronychini)
Authors: JIANG RI-XIN , WANG SHUO
Published: November 2021

A new riffle beetle of the genus Zaitzevia Champion, 1923, Z. tangliangi sp. nov. from Hubei Province, China is described. Habitus and other diagnostic features of the new species are described and illustrated. Habitat information and collection data of the new species are also provided.
Overlooked Current Estimation Biases Arising from the Lagrangian Argo Trajectory Derivation Method
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Du Yan , Wang Minyang
Published: November 2021

An Argo simulation system is used to provide synthetic Lagrangian trajectories based on the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Model, phase II (ECCO2). In combination with ambient Eulerian velocity at the reference layer (1000 m) from the model, quantitative metrics of the Lagrangian trajectory–derived velocities are computed. The result indicates that the biases induced by the derivation algorithm are strongly linked with ocean dynamics. In low latitudes, Ekman currents and vertically sheared geostrophic currents influence both the magnitude and the direction of the derivation velocity vectors. The maximal shear-induced biases exist near the equator with the amplitudes reaching up to about 1.2 cm s−1. The angles of the shear biases are pronounced in the low-latitude oceans, ranging from −8° to 8°. Specifically, the study shows an overlooked bias from the float drifting motions that mainly occurs in the western boundary current and Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) regions. In these regions, a recently reported horizontal acceleration measured via Lagrangian floats is significantly associated with the strong eddy–jet interactions. The acceleration could induce an overestimation of Eulerian current velocity magnitudes. For the common Argo floats with a 9-day float parking period, the derivation speed biases induced by velocity acceleration would be as large as 3 cm s−1, approximately 12% of the ambient velocity. It might have implications to map the mean middepth ocean currents from Argo trajectories, as well as to understand the dynamics of eddy–jet interactions in the ocean.
Influence of a Stay-At-Home Order on Trauma Volume and Injury Patterns at a Level I Trauma Center in Ohio
Authors: Huang Gregory S. , Chance Elisha A. , Dunham C. Michael
Published: November 2021

Background

Changes in injury patterns during the COVID pandemic have been reported in other states. The objective was to explore changes to trauma service volume and admission characteristics at a trauma center in northeast Ohio during a stay-at-home order (SAHO) and compare the 2020 data to historic trauma census data.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of adult trauma patients admitted to a level I trauma center in northeast Ohio. Trauma admissions from January 21 to July 21, 2020 (COVID period) were compared to date-matched cohorts of trauma admissions from 2018 to 2019 (historic period). The COVID period was further categorized as pre-SAHO, active-SAHO, and post-SAHO.

Results

The SAHO was associated with a reduction in trauma center admissions that increased after the SAHO ( P = .0033). Only outdoor recreational vehicle (ORV) injuries ( P = .0221) and self-inflicted hanging ( P = .0028) mechanisms were increased during the COVID period and had substantial effect sizes. Glasgow Coma Scores were lower during the COVID period ( P = .0286) with a negligible effect size. Violence-related injuries, injury severity, mortality, and admission characteristics including alcohol and drug testing and positivity were similar in the COVID and historic periods.

Discussion

The SAHO resulted in a temporary decrease in trauma center admissions. Although ORV and hanging mechanisms were increased, other mechanisms such as alcohol and toxicology proportions, injury severity, length of stay, and mortality were unchanged.
Shifting the Surgical Residency Match to a 100% Virtual Interview Format During the COVID-19 Pandemic, How has It Affected Placement Into Surgical Training Programs?
Authors: Newsome Kevin , Selvakumar Sruthi , McKenny Mark , Elkbuli Adel
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The AAMC transitioned to virtual interview formats for the 2020-2021 residency match. This study aims to examine the impact of the 100% virtual interview format for the 2020-2021 residency match on both application and match changes for multiple surgical specialties, including neurosurgery (NS), orthopedic surgery (OS), plastic surgery (PS), general surgery (GS), thoracic surgery (TS), and vascular surgery (VS).

Methods

Cross-sectional study comparing application and match changes between the in-person 2019-2020 and virtual 2020-2021 residency match cycles for different surgical specialties.

Results

There was an overall increase in the number of applicants for 5 of the surgery specialties but not VS, and an overall increase in the number of applications per residency program across all specialties. The average number of applications per applicant also increased, except in TS. There were no major match changes except in TS, which saw an increase in number of spots filled by MDs to nearly 100% from 84.2% in the previous cycle.

Conclusion

The switch to the 100% virtual 2020-2021 residency match interview format was associated with an overall increase in the number of applications per program and number of applications per applicant across multiple surgical specialties. There was a decrease in the number of applicants to VS and an increase in the number of applications per applicant. The switch to a virtual interview format in 2020-2021 was also associated with an increase in TS spots filled by MDs to almost 98%, increasing the already concerning TS match disparity for DO and IMG applicants.