bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turismo em “patrimônios de sofrimento”: história e memórias
Authors: Zanirato Silvia Helena
Published: October 2019

As associações entre memória e patrimônio são constantes na produção acadêmica e um pouco mais raras quando relativas a lugares que foram patrimonializados pela referência a memórias dolorosas de acontecimentos trágicos, convertidos em patrimônio cultural da humanidade. Visando contribuir com o tema, discorre-se no texto sobre as justificativas empregadas pela Unesco para a ativação desses lugares como patrimônio, assim como sobre as memórias ali contidas e os problemas enfrentados pela visitação turística que remetem aos desafios de pensar historicamente a relação entre memória e sofrimento.
El río Amazonas
Authors: Rodríguez Ardila Valeria
Published: October 2019

Las características físicas de Colombia en cuanto a su riqueza fluvial representan unas ventajas difíciles de igualar por otros países de la región, pero su manejo inadecuado y sin proyección impiden el desarrollo y la explotación requeridos. Para ello se deben establecer metas que, más allá de un resultado económico favorable, ubiquen el país a la vanguardia geopolítica del continente. De acuerdo con este escenario, el artículo se plantea la siguiente pregunta: ¿puede el río Amazonas, como corredor estratégico, proyectar a Colombia geopolíticamente en el espacio oceánico del Atlántico sur? Para responderla, se llevó a cabo una investigación propositiva y prospectiva, que expone cómo el Estado colombiano se debe proyectar en una región que aún no cuenta con una participación positiva en el escenario nacional.
Aportes de la Academia a legitimidad de la justicia en Colombia
Authors: Corcione Nieto Maria Antonieta , Fernandez-Osorio Andres Eduardo , Cabrera-Cabrera Leidy Johanna , Rojas Yaima Beyaert Camilo
Published: October 2019

La legitimidad de la justicia en Colombia pasa por uno de los momentos más desfavorables en la historia del país, debido a los altos niveles de corrupción y la falta de imparcialidad y credibilidad de las instituciones y actores llamados a preservarla. Una opción primordial para su restablecimiento está en la Academia, debido a su vocación de investigar objetivamente, con base en métodos y teorías con fundamento científico que no obedecen a poderes particulares. En este artículo se presenta un estudio de la producción de la academia en Colombia sobre la justicia, a partir del uso de herramientas bibliométricas, en contraste con los ocho factores determinados por el Proyecto de Justicia Mundial, para identificar el valor de sus aportes, su pertinencia y las dificultades a superar.
The Military Forces as an instrument of the socialization of the State
Authors: Giraldo Chaparro Fabian Ricardo
Published: October 2019

Most states continue building their Armed Forces with the premise of providing security for their citizens. This current process has motivated discussions from favorable and opposing positions. It has become a source of considerable disagreement between political parties, ethnic and religious groups, and even among generations. Because the Armed Forces are associated mainly with the use of force to obtain peace, the training of future military officers in the use of lethal means creates a contradiction in the eyes of many societies. This article demonstrates that the Armed Forces can be seen as a contributor to the socialization of any society. Moreover, they can be perceived as a source of moral strength and the foundation for the development of a nation on different levels.
Insisting on victory
Authors: Ünal Mustafa Coşar , Cafnik Uludağ Petra
Published: October 2019

In a COIN campaign, using the term victory, a military defeat of the enemy –in its classical definition– is highly problematic. A review of the Turkey-PKK conflict reveals that after Turkey’s pursuit of a unilateral military victory, the PKK pursued a broader socio-political campaign by relying on asymmetric warfare and indirectness in combat. Military victory did not successfully end the conflict; it only changed its nature. Therefore, we suggest that success is a better concept to assess states’ counterinsurgency campaigns. It focuses on political solutions and shifts perception from one-sided victory to a favorable outcome for all parties involved. Lastly, referring to the completed phases as a success offers better accuracy because the outcome in COIN is not merely a victory or a defeat.
Techno-Pest Control Berbasis IoT untuk Proteksi Tanaman Padi
Authors: Ratnawati Dianna , Setiadi Bayu Rahmat
Published: October 2019

Pest insects such as planthoppers and grasshoppers cannot be eradicated using pesticides. The objectives of this research are: (1) to produce a techno-pest control to repel or to exterminate planthopper and grasshopper pests; (2) to find out the impact of the use of said techno-pest control in controlling planthopper and grasshopper pests. The research methods being used is an experiment with a test-device at a distance of three and six meters. The technology being developed is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) which is set at a frequency of 40 kHz and is controlled via a smartphone. This technology is equipped with an IP camera to monitor the condition of the rice fields. The result of the trial at a distance of 3 meters could kill planthoppers and grasshoppers within 8 hours. Whereas at a distance of 6m it was able to kill planthoppers and grasshoppers within 13 hours. At the early stage, the insect pests showed a silent reaction because their metabolism was disrupted by the sound effects released by the device before the pests died. It can be concluded that techno-pest control is suitable to be used as an environmentally friendly technology to protect rice field from planthoppers and grasshoppers.Hama wereng dan belalang yang menyerang tanaman padi tidak mampu dimusnahkan dengan pertisida. Tujuan penelitian ini : (1) menghasilkan techno-pest control untuk mengusir/membasmi hama wereng dan belalang; (2) mengetahui dampak penggunaan techno-pest control dalam pengendalian hama wereng dan belalang. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan uji coba alat pada jarak 3m dan 6m. Teknologi yang dihasilkan berbasis IoT yang disetting pada frekuensi 40 kHz dan dikontrol melalui smartphone. Teknologi ini dilengkapi dengan IP camera sebagai monitoring kondisi sawah. Hasil uji coba pada jarak 3m mampu membunuh wereng dan belalang dalam waktu 8 jam. Sedangkan pada jarak 6m mampu membunuh wereng dan belalang dalam waktu 13 jam. Pada tahap awal hama menunjukkan reaksi diam karena metabolisme terganggu dengan efek suara yang dikeluarkan alat hingga hama mati. Sehingga dapat kesimpulan bahwa techno-pest control layak digunakan sebagai teknologi proteksi tanaman  padi dari hama wereng dan belalang yang ramah lingkungan.
Real-Time Access to Electronic Health Record via a Patient Portal: Is it Harmful? A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: van Kuppenveld Savannah IR , van Os-Medendorp Harmieke , Tiemessen Nicole AM , van Delden Johannes JM
Published: October 2019

Background

The rapid implementation of patient portals, through which patients can view their electronic health record, creates possibilities for information exchange and communication between patients and health care professionals. However, real-time disclosure of test results and clinical reports poses a source of concern.

Objective

This study aimed to examine negative experiences resulting from real-time disclosure of medical information through a patient portal.

Methods

Data were collected over a 2-year period in 4 datasets consisting of incidents reported by health care professionals, complaints of patients, patient issues at a portal helpdesk, and a survey among health care professionals. Incidents, complaints, issues, and answers on the survey were counted and analyzed through an iterative process of coding.

Results

Within the chosen time frame of 2 years, on average, 7978 patients per month logged into the portal at least once. The amount of negative incidents and complaints was limited. A total of 6 incidents, 4 complaints, and 2506 issues at the helpdesk concerning the patient portal were reported, of which only 2, 1, and 3 cases of these respective databases concerned real-time disclosure of medical information through the patient portal. Moreover, 32 out of 216 health care professionals reported patients that had negative experiences with real-time disclosure. Most negative consequences concerned confused and anxious patients when confronted with unexpected or incomprehensible results.

Conclusions

Real-time access through a patient portal did not substantially result in negative consequences. The negative consequences that did occur can be mitigated by adequate preparation and instruction of patients concerning the various functionalities of the patient portal, real-time disclosure of test results in particular, and can also be managed through educating health care professionals about the patient portal and making adjustments in the daily practice of health care professionals.
Trustworthy Health-Related Tweets on Social Media in Saudi Arabia: Tweet Metadata Analysis
Authors: Albalawi Yahya , Nikolov Nikola S , Buckley Jim
Published: October 2019

Background

Social media platforms play a vital role in the dissemination of health information. However, evidence suggests that a high proportion of Twitter posts (ie, tweets) are not necessarily accurate, and many studies suggest that tweets do not need to be accurate, or at least evidence based, to receive traction. This is a dangerous combination in the sphere of health information.

Objective

The first objective of this study is to examine health-related tweets originating from Saudi Arabia in terms of their accuracy. The second objective is to find factors that relate to the accuracy and dissemination of these tweets, thereby enabling the identification of ways to enhance the dissemination of accurate tweets. The initial findings from this study and methodological improvements will then be employed in a larger-scale study that will address these issues in more detail.

Methods

A health lexicon was used to extract health-related tweets using the Twitter application programming interface and the results were further filtered manually. A total of 300 tweets were each labeled by two medical doctors; the doctors agreed that 109 tweets were either accurate or inaccurate. Other measures were taken from these tweets’ metadata to see if there was any relationship between the measures and either the accuracy or the dissemination of the tweets. The entire range of this metadata was analyzed using Python, version 3.6.5 (Python Software Foundation), to answer the research questions posed.

Results

A total of 34 out of 109 tweets (31.2%) in the dataset used in this study were classified as untrustworthy health information. These came mainly from users with a non-health care background and social media accounts that had no corresponding physical (ie, organization) manifestation. Unsurprisingly, we found that traditionally trusted health sources were more likely to tweet accurate health information than other users. Likewise, these provisional results suggest that tweets posted in the morning are more trustworthy than tweets posted at night, possibly corresponding to official and casual posts, respectively. Our results also suggest that the crowd was quite good at identifying trustworthy information sources, as evidenced by the number of times a tweet’s author was tagged as favorited by the community.

Conclusions

The results indicate some initially surprising factors that might correlate with the accuracy of tweets and their dissemination. For example, the time a tweet was posted correlated with its accuracy, which may reflect a difference between professional (ie, morning) and hobbyist (ie, evening) tweets. More surprisingly, tweets containing a kashida—a decorative element in Arabic writing used to justify the text within lines—were more likely to be disseminated through retweets. These findings will be further assessed using data analysis techniques on a much larger dataset in future work.
Medicine and AI: what does the future hold for internists? (Preprint)
Authors: Galland Joris , Ducharme-Bénard Stéphanie
Published: October 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

The exponential development of AI is due to the improvement of processor computing power, deep learning technology, and the free sharing of Big Data. AI can learn independently, without human intervention, and gains ground in medicine: image processing, diagnosis and treatment of cancer through genome study, vaccine development, histological analyses, predictive analyses, etc. Nevertheless, the medical literature considered that AI cannot replace the physician who is essential for social interaction and clinical examination. What will happen in the 2020s? Many improvements are reported in the development of AI: the increase of computing power, the use of new algorithm technologies based on neuroscience, etc. We imagine 4 possible hypotheses for the future: 1) the physician and AI are complementary; the physician examines and interacts with the patient, and AI helps for diagnosis and treatment, 2) AI becomes a “strong” AI, mimics empathy and feelings, and replaces the physician, 3) AI does not progress. The practice of medicine changes very little. AI only interprets imaging studies or acts as a prognostic aid, 4) AI allows transhumanism to flourish. Humans are grafted with neural implants that increase their cognitive functions, allowing them to remain competitive against AI.
The Role of Negative Personality Traits in Psychological Adaptation
Authors: Черткова Юлия , Chertkova Yuliya , Егорова Марина , Yegorova Marina
Published: October 2019

The paper reflects one of the aspects of the research carried out within the framework of the project “Nature of variability of negative personality traits: a twin study”. The research reviews the adaptive component of negative personal traits. The sample of the study consisted of 136 members of monozygotic twins and 401 only children in their families aged 18-78. Life satisfaction was a generalized metric of psychological adaptation. It is shown that a number of negative personality traits (in particular, narcissism, authoritarianism) positively correlate with life satisfaction. The biased value of various personality traits, which can also indirectly serve as an indicator of adaptability of these psychological properties, was assessed using a semantic differential. The age-related changes in the perfect image of the self, which are associated primarily with some more attractive negative personal traits, as well as the multidirectional desired changes in personality traits in themselves and the twin (more power and conflict in themselves and less of the same in the brother/sister) also indicate that a number of negative personal traits play a positive role in psychological adaptation. It is assumed that these traits can have a compensatory function during stress, and the destructiveness of these traits can have a greater impact on people around than on themselves.
Hetman Ivan Mazepa and the Russian Government in 1706–1708: Debates about the Breach Causes
Authors: Кочегаров Кирилл , Kochegarov Kirill
Published: October 2019

The research describes the latest trends in the study of the complex and ambiguous period of the Russian-Ukrainian relationships before the treason by the hetman Mazepa in the fall of 1708. The historiography features different points of view on the causes and prerequisites of this event. A particular focus is given to those of them, which were somehow linked with the attitude of the Russian government to the hetman Mazepa, the Ukrainian Cossacks and the whole Little Russia. The classic narrative of the genesis of “Mazepa’s treason” is based on a well-known source – the letter written by F. Orlik to the Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky. The author explores the most crucial reasons of Mazepa's defect to the Swedish side described in the version taking into account the latest insights into the Russian-Ukrainian relationships in 1704–1708 backed up by the previously unknown archival records. This research, on the one hand, demonstrates the inconsistency of attempts to supplement and develop the ideology of Orlik's letter with some concepts of “reforms” aimed at destroying the autonomy of Little Russia, on the other, clarifies the real level of conflict in the Russian-Ukrainian relationships, which itself was clearly insufficient for the acute crisis. Therefore, it was triggered by an external factor: the invasion of Russia by Charles XII.
Framework Strategy for the Formation of Industry 4.0 in the Today’s Russia
Authors: Попкова Елена , Popkova Elena , Рагулина Юлия , Ragulina Yuliya
Published: October 2019

The paper reflects the authors’ definition of Industry 4.0 bringing together all its key distinctive features underlined in the framework of diverse conceptual approaches. According to this definition, Industry 4.0 is a process of modernizing the economy using the latest ICT (such as the IoT) together with networkization and integration for the better manufacture and distribution processes through ensuring their individualization, interactivity and high resource efficiency. The authors have developed a framework strategy for the formation of Industry 4.0 in the today’s Russia. The subjects of its practical implementation are the government and businesses. The strategy is rolled out through the mechanisms of public-private partnerships, risk management and integration of entrepreneurship. The anticipated outcomes of practical implementation of the developed strategy include better levels and people’s quality of life, global competitiveness of the Russian economy and national economic security (preventing dependency on imports) in the long term.
Theory of Mediation as a Branch of Knowledge
Authors: Козюк Михаил , Kozyuk Mikhail
Published: October 2019

Today, the national social science features fast-paced studies on the theory of mediation. However, the branch status of this area is still obscure, which affects the quality of research. The paper explores various approaches to the definition of this status with a critical eye. Particular attention is paid to the thesis on the interdisciplinarity of the mediation theory. The author shows the consequences of classifying the mediation theory as an interdisciplinary branch. It is also troublesome, from the author’s point of view, to refer mediation purely to law. Mediation refers to phenomena that originate from social technologies ordering social relations and removing social conflicts. Only sociology and history can become the foundation of a new scientific branch. However, the mediation theory must first pass the stage of disciplinary constitutionalization, since its close interaction with many modern branches of knowledge would mean dissolution in them.
Friends or Foes: Social and Psychological Adaptation of Fellow Nationals in Russia
Authors: Гриценко Валентина , Gricenko Valentina , Бражник Юлия , Brazhnik Yuliya , Ефременкова Мария , Efremenkova Mariya , Катровский Александр , Katrovskiy Aleksandr , Ковалёва Юлия , Kovaleva Yuliya , Муращенкова Надежда , Muraschenkova Nadezhda , Смотрова Татьяна , Smotrova Tat'yana
Published: October 2019

The paper describes the findings of an empirical study of migrants-members of the government program, which aims at assisting the voluntary resettlement of fellow nationals living abroad to the Russian Federation. It identifies the motivations of decision-making by fellow nationals and their families concerning the resettlement to Russia. The authors establish the common and specific laws of the socio-psychological adaptation of this category of migrants in the host society, depending on the voluntariness/forcedness of their resettlement, and determine the system of factors contributing to the success of the socio-psychological adaptation of fellow nationals in the new environment.

Among the ethno-cultural and socio-psychological factors, there are the cultural-value proximity of fellow nationals to the host population, a positive image of Russia and the country of origin, a positive social (ethnic) identity, the preparedness to interact with the new environment. Among the socio-geographic factors, there are satisfaction with the climate and environment of the places of settlement, their geographic proximity to the infrastructure of the district, regional and capital centers.

The research proves the system-determining influence on the success of adaptation of individual-personal factors, such as awareness of personal responsibility for the choices made, the ability to perceive one’s life as meaningful and important, the open character of communications; the importance of the values of “openness to changes” and “self-identity”, the predominant use of constructive problem-solving and emotionally-focused coping strategies, a strong desire for professional and social self-fulfillment.
P.J. Marperger and His Work “Moscowitischer Kaufmann…” (1723)
Authors: Беспятых Юрий , Bespyatykh Yuri , Кирющенко Николай , Kiryuschenko Nikolay
Published: October 2019

The scope of work carried out by the German scholar and entrepreneur P.J. Marperger is much broader than its title and represents a sort of a reference for foreign business people, who arrived in Russia, steering them through the country. The author, using authentic documents, oral sources and, possibly, his own observations, provided extensive information about the international commerce as such, trade laws and rules, features of the Russian customs, types of coins, common measures and weights. He also (mainly, referring to the available Western European literature in English, French and Latin) obtained in-depth insights into the internal and overseas political and military history of our country, depicted its geography with natural and climatic conditions, the largest cities, rivers, lakes and seas; described the living conditions, way of living and manners, customs and religious preferences of the peoples living in the country. P.J. Marperger introduces readers to the convenient ways of quick traveling of travelers and postal officers through the empire. A special chapter is the Russian-German dictionary and phrasebook.
Field Research of Man-Made Landscapes on the Periphery of the Asian Bosporan Kingdom
Authors: Ворошилов Алексей , Voroshilov Aleksey , Батченко Виктория , Batchenko Viktoriya , Дрыга Данила , Dryga Danila , Горланов Сергей , Gorlanov Sergey
Published: October 2019

The paper reports on the possibilities of using, perhaps, one of the most cutting-edge non-destructive methods — photogrammetry of settlement structures and individual archeological sites.
Russian National Research and Practice Conference with International Participants “Piles of Bones: Paleoanthropology, Bioarcheology, Paleogenetics” (Saint Petersburg, October, 8–13, 2018)
Authors: Хартанович Валерий , Hartanovich Valeriy , Герасимов Дмитрий , Gerasimov Dmitriy
Published: October 2019

Genesis and historical development of ancient and modern Eurasian and American popu­lations based on advanced literary data on paleoanthropology, paleogenetics, osteometry, paleopathology, paleodemography, paleoecology and bioarcheology, as well as specific dentition and dermatoglyphics of populations of various epochs and areas. International Workshop “The Southern Oleny Island (Lake Onega) — Basic Landmark of Study of Culture and Popu­lation History of the Stone Age Northern Europe Population” hosted by the conference is the first scientific arrangement dedicated to monographic study of materials related to the unique historical site.
Dissertation Culture of Russian Universities of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Алеврас Наталия , Alevras Nataliya , Гришина Наталья , Grishina Natal'ya , Выдрин Олег , Vydrin Oleg
Published: October 2019

Relying on the notion of “dissertation culture”, the authors focus on the emergence of academic environment at Russian universities. The dissertation culture is considered as an organic segment/locus of the overall university space of Russia of the 19th — early 20th centuries. With regard to the dissertation experience of historians in the covered period, several plots are proposed. In particular, the paper provides the interpretation of the legislative and regulatory framework of the dissertation system, a selective analysis of the database based on the authors and their dissertations on historical sciences. The authors demonstrate the core institutional phenomena of the dissertation culture, expressing the initiatives of the historical and academic community in the training of highly qualified scientists by way of dissertation disputes and institutes for the examination of dissertations.
Category of Time and the Concept of Ideal Residence of the Monarch in the Architecture of the Great Livadia Palace
Authors: Слюнькова Инесса , Slyun'kova Inessa
Published: October 2019

The paper describes the findings of some new historical and architectural surveys of the great Livadia Palace in H2 of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Belonging to the Russian monarchs — from Alexander II to Nicholas II — the building is a monument of architecture and the landmark of the palace and park ensemble in the Crimea. For the first time, the equal focus was given to the original and the new palace that replaced it and was built according to the designs of architects I.A. Monighetti (1866) and M.P. Krasnov (1911), a graphical comparative analysis of layouts was carried out. The author has used the newly discovered archival materials and graphic sources, which indicate the replacement of one palace by another and allow raising the question of similarity lines and fundamental differences between the architecture of the old and the new buildings, due to the content of the order and the unbiased historical course of time. The author dwells upon the interaction of the new art of symbolism in the early 20th century with the architectural texts of the past. She hypothesizes about the search for the artistic equivalent of existential perception of time in the architecture.
Socio-Psychological Approach to the Study of Personal Infantilism
Authors: Микляева Анастасия , Miklyaeva Anastasiya
Published: October 2019

This paper describes the socio-psychological approach to the study of personal infantilism. The author confirms the relevance of applying the methods of social constructionism in the research focused on this issue and offers to interpret personal infantilism as a pole of the binary social construct “personal maturity — personal infantilism”, which helps to evaluate the conformity or discrepancy between the achieved level of personal development and the standards of a “mature personality”. It is shown that the consistent application of the socio-psychological approach to the study of personal infantilism can largely expand the field of research of this phenomenon and, in particular, help to explore its content and determinants at various levels of analysis: social, interpersonal and intrapersonal. The theoretical assumptions are illustrated by the empirical research findings that reveal the contents of the construct “personal maturity — personal infantilism”, the phenomenology of personal infantilism at different stages of life, specific to each stage of life infantilizing practices, the role of self-assessment in the continuum “mature personality — infantile personality” in the human regulation of one’s own social behaviour. The author describes the limitations of the socio-psychological approach to the study of personal infantilism and the ways to overcome them.
Indian Artistic Communities and Trance Practices: Local Traditions of Gujarat, Assam and Kerala
Authors: Рыжакова Светлана , Ryzhakova Svetlana
Published: October 2019

The paper provides a comprehensive comparative cultural and anthropological study of Indian artistic communities — dynasties of musicians, dancers, actors, performers of epic legends playing ritual drama, martial arts masters. A peculiar common Indian feature is the combination of three factors in their activity: artistic skills passed during regular training; religious service (most artistic activities are in one way or another devoted to certain cults and/or turn out to be part of ceremonies) and skills of controlled trance, specific psychophysical states, which in this case include on-stage reincarnation and the ability to impact spectators. The ethnographic material obtained during the expedition helps to trace the social and psychological features of some dynasties of artistic communities.
Russian Archaeology in Palestine
Authors: Беляев Леонид , Belyaev Leonid
Published: October 2019

The paper summarizes the findings of the historiographic and archaeological fieldwork focused on the preservation and development of the scientific heritage of the Russian scientists of the 19th — early 20th centuries in the area of the Syro-Palestinian region that most closely matches the concept of the “Holy Land”. The author identifies three core directions of development in the Russian archaeology: field study of the traces of the Russian pilgrims, scientists, representatives of the government and the Orthodox Church; study of antiquities in some Russian areas; insights into the heritage of the 19th — early 20th centuries as historical sources with its further inclusion in the system of modern scientific knowledge. The paper describes the findings obtained to date (including the interim results of excavations in Jericho, the scientific interpretation of a number of artefacts from the collection of Antonin Kapustin, the first catalogues of archaeological sites in the Russian areas). The author focuses on expanding fieldwork, classifying and attributing antiquities, launching them in circulation at the level of modern science, creating a monograph on the history of the Russian studies in the 19th — early 20th centuries.
Philosophy and Branches of Law: Issues of Convergence
Authors: Бочкарёв Сергей , Bochkarev Sergey
Published: October 2019

Using historical materials, the author demonstrates that the persistent and acute interest of philosophers to law has turned spurred the emergence of a legal outlook, and then a universal basis ensuring both sustainability and the dynamic development of legal thinking. Further, it is shown that understanding the origin of the legal thought is present mainly at the general theoretical level, while in specific branches of law, the opposite is observed. They lack a request for philosophical knowledge. It is specifically exemplified that the theories of branches of law feature a widespread tendency to avoid or reject philosophical experience. Exploring the gap between philosophical and legal thought, the author reveals that the relations between them are driven by rational, irrational and mega-irrational factors. The core source of these factors is positivism as a worldview, which, as early as in the 19th century, was chosen as a key approach to the learning of law and since then has not been critically viewed in the branches of law. The author reveals errors and costs of positivism, the core idea of which lies in the rejection of philosophy as a source of knowledge and in asserting the self-sufficiency of industry experience. In order to shape the philosophy of the branches of law, the researcher proposes to focus on a human being and look for a source of inspiration in him/her to address philosophical issues.
Fast Method of Diagonal Sliding Spatial Frequency Processing of Discrete Signals
Authors: Ponomareva O. V. , Ponomarev A. V.
Published: October 2019

Разработан метод диагональной обработки двумерных дискретных сигналов в пространственно-частотной области – метод диагонально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье. Рассмотрен математический аппарат прямого двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье в матричной и алгебраической форме. Разработан эффективный метод и алгоритм диагонально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье, который позволяет вычислять коэффициенты данного преобразования в реальном масштабе времени. Проведена оценка эффективности алгоритма диагонально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье с точки зрения вычислительных затрат в сравнении с известными алгоритмами. В результате экспериментальных исследований на модельных двумерных дискретных сигналах доказана обоснованность, эффективность и достоверность предложенного метода и алгоритма горизонтально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье. Проведено сравнение разработанного метода диагонально скользящего двумерного дискретного преобразования Фурье со стандартным методом получения коэффициентов двумерного дискретного преобразования с точки зрения вычислительных затрат. Построены поверхности относительной экономии вычислений в разработанном алгоритме в сравнении со стандартным алгоритмом горизонтально скользящей обработки двумерных дискретных сигналов.
Shooting Simulator «Inhibitor»: Software for Weapon Studying
Authors: Egorov S. F. , Osipov N. I. , Kiznertsev S. R.
Published: October 2019

Цикл статей подробно описывает программное обеспечение тактического тренажера оптико-электронного для стрелкового оружия «Ингибитор», разработанного в Институте механики УдмФИЦ УрО РАН и на кафедре «Вычислительная техника» ИжГТУ имени М. Т. Калашникова совместно с ОАО «Концерн «Ижмаш».Проведен обзор электронных стрелковых тренажеров широкого диапазона стоимости и функционального назначения, производящихся в России, таких как «Рубин», «Боец», «Профи» и т. д., и широко использующихся в структурах МВД, в школах, для подготовки спортсменов и охотников, и особенно уделено внимание тренажеру «1У35» для войсковых подразделений.  Проанализирована возможность проводить теоретическое и практическое обучение по устройству оружия и правилам стрельбы.Приводится тактико-техническое задание на разработку программного обеспечения изучения оружия и правил стрельбы (ПО обучения), описано содержание и алгоритм работы с программным обеспечением, структура базы данных и ее наполненность.  Разработаны тестовые задания для проверки качества усвоенного материала как теоретического плана, так и практического (виртуальные системы сборки-разборки оружия).Сделан вывод о перспективности дальнейших исследований и усовершенствовании электронных стрелковых тренажеров благодаря техническому развитию и удешевлению используемых компонент и доступности программных библиотек с целью повышения точности тренажеров, расширения функциональных возможностей, в том числе и программы обучения, снижения себестоимости и, значит, повышения конкурентоспособности.
Aperiodic Discrete Fourier Transform in Problems of Measuring the Energy Spectrum of Random Signals
Authors: Ponomareva O. V.
Published: October 2019

В работе исследуются два взаимосвязанных, но не подменяющих друг друга направления в измерении энергетического спектра случайных дискретных сигналов, стационарных по А. Я. Хинчину: частотный подход и корреляционный подход. Рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки каждого из подходов. В работе проводится следующее разделение оценок характеристик случайных дискретных сигналов, стационарных в широком смысле: выборочная оценка (оценка, полученная в конкретном эксперименте, «estimates»), оценка, рассматриваемая как случайная величина («estimators»), истинные (теоретические) значения характеристик стационарных случайных сигналов («the theoretical value»). Исследуется два варианта интерпретации  реализации случайного дискретного сигнала на конечном интервале , : как значение  (здесь  – символ операции транспонирования) -мерной случайной величины , и как отрезок ,  случайного дискретного сигнала  на конечном интервале. Доказано, что оценка энергетического спектра случайного дискретного сигнала на конечном интервале , полученная с помощью ДПФ, не является преобразованием оценки апериодической корреляционной функции, а является преобразованием некой новой оценки корреляционной функции – циклической корреляционной функции. В работе предложено решение возникающих при этом проблем путем введения нового преобразования – апериодического дискретного преобразования Фурье.
Конструктивные решения высотного здания «Лахта Центр»в Санкт-Петербурге
Authors: ILyukhina Elena , Lakhman Sergey , Miller Alexey , Travush Vladimir
Published: October 2019

В статье описываются конструкции административного здания комплекса «Лахта Центр» высотой 462 м. Конусоо­бразное здание имеет в плане форму пятиконечной звезды, с этажами в виде пяти квадратных «лепестков», соединённых между собой и с круглым центральным ядром. По мере увели­чения высотной отметки квадратные «лепестки» вращаются вокруг своей оси против часовой стрелки с поворотом в пределах каждого этажа на угол 0,82 градуса. Железобе­тонное центральное ядро и сталежелезобетонные колонны опираются на коробчатый фундамент, располагаемый на 264 сваях диаметром 2,0 м.
Дизайн архитектурной среды – архитектурная профессия
Authors: Efimov Andrey
Published: October 2019

Архитектура прошлого получала «прививки» рациональ­ного и художественного свойства, позволяющие ей создавать различные виды сред. Художник Поль Сезанн не разделял в живописи объект и его фон. На языке архитектуры это означа­ет, что нельзя разрывать архитектурный объём и окружающее пространство, которые во взаимодействии приобретают ка­чество архитектурной среды. Течения пластических искусств XX-XXI веков повлияли на развитие дизайна и архитектуры. Существовал механизм перехода от живописи к рельефу, объёму и далее - к объёмно-пространственному окружению.

Архитектура уступила живописи роль лидера нового формообразования. Движение к абстракции стало основной тенденцией эволюции пластических искусств.

В СССР дизайнер исследовал среду, связанную с реальной жизнью людей. В МАРХИ была создана кафедра «Художе­ственное проектирование средовых комплексов», позднее - «Дизайн архитектурной среды» (ДАС). Основное направление её деятельности - проектирование архитектурной среды с объектами капитальной и некапитальной архитектуры, ком­плексного благоустройства, монументально-декоративного искусства, техническими сооружениями в их цветосветовом выражении.

Международный опыт говорит о крепнущем сотрудниче­стве архитекторов и дизайнеров. Проблема цветосветовой среды города, имеющая двухсотлетнюю историю, за редким исключением пока не осознана отечественными архитектора­ми, игнорирующими богатый зарубежный опыт перетекания цветовой среды города днём в искусственную световую среду вечером.

В статье приведены примеры формирования городской среды, выполненные студентами кафедры ДАС МАРХИ.

Архитектура и дизайн начали слышать друг друга. Ствол архитектуры существенно укрепился за счёт взаимодействия с дизайном. Это говорит о её потенциальном развитии, что было отмечено Международной комиссией ЮНЕСКО.
Вызовы современности и изменение границ архитектуры
Authors: Khudin Alexander
Published: October 2019

Статья посвящена проблемам определения и изменения границ архитектуры. Демонстрируется графическая модель развития архитектуры в едином временном масштабе, по­зволяющая осмыслить реальные границы современного этапа истории зодчества. Предлагается бинарная логика формирования принципов архитектуры, которая позволяет рассмотреть диалектически связанные противопоставления её элементов. Базовые элементы архитектуры формируют четырёхчастную материалистическую «молекулярную» модель профессии. Она включает в себя экологию, технику, комфорт, экономику и формирует соответствующие им понятия  бла­гоустройство, безопасность, сообразность, целесообразность. Демонстрируется изменение «веса» базовых элементов архитектуры в различные этапы её развития, и соответству­ющее изменение границ профессии. Также рассматриваются такие элементы архитектуры, как этика, красота, гуманизм, гармония, которые формируют своеобразное ядро архитек­туры  специфическую сущность архитектурной профессии. Анализируются центробежные процессы современного этапа развития архитектуры, её расчленения на отдельные части. Рассматриваются актуальные вызовы современности, оказы­вающие существенное влияние на архитектуру и изменяющие её границы. К ним отнесены: глобализация, которая приводит к появлению «новых» стереотипов; информатизация, которая создаёт эффект общедоступности профессии; экологизация, которая подчас далека от достижения провозглашаемых ею принципов; субъективизм, который порождает теории хаоса, нигилизм и деконструктивизм; развитие идеологии общества потребления, которое рассматривает архитектуру как товар; технологический оптимизм, который зачастую теряет признаки гуманизма. Вскрывается влияние вызовов современности на изменение структуры и границ архитектуры. Сопоставляются «молекулярная», «центробежная» и «космогоническая» модели архитектуры и особенности их реализации. Намечаются под­ходы к совершенствованию модели профессии[1].

 

[1] Статья написана на материалах доклада на Общем собрании РААСН 2018 года.
К проблеме эволюции пространственных форм архитектуры в контексте научно-технологических достижений
Authors: Kasyanov Nikolay
Published: October 2019

Для архитектурной теории важно изучение фундамен­тальных механизмов формообразования и самой формы в контексте современных данных и концепций различных обла­стей науки. Подходы, используемые классической геометрией и «новыми», неевклидовыми геометриями могут быть в опреде­лённой мере применены для развития пространственного по­тенциала архитектуры и градостроительства. Инновационные пространственные формы возникают и развиваются на стыке науки и искусства, инженерии и зодчества. Рассматриваемая область исследований связана с различными научными обла­стями и специализациями, включающими геоинформатику, био­логию, математику, кристаллографию, инженерную геометрию и компьютерное моделирование. Инновационные технологии и новый инструментарий научной и практической работы проектировщика меняют принципы и концепции построения архитектурного пространства. В частности, проектирование чрезвычайно сложных с геометрической точки зрения кон­струкций было бы невозможным без развития компьютерных технологий. Междисциплинарный подход позволяет выявить спектр неизвестных ранее геометрических форм, вариантов за­полнения и разбиения двумерной поверхности и трёхмерного пространства. Интеграция и конвергенция научных достиже­ний, инженерного искусства и архитектуры нередко ведут к возникновению новаторских форм. Основные геометриче­ские закономерности едины в живой и неживой природе - в естественном и антропогенном мире, включая архитектуру, от микро- до макроуровня; при этом современное экологическое мышление осознаёт земную биосферу как интегрированное целое. Исследования актуализируются наступлением нового технологического уклада и синтезом технологий, размывающим границы между виртуальным и физическим миром. Данная тема носит теоретический характер; потенциально возможно применение результатов в учебной практике и эксперимен­тальном проектировании[1].

 

[1] Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения фундаментального научного исследования за счёт средств Государственной программы Российской Федерации «Развитие науки и технологий» на 2013-2020 годы по Плану фундаментальных научных исследований Минстроя России и РААСН, тема 1.4.6. «Технологии и проблемы формообразования в архитектурной теории и учебном процессе».
Patogenia de la Infecciones Virales II
Authors: Collao Ximena , Faúndes Nicolás
Published: October 2019

Patogenia a nivel de individuo.
A COMPLETE NMR STUDY OF DOXAZOSIN CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Gonçalves Itamar Luís , Maier Gaelzer Mariana , Oliveira de Azambuja Gabriel , Gazzana Salbego Christianne , Eifler-Lima Vera Lucia
Published: October 2019

Doxazosin is an important drug used for treating hypertension and prostatic hyperplasia. An enantiomeric mixture (R)/(S) doxazosin mesylate was complete characterized by NMR and additionally FT-IR spectroscopy techniques. Were performed different NMR experiments, such as APT, HSQC, and HMBC in order to confirm the NMR signals assignments. All the hydrogens and the most of carbons atoms were assigned.
QUANTIFICATION OF ATROPINE IN LEAVES OF ATROPA BELLADONNA: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF METHOD BY HIGH-PERFOMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC)
Authors: Koetz Mariana , Santos Thalita Gilda , Rayane Magda , Henriques Amélia Teresinha
Published: October 2019

The leaves of Atropa belladonna (L) are characterized by the presence of the alkaloid atropine, known for the antimuscarinic activity. The leaves are used in therapy, mainly  in homeopathic preparations. An HPLC method was developed and validated to quantify atropine in belladonna leaves. The samples were extracted with methanol, followed by acid-base extraction with 5% HCl and dichloromethane. Analysis by HPLC was performed on C18 column, in a linear gradient system using a system with two mobile phases (water and acetonitrile), both acidified with trifluoroacetic acid. The determinations were performed using a reference standard and a diode array detector at 210 nm. The method was validated and proved to be specific / selective, comparing the UV profiles and the purity of the atropine peaks in reference and sample solutions and analyzing sample solutions with and without addition of standard, which produced an increase only of the area of peak of the sample, without changing the area of the adjacent peaks. The linearity (50 - 200 μg/mL) was provided by analysis of the analytical curves of atropine, with r2 = 0.9996. LOD and LOQ were 3.75 and 11.4 µg/ml, respectively. The method was precise, reproducible and accurate, and presented recovery equal to 103.0%. The method was considered robust for the analyzed parameters. Four commercial samples were analyzed and the mean levels of atropine found ranged from 0.16 - 0.27 %. Thus, the developed method is effective for quantification of atropine in beladona leaves and meets the validation requirements of current legislation and ensuring the quality control of the plant material.
QUANTIFICATION OF THE COMPONENTS IN COMMERCIAL ESSENTIAL OIL OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS LABILL. BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY – GC-FID AND GC-MS
Authors: Anders Apel Miriam , A.F. Rodrigues Rodney , Lira Soares Luiz Alberto , Henriques Amélia Terezinha
Published: October 2019

Leaves of Eucalytus globulus Labill are characterized by the presence of essential oil, in which 1,8-cineole is the main component. The oil is used as an expectorant for symptomatic treatment of mild inflammation of the respiratory tract and bronchitis. This work addresses the chemical quantification of the constituents of E. globulus essential oil by gas chromatography. Commercial samples were diluted and analyzes by gas chromatograph coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The chromatographic separation was performed on a fused silica capillary (LM-20, 30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm film thickness) column. The proposed GC-FID method has demonstrated to have specificity and high sensitivity. The quantitation by the normalization technique demonstrated to be adequate for the analysis. Thus, the proposed method is effective for the quantification of E. globulus oil constituents, which may help in the quality control of commercial formulations.