bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW 1, 3-DI METHYL SUBSTITUTED GUANIDINE WITH POSSIBLE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Rawat Bhupender Singh , Mehra S. C.
Published: June 2019

The compounds containing thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, imidazole, pyrimidine, pyridine & benzothiazole rings have been found to exhibit broad spectrum of biological activities.Derivatives of 1, 2, 4-thiadiazole and 1, 2, 4-thiadiazolidines exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity1. Thiazolyl guanidines2 and various substituted aryl guanidine’s have been found to exhibit antibacterial & antifungal activities3.Keeping all these views in mind attempts were made to synthesized some new 1,3-di methyl Substituted Guanidine.In the present work 2,4 Dimethyl -3,5-(di Aryl imino)-1,2,4-thiadiazolidines were prepared by nitrous acid oxidation of N-methyl –N Aryl thiourea4 & 2,4 dimethyl-3,5-(diaryl imino)-1,2,4-thiazolidines were converted to corresponding 1,3 di methyl substituted guanidine’s by their acid catalyzed re-arrangment5.(Scheme-1)Antibacterial & Antifungal activity of the title compounds were evaluated against two bacteria, E.coli & lactobacillus & two fungi, A.Brassicicola & Aspergillus Niger. N=methyl-N`-Aryl thiourea (1-10) were prepared by refluxing a mixture of different 2-Amino Heterocyclic moieties with methyl iso thiocyanate in Ethanol.A mixture of compound (1-100 and conc. HCl, ethanol was added drop wise & under stirring to a solution of NaNO2 in water afforded 2, 4-dimethyl-3,5-(di Aryl imino)-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine (11-20) afforded 1,3 di methyl substituted guanidine’s (21-30). Structures of the compounds were established by elemental analysis & spectral data.
SYNTHETIC AND SPECTRAL STUDIES OF COMPLEXING BEHAVIOR OF ISOTHIO CYANATO COMPLEXES OF 4 [N-4-ETHOXY BENZALIDINE AMINO] ANTIPYRINE (C20H21N3O2)
Authors: Chaudhary Sakshi
Published: June 2019

Trivalent Lanthanides behave as hard acid and thus are expected to form stronger stable complexes with ligands having N-donor atoms. Coordination number less than six are uncommon for the lanthanides. Substituted Pyrazolones have been reported to posses’ strong pharmaceutical properties.Complexes were prepared by adding 40 ml hot ethanolic solution of ligand (3M mol) to ethanolic solution of lanthanide (III) isothiocyanate (1M mol). Molar conduction, molecular weight, magnetic susceptibility, infrared and electronic spectroscopy were used to characterization of newly synthesized complexes
IMPROVE THE NATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYSACCHARIDES BY GRAFTING THROUGH THE GAMMA RADIATION: A REVIEW
Authors: Kumar Deepak
Published: June 2019

Polysaccharides are bio-degradable, inexpensive and easily available from consistent agricultural resources. Polysaccharides and their derivatives represent a group of polymer widely used in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. The biodegradability of natural polymers reduces their shelf life. Grafting copolymerization technique is a most effective fascinating way for chemical modification of native characteristics of polysaccharides with maximum possibilities for improving the properties of polysaccharides and enhanced the range of exploitation.While the major difficulty facing us during synthesizing a graft copolymers reaction, is the lack of commercial methods of synthesis and lower percent graft yield. It is well known that the most important methods of synthesis engage the employ of chemical free radical initiator i.e. conventional based methods. Graft copolymerization through γ-radiation method is a better method of grafting in comparison to a chemical method and exhibits a great potential to synthesize the graft copolymers by virtue of its higher efficiency, low cost, higher thermal stability as well as enhanced the yield of the graft copolymer. Future prospective of irradiation technique would be significant impacts to develop of polymerization.
MEASUREMENTS AND SEASONAL ANALYSIS OF RADIOACTIVE GASES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF RAMPUR AND NEARBY TOWN (U.P.) BY USING SOLID STATE NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTOR (SSNTD) TECHNIQUE
Authors: Khan M. S. A.
Published: June 2019

Measurements of radioactive gases i.e. radon and thoron & their progeny concentration were carried out in some selected dwellings in Rampur and nearby towns of Uttar Pradesh by using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD).The radon-thoron twin dosimeter cups were used for the measurements. The measurement was repeated on a time integrated four quarterly cycles to cover all the four seasons (summer, rainy, autumn &winter) of the calendar year.

During summer, rainy, autumn and winter seasons the radon concentration was found to vary from 9 Bq/m3 to 55 Bq/m3 with an average of 18.72 Bq/m3, 11Bq/m3 to 40 Bq/m3 with an average of 24.41 Bq/m3, 15 Bq/m3 to 46 Bq/m3 with an average of 29.95 Bq/m3and 25 Bq/m3 to 85 Bq/m3 with an average of 44.92 Bq/m3 respectively where as its progeny concentration varied from 0.57mWL to 5.94mwL with an average value of 2.02mWL, 1.18mWL to 4.32mWL with an average value of 2.63mWL, 1.62mWl to 4.97mWL with an average value of 3.23mWL and 2.70mWL to 9.18mWL with an average value of 4.85mWL respectively.

The thoron concentration was found to vary from 7.33 Bq/m3 to 22.5Bq/m3 with an average value of 11.86Bq/m3, 10.50 Bq/m3 to 23Bq/m3 with an average value of 16.06 Bq/m3, 11.66 Bq/m3 to 24.5 Bq/m3 with an average value of 17.44 Bq/m3, and 17.66 Bq/m3 to 30 Bq/m3 with an average value of 21.35 Bq/m3 respectively where as its progeny concentration varied from 0.19mWL to 0.60mWL with an average value of 0.32mWL, 0.28mWL to 0.62mWL with an average value of 0.43mWL, 0.31mWl to 0.66mWL with an average value of 0.47mWL and 0.47mWL to 0.81mWL with an average value of 0.57mWL respectively in different seasons.

All values were observed below the recommended action level (200Bq/m3) set by the various organizations (ICRP, 1993)
THE OUTCOMES OF INDIVIDUAL ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AMONG ACADEMICIANS IN MALAYSIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Fakhrorazi A. , Hartini H. , Islam Rabiul
Published: June 2019

Purpose of the Study: This paper investigates the ability of Malaysian public universities to achieve high academic standing within the top 100 world ranking universities depending on prolific and multitalented academicians who own multi-skills to support the universities’ academic excellences. Methodology: A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed to all public universities in Malaysia for the purpose of data collection and a total of 342 questionnaires were returned representing a response rate of 42.75 percent. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: This study has contributed to the nations by highlighting the current capabilities of academic workforce that will either influence or hinder the growth of their knowledge acquisition and innovative behavior that will influence the future of Malaysian academic excellences. Implications: Academicians are under pressure to be prolific and versatile to achieve their universities’ goals in addition to their multitasking jobs including teaching, publication, consultation, research, and social welfare. Owing to that matter, the study on individual absorptive capacity, which refers to the ability of Malaysian academicians to absorb knowledge that determines their level of learning capabilities and leads to fulfilling universities’ and national agenda, is worth studying.
Color Tuneable Bio-Sensor Made Up From Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticles
Authors: Agarwal Aashish
Published: June 2019

A biosensor is a device that is made up of transducer and biological elements [1-3]. The biological elements can be proteins, enzymes or antibodies [1]. The biological elements interact with the analyte which convert the biological response to an electrical signal. So usually biosensor consists of a biological component (acting as a sensor) and an electrical component (for detecting and transmitting the signal). Biosensors have a wide range of applications in different areas of science such as health care industry, clinical analysis and diagnosis of disease and agriculture [4]. In particular, there is a growing interest to prepare bio-sensor using different types of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, etc. [4].In the current proposal, we plan to prepare a low cost protein-sensor using polymeric stimuli-responsive nanoparticles based on diffraction principle. Moreover, this sensor will have a switchable functionality towards pH, temperature and electric field and also can be used with high accuracy of proteins detection based on a simple diffraction principle in the visible region. Since the awareness regarding health and wellbeing is increasing day by day in the global population, the use of biosensors in diagnostics is also simultaneously growing. Thus we believe that our proposed protein sensor based on diffraction principle will also have a popular demand in health care industry.
Development of Single Rain Strom Erosivity Models for Chitrakoot Region
Authors: Singh Karuna Nidhan
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we review the erosivity studies conducted in Chitrakoot to verify the quality and representativeness of the results generated and to provide a greater understanding of the rainfall erosivity in Chitrakoot. We searched the Google Scholar databases and in recent journals and dissertations to obtain the following information: latitude, longitude, city, states, length of records (15-years from 1999 to 2013), precipitation (daily based), equations calculated and respective determination coefficient .The daily rainfall erosivity in Chitrakoot ranged from 39.846 to 61.841 MJ mm/ha/h. Rainfall erosivity indices, based on intensity and the amount of rainfall, were computed for all precipitations. The lowest values were found in June and the highest values were found in the August in the Chitrakoot region. These equations can be useful to map rainfall erosivity for the entire area.
Next Generation Television
Authors: Mukherjee Saptarshi , Garai Subhendu
Published: June 2019

We are blessed with UHD 4K curved TV, choremecast, 3D TV and various breakthrough services. A story with no illustration leads us to imagination, eventually we end up penetrating to a larger depth. Still , Television = idiot box. We portray here big and small ideas on how our next generation TV. can cope up with injustice, corruption, blues, provide advertisement pleasure, cartoon creation, gesture feedback, data storage and awareness, disaster help, festival togetherness, past pattern , ingredients love, magnificent features of entertainment and rejuvenation coupled with dictionary effect.
Development of Corrosion Resistance Coatings for Sea Water Pipeline
Authors: Kaithari Dinesh Keloth
Published: June 2019

The pipelines that are used for transporting sea water to desalination plants are made of expensive steel alloys. However because of the salt content in water and also other atmospheric factors this pipe undergoes severe corrosion problem. This causes pits and holes in pipe surface making it useless and lead to huge replacement cost of pipes. Hence a way to control corrosion is needed.In this project use of different coatings to overcome corrosion is tested experimentally. Five types of coatings namely epoxy, aluminum, enamel, rubber, and chrome are coated on the samples prepared from actual pipeline used in the plant and the experimental results and analysis are summarized for finding the best coating for reducing corrosion of pipes. Among the five different coatings tested the rubber and epoxy coatings resulted with minimum corrosion rate and weight loss.
Variable Density Speed Hump
Authors: Bhamrah Rajenderpal Singh
Published: June 2019

This technical paper relates to a device that reduces the speed of any overspeeding vehicles travelling on a roadway.It is formed by at least one hollow strip of flexible material, made up of several receptacles located in the shell body. Each receptacle is impregnated with a dilatant shear-thickening fluid. The material is placed under compression during impact when the vehicle strikes it and the fluid itself acts as means for controlling the resistance to deformation of the strip.Thus, if the vehicle travels at a low speed the fluid has a low viscosity and the strip is easily deformed, whereas if the speed of the vehicle is high the viscosity of the fluid is high and as a result has great resistance to deformation, thus forming a rigid obstacle to the passage of the vehicle. Drivers must always slow down when driving over the conventional speed bumps to prevent damage to their vehicle. However, the Variable Density Speed Hump is sensitive to the speed of the vehicle.The vehicle needs to slow down only if it is overspeeding.
Sencar Based Load Balanced Clustering With Mobile Data Gathering In Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kalaivani S.
Published: June 2019

The wireless sensor networks consist of static sensors, which can be deployed in a wide environment for monitoring applications. While transmitting the data from source to static sink, the amount of energy consumption of the sensor node is high. This results in reduced lifetime of the network. Some of the WSN architectures have been proposed based on Mobile Elements such as three-layer framework is for mobile data collection, which includes the sensor layer, cluster head layer, and mobile collector layer (called SenCar layer). This framework employs distributed load balanced clustering and dual data uploading, it is referred to as LBC-DDU.In the sensor layer a distributed load balanced clustering algorithm is used for sensors to self-organize themselves into clusters. The cluster head layer use inter-cluster transmission range it is carefully chosen to guarantee the connectivity among the clusters. Multiple cluster heads within a cluster cooperate with each other to perform energy-saving in the inter-cluster communications. Through this transmissions cluster head information is send to the SenCar for its moving trajectory planning.This is done by utilizing multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technique. Then the results show each cluster has at most two cluster heads. LBC-DDU achieves higher energy saving per node and energy saving on cluster heads comparing with data collection through multi-hop relay to the static data sinks.
Festival and Travel Planning Network
Authors: Hwang I M
Published: June 2019

Travellers who interested in often use the internet (World Wide Web) as a research medium because many websites post-festival and travelling information such as festival, scenic spots, resorts, and local restaurants. However, without an organized research medium, many people who interested in culture discover the difficulty of focusing on research or making a choice from the massive festival and travel-related categories and sites.

This paper describes and integrates a website with many festival and travel-related functions into one platform called Festival and Travel Planning Network. This platform allows easy access for users to obtain various festival information, city travel, restaurant, and hotel guidelines in Taiwan. This network automatically helps travellers to plan their tours and find accommodations by simply selecting by their interests of festival visits and hotel types on the website.

The Festival and Travel Planning Network also provides online travelling suitcases allowing members to bookmark their favourite travel spots. The Festival and Travel Planning Network website is http://140.131.84.199/holiday/index/index_e.htm. For maximum quality, display resolution should be set at 1024×768. As for technical support, the website uses Internet Information Services as the webserver and ASP.NET 3.5 as the web application framework. The database server is performed by SQL Server 2008 to organize and manage data. The webpage graphic and animation designer used Ulead PhotoImpact X3 and Adobe Photoshop CS5 and Flash CS5 as design tools
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Employees in the Hotel Sector
Authors: Radwan Hatem Radwan Ibrahim
Published: June 2019

The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained much attention in recent years. It provides companies with a signiﬁ cant approach for achieving performance excellence and considered a source for enhancing competitive advantage. This paper comes to investigate CSR within the context of ﬁ ve-star hotels in Hurgada, Egypt and assess its impact on employees’ job engagement, retention, attraction, and organizational commitment. Data was collected using multiple research methods, including: questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis.This research found that the majority of hotels did not consider their CSR to society but tackled their CSR to environment undertaking various measures to conserve resources. Hotels provided little support to most internal CSR practices identiﬁ ed in this study. The study showed that internal CSR could be used as an important driver for enhancing employee job engagement and organizational commitment. However, CSR still not considered a signiﬁ cant tool to attract and retain high potential candidates.This research concluded that hotels should show more commitment to serve the community and formulate their core business strategies accordingly. The governmental and environmental organizations’ intervention is essential to provide more awareness to hotel businesses regarding tackling their CSR.
FUTURE OF OMAN TOURISM PERCEPTION OF THE STUDENTS IN TOURISM STUDIES
Authors: Khan M. Firdouse Rahman , Krishanamurthy Jayashree
Published: June 2019

Oman’s ‘Vision 2040’ aims at diversifying its economic activities from oil and gas sector to tourism sector.  The vision and mission statement aims at developing tourism as a sustainable economic sector. The objective of the study is to analyze the various factors affecting the students’ perceptions towards choosing Tourism studies as their mainstream.
The study was conducted with 223 students of tourism studies who were selected on the basis of random sampling and were contacted through a well-defined questionnaire. The primary data was collected, compiled, and thoroughly analyzed to arrive at conclusions. A critical analysis was carried out using the null hypothesis, chi-square, and ranking tests.
The study reveals that the factors like non-discrimination of gender, promotion opportunities, and physical working conditions play a crucial role in motivating most of the students in choosing tourism studies. Further, this paper critically analyzes the discouraging factors for their aversion towards the tourism industry.
Our empirical results reveal that the high risk of accidents, non-tourism spouse preferences, Omani traditional values discourage the attitude towards choosing tourism as their future job and hence the tourism studies. The study further demonstrates that there is a strong association between the motivating factors and the reasons for students choosing tourism as their studies.
There exists a necessity for the Government and the related sponsoring institutions to look into these factors and encourage our young tourism students who will in return render their full support towards diversifying Oman’s future economy towards tourism.
SETIF AS A CITY BRAND
Authors: Sabah Hacid
Published: June 2019

Nowadays, cities are engaging in Marketing and City Branding to improve their image internationally in order to become more attractive for: tourists, investors, and students. They are trying to create a city brand to manage their reputation and enhance its local, regional and global awareness and position among the other cities.

But however, before they create a city brand, they must identify their attractiveness and know how the outside eye sees them whether a city is looking to rebuild, enhance or reinvigorate this image, and it must comprehend what a city branding means. In this paper, we aim to identify the meaning of city branding, after that we are going to deal with a case study that concerns Setif city.

A quantitative study has been done to know how this city does appear in order to make propositions for it, to create a city brand and manage its image and reputation, but before that, we try to identify its attractiveness to know if it is compatible with that’s perceived image.
Diyalektik Davranış Terapisi ve Beceri Eğitimi: Kullanım Alanları ve Koruyucu Ruh Sağlığındaki Önemi
Authors: ÜSTÜNDAĞ BUDAK A. Meltem , ÖZEKE KOCABAŞ Ezgi
Published: June 2019

Diyalektik Davranış Terapisi® üçüncü dalga terapilerin içinde yer alan ve kanıta dayalı önemli yaklaşımlardan biridir. Diyalektik felsefe odağında kabul kavramı üzerinde duran bu yaklaşım, bireysel terapinin yanı sıra temel beceri eğitimleri yoluyla danışanın kabul ve değişim sürecine yardımcı olmayı amaçlar. Beceri eğitimleri mindfulness (bilinçli farkındalık), kişilerarası etkililik, duygu düzenleme ve sıkıntıya toleransı artırma olmak üzere dört modülden oluşur. Bu yazının temel amacı diyalektik davranış terapisini tanıtmak ve bu kanıta dayalı terapi modelinin öne çıkan araştırma bulgularını özetlerken bu yaklaşımın sunduğu beceri eğitiminin etkin bir müdahale yöntemi olarak kullanımının yanı sıra koruyucu ruh sağlığındaki kullanımına da dikkat çekmektir.
Ortaokul 6. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Kelimeleri Telaffuz Etme Durumları
Authors: GÜLEN CANLI Mukime , TEPELİ Yusuf
Published: June 2019

Dil en geniş tanımıyla insanlar
arasında iletişimi sağlayan bir sistemdir. İletişim de öncelikle konuşma ve
dinleme ile gerçekleştirilir. Konuşma becerisi aynı zamanda öğrenciyi hayata
hazırlayan bir beceri alanıdır. Konuşma becerisinin amacı; öğrencinin kendini
doğru ifade edebilmesini, duygu ve düşüncelerini etkili bir şekilde
aktarabilmesini, dili ve sözcükleri doğru kullanabilmesini sağlamaktır.
Türkçeyi doğru ve etkili kullanabilmek için kelimeleri de doğru telaffuz
edebilmek gerekir. Bu çalışmada 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin kelimeleri standart
Türkçeye göre telaffuz etme durumlarını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada
nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması modeli kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Antalya’nın Serik
ilçesinde bir ortaokulda öğrenim gören 27 altıncı sınıf öğrencisidir.
Öğrencilerin konuşmaları ses kayıt cihazıyla kaydedilerek yazıya geçirilmiş ve
bu veriler içerik analizi tekniğiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan 6.
sınıf öğrencilerinin sınıf içi konuşmalarında kelimeleri doğru telaffuz etme
oranı %82,55; kelimeleri standart dışı telaffuz etme oranı ise %17,45’tir. Kız
öğrencilerin kelimelerin telaffuzunda erkek öğrencilerden daha başarılı olduğu,
Türkçe dersi akademik başarısı ‘yüksek’ olan öğrencilerin kelimeleri doğru
telaffuz etme durumunun Türkçe dersi akademik başarısı düşük ve orta düzeyli
öğrencilere göre daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin ses olayları bağlamında
en fazla ünsüz değişmesi ve ünsüz düşmesi yaparak standart dışı kullanımda
bulundukları belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin telaffuzlarına zaman zaman ağız
özelliklerinin yansıdığı da görülmüştür.
Fast Neutron Mutagenesis in Plants: Advances, Applicability and Challenges
Authors: Kumawat Surbhi , Rana Nitika , Bansal Ruchi , Vishwakarma Gautam , Mehetre Sayaji , Das Bikram Kishore , Kumar Manish , Yadav Satish , Sonah Humira , Sharma Tilak Raj , Deshmukh Rupesh
Published: June 2019

Fast neutron (FN) radiation mediated mutagenesis is a unique approach among the several induced mutagenesis methods being used in plant science in terms of impacted mutations. The FN mutagenesis usually creates deletions from a few bases to several million bases (Mb). A library of random deletion generated using FN mutagenesis lines can provide indispensable resources for the reverse genetic approaches. In this review, information from several efforts made using FN mutagenesis has been compiled to understand the type of induced mutations, frequency, and genetic stability. Concerns regarding the utilization of FN mutagenesis technique for a plant with different level of ploidy and genome complexity are discussed. We have highlighted the utility of next-generation sequencing techniques which can be efficiently utilized for the characterization of mutant lines as well as for the mapping of causal mutations. Pros and cons of Mut-map, MutChromSeq, exon capture, whole genome sequencing, MutRen-Seq, and different tilling approaches can be used for the detection of FN-induced mutation has also been discussed. Genomic resources developed using the FN mutagenesis have been catalogued wooing to meaningful utilization of the available resources. The information provided here will be helpful for the efficient exploration for the crop improvement programs and for better understanding of genetic regulations.
New Design of Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Power Converter for Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Phetphimoon Wasan , Bhumkittipich Krischonme
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the design of a high frequency zero voltage switching (ZVS) full-bridge converter with a phase-shifted driving signal for photovoltaic applications. The resonant power converter can provide high-power capacity under high-frequency operation. The proposed power converter can also reduce the size of the transformer under the same power rating. The high-frequency transformer was developed by using the resonant and switching frequencies of the power converter to reduce the switching loss and to improve the system efficiency. Phase-shifted modulation was selected to drive the switches of a full-bridge power converter based on the switching loss minimization method. The desired output voltage was controlled using a closed-loop controller under a loop gain stability margin. The simulation results showed that the output voltage can be controlled to the desired constant when the input voltage changes from 30 VDC to 60 VDC. The desired output voltage of power converter is constant at 400 VDC. The power converter can transfer the DC supply to a 220 VAC household via grid-connected inverter. Therefore, the proposed study showed the effectiveness of the phase-shift ZVS full-bridge power converter with high-frequency transformer. This power converter can control the operation of the desired voltage system and has a small sizing of power converter system, low switching loss, and high system efficiency.
Economical and Environmental Friendly Methods for Separation of Oil from Mill Scale
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Shoukat , Shoukat Asra , Nasir Hafiz Syed Umer , Shoukat Ammara
Published: June 2019

Mill scale is the by-product of iron and steel industry. It can be recycled via sinter plant or solid as sinter feed materials. 85 to 90% of the constituent particles are more than 0.008 inches. The iron content is near around 70 %, with a very small amount of alkaline compounds and non-ferrous metals. Mill scale is polluted and contaminated with lubricants, oils and greases from the equipment. In this experiment for recovering of oil from mill scale, it is treated with three different methods. Then all methods were compared according to the ability of oil elimination and iron recovered. After washing and boiling with surfactants, large amount of polluted waste water becomes a problem for environment so this wastewater was utilized for making of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), production of electricity in MFC depends on the biodegradation of organic materials, so different waste were added in wastewater for making MFC. The remaining of MFC was converted in bioethanol, biodiesel and biofertilizer. So this research is economical and environmentally friendly and fulfilled the important aspect of green environment with zero waste. It will be a mile stone in the research of metallurgy, environmental engineering, recycling technology and zero waste management.
Measurements of Gaseous Hydrogen-Nitrogen Laser-Plasma
Authors: Parigger Christian
Published: June 2019

This work communicates laser-plasma experiments in a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen. Time-resolved spectroscopy measures the first four Balmer series hydrogen lines together with selected neutral and ionized nitrogen lines. Optical breakdown plasma is generated in a 1:1 hydrogen:nitrogen mixture at ambient temperature and 0.27-atm pressure. Time-resolved spectroscopy records emitted radiation with spatial resolution along the slit height for the Hα, Hβ, Hγ, and Hδ lines. For 13 selected time delays from 0.25 µs to 3.25 µs and 0.025 µ gate-widths, micro-plasma diagnostics is evaluated. Of interest are the peak-separation and width of Hδ and width of Hγ for electron densities in the range of 0.1 to 1.0×1017 cm-3, and comparisons with Hβ and Hα diagnostics. Integral inversions interrogate spatial distributions of the plasma expansion. Applications include laboratory and stellar astrophysics plasma diagnosis.
Requirement of Metabolizable Energy for Slow-Growing Yellow-Feathered Male Chickens
Authors: Abouelezz Khaled , Wang Yibing , Wang Weiwei , Lin Xiajing , Li Long , Gou Zhongyong , Fan Qiuli , Jiang Shouqun
Published: June 2019

A dose-response study was conducted to investigate the metabolizable energy (ME) requirement for Lingnan chickens from 57 to 105 days of age. 1200 57-d-old slow-growing yellow-feathered male chickens were allotted to five dietary ME levels (2,805, 2,897, 2,997, 3,095 and 3,236 kcal/kg). The 2,997 kcal/kg treatment was considered to be the control level. The results revealed that the daily metabolizable energy intake increased (P < 0.01), whereas the feed intake and feed: gain ratio decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with the increment in dietary ME level. The final body weight and daily gain of the highest ME treatment tended (P > 0.05) to be greater than those obtained with the lower ME levels. The fat content in breast muscle showed a quadratic response (P < 0.05) to the increase of dietary energy level. The shear force values of breast muscle in the 2,897, 3,095 and 3,236 kcal/kg treatments were lower (P < 0.05) than that of the control. Other results were obtained regarding the body composition, meat quality, and plasma metabolites. In conclusion, the dietary ME level 3,236 kcal/kg can be recommended as the optimal ME requirement for slow-growing yellow-feathered male chickens between 57 and 105 d of age.
On the Precise Examination of Multi-Port Antennas; Corrections and Criticisms to Some Recently Reported Results
Authors: Fartookzadeh Mahdi
Published: June 2019

In this paper, precise examination of multi-port antennas with large mutual coupling between the ports is studied. For this purpose, some vital parameters such as active reflection coefficients and realised gain are emphasized. The main motivation of this research is the ignorance of this issue in several recently published papers. Hence, corrections and criticisms to some recently reported results are presented. At first, a microstrip patch consisting of two inverted U-slots is re-examined, which has been proposed in a recently published paper for wideband applications. However, the authors did not present satisfactory results to indicate the performance of the proposed structure. In reverse, some important parameters such as the antenna gain appear to be incorrectly reported. In this paper, the characteristics of the antenna are compared with a simple 50 Ω microstrip line excited by two probes, indicating no significant differences. In the remainder of this paper, some corrections are provided on two examples of wide-beam circularly polarised multi-fed antennas for satellite applications. The first example is the multi-fed spiral antennas with folded arms, which have been proposed as the widebeam antennas at 435 MHz. It is indicated that the antenna height should be increased for better performance. The second example is the quadrifilar square helical antennas with folded arms, which have been proposed as the widebeam antennas for 435 MHz with minor responses at 145 MHz. Some corrections are presented on the previously reported minor responses at 145 MHz.
Research on Concrete Columns Reinforced with New Developed High-Strength Steel under Eccentric Loading
Authors: Hou Yonghui , Cao Shuangyin , Ni Xiangyong , Li Yizhu
Published: June 2019

The use of new developed high-strength steel in concrete members can reduce steel bars congestion and construction costs. This research aims to study the behavior of concrete columns reinforced with new developed high-strength steel under eccentric loading. Ten reinforced concrete columns were fabricated and tested. The test variables are transverse reinforcement amount and yield strength, eccentricity, and longitudinal reinforcement yield strength. The failure patterns are compression and tensile failure for columns subjected to small eccentricity and large eccentricity, respectively. The same level of post-peak deformability and ductility only can be obtained with lower amount of transverse reinforcement when high-strength transverse reinforcements are used in columns subjected to small eccentricity. The high-strength longitudinal reinforcement can improve bearing capacity and post-peak deformability of concrete columns. Besides, three different equivalent rectangular stress block (ERSB) parameters in predicting bearing capacity of columns with high-strength steel were discussed based on test and simulated results. It is concluded that the Code of GB 50010-2010 overestimates the bearing capacity of columns with high-strength steel, whereas bearing capacities computed using Codes of ACI 318-14 and CSA A23.3-04 agree well with test results.
The Common Good Balance Sheet, an Adequate Tool to Capture Non-Financials?
Authors: Felber Christian , Campos Vanessa , Sanchis Joan Ramon
Published: June 2019

In relation to organizational performance measurement, there is a growing concern about the creation of value for people, society and the environment. The traditional corporate reporting does not adequately satisfy the information needs of stakeholders for assessing an organization’s past and future potential performance. Practitioners and scholars have developed new non-financial reporting frameworks from a social and environmental perspective, giving birth to the field of Integrated Reporting (IR). The Economy for the Common Good (ECG) model and its tools to facilitate sustainability management and reporting can provide a framework to do it. The present study is the first one that empirically validates such metrics on a sample of 206 European firms. Consequently, it allows knowledge to advance as it checks their statistical validity and reliability.
An Inactivation Switch Enables Rhythms in a Neurospora Clock Model
Authors: Upadhyay Abhishek , Brunner Michael , Herzel Hanspeter
Published: June 2019

An autonomous endogenous time-keeping is ubiquitous across many living organisms known as circadian clock when it has a period of about 24 hours. Interestingly, the fundamental design principle with a network of interconnected negative and positive feedback loops is conserved through evolution, although the molecular components differ. Filamentous fungus \textit{Neurospora crassa} is a well established chrono-genetics model organism to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The core negative feedback loop of the clock of \textit{Neurospora} is composed of the transcription activator White Collar Complex (WCC) (heterodimer of WC1 and WC2) and the inhibitory element called FFC complex which is made of FRQ (Frequency protein), FRH (Frequency interacting RNA Helicase) and CK1a (Casein kinase 1a). While exploring their temporal dynamics we investigate how limit cycle oscillations arise and how molecular switches support self-sustained rhythms. We develop a mathematical model of 10 variables with 26 parameters to understand the interactions and feedbacks among WC1 and FFC elements in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. We performed control and bifurcation analysis to show that our novel model produces robust oscillations with a wild-type period of 22.5 hrs. Our model reveals a switch between WC1 induced transcription and FFC assisted inactivation of WC1. Using the new model we also study possible mechanisms of glucose compensation. A fairly simple model with just 3 non-linearities helps to elucidate clock dynamics revealing a mechanism of rhythms production. The model can further be utilized to study entrainment and temperature compensation.
Environmental Implications of Laundry Habits in Bangkok: Use Patterns of Products and Services
Authors: MOON Dami , Amasawa Eri , Hirao Masahiko
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to define the use of products and services of PSS associated with laundry businesses such as coin-operated self-service laundromats (CL) and laundry services (LS) in order to get a better understanding of the environmental implications of PSS in laundry habits in Bangkok, Thailand. The motivation to use product-service systems (PSS) could vary according to the specific consumer needs often defined by cultures, and therefore the environmental impacts from the PSS use would result differently from country to country. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were conducted with Bangkok residents to determine the laundry habits related to the use of PSS. As a result, the use of private washing machines (PW) was found to be in the main option and CL and LS were used as an additional option in the laundry habits. Regarding the environmental potential, the respondent who uses CL and LS frequently tended to do laundry less often than those who only use PW. Meanwhile, CL and LS users adopted the use of tumble dryer more often, and the need to use was high compared to others who do not use PSS. The need to improve the quality of laundry is expected to increase with the improvement of quality of living in Bangkok in the near future. However, at the same time, these observations imply that change of consumer behaviors related to the use of PSS can affect energy consumption and environmental burdens. To further clarify sustainable consumption and production systems, a quantitative analysis of the environmental impact of the laundry habits remains as a future task.
Does the Electron Have an Anomalous Electric Dipole Moment?
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: June 2019

An analysis is presented of the possible existence of a second anomalous dipole moment of Dirac’s particle next to the angular one. It includes a discussion why, in spite of his own derivation, Dirac has denied its relevancy. It is shown why since then it has been overlooked and why it has vanished from leading textbooks. A critical survey is given on the reasons of its reject, including the failure of attempts to measure and its perceived violation of the CPT theorem. Moreover, by reference from literature, the possible impact is discussed in the nuclear domain and in the gravitational domain if it would exist.
Impact of the Accuracy of Land Cover Data Sets on the Accuracy of Land Cover Change Scenarios in the Mono River Basin, Togo, West Africa
Authors: H. Koubodana Djan'na , Diekkrüger Bernd , Näschen Kristian , Adounkpe Julien , Atchonouglo Kossi
Published: June 2019

The results reveal CILSS as the most accurate data set with a Kappa coefficient of 68% and an overall accuracy of 83%. CILSS data shows a decrease of savanna and forest whereas an increase of cropland over the period 1975 to 2013. The increase of cropland area of 30.97% from 1975 to 2013 can be related to the increase in population and their food demand, while the losses of forest area and the decrease of savanna are further amplified by using wood as energy sources and the lack of forest management. The three datasets were used to simulate future LULC changes using the Terrset Land Change Modeler. The validation of the model using CILSS data for 2013 showed a quality of 50.94%, it is only 40.04% for ESA and 20.13% for Globeland30. CILSS data was utilized to simulate the LULC distribution for the years 2020 and 2027 because of its satisfactory performances. The results show that a high spatial resolution is not a guarantee of high quality. The results of this study can be used for impact studies and to develop management strategies for mitigating negative effects of land use and land cover change.
Applications of Data Mining Algorithms for Network Security
Authors: Chain Kai
Published: June 2019

Typical modern information systems are required to process copious data. Conventional manual approaches can no longer effectively analyze such massive amounts of data, and thus humans resort to smart techniques and tools to complement human effort. Currently, network security events occur frequently, and generate abundant log and alert files. Processing such vast quantities of data particularly requires smart techniques. This study reviewed several crucial developments of existent data mining algorithms, including those that compile alerts generated by heterogeneous IDSs into scenarios and employ various HMMs to detect complex network attacks. Moreover, sequential pattern mining algorithms were examined to develop multi-step intrusion detection. These studies can focus on applying these algorithms in practical settings to effectively reduce the occurrence of false alerts. This article researched the application of data mining algorithms in network security. The academic community has recently generated numerous studies on this topic.
High-Risk Multiple Myeloma: Integrated Clinical and Omics Approach Dissects the Neoplastic Clone and the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Solimando Antonio Giovanni , Da Vià Matteo Claudio , Cicco Sebastiano , Leone Patrizia , Di Lernia Giuseppe , Giannico Donato , Desantis Vanessa , Frassanito Maria Antonia , Morizio Arcangelo , Delgado Tascon Julia , Ranieri Giuseppe , Ria Roberto , Rasche Leo , Kortüm K. Martin , Beilhack Andreas , Racanelli Vito , Vacca Angelo , Einsele Hermann
Published: June 2019

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogenous disease that includes a subgroup of 10-15% of patients facing dismal survival despite most intensive treatment. The aim of this review article is to provide an integrated clinical and biological overview on the high-risk MM discussing the novel therapeutic perspectives aimed to target the neoplastic clone and its microenvironment. The dissection of the molecular determinants of the aggressive phenotypes and drug resistance can foster a better tailored clinical management of high-risk profile and refractoriness to therapy. Among the current clinical difficulties in MM, patient’s management manipulating the tumor niche represents a major challenge given the limited knowledge about the MM-milieu interaction. The angiogenesis and bystander infiltrate constitute pivotal mechanisms of mutual collaboration between MM and the non-tumoral counterpart. Immuno-modulatory and anti-angiogenic therapy hold great efficacy but variable and unpredictable responses in high-risk MM. Therefore, it would be worth to better select the population and the MM stage that could profit to a dual immune/vasculogenesis targeting. The comprehensive knowledge of the genetic heterogeneity and MM high-risk ecosystem enforce a systematic bench-to-bedside approach. Despite significant improvements in the biology knowledge, MM is still a chronic and incurable neoplasia and therapeutic options able to overcome the relapsing/refractory behavior represent an unmet clinical need. Here, we corroborate previous biological findings providing a synthetic outlook of novel druggable targets. We also summarize the existing multi-omics-based risk profiling tools, in order to better personalize the patient-oriented clinical management.
Impact of Biochar Application on Carbon Dynamics and Fertility of Soils Over-Fertilization with Compost
Authors: Tsai Chen-Chi , Chang Yu-Fang
Published: June 2019

In Taiwan, farmers often apply excess compost to ensure adequate crop yield in highly frequent tillage, highly weathered, and lower fertility soils. The potential of biochar (BC) for diminishing soil C mineralization, and improving soil nutrient availability in compost over-fertilized soil is promising, but the study is still under-examined. To test the hypothesis, 434 days in vitro C mineralization kinetics of incubation experiment were conducted. Woody BC 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% (w/w) made of lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de. Wit) were added to an Oxisols, and two Inceptisols of Taiwan. In each treatment, 5% swine manure compost (2 times recommended amount) was added and served as the over-fertilized soil. The results indicated that soil type strongly influenced the impact of BC addition on soil carbon mineralization potential. Respiration per unit of total organic carbon (total mineralization coefficient, TMC) of three studied soils significantly decreased with BC addition increased. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that for retaining more plant nutrients in addition to the effects of carbon sequestration, it is recommended that farmer could use locally produced biochars and composts in highly weathered and highly frequent tillage soil. Adding 0.5%-1% woody BC in soil should be reasonable and appropriate.
Validation of a Novel Connected “Smart” Stoma Bag to Monitor Output in Ostomates
Authors: Fearn Robert I. , Naik Anupriya J. T. , Dorofeeva Irina , Wu Yumeng , Ramirez David , Borden Pamela A. , Landon Chris
Published: June 2019

Over 55% of stoma patients suffer complications such as dehydration. Outcomes may be improved through communicating stoma output data to the patient and their clinical teams. Past artificial neural networks to improve accuracy in fluid level sensing were designed to account for ‘slosh’ caused by variable acceleration in one or two axes of movement. This paper describes the development of a novel sensor platform for non-invasive monitoring of stoma output in real time through incorporating a volumetric array consisting of thermistors and capacitive sensors into an ostomy appliance. Stoma output which exits the body at core temperature passes into a stoma appliance in a pattern which is dictated by water content, existing effluent within the bag and distortion of the usual bag shape. By using thermistors, a thermal boundary demarcates the accumulated level of fecal material as the effluent settles. A capacitive array allows the measurement of volume of output. The sensing components communicates via near field communication (NFC) and transmits data to a smartphone application by Bluetooth low energy (BLE). Testing of the device on 11 existing ileostomy patients with 51.6 bag hours of data found a correlation between measured volume and predictive value, supporting its use in this population.
Inverse Analysis of the Residual Stress in Laser–Assisted Milling
Authors: Feng Yixuan , Hung Tsung-Pin , Lu Yu-Ting , Lin Yu-Fu , Hsu Fu-Chuan , Lin Chiu-Feng , Lu Ying-Cheng , Liang Steven Y.
Published: June 2019

In laser-assisted milling, higher temperature in shear zone softens the material potentially resulting in a shift of mean residual stress, which significantly affects the damage tolerance and fatigue performance of product. In order to guide the selection of laser and cutting parameters based on the preferred mean residual stress, inverse analysis is conducted by predicting residual stress based on guessed process parameters, which is defined as the forward problem, and applying iterative gradient search to find process parameters for next iteration, which is defined as the inverse problem. An analytical inverse analysis is therefore proposed for the mean residual stress in laser-assisted milling. The forward problem is solved by analytical prediction of mean residual stress after laser-assisted milling. The residual stress profile is predicted through the calculation of thermal stress, by treating laser beam as heat source, and plastic stress by first assuming pure elastic stress in loading process, then obtaining true stress with kinematic hardening followed by the stress relaxation. The variance-based recursive method is applied to solve inverse problem by updating process parameters to match the measured mean residual stress. Three cutting parameters including depth of cut, feed per tooth, and cutting speed, and two laser parameters including laser-tool distance and laser power, are updated with respected to the minimization of resulting residual stress and measurement in each iteration. Experimental measurements are referred on the laser-assisted milling of Ti-6Al-4V grade 5 and ELI. The percentage difference between experiments and predictions is less than 5% for both materials, and the selection is completed within 50 loops.