bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Agent-Based Treatments for Overactive Bladder: A Review
Authors: Khasanah Nurida , Chin Hung-Yen , Peng Chih-Wei
Published: September 2022

Almost one-fifth of the people in the world experience a decrease in quality of life due to overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome. The main bothersome symptoms are urgency accompanied by urinary frequency and nocturia. This chronic, disabling condition is first managed by reducing fluid intake and pelvic floor muscle training, supplemented with antimuscarinic drugs, if necessary. However, refractory cases often still occur. In more severe cases, invasive surgical interventions can be considered; yet, the success rate is still inconsistent, and there is a high complication rate. This condition is frustrating for patients and challenging for the medical staff involved. Although its pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated, peripheral autonomic somatic and sensory afferent receptors are considered to be involved in this condition. Hence, currently, physical agent-based treatments such as neuromodulation have taken a significant place in the third-line therapy of OAB. The efficacy and safety profiles of electrical and magnetic stimulation continue to evolve. Physical-based agents provide an appealing option owing to their effectiveness and minimal side effects. In addition, more physical therapies using light and shock energy are currently being investigated. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of these modalities is an extremely important aspect to provide the most suitable modalities for patients.
Early Postoperative Pain Trajectories after Posterolateral and Axillary Approaches to Thoracic Surgery: A Prospective Monocentric Observational Study
Authors: Dorges Pascaline , Michel-Cherqui Mireille , Fessler Julien , Székély Barbara , Sage Edouard , Glorion Matthieu , Kennel Titouan , Fischler Marc , Martinez Valeria , Vallée Alexandre , Le Guen Morgan
Published: September 2022

Less-invasive thoracotomies may reduce early postoperative pain. The aims of this study were to identify pain trajectories from postoperative days 0–5 after posterolateral and axillary thoracotomies and to identify potential factors related to the worst trajectory. Patients undergoing a posterolateral (92 patients) or axillary (89 patients) thoracotomy between July 2014 and November 2015 were analyzed in this prospective monocentric cohort study. The best-fitting model resulted in four pain trajectory groups: trajectory 1, the “worst”, with 29.8% of the patients with permanent significant pain; trajectory 2 with patients with low pain (32.6%); trajectory 3 with patients with a steep decrease in pain (22.7%); and trajectory 4 with patients with a steep increase (14.9%). According to a multinomial logistic model multivariable analysis, some predictive factors allow for differentiation between trajectory groups 1 and 2. Risk factors for permanent pain are the existence of preoperative pain (OR = 6.94, CI 95% (1.54–31.27)) and scar length (OR = 1.20 (1.05–1.38)). In contrast, ASA class III is a protective factor in group 1 (OR = 0.02 (0.001–0.52)). In conclusion, early postoperative pain can be characterized by four trajectories and preoperative pain is a major factor for the worst trajectory of early postoperative pain.
Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life after Cochlear Implantation in Patients with Long-Term Deafness
Authors: Ovari Attila , Hühnlein Lisa , Nguyen-Dalinger David , Strüder Daniel Fabian , Külkens Christoph , Niclaus Oliver , Meyer Jens Eduard
Published: September 2022

Background: Hearing-related quality of life (QoL) after cochlear implantation (CI) is as important as audiological performance. We evaluated the functional results and QoL after CI in a heterogeneous patient cohort with emphasis on patients with long-term deafness (>10 years). Methods: Twenty-eight patients (n = 32 implanted ears, within n = 12 long-term deaf ears) implanted with a mid-scala electrode array were included in this retrospective mono-centric cohort study. Speech intelligibility for monosyllables (SIM), speech reception thresholds (SRT50) and QoL with Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ) were registered. Correlation of SIM and QoL was analyzed. Results: SIM and SRT50 improved significantly 12 months postoperatively up to 54.8 ± 29.1% and 49.3 ± 9.6 dB SPL, respectively. SIM progressively improved up to 1 year, but some early-deafened, late implanted patients developed speech understanding several years after implantation. The global and all subdomain QoL scores increased significantly up to 12 months postoperatively and we found a correlation of SIM and global QoL score at 12 months postoperatively. Several patients of the “poor performer” (SIM < 40%) group reported high improvement of hearing-related QoL. Conclusions: Cochlear implantation provides a benefit in hearing-related QoL, even in some patients with low postoperative speech intelligibility results. Consequently, hearing-related QoL scores should be routinely used as outcome measure beside standard speech understanding tests, as well. Further studies with a prospective multi-centric design are needed to identify factors influencing post-implantation functional results and QoL in the patient group of long-term deafness.
Switching between Enzyme Replacement Therapies and Substrate Reduction Therapies in Patients with Gaucher Disease: Data from the Gaucher Outcome Survey (GOS)
Authors: Hughes Derralynn A. , Deegan Patrick , Giraldo Pilar , Göker-Alpan Özlem , Lau Heather , Lukina Elena , Revel-Vilk Shoshana , Scarpa Maurizio , Botha Jaco , Gadir Noga , Zimran Ari
Published: September 2022

Switching between enzyme replacement therapies (ERT) and substrate reduction therapies (SRT) in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1) is not uncommon; however, the reasons for switchng treatments have not been explored in detail. Data from the Gaucher Outcome Survey (GOS), an international registry for patients with confirmed GD, were used to evaluate the reasons for, and consequences of, switching between these treatment types. Of the 1843 patients enrolled in GOS on 25 February 2020, 245 had undergone a treatment switch: 222 from initial ERT to SRT (of whom 88 later switched back to ERT) and 23 from initial SRT to ERT. The most common reasons for ERT–SRT switching were duration of infusion (25.4%), drug shortage (22.0%), and adverse events (AEs; 11.9%), and for SRT–ERT switching, AEs (63.6%), lack of beneficial effect (16.4%), and participation in a clinical trial (9.1%). Bodyweight and hematologic parameters largely remained stable before and after switching between ERT and SRT, although with substantial variation between patients. These findings contribute to understanding why treatment switching occurs in patients with GD, and may help physicians recognize the real-world impact of treatment switching between ERT and SRT for patients with GD.
Otological Manifestations in Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Controlled Radio-Clinical Study
Authors: Alexandru Mihaela , de Boissieu Paul , Benoudiba Farida , Moustarhfir Malik , Kim Sookyung , Bequignon Émilie , Honoré Isabelle , Garcia Gilles , Mitri-Frangieh Rana , Legendre Marie , Crestani Bruno , Taillé Camille , Escudier Estelle , Maitre Bernard , Papon Jean-François , Nevoux Jérôme
Published: September 2022

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetical disease characterized by an abnormal structure or function of the cilia, causing sinusitis, otitis, and bronchiectasis. Hearing loss affects 60% of PCD patients, but data are lacking concerning hearing and temporal bone imaging in adults. Our aim was to describe clinical and radiological ear disease in adults with genetically confirmed PCD. Data were recorded from January 2018 to December 2019. PCD patients were compared with controls with bronchiectasis without PCD. Clinical examination included otomicroscopy and auditory tests. A temporal bone CT scan (TBCT) was systematically performed. Seventeen patients (34 ears) were included in each group. The eardrums were abnormal in 25 (74%) PCD ears versus 8 (24%) ears in the controls (p < 0.05). Conductive hearing loss was more frequent in the PCD group (24% vs. 12% in controls). TBCT were abnormal in 94% PCD patients vs. 32% in the controls (p < 0.05). The Main CT-scan images in PCD were middle ear inflammation (65%), mastoid condensation (62%), or ossicular anomalies (35%). With its excellent sensitivity, TBCT gives typical arguments for PCD diagnosis, adding otological signs to the usual sinus CT signs (hypoplasia, aplasia). Systematic TBCT could be useful in the initial evaluation of patients with suspicion of PCD.
The Heart in the Transcatheter Intervention Era: Where Are We?
Authors: Tagliari Ana Paula , Taramasso Maurizio
Published: September 2022

It is so exciting to imagine that the heart, once considered an untouchable organ, is now routinely approached by so many different techniques and with a wide array of invasiveness [...]
Special Issue: “Emerging Therapies and Strategies in Thalassemia: Toward a New Era in Management”
Authors: Ricchi Paolo , Forni Gian Luca
Published: September 2022

This Special Issue on “Emerging Therapies and Strategies in Thalassemia: Toward a New Era in management” aims to update researchers and clinicians regarding the field of thalassemia syndromes [...]
The Role of Optical Imaging in Translational Nanomedicine
Authors: Hesemans Evelien , Buttiens Kiana , Manshian Bella , Soenen Stefaan
Published: September 2022

Nanomedicines have been a major research focus in the past two decades and are increasingly emerging in a broad range of clinical applications. However, a proper understanding of their biodistribution is required to further progress the field of nanomedicine. For this, imaging methods to monitor the delivery and therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles are urgently needed. At present, optical imaging is the most common method used to study the biodistribution of nanomaterials, where the unique properties of nanomaterials and advances in optical imaging can jointly result in novel methods for optimal monitoring of nanomaterials in preclinical animal models. This review article aims to give an introduction to nanomedicines and their translational impact to highlight the potential of optical imaging to study the biodistribution of nanoparticles and to monitor the delivery and therapeutic efficacy at the preclinical level. After introducing both domains, the review focuses on different techniques that can be used to overcome some intrinsic limitations of optical imaging and how this can specifically benefit nanoparticle studies. Finally, we point out some important key features of nanoparticles that currently hinder their full potential in the clinic and how the advances in optical imaging can help to provide us with the information needed to further boost the clinical translation and expand the field of nanomedicines.
Taste Preferences and Orosensory Feed Testing Behavior in Barramundi Lates calcarifer (Latidae, Perciformes)
Authors: Kasumyan Alexander , Isaeva Olga , Oanh Le T. K.
Published: September 2022

In the cultivation of barramundi Lates calcarifer, one of the key factors is developing new commercial feeds that are nutritionally adequate and attractive to fish. The sensory quality of feeds can be improved by taste stimulants. The aim of the present study is to examine the taste attractiveness of 21 free L-amino acids and 4 basic taste substances (0.1–0.001 M). The feeding behavior that accompanied the orosensory testing of feed is also studied. Agar pellets flavored with each taste substance were individually offered to barramundi juveniles (5–9 cm, 4–10 g). Citric acid, cysteine, and alanine were palatable; sucrose and 7 amino acids had an aversive taste; sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and 12 amino acids did not influence the consumption of pellets. Taste preferences for amino acids are positively correlated in 6 out of 21 fish species, which confirms high species specificity of taste preferences in fishes. Barramundi often make repeated grasps and rejections of pellets regardless of their palatability, which led to the destruction of pellets in up to 50% of trials. When swallowing, fish retain pellets several times longer, and pellet fragmentation occurs more often, than in the case of final refusal of pellets. The data presented here can be used to improve the cultivation of barramundi.
Synchronized Motion-Based UAV–USV Cooperative Autonomous Landing
Authors: Li Wenzhan , Ge Yuan , Guan Zhihong , Ye Gang
Published: September 2022

A synchronous motion-based control strategy for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) landing on an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) is proposed to address the problem of low accuracy or even failure of UAV landing on the surface of a USV under wave action. Firstly, the landing marks are identified and localized based on computer vision; secondly, the USV attitude angle is predicted based on a bidirectional long-short term memory (Bi-LSTM) neural network to ensure that the UAV can respond to USV attitude changes in real-time; furthermore, the UAV attitude controller is designed based on a PID algorithm to realize UAV–USV synchronous motion. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed UAV–USV synchronous motion landing scheme with high landing accuracy is more suitable for the UAV to achieve autonomous landing on a USV in a complex marine environment.
First Report of Pinnatoxins in Bivalve Molluscs from Inhaca Island (South of Mozambique)—South of the Indian Ocean
Authors: Tamele Isidro José , Timba Ilário , Vasconcelos Vitor , Costa Pedro Reis
Published: September 2022

The objective of this work was to screen the EU-regulated lipophilic and cyclic imine toxins in four bivalve species (Atrina vexillum, Pinctada imbricata, Anadara antiquata, and Saccostrea Cucculata) from the Mozambican coast in the Indian Ocean. Toxins were extracted and analyzed according to the EU reference method for the determination of lipophilic toxins in shellfish via LC–MS/MS, but no regulated toxins were found in the analyzed species. However, pinnatoxins (PnTX G, E, and F) were detected in A. vexillum, P. imbricata, and A. antiquata. Higher levels of the PnTX G were determined for A. vexillum (7.7 and 14.3 µg·kg−1) than for P. imbricata (1.6 and 2.4 µg·kg−1), and for A. antiquata (4.5 and 5.9 µg·kg−1) with both hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed extracts, respectively. The higher levels of PnTX G determined in the hydrolyzed extracts indicate the high potential of this species to esterify pinnatoxins, in particular PnTX G.
Similarity Calculation of Sudden Natural Disaster Cases with Fused Case Hierarchy—Taking Storm Surge Disasters as Examples
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Zeng Qingtian , Zhao Hua , Wang Shansong
Published: September 2022

Sudden natural disasters have the characteristics of complexity, unpredictability and frequency. To better manage and analyze sudden natural disasters promptly with the help of historical natural disaster cases, this study adopts the method of fused case structure to calculate the similarity between sudden disaster cases. Based on the disaster information of historical natural disaster cases, this paper aims to perform similarity measures for sudden natural disaster cases that contain textual information, data information and geographic location information at the same time. Taking storm surge disasters as examples, we designed a hierarchical case structure of “vertex-edge-label” based on the characteristics of sudden natural disaster cases. Then, we calculated the case similarity based on three aspects of sudden natural disasters, which were “case scenario”, “disaster damage” and “case structure”. Finally, we aggregated multiple factors to obtain the similarity between storm surge cases and conducted experiments on the historical storm surge cases in China. The result verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the method and showed a higher accuracy of the established aggregated multifactor method compared with the benchmark method.
The Culturable Mycobiota of Sediments and Associated Microplastics: From a Harbor to a Marine Protected Area, a Comparative Study
Authors: Florio Furno Matteo , Poli Anna , Ferrero Davide , Tardelli Federica , Manzini Chiara , Oliva Matteo , Pretti Carlo , Campani Tommaso , Casini Silvia , Fossi Maria Cristina , Varese Giovanna Cristina , Prigione Valeria
Published: September 2022

Fungi are an essential component of marine ecosystems, although little is known about their global distribution and underwater diversity, especially in sediments. Microplastics (MPs) are widespread contaminants worldwide and threaten the organisms present in the oceans. In this study, we investigated the fungal abundance and diversity in sediments, as well as the MPs, of three sites with different anthropogenic impacts in the Mediterranean Sea: the harbor of Livorno, the marine protected area “Secche della Meloria”; and an intermediate point, respectively. A total of 1526 isolates were cultured and identified using a polyphasic approach. For many of the fungal species this is the first record in a marine environment. A comparison with the mycobiota associated with the sediments and MPs underlined a “substrate specificity”, highlighting the complexity of MP-associated fungal assemblages, potentially leading to altered microbial activities and hence changes in ecosystem functions. A further driving force that acts on the fungal communities associated with sediments and MPs is sampling sites with different anthropogenic impacts.
Effects of Attitudes towards Exercise Behaviour, Use of Sports Apps and COVID-19 on Intentions to Exercise
Authors: Gu Peng , Liang Zeheng , Zhang Hao , Zhang Dazhi
Published: September 2022

The sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus pandemic in 2019 disrupted the normal order of life and work, and the virus is still a major threat prevailing the globe. Confronted with the unknown virus, citizens have been following government policies of COVID-19 treatment and containment, and actively improving their immunity through physical activity (PA). This paper is concerned with ways to guide or promote people’s willingness to exercise, one of the most effective means to boost immunity. Based on the “attitude–intention” correlation defined in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study, by synchronizing online data about workouts, explores the influence of people’s attitudes towards PA behaviour in promoting their intentions to engage in such behaviours as a means to fight the pandemic. In addition, the attitudes towards the use of sports apps and the epidemic are also reckoned with to investigate influencing factors promoting physical activity during the lockdown. The results of the study have been derived from the data of 1223 valid questionnaires, which are subjected to hierarchical regression analysis. Attitudes towards exercise and the use of sports apps are proven to have a significant impact on PA intentions, and the two variables are in direct proportion, with more positive attitudes leading to higher intentions; in contrast, attitudes towards the epidemic do not exhibit an obvious effect. In this light, it is advisable that when clinicians treat COVID-19 patients and medical departments respond to the epidemic, they actively make affirmative influences on peoples’ attitudes towards exercise and formulate appropriate exercise plans based on indicators detected and recorded by sports apps such as vital capacity, heart rate, respiratory index and self-perceived intensity to help them face the risk of the epidemic with more confidence.
Multimorbidity in Difficult Asthma: The Need for Personalised and Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Address a Difficult Breathing Syndrome
Authors: Varkonyi-Sepp Judit , Freeman Anna , Ainsworth Ben , Kadalayil Latha Perunthadambil , Haitchi Hans Michael , Kurukulaaratchy Ramesh J.
Published: September 2022

Three to ten percent of people living with asthma have difficult-to-treat asthma that remains poorly controlled despite maximum levels of guideline-based pharmacotherapy. This may result from a combination of multiple adverse health issues including aggravating comorbidities, inadequate treatment, suboptimal inhaler technique and/or poor adherence that may individually or collectively contribute to poor asthma control. Many of these are potentially “treatable traits” that can be pulmonary, extrapulmonary, behavioural or environmental factors. Whilst evidence-based guidelines lead clinicians in pharmacological treatment of pulmonary and many extrapulmonary traits, multiple comorbidities increase the burden of polypharmacy for the patient with asthma. Many of the treatable traits can be addressed with non-pharmacological approaches. In the current healthcare model, these are delivered by separate and often disjointed specialist services. This leaves the patients feeling lost in a fragmented healthcare system where clinical outcomes remain suboptimal even with the best current practice applied in each discipline. Our review aims to address this challenge calling for a paradigm change to conceptualise difficult-to-treat asthma as a multimorbid condition of a “Difficult Breathing Syndrome” that consequently needs a holistic personalised care attitude by combining pharmacotherapy with the non-pharmacological approaches. Therefore, we propose a roadmap for an evidence-based multi-disciplinary stepped care model to deliver this.
Assessment of Radiation-Induced Bladder and Bowel Cancer Risks after Conventionally and Hypo-Fractionated Radiotherapy for the Preoperative Management of Rectal Carcinoma
Authors: Matsali Ekaterini , Pappas Eleftherios P. , Lyraraki Efrossyni , Lymperopoulou Georgia , Mazonakis Michalis , Karaiskos Pantelis
Published: September 2022

Preoperative management of rectal carcinoma can be performed by employing either conventionally or hypo-fractionated Radiotherapy (CFRT or HFRT, respectively), delivered by Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) or Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans, employing 6 MV or 10 MV photon beams. This study aims to dosimetrically and radiobiologically compare all available approaches, with emphasis on the risk of radiation-induced second cancer to the bladder and bowel. Computed Tomography (CT) scans and relevant radiotherapy contours from 16 patients were anonymized and analyzed retrospectively. For each case, CFRT of 25 × 2 Gy and HFRT of 5 × 5 Gy were both considered. IMRT and VMAT plans using 6 MV and 10 MV photons were prepared. Plan optimization was performed, considering all clinically used plan quality indices and dose–volume constraints for the critical organs. Resulting dose distributions were analyzed and compared. Moreover, the Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) for developing radiation-induced bladder and bowel malignancies were assessed using a non-linear mechanistic model, assuming patient ages at treatment of 45, 50, 55 and 60 years. All 128 plans created were clinically acceptable. Risk of second bladder cancer reached 0.26% for HFRT (5 × 5 Gy) and 0.19% for CFRT (25 × 2 Gy) at the age of 45. Systematically higher risks were calculated for HFRT (5 × 5 Gy) as compared to CFRT (25 × 2 Gy), with 6 MV photons resulting in slightly increased LAR, as well. Similar or equal bowel cancer risks were calculated for all techniques and patient ages investigated (range 0.05–0.14%). This work contributes towards radiotherapy treatment protocol selection criteria for the preoperative irradiation of rectal carcinoma. However, more studies are needed to establish the associated radiation-induced risk of each RT protocol.
Do Online Firms Individualize Search Results? An Empirical Analysis of Individualization on Amazon
Authors: Ahmed Rasha , Al Seesi Sahar , Ruiz Sánchez Gerardo
Published: September 2022

Online markets offer sellers access to buyers’ information and, thus, the potential to alter prices and products accordingly. In light of this, we undertook an empirical analysis to test for individualization on Amazon.com. We collect data from individuals recruited to shop for household items. Our results indicate evidence of individualization of search results and net prices (via coupons). We found, contrary to what was expected, that demographic, geolocation, and account information play an insignificant role in individualization of search results. Thus, we conclude that individualization is based on more dynamic information, e.g., online browsing behavior. This highlights the fact that sellers’ need for (and use of) buyer information goes beyond the simple information accessible from the buyers’ accounts to a more rigorous monitoring of buyers’ online behavior.
Response of an Invasive Plant Species (Cynanchum acutum L.) to Changing Climate Conditions and Its Impact on Agricultural Landscapes
Authors: Ar Buse , Tuttu Gamze , Gülçin Derya , Özcan Ali Uğur , Kara Emre , Sürmen Mustafa , Çiçek Kerim , Velázquez Javier
Published: September 2022

Forecasting the distribution patterns of invasive weed species under changing climate conditions is critical for the early identification of especially vulnerable regions and the implementation of effective preventive measures. In this study, the current and potential range of stranglewort (Cynanchum acutum L.)—an invasive alien species (IAS) in certain regions—are predicted under various climate scenarios, using the maximum entropy algorithm. Species occurrence data representing the natural distribution of C. acutum and 15 of the WorldClim bioclimatic variables are used. With an ensemble method, the impact of climate change on the distribution of the species is predicted according to five CMIP6 climate change models and three scenarios (optimistic: SSP245; middle of the road: SSP370; and pessimistic: SSP585). According to the findings, it is predicted in all scenarios that C. acutum could expand its range to the north, particularly in agricultural landscapes. Therefore, the invasive status of this species will likely continue in the future. This emphasizes the need to determine the priority of conservation targets, especially for agricultural areas, to ensure food safety and protect biodiversity.
Students’ Awareness of the Local Cultural and Historical Heritage in Post-Communist Regional Centers: Yekaterinburg, Gyumri, Timisoara
Authors: Cernicova-Buca Mariana , Pevnaya Maria V. , Fedorova Maria , Bystrova Tatyana
Published: September 2022

The article presents an analysis of students’ awareness of the local cultural and historical heritage in post-communist countries, taking the examples of Yekaterinburg (Russia), Gyumri (Armenia), and Timisoara (Romania). A multidisciplinary methodology was applied, including a sociological survey, visualization of city places, and assessment of the respondents’ capacity to engage with the identified historical and cultural items. The provided data visualizations demonstrated the preferences of young people for certain spaces, and allowed assessment of young people’s awareness of selected instances of historical and cultural heritage. An attempt was made to estimate critically how historical and cultural objects are included in youth consciousness. An attractive image of the city and its positive perception can be used as a basis for engaging youth participation in the development and promotion of the city. Results can be useful for city managers and administrators, to promote better engagement with this age group and its involvement in promoting the city brand and in place production.
Access to Landscape Finance for Small-Scale Producers and Local Communities: A Literature Review
Authors: Louman Bas , Girolami Erica Di , Shames Seth , Primo Luis Gomes , Gitz Vincent , Scherr Sara J. , Meybeck Alexandre , Brady Michael
Published: September 2022

Access to finance is a key element of sustainable and inclusive landscapes. We conducted a literature review to identify the factors that contribute to or hinder inclusive financing for micro/small/medium-sized enterprises and projects across sectors in ways that collectively contribute to more sustainable landscapes in the tropics. The key factors in the design of inclusive landscape finance are landscape governance, the financial literacy of local stakeholders, access to finance technology and services, and inclusive finance facilities and associated mechanisms for integrated (i.e., multi-project, multi-sector, spatially coordinated) landscape finance. The most frequent challenges are the types of existing financial products, the lack of livelihood assets among recipients (such as capital and income), the lack of transparency in finance mechanisms, the small scale of potential business cases, and the high risks perceived by finance providers and their customers. From this review, we propose components specifically focused on financial inclusion that complement the framework for integrated landscape finance developed by the Finance Solutions Design Team for the 1000 Landscapes for 1 Billion People Initiative. We suggest how the revised framework can be applied in designing and assessing the inclusiveness of finance mechanisms for integrated landscape management and to guide further research.
Comprehensive Analysis of Adverse Events Induced by PARP Inhibitors Using JADER and Time to Onset
Authors: Yamaoka Kenta , Fujiwara Masaki , Uchida Mayako , Uesawa Yoshihiro , Muroi Nobuyuki , Shimizu Tadashi
Published: September 2022

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are effective against breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutations. Clinical trials have reported hematologic toxicity and gastrointestinal symptoms as class effects of PARP inhibitors. However, information on adverse events (AEs) in a Japanese clinical cohort is currently lacking. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive survey of the AEs of two PARP inhibitors, olaparib and niraparib, using the Japanese Adverse Reaction Reporting (JADER) database provided by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). Moreover, we also analyzed the course and time to the onset of AEs. Signals were detected for 15 and 11 AEs for olaparib and niraparib, respectively. Most occurred within the first month of treatment with either agent. These results may indicate the importance of early response and monitoring after beginning PARP inhibitor therapy. The results of this study may be useful for managing side effects and suggesting supportive care for patients using PARP inhibitors in the future.
Adaptive Optics Imaging to Analyze the Photoreceptor Layer Reconstitution in Acute Syphilitic Posterior Placoid Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Giansanti Fabrizio , Mercuri Stefano , Vannozzi Lorenzo , Govetto Andrea , Minnella Angelo Maria , Caporossi Tomaso , Savastano Alfonso , Savastano Maria Cristina , Gambini Gloria , Rizzo Stanislao , Virgili Gianni , Bacherini Daniela
Published: September 2022

Acute posterior syphilitic placoid chorioretinopathy (ASPPC) is a rare ocular manifestation of syphilis characterized by outer retinal layers involvement and drop in visual acuity. The current work documents outer retinal layer involvement in this pathology and their reconstitution with treatment by means of adaptive optics (AO). Three eyes of two patients together with four controls eyes were included in the study. Patients underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) scan centered on fovea, where vessel density (VD) and vessel perfusion (VP) were calculated. AO images centered on fovea were acquired and cone density (CD) and cone spacing (CS) were measured and compared to control group. Multimodal imaging was performed at presentation, at 10 days, and at 2-month follow-up. All eyes improved in visual acuity, with reconstitution in outer retinal layers at 2-month follow-up. Overall choriocapillary layer VD and VP improved. AO imaging was able to identify outer retinal alterations at presentation and at follow-ups, with improvement in tissue architecture. CD and CS was respectively lower and greater than controls at all follow-ups and improved within patients at the 2-month follow-up. In conclusion, AO was able to document outer retinal alterations in ASPPC at presentation and improvement over the follow-up, representing a tool to study photoreceptor layer involvement in this pathology.
Direct Writing of Functional Layer by Selective Laser Sintering of Nanoparticles for Emerging Applications: A Review
Authors: Hwang Eunseung , Hong Jungmin , Yoon Jonghun , Hong Sukjoon
Published: September 2022

Selective laser sintering of nanoparticles enables the direct and rapid formation of a functional layer even on heat-sensitive flexible and stretchable substrates, and is rising as a pioneering fabrication technology for future-oriented applications. To date, laser sintering has been successfully applied to various target nanomaterials including a wide range of metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles, and extensive investigation of relevant experimental schemes have not only reduced the minimum feature size but also have further expanded the scalability of the process. In the beginning, the selective laser sintering process was regarded as an alternative method to conventional manufacturing processes, but recent studies have shown that the unique characteristics of the laser-sintered layer may improve device performance or even enable novel functionalities which were not achievable using conventional fabrication techniques. In this regard, we summarize the current developmental status of the selective laser sintering technique for nanoparticles, affording special attention to recent emerging applications that adopt the laser sintering scheme.
Development of a Methodology for the Quality Management of Duplex Stainless Steels
Authors: Fedorov Aleksandr , Zhitenev Andrey , Karasev Vladimir , Alkhimenko Aleksey , Kovalev Pavel
Published: September 2022

The use of traditional materials leads to failures and breakdowns of expensive equipment, so advanced materials are needed that can provide reliable and durable solutions. The ability to control the quality of duplex stainless steels (DSSs) can greatly help with the development of new compositions or choosing existing DSSs. In this case, it is necessary to consider the final consumer properties—corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, which depend on the phase composition, contamination with non-metallic inclusions (NMIs), and the presence of undesirable secondary phases. In this research, specimens of cast DSSs of different grades, produced at laboratory and industrial scales, were studied. A technique for quantifying the microstructure of DSSs was developed. A thermodynamic database was chosen that adequately describes the processes of phase formation in DSSs. The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion properties of cast DSSs were studied. The effects of the structural state on the changes in consumer properties of the final product are shown. It is shown that using various deoxidation technologies, it is possible to obtain both NMIs that are dangerous in terms of corrosive activity and ones that are relatively safe.
Isothermal Hydrogen Reduction of a Lime-Added Bauxite Residue Agglomerate at Elevated Temperatures for Iron and Alumina Recovery
Authors: Skibelid Olivia Bogen , Velle Sander Ose , Vollan Frida , Van der Eijk Casper , Hoseinpur-Kermani Arman , Safarian Jafar
Published: September 2022

The hydrogen reduction of bauxite residue lime pellets at elevated temperatures was carried out to recover iron and alumina from the bauxite residue in a new process route. Prior to the H2 reduction, oxide pellets were initially prepared via the mixing of an industrial bauxite residue with fine calcite powder followed by calcination and high-temperature sintering. The chemical, compositional, and microstructural properties of both oxide and reduced pellets were studied by advanced characterization techniques. It was found that iron in the oxide pellets is mainly in the form of brownmillerite, and calcium–iron–titanate phases, while upon reduction they are converted to wüstite and shulamitite intermediate phases and further to metallic iron. Moreover, it was found that the reduction at lower temperature of 1000 °C is faster than that at higher temperatures of 1100 °C and 1200 °C. The slower rate and extent of reduction at the higher temperatures is attributed to the porosity loss and reduction mechanism change to a diffusion-controlled process step. In addition, it was found that Al-containing phases in the raw materials are converted mainly to gehlenite in sintered pellets and further to the leachable mayenite phase. The alkaline leaching of selected reduced pellets by a sodium carbonate solution yielded up to 87% Al recovery into the solution, while the metallic iron was not affected.
A Novel Interstitial Site in Binary Rock-Salt Compounds
Authors: Mishra Neeraj , Makov Guy
Published: September 2022

The energetic and mechanical stability of interstitial point defects in binary rock-salt materials were studied using the first-principles method. A novel, stable, and energetically competitive interstitial site (base-interstitial) was identified for anion interstitials in rock-salts. The formation energies of base-interstitial defects were compared with well-explored tetrahedral (body-interstitial) and split interstitials and were found to be energetically highly competitive. For alkali halides and silver bromide, the lowest formation energies are associated with the base-interstitial site and the <110> split interstitial, which are therefore the predominant interstitial sites. However, split interstitials were found to be the energetically preferred configuration in metal monochalcogenide systems. Electronic band structures are affected by the presence of interstitial defects in rock-salt structures. In particular, the Fermi level is shifted below the valence band maxima for the body, base, and split interstitials in metal halides, indicating p-type conductivity. However, the Fermi level remains within the bandgap for metal monochalcogenides, indicating no preferred conductivity for base- and split-interstitial defects. Allowing the defects to be charged changes the relative stability of the interstitial sites. However, the new base-interstitial site remains preferred over a range of potentials for alkali halides. The anion base-interstitial is found to form a triatomic entity with the nearest lattice anions that affect the electronic structure relative to the body interstitial. The discovery of a new interstitial site affects our understanding of defects in binary rock-salts, including structure and dynamics as well as associated thermodynamic and kinetic properties that are interstitial dependent.
Demolition Waste Potential for Completely Cement-Free Binders
Authors: Alani Ahmed , Lesovik Ruslan , Lesovik Valery , Fediuk Roman , Klyuev Sergey , Amran Mugahed , Ali Mujahid , de Azevedo Afonso , Vatin Nikolai
Published: September 2022

Due to renovation and fighting in the world, a huge accumulation of construction and demolition waste is formed. These materials are effectively used as aggregates, but there is very little information about the use of scrap concrete to create cementless binders. The purpose of the work is to be a comprehensive study of the composition and properties of concrete wastes of various fractions with the aim of their rational use as cementless binders. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the nature of the processes of structure formation of a cementless binder based on sandy fractions of the screening of fragments of destroyed buildings and structures, as a complex polyfunctional system, has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. Different percentages of non-hydrated clinker minerals in concrete scrap were determined. In the smallest fraction (less than 0.16 mm), more than 20% of alite and belite are present. Waste of the old cement paste is more susceptible to crushing compared to the large aggregate embedded in it, therefore, particles of the old cement paste and fine aggregate predominate in the finer fractions of the waste. Comprehensive microstructural studies have been carried out on the possibility of using concrete scrap as a completely cementless binder using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and differential thermal analysis. It has been established that for cementless samples prepared from the smallest fractions (less than 0.315 mm), the compressive strength is 1.5–2 times higher than for samples from larger fractions. This is due to the increased content of clinker minerals in their composition. The compressive strength of the cementless binder after 28 days (7.8 MPa), as well as the early compressive strength at the age of 1 day after steaming (5.9 MPa), make it possible to effectively use these materials for enclosing building structures.
On the Influence of Linear Energy/Heat Input Coefficient on Hardness and Weld Bead Geometry in Chromium-Rich Stringer GMAW Coatings
Authors: Pawlik Jan , Cieślik Jacek , Bembenek Michał , Góral Tomasz , Kapayeva Sarken , Kapkenova Madina
Published: September 2022

Wear of the working surfaces of machinery parts is a phenomenon that cannot be fully countered, only postponed. Among surface lifecycle elongation techniques, hardfacing is one which is most often used in heavy load applications. Hardfaced coating can be applied using different welding approaches or thermal spraying technologies, which differ when it comes to weld bead dimensional precision, layer thickness, process efficiency and material. In this study the authors examine the geometrical behavior and hardness properties of two distinctive chromium-based Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) cored wires. The stringer beads are applied numerically with five levels of linear energy, being a resultant of typical values of welding speed and wire feed, ranging between 250 mm/s to 1250 mm/s (welding speed) and 2 m/min to 10 m/min (wire feed). The samples were cut, etched and measured using a digital microscope and Vickers indenter, additionally the chemical composition was also examined. Hardness was measured at five points in each cutout, giving 40 measurements per sample. The values were analyzed using an ANOVA test as a statistical background in order to emphasize the divergent behavior of the cored wires. It appeared that, despite having less chromium in its chemical composition, wire DO*351 exhibits higher hardness values; however, DO*332 tends to have a more stable geometry across all of the heat input levels.
Influence of Surfacing Fe-Based Alloy Layers on Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Ni-Based Superalloys Material on Its Microstructure and Wear Properties
Authors: Yu Yingyan , Qu Zhiyuan , Zhang Jiansheng , Zhou Jie
Published: September 2022

Wire arc additively manufactured (WAAM) Ni-based materials have good properties but are costly and hard to cut, leading to difficulties in machining after welding and wasting the materials. To overcome these shortcomings, this work proposes a method of surfacing Fe-based alloy layers on WAAM Ni-based material. The effect of this method on the microstructure and wear properties of WAAM Ni-based materials is discussed. In this work, a Fe-based alloy (JX103) was welded as the last layers of the WAAM Ni-based superalloy (JX201) material. The hardness, microstructure, and wear behavior of the material with different residual Fe-based materials were tested and analyzed. Our results indicate that the surface hardness was smoothly increased from HV350 to HV400 by overlaying Fe-based alloy layers. Microstructure analysis shows that γ-Fe gradually disappears, and the carbide form changes from WAAM Ni-based superalloys to Fe-based alloys. In the fusion boundary, the occurrence of cellular dendritic growth, a type -Ⅱ boundary, and low dilution indicate good crack resistance and good connection performance between these two materials. The wear test showed that the wear resistance of JX201 was decreased by changing the last layer to JX103. However, as the residual thickness of JX103 decreased, the influence gradually reduced. Meanwhile, the wear mechanism changed from severe abrasive and adhesive wear to light abrasive wear. When the thickness is less than 0.5 mm, the wear weight per minute is at the same level as the sample without JX103.
Preparation and Performance Analysis of Ceramsite Asphalt Mixture with Phase-Change Material
Authors: Yuan Jun , He Peidong , Li Haiyang , Xu Xuesong , Sun Weiwei
Published: September 2022

In this paper, phase-change material (PCM) and ceramsite were used to increase the heat resistance of the asphalt mixture. The ceramsite asphalt mixture with PCM can bring a specific cooling effect to the road surface and alleviate the rapid deterioration at high temperature. Two phase-change materials, PCM-43 and PCM-48, were compared and selected as the heat absorption material of the asphalt mixture. It is found that PCM-43 has better thermal stability, temperature regulation performance, higher enthalpy value, and a less adverse effect on the rheological properties of asphalt. According to the road performance of the asphalt mixture, it suggests that the maximum content of ceramsite is 40%. The specific heat capacity of asphalt mixtures was studied by the method of the insulation bucket test, and the thermal conductivity coefficient of asphalt mixtures was tested by a thermal conductivity instrument. The results show that the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the asphalt mixture can be reduced by adding PCM and ceramsite. The effect of ceramsite asphalt concrete with PCM on the temperature field of road structure was further analyzed by finite element method. Due to the thermal resistance of ceramsite in the upper layer, the cooling range and depth in the middle and lower surface layers can be improved. Meanwhile, the heat absorption of phase-change material can alleviate the heating phenomenon of the upper layer. Therefore, ceramsite asphalt concrete with PCM is effective for decreasing the high temperatures in the asphalt pavements.
Preparation, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Performance of Ag/BiOBr0.85I0.15 Nanocomposites
Authors: Hu Xiaobin , Zhao Mingxing , Zheng Weihong , Zhu Junjie
Published: September 2022

In the present paper, a series of Ag/BiOBr0.85I0.15 composite nanoparticles with different silver loading were prepared by a combined solvothermal and photocatalytic reduction method. The composite samples have been characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, EDX, TEM, UV-Vis, and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques. The characterization results showed that BiOBr0.85I0.15 composite nanoparticles have a tetragonal phase structure. Silver nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the BiOBr0.85I0.15, which results in surface plasmon resonance absorption, effectively increasing the visible light absorption ability of BiOBr0.85I0.15. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of ammonia nitrogen in circulating aquaculture water under simulated sunlight irradiation. The effect of the Ag loading amount on the photocatalytic degradation of ammonia nitrogen was investigated. Silver loading of 1% (molar ratio) can effectively improve the degradation capacity of the catalyst for ammonia nitrogen in water. The recycling experiments show that 1%Ag/BiOBr0.85I0.15 has good photocatalytic stability. ESR characterization and oxidation species scavenging experimental results suggest that h+, 1O2, and ·O2− are the main oxidizing species in the photocatalytic system.