bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnesium Based Sol-Gel Derived Bioactive Glass Ceramics for Dental Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Goudouri Ourania Menti , Theodosoglou Eleni , Theocharidou Anna , Kontonasaki Eleana , Papadopoulou Lambrini , Chatzistavrou Xanthippi , Koidis Petros , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos M.
Published: October 2011

Scaffold-based tooth engineering is currently the most popular approach towards replacing dental tissues or even engineering a bio-tooth. Although, various scaffold materials have been employed in tooth regeneration, the scaffold-based tooth design has, until now, achieved only limited success. Recently, bioactive Mg-based ceramics have attracted interest as Mg plays an important role on skeletal metabolism and affects the quality and structure of hard dental tissues. Mg has been reported to improve the mechanical properties of calcium phosphate ceramics, control biodegradation rate and stabilize the cell-material interface improving cell attachment and growth. The aim of this study was the development of an experimental Mg-based ceramic material, with enhanced bioactivity and adequate mechanical properties, in order to be potentially used in dental tissue regeneration. The Mg-based ceramic was prepared by the sol-gel method, while the stabilization was performed at 1300, 1400 and 1450oC in order a fully crystalline material to be obtained. The characterization of the materials -before and after immersion is Simulated Body Fluid (SBF)- was performed by Fourier Tranform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy associated with an EDS analyzer (SEM-EDS), while the flexural strength of uniaxially pressed pellets was measured using a universal testing machine for 3- point bending tests (Instron 3344). FTIR spectra and XRD patterns of all powder samples before immersion in SBF solution confirmed the presence of three crystalline phases; akermanite, merwinite and diopside. The onset of apatite formation on the surface of all powders was observed even after three days of immersion, while the apatite formation on the surface of the sintered pellets was slightly delayed. Flexural strength values were in the range of 30Mpa. In conclusion, Mg-based glass-ceramics attain adequate mechanical integrity and high rate of bioactivity and could be potentially used in the construction of ceramic scaffolds for dental tissue regeneration.
Bond Strength of Glass-Fiber Post to Dentine after some Treatment Methods
Authors: Oral O. , Kumbuloglu O. , Lassila L.V.J. , User A. , Vallitu Pekka
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various root canal treatment methods on bonding strength of a glass-fıber post to root canal dentin. 60 human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared with ParaPost (Coltène) up to diameter of 1.75 mm with drills of 1.14, 1.25, 1.40, 1.50 and 1.75 mm from 1 mm coronal level of apices. The upper surfaces of polished areas were ground to acquire correct angle with the long axis of drills and the specimens were divided into 6 groups (n=10). Glass-fiber posts (1.5mm) (everStick POST, StickTech) were cemented with a dual-cure composite resin cement (ParaCem, Coltène) after following treatment methods. (Group 1) 0.9% isotonic NaCl solution (control), (Group 2) 2.5% NaOCl + Er:YAG Laser (Kavo K-E-Y), (Group 3) 2% Chlorhexidine + Er:YAG Laser , (Group 4) Slurry Bioactive Glass Granules (Vivoxid), (Group 5) Silane-based Primer (3M, ESPE, RelyX) + Er:YAG Laser, (Group 6) Slurry Bioactive Glass Granules + Silane-based Primer + Er:YAG Laser. From each root, two disks of 2 mm thickness was obtained. The push-out test was carried out by using a universal testing device (Lloyd LRX) with a loading tip (diameter 1.7 mm, crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min) until loosening of the post. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by post-hoc comparisons (Tukey B, p<0.05). Root canals were evaluated by SEM. Bond strength of fiber posts were significantly affected by the type of treatment (p<0.05). The highest bond strength was observed in Group 5, whereas the lowest bond strength values were recorded with the Group 3. Bond strength of glass-fiber post to root canal dentin was affected by treatment method. Treatment with laser and Bioactive Glass Granules in combination of using silane yielded the highest bond strength.
Novel Bioactive Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Gelatin-Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Hamlehkhan Azhang , Mozafari Masoud , Nezafati Nader , Azami Mahmoud , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali
Published: October 2011

Today, porous nanocomposite scaffolds play a key role in tissue engineering approaches and new processing methods and materials are constantly being developed to cater for the wide range of specifications and requirements. In addition, providing a structural support while maintaining bioactivity is one of the most important goals for these scaffolds, i.e. applying bioceramic into polymeric structures, facilitating the formation of functional tissues. In the last few years, hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been widely investigated as scaffolding material, mainly for its ability to bond to both hard and soft tissues. In this research, new bioactive scaffolds were successfully developed using poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), cross-linked gelatin and nanoparticles of HAp. After synthesis of nano HAp powder via chemical precipitation technique, the nanocomposites were prepared through layer solvent casting and lamination techniques. According to the obtained results, the amount of ultimate stress, stiffness and elastic modulus increased by addition of PCL. Also, the in vitro biocompatibility and cytocompatibility of the scaffolds were tested using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and cells found to be attached to the scaffold walls.
Apatite-Forming Ability Governing Bone-Bonding of Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta Alloy Subjected to Calcium Solution Treatment
Authors: Yamaguchi Seiji , Takadama Hiroaki , Matsushita Tomiharu , Fukuda Akinobu , Nakamura Takashi , Kokubo Tadashi
Published: October 2011

Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta alloy is an attractive metal for orthopaedic implants, since it is free from cytotoxic elements and shows high mechanical strength. It was recently shown by an animal experiment [1] that this alloy tightly bonds to living bone, when it was subjected to 5 M NaOH solution and 100 mM CaCl2 solution treatments, heat treatment at 600 or 700 °C, and final water treatment at 80 °C. The bonding strength was increased markedly when the heat treatment temperature was increased from 600 to 700 °C. This increase of the bonding strength was attributed to the increase in apatite-forming ability of the treated alloy in a simulated body fluid (SBF) [2] with ion concentrations nearly equal to human blood plasma, although its reason was not revealed yet.
Acceleration of Apatite Nucleation on Parallel Aligned Ti-Substrates with Optimum Gaps by UV-Light Pre-Irradiation
Authors: Hayakawa Satoshi , Uetsuki Keita , Kochi Akinori , Shirosaki Yuki , Osaka Akiyoshi
Published: October 2011

A recently developed “GRAPE® technology” provides titanium or titanium alloy implants with spontaneous apatite-forming ability in vitro, which requires properly designed gaps and optimum heat treatment in air. In this study, pure titanium pieces were thermally oxidized in air and pre-irradiated by UV-light under different environmental conditions such as in air or in ultra-pure water before aligning pairs of specimens in the GRAPE® set-up, i.e., two pieces of titanium substrates were aligned parallel to each other with optimum gap width (spatial design). Then, they were soaked in Kokubo’s simulated body fluid (SBF, pH7.4, 36.5°C) for 1-2 days to clarify how the UV-light pre-irradiation affects the in vitro apatite nucleation on the substrates under the specific spatial design. UV-light pre-irradiation in water led to the deposition of a large number of apatite particles within 1 day, and showed apatite X-ray diffraction, although UV-light pre-irradiation in air and non-pretreated specimens gave the deposition of a few apatite particles and did not show any apatite X-ray diffraction. These results indicated that the rate of primary heterogeneous nucleation of apatite increased by UV-light pre-irradiation in ultra-pure water. TF-XRD patterns of the surface of the substrates thermally oxidized in air at 500°C showed the peak at 2θ = 27º assignable to the 110 diffraction of rutile phase of titanium dioxide (ICDD-JCPDS data #21-1276). Previous studies reported that the primary heterogeneous nucleation must be induced by Ti-OH groups on titanium oxide layer. Probably, the UV-light pre-irradiation in ultra-pure water can increase the number of Ti-OH groups on the surface, resulting in accelerated primary heterogeneous nucleation of apatite.
Effects of Non-Silanized and Silanized Glass Particles on the Physical Properties on Denture Base Materials
Authors: Oral O. , Lassila L.V.J. , Kumbuloglu O. , User A. , Vallitu Pekka
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of silanization of the glass on denture base materials and to evaluate different types of glasses. A total of 136 Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (Palapress – Heraeus Kulzer) blocks were prepared in dimensions of 65mm x 10mm x 3mm. PMMA blocks were modified by different ratios of non-silanized and silanized Bioactive Glass Granules (BAG) (Vivoxid) and Inert Glass Granules (IG) (Vivoxid). The blocks were polished under water cooling and divided into 17 groups. (Group 1) No glass (control), (Group 2-5) 3-6-9-12% non-silanized BAG, (Group 6-9) 3-6-9-12% silanized BAG, (Group 10-13) 3-6-9-12% non-silanized IG, (Group 14-17) 3-6-9-12% silanized IG. The specimens were stored in distilled water and weighed (Mettler, Toledo) in days of 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45, 60. After water sorption test, the specimens were dried under 80°C and weighed in days of 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 for calculating the solubility values. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc comparisons (Dunnett T3, p<0.05). Water sorption and solubility values were significantly affected by the type and silanizaion of the glass (p<0.05). The highest water sorption value was observed in 12% silanized IG group (1,83±0,04%), whereas the lowest sorption values were recorded with 12% non-silanized BAG group (1,21±0,07%). Contrarily, The highest solubility value was observed in 12% non-silanized BAG group (0,98±0,03%), whereas the lowest solubility values were recorded with 12% non-silanized BAG group (0,34±0,03%). Water sorption and solubility values were affected by the type and silanization of the glass. Silanization improved the physical properties of the glass as well as the properties of the denture base material.
Phagosomal Degradation Increases TLR Access to Bacterial Ligands and Enhances Macrophage Sensitivity to Bacteria
Authors: Wolf Andrea J. , Arruda Andrea , Reyes Christopher N. , Kaplan Amber T. , Shimada Takahiro , Shimada Kenichi , Arditi Moshe , Liu George , Underhill David M.
Published: October 2011

Signaling by innate immune receptors initiates and orchestrates the overall immune responses to infection. Macrophage receptors recognizing pathogens can be broadly grouped into surface receptors and receptors restricted to intracellular compartments, such as phagosomes and the cytoplasm. There is an expectation that ingestion and degradation of microorganisms by phagocytes contributes to activation of intracellular innate receptors, although direct demonstrations of this are rare, and many model ligands are studied in soluble form, outside of their microbial context. By comparing a wild-type strain of Staphylococcus aureus and a lysozyme-sensitive mutant, we have been able directly to address the role of degradation of live bacteria by mouse macrophages in determining the overall innate cellular inflammatory response. Our investigations revealed a biphasic response to S. aureus that consisted of an initial signal resulting from the engagement of surface TLR2, followed by a later, second wave on inflammatory gene induction. This second wave of inflammatory signaling was dependent on and correlated with the timing of bacterial degradation in phagosomes. We found that TLR2 signaling followed by TLR2/TLR9 signaling enhanced sensitivity to small numbers of bacteria. We further found that treating wild-type bacteria with the peptidoglycan synthesis-inhibiting antibiotic vancomycin made S. aureus more susceptible to degradation and resulted in increased inflammatory responses, similar to those observed for mutant degradation-sensitive bacteria.
The Actin Regulatory Protein HS1 Is Required for Antigen Uptake and Presentation by Dendritic Cells
Authors: Huang Yanping , Biswas Chhanda , Klos Dehring Deborah A. , Sriram Uma , Williamson Edward K. , Li Shuixing , Clarke Fiona , Gallucci Stefania , Argon Yair , Burkhardt Janis K.
Published: October 2011

The hematopoietic actin regulatory protein hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 (HS1) is required for cell spreading and signaling in lymphocytes, but the scope of HS1 function in Ag presentation has not been addressed. We show that dendritic cells (DCs) from HS1−/− mice differentiate normally and display normal LPS-induced upregulation of surface markers and cytokines. Consistent with their normal expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules, HS1−/− DCs present OVA peptide efficiently to CD4+ T cells. However, presentation of OVA protein is defective. Similarly, MHC class I-dependent presentation of VSV8 peptide to CD8+ T cells occurs normally, but cross-presentation of GRP94/VSV8 complexes is defective. Analysis of Ag uptake pathways shows that HS1 is required for receptor-mediated endocytosis, but not for phagocytosis or macropinocytosis. HS1 interacts with dynamin 2, a protein involved in scission of endocytic vesicles. However, HS1−/− DCs showed decreased numbers of endocytic invaginations, whereas dynamin-inhibited cells showed accumulation of these endocytic intermediates. Taken together, these studies show that HS1 promotes an early step in the endocytic pathway that is required for efficient Ag presentation of exogenous Ag by DCs.
Immune Regulation through Mitochondrion-Dependent Dendritic Cell Death Induced by T Regulatory Cells
Authors: Chen Min , Felix Kumar , Wang Jin
Published: October 2011

Dendritic cells (DCs) harbor an active mitochondrion-dependent cell death pathway regulated by Bcl-2 family members and undergo rapid turnover in vivo. However, the functions for mitochondrion-dependent cell death of DCs in immune regulation remain to be elucidated. In this article, we show that DC-specific knockout of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, Bax and Bak, induced spontaneous T cell activation and autoimmunity in mice. In addition to a defect in spontaneous cell death, Bax−/−Bak−/− DCs were resistant to killing by CD4+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) compared with wild-type DCs. Tregs inhibited the activation of T effector cells by wild-type, but not Bax−/−Bak−/−, DCs. Bax−/−Bak−/− DCs showed increased propensity for inducing autoantibodies. Moreover, the autoimmune potential of Bax−/−Bak−/− DCs was resistant to suppression by Tregs. Our data suggested that Bax and Bak mediate intrinsic spontaneous cell death in DCs, as well as regulate DC killing triggered by Tregs. Bax- and Bak-dependent cell death mechanisms help to maintain DC homeostasis and contribute to the regulation of T cell activation and the suppression of autoimmunity.
Formation of B-1 B Cells from Neonatal B-1 Transitional Cells Exhibits NF-κB Redundancy
Authors: Montecino-Rodriguez Encarnacion , Dorshkind Kenneth
Published: October 2011

The stages of development leading up to the formation of mature B-1 cells have not been identified. As a result, there is no basis for understanding why various genetic defects, and those in the classical or alternative NF-κB pathways in particular, differentially affect the B-1 and B-2 B cell lineages. In this article, we demonstrate that B-1 B cells are generated from transitional cell intermediates that emerge in a distinct neonatal wave of development that is sustained for ∼2 wk after birth and then declines as B-2 transitional cells predominate. We further show that, in contrast to the dependence of B-2 transitional cells on the alternative pathway, the survival of neonatal B-1 transitional cells and their maturation into B-1 B cells occurs as long as either alternative or classical NF-κB signaling is intact. On the basis of these results, we have generated a model of B-1 development that allows the defects in B-1 and B-2 cell production observed in various NF-κB–deficient strains of mice to be placed into a coherent cellular context.
Harmonic Analysis Related to Homogeneous Varieties in Three Dimensional Vector Spaces over Finite Fields
Authors: Koh Doowon , Shen Chun-Yen
Published: October 2011

In this paper we study the extension problem, the averaging problem, and the generalized Erdős-Falconer distance problem associated with arbitrary homogeneous varieties in three dimensional vector spaces over finite fields. In the case when the varieties do not contain any plane passing through the origin, we obtain the best possible results on the aforementioned three problems. In particular, our result on the extension problem modestly generalizes the result by Mockenhaupt and Tao who studied the particular conical extension problem. In addition, investigating the Fourier decay on homogeneous varieties enables us to give complete mapping properties of averaging operators. Moreover, we improve the size condition on a set such that the cardinality of its distance set is nontrivial.
Core-Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Sangle Nikhil A. , Perkins Sherrie L.
Published: October 2011

Core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is cytogenetically defined by the presence of t(8;21)(q22;q22) or inv(16)(p13q22)/t(16;16)(p13;q22), commonly abbreviated as t(8;21) and inv(16), respectively. In both subtypes, the cytogenetic rearrangements disrupt genes that encode subunits of core-binding factor, a transcription factor that functions as an essential regulator of normal hematopoiesis. The rearrangements t(8;21) and inv(16) involve the RUNX1/RUNX1T1 (AML1-ETO) and CBFB/MYH11 genes, respectively. These 2 subtypes are categorized as AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities, and hence the cytogenetic fusion transcripts are considered diagnostic of acute leukemia even when the marrow blast count is less than 20%. The t(8;21) and inv(16) subtypes of AML have been usually grouped and reported together in clinical studies; however, recent studies have demonstrated genetic, clinical, and prognostic differences, supporting the notion that they represent 2 distinct biologic and clinical entities. This review summarizes the spectrum of this subset of AMLs, with particular emphasis on molecular genetics and pathologic findings.
College of American Pathologists Proposal for the Oversight of Laboratory-Developed Tests
Authors: Vance Gail H.
Published: October 2011

Context.—The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced it will exercise authority over laboratory-developed tests (LDTs). Laboratory-developed tests have traditionally been developed and offered in laboratories as a service to patients and regulated under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (Clinical Laboratory Improvements Act). Laboratories now face potential dual regulatory oversight from both the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the FDA. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) constructed a proposal to minimize redundancy of agency oversight and burden to laboratories. Modifications to the proposal continue while the laboratory community awaits release of the guidance documents that will stipulate FDA requirements.

Objective.—To describe the historical context framing the entry of FDA into the oversight of LDTs and outline the CAP LDT Proposal in its current form.

Data Sources.—PubMed review of published literature; United States Constitution; and online information resources from the National Institutes of Health, FDA, and US Government.

Conclusion.—The College of American Pathologists is a leader in laboratory quality and has unique insights into the benefits and risks to patients presented by LDTs. Continued dialog with officials from the FDA and CMS will promote public and private collaborative efforts to assure innovation of diagnostic testing, public information, and patient safety for clinical diagnostic testing.
The Place de la Bastille
Authors: Reader Keith
Published: October 2011

Epicentre of the Revolution of 1789, erstwhile bastion of the skilled working-class and centre of radical agitation, along with Pigalle and Montmartre a focus for popular and raffish night-life in the early twentieth century, the Bastille area of Eastern Paris (also known as the Faubourg Saint-Antoine) is now an ethnically and socially mixed quartier which still bears the traces of its previous avatars. In a fascinating tour, Keith Reader charts the history and cultural geography of this unique area of Paris, from the fortress and prison that gave the area its name to the building of the largest and costliest opera house in the world.
Experimentelle Tragsicherheitsbewertung von Stahlbetonbauteilen ohne Querkraftbewehrung
Authors: Schacht Gregor , Bolle Guido , Marx Steffen
Published: October 2011

Für die experimentelle Untersuchung von bestehenden Stahlbetonkonstruktionen ist es entscheidend, dass das Tragverhalten unmittelbar während des Versuches genau analysiert und bewertet werden kann. Nur dadurch kann ein sich ankündigendes Versagen rechtzeitig erkannt und eine unzulässig starke Schädigung der Struktur vermieden werden.

Anders als beim Biegeversagen ist dies für gering‐duktile Versagensarten, wie z. B. für das Schubversagen von Stahlbetonbauteilen ohne Bügelbewehrung, aufgrund ihrer geringen Vorankündigung bisher nicht sicher möglich.

Der Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in die Problematik der Bewertung der Schubbruchgefahr bestehender Stahlbetontragwerke und erläutert, welche Einflussparameter für eine Beurteilung, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit Belastungsversuchen, zu berücksichtigen sind. In den durchgeführten experimentellen Untersuchungen wurden unterschiedliche Messtechniken (herkömmliche Verformungsmesstechnik, Photogrammetrie und Schallemissionsanalyse) mit einander kombiniert und hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung zur Registrierung bereits kleinster Strukturveränderungen untersucht.

Experimental Assessment of the structural safety of reinforced concrete structures without shear reinforcement. For the experimental investigation of existing concrete structures it is crucial to be able to analyze and assess the load bearing behavior online during the loading test. Only this ensures that a pronouced failure or an inacceptable damage of the structure can be avoided in the test.

Unlike bending failure, this assessment is rather difficult and not yet securely possible for low‐ductile types of failure, like the shear failure of reinforced concrete structures members without web reinforcement.

This paper explains the difficulties of assessing the danger of shear failures of reinforced concrete structures und discusses which main influencing factors have to be considered for an evaluation and especially for the case of a loading test. For the experimental tests, which have been carried out, different measuring techniques (usual deformation measurement techniques, photogrammetry and acoustic emission analysis) were combined and tested regarding their suitability for the detection of smallest structural changes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Growth of Flexible LiMn2O4/CNT Lithium‐Ion Cathodes.
Authors: Jia Xilai , Yan Chunzhu , Chen Zheng , Wang Ranran , Zhang Qiang , Guo Lin , Wei Fei , Lu Yunfeng
Published: October 2011

Spontaneous redox reactions between mildly pre‐oxidized carbon nanotubes and KMnO4 (90 °C, 4 h) generate layers of MnO2 wrapped around the carbon nanotubes.
ChemInform Abstract: A 3,4‐Connected Beryllium Phosphite Framework Containing 24‐Ring Channels with a Very Low Density.
Authors: Luo Xiuchao , Luo Daibing , Zeng Hongmei , Gong Maochu , Chen Yaoqiang , Lin Zhien
Published: October 2011

The new organically templated three‐dimensional open‐framework compound (BuNH3)2[Be3(HPO3)4] is solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of BeSO4, H3PO3, BuNH2, and EtOH (autoclave, 170 °C, 5 d, 71% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Boron‐Centered Hexanuclear Zirconium Cluster Compounds with Nitrilo Ligands and [MIIICl4]‐ Counter Ions: [(Zr6B)Cl12(CH3CN)6] [MIIICl4] with MIII: Al, Ga, In.
Authors: Bernsdorf Arne , Koeckerling Martin
Published: October 2011

The chemical equilibria between different [(Zr6B)Cli12 (MeCN)6‐yClay]1‐y (0 ≤ y ≤ 6) clusters in MeCN solution is shifted to y = 0, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chiral Metal—Organic Framework for Sequential Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: Song Feijie , Wang Cheng , Lin Wenbin
Published: October 2011

The preparation of a chiral metal‐organic framework (MOF) catalyst incorporating a Mn‐salen complex and its application in highly regio‐ and stereoselective sequential alkene epoxidation/epoxide ring‐opening reactions are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions of Ethyl (E)‐ and (Z)‐3‐Fluoropropenoate.
Authors: Patrick Timothy B. , Neumann Joshua , Tatro Allison
Published: October 2011

An endo‐selective cycloaddition of (Z)‐fluoropropenoate (V) with dienes (I) is observed, whereas the (E)‐fluoropropenoate (II) gives a mixture of exo and endo products (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical, One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of α‐Amidosulfides and Their Application as Latent N‐Acylimines in the Friedel—Crafts Reaction.
Authors: George Nicolas , Bekkaye Mathieu , Masson Geraldine , Zhu Jieping
Published: October 2011

Reaction of aliphatic aldehydes, carbamates and phenylsulfinic acid affords α‐amidosulfones which are in situ converted into α‐amidosulfides.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Copper Catalyst for meta‐Selective C—H Bond Arylation.
Authors: Lee Eun Young , Park Jaiwook
Published: October 2011

The catalyst is much more reactive than homogeneous Cu(I) and Cu(II) agents and can be recycled up to three times without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Hydroxide Catalyzed Addition of Arylamines to Styrenes.
Authors: Jaspers Daniel , Doye Sven
Published: October 2011

The simple procedure can be applied to the addition of various arylamines and phenylhydrazine to arenes and is amenable to large scale synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselectivity in the Cu‐Catalyzed O‐Arylation of Phenols and Aliphatic Alcohols.
Authors: Maiti Debabrata
Published: October 2011

An orthogonal set of Cu‐catalysts for the selective mono‐arylation of alkyl aryl diols is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic, Cu‐Catalyzed Desulfitative C—C Bond‐Forming Reaction of Ketene Dithioacetals/Vinylogous Thioesters and Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Dong Ying , Wang Mang , Liu Jun , Ma Wei , Liu Qun
Published: October 2011

The synthesis of compounds (III), (VI), and (VIII) uses attractive, readily available ketene dithioacetals and involves dual catalysis of Cu for the activation of thioorganics without the use of an S‐pendant.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Radical Cyclization of 3‐Oxopropanenitriles and Alkenes with Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate in Ether Solvents.
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet
Published: October 2011

THF is found to be the most effective solvent for the synthesis of 4,5‐dihydrofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Procedure for the Preparation of 2‐Vinylindoles and Their [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Mohamed Yaseen Ali Mosa , Inagaki Fuyuhiko , Takahashi Ryohei , Mukai Chisato
Published: October 2011

The frameworks are formed via 5‐exo‐mode cyclization of allenylanilines.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light‐Induced Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions of Diamines: A New Strategy to Construct Tetrahydroimidazoles.
Authors: Xuan Jun , Cheng Ying , An Jing , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Zhang Xiao‐Xiao , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: October 2011

This catalytic photoredox reaction shows high diastereoselectivity and affords highly substituted tetrahydroimidazole derivatives under mild conditions in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Aryl‐2‐nitrosoanilines as Intermediates in the Two‐Step Synthesis of Substituted 1,2‐Diarylbenzimidazoles from Simple Nitroarenes.
Authors: Wrobel Zbigniew , Stachowska Karolina , Grudzien Krzysztof , Kwast Andrzej
Published: October 2011

Nitroso‐substituted diarylamines, previously prepared from nitrobenzenes and anilines, undergo base‐mediated condensation with benzyl aryl sulfones to afford the title compounds generally in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorination and ortho‐Acetoxylation of 2‐Arylbenzoxazoles.
Authors: Leng Yuting , Yang Fan , Zhu Weiguo , Wu Yangjie , Li Xiang
Published: October 2011

Acetoxylation of 2‐arylbenzoxazoles (I) is ligand‐controlled and proceeds regioselectively at the ortho‐position of the 2‐aryl ring [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: “One‐Flask” Synthesis to 3,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles from Aldehydes with Hydrazonoyl Hydrochlorides via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Tseng Wen‐Che , Wang Li‐Ya , Wu Tian‐Shung , Wong Fung Fuh
Published: October 2011

Hydrazonyl hydrochlorides are concerned as the masked 1,3‐dipole nitrilimines under basic conditions which react with in situ formed oxime intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of 2‐Trimethylsilylpyridine with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Blakemore David C. , Marples Louise A.
Published: October 2011

The Hiyama coupling of substrate (I) with aryl halides is optimized including CataCXium A as the optimal ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heterocyclic Inputs for the Povarov Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Vicente‐Garcia Esther , Ramon Rosario , Lavilla Rodolfo
Published: October 2011

Various 5‐membered heterocycles such as imidazolone and analogues are investigated as novel components for the title reaction opening an access to heterocycle‐annulated quinoline systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Syntheses of Substituted Pyridines and 2,2′‐Bipyridines by Cobalt‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of α,ω‐Diynes with Nitriles.
Authors: Sugiyama Yuki , Okamoto Sentaro
Published: October 2011

α,ω‐Diynes react with nitriles under conditions A) to give annulated pyridine systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Purine‐Based Fluoroaryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles as Neuroprotecting Agents: Synthesis, Neuronal Cell Culture Investigations, and CDK5 Docking Studies.
Authors: Nair Nanditha , Kudo Wataru , Smith Mark A. , Abrol Ravinder , Goddard William A. III , Reddy V. Prakash
Published: October 2011

Key reaction in the synthesis of the title compounds (V) is a Cu(I) catalyzed azide alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (click reaction).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity in the Amination of Azines: Reaction of Pyrazine Derivatives with O‐Mesitylenesulfonylhydroxylamine.
Authors: Borodkin G. I. , Vorob'ev A. Yu. , Shakirov M. M. , Shubin V. G.
Published: October 2011

The data obtained on the regioselectivity of amination are interpreted in terms of DFT/PBE/3Z quantum‐chemical calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel, One‐Pot Four‐Component Route to 2′‐Thioxo‐2′,3′‐dihydrospiro[indole‐3,6′‐[1,3]thiazin]‐2‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Mokhtari Javad
Published: October 2011

The formation of the title spiro compounds is proposed to proceed via cyclization of an in situ generated α,β‐unsaturated ketone derived from isatin (I) and phosphorane (II) with the carbamodithioate resulting from the addition of the amine to CS2.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Lithiated Alkynes and Allenes with Isothiocyanates: A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of New Aryl‐ or Hetaryl‐Substituted 3H‐Azepines and 4,5‐Dihydro‐3H‐azepines.
Authors: Nedolya Nina A. , Tarasova Ol'ga A. , Volostnykh Ol'ga G. , Albanov Alexander I. , Klyba Ludmila V. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: October 2011

A general protocol for the preparation of target compounds (VI)/(VII) involves the synthesis of allenes (IV), their mild thermal isomerization to trienes (V) followed by base‐promoted cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 3‐O‐Thia‐cPA and Preliminary Analysis of Its Biological Activity Toward Autotaxin.
Authors: Tanaka Ryo , Kato Masaru , Suzuki Takahiro , Nakazaki Atsuo , Nozaki Emi , Gotoh Mari , Murakami‐Murofushi Kimiko , Kobayashi Susumu
Published: October 2011

Cyclic thiophosphatidic acids of type (V) (4 examples) are prepared involving an intramolecular Arbuzov reaction as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Defining Oxyanion Reactivities in Base‐Promoted Glycosylations.
Authors: Matwiejuk Martin , Thiem Joachim
Published: October 2011

The absolute and relative yields of the NaH promoted glycosylation of trimethylated α‐D‐glucopyranosides with 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐methyl‐α‐D‐galactopyranosyl chloride indicate a reactivity sequence of isolated OH groups of 2‐OH < 4‐OH < 6‐OH < 3‐OH.
ChemInform Abstract: Diamond‐based Structures to Collect and Guide Light
Authors: Castelletto S. , Harrison J. P. , Marseglia L. , Stanley‐Clarke A. C. , Gibson B. C. , Fairchild B. A. , Hadden J. P. , Ho Y.‐L. D. , Hiscocks M. P. , Ganesan K. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2011

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nanotube‐Based Extraction and Electrochemical Detection of Heavy Metals
Authors: Musameh Mustafa M. , Hickey Mark , Kyratzis Ilias Louis
Published: October 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Indoles via Diels—Alder/Plieninger Indolization Sequence: Applications in Total Synthesis
Authors: Sapeta Katarina , Lebold Terry P. , Kerr Michael A.
Published: October 2011

Review: ca. 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecules That Modulate Apaf‐1 Activity
Authors: Perez‐Paya Enrique , Orzaez Mar , Mondragon Laura , Wolan Dennis , Wells James A. , Messeguer Angel , Vicent Maria J.
Published: October 2011

Review: 181 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis, Asymmetric Synthesis, and Pharmacology, Including Cellular Targets, of the Pyrrole‐2‐aminoimidazole Marine Alkaloids
Authors: Al‐Mourabit Ali , Zancanella Manuel A. , Tilvi Supriya , Romo Daniel
Published: October 2011

Review: ca. 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Peptide Coupling Reagents — An Update
Authors: Prasad K. V. S. R. G. , Bharathi K. , Haseena Banu B.
Published: October 2011

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Solution Reaction Rate Constants for Hydrogen Atoms
Authors: Madden Keith P. , Mezyk Stephen P.
Published: October 2011

Review: 198 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Smart Nanocontainers as Depot Media for Feedback Active Coatings
Authors: Shchukin Dmitry G. , Moehwald Helmuth
Published: October 2011

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiscale Modeling of Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions: Mechanism Development for Complexity and Emergent Behavior
Authors: Salciccioli M. , Stamatakis M. , Caratzoulas S. , Vlachos D. G.
Published: October 2011

Review: 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cation‐π and Anion‐π Interactions
Authors: Frontera Antonio , Quinonero David , Deya Pere M.
Published: October 2011

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Theoretical and Experimental Advances in the Electronic Circular Dichroisms of Planar Chiral Cyclophanes
Authors: Mori Tadashi , Inoue Yoshihisa
Published: October 2011

Review: 63 refs.
Binderless Zeolite Molecular Sieves of the LTA and FAU Type
Authors: Schumann Kristin , Brandt Alfons , Unger Baldur , Scheffler Franziska
Published: October 2011

Zeolithische Molekularsiebe gehören nach wie vor zu den industriell bedeutendsten Adsorbentien. In dynamischen, technischen Adsorptionsprozessen ist die Verwendung von Formkörpern unumgänglich. Diese werden konventionell mithilfe von mineralischen Bindemitteln hergestellt. In diesem Artikel werden neuartige, bindemittelfreie Molekularsiebe und deren Vorteile gegenüber den konventionellen, bindemittelhaltigen Produkten beschrieben.
Importance of Structural Motifs in Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride
Authors: Perlt Eva , Friedrich Joachim , von Domaros Michael , Kirchner Barbara
Published: October 2011

The investigation of liquid phases by means of accurate electronic structure methods is a demanding task due to the high computational effort. We applied second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory and high‐level quantum chemical calculations using the coupled‐cluster method with single, double and perturbative triple excitations in combination with Dunnings correlation‐consistent basis sets up to quintuple ζ quality. Based on these calculations, we extrapolated the correlation energy to the basis set limit in order to improve the results even further. For comparison to the correlated electronic structure methods, density functional calculations employing different functionals are presented as well. The investigated species are a cyclic pentamer as well as a set of branched structures. The quantum cluster equilibrium method is employed for the investigation of the liquid‐phase structure of hydrogen fluoride. The pentamer is found to be present to a high extent and in the case of the MP2/QZVP data, its presence improves the results significantly. Accounting for branched structures slightly improves results, so that they are found to be present but not to dominate in liquid hydrogen fluoride. Concerning both the interaction energy and the result of the quantum cluster equilibrium calculation the basis set has a major influence, whereas the difference between Møller–Plesset perturbation theory and coupled‐cluster calculations is less pronounced.
Synthesis of mercuric iodide and bismuth tri‐iodide nanoparticles for heavy metal iodide films nucleation
Authors: Fornaro L. , Aguiar I. , Pérez Barthaburu M. , Pereira H. Bentos
Published: October 2011

We synthesized mercuric iodide and bismuth tri‐iodide nanoparticles by suspension in octadecene, from Hg(NO3)2.H2O and I2, and from Bi(NO3)3.5H2O and I2, respectively. The best synthesis conditions were 2 h at 70‐80 °C, followed by 10 min at 110 °C for mercuric iodide nanoparticles, and 4 h at 80‐110 °C, followed by 10 min at 180‐210 °C for bismuth tri‐iodide ones. Nanoparticles were then washed and centrifuged with ether repeatedly. Compounds identity was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). We found shifts of the X‐ray diffraction maxima for nanoparticles of both compounds. We characterized the nanoparticles by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. We obtained disk‐like and squared mercuric iodide nanostructures, 80‐140 nm and 100‐125 nm in size respectively. We also obtained rounded and rod‐like bismuth tri‐iodide nanoparticles, 30‐500 nm in size. Acetonitrile and isopropanol suspensions of mercuric iodide nanoparticles, and acetonitrile suspension of bismuth tri‐iodide nanoparticles exhibited peak maxima shifts in their UV‐Vis spectra. We synthesized for the first time mercuric iodide and bismuth tri‐iodide nanoparticles by the suspension method, although we have not yet obtained uniform shape and size distributions. They offer interesting perspectives for crystalline film nucleation and for improving current applications of these materials, as well as for opening new ones. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dependence of photoluminescence properties on excitation power in ZnO and ZnCdO microrods
Authors: Ye Xiaoliang , Mao Huibing , Wang Jiqing
Published: October 2011

ZnO and ZnCdO microrods have been prepared through a chemical bath deposition method. The structure of microrods has been characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Photoluminescence spectra were recorded for ZnO and ZnCdO microrods at different excitation powers. The intensity of UV emission is enhanced with increasing excitation power. The width of UV emission increases for spectra at higher excitation powers. In particular, the paper shows that the influence of excitation power on the shift of emission band for ZnCdO microrods is more remarkable than that of ZnO microrods with the increase of excitation power. The definite experimental evidence demonstrated that the temperature coefficient β of ZnCdO microrods is much larger than the temperature coefficient of ZnO microrods. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
“An ape's view of the Oldowan” revisited
Authors: Wynn Thomas , Hernandez‐Aguilar R. Adriana , Marchant Linda F. , Mcgrew William C.
Published: October 2011

In 1989, Wynn and McGrew published an explicit comparison between Oldowan technology and what was then known of chimpanzee technology.1They compared the range and variety of tools, adaptive role of tools, carrying distances, spatial cognition, manufacturing procedures, and modes of learning. They concluded that everything archeologists had reconstructed about the behavior of Oldowan hominins could be accommodated within the ape adaptive grade; that is, a paraphyletic group united by overall similarities in anatomy and, in this case, behavior. The only Oldowan activities that were almost unknown for modern apes were the long‐distance transport of objects and direct competition with carnivores, which was implied by meat acquisition activities. “In its general features Oldowan culture was ape, not human. Nowhere in this picture need we posit elements such as language, extensive sharing, division of labor, or pair‐bonded families, all of which are part of the baggage carried by the termhuman.”1:394© 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 gene (FGFR4) 388Arg allele predicts prolonged survival and platinum sensitivity in advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Marmé Frederik , Hielscher Thomas , Hug Sarah , Bondong Sandra , Zeillinger Robert , Castillo‐Tong Dan Cacsire , Sehouli Jalid , Braicu Ioana , Vergote Ignace , Isabella Cadron , Mahner Sven , Ferschke Irmgard , Rom Joachim , Sohn Christof , Schneeweiss Andreas , Altevogt Peter
Published: October 2011

FGFR4 has been shown to play an important role in the etiology and progression of solid tumors. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the FGFR4 gene has previously been linked to prognosis and response to chemotherapy in breast cancer and other malignancies. This study evaluates the relevance of this SNP in advanced ovarian cancer. FGFR4‐genotype was analyzed in 236 patients recruited as part of the OVCAD project. Genotyping was performed on germ‐line DNA using a TaqMan based genotyping assay. Results were correlated with clinicopathological variables and survival. The FGFR4 388Arg genotype was significantly associated with prolonged progression‐free and overall survival (univariate: HR 0.68, p = 0.017; HR 0.49, p = 0.005; multivariate: HR 0.69, p = 0.025; HR 0.49, p = 0.006) though the positive prognostic value was restricted to patients without postoperative residual tumor. Indeed, there was a significant interaction between FGFR4 genotype and residual tumor for overall survival. Furthermore, the FGFR4 388Arg genotype significantly correlated with platinum sensitivity in the same subgroup (multivariate OR 3.81 p = 0.004). FGFR4 Arg388Gly genotype is an independent and strong context specific prognostic factor in patients with advanced ovarian cancer and could be used to predict platinum‐sensitivity.
Single‐Molecule Studies of HIV‐1 Protease Catalysis Enabled by Chemical Protein Synthesis
Authors: Torbeev Vladimir Yu. , Myong Su‐A , Ha Taekjip , Kent Stephen B. H.
Published: October 2011

Single‐molecule fluorescence studies of the proteolytic activity of the enzyme HIV‐1 protease were performed using FRET‐pair dye labeled peptide substrates and substrate‐derived inhibitors prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis. Chemical protein synthesis was used to prepare homodimeric HIV‐1 protease in soluble form and to prepare a covalent dimer 203 amino acid residue HIV‐1 protease containing a biotin tether at the mid‐point of the synthetic protein molecule. The biotin‐tagged HIV‐1 protease was immobilized on a neutravidin‐coated glass slide. Total internal reflection excitation multiwavelength fluorescence spectroscopy was used to monitor substrate binding and cleavage by the synthetic enzyme molecules. Single‐molecule traces for the dye‐labeled peptide substrate showed distinct binding and cleavage events; the corresponding dye‐labeled peptide inhibitor showed only the binding event. These results constitute strong proof‐of‐principle for the utility of chemical peptide and protein synthesis for single‐molecule studies of enzyme catalysis.
Determinants of the specificity of protease‐activated receptors 1 and 2 signaling by factor Xa and thrombin
Authors: Rana Soumendra , Yang Likui , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Rezaie Alireza R.
Published: October 2011

Factor Xa (FXa) elicits intracellular signaling responses through the activation of protease‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and possibly also through PAR1 in endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated FXa signaling in endothelial cells when the protease was either in free form or assembled into the prothrombinase complex. Furthermore, we prepared several wild‐type and mutant PAR1 and PAR2 cleavage‐reporter constructs in which their exodomains were fused to cDNA encoding for a soluble alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In the mutants, P2 residues were exchanged between PAR1 and PAR2 cleavage‐reporter constructs and the hirudin‐like binding site (HLBS) of PAR1 was inserted into the homologous site of PAR2. In non‐transfected cells, FXa elicited a protective response which could be blocked by a specific anti‐PAR2 but not by an anti‐PAR1 antibody. A similar protective activity was observed for FXa in the prothrombinase complex. Further studies revealed that neither the Gla‐ nor EGF1‐domain of FXa is required for its signaling activity, however, the N‐terminus Arg‐86 and Lys‐87 of the EGF2‐domain were essential. In the cleavage‐reporter transfected cells, FXa cleaved the PAR2 construct effectively, however, replacing its P2‐Gly with P2‐Pro of PAR1 impaired its cleavage by FXa but improved it by thrombin. A PAR2 construct containing both P2‐Pro and HLBS of PAR1 was poorly cleaved by FXa, but effectively by thrombin. A PAR1 construct containing P2 and P3 residues of PAR2 was poorly cleaved by thrombin but effectively by FXa. These results provide new insight into mechanisms through which coagulation proteases specifically interact with their target PAR receptors. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 977–984, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ox‐LDL‐induced TGF‐β1 production in human alveolar epithelial cells: Involvement of the Ras/ERK/PLTP pathway
Authors: Guo Ling‐Li , Chen Ya‐Juan , Wang Tao , An Jing , Wang Cheng‐Na , Shen Yong‐Chun , Yang Ting , Zhao Li , Zuo Qiu‐Nan , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Xu Dan , Wen Fu‐Qiang
Published: October 2011

Oxidized‐low density lipoprotein (Ox‐LDL) has been shown to play an important role in impaired surfactant metabolism and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is a critical mediator in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this study, we investigated whether Ox‐LDL can induce TGF‐β1 protein production, and if so, how it achieves this induction in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549). We show here that Ox‐LDL not only caused a dose‐ and time‐dependent up‐regulation of TGF‐β1 production, but also increased Smad3 phosphorylation, Ras/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activity and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) expression in A549 cells. The inhibition of Ras/ERK activity with specific inhibitors significantly suppressed Ox‐LDL‐induced TGF‐β1 production, Smad3 phosphorylation and PLTP expression. Furthermore, treatment of cells with PLTP siRNA suppressed both TGF‐β1 release and Smad3 activation induced by Ox‐LDL, but not the activation of Ras/ERK cascade. Taken together, we provide evidences that induction of TGF‐β1 production and Smad3 phosphorylation by Ox‐LDL is mediated by Ras/ERK/PLTP pathway in human alveolar epithelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3185–3191, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.