bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity assessment of zinc sulfate: A commonly used compound
Authors: Akbaba Giray Buğra
Published: August 2020

Because zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) is widely used in many fields such as biomedicine, electronics, and chemistry, it is important to evaluate its toxic effects. In this study, the cyto-genotoxic effects of ZnSO4 on meristematic cells in the root tip of Allium cepa L. were investigated. After calculating the effective concentration (EC50 = 70 ppm) of ZnSO4, A. cepa root tip cells were suspended for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in solutions of 35 ppm (EC50/2), 70 ppm (EC50), and 140 ppm (EC50 × 2) concentrations. Using the counts of dividing cells, the mitotic index (MI) was calculated. Chromosome aberration index (CAI) was determined from percentages of abnormal cells. When the obtained data were statistically evaluated, it was determined that all application concentrations caused a significant decrease in MI and an increase in CAI compared to the control group (distilled water). It was concluded that increased ZnSO4 dose concentrations and exposure times caused cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in the root cells of A. cepa L.
Discriminatory alteration of carbohydrate homeostasis by gold nanoparticles ingestion in Drosophila
Authors: Raj Akanksha , Shah Prasanna , Singh Akanksha , Agrawal Namita
Published: August 2020

With the extensive usage of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in various industrial sectors and biomedical applications, evaluation of their possible effects on human health becomes imperative. Therefore, the present study was aimed toward assessing the dose-dependent impact of AuNPs ingestion on metabolic homeostasis using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. We found that larval ingestion of higher dose of AuNPs significantly reduced body weight. Further analysis of the crucial energy reservoir showed selective alteration in carbohydrate levels without any change in the lipid and protein levels. Transcriptional downregulation of glycogen synthase further supported impaired glycogen metabolism in flies supplemented with higher dose of AuNPs. Additionally, ingestion of higher dose of AuNPs in larvae results in significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the peripheral tissues, suggestive of stress condition. Our findings clearly imply that supplementing higher doses of AuNPs at an early developmental stage can potentially cause weight loss, impair glycogen metabolism, and elevate ROS production. Therefore, determination of a biologically effective dose is critical for the safety of mankind and vulnerable populations at the workplace.
An innovation procurement clinical framework: A qualitative study
Authors: Coderre-Ball Angela M. , Dalgarno Nancy , Baumhour Jessica , Zubani Vittoria , Ko Iris , van Wylick Richard , Fitzpatrick Michael
Published: August 2020

Innovation Procurement Strategies (IPS) strive for purchasing healthcare solutions that do not yet exist on the market and are increasingly being advocated to improve health outcomes while managing escalating healthcare costs. Due to the newness of IPS, there are limited resources available to healthcare organizations and professionals looking to engage in IPS. The purpose of this study was to develop an evidence-based clinical framework to guide healthcare organizations and professionals. Adopting a qualitative grounded theory approach, we interviewed participants with experience in innovation procurement to understand the skills, resources, and supports needed to initiate and oversee an IPS project. Using thematic design and open coding, three overarching themes emerged from the data and formed the basis of our IPS clinical framework. By describing the components, skills, and supports and resources necessary for engaging in IPS, our framework addresses the knowledge gap in healthcare organizations and professionals wishing to implement IPS.
Plasma Endothelial Glycocalyx Components as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Development of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Huang Xiao , Hu Haoran , Sun Ting , Zhu Weiwei , Tian Huanhuan , Hao Dong , Wang Tao , Wang Xiaozhi
Published: August 2020

Background:

Sepsis coagulopathy or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) mainly due to progressive endothelial disruption and damage. The glycocalyx is expressed on the endothelial cell surface and contributes to anti-thrombogenicity, anti-inflammatory, and regulates vascular permeability. We aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of plasma glycocalyx components as biomarkers in predicting the onset of DIC in sepsis.

Materials and methods:

This was a prospective observational study of 45 patients with sepsis (June to December 2018). Demographic, clinical (Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II [APACHE II], Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA]), and laboratory data from medical records were analyzed. Endothelial glycocalyx components (syndecan-1, heparan sulfate, hyaluronan) were measured using an ELISA kit.

Results:

Among the 45 patients (23, sepsis; 22, septic shock), plasma syndecan-1, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan levels were higher in those with septic shock and were positively correlated with disease severity as determined by the APACHE II and SOFA scores and lactate levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed high sensitivity and specificity of syndecan-1 for predicting septic shock. Further, these levels were compared between patients with or without the development of DIC. Plasma syndecan-1 and hyaluronan levels were significantly elevated in patients with DIC compared to those in patients without DIC and were strongly associated with activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and platelet counts. Area under the curve values for predicting DIC based on syndecan-1 and hyaluronan levels measurements were 0.774 and 0.740, respectively.

Conclusions:

Increased plasma syndecan-1 and hyaluronan levels may be indicators of disease severity and useful predictors for DIC development in sepsis.
Incidence, Time Course and Influence on Quality of Life of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness Symptoms in Long-Term Intensive Care Survivors
Authors: Meyer-Frießem Christine H. , Malewicz Nathalie M. , Rath Sabrina , Ebel Melanie , Kaisler Miriam , Tegenthoff Martin , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Pogatzki-Zahn Esther M. , Maier Christoph , Zahn Peter K.
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) can manifest as muscle weakness or neuropathy-like symptoms, with diagnosis remaining a challenge. Uncertainties surround the long-term cause and sequelae. Therefore, the purpose was to assess incidence, time course and long-term influence on quality of life (QoL) of symptoms in ICU survivors

Methods:

After ethical approval and registration ( www.drks.de : DRKS00011593), in a single-center cohort study all patients admitted to the ICU in 2007–2017 in a German university hospital were screened. Out of 1,860 patients (≥7d ICU care including ventilation support for ≥72 h, at least 6mo-10y after ICU) 636 were deceased, 912 survivors were contacted.

Results:

149 former patients (age: 63.5 ± 13.1y; males: 73%; duration in ICU: 20.8 ± 15.7d; duration of ventilation: 16.5 ± 13.7 h; time post-ICU: 4.4 ± 2.7y, 5-10y: 43%) consented to be interviewed concerning occurrence, duration, recovery and consequences of ICUAW-associated muscle weakness or neuropathy-like symptoms after ICU. In 75% at least 1 persistent or previous symmetrical symptom was reported (myopathy-like muscle weakness: 43%; neuropathy-like symptoms: 13%; both: 44%) and rated as incidence of ICUAW. However, only 18% of participants had received an ICUAW diagnosis by their physicians, although 62% had persistent symptoms up to 10y after ICU (5-10y: 46%). Only 37% of participants reported a complete recovery of symptoms, significantly associated with an initially low number of symptoms after ICU ( p < 0.0001), myopathy-like symptoms ( p = 0.024), and younger age at the time of ICU admission (55.7 ± 13.1 vs. 62.6 ± 10.6y, p < 0.001). ICUAW still impaired the QoL at the time of the interview in 74% of affected survivors, with 30% reporting severe impairment.

Conclusion:

ICUAW symptoms were disturbingly common in the majority of long-term survivors, indicating that symptoms persist up to 10y and frequently impair QoL. However, only a small number of patients had been diagnosed with ICUAW. Trial registry: Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS), https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00011593 , registration number: DRKS00011593.
A new hydrophilic biodegradable ureteral stent restrain encrustation both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Yu , He Jian , Chen Hechun , Xiong Chengdong
Published: August 2020

Ureteral stents have been widely used as biomedical devices to treat some urological diseases for several decades. However, the encrustation complications hamper the long-time clinical use of the ureteral stents. In this work, a new type of biodegradable material for the ureteral stents, methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lactide-ran-Ɛ-caprolactone) (mPEG-PLACL), is evaluated to overcome this problem. The results show that the hydrophilicity and degradation rate in artificial urine of mPEG-PLACL are both significantly increased. It is worth noting that the mPEG-PLACL shows a lower amount of encrustation after immersing the stents in the dynamic urinary extracorporeal circulation (DUEC) model for 7 days. In addition, 71% Ca and 92% Mg are inhibited in vivo by quantitative analysis. Pathological analysis exhibit that the mPEG-PLACL cause less diffuse mucosal hyperplasia after 7 weeks of implantation. All the results indicate that this new type of biodegradable material had an excellent potential for the ureteral stents in the future.
Palmatine-loaded electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds accelerate wound healing and inhibit hypertrophic scar formation in a rabbit ear model
Authors: Jiang Zhimin , Zhao Lichi , He Feixiang , Tan Haixin , Li Yongling , Tang Yu , Duan Xiaoqun , Li Yingying
Published: August 2020

Hypertrophic scar (HS) has been considered as a great concern for patients and a challenging problem for clinicians as it can cause functional debility, cosmetic disfigurement and psychological trauma. Although many methods have been developed to prevent and treat HS, the scarless healing is still a worldwide medical problem. In this study, palmatine-loaded poly( ε-caprolactone)/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds (PCL/GE/PALs) were fabricated by electrospinning, and their effects on wound healing and HS formation were investigated. These nanofiber mats exhibit good antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In vitro studies indicate PCL/GE/PAL scaffolds can facilitate the adhesion, spreading and proliferation of L929 fibroblasts. In vivo tests demonstrate the full-thickness wounds treated with PCL/GE/PAL scaffolds heal about 3.5 days earlier than those in the control group. Scar elevation index measurements and histological analyses reveal PCL/GE/PAL scaffolds significantly inhibit HS formation, with the decrease in the thickness of dermis and epidermis, the number of fibroblasts, as well as the density of collagen and microvascular. Accelerating wound healing and inhibiting HS formation of these scaffolds are contributed to the sustained release of palmatine. The present work validates the potential use of palmatine-loaded electrospun nanofibrous scaffold PCL/GE/PALs as a functional wound dressing for healing wounds and preventing HS formation.
Relationships Between Opioid-Related Hospitalizations and Intimate Partner Violence and Child Maltreatment Hospitalizations in Pennsylvania Across Space and Time
Authors: Sumetsky Natalie , Burke Jessica G. , Mair Christina
Published: August 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment outcomes are markedly associated with substance abuse disorders. However, few studies have explored these serious family violence outcomes in connection to the opioid epidemic or population-level geographic connections between these variables. This study assesses associations of ZIP code-level IPV and child maltreatment hospitalization outcomes with opioid- and alcohol-related diagnoses as well as economic and demographic neighborhood characteristics. We used 11 years (2004–2014) of ZIP code-level Pennsylvania hospital discharge data and U.S. Census neighborhood characteristics data. As nearby ZIP codes are more likely to be similar than those that are distant, we incorporated spatial autocorrelation using conditionally autoregressive Bayesian hierarchical space–time models. There was a positive relationship between ZIP code-level opioid-related diagnoses and both IPV (relative risk 1.061; 95% credible interval [1.015, 1.106]) and child maltreatment (relative risk 1.055; 95% credible interval [1.035, 1.070]) hospitalizations. There was a positive relationship between alcohol-related diagnoses and IPV but not child maltreatment. Higher median household incomes were associated with lower counts of both IPV and child maltreatment hospitalizations. To illustrate geographic heterogeneity of model estimates, posterior distributions were used to compare variability of effects across ZIP codes. Our findings emphasize the secondary implications of the opioid epidemic in the form of family violence within communities.
Constituting Resilience at Work: Maintaining Dialectics and Cultivating Dignity throughout a Worksite Closure
Authors: Wieland Stacey M. B.
Published: August 2020

Job insecurity—seen in practices like temporary work, furloughs, and site closures—is an ongoing reality for increasing numbers of workers. While the communicative constitution of resilience in situations of job loss has received significant attention, we know little about how resilience is constituted in the face of ongoing job insecurity. This study explores that question by considering how a group of employees enacted resilience during the 22-month period between the announcement that their worksite would close and the actual closure. Based on in-depth interviews, this study considers how soon-to-be terminated employees created and maintained resilience by (de)centering themselves, framing the future optimistically, affirming their value, keeping work in perspective, and caring for one another. These findings point to the importance of sensemaking that enabled employees to hold conflicting emotions and interpretations in tension and meaningfully enact purpose, agency, and humanity. Specifically, the analysis suggests that maintaining dialectics and cultivating dignity are important for constituting resilience. This study contributes to our understanding of the communicative constitution of resilience by offering a sixth central process—maintaining dialectics—to the communication theory of resilience and suggesting that workplace interactions that cultivate dignity enable resilience.
Privacy Rule Decision Criteria: An Examination of Core and Catalyst Criteria that Shape Disclosures in the Work-Spouse Relationship
Authors: McBride M. Chad , Thorson Allison R. , Bergen Karla Mason
Published: August 2020

Despite the prevalence of work spouses, scarce empirical research has focused on the communication occurring within these relationships, leaving managers with little understanding as to whether organizations can or should communicate support for employees forming these relationships and how privacy is navigated among work spouses. Building on McBride and Bergen’s conceptualization of the work-spouse relationship, we used Communication Privacy Management theory (CPM) to understand what, if any, privacy rule decision criteria individuals used as they negotiated disclosures within their work-spouse relationships. Analysis of interviews with 41 people in work-spouse relationships suggests that participants recognized both their own core privacy rule decision criteria and when these criteria were similar to or different from the criteria influencing their work spouse’s. Furthermore, work-spouse relationships formed despite organizational efforts to keep them at bay. Theoretically, the findings add to CPM theory, such that they establish the need to examine catalyst criteria as current and previous, as well as argue for the addition of confirming criteria to account for situations in which catalysts reinforce routinized privacy rules. Overall, the findings from this study advance the literature on communication in the work-spouse relationship and CPM theory and highlight the role that workplaces play in fostering these types of relationships.
‘Producing’ childhood: The making of childhood and children in theatre
Authors: Sen Hia
Published: August 2020

The performance of child roles and childhood on stage requires specific skills and resources. It also depends upon certain acting strategies and training. This article explores productions for children by theatre companies in India, analysing the meaning of these performance abilities, strategies and their relation to chronological age, experience and actors’ appearances. It shows how the conceptualisation of childhood and its ontological status can benefit from theatre as a locus of inquiry in which only adults can professionally perform childhood.
Prediction of residual stress in electron beam welding of stainless steel from process parameters and natural frequency of vibrations using machine-learning algorithms
Authors: Das Debasish , Das Amit Kr , Pratihar DK , Roy GG
Published: August 2020

In the present study, machine learning algorithms have been used to predict residual stress during electron beam welding of stainless steel using the information of input process parameters and natural frequency of vibrations. Accelerating voltage, beam current and welding speed have been considered as input process parameters. Both residual stress and natural frequencies of vibration of the weld obtained using each set of the input parameters are measured experimentally. A number of machine learning algorithms, namely M5 algorithm-based Model Trees Regression, Random forest, Support Vector Regression, Reduced Error Pruning Tree, Multi-layer perceptron, Instance-based k-nearest neighbor algorithm, and Locally weighted learning have been used for the said purpose. Support vector regression and Locally weighted learning are found to perform consistently good and bad, respectively. The predicted welding residual stresses have been validated experimentally through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and good agreements are obtained. In addition, statistical tests are conducted, and the estimated reliability values of the employed models are analyzed through Monte-Carlo simulations.
Theoretical and experimental research on the performance of twin screw compressor using R513A as R134a replacement
Authors: Zhang Zhiping , Wang Ying , Wu Xiaokun , Pan Xi , Xing Ziwen
Published: August 2020

The refrigerant R513A receives significant attention as an alternative to R134a used in water chiller, due to its lower global warming potential. However, whether R513A can directly and efficiently take the place of R134a in the twin screw compressor has not been verified. In this paper, a thermodynamic model is applied to compare the performance of R513A and R134a in a twin screw compressor. The leakage process and heat transfer between refrigerant and lubricant oil are taken into account. With this model, the volumetric efficiency and adiabatic efficiency are simulated and p- V indicator diagram is presented. Simulated results show that R513A is the refrigerant with low temperature lift, low pressure ratio but high pressure difference. Experimentally, the test compressor originally designed for R134a is used to compare the performance of R134a and R513A. Test results show that the differences of volumetric efficiency and adiabatic efficiency between R134a and R513A are very small and acceptable. The COP of R513A is only a little bit lower than that of R134a. Hence, taking the cost of replacing equipment and GWP into account, R513A can directly take the place of R134a in the twin screw compressor.
Tensile fatigue life prediction of adhesively bonded structures based on CZM technique and a modified degradation approach
Authors: Akhavan-Safar A , Monteiro J , Carbas R , Marques E , Goyal R , da Silva LFM
Published: August 2020

Due to their inherent advantages, the use of adhesive joints is widely increasing in advanced industrial sectors such as automotive and aircraft structures, where the lightweight components play a significant role in the efficiency of the products. These structural adhesively bonded connections mostly experience cyclic stress conditions during their service life. One of the most critical fatigue loading conditions for adhesive joints is the tensile cyclic loading. To design against tensile fatigue conditions recently a cohesive zone modelling (CZM) technique combined with a degradation approach was proposed in the literature. However, to apply this degradation method on cohesive elements, the total fatigue life of the joints should be known before the analysis. The aim of the current work is to improve this degradation approach to calculate the fatigue life automatically. To achieve this, a combination of Paris law and degradation model were considered in a numerical procedure. Using the Paris law and the experimental results obtained out of the fatigue crack propagation tests of DCB (double cantilever beam) specimens, the tensile fatigue life of each integration point (IP) during the analysis is estimated automatically. The model was validated and calibrated by experimental data.
Perceiving Locations of Moving Objects Across Eyeblinks
Authors: Maus Gerrit W. , Goh Hannah Letitia , Lisi Matteo
Published: August 2020

Eyeblinks cause disruption of visual input that generally goes unnoticed. It is thought that the brain uses active suppression to prevent awareness of the gaps, but it is unclear how suppression would affect the perception of dynamic events when visual input changes across the blink. Here, we addressed this question by studying the perception of moving objects around eyeblinks. In Experiment 1 ( N = 16), we observed that when motion terminates during a blink, the last perceived position is shifted forward from its actual last position. In Experiment 2 ( N = 8), we found that motion trajectories were perceived as more continuous when the object jumped backward during the blink, canceling a fraction of the space that it traveled. This suggests subjective underestimation of blink duration. These results reveal the strategies used by the visual system to compensate for disruptions and maintain perceptual continuity: Time elapsed during eyeblinks is perceptually compressed and filled with extrapolated information.
The path to a 2025 nuclear-free Taiwan: An analysis of dynamic competition among emissions, energy, and economy
Authors: Chen Chun Chih
Published: August 2020

Taiwan intends to be nuclear free by 2025. This study employs the Lotka–Volterra competition model for sustainable development to analyze the emissions–energy–economy (3Es) issue to make appropriate policy suggestions for a nuclear-free transition. It also offers a new approach to naming the 3E relationship. The literature review shows that the environmental Kuznets curve accompanies the feedback and conservation hypotheses. In the 3E dynamics relationship analysis, the model shows a good mean absolute percentage error (<15%) for the model estimation. The key findings are as follows: 1) the fossil fuel-led economy exists; 2) CO2 emissions are reduced with nuclear energy consumption; 3) renewable energy is far from scale; 4) a complementary effect exists between fossil fuel and nuclear energy consumption; and 5) gas retrofitting and phasing out of nuclear seem imminent. In the energy transition, Taiwan drastically cuts nuclear energy without considering energy diversity due to which troubles might ensue. The priority issue for Taiwan’s energy mix is energy security. To deal with these concerns, this study suggests the government could improve energy efficiency, build a smart grid, develop carbon capture and storage, and reconsider putting nuclear energy back into the energy mix before renewable energy is scaled.
Non-monetary poverty and deprivation: A capability approach
Authors: Anand Paul , Jones Sam , Donoghue Matthew , Teitler Julien
Published: August 2020

Given the continuing interest in multi-dimensional approaches to poverty, the article considers ways in which Senian capability indicators can be used to assess and understand poverty and deprivation. More specifically, we develop novel capability data on 29 dimensions for adults from the US, UK and Italy to explore three core research questions. First, we show that when poverty is seen as capability deprivation, different individuals are identified as poor compared with approaches based on low income or subjective wellbeing. However, we also observe that what the poor report being able to do or otherwise is, nonetheless, it is relatively robust to the use of these three different approaches. Second, we employ latent class analysis to identify poverty and deprivation profiles for groups within society and suggest that such profiles help to identify groups who are deprived or socially excluded with respect to some but not all areas of life. Third, and finally, we examine the association between individual capability deprivation and local area deprivation in the UK. We find that individual capabilities are associated with local area deprivation in some cases but that the connections vary significantly depending on the dimension under consideration. We discuss the results and conclude by suggesting that capability indicators can provide insights into poverty which do not emerge from a more traditional approach focusing on income alone.
Pathways and penalties: Exploring experiences of agency among incarcerated women in South Africa
Authors: Parry Bianca Rochelle
Published: August 2020

Despite the documented rise in the population of incarcerated women over recent decades, female offenders only represent about 5% of the total global incarcerated population. South Africa is no different – female offenders total less than 3% of the country’s incarcerated population, a populace that was previously counted as one of the ten largest correctional systems in the world. This small representation of women in the correctional system leads to interpretations of their pathways to offending and experiences of incarceration to be the same as those of male offenders, delegitimising any role that gender may play in offending behaviour. By utilising a feminist pathways research approach, the narratives of 17 women incarcerated in the Johannesburg Female Correctional Centre are contextualised in this study, to reveal conduits to women’s incarceration that primarily involve victimisation and socially constructed gendered vulnerabilities that are interconnected with poverty and oppression. As seen through excerpts of their life history interviews, this confluence of factors, coupled with pathways of narrowing options, contribute to female offending. Ultimately the research allows for a holistic understanding of the unique choices and challenges incarcerated women in South Africa face, and the role agency and patriarchy has played in the pathways taken.
Monumental landscapes of the Holocene humid period in Northern Arabia: The mustatil phenomenon
Authors: Groucutt Huw S , Breeze Paul S , Guagnin Maria , Stewart Mathew , Drake Nick , Shipton Ceri , Zahrani Badr , Omarfi Abdulaziz Al , Alsharekh Abdullah M , Petraglia Michael D
Published: August 2020

Between 10 and six thousand years ago the Arabian Peninsula saw the most recent of the ‘Green Arabia’ periods, when increased rainfall transformed this generally arid region. The transition to the Neolithic in Arabia occurred during this period of climatic amelioration. Various forms of stone structures are abundant in northern Arabia, and it has been speculated that some of these dated to the Neolithic, but there has been little research on their character and chronology. Here we report a study of 104 ‘mustatil’ stone structures from the southern margins of the Nefud Desert in northern Arabia. We provide the first chronometric age estimate for this type of structure – a radiocarbon date of ca. 5000 BC – and describe their landscape positions, architecture and associated material culture and faunal remains. The structure we have dated is the oldest large-scale stone structure known from the Arabian Peninsula. The mustatil phenomenon represents a remarkable development of monumental architecture, as hundreds of these structures were built in northwest Arabia. This ‘monumental landscape’ represents one of the earliest large-scale forms of monumental stone structure construction anywhere in the world. Further research is needed to understand the function of these structures, but we hypothesise that they were related to rituals in the context of the adoption of pastoralism and resulting territoriality in the challenging environments of northern Arabia.
A novel methodology for surveying children for designing library services: A case study of the Municipal Library of Prague
Authors: Stejskal Jan , Hajek Petr , Cerny Pavel
Published: August 2020

Recognizing individual needs and customer preferences is key to succeeding and increasing competitiveness in both the commercial and public sectors. In the public sector, this is one of the ways to increase the efficiency of public funds allocated to public libraries. However, in order to make the right decisions, library management needs quality information about preferences and consumer behaviour, even from customers who cannot be the subject of routine research due to their young age. Therefore, this article proposes a new methodology for surveying children in order to design library services. The proposed methodology, which integrates principles from ethnographic and sociological methods, aims to overcome the problems of conventional sociological methods, such as how to conceive a child as a respondent and how to determine their preferences from hypothetical situations. This article uses a specially designed questionnaire tool to identify preferences, behaviour and information from children (as visitors of a library). The authors learned that Czech children went to the library primarily for books and games. In addition, the data from the questionnaire revealed patterns in the children’s and adults’ behaviour when visiting the library. All of the data in this article can be used for further research into consumer behaviour.
Study on theoretical model of burst pressure of fiber reinforced arc-shaped rubber hose with good balance performance
Authors: Hua Gao , Changgeng Shuai , Jianguo Ma , Guomin Xu
Published: August 2020

This paper focus on the optimum design of the arc-shaped rubber hose, so that the hose has a good balance performance and a higher burst pressure. Based on the thin shell theory without considering bending moments and shear force, the equilibrium equation was established to obtain the internal force of the arc-shaped hose under internal pressure, and the burst pressure of the arc-shaped rubber hose was obtained by using Tsai-Hill failure criterion. According to the mechanical model of burst pressure, the influence of structural parameters on the burst pressure and distribution of vulnerable positions of arc-shaped rubber hose was studied. Then, in order to determine the structural parameters of the hose satisfying the balance performance, the deformation of the arc-shaped rubber hose was divided into two stages, including braiding angle deflection and tensile deformation of fiber, and the mechanical model of balance performance of the arc-shaped rubber hose was established. Eventually, on the basis of satisfying the balance performance of the hose, the hose was optimized for higher burst pressure. The correctness of the theoretical model and the optimization results were verified by experiments.
Towards an Asset-based Indicator of Poverty
Authors: Pani Narendar
Published: August 2020

In the debate on the measurement of poverty in India, which has sometimes bordered on the acrimonious, there has been near unanimity on the use of consumption expenditure as the primary basis for determining the poverty line. This article points to the many limitations of using consumption as the sole indicator of poverty, including ignoring the role of non-market state support. As an alternative, it offers assets as a more reliable indicator of the condition of poverty. Recognizing that poverty is more than just the lower end of the inequality of income, it builds a measure that is more sensitive to deprivation. This measure allows for a focus on differences between the poor and those who face absolute deprivation. The article goes on to demonstrate that the relationship between this indicator and other measures of non-market state support can be used to evaluate anti-poverty measures.
People’s Movement under a Revolutionary Brand: Understanding The Maoist Movement in Odisha
Authors: Behera Anshuman
Published: August 2020

A dominant narrative understands the Maoist movement in Odisha as a spillover effect from the neighbouring state of Andhra Pradesh. On the contrary, the Maoist movement in Odisha can be well understood through the resistance movements led by the communists, tribals, peasants and the labourers. Along with these movements, the Maoists in Odisha have evolved through many forms and shades. While the Maoist movement in Odisha, in its present form, claims to have brought together multiple people’s movements under its brand fold, many of these movements continue to be functioning without any link with the Maoists. Despite their independence in nature, these people’s movements are mostly engaged with and understood through the prism of the Maoists. The process of linking the people’s movements with the Maoists converts the ‘social’ aspects of the issues, grievances and demands to ‘security’ centric. Drawing from such understandings of the people’s movements and their interactions with the Maoists, the article critically engages with the Maoist movement in Odisha. A major objective of the article is to identify issues and contenders around people’s movements and the process through which they interact with the Maoists.
Manzoni’s sixteenth-century ‘Quaderno Doppio’: The evolution of accounting education towards modern times
Authors: Mari Libero Mario , Picciaia Francesca , Sangster Alan
Published: August 2020

This article responds to a scarcity of literature on pre-nineteenth-century accounting education and addresses calls for more research into what gave rise to how we teach accounting today. The sixteenth century was when double entry began to extend beyond its Italian roots and the first printed bookkeeping manuals began to appear alongside Pacioli’s of 1494. Yet, it is the least covered period in our literature. We address this lacuna using hermeneutic analysis to critically analyse Dominico Manzoni’s seldom studied manual of 1540 to discover what he hoped to achieve, what he did, and identify what impact his manual had on how accounting education and accounting practice developed thereafter. We find Manzoni’s objective was to replace school and apprenticeship with the printed book; and that his experience as an accountant and teacher of bookkeeping resulted in his adopting a highly innovative pedagogy that led, taught, and engaged students through the written word. Finally, we identify Manzoni’s manual as the foundation of a dominant genre of bookkeeping manuals that adopted an approach to accounting education which led to the widespread adoption of Pacioli’s definition of double entry and the double entry system in accounting practice that has lasted to the present day.
Detection and molecular characterization of kobuvirus from diarrheic goats in Minnesota
Authors: Sobhy Nader M. , Armién Aníbal G. , Wünschmann Arno , Muldoon Dean , Goyal Sagar M. , Mor Sunil K.
Published: August 2020

Kobuvirus infections are common among humans, rodents, carnivores, pigs, and ruminants. We report herein the complete genome sequence of a novel caprine kobuvirus (MN604700) from diarrheic kids in Minnesota. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a kobuvirus genome of 8,139 nt with a single ORF region encoding a polyprotein of 2,480 amino acids. Further analysis revealed nt substitutions along the genome compared with that of the caprine kobuvirus reference strain, with 93% identity. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the clade of the caprine kobuvirus was most closely related to porcine kobuviruses rather than bovine or ovine kobuviruses. Using primers designed from this genome, caprine kobuvirus was identified in the stools of other goats. Sanger sequencing of PCR products indicated 3D and VP1 gene nucleotides of this latter strain were 95% and 91% identical with those of MN604700, respectively. There were 35 and 101 nt substitutions in 3D and VP1 genes, respectively. Findings of kobuvirus over a 2-y period may indicate an endemic state, which needs further research. In addition, screening for kobuviruses over large geographic areas is needed to identify the evolutionary connections among different strains.
Psychometric Testing of an Instrument to Measure Cultural Humility
Authors: Foronda Cynthia , Porter Andrew , Phitwong Ame
Published: August 2020

Introduction

As the world increasingly diversifies, there is a need to prepare nurses to care for individuals, families, and communities with contrasting lifeways. Although education about cultural humility is needed, there is no way to measure the construct. The purpose of this study was to develop, validate, and psychometrically test an instrument designed to measure cultural humility.

Method

The lead author extracted key constructs from previous research to develop the instrument. Six expert faculty validated the instrument. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted with 322 health professional students.

Results

All items had an item content validity index of 0.83 or higher. The factor analysis yielded three factors: context for difference in perspective, self-attributes, and outcomes of cultural humility. The instrument was determined reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = .85).

Discussion

Foronda’s Cultural Humility Scale may help researchers better operationalize and evaluate achievement of cultural humility.
“I Was Raised in Addiction”: Constructions of the Self and the Other in Discourses of Addiction and Recovery
Authors: Sibley Adams L. , Schalkoff Christine A. , Richard Emma L. , Piscalko Hannah M. , Brook Daniel L. , Lancaster Kathryn E. , Miller William C. , Go Vivian F.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this article is to address how conceptualizations of addiction shape the lived experiences of people who use drugs (PWUDs) during the current opioid epidemic. Using a discourse analytic approach, we examine interview transcripts from 27 PWUDs in rural Appalachian Ohio. We investigate the ways in which participants talk about their substance use, what these linguistic choices reveal about their conceptions of self and other PWUDs, and how participants’ discursive caches might be constrained by or defined within broader social discourses. We highlight three subject positions enacted by participants during the interviews: addict as victim of circumstance, addict as good Samaritan, and addict as motivated for change. We argue participants leverage these positions to contrast themselves with a reified addict-other whose identity carries socially ascribed characteristics of being blameworthy, immoral, callous, and complicit. We implicate these processes in the perpetuation of intragroup stigma and discuss implications for intervention.
The Association between Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Distress, and Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yang Qian-Qian , Sun Ji-Wei , Shao Di , Zhang Hui-Hui , Bai Cai-Feng , Cao Feng-Lin
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the association between diabetes complications, diabetes distress, and depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 600 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. Data were collected using the Diabetes Distress Scale and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. The results showed that both diabetes complications and diabetes distress were positively associated with depressive symptoms, and diabetes distress attenuated the association between diabetes complications and depressive symptoms. The Sobel test confirmed the mediating effect of diabetes distress. Patients with both diabetes complications and diabetes distress had a higher risk of depressive symptoms than those with diabetes complications or diabetes distress alone. This study indicates that the positive association between diabetes complications and depressive symptoms is persistent and mediated by diabetes distress, and the comorbidity of diabetes complications and diabetes distress has an additive interaction effect on depressive symptoms.
Duration of Surgery, Ventilation, and Length of Hospital Stay Do Not Affect Breastfeeding in Newborns After Early Cleft Lip Repair
Authors: Burianova Iva , Cerny Milos , Borsky Jiri , Zilinska Kristyna , Dornakova Jana , Martin Aisling , Janota Jan
Published: August 2020

Objective:

There are minimal data available on nutrition after early repair of cleft lip and the factors influencing initiation of breastfeeding. This study assessed the impact of the length of surgery, length of ventilation support, and duration of hospital stay on breastfeeding rates after early cleft lip surgery.

Design:

This is a prospective observational cohort study comparing 2 hospitals providing early surgical repair of facial clefts from January 2014 to December 2016. Both hospitals are designated as Baby-Friendly Hospitals. Demographic and anthropometric data from mothers and newborns were recorded.

Setting:

Tertiary neonatal and pediatric surgery center.

Patients:

Hospital A: 61 newborns, Hospital B: 157 newborns.

Interventions:

Early (day 5 to 14) cheiloplasty in newborns with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate.

Main Outcome Measures:

Influence of duration of hospital stay, length of operation, and artificial ventilation on the rate of breastfeeding.

Results:

Significantly, more newborns were breastfed following early surgical repair of an isolated cleft lip compared to those with both cleft lip and palate, in both hospitals (hospital A 82% vs 0%, P = .0001, hospital B 66% vs 5%, P = .0001). Duration of hospital stay, length of operation, and duration of artificial ventilation did not significantly affect the rate of breastfeeding.

Conclusions:

The factors associated with early cleft lip repair (length of operation, length of ventilation support, and duration of hospital stay) do not affect breastfeeding rate.
For Patients With Isolated Cleft Palate Does Revision Palatoplasty Have an Increased Risk of Inpatient Complication Compared to Primary Palatal Repair?
Authors: Lee Kevin C. , Halepas Steven , Wu Brendan W. , Chuang Sung-Kiang
Published: August 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether revision palatoplasty was associated with increased rates of inpatient complication and wound dehiscence compared to primary palatal repair.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective study of patients with isolated cleft palate treated with primary palatoplasty or revision surgery for fistula repair. The records were obtained from the Kids’ Inpatient Database between 2000 and 2014. The primary predictor was the type of surgery, classified as either primary or revision palatoplasty. Secondary predictors included demographics and comorbidities. Primary study outcomes were the postoperative complication and dehiscence rates as noted during the hospitalization course. The secondary outcomes related to health care utilization as measured through length of stay (LOS) and hospital charges.

Results:

A total of 5357 total admissions (95.5% primary, 4.5% revision) were included in the final sample. Fistula repairs (odds ratio = 14.37, P < .01) had significantly greater odds of wound dehiscence. The rates of inpatient complication ranged from 3.5% to 3.7%, and there were no significant differences between primary and revision surgery ( P = .82). Complications were independently associated with insurance status and congenital anomalies. Complications and wound dehiscence both significantly increased the LOS and the hospital charges. Fistula repairs had a shorter mean LOS ( P = .02), however this did not translate into cost savings ( P = .60).

Conclusions:

Although the rates of inpatient complications were not significantly different, revision palatoplasty was associated with a greater odds of wound dehiscence. Failure of a primary repair may portend an increased risk of wound failure with subsequent surgeries.
Comparing Quality of Life and Perceptual Speech Ratings in Children With Cleft Palate
Authors: Pedersen Hailey M. , Goodie Paige A. , Braden Maia N. , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To delineate the relationship between patient and parent-reported quality of life (QOL) ratings and perceptual characteristics of speech assigned by a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in children with repaired cleft palate.

Design:

Prospective.

Setting:

Academic Children’s Hospital.

Participants:

This population-based sample included children, aged 3 to 18 with a history of repaired cleft palate, and their parents.

Intervention:

Participants completed the Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Effects on Life Outcomes Questionnaire (VELO). Children’s speech was judged perceptually by an expert SLP using the Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Scale (PWSS).

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Effects on Life Outcomes questionnaire assessed participant and parent perceptions of impact of velopharyngeal function on QOL. Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Scale assessed nasal emissions, facial grimacing, nasality, quality of phonation, and articulation.

Results:

Enrollment included 48 participant parent dyads. Overall, participants reported high QOL scores within the 95% CI with children reporting slightly better yet not significantly different QOL (86.27 ± 8.96) compared to their parents (81.81 ± 15.2). Children received an average score of 1.38 ± 1.96 on the PWSS corresponding to borderline velopharyngeal competence. A significant moderate negative correlation was found between PWSS total score and parent VELO total score (r = −0.51103, P = .0002). Mild–moderate significant negative correlations were measured between PWSS total and the 5 subscales of the VELO. No significant correlations were measured between PWSS and child VELO total responses or between total scores and subscales.

Conclusions:

Results suggest that as perceptual analysis of speech improves, overall QOL improves moderately.
Sociocognitive Relationships for Innovation under Institutional Constraints
Authors: Chakrabarty Subrata
Published: August 2020

This article provides a theoretical framework that explains how organizational actors—persons, teams, and organizations—can attempt to be innovative under institutional constraints and elaborates the sociocognitive mechanisms via which innovation emerges. Recognizing that innovative work is often relationship-driven, this article develops relationship-focused theory by integrating individualistic approaches (where each organizational actor is assumed to be internally self-sufficient) and relational approaches (where innovative work happens through a process of relating among organizational actors). Propositions suggest that contradiction versus consistency between institutionalized task and socialization structures determine the optimal type of sociocognitive relationship, and that institutionalized climate moderates the association between the type of sociocognitive relationship and the performance of innovative outcomes.