bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary approach to solving the problem of bacterial vulvovaginitis in girls with urinary tract infections
Authors: Chebotareva Yu. Yu. , Kostoeva Z. A. , Letifov G. M.
Published: September 2018

In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vulvovaginitis (VV) in preschool children with urinary tract diseases, we conducted the prospective controlled study of 86 patients aged 3–6 years, of which: group 1 (n = 21) – VV; group 2 (n = 20) – VV against the background of chronic pyelonephritis with exacerbation; group 3 (n = 20) – VV against the background of acute pyelonephritis; group 4 (n = 25) – VV with dismetabolic nephropathy. Depending on the method of correction, the patients were divided into those that received standard treatment and those that received combined treatment with the use of a bacteriophage complex. It was revealed that chronic forms of VV prevailed in all groups, but when combined with urinary tract diseases (groups 2, 3, 4), the incidence of synechia of the labia minora was significantly increased. It was established that the number of relapses of VV after the combined treatment is significantly lower than after the standard treatment.

Inflammatory urogenital diseases in girls are characterized by a high rate of relapse. The combination therapy of VV, including the use of a bacteriophage complex, improves the condition of the vaginal biotope, prevents the persistence of the infection.
Autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with hyaluronic acid is a new method of minimally invasive treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women
Authors: Apolikhina I. A. , Sokolova A. V. , Saidova A. S. , Gorbunova E. A.
Published: September 2018

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disease. It is 2 times more common among women than in men. The causes of SUI are the insufficiency of the closing function of the sphincter of the bladder and/or hypermobility of the urethra. For this reason, methods aimed at improving the closing function of the urethra, i.e., the use of volume-forming agents are justified for the treatment of this disease. Side effects and time-limited relief of symptoms of urinary incontinence after the application of volumeforming agents, or at the other hand complications after surgery lead to the search for alternative treatments that can restore the natural physiological mechanism of urinary retention. This study demonstrates that administration of platelet-rich autologous plasma in combination with hyaluronic acid in the periurethral region is a safe and effective method of treatment of SUI in women.
Management of dismenorea in outpatient settings: modern opportunities
Authors: Kachalina O. V. , Korenkova A. A.
Published: September 2018

The article considers the causes for the development and modern methods of managing dysmenorrhea. The conservative therapy includes the use of combined hormonal contraceptives, physiotherapy procedures, vitamins and symptomatic drugs. The authors stress the significance of Nimesil® in the first-line therapy of primary dysmenorrhea of the syndrome along with the combined hormonal contraceptives and symptomatic agents. The use of this drug is characterized by rapid onset of effect, strong analgesic effect and good tolerability.
Clinical observation: giant uterine myoma. The tactic of surgical treatment and postoperative management
Authors: Buralkina N. A. , Vlasov G. A. , Veredchenko A. V. , Chursin V. V. , Asaturova A. V. , Fedotkina E. P. , Kalabukhova E. A. , Chuprykin V. D.
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the clinical case of a patient with giant uterine myoma. It presents the features of surgical intervention and postoperative management of the patient. In the publication, the authors discuss the issues concerning the scope of the surgery in patients with large and giant uterine myomas and prognosis of reproductive outcomes in this cohort of women.
Genital herpes in women during and outside of pregnancy
Authors: Pavlovich S. V. , Nazarova N. M.
Published: September 2018

Annually, about 500 thousand people get new genital herpes (GH) infections. The incidence of GH in Russia was 13.5 cases per 100 thousand people in 2015. According to the WHO (2015), 67% of population is infected with herpes simplex virus. The numerous studies in general population showed that women were infected more often than men with the same number of sexual partners during life, and the highest incidence of GH was recorded in the age group between 20 and 29 years, and the second peak incidence was recorded at the age of 35–40 years [1–3].
Dydrogesterone in the treatment of the threatened and habitual miscarriage
Authors: Tetruashvili N. K. , Agadzhanova A. A.
Published: September 2018

The article presents the findings of the studies evaluating the efficacy of gestagens in the treatment of the threatened and habitual miscarriage. It summarizes a number of meta-analysis related to the comparative evaluation of the use of various gestagens during pregnancy. The foreign societies’ guidelines for the treatment of reproductive disorders and the management of early pregnancy in women with the threatened and habitual miscarriage are outlined.
MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF RATIONAL VITAMIN THERAPY IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Khashukoeva A. Z. , Agaeva M. I. , Ermilova K. A. , Moseshvili G. G.
Published: September 2018

Insufficient nutrition is an urgent problem of modern healthcare. According to WHO, more than 2 billion people suffer from essential vitamin and mineral deficiencies, in particular vitamin A, iodine, iron and zinc [1]. The hypovitaminosis, as well as hypoelementosis pose the greatest threat to pregnancy and lactation, contributing to the development of miscarriages, intrauterine growth restriction, maternal mortality, labor complications, infectious pathology and adverse course of the neonatal period.

Objective of the study: evaluation of the efficacy of the vitamin and mineral complex in correcting the nutritional status of patients during gestation.

Materials and methods of the study: 33 pregnant women with threatened miscarriage of various genesis, who were admitted to the department of gynaecology, underwent a clinical and laboratory examination and treatment. In addition to the general clinical examination, all patients were assessed for plasma vitamin E and folic acid concentrations, which play a key role in embryogenesis. In addition to therapy aimed at prolonging pregnancy, all pregnant women received nutritional support in the form of a multivitamin drug.

Results of the study: During the observation period, the condition of pregnant women improved significantly: signs of threatened miscarriage were eliminated, complaints of weakness, fatigue and sleep disturbance disappeared. All patients showed significantly higher plasma vitamin E and folic acid concentrations after the treatment.
Use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors from clinical trial results to practical application in Russia
Authors: Lebedev D. A. , Babenko A. Yu.
Published: September 2018

In clinical trials of drugs, including sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2), the main reason for the discontinuation of the therapy are side effects. However, there are additional factors that affect the discontinuation of the therapy in real clinical practice. This paper presents assessment of adverse events against the background of SGLT2 therapy with empagliflozin, identification of risk factors for these phenomena, and analysis of the reasons for discontinuation of SGLT2 therapy in real clinical practice. The study included 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were prescribed empagliflozin SGLT2 for the first time. During the trial, 24 (27.9%) cases of side effects were reported: infection in the genitourinary tract – 13 (15.1%) cases, hypoglycemia – 7 (8.1%) cases, and hypotension – 4 cases (4.7%). In general, the risk factors for adverse events were female gender, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m2). The empaglyflosin therapy was discontinued in 37.1% of patients for the following reasons: the development of side effects – 11.6%, lack of efficacy of the therapy – 8.1%, the cost of the drug – 13.9%, other reasons – 3.5%. Thus, in real clinical practice, not only the development of side effects, but also socio-economic factors play an important role in supporting medication adherence.
Cerebroprotective effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers: candesartan focus
Authors: Ostroumova O. D. , Kochetkov A. I. , Ostroumova T. M. , Pavleeva E. E.
Published: September 2018

The article is devoted to the role of antihypertensive drugs in cerebroprotection, importance of such drugs in reducing the risk of stroke and cognitive disorders in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). The article provides the definition, classification and pathogenetic mechanisms of cognitive impairment in elevated blood pressure (BP). It also presents epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of stroke and cognitive disorders in hypertension. The influence of elevated blood pressure as a factor increasing the risk of cerebrovascular complications is considered. Particular attention is paid to the issue of a sharp rise in BP in the early morning hours, which is typical for patients with AH. The clinical significance of excessive early morning hypertension is discussed. The authors emphasize the difficulties and importance of correcting the morning rises in blood pressure as one of the objectives of antihypertensive therapy. The article presents data on the distinctive features of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker with an extremely long-term action. The clinical efficacy of candesartan in the treatment of AH and the risk of cerebrovascular complications, especially stroke and cognitive impairment, has been demonstrated from the point of view of evidence-based medicine.
A patient with сoronary artery disease and multifocal atherosclerosis. How to optimize the prognosis?
Authors: Barbarash O. L. , Kashtalap V. V.
Published: September 2018

The review article summarized the positions of experts on the clinical and prognostic significance of multifocal atherosclerosis in patients with different forms of coronary heart disease and the impact of this phenomenon on overall cardiovascular risk based on the foreign and domestic studies, the guidelines of the European and North American Cardiological and Surgical Associations. It also presents the review of the modern clinical guidelines for antithrombotic therapy in patients with peripheral atherosclerosis. The review presents prospects for the optimization of antithrombotic therapy based on a recent clinical study.
Sugars and Sweeteners: Structure, Properties and In Silico Modeling
Authors: Janežič Dušanka , Jäntschi Lorentz , Bolboacă Sorana D.
Published: September 2018

Several studies report the effects of excessive use of sugars and sweeteners in the diet. These include obesity, cardiac diseases, diabetes, and even lymphomas, leukemias, cancers of the bladder and brain, chronic fatigue syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, autism, and systemic lupus. On the other hand, each sugar and sweetener has a distinct metabolic assimilation process, and its chemical structure plays an important role in this process. Several scientific papers present the biological effects of the sugars and sweeteners in relation to their chemical structure. One important issue dealing with the sugars is the degree of similarity in their structures, focusing mostly on optical isomerism. Finding and developing new sugars and sweeteners with desired properties is an emerging research area, in which in silico approaches play an important role.
The Mechanism of Action of Praziquantel: Can New Drugs Exploit Similar Mechanisms?
Authors: Thomas Charlotte M. , Timson David J.
Published: September 2018

Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for treating infection with worms from the
genus Schistosoma. The drug is effective, cheap and has few side effects. However, despite its
use in millions of patients for over 40 years its molecular mechanism of action remains elusive.
Early studies demonstrated that PZQ disrupts calcium ion homeostasis in the worm and
the current consensus is that it antagonises voltage-gated calcium channels. It is hypothesised
that disruption of these channels results in uncontrolled calcium ion influx leading to uncontrolled
muscle contraction and paralysis. However, other experimental studies have suggested
a role for myosin regulatory light chains and adenosine uptake in the drug’s mechanism of
action. Assuming voltage-gated calcium channels do represent the main molecular target of
PZQ, the precise binding site for the drug remains to be identified. Unlike other commonly
used anti-parasitic drugs, there are few definitive reports of resistance to PZQ in the literature.
The lack of knowledge about PZQ’s molecular mechanism(s) undermines our ability to predict
how resistance might arise and also hinder our attempts to develop alternative antischistosomal
drugs which exploit the same target(s). Some PZQ derivatives have been identified
which also kill or paralyse schistosomes in culture. However, none of these are in widespread
clinical use. There is a pressing need for fundamental research into the molecular mechanism(
s) of action of PZQ. Such research would enable new avenues for antischsistosomal
drug discovery.
Agronomic Cultivation, Chemical Composition, Functional Activities and Applications of Pereskia Species – A Mini Review
Authors: Maciel Vinicius B.V. , Yoshida Cristiana M.P. , Goycoolea Francisco M.
Published: September 2018

Background:

The exploration of the plant biodiversity as a natural source to obtain
sustainable food products and new bioactive pharmaceutical compounds has been growing
significantly due to their abundance, safety and economy. Natural pharmaceutical and edible
compounds present some advantages when compared to synthetic ones, such as being chemically
inert and widely available. In this sense, plants of the genus Pereskia belonging to the
Cactaceae family, have been studied. It is an unconventional wild edible plant that contains a
large amount of protein and minerals. Studies have demonstrated their biological activities
and potential application in different areas such as pharmaceutical, medicinal and food.

Objective:

This review is focused on the chemical composition, functional properties, applications
on pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food areas and formulation techniques to enhance
the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds from the underutilized wild edible
plant known as ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata or Pereskia grandifolia).

Conclusion:

The latest studies involving ora-pro-nobis demonstrated its great potential due to
its biological activities, which could stimulate further investigations. The utilization of this
plant as a natural source to supplement the diet, or to prepare new food products and pharmaceutical
formulations is an attractive approach to explore and fully realize the potential of the
rich biodiversity found in Brazil and in other countries.
Targeting Kinetoplastid and Apicomplexan Thymidylate Biosynthesis as an Antiprotozoal Strategy
Authors: Valente María , Vidal Antonio E. , González-Pacanowska Dolores
Published: September 2018

Kinetoplastid and apicomplexan parasites comprise a group of protozoans responsible for human diseases, with a serious impact on human health and the socioeconomic growth of developing countries. Chemotherapy is the main option to control these pathogenic organisms and nucleotide metabolism is considered a promising area for the provision of antimicrobial therapeutic targets. Impairment of thymidylate (dTMP) biosynthesis severely diminishes the viability of parasitic protozoa and the absence of enzymatic activities specifically involved in the formation of dTMP (e.g. dUTPase, thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase or thymidine kinase) results in decreased deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) levels and the so-called thymineless death. In this process, the ratio of deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) versus dTTP in the cellular nucleotide pool has a crucial role. A high dUTP/dTTP ratio leads to uracil misincorporation into DNA, the activation of DNA repair pathways, DNA fragmentation and eventually cell death. The essential character of dTMP synthesis has stimulated interest in the identification and development of drugs that specifically block the biochemical steps involved in thymine nucleotide formation. Here, we review the available literature in relation to drug discovery studies targeting thymidylate biosynthesis in kinetoplastid (genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania) and apicomplexan (Plasmodium spp and Toxoplasma gondii) protozoans. The most relevant findings concerning novel inhibitory molecules with antiparasitic activity against these human pathogens are presented herein.
Anesthetic-induced Myocardial Conditioning: Molecular Fundamentals and Scope
Authors: Guerrero Orriach Jose Luis , Escalona Belmonte Juan Jose , Ramirez Aliaga Marta , Ramirez Fernandez Alicia , Raigón Ponferrada Aida , Rubio Navarro Manuel , Cruz Mañas Jose
Published: September 2018

Background:

The pre- and post-conditioning effects of halogenated anesthetics
make them most suitable for cardiac surgery. Several studies have demonstrated that the
mechanism of drug-induced myocardial conditioning is enzyme-mediated via messenger
RNA and miRNA regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the role that
miRNAs play in the cardioprotective effect of halogenated anesthetics. For such purpose, we
reviewed the literature to determine the expression profile of miRNAs in ischemic
conditioning and in the complications prevented by these phenomena.

Methods:

A review was conducted of more than 100 studies to identify miRNAs involved in
anesthetic-induced myocardial conditioning. Our objective was to determine the miRNAs that
play a relevant role in ischemic disease, heart failure and arrhythmogenesis, which expression
is modulated by the perioperative administration of halogenated anesthetics. So far, no studies
have been performed to assess the role of miRNAs in anesthetic-induced myocardial
conditioning. The potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and miRNAs-based therapies involving
the synthesis, inhibition or stimulation of miRNAs are a promising avenue for future research
in the field of cardiology.

Results:

Each of the cardioprotective effects of myocardial conditioning is related to the
expression of several (not a single) miRNAs. The cumulative evidence on the role of miRNAs
in heart disease and myocardial conditioning opens new therapeutic and diagnostic
opportunities.

Conclusion:

Halogenated anesthetics regulate the expression of miRNAs involved in heart
conditions. Further research is needed to determine the expression profile of miRNAs after
the administration of halogenated drugs. The results of these studies would contribute to the
development of new hypnotics for cardiac surgery patients.
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Derived Lipid Mediators and their Application in Drug Discovery
Authors: Pazderka Curtis W. , Oliver Brian , Murray Michael , Rawling Tristan
Published: September 2018

Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play crucial and often opposing regulatory roles in health and in pathological conditions. n-3 and n-6 PUFA undergo biotransformation to parallel series of lipid mediators that are potent modulators of many cellular processes. A wide range of biological actions have been attributed to lipid mediators derived from n-6 PUFA, and these mediators have served as lead compounds in the development of numerous clinically approved drugs, including latanoprost (Xalatan: Pfizer), which is listed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. n-3 PUFA-derived mediators have received less attention, in part because early studies suggested that n-3 PUFA act simply as competitive substrates for biotransformation enzymes and decrease the formation of n-6 PUFA-derived lipid mediators. However, more recent studies suggest that n-3 PUFA-derived mediators are biologically important in their own right. It is now emerging that many n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators have potent and diverse activities that are distinct from their n-6 counterparts. These findings provide new opportunities for drug discovery. Herein, we review the biosynthesis of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators and highlight their biological actions that may be exploited for drug development. Lastly, we provide examples of medicinal chemistry research that has utilized n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as novel lead compounds in drug design.
Chitosan-based Polymer Matrix for Pharmaceutical Excipients and Drug Delivery
Authors: Khan Md. Iqbal Hassan , An Xingye , Dai Lei , Li Hailong , Khan Avik , Ni Yonghao
Published: September 2018

The development of innovative drug delivery systems, versatile to different drug characteristics
with better effectiveness and safety, has always been in high demand. Chitosan, an
aminopolysaccharide, derived from natural chitin biomass, has received much attention as one of
the emerging pharmaceutical excipients and drug delivery entities. Chitosan and its derivatives
can be used for direct compression tablets, as disintegrant for controlled release or for improving
dissolution. Chitosan has been reported for use in drug delivery system to produce drugs with
enhanced muco-adhesiveness, permeation, absorption and bioavailability. Due to filmogenic and
ionic properties of chitosan and its derivative(s), drug release mechanism using microsphere
technology in hydrogel formulation is particularly relevant to pharmaceutical product development.
This review highlights the suitability and future of chitosan in drug delivery with special
attention to drug loading and release from chitosan based hydrogels. Extensive studies on the favorable
non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, solubility and molecular weight variation
have made this polymer an attractive candidate for developing novel drug delivery systems
including various advanced therapeutic applications such as gene delivery, DNA based drugs,
organ specific drug carrier, cancer drug carrier, etc.
Interferon-λ3 as a Predictor of Survival in Hemodialysis Patients.
Authors: Grzegorzewska A.E. , Swiderska M.K. , Warchol W.
Published: September 2018

Background: IFNL4 polymorphisms are associated with circulating IFN-λ3,
and higher plasma IFN-λ3 are associated with higher production of antibodies to HBV
surface antigen (anti-HBs). The IFNL4 rs8099917 T allele and anti-HBs development in
response to HBV vaccine are associated with better survival in hemodialysis (HD)
patients.

Objective:

To show whether plasma IFN-λ3 is also a predictor of survival in HD
patients.

Methods:

Plasma IFN-λ3 was measured in 135 HD patients who were followed-up for
2.6 years. Survival probability was tested using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox
proportional hazard model.

Results:

Plasma IFN-λ3 (ng/L) was 116.8 (20.4–227.5) in survivors on HD (n=89,
65.9%), 75.1 (36.0-228.8) in deceased patients (n=37, 27.4%), and 109.0 (40.0–232.7)
in subjects submitted to kidney transplantation (n=9, 6.7%). IFN-λ3 was lower in
deceased patients than that in all remaining patients (P=0.039) and patients who
continued HD without transplantation (P=0.028). IFN-λ3 and anti-HBs titers were
correlated (r=0.587, P<0.000001). Patients showing IFN-λ3 >126.1 ng/L (3rd tertile)
presented better survival compared with patients with IFN-λ3 in the 1st (<73.8 ng/L,
P=0.005) and 2nd (≥73.8 - <126.1 ng/L, P=0.013) tertiles. Each decrease in IFN-λ3 per
10 ng/L was associated with a hazard ratio equal to 1.076 (95%CI 1.015–1.140,
P=0.013). In multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of survival were age
(P=0.008), dialysis modality (P=0.038), circulating IFN-λ3 (P=0.044), and diabetic
nephropathy (P=0.047), but not gender, dialysis duration prior to the study, mean arterial
pressure, BMI, CRP, albumin, 25(OH)D, or anti-HBs.

Conclusion:

Circulating IFN-λ3 is a promising predictor of HD patient survival.
TMJ Arthritis Imaging: Conventional Radiograph vs. CT Scan - Is CT Actually Needed?
Authors: Modgil Richa , Arora Karandeep Singh , Sharma Abhishek , Negi Lalit Singh , Mohapatra Shreeyam , Pareek Shubhangi
Published: September 2018

Objective:

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of conventional TMJ imaging in depicting osseous changes in mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) by comparing the finding against CT and with an objective that if conventional TMJ imaging modality can appreciate the osseous changes in RA and OA then what is the need for CT scan. Thus further reducing the patient’s radiation dose.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 70 patients (40 Rheumatoid Arthritis; 30 Osteoarthritis) were taken in the study aged between 40 - 60 years and divided in to age groups. Then according to clinical history they were divided according to being symptomatic and asymptomatic. Further radiographic examination was carried out. First the trans-cranial view was obtained (conventional view left and right TMJ) and subsequently a CT scan was obtained and the interpretation was carried out to note the osseous changes like erosion, flattening, sclerosis and osteophyte formation.

Results:

After comparison of the two radiographic methods it was observed that both were equally efficacious in evaluating the osseous changes in arthritic patients.

Conclusion:

Thus, it was concluded that when both the radiographic methods (conventional and CT scan) are equally efficacious in evaluating the osseous degenerative changes of TMJ in arthritis. Thus we should prefer the conventional technique so that the patient in not exposed to unnecessary radiation dosage.
Validação do processo de limpeza dos produtos para saúde: revisão integrativa
Authors: Ebbing Marcia Cristina Cruz , Luciano Cristina da Costa
Published: September 2018

O Centro de Material Esterilizado (CME) é responsável por processar os produtos para a saúde (PPS) utilizados no hospital, por meio da pré-limpeza, limpeza, desinfecção ou esterilização, armazenamento e distribuição. A etapa da limpeza é importante, pois, reduz a carga microbiana em até 99,99%, podendo ser manual ou manual/automatizada. É desafio realizar a limpeza dos PPS, pois a remoção da sujidade deve alcançar todo o design do material, onde o resultado pode afetar a segurança do paciente. O objetivo desse trabalho é identificar por meio de evidências científicas a validação do processamento na etapa da limpeza dos produtos para a saúde.Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada nos meses de Abril a Julho de 2017, na base de dados, Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), por meio dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DECs), validação, serviço de limpeza, produtos médico-hospitalares, esterilização, segurança de equipamento, limpeza e instrumentos cirúrgicos. Para ampliação dos achados, realizamos quatro buscas diferentes por meio do operador booleano “or” (validação or serviço de limpeza or produtos médico-hospitalares), (validação or serviço de limpeza or esterilização), (validação or segurança de equipamentos or serviço de limpeza) e (validação or limpezaor instrumentos cirúrgicos). Como critérios de inclusão, abordamos os artigos publicados e disponíveis na íntegra de 2012 a 2017 e de exclusão, editorial, monografias, dissertações e teses. Resultamos nossos achados em 49.956 artigos, entretanto após leitura e compressão dos mesmos, finalizamos em três artigos que respondiam a nossa problemática. Dos três artigos analisados, um (33,33%) foi publicado no ano de 2014, um (33,33%) em 2015 e um (33,33%) em 2017. As evidências demonstram falhas nas estruturas do CME, além de ausência de pistola de ar comprimido, lentes intensificadoras de imagem. Outro achado enfatiza que os protocolos operacionais padrão (POP) devem ser adaptados conforme os fabricantes dos saneantes para ocorrer uma limpeza eficaz. E para validar a etapa da limpeza é necessário a mensuração de adenosina trifosfato (ATP), o qual detecta o nível de contaminação do PPS por meio de moléculas de ATP. Concluímos que existem poucas evidências publicadas nos últimos anos sobre a validação da limpeza. A maioria dos estudos que validam o assunto abordam limpeza de superfície hospitalar e não de PPS. A RDC no 15/2012, recomenda o uso de lente intensificadora de imagem para validar a limpeza, sendo um meio subjetivo, entretanto um dos nossos achados menciona a mensuração de ATP, podendo ser um indicador de eficiência capaz de identificar matéria orgânica existente nos PPS após a etapa de limpeza.
Mind the Gap: A Systematic Review of Implementation of Screening for Psychological Comorbidity in Dental and Dental Hygiene Education
Authors: Häggman-Henrikson Birgitta , Ekberg EwaCarin , Ettlin Dominik A. , Michelotti Ambra , Durham Justin , Goulet Jean-Paul , Visscher Corine M. , Raphael Karen G.
Published: September 2018

The biopsychosocial model is advocated as part of a more comprehensive approach in both medicine and dentistry. However, dentists have not traditionally been taught psychosocial screening as part of their predoctoral education. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of published studies on the implementation of screening for psychological comorbidity in dental and dental hygiene education. The term “psychological comorbidity” refers to the degree of coexisting anxiety, depression, or other mental health problems in a patient presenting with a physical condition. The review followed a protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016054083) and was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using a ten‐item tool developed for medical education. The electronic search in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO from the inception of each database until December 31, 2016, together with a hand search, identified 1,777 articles. After abstracts were screened, 52 articles were reviewed in full text applying inclusion and exclusion criteria; four articles remained for the qualitative synthesis. Generally, the reported data on specific methods or instruments used for psychological screening were limited. Only one of the included articles utilized a validated screening tool. The results of this systematic review show that published data on the implementation of psychological patient assessment in dental and dental hygiene education are limited. To address this gap, the authors recommend short screening tools such as the Graded Chronic Pain Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety. Educating dental and dental hygiene students about easy‐to‐use, reliable, and validated screening tools for assessing psychological comorbidity warrants more research attention and greater implementation in educational curricula.
An International Survey of Female Dental Students’ Perceptions About Gender Bias and Sexual Misconduct at Four Dental Schools
Authors: Ivanoff Chris S. , Luan Diana M. , Hottel Timothy L. , Andonov Bogomil , Ricci Volpato Luiz Evaristo , Kumar Reena R. , Scarbecz Mark
Published: September 2018

As women enter the dental profession in increasing numbers in North America and around the world, the questions of how they perceive their environment and what kind of barriers they face are important subjects to be addressed. The aim of this study was to assess and compare women dental students’ perceptions of bias in their environment and experiences of sexual misconduct at one dental school in each of four countries. In spring 2017, 1,293 female students at four dental schools in the U.S., Bulgaria, Brazil, and India were invited to participate in a 24‐item survey developed by researchers from the four countries; 990 students responded (response rate 76.6%). The overall majority of the respondents reported thinking the admissions process at their school was fair (79.7%); but a fifth of U.S. and Brazilian students perceived their school was not fully embracing of females, with most Bulgarian students agreeing (87.2%) and all Indian students disagreeing. Most respondents overall perceived that male faculty members did not favor male students (79.5%) and did not think there was discrimination against female students by faculty (87.1%), but half of the U.S. respondents reported feeling discriminated against by both male faculty and male students. When the responses “I've been verbally harassed” and “I've been somewhat verbally harassed” were combined, 10.1% of the U.S. respondents reported verbal harassment, compared to 20% of Brazilian, 15% of Bulgarian, and 2% of Indian respondents. When the responses “I've been sexually assaulted” and “I've been somewhat sexually assaulted” were combined, 6% of U.S. respondents reported being sexually assaulted, compared to 6.2% of Brazilian, 2.5% of Bulgarian, and none of the Indian respondents. Almost half (46.9%) of these students overall perceived their school was not or only somewhat vigilant about issues of sexual misconduct, and only 54% said they would feel comfortable or very comfortable reporting misconduct. These results suggest that academic dental institutions in all four countries need improvements to make their environments more equitable and free of bias and sexual misconduct.
Can Noncognitive Components of Admissions Data Predict Dental Student Performance and Postdoctoral Program Placement?
Authors: Price Mirissa D. , Park Sang E.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate whether the noncognitive factors of the dental student application, including undergraduate major and interview score, predicted success in the predoctoral program and placement in postdoctoral programs. The study population consisted of 169 students in the Harvard School of Dental Medicine DMD graduating Classes of 2012 through 2016. Noncognitive factors in the dental application, including letters of recommendation, extracurricular activities, undergraduate major, and dental school admission interview performance, were collected for the study population. Groups were analyzed for differences among undergraduate majors and any association between postgraduate placement and dental school performance. Dental school performance measures were grades obtained in the third and fourth years in a combination of preclinical and clinical course assessments. The results showed that neither interview score nor undergraduate major was significantly associated with dental school performance or postdoctoral program placement. There was a non‐significant association between interview score and performance in the course Treatment of Active Disease. These results suggest that noncognitive factors of the dental school application offered low yield to predicting predoctoral student performance and residency placements, with interview performance possibly outweighing undergraduate major in selection of successful predoctoral candidates.
Effectiveness of face-to-face and webinar combination in increasing understanding on school wellbeing for elementary headmasters in Yogyakarta Special Region
Authors: Fathiyah Kartika Nur , Setiyawati Diana
Published: September 2018

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of face-to-face and webinar combination in increasing elementary school headmasters’ comprehension on School Wellbeing in Yogyakarta Special Region.This study used a quasi-experimental design. The subject of the research is 29 elementary school headmasters across Yogyakarta Special Region (abbreviated as DIY) that have participated in pretest, initial face-to-face session, webinar sessions, final face-to-face session, and posttest. The data analysis used t-test analysis using SPSS version 21 to analyze School Wellbeing, pre and post training.The result of the research shows that the combination of face-to-face and webinar sessions is proven effective to increase the comprehension on School Wellbeing of elementary school headmasters across DIY. However, after being reviewed from the process, the training session needs to be revised considering that many of the participants did not follow the entire session due to the clashing of participants’ personal schedule and training session.
TÜRKİYE’DE PREFABRİK YAPI SEKTÖRÜNÜN HIZLI GELİŞİMİ
Authors: AMANİ Aminullah , NİYAZİ Abdul Qudus
Published: September 2018

Türkiye’de ve dünyada gün geçtikçe gelişen teknoloji, sanayileşme ve endüstriyelleşmenin artmasıyla beraber prefabrike sektöründe hak ettiği payı almıştır. Hız unsuru prefabrike sektörünün tercih edilmesinde başlıca nedenlerden biridir. Doğal afetler, mülteci artışı gibi nedenlerle acil ihtiyaç halinde hızla, gereksinim olan barınma ihtiyacını prefabrike yapılar karşılamaktadır. Bununla birlikte talep artışıyla sektör büyümekte olup prefabrikasyon teknolojisi gün geçtikçe gelişmektedir. Bir yapı projesinde, prefabrike betonarme yapı elemanlarının kullanılmasının pek çok yararı vardır. Projenin toplam maliyetinin az olması, hızlı bir şekilde tamamlanması, yapı elemanlarında istenilen kalite ve dayanımın sağlanması, malzeme israfının azaltılması, modülarizasyon ve standardizasyon olanaklarının artırılması ve şantiyede meydana gelebilecek olan iş kazası sayısının önemli ölçüde azaltılabilmesi sektörel büyümeyi hızlandırmıştır. Dünya da uzun zamandır prefabrike yapı kullanılmakta olup, Türkiye’de ise 1965’lı yılları başında uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Prefabrike yapıların Türkiye’de hızlı gelişimi ile ilgili geçmişten bu güne ve aynı zamanda gelecekteki yeri hakkında incelenmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Ambient Air Quality Assessment in the Grand Casablanca Area (Morocco): Impact of Road Traffic Emissions for the 2013-2016 Period
Authors: Inchaouh Manal , Khomsi Kenza , Tahiri Pr. Mohamed
Published: September 2018

Air Pollution is a serious hazard worldwide especially in urban areas. Road traffic is the main cause of pollution in agglomerations that are confronted to an excess of pollutants due to traffic intensity and the dominance of diesel cars. This paper presents the assessment of road traffic pollution in the Grand Casablanca area. Data used are the result of simultaneous measurements at thirteen sites located in the Grand Casablanca. Available data cover 4 years period (2013-2016). Traffic-related air pollutants are reviewed in order to assess their impact on the local air quality. It include nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO) and Benzene (C6H6). Annual evolutions are presented and compared to national air quality standards; NO2 annual trends are also evaluated. The [NO]/[NO2] emissions ratio calculation allows then to characterize the measurement sites against road traffic. The paper focuses on determining the contribution of road traffic emissions on air quality modifying; we found spatial variability in traffic pollutants. The results pointed out that road traffic and conditions are the main causes of air pollution in the area and the analysis provide a quick view of the relatively critical areas that need more action to reduce this pollution.
An International Comparison of Educational Research Review Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Yang Chiou-Rong , Wang Huei Lan
Published: September 2018

This paper explores the current status of educational research review mechanisms, assessment and ethical mechanisms in the UK, USA, Germany, France and Australia, and assesses the merits and shortcomings of the mechanisms and ways in which to improve them in those countries. This exploration is based on the perspective of comparative education and the concept of the academic tribe of T. Becher to assess peer review mechanisms. The research results include, first, the peer review system that was gradually developed in the UK, USA, France and Germany in the 1950s, which became a common mechanism for academic gatekeeping of the quality of educational research. Second, to ensure academic excellence, peer reviewers are required to be fair, professional, and specialized in a variety of “procedural justice” designs. Third, anonymous or not, peer review depends on the subcultures of different countries or academic communities. In the UK and USA, the process tends to be more transparent, and authors can suggest potential reviewers; however, this is not the case in Germany and France. Fourth, for the purpose of improving malpractice in terms of ethics and reliability in peer review, the professional qualifications of reviewers should be evaluated regularly. Finally, the outcome of the comparative study may be used as a reference for improvement of review mechanisms for educational research in Taiwan.
Does Prior Interprofessional Experience Influence the Attitudes of Graduate Healthcare Students about Interprofessional Education?
Authors: Oza Preeti D. , Nesbit Kathryn C.
Published: September 2018

Background: Educational background and students’ preparedness influence interprofessional education (IPE). We studied if healthcare students’ prior exposure tointerprofessional collaborations and education influenced their attitudes andreadiness for IPE.Methods: Graduate students were surveyed in this cross-sectional study using the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Survey (RIPLS). Independent variables included age, gender, type of healthcare program, diversity of clinical observation settings, and previous IPE coursework.Findings: Sixty-eight completed surveys included 60 percent in the 20 to 25-yearold group and 78 percent females. Controlling for age and gender, MANCOVA showed no group mean differences in the RIPLS.Conclusions: Students’ attitudes toward IPE are not associated with their professional program, previous IPE coursework, or exposure to interprofessional interactions in diverse clinical observations.
Secuencias de cultivo alternativas para incrementar el potencial forrajero y productividad del agua
Authors: Reta Sánchez David Guadalupe , Serrato Corona J. Santos , Quiroga Garza Héctor Mario , Gaytán Mascorro Arturo , Figueroa Viramontes Uriel
Published: September 2018

La intensificación de la producción de forraje durante el período otoño-invierno puede incrementar la productividad de los sistemas de producción. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el potencial forrajero y productividad del agua (PA) de secuencias de cultivo alternativas con doble cosecha en otoño-invierno. El estudio se realizó durante los ciclos 2012-2013 y 2013-2014 en Matamoros, Coahuila, México. Se compararon las secuencias alternativas canola-triticale-maíz, canola-cebada-maíz, canola-cártamo-maíz y canola-triticale-mijo perla con las secuencias convencionales avena-maíz-maíz y avena-sorgo-sorgo. Se determinó la composición química del forraje, los rendimientos de materia seca (MS), nutrientes y PA en la producción de MS, proteína cruda (PC) y energía neta para lactancia (ENL). Las secuencias alternativas mostraron mayores rendimientos (11.4 a 53.3 %) y valores superiores de PA (23.1 a 58.9 %) en la producción de PC (P<0.05), además de ahorros en lámina de riego anual de 5.7 a 36.0 cm al compararse con la secuencia convencional avena-maíz-maíz. Las mejores secuencias alternativas fueron las que incluyeron canola en otoño, cebada o triticale en invierno, y maíz en primavera, debido a su mayor rendimiento y PA en PC (P<0.05); además, sus valores de PA para MS (1.92 a 2.05 kg m-3) y ENL (12.22 a 13.64 MJ m-3) fueron similares (P>0.05) o mayores (P<0.05) a los de la secuencia avena-maíz-maíz con 1.65 a 1.99 kg m-3 para MS y 11.09-13.72 MJ m-3 para ENL. Los resultados indican que las secuencias alternativas con doble cosecha en otoño-invierno pueden mejorar la eficiencia de producción de forraje.
Variaciones en las respuestas termoregulatorias de ovejas de pelo durante los meses de verano en un clima desértico
Authors: Macías Cruz Ulises , Gastélum Miguel A. , Avendaño-Reyes Leonel , Correa-Calderón Abelardo , Mellado Miguel , Chay-Canul Alfonso , Arechiga Carlos F.
Published: September 2018

Se confinaron 10 ovejas multíparas Katahdin × Pelibuey, color blanco, no gestantes y no lactantes, para evaluar las variaciones diurnas de variables fisiológicas y concentración de algunos metabolitos sanguíneos a través de los meses calientes de verano (junio-septiembre), en una región desértica del noroeste de México. Las concentraciones de metabolitos se midieron a las 6 y 18 h y las variables fisiológicas a las 0, 6, 12 y 18 h durante cuatro días de cada mes (mediciones semanales). Los promedios para temperatura ambiental e índice de temperatura-humedad durante el verano fueron 33.6 ºC y 78.6 unidades, respectivamente, siendo agosto el mes más caliente. No cambió (P>0.05) el peso vivo y la condición corporal a través de los meses de verano. La temperatura rectal en agosto fue menor (P<0.05) entre 0 y 12 h, y mayor (P<0.05) a las 18 h comparado con los otros meses. La frecuencia respiratoria descendió (P<0.05) a las 6 h en todos los meses, pero a las 0 y 18 h fue mayor (P<0.05) en agosto que en los otros meses. Se observaron mayores (P<0.05) concentraciones de glucosa y menores (P<0.05) concentraciones de colesterol y triglicéridos en junio y julio con relación a agosto y septiembre. Se concluye que las ovejas de pelo mantienen homeotermia durante los meses de verano en regiones desérticas por cambiar el ritmo diurno de sus variables fisiológicas y metabolitos, de acuerdo con la intensidad del estrés calórico de cada mes.
Análisis de pedigrí en la determinación de la diversidad genética de poblaciones bovinas para carne mexicanas
Authors: Ramírez-Valverde Rodolfo , Delgadillo-Zapata Antonio Rafael , Domínguez-Viveros Joel , Hidalgo-Moreno Jorge Ángel , Núñez-Domínguez Rafael , Rodríguez-Almeida Felipe Alonso , Reyes-Quiroz Claudia , García-Muñiz José Guadalupe
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la diversidad genética de siete poblaciones de bovinos para carne en México, mediante análisis de sus pedigríes. Los análisis se realizaron con el programa Endog, utilizando información de los animales inscritos en el libro genealógico nacional de cada raza. Los tamaños de los pedigríes estudiados fueron: Angus (AN)= 73,271; Brangus Negro (BN)= 68,474; Brangus Rojo (BR)= 12,925; Hereford (HE)= 13,248; Limousin (LI)= 53,221; Salers (SA)= 14,065; y Suizo Europeo (SE)= 184,788. En general, las poblaciones mostraron mejoras importantes en la integridad de sus pedigríes en los 10 años más recientes, con parámetros comparables a los publicados en otras poblaciones de bovinos. El intervalo generacional varió de 5.1 a 7.2 años entre razas. Los coeficientes de consanguinidad y de relación genética aditiva promedio fueron relativamente bajos en las diferentes poblaciones (0.9-4.2 y 0.3-6.5 %, respectivamente); aunque en algunas razas (BN, BR y HE) se detectaron incrementos de estos indicadores en los 10 años más recientes. El tamaño efectivo de población fluctuó entre 24 y 192, con valores menores que 50 en BR y SA. Los parámetros relacionados con la probabilidad de origen de los genes indican que las contribuciones desbalanceadas de los animales fundadores, los cuellos de botella y la deriva genética, han tenido un efecto importante en las poblaciones actuales, con la consecuente pérdida de diversidad genética. Se recomienda continuar o adoptar estrategias de apareamiento que minimicen la consanguinidad, y el uso intensivo de pocos animales para mantener la variabilidad genética de futuras generaciones, así como ampliar la diversidad genética mediante el uso estratégico de genes provenientes de otros países.