bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of extraction variables on total phenol yield in some selected legumes indigenous to Nigeria
Authors: James Samaila , Ugochukwu Nwabueze Titus , Onwuka Gregory I. , Ndife Joel , Amuga Suleiman James
Published: June 2020

There are increasing research efforts on the possibilities of the utilization of natural sources of bioactive compounds for the dietary management of certain degenerative diseases due to their deleterious health effects associated with the the use of synthetic chemicals. Therefore, this study evaluated the yield of total phenol from bambaranut, cowpea, red bean and pigeon pea. A set of single factor experiments, namely solvent types (acetone, ethanol and methanol), solvent concentration (20 – 100 %, v/v), extraction time (30 – 50 min) and extraction temperature (40 – 60 °C), were evaluated for the optimization of total phenol recovery. The results show that extraction variables significantly (p < 0.05) affected the total phenol yield. Ethanol at 60% concentration (v/v) incubated at 50 °C for 40 min gave the highest total phenol (217.11 mg/100 g) yield in bambaranut. In cowpea, ethanol at 90% concentration (v/v) incubated at 50 °C for 50 min
gave the highest total phenol (192.61 mg/100 g). Methanol at 100% concentration incubated at 50 °C for 40 min gave the highest total phenol (212.00 mg/100 g) in the red bean while methanol at 100 % concentration (v/v) incubated at 50 °C for 40 min gave the highest total
phenol (196.33 mg/100 g) in pigeon pea.
Conocimientos, opiniones y uso del etiquetado nutricional de alimentos procesados en adolescentes ecuatorianos según tipo de colegio
Authors: Galarza Morillo Geovanna Estefania , Robles Rodríguez Julieta Beatriz , Chávez Vaca Vinicio Alexander , Pazmiño Estévez Karina Alexandra , Castro Burbano José
Published: June 2020

Antecedentes: el etiquetado nutricional es una herramienta que contribuye en la prevención de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, cuyos factores de riesgo son altamente prevalentes en Ecuador. Objetivo: comparar los conocimientos, opiniones y uso del etiquetado y del semáforo nutricional según el tipo de colegio, en un grupo de adolescentes de 1.o a 3.o de bachillerato de dos unidades educativas de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador, durante el año 2017. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal en 161 adolescentes de ambos sexos, de un colegio privado y otro público, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta sobre conocimientos, decisión de compra y lectura de las etiquetas nutricionales de alimentos procesados. Resultados: el 89,4 % de los adolescentes identificó la etiqueta nutricional, pero solo el 50,9 % la leyó, y solo el 32,3 % la entendió completamente; aunque el 45,3 % ha cambiado sus hábitos de consumo gracias al uso del semáforo nutricional y el 58,4 % manifestó que esto ha beneficiado también a su familia. El 79,5 % no prefirió los alimentos que incluían el semáforo nutricional dentro de la etiqueta. En ninguno de los casos se encontraron diferencias estadísticas según el tipo de colegio. Conclusión: el uso que hacen los jóvenes del etiquetado nutricional de los alimentos no contribuye con su elección al momento de adquirirlos, sin diferencias según el tipo de colegio.
Climate Variation-Induced Migration, Land Conflicts, and Security Situation in Nigeria
Authors: Igwe Dickson Ogbonnaya
Published: June 2020

Climate variation largely impacts migration in with the capacity to worsen conflict and security situations in parts of Africa, Nigeria in particularly, already facing security threats from the activities of sedentary and nomadic pastoral farmer’s interaction. Increasing variations in rainfall patterns significantly impact the migration patterns of vulnerable households and constitute a risk factor to their livelihoods. For effective adaptation plan and sustainable livelihood decision that has climate resilient future, there is need for better understanding of the conflict and security implications of climate variation. This paper, therefore, interrogates the nexus between climate variation and migration, as well as the impact of this nexus on conflicts and security of lives and properties in Nigeria. Using critical analysis and qualitative methodology, the study establishes that migration settlement policies that fail to define the rights and duties of settlers and those of indigenes of any particular community, create loopholes for the reification of identities and identity-induced crisis. The conclusion of the paper is that migration issues resulting from climate variation have not been adequately addressed to involve all stakeholders. There is the need to harvest environmental impact assessment data of climate variation to guide the provision of alternative options to climate-related emergencies across Nigeria.
The Flag of Imagination: Peru's New Reform on Legal Capacity for Persons with Intellectual and Psychosocial Disabilities and the Need for New Understandings in Private Law
Authors: Constantino Caycho Renato Antonio
Published: June 2020

This paper analyzes the recent reform regarding the legal capacity of persons with disabilities in Peru. It provides a domestic legal and judicial context in which the reform was adopted. Following this, the paper aims to analyze the reform’s conformity with article 12 of the Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, noting that the current regulation is only partially CRPD compliant. The current design of judicially designated supporters can be understood as valid under specific interpretations of Article 12, while the design of safeguards does not comply with such standard. The paper addresses the impact of legal capacity reform in traditional private law theory of the juridical act. Currently, the Peruvian system does not provide clear or accurate standards to respond to this problem. The paper shines a light on the need to rethink multiple concepts of private law in order to make legal capacity reform fully operational.
The Protection of Access to Food for Civilians under International Humanitarian Law: Acts Constituting War Crimes
Authors: Fillol Mazo Adriana
Published: June 2020

The objective of this paper is to examine the specific provisions, within the framework of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), that protect the human right to food of the civilian population and to observe to what extent the protection of access to food is an issue taken into account by IHL during the development of an armed conflict. Answering these questions requires a detailed analysis of this branch of international law, in order to identify the specific rules of IHL that aim, directly or indirectly, to ensure that civilians do not see denied their access to food during the armed conflict, whether international or non-international.  In many armed conflicts, a greater number of civilians die from food deprivation than as a direct result of hostilities. In this sense, the Statute of the International Criminal Court criminalizes those acts that, during the armed conflict, violate IHL prohibitions related to food issues, thus we will also mention them, with the aim of clarifying the possible individual criminal responsibility attributed to those who carry out such acts. The scientific method that has been used in this work is the legal-sociological method, insofar as it is the one that we consider most appropriate for the multidisciplinary approach, always from the legal point of view, regarding the understanding of the rules, the lack of them, their effectiveness, their rationale, etc.  This method is based on the idea that law cannot be studied as an isolated domain but must be analysed as part of social reality. The elaboration of this work, with a multidisciplinary object, has also required the use of several methodological techniques, such as social and legal analysis, legal deduction and induction, description and interdisciplinarity.
RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF KYIV
Authors: Uvarova Hanna
Published: June 2020

Objective: the analysis of modern state, problems and prospects of the use of Kyiv recreational potential, features of forming of recreational environment in different city districts.

Methodology: collection, analysis and generalization of information and statistical data in relation to the use of Kyiv recreational potential.

Results: data regarding modern state, problems and prospects of the use of Kyiv natural recreational potential have been collected; possibilities of forming of recreational environment in city have been shown; main landscape-recreational systems have been described.

Scientific novelty: features and ways of optimization of city recreational environment have been determined.

Practical implications: research results can be used both for the educational process of tourist specialists and for planning recreational activity in the capital.
Göz Ardı Edilen Bir Durum: Yaşlı istismarı ve etkileyen faktörler
Authors: DOĞAN Nurhan
Published: June 2020

Dünya’da artan
yaşlı nüfus ile birlikte yaşlı istismarı araştırılması ve üzerinde durulması
gereken konular arasına girmeye başlamıştır. Yaşlanma süreci ile birlikte
bireyin baş etmesi gereken toplumsal, fiziksel, psikolojik ve ekonomik süreçler
yaşlıyı büyük oranda sıkıntıya sokmaktadır. Bu süreçte yaşlı bireylere gereken
desteği vermek en başta aile üyelerine düşmektedir. Ancak yaşlı istismarı
değerlendirildiğinde, yaşlıların çoğunlukla aile üyeleri tarafından istismar
edildiği ve genellikle duygusal, fiziksel, ekonomik ve psikolojik istismara
maruz kaldıkları görülmektedir. Yaşlı istismarı “Güven beklentisi olan herhangi bir ilişkide yaşlıya zarar veren veya
strese sokan tek ya da tekrarlayan uygunsuz davranışlarda bulunulmasıdır”
şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Aynı zamanda, istismar yaşlıları inciten, yaralayan,
psikososyal sorunlara yol açan önlenebilir bir sorundur. Sağlık çalışanlarının
büyük çoğunluğunun çocuk istismarına yoğunlaşması yaşlı istismar ve ihmalinin
genellikle göz ardı edilen bir konu olmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu derlemede,
yaşlı istismarı, istismarı etkileyen faktörler ve konuyla ilgili yapılmış
çalışmalara ve hemşirenin bu konudaki sorumluluklarına yer verilmiştir.
Bir Kadın Hakkı İhlali: Obstetrik Şiddet
Authors: KİLCİ Şeyma , DEMİREL BOZKURT Özlem , SARUHAN Aynur
Published: June 2020

Obstetrik
şiddet, kadına karşı insan haklarını ihlal eden özel bir şiddet biçimidir.
Gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonrası dönemde görülebilen hem anne hem de bebek
sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkileyen önemli bir sorundur. Obstetrik şiddet, sağlık
hizmetlerinde bakım sırasında gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonrası dönemde kadına
fiziksel ve/veya psikolojik zarar veren eylem, ihmal ve saygısız muamelelerden
oluşmaktadır. Dünyadaki birçok ülkeyi etkileyen obstetrik şiddet, kadınları
kaliteli bakımdan uzaklaştırmakta, fiziksel ve zihinsel sağlığını olumsuz yönde
etkilemektedir. Hizmet sunumunda karşılaşılan obstetrik şiddet unsurları; üreme
haklarının ihlali, azarlama, alay, ironi, hakaret, tehdit, aşağılama, bilginin
manipülasyonu, zamanında etkili ve acil tıbbi bakımın verilmemesi/geciktirilmesi,
isteklere kayıtsızlık veya şikâyetler, doğum eyleminin aşamalarında verilen
kararlarda kadının bilgilendirilmemesi, kadınların onurlarına saygı
gösterilmemesi, kadınların rızasını almadan uygulanan ağrı yönetimi, anne-bebek
temasını geciktirmek, emzirmenin engellenmesi gibi kasıtlı olarak zarar veren
eylemlerdir. Obstetrik şiddetin olmaması/azaltılması için sağlık
profesyonellerinin kaliteli ve saygılı bir şekilde hizmet sağlamaları
gerekmektedir. Annelik bakım kültürünü değiştirmek için umut verici yaklaşımlar
sunan ve doğum sırasında kötü muameleden zarar gören kadınlar için sağlık bakım
sistemlerinde yasal değişiklikler yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede,
literatür doğrultusunda ülkemiz yasalarında henüz yer almayan “obstetrik şiddet” kavramına dikkat çekmek ve sağlık
çalışanlarının kadınların yaşadığı obstetrik şiddete yönelik farkındalığının
arttırılması amaçlanmıştır.
A study of variation in serum lipid levels in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria
Authors: P. Prashanth Kumar , Nazareth Rashmi Amans Flora
Published: June 2020

Background: Malaria is a common protozoal infection. Plasmodium vivax malaria is the most common species distributed worldwide and in India. The vivax malarial infection is associated with various haematological and biochemical abnormalities, anaemia and thrombocytopenia among the frequently identified abnormal parameters. However vivax malaria is also associated with abnormal lipid levels including low cholesterol levels and normal to high serum triglyceride levels.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional observational study including 100 inpatients admitted to Medical College Hospital over a period of 18 months diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax malaria. The patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The relevant data was collected and analysed.Results: Vivax malaria infection was found to be more common among males (80%) and during third decade of life (51%). HDL Cholesterol was decreased in all cases, LDL Cholesterol and Total Cholesterol was also decreased in nearly all patients with only 1% cases having values above normal range. Serum Triglycerides was elevated more than 150 mg/dl in 69% cases with 25% cases having values above 200mg/dl. The hypocholestrolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were directly proportional to the thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, elevated serum creatinine levels and parasite load.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the presence of altered serum lipid levels in the form of hypocholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria mono infection. This study also shows that the above lipid alterations were found to be deranged to greater extent in clinically, haematologically and biochemically severe form of infections.
Comparative study of outcome of cataract surgery in diabetic and non-diabetic patients
Authors: C A Sowmya , K Vallabha
Published: June 2020

To compare the visual outcome following cataract surgery in diabetics and non-diabetics.

A comparative study of 58 eyes in the diabetic and 58 eyes in the non-diabetic group that underwent small incision cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Age, sex, surgical technique, follow up, pre- and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and post-op complications were evaluated.

Out of 116 patients, 58 were diabetic and 58 were non diabetics. Small incision cataract surgery with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was done in all patients. Follow up duration was 4 weeks. The mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity in the diabetic group was 1.60±0.81 and in non-diabetic group was 1.62±0.87. The mean post-operative best corrected visual acuity in log MAR units in the diabetic group was 0.39±0.32 and in the non-diabetic group was 0.32±0.27. The difference in pre and post op visual outcome was statistically significant (p=0.001). Post-operative visual acuity of 6/12 or better was achieved in 62.1% eyes in diabetic patients and 69% among non-diabetic patients. Post-operative complications included: posterior capsular opacification, corneal edema, anterior chamber reaction, striate keratopathy, pigment dispersion, cystoid macular edema and vitreous loss. The incidence was higher in the diabetic group.

Small incision cataract surgery in diabetics without diabetic retinopathy yields similar visual outcomes as non-diabetics. There is a higher incidence of post-operative complications among diabetics, which can be managed conservatively. So extra care should be taken intra-operatively and during post-op follow up.
Sutureless and glue-free pterygium surgery done by residents: Post-operative outcomes
Authors: Mohanty Lipa , Kiri Hardik , Purohit Ajay , Goyal Seemal
Published: June 2020

To assess the results of sutureless and glue-free blood clot fixation of conjunctival autograft after primary pterygium excision.

A total of 94 eyes of 91 patients were operated by 3 residents. All eyes underwent primary pterygium excision followed by conjunctival autografting. The recipient bed was encouraged to achieve natural haemostasis and blood clot was used as tissue adhesive to secure conjunctival autograft. Graft adherence and positioning was examined after 15 min.

After surgery, out of total 94 eyes (n), graft edema developed in 22 eyes (23.4%), sub graft hematoma in 4 eyes (4.3%), graft loss in 2 eye (2.1%), granuloma formation in 1 eye (1.1%), and avascular patch in 1 eye (1.1%).

Sutureless and glue-free pterygium excision with autologous conjunctival autograft is a simple and safe surgery even in the hands of residents. It provides excellent cosmesis and reasonable patient satisfaction.
Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Means Ends Analysis Dengan Strategi Heuristik Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika
Authors: Solikah Afidatus , Himmah Wulan Izzatul
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui keefektifan penggunaan model pembelajaran Means Ends Analysis dengan strategi pembelajaran heuristik efektif dalam kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas VII SMP N 2 Bringin. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif jenis eksperimen semu. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pretest posttest control group design. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling dan diperoleh sampel yaitu kelas VIIF sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIIE sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan program SPSS versi 25.0 dengan uji Independent Sampel T Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Means Ends Analysis dengan strategi pembelajaran heuristik efektif dalam kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas VII SMP N 2 Bringin.
Researchers at Arab Universities Hold Positive Views on Research Data Management and Data Sharing
Authors: Kaari Jennifer
Published: June 2020

A Review of:

Elsayed, A. M., & Saleh, E. I. (2018). Research data management and sharing among researchers in Arab universities: An exploratory study. IFLA Journal, 44(4), 281–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035218785196

Abstract

Objective – To investigate researchers’ practices and attitudes regarding research data management and data sharing.

Design – Email survey.

Setting – Universities in Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.

Subjects – Surveys were sent to 4,086 academic faculty researchers.

Methods – The survey was emailed to faculty at three Arab universities, targeting faculty in the life sciences and engineering. The survey was created using Google Docs and remained open for five months. Participants were asked basic demographic questions, questions regarding their research data and metadata practices, and questions regarding their data sharing practices.

Main Results – The authors received 337 responses, for a response rate of 8%. The results showed that 48.4% of respondents had a data management plan and that 97% were responsible for preserving their own data. Most respondents stored their research data on their personal storage devices. The authors found that 64.4% of respondents reported sharing their research data. Respondents most frequently shared their data by publishing in a data research journal, sharing through academic social networks such as ResearchGate, and providing data upon request to peers. Only 5.1% of respondents shared data through an open data repository.  Of those who did not share data, data privacy and confidentiality were the most common reasons cited. Of the respondents who did share their data, contributing to scientific progress and increased citation and visibility were the primary reasons for doing so. A total of 59.6% of respondents stated that they needed more training in research data management from their universities.

Conclusion – The authors conclude that researchers at Arab universities are still primarily responsible for their own data and that data management planning is still a new concept to most researchers. For the most part, the researchers had a positive attitude toward data sharing, although depositing data in open repositories is still not a widespread practice. The authors conclude that in order to encourage strong data management practices and open data sharing among Arab university researchers, more training and institutional support is needed.
Comparison five primer sets from different genome region of COVID-19 for detection of virus infection by conventional RT-PCR
Authors: Mollaei Hamid Reza , Aghaei Afshar Abass , Kalantar-Neyestanaki Davood , Fazlalipour Mehdi , Aflatoonian Behnaz
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives: The new beta-coronavirus, which caused Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus-2 Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), a major respiratory outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, is now prevalent in many countries around the world. Identifying PCR-based viruses is a well-known and relatively stable protocol. Unfortunately, the high mutation rates may lead to widespread changes in viral nucleic acid sequences, and so using specific primers for PCR can be recom- mended. In this study, we evaluated the power of a conventional RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA among the five set primer sets.
Materials and Methods: The five genomic regions of the Coronavirus SARS-2 virus including Nucleocapsids (N), Enve- lope (E), RNA depended RNA Polymerase (RdRp), ORF1ab and Spike (S) were selected for primer designing. A convention- al RT-PCR was performed to compare sensitivity, specificity and other analytical characteristics of primers designed against two Real Time PCR commercial kits.
Results: The result of the comparative analysis showed that the ORF1ab, N and RdRp primers had a sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value higher than other primers. A significant difference in the analytical sensitivity between the studied primer sets in RT-PCR kits was observed.
Conclusion: In this study, the ORF1ab, Nucleocapsid and RdRp regions have the best primers for identifying the SARS- CoV-2 RNA between different genes that have been suggested.
Prevalence of scrub typhus in a tertiary care centre in Telangana, south India
Authors: Mylavarapu Venkata Naga Lakshmi Ram Mohan , Vijay Dharma Teja , Sudhaharan Sukanya , Malladi Venkata Surya Subbalaxmi , Emmadi Rajkiran , Raju Yadati Satyanarayana , Modugu Nageswara Rao , Jyotsna Aparna
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives: Scrub typhus is re-emerging as an important cause of acute undifferentiated fever in the last decade from various parts of India. Complexity in performing the “gold standard” immunofluorescent assay and the unre- liable nature of Weil Felix test often results in delayed or misdiagnosis in a majority of cases. The present study seeks to integrate the results of rapid diagnostic tests, clinical and laboratory features to aid the diagnosis and management of scrub typhus patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 645 serum samples with suspected scrub typhus sent to the Department of Microbiology were included in the study. Scrub typhus was tested by rapid immunochromatographic test (SD Diagnostics) and IgM ELI- SA (Inbios International, USA). Clinical features, laboratory parameters and final outcome were analysed from the clinical records of positive patients.
Results: Scrub typhus was diagnosed in 13.7% of patients and majority of them were observed in the month of August. 58.6% of scrub typhus patients presented with fever of one to two weeks duration. Eschar was documented in 13.7% of patients and 24% of patients gave a history of working outdoors or exposure to vegetation. All the patients responded to Doxycycline treatment and there was no mortality.
Conclusion: High index of suspicion for scrub typhus is necessary in febrile patients not responding to conventional anti- biotics especially during outbreak situations. Rapid immunochromatographic tests with excellent specificity and acceptable sensitivity can be used as potential point of care tests for quick diagnosis of scrub typhus especially in delayed presentation.
Comparison of two molecular diagnostic methods for identifying Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Mahghani Ghorban Ali , Kargar Mohammad , Kafilzadeh Farshid , Davoodi Homa , Ghaemi Ezzat Allah
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives: The Beijing family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been identified as a severe pathogen among this species and found in many clinical isolates during the last decade. Early identification of such genotype is import- ant for better prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. The present study performed to compare the efficiency of Real-Time PCR and IS6110-Based Inverse PCR methods to identify the Beijing family.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 173 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Golestan Province, northern Iran. DNA extraction performed by boiling and determining the Beijing and non-Beijing strains carried out using Real-Time PCR and IS6110-Based Inverse PCR.
Results: In both Real-Time PCR and IS6110-Based Inverse PCR method, 24 specimens (13.9%) of the Beijing family were identified and the result of the IS6110-Based Inverse PCR method showed that all the Beijing strains in this region belonged to the Ancient Beijing sub-lineage.
Conclusion: Although the efficacy of the two methods in the diagnosis of the Beijing family is similar, the IS6110-Based Inverse PCR is more applicable to the ability to detect new and old Beijing family.
Virulence factors analysis and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients in northeast of Iran
Authors: Ghavidel Mahdis , Gholamhosseini-Moghadam Tahere , Nourian Kimiya , Ghazvini Kiarash
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives: Escherichia coli is known to be the pathogen commonly isolated from those infected with uri- nary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of E. coli virulence genes and antibiotics’ resistance pattern among clinical isolates in the Northeast of Iran. Relationships between virulence genes and antimicrobial resistances were studied as well.
Materials and Methods: Three hundred isolates of E. coli were isolated from patients with UTIs that referred to Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals (Mashhad, Iran) during August 2016 to February 2017. A multiplex PCR was employed to amplify the genes encoding pyelonephritis associated pili (pap), S-family adhesions (sfa), type1fimbriae (fimH) and aerobactin (aer). Disk diffusion test was performed to test the susceptibility of isolates to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, quino- lone, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Results: The PCR results identified the fimH in 78.4%, aer in 70.5%, sfa in 13.6% and the pap in 8.2% of isolates. The rates of antibiotic resistance of the isolates were as follows: 64.7% resistant to cephalosporins, 34% to trimethoprim-sul- famethoxazole, 31% to fluoroquinolones, 15.3% to aminoglycosides, 13.3% to β-lactams, 7.8% to quinolones and 4.4% to carbapenems. Significant relationships existed between pap and aer, pap and sfa, aer and fluoroquinolones also pap and cephalosporins.
Conclusion: fimH and aer were found in > 50% of isolates suggesting the importance of both genes in UPEC. The majority of isolates had fimH as adhesion factor for colonization. Determining antibiotic resistance patterns in specific geographical areas is necessary for appropriate treatment of urinary tract infection. The high rate of resistance to cephalosporins is most likely due to incorrect drug administration
Healthy Aging and Happiness in the Korean Elderly Based upon Leisure Activity Type
Authors: BUM Chul-Ho , JOHNSON John Arthur , CHOI Chulhwan
Published: June 2020

Background: Leisure activities contribute to a healthy retirement and increase the life satisfaction of the elderly, who may suffer from a stronger sense of emotional isolation, depression, and loneliness. Methods: A total of 397 elderly Koreans aged 65 and over participated in this study on the differences in healthy aging and happiness depending on type of leisure activity (i.e., active, passive, and social activities). A cross-sectional survey design with a purposive sampling method to collect data were employed. SPSS 23.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis, and one-way MANOVA. Results: In terms of social health, the passive leisure participants had relatively lower mean scores than the other two groups. For the physical health factor, the active leisure participants had higher mean scores. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of psychological health and happiness with life for the elderly participating in the active, passive, and social leisure activities. This study found that only active leisure activities help the elderly to enjoy their old age by increasing their physical health, indicating that the dissatisfaction and unhappiness incurred with the natural aging process can only be offset by a physical lifestyle. Furthermore, passive leisure activities that are enjoyed alone may impede a socially-healthy aging process. Conclusion: While all forms of leisure activity can provide emotional stability, active leisure activity was deemed the most important in this study, as it helped resolve the most significant hurdle to maintaining health.
Changes of miR-130a and ET-1 and Their Predictive Value for In-Stent Restenosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: LIU Hongliang , QIAN Hao , MA Junlin , DAI Qiming , JI Mingyue
Published: June 2020

Background: To explore the changes of miR-130a and endothelin -1 (ET-1) and their predictive value for instent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Overall, 253 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) treated with PCI in Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huaian, China from April 2013 to May 2016 were selected. The changes of miR-130a and ET-1 levels before and after PCI were compared. The predictive value of miR-130a and ET-1 for ISR was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the correlation between ISR and miR-130a, ET-1 was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve. The risk factors of ISR in CHD patients were evaluated by logistics regression analysis. Results: The postoperative levels of miR-130a and ET-1 were significantly increased (P<0.05). The levels of miR-130a and ET-1 in peripheral blood of patients with ISR were higher than those in patients without ISR (P<0.05). The ROC curves showed that the area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and critical value of miR-130a in predicting ISR were respectively 0.912, 92.02%, 73.47%, 1.457 pmol/L, and those of ET-1 were 0.814, 87.63%, 63.27%, 2.245 pmol/L, respectively. The K-M curve showed that the incidence of ISR in patients with high expression of miR-130a or ET-1 was significantly higher than that in patients with low expression (P<0.05). miR-130a and ET-1 were independent risk factors for ISR (P<0.05). Conclusion: MiR-130a and ET-1 have high predictive value for ISR after PCI and are independent risk factors for CHD patients, which are worthy of clinical application.
Regulation of miR-596 on the Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells through Its Targeting Inhibition of BCL-2
Authors: WANG Jianmiao , YANG Jing , QIU Ji , SONG Taoyan
Published: June 2020

Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between miR-596, BCL-2, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, and to explore the mechanism of miR-596 in gastric cancer. Besides, this study aimed to find the target of miR-596 and explore the mechanism of action of miR-596 in gastric cancer. Methods: Eighteen samples of gastric cancer tissues and 18 samples of corresponding tumor-adjacent tissues were collected from 18 gastric cancer patients (aged from 40 to 55 yr) admitted to Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, China from March 2017 to May 2018. The expression levels of miR-596 and BCL-2 were detected to verify the regulation of miR-596 on the apoptosis and proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines MKN-45 and HGC-27 and its effect on BCL-2 expression. Results: The expression level of miR-596 was notably lower in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues, and BCL-2 level was notably higher in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues. After the up-regulation of miR-596 expression, the proliferation of MKN-45 and HGC-27 cells was significantly decreased, the level of apoptosis was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expression of BCL-2 was decreased. The dual-luciferase report showed that miR-596 had a targeting inhibition of BCL-2. Gastric cancer cells with up-regulated miR596 and BCL-2 had significantly higher proliferation and lower apoptosis than cells with up-regulated miR-596. Conclusions: miR-596 can inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and promote the apoptosis through its targeting inhibition of BCL-2 expression.
A Descriptive-Comparative Study of Implementation and Performance of Family Physician Program in Iran and Selected Countries
Authors: SEPEHRI Bita , GHAFFARI Reza , JEDDIAN Alireza , SALEK Fariba , EMROUZI Robabeh , GHAFFARIFAR Saeideh , BAGHBAN REZVAN Flora
Published: June 2020

Background: The implementation of Family Physician Program (FPP) in Iran during the past decade, despite of its numerous achievements, has faced many challenges. We aimed to compare the implementation and the performance of FPP in Iran with selected countries, in order to analyze those challenges and suggest potential solutions. Methods: This current descriptive-comparative study was conducted in 2015. The implementation and the performance of the FPP in Iran and six countries (Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, Denmark, United States and the Netherlands) were described and compared. The criteria for selection of these countries were the existence of well-established FFPs and ease of access to data required to conduct the research. A documentation checklist of the implementation status and FPP practice was prepared. The checklist’s content validity was established by an independent 10 member expert panel, specializing in the field of Family Medicine. The conclusive checklist was finalized for each country, based on inter-rater agreement of the three researchers and used as a basis for this comparative study. Results: This study revealed significant differences in implementation of the FPP and relatively low differences in FPP performance between Iran and the selected countries. Conclusion: Implementation and performance of FPP and patient referral system in Iran struggles with serious challenges and burdens, in contrast with the selected reviewed countries. As such, modification of the FPP in Iran seems to be a must. Such modification may include developing educational programs for FPs, clearly defining the duties and practices of FPs, and revising their reimbursement and employment status.
Evaluation of Th1/Th2 Lymphocyte Balance in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Authors: VASEGHI Hajar , ESFAHANIAN Fatemeh , JADALI Zohreh
Published: June 2020

Background: The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is well established, whereas the precise and likely the overlapping contributions of different T-cell subpopulations to thyroid injury are less understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the expression pattern of two lineage determining transcription factors, T-bet and GATA-3 that regulate differentiation of T cells into Th1 or Th2 cell fates, respectively. Moreover, the mRNA expression and plasma concentration of Th1(IFN-γ) and Th2(IL-4) cytokines were analyzed. Methods: In this case-control study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the expression patterns of various transcripts in 20 patients (in Endocrinology Clinic, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2015) with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and 22 healthy controls. Plasma IL-4 and IFN-γ concentrations were also measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: T-bet gene expression was significantly lower in patients compared to healthy controls (P=0.014). The expression of IL-4 mRNAs was significantly increased in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients as compared to normal controls (P=0.001). In addition, a marked increase in plasma IL-4 levels were observed in patient group compared to controls (P=0.043). Conclusion: Altered balance between Th1 and Th2 related transcription factors and cytokines may be implicated in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Eleven Year Epidemiological Study of Tuberculosis in Golestan Province, Northern of Iran
Authors: HONARVAR Mohammad Reza , CHARKAZI Abdurrahman , MIRKARIMI Kamal , SHEIKHI Mahnaz , KAMALINIA Hamid Reza , RAHIM ARBABI Elahe
Published: June 2020

Background: At present, researchers were aimed at exploring the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in Golestan Province in North of Iran that usually ranks 2nd or 1st, alternatively. Methods: An epidemiological study of 11 years was carried out over 8405 patients with TB from 2005 to 2014 years. Data were collected from Health System of the Ministry of Health in Iran using a patient- sheet. Descriptive statistics were applied to report the results. Results: Of those screened, the vast majority of patients with newly diagnosed smear-positive 1799 (41.6%) and smear-positive with relapse 203 (56.5%) were referred from Health System (outpatient cases). Given the newly diagnosed TB, 3559 and 264 of smear-positive were treated and died, respectively; while, 1196 and 119 of smearnegative cases were accordingly treated completely and died. Conclusion: The vast majority of TB cases are infected by pulmonary TB, educational preventive programs seem likely more useful to control the disease.
Correlation between Age, Working Period and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Complaints with Nordic Body Map among Fishermen
Authors: TUALEKA Abdul Rohim , JALALUDIN Juliana , SALESMAN Frans , WAHYU Atjo , DAIKA Nefri
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Infant Mortality Is One of the Leading Types of Death in the World
Authors: TURGAMBAYEVA Assiya , OSPANOVA Kulzhami , KISSAMEDENOV Nurlan , ZHAMANTAYEV Olzhas , TASHMETOV Kasymzhan
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Educational Status, Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Body Composition in Serbian Adult Population
Authors: KUKIĆ Filip , DOPSAJ Milivoj , NIKIĆ Marina Đorđević , KOROPANOVSKI Nenad , MAKSIMOVIĆ Miloš , EMINOVIĆ Fadilj , DOPSAJ Violeta
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Involuntary Weight Loss and Late-Life Depression in Korean Older Adults
Authors: JIN Youngyun , CHO Jinkyung , LEE Inhwan , PARK Soohyun , KIM Donghyun , KONG Jiyoung , KANG Hyunsik
Published: June 2020

Background: To investigate the association between involuntary weight loss (IWL) and late-life depression (LLD) in a population-based cohort study. Methods: Data (N=6945) obtained from the 2008 baseline and 2011 follow-up assessments of the Living Profiles of Older People Survey in Korea were used. Changed body weight between the 2008 and 2011 was classified into stable weight (<-5% ~ <+5%), lightweight loss (≥-5% ~ <-10%), moderate weight loss (≥-10%), lightweight gain (+≥5 ~ <+10%), and moderate weight gain (≥+10%). Results: Compared to the stable weight group, the moderate weight loss group had a higher risk of LLD (odds ratio=1.99, 95% confidence interval=1.61-2.46, P<0.001) even after adjustments for covariates, including age, BMI, education, income, life of solitude, smoking, physical activity, dependent aging, comorbidity, and cognitive function. Conclusion: IWL is significantly associated with LLD in Korean older adults, implying the prognostic importance of IWL for presenting mental health issues later in life.
Association between Plasma Adipocytokines Levels and Intracranial Versus Extracranial Atherosclerotic Among Chinese Patients with Stroke
Authors: LIU Chunyu , YANG Xiaodan , CHEN Changqing
Published: June 2020

Background: To detect the levels of plasma Adipocytokines, TNF-α, IL-6 and PAI-1 in patients with intracranial and extracranial arteriosclerosis. Methods: From September 2015 to September 2017, 318 patients aged ≥60 years were enrolled. Overall, 192 patients were included in the case group (intracranial and extracranial arteriosclerosis group). The 196 outpatients who matched the case groupware selected as the control group. The levels of plasma APN, TNF-α, IL-6 and PAI-1 were measured and their inter- and intra-group comparisons were performed using t-test or analysis of variance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the correlation between intracranial arteriosclerosis and extracranial arteriosclerosis. Results: The level of plasma APN in the intracranial and extracranial arteriosclerosis group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.025). The plasma levels of PAI-1, TNF-α and IL-6 were obviously higher than those in the control group (P=0.003, P=0.008, P=0.043). In the intracranial arteriosclerosis group, the level of plasma APN in patients with arterial stenosis ≥70% was significantly lower than that in patients with stenosis 30%-69% (P=0.028). Conclusion: Plasma APN, PAI-1, IL-6 and TNF-α levels can be used as monitoring indicators of intracranial and extracranial arteriosclerosis. Intracranial arteriosclerosis is significantly associated with the decrease of plasma APN level and the increase of plasma PAI- 1, IL-6 and TNF-α levels.
The Impact of Health Investment on Economic Growth: Evidence from China
Authors: SHEN Qingyuan , CHANG Binbin , YIN Guoyu , WANG Wendong
Published: June 2020

Background: Currently, China is carrying forward “Healthy China” construction. Thus, health investment has gradually become an important issue concerned by the Chinese government. Exploring the influence of health investment on economic growth under this background is of great theoretical and realistic significance for realizing economic transformation and upgrading in China. Methods: Thirty-one provincial regions in China were selected as research objects. Based on the panel data during 2000-2017, difference-generalized method of moment (D-GMM) and system-generalized method of moment (S-GMM) were comprehensively used to estimate the dynamic panel model from the national perspective, combining the fixed effects model (FE) estimation method to estimate the static panel model from the regional perspective, so as to investigate the relationships among governmental, residential health investment, and economic growth. Results: First, the governmental and residential health investments have positive effects on economic growth. Second, from the perspective of different regions, the governmental and residential health investments present positive correlations with economic growth, but the correlations present a progressively decreasing trend from the east to west. Conclusion: The Chinese government needs to steadily increase governmental health investment, elevate the level of residents' health expenditure, promote the development of the health industry, and finally facilitate sustainable economic growth in China.
Income-Related Inequality in Traffic Accident Health Outcomes (Injury, Disability and Mortality): Evidence from the Nationwide Survey in Iran
Authors: ROSHANFEKR Payam , KHODAIE-ARDAKANI Mohammad-Reza , SAJJADI Homeira , MALEK AFZALI ARDAKANI Hossein
Published: June 2020

Background: Despite many efforts, Iran continues to have a high rate of traffic accidents and poor health outcomes. This study aimed to measure income-related inequality for traffic accident health outcomes in Iran, a country with one of the highest rates of traffic accidents and related health problems. Methods: The source of data was a national representative survey named the Iranian Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (IrMIDHS, 2010). Monthly household income is obtained through self-report in different quarters. Disparity rate ratio (DRR), slop index of inequality (SII) and the population attributable risk percentage measure (PAR%) were calculated. The concentration index (CI) of RTIs was used as our measure of socioeconomic inequality and decomposed into its determining factors. Results: Using the DRR index, in the lowest income group, the risk of death from an accident was 2.3 times, greater and the risk of accidental disability was 11.7 times greater than for the third income quartet. The slope index also shows that the rate of road traffic deaths, disability and injury per 100,000 individuals decreased by 28, 82, and 392 moving from lower to higher incomes. This decrease in injury was about 581 for motorcyclists. CI was -0.04078643 (SE=.01424828, P-value 0.004). Male sex (68.9%), 15-29 yr old age (9.4%), employed activity status (20.8%) has a positive contribution in the RTIs concentration index. Conclusion: In addition to intervention related to the road safety and vehicles and reducing human errors, prevention of the road traffic ill health outcomes requires attention to reduction of inequality in society.
Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential Oil Induce Apoptosis in Two Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines (HCT116 & SW48)
Authors: AHANI Narges , SANGTARASH Mohammad Hossein , ALIPOUR ESKANDANI Majid , HOUSHMAND Massoud
Published: June 2020

Background: Zataria multiflora Boiss. is known by the common Persian name “Avishan-e-Shirazi”, is one of the best-known medicinal herbs belonging to the Labiatae (Lamiaceae) family. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effects and the underlying mechanisms of how Z. multiflora Boiss., essential oil induced apoptosis in the human colorectal tumor cell lines (HCT116 & SW48). Methods: This study was conducted in National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB) (Tehran, Iran) from 2017 to 2019. The cytotoxicity of this essential oil was assessed by 3- (4,5-di-methylthiazol2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide (MTT) assay, trypan blue exclusion, and colony formation assays. We assessed apoptosis and measure intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by flow cytometry. Then gene expression was analyzed by Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR. Results: Z. multiflora Boiss., essential oil time- and dose-dependently inhibits cell proliferation and also induced apoptosis in both cell lines via UCP2-related mitochondrial pathway by the induction of intracellular ROS. Conclusion: Z. multiflora Boiss., essential oil could be a good candidate for use as an inhibitor of the growth of colorectal tumor cells.
Discrimination and Dissatisfaction among Nurses Is a Threat for Objectives of Policies?
Authors: MEHTARPOUR Mojtaba , JAAFARIPOOYAN Ebrahim
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Effect of Schroth Rehabilitation Exercise Program on Scoliometer Readings, Lumbar Lordosis and Calcaneal Valgus Angle in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Yong PARK Jae , KIM Sang Ho , LEE Jung Chul , JU Sung Bum
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Breast Cancer in Pakistan: Alarming Situation of Breast Cancer in Near Future
Authors: ARIF Muhammad , JAVED Mohsin , RAZA Hamid
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
The Differential Effects of Governmental Direct and Indirect Subsidies on Healthcare Organization’s Profitability in South Korea
Authors: YOON Sung Man
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.