bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legume Cover Crops and Tillage Impact Nitrogen Dynamics in Organic Corn Production
Authors: Liebman Alexander M. , Grossman Julie , Brown Matthew , Wells M. Scott , Reberg‐Horton S. C. , Shi Wei
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Reduced tillage of legume cover crops releases significant amount of N coupled with corn N uptake.

Roller crimper termination of legumes releases nitrogen at similar total amounts to disking.

Increased experimentation needed to improve corn population and yields in roller crimped stands.

Cover cropping and reduced tillage are two management practices that increase ecosystem services in agroecosystems. However, their interactive effects on N dynamics and cash crop yield are underexplored. In this study, four different termination approaches, employing no‐till and tillage, and organic and conventional techniques were used with four winter annual leguminous cover crop species to investigate the combined effect on plant‐available nitrogen (PAN) and subsequent organic corn (Zea mays L.) yield. Termination treatments included roller‐crimping, flail‐mowing, disking, and herbicide application with cover crops of Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L. subs. arvense, AWP), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa var. AU Early Cover, HV), balansa clover [Trifolium michelianum Savi ssp. balansae (Boiss.) Ponert, BC] and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum var. Dixie, CC). Plant‐available N (NO3− and NH4+) was determined using biweekly soil inorganic N extractions and resin probes. Cover crop biomass, cover crop C/N ratio, and cover crop total N were measured prior to termination. Nitrogen was most available from AWP and HV across termination methods at 6 to 10 wk after termination. Disked HV contributed highest levels of N across all 16 cropping by termination combinations. Highest biomass N was found in HV (226 kg ha−1), followed by AWP (189 kg ha−1) and CC (181 kg ha−1). Corn yield ranged widely, from 0.23 Mg ha−1 in 0 N control to >9 Mg ha−1 in HV and AWP treatments. Cover crop species plays an important role in N dynamics, frequently influencing soil processes to a more significant degree than termination approach.
Validation of Predictive Equations of Pre‐Harvest Forage Nutritive Value for Alfalfa–Grass Mixtures
Authors: Wood Shane , Seguin Philippe , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Bélanger Gilles , Lajeunesse Julie , Martel Huguette , Berthiaume Robert , Claessens Annie
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas

Predictive equations can help producers determine when to harvest their forage fields.

Equations developed in New York State could be used to predict aNDFom, ADFom, RFV, and RFQ in Quebec.

Equations developed in New York State cannot be used to predict NDFdom in Quebec.

Predictive equations of pre‐harvest nutritive attributes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–grass mixtures using simple plant or climate data were developed in New York State for the spring growth, but they must be validated before being used outside their development area. Our objective was to validate these predictive equations for their use in Quebec, Canada. Samples (n = 679) of alfalfa–grass mixtures were collected during spring growth at three sites for 2 consecutive years and analyzed for several nutritive attributes. Alfalfa maximum height, the most mature stage of development of alfalfa, growing degree days, grass proportion, and grass maximum height were also measured and used as input in several existing predictive equations. Predicted values were then compared with laboratory‐determined values using several validation statistics. The most promising predictive equations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber concentrations, relative feed value, and relative forage quality had coefficients of determination (r2) of the linear regression between observed and predicted values between 0.74 and 0.81, and an index of agreement (d) between 0.87 and 0.93. Several equations were, however, significantly biased as indicated by slopes and intercepts of the regressions. The NDF digestibility was not predicted satisfactorily with the New York State equations. Among all equations evaluated, an equation for NDF concentration has the most potential for use to predict the spring growth pre‐harvest nutritive value of alfalfa–grass mixtures in Quebec.
Spreading degree assessment of information and communication technologies in Ukraine and its regions
Authors: Podluzhna Natalia
Published: February 2018

Achievements of economics of knowledge (EK) on regional and national level are only possible through active application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in production and commercial activity of enterprises. It is on the basis of new technologies used in business that the processes of generation, accumulation, utilization and diffusion of knowledge are accelerated among enterprise personnel and partners, additional opportunities are provided for their economic and intellectual development, and innovation prospects are opened with the development of e-strategies. The purpose of the article is to determine the tendencies concerning ICT application processes in enterprises’ production and commercial activity that favor the formation of economics of knowledge in the country and its regions. The object of the study is the activity of Ukrainian business and the processes of information and communication technologies within it. In order to achieve the stated purpose the methods of integration and grouping of statistical data, and also of generalization and logics, as well as tables and graphic materials are used in the article. Such methods allowed to identify tendencies in the processes of informatization and computer business, personnel attraction to advanced technologies, to use local and wide-scale corporative nets, to apply Internet network and social media for production purposes, to master technical skills by personnel for the sake of the opportunity to spread information and communicative technologies in all kinds of activity of enterprises. Based on the defined tendencies and peculiarities of information and communication technologies, the various measures are proposed in order to increase their application effectiveness to promote the quick formation of economics of knowledge in the country and its regions.
Factors influencing staff formation processes at industrial enterprises
Authors: Zakharova Oksana , Pridatko Ella
Published: February 2018

One of the most effective instruments for stabilizing Ukrainian national economy might become increasing the level of competitiveness and profitability of enterprises’ industrial and economic activities, especially in the industrial sector. To demonstrate a positive change, it is advisable to create conditions that could facilitate implementing advanced technologies for rational use of all types of resources at the level of an enterprise, with staff being the key resource. That is why tendencies of accumulating human capital and the prospects of its strategic development will depend on the degree of efficiency with which management organizes work on the implementation of staff formation procedures. At the same time, the effectiveness of personnel formation processes is influenced by a significant number of factors, which may be external and internal by nature, which perform transformational impact on all spheres of the enterprise’s activity, and which may bring both positive and negative consequences. At the same time, companies do not always have at their disposal effective tools for adjusting the consequences, and even less often do they have instruments to cope with these effects so as to benefit from them. Therefore, efficiency and promptness of managerial decisions on preventing negative consequences and increasing the positive impact will depend on the degree of thoroughness and aptness with which the indicated factors can be established, which would further facilitate objectivity, rationality and practical feasibility of the strategy adopted by the enterprise.
Efficacy of florfenicol and flunixin followed with vitamins E and/or C on selected oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms in young cattle under transport and adaptation stress
Authors: WERNICKI ANDRZEJ , STACHURA RAFAŁ , HOLA PIOTR , PUCHALSKI ANDRZEJ , DEC MARTA , STĘGIERSKA DIANA , ŻUREK ADAM , URBAN-CHMIEL RENATA
Published: February 2018

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cattle, due to the participation of numerous viral and bacterial etiological agents, predisposition factors, and environmental stresses, is a serious health and economic problem in herds of beef cattle. Given the broad scope of the problem of respiratory syndrome and the limited immunoprophylaxis, the aim of this study was to estimate the additive effects of flunixin with florfenicol followed with vitamin E or/and C in reducing the development of oxidative stress and inflammation in the first weeks in the feedlot. The study was conducted on young Simmental cattle (n=50) weighing approx. 160 kg. The animals were divided into 5 groups (n=10 in each group). Group I was the control. The cattle received florfenicol and flunixin in combination with vitamins E or C (Group II and III), florfenicol and flunixin followed with vitamin E and C (Group IV), or florfenicol and flunixin without vitamins (group V). Blood for sera was collected on the day the drugs were administered and on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the experiment. The level of oxidative stress was analysed on the basis of the concentration of nitrogen ions (NO) in the sera and of lipid peroxidation end products reacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). Concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) in the sera were determined using EIA enzyme immunoassays. The treatment used in the study, involving the application of florfenicol and flunixin with vitamin E or C, substantially reduced the level of oxidative stress, expressed as a reduced concentration of TBARS and NO ions, particularly in groups II and III. It was also confirmed that the treatment inhibited the concentration of acute phase proteins (Hp and SAA). .
Chinese and Greek ancient urban hydro-technologies: similarities and differences
Authors: Zheng Xiao Yun , Angelakis A. N.
Published: February 2018

The ancient civilizations of China and Greece, in the east and the west, have both subsequently deeply influenced other civilizations, regionally and across the world. Water management played a significant role in both civilizations and evidence demonstrates that many principles and technologies were generated by them, throughout both civilizations' long histories. As a result, they significantly influenced the ancient world broadly, some of which are still functioning up till this present time. This study comprises the following: methodology, hydrogeology, aqueducts and water impounds, water and wastewater mains, runoff management, agricultural irrigation, as well as the use of water for recreation purposes. Usually, urban hydro-technologies reflect a progressive situation in water management. Thus, both civilizations have also achieved urban water management. Therefore, for the purpose of understanding the role of water management in ancient civilizations and their similarities and differences beyond their geography, a comparison of urban hydro-technologies was selectively developed through the long history of the ancient Chinese and Greek civilizations, which also features the basic principle of water management in the human societies beyond these two civilizations.
BREVE IMAGINAÇÃO ANTROPOLÓGICA SOBRE ANIMAÇÃO DA ESCRITA E ANIMISMO NA CIÊNCIA ARQUEOLÓGICA
Authors: Novaes Luciana de Castro Nunes
Published: February 2018

Esse artigo pretende refletir sobre a autoridade da escrita e a presença ontológica do animismo na produção de conhecimento por meio de uma etnografia do fazer arqueológico. Para tanto o texto que segue toma como referência as discussões antropológicas sobre mundos inanimados em interface as dimensões dos humanos e não humanos na produção do conhecimento científico arqueológico. Essa reflexão sobre animação da escrita e o animismo na ciência é produto de uma pesquisa doutoral que tem por objetivo antropológico a narrativa arqueológica no estado da Bahia.
International Courts and Legalism in International Law
Authors: Wiśniewski Adam
Published: February 2018

In this article, I argue that legalism, understood as a stronger commitment of states (and other subjects) to the observance of the rules of international law, was fostered by the dynamic development of international courts and tribunals, which started in the 1990s. This contribution has manifested itself in various ways, both external and internal. The multiplication of international courts, coupled with the widespread compulsory jurisdiction, has been crucial to strengthening state commitment to adhere to their international obligations. The interpretation and application of international norms ceased to depend solely on the subjective discretion of states. Therefore, judicialisation is rightly presented as a process of taming the Leviathan and gradually subjecting it to the international rule of law. The problem of legalism in the context of international courts can, and should, also be examined in its “internal” aspect. This entails the examination of a number of issues connected with the courts’ status, competence, function, case law coherence and stability, judgment implementation, etc. Despite the problems and risks involved, the proliferation of international courts and tribunals can be perceived as one of the most important components of the dynamic transition of international law in recent decades. In this sense, one might argue that Hart was right in claiming that the functioning of courts, endowed with compulsory jurisdiction, is one of the conditions for recognising international law as genuine law. Another important effect of the judicialisation on international law is that, at the very least, certain international norms have acquired “objective” nature, detached from the will of states. This is due to the interpretation and application of these norms no longer depending solely upon the subjective discretion of states, but rather becoming subject to consideration and examination by an independent judicial body.Judicialisation is, thus, rightly presented as a process of taming the Leviathan and gradually subjecting it to the international rule of law. Beyond any doubt, this process and its consequences markedly change the face of international law. The multiplication of international courts results in expanding the judicial institutional layer, making international law less horizontal. Additionally, in consequence of growing case law, the system of international law becomes more complex, developed, and mature. The development of international law is a natural aspect of the judicial function. This is due to the fact that international norms are, in many cases, incomplete and unclear, necessitating their interpretation, adaptation, and development in particular cases.
Group-Personalized Regression Models for Predicting Mental Health Scores From Objective Mobile Phone Data Streams: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Palmius Niclas , Saunders Kate E A , Carr Oliver , Geddes John R , Goodwin Guy M , De Vos Maarten
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Objective behavioral markers of mental illness, often recorded through smartphones or wearable devices, have the potential to transform how mental health services are delivered and to help users monitor their own health. Linking objective markers to illness is commonly performed using population-level models, which assume that everyone is the same. The reality is that there are large levels of natural interindividual variability, both in terms of response to illness and in usual behavioral patterns, as well as intraindividual variability that these models do not consider.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the utility of splitting the population into subsets of individuals that exhibit similar relationships between their objective markers and their mental states. Using these subsets, “group-personalized” models can be built for individuals based on other individuals to whom they are most similar.

METHODS

We collected geolocation data from 59 participants who were part of the Automated Monitoring of Symptom Severity study at the University of Oxford. This was an observational data collection study. Participants were diagnosed with bipolar disorder (n=20); borderline personality disorder (n=17); or were healthy controls (n=22). Geolocation data were collected using a custom Android app installed on participants’ smartphones, and participants weekly reported their symptoms of depression using the 16-item quick inventory of depressive symptomatology questionnaire. Population-level models were built to estimate levels of depression using features derived from the geolocation data recorded from participants, and it was hypothesized that results could be improved by splitting individuals into subgroups with similar relationships between their behavioral features and depressive symptoms. We developed a new model using a Dirichlet process prior for splitting individuals into groups, with a Bayesian Lasso model in each group to link behavioral features with mental illness. The result is a model for each individual that incorporates information from other similar individuals to augment the limited training data available.

RESULTS

The new group-personalized regression model showed a significant improvement over population-level models in predicting mental health severity (P<.001). Analysis of subgroups showed that different groups were characterized by different features derived from raw geolocation data.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the importance of handling interindividual variability when developing models of mental illness. Population-level models do not capture nuances in how different individuals respond to illness, and the group-personalized model demonstrates a potential way to overcome these limitations when estimating mental state from objective behavioral features.
THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATE TAXPAYER IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF TAX LAW REFORM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sinaga Henry Dianto Pardamean
Published: February 2018

Abstract:The raise of tax evasion by corporation has been detrimental of state revenue, so it is required to ascertain the persona in crime and formulation of in absentia investigation of the corporate taxpayer crime in Indonesia. This legal descriptive-comparative-analytical research generates that corporate an/or human can be accounted for either jointly or individually in tax crime undertaken of the corporate taxpayer. Furthermore, in absentia investigation of the corporate taxpayer crime could be filed as long as fulfilling formil and material requisite. It is expected the affirmation of  any person definition and corporate taxpayer crime categories in the future tax reform framework.   Intisari:Maraknya penggelapan pajak oleh badan hukum sangat merugikan pendapatan negara sehingga perlu untuk mengetahui pertanggungjawaban pidana dan formulasi penyidikan in absentia pidana yang dilakukan Wajib Pajak Badan di Indonesia.  Penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif – komparatif - analitis ini menghasilkan bahwa badan hukum dan/atau manusia dapat dipertanggungjawabkan baik bersama-sama atau sendiri-sendiri dalam pidana yang dilakukan Wajib Pajak Badan.  Selain itu,  penyidikan in absentia dalam pidana Wajib Pajak Badan di Indonesia dapat diberkaskan dengan tetap memenuhi syarat formil dan materiil.  Dalam kerangka pembaharuan hukum pajak diharapkan terdapat penegasan dalam undang-undang perpajakan terhadap unsur setiap orang dan kategori pidana Wajib Pajak Badan.
Does working capital determine firm performance? An empirical research of the emerging economy
Authors: Ahamed Naseem
Published: February 2018

The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of working capital management efficiency on the financial health/well-being of a company measured in terms of firm value in the context of a rapidly emerging economy. This study applies a multivariate ordinary least square regression analysis on industry adjusted performance variable of 1532 Indian firms listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) for a period of 18 years (from 1999-2017). Not all of the 1532 firms selected for this study were listed during the whole period of study. Only 610 firms were listed at the beginning and gradually more and more companies started to get listed until eventually 922 more companies got listed to the initial tally of 610 listed firms making the total number of listed companies to be 1532 by the end of the study period. A total of 19862 firm year observations correspond to listed firms and 9246 firm year observations for unlisted firms making it a total of 29108 firm year observations. The findings of this study indicate that an efficient working capital management (proxied by Cash conversion cycle and components thereof) leads to better firm performance when adjusted for industry differences. It also shows that the relationship follows a curvilinear trajectory instead of a linear one as a change in sign in the coefficient of working capital management proxy (Cash Conversion Cycle) occurs and its square term and both are manifesting itself as significant in the listed companies. This is a co-relational study investigating the association between working capital management efficiency and firm performance. The findings of this study is based in an economy that is unique in its own right. Indian corporate landscape is replete with business groups and they dominate the market in terms of asset holding and market capitalization coupled with the existence of institutional gaps and weak legal enforcement mechanisms. All of which makes the Indian corporate landscape totally different from its more developed counterparts thus rendering the results not generalizable. The relationship between these variables should be verified in other economies taking their unique characteristics into account. This study to the best of the author’s knowledge is the first one to investigate the relationship between working capital management and firm performance on such a comprehensive dataset having 62 different industries in an emerging economy. The findings of the study are intended to be of use to financial managers, investors, financial management consultants, and other stakeholders.
Colaboração Externa no Processo de Inovação de uma Fashion Industry
Authors: Mendes Sidney Matos
Published: February 2018

Este artigo busca contribuir com os estudos de inovação aberta, inovação global e processos de desenvolvimento de produto. Foi pesquisada a colaboração de fornecedores externos sobre o processo de inovação de uma organização; o que foi entendido como uma atuação de inovação aberta. Sendo a fashion industry parte de organizações que entregam constante inovações, foi escolhida, como objeto de estudo para este artigo, uma organização internacional que tem uma subsidiária no estado de São Paulo. Foram entrevistados seis profissionais que atuavam diretamente no processo de desenvolvimento das coleções. Fazendo uso de abordagem metodológica qualitativa, com método de estudo de caso e análise de conteúdo para tratamento dos dados, constatou-se que ocorre a independência de atuação e adoção da inovação aberta entre as diferentes fases do processo de inovação.
Empoderamento e Gênero: Um Estudo com Mulheres que Ocupam Cargos de Gestão em uma Universidade Federal
Authors: Fialho Camila Borges , Da Rosa Ágata Figueiró , Gai Maria Julia Pegoraro , Paz Andrielle de Fátima Nunes
Published: February 2018

O empoderamento consiste basicamente em autonomia, como se fosse uma máquina pela qual as organizações ou até mesmo as pessoas tomam controle dos seus assuntos, destino, competências e habilidades. Tendo em vista o histórico de desigualdades entre mulheres e homens, este estudo objetivou analisar as relações de empoderamento de mulheres que ocupam cargos de gestão em uma universidade federal. Para tanto, optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa com entrevistas com duas Pró-Reitoras. Os resultados indicam que essas gestoras se sentem empoderadas – embora, em um quadro de nove pró-reitorias, apenas quatro serem mulheres –, elas são livres para sugerir ideias aos superiores, estão seguras no cargo que exercem e acreditam que ter liderança e mostrar segurança é necessário para um bom funcionamento da equipe.
Negotiating second chance schooling in neoliberal times: Teacher work for schooling justice
Authors: Bills Andrew , Cook Jennifer , Giles David
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon our work as two insider teacher researchers using action research methodology with teacher colleagues, marginalised young people and community stakeholders to develop a sustainable and socially just senior secondary ‘second chance’ school for young people who had left schooling without credentials. Twelve years after our beginning developmental work, the Second Chance Community College (SCCC) continues with over 100 students enrolled in 2015. It has catered for over 1000 students since its development. Through pursuing critical forms of action research, enriched through active participation within a university led professional learning community, we became ‘radical pragmatic’ educators. This called us into collaborative, tactical and critical teacher work to navigate through constraining neoliberal logic with students and colleagues, reassembling our professional selves and radically changing the SCCC design from the design logics of conventional secondary schools. The research demonstrated that teachers can build a socially just school for marginalised young people and as a consequence make a significant difference to the lives of young people no longer involved in schooling.
Biculturalism in education: Haere whakamua, hoki whakamuri/Going forward, thinking back
Authors: Lourie Megan
Published: February 2018

While references to the Treaty of Waitangi and/or biculturalism are an accepted part of the New Zealand education policy landscape, there is often a lack of consensus around the meaning, and therefore the practice implications, of the term ‘biculturalism’. This difficulty can be explained by viewing biculturalism as an ideology that has continued to evolve since its emergence in the 1980s. In policy texts older understandings of the term are overlaid with more recent understandings and can contribute to uncertainty about what the term means to teachers in 2015. This is particularly challenging for teachers and school leaders as they attempt to negotiate the requirements of the Practising Teacher Criteria. This suggests that there is a need to continue engaging in discussion about the meaning of biculturalism in education in the present, looking forward, but informed by the past.
Practice Makes Imperfect
Authors: Peters Michael
Published: February 2018

A personal reflection on practitioner reflection.
Using Discovery Learning Pedagogies
Authors: Orr Christine
Published: February 2018

This inquiry explored the use of discovery pedagogies inspired by the Reggio Emilia philosophy to evaluate their ability to develop science capabilities in new entrant and year one students, and the influence of these pedagogies on the engagement of priority learners. The study followed the teaching as inquiry model. The chosen intervention for this inquiry was allocation for Discovery Time which involved the implementation of a 15-20 minute session with the whole class using the ‘I see, I think, I wonder’ technique, and specific teacher questioning to encourage students to make careful observations and thoughtful interpretations and stimulate curiosity to set the stage for inquiry. It was found that for this procedure to develop student’s science capabilities, their questions and inquiries of interest needed to be taken into a deeper context of learning beyond the Discovery Time intervention if students were to fully engage with science and the science capabilities. The research found that discovery learning pedagogies complement the development of science capabilities in new entrant and year one students, and have a positive corresponding impact on the behavioural, emotional and cognitive engagement of priority learners.
Which Grammatical Errors Do First-Year University Students Make and Do Those Errors Matter? A Focusing Inquiry
Authors: Cop Michael , Hatfield Hunter
Published: February 2018

Students in Health Sciences First Year (a gateway to health professional programmes) at the University of Otago sit an English diagnostic test before they begin their first semester. This test determines which students will need extra English tuition. We initiated a focusing inquiry with the 2014-2015 data from these tests to form relevant learning outcomes for students and to discover information that might be relevant to secondary schools throughout New Zealand. Our focusing inquiry revealed that many of our first-year students could benefit from further grammatical and test-taking tuition—not only because of linguistic and test-taking deficits, but also because the data demonstrate a relationship between successful placement in health professional programmes and grammatical competency. That is, our data show that students who make an error in any of the grammatical categories that we tested are less likely to get an offer of place in the Health Sciences professional programmes at the end of their first year.
Secondary student teachers' personal values and perceptions of Teaching as Inquiry
Authors: Vermunt Jenny
Published: February 2018

This ongoing Doctor of Education study explores the personal and professional values of a sample of four secondary student teachers in the Masters of Teaching and Learning degree at the University of Otago, New Zealand. The study aims to understand student teachers’ personal and professional values when learning to teach, and provides insights into their thinking and practices in relation to Teaching as Inquiry. The study is framed by the interpretive paradigm, uses social constructivist theory and case study methodology. Data are gathered through individual semi-structured interviews and journal writing, and are analysed using the constant comparative method.

Findings show that student teachers in the sample vary in their motivation and capacity to implement Teaching as Inquiry, since they are influenced by uniquely converging priorities, processes, and practices encountered in their university and school contexts. However, their core personal values guide the sense they make of Teaching as Inquiry, and the extent to which it is an individual professional priority or not. For some, Teaching as Inquiry is a university assignment to be completed by stitching together classroom events. For others, Teaching as Inquiry makes professional sense, and despite contextual challenges, it underpins their teacher identity and practice.
Navigating the tides of globalisation and neoliberalism: Possibilities for transformation and democracy in 21st century tertiary education.
Authors: Brian Terri
Published: February 2018

Over the past few decades, the world has experienced a period of major social, economic and political change. Globalisation has placed increasing pressure on our work, families and communities and is continuously transforming the way we live in the 21st century. Internationally, despite renewed and intensified calls for freedom and equality, social and economic inequities continue to increase.  In Aotearoa, New Zealand, these forces have had a large impact on our society, our economy and on our tertiary education system. In an uncertain, 21stcentury world, it is our responsibility as educators to prepare learners for participation in the free market economy. It is also necessary however, to encourage the skills and attributes that will ensure a sustainable and democractic future. To achieve and balance these ideals, requires the creation of humanistic learning environments that promote a culture of self-awareness and critical reflection. This article suggests that, by resisting and reshaping the constraints of the current tertiary education system, it is possible to nurture principles of social equity and justice and to encourage self-determination,  transformation and personal freedom.
Early Childhood Education and Biculturalism: Definitions and Implications
Authors: Jenkin Chris Joyce
Published: February 2018

My doctoral research concerned implementing bicultural curriculum in mainstream early childhood centres in Aotearoa New Zealand. While I explored these ideas from an appreciative inquiry standpoint, some troubling aspects related to the notion of biculturalism occurred. In this article, definitions of biculturalism are examined, as is the relationship between bilingualism and biculturalism, as well as the growing move to replace power sharing implied by biculturalism, with multiculturalism.  In addition to perusing the literature, data were collected through a survey of 76 early childhood respondents, in 2003.  Generally, respondents had a positive definition of biculturalism.  However, when considering whether bicultural practices were a positive expression or not academic literature was divided.  What was interesting in Aotearoa New Zealand was overall those promoting biculturalism were Pākehā and those opposed were Māori.  One conclusion I draw is that the term Tiriti-based better captures the intention of partnership than biculturalism.
Challenging constraints or constraining challenges: Preservice primary music education across the Tasman
Authors: Trinick Robyn Margaret , Joseph Dawn
Published: February 2018

Tertiary music educators are faced with challenges associated with the enactment of curricula in pre-service education courses within time constraints.  As a result, considered choices need to be made regarding content and pedagogical approaches based on what they deem to be valuable, memorable and transferrable. Using narrative methodology, two tertiary educators across the Tasman share their views about what they prioritise in their music education courses and how these choices are informed.  Both authors face similar challenges, and share the view that the teaching of music goes far beyond entertainment.  They uphold that music education provides a rich context to develop not only knowledge, skills and understandings about music itself, but also to address social, cultural, linguistic, cognitive and affective domains of learning, to name a few.  This article looks at some of the ways the authors effectively support beginner teachers to address the music components of their respective national curriculum statements.  While constraints of time in teacher education programmes is not a new phenomenon, the intention of this article is to highlight the benefits of music education, and encourage other educators to critically reflect on choices made in their own teaching contexts under challenging constraints.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF BASIC FINITE ELEMENTS IN THE FINITE-ELEMENTARY THEORY OF PORT LIFTING STRUCTURES
Authors: Panasenko Nikolay Nikitovich , Sinelshchikov Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: February 2018

The problem of computational analysis of the seismic safety of lifting cranes specified by the regulatory systems (FPP "Safety Rules for dangerous production facilities using Lifting mechanisms" for standard industrial application cranes; Regulation 31.1.02-2004 "Technical operation rules for carrying and lifting equipment in the sea merchant harbors" for harbor cranes; Code of Design-031-01 "Codes of Design of antiseismic atomic power stations" and Code of Design-043-11 "Rules of Design and safe operating hoisting cranes for objects of use of atomic energy" for cranes used at the nuclear facilities) is currently under discussion, despite the emphasis on the part of scientific community. All this has led to carrying out the research which presented a vision of the problems of designing cranes in earthquake-proof design as a finite element theory of structures, and on the basis of methods of the theory of seismic stability of structures - the linear spectral method, according to the Code 14.13330.2014 "Building in earthquake areas" and the method of dynamic analysis, according to Guidelines 1.5.2.05.999.0025-2011 "Calculation and design of earthquake resistant nuclear power plants". The article highlights the trend of recent years of the increasing complexity of calculated finite element models of structures, often combining both finite element models of buildings and supporting structures, and cranes. A computational analysis of such constructions leads to a combination in the design model of finite elements of different dimensions. The article points out that both the choice of the type of finite elements and the way they are connected together within the framework of one calculation model directly affect the reliability of the results obtained. Based on the practical experience of computational analysis of complex spatial engineering structures, the article proposes stiffness and mass matrices for one-, two- and three-dimensional basic finite elements for calculating port lifting structures.
MEASURING TEMPERATURE OF THE MEDIUM OF SHIP COMPRESSOR PIPING USING TEMPERATURE OF THE OUTER WALL
Authors: Semenov Alexander Evgenyevich , Putilin Sergey Anatolyevich
Published: February 2018

To determine the temperature of the medium in the ship's piping systems there are used readings of contact thermometers, pyrometers and thermal scans which measure the temperature of the pipeline rather accurately. Aside from corrections for accuracy of the measurement of the wall temperature, it is necessary to move towards measuring temperature of the medium. Readings of the temperature of the pipeline wall differ from the readings of the medium temperature inside the pipeline, so it is necessary to calculate and find the temperature of the medium in the pipeline. After solving a system of equations describing the phenomenon of heat transfer through the cylindrical surface, there has been worked out the technique of measuring temperature of the pipeline medium, according to the measured temperature of the pipe wall. The conditions of heat transfer can vary for different pipelines and media. The paper gives calculated temperature corrections for different operating conditions of the pipeline. To carry out calculations, a computer program has been written in the Mathcad mathematical package. Temperature corrections have been calculated to determine the medium temperature inside the pipeline using the temperature value of the outer wall of the pipeline. There has been carried out analysis of various factors affecting temperature changes: heat transfer to the air, heat transfer of medium inside the pipeline, wall thickness and contamination. Verification of theoretical data has been made on a ship of the compressor unit. The experiment confirmed the possibility of measuring temperature of the medium inside the pipeline, according to the temperature of pipeline surface using the developed corrections. Devices measuring the temperature of the pipeline walls can be used as additional measurement to enhance informativeness of testing results, analysis of operating modes, and improve the operation reliability of ship piping systems
Revisiting Mediation in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
Authors: Figueredo Aurelio José , Garcia Rafael Antonio , Cabeza de Baca Tomás , Gable Jonathon Colby , Weise Dave
Published: February 2018

The process of mediation is of critical importance to the social and behavioral sciences and to evolutionary social psychology in particular. As with the concept of evolutionary adaptation, however, one can argue that causal mediation is in need of explicit theoretical justification and empirical support. Mainstream evolutionary social psychology proposes, for example, that organisms are “adaptation executers”, and not “fitness maximizers”. The execution of adaptations is triggered by fitness-relevant ecological contingencies at both ultimate and proximate levels of analysis. This logic is essentially equivalent to what methodologists refer to as the process of mediation; the adaptations to be executed (or not, depending upon the prevailing environmental circumstances) causally mediate the effects of the ecological contingencies upon the fitness outcomes. Thus, the process of mediation can be generally conceptualized as a causal chain of events leading to a given outcome or set of outcomes. If a predictor variable operates through an intervening variable to affect a criterion variable, then mediation is said to exist. Nevertheless, it does not appear that some psychologists (particularly evolutionary-social psychologists) are sufficiently well-versed in the fundamental logic and quantitative methodology of establishing causal mediation to support such claims. In the current paper, we set out to review the ways researchers support their use of mediation statements and also propose critical considerations on this front. We start with more conventional methods for testing mediation, discuss variants of the conventional approach, discuss the limitations of such methods as we see them, and end with our preferred mediation approach. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v04i1_figueredo3
Reproductive Strategy and Sexual Conflict Slow Life History Strategy Inihibts Negative Androcentrism
Authors: Gladden Paul R. , Figueredo Aurelio José , Andrejzak D. J. , Jones Dan Nelson , Smith-Castro Vanessa
Published: February 2018

Recent findings indicate that a slow Life History (LH) strategy factor is associated with increased levels of Executive Functioning (EF), increased emotional intelligence, decreased levels of sexually coercive behaviors, and decreased levels of negative ethnocentrism. Based on these findings, as well as the generative theory, we predicted that slow LH strategy should inhibit negative androcentrism (bias against women). A sample of undergraduates responded to a battery of questionnaires measuring various facets of their LH Strategy, (e.g., sociosexual orientation, mating effort, mate-value, psychopathy, executive functioning, and emotional intelligence) and various convergent measures of Negative Androcentrism. A structural model that the data fit well indicated a latent protective LH strategy trait predicted decreased negative androcentrism. This trait fully mediated the relationship between participant biological sex and androcentrism. We suggest that slow LH strategy may inhibit negative attitudes toward women because of relatively decreased intrasexual competition and intersexual conflict among slow LH strategists. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v4i1_gladden
Measuring Perceived Anonymity: The Development of a Context Independent Instrument
Authors: Hite Dwight M. , Voelker Troy , Robertson Adrian
Published: February 2018

In order to assess relationships between perceptions of anonymity and behaviors, a context independent instrument is required for measuring the perceptions of anonymity held by individuals.  To date, no such measurement instrument exists that has been shown to be reliable and valid.  The authors employ a rigorous design methodology to develop, test, and substantiate a reliable and valid instrument for measuring perceptions of anonymity across different contexts. The PA measure presented is a five item Likert scale designed to measure perceptions of anonymity across multiple contexts. Results from two separate EFA pilot tests (n=61 and n=60), a test-retest, and a CFA final test (n=292) indicate that the PA measure has good internal consistency reliability (a=.82), test-retest reliability, factorial validity, and a single factor structure. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v5i1_hite
A Field Experiment to Test the Labor Market Value of a Credential from a For-Profit Postsecondary School
Authors: Arcand Carolyn
Published: February 2018

The attainment of postsecondary credentials holds particular promise in improving economic security for low-income single mothers. However, the type of school attended may matter when determining whether postsecondary credentials will foster positive labor market outcomes and financial stability for former students. This paper describes the pre-test of a field experiment to examine whether the school type listed on a job applicant’s resume has an impact on receiving a call for a job interview, in fields commonly pursued by low-income women. School types tested were for-profit schools and community colleges. Results revealed little difference in outcomes for job seekers with credentials from each school type. However, more reliable results could be obtained by repeating this study in a stronger economy, using job candidates with minimal applicable experience, applying to a greater number of positions, and selecting occupations for which an academic credential is widely seen as a prerequisite for entry.DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v5i1_arcand
Enhancing the Teaching of Statistics by Use of the Full GLM
Authors: Gorsuch Richard L
Published: February 2018

Increased elegance in math and science is by the use of more comprehensive, easier to understand, and easier to use models. Increasing elegance allows courses to cover more material in greater depth. While the GLM is more elegant than the traditional ANOVA / Regression models, it has in practice been just one more topic added to already filled statistics courses and has had little impact on day-to-day statistical analyses. Introduced in the 1960s - 1970s, its impact has been delayed because it has been necessary to produce a new generation that knew the GLM but could also converse with the pre-1970 generation. When considering a possibly more elegant model, the "full" GLM includes not only GLM -- and therefore ANOVA and regression -- but also chi square contingency table analyses as well as multivariate analyses, and uses the F as the hypothesized variance divided by the error variance in all cases.  Given advancing technology, the computations are now readily done and typically easier than the traditional ANOVA/Regression programs, allowing more focus on issues ranging from how the information is encapsulated so as to best test the hypotheses (by logs, logits, interactions, polynomials, repeated measures as slope or covariates, etc.) to meta-science and the principles of meta-analysis needed to use research literature. And, as expected, the more elegant full GLM means explicitly GLM software can be easier to learn and use.DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v6i2_gorsuch
Measures of domain-specific resource allocations in life history strategy: Indicators of a latent common factor or ordered developmental sequence?
Authors: Garcia Rafael Antonio , Cabeza de Baca Tomas , Black Candace Jasmine , Sotomayor-Peterson Marcela , Smith-Castro Vanessa , Figueredo Aurelio José
Published: February 2018

The psychometric trait approach to human life history, based on common factor modeling, has recently come under some criticism for neglecting to inquire into the developmental progression that orients and executes human life history trajectories (Copping, Campbell, & Muncer, 2014).  It was asserted that the psychometric approach wholly focuses on creating a higher-order latent factor of life history by subsuming individual differences with developmental and social experiences, ignoring ontogenetic progression. Implicit in the critique is the assumption that developmental perspectives and latent approaches are mutually exclusive and incompatible with each other. The response to this critique by Figueredo and colleagues (2015) proposed instead that developmental perspectives and latent trait approaches are both compatible and necessary to further research on human life history strategies. The current paper uses three independent cross-sectional samples to examine whether models of human life history are best informed by a developmental perspective, psychometric trait approach, or both.