bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The organization of distance education in during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ospanova Bakhytzhan Ospanova , Aubakirova Rakhila Zh , Kuanysheva Bakyt T. , Kabzhanova Gulbanu A , Anatolyevna Taskina Irina , Tabakaev Yuri Vasilievich
Published: May 2022

The pandemic has made adjustments to the process of organizing teaching, and ways of organizing pedagogical interaction. In the distance educational process, an increasing place is taken by the organization of interactive communication between teachers and students.  The purpose of this research is to study the features of the organization of distance education (using the example of teaching English) in the context of the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred and twelve undergraduates studying at Toraighyrov University filled out the questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of undergraduates believe that the existing instructions and the educational resources provided do not help or do not help enough to develop professional competencies. The majority of respondents indicated that they do not use or do not use enough smart-resources appropriate to their level of preparedness to improve the quality of education in the context of distance learning. These studies can be useful for adjusting educational programs for bachelor's and master's degrees to better meet the needs of students.
Keywords: COVID-19; distance education; foreign language; online learning; media competence; smart resources.
Effectiveness of virtual psychological counseling programs during the (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Aldhmour Kamal , Almasarweh Sulaiman , Abdelaty Sabrin Abdelaty Labib Abdelaty , Younis Nashwa A. , Al-Qaralleh Osaima Sabri , EL-Bashabsheh Rana Ibrahim
Published: May 2022

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of a virtual psychological counseling program to activate psychological immunity during the Coronavirus pandemic among students of Mutah University in Jordan. The program was implemented during the second semester of 2019-2020 on a sample of 30 students over 6 weeks period. The results indicated a presence of statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups on the psychological immunity scale after applying the virtual psychological counseling program in favor of the experimental group and between the mean scores of the experimental group before and after the implementation of the counseling program in favor of the post-measurement, the results showed that the members of the experimental group retained the effect after the follow-up measurement after 30 days from the end of the program of the psychological immunity program.

 

Keywords: Virtual Counseling Program; Psychological immunity and Coronavirus pandemic.
Obstacles of teaching distance universities courses in light of E-learning quality standards
Authors: Alnasraween Moen Salman
Published: May 2022

The current study aimed to identify the obstacles of teaching courses during distance learning in light of e-learning quality standards. A survey consisting of 21 items was gathered from 146 faculty staff members during the first semester of the academic year (2021–2022). To achieve the objectives of this study, a questionnaire was used after verifying its psychometric properties. The results of the study revealed a moderate level of obstacles to teaching courses in distance education. Moreover, the study findings showed that the most prominent obstacles that face teaching distance courses are that online-tests are not fair in evaluating students, and the absence of direct communication with students affects negatively their understanding of the educational material. The research recommends that distance teaching should be addressed by providing adequate training for faculty members and using computer software such as presentations and interactive applications to eliminate boredom and increase students' interaction.
Keywords: Obstacles, Distance Education, universities, e-learning, quality standards.
Inclusive MOOC – educational content for deaf people, a Portuguese proof of concept
Authors: Escudeiro Paula , Galasso Bruno , Teixeira Dirceu , Gouveia Márcia Campos , Escudeiro Nuno
Published: May 2022

The communication gap between deaf and non-deaf communities arises due to the use of distinct mother languages. A deaf student, who used to communicate in sign language, cannot read fluently materials written in spoken language. This fact causes serious difficulties to deaf students since most didactic materials in higher education are available exclusively in spoken languages. In this paper, we propose a pedagogical model to deliver educational materials in sign language aiming to provide deaf students the same conditions to succeed as the others, i.e., didactical materials available in one’s mother language. Our approach involves the integration of automatic translation technology between spoken and sign language pairs into MOOCs. As a proof of concept, we used this methodology to design a course addressing digital literacy for schoolteachers. The evaluation of the inclusive MOOC and its underlying model reveals its potential, even though further improvements are required, especially regarding evaluation and usability features.

 

Keywords: educational content; inclusive MOOC, pedagogical model; assistive technology; automatic translator.
Cervical Cancer Risk and Prevention Practices Among Sexual Minority Women with Criminal-Legal System Involvement
Authors: Mansour Yasmeen , Emerson Amanda , Lipnicky Ashlyn , Lorvick Jennifer , Comfort Megan , Chana Sofia Mildrum , Ramaswamy Megha
Published: May 2022

Women with criminal-legal system involvement bear a disproportionate burden of cervical cancer, indeed 4–5 times more than women without criminal-legal system involvement. While we also know that sexual minority identification (lesbian/gay, queer, bisexual, or not straight) is more common among women with criminal-legal system involvement, we lack understanding of the cervical cancer risk and prevention practices of this group of women. In 2019–2020, we used surveys to investigate cervical cancer risk and prevention practices among 510 women with criminal-legal system involvement in Kansas City (KS and MO), Oakland (CA), and Birmingham (AL). In a secondary data analysis, we compared sexual minority women (SMW defined as women who identified as lesbian/gay, bisexual, or other—19% of the sample, to women who identified as heterosexual or straight—81% of sample). SMW were less likely to have ever gotten a cervical cancer screening test, compared to straight women. Having a provider whom women felt they could rely on was associated with having an up-to-date cervical cancer screening test among SMW. SMW with criminal-legal system involvement are missing out on necessary cancer screenings. Further study to understand why and interventions to ensure this group receives preventive care are needed to prevent cervical cancer and reduce disparities.
Representaciones sociales de directivos docentes respecto a educación rural
Authors: Gómez Melo Danilo Andrés , Gómez Viasus Johana Lorena
Published: May 2022

El artículo de investigación analiza las Representaciones Sociales de directivos docentes respecto a la educación rural. En el estudio participaron cinco rectores que laboran en instituciones educativas de carácter público de los municipios de Socha y Socotá, Boyacá. La investigación cualitativa de tipo hermenéutico adopta el enfoque procesual propio de la teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, como una forma de lectura y comprensión de la información. El análisis develó las Representaciones Sociales sobre la educación rural que, de acuerdo con el escenario de enunciación, adquirieron significado en las categorías: acceso y accesibilidad, mirada colonizadora, cotidianidad y posibilidades de la educación rural, como fuente de conocimiento de la realidad educativa. Todo ello definido desde la visión de directivos docentes.
Functional Disorders in Neurology and Gastroenterology: Notes on Terminology, Classification and Stigma
Authors: Teodoro Tomás , Oliveira Renato
Published: May 2022

N/a.
Case-based complexity: within-case time variation and temporal casing
Authors: Gerrits Lasse , Chang Robin A. , Pagliarin Sofia
Published: May 2022

We observe that time is central to most social dynamics and yet remains poorly understood. The complexity sciences have contributed a wide range of concepts and tools to investigate and recast time in social systems. However, the dominant focus on quantitative models and quantification of data in the complexity sciences also prohibits a deeper understanding of time. As such, there is a need to fuse alternative notions of time with how it is commonly understood and measured in the complexity sciences. To this end, we juxtapose diverse notions of time from the social sciences and comment upon how this contrasts with notions in the complexity sciences. We will demonstrate how (qualitative) temporal casing can more appropriately capture social and causal complexity through within-case time variation. We use examples from research into megaprojects to demonstrate how temporal casing plays out in empirical analysis.
Shapeshifting to address complexity: Advancing a typology of network evolution and transformation
Authors: Albrecht Kate
Published: May 2022

In practice, health and social services are delivered through purpose-oriented networks (PONs) that are often favored by government and philanthropic investment as an effective means for collectively solving complex social problems. Current theories examine the evolution of these groups by resting on the traditional organizational forms of market, hierarchy, and network, without a consideration of trajectories that show movement between organizational forms over time. This article utilizes the network itself as the unit of analysis within a larger network domain to examine the most common trajectories and changes in organizational forms over time. To date, little theory has been developed or applied to account for both endogenous characteristics and exogenous system-wide dynamics and their longitudinal effects on networks. As is appropriate in the early stages of developing new theories, this article addresses the foundational steps of first clarifying the phenomenon of interest with the creation of a typology of the ways in which networks evolve as organizational forms and suggesting future network-level and network domain research agendas.
Crítica à formação de competências socioemocionais na escola
Authors: Silva Márcio Magalhães da
Published: May 2022

A formação de competências socioemocionais na escola tem sido apontada como uma necessidade premente para garantir o sucesso individual de crianças e adolescentes. Quem defende essas ideias considera que a escola, desde o seu surgimento, tem se preocupado apenas com o desenvolvimento intelectual de alunas e alunos, sem se importar com o seu desenvolvimento afetivo-emocional, causando prejuízos a todas e todos. Assim, este artigo apresenta uma análise de algumas propostas de formação de competências socioemocionais na escola produzidas pelo Instituto Ayrton Senna, BID, OCDE e presentes na reforma do ensino médio e na BNCC. Foram selecionadas nessas propostas algumas informações organizadas em categorias pré-definidas, de acordo com o referencial teórico adotado, a psicologia histórico-cultural e a pedagogia histórico-crítica. Como resultado, constata-se a artificialidade da cisão estabelecida entre as funções cognitivas e afetivas do psiquismo humano que se expressa na dicotomia entre competências cognitivas e socioemocionais, e que a formação de competências socioemocionais é apresentada como solução para os problemas decorrentes da alienação inerente à sociedade capitalista, contribuindo, porém, tão somente para o aprofundamento dessa alienação e a manutenção das relações de dominação vigentes.
Relações seres humanos/natureza e saberes do trabalho associado
Authors: Fischer Maria Clara Bueno , Cordeiro Betânia , Tiriba Lia
Published: May 2022

Partimos da premissa marxiana do princípio educativo do trabalho, ou seja, de que nas relações que estabelecemos com a natureza, mediadas pelo trabalho, transformamos a nós mesmo como parte integrante da natureza. Produzimos cultura e, portanto saberes. Neste artigo, revisitamos e problematizamos procedimentos teórico-metodológicos utilizados em nossas pesquisas sobre saberes que emergem de práticas econômico-culturais de mulheres e homens que vivem e trabalham de forma associada no campo. Trata-se de pesquisas que tiveram como objeto de estudo comunidades tradicionais e uma rede de economia solidária nacional que articula trabalhadores(as) do campo e da cidade. Como resultado, sistematizamos premissas político-epistemológicas para apreensão e análise de saberes do trabalho associado, entendidos como saberes caracterizados por uma forte relação seres humanos/natureza e que são produzidos por trabalhadores(as) nos processos de trabalho marcados pela apropriação coletiva dos meios de produção, pela apropriação igualitária dos frutos do trabalho e pela gestão democrática das decisões quanto à utilização dos excedentes e aos rumos da produção.
Ensino de história na formação das crianças dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Assis Gabriela Aparecida de , Ruckstadter Vanessa Campos Mariano , Noda Marisa
Published: May 2022

Este artigo apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa de mestrado que teve como objetivo apresentar as possibilidades do ensino de História para crianças dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental a partir da perspectiva da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica. (PHC). A metodologia adotada para esta pesquisa foi a própria PHC, teoria da educação elaborada por Dermeval Saviani no final dos anos de 1970, que se fundamenta no materialismo histórico-dialético e visa, através da apropriação do conhecimento historicamente acumulado e sistematizado pelos homens e mulheres a partir da prática social, a emancipação dos indivíduos. Para que haja essa relação com o ensino de História, é preciso considerar que ainda são muitos os desafios que perpassam esse ensino nos Anos Iniciais. O recorte deste artigo aborda justamente esses desafios e a importância do ensino de História já nos primeiros anos de escolarização. Concluiu-se que o ensino de História em uma perspectiva crítica possibilita o fortalecimento da noção de pertencimento e coletividade para a construção de uma sociedade democrática. Ensinar História para crianças tornou-se uma necessidade, mais do que um conteúdo a mais no currículo, pois essa disciplina prepara as crianças para agirem em sociedade como sujeitos, estimula a pensar a realidade de forma autônoma e crítica, ativa a reflexão e a ação sobre a prática social de forma sistematizada e consciente.
Characteristics of leukemic stem cells in acute leukemia and potential targeted therapies for their specific eradication
Authors: Hansen Quinty , Bachas Costa , Smit Linda , Cloos Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a small cell population that contains stem cell features such as lack of differentiation, self-renewal potential, and drug resistance, can be identified. These so-called leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are thought to be responsible for relapse initiation after initial treatment leading to successful eradication of the bulk AML cell population. Since many studies have aimed to characterize and eliminate LSCs to prevent relapse and increase survival rates of patients, LSCs are one of the best characterized cancer stem cells. The specific elimination of LSCs, while sparing the healthy normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), is one of the major challenges in the treatment of leukemia. This review focuses on several surface markers and intracellular transcription factors that can distinguish AML LSCs from HSCs and, therefore, specifically eliminate these stem cell-like leukemic cells. Moreover, previous and ongoing clinical trials of acute leukemia patients treated with therapies targeting these markers are discussed. In contrast to knowledge on LSCs in AML, insight into LSCs in acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is limited. This review therefore also addresses the latest insight into LSCs in ALL.
DNA damage and metabolic mechanisms of cancer drug resistance
Authors: Tiek Deanna , Cheng Shi-Yuan
Published: May 2022

Cancer drug resistance is one of the main barriers to overcome to ensure durable treatment responses. While many pivotal advances have been made in first combination therapies, then targeted therapies, and now broadening out to immunomodulatory drugs or metabolic targeting compounds, drug resistance is still ultimately universally fatal. In this brief review, we will discuss different strategies that have been used to fight drug resistance from synthetic lethality to tumor microenvironment modulation, focusing on the DNA damage response and tumor metabolism both within tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment. In this way, with a better understanding of both targetable mutations in combination with the metabolism, smarter drugs may be designed to combat cancer drug resistance.
Analysis of the spatial skills of the degree student in engineering: A gender approach
Authors: Recalde Irantzu , Ferrández Daniel , Yedra Engerst , Zaragoza Alicia
Published: May 2022

The objective of this work is to carry out an approach to the study of spatial skills by gender in engineering students. For this, the analysis of a test consisting of 12 questions was carried out on a sample of 220 students from the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, of which 134 were male and 81 were female. The study evaluated three different types of spatial skills such as relation, rotation, and visualization. From the analysis of the results obtained in the sample, it appears that in engineering degree courses the difference between men and women in terms of spatial ability is not significant, with other variables such as the university degree carried out by the sample showing a greater statistical association.
Teaching Building Structures Graphical Methods with GeoGebra
Authors: Orta Belén , Martínez-Gaya José E. , Calle Alejandro , Olmedo Carlos
Published: May 2022

Graphic methods can be used when teaching Building Structures to solve some problems such as analysis of cables and arches through funiculars tracing; analysis of trusses with the Cremona method; graphically obtaining the lateral earth pressure of the ground on a wall and many other problems. This article presents some tools to solve these problems using GeoGebra, a free interactive mathematical software for education created by Markus Hohenwarter. The usefulness of Geogebra in teaching Building Structures will be presented through specifically created resources. These are new resources with approaches and utilities that commercial software does not have either. For each problem studied, the theory on which it is based is shown, the general description of the parameters used in Geogebra, and the application that has been created. In addition, the learning objectives to be achieved and the results docents will be shown
Tips for teaching online as covid 19 took hold
Authors: Sanjuán Miguel Ángel , Arguiz Cristina
Published: May 2022

Spanish Cabinet declared on Saturday 14th of March 2020, state of alarm in Span to slow coronavirus COVID-19 spread and the universities were closed. Later, lecturers were forced to turn to remote teaching in a short period of time. The transition required time and patience to learn the technology, i. e. Microsoft Teams, and identify the best teaching tactics for our chemistry and construction materials. Every day, we gave lecture with new contents and exercises by using Microsoft Teams. In our opinion, there is an essential tip: seek continuous feedback from students. Students need questions to know what they have learnt. In addition, we asked for feedback to improve the class and to make sure they understood the knowledge base. We should have into account that the biggest risk is that we could become a talking instrument teaching concepts that students are not following. In this case, students give up.
Venezuela: Construction problems and sustainable construction. Collecting data to put the puzzle together. Part 1
Authors: Pietrosemoli-de-Dikdan Licia , Rodríguez-Monroy Carlos , Núñez-Guerrero Yilsy
Published: May 2022

The Venezuelan construction sector faces complex problems from multidisciplinary causes. The severe consequences keep the country far from the sustainable development goals established by the UN by 2030. With the certainty that education is fundamental to finding long-lasting global solutions and the aim to address Venezuela into the sustainable path progressively, the article adds new data about the main problems that confront the construction sector and the fundaments of sustainable construction education performed in Venezuela. With the participation of some construction stakeholders and public data, the authors try to progressively assemble the puzzle of the Venezuelan case in an attempt to help to develop a consciousness about the importance of improving education, with an emphasis on construction, incorporating sustainability concepts from the basic processes to be able to identify opportunities, risks and to be resilient, evolve and succeed in the current changing and unpredictable world.
Paleomagnetic-Radiometric Mapping of the Transition Zone from Ocean to the Continent: A Review
Authors: Eppelbaum Lev V. , Katz Youri I.
Published: May 2022

The easternmost Mediterranean is a distinct transition zone from the ocean to the continent located at the junction between the largest Earth's lithospheric segments: Eurasian and African. The methodology of paleomagnetic mapping of such transition zones is based on integrating the mapping techniques for both continental and oceanic platforms: paleomagnetic reconstructions, results of radiometric dating of magnetized rocks, tectonic-structural reconstructions, biogeography, and utilization of the results of various geophysical surveys. The geodynamic-paleomagnetic mapping makes it possible to reveal the multilevel structural heterogeneity and display complex elements of the geodynamics of different ages inherent in this transition zone. Northern Israel is obviously the most complex area in the easternmost Mediterranean. For the combined paleomagnetic mapping, well-studied paleomagnetically and radiometrically areas were selected: (1) the Carmel area, (2) the Atlit area (internal part of the Carmel area), (3) the Sea of Galilee with the adjoining zones (primarily, the Kinnarot Valley), and (4) the area of the Hula Basin with adjacent areas of the Golan Plateau, Hermon Mt., and Galilea uplift. The constructed paleomagnetic profiles for the Carmel area (on the top of the accumulative surface of the Lower Cretaceous traps), and the Kinnarot Valley – Sea of Galilee – Hula Basin, evidently indicate the complex history of the paleogeodynamic evolution of the region. These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of paleomagnetic mapping integrated with paleomagnetic profiling, crossing these geologically complex areas.
Flexible Multiplane Structured Illumination Microscope With a Four-Camera Detector
Authors: Johnson Karl A , Noble Daniel , Machado Rosa , Hagen Guy M.
Published: May 2022

Fluorescence microscopy provides an unparalleled tool for imaging biological samples. However, producing high-quality volumetric images quickly and without excessive complexity remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a simple multi-camera structured illumination microscope (SIM) capable of simultaneously imaging multiple focal planes, allowing for the capture of 3D fluorescent images without any axial movement of the sample. This simple setup allows for the acquisition of many different 3D imaging modes, including 3D time lapses, high-axial-resolution 3D images, and large 3D mosaics.
On Sound Scattering and Acoustic Properties of the Upper Layer of the Sea With Bubble Clouds
Authors: Bulanov Vladimir A. , Bugaeva Lubov K. , Storozhenko Andrey V.
Published: May 2022

The presence of bubbles near the sea surface under certain conditions leads to abnormal sound scattering and a significant change in the acoustic properties of the upper layer of the sea. The article presents some results of sound scattering studies under various sea conditions, up to stormy conditions, when extensive bubble clouds arise. By the method of unsteady acoustic spectroscopy, data on the size distribution of bubbles at various depths have been obtained, which can be described by a power function with exponential decay at small bubble sizes of the order of 10 microns. Estimates of the gas content in bubble clouds and their influence on the acoustic characteristics of the upper layer of the sea have been carried out. It is shown that at sufficiently high concentrations, sharp increases in absorption and dispersion of the sound velocity are observed. Modeling of sound propagation in the presence of a quasi-homogeneous bubble layer shows that it leads both to a change in the laws of the average decay of the sound field along the sound propagation path and to a change in the shallow spatial structure of the field.
Mathematical Modeling of Seepage Velocity Influence on Transport of Dissolved Heavy Metals from Waste-Dumps to River Channel
Authors: Rogito Zablon Ombati , Kerongo Joash , Robert Obogi
Published: May 2022

Increasing rate of seepage velocity from several formation characteristics, such as permeability and porosity, in water aquifer environment greatly prompt pollution of water reservoirs within a short period of time. Considerably, migration rate of dissolved heavy metals from Solid Waste Dumpsites (SWD), such as municipal dumpsites and landfills, through heterogeneous aquifer environment, and finally into nearby water reservoirs are mainly influenced by variation of seepage velocity within the soil and water environment. This presents a dynamic system for water pollution that was studied using a formulated mathematical model to describe the transport process of dissolved heavy metals, mainly characterized by seepage velocities, within the water aquiferous environment. Permeability, porosity, fluid pressure and concentration of heavy metals in aquiferous environment were used as principal parameters that influence seepage velocity of the metals, in dissolved state, through the structural formation of water aquifers. The derived mathematical equations that constitute the model of this study were generated through Darcy’s law and the equation of continuity. The model was validated on structural river aquifer sediments, and it was solved using graphical method through matlab open-source software. The initial and boundary conditions were obtained by discretizing the geological setting of flow region so as to transform the gradient of the head, into the time domain.
Waterborne geophysical investigation to assess condition of grouted foundation : Old River Control Complex – Low Sill Structure, Concordia Parish, Louisiana
Authors: Breland Benjamin , Simms Janet , Doll William , Greenwood Jason , Kaufman Ronald
Published: May 2022

The Old River Low Sill Structure (ORLSS) at the Old River Control Complex (ORCC) in Concordia Parish, LA, is a steel pile-founded, gated reinforced-concrete structure that regulates the flow of water into the Atchafalaya River to prevent an avulsion between the Mississippi River and the Atchafalaya River. A scour hole that formed on the southeast wall of ORLSS during the Mississippi River flood of 1973 was remediated with riprap placement and varied mixtures of self-leveling, highly pumpable grout. Non-invasive waterborne geophysical surveys were used to evaluate the distribution and condition of the grout within the remediated scour area. Highly conductive areas were identified from the surveys that were interpreted to consist mostly of grout. Resistive responses, likely representing mostly riprap and/or sediment, were encountered near the remediated scour area periphery. A complex mixture of materials in the remediated scour area is interpreted by the more gradual transitions in the geophysical response. Survey measurements immediately beneath ORLSS were impeded by the abundance of steel along with the structure itself. The survey results and interpretation provide a better understanding of the subsurface properties of ORLSS.
Tahta Extended Family Dalam Bias Politik Kekerabatan
Authors: Windisari Yuliana , Wahyuliana Ida
Published: May 2022

Pada saat ini muncul fenomena politik kekerabatan, khususnya terjadi pada saat pemilihan kepala daerah (Pilkada). Pelaksanaan politik kekerabatan masih mendapatkan tempat dalam masyarakat, hal ini berkaitan dengan adanya tipe kepemimpinan kharismatik dan juga sosok yang sudah dikenal oleh Publik, meskipun tidak secara keseluruhan kandidat memiliki latar belakang politik kekerabatan berdasarkan garis keturunan akan tetapi tahta politik berdasarkan garis keturunan juga mampu mendongkrak popularitas calon. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi pustaka. Hasil kajian ini adalah Pada pemilihan kepala daerah tahun 2020, model politik dinasti yang berhubungan dengan extended family (keluarga besar) merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk menjadi pemenang dalam pertarungan politik dan kekuasaan, karena simbol sebagai kepala daerah masih dianggap sebagai ajang pemimpin yang bergengsi sehingga ada sekelompok orang yang telah memiliki modal sosial. Kesimpulannya adalah Politik kekerabatan digunakan untuk mendapatkan atensi dan juga kepercayaan dari masyarakat. Dan juga pusaran kekuasaan tersebut didukung oleh adanya figure politik berdasarkan garis keturunan di masa lampau yang pernah menjadi pemimpin di daerah tersebut. Agar tidak terjadi konflik kepentingan apabila terindikasi ada politik kekerabatan, maka Pemerintah yang menyelenggarakan Pemerintahan harus benar-benar menerapkan AAUPB (asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik).
Modified Method of Characteristics for Generating Enhanced Oil Recovery Curves
Authors: Agger Christian , Sorensen Henrik
Published: May 2022

Gas injection is a frequently used technique for enhanced oil recovery. If the gas injection is carried out at a pressure at or above the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), it is possible to achieve a recovery that approaches 100%. However, it is not always possible to inject the gas at such a high pressure, which makes it interesting to also know what recoveries can be obtained at pressures below the MMP. The recovery as a function of pressure can be found experimentally by conducting a slimtube experiment or by simulating such an experiment.

Jessen et al. (2001) has, as an alternative to a traditional 1D or cell-to-cell slimtube simulation techniques, proposed a very fast simulation method based on the method of characteristics (MoC). It constructs the composition zones developing in a slimtube during gas injection as well as providing gas and oil saturation profiles and compositions throughout the slimtube. From this information, the recovery can readily be calculated.

The method in Jessen et al.(2001) relies on volumetric gas and oil saturations evaluated at the tie-line intersections which are molar-based. Molar vapor fractions at the tie-line intersections will be below 0 or above 1 and will therefore represent a fluid located outside the two-phase region. With negative molar fractions, the total volume may become negative or zero. When the total volume becomes zero, the volumetric saturations (volume fractions of each phase) cannot be calculated from the molar phase fractions due to zero-division, and the saturation profile calculation cannot be performed.

This paper presents a modified MoC that does not have this weakness and will not encounter a zero-division caused by zero total volume. The paper further presents a scaling method that will ensure that the modified method gives results close to those obtained with the method in Jessen et al. (2001) when the latter does not stop due to a zero-division. The result is a fast, safe, and reliable method for calculating the recovery from an oil field with gas injection conducted at a pressure between the reservoir fluid saturation pressure and the MMP.
Adaptive Multiexpert Learning for Lithology Recognition
Authors: Jiang Jun , Luo Fang , Zhang Hongbao , Yang Shunhui , Zhang Yujie
Published: May 2022

Lithology recognition based on well logging plays an important role in drilling optimization and minimizing investment costs. Many existing lithology recognition methods resolve this problem by assuming that they have a balanced lithology data set (i.e., the different classes of lithology data samples have an even distribution). However, this assumption is usually not feasible in the real world, where the data sample size varies enormously between different categories of lithology and thereby leads to significantly degrading recognition performance. To address this problem, we propose adaptive multiexpert learning (AMEL) in this paper. Reweighting methods can be used to solve imbalanced distributions. However, blindly increasing the loss weights of the minority class does not create a balanced model. However, AMEL incorporates reweighting into knowledge distillation (KD) to further optimize the learning process. Our process involves dividing the training set into several groups and training various expert models. Then, we trained student models using a combination of weighted instance losses and distillation losses. Furthermore, we carried out extensive experiments on real-life log data to prove the efficiency of AMEL.
Does stereotactic body radiation therapy with image guidance technology improve treatment outcomes in intra-pulmonary metastasis patients? A randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Song Yingqiu , Wang Chenyu , Zhao Peng , Huang Bo , He Lei , Wang Tianlu
Published: May 2022

BackgroundStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with image guidance technology aims to improve treatment outcomes in cancer patients. Image guidance radiotherapy (IGRT) is used with SBRT to deliver tumor ablation therapy in 3–5 fractions. This precise radiotherapy delivery method can be applied to various tumor types, and preliminary evidence suggests that it is efficient, accurate, and cost-effective. We present the protocol for a trial aimed at assessing the safety and efficacy profile of SBRT with image guidance technology for the first time. In so doing, the trial seeks to compare the outcomes of patients treated with this method with those of patients treated with conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT). MethodsThis will be a randomized, controlled, prospective study with 102 lung cancer patients undergoing palliative treatment for intra-pulmonary metastasis. The trial will be based at the Liaoning Cancer Hospital Medical Center (a tertiary medical center). Using the random number table method, a random number sequence is generated, and the 102 patients are randomized (1:1) to the experiment group (SBRT with IGRT group) or the control group (CFRT group). The primary outcome is progression-free survival. The secondary outcomes include tumor response measures, overall survival, quality of life scores, and Acute and chronic adverse reactions, recorded over a 2-year follow-up period. After the final patient completes the follow-up study, Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software is used for scientific and rigorous data analysis. This is version 1.0 of protocol on October 31, 2020. The recruitment process for this clinical trial commenced on February 1, 2021, and will end on January 31, 2023. DiscussionThe study will provide high-quality clinical evidence to support the efficacy and safety of IGRT/SBRT versus CFRT in the treatment of patients with intrapulmonary metastases from lung cancer and has not yet been reported. Trial registrationThis trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900027548) (17 November, 2019). (URL: https://www.docin.com/p-917667939.html)
Effect of Intraoperative Goal-directed Fluid Therapy on the Postoperative Brain Edema in Patients undergoing High-Grade Gliomas Resections: a study protocol of randomized control trial
Authors: Liu Xiaoyuan , Zhang Xingyue , Fan Yifang , Li Shu , Peng Yuming
Published: May 2022

Introduction Brain edema is the most frequent postoperative complication after brain tumor resection, especially in patients with high-grade glioma. However, the effect of SVV-based goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on postoperative brain edema and the prognosis remain unclear. Methods and analysis This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-controlled trial aiming to observe whether stroke volume variation (SVV)-based GDFT could improve the postoperative brain edema in patients undergoing supratentorial high-grade gliomas compared with traditional fluid therapy. The patient will be given 3mL/kg hydroxyethyl starch solution when the SVV is greater than 15% continously for more than 5 minutes intraoperatively. The primary outcome will be postoperative cerebral edema volume on brain CT within 24 hours. Ethics and dissemination This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT03323580) and approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (reference number: KY2017-067-02). The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national or international conferences relevant to subject fields. Trial registration number NCT03323580.
Predictors of Viral Load Test Result over Time among HIV Adult Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART): A Retrospective Study in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Agegn Ayitenew , Abebe Mengistu , Belay Kidist
Published: May 2022

Background: HIV attacks the CD4 cell which is responsible for the body's immune response to infectious agents. The main objective of this study was to identify Predictors of Viral Load Result over time among HIV Patients Initiated HAART in Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was conducted on 161 HIV infected patients under HAART whose follow-ups were from January 2014 up to December 2017. Generalized linear mixed-effects model (Binary logistic regression model) for status of viral load result was used for inferential data analysis. The Hosmer and Lemeshow Goodness of fit Test and the likelihood ratio tests were used for measures of goodness of fit for categorical dataResults: The descriptive statistics revealed that the longitudinal response variable which was viral load status among HIV patient’s, in the study 90 of the patients were detected at baseline and 71 of them were not detected at baseline measurements. The estimated odds of the detected patients who lived in rural area was found to be about 6.3 (AOR= 6.30) times that of the odds of detected patients in urban area controlling for the other variables in the model. The estimated odds of the detected disclosed patients was found to be about 80.5% (AOR=0.195) less likely than the odds of detected not disclosed Patients by controlling for the other variables in the model.Conclusions: The predictor variables; observation time, weight, residence, age, educational level, clinical stage, functional status, baseline CD4 cell count and disclosure were statistically and significantly associated with status of viral load. The proportional odds model assumption was also checked numerically using Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics. The results justified that the assumption was fulfilled.
Dosimetric evaluation of a spinal cord dose-limiting 3D-CRT technique for radiotherapy of spinal metastases
Authors: Arnold Christian Cornelius , Toussaint André , Mantel Frederick , Flentje Michael , Bratengeier Klaus
Published: May 2022

Background: To evaluate the possible advantages of a simple spinal cord (SC) dose-limiting three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) technique in comparison to conventional two-dimensional (2D) techniques and other 3D-CRT techniques for spinal bone irradiation.Methods: For 41 spinal target volumes, seven different techniques were evaluated, using a standard schedule of 30 Gy in 10 fractions. The SC dose-limiting 3D-CRT technique 1F2S-18MV using a single posterior field (F) supplemented by two anterior segment fields (S) and 18MV photon beams was compared to two conventional 2D techniques (a single posterior field, PA and two opposed anterior-posterior fields, APPA), three other 3D-CRT techniques (a single posterior field supplemented by four segment fields, 1F4S; two wedged fields, WD and the SC dose-limiting variant using 6MV, 1F2S-6MV) plus the original clinically applied plans. For comparison, parameters of the dose homogeneity in the target volume as well as the dose exposure of the SC and other organs at risk (OARs) were assessed.Results: 1F2S-18MV demonstrated notably better results for all target volume parameters compared to the conventional 2D techniques (p<0.001). Limitation of the SC dose was significantly superior with 1F2S-18MV in comparison to PA and APPA (SC Dmean: 28.9±0.4 Gy vs. 30.1±0.6 Gy and 30.1±0.4 Gy; SC Dmax: 30.9±0.7 Gy vs. 32.5±1.0 Gy and 31.8±0.7 Gy; SC D1cm³: 30.1±0.6 Gy vs. 31.7±0.9 Gy and 31.1±0.6 Gy; p<0.001). Likewise, lower mean SC doses with 1F2S-18MV were observed in comparison to the more treatment time-consuming 3D-CRT techniques (1F4S, WD) and the original plans without relevant compromises on the dose homogeneity in the target volume and the dose exposure to the other OARs. 1F2S-18MV showed overall better results than 1F2S-6MV.Conclusions: In treatment planning of spinal metastases, simple variants of 3D-CRT-techniques like 1F2S-18MV can offer a significant dose limitation to the SC while providing a sufficient dose coverage of the target volume. Especially patients with favorable life expectancy and potential need for re-irradiation might benefit from such 3D-CRT approaches.
Monocyte Distribution Width as a Pragmatic Diagnostic Screen for SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Infection
Authors: Badaki-Makun Oluwakemi , Levin Scott , Debraine Arnaud , Hernried Benjamin , Malinovska Alexandra , Smith Aria , Toerper Matthew , Fenstermacher Katherine Z.J. , Cottle Taylor , Latallo Malgorzata , Rothman Richard E. , Hinson Jeremiah S.
Published: May 2022

Background
Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a novel marker of monocyte activation, which is known to occur in the immune response to viral pathogens. Our objective was to determine the diagnostic performance of MDW and other leukocyte parameters for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection.
Methods
This was a prospective cohort analysis of adult patients who underwent complete blood count (CBC) and SARS-CoV-2 or influenza testing in an Emergency Department (ED) between January 2020 and July 2021. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 or influenza infection. Secondary outcomes were measures of severity of illness including inpatient hospitalization, critical care admission, hospital lengths of stay and mortality. Descriptive statistics and diagnostic performance measures were evaluated for monocyte percentage, MDW, white blood cell (WBC) count, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR).
Results
3,425 ED patient visits were included. SARS-CoV-2 testing was performed during 1,923 visits with a positivity rate of 5.4%; influenza testing was performed during 2,090 with a positivity rate of 2.3%. MDW was elevated in patients with SARS-Cov-2 (median 23.0U; IQR 20.5–25.1) or influenza (median 24.1U; IQR 22.0-26.9) infection, as compared to those without (18.9U; IQR 17.4–20.7 and 19.1U; 17.4–21, respectively, p < 0.001). Monocyte percentage, WBC and NLR values were within normal range in patients testing positive for either virus. MDW identified SARS-CoV-2 and influenza positive patients with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% CI 0.79–0.86) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.77–0.88), respectively. At the accepted cut-off value of 20U for MDW, sensitivities were 83.7% (95% CI 76.5–90.8%) for SARS-CoV-2 and 89.6% (95% CI 80.9–98.2%) for influenza, compared to sensitivities below 45% for monocyte percentage, WBC and NLR. MDW negative predictive values were 98.6% (95% CI 98.0-99.3%) and 99.6% (95% CI 99.3–100.0%) respectively for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.
Conclusions
Monocyte Distribution Width (MDW), available on a routine complete blood count (CBC) with differential, is sensitive and specific for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection.
Usefulness of Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) to Identify Bone Quality and Bone Fragility in Primary Hyperparathyroidism compared with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism——hypercortisolism patients
Authors: Tang Wangna , Jia Hongwei , Wang Baoping , Chai Yun , Liu Tong , Wang Hao , Dai Chenlin
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluates the effects of TBS, bone mineral density (BMD), and fracture risk in PHPT patients.Methods: The study group comprised 82 PHPT patients, and sex-, age-matched 50 hypercortisolism patients. The BMD and TBS were measured using DXA and TBS iNsight software. A receiver operating curve and logistic analysis were used to evaluate TBS. The FRAX index was calculated with and without the adjustment of TBS to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of fracture risk. Results: Sixty-two per cent of PHPT patients exhibited degraded bone microstructure, thirty-nine per cent were diagnosed with osteoporosis by DXA. TBS had a moderately positive correlation with the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip BMD. For PHPT patients, the BMD of the fracture group was lower compared to that of the non-fracture group, and the FRAX indexes were higher than that of the non-fracture group. There was no statistical difference in TBS between the fracture group and the non-fracture group. In hypercortisolism patients, there was no statistical difference in BMD and TBS between the fracture group and the non-fracture group. In PHPT patients, TBS was a predictor of osteoporosis even after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI (P = 0.001, OR = 0.120, 95% CI [0.033-0.435]); In contrast, TBS was not a predictor in hypercortisolism patients, regardless of whether adjusting confounding factors or not. The sensitivity of FRAX in the prediction of fracture risk in PHPT and hypercortisolism is higher than TBS alone. Conclusions: TBS combined with BMD can increase the diagnostic accuracy of PHPT patients. Moreover, FRAX is more sensitive to fracture prediction than TBS in patients with PHPT or hypercortisolism.