bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding patient requirements for technology systems that support pain management in palliative care services: A qualitative study
Authors: Allsop Matthew J , Taylor Sally , Bennett Michael I , Bewick Bridgette M
Published: November 2017

Approaches to pain management using electronic systems are being developed for use in palliative care. This article explores palliative care patients’ perspectives on managing and talking about pain, the role of technology in their lives and how technology could support pain management. Face-to-face interviews were used to understand patient needs and concerns to inform how electronic systems are developed. A total of 13 interviews took place with a convenience sample of community-based patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care through a hospice. Data were analysed using framework analysis. Four meta-themes emerged: Technology could be part of my care; I’m trying to understand what is going on; My pain is ever-changing and difficult to control; and I’m selective about who to tell about pain. Patients described technology as peripheral to existing processes of care. To be relevant, systems may need to take account of the complexity of a patient’s pain experience alongside existing relationships with health professionals.
Crime, crime control and criminology in Germany
Authors: Boers Klaus , Walburg Christian , Kanz Kristina
Published: November 2017

This article provides an overview of the situation of crime, crime control and criminology in Germany. Official crime data, victimization studies and self-reported delinquency studies consistently indicate that crime rates have been rather low in recent years, and that the amount of crime has decreased in recent years with respect to violent as well as most non-violent offences. In contrast, increasing right-wing extremist violence and Islamist terrorism are a cause for concern. After a long decline, fear of crime has recently started to increase again for certain offences such as burglary. An increase in punitive attitudes or punishment styles cannot generally be observed, and the prison rate is comparatively low. The situation of criminology in Germany is ambivalent: on the one hand, promising research is being conducted; on the other hand, the implementation of criminology within universities has been cut back.
Engaging Employees at Work: Insights From India
Authors: Gupta Manish
Published: November 2017

The Problem

The engagement literature suffers not only from inconsistent construct conceptualizations but also from the paucity of research in India, a country whose employment conditions differ substantially from those of the Western nations. Therefore, there is a need to have clarity on the contribution of the engagement construct to the field of human resource development (HRD) and examine the significance of engaging employees in India.

The Solution

To address the aforementioned research gaps, the objectives of this issue are to derive a clear understanding of the engagement construct and to gain fresh insights into the antecedents and consequences of engagement at work, particularly in the context of India.

The Stakeholders

This issue is expected to benefit researchers, HRD professionals, and organizations by identifying the strongest engagement predictor of employee performance, suggesting several ways of engaging workforce in India, and providing fresh insights into the nomological network of engagement at work.
Segmenting a Water Use Market
Authors: Ibrahim Ali , Knox Kathy , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , Arli Denni
Published: November 2017

Water scarcity due to climate change, low rainfall, and the damaging effects of human activity is a global concern. In the United Arab Emirates, water consumption rates are among the highest in the world. Recently, researchers have suggested social marketing might assist to change individual water consumption. Guided by the theory of interpersonal behavior (TIB), this study sought to identify segments in one water use market, drawing on demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation bases. A cross-sectional theoretically based online survey was designed based on the TIB constructs to collect data about one residential population’s water knowledge/awareness attitudes, emotions, religiosity, habits, surrounding social norms, and facilitating factors. E-mail invitations to complete the survey were sent to the target population. Two-step cluster analysis was used to analyze the data ( N = 1350), and three major water user segments were identified (regular, conscious, and careless users), who could be characterized based on psychographic and water use (behavioral) determinants. Audience segmentation is often absent or done on the fly, and this article proposes that effectiveness could be improved by applying a rigorous and theoretically based approach. Opportunities for social marketers to develop interventions targeting specific user groups are subsequently identified, along with a future research agenda.
Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Youth in the United States: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Hampton Michelle DeCoux , Lieggi Michelle
Published: November 2017

Background:

Homeless, runaway, and transgender youth are at high risk for commercial sexual exploitation in the United States. Research examining this phenomenon is growing but requires synthesis to facilitate its use by professionals who serve this population. The purpose of this review was to aggregate the qualitative evidence regarding commercially sexually exploited youth (CSEY) in the United States.

Methods:

The search included published and unpublished qualitative studies with current or former CSEY who reside in the United States.

Results:

There were 19 studies included in the review with a total of 795 participants. Eight themes were identified and grouped into three broader categories: experiences that preceded sex work entry, experiences that facilitated sex work continuation, and experiences that facilitated sex work exit.

Conclusions:

Understanding the barriers and facilitators of commercial sexual exploitation can inform the development of interventions that address the needs of CSEY and youth at risk for exploitation. The results of this review highlight the social and economic influences as well as the role of positive and negative reinforcements involved in sex work entry, its continuation, and exit. Needs for services, research, and advocacy are also discussed.
Evaluating Passage and Order Effects of Oral Reading Fluency Passages in Second Grade: A Partial Replication
Authors: Chaparro Erin A. , Stoolmiller Mike , Park Yonghan , Baker Scott K. , Basaraba Deni , Fien Hank , Smith Jean L. Mercier
Published: November 2017

Progress monitoring has been adopted as an integral part of multi-tiered support systems. Oral reading fluency (ORF) is the most established assessment for progress-monitoring purposes. To generate valid trend lines or slopes, ORF passages must be of equivalent difficulty. Recently, however, evidence indicates that ORF passages are not equivalent, potentially hindering our ability to generate valid student trend lines for decision making. This study examines passage and order effects on the estimation of ORF scores using a set of second-grade passages. A single group with counterbalancing design was employed to randomly assign 156 second-grade students to three different orders of passages. Scores from the passages were examined using growth curve modeling and empirical Bayes estimates. Results indicate that passage effects were substantial, but order effects were small but significant. The impact of passage and order effects on research design, equating methods, and measure development is considered.
The Influence of Psychopathic Personality Traits, Low Self-Control, and Nonshared Environmental Factors on Criminal Involvement
Authors: Boccio Cashen M. , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: November 2017

Theoretical and empirical research has linked variation in parental and peer socialization patterns as well as criminogenic traits, particularly psychopathy and low self-control, to criminal involvement. Findings from this body of scholarship, however, have generally been produced without adequately controlling for genetic confounding. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by analyzing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health using a genetically informative research design. This study employs monozygotic difference scores analyses in order to examine the effects of psychopathic personality traits (PPTs), low self-control, and nonshared environmental factors on involvement with criminal behavior while controlling for genetic factors. The results indicated that of the four outcomes examined, PPTs were only associated with involvement in violent behavior. In addition, the results revealed that delinquent peers was the only nonshared environmental factor associated with any of the outcome measures.
Higher Anxiety Symptoms Predict Progressive Hippocampal Atrophy in the Chronic Stages of Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Terpstra Alex R. , Girard Todd A. , Colella Brenda , Green Robin E. A.
Published: November 2017

Background. In the chronic stages of moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), progressive hippocampal volume loss—continuing well after acute neurological insults have resolved—has now been well documented. Previous research in other populations suggests that elevated anxiety symptoms are associated with compromise to the medial temporal lobes. Objective. To examine whether higher anxiety symptoms predict greater hippocampal volume loss in moderate-severe TBI. Methods. We conducted an analysis of prospectively collected, longitudinal behavioral and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 5 to 12 to 30 months post-injury. Eighty participants were included in the study, with anxiety symptom and MRI data collected at a minimum of 2 time points. Correlational and bivariate latent difference score (with imputation) analyses were used to examine the relationship of Beck Anxiety Inventory scores with hippocampal volume loss, while controlling for depressive symptoms and total brain volume. Results. Analyses revealed that higher anxiety symptoms at 5 and at 12 months following moderate-severe TBI predicted significant later volume loss in the right hippocampal complex and the right hippocampal head. Right hippocampal volume and volume change did not predict subsequent anxiety scores or anxiety change scores. Conclusions. These novel findings implicate anxiety symptoms as a possible predictor of progressive hippocampal volume loss in the chronic stages of moderate-severe TBI.
Scholarly Merit in a Global Context: The Nation Gap in Psychological Science
Authors: Cheek Nathan N.
Published: November 2017

Psychologists from the United States are extremely prominent in psychological science, publishing more articles and receiving more citations than researchers from other nations. In this brief article, I review some previous research on this “nation gap” in psychology and highlight relevant data from journals published by the Association for Psychological Science. I then discuss some possible explanations for the nation gap and touch on some of its implications for thinking about scholarly merit and scientific eminence. I hope that the research and data discussed here will stimulate further consideration of the role of author nationality for both judgments of scholarly merit and psychological science more generally.
Family Matters: Measuring Impact Through One’s Academic Descendants
Authors: Marsh Elizabeth J.
Published: November 2017

Scientific contributions take many forms, not all of which result in fame or are captured in traditional metrics of success (e.g., h factor). My focus is on one of the most lasting and important contributions a scientist can make: training scientists who go on to train scientists, who in turn train more scientists, etc. Academic genealogies provide many examples of scientists whose names might not be recognizable today but who trained psychologists that went on to publish very influential work. Of course success results from a combination of many factors (including but not limited to the student’s abilities and motivation, luck, institutional resources, mentoring, etc.), but the field should find more ways to acknowledge the role that mentoring does play.
Innate immunity in cardiac myxomas and its pathological and clinical correlations
Authors: Di Vito Anna , Santise Gianluca , Mignogna Chiara , Chiefari Eusebio , Cardillo Gabriella , Presta Ivan , Arturi Franco , Malara Natalia , Brunetti Francesco , Donato Annalidia , Maisano Domenico , Leonetti Stefania , Maselli Daniele , Barni Tullio , Donato Giuseppe
Published: November 2017

Cardiac myxomas are the most common benign cardiac tumor. We investigated the immunohistochemical properties of 11 surgically excised cardiac myxomas, in order to analyze the correlation between macrophages and mast cell populations and clinical parameters. CD68+/CD163−/iNOS− (M0) cells represent the most abundant macrophage phenotype; however, CD68+/CD163+ cells (M2) were also frequent. CD68+/iNOS+ (M1) elements were rare. Mast cells, defined as a population of c-kit (CD117)+ and/or tryptase+ cells were also detected. Statistical analysis showed significant correlations between c-kit (CD117)+ and tryptase, CD68 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ESR and red blood cell count (RBC), and prothrombin time and platelet count. The inverse correlation between RBCs in peripheral blood and ESR suggested that anemia associated with chronic inflammatory disease is a noncasual event in patients suffering from cardiac myxoma. Mechanical hemolysis may be only a minor component of anemia, according to the lack of correlation between echographic surface and RBCs. Moreover, tumor size did not correlate with ESR, showing that inflammatory state may depend from both tumor cells population and inflammatory infiltrate. In the future, modulation of macrophage polarization in cardiac myxomas might represent important therapeutic target.
50 Years of Stereoblindness: Reconciliation of a Continuum of Disparity Detectors With Blindness for Disparity in Near or Far Depth
Authors: Dorman Reinder , van Ee Raymond
Published: November 2017

Whitman Richards (1932–2016) discovered some 50 years ago that about 30% of observers from the normal population exhibit stereoblindness: the disability to process binocular disparities in either far or near depth. We review the literature on stereoblindness entailing two insights. First, contemporary scholars in stereopsis undervalue the comprehension that disparity processing studies require precise assessments of observers’ stereoblindness. We argue that this frequently leads to suboptimal interpretations. Second, there is still an open conundrum: How can the established finding that disparity is processed by a continuum of detectors be reconciled with the disability of many observers to process a whole class of far or near disparities? We propose, based upon integration of literature, that an asymmetry between far and near disparity detection at birth—being present for a variety of reasons—can suppress the typical formation of binocular correlation during the critical period for the development of stereopsis early in life, thereby disabling a whole class of far or near disparities.
Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Fertility Problem Inventory–Short Form
Authors: Zurlo Maria Clelia , Cattaneo Della Volta Maria Franscesca , Vallone Federica
Published: November 2017

The study analyses factor structure and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Fertility Problem Inventory–Short Form. A sample of 206 infertile couples completed the Italian version of Fertility Problem Inventory (46 items) with demographics, State Anxiety Scale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y), Edinburgh Depression Scale and Dyadic Adjustment Scale, used to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was unsatisfactory (comparative fit index = 0.87; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.83; root mean square error of approximation = 0.17), and Cronbach’s α (0.95) revealed a redundancy of items. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out deleting cross-loading items, and Mokken scale analysis was applied to verify the items homogeneity within the reduced subscales of the questionnaire. The Fertility Problem Inventory–Short Form consists of 27 items, tapping four meaningful and reliable factors. Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed. Findings indicated that the Fertility Problem Inventory–Short Form is a valid and reliable measure to assess infertility-related stress dimensions.
Metformin: Adjunct Therapy in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Lurati Ann R.
Published: November 2017

An employee undergoing cancer treatment was prescribed metformin, a medication used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and currently used as adjunct therapy for cancer. Metformin’s anti-inflammatory properties inhibit tumor growth. It is speculated that cancer cells develop a metabolism that enhances aerobic glycolysis, which promotes cell growth and increases the need for glucose. Metformin decreases insulin in the blood, which decreases the amount of glucose available to cancer cells, thus starving the cells of nutrition, resulting in cell death. This case study explores the role of metformin in cancer treatment, with implications for occupational health nurses.
Social Media in Relationship Marketing: The Perspective of Professional Sport Managers in the MLB, NBA, NFL, and NHL
Authors: Abeza Gashaw , O’Reilly Norm , Seguin Benoit
Published: November 2017

This study aims to obtain an in-depth understanding of the use, opportunities, and challenges related to social media (SM) in achieving relationship marketing (RM) goals in professional sport. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 26 managers of professional sport teams from the four major leagues in North America. Results outline the platforms adopted, the six intended objectives of SM use, the seven opportunities SM provides, and the seven challenges of SM as a RM medium. Theoretical and practical implications as well as suggestions for future research are provided.
Book Review: Tarini Bedi, The Dashing Ladies of Shiv Sena: Political Matronage in Urbanizing India
Authors: Dhabhai Garima
Published: November 2017

Tarini Bedi, The Dashing Ladies of Shiv Sena: Political Matronage in Urbanizing India. New Delhi: Aleph Book Company. 2016. 291 pages. ₹699.
Book Review: Pranab Kumar Das (ed.), Decentralisation, Governance and Development: An Indian Perspective and Satyajit Singh, The Local in Governance: Politics, Decentralization and Environment
Authors: Chatterjee Himadri
Published: November 2017

Pranab Kumar Das (ed.), Decentralisation, Governance and Development: An Indian Perspective. Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan. 2017. 282 pages. ₹995.

Satyajit Singh, The Local in Governance: Politics, Decentralization and Environment. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2016. 261 pages. ₹895.
Role of Clinical Legal Education in Social Justice in Nigeria
Authors: Adelakun-Odewale Olanike S.
Published: November 2017

Very few faculties of law in Nigerian universities that offer law programme have established law clinics that offer live-client services to the public as part of their legal education training. Across the border, clinical legal education is gaining more popularity by the day as a tool to imbibe the necessary skills in students to become sound legal practitioners. This article assesses the impact of law clinics on the skills of law students to enable them handle effectively the demands of the legal profession. The article analyses the correlation between law clinics that provide services to live clients and the skills acquired vis-à-vis the performance of student clinicians. The article recommends the need to integrate live-client law clinics into the mainstream legal education system in Nigeria.
Value of Service Learning Through Global Collaborations
Authors: Gillis Christina , Tushaus David
Published: November 2017

This article outlines the importance of international clinical service learning in the area of legal education. The article describes two mobile legal clinic projects in Nepal that are part of an international collaboration between Forum for Nation Building (FNB), a non-governmental organization (NGO) based in Nepal, a university professor hailing from the United States, law students and professionals. Law students and professionals were recruited to be clinic volunteers and trained to form mobile legal aid clinics.

Both projects began as a collaborative effort between a Nepal-based NGO and a professor from the United States seeking to obtain funding to serve distressed populations in Nepal. Since earthquakes and other natural disasters cause an immediate harm and threat of harm to residents of the area, the initial response is to provide food, clothing and shelter to the most vulnerable sections. However, once the initial shock is over and basic needs are met, many persons including survivors of domestic violence among these displaced populations will have legal problems which will need to be addressed.

Although stationary clinics are important in providing services to such communities, they may be inaccessible or otherwise unknown to those in greatest need who do not possess the means to travel even a modest distance to reach them. This article will discuss how mobile clinics can be used to provide legal aid on various issues including domestic violence to survivors of natural disasters with specific reference to the earthquake that devastated Nepal in 2015.
Caste in Legal Education: A Survey of Law Schools in Delhi
Authors: Dalwai Sameena
Published: November 2017

This article considers the connection between legal education and imparting of justice vis-à-vis caste crimes in India. It argues that failure of law to offer justice to survivors of caste crimes is linked with the failure of legal education to offer an understanding of caste and gender to its students. From a survey of three law schools in Delhi NCR, this article raises questions about the knowledge of caste that law students possess. It examines this data in the light of what must be known and taught to the future lawyers to prepare them as unbiased and effective officers of law. The article begins with an anthology of caste crimes in the past few decades, setting off a detailed discussion on why understanding caste is imperative to justice machinery in India and hence to legal education.
The Relationship Between Collective Efficacy and Teachers’ Social Networks in Urban Middle Schools
Authors: Berebitsky Dan , Salloum Serena J.
Published: November 2017

Collective efficacy, a group’s belief in its capabilities to reach a goal, is an important organizational property repeatedly linked with student achievement. However, little scholarship specifies the antecedents of collective efficacy. To fill this gap, this study examines a potential predictor of collective efficacy: teachers’ social networks. The authors employ social network and regression analysis to explore the relationship between network density, network centralization, and collective efficacy in 20 middle school mathematics departments in two large, urban districts across 3 years. Collective efficacy had a significant relationship with density, but not centralization, when controlling for school demographics. The findings underscore the importance of network density to school improvement reforms. Policymakers need to consider policies that support the building of a dense network, which could increase collective efficacy and, ultimately, student achievement.
Mini-Implants for Mandibular Overdentures: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis alongside a Randomized Trial
Authors: Della Vecchia M.P. , Leles C.R. , Cunha T.R. , Ribeiro A.B. , Sorgini D.B. , Muglia V.A. , Reis A.C. , Albuquerque R.F. , de Souza R.F.
Published: November 2017

Mandibular overdentures retained by 2 conventional implants have been considered the standard of care for complete edentulism, according to the McGill and York consensuses. However, many patients refuse this treatment modality due to the associated costs and postsurgical discomfort. Mini-implants have the chance to overcome these limitations due to their potentially lower costs and a relatively uncomplicated surgical technique. This study compared treatment costs and incremental cost-effectiveness following the insertion of mini-implants (2 or 4) or 2 standard-size implants for the retention of mandibular overdentures, by means of a randomized clinical trial. In total, 120 edentulous participants (mean age 59.5 ± 8.5 y) were randomly allocated into 3 groups according to treatment received: 4 mini-implants (group 1), 2 mini-implants (group 2), or 2 standard implants (group 3). Treatment costs and outcomes (Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous [OHIP-EDENT] and satisfaction with the dentures) were evaluated after 6 mo. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for each intervention in terms of cost per 1-point change in patient outcomes. A 1-way sensitivity analysis was performed considering a 95% confidence interval variation in cost and outcome parameters, represented in tornado diagrams. Overall treatment cost was the lowest for group 2 (average cost: US$318.08), followed by group 1 (US$510.75) and group 3 (US$566.13). Groups did not differ in terms of the length of unscheduled appointments and time spent by participants. In summary, our findings indicate that mandibular overdentures retained by 2 or 4 mini-implants are less costly compared to 2-implant overdentures. Despite the lower costs of overdentures retained by 2 mini-implants, those retained by 4 mini-implants showed further improvement in patient-reported outcomes and reduced costs compared to standard implants ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01411683).

Knowledge Transfer Statement: This report shows that mini-implant retained overdentures are less costly than overdenture treatment on 2 standard-sized implants. Treatment with 2 mini-implants is an effective procedure to substantially save resources, whereas treatment with 4 mini-implants provides better results from a patient perspective combined with slightly reduced costs compared to the treatment with 2 standard implants. Therefore, mini-implant overdentures may be effective and more accessible than overdentures on 2 standard-size implants for those with limited incomes.
Adaptation and Evaluation of Military Resilience Skills Training for Pediatric Residents
Authors: Bursch Brenda , Lloyd Jessica , Mogil Catherine , Wijesekera Kanchana , Miotto Karen , Wu Michelle , Wilkinson Rebecca , Klomhaus Alexandra , Iverson Arija , Lester Patricia
Published: November 2017

Background:

An evidence-based trauma-informed resilience skills training program developed for deployed military personnel was adapted and pilot-tested with pediatric residents. We anticipated high satisfaction ratings and changes in knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy related to coping with stress and trauma.

Methods:

The intervention included 6 skill-based modules covering emotion regulation, communication with angry patients and parents, reflective narrative, inspirational goal setting, problem-solving, and developing a self-care toolbox. An optional survey was administered before and after the training.

Results:

After training, 76% rated resilience skills as important, 60% were satisfied, and 82% indicated the training changed how they will respond to patient-related grief and trauma. They became more likely to believe attendings are affected by patient deaths and to know what helps them cope when they disagree with the medical decision making of others, more skilled in recognizing signs of stress and trauma, and more knowledgeable about evidence-based interventions.
Reduced-Intensity Delayed Intensification in Standard-Risk Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Defined by Undetectable Minimal Residual Disease: Results of an International Randomized Trial (AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000)
Authors: Schrappe Martin , Bleckmann Kirsten , Zimmermann Martin , Biondi Andrea , Möricke Anja , Locatelli Franco , Cario Gunnar , Rizzari Carmelo , Attarbaschi Andishe , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Bartram Claus R. , Barisone Elena , Niggli Felix , Niemeyer Charlotte , Testi Anna Maria , Mann Georg , Ziino Ottavio , Schäfer Beat , Panzer-Grümayer Renate , Beier Rita , Parasole Rosanna , Göhring Gudrun , Ludwig Wolf-Dieter , Casale Fiorina , Schlegel Paul-Gerhardt , Basso Giuseppe , Conter Valentino
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Delayed intensification (DI) is an integral part of treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but it is associated with relevant toxicity. Therefore, standard-risk patients of trial AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000 (Combination Chemotherapy Based on Risk of Relapse in Treating Young Patients With ALL) were investigated with the specific aim to reduce treatment intensity.

Patients and Methods

Between July 2000 and July 2006, 1,164 patients (1 to 17 years of age) with standard-risk ALL (defined as the absence of high-risk cytogenetics and undetectable minimal residual disease on days 33 and 78) were randomly assigned to either experimental reduced-intensity DI (protocol III; P-III) or standard DI (protocol II; P-II). Cumulative drug doses of P-III were reduced by 30% for dexamethasone and 50% for vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, which shortened the treatment duration from 49 to 29 days. The study aimed at noninferiority of reduced-intensity P-III; analyses were performed according to treatment given.

Results

For P-III and P-II, respectively, the 8-year rate of disease-free survival (± SE) was 89.2 ± 1.3% and 92.3 ± 1.2% ( P = .04); cumulative incidence of relapse, 8.7 ± 1.2% and 6.4 ± 1.1% ( P = .09); and overall survival, 96.1 ± 0.8% and 98.0 ± 0.6% ( P = .06). Patients with ETV6-RUNX1–positive ALL and patients 1 to 6 years of age performed equally well in both arms. The incidence of death during remission was comparable, which indicates equivalent toxicity. The 8-year cumulative incidence rate of secondary malignancies was 1.3 ± 0.5% and 0.6 ± 0.4% for P-III and P-II, respectively ( P = .37).

Conclusion

Although the criteria used for the standard-risk definition in this trial identified patients with exceptionally good prognosis, reduction of chemotherapy was not successful mainly because of an increased rate of relapse. The data suggest that treatment reduction is feasible in specific subgroups, which underlines the biologic heterogeneity of this cohort selected according to treatment response.
Offshore operations capabilities: an exploratory study
Authors: Tondolo Vilmar Antonio Gonçalves , Kaynak Hale , De Souza Yeda Swirski , Bitencourt Cláudia Cristina
Published: November 2017

To explore how companies develop capabilities for managing offshore operations, this study examines the offshore operations of three companies in Brazil, Denmark, and Germany. The research results provide valuable information on the types of offshore operations implemented by the companies, the strategic role of offshore operations, barriers to implementing offshore operations, capabilities developed by companies for implementing offshore operations, and the role of dynamic capabilities elements (paths, positions, and processes) in the development of capabilities for managing offshore operations.
PRODUCTION ORGANIZATION, WORK ORGANIZATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: A BLUE COLLAR PERSPECTIVE IN AN AUTOMAKER ASSEMBLY LINE
Authors: Muniz Junior Jorge , Faria Neto Antônio , Sá Helen Souza
Published: November 2017

This paper aims to assess the organizational triad which is Production, Work and Knowledge. The importance of these organizational triad factors were assessed from the blue collar workers perspective. The research was conducted in an assembly line of an important Automaker installed in Brazil since the 90's. It was consistently concluded that the main factors for creating knowledge sharing context are: well understanding the objectives of management and workers, a clear definition of roles and responsibilities of the personnel involved in productive activities, good communication among those involved in the production, opportunities for their professional training and improvement, and financial incentives. These factors allow managers to promote a favourable context for knowledge sharing.
Πρόγραμμα κοινωνικής και συναισθηματικής μάθησης με εργαλείο τη μουσική και το τραγούδι για μαθητές/τριες με εγκεφαλική παράλυση
Authors: Μαυρίδου Αναστασία , Γεροφώτη Αικατερίνη
Published: November 2017

Η εισήγηση αφορά στην εφαρμογή ενός προγράμματος κοινωνικής και συναισθηματικής μάθησης, με εργαλείο τη μουσική και το τραγούδι για μαθητές/τριες με εγκεφαλική παράλυση και νοητική αναπηρία. Το πρόγραμμα εφαρμόστηκε στο πλαίσιο της Αγωγής Υγείας, μέσω του δικτύου «Νοιάζομαι για τον εαυτό μου και τους άλλους». Συμμετείχαν 11 μαθητές/τριες του 2ου Ειδικού Δημοτικού Σχολείου Θεσσαλονίκης. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν 30 συναντήσεις σε διάστημα εφτά μηνών κατά το σχολικό έτος  2015-16. Ο σκοπός της παρέμβασης ήταν η ανάπτυξη της θετικής προσέγγισης του εαυτού και των άλλων και οι στόχοι αφορούσαν στην ανάπτυξη κοινωνικών, συναισθηματικών και επικοινωνιακών δεξιοτήτων. Η προσέγγιση της ομάδας έγινε με διαδραστικό και συμμετοχικό τρόπο, βασισμένο σε βιωματικές και ενεργητικές μεθόδους παρέμβασης, αφού προσαρμόστηκε υπάρχον και δημιουργήθηκε πρωτότυπο εκπαιδευτικό υλικό κατάλληλο για άτομα με πολλαπλές αναπηρίες. Στο άρθρο αυτό περιγράφονται ο σχεδιασμός, η εφαρμογή και το εκπαιδευτικό υλικό του προγράμματος. Έπειτα από ανάλυση των δεδομένων που συλλέχθηκαν μέσω ερωτηματολογίου, διαπιστώθηκαν θετικές αλλαγές σε ατομικό και ομαδικό επίπεδο στους επιμέρους στόχους. Το εγχείρημα επιβεβαιώνει τις πολλαπλές δυνατότητες των ατόμων με εγκεφαλική παράλυση και την ανάγκη ενίσχυσης ανάλογων παρεμβάσεων. Η μουσική ενίσχυσε τα θετικά κίνητρα συμμετοχής, αλληλεπίδρασης και πρωτοβουλίας των μαθητών, και κατά συνέπεια τη συλλογικότητά τους.
Genetics in the 21st Century: Implications for patients, consumers and citizens
Authors: Roberts Jonathan , Middleton Anna
Published: November 2017

The first human genome project, completed in 2003, uncovered the genetic building blocks of humankind. Painstakingly cataloguing the basic constituents of our DNA (‘genome sequencing’) took ten years, over three billion dollars and was a multinational collaboration. Since then, our ability to sequence genomes has been finessed so much that by 2017 it is possible to explore the 20,000 or so human genes for under £1000, in a matter of days. Such testing offers clues to our past, present and future health, as well as information about how we respond to medications so that truly ‘personalised medicine’ is now a reality.  

The impact of such a ‘genomic era’ is likely to have some level of impact on all of us, even if we are not directly using healthcare services ourselves. We explore how advancements in genetics are likely to be experienced by people, as patients, consumers and citizens; and urge policy makers to take stock of the pervasive nature of the technology as well as the human response to it.
Choose healthy treats
Authors: Williams Brenda
Published: November 2017

Use Brenda Williams' poem I love snack time to encourage children to access healthy food independently, experiment with new tastes and use vocabulary to express their preferences.
The levels of vancomycin in the blood and the wound after the local treatment of bone and soft-tissue infection with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate as carrier material
Authors: Wahl P. , Guidi M. , Benninger E. , Rönn K. , Gautier E. , Buclin T. , Magnin J-L. , Livio F.
Published: November 2017

Aims

Calcium sulphate (CaSO4) is a resorbable material that can be used simultaneously as filler of a dead space and as a carrier for the local application of antibiotics. Our aim was to describe the systemic exposure and the wound fluid concentrations of vancomycin in patients treated with vancomycin-loaded CaSO4 as an adjunct to the routine therapy of bone and joint infections.

Patients and Methods

A total of 680 post-operative blood and 233 wound fluid samples were available for analysis from 94 implantations performed in 87 patients for various infective indications. Up to 6 g of vancomycin were used. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on the data from 37 patients treated for an infection of the hip.

Results

The overall systemic exposure remained within a safe range, even in patients with post-operative renal failure, none requiring removal of the pellets. Local concentrations were approximately ten times higher than with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a carrier, but remained below reported cell toxicity thresholds. Decreasing concentrations in wound fluid were observed over several weeks, but remained above the common minimum inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus up to three months post-operatively.

Conclusion

This study provides the first pharmacokinetic description of the local application of vancomycin with CaSO4 as a carrier, documenting slow release, systemic safety and a release profile far more interesting than from PMMA. In particular, considering in vitro data, concentrations of vancomycin active against staphylococcal biofilm were seen for several weeks. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1537–44.
The orthopaedic manifestation and outcomes of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia
Authors: Makki D. , Elgamal T. , Evans P. , Harvey D. , Jackson G. , Platt S.
Published: November 2017

Aims

The aim of this paper was to present the clinical features of patients with musculoskeletal sources of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) septicaemia.

Patients and Methods

A total of 137 patients presented with MSSA septicaemia between 2012 and 2015. The primary source of infection was musculoskeletal in 48 patients (35%). Musculoskeletal infection was considered the primary source of septicaemia when endocarditis and other obvious sources were excluded. All patients with an arthroplasty at the time were evaluated for any prosthetic involvement.

Results

The most common site of infection was the spine, which occurred in 28 patients (58%), and was associated with abscess formation in 16. Back pain was the presenting symptom in these patients, with a positive predictive value of 100%. A total of 24 patients had a total of 42 arthroplasties of the hip or knee in situ. Prosthetic joint infection occurred in six of these patients (25%). In five patients, the infection originated outside the musculoskeletal system. Three patients (6%) with MSSA septicaemia from a musculoskeletal sources died.

Conclusion

Amongst the musculoskeletal sources of MSSA septicaemia, the spine was the most commonly involved. We recommend an MRI scan of the whole spine and pelvis in patients with MSSA septicaemia with back pain, when the primary source of infection has not been identified or clinical examination is unreliable. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1545–51.
Aspirin and the prevention of venous thromboembolism following total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Azboy I. , Barrack R. , Thomas A. M. , Haddad F. S. , Parvizi J.
Published: November 2017

The number of arthroplasties being performed increases each year. Patients undergoing an arthroplasty are at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and appropriate prophylaxis has been recommended. However, the optimal protocol and the best agent to minimise VTE under these circumstances are not known. Although many agents may be used, there is a difference in their efficacy and the risk of bleeding. Thus, the selection of a particular agent relies on the balance between the desire to minimise VTE and the attempt to reduce the risk of bleeding, with its undesirable, and occasionally fatal, consequences.

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is an agent for VTE prophylaxis following arthroplasty. Many studies have shown its efficacy in minimising VTE under these circumstances. It is inexpensive and well-tolerated, and its use does not require routine blood tests. It is also a ‘milder’ agent and unlikely to result in haematoma formation, which may increase both the risk of infection and the need for further surgery. Aspirin is also unlikely to result in persistent wound drainage, which has been shown to be associated with the use of agents such as low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and other more aggressive agents.

The main objective of this review was to summarise the current evidence relating to the efficacy of aspirin as a VTE prophylaxis following arthroplasty, and to address some of the common questions about its use.

There is convincing evidence that, taking all factors into account, aspirin is an effective, inexpensive, and safe form of VTE following arthroplasty in patients without a major risk factor for VTE, such as previous VTE.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1420–30.
Multiple boluses of intravenous tranexamic acid to reduce hidden blood loss and the inflammatory response following enhanced-recovery primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Xie J. , Hu Q. , Ma J. , Huang Q. , Pei F.
Published: November 2017

Aims

The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of multiple boluses of intravenous (IV) tranexamic acid (TXA) on the hidden blood loss (HBL) and inflammatory response following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Patients and Methods

A total of 150 patients were allocated randomly to receive a single bolus of 20 mg/kg IV TXA before the incision (group A), a single bolus followed by a second bolus of 1 g IV-TXA three hours later (group B) or a single bolus followed by two boluses of 1 g IV-TXA three and six hours later (group C). All patients were treated using a standard peri-operative enhanced recovery protocol. Primary outcomes were HBL and the level of haemoglobin (Hb) as well as the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as markers of inflammation. Secondary outcomes included the length of stay in hospital and the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Results

The mean HBL was significantly lower in group C (402.13 ml standard deviation (sd) 225.97) than group A (679.28 ml sd 277.16, p < 0.001) or B (560.62 ml sd 295.22, p = 0.010). The decrease in the level of Hb between the pre-operative baseline and the level on the third post-operative day was 30.82 g/L (sd 6.31 g/L) in group A, 27.16 g/L (sd 6.83) in group B and 21.98 g/L (sd 3.72) in group C. This decrease differed significantly among the three groups (p < 0.01). The mean level of CRP was significantly lower in group C than in the other two groups on the second (p ≤ 0.034) and third post-operative days (p ≤ 0.014). The levels of IL-6 were significantly lower in group C than group A on the first three post-operative days (p = 0.023). The mean length of stay was significantly lower in group C than group A (p = 0.023). No VTE or other adverse events occurred.

Conclusion

Multiple boluses of IV-TXA can effectively reduce HBL following primary THA. A regime of three boluses leads to a smaller decrease in the level of Hb, less post-operative inflammation and a shorter length of stay in hospital than a single bolus. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1442–9.
Dilute to taste: Kimonos for the British market at the beginning of the twentieth century
Authors: Savas Akiko
Published: November 2017

This article investigates the significance of the kimono in British fashion at the beginning of the twentieth century and clarifies who was active in promoting its popularity throughout Britain. It also examines the colour trends that developed for kimonos made for the British market. In the early twentieth century, large numbers of kimonos specially designed for the western market were exported to Britain by Japanese manufacturers, such as Takashimaya, where they were sold in shops and department stores in and around London. This made it increasingly possible for anyone to easily obtain kimonos, in contrast with the nineteenth century when collectors were the primary consumers of kimonos. Thus, in British fashion history the phenomenon of the ‘Japan craze’ was most notable in the 1900s–10s. Not only does archival evidence allow the export of kimonos to be tracked, it also demonstrates how changes to the garment to suit foreign markets came about. According to documented reports, the colours of kimonos needed to be ‘subdued’ for the British market. This change proved to be a highly effective ‘translation’ in design as the kimono moved from Japanese culture to the very different cultural language of British society.
The birth of modern fashion in Korea: Sartorial transition between hanbok and yangbok through production, mediation and consumption
Authors: Lee Jungtaek
Published: November 2017

Sartorial change from hanbok (Korean dress) to yangbok (western dress) is commonly seen as marking the transitional Opening Port era of the late nineteenth century, when modern fashion emerged, seemingly replacing ‘traditional’ Korean dress with ‘modern’ western dress. However, when examining actual cases of Korean sartorial practice, this linear and dichotomous framework – non-western traditional versus western modern – has limits in its approach, lacking the multiplicity of local meanings and experiences in line with particular social and cultural contexts. This study instead explores the protean transition of dress and fashion in Korea as a way of challenging Eurocentric notions of fashion. In particular, it seeks a better understanding of the sartorial transition and local practice of modern dress and fashion emerging in colonial modern Korea through production, mediation and consumption. Critically reinterpreting diverse sources of object, image and text gleaned from the modern colonial period (1910–45), the framework of production–mediation–consumption builds up a rounded picture of the emergence of modern Korean dress and fashion that materialized through not only yangbok but also hanbok. Reflecting modern ironies of the time and the specificities of colonial society, the dichotomy between the two dress systems (hanbok and yangbok) was rather nuanced, multifaceted and intricately developed in relation to modern fashion, local modernities and the ways in which they evolved in the vernacular Korean context, across colonial and western fashion discourses.
Novos usos e desafios para os videojogos: streaming, questões de género e assédio online
Authors: Pinto David , Cádima Francisco Rui , Coelho Joana , Dias Laura
Published: November 2017

Jogar já não significa apenas ficar horas seguidas em frente a um ecrã. Na cultura dos videojogos surgem novos fenómenos em que a nova geração de jogadores quer saber mais sobre os jogos, ver outros jogar, ver os seus fãs, interagir, seguir os ídolos, participar e tornar-se cada vez melhor. Mas há também um lado negro, que tem a ver com questões de assédio, sexismo, agressão e/ou discriminação nos jogos online. Cada vez mais visível, é também cada vez mais desafiada. Muitas das notícias sobre jogos online no passado recente focaram os assédios e a violência online e reforçaram a importância das dimensões da tolerância, diversidade e inclusão. Nesta pesquisa, procuraremos, em primeiro lugar, focar o contexto do desenvolvimento dos novos ambientes e comunidades de jogos online, analisando, designadamente, a expansão e especificidade das grandes plataformas emergentes, para depois nos centrarmos na problemática da discriminação/exclusão e no assédio online.