bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility to scientific misinformation and perception of news source reliability in secondary school students
Authors: Siani Alessandro , Joseph Maria , Dacin Claudiu
Published: July 2024

In the current post-truth era, the ability to assess the reliability of information is an essential citizenship attribute. With nearly half of the present internet traffic estimated to be generated by bots, and misinformation being regularly weaponised by numerous parties for economic or political gain, it is imperative that citizens are equipped with the tools to discriminate facts from fiction, particularly for health- and science-related matters. The present study reports the results of a survey (n = 776) carried out to evaluate susceptibility to scientific misinformation and perception of news source reliability amongst students in an English secondary school. Two distinct scores were developed in order to differentially measure susceptibility to disinformation (i.e. deliberately false information) and unintentional misinformation (i.e. getting the facts wrong). Non-parametric analysis indicated that students’ misinformation (as measured by both scores) decreased significantly over the course of the 5 years of secondary education. Interestingly, the adolescents who took part in the survey exhibited considerably lower belief in common science-based conspiracy theories than the levels previously reported among British adults. Students indicated teachers as their most frequent choice of scientific news. While social media were also indicated as common news sources, students expressed awareness of the unreliability of the content available on social media. Analysis of the open answers indicated that students considered BBC as the most trustworthy source of scientific information, and TikTok as the least trustworthy.
Cognitive Control along the Language Continuum
Authors: Marton Klara
Published: July 2024

This book provides a comprehensive review of the interactions between language and cognitive control in children. Broadening its scope beyond specific dimensions of language and cognition, it provides an extensive review of the dynamic changes in cognitive control along the entire language continuum. It integrates behavioral and neurophysiological findings from different disciplines, such as bilingualism, cognitive psychology, and communication disorders. A better understanding of the relationship between cognitive control and language in various speakers allows us to develop more sensitive experimental paradigms, as well as more efficient assessment and intervention methods. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available open access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Characterizing Climatic Socio‐Environmental Tipping Points in Coastal Communities: A Conceptual Framework for Research and Practice
Authors: Shortridge J. E. , Bukvic A. , Mitchell M. , Goldstein J. , Allen T.
Published: July 2024

The concept of climate tipping points in socio‐environmental systems is increasingly being used to describe nonlinear climate change impacts and encourage social transformations in response to climate change. However, the processes that lead to these tipping points and their impacts are highly complex and deeply uncertain. This is due to numerous interacting environmental and societal system components, constant system evolution, and uncertainty in the relationships between events and their consequences. In the face of this complexity and uncertainty, this research presents a conceptual framework that describes systemic processes that could lead to tipping points socio‐environmental systems, with a focus on coastal communities facing sea level rise. Within this context, we propose an organizational framework for system description that consists of elements, state variables, links, internal processes, and exogenous influences. This framework is then used to describe three mechanisms by which socio‐environmental tipping could occur: feedback processes, cascading linkages, and nonlinear relationships. We presented this conceptual framework to an expert panel of coastal practitioners and found that it has potential to characterize the effects of secondary climatic impacts that are rarely the focus of coastal risk analyses. Finally, we identify salient areas for further research that can build upon the proposed conceptual framework to inform practical efforts that support climate adaptation and resilience.
How Does Heavy Precipitation of Varying Durations Respond to Urbanization in China?
Authors: Xie Xue , Lin Kairong , Xiao Mingzhong , Zhou Xudong , Zhao Gang , Yamazaki Dai
Published: July 2024

Heavy precipitation, which is changing significantly as Earth's climate warms, can result in flooding that seriously damages societies. However, little is known about how heavy precipitation of varying durations responds to the diverse gradients of urban development in China. Through statistical analyses spanning from 1990 to 2021, we have examined shorter‐duration (≤3 days) and longer‐duration (>3 days) heavy precipitation across a spectrum of urban development, encompassing long‐term built‐up (LTB), recently built‐up (RTB), and rural background catchments within each urban agglomeration catchment (UAC) across China. We find that urbanization primarily influences shorter‐duration heavy precipitation, with a more pronounced effect observed in the LTB catchments. Conversely, the influence of urbanization on longer‐duration heavy precipitation appears to be more weakened in the RTB catchments. The intensification of shorter‐duration heavy precipitation induced by urbanization is more pronounced in humid regions and within larger UACs, while the urban effect on longer‐duration heavy precipitation is weaker in humid regions and within larger UACs. Notably, the attribution analysis results of the geographical detector model confirm our findings. Anthropogenic‐related factors (population density, nighttime light data, impervious surface percent, land surface temperature) significantly influence shorter‐duration heavy precipitation in more UACs than natural factors (distance from the coast, wind and elevation), while natural factors dominate longer‐duration events in larger UACs across China. Our results highlight the necessity of considering the spatial difference between the UAC center and UAC periphery for accurate projections and effective prevention of heavy precipitation and potential flood risks in the future.
Intermediate Descending Layers Emerged Simultaneously in Five Different Locations During the Solar Eclipse on 21 June 2020
Authors: Chen Gang , Cai Xuesi , Zhang Shaodong , Gong Wanlin , Yang Guotao , Wang Yungang , Hu Lianhuan , Zhong Dingkun , Li Yaxian , Xu Yimeng , Zhang Min , Hu Pengfei
Published: July 2024

Solar eclipse traveled across South China in the afternoon on 21 June 2020. Five ionosondes located from mid‐to low‐latitudes and on both north and south of the eclipse path were applied to investigate the ionospheric responses. Both the zonal and meridional ranges of the observation region have exceeded 1,000 km. All the five ionosondes had observed the Intermediate Descending Layers (IDLs) simultaneously just after the eclipse maximum and this is a very small probability event. During the solar eclipse, the multi‐hop echoes above the Es, the rising Es to 150 km altitude, the plasma flux from above F2‐layer were also observed and analyzed. The descending trend of the IDLs and the peak height of F2‐layer (hmF2) shows great consistency, indicating the close relationship between the eclipse induced plasma flux and the IDLs. The traces of gravity waves were also found in the IDLs and F‐layer. The plasma flux may carry the ions to valley region and the eclipse produced gravity waves were responsible for the formation of the IDLs.
Dissecting the vascular-cognitive nexus: energetic vs. conventional hemodynamic parameters
Authors: Cheng Hao-Min , Wang Jiun-Jr , Chuang Shao-Yuan , Lin Chen-Hua , Mitchell Gary F. , Huang Chi-Jung , Wang Pei-Ning , Chung Chih-Ping , Chen Liang-Kung , Pan Wen-Harn , Peng Li-Ning , Chen Chen-Huan
Published: July 2024

Blood pressure or flow measurements have been associated with vascular health and cognitive function. We proposed that energetic hemodynamic parameters may provide a more nuanced understanding and stronger correlation with cognitive function, in comparisons with conventional aortic and carotid pressure and flow parameters. The study comprised 1858 participants, in whom we assessed cognitive function via MoCA method, and measured central aortic and carotid pressure and flow waveforms. In addition to various pressure and flow parameters, we calculated energetic hemodynamic parameters through integration of pressure multiplying flow with respect to time. Energetic hemodynamic parameters, particularly aortic and carotid mean and pulsatile energy and pulsatility index (PI), were significantly associated with MoCA score more than any aortic and carotid pressure and flow parameters, after adjusting for age, sex, education, depression score, heart rate, BMI, HDL-cholesterol, and glucose levels. MoCA exhibited a strong positive relationship with carotid mean energy (standardized beta = 0.053, P = 0.0253) and a negative relationship with carotid energy PI (standardized beta = −0.093, P = 0.0002), exceeding the association with all traditional pressure- or flow-based parameters. Aortic pressure reflection coefficient at the aorto-carotid junction was positively correlated with mean carotid energy and negatively correlated with PI. Aortic characteristic impedance positively correlated with carotid energy PI but not mean energy. Our research indicates that energetic hemodynamic parameters, particularly carotid mean energy and carotid energy PI, have a stronger association with MoCA scores than traditional pressure- or flow-based metrics. This correlation with cognitive function is notably influenced by the properties of the aorto-carotid interface.
Structured connectivity in the output of the cerebellar cortex
Authors: Gruver Kim M. , Jiao Jenny W. Y. , Fields Eviatar , Song Sen , Sjöström Per Jesper , Watt Alanna J.
Published: July 2024

The spatial organization of a neuronal circuit is critically important for its function since the location of neurons is often associated with function. In the cerebellum, the major output of the cerebellar cortex are synapses made from Purkinje cells onto neurons in the cerebellar nuclei, yet little has been known about the spatial organization of these synapses. We explored this question using whole-cell electrophysiology and optogenetics in acute sagittal cerebellar slices to produce spatial connectivity maps of cerebellar cortical output in mice. We observed non-random connectivity where Purkinje cell inputs clustered in cerebellar transverse zones: while many nuclear neurons received inputs from a single zone, several multi-zonal connectivity motifs were also observed. Single neurons receiving input from all four zones were overrepresented in our data. These findings reveal that the output of the cerebellar cortex is spatially structured and represents a locus for multimodal integration in the cerebellum.
Stimuli-responsive mechanically interlocked polymer wrinkles
Authors: Yang Mengling , Chen Shuai , Zhang Zhaoming , Cheng Lin , Zhao Jun , Bai Ruixue , Wang Wenbin , Gao Wenzhe , Yu Wei , Jiang Xuesong , Yan Xuzhou
Published: July 2024

Artificial wrinkles, especially those with responsive erasure/regeneration behaviors have gained extensive interest due to their potential in smart applications. However, current wrinkle modulation methods primarily rely on network rearrangement, causing bottlenecks in in situ wrinkle regeneration. Herein, we report a dually cross-linked network wherein [2]rotaxane cross-link can dissipate stress within the wrinkles through its sliding motion without disrupting the network, and quadruple H-bonding cross-link comparatively highlight the advantages of [2]rotaxane modulation. Acid stimulation dissociates quadruple H-bonding and destructs network, swiftly eliminating the wrinkles. However, the regeneration process necessitates network rearrangement, making in situ recovery unfeasible. By contrast, alkaline stimulation disrupts host–guest recognition, and subsequent intramolecular motion of [2]rotaxane dissipate energy to eliminate wrinkles gradually. The always intact network allows for the in situ recovery of surface microstructures. The responsive behaviors of quadruple H-bonding and mechanical bond are orthogonal, and their combination leads to wrinkles with multiple but accurate responsiveness.
Circulating KRAS G12D but not G12V is associated with survival in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Till Jacob E. , McDaniel Lee , Chang Changgee , Long Qi , Pfeiffer Shannon M. , Lyman Jaclyn P. , Padrón Lacey J. , Maurer Deena M. , Yu Jia Xin , Spencer Christine N. , Gherardini Pier Federico , Da Silva Diane M. , LaVallee Theresa M. , Abbott Charles , Chen Richard O. , Boyle Sean M. , Bhagwat Neha , Cannas Samuele , Sagreiya Hersh , Li Wenrui , Yee Stephanie S. , Abdalla Aseel , Wang Zhuoyang , Yin Melinda , Ballinger Dominique , Wissel Paul , Eads Jennifer , Karasic Thomas , Schneider Charles , O’Dwyer Peter , Teitelbaum Ursina , Reiss Kim A. , Rahma Osama E. , Fisher George A. , Ko Andrew H. , Wainberg Zev A. , Wolff Robert A. , O’Reilly Eileen M. , O’Hara Mark H. , Cabanski Christopher R. , Vonderheide Robert H. , Carpenter Erica L.
Published: July 2024

While high circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels are associated with poor survival for multiple cancers, variant-specific differences in the association of ctDNA levels and survival have not been examined. Here we investigate KRAS ctDNA (ctKRAS) variant-specific associations with overall and progression-free survival (OS/PFS) in first-line metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) for patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy (“PRINCE”, NCT03214250), and an independent cohort receiving standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy. For PRINCE, higher baseline plasma levels are associated with worse OS for ctKRAS G12D (log-rank p = 0.0010) but not G12V (p = 0.7101), even with adjustment for clinical covariates. Early, on-therapy clearance of G12D (p = 0.0002), but not G12V (p = 0.4058), strongly associates with OS for PRINCE. Similar results are obtained for the SOC cohort, and for PFS in both cohorts. These results suggest ctKRAS G12D but not G12V as a promising prognostic biomarker for mPDAC and that G12D clearance could also serve as an early biomarker of response.
MAGinator enables accurate profiling of de novo MAGs with strain-level phylogenies
Authors: Zachariasen Trine , Russel Jakob , Petersen Charisse , Vestergaard Gisle A. , Shah Shiraz , Atienza Lopez Pablo , Passali Moschoula , Turvey Stuart E. , Sørensen Søren J. , Lund Ole , Stokholm Jakob , Brejnrod Asker , Thorsen Jonathan
Published: July 2024

Metagenomic sequencing has provided great advantages in the characterisation of microbiomes, but currently available analysis tools lack the ability to combine subspecies-level taxonomic resolution and accurate abundance estimation with functional profiling of assembled genomes. To define the microbiome and its associations with human health, improved tools are needed to enable comprehensive understanding of the microbial composition and elucidation of the phylogenetic and functional relationships between the microbes. Here, we present MAGinator, a freely available tool, tailored for profiling of shotgun metagenomics datasets. MAGinator provides de novo identification of subspecies-level microbes and accurate abundance estimates of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). MAGinator utilises the information from both gene- and contig-based methods yielding insight into both taxonomic profiles and the origin of genes and genetic content, used for inference of functional content of each sample by host organism. Additionally, MAGinator facilitates the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships between the MAGs, providing a framework to identify clade-level differences.
Topologically controlled synthesis of active colloidal bipeds
Authors: Elschner Jonas , Farrokhzad Farzaneh , Kuświk Piotr , Urbaniak Maciej , Stobiecki Feliks , Akhundzada Sapida , Ehresmann Arno , de las Heras Daniel , Fischer Thomas M.
Published: July 2024

Topological growth control allows to produce a narrow distribution of outgrown colloidal rods with defined and adjustable length. We use an external magnetic field to assemble paramagnetic colloidal spheres into colloidal rods of a chosen length. The rods reside above a metamorphic hexagonal magnetic pattern. The periodic repetition of specific loops of the orientation of an applied external field renders paramagnetic colloidal particles and their assemblies into active bipeds that walk on the pattern. The metamorphic patterns allow the robust and controlled polymerization of single colloids to bipeds of a desired length. The colloids are exposed to this fixed external control loop that causes multiple simultaneous responses: Small bipeds and single colloidal particles interpret the external magnetic loop as an order to walk toward the active zone, where they assemble and polymerize. Outgrown bipeds interpret the same loop as an order to walk away from the active zone. The topological transition occurs solely for the growing biped and nothing is changed in the environment nor in the magnetic control loop. As in many biological systems the decision of a biped that reached its outgrown length to walk away from the reaction site is made internally, not externally.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) protects human multiple myeloma cells from ferroptosis by maintaining cholesterol homeostasis
Authors: Xian Miao , Wang Qiang , Xiao Liuling , Zhong Ling , Xiong Wei , Ye Lingqun , Su Pan , Zhang Chuanchao , Li Yabo , Orlowski Robert Z. , Zhan Fenghuang , Ganguly Siddhartha , Zu Youli , Qian Jianfei , Yi Qing
Published: July 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM patients with aggressive progression have poor survival, emphasizing the urgent need for identifying new therapeutic targets. Here, we show that the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1), a transmembrane receptor conducting negative immune response, is a top-ranked gene associated with poor prognosis in MM patients. LILRB1 deficiency inhibits MM progression in vivo by enhancing the ferroptosis of MM cells. Mechanistic studies reveal that LILRB1 forms a complex with the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and LDLR adapter protein 1 (LDLRAP1) to facilitate LDL/cholesterol uptake. Loss of LILRB1 impairs cholesterol uptake but activates the de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis, leading to the decrease of anti-ferroptotic metabolite squalene. Our study uncovers the function of LILRB1 in regulating cholesterol metabolism and protecting MM cells from ferroptosis, implicating LILRB1 as a promising therapeutic target for MM patients.
Metabolic reprograming mediated by tumor cell-intrinsic type I IFN signaling is required for CD47-SIRPα blockade efficacy
Authors: Zhou Hang , Wang Wenjun , Xu Hairong , Liang Yong , Ding Jiyu , Lv Mengjie , Ren Boyang , Peng Hua , Fu Yang-Xin , Zhu Mingzhao
Published: July 2024

Type I interferons have been well recognized for their roles in various types of immune cells during tumor immunotherapy. However, their direct effects on tumor cells are less understood. Oxidative phosphorylation is typically latent in tumor cells. Whether oxidative phosphorylation can be targeted for immunotherapy remains unclear. Here, we find that tumor cell responsiveness to type I, but not type II interferons, is essential for CD47-SIRPα blockade immunotherapy in female mice. Mechanistically, type I interferons directly reprogram tumor cell metabolism by activating oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production in an ISG15-dependent manner. ATP extracellular release is also promoted by type I interferons due to enhanced secretory autophagy. Functionally, tumor cells with genetic deficiency in oxidative phosphorylation or autophagy are resistant to CD47-SIRPα blockade. ATP released upon CD47-SIRPα blockade is required for antitumor T cell response induction via P2X7 receptor-mediated dendritic cell activation. Based on this mechanism, combinations with inhibitors of ATP-degrading ectoenzymes, CD39 and CD73, are designed and show synergistic antitumor effects with CD47-SIRPα blockade. Together, these data reveal an important role of type I interferons on tumor cell metabolic reprograming for tumor immunotherapy and provide rational strategies harnessing this mechanism for enhanced efficacy of CD47-SIRPα blockade.
Synergism of primary and secondary interactions in a crystalline hydrogen peroxide complex with tin
Authors: Medvedev Alexander G. , Egorov Pavel A. , Mikhaylov Alexey A. , Belyaev Evgeny S. , Kirakosyan Gayane A. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Filippov Oleg A. , Belkova Natalia V. , Shubina Elena S. , Brekhovskikh Maria N. , Kirsanova Anna A. , Babak Maria V. , Lev Ovadia , Prikhodchenko Petr V.
Published: July 2024

Despite the significance of H2O2-metal adducts in catalysis, materials science and biotechnology, the nature of the interactions between H2O2 and metal cations remains elusive and debatable. This is primarily due to the extremely weak coordinating ability of H2O2, which poses challenges in characterizing and understanding the specific nature of these interactions. Herein, we present an approach to obtain H2O2–metal complexes that employs neat H2O2 as both solvent and ligand. SnCl4 effectively binds H2O2, forming a SnCl4(H2O2)2 complex, as confirmed by 119Sn and 17O NMR spectroscopy. Crystalline adducts, SnCl4(H2O2)2·H2O2·18-crown-6 and 2[SnCl4(H2O2)(H2O)]·18-crown-6, are isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction, providing the complete characterization of the hydrogen bonding of H2O2 ligands including geometric parameters and energy values. DFT analysis reveals the synergy between a coordinative bond of H2O2 with metal cation and its hydrogen bonding with a second coordination sphere. This synergism of primary and secondary interactions might be a key to understanding H2O2 reactivity in biological systems.
Context-invariant beliefs are supported by dynamic reconfiguration of single unit functional connectivity in prefrontal cortex of male macaques
Authors: Noel Jean-Paul , Balzani Edoardo , Savin Cristina , Angelaki Dora E.
Published: July 2024

Natural behaviors occur in closed action-perception loops and are supported by dynamic and flexible beliefs abstracted away from our immediate sensory milieu. How this real-world flexibility is instantiated in neural circuits remains unknown. Here, we have male macaques navigate in a virtual environment by primarily leveraging sensory (optic flow) signals, or by more heavily relying on acquired internal models. We record single-unit spiking activity simultaneously from the dorsomedial superior temporal area (MSTd), parietal area 7a, and the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Results show that while animals were able to maintain adaptive task-relevant beliefs regardless of sensory context, the fine-grain statistical dependencies between neurons, particularly in 7a and dlPFC, dynamically remapped with the changing computational demands. In dlPFC, but not 7a, destroying these statistical dependencies abolished the area’s ability for cross-context decoding. Lastly, correlational analyses suggested that the more unit-to-unit couplings remapped in dlPFC, and the less they did so in MSTd, the less were population codes and behavior impacted by the loss of sensory evidence. We conclude that dynamic functional connectivity between neurons in prefrontal cortex maintain a stable population code and context-invariant beliefs during naturalistic behavior.
Deoxycholic acid inducing chronic atrophic gastritis with colonic mucosal lesion correlated to mucosal immune dysfunction in rats
Authors: Cheng Yuqin , Wang Shuaishuai , Zhu Wenfei , Xu Zijing , Xiao Ling , Wu Jianping , Meng Yufen , Zhang Junfeng , Cheng Chun
Published: July 2024

The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of bile reflux-inducing chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) with colonic mucosal lesion. The rat model of CAG with colonic mucosal lesion was induced by free-drinking 20 mmol/L sodium deoxycholate to simulate bile reflux and 2% cold sodium salicylate for 12 weeks. In comparison to the control group, the model rats had increased abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes but had decreased abundances of Proteobacteria and Fusobacterium. Several gut bacteria with bile acids transformation ability were enriched in the model group, such as Blautia, Phascolarctobacter, and Enterococcus. The cytotoxic deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were significantly increased in the model group. Transcriptome analysis of colonic tissues presented that the down-regulated genes enriched in T cell receptor signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, and intestinal immune network for IgA production in the model group. These results suggest that bile reflux-inducing CAG with colonic mucosal lesion accompanied by gut dysbacteriosis, mucosal immunocompromise, and increased gene expressions related to repair of intestinal mucosal injury.
Three-dimensional convolutional neural network-based classification of chronic kidney disease severity using kidney MRI
Authors: Nagawa Keita , Hara Yuki , Inoue Kaiji , Yamagishi Yosuke , Koyama Masahiro , Shimizu Hirokazu , Matsuura Koichiro , Osawa Iichiro , Inoue Tsutomu , Okada Hirokazu , Kobayashi Naoki , Kozawa Eito
Published: July 2024

A three-dimensional convolutional neural network model was developed to classify the severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Dixon-based T1-weighted in-phase (IP)/opposed-phase (OP)/water-only (WO) imaging. Seventy-three patients with severe renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, CKD stage G4–5); 172 with moderate renal dysfunction (30 ≤ eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, CKD stage G3a/b); and 76 with mild renal dysfunction (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, CKD stage G1–2) participated in this study. The model was applied to the right, left, and both kidneys, as well as to each imaging method (T1-weighted IP/OP/WO images). The best performance was obtained when using bilateral kidneys and IP images, with an accuracy of 0.862 ± 0.036. The overall accuracy was better for the bilateral kidney models than for the unilateral kidney models. Our deep learning approach using kidney MRI can be applied to classify patients with CKD based on the severity of kidney disease.
Experimental study of the effects of the void located at the pile tip on the load capacity of rock-socketed piles
Authors: Zhao Xiaolin , Melentijevic Svetlana , Shen Yupeng , Sun Zengkui , Wang Kaiyuan , Xu Jincui , Li Zhiqiang
Published: July 2024

To address the design challenge of the rock-socketed piles posed by the void located below the pile tip, the physical laboratory model tests were designed and performed to simulate rock socketed piles using similar materials. The study investigates the behavior of the single pile under axial loading with the void located at varying distances from the pile tip. Through multi-level load tests, the variations of unit pile side friction, pile tip resistance, pile axial force and pile settlement are obtained for different positions of the void from the pile tip, as well as after grouting. Its comparison to the rock-socketed pile without void is performed as a reference to quantify the reduction in its bearing capacity. The results are presented in the form of graphs for different void positions and its grouting shows the influence on pile bearing capacity and emphasizes the importance of its detailed cautious investigation and introduction in the analysis. The 2D finite element modeling of the model pile-the void based on ABAQUS is performed to further investigate the influence of the void below pile tip on the bearing capacity of model pile, applying the Mohr Coulomb model as the constitutive model of rock mass behavior. The critical distance of the void below the pile tip is determined.
Preparation of 3D printed silicon nitride bioceramics by microwave sintering
Authors: Zeng Xiaofeng , Sipaut Coswald Stephen , Ismail Noor Maizura , Liu Yuandong , Farm Yan yan , Peng Bo , He Jiayu
Published: July 2024

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a bioceramic material with potential applications. Customization and high reliability are the foundation for the widespread application of Si3N4 bioceramics. This study constructed a new microwave heating structure and successfully prepared 3D printed dense Si3N4 materials, overcoming the adverse effects of a large amount of 3D printed organic forming agents on degreasing and sintering processes, further improving the comprehensive performance of Si3N4 materials. Compared with control materials, the 3D printed Si3N4 materials by microwave sintering have the best mechanical performance: bending strength is 928 MPa, fracture toughness is 9.61 MPa·m1/2. Meanwhile, it has the best biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, and cells exhibit the best activity on the material surface. Research has shown that the excellent mechanical performance and biological activity of materials are mainly related to the high-quality degreasing, high cleanliness sintering environment, and high-quality liquid-phase sintering of materials in microwave environments.
Neural correlates of depression-related smartphone language use in adolescents
Authors: McNeilly Elizabeth A. , Teresi Giana I. , Coury Saché , Bajwa Zia , Kahn Lauren E. , Crowley Ryann , Allen Nicholas B. , Ho Tiffany C.
Published: July 2024

Magnetic resonance imaging has provided pathophysiological insights into adolescent depression but is a relatively inaccessible technology. Generating scalable indicators of depression that are informed by neuroscience is therefore critical for providing solutions that allow us to detect and treat this devastating disorder. In this preregistered study, we investigated whether passively acquired smartphone-based language usage represents such an indicator of depression and explored whether the neural correlates of depression mediate or moderate this association. Forty adolescents (ages 14–18 years) with (n = 26) and without (n = 14) depression completed clinical assessments and a resting-state fMRI scan, prior to downloading a passive mobile sensing app to their smartphones. Linguistic features derived from over 1.2 million words (319,364 messages) across all smartphone apps were used to examine word usage patterns. Independent components analysis followed by dual regression was used to derive intrinsic networks commonly associated with depression: central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN). Depression was associated with more negative emotion word usage and fewer future-focus word usage on a daily basis (all ps < 0.05). Higher depressive symptoms and brain networks DMN and CEN were associated with greater first-person pronoun usage (all ps < 0.04). Accounting for CEN connectivity amplified the positive association between depressive symptoms and first-person pronoun usage. Lower SN–CEN connectivity moderated the association between depression and negative emotion word usage. Depression in adolescents is associated with naturalistic language usage during smartphone activities and may represent neurocognitive biases that are candidate treatment targets for interventions.
The IRE1α/XBP1 signaling axis drives myoblast fusion in adult skeletal muscle
Authors: Joshi Aniket S , Tomaz da Silva Meiricris , Roy Anirban , Koike Tatiana E , Wu Mingfu , Castillo Micah B , Gunaratne Preethi H , Liu Yu , Iwawaki Takao , Kumar Ashok
Published: July 2024

Skeletal muscle regeneration involves a signaling network that regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of muscle precursor cells to injured myofibers. IRE1α, one of the arms of the unfolded protein response, regulates cellular proteostasis in response to ER stress. Here, we demonstrate that inducible deletion of IRE1α in satellite cells of mice impairs skeletal muscle regeneration through inhibiting myoblast fusion. Knockdown of IRE1α or its downstream target, X-box protein 1 (XBP1), also inhibits myoblast fusion during myogenesis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that knockdown of IRE1α or XBP1 dysregulates the gene expression of molecules involved in myoblast fusion. The IRE1α-XBP1 axis mediates the gene expression of multiple profusion molecules, including myomaker (Mymk). Spliced XBP1 (sXBP1) transcription factor binds to the promoter of Mymk gene during myogenesis. Overexpression of myomaker in IRE1α-knockdown cultures rescues fusion defects. Inducible deletion of IRE1α in satellite cells also inhibits myoblast fusion and myofiber hypertrophy in response to functional overload. Collectively, our study demonstrates that IRE1α promotes myoblast fusion through sXBP1-mediated up-regulation of the gene expression of multiple profusion molecules, including myomaker.
Biocatalysis in microfluidic systems: an experimental basis for data science
Authors: Woodley John M.
Published: July 2024

Accelerated development of new biocatalytic processes using data science from designed microfluidic experiments, aimed at scale-down exposure of enzyme variants to conditions mimicking those found in industrial processes.
Computational investigations of the metal/semiconductor NbS2/boron phosphide van der Waals heterostructure: effects of an electric field
Authors: Vinh Nguyen V. , Nguyen Son-Tung , Pham Khang D.
Published: July 2024

In this work, we design computationally the metal–semiconductor NbS2/BP heterostructure and investigate its atomic structure, electronic properties and contact barrier using first-principles prediction.
Magnetic anisotropy and slow relaxation of magnetisation in double salts containing four- and six-coordinate cobalt(ii) complex ions
Authors: Juráková Jana , Santana Vinicius Tadeu , Pavlik Ján , Moncoľ Ján , Nemec Ivan , Clemente-León Miguel , Kuppusamy Senthil Kumar , Ruben Mario , Čižmár Erik , Šalitroš Ivan
Published: July 2024

Four Co(ii) compounds [Co(Ln)2][Co(NCY)4] were prepared, structurally, spectrally and magnetically characterized. The magnetic anisotropy was studied in detail and AC susceptibility study revealed field-induced slow relaxation of magnetisation.
Elimination reactions in 1,4-diphosphinine chemistry: mixed-valence intermediates and 1,1- vs. 1,4-elimination pathways
Authors: Kalisch Tim , Terschüren Tatjana , Streubel Rainer
Published: July 2024

Addition of LiOH to I (E = S, N-nPr), followed by tautomerisation of the anionic intermediate to the P(O)H group is described. Subsequent protonation yielded II and (probably) III as highly reactive intermediates which eliminated water upon warming.
Heterostructure boosts a noble-metal-free oxygen-evolving electrocatalyst in acid
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Yunze , Wang Ying , Cho Junsic , Chan Ting-Shan , Ha Yang , Haw Shu-Chih , Kao Cheng-Wei , Wang Ziyi , Lei Jia , Ju Min , Tang Jiayi , Liu Tong , Zhao Siyuan , Dai Yawen , Baron-Wiechec Aleksandra , Chen Fu-Rong , Wang Wenxiong , Choi Chang Hyuck , Shao Zongping , Ni Meng
Published: July 2024

This work breaks the activity–stability trade-off of noble metal-free OER electrocatalysts and yields a record performance in acid.
Investigation of ultrasound processing for homogenisation of blackberry dairy-based beverages
Authors: Putsakum Gontorn , Rai Dilip K. , Tiwari Brijesh K. , O'Donnell Colm P.
Published: July 2024

Ultrasound (US) processing is a novel technology that has many potential applications in food processing.
Influence of surfactants on selective mechanical separation of fine active materials used in high temperature electrolyzers contributing to circular economy
Authors: Ahn Sohyun , Patil Suvarna , Rudolph Martin
Published: July 2024

The utilization of surfactant-based liquid–liquid separation processes offers a promising approach for the recycling of valuable fine particulates derived from HTEL cells.
Novel three-dimensional fibrous covalent organic frameworks constructed via silver amalgam bridging for efficient organic dye adsorption and removal
Authors: Leng Han , Xu Yulong , Xing Yanzhi , Sun Jingqi , Li Jiaxin , Guan Yufei , Zhang Yanfeng , Chen Xuwei
Published: July 2024

Highly stable 3D COF nanofiber was fabricated using silver amalgam as a bridging agent to assemble 1D-extended PA-COF modules into a tubular structure, which exhibit fast adsorption and superior adsorption capacity to cationic/anionic organic dyes.
Chromone–deferiprone hybrids as novel MAO-B inhibitors and iron chelators for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zou Da-Jiang , Liu Ren-Zheng , Lv Yang-Jing , Guo Jia-Nan , Fan Miao-Liang , Zhang Chang-Jun , Xie Yuan-Yuan
Published: July 2024

A chromone–deferiprone compound 25c was created as a promising lead for AD therapy, which displayed hMAO-B inhibition (IC50 = 1.58 μM), iron-chelating (pFe3+ = 18.79), antioxidant, anti-ferroptosis, and improving the cognitive impairment abilities.
Aggregation-induced emission polydithioacetals with pendant tetraphenylethylene groups for Hg2+ detection and removal
Authors: Gu Yu , Zhu Jianjian , Yuan Xingyu , Li Siyong , Zhao Zhongxiang , Lu Yanbing
Published: July 2024

A main chain polydithioacetal with pendant AIE-active TPE for the sensing and removal of Hg2+ ions in aqueous solution was synthesized via direct one-pot polycondensation.
Machine learning demonstrates the impact of proton transfer and solvent dynamics on CO2 capture in liquid ammonia
Authors: Calegari Andrade Marcos F. , Li Sichi , Pham Tuan Anh , Akhade Sneha A. , Pang Simon H.
Published: July 2024

Machine learning potentials combined with enhanced sampling methods and grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulations allow for accurate modeling of CO2 sorption into condensed-phase amines, highlighting the impact of proton transfer and solvent dynamics.
Exploring the influence of H-bonding and ligand constraints on thiolate ligated non-heme iron mediated dioxygen activation
Authors: Lundahl Maike N. , Greiner Maria B. , Piquette Marc C. , Gannon Paige M. , Kaminsky Werner , Kovacs Julie A.
Published: July 2024

The kinetics study herein experimentally demonstrates that an inner-sphere ET mechanism is involved in the conversion of triplet O2 into a powerful oxidant by an RS–Fe complex. Hydrogen-bond donors are shown to destabilize the transition-state.
Cu2+-integrated carbon dots as an efficient bioprobe for the selective sensing of guanine nucleobase
Authors: Chowdhury Monalisa , Basu Debolina , Das Prasanta Kumar
Published: July 2024

Copper (Cu2+)-doped carbon dots (CuCDs) were developed as a highly sensitive ratiometric blue fluorescence probe (λmax = 423 nm) for the selective detection of guanine both in vitro and within mammalian cells via a “fluorescence turn-on mechanism”.
A greener prescription: the power of natural organic materials in healthcare
Authors: Paulin João V.
Published: July 2024

Natural organic materials might offer a sustainable solution at the crossroads of technological progress and environmental degradation.
Electrochemical CO2 reduction on Pd-based electrodes: from mechanism understanding to rational catalyst design
Authors: Jiang Tian-Wen , Jiang Kun , Cai Wen-Bin
Published: July 2024

This review summarizes the progressive understanding of the mechanism of the Pd-catalyzed CO2 reduction reaction, together with recent advances in the rational design of Pd-based electrocatalysts.
Anti‐interference lithium‐ion battery intelligent perception for thermal fault detection and localization
Authors: Tian Luyu , Dong Chaoyu , Wang Rui , Mu Yunfei , Jia Hongjie
Published: July 2024

Lithium‐ion batteries are widely employed in electric vehicles, power grid energy storage, and other fields. Thermal fault diagnostics for battery packs is crucial to preventing thermal runaway from impairing the safe operation and extended cycle service life of batteries. Therefore, a lithium‐ion battery thermal fault diagnosis model based on deep learning algorithms is presented, which includes three parts: autoencoder denoising network, coarse mask generator, and mask precise adjustment. Autoencoder denoising network can reduce data noise during thermal imaging acquisition, improve the anti‐interference ability of diagnostic models, and ensure the accuracy of thermal runaway diagnosis. A two‐stage diagnostic structure is then formulated by the coarse mask generator and mask precise adjustment, which enable quick identification, categorisation, and localisation of thermal fault battery cells. According to the test results, the segmentation boundary is more distinct and is capable of matching the original image's level. The recognition accuracy of the thermal diagnosis model for faulty batteries is close to 100%. After denoising by the autoencoder, the prediction results improved by 22% compared to non‐local mean denoising and by about 32% compared to noisy images.
The politics of suspension suspended: the curious case of a cryopreserved cell product
Authors: Liburkina Ruzana
Published: July 2024

Following recent discussions around suspended life, this paper focuses on an endeavor that sought to arrest biological material in time and space and render it available on demand. It depicts the attempt to establish a collection of cryopreserved donated cells. The study offers rare insights into how this initiative was at odds with familiar politics significant in its field, those of innovation and preparedness, and therefore was suspended itself. In identifying parallels with accounts of unsuccessful biobanks, the paper makes a case for the analytical value of considering ill-fated projects of suspension along with those that prosper and attract public attention. The case of a novel cryo-collection, in particular, demonstrates how the idea and practice of suspension only gathers political momentum when it serves other well-established rationales. As such, it prompts two important conclusions. First, the power to arrest life as it comes with cryotechnologies is much more likely to unravel in entrenched constellations than to carry transformative or disruptive potential. Second, however, the paper also exemplifies that projects of suspension are not necessarily doomed to serve hegemonic ways of governing life. It advocates for preventing such mismatches from falling into oblivion.
Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae) shrub intrusion on wildlife foraging rangelands in the Ruaha National Park
Authors: Bukombe John , Kavana Pius , Marealle Wilfred , Sanare John , Wanzara Norbert , Sagari Wolfgang , Kiwango Halima , Efraim Joely , Mein’gataki Godwell Ole , Lobora Alex
Published: July 2024

The relationships between the encroachment of Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae) and understorey herbaceous cover and various environmental variables of recipient grasslands were studied in the north-eastern Ruaha National Park in southern Tanzania. Three hypotheses were investigated. (1) C. procera exerts a negative influence on the cover of understorey herbaceous plants. (2) C. procera exerts a negative influence on environmental variables (humidity, light intensity, soil pH, air temperature, and soil temperature). (3) The native shrub canopy exerts a negative influence on understorey herbaceous plant cover and the environmental variables. We identified two sampling areas, one encroached by C. procera, the other with only native tree/shrub species. In each area, 21 5 m × 5 m subplots were established, and within each, two 1 m × 1 m sample plots were established, one 20 cm from the stem of a C. procera or native trees/shrub, the other at 5 m distance, and herbaceous plant cover and environmental variables were measured. Variables were measured on three occasions (December 2022, March, and July 2023) on the 42 subplots in each sampling area. Results demonstrated a negative influence of C. procera on understorey herbaceous cover, with a significantly lower percentage (16 ± 1.7) of herbaceous cover for plots at 20 cm than 5 m (72.4 ± 1.4) from C. procera stems. Moreover, soil pH was significantly lower at 20 cm than at 5 m distance from the stems in the encroached area, whereas in the non-encroached area, there was no recorded difference in the environmental variables. These results emphasised the necessity for a prompt intervention to contain the spread of C. procera in suitable grazing areas. A detailed study to find out the most practical and cost-effective control approaches appears warranted.
Intratumoral NKT cell accumulation promotes antitumor immunity in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Li Jiayun , Moresco Philip , Fearon Douglas T.
Published: July 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a potentially lethal disease lacking effective treatments. Its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) allows it to evade host immunosurveillance and limits response to immunotherapy. Here, using the mouse KRT19-deficient (sgKRT19-edited) PDA model, we find that intratumoral accumulation of natural killer T (NKT) cells is required to establish an immunologically active TME. Mechanistically, intratumoral NKT cells facilitate type I interferon (IFN) production to initiate an antitumor adaptive immune response, and orchestrate the intratumoral infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. At the molecular level, NKT cells promote the production of type I IFN through the interaction of their CD40L with CD40 on myeloid cells. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of these observations, we find that administration of folinic acid to mice bearing PDA increases NKT cells in the TME and improves their response to anti-PD-1 antibody treatment. In conclusion, NKT cells have an essential role in the immune response to mouse PDA and are potential targets for immunotherapy.
Ca2+-triggered Atg11–Bmh1/2–Snf1 complex assembly initiates autophagy upon glucose starvation
Authors: Yao Weijing , Chen Yingcong , Zhang Yi , Zhong Shu , Ye Miaojuan , Chen Yuting , Fan Siyu , Ye Miao , Yang Huan , Li Yixing , Wu Choufei , Fan Mingzhu , Feng Shan , He Zhaoxiang , Zhou Long , Zhang Liqin , Wang Yigang , Liu Wei , Tong Jingjing , Feng Du , Yi Cong
Published: July 2024

Autophagy is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis. However, the mechanism by which cells sense and respond to glucose starvation to induce autophagy remains incomplete. Here, we show that calcium serves as a fundamental triggering signal that connects environmental sensing to the formation of the autophagy initiation complex during glucose starvation. Mechanistically, glucose starvation instigates the release of vacuolar calcium into the cytoplasm, thus triggering the activation of Rck2 kinase. In turn, Rck2-mediated Atg11 phosphorylation enhances Atg11 interactions with Bmh1/2 bound to the Snf1–Sip1–Snf4 complex, leading to recruitment of vacuolar membrane-localized Snf1 to the PAS and subsequent Atg1 activation, thereby initiating autophagy. We also identified Glc7, a protein phosphatase-1, as a critical regulator of the association between Bmh1/2 and the Snf1 complex. We thus propose that calcium-triggered Atg11–Bmh1/2–Snf1 complex assembly initiates autophagy by controlling Snf1-mediated Atg1 activation in response to glucose starvation.