bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Loading Distribution on the Performance of Transonic High Pressure Turbine Blades
Authors: Corriveau D. , Sjolander S. A.
Published: June 2004

Midspan measurements were made in a transonic wind tunnel for three high pressure turbine blade cascades at design incidence. The baseline profile is the midspan section of a high pressure turbine blade of fairly recent design. It is considered mid-loaded. To gain a better understanding of blade loading limits and the influence of loading distributions, the profile of the baseline airfoil was modified to create two new airfoils having aft-loaded and front-loaded pressure distributions. Tests were performed for exit Mach numbers between 0.6 and 1.2. In addition, measurements were made for an extended range of Reynolds numbers for constant Mach numbers of 0.6, 0.85, 0.95, and 1.05. At the design exit Mach number of 1.05, the aft-loaded airfoil showed a reduction of almost 20% in the total pressure losses compared with the baseline airfoil. However, it was also found that for Mach numbers higher than the design value the performance of the aft-loaded blade deteriorated rapidly. The front-loaded airfoil showed generally inferior performance compared with the baseline airfoil.
Flutter of Low Pressure Turbine Blades With Cyclic Symmetric Modes: A Preliminary Design Method
Authors: Kielb Robert , Barter Jack , Chernycheva Olga , Fransson Torsten
Published: June 2004

A current preliminary design method for flutter of low pressure turbine blades and vanes only requires knowledge of the reduced frequency and mode shape (real). However, many low pressure turbine (LPT) blade designs include a tip shroud that mechanically connects the blades together in a structure exhibiting cyclic symmetry. A proper vibration analysis produces a frequency and complex mode shape that represents two real modes phase shifted by 90 deg. This paper describes an extension to the current design method to consider these complex mode shapes. As in the current method, baseline unsteady aerodynamic analyses must be performed for the three fundamental motions, two translations and a rotation. Unlike the current method work matrices must be saved for a range of reduced frequencies and interblade phase angles. These work matrices are used to generate the total work for the complex mode shape. Since it still only requires knowledge of the reduced frequency and mode shape (complex), this new method is still very quick and easy to use. Theory and an example application are presented.
Nonlinear dynamics theory of stochastic layers in Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Luo Albert CJ
Published: June 2004

This article reviews the history and recent development of the nonlinear dynamics theory of the stochastic layer in nonlinear Hamiltonian systems. The exponentially small splitting of separatrix, standard and whisker map approaches, Chirikov overlap criterion, renormalization group technique, and incremental energy method are presented herein for analytic predictions of the onset of resonance in stochastic layers. An energy spectrum technique is also presented for the numerical prediction of such an onset, and the numerical computation of stochastic layer widths is introduced as well. Some technical problems in this area are pointed out. The objective of this review is to excite more research in nonlinear dynamic systems. There are 47 references cited in this review article.
Microscale pumping technologies for microchannel cooling systems
Authors: Singhal, Vishal , Garimella, Suresh V , Raman Arvind
Published: June 2004

A review of the state of the art in micropumping technologies for driving fluid through microchannels is presented with a particular emphasis on small-scale cooling applications. An extensive variety of micropumping techniques developed over the past fifteen years in the literature is reviewed. The physical principles, engineering limitations, and advantages of approximately twenty different kinds of micropumps are reviewed. The available micropumping techniques are compared quantitatively, primarily in terms of the maximum achievable flow rate per unit cross-sectional area of the microchannel and the maximum achievable back pressure. A concise table is developed to facilitate the convenient comparison of the micropumps based on different criteria including their miniaturization potential, size (in-plane and out-of-plane), actuation voltage and power required per unit flow rate, ease and cost of fabrication, minimum and maximum frequency of operation, and suitability for electronics cooling. Some important performance characteristics of the micropumps, which are likely to be decisive for specific applications, are also discussed. The current state of the art in micropump design and fabrication is also comprehensively reviewed. There are 171 references cited in this review article.
Effect of Tip Gap and Squealer Geometry on Detailed Heat Transfer Measurements Over a High Pressure Turbine Rotor Blade Tip
Authors: Nasir Hasan , Ekkad Srinath V. , Kontrovitz David M. , Bunker Ronald S. , Prakash Chander
Published: June 2004

The present study explores the effects of gap height and tip geometry on heat transfer distribution over the tip surface of a HPT first-stage rotor blade. The pressure ratio (inlet total pressure to exit static pressure for the cascade) used was 1.2, and the experiments were run in a blow-down test rig with a four-blade linear cascade. A transient liquid crystal technique was used to obtain the tip heat transfer distributions. Pressure measurements were made on the blade surface and on the shroud for different tip geometries and tip gaps to characterize the leakage flow and understand the heat transfer distributions. Two different tip gap-to-blade span ratios of 1% and 2.6% are investigated for a plane tip, and a deep squealer with depth-to-blade span ratio of 0.0416. For a shallow squealer with depth-to-blade span ratio of 0.0104, only 1% gap-to-span ratio is considered. The presence of the squealer alters the tip gap flow field significantly and produces lower overall heat transfer coefficients. The effects of different partial squealer arrangements are also investigated for the shallow squealer depth. These simulate partial burning off of the squealer in real turbine blades. Results show that some partial burning of squealers may be beneficial in terms of overall reduction in heat transfer coefficients over the tip surface.
Predicting Skin Friction and Heat Transfer for Turbulent Flow Over Real Gas Turbine Surface Roughness Using the Discrete Element Method
Authors: McClain Stephen T. , Hodge B. Keith , Bons Jeffrey P.
Published: June 2004

The discrete element method considers the total aerodynamic drag on a rough surface to be the sum of shear drag on the flat part of the surface and the form drag on the individual roughness elements. The total heat transfer from a rough surface is the sum of convection through the fluid on the flat part of the surface and the convection from each of the roughness elements. The discrete element method has been widely used and validated for predicting heat transfer and skin friction for rough surfaces composed of sparse, ordered, and deterministic elements. Real gas turbine surface roughness is different from surfaces with sparse, ordered, and deterministic roughness elements. Modifications made to the discrete element roughness method to extend the validation to real gas turbine surface roughness are detailed. Two rough surfaces found on high-hour gas turbine blades were characterized using a Taylor-Hobson Form Talysurf Series 2 profilometer. Two rough surfaces and two elliptical-analog surfaces were generated for wind tunnel testing using a three-dimensional printer. The printed surfaces were scaled to maintain similar boundary layer thickness to roughness height ratio in the wind tunnel as found in gas turbine operation. The results of the wind tunnel skin friction and Stanton number measurements and the discrete element method predictions for each of the four surfaces are presented and discussed. The discrete element predictions made considering the gas turbine roughness modifications are within 7% of the experimentally measured skin friction coefficients and are within 16% of the experimentally measured Stanton numbers.
Aberration of light in a uniformly moving optical medium
Authors: Gjurchinovski Aleksandar
Published: June 2004

The transverse Fresnel–Fizeau light drag in the presence of a nondispersive homogeneous optical medium in uniform rectilinear motion is explained by using a simple Huygens’ construction. As a consequence of the motion of the medium, the wavefront of every individual secondary wavelet is an ellipse partially dragged by the moving medium. The resulting formula agrees with the experiment by Jones in the early 1970s and with Fresnel’s formula for transverse light drag.
AAO nanopore arrays: A practical entrée to nanostructures
Authors: Knaack S. A. , Redden M. , Onellion M.
Published: June 2004

We discuss the fabrication of anodized aluminum nanopore arrays by electrochemical means using inexpensive and readily available equipment. The arrays of pores exhibit short-range hexagonal order, with diameters ranging from ∼7 nm to hundreds of nanometers. The pore diameter and spacing are varied by changing the anodization conditions. We have used nanopore arrays to fabricate arrays of bismuth nanowires and as masks for x-ray lithography.
Discovery of a Compact Radio Component in the Center of Supernova 1986J
Authors: Bietenholz Michael F. , Bartel Norbert , Rupen Michael P.
Published: June 2004

Very-long-baseline interferometry observations have revealed a bright, compact radio component near the center of the expanding shell of supernova 1986J. The component, not present in earlier images, has an inverted radio spectrum different from that of the shell. Such an inversion has not been seen in the spectrum of any other supernova. The new component is likely radio emission associated either with accretion onto a black hole or with the nebula formed around an energetic young neutron star in the center of SN 1986J, which would directly link either a black hole or a neutron star to a modern supernova.
ALGEBRAIC APPROACH TO THE N-BODY LONG RANGE SCATTERING
Authors: DEREZIŃSKI JAN
Published: June 2004

It is proven that if J, h are bounded continuous functions and H is an N-body Schrödinger operator then there exists [Formula: see text]. Limits of this form are used to study the N-body long range scattering.
DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL GEOMETRY OF GRASSMANN ALGEGRAS
Authors: COQUEREAUX R. , JADCZYK A. , KASTLER D.
Published: June 2004

We give a self-contained exposition of the differential geometry of Grassmann algebras. We also study elementary properties of these algebras from the point of view of Hochschild and cyclic cohomologies.
VARYING ALPHA IN COSMOLOGY
Authors: BARROW JOHN D.
Published: June 2004

We review some properties of a class of cosmological models which incorporate space and time variations of α in the light of recent observations.
ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS
Authors: SOKOLSKY PIERRE
Published: June 2004

We describe the current status of the High Resolution Fly's Eye detector. Recent results indicate that the UHE cosmic ray spectrum exhibits significant structure near 1019 eV. A few events are seen beyond 1020 eV in contradiction to the AGASA ground array claim of no cut-off. The composition of the cosmic rays is found to change from a predominantly heavy to a predominantly light mixture between and 1017 and 1018 eV. No evidence for anisotropy, on either small scales or large scales is found, in contradiction to AGASA. Systematic errors and absolute energy scale issues are now being carefully considered to see how to partially resolve this discrepancy. A new experiment(FLASH) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) to measure the Nitrogen fluorescence efficiency more precisely is described.
COSMOLOGICAL PERTURBATIONS: MYTHS AND FACTS
Authors: STEINHARDT PAUL J.
Published: June 2004

We discuss (and debunk) ten common myths about cosmological perturbations in inflationary and ekpyrotic/cyclic models and their implications for future observations.
THE GRAVITON AND THE NATURE OF DARK ENERGY
Authors: ZEE A.
Published: June 2004

I discuss various thoughts, old and new, about the cosmological constant (or dark energy) paradox. In particular, I suggest the possibility that the cosmological "constant" may decay as [Formula: see text], where τ is the age of the universe.
THE AMIBA PROJECT
Authors: HO PAUL T. P. , CHEN MINGTANG , CHIUEH TZI-DAR , CHIUEH TZIHONG , CHU TAH-HSIUNG , JIANG HOMIN , KOCH PATRICK , KUBO DEREK , LI CHAO-TE , KESTEVEN MICHAEL , LIN KAI-YANG , LIU GUO-CHIN , LO KWOK-YUNG , MA CHENG-JIUN , MARTIN ROBERT N. , NG KIN-WANG , NISHIOKA HIROAKI , PATT FERDINAND , PETERSON JEFFREY B. , RAFFIN PHILIPPE , WANG HUEI , HWANG YUH-JING , UMETSU KEIICHI , WU JIUN-HUEI PROTY
Published: June 2004

The Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy is a 7-element interferometer to be sited on Mauna Loa, Hawaii. The seven 1.2m telescopes are mounted on a 6-meter platform, and operates at 3mm wavelength. At the time of this meeting, the telescope is under construction at the Vertex factory in Germany. It is due to be delivered in the middle of 2004. A 2-element prototype instrument has already been deployed to Mauna Loa where initial tests are underway.
THE PRIMEVAL STRUCTURE TELESCOPE
Authors: PETERSON JEFFERY B. , PEN UE-LI , WU XIANG-PING
Published: June 2004

The PrimevAl Structure Telescope (PAST), will be used to locate and study the era the of the first luminous objects, the epoch of reionization. The first stars ionized the gas around them producing a pattern of ionization that reflects the large scale density structure present at the time. The PAST array will be used to sense and study this ionization, by mapping the brightness of 21 cm neutral Hydrogen Cosmic Background (HCB) at redshift from 6 to 25. The HCB disappears on ionization, allowing the study of large scale structure and of star formation at this very early epoch.
THE VERY SMALL ARRAY: LATEST RESULTS AND FUTURE PLANS
Authors: GRAINGE KEITH
Published: June 2004

The VSA is an aperture synthesis array dedicated to measuring anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). It has observed in two configurations to measure the CMB power spectrum from ℓ=150–1600, detecting the first three acoustic peaks at good signal-to-noise. We now plan to enhance the telescope to allow observation at higher ℓ. This will allow measurement of the fourth and subsequent peaks and will allow us to break degeneracies that exist at present between cosmological parameters. In addition we will investigate the excess power detected by CBI at ℓ > 2000 and will conduct high-sensitivity searches for topological defects.
SEARCHING FOR COSMIC STRINGS IN THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND: AN AMIBA EXAMPLE
Authors: WU JIUN-HUEI PROTY
Published: June 2004

The role of cosmic defects in cosmology is entering its new phase—as a test for several fundamental physics, including unification theories and inflation. We discuss how to use the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) to detect cosmic strings, a type of cosmic defects, and how to use this result to constrain the underlying physics. In particular, we use the simulations for the Array for Microwave Background Anisotropy (AMiBA) to demonstrate the power of this approach. The required resolution and sensitivity in such a method are discussed, and so is the possible scientific impact.
SIMULATION OF A COMBINED SZE AND WEAK LENSING CLUSTER SURVEY FOR AMIBA EXPERIMENT
Authors: UMETSU KEIICHI , CHIUEH TZIHONG , LIN KAI-YANG , WU JUN-MEIN , TSENG YAO-HUAN
Published: June 2004

We present simulations of interferometric Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) and optical weak lenisng observations for the forthcoming AMiBA experiment, aiming at searching for high-redshift clusters of galaxies. On the basis of simulated sky maps, we have derived theoretical halo number counts and redshift distributions of selected halo samples for an AMiBA SZE survey and a weak lensing follow-up survey. By utilizing the conditional number counts of weak lensing halos with the faint SZE detection, we show that a combined SZE and weak lensing survey can gain an additional fainter halo sample at a given false positive rate, which cannot be obtained from either survey alone.
INTERFEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF ANNULUS-FILTERED POLARIZATIONS PATTERNS IN THE CMB
Authors: MA CHENG-JIUN , CHIUEH TZIHONG
Published: June 2004

Due to the finite-size beam, interferometry observations of the CMB polarization tend to measure a mixture of E and B modes arising from uw-space smearing. We propose an interferometry observation strategy that can disentangle the polarization E and B modes in a clean manner. This strategy employs a similar principle as that of the single-dish observation proposed earlier, but requiring additional linear combinations of signals measured from different baselines. In this work, we consider a hexagonally packed interferometry array as an example to demonstrate the ultility and efficiency of the proposed method. The measurement from a unit cell of equilateral triangular baselines in interferometry measurement is found to be comparable to that from a single dish in single-dish measurements.
CLUSTERS IN PREHEATING SIMULATION AND ITS EFFECT ON CMB SPECTRUM
Authors: LIN KAI-YANG , WOO TAK-PONG , TSENG YAO-HUAN , LIN LIHWAI , CHIUEH TZIHONG
Published: June 2004

We report an instantaneous heating scheme at z=2 that can produce bound objects obeying the observed mass-temperature and luminosity-temperature relations. Such heating reduces the Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) flux by a factor 3–2 on scale of 4–6 arcminutes. It exacerbates the need for the matter-fluctuation normalization to σ8 to assume an exceedingly high value (~1.2), if the several-arcminute excess anisotropy detected by the CBI experiment is entirely caused by the SZ effect of inter-galactic hot gas. By contrast, we find that the several-arcminute excess detected by ACBAR can be consistent with the preheated SZ signals of σ8=1.
SELF-TUNING OF COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT AND EXIT FROM INFLATION
Authors: KIM JIHN E.
Published: June 2004

I review the recent 5D self-tuning solutions of the cosmological constant problem, and try to unify two cosmological constant problems within the framework of the self-tuning solutions. One problem, the large cosmological constant needed for inflation, is interpreted by starting with the parameters allowing only the dS vacuum, and the vanishing cosmological constant at a true vacuum is realized by changing parameters by exit from inflation at the brane such that the self-tuning solution is allowed.
PLANCK-SIZE BLACK HOLE REMNANTS AS DARK MATTER
Authors: CHEN PISIN
Published: June 2004

While there exist various candidates, the nature of dark matter remains unresolved. Recently it was argued that the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) may prevent a black hole from evaporating completely, and as a result there should exist a Planck-size black hole remnant (BHR) at the end of its evaporation. If a sufficient amount of small black holes can be produced in the early universe, then the resultant BHRs can be an interesting candidate for DM. We demonstrate that this is indeed the case for the hybrid inflation model. By assuming BHR as DM, our notion imposes a constraint on the hybrid inflation potential. We show that such a constraint is not so fine-tuned. Possible observational signatures are briefly discussed.
PHASE TRANSITIONS, DOMAIN WALLS, AND DARK MATTER
Authors: HWANG W-Y. P.
Published: June 2004

We discuss possible roles in the Early Universe of the electroweak (EW) phase transition, which endows masses to the various particles, and the QCD phase transition, which gives rise to quark confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. Both phase transitions are well-established phenomena in the standard model of particle physics. Presumably, the EW phase transition would have taken place in the early universe at around 10-11sec, or at the temperature of about 300 GeV while QCD phase transition occurred between 10-5sec and 10-4sec, or at about 150 MeV. In this article, I wish to model the EW or QCD phase transition in the early universe as driven by a complex scalar field with spontaneous symmetry breaking such that the continuous degeneracy of the true ground states can be well represented. Specific interest has been directed to nucleation of domains, production of domain walls, and subsequent re-organization of domain walls resulting in "domain-wall nuggets". It is suggested that the domain-wall nuggets contribute to dark matter in the present Universe.
THE IMPRINT OF DARK ENERGY
Authors: CALDWELL ROBERT
Published: June 2004

Diverse cosmological observations indicate the existence of dark energy, comprising ~ 70% of the total cosmic energy density and driving the accelerated cosmic expansion. Possible explanations for the dark energy include a cosmological constant and quintessence — a time-varying, inhomogeneous field with negative pressure. In this article we summarize how the dark energy imprints features on the cosmic microwave background. Observation of these features could be useful in discriminating amongst various theories, and could reveal clues as to the nature of the dark energy.
PROBING STRINGS FROM THE SKY
Authors: SHIU GARY
Published: June 2004

We discuss several possibilities of probing string theory through cosmology, e.g., the imprints of short distance physics on CMB anisotropies, the signatures of brane inflationary models, and the cosmological constraints on D-matter.
PROPERTIES OF GALAXY CLUSTERS IN COSMOLOGIES WITH DARK ENERGY
Authors: DOLAG KLAUS , BARTELMANN MATTHIAS , MOSCARDINI LAURO , PERROTTA FRANCESCA , BACCIGALUPI CARLO , MENEGHETTI MASSIMO , TORMEN GIUSEPPE
Published: June 2004

We study the concentration parameters, their mass dependence and redshift evolution, of dark-matter halos in different dark-energy cosmologies with constant and time-variable equation of state, and compare them with "standard" ΛCDM and OCDM models. The dependence of averaged halo concentrations on mass and redshift permits a simple fit of the form (1+z)c=c0(M/M0)α, with α≈-0.1 throughout. We find that the cluster concentration depends on the dark energy equation of state at the cluster formation redshift z coll through the linear growth factor D+(z coll ). As a simple correction accounting for dark-energy cosmologies, we propose scaling c0 from ΛCDM with the ratio of linear growth factors, c0→c0D+(z coll )/D+, ΛCDM (z coll ).
ARC STATISTICS WITH NUMERICAL CLUSTER MODELS IN DARK ENERGY COSMOLOGIES
Authors: MENEGHETTI MASSIMO , DOLAG KLAUS , TORMEN GIUSEPPE , BARTELMANN MATTHIAS , MOSCARDINI LAURO , PERROTTA FRANCESCA , BACCIGALUPI CARLO
Published: June 2004

We perform a set of ray-tracing simulations, using numerical cluster models, aiming at evaluating how the galaxy cluster efficiency for producing strong lensing events changes in different cosmological models with dark energy. The sample of investigated clusters for which we present our results here is composed by 7 dark matter halos. Each of them was simulated in 8 different cosmological models with constant and time-variable equation of state of dark energy. For all the clusters in the sample, we have measured the lensing cross sections for producing giant arcs, i.e. arcs having a minimum length-to-width ratio. We find that the lensing cross section for giant arcs is sensitive to the equation of state of quintessence. Indeed, the optical depth, which can be translated into a number of arcs by multiplying by the correct density of source galaxy on the sky, spans more than one order of magnitude among different cosmological models.
LIMIT ON THE TIME VARIATION OF THE FINE STRUCTURE CONSTANT DRIVEN BY QUINTESSENCE
Authors: LEE WOLUNG , NG KIN-WANG , LEE DA-SHIN
Published: June 2004

We study the time variation of the fine structure constant driven by quintessential dark energy which is coupled to electromagnetism. By employing phenomenological quintessential models which provide the scalar field with maximal dynamics and satisfy the constraints from SNIa observations and the WMAP, we show that the fifth force experiments restrict the variation of the value of α at the decoupling epoch with respect to the present-day value from being less than about 0.1%.
COSMIC ACCELERATION AND M THEORY COSMOLOGY
Authors: NEUPANE ISHWAREE P.
Published: June 2004

This is a short overview of spatially flat (or open) four-dimensional accelerating cosmologies for some simple exponential potentials obtained by string or M theory compactification on some non-trivial curved spaces, which may lead to some striking results, e.g., the observed cosmic acceleration and the scale of the dark energy from first principles.
THE ICECUBE NEUTRINO TELESCOPE
Authors:   for the IceCube collaboration, YOSHIDA SHIGERU
Published: June 2004

The IceCube Neutrino Telescope, a huge Neutrino Telescope with 1 cubic km instrumented volume, starts construction in 2004. The project status and the expected sensitivity and performance for detecting high energy cosmic neutrinos are reported. Preliminary results based on AMANDA experience without taking into account IceCube's new digital technology indicate a sensitivity to a diffuse muon neutrino energy flux of 10-8 GeV/cm2 sr sec. Proposed models for GRB emission should be observable in less than one year. The capability of EHE neutrino detection is also briefly mentioned.
VERY HIGH ENERGY PARTICLE ASTRONOMY WITH ALL-SKY SURVER HIGH RESOLUTION AIR-SHOWER DETECTOR
Authors:   On behalf of the Ashra collaboration., SASAKI MOKOTO
Published: June 2004

The Ashra detector consists of 3 observational stations installed on the grid of 30-40km distance on the mountains on the Hawaii Big Island, which ensures a large target mass for neutrinos and a large effective aperture for UHECR. An observational station is composed of 12 wide-angle high-precision telescopes, which can completely cover allsky view. In realizing the telescope design, we newly apply the following techniques matured in the other fields: 1) Baker-Nunn optics optimized to keep better than 1 arcmin. resolution in 50° field of view, 2) Electro-static lens image-intensifier tube (IIT) with the resolution matched with that of the above optics, 3) Gated IIT with a fast image shutter, and 4) CMOS image sensor which reads triggered images out of the above IIT.

These novel techniques allow us an excellent opportunity for simultaneous observation of air fluorescence and Cerenkov lights with 1 arcmin. resolution in entirely all sky. This will open an interesting field, "Observational Particle Astronomy" by continuously observing TeV gamma-rays, VHE-neutrinos, Knee-CR, and EHECR with the energies from TeV to ZeV in all sky.
PEV COSMIC NEUTRINOS FROM THE MOUNTAINS
Authors:   The NuTel Collaboration., YEH P. , ATHAR H. , LA BARBERA N. , BOUAISSI S. , CATALANO O. , CUSUMANO G. , CHI Y. , HOU W.-S. , HSIUNG Y. B. , HSU C.-C. , HUANG M. A. , LEARNED J. G. , LIN G.-L. , MINEO T. , SACCO B. , SASAKI M. , SHIU J.-G. , TSENG J.-J. , UENO K. , VANNUCCI F. , VELIKZHANIN Y. , WANG M.-Z.
Published: June 2004

The NuTel collaboration is building a wide field-of-view Čerenkov telescope to be installed on a mountain site for observing near horizontal air showers emerging from another mountain. Cosmic tau neutrinos is the primary source of such showers. This technique will be realized for the first time in the ντ energy range of 2 PeV to 1000 PeV. The telescope has enough sensitivity to observe cosmic neutrinos from sources like Active Galactic Nuclei and Galactic Center assuming fluxes from current theoretical models.
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY DETECTING EARTH-SKIMMING NEUTRINOS?
Authors: LIN GUEY-LIN
Published: June 2004

In this talk, we elaborate the strategy for detecting the Earth-skimming tau neutrinos. We first show that there are non-negligible astrophysical tau neutrino fluxes due to neutrino flavor oscillations. We then illustrate the idea of detecting Earth-skimming tau neutrinos. In particular, we point out that the tau-lepton flux resulting from neutrino-nucleon scatterings inside the earth is controlled by the tau-lepton range. We demonstrate this observation by showing the tau-lepton flux induced by the GZK tau-neutrino flux. The question on the energy resolutions of tau neutrinos in this detection strategy is briefly discussed.
THE INTERPLAY OF ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS AND EXTRA DIMENSIONS
Authors: GU JE-AN
Published: June 2004

Regarding ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) as a probe and extra dimensions as a possible ingredient of the fantastic ultrahigh- energy world, we discuss possible interplay between them. On the one hand small extra dimensions and KK bursts present a feasible way to the origin of UHECRs. On the other hand large extra dimensions may change various interactions between particles at ultrahigh energies and therefore impact on air showers created by UHECRs. Conversely, UHECR data may tell us secrets veiled in extra dimensions.
CONSTRAINING SHDM MODEL OF UHECR WITH SUGAR DATA
Authors: KIM HANG BAE
Published: June 2004

We focus on the arrival direction distributions of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) in search of their possible origins. Models which associate the origin of UHECR with decays of relic superheavy dark matter particles (SHDM) predict the anisotropy of UHECR flux toward the Galactic center. We use the existing SUGAR data, which cover the Galactic center, to look for such a signal and limit the fraction of UHECR produced by this mechanism.
NEUTRINO ASTROPHYSICS
Authors: HENLEY ERNEST M.
Published: June 2004

We first give a review of solar neutrinos, followed by an analysis of atmospheric neutrinos. Finally, we discuss neutrinos in cosmology and ultra high energy neutrinos.
TERRESTRIAL, ASTROPHYSICAL AND COSMOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF A BACKGROUND NEUTRINO DENSITY
Authors: McKELLAR B H J , GARBUTT M , GOLDMAN T , STEPHENSON G J
Published: June 2004

We discuss the implications of a new scalar field coupled to neutrinos.
NEUTRINO PROPERTIES FROM HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICAL NEUTRINOS
Authors: PAKVASA SANDIP
Published: June 2004

It is shown how high energy neutrino beams from very distant sources can be utilized to yield information about properties of neutrinos such as lifetimes and the possible mass hierarchy.Furthermore, mixing elements such as Ue3 and the CPV phase in the neutrino mixing matrix can be determined in principle. Pseudo-Dirac mass differences as small as 10-18eV2 can be probed as well.
ATMOSPHERIC AND GALACTIC TAU NEUTRINOS
Authors: ATHAR H.
Published: June 2004

Neutrinos with energy greater than GeV are copiously produced in the p(A,p) interactions occurring in the earth atmosphere and in our galactic plane. A comparison of the tau and mu neutrino flux in the presence of neutrino oscillations from these two astrophysical sites is presented. It is pointed out that the galactic plane tau neutrino flux dominates over the downward going atmospheric tau neutrino flux at much lower energy value than that for the dominance of the mu neutrino flux from these two sites. Future prospects for possible observations of galactic tau neutrino flux are also briefly mentioned.
NON-ABELIAN DYNAMICS IN FIRST-ORDER COSMOLOGICAL PHASE TRANSITIONS
Authors: JOHNSON MIKKEL B. , KISSLINGER L. S. , HENLEY E. M. , HWANG W-Y. P. , STEVENS T.
Published: June 2004

Bubble collisions in cosmological phase transitions are explored, taking the non-abelian character of the gauge fields into account. Both the QCD and electroweak phase transitions are considered. Numerical solutions of the field equations in several limits are presented.
HIGGS MASS FROM A CASIMIR ENERGY INDUCED COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT IN THE STANDARD MODEL
Authors: HE XIAO-GANG
Published: June 2004

Casimir vacuum energy is divergent. It needs to be regularized. The regularization introduces a renormalization scale which may lead to a scale dependent cosmological constant. We show that the requirement of physical cosmological constant is renormalization scale independent provides important constraints on possible particle contents and their masses in particle physics models. In the Standard Model of strong and electroweak interactions, besides the Casimir vacuum energy there is also vacuum energy induced from spontaneous symmetry breaking. The requirement that the total vacuum energy to be scale independent dictates the Higgs mass to be [Formula: see text] where the summation is over fermions and Ni equals to 3 and 1 for quarks and leptons, respectively. The Higgs mass is predicted to be approximately 382 GeV.
COSMOLOGICAL PERTURBATIONS IN GENERALIZED GRAVITY THEORIES
Authors: NOH HYERIM , HWANG JAI-CHAN
Published: June 2004

We present cosmological perturbation theory based on generalized gravity theories including string correction terms as well as a tachyonic complication. The classical evolution as well as the quantum generation processes in these variety of gravity theories are presented in unified forms. These apply both to the scalar- and tensor-type perturbations.
THE TEXONO RESEARCH PROGRAM ON NEUTRINO AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
Authors: WONG HENRY TSZ-KING
Published: June 2004

This article reviews the research program and efforts for the TEXONO Collaboration on neutrino and astro-particle physics. The core program is on reactor-based low energy neutrino physics at the Kuo-Sheng (KS) Power Plant in Taiwan. The facilities of the laboratory is described. A limit on the neutrino magnetic moment of [Formula: see text] at 90% confidence level was derived from measurements with a high purity germanium detector. Other physics topics at KS, as well as the various R&D program, are discussed.
EFFECTIVE FIELD THEORY IN NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS
Authors: CHEN JIUNN-WEI
Published: June 2004

In this talk I review some general ideas of effective field theory and give examples of high precision calculations which have astrophysical applications. The examples are np→dγ for big-bang nucleosynthesis and νd inelastic scattering relevant for the solar neutrino detection processes employed by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory.
SQUEEZED QUANTUM STATE IN INFLATION WITH TRANS-PLANCKIAN CUTOFF
Authors: KOH SEOKTAE
Published: June 2004

The fields, created from quantum fluctuations during inflation era, are known to be in squeezed quantum states. And recent studies show that the Planck scale physics can have observable cosmological effects. We investigate here how the squeezed quantum states are influenced by the trans-Planckian cutoff which modifies the dispersion relation on subhorizon scales, and calculate the particle production at the end of the inflation.
DECAYING SUPERHEAVY DARK MATTER AND THE CUSP HALO PROBLEM
Authors: CHOU CHUNG-HSIEN , NG KIN-WANG
Published: June 2004

We show that the idea that CDM are decaying superheavy particles which produce UHECR with energies beyond the GZK cutoff may simultaneously solve the problem of subgalactic structure formation in CCDM model. In particular, the Kuzmin-Rubakov's decaying superheavy CDM model may give an explanation to the smallness of the cosmological constant and a new thought to the CDM experimental search.
AFFLECK-DINE BARYOGENESIS IN A STRING MODEL
Authors: DOLGOV ALEXANDER D. , KOHRI KAZUNORI , SETO OSAMU , YOKOYAMA JUN'ICHI
Published: June 2004

Entropy production by a dilaton decay is studied in the model where the dilaton acquires potential via gaugino condensation in the hidden gauge group. Its effect on the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis is investigated. It is shown that the baryon asymmetry produced by this mechanism with the higher-dimensional terms is diluted by the dilaton decay and can be regulated to the observed value.
A NEW SEARCH FOR A PERMANENT DIPOLE MOMENT OF THE ELECTRON IN A SOLID STATE SYSTEM
Authors: LIU C.-Y. , LAMOREAUX S. K.
Published: June 2004

Measurements of the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron and the electron put the most stringent constraints on new sources of CP violation. CP violation is essential for generating the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU). Many models which propose large CP-odd mechanisms for BAU predict EDMs that exceed the limits of the most sensitive measurements. We are conducting a high sensitivity search for the electron EDM using a solid state system. It promises orders of magnitude improvement over atomic beam experiments solely from the available electron density. We present the experimental design and report on the current status.
NEUTRINO MAGNETIC MOMENT RESULTS AT THE KUO-SHENG NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Authors:   on behalf of the TEXONO Collaboration., LI HAU-BIN , WONG HENRY T.
Published: June 2004

A search of neutrino magnetic moment was carried out at the Kuo-Sheng Nuclear Power Station at a distance of 28 m from the 2.9 GW reactor core. With a high purity germanium detector of mass 1.06 kg surrounded by scintillating NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) crystals as anti-Compton detectors, a detection threshold of 5 keV and a background level of 1 kg -1 kev -1 day -1 at 12-60 keV were achieved. Based on 4712 and 1250 hours of Reactor ON and OFF data, respectively, the limits on the neutrino magnetic moment of [Formula: see text] at 90(68)% confidence level were derived. Indirect bounds of the [Formula: see text] radiative lifetime of [Formula: see text] can be inferred. The present status and future plans are discussed.
DUALITY SYMMETRY IN KALUZA–KLEIN (n+D+d)-DIMENSIONAL COSMOLOGICAL MODEL
Authors: NIETO J. A. , VELARDE O. , YEE C. M. , RYAN M. P.
Published: June 2004

It is shown that, with the only exception of n=2, the Einstein–Hilbert action in n+D+d dimensions, with n times, is invariant under the duality transformation [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where a is a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker scale factor in D dimensions and b a Brans–Dicke scalar field in d dimensions respectively. We investigate the (2+D+d)-dimensional cosmological model in some detail.
THE SELF-ENERGY OF A CHARGED PARTICLE IN THE PRESENCE OF A TOPOLOGICAL DEFECT DISTRIBUTION
Authors: DE M. CARVALHO A. M. , MORAES FERNANDO , FURTADO CLAUDIO
Published: June 2004

In this work, we study a charged particle in the presence of both a continuous distribution of disclinations and a continuous distribution of edge dislocations in the framework of the geometrical theory of defects. We obtain the self-energy for a single charge both in the internal and external regions of either distribution. For both distributions, the result in the outside region is the self-energy that a single charge experiments in the presence of a single defect.
ON THE DEFINITION OF COHERENCE MEASURE FOR FUZZY SETS
Authors: SANCHO-ROYO A. , VERDEGAY J. L.
Published: June 2004

Studying comparison methods for fuzzy sets is an essential task for the good understanding of the underlying theory in this field. Most of these tools deal with fuzzy sets from the view of similarity, order relationships and so forth. In this paper however, based on a former comparison measures introduced by the authors, the so called Coherence Measures, the extension and analysis of these tools to a measurable Lebesgue set X is carried out. Furthermore we present how coherence measures could be linked to the Fishburn-Yager's ambiguity measures. Besides, two methods for constructing coherence measures, one from ambiguity measures and another from metrics on Pf(X), the set of fuzzy sets on X, are shown and exemplified by a variety of measures and metrics. Finally some illustrative examples testing the coherence measures introduced are provided.
RIDGE REGRESSION PROCEDURES FOR FUZZY MODELS USING TRIANGULAR FUZZY NUMBERS
Authors: HONG DUG HUN , HWANG CHANGHA
Published: June 2004

This paper presents a new method of estimating fuzzy multivariable linear and nonlinear regression models using triangular fuzzy numbers. This estimation method is obtained by implementing a dual version of the ridge regression procedure for linear models. It allows us to perform fuzzy nonlinear regression by constructing a fuzzy linear regression in a high dimensional feature space for the data set with crisp inputs and fuzzy output. Experimental results are then presented, which indicate the performance of this algorithm.
DECISION MAKING BASED ON STATISTICAL DATA, SIGNED DISTANCE AND COMPOSITIONAL RULE OF INFERENCE
Authors: YAO JING-SHING , YU MING-MIIN
Published: June 2004

An assessment of a set of alternatives under certain evaluation criteria has difficulty in dealing with the priority of these alternatives, especially with a lack of precise information in an uncertain environment. Fuzzy numbers are usually applied to represent the imprecise numerical measurements of different alternatives. In this study statistical data are used to derive level (1-α,1-β) interval-valued fuzzy numbers to represent unknown alternative effectiveness scores, after which, by using the compositional rule of inference and signed distance to transform the fuzzy decision making problem into crisp one, one can conveniently obtain the order of these different alternatives and subsequently obtain the best alternative. The approach presented is computationally efficiency, and its underlying concepts are simple and comprehensible. By using this extended generalized method, two cases of an organizational type of rapid-transit-system selection problem are presented as examples to illustrate the applicability of the interval-valued fuzzy numbers and ranking system for decision making. The key contribution of the method is the seamless integration of the statistical data, interval-valued fuzzy number and signed distance to analyze multicriteria decision making problem. The innovation introduced in the model concerns interval-valued fuzzy number which is recognized as a determinant of the effectiveness score in fuzzy relation matrix.
HOW TO COPE WITH DIVISION PROBLEMS UNDER INTERVAL UNCERTAINTY OF CLAIMS?
Authors: BRANZEI RODICA , DIMITROV DINKO , PICKL STEFAN , TIJS STEF
Published: June 2004

The paper deals with division situations where individual claims can vary within closed intervals. Uncertainty of claims is removed by weighting in a consistent way the upper and lower bounds of the claim intervals. Deterministic division problems with the obtained compromise claims are then considered and classical division rules from the bankruptcy literature are used to generate several procedures leading to efficient and reasonable rules for division problems under interval uncertainty of claims.
FINITELY AND ABSOLUTELY NON IDEMPOTENT AGGREGATION OPERATORS
Authors: RICCI ROBERTO GHISELLI
Published: June 2004

This paper deals with the problem of establishing a new class of aggregation operators, which are close to the averaging, without being necessarily idempotent. An axiomatic approach is followed through the definition of crucial properties which characterize these aggregators, the mathematical consequences are illustrated and many examples that extend some important classical averaging operators are shown.
FITTING GENERATED AGGREGATION OPERATORS TO EMPIRICAL DATA
Authors: BELIAKOV GLEB , MESIAR RADKO , VALASKOVA LUBKA
Published: June 2004

This paper treats the problem of fitting general aggregation operators with unfixed number of arguments to empirical data. We discuss methods applicable to associative operators (t-norms, t-conorms, uninorms and nullnorms), means and Choquet integral based operators with respect to a universal fuzzy measure. Special attention is paid to k-order additive symmetric fuzzy measures.
RELATIVE SEMI-DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: MOLAEI M. R.
Published: June 2004

In this paper by using the relative fuzzy topology a new kind of dynamics is considered. A method for constructing relative semi-dynamical systems is presented. Relative fixed points and relative sinks are also studied. New results on invariant sets without any similarity in usual mathematics are deduced. Furthermore an extension of the notion of conjugate relation is presented.
FUZZY CHU SPACES AND FUZZY TOPOLOGIES
Authors: SRIVASTAVA ARUN K. , TIWARI S. P.
Published: June 2004

We show that each fuzzy (or in general L-) topological space can be represented as a fuzzy (or an L-) Chu space. Further, this representation preserves products, coproducts, tensor products, and hom-sets (together with the structures they are enriched with).
INTERVAL METHODS IN KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
Authors: KREINOVICH VLADIK
Published: June 2004

This section is maintained by Vladik Kreinovich. Please send your abstracts (or copies of papers that you want to see reviewed here) to vladik@cs.utep.edu, or by regular mail to: Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
EVALUATION OF THE FOLD LINE BY ASYMPTOTIC EXTRAPOLATION FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Authors: LOPEZ S. , OTRANTO E.
Published: June 2004

A technique for imperfection sensitivity analysis with reference to the geometrically nonlinear analysis of structures is presented. The paper discusses how detailed information on structural behavior can be obtained with less computational cost.

The imperfection sensitivity analysis of structures is carried out by detecting the critical states on the equilibrium path relating to the various imperfections. In fact we can investigate the behavior of imperfect structures without considering the imperfect equilibrium curve. In this work we obtained the fold line, the one-dimensional equilibrium subset of limit points relating to different values of imperfection, by asymptotic extrapolation from a known singular point. The evaluation of this singular point on the perfect equilibrium curve is carried out by a path-following algorithm. A procedure that overcomes the ill-conditioning of the systems defined in the critical points is described. This proves to be highly advantageous in terms of computational cost in comparison with classical methods of analysis.

The paper investigates the behavior of cylindrical shell. In particular the sensitivity analysis for load imperfections is carried out. The asymptotic extrapolation algorithm is also compared with continuation methods for the analysis of imperfect cylindrical shell.
ON CONCENTRATED MASSES AND STIFFNESSES IN STRUCTURAL THEORIES
Authors: LEUNG A. Y. T. , WANG D. J. , WANG Q.
Published: June 2004

Vibration of structures subjected to concentrated masses and stiffnesses is a popular topic of interest and significance in the mechanics community. Unfortunately, in vibration analysis of structures, the concentrated parameters such as masses, springs, and even supports are not permitted theoretically for some cases. In this paper, we prove that concentrated parameters are not admissible in vibration analysis for those structures whose static Green's functions have a singularity at the origin. The classes of structure include membranes, Mindlin plates and various theories of shells.
MUTUAL INFORMATION FOR EXAMINING CORRELATIONS IN DNA
Authors: BERRYMAN M. J. , ALLISON A. , ABBOTT D.
Published: June 2004

This paper examines two methods for finding whether long-range correlations exist in DNA: a fractal measure and a mutual information technique. We evaluate the performance and implications of these methods in detail. In particular we explore their use comparing DNA sequences from a variety of sources. Using software for performing in silico mutations, we also consider evolutionary events leading to long range correlations and analyse these correlations using the techniques presented. Comparisons are made between these virtual sequences, randomly generated sequences, and real sequences. We also explore correlations in chromosomes from different species.