bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ajustes posturais antecipatórios e compensatórios ao pegar uma bola em condição de estabilidade e instabilidade postural
Authors: Scariot Vanessa , Claudino Renato , Santos Eloá Cristhina dos , Rios Jaqueline Lourdes , Santos Marcio José dos
Published: October 2012

Indivíduos jovens pré-selecionam suas estratégias de ajuste postural antes que uma perturbação externa ocorra, com base nas características da tarefa. Entretanto, ainda não é bem conhecido de que maneira o sistema nervoso central lida com os ajustes posturais antecipatórios e compensatórios, mediante alguns treinos de equilíbrio que são comumente usados na prática clínica da Fisioterapia. Treze adultos jovens receberam 20 perturbações posturais externas de pegar uma bola arremessada pelo experimentador sobre condições de estabilidade e instabilidade postural (sobre uma espuma). As atividades eletromiográficas dos músculos tríceps braquial (músculo focal), retoabdominal e paravertebral lombar foram avaliadas nas janelas de tempo típicas dos ajustes posturais antecipatórios e compensatórios, assim como o pico do deslocamento do centro de pressão corporal após a perturbação. A magnitude das integrais da atividade eletromiográfica do músculo tríceps braquial foi significativamente menor em condição de instabilidade postural, não houve diferença estatística entre as condições para as integrais da atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos retoabdominal e paravertebral lombar. O pico do deslocamento anteroposterior do centro de pressão corporal foi similar entre as duas condições. Treino de equilíbrio associado à perturbação externa da postura sobre espuma pode não ser mais eficaz ou eficiente do que sobre uma superfície estável, quando se pretende alterar a atividade dos músculos posturais do tronco. Além disso, este tipo de intervenção pode corroborar para diminuir a ativação antecipatória (ajustes posturais antecipatórios) do músculo focal.
Prevalence of sport injuries during the 53th Regional Games in Franca (SP), Brazil
Authors: Quemelo Paulo Roberto Veiga , Coelho Almir Resende , Bachur José Alexandre , Morraye Mônica de Andrade , Zaia José Eduardo , Gadotti Inae
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study was to perform a survey about the prevalence, type and location of the injuries occurred in athletes of different modalities during the 53th Regional Games held in 2009. A total of 182 injured athletes being treated at the physical therapy clinic were included. Physical Therapy evaluation was performed to determine the anatomic location and type of injury, as well the sport modality. The results showed that mean age, height, weight and BMI were 23 years (±5.9), 1.73 m (±0.11), 71 kg (±14.22) and 24 kg/m² (±4) respectively. Proportionality to the number of athletes, handball athletes presented with higher number of injuries (4.25%), followed by indoor soccer players (3.7%), basketball (2.48%), volleyball (1.72%) and soccer (1.63%). The most common type of injury were sprains with 29.7% of cases (n=54) and mostly from soccer players; followed by contracture - 26.9% (n=49), mostly from basketball players; and contusion -25.8% (n=47), mostly from handball and indoor soccer players. The type of injury showed a significant association with the sports modality (p=0.0016). The lower limbs accounted for 71.4% of all injuries including knee (23.1%), ankle (18.1%), thigh (17.0%), leg (10.4%) and spine (9.9%). Preventive actions to avoid athletes' injury should be implemented in order to reduce the number of injuries in sports competitions such as in the Regional Games.
Influência da informação sensorial adicional no treinamento sensório-motor
Authors: Botelhos Daiany Cristiane , Bonfim Thatia Regina
Published: October 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do treinamento sensório-motor, com e sem a utilização de informação sensorial adicional do tipo tira subpatelar, no controle postural de indivíduos sadios. Trinta adultos jovens e sadios participaram deste estudo, divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: controle (GC), experimental sem informação sensorial adicional (GE) e experimental com informação sensorial adicional (GEI). Os participantes realizaram a tarefa de apoio monopodal, com olhos fechados, sobre uma plataforma de força, em duas condições sensoriais: 1) condição de informação normal - sem inclusão de informação sensorial adicional; e 2) condição de informação adicional - utilização de tira sub-patelar. A partir dos dados da plataforma de força foram calculadas as variáveis: amplitude e velocidade média de oscilação do centro de pressão (CP). Os participantes dos grupos experimentais realizaram dez sessões de treinamento sensório-motor com prancha de equilíbrio, com ou sem a utilização de informação sensorial adicional, de acordo o grupo definido. Os participantes dos grupos experimentais apresentaram redução da amplitude e velocidade média de oscilação do CP após o treinamento sensório-motor (p<0,05). Além disto, foi identificada diferença significante entre os grupos experimentais (p<0,05). Em conclusão, o treinamento sensório-motor melhora o controle postural de indivíduos sadios e estes efeitos são maximizados com a utilização de informação sensorial adicional.
Subjetividade e trabalho na sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Lopes Marcia Cavalcanti Raposo
Published: October 2012

Este trabalho busca problematizar a relação sujeito-trabalho na sociedade contemporânea. De início, analisa as configurações dessa relação na história do ocidente, em especial a partir do final do século XVII. Num segundo momento, discute as especificidades dos novos processos de trabalho que vêm se consolidando em quase todo o planeta. A partir desse exame, constrói-se uma análise sobre as diferentes implicações sociopolíticas e subjetivas desta nova realidade da organização produtiva capitalista.
As formas de aprendizagem mais significativas para os estudantes de enfermagem
Authors: Ferraz Lucimare , Krauzer Ivete Maroso , Silva Lurdes Chiossi da
Published: October 2012

Com o objetivo de conhecer as formas de aprendizagem mais significativas para os acadêmicos do curso de enfermagem de uma universidade situada na região Sul do Brasil, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa com 37 acadêmicos no período de maio a junho de 2007. Os dados, inicialmente, foram coletados por um instrumento contendo apenas uma questão norteadora: "Qual é a forma que você melhor aprende o conteúdo?"; em seguida, reuniu-se um grupo focal com nove discentes, onde foi discutida e aprofundada a temática. Os resultados deste estudo apontam que esses acadêmicos de enfermagem aprendem melhor o conteúdo por meio de atividades teórico-práticas; onde podemos inferir que a aprendizagem se torna significativa para o estudante na medida em que ele visualiza a sua aplicabilidade no cotidiano das atividades executadas pela enfermagem.
Práticas sociais de estudantes de medicina na universidade pública: celebrações, eventos e cidadania
Authors: Rocha Glória Walkyria de Fátima , Siqueira Vera Helena Ferraz de
Published: October 2012

Este artigo fundamenta-se em uma pesquisa empírica de cunho social em que são analisados os significados atribuídos por estudantes de medicina aos agrupamentos formados por eles próprios em uma universidade pública, indagando-se a partir daí sobre a relação desses espaços com o desenvolvimento da cidadania em uma sociedade de consumo na qual importantes deslocamentos estão ocorrendo. Obteve-se o material empírico através de observações em diversos cenários de convivência dos alunos e de entrevistas realizadas com estudantes de medicina, tendo como referencial teórico noções da educação crítica e do pós-estruturalismo. Os resultados revelam que são hegemônicas no espaço universitário festas e celebrações de grande visibilidade e de forte aspecto mercantilista. Também acontecem grupos de estudo, encontros religiosos, debates sobre afirmação da raça e da opção sexual, atividades comunitárias e científicas, porém com menor visibilidade e prestígio. Nesse contexto, o centro acadêmico e o centro esportivo, além das suas finalidades respectivas de engajamento político-estudantil e de organização de práticas esportivas, se constituem importantes espaços de convivência entre estudantes em diferentes períodos da graduação. Com base nesses resultados, discutimos o relacionamento a ser estabelecido entre esses espaços e o currículo universitário, tendo em vista valores de solidariedade, liberdade e deveres sociais.
Determinação, história e materialidade
Authors: Fontes Virgínia
Published: October 2012

O ensaio critica algumas modalidades de determinismo atualmente dominantes, fugindo do pensamento aleatório ou pós-moderno. Procuramos contribuir para a explicação objetiva, porém sensível, do mundo, de modo a manter aberta a intervenção efetiva e consciente no processo histórico. O argumento apresenta a contraposição paradoxal e dolorosa entre determinismo econômico e uma liberdade amputada que o acompanha e, em seguida, mostra como a reflexão marxiana permite superar os impasses nos quais recaíram tanto os deterministas naturalistas quanto os antideterministas pós-modernos. Essa superação exige a demonstração da historicidade constitutiva do processo de trabalho, tanto no seu viés ontológico (Lukacs) quanto no viés histórico (Marx), apontando para a materialidade efetiva das relações sociais como forma de distribuição dos seres singulares no conjunto das atividades da produção de sua existência social. Concluímos mostrando como a determinação, em Marx, não é redutora e, portanto, não repousa sobre um econômico entificado.
Caminhos para a integralidade na educação profissional técnica de nível médio em saúde
Authors: Abrahão Ana Lúcia , Cassal Luan Carpes Barros
Published: October 2012

A relação entre o profissional, com suas técnicas e saberes, e o usuário, com suas necessidades e o desejo de retornar a sua autonomia, é um dos espaços que pontua a integralidade na produção em saúde. Ambiente em que profissional e usuário têm poderes e autonomia e podem colaborar ou competir. O objetivo neste estudo é compreender e problematizar o termo 'integral' na educação profissional e na saúde. Este termo está relacionado a formas de se produzir saúde no interior dos serviços e à formação com acesso à totalidade dos saberes envolvidos no trabalho e na educação. Nesta perspectiva, utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica de base qualitativa, através de sucessivas leituras do material bibliográfico, elaborando uma discussão argumentativa entre os diferentes referenciais teóricos do campo da saúde e da educação. Ao fim, podemos identificar os distintos entrelaçamentos que constituem a integralidade integral na formação em saúde.
Os professores e seus mecanismos de fuga e enfrentamento
Authors: Santos Gideon Borges dos
Published: October 2012

A partir de exemplos concretos reunidos ao longo de dois anos de estudo sobre a saúde docente, este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre as estratégias que professores constroem para enfrentar as adversidades do cotidiano escolar. Com a utilização dos conceitos de saúde e da psicodinâmica do trabalho, busca-se refletir de que modo os docentes enfrentam adversidades como a não aprendizagem, o comportamento indisciplinado dos alunos, a falta de material didático-pedagógico e o cansaço ou a indisposição para ministrar as aulas. Essas estratégias - denominadas de enfrentamento e de fuga - que seriam, aparentemente, promotoras de aprendizagens, também são atividades que reduzem o desgaste dos professores, o que leva à banalização do processo educacional.
Economia popular e educação: percursos de uma cooperativa de reciclagem de lixo no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Santos Ana Maria Marques , Deluiz Neise
Published: October 2012

Este artigo busca analisar as práticas de uma cooperativa de reciclagem de lixo situada na Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, enfocando a organização e as relações de trabalho; os saberes produzidos nos processos de trabalho e as redes de ação coletiva estabelecidas com a comunidade. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas realizadas com os cooperados e suas lideranças e com os técnicos da ONG Autre Terre, que apoia o projeto. Os resultados da pesquisa qualitativa apontam que esta experiência de economia popular e solidária tornou-se uma alternativa de inclusão social, gerando trabalho e renda, além de saberes e valores, na perspectiva de uma educação popular crítica. Nas relações da cooperativa com a comunidade são estabelecidas redes de ação coletiva, resgatando-se o espaço público, no qual a publicização da diversidade de ideias e concepções pode viabilizar o exercício da cidadania.
Formação técnica de agente comunitário indígena de saúde: uma experiência em construção no Rio Negro
Authors: Garnelo Luiza , Rocha Esron , Peiter Paulo , Sampaio Sully , Santos Elciclei , Pontes Ana Lúcia , Stauffer Anakeila
Published: October 2012

Este relato descreve a experiência de formação técnica profissionalizante de 250 agentes comunitários indígenas de saúde vinculados ao Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena do Rio Negro, no estado do Amazonas. A iniciativa promove a elevação da escolaridade e o respeito às especificidades culturais dos alunos. Os eixos pedagógicos 'cultura', 'território', 'política', 'cuidado', 'informação', 'educação' e 'planejamento em saúde' estruturam uma matriz curricular operacionalizada por meio do ensino pela pesquisa, multilinguismo, multidisciplinaridade e intersetorialidade, em consonância com os princípios da educação escolar indígena, da atenção diferenciada à saúde dos povos indígenas e dos referenciais curriculares de formação técnica de agente comunitário de saúde. O processo pedagógico estimula a obtenção de habilidades e competências para diagnosticar e monitorar a situação de saúde e condições de risco e vulnerabilidade das populações indígenas rionegrinas, para subsidiar ações de prevenção, promoção, tratamento e reabilitação nas diversas fases da vida e desenvolver ação política e comunitária nas lutas pela melhoria da saúde. Resultados preliminares da experiência mostram o reconhecimento e fortalecimento do trabalho dos agentes indígenas de saúde, a melhoria da qualidade do trabalho em saúde na comunidade e a maior satisfação dos líderes do movimento indígena pela ampliação do acesso à educação qualificada e diferenciada.
Atributos de solo sob pastejo rotacionado em função da aplicação de cama de peru
Authors: Pinto Flávio Araújo , Santos Franciane Lemes dos , Terra Flávia Dias , Ribeiro Diego Oliveira , Sousa Renata Rodrigues Jardim , Souza Edicarlos Damacena de , Carneiro Marco Aurélio Carbone , Paulino Helder Barbosa
Published: October 2012

Adições de dejetos de aviário podem promover melhorias nos atributos biológicos, físicos e químicos do solo. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos de doses sequenciais de cama de peru nos atributos de solo sob pastejo rotacionado com Brachiaria decumbens L., em Portelândia (GO). O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcela subdividida, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos alocados nas parcelas foram doses de cama de peru [ausência de adubação; 8,7 Mg ha-1 (2008); 16,5 Mg ha-1 (2008 + 2009); 30,9 Mg ha-1 (2008 + 2009 + 2010)], sendo que as duas maiores doses resultaram do acúmulo das aplicações de dejeto. Como subparcelas, foram consideradas as profundidades amostradas (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm e 10-20 cm). Aplicações sequenciais de cama de peru promoveram melhorias na fertilidade do solo, com aumento de pH, P, K, saturação por bases e estoque de carbono orgânico, nitrogênio total e particulado e diminuição na saturação por alumínio. A aplicação de menores doses de cama de peru estimulou a atividade microbiana do solo, promovendo a mineralização da fração particulada da matéria orgânica, porém, não houve efeito na agregação do solo.
Secagem convencional de casca de mandioca proveniente de resíduos de indústria de amido
Authors: Vilhalva Divina Aparecida Anunciação , Soares Júnior Manoel Soares , Caliari Márcio , Silva Flávio Alves da
Published: October 2012

Cascas de mandioca provenientes de resíduos de fecularias são altamente perecíveis. A secagem apresenta-se como alternativa na armazenagem segura e livre do desenvolvimento de micro-organismos, para a produção de farinha com aplicabilidade na alimentação humana. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a cinética e modelagem da secagem de cascas de mandioca, utilizando-se planejamento experimental central composto rotacional. Foram realizados 11 testes, empregando-se diferentes temperaturas (53ºC, 55ºC, 60ºC, 65ºC e 67ºC) e fluxos de ar (0,0159 m³ kg-1 s-1; 0,0166 m³ kg-1 s-1; 0,0183 m³ kg-1 s-1; 0,0199 m³ kg-1 s-1; e 0,0206 m³ kg-1 s-1). A secagem foi realizada em secador convencional de bandejas, sendo determinados os tempos de secagem, parâmetros instrumentais de cor (luminosidade - L*; coordenadas a* e b*), acidez titulável e pH das amostras de farinha obtidas após moagem das cascas desidratadas de cada ensaio de secagem. Observou-se tendência ao clareamento do material, com o aumento da temperatura. Ocorreu pequena variação nos valores de acidez titulável e pH das amostras analisadas. A temperatura e a velocidade do ar influenciaram na cinética de secagem, pois, com o aumento de ambas, o tempo de secagem das cascas foi reduzido. O tempo mínimo de secagem (420 min.) foi obtido quando a temperatura do secador foi ajustada para 67ºC e o fluxo de ar para 0,0183 m³ kg-1 s-1. Este foi considerado o ajuste ideal, pois minimizou o tempo de processamento, sem alterar as características do produto. O modelo de Crank para geometria plana ajustou-se bem aos dados experimentais obtidos na secagem da casca de mandioca.
Potencial fisiológico de sementes de crambe em função de embalagens e armazenamento
Authors: Cardoso Rafael Brito , Binotti Flávio Ferreira da Silva , Cardoso Eliana Duarte
Published: October 2012

O crambe é uma leguminosa com alto potencial para produção de biodiesel, devido ao seu elevado teor de óleo nos grãos. Existe grande preocupação, quanto à manutenção da qualidade fisiológica da semente por tempo mais prolongado, por pequenos agricultores. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst), cultivar FMS Brilhante, em função de diferentes tipos de embalagem e armazenamento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, em Cassilândia (MS), entre 2010 e 2011. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x4, sendo constituído pela combinação de tipos de embalagem (testemunha, metálica, garrafa plástica tipo PET e caixa de isopor) e tempos de armazenamento (zero, três, seis e nove meses), com quatro repetições. A embalagem metálica proporcionou melhor preservação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de crambe, enquanto, para o aumento do tempo de armazenamento, este efeito foi negativo.
Caracterização agronômica e carpométrica de cultivares de oliveira
Authors: Silva Luiz Fernando de Oliveira da , Oliveira Adelson Francisco de , Pio Rafael , Zambon Carolina Ruiz
Published: October 2012

O cultivo de oliveira, no Brasil, é recente e os seus atributos produtivos, bem como cultivares disponíveis, ainda não são muito conhecidos. A caracterização agronômica e carpométrica dos frutos de diferentes cultivares são primordiais para o avanço da olivicultura brasileira. Este trabalho objetivou realizar a caracterização agronômica e carpométrica de 35 cultivares de oliveira. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (Epamig), em Maria da Fé (MG). Para a caracterização agronômica, foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, sendo uma planta por parcela, e a produção, produtividade, número de frutos por planta, seção de tronco, volume e superfície externa de copa foram avaliados. Para a caracterização carpométrica, foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 10 repetições, sendo um fruto ou caroço por parcela, e o comprimento, largura, massa e volume de frutos e caroços e, também, a relação polpa/caroço foram avaliados. As características agronômicas das plantas variaram entre as cultivares, com destaque para a Negroa, que apresentou maior produção (18,42 kg planta-1), produtividade (7,68 t ha-1) e número de frutos (9.399,08); MGS ASC322, com maior seção de tronco; MGS MISS293, com maior volume e superfície externa de copa; e MGS JB1, que apresentou maior relação superfície externa de copa/número de frutos. Quanto à carpometria, a MGS GRAP556 apresentou maiores dimensões de frutos e caroços e a MGS GRAP541 maior relação polpa/caroço.
Does coloniality improve foraging efficiency and nestling provisioning? A field experiment in the wild Zebra Finch
Authors: Mariette Mylene M. , Griffith Simon C.
Published: October 2012

The foraging benefits of coloniality, whereby colony members exchange information about food location, have been suggested as a primary factor influencing the evolution of coloniality. However, despite its longstanding popularity, this hypothesis has rarely been tested experimentally. Here, we conducted a field experiment in the wild Zebra FinchTaeniopygia guttatato test whether colonial birds are better at finding food than solitary individuals. We manipulated food patch location and directly measured foraging activity of many colonial and solitary parents at those patches using an electronic monitoring system. We provided nesting sites in excess to alleviate nest site competition and manipulated brood size to eliminate the possible correlation between brood size, nesting density, and individual quality (including foraging activity). We found that solitary birds found experimental food patches first, closely followed by colonial birds. Moreover, solitary parents adjusted the amount of food per nestling to experimental brood size, whereas colonial parents did not, although overall, nestlings were fed more per capita in colonial than in solitary nests. In addition, brood size and, to a lesser extent, nesting density negatively affected nestling growth. Therefore, with the effect of provisioning rate, sibling competition, and cost of coloniality combined, nestling mass was not affected by the brood manipulation in solitary nests, whereas nestlings were lighter in enlarged than in reduced broods in colonies. Our results therefore suggest that individuals settling in solitary nests were intrinsically better foragers and more optimal parents. While they do not invalidate the possibility of information transfer at colonies, our findings highlight the importance of considering settlement bias in future studies and add to the existing evidence that the effects of nesting density on fitness are both complex and multiple.
Effects of Different Methods of DNA Extraction for Activated Sludge on the Subsequent Analysis of Bacterial Community Profiles
Authors: Sun Lianpeng , Ouyang Xiong , Tang Yueheng , Yang Ying , Luo Ying
Published: October 2012

The effect of different DNA extraction protocols on activated sludge DNA yield and bacterial community composition was evaluated by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). Nine different procedures to extract DNA were compared—sonication (30s), sonication (40s), sonication (50s), freezing‐thawing, bead milling, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐lysozyme, SDS‐proteinase K, SDS‐lysozyme‐proteinase, and a commercial extraction kit. It was found that the TGGE profiles and the DNA band numbers made significant differences via various extraction methods. The yield and purity of DNA extracted by sonication and other physical methods were not satisfactory, while the DNA purity extracted by SDS and other chemical‐biological methods were better. Crude DNA extracts isolated by sonication and other physical methods passed the polymerase chain reaction, despite the absence of purification and acquired affluent DNA bands in TGGE. The affluence of bands in TGGE was not consistent with the yield and purification of DNA, but was correlative with extraction protocols. To analyze the activated sludge bacterial community by TGGE fingerprint, it is necessary to make a synthesis of the TGGE fingerprint profiles of chemical and physical DNA extraction methods to overcome the representative bias.
A Comparative Environmental Life‐Cycle Analysis for Removing Phosphorus from Wastewater: Biological versus Physical/Chemical Processes
Authors: Coats Erik R. , Watkins David L. , Kranenburg Dan
Published: October 2012

Phosphorus can be removed from wastewater biologically, chemically, or through a combination of the two. In this study, we applied environmental life‐cycle assessment to develop a metric with which decision‐makers can compare processes. Two phosphorus‐removal scenarios were contrasted—one based on a desktop‐level design and one based on full‐scale operational data. To achieve 0.5 mg/L effluent phosphorus (desktop design), a biological‐only process would incur 5.2% less effect on global warming potential, as contrasted with a chemical‐only process. At an effluent quality of 0.1 mg/L (full‐scale facilities), where a biological process augmented with chemicals was contrasted with a chemical‐only process, the relative gap increases to 13.2%. As chemical usage increased, the adverse environmental effect of chemical treatment only increased. The results of this study suggest that best practices would center phosphorus removal first on the biological process, with chemical processes added only as necessary.
Improving Nitrogen Removal in Two Modified Decentralized Wastewater Systems
Authors: Liang Zhihua , Quang Nguyen Huy , Das Atreyee , Hu Zhiqiang
Published: October 2012

Efficient nutrient removal in decentralized wastewater treatment systems is a challenging task. To improve the removal of organic matter and nitrogen from wastewater, two types of bioreactors using membrane‐aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) techniques were evaluated. During more than 250 days of continuous‐flow reactor operation, both reactors showed consistently high chemical oxygen demand removal (>86%). At an influent ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4+‐N) concentration of 30 mg N/L, the average effluent NH4+‐N concentrations were 6.2 and 0.5 mg N/L for the MABR and MFC reactor, respectively, while the effluent nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3−‐N) concentrations were 5.4 mg/L in the MABR and 19.2 mg/L in the MFC‐based reactor. The overall total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiencies were 64% and 36% for the MABR and MFC reactor, respectively. At the measured dissolved oxygen concentrations of 5.2 and 0.23 mg/L in the aerobic/anoxic zone of the MFC and MABR, respectively, a specific oxygen uptake rate of 0.1 g O2/g VSS·d, resulting from ammonia oxidation, was detected in the settled sludge of the MFC, while no nitrifying activity of the sludge from the MABR was detected. Molecular microbial analysis demonstrated a link between the bacterial community structure and nitrifying activity. The relatively high abundance of Nitrosomonas europaea was associated with its detectable nitrification activity in the settled sludge of the MFC. The results suggest that MABR and MFC techniques have the potential to improve organic and nitrogen removal in decentralized wastewater systems.
Integrated Physicochemical and Biological Treatment Process for Fluoride and Phosphorus Removal from Fertilizer Plant Wastewater
Authors: Gouider Mbarka , Mlaik Najwa , Feki Mongi , Sayadi Sami
Published: October 2012

The phosphate fertilizer industry produces highly hazardous and acidic wastewaters. This study was undertaken to develop an integrated approach for the treatment of wastewaters from the phosphate industry. Effluent samples were collected from a local phosphate fertilizer producer and were characterized by their high fluoride and phosphate content. First, the samples were pretreated by precipitation of phosphate and fluoride ions using hydrated lime. The resulting low‐ fluoride and phosphorus effluent was then treated with the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process to monitor the simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Phosphorus removal included a two‐stage anaerobic/aerobic system operating under continuous flow. Pretreated wastewater was added to the activated sludge and operated for 160 days in the reactor. The operating strategy included increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) from 0.3 to 1.2 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L·d. The stable and high removal rates of COD, NH4+‐N, and PO43−‐P were then recorded. The mean concentrations of the influent were approximately 3600 mg COD/L, 60 mg N/L, and 14 mg P/L, which corresponded to removal efficiencies of approximately 98%, 86%, and 92%, respectively.
Effect of Influent Nitrogen Speciation on Organic Nitrogen Occurrence in Activated Sludge Process Effluents
Authors: Pagilla K. , Sattayatewa C. , Urgun‐Demirtas M. , Baek S.
Published: October 2012

The effect of influent nitrogen composition on organic nitrogen production in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge process was investigated. A laboratory‐scale SBR was fed with three different type synthetic wastewaters with varying nitrogen compositions (phase I = nitriloacetic acid + ammonium [NH4‐N], phase II = NH4‐N, and phase III = amino acid mixture + NH4‐N) was operated. The effluent contained approximately 1 to 2 mg N/L organic nitrogen, even though there was no organic nitrogen in influent. The effluent organic nitrogen increased to approximately 4 mg N/L when the influent composition was changed and then stabilized at <2 mg N/L. The maximum nitrifier growth rate constants (μN) were calculated as 0.91±0.10 to 1.14±0.08 day−1, 0.82 ±0.13 day−1, and 0.89±0.08 day−1 at 20°C for the three different influent compositions. The effluent colloidal organic nitrogen (CON) was negligible, suggesting that the effluent CON found in full‐scale plants may be the result of influent‐derived suspended matter.
Hydraulic Response and Nitrogen Retention in Bioretention Mesocosms with Regulated Outlets: Part II—Nitrogen Retention
Authors: Lucas William C. , Greenway Margaret
Published: October 2012

We observed dissolved nitrogen retention in vegetated bioretention mesocosms using different media with varying hydraulic conductivities. Elevated outlets were installed to regulate hydraulic response, with one treatment left free draining. The treatments (three replicates each) were loaded weekly with 50 cm of effluent averaging 2.47 mg/L nitrogen oxides (NOx) and 4.67 mg/L total nitrogen for 1 year. The NOx and total nitrogen retention by the outlet regulated treatments was significantly greater than the unregulated treatment. The systems then were dosed 6 times with 53 cm of synthetic stormwater averaging 0.77 mg/L NOx and 1.46 mg/L total nitrogen, applied over 90 minutes. The outlet regulated treatment retained 68% NOx and 60% total nitrogen, while the corresponding free draining treatment retained 25% NOx and 27% total nitrogen. Over the following winter, the outlet regulated treatment retained 50% NOx and 73% total nitrogen, while the corresponding free draining treatment exported 17% more NOx, while retaining 50% total nitrogen.
Preliminary Findings on the Antimony Levels of Quiroga River Water in the Vicinity of a Long‐Abandoned Stibnite Mine
Authors: González‐Alvarez M.E. , Aboal‐Somoza M. , Bermejo‐Barrera P.
Published: October 2012

A UV‐Vis spectrophotometric method was developed as a preliminary approach to the determination of antimony in water samples from a river that flows very close to an abandoned mining site. The analyte is complexed with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and absorbance of the complex is measured at 291.06 nm. The standard additions method is mandatory in view of the matrix effect observed, and the response is linear at least up to 9.3 µg/mL of antimony. The sensitivity of the method is 2.609·10−2 mL/µg, whereas the limits of detection and quantification are, respectively, 0.2 and 0.6 µg/mL. The repeatability, expressed as mean relative standard deviation of the measurements within the calibration range, is 2.0%, whereas the repeatability of the entire procedure is 0.3%. The mean analytical recovery within the calibration range was 102.6%. The method was successfully applied to river water samples.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate Ions from Water Using Polyaniline Nanofibers Modified Gold Electrode
Authors: Olad Ali , Farshi Fahimeh , Ettehadi Jafar
Published: October 2012

Polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were electrochemically synthesized on gold electrode using ethanol as soft template by the cyclic voltammetry technique. The PANI nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV‐visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Linear sweep voltammetry was used to investigate electrocatalytic activity of the PANI nanofibers modified electrode toward the reduction of nitrate ions. Results showed that the electroreduction process strongly depends on the applied potential. At the potential value of about −0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl, the electroreduction of nitrate anions to nitrite anions was identified as the rate‐determining step of the electroreduction process. In the potential range of −0.8 to −1.0 V, reduction of nitrite to hydroxylamine occurs, followed by the reduction to ammonia. At potentials more negative than −1.0 V, nitrite is directly reduced to ammonia. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of PANI nanofibers modified electrode in the electroreduction of nitrate ions compared to traditional reduction methods.
Characteristics of Biosolids in Dimethyl Ether Dewatering Method
Authors: Oshita Kazuyuki , Takaoka Masaki , Nakajima Yusuke , Morisawa Shinsuke , Kanda Hideki , Makino Hisao , Takeda Nobuo
Published: October 2012

In this study, a method for removing water from biosolids that uses dimethyl ether (DME) as an extractant was considered. This study evaluates the applicability of the DME dewatering method to biosolid cakes by using a DME flow‐type experimental apparatus. It was found that a high dewatering ratio is clearly achieved by increasing the liquefied DME/biosolid ratio and lowering the liquefied DME linear velocity. As the liquefied DME/biosolid ratio was increased, the carbon content in dewatered biosolid showed a slight decrease and the TOC concentration in separated liquid increased significantly. Finally, the input energy Es to remove 1 kg of water from the biosolid cake, using both the DME dewatering method and the conventional drying method was estimated. The calculation shows that Es for the DME dewatering process is approximately a third of Es for the conventional thermal drying process.
Improving Nutrient Removal While Reducing Energy Use at Three Swiss WWTPs Using Advanced Control
Authors: Rieger Leiv , Takács Imre , Siegrist Hansruedi
Published: October 2012

Aeration consumes about 60% of the total energy use of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and therefore is a major contributor to its carbon footprint. Introducing advanced process control can help plants to reduce their carbon footprint and at the same time improve effluent quality through making available unused capacity for denitrification, if the ammonia concentration is below a certain set‐point. Monitoring and control concepts are cost‐saving alternatives to the extension of reactor volume. However, they also involve the risk of violation of the effluent limits due to measuring errors, unsuitable control concepts or inadequate implementation of the monitoring and control system. Dynamic simulation is a suitable tool to analyze the plant and to design tailored measuring and control systems. During this work, extensive data collection, modeling and full‐scale implementation of aeration control algorithms were carried out at three conventional activated sludge plants with fixed pre‐denitrification and nitrification reactor zones. Full‐scale energy savings in the range of 16‐20% could be achieved together with an increase of total nitrogen removal of 40%.
In Situ Electrophysiological Examination of Pancreatic α Cells in the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Model, Revealing the Cellular Basis of Glucagon Hypersecretion
Authors: Huang Ya-Chi , Rupnik Marjan S. , Karimian Negar , Herrera Pedro L. , Gilon Patrick , Feng Zhong-Ping , Gaisano Herbert Y.
Published: October 2012

Early-stage type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibits hyperglucagonemia by undefined cellular mechanisms. Here we characterized α-cell voltage-gated ion channels in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes model that lead to increased glucagon secretion mimicking T1D. GYY mice expressing enhanced yellow fluorescence protein in α cells were used to identify α cells within pancreas slices. Mice treated with low-dose STZ exhibited hyperglucagonemia, hyperglycemia, and glucose intolerance, with 71% reduction of β-cell mass. Although α-cell mass of STZ-treated mice remained unchanged, total pancreatic glucagon content was elevated, coinciding with increase in size of glucagon granules. Pancreas tissue slices enabled in situ examination of α-cell electrophysiology. α cells of STZ-treated mice exhibited the following: 1) increased exocytosis (serial depolarization-induced capacitance), 2) enhanced voltage-gated Na+ current density, 3) reduced voltage-gated K+ current density, and 4) increased action potential (AP) amplitude and firing frequency. Hyperglucagonemia in STZ-induced diabetes is thus likely due to increased glucagon content arising from enlarged glucagon granules and increased AP firing frequency and amplitude coinciding with enhanced Na+ and reduced K+ currents. These alterations may prime α cells in STZ-treated mice for more glucagon release per cell in response to low glucose stimulation. Thus, our study provides the first insight that STZ treatment sensitizes release mechanisms of α cells.
Proresolution Therapy for the Treatment of Delayed Healing of Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Tang Yunan , Zhang Michael J. , Hellmann Jason , Kosuri Madhavi , Bhatnagar Aruni , Spite Matthew
Published: October 2012

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are emerging global epidemics associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. A characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes is delayed wound healing, which increases the risk of recurrent infections, tissue necrosis, and limb amputation. In health, inflammation is actively resolved by endogenous mediators, such as the resolvins. D-series resolvins are generated from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and promote macrophage-mediated clearance of microbes and apoptotic cells. However, it is not clear how type 2 diabetes affects the resolution of inflammation. Here, we report that resolution of acute peritonitis is delayed in obese diabetic (db/db) mice. Altered resolution was associated with decreased apoptotic cell and Fc receptor–mediated macrophage clearance. Treatment with resolvin D1 (RvD1) enhanced resolution of peritonitis, decreased accumulation of apoptotic thymocytes in diabetic mice, and stimulated diabetic macrophage phagocytosis. Conversion of DHA to monohydroxydocosanoids, markers of resolvin biosynthesis, was attenuated in diabetic wounds, and local application of RvD1 accelerated wound closure and decreased accumulation of apoptotic cells and macrophages in the wounds. These findings support the notion that diabetes impairs resolution of wound healing and demonstrate that stimulating resolution with proresolving lipid mediators could be a novel approach to treating chronic, nonhealing wounds in patients with diabetes.
Physical Therapist Management of Patients With Ventricular Assist Devices: Key Considerations for the Acute Care Physical Therapist
Authors: Wells Chris L.
Published: October 2012

This article provides an overview of the utilization of ventricular assist devices (VADs), reviews the common features of VADs and management of VAD recipients, discusses clinical considerations in the rehabilitation process, and describes the role of the acute care physical therapist in the care of VAD recipients. With more than 5 million people in the United States with heart failure, and with a limited ability to manage the progressive and debilitating nature of heart failure, VADs are becoming more commonplace. In order to prescribe a comprehensive and effective plan of care, the physical therapist needs to understand the type and function of the VADs and the goals of the VAD program. The goals for the physical therapist are: (1) to deliver comprehensive rehabilitation services to patients on VAD support, (2) to develop an understanding of the role of functional mobility in recovery, and (3) to understand how preoperative physical function may contribute to the VAD selection process. The acute care physical therapist has an increasing role in providing a complex range of rehabilitation services, as well as serving as a well-educated resource to physical therapists across the health care spectrum, as more VAD recipients are living in the community.
Work Reintegration for Veterans With Mental Disorders: A Systematic Literature Review to Inform Research
Authors: Van Til Linda , Fikretoglu Deniz , Pranger Tina , Patten Scott , Wang JianLi , Wong May , Zamorski Mark , Loisel Patrick , Corbiére Marc , Shields Norman , Thompson Jim , Pedlar David
Published: October 2012

Background

Some veterans, and especially those with mental disorders, have difficulty reintegrating into the civilian workforce.

Purpose

The objectives of this study were to describe the scope of the existing literature on mental disorders and unemployment and to identify factors potentially associated with reintegration of workers with mental disorders into the workforce.

Data Sources

The following databases were searched from their respective inception dates: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index Nursing Allied Health (CINAHL), and PsycINFO.

Study Selection

In-scope studies had quantitative measures of employment and study populations with well-described mental disorders (eg, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, substance-use disorders).

Data Extraction

A systematic and comprehensive search of the relevant published literature up to July 2009 was conducted that identified a total of 5,195 articles. From that list, 81 in-scope studies were identified. An update to July 2012 identified 1,267 new articles, resulting in an additional 16 in-scope articles.

Data Synthesis

Three major categories emerged from the in-scope articles: return to work, supported employment, and reintegration. The literature on return to work and supported employment is well summarized by existing reviews. The reintegration literature included 32 in-scope articles; only 10 of these were conducted in populations of veterans.

Limitations

Studies of reintegration to work were not similar enough to synthesize, and it was inappropriate to pool results for this category of literature.

Conclusions

Comprehensive literature review found limited knowledge about how to integrate people with mental disorders into a new workplace after a prolonged absence (>1 year). Even more limited knowledge was found for veterans. The results informed the next steps for our research team to enhance successful reintegration of veterans with mental disorders into the civilian workplace.
Antioxidant and Anti-Protease Activities of Diazepinomicin from the Sponge-Associated Micromonospora Strain RV115
Authors: Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan , Szesny Matthias , Othman Eman Maher , Schirmeister Tanja , Grond Stephanie , Stopper Helga , Hentschel Ute
Published: October 2012

Diazepinomicin is a dibenzodiazepine alkaloid with an unusual structure among the known microbial metabolites discovered so far. Diazepinomicin was isolated from the marine sponge-associated strain Micromonospora sp. RV115 and was identified by spectroscopic analysis and by comparison to literature data. In addition to its interesting preclinical broad-spectrum antitumor potential, we report here new antioxidant and anti-protease activities for this compound. Using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, a strong antioxidant potential of diazepinomicin was demonstrated. Moreover, diazepinomicin showed a significant antioxidant and protective capacity from genomic damage induced by the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide in human kidney (HK-2) and human promyelocytic (HL-60) cell lines. Additionally, diazepinomicin inhibited the proteases rhodesain and cathepsin L at an IC50 of 70–90 µM. It also showed antiparasitic activity against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma brucei with an IC50 of 13.5 µM. These results showed unprecedented antioxidant and anti-protease activities of diazepinomicin, thus further highlighting its potential as a future drug candidate.
The New Internationalists: World Vision and the Revival of American Evangelical Humanitarianism, 1950–2010
Authors: King David
Published: October 2012

International relief and development agencies consistently rank among the largest evangelical organizations, and in recent decades, they have gained increased exposure and influence within the greater humanitarian community. World Vision, the largest evangelical agency, is also the largest Christian humanitarian organization in the world. Themes of politics and culture wars have led many to scholars to categorize American evangelicals into distinct conservative and liberal parties. Yet the history of American evangelicals’ humanitarianism demonstrates how they often resisted such dichotomies. As evangelical humanitarian agencies expanded exponentially over the past five decades, they came to embrace a “holistic gospel” that helped shape evangelical mission debates concerning the relationship between evangelism and social action; they engaged international evangelicals that forced Americans to reconsider their own categories; and many modeled a practical ecumenism that allowed evangelicals to expand beyond a limited subculture to work alongside other religious and even secular NGOs. While other evangelical progressives fragmented over identity politics or remained tethered to small alterative communities, the leading aid agencies have achieved broad support across evangelicalism, making them some of the most influential voices.
Study and Application of SSC Model on Hot Rolling Wide Strip Mill
Authors: Liu Hua Qiang , Zhang Fei , Yin Shi , Li Xin
Published: October 2012

According to cutting loss of the head and the tail of hot rolling wide strip mill for the loss of width, the control conditions, the control mode and control model of short stroke control (SSC) of the rough mill are researched and given by dynamical changing the rough mill roll gap for SSC simulation and basing on infinite element method (FEM) analysis and results. When the SSC model is put into use in the field, the width difference of the head and the tail with the body of the strip are decreased. Therefore, the SSC model greatly improves the control accuracy of strip head and tail, and achieves the desired results.
Design and Applications on Automatic Gauge Control and Automatic Tension Control for Continuous Tandem Cold Mill
Authors: Liu Shuang , Wang Xiao Chen , Yang Quan , Sun You Zhao
Published: October 2012

This paper introduces the revamp of 1000mm cold rolling mills. For problems of low productivity and poor stability, a revamp of automatic gauge control (AGC) system and automatic tension control (ATC) system was taken. After the revamp, precision of gauge control and stability of tension control increase and the rate of malfunction was decreased obviously. The problems of former system are solved and the new system runs well.