bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large Eddy Simulation of Pulsed Film Cooling with Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuator
Authors: Zhou Shen , Hu Beimeng , Li Guozhan , Zhang Hongjun
Published: December 2023

The effects of the coolant pulsation and the film cooling with the plasma aerodynamic actuation (PAA) could be herein explored via large eddy simulations. The electrohydrodynamic force derived from the PAA was solved through the phenomenological plasma model. The Strouhal number of the sinusoidal coolant pulsation and the averaged pulsation blowing ratio were 0.25 and 1.0, respectively. Comprehensive analyses were carried out on the time-averaged flow fields, and the results revealed that the pulsed cooling jet might cause a deeper penetration into the crossflow, and this phenomenon could be remarkably mitigated by the downward force of the PAA. Furthermore, because of the coolant pulsation, the counter rotating vortex pair (CRVP) expanded to lifted off the wall less well, and the PAA lessened the negative lift-off impact and entrapment from the CRVP. Then, the spatial-temporal development of the coherent structures was figured out by the alterations of the centerline temperature, reflecting formation of the intermittent coherent structures rather than hairpin vortices due to the coolant pulsation, and their size and upcast behaviors were reduced by the PAA. Consequently, there was a basic suppression of the turbulent mixing of the cooling fluid with the crossflow. Finally, the three-dimensional streamlines confirmed that the coherent structure dynamic behaviors were significantly regulated by the PAA for alleviating the adverse influences of the coolant pulsation. In summary, through controlling how the dominating coherent structures evolve throughout time and space, the PAA can effectively increase the pulsed film cooling efficiency.
RNA Pol II Assembly Affects ncRNA Expression
Authors: Garrido-Godino Ana I. , Gupta Ishaan , Pelechano Vicent , Navarro Francisco
Published: December 2023

RNA pol II assembly occurs in the cytoplasm before the translocation of the enzyme to the nucleus. Affecting assembly influences mRNA transcription in the nucleus and mRNA decay in the cytoplasm. However, very little is known about the consequences on ncRNA synthesis. In this work, we show that impairment of RNA pol II assembly leads to a decrease in cryptic non-coding RNAs (preferentially CUTs and SUTs). This alteration is partially restored upon overcoming the assembly defect. Notably, this drop in ncRNAs is only partially dependent on the nuclear exosome, which suggests a major specific effect of enzyme assembly. Our data also point out a defect in transcription termination and lead as to proposes that CTD phosphatase Rtr1 could be involved in this process.
Underlay Loosely Coupled Model for Public Safety Networks based on D2D
Authors: Elleuch Wajdi
Published: December 2023

In several emergency situations, during natural or human-caused disasters, frontline responders need to be able to communicate and collaborate to properly carry out the relief mission. Some countries are building their national Public Safety Mobile Broadband based on cellular LTE technology to provide fast, safe, and secure emergency services. Otherwise, in several emergency situations, the cellular antennas can be overloaded or partially damaged in manner to affect the group communication services. Since few last years, direct device-to-device (D2D) communications have been proposed by 3GPP as an underlay to Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks based on proximity, reuse, and hop gains. This paper focuses on the loosely coupled model based on D2D direct communication for Public Safety context. Many scenarios related to user membership and network management are detailed. Both “less cost” and “optimized tree” approaches are proposed, implemented, and their performance evaluated in terms of network updates number and resulting average Channel Quality Indicator (CQI). Other optimization approaches with different CQI threshold and optimization interval values have been implemented, simulated and their performance are compared with the “optimized tree”.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Gold and Copper Nanoparticles from Lannea discolor (Sond.) Engl
Authors: Rambau Unarine , Masevhe Nndivhaleni Anox , Akwu Nneka Augustina , Samie Amidou
Published: December 2023

Green synthesis using plant extracts has emerged as an eco-friendly, clean, and viable strategy alternative to chemical and physical approaches. The leaf, stem, and root extracts of Lannea discolor was utilized as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of gold (AuNPs) and copper (CuNPs) nanoparticles. The formation of AuNPs and CuNPs confirmed by their color change, was characterised by UV–Vis Spectroscopy (UV- Vis), Scanning electron microscopy analysis and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), coupled with minimum concentration inhibitory (MIC) antibacterial assays. AuNFs, NPs and CuNPs peaked at wavelengths in the ranges of 316, 544 and 564 nm respectively. TEM showed unexpected nanoflowers (30 – 97 nm) in the leaf extracts and spherical NPs (10 -33 nm; 9.3 – 37.5) from stem and root extracts, while spherical CuNPs (20 – 104 nm), were observed from all the extracts. EDX was able to confirm the presence of metal salts and FTIR revealed stable capping agents. AuNPs and NFs from L. discolor extracts showed appreciable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis, when compared to the plant extracts, while none was observed from the CuNPs. These AuNPs and CuNPs are particularly appealing in a variety of applications in the biomedical as well as conductivity manufacturing, due to their shapes and sizes and economical and environmentally friendly production.
Recent Records on Bacterial Opportunistic Infections via the Dietary Route
Authors: Rossi Franca , Santonicola Serena , Amadoro Carmela , Marino Lucio , Colavita Giampaolo
Published: December 2023

This literature review was aimed to identifying the opportunistic bacterial pathogens that can be transmitted by contaminated food and represent a current threat for patients particularly suscep-tible to infections because of underlying conditions or predisposing factors. The analysis was focused on recent case or outbreak reports, and systematic reviews published in years 2019 - 2023 and resulted in sorting 24 bacterial groups comprising genera or species able to cause a variety of systemic or invasive infections if ingested with food or drinking water. These included both bacteria known to cause mild infections in immunocompetent persons and bacteria considered innocuous that are used in food fermentation or as probiotics. No recent cases from dietary routes were reported for bacteria of critical importance as nosocomial pathogens and widely occurring in food products, primarily, Acinetobacter baumanii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, the very first sources of their introduction in the clinical environment still need to be estab-lished.
In many instances, risky dietary habits such as eating raw fish, seafood, raw meat, unpasteurized milk and derived products or the lack of control on fermentation processes led to the reported illnesses, pointing out to the necessity to improve the hygiene of production and consumer’s awareness of risks.
Hybrid Maker Spaces and the Circular City: A Case Study of Leuven, Belgium
Authors: Schroder Ingrid , Elwakil Reham , Steemers Koen
Published: December 2023

The coordination of policy, makers and materials is critical to the success of circular city development. The network of maker activities in the city of Leuven is a flagship initiative that illustrates the mechanisms that support integrated circular urban production. This paper draws on the Pop-Machina project, funded by EC Horizon 2020, which identifies the links between the maker movement and the circular economy in seven European cities. The case study project in Leuven, confirmed as the most impactful amongst those studied in the Pop-Machina project, is examined to assess how local knowledge and policy measures, can provide a means of activating a circular maker ecology. Through desk research, spatial urban analysis and interviews with key stakeholders, this paper provides a critical narrative of the development, success factors and hurdles related to circular making processes in the city. It demonstrates how hybrid makers are supported by local, national, and international policy on the one hand, and by integration with the city’s community, educational and business groups on the other. It is this constellation of social, political, and spatial conditions that lies at the success of the project.
The Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria: A Focus on the Diagnostic Assays in Non‐Endemic Areas
Authors: Calderaro Adriana , Piccolo Giovanna , Chezzi Carlo
Published: December 2023

Malaria is rare in Europe, but it is a medical emergency and programs for its control should ensure access to early diagnosis and prompt treatment within 24-48 h of the symptom’s onset. The consistent number of imported malaria cases and the risk of reappearance of autochthonous cases stimulated laboratories in non-endemic countries to evaluate diagnostic methods/algorithms: microscopy remains the gold standard, but with limitations. RDTs have greatly expanded the ability to diagnose malaria for rapid results due to simplicity and low cost, but they lack sensitivity and specificity. PCR-based assays provide more relevant information but need well-trained technicians. According to WHO global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030, the future direction for a rapid diagnosis is the development of Point-Of-Care Testing, which would be helpful for prompt/accurate treatment and for preventing the diseases spread. Despite the limitations of current diagnostic methods, they play important roles in dealing with the global malaria situation, including decreasing its incidence. Recently evidence suggested that Artificial Intelligence could be utilized for assisting pathologists in malaria diagnosis. Future studies need to be conducted to see whether this system can be used for routine malaria diagnostic procedures.
Methods of Counselling in People with Drug Dependence: A Scoping Review
Authors: Aeni Nurul , Yosep Iyus , Sriati Aat , Akbar K Fredy
Published: December 2023

Aims: Drugs today are one of the urgent and complex problems. One of the interventions that can be done to motivate quitting drug addiction is counselling This study aims to map evidence related to the strategies of counselling in victims of drug abuse and strategies in conducting counselling.
Methods: Search databases for this study were PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Article identification was carried out based on the criteria for the year of publication (2013-2022), RCT / A Cross Section Study/Cross-Sectional Study, English and Indonesian Language, Fulltext, Teenagers to the elderly. Using the PRISMA flowchart, data extraction and scoping with the keywords (English): “Drug Dependence OR Subtance Abuse AND Counselling AND Drug Abuser” and keywords in Indonesian language “Ketergantungan Narkoba OR Penyalahgunaan Zat AND Konseling AND Pengguna Narkoba”.
Results: The results of the study found that of the 9 articles that met the criteria. The main findings reveal that there are strategies in counselling, namely by means of drug counselling (drug handling controlled and monitored by doctors and nurses as psychoeducation providers) and telephone. counselling that can be used in screening and planning action.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that in counselling drug users there are several types, methods, and approaches included in the provision of counselling that are more effective in increasing motivation to recover or drug dependence in patients who are prescribed drugs by doctors compared to those who do not have prescription drugs. It is expected to contribute to the field of nursing as a strategy in counselling victims of drug abuse or people with drug addiction.
Family Financial Literacy Training in Beji, Depok
Authors: Febriantina Susan , Susita Dewi , Saparuddin  , Sholikhah  , Zakaria Adam , Fadillah Nadya , Rahmi  , Pratama Aditya , Sasmi Aji Ahmadi , Malzara Vidia Ratu Balqis , Azalia Farah Cantika
Published: December 2023

Community empowerment, especially for the lower middle class, needs to be done to reduce unemployment and improve welfare. Weak family financial literacy is one of the fundamental problems. This community service team intends to provide solutions to the above problems, namely in the form of family financial literacy training. The target of this empowerment is housewives whose economic status is lower middle class in Beji Village, Beji District, Depok City, West Java. The training material is presented in the form of material presentations by resource persons, followed by discussion. This community service activity proved to be able to provide an understanding of financial planning for the participants who were members of the Baitussalam Healthy and Fit Community in Beji Village, Depok City.
Scientific Publication Article Development Training for SMK Teachers
Authors: Prihatni Rida , Sumiati Ati , Wulan Tuty Sari , Nurjanah Siti
Published: December 2023

The purpose of implementing this community service is to provide information, knowledge, and equip teachers in arrange article ready scientific for published in journal scientific, grow atmosphere academic environment school so that could repair quality education and learning with to do activity study. The methods used in this activity include: (a) lectures or material delivery or information presentation for materials related to making scientific articles for publication, (b) questions and answers that provide opportunities for teachers to explore as much knowledge as possible about writing scientific articles, and (c) simulations to provide opportunities to practice the acquired training materials. The results of the implementation of community service can be felt by the community service team and participants. The training that has been carried out has gone well, smoothly in accordance with the goals to be achieved in this activity, and is very satisfying. The YPPD Vocational School teachers gain knowledge and experience sharing about techniques for writing scientific articles and publications to journals and also expect there will be assistance from FE UNJ lecturers in making articles so that they can be published in scientific journals. This is a good response from the training participants with training in the preparation of scientific article publications for SMK teachers.
Training to Create Digital Learning Media through Canva and Camtasia
Authors: Dania Rizki Firdausi Rachma , Suherdi  , Wolor Christian Wiradendi
Published: December 2023

The government has developed the online distance learning process since 2014 through the Indonesian Open and Integrated Online Learning program (PDITT). Then the Covid-19 pandemic has occurred since 2020, forcing the implementation of online learning activities to be unavoidable for the continuity of the implementation of learning activities at all levels of education, including at the vocational level. So far, implementing online learning activities often needs to run optimally. It happens because teachers have yet to be able to take advantage of various applications such as Camtasia and Canva to create targeted online learning media. Therefore, this community service is carried out so that teachers can use applications like Canva and Camtasia optimally. It is hoped that after participating in training activities carried out by the dedicated team from UNJ, teachers at SMK 50 and SMK 10 can make learning media in the form of communicative and attractive material slides and learning videos so that they can increase the desire to learn and the level of understanding of students.
Community Empowerment in Teluk Awur Jepara Village through the Ecopreneurship Training-Flavoring Production from the Prawn Husk
Authors: Susanti Siti , Martono Kurniawan Teguh , Mulyani Sri , Al-Baarri Ahmad Ni’matullah
Published: December 2023

During the last decades, prawns have become an important sea commodity along the north coast of Java Island. The Marine Science Techno Park (MSTP) was known as the largest prawn pond in Jepara Regency give a good opportunity for surrounded people to create or develop the prawn based business. Although prawn is the good protein source, its utilization in the industrial food often resulted the organic waste especially husk. Community empowerment which was carried out in Teluk Awur Village-Jepara aimed to provide the ability and skill of people around the MSTP about processing of the prawn husk into the natural flavoring. Prawn husk flavoring (PHF) was economically viable and can be a business opportunity. Materials, production, packaging, and distribution process.
Good Corporate Governance dan Kinerja Maqashid Syariah pada Perbankan Syariah Asia Tenggara
Authors: Yulianto Mohammad Dedi , Darwanto Darwanto
Published: December 2023

Islamic banking has the characteristics of an operation that uses a profit-sharing system and its main goal is to achieve Falah. This also affects the performance measurement of sharia banking which also adapts to these two characteristics. One method of measuring the performance of Islamic banking is to use the Maqashid-Based Performance Evaluation Model (MPEM) method. This study aims to prove the effect of good corporate governance variables (board of commissioners, independent commissioners, sharia supervisory board, and audit committee) on the performance of Islamic banking based on the MPEM method. This study uses secondary data obtained from 20 Islamic banks in 4 Southeast Asia countries from 2016 to 2020 observation years. The method used for data analysis is using a panel regression model with the random effect as the chosen model. This study found that the board of commissioners and the audit committee has a negative effect on the performance of Islamic banking in Southeast Asia based on maqashid syariah. The ratio of the independent commissioners and the sharia supervisory board does not affect the performance of Islamic banking in Southeast Asia based on Maqasid Syariah. This study also found a result that the average maqashid performance index of sharia banking in Southeast Asia is only around 12.7%.

Keywords: Good Corporate Governance, Maqashid Syariah, Performance, Sharia Banks
Strategy of BMT Bima Magelang in Improving Public Welfare Thought Cash Waqf
Authors: Wicaksono Muhamad Budi , Hartomi Hartomi
Published: December 2023

Cash waqf is one of the methods used to help people with various activities and overcome challenges such as poverty reduction. As a result, it is vital to have an institution that can handle cash waqf effectively and optimally. BMT Bima Magelang is one of the cash waqf institutions that can correctly manage its cash waqf assets in order to increase social welfare. The goal of this study was to determine excellent and proper cash waqf administration in line with Sharia and the standards of good waqf governance, in order to increase social welfare, particularly in Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil Bima Magelang. Because BMT Bima Magelang is one of the waqf institutions that has been successful in managing cash waqf with effective waqf governance in order to increase social welfare. This study employs qualitative research, with data gathered through structured interviews, passive participation observation, and recording. After that, the data was examined using qualitative descriptive analysis. The qualitative descriptive research approach describes the features of phenomena in the field and explains the study object. The findings of this study show that Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil Bima Magelang uses waqf management with the mudhorobah system, with mudhorobah financing allocated to goat farmers and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and that in the management of cash waqf BMT Bima Magelang implements good waqf governance, which improves social welfare through social programs. Profits from the finance are then utilized to fund businesses and make loans. The revenues from the mudhorobah finance are then utilized for financing (scholarships) for BMT members, financing for child circumcision, and rehabilitation of locals' houses that are unsuited for habitation. These several factors indicate that BMT Bima Magelang's cash waqf management is in conformity with cash standardization, good waqf governance, and sharia management.
Ecotourism Management of Green Leaves of Mangroves Perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah Yusuf al-Qardawi
Authors: Masitoh Imas , Rahmawati Lilik
Published: December 2023

Insufficient public awareness and comprehension of coastal natural resource management limited public education, community characteristics, and economic pressures frequently lead to coastal communities causing harm to the coastal environment.   The utilization of coastal resources can be achieved through the implementation of coastal tourism.   Ecotourism is a novel form of alternative tourism that has emerged as a response to the traditional model of tourism. This traditional model often exploits natural resources without considering their long-term sustainability and disregards the well-being of local populations.   This study employs a qualitative research methodology that utilizes a descriptive approach, drawing upon both primary and secondary data sources.   This study demonstrates a correlation between the environment and religion.   Ecotourism management must adhere to Islamic principles.   Maqāṣid al-syarī'ah represents the fundamental principles of Islamic teachings that guide the creation of laws with a focus on the welfare and advantage of humanity.   Conducting economic activities must align with the maqāṣid al-syarī'ah, which are the objectives of Islamic law, aimed at preserving al-mabadi al-khamsah, the five essential principles.   The name of the place is "Green Leaf Mangrove".   Ecotourism Management encompasses initiatives focused on the preservation of mangroves, coral reefs, and turtles, as well as activities promoting conservation education, beach cleaning, and garbage processing. These programs are designed to align with the concepts of maqāṣid al-syariah, ensuring environmental management in accordance with Islamic values.
PREPARATION OF SOLID SOAP WITH LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) EXTRACT BY COLD PROCESS
Authors: Rahayu Aster
Published: December 2023

Soap cannot be separated from human life, because soap is always needed to remove dirt that sticks to the surface of human skin. Soap has properties that can produce foam, cleanser, and is alkaline. If the alkaline properties are too high, it can cause irritation to humans which is characterized by thin peeling of the skin. So it is necessary to innovate home soaps that are safer for the skin. Lemongrass is a plant that has an antibacterial content when combined with soap. In this study, the process of making soap was carried out simply using the clod process method without heating using citronella extract as a source of antibacterial. The soap composition will be optimized in order to produce good quality soap based on pH value, free fatty acids, organoleptic tests (odor, color, hardness, softness, foam) and saponification rate. The results of this optimization show that the soap that has a good appearance and texture is a soap that has a ratio of cooking oil and olive oil of 90:10 with a total mass of 55 grams of oil and a concentration of 64.8% NaOH solution, as well as levels of free fatty acids, pH and saponification number respectively 0.33 %, 9, 18.085 mg/g.
Consumer Acceptance Level of Natural Coffee Soap Using Cold Process Technology Based on Type of Coffee Roasting
Authors: Lestari Fitri , Wulandari Sri , Rosalina Rosalina , Sella Elia Fahmi , Andini Andini
Published: December 2023

Consumer acceptance level testing can help the industry understand what it wants and needs, especially for product development. This study aim to  analyze the level of consumer acceptance of coffee natural soap produced by the cold process method based on the type of coffee roasting. The research design used was a completely randomized design with one factor (type of coffee roasting) and three treatments (light, medium, and dark). The consumer acceptance level test was carried out by organoleptic testing on 100 Pat Petulai University student respondents using a Likert scale (1-7). The data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallis. For significantly different results, it was continued with the Menn-Whitney test at a 5% level. The attributes of aroma, texture, surface appearance, and overall appearance showed P>0.05, there was no significant difference in the type of coffee roasting for these attributes, the color attribute showed P<0.05, and there was a significant difference in the type of coffee roasting for the color of the coffee soap. The average acceptance level of color attributes is between 4.75-5.14 (either-to  slighty likely), aroma attributes range from 3.57-3.67 (Slightly unlikely), texture ranges from 4.79-4.92 (either-slightly likely), surface appearance 4.58- 4.67 (either) and overall appearance 4.88-5.08 (either-slightly likely.
Protein and energy from grazing or crops - does livestock have a chance?
Authors: Piipponen Johannes , Jalava Mika , Sahlin Kajsa Resare , Sandström Vilma , Cramer Gabriel , Hayek Matthew , Zanten Hannah Van , Zabel Florian , Kummu Matti
Published: December 2023

Producing an adequate food supply to a growing population sustainably is challenging. Despite high-level recommendations for a shift to plant-based diets in most countries, global meat production continues to rise. Yet, we lack a comprehensive geospatial understanding of trade-offs between crops and livestock production efficiency. To address this, we developed a method to examine whether certain grazing lands could be more efficiently used for crop production and quantified the most efficient production system for each agricultural area globally. We found that the largest potential for increased protein production would be to turn grazing land into cropland near existing crop regions, such as the vertical belt stretching from Texas to South Dakota in the US, Southern Chad and South Sudan, Sichuan and Heilongjiang provinces in China. Here, large agricultural areas that are currently used for livestock grazing show strong potential for high protein yields through crop production. By converting all grazing lands to croplands that are at least moderately suitable for crop production (based on our crop suitability assessment), the total protein production could more than triple. Similarly, for grazing lands classified as highly suitable, the rise would still be 48%. Although sustainability factors such as biodiversity and climate impacts warrant further analysis, our study identifies key areas for consideration in strategic planning and policy decisions related to increasing food production.
Large scale phenotyping of long COVID inflammation reveals mechanistic subtypes of disease after COVID-19 hospitalisation
Authors: Openshaw Peter , Liew Felicity , Efstathiou Claudia , Fontanella Sara , Richardson Matthew , Saunders Ruth , Swieboda Dawid , Sidhu Jasmin , Ascough Stephanie , Moore Shona , Mohamed Noura , Nunag Jose , King Clara , Leavy Olivia , Elneima Omer , McAuley Hamish , Shikotra Aarti , Singapuri Amisha , Sereno Marco , Harris Victoria , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Greening Neil , Lone Nazir , Thorpe Matthew , Thompson A.A. , Rowland-Jones Sarah , Docherty Annemarie , Chalmers James , Ho Ling-Pei , Horsley Alex , Raman Betty , Poinasamy Krisnah , Marks Michael , Kon Onn Min , Howard Luke , Quint Jennifer , de Silva Thushan , Ho Antonia , Chiu Christopher , Harrison Ewen , Greenhalf William , Baillie J , Semple Malcolm , Evans Rachael , Wain Louise , Christopher Christopher , Turtle Lance , Wootton Daniel , Thwaites Ryan
Published: December 2023

One in ten SARS-CoV-2 infections result in prolonged symptoms termed long COVID, yet disease phenotypes and mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the blood proteome of 719 previously hospitalised adults with long COVID grouped by symptoms. Elevated markers of myeloid inflammation and complement activation were associated with long COVID; elevated IL1R2, MATN2 and COLEC12 were associated with cardiorespiratory symptoms, fatigue, and anxiety/depression, while MATN2 and DPP10 were elevated in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and C1QA in cognitive impairment. Proteins suggestive of neurodegeneration were elevated in cognitive impairment, whilst SCG3 (indicative of brain-gut axis disturbance) was specific to GI symptoms. Nasal inflammation was apparent after COVID-19 but did not associate with symptoms. Although SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG was elevated with some long COVID symptoms, virus was not detected from sputum. Thus, systemic inflammation is evident in long COVID and could be targeted in therapeutic trials tailored to pathophysiological differences between symptom groups.
Managing Marshes with Drawdowns Can Reduce Elevation of Coastal Marshes
Authors: King Sammy , Graham S.P. , Nyman J.A.
Published: December 2023

Coastal wetlands can offset some subsidence and effects of sea level rise via vertical accretion. We used 137Cs dating to compare 55 years of accretion between an impounded marsh and an un-impounded marsh. The un-impounded marsh had five times more accretion. In the un-impounded marsh, accretion was related to organic accumulation whereas mineral accumulation was related to bulk density. In the impounded marsh, accretion was related to mineral accumulation and bulk density. We attributed those differences to natural and managed prolonged drainage events since ~2005 in the impounded marsh that we studied.
We compared our estimates to earlier 33-year estimates using 137Cs from the same un-impounded marsh. Those estimates were slower for accretion, mineral accumulation, and organic accumulation. We estimated that accretion would have had to accelerate 68%, organic accumulation accelerate 11%, and mineral accumulation accelerate 7-fold after 1998 for us to observe the rates that we estimated. We attributed those differences to increases in flooding by tides and/or tropical storms since 2000.
We compared our estimates to earlier 33-year estimates using 137Cs from two nearby impounded marshes. Impoundment effects varied widely, which precludes broad statements about effects of impoundment on accretion. None-the-less, evidence is accumulating that moist-soil management on organic soils in the coastal zone compromises accretion processes and reduces elevation via soil organic matter oxidation and compaction. New research is suggested on highly organic soils to identify water management strategies to reduce decomposition and to identify plant species and fire and water management strategies that foster accretion.
Classifying glaucoma and normal large optic cups using deep learning methods
Authors: Xu Jie , Chai Yidong
Published: December 2023

Glaucoma is a group of serious eye diseases that can cause incurable blindness. Glaucoma diagnosis is a costly task and some models have been proposed to automate diagnosis based on images of the retina, specifically the area known as the optic cup and the associated disc where retinal blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the eye. However, the diagnosis of glaucoma is complicated because both normal and glaucoma eyes vary greatly in appearance, and some normal cases appear very similar to glaucoma. For example, like glaucoma, some normal cases have a larger cup-to-disc ratio, one of the main criteria in glaucoma diagnosis, making it more difficult to distinguish them. Thus, we propose a deep learning model with domain features (DLMDF) to combine unstructured and structured features to distinguish between glaucoma and physiologic large cups. The structured features were based upon the known cup-to-disc ratios of the four quadrants of the optic discs in normal, normal large, and glaucomatous optic cups. We segmented each cup and disc using a fully convolutional neural network and then calculated the cup size, disc size, and cup-to-disc ratio of each quadrant. The unstructured features were learned from a deep convolutional neural network. In this way, both unstructured image information and structured features were utilized for diagnosis. Experiments conducted on a real dataset demonstrated the superiority of the proposed model over traditional ones.
Multi-step prediction of automobile rear axle assembly torque based on adaptive time series data decomposition hybrid deep learning model
Authors: Xu zifeng , Zhang Tingting , Gao Chaojia , Wang Zhe , Yan Zhenhao , Zhang Cheng , Liu Lilan
Published: December 2023

The prediction of assembly torque of automobile rear axles is crucial for the timely detection of assembly abnormalities and early feedback control to reduce the number of production line shutdowns. However, due to the complex assembly conditions, the assembly torque change has non-stationary and abnormal mutation characteristics, and the conventional prediction model is difficult to accurately predict. Therefore, this article proposes an adaptive time series data decomposition hybrid deep learning assembly torque multi-step prediction framework based on the GWO-VMD-CNN-BiLSTM-Attention model. Firstly, the preprocessed original assembly torque sequence will be decomposed into multiple subsequences by an improved adaptive variational mode decomposition method based on grey wolf optimization (GWO). Then, the subsequence is subjected to 1D-CNN convolution to obtain local features. The BiLSTM layer is used to predict the feature data output by the CNN layer, and the Attention mechanism is added to weight the output data of the BiLSTM layer to extract the torque change characteristics in different time steps. Finally, iterative multi-step prediction is performed on each subsequence of assembly torque. Six-steps prediction experiments were carried out on the actual production data of the actual automobile rear axle assembly process. The highest accuracy of the proposed prediction method reaches 98.5%, 97.8%, 95.4%, 91.3%, 89.7%, and 86.5%, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed model has higher prediction accuracy than other benchmark models. The model is coupled with the digital twin system and deployed, which realizes the real-time prediction of assembly torque and has a high industrial application value.
Factors influencing dental phobia and screening behavior of patients in oral surgery practice
Authors: Qorri Rezart , Cunoti Nertsa , Magerfleisch Laura , Berth Hendrik
Published: December 2023

Background
Despite efforts by dentists and patients to establish trust, dental visits continue to be anxiety-inducing. The frequency of dental treatment sought is influenced by this fear, impacting long-term oral health. This study aimed to use the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) to identify fearful patients at a dental surgery clinic, exploring correlations with preventive behavior, gender, age, and education.
Methods
The study enrolled 102 consecutive outpatients at a private dental clinic in Sachsen, Germany, with participants aged 16 and above. Adolescents and parents provided written informed consent and assent. A meticulously crafted questionnaire, featuring numerous questions, aimed to evaluate dental patients' anxiety levels and their oral health behavior. Assessment of anxiety considered factors such as age, gender, educational qualification, fear of dental treatment, frequency of teeth brushing, instances of canceled or missed dental appointments due to anxiety, and the timing of the last dental visit.
Results
Comparing all scales according to low and high anxiety, the mean score of the whole group of DAS was with a high significance from somatization, depressiveness and anxiety.
Significantly more time had passed since the last dental visit for most patients. Patients who had a higher anxiety level based on the DAS categorization were also less likely to have tartar removed and to have professional dental cleaning performed.
Conclusion
Dental treatment anxiety has no influence on preventive behavior, except for the questions that are also related to dental treatment anxiety ("Are you afraid of dental treatment?").
Disentangling stereoisomerism of hydrogen peroxide through Coulomb explosion imaging
Authors: Madugula Nrisimha Murty
Published: December 2023

Stereoisomerism has been a subject of fundamental interest for quite a long time due to the spatial geometry between atoms in a molecule and their sizeable role in the fields of pharmacology, atmospheric, and astrochemistry. To study this nature, we propose a method that takes advantage of the ‘universality in fragmentation’ as a scientific framework to disentangle structural dynamics in molecules. For the first time, we experimentally visualized the chiral and diastereomeric nature of H2O2 through the reconstruction of H_2 O_2^(n+) (n=3-5) dissociation dynamics, besides concerted or sequential breakup channels. We also demonstrated the homochirality in H2O2 from the deduced enantiomeric excess, 4.486±0.9502%. Unlike ultrafast or time-resolved studies, we here established that recoil-ion momentum spectrometer (RIMS) in combination with post-coulomb explosion imaging methodologies is the most reliable route to unravel the real-time structure of a molecule irrespective of any probe, as it relies on a momentum-correlation picture.
Viability of Coda Wave Interferometry for Fatigue Monitoring of Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Aurilio Roberto Marko , Baaj Hassan
Published: December 2023

For asset management, various non-destructive techniques are used to assess the structural or functional integrity of the pavements to help determine the correct maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) treatments to prolong the useful service life of a pavement. Few studies have evaluated coupled non-invasive damage tests for asphalt materials in a laboratory setting. In this study, ultrasonic measurements were coupled with tension-compression testing using a dedicated pulse-receiver data acquisition system to characterize fatigue-healing tests. Time signals were acquired periodically (i.e., 10-minute intervals) throughout the fatigue-healing test and then analyzed in the time-domain using the coda wave interferometry (CWI) technique. Two windowing procedures were proposed, including Method 1, which incorporated a simple statistical approach and Method 2, which was derived from the diffusive energy envelope paired with an adaptive window length stretching technique. After windowing the time signals, the CWI procedure was completed using a dynamic time-warping (DTW) algorithm. CWI measurements using both windowing selection methods were demonstrated to be capable of distinguishing loading and rest periods during healing tests. The CWI technique was also sensitive enough to accurately differentiate loading at the lower and higher strain levels used in this study. Notably, Method 2 CWI results were able to maintain lower signal-signal variability and capture the “non-linearity” or curvature observed in traditional fatigue tests typically attributed to bias effects.
Spectroscopic Investigations of Phyto-Synthesized ZnO NPs Using Calendula officinalis L. leaf Extract
Authors: Tiwari Ajay Kumar , Jha Saket , Shukla Rohit , Awasthi Ram Raseele , bhardwaj Abhishek Kumar , Singh Abhimanyu Kumar , Ojha Rudra Prakash , Dikshit Anupam
Published: December 2023

In current decade, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) widely exploring owing to its versatile properties, prodigious demands in energy, beauty, healthcare sector. Therefore, the current work opted environmentally benign method to prepare ZnO NPs. In this process Aqueous Calendula officinalis L leaf extract was prepared for the reducing metal ions. The aqueous solution of zinc acetate (0.45M) were dropped at the rate of 5 ml/10 minute in the prepared extract. The ZnO NPs were successfully manufactured using a 50 ml and the aqueous solution (5 g) of Calendula leaves under constant stirring (1200 rpm) at a temperature of 600C for 2 hours. Brown coloured dried powder was obtained after three times washing. Furthermore, it characterized using different physico-chemical techniques. The spectroscopic study of synthesized ZnO NPs in distilled water, a peak observed at 355 nm. After initial confirmation of desired NPs, the FESEM generally apply to know their external assembly, which found small and big agglomerated form. The median crystalline particle size was estimated approx. ~24 nm using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed an absorption peak of the Zn–O bond between 4000 and 500 cm-1. This phyto-synthesis method for preparing the ZnO NPs using the leaf extract of Calendula officinalis L. evidenced to be superior, and environmental friendly, and these nano products shows the various applications.
The effects of different inoculation amounts of Lactobacillus plantarum on antioxidant capacity, chemical composition and sensory quality of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit pomace ensiled
Authors: Pan xiong , Deng Ting fei , Li Liang qun , Yang Li shou , Gao Ming , Yan Fang yan , Peng Mei , Yang Juan , Liu Song , Ge Li Juan , Yang Xiao Sheng
Published: December 2023

In order to enable high-value disposal and proper preservation of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit pomace for waste valorization, ensiling was carried out to preserve Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit pomace (RRTP) for 60 days at different inoculation amounts of L. plantarum (0, 5×105 CFU g-1, 2.5×106 CFU g-1 and 1.25×107 CFU g-1, per gram of fresh RRTP, named the CK, Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3, respectively). Further, the effects of different inoculation amounts of L. plantarum on antioxidant status, chemical composition and sensory quality of RRTP were evaluated. The results showed that Group 2 and Group 3 increased antioxidant capacity and the proportion of total phenols (P < 0.01) in RRTP silage compared with control. Moreover, yeasts、molds were not found in Group 2 and Group 3. In addition, The two groups exhibited the best sensory quality. Overall, the right amount addition of The L. plantarum could offer a sustainable eco-friendly process to preserve RRTP and improve the quality of RRTP silage.
Exploring Inequalities between Migrant and Non-Migrant Populations in the Utilization of Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Acquadro-Pacera Giulia , Valente Martina , Facci Giulia , Molla-Kiros Bereket , Corte Francesco Della , Barone-Adesi Francesco , Ragazzoni Luca , Trentin Monica
Published: December 2023

Background Migrants face several barriers when accessing care and tend to rely on emergency services to a greater extent than primary care. Comparing emergency department (ED) utilization by migrants and non-migrants can unveil inequalities affecting the migrant population and pave the way for public health strategies aimed at improving health outcomes. This systematic review aims to investigate differences in ED utilization between migrant and non-migrant populations to ultimately advance research on migrants’ access to care and inform health policies addressing health inequalities.
Methods A literature search was conducted in March 2023 on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The included studies were limited to those relying on data collected from 2012 and written in English or Italian. Data extracted included information on the migrant population and the ED visit, the differences in ED utilization between migrants and non-migrants, and the challenges faced by migrants prior to, during, and after the ED visit. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results After full-text review, 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. All but one adopted a quantitative methodology. Some studies reported a higher frequency of ED visits among migrants, while others a higher frequency among non-migrants. Migrants tend to leave the hospital against medical advice more frequently than the native population and present at the ED without consulting a general practitioner (GP). They are also less likely to access the ED via ambulance. Admissions for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC) were higher for migrants, while still being significant for the non-migrant population.
Conclusions The comparison between migrants’ and non-migrants’ utilization of the ED does not suggest a clear pattern, yet it shows that migrants’ access to care is hindered by barriers such as language barriers, poor insurance coverage, and limited working hours of GPs. Research exploring differences in ED utilization by migrants and non-migrants adopting a qualitative methodology is needed.
The multiple effects of exogenous silicon on alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)
Authors: wen jing , Hu Hongling , Liao Yuhua , Guan Peng , Dai Dachuan , Chen Gang , Chen Lianghua , Chen Hong
Published: December 2023

Aims Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal, which is highly highly toxic to humans and plants. Exogenous silicon (Si) has been shown to alleviate Cd toxicity in various plant species, but the mechanism in raspberry has not been cleared.
Methods A pot experiment was adopted to evaluate the effects of Si on the growth, biochemical parameters, ultrastructure and Cd content of Cd-treated raspberry plants. In this experiment, raspberry was treated with three levels of cadmium (0, 5, and 10 mg kg−1), and each level of cadmium was treated with three levels of silicon (0, 100 and 200 mg kg-1).
Results The exogenous application of Si (especially at 200 mg kg-1 level) obviously enhanced plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, and ameliorated Cd-induced ultrastructural alterations by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and further increasing enzymatic antioxidative defense system activity. Si applied also reduced available Cd content in the soil, resulting in lower Cd content in plant tissues and the translocation factor.
Conclusions This study revealed that external application of Si alleviates the adverse effect of Cd by enhancing the growth of plant, increasing photosynthesis, strengthening the antioxidant defense systems, reducing oxidative injury, amending Cd-induced ultrastructural changes and reducing Cd bioavailability, thereby decreasing Cd uptake and translocation with different Cd levels in raspberry.
Fully automated landmarking and facial segmentation on 3D photographs
Authors: Berends Bo , Bielevelt Freek , Schreurs Ruud , Vinayahalingam Shankeeth , Maal Thomas , de Jong Guido
Published: December 2023

Three-dimensional facial stereophotogrammetry provides a detailed representation of craniofacial soft tissue without the use of ionizing radiation. While manual annotation of landmarks serves as the current gold standard for cephalometric analysis, it is a time-consuming process and is prone to human error. The aim in this study was to develop and evaluate an automated cephalometric annotation method using a deep learning-based approach.
Ten landmarks were manually annotated on 2897 3D facial photographs. The automated landmarking workflow involved two successive DiffusionNet models. The dataset was randomly divided into a training and test dataset. The precision of the workflow was evaluated by calculating the Euclidean distances between the automated and manual landmarks and compared to the intra-observer and inter-observer variability of manual annotation and a semi-automated landmarking method.
The workflow was successful in 98.6% of all test cases. The deep learning-based landmarking method achieved precise and consistent landmark annotation. The mean precision of 1.69 ± 1.15 mm was comparable to the inter-observer variability (1.31 ± 0.91 mm) of manual annotation.
Automated landmark annotation on 3D photographs was achieved with the DiffusionNet-based approach. The proposed method allows quantitative analysis of large datasets and may be used in diagnosis, follow-up, and virtual surgical planning.