bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escaping the midway trap: A mixed method study highlighting roadblocks and coping mechanisms of female researchers in Cameroon
Authors: Fouda Mbarga Nicole , Tsinda Sylviane Maffo , Mamiafo Corinne Tchoula , Mbarga Marcel , Tchachoua Lamare , Ngo Likeng Julienne , Ndje Mireille Ndje , Epee Emilienne , Bassong Olga , Boum Yap , Nolna Sylvie Kwedi
Published: October 2024

Across the world, women make most of the health workforce, but remain underrepresented in academia. This is even worst in Sub-Saharan Africa where women are the least represented as first and last authors in publications, especially in francophone countries. However, there is a lack of data on the reason explaining this inequity. Therefore, we sought to describe challenges which hinder the growth of Cameroonian female researchers and conducted a mixed method study over one year from January 2020 to December 2020. We included Cameroonian female researchers in health. For the quantitative arm, data was collected through an online google questionnaire. In-depth interviews were organized for the qualitative arm. Data was analyzed using python software version 21 for the quantitative arm and content analysis was performed for qualitative data. A total of 119 participants were included in this study. Most participants were aged between 25 and 35 years (72%) and they were Christians (94%). The majority had at least a PhD degree (29.6%) and they came from the West region of Cameroon (34.2%) the Northern regions were grossly underrepresented. More than half of our participants faced issues with balancing career, work, and academia and this is linked to culture. Socioeconomic, sociocultural, institutional, and environmental roadblocks hinder the progress and research productivity of most female researchers. The burden of unpaid maternity leaves, and sexual harassment remains high for most women. The use of English language as lingua Franca is perceived as another barrier for one on two women. However, there are coping strategies adopted by female scientists including the development of soft skills such as self-confidence, determination, and hard work. Extrinsic factors such as global policy, international partnerships, workshops, mentorship, and networking are also supporting women in global health. Gender-based interventions are critical to support women in escaping the midway trap.
A UK survey of young people’s views on condom removal during sex
Authors: Ezzat Farida , Hart Graham , Barrett Geraldine
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Non-consensual condom removal (NCCR) refers to the act of removing a condom during sex without the other person’s permission. It poses physical and psychological risks to women’s health. Views and attitudes regarding this sexual practice are not well understood in the UK. This study aimed to explore young people’s views on the morality and criminality of NCCR and how their views are affected by negative health outcomes, relationship status, and socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods

A quantitative online survey of people aged 18–25 living in the UK was conducted. The survey consisted of two NCCR scenarios, varied by health outcome and relationship status, followed by questions about the morality and criminality of NCCR and respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics. Statistical analysis included Chi-square testing and logistic regression modelling.

Results

Most of the 1729 respondents considered NCCR to be a violation of consent to sex (97.4%-98.1%), to be wrong (99.3%-99.5%), and to be sexual assault (86.3%-89.2%). Respondents were more likely to support prison time for NCCR if the victim got pregnant (52.1%) (rather than depressed (41.6%)) or was part of a casual hook-up (53.9%) (as opposed to a long-term dating relationship (47.2%). Respondents who were female or non-heterosexual were more likely to view NCCR as sexual assault and support prison as a penalty for NCCR.

Conclusion

The majority of young UK adults in this survey considered condom removal during sex without the other person’s permission to be a violation of consent, morally wrong, and a form of sexual assault. Support for prison as a penalty was lower. These findings can inform future campaigns on consent in sexual relationships and legislation to provide support for women affected by NCCR.
Emergence of resistance to last-resort antimicrobials in bacteremia patients: A multicenter analysis of bloodstream pathogens in Korea
Authors: Yoo Jin Sae , Yu Hui-Jin , Park Kuenyoul , Lee Wee Gyo , Shin Bo-Moon
Published: October 2024

This study retrospectively reviewed the microbiological and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with bacteremia. Results from the first positive blood cultures were consecutively collected from July 2022 to June 2023 at a public secondary hospital, a university-affiliated tertiary hospital, and a university-affiliated secondary hospital in the Seoul metropolitan area. Antibiotic spectrum coverage (ASC) scores were calculated on the day the blood culture was performed (B0) and on two days after the blood culture results were reported (R+2). A total of 3,397 isolates were collected from 3,094 patients. Among these, 949 isolates obtained from 893 patients were classified as multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), including 170 imipenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria, 714 methicillin-resistant staphylococci, and 65 vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Interestingly, 13 and 42 gram-positive isolates were resistant to linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin, respectively. Moreover, 44 and 181 gram-negative isolates were resistant to amikacin and tigecycline, respectively. The proportion of ASC scores corresponding to broad or extremely broad-spectrum coverage was not significantly different between MDRO and non-MDRO groups at B0 (p = 0.0925). However, it increased in the MDRO group at R+2 (p <0.001). This study found that resistance to last-resort antimicrobials is emerging. Therefore, developing and incorporating molecular diagnostics using a wide range of resistance targets may facilitate rapid, tailored antimicrobial treatments.
Analysis of current and future bioclimatic suitability for C. arabica production in Ethiopia
Authors: Adane Asnake
Published: October 2024

The coffee sector in Ethiopia is the livelihood of more than 20% of the population and accounts more than 25% of the country’s foreign exchange earnings. Climate change is expected to affect the climatic suitability of coffee in Ethiopia, and this would have implications for global coffee output, the national economy, and farmers’ livelihoods in Ethiopia. The objective of this paper is to assess the current and future impacts of climate change on bioclimatic suitability to C.arbica production in Ethiopia. Based on the current distribution of coffee production areas and climate change predictions from HadGEM2 and CCSM2 models and using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) bioclimatic modeling approach, future changes in climatic suitability for C. arabica were predicted. Coffee production sites in Ethiopia were geo-referenced and used as input in the MAXENT model. The findings indicated that climate change will increase the suitable growing area for coffee by about 44.2% and 30.37% under HadGEM2 and CCSM2 models, respectively, by 2080 in Ethiopia. The study also revealed a westward and northwestward shift in the climatic suitability to C. arabica production in Ethiopia. This indicates that the suitability of some areas will continue with some adaptation practice, whilst others currently suitable will be unsuitable, yet others that are unsuitable will be suitable for arabica coffee production. These findings are intended to support stakeholders in the coffee sector in developing strategies for reducing the vulnerability of coffee production to climate change. Site-specific strategies should be developed to build a more climate resilient coffee livelihood in the changing climate.
Sex differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors in the general population of Mongolia: A nationwide study
Authors: Byambadoo Lkham-Erdene , Davaakhuu Narantuya , Surenjav Unursaikhan , Norov Bolormaa , Tserennadmid Enkhjargal , Inthaphatha Souphalak , Nishino Kimihiro , Yamamoto Eiko
Published: October 2024

The prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) between men and women in Mongolia were compared using secondary data from the STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance conducted in 2019. In total, 5,695 participants (2,577 males and 3,118 females) aged 18–69 years old were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of MetS was 37.4% in total and the prevalence was significantly higher in women (39.2%) than men (35.2%, P = 0.002). The most prevalent MetS components were abdominal obesity in women (74.2%) and high blood glucose levels in men (58.7%). All of the 2,128 participants who were categorized into MetS met the criteria of abdominal obesity. Factors associated with MetS included being 30–69 years old compared to 18–29 years old, low and moderate physical activity levels compared to high levels, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and a high body mass index (overweight and obesity) compared to a normal body mass index in both sexes. Additional factors included Buryat ethnicity compared to Khalkh ethnicity, living in Ulaanbaatar, no education compared to primary education, higher monthly income, and currently drinking in men; and smoking and sufficient fruit and vegetable intake in women. Significant differences were observed between men and women in terms of the prevalence of MetS, components of MetS, and factors associated with MetS. To reduce MetS prevalence in Mongolia, sex-specific programs should be designed to promote health behavior, such as reducing alcohol consumption in men and smoking in women.
Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire to determine dietary intakes among Lebanese athletes
Authors: Sannan Nagham , Papazian Tatiana , Issa Zeina , El Helou Nour
Published: October 2024

Background and objective

Nutrition is a basic need for athletes; thus, adequate dietary intake is crucial for maintaining overall health, facilitating training adaptations and boosting athletic performance. Accurate dietary assessment tools are required to minimize the challenges faced by athletes. This study verifies the validity and reproducibility of a 157 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among Lebanese athletes. This is the only Arabic questionnaire in Lebanon that estimates food consumption for athletes which can also be used in Arabic speaking countries. There has been no previous validated food frequency questionnaire that estimated food consumption for athletes in Lebanon.

Methods

A total of 194 athletes were included in the study to assess the validity of the food frequency questionnaire against four days dietary recalls by comparing the total nutrient intake values from the food frequency questionnaire with the mean values of four 24-hour dietary recalls using Spearman correlation coefficient and Bland Altman plots. In order to measure the reproducibility, the intra class correlation coefficients were calculated by repeating the same food frequency questionnaire after one month.

Results

The intra-class correlation coefficient between the two-food frequency questionnaires ranged from average (0.739 for carbohydrates) to good (0.870 for energy (Kcal)), to excellent (0.919 for proteins) concerning macronutrients and ranged from average (0.688 for vitamin D), to excellent (0.952 for vitamin B12), indicating an acceptable reproducibility. Spearman’s correlation coefficients of dietary intake estimate from the food frequency questionnaire and the four dietary recalls varied between 0.304 for sodium, 0.469 for magnesium to 0.953 for caloric intake (kcal). Bland-Altman plots illustrated a percentage of agreement ranging between 94.3% for fats to 96.4% for proteins.

Conclusion

This food frequency questionnaire has a reliable validity and reproducibility to evaluate dietary assessments and is an appropriate tool for future interventions to ensure the adoption of adequate eating strategies by athletes.
An empirical study of feature extraction for Hubei folk art of carved paper-cutting
Authors: Yang Zhen , Liu Yanqi , Wang Weiling , Li Yu , Yuan Xiuxia
Published: October 2024

Excellent traditional culture is the root and soul of a nation, which is the carrier of historical precipitation and continuous development. In this aspect, Hubei folk art of carved paper-cutting has important cultural value and historical significance in the composition of Chinese traditional culture, which is a national intangible cultural heritage under key protection and urgently needs to be carried forward. This paper carried out an empirical study using the survey and comparative analysis methods on the feature extraction for Hubei folk art of carved paper-cutting. Through investigation and comparative analysis of vast artworks of Hubei carved paper-cutting, the classics are selected as the representative to extract the regional characteristics, the artistic values, and the composition and modelling methods. Results indicate that the common features exist on the artistic values in beautification of life and education, the composition principles of central-based, symmetry, balanced or conformal, and the modelling techniques using Yin and Yang carving, unobstructive perspective, distortion and exaggeration. However, the regional features in cultural expression, folklore communication, modelling skills are apparent and strong interlinked with the regional historical development in social activities, labor productivity and surrounding environment. This study provides a multi-dimensional perspective for the modern inheritance and development of traditional Hubei artworks of carved paper-cutting with specified characteristics.
From loose sand to sandstone: An experimental approach on early calcite precipitation in sands of siliciclastic and mixed carbonate-siliciclastic composition
Authors: Janssen Meike , Caracciolo Luca , Bonnell Linda M. , Lander Robert H. , Adelhardt Philipp , Moldenhauer Lara , Munnecke Axel , van Geldern Robert , Stollhofen Harald
Published: October 2024

Artificially cemented sandstones were produced to assess the impact of detrital texture and composition on the precipitation and distribution of early calcite cement, and cement-related degradation in porosity. To simulate early-calcite cementation, loose sediment of variable composition (siliciclastic and calcareous) and grain size was exposed to a calcite supersaturated solution for 35 to 58 days at 23°C. Identification and distribution of the newly precipitated crystals was performed with high resolution 2D optical and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results show the precipitation of grain-coating, pore-bridging and pore-filling granular calcite cement with up to 100 μm crystal size. Despite a positive correlation between the amount of detrital carbonate grains and calcite crystals, calcite cement does not preferentially nucleate on bioclast surfaces, irrespectively of their favourable mineralogy. Siliciclastic grains show high calcite cement coverage with altered feldspar, particularly plagioclase, displaying coverage of 94.3%. Grain size variations within the sand packs have influence on the precipitation pattern of calcite with coarse-grained layers (500–710 μm) showing minor calcite cementation (6.3%), while medium- (250–500 μm) to fine-grained layers (125–250 μm) comprise average calcite cement contents of 16.3% and 28.2%, respectively. The findings of this study enhance our knowledge regarding the precipitation processes of calcite in porous material with heterogeneous reacting mineral phases, shapes and pore connectivity.
Gobernar la fe. La capilla diplomática de La Haya y la gestión política del catolicismo entre las Provincias Unidas y los Países Bajos españoles (1649-1716)
Authors: Bravo Lozano Cristina
Published: October 2024

Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVII, la capilla de la embajada española en La Haya alcanzó una extraordinaria popularidad entre la comunidad católica local. Reputada por parroquia y tolerada por las autoridades neerlandesas, su erección como núcleo referencial para el catolicismo de las Provincias Unidas hizo de este espacio de culto un auténtico centro de poder. Esta relevancia, que continuaría en la transición al Setecientos, demostró la vigencia de una política confesional hispana. Gravitando sobre la corte provincial de Bruselas como eje cardinal para el gobierno de los negociados diplomáticos del norte de Europa y la acción proselitista, también significó la emergencia de controversias latentes en las que se contraponían los intereses de los representantes reales, los internuncios de los Países Bajos y los vicarios apostólicos de Holanda.
Política, crisis y enfermedad. El Mediterráneo en el Mercurio Histórico y Político-Mercurio de España (1756-1799)
Authors: Berná Ortigosa Antonio Manuel
Published: October 2024

El Mercurio Histórico y Político-Mercurio de España (1738-1830) se consagró como un periódico oficial en 1756. Desde entonces sus contenidos adquirieron un componente ideológico. En este trabajo arrojamos luz sobre cómo se politizaron las enfermedades junto a otras noticias para conformar un discurso dominante que, entre 1756-1799, distinguió a los Estados mediterráneos occidentales y orientales. El hilo conductor es la peste, interrelacionado con las creencias otomanas, la inestabilidad política, las coyunturas económicas, la conflictividad social y la guerra; en frente del progreso económico, el control sanitario, la filantropía y el orden cristiano.
Las proclamaciones de Fernando VI y Carlos III en Buenos Aires
Authors: González Delgado Juan A.
Published: October 2024

El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es demostrar que las proclamaciones de Fernando VI y Carlos III en Buenos Aires funcionaron como mecanismos de legitimación del poder y de cohesión social en los que la unión de las artes fue fundamental. Este estudio se basará en las relaciones que narraron dichas proclamaciones y que se conservan en el Archivo General de Indias. Estas, si bien fueron abordadas por una historiografía clásica, no han sido analizadas con la profundidad que merecen.
José Beratón (1746-1796): noticias biográficas de un pintor de cámara
Authors: Ortega Jesús López
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo viene a recoger más de cuarenta documentos inéditos relativos a la vida del pintor José Beratón y su familia en Madrid. En ellos se dan noticias concernientes a su mujer, Manuela Marcelina Sánchez de Ahumada; la llegada del aragonés a la Corte; los domicilios donde habitó; el nacimiento de sus dos hijos; su testamento; la fecha de su muerte; la prestamera concedida por el rey a su hijo Manuel en Víllora (Cuenca),y de algunos de los bienes que poseyó en vida.
Censura de las Obras poéticas de Eugenio Gerardo Lobo EN 1796: una reimpresión frustrada
Authors: Padilla Aguilera Tania
Published: October 2024

En el Archivo Histórico Diocesano de Madrid se conserva una censura negativa de la vicaría, fechada en el año 1796, para la reimpresión de las Obras poéticas de Eugenio Gerardo Lobo, en concreto, de su reedición de 1769. A partir de esta pista, se llega al hallazgo del expediente completo de la causa en el Archivo Histórico Nacional, en el que se constata que el Consejo decide, finalmente, denegar la licencia. El censor pone el foco en la falta de coherencia entre la dedicatoria mariana de la obra y su contenido, marcadamente mundano, la mayor parte de las veces vinculado al mundo de las fiestas, el galanteo y otros placeres. Una vez más, gracias a la documentación de archivo podemos reconstruir un proceso editorial fallido que nos ayuda a entender mejor la recepción post mórtem de un poeta de la talla de Lobo.
La polémica de los gatos de 1779, ¿una apología animalista?
Authors: Rodríguez García Miguel
Published: October 2024

En 1779 Mariano Madramany publicó en Madrid, bajo seudónimo, una curiosa Oración en la que argumentaba que era preferible sufrir ratones en las casas a tener gatos. Ese mismo año, esta premisa animó a otros tres autores (y a él mismo, usando otro seudónimo) a defender la utilidad de los felinos domésticos y a disculpar sus conductas más vituperadas. Estas obras constituyen ejercicios de retórica y despliegues de erudición e inventiva, pero también contienen información del trato hacia los gatos por parte de los españoles de la época, de algunos de sus hábitos biológicos, leyendas, anécdotas, noticias históricas, supersticiones y referencias a la literatura anterior. El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de esta polémica, sus antecedentes literarios y su contenido animalista desde la perspectiva de los estudios de animales, con el fin de iluminar la relación entre los españoles y los gatos reflejada en estos textos.
Autoeficácia docente e acesso a recursosno ensino remoto emergencial: Escalas psicométricas
Authors: Nunes  Moraes Andrade Raíssa Bárbara , Zerbini Thais , Brascero de Souza Andresa Cristina
Published: October 2024

A autoeficácia dos docentes e seu acesso a recursos podem influenciar a transição do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto emergencial. Este estudo objetivouconstruir e verificar evidências de validade das escalas de Autoeficácia e Acesso a Recursos de Docentes do Ensino Superior que passaram pela transição para aulas remotas.As escalas foram construídas e submetidasà validação semântica e por juízes.A coleta de dados foi realizada a distânciacom135 professores. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, exploratórias e confirmatórias. Ambas as escalasapresentaram cargas fatoriais acima de 0,4. A escala de Autoeficácia docente apresentou-se unifatorial com bom índicede onsistência interna(α= 0,95) e bons indicadores de ajuste(χ²:256,794; df:131; CMIN/DF: 1,96; GFI:0,89; RMSR:0,05; CFI:0,93; TLI:0,91; RMSEA:0,07). A escala de acesso a recursos apresentou-se com dois fatores e obteve bons índices de consistência interna (αentre 0,80 e 0,88) e bons indicadores de ajuste (χ²:67,99; df:31; CMIN/DF:2,19; GFI:0,90; RMSR:0,12; CFI:0,94; TLI:0,92; RMSEA:0,094). Este estudo amplia o conhecimento a respeito da transição do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto, e traz implicações práticas que poderão auxiliar no planejamento e desenvolvimento das açõeseducacionais.
Некоторые интегральные преобразования одной функции Фокса с четырьмя параметрами
Authors: Khushtova Fatima Gidovna
Published: October 2024

Рассматривается функция Фокса с четырьмя параметрами, которая возникает в теории вырождающихся дифференциальных уравнений с частными производными дробного порядка. В терминах указанной функции были ранее записаны явные решения первой и второй краевых задач в полуполосе для уравнения с оператором Бесселя, действующим по пространственной переменной, и дробной производной по времени.
Для рассматриваемой функции в случае зависимости двух параметров из четырех в работе получена формула преобразования Лапласа, которая выражается через специальную функцию Макдональда. Также получены формулы интегральных преобразований, выражающиеся через обобщенную функцию Райта и более общую
$H$-функцию Фокса.
Вспомогательным средством для доказательства полученных формул является интеграл Меллина-Барнса, с помощью которого записывается рассматриваемая специальная функция. Сходимость несобственных интегралов при этом следует из асимптотических оценок, также приведенных в работе.
Показано, что при частных значениях из формулы преобразования Лапласа следуют известные формулы преобразований экспоненциальной функции и функции Райта со степенными множителями.
К расчету приближенных симметрий дробно-дифференциальных уравнений
Authors: Lukashchuk Veronika Olegovna , Lukashchuk Stanislav Yur'evich
Published: October 2024

Предлагается новый алгоритм нахождения приближенных симметрий для дробно-дифференциальных уравнений с производными типа Римана-Лиувилля и Герасимова-Капуто, порядок которых близок к целому. Алгоритм основан на разложении дробной производной в ряд по малому параметру, выделяемому из порядка дробного дифференцирования. В линейном приближении такое разложение содержит нелокальный интегро-дифференциальный оператор с логарифмическим ядром.
В результате исходное дробно-дифференциальное уравнение приближается интегро-дифференциальным уравнением с малым параметром, для которого могут быть найдены приближенные симметрии. Доказывается теорема о виде продолжения однопараметрической группы точечных преобразований на новую переменную, порождаемую нелокальным оператором, входящим в разложение дробной производной. Знание такого продолжения позволяет применить к рассматриваемому уравнению приближенный критерий инвариантности.
Предлагаемый алгоритм иллюстрируется на задаче нахождения приближенных симметрий для нелинейного дробно-дифференциального уравнения фильтрации субдиффузионного типа. Показано, что размерность алгебры приближенных симметрий такого уравнения оказывается существенно больше размерности алгебры точных симметрий, что открывает возможность построения большого числа приближенно инвариантных решений. Также на примере линейного дробно-дифференциального уравнения субдиффузии показывается, что алгоритм дает принципиальную возможность находить нелокальные приближенные симметрии определенного вида.
THE AUSTRIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY BEFORE AND AFTER EU MEMBERSHIP
Authors: HASCHKA J.
Published: October 2024

Having conformed with the membership requirements, and following the referendum on June 12, 1994, Austria joined the EU on January 1, 1995; five years after the initial application. Although membership may have overall advantages, it represents the greatest change and challenge for Austrian agriculture - particularly the dairy industry - in this century. The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire in 1918 demanded a change of approach for the dairy sector. With state help, expansion in the 1920’s was such that the milk industry become over extended and the producer price for milk plummeted. The situation led to the founding in 1931 of the Milchwirtschaftsfond (a form of Milk Marketing Board), which regulated prices and managed a compensation system linked to transport costs. Specific regions (so called catchment and service areas) were allocated to dairies, and butter production was supported at the cost of the fresh milk products. The system as it stood at the beginning of the 1960’s remained in place until 1994. A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the state of the industry immediately before membership with the state today shows radical changes in industry structures, prices and products developments - with appropriate implications for milk producers, dairies and consumers.
MOŽNOSTI POVEČANJA KOLIČINE MLEKA IN VSEBNOSTI MLEČNE MAŠČOBE IN BELJAKOVIN S SELEKCIJO
Authors: POGAČAR J.
Published: October 2024

Zaradi različne gospodarske pomembnosti in genetske variabilnosti lastnosti ter tudi zaradi antagonizmov med nekaterimi lastnostmi, npr. med količino mleka in mesnatostjo, med količino mleka in vsebnostjo beljakovin ter maščob v mleku in podobno, je optimalna strategija selekcije uporaba selekcijskega indeksa. Selekcijski indeks, ki je definiran kot maksimalni dohodek, je konstruiran tako, da upošteva različne lastnosti in njihove različne gospodarske teže v odvisnosti od tržno ekonomske situacije. Modelni računi kažejo, da je z vidika gospodarnosti najbolj uspešna hkratna selekcija na količino mlečne maščobe in količino mlečnih beljakovin in da je selekcija le na % mlečne maščobe ali le na % beljakovin ekonomsko neučinkovita.
POVEZAVE: MLEČNOST - MOLZNOST - MASTITIS
Authors: ŠOBAR B. , KAVČIČ S. , KASTELIC D. , MIKLIČ M.
Published: October 2024

Želeli smo osvetliti povezave med mlečnostjo, molznostjo in mastitisom, da bi na tej osnovi odredili parametre za selekcijo krav, odpornejših na mastitis. V čredi 60 krav črno - bele pasme smo skozi tri leta merili količino mleka (z elektronskimi merilci mleka) in čas molže (s štoparico), na osnovi teh podatkov smo izračunali molznost (kg mleka na minuto) ter v laboratoriju s pomočjo Fossomatic-a ugotavljali število somatskih celic v mleku posameznih krav. Prišli smo do naslednjih rezultatov: pri majhni mlečnosti in dobri molznosti je število somatskih celic najmanjše (x = 205.000/ml); pri veliki mlečnosti in slabi molznosti je število somatskih celic v mleku večje (x = 233.000/ml); pri veliki mlečnosti in dobri molznosti je število somatskih celic v mleku še večje (x = 260.000/ml); pri majhni mlečnosti in slabi molznosti je število somatskih celic v mleku največje (x = 281.000/ml). Medsebojne povezave med mlečnostjo, molznostjo in številom somatskih celic so slabe (razlike niso statistično značilne).
UČINEK SILIRNEGA DODATKA PLANTANAZE® NA KEMIČNO SESTAVO IN IN VITRO PREBAVLJIVOST NEOVELE TRAVNE SILAŽE
Authors: BABNIK D. , STEKAR Jasna M.A. , VERBIČ Jože , MALENŠEK Alenka
Published: October 2024

V laboratorijskih silosih smo testirali učinek silirnega dodatka Plantanaze® , ki vsebuje mlečnokislinske bakterije (L. plantarum, P. pentosaceus) in celulolitične encime, na kemično sestavo in in vitro prebavljivost neovele travne silaže. Silosi so bili odprti po 271 dneh. Silaža z dodatkom Plantanaze® je vsebovala v primerjavi s kontrolo več sladkorjev (32 vs. 11 g kg-1 SS, p< 0,05) ter manj surove vlaknine (284 vs. 295 g kg-1 SS, p< 0,05), celuloze (312 vs. 318 g kg-1 SS, p< 0,05) in ADF (352 vs. 358 g kg-1 SS, p< 0,05). Vsebnost surovih beljakovin, pepela, ADL, NDL in hemiceluloz se niso značilno razlikovale. In vitro prebavljivost OS po Tilleyu in Terryu (1963) je bila pri silaži s Plantanaze® neznačilno večja (65,6%) kakor pri kontroli (64,7%). Neznačilno večja je bila tudi prebavljivost OS, ki smo jo ocenili na osnovi kemične sestave in količine plina pri in vitro inkubaciji vzorcev z vampnim sokom (63,0% vs. 62,2%). Zaradi manjših izgub mase (4,45 vs. 6,97 kg t-1 silirane krme, p< 0,001) in nekoliko vešje koncentracije NEL (5,01 vs. 4,93 MJ kg-1 SS) je bila izguba NEL pri silaži z dodatkom Plantanaze® manjša (3,8 MJ NEL t-1 silirane krme) kakor pri silaži brez silirnega dodatka (62,0 MJ NEL t-1 silirane krme).
ODGOVORNOST DO TEHNOLOGIJ - VODENIH Z RAČUNALNIKOM, ZAHTEVA ZANESLJIVE INŽENIRSKE REŠITVE
Authors: VALINGER E. , KOSIČ D. , TABORŠAK N. , FAJDIGA B. , DOBERLET A.
Published: October 2024

Projekti vodenja procesov v prehrambeni industriji, posebno v mlekarstvu, so povezani s povečano stopnjo odgovornosti za zdravstveno neoporečnost in trajnost proizvodov. Prikazujemo zahteve za sistematični pristop k projektiranju strojne opreme, višjo stopnjo zanesljivosti nadzornega in krmilnega računalnika, "robustnost" programske opreme ter pravilen izbor kvalitetnih senzorjev za nadzor fizikalnih, kemijskih in bakterioloških parametrov in kriterijev tehnoloških procesov. Industrijski računalniki morajo zadostiti nizu zelo ostrih zahtev, kot so: odpornost na elektromagnetne motnje, povišane temperature okolja, izhodni moduli morajo biti zaščiteni pred kratkimi stiki, itn. Zanesljivost programske opreme pomeni poleg izvršitve zahtevanih funkcij, predvideti tudi možne konfliktne situacije ter način njihove rešitve. Vse to zahteva izkušenega projektanta, ki optimalno izkorišča razvoj in čas projektiranja. Zagon in vzdrževanje nadzorne in krmilne opreme v času njenega "življenskega ciklusa" zahteva odgovoren pristop izvajalca. Slikovni prikaz poteka procesov je pomembna pomoč pri komunikaciji človek - računalnik, kar povečuje varnost vodenja procesov. Bolj ko se ravnamo po omenjenih dejstvih, večja je verjetnost, da se izognemo nezgodam in materialni škodi.
DETECTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL LACTIC ACID STARTER CULTURES
Authors: ROGELJ Irena , BOGOVIČ-MATIJAŠIĆ Bojana , ČANŽEK Andreja
Published: October 2024

Twenty-one commercial starter cultures were tested for their antibacterial activity against 24 indicator bacteria. Specter of antimicrobial activity and probable presence of bacteriocin-like substances were detected with direct agar spot method. Thirteen of 21 tested commercial starter cultures have shown antibacterial activity against indicator bacteria, while the production of bacteriocin-like substance was found with starter cultures MSK B2, LA-CH-5, L. acid. 145 and MSK/V10. In cell-free supernatant no bacteriocin-like activity was detected. Strains of starter cultures BB 12, L. casei 01, LA-CH-5, L. casei R, MSK/V10 (L. acidophilus) were resistant at pH 2 - 5 and bile salts concentration 0,1% - 1,5%. The most promising as protective cultures or dietary adjuncts are among starter cultures tested L.casei 01, BB12, LA-CH-5, L.casei R, L.acid 145, MSK B2 and MSK/V10.
CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY
Authors: KNEIFEL W.
Published: October 2024

For quite a long time, the microbiological examination of dairy products has been regarded as an area being dominated mainly by traditional or partly even historical methods. Even today classical methods, e.g. culture techniques, play an important role. However, scientific knowledge about pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms as well as about general food quality has increased considerably and led to a radical change and rearrangement of the microbiological laboratory during the last decade. Thus, today the microbiological examination of foods is based on a broad array of old and new methods which are complementary to each other. Necessarily, the microbiological examination of dairy products is directed towards two main goals: the detection and enumeration of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms; and the enumeration of typical microorganisms, for instance as a potential measure representing the high quality of a fermented product. In this lecture, a survey is given on various microbiological methods including the following items: modern and classical methods, rapidity and automation, fluorogenic or chromogenic substrates, bioluminiscence and impedance techniques, immunological and molecular-biological methods.
UGOTAVLJANJE PRISOTNOSTI BAKTERIJE Bacillus cereus V MLEKU IN MLEČNIH IZDELKIH
Authors: GODIČ-TORKAR Karmen
Published: October 2024

Ugotavljali smo prisotnost aerobnih sporotvornih bakterij vrste Bacillus cereus v mleku in mlečnih izdelkih. Bakterijske seve smo izolirali in identificirali z uporabo selektivnega gojišča PEMBA, z metodo najbolj verjetnega števila (MPN), s postopkom barvanja spor in intercelularnih maščobnih kroglic v celicah mikroskopskega preparata, z dokazovanjem hemolitične aktivnosti, premičnosti v trdnem gojišču ter z razgradnjo glukoze v anaerobnih pogojih. V obdobju od decembra do junija smo analizirali 141 vzorcev pasteriziranega konzumnega mleka z 1,6, 3,2 in 3,6% mlečne maščobe, pasterizirane sladke smetane, skute, pudinga, sladoleda, mlečnega prahu, sterilnega mleka z 1,6 in 3,2% mlečne maščobe ter sterilne sladke smetane. Bacillus cereus je bil prisoten v 46,8% vzorcev in v 38,3% ponovno pasteriziranih vzorcev. Mlečni prah je bil kontaminiran stoodstotno, 64,0% je bilo pozitivnih vzorcev pasterizirane sladke smetane 62,5% skute in sladoleda, 35,0 do 50,0% vzorcev pasteriziranega mleka in 44,4% vzorcev pudinga. Bacillus cereus smo našli tudi v 15,0% sterilnega mleka in sterilne sladke smetane. V pudingu je bilo v povprečju največje število bakterijskih celic (55,4 kolonije tvorečih enot v ml vzorca), medtem ko jih je bilo v pasteriziranem mleku le 0,08 do 0,33 v ml. Značilno je bilo sezonsko nihanje pojavljanja proučevane bakterije z vrhovoma v decembru in januarju ter v maju in juniju. Odvisnosti med prisotnostjo vrste Bacillus cereus, skupnim številom, številom sporotvornih in psihrotrofnih mikroorganizmov nismo ugotovili.
SHELF-LIFE AS A CONDITION FOR MILK PRODUCT QUALITY
Authors: LUKAČ-HAVRANEK Jasmina , HADŽIOSMANOVIĆ Mirza
Published: October 2024

In the complete determination of milk and milk products quality, durability or shelf-life one of the elements that influence quality of the products. The quality is not a matter of choice, but because of whole number of economical reasons and European regulations, it’s a condition for survival on the market. It should be insisted on the objective possibilities of some milk products shelf-life, according to their nature and possibility of storage through maximal permitted time in which there will be no undesirable changes in milk that are usually caused by microbiological and physical and chemical factors. In that sense, durability is a consequence of all phases of production process: collecting, processing and utilization of milk, including the distribution and selling of milk products and their storage in stores under the adequate control. The quality should be seen in accordance to their maximal satisfaction of consumers' requests and improvement of producer’s material indicators. Modern concepts of management, control and observation (TQM; QSA; GMP; LISA; HACCP) in concordance to International Standardization Organization regulations (ISO: 9000, 9011, etc.) have the most important role in reaching the adequate durability.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF YOGHURT
Authors: BARUT M. , TORRIANO G. , ŽUMER M.
Published: October 2024

Shear stress transients at six different constant shear rates, ranging from 30 to 300 s-1 and three selected temperatures (4, 12 and 20 °C) were measured as a function of the shearing time for a whole-milk and a low-fat yoghurt. A Couette-type rotational rheometer was used. The transients showed a highly time-dependent rheological behaviour for both yoghurts and were described with a stretched exponential equation. A characteristic time tc and a structural parameter L for the structural break-down magnitude were defined to compare the behaviours of two yoghurts under different conditions. The data base so obtained was then used to construct a mathematical model for describing the irreversible degradation of yoghurt under shear based on the phenomenological approach of Cheng and Evans. From the results it could be concluded that the whole-milk yoghurt had a dense structure which was, however, more easily broken down by shear forces in comparison with the less developed but more resistant structure of the low-fat yoghurt.
AROMA PROFILES AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF YOGHURT DURING STORAGE
Authors: HRUŠKAR Mirjana , VAHČIĆ Nada , RITZ Milana
Published: October 2024

It is known that more than 100 chemical compounds have been isolated from yoghurt and related milk products but only a few (acetaldehyde, ethanol, aceton, diacetyl and butanon-2) have a high impact on the desired product flavour. The concentration of these typical flavour compounds changed during storage depending on duration and temperature in depot. In this article six commercial brands of plain yoghurt were stored within 10 days on two diferent temperatures and every two days changes in acetaldehyde, diacetyl and ethanol were established. At the same time sensory evaluation was carried out. Acetaldehyde and ethanol concentration was determined by aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase method. Diacetyl was measured by a modification of the Hill’s colorimetric method. Sensory analysis was conducted by a five member panel, using a scoring system with weighted factors in the 20-point scale. Expert panel ratings were regressed against the concentations of aroma compounds for both temperature levels and linear relationship among them were determined. The most pronounced relationship expressed as correlation coefficients (r) between expert panel ratings and concentrations of individual compounds was observed with ethanol (r = –0.999) in yoghurt sample stored at +4 °C. Coefficients of correlation were generally high (from –0.722 to –0.999) and consequently very accurately predicting equations were obtained by regression analysis.
MILK PRODUCTS "LIGHT" - WHAT’S SO SPECIAL?
Authors: FOISSY H.
Published: October 2024

In Austria a "light"-regulation for milk products is in force based upon the so-called "Codex Alimentarius". In general, with regard to calorie content the label "light" can be used if a reduction of 1/3 of the calories is achieved compared with the original. But in the case of ripened cheeses "light" is reserved for those products which have a fat content lower than 25% FDM, and in the case of evaporated milk less than 100 calories per 100 g are necessary. Since Austria joined the EU, an additional EU fat regulation has come into force: this allows to sell types of butter called - accurately - "1/2-fat-butter" and "3/4-fat-butter". Fat substitutes based on starch, maltodextrins, indigestible hydrocolloids or on micro-particulated milk protein are relatively widespread. Synthetic fat substitutes with a structure similar to that of triglycerides can imitate the taste of fat quite well, but they are not generally accepted. On the contrary, sweeteners as substitutes for sucrose are much more accepted. The reduction or replace of cholesterol or salt in milk products is difficult. From a nutritional point of view it is questionable if "light"-products can contribute to an improvement of the health of the population, especially in avoiding of overweight.
Realizacja edukacji zdrowotnej w szkołach podstawowych i ponadpodstawowych z perspektywy doświadczeń i oceny studentów
Authors: Leksy Karina , Skowrońska-Pućka Agnieszka , Nawój-Połoczańska Joanna
Published: October 2024

Health education is an essential component of health promotion, constituting a process through which individuals and communities learn to prioritize and maintain their own and others’ health. Furthermore, it constitutes a pedagogical and didactic process conducted at all levels of education. It is unfortunate that, given that health education is integrated into other teaching subjects in Poland, there may be considerable doubt as to its reliable implementation and effectiveness. This article presents the findings of a study conducted among students regarding their experiences and perceptions of the implementation of health education at the primary and secondary school levels. The findings of the research demonstrate that health education was implemented in only 30% of cases at both levels of education. Furthermore, the content of these instances was limited to traditional topics related to a healthy lifestyle, without consideration of the numerous other factors that contribute to human health. Consequently, there is a pressing need to introduce health education as a separate subject, taking into account the socio-cultural and environmental contexts.
Introduction to the special issue on AI systems for the public interest
Authors: Züger Theresa , Asghari Hadi
Published: October 2024

AI systems have been promised to reduce CO2 emissions, monitor biodiversity, support accessibility, or help analyse human rights violations. They are often seen as a crucial part of the solutions needed in our times ranging from addressing the climate crisis, public health, to improvement of social services, or urban planning. We find the reference to artificial intelligence (AI) in many documents and debates of the policy realm, assigning it a strong potential to contribute to all these domains. AI for the public interest, and its close relatives, AI for (common or social) good, have become a common theme not only for tech companies, but also for political actors in the EU, including for instance international NGO networks. However, most often the definition of the public interest in the best case is limited to references to AI ethics. Yet, the practical meaning of what a good use of AI and a purpose “for good” entails in its development and implementation is unclear. What is often missing is an understanding that spells out in practice what it means for the process of development and deployment of AI systems to serve the public interest, let alone a holistic view on the conditions for AI to best serve the collective well-being.
Auf dem Weg zum gemeinsamen europäischen Kulturraum
Authors: Saur Klaus G.
Published: October 2024

Der wirtschaftliche Zusammenbruch der Länder des ehemaligen Ostblocks führte zur grotesken Situation, dass die große Chance der freien Information wegen fehlender Mittel nicht genutzt werden konnte. Durch Förderprogramme insbesondere der Bundesregierung, großzügige Rabattierung der Verlage und enge Zusammenarbeit mit den Bibliotheken konnten wesentliche Schritte unternommen werden, um diesen Zustand zu überwinden.
Identification of ocular artifact in EEG signals using VMD and Hurst exponent
Authors: Bisht Amandeep , Singh Preeti , Kaur Pardeep , Dalal Geeta
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Electroencephalographic (EEG) readings are usually infected with unavoidable artifacts, especially physiological ones. One such physiological artifact is the ocular artifacts (OAs) that are generally related to eyes and are characterized by high magnitude and a specific spike pattern in the prefrontal region of the brain. During the long-duration EEG acquisition, the retrieval of important information becomes quite complicated in prefrontal regions as ocular artifacts dominate the EEG recorded, making it difficult to discern underlying brain activity.

Methods

With the progress and development in signal processing techniques, artifact handling has become a progressive field of investigation. This paper presents a framework for the detection and correction of ocular artifacts. This study emphasizes improving the quality and reducing the time complexity by using higher-order statistics (HOS) for artifact identification and variational mode decomposition (VMD) for OA correction.

Results

An overall SNR of 14 dB, MAE of 0.09, and PSNR of 33.59 dB has been attained by the proposed framework.

Conclusions

It was observed that the proposed HOS-VMD surpassed the state-of-the-art mode decomposition techniques.
Comparing the register of seventeenth-century Dutch business letters to private letters: formulaic language and French-origin items
Authors: van der Wal Marijke , Rutten Gijsbert J.
Published: October 2024

In this article, we examine, quantitatively and qualitatively, Dutch business letters written by merchants, focusing on formulaic phrases and French suffix borrowing. The letters are part of the Prize Papers, the collection of documents confiscated by the English during times of warfare. We compare these business letters to private letters from the same source, and address the question whether the business letters constitute a particular register. The business letters, written by upper and upper-middle ranked male merchants from the seventeenth century, appear to differ from private letters written by people with a similar social profile. Frequent formulae highly characteristic of seventeenth-century private letters occur to a much lesser extent, if at all, in the business letters. Other formulae, some including Romance origin items (Laus deo, saluut, cordiale), occur more frequently in the business letters. The frequency of verbs with the French-origin suffix -eren is found to be higher in the business letters than in the private letters. Functional explanations are presented for these register differences: formulaic language is correlated with writing experience, and the use of French-origin items may be connected to the common vocabulary used in international trading networks. Similarities in phrasing are also revealed in a qualitative analysis of examples of private and business letters by the same writer. This finding demonstrates how similar private and business letters often were, thus challenging the idea of distinct registers.