bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of MLE for Some Index Distributions Based on Censored Samples
Authors: Liu Yunhan , Gao Changchun , Liu Xiaofeng , Luo Ping , Ren Jianguo
Published: October 2024

This paper elucidates the prerequisites for maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of parameters within the exponential and scale parameter families. Estimation of these parameters is predicated on data derived from censored samples and seeks to adhere to stochastic ordering principles. The study establishes that for two independent normal distributions and a two-parameter exponential distribution discernible by the distinct parameter sets, the MLEs of the parameters evince a stochastically ordered relationship when evaluated using full datasets. Furthermore, this research is extended to corroborate the persistence of stochastic ordering in the MLEs of such parameters under conditions of fixed censoring of samples.
Characterization of Phytoplankton-Derived Amino Acids and Tracing the Source of Organic Carbon Using Stable Isotopes in the Amundsen Sea
Authors: Min Jun-Oh , Kim Min-Seob , Lee Boyeon , Gal Jong-Ku , Jung Jinyoung , Kim Tae-Wan , Park Jisoo , Ha Sun-Yong
Published: October 2024

We utilized amino acid (AA) and carbon stable isotope analyses to characterize phytoplankton-derived organic matter (OM) and trace the sources of organic carbon in the Amundsen Sea. Carbon isotope ratios of particulate organic carbon (δ13C-POC) range from −28.7‰ to −23.1‰, indicating that particulate organic matter originated primarily from phytoplankton. The dissolved organic carbon isotope (δ13C-DOC) signature (−27.1 to −21.0‰) observed in the sea-ice melting system suggests that meltwater contributes to the DOC supply of the Amundsen Sea together with OM produced by phytoplankton. A negative correlation between the degradation index and δ13C-POC indicates that the quality of OM significantly influences isotopic fractionation (r2 = 0.59, p < 0.001). The AA distribution in the Amundsen Sea (5.43 ± 3.19 µM) was significantly larger than previously reported in the Southern Ocean and was associated with phytoplankton biomass (r2 = 0.49, p < 0.01). Under conditions dominated by P. antarctica (DI = 2.29 ± 2.30), OM exhibited greater lability compared to conditions co-dominated by diatoms and D. speculum (DI = 0.04 ± 3.64). These results highlight the important role of P. antarctica in influencing the properties of OM, suggesting potential impacts on carbon cycling and microbial metabolic activity in the Amundsen Sea.
Post-Lunch Napping as a Strategy to Enhance Physiological Performance and Cognitive Function in Elite Volleyball Players
Authors: Eken Özgür , Bozkurt Oguzhan , Türkmen Musa , Kurtoglu Ahmet , Alotaibi Madawi H. , Elkholi Safaa M.
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Volleyball demands high levels of anaerobic strength, flexibility, agility, and mental focus. Adequate sleep has been shown to enhance athletic performance and cognitive function. This study investigates the impact of post-lunch naps of varying durations (25 and 45 min) on the physiological performance and cognitive focus of elite volleyball players. Materials and Methods: Sixteen elite volleyball players (8 male, 8 female) with at least 7 years of competitive experience participated in a randomized crossover study. They underwent three experimental conditions: no nap (No-Nap), a 25-min nap (N25), and a 45-min nap (N45). Physical performance was measured through counter-movement jumps (CMJ) and volleyball agility tests, while cognitive function was assessed using the D2 attention test. Statistical analysis included repeated measures ANOVA to examine the differences between nap conditions and gender-specific responses. Results: Significant improvements in both physical performance and cognitive focus were observed in the N25 and N45 conditions compared to the No-Nap condition (indicating the effectiveness of short naps in enhancing both physical and mental performance). Males outperformed females in most physical metrics, while females scored higher on the D2 attention test (suggesting possible gender-specific responses to napping). The 25-min nap showed slightly better results in terms of sleep quality and subsequent performance (confirming that shorter naps may be more beneficial). Conclusions: Post-lunch naps, especially of 25 or 45 min, enhance both physiological and cognitive performance in elite volleyball players. These findings suggest that integrating short naps into athletes’ training regimens can improve performance and focus, with potential gender-specific benefits. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and variations across other sports.
Investigating the Impact of the Number of Medication Use on Depression Among Hypertensive Patients: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database
Authors: Alsulami Fahad T. , Almalki Atiah H. , Algarni Majed A. , Alzahrani Mohammad S. , Alqarni Yousef Saeed
Published: October 2024

Background and Objective: Hypertension is a prevalent chronic condition often treated with multiple medications, leading to polypharmacy, which can heighten the risk of adverse drug reactions and contribute to psychological issues like depression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between polypharmacy and depressive symptoms in hypertensive patients using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017 to 2020. Materials and Methods: This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2017 and March 2020. Results: Among 2543 hypertensive participants, 12.3% met the criteria for depression. The findings revealed that patients using 11 or more medications were ten times more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to those taking 1 to 2 medications (OR = 10.06, p < 0.001). Additionally, younger age (18 to 45 years), female gender, and lower educational attainment were significantly associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms. Specifically, females were 1.47 times more likely to experience depression compared to males (p = 0.032). Conclusions: This research highlights the substantial impact of medication burden on mental health among hypertensive patients, emphasizing the need for tailored clinical interventions for this vulnerable population.
Bleeding Events Associated with Rivaroxaban Therapy in Naive Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Longitudinal Study from a Genetic Perspective with INR Follow-Up
Authors: Ain Nur Ul , Ali Niaz , Ullah Abid , Ullah Shakir , Ahmad Shujaat
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Rivaroxaban is a direct-acting anticoagulant used to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Rivaroxaban is a substrate for P-glycoprotein, which is encoded by the ABCB1 gene. Rivaroxaban is also metabolized by the CYP3A5 gene. Therefore, the current study is carried out to study the effects of polymorphisms in the ABCB1 and CYP3A5 genes, which may affect the plasma levels of rivaroxaban, with subsequent clinical outcomes (bleeding events) associated with the therapy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 66 naive patients with atrial fibrillation treated with rivaroxaban. Blood samples of rivaroxaban were taken at 3 h and after 1 month following the administration of the drug to measure plasma levels. The blood level of rivaroxaban was measured with an HPLC-UV detector. Sanger sequencing was used to find polymorphisms in the targeted genes. Coagulation parameters were measured at 3 h and after 1 month of administration of rivaroxaban. Frequencies of bleeding events were recorded throughout the one-month course of drug therapy. Results: The heterozygous and homozygous mutant genotypes of ABCB1 (rs2032582, rs1045642, rs1128503, and rs4148738) and CYP3A5 (rs776746) showed lower plasma concentrations as compared to the wild-type genotype. ABCB1 (rs2032582, rs1045642, rs1128503, and rs4148738) and CYP3A5 (rs776746) gene polymorphisms had a statistically significant impact on the plasma concentration of rivaroxaban among the heterozygous and homozygous mutant genotypes compared to the wild-type genotype. The heterozygous variant of ABCB1 and homozygous variant of CYP3A5 suffered more events of bleeding. Conclusions: It was concluded that ABCB1 (rs2032582, rs1045642, rs1128503, and rs4148738) and CYP3A5 (rs776746) gene polymorphisms had a significant impact on the plasma levels of rivaroxaban in patients treated for atrial fibrillation on day three as well as after one month of the therapy. The lowest plasma levels were observed in patients with a homozygous variant of ABCB1 (rs2032582, rs1045642, or rs4148738) along with the CYP3A5*1/*3 allele. The heterozygous variant of ABCB1 SNPs and homozygous variant of CYP3A5 SNPs suffered more events of bleeding.
Development of a Meander-Coil-Type Dual Magnetic Group Circumferential Magnetostrictive Guided Wave Transducer for Detecting Small Defects Hidden behind Support Structures
Authors: Zhou Jinjie , Zhang Hang , Chen Yuepeng , Zhang Jitang
Published: October 2024

In order to solve the problem that small defects hidden behind pipeline support parts are difficult to detect effectively in small spaces, such as offshore oil platforms, a meander-coil-type dual magnetic group circumferential magnetostrictive guided wave transducer is developed in this paper. The transducer, which consists of a coil, two sets of permanent magnets, and a magnetostrictive patch, can excite a high-frequency circumferential shear horizontal (CSH) guided wave. The energy conversion efficiency of the MPT is optimized through magnetic field simulation and experiment, and the amplitude of the defect signal is enhanced 1.9 times. The experimental results show that the MPT developed in this paper can effectively excite and receive CSH2 mode guided waves with a center frequency of 1.6 MHz. Compared with the traditional PPM EMAT transducer, the excitation energy of the transducer is significantly enhanced, and the defects of the 2 mm round hole at the back of the support can be effectively detected.
Acceleration of Numerical Modeling of Uranium In Situ Leaching: Application of IDW Interpolation and Neural Networks for Solving the Hydraulic Head Equation
Authors: Kurmanseiit Maksat B. , Tungatarova Madina S. , Abdullayeva Banu Z. , Aizhulov Daniar Y. , Shayakhmetov Nurlan M.
Published: October 2024

The application of In Situ Leaching (ISL) has significantly boosted uranium production in countries like Kazakhstan. Given that hydrodynamic and chemical processes occur underground, mining enterprises worldwide have developed models of reactive transport. However, modeling these complex processes demands considerable computational resources. This issue is particularly significant in the context of numerical analyses of mining processes or when modeling production scenarios in uranium mining by the ISL technique, given that a substantial portion of computational resources is allocated to solving the hydraulic head equation. This work aims to explore the applicability of PINNs to accelerate hydrodynamic simulations of the ISL process. The solution of the Poisson equation is accelerated by generating an initial approximation for the iterative method through the application of the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation and PINNs. The impact of various factors, including the computational grid and the spacing between wells, on both the accuracy and efficiency of initial approximation and the overall solution of the elliptic equation are explored. Employing the hydraulic head distribution obtained through PINNs as the initial approximation led to a significant reduction in computation time and a decrease in the number of iterations by a factor of 2.8 to 7.10.
Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Upper Paleozoic Coal in the Renjiazhuang Mining District, Northwest Ordos Basin, China: Evidence for Sediment Sources, Depositional Environment, and Elemental Occurrence
Authors: Wu Meng , Qin Yong , Zhang Guchun , Shen Jian , Yu Jianxin , Ji Xiaoyan , Zhu Shifei , Wang Wenqiang , Wan Yali , Liu Ying , Qin Yunhu
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the depositional environment, sediment sources, and elemental occurrence of Upper Paleozoic coal in the Renjiazhuang Mining District, Western Ordos Basin. Furthermore, SEM-EDX, optical microscope (OM), ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and AAS were used. Compared with hard coal of the world, M3 coals were enriched in Ga, Li, Zr, Be, Ta, Hf, Nb, Pb, and Th, M5 coals were enriched in Li (CC = 10.21), Ta (CC = 6.96), Nb (CC = 6.95), Be, Sc, Ga, Hf, Th, Pb, Zr, In, and REY, while M9 coals were enriched in Li (CC = 14.79), Ta (CC = 5.41), Ga, W, Hf, Nb, Zr, Pb, and Th. In addition, minerals were mainly composed of kaolinite, dolomite, pyrite, feldspar, calcite, and quartz, locally visible minor amounts of monazite, zircon, clausthalite, chalcopyrite, iron dolomite, albite, fluorite, siderite, galena, barite, boehmite, and rutile. In addition, maceral compositions of M3 coals and M9 coals were dominated by vitrinite (up to 78.50%), while M5 coals were the main inertite (up to 76.26%), and minor amounts of liptinite. REY distribution patterns of all samples exhibited light REY enrichment and negative Eu anomalies. The geochemistry of samples (TiO2 and Al2O3, Nb/Y and Zr × 0.0001/TiO2 ratios, and REY enrichment types) indicates that the sediment sources of samples originated from felsic igneous rocks. Indicator parameters (TPI, GI, VI, GWI, V/I, Sr/Ba, Th/U, and CeN/CeN*) suggest that these coals were formed in different paleopeat swamp environments: M3 coal was formed in a lower delta plain and terrestrial (lacustrine) facies with weak oxidation and reduction, and M5 coal was formed in a terrestrial and dry forest swamp environment with weak oxidation–oxidation, while M9 coal was formed in a seawater environment of humid forest swamps and the transition from the lower delta plain to continental sedimentation with weak oxidation and reduction. Statistical methods were used to study the elemental occurrence. Moreover, Li, Ta, Hf, Nb, Zr, Pb, and Th elements were associated with aluminosilicates, and Ga occurred as silicate.
Activity Identification, Classification, and Representation of Wheelchair Sport Court Tasks: A Method Proposal
Authors: Deves Mathieu , Sauret Christophe , Alberca Ilona , Honnorat Lorian , Poulet Yoann , Hays Arnaud , Faupin Arnaud
Published: October 2024

Background: Monitoring player mobility in wheelchair sports is crucial for helping coaches understand activity dynamics and optimize training programs. However, the lack of data from monitoring tools, combined with a lack of standardized processing approaches and ineffective data presentation, limits their usability outside of research teams. To address these issues, this study aimed to propose a simple and efficient algorithm for identifying locomotor tasks (static, forward/backward propulsion, pivot/tight/wide rotation) during wheelchair movements, utilizing kinematic data from standard wheelchair mobility tests. Methods: Each participant’s wheelchair was equipped with inertial measurement units—two on the wheel axes and one on the frame. A total of 36 wheelchair tennis and badminton players completed at least one of three proposed tests: the star test, the figure-of-eight test, and the forward/backward test. Locomotor tasks were identified using a five-step procedure involving data reduction, symbolic approximation, and logical pattern searching. Results: This method successfully identified 99% of locomotor tasks for the star test, 95% for the figure-of-eight test, and 100% for the forward/backward test. Conclusion: The proposed method offers a valuable tool for the simple and clear identification and representation of locomotor tasks over extended periods. Future research should focus on applying this method to wheelchair court sports matches and daily life scenarios.
Interaction of Cooking-Generated Aerosols on the Human Nervous System and the Impact of Caloric Restriction Post-Exposure
Authors: Naseri Motahareh , Sadeghi Sahar , Malekipirbazari Milad , Nurzhan Sholpan , Gabdrashova Raikhangul , Bekezhankyzy Zhibek , Khanbabaie Reza , Crape Byron , Shah Dhawal , Amouei Torkmahalleh Mehdi
Published: October 2024

Background: The inhalation of cooking-generated aerosols could lead to translocation to the brain and impact its function; therefore, the effects of cooking-generated aerosols on healthy adults were investigated using an electroencephalograph (EEG) during the 2 h period post-exposure. Methods: To explore any changes from the impact of exposure to cooking-generated aerosols on the human brain due to the absence of food intake during exposure, we divided the study participants into three groups: (A) no food intake for 2 h (2 h-zero calorie intake), (B) non-zero calorie intake, and (C) control group (simulated cooking). Results: The ultrafine particle concentrations increased from 9.0 × 103 particles/cm3 at the background level to approximately 8.74 × 104 particles/cm3 during cooking. EEGs were recorded before cooking (step 1), 60 min after cooking (step 2), 90 min after cooking (step 3), and 120 min after cooking (step 4). Comparing the non-zero calorie group with the control group, it was concluded that exposure to cooking-generated aerosols resulted in a 12.82% increase in the alpha band two hours post-exposure, compared to pre-exposure. The results revealed that zero calorie intake after exposure mitigated the impacts of cooking-generated aerosols for the alpha, beta3, theta, and delta bands, while it exacerbated effects on the whole brain for the beta1 and beta2 bands. Conclusions: While these are short-term studies, long-term exposure to cooking-generated ultrafine particles can be established through successive short-term exposures. These results underscore the need for further research into the health impacts of cooking-generated aerosols and the importance of implementing strategies to mitigate exposure.
Oral Administration of a Novel, Synthetic Ketogenic Compound Elevates Blood β-Hydroxybutyrate Levels in Mice in Both Fasted and Fed Conditions
Authors: Soliven Maricel A. , Rogers Christopher Q. , Williams Michael S. , Thomas Natalya N. , Turos Edward , D’Agostino Dominic P.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Elevating ketone levels with therapeutic nutritional ketosis can help to metabolically manage disease processes associated with epilepsy, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Nutritional ketosis can be achieved with various dieting strategies such as the classical ketogenic diet, the modified Atkins diet, caloric restriction, periodic fasting, or the consumption of exogenous ketogenic supplements such as medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs). However, these various strategies can be unpleasant and difficult to follow, so that achieving and sustaining nutritional ketosis can be a major challenge. Thus, investigators continue to explore the science and applications of exogenous ketone supplementation as a means to further augment the therapeutic efficacy of this metabolic therapy. Methods: Here, we describe a structurally new synthetic triglyceride, glycerol tri-acetoacetate (Gly-3AcAc), that we prepared from glycerol and an acetoacetate precursor that produces hyperketonemia in the therapeutic range (2–3 mM) when administered to mice under both fasting and non-fasting conditions. Animal studies were undertaken to evaluate the potential effects of eliciting a ketogenic response systemically. Acute effects (24 h or less) were determined in male VM/Dk mice in both fasted and unfasted dietary states. Results: Concentration levels of β-hydroxybutyrate in blood were elevated (βHB; 2–3 mM) under both conditions. Levels of glucose were reduced only in the fasted state. No detrimental side effects were observed. Conclusions: Pending further study, this novel compound could potentially add to the repertoire of methods for inducing therapeutic nutritional ketosis.
Mediterranean Diet-Based Sustainable Healthy Diet and Multicomponent Training Combined Intervention Effect on Body Composition, Anthropometry, and Physical Fitness in Healthy Aging
Authors: Sampaio Joana , Pizarro Andreia , Pinto Joana , Oliveira Bruno , Moreira André , Padrão Patrícia , Guedes de Pinho Paula , Moreira Pedro , Barros Renata , Carvalho Joana
Published: October 2024

Background: Diet and exercise interventions have been associated with improved body composition and physical fitness. However, evidence regarding their combined effects in older adults is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a combined 12-week Mediterranean diet-based sustainable healthy diet (SHD) and multicomponent training (MT) intervention on body composition, anthropometry, and physical fitness in older adults. Methods: Diet intervention groups received a weekly SHD food supply and four sessions, including a SHD culinary practical workshop. The exercise program included MT 50 min group session, three times a week, on non-consecutive days. Body composition and physical fitness variables were assessed through dual X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometric measurements, and senior fitness tests. Repeated measures ANOVA, with terms for group, time, and interaction, was performed. Results: Our results showed that a combined intervention significantly lowered BMI and total fat. Also, significant differences between assessments in all physical fitness tests, except for aerobic endurance, were observed. Adjusted models show significant differences in BMI (p = 0.049) and WHR (p = 0.037) between groups and in total fat (p = 0.030) for the interaction term. Body strength (p < 0.001), balance tests (p < 0.001), and aerobic endurance (p = 0.005) had significant differences amongst groups. Considering the interaction term, differences were observed for upper body strength (p = 0.046) and flexibility tests (p = 0.004 sit and reach, p = 0.048 back scratch). Conclusions: Our intervention study demonstrates the potential of implementing healthy lifestyle and sustainable models to promote healthy and active aging.
Effects of a Carbohydrate Meal on Lipolysis
Authors: Kempf Kerstin , Martin Stephan
Published: October 2024

Background: Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, effective dietary recommendations are needed. Previously, we developed the low-insulin method: by avoiding insulinogenic, i.e., insulin-release-triggering foods, insulin secretion becomes reduced, lipolysis is stimulated, and energy production is shifted to ketosis with excess ketone bodies exhaled in the form of acetone. Now, we investigate how quickly stable ketosis (defined as fasting breath acetone concentration ≥ 7.0 ppm) is achieved, whether and for how long a carbohydrate meal inhibits ketosis, and whether the responses differ in healthy adults with different insulin levels. Methods: An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, and body composition and fasting insulin were determined at the beginning and end of the 14-day study. Participants (n = 10) followed a ketogenic diet and performed continuous glucose monitoring. Ketosis levels were determined by measuring breath acetone concentrations. On day 8, two white bread rolls with jam (72 g carbohydrates) were consumed for breakfast. Results: After seven days, all participants achieved stable ketosis (defined as fasting breath acetone concentration ≥ 7.0 ppm), which dropped from 8.2 to 5.7 ppm (p = 0.0014) after the carbohydrate meal. It took five days to achieve stable ketosis again. The stratification of participants into tertiles according to their fasting insulin levels demonstrated that individuals with low fasting insulin levels achieved stable ketosis again after two days and those with medium insulin levels after five days, while those with high baseline values did not reach stable ketosis by the end of the study. Conclusions: By carbohydrate restriction, stable ketosis can be achieved within one week. However, a single carbohydrate meal inhibits ketosis for several days. This effect is pronounced in individuals with elevated fasting insulin levels.
Dietary Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici GKA4, Dead Probiotic GKA4, and Postbiotic GKA4 Improves Cisplatin-Induced AKI by Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Organic Ion Transporters
Authors: Lin Jaung-Geng , Jiang Wen-Ping , Tsai You-Shan , Lin Shih-Wei , Chen Yen-Lien , Chen Chin-Chu , Huang Guan-Jhong
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) syndrome is distinguished by a quick decline in renal excretory capacity and usually diagnosed by the presence of elevated nitrogen metabolism end products and/or diminished urine output. AKI frequently occurs in hospital patients, and there are no existing specific treatments available to diminish its occurrence or expedite recovery. For an extended period in the food industry, Pediococcus acidilactici has been distinguished by its robust bacteriocin production, effectively inhibiting pathogen growth during fermentation and storage. Methods: In this study, the aim is to assess the effectiveness of P. acidilactici GKA4, dead probiotic GKA4, and postbiotic GKA4 against cisplatin-induced AKI in an animal model. The experimental protocol involves a ten-day oral administration of GKA4, dead probiotic GKA4, and postbiotic GKA4 to mice, with a cisplatin intraperitoneal injection being given on the seventh day to induce AKI. Results: The findings indicated the significant alleviation of the renal histopathological changes and serum biomarkers of GKA4, dead probiotic GKA4, and postbiotic GKA4 in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. GKA4, dead probiotic GKA4, and postbiotic GKA4 elevated the expression levels of HO-1 and decreased the expression levels of Nrf-2 proteins. In addition, the administration of GKA4, dead probiotic GKA4, and postbiotic GKA4 significantly reduced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3), autophagy-related proteins (LC3B, p62, and Beclin1), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins (GRP78, PERK, ATF-6, IRE1, CHOP, and Caspase 12) in kidney tissues. Notably, GKA4, dead probiotic GKA4, and postbiotic GKA4 also upregulated the levels of proteins related to organic anion transporters and organic cation transporters. Conclusions: Overall, the potential therapeutic benefits of GKA4, dead probiotic GKA4, and postbiotic GKA4 are significant, particularly after cisplatin treatment. This is achieved by modulating apoptosis, autophagy, ER stress, and transporter proteins to alleviate oxidative stress.
Is Fasting Superior to Continuous Caloric Restriction for Weight Loss and Metabolic Outcomes in Obese Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Siles-Guerrero Víctor , Romero-Márquez Jose M. , García-Pérez Rosa Natalia , Novo-Rodríguez Cristina , Guardia-Baena Juan Manuel , Hayón-Ponce María , Tenorio-Jiménez Carmen , López-de-la-Torre-Casares Martín , Muñoz-Garach Araceli
Published: October 2024

Background: fasting-based strategies (FBS) and continuous caloric restriction (CCR) are popular methods for weight loss and improving metabolic health. FBS alternates between eating and fasting periods, while CCR reduces daily calorie intake consistently. Both aim to create a calorie deficit, but it is still uncertain as to which is more effective for short- and long-term weight and metabolic outcomes. Objectives: this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of FBS and CCR on these parameters in obese adults. Methods: after screening 342 articles, 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 623 participants were included. Results: both interventions led to weight loss, with a reduction of 5.5 to 6.5 kg observed at the six-month mark. However, the results showed that FBS led to slightly greater short-term reductions in body weight (−0.94 kg, p = 0.004) and fat mass (−1.08 kg, p = 0.0001) compared to CCR, although these differences are not clinically significant. Both interventions had similar effects on lean mass, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and glucose metabolism. However, FBS improved insulin sensitivity, with significant reductions in fasting insulin (−7.46 pmol/L, p = 0.02) and HOMA-IR (−0.14, p = 0.02). Conclusions: despite these short-term benefits, FBS did not show superior long-term outcomes compared to CCR. Both strategies are effective for weight management, but more research is needed to explore the long-term clinical relevance of FBS in obese populations.
Assessing the Risk of QT Prolongation in a Psychiatric Inpatient Cohort: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Christensen Johan Frederik Mebus Meyer , Jürgens-Lahnstein Jonathan Hugo , Iljazi Afrim , Andersen Stig Ejdrup , Dahl Morten , Jürgens Gesche
Published: October 2024

Background: QT prolongation is a potential serious adverse drug reaction, and assessing the risk of QT-prolonging drugs is routinely included in psychotropic medication reviews. However, the actual clinical benefits of such assessments are unknown. We investigate whether QT prolongation (QTc value > 480 ms) manifests in psychiatric inpatients at risk of QT prolongation as identified by assessing drug regimens. Secondly, we test the predictive value of well-known risk factors for QT prolongation. Results: The median patient age was 49 years (IQR 34–64) for patients treated with a median of nine drugs (IQR 6–12) and a median QT-prolonging drug sum of three daily defined dosages (IQR 1.88–4.76). We extracted 290 ECGs for patients where pharmacist-led-medication reviews (PMRs) identified an increased risk of QT prolongation and 190 ECGs for patients with no such risk, identifying 33 cases of verified QT prolongation equally distributed between groups. Unadjusted regression analysis revealed that advanced age (OR 3.27 CI 95% 1.60–6.84) and cardiovascular comorbidity (OR 3.53 CI 95% 1.71–7.29) were associated with manifest QT prolongation, while the QT-prolonging drug load was not. Methods: We reviewed electronic health records (EHRs) of 799 psychiatric inpatients exposed to PMRs made from 1 September 2016 to 31 December 2018 in Region Zealand Denmark. Conclusions: Patients at risk of QT prolongation as identified by drug reviews rarely manifests with actual QT prolongation. Non-pharmacological risk factors seem to be better predictors for identifying patients with QT prolongation.
Correction: Viveros-Paredes et al. Neuroprotective Effects of β-Caryophyllene against Dopaminergic Neuron Injury in a Murine Model of Parkinson’s Disease Induced by MPTP. Pharmaceuticals 2017, 10, 60
Authors: Viveros-Paredes Juan M. , González-Castañeda Rocio E. , Gertsch Juerg , Chaparro-Huerta Veronica , López-Roa Rocio I. , Vázquez-Valls Eduardo , Beas-Zarate Carlos , Camins-Espuny Antoni , Flores-Soto Mario E.
Published: October 2024

In the original publication [...]
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Hemolytic Properties of Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata) Essential Oil: Potential Therapeutic Applications in Dermatology
Authors: Mrani Soukaina Alaoui , Zejli Hind , Azzouni Dounia , Fadili Driss , Alanazi Mohammed M. , Hassane Said Omar Said , Sabbahi Rachid , Kabra Atul , Moussaoui Abdelfattah El , Hammouti Belkheir , Taleb Mustapha
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and hemolytic properties of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) essential oil, with a focus on its potential therapeutic applications for dermatological diseases and the importance of transforming such bioactive properties into a stable, safe, and effective formulation. Methods/Rsults: Essential oils were extracted from flowers harvested in northern Grande Comore using hydro distillation at three different distillation times to examine the impact on yield and quality. Gas chromatographic analysis identified a complex mixture of compounds, including linalool, geranyl acetate, and benzyl benzoate. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, FRAP, TAC, and beta-carotene bleaching inhibition assays, revealing significant radical scavenging capabilities, with DPPH IC50 varying between 1.57 and 3.5 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showing promising inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentrations. Hemolytic tests indicated varying degrees of red blood cell damage, emphasizing the need for careful concentration management in therapeutic applications. Molecular docking studies highlighted potential therapeutic targets for dermatological conditions, identifying high binding affinities for specific compounds against proteins involved in acne, eczema, and psoriasis. Conclusions: This comprehensive analysis underscores the potential of ylang-ylang essential oil (YEOs) as a natural alternative for antimicrobial treatments and dermatological applications, with its success dependent on optimized extraction methods and precise formulation to reduce cytotoxic effects. A formulation approach is crucial to ensure controlled release, improve bioavailability, and minimize skin irritation.
Assessing the Neurodevelopmental Impact of Fluoxetine, Citalopram, and Paroxetine on Neural Stem Cell-Derived Neurons
Authors: Hosseini Kimia , Cediel-Ulloa Andrea , AL-Sabri Mohamed H. , Forsby Anna , Fredriksson Robert
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Many pregnant women globally suffer from depression and are routinely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These drugs function by blocking the re-uptake of serotonin by the serotonin transporter (SERT) into neurons, resulting in its accumulation in the presynaptic cleft. Despite a large amount of research suggesting a potential link to neurodevelopmental disorders in children whose mothers took these drugs during pregnancy, their possible adverse effects are still debated, and results are contradictory. On the other hand, there is an immediate need for improved cell-based models for developmental neurotoxicity studies (DNT) to minimize the use of animals in research. Methods: In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of paroxetine (PAR), fluoxetine (FLX), and citalopram (CIT)—on maturing neurons derived from human neural stem cells using multiple endpoints. Results: Although none of the tested concentrations of FLX, CIT, or PAR significantly affected cell viability, FLX (10 µM) exhibited the highest reduction in viability compared to the other drugs. Regarding neurite outgrowth, CIT did not have a significant effect. However, FLX (10 µM) significantly reduced both mean neurite outgrowth and mean processes, PAR significantly reduced mean processes, and showed a trend of dysregulation of multiple genes associated with neuronal development at therapeutic-relevant serum concentrations. Conclusions: Transcriptomic data and uptake experiments found no SERT activity in the system, suggesting that the adverse effects of FLX and PAR are independent of SERT.
Protective Effects of Annona Atemoya Extracts on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Renal Function in Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Serquiz Alexandre Coelho , Barros Gomes Joana de Angelis da Costa , Farias Naisandra Bezerra da Silva , Mafra Denise , Pereira de Lima Pietra Maria , de Oliveira Coutinho Daniella , Ribeiro Fernanda Priscila Barbosa , Rocha Hugo Alexandre de Oliveira , de Brito Alves José Luiz
Published: October 2024

Background: Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic heavy metal from agricultural activities, and its exposure can lead to impaired renal function by increasing reactive oxygen species. The atemoya fruit is known for its high phenolic and antioxidant compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of atemoya extracts on renal function, oxidative stress parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers in a cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity model. Methods: Three aqueous extracts were prepared from different parts of the atemoya fruit: seeds, peel, and pulp. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control, seed, peel, and pulp extracts at 2 g/kg for 25 days. All treatment groups administered intraperitoneal injections of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (2 mg/kg) to induce renal damage. Results: The cadmium-treated groups showed decreased creatinine clearance, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities (p < 0.05) and increased serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The treatment with seed, peel, and pulp extracts increased creatinine clearance (p < 0.05), increased SOD, CAT, and GPx activities (p < 0.05), and reduced serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 compared to the Cd group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study supports the use of atemoya as a promising candidate for mitigating nephrotoxicity and highlights the importance of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in renal health.
The Design of Novel 3D-Printed, Moulded, and Oral Viscous Budesonide Formulations for Paediatrics: A Comparative Evaluation of Their Mucoadhesive Properties
Authors: Magariños-Triviño María , Díaz-Torres Eduardo , Suárez-González Javier , Santoveña-Estévez Ana , Fariña José B.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Paediatric eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) treatment is challenging due to the limited number of age-appropriate formulations. This study aims to develop and evaluate oral viscous suspensions and solid formulations of budesonide (BUD), focusing on their in vitro mucoadhesive properties, to enhance drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes in paediatric EoE. Methods: This study encompasses the development of oral viscous suspensions and orodispersible solid formulations (moulded tablets and 3D-printed dosage forms) containing BUD. The formulations underwent quality control tests as per the European Pharmacopoeia, chemical stability assessments, and an in vitro evaluation of their mucoadhesiveness properties. Results: A validated analytical method enabled accurate BUD quantification and efficient extraction, and all developed formulations demonstrated chemical stability for 30 days, meeting Ph. Eur. quality standards. Three-dimensional printing using SSE successfully produced 1 mg and 0.5 mg BUD printlets, complying with quality tests for conventional tablets. Formulations containing xanthan gum (L2-XG and P1-0.5-XG) exhibited superior mucoadhesive properties. L2-XG showed significantly higher mucoadhesion than L1-MC. Among the solid formulations, P1-0.5-XG demonstrated the highest mucoadhesive properties. Conclusions: This is the first study to develop solid oral dosage forms of BUD at a very low dose, specifically for paediatric use. The results highlight the potential of 3D printing for developing individualised orodispersible BUD formulations with improved bioadhesion for paediatric EoE treatment. The L2-XG formulation and the XG-containing printlets are the most promising formulations in terms of increasing contact time with the oesophageal mucosa, which could translate into improved therapeutic efficacy in this patient population.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of ABS-like Resin for Stereolithography Versus ABS for Fused Deposition Modeling in Three-Dimensional Printing Applications for Odontology
Authors: Dias Gonçalves Victor Paes , Vieira Carlos Maurício Fontes , Simonassi Noan Tonini , Perissé Duarte Lopes Felipe , Youssef George , Colorado Henry A.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the differences in mechanical properties between acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) samples produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA) using ABS filaments and ABS-like resin, respectively. The central question is to determine how these distinct printing techniques affect the properties of ABS and ABS-like resin and which method delivers superior performance for specific applications, particularly in dental treatments. The evaluation methods used in this study included Shore D hardness, accelerated aging, tensile testing, Izod impact testing, flexural resistance measured by a 3-point bending test, and compression testing. Poisson’s ratio was also assessed, along with microstructure characterization, density measurement, confocal microscopy, dilatometry, wettability, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nanoindentation. It was concluded that ABS has the same hardness in both manufacturing methods; however, the FDM process results in significantly superior mechanical properties compared to SLA. Microscopy demonstrates a more accurate sample geometry when fabricated with SLA. It is also concluded that printable ABS is suitable for applications in dentistry to fabricate models and surgical guides using the SLA and FDM methods, as well as facial protectors for sports using the FDM method.
A Review of the Biomimetic Structural Design of Sandwich Composite Materials
Authors: Che Shanlong , Qu Guangliang , Wang Guochen , Hao Yunyan , Sun Jiao , Ding Jin
Published: October 2024

Sandwich composites are widely used in engineering due to their excellent mechanical properties. Accordingly, the problem of interface bonding between their panels and core layers has always been a hot research topic. The emergence of biomimetic technology has enabled the integration of the structure and function of biological materials from living organisms or nature into the design of sandwich composites, greatly improving the interface bonding and overall performance of heterogeneous materials. In this paper, we review the most commonly used biomimetic structures and the fusion design of multi-biomimetic structures in the engineering field. They are analyzed with respect to their mechanical properties, and several biomimetic structures derived from abstraction in plants and animals are highlighted. Their structural advantages are further discussed specifically. Regarding the optimization of different interface combinations of multilayer composites, this paper explores the optimization of simulations and the contributions of molecular dynamics, machine learning, and other techniques used for optimization. Additionally, the latest molding methods for sandwich composites based on biomimetic structural design are introduced, and the materials applicable to different processes, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, are briefly analyzed. Our research results can help improve the mechanical properties of sandwich composites and promote the application of biomimetic structures in engineering.
Role of Sintering Aids in Electrical and Material Properties of Yttrium- and Cerium-Doped Barium Zirconate Electrolytes
Authors: Loganathan Shivesh , Biswas Saheli , Kaur Gurpreet , Giddey Sarbjit
Published: October 2024

Ceramic proton conductors have the potential to lower the operating temperature of solid oxide cells (SOCs) to the intermediate temperature range of 400–600 °C. This is attributed to their superior ionic conductivity compared to oxide ion conductors under these conditions. However, prominent proton-conducting materials, such as yttrium-doped barium cerates and zirconates with specified compositions like BaCe1−xYxO3−δ (BCY), BaZr1−xYxO3−δ (BZY), and Ba(Ce,Zr)1−yYyO3−δ (BCZY), face significant challenges in achieving dense electrolyte membranes. It is suggested that the incorporation of transition and alkali metal oxides as sintering additives can induce liquid phase sintering (LPS), offering an efficient method to facilitate the densification of these proton-conducting ceramics. However, current research underscores that incorporating these sintering additives may lead to adverse secondary effects on the ionic transport properties of these materials since the concentration and mobility of protonic defects in a perovskite are highly sensitive to symmetry change. Such a drop in ionic conductivity, specifically proton transference, can adversely affect the overall performance of cells. The extent of variation in the proton conductivity of the perovskite BCZY depends on the type and concentration of the sintering aid, the nature of the sintering aid precursors used, the incorporation technique, and the sintering profile. This review provides a synopsis of various potential sintering techniques, explores the influence of diverse sintering additives, and evaluates their effects on the densification, ionic transport, and electrochemical properties of BCZY. We also report the performance of most of these combinations in an actual test environment (fuel cell or electrolysis mode) and comparison with BCZY.
Experimental Investigation and Statistical Analysis of Recycled Asphalt Pavement Mixtures Incorporating Nanomaterials
Authors: Shylaja Preethi , Ravichandran P. T.
Published: October 2024

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) materials are used as substitutes for new materials in asphalt pavement construction, leveraging the engineering and commercial benefits of the aged binders and aggregate matrixes in RAP. These asphalt mixtures impart significant variations in volumetric properties and asphalt mixture characteristics. The current study investigates the Marshall properties, moisture susceptibility, and rutting behavior of 24 recycled asphalt mixtures developed with nanosilica and nanoclay. RAP material percent, nanomaterial content, binder grade, and extra binder were considered the factors influencing asphalt mixture performance. The above factors were analyzed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to predict the Marshall and volumetric properties. Also, this investigation covers the moisture susceptibility and rut characteristics of recycled nanomaterial-modified Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) and Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) mixes developed with Viscosity Grade 30 (VG-30) and Polymer-Modified Bitumen-40 (PMB-40). The chemical additive Zycotherm was used to develop WMA mixes. The test results indicate that adding RAP material at higher percentages and modifying the binder with nanomaterials affected moisture susceptibility with reduced moisture damage. Recycled nanosilica-modified HMA mixes developed with PMB-40 at higher RAP percentages reported higher tensile strength ratio (TSR) values in contrast with VG-30 mixes, indicating their greater susceptibility toward moisture-induced damage. The rutting potential of all of the recycled asphalt mixture combinations was enhanced by densely packed aggregate structures optimized with nanomaterials, total binder content, and RAP materials developed using the Marshall method. Overall, the nanosilica-modified recycled asphalt mixes developed with PMB40 at higher RAP percentages showed better performance in terms of strength and durability.