bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for Making Production-Related Decisions on the basis of Shadow Prices
Authors: FUKSA Dariusz
Published: May 2021

This article describes how shadow prices can be used as active constraints (in this case constraints of mine production capacity)to address and support production-related decision-making. This is an algorithm from a post-optimal analysis developed by theauthor as part of a method for rationalising production decisions for a formal group (PGG, a company) of hard coal mines.Opportunities for using shadow prices are presented using examples of actual mines. The developed algorithm provides a quickway of obtaining information, with no need to solve the problem again, about possible gains or losses resulting from an increase ora decrease in a selected production limit, to determine how changes to such constraints will affect the profits and production andsales structures for specific coal sizes.
Effect of a complex preparation with inducers of resistance to pathogens on the infection of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Grits A. N. , Karasiova E. N. , Makarova T. D. , Rybinskaya K. I. , Olshanikova A. L. , Yanchevskaya T. G. , Viazau Y. V. , Kuryanchyk T. G. , Savina S. M. , Shalygo N. V.
Published: May 2021

The content of reactive oxygen species, the activity of key antioxidant enzymes ‒ ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, the level of expression of the hypersensitive response marker gene (HSR) as well as potato virus X particles content in cv. Uladar seedlings grown on an ion-exchange substrate in the presence of a complex preparation containing chitosan, Bacillus subtilis bacteria-based preparation and salicylic acid, when infected potato virus X. Accumulation of the reactive oxygen species, increase in ascorbate peroxidase activity, a lower level of HSR gene expression and a lower content of virus X particles in potato plants under such conditions are shown. An increase in both the number of potato minitubers and dry matter content in them was also registered when plants were grown on an ion-exchange substrate in the presence of a complex preparation.
Complex character of the influence of polycarboxylic and phosphonic acids on the crystallization of calcium and magnesium salts in dynamic conditions
Authors: Vorobieva E. V. , Vorobiev A. D. , Shestak I. V. , Cherednichenko D. V. , Bucha S. V.
Published: May 2021

The influence of water-soluble organic compounds (adipic, polyaspartic and phosphonic acids) and their compositions on the crystallization of calcium and magnesium salts in dynamic conditions has been studied. It is found that the induction period of phase formation increases in the presence of polyaspartic and phosphonic acids 2.3–5.2 times in the range of their content from 0.05 to 0.2 ppm. The results of XRD and electron microscopic studies confirm the change in the phase composition and morphology of the crystalline precipitate that is formed. The dibasic carboxylic acid influence on the induction period, composition and structure of the precipitate is much less. It is established that the composition of organic acids also increases the induction period of phase formation. The complex inhibitor provides an increase in the critical supersaturation level in the system. The phosphonic and carboxyl groups of the inhibitor interact with calcium and magnesium ions and block the crystallization nuclei. When interacting with the dicarboxylic acid and polyacid adsorption on the surface of the formed crystals, the microcrystals dissolve.
The influence of old age on cardioprotective efficiency of pharmacological postconditioning using lactic acid in ischemia-reperfusion of the myocardium in experiment
Authors: Chepelev S. N. , Vismont F. I. , Goubkin S. V. , Maslov L. N.
Published: May 2021

Not only the prevalence, but also the death rate from the coronary heart disease, including myocardial infarction, is higher in older people than among young people. A demographic shift towards an aging population will lead to a further increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among the elderly population. Therefore, one of the urgent aims of modern experimental and clinical medicine is to develop methods aimed at limiting reversible and irreversible damage to the myocardium, including in elderly patients. There are a lot of the data supporting the cardioprotective efficiency of such phenomena as ischemic and pharmacological pre- and postconditioning that reduce ischemic and reperfusion damage in young hearts. However, the information on the effectiveness of these phenomena in experiments on old animals is very scarce, contradictory, and not fully understood. The aim of the study was to experimentally evaluate the influence of old age on the reproducibility of the cardioprotective efficiency of pharmacological postconditioning using lactic acid in ischemia-reperfusion of the myocardium. In the course of the study, it was found that neutral lactate, after being administered into the blood flow of animals at a dose of 10 mg/kg 25 minutes after the onset of reperfusion, leads to a decrease in the infarct size of the left ventricle of the myocardium in old rats. Pharmacological postconditioning using lactate is not effective in reducing the duration of cardiac arrhythmias in ischemia-reperfusion of the myocardium in old rats; however, there is a tendency to reduce the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias and the total duration of cardiac arrhythmias. The obtained data suggest that the presence of such a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases as old age is not a criterion to exclude the use of pharmacological postconditioning with lactate as a way to reduce ischemia and reperfusion injury of myocardium.
Principal directions for improving the mechanism for ensuring food security of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Pilipuk A. V/ , Gusakov G. V. , Rastorgouev P. V. , Kondratenko S. A. , Karpovich N. V. , Pochtovaya I. G. , Lobanova L. A.
Published: May 2021

Food security largely determines stability of the entire economic system. The Republic of Belarus overcame the deficiency and ensured food security, as well as formed a significant export potential in the agri-food sector of the economy. In this regard, outside views on the Belarusian model of ensuring food security are of particular interest. There is an objective need to ensure undeniable competitive advantages of domestic food products in terms of quality safety, expanding the marketing potential of Belarusian products in the domestic and foreign markets, and effectively integrating the national agro-industrial complex into the global market space. The paper presents conceptual directions for improving the mechanism for ensuring food security of the Republic of Belarus. Trends of physical and economic availability of food in the domestic market, some destructive factors and potential threats have been revealed. Feasibility of developing national plan for implementation of provisions of the Doctrine and the principles of its arrangement have been substantiated, including: consistency with the model of ensuring national food security and independence; compliance with the criteria for sustainable development of the social-and-economic system of the agri-food complex; stakeholder inclusiveness and accountability; operational and strategic monitoring of the efficiency of measures, etc. The main units of measures are proposed, which cover creation of an efficient monitoring and management system; ensuring quality and safety of food in the domestic market; promotion and implementation of principles of healthy diets among population; regulation of the domestic market balance; increasing the competitiveness of the domestic agri-food complex; creation of favorable competitive environment; development of scientific, innovation and investment potential. This development will increase the efficiency of the Doctrine of National Food Security as a strategic planning document, as well as substantiate and introduce the mechanisms required for solving the assigned tasks.
Formation of economic and information relations in the agricultural sector of the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Semenov S. R. , Semenov N. S.
Published: May 2021

The agricultural sector of the Kyrgyz Republic needs to address a number of priority measures caused by the global crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the country’s economic development, which was reflected in decrease in exports and a slowdown in economic growth. Joint cooperation with the states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) assumes interstate interaction to regulate the common agricultural market, develop international integration and cooperation, which helps to equalize economic risks, preserve and develop own production in the field of agriculture. Activation of economic and information relations processes in agriculture of the republic, development of innovation and investment activities, construction of new methods for approach to formation of the export potential of the industry, internal and external interaction of the state bodies of the country with the economic entities in agribusiness and development of market relations, is especially relevant. The paper presents the results of methodological study and offers practical recommendations for ensuring sustainable development of the agricultural sector, as well as ways to improve new legal, economic and management decisions. Based on building of system of sectoral and statistical indicators, an assessment of functioning was made for the flour-grinding industry, sector of crop and livestock products, direction of promoting the export potential and export opportunities of the agricultural industry was studied, the labor potential and its possibilities in development of food production and peasant (farm) households, the assessment of investments level in the economy and agricultural sector of the republic has been given. Recommendations have been proposed for the current assessment of agricultural production at the level of organizations and peasant (farm) households, in order to achieve better results in the field of economic and information relations based on public administration.
Use of remote sensing data obtained from UAVs to assess the biomass productivity of Silphium perfoliatum
Authors: Myslyva T. N. , Sheliuta B. V. , Nadtochy P. P. , Kutsayeva A. A.
Published: May 2021

Agromonitoring is one of the most important sources of obtaining up-to-date and timely information about the state of agricultural crops. It is possible to speed up and reduce the cost of its implementation process using remote sensing data (RSD) obtained with the help of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Possibility of using ultra-high-resolution remote sensing to determine productivity of Silphium perfoliatum biomass has been evaluated using Phantom-4ProV 2.0 UAV. The shooting was carried out in RGB mode, the shooting height was 50 m, the spatial resolution was 2.5 cm. Based on the results of the survey, a height map and orthomosaic were created, which were later used to assess productivity of plants. To obtain the plant height values, the difference between the vegetation cover heights obtained from the surface model raster and the minimum height determined within the raster has been calculated. The actual height of plants measured in the field was compared with the data obtained using the UAV, and after the biomass productivity calculated from the actual and predicted heights was determined. The determination coefficient for equation of paired linear regression between the actual and predicted values of productivity made 0.97, and the value of the average approximation error was 3.3 %. To verify the results obtained, 60 samples of biomass were taken in the field within the study area, with the length of the plants determined using a tape measure, and the sampling sites coordinated using GPS positioning. 13 vegetation indices have been determined using pixel-based calibrated orthomosaic and normalized RGB channels, four of which (ExG, VARI, WI, and EXGR) showed to be suitable for creating a predictive model of multiple linear regression, which allows estimating and predicting the productivity of Silphium perfoliatum biomass during stemming phase with an error not exceeding 2 %. The results of the study can be useful both in development of prediction methods and in the direct prediction of Silphium perfoliatum biomass and other forage crops productivity, in particular Helianthus annuus and Helianthus tuberosus.
Оil content in chickpea seeds of the national collection of Ukraine
Authors: Vus N. A. , Vasylenko A. A. , Kobyzeva L. N. , Besuhla O. V. , Antziferova O. V. , Sylenko S. I.
Published: May 2021

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important legume crop grown and consumed worldwide. Oil content in chickpea seeds ranges from 4 % to 7 % according to various data sources. Considering the interest of breeders in this issue, as well as for the purpose of inventory of the presented chickpea genetic material in the collection of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine, these studies were carried out. Field experiments were carried out in 2016-2018 in the scientific crop rotation of the Plant Production Institute n.a. V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS (Kharkiv, Ukraine). 43 samples (21 - kabuli type and 22 - desi type) of different ecological and geographical origin were studied. Oil content in chickpea seeds was determined using gravimetric method of S. V. Rushkovsky (Yermakov, 1987) in the laboratory for genetics, biotechnology and quality of the Plant Production Institute n.a. V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS. On average, over the years of study, in the kabuli type accessions, the oil content level in the seeds made 7.08 %; for accessions - 6.05 %. The range of variability of this trait for the kabuli chickpea ranged from 5.22 % to 8.69 %, and for desi - from 4.40 % to 7.26 %. A low variability of the studied trait was noted for both the kabuli (V = 6.88-15.04 %) and for desi (V = 8.98-14.15%) chickpea cultivars. The advantage in terms of oil content in seeds, regardless of the growing conditions, was retained for the kabuli type. The accessions with the maximum level of the “oil content in seeds” trait manifestation were selected as “reference” for each type: for kabuli - variety Pamyat (Ukraine) - 7.95 %, for desi - Yarina (Ukraine) - 7.13 %. The best oil-bearing chickpea samples can be used in specialized programs to create new genotypes with a higher oil content in seeds.
Structural and dynamic features of self-organization of social systems: philosophical and methodological aspects
Authors: Ermakov E. S.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to studying the features of self-organization of social systems and its structural and dynamic characteristics in the context of the post-non-classical paradigm. Key attention is paid to the analysis of the openness of social systems as the most important prerequisite for their self-organization. In this regard, the phenomenon of vitality is proposed as a structural and dynamic component of self-organization, on the basis of which the role of a person in this process as an “observer-participant” is specified, due to the circumstances of human life. Further directions of social self-organization research are suggested.
Production and sociocultural activities of the Belarusian society of the Deaf (2011–2015)
Authors: Melekhovets V. F.
Published: May 2021

The article reflects the socio-cultural and industrial activities of the public association “Belarusian Society of the Deaf” (“BelOG”) in 2011–2015. This article, the material of which is based on the sources of the current archive of the Central Board of the Belarusian Society of the Deaf and others, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, will fill the gap in historical science, given that this period of the association’s activity is not reflected in historiography, there is only episodic information about the Belarusian Society of the Deaf at the specified time. Despite the difficult economic situation in the manufacturing sector of “BelOG”, caused by the consequences of the financial crisis in the Republic of Belarus (2009), partial financing of socio-cultural events and facilities continued. However, at the same time, this period was full of significant achievements in solving the problems of the linguistic rights of the hearing impaired, the development of studies of the Belarusian Sign Language, culture, sports and the historical heritage of the Belarusian Society of the Deaf.
SMART TECHNOLOGY BASED ON FINANCIAL CONTENT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Medvedovskyi Denys
Published: May 2021

This article deals with the development of “Smart” technology, which is being developed on the basis of financial content management. Nowadays the evolution of smart technologies is impossible without the Internet and human intelligence. These two phenomena have become interconnected and formed a new definition, which was given the term “content management”. As the world began to undergo social transformation in the digital age, finance has become an integral part of it. A completely new definition of “financial content management” has appeared, which was not previously known to mankind. In the period of global digitalization society needs the development characteristic of today. In the world of finance, this is accompanied by processes that have received the term “smart technologies”. These smart technologies create new processes that are combined with the development of society, and also have a significant impact on finance as a separate industry. The article formulates the main idea of the future development of financial content management and the relationship of smart technologies with finance. It has been proven that smart technologies are an integral part of the development of the future society, and “financial content management” is a target component of finance.
Steady State Levels of Tilmicocin and Enrofloxacin in Lung Tissues and Plasma of Broiler Chicks
Authors: Al –Khayyat A. A.
Published: May 2021

A total of 54 broiler chicks were used to study the steady state levels ofTilmicocin and Enroflxacin in lung tissues and plasma.Microbiological assay, using Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 9225) or Saricinea leutus(ATCC 272) as test organisms for Enrofloxacin and Tilmicocin respectively,was employed to estimate the drugs levels.The birds were divided equally into two groups at the age of 21 days.The first group received Enrofloxacin at an estimated dose of 10 mg/kg bodyweight in drinking water for three consecutive days, while Tilmicocin was givenin the same way but at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight .Samples of lung tissuesand plasma were collected from birds of each group at scheduled periods (6, 12,18, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after beginning of treatment).The plateau of enrofloxacin level in lung tissues and plasma wasachieved after approximetly 12 hours of the beginning of treatment and rangedfrom 0.90 – 1.26 ug/ gram and 0.50 – 0.86 ug/ ml respectively.The level declines immediately after termination of treatment (72 hours).Tilmicocin plateau level was achieved after 18 hours and ranged in lung tissuesand plasma from 2.25 -2.70 ug /gram and 0.98 -1.65 ug/ml respectively but theplatuae level continue through out the whole time of the experiment (120 hours).The ratio of Tilmicocin level in the lung tissues to plasma wassignificantly higher than that of enrofloxacin at 12 and 48 hours periods.It was concluded that Tilmicocin may be more effective thanEnrofloxacin in respiratory diseases.
Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Al qinnabry Plant Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. on the dwarf tape worm Hymenolepis nana
Authors: Alalousi T. I.
Published: May 2021

This study involved effect of alcoholic extract of Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.Plant on Hymenolepis nana at dose (50,100,250) mg/ml respectively andacomparison between effect of the extract and mebendazole drug in allexperiments. The results of these experiments were indicated that the out putrates of the egg of H. nana in the Faeces were effected the efficacy of extractsand drug treatments were varied in the daily counts through the experiments andit appeared that they were proportional increasing with the increasing of the dosethey are (91.5%, 86.7%, 86.2%) on days (8, 9, 10) at (250) mg / kg dose for theFresh plant and (89.7%,87.7%,83.9%) for the drug part respectively. Themebendazole drug appeared the effect ivness comparing with the extractefficiency was (100%) in the fifth day at (250) mg / kg. After the oraladministrating the maxture off egg and plant extracts for the mice, the effect ofextracts was evident on the growth and the development of the eggs. Thenumber of eggs increased according to the dose raising the patient period weredelayed about of the 4 days by using (250) mg / kg of the extracts. Further more,the number of eggs were decreased at the same doses of the fresh and dryextracts, when the count were (110, 100) eggs/gram of faeces respectively, incomparing with control group the effect of mebendazole drug was more thanthat of the extracts in that patient periods was delayed for (8) days in theconcentration of (250) mg/kg the output of the eggs was decreased to low levelscomparing with extracts and control group.
Using Punica l. Shell Extract As A bacteriostatic For Staphylococcus aureus And Inhancing Locally Processed Sausage
Authors: Ali Ali H.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate Punica L. shell extract as abacteriostatic for Staphylococcus aureus Invitro , and select the minimaldosage to used as a food additive with species for processing locally sausageand evaluate the microbial and sensory quality .The results obtained revealedthat 0.22 % of Punica L. extract was the minimum dose has the effectivebacteriostatic for Staph. aureus Invitro and adding this percentage in mixtureof locally processed sausage significantly decreased total bacterial count andno growth of Staph. aureus were noticed . No significant differences in the
Isolation &Identification of Newcastle Disease Virus From Wild Pigeons
Authors: AL-bana Anton Sabri
Published: May 2021

Isolation &identification of Newcastle disease virus from wild pigeonsinhabiting University of Baghdad (Al-Khwarizmi College of engineering)where velogenic and devastating infection of birds was encountered. Chickenembryos fibroblasts (CEF) were used for virus isolation (from infectedspleen and lungs) and propagation. Viral cytopathogenic effect was noticedon infected (CEF) cell culture within (24) hr post inoculation. The virus wasidentified by heamagglutination inhibition (HI) test using reference antiNDV serum.
Effect of Temperature on the Viability of Protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus invitro
Authors: Atia Amall Hassan
Published: May 2021

A study was conducted invitro to determine the effects of storage attemperature 4 Cº upon the survival of protoscolices of Echinococcusgranulosus from 86 hydatid cysts isolated from infected donkeys . Flam cellactivity was the choice for viability , in addition using vital stain (0.1%aqueous eosin) . The result showed that higher percentage survival 94.41%in hydatid fluid for 9 days . The longest survival times of any of the samplestested was 81 days with the survival percentage 85% and the lowest was 33%for 13 days , showing movement till the end of this period . Our resultsproved the protoscolices removed from cyst retain their survival for severalweeks at refrigerator temperature when stored in hydatid fluid in test tubes .
PREPARING OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVICIAE SYNBIOTIC FOR REDUCING EXPERMENTAL INFECTION OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN BROILER 1 –EARLY AGE ( 1 –15 DAYS )
Authors: Al-Obaidi Faris A.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted at the College of Veterinary Medicine ,University of Baghdad to prepare synbiotic of  Sacch. cerevisiae  and used as 0.1 and 0 .2 % of feed (T2,T3) for reducing the experimental infection of Salmonella typhimurium  to  broiler  chicks  ( 1-15 days)  by  using 40 birds

divided into four treatments , T1 was negative control with 0.1 % synbiotics and T4 was positive control with experimental infection only , production and blood parameters were studed , and the results showed the following: A synbiotic of Sacch. cerevisiae was prepared at the first time locally which have 10 7 cfu of  Sacch. cerevisiae and 10 mg Mannan Oligosaccharide per gram  .  Using  0.1  and  0.2  %  of  Sacch.  cerevisiae  synbiotic  improved production parameters and reduced experimental infection via increase body weight and feed conversion and decrease mortality and physiological stress of experimental infection by rebalance of some studied blood parameters

which inclued PCV , RBCs , WBCs and Hb.
Effect of Feeding Feed Blocks Enriched with Different Sources of Protein on the Performance of Awassi Ewes during Late Pregnancy, Suckling and Milking Stages
Authors: Ibrahim Hadeel K.
Published: May 2021

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding feedblocks (FB) enriched with different sources of protein on the performance ofAwassi ewes during late pregnancy, suckling and milking stages. Experiment(1) was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding feed blocks enriched withdifferent sources of protein on the performance of Awassi ewes during latepregnancy. Eighty pregnant Awassi ewes (mean live weight 09.91±0.31 Kg),aged 3-5 years were allocated into four groups according to ewes’ live weight.First group (T1) fed ordinary high energy FB (OFB) + straw (ad-libitum). Thesecond group (T2) fed FB enriched with cottonseed meal (FBCSM) + straw (adlibitum).The third group (T3) fed FB enriched with sunflower seed meal(FBSSM) + straw (ad-libitum). The fourth group (T4) fed barley grains + straw(ad-libitum) (Farmer practice). Experiment (2) was conducted to investigate theeffect of feeding high energy feed blocks enriched with different sources ofprotein on the performance of Awassi ewes during suckling and milking stages.Sixty-four Awassi ewes (mean live weight 03.62 ±1.13 kg), aged 3-5 years wereallocated into four groups according to ewes’ live weight and milk yield. Firstgroup (T1) fed OFB + barley grains + straw (ad-libitum). The second group(T2) fed FBCSM + barley grains + straw (ad-libitum). The third group (T3)FBSSM + barley grains + straw (ad-libitum). The fourth group (T4) fed barleygrains + straw (ad-libitum) (Farmer practice). The experimental diets were fedduring the last six weeks of pregnancy, 90 days during suckling stage and 45days during milking stage. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that despite nosignificant differences between the four groups on studied traits (ewes weightchanges and lambs birth weight), but there was a trend the groups (T1, T2 andT3) fed FB performed better than group T4 fed according to the farmer’spractice. Group T2 that was fed FBCSM had slightly better performance thangroups T1, T3 and T4, which were fed OFB, FBSSM and farmer, practice dietsrespectively.
study the effect of alcoholic and watery extracts of garlic and onion plants on growth of candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro&vivo
Authors: A. Abd-Alshaheed D.
Published: May 2021

This research included study the effect of garlic and onion plantsextracts(alcoholic and watery) in vitro in three different concentrations15%,25%,35% and in vivo in experimental white mice .Research wasperformed by three experiments, first one was conducted to studyeffectiveness of different concentration of alcoholic and watery garlicextract on growth of candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans invitro, showed that the effect of alcoholic extract on the growth of candidaalbicans was inhibitory,started from 0.4 mm to 0.1 mm compared withcontrol plats 4.2 mm ,where as the results of the effect on the growth ofCryptococcus neoformans showed more clearness and the inhibitionstarted from 0.6 to inhibit all the growth in plat in comparison withcontrol plats1.4 mm. While the effect of watery garlic extract showed lesseffect and the inhibition began from 0.5 mm to 0.2 mm for candidaalbicans , but the growth inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans beganfrom 0.4 to 0.15 mm.The second experiment was the same as the firstexperiment , but using alcoholic and extracts onion , the growth ofcandida albicans inhibited by alcoholic exract from 0.6 mm to no growthin the plat , but the inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans was startedfrom 0.5mm to 0.2 mm for alcoholic onion extract. While the wateryonion extract effect on the growth of candida albicans the inhibitionstarted from 1.6 mm to 1 mm ,but the inhibition of Cryptococcusneoformans was began from 1 mm to 0.3 mm.Third experiment was study the effect of crude garlic and onion alcoholicextract ointment 1% on experimental infection in mice , using 30experimental mice divided to 6 equal groups,each group include 5 mice*groups which infected with candida albicans treated :The group 1,2,3,expermrutly infected with candida albicans ,where asgroup 3,4,6 were infected with Cryptococcus neoformans for 1,2,3 group,treted with the ointment of alcoholic extract of garlic, group 2 treatedwith alcoholic extract ointment of onion, where as group 3 left with notreatment as a control group
Control of the infection with Brucella melitensis in cattle
Authors: S. Hussein A.
Published: May 2021

Sera from1722 cattle of different age (3 months to 8 years) wereexamined by the Rose Bengal and tube agglutination test: 134 cow givepositive result and the overal Brucella seroprevalence was (8%) milksamples zeropositive milking cattle were cultured on Brucella selecativemedia.Seropositive cattle (102) were treated for the first time with long actingoxytetracyclin at the dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight administeredintramuscularly (i.m) every 2 days for 30 days and streptomycin at 25mg/kg (i.m) every 2 days for 16 days.The regimen was found to be effective in eliminating the shedding ofBrucella organisms by cattle in milk.Moreover all treated cattle became zeronegative within 16 months aftertreatment…zeronegative cattle (1588)were vaccinated for the first timewith the Br.Melitensis as follows1. 362 young cattle(aged three months to one year)were each inoculatedsubcutaneously with a full dose(1×106)viable organisms in 1 ml, Brucellaantibody titers were detected 2-4 weeks post vaccination then decreasedgradually until the animals became zeronegative 8 months aftervaccination.2. 1226cattle aged more than one year were each inoculatedsubcutaneously with reduced dose (1×103 viable organism in 1ml)antibody titers measured 2-4 weeks post vaccination then decreasedgradually until the animals became zeronegative 3 months postvaccination.No Brucella organisms were seen from repeated udeersecretion samples from all vaccinated milking cattle, and no abortionswere recorded among pregnant vaccinated cattle.
Study the effect of ewe's pregnancy stages on blood parasitemia of some protozoa infections (Theileria hirci and Anaplasma marginale) and total, differential of white blood cells counts
Authors: Al-Rhman L.Y. Abd
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study to mentioned the effect of pregnancy on blood parasitemia of some protozoalinfections and total, differential of white blood cells counts from 22 Awassi ewes 3-3.5 years agenaturally infected by Theileria hirci and Anaplasma marginale.Our results showed that there was a positive relationship between the development of pregnancy stagesand the blood parasitemia till reach the highest levels during the last months (fourth and fifth) ofpregnancy of Theileria hirci and Anaplasma marginale 3±0.06%, 2.29±1% and 0.77±0.15%,1.09±0.87% respectively.The total white blood cells count decrease in the first month of pregnancy (5.780±0.54×10³cell/mm³), while increased during the others which reach the highest level in the fourth month ofpregnancy (10.000±0.46×10³ cell/mm³) and then decreased to the lowest level during the lactationmonth (4.920±0.82×10³ cell/mm³) comparison to control group (6.550±0.71×10³ cell/mm³). Neutrophilswere increased during the three months which reach the maximum level during the third month(40±1.98%) and then decreased to the lowest level during the lactation month (25.36±3.46%)comparison to control group (31.46±3.26%). On the other hand, lymphocytes were decreased during thefirst three months to reach the lowest level in the first month (46.8±8.42%) and then return to increasedduring the last tow months of pregnancy to reach to high level in the lactation period (70.79±4.13%)comparison to control group (62.76±3.64%). Monocytes were increased during all pregnancy stages andreach the maximum level in second month (7.4±0.75%) comparison to control group (3.98±0.44%).Same results showed eosinophils except they decreased sharply during the second month (0.8±0.72%)from maximum level in the first month (14.4±4.96%) and slightly decreased during lactation period(1.93±0.56%). Our results showed that the pregnancy stages have a direct effect on blood parasitemia,total and differential counts of white blood cell.
EFFECT OF DIETARY ASPIRIN ON PERFORMANCE AND HEALTH OF BROILERS REARED IN HIGH DENSITY
Authors: Al-Obaidi Faris A.
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary aspirin on performance, healthstatus of broilers reared in high density (15 birds / m 0) . Ninety chicks 7 days old were distributed intotwo treatments , chicks in T1 fed a diet without aspirin (control) , chicks in T2 fed a diet supplementedwith 0.2 % aspirin . Each treatment was subdivided into three replicates and each replicate reared in 1X 1 m pen. Live body weight, weight gain , feed consumption , feed conversion ratio and mortality dueto ascites biweekly were recorded , also activity of some blood enzymes included GOT , GPT and ALPat 7 weeks of age . The data obtained revealed the following :Adding 0.2 % of aspirin in diet (T2) enhanced performance of broiler chicks compaired with control(T1) when reared in high density and the enhancement started at week 5 , dietary aspirin increased livebody weight , weight gain , feed conversion ratio and decreased total mortality and mortality due toascites , also dietary aspirin decreased ascites syndrome through decrease of liver and heart weightpercentages and decrease the activity of GOT and GPT at 7 weeks of age . Adding 0.2 % of aspirin inbroiler diet are recommanded to reduce crowding stress and ascites syndrome during high densityproduction.
Summary Isolation and diagnosis of some fungal types from external ear canal infection cases with sensitivity test to some antifungal agents
Authors: Abdulshaheed Dalya abulkareem
Published: May 2021

This research included isolation of some types of fungi of molds and yeasts from cases of inflammation ofexternal ear canal in human from AL- yarmouk Teaching Hospital, by collection of 50 samples from males andfemales and from different ages during summer season , also 10 samples from non infected cases were taken ascontrol. Also sensitivity test of some isolates against some important antifungal agents which commonly usedin the treatments of infection of external ear canale cases.After cultivation of isolates on saboroud dextrose agar, diagnosed as follows :9 isolates of Aspergillus niger, 6 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, 3 isolates of Aspergillus flavus, one isolate ofAspergillus terrus, 10 isolates of Candida albicans, 5 isolates of Candida tropicalis, 2 isolates of Candidaparapsilosis.The results of the sensitivity tests of some isolates against the antifungal agents appeared as follows: the isolatesof Aspergillus spp. were very sensitive to Clotrimazole and Econazole, while were less sensitive againstNystatine.Whereas the species of Candida were very sensitive to Nystatine and Econazole, but less sensitive againstClotrimazole.
Prevalence rate of Salmonella in Babylon province
Authors: AL-Taie Hydar Hamza Ibraheem
Published: May 2021

Three handed stool samples of an a apparently normal adults individualscomprising hospital personnel , buffalo owners and employers processing chicken werecollected and examined during period from January 2008 to January 2009 toinvestigate the presences of Salmonella in Babylon province. Out of the total 300samples examined by stool cultures on different media confirmed by biochemical testsand the isolated was serotypes on central lab. Result showed that 17 samples gavepositive results for salmonella which comprise 5.66% of total percentage and Buffaloowners revealed the highest carrier rate 8 %
Evaluation of local injection of Acrylic Denture Base Material in Bucks spermatic cord.
Authors: Al-Dahhan. Muna Ridha
Published: May 2021

This study was performed to identify gross and histopathology changes which can be occur in testis and spermatic cord following injection of Acrylic Dental Base Material inside spermatic cord , the agent is widely present ,cheep, quick ,highly solid and used as a substance of chemical castration. It was injected inside spermatic cord of 15 healthy adult bucks in the ratio of 3:1 bilaterally ; Treated animals where divided randomly in to 5 groups depending on time for gross and histopathology examination after injected with the material. Animals were followed up for 7 days, 14 days, 30 days, 60 days, and 150 days after injection. Result showed good and immediate hardening after 20-25 min. of injected material. Gross examination of testis after 7-14 days of material injection didn’t showed marked changes. While after 30 -60 days showed thickening of tunica vaginals which was easy isolated, and the testis was atrophied .And after 150 days showed disappear of testis structures with more atrophied. Histopathology changes of testis characterized by reduce rate of spermatogenesis , thickening of basement membrane ,inflammation was reduce in late stage and deposition of fibrous tissue . While the mean feature of histopathology changes of spermatic cord include, infiltration of inflammatory cells, then fibrosis which lead to complete contraction and obstruction of it from first week after injection
Determination of Patulin By TLC From Mouldy Apples
Authors: Al saree Omar J.
Published: May 2021

Analysis of the decayed apples (van. Starking delicious), collected from the localmarket, for patulin mycotoxin, using column chromotography and TLC Plates showedthat the presence of the amount of patulin mycotoxin in the mouldy tissues (1.3 , 2.5 ,3.4 , 4.2, 5.5, and 6.4 ) cm in diameters were (5.1, 5.8, 6.3, 10.5, 12.3, and 14 ) μgpatulin/g moldy tissues respectively. According to this research also, Patulinmycotoxin could diffused to the surrounding mouldy tissues. It is found that (0.5and0.2), (1.0 and 0.5), and (1.5 and 0.5) μg patulin/g tissues in the first and secondcentimeters after mouldy tissues 4.2, 5.5 and 6.4 cm respectively, this phenomenondue to the presence of intracellular spaces in the tissues which allow to patulin todiffuse from mouldy to the healthy tissues there was no patulin found in the othersurrounding healthy tissues. Gram positive bacteria found to be more susceptible topatulin, the zone of inhibition against Staphyllococcus aureus was 10 to 11 mm indiameter at concentration 10 and 30 mg /ml respectively when compared with 0.3μg/ml streptomycin and 0.06 μg/ml ciprofloxacin while no inhibitory effect foundagainst Gram negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli
Histomorphological Structure of The Ultimobronchial Gland In The Indigenous Geese Anser anser ( Gray lage Goose).
Authors: Mohammed Fadhil Sabah
Published: May 2021

The indigenous geese have symmetrical pair of ultimobranchial gland, pink in color, lenticular or globular in shape. These glands are located in thoracic inlet, posterior to the parathyroid gland, dorsal to the bifurcation of brachiocephalic trunk. In young birds the left gland usually adheres to the caudal pole of parathyroid gland and usually cranio lateral to the origin of common carotid artery, while the right gland is also related to common carotid artery, but it’s separated from caudal pole of parathyroid gland. The gland is supplied by collateral branch from common carotid artery and innervated by branch from the thoracic vegal trunk and directed from the recurrent nerve. The gland is not surrounded by capsule but it’s covered by mass of adipose tissue. The parenchyma of gland consists of epithelial component supported by loose connective tissue which mostly composed of network of collagen fibers interrupted by few elastic fibers. The epithelial component of the gland consists of calcitonin producing cell or C-cell, vesicles and accessory parathyroid nodules. The C-cells are arranged in strands or cords. The connective tissue stroma of gland contains various number of follicles or vesicular structures, which are variable in shape, size, structure and secretory activity. In adult birds, the large vesicles were transformed to cystic structure, which occupied the large part of gland.
The Natamycin Preservation of the Laboratory produced cheese against spoilage of Yeasts & Moulds
Authors: Al-Shdidi Ahmed M.S.
Published: May 2021

The study conducted an attempts to improve the Keeping quality (Shelf T.) of Laboratory processed cheeses by the Natamycin preservation against spoilage of Yeasts & Moulds . Random collected samples of processed soft cheeses collected from different areas of Baghdad to produce Laboratory processed cheeses by using the best mix of Emulsifying salts that is composed of :- 90% Na tripolyphosphate + 10% 3Na citrate . Laboratory processed cheeses without preservative treating lasted to be fit for humane consumption for (30) day when store at room temp. & aerobic Condition & for (45) day when store at room temp. & non aerobic condition & for (40) day when store at refrigeration temp. & aerobic condition & for (60) day when store at refrigeration temp. & non aerobic condition.While the Laboratory processed cheeses which treated with Natamycin lasted to be fit for humane consumption for (35) day when store at room temp. & aerobic condition & for (45) day when store at room temp. & non aerobic condition & for (40) day when store at refrigeration temp. & aerobic condition & for (60) day when store at refrigeration temp. & non aerobic condition . Such finding of high concentration of Yeasts & Moulds count ides to the fact that the use of Preservative lead to Prolongation Shelf time of Dairy products depending on storing temperature at (room or refrigeration) & depending on storing condition by (aerobic or non aerobic) . Results showed that such cheese of low quality and did not meet both local and international Dairy products standards and unfit for human consumption .
Case report: Histopathological Diagnosis of Rabies in Iraqi Cows and Ewes
Authors: Abdullah Magda Saeed
Published: May 2021

Rabies was diagnosed (for the first time) in clinically suspected rabid Iraqi cows and ewes by using histopathological methods. The result showed 3 positive cases 2 cows from Baghdad governorate and 1 ewe from Al - Basra governorate. The gross pathological changes included swelling of cerebrum and cerebellum, multiple hemorrhagic spots within cerebral parenchyma, and sever congestion in meningial blood vessels. The histopathological changes showed specific changes represented by Negri bodies as intracytoplasmic inclusions within Purkinje cells in cerebellum and Babes nodules in cerebrum and medulla oblongata. Non specific changes included edema, hemorrhages, cellular necrosis, lymphocytic foci and lymphocytic and mononuclear cuffing surrounding congested blood vessels.
Selenium Serum Concentration in Awassy Male Lambs
Authors: AL-Sammarraie Saadi AG .
Published: May 2021

Selenium interacts with a number of other common dietary constituents primarily at the pharmacokinetic level (uptake distribution and elimination ). These interactions modulate both the nutritional and toxic properties of selenium ( 1,2,3and4). The serum concentration of selenium in five normal healthy Awassy male lambs aged 4- 6 months and their weight ranged between 16 -26 Kg and kept in a semi closed system in Baghdad area (Iraq) was measured by using flameless atomic absorption (ShematzoJapan) (2) using a selenium standard ( Wunstor for Stabe 40 D -3016 Seeize 1 / Hannover ). Every two weeks and for twenty weeks 5 ml. blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of the lambs in a sterile test tubes without anticoagulant to obtain serum (5). The results showed that the means of selenium serum concentration ranged between 0.48 to 0.51μmol /L. These results were in agreement with (6,7and8).The reduction of selenium by rumen is heavily influenced by other dietary factors and ruminants exhibits greater variation in selenium absorption than monogastric animals (9and10).
Oxidant – antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters in pregnant and non pregnant Iraqi she camels
Authors: AL-Zamely Hayder A.N.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out to determine the changes in oxidant – antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters in pregnant Iraqi female camels in comparison with non pregnant one. To determine this objective (30) blood samples from pregnant female camels and (30) blood samples from non pregnant female camels was taken at last state of pregnancy (number of animals are 30 in each group) , blood samples were put in the test tubes contain anticoagulant (EDTA) , after centrifugation serum samples were taken for measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) , albumin , uric acid , total protein , alkaline phosphatase and urea concentrations.The results revealed significant increase (P < 0.05) in malon dialdehyde concentration in pregnant female camels in comparison with non pregnant. Also the results were showed insignificant decrease in albumin concentration and significant increase (P <0.05) in uric acid concentration in pregnant group which may be due to its antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation during pregnancy. In related to the biochemical parameters the results were showed significant decrease (P <0.05) in the total protein of pregnant female camels which may be due to decrease in albumin concentration, while there is significant increase (P <0.05) in ALP.
The effects of Nigella sativa oil administration on some physiological and histological values of reproductive aspects of rats
Authors: Juma Farooq T.
Published: May 2021

The goal of this study to investigate the effects of Nigella sativa (Ns) oil on reproductive values, some hematological parameters serum biochemical characteristics, some sexual hormones concentration and histological changes of treated and normal male reproductive organs. The experiment (1) dealt with 20 males and 20 female rats at 21 days of age, 10 rats of each sex were giving orally Ns oil at the rate of 1ml/kg/day for 30 days and the others left as a control group. Insignificant changes were occurred in hematological parameters except the white blood cells (WBCs), were significantly increased in treated groups (P<0.05). The treated groups showed significant increases in total protein and significant decreases in total cholesterol liver enzymes markedly increased in treated rats Significant increases in the levels of LH, FSH and testosterone for males and LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone for females were recorded. The experiment (2) dealt with effects of Ns oil on 20 adult males and 20 adult female rats that were given same dose of Ns oil for 30 days. There were significant increase in litter size and weight of rats born in treated groups. The experiment (3) dealt with the effects of Ns oil on castrated males fifteen adult rats were divided equally into 3 groups, two groups were castrated while, the third group was left as a control group; one castrated group was treated with same dose of Ns oil for 30 days, there were significant increases in serum testosterone concentration and weight of accessory glands in treated group. Histological changes in the accessory glands of treated groups were evident.In conclusion, the administration of 1ml/kg/day of Ns oil stimulated the secretion of sexual hormones that led to improve protein synthesis of hepatic enzymes, white blood cells count and decrease the serum cholesterol concentration in blood