bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Global Paleosecular Variation Database for the Paleogene: Stationary Secular Variation Behavior Since the Triassic?
Authors: Engbers Y. A. , Thallner D. , Bono R. K. , Sprain C. J. , Murray M. J. , Bristol K. , Handford B. , Torsvik T. , Biggin A. J.
Published: June 2024

Paleosecular variation analysis is a primary tool for characterizing ancient geomagnetic behavior and its evolution through time. This study presents a new high‐quality directional data set, paleosecular variation of the Paleogene (PSVP), with and without correction for serial correlation, compiled from 1,667 sites from 45 different localities from the Paleogene and late Cretaceous (84–23 Ma). The data set is used to study the variability, structure, and latitude dependence of the geomagnetic field during that period by varying selection criteria and PSV models. Modeled values for the equatorial virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) dispersion have over‐lapping uncertainty intervals within their uncertainty bounds between 8.3° and 18.6° for the past 250 Ma. We investigate the suitability of two descriptive models of PSV, Model G‐style quadratic fits and covariant Giant Gaussian Process models, and find that both styles of model fail to satisfactorily reproduce the latitude dependent morphology of PSV, but suggest that estimates of the equatorial VGP dispersion may still robustly characterize aspects of Earth's long‐term field morphology. During this time where the PSV behavior has not changed substantially, the reversal frequency has varied widely. The lack of a clear relationship between PSV behavior and reversal frequency is not trivially explained in the context of published findings regarding numerical geodynamo simulations.
Effect of Al‐Incorporation on the Sound Velocities of Superhydrous Phase B at High Pressure and High Temperature
Authors: Xu Chaowen , Gréaux Steeve , Li Ying , Sun Fengxia , Gao Jing , Qin Fei , Inoue Toru
Published: June 2024

Sound velocities and densities of Al‐bearing superhydrous phase B (Al‐bearing SuB) were investigated up to 24 GPa and 1300 K by synchrotron X‐rays combined with ultrasonic interferometry techniques in a multi‐anvil apparatus. We found that Al + H incorporation decreases the adiabatic bulk modulus and shear modulus of SuB. Our results however suggest that this effect is less important than that of temperature. The presence of hydrous pyrolite with ∼10 wt.% Al‐bearing SuB in cold subducting slabs could explain up to ∼2% high velocity anomalies at the bottom of the mantle transition zone (500–660 km) while it turns into ∼7.7% low velocity anomalies below 660 km. Al‐bearing SuB is reportedly stable at mantle temperatures, where it could account for ∼12.2% low velocity anomalies beneath subduction zones in the uppermost lower mantle.
The Decline in Summer Fallow in the Northern Great Plains Cooled Near‐Surface Climate but had Minimal Impacts on Precipitation
Authors: Stoy P. C. , Bromley G. T. , Prein A. F. , Albeke S. E.
Published: June 2024

Land management can moderate or intensify the impacts of a warming atmosphere. Since the early 1980s, nearly 116,000 km2 of cropland that was once held in fallow during the summer is now planted in the northern North American Great Plains. To simulate the impacts of this substantial land cover change on regional climate processes, convection‐permitting model experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting model were performed to simulate modern and historical amounts of summer fallow. The control simulation was extensively validated using multiple observational data products as well as eddy covariance tower observations. Results of these simulations show that the transition from summer fallow to modern land cover led to ∼1.5°C cooler temperatures and decreased vapor pressure deficit by ∼0.15 kPa during the growing season across the study region, which is consistent with observed cooling trends. The cooler and wetter land surface with vegetation led to a shallower planetary boundary layer and lower lifted condensation level, creating conditions more conducive to convective cloud formation and precipitation. Our model simulations however show little widespread evidence of land surface changes effects on precipitation. The observed precipitation increase in this region is more likely related to increased moisture transport by way of the Great Plains Low Level Jet as revealed by the ERA5 reanalysis. Our results demonstrate that land cover change is consistent with observed regional cooling in the northern North American Great Plains but changes in precipitation cannot be explained by land management alone.
The Generic Mapping Tools and Animations for the Masses
Authors: Wessel P. , Esteban F. , Delaviel‐Anger G.
Published: June 2024

Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) is a well‐known set of software originally developed for geosciences, allowing scientists in climate and solid earth disciplines to routinely create publish‐ready maps and graphics. However, GMT users rarely make animations despite their undeniable benefit for understanding and teaching dynamic processes. As reading habits shift from print to digital, capitalizing on animations for illustrating scientific concepts is more accessible than ever. In the latest GMT version (6.5), we have added and refined the movie‐making modules, alleviating the time‐consuming steps that would hinder GMT users from making such animations. In this paper, we will explain how GMT's “movie” module works and provide six representative examples, from basic to more advanced, to show some of its key features. We hope our presentation will encourage the masses to routinely create animations for their publications.
The Origin of Jupiter's Great Red Spot
Authors: Sánchez‐Lavega Agustín , García‐Melendo Enrique , Legarreta Jon , Miró Arnau , Soria Manel , Ahrens‐Velásquez Kevin
Published: June 2024

Jupiter's Great Red Spot (GRS) is the largest and longest‐lived known vortex of all solar system planets but its lifetime is debated and its formation mechanism remains hidden. G. D. Cassini discovered in 1665 the presence of a dark oval at the GRS latitude, known as the “Permanent Spot” (PS) that was observed until 1713. We show from historical observations of its size evolution and motions that PS is unlikely to correspond to the current GRS, that was first observed in 1831. Numerical simulations rule out that the GRS formed by the merging of vortices or by a superstorm, but most likely formed from a flow disturbance between the two opposed Jovian zonal jets north and south of it. If so, the early GRS should have had a low tangential velocity so that its rotation velocity has increased over time as it has shrunk.
Expert consensus on endodontic therapy for patients with systemic conditions
Authors: Xu Xin , Zheng Xin , Lin Fei , Yu Qing , Hou Benxiang , Chen Zhi , Wei Xi , Qiu Lihong , Wenxia Chen , Li Jiyao , Chen Lili , Wang Zuomin , Wu Hongkun , Lu Zhiyue , Zhao Jizhi , Liang Yuhong , Zhao Jin , Pan Yihuai , Pan Shuang , Wang Xiaoyan , Yang Deqin , Ren Yanfang , Yue Lin , Zhou Xuedong
Published: June 2024

The overall health condition of patients significantly affects the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of endodontic diseases. A systemic consideration of the patient’s overall health along with oral conditions holds the utmost importance in determining the necessity and feasibility of endodontic therapy, as well as selecting appropriate therapeutic approaches. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by specialists from endodontics and clinical physicians across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on clinical procedures, improve patient safety and enhance clinical outcomes of endodontic therapy in patients with compromised overall health.
Impact of structural biology and the protein data bank on us fda new drug approvals of low molecular weight antineoplastic agents 2019–2023
Authors: Burley Stephen K. , Wu-Wu Amy , Dutta Shuchismita , Ganesan Shridar , Zheng Steven X. F.
Published: June 2024

Open access to three-dimensional atomic-level biostructure information from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) facilitated discovery/development of 100% of the 34 new low molecular weight, protein-targeted, antineoplastic agents approved by the US FDA 2019–2023. Analyses of PDB holdings, the scientific literature, and related documents for each drug-target combination revealed that the impact of structural biologists and public-domain 3D biostructure data was broad and substantial, ranging from understanding target biology (100% of all drug targets), to identifying a given target as likely druggable (100% of all targets), to structure-guided drug discovery (>80% of all new small-molecule drugs, made up of 50% confirmed and >30% probable cases). In addition to aggregate impact assessments, illustrative case studies are presented for six first-in-class small-molecule anti-cancer drugs, including a selective inhibitor of nuclear export targeting Exportin 1 (selinexor, Xpovio), an ATP-competitive CSF-1R receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (pexidartinib,Turalia), a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of the BCR-Abl fusion protein targeting the myristoyl binding pocket within the kinase catalytic domain of Abl (asciminib, Scemblix), a covalently-acting G12C KRAS inhibitor (sotorasib, Lumakras or Lumykras), an EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitor (tazemostat, Tazverik), and an agent targeting the basic-Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor HIF-2α (belzutifan, Welireg).
Addressing gaps and enhancing experiences in support services for families of pediatric cancer survivors
Authors: Paul Verena , Inhestern Laura , Sigmund Désirée , Winzig Jana , Rutkowski Stefan , Escherich Gabriele , Bergelt Corinna
Published: June 2024

Background

Childhood cancer’s enduring challenges extend beyond primary therapy. Diverse medical and psychosocial services are available to assist families in follow-up care. This interview study sought to gain a thorough understanding of family motives, satisfaction levels, and barriers to utilization.

Methods

The design of this cross-sectional study involves a qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews. We interviewed parents of minor cancer survivors within the first 5 years after primary treatment.

Results

Survivors readily accessed medical support services when necessary. While parents expressed overall satisfaction with the available services, there was a notable gap in their knowledge regarding appropriate psychosocial and family-orientated services. Barriers to access included geographical distances, time constraints, and the absence of childcare options.

Conclusion

There are familial challenges and burdens that fall outside the scope of conventional care services. Tailoring services to family-centered needs, providing more information and easier access to interventions might help to reduce barriers.

Impact

Existing need notwithstanding, families did not frequently utilize psychosocial services as they did medical ones.

Identified barriers included lack of awareness, limited availability, long distances, and scheduling conflicts.

While many studies primarily focus on adult patients or young adults, the present study examines the gaps and strengths in follow-up care for pediatric cancer survivors and their families.

By acknowledging and addressing the unique challenges and strengths of families with pediatric cancer survivors, we can lead to a more tailored and effective follow-up approach that can enhance their overall well-being by minimizing barriers and providing targeted support.
Hit it hard: qualitative patient perspectives on the optimisation of immune checkpoint inhibition
Authors: Merrick Sophie , Rush Hannah L. , Daniels Susanna , Fielding Alison , Deveson Kell Sharon , Pickering Lisa , Langley Ruth E. , South Annabelle , Gilbert Duncan C.
Published: June 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed the treatment landscape of many cancers, including melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Randomised trials are evaluating outcomes from reduced ICI treatment schedules with the aim of improving quality of life, tolerability, and cost-effectiveness. This study aims to provide insight into patient and carer’s perspectives of these trials.

Methods

Seven focus groups were conducted with 31 people with stage IV melanoma, RCC, or caregivers for people receiving ICI. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were generated: 1) “Treatment and clinic visits provide reassurance”: reducing hospital visits may not improve quality of life. 2) “Assessment of personal risk versus benefit”: the decision to participate in an ICI optimisation trial is influenced by treatment response, experience of toxicity and perceived logistical benefits based on the individual’s circumstances. 3) “Pre-existing experience and beliefs about how treatment and trials work”, including the belief that more treatment is better, influence views around ICI optimisation trials.

Conclusion

This study provides insight into recruitment challenges and recommends strategies to enhance recruitment for ongoing ICI optimisation trials. These findings will influence the design of future ICI optimisation trials ensuring they are acceptable to patients.
Structural basis of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent allosteric transition from active to inactive states in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Authors: Yamada Kazuhiro , Mendoza Johnny , Koutmos Markos
Published: June 2024

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a pivotal flavoprotein connecting the folate and methionine methyl cycles, catalyzing the conversion of methylenetetrahydrofolate to methyltetrahydrofolate. Human MTHFR (hMTHFR) undergoes elaborate allosteric regulation involving protein phosphorylation and S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent inhibition, though other factors such as subunit orientation and FAD status remain understudied due to the lack of a functional structural model. Here, we report crystal structures of Chaetomium thermophilum MTHFR (cMTHFR) in both active (R) and inhibited (T) states. We reveal FAD occlusion by Tyr361 in the T-state, which prevents substrate interaction. Remarkably, the inhibited form of cMTHFR accommodates two AdoMet molecules per subunit. In addition, we conducted a detailed investigation of the phosphorylation sites in hMTHFR, three of which were previously unidentified. Based on the structural framework provided by our cMTHFR model, we propose a possible mechanism to explain the allosteric structural transition of MTHFR, including the impact of phosphorylation on AdoMet-dependent inhibition.
Cancer-associated Histone H3 N-terminal arginine mutations disrupt PRC2 activity and impair differentiation
Authors: Nacev Benjamin A. , Dabas Yakshi , Paul Matthew R. , Pacheco Christian , Mitchener Michelle , Perez Yekaterina , Fang Yan , Soshnev Alexey A. , Barrows Douglas , Carroll Thomas , Socci Nicholas D. , St. Jean Samantha C. , Tiwari Sagarika , Gruss Michael J. , Monette Sebastien , Tap William D. , Garcia Benjamin A. , Muir Tom , Allis C. David
Published: June 2024

Dysregulated epigenetic states are a hallmark of cancer and often arise from genetic alterations in epigenetic regulators. This includes missense mutations in histones, which, together with associated DNA, form nucleosome core particles. However, the oncogenic mechanisms of most histone mutations are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that cancer-associated histone mutations at arginines in the histone H3 N-terminal tail disrupt repressive chromatin domains, alter gene regulation, and dysregulate differentiation. We find that histone H3R2C and R26C mutants reduce transcriptionally repressive H3K27me3. While H3K27me3 depletion in cells expressing these mutants is exclusively observed on the minor fraction of histone tails harboring the mutations, the same mutants recurrently disrupt broad H3K27me3 domains in the chromatin context, including near developmentally regulated promoters. H3K27me3 loss leads to de-repression of differentiation pathways, with concordant effects between H3R2 and H3R26 mutants despite different proximity to the PRC2 substrate, H3K27. Functionally, H3R26C-expressing mesenchymal progenitor cells and murine embryonic stem cell-derived teratomas demonstrate impaired differentiation. Collectively, these data show that cancer-associated H3 N-terminal arginine mutations reduce PRC2 activity and disrupt chromatin-dependent developmental functions, a cancer-relevant phenotype.
Landform and lithospheric development contribute to the assembly of mountain floras in China
Authors: Zhao Wan-Yi , Liu Zhong-Cheng , Shi Shi , Li Jie-Lan , Xu Ke-Wang , Huang Kang-You , Chen Zhi-Hui , Wang Ya-Rong , Huang Cui-Ying , Wang Yan , Chen Jing-Rui , Sun Xian-Ling , Liang Wen-Xing , Guo Wei , Wang Long-Yuan , Meng Kai-Kai , Li Xu-Jie , Yin Qian-Yi , Zhou Ren-Chao , Wang Zhao-Dong , Wu Hao , Cui Da-Fang , Su Zhi-Yao , Xin Guo-Rong , Liu Wei-Qiu , Shu Wen-Sheng , Jin Jian-Hua , Boufford David E. , Fan Qiang , Wang Lei , Chen Su-Fang , Liao Wen-Bo
Published: June 2024

Although it is well documented that mountains tend to exhibit high biodiversity, how geological processes affect the assemblage of montane floras is a matter of ongoing research. Here, we explore landform-specific differences among montane floras based on a dataset comprising 17,576 angiosperm species representing 140 Chinese mountain floras, which we define as the collection of all angiosperm species growing on a specific mountain. Our results show that igneous bedrock (granitic and karst-granitic landforms) is correlated with higher species richness and phylogenetic overdispersion, while the opposite is true for sedimentary bedrock (karst, Danxia, and desert landforms), which is correlated with phylogenetic clustering. Furthermore, we show that landform type was the primary determinant of the assembly of evolutionarily older species within floras, while climate was a greater determinant for younger species. Our study indicates that landform type not only affects montane species richness, but also contributes to the composition of montane floras. To explain the assembly and differentiation of mountain floras, we propose the ‘floristic geo-lithology hypothesis’, which highlights the role of bedrock and landform processes in montane floristic assembly and provides insights for future research on speciation, migration, and biodiversity in montane regions.
NCF4 attenuates colorectal cancer progression by modulating inflammasome activation and immune surveillance
Authors: Li Longjun , Mao Rudi , Yuan Shenli , Xie Qingqing , Meng Jinyu , Gu Yu , Tan Siyu , Xu Xiaoqing , Gao Chengjiang , Liu Hongbin , Ma Chunhong , Man Si Ming , Meng Xiangbo , Xu Tao , Qi Xiaopeng
Published: June 2024

The spatiotemporal regulation of inflammasome activation remains unclear. To examine the mechanism underlying the assembly and regulation of the inflammasome response, here we perform an immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and identify NCF4/1/2 as ASC-binding proteins. Reduced NCF4 expression is associated with colorectal cancer development and decreased five-year survival rate in patients with colorectal cancer. NCF4 cooperates with NCF1 and NCF2 to promote NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, NCF4 phosphorylation and puncta distribution switches from the NADPH complex to the perinuclear region, mediating ASC oligomerization, speck formation and inflammasome activation. NCF4 functions as a sensor of ROS levels, to establish a balance between ROS production and inflammasome activation. NCF4 deficiency causes severe colorectal cancer in mice, increases transit-amplifying and precancerous cells, reduces the frequency and activation of CD8+ T and NK cells, and impairs the inflammasome-IL-18-IFN-γ axis during the early phase of colorectal tumorigenesis. Our study implicates NCF4 in determining the spatial positioning of inflammasome assembly and contributing to inflammasome-mediated anti-tumor responses.
BCN20000: Dermoscopic Lesions in the Wild
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Carlos , Combalia Marc , Podlipnik Sebastian , Codella Noel C. F. , Rotemberg Veronica , Halpern Allan C. , Reiter Ofer , Carrera Cristina , Barreiro Alicia , Helba Brian , Puig Susana , Vilaplana Veronica , Malvehy Josep
Published: June 2024

Advancements in dermatological artificial intelligence research require high-quality and comprehensive datasets that mirror real-world clinical scenarios. We introduce a collection of 18,946 dermoscopic images spanning from 2010 to 2016, collated at the Hospital Clínic in Barcelona, Spain. The BCN20000 dataset aims to address the problem of unconstrained classification of dermoscopic images of skin cancer, including lesions in hard-to-diagnose locations such as those found in nails and mucosa, large lesions which do not fit in the aperture of the dermoscopy device, and hypo-pigmented lesions. Our dataset covers eight key diagnostic categories in dermoscopy, providing a diverse range of lesions for artificial intelligence model training. Furthermore, a ninth out-of-distribution (OOD) class is also present on the test set, comprised of lesions which could not be distinctively classified as any of the others. By providing a comprehensive collection of varied images, BCN20000 helps bridge the gap between the training data for machine learning models and the day-to-day practice of medical practitioners. Additionally, we present a set of baseline classifiers based on state-of-the-art neural networks, which can be extended by other researchers for further experimentation.
ForametCeTera, a novel CT scan dataset to expedite classification research of (non-)foraminifera
Authors: Luijmes Joost , van Leeuwen Tristan , Renema Willem
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces ForametCeTera, a pioneering dataset designed to address the challenges associated with automating the analysis of benthic foraminifera in sediment cores. Foraminifera are sensitive sentinels of environmental change and are a crucial component of carbonate-denominated ecosystems, such as coral reefs. Studying their prevalence and characteristics is imperative in understanding climate change. However, analysis of foraminifera contained in core samples currently requires washing, sieving and manual quantification. These methods are thus time-consuming and require trained experts. To overcome these limitations, we propose an alternative workflow utilizing 3D X-ray computational tomography (CT) for fully automated analysis, saving time and resources. Despite recent advancements in automation, a crucial lack of methods persists for segmenting and classifying individual foraminifera from 3D scans. In response, we present ForametCeTera, a diverse dataset featuring 436 3D CT scans of individual foraminifera and non-foraminiferan material following a high-throughput scanning workflow. ForametCeTera serves as a foundational resource for generating synthetic digital core samples, facilitating the development of segmentation and classification methods of entire core sample CT scans.
The impact of ZTE-based MR attenuation correction compared to CT-AC in 18F-FBPA PET before boron neutron capture therapy
Authors: Lo Yi-Wen , Lin Ko-Han , Lee Chien-Ying , Li Chia-Wei , Lin Chien-Yuan , Chen Yi-Wei , Wang Ling-Wei , Wu Yuan-Hung , Huang Wen-sheng
Published: June 2024

Tumor-to-normal ratio (T/N) measurement of 18F-FBPA is crucial for patient eligibility to receive boron neutron capture therapy. This study aims to compare the difference in standard uptake value ratios on brain tumors and normal brains using PET/MR ZTE and atlas-based attenuation correction with the current standard PET/CT attenuation correction. Regarding the normal brain uptake, the difference was not significant between PET/CT and PET/MR attenuation correction methods. The T/N ratio of PET/CT-AC, PET/MR ZTE-AC and PET/MR AB-AC were 2.34 ± 0.95, 2.29 ± 0.88, and 2.19 ± 0.80, respectively. The T/N ratio comparison showed no significance using PET/CT-AC and PET/MR ZTE-AC. As for the PET/MRI AB-AC, significantly lower T/N ratio was observed (− 5.18 ± 9.52%; p < 0.05). The T/N difference between ZTE-AC and AB-AC was also significant (4.71 ± 5.80%; p < 0.01). Our findings suggested PET/MRI imaging using ZTE-AC provided superior quantification on 18F-FBPA-PET compared to atlas-based AC. Using ZTE-AC on 18F-FBPA-PET /MRI might be crucial for BNCT pre-treatment planning.
A novel Hellinger distance-based regret theory method for spherical fuzzy decision making model and its application in logistics
Authors: Ren Haiping , Zhou Hui
Published: June 2024

Actual decision making problems are often based on the company decision maker’s behavior factors, such as risk attitude, subjective preference, etc. Regret theory can well express the behavior of the decision maker. In this pursuit, a novel decision making method was developed, based on the regret theory for the multi-attribute decision making problem, in which attribute values were expressed by spherical fuzzy numbers. Distance measurement not only has extensive applications in fields such as pattern recognition and image processing, but also plays an important role in the research of fuzzy decision theory. The existing distance measures of spherical fuzzy set either have special cases of anti-intuition or are more complex in calculation, so finding suitable distance measures is also an important research topic in the decision-making theory of spherical fuzzy set. For this reason, we first establish a new distance of spherical fuzzy sets based on Hellinger distance of probability distribution. A decision maker’s perception utility value function is proposed using the new distance formula, which is used to measure the regretful and rejoice value. Then we establish an optimization model for solving the attribute weights, when the information of attribute weight was partially known. Subsequently, the comprehensive perceived utility values were utilized to rank the order of the alternatives. Finally, a numerical example of assessment of logistics providers is used to show that the new decision making method is effective and feasible.
A method to accelerate computational efficiency by more than two orders of magnitude for Monte Carlo simulations of electron-solid interactions
Authors: Shao Lin
Published: June 2024

A method has been developed to increase computational efficiency in Monte Carlo simulations of electron transport and interactions in matter. The method serves as the computational engine for the open-source code AMCSET (Aggie Monte Carlo Simulations of Electron and Ion Transport). The key is to combine n consecutive neighboring free flying distances into groups. Within each group, both flying distance and Mott scattering angles are obtained using Monte Carlo sampling under an equal energy approximation. This reduces the number of integrations of the tabulated differential Mott scattering cross-section in scattering angle selection, i.e., from 1000 to 1 if n = 1000. The method increases efficiency by more than 100 times. At the same time, the calculation still guarantees accuracy in calculating electron trajectory, excitation/ionization energy deposition, elastic scattering energy deposition, and displacement creation. For demonstration, 10 MeV electron bombardments of pure Fe with n up to 1000 are used as examples. The method, due to the availability of tabulated scattering cross-sections, is applicable for targets of the entire elemental table up to Z = 118, and for electron energies up to 900 MeV.
Association of blood group O with a recurrent risk for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding from a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Suzuki Sho , Tominaga Naoyuki , Aoki Tomonori , Sadashima Eiji , Miike Tadashi , Kawakami Hiroshi , Kobayashi Katsumasa , Yamauchi Atsushi , Yamada Atsuo , Omori Jun , Ikeya Takashi , Aoyama Taiki , Sato Yoshinori , Kishino Takaaki , Ishii Naoki , Sawada Tsunaki , Murata Masaki , Takao Akinari , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kinjo Ken , Fujimori Shunji , Uotani Takahiro , Fujita Minoru , Sato Hiroki , Narasaka Toshiaki , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Funabiki Tomohiro , Kinjo Yuzuru , Mizuki Akira , Kiyotoki Shu , Mikami Tatsuya , Gushima Ryosuke , Fujii Hiroyuki , Fuyuno Yuta , Hikichi Takuto , Toya Yosuke , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Manabe Noriaki , Nagaike Koji , Kinjo Tetsu , Sumida Yorinobu , Funakoshi Sadahiro , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Komaki Yuga , Kaise Mitsuru , Nagata Naoyoshi
Published: June 2024

The relationship between blood group and rebleeding in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between blood group O and clinical outcomes in patients with ALGIB. The study included 2336 patients with ALGIB whose bleeding source was identified during initial endoscopy (from the CODE BLUE-J Study). The assessed outcomes encompassed rebleeding and other clinical parameters. The rebleeding rates within 30 days in patients with blood group O and those without blood group O were 17.9% and 14.9%, respectively. Similarly, the rates within 1 year were 21.9% for patients with blood group O and 18.2% for those without blood group O. In a multivariate analysis using age, sex, vital signs at presentation, blood test findings, comorbidities, antithrombotic medication, active bleeding, and type of endoscopic treatment as covariates, patients with blood group O exhibited significantly higher risks for rebleeding within 30 days (odds ratio [OR] 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.65; P = 0.024) and 1 year (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04–1.61; P = 0.020) compared to those without blood group O. However, the thrombosis and mortality rates did not differ significantly between blood group O and non-O patients. In patients with ALGIB, blood group O has been identified as an independent risk factor for both short- and long-term rebleeding.
Transformation behavior of hazardous jarosite into recyclable hematite in a solution with high concentrations of K+ and Na+
Authors: Xing Yubo , Deng Zhigan , Wei Chang , Li Xingbin , Li Minting
Published: June 2024

Iron in the leaching solution with high K+ and Na+ concentrations was usually precipitated as the typical hazardous and toxic jarosite residues. However, this method of treatment has been greatly restricted by increasingly strict environmental regulations. Here we propose that iron can be precipitated from the solution with high K+ and Na+ concentrations as recyclable hematite products by adjusting the concentration ratio of sodium and potassium ions in the solution. The transformation behavior of jarosite into hematite in high concentration potassium ion and sodium ion solution was explained based on collision theory. The results indicated that in instances where the concentration ratio of Na+/K+ is ≥ 4:1, the iron present in the solution can be effectively precipitated as a recyclable hematite product, as opposed to forming the conventional hazardous jarosite residue, even under conditions where the potassium ion concentration reaches levels as high as 4 g/L. On the other hand, thermodynamic and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that at a temperature of 185 °C, the decomposition transformation of Na-jarosite (32.64 kJ and 7.25 eV) is more energetically advantageous compared to that of K-jarosite (61.07 kJ and 15.31 eV). The results were verified by the leaching solution from smelting industry. The iron content in the residues is above 58%, the sulfur content is below 4%, the zinc content is below 1%, and the total iron concentration in the supernatant is about 4 g/L, reaching the production index of the smelting industry. The green, environmentally friendly, and recyclable separation of iron in a solution with high concentrations of potassium and sodium ions is achieved, which is of great significance for the treatment of iron-containing solution and wastewater in the chemical industry and metallurgy fields.
CS-count-optimal quantum circuits for arbitrary multi-qubit unitaries
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Priyanka
Published: June 2024

In quantum computing there are quite a few universal gate sets, each having their own characteristics. In this paper we study the Clifford+CS universal fault-tolerant gate set. The CS gate is used is many applications and this gate set is an important alternative to Clifford+T. We introduce a generating set in order to represent any unitary implementable by this gate set and with this we derive a bound on the CS-count of arbitrary multi-qubit unitaries. Analysing the channel representation of the generating set elements, we infer $${\mathcal {J}}_n^{CS}\subset {\mathcal {J}}_n^T$$

J
n

CS

⊂

J
n
T

, where $${\mathcal {J}}_n^{CS}$$

J
n

CS

and $${\mathcal {J}}_n^T$$

J
n
T

are the set of unitaries exactly implementable by the Clifford+CS and Clifford+T gate sets, respectively. We develop CS-count optimal synthesis algorithms for both approximately and exactly implementable multi-qubit unitaries. With the help of these we derive a CS-count-optimal circuit for Toffoli, implying $${\mathcal {J}}_n^{Tof}={\mathcal {J}}_n^{CS}$$

J
n

Tof

=

J
n

CS

, where $${\mathcal {J}}_n^{Tof}$$

J
n

Tof

is the set of unitaries exactly implementable by the Clifford+Toffoli gate set. Such conclusions can have an important impact on resource estimates of quantum algorithms.
Multi role ChatGPT framework for transforming medical data analysis
Authors: Chen Haoran , Zhang Shengxiao , Zhang Lizhong , Geng Jie , Lu Jinqi , Hou Chuandong , He Peifeng , Lu Xuechun
Published: June 2024

The application of ChatGPTin the medical field has sparked debate regarding its accuracy. To address this issue, we present a Multi-Role ChatGPT Framework (MRCF), designed to improve ChatGPT's performance in medical data analysis by optimizing prompt words, integrating real-world data, and implementing quality control protocols. Compared to the singular ChatGPT model, MRCF significantly outperforms traditional manual analysis in interpreting medical data, exhibiting fewer random errors, higher accuracy, and better identification of incorrect information. Notably, MRCF is over 600 times more time-efficient than conventional manual annotation methods and costs only one-tenth as much. Leveraging MRCF, we have established two user-friendly databases for efficient and straightforward drug repositioning analysis. This research not only enhances the accuracy and efficiency of ChatGPT in medical data science applications but also offers valuable insights for data analysis models across various professional domains.
Investigation of synergistic effects incorporating esterified lignin and guar gum composite aerogel for sustained oil spill cleanup
Authors: Montazeri Mahnaz , Norouzbeigi Reza
Published: June 2024

The recently developed aerogel demonstrates a high capacity for pollutant absorption, making it an environmentally friendly option for oily water treatment. In an effort to reduce the adverse effects of the black liquor accumulation in the pulp industry, this study focused on utilizing the mentioned abundant bio-resource lignin, which can be applied to various high-value applications such as 3D porous materials for oil spill cleanup. Lignin, precipitated from the black liquor, was esterified using maleic anhydride as the esterifying reagent to enhance the hydrophobicity. Then, the composite aerogel fabricated from esterified lignin and guar gum (GG) was successfully prepared through the facile freeze-drying, using glutaraldehyde (GA) as the cross-linker. The resulting aerogel exhibited high porosity values exceeding 95%, low density (27.4 mg/cm3), and an impressive absorption capacity of 32.5 g/g for sunflower oil. These results demonstrate the potential of black liquor utilization as a bio-waste source of lignin and highlight the cost-effective guar gum-esterified lignin composite aerogel, which exhibits remarkable oil absorption capabilities and environmental sustainability promotion.
A first principles based prediction of electronic and nonlinear optical properties towards cyclopenta thiophene chromophores with benzothiophene acceptor moieties
Authors: Haq Saadia , Khalid Muhammad , Hussain Ajaz , Haroon Muhammad , Alshehri Saad M.
Published: June 2024

In the current work, organic cyclopenta-thiophene (CPT) based derivatives (FICR and FICD1–FICD5) were designed by the modulation of end-capped acceptor group of the reference molecule i.e., FICR, to explore their nonlinear optical (NLO) response. The effect of terminal acceptor and donor groups in the tailored compounds was explored by using DFT based quantum calculations. The UV–Vis analysis, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), transition density matrix (TDM), natural bond orbitals (NBOs), density of states (DOS), nonlinear optical (NLO) analyses were performed at M06/6-311G(d,p) functional. The LUMO–HOMO band gaps of FICD1–FICD5 were found to be smaller (1.75–1.92 eV) comparative to FICR (1.98 eV). Moreover, the global reactivity parameters (GRPs) were correlated with the results of other analyses. FICD2 and FICD5 with lowest band gap 1.73 and 1.75 eV showed less hardness (0.86 and 0.87 eV, respectively), high softness (0.58 and 0.57 eV−1), and larger absorption spectrum (815 and 813 nm) in gaseous phase and (889 and 880 nm) in solvent phase among all entitled compounds. All the designed chromophores (FICD1–FICD5) demonstrated a significant NLO response as compared to FICR. Particularly, FICD2 and FICD5 exhibited the highest average linear polarizability (<α>) [2.86 × 10−22 and 2.88 × 10−22 esu], first hyperpolarizability (βtot) (8.43 × 10−27 and 8.35 × 10−27 esu) and second hyperpolarizability (γtot) (13.20 × 10−32 and 13.0 × 10−32 esu) values as compared to the other derivatives. In nutshell, structural modeling of CPT based chromophores with extended acceptors, can be significantly utilized to achieve potential NLO materials.
Enhancing soil health and fruit yield through Tephrosia biomass mulching in rainfed guava (Psidium guajava L.) orchards
Authors: Ali Abeer , Das Bikash , Dhakar M. K. , Naik S. K. , Patel V. B. , Mishra G. P. , Sarkar P. K. , Shinde Reshma , Jha A. K. , Bhatt B. P.
Published: June 2024

Leguminous crop Tephrosia candida has high biomass production and contains a substantial quantity of nutrients within its biomass. Starting in 2019, a long-term study was done to find the best Tephrosia candida dose for mulching in guava orchards. The study had four treatments: T1 = 3.0 kg dry biomass m−2 of the plant basin, T2 = 2.0 kg, T3 = 1.0 kg, and T4 = control (no mulch). Every year, the treatments imposed in the month of August. The third year (2021–2022) results indicated that mulching with 3 kg of biomass m−2 increased trunk diameter, fruit yield, fruit weight, specific leaf area, total leaf chlorophyll, and leaf macro- and micro-nutrients. At 3.0 kg m−2, mulching improved soil properties such as EC, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, DTPA extractable micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn), total organic carbon (Ctoc), soil organic carbon (Csoc), organic carbon fractions, and microbial biomass carbon between 0–0.15 m and 0.15–0.30 m. There was an increasing trend in dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA). The Tephrosia leaf litter exhibited decay constants of 1.27 year−1, and the carbon content was 40.11%. Therefore, applying Tephrosia biomass mulching at a rate of 3.0 kg m−2 is a viable long-term solution for enhancing soil fertility and sequestering carbon.
Numerical simulation and experimental verification of the velocity field in asymmetric circular bends
Authors: Jia Lu , Zeng Yongzhong , Liu Xiaobing , Peng Chao , Li Dali , Liu Fei , He Lindong
Published: June 2024

To address the measurement accuracy challenges posed by the internal flow complexity in atypical circular bend pipes with short turning sections and without extended straight pipe segments, this study designed an experimental circular “S”-shaped bent pipe with a diameter of 0.4 m and a bending angle of 135°. Numerical analysis was used to determine the stable region for velocity distribution within the experimental segment. Furthermore, a novel evaluation method based on the coefficient of variation was proposed to accurately locate the optimal position for installing thermal mass flow meters on the test cross section. Additionally, a formula for calculating the pipeline flow rate based on velocity differences was derived. This formula considers pipeline flow as the dependent variable and uses the velocity at two points in the test cross section as the independent variable. Experimental validation on a primary standard test bench demonstrated that the flow rate calculated by this method had an error controlled within 0.625% compared to the standard flow rate, thus effectively verifying the method’s high accuracy and engineering applicability. This research provides a new testing methodology and practical basis for flow measurement in complex pipeline systems, offering significant guidance for research and applications in related fields.
The SMC5/6 complex prevents genotoxicity upon APOBEC3A-mediated replication stress
Authors: Fingerman Dylan F , O’Leary David R , Hansen Ava R , Tran Thi , Harris Brooke R , DeWeerd Rachel A , Hayer Katharina E , Fan Jiayi , Chen Emily , Tennakoon Mithila , Meroni Alice , Szeto Julia H , Devenport Jessica , LaVigne Danielle , Weitzman Matthew D , Shalem Ophir , Bednarski Jeffrey , Vindigni Alessandro , Zhao Xiaolan , Green Abby M
Published: June 2024

Mutational patterns caused by APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase activity are evident throughout human cancer genomes. In particular, the APOBEC3A family member is a potent genotoxin that causes substantial DNA damage in experimental systems and human tumors. However, the mechanisms that ensure genome stability in cells with active APOBEC3A are unknown. Through an unbiased genome-wide screen, we define the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 5/6 (SMC5/6) complex as essential for cell viability when APOBEC3A is active. We observe an absence of APOBEC3A mutagenesis in human tumors with SMC5/6 dysfunction, consistent with synthetic lethality. Cancer cells depleted of SMC5/6 incur substantial genome damage from APOBEC3A activity during DNA replication. Further, APOBEC3A activity results in replication tract lengthening which is dependent on PrimPol, consistent with re-initiation of DNA synthesis downstream of APOBEC3A-induced lesions. Loss of SMC5/6 abrogates elongated replication tracts and increases DNA breaks upon APOBEC3A activity. Our findings indicate that replication fork lengthening reflects a DNA damage response to APOBEC3A activity that promotes genome stability in an SMC5/6-dependent manner. Therefore, SMC5/6 presents a potential therapeutic vulnerability in tumors with active APOBEC3A.
Multi-signal regulation of the GSK-3β homolog Rim11 controls meiosis entry in budding yeast
Authors: Kociemba Johanna , Jørgensen Andreas Christ Sølvsten , Tadić Nika , Harris Anthony , Sideri Theodora , Chan Wei Yee , Ibrahim Fairouz , Ünal Elçin , Skehel Mark , Shahrezaei Vahid , Argüello-Miranda Orlando , van Werven Folkert Jacobus
Published: June 2024

Starvation in diploid budding yeast cells triggers a cell-fate program culminating in meiosis and spore formation. Transcriptional activation of early meiotic genes (EMGs) hinges on the master regulator Ime1, its DNA-binding partner Ume6, and GSK-3β kinase Rim11. Phosphorylation of Ume6 by Rim11 is required for EMG activation. We report here that Rim11 functions as the central signal integrator for controlling Ume6 phosphorylation and EMG transcription. In nutrient-rich conditions, PKA suppresses Rim11 levels, while TORC1 retains Rim11 in the cytoplasm. Inhibition of PKA and TORC1 induces Rim11 expression and nuclear localization. Remarkably, nuclear Rim11 is required, but not sufficient, for Rim11-dependent Ume6 phosphorylation. In addition, Ime1 is an anchor protein enabling Ume6 phosphorylation by Rim11. Subsequently, Ume6-Ime1 coactivator complexes form and induce EMG transcription. Our results demonstrate how various signaling inputs (PKA/TORC1/Ime1) converge through Rim11 to regulate EMG expression and meiosis initiation. We posit that the signaling-regulatory network elucidated here generates robustness in cell-fate control.
A bipolar polymer cathode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Harrison Daniel M. , Kim Eric Youngsam , Rhodes Thierno B. , Yang Zhenzhen , Paige Mikell , Luo Chao
Published: June 2024

This article reports a bipolar polymer cathode material bearing azo benzene and diamine moieties for affordable and sustainable sodium-ion batteries.
Solid state preparation of carbon-supported Pt2Ca nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Jin Rumei , Xie Zewei , Kadeer Kuerbangnisha , Li Xingguo , Zhang Yawen , Zheng Jie
Published: June 2024

An HADDF-STEM image of a single Pt2Ca nanoparticle and the ORR activity curve of Pt2Ca/C.
Active control of plasmon coupling via simple electrochemical surface oxidation/reduction of Au nanoparticle agglomerates
Authors: Nishi Hiroyasu , Higashi Yuki , Saito Manaka
Published: June 2024

Plasmon coupling of Au nanoparticle agglomerates was successfully controlled by simple surface oxidation/reduction reactions without using any reactant except for water.
Electrochemically-driven difunctionalization of the isocyanide and Mumm rearrangement cascade: expeditious synthesis of N-acyl–N-alkyl S-thiocarbamates
Authors: Bhati Kuldeep Singh , Sharma Siddharth
Published: June 2024

A novel electrochemical multicomponent reaction (e-MCR) synthesizes N-substituted S-thiocarbamate derivatives from isocyanides, thiols, and carboxylic acids via a difunctionalization and Mumm rearrangement cascade.
Atomic Ru–Pt dual sites boost the mass activity and cycle life of alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yuehuan Zhang , Yuan Qiang
Published: June 2024

The Ru5.67Pt/PC catalyst possessing atomic Ru–Pt dual sites boosts mass activity and stability in alkaline water/seawater hydrogen generation.
Investigation of the exact spin channels in laser-induced spin dynamics in two mononuclear Cu(ii) complexes
Authors: Mummaneni Bharadwaj Chowdary , Chen Sihuai , Hübner Wolfgang , Lefkidis Georgios
Published: June 2024

We analyze the magnetic static and dynamic behavior of two synthesized Cu complexes, which can function as qubits when addressed with appropriate laser pulses.
Flux and fluence effects on the vacuum-UV photodesorption and photoprocessing of CO2 ices
Authors: Hacquard Antoine B. , Torres-DÍaz Daniela , Basalgète Romain , Toulouse Delfina , Féraud Géraldine , Del Fré Samuel , Noble Jennifer A. , Philippe Laurent , Michaut Xavier , Fillion Jean-Hugues , Lafosse Anne , Amiaud Lionel , Bertin Mathieu
Published: June 2024

CO2 is a major component of the icy mantles surrounding dust grains in planet and star formation regions.
The nature of crystal facet effect of TiO2-supported Pd/Pt catalysts on selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde: electron transfer process promoted by interfacial oxygen species
Authors: Zhou Jia-Feng , Peng Bo , Ding Meng , Shan Bing-Qian , Zhu Yi-Song , Bonneviot Laurent , Wu Peng , Zhang Kun
Published: June 2024

The nature of the crystal facet effect of TiO2-supported Pd/Pt catalysts on the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde was unveiled based on the p-band intermediate state (PBIS) theory.
The electronic structure of diatomic nickel oxide
Authors: Joyner Nickolas A. , Romeu João Gabriel Farias , Kent Brian , Dixon David A.
Published: June 2024

High level calculations at the MRCI+Q and CCSD(T) levels were used to predict the spectroscopic properties and bond dissociation energy of NiO. A range of DFT functionals were tested and most did not provide good agreement.
Laser-assisted exfoliation of Ti3C2Tx
Authors: Jiang Haoze , Zhang Haonan , Wei Wuning , Qi Mingshun , Wu Yongpeng , Deng Chenghao
Published: June 2024

A laser assisted ultrasonication method has been proposed, which realizes the efficient exfoliation of MXene nanoflakes with large size and specific surface area.
Spherical 2-acetylene-(copper metal–organic framework) preparation and efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over combined bimetallic sulfides
Authors: Wu Youlin , Xie Yiming , Jin Zhiliang
Published: June 2024

The ACu-MOF photocatalyst enhances hydrogen evolution by mitigating electron–hole recombination and efficiently segregating active electrons on the surface of ZCS.