bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exponential piece wise regression for rainfall data
Authors: Anil Kumar K , Sendil V N , Venkatramana Reddy S , Sarojamma B
Published: February 2021

There are several regression models for the rainfall in the literature. Some of them are linear regression model, multiple regression model, piece wise regression model, Poisson regression model, negative binomial regression model, etc. Various piece wise regression models are linear piece wise regression, polynomial piece wise regression, cubic piece wise regression, quadratic piece wise regression, etc. This paper proposes three piece wise regression models using exponential smoothing models, i.e, simple exponential smoothing spline, holt’s exponential spline, and damped exponential spline for annual rainfall data from 1970 to 2017 with two knots at 1990 and 2005 with three subdivisions. Symmetric mean average percentage error is used as an accuracy measure for choosing the best model among the proposed three exponential spline models.
Retrial queueing model with two heterogeneous server using matrix geometric method
Authors: Seenivasan M , Rajarajan G , Indumathi M
Published: February 2021

We consider a retrial queuing system with heterogeneous servers. The two servers have service rate µ1 for server 1 and µ2 for server 2 where µ1≠µ2. Server 1 is always obtainable and server 2 is intermittently obtainable. Server 2 goes to execute some important dissimilar jobs when the queue distance is increasing. By introducing the Markov Process {R(t), I(t); t ≥ 0} the stationary analysis has been carried out using Matrix Geometric Technique(MGT). Some numerical outcomes are also obtained.
Slope stability analyses at Agumbe Ghat section NH-169A with and without slope protection
Authors: Keshava Vishikha , Patil Nayana N , Venkatesh B R
Published: February 2021

Slopes along the highways in hilly areas are more prone to landslides and rockfalls. Slope failure predominantly occurs during monsoon and traffic gets interrupted. Slope stabilityanalysis is carried out to lessen the adverse effects of landslides and slope failures. One of the dangerous Ghat section in Karnataka is Agumbe Ghat. It has totally 14 hair pin bends. The work is focussed on slope stability carried out between 7th and 8th bend of Agumbe Ghat section which passes through NH-169A. The work reveals the analysis of slope stability with and without anchors. Slope catastrophes can be determined through suitable measurement of slope stability. Soil samples at the terrain are collected and tested in laboratory for important soil parameters. The bore log data has been collected and relevant data has been used for the analysis. The software used for analysis is GEO5 which helps to verify slope stability for critical circular or polygonal slip surfaces. Profile co-ordinate points have been surveyed and slope details have been collected from Google Earth,andwere used to plot 7th bend profile. This paper gives insight regarding,the set of anchors and effects on shear stresses along failure plain and stabilizing the slope effectively. Stability analysis were carried out by finding Factor of safety before and after adding anchors. It is found that the anchors increased the stability of slopes from 1.35 to 1.56.
Bio-Mineralization process on concrete substituted with different types of waste materials
Authors: Rohini I , Padmapriya R
Published: February 2021

Million tons of waste materials were produced in the world each year and most of it is not recyclable. To protect the environment from pollution and depletion, it is imperative to find explication for the safe disposal of waste materials. Using waste material in concrete production is a propitious method for eliminating the waste and reducing the cost of concrete. Also, the green concrete technology is expanding, it is necessary to utilize wastes in concrete that is generated from all the sectors. In construction large amounts of concrete from buildings was generated and demolitions made up 30-40 % of total wastes. Around 33 tons of Copper slag is produced across the world and 6 to 6.5 tons in India. Electronic waste is emerging as a serious public health and environmental issue in India and approximately 2 million tons of e-waste is generated annually. Concrete produced from wastes will have declination over the strength and it is necessary to improve the properties by some other technique. Self-healing concrete is a brand-new technology that ‘heals’ its own cracks and indicates a promising future in reducing the inevitable deterioration of concrete structures and the high maintenance costs involved. This research includes the inclusion of waste materials into the concrete and determination of compressive Strength of waste substituted concrete. Three major Wastes such as Demolition Wastes, Copper slag and E-Wastes were chosen to replace for aggregate and Bacteria subtilis a spore forming bacteria was used as an admixture to improve the properties of concrete. From the results obtained it has been observed that self-healing technology proves to be the fruitful and considerable increase in mechanical properties.
Real Time Object Detection Using SSD For Bank Security
Authors: Saji Ruhin Mary , Sobhana N V
Published: February 2021

Object detection in real time applications are more challenging and thus faces more difficulties in designing object detection applications. Object detection is a method of identifying predefined objects from images, videos or from other input sources. It consist of different steps for identifying the object from its surroundings. Earlier detection system uses different techniques for objection detection with computationally demanding networks that requires high GPU and needs more power. Considering the current circumstances in the society, it is better to design real time object detection system for security applications. The newly evolved technique such as Tensorflow(TF) along with OpenCV can be used used for object detection. The CCTV footages can be used as input and the monitoring of it can be done inorder to find any security violations. The proposed real time object detection system for bank security mainly aims in providing security to bank vaults. This system can also be used for other security applications where human entry is restricted. The proposed model can be used for different security related applications effectively.
Opinion mining from student text review for choosing better online courses
Authors: Chakravarthy V J , Kameswari M , Mydeen Hakkim Devan , Seenivasan M
Published: February 2021

The process of online assessment has utilized get increased gradually as an evaluating tool in order to measure the lectures performance over Institution of Higher Learning (IHLs). However, these approaches generally have questionnaires sets consists of both quantitative and qualitative whereas the teaching assessment systems for several online lecture have concentrated on quantitative questions part due to its quick analysis. Contrarily, the part of qualitative has needed opinion from students that frequently ignored or misplaced and the opinion results level are omitted. This is due to student’s opinion which is generally in term of unstructured text that made hard to analyze the feedback manually. Moreover, the enormous data amount has produced on daily basis which can be utilized to opinion mining for extracting the student’s opinion in this exact online education area that has not widely applied in all educational system. Therefore, this paper has designed a framework by applying opinion mining concept to the student of coursera online machine learning course as the dataset whereas the comparison is accomplished using opinion mining framework to extract. The unstructured text gets processed and classification results based on polarity to obtain better outcome. Hence, this framework maintain several steps namely opinion extraction, unstructured text processing and polarity classification using NLP. Moreover, the performance of the outcome from the Opinion Mining (OM) gets evaluated using machine learning algorithms.
Electrothermal micro tweezer for biomedical applications
Authors: Joshitha C , Ragavyshnavi D , Sai Priyanka D , Nagarjuna P , Sreeja B S
Published: February 2021

This paper presents design, simulation and results analysis for a novel micro tweezer. The principal element in the proposed device is a double U-beam electrothermal actuator. Using FEM tool, Poly-Silicon material is applied to the device structure and analysed for both in-plane and out of plane displacement for respective range of actuation potential. The micro tweezer holder mouth provided a maximum in-plane displacement of ∼48µm at 4.5V actuation voltage. Comparatively negligible out of plane displacement exhibited by the device during simulation. The proposed micro tweezer is designed for the micromanipulation of biological cells in a better way.
High Gain Patch Antenna using EBG Structures for WiMAX Application
Authors: Bhuvaneswari H B , Konnur Anand C , Vadeyanpur Shambulingappa K
Published: February 2021

One of the ways to achieve high gain in microstrip antennas is by using electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures. Incorporating EBG in the design supresses surface waves in the antenna ground plane and also helps in obtaining a uniform field distribution. The main objective of this paper is to obtain a high gain antenna suitable for WiMAX application by simply placing multiple EBG structures on the same plane of patch antenna. A simple microstrip patch antenna with and without EBG structures is designed and simulated using AnsoftHFSSTMsoftware with FR4 substrate having a dielectric constant of 4.4, loss tangent of 0.02 and thickness of 1.57mm at a resonating frequency of 5.6 GHz. The proposed EBG antenna increased the gain by approximately two times when compared with a simple micro-strip patch antenna.
The dependence of the conductivity tensor on electromagnetic waves and laser fields in a quantum well with infinite potential in the case of electrons - optical phonon scattering
Authors: Ngoc Hoang Van
Published: February 2021

There are many studies on low-dimensional semiconductors, including quantum wells. Conductivity tensor is one of the key concepts in materials research. This work studies the dependence of the conductivity tensor on electromagnetic waves and laser fields in a quantum well with infinite potential in the case of electrons - optical phonon scattering. Results are obtained using the quantum kinetic equation for electrons in a quantum well, the particle system is placed in an electromagnetic wave field and a laser field, from solving the quantum kinetic equation yields conductivity tensor expressions.This work also only considers the case of electron scattering - optical phonon and with quantum well there can be infinite potential. The conductivity tensor expression shows its dependence on the electromagnetic wave frequency, laser field frequency, laser field amplitude, and other parameters that characterize the quantum well.A graph of the dependence of the conductivity tensor on electromagnetic wave frequency, laser field frequency, and laser field amplitude will be plotted and examined. The semiconductor investigated here is the GaAs/GaAsAl quantum well.
Survey on metamaterial antennas
Authors: Suganthi J , Kavitha T , Ravindra V
Published: February 2021

Metamaterials are popular in the antenna research area because of their unusual properties. Metamaterials can be used to surpass disadvantages of conventional microstrip antenna such as larger bandwidth, reduction in size of the antenna, better return loss and improvement in gain, directivity with acceptable amount of input power. The main aim of this paper to analyse the best model required to design a patch antenna with respect to the relevant application.
Design and simulation of microstrip fractal patch antenna
Authors: Nitish Kumar P , Pavan R , Suganthi J , Kavitha T
Published: February 2021

The proposed fractal antenna is designed to operate at the frequency of 7.23 GHz using an FR4 substrate of relative permittivity of εr = 4.4. Different optimization techniques have been used, such as slots, use of meta-materials, fractal design, Feeding Techniques, to improve some antenna parameters. The resulting fractal design provides a gain of 10 dBi and a return loss of -19.8 dB which is about 90% of the input power radiated.
A Comprehensive View on Information Metering, Monitoring and Measurement of a Smartgrid
Authors: Brinda P , Usha Rani P
Published: February 2021

Smart grid is a type of electrical grid which are capable of performing different kinds of operation, measurement of energies through several applications like smart application, smart meter, energy efficient resource, and renewable energy resource. Smart grid with the utilization of computer application tries to enhance the communication, connectivity among other components, and automation program. With the help of self-monitoring system it can enable two-way communication digitally. Smart grip can be analyzed utilizing 3 important aspects which are management system for Smart Grid, infrastructure, and protection system for smart grid. This research paper mainly focuses on the smart grid infrastructure system. The infrastructure system is then further divided into various types of a subsystem as smart energy, smart information, and smart communication. This research highlights on smart grid information metering and measurement system with its recent trends.
DC Microgrids: Architecture and Challenges
Authors: Priyadarshini Padhi Priyanka , Deepa K
Published: February 2021

In the evolving era, microgrid wins the heart in all power fields. Among that DC configuration achieved more demand because of its less complex structure, low cost, more reliability and more power quality and last but not the least the control scheme is less complex than AC microgrid. Management of power and energy are the evolving traits adopted by researchers now a days. This paper mainly aims at the comparative analysis of different topologies, structure, and operational mode of DC microgrid. Despite the global energy crisis and the increasingly atmospheric pollution, distributed generation integration with renewable energy is becoming a potential trend in technology. Finally, attention has been paid to the recent challenges to the DC microgrid system.
Investigation of performance and emission characteristics of four stroke single cylinder diesel engine with cotton-seed biodiesel
Authors: Mehta Bhavin , Subhedar Dattatraya , Patel Gaurang , Swarnkar Abhishek
Published: February 2021

In present article, engine performance and emission characteristics were investigated with various blends of cotton-seed bio diesel and diesel. Reason to choose cotton seed bio diesel is its thermophysical properties which is identical with diesel. It also consists of higher oxygen content which directly improves combustion efficiency of the engine. Four Stroke, Single cylinder, diesel engine was tested under various blends consist of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (by Vol) of cotton seed biodiesel. Experimental results found no significant variation in brake thermal efficiency up to 10% biodiesel blend then it found to be dropped gradually. Brake thermal efficiency decreased by 12% at 20% biodiesel blend. CO & HC emissions exhibited decreasing trends with percentage increase in biodiesel concentration. Increase in NOx emission was insignificant up to 10% biodiesel blend. It can be further noted that 10% biodiesel diesel blend shows optimized performance and emission results.
Effect of Al2O3 and SiC nanoparticles on tribological properties of bi-directional glass fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Patel G A , Chaudhary V P , Mehta B H , Swarnkar A D
Published: February 2021

Composite materials shortened from composition material are an emerging field in today’s world. It is a rather cheap product that gives us the required strength. They are used in buildings, bridges, colleges and also not to forget many structures like boat hulls and swimming pools, etc. In Present research work composite materials made with Bi-directional glass fiber sheet as reinforcement material and polyester as matrix material. The nanoparticles of Al2O3 and SiC used as additive to identify the effects on tribological properties. The experiments carried out under constant sliding speed of 5000 meter by varying the load values in range of 20 to 80 N and the sliding speed from 2 to 5 m/s to find the effect of nanoparticles on wear and friction properties. The results show the improvement in wear property of GFRC+5% Al2O3 compare to GFRC and GFRC+5%SiC under different loading condition and sliding speeds. The COF value decreased continuously under loading condition for GFRC+5%SiC and shows minimum COF as loading values increased while in the case of sliding speed GFRC shows batter results compare to GFRC+5% Al2O3 and GFRC+5%SiC.
Effect of air-steam agent on co-gasification of biomass and coal
Authors: Suyitno  , Muqoffa M , Ilyas A X , Juwana W E
Published: February 2021

The goal of the study is to investigate the impact of adding steam as a gasification agent for the co-gasification of biomass and coal. Study has been performed with ASPEN PLUS simulation, and has been confirmed by experimental findings. The coal and biomass ratio of 60% was gasified at an equivalent ratio of 0.29 and 0.35. The addition of steam was as much as 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% for each equivalence ratio difference. The findings demonstrate that the best quality of fuel gasses such as CO and It is obtained by applying up to 75% steam where the temperature of the reactor can still be held at 770°C. The cold gas efficiency and carbon combustion efficiency where equivalent ratio ranged from 0.29 to 0.35 at 75% steam to air ratio are 61.2-67.3% and 77-79%, respectively. Co-gasification between coal and biomass with a combination of air and steam may technically be a replacement for biomass gasification with air.
Airflow noise reduction in digital stethoscope add-on device
Authors: Dubey S G , Sudhakar D S S , Saha S
Published: February 2021

Stethoscope is an essential device for doctors, but it has a steep learning curve. The use of an electronic stethoscope facilitates the doctor to examine the patient remotely with high quality audio. This paper deals with, occurrence and rectification of airborne noise based on ANSYS fluent flow simulation to predict the air flow inside the enclosure and acoustic performance improvement by designing the enclosure.
Analytical study on new types of shear connectors in composite slab
Authors: Shirgaonkar Aniket A , Patil Yogesh D , Patil Hemant S
Published: February 2021

Profiled deck composite slab is gaining more popularity from the past two decades due to its easy, fast and economical construction. Shear connectors are a key element in the composite slab. It creates a tensile link between the steel sheet and Concrete and also transfers horizontal shear stresses from Concrete to deck sheet. The overall stiffness of the composite slab depends upon the shape of the profiled deck sheet as well as the type of shear connector utilized. In this research article, two new types of shear connectors named as S type and W type were proposed for profiled deck composite slab.The research comprises of non-linear finite element analysis using an effective constitutive model of the experimental four point bending test using ANSYS software. The behaviour of these new type of shear connectors are compared with conventionally used shear studs. The effectiveness of shear connectors in the composite system is analyzed by comparing it with a model without any shear connector. The behaviour of four composite slab models is analyzed based on deflection and slip characteristics. S-type and W-type shear connectors showed excellent behaviour compared to a conventionally sued shear connector and proved to be a better alternative solution.
SHIP model: redesign the assistive walker for children cerebral palsy with the concept of useability, safety, and efficiency
Authors: Susmartini S , Herdiman L , Priadythama I
Published: February 2021

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a diagnostic term commonly used to describe problems in CP children characterized by body movements and postures that make walking activities difficult. This device is very useful for them to maintain a safe walking pattern. Gait performance analysis walker for CP children must be considered well. Many internal and external factors are involved or forgotten in the redesign decision. We study the need for assistive devices for children CP because our goal is how to apply the redesign through the SHIP model to walker planning in accordance with universal design principles. Data collection in the SHIP model was carried out by semi-structured interviews. A total of 18 participants were involved, including 6 children with cerebral palsy, aged between 12 and 13 years, 6 parents of CP children, 2 caregivers, 2 academics and 2 practitioners. Gait analysis to measure the walking ability for children CP uses a walker and measured at the end of a 1-week training session. The results of the SHIP model obtained several improvements to the initial walker design associated with the redesign of the walker, according to the needs of useability, safety, and efficiency. This redesign of the walker for CP children can increase in speed in the walking in the anterior position is 14.3% and the posterior position is 25%. This shows the importance of interaction between the stakeholders involved, but also provides evidence that the walker needs of CP children may differ from one another because they are at different stages of development and different roles in their environment.
Investigations into performance of conventional and conformal cooling channels of a plastic injection mold.
Authors: Purav Advait C , Singraur Deepika S , Sudhakar D S S
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a comparative simulation analysis with traditional, conventional and conformal cooling channels of a plastic injection moulded part with variation in wall thickness has been analysed with the aim of determining which configuration will give better results in terms of part cooling time, volumetric shrinkage and warpage. The objective is to improve the part quality and to reduce the overall cycle time needed to manufacture the part.
Thermal-hydraulic analysis of Cable-In-Conduit Superconductor: A CFD approach
Authors: Vaghela Hitensinh , Sarkar Biswanath , Lakhera Vikas , Prasad Upendra
Published: February 2021

Superconducting (SC) magnets with Cable in Conduit Superconductor (CICSC) winding, cooled by helium at 4 K temperature are employed for many applications which require high magnetic field and high current densities. The construction of CICSC aims to maintain superconductivity state by optimization of various parameters, i.e., thermal stability, ratio of normal conductor to superconductor material, mechanical strength, low hydraulic impedance, current density, magnetic field, etc. The cryogenic thermal stability of the CICSC is of prime importance for the safe, stable and reliable operation of SC magnets. The prediction of thermal and hydraulic behaviour of CICSC in large SC magnets is difficult due to the complex geometry, variation of fluid properties, various heat in-flux incidences over the long length of CICSC and a complex heat transport phenomenon. Here we present a CFD approach for the thermal hydraulic analysis of a typical CICSC applying the porous media analogy and discuss the suitability for a wider range of operational scenario at higher Reynolds number and for various geometries.
Mass production of re-entrant cubic auxetic structure
Authors: Balaji B , Gupta Burela Ramesh , Ponniah Ganeshthangaraj
Published: February 2021

The unique characteristics of auxetic materials has attracted significant attention in the research domain. Its distinguishing negative Poisson’s ratio has found its way to targeted applications where normal materials fail to deliver the expected results. The manufacturing of macro sized auxetic structures has always been a challenge. This paper proposes the possibility for mass production of auxetic structures. Materials available in standard shapes are utilized to manufacture the auxetic structure. A new re-entrant cubic auxetic structure is developed, analysed and fabricated. This auxetic structure provides a better scope for mass production.
Frictional behaviour of AA7050/7.5B4Cp/Gr hybrid composites fabricated through stir casting
Authors: Ranjith R , Venkatesan S , Sivakumar N S , Naresh Kumar P
Published: February 2021

In this research, AA7050 aluminium alloy strengthened with Boron carbide (B4Cp) and Graphite (Gr) was manufactured by stir casting. The impact of the reinforcing particles on various process parameters on the friction coefficient were thoroughly examined utilizing pin-on-disc apparatus with experiments centred on design of experiments. The outcomes exposed that the coefficient of friction decreases with upsurge in percentage reinforcement and increases with applied load, and sliding distance. With respect to the sliding velocity it decreases until a saddle point, there after it starts to increase. Utilising the response surface methodology, a mathematical model for the friction coefficient was established.
Microwave assisted green synthesis of ZnO nanotubes using Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber extract.
Authors: Naresh Kumar P , Vijayakumar B , Ranjith R
Published: February 2021

Green nanoparticle synthesis is gaining significant interest and is the perfect alternative to the chemical and physical synthesis process. This paper introduces a novel plant-mediated microwave-assisted green synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanotubes usingAmorphophallus paeoniifoliustuber extract. In the nanoparticle synthesis process, the tubers phytochemicals serve as a reducing agent and a bio template. The synthesized nanoparticles are exposed to microwave radiation for 15 minutes and are then annealed at 400°C for 1 hour. The green synthesized nanoparticles are analyzed with XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, HRTEM, EDX, and FTIR spectroscopy. Subsequently, TEM images depicts the tube-shaped ZnO NPs with d-spacing of 2.3Å. The XRD confirms the wurtzite phase with 14 nm as mean particle size.
Impact of dedicated mini roundabout on the capacity and level of services of the unsignalized intersection
Authors: Rahmat K , Sugiarto S , Saleh S M
Published: February 2021

This paper is aiming at investigating the impact of dedicated mini-roundabout on the capacity and level of services at a four-legged unsignalized intersection. The assessment was carried out based on two scenarios namely before the installation mini-roundabout (existing) and after installation (improvement). Datasets were collected at Ujung Stasiun KA unsignalized intersection, which is in the center of Bireuen City, Aceh province of Indonesia. A video-cameras are installed to observed traffic patterns including hourly volume, movement trajectories, and vehicle composition during three days on a morning, afternoon, and evening peak hour traffic. The Indonesian highway capacity manual (IHCM, 1997) is used to evaluate the capacity and level of service in existing conditions while the simulation approach using VISSIM is then performed to assess the scenario of virtual implementation dedicated mini roundabout. The result of analysis demonstrates that the capacity of unsignalized slightly increases by 5% while the delay and level of service are significantly reduced to 42% (31.02 sec to 18 sec), and improved from E to C, for delay and LOS, respectively. It can be concluded that the improvement of the existing condition by implemented a dedicated mini roundabout could improve the capacity and LOS in the study area.
The influence of architecture of Umah Pitu Ruang on Gayonese modern housing in Takengon
Authors: Putra R A , Zahrah A , Dewi C , Izziah
Published: February 2021

Takengon is the capital of Central Aceh district located in Aceh highland. The geographical location of Takengon in the highlands certainly distinguishes the climate in this city from the cities in the lowlands and the coast in Aceh. This condition certainly affects the architecture in Takengon. The housing owned by the people is certainly constructed in such a way as to be responsive to climatic conditions in this city. Besides, housing is likely influenced by the customs and culture of the local people as well. This study aims to examine to what extent umah pitu ruang, which is the traditional architecture of the Gayonese, influences the modern housing architecture that exists today. Based on this study, the influence of umah pitu ruang as a traditional Gayonese house on the housing of modern society is almost no longer exist in terms of spatial arrangements and ornaments. This makes the values in the Gayonese traditional architecture could disappear over time.
Analysis of the effect of using wire mesh layers on hot asphalt mixtures with modulus of elasticity
Authors: Ismy R , Husaini  , Saleh S M , Isya M
Published: February 2021

The value of the modulus of elasticity is very important to know for analyzing the strength of a hot asphalt mixture because the increase in the modulus of elasticity indicates an increase in the ability of a mixture to withstand loads by itself. The use of the wire mesh layer as reinforcement in hot asphalt mixture is considered capable of increasing the modulus of elasticity. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the use of wire mesh layers in the hot asphalt mixture with the modulus of elasticity. The research was conducted using the three-point flexural test apparatus. Based on experiment methode, it was found that hot asphalt mixture with a layer of wire mesh laying 30 mm from the surface of the specimen was the best type of specimen modeling with a bending resistance value of 291.85 KN. The higher the flexural resistance value that can be withheld, the higher the modulus of elasticity, namely 3,800.13 MPa. The best asphalt mixtures are characterized by a high modulus of elasticity, high stress, and low strain.
Assessment of regional spatial plan (RSP) of areas along the active fault of Seulimeum segment in Aceh Province
Authors: Darmi A , Ismail N , Aulia T B , Nanda M , Yanis M
Published: February 2021

The Seulimeum Segment is the northernmost branch of the Great Sumatran Fault. This active fault crosses settlements in Aceh Besar Regency and Pidie Regency in Aceh Province. Tectonically, this situation can be a threat along the active fault line. In this study, active fault lines of the Seulimeum Segment were mapped. Based on the active fault lines, residential areas, infrastructure distribution, and Regional Spatial Plan (RSP) were reviewed for eligibility. Some areas, e.g., Tangse, Lamtamot, and Krueng Raya, were the focus of this study. Avoidance zones were categorized based on their distances from the active fault line, which were 20 m from the fault, 100 m from the fault, and 300 m from the fault. According to an active fault line analysis on the RSP map, infrastructure map, and demographics map, the Krueng Raya area would be the most affected by losses due to disasters in the future. Some buildings, hospitals, mosques, government offices, settlements, and industrial areas in Krueng Raya are situated along an active fault line. It is because the RSP of this area has not yet considered the potential for geological disasters in the infrastructure development process. Some recommendations have been proposed to reduce the impact of losses in the future.
Effect of enforcement operations during festive seasons called Ops Sikap on road traffic accidents of Malaysia
Authors: Darma Y , Karim M R , Abdullah S
Published: February 2021

The road safety statistics have shown a remarkable increase in number of injuries during the festive seasons in Malaysia. To anticipate the burden of the injuries, the police has carried out an advanced enforcement operations called “Ops Sikap” since 2001. Evaluations on the effectiveness of the operations are, however, found inconclusive. This study employed ARIMA and intervention model to further evaluate the effect of the Ops Sikap. The effect of an intervention on the number of accidents is measured using the pulse function. ARIMA model is used to forecast the series without such intervention and become the basis for the ARIMA(p,d,q) process of the intervention model. Forecasted accidents from the intervention model are then compared with the ARIMA one to attain how far the effect. The results show that the operations have reduced the number of accidents in many years. Out of twenty five Ops Sikap carried out, fourteen times (56%) have successfully brought the accidents down. The operations have provided the reduction of the monthly accidents up to 0.7% as compared with the accidents if there were no such operations taken.
The vulnerability of housing on the north coast of Banda Aceh to disasters from the sea
Authors: Nursaniah C , Irwansyah M , Qadri L , Mariana
Published: February 2021

Alue Naga is an example of a coastal village in the northern city of Banda Aceh which was severely damaged during the earthquake and tsunami in 2004, but until now there has been no maximum environmental improvement and mitigation for this coastal settlement. The ideal initial mitigation study to be carried out for coastal settlements is to analyze the physical vulnerability of housing as a physical structure characteristic that determines the potential damage to disasters. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection through observation, a global positioning system, interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using geographic information system techniques to determine the spatial condition of the area. Assessment of the potential vulnerability of housing in each cluster of Alue Naga settlements is obtained by scoring and weighting methods for variables that contribute to the level of disaster vulnerability, namely the type of building construction, the shape of the ground floor of the building, and the orientation of the building to the coast. The results showed that the potential vulnerability in each cluster was different for each variable being reviewed, there were clusters that were vulnerable, more vulnerable, and very vulnerable to the threat of disasters from the sea. It takes serious action from stakeholders to further improve protection and mitigation against disasters from the sea in the northern coastal settlements of Banda Aceh City with structural mitigation and non-structural mitigation.
Territorial characteristic through residential boundaries on Indo-Tiongkok relocation housing in Neuheun, Aceh Besar
Authors: Shah A , Wulandari E , Izziah
Published: February 2021

Residents create boundaries through territories control according to what they feel, need, and their abilities in technical and technology. That is why territorial boundaries will be able to reflect the characteristics of the particular residents. This research is conducted in Indo-Tiongkok relocation housing which is located in a rural hilly area. Those aided houses were uniformly shaped given to the tsunami victims with very diverse socio-cultural conditions. This research uses survey methodology, observes the architectural object of plot boundaries, and in-depth interviews to find out the reasons for the creation of the boundary pattern. The result shows the characteristic in general, the pattern of the fence as a boundary appears based on social needs (self-actualization) and external disturbances, namely: a) disturbance that appears in limiting the activities of foreigners to the residential area; b) disturbance from animal pests to protect gardens and houses.. This research concludes that the development of residential boundaries for relocation housing is influenced not only from the internal aspects of the residents but also from the external aspects of the environment. In determining the relocation of post-disaster relief homes in rural areas, the threat of wild animals needs to be considered in planning housing areas.
Reventing brittle hybrid high-strength reinforced concrete slab collapse due to punching shear using coal flyash substitution, tie wire fiber and polypropylene fiber
Authors: Aulia T B , Hayati Y , Idris Y , Amalia Z , Handoko E
Published: February 2021

Heavy vehicles crossing a bridge could lead in punching shear failure at reinforced concrete deck slab due to highly concentrated axial compressive load from their wheels. This may occur in a very brittle manner and difficult to fix. Effort in improving punching shear capacity of deck slab is with using high-strength concrete and adding fibers into concrete. However, high-strength concretes are not environmentally friendly because using a lot of cement contributing to large CO2 emissions to the atmosphere during its production, therefore coal flyash is used as a part of cement substitution. Based on these facts, this research aims to analyze punching shear capacity of hybrid high-strength reinforced concrete slabs using coal flyash as cement substitution which added with tie wire fiber and polypropylene fiber. The amount of coal flyash was taken 15% from cement weight as cement substitution, tie wire fiber 2% from concrete volume having aspect ratio l/d of 40 and straight shaped fiber geometry, as well as polypropylene fiber 0.2% from concrete volume. Three hybrid high-strength reinforced concrete slabs of 60 × 60 cm2 (two-way-slab) with a thickness 12 cm, w/c-ratio of 0.30 and concrete cylinder compressive strength of f′c = 60 MPa were made with 15% coal flyash and 2% tie wire fiber (CFA-TWF), 15% coal flyash and 0.2% polypropylene fiber (CFA-PPF), as well as 15% coal flyash and combination of 2% tie wire fiber and 0.2% polypropylene fiber (CFA-TWF-PPF). One plain slab without flyash and fibers (PSHSC) was tested as a comparison. To guarantee the punching shear failure mechanism, the slabs were reinforced with tensile reinforcement of 10 Ø 10.5 mm which was distributed to each direction and tested then by giving a concentrated punching load. The results showed that using of coal flyash substitution and addition of fibers could significantly increase the punching shear capacity and structural ductility of hybrid high-strength concrete slabs with the highest enhance both achieved in CFA-TWF-PPF, i.e., 67.91% for punching shear capacity and 92.82% for structural ductility compared with plain slab PSHSC.
The effect of particle size and dosage on the performance of Papaya seeds (Carica papaya) as biocoagulant on wastewater treatment of batik industry
Authors: Putra R S , Airun N H
Published: February 2021

In this study, the performance of papaya seeds(Carica papaya)as biocoagulant was evaluated using Batik wastewater which referred to the water sample. The effectiveness of particle size and dosage of papaya seeds were evaluated based on turbidity removal (%), total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC). The Tyndall effect of clear solution was also evaluated in this study. The results showed that the turbidity removal of water sample achieved as much as 92.2%, and had followed by the decreasing of TDS and EC. The optimum results from the decrease in turbidity, TDS, and EC were obtained at the particle size of 250 mesh and the biocoagulant dosage of 1000 mg. The measurement of the Tyndall effect has concluded that the water sample has to remain the colloidal particle even though the treatment water as clear as the quality standard of freshwater.
Study of linearity and stability of Pb(II)-1,10-phenanthroline complex with the presence of Fe (II) dan Mg (II) matrix ions using UV-Vis spectrophotometry
Authors: Nisah K , Ramli M , Marlina  , Idroes R , Safitri E
Published: February 2021

The effect of Fe (II) and Mg (II) as matrix ions in the determination of Pb (II) based on 1,10-phenanthroline complexing agent at pH 7 had been investigated. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of Fe (II) and Mg (II) on the determination of Pb (II) using the complexing agent 1,10-phenanthroline. The absorbance determination using a spectrophotometer was conducted at a wavelength of 302.5 nm for Pb (II)-1,10-Phenanthroline. Linear correlation between the investigated absorbance on Pb concentration was represented by a linear equation of y = 0.0131 x + 0.8693 (R2= 0.9613). From the linear equation, it was obtained the increase in sensitivity and linearity for Mg (II), as well as the decrease in sensitivity and linearity for Fe (II). It revealed that Fe (II) and Mg (II) affects the analysis of Pb (II) using 1,10-phenanthroline complexing agent. In order to achieve stability of Pb (II)-1,10-Phenanthroline, it was compared with Mg (II)-1,10-Phenanthroline and Fe (II)-1,10-Phenanthroline. It suggested that Pb (II), Mg (II) and Fe (II) had an equivalent binding strength against 1,10-Phenanthroline.
Application of Near-Infrared spectroscopy and chemometric (PCA) in variety holothuria atra and holothuria scabra in Simeuleu, Aceh province
Authors: Ikhsan I , Yusnaini R , Nasution R , Munawar A A , Idroes R
Published: February 2021

As the largest maritime country globally, Indonesia has a variety of potential marine biota that can be explored as a source of nutrition and raw materials for medicine. As one of the marine biota, Sea cucumbers have been widely recognized by the public as a medicine for treatment from generation to generation. With the breadth and variation of Indonesian waters’ characteristics, it is possible to have differences in the nutritional and bioactive content of various types and sources of sea cucumber. This study analyzes the compounds in Holothuria atra, and Holothuria scabra dried sea cucumbers using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Spectrum data of dried sea cucumber samples were obtained from the absorbance spectrum in the wavelength range of 780 nm - 2500 nm with a resolution of 0.02 nm and 32 scans. The spectrum data is then projected onto principal component analysis (PCA) to extract data and observe similarities between the two samples. The results showed that there was no difference between the Holothuria atra and Holothuria scabra dry samples in terms of the spectral data showing their molecular bonds. However, the essential chemical structure related to the content of sea cucumbers is vibrating in the Near-infrared region, especially in the waves 1147, 1310, 1452, 1667, 1819, 1920, and 2235 nm, indicates the presence of molecular bonds C-H, O-H, C-O, C-H-O, N-H, and S-H. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that NIRS has the potential to analyze and determine several quality attributes of sea cucumber samples with further calibration modeling.
The influences of operating conditions on the removal of Fe(II) in water by adsorption using bentonite as a low-cost adsorbent
Authors: Jannah M , Mulyati S , Rosnelly C M , Muchtar S
Published: February 2021

The contamination of Fe2+ in groundwater is a problem that needs to be handled seriously as it can cause health problems for humans. In this study, the adsorption process method is conducted by use of natural bentonite from North Aceh. This process is expected to reduce Fe2+ as effectively as possible. The adsorption process is carried out by varying the contact time, adsorbent dose, and pH of the sample. The most effective contact time is obtained at 160 minutes, the adsorbent dose is 1 g/L and the pH of the sample is in neutral condition. With the initial concentration of metal in the sample solution of 20 mg/L, the adsorption process is able to remove 85.5% of Fe with the remaining Fe in the water of only 2.82 g/L.
The utilization of activated carbon from Jamblang tree bark to adsorb lead heavy metal ion
Authors: Mariana  , Mulana F , Muchtar S , Fadhilah A , Febrina C Y
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the characterization of activated carbon from Jamblang tree bark, the adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency and the type of adsorption isotherm. The type of adsorbents used in this study are those without activation, with physical, chemical, and physical chemical activation. The preparation of adsorbent is initiated with carbonization of Jamblang tree bark at 400 °C for 3 hours, then physically activated by heating at 600 °C for 6 hours, chemically with 0.3 M HCl solution, and heating following with immersion with HCl solution. The adsorption process is performed atseveral adsorption time of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes and initial adsorbate concentrations of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 ppm. The performance of prepared activated carbonsis tested on the adsorption of Pb metal ions. Several characterizations are carried out such as using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the morphology of activated carbon, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR) determines functional groups, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) determines composition and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) determines the surface area and pore size. The results show that the best adsorption capacity and efficiency are obtained at adsorption process usiang chemical-physically activated adsorbent with an optimum time of 120 minutes and an initial adsorbate concentration of 125 ppm. The achieved adsorption capacity and efficiency capacity are 57.28 mg/gr and 60.45%, respectively. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm model.
The influence of temperatures, polarity, modifier and pressure to retention index in supercritical fluid chromatography: A review
Authors: Idroes R , Muslem  , Mahmudi  , Saiful  , Paristiowati M , Idroes G M , Suhendra R , Maulana A , Noviandy T R , Irvanizam
Published: February 2021

Changes in analysis parameters affect the retention index calculation on all chromatography systems. In Supercritical Fluid Chromatography, the analysis parameters are more than Gas Chromatography or Liquid Chromatography. In this study, the effect of all those parameters were presented based on the research that has developed to date. The data and the information were collected from the previous published articles. The changes in the analysis parameters which are temperature, polarity, modifier, and pressure on SFC affected the retention index calculation, but the significant levels were different. The pressure change has the least significant effect for both polar and non-polar analytes. The temperature and stationary phase polarity changes have insignificant effects for non-polar analyte, but significant for polar one. Meanwhile, the modifier change have a very significant effect, both for polar and non-polar analytes.
Utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles in geothermal exploration: A review
Authors: Marwan  , Noviandy T R , Maulana A , Suhendra R , Yusuf M , Lala A , Idroes G M , Muslem  , Mahmudi  , Idroes R
Published: February 2021

Geothermal is a source of heat energy from the earth and is a renewable energy source. Geothermal exploitation as an energy source is still ongoing. Recently there has been an increase in the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology as an alternative option in aerial surveys and observations in geothermal areas. The use of UAVs in geothermal exploration is an alternative option. This is because the unmanned aerial vehicle has many advantages and features that can be utilized. Various studies that have been conducted have shown that the use of UAVs has become a method that brings changes in the exploration process of geothermal areas. UAVs are proven to assist in the geothermal exploration process and produce fast, reliable, and cost-effective solutions. UAVs also help explore geothermal areas that were previously difficult to study, namely areas with extreme environmental conditions and rugged access terrain. UAVs can also be used to search for potential sources as new manifestations in geothermal areas so that the points of manifestation in geothermal areas can be identified. This is very helpful in increasing the efficiency and less risk for the researcher.