bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The identification of phosphoglycerate kinase‐1 and histone H4 autoantibodies in pancreatic cancer patient serum using a natural protein microarray
Authors: Patwa Tasneem H. , Li Chen , Poisson Laila M. , Kim Hye‐Yeung , Pal Manoj , Ghosh Debashis , Simeone Diane M. , Lubman David M.
Published: July 2009

Protein microarrays have been used to explore whether a humoral response to pancreatic cancer‐specific tumor antigens has utility as a biomarker of pancreatic cancer. To determine if such arrays can be used to identify novel autoantibodies in the sera from pancreatic cancer patients, proteins from a pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (MIAPACA) were resolved by 2‐D liquid‐based separations, and then arrayed on nitrocellulose slides. The slides were probed with serum from a set of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and compared with age‐ and sex‐matched normal subjects. To account for patient‐to‐patient variability, we used a rank‐based non‐parametric statistical testing approach in which proteins eliciting significant differences in the humoral response in cancer compared with control samples were identified. The prediction analysis for microarrays classification algorithm was used to explore the classification power of the proteins found to be differentially expressed in cancer and control sera. The generalization error of the classification analysis was estimated using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. A serum diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in this set was predicted with 86.7% accuracy, with a sensitivity and specificity of 93.3 and 80%, respectively. Candidate autoantibody biomarkers identified using this approach were studied for their classification power by performing a humoral response experiment on recombinant proteins using an independent sample set of 238 serum samples. Phosphoglycerate kinase‐1 and histone H4 were noted to elicit a significant differential humoral response in cancer sera compared with age‐ and sex‐matched sera from normal patients and patients with chronic pancreatitis and diabetes. This work demonstrates the use of natural protein arrays to study the humoral response as a means to search for the potential markers of cancer in serum.
Mimicking virus attachment to host cells employing liposomes: Analysis by chip electrophoresis
Authors: Weiss Victor U. , Bilek Gerhard , Pickl‐Herk Angela , Blaas Dieter , Kenndler Ernst
Published: July 2009

Electrophoresis on a chip increasingly replaces electrophoresis in the capillary format because of its speed and containment of the sample within a disposable cartridge. In this paper we demonstrate its utility in the analysis of the interaction between a virus and a liposome‐anchored receptor, mimicking viral attachment to host cells. This became possible because detergents, obligatory constituents of the BGE for capillary electrophoretic separation of the virus, were not necessary in the chip format. Separations were carried out in sodium borate buffer, pH 8.3. Liposomes and virus were both labeled for laser‐induced fluorescence detection at λex/λem 630/680 nm. Free virus and virus‐receptor complexes were resolved from virus attached to receptor‐decorated liposomes in the absence of additives or sieving matrices within about 30 s on commercially available microfluidic chips.
Improved detection of chromosomal abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by conventional cytogenetics using CpG oligonucleotide and interleukin‐2 stimulation: A Belgian multicentric study
Authors: Put Natalie , Konings Peter , Rack Katrina , Jamar Mauricette , Roy Nadine Van , Libouton Jeanne‐Marie , Vannuffel Pascal , Sartenaer Daniel , Ameye Geneviève , Speleman Frank , Herens Christian , Poirel Hélène A. , Moreau Yves , Hagemeijer Anne , Vandenberghe Peter , Michaux Lucienne
Published: July 2009

We performed a multicentric study to assess the impact of two different culture procedures on the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in 217 consecutive unselected cases with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) referred for routine analysis either at the time of diagnosis (n = 172) or during disease evolution (n = 45). Parallel cultures of peripheral blood or bone marrow were set up with the addition of either the conventional B‐cell mitogen 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) or a combination of CpG oligonucleotide (CpG) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). Cytogenetic analyses were performed on both cultures. Clonal abnormalities were identified in 116 cases (53%). In 78 cases (36%), the aberrant clone was detected in both cultures. Among these, the percentages of aberrant metaphases were similar in both conditions in 17 cases, higher in the CpG/IL‐2 culture in 43 cases, and higher in the TPA culture in 18 cases. Clonal aberrations were detected in only one culture, either in CpG/IL‐2 or TPA in 33 (15%) and 5 (2%) cases, respectively. Taken together, abnormal karyotypes were observed in 51% with CpG/IL‐2 and 38% with TPA (P < 0.0001). Application of FISH (n = 201) allowed the detection of abnormalities not visible by conventional cytogenetic analysis in 80 cases: del(13q) (n = 71), del(11q) (n = 5), +12 (n = 2), del(14q) (n = 1), and del(17p) (n = 1). In conclusion, our results confirm that CpG/IL‐2 stimulation increases the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in CLL compared with TPA and that further improvement can be obtained by FISH. However, neither conventional cytogenetics nor FISH detected all aberrations, demonstrating the complementary nature of these techniques. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of SNP streak statistics using gene drop simulation with linkage disequilibrium
Authors: Thomas Alun
Published: July 2009

We describe methods and programs for simulating the genotypes of individuals in a pedigree at large numbers of linked loci when the alleles of the founders are under linkage disequilibrium. Both simulation and estimation of linkage disequilibrium models are shown to be feasible on a genome wide scale. The methods are applied to evaluate the statistical significance of streaks of loci at which sets of related individuals share a common allele. The effects of properly allowing for linkage disequilibrium are shown to be important as they explain many of the large observations. This is illustrated by reanalysis of a previously reported linkage of prostate cancer to chromosome 1p23. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 119–124, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brachytherapy boost for T1/T2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yeo Richard , Fong Kam Weng , Hee Siew Wan , Chua Eu Tiong , Tan Terence , Wee Joseph
Published: July 2009

Background.

The aim of this study was to review our experience and demonstrate the safety of intracavitary brachytherapy (ICB) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods.

Hundred seventy‐eight patients with early T1‐2b disease underwent radical external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) followed by ICB boost. The primary tumor received 66 Gy of EBRT over 33 fractions using 6 or 10 MV photons. ICB insertions were performed 1 week later, delivering 10 Gy in 2 fractions over 8 days. Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses were used to calculate the actuarial 5‐year overall survival (OS), cause‐specific survival, local control, and disease‐free survival (DFS).

Results.

Five‐year local control rates were 91.6%. OS, DFS, and cause‐specific survival were estimated to be 85.25%, 81.7%, and 87.9%, respectively. Median follow‐up was 86 months. There were no documented serious complications noted with ICB.

Conclusion.

ICB boost supplementing radical EBRT is an excellent method of enhancing local control for patients with NPC with early T1‐2b disease. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Predictors of facial palsy after surgery for benign parotid disease: Multivariate analysis of 626 operations
Authors: Yuan Xiandao , Gao Zhiqiang , Jiang Hong , Yang Hua , Lv Wei , Wang Zhen , Niu Yanyan , Feng Guodong
Published: July 2009

Background.

The objective was to identify the risk factors for, and incidence of, facial palsy following conservative parotidectomy.

Methods.

Conservative parotidectomies for benign diseases (N = 626) were studied retrospectively. The risk factors for postoperative facial palsy were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses of variables related to patient demographics, comorbid illnesses, and characteristics of the operation.

Results.

The rate of transient facial palsies was 23.16% following parotidectomy. Significant risk factors for transient facial palsy were diabetic mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 1.727 [95% CI: 1.062–2.810]) and extended surgery (OR 3.049 [95% CI: 2.058–4.515]). Only the type of surgery was found to have a statistically significant causal relation with permanent facial palsy (p = .017).

Conclusions.

Comorbid diabetes, and more extensive as opposed to partial superficial parotidectomy, may be associated with transient facial palsy following operation for benign parotid disease. The incidence of permanent facial palsy may be higher when a more extensive parotidectomy is performed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Prefabricated bony radial forearm flap for secondary mandible reconstruction after radiochemotherapy
Authors: Leonhardt Henry , Pradel Winnie , Mai Ronald , Markwardt Jutta , Lauer Günter
Published: July 2009

Background

Primary reconstruction of the mandible is the golden standard of surgical treatment after ablative tumor surgery. Many different microvascular bone grafts are used to reduce wound healing complications at the severely compromised recipient site. The loss of primary grafts due to radiotherapy or osteoradionecrosis can make secondary mandibular reconstruction necessary. To address this problem, we developed the technique of the prefabrication of a radial forearm flap with cancellous bone. The aims were to establish these techniques into the clinical routine and to create a safe and reliable flap with low donor site morbidity.

Methods

In patients who had undergone ablative tumor surgery radiochemotherapy, and primary reconstruction, prefabricated bony radial forearm flaps (PBRFFs) were applied for secondary reconstruction of the mandible. Cylinders of cancellous bone taken from the iliac crest were implanted in the lower forearm to allow the necessary vascularization. After a healing period of 4 weeks, the PBRFF was elevated and grafted into the mandibular defect.

Results

All grafts healed uneventfully. However, 1 case required revision of the venous anastomosis after 2 days. The transplants improved the contour of the lower face enabling a good correction of the facial asymmetry. During the follow‐up of up to 4 years, the radiographic controls showed good bony consolidation between the graft and the stumps of the mandible as well as formation of cortical bone around the cancellous bone cylinders.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that the PBRFF is a safe and reliable graft which provides alternate solution in which other microvascular bone grafts have already failed. In the future, the iliac bone graft may be replaced with scaffold seeded with stem cells for further reduction of donor site morbidity. Head Neck, 2009
Transaxillary subfascial endoscopic approach for internal jugular phlebectasia in a child
Authors: Chang Yu‐Tang , Lee Jui‐Ying , Wang Jaw‐Yuan , Chiou Chi‐Shu
Published: July 2009

Background

Surgical intervention for internal jugular phlebectasia is occasionally necessary in cases of phlebitis, thrombus formation, rupture of the lesion, and some cosmetic deformity. However, the resultant neck scar can be of suboptimal cosmesis, with consequent psychological distress, particularly for children.

Methods

We described a 3‐port transaxillary endoscopic technique performed under the fascia of the pectoralis major for excision of the dilated right internal jugular vein in an 8‐year‐old girl.

Results

The preservation of the upper tributaries of the right internal jugular vein was helpful in draining the cerebral blood to the collaterals and in preventing postoperative craniofacial swelling immediately. Six months later, there were no signs of recurrence of other jugular veins, and the patient showed a correct hemodynamic compensation.

Conclusion

This technique offered an effective way to surgically manage internal jugular phlebectasia while avoiding the potential for poor cosmesis from any neck scar. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
PET/CT in the assessment of previously treated skull base malignancies
Authors: Harvey Richard J. , Pitzer Geoff , Nissman Daniel B. , Buchmann Luke , Rumboldt Zoran , Day Terry , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: July 2009

Background

Altered anatomy, radiotherapy, hardware, and reconstructive materials distort the posttreatment ventral skull base. The diagnostic characteristics of positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) studies in those with suspected recurrent malignancy were assessed.

Methods

A retrospective review was undertaken of patients with head and neck cancer who had PET/CT for ventral skull base disease.

Results

Thirty‐four PET/CTs were performed for suspected recurrent malignancy in the skull base (mean age, 59.6 ± 10.7 years; female 38%). The group comprised mainly minor salivary (35.3%), squamous (32.3%), and neuroectodermal (23.6%) tumors. Mean clinical follow‐up after PET/CT was 256 ± 173 days. Sensitivity was 100% but specificity was 40%. Standard uptake values (SUVs) for true positives were higher than for those without disease (p = .03).

Conclusions

PET/CT is a highly sensitive test for malignant disease. The mucosal lining of the reconstructed skull base is a common source for inflammatory pathologies that may lead to false‐positive PET/CT. Defining SUV thresholds for malignancy may improve specificity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Differentiated thyroid cancer associated with intestinal polyposis syndromes: A review
Authors: Harb William J. , Sturgis Erich M.
Published: July 2009

Intestinal polyposis syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Cowden's syndrome, are often associated with extraintestinal manifestations, and while many of these manifestations are benign, malignant extraintestinal manifestations, such as differentiated thyroid cancers, do occur. Although differentiated thyroid cancers (ie, papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas) are associated with multiple syndromes, they are most commonly associated with intestinal polyposis syndromes. In the general population, the probability of developing thyroid cancer by age 65 years is only .5%. However, 1% to 2% of patients with FAP develop papillary thyroid carcinoma, the most common extraintestinal malignancy in patients with FAP. Also, up to 10% of patients with Cowden's syndrome will develop follicular thyroid carcinoma. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of FAP, Cowden's syndrome, and Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome, to discuss in detail the associations between intestinal polyposis syndromes and differentiated thyroid cancers, and to provide suggestions for screening and managing these diseases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Adopting the operating microscope in thyroid surgery: Safety, efficiency, and ergonomics
Authors: Davidson Bruce J. , Guardiani Elizabeth , Wang Andrea
Published: July 2009

Background.

Our aim was to assess the safety and efficiency of operating microscope use by surgeons in thyroid surgery to reduce static neck flexion.

Methods.

A retrospective case review comparing thyroidectomies performed using an operating microscope to those using surgical loupes was done. Operative times and incidence of complications were compared between total thyroidectomy procedures done with either microscope or loupes.

Results.

The use of microscope in 51 thyroidectomies (including 20 for malignancy with central compartment node dissection [CND] and 9 for substernal goiter [SG]) was compared with 65 cases (15 with CND and 11 with SG) done previously using loupes. Surgical times using the microscope were longer (p = .0001), but the increase was significant only in the subset of patients who underwent thyroidectomy with CND. There was no difference in complications between the groups.

Conclusion.

The use of an operating microscope during thyroidectomy is safe with modest increases in surgical time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Salvage surgery after concomitant chemoradiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas—Stratification for postsalvage survival
Authors: Tan Hiang Khoon , Giger Roland , Auperin Anne , Bourhis Jean , Janot François , Temam Stephane
Published: July 2009

Background.

Salvage surgery after concomitant chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is challenging because of its associated morbidity/mortality and the poor prognoses of these patients.

Methods.

The outcome analysis of prospectively collected data from 93 patients with HNSCC with local and/or regional shows treatment failures but without distant metastasis after CCRT.

Results.

Thirty‐eight patients underwent salvage surgery, whereas 55 underwent palliative treatment, with 2‐year overall survival rates of 43.4% and 0%, respectively. Initial stage IV tumors (p = .017) and concurrent local and regional failures (p = .003) were independent predictors for decreased survival after salvage surgery. Two‐year overall survival rates for patients with 2, 1, or none of these predictive factors were 0%, 49%, and 83%, respectively (p = .0005).

Conclusion.

Salvage surgery after CCRT has acceptable outcomes. Initial stage IV tumors and concurrent local and regional failures were independent predictors that can stratify patients into distinct prognostic groups for postsalvage survival. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Late esophageal toxicity after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Chen Allen M. , Li Bao‐Qing , Jennelle Richard L. S. , Lau Derick H. , Yang Claus C. , Courquin Jean , Vijayakumar Srinivasan , Purdy James A.
Published: July 2009

Background.

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of esophageal toxicity after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.

Methods.

The records of 211 patients treated by radiation therapy for head and neck cancer were reviewed to identify those with dysphagia lasting more than 90 days after therapy. Late toxicity criteria established by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group were used to score the symptoms.

Results.

The incidence of grade 3+ esophageal toxicity at 3 and 6 months was 30% and 19%, respectively. The rate of gastrotomy‐tube dependence at 3 and 6 months was 20% and 11%, respectively. Hypopharyngeal and unknown primary site (p = .01, for both), T4 disease (p = .01), and the use of concurrent chemotherapy (p = .001) were associated with grade 3+ esophageal toxicity and stricture formation.

Conclusion.

A significant proportion of patients exhibit symptoms of esophageal toxicity after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Therefore, preventive strategies need further investigation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction of skull base defects
Authors: Smith Jesse E. , Ducic Yadranko , Adelson Robert T.
Published: July 2009

Background.

The temporalis muscle flap (TMF) is a valuable reconstructive technique utilized in a variety of challenging defects. However, its use for repair of skull base defects is less commonly reported.

Methods.

A retrospective chart review was conducted for 35 patients who underwent reconstruction of skull base defects between March 1999 and July 2006 at a tertiary referral hospital. Patients with skull base defects after trauma or extirpative surgery underwent reconstruction with a TMF. The measured outcomes were as follows: defect size/location, need for additional flaps, bone necrosis, hardware exposure, dehiscence, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and meningitis.

Results.

Forty‐two patients underwent reconstruction with a TMF, and 35/42 patient records were available for review. No flap failures, 1 transient CSF leak, 3 hardware exposures distant from the temporalis recipient site, and 3 hydroxyapatite cement infections or foreign body reaction were observed.

Conclusion.

The TMF represents a versatile reconstructive technique employed with minimal morbidity and a low complication rate to repair defects of the skull base. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Estimating environmental flow requirements downstream of the Chara Chara weir on the Blue Nile River
Authors: McCartney Matthew P. , Shiferaw Abeyu , Seleshi Yilma
Published: July 2009

Over the last decade, flow in the Abay River (i.e. the Blue Nile) has been modified by operation of the Chara Chara weir and diversions to the Tis Abay hydropower stations, located downstream. The most conspicuous impact of these human interventions is significantly reduced flows over the Tis Issat Falls. This paper presents the findings of a hydrological study conducted to estimate environmental flow requirements downstream of the weir. The Desktop Reserve Model (DRM) was used to determine both high and low flow requirements in the reach containing the Falls. The results indicate that to maintain the basic ecological functioning in this reach requires an average annual allocation of 862 Mm3 (i.e. equivalent to 22% of the mean annual flow). Under natural conditions there was a considerable seasonal variation, but the absolute minimum mean monthly allocation, even in dry years, should not be less than approximately 10 Mm3 (i.e. 3·7 m3 s−1). These estimates make no allowance for maintaining the aesthetic quality of the Falls, which are popular with tourists. The study demonstrated that, in the absence of ecological information, hydrological indices can be used to provide a preliminary estimate of environmental flow requirements. However, to ensure proper management, much greater understanding of the relationships between flow and the ecological condition of the river ecosystem is needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal control algorithm and neural network for dynamic groundwater management
Authors: Chu Hone‐Jay , Chang Liang‐Cheng
Published: July 2009

Researchers have found that obtaining optimal solutions for groundwater resource‐planning problems, while simultaneously considering time‐varying pumping rates, is a challenging task. This study integrates an artificial neural network (ANN) and constrained differential dynamic programming (CDDP) as simulation‐optimization model, called ANN‐CDDP. Optimal solutions for a groundwater resource‐planning problem are determined while simultaneously considering time‐varying pumping rates. A trained ANN is used as the transition function to predict ground water table under variable pumping conditions. The results show that the ANN‐CDDP reduces computational time by as much as 94·5% when compared to the time required by the conventional model. The proposed optimization model saves a considerable amount of computational time for solving large‐scale problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upregulation of caveolin‐1 and CD147 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma enhanced tumor cell migration and correlated with poor prognosis of the patients
Authors: Du Zi‐Ming , Hu Chun‐Fang , Shao Qiong , Huang Ma‐Yan , Kou Chang‐Wei , Zhu Xiao‐Feng , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Shao Jian‐Yong
Published: July 2009

Expression of caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN/CD147) and their prognostic significance were analyzed in archive NPC samples. Cav‐1 and CD147 were overexpressed in 49.48% (96/194) and 59.39% (117/197) of NPC, respectively. Both Cav‐1 and CD147 expression levels correlated significantly with metastasis (p = 0.025 and 0.017, respectively) and a lower 5‐year survival rate (p = 0.02 and 0.0009, respectively). In addition, Cav‐1 expression levels correlated significantly with local recurrence (p = 0.038). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that combination of high Cav‐1 and CD147 expression was a significant, independent prognosis predictor in patients with NPC (HR = 2.135; p = 0.006). Functional studies revealed that overexpression of Cav‐1 promoted secretion of MMP‐3 and MMP‐11 (active) proteins, as well as an increase in the migratory ability of CNE1 and CNE2 cells, while siRNA‐mediated silencing of Cav‐1 or CD147 led to reduced levels of MMP‐3 and MMP‐11(active) secretion, and reduced migration capacity of CNE1 and CNE2 cells. We observed a positive correlation between Cav‐1 and CD147 expression in NPC (ρ = 0.330, p = 0.000), CD147 protein levels were upregulated in Cav‐1 overexpressing CNE1 and CNE2 cells, whereas siRNA‐mediated silencing of Cav‐1 led to the downregulation of CD147 expression. Our results indicate that Cav‐1 and CD147 overexpression predict poor NPC prognosis and enhanced tumor cell migration, which is associated with MMP‐3 and MMP‐11 (active) secretion. © 2009 UICC
A network model of systemic risk: stress testing the banking system1
Authors: Canedo Javier Márquez Diez , Jaramillo Serafín Martínez
Published: July 2009

Although there are many definitions of systemic risk, most agree that it manifests itself by an initial shock that results in the failure of one or more banks and then spreads out to the entire system by a contagion mechanism which can result in the failure of more banks in the system. Assuming that bank failures in the initial shock are randomly dependent on the failure probabilities of the individual banks and that the ensuing contagion process is deterministic, depending on interbank exposures, in this paper we propose a network model to analyse systemic risk in the banking system that, in contrast to other proposed models, seeks to obtain the probability distribution of losses for the financial system resulting from the shock/contagion process.

Thus, calculating the probabilities of joint failures by simulation and assuming that the matrix of bilateral interbank exposures is known, we represent systemic risk in the financial system by means of a graph and use discrete modelling techniques to characterize the dynamics of contagion and corresponding losses within the network. The probability distribution of losses, risk profile for the Mexican banking system, is obtained through an efficient, complete enumeration procedure of all possible bank default events in the system. This, in turn, allows the use of the wide variety of well‐established risk measures to describe the fragility of the financial system. Additionally, the model allows us to perform stress tests along both the bank default probabilities and the interbank exposures and is used to assess the risk of the Mexican banking system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Financial contagion: evolutionary optimization of a multinational agent‐based model
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Serguieva Antoaneta , Wu Hao
Published: July 2009

Over the past two decades, financial market crises with similar features have occurred in different regions of the world. Unstable cross‐market linkages during a crisis are referred to as financial contagion. We simulate crisis transmission in the context of a model of market participants adopting various strategies; this allows testing for financial contagion under alternative scenarios. Using a minority game approach, we develop an agent‐based multinational model and investigate the reasons for contagion. Although the phenomenon has been extensively investigated in the financial literature, it has not been studied through computational intelligence techniques. Our simulations shed light on parameter values and characteristics which can be exploited to detect contagion at an earlier stage, hence recognizing financial crises with the potential to destabilize cross‐market linkages. In the real world, such information would be extremely valuable in developing appropriate risk management strategies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Return performance volatility and adaptation in an automated technical analysis approach to portfolio management
Authors: Ghandar Adam , Michalewicz Zbigniew , Zurbruegg Ralf
Published: July 2009

This paper discusses the design of a quantitative computational intelligence portfolio management system and evaluates the advantages of some adaptive mechanisms to enable the system to adjust its management approach as market conditions change. A detailed analysis of the performance of the system outside is also provided. It is found that an adaptive methodology where trading rules are able to adjust to market conditions performs better, having greater excess returns and lower volatility than a fixed rule approach. We consider several performance metrics, including portfolio alpha and information content. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic interaction networks in modelling and predicting the behaviour of multiple interactive stock markets
Authors: Widiputra Harya , Pears Russel , Serguieva Antoaneta , Kasabov Nikola
Published: July 2009

The behaviour of multiple stock markets can be described within the framework of complex dynamic systems. A representative technique of the framework is the dynamic interaction network (DIN), recently developed in the bioinformatics domain. DINs are capable of modelling dynamic interactions between genes and predicting their future expressions. In this paper, we adopt a DIN approach to extract and model interactions between stock markets. The network is further able to learn online and updates incrementally with the unfolding of the stock market time‐series. The approach is applied to a case study involving 10 market indexes in the Asia Pacific region. The results show that the DIN model reveals important and complex dynamic relationships between stock markets, demonstrating the ability of complex dynamic systems approaches to go beyond the scope of traditional statistical methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ectopic osteogenic ability of calcium phosphate scaffolds cultured with osteoblasts
Authors: Nan Kaihui , Sun Shumao , Li Yuli , Chen Hao , Wu Tao , Lu Fan
Published: July 2009

Bone substitute materials can induce bone formation when combined with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The aim of the current study was to examine in vivo ectopic bone formation with MSC on tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics. Osteoblasts isolated from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of New Zealand rabbits were cultured with TCP ceramics for 10 days, followed by implantation of the cultured TCP ceramics into the rabbit dorsum muscle. The cultured TCP and in vivo new bone formation with TCP biodegradation were evaluated histologically. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of the cultured TCP ceramics was filled by osteoblasts with a cell‐free zone in the central area. New bone was formed on the cultured TCP ceramics with signs of gradual degradation of TCP ceramics at 8 weeks of implantation, indicating that TCP could be a potential scaffold for seeding cells used for development of bioengineering tissues. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
Porcine gelatin microsphere/calcium phosphate cement composites: An in vitro degradation study
Authors: Habraken Wouter J. E. M. , Wolke Joop G. C. , Mikos Antonios G. , Jansen John A.
Published: July 2009

Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering preferably should be mechanically stable, osteoconductive, biodegradable and porous. To comply with these characteristics, calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) with porcine (type A) gelatin microspheres were formulated. In this experiment, in vitro degradation of 10 wt % gelatin type A microsphere CPCs (GELA CPCs) was followed for 12 weeks in proteolytic medium. Results showed a gradual decrease in mass, compression strength and E‐modulus. Morphology investigation showed that degradation of the spheres started at the surface of the composite and gradually proceeded to the inner part. Overall, porcine gelatin microspheres can be used to generate in situ macroporosity into an injectable CPC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2009
Experimental immediate loading of dental implants in conjunction with grafting procedures
Authors: Neugebauer Joerg , Iezzi Giovanna , Perrotti Vittoria , Fischer Juergen H. , Khoury Fouad , Piattelli Adriano , Zoeller Joachim E.
Published: July 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate immediate loading (IL) of dental implants in conjunction with grafting procedures. A total of 107 IL implants were inserted in six mini pigs. Before implant placement, crestal or apical defects were created, which were treated with bone chips, phycogene hydroxyapatite (HA), bovine HA, or bovine HA enhanced with a synthetic peptide. Crestal grafts were stabilized with titanium membranes. All bridges were in function and showed signs of chewing wear after 4‐month loading. Three out of 107 implants showed no osseointegration (2.7%). Most of the crestal defects showed incomplete regeneration, due to an infection of the membranes (74.3%) The difference in height between surgical and remaining defect was calculated as defect development, which was 2.3 ± 2.08 mm for bone chips with an area of regenerated bone of 22.8 ± 3.34% and 0.7 ± 2.22 mm for phycogene HA with 11.3 ± 4.36% regenerated bone. Bovine HA showed an increase of defects 1.3 ± 2.47 mm with only 7.9 ± 1.7% bone regeneration. Bovine HA enhanced with a peptide showed a defect development of 1.1 ± 1.42 mm with an area of regenerated bone of 18.2 ± 2.38%. In conclusion, local grafting procedures did not disturb the course of osseointegration for immediate loaded implants if primary stability was reached. The regeneration of apical defects was uneventful even with immediate loading. Crestal defects required membrane fixation with a careful flap elevation to avoid membrane exposure and loss of the graft. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
ATR‐FTIR as a thickness measurement technique for hydrated polymer‐on‐polymer coatings
Authors: Kane Sheryl R. , Ashby Paul D. , Pruitt Lisa A.
Published: July 2009

Hydrated polymer coatings on polymer substrates are common for many biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering constructs, contact lenses, and catheters. The thickness of the coatings can affect the mechanical behavior of the systems and the cellular response, but measuring the coating thickness can be quite challenging using conventional methods. We propose a new method, that is, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) to determine the relative thickness, combined with atomic force microscopy to calibrate the ATR‐FTIR measurements. This technique was successfully employed to determine the hydrated thickness of a series of crosslinked tetraglyme coatings on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene substrates intended to reduce wear of acetabular cups in total hip replacements. The hydrated coatings ranged from 30 to 200 nm thick and were accurately measured despite the relatively high root‐mean‐square (RMS) roughness of the substrates, 20–35 nm (peak‐to‐peak roughness 55–100 nm). The calibrated ATR‐FTIR technique is a promising new method for measuring the thickness of many other polymer‐on‐polymer and hydrated coatings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Evaluation of encapsulated Newcastle disease virus liposomes using various phospholipids administered to improve chicken humoral immunity
Authors: Tseng Li‐Ping , Chiou Chwei‐Jang , Deng Ming‐Chung , Lin Mei‐Hsiu , Pan Ryh‐Nan , Huang Yi‐You , Liu Der‐Zen
Published: July 2009

We propose the adjuvant effects of phospholipid liposome compositions using intranasal inoculation of a liposomal‐Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine in chickens. The immunogenicity of three liposome formulations was determined in chickens using the hemagglutination‐inhibition (HI) test, nasal secretory immunoglobulin A and serum immunoglobulin A (IgG) antibody titers using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The immune response against NDV antigens was determined after immunization with neutral charged liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) (60 μmol), cholesterol (Chol) (15 μmol), and EPC‐liposomes (EPC‐Lip), which elicited strong systemic (serum) and local (nasal) humoral responses. However, the intranasal administration with cationic charged liposomes composed of EPC (30 μmol), stearylamine (SA) (15 μmol), Chol (15 μmol), and SA‐liposomes (SA‐Lip) induced poor humoral immune responses. Only the vaccine formulated with anionic charged liposomes composed of EPC (30 μmol), dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (15 μmol), Chol (15 μmol), and phosphatidylserine‐liposomes (PS‐Lip) elicited the highest titers of HI antibodies. These are the first results to suggest that antigen delivery using EPC‐Lip is very useful in enhancing antibody production at the mucosal site and in serum. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
A comparison of experimental aneurysm occlusion determination by angiography, scanning electron microscopy, MICROFIL® perfusion, and histology
Authors: Cruise Gregory M. , Rivera Elias A. , Jones Russell M. , Vestal Maria , Virmani Renu , Ding Yong‐Hong , Kallmes David F.
Published: July 2009

In clinical practice, occlusion of embolized, intracerebral aneurysms is evaluated using angiography. Standard, two‐dimensional digital subtract angiography (DSA) is unable to quantify irregular aneurysm remnants, and even three‐dimensional rotational angiography cannot quantify the degree of occlusion. To better understand occlusion at the aneurysm neck, we compared angiographic results with MICROFIL® perfusion, histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results in 20 elastase‐induced saccular aneurysms in rabbits. Aneurysms were embolized with HydroCoil devices (n = 12) or platinum coils (n = 8). Aneurysm follow‐up occurred at 2 (n = 10) and 6 (n = 10) weeks. Aneurysm occlusion was evaluated using DSA, MICROFIL perfusion, histological ground sections, and SEM. Groups were compared statistically using ANOVA and χ2 tests. The MICROFIL perfusion results were not concordant with the angiographic results for the HydroCoil and platinum coil groups. Both increased and decreased occlusion was observed on the MICROFIL‐perfused aneurysms when compared with angiography. The histologic occlusion results of the HydroCoil group were concordant with the angiographic results; however, unoccluded areas not visible on angiography were routinely observed on the ground sections in the platinum coil group. SEM imaging of the aneurysm neck consistently showed decreased occlusion than angiographic results for both the HydroCoil and platinum coil groups. Although histology and MICROFIL‐perfusion analyses provided additional details of aneurysm occlusion when compared with angiography, complete visualization of the entire neck of the aneurysm and accurate assessment of aneurysm occlusion was possible only with SEM. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Nonlinear visco‐elastic finite element analysis of different porcelain veneers configuration
Authors: Sorrentino Roberto , Apicella Davide , Riccio Carlo , Gherlone Enrico , Zarone Fernando , Aversa Raffaella , Garcia‐Godoy Franklin , Ferrari Marco , Apicella Antonio
Published: July 2009

This study is aimed at evaluating the biomechanical behavior of feldspathic versus alumina porcelain veneers. A 3D numerical model of a maxillary central incisor, with the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone was generated. Such model was made up of four main volumes: dentin, enamel, cement layer and veneer. Incisors restored with alumina and feldspathic porcelain veneers were compared with a natural sound tooth (control). Enamel, cementum, cancellous and cortical bone were considered as isotropic elastic materials; on the contrary, the tubular structure of dentin was designed as elastic orthotropic. The nonlinear visco‐elatic behavior of the PDL was considered. The veneer volumes were coupled with alumina and feldspathic porcelain mechanical properties. The adhesive layers were modeled in the FE environment using spring elements. A 50N load applied at 60° angle with tooth longitudinal axis was applied and validated. Compressive stresses were concentrated on the external surface of the buccal side of the veneer close to the incisal margin; such phenomenon was more evident in the presence of alumina. Tensile stresses were negligible when compared to compressive ones. Alumina and feldspathic ceramic were characterized by a different biomechanical behavior in terms of elastic deformations and stress distributions. The ultimate strength of both materials was not overcome in the performed analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Mold fabrication and biological assessment of porous DNA–chitosan complexes
Authors: Fukushima Tadao , Ohno Jun , Hayakawa Tohru , Kawaguchi Minoru , Inoue Yusuke , Takeda Shoji , Toyoda Mika , Okahata Yoshio
Published: July 2009

A previous study revealed that DNA–chitosan complex prepared from the reaction between native DNA and chitosan in aqueous solution has suitable porosity for cell seeding, is nontoxic, and causes only a mild soft‐tissue response. This simple and easy fabrication method for porous DNA–chitosan complex provides for a wide variety of applications as a scaffold material. The present study evaluated whether rinsing with PBS solution can fabricate DNA–chitosan complex in a mold and the histopathological responses of rat soft tissues to fabricated DNA–chitosan complexes. DNA–chitosan complex paste was prepared by mixing distilled water and freeze‐dried water‐rinsed DNA–chitosan complex powder. A DNA–chitosan complex disk could be fabricated by rinsing with PBS buffer and subsequently freeze‐drying the DNA–chitosan complex paste in the mold. Thus, a wide range of applications of DNA–chitosan complex for tissue engineering can be anticipated using the present easy fabrication method. The porosity of the disk was 85%, and many pores were visible in the DNA–chitosan complex (before fabrication) and in the fabricated DNA–chitosan disk. The values of the complex disks gradually reduced in the tissues although 60% of disks remained in the tissues. In conclusion, an easy fabrication method for making porous DNA–chitosan complex disks was developed. It was found that the fabrication method can delay the biodegradation of the DNA–chitosan complex disk without serious tissue responses in vivo. DNA–chitosan complex is promising as a scaffold material, and a wide range of applications of DNA–chitosan complex for tissue engineering are anticipated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Preparation of a completely autologous trileaflet valve‐shaped construct by in‐body tissue architecture technology
Authors: Nakayama Yasuhide , Yamanami Masashi , Yahata Yuki , Tajikawa Tsutomu , Ohba Kenkichi , Watanabe Taiji , Kanda Keiichi , Yaku Hitoshi
Published: July 2009

The aim of this study was to prepare completely autologous heart‐valve‐shaped constructs without using any artificial scaffold materials by in‐body tissue architecture technology, which is a practical concept of regenerative medicine based on the biological defense mechanism against foreign bodies. Silicone rods were used as molds to achieve the tubular shape of the arteries, which were implanted in the subcutaneous spaces of rabbits. After 2 weeks of primary in‐body tissue incubation, the silicone rods were completely encapsulated within a thin membranous connective tissue mainly consisting of collagen and having a thickness of ∼100 μm. To achieve the trileaflet shape of the valve, the cylindrical tissues obtained were rolled up with polyurethane belts cut in the shape of three semi‐ovals. The assembled tissues were reimplanted for 2 weeks for secondary incubation. The resulting tissues were over‐encapsulated with the newly developed membranous connective tissue having a thickness of ∼200–400 μm. The newly formed membranes were completely fused to the previously developed inner membrane. After the removal of the two artificial materials, tubular constructs with trileaflet‐shaped internal surface were obtained. By controlling the formation of the encapsulating tissue in the two‐step in‐body tissue incubation process, we were able to develop completely autologous trileaflet valve‐shaped constructs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
High molecular weight blood group A trisaccharide‐polyacrylamide glycoconjugates as synthetic blood group A antigens for anti‐A antibody removal devices
Authors: Alikhani Azadeh , Korchagina Elena Y. , Chinarev Alexander A. , Bovin Nicolai V. , Federspiel William J.
Published: July 2009

Specific immunoadsorption of blood group antibodies by synthetic antigens immobilized on support matrices in the peri‐transplantation period provides a promising solution to hyperacute rejection risk following ABO‐incompatible transplantation. In this study, we investigated binding interactions between anti‐A antibodies and synthetic blood group A trisaccharide conjugated with polyacrylamide of different molecular weights (30 and 1000 kDa). The glycopolymers were equipped with biotin tags and deposited on streptavidin‐coated sensor chips. The affinity and kinetics of anti‐A antibodies binding to glycoconjugates were studied using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The high molecular weight conjugate (Atri‐PAA1000‐biotin) enhanced antibody binding capacity by two to three fold compared with the low molecular weight conjugate (Atri‐PAA30‐biotin), whereas varying the carbohydrate content in Atri‐PAA1000‐biotin (20 mol % or 50 mol %) did not affect antibody binding capacity of the glycoconjugate. The obtained results suggest that immunoadsorption devices, especially hollow fiber‐based antibody filters which are limited in available surface area for antigen immobilization, may greatly benefit from the new synthetic high molecular weight polyacrylamide glycoconjugates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
PC controls for troubled times
Authors: Reider Rob
Published: July 2009

Many businesses of all sizes use personal computers (PCs) to process financial and accounting transactions and prepare financial statements. But many PC software packages are “user friendly” and allow the user to have only limited knowledge of control procedures. In addition, the severe economic downturn is causing downsizing and layoffs—and many disgruntled employees are tempted to steal data and sabotage PCs. Finally, as companies struggle to survive, they implement cost‐cutting measures, lowering the level of computer security even more.

So what control measures should you put in place now? What steps are needed? The author supplies some detailed plans you can use immediately to reduce your risks. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surviving IT budget cuts with TERPS
Authors: Wright Harry R. , Mooney J. Lowell , Rogers Camille F.
Published: July 2009

The global economic downturn has forced many companies to reevaluate how they do business, in an aggressive effort to cut costs. Budget cuts are reaching 5 to 10 percent or more—and no part of a company is left untouched. But how can companies slash information technology costs and still maintain the same level of production? Here's one interesting strategy: use trained enterprise resource planning students, or TERPS. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New IT risk framework
Authors: Harrast Steven , Weirich Thomas R.
Published: July 2009

The nonprofit, independent Information Technology Governance Institute (ITGI) recently issued an exposure draft of its new Risk IT Framework. The new framework is reported to be the missing link between enterprise resource management and IT risk management and control. But the greatest challenge posed by the new framework may be to identify all that can go wrong. The authors give us a useful overview of the new guidelines. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Auditing IT projects
Authors: Bi Lily
Published: July 2009

No matter what industry your company is in, information technology (IT) is critical if you want to maintain a competitive edge, manage risks, and achieve business objectives. One way to ensure IT success is to tap the valuable in‐house expertise of your firm's internal auditors. But what is the best way to audit IT? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.