bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelo de veracidad de encuesta basada en una aplicación Android para zonas urbanas y rurales
Authors: Luque Fernández Álvaro Oswaldo , Fernández Vizcarra Luis Alfredo
Published: November 2020

Las empresas consultoras que se dedican a la investigación de mercado y la elaboración de proyectos públicos y privados, vienen enfrentándose al tiempo excesivo que incurren en el trabajo de campo, lo cual trae como consecuencia la pérdida de clientes y bajo compromiso de los servicios que se ofrecen. Durante la toma de datos, se encuentra un error no muestral, que proviene del entrevistado, donde no es lo suficientemente objetivo y sincero con el diligenciamiento de la encuesta. Para este estudio se considera los patrones de veracidad para admitir una encuesta que puede provenir de: cuestionarios, escalas o inventarios. El objetivo de este estudio, fue desarrollar una aplicación android que permita elaborar un modelo de veracidad de encuestas en zonas urbanas y rurales. Bajo este contexto, la investigación muestra una solución basada en un modelo de veracidad de encuestas, que se basa en una aplicación android y que puede ser utilizada en cualquier distrito, también permite generar supervisiones al personal (encuestadores) que realizan trabajo de campo y finalmente realizar el seguimiento de las cuotas bajo parámetros poblacionales. La presente investigación, de acuerdo a las características del problema es de tipo aplicada de nivel relacional y diseño experimental, la población objeto de estudio se concentró en los CPM de Ancocala y Calacala del distrito de Cairani de la provincia de Candarave, en una muestra constituida por 96 hogares, siendo el informante el jefe de hogar, por lo tanto, la muestra es no probabilística y por conveniencia, dado que solamente servirá para comprobar el grado de veracidad de la encuesta. Se logró aplicar patrones programables en una aplicación android para generar un modelo de veracidad de encuestas (87.50% de veracidad y 12.50% de mentiras en las encuestas aplicadas). Se concluye que el método tradicional no lograba detectar la sinceridad en cuanto al diligenciamiento de las encuestas basadas en los niveles socioeconómicos.
Factores asociados a la ineficacia de la Ley 30364, ley para prevenir, sancionar y erradicar la violencia contra las mujeres y los integrantes del grupo familiar, en una provincia peruana.
Authors: Paco Ale Alex Efraín , Gálvez Marquina Mario César
Published: November 2020

La investigación buscó establecer si la falta de un equipo multidisciplinario y la falta de colaboración de la víctima estarían asociadas a la ineficacia de la Ley 30364 en la provincia de Jaén. Se analizaron 618 expedientes y se utilizó la técnica de análisis documental. La investigación fue no experimental de diseño transversal de tipo correlacional, de nivel relacional y de tipo básico. Se pudo establecer que al 18,1% de las víctimas se les realizaron oportunamente el peritaje médico legal y que al 17% se les practicó el peritaje psicológico de manera oportuna. Así mismo, se pudo establecer que los informe elevados con los documentos necesarios para brindar las medidas de protección provisionales solo son el 26.4% de los informes estaban completos. Así mismo, se estableció que el 61.7% de los informes se remitieron de la PNP al Juzgado de familia antes de las 24 horas y que el 4.5% de las víctimas recibieron medidas de protección antes de las 72 horas. Finalmente, se pudo establecer que la falta de un equipo multidisciplinario y la falta de colaboración de la víctima estaría asociado a la no remisión de los informes de la PNP al Juzgado antes de las 24 horas (p=0,000); a no completar los informes remitidos de la PNP al Juzgado (p=0,000); y a la no emisión de medidas de protección antes de las 72 horas (p=0,000).
Fundamentos de las sentencias casatorias sobre tercería de propiedad y sus implicancias frente a las pretensiones de la parte demandante.
Authors: Salas Ponce Lincoln , Pajuelo Beltrán Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2020

El problema radica en que muchas veces el tercerista no obtiene una sentencia favorable a sus pretensiones, e incluso en sede casatoria pocas veces se le reconoce su derecho. A pesar que el tercerista acredita con documento público o privado la propiedad del bien, otras circunstancias jurídicas procesales impiden que su derecho sea reconocido judicialmente. Precisamente, son las sentencias casatorias quienes nos proporcionan los fundamentos principales por el cual, el tercerista muchas veces no logra su pretensión. Se presenta el caso, de las sentencias casatorias correspondientes a procesos de tercerías de los años 2015-2016 nos han permitido conocer a cabalidad los fundamentos que inciden directamente en el fallo de la sentencia; asimismo, se puede conocer los aspectos principales que se dan en el debate judicial por la prevalencia del derecho real (propiedad) sobre el derecho personal (crédito) a pesar de que este último pueda estar debidamente inscrito. Investigación descriptiva, correlacional y explicativo. La investigación se ha desarrollado en una población de abogados civilistas de la jurisdicción de Tacna. Asimismo, se ha tenido en cuenta el análisis documental representado por las sentencias casatorias. Los instrumentos de medición han sido los cuestionarios y la guía de análisis documental. Se concluye que los principales fundamentos de las sentencias casatorias analizados sobre tercería de propiedad están referidos a la inscripción registral, la prevalencia del derecho real de la propiedad sobre el derecho personal y requisitos de procedibilidad del recurso de casación, denotando un favorecimiento regular a los demandantes.
Reconocimiento de los ingresos diferidos y su influencia en la información económica financiera de una distribuidora en la ciudad de Tacna
Authors: Pacheco Fernández Juana Carolina , Aranibar Ocola Juan Guillermo
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación analiza como los ingresos diferidos influencian en la información económica financiera de la Distribuidora Malibú SAC de la ciudad de Tacna, periodo 2014 – 2017. Se observó que, de la totalidad de ventas realizadas, solamente han entregado el 27,45% y quedan pendientes de entrega el 72,55% generando el problema del reconocimiento de ingresos diferidos. En la información económica financiera la mayor utilidad fue en el periodo 2015 siendo S/ 21 227,56. El margen operacional en el periodo 2014 tuvo resultado negativo, mientras que en el 2015 fue S/ 31 091,72, siendo de S/ 687,42 en el 2016 y de S/ 18 896,84 en 2017. Los márgenes brutos no mantienen una línea ascendente debido a la diferencia entre ingresos declarados y contabilizados
Lesiones ateromatosas en arterias cardiovasculares y cerebrales en población adolescente y adulto joven (post mortem)
Authors: Arias Santana Victor , Cáceres Cáceres Pamela , Mena Ordoñez Sissy
Published: November 2020

Establecer una base del estado actual de daño en arterias mediante clasificación patológica en muestras post mortem.

Objetivo: Observar y comparar los cambios estructurales en las arterias aorta, cardiovascular carótida, y coronaria y cerebrales basilar posteriores, en cadáveres de personas de 15 a 35 años.

Método: Estudio observacional y analítico, prospectivo de corte transversal en el campo de la salud pública. Se trabajó con 24 cadáveres según criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se clasificó el daño arterial según se el sistema de la American Heart Association.

Resultados: En aorta, las lesiones fueron de tipo I (45.8%), 8.3% tuvo una lesión tipo II, III, IV, respectivamente. En el de 15 a 19 años, el 60% presentaba lesiones tipo I. En carótida, el 62.5% tuvo una lesión de tipo I y un 12.5% lesión tipo II. El 100% del grupo de 15 a 19 años tenía una lesión tipo I en carótida. En arteria coronaria, un 75% tuvo lesiones tipo I, un 12.5% con lesiones tipo II. En el grupo de 15 a 19 años ninguna muestra coronaria era sana. En arteria basilar, el 33.3% tuvo lesiones tipo I, siendo más frecuente en el grupo de 20 a 29 años (44.4%). En general, las lesiones tipo I se observó más en coronaria (72%), las de tipo II coronaria y carótida (12%), tipo III en aorta (8%) y tipo IV en aorta (8%).

Conclusión: Los daños estructurales en arterias empiezan en edades tempranas y se diferencian según localización arterial.
Normativity in English oral production in Finland and Japan
Authors: Paakki Henna
Published: November 2020

This research examines the effects of normativity on difficulties experienced with English oral production in Finland and Japan. Moyer’s classification of factors influencing second language acquisition (2004) as well as language ideology theory (Garrett, 2010; Milroy, 2007) are used as a framework for an analysis of 56 semi structured interviews with Finnish and Japanese adult learners of intermediate level English. Self-reported experiences related to speaking English were annotated with appropriate codes and analyzed using content analysis. The results show that normativity related to the English language explains many of the difficulties learners experience with speaking English, and that this normativity is essentially connected to social factors as well as instruction and input factors in language learning.
Eksistensi Pesantren Dalam Sistem Pendidikan Nasional
Authors: Rasyid Muhammad Rusdi
Published: November 2020

Islamic Boarding School as an institution of Islamic education in Indonesia has become a part of nation journey. In historical aspect, boarding school takes part from struggle history and boarding school has been taking part in nation culture. In education system, boarding school as an institution of Islamic education became sub-system from national education system. But, in a long history, boarding school has not shown their existence which can give shape to expectation for all people. This case may be caused by some factors, namely history, culture of national education system that causes Islamic boarding school left behind. As we know that in 1999 as a popular year to appear desentralisation and it becomes urgent moment to change culture system and education system, including Islamic boarding school.
Administração Pública digital e a problemática da desigualdade no acesso à tecnologia
Authors: André Carvalho Schiefler Eduardo , Sérgio da Silva Cristóvam José , Pereira de Sousa Thanderson
Published: November 2020

As transformações tecnológicas ocorridas desde o final do século XX redimensionaram as esferas econômica, social e política, interligando-as de forma intensa, continuamente, e transformando as relações estabelecidas na sociedade em rede. Da mesma forma, a Administração Pública passa a estar num contexto digital e é impelida a reestruturar e repensar seu relacionamento com os cidadãos. Nesse sentido, o estudo tem por objetivo analisar a Administração Pública do século XXI – mais digitalizada. Aborda problemática em torno da atualização da Administração, no paradigma do Direito Administrativo contemporâneo, seus processos e o desafio que a desigualdade digital representa para a democracia. Metodologicamente adota-se abordagem dedutiva, apoiada nas técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que as novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação influenciaram no processo de digitalização da Administração Pública, sobretudo com a necessidade e adoção de processos administrativos eletrônicos e serviços públicos digitais. Em que pese a contribuição positiva das tecnologias e a revolução na gestão pública, é relevante destacar que este fenômeno não deve constituir obstáculo para a democracia, particularmente considerando grupos excluídos digitalmente. É necessário reflexão e elaboração de políticas públicas de inclusão digital para maximização democrática e não simbolização do modelo de Administração Pública digital.
Mulheres escravas e forras na mineração no Brasil, século XVIII
Authors: Ferreira Furtado Junia
Published: November 2020

Esse artigo discute a presença das mulheres escravas na mineração aurífera e diamantífera, na capitania de Minas Gerais, Brasil, durante o período colonial, entre a década de 1680, quando se dá a descoberta de ouro na região, e 1822, ano da independência do Brasil. Para tanto, utiliza documentação manuscrita e iconográfica dos séculos XVIII e XIX. Mulheres africanas escravas de todas as procedências que chegavam às Minas se envolveram na exploração de ouro e diamantes, sendo que, nos primeiros tempos, destacaram-se, entre elas, as oriundas da região da Costa da Mina, conhecidas como escravas “mina”, já acostumadas à mineração na África. Cativas foram essenciais em várias etapas do processo de exploração mineral: estiveram presentes e foram importantes para o reconhecimento dos locais mais propícios ao aparecimento do ouro, para o domínio das técnicas de exploração da aluvião no leito dos rios, e para o emprego das ferramentas apropriadas, sendo corresponsáveis pela transmigração da tecnologia africana de mineração que foi fartamente empregada na exploração mineral. Muitas mulheres forras continuaram a se envolver na mineração, algumas chegando a reunir algum pecúlio.
Pengelolaan Administrasi BPHTB dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) di Kota Palembang Tahun 2018
Authors: Yuliana Yuliana , Yuslainiwati Yuslainiwati , Mahmud Amir
Published: November 2020

Pajak Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah dan Bangunan (BPHTB) merupakan pajak perolehan hak atas tanah dan bangunan yang ditetapkan menjadi pajak daerah sejak Januari 2011. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan administrasi Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah dan Bangunan oleh Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Kota Palembang tahun 2018 dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang menjadi penghambat dalam pemungutan pajak Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah dan Bangunan di Palembang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber Data yang diperoleh dari data primer melalui wawancara dan observasi, data sekunder melalui arsip, laporan, buku dan sumber lainnya yang berkaitan dengan pemungutan pajak BPHTB. Setelah data-data tersebut didapat kemudian data tersebut ditampilkan dan diberi interpretasi serta dianalisis secara mendalam sesuai dengan aspek-aspek yang terdapat dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini melibatkan satu instansi di lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Palembang yaitu Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Kota Palembang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut saran yang dapat diberikan  antara lain mengadakan pelatihan bagi petugas pemungut pajak, bagi pihak DISPENDA sebaiknya memberikan sosialisasi dan informasi kepada masyarakat, terutama tentang pajak BPHTB, karena pajak BPHTB merupakan pajak baru untuk daerah yang sebelumnya merupakan pajak pusat, merubah sistem yang digunakan yakni sistem manual menjadi sistem komputerisasi, bagi wajib pajak BPHTB diharapkan lebih transparan dan lebih jujur dalam memberi data pajak dan bagi wajib pajak yang melanggar agar dapat dikenakan sanksi yang tegas.
La Révolution de 1917 dans les manuels d’histoire du secondaire en Russie : rejeter le passé, renouer avec le passé
Authors: Konkka Olga
Published: November 2020

L’article s’interroge sur la nature et les causes des révisions du récit de la Révolution de 1917 dans les manuels d’histoire de la Russie postsoviétique. La première partie passe en revue les changements apportés depuis la fin de l’époque soviétique. Entièrement réécrit au lendemain de la chute de l’URSS, le récit de 1917 s’est transformé en une série d’erreurs tragiques dans certains manuels d’histoire postsoviétiques. Cependant, ce récit a connu une nouvelle révision dans les années 2000 et 2010. Celle-ci vise à justifier et à célébrer l’évènement que les textes appellent aujourd’hui « la Grande révolution russe ».La seconde partie examine les acteurs et les processus qui se cachent derrière ce nouveau changement. Après un aperçu des facteurs politiques et administratifs qui ont entraîné une évolution du contenu des manuels d’histoire, nous nous intéressons à la sociologie des auteurs des manuels. L’analyse de leurs parcours permet de démontrer que loin d’être de simples exécutants des injonctions formulées par les décideurs, ils ont joué un rôle important dans la réécriture du récit du XXe siècle.
L’Union soviétique et la guerre civile grecque : 1944-1949
Authors: Papadatos Nikos
Published: November 2020

La guerre civile grecque eut un intérêt international indéniable : la diplomatie britannique de « divide et impera » fut contrebalancée par la politique extérieure réaliste de l’Union soviétique. L’URSS utilisa cette bataille périphérique comme un moyen de pression afin de consolider ses acquis territoriaux à l’Est et dans les Balkans. En même temps, la politique des communistes grecs oscillait entre le national et l’universel en se calquant sur la stratégie extérieure de l’Union soviétique. La guerre civile grecque aida considérablement les Soviétiques à changer le rapport des forces dans les relations interétatiques, et, en même temps, confirma la création d’un monde bipolaire.
Characterization of a non-thermal plasma source for use as a mass specrometric calibration tool and non-radioactive aerosol charger
Authors: Tauber Christian , Schmoll David , Gruenwald Johannes , Brilke Sophia , Wlasits Peter Josef , Winkler Paul Martin , Wimmer Daniela
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In this study the charging efficiency of a radioactive and a non-radioactive plasma bipolar diffusion charger (Gilbert Mark I plasma charger) for sub-12 nm particles has been investigated at various aerosol flow rates. The results were compared to classic theoretical approaches. In addition, the chemical composition and electrical mobilities of the charger ions have been examined using an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (APi-TOF MS). A comparison of the different neutralization methods revealed an increased charging efficiency for negatively charged particles using the non-radioactive plasma charger with nitrogen as the working gas compared to a radioactive americium bipolar diffusion charger. The mobility and mass spectrometric measurements show that the generated bipolar diffusion charger ions are of the same mobilities and composition independent of the examined bipolar diffusion charger. It was the first time that the Gilbert Mark I plasma charger was characterized in comparison to a commercial TSI X-Ray (TSI Inc, Model 3088) and a radioactive americium bipolar diffusion charger. We observed that the plasma charger with nitrogen as the working gas can enhance the charging probability for sub-10 nm particles compared to a radioactive americium bipolar diffusion charger. As a result, the widely used classical charging theory disagrees for the plasma charger and for the radioactive chargers with increased aerosol flow rates. Consequently, in-depth measurements of the charging distribution are necessary for accurate measurements with differential or scanning particle sizers for laboratory and field applications.
Quantifying the Importance of Antecedent Fuel-Related Vegetation
Properties for Burnt Area using Random Forests
Authors: Kuhn-Régnier Alexander , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Nowack Peer , Forkel Matthias , Prentice I. Colin , Harrison Sandy P.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The seasonal and longer-term dynamics of fuel accumulation affect fire seasonality and the occurrence of extreme wildfires. Failure to account for their influence may help to explain why state-of-the-art fire models do not simulate the length and timing of the fire season or interannual variability in burnt area well. We investigated the impact of accounting for different timescales of fuel production and accumulation on burnt area using a suite of random forest regression models that included the immediate impact of climate, vegetation, and human influences in a given month, and tested the impact of various combinations of antecedent conditions in four productivity-related vegetation indices and in antecedent moisture conditions. Analyses were conducted for the period from 2010 to 2015 inclusive. We showed that the inclusion of antecedent vegetation conditions on timescales > 1 yr had no impact on burnt area, but inclusion of antecedent vegetation conditions representing fuel build-up led to an improvement of the global, climatological out-of-sample R2 from 0.567 to 0.686. The inclusion of antecedent moisture conditions also improved the simulation of burnt area through its influence on fuel build-up, which is additional to the influence of current moisture levels on fuel drying. The length of the period which needs to be considered to account for fuel build-up varies across biomes; fuel-limited regions are sensitive to antecedent conditions over longer time periods (~4 months) and moisture-limited regions are more sensitive to current conditions.
A 2600-year summer climate reconstruction in central Japan by integrating tree-ring stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes
Authors: Nakatsuka Takeshi , Sano Masaki , Li Zhen , Xu Chenxi , Tsushima Akane , Shigeoka Yuki , Sho Kenjiro , Ohnishi Keiko , Sakamoto Minoru , Ozaki Hiromasa , Higami Noboru , Nakao Nanae , Yokoyama Misao , Mitsutani Takumi
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) of tree-ring
cellulose are a novel proxy for summer hydroclimate in monsoonal Asia. In
central Japan, we collected 67 conifer wood samples, mainly Chamaecyparis obtusa, with ages
encompassing the past 2600 years. The samples were taken from living trees,
archeological wood, architectural wood, and buried logs. We analyzed stable
isotope ratios of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H)
in tree-ring cellulose in these samples (more than 15 000 rings in total)
without using a pooling method and constructed a statistically reliable
tree-ring cellulose δ18O time series for the past 2500 years.
However, there were distinct age trends and level offsets in the δ18O record, and cellulose δ18O values showed a gradual
decrease as an individual tree matures. This suggested it is difficult to
establish a cellulose δ18O chronology for low-frequency signals
by simple averaging of all the δ18O time series data. In
addition, there were opposite age trends in the cellulose δ2H,
and δ2H gradually increased with tree age. There were clear
positive correlations in the short-periodicity variations between δ18O and δ2H, probably indicating a common climate signal.
A comparison of the δ18O and δ2H time series in
individual trees with tree-ring width suggested that the opposite age trends
of δ18O and δ2H are caused by temporal changes in
the degree of post-photosynthetic isotope exchange with xylem water
(physiological effect), accompanied by changes in stem growth rate that are
influenced by human activity in the forests of central Japan. Based on the
assumptions that cellulose δ18O and δ2H vary
positively and negatively with constant proportional coefficients due to
climatological and physiological effects, respectively, we solved
simultaneous equations for the climatological and physiological components
of variations in tree-ring cellulose δ18O and δ2H
in order to remove the age trend. This enabled us to evaluate the climatic
record from cellulose δ18O variations. The extracted
climatological component in the cellulose δ18O for the past
2600 years in central Japan was well correlated with numerous instrumental,
historical, and paleoclimatological records of past summer climate at
various spatial and temporal scales. This indicates that integration of
tree-ring cellulose δ18O and δ2H data is a
promising method to reconstruct past summer climate variations on annual to
millennial timescales, irrespective of the growth environment. However,
analytical and statistical methods need to be improved for further
development of this climate proxy.
A long-term (2005–2019) eddy covariance data set of CO2 and H2O fluxes from the Tibetan alpine steppe
Authors: Nieberding Felix , Wille Christian , Fratini Gerardo , Asmussen Magnus O. , Wang Yuyang , Ma Yaoming , Sachs Torsten
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem covers an area of roughly 800 000 km2 and contains up to 3.3 % soil organic carbon in the uppermost 30 cm, summing up to 1.93 Pg C for the Tibet Autonomous Region only (472 037 km2). With temperatures rising 2 to 3 times faster than the global average, these carbon stocks are at risk of loss due to enhanced soil respiration. The remote location and the harsh environmental conditions on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) make it challenging to derive accurate data on the ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). Here, we provide the first multiyear data set of CO2 and H2O fluxes from the central Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem, measured in situ using the eddy covariance technique. The calculated fluxes were rigorously quality checked and carefully corrected for a drift in concentration measurements. The gas analyzer self-heating effect during cold conditions was evaluated using the standard correction procedure and newly revised formulations (Burba et al., 2008; Frank and Massman, 2020). A wind field analysis was conducted to identify influences of adjacent buildings on the turbulence regime and to exclude the disturbed fluxes from subsequent computations. The presented CO2 fluxes were additionally gap filled using a standardized approach. The very low net carbon uptake across the 15-year data set highlights the special vulnerability of the Tibetan alpine steppe ecosystem to become a source of CO2 due to global warming. The data are freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733202 (Nieberding et al., 2020a) and https://doi.org/10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.270333 (Nieberding et al., 2020b) and may help us to better understand the role of the Tibetan alpine steppe in the global carbon–climate feedback.
21st century fate of the Mocho-Choshuenco ice cap in southern Chile
Authors: Scheiter Matthias , Schaefer Marius , Flández Eduardo , Bozkurt Deniz , Greve Ralf
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Glaciers and ice caps are thinning and retreating along the entire Andes ridge, and drivers of this mass loss vary between the different climate zones. The southern part of the Andes (Wet Andes) has the highest abundance of glaciers in number and size, and a proper understanding of ice dynamics is important to assess their evolution. In this contribution, we apply the ice sheet model SICOPOLIS to the Mocho-Choshuenco ice cap in the Chilean Lake District (40° S, 72° W, Wet Andes) to reproduce its current state and to project its evolution until the end of the 21st century under different global warming scenarios. First, we create a model spin-up using surface mass balance data observed on the south-eastern catchment, extrapolating them to the whole ice cap using an exposition-dependent parameterization. This spin-up is able to reproduce the most important present-day glacier features. Based on the spin-up, we then run the model 80 years into the future, forced by projected surface temperature anomalies from different global circulation models under different radiative pathway scenarios to obtain estimates of the ice cap's state by the end of the 21st century. The mean projected ice volume losses are 25 ± 19 % (RCP2.6), 64 ± 14 % (RCP4.5) and 94 ± 3 % (RCP8.5) with respect to the ice volume estimated by radio-echo sounding data from 2013. We estimate the uncertainty of our projections based on the spread of the results when forcing with different global climate models and on the uncertainty associated with the variation of the equilibrium line altitude with temperature change. Considering our results, we project an considerable deglaciation of the Chilean Lake District by the end of the 21st century.
Impact of land use on bicycle usage: A big data-based spatial approach to inform transport planning
Authors: Zhao Yi , Lin Qiaowen , Ke Shangan , YuYunnan Yanghang
Published: November 2020

Bicycling is an alternative of urban transport mode, which is significantly influenced by land use. This paper makes an effort to quantify the magnitude and direction of the impact. We first develop a theoretical framework to establish links between land use and bicycle usage. Then, trip data is crawled from Mobike, one of the largest newly emerging, free-floating bike sharing operators in Shenzhen (China), for a total of more than 7.8 million records over 191 consecutive days. And bicycling frequency, travel duration, and riding distance are obtained to be proxies of bicycle usage. Land-use characteristics regarding bicycling are comprehensively indicated by a set of standardized variables including three dimensions, land-use type, land-use mix, land-use connections, and 12 concrete indices. Panel spatial model is applied to quantify the associations at the district level with socioeconomics controlled. Results show that the percentage of green land has a remarkable impact on bicycle usage outcomes and land-use mix is positively associated with bicycling frequency. Density of intersections contributes to longer trip duration. Bicycle lane is a positive facilitator on workdays, while the number of stations is positively related to bicycle usage, especially frequency and distance. These findings provide insight into land use-transport interaction and could be of value to policymakers, planers and practitioners for transport planning while incorporating bicycling-friendly principles.
Movement(s) in Elizabeth Helen Callender Melville’s travel letters from Sierra Leone
Authors: Palma Hélène
Published: November 2020

Bought by British activists of the abolitionist cause in the late 18th century to shelter Black survivors of the slave trade, Sierra Leone as a territory was marked by the political movement of abolitionism, and by the import of colonial settlers, including Melville. When Sierra Leone became a British colony, it was populated by freed slaves and poor Blacks from Britain. In the nineteenth century, settlers such as Melville and her husband had to discover the history of the place they were colonizing. The feeling of superiority subsided, they acclimated and eventually adopted a hybrid identity. Melville’s travel letters and diary reveal that she first appreciated the fauna and flora, then the local food, and confronted with slavery, she became aware of the European brand of savagery, far mor noxious than errant drumming and funny gaits or laziness. Melville also experienced prejudice upon returning home, when she felt and was made to feel like an African, rather than a British or Scottish subject.
UNIVERSIDADES ESTADUAIS BRASILEIRAS: FINANCIAMENTO, DESIGUALDADES REGIONAIS E O PNE (2014-2024)
Authors: Carvalho Renata Ramos da Silva , Amaral Nelson Cardoso
Published: November 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo realizar a análise sobre o financiamento das universidades estaduais brasileiras (UEs) mediante os seguintes aspectos: 1) exame do financiamento dessas instituições a partir do conteúdo dos dispositivos legais; 2) análise da evolução das despesas das UEs do país, por estado, a evolução do gasto médio por aluno e, por fim, a relação do total dessas despesas como o percentual do PIB; 3) análise de  indicadores que retratam as desigualdades sociais e econômicas existentes entre as regiões do país. Constata-se que o volume de despesas das UEs apresentou redução no período de 2012 a 2016 e que os valores obtidos são marcados por consideráveis assimetrias quanto ao financiamento das UEs que podem comprometer e inviabilizar a contribuição das UEs no alcance das metas do Plano para a educação superior.
COMPETÊNCIAS GERAIS DA BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR (BNCC): ANÁLISE TEÓRICA E IDEOLÓGICA DA PROPOSIÇÃO SOCIOEMOCIONAL
Authors: Gonçalves Amanda Melchiotti , Deitos Roberto Antonio
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar teórica e ideologicamente as bases constituintes da proposição “socioemocional” por meio das dez Competências Gerais da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Para esta análise, utilizou-se o próprio documento: Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) de 2017. As Competências Gerais da BNCC articulam-se aos princípios da ordem globalizante, em que se propaga a preparação emocional como requisito da atual forma de sociabilidade do capital. Como consequência, as competências socioemocionais operam na forma de controle social e condicionam psíquica e ideologicamente os interesses de manutenção do status quo social.
Imaginar o feminino - pesquisa, problema e método para a extensão na filosofia
Authors: Bisol Benedetta , Rufinoni Priscila , Mendes Gigliola , Lopes Ana Paula
Published: November 2020

Resumo: Este artigo visa analisar e discutir práticas extensionistas no âmbito da filosofia. Para isso, considera aspectos significativos do projeto e da realização do encontro "Silêncio, silenciamento e escrita feminina", realizado durante a Semana Universitária da UnB de 2017. O artigo descreve os pressupostos teóricos subjacentes às atividades que o grupo de pesquisa propôs para o encontro, ilustrando os significados do tema em pauta e discutindo abordagens filosóficas relativas à questão das mulheres, que podem ser implementadas de modo efetivo no contexto da extensão. A iniciativa visou enfatizar o potencial formativo de extensão como processo dialético de mediação, no qual os participantes das atividades são considerados como agentes sociais e culturais. Além disso, discutindo as imagens do feminino na filosofia, ou seja, imagens das mulheres não só como objeto (como questão filosófica), mas também especialmente como sujeitos que fazem filosofia, o evento teve como objetivo dar voz a essas mulheres, como promotoras de conhecimento e protagonistas ativas na comunidade acadêmica e na sociedade.

Palavras-chave: Imaginário. Feminismo, Filosofia, Extensão.
PERCEPÇÕES POPULARES E PLURALISMO OPINATIVO SOBRE A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ESCOLA
Authors: Salvatierra Lidianne
Published: November 2020

Frequentemente é discutida a atual função da escola e sua relevância na vida do individuo. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer e analisar as percepções populares e o pluralismo de opiniões sobre a importância da escola. Os resultados de 196 participantes envolveram 189 atitudes positivas, 4 negativas e 3 ambivalentes. As atitudes positivas foram agrupadas em nove categorias envolvendo a: a) importância para o progresso e desenvolvimento, b) como transformadora de realidade; c) obtenção de conhecimento básico; d) formação do cidadão; e) promoção de interações sociais; f) importância para o mercado de trabalho; g) importância para o acesso ao ensino superior; h) formadora de pensamento crítico; e i) formadora de pensamento reflexivo. Os resultados evidenciaram que as opiniões amostradas apresentam semelhanças com as pesquisas e debates atuais e reafirmam que a participação popular na gestão democrática-política da escola pode favorecer a construção unificada de uma educação de qualidade.
Stimulating Innovation: Statutory Influence on Electric Cooperative Telecommunications Innovation
Authors: Greig Jamie A.
Published: November 2020

Despite investment in electric cooperatives to stimulate innovation in the broadband telecommunications market, an overwhelming majority (around 835 out of approximately 900) have refrained from engaging in broadband infrastructure projects. This study identifies “statutory environment” as a barrier to electric co-op innovations in the broadband market, analyzes state-by-state legislation, and makes recommendations for stimulating innovation by statutory updates.
Teaching Racial Boundaries: How Mark Twain's Characters Expose Our “Mental Attitudes” about Race and Racism
Authors: Roark Jarrod
Published: November 2020

This article explores two methods that have allowed me to teach Adventures of Huckleberry Finn at a high school that straddles the racial dividing line in Kansas City, Missouri. In my class, students discuss the racially constructed boundaries the novel exploits. We then contextualize the current racial boundaries expressed in our cities and in our schools by reviewing census maps and reports and apply these trends to Twain's literary situations. Second, we view these literary situations and their characters within a Menippean satirical framework, whereby characters represent mental attitudes of people within a culture. By employing these two methods my students question how our mental attitudes have, or in some cases, have not changed over time.
Theorizing Twain: A Personal View
Authors: Harris Susan K.
Published: November 2020

How and why should Mark Twain scholars use literary theory? Although the American academy is no longer under the mandate to “theorize” everything, theory is still with us, and American literature scholars still have to decide where they stand in relationship to it. Twain studies, especially, seem resistant to theorizing, if for no other reason than Twain's persistent inconsistencies, which thwart systematic analysis. As a consequence, many Twain scholars ignore theory, working instead within the confines of traditional historical, biographical, and literary studies. In the process they produce excellent critical studies and engaging histories. Yet I often wonder what they might discover should they allow theory more space in their projects. Looking back over my own engagements with theory has strengthened my sense that used judiciously, literary theory can be a powerful tool, forcing us to think through phenomena we might otherwise ignore and teaching us how to articulate insights for which more traditional methodologies do not provide vocabulary—such as Twain's inconsistencies. In the following essay I offer my own history, not in order to trot out my vita, but in the hopes that my experience will invite a conversation over the relevance and uses of theory for Mark Twain studies.
The Mysterious Stranger's Crisis of Duplicates: Incompletion and the Vexed Transmission of Twain's Late Writings
Authors: Bronson-Bartlett Blake
Published: November 2020

This article proposes that readers of Twain's The Mysterious Stranger should not rely on printed versions of the story alone, but approach the story as an editor would, considering the incomplete drafts as constitutive of the work's structure, characters, and themes. The prospect of a digital edition of The Mysterious Stranger, informed by a variety of editorial theories and practices (critical text editing, the sociology of texts, fluid-text theory, and digital documentary editing), serves as the article's premise for a materially and technologically informed interpretation of the tale's past and future, in print and online.
“It was a mistake”: Abolitionism, Revision, and Mark Twain's “A Scrap of Curious History”
Authors: Ohge Christopher
Published: November 2020

Mark Twain did not publish any significant reflections on abolitionism in his lifetime, yet he did leave in his papers “A Scrap of Curious History,” an unfinished attempt to write fiction about abolitionist activity in antebellum Missouri that was initiated not by memory but by his witnessing a backlash to anarchist uprisings in France in 1894. His biographer Albert Bigelow Paine published a revised and expurgated version of “A Scrap of Curious History” in Harper's Monthly a few years after Clemens's death, but existing commentary on the sketch has been minimal and has relied on Paine's bowdlerized text, not on the surviving manuscript. Paine's changes—including his writing a conclusion to the piece—deviated from Mark Twain's intentions to write a dramatic sketch, ponderously open-ended and blunt, that examined the anxieties underlying radical politics and their relation to justice, terrorism, and social progress.
Mark Twain and the Romantic Revival
Authors: Cadle Nathaniel
Published: November 2020

Instead of reading Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc as an anomaly within Mark Twain's oeuvre, this article analyzes it within the context of the Romantic Revival, a wave of popular fiction that dominated bestseller lists during the 1890s and 1900s. The features of the novel that critics tend to dismiss—its sentimentalism, apparent acceptance of supernatural events, and so forth—constitute a direct and purposeful engagement with the conventions of romance, in contrast to Twain's more subversive treatment of those conventions elsewhere. This article contends that Personal Recollections Joan of Arc serves as an example of emergent modernism, which results from the dialectical process at work in the historical struggle between realism and romance and from the novel's own attempt to work through the tensions between two modes of fiction. Throughout the novel, Twain exploits and thematizes those tensions, in turn creating greater ambiguity and irony.
Study of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Using ASI and GPS Systems
Authors: P. Nade Dada , S. Potdar Swapnil , P. Pawar Rani
Published: November 2020

The plasma irregularities have been frequently observed in the F-region, at low latitude regions, due to the instability processes occurring in the ionosphere. The depletions in electron density, as compared to the background density, is a signature of the plasma irregularities. These irregularities are also known as the “equatorial plasma bubble” (EPB). These EPBs can measure by the total electron content (TEC) using GPS receiver and by images of the nightglow OI 630.0 nm emissions using all sky imager (ASI). The current chapter is based on the review on the signature of the EPBs in TEC and ASI. measurements. We have also discussed the importance of the study of EPBs.
Building an Integrated Database of Road Design Elements
Authors: Dhafer Abed Ali
Published: November 2020

The road network is the main artery within the city structure, which requires designing of routes and classification within the standards. Hence, the importance of this chapter, which will focus on the standards and design elements of the engineering design of road in terms of road type system, functional classification system, traffic volume system, number of traffic lane system, road width design, side slopes and elevations of road layers, super elevation, design speed, overtaking and stopping sight distance, longitudinal and cross sections of the road path, design elements of horizontal and vertical curves, and intersections. The Civil 3D Land Desktop, GIS programs, and remote sensing technology will be used to design the path of major highway linking two urban areas in Mosul (Northern Iraq), which will be considered a case study. The path of the road and its elements will be designed according to special criteria that are compatible with the topography and nature of the area. The geometric data of the road will then be exported with all the design elements to the GIS program to build an integrated road database. The database is capable of spatial analysis and connectivity with other parts of the road network in the city.
Dental Implants
Authors: Çağlar Çınar İhsan , Alper Gültekin B. , Sağlanmak Alper , Töre Cem
Published: November 2020

The goal of modern dentistry is to return patients to oral health in a predictable fashion. The partial and complete edentulous patient may be unable to recover normal function, esthetics, comfort, or speech with a traditional removable prosthesis. The patient’s function when wearing a denture may be reduced to one sixth of the level formerly experienced with natural dentition; however, an implant prosthesis may return the function to near-normal limits. The esthetics of the edentulous patient is affected as a result of muscle and bone atrophy. In order to replace a missing tooth, the development of materials science and technology improved the materials for implant application. Nowadays, titanium has become the most popular implant material due to its advantages. The first submerged implant placed by Strock was still functioning 40 years later. Recently, zirconia implants and innovative surface designs are being researched and practiced. In this chapter, these materials will be comparatively discussed through contemporary literature and research.
Malnutrition: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kiprop Choge Joseph
Published: November 2020

Achievement of good nutrition is important in Universal Healthcare; hence, all stakeholders should be updated regarding management of malnutrition and challenges encountered, especially in resource-constrained societies of the world. Coexistence of multiple predisposing factors of malnutrition therefore compounds its diagnosis and management. It is of paramount importance therefore that the vulnerable population should be provided with adequate knowledge to alleviate the nutritional challenges they encounter. Capacity building of the healthcare personnel that are entrusted to serve such vulnerable societies should be improved appropriately. Healthy nutrition policy makers, implementers, and evaluators in all healthcare sectors should be conversant with new developments in management of malnutrition and challenges including those encountered in case studies, such as one recently encountered in Kenya, during the management of isoniazid induced pellagra (IPT) in a TB patient also on antiretroviral therapy. Food fortification, nixtamalization, provision of ready-to-use therapy foods (RUTFs), and innovative lipid-based nutrient supplements are relatively new areas whose nutrition policy makers, implementers, and evaluators should be well updated in. As part of nutrition optimization among those at risk, the nonadherence to exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months, which globally remains unacceptably high (59%), should urgently be addressed through appropriate and widespread counseling.
Impact of Dopants on the Electrical and Optical Properties of Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Thanigai Arul Kumaravelu , Ramana Ramya Jayapalan , Narayana Kalkura Subbaraya
Published: November 2020

This chapter deals with the effect of alternating electrical current on hydroxyapatite [HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] and doped HAp along with their optical response and the processes involved. The dielectric constant, permittivity and ac conductivity were analyzed to have an insight into the surface charge polarization phenomenon. Further, the magnitude and the polarity of the surface charges, microstructure, and phases also play significant role in the cell proliferation and growth on the implants. Besides, the mechanism behind the electrical properties and the healing of bone fracture are discussed. The influence of various dopants on the optical properties of HAp viz., absorbance, transmission, band gaps and defects energy levels are analyzed along with the photoluminescence and excitation independent emission. In the future outlook, the analysis of effect of doping is summarized and its impact on the next generation biomaterials are elucidated.
Quantum Calculations to Estimate the Heat of Hydrogenation Theoretically
Authors: Amir Khairbek Ali
Published: November 2020

Standard enthalpies of hydrogenation of 29 unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds were calculated in the gas phase by CCSD(T) theory with complete basis set cc-pVXZ, where X = DZ, TZ, as well as by complete basis set limit extrapolation. Geometries of reactants and products were optimized at the M06-2X/6-31g(d) level. This M06-2X geometries were used in the CCSD(T)/cc-pVXZ//M06-2X/6-31g(d) and cc-pV(DT)Z extrapolation calculations. (MAD) the mean absolute deviations of the enthalpies of hydrogenation between the calculated and experimental results that range from 8.8 to 3.4 kJ mol−1 based on the Comparison between the calculation at CCSD(T) and experimental results. The MAD value has improved and decreased to 1.5 kJ mol−1 after using complete basis set limit extrapolation. The deviations of the experimental values are located inside the “chemical accuracy” (±1 kcal mol−1 ≈ ±4.2 kJ mol−1) as some results showed. A very good linear correlations between experimental and calculated enthalpies of hydro-genation have been obtained at CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/6-31g(d) level and CCSD(T)/cc-pV(DT)Z extrapolation levels (SD =2.11 and 2.12 kJ mol−1, respectively).