bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Fiber Volume Fraction on the Experiment Modal Behavior of 45°/-45° Carbon Fiber Plain Woven Fabric/Epoxy Resin Composites
Authors: Liu Qian , Pei Xiao Yuan , Li Jia Lu
Published: October 2012

The modal properties of carbon fiber woven fabric (with fiber orientation of 45°/-45°) / epoxy resin composites with different fiber volume fraction were studied by using single input and single output free vibration of cantilever beam hammering modal analysis method. The effect of different fiber volume fraction on the modal parameters of laminated composites was analyzed. The experimental results show that with the fiber volume fraction increasing, the natural frequency of laminated composites becomes larger and damping ratio becomes smaller. The fiber volume fraction smaller, the peak value of natural frequency becomes lower and the attenuating degree of acceleration amplitude becomes faster.
The Structures and Electronic Properties of Composite Material (LaxAl1-X)2O3 from First-Principles Study
Authors: Yan Hui Yu , Guo Yan Rui , Song Qing Gong
Published: October 2012

The structures and electronic properties of (LaxAl1-x)2O3 are studied by first-principles calculation method. The results show that the composite material (LaxAl1-x)2O3 tend to be in sixfold-coordinated structure when x0.7. (LaxAl1-x)2O3 is in disorder structure and get the minimum band gap when x equals about 0.7. It suggest that (LaxAl1-x)2O3 can be synthesized as high dielectric constant material by doping La2O3 with a lower Al dopant concentrations or by fabricating (LaxAl1-x)2O3 with rich Al content.
Mold Electromagnetic Stirring for Horizontal Continuous Casting of CuCrZr Alloys with Composite Properties
Authors: Li Hua Qing , Hu Zhong Weio , Deng Dao Wun , Xiang Chao Jian , Chen Zhong Ping , Zhang Xi
Published: October 2012

The authors investigated the mold electromagnetic stirring technology of horizontal continuous casting for CuCrZr alloys. Due to the oxidizability of the zirconium, the CuCrZr alloys are difficult to produce by continuous casting process. A short process for CuCrZr alloys material engineering is urgently needed. The mold electromagnetic field improved the surface of CuCrZr wire rod. The cast structure was also refined. With the help of mold electromagnetic stirring technology, CuCrZr wire rods were horizontal continuous cast. By using a set of suitable parameters, big weight wire rods with an excellent surface were cast. The CuCrZr wire rod possessed an average grain size of 1.5mm, and the columnar crystal proportion was less than 10%.
Experimental Research on the Low Velocity Impact Damage of CCF300/QY8911 Composite Laminates
Authors: Hong Hai Ming , Li Ming , Zhang Jian Yu , Zhang Yi Ning
Published: October 2012

A group of low-velocity impact tests on CCF300/QY8911 composite laminates were implemented by the low-velocity drop hammer test machine. The dent depth and the internal damage pattern with corresponding impact energy were studied, the internal delamination damage state of laminates after impact were observed through thermal layer exposing tests, and the mechanism of low-velocity impact delamination damage were discussed. The results indicated that there existed a significant inflection point in the curve of impact energy verse dent depth of CCF300/QY8911 composite material, which was also the transition point of different damage patterns. When the impact energy was smaller than the inflection energy, the damage pattern consisted mainly of matrix flaws and delamination damages, but when the impact exceeded the inflection energy, delamination damage hardly expanded while the expansion of damage was mainly fiber break.
Fabrication and Luminescence Properties of Y2O3:Eu3+/AAO Composite
Authors: Li Su Wen , Ju Shu Guang
Published: October 2012

Uniform Eu3+ doped Y2O3 nanowires with diameters of 50 nm in the anodic aluminum oxide template (AAO) have been fabricated. The Y2O3:Eu3+/AAO composite nanowires were characterized by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and spectrofluorometer techniques. The results indicate that with the increasing annealing temperature and time the excitation band of Eu3+ in Y2O3: Eu3+/AAO composite blue shifted, the intensity ratio of 5D0-7F2 to 5D0-7F1 decreased and the lifetime of the Eu3+ ions in composite became longer. In the composite annealed at 1000 °C, two spectral components were detected, corresponding to two different local environments, i.e. the Eu3+ ions in cubic phase and in amorphous phase, respectively.
Performance of Chloride Binding by Aluminate Hydrates in Cement-Based Composite Materials
Authors: Gou Mi Feng , Guan Xue Mao
Published: October 2012

The chloride binding capacity of aluminate hydrates in cement-based composite materials is investigated. The total chloride contents and free chloride contents were analyzed by acid-soluble method and water-soluble method. The chemical interaction of chloride with the hydrates of aluminate phases in cement was also studied by X-ray diffraction. Test results show that the monosulfate hydrate has chloride binding capacities, whereas ettringite has no capacity to bind chloride. The chloride binding by monosulfate hydrate is attributed to the formation of Friedel’s salt and Kuzel’s salt by the ion exchange of SO42- with Cl- and the nonlinear relationship can be represented best by a Freundlich isotherm.
Effect of Ti(C,N) Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti(C,N)/Fe Composites
Authors: Wang Rui Feng , Sun Zhi Ping , Zou Li Yan , Zhang Guo Jun
Published: October 2012

Ti(C,N)/Fe composites samples were fabricated in vacuum and Ti(C,N) content was respectively 20vol.%, 30vol.% and 40vol.%. The relationship of microstructure and mechanical properties for Ti(C,N)/Fe composites with various Ti(C,N) content were studied. The results indicated that the flexural strength and wear resistant increased with increasing the content of Ti(C,N)in the range of 0 to 30vol.%, then decreased with further increase of Ti(C,N) content, and the fracture toughness decreases with increasing Ti(C,N) content integrally, while the Vickers hardness increased with the increase of Ti(C,N) content. The microstructure of Ti(C,N)/Fe composites is uniform, fine grains, and grains combine more closely with Ti(C,N) 30vol.%. By comparing the properties of the material was relatively good with Ti(C,N) 30vol.% at 1300°C.
Crawling Pipeline of Pink-and-White Research and Design with Composite Properties of Materials
Authors: Liu Hong Pu , Peng Er Bao
Published: October 2012

This paper gives a pipeline crawling device with umbrella-type structure base on the research of the common creeping device pipeline. The machine can realize move in pipe diameter scope of 450-1100mm by comprehensive Composite Properties of Materials screw and umbrella -type adjustable support-arm. Through the Composite Properties of Materials of the electromechanical movement order, the creeping device can turn right or left, and smoothly through such a complex +-type and t-shaped pipeline.
Study on the Formability and Friction of Hot Forging Process of a Spur Gear Shaft for Manufacturing Engineering
Authors: Wang Guang Chun , Hao Bin Hai , Pei Fu Xiao , Wang Tao
Published: October 2012

Hot forging processes of a spur gear shaft with three billet sizes are simulated using FEM. The billet with size of φ36*60 has the best formability in hot forging the spur gear shaft. The effects of the initial billet temperature and the friction coefficient on the hot forging formability of the spur gear shaft are obtained respectively through simulation. Hot forging experiments are carried out and experimental results show good agreement with those in simulation. At last, the reasonable hot forging parameters of the spur gear shaft for manufacturing engineering are suggested as follows: billet size of φ36*60, billet initial temperature of 1050°C and friction coefficient of 0.3.
Study on Tool Wear of Indexable Coating Inserts for Turning Inconel 718
Authors: Liu Zhan Feng , Peng Lin , Lv Zhong Dong
Published: October 2012

The cutting experiment for nickel-based supper alloy Inconel 718 was performed by using two different coated inserts, which studied the wear morphology and wear mechanism of the tools and analyzed the effect on tool life from different coating. The results showed that when continuous cutting is performed under same cutting conditions, the capability of WSM10 to resist oxidation and adhesive is higher than TS2000, and the tool life of WSM10 is longer than TS2000. The reason why WSM10 has a better cutting performance than TS2000 is related to the coating material. Comparing with the TiN coating of TS2000 surface, the A1203 coating of WSM10 surface has a higher hardness, better chemical stability and oxidation resistance capability. The study provides a useful reference for the selection of cutting tools which used for machining Inconel 718.
Microstructures and Properties of Al-Cu-Si Brazing Foils by Melt-Spun Processing
Authors: Yu Wei Yuan , Lu Wen Jiang , Li Nai Rui
Published: October 2012

A series of Al-Cu-Si alloys were melted and spun into ribbons of about 100m thickness. The alloy compositions were selected to be suitable for brazing below 580C as filler metals. In the as-quenched state the foils were relatively brittle due to the occurrence of metal metastable phases. After appropriate annealing treatments between 400~450C the metastable phases were transformed into fine (Cu2Al) particles within the -Al matrix, and the mechanical properties of the Al-Cu-Si alloy ribbons were considerably improved.
Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Self-Lubricating Graphite/Ni60 Composite Coatings Prepared by Laser Cladding
Authors: Yang Jiao Xi , Wang Zhi Cheng , Miao Xuan He , Wang Xi Bing
Published: October 2012

Ni60 superhard alloy with the additions of graphite solid lubricants was successfully prepared on 45 carbon steel substrate by means of laser cladding. The quality of coating was relatively high and had metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The morphology of laser cladding layer was observed by SEM, composition analysis was applied by EDS. Elevated temperature frictional behaviors of graphite/Ni60 composites coatings were investigated on MMG-10 wear machine. The results showed that the friction coefficient of graphite/Ni60 composite coating was obviously decreased from 0.55 to 0.20 with increasing temperature. The wear mechanism transformed from adhesion to oxidation with the increase of temperature. The graphite/Ni60 composite coating material showed the optimum self-lubricating property at 500°C.
The Study on Solid Superacid Synthesis of K12A with Manufacturing Equipment
Authors: Zhao Dong Mei , Liu Xue Peng
Published: October 2012

By orthogonal design method, Catalytic activity of /ZrO2 solid superacid is studied, and the influence of catalyst characteristic and structure by manufacturing equipment is issued. It is concluded that the best prepared conditions of the superacid catalyst /ZrO2 for the synthesis of Octyl-Polyglycoside are followed:(1) PH=9.5; (2) calcined temperature at 500; (3) M(H2SO4)=0.5mol/L. Using this kind of catalyst the conversion of glueoside may reach as high as 96% in the synthesis of OCtyl-Polyglycoside and the selectivity is very high for the synthesis of Octyl-Polyglycoside. By introducing other metal oxide, the catalytic activity of complex solid superacid is studied.
Processing and Mechanical Properties of Starch and PVA Composite Reinforced by MCC
Authors: Liu Wen Yong , Tan Kai , Huang Yu Gang , Chen Yi , Li Xiang Gang , Yang Jun Hong , Jiang Ping , Liu Yue Jun
Published: October 2012

The thermoplastic processing and mechanical properties of starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites reinforced with microcrystal cellulose (MCC) were investigated. Glycerol with 30 wt% was chosen as the plasticizer for starch and PVA, respectively. MCC with 2 wt% was used to reinforce the starch/PVA composite. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the obtained starch/PVA blend were best when the glycerol content was 30% of starch and 20% of PVA, and the weight ratio of PVA and starch was 4/6 (wPVA/wstarch). After the addition of MCC, the mechanical properties of the starch/PVA blends were improved, and the tensile strength was increased by 52%. Moreover, it was confirmed by rheological measurements that MCC could interact with the composite materials, which results in the improvement of the mechanical strength of the starch/PVA composites.
The Applied Research of New Type Fiber Material on the Manufacture of Sports Equipment
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Sun Miao Miao , Li Dong
Published: October 2012

This research introduced that application of new type fiber materials in the field of sports equipment manufacturing, and expatiated on the advantages of new fiber materials in the manufacture of sports equipment. this paper point out that manufacture, development and utilization of new type fiber materials play an important assistant role in the improvement of sports performance. The essence of modern sports equipment development is that the development of modern new type materials based the direction of modern science and technology; however, the new type fibre material should be reasonably used in modern sports equipment.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Thermodynamic Properties for Al-Si Alloys in Material Manufacturing Engineering
Authors: Li Lin Feng , Zhang Xue Feng
Published: October 2012

The molecular dynamics method was used to simulate thermodynamic properties of two binary alloys: Al75 Si25, Al85 Si15..They were calculated of the energy functions, including cohesive energy , formation energy. Results display, formation energy and excess free energy are all negative values, so Al-Si alloys belong to negative system. The atomic interactions were analyzed in macroscopic and microcosmic views. The calculated formation energy can describe the deviation degree between the actual alloy and the ideal melt quantitatively.
Nanosecond Excimer Laser Ablation (W,Ti)C-Co Cemented Carbide
Authors: Yang Jiao Xi , Miao Xuan He , Wang Zhi Cheng , Wang Xi Bing
Published: October 2012

In order to increase the serving life of the cemented carbide, high energy pulsed excimer laser ablation was conducted on the surface of (W,Ti)C-Co cemented carbide cutting tool, and the processing parameters were optimized. The morphology of ablation surface was observed by SEM, composition analysis was applied by EDS. The results showed that with the increase of laser pulse number, the Cobalt binder content in cemented carbide decreased, while the micro-cracks increased. The average microhardness of laser irradiation region increased with increasing pulse number.
Effects of Oxalic Acid and Sodium Chloride on the Superhydrophobic Surface on Aluminum Alloy by Anodizing and PP-Coating
Authors: Liu Wen Yong , Luo Yu Ting , Sun Lin Yu , Wu Ruo Mei , Jiang Hai Yun , Liu Yue Jun
Published: October 2012

We investigated the preparation of the superhydrophobic surface on aluminum alloy by anodizing and PP coating. The effects of oxalic acid and sodium chloride in the electrolytic cell on the superhydrophobic surface were discussed. The results showed that a good superhydrophobic surface was achieved by direct PP coating after anodizing. The addition of oxalic acid had a little enhanced effect on the superhydrophobic surface, while the addition of sodium chloride had an obvious effect on the superhydrophobic surface. When the concentration of NaCl was 1.25 g/L, the contact angle (CA) was up to 162 ° and the sliding angle was lower than 3 ° .
Study on Energy Splitting of γ-LiAlO2:Fe3+ Ceramic as a Functional Inorganic Material Sintered by Microwave Based on Material Applications
Authors: Huang Yi , Miao Feng
Published: October 2012

The γ-LiAlO2: Fe3+ceramics were successfully fabricated by using multi-mode cavity microwave furnace, which can be used as an optical functional material. The sample’s photo luminescence spectrum was measured at room temperature. There are six bands in the range of 12000-25000 cm-1. Using the crystal-field theory and introducing the average covalent factor model, we calculated the energy splittings of Fe3+ions in γ-LiAlO2. These bands were firstly explained and assigned and calculation results are in good agreement with the optical experiment data. All results can be used for the production of optical devices.
Nano-Iron Hydroxides/Oxides Modified Slag on the Treatment of Simulated Methyl Orange Wastewater
Authors: Wei Yan Fei , Zhang Min Dong , Huang Mei
Published: October 2012

Degradation of simulated methyl orange (MO) was studied by combined adsorption treatment and advanced oxidation processes with nano-iron hydroxides/oxides modified slag. The adsorption treatment of nano-iron hydroxides/oxides/slag shows that with the increased of adsorbent from 0.1% to 0.5%, the removal of MO can change from 23.2% to 92.8%. While combination of the adsorption treatment and the advanced oxidation processes exhibits the enhanced disposal ability, in which the removal rate of MO changed from 23.2% to 99.9%.
Research on the Strength of Green Hydroxyapatite Coating Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Gao Lin
Published: October 2012

Coating hydroxyapatite (HA) onto matrix materials is a promising technique. The firm level of green coating is very important to the further sintering treatment. In this paper the HA powders with different ripening time were synthesized by precipitation process using (NH4)3PO4and Ca(NO3)2at room temperature. The influence of ripening time and the kind of dispersion medium on the strength of green HA coatings was studied by means of coating HA onto pyrolytic carbon via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The results show that the ripening time of HA particles and dispersion medium affect the strength of green HA coatings obtained by EPD obviously. The recommended ripening time of HA particles is about 22 hours if anhydrous ethanol or n-butanol is used as dispersion medium. The strength of green HA coatings obtained by EPD can be enhanced miraculously if glycol is used as dispersion medium.
Study on the Optical Properties of PbWO4 Crystal in Material Engineering
Authors: Zhao Dong Mei , Liu Xue Peng
Published: October 2012

On the basis of measuring its Raman spectra in material engineering with four kinds of geometrical configurations laser scattering method is utilized. Compared with other scheelite scintillators crystals， the blue luminescent center is the regular lattice ，green luminescent center is (WO3+F). Finally the crystal’s luminescent spectra is measured
Packaging Properties of Composite Film Made up of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Triacetin
Authors: Zhang Wei Li , Jiang Hai Yun , Weng Wei , Wu Ruo Mei , Liu Qi Long
Published: October 2012

Triacetin (TAC) was used as plasticizer to improve the ductile of polylactic acid (PLA). A composite film composed of PLA and TCA was therefore Paraed, and the packaging properties of this film were tested including the elongation, tensile strength, tear strength, Transparency and permeability. The results suggest that the film owns superior synthetically packaging properties when the proportion of TAC is 30 % (mass ratio). At the same time, this film has a low gas barrier which is especially for the package of the novel vegetable and fruits.
The Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Graphene by Molecular Mechanics and Structural Mechanics Method
Authors: Cheng Yuan Zheng , Shi Guang Yu
Published: October 2012

Based on a new molecular structural mechanics model, the effective in-plane mechanical properties of monolayer graphene sheet is analytically analyzed in this paper. The energy equivalence between the basic cell of the atomic structure of graphene and the corresponding basic cell, defined in the homogenization of periodic cellular media, of its equivalent periodic framed structure is used to determine the mechanical properties of the equivalent structural members representing the C-C bonds of graphene. The resulting relationship between the mechanical parameters of the equivalent structural members and the force constants defined in molecular mechanics are different from those used in other molecular structural mechanics models. And these mechanical parameters yield more accurate effective mechanical properties of graphene, especially the Poisson ratio, than the existing molecular structural mechanics models.
Study of Heat-Resistant Cotton Stalk Bast Fibers Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites
Authors: Wu Zheng , Wei Chun Yan , Cui Yong Zhu , Lv Li Hua , Xiao Wang
Published: October 2012

The heat-resistance of PLA is so poor that its application area was limited. It can be widely applied after improvement. In the process of making cotton stalk bast fibers reinforced PLA composites, adding TAIC a type of cross-linking agent in the experiment produces a kind of composites with good heat-resistance. Orthogonal experiment table including length and mass fraction of fibers, molding temperature and addition of TAIC was devised. Then the study focused on the heat-resistance of the composites and the analysis of range and variance were done. The optimal processing condition was obtained: length of fibers was 10mm, mass fraction of fibers was 30%, molding temperature was 175°C and addition of TAIC was 1%. In addition, fibers reinforced PLA composites without TAIC had better heat-resistance than the pure PLA material, the HDT raised 54°C, and the composites added TAIC obtained the best heat-resistance of all. This composite can be extensively used in many fields.
Properties of Phase Functions for Biological Materials with Properties of Composite Materials and their High-Order Parameters
Authors: Zhang Xiao Juan , Li Yan , Yang Wei
Published: October 2012

Biological materials with properties of composite materials are complex, phase function can describe the complexity. Several phase functions and their high-order parameters were discussed. The results demonstrate that: single HG(Henyey-Greenstein) phase function can not describe the scattering of real biological material, the high-order parameters are dependent on the first-order parameter; Mie phase function can provide theorical reference for scattering chart of biological material although the function is complex;Tissue phase function can picture scattering for most biological materials and the form is simpleness, the high-order parameters are independent and relate to the micro-structures of biological material. it is necessary of selecting appropriate phase function for applied technology of medical diagnosis and measurement of optical parameters.
Study on Glass Forming Ability for the Nd60-xCo15+xAl25 Alloys
Authors: Tang Yong Jun , Xu Hui , Tan Xiao Hua , Man Hua , Bai Qin
Published: October 2012

Bulk Nd60-xCo15+xAl25 (where x =0, 2, 5, 8, 11) sheet alloys were prepared by argon arc melting and suction casting a copper mold. Glassing forming ability (GFA) of these alloys was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Due to the dissimilarity reflected from DSC curves the thermodynamic calculation was applied. The values of Gibbs free energy (∆Gl-x (Tg)) for the amorphous alloys were gave out and some GFA criterions were adopted to make a comparison among the samples.
CeO2/TiO2 Nanotubes Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Li Hai Bin , Li Xin Yong , Song Yan De , Chen Shu Guang , Wang Ying , Sui Chao Yue , Jiang Chao
Published: October 2012

TiO2nanotubes were prepared via a hydrothermal route. CeO2nanoparticles with diameters around 5nm were loaded onto the surface of TiO2nanotubes via a deposition approach followed by a calcination process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis) were applied for the characterization of the as-prepared CeO2/TiO2nanotubes composites. The results show that CeO2particles are highly dispersed on the surface of TiO2nanotubes. The TiO2 nanotubes are modified to response to the visible light due to the combination with CeO2. The CeO2/TiO2nanotubes composites with a CeO2/TiO2atomic ratio of 2.5% show a further improvement on the photocatalytic activity for degradation of Rhodamine B in water. The presence of CeO2improves the light absorption of TiO2nanotubes and inhibits the electron-hole recombination.
Effect of Glycine Doping in Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (KHP) Crystals on Structural and Optical Properties
Authors: Sivakumar N. , Kumar R. Mohan , Anbalagan G.
Published: October 2012

Influence of Glycine dopant in KHP single crystals have been investigated by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Concentration of Glycine in the KHP crystal was optimized and subjected to various spectral studies. Powder X-ray diffraction study reveals the orthorhombic structure of the grown pure and doped KHP crystals. The chemical components present in the crystals were confirmed with the help of FTIR spectrum. The enhancement of optical transparency in the doped KHP crystal was verified by UV-visible spectrum. The refractive indices along b-axis of the grown crystals were measured with Metricon-prism coupler instrument. The emission of green light confirms the SHG properties of the grown crystals.
Hot Corrosion Studies of GTA Welded Monel 400 Exposed to Thin Film of Molten Na2so4 - 60% V2O5 at 600°C
Authors: Mishra Puneet Kumar , Gopalakrishnan K.S. , Ramkumar K. Devendranath , Arivazhagan N. , Narayanan S.
Published: October 2012

In this research work, an attempt has been made to investigate the gas tungsten arc welded Monel 400 plates using ENiCu-7 for its mechanical and corrosion properties. Microstructure examination reveals the coarse grain formation of Ni-Cu phase in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and well defined dendrites are observed in the weld region. Tensile tests showed that fracture occurred at the weld interface and the ultimate tensile strength of the Monel weldment is found to be 515 MPa. Furthermore hot corrosion studies were performed on the different zones (Weld, HAZ and Base metal) of Monel 400 exposed to the thin film of molten salt environment of Na2SO4 - 60% V2O5 at 600°C. It was found that corrosion was extremely severe on the fusion zone after exposed to 50 cycles. The corrosion products were characterized using the combined techniques of optical microscopy, XRD, SEM/EDX analysis
Mechanical Studies of Nonlinear Optical γ-Glycine Single Crystal Grown in the Presence of Lithium Nitrate
Authors: Vijayalakshmi M. , Yogambal C. , Rajan Babu D. , Ezhil Vizhi R.
Published: October 2012

Single Crystal of γ-glycine lithium nitrate with non-linear optical material have been grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature. Structural and Crystalline nature of the grown γ-glycine lithium nitrate crystal was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction technique. UV-Visible transmittance study was performed to analyze optical transparency of γ-glycine crystal and found that the crystal was transparent in the entire visible region. The mechanical properties of the grown crystal was subjected to Vickers hardness test and the Brittleness index (Bi), Fracture toughness (Kc), Elastic stiffness constant (C11) were estimated.
Dopant Induced Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Fe-Doped CdS Nanoparticles
Authors: Murali G. , Amaranatha Reddy D. , Poornaprakash B. , Vijayalakshmi R.P. , Madhusudhana Rao N.
Published: October 2012

Room temperature ferro-magnetism in Fe-doped CdS nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by a wet chemical precipitation method is reported. Magnetic studies revealed that pure CdS NPs exhibit diamagnetic behavior as like bulk material, where as 3% Fe doped CdS NPs shows the ferromagnetic behavior. At room temperature, ESR signal characteristic of Fe3+ was observed in doped NPs.
Effect of Annealing on the Properties of Spin Coated Lead Zirconium Titanate Thinfilms
Authors: Subramanian N. Sankara , Kathiresan K.
Published: October 2012

Lead zirconium titanate thinfilms have been prepared by the cost effective spin coating method on glass and stainless steel substrate with the following optimized coating parameters, (1) Coating period of the sol - 4th to 5th day, (2) Spin rate – 2500 rpm, (3) Spin time – 10 Sec, (4) Number of coating – 8, (5) Heat treatment temperature - 450 °C and (6) Heat treatment duration – 8 Sec. The developed PZT thinfilms are annealed between the temperature 200 oC and 1000 oC. The XRD profile of all the PZT thinfilms annealed at different temperatures confirm polycrystalline perovskite structure with preferred orientation along (110) plane. The thermal conductivity measurement of the PZT thinfilm samples annealed at different temperatures illustrates a non linear decline with the increase in annealing temperature. The sheet resistance and resistivity measurement of the PZT specimen show a maximum value of 15.6 MΩ/⁫ and 13.7 x 10-6 Ω-cm, for the PZT thinfilm annealed at the temperature 1000 oC. Hardness of the PZT thinfilms annealed at different temperatures is measured in the Vickers scale. A maximum hardness of 740 VHN and a minimum hardness of 220 VHN is observed for the PZT thinfilm annealed at the temperature 1000 °C and 300 °C respectively. The 2D and 3D AFM micrograph of the PZT thinfilm annealed at 1000 °C illustrates fine grain growth, smooth and uniform surface pattern with large number of grain boundaries.
Prospective of Conducting Polymer Nanowire for Gas Sensing Application to its Physical Scaling
Authors: Shirale Dhammanand J. , Bangar Mangesh , Myung Nosag V. , Chen Wilfred , Joshi Girish M. , Mulchandani Ashok
Published: October 2012

The effect of physical scaling on one dimensional (1-D) conducting polypyrrole (Ppy) nanowire device has been successfully studied. The synthesis, electrical characterization and ammonia gas sensing with 1-D Ppy nanowire device have been carried out in the present investigation. Ppy nanowires having ~80 to ~200 nm in diameter were synthesized by electrochemical polymerization in alumina template and 1.77 to 3 µm Ppy nanowire length were maintain by varying the distance between electrodes gap. We further demonstrated that gas sensors based on 1-D Ppy nanowire having high aspect ratio (length to diameter ratio, L:D) exhibits good sensitivity towards ammonia, and provided a reliable detection at concentration as low as approximately 1 ppm based on principal of physical scaling co-related to response resistance.
Preparation of Chitosan-ZnO Nanocomposite from Chitin Polymer
Authors: Anandhavelu Shanmugam , Thambidurai Sivalingam
Published: October 2012

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have attracted great attention as a promising functional material with unique properties suitable for applications in UV lasers, light emitting diodes, field emission devices, sensors, field effect transistors, and solar cells. In recent years, there has been a growing interest among the researchers to incorporate metal nanoparticles into polymer matrix. In the present work, the biopolymer chitin was deacetylated using zinc chloride and sodium hydroxide. The formed zinc oxide is blended with chitosan and the final product has been obtained as nano composite. The prepared material was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy with functional groups of amine (-NH2) for chitosan and ZnO stretching vibration. The crystallite size of materials was confirmed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD).The absorbance of chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite was confirmed by UV-vis Spectroscopy. The surface morphology of prepared materials was analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The above characterization studies was confirmed the presence of chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Property Studies of Multiferroic YMnO3 Nanorods
Authors: Dhinesh Kumar R. , Jayavel R.
Published: October 2012

Multiferroic YMnO3nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal process at 200°C. Hexagonal structure of the synthesized sample was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. High resolution scanning electron microscope analysis shows uniform nanorods with average diameter of about 350nm and length of 10µm. Transmission electron microscope and selected area electron diffraction studies reveal the single crystalline nature of nanorods and the lattice fringe width of nanorod is about 0.296nm for the (111) plane with the growth direction along (001) plane (c-axis). The zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetization studies show a complicated magnetic transition occurred in the temperature range from 20 to 300K as confirmed by magnetic hysteresis loops.
Biopolymer Encapsulation of CdTe Quantum Dot for In Vitro Controlled Drug Delivery Release of 6-Mercaptopurine
Authors: Parani Sundarrajan , Lakshmi Baddireddi Subhadra , Pandian Kanniyan
Published: October 2012

Alginate biopolymer stabilized CdTe quantum dot (QD) was prepared and it was encapsulated with folic acid conjugated chitosan for controlled drug delivery of anticancer drug 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). In addition to alginate, chitosan enhances the stability of QD. Also, in addition to chitosan, alginate binds to the drug leading to enhance the loading efficiency of the resulting drug carrier. The drug release profile of the carrier was investigated by in-vitro. The present study has shown that this drug carrier is feasible for drug delivery and will be important beneficiary for cancer therapy.
Electrocatalytic Property of Nano-Fe3O4 Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Suresh R. , Giribabu K. , Manigandan R. , Vijayalakshmi L. , Stephen A. , Narayanan V.
Published: October 2012

We have synthesized Fe3O4nanoparticles by simple hydrothermal method. The synthesized material was characterized by XRD, FT-IR and FE-SEM etc., The FT-IR spectrum confirms the formation of Fe3O4. XRD confirms the structure and phase purity of the Fe3O4nanoparticles. The morphological property was characterized by FE-SEM. The synthesized Fe3O4nanoparticles were used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and the modified electrode (n-Fe3O4/GCE) was found to exhibit electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of uric acid (UA). It shows that the Fe3O4nanopowder exhibits promising applications in the development of bio-sensors.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Lead Sulphide Nanoparticles and their Electrochemical Sensing Property
Authors: Giribabu K. , Suresh R. , Manigandan R. , Vijayalakshmi L. , Stephen A. , Narayanan V.
Published: October 2012

Lead sulphide nanoparticles was synthesized using hydrothermal method. The formed lead suplphide (PbS) nanoparticles were characterized by using FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical detection of pollutant (4-Nitrophenol) was carried out by coating the lead sulphide onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by drop coating method. The electrocatalytic performance of the modified GCE electrode with 4-Nitrophenolwas better when compared with bare electrode.
Preparation and Characterization of Cobalt Magnesium Nano Ferrites Using Auto-Combustion Method
Authors: Uday Bhasker Sontu , Vijaya Kumar Y. , Ramana Reddy M.V.
Published: October 2012

Co0.6Mg0.4 Fe2O4 samples are prepared by auto-combustion method at various pH values of the solutions (sols). The precursors for the solids are different gels obtained from metal nitrates and citric acid by sol-gel process. The pH is varied by adding ammonia. The gels thus obtained are heated at 2000C and they exhibited self propagating combustion behavior. The residues are heated for one and half hours at 6000C. XRD analysis of the final solids revealed that after combustion the gel is directly transformed into nano sized cobalt magnesium ferrite particles. The samples are sintered at 6000C and higher temperatures. However, the samples sintered at 6000C have shown single phase nano particles. The ferrites formed have shown variation in particle size for varying pH values. FTIR of the samples supported the Octahedral and Tetrahedral site absorption values. The DC conductivity of the above samples has been studied and the results are discussed.
Fabrication of Highly Fluorescent Cadmium Based Aqueous Phase Colloidal Quantum Dots for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Arivarasan Ayyaswamy , Ganapathy Sasikala , Jayavel Ramasamy
Published: October 2012

Highly fluorescent Cadmium based II-VI CQD’s plays a vital role in third generation photovoltaic’s design. In this paper, a novel approach for rapid synthesis of two different high quality cadmium based CQD’s in aqueous phase was presented and the optical stability and the structural properties of those materials were studied out. In this work Tellurium composed CQD’s along with cadmium were prepared by colloidal route. In the above procedure Thio Glycolic Acid (TGA) as well as Mercapto succinic acids (MSA) was used as the capping agents. All these procedures were carried out in aqueous medium at air atmosphere. The size dependent band gaps of the prepared quantum dots were determined from UV-Vis spectra and compared with the other one. The fluorescent properties of CdTe CQDs were investigated by using fluorescence spectra. The surface and structural morphologies were determined by using HRSEM and X-ray diffraction studies. The formation of CdTe quantum dots and the capping effect of the thiol group were investigated from EDAX and FTIR analysis.
Target to Substrate Distance Dependent Optical and Electrical Properties of Sputtered NiO Films
Authors: Mallikarjuna Reddy Avula , Sivasankar Reddy Akepati , Sreedhara Reddy Pamanji
Published: October 2012

Nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates at various target to substrate distances in the range of 60 to 80 mm by dc reactive magnetron sputtering technique. It was observed that target to substrate distance influenced the morphological, optical and electrical properties of the deposited films. The optical results revealed that the optical transmittance of the films increased with increasing the target to substrate distance upto 70 mm, thereafter it was decreased. The increase in transmittance of the films was due to an increase in size of the grains. The NiO films exhibited an optical transmittance of 60 % and direct band gap of 3.82 eV at target to substrate distance of 70 mm. The films showed high electrical resistivity of 37.3 Ωcm at target to substrate distance of 60 mm and low electrical resistivity of 5.1 Ωcm at target to substrate distance of 70 mm. At high target to substrate distance of 80 mm the electrical resistivity of the film was increased.
Development of Water Blown Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Foams
Authors: Rashmi Baralu Jagannatha , Rusu Daniela , Prashantha Kalappa , Lacrampe Marie France , Krawczak Patricia
Published: October 2012

Water blown biobased thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foams were prepared using synthetic and biobased chain extender. The concentration of chain extender, blowing agent (BA) and surfactant were varied and their effects on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of foams were investigated. Density, compressive strength and modulus of foams decreases with an increase in BA content and increased with chain extender concentration, but do not change significantly with change in surfactant concentration. The glass-transition temperatures of the foam samples increases with an increase in BA and chain extender concentration. The cell size of the foam sample increases slightly with an increase in BA whereas chain extender concentration has no effect on cell size.
Growth, Spectral, Optical and Thermal Studies of Rare Earth Neodymium(III)Nitrate Doped Tris Thiourea Zinc(II)Sulphate Single Crystals
Authors: Kanagasabapathy K. , Rajasekaran R.
Published: October 2012

Tristhiourea Zinc(II)sulphate (ZTS) and rare earth Neodymium(III)Nitrate doped Tristhiourea Zinc(II)sulphate compounds were synthesized and single crystals were grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The cell parameters of the grown crystals were evaluated by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies and powder X-ray diffraction analysis further confirmed the crystalline nature of the grown crystals. The presence of functional groups in the grown crystals was confirmed by FTIR analysis. UV-Visible absorption spectra reveal the cutoff wavelengths of grown crystals. TGA/DTA thermal analyses revealed that the materials have good thermal stability. The incorporation of the impurity (Nd3+) entered into ZTS crystals was confirmed by SEM-EDX analysis. The microhardness studies on the grown crystal samples revealed that the hardness increases with applied load for all the grown crystals. From the values of work hardening coefficient, ZTS and Neodymium(III)Nitrate doped ZTS crystals were found to be soft category materials. The second harmonic signal from ZTS and Neodymium(III) Nitrate doped ZTS crystals were tested by Kurtz-Perry method using Nd:YAG laser.
Synthetic Studies and Structural Aspects of some Metallacyclic Derivatives of Titanium (IV) - Better Precursors for Titania
Authors: Pathak Madhvesh , Samuel Blassan , Tummalapalli Kiran , Vuppalapati Giri Prasanth , Bohra Rakesh , Kim Kap Jin
Published: October 2012

Titanium(IV) complexes of the type [(acac)2Ti(O-G-O] and [(acac)2Ti(OCH2CH2SH)2] {where G = (CH2)2, CH2CH(CH3), CH2CH(C2H5), CH(CH3)CH(CH3) have been synthesized in high yield by the interaction of the precursor [(acac)2Ti( OR)2] {where R = Pri , Et} with a variety of glycols and thioglycols in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios in refluxing benzene under anhydrous condition yield heteroleptic derivatives. On the basis of physico-chemical analyses, a cis-octahedral environment around Ti (IV) is proposed.
Processing and Mechanical Behaviour of Halloysite Filled Starch Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Schmitt Hélène , Prashantha Kalappa , Soulestin Jérémie , Lacrampe Marie France , Krawczak Patricia , Raquez Jean Marie
Published: October 2012

Bionanocomposites based on halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as nanofillers and starch as polymer matrix were prepared by melt-extrusion process using glycerol as plasticizer and glycerol monostearate as lubricant. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images show homogenous dispersion of HNTs in starch matrix. A Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) reveals the interaction between external hydroxyl groups of HNTs with C–O–C groups of starch. Upon halloysite addition, storage modulus, Young modulus and tensile strength increase without loss of ductility.
Effect of Calcium Carbonate in the Studies and Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Sanyal Vijayalakshmi , Rajendran M. , Raja C. Ramachandra
Published: October 2012

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been the focus of biomaterials research as it is highly biocompatible and bioresorbable ceramic with relatively simple processing. Hydroxyapatite (HA) also helps in restoration of damaged or deceased bones. Several methods are proposed in preparation of HA from aqueous solution. In this paper, HA is prepared by direct precipitation reaction method using orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) and calcium hydroxide Ca (OH)2 as precursors for various Ca / P molar ratio. The prepared HA was subjected to XRD and FTIR where the analysis reveals the presence of (CHA) Carbonate Hydroxyapatite which has excellent resorbable property. The present study substantiates that the fabricated material is of nanoscale. The variations in the amount of CHA for different Ca/P ratio were observed.
Degradation Study and its Effect in Release of Ciprofloxacin from Polyetherurethane
Authors: Piyali Basak , Sohini Sen
Published: October 2012

Ether based polyurethane film was synthesized and those were undergone curing process and membrane thickness was measured. The membrane was sliced in 2×2cm. Swelling study of the membrane was compared in water, tetrahydrofuran solvent and simulated body fluid. Membranes were set for biodegradation in simulated body fluid for three months. Besides that films were also degraded by esterase enzyme. Result of the two types of degradation was compared. After biodegradation characterization by FTIR-ATR mode, XRD was done for the degraded membranes and the characterization result was compared with that of no degraded membranes. To perform drug release study with antibiotic-ciprofloxacin, the membrane was first loaded with ciprofloxacin by placing in a drug solution of known concentration and then drug release pattern was verified periodically by estimating optical density (OD) of the different solutions of released drug by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Then antibiotic assay was performed with ciprofloxacin with the S. aureus strain and the obtained zone of inhibition was compared with the control sample. The drug release results were compared with antibiotics assay results. Besides that drug release was correlated with the degradation study results.
Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity Studies of Calcium Silicate Bioceramics
Authors: Lakshmi R. , Sasikumar Swamiappan
Published: October 2012

Wollastonite is one of the most widely used bioceramic due to its biocompatibility and bioactivity. Wollastonite (CaSiO3) was synthesized by sol-gel combustion process using citric acid as a fuel/reductant and nitrate as an oxidant. Calcium nitrate was taken as a source of calcium and tetraethyl orthosilicate was taken as the source of silicate. The obtained product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier - Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy. The XRD pattern shows that the product formed is a pure and single phasic wollastonite. The FT-IR spectra revealed that there is no secondary phase present in the product. The SEM image shows that the product is highly porous. The particle size calculated using Scheerer’s formula shows that the particles are in a nano regime.
Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on Admittance, Suceptance and Conductance of Polyacrylonitrile Gel
Authors: Joshi Girish M. , Khatake S.M. , Shirale D. J.
Published: October 2012

We have successfully demonstrated the effect of Gamma-irradiation on Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) gel in terms of admittance (Y), Susceptance (B) and Conductance (G). The trend of Y and B decreases by 297 microSec and 138 microSec respectively and conductance (G) increases by 100 μS. Electrical mechanism associated with microstructure of PAN gel under external DC bias potential is the novelty of this work. External field stimuli responded due to delocalization of charge carriers. These properties are important as novel electronic material.
Effect of Iron Oxide on Ionic Conductivity of Polyindole Based Composite Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Rajasudha G. , Narayanan V. , Stephen A.
Published: October 2012

Composite polymer electrolytes (CPE) have recently received a great attention due to their potential application in solid state batteries. A novel polyindole based Fe2O3 dispersed CPE containing lithium perchlorate has been prepared by sol-gel method. The crystallinity, morphology and ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolyte were examined by XRD, scanning electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD data reveals that the intensity of the Fe2O3 has decreased when the concentration of the polymer is increased in the composite. This composite polymer electrolyte showed a linear relationship between the ionic conductivity and the reciprocal of the temperature, indicative of the system decoupled from the segmental motion of the polymer. Thus Polyindole-Iron oxide composite polymer electrolyte is a potential candidate for lithium ion electrolyte batteries. The complex impedance data for this has been analyzed in different formalisms such as permittivity (ε) and electric modulus (M). The value of ε' for CPE decreases with frequency, which is a normal dielectric behavior in polymer nanocomposite.