bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis de la tendencia de la talla en niños y adolescentes peruanos; 2007 - 2013
Authors: Tarqui-Mamani Carolina Beatriz , Alvarez-Dongo Doris , Espinoza-Oriundo Paula Lita
Published: May 2018

Introducción: La talla es un indicador que brinda información sobre el desarrollo de un país debido a que refleja las condiciones sociales en que vive la población y su repercusión para el estado de salud. Objetivos: Analizar la tendencia de la talla alta y baja según edad, sexo, área de residencia y pobreza.Material y métodos: Estudio de tendencia que analiza la talla alta y baja en 57.597 niños y adolescentes durante 2007 y 2013 utilizando datos publicados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática de Perú para la evaluación de la pobreza en hogares peruanos.Resultados: En el periodo 2007-2013 se observa que no hubo un cambio en el porcentaje de talla alta ni para el total ni por grupos de edad, sexo, pobreza y área de residencia. En cambio, se observó que el porcentaje de talla baja durante este periodo disminuyo del 25,4% a 18,8% (2013) (p<0,001). Al observar los cambios por grupos de edad, sexo, pobreza y área de residencia se evidenció que la talla baja disminuyó de 21,2% a 12,9% en los niños entre 5 a 9 años (p<0,001), en pobres extremos se redujo de 49,5% a 38,6% (p<0,001) y en el área rural disminuyó de 40,1% a 31,4% (p<0,001). Además, el cambio fue similar en niños y niñas (aproximadamente 4% de reducción).Conclusiones: La tendencia de talla alta no ha cambiado entre 2007-2013, y la talla baja se redujo principalmente en niños de 5-9 años, pobres extremos y áreas rurales. Es necesario mantener o mejorar las estrategias realizadas entre este periodo de estudio para seguir reduciendo el porcentaje de niños con talla baja y mejorar de esta forma su salud.
Social Housing as a State-Funded Mega Project: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Apostolos Kyriazis , Balasis Evgenios , Patsavos Nikolaos
Published: May 2018

There are many kinds of war. They span from typical military conflicts to socially and politically charged environments, from fiscal colonization to ghostly wars about information and the internet. But what about the fear of a possible war? Could housing initiatives be connected to that? What kind of design methods and standards as well as processes would that specific case entail? What other factors would add pressure to studying and implementing housing projects in this context? What could be the possible measure of such projects’ eventual assessment?

This paper is based on the assumption that fear of a spreading of the Arab Spring in the Saudi Kingdom triggered a massive state-funded housing project. The ambitious case of Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Housing (MoH) will be discussed and gradually unfolded within its social, cultural, economic, and technical-design conditions. The project’s development is discussed both before its launch-conceptualization and throughout its implementation. The original insight given stems from the authors’ participation as lead urban planners in one of the major companies awarded the project.
Zeolite and Charcoal as Potential Adsorbents in Tubs of Oxydation Ditch I and Oxydation Ditch II at Water Treatment and Composting Plant (WTCP) PT. Djarum Kudus
Authors: Kharismawati Rissa , Prasetyo Redi Joko , Astuti Yayuk
Published: May 2018

This study aims to determine the mass of zeolite and charcoal required as lime nutrient adsorbent (Ca(OH)2) in reducing pH, TSS, COD, and SV values in tubs of oxidation of ditches I and II in Water Treatment and Composting Plant (WTCP) PT. Djarum Kudus with the principle of adsorption. The methods used were jar test and spectrophotometry. The adsorbents used were chalk (Ca(OH)2), zeolite, and charcoal added to the tub samples of oxydation ditch I and oxidation ditch II by variation of mass for every adsorbent, that were 2 gram, 4 gram and 6 gram. The results showed that zeolite and charcoal were more effective than charchoal in lowering pH, COD, TSS and SV values in tubs of oxidation ditches I and II on the addition of 6 gram in 500 ml of sample.
Huge abdominal and perineal aggressive angiomyxoma: A misdiagnosed case report and literature review
Authors: Ma Jianhua , Wan Jianghou , Jiang Bin , Wang Hua , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xiangbo
Published: May 2018

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a distinctive soft tissue tumor with a high risk of local recurrence. Clinicians must be aware of this rare tumor pre-operatively. Excision is the preferred method of AA treatment. The case report presents a case of a 36-year-old woman who was difficulty in walking due to a non-painful tumor in the abdomen and perineum. She was misdiagnosed as abdomen neurofibroma for more than 10 years, and an operation was performed in 1997. However, the tumor was incompletely resected because its huge volume accompanies with extensive infiltration and bleeding. The tumors in her abdomen and perineum were growing gradually, and the latter became a large lump which impeded her daily life. In 2008, the perineal tumor was incompletely resected, which weighed 10725 g. The severe hemorrhage had been ceased by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone treatment. She is alive till now. Details of the history and operative procedures are presented. An AA diagnosis was made by microscopy immunohistochemically. Long-time misdiagnosis and improper treatment are the important reasons for making it impossible to be radically resected. Pathological and immunohistochemical examination are important for avoiding misdiagnosis. For this case, there is a remaining tumor in her abdomen. A special project including further follow-up and treatment will be taken out.
Taxonomic Approach for Species Diversity of Yeasts and Yeasts-like Fungi through D1/D2 Region of Large Subunit Ribosomal DNA Sequences
Authors: Sumerta I Nyoman , Kanti Atit
Published: May 2018

The identification of yeasts or yeasts-like fungi and verify their diversity are principal aspect for bioindustry and ecosystem sustainability. Taxonomic approach provides identification tool to ensure the taxonomic position of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi which definitely set to utilization concerns. The aim of this study is to understanding the taxonomic position of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi from the distinctive of its sequences relationship. Yeasts and yeasts-like fungi strains were isolated through various culture dependent methods from natural resources samples of Karimun Besar Island, Province of Riau Islands, Indonesia. The identification process was performed through amplifying the accurate DNA-based in D1/D2 region of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. As the result, a total of 85 isolates of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi were obtained with 16 closest related taxa through phylogenetic tree construction. Ascomycetous was the predominating group representing 91% of the total isolates sequences followed by Basidiomycetous (8%) and Zygomycetous (1%). The black yeasts (yeasts-like) known as Aureobasidium melanogenum was predominant species with represent to 54% of total isolates and present in particular habitat. Taxonomically, there are six isolates are represent to be novel taxa candidates which pretend to enhance genetic resources of yeasts and yeasts-like fungi especially from Indonesia. In addition, this information provides specific technique to reach specific yeasts or yeasts-like fungi species in nature by managing the sample collection and culture methods.
Three Species of Weeds Enhance The Population of Predator and Parasitoid of Coffee Berry Borers
Authors: Daniati Cucu , Karindah Sri , Puspitarini Retno
Published: May 2018

Flowering weeds can serve as refugia for natural enemies. In coffee plantation, they might has the potential to attract predator and parasitoid of Coffee Berry Borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The aim of this research was to elucidate the influence of weeds to the presence of predator dan parasitoid and their impact to the population of CBB. The research was conducted at Ngantang, Malang Regency and in Laboratory of Pest, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. Three types of weed used were: Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae), Synedrela nodiflora(L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae), and Arachis pintoi Krap. & Greg. (Fabaceae). The research consisted of two experiments (1) coffee plot with single species of weed and (2) coffee plot with two species of weeds. The results of experiment I and II showed that A. conyzoides, S. nodiflora, A. pintoi and its combination in coffee plantation significantly attracted the predator and parasitoid of CBB. The population of CBB was not significantly different between coffee plot with and without weed. The existence of A. conyzoides, S. nodiflora and A. pintoi in coffee plantations could increase the number of predator and parasitoid of CBB around coffee tree. This result showed that the presence of weeds in coffee plantation is an important factor in maintaining the predators and parasitoid of CBB population.
Antibacterial Activity of Streptomyces SAE4034 Isolated from Segara Anakan Mangrove Rhizosphere against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Ryandini Dini , Pramono Hendro , Sukanto Sukanto
Published: May 2018

Actinomycetes SAE4034 isolates was isolated from Rhizophora apiculata rhizosphere mud showed some antibacterial properties. The antibacterial ability of this isolate has not been tested on antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens. However, there was no research has been reported regarding actinomycetes from Segara Anakan mangrove area resulting compounds inhibit the growth of antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is important to investigate its capability against antibiotics resistant bacteria or multi drug resistant bacteria (MDR bacteria). The research aimed to know the ability of actinomycetes SAE4034 in inhibit MDR bacteria and to identify the species profiles. The research methods included isolate characterization involving morphology, physiology/enzymatic and molecular properties. MDR bacterial inhibition assay, antibacterial compound extraction and antibacterial compound test using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method, observation of morphological and biochemical properties, DNA isolation, amplification and analysis of 16SrRNA sequence, and phylogeny tree analysis. The methods of this study included MDR anti-bacterial assay and antibacterial compound test. Subsequent step was isolate characterization including observation of morphological and physiological / enzymatic properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequence. The results showed that culture extract was able to inhibit the growth of MDR bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus sp., but no inhibition to Enterobacter cloacae. The bioactive compound showed 4 spots with Rf values of 0.36; 0.45; 0.54; and 0.6. Based on morphology, physiology / enzymatic and 16S rRNA gene sequences characteristics, actinomycetes SAE4034 isolate is Streptomyces sp. This research showed new Streptomyces strain that serves as a source of MDR antibacterial compounds and useful in development of antibiotic for combating infectious diseases caused by MDR bacteria
Species Richness and Habitat Suitability of Myrmecophytes in Bengkulu : Host Tree, Coexist Epiphytes and Animals
Authors: Safniyeti Safniyeti , Sulistijorini Sulistijorini , Chikmawati Tatik
Published: May 2018

Myrmecophytes or locally known as simbagh utak are common medicinal plants used by locals in Bengkulu, especially in South Bengkulu, for treating various diseases. Despite their potential as medicines, there is no report on biotic factors can be used to indicate of Myrmecophytes species’ richness and habitat suitability. The objectives of this research were to analyze the Myrmecophytes’ species richness and habitat suitability. This study used the purposive sampling method by exploring the area where Myrmecophytes were commonly found. The biotic factors of Myrmecophytes were analyzed by identifying the tree host, the other epiphyte plant grew around them, and animal occupants on the tuber of the Myrmecophytes. The Myrmecophytes distribution was analyzed by using ArcGIS10.1. The results showed that there were two species of Myrmecophytes, namely Hydnophytum formicarum and Myrmecodia tuberosa in the study area. The Myrmecophytes attached and hung in 9 species of host trees. The characteristics of host trees are high trees with large diameter, mostly rough-barked; some were cracked and mossy. The highest frequency of host trees included Hevea brasiliensis and Durio zibethinus. Myrmecophytes coexisted with 12 species of epiphytes. Epiphyte plants like Dendrobium sp. and Drymoglossum piloselloides can be used to indicate the presence of Myrmecophytes. Ants made up the most predominantly animal found living inside the tubers of Myrmecophytes, with some cockroaches and termites found at the tuber of Hydnophytum. Information on species' richness and habitat suitability of Myrmecophytes can serve as supporting data for conservation efforts in Bengkulu to prevent the extinction of this species.
Effect of Lime Pretreatment on Microstructure of Cassava Stalk Fibers and Growth of Aspergillus niger
Authors: Dewi Pramesti , Indrati Retno , Millati Ria , Sardjono Sardjono
Published: May 2018

Cassava stalk can be converted into sugar-based product by using microorganism. Unfortunately, lignin act as a barrier of optimal bioconversion. Cassava stalk needs pretreatment process for removing this barrier. The effect of lime pretreatment on microstructure of cassava stalk fibers and the growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were observed in this research. The cassava stalks were reduced into 0.147- 0.297 mm size and pretreated with 1 % Ca(OH)2. Lime pretreated and unpretreated cassava stalk was used as solid medium for Aspegillus niger FNCC 6114. The effect of pretreatment method on fibers microstructure of cassava stalk was evaluated through SEM micrograph. The growth and metabolism activities of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6114 were monitored through SEM micrograph of media after fermentation. The other parameters examined were changes in glucosamine, reducing sugar levels, and spores’ quantity. Lime pretreatment altered microstructure of cassava stalk fibers. However, cassava stalk without lime pretreatment gave better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 based on metabolism activities parameters. Cassava stalks is suitable as media for Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 through solid state fermentation. For better growth of Aspergillus niger FNCC 6144 fine-sized cassava stalk should not be lime pretreated. The results of this study  provide  information about the pretreatment of cassava stems which was effective in supporting the growth of Aspergillus niger. Enhancements the utilization of cassava stems by using fungi, for example Aspergillus niger can overcome the accumulation of organic waste that can interfere with environmental sustainability.
The Role of Acetylcholine Esterase in Resistance Mechanism of Plutella xylostella to Emamektin Benzoate
Authors: Tarwotjo Udi , Rahadian Rully
Published: May 2018

One of the resistance mechanism of P. xylostellato emamektin benzoate is target insensitivity which is acetylcholine esterase that responsible for resistance occurrence. The objective of this study was to determine the role of acetylcholinesterase in the resistance mechanism of P. xylostella population to emamektin benzoate. For enzyme activity analysis, larvae homogenate of the third instar of P. xylostella was prepared. The number of insects required for each scour is 1 for each field population. The protein content in P. xylostella homogenate was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Non-specific esterase activity with an absorption rate was read using ELISA reader tool with λ = 450 nm. The inhibition level of acetylcholinesterase activity by emamectin benzoate in the tested population was 36.84%. The highest inhibition occurs in Puasan (Ngablak) population.  The result shows that a α-naphthyl acetate substrate was used so that it was recorded as non-specific esterase activity and did not exhibit esterase activity which specifically describes emamectin benzoate. Non-specific esterase enzyme activity of either α or β-naphthyl acetate substances to benzoic emamectin in the tested population most of the population was still susceptible. On α-naphthyl acetate substrate, the highest absorbance value found in susceptible population to benzoate emamectin (0.773), while the lowest found in Babrik (Ngablak) population  (0.083).
Screening Endophytes of Neem Leaf that Potential Anti-Anthrax through Tests of Anti Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Ananda Khuzyia Rizqi Triavi , Sunarno Sunarno , Zulfikar Muhamad Fikri , Avisha Hafsah , Nastain Muhamad , Abdullah Ridwan
Published: May 2018

Anthrax is a deadly disease caused by Bacillus antracis that damages the lymphatic and vascular systems of animals and humans. Anthrax prevention in Indonesia has been done but has many shortcomings among them is a lot of dead animal raises after vaccination and relatively expensive. The azadirachtin bioactive compound produced by neem endophytic microbes is known to inhibit the growth of B. anthracis bacteria, thus potentially as an anti-anthrax agent. Other bacteria that have the same pathogens as B. antrachis are Methycillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) so that it is used as a research object. The aim of this research is to obtain the active biomaterials from selected neem leaf endophytes to be tested in S. aureus MRSA as bacteria with Anthrax pathogens. The method used in this research is the isolation, selection, and extraction of Neem  endophytes. The process of isolation is done by growing on the general media and the selection process on special media. The bioactive extraction process uses 1000 rpm centrifuge and screening on MRSA culture medium. Inhibitory zone tests were used to determine the effect of endophytic biopsy in inhibiting MRSA growth. The result of the research is that the bioactive endophytes of neem are able to inhibit MRSA growth which is characterized by the formation of drag zone around the endophytic bioactive. Thus it can be concluded that the use of neem endophytes can be a new solution to eradicate the presence of anthrax disease in the livestock and people in Indonesia with safe research methods, relatively inexpensive and ineffective vaccine replacements.
Application of Snakehead Fish to Increase Liver Function of Rats after Experiencing Physiological Stress
Authors: Sunarno Sunarno , Mardiati Siti Muflichatun , Rahadian Rully
Published: May 2018

Physiological stress due to nutritional deficiency accompanied by excessive activity can cause problems of energy deficiency required by the body. Energy shortage can affect the body weight, as well as the weight and histology of the liver. This study was conducted to examine and analyze the effect of snakehead fish meat supplementation in feed toward body weight, weight and hepatic histology in animals experiencing physiological stress. This study used 20 male Wistar rats consisting of 5 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment in this study consisted of control (P0) and treatment (P1: 5%, P2: 10%, P3: 15%, P4: 20%) groups. This research used Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The variables measured in this study were body weight, hepatic weight, central venous diameter and hepatocytes in the test animals. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level and continued with Duncan test with 5% significance. The result of data analysis showed that fish snakehead fish supplementation in feed gave a significant effect to body weight, weight and histology of animal liver. Concentrations of snakehead fish supplements can increase the body weight, hepatic weight, and hepatic histology which was indicated by higher central venous and hepatocyte diameter values compared to other controls and treatments. The conclusion of this research is the provision of snakehead fish supplement (Channia striata) can increase the body weight, hepatic weight, central venous and hepatocytes diameter of Wistar rats with the most influential concentration of 20%. This evidence is useful in studying the mechanism of liver repair due to stress
Peri-ovarian adipose tissue contributes to intraovarian control during folliculogenesis in mice
Authors: Yang Liuhong , Chen Lei , Lu Xiaosheng , Tan Anni , Chen Yao , Li Yalan , Peng Xuemei , Yuan Shaochun , Cai Dongqing , Yu Yanhong
Published: May 2018

Peri-ovarian adipose tissue (POAT) is a kind of intra-abdominal white adipose tissue that is present surrounding the ovaries in rodents. Recent studies demonstrated that POAT-deficient mice displayed a phenotype of delayed antral follicular development, for which decreases in serum estrogen, serum FSH and FSHR levels were responsible. However, folliculogenesis is regulated by endocrine signals and also modulated by a number of locally produced intraovarian factors whose acts are both autocrine and paracrine. Here, we used a model of surgical removal of POAT unilaterally and contralateral ovaries as controls, as both were under the same endocrine control, to assess the paracrine effect of the POAT on folliculogenesis. Surgical removal of unilateral POAT resulted in delayed antral follicular development and the increased number of atretic follicles, accompanied by decreased levels of intraovarian adipokines and growth factors, lipid accumulation and steroidogenic enzyme expression. POAT-deficient ovaries displayed compensatory increased expressions of intraovarian genes, such asVegfandAdpnfor angiogenesis,Acc,Fasn, andGapdhinvolved in lipogenesis andFshrin response to FSH stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that removal of POAT promoted follicular apoptosis, caused retention of cytoplasmic YAP and inhibited PTEN-AKT-mTOR activation. These alterations were observed only in the POAT-deficient ovaries but not in the contralateral ovaries (with POAT), which suggests that a paracrine interaction between POAT and ovaries is important for normal folliculogenesis.
Effects of micronutrients on placental function: evidence from clinical studies to animal models
Authors: Baker Bernadette C , Hayes Dexter JL , Jones Rebecca L
Published: May 2018

Micronutrient deficiencies are common in pregnant women due to low dietary intake and increased requirements for fetal development. Low maternal micronutrient status is associated with a range of pregnancy pathologies involving placental dysfunction, including fetal growth restriction (FGR), small-for-gestational age (SGA), pre-eclampsia and preterm birth. However, clinical trials commonly fail to convincingly demonstrate beneficial effects of supplementation of individual micronutrients, attributed to heterogeneity and insufficient power, potential interactions and lack of mechanistic knowledge of effects on the placenta. We aimed to provide current evidence of relationships between selected micronutrients (vitamin D, vitamin A, iron, folate, vitamin B12) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, combined with understanding of actions on the placenta. Following a systematic literature search, we reviewed data from clinical,in vitroandin vivostudies of micronutrient deficiency and supplementation. Key findings are potential effects of micronutrient deficiencies on placental development and function, leading to impaired fetal growth. Studies in human trophoblast cells and rodent models provide insights into underpinning mechanisms. Interestingly, there is emerging evidence that deficiencies in all micronutrients examined induce a pro-inflammatory state in the placenta, drawing parallels with the inflammation detected in FGR, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth and preterm birth. Beneficial effects of supplementation are apparentin vitroand in animal models and for combined micronutrients in clinical studies. However, greater understanding of the roles of these micronutrients, and insight into their involvement in placental dysfunction, combined with more robust clinical studies, is needed to fully ascertain the potential benefits of supplementation in pregnancy.
El comportamiento entre hombres y mujeres: objetividad y prejuicios en la narrativa de Suso de Toro.
Authors: Vezzaro Giulia
Published: May 2018

El comportamiento entre hombres y mujeres es una problemática que afecta tanto a la sociedad, que ha derivado en un tema muy controvertido, tratado no sólo por los medios de comunicación de masa, sino por muchos escritores y escritoras contemporáneos. Un autor como Suso de Toro (Santiago de Compostela, 1956) que, con su mirada de cámara, se ha ocupado de observar las enfermedades que corrompen el mundo moderno, no podía quedarse al margen; por esta razón este trabajo pretende, partiendo de las consideraciones personales del autor santiagués y pasando por un pequeño análisis de sus publicaciones, presentar la dinámica que se desarrolla entre hombres y mujeres en su obra narrativa y las distintas visiones que ambos sexos tienen respectivamente el uno del otro.
Maria Cândida Mendonça, uma autora de poemas breves para a infância
Authors: Silva Sara Raquel Duarte Reis da
Published: May 2018

Neste estudo, reflecte-se primeiramente acerca da relevância da História da Literatura, do esclarecimento de alguns dos seus “pontos nodais” e do papel fundamental do seu conhecimento, co-relacionada com a Filologia, no âmbito de uma educação literária. De seguida, analisa-se, em pormenor, a produção literária integral de Maria Cândida Mendonça (1930-1997), procurando dilucidar o seu lugar na Literatura Portuguesa para a Infância. Autora de um conjunto relativamente restrito – mas interessante – de títulos, uns situados no domínio da narrativa/prosa e outros no da poesia, todos publicados com a chancela da Plátano Editora, em colecções que, à data de edição, possuíram um importante papel, Maria Cândida Mendonça é uma das autoras que lamentavelmente parece integrar o grupo das “femmes oubliées” da literatura e das artes portuguesas.
The Effect of Strong Purifying Selection on Genetic Diversity
Authors: Cvijović Ivana , Good Benjamin H , Desai Michael M
Published: May 2018

Negative selection is a ubiquitous evolutionary force, but its effects on diversity in large samples are poorly understood. Cvijović, Good, and Desai obtain simple analytical expressions for the whole population site frequency spectrum....

Purifying selection reduces genetic diversity, both at sites under direct selection and at linked neutral sites. This process, known as background selection, is thought to play an important role in shaping genomic diversity in natural populations. Yet despite its importance, the effects of background selection are not fully understood. Previous theoretical analyses of this process have taken a backward-time approach based on the structured coalescent. While they provide some insight, these methods are either limited to very small samples or are computationally prohibitive. Here, we present a new forward-time analysis of the trajectories of both neutral and deleterious mutations at a nonrecombining locus. We find that strong purifying selection leads to remarkably rich dynamics: neutral mutations can exhibit sweep-like behavior, and deleterious mutations can reach substantial frequencies even when they are guaranteed to eventually go extinct. Our analysis of these dynamics allows us to calculate analytical expressions for the full site frequency spectrum. We find that whenever background selection is strong enough to lead to a reduction in genetic diversity, it also results in substantial distortions to the site frequency spectrum, which can mimic the effects of population expansions or positive selection. Because these distortions are most pronounced in the low and high frequency ends of the spectrum, they become particularly important in larger samples, but may have small effects in smaller samples. We also apply our forward-time framework to calculate other quantities, such as the ultimate fates of polymorphisms or the fitnesses of their ancestral backgrounds.
Pensando la educación en derechos humanos desde una mirada ética y controversial
Authors: Magendzo Abraham , Bermúdez Ángela
Published: May 2018

Este artículo incursiona en la relación entre la educación en derechos humanos y la ética en una perspectiva controversial. Es una orientación que se propone formar ciudadanos activos y participativos en una democracia pluralista. Se plantean tres principios éticos fundamentales que permiten enseñar los derechos humanos a través de la controversia: Los derechos humanos: una ética global, Los derechos humanos: una ética de los mínimos, Derechos humanos y pluralismo moral. El artículo se propone vincular la educación en derechos humanos con la pedagogía crítica-dialógica. En esta perspectiva se identifican cuatro herramientas de la indagación crítica que sirven para desarrollar diferentes dimensiones de una comprensión crítica en el ámbito social: el planteamiento del problema; el escepticismo reflexivo; la multiperspectividad y el pensamiento sistémico.
El asilo diplomático: de Haya de la Torre a los asilados del caso “WikiLeaks”
Authors: Vázquez Agustina
Published: May 2018

El creador de WikiLeaks no solo representa un reto a la libertad de información, sino también al Derecho Internacional referido al asilo diplomático. Julian Assange se encuentra en la embajada ecuatoriana en Londres desde hace ya cinco años. Es las últimas semanas, se conoció que Suecia ha dejado de solicitar su extradición, hecho que originó gran parte del caso en estudio. Su situación pareciera ser diametralmente distinta a la de Edward Snowden; sin embargo, ambos son etiquetados como “refugiados por motivos políticos”. Mientras que uno aguarda una mejora en su suerte en la embajada ecuatoriana en Londres, otro continúa en Rusia. ¿Es el asilo diplomático una praxis habitual? ¿Cómo se entiende el asilo diplomático en América Latina? ¿Y en Inglaterra? El análisis de este trabajo partirá desde la asunción que el concepto de asilo no es reconocido como una práctica universal del Derecho Internacional. No obstante, en América Latina pareciera una praxis habitual desde el fallo de la Corte Internacional de Justicia sobre el caso Haya de la Torre.
Derechos humanos, cultura y literatura. Un ejemplo en la narrativa de denuncia social latinoamericana
Authors: Guaraglia Malvina
Published: May 2018

Siguiendo la propuesta teórica de Amartya Sen de considerar los derechos humanos como demandas de carácter ético capaces de articular un tipo particular de reciprocidad moral, el artículo se propone profundizar en la idea de los derechos humanos como artefactos culturales inseparables de la esfera pública y de sus lógicas de creación y legitimación de identidades sociales y políticas. Para ello, retoma los avances de un campo reciente de investigación que indaga las relaciones entre la literatura y los derechos humanos y discute luego sus posibilidades para el caso de la literatura latinoamericana. A través del análisis de cuatro novelas, pertenecientes a la narrativa de denuncia social de mitades del siglo XX, el artículo muestra la forma en que el discurso literario ha estado involucrado en la promoción y expansión de los derechos humanos y en la defensa de nuevos sujetos de derechos. Al estudiar la manera en que estas ficciones construyen argumentos a favor de la ampliación del espacio político y de una reorganización más equitativa de la comunidad nacional, el artículo apuesta a contribuir a una mejor comprensión, tanto de la forma en que los derechos humanos se integran y afianzan en otros discursos, como del papel clave que la literatura pretendió tener en la construcción de una ética democrática en los Estados nacionales latinoamericanos.
Estado confesional y derechos humanos en Costa Rica
Authors: Alpízar Jiménez Idalia
Published: May 2018

En el presente trabajo se hace una aproximación histórica al tema del Estado confesional en Costa Rica dentro del marco de los derechos humanos; analizando el contexto desde el momento en que se dieron los primeros pasos de conquista y colonización, y el papel que desempeñaron los evangelizadores al lado de los colonizadores españoles. Se analiza el papel que cumplió la Iglesia católica dentro del proceso de formación del Estado Nacional y los beneficios que usufructuó esta a raíz de dicho vínculo. Se hace una valoración de las implicaciones en materia de derechos humanos que han tenido este tipo de prácticas en la sociedad costarricense, para lo cual se recurrió a los proyectos de ley presentados por el Movimiento por un Estado Laico en Costa Rica, orientados a eliminar el artículo 75 y la modificación del artículo 175 de la Constitución Política.
Tensiones y desafíos en torno a la exigibilidad de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales en Argentina a la luz de los acontecimientos recientes
Authors: Pérez Agustina
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo problematiza en torno a los mitos y las verdades entre derechos civiles y políticos y derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, especialmente en lo que respecta a su exigibilidad judicial. Para ello hace un recorrido normativo acerca de cómo ambos “grupos” de derechos se han ido construyendo a lo largo del tiempo, para pasar a un análisis detallado sobre las principales tendencias doctrinarias y jurisprudenciales en la materia. A su vez, traza un paralelismo entre distintas teorías de exigibilidad y concepciones de la democracia. Por último, hace énfasis en las circunstancias actuales de la institucionalidad argentina que ponen en juego tanto la exigibilidad de los DESC en el ámbito doméstico como el liderazgo del país en la materia en términos regionales.
Improvement of methods of estimating the change in the ecological state of soils under the influence of external loads
Authors: Kholodna A. , Desiatnyk K.
Published: May 2018

Aim. The aim of this work is to optimize and facilitate current methods of ecological diagnostics of soils of different genesis under the infl uence of various external loads. Methods. Laboratory-modelling (physical- chemical, biological): determination of acid-base buffer ability of soil (DSTU 4456:2005); determination of the activity of calcium ions (DSTU 4725:2008); determination of the activity of protease was performed by modifi ed Mishustin’s method. Results. The methods, proposed by us, speed up the ecological diagnostics of soils considerably regardless of their origin and external factors. This facilitates monitoring of soil resources and reveals the factors that infl uence the course of soil processes negatively or positively. These methods have already become the basis of “Methodology of operational diagnostics of the infl uence of natural and anthropo- genic loads on the functional stability of acid soils”. The proposed methods can be used not only by the scien- tists of specialized scientifi c
institutions, but also by farmers (in case of available minimal instrumental equip- ment). Conclusions. A modifi ed photoautography method has been developed on the basis of the laboratory of hydromorphic and acid soils fertility of the NSC ISSAR named after O.N. Sokolovsky, NAAS of Ukraine, for the determination of enzymatic activity by the parameters of the protease enzyme. The abovementioned tech- nology is based on Mishustin’s method of determining protease activity. In addition, this method may be used to determine the rate of protease action in different soils under various tillage conditions and under different loads. The diagnostics of acid-base state of soils by ion-selective methods with the determination of the levels of activity of calcium ion and soil pH, modeling of the loads on soils (natural and anthropogenic), determina- tion of acid-base buffer capacity change of soil under the infl uence of loads and determination of biological activity due to the activity of protease allow to determine
the functional stability of each soil in rather a short period of time in order to further increase/maintain it. As the fi nal stage of the diagnostics, we proposed a for- mula of calculating the coeffi cient of functional stability of soils (K f.st.), based on their genetic features. It is also very important that this scientifi c development does not require high fi nancial costs, and gives the fullest possible picture of the soil state in the current period.
Safety of Oral Propranolol for Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Droitcourt Catherine , Kerbrat Sandrine , Rault Caroline , Botrel Marie-Anne , Happe André , Garlantezec Ronan , Guillot Bernard , Schleich Jean-Marc , Oger Emmanuel , Dupuy Alain
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVES:

The safety of oral propranolol for infantile hemangioma has not yet been studied at population level since the pediatric use marketing authorization was obtained in Europe.

METHODS:

A survey of a nationwide, claim-based observational cohort of children <3 years old, with at least 1 delivery of oral propranolol between July 2014 and June 2016, was performed by using the database of the French National Health Insurance system. Standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) were calculated by using, from the same database, a representative random sample of nonexposed subjects. The main outcomes were hospitalizations for cardiovascular (conduction disorders, bradycardia, and hypotension), respiratory (bronchial hyperactivity and bronchospasm), or metabolic events (hypoglycemia and hyperkalaemia), identified through the hospitalization diagnostic codes of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. The main analysis was conducted separately on “healthy” children (N = 1484), that is, free from of any prespecified underlying disease and on children with 1 of these underlying diseases (N = 269).

RESULTS:

In all, 1753 patients <3 years of age had at least 2 deliveries of oral propranolol. In the healthy population, we observed 2 cardiovascular events (SMR = 2.8 [0–6.7]), 51 respiratory events (SMR = 1.7 [1.2–2.1]), and 3 metabolic events (SMR = 5.1 [0–10.9]). In the population with an underlying disease (mainly congenital heart disease), we observed 11 cardiovascular events leading to an SMR of 6.0 (2.5–9.6). SMRs were not significantly raised for respiratory or metabolic events in this “nonhealthy” population.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study on a large continuous nationwide claims database, we confirm the safety profile of oral propranolol in healthy children to be good.
Determinación de metales pesados en humos metálicos presentes en ambientes informales de trabajo dedicados a la soldadura
Authors: Puello Silva Jorge , León Méndez Glicerio , Gómez Marrugo Diana , Muñoz Monroy Heidi , Blanco Herrera Loraine
Published: May 2018

La industria metalmecánica, en especial los procesos de soldadura, es una de las de mayoractividad económica a escala mundial. La transformación y unión de piezas metálicasse emplean en muchas actividades laborales, por ejemplo, la construcción. La soldaduragenera alto grado de riesgo a la salud de los trabajadores debido a la emisión de humosmetálicos, los cuales poseen una variada composición y concentración de metales tantopesados como no pesados. Otros factores de riesgo son el tiempo de exposición y lascondiciones higiénicas de los lugares de trabajo, los cuales pueden influenciar para queestos efectos sean agudos o crónicos. Algunos de estos abarcan desde afecciones localescomo dolores, fatigas, fiebre, hasta esterilidad y, en caso grave, aumenta el riesgo depadecer de cáncer. Con el fin de establecer el riesgo de exposición a metales, este estudioexploratorio evaluó las concentraciones de arsénico (As), cromo (Cr), manganeso(Mn) y plomo (Pb) en 15 empresas en ambientes dedicadas a la soldadura. Como resultadose hallaron valores elevados de Pb, en 13 lugares justo por debajo del valor límiteumbral (TLV) de 0,05 mg Pb/m3 de aire y dos por encima del mismo. Mientras quepara el Mn, los valores hallados se encuentran por debajo de su TLV (0,2 mg/m3), y losniveles de As y Cr se encuentran muy por debajo de los permitidos. Aun así, la variedad de metales y sus concentraciones en el aire pueden generar posibles afecciones a la saluda mediano y largo plazo. Por lo anterior, se evidencia un inminente riesgo para la saludde los trabajadores dedicados a la soldadura expuestos por los efectos individuales ocombinado de los metales inhalados en sus humos.
A educação e a tarefa de formação da cultura, da solidariedade e da personalidade
Authors: Casagrande Cledes Antonio , Boufleuer José Pedro
Published: May 2018

Este artigo discute, a partir da teoria do agir comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas, o papel da formação escolar diante das tarefas de apropriação e de reconstrução do saber cultural, de desenvolvimento dos laços de solidariedade e de estabilização de uma identidade pessoal. Argumenta-se que os processos de aprendizagem possuem papel fundamental na manutenção e na reprodução dos componentes estruturais do mundo da vida – cultura, sociedade e personalidade. Por conseguinte, cabe à instituição escolar avaliar e orientar os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem na perspectiva da compreensão da estrutura simbólica do conhecimento, da necessária reconstrução dos saberes culturais e da formação à responsabilidade e à solidariedade, bem como auxiliar na formação de identidades pessoais mais descentradas e mais condizentes com os desafios do mundo atual.
A docência na Educação Superior e a constituição da professoralidade
Authors: Ramirez Vera Lucia
Published: May 2018

O artigo apresenta reflexões decorrentes de uma pesquisa, tipo estudo de caso, que focalizam a formação continuada em serviço dos docentes universitários que atuam numa universidade comunitária. Fundamenta-se na concepção da constituição da professoralidade como um processo contínuo ao longo da trajetória de vida pessoal-profissional do docente. Defende que a formação continuada deve ser gestada, considerando-se o contexto, os saberes, as demandas formativas e o protagonismo daqueles a quem se destina. Indica a abertura de espaços, tempos e mecanismos que viabilizem aos docentes externalizar suas necessidades e expectativas, e compartilhar conhecimentos e práticas pedagógicas. Aponta para os processos de autoformação e heteroformação como possibilidades para a consolidação de comunidades colaborativas de aprendizagem.
Docência na Educação Superior: a professoralidade em construção
Authors: Da Cunha Maria Isabel
Published: May 2018

O texto analisa as condições da docência e, em especial, a que tem a Educação Superior como cenário. Afirma que o papel social da escola, em diferentes tempos e contextos, produz o perfil desejado para o professor. Toma a perspectiva epistemológica e seus efeitos sobre as práticas pedagógicas e sobre os currículos acadêmicos. Sustenta a importância de uma ruptura com as bases da ciência moderna para poder responder às exigências da sociedade contemporânea. Analisa a identidade docente como pressuposto da professoralidade, compreendida como a profissão em ação. Relaciona a satisfação docente que envolve as dimensões organizacionais e pessoais. Defende a responsabilidade das instituições e das políticas públicas na produção de uma docência sustentada na formação profissional e coletiva, no contexto de uma pedagogia universitária que responda às demandas emergentes.
Apresentação
Authors: Santos Bettina Steren dos , Spagnolo Carla
Published: May 2018

Dossiê - A construção da profissionalidade docente:a pessoa em formação
El arrendamiento del diezmo y la importancia social de los hacendados arrendatarios en el valle de Toluca, según los protocolos de la Notaría No. 1 de Toluca, 1650-1700
Authors: Bribiesca Sumano María Elena , Flores García Georgina , Arellano González Marcela Janette
Published: May 2018

El establecimiento de la Nueva España, dio lugar al surgimiento de una economía, que se desarrolló de manera independiente a la Corona española. En general se trató de hacer del virreinato un modelo parecido al de la Península Ibérica, sin embargo, diversos factores impidieron la aplicación de una calca perfecta, y por el contrario, dieron lugar a nuevas actividades económicas adecuadas al mundo novohispano. Una de estas fue el arrendamiento del diezmo, al que la iglesia católica tuvo que recurrir el período virreinal. A su vez, ésta estuvo estrechamente relacionada a la actividad agrícola, que dio origen a la hacienda novohispana. Hablar de diezmos y agricultura, implica hablar de estos dos actores económicos fundamentales para el entendimiento de la estructura novohispana, muestra de ello es que para la segunda mitad del siglo XVII, la institución eclesiástica y la estructura hacendaria se encontraban plenamente consolidadas, ostentando poder e influencia económica y social. En este artículo se presenta un balance historiográfico sobre las haciendas en el valle de Toluca y la dinámica del arrendamiento del diezmo, que busca establecer los primeros derroteros para una investigación que explique la estrecha relación entre la iglesia y los hacendados novohispanos a través de dicha actividad.
Las bases de datos como herramienta para la investigación histórica
Authors: Malavassi Aguilar Ana Paulina
Published: May 2018

El propósito de estas notas introductorias consiste en presentar someramente las bondades y las posibles limitaciones que implica el uso de bases de datos para la investigación histórica, para finalizar exponiendo, in extenso, un producto construido con base en el levantamiento de diversas fuentes primarias.
Curva de crecimiento poblacional de Spodoptera frugiperda en maíz en Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
Authors: Martínez Jaime Oscar Alejandro , Salas Araiza Manuel Darío , Díaz García José Antonio
Published: May 2018

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. The objective of the study was to obtain the population growth curve (and its estimation) of the adults of S. frugiperda in the maize crop in Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. Applying the multiple regression technique, the functional form of a third-degree polynomial was obtained, in terms of temperature and precipitation, using the monthly averages available from 1993 to 2002. The estimated equation was: Y = 821.347 – 104.728T + 2.737P + 3.448T2 – 0.019P2 – 0.180TP + 0.001TP2 (1), where T was the average monthly mean temperature, P was the average monthly accumulated precipitation, and Y was the average of adults of S. frugiperda per month. In addition, using standard mathematical programming techniques, the critical temperature and the critical precipitation were calculated (T=13.70 °C, P=38.70 mm) obtaining the average of maximum number of individuals of this specie per month, which was 39 adults. The prediction model (1) provided information to reach deep understanding of the fluctuation of this species population, and contributed, therefore, to make the integrated pest management in maize crop more efficient, in the region of “El Bajío” of Guanajuato.
Crecimiento y rendimiento del pepino holandés en ambiente protegido y con sustratos orgánicos alternativos
Authors: Meneses Fernández Cinthya , Quesada Roldán Gustavo
Published: May 2018

The replacement of imported substrates by local materials is a trend in severaltechnifiedproduction systems, given the cost reduction and the importance of agricultural by-products, formerly considered to be waste. The main objective of this work was to validate the effect of different substrates on the growth and productivity of Dutch cucumber plants under greenhouse conditions. The study took place from October 2012 to January 2013, at the Agricultural Experiment Station Fabio Baudrit, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Variety Fuerte was used and four mixed substrates (volume ratio) made of local raw materials as coconut fiber (FC), oil palm leaf fiber (FP), organic compost (ABO), and sawdust (AS) as well as a commercial treatment (control) constituted by coco coir slabs were analyzed. Substrate water content, plant growth (vegetative phase), and yield were evaluated according to commercial size (S, M, L, XL, and rejected). The growth of Dutch cucumber plants, variety Fuerte, was higher on substrates with coconut fiber 40% + oil palm leaf fiber 40% + organic compost 20%, and coconut fiber 70% + organic compost 30%, while yield of the same two substrates was 15.57 and 15.44 kg/m2, respectively. Both treatments were statistically equal to the commercial coco coir substrate slabs with a yield of 14.77 kg/m2. Result attributed to the nutritional contribution of the organic compost (high K, Ca, and Mg) along with and to the effects of aeration and water retention of fibers.