bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Surface Water on Desert Vegetation Expansion at the Landscape Scale: A Case Study of the Daliyabuyi Oasis, Taklamakan Desert
Authors: Li Hao , Shi Qingdong , Wan Yanbo , Shi Haobo , Imin Bilal
Published: August 2021

Surface water is an important factor affecting vegetation change in desert areas. However, little research has been conducted on the effects of surface water on vegetation expansion. In this study, the annual spatial distribution range of vegetation and surface water in the Daliyabuyi Oasis from 1990 to 2020 was extracted using Landsat time-series images. Based on multi-temporal and multi-scale remote sensing images, several plots were selected to demonstrate the process of landform change and vegetation expansion, and the influence of surface water on vegetation expansion was analyzed. The results show that the vegetation distribution and surface water coverage have increased from 1990 to 2020; and surface water is a critical factor that drives the expansion of vegetation. On the one hand, surface water in the study area was essential for reshaping the riparian landform, driving the transformation of dunes into floodplains, and increasing the potential colonization sites for vegetation. However, landform changes ultimately changed the redistribution of surface water, ensuring that enough water and nutrients provided by sediment were available for plant growth. Our study provides a critical reference for the restoration of desert vegetation and the sustainable development of oases.
Changes in Workers’ Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ráthonyi Gergely , Kósa Karolina , Bács Zoltán , Ráthonyi-Ódor Kinga , Füzesi István , Lengyel Péter , Bácsné Bába Éva
Published: August 2021

Background: COVID-19 has changed the world and strongly affected the health of the people and the quality of their life. These changes might impact employees’ physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). This study aimed to summarize the literature focusing on the COVID-19-caused changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior among the adult working population. Methods: Literature searches were conducted in June 2021 using multiple electronic databases. The following keywords and synonyms were used during the searching process: physical activity, sedentary behavior, COVID-19, employee. After the data cleaning process (duplicates, inclusion criteria), the title and the abstract of all manuscripts from the searches were screened independently by two reviewers. Results: Thirty-nine manuscripts were selected as a result of the searching process. Of these, 5 were SB related, 15 were PA related and 19 addressed both PA and SB. There were longitudinal (10), cross-sectional (28) and a case study (1) in the selected manuscripts. The majority of studies were conducted in the USA (6) and Europe (18), and four studies examined the PA and/or SB in multiple countries. The majority (34 studies) of the studies used subjective, self-reported, but mostly before-validated questionnaires. Objective measures were less common and used only 12.8% of the examined studies. Moreover, 76.4% of the studies described an overall decrease in the amount of PA during the COVID-19 pandemic. In three cases, researchers observed an increase in PA among the workers. Five studies reported no significant changes in the amount of PA during the pandemic. As far as SB is concerned, 18 out of 24 of the studies reported an overall increase in the amount of SB between the two periods. Four manuscripts reported no significant change in the amount of SB, and there was only one manuscript in the examined studies that reported an overall decrease in the SB time before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: There is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdown and work from home (WFH) policies, impaired the PA and SB level of the populations. This period has delivered an important message for the adult working population as well. They should be as active as possible and avoid high levels of SB and uninterrupted sitting time. Therefore, organizations, policies and public health bodies should motivate workers, especially office workers, to be more active and interventions must be developed to mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19 on PA and SB.
Simulation and Analysis of Land Use Changes Applying Cellular Automata in the South of Quito and the Machachi Valley, Province of Pichincha, Ecuador
Authors: Ulloa-Espíndola René , Martín-Fernández Susana
Published: August 2021

Rapid urban growth has historically led to changes in land use patterns and the degradation of natural resources and the urban environment. Uncontrolled growth of urban areas in the city of Quito has continued to the present day since 1960s, aggravated by illegal or irregular new settlements. The main objective of this paper is to generate spatial predictions of these types of urban settlements and land use changes in 2023, 2028 and 2038, applying the Dinamica EGO cellular automata and multivariable software. The study area was the Machachi Valley between the south of the city of Quito and the rural localities of Alóag and Machachi. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the model and its applicability, thanks to the use of 15 social, physical and climate predictors and the validation process. The analysis of the land use changes throughout the study area shows that urban land use will undergo the greatest net increase. Growth in the south of Quito is predicted to increase by as much as 35% between 2018 and 2038 where new highly vulnerable urban settlements can appear. Native forests in the Andes and forest plantations are expected to decline in the study area due to their substitution by shrub vegetation or agriculture and livestock land use. The implementation of policies to control the land market and protect natural areas could help to mitigate the continuous deterioration of urban and forest areas.
Can Leaders’ Humility Enhance Project Management Effectiveness? Interactive Effect of Top Management Support
Authors: Ali Mudassar , Zhang Li , Zhang Zhenduo , Zada Muhammad , Begum Abida , Han Heesup , Ariza-Montes Antonio , Vega-Muñoz Alejandro
Published: August 2021

This paper aims to explore the effect of humble leadership on project management effectiveness by integrating the mediating role of employee creativity. Top management support moderates the direct (humble leadership and project management effectiveness) and indirect relationships through employee creativity. Time-lagged data were obtained from 332 persons working in a matrix organization on sustainable information technology projects. The results show that humble leadership enhances project management effectiveness by mediating and moderating processes. This study provides a solution to an underlying research question that has gone unanswered in prior studies. What are the strategies proposed for humble leadership in fostering the effectiveness of project management?
Developing and Validating a Behavioural Model of Cyberinsurance Adoption
Authors: Branley-Bell Dawn , Gómez Yolanda , Coventry Lynne , Vila José , Briggs Pam
Published: August 2021

Business disruption from cyberattacks is a growing concern, yet cyberinsurance uptake remains low. Using an online behavioural economics experiment with 4800 participants across four EU countries, this study tests a predictive model of cyberinsurance adoption, incorporating elements of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as well as factors in relation to risk propensity and price. During the experiment, participants were given the opportunity to purchase different cybersecurity measures and cyberinsurance products before performing an online task. Participants likelihood of suffering a cyberattack was dependent upon their adoption of cybersecurity measures and their behaviour during the online task. The consequences of any attack were dependent upon the participants insurance decisions. Structural equation modelling was applied and the model was further developed to include elements of the wider security ecosystem. The final model shows that all TPB factors, and response efficacy from the PMT, positively predicted adoption of premium cyberinsurance. Interestingly, adoption of cybersecurity measures was associated with safer behaviour online, contrary to concerns of “moral hazard”. The findings highlight the need to consider the larger cybersecurity ecosystem when designing interventions to increase adoption of cyberinsurance and/or promote more secure online behaviour.
A Cross-Destination Analysis of Country Image: A Key Factor of Tourism Marketing
Authors: Marinao-Artigas Enrique , Barajas-Portas Karla
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to check whether the image of a country can be configured by the interaction of cognitive and emotional experiences with the functional, hedonic, and symbolic benefits perceived by the visitor. It is intended to verify whether this multidimensional image facilitates the connection between people’s familiarity with the country, its reputation, and their satisfaction. A non-probabilistic convenience sample has been used. An online questionnaire has been applied. In total, 1812 valid answers have been obtained. Through a structural equations model (SEM), the quantitative analysis has been developed. This study revealed that the country’s image has a multidimensional configuration that positively connects people’s familiarity with a country with its reputation and with visitor satisfaction. This proposed new approach to configure the image of a country based on its visitors can be a key tool for implementing destination marketing strategies.
Role of Agricultural Diversification in Improving Resilience to Climate Change: An Empirical Analysis with Gaussian Paradigm
Authors: Kiani Adiqa Kausar , Sardar Asif , Khan Wasim Ullah , He Yigang , Bilgic Abdulbaki , Kuslu Yasemin , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor
Published: August 2021

Agricultural diversification efforts towards sustainable agriculture generates environmental and economic benefits. Climate change and agricultural production are characterized by a complex cause-effect relationship. In the present study, the primary dataset is collected through an interview-based survey from 410 farmers in 3 districts located in different agro-ecological zones of Punjab, Pakistan. Detailed analysis is conducted by employing the Gaussian treatment effects approach. Results of the study show that the farmers who adopted agricultural diversification to mitigate the impact of climate change were less and insignificantly benefited e.g., on an average of RS 95,260 (US $635) per annum whereas non-adopted farmers lost their farm income on an average of RS 115,750 (US $772) per annum if they had practiced the agricultural diversification. Moreover, determinants of agricultural diversification such as demographic and institutional indicators were significant and larger effects to adopt as compared to social indicators. This study suggests that policies should be designed in the regional context particularly related to the improvement in demographic characteristics and institutional factors such as providing subsidies, training, and awareness to the farmers, particularly to those who practice agricultural diversification. These measures will help to raise the farmers’ adaptive capacity for the adoption of agricultural diversification, and it will enable them to generate tangible benefits by increasing income through adopting sustainable agricultural livelihood.
European Integral Urban Policies from a Gender Perspective. Gender-Sensitive Measures, Transversality and Gender Approaches
Authors: Rodríguez-García María Jesús , Donati Francesca
Published: August 2021

Integrated policy strategies represent an increasingly popular approach in urban development and gender policies. This article analyses the integration between integral urban policies and gender mainstreaming in the European Union. A specific analytical proposal is elaborated and applied to urban policies promoted by the EU in Spain between 1994 and 2013. The Comparative Urban Policy Portfolio Analysis is used to study the inclusion of gender-sensitive policy measures in local project portfolios, their transversality across policy sectors, and the relevance of two main approaches to analyse them. The results show that integral urban development programmes have incorporated gender-sensitive policy measures. Results also show a low level of transversality focused mainly on social integration, although they combine objectives focused on a women-centred approach to classical areas of gender inequality affecting women, i.e., employment, education, health, and a gender approach focused on new welfare challenges linked to care and defamilisation. These results show the relevance of analysing gender approaches included in integral urban policies to comprehend the character of their gender mainstreaming and their potential effects on more gender-equal cities.
Physical Activity of the Right- and Left-Footed Professional Soccer Players from Symmetrical Defensive Positions
Authors: Konefał Marek , Andrzejewski Marcin , Chmura Paweł , Zacharko Michał , Radzimiński Łukasz
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of this study was to compare the physical match performance of right- and left-footed external defenders during official matches of Polish Ekstraklasa. The sample comprised 991 individual observations from 296 matches during the 2019/2020 season. Variables such as total distance, distance covered in high-speed running and sprinting, and number of high-intensity runs were analysed. Additionally, the data were presented in relation to match duration and effective playing time. Right external defenders (right ED) covered significantly longer total distance (p < 0.001, 1.5%), high-speed running distance (p < 0.001, 5.6%) and sprinting distance (p < 0.001, 11.4%) compared to left external defenders (left ED). The number of high-intensity runs was greater for right RD as well (p < 0.001, 6.4%). Physical match activity for left ED who are left-footed was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in comparison with right-footed left ED. The number of offensive actions played on the right side of the pitch was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than those performed on the left side. Players whose dominant foot is in accordance with the side of the pitch cover longer distances during the match. Moreover, the number of offensive actions played through the wings could affect the physical performance of external defenders.
On Special Differential Subordinations Using Fractional Integral of Sălăgean and Ruscheweyh Operators
Authors: Alb Lupaş Alina , Oros Georgia Irina
Published: August 2021

In the present paper, a new operator denoted by Dz−λLαn is defined by using the fractional integral of Sălăgean and Ruscheweyh operators. By means of the newly obtained operator, the subclass Snδ,α,λ of analytic functions in the unit disc is introduced, and various properties and characteristics of this class are derived by applying techniques specific to the differential subordination concept. By studying the operator Dz−λLαn, some interesting differential subordinations are also given.
Push–Pull Effect on the Gas-Phase Basicity of Nitriles: Transmission of the Resonance Effects by Methylenecyclopropene and Cyclopropenimine π-Systems Substituted by Two Identical Strong Electron Donors
Authors: Raczyńska Ewa D. , Gal Jean-François , Maria Pierre-Charles , Saeidian Hamid
Published: August 2021

The gas-phase basicity of nitriles can be enhanced by a push–pull effect. The role of the intercalated scaffold between the pushing group (electron-donor) and the pulling (electron-acceptor) nitrile group is crucial in the basicity enhancement, simultaneously having a transmission function and an intrinsic contribution to the basicity. In this study, we examine the methylenecyclopropene and the N-analog, cyclopropenimine, as the smallest cyclic π systems that can be considered for resonance propagation in a push–pull system, as well as their derivatives possessing two strong pushing groups (X) attached symmetrically to the cyclopropene scaffold. For basicity and push–pull effect investigations, we apply theoretical methods (DFT and G2). The effects of geometrical and rotational isomerism on the basicity are explored. We establish that the protonation of the cyano group is always favored. The push–pull effect of strong electron donor X substituents is very similar and the two π-systems appear to be good relays for this effect. The effects of groups in the two cyclopropene series are found to be proportional to the effects in the directly substituted nitrile series X–C≡N. In parallel to the basicity, changes in electron delocalization caused by protonation are also assessed on the basis of aromaticity indices. The calculated proton affinities of the nitrile series reported in this study enrich the gas-phase basicity scale of nitriles to around 1000 kJ mol−1.
Clustering and Classification Based on Distributed Automatic Feature Engineering for Customer Segmentation
Authors: Lee Zne-Jung , Lee Chou-Yuan , Chang Li-Yun , Sano Natsuki
Published: August 2021

To beat competition and obtain valuable information, decision-makers must conduct in-depth machine learning or data mining for data analytics. Traditionally, clustering and classification are two common methods used in machine mining. For clustering, data are divided into various groups according to the similarity or common features. On the other hand, classification refers to building a model by given training data, where the target class or label is predicted for the test data. In recent years, many researchers focus on the hybrid of clustering and classification. These techniques have admirable achievements, but there is still room to ameliorate performances, such as distributed process. Therefore, we propose clustering and classification based on distributed automatic feature engineering (AFE) for customer segmentation in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, AFE uses artificial bee colony (ABC) to select valuable features of input data, and then RFM provides the basic data analytics. In AFE, it first initializes the number of cluster k. Moreover, the clustering methods of k-means, Wald method, and fuzzy c-means (FCM) are processed to cluster the examples in variant groups. Finally, the classification method of an improved fuzzy decision tree classifies the target data and generates decision rules for explaining the detail situations. AFE also determines the value of the split number in the improved fuzzy decision tree to increase classification accuracy. The proposed clustering and classification based on automatic feature engineering is distributed, performed in Apache Spark platform. The topic of this paper is about solving the problem of clustering and classification for machine learning. From the results, the corresponding classification accuracy outperforms other approaches. Moreover, we also provide useful strategies and decision rules from data analytics for decision-makers.
Wearable Actuators: An Overview
Authors: Chen Yu , Yang Yiduo , Li Mengjiao , Chen Erdong , Mu Weilei , Fisher Rosie , Yin Rong
Published: August 2021

The booming wearable market and recent advances in material science has led to the rapid development of the various wearable sensors, actuators, and devices that can be worn, embedded in fabric, accessorized, or tattooed directly onto the skin. Wearable actuators, a subcategory of wearable technology, have attracted enormous interest from researchers in various disciplines and many wearable actuators and devices have been developed in the past few decades to assist and improve people’s everyday lives. In this paper, we review the actuation mechanisms, structures, applications, and limitations of recently developed wearable actuators including pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, shape memory alloys and polymers, thermal and hygroscopic materials, dielectric elastomers, ionic and conducting polymers, piezoelectric actuators, electromagnetic actuators, liquid crystal elastomers, etc. Examples of recent applications such as wearable soft robots, haptic devices, and personal thermal regulation textiles are highlighted. Finally, we point out the current bottleneck and suggest the prospective future research directions for wearable actuators.
Mercury Bioaccumulation in Benthic Invertebrates: From Riverine Sediments to Higher Trophic Levels
Authors: Marziali Laura , Roscioli Claudio , Valsecchi Lucia
Published: August 2021

Riverine sediments are important sites of mercury methylation and benthic invertebrates may be indicators of Hg exposure to higher organisms. From 2014 to 2018, sediments and invertebrates were collected along a mercury gradient in the Toce River (Northern Italy) and analyzed for THg and MeHg. Concentrations in invertebrates, separated according to taxon and to Functional Feeding Group, ranged from 20 to 253 µg kg−1 dry weight (d.w.) for THg, increasing from grazers (Leuctra, Baetis, Serratella) to predators (Perla). MeHg ranged from 3 to 88 µg kg−1 d.w. in biota, representing 6–53% of THg, while in sediments it was mostly below LOD (0.7 µg kg−1), accounting for ≤3.8% of THg. The Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF, ranging 0.2–4.6) showed an inverse relation to exposure concentrations (THg in sediments, ranging 0.014–0.403 µg kg−1 d.w.) and to organic carbon. THg in invertebrates (up to 73 µg kg−1 wet weight), i.e., at the basal levels of the aquatic trophic chain, exceeded the European Environmental Quality Standard for biota (20 µg kg−1 w.w.), posing potential risks for top predators. Concentrations in adult insects were close to those in aquatic stages, proving active mercury transfer even to terrestrial food chains.
Cross-Neutralisation of Novel Bombali Virus by Ebola Virus Antibodies and Convalescent Plasma Using an Optimised Pseudotype-Based Neutralisation Assay
Authors: Bentley Emma M. , Richardson Samuel , Derveni Mariliza , Rijal Pramila , Townsend Alain R. , Heeney Jonathan L. , Mattiuzzo Giada , Wright Edward
Published: August 2021

Ebolaviruses continue to pose a significant outbreak threat, and while Ebola virus (EBOV)-specific vaccines and antivirals have been licensed, efforts to develop candidates offering broad species cross-protection are continuing. The use of pseudotyped virus in place of live virus is recognised as an alternative, safer, high-throughput platform to evaluate anti-ebolavirus antibodies towards their development, yet it requires optimisation. Here, we have shown that the target cell line impacts neutralisation assay results and cannot be selected purely based on permissiveness. In expanding the platform to incorporate each of the ebolavirus species envelope glycoprotein, allowing a comprehensive assessment of cross-neutralisation, we found that the recently discovered Bombali virus has a point mutation in the receptor-binding domain which prevents entry into a hamster cell line and, importantly, shows that this virus can be cross-neutralised by EBOV antibodies and convalescent plasma.
Accessibility Barriers and Perceived Accessibility: Implications for Public Transport
Authors: Olsson Lars E. , Friman Margareta , Lättman Katrin
Published: August 2021

The ability to live the life one wants with public transport is one of the key factors of sustainable and inclusive societies. Given the current trend in the transport domain, providing accessible public transport is necessary in order to allow people to participate in their day-to-day activities without using a car. Using survey data obtained from Sweden, this study investigates factors that may have a negative effect on the perceived accessibility of public transportation in major city areas and other areas. Overall, regression analyses show that time and economic resources, organizational and temporal functions, frequent travel by public transport, and geographical context all act as accessibility barriers. These findings highlight the need not only to target increased mobility in urban environments, but also to turn the focus to the citizenry’s perceived accessibility. These findings point to implications for policies, planning and interventions targeted at accessible public transport. Adopting an accessibility-oriented approach to urban development, including the individual perspective, could be a pathway for creating a socially sustainable transport system.
A New Framework for Modelling Fine Sediment Transport in Rivers Includes Flocculation to Inform Reservoir Management in Wildfire Impacted Watersheds
Authors: Stone Micheal , Krishnappan Bommanna G. , Silins Uldis , Emelko Monica B. , Williams Chris H. S. , Collins Adrian L. , Spencer Sheena A.
Published: August 2021

Fine-grained cohesive sediment is the primary vector for nutrient and contaminant redistribution through aquatic systems and is a critical indicator of land disturbance. A critical limitation of most existing sediment transport models is that they assume that the transport characteristics of fine sediment can be described using the same approaches that are used for coarse-grained non-cohesive sediment, thereby ignoring the tendency of fine sediment to flocculate. Here, a modelling framework to simulate flow and fine sediment transport in the Crowsnest River, the Castle River, the Oldman River and the Oldman Reservoir after the 2003 Lost Creek wildfire in Alberta, Canada was developed and validated. It is the first to include explicit description of fine sediment deposition/erosion processes as a function of bed shear stress and the flocculation process. This framework integrates four existing numerical models: MOBED, RIVFLOC, RMA2 and RMA4 using river geometry, flow, fine suspended sediment characteristics and bathymetry data. Sediment concentration and particle size distributions computed by RIVFLOC were used as the upstream boundary condition for the reservoir dispersion model RMA4. The predicted particle size distributions and mass of fine river sediment deposited within various sections of the reservoir indicate that most of the fine sediment generated by the upstream disturbance deposits in the reservoir. Deposition patterns of sediment from wildfire-impacted landscapes were different than those from unburned landscapes because of differences in settling behaviour. These differences may lead to zones of relatively increased internal loading of phosphorus to reservoir water columns, thereby increasing the potential for algae proliferation. In light of the growing threats to water resources globally from wildfire, the generic framework described herein can be used to model propagation of fine river sediment and associated nutrients or contaminants to reservoirs under different flow conditions and land use scenarios. The framework is thereby a valuable tool to support decision making for water resources management and catchment planning.
Major aspects of the organisation of school meals
Authors: Frolova M.A. , Krasavchikova A.P.
Published: August 2021

he article outlines the main problems in the organisation of school meals. Diseases associated with malnutrition of schoolchildren were analysed. The organisation of school meals is considered by the example of individual schools in the city of Kostroma. The parent survey data on school nutrition and healthy lifestyles for their children are described. The reasons for refusal of school meals and parents’ proposals as for the resolution of these issues are identifi ed.
Modern requirements for the organisation of school meals
Authors: Valentinova N.I. , Sharova T.N. , Vasiliyevich N.V.
Published: August 2021

Improvement of school meals organisation is one of the most relevant problems of children's health maintenance. The social signifi cance of catering, an increase in the availability of school lunches for a wider group of schoolchildren, an increase in the percentage of hot meals require a comprehensive approach. In this respect, the following tasks are considered as the most important: improvement of a regulatory framework for school meals organisation, balanced diet for schoolchildren, use of locally produced food, improvement of material and technical resources of school canteens, and use of safe culinary products.
The problems of representation of an employer — individual
Authors: Prasolova I. , Statsenko D.
Published: August 2021

Currently, labor relations with the participation of employers — individuals are widespread. In this regard, the legal status of such an employer and the possibilities of representation in labor relations with his participation are of particular interest. In the article, the authors analyze some questions of representation of the employer — an individual, both having the status of an individual entrepreneur and without it; problematic aspects of the termination of labor relations with the participation of an employer — an individual entrepreneur in the event of his death. Ways have been proposed to improve the labour legislation of the Russian Federation in order to more fully regulate the legal status of the employer — an individual, as well as the direction of the development of law enforcement practice.
Automatisation of scientific researches in land management
Authors: Kuleshov V. A.
Published: August 2021

The article develops some methods of applied mathematics that are traditionally used in the processing of experimental data.
From the agitational agricultural exhibition to the modern exhibition and memorial complex VDNH
Authors: Balashov I.V. , Leventseva E.N. , Kraeva A.A.
Published: August 2021

The authors analyze the history of the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy, which was originally created as an agitational agricultural exhibition. This place overcame several stages of development, and today continues to play an important role in the life of the country. Having emerged as a dream city, embodying an impracticable image of future abundance and happiness, it reflected the scientific and technological achievements of different eras, became a platform for the synthesis of arts, where many artistic, urban, technical and scientific ideas were tested. The article gives the examples of the Stalinist architectural style and a plan of monumental propaganda. The exhibition area has preserved the fragments of an ideal Soviet village, a machine-building station, a livestock town and a Michurin garden.
Evolution of Spanish tax policy (1975-2021)
Authors: Ponedelko Galina Nikolaevna
Published: August 2021

The article considers the evolution of the Spanish tax system during the most important period of its historical development: the transition from Francoism to democracy. As the main economic function of the state, the tax system traditionally reflects its social structure, the nature of economic relations and managerial decisions of the ruling class, fundamental processes of social development. Unlike most European countries, the tax policy of the Spanish state until the last quarter of the 20th century was characterised by extreme anachronism, due to the long existence of Franco’s political system. Spain entered the path of democracy and europeanization of the Franco tax legislation only in the second half of the 70s, having gone through two stages of its modification: from state dirigism to neoliberal model. The main goal of the first stage was declared to achieve a fairer redistribution of the tax burden and narrowing the gap in the level of taxation between the most and the poorest strata of the population in accordance with the democratic principle "who receives the most income pays more to the budget". In the course of the second stage of tax reform the emphasis was done on stimulating business, its innovative, foreign economic and competitive potential, curtailing the functions of the Welfare state. Pandemic Covid-19 sums up the negative consequences of the neoliberal policy, largely due to the existing tax model. Its serious modification is the main direction in the complex of socioeconomic reforms of the Spanish government for the coming years.
Hemoglobinuria in the Early Poststem-Cell–Transplant Period: Risk Factors and Association with Outcomes
Authors: Kompotiatis Panagiotis , Manohar Sandhya , Alkhateeb Hassan B. , Hogan William J. , Nath Karl A. , Leung Nelson
Published: August 2021

Key Points

Post-HSCT hemoglobinuria was associated with graft type (BMT+Cord).

Post-HSCT hemoglobinuria was associated with early (48–72 hours) post-HSCT AKI.

Graft type (BMT+Cord) was associated with AKI among patients with hemoglobinuria.

Background

Information on risk factors of hemoglobinuria after hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) and its association with AKI, mortality, and engraftment is limited.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study on all consecutive adults that underwent HSCT from January 6, 1999, to November 6, 2017. The study included 6039 patients that underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT), umbilical cord blood, and peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation (PBSCT).

Results

Early post-HSCT, AKI occurred in 393 (7%) patients, and 52 (0.9%) patients had post-HSCT hemoglobinuria. Post-HSCT hemoglobinuria was associated with graft type (BMT+Cord), underlying disease (lymphoma, acute leukemia), and fludarabine-based conditioning regimen. Post-HSCT hemoglobinuria was associated with early (48–72 hours) post-HSCT AKI. Graft type (BMT+Cord) was associated with AKI among patients with hemoglobinuria. AKI in patients with hemoglobinuria was associated with delayed platelet engraftment and delayed WBC engraftment but not 100-day mortality.

Conclusion

Close monitoring is recommended in this patient group to facilitate a good engraftment outcome.
ÜÇ KUŞAKTA KORONAVİRÜS VE SOMESFOBİ
Authors: GÜNLÜ Aykut
Published: August 2021

Mevcut çalışmanın temel amacı koronavirüsün aile bireyleri tarafından nasıl algılandığının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı ise çocukların koronavirrüs  sürecinde virüs ile ilgili düşünce ve algılarının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmadaki veriler nitel veri toplama araçlarından görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemi, nitel araştırma türlerinden gömülü  araştırma desenine dayalı bir çalışmadır. Mevcut araştırmanın örneklemi amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma grubuna 16 aile (toplam 48 kişi) katılmıştır. Aile bireylerinden çocukların koronavirüs ile ilgili algılarının; anne-babayla daha çok zaman geçirme, kendini dinleyebilme, büyükanne/büyükbabaya sarılamama, oyun oynayamama, parka çıkamama, yüz yüze eğitimin uzaktan eğitime dönüşmesi şeklinde olduğu görülmektedir. Annelerin nasıl algıladığına bakıldığında; çocuklarla daha çok birlikte zaman geçirebilme, kitap okuyabilme, kendine zaman ayıra- bilme, uzaktan eğitimin takip edilmek zorunda olunması, sosyal yaşamın değişmesi, endişenin artması, belirsizliğin devam etmesi, büyüklerle sosyal mesafenin korunmaya çalışılması kategorisinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Babaların algılarının aile ile daha çok zaman geçirebilme, aile bireyleriyle ortak saatlerin daha çok olması, işe gidip gelindiğinde aile bireylerine sarılamama, onlarla sosyal mesafeyi korumaya çalışma, yürüyüş yapamama, temizliğe dikkat etme şeklinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Büyükanne/ büyükbabaların algılarının ise hareketsiz bir yaşam dönemi, çocukları ve torunları görememe, daha çok dinlenme, kitap/gazete okuma, Allah'ın bir sınavı kategorilerinde toplandığı görülmüştür. Çocuklar üzerindeki olumlu etkiler; anne/baba ile daha çok zaman birlikte zaman geçirme, çevrimiçi eğitimden faydalanma şeklinde gruplandırılırken, olumsuz etkilerin ise özgürlüğün kısıtlanması, spor yapamama, internet ve televizyon ile daha çok zaman harcama, arkadaşları ile görüşememe şeklinde gruplandırılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma sonucuna dayalı olarak somesfobi yeni bir kavram olarak önerilmiş ve kuramsal açıdan açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma doğrultusunda alandaki araştırmacılara pandemi dönemlerinde bireylerin ruh sağlığını  koruma ve destekleme amaçlı eğitim programlarının geliştirilerek, işlevselliğinin test edilmesine yönelik çalışmaların planlanması önerilebilir.
LENFOMA TANISI ALAN YETİŞKİN BİREYİN ROY ADAPTASYON MODELİNE GÖRE HEMŞİRELİK BAKIMI
Authors: YILDIZ Ezgi , KARAGÖZOĞLU Şerife
Published: August 2021

Kanserin tedavi süreci bireyin hayatını fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal alanlarda etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, bir üniversite hastanesinin hematoloji servisine Diffüz Büyük B Hücreli Lenfoma (Evre- IV) tanısı alarak yatışı yapılan bir olgu değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaya Roy Adaptasyon Modeli’nde yer alan uyum alanları doğrultusunda hastanede hemşirelik bakımı verilmiş olup, taburculuk sonrasında ev ziyaretleri yapılarak gereksinim duyduğu eğitimler ile hastalık ve tedavi sürecine uyumu desteklenmiştir. İ.T. 3 hafta aralıklarla toplamda 6 kür kemoterapi tedavisi almıştır. Her kemoterapi kürü için hastanede 4 gün yatışı olmuştur. İ.T. hastaneye her yatışında her gün Roy Adaptasyon Modeli’nin dört uyum alanına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaya tedavi boyunca fizyolojik uyum alanına yönelik bulantı ve akut ağrı; benlik kavram uyum alanına yönelik beden imgesinde bozulma; rol fonksiyon uyum alanına yönelik etkisiz rol performansı ve karşılıklı bağlılık uyum alanına yönelik aile süeçlerinde değişiklik hemşirelik tanıları konulmuş ve uygun hemşirelik girişimleri sağlanmıştır. Her taburculuk sonrası 1 kez ev ziyareti planlanarak 60 dakika sürecek şekilde dört uyum alanına yönelik toplam 5 kez eğitim verilmiştir. Gereksinim duyduğunda belirlenen görüşme dışında telefon ile danışmanlık sağlanmıştır. Bireyden yazılı ve sözlü olarak bilgilendirilmiş olur alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucuna göre, Diffüz Büyük B Hücreli Lenfoma tanısı alan hastanın tüm Roy Adaptayon Modeli uyum alanlarında olumlu önde bir ilerleme sağlanmış, hastanın sistematik ve bütüncül değerlendirilmesi için Roy Adaptasyon Modeli’nin kullanımının uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN FONKSİYONEL BESİNLERE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ VE BAZI FONKSİYONEL BESİNLERİ TÜKETİM SIKLIKLARININ BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: İRKİN Reyhan , BATU Zehra
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada İzmir ilinde eğitim veren bir kamu üniversitesinde eğitim alan sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin fonksiyonel besinlere yönelik tutumlarının, bilgi düzeylerinin ve bazı fonksiyonel besinleri tüketim sıklıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma 290 öğrenci (%18.6 erkek, %81.4 kadın) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket formu ve Fonksiyonel Besin Bilgi Düzeylerini Belirleme Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Öğrencilerin %42.4’ü fonksiyonel besinleri daha önce hiç duymadığını belirtmiş, %5.2’sinin fonksiyonel besin bilgi düzeyinin yetersiz düzeyde olduğu bulunmuştur. Fonksiyonel besinlerle ilgili güvenilir kaynak olarak katılımcıların %45.9’u uzman görüşünü, %43.8’i bilimsel yayınları göstermiştir. Fonksiyonel besinlerin bilinirliğinin fonksiyonel besin tüketimini artırdığı (p<0.001), fonksiyonel besin bilgi düzeyi puanının beslenme ve diyetetik bölümü öğrencilerinde daha yüksek olduğu (p=0.004), fonksiyonel besinleri tüketmeyi düşünme konusunda aylık gelir açısından gruplar arasında farklılık olmadığı (p=0.480), beslenmenin sağlık üzerinde büyük etkisi olduğu yönünde görüş bildirenlerin fonksiyonel besin tüketmeyi düşünme oranının daha fazla olduğu (p=0.001) belirlenmiştir.  Öğrencilerin en sık tükettikleri fonksiyonel besinler domates ve zeytinyağı olarak, en az bilinen fonksiyonel besinler ise zenginleştirilmiş yumurta ve ekinezya olarak belirlenmiştir. Sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin fonksiyonel besinler konusunda bilgilendirilmeleri önerilmektedir.
Left Atrial Dimension to Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction Ratio Can Predict Long-Term Major Adverse Events In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: ÇIRAKOĞLU Ömer Faruk , YILMAZ Ahmet Seyda , ÇİNİER Göksel , ÇETİN Mustafa
Published: August 2021

Background: It is critical to specify the high-risk group in acute coronary syndrome following percutaneous coronary intervention. Left atrial diameter and Left ventricle ejection fraction are functional echocardiographic parameters for risk classification thanks to easy obtainable, cheap, and non-invasive nature. However, major adverse cardiovascular events may be predicted less than actual where ejection fraction or left atrial diameter are in the normal range. We aimed to assess the left atrial diameter to ejection fraction ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events prediction in acute coronary syndrome.Materials and Methods: Individuals with acute coronary syndrome were included in the study. Atrial diameter and ejection fraction parameters were obtained at admission. The left atrial diameter to left ventricular ejection fraction ratio was calculated through atrial diameter dividing by ejection fraction, and the relationship between new-onset heart failure and all-cause mortality with this ratio was investigated for two years period.Results: The mean age of total 262 patients were 62.1±11.5 years. Thirty-nine (18.9 %) of patients were female and major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 73 (28%) of the patients. In the backward multivariable Cox regression analysis, age [Hazard ratio (HR)=1.039, 95%CI:1.017-1.060, p<0.001], Killip class [HR=2.099, 95%CI:1.011-4.365, p=0.045], serum creatinine level [HR=2.202, 95%CI:1.247-3.811, p=0.003], and left atrial diameter to left ventricular ejection fraction ratio [HR=1.029, 95%CI:1.019-1.038, p<0.001] were revealed to be independent predictors of major adverse events.Conclusion: Left atrial diameter to left ventricular ejection fraction ratio were predictors of two years new-onset heart failure and mortality in acute coronary syndrome. This novel practical index may provide better prediction for adverse events in all patient groups.Key Words: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), Left atrial diameter (LAd), Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), Left atrial diameter (LAd) to Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) ratio (LAd/LVEF)
THE PERMIAN WORLD IN ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES IN THE WORKS OF R. D. GOLDINA
Authors: Savelyeva E. A.
Published: August 2021

In November 2021, Rimma Dmitrievna Goldina, Doctor of History, Professor of the Department of History of Udmurtia, Archaeology and Ethnology, director of the Institute of History and Culture of the Peoples of the Urals of the Udmurt State University, celebrates her anniversary. The article presents the main results of the research of the outstanding Russian scientist on the ethnogenesis of the Permian peoples.
DID THE SUPERNATURAL EXIST IN MEDIEVAL CULTURE?
Authors: Puzanov D. V.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the problem of correlation between the modern category of “supernatural” and ideas about phenomena that went beyond the patterns of nature in pre-Mongol Russia. It is noted that, as in any pre-scientific society, in Old Rus there was no strict natural / supernatural opposition. Unusual phenomena lost the character of “wonder”, “miracle” even with their mystical interpretation. In turn, natural, recurring phenomena could acquire a religious meaning. The concept of “nature” was addressed to specific objects of the surrounding world, and not to nature in the modern sense. In turn, the otherworld also had a nature. Medieval skepticism was fueled by a conflict of values; it did not proceed from the denial of mysticism itself. The main ideas of the work are revealed in polemics with the concept of “miraculous” by V.V. Dolgov, in which the mystical and rational medieval thinking are opposed.
Limits of hyperspecialization
Authors: Mayos Solsona Gonçal
Published: August 2021

We show the need to limit hyperspecialisation in the sciences and academic disciplines. We start from five basic demands of Kantian Sapere aude! We trace the loss of the fruitful alliance between macrophilosophy and the new mathematical-experimental science after Newton. The all-round negative consequences of this hyperspecialisation are exemplified by analysing the tripartition between sociology, social anthropology and ethnography or ethnology. It uncritically hid for decades the dogmatism that stagnantly divided the study of primitive and colonised 'Them' societies by ethnology, ethnography and social and cultural anthropology; as opposed to the 'Us' of civilised and colonising Europeans who - in contrast - were studied by sociology. We show that this discriminatory disciplinary prejudice was rendered invisible by the lack of macro-philosophical, critical and interdisciplinary analysis. We therefore claim and argue for 'macro' analyses that should rebalance the 'micro' hyperspecialisation in all sciences and disciplines.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PERCEPATAN PENGANEKARAGAMAN KONSUMSI PANGAN DI DESA CILEWO KECAMATAN TELAGASARI KABUPATEN KARAWANG
Authors: Nurjaman Riki , Purnamasari Hanny , Rizki Mochamad Faizal
Published: August 2021

Pangan merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia, maka dari itu ketahanan pangan merupakan hal yang sangat penting dan strategis, serta menjadi salah satu faktor penentu dalam stabilitas nasional suatu negara, baik di bidang ekonomi, keamanan, politik dan sosial. Peneliti menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan dari Grindel (Subarsono, 2012) yaitu isi kebijakan (content of policy) dan lingkungan kebijakan (context of implementation). Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan Kualitatif. Hasil peleitian menunjukan bahwa Isi kebijakan Implementasi Kebijakan Dinas Pangan Kabupaten Karawang Dalam Percepatan Penganekaragaman Konsumsi Pangan Di Desa Cilewo Kecamatan Telagasari sudah optimal hal ini terlihat dari Desa tersebut bisa terhindar dari sebutan Desa rentan pangan dan Lingkungan Kebijakan dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Dinas Pangan Kabupaten Karawang Dalam Percepatan Penganekaragaman Konsumsi Pangan Di Desa Cilewo Kecamatan Telagasari sudah optimal. Hal ini terlihat dari pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab untuk bisa menurunkan angka konsumsi beras di masyarakat.
KOMUNIKASI PEMBANGUNAN MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL UNTUK MEMBANGUN KEMANDIRIAN LOKAL
Authors: Ema Ema
Published: August 2021

This research was conducted to reveal the communication process towards local independence in the Karangpawitan Village through Social Media. The use of development communication strategies through social media through Karang Taruna empowerment can increase local income through local culinary tourism promotion activities. Karangpawitan which is commonly used for culinary tourism is also an icon for the city of Karawang, so this is what makes the reason why there is a need for a strategy to increase tourism there. To build local independence, a promotion through Social Media is needed. The method used is descriptive qualitative, which records symptoms that occur through observations and direct interviews with informants or through literature studies to compare existing data. The results show that communication strategies through promotion on social media are able to change the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of audiences towards the income of local people. Through a strategy of changing knowledge to cultivate perceptions about culinary tourism, then being able to facilitate access to information about existing culinary and there is a change in attitude with the many netizens who come to try and take photos.
PENGARUH PEMBENTUKAN PERILAKU KEKERASAN ANAK DALAM TAYANGAN OPERA VAN JAVA
Authors: Yolanda Riesya , Oxygentri Mickey
Published: August 2021

Perjalanan zaman telah menuntun kita kepada lahirnya teknologi-teknologi yang semakin mumpuni dalam membantu keseharian kita. Termasuk media komunikasi yang juga berkembang sebagai akibat dari perkembangan teknologi. Selama ini media komunikasi khususnya televisi menjadi sarana paling efektif dalam menyampaikan informasi kepada khalayak. Televisi melalui berbagai jenis tayangannya yang dikemas semenarik mungkin mampu menarik minat khalayak untuk menyaksikannya, khususnya anak-anak yang belum memilki kegaiatan yang padat. Namun pada kenyataannya tayangan televisi tak selalu baik. Tayangan kekerasan menjadi salah satu tontonan yang secara tidak sadar mampu memengaruhi tingkah laku anak untuk melakukan hal serupa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari tahu pengaruh salah satu tayangan televisi yakni Opera Van Java dalam pembentukkan perilaku kekerasan anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif melalui pendekatan kualitatif, dimana metode ini dilakukan apa adanya dengan memaparkan suatu peristiwa.