bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Spinel Phases in the Earth’s Mantle
Authors: Iskrina A. V. , Bobrov A. V. , Spivak A. V.
Published: April 2022

Abstract—

The post-spinel phases include compounds with stoichiometry$${{A}^{{2 + }}}B_{2}^{{3 + }}{{{\text{O}}}_{4}}$$$$\left( {A_{2}^{{2 + }}{{B}^{{4 + }}}{{{\text{O}}}_{4}}} \right)$$and structures of the calcium ferrite CaFe2O4, calcium titanate CaTi2O4, and marokite CaMn2O4types. The structures with a centeredCmcm(Bbmm) and primitivePnma(Pmcn) andPbcm(Pmab) cells are distinguished in this family of topologically related compounds with a “marokite” channel formed by six octahedra. The sites A and B are occupied by various cations, in particular, Cr, Al, Mg, Fe, Ca, Ti, Fe, Na, and Si, which implies the formation of solid solutions of a wide compositional range. In nature, such high-pressure phases were found in meteorites, as inclusions in diamond crystals, and in rocks from some metamorphic complexes. This review provides a characterization of natural mineralogical finds, the results of an experimental study of post-spinel phases of various compositions and their solid solutions, as well as crystal chemical simulation and assessment of likely compositions and the areas of stability of compounds with a “marokite” channel. The discrepancy between the results of individual studies indicates the necessity to clarify the stability parameters and probable isostructural transitions, and, ultimately, to improve the classification of post-spinel phases.
Large-scale preparation of SCLNCM of lithium-ion batteries with an improved continuous spray pyrolysis method
Authors: Cui Yongfu , Chen Shanji , Wu Zhongli , Sun Juncai
Published: April 2022

Single-crystal precursor of hybrid oxides NiO–MnCo2O4–Ni6MnO8 (SCNCM) is synthesized via an improved continuous two-step spray pyrolysis system (CTSP). This kind of mixed oxide is to be regarded as an ideal precursor for the single-crystal Ni-rich Li[Ni[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]]O2 cathode materials (SCLNCM). The new pilot plant (30 t/a), method, and chlorate in this work could extremely improve the lengthy process, reducing segregation of metal element, excessive sintering temperature, high water consumption, non-polluting, and production efficiency of the SCLNCM. The resulting SCLNCM powders have a type of fine particle size and porous structure with a typical [Formula: see text]-NaFeO2 lamellar structure. It also has a type of better cyclic stability, safety, rate capability, crystallinity, and surface area than polycrystalline cathode materials. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 184 mAh/g at 0.1 C (18 mA/g) with a capacity retention of 91% after 100 cycles in the voltage window of 2.8–4.3 V.
Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by using thermally modified clamshell
Authors: Quyen Ho Hong , Kurashina Masashi , Yasuzawa Mikito
Published: April 2022

The removal of phosphate (PO[Formula: see text] from an aqueous solution by clamshell treated by heat process was investigated through batch experiments. The effects of initial phosphate concentrations, pH value, and contact time on the phosphate removal were carried out. The phosphate adsorption isotherm was described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. As the result, the adsorption process correlated well to both models, and the theoretical maximum phosphate adsorption capacity was 319.0 mg/g by the Langmuir isotherm model. The influence of pH was investigated from 5 to 10, and the value of pH had no significant effect on phosphate adsorption capacity. This finding indicated the application of calcined clamshell in the large range of pH for phosphate removal. The phosphate adsorption capacity and phosphate removal efficiency were obtained at 209.0 mg/g and 38.7% at the initial phosphate concentration of 540 ppm at 25∘C for 24 h, respectively. The clamshell modified by heat treatment exhibited its substantial potential for fast and efficient phosphate removal in water and wastewater.
Friction wear characteristics of a femtosecond laser-patterned amorphous carbon thin film
Authors: Bae Mun Ki , Jang Tae Hwan , Kim Min Su , Gwon Jin Uk , Kim Tae Gyu
Published: April 2022

In this study, an amorphous carbon thin film on a cemented carbide substrate was prepared with surface micropatterns using femtosecond laser machining. The micropatterns that were considered were made of lines, dotted lines, and zigzag dotted lines. We performed a tribology test using a ball-on-disk friction wear test and investigated the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear amount as a function of pattern size and shape. The micropattern made using femtosecond laser patterning exhibited better friction coefficient properties than the bare amorphous carbon samples. Moreover, the pattern size and shape influenced the friction coefficient value of the patterned samples. The dotted line pattern shape showed superior results in friction coefficient characteristics compared to those of other micropatterns.
Variation operators associated with the semigroups generated by Schrödinger operators with inverse square potentials
Authors: Almeida Víctor , Betancor Jorge J. , Rodríguez-Mesa Lourdes
Published: April 2022

By [Formula: see text] we denote the semigroup of operators generated by the Friedrichs extension of the Schrödinger operator with the inverse square potential [Formula: see text] defined in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we establish weighted [Formula: see text]-inequalities for the maximal, variation, oscillation and jump operators associated with [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] denotes the Weyl fractional derivative. The range of values [Formula: see text] that works is different when [Formula: see text] and when [Formula: see text].
Numerical solution of nonlinear integral equation arising in optometry
Authors: Katani R. , Majidifar S.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a mathematical model of the eye corneal shape is introduced which is a nonlinear boundary value problem. This boundary value problem is converted to a nonlinear integral equation and by means of the collocation method, the problem is reduced into a system of the nonlinear algebraic equations. The approximate solutions are obtained by solving this nonlinear system and numerical results are provided to show that introduced method is efficient. Also, comparisons with other works are made to confirm the reliability of the method.
A common fixed point theorem for new type compatible maps on modular metric spaces
Authors: Kaplan Elif , Kutukcu Servet
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we discuss a new definition of [Formula: see text]-compatible maps in a modular metric space, prove a common fixed point theorem and utilize them to get a solution of a Volterra type integral equation.
Social network analysis and applications: A review of the broad research aspects of social network structure
Authors: Garg Priyanshi , Wu Weili
Published: April 2022

The use of social media has generated huge Online Social Networks (OSN). This network exhibits nice structural properties and has opened door to various research tasks like community detection, link prediction and influence modeling in OSN. There are several models such as linear threshold and independent cascade model proposed in the literature that models the influence diffusion process. Depending on the use-case one may want to amplify or attenuate information in OSN called influence maximization (IM) and rumor blocking (RB), respectively. In terms of marketing, it is called viral marketing. This paper extensively reviews the fundamental research tasks associated with the structure of OSN, groups them into different categories based on the fundamental research area discussed along with its applications. This paper also surveys RB and the various variants of IM found in the literature.
The adjacency spectrum and metric dimension of an induced subgraph of comaximal graph of ℤn
Authors: Banerjee Subarsha
Published: April 2022

Let R be a commutative ring with unity, and let [Formula: see text] denote the comaximal graph of R. The comaximal graph [Formula: see text] has vertex set as R, and any two distinct vertices x, y of [Formula: see text] are adjacent if [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] denote the induced subgraph of [Formula: see text] on the set of all nonzero non-unit elements of R, and any two distinct vertices x, y of [Formula: see text] are adjacent if [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the graphical structure as well the adjacency spectrum of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a non-prime positive integer, and [Formula: see text] is the ring of integers modulo n. We show that for a given non-prime positive integer n with D number of positive proper divisors, the eigenvalues of [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text] with multiplicity [Formula: see text], and remaining eigenvalues are contained in the spectrum of a symmetric [Formula: see text] matrix. We further calculate the rank and nullity of [Formula: see text]. We also determine all the eigenvalues of [Formula: see text] whenever [Formula: see text] is a bipartite graph. Finally, apart from determining certain structural properties of [Formula: see text], we conclude the paper by determining the metric dimension of [Formula: see text].
Toward Data Transmission Security Based on Proxy Broadcast Re-encryption in Edge Collaboration
Authors: Zhang Qingyang , Cui Jie , Zhong Hong , Liu Lu
Published: April 2022

With the development of IoT, more and more data is offloaded from the cloud to the edge for computing, eventually forming a collaborative computing model at the edge. However, in this model, the problem of secure data transmission has not been solved. In this model, data is transmitted and forwarded in multiple messaging systems, and existing security schemes cannot achieve end-to-end security in a multi-hop, broadcast transmission model. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new security scheme based on proxy re-encryption and broadcast encryption techniques. Moreover, the performance and security of the scheme are further enhanced by using online-offline techniques and a trusted execution environment when integrating the scheme with edge collaboration. Finally, this paper proves the security of the scheme in theory, compares the functionality of the scheme, analyzes the theoretical performance of the scheme, and finally measures the actual performance of the scheme in the edge collaboration system.
Automatic Classification of Red Blood Cell Morphology Based on Quantitative Phase Imaging
Authors: Jiang Mengduo , Shao Meng , Yang Xiao , He Linna , Peng Tao , Wang Tao , Ke Zeyu , Wang Zixin , Fang Shu , Mao Yuxin , Ouyang Xilin , Zhao Gang , Zhou Jinhua
Published: April 2022

Classification of the morphology of red blood cells (RBCs) plays an extremely important role in evaluating the quality of long-term stored blood, as RBC storage lesions such as transformation of discocytes to echinocytes and then to spherocytes may cause adverse clinical effects. Most RBC segmentation and classification methods, limited by interference of staining procedures and poor details, are based on traditional bright field microscopy. In the present study, quantitative phase imaging (QPI) technology was combined with deep learning for automatic classification of RBC morphology. QPI can be used to observe unstained RBCs with high spatial resolution and phase information. In deep learning based on phase information, boundary curvature is used to reduce inadequate learning for preliminary screening of the three shapes of unstained RBCs. The model accuracy was 97.3% for the stacked sparse autoencoder plus Softmax classifier. Compared with the traditional convolutional neural network, the developed method showed a lower misclassification rate and less processing time, especially for RBCs with more discocytes. This method has potential applications in automatically evaluating the quality of long-term stored blood and real-time diagnosis of RBC-related diseases.
Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Models and Wireless Network Applications for Enterprise Sales Management Innovation under the New Retail Format
Authors: Li Qingmin
Published: April 2022

Enterprise sales are distinct from other types of technology sales. It refers to the procurement of big contracts that involve long sales cycles, multiple decision-makers, and a higher level of risk when compared to traditional sales. It has its very own way of doing the decision-making process. In the current age of Internet technology, almost every field has adapted or upgraded to Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. Likewise, enterprise sales also use this vibrant technology to enrich the sales representatives’ work. It does not mean that it affects the employees’ jobs, but it makes them much more manageable. The New Retail Format is the concept of selling products through the blending of contexts of online and offline modes. Also, enterprise sales management defines the management of product sales in business-to-business (B2B) transactions. In this research, Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making is used by the customer to choose various products in an enterprise sales store. Additionally, Particle Swarm Optimization is utilised in this application to monitor the stock (product) availability and sales of the available products between two larger organizations. In this article, the proposed model incorporates AI and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for enterprise sales under a new retail format. In this research, Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making with a Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm is implemented to analyze the process of enterprise sales. The proposed algorithm is compared with the existing fuzzy clustering method. From the result, it is observed that the proposed algorithm has achieved 99.78%, whereas the existing system has given only 93.46% of accuracy.
Anticaries Agent Based on Silver Nanoparticles and Fluoride: Characterization and Biological and Remineralizing Effects—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Favaro Jaqueline Costa , Detomini Tiago Roberto , Maia Luciana Prado , Poli Regina Célia , Guiraldo Ricardo Danil , Lopes Murilo Baena , Berger Sandrine Bittencourt
Published: April 2022

Objective. The aim of the study was to characterize and evaluate the stability, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and remineralizing effects of silver nanoparticles and fluoride anticaries agent (AgF) on staining dental enamel. Materials and Methods. An experimental AgF solution was prepared and compared to silver diamine fluoride (SDF). First, the AgF was characterized and the stability was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli strains were used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration and cytotoxicity performed using L929 fibroblastic cells by MTT test. Caries-like lesions induced by pH-cycling in human enamel were obtained, and then, the superficial microhardness, cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed. Photographic images were taken to analyze the enamel staining. Results. The AgF showed stableness in long term with bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions without cytotoxicity. Enamel remineralization, in surface and in depth (CSMH), was observed when the AgF was used, and it was similar to SDF. SEM showed enamel precipitation, and EDS observed the presence of P, Ca, Au, Ag, and Cl elements. Contrary to SDF, AgF did not stain the enamel. Conclusion. The nano silver fluoride anticaries agent tested presented long-term stability, superficial and in-depth remineralizing capacity with antimicrobial potential and biocompatibility and did not stain the enamel.
Application of Improved Algorithm Based on Four-Dimensional ResNet in Rural Tourism Passenger Flow Prediction
Authors: Chen Xi , Cong Donglai
Published: April 2022

In rural tourism, precise visitor flow forecasts may aid management in making better decisions. It aids in the reduction of visitor crowds and trash. It also has the potential to improve visitor security. As a result, it is critical to continue to encourage tourism’s long-term growth. However, regional tourist flow of rural tourism has the characteristics of high volatility, complex nonlinearity, and susceptibility to seasonal influences. Moreover, a single neural network model cannot learn both temporal and spatial correlation. Therefore, by examining the variables impacting regional tourist flow and integrating residual networks with fully linked networks, this research offers an enhanced Quad-ResNet model for forecasting regional tourist flow of rural tourism. To be specific, this model learns spatial correlation through deep convolution; combines four residual networks to learn temporal proximity, similarity, periodicity and tendency; and uses one fully connected network to learn seasonal effects. Furthermore, this study compares the Quad-ResNet model with LSTM, CNN, and ST-ResNet models on the same dataset for regional tourist flow prediction experiments. The findings reveal that the Quad-ResNet model has less error and is substantially simpler to train and predict than the LSTM model, making it more suited for predicting regional visitor flows in rural tourism. For relevant stakeholders, the generated model may serve as a useful decision-making tool.
Cancer Epidemiology in Hispanic Populations: What Have We Learned and Where Do We Need to Make Progress?
Authors: Fejerman Laura , Ramirez Amelie G. , Nápoles Anna María , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Stern Mariana C.
Published: April 2022

The Hispanic/Latino(x) population (H/L) in the United States of America is heterogeneous and fast growing. Cancer is the number one cause of death among H/Ls, accounting for 21% of deaths. Whereas for the most common cancers, incidence rates are lower in H/Ls compared with non-H/L White (NHW) individuals, H/Ls have a higher incidence of liver, stomach, cervical, penile, and gallbladder cancers. H/L patients tend to be diagnosed at more advanced stages for breast, colorectal, prostate, and lung cancers, and melanoma compared with NHW individuals. Etiologic and cancer outcomes research among H/Ls lags other populations. In this review, we provide a summary of challenges, opportunities, and research priorities related to cancer etiology, cancer outcomes, and survivorship to make progress in addressing scientific gaps. Briefly, we prioritize the need for more research on determinants of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression to liver cancer, stomach and gallbladder cancers, and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We emphasize the need to improve cancer screening, early detection of cancer, and survivorship care. We highlight critical resources needed to make progress in cancer epidemiologic studies among H/L populations, including the importance of training the next generation of cancer epidemiologists conducting research in H/Ls.
Association of Prediagnostic Serum Levels of Vitamin D with Risk of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast in the UK Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Peila Rita , Rohan Thomas E.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Higher circulating levels of vitamin D [25(OH)D] have been associated with reduced risk of developing invasive breast cancer. However, their association with risk of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has received little attention.

Methods:

We examined the association of serum vitamin D with risk of DCIS in 231,203 women, aged 40 to 69 years at enrollment in the UK Biobank cohort study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals for the association of vitamin D with DCIS risk.

Results:

There was no association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of DCIS overall, or by menopausal status. The association was not modified by body mass index category, family history of breast cancer, or current use of menopausal hormone therapy.

Conclusions:

In this large prospective cohort study, we did not observe an association between circulating serum levels of vitamin D and risk of DCIS.

Impact:

While previous studies have suggested that serum vitamin D has an inverse association with risk of invasive breast cancer, the present results do not provide evidence for an association with DCIS, a non-obligate precursor of invasive disease.
Sound Source Localization by Cochlear Implant Recipients with Normal Hearing in the Contralateral Ear: Effects of Spectral Content and Duration of Listening Experience
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , Rooth Meredith A. , Canfarotta Michael W. , Richter Margaret E. , Thompson Nicholas J. , Brown Kevin D.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Cochlear implant (CI) recipients with normal hearing (NH) in the contralateral ear experience a significant improvement in sound source localization when listening with the CI in combination with their NH-ear (CI + NH) as compared to with the NH-ear alone. The improvement in localization is primarily due to sensitivity to interaural level differences (ILDs). Sensitivity to interaural timing differences (ITDs) may be limited by auditory aging, frequency-to-place mismatches, the signal coding strategy, and duration of CI use. The present report assessed the sensitivity of ILD and ITD cues in CI + NH listeners who were recipients of long electrode arrays that provide minimal frequency-to-place mismatches and were mapped with a coding strategy that presents fine structure cues on apical channels. Methods: Sensitivity to ILDs and ITDs for localization was assessed using broadband noise (BBN), as well as high-pass (HP) and low-pass (LP) filtered noise for adult CI + NH listeners. Stimuli were 200-ms noise bursts presented from 11 speakers spaced evenly over an 180° arc. Performance was quantified in root-mean-squared error and response patterns were analyzed to evaluate the consistency, accuracy, and side bias of the responses. Fifteen listeners completed the task at the 2-year post-activation visit; seven listeners repeated the task at a later annual visit. Results: Performance at the 2-year visit was best with the BBN and HP stimuli and poorer with the LP stimulus. Responses to the BBN and HP stimuli were significantly correlated, consistent with the idea that CI + NH listeners primarily use ILD cues for localization. For the LP stimulus, some listeners responded consistently and accurately and with limited side bias, which may indicate sensitivity to ITD cues. Two of the 7 listeners who repeated the task at a later annual visit experienced a significant improvement in performance with the LP stimulus, which may indicate that sensitivity to ITD cues may improve with long-term CI use. Conclusions: CI recipients with a NH-ear primarily use ILD cues for sound source localization, though some may use ITD cues as well. Sensitivity to ITD cues may improve with long-term CI listening experience.
Infancias y adolescencias: vivencias durante la pandemia por covid-19 en Argentina
Authors: Barcala Alejandra , Poverene Laura , Torricelli Flavia , Parra Marcela Alejandra , Wilner Alejandro , Micele Carla , Correles Carolina , Moreno Emilse , D’Angelo Marcela , Heredia Mariana , Sanchez Nadia , Vila Patricia
Published: April 2022

(analítico)El advenimiento de la pandemia del covid-19 y el aislamiento social,  preventivo y obligatorio, impactó en la vida cotidiana y tuvo efectos en la subjetividad de niños, niñas y adolescentes. A través de un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo de carácter cualitativo se indaga sobre la construcción de sentidos, y las emociones en torno a la pandemia y cuarentena, las experiencias escolares y las prácticas de cuidado. Participaron 68 niñas, niños y adolescentes de cuatro jurisdicciones de Argentina, entre marzo y junio de 2020. Se recolectaron narrativas orales, fotos, dibujos y videos. Relataron cómo reinventaron modos de vincularse, de jugar y habitar espacios, erigiéndose como sujetos ético-políticos capaces de cuidar y de transformar su entorno, a pesar de la profundización de situaciones de desigualdad, del miedo al contagio y pérdida de seres queridos.
Palabras clave: Pandemia; infancia; adolescencia.
Redescription of Paguristes aztatlanensis Glassell, 1937 and description of a new species of the genus Paguristes Dana, 1851 (Anomura, Paguroidea, Diogenidae) from western Mexico
Authors: AYÓN-PARENTE MANUEL , HENDRICKX MICHEL E. , CÁCERES IGNACIO
Published: April 2022

A redescription of Paguristes aztatlanensis Glassell, 1937 is presented together with the description of Paguristes turkayi n. sp. from the Mexican Pacific. Paguristes turkayi n. sp. is close to P. digueti and P. sanguinimanus, but can be separated from these two species by the following: P. turkayi features a slender rostrum; the ocular peduncles are proportionally larger relative to the shield in P. turkayi n. sp. than in P. digueti, but proportionally shorter than in P. sanguinimanus; the anterodorsal plates of the carapace are unarmed in Paguristes turkayi n. sp. and P. sanguinimanus (versus armed with small teeth in P. digueti); in P. turkayi n. sp., the palm and carpus of the chelipeds bear fewer but larger spines and tufts of very long setae, while in P. digueti and P. sanguinimanus the chelipeds are armed with many small spines and very short setae.
Timing and Associated Outcomes of Chemical Prophylaxis Against Venous Thromboembolism in the Elderly Trauma Population
Authors: Rhodes Heather X. , Byrd Chad E. , Pepe Antonio P.
Published: April 2022

This study aims to assess chemical VTE prophylactic type and timing and associated outcomes within the elderly trauma population. This is a single center study of Trauma Registry data, inclusive years July 1, 2016, to February 28, 2021. The patients were grouped based upon discharge disposition. 7261 elderly trauma patients were included in the analysis. Late administration of VTE prophylaxis was associated with a discharge disposition to hospice. Administration of unfractionated heparin was most associated with in-hospital mortality. Xa inhibitors had the least impact on morbidity and mortality, with most likely associations in discharge to rehab or a skilled nursing facility. LMWH associated with a discharge to a rehab facility. The timing of administration and type of VTE prophylaxis may significantly affect the morbidity and mortality outcomes in elderly trauma.
Rectal Contrast CT Scans of Limited Utility in Diagnosing Colonic Injuries in Penetrating Trauma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Jonathan , Bashan K. Aviva , Jiang Cecilia , Lin Mung , Tootla Yasmin , Udobi Kahdi , Williams Keneeshia N. , Gelbard Rondi , Nguyen Crystal T. , Sola Richard , Smith Randi N. , Sciarretta Jason D. , Butler Caroline , Morse Bryan C. , Grant April A. , Rhee Peter
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Using rectal contrast computed tomography (CT) to identify traumatic colorectal injuries has become commonplace; however, these injuries remain relatively infrequent findings on CTs obtained for penetrating back and flank trauma. We conducted a meta-analysis to ascertain the efficacy of rectal contrast CT in identifying such injuries in victims penetrating injuries.

Methods

PubMed and Embase were queried for relevant articles between 1974 and 2022. Review articles, case studies, and non-English manuscripts were excluded. Studies without descriptive CT and operative findings were excluded. Positive scans refer to rectal contrast extravasation. Sensitivity and specificity of rectal contrast CT scans were calculated with aggregated CT findings that were cross-referenced with laparotomy findings.

Results

Only 8 manuscripts representing 506 patients quantified colorectal injuries and specified patients with rectal contrast extravasation. Seven patients with true colorectal injuries had no contrast extravasation on CT. There was one true positive scan. Another scan identified contrast extravasation, but laparotomy revealed no colorectal injury. Rectal contrast had sensitivity of 12.5%, specificity 99.8%, positive predictive value (PPV) 50%, negative predictive value (NPV) 99%, and a false negative rate of 88% in identifying colonic injuries.

Discussion

The summation of 8 manuscripts suggest that the addition of rectal contrast in identifying colonic and rectal injuries may be of limited utility given its poor sensitivity and may be unnecessary. In its absence, subtle clues such as hematomas, extraluminal air, IV-dye extravasation, and trajectory may be additional indicators of injury. Further investigations are required to demonstrate a true benefit for the addition of rectal contrast.
Robust and compliance control for robotic knee prosthesis using admittance model and sliding-mode controller
Authors: Huang Yongshan , Ma Hongxu , He Quan , Lang Lin , An Honglei
Published: April 2022

Achieving compliance and flexibility under the premise of ensuring trajectory tracking performance and also reflecting the wearer’s movement intention, has not yet been well solved in the field of prosthesis. The aim of this paper is to provide a compliant, robust, and continuous control scheme for robotic knee prosthesis to solve the contradictory problems of trajectory tracking performance and compliance. The proposed scheme are based on the admittance model and radial basis function (RBF) neural network–enhanced nonsingular fast terminal sliding-mode controller (NFTSMC). The desired trajectory of the prosthetic knee joint is driven by humans and reshaped to reference trajectory by an admittance model, so that the prosthetic leg can reflect the human’s movement intention and being compliant. RBF neural network is introduced to achieve adaptive approximation of unknown models and ensure that the controller does not depend on the mathematical model of the “human-in-the-loop” prosthesis system. A novel NFTSMC was proposed to deal with the influence of ground reaction forces (GRFs) and fitting errors of the RBF neural network, which make the tracking error converge to zero in a finite time. The adaptive law of the RBF neural network is obtained by the Lyapunov method, and the stability and finite-time convergence of the closed-loop system are rigorously proved and analyzed mathematically. The simulation results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the propose control scheme.
Friends-Based Protective Strategies and Unwanted Sexual Experiences: A Daily Diary Examination of First Year College Women
Authors: Blayney Jessica A. , Jenzer Tiffany , Jaffe Anna E. , Carroll Quinn , Read Jennifer P.
Published: April 2022

Risk for unwanted sexual experiences can emerge in social contexts—the same contexts that early college women navigate with their friends. Though friends naturally engage in prevention strategies, less is known about how capable guardianship influences risk. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, the present study examined guardianship at the person- and situation-level. First year college women ( N = 132) completed eight weekends of daily surveys. We examined whether guardianship (e.g., more friends present, greater proportion of female friends, no intoxicated friends) would reduce unwanted sexual experience risk and if this relation was mediated by friends-based strategy use. An alternative model was also tested with the same predictors, but unwanted sexual experiences as the mediator and friends-based strategy use as the outcome. Over half (58%) of extended weekend nights with friends involved drinking or using drugs. Friends-based strategies were used on 29% of nights. Across models, being with one or more intoxicated friends was associated with friends-based strategy use and an unwanted sexual experience, but only at the situation-level. Parents, educators, and policy makers can encourage college women to draw on their social networks to enhance safety. Interventions could incorporate more universal strategies for responding to risk in social contexts.
Axial compressive behaviour of CFST column externally reinforced by CFRP strips – A design of experiments approach
Authors: Ganapathy Ganesh Prabhu
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of CFRP strips wrapping scheme (partial wrapping) in strengthening of CFST column subjected to axial compression. To complete the experimental investigation in an economical way, the central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments. Based on the CCD experimental model, 9 unique tests were performed and the failure mode of the specimens, load–deformation behaviour, ultimate strength and ductility behaviour were studied. The test results showed that externally bonding CFRP strips is an effective approach to restraining axial deformation and enhancing the ultimate capacity of the column under compression. By bonding three layers of CFRP strips, the deformation of the columns was restricted to a maximum of 55.78% and 50.27% compared to the column bonded with one layer, when set at spacings of 20 mm and 30 mm, respectively. The ANOVA, Pareto chart and contour plot of RSM revealed that the layers of the CFRP wrapping scheme was more significant than the strips spacing in increasing the strength capacity of the CFST column. The suitability of design models proposed in various literatures for predicting the strength capacities of CFST columns strengthened with CFRP wrapping scheme was also examined. A simple design model, derived considering the column geometry and material strength of column and CFRP composites, was proposed to predict the axial strength capacities of CFST short columns confined by CFRP strips by using regression analysis. The proposed design model provides a more accurate and reasonably stable prediction compared with other existing design models.
Intergenerational Public Space Design and Policy: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Nelischer Claire , Loukaitou-Sideris Anastasia
Published: April 2022

Significant scholarship has focused on accommodating diverse age groups in urban public environments. However, intergenerational approaches emphasizing engagement between generations represent an emerging area of research and practice. This review synthesizes literature from urban planning and cognate fields on the need for and benefits of intergenerational public space, as well as design and policy interventions. The results advance understanding of how public environments could meet the needs of both youth and older adults while also serving as the context for cross-generational interaction, and offer insights to planners, designers, and policymakers seeking to develop, enhance, or expand intergenerational public space.
Gender and Awareness of Laws on Intimate Partner Violence: A Study Among Bengali, Garo, and Santal Ethnic Communities in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Rabiul , Wahab Nazia , Hossain Delwar , Swahnberg Katarina
Published: April 2022

Previous studies on intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in Bangladesh rarely focused on the effectiveness of primary prevention strategies like legal remedies. There is also a lack of studies on the issues among the ethnic minority communities in the country. This study examines the awareness of laws on IPV (such as recognizing the abusive acts and knowing the sanctions) among the ethnic Garo and Santal and mainstream Bengali communities in rural Bangladesh. The study randomly included 1929 married women and men from 24 villages. It appeared that the respondents were not adequately aware of the relevant legal provisions. There were also gender and ethnic differences in the issues. On average, the respondents maintained a low score on recognizing abusive acts. The awareness was further lower among the women compared to the men. In addition, multivariate analysis indicated that the Bengali women had relatively a better understanding of the issues than the Garo and Santal women. However, the Garo men showed poorer awareness of recognizing the abusive acts than the Bengali and Santal men. On the other hand, the respondents also maintained a very insufficient knowledge of the sanctions against such abusive acts, whereas women also showed a lower awareness compared to their male counterparts. Data further revealed that the Santal women had a more inadequate understanding of the issues than the Bengali and Garo women. However, the Garo men had more awareness of the sanctions than the Bengali and Santal men. The study reveals that people are unfamiliar with the laws governing IPV. It shows that understanding legal issues is another field of gender and ethnic inequality in the country. We suggest that there should be intervention to make aware the citizen, mainly women of all ethnicities, to ensure the efficacy of the laws.
Metascience Is Not Enough – A Plea for Psychological Humanities in the Wake of the Replication Crisis
Authors: Malich Lisa , Rehmann-Sutter Christoph
Published: April 2022

The replication crisis led to the rise of metascience as a possible solution. In this article, we examine central metascientific premises and argue that attempts to solve the replication crisis in psychology will benefit from a tighter integration of approaches from the psychological humanities. The first part of our article identifies central epistemic merits that metascientific endeavors can contribute to psychology. However, we argue secondly against the widespread claim that metascience is the only way to deal with the replication crisis in psychology and point to major epistemic problems: the one-sided notion of a singular scientific method, the homogenizing view of psychology, and the exclusion of practices of theorizing. As a possible compensation for such shortcomings, we introduce, third, the reflective and pluralistic approach of psychological humanities. In so doing, we show how psychological humanities can serve as an important complement to the objective of improving psychological research. Psychological humanities contribute to a more precise determination of validity, to ethical considerations, and a better understanding of psychology’s objects in regard to replication. Accordingly, we argue for the integration of psychological humanities into both metascience and psychology to provide a better basis for addressing epistemic and ethical questions.
Balancing daylight in office spaces with respect to the indoor thermal environment through optimization of light shelves design parameters in the tropics
Authors: Salem Bahdad Ali Ahmed , Syed Fadzil Sharifah Fairuz , Onubi Hilary Omatule , BenLasod Saleh Ahmed
Published: April 2022

The study aims to investigate the preferred daylighting availability ranges for the best visual and thermal comfort in office workspace through optimal modifications light-shelve parameters, grounded on parametric design and optimization, with a focus on its visual and thermal indices. To identify the final optimal solutions, single and multi-optimization scenarios were used. The findings revealed that optimizing for a single objective might obstruct the attainment of other goals. In other words, the first scenario, optimization only for daylight availability, results in an increase in temperature. While optimizing for indoor thermal performance solely, none of the preset daylight availability acceptance requirements were met. However, multi-objective optimization solutions were the final optimal solutions nearest to the ideal. Final optimum solutions of the best design parameters of light shelves can improve the total average of daylight availability by 56.25%, 50.63%, 57.50% and 71.88%, and the indoor thermal performance was improved by decreasing the average temperature for thermal environmental performance indicators by 4.15%, 3.27%, 3.17% and 4.76%, respectively, in March, June, September and December. The study concludes that daylighting levels of 500 lux to1300 lux provide the best range of optimal daylighting for visual and thermal comfort indicators for office spaces in the tropics.
Rejuvenation of the ageing face and the role of orthodontics: Guidelines for management
Authors: Mavreas Dimitrios , Athanasiou Athanasios E
Published: April 2022

The article reviews the ageing changes of the midfacial and maxillary bones, the mandible, the overlaying soft tissues and the smile, and presents clinical guidelines aiming to rejuvenate older faces by means of orthodontic therapy. With regard to the ageing changes, the maxillary skeleton appears to rotate clockwise inferior to the orbit and becomes retrusive, and as a general pattern the midface contracts and deteriorates with age. Resorption below the mental foramen, reduction in alveolar height, loss of bone at the chin region, and relative increase in size and shape are signs of an aged mandible. Epidermal thinning and decrease in collagen in combination with the effect of gravity and various external factors contribute to the ageing of the skin. Atrophy of the superficial and deep fat, changes in ligamentous tissues and changes in muscle structure, position and tone, all contribute to the stigmata of the aged face. In the article, two late adulthood orthodontic cases are discussed as examples, and general guidelines for orthodontic management of the older face aiming at reversing the ‘shrinkage’ of the tissues by restoring the facial shape and tightening the soft tissue mask are described. The possible mechanisms explaining the changes observed on the faces of the clinical cases are also discussed. A properly planned and executed orthodontic intervention reversing changes from the inside-out before embarking on cosmetic surgery might have a synergistic effect multiplying the benefits for adult patients.
Intelligent research on wearing comfort of tight sportswear during exercise
Authors: Cheng Pengpeng , Wang Jianping , ZENG Xianyi , BRUNIAUX Pascal , Tao Xuyuan
Published: April 2022

In this study, the distribution characteristics and changing law of sports comfort perception were analyzed by collecting the comfort evaluation data of running in winter tight sportswear, and proposes a network model based on particle swarm optimization-cuckoo search-long short-term memory to track the changing law of motion comfort. First, considering the existence of redundant features, analytic hierarchy process analysis is used to screen out key features; and then, particle swarm optimization and cuckoo search algorithms are used to optimize the key parameters of the long short-term memory prediction model, so as to avoid the model prediction performance caused by the selection of parameters based on experience. The experiments compared the prediction accuracy of other models, and selected mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean absolute percentage error evaluation indicators to verify the effectiveness of these models. The results show that the perception of wearing comfort changes over time, but when it reaches the extreme point at a certain moment, and then it gradually falls back. The humidity sense and thermal sense of bust, crotch, and back in human body are the main comfort perceptions that affect movement; LSTM and the optimized LSTM models are suitable for the prediction of comfort perception at different times during exercise. Among them, the PSO-CS-LSTM model can more accurately track the changing trend of motion comfort, the prediction has high prediction accuracy and validity; we selected three different running speeds as the experimental data, which also verifies the universal applicability of the model.
Utilisation of a rectal hydrogel spacer for vaginoplasty in a cadaver model
Authors: An Crystal , Mishra Kirtishri , Bukavina Laura , Arojo Itunu , Pope Rachel , Gupta Shubham
Published: April 2022

Background:

A major source of complications in vaginoplasty results from injury to the rectum during dissection of the neovaginal cavity. The SpaceOAR™ System is a rectal hydrogel spacer mostly used as a safety technique during prostate cancer treatment.

Objective:

This was a feasibility study performed in a single cadaveric perineum.Methods: Prior to standard cavity dissection, SpaceOAR was injected transperineally into the Denonvilliers’ fascia under guidance of transrectal ultrasound. Dissection of the neovaginal cavity with spacer gel was qualitatively assessed to be significantly easier, allowing for a blunt and quick approach.

Results:

A satisfactory vaginal length was achieved rapidly and safely.

Conclusions:

We show that transgender vaginoplasty using this adaptation of SpaceOAR is technically feasible in the cadaveric model and may reduce the incidence of rectal injury or rectovaginal fistula during neovaginal cavity creation. Future experimental endeavours should focus on the reproducibility of this approach and characterise the degree of rectal protection provided.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable
HLA-DR expression on monocytes and outcome of anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Bourbon Estelle , Sesques Pierre , Gossez Morgane , Tordo Jérémie , Ferrant Emmanuelle , Safar Violaine , Wallet Florent , Aussedat Guillaume , Maarek Alizée , Bouafia Fadhela , Karlin Lionel , Ghergus Dana , Golfier Camille , Lequeu Hélène , Lazareth Anne , Schwiertz Vérane , Viel Sébastien , Idlhaj Maryam , Ghesquières Hervé , Monneret Guillaume , Bachy Emmanuel , Venet Fabienne
Published: April 2022

Despite their unprecedented success in relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), anti-CD19 CAR T cells are associated with significant toxicity, and more than half of patients relapse. As monocytes emerged as key players in CAR therapy, we sought to evaluate the evolution of HLA-DR expression on monocytes (mHLA-DR) before and after commercial anti-CD19 CAR T-cell infusion in a large cohort (n = 103) of patients with R/R LBCL and its association with adverse events and treatment response. Cy-Flu-based lymphodepletion (LD) upregulated mHLA-DR in 79% of the cases, whereas in 2l% of cases (15 patients), the mHLA-DR level decreased after LD, and this decrease was associated with poorer outcome. Low mHLA-DR at day minus 7 (D−7) (<13 500 antibodies per cell) before CAR T-cell infusion correlated with older age, poorer performance status, higher tumor burden, and elevated inflammatory markers. With a median follow-up of 7.4 months, patients with low mHLA-DR D−7 exhibited a poorer duration of response and survival than the higher mHLA-DR D−7 group. For toxicity management, tocilizumab was more frequently used in the low–mHLA-DR D−7 group. These data suggest that monocyte dysregulation before LD, characterized by the downregulation of mHLA-DR, correlates with an inflammatory and immunosuppressive tumor environment and is associated with failure of anti-CD19 CAR T cells in patients with R/R LBCL. Modulation of these myeloid cells represents a promising field for improving CAR therapy.