bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proximal Point Algorithms for Vector DC Programming with Applications to Probabilistic Lot Sizing with Service Levels
Authors: Ji Ying , Qu Shaojian
Published: October 2017

We present a new algorithm for solving vector DC programming, where the vector function is a function of the difference of C-convex functions. Because of the nonconvexity of the objective function, it is difficult to solve this class of problems. We propose several proximal point algorithms to address this class of problems, which make use of the special structure of the problems (i.e., the DC structure). The well-posedness and the global convergence of the proposed algorithms are developed. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is shown by an application to a multicriteria model stemming from lot sizing problems.
Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ezekwudo Daniel E. , Ifabiyi Tolulope , Gbadamosi Bolanle , Haberichter Kristle , Yu Zhou , Amin Mitual , Shaheen Kenneth , Stender Michael , Jaiyesimi Ishmael
Published: October 2017

Breast implant–associated anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma has recently been recognized as an entity, with few reports describing the two common subtypes: in situ (indolent) and infiltrative. Recently, the infiltrative subtypes have been shown to be more aggressive requiring adjuvant chemotherapy. We report a rare case of breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) in a 65-year-old Caucasian female following silicone breast implantation and multiple capsulectomies. We discuss the rare presentation of this disease, histopathologic features of the indolent and infiltrative subtypes of ALCL, and their clinical significance. We also review the literature for up-to-date information on the diagnosis and clinical management. Treatment modalities including targeted therapy are also discussed. Although BIA-ALCL is rare, it should always be considered as part of the differential diagnosis especially in women with breast implants. Given the increasing rate of breast reconstruction and cosmetic surgeries, we anticipate a continuous rise in incidence rates of this rare disease; thus, caution must be taken to avoid misdiagnosis.
Nutritional Counseling for Hypertensive Patients: Have Final-Year Nursing Students Learnt Enough to Be Able to Offer Advice to Such Patients?
Authors: Nsiah-Asamoah Christiana , Setorglo Jacob , Mie John Bosco
Published: October 2017

Background. Although nutrition education for the prevention and management of hypertension is the responsibility of registered dieticians and nutritionist, nurses also play this role particularly because there are few registered dieticians. This study was conducted to assess final-year nursing students’ level of knowledge regarding the nutritional prevention and management of hypertension. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess their knowledge regarding the dietary management of hypertension. A total of 220 students completed a 21-item nutritional prevention and management of hypertension knowledge test. Results. Students’ knowledge about potential modifiable risk factors of hypertension such as excessive salt and alcohol intake was good. Less than half (44.5%) indicated that they will recommend an increased intake of potassium food sources to hypertensive patients. However, 70.5% incorrectly indicated that they will advise hypertensive patients to always read nutritional information on food items in order to avoid excessive intake of potassium in their diet. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that there are some deficits in nursing students’ nutritional knowledge for managing hypertension. The findings suggest an urgent need to revise the nursing training curriculum in order to include practical information that can be applied by nursing students, after graduation.
TLR Specific Immune Responses against Helminth Infections
Authors: Rajasekaran Sivaprakasam , Anuradha Rajamanickam , Bethunaickan Ramalingam
Published: October 2017

Despite marked improvement in the quality of lives across the globe, more than 2 million individuals in socioeconomically disadvantaged environments remain infected by helminth (worm) parasites. Owing to the longevity of the worms and paucity of immunologic controls, these parasites survive for long periods within the bloodstream, lymphatics, and gastrointestinal tract resulting in pathologic conditions such as anemia, cirrhosis, and lymphatic filariasis. Despite infection, an asymptomatic state may be maintained by the host immunoregulatory environment, which involves multiple levels of regulatory cells and cytokines; a breakdown of this regulation is observed in pathological disease. The role of TLR expression and function in relation to intracellular parasites has been documented but limited studies are available for multicellular helminth parasites. In this review, we discuss the unique and shared host effector mechanisms elicited by systemic helminth parasites and their derived products, including the role of TLRs and sphingolipids. Understanding and exploiting the interactions between these parasites and the host regulatory network are likely to highlight new strategies to control both infectious and immunological diseases.
Numerical Simulation Modeling of Carbonate Reservoir Based on Rock Type
Authors: Lian Peiqing , Ma Cuiyu , Ji Bingyu , Duan Taizhong , Tan Xuequn
Published: November 2017

There are many types of carbonate reservoir rock spaces with complex shapes, and their primary pore structure changes dramatically. In order to describe the heterogeneity of K carbonate reservoir, equations of porosity, permeability and pore throat radii under different mercury injection saturations are fitted, and it shows that 30% is the best percentile. R30 method is presented for rock typing, and six rock types are divided according to R30 value of plugs. The porosity-permeability relationship is established for each rock type, and their relevant flow characteristics of each rock type have been studied. Logs are utilized to predict rock types of noncored wells, and a three-dimensional (3D) rock type model has been established based on the well rock type curves and the sedimentary facies constraint. Based on the relationship between J function and water saturation, the formula of water saturation, porosity, permeability, and oil column height can be obtained by multiple regressions for each rock type. Then, the water saturation is calculated for each grid, and a 3D water saturation model is established. The model can reflect the formation heterogeneity and the fluid distribution, and its accuracy is verified by the history matching.
SlicerDMRI: Open Source Diffusion MRI Software for Brain Cancer Research
Authors: Norton Isaiah , Essayed Walid Ibn , Zhang Fan , Pujol Sonia , Yarmarkovich Alex , Golby Alexandra J. , Kindlmann Gordon , Wassermann Demian , Estepar Raul San Jose , Rathi Yogesh , Pieper Steve , Kikinis Ron , Johnson Hans J. , Westin Carl-Fredrik , O'Donnell Lauren J.
Published: November 2017

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is the only noninvasive method for mapping white matter connections in the brain. We describe SlicerDMRI, a software suite that enables visualization and analysis of dMRI for neuroscientific studies and patient-specific anatomic assessment. SlicerDMRI has been successfully applied in multiple studies of the human brain in health and disease, and here, we especially focus on its cancer research applications. As an extension module of the 3D Slicer medical image computing platform, the SlicerDMRI suite enables dMRI analysis in a clinically relevant multimodal imaging workflow. Core SlicerDMRI functionality includes diffusion tensor estimation, white matter tractography with single and multi-fiber models, and dMRI quantification. SlicerDMRI supports clinical DICOM and research file formats, is open-source and cross-platform, and can be installed as an extension to 3D Slicer (www.slicer.org). More information, videos, tutorials, and sample data are available at dmri.slicer.org. Cancer Res; 77(21); e101–3. ©2017 AACR.
CRAVAT 4: Cancer-Related Analysis of Variants Toolkit
Authors: Masica David L. , Douville Christopher , Tokheim Collin , Bhattacharya Rohit , Kim RyangGuk , Moad Kyle , Ryan Michael C. , Karchin Rachel
Published: November 2017

Cancer sequencing studies are increasingly comprehensive and well powered, returning long lists of somatic mutations that can be difficult to sort and interpret. Diligent analysis and quality control can require multiple computational tools of distinct utility and producing disparate output, creating additional challenges for the investigator. The Cancer-Related Analysis of Variants Toolkit (CRAVAT) is an evolving suite of informatics tools for mutation interpretation that includes mutation mapping and quality control, impact prediction and extensive annotation, gene- and mutation-level interpretation, including joint prioritization of all nonsilent mutation consequence types, and structural and mechanistic visualization. Results from CRAVAT submissions are explored in an interactive, user-friendly web environment with dynamic filtering and sorting designed to highlight the most informative mutations, even in the context of very large studies. CRAVAT can be run on a public web portal, in the cloud, or downloaded for local use, and is easily integrated with other methods for cancer omics analysis. Cancer Res; 77(21); e35–38. ©2017 AACR.
Chemopreventive and Antitumor Efficacy of Curcumin in a Spontaneously Developing Hen Ovarian Cancer Model
Authors: Sahin Kazim , Orhan Cemal , Tuzcu Mehmet , Sahin Nurhan , Tastan Hakkı , Özercan İbrahim Hanifi , Güler Osman , Kahraman Nermin , Kucuk Omer , Ozpolat Bulent
Published: November 2017

We investigated the effect of daily dietary curcumin intake on the development and progression of spontaneous ovarian cancer in a galline (hen) model, as the chicken is the only nonhuman animal in which ovarian cancer spontaneously develops with a high prevalence. At the end of 12 months, ovarian cancer had spontaneously developed in 39% (35/90) of control hens not fed curcumin (n = 90). In comparison, it spontaneously developed in 27% (24/90) and 17% (15/90) of hens given curcumin at 25.8 (n = 90) and 53.0 mg/day (n = 90), respectively (P = 0.004). This represented significant dose-dependent reductions in overall ovarian cancer incidence in the 25.8 and 53.0 mg/day curcumin-fed groups (31% and 57%, respectively). Daily curcumin intake also reduced ovarian tumor sizes (P = 0.04) and number of tumors (P = 0.006). Evaluation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive and antitumor effects of curcumin revealed that NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways were significantly inhibited but that the nuclear factor erythroid 2/heme oxygenase 1 antioxidant pathway was induced by curcumin intake in a dose-dependent manner in ovarian tissues (P < 0.05). Sequencing of the Ras family genes (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS) revealed less frequent KRAS and HRAS mutations in ovarian tumors in the curcumin-fed animals. In conclusion, our results demonstrated for the first time that daily curcumin intake leads to a significant and dose-dependent reduction in spontaneous ovarian cancer incidence and tumor growth, indicating a tremendous role for curcumin as a chemopreventive strategy for ovarian cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 11(1); 59–67. ©2017 AACR.
Targeting “Retired Antigens” for Cancer Immunoprevention
Authors: Shoemaker Robert H. , Forsthuber Thomas G.
Published: November 2017

Identification of immune targets for cancer immunoprevention, or immunotherapy, has historically focused on tumor-associated (self) antigens or neoantigens expressed on malignant cells. For self-antigens, overcoming tolerance can be a difficult challenge. Neoantigens do not suffer from this limitation, but the lack of recurrent mutations yielding common neoantigens that can be exploited in vaccines is a problem for many tumor types. Targeting “retired antigens,” a specialized type of self-antigen, may have considerable advantages. Antigens no longer expressed in mature or aged individuals should pose reduced risk of autoimmune sequelae. Indeed, self-tolerance of these antigens may have naturally faded. Thus, when the retired antigens are highly expressed in cancer cells, it may be easier to overcome the remaining tolerance. Women who are BRCA1/2 carriers may be among the first to benefit as candidate retired antigens have been identified as highly expressed in ovarian and breast cancer cells. Although there is good preclinical data supporting this immune targeting concept, additional research is needed to understand the underlying immune phenomena and optimize the vaccine strategy. Cancer Prev Res; 10(11); 607–8. ©2017 AACR.

See related article by Mazumder et al., p. 612
Selection of Character Coding Method Is Not Phylogenetically Neutral: A Test Case Using Hominoids
Authors: Worthington Steven
Published: November 2017

The early stages of phylogenetic inference from morphological data involve a sequence of choices about which analytical methods to employ. At each stage, the selection of one method over another can dramatically impact tree inference. Phylogenetic hypotheses are sensitive to decisions relating to which taxa and characters to select for analysis, whether and how to delimit character states, which taxa to use as outgroups, and how to account for character dependence. Using extant hominoids as a test case, I quantify the degree to which phylogenetic inferences are sensitive to the choice of method used to transform continuously scaled variables into categorical traits. I demonstrate that the character coding strategy significantly impacts hypotheses of character state identity and phylogenetic branching patterns. To avoid biasing evolutionary hypotheses, I recommend that continuously scaled characters be analyzed without prior discretization.
Fluoxetine Treatment in Rats Increases the Rate of Taurine Transport in Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Colmenares-Aguilar María Gabriela , Urbina Mary , Obregón Francisco , Fazzino Fili , Lima Lucimey
Published: November 2017

Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, modulates the mitogen-induced proliferation of lymphocytes. Lymphocytes contain taurine and express taurine transporter (TauT). Among the effects of taurine on lymphocytes are protection against oxidants and regulation of the inflammatory aspects of the immune response. Our aim was to determine the influence of fluoxetine treatment on taurine transport, and to determine the presence of TauT in the mononuclear cells of rats. Methods: Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with fluoxetine 10 mg/kg i.p. for 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The cells were obtained by density gradients. [3H]Taurine was used for transport assays. Amino acid levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Immunolabeling of CD4+, CD8+, and TauT was performed. The mRNA of TauT was evaluated by RT-PCR. Controls were included for each protocol. Results: The transport of taurine, after 1 week of treatment, was significantly augmented compared to controls. The affinity significantly increased at 1 and 2 weeks. While the percentage of CD4+ cells decreased and that of CD8+ cells increased, the percentage of TauT in CD4+ and CD8+ cells was not affected. Reduction of levels of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, alanine, glycine, and arginine occurred at 1 and 2 weeks. The taurine concentration significantly decreased after 2 and 3 weeks of treatment. The estimation of mRNA of TauT was not different. Conclusion: Taurine transport increases with fluoxetine treatment, and so this could be related to an immunomodulatory role of fluoxetine through TauT. Inhibition of serotonin reuptake might be involved in the regulation of taurine transport in mononuclear cells.
An Experimental Study to Measure the Mechanical Properties of the Human Liver
Authors: Karimi Alireza , Shojaei Ahmad
Published: November 2017

Background: Since the liver is one of the most important organs of the body that can be injured during trauma, that is, during accidents like car crashes, understanding its mechanical properties is of great interest. Experimental data is needed to address the mechanical properties of the liver to be used for a variety of applications, such as the numerical simulations for medical purposes, including the virtual reality simulators, trauma research, diagnosis objectives, as well as injury biomechanics. However, the data on the mechanical properties of the liver capsule is limited to the animal models or confined to the tensile/compressive loading under single direction. Therefore, this study was aimed at experimentally measuring the axial and transversal mechanical properties of the human liver capsule under both the tensile and compressive loadings. Methods: To do that, 20 human cadavers were autopsied and their liver capsules were excised and histologically analyzed to extract the mean angle of a large fibers population (bundle of the fine collagen fibers). Thereafter, the samples were cut and subjected to a series of axial and transversal tensile/compressive loadings. Results: The results revealed the tensile elastic modulus of 12.16 ± 1.20 (mean ± SD) and 7.17 ± 0.85 kPa under the axial and transversal loadings respectively. Correspondingly, the compressive elastic modulus of 196.54 ± 13.15 and 112.41 ± 8.98 kPa were observed under the axial and transversal loadings respectively. The compressive axial and transversal maximum/failure stress of the capsule were 32.54 and 37.30 times higher than that of the tensile ones respectively. The capsule showed a stiffer behavior under the compressive load compared to the tensile one. In addition, the axial elastic modulus of the capsule was found to be higher than that of the transversal one. Conclusions: The findings of the current study have implications not only for understanding the mechanical properties of the human capsule tissue under tensile/compressive loading, but also for providing unprocessed data for both the doctors and engineers to be used for diagnosis and simulation purposes.
Efferent Axonal Projections of the Habenular Complex in the Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina orientalis
Authors: Laberge Frédéric , Smith Allison
Published: November 2017

The habenular complex and its associated axonal pathways are often thought of as phylogenetically conserved features of the brain among vertebrates despite the fact that detailed studies of this brain region are limited to a few species. Here, the gross morphology and axonal projection pattern of the habenular complex of an anuran amphibian, the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis, was studied to allow comparison with the situation in other vertebrates. Axonal pathways were traced using biocytin applications in dissected brain preparations. The results show that the rostral part of the left dorsal nucleus is enlarged in this species, while the rostral ventral nucleus and caudal parts do not show left-right size differences. Biocytin applications revealed widespread axonal projections of the habenular complex to the posterior tuberculum/dorsal hypothalamic region, ventral tegmentum, interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), and raphe median. Additionally, axons targeting the lateral hypothalamus originated from the ventral habenular nuclei. The results also suggest an asymmetrical pattern of projection to the IPN in the rostral part of the habenular complex, where the left habenula preferentially targeted the dorsal IPN while the right habenula preferentially targeted the ventral IPN. The caudal habenular nuclei showed no asymmetry of projections as both sides targeted the ventral IPN. Comparison of the habenular complex axonal connectivity across vertebrates argues against strong phylogenetic conservation of the axonal projection patterns of different habenular nuclei.
Preoperative Nutritional Optimization for Crohn’s Disease Patients Can Improve Surgical Outcome
Authors: Dreznik Yael , Horesh Nir , Gutman Mordechai , Gravetz Aviad , Amiel Imri , Jacobi Harel , Zmora Oded , Rosin Danny
Published: November 2017

Background: Preoperative preparation of patients with Crohn’s disease is challenging and there are no specific guidelines regarding nutritional support. The aim of this study was to assess whether preoperative nutritional support influenced the postoperative outcome. Methods: A retrospective, cohort study including all Crohn’s disease patients who underwent abdominal surgery between 2008 and 2014 was conducted. Patients’ characteristics and clinical and surgical data were recorded and analyzed. Results: Eighty-seven patients were included in the study. Thirty-seven patients (42.5%) received preoperative nutritional support (mean albumin level 3.14 vs. 3.5 mg/dL in the non-optimized group; p < 0.02) to optimize their nutritional status prior to surgery. Preoperative albumin level, after adequate nutritional preparation, was similar between the 2 groups. The 2 groups differ neither in demographic and surgical data, overall post-op complication (p = 0.85), Clavien-Dindo score (p = 0.42), and length of stay (p = 0.1). Readmission rate was higher in the non-optimized group (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Nutritional support can minimize postoperative complications in patients with low albumin levels. Nutritional status should be optimized in order to avoid hazardous complications.
The Prevalence of Periodontitis Is Increased in Psoriasis and Linked to Its Inverse Subtype
Authors: Painsi Clemens , Hirtenfelder Alexander , Lange-Asschenfeldt Bernhard , Quehenberger Franz , Wolf Peter
Published: November 2017

Periodontitis and psoriasis are suggested to be co-occurring, chronic inflammatory conditions with overlapping characteristics. However, respective evidence is rare and data on risk factors of periodontitis in psoriasis patients are minimal. The aim of this study was to expand the evidence of psoriasis-associated periodontitis and establish a potential risk profile for periodontitis. In total, data from 209 exacerbated psoriasis patients were retrospectively analyzed on recordings of periodontitis and compared with those of 91 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Analysis showed a significantly increased prevalence of periodontitis in psoriasis compared to CSU patients with an odds ratio of 3.76 (95% CI = 1.60-10.27, p = 0.001). Within the psoriatic subtypes, the presence of the inverse type (affecting intertriginous body areas) was strongly linked to periodontitis with an odds ratio of 5.11 (95% CI = 1.36-20.38, p = 0.006). These results are enlarging the evidence for psoriasis-associated periodontitis and identify a link between the inverse type of psoriasis and periodontitis.
Impact of Stressful Life Events on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Yu Tsung , Frei Anja , ter Riet Gerben , Puhan Milo A.
Published: November 2017

Background: There is a general notion that stressful life events may cause mental and physical health problems. Objectives: We aimed to describe stressful life events reported by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to assess their impact on health outcomes and behaviors. Methods: Two hundred and sixty-six primary care patients who participated in the ICE COLD ERIC cohort study were asked to document any stressful life events in the past 3 years. We assessed the before-after (the event) changes for symptoms of depression and anxiety, health status, dyspnea-related quality of life, exacerbations, cigarette use, and physical activity. We used linear regression analysis to estimate the crude and adjusted magnitude of the before-after changes. Results: About 41% (110/266) of patients reported the experience of any stressful life events and “death of relatives/important persons” was most common (31%). After accounting for age, sex, living status, lung function, and anxiety/depression status at baseline, experiencing any stressful life events was associated with a 0.9-point increase on the depression scale (95% CI 0.3 to 1.4), a 0.8-point increase on the anxiety scale (95% CI 0.3 to 1.3), and a 0.8-point decrease in the physical activity score (95% CI –1.6 to 0). Conclusions: Experiencing stressful life events was associated with a small to moderate increase in symptoms of depression and anxiety in COPD, but no discernable effect was found for other physical outcomes. However, confirmation of these results in other COPD cohorts and identification of patients particularly vulnerable to stressful life events are needed.
Contatti e contagi, poesia italiana in Brasile : nuove testualità
Authors: Peterle Patrícia
Published: November 2017

Entre a cultura italiana e a brasileira há muitos casos de novas textualidades ou “fenômenos de hibridização”. No que diz respeito às relações literárias, o mapeamento da cartografia destes contatos e contágios é complexa, produzindo novas reescrituras a partir da literatura italiana traduzida no Brasil.
Manganelli "posfaciado" no Brasil
Authors: Santurbano Andrea
Published: November 2017

É sabido como o escritor italiano Giorgio Manganelli (1922-1990) amava escrever para seus livros orelhas e contracapas que, de alguma forma, dialogavam e integravam o próprio texto. Já em dois dos seus três livros traduzidos no Brasil – Hilarotragoedia (Imago, 1993) e Centúria (Iluminuras, 1995) –, encontram- se prefácios e introduções, sendo reposicionados ou parcialmente omitidos os peritextos, de acordo com a definição de Genette, originais. Este artigo, portanto, pretende analisar a diferente articulação dos paratextos nas edições traduzidas, a fim de refletir sobre as estratégias pensadas para a recepção no Brasil de um autor, sem dúvida, de difícil acesso.
Pinocchio, Pinóquio - o percurso de um boneco de madeira no Brasil
Authors: Rizzotto Maysa
Published: November 2017

A obra de Carlo Collodi (1826 – 1890) Pinocchio é conhecida no mundo inteiro por suas diferentes traduções e adaptações. Esse trabalho propõe uma análise, a partir do conceito de paratexto de Gérard Genette, de algumas edições brasileiras, publicadas entre 1929 e 2012. O objetivo, portanto, é pensar como essa obra foi sendo apresentada ao longo das décadas para o leitor brasileiro
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on Exercise Capacity and Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights From Cardiopulmonary Stress Testing
Authors: Elshazly Mohamed B. , Senn Todd , Wu Yuping , Lindsay Bruce , Saliba Walid , Wazni Oussama , Cho Leslie
Published: November 2017

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) has been objectively associated with exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; however, its impact in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has not been fully scrutinized.

Methods and Results

We identified 1744 patients with heart failure and ejection fraction ≥50% referred for cardiopulmonary stress testing at the Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, OH), 239 of whom had
AF
. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting to balance clinical characteristics between patients with and without
AF
. A weighted linear regression model, adjusted for unbalanced variables (age, sex, diagnosis, hypertension, and β‐blocker use), was used to compare metabolic stress parameters and 8‐year total mortality (social security index) between both groups. Weighted mean ejection fraction was 58±5.9% in the entire population. After adjusting for unbalanced weighted variables, patients with
AF
versus those without
AF
had lower mean peak oxygen consumption (18.5±6.2 versus 20.3±7.1 mL/kg per minute), oxygen pulse (12.4±4.3 versus 12.9±4.7 mL/beat), and circulatory power (2877±1402 versus 3351±1788 mm Hg·mL/kg per minute) (
P
<0.001 for all comparisons) but similar submaximal exercise capacity (oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold, 12.0±5.1 versus 12.4±6.0mL/kg per minute;
P
=0.3). Both groups had similar peak heart rate, whereas mean peak systolic blood pressure was lower in the
AF
group (150±35 versus 160±51 mm Hg;
P
<0.001). Moreover,
AF
was associated with higher total mortality.

Conclusions

In the largest study of its kind, we demonstrate that
AF
is associated with peak exercise intolerance, impaired contractile reserve, and increased mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Whether
AF
is the primary offender in these patients or merely a bystander to worse diastolic function requires further investigation.
Rousing a Response: When the United States Changes Policy toward Mass Killing
Authors: Rothschild Amanda J.
Published: November 2017

When do U.S. presidents change policy to respond with increased intensity to mass killings of civilians in other countries? The twentieth century witnessed a series of state-sponsored mass killings in a variety of regions around the world. Conventional arguments suggest that although the United States has the capability of responding to such atrocities, it often fails to do so because of a lack of political will for action. Historical evidence suggests, however, that although the modal response of the United States is inaction, at times U.S. presidents reverse course to respond more forcefully to mass killings. Three factors explain when and why these policy shifts happen: the level at which dissent occurs within the U.S. government, the degree of congressional pressure for policy change, and the extent to which the case of mass killing poses a political liability for the president. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's creation of the War Refugee Board in 1944 during the Holocaust supports this theory.
Making History: Identity, Progress and the Modern-Science Archive
Authors: Ragab Ahmed
Published: October 2017

The history of pre- and early-modern science, medicine, and technology in the Islamicate world has been traditionally charted around certain signposts: Translation, Golden Age, and Decline. These signposts tethered the history of Islamic sciences to a European story that culminates in the Scientific Revolution and that links European colonial expansion (causally and chronologically) to modernity. This article looks at the roots of the classical narrative of the history of Islamic sciences and explores its connections to the production of colonial sciences and the proliferation of colonial education. Moving beyond the validity or accuracy of the Golden-Age/Decline narrative, it asks about the archives that such a narrative constructs and the viability of categories and chronologies, such as the “early modern,” in thinking about histories of the Global South, in general, and of the Islamicate “world” in particular.
Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), with descriptions of seven new species and host plant associations
Authors: BRITO ROSÂNGELA , LOPEZ-VAAMONDE CARLOS , GONÇALVES GISLENE L. , BECKER VITOR O. , MIELKE OLAF H.H. , MOREIRA GILSON R. P.
Published: November 2017

Until now, 20 species of leaf-mining micromoths of the genus Phyllocnistis Zeller (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) have been known to occur in the Neotropical region. Here we revise the previously known species and describe seven new species: four from French Guiana, P. kawakitai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. norak Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. ohshimai Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov., P. petronellii Brito & Lopez-Vaamonde, sp. nov.; and, three from Brazil, P. helios Brito & Moreira, sp. nov., P. jupiter Brito & Moreira, sp. nov. and P. xylopiella Brito & Becker, sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for P. aurilinea Zeller, 1877; P. citrella Stainton, 1856; P. rotans and P. sexangula Meyrick, 1915. Detailed descriptions of the pattern of forewing fasciae are provided for all species. Host plant associations, photographs of adults and illustrations of genitalia, when available, are provided for the described species of Neotropical Phyllocnistis. In addition, DNA barcodes were used for the delimitation of some species.
First record and a new species of Cylindroxystus Bierig (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae) in Colombia
Authors: RAMÍREZ JOSÉ , ASENJO ANGÉLICO
Published: November 2017

Cylindroxystus janualis sp. nov., of the Paederinae, subtribe Cylindroxystina, from Chocó, northwest Colombia is described, illustrated and distinguished from the other species mainly using aedeagal characters. This is the first record of Cylindroxystus Bierig 1943 from Colombia.
On the distribution and natural history of a rarely encountered species: Goliathus (Fornasinius) klingbeili Zöller, Fiebig, & Schulze, 1995 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)
Authors: MAQUART P.O. , MALEC P.
Published: November 2017

Mudge et al. (2012) surveyed the Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Ghana and recorded Goliathus (Fornasinius) higginsi Westwood, 1874, but no other species from this subgenus. We add the rare species Goliathus (Fornasinius) klingbeili Zöller, Fiebig, & Schulze, 1995 as a new country record for Ghana from the dense forests of the Volta and Eastern Regions. The species was previously reported as very rare in Togo (Zöller et al. 1995) in the northern dry part of the Bafilo Region. We record that the larvae develop in hyrax (Dendrohyrax dorsalis (Fraser, 1855) (Mammalia: Procaviidae) middens and can be locally common in this microhabitat. The purpose of this note is to record the new distributional and natural history data, discuss the taxonomy and bionomy of the subgenus Goliathus (Fornasinius) Bertoloni, 1852, and provide a key to species.
A systematic revision of Charissa, subgenus Pterygnophos Wehrli, 1951, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: ERLACHER SVEN , PALMA LAURA MARRERO , ERLACHER JOSEPHA
Published: November 2017

The subgenus Pterygnophos Wehrli, 1951 within the genus Charissa Curtis, 1826 nomen protectum (= Hyposcotis Hübner, [1825] nomen oblitum) is taxonomically revised based on morphology and DNA barcoding. The subgenus comprises four species in total which are presented in detail. Diagnostic characters are depicted and keys to the species based on the morphology of male and female genitalia are provided. Males and females of each species and their genitalia are illustrated. The distribution of all species is described and figured on a map, and a neighbor joining tree based on DNA barcoding of 17 specimens is presented. Charissa (Pterygnophos) beljaevi spec. nov. from Mongolia is described as new. A neotype for Gnophos creperaria Erschoff, 1877, and lectotypes for Gnophos deliciaria shantungensis Wehrli, 1953, Gnophos dorkadiaria Wehrli, 1922, Gnophos ochrofasciata Staudinger, 1895, and Gnophos finitimaria Fuchs, 1899 are designated. The following synonyms are recognized: Gnophos finitimaria Fuchs, 1899 syn. nov. is a synonym of Gnophos ochrofasciata Staudinger, 1895 and Gnophos deliciaria shantungensis Wehrli, 1953 syn. nov. is a synonym of Gnophos agnitaria Staudinger, 1897.
Rullierinereis imajimai nom. nov., a replacement name for R. profunda Imajima, 2009, secondary homonym to R. profunda (Hartman, 1965), formerly Namalycastis profundus
Authors: TANAKA MASAATSU , SATO MASANORI
Published: November 2017

Hartman (1965) described a nereidid species, Namalycastis profundus[sic], based on a deep-sea specimen collected from off Bermuda (1000 m deep) in the NW Atlantic. Although Hartman (1965) did not mention its etymology, the specific name is believed to be derived from the Latin adjective “profund-” meaning “deep.” Because Namalycastis is feminine in gender (Glasby et al. 2016), the original specific name as masculine was incorrect and must be corrected to N. profunda for mandatory gender agreement under Articles 31.2 and 34.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (hereafter, “the Code”) (International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature 1999).
Difficult People: Who Is Perceived to Be Demanding in Personal Networks and Why Are They There?
Authors: Offer Shira , Fischer Claude S.
Published: October 2017

Why do people maintain ties with individuals whom they find difficult? Standard network theories imply that such alters are avoided or dropped. Drawing on a survey of over 1,100 diverse respondents who described over 12,000 relationships, we examined which among those ties respondents nominated as a person whom they “sometimes find demanding or difficult.” Those so listed composed about 15 percent of all alters in the network. After holding ego and alter traits constant, close kin, especially women relatives and aging parents, were especially likely to be named as difficult alters. Non-kin described as friends were less likely, and those described as co-workers more likely, to be listed only as difficult alters. These results suggest that normative and institutional constraints may force people to retain difficult and demanding alters in their networks. We also found that providing support to alters, but not receiving support from those alters, was a major source of difficulty in these relationships. Furthermore, the felt burden of providing support was not attenuated by receiving assistance, suggesting that alters involved in reciprocated exchanges were not less often labeled difficult than were those in unreciprocated ones. This study underlines the importance of constraints in personal networks.
How to Manage Crowdsourcing Platforms Effectively?
Authors: Blohm Ivo , Zogaj Shkodran , Bretschneider Ulrich , Leimeister Jan Marco
Published: October 2017

To profit from crowdsourcing, organizations can engage in four different approaches: microtasking, information pooling, broadcast search, and open collaboration. This article presents 21 governance mechanisms that can help organizations manage their crowdsourcing platforms. It investigates the effectiveness of these governance mechanisms in 19 case studies and recommends specific configurations of these mechanisms for each of the four crowdsourcing approaches. Also, it offers guidance to organizations that host a crowdsourcing platform by providing recommendations for implementing governance mechanisms into their platforms and building up governance capabilities for crowdsourcing.
The Relation Between Activity-Based Work Environments and Office Workers’ Job Attitudes and Vitality
Authors: Wohlers Christina , Hartner-Tiefenthaler Martina , Hertel Guido
Published: October 2017

Activity-based work environments (WEs) aim to support office workers doing both concentrated and communicative work, but empirical tests are rare. We expected the availability of different WEs to be beneficial for job attitudes and vitality, and that the benefits would be stronger when available WEs were perceived to fit to tasks, and when workers used WEs appropriately. As predictors of appropriate use of WEs, we postulated need for routine seeking and trust in management. Hypotheses were tested in a questionnaire study with 560 office workers from different organizations. The availability of WEs that support undisturbed working was positively related to job attitudes and vitality. For WEs that support communicative work, job attitudes and vitality were additionally explained by the relative fit to the task and appropriate use of WEs. Finally, appropriate use of WEs correlated positively with trust in management and negatively with workers’ need for routine seeking.
Antimicrobial Utilization Pattern in Pediatric Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: The Need for Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Girma Samuel , Sisay Mekonnen , Mengistu Getnet , Amare Firehiwot , Edessa Dumessa
Published: October 2017

Background: Antimicrobials are among the most frequently prescribed medications for pediatric patients. However, inappropriate use of them can increase morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and largely antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to assess the antimicrobial utilization pattern in the pediatric ward of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial utilization. In this study, 403 pediatric medical records selected by systematic random sampling were reviewed. Data were collected using structured data abstraction format. Results: Ceftriaxone (n = 176, 26.5%), gentamicin (n = 125, 18.82%), and ampicillin (n = 119, 17.9%) were the most frequently prescribed antimicrobials, whereas ampicillin and gentamicin combination took the largest percentage share (n = 91, 43.3%). The most common reasons for which antimicrobials prescribed were severe pneumonia (n = 93, 18.82%), severe acute malnutrition (n = 69, 13.97%), and meningitis (n = 67, 13.56%). On average, the highest number of antimicrobials per card was observed in neonates. The percentage of antimicrobials administered by parenteral route was found to be 84.33%. Less than half of antimicrobials (46.98%) were prescribed with dosage form. Besides, strength and duration were recorded in 20.03% and 4.21% of antimicrobial agents, respectively. Conclusion: Generally, there was an overuse of injectables despite the fact that oral formulations are safer alternatives. This result is too far from World Health Organization (WHO) standard (13.4%-21.1%). The degree of polypharmacy of antimicrobials falls within the WHO cutoff point (<2). There are no antibiogram tests conducted in the hospital. By and large, this study provides an impetus towards the establishment of antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Husband’s Unemployment and Wife’s Labor Supply: The Added Worker Effect across Europe
Authors: Bredtmann Julia , Otten Sebastian , Rulff Christian
Published: October 2017

This article investigates the responsiveness of women’s labor supply to their husband’s job loss—the so-called added worker effect. The authors contribute to the literature by taking an explicit internationally comparative perspective in analyzing the variation of the added worker effect across welfare regimes. Using longitudinal data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey covering 28 European countries from 2004 to 2013, they find evidence of an added worker effect, which, however, varies over both the business cycle and the different welfare regimes in Europe. The latter result might be explained, in part, by differences in the design of the unemployment benefit system across countries, which create different incentives for the labor supply of wives of unemployed men.
Concessions or Crackdown: How Regime Stability Shapes Democratic Responses to Hostage taking Terrorism
Authors: Saygili Aslihan
Published: October 2017

A prominent view in the terrorism literature is that democracies make soft targets for terrorists due to their citizenry’s low tolerance for civilian casualties. This study tests this claim in the context of hostage taking terrorism, which is a unique form of violence that coerces the target state into negotiating over its citizens’ lives under public scrutiny. I argue that democratic accountability generates softer responses to hostage crises only in mature democracies, where leaders’ concern over being held accountable for the human costs of a no-concessions policy outweighs the reputational costs of conceding to terrorists’ demands. Using data on government responses to hostage incidents from 1978 to 2005, I find that regime type becomes a significant predictor of target concessions only at higher levels of regime stability. To test the accountability mechanism proposed by theory, I examine the effect of electoral cycles on target response; as expected, while nearing elections soften democratic responses to hostage crises, in general their positive effect on the likelihood of concessions is stronger in consolidated democracies.
International Trade and UK De-Industrialisation
Authors: Foliano Francesca , Riley Rebecca
Published: November 2017

The past 25 years have been characterised by a surge in international trade as economies have become increasingly inter-linked. In many advanced economies this surge has been associated with increased import competition from low-wage economies. This paper explores the effects of such competition on manufacturing jobs in the UK. We consider two developments that influenced the nature of international trade: the ascendency of China as an important player in global markets and the accession to the European Union of a number of Eastern European economies in 2004. Both of these changes were associated with a shift in trade regimes and led to a sharp rise in import competition in particular UK manufacturing sectors. We find that these changes are likely to have hastened the decline of UK manufacturing.
Brexit and the UK Automotive Industry
Authors: Bailey David , De Propris Lisa
Published: November 2017

The UK's automotive industry has been one of the ‘star performers’ of the UK economy in recent years – unlike most other manufacturing sectors. Output has increased by over 60 per cent since 2010 and there has been over £8 billion worth of investment in the industry in the past five years. The industry supports some 800,000 jobs in the UK. It is seen as having benefitted from EU membership. So what might Brexit mean for the UK automotive sector, and its workers? This paper considers short-run impacts, before turning to the impact of uncertainty on foreign direct investment inflows and then the nature of a possible trading relationship. Some brief reflections on policy implications round off the paper.
Governing the global locally: Agonistic democracy practices in The Hague’s Schilderswijk
Authors: Verloo Nanke
Published: October 2017

Cities have become stages for (inter)national conflicts over political and religious identity, democratic values and ownership of place. These ‘glocal urban conflicts’ challenge local actors to respond immediately and effectively in ways that prevent escalation and strengthen democratic relations. The theory of agonistic democracy provides a valuable model that celebrates difference and inclusiveness to foster democracy. There is, however, little understanding of how these agnostic ideals are practiced in rapidly unfolding situations. This article provides a case study to further our understanding of dealing with conflicts where global tensions are enacted at the street level. It proposes an interpretative approach that brings into focus how a decentred network of local professionals practice agnostic democracy in action. The local government of The Hague was challenged to ‘govern the global locally’ when young Muslims waved flags allying with ISIS on the streets of the Schilderswijk neighbourhood. A series of local demonstrations required appropriate responses in a highly mediatised conflict. The analysis provides three ‘critical moments’ that function as a lens to study governance practices that underscore diversity as a political resource. Practices of ‘governing meaning’ and ‘governing the street’ addressed concerns about security, ownership and local grievances.