bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Posting Online Reviews Can Influence the Poster’s Evaluations
Authors: Kim TaeWoo , Duhachek Adam , Briñol Pablo , Petty Richard E.
Published: December 2020

The current research demonstrates that posting online reviews can influence the evaluations of the individual posting the review. Across four studies, we examine the impact of individuals’ naive theories about the meaning of their own posting on subsequent attitudes. In these experiments, individuals were assigned to write either positive or negative reviews about various products and services and then post them. The meaning associated with posting a review was varied to indicate either high validity (e.g., saving, extending, sharing) or low validity (e.g., deleting, hiding, archiving) with respect to their previously written reviews. When posting was associated with a high validity meaning, it increased reliance on those thoughts polarizing attitudes and behavioral intentions compared with when the posting was associated with a low validity meaning. These findings were mediated by the impact of meaning on thought confidence.
Theorizing and Documenting Cultural Insularity in the Center: A Critical Analysis of U.S. College Students’ English-Language Spotify Consumption Orientations
Authors: Demont-Heinrich Christof
Published: December 2020

This paper highlights an instructive case of cultural insularity in the center (CIC) and illustrates the potential theoretical and analytical utility of a theory of CIC. CIC refers to a tendency among many American cultural consumers toward comparative inwardness in their cultural consumption orientations. This insular tendency is particularly pronounced vis-a-vis “language heavy” cultural goods such as popular music. I critically engage the notion of CIC via a textual analysis of the written discourse of 86 American undergraduates produced via an assignment completed in four international communication classes. This assignment asked students to investigate popular music on Spotify sung in languages other than English and to write about their process. I use this analysis of undergraduate written reflection vis-à-vis their exploration of non-English language pop music to reflect on the general explanatory utility of CIC. Ultimately, a CIC model encourages us to critically explore the unique ways in which American cultural consumers and Anglo-American consumers in countries such as the United Kingdom are positioned vis-à-vis the global cultural system. More broadly, CIC encourages us to critically engage the ways in which the global cultural system orients toward an English-language dominated center, especially in the cultural domain of popular music.
Using the RE-AIM framework to identify and describe nutritional feeding styles and intervention model best practices for primary caregivers in Africa: A narrative review
Authors: Brown Melissa , Roman Nicolette V
Published: December 2020

Background:

Current research shows that across the world people are eating poorly. This is leading to increased incidences of nutrition-related health problems.

Aim:

This paper aims to provide a synthesis of research on the nutritional feeding programs and nutritional models used by primary caregivers in Africa, in order to identify best practice models, programs, and processes from the field of nutritional and feeding intervention development.

Methods:

The research used a narrative review methodology. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was used to disseminate results to allow for cross-comparison of core components inherent in health promotion interventions. We chose the RE-AIM framework as it facilitates the development, delivery, and evaluation of health interventions.

Results:

After screening a total of 8220 articles, four studies were deemed relevant for the purposes of this review. The selected studies were the only ones that discussed nutrition interventions or programs with a very clear aim and purpose, even though they did not include any information on implementation, review or evaluation of these interventions/program. No studies focusing on the African context were deemed relevant as none of them focused on best practice models for nutrition education interventions or programs.

Conclusions:

Of a review of over 8220 articles, four studies were found that discuss nutritional feeding programs and nutritional models used by primary caregivers. Of these four, only one focused on enablers, barriers, and resources, all of which are essential for engaging in health behavior change. And only one focused on sustainability of the interventions.
Blockage of extracorporeal circulation during emergency surgery for fulminant infective endocarditis
Authors: Pietrzyk Edward , Polewczyk Anna , Ciuraszkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

A 37-years-old man with a history of alcohol abuse and pancreatitis, presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of progressively worsening dyspnoea with a fever up to 39°C. Echocardiography revealed bicuspid aortic valve with additional mobile structure and perforation of leaflet with acute aortic regurgitation. Due to rapidly deteriorating condition of the patient, a decision about immediate surgery was made. In the operating room, cardiac arrest in the asystole mechanism occurred. Extracorporeal circulation was turned on during direct heart massage. After opening of the aorta, the circulation was blocked by total clogging of the arterial line filter by fibrine deposits. The oxygenator was replaced which resulted a break in extracorporeal circulation lasting about 10 min. Patients survived surgery and was discharged after 6 week antibiotic therapy.
Advocating for Nutrition Education, Promotion, and Care Among Dementia Residents: Considerations for Long-Term Care Professionals
Authors: Alissa Nawal A.
Published: December 2020

In 2015, a total of 5.3 million Americans had dementia. As the number of older adults continues to grow, the older adult population with dementia conditions is expected to increase from its current number of 5.1 million to 7.1 million by 2025, representing a 40% increase. This exponential growth places a tremendous burden on long-term care facilities at a rapid pace. Taking care of residents with dementia has already proven to be a costly undertaking with the care given to these individuals in 2014 amounting to 17.9 billion hours in unpaid hourly care. One area of care that is often neglected is the proper nutrition of dementia residents. Dementia residents often have problems with appetite and they may fail to completely consume their provided meals if no one is there to encourage them to eat. Proper nutrition is crucial for dementia patients not only to prevent weight loss, but also to slow the progress of the condition. Nutritional feeding helps to promote the health of dementia residents, and gives them the emotional stability that facilitates in coping with the condition. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide long-term care professionals with a listing of current rules and regulations for providing dietary rights to dementia residents as well as various strategies to advocate for nutritional education, promotion, and care policy changes for older adults in long-term care facilities with dementia. Additionally, this paper provides a collaborative framework for nutritional care delivery between long-term care communities and family members that healthcare professionals can implement at their facilities in the future.
Hospitalization for Primary Care-Sensitive Conditions in Adults and Its Impact on Hospital Care in São Paulo City, Brazil
Authors: Targueta Ricardo da Silva , Silva Caio Vinicius Da Fonseca , Armond Jane de Eston , França Carolina Nunes , Oliveira Gustavo Bernardes de Figueiredo , Moreira Frederico Rafael , Mendes Filipe de Figueiredo , Neves Lucas Melo , Maximiano Adriana , Avezum Alvaro
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Identifying conditions among all cause hospitalizations that could be prevented at the primary care level would allow the development of strategies to reduce the range of diseases treated in hospital and promote a more efficient utilization of resources.

Objective

We sought to evaluate hospitalizations for clinical conditions that are sensitive to primary care in adults.

Methods

Cross-sectional study with data captured in hospital electronic health records using the diagnosis related groups classification system.

Results

Primary care-sensitive conditions were associated with longer duration of hospitalization, older age, higher prevalence of female patients, higher complexity at admission and during hospitalization, and a higher risk of mortality as compared with other conditions not sensitive to primary care.

Conclusion

A significant proportion of hospitalizations are due to causes sensitive to primary care. Hospitalizations due to primary care-sensitive conditions are associated with longer hospital stay, greater complexity and severity, and a higher risk of mortality.
Polypharmacy and comorbidities during pregnancy in a cohort of women with migraine
Authors: Wood Mollie E , Burch Rebecca C , Hernandez-Diaz Sonia
Published: December 2020

Objective

To describe longitudinal patterns of medication use throughout pregnancy in women with migraine.

Methods

We used the IBM MarketScan healthcare claims database in the US to create a cohort of pregnancies enrolled between 2011–2015 resulting in live or stillbirth. Migraine headache was identified based on ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes or procedure codes recorded in clinical encounters. Outcomes were patterns of prescriptions filled for medications that may be used to prevent migraine (antiepileptics, antihypertensives, antidepressants) or treat acute episodes (opioids, triptans, acetaminophen) and of other comorbid conditions (hypertension, psychiatric diagnoses, epilepsy). We used group-based multi-trajectory models to cluster women into similar longitudinal patterns of prescription fills.

Results

Of 859,501 pregnancies, 8168 had migraine. Within migraineurs, before pregnancy, the most commonly filled prescription was for a triptan (43.2%), followed by opioids (26.7%), acetaminophen (26.2%), antidepressants (24.9%), antiepileptics (18.6%) and antihypertensives (12.3%). Antiepileptics, antidepressants, and triptans were frequently discontinued early in pregnancy with few new users, while antihypertensives were discontinued by some users, but continued or initiated by a minority of users late in pregnancy. Opioids and acetaminophen were used intermittently throughout pregnancy. Comorbidities included hypertension (10.8%), epilepsy (4.7%), depression (14.0%), and anxiety (15.6%). Polypharmacy involving both preventive and acute medications was most common before pregnancy (31.4%) and declined in first trimester (14.7%). In all, 25.9% of women filled prescriptions for two or more acute medications before pregnancy.

Conclusions

Medication use patterns during pregnancy for women with migraine are complex. Patterns of polypharmacy and comorbidity during pregnancy highlight an under-studied area relevant for maternal and child health outcomes.
Interictal amylin levels in chronic migraine patients: A case-control study
Authors: Irimia Pablo , Martínez-Valbuena Iván , Mínguez-Olaondo Ane , Domínguez-Vivero Clara , Sánchez-Arias Juan-Antonio , Martínez-Vila Eduardo , Luquin María-Rosario , Leira Rogelio
Published: December 2020

Background

Recently, amylin and its receptors were found in different structures involved in migraine pathophysiology. Here, we evaluate interictal concentrations of amylin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in peripheral blood as biomarkers for chronic migraine.

Methods

We prospectively recruited patients with episodic migraine, chronic migraine and healthy controls. Interictal amylin and calcitonin gene-related peptide levels were assessed in blood samples using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

We assessed plasma samples from 58 patients with episodic migraine (mean age 37.71 ± 10.47, 87.9% female), 191 with chronic migraine (mean age 46.03 ± 11.93, 95% female), and on 68 healthy controls (mean age 43.58 ± 11.08 years, 86% female). Body mass index was 25.94 ± 4.53 kg/m2 for migraine patients and 25.13 ± 4.92 kg/m2 for healthy controls ( p = 0.0683). Interictal plasma amylin levels were higher in chronic migraine patients (47.1 pg/mL) than in the episodic migraine patients (28.84 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) and healthy controls (24.74 pg/mL, p < 0.0001). Plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide levels were increased (20.01 pg/mL) in chronic migraine patients when compared to healthy controls (11.37 pg/mL, p = 0.0016), but not to episodic migraine patients (18.89 pg/mL, p = 0.4369). Applying a cut-off concentration of 39.68 pg/mL plasma amylin, the sensitivity to differentiate chronic migraine from healthy controls was 57.6% and the specificity was 88.2%. Variables such as age, analgesic overuse, depression, allodynia, use of preventive medication or a history of aura did not influence the plasma concentrations of amylin or calcitonin gene-related peptide.

Conclusion

Interictal plasma amylin levels are higher in patients with chronic migraine and may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for chronic migraine.
SUNCT/SUNA: Case series presenting in an orofacial pain clinic
Authors: Groenke Beth R , Daline Iryna Hryvenko , Nixdorf Donald R
Published: December 2020

Aim

Little is known about short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNA). We present our experience with SUNCT/SUNA patients to aid identification and management of these disorders.

Methods

A retrospective review of patient records of one orofacial pain clinic was performed. Inclusion criteria was a diagnosis of SUNCT/SUNA confirmed with at least one follow-up visit.

Results

Six of the 2464 new patients seen between 2015–2018 met the selection criteria (SUNCT n = 2, SUNA n = 4). Gender distribution was one male to one female and average age of diagnosis was 52 years (range 26–62). Attacks were located in the V1/V2 trigeminal distributions, and five patients reported associated intraoral pain. Pain quality was sharp, shooting, and burning with two patients reporting “numbness”. Pain was moderate-severe in intensity, with daily episodes that typically lasted for seconds. Common autonomic features were lacrimation, conjunctival injection, rhinorrhea, and flushing. Frequent triggers were touching the nose or a specific intraoral area. Lamotrigine and gabapentin were commonly used as initial therapy.

Conclusions

Differentiating between SUNCT/SUNA does not appear to be clinically relevant. Presenting symptoms were consistent with those published, except 5/6 patients describing intraoral pain and two patients describing paresthesia.
Friends in Close Places: Social Ties in Economic Education Research
Authors: Ferrara Zachary
Published: December 2020

This article examines whether the author–editor social connections identified by Tommaso Colussi among general-interest economic journals offer similar benefits to contributors to three top economic education field journals. I find that 6.7% to 8.7% of articles in these journals are written by connected authors and published when the related editor is in charge. Authors who are or were employed at the same institution as an editor are found to have published significantly more papers in the journal where said editor is in charge. Authors connected to editors through co-authorship and overall connections achieve similarly positive results when using expanded parameters for social connections.

JEL Classifications: A14, A20
Contact by Collection Agencies for Medical Debt: Rural–Urban Differences Among Older and Younger Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Henning-Smith Carrie , Lahr Megan , Hernandez Ashley
Published: December 2020

Geographic disparities in health and health care are increasingly well-documented, as are financial barriers to accessing care. Still, less is known about whether Medicare beneficiaries differ in their ability to pay for care by rurality. Using data from the 2016 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey ( n = 12,688 U.S. community-dwelling beneficiaries), we analyzed rural–urban differences in rates of collection agency contact for unpaid medical bills using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression for the full sample and by age (65+ and <65). Nearly 10% of Medicare beneficiaries had been contacted by a collection agency for medical debt in the previous year, with higher percentages among rural beneficiaries (8% for urban vs 10% for rural micropolitan and 11% for rural noncore, p < .05). This difference attenuated after adjusting for educational attainment and income, suggesting that attention to socio-economic status among rural Medicare beneficiaries would help to address financial barriers to care and decrease medical debt.
A hierarchical parallel multi-station assembly sequence planning method based on GA-DFLA
Authors: Wu Bo , Lu Peihang , Lu Jie , Xu Jinli , Liu Xiaogang
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the parallel assembly sequence planning (PASP) is put forward to accommodate the development of greater variety in the mass-customization production. Although many researchers have made contributions to assembly sequence planning (ASP), how to construct parallel multi-station ASP model to effectively solve the integrated ASP and assembly line balancing (ALB) problem need to be further investigated. In this paper, a hierarchical parallel multi-station assembly sequence planning method based on the genetic algorithm and discrete frog leaping algorithm (GA-DFLA) is proposed to solve the integrated parallel multi-station ASP and ALB problem. The assembly information datasets of the model based definition (MBD) including parts information, hierarchical information, matrix information and resource information are defined firstly. Then the hierarchical structure tree is constructed according to the divided assembly units. The hierarchical parallel multi-station assembly sequence planning is carried out from bottom to top in hierarchical structure tree model using the GA-DFLA. The fitness function with feasibility index, time cost index and assembly line balance index, is proposed to determine a more appropriate solution. Finally, the rear independent suspension is taken as an example to validate this method. The results show that the time of parallel multi-station model is at least 35.27% less than the time of serial multi-station model.
Bletilla striata Polysaccharide Prevents Restenosis of Vein Graft Through Inhibiting Cell Proliferation in Rat Model
Authors: Dai Chun , Zhou Yang , Zhang Bing , Ge Jianjun
Published: December 2020

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is still the most effective method for the treatment of coronary heart disease at present. However, the restenosis of vein grafts following surgery is an important complication of CABG. In this study, Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP), which has anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties, was used to prevent or delay the proliferation of venous bridge endothelial cells in a rat model. We transplanted the autogenous jugular vein to the rat carotid artery, and wrapped it with BSP. We carried out experiments in 4 groups (with 24 rats in each group): a high-BSP dose group (the HBG group, 10 mg), a low-BSP dose group (the LBG group, 3 mg), a pluronic gel group (the gel group), and a control group. Vein grafts were then harvested after 3, 14, and 28 days. Following transplantation, we used color Doppler ultrasound to assess the patency of the transplanted vein. The grafted veins were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson to measure the thickness of the intima and media of the blood vessels. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-l (VCAM-1) were assessed in vein grafts by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. We detected a significant reduction in the proliferation of endothelial cells in the BSP group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining showed that the extent of intimal hyperplasia in transplanted veins from the high BSP group (HBS) (67.42 ± 0.54 µm) and low BSP group (LBS) (120.83 ± 1.87 µm) groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (257.03 ± 2.74 µm, P < 0.05), and that the extent of intimal hyperplasia in the HBS group was lower than that in the LBS group ( P < 0.05). We found that the effect of BSP was dose-dependent, as high-dose BSP had a more significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation than low-dose BSP ( P < 0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry and western blotting showed that PCNA and VCAM-1 were significantly downregulated in the BSP treatment group on days 14 and 28 ( P < 0.05). BSP inhibits the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and reduces the expression of VCAM-1, thereby inhibiting the restenosis of graft veins.
Meta-heuristic optimization of buckling and fundamental frequency of laminated cylindrical panel under graded temperature fields
Authors: Bhagat Vinod , Pitchaimani J
Published: December 2020

This research deals with the optimization of buckling and fundamental frequency of a cylindrical panel under various heating conditions, which varies across the surface of the panel. A multi-objective design indicator (MODI) is derived with fiber orientations as a design variable. Finite element analysis is used to calculate temperature variation according to the nature of heating, buckling temperature, and fundamental frequency. In this study, scientific computing software is used to incorporate the finite element method with artificial neural network and particle swarm optimization technique. Five different heating cases, including uniform temperature cases, are considered. It is observed from the analysis that the in-plane temperature field of non-uniform type has a significant influence on the buckling and vibration characteristics of the panel. Further, it is observed that panel with lamination scheme of [Formula: see text] gives the higher value of MODI max compared to other lamination schemes considered.
The treatment of western prisoners of war in Nazi Germany: Rethinking reciprocity and asymmetry
Authors: Scheck Raffael
Published: December 2020

Given that the Geneva Convention of 1929 placed prisoners of war under the laws of the detaining state, Nazi courts martial could sentence prisoners of war for offences that did not exist in the western democracies, such as insults to the Führer, or severely punish them for acts leading only to mild disciplinary sanctions in Britain or America. Moreover, convicted prisoners of war had to experience the singularly brutal German prison system. These asymmetries, which influenced the Geneva Convention on prisoners of war of 1949, challenge the paradigm of reciprocity and symmetry in prisoner of war regimes between Germany and the western countries in World War II.
The Continental Army and ‘Military Europe’: Professionalism and Restraint in the American War of Independence
Authors: Chandler Jon
Published: December 2020

Most historians now agree that the United States won its independence not with citizen-soldiers but through the exertions of a small coterie of hardened military professionals. These men fought for eight years in George Washington’s Continental Army which, these historians maintain, was fundamentally different from contemporary European institutions. This article argues that this distinction is largely overstated. Continental officers and soldiers considered themselves as members of a military community which traversed national and institutional boundaries. Their adherence to a set of common norms, customs, and behaviours suggests that, far from unique, the Continental Army was an extension of ‘Military Europe’.
Nurses' moral distress in end-of-life care: A qualitative study
Authors: De Brasi Elvira Luana , Giannetta Noemi , Ercolani Sara , Gandini Elena Lucia Maria , Moranda Dina , Villa Giulia , Manara Duilio Fiorenzo
Published: December 2020

Background:

Moral distress is a neglected issue in most palliative education programmes, and research has largely focused on this phenomenon as an occupational problem for nursing staff.

Research question:

The primary outcome of this study was to explore the causes of morally distressing events, feelings experienced by nurses and coping strategies utilised by a nursing population at an Italian teaching hospital. A secondary outcome of this qualitative study was to analyse whether palliative care or end-of-life care education may reduce morally distressing events.

Research design:

A hermeneutic-phenomenological qualitative study was performed.

Participants and research context:

Participants were recruited through snowball sampling. The interviews were conducted and recorded by one interviewer and transcribed verbatim.

Ethical considerations:

Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Hospital Board.

Findings:

Six main themes emerged from the interview analyses: (1) the causes of moral distress; (2) feelings and emotions experienced during morally distressing events; (3) factors that affect the experience of moral distress; (4) strategies for coping with moral distress; (5) recovering from morally distressing events; and (6) end-of-life accompaniment. Varying opinions regarding the usefulness of palliative care education existed. Some nurses stated that participation in end-of-life courses did not help them cope with morally distressing events in the ward, and they believe that existing courses should be strengthened and better structured.

Discussion:

In this study, moral distress was often associated with poor communication or a lack of communication between healthcare professionals and the patients and/or their relatives and with the inability to satisfy the patients’ last requests. According to our findings, the concept of ‘good’ end-of-life accompaniment was extremely important to our sample for the prevention of morally distressing events.

Conclusion:

Nurses who work in the onco-haematological setting frequently experience moral distress. Determining the causes of moral distress at early stages is of paramount importance for finding a solution.
What does Brexit mean for UK cultural and creative cities?
Authors: Montalto Valentina , Panella Francesco , Sacco Pier Luigi
Published: December 2020

Cultural and creative sectors (CCS) are increasingly recognized as a driving economic force. In addition to their undisputed soft power, creative jobs are expected to prove more resilient to automation, and may therefore play an important role in the future growth cycles of advanced global economies. But how is Brexit going to affect the UK’s flourishing creative economy at an urban level? Pre-Brexit evidence from the European Commission’s Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor (CCCM) clearly shows that UK cultural and creative cities excel in Europe in their capacity to attract and integrate foreign creative professionals. Creative non-nationals represent a diverse, crucial human capital pool for CCS, as 22% of CCS employers hire at least one non-UK worker. The effect of Brexit on the cultural and creative potential of UK cities can be devastating for CCS competitiveness if not properly addressed. As CCSs are widely regarded as leading sectors of the UK economy and major drivers of innovation and growth in the UK’s long-term developmental vision, suitable policy measures should be taken to prevent this possibility.
Micro-level Assessment of Rural Societal Vulnerability of Coastal Regions: An Insight into Sagar Island, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mondal Manas , Paul Suman , Bhattacharya Subhasis , Biswas Anupam
Published: December 2020

Most of the villages in coastal blocks of West Bengal, India, are prone to both cyclones and coastal and river flooding. Very severe cyclones in recent time (e.g., Sidr, Aila, Fani, Bulbul, and Amphan) exposed the coastal population livelihood at stake. Displacement and migration are very much evident due to such extreme events. However, the existing study examines the nature of societal vulnerability mainly for the coastal villages that focus on the biophysical components. An ‘integrated approach’ was adopted to assess the societal vulnerability which is viewed as a function of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. A number of proxy indicators were considered to represent these components and a normalisation procedure was adopted in order to aggregate them into a single value. Three key observations emerged. First, components such as sensitivity and adaptive capacity were found to act as the major determinants of vulnerability. Second, eight mouzas were found to have a higher vulnerability score, and surprisingly, some of the mouzas are non-coastal. Third, factors such as demography, agriculture and economic capacity emerged as the major cause for increasing vulnerability. These results have policy implications in the context of prioritising limited resources among the vulnerable villages and determinants through the disaster risk management programme at the district and block levels.
Strain rate dependent formulation of the latent heat evolution of superelastic shape memory alloy wires incorporated in multistory frame structures
Authors: Kaup Andreas , Ding Hao , Wang Jinting , Altay Okyay
Published: December 2020

Due to their unique hysteretic energy dissipation capacity, shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are particularly interesting for the development of new-type of intelligent vibration control systems for structures. However, in structural control, most of the vibrations occur in high strain rate regimes, which interfere the release of self-generated heat and thus influence the hysteretic dissipation. This paper proposes a strain rate dependent formulation of the latent heat evolution and aims to improve the accuracy of existing macroscopic modeling approaches developed for SMA wires particularly for the dynamic load cases. The proposed formulation is determined phenomenologically and implemented in a continuum thermomechanical framework based constitutive SMA wire model without impairing the simplicity and robustness of the solution process. The proposed formulation is validated by cyclic tensile tests conducted on SMA wires. Results show that the calculations using the formulation can predict the wire response more accurately than the strain rate independent formulation. For the simulation of multistory frame structures incorporating multiple SMA wires, the governing equations are driven. Shaking table tests are conducted on a 3-story frame structure under harmonic and seismic excitation. The responses of the structure are successfully replicated using the strain rate dependent latent heat formulation.
Longitudinal Validation of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy (LSRP) Scale in a High-Risk Dutch Community Sample
Authors: Wissenburg Sophie A. , Garofalo Carlo , Blokland Arjan A. J. , Palmen H. , Sellbom Martin
Published: December 2020

The Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy (LSRP) scale is a self-report measure that can be used to assess psychopathic traits in community samples, and recent research suggested that its three-factor model (Egocentricity, Callousness, and Antisocial) has promising psychometric properties. However, no study to date has validated the LSRP in a longitudinal framework. The present study sought to validate the LSRP scale in a longitudinal design using a sample of Dutch emerging adults ( ns = 970 and 693 at time points 1 and 2, respectively). We assessed longitudinal measurement invariance and the stability of psychopathic traits over an 18-month time period, from age 20 to age 21.6. Furthermore, we replicated and extended findings on the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of the Dutch LSRP scale. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the three-factor model fit the data well. Evidence of partial longitudinal measurement invariance was observed, which means that the Dutch translation of the LSRP scale is measuring an equivalent construct (and overall latent factor structure) over time. Psychopathic traits were relatively stable over time. The three LSRP subscales showed largely acceptable levels of internal consistency at both time points and showed conceptually expected patterns of construct validity and predictive validity, with a few notable exceptions.
On Dimensionality, Measurement Invariance, and Suitability of Sum Scores for the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7
Authors: Stochl Jan , Fried Eiko I. , Fritz Jessica , Croudace Tim J. , Russo Debra A. , Knight Clare , Jones Peter B. , Perez Jesus
Published: December 2020

In psychiatry, severity of mental health conditions and their change over time are usually measured via sum scores of items on psychometric scales. However, inferences from such scores can be biased if psychometric properties such as unidimensionality and temporal measurement invariance for instruments are not met. Here, we aimed to evaluate these properties for common measures of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire–9) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment–7) in a large clinical sample ( N = 22,362) undergoing psychotherapy. In addition, we tested consistency in dimensionality results across different methods (parallel analysis, factor analysis, explained common variance, the partial credit model, and the Mokken model). Results showed that while both Patient Health Questionnaire–9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment–7 are multidimensional instruments with highly correlated factors, there is justification for sum scores as measures of severity. Temporal measurement invariance across 10 therapy sessions was evaluated. Strict temporal measurement invariance was established in both scales, allowing researchers to compare sum scores as severity measures across time.
Harvesting Online Reviews to Identify the Competitor Set in a Service Business: Evidence From the Hotel Industry
Authors: Ye Fei , Xia Qian , Zhang Minhao , Zhan Yuanzhu , Li Yina
Published: December 2020

In today’s global service industry, online reviews posted by consumers offer critical information that influences subsequent consumers’ purchasing decisions and firms’ operation strategies. However, little research has been done on how the same information can be used to identify key competitors and improve services to increase competitiveness. In this article, we propose an analytical framework based on an improved k-nearest neighbor model and a latent Dirichlet allocation model for service managers to harvest online reviews to identify their key competitors and to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of their businesses. With a sample comprising over 8 million customer reviews of 6,409 hotels in 50 Chinese cities from Ctrip.com , we validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the analysis of a hotel’s service competitiveness and its key competitors. The findings indicate that the importance of particular attributes of a hotel varies in different segments according to hotel star ratings. This study extends the literature by bridging online reviews and competitor identification for service industries. It also contributes to practice by offering a systematic and effective way for managers to identify their key competitors, monitor market preferences, ensure service quality, and formulate effective marketing strategies.
Ocular surface analysis: A comparison between the LipiView® II and IDRA®
Authors: Lee Jeong Min , Jeon Young Joon , Kim Kook Young , Hwang Kyu-Yeon , Kwon Young-A , Koh Kyungmin
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To compare the lipid layer thickness (LLT), meibomian gland (MG) dropouts, and blinking pattern determined by the analysis of images acquired from the LipiView® II (LVII) and the IDRA® Ocular surface analyzer.

Methods:

A cross-sectional single-visit observational study was conducted. The LLT (minimum, maximum, and average), percentages of MG dropouts, and partial blink rates (PBR) were taken from both eyes of 47 participants using LVII and IDRA. Both devices were used to image the inferior eyelid of each participant in a random order.

Results:

Forty-seven participants (mean age 56.77 ± 14.47 (21–79) years, 66% female) completed the study. There was no significant difference in LLT between the two devices. A significant difference in percentages of MG dropouts was obtained between the LVII (36.51 ± 17.53) and the IDRA (45.36 ± 21.87), p = 0.003). There was also a significant difference in PBR between the LVII (0.51 ± 0.37) and the IDRA (0.23 ± 0.27), p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

No significant difference in LLT was obtained between LVII and IDRA. IDRA had a significantly lesser percentage of MG dropout and a higher PBR compared to LVII. These results indicate that these devices should not be used interchangeably for the evaluation of MG dropouts and PBR.
Identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the conjunctival swab of an Italian pediatric patient affected with COVID-19: A case report
Authors: Quaranta Luciano , Rovida Francesca , Riva Ivano , Bruttini Carlo , Brambilla Ilaria , Baldanti Fausto , De Angelis Giovanni , Marseglia Gian Luigi
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

To report a case of identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in ocular specimen in a pediatric patient affected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with no signs of ocular involvement.

Case description:

A 11-year old male patient with confirmed COVID-19 infection was hospitalized at the Pediatric Clinic Clinic of the IRCCS Foundation and Hospital San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. Three days after hospital admission, because of the patient complaining very mild ocular symptoms, an ophthalmological evaluation was performed. No signs related to conjunctivitis or keratitis were found but a conjunctival swab was collected as well, based on patient’s medical history. The specific SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed, unearthing the presence of viral RNA from the swab. On day 25 from hospitalization, the conjunctival swab was repeated, giving negative result.

Conclusions:

This is the first report of the identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in ocular specimen in a pediatric patient without signs of ocular involvement. However, despite the transmission through tears is theoretically possible, it is still unclear whether this could be considered as an important route for the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Safety of bedside placement of tunneled dialysis catheter in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Hanane Tarik , Lane James , Mireles-Cabodevila Eduardo , Reddy Anita J , Taliercio Jonathan J , Vachharajani Tushar J
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU have high incidence of AKI requiring prolonged renal replacement therapy and often necessitate the placement of a tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC). We describe our experience with two cases of COVID-19 patients who underwent successful bedside placement of TDC under ultrasound guidance using anatomical landmarks without fluoroscopy guidance. Tunneled dialysis catheter placement under direct fluoroscopy remains the standard of care; but in well selected patients, placement of tunneled dialysis catheter at the bedside using anatomic landmarks without fluoroscopy can be safely and successfully performed without compromising the quality of care and avoid transfer of COVID-19 infected patients outside the ICU.
‘I am perfectly imperfect because I am a media professional’: Asserting the Association Between Media Consumption Attitude, Emotional Ownership and Personal Well-being
Authors: Kumar V. Vijay , Jena Lalatendu Kesari
Published: December 2020

A profession that leads to well-being is rewarding and fulfilling, as it is a vital factor in ascertaining the happiness and purpose of one’s life. Information and communications technology has become an integral part of everyone’s life in contemporary times. Media professionals are engaged in using various types of digital and online media for their work-related needs. At many times, due to extensive work requirements, they carry their professional commitments outside the office hours. Due to their obsessive media consumption attitude, they lose out on spending time with their families and themselves. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of such media consumption attitude in relation to personal well-being. For this, 429 working professionals from different domains of media across the Indian subcontinent participated in our survey. The results revealed that media usage has a significant role in influencing personal well-being. At the same time, emotional ownership stood to be a mediator in the relationship between media consumption attitude and personal well-being. The findings pave the way to understand the professional and personal challenges faced by media professionals, while suggesting a possible roadmap for achieving a happy and purposeful life.
Role of Community Radio in Enhancing the Basic Mathematical Skills of Citizens in India
Authors: Dhar Ravi K. , Sharma Rashmi , Johri Neeru
Published: December 2020

This study was carried out with the specific objectives of mapping the present level of mathematical skills of community members, and their radio listening behaviour preferences, with a view to making recommendations for the nature of radio programmes to be produced and broadcast among community members to enhance their numerical ability. To this end, the study employed quantitative research design, which involved the survey of a sample of 12,000 respondents taken from among the community members constituting the audience of the community radio stations in the country. The study employed multi-stage sampling to first identify 12 community radio stations, in the first instance, followed by the identification of one thousand households in each of these community radio stations and one respondent from each of the selected households, giving due consideration to the parity of gender. The data collected from each of these 12,000 respondents was processed with the help of descriptive statistical tools to arrive at inferences necessary to achieve the purposes of the study. The study revealed that while community members were comfortable in solving simple mathematical sums and calculating their wages, they experienced difficulties in the use of mathematical skills in the computation of interest, discount, percentage and conversion of scales of measurement. The study further revealed that community members listened to radio extensively and were eager to not just listen to radio programmes based on the imparting of mathematical skills but also willing to adopt a participatory approach in their production, based on their competencies.
Gas flow through a bore-piston ring contact
Authors: Hallouin Baptiste , Lasseux Didier , Senger Gerald
Published: December 2020

This work reports on the derivation of simplified but accurate models to describe gas flow through a bore-piston ring contact in reciprocating machines like compressors or IC engines. On the basis of the aperture field of a contact deduced from real measurements carried out on an expanding ring in a bore, a scale analysis on the complete compressible flow model is performed, assuming ideal gas law. It is shown that the flow can be treated as stationary and three distinct flow regimes can be identified (namely incompressible, compressible creeping, and compressible inertial regimes). Three dimensionless parameters characterizing these regimes are identified. While for the two former regimes, classical analytical Poiseuille type of models are derived, an Oseen approximation is further employed for the latter, yielding a quasi-analytical solution. The models are successfully compared to direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the complete initial set of balance equations in their steady form performed on an aperture field of sinusoidal shape. These simplified models are of particular practical interest since they allow an accurate gas flow-rate estimate through a real contact using the aperture field as the geometrical input datum, together with the thermodynamic conditions (pressure and temperature). This represents an enormous advantage as DNS is still very challenging in practice due to the extremely small value of the contact aperture to contact length ratio.
Analytical approach for crack identification of glass fiber reinforced polymer–sea sand concrete composite structures based on strain dissipations
Authors: Xu Dongsheng , Liu Qichao , Qin Yue , Chen Bo
Published: December 2020

Glass fiber reinforced polymer bars have potential application in the seawater sea sand concrete. In this study, an analytical method was proposed to examine the internal crack development in glass fiber reinforced polymer–sea sand concrete composites. The method was derived by analyzing the strain dissipation and shear-lag behavior. Thus, the internal cracks can be quantitatively identified by the proposed model with Fourier transform analysis. The proposed approach was experimentally verified through pullout tests for the specimens with artificial cracks. The results indicated that the prediction errors were less than 10%. In addition, the piezoelectric sensors were adopted to verify the proposed model. A damage index ( DI) defined by the energy loss of received signals was used to characterize cracks inside the composite. Loading test results indicated that the DI-calculated cracks were consistent with the proposed analytical model. Finally, the cyclic loading tests of the glass fiber reinforced polymer composite were conducted using both strain gauges and PZT sensors. The results have shown that the differences between the proposed approach and PZT sensors were less than 15%. Thus, the proposed approach in this study could provide an alternative approach for quantitative evaluation of internal cracks in the glass fiber reinforced polymer–coral sand–cement composites.
Childhood Emotional Maltreatment and Adulthood Romantic Relationship Well-Being: A Multilevel, Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Cao Hongjian , Ma Rongzi , Li Xiaomin , Liang Yue , Wu Qinglu , Chi Peilian , Li Jian-Bin , Zhou Nan
Published: December 2020

During the past decade, research on the link between childhood emotional maltreatment and adulthood romantic relationship well-being has been accumulating, but there still lacks a systematic, quantitative evaluation of existing research. This three-level, meta-analysis aimed to fill this gap. Reports were included if they examined the link between early emotional maltreatment and adulthood romantic relationship well-being, presented statistics needed to calculate at least one bivariate effect size, written in English, and published/written before January 1, 2020. We retrieved 201 effect sizes from 23 reports. Early emotional maltreatment (aggregated across forms) was negatively (yet modestly) associated with later romantic relationship well-being (aggregated across dimensions; r = −.143, 95% confidence interval [−.173, −.114], p < .001). This association did not vary as a function of maltreatment form but differed across relationship well-being dimensions, such that the effect was stronger for the negative than for the positive relationship outcomes. We also found that (a) the actor effect was larger than the partner effect, (b) the effect was stronger in studies using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) than in studies not using CTQ, (c) whether using established measures of relationship well-being did not alter the effect, (d) the absolute magnitude of effect was negatively associated with methodological rigor of effect, and (e) the effect did not vary as functions of publication type, whether the sample was a college student sample, or union status, and was not related to the mean of union duration. Last, the limitations of existing research, avenues for future inquiries, and implications for practice were noted.