bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Strategy for Popularization of the Documented Farmer Innovations and Re-Inventions
Authors: Devarakonda Shireesha
Published: November 2022

Farmer innovations and re-inventions is a subject that is increasingly making people sit up and think. At the very least it underpins a refreshing new approach to indigenous environmental knowledge that goes further than just passive admiration. At the most it is a potentially important new direction for research and extension wherever else the conventional approaches have failed to deliver. To highlight the value of this rich resource and to develop mechanisms for local innovations and re-inventions to find their way into the formal research and development system, documentation of farmer innovations and re-inventions is necessary to give the real picture of its wealth. Scientific enquiry into the documented practices would make it to a status of formal knowledge base and studying extent of adoption of these practices by the farmers will give the real picture of farmers innovations and re-inventions. Finding out the various constraints and analysis of the innovation development process will fetch a base to develop a comprehensive strategy which can be utilized by scientists, extentionists and user system. In this study 216 farmer innovations and re-inventions were identified in different farming situations of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states through informal interview with innovative farmers who were identified for the purpose of giving information on farmer innovations and re-inventions in the selected 3 districts and also from non sample area through secondary sources. Based on the various constraints faced and suggestion given by the innovative farmers a comprehensive strategy was developed which includes identification of farmer innovators, recognition of farmer innovators, documentation of farmer innovations and re-inventions, testing of farmer innovations and re-inventions for scientific rationality and validity, commercialisation of the innovations and re-inventions, networking of farmer innovators, providing farmer innovation support fund, monitoring and evaluation of the farmer innovator network groups, farmer innovator to farmer innovator cross visits and popularisation of farmer innovations and re-inventions. Strategy suggested in the study will help different agencies in promotion of farmer innovations and re-inventions and gives a brief comprehension and hence, it can be effectively utilised in promotion of these technologies through different agencies.
Percentage brain volume change in multiple sclerosis mainly reflects white matter and cortical volume
Authors: Lauerer Markus , Bussas Matthias , Pongratz Viola , Berthele Achim , Kirschke Jan S , Wiestler Benedikt , Zimmer Claus , Hemmer Bernhard , Mühlau Mark
Published: November 2022

Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS), as measured by percentage brain volume change (PBVC) from brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has been established as an outcome parameter in clinical trials. It is unknown to what extent volume changes within different brain tissue compartments contribute to PBVC. We analyzed pairs of MRI scans (at least 6 months apart) in 600 patients with relapsing–remitting MS. Multiple regression revealed that PBVC mainly reflects volume loss of white and cortical gray matter, while deep gray matter and white matter lesions were less represented. Our findings aid the interpretation of PBVC changes in MS.
Indirect Control of Donor/Acceptor Interactions for Highly Efficient Space‐Confined Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Feng Zi‐Qi , Yang Sheng‐Yi , Kong Fan‐Cheng , Qu Yang‐Kun , Meng Xin‐Yue , Yu You‐Jun , Zhou Dong‐Ying , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: November 2022

Conformational engineering is essential to further reinforce the luminescent properties of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials featuring through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) characteristics. Herein, two TSCT‐TADF emitters (8MeDM‐B and 8FDM‐B) with the methyl and fluorine moieties substituted at the C8 site of the rigid spiro‐fluorene bridge is reported. Derivation of the C8 site is first proposed to control the molecular configuration with the ability to indirectly tune the intramolecular interaction between donor and acceptor groups. As a result, 8MeDM‐B and 8FDM‐B both present small singlet‐triplet energy gaps, fast reverse intersystem crossing rates, and high photoluminescence quantum yields. Interestingly, the smaller fluorine atom not the bigger methyl group exhibits more evident electrostatic repulsive force onto the central donor and thus rectifies the central spiro structure. Consequently, the high external quantum efficiency values of 28.8% and 31.7% for 8MeDM‐B and 8FDM‐B‐based electroluminescence devices are achieved, respectively. This study offers a measure for enhancing TSCT‐TADF emitters without directly modifying the donor or acceptor.
Bifunctional Nano‐Assembly of Iridium(III) Phthalocyanine Complex Encapsulated with BSA: Hypoxia‐relieving/Sonosensitizing Effects and their Immunogenic Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Chao , Gao Yucong , Wang Yuanyue , Wang Jie , Lin Jiaomin , Du Jing , Zhou Zhiguo , Liu Xiaoming , Yang Shiping , Yang Hong
Published: November 2022

Alleviating the hypoxia of tumor cells would be an effective strategy to improve the efficiency of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Here, an Ir(III) phthalocyanine complex (IrPc) is synthesized and characterized, with which a nano‐assembly (IrPc‐NPs) is prepared by encapsulating its aggregates with BSA. IrPc‐NPs exhibit bifunctionality, catalysis on H2O2 decomposition to evolve O2, and sonosensitization to generate 1O2 both in vitro and in vivo. The bifunctionality concertedly and synergistically boosts the efficacy of SDT by alleviating the hypoxia of tumor cells. Its amplifying effect on photoacoustic signal provides a tool to monitor the accumulation of the nano‐assembly in a tumor that guides timely the application of ultrasonic (US) irradiation during SDT treatment. These results also suggest that immunogenic cell death‐mediated immunotherapy for tumor cells is attributed to the efficacy of SDT induced by IrPc‐NPs. IrPc‐NPs exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vitro, benignancy in vivo toward the overall growth of the tumor‐bearing mice inoculated with 4T1 cells and the controllability on timely applying US irradiation during their treatment with IrPc‐NPs renders the nanosystem great potentials in developing into a clinic drug for immunogenic sonodynamic therapy.
AeMg6Ga6S16 (Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba): The First Double Alkaline‐Earth Metal Chalcogenides with Excellent Performances
Authors: Chen Jiale , Zhang Yujie , Wu Hongping , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng , Yu Hongwei
Published: November 2022

Infrared nonlinear optical (IR NLO) crystals are of quite significance in the development of laser technology, yet rationally designing new IR NLO crystal that can satisfy all the property requirements is still a great challenge owing to the incompatibility between large second harmonic generation (SHG) response and wide band gap. Herein, taking AgGaS2 (AGS) as the template and using highly electropositive alkaline‐earth metal cations substituting Ag+ cations, the first examples of double alkaline‐earth (Ae) metal chalcogenide IR NLO crystals, AeMg6Ga6S16 (Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba), are successfully designed and synthesized. Structurally, they possess stable [Mg/GaS]∞ open frameworks, which can accommodate a wide range of cations from the small size of Ca2+ to large Ba2+ cations and all of the resulting compounds melt congruently. More importantly, these materials achieve the optimal balance among the critical performance parameters, including the strong SHG response (≈0.7–0.8 × AGS) and wide band gap (Eg = 3.50–3.54 eV). Theoretical calculations and structure analysis reveal that their superior NLO properties can be attributed to the synergistic contribution of the polarizable MgS6 and GaS4 groups.
Plasmids Can Shift Bacterial Morphological Response against Antibiotic Stress
Authors: Yu Zhigang , Goodall Emily C. A. , Henderson Ian R. , Guo Jianhua
Published: November 2022

Bacterial cell filamentation is a morphological change wherein cell division is blocked, which can improve bacterial survival under unfavorable conditions (e.g., antibiotic stress that causes DNA damage). As an extrachromosomal DNA molecule, plasmids can confer additionally advantageous traits including antibiotic resistance on the host. However, little is known about whether plasmids could shift bacterial morphological responses to antibiotic stress. Here, it is reported that plasmid‐free cells, rather than plasmid‐bearing cells, exhibit filamentation and asymmetrical cell division under exposure to sub‐inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and cephalexin). The underlying mechanism is revealed by investigating DNA damage, cell division inhibitor sulA, the SOS response, toxin‐antitoxin module (parDE) located on plasmids, and efflux pumps. Significantly higher expression of sulA is observed in plasmid‐free cells, compared to plasmid‐bearing cells. Plasmid carriage enables the hosts to suffer less DNA damage, exhibit stronger efflux pump activities, and thus have a higher antibiotic tolerance. These benefits are attributed to the parDE module that mediates stress responses from plasmid‐bearing cells and mainly contributes to cell morphological changes. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that plasmids can confer additional innate defenses on the host to antibiotics, thus advancing the understanding of how plasmids affect bacterial evolution in hostile environments.
Tremendous Acceleration of Plant Growth by Applying a New Sunlight Converter Sr4Al14−xGaxO25:Mn4+ Breaking Parity Forbidden Transition
Authors: Wang Shichuan , Seto Takatoshi , Liu Bin , Wang Yuhua , Li Cancan , Liu Zhengqiang , Dong Haowen
Published: November 2022

Majority of Mn4+ activated oxide phosphors have the wavelength of excitation and emission suitable for acceleration of plant growth as light converter from sunlight to deep red. Here, it is observed that 60% increase of red emission of Sr4Al14O25:0.01Mn4+ is found by substituting 0.1Ga3+. It is clarified that the increase is originated from a unique mechanism of breaking parity forbidden transition under the substitution of cation in d–d transition by using the tool of special aberration corrected transmission electron microscope(AC‐STEM), pre‐edge peak (1s→3d) Mn K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), Rietveld analysis of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and reflection spectra. Further, a combination of substituted Ga, Mg, and special double flux H3BO3/AlF3 is found to tremendously increase the emission intensity (355% up). Actual growth of chlorella and rose is examined by a combination of the cheap Sr4Al14O25:0.01Mn4+,0.007Mg2+,0.1Ga3+ and a unique reflection typed phosphor‐film system as sunlight converting system. Optical density of chlorella and height of rose grass is increased by 36±14% and 174±80% compared with nonphosphor‐film, respectively.
Synergistically Enabling Fast‐Cycling and High‐Yield Atmospheric Water Harvesting with Plasma‐Treated Magnetic Flower‐Like Porous Carbons
Authors: Ying Yifeng , Yang Guifang , Tao Yingle , Wu Qiannan , Li Haiqing
Published: November 2022

Sorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) offers a promising solution to the water scarcity in arid regions. However, majority of the existing AWH sorbents are suffering from rather poor water productivity due to their slow water adsorption–desorption cycling capability especially when they are applied in high packing thickness. Herein, an oxygen plasma‐treated magnetic flower‐like porous carbon (P‐MFPC) with large open surfaces, abundant surface oxygen‐containing moieties, and excellent localized magnetic induction heating (LMIH) capacity is developed. These merits, together with the use of air‐blowing‐assisted water adsorption and LMIH‐driven water desorption strategy, synergistically allow P‐MFPC with 2 cm of packing thickness to complete a AWH cycling in 20 min and deliver a record 4.5 LH2Okg−1day−1of water productivity at 30% relative humidity. Synergistically enabling such an ultrafast AWH cycling at high sorbent packing thickness provides a promising way for the scalable high‐yield AWH with compact AWH systems.
Cardiovascular risk factors across different levels of urbanization in Brazilian Afro‐derived communities (quilombos)
Authors: Paiva Sabrina Guimarães , Rivara Anna C. , de Castro Nóbrega Matheus , de Cesare Parmesan Toledo Rafaela , de Nazaré Klautau‐Guimarães Maria , Madrigal Lorena , de Oliveira Silviene Fabiana
Published: November 2022

Objectives

The frequency of cardiovascular diseases has increased throughout the world. People of African descent have been disproportionately affected, particularly if they reside in urban settings. In this work, we evaluate risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and other chronic diseases in rural and urban Afro‐derived communities (quilombo) in Central Brazil. We also determine if there are associations between the frequency of CVD risk factors, sex, and proximity to urban environments.

Methods

Through a cross‐sectional study of participants (n = 347) within three Brazilian Afro‐derived communities: Kalunga (a semi‐isolated rural community; n = 214), Cocalinho (a non‐isolated rural village; n = 70), and Pé do Morro (an urban community; n = 63), we collected data regarding chronic disease (i.e., CVD, diabetes, and hypertension) risk through questionnaires, anthropometrics, blood pressure, and blood samples using standard protocols. Differences between variables were tested by the Chi‐square test of Pearson and Fisher's Exact Test, independent sample t‐tests, analysis of variances, and Kruskal‐Wallis tests (p ≤ .05).

Results

The prevalence of hypertension, overweight, obesity, and other cardiovascular risk factors were higher in the non‐isolated rural and urban communities than in the semi‐isolated rural community. We found significant sex differences in the distribution of the CVD risk factors, with all occurring at a higher frequency among females.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that Brazilian Afro‐derived communities are currently going through an epidemiological transition. The urban lifestyle and its environmental factors are likely contributing to an escalation in cardio‐metabolic disease risk. However, the magnitude of this transition differentially impacts the sexes, as females suffer a higher frequency of risk factors compared to males.
An integrative approach to examining the influences of size, phylogeny, and locomotion on os coxae shape variation in primates
Authors: Lewton Kristi L.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Aspects of three‐dimensional (3D) pelvis shape are associated with body size and adaptations to locomotor behaviors in primates, while the effect of phylogeny is less well understood. This study examines 3D os coxae shape in primates using an integrated, phylomorphospace approach to investigate the relationships among shape, phylogeny, locomotor function, and size.

Materials and Methods

3D landmarks (N = 20) were collected on a large sample of primate pelves (736 individuals, 60 species) and standard geometric morphometric methods were used to examine shape variation. Phylogenetic and non‐phylogenetic generalized least squares models were constructed with Procrustes coordinates as dependent variables and locomotor behavior and size as independent variables; analyses were conducted on all primates and on a nonhuman primate subsample.

Results

The degree of phylogenetic signal in these models was statistically significant, but less than would be expected under a Brownian motion model of evolution. Among all primates, both size and locomotion have significant effects on os coxae shape while accounting for the effects of phylogeny. However, these group differences are relatively small and as a result, locomotion is not significantly related to os coxae shape among the nonhuman primate sample when accounting for phylogeny.

Discussion

Although closely related primate taxa share locomotor behavior, there are size and locomotor differences in os coxae shape that cannot be solely accounted for by phylogeny alone and must be considered alongside previously identified mechano‐functional morphological differences. Phylogenetic comparative methods make it difficult to identify adaptation when locomotion and phylogeny are closely linked.
Highly Sensitive Dual‐Band Switchable between Ultraviolet and Visible Region Photomultiplication Type Polymer Photodetectors
Authors: Yang Kaixuan , Wang Guohua , Zhao Zijin , Liu Ming , Zhao Xingchao , Zhou Zhengji , Shen Liang , Zhang Fujun
Published: November 2022

Dual‐band photomultiplication type polymer photodetectors (PM‐PPDs) are achieved with the structure of ITO/PDIN/poly[N,N′‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)benzidine] (poly‐TPD):2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z‐(12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2′′,3′′:4′,5′]thieno‐[2′,3′:4,5] pyrrolo‐[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis‐(methanylylidene)) bis‐(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))‐dimalononitrile (Y6) (100:2, wt/wt)/MoO3/poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) (100:2, wt/wt)/Al. Electron traps can be formed with Y6 surrounded by poly‐TPD or with PC71BM surrounded by P3HT. Trapped electrons near ITO/PDIN or Al electrode can assist hole tunneling injectionunder forward or reverse bias, respectively. The dual‐band PM‐PPDs exhibit ultraviolet spectral response under forward bias dependent on trapped electron distribution near ITO/PDIN electrode, while presenting visible spectral response under reverse bias determined by trapped electron distribution near Al electrode. The performance of dual‐band PM‐PPDs can be optimized by decreasing P3HT:PC71BM layer thickness. The optimal dual‐band PM‐PPDs exhibit external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2800% at 350 nm under +10 V bias with full‐width at half‐maximum of 80 nm, while achieving EQE of 7500% at 430 nm under −10 V bias. The EQE values of optimal dual‐band PM‐PPDs are markedly improved by raising bias, reaching 13 000% at 350 nm under +16 V bias and 27 000% at 430 nm under −16 V bias. This work provides an effective method to prepare dual‐band PM‐PPDs by manipulating the interfacial trapped electron distribution.
Absence of IκBβ/NFκB signaling does not attenuate acetaminophen‐induced hepatic injury
Authors: Solar Mack , Grayck Maya R. , McCarthy William C. , Zheng Lijun , Lacayo Oscar A. , Sherlock Laura G. , Zhou Ruby , Orlicky David J. , Wright Clyde J.
Published: November 2022

Acetaminophen (N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol [APAP]) toxicity is a common cause of acute liver failure. Innate immune signaling and specifically NFκB activation play a complex role in mediating the hepatic response to toxic APAP exposures. While inflammatory innate immune responses contribute to APAP‐induced injury, these same pathways play a role in regeneration and repair. Previous studies have shown that attenuating IκBβ/NFκB signaling downstream of TLR4 activation can limit injury, but whether this pathway contributes to APAP‐induced hepatic injury is unknown. We hypothesized that the absence of IκBβ/NFκB signaling in the setting of toxic APAP exposure would attenuate APAP‐induced hepatic injury. To test this, we exposed adult male WT and IκBβ−/− mice to APAP (280 mg/kg, IP) and evaluated liver histology at early (2–24 hr) and late (48–72 hr) time points. Furthermore, we interrogated the hepatic expression of NFκB inflammatory (Cxcl1, Tnf, Il1b, Il6, Ptgs2, and Ccl2), anti‐inflammatory (Il10, Tnfaip3, and Nfkbia), and Nrf2/antioxidant (Gclc, Hmox, and Nqo1) target genes previously demonstrated to play a role in APAP‐induced injury. Conflicting with our hypothesis, we found that hepatic injury was similar in WT and IκBβ−/− mice. Acutely, the induced expression of some target genes was similar in WT and IκBβ−/− mice (Tnfaip3, Nfkbia, and Gclc), while others were either not induced (Cxcl1, Tnf, Ptgs2, and Il10) or significantly attenuated (Ccl2) in IκBβ−/− mice. At later time points, APAP‐induced hepatic expression of Il1b, Il6, and Gclc was significantly attenuated in IκBβ−/− mice. Based on these findings, the therapeutic potential of targeting IκBβ/NFκB signaling to treat toxic APAP‐induced hepatic injury is likely limited.
Biosensor based on bimetallic/graphene composite for non‐enzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide in living tumor cells
Authors: Zhang Qiyan , Guo Lianshan , Li Haoyu , Huang Jianfeng , Li Zhengzhao , Hong Wenzhong , Wang Jian , Bai Zhihao , Zhu Jianmeng
Published: November 2022

A highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor was manufactured with triple synergistic catalysis to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this study, a highly sensitive biosensor based on Prussian blue‐chitosan/graphene‐hemin nanomaterial/platinum and palladium nanoparticles (PB‐CS/HGNs/Pt&Pd biosensor) was fabricated for the detection of H2O2. The materials described above were modified on the electrode surface and applied to catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. The current response of the biosensor presented a linear relationship with H2O2 concentration from 6 × 10−2 to 20 μM (R2 = 0.9766) and with the logarithm of H2O2 concentration from 20 to 9×103 μM (R2 = 0.9782), the low detection limit of 25 nM was obtained at the signal/noise (S/N) ratio of 3. Besides, the biosensor showed an outstanding anti‐interference ability and acceptable reproducibility. PB‐CS/HGNs/Pt&Pd electrodes are effective in measuring H2O2 from living tumor cells, which implies that the biosensor has the potential to assess reactive oxygen species in various living tumor cells.
Effect of 2‐Pyrrolidone Protic Ionic Liquids on Removal of Pyridine from Fossil Fuel Model Mixtures
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Dan , Gao Jun , Zhang Lianzheng , Zhang Tao , Xu Dongmei , Wang Yinglong
Published: November 2022

To reduce emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) mainly produced from the combustion of nitrogen compounds (NCs) in fossil fuels, it is necessary to decrease the NCs content in fossil fuels. 2‐Pyrrolidone‐based protic ionic liquids (PrILs) with three different anions were synthesized by a one‐step method. The three PrILs were used as extractants to extract pyridine from the model mixtures. The extraction efficiency (EE) was considered to evaluate the extraction performance of the PrILs. The interactions between the PrILs and pyridine were analyzed by σ‐profiles, bond length, and deformation charge density. The results show that the hydrogen bond (H‐bond) formed between pyridine and the three PrILs is the main driving force for the extraction of pyridine from the model mixtures.
Direct Electrochemical Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinoline N‐oxides by Cathodic Reduction of Nitro Arenes
Authors: Winter Johannes , Prenzel Tobias , Wirtanen Tom , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: November 2022

The use of electric current in synthetic organic chemistry offers a sustainable tool for the selective reductive synthesis of quinoline N‐oxides starting from easily accessible nitro compounds. The reported method employs mild and reagent‐free conditions, a simple undivided cell, and constant current electrolysis set‐up which provides conversion with a high atom economy. The synthesis of 30 differently substituted quinoline N‐oxides was successfully performed in up to 90 % yield. Using CV studies, the mechanism of the selective formation of the quinoline N‐oxides was elucidated. The technical relevance of the described reaction could be shown in a 50‐fold scale‐up reaction.
A General Metal‐Free Protocol for the Visible‐Light‐Driven Protection of Carbonyls
Authors: Di Terlizzi Lorenzo , Galathri Eirini M. , Protti Stefano , Kokotos Christoforos G. , Fagnoni Maurizio
Published: November 2022

The protection of a carbonyl is a standard procedure to mask the reactivity of this group towards nucleophiles and reductants. The present work pointed out the potentialities of arylazo sulfones as non‐ionic photoacid generators (PAGs) to promote the efficient conversion of aldehydes and ketones into acetals, ketals, and 1,3‐oxazolidines upon visible‐light irradiation. This approach employed mild conditions and exhibited an easy scalability and a broad scope (80 examples included).
Short‐term cyclosporin A treatment improves pregnancy outcomes in patients with unexplained pregnancy loss: A prospective, open‐label, observational study
Authors: Du Mei‐Rong , Li Ming‐Qing , Zhou Wen‐Jie , Li Da‐Jin
Published: November 2022

Background

Various treatments to improve live birth rate in women suffering unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) have proven ineffective. Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant widely used in organ transplantation, can induce maternal–foetal immune tolerance and improve trophoblast cell biological function. Whether CsA administration in the first trimester increases live birth rate in URPL women remains unknown.

Methods

A single‐centre, prospective, observational cohort study of URPL patients treated at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University was conducted between 2010 and 2016. Participants within 6 weeks of gestation were divided into two groups: CsA or dydrogesterone. To compare efficacy and safety of interventions, data describing maternal and foetal conditions throughout 180 days after labour were collected. Mathematical models were used to identify the miscarriage risk factors in the subsequent pregnancy.

Findings

908 of 1931 women aged 18–40 with naturally conceived children and URPL history were recruited and received CsA (n = 660) or dydrogesterone (n = 248) treatment. The live birth rates in CsA and dydrogesterone groups were 88.31% and 89.36%, respectively (relative risk 0.99; 95% confidence interval 0.94–1.04; p = .72). Except for ectopic pregnancy only in dydrogesterone group (p = .005), there was no significant difference in outcomes of miscarriage, preterm birth, full‐term birth, stillbirth or continued pregnancy. There was no discernible difference between CsA and dydrogesterone groups regarding maternal complications, congenital foetal abnormalities and growth. Potential risk factors for miscarriage in URPL patients included maternal age, number of prior pregnancies and miscarriages, the levels of serum progesterone, regulatory T‐cell (Tregs, CD4+CD25+CD127−T), blocking antibody and anti‐idiotypic antibody.

Interpretation

In women with URPL, short‐term CsA therapy during the first trimester may increase the likelihood of live birth. The effectiveness of CsA is comparable to dydrogesterone without increasing risk of maternal complications or foetus congenital abnormalities. For women experienced URPL, CsA may be a potential therapeutic medicine.
Discredited Facilitated Communication returns as Spelling to Communicate
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: November 2022

Nonverbal students with communication disorders have access to a variety of auxiliary aids and services that enable them to communicate, whether through typing and keyboarding, fixed letterboards, or text‐to‐speech software. Critically, each method ensures that it is the student, not a third party, who communicates — even when a third party verbalizes the letters or words a student spells by pointing to a mounted letterboard.
Increased visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio is positively associated with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in a Chinese natural population: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Shi , Huang Yaping , Li Jing , Wang Xincheng , Wang Xiaohe , Zhang Minying , Zhang Yanju , Du Meiyang , Lin Jingna , Li Chunjun
Published: November 2022

Aims

Visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle loss may be positively correlated with cardiometabolic outcomes. This study aimed to explore the associations between the visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio (VSR) and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in a Chinese natural population.

Materials and Methods

A total of 5158 participants were included in this study. Body composition, anthropometrical, and biochemical measurements were performed. Body composition was assessed via the direct segmental multi‐frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis method. The associations between VSR and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia were analysed.

Results

With the increase of VSR by one quartile, the odds ratio (OR) increased significantly for all five cardiometabolic diseases in both genders (ptrend < 0.001). With regard to the highest versus the lowest quartile of VSR, the ORs for cardiometabolic diseases were significantly higher in women than in men. Restricted cubic splines showed that there were significant non‐linear relationships between VSR and the risk of MAFLD, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension in both genders (p for non‐linearity <0.05). The risk was relatively flat until VSR reached 3.078 cm2/kg in men and 4.750 cm2/kg in women and started to increase rapidly afterwards. In men, however, the risk slowed down after the VSR value reached around 4 cm2/kg.

Conclusions

VSR was positively associated with cardiometabolic diseases regardless of gender. As VSR increased, the risk of cardiometabolic diseases was significantly higher in women than in men.

Trial Registration

www.chictr.org.cn (Registration number: ChiCTR2100044305).
Differences in soil organic matter between EcM‐ and AM‐dominated forests depend on tree and fungal identity
Authors: Hicks Pries Caitlin E. , Lankau Richard , Ingham Grace Anne , Legge Eva , Krol Owen , Forrester Jodi , Fitch Amelia , Wurzburger Nina
Published: November 2022

As global change shifts the species composition of forests, we need to understand which species characteristics affect soil organic matter (SOM) cycling to predict future soil carbon (C) storage. Recently, whether a tree species forms a symbiosis with arbuscular (AM) versus ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi has been suggested as a strong predictor of soil C storage, but there is wide variability within EcM systems. In this study, we investigated how mycorrhizal associations and the species composition of canopy trees and mycorrhizal fungi related to the proportion of soil C and nitrogen (N) in mineral associations and soil C:N across four sites representing distinct climates and tree communities in the eastern US broadleaf forest biome. In two of our sites, we found the expected relationship of declining mineral‐associated C and N and increasing soil C:N ratios as the basal area of EcM‐associating trees increased. However, across all sites these soil properties strongly correlated with canopy tree and fungal species composition. Sites where the expected pattern with EcM basal area was observed were (1) dominated by trees with lower quality litter in the Pinaceae and Fagaceae families and (2) dominated by EcM fungi with medium‐distance exploration type hyphae, melanized tissues, and the potential to produce peroxidases. This observational study demonstrates that differences in SOM between AM and EcM systems are dependent on the taxa of trees and EcM fungi involved. Important information is lost when the rich mycorrhizal symbiosis is reduced to two categories.
A Doubly Interpenetrated Cu(II)‐based Metal‐Organic Framework as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the ipso‐Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Rani Pooja , Heena  , Pundir Niharika , Gauri  , Husain Ahmad , Bhasin K. K. , Kumar Girijesh
Published: November 2022

A doubly interpenetrated Cu(II)‐organic framework with formula [{Cu2(L)2(4,4′‐bpdc)2(H2O)2} ⋅ 8H2O ⋅ CH3OH]α (1) (where, L=N2, N6‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)naphthalene‐2,6‐dicarboxamide and 4,4′‐bpdc=[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate ion) has been synthesized and characterized with the help of several spectroscopic and analytical techniques including single crystal X‐ray analysis. A single crystal X‐ray analysis reveals that 1 exhibit interpenetrated two‐dimensional sheet‐like structure containing elongated channels of cross‐section 11.09×31.22 Å2 along the a‐axis. Finally, 1 has been exploited as a heterogeneous catalyst for the ipso‐hydroxylation of arylboronic acids yielding up to 99 % of the respective phenolic product. Importantly, the catalyst can be reused for five successive cycles without having a significant loss in its catalytic efficiency.
Synthesis of chiral cyclodextrin metal‐organic framework modified with platinum on glassy carbon electrodes: Electrochemical chiral recognition of methionine enantiomers
Authors: Sun Xuezhi , Lin Chuhui , Ning Fanghong , Zhang Min , Fu Hua , Zhang Hongyang , Hu Ping
Published: November 2022

A platinum nanoparticle‐modified chiral cross‐linked cyclodextrin MOF (Pt‐CLMOF) was synthesized. Then, a chiral electrochemical sensor was constructed using the Pt‐CLMOF nanomaterials for the recognition of methionine (Met) enantiomers and the chiral recognition mechanism was revealed by density functional theory calculations. The recognition effect of Pt‐CLMOF modified electrode (Pt‐CLMOF/GCE) on Met was studied by differential pulse voltammetry. The enantioselectivity coefficient (IL/ID) was 1.98. There is an acceptable linear relationship between peak current and Met enantiomer concentration in the 2–200 μM range, the detection limits of L–Met and D‐Met were 0.33 and 0.60 μM which were obtained by this electrochemical sensor, respectively. The synthesized materials were successfully applied to the analysis of Met enantiomers, indicating that Pt‐CLMOF materials have good application potentiality.
Calculation of the Tafel slope and reaction order of the oxygen evolution reaction between pH 12 and pH 14 for the adsorbate mechanism
Authors: Antipin Denis , Risch Marcel
Published: November 2022

Despite numerous experimental and theoretical studies devoted to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the mechanism of the OER on transition metal oxides remains controversial. This is in part owing to the ambiguity of electrochemical parameters of the mechanism such as the Tafel slope and reaction orders. We took the most commonly assumed adsorbate mechanism and calculated the Tafel slopes and reaction orders with respect to pH based on microkinetic analysis using the steady‐state approximation. The analysis was performed for an ideal electrocatalyst without scaling of the intermediates as well as for one on the top of a volcano relation and one on each leg of the volcano relation which exhibits scaling of the intermediates. For these four cases, the number of possible Tafel slopes strongly depends on surface coverage. Furthermore, the Tafel slope becomes pH‐dependent when the coverage of intermediates changes with pH. These insights complicate the identification of a rate‐limiting step by a single Tafel slope at a single pH. Yet, simulations of reaction orders complementary to Tafel slopes can solve some ambiguities to distinguish between possible rate‐limiting steps. The most insightful information can be obtained from the low overpotential region of the Tafel plot. The simulations in this work provide clear guidelines to experimentalists for the identification of the limiting steps in the adsorbate mechanism using the observed values of the Tafel slope and reaction order in pH‐dependent studies.
A subcortical magnocellular pathway is responsible for the fast processing of topological properties of objects: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Zhou Tiangang , Chen Lin , Huang Yan
Published: November 2022

Rapid object recognition has survival significance. The extraction of topological properties (TP) is proposed as the starting point of object perception. Behavioral evidence shows that TP processing takes precedence over other geometric properties and can accelerate object recognition. However, the mechanism of the fast TP processing remains unclear. The magnocellular (M) pathway is well known as a fast route to convey “coarse” information, compared with the slow parvocellular (P) pathway. Here, we hypothesize that the fast processing of TP occurs in a subcortical M pathway. We applied single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary visual cortex to temporarily disrupt cortical processing. Besides, stimuli were designed to preferentially engage M or P pathways (M‐ or P‐biased conditions). We found that, when TMS disrupted cortical function at the early stages of stimulus processing, non‐TP shape discrimination was strongly impaired in both M‐ and P‐biased conditions, whereas TP discrimination was not affected in the M‐biased condition, suggesting that early M processing of TP is independent of the visual cortex, but probably occurs in a subcortical M pathway. Using an unconscious priming paradigm, we further found that early M processing of TP can accelerate object recognition by speeding up the processing of other properties, e.g., orientation. Our findings suggest that the human visual system achieves efficient object recognition by rapidly processing TP in the subcortical M pathway.
Vaginal birth as compared with cesarean section in preterm twins—Experience from a tertiary center of a middle‐income country
Authors: Priyanka Palla , Abraham Kavitha , Navneetham Preethi , Abraham Anuja , Regi Annie
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the mode of birth in early‐preterm, late‐preterm, and near‐term twins as well as to compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of each group following vaginal birth (VB) and lower‐segment cesarean section (LSCS).

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted of 100 twin pregnancies in a tertiary center between 2018 and 2019. Deliveries were allocated into the following three gestational age groups (weeks ± days) and compared: (1) early‐preterm (28 to 31 ± 6), (2) late‐preterm (32 to 35 ± 6), and (3) near‐term (≥36 weeks).

Results

The proportion of VB and LSCS were similar when early‐preterm twins (P = 0.766; relative risk [RR], 1.08) and late‐preterm twins (P = 0.071; RR, 1.21) were compared separately with near‐term twins. Perinatal outcomes did not differ between VB and LSCS within each gestational age group. When compared with the near‐term group, the early‐preterm group had more hypoglycemia (P < 0.001), hyperbilirubinemia (P < 0.001), respiratory distress (P < 0.001), low APGAR scores (P < 0.001), and death (P < 0.001) irrespective of the mode of birth. The late‐preterm group had lower morbidity and mortality (P = 0.227). Postpartum hemorrhage and blood transfusion were similar between the groups.

Conclusion

The proportion of VB and LSCS and associated maternal and neonatal outcomes did not differ in twins of different gestational ages. The data provide reassurance to practitioners to perform vaginal delivery in preterm twins.
GLP‐1 rescued gestational diabetes mellitus‐induced suppression of fetal thalamus development
Authors: You Longfei , Deng Yujie , Li Dan , Lin Yangyang , Wang Yuling
Published: November 2022

Diabetes can be classified as type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It has been reported that children born from mothers with GDM present motor impairment, however, underlying mechanisms of GDM‐induce fetal neurological diseases remain unknown. In this study, NOD (nonobese diabetic) mice were used to construct the GDM model; after 2 weeks of gestation, thalamocortical axon development of fetal was evaluated by immunofluorescence. PCR of LRRC4C was used to confirm axon development of the thalamus cortex. RNA array was used to predict possible targets affected by GDM during fetal neurodevelopment. Western blot was used to investigate the underlying mechanism, PI3K inhibitor, and MAPK inhibitor was used to determine key pathway involved in this model, in vitro axonal growth was evaluated using neural stem cells, tactile sensory behavior of offspring was assessed to confirm neurological influence further. The result shown that maternal diabetes significantly suppressed axonal development of fetal thalamus cortex, PCR array of GDM fetal brain indicated that upregulation of GLP‐1R compared with normal fetal, ELISA confirmed that GLP‐1 level was decreased in GDM maternal serum compared with that of wild type pregnant mice. In vitro study observed enhanced axonal elongation after supplements of GLP‐1 analog, GLP‐1 analog PI3K‐dependently active ROCK1 activity, IP injection of GLP‐1 analog could partly reverse GDM‐induced suppression of fetal thalamocortical axon development and improve tactile sensory behavior of GDM offspring. Our study provided a novel mechanism of GDM induced‐neurological diseases and predicted GLP‐1 as possible prevention supplement during gestation.
Low energy synthesis of anhydrite cement from waste lime mud
Authors: Kamarou Maksim , Moskovskikh Dmitry , Chan Ho Lun , Wang Haitao , Li Tielong , Akinwande Abayomi Adewale , Romanovski Valentin
Published: November 2022

Background

The re‐use of waste is the most important aspect of sustainable development for human health and environmental protection. Millions of tons of hazardous spent sulfuric acid and lime mud are produced by water treatment facilities every year. Unlike other types of waste, lime mud can sometimes be used for the thermal regeneration of lime. However, this approach requires a high energy consumption and, thus, cannot be considered a sustainable or green process. Compared to the latest research, the method presented here allowed for the production of anhydrite in one step at very low temperatures and in a short time while also bypassing the stage of gypsum phase formation.

Results

Calcium sulfate anhydrite was synthesized from the water treatment waste of lime mud by a low‐temperature method at temperatures of 25 and 45 °С. The resulting samples were composed of anhydrite with different crystal morphologies. This was confirmed by XRD, DTA, SEM, TEM, and thermochemical calculations. Dependences of the influence of the shape of crystals on the main technological properties of anhydrite cement and the influence of additives on the activation of the binding properties were established.

Conclusion

The research shows that different types of calcium sulfate anhydrite require different additives and in different amounts. Introducing the optimal composition of additives‐activators made it possible to obtain anhydrite cement with a water‐anhydrite ratio of 0.25, an onset of setting no earlier than 40 min, an end of setting no later than 12 h, and a strength of 28.8 MPa. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Radical synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles using acridine yellow G as a photo‐induced electron transfer photocatalyst
Authors: Mohamadpour Farzaneh
Published: November 2022

We developed a green method for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole scaffolds using Knoevenagel‐Michael tandem cyclocondensation of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehydes, and malononitrile. Acridine yellow G (AYG) was used as a photo‐induced electron transfer (photo‐induced electron transfer) photocatalyst via visible light as a sustainable energy source in an aqueous solution. This study is aimed at the development of an inexpensive and readily available non‐metal dye. With photochemically catalyzed AYG, yields are high, energy efficiency and environmental friendliness are present, as are significant atom economies, speed‐saving features, and ease of use. The result is that a wide range of chemical and environmental variables can be monitored over time. In this study, we calculated the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole scaffolds.
A study of help‐seeking behaviors for African American men: Implications for counselor education
Authors: Shannon Jordan
Published: November 2022

Historically, stigma and help‐seeking intentions are largely seen as determinants on whether an individual uses professional counseling services. These constructs, however, have been understudied in African American men. Adopting a humanistic approach, this study revealed how the overarching constructs of stigma and help‐seeking intentions predicted whether African American men sought counseling. Logistic regression analyses of African American men (N = 119) confirmed stigma and help‐seeking intentions as predictors of counseling.
Predicting crop yields in Senegal using machine learning methods
Authors: Sarr Alioune Badara , Sultan Benjamin
Published: November 2022

Agriculture plays an important role in Senegalese economy and annual early warning predictions of crop yields are highly relevant in the context of climate change. In this study, we used three main machine learning methods (support vector machine, random forest, neural network) and one multiple linear regression method, namely Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), to predict yields of the main food staple crops (peanut, maize, millet and sorghum) in 24 departments of Senegal. Three combination of predictors (climate data, vegetation data or a combination of both) are used to compare the respective contribution of statistical methods and inputs in the predictive skill. Our results showed that the combination of climate and vegetation with the machine learning methods gives the best performance. The best prediction skill is obtained for peanut yield likely due to its high sensitivity to interannual climate variability. Although more research is needed to integrate the results of this study into an operational framework, this paper provides evidence of the promising performance machine learning methods. The development and operationalization of such prediction and their integration into operational early warning systems could increase resilience of Senegal to climate change and contribute to food security.
Comprehensive evaluation of the Greenland halibut bone soup quality traits under different thermoultrasonic power
Authors: Bu Ying , Han Menglin , He Wei , Zhu Wenhui , Zhang Yuyu , Li Xuepeng , Li Jianrong , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2022

Background

Our preliminary study proved that thermoultrasonic treatment (TUT) had a splendid optimization impact on the quality of halibut bone soup. To explore the effects of different ultrasonic power (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 W) on the quality characteristics of halibut bone soup, the nutritional components, flavor, and micro nanoparticles (MNPs) traits were analyzed. Furthermore, comprehensive evaluation was implemented by the coefficient of variation method.

Result

Using ultrasonic power at 400 W resulted in a stable bone soup system with thick and milky white and increased migration of nutrients in soup. The contents of water‐soluble proteins, total sugar, and solids were 154.72 mg/100 ml, 18.29 mg/100 ml, and 3.07 g/100 ml, respectively. Simultaneously, the MNPs' particle size was 606.08 nm, and the particle size distribution was more concentrated. Besides, 5′‐nucleotides, organic acids, and other flavor substances in halibut bone broth were most abundant after the treatment of 400 W. The comprehensive score of halibut bone soup under 400 W treatment was the highest (28.16), obviously higher than those of other treatment groups.

Conclusion

TUT at 400 W can be used to produce high‐quality halibut bone soup and provide a reference for the rational application of fishbone by‐product processing.