bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of non-healing wound (in the stage of Kushta Purvaroopa) through Ayurveda - A case study
Authors: Jagdale Achyut , Joshi Pravin , Shingare Amit
Published: July 2023

Non-healing wounds are a serious problem faced by many patients. Chronic non-healing wounds are those which fail to progress through a timely sequence of repair. Typically, there is a physiologic impairment that slows or prevents wound healing. The incidence of non-healing wounds is expected to increase as our population ages. The impact on the health and quality of life of the patient and the family cannot be underestimated. Ayurveda has mentioned this condition in the prodromal stage of skin manifestation (Kushta Purvaroopa) as a Chronic -non-healing wound (Vrananaam Chirasthithi). By applying Ati Desha Tantra Yukti (incorporation of useful knowledge from other sources, which are not described in the current science), in this condition, we can understand non-healing wounds and find an appropriate solution to this through Ayurveda. Hence Samprapti (pathology) of Kushta if analysed critically reveals the existence of non-healing wounds. Proceeding on these lines if treatment is started it would be logical. As the term Vrananaam Chirasthithi is not described elsewhere, similar other Samprapti of other Vyadhi (disease) are automatically ruled out. So keeping this assumption in mind the present study was designed for the addition of a new approach to already existing non-healing wounds. The patient was selected for treatment on the lines of Kushta. Based on the observations, the effects of the treatment were analyzed. Treatment modalities relate to Kustha Purvaroopa and mainly removing the Rasa Rakta Mamsagata Kleda (Body fluid, blood and muscle excessive wetness) resulting in wound healing and achievement of Shuddha Chikitsa (pure treatment) without any adverse drug reaction and cost-effectiveness.
Rethinking the human resource (HR) strategy in the face of systematic failures in the devolved health sector in Kenya
Authors:   School of Business, Alupe University, Busia, Kenya, Murimi Michael , Lopar Samuel ,   County Government of West Pokot, West Pokot, Kenya, Kirande Jairus ,   Council of Legal Education, Nairobi, Kenya, Kombo Alice ,   Kenya Rural Roads Authority, Nyamira, Kenya, Kipkorir Bett ,   County Government of Bomet, Bomet, Kenya
Published: July 2023

This viewpoint paper is about rethinking the human resources (HR) strategy in the face of systematic failures in the devolved health sector in Kenya. The paper gives a background introduction of the health sector of Kenya as defined and established by the constitution of Kenya, explains the sharing of functions devolved in the health sector, and explains the history of devolution of the health sector. Under the identification and justification of the study, the paper highlights how specialized skills in health service provision are concentrated in urban centers and emphasizes a lack of inter-county transfer of services. The paper further explains the distribution of healthcare service provision, the current management of HR, and the statement of specific problems in Kenya; such problems include outcry from healthcare providers, which is manifested by frequent strikes across the country over issues to do with salaries, promotions, and career development. The viewpoint of the authors is that the seven building blocks of the health sector in Kenya are vital. The six building blocks can be handled by county governments while one block that deals with the management of HR of the health sector should be reformed, strengthened, and handled by the national government, hence the paper proposes the introduction of a health service commission to manage human resource components of the health sector. Finally, boost the Ministry of Health’s effective control of the healthcare workforce by advancing and integrating policies relating to health systems, services, and cross-sectorial collaboration to revive primary healthcare services and attain universal health coverage.
A Simple Modification to the EDAS Method for Two Exceptional Cases
Authors:   Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities (Azadshahr Branch), Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran, Ghorabaee Mehdi Keshavarz-
Published: July 2023

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods and techniques have been applied to many real-world problems in different fields of engineering science and technology. The evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method is an efficient MCDM method. The aim of this study is to propose a modification to address two exceptional cases in which the EDAS method fails to solve an MCDM problem.
Investigating the effective strategies for teaching pronunciation
Authors: Rasuli Mohammad Hassan , Makhdoomzada Fida Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Teaching English pronunciation strategies is very important and valuable in the English language, which in our country doesn’t have any proper strategies for teaching English pronunciation to English students because of these reasons most of the students have difficulties in learning English pronunciation. And using this strategy can solve the students’ problems. It also makes it easier for the language teachers to teach English pronunciation in a successful and reasonable matter. According to Mortimer (1997), English pronunciation strategies are very important and valuable in English language. Therefore, the tittle of my research is about investigating the effective strategies for teaching pronunciation at English Department of Sarepol University. Quantitative research method is used in this research. The populations of sample of this research consist of 100 students from different class of English Department of Sarepol University. In this study 50% the research population is male and 50% of them were female. The result obtained in this research by the questioner as a survey is as follow, which are the answer to the research questions. At the end of this research some recommendations and suggestions were inserted by the students as well as by researchers to the English Department of Sarepol University. Teaching English pronunciation included the teaching curriculum of the English Department. Finally, it’s suggested that effective strategies for teaching English Pronunciation must be include in the curriculum of English Department of Education Faculty to facilitate the students’ problems in the field of English pronunciation.
VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA IDOSOS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Batista Débora Silva , Coutinho Ana Clara Xavier Sena , Barbosa Gustavo Henrique de Souza , Dupim Iasmin Borges de Freitas , Mesquita Lívia Oliviera , Silva Maria Eduarda Barbosa , Guerra Heloísa Silva
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Analisar as características da violência sofrida por idosos durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura com artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2023. A pergunta de pesquisa que norteou o trabalho foi: ““Quais as características da violência sofrida por idosos no período da pandemia da Covid-19?”. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, LILACS e SciELO, com descritores padronizados. Foram incluídos artigos nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol; com texto completo disponível online e que abordavam a temática do estudo. Resultados: Durante a pandemia causada pelo vírus SARS-COV 2, houve um aumento da violência contra a população idosa. O principal perfil das vítimas envolvia idosos com maior dependência e fragilidade, os que perderam consideravelmente sua funcionalidade, funções cognitivas, habilidades pessoais básicas e com baixa escolaridade. Ademais, o sexo feminino foi o grupo mais afetado, em razão de sua maior vulnerabilidade. A violência era apresentada de diversas formas, como: física, moral, financeira, sexual, abandono e negligência. Considerações finais: A violência contra idosos é um fenômeno complexo, multifatorial e mais estudos são necessários para compreender sua real dimensão, além de pautar a implementação de medidas de prevenção, controle e suporte às vítimas.
Information about mammals listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan, captured in camera traps on the territory of the State Scientific and Technological Enterprise "Kolsai Kolderi"
Authors:   ", Arynov B.B. ,   Kulsai Lakes",   State National Natural Park, Akhmetov H.A. ,   "Kulsai Lakes" State National Natural Park, Alimkulov M.M. ,   "Kulsai Lakes" State National Natural Park, Arystanov S.K. ,   "Kulsai Lakes" State National Natural Park, Bolatuly A. ,   "Kulsai Lakes" State National Natural Park
Published: July 2023

The article provides information about mammals listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taken in camera traps on the territory of the State Research and Production Enterprise "Kolsai Kolderi". According to preliminary information and literature data, 51 species of mammals are represented. Of these, 7 species are the Ursus arctos isabellinus Horsfield, 1826), Lutra lutra seistanica Birula, 1912, Lynx lynx isabellinus Blyth, 1847, Uncia uncia Schreber, 1775, Ovis ammon ammon (Linnaeus, 1758), Martes foina Erxleben, 1777 and Otocolobus manul (Pallas, 1776) are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is registered in the International Red Book. From 2014 to 2022, only 4 species of rare animals listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan were recorded in camera traps on the territory of the Kolsai Kolderi State Scientific and Industrial Enterprise. These are Uncia uncia, Ursus arctos isabellinus, Lynx lynx isabellinus and Martes foina. In the course of the research, both traditional methods of field theriological research were used, including visual observations, identification and registration of various traces of animal activity, as well as remote methods using automatic animal tracking cameras (camera traps).
Qualitative composition and location features of predatory animals (Carnivora: Canidae, Mustelidae) living in the floodplain of the Ile River
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Yeszhanov B. , Spanbek N.B. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: July 2023

The article presents for the first time new data on habitats, shelters and the dynamics of the number of 6 species of predators found in the floodplain of the Ile River and adjacent territories in the spring and summer months (during the breeding season) in 2007-2019, 2022. The research was carried out using classical methods of theriological science. These predators can be divided into 2 groups: 1-sedentary and 2-nomads. The first group includes 3 species (jackal, fox, badger), and the second group includes 3 species (wolf, dressing, weasel). The share of predators in the use of biotopes is different: 3 species in floodplains of rivers (jackal, fox, badger), 1 species among reeds on islands (jackal), 3 species in fortified hilly sands (wolf, fox, bandaging), one species in open steppes of rare vegetation (weasel), 4 species in rocky-rocky places (wolf, fox, badger, weasel) and in localities there are 2 species (jackal, weasel). By the nature of the use of shelters, predators are divided into lairs, burrows and "freeloaders" (occupying other people's burrows). Lairs include one species (wolf), burrowers 3 species (jackal, fox, badger), 2 species (dressing, weasel) occupy other people's burrows. The number of predators fluctuated between 2017 and 2019 under the influence of various factors (food supply, excessive anxiety, poaching). During these years, on a 10-kilometer route (only 90 km), the average number of wolves was 0.33 individuals, jackals – 5.3, foxes-3.7, badgers-2, bandages -0.67 and weasels -1.0 individuals.
The Correlation among L2MSS, Foreign Language Enjoyment and Boredom in Online Classes: An Exploratory Study of Chinese English Majors
Authors: Cong Yilin , Yang Lei
Published: July 2023

According to the statistical results of questionnaires issued, this research, standing up for positive psychology (PP), analyzed the relationship between second language motivational self system (L2MSS), foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language learning boredom (FLLB) of Chinese English language students in the post- pandemic era in an e-learning environment. The results show that: (1) Chinese English majors maintain a medium to high level of L2MSS and FLE in their online classes, and a medium level of foreign language learning boredom; (2) FLE has a negative correlation with FLLB; (3) FLE produces a positive predictive trend for ideal L2MSS and learning experience. However, FLLB does not produce a significant predictive trend for either of these categories. The study integrates multiple theories in second language acquisition (SLA), which not only corroborates the applicability of the undoing hypothesis in the online classroom, but also provides a scientific basis for improving language learning outcomes for English majors in China at a theoretical level.
Le lichen corail cendré des sables. Enjeu de la protection de la nature et de l'aménagement des cours d'eau
Authors: Chantal M. Hischier , David Frey , Neria Römer , Christoph Scheidegger , Silvia Stofer , Mathias Vust , Sabine Fink
Published: July 2023

Les zones alluviales sont des points névralgiques à la croisée de nombreux intérêts comme l’énergie hydraulique ou les loisirs de proximité. Parallèlement, elles abritent de nombreuses espèces, dont certaines sont spécialisées et rares. Une meilleure compréhension des exigences en matière d’habitat de tels organismes permet de mieux planifier et mettre en oeuvre des mesures de gestion dans les zones alluviales et d’améliorer la coopération entre la recherche, la protection de la nature et d’autres groupes d’intérêt. L’exemple du lichen corail cendré des sables (Stereocaulon incrustatum) montre comment la protection d’une espèce de lichen menacée de disparition et la préservation de la dynamique fluviale naturelle dans les paysages alluviaux peuvent aller de pair.
Appendix The Ideological Drivers Behind the Support for the Use of Direct Democracy among Voters and Parties of Benelux Countries
Authors: Paulis Emilien , Rangoni Sacha
Published: July 2023

The Ideological Drivers Behind the Support for the Use of Direct Democracy among Voters and Parties of Benelux Countries

The use of referendums has gained popularity among both voters and parties. Yet, despite the diffusion of such direct forms of democracy during the last decades in Europe, referendums remain not a very common policy instrument in Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg). We establish that this trend could be explained by a large consensus among mainstream (especially right) parties and voters against the use of direct democracy. Moreover, we confirmed the well-established demarcation with radical ideologies, which convey overall more support and congruence on the use of referendums than the mainstream. Additionally, and probably reflecting this new line of cleavage, we show that support for referendums among the voters relate to left-wing economic position, but also with culturally right-wing view. Overall, this article questions the relevance of the traditional left-right divide to explain support for direct democracy, as well as the capacity for (some) parties to align with their voters in terms of democratic demands.
Respostas enzimáticas da cana-de-açúcar em área de sequeiro
Authors: Da Silva Luana Maria Alves , Carvalho Rezanio Martins , Fonseca Káthia Raquel Lopes , Santos Ananda Rosa Beserra , De Assunção Emanuel Feitosa , Silva Risoneide de Cássia Zeferino , Simeão Marcelo , Dos Santos Tarciana Silva
Published: July 2023

A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de grande importância econômica, tanto para o comércio interno como exportações, no entanto a produtividade no Nordeste está abaixo da média nacional. Entre os fatores que contribuem para redução na produtividade da cultura, o ataque de fitonematoides se destaca, devido elevados prejuízos à produção agrícola. Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne incognita e M. javanica são as espécies mais freqüentes e importantes, pela agressividade e potencial de dano à cultura. Estes estresses bióticos estimulam diferentes respostas na planta, como a capacidade de produzir as espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs). Como proteção contra estes efeitos tóxicos intermediários de oxigênio, as células das plantas utilizam um sistema de defesa antioxidante, onde enzimas protegem as células vegetais dos efeitos citotóxicos das EROs. No presente trabalho, foram realizados estudos, em duas áreas cultivadas em sistema de sequeiro, e teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do manejo imposto à cana-de-açúcar (sequeiro) por ocasião do plantio e da soca sobre a dinâmica das populações de nematoides presentes e respostas enzimáticas da planta, para isso foi determinado as respostas enzimáticas (ascorbato peroxidase e superóxido dismutase) na planta em função do manejo da cana-de-açúcar; o efeito do manejo ao longo do tempo sobre o comportamento das comunidades de nematoides e suas relações com a atividade das enzimas antioxidativas na planta; além de correlacionar as variações nas comunidades de nematoides com a atividade das enzimas antioxidativas da cultura. As amostras foram coletadas, aos seis e nove meses após o plantio. Houve correlação linear significativa entre a enzima superóxido dismutase e Pratylenchus spp., indicando que a enzima foi diretamente proporcional ao número de ovos, que pode ter ocorrido, em consequência da resposta da planta com a presença dos ovos, na tentativa de reduzir os danos no seu metabolismo.
Características químico-bromatológicas de silagens de Pennisetum purpureum Schum. com inclusão de abacaxi (Ananas comosus Lam.)
Authors: De Souza Tamires Serique , Azevedo Marcia Mourão Ramos , De Araújo Bárbara Eduarda Albarado , Araújo Jairo Augusto Sousa , Farias Maicon Alexandre Silva , Aguiar Alexander Silva , De Lima Jucelane Salvino , Pereira Kedes Paulo , Severo Robinson , Taube Junior Paulo Sergio
Published: July 2023

Objetivou-se nessa pesquisa avaliar as características químico-bromatológicas de silagens de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) com adição de 0; 10; 20 e 30% do subproduto do abacaxi (Ananas comosus) com base na matéria natural do capim-elefante em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, contendo 5 repetições cada tratamento. O material foi ensilado em silos de PVC, após 30 dias foram abertos e coletados amostras para determinar os teores de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), matéria mineral (MM), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em Detergente Neutro (FDN) e Fibra em Detergente Ácido (FDA) e nitrogênio amoniacal. O teor mínimo de PB (6-8%) para um bom funcionamento ruminal foi obtido com a inclusão do abacaxi, o teor de FDA reduziu (P < 0,05) com a adição do subproduto do abacaxi, quanto às frações fibrosas das silagens, a inclusão de níveis crescentes deste subproduto contribuiu para sua diminuição. Conclui-se que inclusão do abacaxi melhorou o valor nutritivo das silagens reduzindo os teores de FND e FDA, além de melhorar a fermentação com níveis de proteína dentro do preconizado na literatura.
Aplicação da acupuntura estética e da ventosaterapia no tratamento de rugas estáticas faciais
Authors: Leal Lázara Thalita Ferreira , Souza Geyse Kerolly Brasileiro Lima , Do Prado Débora Pereira Gomes , Bridi Vanessa , Ribeiro Isabella da Costa , Barbosa Isa Marianny Ferreira Nascimento , Rezende Stéfanne Rodrigues , Rezende Hanstter Hallison Alves
Published: July 2023

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Bragato, P. E.; et al. (2013) Aplicação de eletrolifting em rugas faciais: relato de caso. Revista UNIANDRADE, v. 14, n. 2.
 
Macedo, M. C. A. (2015). Tratamento de rugas: uma revisão bibliográfica sobre carboxiterapia, radiofrequência e microcorrente. Revista Visão Universitária, v.2, n. 1.
 
Nakano, M. A. Y.; Yamamura, Y. (2010). Livro dourado da acupuntura em dermatologia e estética. Center AO, 2a ed.
 
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Ribeiro, H. R. (2021). A eficácia da acupuntura no tratamento e prevenção de rugas: revisão bibliográfica. Health of Humans, v.3, n.2, p.1-11. Fernandes 2008
 
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Digital cognitive behavioural psychoeducation as a free, mass intervention that can involve all school psychologists offi ces in Poland
Authors: Toczyski Piotr
Published: July 2023

The article presents the possibility of implementation of digital cognitive behavioural psychoeducation as a mass, free intervention in Polish schools. The author describes the iFightDepression tool which was implemented as part of the EAAD-Best.eu project, funded by the European Commission. This tool can involve a lot of users, increase access to treatment and reach people who are reluctant to use traditional mental health services. iFightDepression is based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and has been clinically tested to show positive antidepressant effects. The author draws attention to the possibility of using the tool as an element of prevention in school psychological and pedagogical offices, which may contribute to reducing mental health crises in Polish schools.
Genes y Mutaciones Implicados en Distrofias Retinianas
Authors: Porras Delia
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las enfermedades retinianas hereditarias (IRD por sus siglas en inglés), son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades visualmente debilitantes causadas por la variación patogénica en proteínas críticas para la función retiniana. El diagnóstico temprano y preciso es necesario para las personas con IRD para permitir la toma de decisiones del paciente, identificar estudios clínicos adecuados, oportunidades de tratamiento y mejorar los resultados del paciente. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos PUBMED y MEDLINE de MeSH: “Inherited Retinal Diseases”, “mutations”, “molecular diagnosis”. Se utilizó filtros de búsqueda para obtener estudios denominados como ensayos clínicos o multicéntricos, estudios observaciones y de revisión. RESULTADOS: IRD siguen patrones de herencia simples (autosómica dominante, autosómico recesivo, ligado al cromosoma X y mitocondrial) y están asociados con mutaciones en 280 genes. La compleja base molecular de las IRD refleja una gama igualmente heterogénea de fenotipos clínicos, que varían en términos de compromiso del tipo de célula/tejido, inicio de la enfermedad, gravedad y progresión. CONCLUSIÓN: El reconocimiento de estas mutaciones y su adecuada aplicabilidad en la práctica clínica supone un avance extraordinario en el abordaje de esta patología.
Can "resilience" protect key workers from poor mental health?
Authors: Anderson Gregory S , Carleton R. Nicholas
Published: July 2023

Can “resilience” protect key workers from poor mental health?

First responders, other public safety personnel, and healthcare workers appear to be those most at risk of poor mental health following their occupations – but what does increasing resilience do, and how can governments protect their key workers? The contemporary Canadian healthcare model and associated research efforts typically focus on diagnoses and treatments of experienced illnesses and injuries; in contrast, proactive mitigation efforts have received much less attention.
Exploring neurological & mental brain disorders in Europe
Authors: Kramer Stephanie , Destrebecq Frédéric
Published: July 2023

Exploring neurological & mental brain disorders in Europe

Stephanie Kramer and Frédéric Destrebecq of the European Brain Council discuss updates on Brain disorders in Europe – neurological and mental alike. Brain disorders are widespread in Europe, highly disabling and often difficult to treat. Approximately 60% of the European population lives with a neurological condition, and one in six citizens in Europe is affected by mental ill-health. To Kramer and Destrebecq, investing in the brain and brain research is critical. However, instead of divesting in a cost, policymakers and society at large should view the prioritisation and support of research into brain disorders as an investment into a healthier future. Calling for prioritisation of research of brain disorders at the political level has been a major effort from the brain research community for decades, but, despite a steady growth of investment by the European Union, it has been nowhere near enough, lacks efficiency, remains fragmented, lacks recognition as a priority area, and is persistently misunderstood and underestimated.
Keep your teeth for life, but how?
Authors: Christophel Ruth , Donnet Marcel , Dixit Neha
Published: July 2023

Keep your teeth for life, but how?

Drs Marcel Donnet and Neha Dixit discuss the importance of teeth cleaning and how the innovative AIRFLOW® PLUS powder can tackle biofilm and safeguard oral health. Researchers have long discussed the importance of teeth cleaning and the link between a healthy mouth and providing a good foundation for a healthy body. Luckily, the association between oral and overall health is becoming increasingly well-known. Together with researchers and clinicians, EMS has developed Guided Biofilm Therapy (GBT) to completely remove plaque (also known as biofilm) and calculus. In eight steps, patients are diagnosed, motivated by disclosing and treated to a wellness-like experience. Here, Drs Donnet and Dixit look to the challenges associated with teeth cleaning, how dentists can remove biofilm, and whether powder have any negative impacts or damage the tooth surface or structure. Overall, they argue that from the patient’s point of view, their methods will provide the most comfortable, pain-free treatment option for effective teeth cleaning.
The rotating lepton model: Electron and positron catalysis of chemical and nuclear synthesis
Authors: Vayenas Constantinos G , Tsousis Dionysios
Published: July 2023

The rotating lepton model: Electron and positron catalysis of chemical and nuclear synthesis

Professor Emeritus Constantinos Vayenas from the University of Patras and PhD student Dionysios Tsousis from Stanford University discuss electron and positron catalysis in the CERN e+e- annihilation experiments via the Rotating Lepton Model. Electrons and positrons play a central role in heterogeneous catalysis and electrochemistry since they can interact directly via electrostatic interactions with molecular or ionic reactants, intermediates, and products. Electrochemistry’s entire science and technology is based on electrostatic electron – or positron-atom interactions. Here, they discuss the elementary particles, microscopic reversibility and the Rotating Lepton Model, Experimental validations of the Rotating Lepton Model, neutrino rest masses computation, and finally, structural information. In summary, the CERN positron-electron annihilation experiments shed new light on the interactions between neutrinos, positrons and electrons and confirm the mechanism of the Rotating Lepton Model by showing that the Z boson is a rotating positron-electron-neutrino (m3) (e+e– ν3) particle.
The development of research software engineering as a profession
Authors: Leng Joanna
Published: July 2023

The development of research software engineering as a profession

Dr Joanna Leng at the School of Computing explores Research Software Engineering (RSE) as an emerging profession, and how computing technology is core to many professions. Research Software Engineering is a young and emerging profession. This article looks at how it compares to other more mature professions and how all these professions handle two factors that are particularly important to the RSE profession, the stability of computing technologies and the adoption of these computing technologies by each profession.
The history of psychedelics and why psychedelic stories matter
Authors: Dyck Erika
Published: July 2023

The history of psychedelics and why psychedelic stories matter

Erika Dyck argues that how people learn about psychedelics today matters, based on the histories of these drugs and how they have been and should be used in clinical medicine. While these substances have piqued the interest and influenced the attitudes of individuals across academia, culture, and medicine, expanding before and well after the 1950's, Dr. Dyck notes that psychedelic drugs have had a long and colourful history. However, their history has not come without polarising opinions, as until recently, trends in cultural attitudes towards non-medical drug use in general and the role of consciousness-altering substances in clinical medicine have often been negative. Despite this writing tradition, more and more public conversations on psychedelics are coming from people with enthusiastic claims about the benefits of psychedelic drug use that rely on severing the current culture of psychedelics from the past, and some might even suggest severing psychedelics from mainstream institutions which tend to be more conservative – like universities or food and drug administrations, or even healthcare systems.
Welfare economics: Promoting equality through general policies
Authors: Ng Yew-Kwang
Published: July 2023

Welfare economics: Promoting equality through general policies

Yew-Kwang Ng, Emeritus Professor at the Department of Economics, Monash University, continues a discussion about welfare economics, focusing on efficiency supremacy in specific areas, arguing that equality should be promoted through general policies. In the April issue, I published a piece on ‘An Economic Analysis of Social Welfare’ and in an Open Access Government eBook, a piece on ‘The Welfare Foundation of Public Policies and Its Implications’. Here, and in subsequent pieces in October 2023, January and April 2024, I will discuss some important messages of welfare economics for public policies.
A focus on Global Biodiversity Framework Target 7: Approaches to pollution
Authors: Neumann Christoph
Published: July 2023

A focus on Global Biodiversity Framework Target 7: Approaches to pollution

Dr Christoph Neumann analyses the Global Biodiversity Framework Target 7, and explains the need for a qualified risk-based approach to pollution from the COP15 convention. The key outcome of the COP15 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) meeting in December 2023 in Montreal was adopting the Global Biodiversity Framework. Target 7 of the Global Biodiversity Framework, as adopted, reads as follows: “Reduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources, by 2030, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including:” (a) “reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use;” (b) “reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and also” (c) “preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution.” (1)
Developing novel treatments for childhood solid cancers
Authors: Houghton Peter J
Published: July 2023

Developing novel treatments for childhood solid cancers

With a particular focus on glioma, Dr Peter J Houghton from Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute outlines the barriers that have hindered the development of effective therapies for childhood solid cancers. Childhood cancer represents less than 1% of human cancers, thus, is not a priority for drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the consequences of having a child diagnosed with a malignant disease can be devastating for families. Developing new therapies for childhood solid cancers presents certain constraints that are seldom encountered with neoplastic diseases diagnosed in adults. Childhood tumours are rare, which has therefore restricted large-scale drug evaluations or randomised clinical trials. For example, of the new Phase I agents evaluated in adult malignancies, less than 30% receive an adequate assessment in children.
Understanding age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Peto Tunde
Published: July 2023

Understanding age-related macular degeneration

Tunde Peto, Professor of Clinical Ophthalmology at Queen’s University Belfast, describes the symptoms, causes and treatments for age-related macular degeneration and how the prevalence of the disease could be reduced. Imagine living your life without being able to see the face of your loved ones, being able to read your phone, book a show, rebook a cancelled flight, or read the labels in the supermarket. Such tasks we do without giving these much thought until suddenly, one day, we realise that we cannot do them. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can lead to the loss of central vision, causing sight loss or even legal blindness. This disease is the most common cause of blindness in those over 65, (1) and while it is genetically driven in most cases, not everyone will get the disease, even if they are at risk. Its effect can be devastating, especially for those with multiple comorbidities, who have no immediate social support and for whom reading, writing, or watching television or the birds might have been the major contributor to maintaining good mental health.(2)
Understanding immune mechanisms to create novel treatments for primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Umeshappa Channakeshava S
Published: July 2023

Understanding immune mechanisms to create novel treatments for primary biliary cholangitis

Professor Channakeshava S Umeshappa from Dalhousie University discusses the burden of primary biliary cholangitis and how understanding immune mechanisms may help to treat it. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is characterised by chronic inflammation of the interlobular bile ducts, leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure if left untreated. Symptoms of PBC include fatigue, jaundice, itchy skin, abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, dry eyes and mouth, and bone and joint aches. The incidence of PBC is increasing worldwide,(1) but is most common in Europe and North America.(2) PBC has a female predominance, affecting primarily middle-aged women (over 90% of the PBC cases). Clinically, it is often diagnosed by detecting anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies and elevated alkaline phosphatase enzymes in blood tests.
Understanding HIV risk in older adults
Authors: Conner Laneshia
Published: July 2023

Understanding HIV risk in older adults

Laneshia Conner, Assistant Professor at the University of Kentucky, discusses gaps in HIV and AIDS prevention and why greater awareness and support for HIV risk in older adults is needed. When AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) appeared in the 1980s, blood transfusions were the route of transmission and heavily impacted older adults (those aged 50 and above). Individuals deemed ‘at-risk’ were those who received transfusions before 1985. The social stigma surrounding HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS as a disease primarily affecting White, homosexual males or individuals living in Sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in a lack of awareness among people outside of these groups, making it difficult for them to connect with and internalise the reality that anyone can be affected by the virus.
Progress in development of disease-modifying treatments in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Huttunen Henri
Published: July 2023

Progress in development of disease-modifying treatments in Parkinson's Disease

Henri Huttunen, Chief Scientific Officer, Herantis Pharma Plc, charts progress in the development of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson’s disease. Recent FDA approvals of two potentially disease-modifying Alzheimer’s disease drugs give hope that similar successes in Parkinson’s disease may be around the corner. However, despite the recent advances in understanding complex disease biology and the development of novel drug targets and biomarkers, progress in the clinical development of new treatments remains slow.
New care models for older adults seeking emergency care
Authors: Robinson Katie , Galvin Rose
Published: July 2023

New care models for older adults seeking emergency care

Professors Katie Robinson and Rose Galvin from the Ageing Research Centre at the University of Limerick describe research on new models of care for older adults seeking emergency care. Research notes that emergency department crowding leads to long waiting times, treatment delays, increased costs, staff burnout and reduced patient satisfaction. While the problem of emergency department crowding is multifaceted and complex, and no magic bullet will resolve the issue, researchers at the Ageing Research Centre UL are exploring how new modes of care for older adults seeking emergency care can improve their overall care experience and clinical outcomes while reducing unscheduled care use. Analysing two trials, the OPTIMEND randomised controlled trial and the ED PLUS pilot trial, the University of Limerick plans to establish what outcomes should be evaluated in ED studies with older adults. They will also be working to develop standards of care for frail older adults attending the ED and a larger-scale evaluation of ED PLUS as well.
Supporting Europe's transition to climate-neutral farming
Authors: Bergez Jacques-Eric
Published: July 2023

Supporting Europe's transition to climate-neutral farming

We hear from ClieNFarms, an Innovation Action project funded by the European Commission to support the European Green Deal and achieve climate-neutral farming across Europe’s agricultural industry by 2050. Farmers play a critical role in ensuring food sustainability. They are responsible for producing the food we eat, but farming practices can significantly impact the environment and the long-term availability of resources. Although agriculture contributes 10.3% of the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions, it has strong potential for climate mitigation through soil carbon sequestration and storage, albedo effects, and the reduction of greenhouse gases etc. (1) More real-life experiments, clarification, and support are required for climate neutrality and climate-resilient farming. One recent example is the EU carbon removal certification framework proposal, which ‘aims to scale up carbon removal activities and fight greenwashing by empowering businesses to show their action in this field’.(2) As well as being an essential initial step, the proposal further solidified the importance of farming practices and the need for sustainable carbon farming solutions.
Potential implications of cosmetic BoNT-A use on future treatment options for neuromuscular disorders and pain
Authors: Dingley Mary
Published: July 2023

Potential implications of cosmetic BoNT-A use on future treatment options for neuromuscular disorders and pain

Given the rise in cosmetic procedures involving BoNT-A, cosmetic physician Dr Mary Dingley discusses the therapeutic implications of antibody-induced resistance on future treatment of various conditions, including post-stroke spacticity and pain disorders. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) is produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacterium and is the most powerful neurotoxin known. But it is also a very useful medication. It is used to treat the symptoms of neuromuscular disorders such as cervical dystonia, cerebral palsy, post-stroke spasticity, and migraine and pain disorders. It is also a key part of the frequently used, minimally invasive cosmetic procedure called ‘BOTOX’. However, the increasing aesthetic use of BoNT-A raises concerns that this may render the substance therapeutically useless or ineffective.
Quantum network technology
Authors: Wehner Stephanie
Published: July 2023

Quantum network technology

Prof Dr Stephanie Wehner, Director of the European Quantum Internet Alliance, explains how quantum network technology and a quantum internet could revolutionise communication and connectivity. The internet, an intricate network connecting devices across the globe with classical communication, has profoundly shaped our world. We now stand on the brink of a new type of internet. Imagine an evolution of the internet, one that intertwines the principles of quantum mechanics with our existing digital technology. This is the vision of a quantum internet - an innovation that promises to redefine our understanding of communication and connectivity. Working in tandem with our traditional ‘classical’ internet, a quantum internet would connect quantum devices globally. Such a network would unlock capabilities that are fundamentally unattainable through classical communication alone. Take, for instance, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a striking application of quantum communication. QKD allows two distant nodes to create an encryption key guarded by the immutable principles of quantum mechanics.
Innovative dynamic molding to reduce development costs of personalized medicine
Authors: Barthès Julien
Published: July 2023

Innovative dynamic molding to reduce development costs of personalized medicine

Dr Julien Barthès, Dr Edwin-Joffrey Courtial, and Dr Christophe Marquette of 3Deus Dynamics SAS have raised €2.5 million for the industrialization of its 3D process, to expand internationally and revolutionize personalized medicine with Dynamic Molding. This grant will allow the start-up to deploy its process by setting up a first production line dedicated to the manufacture of customized silicone medical devices. This funding will help the healthcare sector with its mass customization needs thanks to the manufacturing of patient-specific medical devices in silicone with total freedom of design without chemical reformulation or support structure, excellent mechanical fidelity and durability. These Dynamic Molds are exceptionally flexible, allowing them to mimic the mechanics and morphology of native tissue, they arealso waterproof, suturable and perfusable and compatible with the use of medical imaging. They are a responsible alternative to the use of cadavers or animals and allow a return of touch to a specific pathology.
The emergence of precision medicine for oncology
Authors: Hays Priya
Published: July 2023

The emergence of precision medicine for oncology

Dr Priya Hays, PhD, considers how the rapid development of precision medicine for oncology has impacted diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes in cancer care. Personalised medicine, also referred to as precision medicine, had its early conceptual foundations in the Human Genome Project, the multi-institutional effort to sequence the entire base pair sequences of the human genome, or DNA sequences in the cell. The sequencing revealed variations between individuals in their DNA sequences. This variation, or what came to be known as genomic variation, could be mobilised to differentiate diagnosis and treatment between individual genomes. Targeted therapies - small molecule inhibitors designed to attack cancer cells exclusively by affecting signalling pathways - were developed as viable treatment options defined by the personalised medicine pathway.
E-Learning platform for dementia caregivers
Authors: Kwok Timothy , Ho Florence , Wong Bel , Cheng Tobi
Published: July 2023

E-Learning platform for dementia caregivers

Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing is developing a multimedia e-learning platform for dementia caregivers; here, they share the vast benefits. Taking care of a loved one who has dementia is a challenging task for family members. According to an opinion survey conducted by Jockey Club Centre for Positive Ageing (JCCPA), almost 90% of caregivers reported experiencing stress while caring for a family member with dementia, with about half of them experiencing frequent episodes of stress.(1) Data indicates that family members who assume the primary role of caring for individuals with dementia experience a significant burden of caregiving. On average, caregivers devote between five and 20 hours per day to caring for these individuals.(2) Extended caregiving hours can reduce the time available for rest and social engagement, leading to feelings of loneliness and social isolation.(3) It is common for caregivers to experience high levels of depression.(4)
Divorce and Cancer
Authors: Hassan Bassam Abdul Rasool , Mohammed Ali Haider
Published: July 2023

The potential influence of cancer on marital status may be distinctive owing to the intricate lifestyle and social modifications that arise throughout the course of life. Marriage can offer substantial social and emotional backing to individuals with cancer, in addition to furnishing crucial resources during therapy and convalescence via a partner’s earnings and medical insurance benefits. However, the institution of marriage may exhibit reduced resilience towards the various stressors associated with cancer treatment and recovery, while simultaneously encountering additional challenges such as the presence of young children or decreased job stability. The emotional and financial burdens associated with cancer may have a significant impact on the marital relationships of cancer survivors, potentially resulting in divorce.
The Study of Hokkien with a Comparison of the Current Hokkien Situation in Taiwan and the Philippines
Authors: Chen Zixin
Published: July 2023

This study draws on the history of Hokkien and introduces the spreading of Hokkien worldwide. The current situation of Hokkien educational delivery at the family level, school level, and government level in Taiwan and the Philippines is stated. Comparing education service delivery in Taiwan and the Philippines, the author gives recommendations on the preservation of Hokkien in Taiwan on the three levels mentioned above.