bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Replacement therapy in pregnant women with von Willebrand disease during delivery: Factor levels and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Al Arashi Wala , Cloesmeijer Michael E. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Duvekot Johannes J. , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. , Mathôt Ron A. A. , Cnossen Marjon H. ,   the OPTI‐CLOT/To WiN study group and SYMPHONY consortium
Published: January 2025

Limited data are available on VWF activity (VWF:Act) and factor VIII (FVIII:C) levels during delivery after VWF/FVIII concentrate administration in women with von Willebrand disease (VWD). We aimed to evaluate treatment with a specific VWF/FVIII concentrate on factor levels in women with VWD during delivery and the postpartum period. A retrospective single‐center study was conducted between January 1, 2008, and August 1, 2022. Pregnant women treated with Haemate®P during delivery were included if they had ≥2 consecutive VWF:Act and FVIII:C measurements post‐infusion. VWF:Act/FVIII:C levels were compared to predefined target levels. A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model was developed, estimating VWF and FVIII pharmacokinetics after Haemate®P administration. Nineteen women were included. Targeted VWF:Act/FVIII:C peak levels were achieved after the first infusion (≥1.00 IU/mL, n = 12; ≥1.50 IU/mL, n = 5), and all VWF:Act/FVIII:C trough levels remained ≥0.50 IU/mL during first 72 h of treatment. All women had pretreatment FVIII:C levels ≥1.00 IU/mL, except one woman with type 2N, which was significantly higher than FVIII:C levels during the third trimester (median increase: 0.42 IU/mL, interquartile range: [0.12–0.92]). FVIII:C trough levels increased during treatment, median 2.05 IU/mL [1.65–2.71]. Nine women (47%) experienced postpartum hemorrhage and no thrombosis occurred. A one‐compartment PopPK model adequately described VWF:Act/FVIII:C levels. Targeted VWF:Act/FVIII:C peak levels were achieved with the prescribed dosing regimens. VWF clearance was similar to that in nonpregnant individuals. Both pretreatment and FVIIIC trough levels during treatment were high with reduced FVIII clearance. Monitoring VWF:Act/FVIII:C levels is recommended for optimizing target levels and enriching the current PopPK model, improving VWF:Act/FVIII:C level predictions, and achieving more effective dosing.
Dietary supplementation with milk‐derived Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis relieves colitis‐linked reproductive disorders via gut‐testis axis
Authors: Lin Jingmin , Yin Lingzi , Fan Yueyao , Yu Zhiling , Ma Xin , Fu Xiuqiong , Zhang Yong , Tang Shaojun , Chen Jiali
Published: January 2025

Rapid urbanization, medication, and modern dietary patterns are the main challenges leading to impaired fertility, with a lack of effective therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that reproductive disorders may be closely associated with intestinal damage or occasionally worsen by the side effects of medications. Therefore, the development of dietary supplements as alternatives is crucial for intestinal‐linked reproductive health. Milk and dairy products are essential in dietary nutrition with great potential functional ingredients. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis NJ241 (NJ241), a promising probiotic isolated from naturally fermented bovine milk, remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of NJ241 on colitis and its associated reproductive disorders. The biomarker microbes and their correlated metabolites were further explored by 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics. Hematological analysis and histopathological examination were applied for conjoined identification. Results indicated that NJ241 effectively restored the expression levels of Claudin‐2 and MLCK1, reducing intestinal permeability. Multi‐omics results further revealed that NJ241 may effectively improve gut barrier integrity by increasing the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and its metabolite trans‐ferulic acid. This effect was accompanied by a reduction in the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 in both serum and testicular tissue, mediated through the TLR4 signaling pathway. Consequently, the restoration of microbiota homeostasis and a systemic reduction in inflammation rescued testicular spermatogenesis, which was impaired by colitis. The current findings consistently elucidated the potential molecular mechanism by which NJ241 ameliorates colitis‐linked reproductive disorders through the gut‐testis axis. Additionally, NJ241 demonstrates promise as a probiotic supplement for the development of fortified dairy products and provides strong evidence for the potential reproductive health benefits of naturally fermented bovine milk.
The Role of Implant Coronal Surface Properties on Early Adhesion of Streptococcus Oralis—An In Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Wang Xuesong , Liddell Robert S. , Wen Hai Bo , Davies John E. , Ajami Elnaz
Published: January 2025

Dental implant coronal surfaces designed with the primary goal of maintaining crestal bone levels may also promote bacterial adhesion, leading to soft tissue inflammation and peri‐implant bone loss. Achieving an optimal surface roughness that minimizes bacterial adhesion while preserving crestal bone is crucial. It is hypothesized that a specific threshold surface roughness value may exist below which, and above which, initial bacterial adhesion does not statistically change. This study evaluated 12 commercially available and 2 custom‐designed implant surfaces for their physicochemical properties and initial bacterial adhesion, as represented by Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) the dominant initial colonizer of the successive waves of bacterial consortia that result in plaque and biofilm formation. Implants were immersed in a S. oralis suspension for 4 h, after which microbial viability was assessed. Marked differences were observed in surface roughness, chemical composition, and wettability, and S. oralis adhesion. Surfaces with Sa > 1 μm had significantly more adherent bacteria after 4 h compared to those with Sa < 1 μm, despite complexity. Adding nanotopography to dual‐acid etched surfaces further reduced bacterial adhesion compared to surfaces without these features. The role of chemical composition and wettability was less influential than roughness. In conclusion, there is a cut‐off threshold roughness around Sa = 1 μm, above which the adhesion of bacteria increases significantly to a plateau level; while below which, bacterial adhesion is equivalent to a machined surface despite the surface texture of the implant collar.
A Closer Look at the FeS Heme Bonds in Azotobacter vinelandii Bacterioferritin: QM/MM and Local Mode Analysis
Authors: Freindorf Marek , Kraka Elfi
Published: January 2025

Using the QM/MM methodology and a local mode analysis, we investigated a character and a strength of FeS bonds of heme groups in oxidized and reduced forms of Bacterioferritin from Azotobacter vinelandii. The strength of the FeS bonds was correlated with a bond length, an energy density at a bond critical point, and a charge difference of the F and S atoms. Changing the oxidation state from ferrous to ferric generally makes the FeS bonds weaker, longer, more covalent, and more polar. We also investigated the SFeS bond bending and found that the stronger FeS bond, generally makes the SFeS bond bending stiffer, which could play a key role in the balance between ferric and ferrous oxidation states and related biological activities.
High satisfaction and low conversion rate to total hip arthroplasty after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and risk factors affecting survival at long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Uzun Erdal , Ferrer Josep , Lizano Xavi , Cabello Joan , Gürsu Sarper , Pons Marc Tey
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Studies evaluating the long‐term survival rate, patient satisfaction, and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate satisfaction and hip survival at a minimum 10‐year follow‐up in patients following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).

Methods

A total of 164 patients underwent hip arthroscopy for FAIS between 2007 and 2012; of these, 76 (49 men and 27 women; mean age, 40.7 ± 11.2 years; range, 15–69 years) patients could be clinically examined or reached by phone or email and included in the study. Prospectively collected data of these patients who followed for a minimum of 10 years were retrospectively analysed. Patients who had previous trauma or surgery on the hip or were younger than 15 years were excluded. Of the 76 patients, 37 (48.7%) had mixed type, where 29 (38.2%) had cam and 10 (13.2%) had pincer type FAIS. Patient demographics, Tonnis grade for osteoarthritis and intraoperative findings were reviewed. Outcome measures of interest included reoperations (re‐arthroscopy, conversion to THA), patient satisfaction, ability to return to sports, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and some possible factors associated with conversion to THA.

Results

The mean follow‐up was 12.4 ± 1.8 (10–16 years). Twenty‐one per cent required conversion to THA, with a mean time requiring THA of 4.8 ± 1.7 years (2–8 years). Mean age of the patients requiring THA was 47.8 ± 8.2 years. Two (2.6%) patients required re‐arthroscopy. Fifty‐eight (76.3%) patients did not undergo any revision surgery or other treatments. Forty‐seven (61.8%) patients were completely satisfied with the results, where 5 (6.6%) patients were very satisfied and 4 (5.3%) patients were satisfied. Overall satisfaction rate was 73.7%. Mean postoperative mHHS score was 76.5 ± 15.5 and the mean WOMAC score was 84.0 ± 16.0. Return‐to‐sports rate was 85%, and the return to the old sport level was 67.1%. Age over 40 years (p = 0.004), a Tonnis Grade >1 (p < 0.001) and a full‐thickness acetabular chondral lesion (p = 0.001) were identified as factors for failure and conversion to THA.

Conclusions

Hip arthroscopy for FAIS resulted in high satisfaction of patients who did not eventually require THA. Higher rates of conversion to THA were seen in older patients, patients treated with higher Tonnis grade and full‐thickness acetabular chondral lesions.

Level of Evidence

IV, Case Series.
Sport‐specific differences in ACL injury, treatment and return to sports: Basketball
Authors: Kocaoglu Baris , Yozgatli Tahir Koray , Tischer Thomas , Calleja‐Gonzalez Julio , Cuzzolin Francesco , Bedi Asheesh , Seil Romain
Published: January 2025

Basketball is an intense, fast‐paced game that is physically, highly demanding. Certain aspects of the game, such as the quick pivoting and cutting movements, predispose the players to serious knee injuries, including anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. While an ACL tear can be a devastating condition for players, multidisciplinary management of the injury can provide the players with a reasonable chance to return to play at the pre‐injury level. This article aims to review the general principles and guidelines for the management of ACL injury in basketball players. The diagnosis, surgical treatment, rehabilitation and return to sports are discussed from European and North American perspectives. With a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to this condition, medical professionals can provide injured basketball players with a favourable prognosis for returning to play at the pre‐injury level. To return to normal life and basketball after ACL reconstruction, the proposed approach includes (1) the selection of the appropriate surgical graft and technique, (2) maintaining a healthy and persistent mental state during rehabilitation, and (3) following a scientific rehabilitation programme based on personalized recovery.

Level of Evidence

Level V.
Vegetation Resilience Evaluation of Coal Waste Dumps After Reclamation in Arid and Semi‐Arid Mining Areas Based on Temporal Satellite Imagery
Authors: Zhang Lifan , Zhao Yanling , Ren He , Xiao Wu , Li Zhibin
Published: January 2025

Open‐pit mine waste dumps often exhibit unstable ecological recovery due to the limitations of artificial reconstruction process, despite undergoing land reclamation efforts. Especially in arid and semi‐arid mining regions, where harsh climatic conditions and drought events often occur, exacerbating the vulnerability of vegetation to degradation and hinder restoration efforts. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct continuous monitoring to ensure the stability of vegetation restoration and succession of coal waste dumps after reclamation. This study employed Landsat time series imagery combined with BFAST change detection algorithm to evaluate the vegetation resilience of two reclaimed coal waste dumps, the North coal waste dump (NCWD) and the South coal waste dump (SCWD), in a typical arid and semi‐arid mining area in China, focusing on both resistance and recovery rate. The results viewed that all pixels across both dumps experienced 2–5 breakpoints from 2013 to 2021. Compared to the NCWD, the SCWD exhibited fewer breakpoints overall. 86.11% and 93.31% of pixels in NCWD and SCWD, respectively, can be effectively recovered after a long‐term drought. However, the recovery rate was generally low, primarily concentrated in 0–0.002, highlighting the negative impact of extreme drought events on vegetation restoration. Vegetation resilience exhibited a distinct spatial distribution influenced by terrain characteristics. Generally, steeper slope, higher elevation, and windward direction (N‐W) were associated with lower vegetation resistance. Besides, vegetation status before severe drought significantly influenced the vegetation resilience. The NDVI before drought events were positively correlated to the recovery rate of NCWD (r = 0.318, p < 0.01) and SCWD (r = 0.301, p < 0.01), respectively. It was also observed the positive effect of artificial management on vegetation resilience of coal waste dumps, as shown by the superiority of SCWD to NCWD in terms of resistance and recovery rate. Our research provided valuable reference for land reclamation and post‐reclamation management measure of coal waste dumps in arid and semi‐arid mining areas.
Fluid dynamics of dinoflagellate feeding and swimming
Authors: Schuech Rudi , Nielsen Lasse Tor , Humphries Stuart , Smith Dave , Kiørboe Thomas
Published: January 2025

Flagella are crucial to the interactions of unicellular organisms with their surrounding aquatic environment. One ecologically important group of flagellates, the dinoflagellates, has a unique flagellar arrangement consisting of a trailing and a transversal flagellum. The latter is recessed within a groove around the cell and drives a hair‐bearing membrane that undulates with a helical beat. Dinoflagellates are further unique by having clearance rates that are an order of magnitude higher than those of other similarly sized phagotrophic flagellates, overlapping in size and swimming speed with ciliates. Here, using flow visualization and computational fluid dynamics, we show how this arrangement of just two flagella propels these large cells at high speeds and allows very high clearance rates. We find that the transverse flagellum provides most of the forward thrust, whereas the trailing flagellum is mainly for steering. The flagellar hairs and the sheet‐like structure of the transverse flagellum allow dinoflagellates to exert strong propulsive forces at high efficiency without extending a long flagellum far into the surrounding fluid. The unique flagellar arrangement of dinoflagellates may therefore be key to their evolutionary success.
Development of Antibacterial Hydrogels Based on Biopolymer Aloe Vera/Gelatin/Sodium Alginate Composited With SM‐AgNPs Loaded Curcumin‐Nanoliposomes
Authors: Saenchoopa Apichart , Plaeyao Kittiya , Talodthaisong Chanon , Thet Tun Wonn Shweyi , Nasomjai Pitak , Lapmanee Sarawut , Somsakeesit La‐or , Hutchison James A. , Kulchat Sirinan
Published: January 2025

To address the rising prevalence of bacterial infections and the need for innovative therapeutic solutions, this study has developed a novel antibacterial hydrogel composite composed of Aloe vera, gelatin, sodium alginate, and Sterculia monosperma‐silver nanoparticles (SM‐AgNPs) loaded curcumin‐nanoliposomes (NLPs). The aloe vera/gelatin/sodium alginate hydrogels (AGS) are prepared using different weight ratios of Aloe vera, gelatin, and sodium alginate, aiming to optimize mechanical properties and biocompatibility for biomedical applications. The incorporation of SM‐AgNPs and curcumin‐loaded NLPs enhanced the hydrogels' antibacterial properties. Characterizations of the hydrogels are performed by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Additional examinations, such as water absorption analysis, rheology measurements, thermal stability, and injectability, along with pH and temperature responsiveness, are also conducted. The AGS‐3 hydrogel formulation, with a 1:5:3 ratio of Aloe vera to gelatin to sodium alginate, exhibited significant performance in all tests, making it suitable for further experiments. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity assays showed that AGS hydrogels containing SM‐AgNPs/NLP composites effectively inhibited the growth of both gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and gram‐negative Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria. These results indicate that the SM‐AgNPs/NLP‐AGS hydrogel is a promising material for biomedical applications including wound healing, infection prevention, and targeted drug delivery.
Design Optimization of Pressurized Gyration Technology: Orifice Height Level Effects on Production Rate and Fiber Morphology
Authors: Alneyadi Ahmed , Delbusso Angelo , Harker Anthony , Edirisinghe Mohan
Published: January 2025

Electrospinning and pressurized gyration are two widely adopted methods for polymeric fiber production, valued for their simplicity, versatility, and relatively low environmental impact. Despite its advantages, electrospinning has notable limitations, including low production efficiency and significant safety concerns. Pressurized gyration, however, offers greater productivity and a safer, more sustainable process, making it an excellent candidate for industrial scaling. To fully realize this potential, optimizing the pressurized gyration process is essential for enhancing efficiency and achieving sustainable large‐scale fiber production. In this study, the effects of vessel orifice height on the production rate and fiber morphology in pressurized gyration are explored. A series of experiments is conducted using a 15 wt.% polycaprolactone (PCL) solution, with vessels of identical diameter but differing orifice heights 7.5, 15, and 22.5 mm tested under pressures of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 MPa, all at a constant rotational speed of 13 000 rpm. The 7.5 mm orifice height demonstrates the highest production rate under pressure while increasing orifice height led to finer fiber diameters, better alignment, and smaller beads. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing vessel design, along with process and solution parameters, for scaling up pressurized gyration fiber manufacturing to meet industrial demands.
Preparation of CuO/Al2O3 and NiO Loaded Form‐Stabilized Composite Phase Change Materials with Improved Thermal Properties and Comparison of their Thermal Energy Storage Characteristics
Authors: KÜÇÜKER Beyza Nur , MERT Hatice Hande
Published: January 2025

Alumina supported copper oxide (CuO/Al2O3) and Nickel Oxide (NiO) loaded polymer composite matrices supported n‐hexadecane (HD) based composite phase change materials (PCMs) are prepared and characterized. The polymer composites assigned as supporting matrices for shape‐stabilization of PCM are synthesized by emulsion‐templating approach, and the composite PCMs are prepared by impregnation of HD into polymer composite matrices. The effect of CuO/Al2O3 and NiO particles of different sizes used as heat transfer promoters in the supporting matrices, on the morphological properties, thermal stabilities, and latent heat storage characteristics (LHS) of the composite PCMs are evaluated using different characterization methods. The melting temperature of the obtained composite PCMs is found to be ≈18 °C and the latent heat of melting values varied in the range of 95.0−114.5 J g−1. The heat transfer properties of the composite PCMs are investigated by performing a T‐History test for obtaining heat storage and release curves. The composite PCMs with NiO loaded supporting matrices are exhibited higher thermal stability and heat storage capacity in addition to enhanced thermal conduction properties than the CuO/Al2O3 included composite PCMs. According to the results, it is revealed that shape‐stabilized, thermally enhanced composite PCMs are remarkable energy storage materials with the potential for use in low‐temperature thermal energy storage systems.
Impulse Control Disorders and Effort‐Based Decision‐Making in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Amstutz Deborah , Petermann Katrin , Sousa Mario , Debove Ines , Maradan‐Gachet Marie Elise , Bruhin Lena C. , Magalhães Andreia D. , Tinkhauser Gerd , Diamantaras Andreas , Waskönig Julia , Lachenmayer Lenard Martin , Pollo Claudio , Cazzoli Dario , Nef Tobias , Husain Masud , Krack Paul
Published: January 2025

Background

Impulse control disorders (ICD) are common side effects of dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD). Whereas some studies show a reduction in ICD after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS), others report worsening of ICD or impulsivity.

Objective

The aim was to study ICD in the context of STN‐DBS using an objective measure of decision‐making.

Methods

Ten PD patients performed an effort‐based decision‐making task alongside neuropsychiatric and cognitive evaluation before and 4 months after STN‐DBS. Further, 33 PD patients underwent the same experimental procedures just once after an average 40 months of chronic STN‐DBS. Participants were examined preoperatively in the medication on state and postoperatively in the medication on/stimulation ON state. Mixed linear models were used to assess the impact of ICD and STN‐DBS on acceptance rate and decision time in the task while controlling for motor symptom burden, cognitive measures, and dopaminergic medication.

Results

Results revealed an increased willingness to exert high levels of effort in return for reward in patients with ICD, but acceptance rate was not modulated by chronic STN‐DBS. Further, ICD, cognitive processing speed, and STN‐DBS were all identified as positive predictors for faster decision speed. ICD scores showed a tendency to improve 4 months after STN‐DBS, without an increase in apathy scores.

Conclusions

Chronic STN‐DBS and ICD facilitate effort‐based decision‐making by speeding up judgment. Furthermore, ICD enhances the willingness to exert high levels of effort for reward. Both STN‐DBS and dopaminergic medication impact motivated behavior and should be titrated carefully to balance neuropsychiatric symptoms.
A Low‐Cost 4x4 Butler Matrix‐Fed Patch Antenna Array for Millimeter Wave Applications
Authors: Lin Chang‐Keng , Lin Ding‐Bing , Chang Mon‐Li
Published: January 2025

A low‐cost, low‐profile, high‐performance antenna array based on a 4×4 series‐fed patch with elliptical slots is presented in this article for fifth‐generation millimeter‐wave communications (5G mmWave). The antenna array can be manufactured easily on a two‐layer printed circuit board because of its simple design and lack of complex structures. It is designed for the Ka‐band (n257 band) with an impedance bandwidth of 3.1 GHz, covering the range from 26.1 GHz to 29.2 GHz. There is a fractional bandwidth of about 11.2%, several times greater than the fractional bandwidth of a series‐fed antenna. Within the impedance bandwidth, the radiation gain exceeds 11 dBi, with a maximum gain of 18.25 dBi. The radiation efficiency reaches an impressive 94% and the aperture efficiency reaches 44.6%. The isolation between the four excitation ports is less than −30 dB. Additionally, the 70% impedance bandwidth features right‐hand elliptical polarization with a 3:1 axial ratio. It also has an excellent beam steering range (theta angle: ). The following section will provide a detailed description of the antenna array and an analysis of the resonance frequencies. Further, the array antenna is combined with the Butler matrix network to form a beamforming function. Finally, the measured results agree well with the simulation results. This low‐cost, low‐profile, high‐performance antenna array will promote the popularization of 5G mmWave communications, which will be widely used worldwide.
Variational Phase‐Field Fracture Approach in Reactive Porous Media
Authors: Mollaali Mostafa , Yoshioka Keita , Lu Renchao , Montoya Vanessa , Vilarrasa Victor , Kolditz Olaf
Published: January 2025

We present a comprehensive model to simulate fracture nucleation and propagation in porous media, incorporating chemical reactions. This model integrates three main processes: fluid flow in porous media, reactive transport, and the mechanical deformation of fractured porous media using a variational phase‐field approach. To account for chemical reactions, we use the geochemical package PHREEQC, coupled with a finite‐element transport solver (OpenGeoSys), to model reactions in both thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetically, considering changes in porosity. To represent chemical damage, we introduce a variable that ranges from intact material to fully damaged material. This variable accounts for changes in porosity as a result of chemical reactions, separate from the mechanical damage represented by the phase‐field variable. We test our model through various examples to showcase its ability to capture fracture nucleation and propagation driven by chemical reactions. Our model is implemented within the open‐source finite element framework OpenGeoSys.
Finite Strain Analysis With the Dual Mesh Control Domain Method
Authors: Areias P. , Srinivasa A. R. , Moleiro F. , Reddy J. N.
Published: January 2025

The Dual Mesh Control Domain Method (DMCDM), developed by Reddy (J.N. Reddy. “A dual mesh finite domain method for the numerical solution of differential equations.” Int J Comput Methods Eng Sci, 20(3):212–228, 2019), is an alternative to the classical weak‐form Galerkin finite element method. An advantage of DMCDM is that it combines the interpolation capabilities of the finite element method with the direct use of an integral form of the balance laws. Furthermore, it is easily extensible to mixed formulations, resulting in simpler than traditional finite element formulations. In this work, we extend DMCDM to the fully finite strain case with plasticity. We introduce a new discretization algorithm for finite strain problems, which includes a mean‐dilatation technique to solve the volumetric locking problem. Assessment is supported by five linear and five finite strain benchmark problems, one of them being 3D. Finite strain solutions were found to be stable, exempt from hourglassing, and also locking‐free. Results are found to be competitive with classical F‐bar and B‐bar elements, with a simpler formulation.
Population Using Tobacco for Pain Relief: A Preliminary Cross‐Sectional Study in Japan
Authors: Yamada Keiko , Chiba Satoko , Iseki Masako , Tabuchi Takahiro
Published: January 2025

Background

There is a complex relationship between tobacco use and pain. Nicotine provides temporary pain relief but increases the risk of chronic pain. This study aimed to investigate use of tobacco for pain relief and its association with demographic and medical characteristics in Japan.

Methods

We used a web‐based survey to recruit 2000 individuals aged 20–69 who had experienced pain in the previous month. They answered questions on demographics, smoking status, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and medical information. Smokers were asked if they smoked tobacco to relieve pain. Those who responded “strongly agree” or “agree” were labeled as using tobacco for pain relief. We used analysis of covariance to test the associations among smokers' background characteristics by whether they used tobacco for pain relief.

Results

Overall, 6.6% of smokers with pain (3.5% with acute or subacute pain and 8.8% with chronic pain) used tobacco for pain relief. These individuals were generally younger, more likely to be treated for schizophrenia and use analgesics, with higher pain severity, more catastrophic thinking about pain, and a centralized symptom. However, they were less likely to engage in regular exercise.

Conclusions

Overall, 6.6% of smokers (3.5% with acute or subacute pain and 8.8% with chronic pain) used tobacco to relieve their pain, even though most of them also received medical treatment and used pain medication. Healthcare providers and policy makers should account for this population of smokers in their planning.
Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Stapedotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Albazee Ebraheem , Alajmi Hamad , Aldoukhi Ali , Alali Abeer Waleed
Published: January 2025

Objective

To compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic versus microscopic stapedotomy in patients with otosclerosis.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CENTRAL.

Review Methods

Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed for bias using Cochrane's instrument. The specific outcomes included the mean duration of surgery, the mean gain in air‐bone gap (ABG), and the rates of chorda tympani nerve (CTN) injury, CTN manipulation, facial nerve (FN) injury, tympanic membrane (TM) perforation, dysgeusia, dizziness, and pain score. Continuous data were analyzed using mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD), and dichotomous data with risk ratio (RR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Eleven RCTs with 515 patients were analyzed. There was no significant difference between both groups in the mean duration of surgery (MD = −10.42, 95% CI [−26.26, 5.43]), mean gain in ABG (MD = 1.04, 95% CI [−0.48, 2.57]), CTN injury (RR = 0.46, 95% CI [0.20, 1.04]), FN injury (RR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.11, 9.27]), TM perforation (RR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.23, 4.25]), and dizziness (RR = 0.79, 95% CI [0.41, 1.53]). However, endoscopic stapedotomy significantly reduced the need for CTN manipulation (RR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.35, 0.96]), dysgeusia (RR = 0.33, 95% CI [0.19, 0.57]), and pain score (SMD = −1.59, 95% CI [−2.22, −0.97]).

Conclusion

Endoscopic stapedotomy significantly reduces dysgeusia, CTN manipulation, and pain compared to microscopic stapedotomy, with similar surgery durations, audiometric gains, and comparable risks of CTN injury, TM perforation, FN injury, and dizziness.
Discovery of novel sulfonamide derivatives containing pinacolone moieties as fungicide candidates against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Chaojie , An Ni , Qi Zhiqiu , Bin Huaiyu , Wu Xilun , Liu He , Wu Yuanhua , Li Xinghai
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Botrytis cinerea is one of the most serious plant diseases and severely threatens agricultural production. The rapidly intensifying resistance makes most commercial chemical fungicides lose control efficacy. Developing new fungicides with novel structures and modes of action is an effective measure to solve this problem.

RESULTS

In this work, 29 novel sulfonamide compounds containing pinacolone scaffolds were designed and synthesized based on the active substructure splicing strategy. The biological activity assay on three kinds of Botrytis cinerea strains manifested that these compounds exhibit moderate to excellent antifungal activity. Compounds 3a‐1 and 3a‐11 displayed the highest in vitro antifungal activity similar to control agents carbendazim, procymidone, and boscalid. Compound 3c had the lowest EC50 value of 1.96 μg/mL against strain PJ‐02 compared to boscalid (6.90 μg/mL). Bioassay results on strawberry fruits and tomato pots indicated that compounds 3a‐1 and 3a‐11 also possess superb in vivo antifungal activity compared to control agents. The electronic conductivity measurement results showed that compound 3a‐1 can significantly increase the membrane permeability of Botrytis cinerea mycelium. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that compound 3a‐1 could cause the Botrytis cinerea mycelium to twist and break, and inhibit mycelium branching. Density functional theory calculation and molecular electrostatic potential distribution were also used to analyze the activity mechanism of target compounds.

CONCLUSION

Due to their excellent antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, these novel sulfonamide derivatives containing pinacolone scaffolds could be considered qualified fungicide candidates. Preliminary exploration of the mechanism suggests that this kind of compound may possess a novel mode of action. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Entrainment and detrainment statistics of a stationary shallow cumulus cloud
Authors: Huang Jingzi , Burridge Henry C. , de Roode Stephan R. , van Reeuwijk Maarten
Published: January 2025

A fully resolved shallow cumulus cloud simulation (albeit at a lower Reynolds number than in the atmosphere) is performed in a quiescent environment to investigate instantaneous entrainment and detrainment. Despite constant boundary conditions and environment, the cloud displays cyclic puff‐like behaviour, indicating that puffs are an intrinsic feature of the system not linked to thermals in the sub‐cloud region. The cloud dynamics are examined via both Reynolds‐averaged statistics and conditionally averaged statistics. The Reynolds‐averaged statistics reveal that the majority of entrainment occurs over the upper part of cloud and that the cloud creates an intrusion at about its half height (about 1,000 m) through which it detrains. Using a novel technique that enables direct evaluation of instantaneous entrainment and detrainment fluxes, we examine instantaneous entrainment and detrainment at two interfaces: (1) the cloud boundary, which separates the cloud from the environment; and (2) the updraught boundary, which separates the rising flow (updraught) from the descending flow (subsiding shell). The data show that the entrainment and detrainment rates are a factor of 2 larger than those estimated from the bulk assumption, consistent with other studies. Furthermore, entrainment is strongly correlated to the rising puffs, as evidenced by conditioning the statistics on the instantaneous buoyancy.
The Disturbed Fault Diagnosis for Discrete‐Time Euler–Lagrange System With Multi‐Sensors Based on χ2$$ {\chi}^2 $$‐Detection
Authors: Dong Qian , Tong Tianchi , Yuan Wenying , Sun Jinsheng
Published: January 2025

This article investigates the sensor fault diagnosis problem of the discrete‐time Euler–Lagrange (EL) system with multi‐sensors. Firstly, the discrete‐time EL system is converted into a second‐order non‐linear discrete‐time system using the famous Dragon Gekuta method. Secondly, the proposed strategy leverages the multi‐sensors data fusion framework, employing multiple local unscented Kalman filters for state estimation. Moreover, the convergence of the local estimation is analyzed such that the local estimation errors are stable in faults‐free case. Thirdly, considering the sensor fault in the presence of process and measurement noises, the residual signal based on the local estimation error is designed to detect and isolate faults. The fault detection and isolation logic is conducted using detection, where the threshold is determined through the cumulative distribution function of distribution. Finally, a single‐link robot is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis based on the multi‐sensors data fusion.
Event‐Triggered Integral Reinforcement Learning Control Based on Recursive Terminal Sliding Mode
Authors: Jia Chao , Li Yashuai , Wang Hongkun , Song Zijian
Published: January 2025

For a class of continuous‐time non‐linear systems with saturated input and unknown non‐linear disturbance, a novel event‐triggered integral reinforcement learning (IRL) control strategy based on recursive terminal sliding mode (RTSM) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a novel performance index function is designed based on RTSM and a two‐player zero‐sum game, and the robust control problem with saturated input and unknown disturbance can be transformed into an optimal control problem. To avoid the requirement of drift dynamics, the IRL technique is introduced. Secondly, a critic neural network is used to approximate the optimal value function, which not only simplifies algorithm implementation structure, but also relaxes initial admissible control in the learning of neural network weights. Then, considering the event‐triggered mechanism, the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system and the uniformly ultimately boundedness of weight estimation errors are proved by utilizing the Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Development and Testing of Row‐Controlled Weeding Intelligent Robot for Corn
Authors: Zhang Ya‐wei , Liu Meng‐nan , Chen Du , Xu Xiu‐ming , Lu Jinbo , Lai Han‐rong , Wen Changkai , Yin Yan‐xin
Published: January 2025

Corn row‐controlled weeding is a critical crop field management aspect. Corn row‐controlled weeding robots suffer from large errors in seedling and weed identification algorithms, lack of row weeding actuators in dry fields, and low integration of automated devices for identification, navigation, and weeding. Therefore, this paper investigates an intelligent robot for row‐controlled weeding, which could realize the integrated automatic operation of seedling and weed identification, row line acquisition, automatic navigation, and row‐controlled weeding. We present a fully integrated, autonomous, and innovative solution for row‐controlled weeding robots to overcome the difficulties of weeding to row. The solution constructs a seedling and weed identification model based on the YOLOv5 model and an improved boundary loss function. It also investigates a real‐time extraction method for corn seedling strips based on region‐of‐interest updates. In addition, we developed an intelligent control device that can realize row‐controlled weeding and depth control, adjusting weed height, depth of entry, and weed spacing. Finally, a fully autonomous weeding robot system was developed and integrated. Field tests showed that the intelligent robot could continuously cruise autonomously for weeding, with a weeding rate higher than 79.8% and a seedling injury rate lower than 7.3%. These efforts have laid a solid foundation for the future commercialization of intelligent weeding robots.
Resourcing Circular Economy Enterprises for Sustainable Development: Determinants of Circular Economy Job Acceptance
Authors: Asamoah Ama Nyarko , Hongbing You , Adu‐Gyamfi Gibbson , Nketiah Emmanuel , Obuobi Bright , Duah Harris Kwaku
Published: January 2025

Transitioning to a circular economy (CE) from the “take–make–dispose” system creates jobs and positions that must be occupied to foster environmental protection and waste minimization. However, research has yet to investigate what motivates the acceptance of these jobs. Consequently, this study explores the factors affecting CE job acceptance to address this gap. With the self‐determination theory as the foundational model, this study explored the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators on CE job acceptance. Four hundred and sixty‐nine responses were analyzed using a partial least‐squares structural equation model (PLS‐SEM). Analysis evidenced that green values, self‐congruity, and financial benefits positively influenced CE job acceptance. Social influence impacted attitude negatively but was insignificant toward CE job acceptance. Attitude also mediated the effects of other constructs on acceptance. The study provides key industry actors and decision‐makers with comprehensive policy recommendations, including public sensitization and financial incentives to guarantee the promotion, adoption, and CE job acceptance.
Exploring the Interplay Among Environmental Knowledge, Green Purchase Intention, and Pro‐Environmental Behavior in Greenfluencing Scenarios: The Mediating Effect of Self‐Congruity
Authors: de Silva Marianny Jessica Brito , de Lima Maria Izabel Cordeiro , dos Santos Mayara Dayane , da Silva Santos Anne Karolinne , da Costa Marconi Freitas , Melo Francisco Vicente Sales , de Farias Salomão Alencar
Published: January 2025

This study aims to understand how followers' perceptions of environmental knowledge conveyed by greenfluencers and mediated by real and ideal self‐congruence affects followers' intentions to make environmentally friendly purchases and engage in pro‐environmental behaviors. Employing a quantitative research approach, data were collected from 224 followers of greenfluencers through nonprobabilistic sampling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized for analysis. Contrary to prior assumptions, our findings indicate that ideal self‐congruity does not significantly predict pro‐environmental intentions or behaviors. However, real self‐congruence emerged as a significant mediator, influencing both pro‐environmental behavior and the intention to engage in green consumption. This research contributes to understanding virtual relationships involving greenfluencers by highlighting the importance of real self‐congruence in crafting persuasive content and selecting influencers for effective promotion of green brands. We conclude that the use of greenfluencers can indirectly encourage pro‐environmental actions, promoting sustainability objectives and ecological awareness in society.
Experimental and Mathematical Methods for Monitoring Dicyandiamide as an Inhibitor for Carbon Steel Corrosion in an Acidic Solution
Authors: Al Jahdaly Badreah A.
Published: January 2025

The inhibition effect of dicyandiamide (DCDA) on the carbon steel (CS) corrosion in 0.5  M HCl solution was evaluated using chemical and electrochemical methods. The maximum inhibition efficiency (%IE) and the optimal dose were 95.7% and 0.30 mg/L of DCDA inhibitor, respectively. The temperature effect in the %IE is measured using chemicals by gravimetric loss tests. Potentiodynamic polarization (PD‐P) tests clarified that DCDA is a mixed‐type inhibitor, while EIS tests revealed that the charge transfer resistance (Rct) increased with inhibitor concentration. The mixed (chemical and physical) adsorption mode appears on the CS surface following a Langmuir isotherm. UV–vis spectra revealed the chemical interaction of DCDA with the CS surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) examination revealed the creation of a protective film from DCDA molecules on the metal surface. Correlations between experimental data and theoretical energies derived from DFT analysis were computed using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Additionally, explore the favorite active sites of the DCDA molecule and their interactions with the CS surface.
Inhibitory Mechanisms of β‐Glucuronidase by Hibiscus syriacus Phenolics: Integrating Computational and Experimental Approaches
Authors: Alqhtani Haifa A. , Othman Sarah I. , Alkhayl Faris F. Aba , Altoom Naif G. , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar , Kamel Emadeldin M.
Published: January 2025

Exploring the intricate mechanisms of β‐glucuronidase inhibition is essential to advancing the development of novel therapeutic agents. This study extensively evaluated the inhibitory potential of phenolics from Hibiscus syriacus against β‐glucuronidase using a combination of in vitro and computational approaches. in vitro assays demonstrated that chlorogenic acid and dactylifric acid exhibited significant inhibitory activity, with low IC50 values of 1.32 ± 0.08 and 10.02 ± 1.38 µM, respectively. Enzyme kinetics analyses revealed that dactylifric acid and the positive control, EGCG, followed a mixed inhibition mechanism, while chlorogenic acid displayed competitive inhibition, as indicated by the intersecting lines in the Lineweaver–Burk plots. Docking studies supported these in vitro findings, with chlorogenic acid and dactylifric acid showing the lowest binding affinities, extensive polar interactions, and occupancy of identical binding sites as the reference drug. A 30 ns molecular dynamics simulation was performed to explore the interaction dynamics between isolated phenolic compounds and β‐glucuronidase. Evaluation of multiple MD parameters revealed that chlorogenic acid and dactylifric acid exhibited stable trajectories and substantial energy stabilization in their binding with β‐glucuronidase. These computational findings are consistent with experimental data, supporting chlorogenic acid and dactylifric acid as potential inhibitors of β‐glucuronidase.
Thermal Stability and Electrical Conductivity of Polyvinyl Alcohol Composites Reinforced with Mn2O3–rGO
Authors: Gamal R. , Soliman T. S. , Khalid A.
Published: January 2025

The current work is concerned with the study and examination of the thermal and electrical characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Mn2O3–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite. The Mn2O3–rGO composite was synthesized using a hydrothermal approach technique, and then PVA films were strengthened with varying amounts of Mn2O3–rGO nanoparticles (NP) prepared by the casting method. Raman analysis was applied to polymer films to ensure the complexation between the PVA and Mn2O3–rGO. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and electrical analysis are used to investigate the effect of Mn2O3–rGO NP on the thermal stability and electrical conductivity of the polymer films. The films' thermal stability was raised by increasing the Mn2O3–rGO content in the PVA matrix. The polymer films exhibit an increase in electrical conductivity from 2.023 × 10⁻⁸ S·cm⁻¹ for pure PVA to 1.895 × 10⁻⁵ S·cm⁻¹ for PVA‐1.5% Mn2O3–rGO, which arises from the rise in free charge carrier mobility and hopping ionic hopping. Furthermore, in accordance with the Arrhenius relation, conductivity increases with temperature. The results nominated the present composite in flexible electronic applications.
Thiourea as a Promising Scaffold for Development of Agents Toward TriTryp Diseases
Authors: Souza Alessandra Mendonça Teles , Abrahim‐Vieira Bárbara de A. , Assumpção Paloma Wetler , da Conceição Raissa Alves , Viana Gil Mendes , Bedor Bárbara , Cavalcanti Milena Mota Bastos , da Silva Honorio Thiago , Rodrigues Carlos Rangel , Cabral Lucio Mendes
Published: January 2025

Thiourea has emerged as a versatile scaffold and a promising candidate for developing novel therapeutics against TriTryp diseases. This review explores the medicinal chemistry aspects of thiourea derivatives, highlighting their potential for Chagas Disease, African trypanosomiasis/sleeping sickness, and leishmaniasis. The discussion encompasses general synthetic approaches, physicochemical properties, and updates readers on the diverse structural substitutions on the thiourea scaffold governing potent molecules. The thiourea derivatives reviewed here demonstrated equipotent or superior activities compared to current chemotherapeutic agents. Early preclinical in silico assessments suggest favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and low toxicological potential. However, elucidating the molecular mechanisms and targets of these compounds remains a critical knowledge gap. Expanding the use of in silico tools is proposed as an effective strategy for designing novel antiparasitic drugs. Leveraging existing knowledge on thiourea derivatives holds promise in addressing TriTryp diseases more effectively.