bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity is associated with the sleep quality and quantity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mazloomi Seyadeh Narges , Talebi Sepide , Kazemi Maryam , Ghoreishy Seyed Mojtaba , Moosavian Seyedeh Parisa , Amirian Parsa , Mohammadi Hamed , Nouri-Majd Saeedeh , Marx Wolfgang , Hojjati Kermani Mohammad Ali , Moradi Sajjad
Published: November 2022

Objective:

We evaluated associations between food insecurity (FI) and the quality and quantity of sleep in adults (≥18 years).

Design:

The current study represented a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Setting:

Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception until 6 June 2022. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models, and effect sizes were reported as OR and 95 % CI.

Participants:

Data from ten eligible observational studies, including 83 764 participants, were included.

Results:

FI was associated with an increased risk of poor sleep quality (OR = 1·45; 95 % CI (1·24, 1·70), I2 = 95, P < 0·001, n 7). Besides, subgroup analysis showed increased risk of poor sleep quality corresponding to the severity of FI across mild (OR = 1·31; 95 % CI (1·16, 1·48), I2 = 0 %, P < 0·001, n 5), moderate (OR = 1·49; 95 % CI (1·32, 1·68), I2 = 0 %, P < 0·001, n 5) and severe (OR = 1·89; 95 % CI (1·63, 2·20), I2 = 0 %, P < 0·001, n 5) levels. Similarly, subgroup analysis by sleep problems showed that FI was associated with an increased the risk of trouble falling asleep (OR = 1·39; 95 % CI (1·05, 1·83), I2 = 91 %, P = 0·002, n 3) and trouble staying asleep (OR = 1·91; 95 % CI (1·37, 2·67), I2 = 89 %, P < 0·001, n 3). Moreover, FI was associated with the odds of shorter (OR = 1·14; 95 % CI (1·07, 1·21), I2 = 0 %, P < 0·001, n 4) and longer sleep duration (OR = 1·14; 95 % CI (1·03, 1·26), I2 = 0 %, P = 0·010, n 4).

Conclusions:

Collective evidence supports that FI is associated with poor sleep quality and quantity in adults. Preventative and management strategies that address FI may provide health benefits beyond improving nutritional status per se.
Two sides of the coin: exploring the duality of corruption in Latin America
Authors: Hugo Ella , Savage David A. , Schneider Friedrich , Torgler Benno
Published: November 2022

The ambiguous phenomenon of corruption has long been the cause of great theoretical debate in economics. By using Structural Equation Modelling, with the two types of corruption as a latent variable, this paper employs causal and indicative variables to the Latin American region to test for rent seeking and systemic corruption during 1980–2018. The findings provide evidence for two types of corruption, one generated by greed, and the other a solution to market failures. Such results support the view that corruption encompasses a complex set of social behaviours that may require a stronger definitional approach.
Kontrazeption bei Mädchen und Frauen mit Behinderungen
Authors: Draths Ruth
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. In der Schweiz leben ca. 1,8 Millionen Personen mit einer Behinderung, im Erwachsenenalter ist jede sechste Person davon betroffen, eine von 20 schwer. Dennoch gibt es wenig Literatur über Sexualität und Kontrazeption bei Behinderung, kaum Fortbildungen und die Assistenten werden meist wenig geschult, die speziellen Situationen und Risiken behinderter Patienten zu erkennen. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt anhand von fünf unterschiedlichen Einzelfällen die komplexen Situationen und verschiedenen Optionen der Kontrazeptionsberatung und geht exemplarisch auf medizinische Indikationen und Kontraindikationen, auf Frage der Hygiene und dem nicht-kontrazeptiven Nutzen hormoneller Therapien, aber auch ethische und rechtliche Fragen ein. Damit soll ein Beitrag zur besseren ärztlichen Versorgung von Frauen mit Beeinträchtigung geleistet werden.
Partizipation von Studierenden mit neurokognitiven Beeinträchtigungen am Beispiel von ADHS und spezifischen Lernstörungen
Authors: Kaufmann Liane , Kucian Karin , von Aster Michael , Weiss Elisabeth M. , Schweiger-Wachsmuth Desiree , Christiansen Hanna
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung: Das Hauptziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist eine kritische Reflexion der Situation von Studierenden mit neurokognitiven Beeinträchtigungen in Hinblick auf deren Partizipation im universitären Setting. Nach einer kurzen Erläuterung der aktuellen universitätsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz werden (i) am Beispiel von Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen und spezifischen Lernstörungen charakteristische Schwierigkeiten von betroffenen Studierenden beim Studium anhand von Fallvignetten dargestellt und (ii) Ziele in Hinblick auf eine gelingende Partizipation und Chancengleichheit für Studierende mit Beeinträchtigungen skizziert. Anhand eines tentativen Rahmenmodells zur Förderung der Partizipation diskutieren wir die Notwendigkeit differenzierter universitätsinterner und -externer struktureller Rahmenbedingungen, die zusätzlich zu den bereits bestehenden – aber nicht ausreichenden – universitätsinternen Maßnahmen wie dem Nachteilsausgleich implementiert werden sollten.
Use of Telepresence Systems to Enhance School Participation in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Illnesses Involving the CNS
Authors: Zillner Clarissa , Turner Agnes , Rockenbauer Gerda , Röhsner Martin , Pletschko Thomas
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Background: Due to hospitalization, medical treatment and/or rehabilitation stays, children and adolescents with diseases of the central nervous system (CNS; e.g. tumors, epilepsies or traumatic brain injuries) often cannot participate in everyday school life to the same extent as their peers. To counteract social isolation and negative consequences (e.g. lack of a sense of belonging, reduced well-being and self-esteem, more frequent class repetitions or low educational attainment) telepresence systems are increasingly being discussed as a way to enable participation for children and adolescents with chronic illnesses. Method: This paper presents different telepresence systems and their advantages and disadvantages, effects of use, and potential difficulties. Conclusion: Telepresence systems offer an innovative and promising perspective to enable patients with CNS-associated diseases to participate in everyday school life.
Vorhofohrverschluss links – eine Alternative zur Dauerantikoagulation bei Vorhofflimmern?
Authors: Scharf Christoph
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Etwa 25% aller ischämischen Insulte werden durch kardiale Embolien bei Vorhofflimmern verursacht. Bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern wird deshalb vor einer Elektrokonversion die orale Antikoagulation eingeleitet oder eine transösophageale Echokardiografie durchgeführt, um Blutgerinnsel im Herzen auszuschliessen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass praktisch alle kardialen Thromben (>90%) im Vorhofohr lokalisiert sind. Deshalb entfernen Chirurginnen und Chirurgen schon seit vielen Jahrzehnten bei offenen Herzoperationen das Vorhofohr, um es als Emboliequelle zu eliminieren. Als minimal-invasive Alternative wurden seit 10–20 Jahren verschiedene Schirme für den perkutanen Verschluss des Vorhofohrs entwickelt. Die Voraussetzungen, Techniken und Resultate sollen im folgenden Artikel besprochen werden.
Pulmonale Verschattungen – was steckt dahinter?
Authors: Thurnheer Robert
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Zusammenfassung: Lungen-Verschattungen gehören zu den häufigsten Befunden, die Allgemeinpraktiker und Internisten im Alltag interpretieren müssen. Konventionelle Thorax-Röntgenbilder haben weiterhin einen hohen Stellenwert, Computertomogramme liefern aber häufig zusätzliche Informationen. Oft helfen Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung, aber auch zusätzlich erhobene Laborparameter bei der Interpretation. Ebenso sollen radiologische Muster erkannt und beschrieben werden. So können die Dichte, die Verteilung in ein- oder beidseitig, basal oder apikal, uni- oder multifokal, die Lokalisation, der Mitbefall des Interstitiums, der Bronchiolen, der Alveolen, der Pleura entscheidende differenzialdiagnostische Hinweise liefern. Raumfordernde oder schrumpfende Prozesse lassen sich am Verlauf von Pleuralinien oder Shift des Mediastinums vermuten. Gelegentlich helfen Kontrollaufnahmen bei der Interpretation der radiologischen Veränderungen.
Zusammenhänge zwischen psychologischer Bedürfnisbefriedigung und emotionaler Erschöpfung sowie Vitalität bei Sportlehrkräften im Vorbereitungsdienst
Authors: Raven Hanna , Hartmann Ulrike , Schäfer Alina , Fischer Britta
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung: Sportlehrkräfte sind mit hohen Arbeitsbelastungen konfrontiert, die insbesondere bei einem Mangel an beruflicher Bedürfnisbefriedigung zu Burnoutsymptomen führen können. Basierend auf dem Job-Demands-Ressource-Modell hat die vorliegende Untersuchung daher zum Ziel, Einflüsse von beruflicher Bedürfnisbefriedigung als Arbeitsplatzressource auf Burnout und das berufliche Engagement bei Sportlehrkräften im Vorbereitungsdienst zu untersuchen. Mittels einer Fragebogenuntersuchung werden Zusammenhänge zwischen beruflicher Bedürfnisbefriedigung und -frustration, emotionaler Erschöpfung und Vitalität an einer Stichprobe von N = 263 angehenden Sportlehrkräften untersucht. Strukturgleichungsmodelle ergaben einerseits einen signifikant negativen Effekt der Befriedigung des Autonomie- sowie des Kompetenzbedürfnisses auf Vitalität als auch einen signifikant positiven Effekt beider Bedürfnisse auf die emotionale Erschöpfung. Zudem zeigt die Frustration dieser Bedürfnisse signifikant negative Effekte auf Vitalität. Die Frustration des Bedürfnisses nach Kompetenz hat einen signifikant positiven Effekt auf emotionale Erschöpfung. Die Befunde werden mit Blick auf praktische Implikationen im Sinne einer Burnoutprävention für angehende Sportlehrkräfte diskutiert.
A Positive Feedback Between Crustal Thickness and Melt Extraction for the Origin of the Martian Dichotomy
Authors: Bonnet Gibet Valentin , Michaut Chloé , Wieczorek Mark , Lognonné Philippe
Published: November 2022

A North/South difference in crustal thickness is likely at the origin of the Martian dichotomy in topography. Recent crustal thickness maps were obtained by inversion of topography and gravity data seismically anchored at the InSight station. On average, the Martian crust is 51–71 km thick with a southern crust thicker by 18–28 km than the northern one. The origin of this crustal dichotomy is still debated although the hypothesis of a large impact is at present very popular. Here, we propose a new mechanism for the formation of this dichotomy that involves a positive feedback between crustal growth and mantle melting. As the crust is enriched in heat‐producing elements, the lid of a one‐plate planet is hotter and thinner where the crust is thicker, inducing a larger amount of partial melt below the lid and hence a larger rate of melt extraction and crustal growth. We first demonstrate analytically that larger wavelength perturbations, that is, hemispherical perturbations, grow faster because smaller wavelengths are more attenuated by thermal diffusion. We then use a parameterized thermal evolution model with a well‐mixed mantle topped by two different lids characterized by their thermal structures and thicknesses to study the growth of the crust in the two hemispheres. Our results demonstrate that this positive feedback can generate a significant crustal dichotomy.
CCL18 signaling from tumor-associated macrophages activates fibroblasts to adopt a chemoresistance-inducing phenotype
Authors: Zeng Wenfeng , Xiong Lixiong , Wu Wei , Li Shunrong , Liu Jiang , Yang Linbing , Lao Liyan , Huang Penghan , Zhang Mengmeng , Chen Huiping , Miao Nanyan , Lin Zhirong , Liu Zifei , Yang Xinyu , Wang Jiayi , Wang Pei , Song Erwei , Yao Yandan , Nie Yan , Chen Jianing , Huang Di
Published: November 2022

The heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) might be ascribed to differences in origin. CD10 and GPR77 have been reported to identify a chemoresistance-inducing CAF subset in breast cancer. However, the precise mechanism for the formation of the CD10+GPR77+ CAFs remains unknown. In this study, we found that CCL18 expression was positively correlated with the density of CD10+GPR77+ CAFs in breast cancer and associated with a poor response to chemotherapy. Moreover, CCL18 secreted by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) activated a CD10+GPR77+ CAF phenotype in normal breast-resident fibroblasts (NBFs), which could then enrich cancer stem cells (CSCs) and induce chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, CCL18 activated NF-κB signaling via PITPNM3 and thus enhanced the production of IL-6 and IL-8. Furthermore, intratumoral CCL18 injection significantly induced the activation of NBFs and the chemoresistance of xenografts in vivo. In addition, targeting CCL18 by anti-CCL18 antibody could inhibit the formation of CD10+GPR77+ CAFs and recover the chemosensitivity in vivo, leading to effective tumor control. Collectively, these findings reveal that inflammatory signaling crosstalk between TAMs and fibroblasts is responsible for the formation of the CD10+GPR77+ CAFs, suggesting CCL18–PITPNM3 signaling is a potential therapeutic target to block the activation of this specific CAF subtype and tumor chemoresistance.
FHL1 mediates HOXA10 deacetylation via SIRT2 to enhance blastocyst-epithelial adhesion
Authors: Cao Zhiwen , Yan Qiang , Zhang Mei , Zhu Yingchun , Liu Jingyu , Jiang Yue , Zhen Xin , Xu Manlin , Yue Qiuling , Zhou Jidong , Zhou Quan , Wang Xiaoying , Ding Lijun , Sun Haixiang , Yan Guijun
Published: November 2022

Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is a rather thorny problem in the clinical practice of assisted reproductive technology. Due to the complex aetiology of RIF, its pathogenesis is far from fully understood, and there is no effective treatment available. Here, We explored the regulatory mechanism of the four half-domains of LIM domain 1 (FHL1), which is significantly downregulated in the endometrium of RIF patients, in blastocyst-epithelial adhesion. Indeed, FHL1 expression was dramatically increased in normal female mid-secretory endometrial epithelial cells and was abnormally reduced in RIF patients. Furthermore, FHL1 overexpression promoted blastocyst-epithelial adhesion, and interfering with FHL1 expression in the mouse uterus significantly inhibited embryo implantation. Mechanistically, FHL1 did not regulate HOXA10 mRNA expression but increased HOXA10 protein stability and activated HOXA10, thereby promoting its regulation of downstream gene expression and the β3 integrin/FAK pathway. Meanwhile, FHL1 regulates HOXA10 function by increasing HOXA10 deacetylation through enhanced binding of HOXA10 and SIRT2. SIRT2-specific inhibitors can significantly inhibit this effect. In the endometrial epithelial cells of RIF patients, the correlation between FHL1 and HOXA10 and its downstream target genes has also been verified. Finally, our data indicated FHL1 is a regulatory molecule that promotes blastocyst-epithelial adhesion. Altogether, downstream dysfunction due to aberrant FHL1 expression is an important molecular basis for embryo implantation failure in patients with RIF and to provide new potential therapeutic targets.
Very low frequency waves as selective probe for Cysticercus tenuicollis, Hydatid cyst and Coenurus cerebralis bio-analysis using single cell-signal recording
Authors: Foroutan Hamed , Moazeni Mohammad , Doroodmand Mohammad Mahdi , Mootabi-Alavi Amir
Published: November 2022

Comparative electric behavior of Cysticercus tenuicollis, Hydatid cyst and Coenurus cerebralis at the Very Low Frequency (VLF) region has been studied in detail. This investigation could be significant, because of the economic and public health importance of these parasitic infections in domestic animals. In this report, a single cell signal recording technique has been adopted for comparison using a stainless steel (type: 316, diameter: ~ 300 µm, height: 2.00 cm) two identical electrode system, implanted on the surface of the tested cysts with inter electrode distance of 0.50 cm at a ~ 6.0 giga ohm (GΩ) sealed condition (based on the situation of the implanted electrode system). This process was achieved based on applying electrical interaction between the cysts and the VLF electrical signal. Relative to the measured time domain signal (Current–time diagram), the frequency domain (Current-frequency diagram) was estimated via applying a “Discrete Fast Fourier Transform” (DFFT) algorithm at a fixed time interval (5.0 min). Factors, having important influence on the sensitivity of the detection system including the type (waveform) of different alternating-current (AC) triggering stimulus signals (such as direct current, square wave, triangular, sin (t), etc.), the amplitude, as well as the frequency were optimized automatically through a written “Visual Basic 6” program by one-factor-at-a-time method. Direct applying this AC triggering VLF voltage to the cysts resulted in tracing an AC electrical current vs. time that considered as the time domain wave. However, this electrical current was decayed rapidly versus time during maximum 30.0 s time scale. Applying the DFFT algorithm to the measured time domain, resulted in accessing to the frequency domain at the selected frequency range between 2 and 5 kHz that was considered as the selected frequency for the selective differentiation of C. tenuicollis, Hydatid cyst and C. cerebralis. The related probable mechanism of this process may be attributed to the correlation between the triggering potential and the cyst’s electrical surface charge (Zeta potential) as the current source under similar conditions. The results of this study may help to introduce a new detection system for in vivo recognition of the cysts in future.
Multi-modal wound classification using wound image and location by deep neural network
Authors: Anisuzzaman D. M. , Patel Yash , Rostami Behrouz , Niezgoda Jeffrey , Gopalakrishnan Sandeep , Yu Zeyun
Published: November 2022

Wound classification is an essential step of wound diagnosis. An efficient classifier can assist wound specialists in classifying wound types with less financial and time costs and help them decide on an optimal treatment procedure. This study developed a deep neural network-based multi-modal classifier using wound images and their corresponding locations to categorize them into multiple classes, including diabetic, pressure, surgical, and venous ulcers. A body map was also developed to prepare the location data, which can help wound specialists tag wound locations more efficiently. Three datasets containing images and their corresponding location information were designed with the help of wound specialists. The multi-modal network was developed by concatenating the image-based and location-based classifier outputs with other modifications. The maximum accuracy on mixed-class classifications (containing background and normal skin) varies from 82.48 to 100% in different experiments. The maximum accuracy on wound-class classifications (containing only diabetic, pressure, surgical, and venous) varies from 72.95 to 97.12% in various experiments. The proposed multi-modal network also showed a significant improvement in results from the previous works of literature.
Effects of recultivation on soil organic carbon sequestration in abandoned coal mining sites: a meta-analysis
Authors: Baier Clara , Modersohn Antonia , Jalowy Friedrich , Glaser Bruno , Gross Arthur
Published: November 2022

Opencast coal mining results in high loss of soil organic carbon (SOC), which may be restored via recultivation. Common strategies include liming, topsoil application, and phytoremediation. It remains unclear, however, which parameters determine the effectiveness of these varying recultivation strategies especially regarding SOC sequestration. This meta-analysis analyses the effect of varying recultivation strategies on SOC sequestration under different climate and soil conditions (pH, texture, depth) as well as in relation to time, based on 404 data entries from 51 studies. All included climatic regions recorded increases in SOC stocks, with tropical soils showing the highest potential for relative gains at up to 637%. We demonstrate that loamy soils sequester twice as much newly introduced SOC than sand. Strategy-wise, the highest mean rate of SOC sequestration is achieved by forest after topsoil application (3.9 Mg ha−1 a−1), agriculture after topsoil application (2.3 Mg ha−1 a−1), and agriculture with topsoil and fertiliser application (1.9 Mg ha−1 a−1) with a response ratio of 304%, 281%, and 218%, respectively. Soils analysed to less then 40 cm depth show higher SOC sequestration rates (< 10 cm: 0.6 Mg ha−1 a−1, < 20 cm: 1.0 Mg ha−1 a−1, and 20–40 cm: 0.4 Mg ha−1 a−1; response ratio of 123%, 68%, and 73%, respectively) than those analysed to a depth of 41–80 cm (0.1 Mg ha−1 a−1; response ratio of 6%). In terms of pH, strongly acidic soils (pH < 4.5) and alkaline conditions (pH > 7) offer the most beneficial environment for SOC sequestration at 0.4 Mg ha−1 a−1 and 0.8 Mg ha−1 a−1, respectively (185% and 273% response). Given comparable SOC sequestration potentials of forest after topsoil application, agriculture without amendments, and forest without amendments, we recommend to weigh these strategies against each other. Potentially decisive aspects are short- vs. long-term economic gains, food security concerns, and—in case of agriculture—the risk of overintensification leading to losses in SOC. Our data suggests that amendments exert considerable influence on SOC sequestration and need to be introduced under careful consideration.
Performance estimation of optical skin probe in short wavelength infrared spectroscopy based on Monte-Carlo simulation
Authors: Lee June-Young , Ahn Sungmo , Nam Sung Hyun
Published: November 2022

Optical throughput and optical path length are key parameters to obtain high signal to noise ratio and sensor sensitivity for the detection of skin tissue components based on short wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy. These parameters should be taken into account at the stage of optical system design. We aim to develop a method to estimate the optical efficiency and the effective water path length of a newly designed SWIR spectroscopy skin measurement system using Monte-Carlo photon migration simulation. To estimate the optical efficiency and the effective water path length, we investigated the characteristics of Monte-Carlo photon migration simulation utilizing one layered simple skin model. Simulation of photon transport in skin was conducted for transmission, transflection, and reflection optical configurations in both first overtone (1540 ~ 1820 nm) and combination (2040 ~ 2380 nm) wavelength ranges. Experimental measurement of skin spectrum was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy based system to validate the estimation performance. Overall, the simulated results for optical efficiency and effective water path length are in good agreements with the experimental measurements, which shows the suggested method can be used as a means for the performance estimation and the design optimization of various in-vivo SWIR spectroscopic system.
Investigation of 91 proteins implicated in neurobiological processes identifies multiple candidate plasma biomarkers of stroke outcome
Authors: Lagging Cecilia , Klasson Sofia , Pedersen Annie , Nilsson Staffan , Jood Katarina , Stanne Tara M. , Jern Christina
Published: November 2022

The inter-individual variation in stroke outcomes is large and protein studies could point to potential underlying biological mechanisms. We measured plasma levels of 91 neurobiological proteins in 209 cases included in the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke using a Proximity Extension Assay, and blood was sampled in the acute phase and at 3-month and 7-year follow-ups. Levels were also determined once in 209 controls. Acute stroke severity and neurological outcome were evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. In linear regression models corrected for age, sex, and sampling day, acute phase levels of 37 proteins were associated with acute stroke severity, and 47 with 3-month and/or 7-year outcome at false discovery rate < 0.05. Three-month levels of 8 proteins were associated with 7-year outcome, of which the associations for BCAN and Nr-CAM were independent also of acute stroke severity. Most proteins followed a trajectory with lower levels in the acute phase compared to the 3-month follow-up and the control sampling point. Conclusively, we identified multiple candidate plasma biomarkers of stroke severity and neurological outcome meriting further investigation. This study adds novel information, as most of the reported proteins have not been previously investigated in a stroke cohort.
Natural selection under conventional and organic cropping systems affect root architecture in spring barley
Authors: Siddiqui Md. Nurealam , Schneider Michael , Barbosa Marissa B. , Léon Jens , Ballvora Agim
Published: November 2022

A beneficial root system is crucial for efficient nutrient uptake and stress tolerance. Therefore, evaluating the root system variation for breeding crop plants towards stress adaptation is critically important. Here, we phenotyped root architectural traits of naturally adapted populations from organic and conventional cropping systems under hydroponic and field trails. Long-term natural selection under these two cropping systems resulted in a microevolution of root morphological and anatomical traits. Barley lines developed under an organic system possessed longer roots with narrow root angle, larger surface area, increased root mass density, and a thinner root diameter with an increased number of metaxylem vessels. In contrast, lines adapted to the conventional system tend to have a shorter and wider root system with a larger root volume with a thicker diameter but fewer metaxylem vessels. Allometry analysis established a relationship between root traits and plant size among barley genotypes, which specifies that root angle could be a good candidate among studied root traits to determine root-borne shoot architecture. Further, multivariate analyses showed a strong tendency towards increased variability of the organically adapted population's root morphological and anatomical traits. The genotyping of ancestor populations validated the observations made in these experiments. Collectively, this results indicate significant differences in root phenotypes between conventional and organic populations, which could be useful in comparative genomics and breeding.
Characterizing the degradation of cannabidiol in an e-liquid formulation
Authors: Schwarzenberg Adrián , Carpenter Harry , Wright Christopher , Bayazeid Omer , Brokl Michał
Published: November 2022

The reported characteristics of cannabidiol (CBD) have encouraged significant growth in commercial CBD products. There is limited information on the stability of CBD and some researchers have noted significant reductions of CBD in products. In this study, the chemical profiles of plant-based and chemically synthesized CBD in a prototype e-liquid formulation were assessed during 4 weeks of storage under varying conditions. Samples were analysed on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 by untargeted analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography—trapped ion mobility–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TIMS-TOF-MS). On day 1, analysis of plant-based and synthetic CBD formulations showed small differences in their composition, with plant-based CBD e-liquid containing trace levels of a higher number of phytocannabinoid-related impurities. Storage for 4 weeks under stress (40 °C, 75% relative humidity, dark) and ambient (25 °C, 60% relative humidity, daylight) conditions led to increases in the number and abundance of cannabinoid-related degradation products, including cannabielsoin (CBE) and CBD-hydroxyquinone (HU-331), which are products of the oxidation of CBD, and other unidentified cannabinoid-related compounds. The unidentified cannabinoid-related compounds were probed by accurate mass measurement and MS2 fragmentation but could not be matched using a mass spectral library derived from 39 commercially available cannabinoid reference standards. Based on elemental composition and MS2 fragmentation patterns, the unidentified cannabinoid-related compounds were classified as hydroxy-CBE, hydroxy-CBD, and dihydroxy-CBD. The analysis of e-liquid formulations protected from light and stored at 4 °C for 4 weeks indicated only very small increases in CBD oxidation products. The results indicate that CBD degrades in e-liquid solution at ambient temperature in dark and light to form potentially undesirable products, including cannabielsoin and cannabidiol hydroxyquinone.
Nordic walking with an integrated resistance shock absorber affects the femur strength and muscles torques in postmenopausal women
Authors: Wochna Krystian , Ogurkowska Małgorzata , Leszczyński Piotr , Stemplewski Rafał , Huta-Osiecka Anna , Błaszczyk Anna , Mączyński Jacek , Nowak Alicja
Published: November 2022

Deterioration of the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system represents a significant problem during aging and intervention with a suitable load of physical activity may improve the quality of life. Nordic walking (NW) has become a popular and easily accessible form of activity, especially for older adults people around the world. Thus, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of an Nordic walking training program with classic poles (NW) and with integrated resistance shock absorber (RSA) on bone mineral density and the peak torques of upper limb muscles and to compare the effects of both intervention programs. 25 women were randomly assigned to two training groups: 10 subjects using RSA (68 ± 4.19 years) and 15 subjects using NW poles (65 ± 3.40 years), which completed 8 weeks of training program. The hip, spine and forearm areal bone mineral density, torques of the flexors and extensors at the elbow and shoulder joints were measured before starting the training programs and after their completion. The most significant effect was found in differences between the two groups of women with respect to the femur strength index (p = 0.047) and the ratio of the flexors to extensors in the elbow (p = 0.049) and shoulder (p = 0.001) joints and peak torque of flexors in the shoulder joint (p = 0.001) for the left arm. A significant difference was also found in the index of torque asymmetry of flexors in the shoulder joint (p = 0.002). The study shows that Nordic walking with RSA poles for postmenopausal women led to beneficial changes in the femur strength index. However, we found no significant influence on bone mineral density values measured on the whole body, the femoral neck, forearm or lumbar spine regions. The occurrence of asymmetry in biomechanical muscle parameters, which was observed using RSA poles, may suggest the necessity of systematic controlling the gait technique to avoid the adverse consequences of asymmetrical rotation of the lumbar spine.
Resveratrol suppresses serum-induced vasculogenic mimicry through impairing the EphA2/twist-VE-cadherin/AKT pathway in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells
Authors: Han Deok-Soo , Lee Hyo-Jeong , Lee Eun-Ok
Published: November 2022

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is closely related to cancer progression and metastasis, contributing to poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Resveratrol (RES) is well known to possess anti-cancer activity. This study explored the new role of RES in VM incidence in human prostate cancer (PCa) PC-3 cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, transwell invasion, and three-dimensional culture VM tube formation assays were performed to check the cell viability, invasive ability, and vessel-like networks formation, respectively. VM-related proteins were detected by Western blots. The activity of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was identified by gelatin zymography. Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) mRNA was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Nuclear twist expression was observed by immunofluorescence assay. RES reduced serum-induced invasion and VM formation. Serum-induced phosphorylation of erythropoiethin-producing hepatoceullular A2 (EphA2) and the expression of VE-cadherin at the protein and mRNA levels were decreased after RES treatment. RES inhibited serum-induced expression and nuclear localization of twist. Serum-activated AKT signaling pathway, including MMP-2 and laminin subunit 5 gamma-2, was impaired by RES. These results suggested that RES may have an anti-VM effect through suppressing the EphA2/twist-VE-cadherin/AKT signaling cascade in PCa PC-3 cells.
Fine-grained population mapping from coarse census counts and open geodata
Authors: Metzger Nando , Vargas-Muñoz John E. , Daudt Rodrigo C. , Kellenberger Benjamin , Whelan Thao Ton-That , Ofli Ferda , Imran Muhammad , Schindler Konrad , Tuia Devis
Published: November 2022

Fine-grained population maps are needed in several domains, like urban planning, environmental monitoring, public health, and humanitarian operations. Unfortunately, in many countries only aggregate census counts over large spatial units are collected, moreover, these are not always up-to-date. We present Pomelo, a deep learning model that employs coarse census counts and open geodata to estimate fine-grained population maps with$$100\,$$100m ground sampling distance. Moreover, the model can also estimate population numbers when no census counts at all are available, by generalizing across countries. In a series of experiments for several countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the maps produced with Pomeloare in good agreement with the most detailed available reference counts: disaggregation of coarse census counts reaches$$R^2$$R2values of 85–89%; unconstrained prediction in the absence of any counts reaches 48–69%.
Bio-inspired electronic fingerprint PUF device with single-walled carbon nanotube network surface mediated by M13 bacteriophage template
Authors: Jeong Jae-Seung , Lee Gyo Sub , Park Tae-Eon , Lee Ki-Young , Ju Hyunsu
Published: November 2022

Human fingerprints are randomly created during fetal activity in the womb, resulting in unique and physically irreproducible fingerprint patterns that are applicable as a biological cryptographic primitive. Similarly, stochastically knitted single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) network surfaces exhibit inherently random and unique electrical characteristics that can be exploited as a physical unclonable function (PUF) in the authentication. In this study, filamentous M13 bacteriophages are used as a biological gluing template to create a random SWNT network surface with mechanical flexibility, with electrical properties determined by random variation during fabrication. The resistance profile between two adjacent electrodes was mapped for these M13-mediated SWNT network surfaces, with the results demonstrating a unique resistance profile for each M13-SWNT device, similar to that of human fingerprints. Randomness and uniqueness measures were evaluated as respectively 50.5% and 50% using generated challenge–response pairs. Min-entropy for unpredictability evaluation of the M13-SWNT based PUFs resulted in 0.98. Our results showed that M13-SWNT random network exhibits cryptographic characteristics when used in a bio-inspired PUF device.
Modulation instability—rogue wave correspondence hidden in integrable systems
Authors: Chen Shihua , Bu Lili , Pan Changchang , Hou Chong , Baronio Fabio , Grelu Philippe , Akhmediev Nail
Published: November 2022

The bulk-boundary correspondence is a key feature of topological physics and is universally applicable to Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems. Here, we report a similar universal correspondence intended for the rogue waves in integrable systems, by establishing the relationship between the fundamental rogue wave solutions of integrable models and the baseband modulation instability of continuous-wave backgrounds. We employ an N-component generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation framework to exemplify this modulation instability-rogue wave correspondence, where we numerically confirm the excitation of three coexisting Peregrine solitons from a turbulent wave field, as predicted by the modulation instability analysis. The universality of such modulation instability-rogue wave correspondence has been corroborated using various integrable models, thereby offering an alternative way of obtaining exact rogue wave solutions from the modulation instability analysis.
Macromolecules in Fungi with Pharmaceutical Potential
Authors: Araújo-Rodrigues A. Helena , Sofia Sousa B. Ana , Pintado C. Manuela E.
Published: November 2022

For centuries, based on empiric knowledge, macrofungi or mushrooms have been used for pharmaceutical purposes in several cultures, including Asian countries. In this context, numerous scientists worldwide have been investigating the diverse chemical groups isolated from mushrooms, including polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, terpenoids, and polyphenols. Beyond their nutritional potential, these macromolecules have been associated with several medicinal properties, including anticancer, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, cholesterol-lowering, antibacterial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects, among others. Most of these research studies have focused on the functional and biological potential of mushroom extracts. Furthermore, several other studies have indicated possible beneficial synergistic effects between the different bioactive molecules present in mushrooms. Therefore, nowadays, beyond diet, macrofungal species can be consumed as functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceutical products to treat or prevent human disorders. This chapter describes the main bio-functional macromolecules obtained from edible mushrooms and their associated human health benefits. Further, additional research studies focusing on nutraceutical and functional applications of mushroom macromolecules should be performed to validate their efficacy and safety, which will be of utmost importance for developing innovative food products and biomedical innovations.
The Cultural Use of Mushrooms
Authors: Vunduk Jovana , Biketova Alona Yu.
Published: November 2022

Far from being among the hottest scientific topics and a cultural hype, mushrooms have a long history of cultural uses. Food and medicinal uses are the best known and most recorded ones. Who feasted on mushroom-loaded extravagant banquets? Which species are considered among the tastiest? Which ancient texts spoke about mushroom medicine? What is the future of medicinal mushroom use, and how has the recent pandemic affected the mushroom food and medicine markets? With this emerging interest, mushroom's significance is being examined as a part of ancient (shamanism) and even the most recent religions (such as psychedelic Judaism), art, fashion (natural dyes and mycelium-based fabrics; cottagecore and goblincore), beliefs (folktales and fairy rings), superstition, and language (ab) use. This chapter also explores the economic uses, from species supporting the development of the rural communities to those causing mushroom wars. The authors also cover the emerging field of quantitative ethnomycology.
Reeling them in: Ph2PSiMe3 in the sequential formation of InP magic-sized clusters
Authors: Gazis Theodore A. , Matthews Peter D.
Published: November 2022

Ph2PSiMe3 enables the identification of additional InP MSC intermediate species, which absorb from 365–490 nm. Despite being discrete sizes of MSCs, they form a reaction continuum, thus providing further insight into the growth mechanism of InP.
Zero-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid zinc halide with broadband yellow light emission
Authors: Liu Yu-Hang , Wang Wen-Qi , Zhang Bing-Lin , Wang Yu-Jiao , Ren Meng-Ping , Jing Zhihong , Yue Cheng-Yang
Published: November 2022

[N-EPD]2ZnBr4produces strong yellow broadband luminescence with a promising quantum yield of 8.28%. This is the first report about yellow light emission in 0D hybrid zinc halides.
Merging the AuCu3- and BaAl4-based structure motifs: flux-assisted synthesis, crystal, and electronic structure of Ca2Pt7XP4−δ phosphide platinides (X = Al, Ti, and Zn)
Authors: Makhaneva Anastasiya Yu. , Zakharova Elena Yu. , Nesterenko Sergey N. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Kuznetsov Alexey N.
Published: November 2022

Three quaternary phosphide platinides, Ca2Pt7AlP3.00(4), Ca2Pt7TiP3.24(4), and Ca2Pt7ZnP2.78(2), were synthesized by a high-temperature technique using lead as a flux.
Polymorphic control in titanium dioxide particles
Authors: Quiñones Vélez Gabriel , Soto Nieves Diego , Castro Vázquez Anushka , López-Mejías Vilmalí
Published: November 2022

The hydrolysis–condensation reaction of TiO2 was adapted to the phase inversion temperature (PIT)-nano-emulsion method, leading to the selective formation of highly-pure rutile, anatase, and brookite particles of this metal oxide.
High-capacity polysulfide–polyiodide nonaqueous redox flow batteries with a ceramic membrane
Authors: Chen Mao , Chen Hongning
Published: November 2022

High-capacity polysulfide–polyiodide nonaqueous redox flow batteries with a ceramic membrane were demonstrated that provide a new direction to promote their application.
Visible-light-induced mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride-catalyzed trifluoromethylation and perfluoroalkylation of 4-aminocoumarins
Authors: Li Ning-Bo , Gu Shuo , Hu Chu-Qian , Wang Yu-Xin , Zhou Xue , Qiao Jie , Jiang Jun , Ji Hong-Tao , He Wei-Min
Published: November 2022

A heterogeneous mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) photocatalytic 3-trifluoromethylation/perfluoroalkylation of 4-aminocoumarins was realized from 4-aminocoumarins and CnF2n+1SO2Na under mild conditions.
One-step thermal polymerization synthesis of nitrogen-rich g-C3N4 nanosheets enhances photocatalytic redox activity
Authors: Peng Leyu , Liu Jiaxi , Li Ziyuan , Jing Yifan , Zou Yongjin , Chu Hailiang , Xu Fen , Sun Lixian , Huang Pengru
Published: November 2022

The introduction of nitrogen self-doping introduced midgap states and narrowed the bandgap of g-C3N4. This significantly enhanced the visible-light harvesting and promoted the separation of photogenerated carriers.
Design and development of a fluorometric and colorimetric sensor for toxic cyanide detection by pyridinium scaffolds: live cell imaging and real sample analysis
Authors: Jamuna Kannan , Gayathri Santhalingam , Sivakumar Shanmugam , Ashokkumar Balasubramaniem
Published: November 2022

Pyridinium based indenophenanthiride (Me-INDP) has been synthesized via conventional method which en route detection of CN− ion in a non-aqueous medium. The sensing behavior of Me-INDP to detection of CN− ion in a biological system was investigated using U87 cell lines.
The effective shear modulus of a random isotropic suspension of monodisperse liquid n-spheres: from the dilute limit to the percolation threshold
Authors: Ghosh Kamalendu , Lefèvre Victor , Lopez-Pamies Oscar
Published: November 2022

A study is made of the macroscopic mechanical response of a random isotropic suspension of liquid n-spherical inclusions (n = 2, 3), each having identical initial radius A, in an elastomer subjected to small quasistatic deformations.
Multi-responsive and programmable actuators made with nacre-inspired graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose film
Authors: Yang Kaihuai , Cai Wanling , Lan Minli , Ye Yuanji , Tang Zhendong , Guo Qiaohang , Weng Mingcen
Published: November 2022

Multi-responsive and programmable actuators made with nacre-inspired graphene oxide-bacterial cellulose film for flexible robots, artificial muscles, and smart devices.
Lateral diffusion of lipids in the DMPG membrane across the anomalous melting regime: effects of NaCl
Authors: Sharma V. K. , Gupta J. , Mamontov E.
Published: November 2022

Lateral diffusion coefficient of DMPG membrane across the anomalous melting regime. Presence of NaCl enhances the lateral diffusion of anionic DMPG lipid.
Novel polymeric cobalt tetrabenzimidazole phthalocyanine for nanomolar detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: C. P. Keshavananda Prabhu , Naveen Kenkera Rayappa , Aralekallu Shambhulinga , Shivalingayya  , Sannegowda Lokesh Koodlur
Published: November 2022

Synthesized poly(CoTBImPc) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were coated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE/CNT/poly(CoTBmIPc)) and used as an amperometric sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Kae1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae KEOPS complex possesses ADP/GDP nucleotidase activity
Authors: Li Qian-Xi , Liu Jia-Cheng , He Ming-Hong , Zhou Jin-Qiu
Published: November 2022

The KEOPS complex is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex in all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya). In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the KEOPS complex (ScKEOPS) consists of five subunits, which are Kae1, Bud32, Cgi121, Pcc1, and Gon7. The KEOPS complex is an ATPase and is required for tRNA N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification, telomere length maintenance, and efficient DNA repair. Here, recombinant ScKEOPS full complex and Kae1–Pcc1–Gon7 and Bud32–Cgi121 subcomplexes were purified and their biochemical activities were examined. KEOPS was observed to have ATPase and GTPase activities, which are predominantly attributed to the Bud32 subunit, as catalytically dead Bud32, but not catalytically dead Kae1, largely eliminated the ATPase/GTPase activity of KEOPS. In addition, KEOPS could hydrolyze ADP to adenosine or GDP to guanosine, and produce PPi, indicating that KEOPS is an ADP/GDP nucleotidase. Further mutagenesis characterization of Bud32 and Kae1 subunits revealed that Kae1, but not Bud32, is responsible for the ADP/GDP nucleotidase activity. In addition, the Kae1V309D mutant exhibited decreased ADP/GDP nucleotidase activity in vitro and shortened telomeres in vivo, but showed only a limited defect in t6A modification, suggesting that the ADP/GDP nucleotidase activity of KEOPS contributes to telomere length regulation.
Activity of EGFR transmembrane region variants indicates specific transmembrane dimers are not required for EGFR activity
Authors: Bartzoka Foteini , Gonzalez-Magaldi Monica , Byrne Patrick O. , Callery Nicole I. , Hristova Kalina , Leahy Daniel J.
Published: November 2022

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase that mediates cell proliferation and differentiation events during development and maintenance of complex organisms. Formation of specific, ligand-dependent EGFR dimers is a key step in stimulating EGFR signaling, and crystal structures of active, dimeric forms of isolated EGFR extracellular regions and kinase domains have revealed much about how dimer interactions regulate EGFR activity. The nature and role of the transmembrane region in regulating EGFR activity remains less clear, however. Proposed roles for the transmembrane region range from nonspecific but energetically favorable interactions to specific transmembrane dimer conformations being associated with active, inactive, or activity-modulated states of EGFR. To investigate the role of specific transmembrane dimers in modulating EGFR activity we generated thirteen EGFR variants with altered transmembrane sequences designed to favor or disfavor specific types of transmembrane region interactions. We show using FRET microscopy that EGFR transmembrane regions have an intrinsic propensity to associate in mammalian cell membranes that is counteracted by the extracellular region. We show using cell-based assays that each of the EGFR transmembrane variants except the Neu variant, which results in constitutive receptor phosphorylation, is able to autophosphorylate and stimulate phosphorylation of downstream effectors Erk and Akt. Our results indicate that many transmembrane sequences, including polyleucine, are compatible with EGFR activity and provide no evidence for specific transmembrane dimers regulating EGFR function.