bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis and GPU parallelisation of ECO object tracking algorithm
Authors: Taygan Ugur , Ozsoy Adnan
Published: August 2020

The classification and tracking of objects has gained popularity in recent years due to the variety and importance of their application areas. Although object classification does not necessarily have to be real time, object tracking is often intended to be carried out in real time. While the object tracking algorithm mainly focuses on robustness and accuracy, the speed of the algorithm may degrade significantly. Due to their parallelisable nature, the use of GPUs and other parallel programming tools are increasing in the object tracking applications. In this paper, we run experiments on the Efficient Convolution Operators object tracking algorithm, in order to detect its time-consuming parts, which are the bottlenecks of the algorithm, and investigate the possibility of GPU parallelisation of the bottlenecks to improve the speed of the algorithm. Finally, the candidate methods are implemented and parallelised using the Compute Unified Device Architecture.

 

Keywords: Object tracking, parallel programming.
Emociones draconianas: la institucionalización afectiva del perdón en la ley ateniense sobre homicidio (IG I3. 104, 13-20)
Authors: Buis Emiliano J.
Published: August 2020

It has been frequently stated that, after the displacement of private interpersonal revenge by third-party public mechanisms controlled by the polis, Draco’s law on homicide replaced the emotions related to the repression of crime with an order founded on a group-based rationality which is expected within an objective legal system. However, an examination of the provisions referring to pardon (aidesis) in the preserved text of the norm allows us to identify a mechanism of affective institutionalization. As a result of the implementation of legal artifice, this mechanism manages to endorse the fiction of a collective forgiveness capable of overcoming individual pathos.
El movimiento como metáfora. Colocaciones con los verbos de movimiento venio e incido en latín
Authors: Jiménez Martínez María Isabel
Published: August 2020

One of the best-known features of verb-noun collocations is that one of their constituents, the collocative, has a metaphorical sense adapted to the main element of the construction, the basis. However, there has been little attention to the relation between collocations and metaphors. Thus, the aim of this paper is double: on the one hand, to highlight the tight relationship between metaphor and collocations; and, on the other, to discuss some metaphors codded in collocations with the movement verbs venio and incido, from the analysis of a representative corpus. As we will see, collocations with these two verbs are connected to two orientational metaphors frequently used in a wide range of languages in the world: "states are containers and inceptions of events are endpoints of telic movements". Moreover, the verb incido has in many collocations a negative meaning because of the conceptualization of the “fall” in the Roman world, related to the "up is good, down is bad" metaphor.
Uma abordagem da dinâmica do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico das baterias lítio-íon para veículos elétricos
Authors: Bermúdez -Rodríguez Tatiana , Consoni Flavia Luciane
Published: August 2020

O principal componente dos veículos elétricos (VE) é a sua bateria. Considerando que as baterias lítio-íon têm oferecido as melhores respostas a diferentes problemas tecnológicos, o que inclui tempo de recarga, autonomia, peso e densidade energética, questiona-se qual tem sido o seu desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico ao longo do tempo. O objetivo deste artigo é avançar na compreensão desta questão a partir de um estudo bibliométrico e de patentes das baterias lítio-íon para VE. Os resultados indicam que a dinâmica de publicação de artigos científicos e de famílias de patentes tem sido crescente, em especial a partir de 2009, motivada por preocupações ambientais e pelo interesse de uma diversidade de empresas no crescimento deste mercado. Países asiáticos tais como Japão, China, Coreia do Sul e Taiwan, além dos Estados Unidos e algumas nações europeias, ocupam a liderança nesta corrida tecnológica. Um ponto de destaque são as redes de colaboração que têm se formado entre universidades com foco na publicação de artigos científicos, e entre montadoras tradicionais e empresas do setor eletroeletrônico, para atividades de patenteamento. Este movimento evidencia a necessidade da articulação e complementaridade entre diferentes áreas do conhecimento para o avanço do desenvolvimento tecnológico das baterias de lítio-íon.
Community-Based Coastal Resource Management (CB-CRM): a Case Study f Mariveles, Bataan, Philippines
Authors: Munchal Andrew L.L
Published: August 2020

This paper addressed the issue of sustainable coastal resource management through a successful Community-Based Coastal Resource Management (CB-CRM) Program in the Municipality of Mariveles, province of Bataan in the Philippines. The paper investigated how governance and institutional and legislative framework, and the concept of sustainable development complemented  each  other  to  promote  good  local  eco-governance in  the management and protection of finite local marine resources. Specifically, it analyzed how the local fisherfolk community of Mariveles utilized efficiently their finite marine resources in the context of eco-governance. It also investigated how the cooperative efforts of various stakeholders: peoples’ organizations (POs),  local  government unit  (LGU),  and  a  non- government organization (NGO)  in  Mariveles, Bataan  affected  their  coastal  resources against environmental degradation and exploitation. This paper would benefit POs, LGUs, and NGOs in their quest for sustainable management and conservation of their limited coastal resources. This paper yielded the following findings. First, POs and NGOs engage when NGOs can strengthen the POs’ capacity building through the transfer of skills and technology, when NGOs can enhance the POs’ indigenous knowledge, and when NGOs are more knowledgeable of formal venues of LGU participation. Second, LGUs, NGOs and POs engage when POs and NGOs can complement each other to strengthen their capacity building, and when NGOs can help implement environmental programs that are beneficial to the POs. Third, NGOs and POs engage when POs are threatened by elite power, and when NGOs want their environmental issues on LGU’s legislative agenda. Finally, NGOs and POs engage when they see possible LGU cooperation. Participant observation through focus group discussion (FGD) and key informants’ interview of different stakeholders was a  primary  source  of  information  in  formulating  the  aforementioned  conclusions.  In addition, stakeholders’ analysis and documentary analysis, i.e., books, print and non-print materials, video footage, monograph, were used as secondary sources of information. The author is solely responsible for any information found in this paper.
Comparison of Blood Cholesterol Profiles Before and After The Measurements of Maximum Aerobic Capacity (VO2max)
Authors: SHADIQIN AR
Published: August 2020

This study is aimed to compare the blood cholesterol profile, before and after the measurement of maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max) in the students of Jurusan Pendidikan Olahraga dan Kesehatan (JPOK) pada Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (FKIP) Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin.Variables in this study consist of lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and Maximum Aerobic Capacity (VO2max). The concept of VO2max according to Kent(1994:268): “maximum oxygen volume consumed per minute to show total work capacity, or volume per minute relative to body weight (ml/kg.min)”. Operationally, VO2max referred in this study is the maximum volume of oxygen that can be consumed per minute, as measured at progressive run (Bleep Test).
The method used in this study is pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. This design implies that a group of subjects are treated for a specific period and the measurements are taken both pre and post. The results: There are changes in blood cholesterol profile after the measurement of maximum oxygen capacity (VO2max), shown by significant decrease of total cholesterol variable, increased HDL, and decreased LDL. Changes in triglyceridevariable showed no significant decrease despite the statistic differences. Specific HDL sub-class increasing after exercise is a constructive lipoprotein sub-class whereas LDL is destructive lipoproteins sub-class that might damage the body. Therefore, an increase in HDL and decrease in LDL found in this study appears to be advantageous and consequently might alter the risk of coronary heart disease.
The Practice of Local Wisdom of Dayak People in Forest Conservation in South Kalimantan
Authors: Fahrianoor Fahrianoor , Windari Tri , Taharuddin Taharuddin , Ruslimar'i Ruslimar'i , Maryono Maryono
Published: August 2020

The research is conducted in the purpose of discovering the practice of local wisdom in Dayak people in their interaction with the forest. The research is also conducted using qualitative method, conceptual foundation focusing on local wisdom based in the community of Dayak Upau, Dayak Warukin and Dayak Loksado. The result shows that the practice of local wisdom in preserving the forest is by treating the nature in the way as treating the people themselves. The practice of local wisdom by the Dayaks is implemented in the forms of livelihood, social values, their knowledge and belief.
Impacts of Climate Change on Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Cases in Banjarbaru Municipal, South Kalimantan During the Year 2005-2010
Authors: Zubaidah Tien
Published: August 2020

Environment is one of instrumental factor in the emerging and the spreading of dengue disease. The Climate change may causes affect to infectious disease pattern and the risk of transmission increasement. Disease of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has become endemic in the major cities in Indonesia. It has been suspected that dengue outbreaks that occur each year in almost all of Indonesia is closely related to weather patterns. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of climate change (rainfall, humidity and air temperature) with dengue cases in the Banjarbaru municipal during the year 2005-2010. The design of the study is a over times studies of ecology. The research was conducted in April-May 2010 and located in the Banjarbaru municipal, South Kalimantan by using secondary data. Data on the number of dengue cases was derived from the Banjarbaru Health Office reports. Climate data used are rainfall data, temperature and humidity obtained from the Meteorology and Geophysics Board (BMKG) Station of Banjarbaru and Syamsudin Noor Station of Banjarmasin. The results showed that rainfall, humidity, air temperature and free number larva had influence toward insidence of DHF (27%). The conclusion of this study is that the increased rainfall and humidity affected the increased in dengue cases. Therefore, it requires a good cooperation between the health department and BMKG as the party in charge for climates data. 
The Potency of Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri T. et. B) for Supporting Banjarese Building Construction in “Wetland Architecture”
Authors: ARIFIN YUDI FIRMANUL , ITTA DANIEL
Published: August 2020

 
Environmental condition of around rivers and swamps causes the Banjarese people to build settlements use ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri T. et. B.).  Using ulin has become their culture, because they believe the building will be stronger.  In fact the potential ulin from year to year continues to decline, because the growth is not proportional to the speed of ulin needs for construction, thus it is becoming scarce.  This research was conducted in Kabupaten Tanah Laut and Kabupaten Kotabaru.  The method used survey with purposive sampling (large of sample plot 100 m x 100 m which each plot divided into 25 sub-plots of 20 m x 20 m).  All growth stages of ulin were inventoried and in each plot found ulin measured micro climate and collected sample of soil.  Normally ulin can grow well on un-fertile soil, but micro climate like primary forest or old secondary forest. Potential ulin in both Kabupaten per hectare is very low.  The amount of natural regenerations ranged from 3-5 individuals/ha for seedling and 3-46 individuals/ha for sapling.  Number of poles found in both locations are ranged 5 – 6 individuals/ha, and not found tree stage.  Restrictions on harvesting and conservation of ulin are urgently needed in South Kalimantan
Biochar Technology as a Go Green Movement in Indonesia
Authors: Pari Gustan
Published: August 2020

Charcoal has long been known by the community in its use either as energy sources or for agriculture/forestry-related aspects.  Beginning from the discovery of the so-called Terra Preta, the role of charcoal in improving soil fertility and enhancing its productivity at agriculture as well as forestry lands has attracted remarkable attention internationally ever since.  Raw material for charcoal can be wood or other ligno-cellulosic stuffs (e.g. coconut shells, oil-palm shells, rice husks, wood sawdust, nut shells, etc).  Technology in charcoal manufacture commonly employed by the community comprises heaping-kiln, drum kiln, and dome-shaped kiln systems.  Such manufacture technology is simply carbonizing the ligno-cellulosic stuffs inside the kiln into charcoal.  The charcoal yield usually ranges about 20-25% (w/w), implying that as much 75-80% of the stuffs is lost as smoke that further escape to the air.  Environment concerns arise since such escaped smoke can pollute the atmosphere and hence contribute to the global warming.  Measures are urgently needed to reduce the amount of such escapes among others, as developed by the Center for Research and Development on Forestry Engineering and Forest Products Processing (CRDFEFPP, Indonesia) by cooling the smoke, during the carbonization of ligno-cellulosic stuffs, thereby condensing it into liquid smoke (popularly called as wood vinegar). Through intensive and tedious researches, it is found out that the wood vinegar (as charcoal by-product) could effectively function as bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers.  Meanwhile, application of charcoal to the seedlings of forestry plant species reveals positive responses as shown by the increase in biomass weight of those plants on other positive plant-growth aspects (e.g. stem height and diameter).  Likewise, the use of charcoal combined with compost (i.e. organic fertilizer that results from bio-conversion of biomass stuffs) could enhance as much 2-3 times the production of vegetables plants as the control (untreated plants).  This in all strongly indicates the charcoal and wood-vinegar manufacture entirely called as essentially the bio-char technology, can convert biomass stuffs (previously regarded as not or less useful) into value-added or more useful products (charcoal and wood vinegar).
Carbon Stock Stratification of Peat Soils in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Zakiah Siti , Noor Muhammad , Nursyamsi Dedi
Published: August 2020

Carbon stock in peat soils is very high, it is necessary to prudent in its management because peat soils is emitting greenhouse gases such as CO2 during land clearing due to oxidation of peat layer.  This research was conducted to study soil carbon stock stratification in relation to soil physical and chemical properties. The carbon stock stratification was based on maturity degrees of peat.  The study was conducted in Pulau Damar Village, Hulu Sungai Utara District, South Kalimantan Province on land use rubber.  The location of the study area was determined by using the purposive sampling method.  All data obtained were analyzed by Excel spreadsheets and drawn on a CorelDraw 12. The results showed that the amount of carbon stock was influenced by the maturity degrees of peats, peat sapric degres has higher carbon stock than of hemik and fibric with a ratio of  2.0: 1.5: 1.  The relationship between soil carbon stock with soil physic (Bulk Density, BD) and chemical properties (pH, Eh, Fe, and total-N) were not significantly.
The Analysis of Management and Timber Trade System of Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi) From Peat Swamp Forest in South Kalimantan
Authors: Arifin Yudi Firmanul , Hamidah Siti , Arifin Yulian Firmana
Published: August 2020

Until now the raw material of wood especially Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi) available for supporting the construction of housing and other infrastructures is increasingly large in Indonesia. On the Island of Borneo that partly consists of swamps needs Gelam very large and continuous, particularly for residential development. However, areas of peat swamp forest habitat of this plant from year to year are degradation and shrinkage. This situation is a very big influence on the population of Gelam, while the management and timber trade systems are not well regulated. This study aims to analyze the management and timber trade systems of Gelam particularly in South Kalimantan to provide input to the policy holder in the preservation of Gelam. The method was used a field survey and interviews with traders and policy holders related regulations. The results showed in South Kalimantan the potency of Gelam is only 2,9-7,1 m3/ha and decreasing yearly. Normally Gelam with a diameter <4 cm have been cut down, as well as > 30 cm. These dimensions should not be cut because of <4 cm too young and > 30 cm can be used as seed sources. Gelam derived from peat swamp forest, which mostly comes from the Batola District and some came from Kapuas District of Central Kalimantan. Distributions of Gelam were starting gatherers logging in the forest then sold to small gatherers, next to the large gatherers and distributed to all districts/cities in South Kalimantan, wood processing industries, and some of them were sent to Java. The silviculture system of Gelam was using selective cutting. Classification of wood sizes traded by the diameter divided into 3-4cm, 5-6cm, 7-8cm, 9-10cm, 11-12cm, 13-14cm, 15-19cm and > 20cm to 4m long. Its use consists of a small diameter (3-10cm) for foundry building and firewood, while the large diameter (10-20cm) for the construction of houses in swampy areas, and waste as well as the stems are bent and deformed used for firewood. Until now Gelam becomes into the business community and potential sources of local government revenue if managed properly. However, due to the rules of management and administration in South Kalimantan was not going well, thus threatening the sustainability especially with the growing extent of peat lands being converted into palm oil plantations.
Formulating Oil Palm Investment Decision in Tidal Wetlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Wildayana Elisa
Published: August 2020

The research aimed to formulate an investment decision for oil palm plantation in tidal wetlands of PulauRimau, Banyuasin South Sumatra Indonesia. The research summarized that Land productivity and input amount will determine some differences of each soil suitability (S1, S2 and S3). The more land suitability level is, the more Fresh Fruit Bunches of Oil Palm (FFB) productivity per ha is produced and the less input is given.  Net B/C Ratio, NPV and IRR for all land suitability classes are financially feasible for oil palm plantation development, however the most feasible and the most Expected Rate of Return (IRR) is in tidal wetlands with S1 land suitability (very suitable), followed by S2 (suitable) and S3 (marginally suitable). Sensitivity analysis to feasibility for three land suitability is still economically feasible to build and to develop oil palm plantation, especially in large scale, thus its decision for capital investment is suitable.
Assessment for Secondary School Students’ Experiences in Using Tablet in Classroom
Authors: Amer Mohammed Elmetwali Mohammed
Published: August 2020

The Egyptian government integrated tablets in Egyptian secondary schools. Thus, the researcher aimed to explore the effectiveness of using tablet in Egyptian secondary schools from the students’ perspective. He aimed to explore that in order to assess students’ experiences in this regard. He selected a random sample consisting from 745 female and male secondary school students in Egypt. Those students were selected from three schools. Questionnaire forms were distributed to those students by hand. All the distributed forms were retrieved. However, 9 forms were excluded due to missing data. Thus, 736 questionnaire forms are valid for analysis. It was found that tablet serves as an effective learning method in Egyptian secondary schools. It was found that using tablet in classroom improves students’ creative thinking skills and makes teachers more creative. It was found that using tablet in classroom enriches students’ vocabulary, improves their language skills and increases their academic achievement in classroom. It was found that such use can meet the learning needs of various types of learners. The researcher recommends conducting studies about the challenges facing teachers in using tablets in classroom.
Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Gamma-Irradiated Mutants of Rose (Rosa hybrida)
Authors: Ryu Jaihyunk , Kim Dong-Gun , Kim Jung Min , Lyu Jae Il , Jo Yeong Deuk , Kang Si-Yong , Kim Jin-Baek , Kim Sang Hoon
Published: August 2020

Roses are one of the most important floricultural crops, and their essential oils have long been used for cosmetics and aromatherapy. We investigated the volatile compound compositions of 12 flower-color mutant variants and their original cultivars. Twelve rose mutant genotypes were developed by treatment with 70 Gy of 60Co gamma irradiation of six commercial rose cultivars. Essential oils from the flowers of the 18 genotypes were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Seventy-seven volatile compounds were detected, which were categorized into five classes: hydrocarbons, terpenoids, alcohols, esters, and others. Hydrocarbons, alcohols, and esters were major components in all rose flowers. The mutant genotypes CR-S8 and CR-S9 showed higher contents of hydrocarbons than the original cultivar. In addition, CR-S1, CR-S3, and CR-S4 mutant genotypes showed higher ester contents than their original cultivar. Nonacosane, 2-methylhexacosane, and 2-methyltricosane were major volatile compounds among all genotypes. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the rose genotypes gave four groups according to grouping among the 77 volatile compounds. These findings will be useful for the selection of rose genotypes with improved volatile compounds.
Damping Behavior of Layered Aluminium and Aluminide Coatings on AISI 316 Austenitic Steel
Authors: Bonetti Ennio , Campari Enrico Gianfranco , Casagrande Angelo , Catania Giuseppe , Garzoni Andrea
Published: August 2020

Several coatings configurations of combined aluminizing and diffusion layered aluminide on 316 steel were produced and characterized. These coatings, typically employed as thermal barrier coating (TBC), can also be effective as vibration reduction elements at intermediate and high temperatures. This preliminary work has been focused on the microstructural design and processing effects of the coatings. The damping of the produced specimens was measured up to 450°C and compared with that of the steel substrate. The most performing coatings contain an Al-Si layer and exhibit a steep damping increase above 200 °C, reasonably due to dislocation movements by plastic straining of soft alloy layer and to the interface sliding between layers with different elastic moduli.
Modeling of Stochastic Temperature and Heat Stress directly underneath Agrivoltaic conditions with Orthosiphon Stamineus Crops Cultivation
Authors: Othman Noor Fadzlinda , Yaacob Mohammad Effendy , Mat Su Ahmad Suhaizi , Jaafar Juju Nakasha , Hizam Hashim , Shahidan Mohd Fairuz , Jamaluddin Ahmad Hakiim , Chen Guangnan , Jalaludin Adam
Published: August 2020

This paper shares some new information on the ambient temperature profile and the heat stress occurrences directly underneath ground-mounted Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Arrays (monocrystalline-based) focusing on different temperature levels. A common ground for this work lies on the fact that 10C increase of PV cell temperature results in reduction of 0.5% energy conversion efficiency thus any means of natural cooling mechanism would gain much benefit especially to the Solar Farm operators. Transpiration process plays an important role in the cooling of green plants where in average it could dissipate around 32.9% of the total solar energy absorbed by the leaf making it a good natural cooling mechanism. This condition is relatively applied for herbs specifically for this project, Orthosiphon Stamineus or generally known as Java Tea are used as the high value crops. The thermal process via convective heat and mass exchange of leaves with the environment is relevant for a better understanding of plant physiological processes in response to environmental conversion factors for a wide range of applications. An important fact for plant heat stress with respect to the Ambient temperature is that the range lies between 10 C to 15 C above the surrounding value. This heat stress condition is relatively important and should be modelled in crops-energy integration. Agrivoltaic concept is a system that combines commercial agriculture and photovoltaic electricity generation in the same space. The concept is in line with the Kyoto Protocol and the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG) which highlights the clean energy and sustainable urban living. The integration of agrivoltaic systems would optimize the yield, improving clean system efficiency and solving the issue of land resource sustainability. The PV bottom surface temperature are the main source of dissipated heat as shown in the thermal images recorded at 5 minutes interval at 3 sampling time. Statistical analysis shows that the Thermal correlations for transpiration process and heat stress occurrences between PV bottom surface and plant height will be an important finding for large scale plant cultivation in agrivoltaic farms.
Oncology Therapeutics Targeting the Metabolism of Amino Acids
Authors: Muhammad Nefertiti , Lee Hyun Min , Kim Jiyeon
Published: August 2020

Amino acid metabolism promotes cancer cell proliferation and survival by supporting building block synthesis, producing reducing agents to mitigate oxidative stress, and generating immunosuppressive metabolites for immune evasion. Malignant cells rewire amino acid metabolism to maximize their access to nutrients. Amino acid transporter expression is upregulated to acquire amino acids from the extracellular environment. Under nutrient depleted conditions, macropinocytosis can be activated where proteins from the extracellular environment are engulfed and degraded into the constituent amino acids. The demand for non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) can be met through de novo synthesis pathways. Cancer cells can alter various signaling pathways to boost amino acid usage for the generation of nucleotides, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging molecules and oncometabolites. The importance of amino acid metabolism in cancer proliferation makes it a potential target for therapeutic intervention, including via small molecules and antibodies. In this review, we will delineate the targets related to amino acid metabolism and promising therapeutic approaches.
Relationship between Climate Variables and New Daily COVID-19 Cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Mofijur M. , Rizwanul Fattah Islam Md , Saiful Islam A. B. M. , Ashrafur Rahman S.M. , Chowdhury Mohammad Asaduzzaman
Published: August 2020

The present study investigates the relationship between the transmission of COVID-19 infections and climate indicators in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, using coronavirus infections data available from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh. The Spearman-ranked correlation test was carried out to study the association of seven climate indicators, including humidity, air quality, minimum temperature, precipitation, maximum temperature, mean temperature and wind speed with the COVID-19 outbreak in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The study found that, among the seven indicators, only three indicators (air quality, minimum temperature and average temperature) have a significant relationship with new COVID-19 cases. The results of this paper will give health regulators and policymakers valuable information to lessen the COVID-19 infection in Dhaka and other countries around the world.
Physical Fitness, Exercise Self-Efficacy, and Quality of Life in Adulthood: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Medrano-Ureña Rocio , Ortega-Ruíz Rosario , Benítez-Sillero Juan de Dios
Published: August 2020

Background: The aim of the present work is the elaboration of a systematic review of existing research on physical fitness, self-efficacy for physical exercise, and quality of life in adulthood. Method: Using the PRISMA statement guidelines, and based on the findings in 396 articles, the final sample was composed of 31 articles, which were reviewed to show whether self-efficacy has previously been studied as a mediator in the relationship between physical fitness and quality of life in adulthood. Results: The results indicate that little research exists in relation to healthy, populations with the majority being people with pathology. Physical fitness should be considered as a fundamental aspect in determining the functional capacity of the person. Conclusions: We discuss the need to investigate the mediation of self-efficacy in relation to the value of physical activity on quality of life and well-being in the healthy adult population in adult life.
Impact of Covid-19 on Pharmacy Students in India
Authors: Goel Nancy , Haque Irfanul , Bhyan Sarita Jangra , Jain Aashi , Kumari Amrita , Hamid Kulsoom , Sreelakshmi M. , Thomas Besty , Chauhan Rashi
Published: August 2020

The world is suffering from the Coronavirus pandemic and is undergoing some drastic changes in day to day lives. The survey was conducted to analyze the situation of Pharmacy students in India. What are the types of challenges being faced by them during this lockdown due to the Pandemic COVID-19 and how are they getting adapted to the situations? A cross sectional survey was conducted via snowball sampling technique in which 226 participants submitted their response. The chief issue of concern to students was the change in the study pattern which has made the process much difficult for both the faculties and students. Online examination was also be reported as a point of concern. The normal life that we used to have is not acceptable in today’s scenario, hence, the institutions have to make the students more comfortable and adaptable towards the online studies and make the most out of it.
A Solution of the Interpretation Problem of Lorentz Transformations
Authors: Kalies Grit
Published: August 2020

For more than one hundred years, scientists dispute the correct interpretation of Lorentz transformations within the framework of the special theory of relativity of Albert Einstein. On the one hand, the changes in length, time and mass with increasing velocity are interpreted as apparent due to the observer dependence within special relativity. On the other hand, real changes are described corresponding to the experimental evidence of mass increase in particle accelerators or of clock delay. This ambiguity is accompanied by an ongoing controversy about valid Lorentz-transformed thermodynamic quantities such as entropy, pressure and temperature. In this paper is shown that the interpretation problem of the Lorentz transformations is genuinely anchored within the postulates of special relativity and can be solved on the basis of the thermodynamic approach of matter-energy equivalence, i.e. an energetic distinction between matter and mass. It is suggested that the velocity-dependent changes in state quantities are real in each case, in full agreement with the experimental evidence.
An SU(2) Gauge Principle for the CMB: Perspectives on Dark Sector of the Cosmological Model
Authors: Hofmann Ralf
Published: August 2020

We review consequences for the radiation and dark sectors of the cosmological model arising from the postulate that the CMB is governed by an SU(2) rather than a U(1) gauge principle. We also speculate on the possibility of actively assisted structure formation due to the de-percolation of lump-like configurations of condensed ultralight axions with a Peccei-Quinn scale comparable to the Planck mass. The chiral-anomaly induced potential of the axion condensate receives contributions from SU(2)/SU(3) Yang-Mills factors of hierarchically separated scales which act in a screened (reduced) way in confining phases.
Improving of Cherry Fruit Quality and Bearing Regularity by Chemical Thinning with Fertilizer
Authors: Kurlus Robert , Rutkowski Krzysztof , Łysiak Grzegorz P.
Published: August 2020

The study’s objective was to evaluate the influence of thinning on the quality and regularity of yield of 'Regina' cherries grown on a dwarf Gisela 5 rootstock. The experiments were conducted in the years 2009-2012 in Western Poland. Trees were thinned using a chemical agent, ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) at doses of 20g ATS × L-1, 30g ATS × L-1 and 40g ATS × L-1, and by hand, and the results of chemical and hand thinning were compared with those obtained for unthinned trees. The course of weather conditions in winter and during flowering had a significant impact on yield. Chemical thinning is known to be an effective method to regulate fruiting of pome trees, but it can also be successful if applied to cherry trees, as reflected by the alternate bearing index, which was the lowest after applying ATS at a dose of 40g. ATS treatment improved fruit quality in full crop years. Thinning resulted in, among other things, larger and darker fruit and higher content of total soluble solids and titratable acidity. Treatment with 40g ATS × L-1 significantly stimulated the vegetative growth of trees.
Efficacy of Non-Halofuginone-Based Strategies to Prevent or Treat Cryptosporidiosis in Bovine Calves: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brainard Julii , Hammer Charlotte C. , Tyler Kevin , Hunter Paul R.
Published: August 2020

Cryptosporidiosis is a common illness in young cattle that causes high morbidity and some mortality. A common prophylactic treatment are halofuginone products but it seems likely disease could be reduced by other other pharmacological products or some management strategies. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analyses on key outcomes for treatment of calves before and after 5 days of age with any management strategy, any nutritional strategy or any non-halofuginone product. A systematic literature search was undertaken with data extracted for outcomes = oocyst shedding, diarrhea, mortality and weight gain. Experiments had to describe results for same age animals in contemporary arms. Control animals had to be observed concurrently in planned experiments (pre-post and case-control studies were not eligible). Both randomized and other clinically controlled trials were eligible. Results were subgrouped by study design and outcomes were described in detail where at least two articles described the same treatment strategy. 55 articles were found. Significantly lower incidence of oocyst shedding, diarrhea burden and mortality was reported in many experimental arms, especially when animals started treatment before 5 days old. Weight gain was not mostly affected by treatment, however, by three weeks of age. The evidence base is at least encouraging but insufficient about paromomycin, bumped kinase inhibitors and azithromycin treatment, especially for diarrhea and oocyst shedding, given late or early. Azithromycin is the most promising of these.
Self-adaptive Biosystems Through Tunable Genetic Parts and Circuits
Authors: Bartoli Vittorio , di Bernardo Mario , Gorochowski Thomas E.
Published: August 2020

Biological systems often need to operate in complex environments where conditions can rapidly change. This is possible due to their inherent ability to sense changes and adapt by adjusting their behavior in response. Here, we detail recent advances in the creation of synthetic genetic parts and circuits whose behaviors can be dynamically tuned through a variety of intra- and extra-cellular signals. We show how this capability lays the foundation for implementing control engineering schemes in living cells and allows for the creation of biological systems that are able to self-adapt, ensuring their functionality is maintained in the face of varying environmental and physiological conditions. We end by discussing some of the broader implications of this technology for the safe deployment of synthetic biology.
The Genome in a Three-Dimensional Context: Deciphering the Contribution of Noncoding Mutations at Enhancers to Blood Cancer
Authors: Rovirosa-Mulet Llorenç , Ramos-Morales Alberto , Javierre Biola M.
Published: August 2020

Associations between blood cancer and genetic predisposition, including both inherited variants and acquired mutations and epimutations, have been well characterized. However, the majority of these variants affect noncoding regions, making their mechanisms difficult to hypothesize and hindering the translation of these insights into patient benefits. Fueled by unprecedented progress in next-generation sequencing and computational integrative analysis, studies have started applying combinations of epigenetic, genome architecture and functional assays to bridge the gap between noncoding variants and blood cancer. These complementary tools have not only allowed us to understand the potential malignant role of these variants but also to differentiate key variants, cell types and conditions from misleading ones. Here, we briefly review recent studies that have provided fundamental insights into our understanding of how noncoding mutations at enhancers predispose and promote blood malignancies in the context of spatial genome architecture.
Antioxidant Profile of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Containing Diverse Levels of Capsaicinoids
Authors: Palma José M. , Terán Fátima , Contreras-Ruiz Alba , Rodríguez-Ruiz Marta , Corpas Francisco J
Published: August 2020

Capsicum is the genus where a number of species and varieties have pungent features due to the exclusive content of capsaicinoids such as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. In this work, the main enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems in pepper fruits from four varieties with different pungent capacity has been investigated at two ripening stages. Thus, a sweet pepper variety (Melchor) from California type fruits, and three autochthonous Spanish varieties were used, including Piquillo, Padrón and Alegría riojana. The capsaicinoids contents were determined in pericarp and placenta from fruits showing that these phenyl-propanoids were mainly localized in placenta. The activity profile of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD, total and isoenzymatic), the enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AGC) and four NADP-dehydrogenases indicate that some interaction with the capsaicinoid metabolism seems to occur. Among the results obtained on enzymatic antioxidant, the role of an Fe-SOD and the glutathione reductase from the AGC is highlighted. Additionally, it was found that ascorbate and glutathione content were higher in those pepper fruits which displayed the greater contents of capsacinoids. Taken together, all these data indicate that antioxidants may contribute to preserve capsaicinoids metabolism to maintain their functionality in a framework where NADPH is perhaps playing an essential role.
SARS-CoV-2 and Covid-19 Immunopathogenesis
Authors: Boechat Antonio Luiz , Pessoa Beatriz , Soares Carlos , Barroso Cecília , Vila David , Barbosa Emanuelly , Seffair Isabela , Melo João Victor , Becil Julia , Rebouças Maria Polyanna , Rodrigues Natascha , Freitas Pedro Henrique , Rocha Rebeka , Rodrigues Thaise , Ferreira Vanessa , Ubiera Rosmery , Dos-Santos Maria Cristina
Published: August 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a global pandemic caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Unlike other known coronaviruses, such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 reveals new clinical, immunological, and pathologic features. The lymphocyte depletion, macrophage and neutrophil hyperactivation, cytokine dysregulation, thrombophilia, delayed antiviral response, and immune exhaustion are key immunological findings linked to the clinical progression of this disease. Understanding and identifying the underlying immunological basis of COVID-19 is crucial to designing effective therapies. Here, we provide an overview of immunopathogenesis driven by SARS-CoV-2 after its interactions with the immune system.
Effects of Long Term Selection in the Border Collie Dog Breed: Inbreeding Purge of Canine Hip and Elbow Dysplasia
Authors: Ács Virág , Kövér György , Farkas János , Bokor Árpád , Nagy István
Published: August 2020

Pedigree data of 13 339 border collie dog was collected along with hip and elbow dysplasia records (1352 CHD and 524 CED), and an inbreeding-purging (IP) model was created to detect possible purging. Ancestral inbreeding coefficients were calculated by gene dropping simulation method (Ballou, 1997; Kalinowski, 2000) with GRain 2.0 (Baumung et al., 2015) software. GLMM models were created to the examined traits fitted with a log-link Poisson distribution, added to the estimated values of classical inbreeding coefficient (F_W), and the ancestral inbreeding (F_BAL, F_KAL, F_KAL_NEW) as covariates. The effective population size decreased in the examined period along with the increase of F_W however, slight differences were found as a consequence of breeding dog imports. CHD values were getting lower by the expansion of F_BAL as the alleles were inbred in the past. For CHD signs of purging were obtained. There was a positive trend regarding the breeding activity (both sire and dam of the future litters should be screened and certified free from CHD and CED), as years of selection increased the frequency of alleles with favorable hip and elbow conformation. Division of the ancestral inbreeding coefficient shows that alleles IBD for the first time (F_KAL_NEW) had a negative effect on both traits, while F_KAL shows favorable results for alleles IBD in the past generations. Some authors had proven this phenomenon in captive populations or experimental conditions however, no evidence of inbreeding purge has ever been described in dog populations. Despite the various breeding practices, it seems, that alleles of these polygenic disorders could be successfully purged out of the population with long term selection.
Household Representative Sample Strategy for COVID-19 Large-Scale Population Screening
Authors: Takyi-Williams John
Published: August 2020

In the advent of COVID-19 pandemic, testing is highly essential to be able to isolate, treat infected persons, and finally curb transmission of this infectious respiratory disease. Group testing has been used previously for various infectious diseases and recently reported for large-scale population testing of COVID-19. However, possible sample dilution as a result of large pool sizes has been reported, limiting testing methods’ detection sensitivity. Moreover, the need to sample all individuals prior to pooling overburden the limited resources such as test kits. An alternative proposed strategy where test is performed on pooled samples from individuals representing different households is presented here. This strategy intends to improve group testing method through the reduction in the number of samples collected and pooled during large-scale population testing. Moreover, it introduces database system which enables continuous monitoring of the population’s virus exposure for better decision making.
HIV and Human Coronavirus Coinfections: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Makoti Palesa , Fielding Burtram C.
Published: August 2020

Seven human coronaviruses are known to infect humans. The most recent one, SARS-CoV-2, was isolated and identified in January 2020 from a patient presenting with severe respiratory illness in Wuhan, China. Even though viral coinfections have the potential to influence the resultant disease pattern in the host, very few studies have looked at the disease outcomes in patients infected with both HIV and hCoVs. Groups are now reporting that even though HIV-positive patients can be infected with hCoVs, the likelihood of developing severe CoV-related diseases in these patients is often similar to what is seen in the general population. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge of coinfections reported for the HIV and hCoVs. Also, based on the available data, this review aimed to theorize why HIV-positive patients do not frequently develop severe CoV-related diseases.
Design Is How We Change the World! Can We Do It in Socially, Environmentally and Economically Acceptable Ways? Synthesizing Design Tools for This Utopian Concept
Authors: Ponnambalam Kumaraswamy , Seifi Abbas , Mousavi Jamshid
Published: August 2020

Since the beginning, humans advanced their civilization by making better tools to improve their lives. Tools and products for better living were designed considering engineering (manufacturing) issues and cost (time and money as predominant criteria). It has become clear that not considering environment and society, both at local/global levels, has now become a major impediment affecting living conditions of large parts of earth and society. Design methodologies should lead to creative solutions considering engineering and economics for practicality but also environmental and social constraints for longevity. We propose a comprehensive design methodology based on multidisciplinary design for including the knowledge of humanities, and science and engineering and allowing for experts from these areas to provide various necessary inputs. For example, experts in humanities are expected to interact with stakeholders to evaluate their value systems to provide guidance for the design. The methodology that we synthesize is new and combines (i) Societal level impacts at all scales, (ii) Environmental impacts and (iii) Engineering design with economic impacts, including the consideration of uncertainties. The proposed Social-Environmental-Economical-Engineering-based-design Framework (SEEEF) can utilize tools such as circular design, donut economics, design based on environmental life cycle analysis, among others. SEEEF is quantity based and provide steps for evaluating any project or product in an objective manner and will help train engineers in design for sustainability and provide non-engineers a significant role in design and to increase their understanding of the hard constraints of engineering. Ultimately, SEEEF allows society to take an informed decision considering short/long term and local/global impacts much of which are affected by uncertainty.
Analisis Pemetaan Arah Kiblat Masjid dan Musola di Kecamatan Bandung Wetan Kota Bandung
Authors: Hamdani Fahmi Fatwa Rosyadi Satria
Published: August 2020

Saat ini, arah kiblat beberapa bangunan masjid dan musola di masyarakat masih menyimpang dari Ka'bah, terutama bangunan masjid dan musola di Kecamatan Wetan Bandung, Kota Bandung perlu diverifikasi ulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemetaan arah masjid dan musola di Kecamatan Wetan Bandung, Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang dihasilkan dari observasi lapangan, kemudian menganalisanya dengan teknik analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman, baik dengan mereduksi data yang dihasilkan dari pengukuran arah kiblat, menyajikan data tentang penyimpangan dalam arah kiblat, dan menarik kesimpulan. . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 70,1% masjid / musola menyimpang ke arah kiblat di bawah 1 derajat, sedangkan sisanya 29,9% di atas 1 derajat dengan penyimpangan terjauh dari arah kiblat 7 derajat 6 menit.

Kata Kunci:  Kiblat, Masjid, Musola, Ka’bah.