bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Dependent Structure and Stability of Cu(111) in Neutral Phosphate Electrolyte
Authors: Grunder Yvonne , Beane Jack , Kolodziej Adam , Lucas Christopher A. , Rodriguez Paramaconi
Published: February 2019

Copper and copper oxide electrode surfaces are suitable for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and produce a range of products, with the product selectivity being strongly influenced by the surface structure of the copper electrode. In this paper, we present in-situ surface X-ray diffraction studies on Cu(111) electrodes in neutral phosphate buffered electrolyte solution. The underlying mechanism of the phosphate adsorption and deprotonation of the (di)-hydrogen phosphate is accompanied by a roughening of the copper surface. A change in morphology of the copper surface induced by a roughening process caused by the formation of a mixed copper–oxygen layer could also be observed. The stability of the Cu(111) surface and the change of morphology upon potential cycling strongly depends on the preparation method and history of the electrode. The presence of copper islands on the surface of the Cu(111) electrode leads to irreversible changes in surface morphology via a 3D Cu growth mechanism.
Mobilizing Water Actors and Bodies of Knowledge. The Multi-Scalar Movement against the Río Grande Dam in Málaga, Spain
Authors: Duarte Abadía Bibiana , Boelens Rutgerd , du Pré Lucas
Published: February 2019

Just as in other parts of Spain, the Guadalhorce Valley, Málaga, has a long history of policies based on ‘hydraulic utopianism’ (regenerationist and Franco-ist), bent on ‘reorganizing’ political, geographic, and human nature. Residents of the neighboring sub-basin, the Río Grande valley, have seen how these policies, designed to transfer rural water to modern urban centers, have turned the Guadalhorce hydrosocial territory into a ‘hydraulic dystopia’. In this article, we examine how Río Grande valley residents mobilized to maintain control over the development and use of their resources, livelihoods, and knowledge systems, when modernist-urbanist policies planned to take their water from a major dam on the Río Grande. Interviewing actors at different scales we examined how this anti-dam movement organized massively in a creative, multi-actor, and multi-scale network. Our results also show that this unified, successful fight against the ‘common enemy’, the mega-hydraulic construction, has become more complex, as threats crop up not only from the ‘city over there’ but also from ‘internal’ hydro-territorial transformations. These sprout from policies to modernize traditional irrigation systems, supposedly to ‘save water’, but critical voices assume that it is all about passing on the ‘surplus’ to Málaga city, or using that water to expand agribusiness. We conclude that the challenge lies in critically integrating multiple forms of knowledge, stakeholders, and scales to both defend collective water management and creatively construct anti-hegemonic alternatives.
Incentive schemes to increase dementia diagnoses in primary care in England: a retrospective cohort study of unintended consequences
Authors: Liu Dan , Green Emily , Kasteridis Panagiotis , Goddard Maria , Jacobs Rowena , Wittenberg Raphael , Mason Anne
Published: February 2019

Background

The UK government introduced two financial incentive schemes for primary care to tackle underdiagnosis in dementia: the 3-year Directed Enhanced Service 18 (DES18) and the 6-month Dementia Identification Scheme (DIS). The schemes appear to have been effective in boosting dementia diagnosis rates, but their unintended effects are unknown.

Aim

To identify and quantify unintended consequences associated with the DES18 and DIS schemes.

Design and setting

A retrospective cohort quantitative study of 7079 English primary care practices.

Method

Potential unintended effects of financial incentive schemes, both positive and negative, were identified from a literature review. A practice-level dataset covering the period 2006/2007 to 2015/2016 was constructed. Difference-in-differences analysis was employed to test the effects of the incentive schemes on quality measures from the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF); and four measures of patient experience from the GP Patient Survey (GPPS): patient-centred care, access to care, continuity of care, and the doctor–patient relationship. The researchers controlled for effects of the contemporaneous hospital incentive scheme for dementia and for practice characteristics.

Results

National practice participation rates in DES18 and DIS were 98.5% and 76% respectively. Both schemes were associated not only with a positive impact on QOF quality outcomes, but also with negative impacts on some patient experience indicators.

Conclusion

The primary care incentive schemes for dementia appear to have enhanced QOF performance for the dementia review, and have had beneficial spillover effects on QOF performance in other clinical areas. However, the schemes may have had negative impacts on several aspects of patient experience.
HAWC+/SOFIA Multiwavelength Polarimetric Observations of OMC-1
Authors: Chuss David T. , Andersson B-G , Bally John , Dotson Jessie L. , Darren Dowell C. , Guerra Jordan A. , Harper Doyal A. , Houde Martin , Jay Jones Terry , Lazarian A. , Lopez Rodriguez Enrique , Michail Joseph M. , Morris Mark R. , Novak Giles , Siah Javad , Staguhn Johannes , Vaillancourt John E. , Volpert C. G. , Werner Michael , Wollack Edward J. , Benford Dominic J. , Berthoud Marc , Cox Erin G. , Crutcher Richard , Dale Daniel A. , Fissel L. M. , Goldsmith Paul F. , Hamilton Ryan T. , Hanany Shaul , Henning Thomas K. , Looney Leslie W. , Harvey Moseley S. , Santos Fabio P. , Stephens Ian , Tassis Konstantinos , Trinh Christopher Q. , Van Camp Eric , Ward-Thompson Derek ,   (HAWC + Science Team)
Published: February 2019

We report new polarimetric and photometric maps of the massive star-forming region OMC-1 using the HAWC+ instrument on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. We present continuum polarimetric and photometric measurements of this region at 53, 89, 154, and 214 μm at angular resolutions of 5″, 8″, 14″, and 19″ for the four bands, respectively. The photometric maps enable the computation of improved spectral energy distributions for the region. We find that at the longer wavelengths, the inferred magnetic field configuration matches the “hourglass” configuration seen in previous studies, indicating magnetically regulated star formation. The field morphology differs at the shorter wavelengths. The magnetic field inferred at these wavelengths traces the bipolar structure of the explosive Becklin–Neugebauer/Kleinman–Low outflow emerging from OMC-1 behind the Orion Nebula. Using statistical methods to estimate the field strength in the region, we find that the explosion dominates the magnetic field near the center of the feature. Farther out, the magnetic field is close to energetic equilibrium with the ejecta and may be providing confinement to the explosion. The correlation between polarization fraction and the local polarization angle dispersion indicates that the depolarization as a function of unpolarized intensity is a result of intrinsic field geometry as opposed to decreases in grain alignment efficiency in denser regions.
The First Tidal Disruption Flare in ZTF: From Photometric Selection to Multi-wavelength Characterization
Authors: van Velzen Sjoert , Gezari Suvi , Cenko S. Bradley , Kara Erin , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Hung Tiara , Bright Joe , Roth Nathaniel , Blagorodnova Nadejda , Huppenkothen Daniela , Yan Lin , Ofek Eran , Sollerman Jesper , Frederick Sara , Ward Charlotte , Graham Matthew J. , Fender Rob , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Canella Chris , Stein Robert , Giomi Matteo , Brinnel Valery , Santen Jakob van , Nordin Jakob , Bellm Eric C. , Dekany Richard , Fremling Christoffer , Golkhou V. Zach , Kupfer Thomas , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Laher Russ R. , Mahabal Ashish , Masci Frank J. , Miller Adam A. , Neill James D. , Riddle Reed , Rigault Mickael , Rusholme Ben , Soumagnac Maayane T. , Tachibana 優太 Yutaro 朗橘
Published: February 2019

We present Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) observations of the tidal disruption flare AT2018zr/PS18kh reported by Holoien et al. and detected during ZTF commissioning. The ZTF light curve of the tidal disruption event (TDE) samples the rise-to-peak exceptionally well, with 50 days of g- and r-band detections before the time of maximum light. We also present our multi-wavelength follow-up observations, including the detection of a thermal (kT ≈ 100 eV) X-ray source that is two orders of magnitude fainter than the contemporaneous optical/UV blackbody luminosity, and a stringent upper limit to the radio emission. We use observations of 128 known active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to assess the quality of the ZTF astrometry, finding a median host-flare distance of 0.″2 for genuine nuclear flares. Using ZTF observations of variability from known AGNs and supernovae we show how these sources can be separated from TDEs. A combination of light-curve shape, color, and location in the host galaxy can be used to select a clean TDE sample from multi-band optical surveys such as ZTF or the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
Submillimeter Polarization Spectrum of the Carina Nebula
Authors: Shariff Jamil A. , Ade Peter A. R. , Angilè Francesco E. , Ashton Peter , Benton Steven J. , Devlin Mark J. , Dober Bradley , Fissel Laura M. , Fukui Yasuo , Galitzki Nicholas , Gandilo Natalie N. , Klein Jeffrey , Korotkov Andrei L. , Li Zhi-Yun , Martin Peter G. , Matthews Tristan G. , Moncelsi Lorenzo , Nakamura Fumitaka , Netterfield Calvin B. , Novak Giles , Pascale Enzo , Poidevin Frédérick , Santos Fabio P. , Savini Giorgio , Scott Douglas , Soler Juan Diego , Thomas Nicholas E. , Tucker Carole E. , Tucker Gregory S. , Ward-Thompson Derek
Published: February 2019

Linear polarization maps of the Carina Nebula were obtained at 250, 350, and 500 μm during the 2012 flight of the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry (BLASTPol). These measurements are combined with Planck 850 μm data in order to produce a submillimeter spectrum of the polarization fraction of the dust emission, averaged over the cloud. This spectrum is flat to within ±15% (relative to the 350 μm polarization fraction). In particular, there is no evidence for a pronounced minimum of the spectrum near 350 μm, as suggested by previous ground-based measurements of other molecular clouds. This result of a flat polarization spectrum in Carina is consistent with recently published BLASTPol measurements of the Vela C molecular cloud and also agrees with a published model for an externally illuminated, dense molecular cloud by Bethell and collaborators. The shape of the spectrum in Carina does not show any dependence on the radiative environment of the dust, as quantified by the Planck-derived dust temperature or dust optical depth at 353 GHz.
Cross-correlating Carbon Monoxide Line-intensity Maps with Spectroscopic and Photometric Galaxy Surveys
Authors: Chung Dongwoo T. , Viero Marco P. , Church Sarah E. , Wechsler Risa H. , Alvarez Marcelo A. , Bond J. Richard , Breysse Patrick C. , Cleary Kieran A. , Eriksen Hans K. , Foss Marie K. , Gundersen Joshua O. , Harper Stuart E. , T. Ihle Håvard , Keating Laura C. , Murray Norman , Padmanabhan Hamsa , Stein George F. , Wehus Ingunn K. ,   (COMAP Collaboration)
Published: February 2019

Line-intensity mapping is an emerging field of observational work, with strong potential to fit into a larger effort to probe large-scale structure and small-scale astrophysical phenomena using multiple complementary tracers. Taking full advantage of such complementarity means, in part, undertaking line-intensity surveys with galaxy surveys in mind. We consider the potential for detection of a cross-correlation signal between COMAP and blind surveys based on photometric redshifts (as in COSMOS) or based on spectroscopic data (as with the HETDEX survey of Lyα emitters). We find that obtaining

accuracy in redshifts and ≳10−4 sources per Mpc3 with spectroscopic redshift determination should enable a CO-galaxy cross spectrum detection significance at least twice that of the CO auto spectrum. Either a future targeted spectroscopic survey or a blind survey like HETDEX may be able to meet both of these requirements.
1-OGC: The First Open Gravitational-wave Catalog of Binary Mergers from Analysis of Public Advanced LIGO Data
Authors: Nitz Alexander H. , Capano Collin , Nielsen Alex B. , Reyes Steven , White Rebecca , Brown Duncan A. , Krishnan Badri
Published: February 2019

We present the first Open Gravitational-wave Catalog, obtained by using the public data from Advanced LIGO’s first observing run to search for compact-object binary mergers. Our analysis is based on new methods that improve the separation between signals and noise in matched-filter searches for gravitational waves from the merger of compact objects. The three most significant signals in our catalog correspond to the binary black hole mergers GW150914, GW151226, and LVT151012. We assume a common population of binary black holes for these three signals by defining a region of parameter space that is consistent with these events. Under this assumption, we find that LVT151012 has a 97.6% probability of being astrophysical in origin. No other significant binary black hole candidates are found, nor did we observe any significant binary neutron star or neutron star–black hole candidates. We make available our complete catalog of events, including the subthreshold population of candidates.
Electron Distribution and Energy Release in Magnetic Reconnection Outflow Regions during the Pre-impulsive Phase of a Solar Flare
Authors: Battaglia Marina , Kontar Eduard P. , Motorina Galina
Published: February 2019

We present observations of electron energization in magnetic reconnection outflows during the pre-impulsive phase of solar flare SOL2012-07-19T05:58. During a time-interval of about 20 minutes, starting 40 minutes before the onset of the impulsive phase, two X-ray sources were observed in the corona, one above the presumed reconnection region and one below. For both of these sources, the mean electron distribution function as a function of time is determined over an energy range from 0.1 keV up to several tens of keV, for the first time. This is done by simultaneous forward fitting of X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) data. Imaging spectroscopy with RHESSI provides information on the high-energy tail of the electron distribution in these sources while EUV images from SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly are used to constrain the low specific electron energies. The measured electron distribution spectrum in the magnetic reconnection outflows is consistent with a time-evolving kappa-distribution with κ = 3.5–5.5. The spectral evolution suggests that electrons are accelerated to progressively higher energies in the source above the reconnection region, while in the source below, the spectral shape does not change but an overall increase of the emission measure is observed, suggesting density increase due to evaporation. The main mechanisms by which energy is transported away from the source regions are conduction and free-streaming electrons. The latter dominates by more than one order of magnitude and is comparable to typical nonthermal energies during the hard X-ray peak of solar flares, suggesting efficient acceleration even during this early phase of the event.
The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: The Frequency Dependence of Pulse Jitter in Precision Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Lam M. T. , McLaughlin M. A. , Arzoumanian Z. , Blumer H. , Brook P. R. , Cromartie H. T. , Demorest P. B. , DeCesar M. E. , Dolch T. , Ellis J. A. , Ferdman R. D. , Ferrara E. C. , Fonseca E. , Garver-Daniels N. , Gentile P. A. , Jones M. L. , Lorimer D. R. , Lynch R. S. , Ng C. , Nice D. J. , Pennucci T. T. , Ransom S. M. , Spiewak R. , Stairs I. H. , Stovall K. , Swiggum J. K. , Vigeland S. J. , Zhu W. W.
Published: February 2019

Low-frequency gravitational-wave experiments require the highest timing precision from an array of the most stable millisecond pulsars. Several known sources of noise on short timescales in single radio pulsar observations are well described by a simple model of three components: template fitting from a finite signal-to-noise ratio, pulse phase/amplitude jitter from single-pulse stochasticity, and scintillation errors from short-timescale interstellar scattering variations. Currently template-fitting errors dominate, but as radio telescopes push toward higher signal-to-noise ratios, jitter becomes the next dominant term for most millisecond pulsars. Understanding the statistics of jitter becomes crucial for properly characterizing arrival time uncertainties. We characterize the radio frequency dependence of jitter using data on 48 pulsars in the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves timing program. We detect significant jitter in 43 of the pulsars and test several functional forms for its frequency dependence; we find significant frequency dependence for 30 pulsars. We find moderate correlations of rms jitter with pulse width (R = 0.62) and number of profile components (R = 0.40); the single-pulse rms jitter is typically ≈1% of pulse phase. The average frequency dependence for all pulsars using a power-law model has index −0.42. We investigate the jitter variations for the interpulse of PSR B1937+21 and find no significant deviations from the main pulse rms jitter. We also test the time variation of jitter in two pulsars and find that systematics likely bias the results for high-precision pulsars. Pulsar timing array analyses must properly model jitter as a significant component of the noise within the detector.
Constraining the Rate of Protostellar Accretion Outbursts in the Orion Molecular Clouds
Authors: Fischer William J. , Safron Emily , Megeath S. Thomas
Published: February 2019

Outbursts due to dramatic increases in the mass accretion rate are the most extreme type of variability in young stellar objects. We searched for outbursts among 319 protostars in the Orion molecular clouds by comparing 3.6, 4.5, and 24 μm photometry from the Spitzer Space Telescope to 3.4, 4.6, and 22 μm photometry from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) obtained ∼6.5 yr apart. Sources that brightened by more than two standard deviations above the mean variability at all three wavelengths were marked as burst candidates, and they were inspected visually to check for false positives due primarily to the reduced angular resolution of WISE compared to Spitzer. We recovered the known burst V2775 Ori (HOPS 223) as well as a previously unknown burst, HOPS 383, which we announced in an earlier paper. No other outbursts were found. With observations over 6.5 yr, we estimate an interval of about 1000 yr between bursts with a 90% confidence interval of 690–40,300 yr. The most likely burst interval is shorter than those found in studies of optically revealed young stellar objects, suggesting that outbursts are more frequent in protostars than in pre-main-sequence stars that lack substantial envelopes.
The Two Most Recent Thermonuclear Supernovae in the Local Group: Radio Constraints on their Progenitors and Evolution
Authors: Sarbadhicary Sumit K. , Chomiuk Laura , Badenes Carles , Tremou Evangelia , Soderberg Alicia M. , Sjouwerman Loránt O.
Published: February 2019

Young supernova remnants (SNRs) provide a unique perspective on supernova (SN) progenitors and connect the late evolution of SNe with the onset of the SNR phase. Here we study SN 1885A and G1.9+0.3, the most recent thermonuclear SNe in the Local Group (with ages ∼100 yr) with radio data, which provide a sensitive probe of the SN environment and energetics. We reduce and co-add 4–8 GHz observations from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to produce the deepest radio image of the central region of M31 (rms noise of 1.3 μJy beam−1 at 6.2 GHz). We detect some diffuse emission near SN 1885A at 2.6σ, but the association with SN 1885A is uncertain because diffuse radio emission pervades M31's central region. Accounting for this diffuse emission, we get a 3σ upper limit of 11 μJy for SN 1885A, about four times less luminous than G1.9+0.3 at 6.2 GHz. Together with Hubble Space Telescope data on SN 1885A, we estimate its ambient density, n
0 < 0.04 cm−3 (±0.03 cm−3 due to systematics), and constrain the joint kinetic energy–ejecta mass parameter space. For G1.9+0.3, archival VLA observations yielded n
0 = 0.18 cm−3. We synthesize the multi-wavelength data on SN 1885A to argue that it is likely the product of a sub-Chandrasekhar explosion, while G1.9+0.3 appears consistent with both Chandrasekhar and sub-Chandrasekhar SN Ia models.
The Synthetic ALMA Multiband Analysis of the Dust Properties of the TW Hya Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Kim Seongjoong , Nomura Hideko , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Kawabe Ryohei , Muto Takayuki
Published: February 2019

Analyzing multiband observations of dust continuum emission is one of the useful tools to constrain dust properties that help us to understand the physical properties of the protoplanetary disks. We perform a synthetic ALMA multiband analysis to find the best ALMA band set for constraining the dust properties of the TW Hya disk. We find that the Band [10, 6, 3] set is the best set among the possible combinations of ALMA Bands [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. We also find two conditions for the good ALMA band sets providing narrow constraint ranges on dust properties: (1) Band 9 or 10 is included in the band set, and (2) there are enough frequency intervals between the bands. These are related to the conditions that give good constraints on dust properties: the combination of optically thick and thin bands is required, and large β (β is the power-law index of dust opacity, κ

ν
 ∝ ν

β
) and low dust temperature are preferable. To examine our synthetic analysis results, we apply the multiband analysis to ALMA archival data of the TW Hya disk at Bands 4, 6, 7, and 9. The Band [9, 6, 4] set provides the dust properties close to the model profile, while the Band [7, 6, 4] set gives the dust properties deviating from the model at all radii with too broad a constraint range to specify the accurate values of dust temperature, optical depth, and β. Since these features are expected by the synthetic multiband analysis, we confirm that the synthetic multiband analysis is consistent with the results derived from real data.
Predictions of the WFIRST Microlensing Survey. I. Bound Planet Detection Rates
Authors: Penny Matthew T. , Scott Gaudi B. , Kerins Eamonn , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Mao Shude , Robin Annie C. , Calchi Novati Sebastiano
Published: February 2019

The Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is the next NASA astrophysics flagship mission, to follow the James Webb Space Telescope. The WFIRST mission was chosen as the top-priority large space mission of the 2010 astronomy and astrophysics decadal survey in order to achieve three primary goals: to study dark energy via a wide-field imaging survey, to study exoplanets via a microlensing survey, and to enable a guest observer program. Here we assess the ability of the several WFIRST designs to achieve the goal of the microlensing survey to discover a large sample of cold, low-mass exoplanets with semimajor axes beyond roughly one astronomical unit, which are largely impossible to detect with any other technique. We present the results of a suite of simulations that span the full range of the proposed WFIRST architectures, from the original design envisioned by the decadal survey, to the current design, which utilizes a 2.4 m telescope donated to NASA. By studying such a broad range of architectures, we are able to determine the impact of design trades on the expected yields of detected exoplanets. In estimating the yields we take particular care to ensure that our assumed Galactic model predicts microlensing event rates that match observations, consider the impact that inaccuracies in the Galactic model might have on the yields, and ensure that numerical errors in light-curve computations do not bias the yields for the smallest-mass exoplanets. For the nominal baseline WFIRST design and a fiducial planet mass function, we predict that a total of ∼1400 bound exoplanets with mass greater than ∼0.1 M
⊕ should be detected, including ∼200 with mass ≲3 M
⊕. WFIRST should have sensitivity to planets with mass down to ∼0.02 M
⊕, or roughly the mass of Ganymede.
Dusty Outflows in Planetary Atmospheres: Understanding “Super-puffs” and Transmission Spectra of Sub-Neptunes
Authors: Wang Lile , Dai Fei
Published: February 2019

“Super-puffs” are planets with anomalously low mean densities (

). With a low surface gravity, the extended atmosphere is susceptible to extreme hydrodynamic mass loss (“boil-off”) on a timescale that is much shorter than the system’s age. Even more puzzling, super-puffs are estimated to have a scale height of

, yet recent observations revealed completely flat transmission spectra for Kepler 51b and 51d. We investigate a new scenario that explains both observations: non-static outflowing (

) atmospheres that carry very small dust grains (∼10 Å in size,

in mass fraction) to high altitudes (

). Dust at high altitudes inflates the observed transit radius of the planet while flattening the transmission spectra. Previous static atmospheric models struggle to achieve cloud elevation and production of photochemical haze at such high altitudes. We propose to test this scenario by extending the wavelength coverage of transmission spectra. If true, dusty atmospheric outflows may affect many young (

), low-mass (

) exoplanets, thereby limiting our ability to study the atmospheric composition in transmission, and inflate the observed transit radius of a planet, hence obscuring the underlying mass–radius relationship.
A new species of Platygaster (Hymenoptera, Platygastroidea) from India with an unusual antenna
Authors: Popovici Ovidiu Alin , Kamalanathan Veenakumari , Mitroiu Mircea-Dan
Published: February 2019

A new species,PlatygasterharpagocerasPopovici & Veenakumari, is described from India. The most unusual features of this species are the acuminate shape of the last antennomere and the 9-merous antenna in both sexes. The male and female are described and illustrated with brightfield and scanning electron microscopy. We provide a comparative analysis of the acuminate distal antennomere in the superfamily Chalcidoidea, including several genera of Pteromalidae (CallitulaSpinola,HomoporusThomson,NorbanusWalker,RhaphitelusWalker).
Review of the ant genus Anochetus Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China, with revival of the valid status of Anochetus gracilis
Authors: Chen Zhilin , Yang Zhigang , Zhou Shanyi
Published: February 2019

Eight species of the ant genusAnochetusare recognized in China:A.graeffeiMayr,A.lanyuensisLeong et al.,A.longussp. n.,A.madarasziMayr,A.mixtusRadchenko,A.medogensissp. n.,A.risiiForel,A.subcoecusForel.A.taiwaniensisTerayama, 1989 is proposed as a junior synonym ofA.risiiForel, 1900.AnochetusgracilisKaravaiev, 1925 is restored from synonymy ofA.risii. A key based on the worker caste is provided for the Chinese species.
First detection of the samurai wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), in Canada
Authors: Abram Paul K. , Talamas Elijah J. , Acheampong Susanna , Mason Peter G. , Gariepy Tara D.
Published: February 2019

We report the first detection of Trissolcusjaponicus, an exotic Asian egg parasitoid and the primary candidate for classical biological control of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorphahalys, in Canada. Twenty-eight Trissolcusjaponicus emerged from an H.halys egg mass from a site heavily infested by H.halys in Chilliwack, British Columbia, in 2018. This egg mass was deployed and retrieved as part of ongoing sentinel egg mass surveys for natural enemies of H.halys from 2017–2018 in coastal and interior British Columbia (total of 1,496 egg clusters at 16 sites). The identification of T.japonicus was based on biology (high levels of successful emergence from H.halys eggs), morphology, and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Trissolcusjaponicus was not detected at any other survey sites in 2017–2018; however, three species of indigenous egg parasitoids were found attending or emerging from H.halys egg masses at low levels (<4%) at several sites. The origin of the detected T.japonicus, the extent of its establishment in British Columbia, and its ultimate impact on H.halys populations remain to be determined. Nonetheless, the detection of this exotic biological control agent in Canada concurrently with regulatory review of its intentional importation and release is emblematic of the current uncertainty around regulatory control on the movement of biological control agents across borders.
First host record and morphological notes on the rare Chilean wasp Vervoortihelcon scaramozzinoi van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae, Vervoortihelconini)
Authors: Quicke Donald L.J. , Ward Darren F. , Butcher Buntika A.
Published: February 2019

The first host record for Vervoortihelcon scaramozzinoi van Achterberg, 1998 is presented and additional notes on its morphology are provided and illustrated. The species is recorded as parasitizing the cerambycid beetle Stenorhopalus rubiginus in Podocarpus L’Hér ex Pers (Podocarpaceae). The metasomal carapace is shown to be sexually dimorphic and comprising 4 tergites in females but 5 in males. Some aspects of metasomal sculpture are reported as being variable and others highly consistent between individuals and differing somewhat from the original description.
Exposer une ville : Bruxelles et ses portraits subjectifs
Authors: Reverseau Anne
Published: February 2019

À partir du premier volet de la trilogie d’expositions sur Bruxelles proposée par la CENTRALE for Contemporary Art, BXL Universel, nous nous proposons de réfléchir à ce qu’est une « exposition-portrait de ville ». L’exposition de 2017 répondait au défi d’exposer une ville en faisant de Bruxelles un « port d’attache créatif », en montrant la continuité entre son passé et son actualité et en en faisant des portraits aussi divers que subjectifs. L’exposition conçue par Carine Fol est mise en perspective, à la fois dans le contexte des autres expositions consacrées à Bruxelles ces dernières années et dans les recherches récentes sur les portraits de territoires. Cet article entend ainsi poser les bases d’une réflexion sur les expositions-portraits de ville en général et proposer plusieurs pistes concernant la spécificité de Bruxelles comme ville exposée, en insistant notamment sur le poids du folklore, du regard étranger et des dynamiques collectives.
Economic Rationality and Rational Credence
Authors: Carrera Edgar J. Sanchez , Lara Jose Ma Gonzalez
Published: February 2019

The aim of this article is to show that rational maximizer agents, i.e. economic rationality, do not parsimoniously with rational credence, i.e. agents preferences driven by beliefs, traditions, idiosyncrasy, culture and/or customs depending on the social state representing a possible credence. The authors formulate a model on rational behavior, where either an economic and/or credence rationality results in the expected referential payoff of a rational preference driven by beliefs is not necessarily the optimal one in terms of having the largest payoff. Hence, the authors show the relationship between the expected payoff and instrumental or credence payoffs of choices, and what justifies choosing the latter when, ultimately, it is the former that maximizes your payoff. Finally, the authors conclude that agents' ordinary decisions may consider together both to the economic rationality and credence rationality, given their certain constraints on information, beliefs, and resources.
The Use of Geo-Questionnaire in Spatial Planning
Authors: Bąkowska-Waldmann Edyta , Kaczmarek Tomasz
Published: February 2019

Changes in the attitude of local authorities towards the managerial processes of local governments have opened the area for cooperation of many actors in decision making processes. Taking into account the complexity of urban planning it is necessary to search for methods facilitating the participatory planning processes. Of potential use are internet tools based on GIS, supporting the engagement of the public in the processes of management and consolidation of local inhabitants. One of such tools is the geo-questionnaire developed within the project: Geoportal supporting public participation in urban planning (GEOPLAN). The aim of the article is to present these results of six pilot studies of e-consultations performed in Poznań and Łódź agglomerations (Poland). Subsequent sections of the article present characterization of Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) tools and assessment of the possibilities of their use for spatial management on the basis of opinions of local inhabitants and local authorities. Attention is also paid to the legal and organizational challenges related to implementation of internet consultation processes in Poland. Solving these problems may lead to increased contribution of local society and greater effectiveness of decisions made in spatial management at local levels.
Towards Trusted, Transparent and Motivational Professional Education System Through Blockchain
Authors: Pani Santosh Kumar , Chatterjee Rajdeep , Mahapatra Nihar Ranjan
Published: February 2019

The learning process has evolved with time. The primary change that technologies have brought into the learning process is more structure and activity based. It has become a necessity and a mandate as well to keep a track of details of educational activities so that it can be referred back to at any point in time. Moreover, it requires a secure protocol which is trustworthy, transparent, less vulnerable and requires near zero involvement of mediators. Blockchain technology has a tremendous potential to disrupt the education sector. Its implementation will help to maintain time-stamped record keeping that can be validated for all types of activities involved in the professional education system. This article proposes a blockchain-based model for professional education systems. The model not only ensures digital identity, verifiable records, but also motivates learning process by rewarding B-coins for learning activities. It inherits the security, robustness of underlying blockchain technology and eliminates the need for verification by an intermediate agency.
Drop-Test Simulations to Investigate Collision Characteristics of Automobile Center-Pillar Structures According to Partial Quenching Area
Authors: Lee Min Sik , Park Jun , Kang Chung Gil
Published: February 2019

Development of environment-friendly materials to improve the safety and fuel efficiency of automobiles has attracted great research attention with regards to the automobile industry in recent years. With increase in demand for technological developments to improve performance and efficiency, an increased number of researches are being performed concerning the use of advanced high-strength steel in parts manufactured by means of the hot-press forming process. Furthermore, research concerning the improvement in fuel efficiency through additional weight reduction using tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) and partial quenching (PQ) has gained popularity in the automobile industry in recent times. Many car components are, nowadays, being fabricated using different materials to improve collision toughness and safety in the event of a car crash. However, no standard has yet been established to evaluate the replacement of automobile parts, and such a standard must account for mechanical properties of the material under tensile and flexural loadings. A car crash test was conducted at the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) to evaluate automobile safety. However, collision-toughness evaluation of each car component is expensive and difficult to realize. In this study, drop tests were simulated, and collision characteristics of the center-pillar were correspondingly evaluated. Values of fracture toughness were compared in accordance with center-pillar types for evaluating collision-test conditions.
A Plane Stress Yield Function Described by Multi-Segment Third Order Bézier Curves
Authors: Amaishi Toshiro , Tsutamori Hideo , Nishiwaki Takeshi , Kimoto Takaaki
Published: February 2019

A plane stress yield function which is described by multi-segment spline curve is proposed. This model is able to consider an arbitrary number of multi-axial stress states and its normal directions on the yield surface. Moreover by using interpolation based on cubic spline function, planar anisotropy is also described precisely. To show the applicability of the model, some evaluation of material properties and simulation results of hole expansion test are discussed.
Investigation of X80 Line Pipe Steel Fracture during Tensile Testing Using Acoustic Emission Monitoring
Authors: Chuluunbat Turbadrakh , Kostryzhev Andrii G. , Marenych Olexandra
Published: February 2019

The acoustic emission (AE) monitoring technique is widely used in mechanical and materials research for detection of plastic deformation, fracture initiation and crack growth. However, the quantitative dependences of the AE signal parameters on material fracture parametersare not completely understood. This paper presents recent research results on AE monitoring of the fracture behavior of X80 line pipe steel, a critically important material for the oil and gas transportation industry.Fracture of this steel was studied using tensile testing of small scale specimens coupled with AE monitoring and high speed video camera. The dependence of fracture behavior and AE parameters on loading conditions (strain rate and presence or absence of a notch) was investigated. The AE parameters were analyzed using the “Average Hit” features and “Wave Form and Power Spectrum” methodologies. The fracture surface was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and a dependence of the AE parameters on the average void size has been obtained.
A Springback Prediction of 1.5 GPa Grade Steel in Roll Forming Process for Automotive Sill-Side Inner Component
Authors: Choi Hyun Sung , Yoon Jeong Whan , Lee Jong Sup , Kim Geun Ho
Published: February 2019

Roll forming has been widely used to produce steel sheet with low formability such as Ultra High Strength Steel (UHSS). It allows the steel sheet to be formed through successive bending process into a desired shape which even cannot be formed by press brake forming. Although the process effectively improves the formability of UHSS, there still the remains accuracy issue such as springback, flair, bow and so on. Especially, springback of UHSS is one of the major challenges in roll forming process as much as press forming process. In this paper, the springback of 1.5 GPa grade steel in roll forming process was numerically investigated for automotive sill-side inner component. The material behavior was described by using the selected hardening models: isotropic hardening (Piecewise linear model), linear kinematic hardening (Prager model [6]), nonlinear kinematic hardening model (Yoshida-Uemori model [7]). A commercial software LS-DYNA was utilized for the analysis. Eighteen successive roll stages were modelled for the simulation. From the results, it was found that the springback prediction during roll forming process could be successfully achieved when the complicated material behaviors including Bauschinger effect, nonlinear transient hardening, and changeable unloading modulus are taken into account for the Finite Element (FE) simulation.
A Stress-Based Model for Shear Ductile Fracture
Authors: Lou Yan Shan , Yoon Jeong Whan
Published: February 2019

A stress-based model is developed to describe shear ductile fracture of lightweight metals. The proposed function couples the effect of the maximum shear stress and the stress triaxiality on fracture limits of metals during plastic deformation. Effect of the maximum shear stress in the proposed fracture model is correlated with the influence of the Lode parameter on fracture limits. The proposed fracture model is applied to depict the fracture locus of AA2024-T351. The predicted fracture locus is compared with experimental results of the alloy. The comparison demonstrates that the proposed fracture model reasonably characterizes the fracture stress in various loading conditions of compression, shear and tension.
Numerical and Experimental Study on ECAP-Processing Parameters for Efficient Grain Refinement of AA5083 Sheet Metal
Authors: Gruber Maximilian , Illgen Christian , Frint Philipp , Wagner Martin F.X. , Volk Wolfram
Published: February 2019

Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is often used as effective tool for grain refinement for many different metallic materials. It is well known that grain size is an important microstructural feature influencing superplastic properties of fcc materials like aluminum alloys. The magnitude of introduced shear strain depends on geometrical parameters of the ECAP channel. In this contribution, the impact of different geometrical parameters of the ECAP channel on the resulting magnitude of introduced shear strain is analyzed. ECAP on AA5083 aluminum sheets with the dimensions of 200x200x1.8 mm3 is performed. Microhardness measurements reveal a considerable increase of hardness after ECAP and microstructural investigations by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) show the beginning formation of a deformation-induced substructure which is known to be a preliminary stage of the grain refinement process. It is assumed that this fine-grained microstructure results in an enhanced superplastic forming capability. Furthermore, a numerical model of the process based on the experimental results is established. The bending of the ECAP processed sheet metal as well as its microhardness are used for the validation of the model. The friction coefficient between the channel and the aluminum sheet significantly influences the results of the simulation. With the applied model different channel angles and inner corner radii are varied in order to determine a maximum magnitude of deformation resulting in sufficient grain refinement of the investigated material. With the help of the results gained in this study, suitable ECAP parameters for sheet metals can be derived that enable creating ultrafine-grained materials for superplastic forming operations.
Mechanism of Galling Generation Using TiCN Coating in Finish Blanking - Thermochemical Simulation and Elemental Analysis -
Authors: Yamada Tomohiro
Published: February 2019

The mechanism of galling generation is studied with finish blanking using TiCN coated punch. A high-tensile-strength-steel plate with a thickness of 6mm is used in the present paper. The edge shapes of punch are two types, a punch with 1.0 mm chamfered edge (C1.0 punch) and a punch with right angle edge (RA punch). The clearance is kept to 0.5%t, and lubrication is not used in this experiment. Galling is observed at the first shearing operation except for RA punch, and galling can’t be found clearly even when the shearing number reaches 20 in the case of the RA punch. In order to clarify these differences of RA punch and C1.0 punch, the oxygen on burnished depth is observed by electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA). The oxygen is not detected on the burnished depth sheared by RA punch. On the other hand, the oxygen is detected on the burnished depth sheared by C1.0 punch. In the case of C1.0 punch, the oxide scale on the plate surface flow into the burnished depth because of the low surface expansion ratio of the burnish depth. Thermochemical simulation is carried out using a commercial code MALT and gem which solves chemical equilibrium problems by minimizing the gibbs energy of the system. TiCN reacts with oxide scale to form Fe and Fe4N. As result of analyzing galling part of C1.0 punch from the cross section direction, Fe, Fe4N, FeTiO3 and Fe2TiO4 are detected and those detected elements coincides well with the Thermochemical simulation.
A Hybrid Model for Studying the Size Effects on Flow Stress in Micro-Forming with the Consideration of Grain Hardening
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Hossain Anamul , Wei Dong Bin
Published: February 2019

Size effects extremely exist in the metal micro-forming process. When a deformation process scales down to micro scale, the appearances of geometry size and single grain size start to play a major role in deformation. Generally, the size effects are unavoidable in the experimental work and cannot be neglect in the optimization of micro-forming processes. In this paper, size effect on flow stress is investigated in the form of the coupled effect of workpiece geometry (sample thickness) and grain size, (T/D) by the micro tensile test of pure copper foil. Following the previous approaches, a new hybrid material model is projected to describe the hardening behavior of grains in polycrystalline material. Tensile tests performed on the copper foil with constant thickness and width, while to get dissimilar grain sizes, the foil annealed for different times. The ratio of thickness to grain size (T/D) is limited to larger than 1 (T/D˃1). A hybrid material model is proposed and established based on grain heterogeneity and sample thickness. The hybrid material model builds a relationship between the surface layer and sheet interior. The hybrid material model developed by the strain gradient theory in which the dislocation cell structure, cell densities (interior and wall) engaged to define the polycrystalline aggregate and calculated the dislocations in a grain (grain interior and grain wall). The results show that flow stress varies with the different values of T/D, but with an increase of the share of the grains flow stress start to decreases. After applying the hybrid material model of flow stress, the micro-tensile test of copper foil is simulated by finite element method. The simulation outcomes well matched with experimental results.
Kinetics of Siderite Ore Roasting in the Shaft Furnace
Authors: Yur'ev Boris , Dudko Vyacheslav , Shageeva Anna
Published: February 2019

Kinetics of the siderite ore roasting in the air, helium and hydrogen flows has been studied in a gasometrical unit with continuous mass variation logging. We have derived the expression for determination of an apparent degree of calcination and identified its dependence on the size of the prill, the heat treatment duration, and gas-phase composition. Using a generalized chemical kinetics equation, we have obtained a formula for calculation of the decomposition period for siderite ore samples. It has been found that calcination rate increases with the temperature rise, irrespective of the sample size and atmospheric composition. Calcination process has been studied at low temperatures. We have demonstrated that it is feasible to describe the process of siderite ore thermal dissociation by a first-order kinetics equation. We have obtained the expression to calculate the duration of this process depending on different parameters. Using a generalized chemical kinetics equation, we have obtained a formula for checking the expressions that describe the experimental data. We have studied kinetics of the reduction of roasted ore samples at various temperatures using different sizes of the samples. The obtained results have been applied for optimization of the design values and operating conditions of the siderite ore roasting in shaft furnaces. These will also be used for designing a shaft furnace consisting of a calcination zone, reduction zone (metallization zone) and metallized product cooling zone, which will increase iron content in the end-product to 65-70%.