bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CREATING INTERACTIVE WEB MAPS FOR THE CITY
Authors: Zagrebin Gleb I. , Krylov Sergey A. , Kotova Olga I.
Published: October 2021

The features of creating interactive web-maps on the territory of the city are considered. In a separate category maps created with Google, Yandex, OSM mapping a substrate with a certain set of points of interest (POI), and maps created with GIS applications. The technology of creating an interactive map is proposed, which includes the main stages: designing a mathematical basis, creating a geo-graphic basis, forming thematic databases, creating a web map. In the framework of this technology, the scale levels of the map are determined, and the choice of the cartographic projection is considered. The sources for creating an interactive map are identified, namely, the geographical basis, housing and utilities reform data, and thematic data. The interrelations of thematic objects with general geographical elements of the map content are established. A technological scheme for creating and filling a spatial database for a city site is presented. The stage of forming thematic data from various sources is considered. The technological scheme of creating an interactive web map is presented. The process of creating interactive logic is described. This technology allows you to easily make updates to the thematic database, which provides quick access to the information of the end user.
GIS ANALYSIS OF DEM IN THE INTERESTS OF SPECIALIZED MAPPING OF MINING TERRAIN
Authors: Stupin Vladimir P. , Karpova Irina A.
Published: October 2021

Using the example of the Korshunovsky GOK quarry, the possibilities of processing publicly available SRTM C-SIR and ASTER GDEM DEM data and remote sensing materials obtained from LANDSAT and SENTINEL satellites in the SAGA GIS for specialized mapping of mountainous terrain are considered. The results of constructing derived geomorphometric maps based on DEM are presented. Restrictions on the use of the materials under consideration are justified.
TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES AR/VR TECHNOLOGIES IN MOBILE MAPPING APPLICATIONS FOR TOURISTS
Authors: Utrobina Elena S. , Popov Vladimir P.
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the use of VR (virtual reality) and AR (augmented reality) technologies in mobile applications for the tourism sector. The basic concepts of the technologies under consideration are given. The analysis of mobile mapping applications using virtual and augmented reality technologies is performed. The trends and perspectives of using AR and VR technologies for tourism are revealed. The differences in the methods and scenarios of using these technologies, the feasibility of their implementation in cartographic applications created for tourism purposes, as well as their advantages of using them in combination with maps are revealed. The limiting factors of the development of these areas are considered. A scheme of interaction of a tourist mobile application has been developed, which is based on a map with external services (navigation, booking, virtual tours, etc.). The scheme can be a useful tool in the development of cartographic mobile applications for the tourism sector. It is based on an experimental interactive web-application, considered on the example of the "Hotels" layer.
RESULTS OF BUILDING A LOCAL QUASIGEOID MODEL ON THE TERRITORY OF THE GEODETIC TRAINING GROUND OF SSUGT
Authors: Gienko Elena G. , Elagin Alexander V. , Reznichenko Konstantin Yu.
Published: October 2021

The results of building a local quasigeoid model by various methods on the territory of the geodesic training ground of SSUGT, based on the data of geometric leveling, GNSS measurements, gravimetry and astronomical measurements, are presented. The advantages of using a two-dimensional model of a quasigeoid in ellipsoidal coordinates over the "flat model" of height calibration widely used in GNSS technologies are shown. The criteria for choosing a method for building a quasigeoid model on a local territory and criteria for evaluating the quality of the results are determined. The results of determining the deviations of the vertical line in a given area, with control according to astronomo-geodesic measurements, are presented. In particular, a method for quick determining the deviations of a vertical line from the differences in astronomical and geodetic zenith distances was tested. A conclusion about the best method for determining the parameters of the local model of the quasigeoid and the deviations of the vertical line for a given territory is made. The results of the research are of practical significance for the training of students and specialists in the field of geodesy.
STUDY OF THE ALGORITHM OF PSEUDONORMAL OPTIMIZATION ON THE STABILITY OF THE SOLUTION OF THE EQUATION PROBLEM AND THE ESTIMATION OF THE ACCURACY
Authors: Barliani Amridon G. , Nefedova Galina A. , Karnetova Irina V.
Published: October 2021

In geodesic practice, when designing and adjusting geodetic networks for various purposes on a computer, it is necessary to solve poorly conditioned systems of linear normal equations. In such systems, the determinant of the matrix of equations tends to zero, so the application of the least squares method leads to large distortions of the estimated parameters. Moreover, in such situations, for the least squares algorithm, a slight distortion of the input data leads to unacceptably large distortions of the final results of the equalization and accuracy estimation. In this regard, the application of the pseudonormal optimization method is proposed. The presented work is devoted to the study of the stability of the solution of the adjustment task and the estimation of accuracy obtained on the basis of the pseudonormal optimization method. The novelty is the obtained algorithm for estimating the relative error of the pseudonormal optimization method. A comparative analysis of two competing processing methods was performed for different network models. The results of experimental studies and their analysis have shown the advantage of the pseudonormal optimization method over the least squares method.
GEOECOLOGICAL RISKS OF TECHNOGENIC NOISES AT LOW FREQUENCIES
Authors: Kopylova Oksana A. , Khairetdinov Marat S.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the estimation and prevention problem of ecologically dangerous influence of technogenic noises generated by moving transport, such as heavy tracked and wheeled transport, railway transport. The influence on the man and the environment of a low-frequency controlled CV-40 seismic vibrator [1] used for seismological research separately is considered. The influence of vibrations located in the area of low and infra-low frequencies is estimated. The field records of technogenic noises are analyzed. Numerical analysis and estimation of levels of geoecological risks associated with seismic vibration in the ground and acoustic oscillations in the atmosphere are presented. Spectral and spectral-time analysis of technogenic noises records are performed. The main ecologically dangerous frequency areas, which are the most characteristic for these sources, are separated. The dynamics of changes of the vibration velocity level over distances for heavy wheeled and tracked types of transport has been determined.
MARINE HEATWAVES IN THE LAPTEV SEA IN 2019-2020
Authors: Kraineva Marina V. , Golubeva Elena N.
Published: October 2021

Marine heat waves are extreme events that represent a significant excess of average climatic temperatures. In this study marine heat waves calculated both from observational data and from numerical modeling data in the Laptev Sea region are analyzed. The regional numerical model SibCIOM (Siberian Coupled Ice-Ocean Model) is used to study the variability of the hydrological characteristics of the Arctic Ocean and its shelf seas. Observational data shows an increase in the frequency and intensity of the marine heat waves in recent years in this region. On the basis of numerical experiments, the work demonstrates intense warming in the bottom layer, as a consequence of the increase in the sea surface temperature of the Laptev Sea in recent years. The paper analyzes the possible causes and consequences of an increase in the sea surface temperature of the Laptev Sea.
CHANGES IN THE HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF INCREASING RIVER RUNOFF
Authors: Tarkhanova Marina A. , Golubeva Elena N.
Published: October 2021

The paper considers issues related to the influence of increased Arctic river runoff on the formation of the thermohaline structure of waters outside the Arctic shelf and, in particular, on the variability of heat content of the deep Arctic Ocean. The study is carried out using the three-dimensional numerical model of the ocean and sea ice SibCIOM and atmospheric reanalysis data NCEP/NCAR. Numerical simulation results showed that increased flow of Arctic rivers contributes to the stability of water stratification outside the shelf areas, which reduces the depth of autumn-winter mixing and allows Atlantic waters spreading along the continental slope to retain their heat. This is evidenced by an increase in the heat content of the upper 200 m layer waters of the eastern Eurasian basin and the rise of the Atlantic water layer upper boundary in this region.
DEFINITION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNMANNED AVIATION SYSTEM WHEN CARRYING OUT SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS IN WETTED AREAS
Authors: Golovina Larisa A. , Gordienko Antonina S. , Lamkov Igor M.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the problems of conducting search and rescue operations in wetlands and forest areas. The relevance of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles of the helicopter type for the search for victims was substantiated. The main parameters affecting the quality of image formation are considered. A method for calculating the information recognized from unmanned aerial vehicles is presented, and their flight characteristics are substantiated. The minimum size of objects that can be confidently recognized in images was calculated.
GROUND AND SATELLITE MONITORING OF POLLUTION PROCESSES ISKITIM-LINEVSK INDUSTRIAL ZONE
Authors: Amikishieva Ruslana A. , Raputa Vladimir F. , Solov ‘eva Irina A.
Published: October 2021

The results of a numerical analysis of atmospheric pollution in the vicinity of the industrial site of the Chernorechensky cement plant (CCP) and the territory of Iskitim are presented. The research material was the results of sampling melted snow for 2019-20. The snow index (NDSI), calculated from high-resolution images from the Landsat and Sentinel satellites, was used as satellite data. Statistical relationships between ground-based and satellite observations are given. The general dynamics of changes in the impurity concentration in the snow and NDSI values are revealed. The concentration is calculated on the basis of low-parameter reconstruction models using ground-based measurements. For calculations and visualization, the means of the geographic information system, which was developed earlier, were used. These studies represent the basis for the development of a methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the process of atmospheric pollution using ground-based and satellite observations.
COMPUTING COMPONENTS OF CLOUD WEB-SERVICES FOR REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING
Authors: Buchnev Aleksey A. , Pyatkin Valery P. , Rusin Evgeny V.
Published: October 2021

The organization of computations in cloud Web services for satellite data processing is considered. Computing component of almost every service is a batch version of the corresponding technology of the PlanetaMonitoring software for processing remote sensing data. The exceptions are the technologies that require interactive communication with user, i.e., supervised classification of remote sensing data and movement tracking of natural environments by the coordinates of identifiable objects, each of which consists of two parts, i.e., an interactive Windows application running on the user's computer and the part hidden in the cloud.
SCALABLE MASKS FOR CORNER DETECTION IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGES
Authors: Kazantsev Ivan G.
Published: October 2021

We consider scalable masks of the detection of corners in the three-dimensional images used for processing by a sliding window on the image. Unlike well-known algorithms, the large-size matrices of masks are constructed by simply adding rows, columns and sides of smaller masks, leaving the submatrices unchanged.
USING GIS TECHNOLOGIES TO SELECT THE LOCATIONS OF MSW LANDFILLS
Authors: Maymanova Elena A. , Bochkareva Irina I.
Published: October 2021

As a result of the constant growth of the population, the development of industry, the increase in the socio-economic needs of people, the amount of solid waste generated increases, and therefore a large number of landfills and landfills are formed that violate the stability of ecological systems. The use of modern methods, such as GIS technologies, will allow us to get an idea of the general state of the territory, the degree of influence of waste storage sites on nature and the human habitat, provide specialists with objective information for the development of measures to eliminate the existing anthropogenic load, as well as promote the rational use of residential areas, land protection and modern waste management.
BEHAVIORAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY CONTAINED IN SULFIDE ORE PROCESSING WASTE
Authors: Ogudov Alexander S. , Chuenko Natalia F. , Knyazheva Maria A. , Anopchenko Lyudmila Yu.
Published: October 2021

The accumulation of arsenic and antimony compounds in environmental objects as a result of the development of mineral deposits is a source of public health risk. Arsenic and antimony, when they enter the human body in excess, activate pathophysiological processes at the subcellular, cellular and organ levels, which leads to the development of multiple organ pathology. The study confirmed the effect of arsenic and antimony on emotional-behavioral responses and cellular immune responses in laboratory animals. Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats and one control group were formed. Experienced with free access to drinking water with different concentrations of arsenic and antimony (water from the hydro dump of the sulphide tailing dump in the village of Komsomolsk, Kemerovo region), the control had free access to clean drinking water. On the 7th and 70th days of the experiment, the emotional-behavioral reactions of the experimental animals were investigated in the "open field" and "raised cruciform maze" tests. The assessment of the cellular immune response was performed by the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (HRT). Arsenic and antimony in the studied concentrations have a harmful effect on the central nervous system (CNS) and the cellular immune response of experimental animals, which manifests itself in disorganization of emotional-behavioral reactions, induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.
ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM OF ECOLOGICAL ZONING OF THE TERRITORY OF NOVOSIBIRSK
Authors: Polkovnikov Artem O. , Belenko Olesya A.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the system of ecological zoning of territories. The goals of ecological zoning, the legal framework for establishing zones with special conditions for the use of territories (hereinafter - ZOUIT) were considered, and some problems were identified in establishing ZOUIT and entering information about them into the unified state register of real estate (hereinafter - USRN). The information contained on the public cadastral map of Novosibirsk about several land plots with objects requiring the establishment of sanitary protection zones and the mandatory inclusion of information about this in the USRN is analyzed.
REGULATORY GUILLOTINE FOR WATER QUALITY AND DRINKING WATER SOURCES
Authors: Sakhnova Olga A. , Bochkareva Irina I.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the reform of the "Regulatory Guillotine", shows the main objectives of this reform. The participants of this process have been identified. The analysis of the cancelled and accepted acts at the present time is given. Changes in regulatory legal acts in the field of water quality and sources of drinking water supply are analyzed.
MAPPING OF BIOTOPES OF RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANT SPECIES IN THE SOUTHERN TAIGA FORESTS OF SIBERIA (EVIDENCE FROM KRASFAN LLC LEASED FOREST AREA)
Authors: Farber Sergyey K. , Sokolova Nastassia V. , Nevodinykh Artem G.
Published: October 2021

The stage of mapping of biotopes is a preliminary to decision-making aimed at the conservation of forest biodiversity. The presence of rare and endangered plant species within the leased forest area of a logging company is identified by analysis of literature report and is confirmed under field surveys. To outline the biotopes of vegetation species, it is assumed to use mass forest inventory materials that contain all the information required. A field of biotopes is formed in the GIS attribute table and determines the possibility of mapping.
CLUSTER COMPOSITION OF POLLEN PARTICLES OF ANEMOPHILIC PLANTS ENTERING ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Golovko Vladimir V. , Zueva Galina A. , Kiseleva Tatyana I.
Published: October 2021

A study is made on pollen emission into atmosphere of 21 species of anemophilous plants ( Betula divaricata Ledeb., Betula costata Trautv., Betula davurica Pall., Betula fruticosa Pall., Ulmus japonica (Rehd.)Sarg., Salix acutifolia Willd., Salix cinerea L., Salix purpurea L., Salix rosmarinifolia L., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Poa alpina L., Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl, Briza maxima L., Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv., Urtica urens L., Carex altaica (Gorodkov) V.I. Krecz., Carex pallescens L., Carex flacca Schreb., Carex vesicaria L., Carex diluta M. Bieb., Plantago lanceolata L.), exposed by the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS. These plants are widely spread over the territory of the Russian Federation and produce great amounts of allergenic pollen. The proportion of clusters of two or more pollen grains from the total number of pollen particles entering the atmosphere during the flowering periods of these plant species is estimated. It was shown that such clusters in significant quantities were formed in all series of experiments. At the same time, the proportion of pollen grains in their composition could reach 95% of the total number of pollen grains entering the atmosphere.
ACCOUNTING OF GREEN SPACES BY REMOTE SENSING MATERIALS
Authors: Dajbova Darya D.
Published: October 2021

The article states the necessity of urban green spaces assessment. The current methods of urban green inventory are described. The necessity of modernization of the methods taking into account the achievements of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems is stated. The basic outline of using of free-of-charge remote sensing data and ground photography data for green spaces inventory is suggested. A case study of using said data for green space inventory of the selected area in Leninsky district of Novosibirck city, Russia, is described.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBAN PLANNING PRACTICE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC IN RUSSIA
Authors: Kramer Mikhail A. , Mikheev Valery N. , Trofimovich Evgeny M.
Published: October 2021

The relevance of studying the patterns of the formation of COVOD-19 epidemics in the conditions of urban development is justified. The establishment of common mechanisms between the epidemic and urbanization is necessary to justify the population density as an urban planning regulation. An algorithm for constructing etiological groups and modeling indicators for evaluating correlation relations is proposed. Based on these statistical estimates, the choice of a hypothesis about the reliability or randomness of statistical estimates is justified. Statistical regularities of the epidemic process are tabulated for the scientific conclusion about the concretization of the urban planning routing of residents with the formation of foci of infectious risk. Models of epidemics in the space of organized territories are presented. The content of the Concept of Development and the general organization of the territory of urban and rural settlements is proposed to be based on the methodology for determining density, as an urban planning category that meets the requirements of SanPiN 3.3686-21.
The Influence of Performing Arts Competitions on the Formation of Artistic and Pedagogical Space
Authors: Aleksandr Vladlenovich Kamenets , Natalia Ivanovna Anufrieva , Elizaveta Evgenievna Grushina , Galina Ivanovna Gribkova , Olga Victorovna Ershova , Natalia Sergeevna Yushchenko
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the main pedagogical problems of performing arts competitions in the context of the humanistic paradigm of the forming artistic and pedagogical space. Different pedagogical situations determining the requirements for organizing and conducting contest programs are analyzed. Various pedagogical strategies of involving the younger generation in performance activities that ensure mass participation and provide children and adolescents with access to creative activities regardless of the level of their performing abilities are proposed. The article also pays special attention to the creation of a pedagogical environment that motivates children and adolescents to participate in contest performance; the organizational conditions of the competition that minimize the negative psychological effects on its participants are highlighted and further prospects for their improvement from the point of humanistic art pedagogy are outlined. The pedagogical problems considered in the article allow the authors to conclude on the need for greater use of the achievements of theater pedagogy in work with contestants, as well as for a thought-out differentiation of competition programs accounting for the composition of the participants and the nature of the pedagogical problems.
Impact on Utilization and Shift in Treatment Needs Post-COVID Lockdown of Pediatric Dentistry in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Nandlal Bhojraj , Singh Birti , Gopi Arun
Published: October 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought all treatments other than emergencies to a halt. Dental disease, being a multifactorial microbial disease, is capable of progressing to pulpits and its sequelae. The purpose of this study is to predict the impact of utilization of dental services and the progression of treatment needs in children during the lockdown and partial lockdown.

Methods: Outpatient department data from the year 2017–2019 from the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, JSS Dental College was collected. A table of treatments provided was prepared. Utilization of services as care-seeking rates at 10, 25, and 50% were assumed and modeled corresponding to each stage of the lockdown using linear regression analysis. Dental caries progression was calculated as shifts in treatment needs from permanent restorations to temporary restorations, pulpectomies, or extraction, assuming a 10% progress to each sequela.

Results: The p-values for 10, 25, and 50% care-seeking rates were 0.021, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively.

Conclusion: The number and severity of cases were predicted to have increased. However, after removal of lockdown, it was noted that the number of patients seeking care was significantly less. The advancement in progression of dental disease further adds to the burden of society and caregivers.
A Learning-Based Bidding Approach for PV-Attached BESS Power Plants
Authors: Gao Xiang , Ma Haomin , Chan Ka Wing , Xia Shiwei , Zhu Ziqing
Published: October 2021

Large-scale renewable photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) units are promising to be significant electricity suppliers in the future electricity market. A bidding model is proposed for PV-integrated BESS power plants in a pool-based day-ahead (DA) electricity market, in which the uncertainty of PV generation output is considered. In the proposed model, we consider the market clearing process as the external environment, while each agent updates the bid price through the communication with the market environment for its revenue maximization. A multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) called win-or-learn-fast policy-hill-climbing (WoLF-PHC) is used to explore optimal bid prices without any information of opponents. The case study validates the computational performance of WoLF-PHC in the proposed model, while the bidding strategy of each participated agent is thereafter analyzed.
Sex Differences in In-hospital Mortality of Patients With Septic Shock: An Observational Study Based on Data Analysis From a Cover Sheet of Medical Records in Beijing
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Zeng Na , Liu Pei , Liu Zhuang , Duan Meili
Published: October 2021

Background: The goal of our study was to evaluate the association of sex and in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock in Beijing, China.

Materials and Methods: We analyzed 3,643 adult patients with septic shock from January 1, 2019, to Dec 31, 2019, in all secondary and tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Study data were retrospectively extracted from the Quality Control Center of Beijing Municipal Health Commission.

Results: There were 2,345 (64.37%) male and 1,298 (35.63%) female patients. Compared to male patients, female patients with septic shock had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (55.54 vs. 49.29%, p < 0.01). The median length of hospitalization stay for male patients was 22.71 days, while that for female patients was 19.72 days (p > 0.01). Male patients had a higher prevalence of pulmonary infection (68.8 vs. 31.2%, p < 0.01). The B values of sex in univariate and multivariate logistic regression were −0.251 and −0.312, respectively. Men had a lower likelihood of hospital mortality than women (OR = 0.732, 95% CI = 0.635–0.844, p = 0.000).

Conclusions: Female patients with septic shock had a higher risk of dying in the hospital than male patients.
Genome-Wide Identification of Sultr Genes in Malus domestica and Low Sulfur-Induced MhSultr3;1a to Increase Cysteine-Improving Growth
Authors: Xun Mi , Song Jianfei , Shi Junyuan , Li Jiaqi , Shi Yujia , Yan Junhong , Zhang Weiwei , Yang Hongqiang
Published: October 2021

Sulfur is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Sulfate transporters (Sultrs) are critical for sulfate (SO42-) uptake from the soil by the roots in higher plants. However, knowledge about Sultrs in apples (Malus domestica) is scarce. Here, nine putative MdSultrs were identified and classified into two groups according to the their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and conserved motifs. Various cis-regulatory elements related to abiotic stress and plant hormone responsiveness were found in the promoter regions of MdSultrs. These MdSultrs exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns and responded to low sulfur (S), abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), wherein MdSultr3;1a was especially expressed in the roots and induced by low S. The uptake of SO42- in cultivated apples depends on the roots of its rootstock, and MhSultr3;1a was isolated from Malus hupehensis roots used as a rootstock. MhSultr3;1a shared 99.85% homology with MdSultr3;1a and localized on the plasma membrane and nucleus membrane. Further function characterization revealed that MhSultr3;1a complemented an SO42- transport-deficient yeast mutant and improved the growth of yeast and apple calli under low S conditions. The MhSultr3;1a-overexpressing apple calli had a higher fresh weight compared with the wild type (WT) under a low-S treatment because of the increased SO42- and cysteine (Cys) content. These results demonstrate that MhSultr3;1a may increase the content of SO42- and Cys to meet the demands of S-containing compounds and improve their growth under S-limiting conditions.
Global Daytime Mean Shortwave Flux Consistency Under Varying EPIC Viewing Geometries
Authors: Su Wenying , Liang Lusheng , Duda David P. , Khlopenkov Konstantin , Thieman Mandana M.
Published: October 2021

One of the most crucial tasks of measuring top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative flux is to understand the relationships between radiances and fluxes, particularly for the reflected shortwave (SW) fluxes. The radiance-to-flux conversion is accomplished by constructing angular distribution models (ADMs). This conversion depends on solar-viewing geometries as well as the scene types within the field of view. To date, the most comprehensive observation-based ADMs are developed using the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations. These ADMs are used to derive TOA SW fluxes from CERES and other Earth radiation budget instruments which observe the Earth mostly from side-scattering angles. The Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard Deep Space Climate Observatory observes the Earth at the Lagrange-1 point in the near-backscattering directions and offers a testbed for the CERES ADMs. As the EPIC relative azimuth angles change from 168◦ to 178◦, the global daytime mean SW radiances can increase by as much as 10% though no notable cloud changes are observed. The global daytime mean SW fluxes derived after considering the radiance anisotropies at relative azimuth angles of 168◦ and 178◦ show much smaller differences (<1%), indicating increases in EPIC SW radiances are due mostly to changes in viewing geometries. Furthermore, annual global daytime mean SW fluxes from EPIC agree with the CERES equivalents to within 0.5 Wm−2 with root-mean-square errors less than 3.0 Wm−2. Consistency between SW fluxes from EPIC and CERES inverted from very different viewing geometries indicates that the CERES ADMs accurately quantify the radiance anisotropy and can be used for flux inversion from different viewing perspectives.
An Improved Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Method for Uncertain Networked Control Systems with Packet Losses and Exogenous Disturbances
Authors: Li Meiliu , She Jinhua , Liu Zhen-Tao , Wu Min , Ohyama Yasuhiro
Published: October 2021

In a networked control system (NCS), time delays, uncertainties, packet losses, and exogenous disturbances seriously affect the control performance. To solve these problems, a modified disturbance suppression configuration of NCS was built. In the configuration, a proportional–integral observer (PIO) reproduces the state of a plant and reduces the observation error; an equivalent input disturbance (EID) estimator estimates and compensates for the disturbance in the control input channel. The stability conditions of the NCS are given by using a linear matrix inequality, and the gains of the PIO and state feedback controller are obtained. Numerical simulation results and an application of a magnetic levitation ball system verifies the effectiveness of the presented method. Comparison with the conventional PIO and EID methods shows that the presented method reduced the tracking error to about one-fifth and two-thirds of their original values, respectively. This demonstrates the validity and superiority of the presented method.
Mood and Suicidality among Cyberbullied Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study from Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Authors: Hsieh Ya-Ching , Jain Pratik , Veluri Nikhila , Bhela Jatminderpal , Sheikh Batool , Bangash Fariha , Gude Jayasudha , Subhedar Rashmi , Zhang Michelle , Shah Mansi , Mansuri Zeeshan , Patel Urvish , Aedma Kapil Kiran , Parikh Tapan
Published: October 2021

Background: There is limited literature available showing the mental health burden among adolescents following cyberbullying. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the association between low mood and suicidality among cyberbullied adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional analysis of the data was performed among adolescents from the National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. Responses from adolescents related to cyberbullying and suicidality were evaluated. Chi-square and mix-effect multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of cyberbullying with sadness/hopelessness and suicide consideration, plan, and attempts. Results: Of a total of 8274 adolescents, 14.8% of adolescents faced cyberbullying past year. There was a higher prevalence of cyberbullying in youths aged 15, 16, and 17 years (25%, 26%, 23%, respectively), which included more females than males (68% vs. 32%; p < 0.0001). Caucasians (53%) had the highest number of responses to being cyberbullied compared to Hispanics (24%) or African Americans (11%; p < 0.0001). There was an increased prevalence of cyberbullied youths, feelings of sadness/hopelessness (59.6% vs. 25.8%), higher numbers considering suicide (40.4% vs. 13.2%), suicide plan (33.2% vs. 10.8%), and multiple suicidal attempts in comparison to non-cyberbullied (p < 0.0001). On regression analysis, cyberbullied adolescents had a 155% higher chance of feeling sad and hopeless [aOR = 2.55; 95%CI = 2.39–2.72] and considered suicide [aOR = 1.52 (1.39–1.66)] and suicide plan [aOR = 1.24 (1.13–1.36)]. Conclusion: In our Study, cyberbullying was associated with negative mental health outcomes. Further research is warranted to examine the impact of cyberbullying among adolescents and guiding the policies to mitigate the consequences.
‘Helete Güneşi’, a New Walnut Cultivar with Late Leafing, Early Harvest Date, and Superior Nut Traits
Authors: Sütyemez Mehmet , Bükücü Şakir Burak , Özcan Akide
Published: October 2021

‘Helete Güneşi’ was selected among different genotypes obtained from crossing ‘Maraş 18’ × ‘Chandler’ in Turkey. The present study compares phenological and pomological traits of ‘Helete Güneşi’ with those of its parents so as to scale their performances. ‘Helete Güneşi’ staged leaf out on 22 April, whereas its parents, ‘Chandler’ and ‘Maraş 18’, did on 20 and 12 April, respectively. The harvest date of ‘Helete Güneşi’ was as early as 17 September, whereas ‘Chandler’ and ‘Maraş 18’ began to be harvested on 5 October and 15 September, respectively. Defoliation in ‘Helete Güneşi’ occurred about 1 month earlier than ‘Chandler’. The nut weight and kernel percentage of ‘Helete Güneşi’ were 13.41 g and 53.39%, respectively, whereas in ‘Chandler’ the values were 12.73 g and 48.23%, respectively, but were 14.62 g and 53.76% in ‘Maraş 18’. ‘Helete Güneşi’ had a higher yield value compared to its parents. The results demonstrated that ‘Helete Güneşi’ has superior traits in being selected for late leafing date, early harvest date, high yield, and good nut quality. Therefore, it can be considered as a valuable genetic resource in future breeding programs around the world.
Risk of Secondary Soil Salinization under Mixed Irrigation Using Brackish Water and Reclaimed Water
Authors: Liu Chuncheng , Cui Bingjian , Zeleke Ketema Tilahun , Hu Chao , Wu Haiqing , Cui Erping , Huang Pengfei , Gao Feng
Published: October 2021

The use of unconventional water resources is an effective way to alleviate the scarcity of freshwater resources, especially in areas where freshwater is scarce, but reclaimed water is abundant. To explore the reasonable utilization of brackish water and reclaimed water, a pot experiment was carried out to study the risk of secondary soil salinization. The experiment set two salinity levels of brackish water, four mixed irrigation ratios of brackish water and reclaimed water, and freshwater irrigation as the control. The results showed that: (1) Soil moisture content, salt content, pH, ESP, and SAR decreased with the increase in the proportion of reclaimed water in the mixture. (2) Soil exchangeable Ca2+ content under mixed irrigation was higher than that of brackish water irrigation and reclaimed water irrigation. The content was especially significantly higher under the 1:2 mixed irrigation with brackish-reclaimed water. With the increase of the proportion of reclaimed water in the mixture, soil exchangeable Na+ content decreased, and a significant difference was found between treatments. The soil exchangeable K+ decreased at first and then increased, while the soil exchangeable Ca2+ increased at first and then decreased. The trend of the change of soil exchangeable Mg2+ content was similar to that of soil exchangeable Ca2+ content. (3) Based on the soil pH value, there was no risk of soil alkalization in all treatments. Based on ESP, ESP was less than 15% under freshwater irrigation, brackish (3 g/L)-reclaimed water 1:2 mixed irrigation, and reclaimed water irrigation, indicating no risk of alkalization. However, other treatments may cause soil alkalization. (4) At 3 g/L of brackish water, there was a salinization risk when the proportion of reclaimed water in the mixture was less than 1/2, but there was no salinization risk when the proportion was greater than 1/2. At 5 g/L of brackish water, there was a salinization risk under mixed irrigation. Therefore, the mixed irrigation of brackish water and reclaimed water had the risk of secondary soil salinization, and the appropriate salinity and mixing ratio should be selected.
Biochar and Sulphur Enriched Digestate: Utilization of Agriculture Associated Waste Products for Improved Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Content, Microbial Activity, and Plant Growth
Authors: Hammerschmiedt Tereza , Holatko Jiri , Sudoma Marek , Kintl Antonin , Vopravil Jan , Ryant Pavel , Skarpa Petr , Radziemska Maja , Latal Oldrich , Brtnicky Martin
Published: October 2021

A number of agriculture residues may be used either directly or after suitable treatment as amendments to improve soil quality. Such materials include biochar made of agriculture residues, digestate or elemental sulphur obtained from biogas desulphurisation. The joint use of these materials via pre-incubation may be more advantageous than only mixing prior the application to soil. In this study, digestates were mixed with amendments and incubated for 6 weeks before application to soil in a short-term pot experiment with lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The following treatments were tested: control digestate, digestate + biochar, digestate + elemental sulphur, digestate + biochar + elemental sulphur. The biochar-enriched digestate significantly increased soil microbial biomass, soil C:N, fresh above ground biomass, fresh and dry root biomass. Elemental sulphur-enriched digestate caused highest arylsulfatase and phosphatase, increased urease, microbial biomass in soil and fresh root biomass. Amendment of digestate + biochar + sulphur led to the significantly highest total soil carbon, microbial biomass, β-glucosidase, urease, and increased C:N ratio, arylsulfatase in soil and root biomass. It mitigated the adverse effect of either biochar or elemental sulphur on soil respiration. Properties of digestates were apparently affected by pre-incubation. This approach in digestate fertilizer production may contribute to sustainable farming.
First Experimental Evidence for the Presence of Potentially Virulent Klebsiella oxytoca in 14 Species of Commonly Consumed Aquatic Animals, and Phenotyping and Genotyping of K. oxytoca Isolates
Authors: Ni Ling , Xu Yingwei , Chen Lanming
Published: October 2021

Klebsiella oxytoca is a recently emerging pathogen that can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhagic colitis, sepsis-associated purpura fulminans, and infective endocarditis in humans. The bacterium is ubiquitous in water and soil environments. Nevertheless, current literature on K. oxytoca in aquatic products is rare. In this study, we surveyed K. oxytoca contamination in 41 species of consumable aquatic animals sold in July, August, and September of 2018 and 2019 in Shanghai, China, 40 of which had no history of carrying this bacterium. K. oxytoca was for the first time isolated from 14 species with high abundance in benthic animals. None of the K. oxytoca isolates (n = 125) harbored toxin genes mviM, tisB, and yqgB. However, a high occurrence of virulence-associated genes was observed, including brkB (73.6%), cdcB (66.4%), pduV (64.8%), and virk (63.2%). Resistance to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (56.0%) was the most predominant among the isolates, followed by chloramphenicol (6.4%), tetracycline (5.6%), and kanamycin (3.2%). Approximately 8.0% of the isolates displayed multidrug resistant phenotypes. Meanwhile, high percentages of the isolates tolerated the heavy metals Cu2+ (84.8%), Pb2+ (80.8%), Cr3+ (66.4%), Zn2+ (66.4%), and Hg2+ (49.6%). Different virulence and resistance profiles were observed among K. oxytoca isolates in 3 types and 14 species of aquatic animals. The ERIC-PCR-based genome fingerprinting of the 125 K. oxytoca isolates revealed 108 ERIC genotypes with 79 singletons, which demonstrated the genetic diversity of the isolates. The results of this study fill gaps for policy and research in the risk assessment of K. oxytoca in consumable aquatic animals.
Dissection of Highly Prevalent qnrS1-Carrying IncX Plasmid Types in Commensal Escherichia coli from German Food and Livestock
Authors: Juraschek Katharina , Käsbohrer Annemarie , Malorny Burkhard , Schwarz Stefan , Meemken Diana , Hammerl Jens André
Published: October 2021

Plasmids are mobile genetic elements, contributing to the spread of resistance determinants by horizontal gene transfer. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistances (PMQRs) are important determinants able to decrease the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria against fluoroquinolones and quinolones. The PMQR gene qnrS1, especially, is broadly present in the livestock and food sector. Thus, it is of interest to understand the characteristics of plasmids able to carry and disseminate this determinant and therewith contribute to the resistance development against this class of high-priority, critically important antimicrobials. Therefore, we investigated all commensal Escherichia (E.) coli isolates, with reduced susceptibility to quinolones, recovered during the annual zoonosis monitoring 2017 in the pork and beef production chain in Germany (n = 2799). Through short-read whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, the composition of the plasmids and factors involved in their occurrence were determined. We analysed the presence and structures of predominant plasmids carrying the PMQR qnrS1. This gene was most frequently located on IncX plasmids. Although the E. coli harbouring these IncX plasmids were highly diverse in their sequence types as well as their phenotypic resistance profiles, the IncX plasmids-carrying the qnrS1 gene were rather conserved. Thus, we only detected three distinct IncX plasmids carrying qnrS1 in the investigated isolates. The IncX plasmids were assigned either to IncX1 or to IncX3. All qnrS1-carrying IncX plasmids further harboured a β-lactamase gene (bla). In addition, all investigated IncX plasmids were transmissible. Overall, we found highly heterogenic E. coli harbouring conserved IncX plasmids as vehicles for the most prevalent qnr gene qnrS1. These IncX plasmids may play an important role in the dissemination of those two resistance determinants and their presence, transfer and co-selection properties require a deeper understanding for a thorough risk assessment.
Zerumbone Exhibit Protective Effect against Zearalenone Induced Toxicity via Ameliorating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis
Authors: AbuZahra Hamad Mohammed , Rajendran Peramaiyan , Ismail Mohammad Bani
Published: October 2021

Zearalenone are widely occurring food contaminants that cause hepatotoxicity. This research work aimed to investigate how zerumbone, a plant-derived dietary compound, can fight ZEA-induced hepatotoxicity. ZER is found to increase the cells’ toxin resistance. This study was performed on mice challenged with ZEA. The administration of ZER decreased the level of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Simultaneously, ZER attenuated the inflammatory response via significantly reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum. Pretreatment with ZER reduced the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as well as the depletion of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic glutathione (GSH), and hepatic catalase (CAT). Moreover, it significantly ameliorated ZEA-induced liver damage and histological hepatocyte changes. ZER also relieved ZEA-induced apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, ZER increasingly activated Bcl2 and suppressed apoptosis marker proteins. Our findings suggest that ZER exhibits the ability to prevent ZEA-induced liver injury and present the underlying molecular basis for potential applications of ZER to cure liver injuries.
Empirical Approach to Defect Detection Probability by Acoustic Emission Testing
Authors: Barat Vera , Marchenkov Artem , Ivanov Valery , Bardakov Vladimir , Elizarov Sergey , Machikhin Alexander
Published: October 2021

Estimation of probability of defect detection (POD) is one of the most important problems in acoustic emission (AE) testing. It is caused by the influence of the material microstructure parameters on the diagnostic data, variability of noises, the ambiguous assessment of the materials emissivity, and other factors, which hamper modeling the AE data, as well as the a priori determination of the diagnostic parameters necessary for calculating POD. In this study, we propose an empirical approach based on the generalization of the experimental AE data acquired under mechanical testing of samples to a priori estimation of the AE signals emitted by the defect. We have studied the samples of common industrial steels 09G2S (similar to steel ANSI A 516-55) and 45 (similar to steel 1045) with fatigue cracks grown in laboratory conditions during cyclic testing. Empirical generalization of data using probabilistic models enables estimating the conditional probability of record emissivity and amplitudes of AE signals. This approach allows to eliminate the existing methodological gap and to build a comprehensive method for assessing the probability of fatigue cracks detection by the AE testing.
Design Process for a Birthing Bed, Based on User Hierarchy: Promoting Improvement in User Satisfaction
Authors: Cortes-Chavez Fabiola , Rossa-Sierra Alberto , Gonzalez-Muñoz Elvia Luz
Published: October 2021

The medical device design process has a responsibility to define the characteristics of the object to ensure its correct interaction with users. This study presents a proposal to improve medical device design processes in order to increase user acceptance by considering two key factors: the user hierarchy and the relationship with the patient’s health status. The goal of this study is to address this research gap and to increase design factors with practical suggestions for the design of new medical devices. The results obtained here will help medical device designers make more informed decisions about the functions and features required in the final product during the development stage. In addition, we aim to help researchers with design process didactics that demonstrate the importance of the correct execution of the process and how the factors considered can have an impact on the final product. An experiment was conducted with 40 design engineering students who designed birthing beds via two design processes: the traditional product design process and the new design process based on hierarchies (proposed in this study). The results showed a significant increase in the user acceptance of the new birthing bed developed with the hierarchical-based design process.