bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Assessments of Pediatric HBV Immunization Coverage in Mauritania and Persistence of Antibody Titers Post Infant Immunizations
Authors: El Hachimi Hala , El Alem Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed , Haimoudane Esma , Yebouk Cheikh , Pedersen Jannie , Fall-Malick F-Zahra , Khiddi Fatimetou , Abdawe Mohamed , Sadegh Sidi Ahmed , Fausther-Bovendo Hugues , Mohamed Abdellahi Mohamed Vall
Published: March 2023

Background: The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine is used worldwide as an efficient tool to prevent the occurrence of chronic HBV infection and the subsequent liver disease. However, despite decades of vaccination campaigns, millions of new infections are still reported every year. Here, we aimed to assess the nationwide HBV vaccination coverage in Mauritania as well as the presence of protective levels of the antibodies against HBV surface antigen (HBsAb) following vaccination in a sample of children immunized as infants. Methods: To evaluate the frequency of fully vaccinated and seroprotected children in Mauritania, a prospective serological study was conducted in the capital. First, we evaluated the pediatric HBV vaccine coverage in Mauritania between 2015 and 2020. Then, we examined the level of antibodies against HBV surface antigen (HBsAb) in 185 fully vaccinated children (aged 9 months to 12 years) by ELISA using the VIDAS hepatitis panel for Minividas (Biomerieux). These vaccinated children were sampled in 2014 or 2021. Results: In Mauritania, between 2016 and 2019, more than 85% of children received the complete HBV vaccine regimen. While 93% of immunized children between 0 and 23 months displayed HBsAb titer >10 IU/L, the frequency of children with similar titers decreased to 63, 58 and 29% in children aged between 24–47, 48–59 and 60–144 months, respectively. Conclusions: A marked reduction in the frequency of HBsAb titer was observed with time, indicating that HBsAb titer usefulness as marker of protection is short lived and prompting the need for more accurate biomarkers predictive of long-term protection.
Testable Candidate Immune Correlates of Protection for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccination
Authors: Kick Andrew R. , Grete Alicyn F. , Crisci Elisa , Almond Glen W. , Käser Tobias
Published: March 2023

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an on-going problem for the worldwide pig industry. Commercial and experimental vaccinations often demonstrate reduced pathology and improved growth performance; however, specific immune correlates of protection (CoP) for PRRSV vaccination have not been quantified or even definitively postulated: proposing CoP for evaluation during vaccination and challenge studies will benefit our collective efforts towards achieving protective immunity. Applying the breadth of work on human diseases and CoP to PRRSV research, we advocate four hypotheses for peer review and evaluation as appropriate testable CoP: (i) effective class-switching to systemic IgG and mucosal IgA neutralizing antibodies is required for protective immunity; (ii) vaccination should induce virus-specific peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production with central memory and effector memory phenotypes; cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) proliferation and IFN-γ production with a CCR7- phenotype that should migrate to the lung; (iii) nursery, finishing, and adult pigs will have different CoP; (iv) neutralizing antibodies provide protection and are rather strain specific; T cells confer disease prevention/reduction and possess greater heterologous recognition. We believe proposing these four CoP for PRRSV can direct future vaccine design and improve vaccine candidate evaluation.
Ex Vivo Immune Responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.1 Following Vaccination with Unmodified mRNA-Vaccine
Authors: Kuechler Anna Sabrina , Heger Eva , Wirtz Maike , Weinhold Sandra , Uhrberg Markus , Boege Fritz , Schulze-Bosse Karin
Published: March 2023

(1) Background: The high incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vaccinated persons underscores the importance of individualized re-vaccination. PanIg antibodies that act against the S1/-receptor binding domain quantified in serum by a routine diagnostic test (ECLIA, Roche) can be used to gauge the individual ex vivo capacity of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. However, that test is not adapted to mutations in the S1/-receptor binding domain, having accumulated in SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, it might be unsuited to determine immune-reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 BA.5.1. (2) Method: To address this concern, we re-investigated sera obtained six months after second vaccinations with un-adapted mRNA vaccine Spikevax (Moderna). We related serum levels of panIg against the S1/-receptor binding domain quantified by the un-adapted ECLIA with full virus neutralization capacity against SARS-CoV-2 B.1 or SARS-CoV-2 BA5.1. (3) Results: 92% of the sera exhibited sufficient neutralization capacity against the B.1 strain. Only 20% of the sera sufficiently inhibited the BA5.1 strain. Sera inhibiting BA5.1 could not be distinguished from non-inhibiting sera by serum levels of panIg against the S1/-receptor binding domain quantified by the un-adapted ECLIA. (4) Conclusion: Quantitative serological tests for an antibody against the S1/-receptor binding domain are unsuited as vaccination companion diagnostics, unless they are regularly adapted to mutations that have accumulated in that domain.
CT Characteristics of the Thymus in Adult Dogs with Non-Thymic Neoplasia Compared to Young Dogs
Authors: Cordella Alessia , Saunders Jimmy H. , Stock Emmelie
Published: March 2023

The thymus is a lymphatic mediastinal organ that is largely subject to changes with age. In human patients, the CT characteristics of the thymus in children and adults is well described. Furthermore, it is known in human medicine that stress can lead to a reduction in the size of the thymus, followed by a phase of hyperplasia (called the ‘rebound effect’). The visualization of thymic tissue in the cranial mediastinum of adult dogs with neoplasia is possible and could be related to a similar effect. In this study, we aimed to describe the CT characteristics of the thymus in adult dogs with neoplasia and to compare the aspect of the thymus in these dogs to juvenile dogs with a presumed normal thymus. A total of 11 adult dogs with neoplasia and 20 juvenile dogs were included. Several CT features of the thymus were evaluated, including the size, shape, and pre- and post-contrast attenuation values. The overall appearance was lobulated in all of the adult dogs and homogeneous in all of the juvenile dogs; it was left-sided in all of the adult dogs, while it was located in the midline in a few of the juvenile dogs (right-sided only in one). The thymus was less attenuating in adult dogs, in some cases with negative minimum pre-contrast attenuation values. In some dogs with neoplasia, the thymus can be detected at CT examination despite their age.
Identification of Contracaecum rudolphii (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Great Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Blumenbach, 1978) from Southern Italy
Authors: Cammilleri Gaetano , D’Amelio Stefano , Ferrantelli Vincenzo , Costa Antonella , Buscemi Maria Drussilla , Castello Annamaria , Bacchi Emanuela , Goffredo Elisa , Mancini Maria Emanuela , Cavallero Serena
Published: March 2023

In this study, four dead great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Blumenbach, 1978) specimens, collected from the coasts and lakes of Southern Italy, were examined by necropsy for the detection of Contraceacum sp. The adults and larvae found were subjected to morphological analysis and molecular identification by PCR-RFLP. A total of 181 Contracaecum specimens were detected in all of the four great cormorants examined (prevalence = 100%), showing an intensity of infestation between nine and ninety-two. A co-infestation by adult and larval forms of Contracaecum rudolphii was found only in one of the great cormorants examined. Following molecular investigations, 48 specimens of C. rudolphii A and 38 specimens of C. rudolphii B were detected, revealing co-infestation solely for the great cormorant from Leporano Bay (Southern Italy). Our results showed an opposite ratio between C. rudolphii A and C. rudolphii B in Pantelleria and in Salso Lake (Southern Italy) compared to what was reported in the literature, probably due to migratory stopovers and the ecology of the infested fish species, confirming the role of Contracaecum nematodes as ecological tags of their hosts.
Changes in Dog Behaviour Associated with the COVID-19 Lockdown, Pre-Existing Separation-Related Problems and Alterations in Owner Behaviour
Authors: Sherwell Emila-Grace , Panteli Eirini , Krulik Tracy , Dilley Alexandra , Root-Gutteridge Holly , Mills Daniel S.
Published: March 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns provided an opportunity to assess what factors, including changes in an owner’s routine and time spent at home, were associated with changes in dog behaviour. We undertook a longitudinal survey over a period of 8 months during which we asked about people’s work patterns, dog management, and their dogs’ behaviour. Generalized linear models revealed that the pre-existence of signs of potential separation-related problems, and especially vocalisation, self-injury, and chewing to escape confinement, was associated with an increase in a range of separation issues. Dogs showing separation-related signs prior to COVID were also more likely to develop more problems during lockdown. Management changes tended to result in increased physical and social stress, with a range of potential compensatory actions taken by the dog, however these signs of stress did not generally appear to be connected to separation-related issues. Survival analysis was used to investigate the emergence of specific issues over time. This indicated that a change to working from home was related initially to a decreased risk of aggression towards the owner, but over time, those who continued to work from the home were at an increased risk of this problem. No other significant time-related relationships were found.
Application of Multiparametric Flow Cytometry Panels to Study Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Tuberculin-Positive Cattle
Authors: Manzo-Sandoval Anabelle , Jaramillo-Meza Laura , Olguín-Alor Roxana , Sánchez-Torres Luvia Enid , Díaz-Otero Fernando
Published: March 2023

Flow cytometry (FC) is widely used in microbiology, immunology, hematology, and oncology. In the veterinary field, FC enabled the study of the immune response in cattle infected with different pathogens, as well as vaccine testing. However, few fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies recognize bovine antigens, limiting the possible benefits of FC and the implementation of multiparametric analysis for more complex studies. Two cytometry panels with five colors each were designed and implemented for the study and identification of populations and subpopulations of T cells derived from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of dairy heifers. Both panels detected differences in T cell subpopulations between heifers positively and negatively tested for tuberculin; they detected overexpression of CD25+ and CD45RO+ in tuberculin-positive heifers after stimulation with a culture filtrate protein extract (CFPE) from Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). We identified subpopulations of T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using two multicolor panels. These panels could be used to analyze total bovine blood in immunopathogenic studies and vaccine development. The same strategy could be implemented in other species of veterinary interest.
Free and Forced Vibration Behaviors of Magnetodielectric Effect in Magnetorheological Elastomers
Authors: Jafari Hamid , Sedaghati Ramin
Published: March 2023

This paper is concerned with the free and forced vibration responses of a magneto/electroactive dielectric elastomer, emphasizing the chaotic phenomena. The dielectric elastomers under external magnetic and electrical excitations undergo large elastic deformation. The magnetodielectric elastomer is modeled based on the Gent–Gent strain energy function to incorporate the influence of the second invariant and the strain stiffening. The viscoelasticity of the active polymer is also considered in the form of Rayleigh’s dissipation function. The equation of motion is governed with the aid of the Lagrangian equation in terms of a physical quantity, namely, the stretch of the elastomer. An energy-based approach is utilized to re-evaluate the static and DC voltage instabilities of the resonator. Time-stretch response (time history behavior), phase plane diagram, Poincaré map, and fast Fourier transform are numerically obtained and presented to explore the chaotic oscillation behavior of the active polymer actuators. The results reveal that the magnetic field may tune the stability and instability regions of the active polymeric membrane. It has also been shown that the applied magnetic field may lead to chaotic vibration responses when a sinusoidal voltage is applied simultaneously to the system. The results presented in this paper can be effectively used to design magnetic and electrical soft robotic actuators and elastomer membranes under electrical and magnetic stimulants.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Compound Channels with Staged Floodplains: Flow Interactions and Turbulent Structures
Authors: Singh Prateek Kumar , Tang Xiaonan , Rahimi Hamidreza
Published: March 2023

Numerous sources of overtopping and flood events suggest different cross-sectional land characteristics of the river and urban river water systems. Multiple stages of floodplains in compound channels are viable in urban areas to facilitate bank slope stability and a higher discharge capacity for different flow rates. The complexity of the contiguous floodplains’ compound channel flows manifold with the interactive geometry and roughness of the surrounding floodplains. In the present study, a large-eddy simulation study is undertaken to investigate the turbulent structure of open channels with multiple-stage floodplains. The validation uses experimental data collected at individual contiguous multiple-stage floodplains for three depth ratios from shallow to deep flow regimes. The wall-modelled large eddy simulations were validated with the depth-averaged velocity, primary velocity and secondary currents. Furthermore, the impact of the multiple-stage floodplains on the instantaneous flow fields and large-scale vortical structures is predicted herein. It was found that vortical structures affect the distribution of the momentum exchange over multiple-stage floodplains.
Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of Construction Load on the Cutoff Wall in Reservoir Engineering
Authors: Sun Yongshuai , Lei Anping , Yang Ke , Wang Guihe
Published: March 2023

Relying on the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Expressway widening project near the impervious wall of a reservoir, this paper uses FLAC3D two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical simulation methods to establish the whole process model of the impervious wall of the reservoir affected by the construction load of the high-way reconstruction section. The stress and strain state of the cut-off wall in the high-way reconstruction section and the nearby reservoir is simulated in detail, the overall deformation of the cut-off wall in the reservoir is directly reflected, and the interaction and differential deformation between the wall structures are reflected. The safety and stability of the cutoff wall of the reservoir affected by the construction load are evaluated so that various advanced mechanical behaviors of the cutoff wall can be predicted. Research results show that the horizontal displacement value of the wall gradually increases from bottom to top, and the maximum value appears at the top of the wall. The horizontal displacement value of the 1–3 walls is relatively large, with the maximum value of 22.368 mm, and the horizontal displacement value of the 4–10 walls shows little difference. This is on account of the gravity of the backfill, the strata in the whole project area having settled, and the settlement at the bottom of the cut-off wall being 2.542 mm. At the root of the rigid cut-off wall, the compressive stress concentration occurs, with the maximum value between 1.75 MPa and 2.15 MPa. Due to the size of the structure, the maximum tensile stress of 0.237 MPa appears in the local area near the guide wall of the rigid cut-off wall, which will not endanger the rigid cut-off wall because of its small value. The maximum stress in the rigid impervious wall and the plastic impervious wall are 1.90–2.15 MPa and 1.00–1.12 MPa, respectively. Apart from the small tensile stress at the connecting guide wall between the rigid cut-off wall and the plastic concrete cut-off wall, the cut-off wall is under pressure, especially the plastic cut-off wall. Combined with the analysis of the stress state of the wall, it can be determined that the anti-seepage wall (rigid cut-off wall and plastic concrete cut-off wall) is stable and safe during the construction period.
Historical Drought Events in the Early Years of Qing Dynasty in Shanxi Based on Hydrological Reconstructions
Authors: Qu Yanping , Zhang Xuejun , Zeng Jingyu , Li Zhe , Lv Juan
Published: March 2023

Droughts are serious natural disasters that adversely affect water resources, agriculture, the economy, and the environment. Reconstructing historical drought records is necessary to assess the impact of droughts and their evolution and has become a top priority to support and improve sustainable water management decisions. In this study, we used Shanxi Province as the research area, and meteorological data from the early years of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty were reconstructed using historical rain and snow records. The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model is driven by the reconstruction of historical meteorological data. The study area’s monthly runoff and soil water sequence from 1875 to 1879 were simulated, and the hydrology and soil of the ancient historical period were reproduced in the absence of data. The results show the following: (1) The idea of reconstructing hydrological parameters using historical data is feasible and the VIC model can be used to study drought characteristics under specific scenarios. (2) The proportions of areas with runoff depths less than 10 mm throughout Shanxi from 1875 to 1879 were 55%, 48%, 58%, 19%, and 30%. The annual runoff depth in each region from 1875 to 1877 was less than 60 mm. The hydrological drought from 1875 to 1877 was very serious, and the area covered by the drought was relatively large. (3) The annual average soil water content of various regions was stable between 150 and 510 mm from 1875 to 1879. The soil water content had no apparent interannual variation. The area with soil water content less than 180 mm accounted for ratios as high as 31%. This research provides new ideas for ancient drought research and a scientific basis for regional drought prevention, mitigation, and water resources management, and ensures the orderly progress of agricultural production activities.
Stenting of the main pancreatic duct as a prevention of the acute post-manipulation pancreatitis development during endoscopic surgery in patients with benign diseases of the bilio-pancreatoduodenal area. Literature review
Authors:   State Budgetary Institution V. P. Demikhov City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Department of Health, Russia, Sadovnikova E. Y. , Klimov A. E. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia», Moscow, Russia, Ivanov V. A. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia», Moscow, Russia, Persov M. Y. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia», Moscow, Russia, Nazarov D. T. ,   Arnasay Central Hospital, Republic of Uzbekistan, Jizikh region, Arnasay district
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to analyze the literature on stenting of the main pancreatic duct in order to prevent the development of acute post-manipulation pancreatitis in patients with benign diseases of the bilio-pancreatoduodenal area. Stenting of the main pancreatic duct is applied in treatment of ductal strictures and choledocholithiasis, pseudocysts drainage, duct injuries, dysfunction and stenosis of the sphincter of the major duodenum papilla. The results of the literature analysis show that completion of endoscopic operations on the papilla Vater with stenting of the main pancreatic duct is an effective preventive measure of complications, allowing achieving good results in the treatment of patients with benign diseases of the pancreatoduodenal area.
Megacolon, particular case of ledd syndrome. Clinical observation
Authors:   City clinical hospital № 24 Health Department of Moscow, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Malgina N. V. , Razbirin V. N. ,   City clinical hospital № 24 Health Department of Moscow, Koltsov A. I. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
Published: March 2023

The article describes a clinical observation of Ledd’s syndrome complicated by total megacolon. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of this pathology are discussed.
No title
Authors:   No org, Name No
Published: March 2023

None
Views evolution on the foreign trade nature for the formation of state foreign trade policy
Authors:   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow, Iordanova V. G. , Bojko A. R. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Moscow
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the article is to consider Views evolution on the foreign trade nature for the formation of state foreign trade policy. The countries specialization in the production of certain goods that has developed in the modern world economy and the international division of labor based on it, based on the analysis of theoretical views on the nature of foreign trade, really collectively contributes to the development of the world economy. The main reason for this circumstance is the nature of specialization associated with the presence of excess production factors in the country, which make it possible to reduce costs and produce globally competitive products. At the same time, despite the fact that with such a division of labour, the world economy as a whole functions more effi ciently, the economies of individual countries participating in such a division can develop in diff erent ways. The key, from the point of view of ensuring long-term economic growth, in this regard, will be the subject of specialization of a particular country. So if it specializes in the production of products with high added value (the degree may vary depending on whether such products are high-tech, innovative or standardized industrial), the positive effect of its specialization will be maximum. At the same time, with the country’s international specialization in the production of raw materials, in the long term, the economic growth rate in it will decrease, and it will become poorer in general. In addition, the country’s large endowment with available natural resources, in the absence of reasonable state regulation of foreign trade relations, determines its place in the international division of labour as a supplier of raw materials. The above proposals can be applied by state executive, legislative and judicial authorities, as well as educational institutions in the educational process.
Assessing comparative advantage in agricultural trade
Authors:   RUDN University, Moscow, Guo Jian
Published: March 2023

With the growth of globalization, international cooperation increases the pace of development. Each country has a number of competitive advantages that are formed due to geographic, climatic and economic conditions. As part of the study of agriculture, the author noted that the assessment of the country’s comparative advantage cannot be limited to traditional theories of international trade focused on comparative advantage. Attention should be drawn to theories that emphasize the variability of comparative advantage; development of diff erentiated products should be enhanced, high level of intra-industry trade should be developed.
María Delia Vargas, una actriz en busca de su(s) personaje(s)
Authors: Sosa Marcela Beatriz
Published: March 2023

En consonancia con el objetivo de recuperar el rol de la mujer en las prácticas teatrales que conforman la cultura argentina a partir de la mitad del siglo XX, se pretende rescatar las trayectorias de aquellas dramaturgas, directoras, actrices que no ocuparon el centro de la escena nacional porque desarrollaron su actividad en provincias. Con respecto a las actrices, el objetivo de historiar la labor escénica de estas mujeres se complejiza aún más por la escasez o pérdida de documentación en campos teatrales no hegemónicos.

Este trabajo aspira a reconstituir el papel que le tocó desempeñar a María Delia Vargas en grupos fundacionales del teatro salteño como el Teatro Estudio Phersu o el Grupo de Arte Dramático, a fin de contribuir a la visibilización del rol femenino en la historia de las prácticas escénicas locales. En este sentido, se destaca la voluntad férrea de María Delia Vargas y otras mujeres que batallaron por ocupar el escenario, frente a un imaginario heteropatriarcal que las estigmatizaba.

Focalizando en la figura emblemática de María Delia Vargas, se espera aportar nuevos elementos para la progresiva construcción de una “memoria cultural local” que dé cuenta, tanto de la pluralidad de las prácticas artísticas de la provincia –más allá del folklore o la poesía- como de la relevancia de la mujer en el desarrollo de su teatro.
Incidência da Depressão após a pandemia no Brasil
Authors: Soerger Patrícia , Ferreira Cláudio Henrique de Assis , Dos Santos Daniel Aparecido , Do Nascimento Deise Gonçalves , Da Cruz Eduardo Pelizzari Raizel , Queiroga Frederico Fernandes , China Mayara Jéssica Monteiro , Dias Pedro Henrique Fernandes Siqueira , Reis Renata de Castro , Costa Safira Monteiro , De Siqueira Tainara Suelen
Published: March 2023

Introdução: Após a identificação inicial em dezembro de 2019 na cidade de Wuhan, província de Hubei localizada na China Central, o Vírus intitulado como SARS-CoV-2 desencadeou a COVID-19, a qual rapidamente se espalhou pelo mundo. Objetivo: Identificar a incidência de depressão após o período pandêmico. Método: Revisão bibliográfica da literatura realizada em janeiro de 2023 nas bases de dados BVS, MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF através dos seguintes DeCS: “COVID-19”, “Saúde Mental”, “Qualidade de vida” combinados entre si pelo operador booleano AND. Foram encontrados 55 estudos e após aplicar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 8 estudos para compor a revisão. Utilizou-se como pergunta norteadora: “Houve um aumento na incidência da depressão após o período pandêmico?” Resultados: O advento da pandemia da COVID-19 ocasionou um impacto significativo no que tange a saúde mental da população. As pesquisas demonstram que a saúde mental foi impactada pelos distúrbios no sono, econômicos e por meio do desenvolvimento de patologias como a depressão. O grupo mais atingido por essas alterações significativas no estilo de vida comum foram os jovens. Nota-se comumente que essa piora na saúde mental esteve relacionada com os desafios da adesão às recomendações de saúde comportamentais. Conclusão: Compreende-se a partir dos fatores mencionados que os sintomas depressivos e os hábitos comportamentais estão relacionados, os quais foram desencadeados pelas medidas e restrições adotadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Observou-se ao longo desse estudo que o comportamento sexual e a autopercepção dos indivíduos também sofreram alterações.
Caracterización y estudio patológico de los principales deterioros en obras bidimensionales contemporáneas a través de una obra de Rubén Guerrero
Authors: Zambrana-Vega María Dolores , Molina-Liñán María Mercedes
Published: March 2023

Creación de imagen superampliable para el estudio de la pintura de caballete, a través de una obra del artista contemporáneo Rubén Guerrero, cuya investigación y praxis pictórica está generando una serie de patologías en su obra creativa.
Se podrá analizar el estado técnico-conservativo de las pinturas con la finalidad de que los estudiantes adquieran experiencia y práctica visual en la identificación, evaluación y estudio de los distintos agentes de deterioro que inciden en la conservación de esta disciplina artística.
Migración infantil y rutas del narcotráfico
Authors:   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Furlong Aurora , Netzahualcoyotzi Raúl ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Hernández Edwin ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Published: March 2023

Se analiza el fenómeno de la migración forzada infantil en su paso por las principales rutas migratorias de México, las cuales son controladas por grupos criminales, situación que representa un peligro para los infantes, pero un beneficio para los traficantes. Es un estudio de tipo cualitativo y cuantitativo, además, combina la observación participante y la interpretación de la teoría de economía subterránea. Se analizan diferentes temas: capital transnacional como causa estructural de la migración, niveles de ingreso, edad de los niños y redes del narcotráfico. En las conclusiones se destaca que la trata, el narcotráfico y la migración han adquirido aspectos de un mismo proceso cuyo origen es el precario desarrollo y condiciones sociales y económicas, así como el proceso de privatización de recursos naturales de vastas regiones de México, las nuevas formas de violencia y el despojo territorial por parte de grupos criminales.
De Centroamérica a Venezuela. Desplazados y migración forzada en la agenda geopolítica de Estados Unidos
Authors:   Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Villafuerte Solís Daniel , García Aguilar María del Carmen ,   Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas
Published: March 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las causas subyacentes de la movilidad humana en la región norte de Centroamérica, conocida como Triángulo Norte, y en Venezuela. Se distinguen las diferencias en las causas y el significado de las migraciones en ambos casos y se constata la existencia de una geopolítica de Estados Unidos que tolera a Centroamérica mientras condena a Venezuela. Resalta el uso político de la migración para sancionar a Venezuela, al exhibir el refugio como expresión de la tiranía del gobierno venezolano, en tanto que para Centroamérica se silencia la existencia de un modelo económico extractivista, maquilador y concentrador de la riqueza como factor de expulsión de población.
Los límites de la política migratoria
Authors:   University of Sussex, Skeldon Ronald ,   Maastricht University
Published: March 2023

The sheer complexity of migration policies defies easy categorization. The complexity applies both to policies designed specifically to address migration, direct policies, and to policies designed for some other objective but which can have profound impacts upon migration, indirect policies. For reasons of practicality, this entry focuses primarily of the direct policies of immigration, emigration, migration and development, and integration. While the state is central to any analysis of migration policy, so, too, have become subnational units such as metropolitan areas, as well as supra-national units such as regional groupings. The multilateral, global level also provides a normative framework. Migration policy becomes challenged by underlying economic, political and social trends and the specific example of the «shock» of covid-19 is examined. The varying policy responses in the migration and development debate are outlined, which often give the illusion of control rather than of any ability to promote development or achieve objectives. Probabilities of success are only likely where migration policies are fully integrated into wider development policies.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Kreatif Matematis serta Literasi Digital Siswa melalui Model Blended-Comprehensive Mathematics Instruction Berbantuan Geogebra
Authors: Delima Nita , Elfandi Putri , Ramadhani Dini Dwi , Nurhayati Wanti Siti , Budiman Gagah Kharisma Putra , Fatrizian Diaz Alda
Published: March 2023

Kemampuan berpikir secara kritis dan kreatif sangat diperlukan dalam kehidupan, demikian pula dengan literasi digital sangat berperan dalam memberikan kontribusi pada masyarakat. Model comprehensive mathematics instruction (CMI) telah terbukti mampu meningkatkan kemampuan mathematical thinking siswa, sehingga model CMI diduga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif matematis siswa. Geogebra merupakan salah satu platform pembelajaran yang dapat memberikan visualisasi yang baik, sehingga geogebra diduga akan meningkatkan literasi digital siswa. Pembelajaran blended dapaat menjadi solusi dalam meningkatkan literasi digital siswa. Model blended-CMI berbantuan Geogebra diduga dapat memberikan dampak positif pada peningkatan literasi digital siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif matematis siswa yang menggunakan model blended-CMI berbantuan Geogebra lebih baik dari pada siswa yang menggunakan model PBM, serta untuk mengetahui bagaimana peningkatan literasi digital siswa setelah memperoleh pembelajaran model blended-CMI berbantuan Geogebra. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Blended–CMI berbantuan Geogebra mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif matematis serta berdampak positif paada peningkatan literasi digital siswa.
High-power EUV free-electron laser for future lithography
Authors: Nakamura Norio , Kato Ryukou , Sakai Hiroshi , Tsuchiya Kimichika , Tanimoto Yasunori , Honda Yosuke , Miyajima Tsukasa , Shimada Miho , Tanikawa Takanori , Tanaka Olga A. , Obina Takashi , Kawata Hiroshi
Published: March 2023

The development of a high-power EUV light source is very important in EUV lithography to overcome the stochastic effects for higher throughput and higher numerical aperture (NA) in the future. We have designed and studied a high-power EUV free-electron laser (FEL) based on energy-recovery linac (ERL) for future lithography. We show that the EUV-FEL light source has many advantages, such as extremely high EUV power without tin debris, upgradability to a Beyond EUV (BEUV) FEL, polarization controllability for high-NA lithography, low electricity consumption, and low construction and running costs per scanner, as compared to the laser-produced plasma source used for the present EUV lithography exposure tool. Furthermore, the demonstration of proof of concept (PoC) of the EUV-FEL is in progress using the IR-FEL in the Compact ERL (cERL) at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization. In this paper, we present the EUV-FEL light source for future lithography and progress in the PoC of the EUV-FEL.
Observation of nanopipes in edge-defined film-fed grown β-Ga2O3 substrate and their effect on homoepitaxial surface hillocks
Authors: Nishikawa Tomoka , Goto Ken , Murakami Hisashi , Kumagai Yoshinao , Uemukai Masahiro , Tanikawa Tomoyuki , Katayama Ryuji
Published: March 2023

β-Ga2O3 substrates and homoepitaxial films were characterized using the multiphoton excitation photoluminescence (MPPL) method. MPPL emission peaks at 3.2 and 3.36 eV were obtained with broad shoulders on the low energy side. MPPL images showed the presence of nanopipes in the substrate with a unique contrast. Three-dimensional MPPL imaging revealed the distribution and spatial location of the nanopipes. All the nanopipes were elongated along the [010] direction with diameters of approximately 0.4–1.0 μm and lengths of 10–30 μm. The nanopipes were aligned in the [100] and [001] directions with sub-micron spacing in the (0

1
¯

0)-oriented substrate. The nanopipes were located under the hillocks at the homoepitaxial surface. The nanopipes are suggested to trigger the hillock growth by transforming into threading dislocations in the homoepitaxial film.
Assùrgere
Authors: Coletti Vittorio
Published: March 2023

Alcuni lettori ci chiedono chiarimenti sul verbo assurgere: può essere transitivo? Ed esiste la forma riflessiva? L’ausiliare è essere o avere?
Para una didáctica de la mediación lingüística
Authors:   Universidad de Barcelona, Cantero Serena Francisco José , Recio-Pineda Sara ,   Universidad de Barcelona
Published: March 2023

La palabra mediación se emplea en muchos ámbitos. En el de la enseñanza de lenguas, conviene reivindicar y entender el matiz que aporta el término, más específico, de mediación lingüística. Como se argumenta a lo largo de este libro, no todas las actividades de mediación que se desglosan tras los tres focos de atención que proponen los documentos del Consejo de Europa (mediar textos, mediar conceptos, mediar la comunicación) son de mediación lingüística, porque esas actividades no siempre suponen la transformación o la gestión de los códigos lingüísticos que intervienen en la comunicación. Esta obra explora qué es la mediación lingüística y cómo se convierte en una competencia comunicativa específica del hablante. Se revisan los distintos tipos de mediación lingüística y se propone una extensa lista de actividades que permitirán trabajarla en el aula. Se muestran los elementos que han de intervenir en el proceso de mediación para que pueda evaluarse y cuáles son las estrategias que se activan en cada fase del proceso. Tras dar las pautas para diferenciar qué es una actividad de mediación lingüística y qué no lo es, se reflexiona sobre cómo el hecho de trabajar la mediación lingüística en el aula puede ayudar en el desarrollo de otras competencias comunicativas como la producción, la percepción o la interacción. Por último, se plantea un modelo objetivo de evaluación de la mediación lingüística que es fácilmente adaptable a distintos contextos académicos. El lector encontrará claves nuevas para una didáctica de la mediación lingüística en el aula, desde una perspectiva técnica, esencialmente práctica, y a partir de la voz crítica de los profesores de lengua.
El error médico y su ausencia en las facultades
Authors: Pulgarín-Gallego David Alejandro
Published: March 2023

El error médico es cualquier acto no intencional que vaya en detrimento de la salud del paciente que en la mayoría de las ocasiones es multicausal u originarse en la complejidad de los sistemas de salud modernos. Dado que ninguna especialidad médica está exenta de ellos es necesario brindar educación desde el pregrado para saber afrontarlo.
Bloqueo aurículo-ventricular completo secundario a vacuna BBIBP-CorV
Authors: Dulcey Sarmiento Luis Andrés , Moreno-Parra Héctor Alonso , Caltagirone-Micelo Raimondo , Therán-León Juan Sebastián , Castillo-Blanco Jhon Freddy , Visintini-Pacheco Andrés , Parales-Strauch Rafael Guillermo
Published: March 2023

Introducción: la presencia de complicaciones cardiovasculares por la infección secundaria a COVID-19 son bastante frecuentes; sin embargo, las reportadas como reacción vacunal son escasas.

Presentación del caso: paciente femenina sin antecedentes cardiovasculares de importancia quien posterior a la tercera dosis de vacuna BBIBP-CorV a los 14 días inicia con deterioro de clase funcional asociado a tres episodios sincopales, es valorada en primer nivel ordenándose un electrocardiograma que mostraba un bloqueo aurículo-ventricular Mobitz 2 que progresa a completo. Las pruebas moleculares para infección por COVID-19 fueron negativas, los estudios inmunológicos para enfermedades del colágeno, Chagas, así como miocarditis viral fueron negativas. El ecocardiograma transtorácico no evidenció alteraciones de la cinesia regional, la fracción de eyección se encontró conservada en un 60%. Se realizó resonancia magnética cardiaca, que mostró edema en secuencias T2-STIR y realce subepicárdico en región medio distal lateral compatible con miocarditis aguda. La paciente requirió de un marcapasos permanente.

Discusión: la presencia de disfunción eléctrica o mecánica secundaria a vacuna contra COVID-19 es anecdótica existiendo escasos reportes en la literatura. En una revisión de las guías tanto de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología 2021 como de la American Heart Association 2018 sobre estimulación cardiaca y terapia de resincronización cardiaca, no se encontró recomendación en el caso de este tipo de eventos adversos asociados con COVID-19 o después de la vacunación. Debe crearse una red internacional para reportar dichos eventos y así establecer recomendaciones generales de manejo. Por el momento, las recomendaciones deben ser individualizadas en estos pacientes.
Consenso para el manejo práctico de la urticaria en atención primaria.
Authors: SANCHEZ JORGE , Garcia Elizabeth , Tamayo Liliana , Velasquez Margarita , Santos Lina , Gaitan Julian , Hamann Echeverry Otto , Hamann Echeverry Otto , Sanchez Jorge Leonardo , Espinosa Tatiana
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN: La urticaria es una enfermedad de alto impacto en la cálida de vida de los pacientes que la padecen. A pesar de que existen múltiples guías basadas en la evidencia, suelen estar dirigidas a brindar recomendaciones a los especialistas en su manejo y no a los médicos de atención primaria quienes suelen ser los primeros en atender al paciente con urticaria.
OBJETIVO: Construir un documento de consenso que tiene como objetivo presentar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia que permitan a los médicos generales, médicos de familia, pediatras, médicos internistas y médicos de urgencia, realizar una atención oportuna a los pacientes con urticaria facilitando su diagnóstico y manejo de forma oportuna evitando retrasos para el paciente.
METODOLOGÍA: Se utilizó como fuente de información las guías internacionales de urticaria con recomendaciones basadas en el sistema GRADE; se convocó a delegados de las sociedades científicas interesadas y mediante reuniones estructuradas se identificaron las barreras de atención y las posibles soluciones para la aplicación de las recomendaciones en la atención primaria.
RESULTADOS: Se identificaron las principales barreras que tienen los médicos de atención primaria para la aplicación de las guías; Confusión en el diagnóstico, tiempo correcto de tratamiento, medicamentos de primera línea, manejo en situaciones especiales. Se propusieron posibles soluciones de consenso para cada barrera identificada.
CONCLUSIÓN: Este documento consenso contiene recomendaciones en cuanto al manejo y tratamiento de la urticaria aguda y crónica que permiten al médico de atención primaria ofrecer un tratamiento oportuno y eficaz para los pacientes con la enfermedad.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN MIPH AND OPEN HEMORRHOIDECTOMY IN TERMS OF PAIN, BLEEDING AND RECURRENCE
Authors: Jani Rushabh , Rajput Abhijeet , Rabari Dixit , Chauhan Vineet
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Minimally invasive procedure for hemorrhoids (stapler hemorrhoidectomy) has been considered as a
novel technique in the surgical treatment of prolapsed hemorrhoids. Although it involves substantial added cost, it
resulted in shorter period of convalescence in comparison with Open hemorrhoidectomy. T Aim: o investigate and compare the outcome and
post-operative complications in patients with grade 2, 3 and 4 hemorrhoids who underwent hemorrhoidectomy with either Stapler
hemorrhoidectomy or Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. A total of 80 patients betwee Methods: n the age group 28 to 40 years who were
diagnosed with grade 2, 3 and 4 hemorrhoids, were divided into two groups equally. Group- 1 contains 40 Patients undergoing Stapler
hemorrhoidectomy and Group- 2 contains 40 Patients undergoing Open hemorrhoidectomy/Milligan Morgan. Post-operatively patients of both
the groups were assessed for bleeding, pain against pre-operative symptom prole, development of recurrence and long-term complications..
Results: MIPH is associated with signicantly less post operative pain (p<0.05), less post operative bleeding(p<0.05) and equal recurrence, when
compared with open hemorrhoidectomy. Both methods were effective in the treatme Conclusion: nt of hemorrhoidectomy, however the
advantages of Stapler hemorrhoidectomy in terms of lesser operative time and intra and post-operative bleeding and lower incidence of various
post-operative complications was observed
COMPARING EFFICACY OF SODIUM FEREDETATE AND FERROUS ASCORBATE IN THE TREATMENT OF ANEMIA IN ANTENATAL WOMEN
Authors: Anisha Anisha , Patki Surhud , Kunte Aditi
Published: March 2023

Aim: Type of Study : To compare efcacy and side effects of Sodium Feredetate and Ferrous Ascorbate Prospective
,randomized, comparative clinical study 50 antenatal women with haemoglobin be Materials and methods : tween 8-10
gm % attending the out patient department divided into groups of 2 by randomization were treated with ferrous ascorbate (100mg elemental Iron )
and Sodium feredetate (33 mg elemental Iron ) for 30 days. Haemoglobin and ferritin estimation was done on day 0 and day 30 There Results :
was signicant and comparable rise in haemoglobin and serum Ferritin in both the groups on day 30 Lower doses of elemental iron – Conclusion :
Sodium Feredetate (33 mg elemental Iron) per day produce similar rise in haemoglobin levels as compared to ferrous ascorbate (100 mg
elemental Iron) per day
A CLINICAL STUDY ON KERATOMYCOSIS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Ramabharathi N. , Dappodi Anusha , V. Bhavani M.
Published: March 2023

AIM : To study etiology , epidemiological factors leading to keratomycosis in various subgroups of population like
different age and sex groups. To determine spectrum of ocular manifestations in patients with keratomycosis. METHODS
: This is a prospective study done in 100 patients of fungal keratitis over a period of 1 year with proper recordings of snellens visual acuity chart,
slit lamp biomicroscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, conrmed by culture, histology and confocal microscopy, PCR, in patients
attending tertiary care hospital , kakinada. This study was conducted in 100 pati RESULTS : ents , of most common age group was 31-40 years
i.e, which most exposed to trauma to cornea with vegetative matter, immunocompromised people, over usage of steroids and antibiotics and
many factors. Males are more affected and among agricultural workers with mostly unilateral in presentation. Majority presented with pain,
redness , foreign body sensations, defective vision. Ulcer is dirty looking, feathery margins with wessely ring and satellite lesions.
CONCLUSION: Fungal infections of cornea continue to be an important cause of ocular morbidity, particularly in the communities of
agriculture of developing countries. A proper understanding of agent and host factors involved in these infections will improve the outcome of this
condition.