bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bicondylar Hoffa fracture with concurrent medial and lateral collateral ligament avulsion: A case report
Authors: Noorigaravand Sajad , Heidari Razieh , Tayyebi Hamed , Shirvani Saeid , Amiri Shayan
Published: June 2023

Hoffa fractures are rare fractures of the femoral condyle that occur in the coronal plane of the bone. In most cases, high‐energy trauma leads to isolated coronal fractures of one of the femoral condyles, medial or lateral. Even with a typical unicondylar Hoffa fracture, our patient sustained a bicondylar Hoffa fracture in his right knee after falling from high and suffering direct trauma as well. The fracture was approached from both the medial and lateral sides of the distal femur. Three‐month follow‐up showed excellent functional scores, no laxity, and no pain.
Exploring the relationship between investors' financial literacy and advisor use with securities‐based loans
Authors: Sommer Matthew , Todd Timothy M. , Lim HanNa
Published: June 2023

Past literature has explored the characteristics of individuals who use high‐interest and tax‐inefficient consumer debt products, such as carrying a monthly credit card balance and engaging with alternative financial services. That literature revealed that users of these debt products tended to be financially constrained households faced with an immediate liquidity need, and that they had lower levels of financial literacy. Much less is known, however, about the role financial literacy may play when a more advantageous solution may be available but not used—an example of which is securities‐based loans, which offer lower rates and potential tax preferences. Therefore, this study used the 2018 National Financial Capability Study to examine why investors use traditional debt products when they could likely have qualified for a securities‐based loan. Using bounded rationality as a theoretical framework, this research advances the literature in consumer debt and borrowing decisions. The results found that objective knowledge, as opposed to self‐assessed ability or confidence, explained the use of optimal debt products. Additionally, advisor engagement was positively associated with securities‐based loan use.
2‐Silylated Dihydroquinazolinone as a Photocatalytic Energy Transfer Enabled Radical Hydrosilylation Reagent
Authors: Uchikura Tatsuhiro , Nakamura Haruka , Sakai Hinata , Akiyama Takahiko
Published: June 2023

The hydrosilylation of alkenes is one of the most important methods for the synthesis of organosilicon compounds. In addition to the platinum‐catalyzed hydrosilylation, silyl radical addition reactions are notable as economic reactions. An efficient and widely applicable silyl radical addition reaction was developed by using 2‐silylated dihydroquinazolinone derivatives under photocatalytic conditions. Electron‐deficient alkenes and styrene derivatives underwent hydrosilylation to give addition products in good to high yields. Mechanistic studies indicated that the photocatalyst functioned not as a photoredox catalyst but as an energy transfer catalyst. DFT calculations clarified that the triplet excited state of 2‐silylated dihydroquinazolinone derivatives released a silyl radical through the homolytic cleavage of a carbon‐silicon bond, and this was followed by the hydrogen atom transfer pathway, not the redox pathway.
Approach and avoidance motivations in response to being envied at work and their effects on proactivity
Authors: David Timea , Shih Hsi‐An
Published: June 2023

The goal of the present study is to provide a deeper analysis of the envy‐proactivity link. Drawing upon regulatory theories and Smith's model on envy appraisal, we theorize that when envied individuals focus on the potential negative impact of envy on themselves, they adopt avoidant coping strategies, which hinder proactivity, whereas concern toward others stimulates approach‐motivated coping strategies, which foster proactivity. Specifically, our model operationalizes a parallel mediating mechanism between perceptions of being envied and proactivity via the serial mediation of self‐oriented concern and distancing, and other‐oriented concern and courtesy. Results from a multi‐source survey confirm that being envied indirectly decreases proactivity via the serial mediation of self‐oriented concern and distancing, and indirectly increases proactivity via other‐oriented concern and courtesy.
Nitrate removal from groundwater by microscale zero‐valent iron and activated carbon: A nonpumping reactive wells experiment
Authors: Hosseini Seiyed Mossa
Published: June 2023

This study investigated treatment of nitrate‐contaminated groundwater by mixing granular activated carbon (GAC, d50 = 1 mm) and microscale zero‐valent iron (MZVI, d50 = 50 nm and specific surface area = 22.5 m2 g−1) in a nonpumping reactive wells (NPRWs) system. A hexagonal pattern of NPRWs was implemented in a laboratory cylindrical aquifer model (80 cm height, Ø 90 cm) filled with natural coarse sand (0.82 mm). Besides NO3− (133 mg L−1), PO43− in elevated concentration (6.21 mg L−1) was also considered as an additional target ion in groundwater (ionic strength = 35 mM). A pumping well in the center of the aquifer model discharges the groundwater at a constant rate of 1 L h−1. A series of batch experiments was conducted to derive the reduction kinetics of the N species and PO43− in water. Based on the results of the batch experiments, a mixture of GAC/MZVI was also used as reactive materials within NPRWs in the aquifer model to remediate the contaminated groundwater. While the average percentage of NO3‐N reduction rate from groundwater by GAC‐based NPRWs was 0.6% g−1, the mixed MZVI/GAC in the same mass indicated an efficiency of 5.5% g−1. The aquifer tests showed that using mixed MZVI/GAC in NPRWs resulted in insignificant changes in pH (+3%) and EC (+7%) of groundwater outflows. The results of this study revealed that using the GAC‐mixed‐MZVI has great potential application in PRB system for nitrate removal from groundwater.
Exploring Covalent Bond Formation at Tyr‐82 for Inhibition of Ral GTPase Activation
Authors: Landgraf Alexander D. , Yeh I‐Ju , Ghozayel Mona K. , Bum‐Erdene Khuchtumur , Gonzalez‐Gutierrez Giovanni , Meroueh Samy O.
Published: June 2023

Ral RAS GTPases are directly activated by KRAS through a trimeric complex with a guanine exchange factor. Ral is considered undruggable and lacks an accessible cysteine for covalent drug development. Previously we had reported an aryl sulfonyl fluoride fragment that formed a covalent bond at Tyr‐82 on Ral and created a deep and well‐defined pocket. Here, we explore this pocket further through design and synthesis of several fragment derivatives. The fragment core is modified by introducing tetrahydronaphthalene or benzodioxane rings to enhance affinity and stability of the sulfonyl fluoride reactive group. The deep pocket in the Switch II region is also explored by modifying the aromatic ring of the fragment that is ensconced into the pocket. Compounds 19 (SOF‐658) and 26 (SOF‐648) formed a single robust adduct specifically at Tyr‐82, inhibited Ral GTPase exchange in buffer and in mammalian cells, and blocked invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer cells. Compound 19 (SOF‐658) was stable in buffer, mouse, and human microsomes suggesting that further optimization could lead to small molecules to probe Ral activity in tumor models.
Unrelated or haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in second complete remission for acute myeloid leukemia—Improved outcomes over time: A European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Acute Leukemia Working Party study
Authors: Al Hamed Rama , Ngoya Maud , Galimard Jacques‐Emmanuel , Sengeloev Henrik , Gedde‐Dahl Tobias , Kulagin Aleksandr , Platzbecker Uwe , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Byrne Jenny L. , Valerius Thomas , Socie Gerard , Kröger Nicolaus , Blaise Didier , Bazarbachi Ali , Sanz Jaime , Ciceri Fabio , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad
Published: June 2023

Background

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) is the only cure for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in second complete remission (CR2). Patients lacking a matched sibling donor (MSD) receive transplants from matched unrelated donors (MUDs), mismatched unrelated donors (MMUDs), haploidentical (haplo) donors, or cord blood.

Methods

This is a retrospective, registry‐based European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation study that investigates changes in patient‐ and transplant‐related characteristics and posttransplant outcomes over time.

Results

We identified 3955 adult patients (46.7% female; median age, 52 years [range, 18–78 years]) with AML in CR2 first transplanted between 2005 and 2019 from a MUD 10/10 (61.4%), MMUD 9/10 (21.9%), or haplo donor (16.7%) and followed for 3.7 years. A total of 725 patients were transplanted between 2005 and 2009, 1600 between 2010 and 2014, and 1630 between 2015 and 2019. Over the three time periods, there was a significant increase in patient age (from 48.7 to 53.5 years; p < .001), use of a haplo donor (from 4.6% to 26.4%; p < .001), and use of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (from 0.4% to 29%; p < .001). There was a significant decrease in total body irradiation and in vivo T‐cell depletion. In multivariate analysis, transplants performed more recently had better outcomes. Leukemia‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; p = .002) and overall survival (HR, 0.73; p < .001) increased over time. Similarly, nonrelapse mortality (HR, 0.64; p < .001) decreased over time. We also observed better graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) rates (acute GVHD II–IV: HR, 0.78; p = .03; GVHD‐free, relapse‐free survival: HR, 0.69; p < .001).

Conclusions

Even in the absence of an MSD, outcomes of allo‐HCT in CR2 for AML have significantly improved over time, with most favorable outcomes achieved with a MUD.
An evolutive framework for server placement optimization to digital twin networks
Authors: Xiao Lijun , Han Dezhi , Weng Tien‐Hsiung , Chen Shaomiao , Deng Han , Souri Alireza , Li Kuan‐Ching
Published: June 2023

Digital twin network (DTN) is a foremost enabler for efficient optimization in modern networks, as it owns massive real‐time data and requires interaction with the physical network in real‐time. When constructing a DTN, it is necessary to deploy many servers in the physical network for digital models' storage, calculation, and communication. Evolutionary algorithms show outstanding global optimization capabilities compared to the constructive heuristic method in such an optimization problem. However, due to the high dimensionality of the problem and the complicated evaluation of the deployment plan, evolutionary algorithms easily fall into the optimum local at a high computational cost, given that the server placement problem is an NP‐hard combinatorial optimization problem. In this research, we propose an evolutionary framework for server layout optimization that significantly improves the optimization efficiency of evolutionary algorithms and reduces the algorithm's computational cost. An offline‐learning‐based approach is used to reduce the search space, and a self‐examining guided local search method is proposed to improve the search efficiency. Additionally, a look‐up table‐based hybrid approach is used for solution evaluation, reducing computational overhead. Experimental results show that the proposed framework and optimization strategy can significantly improve the evolutionary algorithm search efficiency and achieve excellent convergence performance.
The association between preconception loss of control over eating and depressive symptom trajectories from childhood through first pregnancy
Authors: Magee Kelsey E. , Qu Yang , Cheng Yu , Hipwell Alison E. , Levine Michele D.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Loss of control over eating (LOC) during pregnancy impacts prenatal health and often co‐occurs with depressive symptoms. However, the role of depression history as a risk factor for LOC prior to pregnancy is unclear; information that is essential for effective prenatal health promotion. We examined the association between trajectories of depressive symptoms from childhood to first pregnancy and preconception LOC.

Method

Participants (N = 1031) were predominantly Black, first‐time mothers enrolled in the population‐based Pittsburgh Girls Study. LOC and depressive symptoms were measured annually. Pre‐pregnancy height and weight, and gestational weight gain data were abstracted from medical records.

Results

There was a significant difference in age of first conception for Black and White individuals (t = 8.73, df = 976, p < .001). Latent class analysis revealed four and three classes of depressive symptom trajectories for Black and White individuals, respectively. In the entire sample, the high‐changing and moderate‐decreasing classes of depressive symptoms were each associated with lifetime, in preconception year and not in preconception year, LOC (X2 = 56.7, p < .001).

Discussion

High levels of lifetime depressive symptoms may increase vulnerability to future LOC prior to first pregnancy, suggesting potential targets for interventions to improve maternal health.

Public Significance

Both depression history and disordered eating behaviors are known to influence prenatal health. The present study revealed associations between high levels of depressive symptoms from childhood through first pregnancy and loss of control over eating that included the year prior to conception. Results highlight potential targets for preconception interventions with relevance for future prenatal health.
Reexamining the storage effect: Why temporal variation in abiotic factors seems unlikely to cause coexistence
Authors: Stump Simon Maccracken , Vasseur David A.
Published: June 2023

The temporal storage effect—that species coexist by partitioning abiotic niches that vary in time—is thought to be an important explanation for how species coexist. However, empirical studies that measure multiple mechanisms often find the storage effect is weak. We believe this mismatch is because of a shortcoming of theoretical models used to study the storage effect: that while the storage effect is described as having just three requirements (partitioning of temporal variation, buffered population growth, and a covariance between environment and density‐dependence), models used to study the storage effect make four assumptions, which are mathematically subtle but biologically important. In this paper, we examine those assumptions. First, models assume that environmental variation leads to a rapid impact on density‐dependence. We find that delays in density‐dependence (including delays caused by competition between cohorts) weaken the storage effect. Second, models assume that intraspecific competition is almost identical to interspecific competition. We find that unless resource or predator partitioning are virtually absent, then variation‐independent mechanisms will overshadow the benefits of the storage effect. Third, models assume even though there is vast variation in the environment, species are equally adapted on average (i.e., zero fitness‐differences). We show that fitness differences are particularly problematic in the storage effect because specializing on temporally rare niches is far less effective than specializing on other types of rare niches. Finally, models assume that stochastic extinctions can be ignored, and invader growth can determine coexistence. We show that storage effects tend to reduce mean persistence times, even if invader growth rates are positive. These results suggest that the assumptions needed for the storage effect are strict: if the first or second assumption is relaxed, it will greatly weaken the stabilizing mechanism; if the third or fourth assumption is relaxed, it will create a diversity‐destroying effect that may undermine coexistence. We examine three real‐world communities—annual plants, tropical forests, and iguanid lizards—and find that empirical studies suggest that all three communities violate multiple assumptions. This suggests that the temporal storage effect is probably not an important explanation for species diversity in most systems.
Preparation of 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐pyrimidine Based Nucleosides: A Reinvestigation
Authors: Monfret Océane , Liu Dan , Rollando Paulin , Bourdreux Yann , Urban Dominique , Doisneau Gilles , Guianvarc'h Dominique
Published: June 2023

5‐Hydroxymethyl‐pyrimidine‐based nucleobases have attracted attention in the last years due to their important role in gene regulation. It prompted the development of efficient routes to the corresponding nucleoside building blocks for further incorporation into oligonucleotides. Several pathways have been employed in recent years to access properly protected 5‐hydroxymethyl‐pyrimidine based nucleosides, including hydroxymethylation of 2’‐deoxyuridine, radical bromination of thymidine followed by bromine substitution, or carbonylative coupling through Stille conditions starting from 5‐iodo‐2’‐deoxyuridine. In this study, we review the different approaches currently used to introduce the 5‐hydroxymethyl moiety, we reinvestigate some of them, and finally, we propose an alternative route based on the oxidation of the methyl of thymidine followed by its reduction that allows access to protected 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2’‐deoxyuridine in a simple way with good yields. Finally, we present some examples of application including the synthesis of base J and 5‐azidomethyl‐2’‐deoxyuridine.
3D Modeling and Numerical Investigation of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction in Microfluidic Flow Cells
Authors: Liu Shiyuan , Zhang Ce , Yao Wei
Published: June 2023

Electrochemical reduction reaction is considered as a promising technical route for carbon‐neutral and mitigating greenhouse effect. concentration limitation hinders the performance of state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical reduction reaction. Increasing the mass transfer of reactants on the catalyst surface by flow cell design and porous electrode design has become the mainstream approach. Studying the distribution of mass in reaction region is important and beneficial to optimizing and designing efficient reactors. Herein, electrochemical reduction reaction reactors with micrometer and millimeter channels are simulated and systemically analyzed. The results reveal the microfluidic design can improve the mass transfer and reactant gas flow in the porous layer to reduce the concentration polarization and ensure uniform local potential of the reactor. A micrometer channel model requires only 10 sccm inlet gas supply to achieve the same current density compared to a millimeter flow channel with an inlet flow of 20 sccm. This study proposes a reasonable flow channel reactor to reduce gas stagnant region, which not only enhances the reduction performance effectively with evident potential dependence, but also guides the design for large‐scale reactors.
Male–male relationships in chimpanzees and the evolution of human pair bonds
Authors: Sandel Aaron A.
Published: June 2023

The evolution of monogamy has been a central question in biological anthropology. An important avenue of research has been comparisons across “socially monogamous” mammals, but such comparisons are inappropriate for understanding human behavior because humans are not “pair living” and are only sometimes “monogamous.” It is the “pair bond” between reproductive partners that is characteristic of humans and has been considered unique to our lineage. I argue that pair bonds have been overlooked in one of our closest living relatives, chimpanzees. These pair bonds are not between mates but between male “friends” who exhibit enduring and emotional social bonds. The presence of such bonds in male–male chimpanzees raises the possibility that pair bonds emerged earlier in our evolutionary history. I suggest pair bonds first arose as “friendships” and only later, in the human lineage, were present between mates. The mechanisms for these bonds were co‐opted for male‐female bonds in humans.
A review on the edible mushroom as a source of special flavor: Flavor categories, influencing factors, and challenges
Authors: Jiang Chunping , Duan Xiaoyu , Lin Lin , Wu Wenjuan , Li Xiaolin , Zeng Zhen , Luo Qingying , Liu Yuntao
Published: June 2023

Edible mushrooms are highly valued for both their culinary and medicinal properties. Unlike traditional condiments, the complex flavor of mushrooms is not determined by a single component, but rather by the potential synergistic actions of several different components and chemical interactions. However, only a limited number of edible mushroom flavor compounds have been examined in detail, leading to an incomplete understanding of their overall flavor profile. To address this knowledge gap, it is necessary to conduct further scientific research on edible mushroom flavors to maximize their utilization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the flavor substances found in edible mushrooms, including both volatile and nonvolatile compounds, as well as the mechanisms by which various processing methods affect flavor. Additionally, we will explore the various factors that hinder the development of edible mushroom flavors and recommend strategies to further advance the technological and theoretical understanding of these unique and valuable food ingredients. In summary, by enhancing our understanding of the complex and unique flavor profile of edible mushrooms, we can better leverage their full potential as a valuable culinary and medicinal resource.
In vitro assessment of the effect of four polysaccharides on intestinal bacteria of mice with colitis
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Sun Yonggan , Nie Qixing , Hu Jielun , Su Wenwen , Guo Zheyu , Zhang Yanli , Nie Shaoping
Published: June 2023

Polysaccharides are typically resistant to digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and are instead degraded by gut microbiota in the colon. As such, they are commonly employed as carriers for colon‐targeted drugs, with the potential to regulate gut microbiota. Pectin, carrageenan, guar gum, and xanthan gum are commonly used polysaccharide carriers, but their degradation in the gut microbiota under colitis conditions as well as their effects on gut microbiota remains unclear. In this study, we performed the in vitro fermentation of these four polysaccharides using colonic content microbiota from mice with colitis and evaluated the degree of polysaccharide degradation and the effects on pH, short‐chain fatty acids, and gut microbiota. Our findings indicate that pectin and guar gum had a greater degree of degradation and promoted the production of butyrate, inhibited the proliferation of harmful bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae), and increased beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium). In contrast, carrageenan and xanthan gum promote the proliferation of Enterobacteriaceae. These results provide theoretical guidance for the selection of drug delivery carriers for inflammatory bowel disease treatment and provide information on the relationship between polysaccharides and gut microbiota.
Multi‐emitting fluorescent system–assisted lab‐in‐a‐syringe device for on‐site and background‐free detection of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Authors: Tong Xia , Wang Tongtao , Cao Yuanxin , Cai Guihan , Shi Shuyun , Jiang Qiang , Guo Ying
Published: June 2023

Herbicide residuals have posed severe threat to food safety and public health; thus, the development of smart, portable, efficient, and accurate on‐site detection system is in urgent demand. Here, a multi‐emitting fluorescent system‐assisted lab‐in‐a‐syringe (LIS) device was developed for the on‐site and background‐free determination of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D). 2,4‐D‐responsive cascade reactions were constructed: 2,4‐D could specifically suppress alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and restrain the generation of ascorbic acid (AA), MnO2 nanosheets would oxidize AA into dehydroascorbic acid that subsequently reacts with o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) to generate blue‐emission product (λem, 435 nm), whereas remained MnO2 nanosheets and OPD further produced yellow‐emission product (λem, 570 nm). Red‐emission carbon dots (RCDs, λem, 680 nm), synthesized via the solvothermal treatment of cilantro, were introduced to construct a multi‐emitting fluorescent system. Then, four paper pads, respectively, dropped with ALP, sodium l‐ascorbyl‐2‐phosphate, MnO2 nanosheets + RCDs, and OPD were held into reusable plastic filters and assembled paper‐based LIS device to trigger cascade reactions (total analysis time, 65 min) and eliminate background interference. As a result, with the support of color recognizer application in smartphone, fluorescent color on detection pads from blue–purple to red to yellow was achieved for the sensitive and visual detection of 2,4‐D with LOD of 5.0 μg L−1, recoveries of 94.6%–106.8%, and relative standard deviations of 2.3%–6.8%. Obviously, this strategy provides a robust, visual, and background‐free platform for 2,4‐D detection, which expands application prospects in the field of herbicide analysis.
The expression of ceruloplasmin in astrocytes is essential for postnatal myelination and myelin maintenance in the adult brain
Authors: Cheli V. T. , Sekhar M. , Santiago González D. A. , Angeliu C. G. , Denaroso G. E. , Smith Z. , Wang C. , Paez P. M.
Published: June 2023

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is a ferroxidase enzyme that is essential for cell iron efflux. The absence of this protein in humans and rodents produces progressive neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Astrocytes express high levels of Cp and iron efflux from these cells has been shown to be central for oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. To explore the role of astrocytic Cp in brain development and aging we generated a specific conditional KO mouse for Cp in astrocytes (Cp cKO). Deletion of Cp in astrocytes during the first postnatal week induced hypomyelination and a significant delay in oligodendrocyte maturation. This abnormal myelin synthesis was exacerbated throughout the first two postnatal months and accompanied by a reduction in oligodendrocyte iron content, as well as an increase in brain oxidative stress. In contrast to young animals, deletion of astrocytic Cp at 8 months of age engendered iron accumulation in several brain areas and neurodegeneration in cortical regions. Aged Cp cKO mice also showed myelin loss and oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes and neurons, and at 18 months of age, developed abnormal behavioral profiles, including deficits in locomotion and short‐term memory. In summary, our results demonstrate that iron efflux—mediated by astrocytic Cp—is essential for both early oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin integrity in the mature brain. Additionally, our data suggest that astrocytic Cp activity is central to prevent iron accumulation and iron‐induced oxidative stress in the aging CNS.
The psychological toll of the COVID‐19 pandemic on dental care providers in Iran: A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Banakar Morteza , Vossoughi Mehrdad , Kharrazi Mani , Moayedi Sedigheh , Dehghan Mehdi , Mansoori Somayeh , Salehi Mohammad , Ahmadkhani Alireza , Heydari Seyed Taghi , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri
Published: June 2023

Background/Purpose

The COVID‐19 pandemic affects social and psychological resources. Healthcare workers, especially dental personnel, are more at risk for mental issues due to anxiety, pressure, and frustration. This study assessed mental health outcomes during the COVID‐19 epidemic among Iranian dental care providers, focusing on insomnia, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods

In this multicenter cross‐sectional survey, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Global Psychotrauma Screening were masured. Six hundred thirty‐eight dental care providers (dental specialists, general dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, and dental students) from different parts of Iran (Tehran, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Mashhad) were investigated by the stratified sampling method. The univariate analysis was incorporated as independent in binary logistic regression models to analyze the data. In this study, the significance level was set at 0.05.

Results

Among all the participants, 42.8% were dental students or residents, 21.9% were general or specialist dentists, 18.7% were dental assistants, and 16.6% were nonclinicians. The prevalence of insomnia, anxiety, and depression was 31.3%, 40.8%, and 54.9%, respectively. The frequency of participants in the low, moderate, and high levels of PTSD resulting from LCA 56.6%, 33.7%, and 9.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

This study found a significant frequency of mental health issues among Iranian dentists. Females, participants whose relatives have COVID‐19, and those with a higher workload were more likely to develop mental health symptoms. As mental problems among dental professionals might affect the quality of patient care, diagnostic, supportive, and therapeutic interventions should be taken.
Sharing is caring for developmental psychology
Authors: Veldkamp Coosje Lisabet Sterre , Kemner Chantal
Published: June 2023

Many of us, especially in the more experimental tradition, are used to doing it all ourselves: we don't know better than to collect our own data for every new study. We invest considerable amounts of time and resources in designing experiments, ethical review applications, participant recruitment, finding and training measuring assistants, and writing data management plans. And after all the hard work we end up with a sample size that hardly ever meets current standards. What if we could skip, or outsource some of these study aspects, allowing us to devote more of our time, energy, expertise, and experience to data analysis, reading, writing, and theory development? We argue that sharing data, expertise, and infrastructure could contribute to improving the credibility of research results, and to practicing more sustainable developmental science. In addition, we discuss several reasons that we believe may (currently) dissuade researchers from considering such sharing.
Diagnostic study of human papillomavirus DNA detection in cervical and vaginal samples using the filter paper card
Authors: Ramesan Chiyancheri Koroth , Calvin John Dickson , Thomas Anitha , Fletcher John , Kannangai Rajesh , Abraham Priya , Peedicayil Abraham
Published: June 2023

Objective

To determine the accuracy of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA samples on filter paper in comparison to specimen transport medium (STM).

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional diagnostic study of 42 consecutive women who were prospectively recruited. Each had self‐collected vaginal samples on filter paper, physician‐collected cervical samples on filter paper, and physician‐collected cervical samples in STM. HPV DNA testing was performed with a Hybrid Capture 2 system (Qiagen). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV), and agreement of filter paper methods with the standard procedure were calculated.

Results

The overall prevalence of HPV in STM was 67.5%. Detection of HPV DNA in the physician‐collected cervical samples on filter paper had a sensitivity of 77.8%, a specificity of 100%, a PPV of 100%, and an NPV of 68.4%. The patient's self‐sampling on filter paper had a sensitivity of 66.7%, a specificity of 100%, a PPV of 100%, and an NPV of 59.1%. The agreement between STM method and physician‐collected sample on filter paper was substantial, (κ = 0.695, P < 0.001), while the agreement between STM and self‐collected samples on filter paper was moderate (κ = 0.565, P < 0.001). Most patients reported that self‐collection was acceptable (100%), painless (95%), and not embarrassing (95%).

Conclusion

Filter paper, with dried self‐collected vaginal samples, can be used to detect high‐risk HPV with acceptable accuracy.
Obstetric and perinatal outcome in short‐stature patients
Authors: Leybovitz‐Haleluya Noa , Sheiner Eyal , Wainstock Tamar
Published: June 2023

Objective

Scarce data exist regarding obstetric complications of short‐stature patients. This study aimed to investigate obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with short stature; specifically, to investigate whether short‐stature patients are at an increased risk for cesarean delivery.

Methods

A population‐based cohort study was conducted, including all singletons born between the years 1991 and 2021 at a tertiary medical center. Obstetric and perinatal outcomes of short‐stature patients were compared with those of non‐short patients. A generalized estimation equation binary logistic model was constructed to adjust for confounders and maternal recurrence in the cohort.

Results

The study population included 356 356 parturient; among them, 14 035 (3.9%) were short‐stature patients. Short‐stature patients had significantly higher rates of cesarean delivery (20.7% vs 13.7%, odds ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.57–1.71, P < 0.001), induction of labor, pathologic presentations, prolonged second stage of labor, non‐reassuring fetal monitoring, and meconium‐stained amniotic fluid. Newborns of short‐stature patients had a significantly higher risk of being small for gestational age as compared with those of non‐short patients. In the generalized estimation equation models, the association between short stature and risk of cesarean delivery remained significant (adjusted odds ratio = 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.27–1.38, P < 0.001), as well as the risk of small for gestational age newborns (adjusted odds ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.40–1.63, P < 0.001), but not for the other adverse outcomes.

Conclusions

Maternal short stature is an independent risk factor for cesarean delivery and is associated with small for gestational age newborns.
Polarization coherency matrix tomography
Authors: He Youwu , Li Ke , Li Wangbiao , Qiu Yishen , Li Dezi , Wang Chen , Tang Qinggong , Li Zhifang
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT) based polarization coherency matrix tomography (PCMT) combining polarization coherency matrix with Mueller matrix is proposed for the determination of complete polarization properties of tissue. PCMT measures the Jones matrix of biological sample based on similar transformation, in which four elements have initial random phase from different polarization states based on traditional PS‐OCT. The results indicate that PCMT can eliminate the phase difference of incident lights with different polarization states. In addition, the polarization coherency matrix using three polarization states has complete information of the sample Jones matrix. Finally, the 16 elements of the sample Mueller matrix are applied for deriving fully polarized optical properties of the sample based on the elliptical diattenuator and the elliptical retarder. Thus, the method based on the PCM and Mueller matrix has the advantage over the traditional PS‐OCT.
An overview of programmed cell death: Apoptosis and pyroptosis—Mechanisms, differences, and significance in organism physiology and pathophysiology
Authors: Kowalski Szymon , Karska Julia , Łapińska Zofia , Hetnał Bartosz , Saczko Jolanta , Kulbacka Julita
Published: June 2023

Regulated cell death is an essential and heterogeneous process occurring in the life cycle of organisms, from embryonic development and aging to the regulation of homeostasis and organ maintenance. Under this term, we can distinguish many distinct pathways, including apoptosis and pyroptosis. Recently, there has been an increasing comprehension of the mechanisms governing these phenomena and their characteristic features. The coexistence of different types of cell death and the differences and similarities between them has been the subject of many studies. This review aims to present the latest literature in the field of pyroptosis and apoptosis and compare their molecular pathway's elements and significance in the physiology and pathophysiology of the organism.
miR‐210/NF‐κB axis: A new direction for regulating cadmium‐induced pig artery inflammatory injury
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Liu Qiaohan , Wu Hao , Du Yongzhen , Wang Xixi , Xu Shiwen
Published: June 2023

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal pollutant that still exists in the environment. The microRNA (miRNA) is a type of noncoding RNA that plays an important role in gene posttranscriptional regulation and disease development. Although the toxic effects of Cd have been extensively studied, studies on the mechanism of Cd from the perspective of miRNA are still limited. So, we established a Cd‐exposure pig model, which confirmed that Cd exposure would cause pig artery damage. The miR‐210 with the most reduced expression and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) that had a targeting relationship with miR‐210 were screened. The effect of miR‐210/NF‐κB on the artery damage induced by Cd exposure was investigated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining, quantitative PCR, and western blotting. The results showed that miR‐210 inhibitor, pcDNA‐NF‐κB could induce ROS overproduction in pig hip artery endothelial cells, thus inducing Th1/Th2 imbalance and necroptosis, leading to increased inflammation, while small interfering RNA‐NF‐κB played a mitigating role. In conclusion, Cd can induce artery necroptosis and Th1/Th2 imbalance by regulating the miR‐210/NF‐κB axis, so as to lead to artery inflammatory damage. In this study, we explored the way in which Cd exposure causes artery damage in pig, providing a new perspective on the regulatory damage of miR‐210/NF‐κB axis.
MitoNEET prevents iron overload‐induced insulin resistance in H9c2 cells through regulation of mitochondrial iron
Authors: Tam Eddie , Sung Hye K. , Sweeney Gary
Published: June 2023

Iron overload (IO) induces insulin resistance in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Here, we used H9c2 cells overexpressing MitoNEET to examine the potential for protection against iron accumulation in the mitochondria and subsequent insulin resistance. In control H9c2 cells, IO was observed to increase mitochondrial iron content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial fission, and reduced insulin‐stimulated Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. IO did not significantly affect mitophagy, or mitochondrial content, however, an increase in peroxisome‐proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) protein expression, a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was observed. MitoNEET overexpression was able to attenuate the effects of IO on mitochondrial iron content, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial fission, and insulin signaling. MitoNEET overexpression also upregulated levels of PGC1α protein. The mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant, Skq1, prevented IO‐induced ROS production and insulin resistance in control cells, indicating mitochondrial ROS plays a causal role in the onset of insulin resistance. The selective mitochondrial fission inhibitor, Mdivi‐1, prevented IO‐induced mitochondrial fission, however, it did not alleviate IO‐induced insulin resistance. Collectively, IO causes insulin resistance in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and this can be averted by reduction of mitochondrial iron accumulation and ROS production by overexpression of the MitoNEET protein.
The suppression of hyperlipid diet‐induced ferroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells protests against atherosclerosis independent of p53/SCL7A11/GPX4 axis
Authors: You Jia , Ouyang Siyu , Xie Zhongcheng , Zhi Chenxi , Yu Jiang , Tan Xiaoqian , Li Pin , Lin Xiaoyan , Ma Wentao , Liu Zhiyang , Hou Qin , Xie Nan , Peng Tianhong , Chen Xi , Li Liang , Xie Wei
Published: June 2023

Ferroptosis as a novel programmed cell death that involves metabolic dysfunction due to iron‐dependent excessive lipid peroxidation has been implicated in atherosclerosis (AS) development characterized by disrupted lipid metabolism, but the atherogenic role of ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are principal components of atherosclerotic plaque fibrous cap, remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ferroptosis on AS induced by lipid overload, and the effects of that on VSMCs ferroptosis. We found intraperitoneal injection of Fer‐1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, ameliorated obviously high‐fat diet‐induced high plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, glucose and atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro, Fer‐1 reduced the iron accumulation of atherosclerotic lesions through affecting the expression of TFR1, FTH, and FTL in VSMCs. Interestingly, Fer‐1 did augment nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2/ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 to enhance endogenous resistance to lipid peroxidation, but not classic p53/SCL7A11/GPX4. Those observations indicated inhibition of VSMCs ferroptosis can improve AS lesions independent of p53/SLC7A11/GPX4, which preliminarily revealed the potential mechanism of ferroptosis in aortic VSMCs on AS and provided new therapeutic strategies and targets for AS.
Administration of agmatine prior to physical or psychological stress in pregnant mice ameliorates behavioural and cognitive deficits in female offspring
Authors: Hassanshahi Amin , Janahmadi Mahyar , Razavinasab Moazamehosadat , Ilaghi Mehran , Kohlmeier Kristi A. , Hassanshahi Elham , Shabani Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Physical or psychological stress experienced by a mother during gestation is often associated with serious behavioural and cognitive deficits in newborns. Investigations of protective agents, which could prevent the adverse outcomes of prenatal stress (PS), are warranted. Agmatine is a neurotransmitter putatively involved in the physiological response to stress, and exogenous administration of agmatine has been shown to produce a variety of neuroprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to assess whether prenatal agmatine exposure could ameliorate behavioural and cognitive deficits in female offspring born to prenatally stressed mice. Pregnant Swiss Webster (SW) mice were exposed to physical or psychological stress from the 11th to 17th days of gestation. Agmatine (37.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated 30 min before the induction of stress for seven consecutive days. The pups were assessed using a variety of behavioural tests and molecular assays on postnatal days 40 to 47. Agmatine attenuated impairments in locomotor activity, anxiety‐like behaviour, and drug‐seeking behaviour associated with both physical and psychological PS. Furthermore, agmatine reduced PS‐induced impairments in passive avoidance memory and learning. Neither PS nor agmatine treatment affected the mRNA expression level of hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Taken together, our findings highlight the protective effects of prenatally administered agmatine on PS‐mediated behavioural and cognitive deficits of the offspring. Future studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, which could allow for more targeted prenatal treatments.
Hypomagnesemia because of nedaplatin for cervical cancer: A case report
Authors: Komoda Jun , Hori Tetsuya , Sato Kotaro , Kusajima Kunio , Shimizu Taro
Published: June 2023

A 76‐year‐old woman with cervical cancer was treated with nedaplatin, a platinum‐based drug. After the initiation of the treatment, she became aware of numbness, dizziness, and loss of appetite. Exploration of the causes revealed no clues, but blood tests revealed hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. She was treated with intravenous calcium and magnesium, which resolved calcium, magnesium levels, and her symptoms. She was diagnosed with hypomagnesemia because of nedaplatin. Regular follow‐up is necessary for patients during or after nedaplatin. Awareness of electrolyte disturbances may elucidate the accurate diagnosis even in patients with obscure symptoms, particular in undergoing or following anticancer therapies.
A compact 9–23 GHzlow noise amplifier with bandwidth extension techniques in 0.18‐μmSiGe BiCMOS
Authors: Luo Jiang , Chen Pengwei
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a novel wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) operating in the 9–23 GHz frequency range is presented. The proposed LNA design utilizes a combination technique consisting of pole‐tuning technique, shunt resistive‐capacitor negative feedback, and gate‐capacitive peaking technique to achieve significant bandwidth extension while maintaining acceptable overall performance. For verification, a one‐stage triple‐stacked LNA using the combination technique is designed and implemented in a 0.18‐μm SiGe BiCMOS heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) process. The fabricated prototype demonstrates a peak gain of 13.8 dB at 19.5 GHz, minimum noise figure of 3.1 dB at 14 GHz, 3‐dB bandwidth of 14 GHz, and a fractional bandwidth of 87.5%, while consuming a dc power of 39.6 mW. Moreover, the chip occupies a small silicon area of 0.39 mm2including all testing pads with a core size of only 0.192 mm2.
Identification and quantification of cucurbitacin in watermelon frost using molecular networking integrated with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Hu Guizhou , Liu Wenya , Li Liyan
Published: June 2023

Watermelon frost, a traditional Chinese medicine produced using watermelon and Glauber's salt, has been widely used for the therapy of oral and throat disorders. Watermelon contains various phytochemical compounds including cucurbitacins and their glycoside derivatives, which have attracted considerable attention because of their medicinal values. However, whether the composition of cucurbitacins existed in watermelon frost was rarely reported. In this study, three cucurbitacins including cucurbitacin B, isocucurbitacin B, and cucurbitacin E were found from watermelon frost extract assisted by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and molecular networking guided strategy, and the compounds were verified using standard solutions. Furthermore, a quantification method for simultaneously targeted analysis of cucurbitacins was established using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry operating in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Among them, cucurbitacin B and cucurbitacin E in watermelon frost samples were determined, and the concentrations were 3.78 ± 0.18 and 0.86 ± 0.19 ng/ml, respectively. While isocucurbitacin B was not detected due to the lower content possibly. In conclusion, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry combined with molecular networking is a very useful technique for the rapid identification of unknown cucurbitacin components in watermelon frost.