bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The juridical spheres for digital forensics and electronic evidence in the insecure electronic world
Authors: Losavio Michael Martin , Pastukov Pavel , Polyakova Svetlana , Zhang Xuan , Chow Kam Pui , Koltay Andras , James Joshua , Ortiz Miguel Etchart
Published: May 2019

With so much information collected from so many places and stored in so many others, the forensic value of digital evidence has exploded globally. This ranges from evidence relating to traditional crimes to that for new cybercrimes. The ability to use digital forensics, computational policing analytics and electronic evidence of all types, and the protections from misuse, are governed by the laws of national jurisdictions. Where those laws intersect in transnational cases may be harmonized or conflict‐ridden. As digital forensics is an interdisciplinary activity, both juridical and technical coordination between nations are essential for effective transnational law enforcement. This requires the application of forensic technology conforms to the legal rules of the jurisdictions involved. We examine legal aspects of this evolving data paradigm and issues relating to legal‐technical compliance. We speculate as to how regulation may evolve for the future.

This article is categorized under:

Digital and Multimedia Science > Cyber Threat Intelligence

Digital and Multimedia Science > Mobile Forensics

Digital and Multimedia Science > IoT Forensics

Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Communication Across Science and Law
Bimetric, conformal supergravity and its superstring embedding
Authors: Ferrara Sergio , Kehagias Alex , Lüst Dieter
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We discuss the connection between Weyl2 supergravity and superstrings and further discuss holography between 4-dimensional,

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 superconformal Weyl2 supergravity and

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 8, higher spin-four theory on AdS
5. The Weyl2 plus Einstein supergravity theory is a special kind of a bimetric gravity theory and consists of a massless graviton multiplet plus an additional massive spin-two supermultiplet. Here, we argue that the additional spin-two field and its superpartners originate from massive excitations in the open string sector; just like the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 super Yang-Mills gauge fields, they are localized on the world volume of D3-branes. The ghost structure of the Weyl action should be considered as an artifact of the truncation of the infinitely many higher derivative terms underlying the massive spin 2 action. In field theory,

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 Weyl2 supergravity exhibits superconformal invariance in the limit of vanishing Planck mass. In string theory the additional spin-two fields become massless in the tensionless limit. Therefore low string scale scenarios with large extra dimensions provide (almost) superconformal field theories with almost massless open string spin-two fields. The full

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 scalar potential including the Yang-Mills matter multiplets is presented and the supersymmetric vacua of Einstein Supergravity are shown, as expected, to be vacua of massive Weyl supergravity. Other vacua are expected to exist which are not vacua of Einstein supergravity. Finally, we identify certain spin-four operators on the 4-dimensional boundary theory that could be the holographic duals of spin-four fields in the bulk.
The Meaning of “People” in the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Authors: Kiwanuka Richard N.
Published: May 2019

The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, also known as the Banjul Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, was adopted by the 18th Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), held in Nairobi in June 1981. Contrary to some expectations, the Charter stayed in limbo for only 5 years. It entered into force on October 21, 1986, after the deposit of the 26th instrument of ratification, the number required by its Article 63(3). By April 16, 1987, there were 33 states parties to the Charter, which makes it the largest regional human rights system in existence.
Evidence of Oral Interference in Franco-Italian
Authors: Morgan Leslie Zarker
Published: May 2019

The four lexemes bragagner, sberna, seterer and smenaventure are problematic within the text of Ms. marc. fr. 13 since the forms differ from those of any other texts of the time (with the exception of other Franco-Italian texts in the case of bragagner). I will show that the points of difference are phonological and morphological changes resulting from interference patterns with spoken Italian.

Manoscritto marciano francese 13 (St. Mark’s manuscript 13 of the French collection) is an untitled anonymous manuscript from the first half of the 14th century at St. Mark’s Library in Venice. It contains eight chansons de geste. These are the first written versions of Old French epic poetry produced in Italy; that is, they are not copies of Old French manuscripts.
Conversion and Cultural Memory in Medieval Iceland
Authors: Jakobsson Sverrir
Published: May 2019

Christianization was an important and traumatic event that became embedded in the cultural memory of Icelanders. Through the reconstruction of this event in historical narratives, there was an ongoing debate on the identity of Icelanders as a group as the cultural heritage of this group was institutionalized and cultivated by particular organizations and individuals. This is reflected in very different emphasis on individual agents in this process, which can be found in various historical works composed between 1070 and 1330. The general trend is that the narrative became more inclusive for a larger group with each major version, as the leading role passed from the Archbishop to a select group of few leading families to a larger group including leaders from all parts of Iceland and, finally, to the general population, the humble as well as the mighty.
Ethical Responsibility and Human Wholeness In Matthew 25:31–46
Authors: Via Dan O.
Published: May 2019

My purpose in this article will not be to deal with the tradition history behind Matt 25:31–46 or with the actual eschatological identity of the nations, the sheep and the goats, and Jesus' least brothers, although some attention will need to be given to the latter. My primary purpose will rather be to inquire about the nature and quality of the stance or posture or self-understanding that constitutes the responses of the sheep and goats—which responses Matthew is implicitly calling his readers respectively to actualize and to reject. And what is required of human beings has implications for the possibilities and nature of human beings. The first order of business, however, will be to locate the text generically and in the context of Matthew 23–25.
Renunciation of Right and Remission of Debt in Comparative and Israeli Law
Authors: Rabello A.M.
Published: May 2019

Renunciation and remission are not comprehensively treated in the new Israeli legislation. And although the legislature has referred to these terms in the course of its legislation, they are nowhere defined.

The first reference to the terms, chronologically speaking, is in sec. l(c) of the Gift Law, 1968: “A gift may consist in the donor's renunciation of a right against the donee or in the donor's remission of an obligation of the donee towards him”.

In the chapter treating of “Several Debtors and Creditors”, the Contracts (General Part) Law, 1973, provides an enlightening reference to the terms under discussion. Sec. 55(c) states: “If the creditor discharges one of the debtors of the whole or part of the obligation - by way of waiver, remission, compromise or otherwise - the other is discharged to the same extent unless a different intention appears from the discharge”. Thus we have before us a list of terms (renunciation, waiver, remission, compromise, discharge) that often appear in modern codices as factors that terminate a debt by means other than performance.
Noncytoplasmic Inheritance of Atrazine Tolerance in Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)
Authors: Andersen Robert N. , Gronwald John W.
Published: May 2019

An accession of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik. # ABUTH) known to be highly tolerant of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] and a normal susceptible accession were crossed reciprocally. F1 plants were intermediate in response to atrazine, but they were more like the tolerant parent than the susceptible parent. The response of F1 plants was the same for each reciprocal cross, indicating that atrazine tolerance was not cytoplasmically inherited. Response of F2 plants to atrazine was consistent with a ratio of one tolerant: two intermediate: one susceptible. These results and further evaluations of F3 plants indicated that atrazine tolerance was controlled by a single, partially dominant gene.
Autotoxicity of Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus)
Authors: Kumari Anita , Kohli R. K.
Published: May 2019

Ragweed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorusL. # PTNHY) was found to exhibit autotoxicity. The active principle(s) were isolated from two parts of the plant using polar system. Principle(s) from the inflorescence were more effective than from the leaves. Leachates derived from the plant decreased percent cell survival and chlorophyll content. Leachates from leaves were more toxic to ragweed parthenium when applied to the foliage than when applied through the roots. The polar allelochemicals were highly effective in preventing rooting and sprouting of stem cutting and in reducing the regeneration potential of mature ragweed parthenium plants.
Giant Green Foxtail (Setaria viridisvar.major) and Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) Competition in Soybeans (Glycine max)
Authors: Harris Thomas C. , Ritter Ronald L.
Published: May 2019

Effects of a natural mixed stand of giant green foxtail [Setaria viridisvar.major(Gaudin) Pospichel # SETVM] and fall panicum [Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx. # PANDI] on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Union’ and ‘Essex′] biomass and seed yield were investigated during 1981, 1982, and 1983. Plots maintained weed free for 2 weeks after soybean emergence produced yields equal to those maintained weed free for the season despite any grass reinfestation. Grasses growing naturally with soybeans for 8 weeks after soybean emergence did not reduce crop yields. Weeds not removed after 8 weeks reduced soybean yields by decreasing the number of pods per plant. Under drought conditions, yield reduction due to grass competition did not occur until 12 to 16 weeks after soybean emergence. Hand-established densities of 1 grass plant/7.5 cm of crop row reduced soybean yield by 0 to 11%. Natural grass infestations reduced soybean yield by 21 to 41%.
The Influence of Trifluralin and Pendimethalin on Nodulation, N2(C2H2) Fixation, and Seed Yield of Field-Grown Soybeans (Glycine max)
Authors: Bollich Patrick K. , Dunigan Edward P. , Kitchen Lynn M. , Taylor Veronica
Published: May 2019

A field investigation was conducted to determine the influence of pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] and trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] herbicides on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Centennial’] —Bradyrhizobium japonicumsymbiosis. Pendimethalin and trifluralin applied at rates of 1.1, 1.7, and 2.2 kg ai/ha delayed emergence and injured soybean seedlings grown on an Olivier silt loam. Nodule number, dry weight, and nitrogen (N2) fixation measured by acetylene (C2H2) reduction were decreased by all herbicide rates during the vegetative growth stages in 1984, with occasional decreases in nodulation noted during the late reproductive growth stage. Seedling injury was less severe in 1985 than in 1984, with most injury occurring at 1.7 and 2.2 kg/ha for both herbicides. Nodule number and dry weight in 1985 were decreased from vegetative through the early reproductive growth stages with little influence on N2(C2H2) fixation. Inhibitory effects of the herbicides on nodulation and N2(C2H2) fixation did not influence seed formation since seed yield was not affected either year.
Grass Interference in Container-Grown Bailey's Redosier Dogwood (Cornus × baileyi)
Authors: Walker Kandy L. , Williams David J.
Published: May 2019

Experiments conducted for two consecutive years indicated measurable interference of barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, and giant foxtail with container-grown Bailey's redosier dogwood as early as 21 days after transplanting of grass seedlings into the containers. Few differences in interference were seen among the three grass weeds. Grass weed densities ranging from one to six weeds per container reduced the dogwood growth. By the termination of the studies, dogwood shoot dry weight, averaged over all grass weeds, was decreased as much as 72% by five weeds per container. Eight weeks after recommended rates of fenoxaprop, haloxyfop, and ethyl ester of quizalofop were applied to dogwood, no phytotoxicity was apparent. These compounds exhibited selectivity for postemergence use in Bailey's redosier dogwood.
Interference of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Liebl Rex , Worsham A. Douglas
Published: May 2019

Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) grain yields were reduced an average of 4.2% for every 10 Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum(Lam.) # LOLMU] plants/m2within the range of 0 to 100 Italian ryegrass plants/m2. Yield reductions caused by Italian ryegrass were attributed primarily to decreased crop tillering. Italian ryegrass densities as high as 80 plants/m2had little effect on wheat head or kernel weights. In greenhouse experiments, the growth response of Italian ryegrass to increasing concentrations of NO3–and K+was greater than that of wheat. Net uptake rates for NO3–by both species growing in nutrient solution were 1.5 times greater than net uptake rates for K+. Nitrate and potassium Imaxvalues for Italian ryegrass were approximately twice the corresponding values for wheat. Although Italian ryegrass responded more to changes in nutrients and had greater ion uptake rates compared to wheat, Italian ryegrass accumulated more biomass when grown in monoculture than when grown in association with wheat. This difference was probably due to the initial size of the seedlings. Wheat seedlings were much larger than Italian ryegrass seedlings during the first 20 days following emergence.
Metribuzin Absorption, Translocation, and Distribution in Two Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Cultivars
Authors: Gawronski Stanislaw W. , Haderlie Lloyd C. , Callihan Robert H. , Dwelle Robert B.
Published: May 2019

Root absorption of14C-5 (ring)-metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] from hydroponic culture and its subsequent translocation in tolerant (‘Russet Burbank’) and susceptible (‘Chipbelle’) potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) cultivars were measured. Differences in root absorption did not appear to be as important to differential tolerance as did translocation differences. Total available metribuzin absorbed was 6 and 7%, 18 and 29%, and 31 and 45% after 1, 4, and 8 days for Russet Burbank and Chipbelle, respectively. Radioactivity was concentrated in stems, petioles, and leaf veins in the tolerant cultivar, whereas interveinal leaf tissue was the major accumulation site for14C in the susceptible cultivar. Of the total radioactivity in the plants after 8 days, 82 and 87% were in the foliage for the tolerant and the susceptible cultivar, respectively. Translocation was apoplastic. Metribuzin tolerance by Russet Burbank is due in part to restricted translocation to the leaf blades. A model for differential transport between cultivars is proposed.
The general applicability of airborne thermographic surveys to the measurement of sea surface temperatures
Authors: Anderson J. M. , Callison R. D.
Published: May 2019

Synopsis

The principles of airborne thermography are outlined. A general introduction to instrumentation, imaging and data correction methods is included, along with particular examples of some of the methods used. Specific applications of work done on Tay Estuary and English Channel imagery are described to illustrate some of the results which can be achieved.
Trace metals and organohalogen compounds in the Forth, Scotland
Authors: Davies I. M.
Published: May 2019

Synopsis

The long history of discharge of industrial and domestic waste to the Forth makes the area of particular interest to environmental scientists. The area has been studied both in its own right for the monitoring and control of contamination by trace metals and organohalogen compounds, and in the study of processes which influence the dispersion and effects of these substances. This paper discusses the inputs of contaminants to the area, their occurrence in the water, sediments and biota, and places the Forth in context with other coastal areas of Scotland. The paucity of information concerning organohalogen compounds is contrasted with the extensive work carried out on trace metals.
Meiofauna of the industrialised estuary and Firth of Forth, Scotland
Authors: Moore C. G.
Published: May 2019

Synopsis

Knowledge concerning the meiofauna of the Forth is reviewed and extended by presentation of the results of new surveys of the intertidal and subtidal provinces of the estuary. Most of the published information concerns the influence of sewage pollution on shores of the firth. Before 1979, the meiofaunal communities of sandy beaches along the Edinburgh coastline exhibited reduced species richness, although certain taxa displayed enhanced densities. Improvements in the sewage treatment process have initiated a phase of meiofaunal recovery.

In the estuary the salinity regime plays a key role in the determination of species composition, although the influence of local changes in sediment type and stability is recognised. Meiofaunal communities of lower shore mudflats in different salinity zones of the estuary are described. Pollution plays a major modifying role. In the upper reaches of the estuary, which suffer oxygen depletion in summer, only nematodes and oligochaetes were recorded in the oligohaline zone and impoverished nematode and copepod faunas in the mesohaline zone. In the polyhaline zone discharges from the industrialised region around Grangemouth modify meiofaunal community structure over an extensive area of mudflat. The subtidal meiofauna of the lower estuary is briefly described, particularly with respect to the copepods. Impoverishment again occurs in the vicinity of Grangemouth.
NOTES ON CYRTANDRA (GESNERIACEAE) FROM JAPAN, TAIWAN AND BATAN ISLAND (PHILIPPINES)
Authors: Nishii K. , Kokubugata G. , Möller M. , Atkins H. J.
Published: May 2019

As part of ongoing molecular phylogenetic work on the large Gesneriaceae genus Cyrtandra, new insights into the taxonomy and relationships of the Cyrtandra of Japan, Taiwan and Batan Island in the northern Philippines have emerged. Cyrtandra umbellifera is confirmed as a species with a distribution that includes both Taiwan and Batan Island. Cyrtandra yaeyamae is found to be distinct from the widespread C. cumingii, with a distribution that includes both the Ryukyu Islands in Japan and Batan Island.
Genetic Moralism and Health
Authors: TAKALA TUIJA
Published: May 2019

This article examines the moralistic language and arguments used in relation to genetics. The focus is on three practices: (1) the claims that there is a duty to know about one’s own genetic makeup, (2) assertions that genetic information should be used to inform reproductive decisions, and (3) the proposition that there are moral reasons to participate in biobank research. With these three, the author contends that there are equally good, if not better, arguments to challenge them from a Millian perspective. Furthermore, especially in the current political climate, there is a need to respect people’s privacy concerns.
Disadvantages of Overcorrecting Acidemia in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Meuret G.H. , Mussler M.
Published: May 2019

Rapid and repeated administration of concentrated NaHCO3 solutions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has become routine since the advent of modern resuscitation techniques (1), although it has been pointed out since the early 1960s that acidemia results from prolonged arrest time and that brief arrests may not require NaHCO3 administration (6,8,13). In spite of the widespread use of large amounts of NaHCO3 there is no convincing evidence that the routine use of this drug offers a clear benefit. Only a few studies have been undertaken to ascertain the role of acidosis and acidemia in survival from cardiac arrest, and the possibility of overcorrecting with NaHCO3 in CPR cases (3,4,8,11). Therefore, the intention of this study was: 1) to clarify the role of acidemia in CPR; 2) to investigate the effects of overcorrection of acidemia (leading to metabolic alkalemia; 3) to test the accurate doses of NaHCO3; 4) to examine the optimal sequence of drug administration in CPR, i.e., whether NaHCO3 or epinephrine should be administered as the first drug.

During attempts at restoring spontaneous circulation (CPCR Phase II, advanced life support) (12), and during post-CPR prolonged life support (CPCR Phase III) (12), measurements were made in dogs following resuscitation from asphyxial cardiac arrest. The model and methods used have been described in the preceding paper of this Journal. Asphyxial cardiac arrest (mechanical asystole, electromechanical dissociation) was reversed with open-chest CPR and defibrillation as necessary to 20 min max.
German Helicopter Ambulance Service
Authors: Köhler Alexander , Dürner Peter
Published: May 2019

The aim of primary air rescue is to assist the ground-level rescue services by bringing emergency physicians and rescue assistants more quickly to the scene of the accident, and, if necessary, to carry but the swiftest possible and most careful transport of emergency patients to the nearest suitable hospital. Furthermore, the rescue helicopter can substitute for the ambulance car in case of unsuitable terrain, or in certain climatic conditions.

Limitations of helicopter services include night, certain weather conditions, cost and distance. Helicopters are centered in Air Rescue Centres which have an operational radius of 30-50 km. Expense permits only one helicopter to be stationed in each center, but if the helicopter is not able to fly, a replacement machine must be available immediately. Secondary rescue operations should be taken over by neighboring centers.

In 1983, the Federal Republic of Germany had 36 officially recognized helicopter centers concerned with primary air rescue. They are supported by the Federal Home Office (emergency control) (18 centers), the Army (6), the German Air Rescue (5), the ADAC (German Automobile Club) (4), and other organizations (3). The Swiss Air Rescue in Basel, Switzerland covers Germany's area of South Baden, and the French Air Rescue in Strasbourg covers middle Baden.
Undergraduate Disaster Relief Missions: The Depauw University Experience
Authors: Boswell Roger W. , Lamar William Fred
Published: May 2019

DePauw University operates yearly mission projects in disaster areas of Central and South America. Since 1976, 26 missions in 8 countries have been conducted. With the guidance of international health and engineering professionals, over 500 undergraduate student volunteers have managed the planning, execution, and outcome review aspects of the projects. This paper examines and summarizes the work to date, emphasizing the vital interactions between volunteers and the local health communities. We conclude that ongoing disaster relief projects such as ours serve a useful purpose in the delivery of disaster relief services.
LEARNING AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE FED’S INFLATION TARGET
Authors: Milani Fabio
Published: May 2019

This paper tries to infer and compare the evolution of the Federal Reserve’s (unobserved) inflation target series by estimating a monetary model under the alternative assumptions of rational expectations or subjective expectations and learning. In the estimated model that assumes that economic agents have rational expectations, the implied inflation target displays large shifts over time: it starts at 2% in the early 1960s, it rises to 8% in the 1970s, and it falls to 4% and 2% in the 1980s and 1990s. When the assumption of rational expectations is relaxed in favor of learning by the policymaker, the inferred target is, instead, remarkably stable over time. The target assumes values between 2% and 3% over the whole postwar sample. The findings suggest changing beliefs and learning by the Federal Reserve as major endogenous causes of the perceived variation in the inflation target. When the model is allowed to take the central bank’s evolving beliefs into account, the joint evolution of US inflation, output, and monetary policy decisions can be explained without requiring large exogenous changes in the inflation target.
Essais d'épandage au sol de la deltaméthrine poudre mouillable à différentes doses contre Glossina palpalis (s.l.) dans une zone préforestière de Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Sékétéli A. , Johannes L. , Van de Laar M. , Kuzoe F. A. S.
Published: May 2019

Des essais d'épandage au sol de deltaméthrine poudre mouillable 2,5% (NRDC 161) ont été effectués en janvier et novembre 1981 dans le foyer à Trypanosomiase humaine de Bouaflé, Côte d'Ivoire. Ces essais visaient à évaluer l'effet de différentes doses de ce pyréthrinoïde de synthèse sur la densité apparente par piègeage de G. palpalis (s.l.), vecteur de la maladie du sommeil dans la zone concernée. Trois doses ont été testées: 60 g de matière active (g.m.a.) par hectare à la concentration de 0,08% en janvier; 20 et 12 g.m.a./ha en novembre, aux concentrations de 0,027 et 0,016% respectivement. Pour chaque dose donnée, les traitements ont été exécutés une suele fois et à l'aide d'atomiseurs portatifs, Solo Port 423 de 5 m de portée. Les effets immédiats, à court et à moyen terme de l'insecticide sont très satisfaisants qu'il s'agisse des doses de 60 et 20 g.m.a./ha ou de la plus faible dose de 12 g.m.a./ha: taux de réduction de la densité apparente (D.A.P.) du vecteur compris dans l'ensemble entre 90 et 98% durant les deux premiers mois après traitement, quelle que soit la dose. A long terme, des taux de réduction dépassant 95% ont été obtenus jusqu'à 4 mois après épandage même avec la plus faible dose de 12 g.m.a./ha. La plus forte dose de 60 g.m.a./ha ne semble apporter aucun gain appréciable ni dans les taux de mortalité du vecteur, ni dans la rémanence de l'insecticide dans la zone d'étude. Afin de diminuer le cout en insecticide d'une éventuelle campagne de lutte chimique antiglossine et de sauvegarder au mieux les ressources de l'environnement, il est donc recommandé que la deltaméthrine p.m. en épandage au sol et en traitement rémanent, soit utilisée à la dose de 12 g.m.a./ha.
Maternal gut microbiota is associated with newborn anthropometrics in a sex-specific manner
Authors: Sato Yumi , Sakurai Kenichi , Tanabe Hiromi , Kato Tamotsu , Nakanishi Yumiko , Ohno Hiroshi , Mori Chisato
Published: May 2019

Maternal gut microbiota is thought to be one of the important factors in the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept, but the effects of maternal gut microbiota on foetal growth are not well known. In this study, the association between maternal gut microbiota and foetal growth was investigated. Maternal and newborn information, as well as stool samples at the third trimester of pregnancy, were obtained from 51 mother–newborn pairs from the Chiba study of Mother and Child Health (C-MACH). Gut microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in stool were analysed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After adjustment for covariates, it was found that maternal gut microbial diversity had a positive association with head circumference in newborn males (Chao 1: adjusted r = 0.515, p = 0.029). Genus Parabacteroides and genus Eggerthella showed negative associations with newborn head circumference and weight, respectively in males (genus Parabacteroides: adjusted r = −0.598, p = 0.009, genus Eggerthella: adjusted r = −0.481, p = 0.043). On the other hand, genus Streptococcus showed a negative association with newborn height in females (adjusted r = −0.413, p = 0.040). In addition, hexanoate was involved in the association between maternal gut microbiota and newborn anthropometrics in the univariate analysis, but not in the multivariate analysis. These data suggest that maternal gut microbiota has sex-specific effects on foetal growth. Maternal gut microbiota is an important factor for optimal intrauterine growth.
Frictional State Evolution During Normal Stress Perturbations Probed With Ultrasonic Waves
Authors: Shreedharan Srisharan , Rivière Jacques , Bhattacharya Pathikrit , Marone Chris
Published: May 2019

Fault normal stress changes dynamically during earthquake rupture; however, the impact of these changes on dynamic frictional strength is poorly understood. Here we report on a laboratory study to investigate the effect of normal stress perturbations on the friction of westerly granite surfaces sheared under normal stresses of 1‐25 MPa. We measure changes in surface friction and elastic properties, using acoustic waves, for step changes in normal stress of 1–50% and shearing velocities of 1‐100 μm/s. We demonstrate that transmitted elastic wave amplitude is a reliable proxy for the real contact area at the fault interface at steady state. For step increases in normal stress, wave amplitude increases immediately and then continues to increase during elastic shear loading to a peak value from which it decreases as fault slip rate increases. Friction changes in a similar fashion, showing an inelastic increase over a characteristic shear displacement that is independent of loading rate. Perturbations in normal stress during shear cause excursions in the frictional slip rate that must be accounted for in order to accurately predict the evolution of fault strength and elastic properties. Our work improves understanding of induced seismicity and triggered earthquakes with particular focus on simulating static triggering and stress transfer phenomena using rate‐and‐state frictional formulations in earthquake rupture models.
Tailored cellulose nanocrystals as a functional ultraviolet absorbing nanofiller of epoxy polymers
Authors: Panchal Prachiben , Mekonnen Tizazu H.
Published: May 2019

Epoxy composites filled with UV filter decorated CNCs displayed remarkable structural stability and less discoloration under UV exposure.
Amine-assisted exfoliation and electrical conductivity modulation toward few-layer FePS3 nanosheets for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yu Zhi , Peng Jing , Liu Yuhua , Liu Wenxiu , Liu Haifeng , Guo Yuqiao
Published: May 2019

The change in electrical conductivity resulting from mixed valence and crystallinity optimizes the HER performance of FePS3.
Coexistence of self-reduction from Mn4+to Mn2+and elastico-mechanoluminescence in diphase KZn(PO3)3:Mn2+
Authors: Chen Huimin , Wu Liwei , Bo Fang , Jian Jikang , Wu Li , Zhang Hongwu , Zheng Lirong , Kong Yongfa , Zhang Yi , Xu Jingjun
Published: May 2019

The structure of KZn(PO3)3:Mn2+with a large space to accommodate defects plays an important role in its self-reduction and mechanoluminescence.
Embolization of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Complicated by Bowel Ischemia
Authors: Foltz Gretchen , Khaddash Tamim
Published: May 2019

Over the past three decades, transcatheter arterial embolization has become the first-line therapy for the management of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding refractory to endoscopic hemostasis. Overall, transcatheter arterial interventions have high technical and clinical success rates. This review will focus on patient presentation and technical considerations as predictors of complications from transcatheter arterial embolization in the management of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Stationary solitary and kink solutions in the helicoidal Peyrard-Bishop model of DNA molecule
Authors: Zdravković S. , Chevizovich D. , Bugay A. N. , Maluckov A.
Published: May 2019

We study nonlinear dynamics of the DNA molecule relying on a helicoidal Peyrard–Bishop model. We look for traveling wave solutions and show that a continuum approximation brings about kink solitons moving along the chain. This statement is supported by the numerical solution of a relevant dynamical equation of motion. Finally, we argue that an existence of both kinks and localized modulated solitons (breathers) could be a useful tool to describe DNA–RNA transcription.
In situ nanomechanical research on large-scale plastic deformation of individual ultrathin multi-walled carbon nanotube
Authors: Chen Guo-xin , Cui Jun-feng , Lu Huan-ming , Yua Jin-hong , Liu Yan , Li He , Jiang Nan
Published: May 2019

Carbon nanotubes are a promising candidate for the application of flexible electronics due to the ultrahigh intrinsic conductivity and excellent mechanical flexibility. In the present work, the morphology of the ultrathin (diameter: <20 nm) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWC-NTs) under an axial compression was investigated by using in-situ transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the overall dynamic deformation processes and the force-displacement (F-D) curves of the MWCNTs were also examined. Interestingly, the MWCNTs almost restored their original morphology after 15 loading-unloading cycles. The deformation and recovery process indicate that the MWCNTs are flexible and exhibit excellent durability against compression. The Young’s modulus of the MWCNTs is estimated with the value of ~0.655 TPa derived from the F-D curves fitting. Our results suggest that the ultrathin carbon nanotube structures may have great application potentials in flexible devices.
Pragmatic outcomes in the English-medium instruction context
Authors: Herraiz-Martinez Ana , Alcón-Soler Eva
Published: May 2019

This study investigates pragmatic development in the English-medium instruction (EMI) setting of the Valencian Community in Spain. More specifically, the study examines whether the intensity of EMI influences functional adequacy (FA) in second language (L2) writing. Participants were 102 EMI learners, each of whom wrote three motivation letters over one academic year in English. The rating scales designed byKuiken and Vedder (2017)were used to examine the FA of the written texts in terms of cohesion, coherence, task requirements, content, and comprehensibility. Quantitative results revealed significant differences among the EMI groups under analysis, suggesting that the intensity of instruction may exert an influence on FA in L2 writing. Results from this study show the importance of intensity of exposure to EMI for L2 writing.
Are abstract concepts grounded in bodily mimesis?
Authors: Jelec Anna
Published: May 2019

In this chapter I address the role of mental simulations for processing and representing abstract concepts, suggesting that abstract concepts are grounded in mimetic schemas: dynamic, concrete and preverbal representations that have been observed in early childhood development. The analysis is based on recordings of gesture and speech of a congenitally blind child gathered over the course of three years. The child displayed an early preference for using mimetic strategies to explain abstract concepts but drifted toward more language-centered strategies as she grew older. Through behavioral data collected in a case-study, I provide empirical evidence to support the hypothesis that embodied mental simulation play a crucial role in abstract concepts’ cognitive grounding.
Time domain matrix modeling in cognitive linguistic research
Authors: Bondarenko Ievgeniia
Published: May 2019

This chapter’s objective is to elaborate the criteria for estimating the proportion of abstractness :: concreteness of the TIME concept. As a device, the time domain matrix profiles time’s ontological features such as its origin, type, qualities, antithesis, object of influence, measure unit, measuring device, and metaphoric correlates. The chapter finds that abstractness :: concreteness of the time domain matrix depends on the type of construal of the world in which it is schemed – scientific (philosophical) or poetic. An overall tendency towards increasing concreteness is identified. This research is based on a corpus of 15,000 collocations with the lexical unit time and its historical equivalents. These collocations are featured in British philosophical and poetic works from corresponding historical periods between the seventh and twentieth centuries.
Genres, media, and recontextualization practices
Authors: Gruber Helmut
Published: May 2019

The main argument put forward in this paper is that traditional linguistic genre theories neglect the importance of media and their modal affordances in the formation of new genres. It argues that media cannot be viewed as (passive) configurations of technical, semiotic, and cultural features which are chosen by actors/ rhetors in order to serve their communicative needs, but rather as mediators whose modal affordances actively influence communicators’ meaning making choices. In order to support this argument, it will be shown how forms of discourse representation gradually developed from a stylistic device in oral communication to a genre constitutive practice (e.g., in printed academic communication), and eventually became a genre of its own (as the practice of “sharing” content) in social media communication. In the analyses, the focus is on the interplay between modal affordances of the different media in which discourse representation formats are used, their formal properties, and pragmatic factors (like audience expectations in different communicative genres and situations). It is shown how innovative aspects of a medium influence formal features of discourse representation which in turn serve different communicative purposes in different genres.
Estimating growth parameters and growth variability from length frequency data using hierarchical mixture models
Authors: Batts Luke , Minto Cóilín , Gerritsen Hans , Brophy Deirdre
Published: May 2019

Analysis of length frequency distributions from surveys is one well-known method for obtaining growth parameter estimates where direct age estimates are not available. We present a likelihood-based procedure that uses mixture models and the expectation–maximization algorithm to estimate growth parameters from length frequency data (LFEM). A basic LFEM model estimates a single set of growth parameters that produce one set of component means and standard deviations that best fits length frequency distributions over all years and surveys. The hierarchical extension incorporates bivariate random effects into the model. A hierarchical framework enables inter-annual or inter-cohort variation in some of the growth parameters to be modelled, thereby accommodating some of the natural variation that occurs in fish growth. Testing on two fish species, haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and white-bellied anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius), we were able to obtain reasonable estimates of growth parameters, as well as successfully model growth variability. Estimated growth parameters showed some sensitivity to the starting values and occasionally failed to converge on biologically realistic values. This was dealt with through model selection and was partly addressed by the addition of the hierarchical extension.
Introducing Health Ministry in a Rural American Church
Authors: Abell Cathy , Blankenship Maire
Published: May 2019

Americans living in rural areas often encounter health disparities, due, in part, to lack of access to healthcare. Establishing health promotion programs in rural church settings presents opportunities for nurses and other healthcare professionals to serve their communities and live out Christian faith. This article describes a health ministry program that was successfully implemented in a small, rural church using the Healthy People 2020 MAP-IT framework.
Serum CD64 and ascitic fluid calprotectin and microRNA-155 as potential biomarkers of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Nabiel Yasmin , Barakat Ghada , Abed Sally
Published: May 2019

Aim

Patients with ascites are at a higher risk for associated of on top bacterial infections with subsequent life-threatening complications. We aimed to evaluate CD64, calprotectin, and microRNA-155 (miR-155) levels as diagnostic markers of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and the effect of using more than one use on the same spot over their diagnostic efficiency.

Patients and methods

An observational comparative study included 103 patients with ascites admitted to the Tropical Medicine Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt, divided into two groups: case group (64 patients) with ascites with SBP and control group (39 patients) with decompensated cirrhotic non-SBP ascites. Twenty milliliters of ascetic fluid was obtained from all participants for bacterial culture, and assessment of calprotectin and miR-155, in addition to 2 ml blood for the CD64 marker expression assay by a flowcytometer.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity of CD64 expression assay were 95.3 and 92.3%, respectively, area under the curve (AUC)=0.93, whereas those of ascetic fluid calprotectin and miR-155 were 87.5 and 82.1%, AUC=0.90 and 95.3 and 97.4%, with AUC of 0.95. Combined blood CD64 and ascetic fluid calprotectin had a diagnostic accuracy of 0.988 for blood CD64 and ascetic fluid miR-155, AUC=0.991, and that for ascetic fluid calprotectin and miR-155 was 0.988. On using the three studied markers together, the diagnostic accuracy was the best recorded, AUC=0.994. P values were less than 0.001.

Conclusion

CD64, calprotectin, and miR-155 were good diagnostic markers of SBP and on using this combination, greater efficiency in diagnosis was achieved.
Genome-wide identification ofPseudomonas syringaegenes required for competitive fitness during colonization of the leaf surface and apoplast
Authors: Helmann Tyler C. , Deutschbauer Adam M. , Lindow Steven E.
Published: May 2019

The foliar plant pathogenPseudomonas syringaecan establish large epiphytic populations on leaf surfaces before infection. However, the bacterial genes that contribute to these lifestyles have not been completely defined. The fitness contributions of most genes inP. syringaepv.syringaeB728a were determined by genome-wide fitness profiling with a randomly barcoded transposon mutant library that was grown on the leaf surface and in the apoplast of the susceptible plantPhaseolus vulgaris. Genes within the functional categories of amino acid and polysaccharide (including alginate) biosynthesis contributed most to fitness both on the leaf surface (epiphytic) or in the leaf interior (apoplast), while genes in the type III secretion system and syringomycin synthesis were primarily important in the apoplast. Numerous other genes that had not been previously associated within plantagrowth were also required for maximum epiphytic or apoplastic fitness. Many hypothetical proteins and uncategorized glycosyltransferases were also required for maximum competitive fitness in and on leaves. For most genes, no relationship was seen between fitnessin plantaand either the magnitude of their expressionin plantaor degree of inductionin plantacompared toin vitroconditions measured in other studies. A lack of association of gene expression and fitness has important implications for the interpretation of transcriptional information and our broad understanding of plant-microbe interactions.

Significance Statement

Many plant pathogenic bacteria can extensively colonize leaf surfaces before entry and multiplication within the leaf to cause disease. While these habitats presumably require distinct adaptations, the genes required in these habitats and how they would differ was unknown. Using a genome-wide library of barcoded insertional mutants in the plant pathogenPseudomonas syringae, we ascertained the common and unique genes required to colonize these habitats. A lack of association between gene expression and contribution to fitness suggests that many genes that are highly expressed or inducedin plantaare dispensable or redundant. As a model bacterium for plant pathogenesis and colonization, our comprehensive genetic dataset allows us to better understand the traits needed for association with leaves.
The Psychological and Physiological Part of Emotions: Multimodal Approximation for Valence Classification
Authors: Sorinas Jennifer , Ferrández Jose Manuel , Fernandez Eduardo
Published: May 2019

In order to develop more precise and functional affective applications, it is necessary to achieve a balance between the psychology and the engineering applied to emotions. Signals from the central and peripheral nervous systems have been used for emotion recognition purposes, however, their operation and the relationship between them remains unknown. In this context, in the present work we have tried to approach the study of the psychobiology of both systems in order to generate a computational model for the recognition of emotions in the dimension of valence. To this end, the electroencephalography (EEG) signal, electrocardiography (ECG) signal and skin temperature of 24 subjects have been studied. Each methodology has been evaluated individually, finding characteristic patterns of positive and negative emotions in each of them. After feature selection of each methodology, the results of the classification showed that, although the classification of emotions is possible at both central and peripheral levels, the multimodal approach did not improve the results obtained through the EEG alone. In addition, differences have been observed between cerebral and physiological responses in the processing emotions by separating the sample by sex; though, the differences between men and women were only notable at the physiological level.
Male sex chromosomal complement exacerbates the pathogenicity of Th17 cells in a chronic model of CNS autoimmunity
Authors: Arokia Doss Prenitha Mercy Ignatius , Baillargeon Joanie , Yeola Asmita Pradeep , Williams John B. , Leclercq Mickael , Joly-Beauparlant Charles , Alpaugh Melanie , Anderson Ana C. , Droit Arnaud , Lassmann Hans , Moore Craig S. , Rangachari Manu
Published: May 2019

Sex differences in the incidence and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) have long been recognized. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for why male sex is associated with more aggressive and debilitating disease remain poorly defined. Using an T cell adoptive transfer model of chronic EAE, we find that male Th17 cells induced disease of increased severity relative to female Th17 cells, irrespective of whether transferred to male or female recipients. Throughout the disease course, a greater frequency of male Th17 cells produced the heterodox cytokine IFNγ, a hallmark of pathogenic Th17 responses. Intriguingly, sex chromosomal complement, and not hormones, were responsible for the increased pathogenicity of male Th17 cells and an X-linked immune regulator,Jarid1c, was downregulated in both pathogenic male Th17 and CD4+T cells from men with MS. Together, our data indicate that male sex critical regulates Th17 cell plasticity and pathogenicity via sex chromosomal complement.