bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN BEASISWA DOKTOR UNTUK DOSEN POTENSIAL DENGAN METODE SMART
Authors: Ardi Ardi , Fadhli Irfan
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The role of lecturers in higher education is one of the most influential parts of the quality of students produced. Lecturer educational qualifications are also an important aspect of improving academic and institutional quality. Selection of foundation scholarships in the form of doctoral education currently has problems in choosing prospective lecturers. In the selection of doctoral scholarships for potential lecturers, there is still subjectivity in their selection manually. As a supporting medium in determining the selection of potential lecturers to obtain doctoral education foundation scholarships and testing the SMART (Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique) method to provide scholarship recommendations for prospective lecturers. The selection process uses the SMART method because this method is able to solve multi-criteria problems from the foundation, in this case the Chancellor of the Indonesian Community Development University. Furthermore, the criteria are processed using an application built using the PHP and MySQL programming languages to test these criteria. From the application built, it can be concluded that Yuanita, M.Si with a score of 0.7342 and Khairuddin Tampubolon, M.Si with a score of 0.6311 are entitled to get a doctoral education scholarship from the foundation. Then subjective and computerized decisions can be obtained in this study..            Keywords: Decision Support Systems; Mysql; PHP ; Potential Lecturer Scholarships, Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique.  Abstrak: Peran dosen di perguruan tinggi adalah salah satu bagian paling berpengaruh dari kualitas mahasiswa yang dihasilkan. Kualifikasi pendidikan dosen juga merupakan aspek penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas akademik dan kelembagaan. Pemilihan beasiswa yayasan dalam bentuk pendidikan doktor saat ini memiliki masalah dalam memilih calon dosen. Dalam pemilihan beasiswa pendidikan doktoral untuk dosen potensial masih ada subjektivitas serta dalam seleksi mereka secara manual. Sebagai media pendukung dalam menentukan seleksi dosen potensial untuk memperoleh beasiswa yayasan pendidikan doktoral dan menguji metode SMART (Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique) untuk memberikan rekomendasi beasiswa bagi calon dosen. Untuk proses seleksi menggunakan metode SMART karena metode ini mampu menyelesaikan masalah multi-kriteria dari yayasan dalam hal ini Rektor Universitas Pembinaan Masyarakat Indonesia. Selanjutnya, kriteria diproses menggunakan aplikasi yang dibangun menggunakan bahasa pemrograman php dan mysql untuk menguji kriteria ini. Dari aplikasi yang dibangun dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Yuanita, M.Si dengan nilai 0,7342 dan Khairuddin Tampubolon, M.Si  dengan nilai 0,6311 berhak mendapatkan beasiswa pendidikan doctoral dari yayasan. Kemudian keputusan subyektif dan terkomputerisasi dapat diperoleh dalam penelitian ini. Kata kunci: Beasiswa Dosen Potensial; Mysql; PHP; Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique; Sistem Pendukung Keputusan.
Kepemimpinan Nyai di Pesantren Al Hajar Kapurejo Pagu Kediri
Authors: Muna Nailal , Hamam Hamam
Published: February 2021

This research is framed in the topic of leadership, which specifically discusses the leadership of female caregivers in the Al Hajar Pesantren Pagu Kediri in maintaining the tradition of pesantren education as a tafaqquh fi addin institution. This research focuses on how the pesantren management strategy is, how the leadership style tends to be in the pesantren, and the role of the pesantren in al Hajar Kapurejo Pagu. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection techniques with interviews that are supported by observation and documentation. Data analysis by data reduction. The end of this study shows: The strategy of managing a pesantren is carried out by planning at the beginning of the school year, organizing it in daily life and direct supervision by Nyai. His leadership style tends to prioritize work or authoritarian orientation. Nyai's role is as an educator which is realized by directly engaging in teaching

(Penelitian ini dibingkai dalam topic kepemimpinan, yang secara khusus membahas kepemimpinan pengasuh perempuan di Pesantren Al Hajar Kapurejo Pagu Kediri dalam mempertahankan tradisi pendidikan pesantren sebagai lembaga tafaqquh fi addin. Penelitian ini terfokus pada bagaimana strategi pengelolaan pesantren, bagaimana kecenderungan gaya kepemimpinan nyai di pesantren, dan peran nyai di pesantren al Hajar Kapurejo Pagu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitattif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara yang didukung dengan pengamatan dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan cara reduksi data. Akhir penelitian ini menunjukkan:Strategi pengelolaan pesantren dilakukan dengan perencanaan di awal tahun ajaran, pengorganisasian dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan pengawasan langsung oleh nyai. Gaya kepemimpinan nyai cenderung mengedepankan orienasi kerja atau otoriter. Peran Nyai adalah sebagai pendidik yang diwujudkan dengan terjun langsung mengajar)
Urgensi Akal Menurut Al Qur’an Dan Implikasinya Dalam Mencapai Tujuan Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Setiawan M. Arif , Asyiqien Malvien Zaenul
Published: February 2021

Reason and the Qur'an know each other and are recognized in Islamic science. In this context, many researchers are interested in examining the relationship of reason and the Qur'an. According to Dr Muhammad Nahadi, discussion of reason, the Qur'an in the context of knowledge is the concept of developing knowledge. In line with this development, the development of Islamic education in the context of the study of reason and the Qur'an is urgently needed, especially as a means of answering the challenges of education with global challenges. This type of research is literature research, which is a form of scientific reasoning argumentation appearance that describes the results of literature studies and the results of the author's thought about a problem/topic of study. And data collection techniques using library research techniques, or library research, with data processing techniques. The data analysis process begins by gathering all data about the reason and objectives of Islamic education in order to find out the implications of reason in achieving the objectives of Islamic education. The results of this study indicate that, first, reason is the power of thought that when used can lead a person to understand and comprehend the problem he is thinking about. Second, reason serves as a tool for thinking, pondering and living also to develop ideas, concepts and bright ideas, very closely related to education. So that reason in its implications for the objectives of Islamic education is crucial to the
Korelasi Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah Dan Motivasi Kerja Guru Terhadap Kinerja Guru Di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 3 Nganjuk
Authors: Solikatun  , Hasanah Uswatun
Published: February 2021

As educators, teachers must be able to improve their performance in carrying out tasks. To achieve high teacher performance, one of them is the motivation factor. Motivation is the driving force for someone to do an activity that is manifested in the form of a real action. Thus the higher the motivation of someone, the higher the performance and vice versa, the lower the motivation of a person, the lower the performance. The success of teacher performance will be seen if there is motivation from the teacher himself and has the support of the madrasa headmaster. Therefore, in addition to the teacher himself who is trying to improve the quality of his performance, the madrasa also seeks to establish good leadership as an empowerment of teachers and madrasa members so that they have good performance in carrying out their duties. This type of research is quantitative research that aims to find answers about the questions in the research based on the actual situation so that it is obtained about the prevailing picture in relation to the correlation between the leadership style of madrasah leaders and teacher work motivation on teacher performance in MAN 3 Nganjuk. The conclusions based on data analysis are: Madrasah headship leadership and teacher work motivation together have positive and significant influence on teacher performance. Good madrasah head leadership and high teacher work motivation will make teachers increasingly improve performance in carrying out their duties.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Al –Qur’an Hadits Melalui Model Menulis Puisi Pada Siswa Kelas V MI Bustanul Athfal Desa Pojok Kecamatan Garum Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Mustarikoh  , Arifin Bustanul
Published: February 2021

This study aims to improve student learning achievement in the subject of the Qur'an Hadith at MI Bustanul Athfal Pojok District of Garum, Blitar Regency in the academic year 2019/2020 with realistic models and poetry media. The form of this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four phases: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were fifth-grade students of MI Bustanul Athfal Pojok, Garum sub-district, Blitar district, totalling 19 students consisting of 8 male students and 11 female students. Data sources come from teachers and students. Data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, tests, and documentation. The results of the study carried out the initial conditions before student learning increased only reached mastery of 8 students (42.1%), while 11 students (57.89%) had not yet reached accuracy with an average value of 65. In the first cycle, a realistic model and media of poetry were implemented increasing student learning outcomes reached the completeness limit of 8 students (42.1%), while 11 students (57.89%) had not reached accuracy with an average value of 69.86. At this stage, the second cycle of 19 students who achieved mastery of 18 students (94.73%) who had not completed 1 student (5.26%) and the average value of KKM science subjects was 74.79. Judging from the improvement cycle I and cycle II can conclude that this research was successful and does not need to continue the next cycle.
Outcomes after liver transplantation in Korea: Incidence and risk factors from Korean transplantation registry
Authors: Kim Jong Man , Kim Deok Gie , Kim Jihyun , Lee Keunsung , Lee Kwang-Woong , Ryu Je Ho , Kim Bong-Wan , Choi Dong Lak , You Young Kyoung , Kim Dong-Sik , Nah Yang Won , Kang Koo Jeong , Cho Jai Young , Hong Geun , Yu Hee Chul , Moon Ju Ik , Choi Dongho , Hwang Shin , Kim Myoung Soo
Published: February 2021

Background/Aims: To analyze the incidence and risk factors of outcomes after liver transplantation (LT) in the Korean population.Methods: This study analyzed data from the liver cohort of Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY) who had LT between May 2014 and December 2017. Study measures included the incidence of post-LT outcomes in recipients of living donor LT (LDLT) and deceased donor LT (DDLT). Cox multivariate proportional hazards model was used to determine the potential risk factors predicting the outcomes.Results: A total of 2,563 adult recipients with LT (LDLT, n=1,956; DDLT, n=607) were included, with mean±standard deviation age of 53.9±8.9 years, and 72.2% were male. The post-LT outcomes observed in each LDLT and DDLT recipients were death (4.0% and 14.7%), graft loss (5.0% and 16.1%), rejection (7.0% and 12.0%), renal failure (2.7% and 13.8%), new onset of diabetes (12.5% and 15.4%), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence (both 6.7%). In both LDLT and DDLT recipients, the most common post-LT complications were renal dysfunction (33.6% and 51.4%), infection (26.7% and 48.4%), and surgical complication (22.5% and 23.9%). Incidence of these outcomes were generally higher among recipients of DDLT than LDLT. Multivariate analysis indicated recipient age and DDLT as significant risk factors associated with death and graft loss. DDLT and ABO incompatible transplant were prognostic factors for rejection, and HCC beyond Milan criteria at pre-transplant was a strong predictor of HCC recurrence.Conclusions: This study is a good indicator of the post-LT prognosis in the Korean population and suggests a significant burden of post-LT complications.
Johan Kraftman ja varhaisen kansalaisyhteiskunnan rakentaminen esiteollisena aikana
Authors: Viitaniemi Ella
Published: February 2021

Tässä artikkelissa tutkitaan Johan Kraftmanin toimia esimerkkitapauksena, jonka kautta tarkastellaan varhaisen kansalaisen toimintaa sekä pyrkimyksiä varhaisen kansalaisyhteiskunnan rakentamiseksi. Tämä kietoutuu lähteisesti samanaikaiseen poliittisen ja kirjallisen julkisuuden sekä yleisen keskustelun ja mielipiteiden syntyyn. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan, miten Kraftmanin työ, yhteiskunnallinen toiminta sekä erilaiset kirjalliset tuotokset rakensivat poliittista ja kirjallista julkisuutta sekä loivat uudenlaista keskustelua valtakunnallisesti ja paikallistasolla. Artikkelissa ei käydä läpi Kraftmanin koko kirjallista tuotantoa, pitkää elämänkaarta moninaisine tehtävineen ja verkostoja tai vaikutuspiirejä. Sen sijaan tarkastellaan Kraftmanin toimia kolmen keskeisen sektorin kautta, jotka koskevat koulutuksen ja maatalouden kehittämistä sekä aloitteita paikallispolitiikan saralla. Nämä esimerkit avaavat uudenlaisen näkökulman poliittisen kulttuurin kehitykseen ja julkisuuden muodostumiseen ja ennen kaikkea osoittavat pyrkimyksiä varhaisen kansalaisyhteiskunnan rakentamiseksi. Artikkelin pohjaksi valittu lähdeaineisto koostuu Kraftmanin julkisluonteisista kirjeistä ja sekä hänen omista että aikalaisten julkaisuista, jotka kuvaavat Kraftmanin toimia poliittisen julkisuuden ja yhteiskunnan rakentamisen näkökulmista.
Stress, adversity quotient, and health behaviors of undergraduate students in a Thai university during COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Choompunuch Bovornpot , Suksatan Wanich , Sonsroem Jiraporn , Kutawan Siripong , In-udom Atittiya
Published: February 2021

Background: University students are an essential human resource for national development. Thus, it is important to study the stress, adversity quotient, and health behaviors of these students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Objective: This study aimed to identify stress, adversity quotient, and health behaviors and examine the relationship between these factors in undergraduate students during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: The current study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 416 undergraduate students in a Thai university were selected using a convenience sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect the data on stress, adversity quotient, and health behaviors of undergraduate students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient.Results: This study indicated that stress was at a high level (3.54 ± .53; Mean ± SD), adversity quotient was at a high level (3.77 ± .63; Mean ± SD), and health behaviors were at a moderate level (3.06 ± .53; Mean ± SD). The current study also found that stress and adversity quotient were irrelevant. Stress and health behaviors were negatively correlated with a level of significance of .01 (r = -.31), and adversity quotient and health behaviors were positively correlated with a level of significance of .01 (r = .051).Conclusion: It is suggested that healthcare providers, families, and professors should consider stress and adversity quotient in developing interventions to promote healthy behaviors in terms of physical and psychological factors in university students.
Chronic stress differentially affects antioxidant enzymes and modifies the acute stress response in liver of Wistar rats
Authors: Djordjevic J , Djordjevic A , Adzic M , Niciforovic A , Radojcic MB
Published: February 2021

Clinical reports suggest close interactions between stressors,
particularly those of long duration, and liver diseases, such as
hepatic inflammation, that is proposed to occur via reactive
oxygen species. In the present study we have used 21-day social
isolation of male Wistar rats as a model of chronic stress to
investigate protein expression/activity of liver antioxidant
enzymes: superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase (CAT),
glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GLR),
and protein expression of their upstream regulators:
glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB).
We have also characterized these parameters in either naive or
chronically stressed animals that were challenged by 30-min
acute immobilization. We found that chronic isolation caused
decrease in serum corticosterone (CORT) and blood glucose
(GLU), increase in NFkB signaling, and disproportion between
CuZnSOD, peroxidases (CAT, GPx) and GLR, thus promoting H2O2
accumulation and prooxidative state in liver. The overall results
suggested that chronic stress exaggerated responsiveness to
subsequent stressor at the level of CORT and GLU, and
potentiated GLR response, but compromised the restoration of
oxido-reductive balance due to irreversible alterations in MnSOD
and GPx.
Meal test for glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in obese and type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Škrha J , Hilgertová J , Jarolímková M , Kunešová M , Hill M
Published: February 2021

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) contributes to
incretin effect of insulin secretion which is impaired in Type 2
diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to introduce a simple
meal test for evaluation of GIP secretion and action and to
examine GIP changes in Type 2 diabetic patients. Seventeen
Type 2 diabetic patients, 10 obese non-diabetic and 17 nonobese control persons have been examined before and after 30,
60 and 90 min stimulation by meal test. Serum concentrations of
insulin, C-peptide and GIP were estimated during the test.
Impaired GIP secretion was found in Type 2 diabetic patients as
compared with obese non-diabetic and non-obese control
persons. The AUCGIP during 90 min of the meal stimulation was
significantly lower in diabetic patients than in other two groups
(p<0.03). Insulin concentration at 30 min was lower in diabetic
than in non-diabetic persons and the GIP action was delayed.
The ΔIRI/ΔGIP ratio increased during the test in diabetic
patients, whereas it progressively decreased in obese and nonobese control persons. Simple meal test could demonstrate
impaired GIP secretion and delayed insulin secretion in Type 2
diabetic patients as compared to obese non-diabetic and nonobese healthy control individuals.
Mitochondrial phospholipase A2 activated by reactive oxygen species in heart mitochondria induces mild uncoupling
Authors: Ježek J , Jabůrek M , Zelenka J , Ježek P
Published: February 2021

Homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes
is critical for elucidation of normal heart physiology and
pathology. Mitochondrial phospholipases A2 (mt-PLA2) have been
previously suggested to be activated by ROS. Therefore, we have
attempted to elucidate physiological role of such activation. We
have found that function of a specific i-isoform of mitochondrial
phospholipase A2 (mt-iPLA2) is activated by tert-butylhydroperoxide in isolated rat heart mitochondria. Isoform specificity
was judged from the inhibition by bromoenol lactone (BEL), a
specific iPLA2 inhibitor. Concomitant uncoupling has been caused
by free fatty acids, since it was inhibited by bovine serum
albumin. The uncoupling was manifested as a respiration burst
accompanied by a slight decrease in mitochondrial inner
membrane potential. Since this uncoupling was sensitive to
carboxyatractyloside and purine nucleotide di- and triphosphates, we conclude that it originated from the onset of
fatty acid cycling mediated by the adenine nucleotide translocase
(major contribution) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein(s)
(minor contribution), respectively. Such a mild uncoupling may
provide a feedback downregulation of oxidative stress, since it
can further attenuate mitochondrial production of ROS. In
conclusion, ROS-induced function of cardiac mt-iPLA2 may stand
on a pro-survival side of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
The effect of medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia on hemodynamic parameters during hemorrhagic shock in minipigs
Authors: Brezina A , Drabek T , Riha H , Schreiberova J , Hess L
Published: February 2021

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) represents an acute event with high
mortality. The optimal combination of anesthetics that would
prevent hemodynamic collapse and allow damage control surgery
has not yet been determined. We tested the hypothesis that a
combination of dissociative anesthetic ketamine with alpha2-
agonist medetomidine (MK group, n=10) would provide superior
hemodynamic control compared to propofol-remifentanil (PR
group, n=10) during HS in minipigs. A modified Wiggers‘ model
of HS with a target mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mm Hg
and 2 h duration was used. All minipigs survived. HS led to
a ~50 % decrease in cardiac output in both groups (P<0.001 for
baseline vs. HS 120 min) with no differences between groups.
Total volume of removed blood was larger in the MK group
(1321±133 ml vs. 1111±246 ml in the PR group, respectively;
P<0.05). MAP was higher during the initial phases of HS in the
MK group than in PR group (P<0.05 at HS 30-90 min). HR was
lower in the MK group at the late phases of HS (P<0.05 at HS
60-120 min). In conclusion, medetomidine-ketamine provides a
feasible and possibly a more favorable alternative to the
propofol-remifentanil combination in our model of HS in minipigs.
Tatar Ethnomusicology: Development Prospects
Authors:   Zhiganov Kazan State Conservatoire, Saidasheva Zemfira N.
Published: February 2021

In the Russian musical culture the term “musical ethnography” as the name of science has appeared at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the Soviet period, when the politicization of art began to take place, the term “musical folklore” became established. The scientifi c thought about the Tatar folk musical creativity developed within the framework of “musical folklore”. In studies of the pitch and temporal structure of Tatar folk songs, a formal (abstract) approach dominated. Consideration of them in the context of other disciplines became possible only in the post-totalitarian period, when there were ample opportunities for rebirth and the return of the true artistic values. Only from that time the science of the musical folklore had the opportunity to actively use the methods and techniques of other sciences (history, literature, sociology, social psychology, ethnography, linguistics), to give an objective and in-depth assessment of the peculiarities of Tatar musical folklore.
Aesthetic Realism and the Beauty of the Brooklyn Bridge
Authors:   Aesthetic Realism Foundation, Stern John , Wilson Carrie ,   Aesthetic Realism Foundation
Published: February 2021

This article is about one of the world’s most celebrated structures — the Brooklyn Bridge: what makes it beautiful, and why it has been loved by millions of people. It is based on this landmark principle, stated by Eli Siegel — poet, critic, and founder of the philosophy Aesthetic Realism: “All beauty is a making one of opposites, and the making one of opposites is what we are going after in ourselves.” Beginning with the effect of this bridge on such artists and poets as Joseph Stella and Hart Crane, it then describes each step of the design and construction of this magnifi cent structure, showing how the making one of opposites — Power and Grace, Heaviness and Lightness, Firmness and Flexibility, Simplicity and Complexity — is what makes it a great work of both engineering and art. For example, in Bridges and Their Builders, Steinman and Watson write: “The pierced granite towers, the graceful arc of the main cables, the gossamer network of lighter cables, and the arched line of the roadway combine to produce a matchless composition, expressing the harmonious union of power and grace”. Doesn’t every person want to be at once strong and graceful? The authors describe how, as people are affected by the beautiful sensible relation of opposing forces working together for one purpose in the Brooklyn Bridge, they feel more hopeful that these same opposites can make sense in their own lives.
The Transformation of a Music Festival in St. Petersburg “The World of Art. Contrasts”
Authors:   Moscow State P.I. Tchaikovsky Conservatory, Rovner Anton А.
Published: February 2021

The article presents the history of an extraordinary music festival organized in St. Petersburg by two composers Igor Rogalev and Igor Vorobyev. The festival was fi rst called “From the Avant-garde to the Present Day,” subsequently “From the Avant-garde to the Present Day. Continuation,” and during the last three years — “The World of Art. Contrasts.” This festival was founded in 1992, and its aim was to create a venue for performance of music by contemporary composers and representatives of the “forgotten generation” of the early 20th century Russian avant-garde movement, such as Nikolai Roslavetz, Alexander Mosolov, Arthur Lourie, etc. Many premieres of these and other composers were performed at this festival, as well as well-known works by such early 20th century established masters as Arnold Schoenberg, Alexander von Zemlinsky, Igor Stravinsky, Bela Bartok, etc. Some of the leading contemporary composers of the late 20th and early 21st century were invited to participate in the festival, as were numerous outstanding performances, ensembles and orchestras up to the St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theater, artists, poets and writers. At the present time the artistic goal of the festival is to connect the strata of music by contemporary composers with the masterpieces of the great classics of the previous centuries — from the Renaissance era to the 19th century. Each year the festival has a certain particularthemes, such as, for instance, Italian music or Japanese music, around which the program is built endowed with a broad stylistic and genre-related pallette.
A Composer Looks at Music, Ethics, and Aesthetics: An Interview with Edward Green
Authors:   Manhattan School of Music, Green Edward , Shaymukhametova Liudmila N. ,   Scholarly-Methodical Center “Innovation Art Studies”
Published: February 2021

Interview with Edward Green.
The Pianist-Producer. Interpretation and Transcription in the Work with Beginning Pianists
Authors:   Scholarly-methodical center “Innovation Art Studies”, Shaymukhametova Liudmila N
Published: February 2021

One of the main criteria of professional performance by the musician of compositions established in the repertoire is considered to be a concise interpretation of the musical text with rendering all the markings made by the editor and the composer. A steadfast tradition has been created of application in pedagogical practice of interpretation by other musicians and an authoritarian approach to learning. However, if such demands are to be considered to be admissible, they cannot be applied to all the styles and genres. The pianist’s interaction with the musical text has been historically determined by two forms which have evolved in the practice of music-making itself. For example, in Baroque music the ensemble form of music-making, which predominated in it, presumed a variant-type unfolding of the keyboard musical text in various performance versions and ensembles. The Baroque tradition is distinct for its active transformation of the musical material and its improvisatory manner in the work with the primary musical source, and it presumes an active incorporation of transcriptions, adaptations, elaborations, arrangements and variations on the original musical text. The second form, which is the soloist variety, regulated by the composer’s precise notation, is designed for interpretation of the music and its performance in concerts. It is particularly the second type, characteristic for the later Classical-Romantic tradition, which is used in teaching, hence the rules of interaction with the musical text are transferred by pedagogues to the other type of musical text, namely, the Baroque variety, as well. The primary musical source contains numerous possibilities for the variant-type replication and creation of performance scenarios both in the ensemble and solo forms. By applying both forms of performing music, transcription and interpretation, the pedagogue would enhance the revival of the traditions of a creative attitude towards the musical text. The article shows examples of work with beginning pianists in a problem-based situation which may be called the role game of “Pianist- Producer.”
Design, Development and Optimization of a Functional Mammalian Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Platform
Authors: Heide Chiara , Buldum Gizem , Moya-Ramirez Ignacio , Ces Oscar , Kontoravdi Cleo , Polizzi Karen M.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we describe the stepwise development of a cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) platform derived from cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We provide a retrospective summary of the design challenges we faced, and the optimized methods developed for the cultivation of cells and the preparation of translationally active lysates. To overcome low yields, we developed procedures to supplement two accessory proteins, GADD34 and K3L, into the reaction to prevent deactivation of the translational machinery by phosphorylation. We compared different strategies for implementing these accessory proteins including two variants of the GADD34 protein to understand the potential trade-offs between yield and ease of implementation. Addition of the accessory proteins increased yield of turbo Green Fluorescent Protein (tGFP) by up to 100-fold depending on which workflow was used. Using our optimized protocols as a guideline, users can successfully develop their own functional CHO CFPS system, allowing for broader application of mammalian CFPS.
A Composite Hydrogel Based on Pectin/Cellulose via Chemical Cross-Linking for Hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Wancheng , Yuan Sijie , Shen Jie , Chen Yongsheng , Xiao Yang
Published: February 2021

Hydrogel-based material have been demonstrated promising potential for hemostasis. Herein, we prepared a composite hydrogel (CH-P 40%) by combining pectin and cellulose in ionic liquid. The superficial morphology of the CH-P 40% was explored by SEM; the internal chemical bonds, crystal form and thermal stability were determined via FTIR, XRD and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The biocompatibilities of the CH-P 40% hydrogel was evaluated by MTT, flow cytometry, and histological observation with H&E staining. Furthermore, the hemostatic effect was evaluated via the blood clotting index and mouse liver hemostatic model. The results showed that the CH-P 40% hydrogel exhibited a dense network structure and retained its chemical bonds, including the OH, CH, C=O, -CH2, CO, C1-H, and β-glycosidic bonds. Simultaneously, the hydrogel retained the Cellulose I and II crystal structure and favorable thermal stability. Moreover, the proliferation rates of CH-P 40%-treated cells increased (P > 0.05), and there were no pathological lesions in the mouse organs, which suggests favorable biocompatibility. The results showed less bleeding in the hydrogel-treated liver wound within 3 min. Overall, the pectin-cellulose hydrogel is stable and possesses favorable biocompatibility and hemostatic ability, further highlighting that the composite hydrogel has the potential to be rapid hemostatic biomedical material.
Using Carboxymethyl Cellulose as the Additive With Enzyme-Catalyzed Carboxylated Starch to Prepare the Film With Enhanced Mechanical and Hydrophobic Properties
Authors: Liu Can , Qin Shijiao , Xie Jin , Lin Xu , Zheng Yunwu , Yang Jing , Kan Huan , Shi Zhengjun
Published: February 2021

Carboxymethyl cellulose, a hydrophobic derivative from cellulose that can be prepared from different biomass, has been widely applied in food, medicine, chemical, and other industries. In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose was used as the additive to improve the hydrophobicity and strength of carboxylated starch film, which is prepared from starch catalyzed by bio-α-amylase. This study investigated the effects of different bio-α-amylase dosages (starch 0.5%, starch 1%) and different activation times (10, 30 min) on starch to prepare the carboxylated starch. The effects of different carboxymethyl cellulose content on the carboxylated starch film were investigated by analysis viscosity, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and contact angle. The results showed that preparing carboxylated starch using activated starch increased the carboxyl content, which could improve the effectiveness of the activated enzyme compared to prolonging the activation time. The carboxyl starch prepared by enzyme catalysis had a lower gelatinization temperature, and enzyme activation destroyed the crystallization area of the starch, thus facilitating the carboxylation reaction. The addition of 15% carboxymethyl cellulose improved the mechanical properties of the prepared film with maximum tensile strength of 44.8 MPa. Carboxymethyl cellulose effectively improved the hydrophobicity of the starch film with the addition amount of 10–30%, while hydrophobic property was stable at 66.8° when the addition amount was exceeded to 35%. In this work, it can be found that carboxymethyl cellulose improve the mechanical and hydrophobic properties of starch film, laying the foundation for the application of carboxylated starch materials.
A Peer-To-Peer Publication Model on Blockchain
Authors: Khan Imtiaz , Shahaab Ali
Published: February 2021

In the past few decades, there has been a sharp rise of research irreproducibility and retraction, to a point that now is deemed as a crisis. Addressing this crisis, we present a peer-to-peer (P2P) publication model that utilizes blockchain and smart contract technologies. Focusing primarily on researchers and reviewers, the conceptual P2P publication model addresses the sociocultural and incentivization aspects of the irreproducibility crisis. In the P2P publication model, instead of a complete publication, a preapproved experimental design will be published on an incremental basis (unit-by-unit) and authorship will be shared with reviewers. The concept of the P2P publication model was inspired by the transformational journey the music publishing industry has undertaken as it traverses through vinyl age (complete albums) to the Spotify age (single-by-single), where there is a growing inclination among artists toward building an incremental album, taking account of feedback from fans and utilizing automated revenue collection and sharing systems. The ability to publish incrementally through the P2P publication model will relieve researchers from the burden of publishing complete and “good results” while simultaneously incentivizing reviewers to undertake rigorous review work to gain authorship credit in the research. The proposed P2P publication model aims to transform the century-old publication model and incentivization structure in alignment with open access publication ethos of the 21st century.
Control of Podocyte and Glomerular Capillary Wall Structure and Elasticity by WNK1 Kinase
Authors: Liu Zhenan , Yoon Joonho , Wichaidit Chonlarat , Jaykumar Ankita B. , Dbouk Hashem A. , Embry Addie E. , Liu Liping , Henderson Joel M. , Chang Audrey N. , Cobb Melanie H. , Miller Richard Tyler
Published: February 2021

Cytoskeletal structure and its regulation are essential for maintenance of the differentiated state of specific types of cells and their adaptation to physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. Renal glomerular capillaries, composed of podocytes, endothelial cells, and the glomerular basement membrane, have distinct structural and biophysical properties and are the site of injury in many glomerular diseases. Calcineurin inhibitors, immunosuppressant drugs used for organ transplantation and auto-immune diseases, can protect podocytes and glomerular capillaries from injury by preserving podocyte cytoskeletal structure. These drugs cause complications including hypertension and hyperkalemia which are mediated by WNK (With No Lysine) kinases as well as vasculopathy with glomerulopathy. WNK kinases and their target kinases oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) and SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) have fundamental roles in angiogenesis and are activated by calcineurin inhibitors, but the actions of these agents on kidney vasculature, and glomerular capillaries are not fully understood. We investigated WNK1 expression in cultured podocytes and isolated mouse glomerular capillaries to determine if WNK1 contributes to calcineurin inhibitor-induced preservation of podocyte and glomerular structure. WNK1 and OSR1/SPAK are expressed in podocytes, and in a pattern similar to podocyte synaptopodin in glomerular capillaries. Calcineurin inhibitors increased active OSR1/SPAK in glomerular capillaries, the Young’s modulus (E) of glomeruli, and the F/G actin ratio, effects all blocked by WNK inhibition. In glomeruli, WNK inhibition caused reduced and irregular synaptopodin-staining, abnormal capillary and foot process structures, and increased deformability. In cultured podocytes, FK506 activated OSR1/SPAK, increased lamellipodia, accelerated cell migration, and promoted traction force. These actions of FK506 were reduced by depletion of WNK1. Collectively, these results demonstrate the importance of WNK1 in regulation of the podocyte actin cytoskeleton, biophysical properties of glomerular capillaries, and slit diaphragm structure, all of which are essential to normal kidney function.
Paraquat Reduces the Female Fertility by Impairing the Oocyte Maturation in Mice
Authors: Sun Yan-Li , Wang Xue-Lin , Yang Lei-Lei , Ge Zhao-Jia , Zhao Yong , Luo Shi-Ming , Shen Wei , Sun Qing-Yuan , Yin Shen
Published: February 2021

Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used non-selective and oxidizing herbicide in farmland, orchards, flower nursery, and grassland. Overuse of PQ will accumulate in the body and affect the reproduction in mammals. In this study, we found that PQ could reduce the female fertility by oral administration for 21 days in mice. PQ exposure could impair the nuclear maturation by perturbing the spindle assembly and kinetochore–microtubule attachment to cause the misaligned chromosomes during meiosis. In the meantime, PQ exposure disturbed the mitochondrial distribution and enhanced the level of reactive oxygen species and early apoptosis, which thereby deteriorated the early embryo development. Also, PQ administration could cause some changes in epigenetic modifications such as the level of H3K9me2 and H3K27me3. Therefore, PQ administration reduces the female fertility by impairing the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes in mice.
Long Non-coding RNA FER1L4 Mediates the Autophagy of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Under Orthodontic Compressive Force via AKT/FOXO3 Pathway
Authors: Huang Yiping , Liu Hao , Guo Runzhi , Han Yineng , Yang Yuhui , Zhao Yi , Zheng Yunfei , Jia Lingfei , Li Weiran
Published: February 2021

Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by periodontal tissue remodeling triggered by mechanical force. It is essential to investigate the reaction of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) for improving orthodontic therapeutic approaches. Autophagy is an endogenous defense mechanism to prevent mechanical damage of environmental change. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in gene regulation, but their roles are still largely uncharacterized in the reaction of PDLSCs during orthodontic tooth movement. In this study, we showed that autophagy was significantly induced in PDLSCs under compressive force, as revealed by the markers of autophagy, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II/I and Beclin1, and the formation of autophagosomes. After the application of compressive force, lncRNA FER1L4 was strongly upregulated. Overexpression of FER1L4 increased the formation of autophagosome and autolysosomes in PDLSCs, while knockdown of FER1L4 reversed the autophagic activity induced by mechanical force. In mechanism, FER1L4 inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and subsequently increased the nuclear translocation of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and thus mediated autophagic cascades under compressive strain. In mouse model, the expression of Lc3 as well as Fer1l4 was increased in the pressure side of periodontal ligament during tooth movement. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of autophagy regulation by lncRNA during periodontal tissue remodeling of orthodontic treatment.
Computational Prediction of Hot Spots and Binding Site of Inhibitor NSC23766 on Rac1 Binding With Tiam1
Authors: Zheng Chunwen , Wu Xiaodong , Zeng Ruijie , Lin Lirui , Xu Liyan , Li Enmin , Dong Geng
Published: February 2021

Rac1 is a small signaling protein, which belongs to the Rho subfamily of Ras superfamily. It is activated by binding GTP and inactivated by exchanging GDP for GTP. The ability of nucleotide exchange depends on guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) family proteins. T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis factor 1 (Tiam1) is a member of GEFs. Rac1 participates in multiple signaling pathways and regulates various cellular events by interacting with GEFs. Particularly, it is involved in the development and progression of various kinds of tumors. In this paper, we have studied the detailed interaction between Rac1 and Tiam1. Seven residues on Rac1 are predicted to be important for the interaction with Tiam1, i.e. E31, Y32, D38, N39, Y64, D65 and W56. All these residues are located on the switch 1 and 2 domains which are the interface between Rac1 and Tiam1, except W56. In addition, we analyzed how inhibitor NSC23766 interacts with Rac1. Our docking results show that NSC23766 binds to the same region as Tiam1. Several residues, i.e. F37, D38, N39, W56, Y64, L67, L70 and S71, contribute much to binding free energy. These findings are very useful for the structure-based design of inhibitors toward Rac1.
Organic Copper Speciation by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry in Estuarine Waters With High Dissolved Organic Matter
Authors: Pađan Jasmin , Marcinek Saša , Cindrić Ana-Marija , Santinelli Chiara , Retelletti Brogi Simona , Radakovitch Olivier , Garnier Cédric , Omanović Dario
Published: February 2021

The determination of copper (Cu) speciation and its bioavailability in natural waters is an important issue due to its specific role as an essential micronutrient but also a toxic element at elevated concentrations. Here, we report an improved anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) method for organic Cu speciation, intended to eliminate the important problem of surface-active substances (SAS) interference on the voltammetric signal, hindering measurements in samples with high organic matter concentration. The method relies on the addition of nonionic surfactant Triton-X-100 (T-X-100) at a concentration of 1 mg L−1. T-X-100 competitively inhibits the adsorption of SAS on the Hg electrode, consequently 1) diminishing SAS influence during the deposition step and 2) strongly improving the shape of the stripping Cu peak by eliminating the high background current due to the adsorbed SAS, making the extraction of Cu peak intensities much more convenient. Performed tests revealed that the addition of T-X-100, in the concentration used here, does not have any influence on the determination of Cu complexation parameters and thus is considered "interference-free." The method was tested using fulvic acid as a model of natural organic matter and applied for the determination of Cu speciation in samples collected in the Arno River estuary (Italy) (in spring and summer), characterized by a high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (up to 5.2 mgC L−1) and anthropogenic Cu input during the tourist season (up to 48 nM of total dissolved Cu). In all the samples, two classes of ligands (denoted as L1 and L2) were determined in concentrations ranging from 3.5 ± 2.9 to 63 ± 4 nM eq Cu for L1 and 17 ± 4 to 104 ± 7 nM eq Cu for L2, with stability constants logKCu,1 = 9.6 ± 0.2–10.8 ± 0.6 and logKCu,2 = 8.2 ± 0.3–9.0 ± 0.3. Different linear relationships between DOC and total ligand concentrations between the two seasons suggest a higher abundance of organic ligands in the DOM pool in spring, which is linked to a higher input of terrestrial humic substances into the estuary. This implies that terrestrial humic substances represent a significant pool of Cu-binding ligands in the Arno River estuary.
Repurposing the Antiemetic Metoclopramide as an Antiviral Against Dengue Virus Infection in Neuronal Cells
Authors: Shen Ting-Jing , Hanh Vu Thi , Nguyen Thai Quoc , Jhan Ming-Kai , Ho Min-Ru , Lin Chiou-Feng
Published: February 2021

Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes to humans and is a threat worldwide. No effective new drugs have been used for anti-dengue treatment, and repurposing drugs is an alternative approach to treat this condition. Dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) is a host receptor positively associated with DENV infection. Metoclopramide (MCP), a D2R antagonist clinically used to control vomiting and nausea in patients with DENV infection, was putatively examined for inhibition of DENV infection by targeting D2R. In the mouse neural cell line Neuro-2a with D2R expression, a plaque assay demonstrated the antiviral efficacy of MCP treatment. However, in the cell line BHK-21, which did not express D2R, MCP treatment caused no further inhibition of DENV infection. Either MCP treatment or exogenous administration of a neutralizing D2R antibody blocked DENV binding. Treatment with MCP also reduced DENV dsRNA replication and DENV-induced neuronal cell cytotoxicity in vitro. An in vivo study demonstrated the antiviral effect of MCP against DENV-induced CNS neuropathy and mortality. These results showed that repurposing the D2R-targeting antiemetic MCP is a potential therapeutic strategy against DENV infection.
Apoptosis Triggered by ORF3 Proteins of the Circoviridae Family
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Zhang Xingcui , Cheng Anchun , Wang Mingshu , Yin Zhongqiong , Huang Juan , Jia Renyong
Published: February 2021

Apoptosis, a form of the programmed cell death, is an indispensable defense mechanism regulating cellular homeostasis and is triggered by multiple stimuli. Because of the regulation of apoptosis in cellular homeostasis, viral proteins with apoptotic activity are particular foci of on antitumor therapy. One representative viral protein is the open reading frame 3 (ORF3) protein, also named as apoptin in the Circoviridae chicken anemia virus (CAV), and has the ability to induce tumor-specific apoptosis. Proteins encoded by ORF3 in other circovirus species, such as porcine circovirus (PCV) and duck circovirus (DuCV), have also been reported to induce apoptosis, with subtle differences in apoptotic activity based on cell types. This article is aimed at reviewing the latest research advancements in understanding ORF3 protein-mediated apoptosis mechanisms of Circoviridae from three perspectives: subcellular localization, interactions with host proteins, and participation in multiple apoptotic signaling pathways, providing a scientific basis for circovirus pathogenesis and a reference on its potential anticancer function.