bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative metabolomic profiling of Cupriavidus necator B-4383 revealed production of cupriachelin siderophores, one with activity against Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed M. A. , Tripathi Siddarth K. , Boudreau Paul D.
Published: August 2023

Cupriavidus necator H16 is known to be a rich source of linear lipopeptide siderophores when grown under iron-depleted conditions; prior literature termed these compounds cupriachelins. These small molecules bear β-hydroxyaspartate moieties that contribute to a photoreduction of iron when bound as ferric cupriachelin. Here, we present structural assignment of cupriachelins from C. necator B-4383 grown under iron limitation. The characterization of B-4383 cupriachelins is based on MS/MS fragmentation analysis, which was confirmed by 1D- and 2D-NMR for the most abundant analog (1). The cupriachelin congeners distinguish these two strains with differences in the preferred lipid tail; however, our rigorous metabolomic investigation also revealed minor analogs with changes in the peptide core, hinting at a potential mechanism by which these siderophores may reduce biologically unavailable ferric iron (4–6). Antifungal screening of the C. necator B-4383 supernatant extract and the isolated cupriachelin analog (1) revealed inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, with IC50 values of 16.6 and 3.2 μg/mL, respectively. This antifungal activity could be explained by the critical role of the iron acquisition pathway in the growth and pathogenesis of the C. neoformans fungal pathogen.
Endovascular repair of thoracic aortic disease with isolated left vertebral artery and unfavorable proximal landing zone using fenestrated castor stent-graft
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Fang Changcun , Song Han , Wei Duoliang , Meng Xiangbin , Bai Xiao , Liu Chunxiao , Zhao Xin
Published: August 2023

Objective

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Castor single-branched stent-graft combined with fenestrated technique in treatment of thoracic aortic disease (TAD) with unfavorable proximal landing area (PLZ) and isolated left vertebral artery (ILVA).

Methods

From January 2018 to March 2022, 8 patients with TAD (6 patients with type B aortic dissections, 1 patient with type B intramural hematomas, and 1 patient with thoracic aortic aneurysm) underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair with fenestrated Castor stent-graft due to the existence of ILVA and unfavorable PLZ. Demographic characteristics, surgical details, postoperative complications, follow-up and postoperative CTA imaging results were collected and analyzed.

Results

The primary technical success rate was 100%. The mean operation time was 115 min (range, 70–180 min). All the left subclavian arteries (LSAs) and ILVAs of the eight patients were revascularized by fenestrated Castor stent-grafts. During the follow-up period, no deaths and complications were observed. No internal leakage, aortic rupture, retrograde type A dissection were found on computed tomography angiography. All of the LSAs and ILVAs maintained patency without stenosis.

Conclusion

Castor single-branched stent-graft implantation combined with fenestration technique may be safe and feasible for TAD patients with ILVA and unfavorable PLZ.
Four-section approach of fetal congenital heart disease at 11–13+6 weeks
Authors: Ling Wen , Wu Qiumei , Guo Shan , Li Shangqing , Ma Hong , Huang Biying , Zeng Liqin , Dang Tingting , Liu Min , Qiu Xiuqing , Weng Zongjie
Published: August 2023

Objective

The objective of the study is to explore the value of the four-section approach in detecting fetal heart defects in the first trimester (11–13+6 weeks), analyze the reasons for the inconsistency between the results of ultrasound examination in the first trimester and subsequent verification, and describe the most common abnormal flow patterns of four sections.

Materials and methods

Between June 2019 and June 2021, a prenatal four-section approach (upper abdominal transverse section, four-chamber section, three vessel–trachea section, and bilateral subclavian artery section) with verification results in early pregnancy was analyzed.

Results

In total, 9,533 fetuses were included. Finally, 176 fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD), containing 34 types, were identified. The total detection rate of cardiac abnormalities was 1.85%. 102 cases were accurately diagnosed by ultrasonography during early pregnancy. A total of 74 fetuses who had inconsistent results between fetal cardiac ultrasound and verification in early pregnancy were reported, of which the cases of 22 fetuses were inconsistent due to disease evolution and progression and the cases of 52 fetuses were inconsistent due to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the four-section approach were 67.05%, 99.96%, 96.58%, and 99.33%, respectively. In this study, a total of 30 abnormal ultrasonic imaging patterns in four sections were summarized.

Conclusion

We confirmed that the four-section approach in early pregnancy has a good diagnostic efficacy for fetal CHD. Intrauterine evolution of the fetal heart, missed diagnosis, and misdiagnosis are the reasons for the inconsistency between the results of early pregnancy ultrasound and subsequent verification. This study also presents the abnormal imaging patterns of four scan sections of CHD in early pregnancy, which are instructive for the rapid identification and diagnosis of CHD in the first trimester.
Case report: Distinctive cardiac features and phenotypic characteristics of Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines among three generations in one family
Authors: Chan Chon-Hou , Chu Man-Fong , Lam U-Po , Mok Toi-Meng , Tam Weng-Chio , Tomlinson Brian , Coelho Ricardo , Évora Màrio
Published: August 2023

Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML, formerly known as LEOPARD syndrome) is a variant of Noonan syndrome which is an autosomal dominant disorder. Most cases of NSML are secondary to mutations of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (PTPN11). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains the most frequent and serious cardiac abnormality in this inherited syndrome, and it may lead to sudden cardiac death related to HCM-associated outflow obstruction and fatal arrhythmia. Beyond cardiac involvement, NSML may present with multiple lentigines, ocular hypertelorism, genital anomalies, short stature and deafness. Herein, we report three patients with NSML among three generations in one family, all presenting with multiple lentigines, HCM and other distinctive clinical and molecular features, including facial dysmorphism, deafness, family history of sudden death and PTPN11 mutations. This case series highlights the importance of early echocardiography examinations for patients with NSML. Careful family screening and genetic counselling are also necessary, especially in patients with diffuse lentigines or a history of sudden death among family members. We also discuss the distinctive cardiac features and phenotypic characteristics at different stages of NSML, including childhood, adulthood and elderhood.
Influence and risk factors of postoperative infection after surgery for ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wen Bing , Lu Yang , Huang Xiaofan , Du Xinling , Sun Fuqiang , Xie Fei , Liu Chao , Wang Dashuai
Published: August 2023

Background

Studies on postoperative infection (POI) after surgery for ischemic cardiomyopathy are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of POI and its influence on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing ischemic cardiomyopathy surgery.

Methods

The Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial randomized patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy [coronary artery disease (CAD) with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%] to surgical and medical therapy. In this study, a post hoc analysis of the STICH trial was performed to assess the risk factors and clinical outcomes of POI in those undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Patients were divided according to whether POI developed during hospitalization or within 30 days from operation.

Results

Of the 2,136 patients randomized, 1,460 patients undergoing CABG per-protocol was included, with a POI rate of 10.2% (149/1,460). By multivariable analysis, POI was significantly related to patients' age, body mass index, depression, chronic renal insufficiency, Duke CAD Index, and mitral valve procedure. Compared to patients without POI, patients with POI had significantly longer durations of intubation, CCU/ICU and hospital stay, and higher rates of re-operation, in-hospital death and failed discharge within 30 days postoperatively. In addition, these patients had significantly higher risks of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, heart failure death, and all-cause hospitalization during long-term follow-up. However, the influence of POI on all-cause death was mainly found during the first year after operation, and the influence was not significant for patients surviving for more than 1 year.

Conclusions

POI was prevalent after surgery for ischemic cardiomyopathy and was closely related to short-term and long-term clinical outcomes, and the effect of POI mainly occurred within the first postoperative year. This study first reported and clarified the relationship between POI and long-term prognosis and the predictors for POI after surgery for ischemic cardiomyopathy worldwide, which may have certain guiding significance for clinical practice.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier (NCT00023595).
A distribution network planning method based on the integration of operation and planning and coordinated with the transmission network
Authors: Cai Zhongqi , Yang Kun , Guo Xiaoyan , Xiang Zhen , Huang Junjie , Wang Wenchao
Published: August 2023

With the increasing integration of renewable energy into the power grid, the traditional roles of the transmission and distribution networks have become less distinct at the operational level. The integration between distribution network planning (DNP) and the transmission and distribution networks operation is crucial to ensure grid stability. Existing research has primarily focused on collaborative operation control between transmission and distribution networks, leaving a gap in integrated DNP, since few works can handle the integer variables. This study proposes a distribution network planning method based on the integration of operation and planning and coordinated with the transmission network. It aims to minimize investment and operational costs while considering local generation units, distributed renewables, and network constraints. Using a heterogeneous decomposition algorithm (HGD), the optimization model alternates between the two networks, assisted by injected parameters for global optimality. A convolutional neural network (CNN) surrogate model is then used to rapidly optimize precise distribution network plans that coordinate with the transmission network. Experimental results on IEEE 30 and IEEE 69 cases demonstrate that the proposed approach offers valuable engineering benefits, reducing iteration counts by up to 20% and improving accuracy compared to other distributed algorithms.
Collaborative capacity planning method of wind-photovoltaic-storage equipment in microgrids considering different energy selling incomes
Authors: Liang Lingyu , Zhao Xiangyu , Huang Wenqi , Sun Liming , Wang Ziyao , Chen Fengsheng
Published: August 2023

A microgrid is a promising small-scale power generation and distribution system. The selling prices of wind turbine equipment (WT), photovoltaic generation equipment (PV), and battery energy storage equipment (BES) have a significant impact on microgrid profits, which, in turn, affects the planning capacity of renewable energy. However, existing research has not yet conducted in-depth modeling and analysis for different kinds of energy generation electricity prices. This paper proposes an optimal capacity planning method for wind-photovoltaic-storage equipment, considering different energy selling incomes in microgrids. Stochastic characteristics of renewable energy (WT and PV), selling prices of different types of energy, and timing coupling characteristic are considered in the proposed model. In addition, the configuration capacities of WT, PV, and BES are modeled as discrete decision variables, according to the type of specific equipment. The comprehensive life cycle cost (LCC) is considered an objective function. It can be found that the proposed collaborative capacity planning model is a mathematical programming problem with complex nonlinear constraints and integer variables. To solve this problem, a cultural gray wolf optimization algorithm (CGWO) is applied in this paper. The proposed method’s efficiency, convergence, superiority, and effectiveness are verified through a case study. Moreover, the impact of different new energy sales prices on capacity planning results is also revealed in the article.
Promise and limitations of 18S genetic screening of extracted fecal DNA from wild capuchins
Authors: Pinto Swellan Luciann , Henriquez Megan Carvalho , Cheves Hernandez Saul , Duytschaever Gwen , Wit Janneke , Avramenko Russell William , Gilleard John Stuart , Orkin Joseph Daniel , Melin Amanda Dawn
Published: August 2023

Genomic screening of fecal DNA provides insight into diet, parasite infection dynamics, and other aspects of the ecology and pathogens of wild populations. Here, we amplify and sequence the V4/V5 regions of the eukaryotic 18S ribosomal RNA gene from fecal DNA of wild capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator). We collected 94 fecal samples from 26 individuals, each sampled 1-4 times across a 19-month period and examined the eukaryotic diversity in 63 of these samples which had sufficient numbers and quality of reads during downstream analyses. We found a total of 234 distinct amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) classified as Eukaryotes in our samples. Of these, 66 were assigned to the phylum Nematoda. 64 ASVs are from taxa that possibly parasitize monkeys or their food items: 33 were assigned to lungworms (Superfamily Metastrongyloidae; genus Angiostrongylus), two to the genus Strongyloides, and one to the genus Austrostrongylus. The remaining 28 ASVs were assigned to nematodes that likely parasitize plants and/or invertebrates that the monkeys consume. Taken together with past dietary and coprological study of the same primate population, our results suggest that invertebrate consumption and parasitic infection, especially by lungworms, is common and widespread among this population of wild monkeys. We also discuss limitations of our approach, including the amplification of off-target ASVs, and make suggestions for future research. Overall, 18S screening shows promise for identifying various components of the capuchin gastrointestinal eukaryotic ecosystem, including parasitic helminths, and its utility will increase with the improvement of genetic databases.
Genetic polymorphisms are associated with individual susceptibility to dexmedetomidine
Authors: Ding Yuanyuan , Liu Aiqing , Wang Yafeng , Zhao Shuai , Huang Shiqian , Zhu Hongyu , Ma Lulin , Han Linlin , Shu Shaofang , Zheng Lidong , Chen Xiangdong
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Dexmedetomidine (DXM) is widely used as an adjuvant to anesthesia or a sedative medicine, and differences in individual sensitivity to the drug exist. This study aimed to investigate the effect of genetic polymorphisms on these differences.

Methods: A total of 112 patients undergoing hand surgery were recruited. DXM 0.5 μg/kg was administered within 10 min and then continuously injected (0.4 μg/kg/h). Narcotrend index, effective dose and onset time of sedation, MAP, and HR were measured. Forty-five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genotype.

Results: We observed individual differences in the sedation and hemodynamics induced by DXM. ABCG2 rs2231142, CYP2D6 rs16947, WBP2NL rs5758550, KATP rs141294036, KCNMB1 rs11739136, KCNMA1 rs16934182, ABCC9 rs11046209, ADRA2A rs1800544, and ADRB2 rs1042713 were shown to cause statistically significant (p < 0.05) influence on the individual variation of DXM on sedation and hemodynamics. Moreover, the multiple linear regression analysis indicated sex, BMI, and ADRA2A rs1800544 are statistically related to the effective dose of DXM sedation.

Discussion: The evidence suggests that the nine SNPs involved in transport proteins, metabolic enzymes, and target proteins of DXM could explain the individual variability in the sedative and hemodynamic effects of DXM. Therefore, with SNP genotyping, these results could guide personalized medication and promote clinical and surgical management.
The role of macrophages in rosacea: implications for targeted therapies
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhou Yin , Chu Chenyu , Jiang Xian
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Rosacea, a widespread chronic skin condition, may be influenced by macrophages, key immune cells in the skin, although their exact role is not yet fully understood. This review delves into the function of macrophages, their potential contribution to rosacea pathogenesis, current treatments, and promising macrophage-targeted therapies. It concludes by identifying knowledge gaps and potential areas for future rosacea research.

Method

Leveraging systematic and narrative literature review techniques, we conducted a comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Utilizing keywords like “rosacea” and “macrophages”, we targeted English articles from the last 5 years (2018-2023). We manually checked reference lists of relevant articles for additional studies. We included only articles emphasizing macrophages’ role in rosacea and/or the development of related therapies and published within the specified timeframe.

Results

The systematic search of electronic databases yielded a total of 4,263 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 156 articles were selected for inclusion in this review. These articles included original research studies, review articles, and clinical trials that focused on the role of macrophages in rosacea and/or the development of macrophage-targeted therapies for the disease. The selected articles provided a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current state of research on macrophages in rosacea, including their function in the skin, the potential mechanisms through which they may contribute to rosacea pathogenesis, and the current treatments and therapies available for the disease. Additionally, the articles identified gaps in knowledge regarding the role of macrophages in rosacea and suggested potential areas for future research.

Conclusion

This literature review emphasizes the important role that macrophages, vital immune cells in the skin, may play in the pathogenesis of rosacea, a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The selected studies suggest potential mechanisms by which these cells might contribute to rosacea progression, although these mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The studies also spotlight current rosacea treatments and illuminate the promising potential of new macrophage-focused therapies. Despite these insights, significant gaps persist in our understanding of the precise role of macrophages in rosacea. Future research in this area could provide further insights into the pathogenesis of rosacea and contribute to the development of more effective, targeted therapeutic strategies.
Brain response in asthma: the role of “lung-brain” axis mediated by neuroimmune crosstalk
Authors: Wang Yao , Mou Ya-Kui , Wang Han-Rui , Song Xiao-Yu , Wei Shi-Zhuang , Ren Chao , Song Xi-Cheng
Published: August 2023

In addition to typical respiratory symptoms, patients with asthma are frequently accompanied by cognitive decline, mood disorders (anxiety and depression), sleep disorders, olfactory disorders, and other brain response manifestations, all of which worsen asthma symptoms, form a vicious cycle, and exacerbate the burden on families and society. Therefore, studying the mechanism of neurological symptoms in patients with asthma is necessary to identify the appropriate preventative and therapeutic measures. In order to provide a comprehensive reference for related research, we compiled the pertinent literature, systematically summarized the latest research progress of asthma and its brain response, and attempted to reveal the possible “lung–brain” crosstalk mechanism and treatment methods at the onset of asthma, which will promote more related research to provide asthmatic patients with neurological symptoms new hope.
Noninvasive automatic detection of Alzheimer's disease from spontaneous speech: a review
Authors: Qi Xiaoke , Zhou Qing , Dong Jian , Bao Wei
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as one of the leading causes of death among people over the age of 70 that is characterized by memory degradation and language impairment. Due to language dysfunction observed in individuals with AD patients, the speech-based methods offer non-invasive, convenient, and cost-effective solutions for the automatic detection of AD. This paper systematically reviews the technologies to detect the onset of AD from spontaneous speech, including data collection, feature extraction and classification. First the paper formulates the task of automatic detection of AD and describes the process of data collection. Then, feature extractors from speech data and transcripts are reviewed, which mainly contains acoustic features from speech and linguistic features from text. Especially, general handcrafted features and deep embedding features are organized from different modalities. Additionally, this paper summarizes optimization strategies for AD detection systems. Finally, the paper addresses challenges related to data size, model explainability, reliability and multimodality fusion, and discusses potential research directions based on these challenges.
Myogenic and cortical evoked potentials vary as a function of stimulus pulse geometry delivered in the subthalamic nucleus of Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Campbell Brett A. , Favi Bocca Leonardo , Tiefenbach Jakov , Hogue Olivia , Nagel Sean J. , Rammo Richard , Escobar Sanabria David , Machado Andre G. , Baker Kenneth B.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The therapeutic efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson’s disease (PD) may be limited for some patients by the presence of stimulation-related side effects. Such effects are most often attributed to electrical current spread beyond the target region. Prior computational modeling studies have suggested that changing the degree of asymmetry of the individual phases of the biphasic, stimulus pulse may allow for more selective activation of neural elements in the target region. To the extent that different neural elements contribute to the therapeutic vs. side-effect inducing effects of DBS, such improved selectivity may provide a new parameter for optimizing DBS to increase the therapeutic window.

Methods

We investigated the effect of six different pulse geometries on cortical and myogenic evoked potentials in eight patients with PD whose leads were temporarily externalized following STN DBS implant surgery. DBS-cortical evoked potentials were quantified using peak to peak measurements and wavelets and myogenic potentials were quantified using RMS.

Results

We found that the slope of the recruitment curves differed significantly as a function of pulse geometry for both the cortical- and myogenic responses. Notably, this effect was observed most frequently when stimulation was delivered using a monopolar, as opposed to a bipolar, configuration.

Discussion

Manipulating pulse geometry results in differential physiological effects at both the cortical and neuromuscular level. Exploiting these differences may help to expand DBS’ therapeutic window and support the potential for incorporating pulse geometry as an additional parameter for optimizing therapeutic benefit.
Designing artificial circadian environments with multisensory cares for supporting preterm infants’ growth in NICUs
Authors: Arimitsu Takeshi , Fukutomi Rika , Kumagai Mayuko , Shibuma Hayato , Yamanishi Yoko , Takahashi Kei-ichi , Gima Hirotaka , Seto Yoshitaka , Adachi Hiroyuki , Arai Hirokazu , Higuchi Masakatsu , Ohgi Shohei , Ohta Hidenobu
Published: August 2023

Previous studies suggest the importance of stable circadian environments for fetuses to achieve sound physiology and intrauterine development. This idea is also supported by epidemiological and animal studies, in which pregnant females exposed to repeated shifting of light–dark cycles had increased rates of reproductive abnormalities and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In response to such findings, artificial circadian environments with light–dark (LD) cycles have been introduced to NICUs to promote better physical development of preterm infants. Such LD cycles, however, may not be fully effective for preterm infants who are less than 30 weeks gestational age (WGA) since they are too premature to be adequately responsive to light. Instead, circadian rhythmicity of incubated preterm infants less than 30 WGA may be able to be developed through stimulation of the non-visual senses such as touch and sound.
Expanding the concept of serotoninomics: perspectives for serotonin studies in the 20’s of the 21st century
Authors: Jiménez-Trejo Francisco , Tapia-Rodríguez Miguel , Arriaga-Canon Cristian , Herrera Luis A. , Contreras-Espinosa Laura , Jiménez-García Katia Lorena
Published: August 2023

Surely, Vittorio Erspamer, discoverer of Enteramine in 1935, and Irvine Page, Maurice M. Rapport and Arda Green, discoverers of Serotonin in 1948, never imagined the biological importance that this fundamental molecule has in the living beings of our planet; from its physiological, passing through endocrine, neural, developmental and reproductive functions and even its role in evolution. For this reason, our workgroup is commemorating these researchers and celebrating their great discovery, which deeply influenced science and medicine, in the present perspective article. As a consequence of their seminal work, and the work of many other researchers in the field of serotonin over the following years, now we stand in front of the practical concept of “Serotoninomics,” which we think will contribute to find out precise answers regarding basic, clinical, and translational research related to serotonin, just as the emerging medical and “omics” sciences have done before.
Intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics model based on abdominal ultrasound for predicting Ki-67 expression in patients with hepatocellular cancer
Authors: Qian Hongwei , Shen Zhihong , Zhou Difan , Huang Yanhua
Published: August 2023

Background

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide, and Ki-67 is highly important in the assessment of HCC. Our study aimed to evaluate the value of ultrasound radiomics based on intratumoral and peritumoral tissues in predicting Ki-67 expression levels in patients with HCC.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of ultrasonic and clinical data from 118 patients diagnosed with HCC through histopathological examination of surgical specimens in our hospital between September 2019 and January 2023. Radiomics features were extracted from ultrasound images of both intratumoral and peritumoral regions. To select the optimal features, we utilized the t-test and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). We compared the area under the curve (AUC) values to determine the most effective modeling method. Subsequently, we developed four models: the intratumoral model, the peritumoral model, combined model #1, and combined model #2.

Results

Of the 118 patients, 64 were confirmed to have high Ki-67 expression while 54 were confirmed to have low Ki-67 expression. The AUC of the intratumoral model was 0.796 (0.649-0.942), and the AUC of the peritumoral model was 0.772 (0.619-0.926). Furthermore, combined model#1 yielded an AUC of 0.870 (0.751-0.989), and the AUC of combined model#2 was 0.762 (0.605-0.918). Among these models, combined model#1 showed the best performance in terms of AUC, accuracy, F1-score, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Conclusion

We presented an ultrasound radiomics model that utilizes both intratumoral and peritumoral tissue information to accurately predict Ki-67 expression in HCC patients. We believe that incorporating both regions in a proper manner can enhance the diagnostic performance of the prediction model. Nevertheless, it is not sufficient to include both regions in the region of interest (ROI) without careful consideration.
Efficacy and safety of Runzao Zhiyang capsule for chronic urticaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Jian-Feng , Wang Ying-Dong , Lin Peng , Li Jun-Chen , Guo Chen-Qi , Zhai Jing-Bo , Zhang Yu
Published: August 2023

Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a commonly seen skin disorder featured by recurring wheals, with or without angioedema, lasting for at least 6 weeks. Runzao Zhiyang capsule (RZC) has been widely applied to treat patients with CU. This study is aimed at systematically evaluating the efficacy and safety of RZC in treating CU.

Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of RZC on treating CU from Chinese and English databases were searched. Data were collected by two independent researchers. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was adopted for evaluating the risk of bias. The meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.3 software. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment were conducted by Stata 14.0 software.

Results: Totally 27 studies were included in the analysis, involving 2,703 patients. The pooled results showed that compared with second-generation H1-antihistamines (sgAHs) therapy alone, RZC combined with sgAHs is more effective in improving the total effective rate (RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.39, p < 0.00001), the quality of life measured by Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (MD = −2.63, 95% CI: −3.68 to −1.58, p < 0.00001) and the serum IFN-γ level (SMD = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.58 to 4.62, p < 0.0001), and reducing the recurrence rate (RR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.55, p < 0.00001), the serum total IgE level (SMD = −2.44, 95% CI: −3.51 to −1.38, p < 0.00001), the serum IL-4 level (SMD = −2.96, 95% CI: −4.10 to −1.83, p < 0.00001), and the incidence of adverse events including dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, and constipation (RR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.85, p = 0.009; RR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.84, p = 0.01; RR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.95, p = 0.03; RR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.85, p = 0.03).

Conclusion: The current evidence indicates that RZC may be an efficient therapeutic regimen in patients with CU. Nevertheless, owing to the suboptimal quality of the included studies, more large-scale, well-designed RCTs are required to verify the obtained findings.

Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Identifier: CRD42022313177.
Aripiprazole-induced liver injury: a spontaneous reporting database study
Authors: Gao Yunjuan , Wu Chengzhao , Zhai Xingran , Niu Ming , Bai Zhaofang , Song Haibo , Zhao Xu , Wang Jiabo , Xiao Xiaohe
Published: August 2023

Background: There have been individual case reports of aripiprazole in recent years, both domestically and internationally, but no analysis of the characteristics of the occurrence of adverse reactions/events of drug-induced liver injury with aripiprazole using spontaneous reports has been seen.

Methods: Using a retrospective study approach, the 452 adverse reaction/event reports of aripiprazole-induced liver injury collected by the China Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2016 were analyzed and evaluated, and exploring it’s the clinical characteristics and related risk factors for liver injury occurrence.

Results: Among 452 cases of aripiprazole-induced liver injury ADR/ADE reports, there were 121 cases classified as serious, accounting for 26.8% of the total. There were 250 male and 202 female patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.24:1. The age of patients ranged from 11 to 77 years old, with an average age of (34.56 ± 12.81) years old, and a high proportion of young adults in the total population. Some patients had used the drug off-label or at a higher than recommended dosage. The onset of liver injury was generally within 15–90 days after continuous use, while some patients are also accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and weight gain. 70% of the combined drug instructions listed that may cause liver injury.

Conclusion: In clinical practice, healthcare professionals should pay closely attention to the adverse reactions and risk factors of liver injury caused by aripiprazole. If there are potential risk factors for liver injury, early and regular monitoring of liver function should be carried out to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions.
Effects of fertilization gradient on the production performance and nutritional quality of cultivated grasslands in karst areas
Authors: Wang Yuefeng , Tian Sihui , Shuai Honggang , Jin Baocheng , Zhang Yaoyao , Wei Junpeng , Niu Zijing , Ma Yifeng , Zhao Xuechun
Published: August 2023

Optimal fertilization is an important measure for managing cultivated grasslands, and a necessary means for maintaining the nutrient balance, yield, and quality of grassland ecosystems. This study aimed to explore the effects of organic fertilizers on the production performance and nutritional quality of cultivated grasslands in karst areas. Two types of monocultured cultivated grasslands (i.e., Medicago sativa and Dactylis glomerata) were employed as the research objects, and a randomized block design was adopted to investigate the effects of five fertilization gradients on the forage height, coverage, yield, and nutritional quality of the cultivated grasslands. According to the results, the plant height, coverage, and yield of M. sativa first presented an increasing trend, then decreased with increasing fertilization gradient, with a peak at 20–30 t/hm2 fertilization gradient. The height, coverage, and yield of D. glomerata increased gradually with increase in fertilization gradient, and peaked at 40 t/hm2. Meanwhile, the crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) contents of both grassland types displayed first presented an increasing trend, then decreased with increasing fertilization gradient, and peaked at 10–30 t/hm2 fertilization gradient. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acidic detergent fiber (ADF) contents of M. sativa presented “N-shaped” and “M-shaped” change trends with increasing fertilization gradient, while those of D. glomerata showed “V-shaped” and “M-shaped” change trends, reaching minimum values under fertilization gradients of 30 and 20 t/hm2, respectively. Year, fertilization, and year × fertilization (Y×F) significantly affected the plant heights, coverages, dry/fresh weight ratios, and yields of M. sativa and D. glomerata. The contribution of coverage to the subordinate function of M. sativa was greatest at a fertilization gradient of 20 t/hm2. Meanwhile, the subordinate function values of the height and coverage of D. glomerata increased gradually with increasing fertilization gradient, but the difference in the subordinate function value of height was only 0.09%–0.18% under the fertilization gradient of 20–40 t/hm2. Evaluation of forage nutrition revealed 10–30 t/hm2 and 20–30 t/hm2 as the optimal organic fertilizer application rates for M. sativa and D. glomerata, respectively.
Rhizobacterial mediated interactions in Curcuma longa for plant growth and enhanced crop productivity: a systematic review
Authors: Khan Sonam , Ambika  , Rani Komal , Sharma Sushant , Kumar Abhishek , Singh Seema , Thapliyal Madhu , Rawat Pramod , Thakur Ajay , Pandey Shailesh , Thapliyal Ashish , Pal Manoj , Singh Yashaswi
Published: August 2023

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), a significant commercial crop of the Indian subcontinent is widely used as a condiment, natural dye, and as a cure for different ailments. Various bioactive compounds such as turmerones and curcuminoids have been isolated from C. longa that have shown remarkable medicinal activity against various ailments. However, reduced soil fertility, climatic variations, rapid urbanization, and enhanced food demand, pose a multifaceted challenge to the current agricultural practices of C. longa. Plant growth-promoting microbes play a vital role in plant growth and development by regulating primary and secondary metabolite production. Rhizospheric associations are complex species-specific interconnections of different microbiota with a plant that sustain soil health and promote plant growth through nutrient acquisition, nitrogen fixation, phosphate availability, phytohormone production, and antimicrobial activities. An elaborative study of microbiota associated with the roots of C. longa is essential for rhizospheric engineering as there is a huge potential to develop novel products based on microbial consortium formulations and elicitors to improve plant health, stress tolerance, and the production of secondary metabolites such as curcumin. Primarily, the purpose of this review is to implicate the rhizospheric microbial flora as probiotics influencing overall C. longa health, development, and survival for an increase in biomass, enhanced yield of secondary metabolites, and sustainable crop production.
Cantonese media promotes Chinese cultural identification: structural equation modeling based on Malaysian Chinese
Authors: Liu Nian , Chen Tongyu , Peng Yuqing , Xie Ying
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Language media from one’s hometown is an important means of maintaining cultural identification, especially for minorities. Cantonese media plays an active role in shaping the Chinese cultural identification of ethnic Chinese all over the world. To date, few researchers have undertaken quantitative empirical analyses of the mechanism through which Cantonese media influences cultural identification.

Methods

Using data from 642 Malaysian Chinese, this study established a structural equation model with the partial least squares method.

Results

We found that the emotional affinity of ethnic Chinese to Cantonese media can influence identification with Chinese culture through the perceived value of Cantonese media and cognition of Chinese culture. The perceived value of Cantonese media (IE = 0.208) and cognition of Chinese culture (IE = 0.068) play partial mediation roles. Meanwhile, emotional affinity to Cantonese media influences cognition of Chinese culture (IE = 0.069) through the chain mediation of perceived value of Cantonese media and cognition of Chinese culture. Age has a partial moderating effect in the structural equation model. Compared with minors, adults’ emotional affinity to Cantonese media can eventually influence identification with Chinese culture (TEdiff = 0.126) more strongly through several mediation paths.

Discussion

The study suggests a need to cultivate the emotional affinity of ethnic Chinese to Cantonese media, improve the multidimensional values of Cantonese media, and endow Cantonese media with functions of cultural dialog and knowledge transmission. The international transmission of Cantonese media could play a vital role in building a cultural community for ethnic Chinese globally.
How to deal with the past? How collective and historical trauma psychologically reverberates in Eastern Europe
Authors: Maercker Andreas
Published: August 2023

Traumatic stress studies have recently addressed the issue of ‘historical trauma’ that well explain the impact of collective or totalitarian trauma. The example of former communist Eastern Europe shows that there are many individual and socio-psychological consequences that still have effects today. This paper summarizes concepts and findings on ‘historical traumas’ that describe such long-lasting effects. The focus is on the side of the victims and their family descendants and thus also on the moral heirs of the dissidents, e.g., the Russian NGO Memorial. Analogous to developments in psychotraumatology, increasing knowledge in this area can explain psychosocial pathologies but also help develop effective remedies. This includes the development of a culture of remembrance, socio-therapeutic interventions and increased sensitivity towards those patients and clients who have such a personal legacy.
The implications of varicose vein surgery on sleep evaluation scales
Authors: Acir Ibrahim , Okudan Atay Zeynep Vildan , Atay Mehmet , Yayla Vildan
Published: August 2023

Background

Varicose veins commonly occur on the legs and cause discomfort, pain, and aesthetic issues. Varicose vein surgery has an significant impact on sleep disorders such as Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), daytime sleepiness (DS), and sleep quality (SQ). We intended to determine if preoperative and postoperative sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and RLS severity impacted in those who had varicose vein surgery.

Materials and methods

The research included 160 patients who presented to the Cardiovascular Surgery outpatient clinic with symptoms of leg pain and cramping and were diagnosed with venous insufficiency. The Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale (RLSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) tests were performed on patients. The patients’ scores on the scales were compared preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results

The mean age of the 160 patients was calculated to be 48.7 ± 10.6 years. There were 109 female (68.1%) and 51 male (31.9%). The mean ferritin level of the patients was calculated as 61.4 mL/ng (4.3–421 mL/ng). After varicose vein surgery 63% reported improved sleep quality. Individuals with increased DS had lower postoperative RLSS scores and higher SQ. There was a decrease in postoperative RLSS scores and an increase in postoperative SQ in patients with normal DS (p < 0.001). Postoperative RLSS and DS scores were lower in patients with good SQ (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Patients had a lower RLSS score, a lower DS score, and a higher SQ after varicose vein surgery. Surgical treatment is critical to improving the quality of life and sleep comfort of patients with varicose veins and sleep disorders.
Global, regional, and national burden of digestive diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Wang Fang , Hu Dingtao , Sun Hongyu , Yan Ziye , Wang Yuhua , Wang Linlin , Zhang Tingyu , Meng Nana , Zhai Chunxia , Zong Qiqun , Hu Wanqin , Yu Guanghui , Zou Yanfeng
Published: August 2023

Background

The global burden of digestive diseases has been rising in the last 30 years. The rates and trends of incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for digestive diseases need to be investigated.

Methods

We extracted the data on overall digestive diseases and by cause between 1990–2019 from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 website, including the absolute number and the corresponding age-standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), deaths (ASDR), and DALYs (ASDALYs).

Results

Globally, the incident cases, deaths, and DALYs of digestive diseases in 2019 increased by 74.44, 37.85, and 23.46%, respectively, compared with that in 1990, with an increasing ASIR of 0.09%, as well as decreasing ASDR and ASDALYs of 1.38 and 1.32% annually. The sociodemographic index (SDI) of overall digestive diseases showed a slight increase in ASIR from low to middle-low regions. The downtrend in ASDR and ASDALYs was found in all SDI regions. The burden of incidence was higher in females, while the burden of deaths and DALYs was higher in males for the overall digestive diseases and most causes. The estimated annual percentage changes were significantly associated with the baseline ASIR, ASDR, and ASDALYs for the overall digestive diseases, and the negative correlations between ASDR, ASDALYs, and human development index both in 1990 (R = −0.68, R = −0.69) and 2019 (R = −0.71, R = −0.73) were noticed.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that digestive diseases remain a significant public health burden, with substantial variation across countries, sexes, and age groups. Therefore, implementing age, gender, and country-specific policies for early screening and targeted interventions could significantly reduce the global burden of digestive diseases.
Computationally assessing diamond as an ultrafast pulse shaper for high-power ultrawideband radar
Authors: Herrmann Christopher S. , Croman Joseph , Baryshev Sergey V.
Published: August 2023

Diamond holds promise to reshape ultrafast and high-power electronics. One such solid-state device is the diode avalanche shaper (DAS), which functions as an ultrafast closing switch where closing is caused by the formation of the streamer traversing the diode much faster than 107 cm/s. One of the most prominent applications of DAS devices is in ultrawideband (UWB) radio/radar. Here, we simulate a diamond-based DAS and compare the results to a silicon-based DAS. All DASs were simulated in mixed mode as ideal devices using the drift-diffusion model. The simulations show that a diamond DAS promises to outperform an Si DAS when sharpening the kV nanosecond input pulse. The breakdown field and streamer velocity (∼10 times larger in diamond than Si) are likely to be the major reasons enabling kV sub-50 ps switching using a diamond DAS.
Why go public? Public configurations and the supportive and divergent views towards public district heating in the Netherlands
Authors: Herreras Martinez Sara , Harmsen Robert , Menkveld Marijke , Kramer Gert Jan , Faaij André
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Cities are taking up services of social importance under the (re)municipalisation movement. The Dutch government embarked on an ambitious heat transition and proposed in 2022 to make all district heating projects public or semi-public, with a majority public share. This proposal has sparked intense debates among groups in favour of and against a shift to public ownership.

Methods

This study assessed 16 public projects through qualitative research and uncovered the arguments for and against public ownership among key public and private stakeholders.

Results

While public ownership is deemed necessary to meet social objectives and address the shortcomings of private models, critical views question the economic performance and inappropriate political choices in some public projects. These critical views propose alternative ways to safeguard public values, such as ensuring affordability and meeting climate goals. Despite disagreements, public and private actors recognise the shared responsibility and the importance of the other's role. They agree that the central government's proposed mandate for public ownership may limit flexibility at the local level and prevent other effective configurations like public-private partnerships with equal public-private shares.

Discussion

Reflecting on the study findings, it is debatable whether mandating public ownership nationwide, as proposed by the Dutch government, should become the approach to tackle current challenges instead of allowing more flexibility. The upcoming Heat Act may reduce key issues justifying public ownership, such as affordability, cherry-picking and the lack of transparency of private projects. Further research is needed to determine whether public ownership would enhance citizens' support and speed up realisation. Public ownership may still be necessary if social and cost benefits outweigh those from other configurations or long-term concession contracts are too risky. Implementing regulations protecting public values and enabling the coexistence of public, private or public-private configurations tailored to each unique local context could be an alternative, as successful district heating sectors abroad demonstrate.