bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation and Die Optimization Design of Extrusion Process for a Complex Hollow Aluminum Alloy Multi-Hole Die
Authors: Xia Wei , Wang Can , Jiang Li Hao , Zeng Jian Min
Published: January 2014

The steady state extrusion process of a complex, multi-hole aluminum extrusion die was simulated using the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) algorithm. According to the numerical simulation results and the extrusion experiment, a combined method of modifying the portholes, double-step welding chamber and adjusting bearings were proposed for qualified profiles. In this study, the influence of the shape of portholes and double-step welding chamber on the material flow velocity distribution at the outlet were emphatically analysed, and some reference value for the designing and modifying of multi-hole die is existed basing on the method.
Numerical Simulation of Air Gap Formation in Water-Cooled Mold Casting
Authors: Zhang Hui Shu , Zhan Dong Ping , Deng Bi Tao , Wang Li Jun , Jiang Zhou Hua
Published: January 2014

While using water cooled mold to produce steel ingot, an air gap is generated between the ingot and the mold, which has an important influence on the ingot quality. The air gap formation law and its influence on the solidification process were calculated by used FE software Procast. It is shown that, air gap occurs in a few minutes after the solidification begins. In 75-100s later the gap reaches 0.2-0.5 mm and starts to influent the heat transport significantly, the rate of the temperature decrease becomes slower. When the solidification is finished, there is a lager gap on the two narrow surfaces than it on the other wide surfaces; and the gap on the two narrow surfaces is different. The air gap on the narrow surface close to the sprue has a width of 12-20 mm; on the other narrow surface away from the sprue has a width of 4-13 mm. The biggest gap on the two wide surfaces has a size about 6.5mm. For the air gap is formatted between the ingot shell and the ingot mold, the solidification time is 50% longer than that of without air gap.
Study on Kinetic Characteristics of Solid-Liquid Two-Phase in Transporting Pipeline of Natural Gas Hydrate
Authors: Shang Li Yan , Zhao Shan Lin , Pan Zhen , Huang Teng Long
Published: January 2014

Based on multiphase flow theory and calculation method, the distribution of internal multiphase flow field in the vertical rise pipeline of natural gas hydrate is simulated with FLUENT as a tool and the mixture of natural gas hydrate solid particles and water as a medium. The change rules of velocity field and volume concentration field are described and the effect of solid particles diameter, density and volume concentration of the natural gas hydrate on the pressure loss and resistance loss of pipeline is also analyzed deeply. It provides theoretical basis on transporting of natural gas hydrate solid particles by pipeline.
Keywords:natural gas hydrate. pipeline. solid-liquid two-phase flow. kinetic characteristic. numerical simulation.
The Use of Renka Cline Algorithm in X-Ray Diffraction Residual Stress Measurement
Authors: Li Chun Guang , Dai Zhong Chen , Yun Zhong Huang , Li Dong Feng , Cao Xing Hua
Published: January 2014

Using the Renka Cline algorithm provided by OriginPro8.6 to fit the longitudinal residual stress through parts of the measurement value on the A7N01-T5 aluminum alloy butt welded joints compared with the whole measurement value. The result shows that the fitting value approximates the measurement value. The fitting value is reliable. So, Renka Cline algorithm is a reliable method to analyze the longitudinal residual stress on a plate region.
Hydrothermal Time Effecting on the Morphology of Hydroxyapatite Templated by L-DOPA
Authors: Li Xiao Hua , Cheng Xiao Ling , Xie Fu Yuan , Wu Xiao Qun , Yu Yu Zi
Published: January 2014

Using Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, (NH4)2HPO4 and ammonia water as the starting raw materials and L-DOAP as template, hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals were successfully prepared at 180 °C by changing the hydrothermal time. The HAP crystals were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The XRD patterns indicate that increasing hydrothermal time is helpful to improve the purity of the product and enhance crystallinity of HAP crystal. The FTIR analysis shows that the carbonate ions enter into the HAP crystal lattice and the final products are carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite. The FESEM images illustrate that HAP crystal morphology changed to flower-like hierarchical structures and grass blanket-like hierarchical structures when increasing the hydrothermal time to 1 h and 24 h. Therefore, hydrothermal time has a great influence on the morphology of HAP and the possible formation mechanism of HAP samples has been discussed.
Overloading Behavior of Anthracyclines on Silica Column with Aqueous-Organic Mobile Phases: Effect of Organic Modifier
Authors: Yuan Qin , Xia Lei Lei , Li Rui Ping
Published: January 2014

The peak shapes of 4 anthracyclines have been investigated using isoeluotropic mixtures of acetonitrile, methanol and tetrahydrofuran (THF) in combination with formate buffer at pH 2.9 on a silica column. With aqueous or aqueous-rich mobile phases, no significant differences in overloading behavior have been found with various organic modifiers. With organic-rich mobile phases, peak shape and its dependence on sample size are notably different when organic modifier concentration is changed. Pure aqueous buffer produces the overloaded peak profiles of the solutes associated with a typical Langmuir isotherm, while distinct anti-Langmuirian peaks have been achieved with organic-rich eluents. The general similarity of the loading behavior for the solutes with acetonitrile, THF or isopropanol has been reflected either in aqueous-rich or organic-rich eluents, suggesting that the nature of organic modifier dont dominate the peak shape but water content in the mobile phases.
Investigation of Sulfur Transformation during Coking Process
Authors: Sun Hui , Xia Hong Bo , Yang Qun , Du Shuai , Song Dan Dan , Chang Hai Zhou
Published: January 2014

Twenty-four kinds of coking coals which have different ranks are selected to investigate the sulfur transformation during coking process. The form sulfur in coals and cokes are determined by wet chemical method. The results show that the conversion of total sulfur during coal coking process is influenced by volatile content of coal and the content of the inertinite. The conversion of total sulfur is high for the large volatile content in coal. There is some linear correlation between the average conversion of total sulfur and the average inertinite content, this paper presents that the average conversion of total sulfur is high for the low average inertinite content. We also foud that coke sulfur depends primarily on the amount of coal sulfur, and the transformed capability of sulfide sulfur is stronger than that of the organic sulfur conversion for coal during coking process.
Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO Prepared by Sol-Gel Method with the Assistance of CTAB
Authors: Fang Hua , Wu Wei , Huang Zhun
Published: January 2014

ZnO photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method with the assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The specific surface area and structure were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO prepared for decolorization of methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution was evaluated. The results show that ZnO (mol ratio of ZnO/CTAB is 10) baked at 500°C holds the best photocatalytic activity.
The Influence of Preparation Procedures on Hydrogenation CO2 to Formic Acid over Supported Ru Catalysts
Authors: Liu Na , Lei Jie , Li Meng Yao , Wang Peng
Published: January 2014

A series of catalysts made of ruthenium loaded on γ-Al2O3 nanorods were prepared to study the effects of preparation procedure on their catalytic performances for hydrogenation CO2 to formic acid. The catalysts are characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption measurement and H2-TPR in detail. The results reveal that the catalytic activity is determined by the structure of supported ruthenium oxide species. The dispersion of RuOx is influenced by the preparation procedures. Optimal activity of catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid is achieved over a γ-Al2O3 nanorods supported 2.0 wt% ruthenium catalyst, which is prepared by calcinations at 573 K in flowing air for 6h.
Ammoximation of Cyclohexanone over Shaped TS-1 Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Liu Guo Qing , Xia Jun , Yuan Xia , Wu Jian
Published: January 2014

In this paper, shaped titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) zeolite catalysts from spray drying and extrusion were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nitrogen physisorption and laser diffraction techniques. The typical TS-1 MFI framework structures were both well retained during the shaping process. However, the extrudates gave dramatically decreased specific surface area, total pore volume and relatively poor catalytic performance in cyclohexanone ammoximation compared to spray samples and powdered TS-1, indicating that the spray method may be better choice for the reaction. Moreover, the stability and reusability of the spray shaped catalyst was evaluated by performing consecutives batch ammoximation runs with the same catalyst sample. After the fifth batch, it observed well stability of catalytic activity and particle size distribution.
The Preparation and Characterization of the Solid Acid Catalyst for the Esterification of the Gutter Oil
Authors: Liu Yan Zhi , Wang Shun Ping , Yuan Kun , Tang Huian
Published: January 2014

The solid acid catalyst (ACSA) for the gutter oil esterification to biodiesel was prepared via active carbon as raw material by introducing the-SO3H group onto the surface of it. The ACSA were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis (EA), respectively. And the results showed that the-SO3H groups were successfully introduced onto the surface of the active carbon and the containing of the-SO3H groups are higher than 0.017g per gram of ACSA.
Strategy in Optimization of Silicone Oil Emulsion by D-Optimal Mixture Design
Authors: Shi Hong Xin , Jiang Shan Shan , Shen Hai Min , Wu Hong Ke
Published: January 2014

Silicon oil emulsion was prepared by mixing silicon oil with emulsifiers and water. To optimize the emulsifiers formulation, the D-optimal mixture design (DMD) in Design-Expert software was used to design the emulsifiers formulation. E-1304, AEO-3, SG-6and OP-10 were used as emulsifiers. According to the mixture design matrix given by Design Expert 8.0.5, 20 samples of silicon oil emulsion were prepared, and their stabilities were investigated. Through the establishment of the regression model, the analysis of the interaction among the variables and operating the optimization functions of the mixture design software, an optimized emulsifier formulation was given, and with which a silicon oil emulsion with high solid content (56%) and good stability was prepared.
The Recovery of Sulfur Resource during Regeneration Process for the Hot Gas Desulfurization Sorbent
Authors: Hu Yan Hui , Ju Shang Guan , Yang Lei , Gao Yu Kun , Fan Hui Ling
Published: January 2014

Recovery of sulfur source is an important goal of industrialization regeneration for hot coal gas desulfurization sorbent. The different sulfide forms of sulfur produced in regeneration atmosphere and the method for recovering of sulfur source are discussed in this paper. The regeneration exhausted gas of high temperature desulfurization sorbent mainly has several forms of sulfides: sulfur dioxide, hydrosulfide and elemental sulfur, sulfide form and regeneration atmosphere have a direct relationship. Recovering sulfur dioxide utilize the reduction of CO or ammonia, and recovering hydrosulfide use selective catalytic oxidation which is the desulfurization method for achieve prospects of industrialization, but there is catalyst poisoning in these methods. We point out that the direct recovery of elemental sulfur from different forms of sulfide will be the focus of future research.
Research on the Phenol Degradation in Microbial Fuel Cells with Fe3O4-Reduced Graphene Oxide Cathodic Catalyst
Authors: Qi Guo Hui , Li Xing Quan , Cao Jie
Published: January 2014

Fe3O4-RGO composite nano material was successfully made through magnetite’s deposition on graphene.The measurement of scanning electron microscope demonstrated that magnetite with spinel structure attached on the surface of the reduced grapheme oxide without any conglomeration.The XRD spectrum revealed a heterogeneous structure of various composite materials. Fe3O4-RGO nano-composites were used as a cathodic catalyst for single-chamber MFC treating phenol sewage experiment. The results indicated the output of the max power density was up to 0.283 W/m2, while the internal resistance of the cathode was 151.2 Ω, which suggests the suitability of Fe3O4-RGO nano-composites being as MFC’s cathodic catalyst.Both of phenol and glucose could be used as substrates for the generation of electricity in MFC. The output of the power was stable after a period of operation. Meanwhile, the concentration of phenol in the MFC decreased along with the extension of the operation time.
Application of a Bioinformatics Method on Detecting of Acinetobacter baumannii Carrying Metallo-β-Lactamases Isolated from Inpatients
Authors: Ma Lin Lin , Huang Ali , Chu Wei , Li Xiao Han , Li Ming Cheng
Published: January 2014

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and charateristics of Acinetobacter baumannii producing MBLs isolated from the several wards of the affiliated hospital in Jilin regions. The bioinformatics technology was used to design primers, sequence and blast, in conjunction with antibiotic susceptibility test and MBL screening method. The total of 119 were isolated from three wards and 88 strains (73.9 %) produced MBLs, the number of 31 strains (26.1%) didnt produce MBLs. All MBLs isolates showed same antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Among Acinetobacter baumannii producing MBLs, 78 strains (88.9%) were positive for blaOXA-23 gene, 10 strains (11.1%) contained blaVIM-2 gene. Plasmid profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were used to study the relatedness of isolates. All MBLs isolates were closely related by PFGE and plasmid analysis. This study confirmed the potential risk of spreading of Acinetobacter baumannii producing MBLs with inter-and intrahospital clonal transfer of patients.
Extraction Process Optimization of Endo-Polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius
Authors: Xu Yan , Cao Hui , Gu Shuang Shuang , Wang Sha Sha , Wang Jun , Wu Fu An
Published: January 2014

Polysaccharides ofPhellinus igniariushave remarkable bioactivities and attracted considerable attention. In this study, extraction process of endo-polysaccharides fromP. igniariuwas investigated. The extraction conditions including ratio of sporocarp to water, extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction times were optimized. The experimental results indicated that the maximal yield of endo-polysaccharides fromP. igniariuwas 2.93 %, and the optimal conditions were as follows: ratio of sporocarp to water 1:30, extraction time 2 h, extraction temperature 90 °C, extraction twice. The best final ethanol concentration was 80 %. In addition, protein removal rate could reach 90.6 % using trichloroacetic acid method in extracting polysaccharides process.
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester and the Mechanism of Ultrasonic Promoting Esterification Reaction in Non-Aqueous Media
Authors: Zhang Jia Chan , Zhang Chan , Zhao Lei , Wang Cheng Tao
Published: January 2014

The preparation of sucrose fatty acid ester (SFAE) by lipase-catalyzing reaction usingCandida antarcticalipase B (CalB) and its immobilized form Novozym 435 was reported in this work. The preparation was characterized in non-aqueous media with and without ultrasound irradiation treatment. A conversion rate of SFAE up to 49.60% was achieved using Novozym 435 under the optimal conditions (45.4°C; mole ratio of methyl oleate to sucrose = 6.0:1; 4.0 mL acetone; 4.0 mg/mL Novozym 435; and 24.6 h of reaction). Under optimal ultrasound conditions (50 kHz, 0.15 W/cm2, 166.55 min), reaction time decreased by 75% approximately, compared with the control without ultrasonic irradiation, but the ultrasound irradiation treatment did not affect the SFAE yield catalyzed by Novozym 435. In the CalB-catalyzed preparation of SFAE under the same optimal reaction conditions, ultrasonic irradiation enhanced the activity of CalB during early time points and inhibited its activity after a long period of treatment. Moreover, CalB was further examined using Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the conformation and micro-morphology of CalB structural variations in various ultrasound irradiation treatments. CD results indicated that α-helical regions were increased and random coil regions remained at a similar level of proportion. SEM images showed small holes appeared on the surface of irradiated CalB. Therefore, we conclude that proper ultrasound irradiation could change the secondary structure and the surface morphology of the CalB in molecular level, and could accelerate the esterification reaction process.
Dihydro Flavonols Maybe an Effective and Specific Novel Treatment for Alcoholism by Affecting the Express of Aminobutyric Acid
Authors: Zheng Li
Published: January 2014

Flavonols is a class of widely distributed in nature polyphenols. Usually, studies have shown that lots of flavonols had certain effect on alcoholism. Studies have show that lots of flavonoids have effect on aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter mammalian in central nervous system. Dihydro flavonols, an kind of flavonols may have effect on alcoholism by GABA. Recent studies have shown that dihydro myricetin, an dihydro flavonol, has shown inhibition of GABA receptor gene expression. In like manner, we hypothesize that dihydro flavonols may affect the express of GABA as an effective and specific novel treatment for alcoholism.
A Trial on the Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen in NSCLC of Similar Differentiation
Authors: Lin Feng Wu , Zhang Chuan , Cheng Kun Peng , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Yan
Published: January 2014

Objective: To explore the expression of EGFR and PCNA in lung squamous cell carcinomas and lung adenocarcinomas, and the relationships between their overexpression and cancer tissue typing or lymphatic metastasis. Method: Detect the expression of EGFR and PCNA in 44 cases of similarly differentiated cancer tissue and 16 cases of normal lung tissue by immunohistochemistry. Result: The expression of EGFR and PCNA in lung cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissue. Meanwhile, no significant difference existed between expression of PCNA and EGFR in lung squamous carcinomas and that in lung adenocarcinomas (P>0.05), nor between lymph node metastatic tissue and negative lymph node metastatic tissue (P>0.05). Conclusion: EGFR and PCNA were involved in the onset and development of lung cancer, and had some correlation with lung cancer. No significant correlations were observed between EGFR or PCNA overexpression and lymph node metastasis.
Synthetic Study towards (±)Ieodomycin A
Authors: Zhang Jian Ting , Chen Shi Peng , Zhu Cheng Lin , Feng Jun Min , Wang Xiao Ji , Huang Shuang Ping
Published: January 2014

A concise and practical synthetic study towards racemic Ieodomycin A was described, which started from commercially available 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol (geraniol) and proceeded through a key Mukaiyama aldol reaction.
Anti-Fatigue Effects of Polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino by Forced Swimming Test
Authors: Qi Bo , Huang Hui
Published: January 2014

The current study was designed to investigate the anti-fatigue effects of polysaccharide ofGynostemma pentaphyllumMakino (GMP). The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, low-dose GMP-treated group, middle-dose GMP-treated group and high-dose GMP-treated group. The animals of control group received an oral administration of physiological saline in a volume of 1.0 mL, and the animals of treated group received the same volume of GMP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bodyweight/day) for 28 days. After 28 days, anti-fatigue effects of GMP were assessed by forced swimming test and some biochemical parameters related to fatigue including blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPH-Px), liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were measured using commercial kits. The results demonstrated that GMP prolonged the exhaustive swimming time, increased the liver glycogen and muscle glycogen contents, and decreased the BLA and BUN levels. It also improved the SOD and GPH-Px activities in blood of mice. These results indicated that FPR had anti-fatigue effects.
Alkaloids from Penicillium oxalicum, a Fungus Residing in Acrida cinerea
Authors: Xu Bang , Zou Kun , Cheng Fan
Published: January 2014

Five alkaloids, (Z)-N-(4-hydroxystyryl) formamide (1), (E)-N-(4-hydroxystyryl) formamide (2), 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (3), penipanoid A (4), asperazine (5), were isolated from cultures of Penicillium oxalicum, a fungus residing in Acrida cinerea. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 and CaSki cell lines.
Synthesis of (R)-2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl 4-Methylbenzenesulfonate
Authors: Liu Dong Wang , Tang Lin Jun , Wang Li Ping , Huang Fei Fei , Huang Shuang Ping , Wang Xiao Ji
Published: January 2014

Venlafaxine (Figure 1) is the new generation antidepressant drug. A synthetic route to the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-venlafaxine through Evans Aldol protocol was designed. The key intermediate, (R)-2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl4-methylbenzenesulfonate was prepared from cyclohexanone.
Clinicopathological Significance of HO-1 and HO-2 Expression in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Tang Li , Yu Li
Published: January 2014

Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting intracellular enzyme of heme catabolism. Overexpressed HO-1 can inhibit the apoptosis of tumor cells and promote tumor growth and metastasis, and (HO-1) has been considereded to play a major role in the pathogenesis of many tumors. Medulloblastomas (MB) are the most common malignant brain tumors in children and constitute 20% of all pediatric brain tumors. However, there is no report about clinicopathological significance of HO-1 and HO-2 expression in medulloblastoma (MB). In the present study, to explore the expression and potential function of HO in MBs, immunohistochemistry was used to examine the HO-1 and HO-2 expression in 41 MBs. The result showed that immunoreactivity of HO-1 was detected in 32 of 41 MBs and HO-2 was detected in 30 of 41 MBs, and their expression level had no significant correlations with the clinical features of the patients and subtypes of MB. In addition, the prognoses were better in those high HO-1 expression and low HO-2 expression cases. Taken together, the expression of HO-1 and HO-2 protein is significantly correlated with tumor growth in MB. The co-ordinated expression of HO-1 and HO-2 may affect the survival of MB patients. These results suggest that HO-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for MB.
Spectrophotometric Determination of 6-Mercaptopurine in Pharmaceutical Sample Using Fe(III)-Potassium Ferricyanide System
Authors: Tu Chang Qing , Wen Xin Rong
Published: January 2014

In the present work,we developed a simple,fast,sensitive and inexpensive method to determine 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in pharmaceutical sample using Fe (III)-potassium ferricyanide system by spectrophotometry.The results show that in acid medium, Fe (Ш) can be reduced to Fe (II) by hydrosulfuryl (-SH) in 6-Mercaptopurin molecule, and then Fe (II) reacts with potassium ferricyanide to form a soluble Prussian blue (KFeIII[FeII(CN)6]),the content of 6-MP was determinated indirectly through determinating the absorbance of the soluble Prussian blue.The various effect factors on the determination of 6-MP by spectrophotometry using potassium Fe (III)-ferricyanide system were investigated in detail.The maximum absorption wavelength of chromogenic system was 755 nm, good linear relationship was obtained between the absorbance and the concentration of 6-MP in the range of 0.4120~2.884 μ g·/mL,the equation of the linear regression was A=0.0411+0.1462C (μ g·/mL),with a linear correlation coefficient was 0.9991.This proposed method had been successfully applied to determinate of 6-MP in real pharmaceutical,and the results agreed well with those obtained by pharmacopoeial method.
Fabrication of Paper-Based Microfluidics by Single-Step Wax Printing for Portable Multianalyte Bioassays
Authors: Zhou Cai Bin , Zhang Yun , Le Shang Wang , Nie Jin Fang , Zhang Ting , Liu Fang , Li Jian Ping
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we initially report a new type of wax printing method for rapid fabrication of microfluidic devices in paper using a commercially available, cheap, minitype (home-use) CO2laser engraving machine. This method combines the two core operations commonly involved in all previous wax printing methods, namely the printing and heating (melting) of wax patterns into one operation of engraving home-made wax slice (put in contact with the surface of paper) by laser. The heat produced by the laser makes the wax being engraved melt and then spread into paper to form complete hydrophobic barriers which are used to define the hydrophilic flow channels or separate test microzones. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a typical device on a 3 cm × 3 cm piece of paper could be fabricated separately within ~320 sec and is ready for use once the engraving process is completed. The fabrication resolution and multiplexed analytical capability of the wax-patterned paper were additionally characterized.
Visual Study on the Effect of Osmotic Pressure on the Morphology of Emulsion Liquid Membrane
Authors: Li Sun Jun , Liu Hong Jing
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of osmotic pressure on the morphology of emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) by the visual way. The experimental results show that osmotic pressure has great effect on the globules of emulsion liquid membrane through water diffusion between two water phases. When under isotonic pressure, the water transport trend cannot be observed. When osmotic pressure is less than zero, water transfers from the internal phase to the external phase. But when osmotic pressure is larger than zero, water transports from the external phase to the internal phase first by diffusion, then water transports from the internal phase to the external phase by the coalescence. Therefore, it is possible to tailor osmotic pressure between two water phases to keep the stability of emulsion liquid membrane when ELM is used to separate some component.
Effect and Circulating of IC Reactor Treating Straw-Washing Wastewater
Authors: Zeng Ke , Liu Shi Hao , Zhang Hong Chao , Cui Yan Ping
Published: January 2014

An IC reactor volume 6m3 was used to treat the straw-washing water produced in a pulping and papermaking mill in experiment. When loading rate was 3.34~6.28kgCOD/(m3·d) COD average removal rate was 28.14%, that was lower than COD average removal rate of sludge waking up stage (47.30%) and acclimation stage (51.14%), and also lower than COD removal rate (50~80%) of IC running well. Gas production rate of the reactor was 1.53~32.17L/h, and effluent VFA was 746.0~1211.0mg/L. So hydrolysis-acidification process was more appropriate than anaerobic process when treating the straw-washing water. Due to low concentration of the wastewater and less gas production, the inner circulatory system of the reactor produced discontinuous ascending flow. When gas production rate of the reactor was 12.00~54.55L/h, flow rate of lifting pipe was 1.20~12.86L/h, and the ratio of flow rate and gas production rate was 0.08~0.36. Down pipe produced intermittent backflow, backflow rate reached 518.4~725.1L/h.
Research on MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) Gasification by CFB (Circulating Flue Bed)
Authors: Liu Hai Bing , Gu Jun
Published: January 2014

The paper proposes application of municipal solid waste CFB gasification as well as of the possible plant configurations and the environmental performances of the main commercially available gasifiers for municipal solid wastes. The case indicates that gasification is a technically viable option for the solid waste conversion, including residual waste from separate collection of municipal solid waste. It is able to meet existing emission limits and can have a remarkable effect on reduction of landfill disposal option. However, the operational difficulties experienced at several pilot and demonstration plants indicate that long-term operating results from a large industrial plant are needed before gasification can be considered a reliable alternative to combustion.
Thermodynamics of the Vitrified Bottom Ash Slag from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators-Phase Relations of CaO-SiO2-Na2O Oxide System
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Li Guang Qiang , Yang Yong Xiang , Xiao Yan Ping
Published: January 2014

Vitrification is considered to be an attractive technology for municipal solid waste incineration. The main components of the vitrified bottom ash slag are SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O and MgO, accounting for more than 90% of the total mass. The phase relations and thermodynamic properties of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-FeOx-MgO-Na2O oxide system is highly required, and is of great significance for optimization of vitrification processing and sustainable resource utilization of melting slag. Thermodynamic properties of the vitrified bottom ash slag were investigated in the present work. A study on the phase equilibria of CaO-SiO2-Na2O system was carried out with modelling method.
Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Reedy Grass Leaves by Chemical Activation with KOH
Authors: Chen Ling Zhi , Miao Dong Xu , Feng Xiao Jie , Xu Jian Zhong
Published: January 2014

Activated carbons (AC) were produced by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) at 800°C from chars that were carbonized from reedy grass leaves at 450°C in N2atmosphere. The effects of the weight ratio of KOH/char ( impregnation ratio), activation temperature and duration time were examined. Adsorption capacity was demonstrated with iodine number. BET surface area, pore volume and pore size of activated carbons were characterized by N2adsorption isotherms. The maximum surface area and iodine number of the AC was 1100 m2/g and 1080 mg/g produced at 800°C for2h and impregnation ratio is 4:1.The characteristics of activated carbons were determined by Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal gravimetry (TG/DTA) analysis of raw material was carried out.
Thermal Debromination of Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Iron-Based Catalyst
Authors: Li Shen Yong , Sun Shui Yu , Liu Jing Yong , Wu Jia Qi , Zeng Jia Jun
Published: January 2014

Pyrolysis appears to be a promising route allowing all-components recovery of the high value of potentially accessible products from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). However, bromine-containing pyrolysis oil must be dehalogenation, otherwise it will be a strong impact on thermal treatment. In the present study, an effective and environmental-friendly process using tri-iron tetroxide sorbent (Fe-O) to simultaneously degrade brominated epoxy resin from WPCBs was developed in pyrolysis process. The results show that brominated epoxy resins can be quickly decomposed under catalysis condition. Bromide concentration in pyrolysis oil decreases with the increase of the content of Fe-O. It can transfer the bromine from the gas phase and liquid phase to solid phase. When adding proportion to 1:1, bromine concentration of pyrolysis oil decreased by up to 98.2%. Fe-O can promote the decomposition of complex structure of benzene compounds to substance with simple structure. This study produces halogen free liquid products to recycle.
Study on Advanced Pretreatment of Seawater by Electrolysis
Authors: Nie Jing , Yi Shou Zhi , Miao Di
Published: January 2014

The advanced pretreatment by electrolysis of Bohai seawater in Tianjin used a diaphragm electrolyzer in the experiment. Removal efficiency and influence factors of the method were analyzed. Results show that turbidity, organic compounds, SDI and chroma of seawater were effectively decreased by electrolysis. Removal efficiency was significantly increased by current density, operation time and inter-electrode distance, and the optimum electrolytic conditions was determined as inter-electrode distance of 2 cm, current density of 15.87 mA·cm-2, operation time of 10 minutes. It was investigated that when the water quality after electrolysis was of pH 8.6, the chroma and turbidity decreasing trend slowed down, with chroma of 0.052 A, removal rate reached 88.4%; the residual turbidity reduced to 2.52 NTU, removal rate reached 90.71%. A PH of about 8.5, CODCr decreasing trend slowed down, and when CODCr < 750 mg/L, it conformed to the requirements of the reverse osmosis water.
Carbon Balance in Nanjing's Ecological Economic System
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhang Jin He , Liu Ze Hua , Sun Jin Kun
Published: January 2014

Along with new urbanization, substantial debates have been triggered on whether urban ecological economic system of CO2 balance relates to the sustainable urbanization. Based on the data of Nanjing city, China, in 2010, we calculate the total amount of CO2 emission and CO2 sequestration. Results show that CO2 emission mainly comes from industrial production (63.19%) and transportation (33.44%). Moreover, industrial raw coal (51.69%) is the main source of the carbon emission, whereas cultivated land (68.62%) and forestland (27.59%) are the most important carriers of CO2 sequestration. According to the calibrated results, we conclude that: (1) The relationship between the urban ecological subsystem and economic subsystem is uncoordinated; (2) Nanjing's economic development exerts particular influences on other regions ecological environment.
A Water-Soluble Iron Porphyrin as a Highly Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Peroxynitrite Decomposition
Authors: Luo Yun Jing , Ye San Xian , She Yuan Bin , Han Zhi Guo , Zhong Ru Gang
Published: January 2014

Peroxynitrite can be highly efficient catalyzed to harmless products with a turnover frequency 34.5 s-1by micromolar concentration of water-soluble iron porphyrin, 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis-(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphyrin-Fe(III)-chloride (T(p-COOH)PPFe(III)Cl). Then we used spectroscopic and kinetic to study its decomposition mechanism and rate in bionic environment (25 mM sodium bicarbonate). The data reveal that this catalytic reaction is a recyclable reaction. Peroxynitrite is decomposed to nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) through forming [oxoFe(IV)]+intermediate. Moreover, the [oxoFe(IV)]+intermediate is reduced back to the starting porphyrin. It is noted that the oxidized iron porphyrin can be reduced by the reducing agent in the solution. In addition, we also find the catalytic rate constant is higher in the presence of sodium bicarbonate than the absence of sodium bicarbonate. They are 1.26×106M-1s-1and 1.17×106M-1s-1, respectively.
Determination of Acrylates in Wastewater by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled to Capillary Gas Chromatography
Authors: Sun Jian Qi , Zeng Fang , Liu Xiao Feng
Published: January 2014

This study describes an analytical method employing capillary gas chromatography (GC) using flame ionization detection (FID) that has been developed for the simultaneous determination of acrylates (methyl acrylate (MA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA)) in wastewater. For this purpose, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was applied as a sample preparation technique. The DLLME conditions such as the types and volume of extraction solvent, the types and volume of the disperser solvent, pH value and salt addition were studied and optimized. The method was linear in the ranges from 4.3×10-4 to 200.0 μg·mL-1 for abovementioned acrylates with R2≥ 0.9992. The DLLME procedure allowed efficient recovery of the investigated acrylates ranging between 81 % and 109 % with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 9.1 for the blank samples spiked with 10, 50 and 100 μg·mL-1 of acrylates, respectively. These results showed the potential of this technique for acrylates monitoring in wastewater samples. Furthermore, the investigated methods are simple, reproducible, and inexpensive.
Study on Cold Flow Properties of Waste Cooking Methyl Ester
Authors: Wu Guang , Shong Jia Hui , Xu Shen Tao , Lai Yong Bin , Chen Xiu , Shu Jun Feng
Published: January 2014

The chemical compositions of waste cooking methyl ester (WCME) were analyzed by GC-MS, and the cold flow properties of WCME were studied by cold filer plugging point tester and viscosity tester. Through blending with petrodiesel and adding cold flow improver (CFI), the cold flow properties of WCME were improved efficiently. The study shows that WCME was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl ester (SFAME) and unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (UFAME), and contents of SFAME and UFAME were 27.63 and 71.81 w%, respectively. The cold filer plugging point (CFPP) of WCME was 0 °C, and the viscosity of it was 4.41 mm2·s-1 at 40 °C. Blending with 0 petrodiesel (0PD) and-10 petrodiesel (-10PD) decreased the CFPP of WCME to-4 °C and-13 °C, respectively. Meanwhile with WCME blending ratio increasing the viscosities of blending oils increased at the same temperature, and the viscosities increased gradually when the temperature decreased. Treating with CFI could significantly reduce the CFPP of blending oils which were composed of WCME and petrodiesel. The viscosities of blending oils with adding CFI were slightly higher than those with out CFI.
The Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectrum Characteristic of Tb3+-GMFX-AR and the Determination of Gemifloxacin
Authors: Xi Hui Ping , Fang Xiu Wei
Published: January 2014

A new method for the determination of Gemifloxacin (GMFX) by using Resonance Rayleigh scattering was put forward. In HAc-NaAc buffer solution of pH 5 - 6, terbium (III) and antibiotics GMFX could form cationic complexes, which coulf further form 1 :2 : 1 (Tb3+ : GMFX :AR) ternary ion association complexes by the reaction with Alizarin Red (AR) anion through electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction. The new Resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectra would appear, and the two scattering peaks were located at 370nm and 590 nm. At 370 nm, the scattering enhancement (ΔI) was proportional to GMFX of certain concentration and its linear range and detection limit (3σ) were 0.005 ~ 4.00 μg.mL-1and 14.5 ng.mL-1. This method is simple, fast, with good selectivity and reproducibility, and it can be used for determination of GMFX drug in various body fluids.
Study on the Salt Precipitation Law of La Guocuo Salt Lake Brine with Pretreatment at 5°C
Authors: Cui Yu Hu , Yuan Jian Jun
Published: January 2014

The brine from La Guocuo was pretreated with adding magnesium chloride hexahydrate, and it evaporated at 5°C. The salt precipitation law is obtained by evaporation experiment of this pretreated brine. In the evaporation concentration process, the salts precipitate phases are successively: magnesium carbonate, sodium sulfate, borate salts, sodium chloride and glaserite.
Preparation and Research Advance of Electronic Grade Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Wang Bin , Luo Kang Bi
Published: January 2014

The application of high purity phosphoric acid in industrial production is more and more widely used, especially electronic grade phosphoric acid, and the demand of it has risen year by year. This paper introduces the preparation and research advance of electronic grade phosphoric acid, expounds the principle, advantages and disadvantages and research advance of preparing high purity phosphoric acid by high purity phosphorus oxidation method and phosphoric acid purification method. Using hot process by direct method to prepare high purity electronic grade phosphoric acid is still the mainstream on the current, and the key of technique is the purification of yellow phosphorus and phosphoric acid.
Transition of Bubbly to Slug Flow in a Short Vertical Channel of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Zainon Mohd Zamri , Zubir Mohd Ardan , Ramli Rahizar
Published: January 2014

Transitions of bubbly to slug flow have been investigated for wide range of flow conditions via visualization technique. The effects of velocities of both phases were examined with variety of combinations and the experimentations were focused on the air-water flow with an industrial scale two-phase flow loop. The results show that the formations of slugs were easy with the increasing gas superficial velocity during a fixed liquid superficial velocity and were difficult when velocity of the liquid phase increases. These transitions were then evaluated using the ratio of velocities of both phases or called the slip ratio and from there a simple flow pattern map was constructed.
Decomposition Kinetics of Switchgrass: Estimating Activation Energy
Authors: Xu Gui Ying , Wang Jiang Bo , Guo Ling Ping , Sun Guo Gang
Published: January 2014

TG analysis was used to investigate the thermal decomposition of switchgrass, which is a potential gasification feedstock. 10 mg switchgrass sample with the particles between 0.45 and 0.70 mm was linearly heated to 873 K at heating rates of 10, 20, 30 K/min, respectively, under high-purity nitrogen. The Kissinger method and three isoconversional methods including Friedman, Flynn-wall-Ozawa, Vyazovkin and Lenikeocink methods were used to estimate the apparent activation energy of switchgrass. With the three isoconversional methods, it can be concluded that the activation energy increases with increasing conversion. The four model free methods reveal activation energies in the range of 70-460 kJ/mol. These activation energy values provide the basic data for the thermo-chemical utilization of the switchgrass.
Study on Synthesis of Complexes of Maleamic Acid and Lanthanum Ion
Authors: Chen Chuang Qian , Li Kan She , Kang Jie , Li Jin
Published: January 2014

Double maleamic acid (DMA) was synthesized with maleic anhydride and ethylenediamine in this paper, and its lanthanide metal complex (LMC) was synthesized in aqueous solution with lanthanum chloride (LaCl).The reaction conditions and the product were determined by UV absorption spectrum, IR spectrum and element analysis. The results showed that the product is La (OH)[C10H10O6N2]·2H2O. And it is the structural formula of speculation. Congo red experiments show that the thermal stability of PVC product was improved significantly after blending with Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) and LMC. The thermal stability time can be up to 20 minutes.
Isolation and Screening of Salt-Tolerance Lactic Acid Bacteria Strain and Study on its Characteristic Producing Lactic Acid
Authors: Huang Dan , Liu You Qing , Liang Yuan , Mao Xiang
Published: January 2014

The salt-tolerance lactic acid bacteria strain was isolationed and identified from soy sauce mash. The ability producing lactic acid was studied in different culture conditions. The salt-tolerance lactic acid bacteria strain was isolationed and screened by MRS medium with CaCO3and NaCl gradient plate from soy sauce mash. They were identified according to morphorlogy characters and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing methods. The ability producing lactic acid was studied at different fermentation temperature, NaCl concentration and pH value. The results showed: the strain with superior salt-tolerant was identified asLactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Its optimum fermentation temperature was 38°C. When NaCl concentration was 18%, its lactic acid yield could reach 22.68 g/L. It had a better absorbing ability of lactic acid in neutral or slight alkaline condition.
Effect of Catfish Bone Paste on the Properties of Steamed Bread
Authors: Ren Xiao Qing , Ma Li Zhen , He Xin Yi
Published: January 2014

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different levels of catfish bone paste to flour on the physicochemical, textural and crumb structure properties of steamed bread. Six different levels (0, 1, 3, 5, 7,10 %) of catfish bone paste to flour were used in the formulation of the steamed bread. The results showed that the weight loss and TTA of steamed bread decreased with an increase in the levels of the catfish bone paste. On the other hand, the pH increased with an increase in the levels of the catfish bone paste. The specific volume, hardness, chewiness and gas cell structure in the crumb of steamed bread with catfish bone paste at 5% supplementation level were better. Thus, a value of 5% catfish bone paste was considered a better level for incorporation into the steamed bread.
Effect of Packaging Films on Quality of Fresh-Cut Broccoli
Authors: Wang Dan , Li Xue , Ma Yue , Zhao Xiao Yan
Published: January 2014

In order to reveal the effect of packaging films on quality of fresh cut broccoli, three different properties of films were selected as materials. The effect of packaging films on headspace gas composition in the bag, respiratory rate and sensory quality of fresh cut broccolis were studied. The results showed that the samples in PE2 exhibited the best quality. The samples in PE1 had less quality than PE2. Although broccolis in PE3 had the lower O2concentration and highest CO2concentration, which retarded a great extent of respiration rate than others, but this condition induced anaerobe respiration, and then leading to the worst sensory quality.
Optimization of Culture Conditions ,Separation and Purification of a Lipopeptide Biosurfactant from Pseudomonas palleronii S6X
Authors: Zhai Li Li , Zhang Gong Liang , Sun Li Ming , Hou Hong Man
Published: January 2014

The influences of environmental factors on biomass and yield of biosurfactant were investigated by the single factor experiment. The optimal culture conditions ofPseudomonas palleroniiS6Xare: sucrose as carbon source, soy peptone as nitrogen source, 0.5% NaCl, pH7.0. The optimal fermention conditions of Pseudomonas palleronii S6X strain are: 3.0% inoculum, 30°C, 50ml medium volume(250ml flask). Under this condition, maximal biomass increase 17.1%, biosurfactant yield increase 33.3% Crude product biosurfactant was obtained by acid precipitation method, and the output is 1.33g/l. Crude product biosurfactant was extracted with dichloromethane and lyophilized. The lyophilized product of biosurfactant was isolated by Sephadex LH-20 column, the yield of primary purification product was reached 82.5%The primary purification product was purified by ODS column further, the yield of second pure product was reached 70%The pure product was identified as a lipopeptide by TLC.
The Application of a New Composite Elastomer Material in Rubber Tracks
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Yong , Ji Hong
Published: January 2014

A new composite elastomer material has been tested, in which natural rubber (NR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) are used as major components, and the high wear resistance carbon black and activity kaolin are introduced as ingredients. This material has been found to be able to enhance the property of grounding part glue and pattern side grounding glue in elastomeric parts. Test show that adding N330 carbon black into NR/SBR systems can significantly improve the strength and wear resistance of the composites. The use of activity kaolin not only improves the blend strength, but also reduce the manufacturing cost. The semi efficient curing system can be adopted by NR/SBR blends to increase the rubber materials property of anti-fatigue and aging resistance.