bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic and Hydrogen Plant Integrated with a Gas Heat Pump for Greenhouse Heating: A Mathematical Study
Authors: Anifantis Alexandros , Colantoni Andrea , Pascuzzi Simone , Santoro Francesco
Published: February 2018

Nowadays, the traditional energy sources used for greenhouse heating are fossil fuels such as LPG, diesel and natural gas. The global energy demand will continue to grow and alternative technologies need to be developed in order to improve the sustainability of crop production in protected environments. Innovative solutions are represented by renewable energy plants such as photovoltaic, wind and geothermal integrated systems, however, these technologies need to be connected to the power grid in order to store the energy produced. On agricultural land, power grids are not widespread and stand-alone renewable energy systems should be investigated especially for greenhouse applications. The aim of this research is to analyze, by means of a mathematical model, the energy efficiency of a photovoltaic (8.2 kW), hydrogen (2.5 kW) and ground source gas heat pump (2.2 kW) integrated in a stand-alone system used for heating an experimental greenhouse tunnel (48 m2) during the winter season. A yearlong energy performance analysis was conducted for three different types of greenhouse cover materials, a single layer polyethylene film, an air inflated-double layer polyethylene film, and a double acrylic or polycarbonate. The results of one year showed that the integrated system had a total energy efficiency of 14.6%. Starting from the electric energy supplied by the photovoltaic array, the total efficiency of the hydrogen and ground source gas heat pump system was 112% if the coefficient of the performance of the heat pump is equal to 5. The heating system increased the greenhouse air temperatures by 3–9 °C with respect to the external air temperatures, depending on the greenhouse cover material used.
Prospective of Societal and Environmental Benefits of Piezoelectric Technology in Road Energy Harvesting
Authors: Walubita Lubinda , Sohoulande Djebou Dagbegnon , Faruk Abu , Lee Sang , Dessouky Samer , Hu Xiaodi
Published: February 2018

Road energy harvesting is an ingenious horizon for clean and renewable energy production. The concept is very compatible with current traffic trends and the ongoing depletion of natural resources. Yet, the idea of harvesting roadway energy is still in its genesis, and only a few real-time implementation projects have been reported in the literature. This review article summarizes the current state of the art in road energy harvesting technology, with a focus on piezoelectric systems, including an analysis of the impact of the technology from social and environmental standpoints. Based on an extensive desktop review study, this article provides a comprehensive insight into roadway energy harvesting technologies. Specifically, the article discusses the societal and environmental benefits of road energy harvesting technologies, as well as the challenges. The study outlined the meaningful benefits that positively align with the concept of sustainability. Overall, the literature findings indicate that the expansion of the roadway energy harvesting technology to a large practical scale is feasible, but such an undertaking should be wisely weighed from broader perspectives. Ultimately, the article provides a positive outlook of the potential contributions of road energy harvesting technologies to the ongoing energy and environmental challenges of human society.
Road Safety Risk Assessment: An Analysis of Transport Policy and Management for Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Asian Countries
Authors: Shah Syyed , Ahmad Naveed , Shen Yongjun , Pirdavani Ali , Basheer Muhammad , Brijs Tom
Published: February 2018

Road safety assessment has played a crucial role in the theory and practice of transport management systems. This paper focuses on risk evaluation in the Asian region by exploring the interaction between road safety risk and influencing factors. In the first stage, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is applied to calculate and rank the road safety risk levels of Asian countries. In the second stage, a structural equation model (SEM) with latent variables is applied to analyze the interaction between the road safety risk level and the latent variables, measured by six observed performance indicators, i.e., financial impact, institutional framework, infrastructure and mobility, legislation and policy, vehicular road users, and trauma management. Finally, this paper illustrates the applicability of this DEA-SEM approach for road safety performance analysis.
Tourist Traffic Significantly Affects Microbial Communities of Sandstone Cave Sediments in the Protected Landscape Area “Labské Pískovce” (Czech Republic): Implications for Regulatory Measures
Authors: Kukla Jaroslav , Holec Michal , Trögl Josef , Holcová Diana , Hofmanová Dagmar , Kuráň Pavel , Popelka Jan , Pacina Jan , Kříženecká Sylvie , Usťak Sergej , Honzík Roman
Published: February 2018

In the Protected Landscape Area “Labské pískovce” (Czech Republic), there are many sandstone caves accessible by permission only and where climbing equipment is commonly required. The tradition of visiting the caves dates back to turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and visitors traditionally record their visits in log-books. We have gathered attendance data from 12 caves from log-books and via survey (2-year form collection period). The attendance varied from less than 10 to ~650 visitors annually. Signs of inadequate behavior of visitors were observed, especially waste disposal and smoking in the caves. Sediment step-compression increased significantly the ratios of fungi/bacteria and gram-positive to gram-negative (G+/G−) phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) as well as PLFA of actinobacteria and activities of sediment phosphatases, glucosidases, and peroxidases. The number of visitors was correlated positively with the G+/G− ratio and sediment nutrients but negatively with sediment moisture and the activity of peroxidases. The results indicate a significant effect of attendance on sediment microbial communities, most likely caused by the import of nutrients into caves. Hence, reconsideration of the cave attendance policy is recommended.
Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method
Authors: Sinitsyna Olga V , Meshkov Georgy B , Grigorieva Anastasija V , Antonov Alexander A , Grigorieva Inna G , Yaminsky Igor V
Published: February 2018

Graphite oxide has a complex structure that can be modified in many ways to obtain materials for a wide range of applications. It is known that the graphite precursor has an important role in the synthesis of graphite oxide. In the present study, the basal-plane surface of highly annealed pyrolythic graphite (HAPG) was oxidized by Hummers’ method and investigated by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. HAPG was used as a graphite precursor because its surface after cleavage contains well-ordered millimeter-sized regions. The treatment resulted in graphite intercalation by sulfuric acid and blister formation all over the surface. Surprisingly, the destruction of the sp2-lattice was not detected in the ordered regions. We suggest that the reagent diffusion under the basal plane surface occurred through the cleavage steps and dislocations with the Burgers vector parallel to the c-axis in graphite.
The Impact of Tinnitus on N-Back Performance in Normal Hearing Individuals
Authors: Waechter Sebastian , Hallendorf Linda , Malmstein Emelie , Olsson Anna , Brännström K. Jonas
Published: February 2018

Background:Tinnitus sufferers commonly report concentration difficulties. Despite several previous studies investigating this, the underlying cause and the role of hearing status remains unclear.Purpose:To investigate whether there are any differences between normal hearing
individuals with and without tinnitus in terms of working memory capacity, and whether working memory capacity correlates with high-frequency hearing thresholds.Research Design:Participants had their hearing thresholds measured (0.125‐16 kHz) and performed a visual n-back test.
All participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, in addition tinnitus participants filled out the Tinnitus Questionnaire.Study Sample:Sixty-two individuals participated, 31 had tinnitus (tinnitus group) and 31 did not have tinnitus (control group). Groups were age-
and sex matched, and all participants had normal hearing thresholds (20 dB HL or better at 0.125‐8 kHz).Data Analysis:Friedman test of differences among repeated measures was conducted on the collected data of n-back performance, and Mann‐Whitney U-test was used
to compare groups. Age-corrected correlations were calculated for high-frequency hearing and each n-back condition.Results:We found no significant differences between the groups in terms of n-back task performances, except for the 2-back condition where the tinnitus group performed
significantly better than the controls (p = 0.007). Furthermore, we found high-frequency hearing thresholds of the best ear (10‐16 kHz) to correlate with performances at more demanding n-back conditions (p = 0.029 for 1-back and p = 0.015 for 2-back).Conclusion:This
suggests that presence of tinnitus might not imply poorer working memory capacity and that deteriorated high-frequency hearing thresholds.
A Changing Wind Collision∗
Authors: Nazé Yaël , Koenigsberger Gloria , Pittard Julian M. , Parkin Elliot Ross , Rauw Gregor , Corcoran Michael F. , Hillier D. John
Published: February 2018

We report on the first detection of a global change in the X-ray emitting properties of a wind–wind collision, thanks to XMM-Newton observations of the massive Small Magellenic Cloud (SMC) system HD 5980. While its light curve had remained unchanged between 2000 and 2005, the X-ray flux has now increased by a factor of ∼2.5, and slightly hardened. The new observations also extend the observational coverage over the entire orbit, pinpointing the light-curve shape. It has not varied much despite the large overall brightening, and a tight correlation of fluxes with orbital separation is found without any hysteresis effect. Moreover, the absence of eclipses and of absorption effects related to orientation suggests a large size for the X-ray emitting region. Simple analytical models of the wind–wind collision, considering the varying wind properties of the eruptive component in HD 5980, are able to reproduce the recent hardening and the flux-separation relationship, at least qualitatively, but they predict a hardening at apastron and little change in mean flux, contrary to observations. The brightness change could then possibly be related to a recently theorized phenomenon linked to the varying strength of thin-shell instabilities in shocked wind regions.
The Ultra-fast Outflow of the Quasar PG 1211+143 as Viewed by Time-averaged Chandra Grating Spectroscopy
Authors: Danehkar Ashkbiz , Nowak Michael A. , Lee Julia C. , Kriss Gerard A. , Young Andrew J. , Hardcastle Martin J. , Chakravorty Susmita , Fang Taotao , Neilsen Joseph , Rahoui Farid , Smith Randall K.
Published: February 2018

We present a detailed X-ray spectral study of the quasar PG 1211+143 based on Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) observations collected in a multi-wavelength campaign with UV data using the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST-COS) and radio bands using the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). We constructed a multi-wavelength ionizing spectral energy distribution using these observations and archival infrared data to create xstar photoionization models specific to the PG 1211+143 flux behavior during the epoch of our observations. Our analysis of the Chandra-HETGS spectra yields complex absorption lines from H-like and He-like ions of Ne, Mg, and Si, which confirm the presence of an ultra-fast outflow (UFO) with a velocity of approximately −17,300 km s−1 (outflow redshift z
out ∼ −0.0561) in the rest frame of PG 1211+143. This absorber is well described by an ionization parameter

and column density

. This corresponds to a stable region of the absorber’s thermal stability curve, and furthermore its implied neutral hydrogen column is broadly consistent with a broad Lyα absorption line at a mean outflow velocity of approximately −16,980 km s−1 detected by our HST-COS observations. Our findings represent the first simultaneous detection of a UFO in both X-ray and UV observations. Our VLA observations provide evidence for an active jet in PG 1211+143, which may be connected to the X-ray and UV outflows; this possibility can be evaluated using very-long-baseline interferometric observations.
Evaluation of Combined Use of Temocillin Disk and Mastdisks Inhibitor Combination Set Against Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Shaker Omnia A. , Gomaa Howayda Ezz El Din , ElMasry Shereen A. , Abdel Halim Rania M. , Abdelrahman Amany H. , Kamal Jackline S.
Published: February 2018

AIMS: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of MDI and temocillin disk (30 μg) for detection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in comparison to real-time PCR.METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty specimens submitted to the Microbiology Laboratory of Ain Shams University Hospitals and showed resistance to carbapenem drugs through routine culture and susceptibility testing, were assessed by both temocillin disk (30 μg) and MDI set to detect carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Results were compared to real-time PCR for detection of carbapenemase genes blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA–48-like, blaVIM, and blaIMP. Our work revealed that most of the CPE isolates were Klebsiella species (62%) followed by E. coli (24%), Serratia (10%) and Citrobacter (4%). Phenotypic detection of carbapenem-resistant classes revealed OXA - 48 in 96% of isolates, followed by MBLs (82%), and KPC (34%).  All isolates were negative for AmpC.  Detection of the genes by real-time PCR showed that the predominance was for the blaOXA-48 gene (96%) then blaVIM (94%) followed by blaNDM (54%), blaKPC (46%) and finally blaIMP (40%). Evaluation of the MDI set against PCR showed sensitivity (82.1%) and specificity (70%). The temocillin disk had 97.9% sensitivity and 50% specificity.  The evaluation of Temocillin disk and MDI in combination for detection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae showed 99.7% sensitivity and 35% specificity.CONCLUSIONS: Adding Temocillin disk to Mastdisks ID inhibitor combination set provides a simple, easy, rapid and highly sensitive test that can be used for screening and classification of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. However, it still needs confirmation by molecular techniques.
Revision of the Mesoamerican species of Calolydella Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) and description of twenty-three new species reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica
Authors: Fleming AJ , Wood D. Monty , Smith M. Alex , Hallwachs Winnie , Janzen Daniel
Published: February 2018

Twenty-three new species of the genus Calolydella Townsend, 1927 (Diptera: Tachinidae) are described, all reared from multiple species of wild-caught caterpillars across a wide variety of families (Lepidoptera: Crambidae; Erebidae; Geometridae; Hesperiidae; Lycaenidae; Nymphalidae; Pieridae; Riodinidae; and Sphingidae). All caterpillars were collected within Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), in northwestern Costa Rica. This study provides a concise description of each new species using morphology, life history, molecular data, and photographic documentation. In addition to the new species, we also provide a generic redescription and revised key to species of the genus Calolydella from Central and South America.

The following 23 new species of Calolydella are described by Fleming and Wood: C. adelinamoralesae sp. n., C. alexanderjamesi sp. n., C. argentea sp. n., C. aureofacies sp. n., C. bicolor sp. n., C. bifissus sp. n., C. crocata sp. n., C. destituta sp. n., C. discalis sp. n., C. erasmocoronadoi sp. n., C. felipechavarriai sp. n., C. fredriksjobergi sp. n., C. inflatipalpis sp. n., C. interrupta sp. n., C. nigripalpis sp. n., C. omissa sp. n., C. ordinalis sp. n., C. renemalaisei sp. n., C. susanaroibasae sp. n., C. tanyadapkeyae sp. n., C. tenebrosa sp. n., C. timjamesi sp. n., C. virginiajamesae sp. n. Lydella frugale Curran, 1934 is proposed as a new synonym of Pygophorinia peruviana Townsend, 1927, syn. n., under the combination Calolydella frugale (Curran, 1934), comb. n.
Politisations du temps à l’ère de l’instabilité
Authors: Blanc Nathalie
Published: February 2018

L’accélération de l’instabilité du monde est patente. Elle concerne aussi bien la désorganisation croissante des échelles du vivant, la raréfaction des ressources, la numérisation de nos moyens et conditions d’existences, un nouvel âge géologique communément dit « Anthropocène » – quelque critique soit l’emploi de ce terme qui convertit l’approche chronotopique en stade paradigmatique, millénariste, alors que la manière dont nous voyons le monde, nous mêlons à lui, est déjà le signe d’une hybridation entre technosphère et biosphère. Cet essai porte sur les manières de répondre aux instabilités dans un monde qui semble s’être accéléré, mais qui s’est avant tout pluralisé. Cependant, cette pluralité ne doit pas faire oublier la destruction accélérée des mondes sociaux-environnementaux, et la grande difficulté de la construction de résistances.
Économie & discordance des temps
Authors: Koleva Petia , Magnin Éric
Published: February 2018

La transformation post-socialiste en Europe centrale et orientale au cours des années 1990 et 2000 a été l’enjeu d’une lutte des temps, qui recoupe sans s’y limiter les clivages théoriques en sciences économiques. Cet article présente les deux conceptions du temps et du changement de système qui ont eu des conséquences très concrètes pour les populations de ces pays à travers les programmes de réforme adoptés. Il souligne les limites de l’idéologie économique dominante et appelle à ne pas négliger la dimension institutionnelle des phénomènes économiques et la mémoire des compromis passés qu’elle représente.
Le stade esthétique de la production / consommation et la révolution du temps choisi
Authors: Antonioli Manola
Published: February 2018

À partir d’une relecture de quelques textes de Jean Baudrillard, l’article retrace les étapes de l’élargissement du paradigme du travail au temps prétendument « libre » des loisirs, devenu un pilier essentiel de l’économie contemporaine et du « capitalisme artiste ». Après une discussion de L’esthétisation du monde de Gilles Lipovetsky et Jean Serroy, la lecture d’André Gorz permet d’envisager une sortie des paradoxes et de l’appauvrissement de l’expérience entraînés par le lien indissociable entre « temps de travail » et « temps des loisirs » (tous les deux contraints), dans la perspective utopique (mais désormais concrètement réalisable) d’une « révolution du temps choisi ».
L’État et le coutumier au nord du Mozambique
Authors: Obarrio Juan , Querrien Anne
Published: February 2018

Cet article décrit la nouvelle articulation entre l’appareil d’État et le domaine du « coutumier » dans le nord du Mozambique à partir de deux événements concomitants : un rituel funéraire en l’honneur d’un ancien chef et un rallie électoral du FRELIMO. La reconnaissance de la chefferie et du coutumier par l’État, demandée par les donateurs internationaux, met fin à des décades d’exclusion des autorités indigènes. Pourtant celles-ci demeurent, et leur ascendant local sur les populations semble pouvoir être mis au service de l’État, malgré leur compromission dans les violences passées.
L’Afrique, autrement
Authors: Roitman Janet
Published: February 2018

Bien que la crise soit clairement définie par une conjoncture historique bien précise (guerre, récession, famine) – ou par un moment de bifurcation dans l’histoire – elle est devenue depuis trois décennies déjà la condition ontologique du continent africain, son état permanent. Peut-on parler d’un état de crise sur le long terme ? Comment penser l’Afrique autrement que sous le signe de la crise ? C’est la question centrale de cet article. Au lieu d’argumenter « contre » la crise, l’auteur prône une pratique du concept de crise, qui veut explorer les potentialités d’ouverture – ou de fermeture – que la crise contient.
Précarité africaine
Authors: Barchiesi Franco , Querrien Anne
Published: February 2018

La norme du travail salarié à plein temps n’a jamais réussi à s’imposer en Afrique, pas plus que l’éthique du consumérisme fondée sur l’épargne à long terme. Elle sert pourtant de référence aux projections économiques des leaders nationalistes et aux gouvernements postcoloniaux, ainsi qu’aux politiques d’ajustement structurel de la Banque Mondiale. Il en résulte un maintien des modalités d’exploitation coloniale et une incapacité à proposer une vision de l’économie originale, fondée sur les réalités du continent. La précarité représente de ce point de vue une modalité de résistance, une fuite potentiellement émancipatrice. Cependant, la récente théorisation de la précarité en Europe échoue à proposer un modèle alternatif parce qu’elle s’ancre dans l’impératif du travail. Seuls les discours religieux autorisent d’autres représentations et ils sont dès lors largement mobilisés en Afrique.
La logique de Nuremberg ne s’applique pas à l’Afrique
Authors: Mamdani Mahmood , Dubois François-Ronan
Published: February 2018

Au sortir de la Deuxième guerre mondiale, les vainqueurs ont voulu punir les responsables de l’Holocauste et s’assurer par là du non-retour des violences de masse. Les procès se tenaient au nom des victimes mais celles-ci s’étaient vu donner un territoire propre, Israël, où elles pouvaient se tenir à l’écart de leurs bourreaux. En Afrique, les puissances occidentales ont prétendu tenir le même discours avec la Cour pénale internationale, mais elles attaquaient en même temps militairement ce qui restait des milices armées. Surtout, victimes et bourreaux furent condamnés à continuer de vivre ensemble, à reconnaître leurs fautes et à aménager leurs droits et devoirs respectifs, ce à quoi s’est consacré la Convention pour une Afrique du Sud démocratique (CODESA) avant même la libération de Mandela, la fin officielle de l’Apartheid et la mise en place de la Commission de Vérité et de Réconciliation. Elle eut donc un rôle politique pionnier.
Afrocomputation
Authors: Mbembe Achille , van der Haak Bregtje , Dubois François-Ronan
Published: February 2018

L’explosion des usages des techniques de communication en Afrique puise ses racines dans l’imaginaire pré-colonial, qui portait sur l’extension du monde au-delà du perceptible, du corporel, du conscient. Dans cette cosmogonie, les objets techniques et artefacts étaient doués d’une vitalité qui en faisaient des interfaces, des seuils à transgresser pour accéder aux horizons infinis de l’univers, dans une sorte de transmutation. Le téléphone portable et Internet parlent à l’inconscient archaïque et aux mémoires techniques des sociétés africaines, leur permettant de passer sans transition de l’âge de pierre à l’âge numérique. L’Afrique était déjà numérique à une époque pré-numérique, car les sociétés africaines se sont constituées par la circulation et le mouvement, inscrits dans les mythes africains de l’origine. Qui dit migration dit expérience de la nouveauté, plasticité permanente, extension du possible. Cette souplesse et cette aptitude à l’innovation constante, c’est aussi l’esprit d’Internet et du numérique.
The Experimental Monitoring of the Water Regime in the Reka River
Authors: Brilly M. , Mikoš Matjaž , Petkovšek G. , Šraj Mojca , Kogovšek Janja , Drobne Damjana , Štravs L.
Published: February 2018

Reka Reka, s prispevno površino 422 km2 , ponika v Škocjanskih jamah, ki jih je UNESCO leta 1986 proglasil za svetovno dediščino. V sedemdesetih letih je bila Reka ena od najbolj onesnaženih rek v Sloveniji. V času visokih vod leta 1999 in 2000 smo izvedli meritve hitrosti, kalnosti, vrste fizikalnih in kemičnih parametrov ter teste strupenosti. Glavni cilji teh pionirskih meritev so bili preveriti mersko opremo v terenskih pogojih visokih voda, zbrati čimveč podatkov ter primerjati uporabnost opreme.The river Reka, with 422 square kilometres of drainage area sinks into the Škocijan Cave system, which was proclaimed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1986. In the seventies, the Reka river was one of most polluted rivers in Slovenia. During floods in 1999 and 2000, experimental measurements of velocity, water level, suspended sediment transport, chemical parameters and toxicity tests were conducted. The main tasks in the first stage of the investigation: check the equipment in field conditions and test the toxicity of water in particular cross sections. In the paper, the measurements and some discussion of the results and applicability of equipment are presented.
Underground Timavo River Monitoring (Classical Karst)
Authors: Cucchi Franco , Zini Luca
Published: February 2018

Instrumenti, ki zvezno merijo nivo, temperaturo in prevodnost vode so bili postavljeni na 10 točkah. Opazovalna mesta so postavljena na dnu, kjer jama doseže vode Reke (Timave), ki zbira podzemne vode klasičnega Krasa. Predhodne analize velikega števila podatkov, ki smo jih zbrali do sedaj, pomagajo bolje določiti način pretakanja vode v globinah. Ugotovili smo tri različne vodne valove, vpliv črpanja na nekaterih delih in mešanje različnih voda na drugih.Some instruments that continuously measure height, temperature and conductivity of waters have been placed in 10 stations. The stations are located on the bottom of the cavities that reach the waters of the Timavo, the underground river that collects the hypogean waters of the Classical Karst. The preliminary analysis of the remarkable amount of data that has been collected up to now helps define the modalities of water circulation in depth better. There are three different types of flood wave, pumping effects in some tracts and mixing of different waters in other tracts.
Medical Survey of the Staff Working in Škocjan Caves
Authors: Debevec Gerjevič Vanja
Published: February 2018

Jamska mikrokilima se odlikuje po mnogih parametrih, ki v primeru dolgotrajnega delovanja, lahko povzročajo fiziološke spremembe v človeškem telesu. Poleg temperature, zračnega toka, odsotnosti sončne svetlobe in vlage, ki se spreminjajo glede na lokacijo in strukturo podzemnih prostorov, je prisotno tudi radonsko sevanje. Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija, izvaja redne in kontinuirane meritve radona in hčerinskih produktov že pet let. Vse meritve opravlja Zavod za varstvo pri delu, Ljubljana. Obenem uprava parka vodi natančno evidenco o času, ki ga posamezniki prebijejo v jami, kar nam omogoča, da določimo maksimalno prejeto dozo sevanja, ki jo zaposleni prejmejo pri delu v času enega leta. V skladu z nacionalnimi predpisi in zakoni ter odločbo, ki jo je izdalo Ministrstvo za zdravstvo RS, Zdravstveni inšpektorat RS, je Park Škocjanske jame vzpostavil tudi redni medicinski nadzor zaposlenih v jami. Da bi preprečili zdravstvene probleme, ki bi utegnili nastati, se izvajajo podrobnejši zdavstveni pregledi, vsako leto ali redkeje. S krvnimi analizami se spremlja vpliv sevanja. V prispevku bo v kratkem predstavljen splošen pregled mikroklimatskih parametrov tako z vidika koristnih vplivov kot tudi dejavnikov tveganja.The cave microclimate is distinguished by many parameters that could underlie some physiological changes in human body when exposed for an extended period of time. Beside temperature, air-flow, the absence of sunlight and humidity, which vary according to the location and structure of the underground space, radon radiation is present as well. Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenia, has been performing a regular and continuous monitoring of radon and its daughter products for about five years now. All measurements are done by the Institute for Occupational Safety, Ljubljana. The accurate evidence of time spent in the cave is kept for every member of the staff. This enables us to combine the data with radon concentration and determine the maximum dose of radiation that one has received during one year working period. According to national regulation and law, stated by National Health Inspector and Ministry of Health, a regular medical survey has been established. Detailed medical exams are performed each year or less frequently in order to prevent health problems. Blood tests enable us to observe radiation impact. In the following work a short overview of microclimates impacts will be presented as health and risk factors.
Control of Environmental Parameters for Management and Conservation of Nerja Cave (Malaga, Spain)
Authors: Carrasco Francisco , Vadillo Iñaki , Liñán Cristina , Andreo Bartolomé , Durán Juan José
Published: February 2018

V povprečju obišče jamo Nerja ve~ kot 500.000 ljudi letno. Od leta 1993 je v jami instalirana mreža monitoringa, ki vsako uro meri številne parametre, da bi ugotovili vplive obiskovalcev na podzemno okolje. Od 1991 izvršujejo hidrokemične meritve vode v curkih v jami in pri naravnih iztokih iz karbonatnega vodonosnika. Zvezna merjenja fizikalno kemijskih parametrov prenikajoče vode, dnevni odtok, kakor tudi temperatura in relativna vlažnost zraka, koncentracija CO2 in temperatura skale kažejo človekov vpliv. Glavne spremembe okoljskih parametrov so naslednje: 1. zračna temperatura zraste za 0,2 °C na vsakih 1000 obiskovalcev na dan; 2. relativni porast relativne zračne vlage med 2 in 3 %, ki v poletnih dneh doseže nasičenost; 3. koncentracija CO2 v zraku narase do vrednosti med 500 in 700 ppm v obdobju manjšega obiska in za desetkratno izhodiščno vrednost ob času velikega obiska (2.800 ppm); 4. temperatura skale narase med 0,02 °C do 0,15 °C na dan in 5. PCO2 prenikajo~e vode izkazuje spremembe, naraščajoče med velikim obiskom in padajoči indeks nasičenosti karbonatnih mineralov. The Nerja Cave receives on average more than 500,000 visitors per year. In order to know the possible impact in the underground environment by human visits, a monitoring network was installed since 1993, to control hourly several parameters. Also, since 1991 a hydrochemical control has been carried out in the drip water points of the cave and in the natural discharge points of the carbonate aquifer. This continuous record of physical-chemical parameters of drip water, its daily outflow, as well as temperature and relative humidity in the air, CO2 concentration and rock temperature shows the human influence. The main changes in environmental parameters are the following: 1. cave air temperature rises 0.2 °C by 1000 visitors/day; 2. a daily increase between 2 and 3 % in relative air humidity, reaching saturation on summer days; 3. CO2 concentration in air increases up to values between 500 and 700 ppm during low visitability periods and 10 times the background value during high visitability periods (2.800 ppm); 4. temperature of the rock rises between 0.02 °C and 0.15 °C/day, and (5) PCO2 of drip water also presents variations, increasing during the big influx of visits and decreasing the saturation index of carbonated minerals.
Cultural Heritage and Protected Areas
Authors: Delak Koželj Zvezda
Published: February 2018

Prispevek opredeljuje vlogo dejavnosti varstva dediščine v območjih zavarovane krajine oziroma parkov, ki vsekakor presega običajne delovne postopke. Izpostavlja vlogo etnologa konservatorja s poudarkom na pomenu temeljnih raziskav izbranega območja kot osnove za načrtovanje obsega vsebine, predstavitve dediščine, upravljanja, skratka celovitega razvoja zavarovanega območja.The article is defining the role of heritage - conservation activity in sites of protected landscape and parks respectively; the activity which by all means surpasses the habitual working processes. It exposes the role of ethnologist - conservationist with the stress on inevitability of basic researches on the chosen site, which should serve as grounding for planning the complex development of the protected region (i.e.: the extent of content, heritage presentation, management, ...).
Competition for food between the Mediterranean shag, the great cormorant and artisanal fisheries: a case study
Authors: Aguado-Giménez Felipe , Eguía-Martínez Sergio , Torres-Campos Irene , Meroño-García Santiago , Martínez-Ródenas Jacinto
Published: February 2018

The Mediterranean shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii) and the great cormorant (P. carbo sinensis) are syntopic birds in an area encompassing Grosa Island and the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (SE Spain, western Mediterranean) during the breeding season of the former and the wintering period of the latter. Diet composition of both birds was studied through pellet analysis and otolith identification. Competition for fish resources between these two seabirds and with local artisanal fisheries was assessed. Shags preyed preferentially on small pelagic fish, and great cormorants mainly consumed demersal fish. Shag diet consisted of marine fish strictly, but great cormorant fed in all the available environments in the study area, including marine, transitional (coastal lagoon) and freshwater reservoirs. The great dissimilarity observed between shag and great cormorant diet composition showed no competition between them. The low shag population density and fishing effort in their foraging area suggested no competition with fisheries. Conversely, great cormorant population density in the study area was very high, and they foraged on fish of high commercial value. However, competition between great cormorant and artisanal fisheries only affected some of the less abundant species fished.
Design of an Ideal Low Pass Microstrip Line Filter Using the Defected Ground Structure
Authors: Chen Ping Cheng , Pan Chung Long , Huang J.D. , Hong S.H.
Published: February 2018

A design and simulation for low pass microstrip line filter with defected ground structure has been researched, the main purpose is with the simplest method to design an ideal low pass filter. In this paper, simulated soft (Ansoft HFSS V.6.0) used to be simulated the frequency response under different geometric shape of DGS. The results show good performance of a low pass filter with DGS. Final, a low pass filter with DGS design and fabricated, The properties are shown as flow: center-frequency: 7.28G, S21:-47dB, cut-off frequency: 5.88GHz.
Controlling Chaotic Dual-Ring Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser by Modulating or Shifting the Loss
Authors: Yan Sen Lin
Published: February 2018

Controlling chaotic dual-ring erbium-doped fiber laser and the produced dynamics are studied by modulating or shifting the laser loss while the control model is presented to pressure behavior of the laser to a periodic state or multi-periodic states by a periodic signal perturbing or shifting the loss. When the loss of one ring of the laser is modulated via a sinusoidal signal, chaotic behaviors of the dual-ring can be pressured in two single-periodic states while two rings emit cyclic pulses. It indicates that chaotic dual-ring erbium-doped fiber laser is effectively controlled. When another sinusoidal signal is taken to perform on the loss, the laser can be educe to present a period-2 or period-3 state. When the loss is shifted between two different levels, the dual-ring can be deduced to a period-4, a period-6 and other multi-periodic state. The results indicate that controlling chaotic dual-ring erbium-doped fiber laser can be realized via the chaos-control method.
Analysis of Primary Short Circuited Melted Mark Evidence Identification in Electrical Fire Case
Authors: Li En Xia , Xu Na , Li Nan , Ma Hong , Shi Jun Bo , Zhao Mei
Published: February 2018

Regardless of fire heat or short circuit high temperature melting, the residual traces which represent the environmental characteristics can be found in copper and aluminum wires. The primary short circuited melted mark identification must be scientific and objective for physical evidence of the electricity fire during detecting, and the conclusions are related to the fire survey process. Currently, identification method of electricity fire, including macroscopic method and metallographic method, is very general and lacking of standard reference map and detailed description. According to the macro and micro characteristics and formation mechanism of various fire wire melted marks and the characteristics of metallographic organization of primary short circuited melted mark, two actual cases were analyzed in detail so as to distinguish the relationship between the melting reason and fire cause and to confirm that these two fires are caused by primary short circuit.
Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Sub-Microcrystalline Carbon Steel Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Kato Hirotaka , Yamashita Kouhei , Sentoku Eisuke , Todaka Yoshikazu
Published: February 2018

The microstructure, hardness, and sliding wear properties of high-pressure torsion (HPT)-processed pure Fe and S45C carbon steel were comprehensively investigated. The grains of Fe and S45C were significantly refined to the submicron size range using the HPT process, and the grain sizes were found to decrease with an increased number of turns (N). The Vickers hardness of HPT-processed specimens increased with increasing N or with distance from the center (i.e., with an increase in the strain), which is attributed to grain refinement. In addition, the hardness of HPT-processed Fe was saturated with a further increase in the number of turns owing to the saturation of grain refinement. However, saturation with hardening was not observed in the case of S45C and the hardness values of S45C were much higher than those of Fe. The wear amount was considerably reduced by HPT processing for both Fe and S45C. A linear correlation was determined between the specific wear rate and the inverse of hardness, which agrees with the Archard wear equation. The experimental results show that the reduction in the wear of Fe and S45C is considered to be due to hardening by the HPT process.
Heat Treatment, Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of T-Joint Steel Arc Welded
Authors: Purwaningrum Yustiasih , Darmawan Dwi , Kusuma Panji Lukman Tirta
Published: February 2018

Heat treatment of T-Joint’s steel arc welded are performed are investigated in this research. The heat treatment process that used were annealing and quenching. The microstructure was investigated by optical microscope. The mechanical behavior of the samples was investigated using universal tensile testing machine for tensile test and Microvickers hardness method for hardness testing. The microstructure of welding zone of welding metals with various heat treatments is grain boundary ferrite, Widmanstatten ferrite and acicular ferrite. The weld metal with quenching treatment has a highest tensile strength with tensile strength 197.97 Mpa. The quenching process increases the tensile strength by 49.58 %. The distortion value in weld metal without heat treatment, quenching and annealing is 0.11mm; 0.04 mm and 0.08 mm respectively. The hardness number of weld metals with quenching process have a highest number base metal, HAZ and weld metals. Results showed that the mechanical properties of T-joints steel arc welded can be improved by various heat treatments.
Analysis of the Structures and Thermal Properties of Hexanediamine Adipate and Pentanediamine Adipate
Authors: Yang Xiao Wan , Hao Xin Min , Wang Jian Ming , Liu Yan Bin , Kang Hong Liang
Published: February 2018

Hexanediamine adipate, pentanediamine adipate and bio-based pentanediamine adipate were prepared by adipic acid reaction with 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine and bio-based 1,5-pentanediamine, respectively. Their structures and thermal properties have been analyzed by infrared spectra, SEM, DSC and TGA. Infrared spectra showed the main differences between 1,6-hexanediamine and 1,5-pentanediamine for the deformation vibration and out of plane bending vibration of N−H. Hexanediamine adipate and pentanediamine adipate had the difference at the asymmetric stretching vibration of −COO-−. The crystal morphologies of hexanediamine adipate and pentanediamine adipate showed dendritic and acicular, respectively. The melting point of pentanediamine adipate, pentanediamine adipate and bio-based pentanediamine adipate were 208.0 °C, 182.3 °C and 182.9 °C, respectively. The polymerization of hexanediamine adipate, pentanediamine adipate and bio-based pentanediamine adipate happened at 201.0, 190.2 and 194.9 °C, respectively. And the decomposition temperature of PA66, PA56 and bio-based PA56 were 401.8, 403.5 and 405.2 °C, respectively.
Antibacterial Properties, Shore Hardness and Chemical Resistance of Epoxy Coatings Containing Finely Ground Secondary Raw Materials for Hygienic Plants
Authors: Hodul Jakub , Hodná Jana , Drochytka Rostislav
Published: February 2018

Currently fillers for antibacterial layers in hygienic operations are mainly primary raw materials, whose properties are verified and well-known due to their long-term use. However, the use of proper secondary raw materials appears to be a good option from an environmental and economic point of view. This work assesses the possible adverse effects of specially treated secondary raw materials in relation to antibacterial properties, chemical resistance and Shore hardness of the antibacterial coating on an epoxy base (AC-E) providing no physiological damage. This coating reliably eliminates the widest possible range of bacteria and yeasts, has sustained effectiveness, consistent functionality over time, provides permanent protection and is suitable for use in healthcare facilities and food processing plants. Two kinds of transparent waste glass (NaSX, VLG) and two types of waste foundry sand (FSC, FSB) were tested, and all fillers were treated so that particle size was below 0.063 mm, including the reference filler (Dorsilit sand). On the basis of antibacterial resistance tests, Shore hardness and chemical resistance, it was assessed that the tested fillers may be effectively used for antibacterial coatings while maintaining the properties of the reference coating. Within the rapid testing of chemical resistance, the surface microstructure of the antibacterial coating was also examined after long-term exposure to aggressive organic and inorganic liquid media. When adding 30% and 35% of the selected waste fillers, the hardness and chemical resistance of the cured coating did not change. The treated waste fillers tested had no negative impact on the antibacterial properties of the coating and were judged to be appropriate fillers in place of Dorsilit silica sand or glass flakes.
Instituting dispute resolution procedures in the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe church
Authors: Chivasa Norman
Published: February 2018

The need to institute dispute resolution procedures in the Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM) in Zimbabwe church informs this study. Remarkably, one of the most critical problems facing the AFM in Zimbabwe church is intrachurch disputes, which manifest in diverse forms such as pastors’ transfers disputes, election disputes and pastors’ performance disputes. Such disputes have produced undesirable consequences not only for pastors but also for the wellbeing of the church in general. Intrachurch disputes require internal mechanisms to manage them so that constructive rather than destructive results are achieved. To do this, internal dispute resolution procedures become critical as they provide a framework for the constructive resolution of disputes. The lived experience of disputes in the AFM in Zimbabwe church confirms the appropriateness of systems theory, which states that social institutions are vulnerable to disharmony owing to differing interacting elements. To mitigate the negative impact associated with disputes, this study proposes the need to institute dispute resolution procedures in the AFM in Zimbabwe, because the church currently relies only on disciplinary procedures to address disputes. The study further emphasises that instituting dispute resolution procedures will help the church handle disputes from within its ranks without necessarily involving local courts, which may have negative financial and relationship implications. Finally, the study develops a model for dispute resolution procedures as an instrument that can assist local churches in AFM in Zimbabwe church to handle disputes as and when they arise.
Prayer, the encounter and participation, the experience: A Pauline exhortation towards a spirituality of prayer
Authors: Van der Merwe Dirk G.
Published: February 2018

Numerous references to prayer occur throughout the Old Testament and New Testament. These prayers relate closely to particular circumstances and needs where the petitioner appeals to God, illustrating the importance of prayer as part of the dialogue and communication between God (in the image of a Father) and Israel and the Church (in the image of his children). This article investigates Paul’s contribution to this dialogue. In 1 Thessalonians 5:17, Paul exhorts (using the imperative) the Thessalonians to pray ‘constantly’ (ἀδιαλείπτως), an exhortation located in the last pericope of the epistle, between two other exhortations (imperatives) indicating time (‘always’) and space (‘all circumstances’). Paul thus uses two more exhortations (surrounding the exhortation, ‘pray constantly’) to define what he means by ‘constant’ (without ceasing) prayer. His conviction of this necessity leads him to offer himself as an example of ‘praying constantly’ when he writes to the community in Thessalonica. Prayers in Paul’s epistles focus on the existential needs of daily living, to stand firm against evil and the spiritual need to live pure and blameless lives (complete sanctification) until the parousia. Conclusions arising from Pauline textual references on prayer include: the experience of God is not limited to extraordinary events, but subsists essentially in ordinary daily events; the understanding of God’s participation in the lives of believers is not always obvious and comprehensible; the Holy Spirit enables believers spiritually to see, hear and understand God’s daily involvement in their lives; and, prayer for the believer facilitates spiritual experiences which provide continuous transformation for the one who ‘prays without ceasing’. The result, for Paul, of this form of dialogue and communication between God and his Church, is that regular prayer constitutes joy and thankfulness.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This research relates to the disciplines of New Testament and Christian Spirituality. The focus is how to experiencing dialogue with the divine regularly every day. A specific mindset is needed to accomplish this; a mindset to see, hear and experience the divine in everyday life in the ordinary events in life.
A multidimensional Borg–Levinson theorem for magnetic Schrödinger operators with partial spectral data
Authors: Kian Yavar
Published: February 2018

We consider the multidimensional Borg–Levinson theorem of determining both the magnetic field

dA

and the electric potential

V

, appearing in the Dirichlet realization of the magnetic Schrödinger operator

H=(-\rm i\nabla+A)^2+V

on a bounded domain

\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n

,

n\geq2

, from partial knowledge of the boundary spectral data of

H

. The full boundary spectral data are given by the set

\{(\lambda_{k},{\partial_\nu \phi_{k}}_{|\partial\Omega})\colon k\geq1\}

, where

\{ \lambda_k\colon k \geq1 \}

is the non-decreasing sequence of eigenvalues of

H

,

\{ \phi_k\colon k\geq1 \}

an associated Hilbertian basis of eigenfunctions and

\nu

is the unit outward normal vector to

\partial\Omega

. We prove that some asymptotic knowledge of

(\lambda_{k},{\partial_\nu \phi_{k}}_{|\partial\Omega})

with respect to

k\geq1

determines uniquely the magnetic field

dA

and the electric potential

V

.
Le contrôle par test immunoenzymatique de l'effet d’un vaccin antichlamydien chez les ovins
Authors: Vittoz J. , Edlinger E. , Cosson  , Massis
Published: February 2018

Activity of antichlamydia vaccine in sheep controlled by immuno-enzymatic test.

Using an immuno-enzymatic test, the authors showed the rise and the persistance of chlamydia antibodies in ewes vaccinated twice with the vaccin Rickovis.