bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anniversary Meeting
Authors: - -
Published: March 2022

Lord Neaves, the Chair of this Anniversary meeting, addressed the members of the Society and emphasised the importance of the study of antiquarians to both historic and prehistoric research. He also stresses that subjects such as comparative philology and legal history can provide key insights for the study of the past. The Secretary then reported on the state of the Society's collections and noted that they could soon be moved into a larger premises, which would allow the Society to expand the national collection. 

 

Meeting notes for 13 December, 1858 are appended.
Notice of Armorial Bearings and Inscriptions in the Church of Mid-Calder
Authors: Stuart John
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses the artwork belonging to Sir James Sandiland, Lord Torphichen, that is found in Mid Calder church. The author begins by providing a history of the Sandiland family, as well as a short biography of Sir James himself, who was a notable figure in the Reformation. The article then proceeds to describe the location and appearance of various carved decorations within Mid Calder church.
Proposals for Cleaning and Lighting the City of Edinburgh (with original signatures of a number of the principal inhabitants), in the year 1735, With Explanatory Remarks
Authors: Laing David
Published: March 2022

The author regretfully acknowledges the sanitary issues present in Edinburgh from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, as well as the various methods the city council attempted to solve these problems. The document referenced in the title was one of these methods, intended to stop residents of Edinburgh throwing their waste out the window by offering them the opportunity to pay someone to carry it down the stairs for them. The proposal also mentions the names and residences of the people who agreed to the scheme. The author concludes with a short summary of the public works proposed by the man he argues is the author of this document – Robert Mein.
Description of a Cairn in the Isle of Bute
Authors: Mackinlay John
Published: March 2022

A report on the excavation of Cairnbaan in Bute, including its dimensions and the author's suggestions of what it may have been used for. He also quotes another antiquarian's investigation into the cairns at Kilfinan in Argyll.

 

Meeting notes for 10 January, 1859 are appended.
Remarks on the Ancient Structures called Picts' Houses and Burghs, with especial reference to the Burgh of Mousa in Shetland
Authors: Stuart John
Published: March 2022

This article gives an overview of the evidence for the types of dwellings used throughout Scotland. The author does acknowledge that there is debate around whether people lived in some of the structures described. He pays particularly close attention to 'burgs' (brochs), arguing that these structures were used as temporary fortifications in the early medieval period. The article concludes with an update on the proposed restoration of the Mousa Broch (see Dryden, pp.123-124) and a suggestion that the Society should appeal to the public for the funds to conserve the structure.
Contract between the City of Edinburgh and John Meikle, for a Chime of Musical Bells, 1698
Authors: Laing David
Published: March 2022

The author discusses the history of the bells that were housed in St Giles cathedral in Edinburgh in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In particular, the article includes transcriptions of contracts between the church and John Meikle for musical bells.

 

Meeting notes for 16 February, 1859 are appended.
Report respecting the Applications to the Treasury on the subject of Treasure-Trove
Authors: Stuart John
Published: March 2022

The Secretary provided an update and some of the correspondence with regards to the Society's petition to alter the Treasure Trove laws (see Rhind, p.76).
Ben Jonson in Edinburgh in the year 1618
Authors: Laing David
Published: March 2022

The author discusses some of the playwright Ben Jonson's activities from his visit to Edinburgh in 1618, as Jonson's own account of the trip was lost in a fire during his lifetime.
Notice of a Bond by the Earl of Irvine and other Officers of the Scots Guard of the French King (Louis XIV.), for Expenses of the Corps, &c
Authors: Law James
Published: March 2022

A record of two original seventeenth century documents relating to the Scottish Guards of the French King, Louis XIV, one written in French and one in Scots.
Notice of a Beehive House in the Island of St Kilda. (with Additional Notes by Thomas, F W L)
Authors: Muir Thomas , Thomas F W L
Published: March 2022

The author describes the 'Heroine's House' on St Kilda including its dimensions and construction. He notes its similarities to other 'beehive houses' found in the Outer Hebrides. Also included in this article is a letter sent to the author from Captain F W L Thomas about a legend associated with this part of St Kilda.
Paper on the subject of Burns's Pistols
Authors: Gillis Bishop
Published: March 2022

Bishop Gillis refutes the argument made by an anonymous author in the Illustrated London News who claimed that the two pistols he presented to the Society did not belong to Robert Burns. He first acknowledges that the pistols he had previously brought to the Society were a different set of pistols, that he had mistaken for Burns' pistols, as they were owned by the same person. He recounts the provenance of the correct pistols and disputes the anonymous author's claim that another set of pistols were the ones once owned by Burns.
Notice of an Anglo-Saxon Styca of Osbercht, King of Northumbria
Authors: Smith John Alexander
Published: March 2022

The author suggests that a brass coin found in the River Jed belongs to the reign of the Northumbrian King Osbrecht. However, he does acknowledge that coins relating to this king are rare and notes some stylistic differences between this coin and other examples from the period. The article concludes with a brief explanation of the importance of this type of coin to Anglo-Saxon numismatics.
The Round Tower of Abernethy
Authors: Brash Richard Rolt
Published: March 2022

The article presents the history of Abernethy as a royal and religious site before moving on to the writings of some antiquarians who previously studied the tower referenced in the title. The author discusses his own observations and measurements of the tower and compares this round tower to other Scottish and Irish examples. He argues that this tower was partially rebuilt in the 11th or 12th century. The article concludes with information on other partially rebuilt towers and some of the legends surrounding this kind of structure.
Statement Relative to the Removal of St Margaret's Well
Authors: Laing David
Published: March 2022

A notice from Vice-President David Laing about the Society's campaign to move St Margaret's Well to a more secure location.
Notice of an Old Gaelic Poem found among the Papers of the Family of Fassiefern
Authors: MacLauchlan Thomas
Published: March 2022

The author transcribes a Gaelic poem "Song by a Priest to a Lady after her death", using both the orignal text and the modern form of Gaelic. He uses this example as a vehicle to discuss the orthographic issues faced by Gaelic writers who use the Roman alphabet. He also briefly expands this argument to other Celtic languages, particularly Irish Gaelic.
Notice of the Roman Altars, &c., presented by the Right Hon Sir George Clerk of Penicuik, Bart
Authors: Clerk George
Published: March 2022

Sixteen Roman artefacts were presented to the Society by George Clark in December 1857 along with a list of where they were found. The article contains this list, a page with illustrations of some of the artefacts, and a short biography of the Sir John Clerk, the eighteenth-century antiquarian who collected the objects.
Notice of the Excavation of a Cairn at Roseisle; in a letter from Lady Dunbar to Cosmo Innes
Authors: - - , Innes Cosmo , Dunbar Lady , Stuart John
Published: March 2022

A letter from Lady Dunbar of Duffus, detailing the excavation of two graves in Roseisle. Mr John Stuart then comments on the usefulness of excavation reports and photographs to the Society.
Notes on the Antiquities of Kinross-shire
Authors: Annan Robert
Published: March 2022

This article examines some of the local history and artefacts found in Kinross. In the first section, the author attempts to trace the history of a set of keys that were believed to have been thrown into Loch Leven when Mary Queen of Scots was imprisoned in the castle there. He then moves on to the history of the culdee hermitage on St Serf's Inch, its origins, some of the finds that were unearthed there, and the ruins that could be observed on the island in the nineteenth century. The author also discusses the manufacture of vellum and parchment in the village of Kinnesswood near Loch Leven and includes quotes from letters he received from the children of John Birrell, one such manufacturer.

 

Meeting notes for 12 March, 1860 are appended.
Notice of a Medallion of Paul Jones, given by himself to Mrs Belshes of Edinburgh, and now presented to the Society, together with the Privateer's Autograph-Letter
Authors: Swinton A Campbell , Innes Cosmo
Published: March 2022

A medallion and a letter sent to Scotland by Captain Paul Jones, who fought in the American Revolutionary War against the British, was donated to the Society. A short biography of Jones' life is provided as context.
Notice of a Rare Medal of Provost Drummond of Edinburgh
Authors: Sim George
Published: March 2022

George Sim donated the medal referenced in the title to the Society. He describes the medal's decoration in detail and argues that this may be a one-of-a-kind piece. He also provides some biographical details about Provost George Drummond to contextualise his donation.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: March 2022

An account of the donations presented on the day. Including a donation from Lady Murray in memory of her late husband Lord Murray, who was the Vice-President of the Society.
Notes on the Use of Wine, from the Accounts of the Burgh of Aberdeen
Authors: Stuart John
Published: March 2022

This article reviews the Burgh Council of Aberdeen's accounts to examine the cost of wine offered to visitors, churchmen and nobles in the city.
On the Thule of the Ancients
Authors: Fotheringhame W H
Published: March 2022

The author investigates the suggestion that an account by the Greek astronomer, mathematician and navigator Pytheas of Marseilles may have referred to the Orkney Islands. He compares the surviving descriptions of Pytheas’ island to his own observations of Orkney, focusing on the climate, distance and hours of daylight reported, as well as the kind of food eaten on Thule. He argues against this island referring to either Norway, Denmark or Iceland, and concludes that Pytheas’ island of Thule must refer to the Shetland islands, possibly Foula.
Account of a recent discovery of Stone Cists, containing Urns and human bones, in the farm of Windymains, Humbie, Haddingtonshire
Authors: Forman Robert , Dodds James
Published: March 2022

A local tenant of Windymains in East Lothian, Robert Forman, describes two tombs uncovered during ploughing in the area. He also notes that there have been many other grave sites found locally and that there was once a fortification of some kind nearby.
Notice of Coffins (formed of Stone Slabs) found on the Farm of Milton, Haddingtonshire
Authors: McCulloch W T
Published: March 2022

Having excavated a coffin found at the Burial Knowe on Milton farm by builders, the author and two other members of the Society then excavated two similar cists nearby although only two of the three contained human remains. No other grave goods were found at these sites, leaving the author to speculate on their age by comparing them to similar burial sites in both Scotland and England.
Notice of the Kers of Samuelston
Authors: Thomson Thomas
Published: March 2022

This article presents some information about the Ker family of Samuelston, particularly about how James Ker came to inherit Samuelston. The author speculates that there may have been a familial connection between James Ker and John Knox, but acknowledges that this would require further study to prove.

 

Meeting notes for 15 February, 1858 are appended.
The Law of Treasure-Trove: How it can be best adapted to accomplish useful results
Authors: Rhind Alexander Henry
Published: March 2022

This article covers the arguments and conclusions of Alexander Henry Rhind's paper on the difficulties caused by contemporary treasure trove laws. He ends the paper by recommending that Scotland adopt a system closer to that of Denmark. The Society established a committee to present these suggestions to the relevant authorities.
Historical Description of the Altar-Piece painted in the reign of King James the Third of Scotland, in the Palace of Holyrood
Authors: Laing David
Published: March 2022

The author discusses an altarpiece that had been recently returned to Holyrood palace from London. He puts forward his argument for who each of the figures in the piece represents and then goes on to argue that the artist may have been Flemish.

 

Meeting notes for 14 December, 1857 are appended.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: March 2022

Contents for full volume

Table of contents for:               Part I (1857-8)

              Part II (1858-9)

              Part III (1859-60)

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1859-60

List of the Fellows (June 1860)

List of Honorary members (November 1860)
Prospecção Tecnológica e Patentes de Leveduras Nutricionais
Authors: Evangelista Natasha Cecchi , Ghesti Grace Ferreira , Parachin Nádia Skorupa
Published: March 2022

As leveduras nutricionais vêm despontando como alternativa aos suplementos alimentares tradicionais, pois possuem alta concentração de proteínas, aminoácidos, vitaminas do complexo B e podem ser consumidas por indivíduos com dietas restritivas, como vegetarianos e intolerantes a lactose. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a prospecção tecnológica, análise e compreensão do escopo e das características das patentes relacionadas à levedura nutricional, por meio dos bancos de dados do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI), European Patents Office (Espacenet) eUnited States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), do emprego do software Microsoft Excel, e utilizando a metodologia proposta por Bahruth et al., que divide a prospecção em quatro fases distintas – preparatória; pré-prospectiva; prospectiva e pós-prospectiva. O processo de busca envolveu uma etapa de refinamento manual das 227 patentes encontradas, para que aquelas sem enquadramento como leveduras nutricionais fossem excluídas. Os resultados refinados finais obtidos de apenas 64 depósitos e 2 concessões de patentes relacionados com leveduras nutricionais – pesquisados nos bancos de dados no período de 1925 a junho de 2018 – evidenciam que o mercado mundial ainda investe pouco nesse tipo de produto. Portanto, essa área ainda não se encontra saturada, com possibilidade de ser mais explorada e receber investimentos.
Prospecção Tecnológica sobre a Utilização do Stryphnodendron Adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Barbatimão)
Authors: Nascimento Cristiane Araujo , Balliano Tatiane Luciano , Silva Denise Macêdo , Silva Renan Macêdo , Farias Karol Fireman , Pitta Guilherme Benjamin Brandão
Published: March 2022

O Stryphnodendron adstringens (MART.) Coville é uma planta medicinal, popularmente conhecida como barbatimão e amplamente valorizada por suas propriedades medicinais devido à alta quantidade de taninos, assim como, de outros constituintes químicos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar uma prospecção tecnológica sobre a utilização do Stryphnodendron adstringens(MART.)Coville (barbatimão). As buscas de patentes foram realizadas nos bancos de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), European Patent Office (EPO), United States Patent and Tradmark Office (USPTO) e World Intelectual Property Organization (WIPO). Foram analisadas 18 patentes, das quais 88,8% eram pertencentes à seção A Classificação Internacional de Patentes (IPC), referente às necessidades humanas. Os anos de 2003, 2006 e 2010 apresentaram o maior número de registros. O Brasil revelou-se como o maior detentor de depósitos de patentes com 94,45% dos documentos. A partir do mapeamento tecnológico realizado neste estudo, foi possível observar que a presente espécie se apresenta como um favorável seguimento de mercado, principalmente, do ponto de vista farmacológico.
Nanotecnologia: uma prospecção tecnológica no âmbito nacional e internacional
Authors: Fialkoski Diego , Malfatti Carlos Ricardo Maneck
Published: March 2022

A Nanotecnologia é a tecnologia que estuda a matéria em nanoescala, em escala atômica e molecular. Essa tecnologia é empregada na modernização de setores industriais e tecnológicos como a tecnologia da informação, energia, meio ambiente, segurança, tecnologia de alimentos, transporte e até na medicina. O estudo prospectivo analisou o avanço das pesquisas em nanotecnologia, precisamente nas publicações de artigos e nos depósitos de patentes, no período de 1997 até 2017. As bases de dados pesquisadas foram o Periódico CAPES para artigos e o INPI e USPTO para depósito de patentes. Constatou-se uma grande quantidade de artigos e apenas 7 patentes no Brasil, enquanto que na base de patentes americanas encontraram-se 79 patentes nos últimos 20 anos. O estudo prospectivo demonstra que nos Estados Unidos o número dos indicadores de pesquisa e desenvolvimento da tecnologia, bem como a sua transformação em produto, é maior.
Prospecção Tecnológica sobre Amendoim Germinado Aplicado à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Authors: Silva Eugenia Telis de Vilela , Moura Henrique Valentim , Dos Santos Francislaine Suelia , Minor Tomiyoshi Carlos
Published: March 2022

O amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) apresenta amplo consumo a nível mundial, devido às suas propriedades nutricionais e seu sabor agradável, além de poder ser consumido in natura ou em produtos derivados dele. Quando germinado, o amendoim apresenta uma melhora em sua composição química, que resulta em melhores benefícios à saúde humana. Desaa forma, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar os resultados de pesquisa relativos às aplicações do amendoim e do amendoim germinado na tecnologia de alimentos por meio de pedidos de patentes. Utilizou-se a base World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), usando o banco de dados PATENTSCOPE que fornece acesso aos pedidos do Tratado de Cooperação Internacional de Patentes (PCT). Observou-se que o amendoim e seu potencial são amplamente explorados em todo mundo, em contrapartida sua germinação não tem sido explorada na área alimentícia. A China como potência mundial em ascensão lidera os depósitos de patente a respeito do amendoim.
Estudo Prospectivo sobre Processos de Refino de Óleos Comestíveis que Geram Soap Stock como Subproduto
Authors: Sousa Yara Simone Chaves , Rodrigues Pamela Dias , Quintella Cristina M.
Published: March 2022

Este estudo prospectivo direcionou-se ao mapeamento de tecnologias de refino alcalino de óleos ou de gorduras comestíveis, identificando a evolução anual, a distribuição por países e setores de origem das tecnologias, os principais titulares e inventores e os métodos mais frequentes. Utilizou-se a base de dados do Espacenet combinando inicialmente palavras-chave para encontrar o maior número possível de códigos da Classificação Internacional de Patentes (CIP), dos quais se empregaram A23D e C11B3/06 para compor a estratégia final, sendo analisadas 233 patentes. Aproximadamente, 81,12% das patentes foram depositadas nos últimos dez anos, 63% delas só na China. Empresas alimentícias são os titulares mais frequentes em patentes dessa área (79%), sendo 59% de indústrias chinesas. Identificou-se que esta é uma tecnologia emergente com vários gargalos ainda pouco explorados.
Biodiversidade Botânica para Formulações de Xampus Naturais ou Orgânicos: um levantamento etnobotânico a partir de patentes
Authors: Cruz Lucas dos Santos , Santos Vivianni Marques Leite dos
Published: March 2022

O setor de cosméticos sustentáveis possui diversas fórmulas com declaração de atenderem ao conceito natural ou orgânico. Diante da grande biodiversidade brasileira, este artigo contém resultados acerca do mapeamento, em nível mundial, de patentes para formulações naturais ou orgânicas de xampus, com vistas a novos desenvolvimentos, tipicamente brasileiros. Para isso, foi realizada busca de anterioridade usando a plataforma Orbit. Destaca-se que a grande maioria (85%) das 350 famílias de patentes, associadas às formulações de xampus naturais ou orgânicos depositadas de 2000 a 2020, não inclui o nome científico da planta utilizada, impedindo completa identificação, o que pode estar associado a uma decisão do titular para dificultar o uso indevido da invenção. Ademais, as espécies Zingiber spp. e Polygonaceae são as mais utilizadas e, com base no crescente número de patentes, conclui-se pelo alto potencial de uso etnobotânico para novas formulações de xampus.
Prospecção Tecnológica sobre Sistemas de Valoração de Tecnologias Protegidas por Patentes e/ou Registros de Programa de Computador
Authors: Novaes Antonio Fredson de Sá , Da Silva Gilton José Ferreira , Santos Vivianni Marques Leite dos
Published: March 2022

A partir das dificuldades identificadas nos processos de valoração de tecnologias, incluindo demanda interna do NIT/Univasf, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo prospectar sistemas de valoração de tecnologias de forma a atender a essa necessidade. Para tanto, foram realizadas revisão de literatura científica sobre o tema, busca de patentes nacionais e internacionais, além da procura de softwares registrados no Brasil e em bases públicas. Não foram identificadas patentes e nem Registros de Programa de Computador (RPC) que permitam a valoração de novas tecnologias, cujo processo inclua etapas de apoio aos usuários e permita interação do gestor de inovação com os inventores. A partir da matriz SWOT e de Roadmap tecnológico, verificou-se ambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento e oportunidade de mercado para um sistema que implemente um processo de valoração amigável para usuários de várias áreas de formação.
Lysosomes: multifunctional compartments ruled by a complex regulatory network
Authors: Martinez‐Fabregas Jonathan , Tamargo‐Azpilicueta Joaquin , Diaz‐Moreno Irene
Published: February 2022

More than 50 years have passed since Nobel laureate Cristian de Duve described for the first time the presence of tiny subcellular compartments filled with hydrolytic enzymes: the lysosome. For a long time, lysosomes were deemed simple waste bags exerting a plethora of hydrolytic activities involved in the recycling of biopolymers, and lysosomal genes were considered to just be simple housekeeping genes, transcribed in a constitutive fashion. However, lysosomes are emerging as multifunctional signalling hubs involved in multiple aspects of cell biology, both under homeostatic and pathological conditions. Lysosomes are involved in the regulation of cell metabolism through the mTOR/TFEB axis. They are also key players in the regulation and onset of the immune response. Furthermore, it is becoming clear that lysosomal hydrolases can regulate several biological processes outside of the lysosome. They are also implicated in a complex communication network among subcellular compartments that involves intimate organelle‐to‐organelle contacts. Furthermore, lysosomal dysfunction is nowadays accepted as the causative event behind several human pathologies: low frequency inherited diseases, cancer, or neurodegenerative, metabolic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Recent advances in our knowledge of the complex biology of lysosomes have established them as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of different pathologies. Although recent discoveries have started to highlight that lysosomes are controlled by a complex web of regulatory networks, which in some cases seem to be cell‐ and stimuli‐dependent, to harness the full potential of lysosomes as therapeutic targets, we need a deeper understanding of the little‐known signalling pathways regulating this subcellular compartment and its functions.
Treatment Responses in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis Axial Disease According to Human Leukocyte Antigen‐B27 Status: An Analysis From the CorEvitas Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Chakravarty Soumya D. , McLean Robert R. , Blachley Taylor , Kawashima Toana , Lin Iris , Kavanaugh Arthur , Ogdie Alexis
Published: February 2022

Objective

Axial disease is common and burdensome in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Human leukocyte antigen‐B27 (HLA‐B27) is a risk factor for axial PsA; treatment response by HLA‐B27 status is inadequately characterized. This study evaluated responses to biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) or targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) overall and by HLA‐B27 status in patients with PsA axial disease.

Methods

This observational study included participants in the CorEvitas (formerly Corrona) PsA/Spondyloarthritis Registry who initiated bDMARD or tsDMARD treatment at baseline, had a 6‐month follow‐up visit, fulfilled Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis, had a baseline Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score of ≥4, and had known HLA‐B27 status. Disease characteristics at baseline and 6 months were evaluated overall and by HLA‐B27 status. Association between HLA‐B27 status and treatment response was evaluated using an analysis of covariance model.

Results

The analysis included 173 bDMARD or tsDMARD treatment initiations (54 [31.2%] among patients with HLA‐B27+ status and 119 [68.8%] among patients with HLA‐B27− status). BASDAI total and component scores decreased by ≤0.84 across groups after 6 months of bDMARD or tsDMARD therapy; these changes are not considered clinically meaningful. HLA‐B27 status was not statistically significantly associated with changes in axial‐related outcomes.

Conclusion

In patients with PsA axial disease, 6 months of bDMARD or tsDMARD therapy provided only mild improvements in axial‐related outcomes, irrespective of HLA‐B27 status. This continued high disease activity reflects a critical unmet need for focus on the axial domain of PsA and for additional safe and effective therapies for psoriatic axial disease.
Adaptive output‐feedback control for a class of nonlinear systems based on optimized backstepping technique
Authors: Shen Fei , Wang Xinjun , Li Haotian , Yin Xinghui
Published: February 2022

In this article, an adaptive output‐feedback control for a class of strict‐feedback nonlinear systems is developed based on optimized backstepping technique. Neural networks are utilized to approximate unknown functions, while a state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable system state signals. Since the presented optimized control scheme requires training the adaptive parameters for reinforcement learning (RL), it will be more challenging for designing control algorithms and deriving the adaptive update rates. In general, optimization control is designed based on the solution of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, but solving the equation is very difficult due to the inherent nonlinearity and intractability. So, RL strategy of actor‐critic architecture is used. According to the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that all signals of the closed‐loop systems are semi‐global uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the results of the simulation cases are provided to show the effectiveness of the designed controller scheme.
Multiscale Textured Mesh Substrates that Glide Alcohol Droplets and Impede Ice Nucleation
Authors: Bajpayee Aayushi , Rivera-Gonzalez Natalia , Braham Erick J. , Alivio Theodore E. G. , Anita  , Alvi Scheherzad , Li Chenxuan , Cool Nicholas , Al-Hashimi Mohammed , Fang Lei , Banerjee Sarbajit
Published: February 2022

Textured surfaces are commonly designed to preclude wetting by water. The design of surfaces that are not wetted by alcohols represents a considerable challenge given the low surface tension, viscosity, and density of these liquids. Herein, a hierarchically textured plastronic architecture that can suspend alcohol droplets in a metastable Cassie–Baxter regime is presented. As a result of microtexturation of the underlying stainless steel mesh, multiscale texturation derived from ZnO tetrapods, and surface functionalization with perfluorinated‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, the surfaces glide aliphatic alcohols, water, andn‐hexadecane. The design of surfaces not wetted by alcohols is particularly relevant to “point‐of‐care” environments. Because of the minimized interfacial contact areas, the textured surfaces further greatly inhibit ice nucleation at solid/liquid interfaces. High‐speed video imaging of the freezing and droplet impact shows that the textured surfaces delay ice nucleation by inhibiting heterogeneous nucleation, more effectively channel kinetic energy upon droplet impact to break up impinging droplets, and greatly limit frost formation. Once ice forms, its adhesion is substantially diminished by about three orders of magnitude as compared with planar substrates. The results demonstrate a scalable spray deposition method to generate surfaces for enabling the deterministic flow of liquids as well as inhibit ice formation.
Tensile Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanism of the Extruded ZM61 Magnesium Alloy at High Strain Rates
Authors: Dai Qimin , Zhang Dingfei , Xu Junyao , Jiang Bin , Pan Fusheng
Published: February 2022

Herein, the ZM61 alloys extruded at the extrusion ratios of 39 and 84 are named as ZM61‐39 alloy and ZM61‐84 alloy, respectively. The tensile mechanical properties and microstructure of both ZM61‐39 and ZM61‐84 alloys deformed at room temperature and different high strain rates (100, 500, and 1000 s−1) along extrusion direction (ED) are investigated. The results show that, with the increase of strain rate, the strength of ZM61‐39 alloy changes a little, while the strength of ZM61‐84 alloy gradually increases. The fracture strain of both ZM61‐39 and ZM61‐84 alloys decreases as strain rate increases. The strength of ZM61‐39 and ZM61‐84 alloys shows different trends with increasing strain rates, which is mainly attributed to their different deformation mechanisms. The tension twinning‐basal slip dominates the deformation of ZM61‐39 alloy at high strain rates. And the nonbasal slip is the main deformation mechanism of ZM61‐84 alloy at high strain rates. In addition, ZM61‐39 alloy exhibits lower strength and better ductility than ZM61‐84 alloy at same high strain rates, which is strongly affected by the grain size.
An Electrically Conductive Oleogel Paste for Edible Electronics
Authors: Cataldi Pietro , Lamanna Leonardo , Bertei Claudia , Arena Federica , Rossi Pietro , Liu Mufeng , Di Fonzo Fabio , Papageorgiou Dimitrios G. , Luzio Alessandro , Caironi Mario
Published: February 2022

Edible electronics will facilitate point‐of‐care testing through safe devices digested/degraded in the body/environment after performing a specific function. This technology, to thrive, requires a library of materials that are the basic building blocks for eatable platforms. Edible electrical conductors fabricated with green methods and at a large scale and composed of food derivatives, ingestible in large amounts without risk for human health are needed. Here, conductive pastes made with materials with a high tolerable upper intake limit (≥mg kg−1 body weight per day) are proposed. Conductive oleogel composites, made with biodegradable and food‐grade materials like natural waxes, oils, and activated carbon conductive fillers, are presented. The proposed pastes are compatible with manufacturing processes such as direct ink writing and thus are suitable for an industrial scale‐up. These conductors are built without using solvents and with tunable electromechanical features and adhesion depending on the composition. They have antibacterial and hydrophobic properties so that they can be used in contact with food preventing contamination and preserving its organoleptic properties. As a proof‐of‐principle application, the edible conductive pastes are demonstrated to be effective edible contacts for food impedance analysis, to be integrated, for example, in smart fruit labels for ripening monitoring.
Lithium‐Diffusion Induced Capacity Losses in Lithium‐Based Batteries
Authors: Rehnlund David , Wang Zhaohui , Nyholm Leif
Published: February 2022

Rechargeable lithium‐based batteries generally exhibit gradual capacity losses resulting in decreasing energy and power densities. For negative electrode materials, the capacity losses are largely attributed to the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer and volume expansion effects. For positive electrode materials, the capacity losses are, instead, mainly ascribed to structural changes and metal ion dissolution. This review focuses on another, so far largely unrecognized, type of capacity loss stemming from diffusion of lithium atoms or ions as a result of concentration gradients present in the electrode. An incomplete delithiation step is then seen for a negative electrode material while an incomplete lithiation step is obtained for a positive electrode material. Evidence for diffusion‐controlled capacity losses is presented based on published experimental data and results obtained in recent studies focusing on this trapping effect. The implications of the diffusion‐controlled Li‐trapping induced capacity losses, which are discussed using a straightforward diffusion‐based model, are compared with those of other phenomena expected to give capacity losses. Approaches that can be used to identify and circumvent the diffusion‐controlled Li‐trapping problem (e.g., regeneration of cycled batteries) are discussed, in addition to remaining challenges and proposed future research directions within this important research area.
Twin‐Structured Graphene Metamaterials with Anomalous Mechanical Properties
Authors: Lin Zaishan , Dong Jiaqi , Wang Xin , Huang Qitao , Shen Xi , Yang Minglong , Sun Xianxian , Yuan Ye , Wang Shasha , Ning Yuanhao , Yang Shuang , Yin Weilong , Li Menglin , Sun Yiwei , Zhang Qiangqiang , Li Yibin
Published: February 2022

Typically, solid materials exhibit transverse contraction in response to stretching in the orthogonal direction and transverse expansion under compression conditions. However, when flexible graphene nanosheets are assembled into a 3D porous architecture, the orientation‐arrangement‐delivered directional deformation of micro–nanosheets may induce anomalous mechanical properties. In this study, a 3D hierarchical graphene metamaterial (GTM) with twin‐structured morphologies is assembled by manipulating the temperature gradient for ice growth during in situ freeze‐casting procedures. GTM demonstrates anomalous anisotropic compression performance with programable Poisson's ratios (PRs) and improved mechanical properties (e.g., elasticity, strength, modulus, and fatigue resistance) along different directions. Owing to the designed three‐phase deformation of 2D graphene sheets as basic microelements, the twin‐structure GTM delivers distinctive characteristics of compressive curves with an apparent stress plateau, and follows a strengthening tendency. This multiscale deformation behavior facilitates the enhancement of energy loss coefficient. In addition, a finite element theory based numerical model is established to optimize the structural design, and validate the multiscale tunable PR mechanism and oriented structural evolution. The mechanical and thermal applications of GTM indicate that the rational manipulation‐driven design of meta‐structures paves the way for exploring graphene‐based multifunctional materials with anomalous properties.
Anionic Lipid Nanoparticles Preferentially Deliver mRNA to the Hepatic Reticuloendothelial System
Authors: Pattipeiluhu Roy , Arias‐Alpizar Gabriela , Basha Genc , Chan Karen Y. T. , Bussmann Jeroen , Sharp Thomas H. , Moradi Mohammad‐Amin , Sommerdijk Nico , Harris Edward N. , Cullis Pieter R. , Kros Alexander , Witzigmann Dominik , Campbell Frederick
Published: February 2022

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the leading nonviral technologies for the delivery of exogenous RNA to target cells in vivo. As systemic delivery platforms, these technologies are exemplified by Onpattro, an approved LNP‐based RNA interference therapy, administered intravenously and targeted to parenchymal liver cells. The discovery of systemically administered LNP technologies capable of preferential RNA delivery beyond hepatocytes has, however, proven more challenging. Here, preceded by comprehensive mechanistic understanding of in vivo nanoparticle biodistribution and bodily clearance, an LNP‐based messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery platform is rationally designed to preferentially target the hepatic reticuloendothelial system (RES). Evaluated in embryonic zebrafish, validated in mice, and directly compared to LNP–mRNA systems based on the lipid composition of Onpattro, RES‐targeted LNPs significantly enhance mRNA expression both globally within the liver and specifically within hepatic RES cell types. Hepatic RES targeting requires just a single lipid change within the formulation of Onpattro to switch LNP surface charge from neutral to anionic. This technology not only provides new opportunities to treat liver‐specific and systemic diseases in which RES cell types play a key role but, more importantly, exemplifies that rational design of advanced RNA therapies must be preceded by a robust understanding of the dominant nano–biointeractions involved.
Controllable Synthesis of Atomically Thin 1T‐SnSe2 Flakes and Its Linear Second Harmonic Generation with Layer Thickness
Authors: Fu Jiatian , Zhao Liyun , Zhou Liang , Wu Kang , Du Jiaxing , Wang Xiangzhuo , Song Jiepeng , Zhu Lijie , Zhou Fan , Huan Yahuan , Bao Lihong , Wang Rongming , Zhang Qing , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: February 2022

As an important member of the IVA–VIA group compounds, 2D SnSe2 has emerged as a perfect platform for developing diverse applications, especially in high‐performance optoelectronic devices and data storage, etc. However, the bottom‐up synthesis of large‐area uniform, atomically thin SnSe2 crystals with controlled thicknesses has not yet been realized. Herein, we report the large‐area uniform growth of monolayer (1L), bilayer (2L), and few‐layer (FL) 1T‐SnSe2 single‐crystal flakes on mica substrates via a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) route. The feeding amount of Sn precursor and flow rate of hydrogen carrier are found to be the key parameters for the thickness‐controlled growth of uniform SnSe2 flakes. More intriguingly, obvious second harmonic generation (SHG) is revealed in the retained inversion symmetry structure of 1T‐SnSe2, with its intensity showing linear dependence with the thickness from monolayer to multilayers. The new findings reported herein should pave the ways for the thickness‐tunable growth of atomically thin SnSe2 crystals, and their unique optical property explorations and applications in nonlinear optics.
Influence of UV/Ozone Treatment on Threshold Voltage Modulation in Sol–Gel IGZO Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Kim Wonsik , Lee Won‐June , Kwak Taehyun , Baek Seokhyeon , Lee Seung‐Hoon , Park Sungjun
Published: February 2022

Sol–gel indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) semiconductors are developed as active components of thin‐film transistors (TFTs) because of their high electron mobility, cost‐effective large‐area fabrication, and applicability for flexible substrates. Controlling oxygen vacancies (Vo) in the IGZO semiconductor channel is always problematic for reliable and long‐term operation. Surplus interfacial charges inside the IGZO channel cause negative shifts in threshold voltages (Vth), resulting in depletion‐mode operation and involuntary high current output. The room temperature and rapid (<3 min) modulation of Vth using a novel ultraviolet ozone (UVO) treatment of IGZO layer (In:Ga:Zn = 7:1:2) are reported. Physicochemical and electrical analysis reveals that UVO treatment enables the reduction of Vo and increases MO bonding with invariant contact resistance, resulting in the normalization of Vth close to 0 V and high operational durability under long‐term bias stress. As a proof of concept, this study demonstrates the depletion‐load n‐type inverters comprising depletion and enhancement modes (without & with UVO) on the same substrate that allow high gain (≈10) with a moderate noise margin. This UVO treatment of the active layer is advantageous for the effective modulation of Vth with stable operation under long‐term bias stress and is superior to logic inverters based on single‐mode sol–gel oxide transistors.
Organic Photovoltaics’ New Renaissance: Advances Toward Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing of Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: NG Leonard W. T. , Lee Seok Woo , Chang Dong Wook , Hodgkiss Justin M. , Vak Doojin
Published: February 2022

Non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have recently breathed new life into organic photovoltaic (OPVs), achieving breakthrough photovoltaic conversion efficiencies. Unlike conventional fullerene acceptors, they offer strong levels of tunability and solution‐processibility that allow them to be easily exploited in the roll‐to‐roll (R2R) fabrication process. This has enabled a new renaissance for OPVs in the face of other photovoltaic material candidates for large‐scale, high‐throughput, cost‐effective manufacturing. In this review, the current progress of R2R manufacturing of NFA‐OPVs and the applications enabled by them are summarized. The perspectives on their research, technological, and future prospects for industry scale‐up are also presented.
Rotational Multiplexing Method Based on Cascaded Metasurface Holography
Authors: Wei Qunshuo , Huang Lingling , Zhao Ruizhe , Geng Guangzhou , Li Junjie , Li Xiaowei , Wang Yongtian
Published: February 2022

Since the emergence of optical metasurfaces, their outstanding wavefront modulation ability and numerous degrees of freedom (DOFs) have motivated many multiplexing methods, and many unprecedented functionalities and impressive advances have been achieved. However, the number of DOFs of single‐layer metasurfaces is intrinsically limited. To further explore the innovative multiplexing dimensions and application scenarios of metasurfaces, multilayer and cascaded metasurfaces are proposed. Inspired by the alignment sensitivity of cascaded metasurface holography, here the authors use the in‐plane rotation between two cascaded metasurfaces as an additional design DOF to introduce the concept of the rotational multiplexing method. An iterative gradient optimization scheme based on a machine learning method is developed to obtain the phase profiles. Dual working modes can be achieved, and both single‐layer and rotational cascaded holography can be reconstructed in the far‐field. Such versatile configurations may provide promising solutions for optical encryption, data storage, and dynamic display.
Metal‐Free TFA‐Promoted Regioselective (Hetero)Arylation: Synthesis of (Hetero)Aryl Substituted and Carbazole/Oxepine Fused N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Jatoth Ramanna , Naikawadi Praveen Kumar , Bhaskar Boyapally , Gugulothu Kishan , Edukondalu Peramalla , Kumar K. Shiva
Published: February 2022

Metal‐free TFA promoted arylation/heteroarylation was achieved under mild conditions via the reaction of chloro‐derivatives of nitrogen heterocycles [e. g., =C−C(Cl)=N−] with electron rich arenes/heteroarenes. It was also observed that apart from participating in the heteroarylation step, TFA was able to facilitate the hydroarylation/o‐arylation process in the same pot affording the carbazole/oxepine fused N‐heterocycles. The reaction proceeded with similar efficiency on gram scale.

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Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydroborylative Polycyclization of Allenynes: an Atom‐Economical and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Bicyclic 5‐5 Fused Rings
Authors: Manjón‐Mata Inés , Quirós M. Teresa , Velasco‐Juárez Elena , Buñuel Elena , Cárdenas Diego J.
Published: February 2022

A diastereoselective synthesis of borylated bicyclic 5‐5 fused ring systems by a domino Ni‐catalyzed hydroborylative polycyclization of allenynes has been developed. The reaction provides two new C−C and one C−B bonds and constitutes an atom‐economical method. It occurs rapidly, in absence of inert atmosphere, with an inexpensive Ni‐based catalyst and HBpin as boron source. The procedure showed excellent tolerance to functional groups and a wide scope. Derivatization of the borylated bicycles has been performed to explore the synthetic utility of the products. Experimental and DFT‐calculation results suggest that the process starts by an oxidative cyclometallation involving Ni(0) and both the allene and the alkyne moieties, followed by a stereoselective σ‐metathesis with HBpin. Formation of the second ring takes place through a non‐fully coplanar 1,2‐insertion into the Ni−H bond to give a nickelacyclohexene which finally evolves by reductive elimination.

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Lewis Acid Enhancement of Gold Catalytic Activity Through Counterion Coordination. Synthesis of Benzofulvenes from Progargylsilanes and Benzophenones
Authors: Fernández Sergio , Santamaría Javier , Ballesteros Alfredo
Published: February 2022

A simple, regioselective and high yielding gold‐catalyzed synthesis of benzofulvenes, from progargylsilanes and benzophenones, is described. Initially, the carbonyl compound is synergistically activated by the silyl moiety and, for the cyclization step, the gold catalytic activity is clearly increased by the participation of aluminum trichloride, acting as a cocatalyst. Several mechanistic intermediates, such as enynes and silylbenzofulvenes, have been isolated. Different control experiments have been performed, indicating the participation of [LAu][NTf2AlCl3] complex as the true catalyst, and revealing a dramatic enhancement of the gold activity by coordination of the Lewis acid to the gold counterion.

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Modeling the Performance of Dy3+‐Based Boltzmann Thermometers by the Judd–Ofelt Theory
Authors: Martinović Ana , Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Ćirić Aleksandar
Published: February 2022

Energy level positions, refractive index values, Judd–Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters, Slater integrals, and spin‐orbit coupling parameters are taken from the literature for 27 Dy3+‐doped materials (five crystals and 22 glasses). Investigated are only the transitions that are used for the Boltzmann‐type luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) thermometers (transitions from the three thermalized levels,4F9/2,4I15/2, and4G11/2to the ground level). Reduced matrix elements of these three transitions are calculated from the Slater integrals and spin‐orbit coupling parameters and they are compared to the most frequently used values from Carnall's tables. The comparison of JO parameters shows the smaller variation of the Ω6, related to rigidity, in crystal hosts than in glasses, and the opposite was observed for the Ω2,4parameters. LIR performances are simulated by the JO thermometric model for each material by the conventional LIR and the LIR that exploits the third thermalized level. The comparison of the predicted figures of merit in luminescence thermometry reveals the most promising thermometric Dy3+doped crystals and glasses.