bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triple-decker complexes incorporating three distinct deck architectures
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Singh Akhil Kumar , Yadav Ravi , Jin Da , Haimerl Maria , Scheer Manfred , Roesky Peter W.
Published: December 2021

Fe–Li–Pb heterotrimetallic triple-decker complexes were synthesized by reduction of pentaphospha- and pentarsaferrocene with the dilithioplumbole. Both complexes comprise bent P5/As5 middle decks and plumbole as lower decks.
Binding mechanism of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease deciphered by multiple replica molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Liang Shanshan , Liu Xinguo , Zhang Shaolong , Li Meng , Zhang Qinggang , Chen Jianzhong
Published: December 2021

Decoding interaction mechanism and hot spots for inhibitor-SARS-CoV-2 Mpro binding.
The corona of protein–gold nanoparticle systems: the role of ionic strength
Authors: Cantarutti Cristina , Hunashal Yamanappa , La Rosa Carmelo , Condorelli Marcello , Giorgetti Sofia , Bellotti Vittorio , Fogolari Federico , Esposito Gennaro
Published: December 2021

By simply changing the ionic strength of the medium, it is possible to switch from a labile and transient nature of the protein–gold nanoparticle adduct, to a layer of proteins having a long residence time on the nanoparticle surface.
Helium structures around SF5+ and SF6+: novel intermolecular potential and mass spectrometry experiments
Authors: Zunzunegui-Bru Eva , Gruber Elisabeth , Bergmeister Stefan , Meyer Miriam , Zappa Fabio , Bartolomei Massimiliano , Pirani Fernando , Villarreal Pablo , González-Lezana Tomás , Scheier Paul
Published: December 2021

The structure of the He atoms around SF5+ and SF6+ is investigated both experimentally and theoretically.
The enzymatic performance derived from the lattice planes of Ir nanoparticles
Authors: Jin Guangxia , Sun Guowei , Fu Cheng , Wang Chan , Ran Guoxia , Song Qijun
Published: December 2021

DFT calculations reveal that the versatile enzyme-like properties of IrNPs are directly related to their crystal planes. The catalase-like activity originates from the Ir(111) plane, while the oxidase-like activity is intrinsic to the Ir(220) plane.
Effect of Co, Cu, and Zn on FeAlK catalysts in CO2 hydrogenation to C5+ hydrocarbons
Authors: Nasriddinov Khasan , Min Ji-Eun , Park Hae-Gu , Han Seung Ju , Chen Jingyu , Jun Ki-Won , Kim Seok Ki
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive comparisons of Co, Cu, and Zn effects on the performance of Fe catalysts in CO2 hydrogenation to liquid hydrocarbons.
Inhibitory effects of a low-molecular-weight sulfated fucose-containing saccharide on α-amylase and α-glucosidase prepared from ascophyllan
Authors: Zhan Hui , Yu Gang , Zheng Mingjing , Zhu Yanbing , Ni Hui , Oda Tatsuya , Jiang Zedong
Published: December 2021

A low-molecular-weight sulfated fucose-containing saccharide with potent inhibition on α-glucosidase but mild inhibition on α-amylase was prepared from alginate lyase digested ascophyllan, having desirable characteristics as an anti-diabetic agent.
Solvent composition regulates the Se : Sb ratio in antimony selenide nanowires deposited from thiol–amine solvent mixtures
Authors: Vashishtha A. , Vana O. , Edri E.
Published: December 2021

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3), a V2VI3 semiconductor with an intriguing crystal structure, has demonstrated improved power conversion and solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies in recent years.
A bilayered two-dimensional hybrid perovskite with a cage-templated secondary cation for high efficiency photodetection
Authors: Tang Liwei , Chen Huaixi , Ma Yu , Liu Yi , Hua Lina , Lu Lei , Wang Beibei , Han Shiguo , Sun Zhihua , Luo Junhua
Published: December 2021

A novel two-dimensional hybrid perovskite (IA)2(DMA)Pb2Br7 was obtained by introducing a large secondary cation DMA+ into the PbBr6 framework. A highly efficient array photodetector has been assembled using its crystal.
Facile activation of lithium slag for the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite A with commercial quality and high removal efficiency for the isotope of radioactive 90Sr
Authors: Wang Binyu , Li Jing , Zhou Xue , Hao Wenfeng , Zhang Shaoqing , Lan Chang , Wang Xiaomei , Wang Ziyu , Xu Jun , Zhang Jia-Nan , Li Xiaolong , Yan Wenfu
Published: December 2021

Zeolite A with commercial quality and high removal efficiency for Sr2+ was hydrothermally synthesized from lithium slag after mild and facile activation.
Palladium-catalyzed stereoselective trifluoromethylated allylic alkylation of 3-substituted oxindoles
Authors: Li Dong , Zhang Shuaibo , Wang Bangzhong , Sun Wuding , Zhao Jinfeng , Qu Jingping , Zhou Yuhan
Published: December 2021

The palladium-catalyzed asymmetric trifluoromethylated allylic alkylation of 3-substituted oxindoles using α-(trifluoromethyl)alkenyl acetates as trifluoromethyl-containing allyl precursors was developed.
Synthesis of functionalized 3,2′-pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles via domino 1,6-addition/annulation reactions of para-quinone methides and 3-chlorooxindoles
Authors: Tian Xiaochen , Zhang Yongxing , Ren Weiwu , Wang Yang
Published: December 2021

A highly efficient diastereoselective [4 + 1] cycloaddition of ortho-tosylaminophenyl-substituted p-QMs with 3-chlorooxindoles has been developed to afford 3,2′-pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed successive C(sp2)–H and C(sp2)–C(sp2) bond activation of aryl oximes: synthetic and mechanistic studies
Authors: Li Cheng , Huang Huawen , Xiao Fuhong , Zhao Bin , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: December 2021

A rhodium(iii)-catalyzed redox-neutral reaction of aryl oximes and internal alkynes to generate novel N-(2-cyanoaryl) indanone imines.
Unveiling a key catalytic pocket for the ruthenium NHC-catalysed asymmetric heteroarene hydrogenation
Authors: Hamza Andrea , Moock Daniel , Schlepphorst Christoph , Schneidewind Jacob , Baumann Wolfgang , Glorius Frank
Published: December 2021

DFT computations andin situNMR spectroscopy studies on the mode of enantioinduction of the Ru-bis-NHC catalytic system in heteroarene hydrogenation indicate that the catalytic pocket and stabilizing non-covalent interactions play a key role.
Porous graphene-like MoS2/carbon hierarchies for high-performance pseudocapacitive sodium storage
Authors: Yao Tianhao , Yao Menglong , Wang Hongkang
Published: December 2021

Few-layered graphene-like MoS2/carbon composite with porous hierarchical nanostructures was prepared via a template-assisted pyrolysis method, which demonstrated excellent sodium storage performance with high pseudocapacitance contribution.
Regime shifts on tropical coral reef ecosystems: future trajectories to animal-dominated states in response to anthropogenic stressors
Authors: Bell James J. , Micaroni Valerio , Strano Francesca
Published: December 2021

Despite the global focus on the occurrence of regime shifts on shallow-water tropical coral reefs over the last two decades, most of this research continues to focus on changes to algal-dominated states. Here, we review recent reports (in approximately the last decade) of regime shifts to states dominated by animal groups other than zooxanthellate Scleractinian corals. We found that while there have been new reports of regime shifts to reefs dominated by Ascidacea, Porifera, Octocorallia, Zoantharia, Actiniaria and azooxanthellate Scleractinian corals, some of these changes occurred many decades ago, but have only just been reported in the literature. In most cases, these reports are over small to medium spatial scales (<4 × 104 m2 and 4 × 104 to 2 × 106 m2, respectively). Importantly, from the few studies where we were able to collect information on the persistence of the regime shifts, we determined that these non-scleractinian states are generally unstable, with further changes since the original regime shift. However, these changes were not generally back to coral dominance. While there has been some research to understand how sponge- and octocoral-dominated systems may function, there is still limited information on what ecosystem services have been disrupted or lost as a result of these shifts. Given that many coral reefs across the world are on the edge of tipping points due to increasing anthropogenic stress, we urgently need to understand the consequences of non-algal coral reef regime shifts.
Galactic magnetic X fields
Authors: Henriksen R. N.
Published: December 2021

Aims. Or aim in this note is to compare a recent explanation of the galactic X pattern in Faraday rotation to the pattern produced by the advection part of the classical dynamo.

Methods. We find that the characteristic X magnetic field polarization in the plane of the sky, found in edge-on spiral galaxies, can develop magnetohydromagnetically from an initial disk magnetic field combined with wind and rotation. The rotation measure develops a corresponding X distribution in sign, but this distribution is not a universal behavior because it depends primarily on the velocity field. We use Cauchy evolution of an initial magnetic field to find the field at some later time.

Results. A battery mechanism that requires the current to always flow out of a galaxy has been recently suggested. This contrasts with the conclusions of this paper.

Conclusions. Either explanation has significant consequences for the structure of a spiral galaxy. If the battery mechanism applies, then we have a new method of producing a magnetic field independent of the traditional dynamo. If, however, the flow mechanism applies, then constraints concerning the presence and nature of a galactic wind, together with the signature of the mean radial magnetic field, can be inferred.
Physical properties of a fan-shaped jet backlit by an X9.3 flare
Authors: Pietrow A. G. M. , Druett M. K. , de la Cruz Rodriguez J. , Calvo F. , Kiselman D.
Published: December 2021

Context.Fan-shaped jets sometimes form above light bridges and are believed to be driven by the reconnection of the vertical umbral field with the more horizontal field above the light bridges. Because these jets are not fully opaque in the wings of most chromospheric lines, it is not possible to study their spectra without highly complex considerations of radiative transfer in spectral lines from the atmosphere behind the fan.

Aims.We take advantage of a unique set of observations of the Hαline along with the Ca II8542 Å and Ca IIK lines obtained with the CRISP and CHROMIS instrument of the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope to study the physical properties of a fan-shaped jet that was backlit by an X9.3 flare. For what we believe to be the first time, we report an observationally derived estimate of the mass and density of material in a fan-shaped jet.

Methods.The Hαflare ribbon emission profiles from behind the fan are highly broadened and flattened, allowing us to investigate the fan with a single slab via Beckers’ cloud model, as if it were backlit by a flat spectral profile of continuum emission. Using this model we derived the opacity and velocity of the material in the jet. Using inversions of Ca II8542 Å emission via the STockholm inversion Code, we were also able to estimate the temperature and to cross-check the velocity of the material in the jet. Finally, we used the masses and the plane-of-sky and line-of-sight velocities as functions of time to investigate the downward supply of energy and momentum to the photosphere in the collapse of this jet, and evaluated it as a potential driver for a sunquake beneath.

Results.We find that the physical properties of the fan material are reasonably chromospheric in nature, with a temperature of 7050 ± 250 K and a mean density of 2 ± 0.3 × 10−11g cm−3.

Conclusions.The total mass observed in Hαwas found to be 3.9 ± 0.7 × 1013g and the kinetic energy delivered to the base of the fan in its collapse was nearly two orders of magnitude below typical sunquake energies. We therefore rule out this jet as the sunquake driver, but cannot completely rule out larger fan jets as potential drivers.
Morpho-anatomical features of the flower Tulipa biebersteiniana Schult. еt Schult. in the South of the Central Russian Upland
Authors: Glubsheva Tatyana , Cherniavskih Vladimir , Dumacheva Elena , Vorobyova Oxana , Grigorenko Svetlana
Published: December 2021

The processes of formation of many species are observed in the south of the Central Russian Upland. For these conditions, the morpho-anatomical features of the tepals of Tulipa biebersteiniana Schult. Et. Schult. fil as the adaptive potential of seed propagation were studied for the first time. The tepals are arranged in two circles and differ in morphological and anatomical features. Differences in the structure of the main cells of the epidermis on the abaxial and adaxial sides were revealed. On the abaxial side, the main epidermal cells are rectangular, sometimes fusiform or rarely diamond-shaped, arranged in rows. They are covered with a weakly longitudinally wrinkled cuticle. The side walls of the abaxial surface are straight or slightly curved. On the adaxial surface, the side walls are zigzag, passing to the lateral edge in strongly sinuous. The localization, estimated functions and sizes of the hairs on the leaves of the tulip were determined. Single celled trichomes are located in two places.
Antimutagenic activity of probiotic drugs on the example of Drosophila
Authors: Bochkareva Evgenia , Degtyareva Kristina , Voloschenko Olga , Makanina Olesya
Published: December 2021

Probiotic preparations were obtained on the basis of cryopreserved forms of pure cultures of L. plantarum and B. subtilis using freeze drying. The antimutagenic activity of the obtained probiotic preparations was investigated in relation to 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% concentrations of cobalt sulfate using the example of dominant lethal mutations of Drosophila. A positive antimutagenic effect of probiotic preparations was shown in relation to 0.1% and 0.01% concentrations of CoSO4 with an exposure duration of at least 3 days.
New drug delivery system in ophthalmology: results studying the surface structure of soft contact lenses from various polymer
Authors: Zhilyakova Elena , Naplekov Denis , Malyutina Anastasia , Bondarev Alexander , Novikov Oleg
Published: December 2021

The development of an ophthalmic therapeutic system includes research on the spatial structure of soft contact lens polymers and the study of the processes of saturation and release of medicinal substances from them. This allows you to determine the methods of saturation of contact lenses with medicinal agents and will open up new opportunities in the treatment of ophthalmological diseases. The purpose of this preliminary fragment of large-scale research was to study the surface structure of soft contact lenses made of various polymers. The following polymers were used in the work: Nelfilcon A, Hilafilcon B, Nezofilcon A, Etafilcon A, Lotrafilcon B. The following pharmaceutical substances were used: Brimonidine Tartrate, Betaxolol Hydrochloride, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride. The surface structure of soft contact lenses was studied using atomic force microscopy. Each material under study has a different surface character, which together with the differences in pore properties determines its individuality. Based on this, it should be assumed that the surface of soft contact lenses affects the possibility of their potential use as a means of delivering drug agent molecules to the eye tissues. In all cases of soft contact saturation, the highest absorption capacity was demonstrated by Hilafilcon B and Etafilcon A with a similar surface.
Application of NH3 / CO2 refrigerant cooling system in a cold storage project
Authors: Zhou Dao , Wang Kang
Published: December 2021

Taking a project’s integrated logistics dry port as an example, the advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used refrigerants and their systems are compared and analyzed from safety, environmental protection and energy saving. The technical principles of the NH3 / CO2 refrigerant cooling system are briefly described, and the introduction is also introduced. The refrigeration system selection, equipment configuration and automatic control system scheme of the project refrigerator were provided, which can provide a reference for the selection of the refrigeration scheme of the cold chain project in the future.
Applications thérapeutiques des vésicules extracellulaires
Authors: Aubertin Kelly , Piffoux Max , Sebbagh Anna , Gauthier Jeanne , Silva Amanda K.A. , Gazeau Florence
Published: December 2021

Les vésicules extracellulaires, sécrétées spontanément ou en réponse à un stress par tous les types cellulaires, sont proposés comme des biothérapies alternatives aux thérapies cellulaires et aux nanomédicaments synthétiques. Leurs atouts logistiques (stockage, stabilité, disponibilité, tolérance), leur capacité à franchir les barrières biologiques, à délivrer leurs contenus (protéines, lipides et acides nucléiques) pour modifier leurs cellules cibles, ainsi que leurs activités immunomodulatrice et régénérative, suscitent un intérêt grandissant pour un très large spectre de maladies. Cette synthèse présente les défis qui restent à relever pour appliquer ces biothérapies en clinique. Quelques applications prometteuses dans les domaines du cancer et de la médecine régénérative seront proposées.
COVID-19 – Onkologen diskutieren auf dem ESMO 2021
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: December 2021

Prinzipiell ist bei Tumorpatienten von einer ausreichenden Immunantwort auf die Vakzinierung gegen SARS-CoV-2 auszugehen. Eine abgeschwächte Antikörperbildung ist allerdings bei hämatologischen Patienten sowie unter einigen Krebstherapeutika möglich.
The Cauchy problem for the Klein–Gordon equation under the quartic potential in the de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Nakamura Makoto
Published: December 2021

The Cauchy problem for the Klein–Gordon equation under the quartic potential is considered in the de Sitter spacetime. The existence of global solutions for small rough initial data is shown based on the mechanism of the spontaneous symmetry breaking for the small positive Hubble constant. The effects of the spatial expansion and contraction on the problem are considered.
Convolutional neural network based on recurrence plot for EEG recognition
Authors: Hao Chongqing , Wang Ruiqi , Li Mengyu , Ma Chao , Cai Qing , Gao Zhongke
Published: December 2021

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a typical physiological signal. The classification of EEG signals is of great significance to human beings. Combining recurrence plot and convolutional neural network (CNN), we develop a novel method for classifying EEG signals. We select two typical EEG signals, namely, epileptic EEG and fatigue driving EEG, to verify the effectiveness of our method. We construct recurrence plots from EEG signals. Then, we build a CNN framework to classify the EEG signals under different brain states. For the classification of epileptic EEG signals, we design three different experiments to evaluate the performance of our method. The results suggest that the proposed framework can accurately distinguish the normal state and the seizure state of epilepsy. Similarly, for the classification of fatigue driving EEG signals, the method also has a good classification accuracy. In addition, we compare with the existing methods, and the results show that our method can significantly improve the detection results.
High-efficient electromagnetic absorption and composites of carbon microspheres
Authors: Wang Fengyuan , Cui Liru , Zhao Honghong , Han Xijiang , Du Yunchen
Published: December 2021

Electromagnetic (EM) pollution is evolving into a widely concerned environmental problem raised by the extensive application of EM emitting mobile devices. Microwave absorption materials (MAMs), as functional media for the sustainable conversion of EM energy, have been intensively developed for EM pollution precaution in the past two decades. Carbon materials are always considered as one of the most promising candidates for high-performance MAMs due to their tunable dielectric property, good chemical stability, low density, and diverse forms. In particular, carbon microspheres receive much considerable attention, not only for their intrinsic characteristics from the nature of carbon materials but also for their unique advantages in high dispersity and microstructure plasticity. Therefore, the construction of high-performance MAMs based on carbon microspheres has become an active field of research for microwave absorption. This perspective paper offers the recent advances on the explorations of various highly efficient MAMs related to carbon microspheres. Literature review indicates that some unique microstructures, including porous, hollow, core-shell, yolk-shell configurations, and rational chemical composition, can reinforce the microwave absorption performance of carbon microsphere composites significantly through intensifying their loss capability and improving their impedance matching. Besides, the challenges and perspectives are also proposed in terms of current research progress to inspire the further developments of carbon microspheres.
A memcapacitor-based hyperchaotic conservative system
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Guangyi , Iu Herbert Ho-Ching
Published: December 2021

To explore the applications of the memcapacitor in the conservative circuits, the nonlinear dynamics of a memcapacitor-based hyperchaotic conservative circuit are studied in detail. Specifically, the conservative condition of the system is obtained by combining divergence and Hamiltonian energy, and the perpetual points and equilibrium points of the memcapacitor-based system are also analyzed in detail. Subsequently, the influences of system parameters and initial conditions on the dynamics of the memcapacitor-based hyperchaotic conservative system are discussed through the dynamic map and the basin of attraction, where three dynamics phenomena can be observed, such as interior crisis, largest Lyapunov exponent jump, and coexisting conservative flows. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by the circuit experiment simulation through MULTISIM and digital signal processing; a pseudorandom number generator based on the hyperchaotic conservative system is also designed and compared with another system through an NIST test.
Experimental and computational study of hull–propeller–rudder interaction for steady turning circles
Authors: Sanada Yugo , Park Sungtek , Kim Dong-Hwan , Wang Zhaoyuan , Stern Frederick , Yasukawa Hironori
Published: December 2021

The hull–propeller–rudder interaction of the Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering Container Ship is studied using a combined experimental fluid dynamic (EFD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method with an innovative approach employed for the analysis of steady state circular motions. The force and moment balances are analyzed by decomposing into contributions from the bare hull, rudder, and propulsor. Detailed investigation of the computed local flow fields is performed including the hull vortices, surface pressure and streamlines, and propeller and rudder inflows. The force and moment balances mostly have a similar trend for both the EFD and CFD. The propeller inflow in port and starboard turning shows different trends, and the propeller is more heavily loaded with reduced efficiency as compared to the straight-ahead condition. The port side shows larger magnitudes of the hull vortices, more propeller load, lower propeller efficiency, larger drift angle, and smaller circle radius than the starboard side turning. These differences are explained via the hull–propeller–rudder force and moment balances with the aid of transformed circular motion equations of centrifugal force. The surge (X) force is hardly changed, but the lateral (Y) force is reduced (largely due to the rudder force) for the port side turning, which induces a larger drift angle and more speed loss. The overall conclusion is that the circular motion induces the centrifugal force and drift angle, which induce the hull vortices, off-design propeller inflow, reduced propeller efficiency, increased propeller thrust, and speed loss in addition to the propeller rudder interactions.
Observation of the extreme Doppler shift of acoustic rotating waves in the time domain
Authors: Liu Lianyun , Han Yue , Zheng Xu , Qiu Yi
Published: December 2021

When a rotating wave carrying orbital angular momentum undergoes an extreme Doppler shift, the observed frequency will become negative. The negative frequency is the prerequisite condition for rotational superradiance, which is principally in connection with the black hole radiance. This condition has been observed in a published experiment using two rotating microphones, which mainly obtained the spectral results. However, the experiment showed a few graphical details of the wave shape. We propose a numerical method not only to demonstrate the Doppler shift of the observed frequency but also to show the formation of the acoustic rotating waves in the time domain. The numerical model adopts a circular array of momentum sources to generate the rotating waves and an array of static monitoring points to simulate the rotating microphones. The time domain observation shows that a negative frequency can be explained with either the handedness reversal of orbital angular momentum or the time reversal of the signal. This point of view has never been reported. The proposed method is not only instructive for designing an experiment with static microphones which are more easily assembled than rotating microphones but also useful in exploring the physical insight of the supperadiance phenomenon.
Decay properties of the X(3872) through the Fierz rearrangement
Authors: Chen Hua-Xing
Published: December 2021

We systematically construct all the tetraquark currents of J

PC
= 1++ with the quark configurations

[
cq
]
[

c

¯

q

¯

]

,

[

c

¯

q
]
[

q

¯

c
]

, and

[

c

¯

c
]
[

q

¯

q
]

(q = u/d). Their relations are derived using the Fierz rearrangement of the Dirac and color indices, through which we study decay properties of the X(3872) under both the compact tetraquark and hadronic molecule interpretations. We conduct a search for the X(3872) → χ

c0
π, η

c

π
π, and χ

c1
π
π decay processes in particle experiments.
Effect of drawing and annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 austenitic stainless steel wire
Authors: Xu Qinhua , Zhu Jianxin , Zong Yong , Liu Lihua , Zhu Xiaoyong , Zhang Fuen , Luan Baifeng
Published: December 2021

Plastic deformation at room temperature, and the proceeding heat treatments, are important processes for optimizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel. The microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-drawn 304 austenitic stainless steel wire were investigated after annealing at 700 °C and 800 °C, with different times (20, 40 and 60 min) and drawing strain (0.4, 1.0 and 1.5). Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques, transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and tensile tests were performed in order to study the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during different annealing processes for the 304 austenitic stainless steel wire. The results showed that the quantity of α′ martensite and dislocations increased with an increase in the strain, which means that, while the ultimate tensile strength of the cold-drawn wires elevated, the elongation reduced. The mechanical properties of stainless steel wires also varied with the evolution of martensite transformation characteristics, density of stacking fault, dislocation and twin, as well as the recrystallization degree under various annealing conditions. The recrystallization temperature of steel wire was mainly determined by the magnitude of the strain, while the martensite reversal temperature was determined by the stacking fault energy and the deformation value. The temperature of recrystallization and martensite reverse in steel wire decreased with the increment of the strain. The balance of tensile strength and elongation of steel wire can be obtained by adopting the proper annealing process combined with cold-drawing deformation. In this paper, we showed that a good combination of strength and elongation in 304 austenitic stainless steel can be obtained with a strain of 1.5 annealed at 800 °C for 20 min.
Microstructures and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of ME21/Mg laminated materials by accumulative roll bonding
Authors: Zhang Wanshun , Zhang Wenkai , Zhao Hongyang , Hu Xiaodong , Chen Ming , Ju Dongying
Published: December 2021

Laminated composite with multi-layer interfaces has better electromagnetic interference shielding performance, which has attracted great attention. In this work, magnesium matrix laminated structure materials were prepared through Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB). Microstructure, electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of ME21/Mg laminated materials were investigated to understand the effect of layered structure and the change of microstructure on the electromagnetic shielding property. The results showed: the precipitated secondary phase and introduced interfaces could provide multiple reflections, attenuate the electromagnetic waves and improve the SE value. The electrical conductivity of 2-cycle increased to 21.04*106 S m−1, which was 17.74% higher than that of ME21 alloy, the intensity of texture of ME21 layer increased with the rolling passes, which contributed to the improvement of the electrical conductivity as well as the attenuation of reflection. The layered composite exhibited better shielding effectiveness compared with the ME21, in the 8.2–12.4 GHz test frequency, the SE was 98–107 dB. The shielding mechanism of layered materials was explained, which provided guiding for the efficient shielding of electromagnetic waves.
An alternative test method for the dual-port SRAM through the DesignWare SATA AHCI implementation in 3D IC structures
Authors: Patil Chandrashekhar V , Suma M S
Published: December 2021

The conventional methods for testing the Dual Port Random Access Memories (DPRAM) may not be suitable for the Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit (3D IC) structures, due to their limited test vectors with heterogeneous integration. This paper takes an Application Specific Integrated Chips (ASIC) approach to gain some insight into the Front-end behavioral testing and backend routability of the dual port memories with complex Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (Serial-ATA) design, in a 3D IC structure. The presented implementation used commercially available Dual Port memories from the two different vendors. The commercially available DesignWare Advanced Host Controller Interface (SATA/AHCI), which is based on the SATA 2.6 AHCI host and external SATA (eSATA) standard bus architecture, with My_foundry’s 14 nm low power process (14lp) technologies for the logical and physical implementations. The methodology evaluates the memory quality and performance/characteristics, in terms of timing, power and area. This paper shows memory testing in both implementation/verification in a readily built-up SATA test environment.
Tunable metallic-like transport in polypyrrole
Authors: Zang Xiaoling , Jiang Yuqian , Chai Yuqiao , Li Fengwang , Ji Junhui , Xue Mianqi
Published: December 2021

Conjugated polymers (CPs), organic macromolecules with a linear backbone of alternating C–C and C=C bonds, possess unique semiconductive properties, providing new opportunities for organic electronics, photonics, information, and energy devices. Seeking the metallic or metallic-like, even superconducting properties beyond semiconductivity in CPs is always one of the ultimate goals in polymer science and condensed matter. Only two metallic and semi-metallic transport cases—aniline-derived polyaniline and thiophene-derived poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)—have been reported since the development of CPs for four decades. Controllable synthesis is a key challenge in discovering more cases. Here we report the metallic-like transport behavior of another CP, polypyrrole (PPy). We observe that the transport behavior of PPy changes from semiconductor to insulator-metal transition, and gradually realizes metallic-like performance when the crystalline degree increases. Using a generalized Einstein relation model, we rationalized the mechanism behind the observation. The metallic-like transport in PPy demonstrates electron strong correlation and phonon–electron interaction in soft condensation matter, and may find practical applications of CPs in electrics and spintronics.
Raven’s Land: American Literary HistoryIn Medias Res
Authors: Rivett Sarah
Published: December 2021

Known in Western literature for an act of disobedience in Genesis 8.7, the raven became a “type of devil” in eighteenth-century theological writing and a “thing of evil” in Edgar Allan’s Poe’s titular poem. This essay unsettles European labels for the raven through a case study of a Tlingit bentwood box, taken from Alaska in the 1880s and now housed at the Princeton University Art Museum. For over one hundred years, the box has been displaced, but it demands reconsideration through the complexity of the Raven as creator and trickster in Tlingit oral literature. Tlingit raven stories reveal a connection between the European dismissal of the raven as devil and the fabrication of the origins story in American literary history. Highlighting what Western literature ignores in the Genesis story—namely godless authority and a contra-teleological presence, Tlingit and Haida raven stories repudiate the myth of origins on which US settler colonialism depends.
Environmental life-cycle assessment of waste-coal pellets production
Authors: Hanak Dawid P
Published: December 2021

Industrial decarbonization is crucial to keeping the global mean temperature <1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Although unabated coal use needs to be phased out, coal is still expected to remain an important source of energy in power and energy-intensive industries until the 2030s. Decades of coal exploration, mining and processing have resulted in ~30 billion tonnes of waste-coal tailings being stored in coal impoundments, posing environmental risks. This study presents an environmental life-cycle assessment of a coal-processing technology to produce coal pellets from the waste coal stored in impoundments. It has been shown that the waste-coal pellets would result in the cradle-to-gate global warming of 1.68–3.50 kgCO2,eq/GJch, depending on the source of electricity used to drive the process. In contrast, the corresponding figure for the supply of conventional coal in the US was estimated to be 12.76 kgCO2,eq/GJch. Such a reduction in the global-warming impact confirms that waste-coal pellets can be a viable source of energy that will reduce the environmental impact of the power and energy-intensive industries in the short term. A considered case study showed that complete substitution of conventional coal with the waste-coal pellets in a steelmaking plant would reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions from 2649.80 to 2439.50 kgCO2,eq/tsteel. This, in turn, would reduce the life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of wind-turbine manufacturing by ≤8.6%. Overall, this study reveals that the use of waste-coal pellets can bring a meaningful reduction in industrial greenhouse-gas emissions, even before these processes are fully decarbonized.
Neural representations of absolute and relative magnitudes in symbolic and nonsymbolic formats
Authors: Bhatia Parnika , Longo Léa , Chesnokova Hanna , Prado Jérôme
Published: December 2021

Humans differ from other animal species in their unique ability to use symbols to represent numerical information. This ability is thought to emerge from the “neural recycling” of mechanisms supporting nonsymbolic magnitudes in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), a hypothesis that has been applied to both absolute magnitudes (e.g., whole numbers) and relative magnitudes (e.g., fractions). Yet, evidence for the neuronal recycling hypothesis is inconsistent for absolute magnitudes and scarce for relative magnitudes. Here, we investigated to what extent the neural representations of absolute and relative magnitudes in symbolic and nonsymbolic formats overlap in the IPS. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation design, 48 adult participants were sequentially presented with lines, whole numbers, line ratios, and fractions that varied (vs. not varied) in magnitudes. Univariate analyses showed that the extent to which IPS mechanisms associated with whole numbers relied on mechanisms associated with lines depended upon participants’ arithmetic fluency. Multivariate analyses revealed that the right IPS encoded differences in format (nonsymbolic vs. symbolic) across both absolute and relative magnitudes. Therefore, IPS activity associated with magnitude processing may depend on the presentation format (nonsymbolic vs. symbolic) more than it depends on the type of magnitude (absolute vs. relative), at least for most adult participants.
Contact-Tracing Outcomes Among Household Contacts of Fully Vaccinated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: San Francisco, California, 29 January–2 July 2021
Authors: Sachdev Darpun D , Chew Ng Rilene , Sankaran Madeline , Ernst Alexandra , Hernandez Katherine T , Servellita Venice , Sotomayor-Gonzalez Alicia , Stoltey Juliet , Cohen Stephanie E , Nguyen Trang Quyen , Chiu Charles Y , Philip Susan
Published: December 2021

Background

The extent to which vaccinated persons diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can transmit to other vaccinated and unvaccinated persons is unclear.

Methods

Using data from the San Francisco Department of Public Health, this report describes outcomes of household contact tracing during 29 January–2 July 2021, where fully vaccinated patients with COVID-19 were the index case in the household.

Results

Among 248 fully vaccinated patients with breakthrough infections, 203 (82%) were symptomatic and 105 were identified as the index patient within their household. Among 179 named household contacts, 71 (40%) contacts tested, over half (56%) were fully vaccinated and the secondary attack rate was 28%. Overall transmission from a symptomatic fully vaccinated patient with breakthrough infection to household contacts was suspected in 14 of 105 (13%) of households. Viral genomic sequencing of samples from 44% of fully vaccinated patients showed that 82% of those sequenced were infected by a variant of concern or interest and 77% by a variant carrying mutation(s) associated with resistance to neutralizing antibodies.

Conclusions

Transmission from fully vaccinated symptomatic index patients to vaccinated and unvaccinated household contacts can occur. Indoor face masking and timely testing of all household contacts should be considered when a household member receives a positive test result in order to identify and interrupt transmission chains.
Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia and left ventricular dysfunction associated with anti-mitochondrial antibody-positive myositis: a case report
Authors: Hasegawa Yuki , Izumi Daisuke , Kashimura Takeshi , Minamino Tohru
Published: December 2021

Background

Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)-positive myositis is an atypical inflammatory myopathy characterized by chronic progression of muscle atrophy and cardiac involvement. Few detailed reports have shown the clinical course of the cardiac complications of AMA-positive myositis.

Case summary

A 47-year-old man presented with shortness of breath on exertion. Cardiac dilatation was visible on chest X-ray, and echocardiography demonstrated diffuse hypokinesis with a reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction of 30%. He had mild muscle weakness in the bilateral iliopsoas muscles, and his creatine kinase (CK) and anti-mitochondrial M2 antibody levels were elevated. A liver biopsy showed no findings of primary biliary cholangitis. Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries. An endomyocardial biopsy showed interstitial fibrosis and marked degeneration of the mitochondria. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed circumferential abnormal accumulation in the LV myocardium, and he was diagnosed with cardiomyopathy associated with AMA-positive myositis. Optimal drug therapy for heart failure was started, and a cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator was implanted. However, his cardiac function did not improve, and he was hospitalized due to ventricular tachycardia storm 5 years after the diagnosis. Ventricular tachycardia was terminated by radiofrequency catheter ablation on the LV-anterior papillary muscle. Steroid therapy was initiated and resulted in a decreased uptake of FDG and a normalized CK level at 3 months after his second discharge; however, LV systolic dysfunction remained 1 year later.

Discussion

Anti-mitochondrial antibody-positive myositis can affect the myocardium and cause severe LV dysfunction and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia over time.

Keywords

Anti-mitochondrial antibody-positive myositis • Endomyocardial biopsy • Ventricular tachycardia • Left ventricular dysfunction • Case report • Magnetic resonance imaging • Near-infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound
Protective Effects of Familial Longevity Decrease With Age and Become Negligible for Centenarians
Authors: Gavrilova Natalia S , Gavrilov Leonid A
Published: December 2021

It is known that biological relatives of long-lived individuals demonstrate lower mortality and longer life span compared to relatives of shorter-lived individuals, and at least part of this advantage is likely to be genetic. Less information, however, is available about effects of familial longevity on age-specific mortality trajectories. We compared mortality patterns after age 50 years for 10 045 siblings of US centenarians and 12 308 siblings of shorter-lived individuals (died at age 65 years). Similar comparisons were made for sons and daughters of longer-lived parents (both parents lived 80 years and more) and shorter-lived parents (both parents lived less than 80 years) within each group of siblings. Although relatives of longer-lived individuals have lower mortality at younger ages compared to relatives of shorter-lived individuals, this mortality advantage practically disappears by age 100 years. To validate this observation further, we analyzed the survival of 3 408 US centenarians born in 1890–1897 with known information on maternal and paternal life span. We found using the Cox proportional hazards model that both maternal and paternal longevity (life span 80+ years) is not significantly associated with survival after age 100 years. The results are compatible with the predictions of reliability theory of aging suggesting higher initial levels of system redundancy (reserves) in individuals with protective familial/genetic background and hence lower initial mortality. Heterogeneity hypothesis is another possible explanation for the observed phenomena.
Spiritual Support Among African American and Caucasian ADRD Caregivers: A Risk and Resilience Study
Authors: Wilks Scott , Spurlock Wanda , Brown Sandra , Geiger Jennifer , Choate Sarah , Kirsch Katherine , Thompson Alisha , Slaton Cassie
Published: December 2021

Research shows African Americans at greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) compared to Caucasians, suggesting African American ADRD caregivers are rising in numbers at a greater rate than Caucasian counterparts. A recent study indicated spiritual wellbeing differences among these caregiver groups. Using a quasi-follow-up of members of a larger caregiver sample, the purpose of this study was to test spiritual support as a moderator via a risk-and-resilience framework. Secondary data analysis from a sample of 691 ADRD caregivers examined data on demographics and standardized measures of spiritual support, caregiver burden, and psychological resilience. One-third of the sample reported as African American. Resilience negatively regressed, though not significantly, on caregiving burden among both groups. Spiritual support positively, significantly impacted resilience among both groups, slightly stronger among African Americans. Spiritual support did not significantly moderate risk with either group. Implications for professional healthcare practice are discussed.
Associations Among Personality Traits, Stress Experiences, and Physical and Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults
Authors: Graham Eileen , Almeida David
Published: December 2021

Understanding between and within person variability in personality traits, and the processes of general and perceived stress are essential to understanding how to optimize cognitive health in older adults. It is well known that there is large variation in cognitive change: the pace and direction of change differs greatly across individuals. Personality traits and stress experiences are key factors that may account for some of these individual differences. The goal of our symposium is to present novel research in this area and discuss the implications for understanding personality, stress, and cognitive decline. First, Ferguson and colleagues will present a novel approach to assessing daily variability in personality. Their results demonstrate that daily personality assessments are able to capture within-person variability in personality, which could potentially help predict health trajectories in later adulthood. This is an important step in the study of change processes. Second, Luo and colleagues will present the factor structure of general and perceived stress, and show the predictive utility of these factors on physical and cognitive health outcomes. Third, Lawson and colleagues will discuss the extent to which personality is associated with cognitive function in a large sample of Mexican-origin adults. Fourth, Graham and colleagues will present results from a coordinated analysis that addressed associations among personality traits and cognitive decline both pre- and post- dementia diagnosis. Discussant David Almeida will contextualize these new findings and propose next steps.
On Being Ageist, Age-Friendly, Age-Inclusive: Differentiating Core Constructs and Their Implications
Authors: Montepare Joann
Published: December 2021

The pioneering Age-Friendly University (AFU) initiative has called for institutions of higher education to respond to the needs of older, more age-diverse populations through new approaches to programs, practices, and partnerships. In exploring in more detail what it means for a campus to be age-friendly, the national AFU Inventory and Campus Climate Survey (ICCS) study has raised questions about how core theoretical concepts are defined and manifested. Using observations from the ICCS study, this presentation will discuss tensions among constructs (e.g., does being age-friendly indicate the absence of ageist attitudes; are age-inclusive practices by design age-friendly?) and how differentiating these constructs better can help higher education focus its efforts in more intentional and productive ways.