bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A proof-of-concept application of a novel scoring approach for personalized medicine in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pellegrini Fabio , Copetti Massimiliano , Bovis Francesca , Cheng David , Hyde Robert , de Moor Carl , Kieseier Bernd C , Sormani Maria Pia
Published: May 2019

Background:

Stratified medicine methodologies based on subgroup analyses are often insufficiently powered. More powerful personalized medicine approaches are based on continuous scores.

Objective:

We deployed a patient-specific continuous score predicting treatment response in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Methods:

Data from two independent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were used to build and validate an individual treatment response (ITR) score, regressing annualized relapse rates (ARRs) on a set of baseline predictors.

Results:

The ITR score for the combined treatment groups versus placebo detected differential clinical response in both RCTs. High responders in one RCT had a cross-validated ARR ratio of 0.29 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.13–0.55) versus 0.62 (95% CI = 0.47–0.83) for all other responders (heterogeneity p = 0.038) and were validated in the other RCT, with the corresponding ARR ratios of 0.31 (95% CI = 0.18–0.56) and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.47–0.79; heterogeneity p = 0.036). The strongest treatment effect modifiers were the Short Form-36 Physical Component Summary, age, Visual Function Test 2.5%, prior MS treatment and Expanded Disability Status Scale.

Conclusion:

Our modelling strategy detects and validates an ITR score and opens up avenues for building treatment response calculators that are also applicable in routine clinical practice.
Reproductive history of the Danish multiple sclerosis population: A register-based study
Authors: Moberg Julie Yoon , Laursen Bjarne , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Magyari Melinda
Published: May 2019

Background:

A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) may impact the choice of parenthood.

Objective:

To investigate the number of live births, abortions and ectopic pregnancies among persons with MS.

Methods:

From the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, we extracted data from all persons diagnosed with MS from 1960 to 1996 and matched each MS person with four reference persons. We used a negative binomial regression model for the live births and Poisson regression model for abortions and ectopic pregnancies. The total fertility rate (TFR) during 1960–2016 and the annual number of live births in the MS population were analysed.

Results:

Persons with MS had fewer children than reference persons. Fewer women with MS had elective abortions after diagnosis (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.78–1.00) than reference persons. There was no difference regarding the number of elective abortions, spontaneous abortions or ectopic pregnancies after onset. The TFR was lower for women with MS than for reference persons, and the number of annual live births by MS persons increased during 1960–2016.

Conclusion:

MS seems to considerably impact reproductive choices, especially after clinical diagnosis, resulting in the MS population having fewer children than the general population.
Should frequent MRI monitoring be performed in natalizumab-treated MS patients? A contribution to a recent debate
Authors: Scarpazza Cristina , Signori Alessio , Cosottini Mirco , Sormani Maria Pia , Gerevini Simonetta , Capra Ruggero
Published: May 2019

Background:

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most effective surveillance tool for the detection of asymptomatic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). However, the optimal frequency for routine MRI surveillance is under-investigated.

Objective:

To understand whether, upon their first MRI appearance, PML lesions present a difference in volume when comparing patients who frequently underwent MRI surveillance (3/4 months) with those who were assessed at longer intervals (6/12 months) and to understand the impact of the volume of lesions on clinical outcome.

Methods:

The data of patients included in the Italian PML cohort were retrospectively analysed. Patients who had all the pre-diagnostic MRI scans available ( n = 37) were included. The volume of PML lesion was calculated by manually outlining the PML lesion.

Results:

Compared with patients who underwent MRI examination at least every 4 months, patients who were assessed less frequently had a lesion of significantly higher volume (median: 2567 (883–3583) vs. 664 mm3 (392–963) p = 0.006) and suffered a higher rate of disability (median: 2.25 expanded disability status scale points (–2.5 to 8) vs. 0.5 (–1 to 2.5) p = 0.004).

Conclusion:

The positive clinical outcome of patients undergoing frequent MRI surveillance and the small volume of the PML lesion upon first appearance justify a frequent surveillance using MRI in patients at high risk of PML.
A study of community mortality at the weekend versus during the week. Is there a correlation with in-hospital mortality?
Authors: Beaumont Oliver , Willett Matthew , Dutton Susan , Vadher Karen
Published: May 2019

Objective

A so-called ‘weekend effect’ has been described in which mortality among those admitted to hospital at a weekend is higher than among those admitted on weekdays. The causes for the weekend effect remain unclear. This study examined patterns of community mortality to explore whether a shift from the community to hospital may account for observed differences in hospital mortality rates across the week.

Methods

The annual number of deaths in the community was compared to that in hospitals in England and Wales during 2012 to 2014 using data from the Office for National Statistics. Analyses included the mean annual deaths, by age group and by cause of death in the community and hospital and comparison of the proportion of deaths on each day of the week to the expected number of deaths.

Results

The observed and expected total number of deaths in the community were broadly similar on the weekend and weekday ( P = 0.386). There was no difference between observed and expected rates when comparing average daily weekday deaths to the average daily weekend deaths in the community ( P = 0.434). In addition, there was no difference in the proportion of deaths in the community on the weekend when compared to the expected rate for those aged under 65, 75–84 and 85+ years. People were more likely to die on the weekend (rather than the weekday) in the community from neoplasms ( P = 0.009) but less likely to die from cardiovascular disease ( P = 0.012) or those aged 65–74 years.

Conclusion

We found no evidence of a significant difference in the risk of dying in the community at the weekend compared to during the week, or between the observed and expected deaths on each day. The lower risk of dying in the community at the weekend from cardiovascular diseases and among those aged 65–74 years and the higher risk for neoplasms are of interest but marginal. We found no evidence of a shift in deaths from the community to hospital at weekends.
Health behavior among working adults: Workload and exhaustion are associated with nutrition and physical activity behaviors that lead to weight gain
Authors: Padilla Heather M , Wilson Mark , Vandenberg Robert J , Davis Marsha , Clark Malissa A
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between workload, exhaustion, and key health behaviors for weight loss—nutrition and physical activity. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the path coefficients in a sample of 953 employed adults. The results show that workload and exhaustion were positively related to emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and percent of calories from fat. In addition, exhaustion was negatively related to physical activity levels. Workload and exhaustion are associated with nutrition and physical activity behaviors that promote weight gain and should be considered in weight management interventions for working adults.
Everyone has a secret: Closeting and secrecy from Smallville to The Flash, and from shame to algorithmic risk
Authors: Kustritz Anne
Published: May 2019

This article charts changes in the representation and encoding of superhero closeting metaphors from US television programs Smallville (2001–2011) to The Flash (2014–). Many theorists have noted that superheroes’ hidden secret identities resemble closeting. However, because of legal and social changes in LGBTQ acceptance, as well as intensification of the data-driven security state, closeting on The Flash connects to a fundamentally different set of algorithmic neoliberal social processes. As a result, The Flash portrays a form of post-shame closeting wherein secrecy is a practice of necessary self-defense against mechanized necropolitical violence and social erasure based on unpredictable data markers of risk.
The detection of deception during trials: Ignoring the nonverbal communication of witnesses is not the solution—A response to Vrij and Turgeon (2018)
Authors: Denault Vincent , Dunbar Norah E. , Plusquellec Pierrich
Published: May 2019

In their paper ‘Evaluating credibility of witnesses—Are we instructing jurors on invalid factors?’, Vrij and Turgeon (2018) argue that jurors should be advised not to consider demeanour when trying to evaluate if witnesses are honest or dishonest because of ‘overwhelming scientific evidence’. However, in this response, we contend that substantial empirical scientific studies on nonverbal communication alongside the limitations of deception detection research, as cited by Vrij and Turgeon (2018), undermine their overall argument. While jurors should be warned about erroneous beliefs and dubious concepts on human communication, jurors should also be advised to consider demeanour as a way of enriching their overall understanding of witnesses and their verbal testimony.
Sharing songs on Hirakata Square: On playlists and place attachment in contemporary music listening
Authors: Bolderman Leonieke , Reijnders Stijn
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on the relation between music and place. More particularly, it theorizes and investigates how music leads people to imagine places, sometimes resulting in a ‘musical topophilia’: the love for a place based on its association with a particular genre, musician or musical activity. This concept is explored through 17 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Dutch users of music streaming services. The analysis shows how these music listeners connect their love for music to places in four ways: through (1) sound, (2) texts and images, (3) musicians, and (4) places of music production, distribution or consumption. Based on these four mediations, music listening shapes affective geographies.
Seismic collapse assessment of double-layer barrel vault roofs with double-layer vertical walls
Authors: Kheirollahi Mohammad , Abedi Karim , Chenaghlou Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2019

Double-layer barrel vault roofs with double-layer vertical walls are frequently used as a structural system for highly important public buildings; therefore, their seismic design needs special considerations. In this article, the seismic collapse behavior of these structures, used as a lateral load-resisting system, is evaluated by carrying out incremental dynamic analysis. For this purpose, different rise-to-span and height-to-span ratios are considered for the roofs and the walls, respectively. The structures are first designed in accordance with Iranian design codes and then they are modeled in OpenSees. The material and geometric nonlinearities are considered in the analyses, including the buckling response of the compression members. At the next stage, the models are subjected to incremental dynamic analysis and their median collapse capacities are extracted. Collapse margin ratios of various structures are finally derived, following FEMA-P695 methodology, and compared against the established acceptable limits. The obtained results show that collapse of the structures occurs mainly due to the buckling-mode failure of the roof. The collapse performance of the structures with large rise-to-span ratio of roofs and large height-to-span ratio of walls is unacceptable.
The gendered affordances of Craigslist “new-in-town girls wanted” ads
Authors: Schwartz Becca , Neff Gina
Published: May 2019

Sex-for-rent schemes have emerged on online sites as rental options. We analyzed 583 advertisements that were posted on Craigslist in London and Los Angeles and interviewed 34 women who were or had been in these arrangements. This research yielded four key tensions: (1) navigating innuendo (mis)interpretation versus preserving arranged ambiguity, (2) the guise of amateurism and romance versus persistent specificity, (3) calculated sacrifice versus narrative of a better life, and (4) consent versus consensual non-consent. Findings attest to the affordances online platforms offer by connecting geographically dispersed parties in a low risk, anonymous forum. Furthermore, present research joins discourses on the commercialization of intimacy and forms of precarious, gendered labor while asserting Internet features are pivotal in facilitating these arrangements. We propose gendered affordances to conceptualize how individual aspirational labor efforts, combined with platform affordances, commodify intimacy for sale on the moral marketplace.
Episodic use: Practices of care in self-tracking
Authors: Gorm Nanna , Shklovski Irina
Published: May 2019

The development of self-tracking technologies has resulted in a burst of research considering how self-tracking practices manifest themselves in everyday life. Based on a 5-month-long photo elicitation study of Danish self-trackers, we argue that no matter how committed people might be to tracking their activities, their use of self-tracking technologies can be best described as episodic rather than continuous. Using Annemarie Mol’s theoretical framework for understanding care practices as a lens, we show how episodic use can be interpreted through the logic of care. By using self-tracking devices episodically, users employ strategies of care in a way that can be productive and useful. These strategies often come in conflict with the logics of choice that underlie the design of many self-tracking technologies. We argue that this has consequences for the way self-tracking devices need to be imagined, designed, and introduced as part of workplace and insurance-type tracking programs.
Forming-limit strains of perforated steel sheets under biaxial stress state
Authors: Chiba Ryoichi , Nakamura Ryo , Suga Yumika
Published: May 2019

The forming-limit strains of cold-rolled steel sheets perforated with regularly arranged round-, square-, and cross-shaped holes were experimentally and theoretically estimated. Two types of hole arrangements, i.e. square and triangular patterns, were considered for each hole shape and the experimental forming-limit strains were determined using the hemispherical dome test (also known as Nakazima test). The theoretical forming-limit curves were computed using the finite element method with Hill's quadratic yield function and a plastic instability criterion determined from the external force power. By comparing the experimental results and theoretical calculations under proportional loading, the formability prediction performance of the theoretical approach was evaluated. It was found that although the approach is not applicable for the triangular array of cross-shaped holes, it can achieve partially acceptable prediction for the other cases.
Policy and practice supports for young people transitioning from out-of-home care: An analysis of six recent inquiries in Australia
Authors: Mendes Philip , McCurdy Samone
Published: May 2019

Government and parliamentary inquiries into child protection have historically exerted a significant impact on policy and practice reform. Yet to date, there has been no analysis of the impact of such inquiries on programme and service supports for young people transitioning from out-of-home care (often termed leaving care). This article uses a content analysis methodology to critically examine and compare the findings of six recent Australian child protection inquiries (five at state and territory level and one Commonwealth) in relation to their discrete sections on leaving care. Attention is drawn to how the policy issue is framed including key terminology, the major concerns identified, the local and international research evidence cited and the principal sources of information including whether or not priority is given to the lived experience of care leavers.

Findings

All six inquiries identified major limitations in leaving care legislation, policy and practice including poor outcomes in key areas such as housing, education and employment. There was a consensus that post-18 assistance should be expanded, and most of the reports agreed that greater attention should be paid to the specific cultural needs of the large number of Indigenous care leavers.

Applications

Care leavers universally are a vulnerable group; leaving care policy should be informed by the lived experience and expertise of care leavers; governments have a responsibility to provide ongoing supports beyond 18 years of age, particularly in areas such as housing and education, training and employment
Four aspects of politics in Max Weber’s Politik als Beruf
Authors: Palonen Kari
Published: May 2019

The article offers a rereading of Weber’s Politik als Beruf as a conceptualisation of politics contingent and controversial activity in terms of the four aspects of politics: politicisation, polity, politicking and policy. Weber discusses politics as a concept abstracted from its content. All four aspects can be found in his exposition of the concept. Weber mentions first policy as the direction of politics and demarcates his focus on the state-type polities. Then, he presents the formula on politics as striving for power, consisting of chances to politicise its distinct shares, and discusses historical types of professional politicians and their styles of politicking. Weber illustrates the opposition between independent politicking and its result as a policy that the officials must execute. His triad passion for a cause, sense of responsibility and detached judgement among politicians correspond to the references to politicking, polity and politicisation, whereas the ethic of responsibility refers to situational politicking, but the ethic of conviction to a strict policy, which in some cases contains chances to politicise the situation. Weber’s final metaphor of politics as slow and patient drilling of hard board can be read in a way containing all the four aspects of politics.
Locke on consent, membership and emigration: A reconsideration
Authors: Numao JK
Published: May 2019

This article revisits long-standing questions about consent, membership and emigration in Locke’s thought. Commentators such as A John Simmons have argued that Locke opens political membership to both express consenters and some kind of tacit consenters, and not just to the former, as some have suggested. Simmons’s reading seems to render Locke more sensible in that it does not exclude large numbers of people from membership or burden the few members with all the civic duties, and also in that it allows at least tacit-consenting members the right to relocate, while this right is denied to express-consenting members. Against this reading, the article shows, by resolving seemingly conflicting claims in the text, that people become members only by express consent. It also responds to the criticism that the express-consent-only reading would limit membership to a few and so would render Locke’s account implausible from a practical point of view. The article then addresses the purported restriction Locke imposes on express consenters’ right to emigrate, arguing that the restriction concerns the change of membership and not the right to relocate.
Evaluation of a daylight-responsive, iterative, closed-loop light control scheme
Authors: Maiti PK , Roy B
Published: May 2019

In this paper an iterative, closed-loop light control scheme is proposed and evaluated by a white light emitting diode-based, daylight-responsive luminaire to follow the time-varying pattern of correlated colour temperature and illuminance of a daylight scene. The proposed control scheme functions primarily with the response signals of two RGB colour sensors, viz., a daylight sensor to monitor the daylight scene at the window plane and an internal light sensor to monitor the light scene created by the test white light emitting diode luminaire. The control scheme controls the lumen delivery of individual light emitting diode arrays of the test luminaire by adjusting the duty cycles to follow the instantaneous correlated colour temperature of daylight and at the same time to respond to the variation of window plane illuminance in the reverse pattern. Evaluation is conducted by laboratory testing and in situ testing. The maximum deviations in correlated colour temperature, illuminance and chromaticity from the required values under laboratory testing and in situ testing are found to be [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] respectively, which establish the acceptable performance of the proposed iterative light control scheme.
Sociological perspectives on Islamist radicalization – bridging the micro/macro gap
Authors: Jensen Sune Qvotrup , Larsen Jeppe Fuglsang
Published: May 2019

Radicalization research has been characterized by a sharp opposition between micro and macro perspectives. This article discusses three existing theoretical perspectives and argues that they may bridge the micro/macro gap. A masculinity, gender and intersectionality perspective can help analyse radicalization as a strategy for remasculinization by situating feelings of emasculation in a broader societal frame. A neo-Birminghamian conception of subculture relates individual and group processes to a broader social context by viewing radicalization as an oppositional answer to a shared situation of social and economic marginalization, and othering. Sociology of religious emotions provides an understanding of how emotional outcomes of social marginality can be transformed into individual religious emotions within radical Islamist groups.
Cerebrovascular Disease Is a Risk for Getting Lost Behavior in Prodromal Dementia
Authors: Yatawara Chathuri , Ng Kok Pin , Lim Levinia , Chander Russell , Zhou Juan , Kandiah Nagaendran
Published: May 2019

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) contributes to spatial navigation deficits; however, the everyday outcomes of this association remain unexplored. We investigated whether CVD was a risk for getting lost behavior (GLB) in elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer disease (AD). Getting lost behavior was assessed using a semistructured clinical interview and was associated with white matter lesions (WMLs) in patients with MCI. Specifically, right occipital WMLs increased the odds of GLB by 12 times ( P = .03) and right temporal WMLs increased the odds of GLB by 4 times ( P = .01), regardless of age, gender, global cognitive impairment, and occipital or medial temporal gray matter atrophy. Hypertension increased the risk of GLB in MCI by contributing to the burden of WMLs. White matter lesions were not associated with GLB in mild AD. Our findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing GLB in prodromal dementia may involve preventing WMLs by optimizing hypertension control.
Dog recognition in public places based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Ouyang Jianquan , He Hao , He Yi , Tang Huanrong
Published: May 2019

With the increase in the number of dogs in the city, the dogs can be seen everywhere in public places. At the same time, more and more stray dogs appear in public places where dogs are prohibited, which has a certain impact on the city environment and personal safety. In view of this, we propose a novel algorithm that combines dense–scale invariant feature transform and convolutional neural network to solve dog recognition problems in public places. First, the image is divided into several grids; then, the dense–scale invariant feature transform algorithm is used to split and combine the descriptors, and the channel information of the eight directions of the image is extracted as the input of the convolutional neural network; and finally, we design a convolutional neural network based on Adam optimization algorithm and cross-entropy to identify the dog species. The experimental results show that the algorithm can fully combine the advantages of dense–scale invariant feature transform and convolutional neural network to achieve dog recognition in public places, and the correct rate is 94.2%.
A Novel Telemedicine System for Care of Statewide Hand Trauma
Authors: Bracey John W. , Tait Mark A. , Hollenberg Sophie B. , Wyrick Theresa O.
Published: May 2019

Background: Telemedicine is an evolving tool to increase patients’ access to subspecialty care. Since 2014, Arkansas has been utilizing telemedicine in the evaluation of patients with hand injuries. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of this novel telemedicine system for the management of hand trauma on patient transfer. Methods: We reviewed data from the first year of the telemedicine program (2014) and compared it to data from the year prior (2013). Data collection from both years included number of hand consults and need for transfer. From the 2014 data, we also recorded the use of telemedicine, type of transfer, distance of transfer, and time to disposition. Results: During 2013 (pre-telemedicine), there were 263 hand traumas identified. In all, 191 (73%) injuries required transfer to a higher level of care, while 72 (23%) were managed locally. In the first year of the telemedicine program (2014), a total of 331 hand injuries were identified. A total of 298 (90%) resulted in telemedicine consultation with 65% (195) utilizing video encounters. After telemedicine consultation, local management was recommended for 164 injuries (55%) while transfer was recommended for 134 (45%). Using telemedicine, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of transfer for hand injuries ( P < .001). Conclusions: The telemedicine program was well utilized and provided patients throughout the state with continuous access to fellowship trained hand surgeons including regions where hand subspecialty care is not available. The program resulted in a significant decrease in the number of hospital transfers for the management of acute hand trauma.
Adaptive finite-time attitude control for spacecraft with input quantization and measurement uncertainties
Authors: Hou Linlin , Sun Haibin
Published: May 2019

The issue of adaptive finite-time attitude control is explored for rigid spacecraft with input quantization and measurement uncertainties, in which a hysteretic quantizer is introduced. The measurement uncertainties and external disturbances are compensated via adaptive control technique. By combining adding a power integrator technique with a new coordinate transformation, an adaptive finite-time controller is proposed to derive system states into a neighborhood of the origin in finite time. Finally, the control performance of the developed control scheme is demonstrated via simulation results.
Passive force control of multimodal astronaut training robot
Authors: Zou Yupeng , Qin Tao , Wang Nuo , Li Junqing , Xu Ming
Published: May 2019

For the purpose of solving the problem of astronaut training in weightlessness environment, this article proposes a multimodal astronaut training robot to enable astronauts to perform running, bench press and deep squat training in the weightless environment, so as to help them mitigate the adverse effects brought by the space adaptation syndrome. Taking the modularized wire driving unit as the research object, the dynamic model of the passive force servo system was established; and the passive force control strategy was designed. The experimental results show that the system is of good stability, high steady-state accuracy, and excellent dynamic quality after correction. When the given signal frequency is 10 Hz, the system phase lag is about 9°, and the loading error is about 5%. The passive force servo control strategy can effectively reduce the surplus force. When the speed disturbance frequency of carrying unit is within 3 Hz, the elimination rate of the surplus force can reach 90%.
Roles of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in regulating bone cancer pain via TRPA1 signal pathway and beneficial effects of inhibition of neuro-inflammation and TRPA1
Authors: Zhao Ding , Han Dong-Feng , Wang Si-Si , Lv Bing , Wang Xu , Ma Chi
Published: May 2019

Background

Pain is one of the most common and distressing symptoms suffered by patients with progression of bone cancer; however, the mechanisms responsible for hyperalgesia are not well understood. The purpose of our current study was to determine contributions of the sensory signaling pathways of inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 and downstream transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) to neuropathic pain induced by bone cancer. We further determined whether influencing these pathways can improve bone cancer pain.

Methods

Breast sarcocarcinoma Walker 256 cells were implanted into the tibia bone cavity of rats to induce mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. ELISA and western blot analysis were used to examine (1) the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in dorsal root ganglion and (2) protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 receptors (TNFR1 and IL-6R) and TRPA1 as well as intracellular signals (p38-MAPK and JNK).

Results

Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were elevated in the dorsal root ganglion of bone cancer rats, and expression of TNFR1, IL-6R, and TRPA1 was upregulated. In addition, inhibition of TNFR1 and IL-6R alleviated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in bone cancer rats, accompanied with downregulated TRPA1 and p38-MAPK and JNK.

Conclusions

We revealed specific signaling pathways leading to neuropathic pain during the development of bone cancer, including tumor necrosis factor-α-TRPA1 and interleukin-6-TRPA1 signal pathways. Overall, our data suggest that blocking these signals is beneficial to alleviate bone cancer pain.
Licking microstructure and hedonic changes after flavour preference learning in rats
Authors: Riordan John Edmond , Dwyer Dominic Michael
Published: May 2019

Pairing a neutral flavour conditioned stimulus (CS) with a nutrient reward will create a learned preference for that CS. Prior studies suggest that this is accompanied by an increase in the hedonic value of the CS, although the reliability of this effect is yet to be fully established. Here, flavour CS+s were mixed with either 16% sucrose or maltodextrin (with control CS-s mixed with 2% solutions of the same carbohydrate). While a reliable preference for the CS+ was seen in every case, and there was a learned increase in lick cluster size when all conditions were considered together, this difference was significant in only one experimental condition considered alone. A meta-analysis of these results and similar published licking microstructure analysis studies found that the Cohen’s dav effect size for changes in licking microstructure after flavour preference learning was 0.16. This is far smaller than the effect sizes reported when assessing learned hedonic changes in flavour preference based on other test or training methods. Although this confirms that flavour preference learning produces hedonic changes in the cue flavours, the analysis of licking microstructure with training based on voluntary consumption of CS and unconditioned stimulus (US) compounds may be an insensitive means of assessing such effects.
Transfer to the Local Stroke Center versus Direct Transfer to Endovascular Center of Acute Stroke Patients with Suspected Large Vessel Occlusion in the Catalan Territory (RACECAT): Study protocol of a cluster randomized within a cohort trial
Authors: Abilleira Sònia , Pérez de la Ossa Natalia , Jiménez Xavier , Cardona Pere , Cocho Dolores , Purroy Francisco , Serena Joaquín , Román Luis San , Urra Xabier , Vilaró Marta , Cortés Jordi , González José Antonio , Chamorro Ángel , Gallofré Miquel , Jovin Tudor , Molina Carlos , Cobo Erik , Dávalos Antoni , Ribó Marc
Published: May 2019

Rationale

Optimal pre-hospital delivery pathways for acute stroke patients suspected to harbor a large vessel occlusion have not been assessed in randomized trials.

Aim

To establish whether stroke subjects with rapid arterial occlusion evaluation scale based suspicion of large vessel occlusion evaluated by emergency medical services in the field have higher rates of favorable outcome when transferred directly to an endovascular center (endovascular treatment stroke center), as compared to the standard transfer to the closest local stroke center (local-SC).

Design

Multicenter, superiority, cluster randomized within a cohort trial with blinded endpoint assessment.

Procedure

Eligible patients must be 18 or older, have acute stroke symptoms and not have an immediate life threatening condition requiring emergent medical intervention. They must be suspected to have intracranial large vessel occlusion based on a pre-hospital rapid arterial occlusion evaluation scale of ≥5, be located in geographical areas where the default health authority assigned referral stroke center is a non-thrombectomy capable hospital, and estimated arrival at a thrombectomy capable stroke hospital in less than 7 h from time last seen well. Cluster randomization is performed according to a pre-established temporal sequence (temporal cluster design) with three strata: day/night, distance to the endovascular treatment stroke center, and week/week-end day.

Study outcome

The primary endpoint is the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days. The primary safety outcome is mortality at 90 days.

Analysis

The primary endpoint based on the modified intention-to-treat population is the distribution of modified Rankin Scale scores at 90 days analyzed under a sequential triangular design. The maximum sample size is 1754 patients, with two planned interim analyses when 701 (40%) and 1227 patients have completed follow-up. Hypothesized common odds ratio is 1.35.
The Golden Index: A classification system for player performance in football attacking plays
Authors: Pereira Tiago , Ribeiro João , Grilo Filipe , Barreira Daniel
Published: May 2019

In this study, a formula called the Golden Index was developed that calculates a value for each player according to their individual and collective performances. This method identifies the most important players, designated as Golden Players, in football attacking plays. This study was organized in two main phases: (1) selection, definition and validation, including weighting assignment, of a set of variables associated with players’ performance through application of statistical techniques to uniformize variables values that compose the Golden Index formula and (2) applicability of the Golden Index formula to quantify players’ performance of Club Atlético de Madrid over 2016-2017 season. A questionnaire was given to football experts in order to validate and determine the weight of each of the 12 variables selected. Descriptive statistics with standardization techniques were used to set the weights and uniformize each variable of the Golden Index formula. Applying the Golden Index formula to Club Atlético de Madrid 2016-2017 season named Koke, Yannick Carrasco and Filipe Luís as the Golden Players, while the centre-backs Lucas Hernández, Stefan Savić and Diego Godín and striker Fernando Torres received negative indexes. Results suggested that the Golden Index formula is a valuable and useful tool in capturing the individual and collective performance of players in attacking play in football.
Chemical Constituents of Phoebe poilanei and Their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Viet Thanh Nguyen Thi , Minh Tran Thi , Thu Hien Dinh Thi , Cuong Ho Duc , Seo Yohan , Park SeonJu , Namkung Wan , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Yen Pham Hai , Kim Seung Hyun , Kiem Phan Van
Published: May 2019

Two new flavonol glycosides, rhamnocitrin 3- O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and quercetin 3- O-6- Z- p-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), along with 3 flavonol glycosides, isoquercitrin (3), rutin (4), and quercetin 3- O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside (5), and two known sesquiterpenes, alismol (6) and spathulenol (7), were isolated from the leaves of Phoebe poilanei Kosterm. Their chemical structures were elucidated by analyses of their high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectral data and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data and comparison with those reported in the literature. Two sesquiterpenes 6 and 7 were found to exhibit moderate cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 21.6 to 29.8 µM.
Validity and Reliability of 2-Dimensional Video-Based Assessment to Analyze Foot Strike Pattern and Step Rate During Running: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Oliveira Fábio Carlos Lucas , Fredette Anny , Echeverría Sherezada Ochoa , Batcho Charles Sebiyo , Roy Jean-Sébastien
Published: May 2019

Context:

Two-dimensional (2D) video-based analysis is often used by clinicians to examine the foot strike pattern (FSP) and step rate in runners. Reliability and validity of 2D video-based analysis have been questioned.

Objective:

To synthesize the psychometric properties of 2D video-based analysis for assessing runners’ FSP and step rate while running.

Data Sources:

Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, EBSCOHost/CINAHL, and Scielo were searched from their inception to August 2018.

Study Selection:

Studies were included if (1) they were published in English, French, Portuguese or Spanish; (2) they reported at least 1 psychometric property (validity and/or reliability) of 2D video-based analysis to assess running kinematics; and (3) they assessed FSP or step rate during running.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 2.

Data Extraction:

Studies were screened for methodological (MacDermid checklist) and psychometric quality (COSMIN checklist) by 2 independent raters.

Results:

Eight studies, with a total of 702 participants, were included. Seven studies evaluated the reliability of 2D video to assess FSP and found very good to excellent reliability (0.41 ≤ κ ≤ 1.00). Two studies reported excellent reliability for the calculation of step rate (0.75 ≤ intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≤ 1.00). One study demonstrated excellent concurrent validity between 2D and 3D (gold standard) motion capture systems to determine FSP (Gwet agreement coefficient [AC] > 0.90; ICC > 0.90), and another study found excellent concurrent validity between 2D video and another device to calculate step rate (0.84 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.95).

Conclusion:

Strong evidence suggests that 2D video-based analysis is a reliable method for assessing FSP and quantifying step rate, regardless of the experience of the assessor. Limited evidence exists on the validity of 2D video-based analysis in determining FSP and calculating step rate during running.
Neuromuscular Control of Vertical Jumps in Female Adolescents
Authors: Scarborough Donna Moxley , Linderman Shannon E. , Cohen Valerie A. , Berkson Eric M. , Eckert Mary M. , Oh Luke S.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Poor landing mechanics are considered deficits in neuromuscular control and risk factors for lower extremity injury. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) has been used to assess the neuromuscular control of landing mechanics for the first landing in a drop vertical jump (DVJ) task. However, the second DVJ landing may provide different results, warranting assessment.

Hypotheses:

(1) LESS scores will differ between first and second DVJ landings across all female participants with (2) greater intraparticipant variability among the second landing compared with the first landing scores.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

A total of 13 gymnasts and 31 softball players (N = 44) performed 3 DVJ trials. The mean ± SD age of 44 female athletes was 16.46 ± 2.59 years. The LESS was scored using 2-dimensional video of each trial.

Results:

There was a significant difference between the first and second DVJ landings ( P < 0.01). All participants demonstrated higher LESS scores (worse landing mechanics) during the second DVJ landing (10.10 ± 2.25) than the first landing (6.97 ± 2.72).

Conclusion:

The initial landing in a DVJ has been the focus of neuromuscular control studies using the LESS. This study found worse neuromuscular control during the second DVJ landing, which highlights the importance of evaluating landing mechanics beyond the initial landing.

Clinical Relevance:

LESS analysis of both DVJ landings might improve neuromuscular control screening in female athletes and augment lower extremity and anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs.
Love in the First Degree: Individual Differences in First-Person Pronoun Use and Adult Romantic Attachment Styles
Authors: Dunlop William L. , Karan Alexander , Wilkinson Dulce , Harake Nicole
Published: May 2019

The current project brings together over 1,400 observations drawn from seven studies to examine relations between adult romantic attachment styles and pronoun use. In each study, participants provided autobiographical narratives from the romantic domain and completed measures assessing their attachment styles. Pronoun use in the resulting narrative material was quantified using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Across studies, anxious and avoidant attachment styles were found to relate positively with I-talk and negatively with we-talk, respectively. Furthermore, after accounting for a range of demographic (e.g., age) and psychological (e.g., neuroticism) covariates, the negative relation between avoidant attachment and we-talk remained significant. Thus, the pronouns individuals use when describing their romantic experiences provide indication of their attachment styles. As such, this project carries implications for the detection and diagnosis of romantic domain functioning.
Acute vasoreactivity testing in pediatric idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: an international survey on current practice
Authors: Caicedo Lina , Hopper Rachel , Garcia Aguilar Humberto , Ivy Dunbar , Haag Dora , Fineman Jeff , Humpl Tillman , Al‐Tamimi Omar , Feinstein Jeff A. , Berger Rolf , Rosenzweig Erika , Kashour Tarek , Diaz Gabriel Fernando , Mendoza Alberto , Krishnan Usha , Bobhate Prashant , Handler Stephanie , Lopes Antonio Augusto , Kumar Rahit Manoj , Barward Parag , Labrandero de Lera Carlos , Adatia Ian , Moledina Shahin , Abman Steven , del Cerro Maria Jesus ,   PVRI Pediatric & CHD Taskforce, PPHNET, and REHIPED registry
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to determine practice patterns and inter‐institutional variability in how acute vasoreactivity testing (AVT) is performed and interpreted in pediatrics throughout the world. A survey was offered to physicians affiliated with the Pediatric & Congenital Heart Disease Taskforce of the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute (PVRI), the Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network (PPHNET), or the Spanish Registry for Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension (REHIPED), from February to December 2016. The survey requested data about the site‐specific protocol for AVT and subsequent management of pediatric patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) or heritable PAH (HPAH). Twenty‐eight centers from 13 countries answered the survey. AVT is performed in most centers using inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Sitbon criteria was used in 39% of the centers, Barst criteria in 43%, and other criteria in 18%. First‐line therapy for positive AVT responders in functional class (FC) I/II was calcium channel blocker (CCB) in 89%, but only in 68% as monotherapy. Most centers (71%) re‐evaluated AVT‐positive patients hemodynamics after 6–12 months; 29% of centers re‐evaluated based only on clinical criteria. Most centers (64%) considered a good response as remaining in FC I or II, with near normalization of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, but a stable FC I/II alone was sufficient criteria in 25% of sites. Protocols and diagnostic criteria for AVT, and therapeutic approaches during follow‐up, were highly variable across the world. Reported clinical practice is not fully congruent with current guidelines, suggesting the need for additional studies that better define the prognostic value of AVT for pediatric IPAH patients.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients treated with aminosalicylates for ulcerative colitis: Predictive factors of response: An observational case‐control study
Authors: Marti-Aguado David , Ballester María Pilar , Tosca Joan , Bosca-Watts Marta Maia , Navarro Pablo , Anton Rosario , Pascual Isabel , Mora Francisco , Minguez Miguel
Published: May 2019

Background

Knowing patients' ulcerative colitis history is essential to selecting the appropriate therapy according to risk stratification.

Objective

To evaluate and identify predictive factors of non‐response to aminosalicylates judged as the need for a step‐up approach over time.

Methods

A case‐control study of ulcerative colitis patients treated with aminosalicylates after the diagnosis of disease flare included in the ENEIDA single‐centre registry from 1997 to 2017. Long‐term treatment maintenance with aminosalicylates and higher therapeutic requirements were recorded. The cumulative incidence of treatment escalation was estimated using Kaplan‐Meier curves and compared by the log‐rank test. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify predictive factors of treatment with immunomodulators, biological agents or surgery.

Results

A total of 457 patients were included, of whom 28% (n = 126) were non‐responders to aminosalicylates. The cumulative probability for a step‐up approach within 20 years of follow up was 35%, mainly due to steroid‐dependent colitis. Risk factors for treatment escalation were age ≤27 years (hazard ratio 2.31, 95% confidence interval 1.36–3.92), extensive colitis (hazard ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.60), Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥2 (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.02–2.06) and extraintestinal manifestations (hazard ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.03–4.05).

Conclusions

Aminosalicylates represent an effective maintenance therapy. Younger age, extensive colitis, endoscopic disease severity and extraintestinal manifestations are risk factors for higher therapeutic requirements.