bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of SH2B1 on glucose metabolism during pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Liu Beilei , Liu Xuguang , Hu Shan , Mao Shuai , Yang Manqi , Wu Bin , Wu Gang
Published: July 2023

This study mainly explored the effect and mechanism of Src homology 2 (SH2) B adaptor protein 1 (SH2B1) on cardiac glucose metabolism during pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. A pressure‐overloaded cardiac hypertrophy model was constructed, and SH2B1‐siRNA was injected through the tail vein. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect myocardial morphology. ANP, BNP, β‐MHC and the diameter of myocardial fibres were quantitatively measured to evaluate the degree of cardiac hypertrophy, respectively. GLUT1, GLUT4, and IR were detected to assess cardiac glucose metabolism. Cardiac function was determined by echocardiography. Then, glucose oxidation and uptake, glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism were assessed in Langendorff perfusion of hearts. Finally, PI3K/AKT activator was used to further explore the relevant mechanism. The results showed that during cardiac pressure overload, with the aggravation of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, cardiac glucose metabolism and glycolysis increased, and fatty acid metabolism decreased. After SH2B1‐siRNA transfection, cardiac SH2B1 expression was knocked down, and the degree of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction was alleviated compared with the Control‐siRNA transfected group. Simultaneously, cardiac glucose metabolism and glycolysis were reduced, and fatty acid metabolism was enhanced. The SH2B1 expression knockdown mitigated the cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction by reducing cardiac glucose metabolism. After using PI3K/AKT activator, the effect of SH2B1 expression knockdown on cardiac glucose metabolism was reversed during cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Collectively, SH2B1 regulated cardiac glucose metabolism by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway during pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction.
A two‐step approach to detect and understand dismisinformation events occurring in social media: A case study with critical times
Authors: Yang Seungwon , Chung Haeyong , Singh Dipak , Shams Shayan
Published: July 2023

This article describes a novel two‐step approach of detecting and understanding dis/misinformation events in social media that occur during disasters and crisis events. To detect false news events, we designed a deep learning‐based detection algorithm and then trained it with a transfer learning scheme so that the algorithm could decide whether a given group of rumor‐related tweets is a dis/misinformation event. For understanding how dis/misinformation was diffused in social networks and identifying those who are responsible for creating and consuming false information, we present DismisInfoVis, which consists of various visualisations, including a social network graph, a map, line charts, pie charts, and bar charts. By integrating these deep learning and multi‐view visualisation techniques, we could gain a deeper insight into dis/misinformation events in social media from multiple angles. We describe in detail the implementation, training process, and performance evaluations of the detection algorithm and the design and utilization of DismisInfoVis for dis/misinformation data analyses. We hope that this study will contribute to improving the quality of information generated and shared on social media during critical times, eventually helping both the affected and the general public recover from the impacts of disasters and crisis events.
Estimating admixture pedigrees of recent hybrids without a contiguous reference genome
Authors: Garcia‐Erill Genís , Hanghøj Kristian , Heller Rasmus , Wiuf Carsten , Albrechtsen Anders
Published: July 2023

The genome of recently admixed individuals or hybrids has characteristic genetic patterns that can be used to learn about their recent admixture history. One of these are patterns of interancestry heterozygosity, which can be inferred from SNP data from either called genotypes or genotype likelihoods, without the need for information on genomic location. This makes them applicable to a wide range of data that are often used in evolutionary and conservation genomic studies, such as low‐depth sequencing mapped to scaffolds and reduced representation sequencing. Here we implement maximum likelihood estimation of interancestry heterozygosity patterns using two complementary models. We furthermore develop apoh (Admixture Pedigrees of Hybrids), a software that uses estimates of paired ancestry proportions to detect recently admixed individuals or hybrids, and to suggest possible admixture pedigrees. It furthermore calculates several hybrid indices that make it easier to identify and rank possible admixture pedigrees that could give rise to the estimated patterns. We implemented apoh both as a command line tool and as a Graphical User Interface that allows the user to automatically and interactively explore, rank and visualize compatible recent admixture pedigrees, and calculate the different summary indices. We validate the performance of the method using admixed family trios from the 1000 Genomes Project. In addition, we show its applicability on identifying recent hybrids from RAD‐seq data of Grant's gazelle (Nanger granti and Nanger petersii) and whole genome low‐depth data of waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) which shows complex admixture of up to four populations.
Psychological predictors of acute postoperative pain after total knee and hip arthroplasty: A systematic review
Authors: Springborg Anders H. , Visby Lasse , Kehlet Henrik , Foss Nicolai B.
Published: July 2023

Background

Identifying patients at high risk of acute postoperative pain after total knee or hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA) will facilitate individualized pain management and research on the efficacy of treatment options. Numerous studies have reported that psychological patient factors may influence acute postoperative pain, but most reviews have focused on chronic pain and functional outcomes. This systematic review aims to evaluate which psychological metrics are associated with acute postoperative pain after TKA and THA.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until June 2022. Full‐text articles reporting associations of preoperative psychological factors with acute pain within 48 h of TKA or THA surgery were identified. Quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool.

Results

Eighteen studies containing 16 unique study populations were included. TKA was the most common procedure, and anxiety and depression were the most evaluated psychological metrics. Several different anesthetic techniques and analgesic regimens were used. The studies were generally rated as having a low to moderate risk of bias. Catastrophizing was associated with acute pain in six studies (of nine), mainly after TKA. In contrast, three studies (of 13) and two studies (of 13) found anxiety and depression, respectively, to be associated with acute postoperative pain.

Conclusion

Pain catastrophizing seemed to be the most consistent psychological predictor of acute postoperative pain after TKA. The results for other psychological factors and THA were inconsistent. However, the interpretation of results was limited by considerable methodological heterogeneity.
Scrutiny of genome‐wide somatic mutation profiles in centenarians identifies the key genomic regions for human longevity
Authors: Wang Hao‐Tian , Zhao Long , Yang Li‐Qin , Ge Ming‐Xia , Yang Xing‐Li , Gao Zong‐Liang , Cun Yu‐Peng , Xiao Fu‐Hui , Kong Qing‐Peng
Published: July 2023

Somatic mutations accumulate with age and are associated closely with human health, their characterization in longevity cohorts remains largely unknown. Here, by analyzing whole genome somatic mutation profiles in 73 centenarians and 51 younger controls in China, we found that centenarian genomes are characterized by a markedly skewed distribution of somatic mutations, with many genomic regions being specifically conserved but displaying a high function potential. This, together with the observed more efficient DNA repair ability in the long‐lived individuals, supports the existence of key genomic regions for human survival during aging, with their integrity being of essential to human longevity.
Approach–avoidance behavior and motor‐specific modulation towards smoking‐related cues in smokers
Authors: Song Yuyu , Pi Yanling , Tan Xiaoying , Xia Xue , Liu Yu , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2023

Aims

By performing three transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) experiments, we measured the motor‐specific modulatory mechanisms in the primary motor cortex (M1) at both the intercortical and intracortical levels when smokers actively approach or avoid smoking‐related cues.

Design, Setting and Participants

For all experiments, the design was group (smokers versus non‐smokers) × action (approach versus avoidance) × image type (neutral versus smoking‐related). The study was conducted at the Shanghai University of Sport, CHN, TMS Laboratory. For experiment 1, 30 non‐smokers and 30 smokers; for experiment 2, 16 non‐smokers and 16 smokers; for experiment 3, 16 non‐smokers and 16 smokers.

Measurements

For all experiments, the reaction times were measured using the smoking stimulus–response compatibility task. While performing the task, single‐pulse TMS was applied to the M1 in experiment 1 to measure the excitability of the corticospinal pathways, and paired‐pulse TMS was applied to the M1 in experiments 2 and 3 to measure the activity of intracortical facilitation (ICF) and short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) circuits, respectively.

Findings

Smokers had faster responses when approaching smoking‐related cues (F1,58 = 36.660, P < 0.001,
p2 = 0.387), accompanied by higher excitability of the corticospinal pathways (F1,58 = 10.980, P = 0.002,
p2 = 0.159) and ICF circuits (F1,30 = 22.187, P < 0.001,
p2 = 0.425), while stronger SICI effects were observed when they avoided these cues (F1,30 = 10.672, P = 0.003,
p2 = 0.262).

Conclusions

Smokers appear to have shorter reaction times, higher motor‐evoked potentials and stronger intracortical facilitation effects when performing approach responses to smoking‐related cues and longer reaction times, a lower primary motor cortex descending pathway excitability and a stronger short‐interval intracortical inhibition effect when avoiding them.
A randomised controlled trial of prehabilitation in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery
Authors: Akowuah E. F. , Wagnild J. M. , Bardgett M. , Prichard J. G. , Mathias A. , Harrison S. L. , Ogundimu E. O. , Hancock H. C. , Maier R. H. ,   the PREPs Trial investigators
Published: July 2023

The feasibility, safety and efficacy of prehabilitation in adult patients awaiting elective cardiac surgery are unknown. A total of 180 participants undergoing elective cardiac surgery were allocated randomly to receive either standard pre‐operative care or prehabilitation, consisting of pre‐operative exercise and inspiratory muscle training. The primary outcome was change in six‐minute walk test distance from baseline to pre‐operative assessment. Secondary outcomes included change in inspiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory pressure); sarcopenia (handgrip strength); quality of life and compliance. Safety outcomes were pre‐specified surgical and pulmonary complications and adverse events. All outcomes were assessed at baseline; at pre‐operative assessment; and 6 and 12 weeks following surgery. Mean (SD) age was 64.7 (10.2) years; 33/180 (18%) were women. In total, 65/91 (71.4%) participants who were allocated to prehabilitation attended at least four of eight supervised in‐hospital exercise classes; participants aged > 50 years were more likely than younger participants to attend (odds ratio (95%CI) of 4.6 (1.0–25.1)). Six‐minute walk test was not significantly different between groups (mean difference (95%CI) ‐7.8 m (‐30.6–15.0), p = 0.503) in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. Subgroup analyses based on tests for interaction indicated improvements in six‐minute walk test distance were larger amongst sarcopenic patients in the prehabilitation group (p = 0.004). Change in maximal inspiratory pressure from baseline to all time‐points was significantly greater in the prehabilitation group, with the greatest mean difference (95%CI) observed 12 weeks after surgery (10.6 cmH2O (4.6–16.6) cmH2O, p < 0.001). There were no differences in handgrip strength or quality of life up to 12 weeks after surgery. There was no significant difference in postoperative mortality (one death in each group), surgical or pulmonary complications. Of 71 pre‐operative adverse events, six (8.5%) were related to prehabilitation. The combination of exercise and inspiratory muscle training in a prehabilitation intervention before cardiac surgery was not superior to standard care in improving functional exercise capacity measured by six‐minute walk test distance pre‐operatively. Future trials should target patients living with sarcopenia and include inspiratory muscle strength training.
Experiences of patients enrolled and staff involved in the prehabilitation of elective patients undergoing cardiac surgery trial: a nested qualitative study
Authors: Harrison S. L. , Loughran K. J. , Trevis J. , Witharana P. , Maier R. , Hancock H. , Bardgett M. , Mathias A. , Akowuah E. F.
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to understand the views and experiences of patients enrolled and staff involved in the prehabilitation of elective patients undergoing cardiac surgery trial. This sub‐study was informed by normalisation process theory, a framework for evaluating complex interventions, and used consecutive sampling to recruit patients assigned to both the intervention and control groups. Patients and all staff involved in delivering the trial were invited to participate in focus groups, which were recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to reflexive thematic analysis. Five focus groups were held comprising 24 participants in total (nine patients assigned to the prehabilitation; seven assigned to control; and eight staff). Five themes were identified. First, preparedness for surgery reduced fear, where participants described that knowing what to expect from surgery and preparing the body physically increased feelings of control and subsequently reduced apprehension regarding surgery. Second, staff were concerned but trusted in a safe environment, describing how, despite staff's concerns regarding the risks of exercise in this population, the patients felt safe in their care whilst participating in an exercise programme in hospital. Third, rushing for recovery and the curious carer, where patients from both groups wanted to mobilise quickly postoperatively whilst staff visited patients on the ward to observe their recovery progress. Fourth, to survive and thrive postoperatively, reflecting staff and patients' expectations from the trial and what motivated them to participate. Fifth, benefits are diluted by lengthy waiting periods, reflecting the frustration felt by patients waiting for their surgery after completing the intervention and the fear about continuing exercise at home before they had been ‘fixed’. To conclude, functional exercise capacity may not have improved following prehabilitation in people before elective cardiac surgery due to concerns regarding the safety of exercise that may have hindered delivery and receipt of the intervention. Instead, numerous non‐physical benefits were elicited. The information from this qualitative study offers valuable recommendations regarding refining a prehabilitation intervention and conducting a subsequent trial.
Unassisted steering
Authors: Heatherington Tracey
Published: July 2023

This composition is part of a special section of one‐hundred‐word pieces celebrating the inspiration of Katie Stewart. It juxtaposes brief vignettes from early fieldwork on a Mediterranean island.
Assessment of generalised Bayesian structural equation models for continuous and binary data
Authors: Vamvourellis Konstantinos , Kalogeropoulos Konstantinos , Moustaki Irini
Published: July 2023

The paper proposes a novel model assessment paradigm aiming to address shortcoming of posterior predictive ‐values, which provide the default metric of fit for Bayesian structural equation modelling (BSEM). The model framework presented in the paper focuses on the approximate zero approach (Psychological Methods, 17, 2012, 313), which involves formulating certain parameters (such as factor loadings) to be approximately zero through the use of informative priors, instead of explicitly setting them to zero. The introduced model assessment procedure monitors the out‐of‐sample predictive performance of the fitted model, and together with a list of guidelines we provide, one can investigate whether the hypothesised model is supported by the data. We incorporate scoring rules and cross‐validation to supplement existing model assessment metrics for BSEM. The proposed tools can be applied to models for both continuous and binary data. The modelling of categorical and non‐normally distributed continuous data is facilitated with the introduction of an item‐individual random effect. We study the performance of the proposed methodology via simulation experiments as well as real data on the ‘Big‐5’ personality scale and the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence.
Internal audit in microfinance institutions‐ evidence from transitional and developing economies
Authors: Omidiji Abiodun , Redmayne Nives Botica , Ehalaiye Dimu , Gyapong Ernest
Published: July 2023

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) are hybrid organisations that strive to balance business and social goals. This paper examines the determinants of the internal audit (IA) function in MFIs, with particular emphasis on the business goals, specifically efficiency, productivity, regulation and the gross portfolio yield. We also investigate whether the establishment of an IA function is associated with MFI's focus on their social objectives relating to outreach, and women director appointments. Multivariate regression results from 1025 MFIs across 63 countries show that MFIs' focus on their social objectives is related to their propensity to establish an IA function. Thus, outreach and women director appointments are positively related to the establishment of an IA function. Similarly, in terms of the performance emphasis, the gross portfolio yield (inefficiency) increases (decreases) the likelihood of establishing an IA, but productivity and regulation have no effect. The findings suggest that MFIs' dual focus on social and business objectives impacts the establishment of internal audits. The results are robust to various measurements and estimations.
Industrial fisheries have reversed the carbon sequestration by tuna carcasses into emissions
Authors: Mouillot David , Derminon Suzie , Mariani Gaël , Senina Inna , Fromentin Jean‐Marc , Lehodey Patrick , Troussellier Marc
Published: July 2023

To limit climate warming to 2°C above preindustrial levels, most economic sectors will need a rapid transformation toward a net zero emission of CO2. Tuna fisheries is a key food production sector that burns fossil fuel to operate but also reduces the deadfall of large‐bodied fish so the capacity of this natural carbon pump to deep sea. Yet, the carbon balance of tuna populations, so the net difference between CO2 emission due to industrial exploitation and CO2 sequestration by fish deadfall after natural mortality, is still unknown. Here, by considering the dynamics of two main contrasting tuna species (Katsuwonus pelamis and Thunnus obesus) across the Pacific since the 1980s, we show that most tuna populations became CO2 sources instead of remaining natural sinks. Without considering the supply chain, the main factors associated with this shift are exploitation rate, transshipment intensity, fuel consumption, and climate change. Our study urges for a better global ocean stewardship, by curbing subsidies and limiting transshipment in remote international waters, to quickly rebuild most pelagic fish stocks above their target management reference points and reactivate a neglected carbon pump toward the deep sea as an additional Nature Climate Solution in our portfolio. Even if this potential carbon sequestration by surface unit may appear low compared to that of coastal ecosystems or tropical forests, the ocean covers a vast area and the sinking biomass of dead vertebrates can sequester carbon for around 1000 years in the deep sea. We also highlight the multiple co‐benefits and trade‐offs from engaging the industrial fisheries sector with carbon neutrality.
Long‐term forecast of thermal mortality with climate warming in riverine amphipods
Authors: Verberk Wilco C. E. P. , Hoefnagel K. Natan , Peralta‐Maraver Ignacio , Floury Mathieu , Rezende Enrico L.
Published: July 2023

Forecasting long‐term consequences of global warming requires knowledge on thermal mortality and how heat stress interacts with other environmental stressors on different timescales. Here, we describe a flexible analytical framework to forecast mortality risks by combining laboratory measurements on tolerance and field temperature records. Our framework incorporates physiological acclimation effects, temporal scale differences and the ecological reality of fluctuations in temperature, and other factors such as oxygen. As a proof of concept, we investigated the heat tolerance of amphipods Dikerogammarus villosus and Echinogammarus trichiatus in the river Waal, the Netherlands. These organisms were acclimated to different temperatures and oxygen levels. By integrating experimental data with high‐resolution field data, we derived the daily heat mortality probabilities for each species under different oxygen levels, considering current temperatures as well as 1 and 2°C warming scenarios. By expressing heat stress as a mortality probability rather than a upper critical temperature, these can be used to calculate cumulative annual mortality, allowing the scaling up from individuals to populations. Our findings indicate a substantial increase in annual mortality over the coming decades, driven by projected increases in summer temperatures. Thermal acclimation and adequate oxygenation improved heat tolerance and their effects were magnified on longer timescales. Consequently, acclimation effects appear to be more effective than previously recognized and crucial for persistence under current temperatures. However, even in the best‐case scenario, mortality of D. villosus is expected to approach 100% by 2100, while E. trichiatus appears to be less vulnerable with mortality increasing to 60%. Similarly, mortality risks vary spatially: In southern, warmer rivers, riverine animals will need to shift from the main channel toward the cooler head waters to avoid thermal mortality. Overall, this framework generates high‐resolution forecasts on how rising temperatures, in combination with other environmental stressors such as hypoxia, impact ecological communities.
Property investment and the making of the ambivalent elective Polish diaspora in Israel
Authors: Shmuel Irit , Cohen Nir , Bielewska Agnieszka , Zaban Hila
Published: July 2023

The article explores investment decisions made by Israelis who purchased or intended to purchase a residential property in Poland. Specifically, it focuses on their set of motivations to invest there and the extent to which their ethno‐national or other types of affinity with the country played a role in their decision. Drawing on interviews with (Jewish) Israeli citizens, we argue that their Choice to invest in Poland was not only financial but influenced also by strong emotional connections to the country, a combination we term ‘sentrumental’ (instrumental and sentimental). We contend that the decision of Israeli Jews to buy property in Poland, against the historical backdrop of the traumatic experience of Jews there, is highly contentious. Analyzing the discursive strategies they use to explain, indeed justify, their unorthodox decision, we show how their emotional ties to Poland often conflict with its controversial history and their own personal identities. It is this conflict, we conclude, that makes Israeli Jews with various biographical ties to Poland an inherently ambivalent elective diaspora.
VALIDITY NOW
Authors: MARCHAND SUZANNE
Published: July 2023

This review essay offers an extended analysis of Martin Jay's Genesis and Validity: The Theory and Practice of Intellectual History, highlighting Jay's emphasis on the need for intellectual historians to address the question of the present‐day validity of ideas. In this volume of essays on twentieth‐century philosophy and historiography, Jay contends that the perennial tension between historicism and truth value is integral to intellectual history; however, it is establishing the latter that is the most crucial, and perhaps most difficult, part of our practice. In thirteen separate but related pieces, Jay explores subjects such as the common ground shared by Quentin Skinner and Hayden White, the “styles” of thought represented by Walter Benjamin and Isaiah Berlin, and recent French theories of the historical sublime and the “advent” of ideas. This review essay discusses these pieces and compares Jay's essay on historical truthfulness to ancient rhetorical discussions of the many forms of lying about history. Its final section deals with the ways in which insights from the history of science might help us to connect genesis and validity by examining the practices of idea‐ or knowledge‐making, and it argues that validity is also, and perhaps most importantly, something we need to embrace in our roles as teachers. What makes ideas valid is the next generation of thinkers, and to make wise and well‐informed life choices, they need to have a full range of older and newer ideas about the human condition from which to choose.
Dental hygienists and dentists as providers of brush biopsies for oral mucosa screening
Authors: Edman Kristina , Stark Christina Runow , Basic Vladimir , Lindblad Joakim , Hirsch Jan‐Michaél
Published: July 2023

Background

Oral cancer is a severe and potentially fatal disease usually starting in the squamous epithelium lining the oral cavity. Together with oropharyngeal carcinoma, it is the fifth to sixth most common malignancy worldwide. To limit the increase in the global oral cancer incidence over the past two decades, the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution urging member states to integrate preventive measures such as engagement and training of dental personnel in screening, early diagnosis, and treatment into their national cancer control programs.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate if dental hygienists (DHs) and dentists (Ds) in general dental practice care can be entrusted to perform brush sampling of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and to evaluate their level of comfort in performing brush biopsies.

Methods

Participants were five DHs and five Ds who received one day of theoretical and clinical training in oral pathology to identify OPMDs (leukoplakia [LP], erythroplakia [EP], and oral lichen planus [OLP]), and perform brush sampling for PAP cytology and high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) analysis.

Results

Out of 222 collected samples, 215 were adequate for morphological assessment and hrHPV analysis. All the participants agreed that sample collection can be incorporated in DHs and Ds routine clinical duties, and most of them reported that sample collection and processing was easy/quite easy.

Conclusion

Dentists and DHs are capable of collecting satisfactory material for cytology and hrHPV analysis. All the participating DHs and Ds were of the opinion that brush sampling could be handled routinely by DHs and Ds in GDP.
Heterogeneity of T cells in periapical lesions and in vitro validation of the proangiogenic effect of GZMA on HUVECs
Authors: Lin Xinwei , Lv Xiaomin , Li Baoyu , Meng Qingzhen , Lai Hongbin , Gong Qimei , Tong Zhongchun
Published: July 2023

Aim

T cells are key immunomodulatory cells in periapical lesions. This study aimed to explore the roles of T cells in chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) using single‐cell RNA sequencing and to further investigate Granzyme A (GZMA) in angiogenesis regulation.

Methodology

A total of five CAP samples were collected for single‐cell RNA sequencing. We performed subcluster and lineage‐tracing analyses for T cells. According to differential gene expression, distinct biological functions enriched in T cells of CAP were presented by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and compared with healthy gingiva (data obtained from the GEO database). CellChat was used to explore potential ligand–receptor interactions between T cells and endothelial cells in CAP. The coculture of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Jurkat T cells, as well as the addition of GZMA recombinant protein, was used to validate the predicted pair of GZMA and coagulation factor II thrombin receptor (F2R) by RT‐PCR, angiogenesis and migration assays.

Results

A transcriptomic atlas of 44 746 individual cells was constructed from the periapical lesions of five patients with CAP by single‐cell RNA‐seq, and eight cell types were identified. We identified nine subsets of T cells and deciphered the cellular heterogeneity of T cells in CAP at the functional level by subclustering and GSEA. Lineage tracing revealed a distinct lineage of T cells in CAP and predicted the transition of the T cellular state upon CAP. GSEA revealed multiple biological processes and relevant angiogenesis genes upregulated in CAP T cells. GZMA‐F2R pairs were predicted by cell–cell interactions in CAP. High expression of GZMA and F2R was observed in the coculture of HUVECs and Jurkat T cells, and the proangiogenic capacity of the GZMA recombinant protein was emphasized by in vitro experiments.

Conclusions

Our study provides novel insights into the heterogeneity of T cells in periapical lesions and reveals the potential role of GZMA in T cells in regulating angiogenesis in HUVECs.
White‐light emission and red scintillation from Mn2+ ions single‐doped aluminum‐silicate glasses
Authors: Hua Zhehao , Tang Gao , Wei Qinhua , Qin Laishun , Huang Youqiang , Cai Peiqing , Bai Gongxun , Zhou Zhenzhen , Zhou Gang , Ren Jing , Sui Zexuan , Qian Sen , Wang Zhigang
Published: July 2023

A series of Mn2+ single‐doped 0.2Gd2O3‐0.2Al2O3‐0.6SiO2 (GAS: xMn2+) glasses with Si3N4 as reducing agent were prepared. The presence of [SiO4‐x] defects and Mn2+ ions was determined from the absorption and excitation spectra of the glasses. With the increase of Mn2+ concentration, the intensity of blue emission decreases, while the intensity of red emission increases. The color coordinate of GAS: 6Mn2+ glass is (0.264, 0.226). The lifetime of the glasses was tested. Under the monitoring of 440 nm, the fast components (τf) are between 17 and 85 μs, and the slow components (τs) are between 200–650 μs. The former belongs to [SiO4‐x] defects, and the latter is [4E(G), 4A1(G)]→6A1(S) transition of Mn2+ ions. Under the monitoring at 630 nm, the τf are between 110 and 300 μs, and the τs are between 680 and 1220 μs, which are due to 4T1(G)→6A1(S) transition of Mn2+ ions and Mn2+ pairs, respectively. The energy transfer mechanism of [SiO4‐x] defect→Mn2+ ions are explained. The efficient [SiO4‐x] defect →Mn2+ ions energy transfer process was demonstrated by time‐resolved photoluminescence, and the energy transfer efficiency is over 85%. The maximum photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of the glasses can reach 15.87%. The thermal activation energy of the glasses was calculated. In addition, X‐ray excited red luminescence spectra and the mechanism of the glasses were investigated.
Evaluating possible improvements in indwelling urinary catheter insertion from nurses' point of view: A pilot comparative study of simulated insertion between the novel T‐Control® and a Foley‐type catheter
Authors: Molina‐Mazón C. S. , Serrano M. , Luque L. , Armas C. , Mòdol M. , Endrényi S. , Luque M.
Published: July 2023

The aims of this study are to simulate the insertion of the new T‐Control® urinary catheter with experienced healthcare professionals in bladder catheterisation and evaluate the usability and functionality of the new catheter compared to conventional Foley‐type catheter open and closed systems. A small‐scale quantitative study was conducted with 11 professionals who had a minimum of 3 years of professional experience, and 1 year of experience in bladder catheterisation. To test the advantages of the new T‐Control® urinary catheter, a Living Lab, which is an instrument designed to test innovative solutions in real‐life environments with users, was performed. The catheters used in the simulation were: a conventional Foley‐type catheter in an open system, a conventional Foley‐type catheter in a closed system, and the new T‐Control® catheter. The participants evaluated the insertions through a satisfaction questionnaire and by a nurse expert utilizing a usability questionnaire after the complete visualization of the Living Lab was recorded. T‐Control® reduced by 27.3% the contamination of the urine collection bag and the contamination of the urine collection bag connector. Accidental spillages when connecting the urine collection bag were also reduced by 54.5% using the T‐Control® catheter, reducing the workload and reducing occupational accidents before connecting the urine bag. The trainer considered satisfactory 9/12 T‐Control® insertions performed, improving the number of satisfactory insertions observed with the Foley‐type catheter open and closed systems (with 3/12 and 7/12 results respectively). T‐Control® was the best‐rated product by the participants, requiring less time, and physical and mental effort. Fifty percent of the nurses would exclusively recommend T‐Control® in their units, while the other half would recommend it in combination with others. The insertion of T‐Control® makes the bladder catheterisation procedure easier and safer. The preparation of the sterile field requires less material since it does not include the urine collection bag while the fluid‐controlling system favours the reduction of contamination and accidental spillages. Based on the nurses’ evaluation, T‐Control® with its integrated urine‐controlling system could bring additional benefits to the healthcare staff for catheterisation.
Exploration–Exploitation: How business analytics powers organisational ambidexterity for environmental sustainability
Authors: Shi Yunfei , Van Toorn Christine , McEwan Mikayla
Published: July 2023

Simultaneous exploration and exploitation (i.e., exploration–exploitation) can help a firm address short‐term environmental requirements and ensure long‐term environmental viability. Exploration–exploitation, however, challenges organisational practices because they compete for resources and time. While business analytics (BA) offers the potential to overcome these challenges, research to date offers very limited insights into how BA capabilities interact with ambidextrous capabilities to realise environmental value. We address this issue by conducting a comparative case study at a bank and at a real‐estate trust through the theoretical lens of dynamic capabilities. We develop a process model to explain how BA powers ambidextrous practices to achieve sustainability outcomes over time. We uncover two mechanisms: a BA‐powered context shaping mechanism by which BA powers contextual ambidexterity at the employee level using data availability, timeliness, and analytics culture; and a BA‐powered resource linking mechanism by which BA powers structural ambidexterity at intra‐ and inter‐organisational levels using holistic insights and analytics leadership. Our model highlights the contextual factors that condition the extent to which a firm moves along the continuum of exploration–exploitation. We also define a new dimension of sustainability outcomes which we label eco‐awareness to explain how BA shapes employees' environmental alertness and enables the paradigm shift in an organisation's sustainability mindset.
The involvement of the T6SS vgrG gene in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
Authors: Yang Dou , Zhao Lingmin , Li Qi , Huang Lixing , Qin Yingxue , Wang Pan , Zhu Chuanzhong , Yan Qingpi
Published: July 2023

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, the causative agent of white spot disease of large yellow croaker, has caused serious economic losses to the aquaculture industry. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a significant virulence system widely distributed among Gram‐negative bacteria. VgrG, a structural and core component of T6SS, is crucial to the function of T6SS. To explore the biological profiles mediated by vgrG gene and its effects on the pathogenicity of P. plecoglossicida, the vgrG gene deletion (ΔvgrG) strain and complementary (C‐ΔvgrG) strain were constructed and the differences in pathogenicity and virulence‐related characteristics between different strains were analysed. The results showed that vgrG gene deletion significantly affected the virulence‐related characteristics of P. plecoglossicida, including chemotaxis, adhesion, and biofilm formation. In addition, the LD50 of ΔvgrG strain was nearly 50‐fold higher than that of the NZBD9 strain. Transcriptome data analysis suggested that the vgrG gene may affect the virulence of P. plecoglossicida by regulating the quorum sensing pathway to inhibit the secretion of virulence factors and affect biofilm formation. Besides, deletion of the vgrG gene may reduce bacterial pathogenicity by affecting bacterial signal transduction processes and the ability to adapt to chemotactic substances.
Multiple‐Principal Demands and CEO Compliance in Emerging Market State‐Owned Enterprises
Authors: Apriliyanti Indri Dwi , Dieleman Marleen , Randøy Trond
Published: July 2023

This study addresses multiple‐principal–agent power dynamics in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) in emerging markets. We investigate under what conditions agents (CEOs) accede to demands of government‐linked principals. Our qualitative study in Indonesia advances agency theory by disaggregating and categorizing government‐linked principals. We also examine three types of principals’ demands (commercial, social, and private) and five types of mechanisms influence agent responses with principals’ private demands (collusion among prin‐cipals, career‐ending threats by principals, plausible deniability through CSR, political ties as enabler, political ties as buffer). Based on our findings and on insights from the public adminis‐tration literature, we develop a conceptual framework that advances multiple agency theory.
What are the priorities for health data for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities? It varies by whom you ask
Authors: Krahn Gloria , Cargill‐Willis Katherine , Raymond Meredith , Bonardi Alexandra , Havercamp Susan , Johnson Jennifer
Published: July 2023

Numerous countries have recognized the need for improved surveillance data on the health of persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Federal agencies need additional information about the prevalence and health of persons with IDD to guide decisions about policies and programs. Without such data, health inequities and health needs of people with IDD can go unrecognized and be ignored, and resources may be misdirected. The priority areas for needed information, however, have not been well documented. To determine priorities for health data for persons with IDD, we conducted focus groups with three types of stakeholders from around the United States: researchers/practitioners, adults with IDD, and family members. Focus group dialogue was coded for themes and compared across stakeholder categories. Themes common to all groups included valuing people with IDD and respecting their self‐determination; affirming the need for data including longitudinal data; holding a holistic view of physical, mental, social, and sexual health; and access to quality health care, medications, and assistive equipment. Each group also contributed unique ideas such as importance of trust for disclosure of private information, stereotypes and discrimination, and social influences on health. Stakeholders identified specific health conditions to monitor, including COVID‐19. Findings have implications for establishing a health surveillance data system and for practice more generally. Health needs to be considered holistically, including physical, mental, social, and sexual health. A data framework needs to extend beyond a cross‐sectional comparative framework to include longitudinal tracking and monitoring conditions unique to persons with IDD. People with IDD may not trust nor disclose sensitive information about their disability and health to support persons and surveyors, which has implications for under‐reporting of prevalence of IDD and validity of proxy‐reporting. Input from multiple stakeholders is fundamental to developing a usable and relevant data collection system.
Self‐applied somnography: technical feasibility of electroencephalography and electro‐oculography signal characteristics in sleep staging of suspected sleep‐disordered adults
Authors: Rusanen Matias , Korkalainen Henri , Gretarsdottir Heidur , Siilak Tiina , Olafsdottir Kristin Anna , Töyräs Juha , Myllymaa Sami , Arnardottir Erna Sif , Leppänen Timo , Kainulainen Samu
Published: July 2023

Sleep recordings are increasingly being conducted in patients’ homes where patients apply the sensors themselves according to instructions. However, certain sensor types such as cup electrodes used in conventional polysomnography are unfeasible for self‐application. To overcome this, self‐applied forehead montages with electroencephalography and electro‐oculography sensors have been developed. We evaluated the technical feasibility of a self‐applied electrode set from Nox Medical (Reykjavik, Iceland) through home sleep recordings of healthy and suspected sleep‐disordered adults (n = 174) in the context of sleep staging. Subjects slept with a double setup of conventional type II polysomnography sensors and self‐applied forehead sensors. We found that the self‐applied electroencephalography and electro‐oculography electrodes had acceptable impedance levels but were more prone to losing proper skin–electrode contact than the conventional cup electrodes. Moreover, the forehead electroencephalography signals recorded using the self‐applied electrodes expressed lower amplitudes (difference 25.3%–43.9%, p < 0.001) and less absolute power (at 1–40 Hz, p < 0.001) than the polysomnography electroencephalography signals in all sleep stages. However, the signals recorded with the self‐applied electroencephalography electrodes expressed more relative power (p < 0.001) at very low frequencies (0.3–1.0 Hz) in all sleep stages. The electro‐oculography signals recorded with the self‐applied electrodes expressed comparable characteristics with standard electro‐oculography. In conclusion, the results support the technical feasibility of the self‐applied electroencephalography and electro‐oculography for sleep staging in home sleep recordings, after adjustment for amplitude differences, especially for scoring Stage N3 sleep.
Comparative investigation of various modification methods on Trachypenaeus Curvirostris surimi gel: Gelling properties, rheological behaviors and structure characteristics
Authors: Hu Qiuyue , Ma Fuhao , Wei Huamao , Yang Wenge , Deng Shanggui , Yu Xunxin , Huang Tao
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to compare the investigations of various contents of egg white protein (2.0%–8.0%, EWP), microbial transglutaminase (0.1%–0.4%, MTGase), and konjac glucomannan (0.5%–2.0%, KGM) on the gelling properties and rheological behavior of Trachypenaeus Curvirostris shrimp surimi gel (SSG), and assessed the modification mechanisms through the analysis of structure characteristics. The findings suggested that all modified SSG samples (expect SSG‐KGM2.0%) had the higher gelling properties and the denser network structure than those of unmodified SSG. Meanwhile, EWP could give SSG a better appearance than MTGase and KGM. Rheological results showed that SSG‐EWP6% and SSG‐KGM1.0% had the highest G′ and G″, demonstrating that the formation of higher levels of elasticity and hardness. All modifications could increase gelation rates of SSG along with the reduction of G″ during the degeneration of protein. According to the FTIR results, three modification methods changed SSG protein conformation with the increasing α‐helix and β‐sheet contents and the decreasing of random coil content. LF‐NMR results indicated that more free water could be transformed into immobilized water in the modified SSG gels, which contributed to improve the gelling properties. Furthermore, molecular forces showed that EWP and KGM could further increase the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction in SSG gels, while MTGase could induce the formation of more disulfide bonds. Thus, compared with another two modifications, EWP modified SSG gels showed the highest gelling properties.
The glycoside hydrolase 28 member VdEPG1 is a virulence factor of Verticillium dahliae and interacts with the jasmonic acid pathway‐related gene GhOPR9
Authors: Liu Shichao , Liu Ruibing , Lv Junyuan , Feng Zili , Wei Feng , Zhao Lihong , Zhang Yalin , Zhu Heqin , Feng Hongjie
Published: July 2023

Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family members act as virulence factors and regulate plant immune responses during pathogen infection. Here, we characterized the GH28 family member endopolygalacturonase VdEPG1 in Verticillium dahliae. VdEPG1 acts as a virulence factor during V. dahliae infection. The expression level of VdEPG1 was greatly increased in V. dahliae inoculated on cotton roots. VdEPG1 suppressed VdNLP1‐mediated cell death by modulating pathogenesis‐related genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. Knocking out VdEPG1 led to a significant decrease in the pathogenicity of V. dahliae in cotton. The deletion strains were more susceptible to osmotic stress and the ability of V. dahliae to utilize carbon sources was deficient. In addition, the deletion strains lost the ability to penetrate cellophane membrane, with mycelia showing a disordered arrangement on the membrane, and spore development was affected. A jasmonic acid (JA) pathway‐related gene, GhOPR9, was identified as interacting with VdEPG1 in the yeast two‐hybrid system. The interaction was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation imaging assays in N. benthamiana leaves. GhOPR9 plays a positive role in the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae by regulating JA biosynthesis. These results indicate that VdEPG1 may be able to regulate host immune responses as a virulence factor through modulating the GhOPR9‐mediated JA biosynthesis.
VIVARIA IN DOLIIS. CERAMIC JARS FOR DORMOUSE FATTENING FOUND IN ARUCCI
Authors: Meléndez Javier Bermejo , Campos Carrasco Juan M.
Published: July 2023

The excavation of the north house at the archaeological site of Arucci (Aroche, Huelva) has provided interesting data for understanding city planning in general, and domestic architecture in particular. Investigation of their environments has allowed the identification of the distinct functions for which they were intended, including two significant tabernae that were connected to one of the main thoroughfares of the city. In one of them, an interesting set of ceramic fragments has been recovered, whose features allow us to recognize them as ceramic containers for fattening the much‐appreciated dormouse. This find signifies an interesting novelty in the archaeological record of the city from which various aspects of the diet of its inhabitants can be inferred, as well as the breeding and production of the rodents.