bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
10‐3: Self‐aligned top‐gate amorphous ITZO TFTs with high‐k AlOx insulator with Oxygen‐plasma formed source/drain
Authors: Jiang Wei , Wong Man
Published: June 2024

This work develops self‐aligned top‐gate (SA‐TG) amorphous indium‐tin‐zinc oxide (ITZO) thin‐film transistors (TFT) with high‐k AlOx gate insulator based on oxygen‐plasma formed source/drain technique. The fabricated SA‐TG TFTs based on this technique demonstrate good electrical performance, such as source/drain resistivity of less than 0.005W cm, high field‐effect mobility of 35.2 cm 2 /Vs, and near‐zero turn‐on voltage. Additionally, the SA‐TG high‐k devices exhibiting short‐channel effects only when the channel length is scaled to ~0.8 μm and demonstrated strong stability when subjected to thermal and gate bias stress.
25‐1: Invited Paper: Effect of Self‐Alignment on BGTC IGZO AMeTFTs
Authors: Zeumault Andre , Mendez Jose
Published: June 2024

This work evaluates the effect of self‐alignment on the performance of bottom‐gate IGZO TFTs for AMOLED backplanes via SPICE simulation. Transient simulations are used to evaluate the row and column scaling of self‐aligned and non‐self‐aligned IGZO TFT to make quantitative comparisons in terms of line, settle and discharge time. Essentially, this work addresses the following questions: (1) given that self‐aligned TFTs have lower mobility than non‐self‐aligned TFTs due to large differences in contact resistance, does the lower overlap capacitance of self‐aligned TFTs always lead to better transient performance than non‐self‐aligned TFTs? and (2) Under what condition(s) do non‐self‐aligned TFTs become comparable to self‐aligned TFTs in terms of transient performance?
30‐1: Invited Paper: Chiral liquid crystal layers with patterned photoalignment for thin diffractive optical components
Authors: Neyts Kristiaan , Stebryte Migle , Sharma Rohan , Beeckman Jeroen , Nys Inge
Published: June 2024

The ability of liquid crystal to self‐organize into complicated structures can be harnessed in applications such as thin film optical devices, diffraction gratings or smart windows. In this work we focus on liquid crystal layers in contact with one or two substrates that have been patterned by photoalignment. This leads to geometric phase gratings, in which the phase of transmitted or reflected light depends on the location on the substrate. It has been shown that geometric phase gratings with uniform rotation can achieve very high diffraction efficiencies (>90%) for incident light that is circularly polarized.
33‐3: High Responsivity and Low Dark Current Phototransistor Based on Perovskite/InZnO Heterostructure
Authors: Lin Bosi , Hu Rundong , Chen Tong , Zhou Hang
Published: June 2024

Amorphous metal oxide semiconductors (AOS), especially indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO), have been studied and applied in sensing, display and other industrial fields, including phototransistors, because of their outstanding electronic properties. [1] [2] However, due to its much low visible light response and limited mobility, IGZO could not match the rapidly developing application needs of phototransistor. [3] The construction of photo‐TFT (thin film transistor) with better electronical performance and stronger light response has become a key issue.[4] Therefore, indium‐zinc oxide (IZO) with relative high mobility (15~20 cm2 /V.s) and perovskite with high photosensitivity come into view.[5] In this study, we report a Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskite‐IZO phototransistor with heterostructure. A quasi‐2D perovskite layer is spin‐coated on the high‐mobility IZO channel TFT, which enables ultralow off‐state dark current of 10‐12 A, high responsivity and detectivity under visible light, especially high responsivity and detectivity of 1480 A/W and 2.21×10 14 Jones under 525 nm green light illumination.
46‐3: Automatic Tuning Methodology of Hysteresis Compensation for AMOLED Display Application
Authors: Yang Hsueh-Yen , Liu Yu-Xuan
Published: June 2024

The paper would propose an automatic tuning method for TFT hysteresis of internal circuit. Since current OD algorithm is much the same, optimizing its LUT well becomes important. The proposed method can improve OD performance and be suitable for software tooling. We also present an experiment flow and its temporal waveform results when doing iteration. By monitoring objective benchmark, the method can automatically control the taking time. And then, executing OD algorithm in practical does optical measurement to verify it. In our experiment result, we figure its result to prove it is workable. The paper also show that objective performance can fit the reasonable expected value of LR and JNCD. We demonstrate test video to show its before‐after. About proposed automatic tuning method, the hysteresis problem can be refined well and suitable for the implementation procedure of software tool.
P‐3.2: A Study on Perceptual Brightness Model Related to Pupil Size
Authors: He Nailong , Zhang Yuning , Ling Xinhang , Hu Chenhao , Huang Chenyu , He Lan , Wang Baoping
Published: June 2024

The mismatch between physical brightness and perceived brightness of display devices in different light environments is increasingly serious. This paper analyzes the perception mechanism of display brightness according to the structure and perception characteristics of human visual system. Different display stimuli were further designed for visual perception experiments, and the influence of relevant objective quantities on the evaluation of perceived brightness was studied, so as to establish a display brightness perception model based on retinal imaging. Ultimately, the perceived brightness of the display can be characterized by the display of physical luminance and pupil diameter, and it has a high correlation with the perceived experimental values.
P‐5.20: Brightness gain study of high refractive index brightness enhancement film
Authors: Hao Qianqian , Hou Tingxiu , Du Jingjun , Zhong Peng , Chen Xiuyun , Zhang Wei , Wang Guangquan
Published: June 2024

In this study, we investigated the impact of refractive index on the brightness enhancement achieved by brightness enhancement films (BEFs) in Liquid Crystal Display Modules (LCMs). Specifically, as the refractive index of the BEF increased from 1.53 to 1.65, the backlight brightness of the LCM rose by approximately 21%. This increase reduces backlight power consumption, promoting greener and more sustainable technology implementation. Our simulation results further indicate that the brightness gain from the film continues to rise as the refractive index increases to 1.75. However, a further increase in the refractive index to 1.80 or higher leads to a decrease in brightness. These findings provide valuable insights for the optimal selection of refractive index in BEF design.
P‐5.24: Improvement of a‐Si TFT Performance on Adjustable Frequency G‐sync Function Monitor Display
Authors: Yao Zhi-xiao , Zheng Xiao-yi , Cui Xiao-peng , Yan Jing-long , Chen Wei-tao , Diao Kai , Liao Yan-ping , Wang Zhang-tao
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the electrical performance of a‐Si TFT product on adjustable frequency display is studied. It is found that panel flicker behavior is related to a‐Si channel characteristics, which is related to the TFT Cgs capacitance increase at low display frequency. And it is also found that the relationship between brightness fluctuations and TFT leakage current affected by Poole‐Frenkel effect. By optimizing TFT process parameter to reduce the change of Cgs capacitance and reduce TFT leakage current in Poole‐Frenkel region, panel flicker performance is obviously improved. As a result, gaming display product can meet the G‐sync optical standard requirement.
P‐6.13: 3D Stacked Hybrid TFT Integrated Circuits for 1100 PPI AMOLED Display
Authors: Liu Yunfei , Zhu Yuxuan , Chang Lu , Liao Congwei , Lu Lei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2024

This paper studies high‐resolution AMOLED displays pixel and driving circuits using 3D stacking LTPS and oxide hybrid TFT integration technology systematically. It is demonstrated the OLED display resolution reaches 1167 PPI when the minimum line width/line spacing is reduced to 1 μm/0.5 μm. In addition, peripheral row and column drive circuits for the high display resolution were also illustrated. Good dynamic performance of the designed driving circuits was obtained thanks to the 3D TFTs.
P‐7.9: Analyzing the Influence of Diffuser on the Polarization of Side‐emitting Backlight Unit
Authors: Zeng Changjing , Diao Kai , Zhao Hongyu , Cui Ting , Liu Chengkun , Hu Long
Published: June 2024

This Paper mainly analyze the influence of diffuser on the polarization of backlight. The influencing factors of diffuser was studied in detail. The results indicate that PET, PET‐thickness and upper coating are the main factors, and the transmittance can be improved by rotating diffuser at a specific angle.
P‐8.1: The influence of shear stress on TFT‐LCD water vapor protection
Authors: Zhou Juping , He Binbin , Chen Jie , Li Ji
Published: June 2024

Based on the water vapor protection of TFT‐LCD, this paper systematically studies the influence of shear stress in TFT‐LCD. The simulation software ABAQUS is used to simulate the stress of TFT‐LCD structure. Based on the mechanical modeling method of composites, the shear stress analysis model of LCD is established. Our research results show that the establishment of TFT‐LCD stress simulation and optimization of film material can effectively improve the water vapor blocking ability of the product, and effectively guide the improvement of the high temperature and high humidity reliability of the LCD panel.
P‐8.2: A scheme for the optical evaluation of waviness on the flexible display
Authors: Jinjin Liu , Jun Zhou , Mingxing Liu , Yaling Wang
Published: June 2024

The waviness is a visual effect produced by the change of the physical curvature of the surface of the product, when the external parallel light isincidentified, resulting in a change of the light reflected into the human eye. After multiple folds, there will be different degrees of crease conditions in the folded area of the flexible display panel. At present, the 3D profile characterization is mainly used to evaluate the depth or width of waviness, but there are differences between the human eye's perception and the depth of the waviness. In order to accurately monitorthe different degrees of the waviness, a method is studied to simulate the evaluation scheme of the human eye's perception of the crease: The inplane brightness tester is used to measure the optical topography of the crease surface, and the severity of the crease is evaluated by the brightness difference in the crease area, which is consistent with the subjective observation by the human eye and the 3D profile results.
P‐9.10: Resolution‐improved Integral Imaging 3D Display System
Authors: Ma Xiao-Li , Hao Meng-Ting , Shi Guo-Wei , Liu Qing-Feng , Wang Xing-Wei
Published: June 2024

A resolution‐improved integral imaging (InIm) 3D display system is proposed. The proposed system consists of a 2D display panel, a lens array, and a polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). When the PDLC voltage changes, the PDLC has the different scattering display modes. Correspondingly, the scattering angle of the PDLC also changes, the light rays pass through the lens array at the appropriate angle to eliminate the gaps between the 3D pixels, so the proposed 3D display system can improve the resolution of 3D images. Compared with the conventional InIm 3D display system based on the holographic diffuser, the experimental results demonstrate the validity of our proposed 3D display system.
P‐10.2: Numerical Simulation of Material Properties in Pattern Area and Evaluation of Constitutive Capture Method
Authors: Wang Ya ling , Zhang Fang , Li Zheng yang , Zhang Lei chao , Liu Jin jin
Published: June 2024

In order to establish an equivalent model with a graphical coating, the numerical simulation equivalent calculation of material properties in the Bracket Pattern region is carried out, which includes parametric modeling and mechanical optimization.

The results indicate that single body optimization with reaction force of a rigid body as the objective function is the best solution, and the prediction results of the deformation, the stress of the adhesive layer and the shape of the water droplets are better, also minimal time consumption for single body optimization. The optimization of the single body with the force of the graphical film layer as the objective function will reduce the accuracy of the simulation results. The full‐ module optimization method, which takes the deformation of the film and the force of the glue as the objective function, takes the longest time.

According to the constitutive capture method of this pattern region, the universality of the simulation model under different pattern designs is studied, and the results show that the difference before and after equivalence is small.
P‐10.5: Study on The effect of Module Films on Metal Wire Strain During the Pad bending Process
Authors: Fu Jia , Feng Shi Zhen , Fan Liu Bin , Shan Qi , Huang Genmao , Zhu Xiujian , Wang Xiangqian , Liu Shi Bao , Liu Ying , Chu Xiaotian , Zhao Dong
Published: June 2024

Based on ABAQUS mechanical simulation software and the same bending radius, this paper simulated and analyzed the strain change trends of metal wires on the different schemes for other key influencing films, such as BPL and PI. On the basis of the simulation results, the conclusions are follows: PI thickness thinning can decrease the strain of the metal wires at bending region. However, the change of BPL thickness has no significant effect.
P‐10.7: A multi‐level error diffusion algorithm based on edge enhancement of color electrophoretic displays
Authors: Xinxin Xie , Ting Mei , Jianhao Zhang , Zhixian Lin , Shanling Lin
Published: June 2024

Electrophoretic display (EPD) has the same reflective and wide viewing angle characteristics as paper, and also has the advantages of low power consumption and bistab‐ility. At the same time, its eye protection characteri‐stics are deeply loved by the public, so that people have more ex‐pectations for color EPD, but there are still problems such as poor quality and jagged edges of the display image. Due to the limitation of the grayscale range caused by the driver chip and the driving mode of EPDs, when the 256‐level grayscale image on the PC is put on the EPD for display, the driving circuit system will compress the gra‐yscale. This results in a loss of detail, a step jump in the image, and a lack of clarity in the texture. In order to solve the above problems, a multi‐level error diffusion algorithm based on edge enhancement is proposed.The dataset KODIM was selected as the experimental object, compared with the traditional error diffusion algori‐thm, the image quality evaluation index PSNR is improved by 22.4%‐30.8%, and SSIM is closer to 1. And the EPD shows more image details, which brings a better visual experience to the users of e‐paper.
P‐10.10: Wearable Transdermal Drug Delivery Devices based on Piezoelectric Micropumps Integrated with Microneedles Array
Authors: Sha Wei , Li Yi , Liang Jie , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jianhua
Published: June 2024

Transdermal drug delivery refers to a drug delivery route that delivers drugs through the skin to produce local or systemic therapeutic effects. In this work, we propose a parallel valveless piezoelectric micropump integrated with hollow microneedle array, which can be used in flexible wearable transdermal drug delivery systems. The device consists of two valveless piezoelectric micropump, a hollow microneedle array and an electrical control module. The main structure of micropump and the hollow microneedle array are fabricated using 3D printing technology. The valveless piezoelectric micropump adopts a parallel dualpump structure with asynchronous drive, which achieves a full forward flow at the outlet and reduces the influence of backflow on the stability of the system. In addition, the parallel dual‐pump structure proposed in this work can be extended to a multimicropump parallel structure. We hope to fabricate small‐size micropump arrays on flexible substrates and integrate them into flexible wearable transdermal drug delivery systems.
P‐11.8: GaN‐Based Micro‐LED Sidewall Defect Reduction via Plasma Pre‐Treatment and Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Liu Zhaoyong , Ren Kailin , Liu Yibo , Feng Feng , Li Zichun , Liu Zhaojun , Kwok Hoi-Sing , Zhang Jianhua
Published: June 2024

Micro‐LED has received wide attention from researchers and has been applied into micro‐display technology due to its superior performance and development potential. However, The external quantum efficiency of Micro‐LED decreases with the decrease of size, due to an increase in the proportion of sidewall defects at smaller size. Therefore, the sidewall treatment of Micro‐LED is particularly important. In this study, the mechanism of the impact of H2 and NH3 plasma pre‐treatment on sidewalls and the subsequent effect of Al2O3 deposition on the electrical performance of the device were explored. The results demonstrate that plasma pre‐treatment with H2 and NH3, followed by Al2O3 deposition, effectively reduces surface defects, leakage current, and the ideality factor.
P‐12.1: Inkjet Printed Quantum Dots for Full Color Active Matrix Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Wang Mingshun , Wu Yongwei , Duan Miao , Zhang Li , Peng Wenxiang , Yin Yongming , Hou Jun , Li Dongze , Chen Lixuan , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2024

Inkjet Printed Quantum dots (QDs) display has attracted much attention due to their excellent optical properties and solution process. Especially, QDs can act as effective color conversion for light emitting diodes (LED). In this work, we fabricated 4‐inch QD‐microLED display panel by inkjet printing technology, using a simple quantum dots ink with cross‐linkable organic small molecule additive for binding QDs with film together. Finally, an active matrix full‐color QDs‐MicroLED display prototype was demonstrated with a high color gamut of 122% NTSC (94%BT.2020).
P‐13.7: Self‐alignment PS process and application in liquid crystal displays to achieve ultra high aperture ratio
Authors: Yu Yong , Yang Shaopeng , Li Feifei , Shu Shi , Xu Chuanxiang , Yue Yang , Li Xiang , Li Shaohui , Liu Xinhua , Yao Qi , Liang Pengxia , Yuan Guangcai
Published: June 2024

In this paper, The self‐alignment process is used to realize the Metal+PS structure on the CF (Color Filter) substrate, which can further reduce the size of PS, Photo Spacer; At the same time, Metal can shield the light leakage of PS, because the alignment deviation between BM and PS can be eliminated through the self‐aligning process, so the size of the BM (Black martrix) can be reduced. The application in high ppi LCD products can maximize the aperture ratio of the device. Through the process scheme in this paper, the self‐aligned PS structure of PS can be achieved (CD (Critical Dimension) ≈ 1um, Profile ≈90°), and the unilateral shileding distance is > 2.0um. In 2000PPI products, Apeture Ratio of panel increases to about 40% (conventional circular main+sub PS solution, AR of panel was only about 25%).
P‐13.9: Super High Birefringence Liquid Crystal Materials for Microwave Applications
Authors: Li Jian , Li Juanli , Hu Minggang , Wan Danyang , Mo Lingchao , Che Zhaoyi , Zhang Lu
Published: June 2024

The phased array antennas based on highly anisotropic nematic liuquid crystals have achieved rapid develepment in recent years. In this paper, super high birefringence liquid crystal compounds with bistolane core were synthesized and their properties were investigated. The bistolane compounds show high bifringence above 0.6 and high clearing points above 200°C. Based on these new liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal mixture with nematic temperature range of 5~164 ºC and birefringence of 0.5 was developed. At 19 GHz, the new liquid crystal mixture shows excellent dielectric properties, with dielectric anisotropy of 1.57, which is the highest value reported in known literature. The new liquid crystal mixture also has relatively low dielectric loss of 0.0089 and low viscoelastic coefficient of 17.6 ms/μm2.
P‐15.27: Research on Adverse Mechanism of LTPS OLED Panel Line Crosstalk and Improvement
Authors: Wang Hannian , Qin Tianzhi , Shan Qi , Huang Genmao , Zhu Xiujian , Ma Zhili , Sun Guangyuan , Zhao Xin , Zhou Guangxian
Published: June 2024

Based on a large number of measured data of line crosstalk, this paper focuses on the analysis of the mechanism of line crosstalk of single ram and dual ram products under the Empyrean circuit level simulation software, and verifies the relevant conclusions through simulation. By studying the causes of line crosstalk, various measures to improve this problem are put forward.
P‐15.32: A Novel Evaluation Method of Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Motion Blur
Authors: Zhang Yaoren , Zhang Zhengchuan , Wang Bo , Luo Zhongming
Published: June 2024

The motion blur of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) consists of the brightness and color transition. This paper presents a new and comprehensive evaluation method that can quantify the motion blur more intuitively. By Tri‐stimulus waveform integration, we obtain the brightness and the color evolution trend by every frame after data signal input.
P‐18.1: Relationship Between Driving Capability of OLED Touch Chip and TFE Thickness of Panel
Authors: Wu Guoxiong , Lv Junjie , Tan Xiaoping , Tang Tao , Zhu Xiujian , Ge Mingwei
Published: June 2024

The Touch scheme of the flexible OLED panel is On‐cell structure, and the Touch electrode layer is prepared on the panel TFE (Thin File Encapsulation) layer. The electrode and the display cathode below TFE will form a parasitic capacitor, which becomes the circuit load, The size of the parasitic capacitance directly affects the driving effect of the touch chip on the touch electrode, affecting the performance of the touch screen； TFE thickness is a key film layer affecting the size of parasitic capacitance, and its thickness design affects the production process and manufacturing cost, so the thickness cannot be increased without limit to reduce parasitic capacitance. Therefore, in order to more accurately determine the project TFE design thickness, it is necessary to study the relationship between TFE thickness and chip drive capability, so as to reduce process risk and product cost. improving touch performance; Based on the existing normal‐scale group structure and touch Sensor design, this paper simulated the parasitic capacitance under different TFE thickness states, obtained the influence curve of TFE thickness and parasitic capacitance, and provided a trend reference for evaluating TFE thickness and parasitic capacitance on a project. At the same time, based on the total parasitic capacitance of the touch drive electrode of different sizes, the requirements of the drive capability of the touch chip are put forward.
Addressing dispersion in mis‐measured multivariate binomial outcomes: A novel statistical approach for detecting differentially methylated regions in bisulfite sequencing data
Authors: Zhao Kaiqiong , Oualkacha Karim , Zeng Yixiao , Shen Cathy , Klein Kathleen , Lakhal‐Chaieb Lajmi , Labbe Aurélie , Pastinen Tomi , Hudson Marie , Colmegna Inés , Bernatsky Sasha , Greenwood Celia M. T.
Published: June 2024

Motivated by a DNA methylation application, this article addresses the problem of fitting and inferring a multivariate binomial regression model for outcomes that are contaminated by errors and exhibit extra‐parametric variations, also known as dispersion. While dispersion in univariate binomial regression has been extensively studied, addressing dispersion in the context of multivariate outcomes remains a complex and relatively unexplored task. The complexity arises from a noteworthy data characteristic observed in our motivating dataset: non‐constant yet correlated dispersion across outcomes. To address this challenge and account for possible measurement error, we propose a novel hierarchical quasi‐binomial varying coefficient mixed model, which enables flexible dispersion patterns through a combination of additive and multiplicative dispersion components. To maximize the Laplace‐approximated quasi‐likelihood of our model, we further develop a specialized two‐stage expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm, where a plug‐in estimate for the multiplicative scale parameter enhances the speed and stability of the EM iterations. Simulations demonstrated that our approach yields accurate inference for smooth covariate effects and exhibits excellent power in detecting non‐zero effects. Additionally, we applied our proposed method to investigate the association between DNA methylation, measured across the genome through targeted custom capture sequencing of whole blood, and levels of anti‐citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), a preclinical marker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk. Our analysis revealed 23 significant genes that potentially contribute to ACPA‐related differential methylation, highlighting the relevance of cell signaling and collagen metabolism in RA. We implemented our method in the R Bioconductor package called “SOMNiBUS.”
Review of weighted exponential random graph models frameworks applied to neuroimaging
Authors: Fan Yefeng , White Simon R.
Published: June 2024

Neuro‐imaging data can often be represented as statistical networks, especially for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, where brain regions are defined as nodes and the functional interactions between those regions are taken as edges. Such networks are commonly divided into classes depending on the type of edges, namely binary or weighted. A binary network means edges can either be present or absent. Whereas the edges of a weighted network are associated with weight values, and fMRI networks belong to weighted networks. Statistical methods are often adopted to analyse such networks, among which, the exponential random graph model (ERGM) is an important network analysis approach. Typically ERGMs are applied to binary networks, and weighted networks often need to be binarised by arbitrarily selecting a threshold value to define the presence of the edges, which can lead to non‐robustness and loss of valuable edge weight information representing the strength of fMRI interaction in fMRI networks. While it is therefore important to gain deeper insight in adopting ERGM on weighted networks, there only exists a few different ERGM frameworks for weighted networks; some of these are not directly implementable on fMRI networks based on their original proposal. We systematically review, implement, analyse and compare five such frameworks via a simulation study and provide guidelines on each modelling framework as well as conclude the suitability of them on fMRI networks based on a range of criteria. We concluded that Multi‐Layered ERGM is currently the most suitable framework.
Preparation of VS2/rGO Nanosheet Composite Materials as High Capacity Anodes for Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Qiaoyu , Xu Jiamin , Huang Tingting , Wang Suqin , Li Hongbo
Published: June 2024

In the process of ion insertion/deinsertion, VS2 is prone to volume expansion or even structural collapse leading to capacity decrease and low coulomb efficiency (CE), which hinders its practical application. In this paper, VS2/rGO composites were prepared by solvent method. The rGO firmly locks VS2 in its honeycomb structure, effectively preventing the volume expansion or even structural collapse of the electrode during charging and discharging. The layered structure of VS2 and the high conductivity of rGO speed up the lithium ion transport and achieve the cycling stability of the battery. The results show that the starting capacity of the VS2/rGO anode material is 1190/959 mAh g−1, and the starting CE is 80.57 %. It is worth noting that after 150 cycles, the specific discharge/charge capacity of the material can be maintained at 764/736 mAh g−1. The improved electrochemical properties of the VS2 anode are due to the presence of rGO in the material, thus optimizing the structural stability and electrical properties of the composite.
Lysosome‐Targeting Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Tumor Specific Degradation of PD‐L1
Authors: Ji Panpan , Wu Pengying , Wang Lantian , Wang Yufei , Guo Xin , Gao Ruiqi , Guo Zhiyu , Zhou Haikun , Liu Zhaoyou , Liang Yuan , Lu Fan , Yang Guodong , Ji Gang
Published: June 2024

Increased expression of immune check point genes, such as PD‐L1, is one of the main reasons for immunosuppression, especially for colon cancer. Development of novel therapeutic strategies is of great importance to improve the prognosis. In this study, outer membrane vesicles (OMV) derived from Gram‐negative bacteria are engineered to immune checkpoint blockade nanosystem for efficient elicitation of anti‐tumor immunity. Briefly, the OMVs are engineered with Lyp1‐Traptavidin (S52G, R53D mutant of streptavidin) fusion protein displayed on the surface. The Lyp‐1 endows the OMV with the capacity to target tumor tissues, while the Traptavidin ensures easy decoration of biotinylated anti‐PD‐L1 and biotinylated M6P (mannose 6‐phosphate). The simultaneously anchored anti‐PD‐L1 and M6P (ligand for cation‐independent mannose 6‐phosphate receptor) on the engineered OMVs coordinately direct the membrane PD‐L1 to lysosome for degradation, and thus unleash the anti‐tumor immunity. With syngeneic tumor model, the engineered OMVs are confirmed to boost immunity, inhibit cancer growth, and thus prolong survival. Together, A proposed OMV‐based modular nanosystem that enables assembly of biotinylated anti‐PD‐L1 and M6P on the surface for tumor‐targeted immune checkpoint blockade.
Defect Engineered Bi2Te3 Nanosheets with Enhanced Haloperoxidase Activity for Marine Antibiofouling
Authors: Kulkarni Sagar Sunil , Tong Dang Khoa , Wu Chien‐Ting , Kao Cheng‐Yen , Chattopadhyay Surojit
Published: June 2024

Defective bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanosheets, an artificial nanozyme mimicking haloperoxidase activity (hPOD), show promise as eco‐friendly, bactericidal, and antimicrofouling materials by enhancing cytotoxic hypohalous acid production from halides and H2O2. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterization reveals that controlled NaOH (upto X = 250 µL) etching of the nearly inactive non‐transition metal chalcogenide Bi2Te3 nanosheets creates controlled defects (d), such as Bi3+species, in d‐Bi2Te3‐X that induces enhanced hPOD activity. d‐Bi2Te3‐250 exhibits approximately eight‐fold improved hPOD than the as‐grown Bi2Te3 nanosheets. The antibacterial activity of d‐Bi2Te3‐250 nanozymes, studied by bacterial viability, show 1, and 45% viability for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, prevalent in marine environments. The hPOD mechanism is confirmed using scavengers, implicating HOBr and singlet oxygen for the effect. The antimicrofouling property of the d‐Bi2Te3‐250 nanozyme has been studied on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in a lab setting by multiple assays, and also on titanium (Ti) plates coated with the nanozyme mixed commercial paint, exposed to seawater in a real setting. All studies, including direct microscopic evidence, exhibit inhibition of microfouling, up to ≈73%, in the presence of nanozymes. This approach showcases that defect engineering can induce antibacterial, and antimicrofouling activity in non‐transition metal chalcogenides, offering an inexpensive alternative to noble metals.
Maintaining the 2D Structure of MXene via Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Efficient Lubrication in High Humidity
Authors: Yu Kaihuan , Ren Junhui , Liao Wanda , Hu Bo , Bai Changning , Li Zhihui , Zhang Xingkai , Chhattal Muhammad , Li Ning , Qiang Li
Published: June 2024

MXene is considered as a promising solid lubricant due to facile shearing ability and tuneable surface chemistry. However, it faces challenges in high‐humidity environments where excessive water molecules can significantly impact its 2D structure, thus deteriorating its lubricating properties. In this work, the self‐assembled monolayers are formed on MXene by surface chlorination (MXene‐Cl) and fluorination (MXene‐F), and their friction behaviors in high/low humidity are investigated. The results indicate that MXene‐F and MXene‐Cl can maintain a relatively constant friction coefficient (CoF) (MXene‐F ∼0.76, MXene‐Cl ∼0.48) under both high (75%) and low (25%)‐relative humidity (RH) environments. Meanwhile, the MXene‐F and MXene‐Cl display a lower CoF than the pristine MXene (MXene CoF∼1.18) in high humidity. The above phenomena are mainly attributed to the preservation of its 2D layered structure, the increased layer spacing, and superficial partial oxidation for SAMs‐functionalized MXene under high humidity during friction. Interestingly, MXene‐Cl with moderate water resistance has a lower CoF than that of MXene‐F with complete water resistance. The nanostructured water adsorption capacity and larger interlayer spacing of MXene‐Cl make it exhibit a lower CoF compared to MXene‐F. The findings of this study offer valuable guidance for tailoring MXene by surface chemical functionalization as an efficient solid lubricant in high humidity.
Combining Trivalent Ion‐Doping with Halide Alloying to Increase the Efficiency of Tin Perovskites
Authors: Gregori Luca , Meggiolaro Daniele , De Angelis Filippo
Published: June 2024

Tin‐halide perovskites (THP) are emerging materials for photovoltaics with optoelectronic properties potentially rivaling lead‐based analoges. Their efficiencies in solar cells are, however, severely limited by the high sensitivity of tin to oxygen and the heavy p‐doping natively present in the material. While the effects of oxygen can be mitigated by using reducing agents upon the synthesis and by encapsulating the device, the native p‐doping caused by the high density of acceptor defects remains a challenge to be further addressed for prolonging carrier lifetimes and, consequently, device efficiency. In this work, potential compositional engineering strategies aimed at reducing the p‐doping of this class of materials and increasing their efficiency in solar cells are investigated. Based on density functional theory simulations it is demonstrated that THP doping with d1s2 trivalent ions effectively decreases the hole background density and the density of the deep defects responsible for the non‐radiative recombination in these materials. This effect is enhanced by alloying iodide with small fractions of bromide, up to 33%. Higher bromide fractions, instead, are detrimental due to the increased non‐radiative recombination. These results may provide useful guidelines to experimentalists for improving the optoelectronic quality of THPs and consequently of the ensuing devices.
Delivery and utilization of photo‐energy for temperature control using a light‐driven microfluidic control device at −40 °C
Authors: Ge Jing , Qin Mengmeng , Zhang Xu , Yang Xiaoyu , Yang Ping , Wang Hui , Liu Gejun , Zhou Xinlei , Zhang Bo , Qu Zhiguo , Feng Yiyu , Feng Wei
Published: June 2024

Low‐temperature energy harvest, delivery, and utilization pose significant challenges for thermal management in extreme environments owing to heat loss during transport and difficulty in temperature control. Herein, we propose a light‐driven photo‐energy delivery device with a series of photo‐responsive alkoxy‐grafted azobenzene‐based phase‐change materials (a‐g‐Azo PCMs). These a‐g‐Azo PCMs store and release crystallization and isomerization enthalpies, reaching a high energy density of 380.76 J/g even at a low temperature of −63.92 °C. On this basis, we fabricate a novel three‐branch light‐driven microfluidic control device for distributed energy recycling that achieves light absorption, energy storage, controlled movement, and selective release cyclically over a wide range of temperatures. The a‐g‐Azo PCMs move remote‐controllably in the microfluidic device at an average velocity of 0.11–0.53 cm/s owing to the asymmetric thermal expansion effect controlled by the temperature difference. During movement, the optically triggered heat release of a‐g‐Azo PCMs achieves a temperature difference of 6.6 °C even at a low temperature of −40 °C. These results provide a new technology for energy harvest, delivery, and utilization in low‐temperature environments via a remote manipulator.
Untersuchungen zu geklebten Beulsteifen im Stahl‐ und Verbundbrückenbau
Authors: Hennes Philipp , Laumann Jörg , Krahwinkel Manuel
Published: June 2024

Zahlreiche Brücken sind in einem schlechten Zustand. Insbesondere der Widerstand gegen Plattenbeulen stellt ein häufiges Problem dar. Die Ertüchtigung beulgefährdeter Querschnitte im Stahlbrückenbau ist aufgrund häufig nicht schweißgeeigneter Stähle und der zusätzlichen Kerbwirkung aus konventionellen Fügetechniken problematisch. Die Anwendung der Klebetechnik zur Befestigung von Steifenquerschnitten stellt eine materialschonende Ertüchtigungsmaßnahme beulgefährdeter Querschnitte dar. Vor einer praktischen Anwendung sind zahlreiche Fragestellungen hinsichtlich der Konstruktionsweise der Beulaussteifung, der Beanspruchung der Klebschicht infolge Beulen, der Tragfähigkeit der Klebschicht und der Alterungs‐ und Ermüdungsfestigkeit zu beantworten. Auf Basis von numerischen und experimentellen Untersuchungen konnte eine einfache Bruchbedingung aufgestellt werden, welche eine Beurteilung der Tragfähigkeit der Klebschicht ermöglicht. Eine ausreichende beulaussteifende Wirkung der geklebten Steife ist gegeben, solange die Tragfähigkeit der Klebschicht gewährleistet ist. Das Alterungs‐ und Ermüdungsverhalten wurde in Grundversuchen untersucht. Dabei konnten Randbedingungen festgelegt werden, die eine zeitlich begrenzte Beständigkeit sicherstellen. In diesem Bereich besteht aber weiterhin Forschungsbedarf.
Agent Orange and head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Monaghan Neil P. , Duckett Kelsey A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Newman Jason G. , Kejner Alexandra E. , Albergotti W. Greer
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess the incidence of head and neck cancer in patients exposed to Agent Orange and related dioxins.

Methods

Studies were identified through CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus. Primary studies were identified through April 2023. Articles were included reporting incidence of head and neck cancer and/or deaths due to head and neck cancer in participants exposed to Agent Orange. Meta‐analysis of proportions was conducted to calculate incidence and mortality by primary site in those who were exposed to Agent Orange and for control groups. A comparison of proportions was used to compare rates in exposed and control groups.

Results

Of 1530 unique abstracts screened, 13 studies were included in the systematic review. Of the exposed patients with reported subsites, oral cavity (31.2%), and larynx (14%) were the most common. Of the exposed patients with reported deaths and subsites, oropharynx (0.25%) was the most common primary site in patients who died. The most common subsites of those who were not exposed, oropharynx (0.13%), and larynx (0.16%). Head and neck cancer of all subsites was more common in those exposed to Agent Orange than in unexposed controls (difference 0.061%; 95% confidence interval: 0.04%–0.08%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that head and neck cancer is more common in those who were exposed to Agent Orange than those who were not. Additionally, individuals exposed to Agent Orange were more likely to die from head and neck cancer. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate subsite‐specific outcomes given the limitations of our study design.
On the Thermal Dimorphy of the Strontium Perrhenate Sr[ReO4]2
Authors: Conrad Maurice , Bette Sebastian , Dinnebier Robert E. , Schleid Thomas
Published: June 2024

Hygroscopic single crystals of a new hexagonal high‐temperature modification of Sr[ReO4]2 were prepared from a melt of Sr[ReO4]2 ⋅ H2O and SrCl2 ⋅ 6 H2O. The structure analysis of the obtained crystals by X‐ray diffraction revealed that the title compound crystallizes in the ThCd[MoO4]3‐type structure with the hexagonal space group P63/m and the lattice parameters a=1023.81(7) pm and c=646.92(4) pm (c/a=0.632) for Z=2 in its quenchable high‐temperature form. Two crystallographically independent Sr2+ cations are coordinated by oxygen atoms forming either octahedra or tricapped trigonal prisms, whereas the Re7+ cations are found in the centers of discrete tetrahedral meta‐perrhenate units [ReO4]−. Temperature‐dependent in‐situ PXRD studies of dry powder samples of Sr[ReO4]2 exhibited its thermal dimorphy with a phase‐transition temperature at 500–550 °C from literature‐known m‐Sr[ReO4]2 into the newly discovered h‐Sr[ReO4]2 (hexagonal).
Beschreibung der Studienteilnehmenden
Authors: Kiefer Anna
Published: June 2024

In diesem Kapitel werden die zehn Studienteilnehmenden hinsichtlich ihrer soziodemographischen Daten beschrieben. Zudem werden die individuell vorherrschenden Pflegesituationen der Angehörigen und das Verhältnis zum Menschen mit Demenz dargestellt und erläutert. Die Autorin beschreibt dabei ihren subjektiven Eindruck über die psychische Verfassung der Teilnehmenden und stellt ein differenziertes Bild über den jeweiligen Kontext und Alltagsumstände zum Zeitpunkt der Datenerhebung dar.
Fallübergreifende Ergebnisdarstellung
Authors: Kiefer Anna
Published: June 2024

Nachdem in Abschnitt 12.2 durch individuelle Fallbeschreibungen die jeweiligen Pflegesituationen und -beziehungen eingehend beschrieben wurden, erfolgt nun eine fallübergreifende Ergebnisdarstellung. Dabei werden mit Blick auf die in Kapitel 6 dargestellten Forschungsfragen die induktiv und deduktiv ausgewerteten Analyseergebnisse der Tagebucheinträge sowie der Interviews aufgezeigt und interpretiert. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Beschreibung und Wahrnehmung schöner Momente, deren Wirkung auf pflegende Angehörige und Menschen mit Demenz sowie der Bewertung und Reflexion der Tagebuchmethode.
Die Einbindung von Tagebüchern in Therapie und Forschung
Authors: Kiefer Anna
Published: June 2024

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit sollen pflegende Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz durch die Anwendung der Tagebuch-Methode für die Wahrnehmung schöner Momente im Alltag sensibilisiert werden. Dabei tritt durch individuelle Aufzeichnungen der Schreibenden die Sichtweise des Individuums als primärer Bezugspunkt in den Vordergrund der Betrachtung und ermöglicht so die Betrachtung des inneren „Seelenlebens“ sowie die Abbildung der „Einzigartigkeit dieser Lebensphase“.
Forschungsziel und Forschungsfragen
Authors: Kiefer Anna
Published: June 2024

Die Sorge für Menschen mit Demenz wird von pflegenden Angehörigen häufig aus einer Belastungsperspektive wahrgenommen. Sinnstiftende und berührende Momente zwischen pflegenden Angehörigen und Menschen mit Demenz werden dabei vielfach nicht mehr bewusst erlebt. Da Aspekte der inneren Bereicherung und Erfüllung aber durchaus erfahren werden können, ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, ebendiese Momente zwischen pflegenden Angehörigen und Menschen mit Demenz wieder fassbar zu machen.
Stability of solitary wave solutions in the Lugiato–Lefever equation
Authors: Bengel Lukas
Published: June 2024

We analyze the spectral and dynamical stability of solitary wave solutions to the Lugiato–Lefever equation on $$\mathbb {R}$$
R
. Our interest lies in solutions that arise through bifurcations from the phase-shifted bright soliton of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. These solutions are highly nonlinear, localized, far-from-equilibrium waves, and are the physical relevant solutions to model Kerr frequency combs. We show that bifurcating solitary waves are spectrally stable when the phase angle satisfies $$\theta \in (0,\pi )$$

θ
∈
(
0
,
π
)

, while unstable waves are found for angles $$\theta \in (\pi ,2\pi )$$

θ
∈
(
π
,
2
π
)

. Furthermore, we establish asymptotic orbital stability of spectrally stable solitary waves against localized perturbations. Our analysis exploits the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction method, the instability index count developed for linear Hamiltonian systems, and resolvent estimates.
Ureaplasmen in der Frauenheilkunde und Perinatalmedizin
Authors: Mikula Fanny , Rittenschober-Böhm Judith , Farr Alex
Published: June 2024

Das allgemeine Interesse an Ureaplasmen und ihrer Bedeutung für die Frauengesundheit und die Perinatalmedizin hat in den letzten Jahren zugenommen. Eine der größten Herausforderungen in diesem Zusammenhang besteht darin, dass Ureaplasmen Teil der normalen urogenitalen Mikrobiota des Menschen sind, andererseits aber auch mit perinatalen Komplikationen verbunden sein können. Das Potenzial, Schwangerschaftskomplikationen und Neugeboreneninfektionen zu verursachen, hat zu einem großen Interesse an der Rolle von Ureaplasmen in der Perinatalmedizin geführt. Darüber hinaus gibt es eine Debatte darüber, ob während der Schwangerschaft ein Screening auf diese Bakterien durchgeführt werden sollte, um die Rate damit verbundener perinataler Komplikationen zu verringern. Eine rechtzeitige Diagnose, idealerweise mithilfe von PCR(polymerase chain reaction)-Techniken, und die Behandlung von Infektionen mit Ureaplasma species können zur Verbesserung der Ergebnisse bei Müttern und Neugeborenen beitragen. Derzeit besteht jedoch Bedarf an individuellen Lösungen für jede Patientin entsprechend ihrem individuellen Risiko und ihrer Symptomatik, um unnötige Therapien und Kosten zu vermeiden – auch wenn dieser Ansatz natürlich nicht zufriedenstellend ist.
Convex optimization via inertial algorithms with vanishing Tikhonov regularization: fast convergence to the minimum norm solution
Authors: Attouch Hedy , László Szilárd Csaba
Published: June 2024

In a Hilbertian framework, for the minimization of a general convex differentiable function f, we introduce new inertial dynamics and algorithms that generate trajectories and iterates that converge fastly towards the minimizer of f with minimum norm. Our study is based on the non-autonomous version of the Polyak heavy ball method, which, at time t, is associated with the strongly convex function obtained by adding to f a Tikhonov regularization term with vanishing coefficient $$\varepsilon (t)$$

ε
(
t
)

. In this dynamic, the damping coefficient is proportional to the square root of the Tikhonov regularization parameter $$\varepsilon (t)$$

ε
(
t
)

. By adjusting the speed of convergence of $$\varepsilon (t)$$

ε
(
t
)

towards zero, we will obtain both rapid convergence towards the infimal value of f, and the strong convergence of the trajectories towards the element of minimum norm of the set of minimizers of f. In particular, we obtain an improved version of the dynamic of Su-Boyd-Candès for the accelerated gradient method of Nesterov. This study naturally leads to corresponding first-order algorithms obtained by temporal discretization. In the case of a proper lower semicontinuous and convex function f, we study the proximal algorithms in detail, and show that they benefit from similar properties.