bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drugs in the Army: Problem Setting and Attempts at Reenvisioning It on the Global Scale. Part 1.
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Criminal Law of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Examination of the Institute for the Humanities of the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Tretyakov Ivan L.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to study the determinants (social, moral, behavioral, psychophysiological, purely pathological, etc.) that can motivate military personnel to consume illegal psychoactive substances. An additional goal is the desire to give an objective assessment of the attempts of Western politicians to create a “universal soldier”, and in fact, a kamikaze of the 21st century (“suicide bomber-drug addict”). Research methods: the theoretical and methodological basis of the work is a set of philosophical, criminological, socio-psychological, medical-biological and political science approaches through which the problem of drug addiction in the military environment is studied. The criminological concept of causality and the interdisciplinary approach to the study of drug crime were most widely used in the process of writing this article. Conclusions: despite the fact that military personnel are an organic part of society, drug addiction in the army should be considered as a rather specific social phenomenon. Drug consumption in the military environment (at the micro level) shows an upward trend only in cases where the psychological and pedagogical support of personnel is not carried out professionally enough, and the discipline and microclimate in the team “leave much to be desired.” In general (already at the macro level), the determination of drug use by military personnel is determined by the influence of social, socio-economic, political, cultural (subcultural), psychological (including ethnopsychological) and medical and biological factors. The problems of drug addiction among personnel are more relevant for NATO countries than for Russia (which over many centuries has developed its own, unique approach to educating defenders of the Fatherland). The experiments of Western specialists on “mind control” of military personnel using all kinds of drugs (stimulants) and neurochips deserve close attention. Such activities (directed to harm people) should be recognized as inhumane and illegal. Scientific and practical significance of the study: The scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the research results lies in the fact that it provides a clinical and psychological interpretation of the aggressive and violent behavior of military personnel who abuse psychotropic substances and narcotic drugs (using the example of personnel of the armies of foreign states). The practical significance of this article lies in the fact that the conclusions and recommendations formulated in it can contribute to the development of measures to optimize educational and psychological-pedagogical work with military personnel of the Russian army, for the early identification of persons both distributing prohibited psychoactive substances among colleagues and regularly using them.
Corporate Criminal Liability in Sphere of Illicit Drug Traffic in the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria
Authors:   Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Criminology Moscow State Institute of Foreign Relations (University) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Tsyplakova Alyona D.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: study the regulation in the sphere of drug trafficking control based on judicial practice and doctrinal provisions and to identify the peculiarities of criminal liability of legal entities for drug offenses in the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. Research methods: the study is based on content analysis of documents, special-legal methods (interpretation and formal-legal method), methods of juris linguistics and consider comparative in nature. Conclusions: regulation in the sphere of drug trafficking control is complex. A number of laws contain blanket and reference norms. Comparing the Algerian and other Arab legislation reveals common features and distinctions related to the criminal liability of legal entities the approach to the definition and terms is similar; the list of drug offenses for which juridical persons can be prosecuted is exhausted, but it can be expanded, taking into account the firmly established case law broader interprets the applicable legislation. The term of such punishment as temporary closure is more lenient in comparison with that provided for by the criminal law, unlike the fines, which are multiples of either the amount of fines provided for individuals or the value of confiscated goods. The author has highlighted procedural peculiarities of bringing legal entities to criminal liability, as well as jurisdictional principles. Scientific and practical significance: with the regard to the specific combination of religious and secular principles in the Arab legislation and linguistic specifics, the research contributes to filling the gaps in understanding modern anti-drug legislation of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, as well as the issues of corporate criminal liability. The results of the study can be taken into consideration in the developing Russian legal framework of criminal liability of legal entities and used in the context of further studies of Algerian law and interaction with the country.
International Cooperation in Countering Transnational Drug-Dealing in Latin America
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Criminalistics of the Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Associate Professor, Shestak Viktor A. , Savenkova Polina G. ,   Lawyer at FINMARSH, LLC, Bachelor of Laws
Published: October 2024

The article examines modern features of organizing international cooperation in combating crimes related to drug trafficking in Latin America and the Caribbean. The purpose of the work is to analyze the current situation in the field of drug crime in the analyzed region, as well as the main methods of international cooperation and counteraction. Research methods: analysis and comparative legal research of national legislation, conventions and treaties, draft international documents, scientific articles and other sources, as well as a statistical method for bringing quantitative and qualitative indicators of crime. Conclusion: in the Latin American region, both at the national and regional levels, a policy is being pursued to combat crime in the field of drug trafficking, and, despite the high crime rates at the moment, the active work of government bodies and supranational associations in this area is obvious. The practical significance lies in the fact that during the preparation the most modern legal and doctrinal sources in the original language were studied and introduced into scientific circulation.
The Practice of Lenten Solitude in the Lives of Cyril of Scythopolis
Authors: McCray Austin
Published: October 2024

In his hagiographical works Cyril of Scythopolis described an annual practice during which a select number of monks would leave their monasteries for the solitude of the surrounding desert for the period of Lent. This article examines the appearance and use of this unique monastic practice within the literary context of late antique Palestinian monasticism. Rather than being widely adopted as some scholarship has suggested, the practice of Lenten solitude was primarily used by the abbots of the Judean Desert as a method to temporarily achieve hesychia, stillness and solitude. Within Cyril’s narratives spiritually advanced monks continually sought more reclusive forms of asceticism for the sake of heyschia by limiting their contact with other individuals by enclosing themselves in a cell or fleeing the region entirely. The administrative and temporal duties expected of monastic leaders prevented their engagement with these practices. I argue that Lenten solitude provided abbots the temporary opportunity to engage with their desired ascetic praxis without abandoning their monastic institutions and positions as leaders. This reveals the continued interplay between institutionalized monasticism, with its connections to the imperial church, and the internally focused ascetic goals of spiritual perfection which remained at the heart of the monastic way of life in sixth-century Palestine.
Etnografia na Educação: metodologias & epistemologias
Authors: Mattos Carmen Lúcia Guimarães de
Published: October 2024

Etnografia na educação: metodologias e epistemologias é o tema desse dossiê apresentado à Revista Cadernos de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. O objeto deste conjunto de artigos é a discussão sobre as tensões entre método e epistemologia na pesquisa etnográfica. Abordagem em constante crise de legitimidade no campo da educação, a etnografia tem sido largamente utilizada como metodologia em diferentes campos do conhecimento. A Etnografia é cada vez mais explorada na Educação e o tema precisa ser compreendido de modo mais claro por pesquisadores e estudiosos da área; portanto, o Dossiê enfrenta esse desafio trazendo à luz do conhecimento acadêmico um conjunto de oito artigos e uma entrevista. Os artigos são originários de pesquisas que se dispuseram a conceituar, analisar e descrever diferentes faces da etnografia mediada pela interconexão dessas duas dimensões que, em princípio, são tomadas como antagônicas, mas que são faces da mesma moeda. O conjunto de artigos apresentados caminha entre nuances temáticas pertinentes à etnográfica clássica, como o campo de pesquisa e a pesquisa participante, até temas atuais e controversos como a Autoetnografia e a Netnografia. Os autores são ex-membros do Núcleo de Etnografia em Educação da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (NetEdu/Uerj) assim como alguns proeminentes consultores internacionais associados, entre eles destacamos a presença de Frederick Erickson, ilustre representante da etnografia em educação. Com este dossiê, se espera que o leitor se aprofunde nos temas e renove seu interesse nos mesmos de modo inovador e criativo.
O trabalho de campo na etnografia: o Estar lá e escrever aqui
Authors: Borges Luis Paulo Cruz , Almeida Sandra Maciel de , Vasconcellos Suziane de Santana
Published: October 2024

O processo de escrita de um texto etnográfico, ainda, é um desafio à pesquisa educacional. Clifford Geertz, “Obras e vidas: o antropólogo como autor”, nos leva a refletir sobre os processos de autoria pautados na antropologia moderna relacionando múltiplas dimensões do trabalho de campo. O presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre a descrição densa e as entrevistas etnográficas como formas de emergir as teorizações que produzimos a partir da empiria. Partimos do trabalho de Três pesquisas etnográficas, em tempos distintos, em nível de doutoramento no campo da Educação. Elas tratam de sujeitos que, muitas vezes, não são ouvidos: estudantes de ensino fundamental e médio de escolas públicas e mulheres privadas de liberdade. As questões propostas são: O que é o trabalho de campo etnográfico? Qual reflexividade emerge da escrita etnográfica? O campo é o cenário da escrita etnográfica em Educação? Em etnografia o pesquisador usa dois meios de coleta de dados: observar e perguntar. O que as ações das pessoas significam para elas pode ser aparente a partir da observação, no entanto, é necessário perguntar, buscando estabelecer uma relação nãohierárquica e de respeito à fala do outro. Importante enfatizar, que, as análises são permeadas por uma miríade de olhares, vozes e sentidos para a produção de conhecimento. Optamos pela escuta atenta de pessoas em situação de exclusão aos quais tem sido negado o direito à palavra, pois não se faz pesquisa, nem política pública, nem educação, sem o sujeito para a qual essas ações se dirijam.
Autoetnografia: self, identidade e reflexão como categorias de análise em etnografia
Authors: Mattos Carmen Lúcia Guimarães de , Santos Alessandra dos , Grion Valentina
Published: October 2024

A autoetnografia associada às pesquisas etnográficas desponta na literatura com as pesquisas deEllis e Bochner a partir de 1999 e nela, ganha espaço como uma alternativa às etnografias que abordam:histórias e vida, relato de si mesmo e as formas como o pesquisador/a tenta se inserir enquanto sujeito de fala na narrativa etnográfica. As questões orientadoras são: O que é autoetnografia? Como o termo tem sido conceituado e quais as categorias a ele associadas? Quais os autores mais citados nesses estudos e como eles explicam autoetnografia? Os objetivos desse artigo são: explorar o conceito de autoetnografia, identificar linhas metodológico-epistemológicas que orientaram as pesquisas analisadas e traçar um perfil conceitual das categorias associadas ao termo. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica sistemática (RBS-Roadmap) e o software Atlas.ti23 para as análise e derivação de resultados a partir de 2.200 artigos emlíngua inglesa. Desses foram selecionados 286 artigos que usavam o termo autoetnografia no título. Como resultados preliminares, apontamos que embora os artigos deem ênfase a uma escrita de si, em primeira pessoa, chamando atenção para categorias como self, identidade e reflexão, o uso excessivo da narrativa autobiográfica ou biográfica, pode tornar o empreendimento etnográfico etno, da autoetnografia, menor ou menos importante. Esse fato revela que nesses estudos o uso do termo etnografia foi associado às pesquisas etnográficas apenas para validar as narrativas de si mesmos.
Experiências e sentidos da aula na universidade: alguns apontamentos
Authors: Lima Ana Laura Godinho , Silva Vivian Batista da
Published: October 2024

Este artigo integra uma série de reflexões sobre o ensinar e o aprender na universidade. A questão fundamental que o orienta poderia ser formulada da seguinte maneira: quais condições uma aula deve reunirpara favorecer as experiências culturais e para que professores e estudantes sintam que a vida universitária vale a pena? Caminhando por referências da psicanálise, da filosofia da educação e da história da educação, as discussões sobre essa pergunta conduzem inicialmente à experiência, entendida com base nos escritos de Donald Winnicott e Jorge Larrosa. O primeiro autor assinala a experiência cultural como um dos elementos do desenvolvimento humano e o segundo autor articula o saber da experiência à aula e ao magistério. Nesse sentido, é possível entender a universidade como uma espécie de refúgio, marcado por um tempo, espaço e modos de estudo próprios. O presente artigo considera ainda práticas escolares historicamente institucionalizadas, particularmente as referentes às chamadas sebentas. Que tipo de experiências esses apontamentos,feitos pelos alunos da Universidade de Coimbra já no século XVIII para registrar as explicações de seus professores, produziram? A quais tradições eles podem nos remeter hoje? As belas descrições feitas em 1945 por Fernando de Azevedo acerca dessas práticas conduzem a pensar sobre o que Inés Dussel e MarceloCaruso denominam de “invenção da sala de aula” e permitem, assim, refletir sobre experiências que, em diferentes momentos, direcionam e dão sentido à vida universitária.
Inclusão de pessoas com deficiência e o uso de Tecnologias Assistivas (TA): percepção de docentes e discentes
Authors: Sotoriva Daiane , Neves Deize Aires , Jacques Flávia Verônica Silva , Quintana Alexandre Costa
Published: October 2024

A pesquisa analisa a percepção dos docentes e discentes no processo de inclusão de pessoas com deficiência sobre o uso de tecnologias assistivas no ensino emergencial remoto na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), sob o enfoque da Teoria Histórico-Cultural de Lev Vygotsky. Possui uma abordagem descritiva e quanto aos procedimentos foi do tipo levantamento, sendo a análise dos dados do tipo qualitativa-quantitativa. Foram utilizados questionários direcionados aos discentes e docentes dos cursos da área de negócios da instituição selecionada. Observa-se que apenas uma discente respondeu ao questionário. A análise dos resultados foi realizada de duas formas: por meio de estatística descritiva com auxílio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) e no aspecto qualitativo, por meio da análise de conteúdo. Dentre outras informações, os resultados apontam: falta de comunicação e informação, falta de apoio técnicoe dificuldade no uso da tecnologia e fragilidade por parte da instituição para a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência nos cursos da área de negócios.
Magnetostratigraphy of the upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Bolshekhetskaya structural terrace
Authors: Kolmakov Anton Yu. , Merkulov Vitaly P. , Semenova Anastasiya S. , Osipova Elizaveta N.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The confinement of hydrocarbon deposits to certain stratigraphic horizons, poor knowledge of the northeast of Western Siberia and adjacent territories, including the magnetostratigraphic method, with their oil and gas potential (over the past 10 years, four unique hydrocarbon deposits have been discovered here), the boreal nature of the deposits, and the need for remote magnetostratigraphic correlations. Aim. To create a magnetostratigraphic reference section of the northeast of Western Siberia. Objects. Sections of deep wells of the Pendomayakhskaya, Vostochno Suzunskaya, Vostochno Lodochnaya and Gorchinskaya areas of the Bolshekhetskaya structural terrace, which exposed the Lower Cretaceous and upper parts of the Upper Jurassic (Yanovstan Formation) deposits. Methods. Paleomagnetic studies were carried out according to standard methods and included sampling of core samples with an "up-down" orientation, sample preparation (kappametry, marking of samples, photographing, sawing), measurement of magnetic susceptibility, temporary cleaning (the samples were located along the field during a week, then a week-against the field with determination of residual magnetization), complete demagnetization by alternating magnetic field, plotting of complete demagnetization, mass cleaning, determination of components of natural residual magnetization, assessment of paleomagnetic stability, identification of forward and reverse polarity zones, construction of paleomagnetic sections. To construct the magnetostratigraphic sections given in this article, the paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic data are linked. For this purpose, magnetochrons were identified using biostratigraphic analysis. Results. The authors have compiled a composite magnetostratigraphic section of the boundary Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits of the Bolshekhetskaya structural terrace and identified four magnetozones with subzones of direct and reverse polarity, compared with the Berriasian ammonite scale. The high information content of the results of magnetostratigraphy research under boreal conditions was noted.
Efectos del cromo en el consumo de oxígeno y excreción de amonio en tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) de agua dulce
Authors: Oliva-Hernández Bessie Evelyn , Barbieri Edison , Pérez-Sabino Juan Francisco , Campos Rodríguez Rooel
Published: October 2024

La contaminación por cromo (VI) en cuerpos de agua ha ocurrido por la descarga de aguas residuales industriales, que pueden provenir de industria de curtiembre, minera, o galvanoplastía causando serios problemas a la fauna acuática, principalmente en peces, los cuales pueden sufrir alteraciones histopatológicas en branquias, riñones e intestinos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de cromo (0.0 (control), 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 y 30.0 mg/L) en el consumo de oxígeno y excreción de amonio en tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) de agua dulce, ya que esta especie tiene un interés alimenticio y económico en diferentes comunidades del país. Este estudio se realizó utilizando 42 peces juveniles de tilapia de un peso entre 1.0 y 3.0 gramos, los cuales fueron colocados en seis peceras con diferentes concentraciones de cromo. Después de 4 horas de exposición, se trasladaron a un sistema con recirculación de agua y en respirómetros individuales. Para cada concentración se utilizó un grupo de 7 peces, a los que se determinó el consumo de oxígeno y la excreción de amoníaco en cada respirómetro. Los resultados mostraron que al aumentar la concentración de cromo en el agua (p < 0.05), disminuyó el consumo de oxígeno hasta un 62.8% de 0.4168 mL/g/L en el grupo control a 0.1550 mL/g/h en la concentración de 30.0 mg/L de cromo. La excreción de amonio fue mayor (p < 0.05), después de haber sido expuestos los peces a una concentración de 1 mg/L de Cr6+.
Neighbourhoods of the Worst Forms of Child Labour: Centring Children’s Experiences and Perceptions
Authors: Cannon Mariah , Bhattarai Kriti , Kundu Surojit , Muhsina Mushtari , Rayamajhi Durlav , Sayem Mashrique , Aked Jody , Burns Danny
Published: October 2024

This research and evidence paper fills a critical gap in understanding how spatial and relationship neighbourhood dynamics contribute to and perpetuate worst forms of child labour from children’s perspectives. Most existing literature related to children’s work focuses on the determinants of child labour and the prevalence of child labour in relation to economic factors and cultural factors. Until recently, there has been little exploration of the role that neighbourhood dynamics play in child labour. This paper, based on evidence collected during five years of the CLARISSA programme (Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia), focuses on how child labourers experience their neighbourhoods and how the characteristics of their neighbourhoods create worst forms of child labour. It brings together findings across the programme and proposes that understanding the worst forms of child labour requires engaging with the neighbourhood dynamics in which they exist.
LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT OF MILLENNIAL LEADERS AS A CHANGE AGENT IN THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ORGANIZATION
Authors: Ardi Ardi , Meilani Yohana F. Cahya Palupi
Published: October 2024

The digital transformation era and Industry 4.0 provide ample opportunities for this generation to thrive with their rapid technological adaptation and openness to new ideas. This research examines millennial leadership behavioral development to enable them to effectively become change agents in digital organizations, using the case study of William Tanuwijaya at Tokopedia. Through a review of literature from international sources during 2020–2023, this study discusses millennial leadership theories and change management, highlighting the urgency and importance of adaptive leadership capable of managing change in the face of digital organizational challenges. The research findings indicate that millennial leadership styles vary according to organizational contexts. Millennials are confronted with change management, where organizational readiness to adapt is critical to success. Adaptive leadership, a key strategy in managing change, is crucial. Through William Tanuwijaya's leadership at Tokopedia, millennial leadership characteristics prioritizing social and environmental issues, sustainability, and the implementation of sustainable values are evident, alongside collaboration with the government to create an inclusive environment and focus on innovation and digital transformation in the economy. Leaders like William Tanuwijaya start by building teams consisting of celebrities or public figures in Indonesia to promote Tokopedia and strengthen the company's image while formulating the company's vision and initiatives, motivating employees, overcoming obstacles such as improving work efficiency, implementing successful minor changes, ensuring smooth change integration, and making change an integral part of the organizational culture and system.
Investigations of emissions of reactive substances NO2 and NH3 from passenger cars
Authors: Czerwiński Jan , Comte Pierre , Güdel Martin , Lemaire Jacques , Mayer Andreas , Heeb Norbert , Berger Heinz , Reutimann Felix
Published: October 2024

Public concern and complaints regarding ambient air in zones of dense traffic pertains to two compounds of nitrogen, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3); both are toxic and strongly irritant, such that legal limitations are under discussion. This paper contributes to measuring methods as already in part proposed by GRPE subgroup WLTP-DTP (Worldwide Light Duty Test Procedures – Diesel Test Procedures) for NO2.
Despite legally lowered NOx emission levels, lumping both, NO2 and NO, levels of NO2 have risen in cities and agglomerations as a result of both, deployed catalytic exhaust after-treatment devices and low sulphur Diesel fuels. In present tests two different combinations of NO2 measuring methods as proposed by WLTP were checked on Diesel cars for practicability in handling and accuracy. These integral, indirect methods (NO2 = NOx – NO) have been found as useful tools for estimate of NO2 and with use of appropriate analyzers a satisfactory accuracy was attained.
Furthermore, attention was brought to ammonia (NH3) emitted by gasoline engines with three way catalysts (TWC) which ought not to be ignored while on the other hand SCR systems for Diesel engines are strictly regulated. Emission levels of more recent TWC turned out to be mostly below 20 ppm NH3. Vehicle of older technology exhibited significantly higher levels, about 10 times more.
As chemical reactions depend on pressure and temperature (= i.e. flow condition in CVS-tunnel) as well as concentrations, doubts need to be considered on accuracy of results based on chemical reactive substances. Nevertheless, clear tendencies regarding changes of concentrations of NO2 and NH3 along the path-way could not be observed.
Trends and Patterns of Crime against Scheduled Tribes in States of Northern and Western Regions of India
Authors: Sarkar Sukanta
Published: October 2024

The paper discussed trends and patterns of crime against scheduled tribes in states of northern and western regions of India. It has found that highest crime against scheduled tribe(s) occurred in Rajasthan followed by Maharashtra and Gujrat. There are no incidences of crime against scheduled tribe(s) in Haryana. Incidences and victims of simple hurt, grievous hurt murder, assault on tribal women and attempt to commit murder are highest in Rajasthan followed by Maharashtra and Gujrat. Incidences and number of victims of sexual harassment is highest in Maharashtra followed by Rajasthan and Gujrat. Rajasthan has the highest incidences and victims of stalking followed by Maharashtra and Gujrat. Incidences of assault of children of scheduled tribes is highest in Maharashtra followed by Rajasthan and Gujrat. There are no incidences of kidnapping for ransom in any states of the regions. Incidences of kidnapping and abduction of women to compel her for marriage is highest in Rajasthan followed by Gujrat and Maharashtra. There are no incidences of procuration of minor girls of scheduled tribes in any state of the regions. Incidences of rape of women is higher in Rajasthan and Maharashtra. Rajasthan has the highest incidences of robbery followed by Maharashtra and Gujrat. Therefore, government of the concern states should implement proper policies for minimizing such crimes against scheduled tribes.
CIL II 4663 vs CIL II 4669
Authors: Paredes Martín Enrique
Published: October 2024

Los miliarios romanos constituyen una de las tipologías epigráficas que, a priori, ofrecen una interpretación textual más sencilla, dada la continua aparición en ellos de unas titulaturas imperiales sumamente repetitivas y, por ello, bien conocidas. Sin embargo, esta repetición de formularios prácticamente idénticos en distintas piezas, sumado a la proliferación de muchos miliarios de un mismo emperador en tramos concretos de una determinada vía romana, ha llevado en ocasiones a errores de identificación, a falsas correspondencias entre distintos miliarios e incluso a duplicidades en la investigación epigráfica sobre un mismo hito. En este trabajo, a través del análisis de la tradición que sobre ellos se tiene desde el siglo XVI, trataremos de desentrañar estos problemas al respecto de dos miliarios bien conocidos, procedentes de la Vía de la Plata, como son CIL II 4663 y CIL II 4669.
La estela del bicentenario del Trienio liberal (1820-1823)
Authors: Rújula Pedro
Published: October 2024

Las fechas del bicentenario del Trienio liberal (1820- 1823) coinciden, con doscientos años de distancia, con las de la epidemia de covid-19. Pese a las dificultades para el desarrollo de encuentros científicos, la actividad conmemorativa ha sido intensa creando una comunidad de historiadores que han debatido sobre el período y han proyectado luz sobre numerosos temas hasta ahora poco conocidos. El presente artículo hace un repaso sistemático de toda la actividad científica desarrollada en torno al primer episodio constitucional español en tiempos de paz, clasifica y organiza los diferentes tipos de resultados historiográficos y pone de manifiesto tanto sus puntos fuertes como sus espacios de sombra.
¿Nuevas miradas sobre viejos temas? La independencia de México en su bicentenario (notas historiográficas)
Authors: Escrig Josep , Frasquet Ivana
Published: October 2024

Con motivo del bicentenario de la llamada «consumación de la independencia» ha tenido lugar en la historiografía mexicana una revisión de las lecturas tradicionales sobre el momento en que se dio la transición desde el antiguo virreinato, pasando por provincia de la monarquía constitucional española, hasta un imperio constitucional independiente (1820-1823). El ciclo conmemorativo, que tuvo 2021 como la fecha central, ha estado marcado por los efectos duraderos de la pandemia, el contexto político y la gama de eventos académicos y publicaciones que han visto la luz. En este trabajo proponemos identificar algunos de los principales aportes para un conocimiento más completo y complejo del periodo. A través de ese repaso pretendemos exponer los temas que han suscitado mayor atención e interés, el enfoque que se ha adoptado para abordarlos, y aquello que se ha tendido a omitir o silenciar. Sin duda, la referencia a las implicaciones que conlleva el uso del término «consumación», como parte de los mitos fundacionales, resulta inexcusable.
Deprescribing in Older Adults: Attitudes, Awareness, Training, and Clinical Practice Among Portuguese Physicians
Authors: Pereira Anabela , Veríssimo Manuel , Ribeiro Oscar
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The importance of deprescribing in clinical practice is growing, particularly in aging populations with polypharmacy scenarios, making it a crucial matter in Portugal, one of Europe’s most aged nations. The aim of this study was to investigate deprescribing awareness, training, attitudes, and practices among Portuguese physicians to inform future healthcare strategies.Methods: A cross-sectional study using an anonymous online questionnaire was disseminated through the Portuguese Medical Association. It gathered sociodemographic and professional data, and insights into deprescribing awareness, attitudes, training, and practices. Descriptive statistics were summarized as frequencies, percentages, medians, and interquartile ranges. For inferential analysis, the Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to evaluate categorical variables, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for continuous variables. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.Results: A total of 425 valid questionnaires were included. The participants were mostly women (61.6%), with a median age of 45 (IQR 34 - 42). General practice/family medicine (34.1%) and internal medicine (16.2%) were the most common medical specialties. While 81.2% of the respondents were familiar with the term ‘deprescribing’, 55.4% reported no training. A vast majority (91.9%) reported practicing deprescribing, but a smaller fraction employed specific methodologies to deprescribe (39.8%) and criteria for identifying potentially inappropriate medications (38.7%). Training in deprescribing was significantly associated with higher deprescribing awareness (p < 0.001), the use of specific deprescribing methods (p < 0.001), the use of criteria to identify potentially inappropriate medications (p < 0.001) and having certification in geriatrics by the Portuguese Medical Association (p = 0.006). Family physicians showed higher familiarity with and training in deprescribing than hospital-based specialists (p < 0.001). Deprescribing methodologies were adopted more often by family physicians than by hospital-based specialists (p = 0.004).Conclusion: This study highlights widespread deprescribing awareness among Portuguese physicians, while simultaneously uncovering considerable gaps in training and inconsistencies in its application. These findings highlight the pressing need for targeted educational initiatives that could contribute to medication optimization for older adults in the national healthcare system. Furthermore, these findings emphasize the importance of policy development and medical education in promoting safe deprescribing.
El camino obrero. Historia del sindicalismo mexicano, 1907-2017, de Saúl Escobar Toledo
Authors: Delgado Selley Orlando
Published: October 2024

Saúl Escobar Toledo (2021). El camino obrero. Historia del sindicalismo mexicano, 1907-2017. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Kajian Dampak Program Kampung Keluarga Berkualitas terhadap Percepatan Penurunan Stunting di Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Lestari Lily Arsanti , Helmyati Siti , Kusuma Mutiara Tirta Prabandari Lintang , Rachmawati Yuliana Novita , Suryani Ita
Published: October 2024

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan permasalahan gizi prioritas di Indonesia. Prevalensi nasional saat ini sebesar 21,6%, di Provinsi DIY 16,4% dan di Kabupaten Sleman 15%. Program Kampung Keluarga Berkualitas (KB) merupakan inovasi yang dikembangkan untuk mengakselerasi penurunan stunting. Program ini menitikberatkan pada pemberdayaan keluarga di bidang kesehatan, pendidikan, dan ekonomi.
Tujuan: Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan dan dampak program Kampung KB di Kabupaten Sleman dalam dinamika konvergensi dengan program penurunan stunting lainnya.
Metode: Kajian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi analisis dokumen, diskusi kelompok terarah, wawancara mendalam, dan jurnal reflektif. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap 11 narasumber dan dilakukan 4 sesi diskusi kelompok terarah. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis tematik.
Hasil: Terdapat 34 Kampung KB pada tahun 2022 di Kabupaten Sleman. Dari proses analisa data diperoleh 3 tema utama yaitu penerimaan terhadap program, sinergi dengan program stunting yang lain, dan tata kelola program. Beberapa organisasi perangkat daerah dan tenaga penggerak masyarakat yang terlibat dalam penanganan stunting di Kabupaten Sleman belum memahami konsep program Kampung KB, baik dari segi sasaran, target, maupun indikator capaian program, sehingga memengaruhi penerimaan stakeholder dan sinergi dengan program stunting lainnya. Program ini juga mengalami perubahan tata kelola dimana terjadi migrasi sistem dan penyesuaian dengan tata kelembagaan setempat yang memengaruhi efektivitas penyelenggaraan program.
Kesimpulan: Diperlukan penguatan sosialisasi dan koordinasi agar dampak program Kampung KB lebih optimal dalam percepatan penurunan stunting. Konteks kelembagaan di setiap provinsi juga perlu dipertimbangkan agar penerimaan program lebih baik.
Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Sputum Conversion Time in Drug-Resistant Pulmonary TB Patients at Dr. Soebandi Regional General Hospital, Jember
Authors: Rahami Nahla Ahmad , Dewi Rosita , Raharjo Angga Mardro , Abrori Cholis , Hermansyah Yuli , Shodikin Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity in drug-resistant (DR) pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients can be associated with the treatment outcome. In DR-TB patients with DM, the immune system is impaired, which will decrease the success of treatment. Sputum conversion time is an indicator used to predict the treatment outcome. However, there is still no further study related to the association between DM comorbidity and the sputum conversion time in DR-TB patients, especially in Jember. This study aimed to determine the association between DM and sputum conversion time in DR-TB patients at Dr. Soebandi Regional General Hospital, Jember.
Methods: This was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 122 samples of DR-TB patients were taken using the purposive sampling method in 2018-2023 at Dr. Soebandi Regional General Hospital, Jember. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square and logistic regression statistical test.
Results: Chi-square analysis showed that DM (p = 0.015; OR = 2.604; 95% CI 1.195-5.674) and age (p = 0.021; OR = 0.377; 95% CI 0.162-0.878) were associated with sputum conversion time. Logistic regression showed that DM was the most associated variable with the sputum conversion time (p = 0.016; OR = 2.604; 95% CI 1.195-5.674) compared to gender, age, TB resistance type, and anti-TB regimen.
Conclusion: DM is associated with prolonged sputum conversion time in DR-TB patients at Dr. Soebandi Regional General Hospital, Jember. DM was also the most associated variable with the sputum conversion time compared to gender, age, TB resistance type, and anti-TB regimen.
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as a Prognostic Marker in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing First-Line Treatment
Authors: Dewi Dinda Ary Miranda , Setyawan Ungky Agus , Karliasari Liana
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is one of the systemic inflammatory markers that play a role in detecting the degree of sepsis in the cancer microenvironment. A high NLR, with a dominant predominance of neutrophil cells, can release cytokines and chemokines that induce cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Conversely, a low NLR, predominately of lymphocyte cells, can activate the immune system to handle chronic inflammation. From its mechanism of action, NLR is often used to predict the future prognosis and survival rate of cancer patients. This study aimed to analyze the effect of first-line therapy in lung cancer patients with an alternative prognostic indicator in the form of changes in NLR values confirmed by the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST).
Methods: This study used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach and was conducted using secondary data samples from the medical records of lung cancer patients treated at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang.
Results: Spearman’s correlation analysis between NLR and RECIST revealed a relationship (p = 0.001). Determining the NLR cut-off point using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve yielded a value of 3.55, with NLR sensitivity and specificity at 69.44% and 69.76%, respectively. The therapy administration to lung cancer patients significantly decreased NLR (p = 0.032).
Conclusion: NLR is a valuable tool for routinely monitoring therapy outcomes in lung cancer patients and can be considered an alternative prognostic marker due to its promising results.
Assessment of Quality of Life in Advanced-Stage Lung Cancer Patients Using EORTC QLQ-C30 Questionnaire
Authors: Ariantika Ariantika , Lubis Rahayu , Asfriyati Asfriyati , Ashar Taufik , Nurmaini Nurmaini , Soeroso Noni Novisari , Siregar Kamal Basri , Lim Darren Wan-Teck
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) is a multidomain concept that assesses a person through health status, functional status, and symptoms. The patient's QoL is greatly reduced due to the course of disease, severity of symptoms, and side effects of chemotherapy treatment. This study aimed to assess the QoL in advanced lung cancer patients using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30).
Methods: This descriptive and observational study was conducted at the Pulmonary Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Hospital from February to July 2024, with a cross-sectional design using patient medical records and EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire was analyzed with a score formula and categorized as good, moderate, and bad. The sample was 100 lung cancer patients using a purposive sampling technique according to the criteria.
Results: The results showed that almost all QoL was in the moderate category (80%). The general health status was mostly in the moderate category (61.66%), the functional status was mostly in the good category (75.35%), and the symptoms were in the moderate category (35.65%). In the functional scale, the role domain had the lowest mean, 69.99 ± 29.43. In the symptoms scale, the pain domain had the highest mean, 52.66 ± 29.43.
Conclusion: The overall QoL of lung cancer patients was in the moderate category, lower than the healthy population. It needs to be improved, especially in the role domain, by providing supportive-expressive group therapy.
The Cancer Mycobiome: A Highlight to Lung Cancer
Authors: Yuwono Edho , Zaini Jamal , Rozaliyani Anna
Published: October 2024

Microbiota is a collection of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, with bacteria being the most numerous in the human body. Meanwhile, the mycobiome consists of commensal fungi, which are a small part of the microbiota. Examples found in the human body, from the skin to the internal organs, play a role in the immune response, homeostasis, metabolism, and disease. The composition of mycobiome varies over time, and the human intestine is the most studied organ due to the diversity of microbiota. Furthermore, lung cancer is the leading cause of death in oncology patients worldwide. Various studies suggest that mycobiomes play a role in cancer associated with dysbiosis. Chronic inflammation, biofilm formation, and carcinogen products are parts of cancer pathogenesis. Metagenome analysis has provided information about the diversity of microbiota, specifically mycobiome in the human body. The common method for gene sequencing in the metagenome is next-generation sequencing (NGS). Analysis through metagenomes in chronic diseases such as cancer shows that mycobiomes play a role in the process of cancer formation. However, the causal relationship between mycobiomes and cancer remains unknown.
Design and Implementation of Home Industrial-Based Automatic Granulated Food Weighing Machine
Authors: Galina Mia
Published: October 2024

Automation activities are now required in manufacturing processes. This process can provide very effective and efficient performance results, particularly for industrial processes that require a specific standard, such as those used in the granulated food product industry, such as sugar, rice, coffee, and other products. Fast, sanitary packaging processes and standard weights are the main focus of the manufacturing process. This is not a significant barrier at the level of an established industry, whereas, in traditional processes, this is still the main impediment since automated weighing systems at reasonable prices are still challenging to come by in small and medium-sized businesses. This study proposes the development of a prototype weighing mode that can maintain the weight accuracy of powder materials (sugar, rice, and coffee) before they are placed in product packaging. The research employed the experimental method, utilizing a load cell sensor and a screw conveyor to precisely measure the weight of powder raw materials based on the user-specified size and parameters. It is also equipped with a data deviation memory. Some testing was conducted to ensure the accuracy of the prototype. Based on the test results, this system can work with an accuracy rate of 99.693% at parameters 120 grams and 99.677% when testing the weight of powder raw materials of 120 grams, 125 grams, and 175 grams, respectively.
Rupiah Banknotes Detection Comparison of The Faster R-CNN Algorithm and YOLOv5
Authors: Hanif Muhammad Zuhdi , Saputra Wahyu Andi , Choo Yit Hong , Yunus Andi Prademon
Published: October 2024

Money is an essential part of human life. Humans are never separated from activities related to money. As time goes by, money is not only a means of transactions between humans but also between humans and machines. Machines can recognize money in various ways, including object detection. Object detection is one of the most popular branches of computer vision. There are many methods for carrying out object detection, such as Faster R-CNN and YOLO. Faster R-CNN has been widely used in various fields to perform object detection tasks. Faster R-CNN has advantages over its predecessor because it uses a Region Proposal Network (RPN) as a substitute for selective search, which requires less compilation time. YOLO (You Only Look Once) is the most frequently used object detection method. This method divides the image into grids; each part of the grid predicts objects and their probabilities. The main advantages of YOLO are its high speed and ability to recognize objects in various conditions and positions with reasonably high accuracy. This research compares the Faster R-CNN algorithm model using the ResNet-50 architecture with YOLOv5 to recognize rupiah banknotes. The dataset used is 1120 images consisting of 8 classes. The YOLOv5 model trained on RGB data had the best results, with calculation accuracy reaching 1. Test results on three images also showed suitable results. The hope is that this research can be applied in other research to build a system for recognizing rupiah banknotes.
Design and Building of a Breeding House for IoT-based Goat Farming
Authors: Jumi Jumi
Published: October 2024

Abstract —  Goat farming is an industry that supplies goat meat for food purposes. This makes goats have a high potential to boost the economy of the community as their meat products are needed by everyone. These conditions motivate farmers to improve the quality of livestock maintenance so that the livestocks produced are of the highest quality.  The development of information technology has facilitated a wide range of human activities, including monitoring activities in goat cages. The use of Information Technology helps farmers to improve the quality of livestock maintenance. The large cage area and the distance between cages and communal settlements are the main reasons for the planned IoT-based cage.
This research has developed an IoT-based goat cage design that can be used to monitor livestock maintenance in real time via a website or Android. The methods used in this study were cattle identity information, cattle health through body temperature, cage.
The biological foundations of fixation: a general theory
Authors: Dielenberg Robert A.
Published: October 2024

This article attempts to develop a generalized theory of fixations. A literature survey reveals three levels of description: physiological, systemic, and cognitive-behavioral. Examples of each level are provided, followed by a focus on cognitive-behavioral fixations. A cognitive-behavioral fixation is typically an obsessive preoccupation with a single idea, impulse, or aim that interferes with normal behavior. However, this definition is argued to be too narrow, as fixations are fundamental to all biological systems and only become maladaptive when something goes wrong. Fixations form the basis of stable cognition and behavior through projection, where the organism imposes cognitive content on itself and the world to form stable percepts. This leads to the idea that the brain functions as a fixation-projection machine. The second half of this article briefly examines religious fixations, the most pervasive in terms of cognition and behavior, focusing on how children give up belief in Santa Claus but retain belief in God into adulthood. The concept of a fixation network is used to explain the mechanism behind this phenomenon. This article concludes with the hypothesis that a fixation network can only be weakened by first dissolving the auxiliary fixations that have accrued to core fixations in the network.