bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Various Surface Treatment on the New Digitally Manufactured Materials Versus the Conventional Materials – In Vitro Study
Authors: Qutub Osama Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Background: Clinical benefits of resilient denture liners have been recognized in prosthodontic practice for many
years. The elastic behavior of the soft lining materials is designed to distribute functional and non-functional
stress on denture-supporting tissues. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 dumbbell-shaped test specimens were
prepared from two different heat cure denture base materials. They are divided into two groups. Group (A) was
prepared from heat cure poly-methylmethacrylate resin (PMMA) and Group (B) was prepared from computeraided
design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) acrylic resin denture base material. A temporary
soft-liner type was used. The denture base specimens of (Group A and Group B) were subdivided equally into
three subgroups. 3 mm was marked and sectioned on the specimens with fissure burs and removed to create
a uniform space for the application of soft liner. The interface surface of each specimen and the denture base
resin surface were conditioned by three surface treatment modalities: 1 – specimens were polished using silicone
carbide papers of grit size, 2 – using air abrasion by 50 μm aluminum oxide particle, 3 – by application of 3 M
Scotchbond dental adhesive. Tensile bond strength (TBS) was tested for the specimens of each subgroup after
thermocycling. Results: The mean of TBS of subgroup (A3) and subgroup (B3) specimens treated with 3M
Scotch bond was significantly higher than the other subgroups. Conclusion: The surface treatment of PMMA
and CAD/CAM denture base specimens with primer followed using an adhesive bond of 3M Scotch bond had an
effective and superior TBS.
Melatonin’s Potential Protection against Testicular Damage Caused by Formaldehyde
Authors: A. Ali Ali Hassan
Published: January 2025

Background: Hospitals and industrial settings both use the chemical molecule formaldehyde. The pineal gland
releases the endogenous hormone melatonin. There are antioxidant properties of melatonin. Aim of Study: This
study sought to identify the aberrant histological alterations in adult albino rats’ testicles brought on by formaldehyde
as well as any potential preventive benefits of taking a melatonin medication in addition to formaldehyde.
Material and Methods: Three sets of 30 mature rats weighing between 190 and 210 g were created; Group I
(control): For a month, rats in this group received intraperitoneal injections of 5% ethanol once every 2 days.
Group II (Group treated with formaldehyde): For a month, rats received intraperitoneal injections of formaldehyde
at a dose of 10 mg-kg BW 1 time every other day. The last group, which was treated with both melatonin and
formaldehyde, involved injecting rats intraperitoneally with 10 mg-kg BW of formaldehyde and 25 mg/kg BW
of melatonin an hour later. For a month, both medications were administered once every other day. The testes
were removed from the rats, and prepared for light microscopy using hematoxylin and eosin. Results: Rats
given formaldehyde showed tubular degeneration, thicker tunica albuginea, loss of normal tubule architecture,
degenerated nuclei with thickened and indented nuclear envelope, and a karyolitic nucleus. Rats given both
formaldehyde and melatonin treatment showed a clear improvement in the prior changes. Conclusion: It is
necessary to provide melatonin to employees in the anatomy department and food industries because it was found
that formaldehyde caused histological changes in the testis. These changes were improved by the use of melatonin.
However, more research is needed to determine the appropriate dosage and administration method for humans.
Investigating Skin Permeation Behavior, Skin Irritation and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Diclofenac Diethylamine Novel Formulation Prepared using Shea Butter as Absorption Base with Nerolidol as Permeability Enhancer
Authors: Aher Rutuja
Published: January 2025

Background: The present investigation was to study the drug permeation of diclofenac diethylamine (DDEA) cream
prepared using shea butter as the absorption base and nerolidol as a permeability enhancer and also to evaluate skin
irritation and anti-inflammatory study of prepared cream on Wistar rats in comparison with marketed formulation.
Materials and Methods: The cream prepared using shea butter and nerolidol was assessed for permeation study
through rat skin. The three formulations mainly F0 (without nerolidol), F5 (containing 0.5% nerolidol), and the
marketed formulation were assessed for % drug permeation through rat skin along with an estimation of flux and
permeability coefficient. A skin irritation study of a placebo, F0, and F5 formulation was carried out on Wistar rats.
Anti-inflammatory study of transdermal cream formulation of control, placebo, F0, F5, and marketed formulation
was evaluated for anti-inflammatory study on Wistar rat using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method.
Results: The F5 formulation showed enhanced drug permeation as compared to the F0 and marketed formulation.
The flux value F5 formulation was found to be 0.3942 ± 0.009 g/cm2/min as compared to F0 and marketed formulation
which were found to be 0.2789 ± 0.013 g/cm2/min and 0.2730 ± 0.0110 g m/cm2/min, respectively. The permeability
coefficient for the F5 formulation was found to be 2.370 × 10-5 m/s as compared to F0 and marketed formulations
which were found to be 1.680 × 10-5 and 1.640 × 10-5 m/s, respectively. The F0 and F5 formulations were found to be
non-irritant and no edema was observed on its application. F5 formulation showed significant inhibition of edema
in rat paw volume induced by carrageenan as compared to control, placebo, Std, and F0 batches. Conclusion: The
study demonstrates that the F5 formulation prepared using shea butter as an absorption base and containing 0.5% w/v
of nerolidol as a permeability enhancer showed a better permeation of DDEA through rat skin, non-irritant in nature
and significant anti-inflammatory activity as compared to F0 and marketed formulation.
Effect of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors on Renal Outcome in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Imran Mohd
Published: January 2025

Diabetic nephropathy is a common microvascular consequence, described by a persistent rise in albuminuria or
a considerable fall in the predictable estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-
4) inhibitors are frequently utilized to treat diabetes mellitus (DM), although it’s unclear how significant these
drugs are in terms of specific renal outcomes (RO). This study aims to determine the impact of DPP-4 inhibitors
(DPP4-I) on renal consequences in individuals with DM. The relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Google
Scholar, and SciHub, and then filtered concurring to the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The preferred reporting
item for systematic reviews and meta-analysis criteria were adhered to, and the extracted data were evaluated using
the RevMan software. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated in addition to the overall estimate measure.
I-squared (I2) statistics were used to assess the studies’ heterogeneity. The qualitative evaluations of publication bias
were done using the funnel plot. Ten randomized controlled studies with a total of 39,124 people were eligible for
the investigation. At 24 weeks, eGFR in DM patients was not substantially affected by the DPP4-I (mean differences
[MD] 4.31; 95% CI −4.93, 13.54; P < 0.00001, heterogeneity I2 = 95%; P = 0.36). Further at 52 weeks also, the
changes in eGFR were found non-significant (MD 0.24 [−1.68, 2.16]) as compared to the control group (CG). The
changes in urine albumin-creatinine ratio were also found non-significant as compared to the CG. The adverse events
in the DPP4-I groups were also found non-significant as compared to the CG which indicates the safety of DPP4-I.
Overall, more randomized clinical trials are required to confirm the exact role of DPP4-I on RO in DM.
Green Tea Extract’s Hepatoprotective Properties against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Damage
Authors: A. Ali Ali Hassan
Published: January 2025

Background: Consuming green tea has been linked to a decreased risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and
neurological diseases. For this reason, green tea extract has been added to diets along with other multivitamins
and supplements. Aim of the Work: investigating the impact of cyclophosphamide (CP) on male albino rat livers
and the potential protective function of green tea extract. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male albino
rats were used in the current study. Three equal groups were formed out of them, each with eight rats. For 9 weeks,
Group I (the control group) received I. P. (intraperitoneal) injections of normal saline at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body
weight twice a week. Group II received 2 weeks of intraperitoneal injections of CP at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day.
Group III: For 2 weeks, rats received intraperitoneal injections of 150 mg/kg/day of CP in addition to 3 weeks of
oral green tea extracts (50 mg/kg/day). Results: The livers of rats given CP exhibited a number of histological
and histochemical alterations. Green tea was used to ameliorate these modifications. Conclusion: The current
study demonstrated the preventative and curative effects of green tea on albino rats’ livers following CP exposure.
Use of Bioactives from Carica papaya Seeds in Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Rima R. Patil
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Papaya seeds are a rich source of proteins, fat, fibers, vitamins, minerals, monounsaturated fatty
acids, polyphenols, and powerful antioxidants like flavonoids. Carica papaya is used for treating skin, fungal,
viral, digestive, and dental disorders, as well as cancer, kidney, and nervous disorders. The bioavailability of a
drug can be improved with the use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) if it is not very water-soluble. The targeted
and controlled release of medications is another possible application. The objective of this research is to create
and assess bioactive SLNs derived from C. papaya seeds. Materials and Methods: The ripe, shade-dried papaya
seeds were first powdered and extracted using the Soxhlet method to obtain crude extract. Glycosides, alkaloids,
tannins, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids were all assessed during the phytochemical examination. The SLNs
of extract were formulated by a solvent evaporation method using Stearic acid as lipid and poloxamer 188 as
surfactant. Several of characteristics were used to assess the prepared SLNs, including encapsulation efficiency,
in vitro dissolution studies, zeta potential, particle size, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Chemical
confirmation of the produced SLNs was achieved using Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) and powder X-ray
diffractometry (XRD) analyses. The thermal stability of SLNs was studied with the help of differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC). Results and Discussion: The improved formulation had a zeta potential of −28.4 mV and a
polydispersity index of 0.021, and its particle size was determined to be 124.1 ± 22.3 nm. The effectiveness of
drug encapsulation was determined to be 80.98 ± 1.59. Formation of SLN confirmed by TEM, FT-IR analysis,
powder XRD, and DSC showed no unwanted peaks. The thermal stability of SLN was analyzed with the help
of DSC. An in vitro drug release study showed 89.30 ± 0.55% release of the drug in 12 h. Conclusion: The
evaluation results indicate an effective SLN formulation that might be used for antidiabetic effect.
O IMPACTO DA MASTECTOMIA RADICAL NA VIDA DA MULHER
Authors: Guimarães Thalita Moreira Faria
Published: January 2025

O câncer de mama é uma neoplasia que devasta o sujeito feminino. É considerada uma patologia que causa sofrimento tanto físico quanto psicológico na mulher. Este trabalho propõe uma análise sobre os impactos da mastectomia radical na mulher. Para tanto, tem como objetivo investigar as repercussões psicológicas, sociais, profissionais em mulheres com câncer de mama que foram submetidas à mastectomia radial ou conservadora. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos publicados no período de 2000 a 2019. De acordo com os estudos, foi verificado que a mulher sofre ao submeter-se o processo da mastectomia que interfere diretamente nos diversos papéis sociais que a mulher possui como também seu núcleo familiar. Dessa forma, é crucial a atuação do psicólogo hospitalar neste cuidado, com o papel de acolhedor, num período complexo para a mulher, visando o bem estar do paciente contribuindo para qualidade na comunicação entre paciente, família e profissionais da saúde envolvidos.
RELATÓRIO DE SUSTENTABILIDADE, POPULAR REPORTING E RELATO INTEGRADO: UMA ANÁLISE DO GRAU DE LEGIBILIDADE NO SETOR PÚBLICO
Authors: Porto Thaiane de Aguiar
Published: January 2025

Este trabalho busca avaliar as ferramentas de prestação de contas, através dos graus de legibilidade do popular reporting, do relatório de sustentabilidade e do relato integrado, em cenários estaduais específicos (SC, BA e RO). Essas iniciativas de relatório visam promover uma divulgação mais coerente e efetiva, permitindo que o setor público construa confiança com as partes interessadas. Foi feita uma análise da literatura referente às três ferramentas, levantamento da forma de apresentação dos relatórios e em seguida realizado o cálculo do índice de legibilidade. Os resultados indicaram que os documentos analisados tiveram seus conteúdos classificados com um nível de leitura muito difícil, apresentando conteúdos de textos densos, ainda pouco entendíveis e com clareza diminuída para leigos nos assuntos, comprometendo então a finalidade de comunicação. Também foi discutido o fato de que os padrões disponíveis têm mais semelhanças do que diferenças, existindo o risco de novas ferramentas não cumprirem sua função de melhoria significativa na prestação de contas.
Examining the role of sustainable luxury in the tourism sector
Authors: Gutuleac Rada , Ferraris Alberto , Rizzo Cristian
Published: January 2025

Sustainable luxury in the tourism sector is an emerging trend that aims to reconcile the pursuit of high-end travel experiences with environmental and social responsibility. This paradigm shift represents a direct response to the growing demand for luxury offerings that go beyond mere opulence, instead favoring sustainable practices. Despite the growth reached by sustainable luxury in the last years, extant literature focused on understanding consumers’ motivation thereby neglecting the possible interplay between cultural and personality factors.This chapter aims to identify how tourists’ involvement in sustainable luxury services may vary between consumers with different cultural contexts and levels of consciousness. Based on an empirical study, we show that tourists with a high cultural context tend to display a greater involvement toward sustainable luxury services. This suggests that individuals who are more influenced by cultural norms are likely to embrace sustainable practices and luxury experiences that align with environmental and social responsibility. Interestingly, among tourists with a low cultural context, the individual trait of conscientiousness may favor involvement in sustainable luxury. Grounding on these findings, we identify possible targeting strategies that may help managers in the tourism sector develop more effective marketing communication campaigns.
The role of resident’s perception in sustainable community centred tourism management
Authors: Abad Galzacorta Marina , Fernández-Villarán Ara Asunción , Goytia Prat Ana , Espinosa Uresandi Nagore
Published: January 2025

Understanding residents´ attitudes towards tourism and engaging local communities is central for sustainable tourism destination management. It is a crucial factor in tourism governance and an important field of research. Literature on clustering tourism community members with the focus of discerning residents’ view on tourism have all identified host groups with similar responses to segmentation criteria, such as sociodemographic characteristics, psychographic and behavioural variables, or emotions. There is still a gap regarding the segmentation of the local population based on their perceptions of tourism. This is evident given the prevalence of studies carried out in consolidated destinations, so, this research aims to explore different theoretical perspectives at different stages of the tourism development cycle for application to destination management. The work analyses residents of unconsolidated tourism destinations in which there are no episodes of over-tourism, except in very specific cases. In fact, Gipuzkoa is neither a mass tourism destination, nor a very popular urban tourism destination. The chapter aims to provide a preventive and responsible management tool for destinations in the development and consolidation phase.
Potential of Hydroxysafflor yellow A, the main compound of Kasumba Turate (Carthamus tinctorius ) as Anti-Inflammatory in Lung, Liver and Cardiac Tissues: A Literature Review
Authors: Hansur Lismayana , Aras Dara Ugi , Endah Dwijayanti
Published: January 2025

Inflammation is the body's physiological response to stimuli such as infection, trauma and chronic disease. Its exacerbation can lead to deterioration in health and damage to tissues in organs such as the lungs, kidneys and liver. The drive behind the development of anti-inflammatory drugs is to improve treatment efficacy and reduce adverse effects. The primary aim of this article is to deliberate on the pharmacological properties of compound from C.tinctorius as an anti-inflammatory agent. Through an extensive study of data we made a literature review of 17 research conducted to unravel the potential of compound from C.tinctorius as an anti-inflammatory agent. The ability of Carthamus tinctorius to alleviate inflammation is demonstrated by its ability to inhibit the activation of the NF-κB pathway and suppress the binding of the TGF-β1 promoter. These molecular processes hold the promise of ameliorating lung injury by attenuating the inflammatory response through suppression of the TLR 4-dependent signalling pathway, thereby improving the health of rats suffering from pulmonary fibrosis, a condition characterised by inflammation and vascular tissue repair. In addition, compounds in C. tinctorius are effective in reducing T lymphocyte (CD4) apoptosis in sepsis through their anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism is also demonstrated by reducing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 in the lungs, kidneys and liver.
Narrative Review: Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Various Fish Species
Authors: Mufidah Aidatul , Rahayu Wiranti Sri , Utami Pri Iswati
Published: January 2025

Collagen is a significant biomaterial in medical applications because of its unique properties, such as biodegradability and low antigenicity. As a result, collagen has been used in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. Most commercial collagen is derived from cow skin, pig skin, or chicken waste. These terrestrial animal sources are inappropriate for many religious and ethnic groups, present regulatory and quality control challenges, and might contain contaminants and biological toxins, including BSE (mad cow disease). This review summarizes an overview of recent research conducted from 2014 to 2024 on collagen extraction from fish. Data were retrieved from online publications on the Pubmed database and covered fish collagen, extracts, and characterization. Fish by-products have been shown to be useful for producing collagen that can substitute porcine and bovine sources. Collagen extracted from fish body parts is classified as type 1. Some typical marine collagen characterization methods thats are often used are FTIR and SDSPAGE. Fish by-products have been proven to be valuable to produce collagen which can replace porcine and bovine sources. Fish by-products may be an alternative to the more prevalent collagen extraction methods.
Review Selaginella's Potential for Anticancer
Authors: Amin Rosa , Faghfirlie  , Maryati  , Primada Hari Anugrahini Cita
Published: January 2025

Selaginella is a popular herbal remedy for its antioxidants, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive properties. Several studies have reported Selaginella's potential as an anticancer and co- chemotherapy agent. This narrative review aims to investigate Selaginella's potential as an anticancer agent and co-chemotherapy with doxorubicin. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. In total, 27 articles were selected. The results showed that Selaginella extract had cytotoxic activity against cancer cells T47D, MCF-7, A549, LLC, HeLa, Bel-7402, HT-29, 7721, P-388, and NCI- H460. One of the compounds contained and studied its mechanism is amentoflavone. Amentoflavone induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Amentoflavone also inhibited invasion and migration of A549 and HT29 cancer cells. The combination with doxorubicin indicates that Selaginella and amentoflavone extracts could increase the anticancer effects of doxorubicin in vivo by decreasing the tumor volume in the cancer cell-induced animals. These results demonstrate Selaginella's potential as a chemotherapeutic agent to enhance the anticancer effects of doxorubicin. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to have more insights and evidence regarding its activity.
Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Curcumin Content Obtained from E-Commerce
Authors: Dwi Framono Indra , Hardani Prisma Trida , Purbosari Ira
Published: January 2025

Among the curcuminoid compounds, curcumin is the dominant component and has promising hepatoprotective activity. Although the curcumin content in turmeric rhizomes varies, it is not less than 3.82%. The pharmacological effectiveness of curcumin is highly dependent on accurate and consistent dosage. Along with the rise of traditional medicine sales through e-commerce, determining curcumin levels is crucial to ensure product safety, efficacy, and quality. This study aims to measure the curcumin content in turmeric capsules obtained from e-commerce using the reversed-phase HPLC method with octadecylsilane stationary phase (C18), mobile phase HPLC grade methanol: 0.5% phosphoric acid (60:40), flow rate 0.8 ml/min with a wavelength of 425 nm. The validation parameters tested were selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. The results showed that the reversed phase HPLC method has good selectivity with the same Rt value 2.624 and Rs ≥ 1.5 on curcumin standard obtained RS of 1.70 and 1.88 on the sample. The linearity test results obtained an R value of 0.9999 means that it meets the requirements of R > 0.99. The accuracy test with 80% addition is 96.141% ± 0.682, 100% addition is 94.081% ± 5.789 and 120% addition is 94.591% ± 5.723. In the repeatability test % RSD values obtained were 0.789%, 6.153%, and 5.500% respectively, which means that the %RSD < 8% is qualified. In the LOD and LOQ results obtained 0.917 µg/mL and 3.058 µg/mL. Validation of analytical methods in accordance with established requirements. The curcumin content produced in samples that have a BPOM license is higher at 12.757% ± 0.7177 than those that do not have a BPOM license which is 0.187633% ± 0.00583.
The Effect of Banana Pell (Musa paradisiaca L) Ethanol Extract on The Blood Glucose Level of Diabetic Mice with Alloxan Induction
Authors: Jazilah Nur , Fifteen Aprila Fajrin  , Hidayati Sholihatil , Usman Mohammad Rofik
Published: January 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insufficient insulin hormones, or the inability to use insulin effectively. One of the traditional medicine use with DM is to control their blood glucose levels using herbal plants, namely the banana peel plant (Musa paradisiaca L.) which is rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract banana peel EEBP on glucose levels in mice with alloxan induction. The design of this study was a laboratory experiment, using male white mice (Mus musculus L) Balb/c strain, which were induced with alloxan at a dose of 200 mg/kg.bw. The mice were divided into six groups, namely normal, negative (CMC Na 0.5%), positive (glibenclamide 5 mg/kg.bw), and three groups of EEBP at a dose of 100 mg/kg.bw, 200 mg/kg.bw, and 400 mg/kg.bw. Blood glucose levels were evaluated on day 3 after induction, as well as day 7 and 14 after treatment. Blood glucose level data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by LSD post hoc test with 95% confidence level. The 400 mg/kg.bw dose of banana peel ethanol extract showed the highest percentage reduction in blood glucose levels, namely 65.83% ± 0.800, compared to other doses. Based on LSD statistical test, doses of 200 mg/kg.bw and 400 mg/kg.bw of EEBP showed no significant difference compared to the positive control (p>0.05). The optimal dose for reducing blood glucose levels in DM mice induced by alloxan is the treatment of EEBP in doses of 200 mg/kg.bw and 400 mg/kg.bw
The Quality of Life Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy and The Factors Affecting It in a Regional Hospital in Gianyar
Authors: Yuliawati Agustina Nila , Dewanti Ni Putu Natasya , Ratnasari Pande Made Desy
Published: January 2025

The effects of breast cancer and chemotherapy can impact the quality of life (QOL) of patients. However, QOL can also be influenced by various characteristics directly related to them. This study aimed to analyze the QOL of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and the factors that can affect it. It was cross-sectional study conducted at a hospital in Gianyar, Bali in May-June 2024, with a sample of 135 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, selected using the purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria required patients to have complete medical records and to agree to participate in the study, while those who did not fully complete the questionnaire were excluded. The research instrument used the EORTC QLQ C-30 and EORTC QLQ BR-23 questionnaires to assess QOL, as well as data collection sheets for personal and clinical information. Data were analyzed using  Spearman's  rho test, Eta test,  and Mann-Whitney U-test, (CI 95%). Findings showed the majority of the respondents were <60 years old (84.4%), female (100.0%), had completed elementary school (46.7%), were employed (56.2%), lived far from health facilities (75.6%), had stage 2 cancer (48.1%), received treatment >3 times per month (51.9%), had no comorbidities (96.3%), underwent a combination of injection and oral chemotherapy (37.8%), and had an average QOL score of 93.2±8.9. Type of chemotherapy and comorbidities correlated with the QOL of the patients (p<0.001), while sociodemographic characteristics did not. Positive support from health workers, family, and the patient's environment was suspected to contribute to a good QOL.
Advances in Antibiotic-Loaded Nanofibers for the Treatment of Bone Infections: A Review
Authors: Imanto Teguh , Nonni Soraya Sambudi  , Khadijah Zai  , Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman
Published: January 2025

Antibiotic-loaded nanofiber-based drug delivery systems represent a novel approach to treating complex bone infections, particularly osteomyelitis caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These systems offer localized, sustained drug release, significantly reducing systemic side effects and mitigating the development of antibiotic resistance. This review evaluates advancements in electrospun nanofibers with biodegradable polymers like Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Polycaprolactone (PCL), which ensure controlled drug release while supporting bone regeneration. A systematic search using PRISMA guidelines across ScienceDirect and ACS Publication databases (2020-2024) identified 42 relevant studies. The inclusion of bioactive agents such as hydroxyapatite in nanofibers was found to enhance antibacterial properties and accelerate tissue regeneration. The review demonstrates that antibiotic-loaded nanofibers offer a promising, targeted therapeutic alternative to conventional treatments, particularly for osteomyelitis and similar challenging bone infections. Future research directions will focus on optimizing nanofiber compositions and functionalities to better meet clinical needs, ensuring more efficient and personalized management of severe bone infections.
Literature Review: Formulation and Characterization of Nanoemulgel for Anticellulite Treatment
Authors: Ulayya Hanidya Fidela , Erindyah Retno Wikantyasning
Published: January 2025

Cellulite, a skin condition characterized by a dimpled, orange-peel appearance, commonly affects the thighs, abdomen, hips, and buttocks. Nanoemulgel, a combined system of nanoemulsion and gel, has gained attention as an effective topical drug delivery system, particularly for lipophilic drugs. This review examines the potential of nanoemulgel formulations in treating cellulite, focusing on their physical characteristics, drug delivery efficiency evaluated through skin penetration and anti-cellulite effects, specifically their ability to inhibit adipogenesis and reduce triglycerides. A total of 5 articles were selected for further review as they met the eligibility criteria, including nanoemulgel formulations containing active ingredients with potential anti-cellulite properties and in vitro or in vivo testing for anti-cellulite effectiveness. The results show that nanoemulgel formulations could be a new way to deliver lipophilic drugs to specific areas of the skin for treating cellulite.
Phytopharmaceutical modification of papaya (Carica papaya) seed extract on sperm quality using self-nano emulsion as contraception potential
Authors: Shiyan Shaum , Nuria Siti Azzahra , Alzuraiqi Lutfi Muhammad , Pratiwi Galih , Nalindra Wahyu Naga , Aisyah Jasmine Rani
Published: January 2025

Carica papaya is known to reduce the quality of spermatozoa in morphology and viability of spermatozoa. Biochemical compound in Carica papaya is unstable and can easily degraded in disgetive track. Formulation of papaya seeds in the form of self-nano emulsion (SNE) is an alternative drug delivery system to increase bioavailability by lipophilic means. The sample consisted of 18 rats which were divided into 3 groups, namely the control group which was not given any treatment; the treatment group which was given papaya seed ethanol extract as much as 100 mg/kgBW and the treatment group which was given papaya seed extract-SNE as much as 100 mg/kgBW, the administration was carried out orally for 28 days. Examination of the quality of rat spermatozoa includes morphology, motility, and viability. Data analysis using One Way ANOVA and Chi-Square test. The results of the analysis showed that the decrease in morphology and viability of spermatozoa was significantly different with a result (p < 0.05) between treatment groups. As for motility, it does not have a significant difference with a result (p > 0.05) between treatment groups.. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the administration of papaya seed ethanol extract and papaya seed SNE extract significantly reduces the quality of spermatozoa in the form of morphology and viability, and does not significantly reduce the motility of Wistar strain white rat spermatozoa.
Effect of Using Fermented Carrot Leaves in Rations on Organic Matter Consumption, Crude Protein, and Crude Fiber in Thin-Tailed Sheep
Authors: Nurcahyo Ichbal , Septian Mohamad Haris , Rahayu Tri Puji
Published: January 2025

Agricultural waste in the form of carrot leaves (Daucus carota L) has potential as a source of feed for thin-tailed sheep. Fermented processing of carrot leaves aims to increase feed efficiency, make it last longer and can be used within a certain time. This research aims to add information and references for readers regarding the effect of using fermented carrot leaves (Daucus carota L) in rations on the consumption of organic matter (BO), crude protein (PK), and crude fiber (SK) in thin-tailed sheep. This research was carried out for fifty-six days from December 2022 to January 2023 at Kandang Waris Mendho Farm and at the Integrated Laboratory of Tidar University. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications, P1: 60% concentrate + 40% pakchong forage, P2: 60% concentrate + 10% fermented carrot leaves + 30% pakchong forage, P3: 60% concentrate % + fermented carrot leaves 20% + pakchong forage 20%, P4: concentrate 60% + fermented carrot leaves 30% + pakchong forage 10%, P5: concentrate 60% + fermented carrot leaves 40%. The research results showed that fermented carrot leaves had no effect on (P>0.05) BO consumption and PK consumption, but had a significant effect on (P<0.05) SK consumption. The highest SK consumption was in P1 with a consumption value of 102.44 ± 7.74 g. It can be concluded that fermented carrot leaves do not interfere with PK and SK consumption levels.
Back Fat Thickness, Body Condition Score and Rib Eye Muscle Area of Young Sheep Fed with Carica Dieng Seeds Based on Ultrasonography
Authors: Tunggadewi Faustina Helene , Idayanti Rahma Wulan , Purnomoadi Agung , Arifin Mukh , Purbowati Endang
Published: January 2025

A study to compare the back fat thickness, rib eye muscle area, and body condition score (BCS) of young thin-tailed lambs fed various levels of carica Dieng seeds in rations. Eighteen male lambs aged 3-4 months with an initial body weight of 10.68 ± 1.30 kg were applied three feeding treatments (T) following a completely randomized design, T1 = complete feed containing 5% carica seeds, T2 = complete feed containing 12.5% carica seeds, and T3 = complete feed containing 20% carica seeds, with six replications each.  At the end of 14 weeks of feeding treatment, back fat thickness and rib eye muscle area were measured using the Digital Veterinary Ultrasound Imaging System CTS-800. Yield grade value was determined using back fat thickness data, while the BCS assessment was carried out visually. The results showed that various levels of carica seeds addition to complete feed did not produce significant differences (P>0.05) in all variables measured. Back fat thickness, BCS, and rib eye muscle area in young thin-tailed sheep were  1.46 mm, 3.06, and 15.52 cm2, respectively. It might be concluded that supplementation of carica Dieng seeds up to 20% in the complete feed can still be utilized by young thin-tailed sheep.
Effect of Fructose Levels in Diluents Citric Acid Egg Yolk on The Quality of Liquid Boar Semen Landrace
Authors: Mallo Agustinus , Nalley Wilmientje Marlene , Bette Yustiani Yuliana
Published: January 2025

The aim of the research was to test the addition of fructose (F) in egg yolk citrate diluent (C-EY) on the quality of liquid semen from Landrace pigs during storage. This research used a completely randomized design method consisting of five treatments and five replications. The treatments in question are P0 (0%F), P1 (0.5%F), P2 (1.0%F), P3 (1.5%F) and P4 (2.0%F). The diluted cement is stored at a temperature of 18-20oC. Evaluation of the motility, viability, abnormalities and survival of spermatozoa is carried out every twelve hours. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of data using SPSS. 25 for windows. The results showed P3 at 12 hours (80.00 ± 0.00%), 24 hours (74.00 ± 2.24%), 36 hours (62.00 ± 2.74%), 48 hours (41.00 ±2.24%) and spermatozoa were able to survive 48 hours of storage. P3 gave the best results (P<0.05) compared to other treatments with motility values of 41.00 ± 2.24%, viability 45.20 ± 1.64%, abnormalities 8.20 ± 1.10% and survival 51.20±3.05 hours. It was concluded that the addition of 1.5% fructose level in the egg yolk citrate diluent could maintain the quality of liquid semen longer than other treatments.
Acidity and Alcohol Levels of Goat’s Milk Yoghurt with the Addition of Black Rice Bran Flour During Cold Storage
Authors: Haskito Ajeng Erika Prihastuti , Fatra Ilhami Maulia , Mahdi Chanif , Noviatri Aldila , Adrenalin Sruti Listra
Published: January 2025

The development of yoghurt variations is increasingly diverse nowadays. The addition of black rice bran flour into yoghurt processing can increase the functional value of yoghurt, including increasing taste, antioxidant content, and dietary fiber. This research was to determine the effect of storage time in goat's milk yoghurt with the addition of black rice bran flour at a cold temperature of 4c on acidity and alcohol levels. The research used with 5 treatments, 4 repetitions. The treatment includes storage periods  i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. The acidity level will be calculated for each treatment group using the acid-base and alcohol titration method using the pycnometer method. The data obtained were analyzed using the one way ANOVA test followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results show that storage time has a very significant effect (p˂0.01) on acidity and alcohol levels. The highest acidity level was in week 2 (0.47%), then decreased continuously in weeks 3 and 4 of storage time. The alcohol content increased in line with storage time, reaching 0.0043% in week 4. If  we look at the acidity and alcohol levels, the recommendation for consuming goat's milk yoghurt with the addition of black rice bran flour is no more than 1 weeks of storage time.
Diversity and Ecophysiological Performance of Coffee under Dry-Field and Homegarden Agroforestry in Yogyakarta
Authors: Mursyid Harsanto , Suryanto Priyono , Fadhilla Suri , Silmia Betha , Wibowo Febri Arif Cahyo
Published: January 2025

Coffee is commonly cultivated under agroforestry systems, including dry-field and homegarden. These systems were differentiated based on their proximity to the settlements, which might influence the species composition. This study aimed to observe plant composition, diversity, vegetation structure, and microclimate in coffee agroforestry systems and the physiological conditions of coffee. The experimental design was based on purposive sampling. A total of 100 nested plots were established in Glagaharjo and Balerante of Yogyakarta, each consisting of a dry-field and homegarden. Higher diversity and potential products were observed in dry-field agroforestry. There was no significant difference in microclimate between both systems. However, a significantly higher number of poles (p < 0.001) and trees (p < 0.001) in dry-field compared to homegarden contributed to lower light interception, higher humidity and temperature in dry-field, which could be associated with the higher physiological performance of coffee despite the non-significant difference between the systems (p > 0.05). Therefore, microclimate conditions under dry-fields were considered suitable for improving coffee growth performance.  
Keywords: agroforestry, coffee, dry-field, eco-physiology, homegarden
Vanhusten alueelliset kuolleisuuserot Suomessa 1850-luvulta alkaen
Authors: Kannisto Väinö
Published: January 2025

Suomen miesten ennenaikaista kuolleisuutta ja sen keskittymistä Itä-Suomeen on tutkittu intensiivisesti, mutta sen historia tunnetaan huonosti. Kirjoittajan laskelmien mukaan vanhemman väestön kuolleisuus oli ainakin jo 1850-luvulla Itä-Suomessa paljon korkeampi kuin Lännessä. Tämä koski melkein yhtä lailla naisia ja miehiä, jopa niin, että Itä-Suomen naistenkin kuolemanvaara oli paljon korkeampi kuin Länsi-Suomen miesten.
Tarkemman aikasarjan alkaessa vuonna 1878 vanhusten kuolleisuus oli laskusuunnassa todennäköisesti vielä korkeammalta tasolta. Aleneva suunta jatkui miehillä vähitellen hidastuen, jopa kääntyen Lounais-Suomessa pieneen nousuun ennen ensimmäistä maailmansotaa. Naisten kohdalla aleneminen jatkui melko nopeana ja säännönmukaisena, ja 1930-luvulle tultaessa heidän korkea kuolleisuutensa oli olennaisesti korjautunut ennen kuin sitä oli todettukaan.
Tarkastelukautena vanhuskuolleisuuden kuippu siirtyi Viipurin idästä Mikkelin itään ja edelleen Pohjois-Karjalaan, samalla kun Pohjois-Suomi menetti aikaisemman suhteellisen edullisen asemansa.
Suomen elintarvike- ja ravitsemuspolitiikka
Authors: Milio Nancy
Published: January 2025

'Politiikka' (policy) ja 'toiminta' – käytännössä katsoen synonyymejä – ja kuitenkin tiedämme, että poliittiset pyrkimykset tosielämässä tuskin koskaan saavuttavat täydellistä tehoaan tai täydelleen muuntuvat laeiksi ja asetuksiksi. Kun politiikan tarkoituksena on kohentaa ihmisten terveyttä, olennainen kysymys on: kuinka tämä tulos voidaan taata?
Suomen elintarvike- ja ravitsemuspolitiikka pyrkii terveydellisiin päätöksiin. Sen monimutkaisuus kuvaa, kuinka haastavaa on muuntaa pyrkimykset toiminnaksi. Käsittelen tätä politiikkaa esitellessäni erityisesti strategisen toiminnan ongelma-alueita ja luonnostelen tutkimuksen mahdollisuuksia tukea politiikan tehokasta toteuttamista.
Elämänlaatu ja päätöksenteko terveydenhuollossa
Authors: Häyry Matti
Published: January 2025

Kirjoituksessa tarkastellaan kolmea elämänlaadun mittauksiin liittyvää seikkaa terveydenhuollossa ja terveystutkimuksessa: elämänlaadun määrittelyä, sen mittausten filosofisia taustaoletuksia sekä näiden mittausten motiiveja. Terveyteen liittyvää elämänlaatua voidaan mitata kolmea eri tarkoitusta varten: taloudellisista syistä, kliinisen päätöksenteon helpottamiseksi ja potilaan ratkaisujen avustamiseksi. Näistä ainoastaan viimeksi mainittu motiivi on eettiseltä kannalta hyväksyttävissä – muut motiivit liittyvät liian selvästi potilaan autonomian vastaisiin toimintatapoihin.
Tutkimus sydänsairauden implisiittisistä selityksistä
Authors: Räty Hannu
Published: January 2025

Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin sydänsairauden implisiittisiä selityksiä sosiaalisina representaatioina. Vastaajia (opiskelijaryhmät) pyydettiin nimeämään sydänsairauden riskitekijöitä ja sairaudelle altistavia luonteenpiirteitä sekä arvioimaan esitettyjä yksilöityjä tarinoita. Passiivisen roolinoton menetelmällä ("Pekka K:n tarina") tutkittiin syytekijöiden yhdistelyä ja merkityksiä. Vastaajat olivat yksimielisiä ravintoon, nautintoaineisiin, stressiin ja liikuntaan liittyvistä riskeistä, ja heillä oli melko yhdenmukainen käsitys altistavista luonteenpiirteistä. Havaittiin myös, että riskitekijät sidotaan luontevasti elämänkertakuviin, joista erotettiin kaksi: työlle alisteinen urapulli ja tavallisen suomalaisen (työ)miehen elämäntapa.
Suomalaisten miesten työttömyys ja kuolleisuus
Authors: Martikainen Pekka
Published: January 2025

Tutkimus perustuu vuoden 1980 väestölaskenta-aineistoon, johon on yhdistetty tiedot kaikista jaksolla 1981–85 kuolleista 30–54-vuotiaista miehistä. Tulokset osoittavat, että työttömien miesten ylikuolleisuus on hyvin suuri, vaikka ikä, sosiaalinen asema, siviilisääty ja monet terveydentilaa kuvaavat muuttujat on vakioitu. Ikään, sosioekonomiseen asemaan ja siviilisäätyyn perustuvaa valikoitumista työttömäksi tapahtuu, mutta merkittävää terveydentilaan perustuvaa valikoitumista ei voitu näyttää toteen. Työttömien ylikuolleisuus on suurinta onnettomuuksiin sekä väkivaltaisiin kuolemansyihin (suhteellinen riski 2,51), mutta myös sydän- ja verisuonitautikuolleisuus (suhteellinen riski 1,54), päinvastoin kuin kasvainkuolleisuus, on selvästi muuta väestöä korkeampaa. Työttömyyden vaikutus kuolleisuuteen on sitä suurempaa, mitä pidempään työttömyys on kestänyt.
Työttömyys ja ateriointi
Authors: Lahelma Eero , Prättälä Ritva , Roos Eva
Published: January 2025

Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin, miten yksilön työmarkkina-asema, eli se onko hän ansiotyössä vai työttömänä, on yhteydessä ateriointiin. Noudattavatko työssäolevat samanlaista ateriointijärjestystä kuin työttömät? Onko havaittavissa eroja työssäolevien ja työttömien välillä? Miesten ja naisten suhde ruoanlaittoon poikkeaa suuresti toisistaan, joten erityistä huomiota kiinnitettiin sukupuolten välisiin eroihin. Työttömien ateriointi poikkesi työssäkäyvistä. Työssäkäyvät – sekä miehet että naiset – söivät useampia lämpimiä aterioita kuin työttömät. Työssäkäyvät miehet valmistivat huomattavasti useammin itse ateriansa kuin työttömät. Naiset yleisesti valmistavat perheen ateriat. Työttömyydellä tai työssäkäynnillä ei ollut tässä suhteessa suurta merkitystä siihen, kuinka usein naiset valmistivat itse ateriansa.
Miten rintasyöpä löytyi?
Authors: Auvinen Anssi , Elovainio Liisa , Hakama Matti
Published: January 2025

Rintasyövän löytymistapa selvitettiin ensimmäistä kertaa rintaproteesiaa hakevilta rintasyöpäpotilailta. Kolme neljäsosaa syövistä oli löydetty oireiden perusteella ja kuudesosa terveydenhuollon aloitteesta tehdyissä tutkimuksissa. Kaikista tapauksista rintojen omatarkkailun avulla oli löydetty kahdeksan prosenttia, ja kuukausittaista omatarkkailua harjoittavien naisten syöpätapauksista 18 %. Sekä omatarkkailu että rintasyövän löytyminen sen avulla olivat yleisimpiä alle 50-vuotiailla naisilla. Maantieteelliset erot olivat suuret.
Soveltuuko viiteanalyysi tutkimuksen arviointiin?
Authors: Luukkonen Terttu
Published: January 2025

Viiteanalyysien käyttö on yleistynyt viime vuosina tutkimuksen arvioinnissa. Viiteosoittimia on käytetty apuvälineinä muun muassa lääketieteellisten tiedekuntien käsitellessä laitosten välisiä rahanjakokysymyksiä. Artikkeli pohtii viiteanalyysin perusolettamuksia ja kiinnittää huomiota eri tekijöihin, jotka vaikuttavat tieteellisten julkaisujen keräämien viitteiden määrään. Artikkelin empiirinen aineisto perustuu kahden lääketieteen osa-alueen, sydän- ja syöpä- sekä verisuonitautitutkimuksen, analyysiin.
Artikkeli hahmottaa kolme viittausprosessiin vaikuttavaa tekijäryhmää: viitteiden retorinen käyttö tieteellisissä teksteissä, viitteiden asema tunnustuksen osoituksena ja tieteen kommunikaatiojärjestelmän vaikutus viitteiden kertymiseen. Viitteiden arviointikäyttö on perustunut niiden asemaan tunnustuksen osoituksena. Keino muiden tekijöiden vaikutusten kontrolloimiseksi voi olla viiteanalyysin soveltaminen samankaltaisiin yksiköihin. Käytännössä useimmiten näin ei ole mahdollista tehdä. Siten viiteanalyysin arviointikäyttö on epävarmalla pohjalla. Viiteanalyysi on parhaimmillaan vain muiden arviointimenetelmien täydennys ja lisätiedon antaja.
Lääkäripalvelujen kysyntä ja käyttö Suomessa
Authors: Häkkinen Unto
Published: January 2025

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan avohoidon lääkärikäyntien kysyntää ja kokonaiskäyttöä vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Tutkimusaineistona oli Kansaneläkelaitoksen yhteistyössä Indektiivihallituksen kanssa vuonna 1987 suorittaman terveysturvan väestötutkimuksen aineisto, josta analyyseihin otettiin mukaan 15 vuotta työskennelleet henkilöt (N=11417). Analyyseissa käytetty nelivaiheinen malli sovitettiin erikseen eri väestöryhmiin koskevissa aineistoissa, jolloin mallien kertoimia vertailemalla arvioitiin, erosivatko erilaisten terveyspoliittisesti tärkeiden tekijöiden vaikutukset väestöryhmittäin.
Tulosten mukaan sosioekonominen asema näyttäisi vaikuttavan varsin vähän lääkärikäyntien käyttöön. Lääkärikäyntien tulojousto oli noin 0.1. Tulojen vaikutus hoitoon hakeutumiseen oli suurempi alemmassa tuloluokassa kuin ylemmässä tuloluokassa, sekä suurempi yli 45-vuotiailla kuin heillä, jotka olivat nuorempia. Avohoidon lääkäripalvelujen tarjonta vaikutti palvelujen käyttöön lisäävästi ainoastaan hoitoon hakeutuneilla henkilöillä. Toisaalta avohoidon lääkäripalvelujen tarjonnan lisäämisellä voitaisiin jossain määrin vähentää sairaalan vuodeosastojen käyttöä. Henkilöt, jotka ilmoittivat sairastuessaan kääntyvänsä tietyn lääkärin puoleen, kävivät lääkärissä 30 % muita useammin.
Om kvinnors sjuklighet
Authors: Riska Elianne
Published: January 2025

Forskningen om kvinnors sjuklighet har framskridit från en fokusering på olikheter mellan könen till studier av förvärvsarbetets effekter på kvinnors hälsa. I den första fasen var den funktionalistiska könsrollsteorin vägledande i förklaringen av könsolikheterna i sjuklighet. I den andra fasen har den amerikanska forskningen utmanat stressteorins antaganden om att kvinnors förvärvsarbete utgör en risk för deras hälsa. Den brittiska forskningen om kvinnors sjuklighet har haft en helt annan inriktning. Utgångspunkten har varit en kritik av den manliga klassforskningens metoder. Kvinnoforskare har efterlyst en problematisering av begreppen kön och klass för att vinna ökad förståelse av kvinnors sjuklighet.