bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of Pratylenchus penetrans to dwarfing apple rootstocks
Authors: Bélair Guy , Dauphinais Nathalie , Fournier Yvon
Published: June 2019

The objective of this research was to measure the effect of P. penetrans densities on the vegetative growth of three apple dwarfing rootstocks Bud 9, M.9 and M.26 under field microplot conditions. Under 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density, the shoot dry weights of Bud 9, M.9 and M.26 rootstocks were significantly reduced by 30%, 23% and 14% respectively. Under the 1 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density, the dry shoot weight of Bud 9 and M.9 were not significantly different from the 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density except M.26 which exhibited a 29% decrease. The root dry weights of rootstocks were not significantly reduced when exposed to these P. penetrans densities except M.26 which was reduced 26% relative to non-inoculated trees under the 1 500 nematodes kg-1 soil density. These results confirm the pathogenic effect of P. penetrans on dwarfing apple rootstocks. Although preliminary, these results suggest some tolerance of M.26 to P. penetrans under lower density when compared to M.9 and Bud 9. Under higher nematode densities, both Bud 9 and M.9 exhibited a tolerance of their root system in comparison to M.26. Our results also emphasize the need to further assess the susceptibility/tolerance of dwarfing apple rootstocks to various densities of P. penetrans.
La répartition du conopholis d’Amérique (Conopholis americana [L.] Wallroth) au Québec
Authors: Deshaye Jean , Landry Tommy , Goudreau Réal , Dubois Maïtée , Grimard Marie-Josée
Published: June 2019

Au Québec, le conopholis d’Amérique (Conopholis americana [L.] Wallr.) est une plante parasite des racines du chêne rouge (Quercus rubra L.). Désignée espèce vulnérable au Québec, cette plante est beaucoup plus rare que son hôte et se restreint à quelques versants de collines exposés au sud. À la suite de la découverte d’une population totalisant près de 2 000 tiges dans la région de Rawdon, 2 hypothèses ont été explorées pour tenter d’expliquer la répartition de l’espèce, soit : 1) des inventaires insuffisants, 2) la qualité de l’habitat. Selon les résultats obtenus, aucune de ces hypothèses n’apparaît satisfaisante. Des facteurs aléatoires, comme la dispersion par l’ours noir ou le cerf de Virginie, pourraient être en cause.
Premières mentions de vers de terre au parc naturel et historique de l’île aux Basques
Authors: Moore Jean-David
Published: June 2019

Deux espèces exotiques de vers de terre, d’origine européenne, ont été trouvées à plusieurs endroits au parc naturel et historique de l’île aux Basques (Québec, Canada). Il s’agit des premières mentions de vers de terre sur cette île. Cet article ne permet pas d’établir avec certitude quand les vers de terre sont arrivés sur l’île. Ceux-ci pourraient avoir été involontairement introduits par les Basques dès les 16eet 17esiècles. D’autres sources potentielles d’introduction sont également discutées. Pour le moment, il est difficile d’évaluer l’ampleur des effets qu’ont pu avoir les vers de terre sur les différents écosystèmes de l’île, étant donné l’absence de suivi à long terme et d’inventaires approfondis. Cependant, les espèces de vers de terre recensées jusqu’à maintenant sur l’île ont généralement des effets moindres sur les écosystèmes que ceux d’autres espèces exotiques de vers de terre européens présentes au Québec. Des inventaires supplémentaires seraient nécessaires afin de documenter si de telles espèces sont présentes, l’ampleur du phénomène de colonisation par les vers de terre, et les effets potentiels de celle-ci sur les écosystèmes de cette île.
Enhort: a platform for deep analysis of genomic positions
Authors: Menzel Michael , Koch Peter , Glasenhardt Stefan , Gogol-Döring Andreas
Published: June 2019

The rise of high-throughput methods in genomic research greatly expanded our knowledge about the functionality of the genome. At the same time, the amount of available genomic position data increased massively, e.g., through genome-wide profiling of protein binding, virus integration or DNA methylation. However, there is no specialized software to investigate integration site profiles of virus integration or transcription factor binding sites by correlating the sites with the diversity of available genomic annotations. Here we present Enhort, a user-friendly software tool for relating large sets of genomic positions to a variety of annotations. It functions as a statistics based genome browser, not focused on a single locus but analyzing many genomic positions simultaneously. Enhort provides comprehensive yet easy-to-use methods for statistical analysis, visualization, and the adjustment of background models according to experimental conditions and scientific questions. Enhort is publicly available online at enhort.mni.thm.de and published under GNU General Public License.
Evaluation of the Allergenic Potential of Anagobaka infant Flours Marketed in the Markets of the District of Abidjan
Authors: Yapo-Crezoit C. C. A. , Kpan S. E. , Boni A. , Bonouman I. , Kalpy J. , N’guessan J. D. , Djaman A. J. , Dosso M.
Published: June 2019

The aim is to evaluate the sanitary quality of the infant flours of "Anagobaka" imported and sold on the markets of the district of Abidjan. There are eleven flours of "Anagobaka" distributed as follows, four from Adjamé, four from Abobo and three from Treichville, a local artisanal infant flour. An industrial infant flour has been used as a reference. Moisture and pH were measured by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and contaminants by microbiological methods. Moisture contents of "Anagobaka" flours ranged from 8.79% ± 0.06 to 12.94% ± 0.49. That of local flours was 6.56% ± 0.21. These values ​​are above the norm of 5%, while the reference has a content which is 3.59% ± 0.2 respecting the norm. However, all these flours have an acidic pH of 5.25 ± 0.01 at 6.83 ± 0.01 After inoculation on Sabouraud chloramphenicol medium with the various suspensions of flours, the species Aspergillus flavus was identified in the brands, Jone Family, Bolero strawberry, Lady B, Fincap , Egg Banana and Glad Family at respective loads of 1400 cfu / g ± 173.21, 11.102 cfu / g ± 200, 9.102 cfu / g ± 200, 6.102 cfu / g ± 100, 4.102 cfu / g ± 100 and 2.102 cfu /g ± 00.( Whereas, the association Aspergillus flavus and Mucor sp was found in the Jone Family brand flour, at a load of 14.102 cfu / g ± 173.21.) All flours were free of other germs. The presence of molds does not meet microbiological standards recommended and represent a danger to the health of these children.
Sustainable Bio-Adsorbent for Treatment of Nitrate, Fluoride and TDS in Groundwater
Authors: Singhal Anupam , Gupta Rajiv , Singh Arun
Published: June 2019

The quality of groundwater and surface water bodies have been analyzed globally and showed that 23% of primary drinking water sources have more than permissible limits of pollutants’ concentration. A major part of the world suffers from high concentrations of Nitrate, Fluoride and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water. Therefore, the present work focuses on the treatment of these three parameters. There are many processes available to remove and reduce the higher concentration of the aforesaid pollutants in water with advantages and disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages of these processes is the sustainability and availability of treating materials. In this regard, the work explores different agricultural materials (nine to be exact) for reduction of Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS in water. It is found that most of the materials have the potential to reduce either of one contaminant. However, only potato gel has shown potential in reduction of all three contaminants', i.e. Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS, concentration. The Isotherm plots indicate that Nitrate and TDS biosorption mechanism follows the Langmuir Isotherm while Fluoride biosorption follows the Freundlich Isotherm. Optimization is carried out, using batch and continuous study, in terms of time and mass of adsorbent against the concentration of the contaminant. Adsorption column tests indicate the reduction of 89%, 92% and 86% in the concentration of Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS respectively by potato gel.
Forecasting Maternal Mortality with Modified Gompertz Model
Authors: Assabil Samuel Essamuah
Published: June 2019

The Gompertz model is one of the earliest most influential mortality models. The model dominated for more than 100 years and is still one of the most important models in the field of mortality. Even though the model was designed exclusively for human mortality, it has found its application in many fields. However, the model has not solely been applied to maternal mortality. The work, therefore, fit a modified form of Gompertz model to Ghana’ maternal mortality data (2016-2018) and the fit looks quite good. We also forecast with the model and the result shows that Ghana is far from achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) objective of reducing maternal mortality by 68 percent in the next 11 years. That is, the work shows that there will be an annual reduction of 2.9 percent in maternal mortality rate for the next 11 years. This reduction, however, is not enough to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) objective of a 6 percent annual reduction. To make the SDG objective a reality, Ghana needs a further reduction of 3.1 percent annually in its maternal mortality rate. This calls for intensifying programmes that improve maternal health and reduces maternal mortality.
Mechanisms and biomedical implications of –1 programmed ribosome frameshifting on viral and bacterial mRNAs
Authors: Korniy Natalia , Samatova Ekaterina , Anokhina Maria M. , Peske Frank , Rodnina Marina V.
Published: June 2019

Some proteins are expressed as a result of a ribosome frameshifting event that is facilitated by a slippery site and downstream secondary structure elements in the mRNA. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding mechanisms of –1 frameshifting in several viral genes, including IBV 1a/1b, HIV‐1 gag‐pol, and SFV 6K, and in Escherichia coli dnaX. The exact frameshifting route depends on the availability of aminoacyl‐tRNAs: the ribosome normally slips into the –1‐frame during tRNA translocation, but can also frameshift during decoding at condition when aminoacyl‐tRNA is in limited supply. Different frameshifting routes and additional slippery sites allow viruses to maintain a constant production of their key proteins. The emerging idea that tRNA pools are important for frameshifting provides new direction for developing antiviral therapies.
Estrogen therapy induces an unfolded protein response to drive cell death in ER+ breast cancer
Authors: Hosford Sarah R. , Shee Kevin , Wells Jason D. , Traphagen Nicole A. , Fields Jennifer L. , Hampsch Riley A. , Kettenbach Arminja N. , Demidenko Eugene , Miller Todd W.
Published: June 2019

Estrogens have been shown to elicit anticancer effects against estrogen receptor α (ER)‐positive breast cancer. We sought to determine the mechanism underlying the therapeutic response. Response to 17β‐estradiol was assessed in ER+ breast cancer models with resistance to estrogen deprivation: WHIM16 patient‐derived xenografts, C7‐2‐HI and C4‐HI murine mammary adenocarcinomas, and long‐term estrogen‐deprived MCF‐7 cells. As another means to reactivate ER, the anti‐estrogen fulvestrant was withdrawn from fulvestrant‐resistant MCF‐7 cells. Transcriptional, growth, apoptosis, and molecular alterations in response to ER reactivation were measured. 17β‐estradiol treatment and fulvestrant withdrawal induced transcriptional activation of ER, and cells adapted to estrogen deprivation or fulvestrant were hypersensitive to 17β‐estradiol. ER transcriptional response was followed by an unfolded protein response and apoptosis. Such apoptosis was dependent upon the unfolded protein response, p53, and JNK signaling. Anticancer effects were most pronounced in models exhibiting genomic amplification of the gene encoding ER (ESR1), suggesting that engagement of ER at high levels is cytotoxic. These data indicate that long‐term adaptation to estrogen deprivation or ER inhibition alters sensitivity to ER reactivation. In such adapted cells, 17β‐estradiol treatment and anti‐estrogen withdrawal hyperactivate ER, which drives an unfolded protein response and subsequent growth inhibition and apoptosis. 17β‐estradiol treatment should be considered as a therapeutic option for anti‐estrogen‐resistant disease, particularly in patients with tumors harboring ESR1 amplification or ER overexpression. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies that enhance an unfolded protein response may increase the therapeutic effects of ER reactivation.
M
ethyloparacoccus
Authors: Vekeman Bram
Published: June 2019

Me.thy.lo.pa.ra.coc'cus. N.L. neut. n.
methylum
methyl; N.L. pref.
methylo
‐ pertaining to the methyl radical; Gr. prep.
para
, beside, alongside of, near, like; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
(from Gr. n.
kokkos
), a grain or berry; N.L. masc. n.
Methyloparacoccus
referring to a methyl‐using organism resembling but clearly different from other methyl‐using cocci.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Methylococcales / Methylococcaceae / Methyloparacoccus

Cells are aerobic, Gram‐negative, nonmotile coccoids, 0.8–1.5 µm in diameter. Cells occur singly with a diplococcoid tendency. Reproduce by normal cell division. Resting stages are not observed. Obligate utilizers of methane and methanol as sole carbon and energy sources. Methane is oxidized by a particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO); the soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and the alternative particulate monooxygenase (pXMO) are absent. Cells possess the typical intracytoplasmic membrane system for gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs forming bundles of membrane vesicles. No growth occurs on compounds containing carbon–carbon bonds. Atmospheric nitrogen is not fixed. Cells are neutrophilic, growing between pH 5.8 and 9, with an optimal pH of 6.3–6.8 and mesophilic, nonthermotolerant, growing between 20 and 37°C, optimal growth temperature 25–33°C. The dominant cellular fatty acids are

C
16:1

ω7
c
(52–54%) and

C
16:0

(24–25%). So far only isolated from pond water in Africa and Japan. Belongs to the
Gammaproteobacteria
as part of the order
Methylococcales
, family
Methylococcaceae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 65.6 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Methyloparacoccus murrellii
Hoefman, van der Ha, Iguchi, Yurimoto, Sakai, Boon, Vandamme, Heylen and De Vos, 2014b, 2105
VP
.
L
ysinibacillus
Authors: Failor Kevin C. , Tian Long , Monteil Caroline L. , Vinatzer Boris A.
Published: June 2019

Ly.si.ni.ba.cil'lus. N.L. neut. n.
lysinum
lysine; L. masc. n.
bacillus
a small staff or rod; N.L. masc. n.
Lysinibacillus
lysine bacillus, referring to the presence of the Lys–Asp type of peptidoglycan in the cell wall.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Lysinibacillus

The genus
Lysinibacillus
was proposed in 2007 to describe a phylogenetic and physiological distinct group of
Bacillaceae
that exhibit an
l
‐Lys‐
d
‐Asp (A4α) cell wall composition. Twenty‐one
Lysinibacillus
species were validly published between 2007 and 2018, and five former
Bacillus
species were moved to
Lysinibacillus
.
Lysinibacillus boronitolerans
serves as the type species.
Lysinibacillus
strains have been isolated from an impressive diversity of environments ranging from pristine and contaminated soils to plants, aquatic environments, indoor air, food, insects, animal waste, a cellular phone screen, and even an organic solvent. The genus is primarily Gram‐positive and aerobic with cells consisting in motile rods capable of forming terminally located bulging endospores. All species are catalase‐positive and typically have iso‐C
15:0
as the primary fatty acid and MK‐7 as the primary menaquinone system. Diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol are the major polar lipids. The members of the genus
Lysinibacillus
cannot reduce nitrate, are unable to produce indole, and are incapable of utilizing 2‐ketogluconate, capric acid,
d
‐arabinose, gentiobiose, indole,
myo
‐inositol, stachyose, starch, β‐gentiobiose, and β‐methyl‐xyloside. While the
Lysinibacillus
genus is best known for a clonal lineage of mosquitocidal isolates because of their widespread use in mosquito control,
Lysinibacillus
strains also have potential in biotechnological applications and bioremediation because of their enzymatic capabilities and tolerance to a variety of pollutants.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 35–43.3.

Type species
:
Lysinibacillus boronitolerans
Ahmed, Yokota, Yamazoe and Fujiwara 2007, 1121
VP
.
Prognostic significance of baseline FLT3‐ITD mutant allele level in acute myeloid leukemia treated with intensive chemotherapy with/without sorafenib
Authors: Yalniz Fevzi , Abou Dalle Iman , Kantarjian Hagop , Borthakur Gautam , Kadia Tapan , Patel Keyur , Loghavi Sanam , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Sasaki Koji , Daver Naval , DiNardo Courtney , Pemmaraju Naveen , Short Nicholas J. , Yilmaz Musa , Bose Prithviraj , Naqvi Kiran , Pierce Sherry , Nogueras González Graciela M. , Konopleva Marina , Andreeff Michael , Cortes Jorge , Ravandi Farhad
Published: June 2019

Internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the fms‐related tyrosine kinase‐3 gene (FLT3) confer a poor prognosis in adult AML. Studies have reported that a higher mutant allelic burden is associated with a worse prognosis. Adult patients with FLT3‐ITD mutated AML treated at our institution were identified. Patients were assigned into 2 groups; patients who received idarubicin and cytarabine (IA, group one) containing induction, and who received sorafenib in addition to IA containing regimens at induction (group two). The optimal FLT3‐ITD mutant allele cut‐off was defined as the cut‐off to divide the whole cohort with the highest statistical significance. A total of 183 patients including 104 (57%) in group one and 79 (43%) in group two were identified. The complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) for group one and group two were 85% and 99%, respectively (P = .004). The median relapse free survival (RFS) for group one and two were 12 and 45 months, respectively (P = .02). The median overall survival (mOS) was 17 months in group one, and has not been reached in group two (P = .008). The optimal FLT3‐ITD mutant allele cut‐off for OS was 6.9% in group one, there was no optimal cut‐off in group two. On multivariate analysis, poor performance status (PS) (P = .003), sorafenib (P = .01), and presenting white blood cells (WBC) (P < .001) were independent predictors of OS. Higher FLT3‐ITD allele burden is associated with a worse outcome in patients treated with IA‐based chemotherapy. Addition of sorafenib to chemotherapy not only nullifies the negative prognostic impact of higher allele burden, but also improves outcome of FLT3‐ITD mutated AML patients regardless of the allele burden.
Network regulation and properties optimization of glycidyl azide polymer‐based materials as a candidate of solid propellant binder via alternating the functionality of propargyl‐terminated polyether
Authors: Qi Chun , Tang Gen , Guo Xiang , Liu Changhua , Pang Ai‐min , Gan Lin , Huang Jin
Published: June 2019

A kind of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)‐based composite has been fabricated using propargyl‐terminated ethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran copolymer (PPET) with two (p‐) and three (t‐) alkyne functionalities via Huisgen reaction. Independent upon the PPET functionality, both crosslink densities and mechanical properties for two GAP/PPET systems showed a positive‐interrelation changes of initial increase and subsequent decrease with an increase of azide/alkyne molar ratios. At equivalent of azide/alkyne molar ratios, the composites containingt‐PPET with higher alkyne functionality exhibited better mechanical properties, while those with two alkyne functionality presented lower glass transition. Under the regulation of alkyne functionality as 3 and azide/alkyne molar ratio as 3:1, the tensile strength, Young's modulus and breaking elongation could simultaneously reach the maximum values of 1.38 MPa, 4.07 MPa, and 122.5%, which was ascribed to optimal participation of azide/alkyne reaction into network construction. Overall, this study provides an additional optimization route for network‐structured binders in solid propellant system. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48016.
Second‐Year Nursing Students’ Retention of Gross Anatomical Knowledge
Authors: Narnaware Yuwaraj (Raj) , Neumeier Melanie
Published: June 2019

Human anatomy is a foundational course in nursing education, however, there is growing concern that students do not retain enough anatomical knowledge to successfully apply it in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to determine retention level of anatomy knowledge among second‐year nursing students from their first‐year anatomy class, and to determine if there is a difference in level of retention based on organ system. For each system, second‐year students were asked to answer 9 to 11 multiple‐choice questions (MCQs), and the scores from these quizzes were compared to matched test items from their first‐year anatomy examinations. There was a significant decrease in the overall mean score from 83.05 ± 8.34 (±SD) in first year to 54.36 ±12.9 in second year (P = 0.0001). Retention levels were system specific. System‐specific knowledge retention was highest for the gastrointestinal system (89.7%), respiratory system (88.5%), and genitourinary system (83.6%). This was followed by the integumentary system (80.1%), special senses (79.4%), nervous system (74.9%), and musculoskeletal system (69.3%). Retention was lowest for the lymphatic system (64.3%), cranial nerves (58.8%), vascular system (53.9%), and head and neck (42.6%). The present study shows that nursing students’ anatomy knowledge retention was comparatively higher than rates reported by others in medical and allied‐health students. The researchers are now investigating knowledge retention in third‐ and fourth‐year nursing students. Further investigation into why retention is higher for specific systems and intervention strategies to improve knowledge acquisition and retention in nursing students is recommended.
When do peers influence adolescent males' risk taking? Examining decision making under conditions of risk and ambiguity
Authors: Lloyd Alex , Döring Anna K.
Published: June 2019

Risk taking is highly prevalent among adolescent males, and a range of studies have shown that decisions become riskier if a peer is present. However, previous studies have typically provided participants with explicit probabilities of risk in each situation. This does not accurately reflect adolescents' real‐world risk taking, where decisions are made in ambiguous situations alongside their peers. Aiming for a more ecologically valid design, the present experiment manipulated situational ambiguity and examined its interplay with group decision making and developmental factors. Adolescent males (N = 202) aged 12–15 completed a “Wheel of Fortune” task and then self‐reported their score, presenting an opportunity to cheat as a measure of antisocial risk taking. As predicted, adolescents were more likely to take risks when probabilities were ambiguous rather than explicit. Further, higher levels of gambling choices were made by groups in ambiguous, but not risk situations. Age significantly predicted gambling in ambiguous conditions, whereas developmental dispositions (risk perception, reward sensitivity, and inhibitory control) did not play a role. Findings provide an insight into the social and situational conditions under which adolescent males engage in reckless behavior.
Lectin bio‐layer interferometry for assessing product quality of Fc‐ glycosylated immunoglobulin G
Authors: Wallner Jakob , Sissolak Bernhard , Sommeregger Wolfgang , Lingg Nico , Striedner Gerald , Vorauer‐Uhl Karola
Published: June 2019

Glycosylation, as the most prominent posttranslational modification, is recognized as an important quality attribute of monoclonal antibodies affected by various bioprocess parameters and cellular physiology. A method of lectin‐based bio‐layer interferometry (LBLI) to relatively rank galactosylation and fucosylation levels was developed. For this purpose, Fc‐glycosylated immunoglobulin G (IgG) was recombinantly produced with varying bioprocess conditions in 15 L bioreactor and accumulated IgG was harvested. The reliability, the robustness and the applicability of LBLI to different samples has been proven. Data obtained from LC–MS analysis served as reference and were compared to the LBLI results. The introduced method is based on non‐fluidic bio‐layer interferometry (BLI), which becomes recently a standard tool for determining biomolecular interactions in a label‐free, real‐time and high‐throughput manner. For the intended purpose, biotinylated lectins were immobilized on disposable optical fiber streptavidin (SA) biosensor tips. Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) was used to detect the core fucose and Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) to determine galactosylation levels. In our case study it could be shown that fucosylation was not affected by variations in glucose feed concentration and cultivation temperature. However, the galactosylation could be correlated with the ratio of mean specific productivity (qP) and ammonium (qNH4+) but was unrelated to the ratio of mean qP and the specific glucose consumption (qgluc). This presented method strengthens the applicability of the BLI platform, which already enables measurement of several product related characteristics, such as product quantity as well as kinetic rates (kd,kon) and affinity constants (kD) analysis.
Obesity, visceral adiposity, and prostate cancer: What is the role of lifestyle interventions?
Authors: Shirazipour Celina H. , Freedland Stephen J.
Published: June 2019

The findings from Dickerman et al's research highlight the need to consider and implement lifestyle interventions to target weight loss and the risk of prostate cancer. Interventions that combine 2 lifestyle behaviors, diet and exercise, may be most impactful.
ATLANTIC MAMMALS: a data set of assemblages of medium‐ and large‐sized mammals of the Atlantic Forest of South America
Authors: Souza Yuri , Gonçalves Fernando , Lautenschlager Laís , Akkawi Paula , Mendes Calebe , Carvalho Mariana M. , Bovendorp Ricardo S. , Fernandes‐Ferreira Hugo , Rosa Clarissa , Graipel Maurício Eduardo , Peroni Nivaldo , Cherem Jorge José , Bogoni Juliano André , Brocardo Carlos Rodrigo , Miranda João , Zago da Silva Luciana , Melo Geruza , Cáceres Nilton , Sponchiado Jonas , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Galetti Mauro
Published: June 2019

Biodiversity inventories contain important information about species richness, community structure, and composition, and are the first step in developing any conservation and mitigation strategies. The Atlantic Forest of South America is home to around 334 species of small‐, medium‐, and large‐sized mammals, and is currently restricted to less than 12% of its original cover. Here, we present the ATLANTIC MAMMALS, an open data set on information on medium‐ and large‐sized mammal assemblages in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. A total of 129 studies were compiled, including published and in press peer‐reviewed papers, book chapters, theses and unpublished data. We mapped 244 assemblages, eight orders, 63 genera, and 94 species (24 of which are classified as threatened by the IUCN Red List) distributed in 128 protected and 116 unprotected areas. Species richness of the mammalian assemblages varied from 1 to 39 species (mean 15). The most recorded species in the entire biome was Dasypus novemcinctus, followed by Cerdocyon thous and Procyon cancrivorous. These data can be useful in support of macroecological studies and conservation planning strategies. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.
Hitting Reset on Sediment Toxicity: Sediment Homogenization Alters the Toxicity of Metal-Amended Sediments
Authors: Costello David M. , Harrison Anna M. , Hammerschmidt Chad R. , Mendonca Raissa M. , Burton G. Allen
Published: June 2019

Laboratory testing of sediments frequently involves manipulation by amendment with contaminants and homogenization, which changes the physicochemical structure of sediments. These changes can influence the bioavailability of divalent metals, and field and mesocosm experiments have shown that laboratory-derived thresholds are often overly conservative. We assessed the mechanisms that lead to divergence between laboratory- and field-derived thresholds; specifically, we assessed the importance of slow equilibration to solid-phase ligands and vertical stratification. To mimic natural physicochemical conditions, we uniquely aged sediment with a flow-through exposure system. These sediments were then homogenized and compared, toxicologically, with freshly metal-amended sediments in a 28-d chronic toxicity bioassay with the amphipod Hyalella azteca. We assessed concentration–response relationships for 3 metals (copper, nickel, and zinc) and 5 geochemically distinct sediments. We observed minimal differences in growth and survival of H. azteca between aged and freshly spiked sediments across all sediments and metals. These trends suggest that a loss of toxicity observed during long-term sediment aging is reversed after sediment homogenization. By comparison with mesocosm experiments, we demonstrate that homogenizing sediment immediately before toxicity assays may produce artificially high toxicity thresholds. We suggest that toxicity assays with sediments that maintain vertical redox gradients are needed to generate field-relevant sediment metal toxicity thresholds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1995–2007. © 2019 SETAC.

Abstract

Aging of sediment alone does not alter metal toxicity to amphipods, but it is the combination of aging and preserving natural redox gradients that can lower toxicity.
Two risk metrics for CO2storage reservoirs with varying domain size, heterogeneity, and injection rate
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Bromhal Grant S.
Published: June 2019

Two parameters that play the most important role in the appraisal of environmental risk performance at carbon dioxide (CO2) storage sites are the prospective impact of the pore pressure increase and CO2saturation. In this context, this study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of pressure buildup and CO2saturation as a function of flow region's size, average porosity and permeability, and heterogeneity, as well as the injection rate and total volume of injected fluid. The practical importance of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the extent of pressure buildup and areal extent of CO2plume both during and after injection, which will impact risk assessment as well as influence effective monitoring operations. This study pursues the above objective using two risk metrics that are based on numerical simulations and illustrated using representative models of three realistic storage sites with varying volumetric storage potential and geological settings, all with open geologic systems. The two metrics (the spatiotemporal extent of pressure buildup and CO2saturation plume, respectively) used in this study are able to capture the geologic (structural and petrophysical) and operational complexities that cannot be incorporated into analytical or semianalytical solutions. The results of this study suggest that in addition to the average permeability, the areal extent of the pressure buildup during the injection period is strongly related to the injection rate, whereas the postinjection period may be more strongly influenced by the reservoir heterogeneity. The areal extent of the saturation plume during active injection is highly correlated to the mass of injected fluid, and the postinjection behavior is impacted by the shape of the reservoir–seal interface. These findings are consistent with other recent studies by the National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) on characteristic reservoir behavior. The results have been used to generate pressure and saturation plume profiles (over time) that can be used to support risk‐based decision making. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Merkel cell polyomavirus oncoproteins induce microRNAs that suppress multiple autophagy genes
Authors: Kumar Satendra , Xie Hong , Shi Hao , Gao Jiwei , Juhlin Carl Christofer , Björnhagen Viveca , Höög Anders , Lee Linkiat , Larsson Catharina , Lui Weng‐Onn
Published: June 2019

Viruses can inhibit host autophagy through multiple mechanisms, and evasion of autophagy plays an important role in immune suppression and viral oncogenesis. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) T‐antigens are expressed and involved in the pathogenesis of a large proportion of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Yet, how MCPyV induces tumorigenesis is not fully understood. Herein, we show that MCPyV T‐antigens induce miR‐375, miR‐30a‐3p and miR‐30a‐5p expressions, which target multiple key genes involved in autophagy, including ATG7, SQSTM1 (p62) and BECN1. In MCC tumors, low expression of ATG7 and p62 are associated with MCPyV‐positive tumors. Ectopic expression of MCPyV small T‐antigen and truncated large T‐antigen (LT), but not the wild‐type LT, resulted in autophagy suppression, suggesting the importance of autophagy evasion in MCPyV‐mediated tumorigenesis. Torin‐1 treatment induced cell death, which was attenuated by autophagy inhibitor, but not pan‐caspase inhibitor, suggesting a potential role of autophagy in promoting cell death in MCC. Conceptually, our study shows that MCPyV oncoproteins suppress autophagy to protect cancer cells from cell death, which contribute to a better understanding of MCPyV‐mediated tumorigenesis and potential MCC treatment.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 3‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐2‐(substituted)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Derivatives as Multi‐target Anti‐inflammatory Agents
Authors: Raghu M. S. , Pradeep Kumar C. B. , Yogesh Kumar K. , Prashanth M. K. , Jayanna B. K.
Published: June 2019

A novel class of 3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐(substituted)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives were synthesized, and the structure of synthesized compounds was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The newly synthesized compounds (4a–g and 6a–g) were tested for their in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition activity. The compounds have inhibitory profile against both COX‐1 and COX‐2, and some of the compounds are found to be selective against COX‐2. The compound 6g showed distinct inhibitory activity on COXs. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential anti‐inflammatory activity as inhibitors of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐6. Compounds 4d–g showed the highest level of inhibition among all the tested compounds. Thus, our data suggested that these compounds may represent a new class of potent anti‐inflammatory agents.
Insight into the biochemical characterization of phytocystatin from Glycine max and its interaction with Cd+2 and Ni+2
Authors: Siddiqui Sharmin , Siddiqui Mohd. Faizan , Khan Shumaila , Bano Bilqees
Published: June 2019

Phytocystatins are cysteine proteinase inhibitors ubiquitously present in plants and animals. They are known to carry out various significant physiological functions and also maintain the balance of protease‐antiprotease activity. In the present disquisition, a phytocystatin after preliminary treatment has been isolated and purified to homogeneity from soybean (Glycine max) by a simple two‐step stratagem using ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration chromatography performed on Sephacryl S‐100‐HR. Soybean phytocystatin (SBPC) was purified with a fold purification of 635 and percent yield of 77.6%. A single band was observed on native gel electrophoresis confirming the homogeneity of the purified SBPC. The molecular weight of SBPC was found to be 19.05 kDa as determined by SDS‐PAGE. The SBPC was found to be devoid of carbohydrate moieties and sulfhydryl group content. The binding stoichiometry of SBPC‐papain interaction was determined by isothermal calorimetry suggesting 1:1 complex, and the value of binding constant (K) was found to be 2.78 × 105 M−1 The affinity of binding (Kd) value obtained through ITC was 3.59 × 10−6 M. The purified SBPC was found to be stable in the pH range of 3 to 7 and is thermostable up to 50°C. The UV‐visible and fluorescence studies showed significant changes in the conformation upon the formation of the SBPC‐papain complex. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy, ANS binding, and caseinolytic activity assay were conducted out to explore the effect of metal ions on SBPC which showed that there was a loss in the inhibitory activity along with conformational changes of SBPC upon complex formation with Cd+2 and Ni+2.
Risk Factors of Ambulatory Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Seddik Talal B. , Tian Lu , Nespor Colleen , Kerner John , Maldonado Yvonne , Gans Hayley
Published: June 2019

Background

Children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are predisposed to ambulatory central line–associated bloodstream infection (A‐CLABSI). Data describing risk factors of this infection in children are limited.

Methods

Retrospective cohort, single‐center, case‐crossover study of children ≤18 years old with SBS receiving HPN from January 2012 to December 2016. Univariate and multivariate mixed effect Poisson regression identified the relative risk (RR) of A‐CLABSI with proposed risk factors.

Results

Thirty‐five children were identified; median follow‐up was 30 months. A‐CLABSI rate was 4.2 per 1000 central line (CL) days. Univariate analysis identified younger age (RR: 0.92 per 12‐month increase [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.85‐0.99; P = 0.036]), shorter small intestine length (RR: 0.96 per 10‐cm increase [95% CI: 0.92‐0.99; P = 0.008]), lower citrulline level (RR: 0.86 per 5‐nmol/mL increase [95% CI: 0.75‐0.99; P = 0.036]), and recent CL break (RR: 1.55 [95% CI: 1.06‐2.28; P = 0.024]) as risk factors for A‐CLABSI. Multivariate analysis showed increased A‐CLABSI with clinical diagnosis of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) (RR: 1.87 [95% CI: 1.1‐3.17; P = 0.021]) and CL breaks (RR: 1.49 [95% CI: 1‐2.22; P = 0.024]).

Conclusions

Factors influencing gut integrity increase A‐CLABSI rate, supporting translocation as an important mechanism and target for prevention. Clinical diagnosis of SIBO increases A‐CLABSI rate, but whether dysbiosis or diarrhea is responsible is an area for future research. CL maintenance is crucial, and prevention of breaks would likely decrease A‐CLABSI rate.
Undulating Tongue Revealing Wilson's Disease
Authors: El Otmani Hicham , Benhsain Tarik , Abdulhakeem Zaynab , El Moutawakil Bouchra , Rafai Mohammed Abdoh
Published: June 2019

View Supplementary Video 1

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Trust‐based decisions in commission–agency relationships
Authors: Fu Xiao , Han Guanghua , Wang Jiaxin
Published: June 2019

In commission–agency case, an agent has an incentive to increase the recommended order quantity (ROQ) to maximize the expected profit. This study refers to a retailer's degree of dependence on the agent's ROQ as “trust.” We aim to formulate the agent and the retailer's decisions with trust‐based optimization models. To conduct the study, we first build the demand prediction and income model of the retailer and the agent with a trust‐updating model. Furthermore, we investigate the facts of the retailer's trust value by some experimental studies. Some managerial insights are thereby given and helpful to practice.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for functional tremor: A randomized, double‐blind, controlled study
Authors: Taib Simon , Ory‐Magne Fabienne , Brefel‐Courbon Christine , Moreau Ysé , Thalamas Claire , Arbus Christophe , Simonetta‐Moreau Marion
Published: June 2019

Objectives

The objective of this study was to compare the effect on functional tremor of active versus sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and investigate whether the addition of hypnosis might help to prolong any repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation–induced therapeutic effect.

Methods

We compared the effect of 5 consecutive daily sessions of active/sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on functional tremor, at 1 and 2 months, in a randomized, double‐blind, 2‐arm, parallel‐controlled study. In a second open‐label phase, all patients underwent 3 weekly sessions of hypnosis combined with single sessions of real repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. The primary outcome was a change in the Psychogenic Movement Disorder Rating Scale at month 1 when compared with baseline. Secondary outcomes were changes in the Psychogenic Movement Disorder Rating Scale and Tremor subscores, the 36‐item Short Form Health Survey, the Self‐Report Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Clinical Global Impression Scale assessed at months 1, 2, 6, and 12.

Results

A total of 33 outpatients affected by functional tremor were screened, and 18 outpatients fulfilling the inclusion criteria (8 men, 10 women) were randomized. One month after the intervention, the mean Psychogenic Movement Disorder Rating Scale score had decreased in both groups, but the differences from baseline were only significant in the active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group (P < .001). This remained significant at month 2 (P < .001). The significant decrease of the Psychogenic Movement Disorder Rating Scale and Tremor subscores were maintained at months 6 and 12 for the active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group. For the control group, the Psychogenic Movement Disorder Rating Scale score had returned almost to its baseline value by month 2 and remained unchanged at months 6 and 12.

Conclusion

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation could represent a valuable therapeutic option in the management of functional tremor. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
New parity legislation to require transparency, accountability introduced
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2019

More than 10 years following passage of the federal mental health parity law, Senate lawmakers have introduced new legislation to tighten parity enforcement and improve transparency and accountability to help ensure consumers have access to mental health and substance use services in their plans. The bill seeks to eliminate disparities in the way insurance plans cover mental illness and substance use disorders.
Embedding child psychiatrist in PC practice could remove barriers to care
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2019

A new model of embedding a child psychiatrist in a primary care practice (PCP) is proving to be both feasible and promising for increasing access to and engagement in psychiatric care among a primarily Latino population, according to researchers. This model could also help reduce stigma for families and remove other barriers to care, they say.
Decreased water T2 in fatty infiltrated skeletal muscles of patients with neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Schlaeger Sarah , Weidlich Dominik , Klupp Elisabeth , Montagnese Federica , Deschauer Marcus , Schoser Benedikt , Bublitz Sarah , Ruschke Stefan , Zimmer Claus , Rummeny Ernst J. , Kirschke Jan S. , Karampinos Dimitrios C.
Published: June 2019

Quantitative imaging techniques are emerging in the field of magnetic resonance imaging of neuromuscular diseases (NMD). T2 of water (T2w) is considered an important imaging marker to assess acute and chronic alterations of the muscle fibers, being generally interpreted as an indicator for “disease activity” in the muscle tissue. To validate the accuracy and robustness of quantitative imaging methods, 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used as a gold standard.

The purpose of the present work was to investigate T2w of remaining muscle tissue in regions of higher proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in 40 patients with defined NMD using multi‐TE single‐voxel 1H MRS. Patients underwent MR measurements on a 3 T system to perform a multi‐TE single‐voxel stimulated echo acquisition method (STEAM) MRS (TE = 11/15/20/25(/35) ms) in regions of healthy, edematous and fatty thigh muscle tissue. Muscle regions for MRS were selected based on T2‐weighted water and fat images of a two‐echo 2D Dixon TSE.

MRS results were confined to regions with qualitatively defined remaining muscle tissue without edema and high fat content, based on visual grading of the imaging data. The results showed decreased T2w values with increasing PDFF with R2 = 0.45 (p < 10−3) (linear fit) and with R2 = 0.51 (exponential fit).

The observed dependence of T2w on PDFF should be considered when using T2w as a marker in NMD imaging and when performing single‐voxel MRS for T2w in regions enclosing edematous, nonedematous and fatty infiltrated muscle tissue.
Developing patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in diabetes research: a local approach
Authors: Preston Johanna L , Berryman Victoria R , Hancock Angela , Pattrick Melanie , Worthington Anne , Hitman Graham A , Hood Gillian A
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we describe our understanding of what patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in diabetes research actually means to our local Diabetes Research Group (DRG) for Queen Mary, University of London and Barts Health NHS Trust. We describe the development of our local partnership with patients and the public to improve research and subsequently the health of our population. We explore how successful partnerships in PPIE can be achieved and maintained; and highlight the benefits and value of working with patients and the public to improve diabetes research and thereby clinical care for people living with diabetes. Ongoing challenges in managing PPIE in our DRG are highlighted, as well as the need to continually evaluate and embrace new methods of working. Two event examples, which took place in 2018, are then described to demonstrate our ongoing approach in continuing and developing the local DRG PPIE strategy. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons.
Structured diabetes education outcomes: looking beyond HbA1c. A systematic review
Authors: McCay Deirdre , Hill Alyson , Coates Vivien , O'Kane Maurice , McGuigan Karen
Published: June 2019

Diabetes education aims to equip people with diabetes with positive self‐care behaviours and management strategies to improve glycaemic control. The preferred outcome measure of education effectiveness is often HbA1c reduction. However, the move towards person‐centred education has led to renewed calls to capture associated behavioural and psychosocial change. The aim of this study was to review indicators of diabetes education efficacy in light of the growing emphasis on person‐centric care.

A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus databases, from January 2006 to December 2016, was conducted. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria, focusing on diabetes education effectiveness primarily measured using HbA1c, were selected.

Twenty‐three studies were included, comprising 6747 participants. They yielded mixed results, with 13 studies reporting significant reductions in HbA1c following intervention. Thirteen studies assessed multiple behavioural and psychosocial measures as secondary outcomes with significant, positive changes in these outcomes following intervention. Studies utilising diabetes‐specific measures yielded positive results.

It was concluded successful diabetes education involves changing participant cognitions and behaviours. Changes in behavioural and psychosocial aspects should inform education effectiveness. Development of effective diabetes education programmes requires better understanding of how they affect behavioural and psychosocial change, facilitating glycaemic control. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons.