bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTIDIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF BUNIUM BULBOCASTANUM SEEDS EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL WISTAR RATS
Authors: KHANAL PITAMBAR , PAUDEL NABINA , ARYAL SUSHANT , ARYAL PRAMOD
Published: June 2021

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of Bunim bulbocastanum seeds extracts, to exploit the medicinal use of plant in the traditional system of medicine scientifically.

Methods: The adult Wistar albino rats were divided in four groups, i.e. Group M1 (control group) receiving normal saline, group M2 (test group 1) receiving the 250 mg/kg Bunium bulbocastanum extract, group M2 (test group 2) receiving the 500 mg/kg Bunium bulbocastanum extract and group M4 (reference) receiving 3 mg/kg P. O Loperamide. Each group of mice with a bodyweight of 1 ml/100 g received castor oil. Mice were sacrificed and the distance traveled by the charcoal meal and the total length of the intestine was then measured. The peristaltic index and percentage of inhibition were calculated by using the formula.

Results: It was found that in the castor oil-induced intestinal transit method extract produced a significant (p<0.0001) dose-dependent reduction in the distance traveled by charcoal meal comparable to the control peak effect was at the dose of 500 mg/kg (PI=12.06±3.38). Likewise, in the diarrheal dropping test, Bunium bulbocastanum extract causes a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent reduction in the number of wet feces i.e. the mean wet of feces was decreased from 2.3±0.44 gm to 1.28±0.36 gm i.e. significantly different from that elicited by control (0.80±0.17 gm) (p=0.0081). However, there were no significant differences in inhibition at a dose of 250 mg/kg of extract.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the crude methanol extract from B. bulbocastanum seeds possesses significant antidiarrheal property and the presence of various secondary metabolites. This justified the antidiarrheal use of plant in the traditional system of medicine.
Original Article BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SPONGE SUBERITES CARNOSUS (JOHNSTON) COLLECTED FROM WEST COAST OF MUMBAI, INDIA
Authors: N. S BHADEKAR , G. V. ZODAPE
Published: June 2021

Objective: Structural elucidation of bioactive compounds from marine Sponge Suberites Carnosus (Johnston) by using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) techniques with respect to its pharmacological and biomedical properties.

Methods: The sponge Suberites carnosus (Johnston) was collected during low tides from West Coast of Mumbai. Crude extract was obtained by taking 10 gram of sponge sample in10 ml of methanol. The preparative TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) was performed by using Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Diethylamine (7:2:1) (v/v). The isolated compounds were subjected to GC-MS and FTIR analysis.

Results: From the GC-MS and FTIR analysis, total ten compounds were identified. The GC-MS spectra correlate to the mass spectra. The structures of those compounds are 6-Fluoro 2-trifluromethylbenzoic acid,2,3-dichlorophenyl ester, Eicosane 3-cyclohexyl, Phosphine imide, P,P,P,-tris (p-chlorophenyl)-N-phenyl-, Dimethylhyl hexavinyl octasilsesquioxane, Hexanoicacid, hexadecyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid,2-hydroxy1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, 9, 19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol, acetate, (3β), Tetracosane, 3-ethyl-, 11, 14-Eicosadienoic acid, methyl ester, Triacontane, 11,20-didecyl-respectively.

Conclusion: The nature and biological properties of the said compounds were determined and it was found that some of them act as a skin irritant. Some of them have fatty, metabolite, and irritant property, whereas some are act as masking and perfuming agents. Some compounds are highly toxic property, whereas others have an effect on health and environmental hazard. Some are highly corrosive in nature, whereas others are Cholesterol and chemotaxonomic significance.
LIPOPHILICITY, AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY, AND DEGREE OF IONIZATION OF ATRACTYLODIN AND β-EUDESMOL, THE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM ATRACTYLODES LANCEA
Authors: CHEOYMANG ANURAK , NA-BANGCHANG KESARA
Published: June 2021

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the critical physicochemical properties (lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, and degree of ionization) of atractylodin and β-eudesmol using in vitro testing.

Methods: Lipophilicity (Log P and Log D) was determined using the shake-flask method (n-octanol/water partition). Aqueous solubility was determined using kinetic solubility assay in media with pH ranging from 1.2 to 7.4. The degree of ionization (pKa) was determined using the potentiometric titration method.

Results: Log P and Log D values of 3.0-5.0 suggested moderate lipophilicity of both compounds. Both exhibited low aqueous solubility over the investigated pH range (0.08-0.93 and 1.97-32.48 μg/ml for atractylodin and β-eudesmol, respectively). Based on the pKa values of 9.63 (atractylodin) and 9.12 (b-eudesmol), both are classified as basidic compounds.

Conclusion: Atractylodin and β-eudesmol are classified as BCS class II drugs. The physicochemical parameters of both compounds obtained from the current study will be further applied for in silico prediction of their ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties. In addition, PBPK modeling will be used for the prediction of optimal dose regimens of the capsule formulation of the standardized extract of Atractylodes lancea for first-in-human (FIH) and phase II studies in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCLUSAL PLANE ORIENTATION AND SAGITTAL MALOCCLUSIONS: STUDY OF AN ORTHODONTIC POPULATION
Authors: DALLEL INES , KANOUN SANA , NAHDI MARIEM , OMMEZINE MONCEF , TOBJI SAMIR , BEN AMOR ADEL
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the skeletal pattern and angle class with the occlusal plane (OP). This study also examined the effect of orthodontic treatment on this plane.

Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of a sample of 135 patients were collected. The angles between the Frankfort horizontal, palatal plane (PP), mandibular plane (MP), and the OP were analyzed and compared between several groups and subsequently before and after treatment.

Results: The statistical comparison between 3 skeletal frame groups demonstrates that the cant of the OP showed a major difference. This difference was greater in class III subjects. Examination revealed that the OP was not meaningfully affected within the Angle classification. Statistically, a significant correlation was found between OP steepness and the vertical skeletal pattern. A significant rise of OP/sella-nasion (SN) for class I (p=0.019) and II (p=0.015) after orthodontic treatment. In addition, patients treated with elastics showed a significant decrease of OP/MP (mandibular plane) in Angle class III and considerable increase of OP/SN and OP/PP in Angle class II. Observations of the group treated with bimaxillary extractions showed that OP/SN (sella nasion line) and OP/PP differ in a meaningful way.

Conclusion: This study confirms the association between the skeletal pattern and the OP inclination in adults. Concerning the Angle classification, there was no significant difference between the groups. Orthodontic therapy had an influence on the inclination of this plane for the different malocclusions. Premolars extraction in class I cases significantly modified the OP. For class II and III malocclusions, the OP inclination was mainly altered by the use of intermaxillary traction elastics.
On the Biography of Vyacheslav Ivanov: “Even Wednesdays”
Authors: Obatnin Gennady V.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the history of the latest literary and philosophical meetings in the legendary St. Petersburg salon of Vyach. Ivanov and L. Zinovieva- Annibal on Tavricheskaya St., known as “The Tower”. On the basis of archival, epistolary and memoir materials, an attempt is made to reconstruct the events and interpret their contradictory assessments by contemporaries, to find out the fullest possible circle of guests and the program of the evenings. The second season at “The Tower”, with its traditional meetings on Wednesdays, was organized by its inhabitants on even days, but due to the fire at first and then to the hostess’ illness, it actually ended after four meetings between October 1906 and February 1907. The work also supplements and clarifies some facts and circumstances familiar from the memoirs of visitors of the “Ivanov Tower” (N. Berdyaev, M. Sabashnikova).
“The Captain Doesn’t Count Alone…”: M. Kuzmin and “The Sailors of Marseilles”...
Authors: Dmitriev Pavel V.
Published: June 2021

The paper is dedicated to the history of a short-lived Petrograd literary group “The Sailors of Marseilles” (spring-autumn, 1917) united around M. Kuzmin. Despite its ambitious plans announced in the press, and self-positioning as a literary and artistic society, the creative output of the group was quite modest. The degree of commitment within the group remains unclear  – to what extent the members of the Second Workshop of poets were involved in the new literary project? The paper brings out certain coincidences and similarities in the texts of the poets  – regular members of the group, highlights their connections with other artistic communities. A special attention is paid to the name of the group  – “The Sailors of Marseilles”, and a new hypothesis about its origin is put forward. The paper comprises the first publication of a fragment of Marseillaise translated by M. Kuzmin in 1921.
Whither drifted “The Sailors of Marseilles” in 1917?
Authors: Pakhomova Aleksandra S.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the history of lesser-known literary union “The Sailors of Marseilles” that existed in Petrograd in 1917. Mikhail Kuzmin was the central figure and the most popular writer in this union. Other “sailors” were young poets who wanted to reach out the audience and to get the opportunity for publication. Until now, this union has not been studied in the context of Kuzmin’s oeuvre, literary reputation and author’s strategies. Some conclusions have been made in the process of our research. First of all, Kuzmin’s attitude to literary unions has been specified. As we can see, he considered literary groups as a commonwealth of independent authors exploiting shared writing technics. On the other hand, he did not approve ideological unification within such unions. Denying hierarchy in literary groups, Kuzmin strove to create a literary union on an equal footing. He emphasized the individuality of each “sailor” to create to make it real, but in fact, this union was just adopting Kuzmin’s techniques, i.e., it followed the authoritative model. It should be mentioned, that the organization of the group was also the Kuzmin’s endeavour to assert his literary reputation that was in decline during 1917. Moreover, the whole concept of “The Sailors of Marseilles” was carried in accordance with the nautical symbolics developed by Kuzmin in 1917. The sea was the sign of power and war, and the sailors were the image of fraternity capable to contradict this power. “The Sailors of Marseilles” in the final count can be considered as creative-life Kuzmin’s project.
“Chinary” in M. Kuzmin’s Journals
Authors: Ustinov Andrei B.
Published: June 2021

The paper presents selected records from Mikhail Kuzmin’s diary that deal with – directly or indirectly – Daniil Kharms and his literary associates since the first mentioning of “mystic-futurist Vvedensky” on March 16, 1924, and up to the arrest of Kharms and Vvedensky in “Gosizdat Juvenile Sector case” in December 1931. The records reveal lots of new biographical facts and aspects of literary life of the time. The publication is provided with the necessary commentary and the introductory article that recreates the background of Kuzmin’s relations with “Chinary” and later with OBERIU in the context of Leningrad culture of the late 1920s-early 1930s. A special attention is paid to the writers of “Kuzmin circle” that had personal relationships with Vvedensky and Kharms.
A Futurist Emulation of Horace
Authors: Schruba Manfred
Published: June 2021

The article presents an analysis of Alexey Kruchenykh’s and Velimir Khlebnikov’s collective poem Pamiatnik (The Monument), published in the futurist brochure Slovo kak takovoe (“The Word as Such”; 1913). The poem belongs to the “genre” of emulations of Horace’s “Exegi monumentum aere perennius…” (Carmina III, 30), quite widespread and important in Russian poetry. Kruchenykh’s and Khlebnikov’s poem contains, on the one hand, parodistic references to the well-known “monument” poems of Alexander Pushkin and Gavriil Derzhavin. At the same time, the futurist Monument represents an entirely serious continuation of the tradition of the Horace emulations, reflecting the authors’ self-confident conviction of their poetic immortality and of the avoidance of the oblivion by means of the proper creative work.
From the Index to Akhmatova’s Notebooks: Two Persons from Bogomolov’s List
Authors: Timenchik Roman D.
Published: June 2021

The article from the author's cycle “From the Index to Akhmatova's Notebooks” demonstrates the attempt of an extensive commentary on Akhmatova's working notes, organized around the characters present on the pages of her notebooks, a kind of free Akhmatova encyclopedia, where different periods of her long life are combined in the onomasticon. A comment of this kind snatches out representative fragments of Akhmatova's epoch, but the degree of presence of different persons in the list, or even their absence, does not always reflect their weight in Akhmatova's biography. The present article is devoted to two poets – Yuri Verkhovsky and Aleksandr Tiniakov (the latter was also a literary critic and published essays about Akhmatova’s poetry). Some publications and studies by late Nikolay A. Bogomolov were dedicated to these two poets. The present article is in memoriam N.A. Bogomolov.
Investigation of serum isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities with related oxidative stress markers in preeclampsia
Authors: Selek Sahabettin , Gul Ayse Zehra , Atakul Nil , Meydan Sedat , Sarıkaya Alime , Koktasoglu Fatmanur , Atamer Yıldız
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Preeclampsia, a high cause of fetomaternal
morbidity-mortality, remains a significant burden affecting 8% of all
pregnancies. Environmental conditions induce disease development leading
to endothelial dysfunction in genetically predisposed women. Our aim is
to discuss oxidative stress as a well-established contributing factor to
disease progression with being the first study to show new evidence
about serum dehydrogenase enzyme levels (isocitrate, malate, glutamate
dehydrogenase) with oxidative markers (myeloperoxidase, total
antioxidant-oxidant status, oxidative stress index). Methods: Serum
parameters were analyzed with photometric method (Abbott ARCHITECT
c8000). Results: Results showed that the enzyme levels and oxidative
markers were significantly higher in patients, supporting the redox
imbalance in preeclampsia. According to ROC analysis, malate
dehydrogenase showed an outstanding diagnostic ability with the highest
AUC value of 0.9 and the cut-off value of 51.2 IU/L. Discriminant
analysis including malate, isocitrate and glutamate dehydrogenase had
predicted preeclampsia with an overall %87.9 accuracy. Discussion:
Considering the above results, we propose that the enzyme levels
increase with oxidative stress functioning as antioxidant defense
factors. The unique finding of the study is that the serum levels of
malate, isocitrate and glutamate dehydrogenase can be used both
separately and combined in the early prediction of preeclampsia. As a
novel approach, we also offer combining serum isocitrate and glutamate
dehydrogenase levels with ALT, AST tests to state liver functions more
reliably in patients. Still, larger sample-sized studies investigating
enzyme expression levels are required to confirm the recent findings and
to reveal underlying mechanisms.
Five-year patency for the no-touch saphenous vein and the left internal thoracic artery in on- and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Arbeus Mikael , Souza Domingos , Geijer Håkan , Lidén Mats , Pinheiro Bruno , Bodin Lennart , Samano Ninos
Published: June 2021

Background Randomised trials show high long-term patency for no-touch
saphenous vein grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting. The patency
rate in off-pump coronary bypass surgery for these grafts has not been
investigated. Our centre participated in the CORONARY randomized trial,
NCT00463294. This is a sub-study aimed to assess the patency of no-touch
saphenous veins in on- versus off-pump coronary bypass surgery at
five-year follow-up. Methods Fifty-six patients were included. Forty of
49 patients, alive at five years, participated in this follow-up. There
were 21 and 19 patients in the on- and off-pump groups respectively.
No-touch saphenous veins were used to bypass all targets and in some
cases the left anterior descending artery. Graft patency according to
distal anastomosis was evaluated with computed tomography angiography.
Results The five-year patency rate was 123/139 (88.5%). The patency for
the no-touch vein grafts was 57/64 (89.1%) in the on-pump vs 37/45
(82.2%) in the off-pump group. All left internal thoracic arteries
except for one, 29/30 (96.6%), were patent. All vein grafts used to
bypass the left anterior descending and the diagonal arteries were
patent 32/32. The lowest patency rate for the saphenous veins was to the
right coronary territory, particularly in off-pump surgery (80.0% vs
62.5% for the on- respective off-pump groups). Conclusions Comparable
five-year patency for the no-touch saphenous veins and the left internal
thoracic arteries to the left anterior descending territory in both on-
and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Graft patency in off-pump
CABG is lower to the right coronary artery.
Isolated Aplasia cutis congenita :Case report of two cases
Authors: WU YAN , Liu Jun , Luo Qiong
Published: June 2021

This paper demonstrated two cases of Aplasia cutis congenita diagnosed
after birth. No abnormalities were seen during the antenatal examination
of the fetus during pregnancy. One case was treated surgically and the
other conservatively, both with a good prognosis.
Medication Therapy of High-Dose Methotrexate: An Evidence-Based Practice Guideline Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese Pharmacological Society
Authors: Zaiwei Song , Hu Yang , Liu Shuang , Wang Guanru , Zhai Suo-Di , Zhang Xianglin , Li Youping , Du Guanhua , Shi Yuankai , Chen Yaolong , Dong Mei , Rui-chen Guo , Guo Wei , Huang Hongbing , Huang Xiaojun , Jing Hongmei , Ke Xiaoyan , Li Guohui , Miao Liyan , Niu Xiaohui , Qiu Feng , Shen Jingnan , Tang Jingyan , Wang Tian-You , Wang Xiaoling , Wang Zhuo , Wu Jiuhong , Zhan Si-Yan , Zhang Bi-kui , Zhang Lingli , Zhang Yanhua , Zhang Wei , Zhao Li , Zhao Li-bo , Zhen Jiancun , Zheng Huyong , Zhu Zhu , Jiang Dan , Huang Zhencheng , Tan Zhiyuan , Lin Qiaonan , Zhao Rongsheng
Published: June 2021

Objectives: A lot of medication risks related to high-dose methotrexate
(HDMTX) therapy still remain to be identified and standardized. This
study aims to establish an evidence-based practice guideline for
individualized medication of HDMTX. Methods: The practice guideline was
launched by the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Chinese
Pharmacological Society. The guideline was developed following the WHO
handbook for guideline development and the methodology of evidence-based
medicine (EBM). The guideline was initially registered in the
International Practice Guidelines Registry Platform (IPGRP-2017CN021).
Systematic reviews were conducted to synthesis available evidence. A
multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted by questionnaires to
evaluate patients’ perception and willingness on individualized
medication of HDMTX. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,
Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate the
quality of evidence and to grade the strength of recommendations.
Results: Multidisciplinary working groups were included in this
guideline, including clinicians, pharmacists, methodologists,
pharmacologists and pharmacoeconomic specialists. A total of 124
patients were involved to integrate patient values and preferences.
Finally, the guideline presents 28 recommendations, regarding evaluation
prior to medication (renal function, liver function, pleural effusion,
comedications, genetic testing), pre-treatment and routine dosing
regimen, therapeutic drug monitoring (necessity, method, timing, target
concentration), leucovorin rescue (initial timing, dosage regimen and
optimization), management of toxicities. Of them, 12 are strong
recommendations. Conclusions: We developed an evidence-based practice
guideline with respect to HDMTX medication using a rigorous and
multidisciplinary approach. This guideline provides comprehensive and
practical recommendations involving the whole process of HDMTX
medication to health care providers.
Higher anticholinergic burden from medications is associated with significant increase in markers of inflammation in the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population-based cohort study
Authors: SANGHAVI RIA , Pana Tiberiu , Mamayusuppova Hulkar , Maidment Ian , Fox Chris , Boekholdt S.Matthijs , Mamas Mamas , Wareham Nicholas , Khaw Kay-tee , Myint Phyo
Published: June 2021

Background: Higher anticholinergic burden from medications is associated
with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive function
decline. A mechanistic pathway has never been established. We aimed to
determine whether chronic inflammation may mediate these associations.
Methods: Participants were drawn from the European Prospective
Investigation into Cancer, Norfolk cohort (40-79 years at baseline). The
anticholinergic cognitive burden score (ACB) was calculated at
baseline/first (1HC) (1993/97) and second (2HC) (1998/2000) health
checks. Plasma fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured
during 1HC and Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6
(IL-6) during 2HC. Cross-sectional associations between ACB and
inflammatory markers were examined for 1HC and 2HC, respectively. The
prospective association was also examined between 1HC ACB and 2HC
inflammatory markers. All models adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle
factors, co-morbidities and medications. Results: 17,678 and 22,051
participants were included in cross-sectional analyses for CRP, and
fibrinogen, respectively. A total of 5,101 participants with available
data for TNF-α and IL-6 were included in the longitudinal analyses.
Cross-sectionally, a point increase in the ACB was associated with a
significant increase in all inflammatory markers (beta (standard error):
fibrinogen – 0.035g/l (0.006), p<0.001; CRP 0.284mg/l
(0.044), p<0.001; TNF-α 0.031pg/ml (0.010), p=0.002; and IL-6
0.112pg/ml (0.033), p=0.001. Longitudinally, a unit increase in the ACB
was associated with a significant increase in TNF-α 0.028pg/ml (0.011),
p=0.013 and IL-6 0.076 pg/ml (0.035), p=0.029. Conclusion: Higher
anticholinergic burden was significantly associated with higher
inflammatory markers. Inflammation may mediate the relationship between
exposure to anticholinergic medications and adverse outcomes
Experimental investigations on mixing of candle nut and soap nut biodiesels blended with diesel for diesel engines
Authors: Jayaseelan G. , Anderson A.
Published: June 2021

Candle nut oil was produced from candle nut seeds by the process of crushing
and filtering. The candle nut biodiesel was prepared by two-step co-solvent
esterification process and is found to be a one of the best alternate fuel
for running the diesel engine. The oxidation stability of the candle nut
biodiesel was found to be poor and this leads to high acid value and
inception of insoluble gums and dregs or scum that can block the fuel
filters. Soap nut oil was extracted from soap nut seeds by the process of
crushing and filtering. The soap nut biodiesel was prepared by
transesterification process and has higher oxidation stability compared to
candle nut biodiesel. Similarly, the cold filter plugging point of candle
nut biodiesel is good compared to soap nut biodiesel and it depends upon the
amount of saturated fat. Hence the mixing of soap nut biodiesel and candle
nut biodiesel will increase the properties for the smooth run of engine with
fewer emissions compared to diesel. In this work, engine performances and
exhaust contents are evaluated for various blends of mixed soap nut
biodiesel and Candle nut biodiesel.
Comparative analysis of CuO-based spiral flow photovoltaic sheet and tube thermal system
Authors: Deshmukh Manish , Satpute Jitendra , Purwant Nikhil , Deshmukh Dheeraj , Chavhan Sandip
Published: June 2021

The current work investigates experimental characteristics of the PVT system integrated with CuO-water spiral flow heat exchanger and compared with non-cooled PV module. The work describes detailed procedure of nanoparticles preparation, SEM characterizations, and heat extraction characteristics of nanofluid in PVT application. The heat exchanger was pasted at the back of polycrystalline PV module to form PVT system to examine cooling ability, power generation, thermal-electrical yield and overall efficiency at a different volume concentration of CuO nanoparticles at steady mass-flow rate of 0.08 kg/s. From the experiments, it was concluded that the CuO-water nanofluids assisted to lessen surface temperature of PV module by extracting heat that enhanced electrical efficiency by an average of 3.53%. It was also seen that electrical and thermal performance was improved at higher volume concentration and overall efficiency of 30.77% and 36.59% were obtained at 0.01% and 0.03% of volume concentration.
Experimental and numerical stress and strain analysis of the boiler reversing chamber tube plate
Authors: Rajic Milena , Zivkovic Dragoljub , Banic Milan , Mancic Marko , Maneski Tasko , Milosevic Milos , Mitrovic Nenad
Published: June 2021

Boilers are one of the most used units for both heat generation plants and industry systems. Their operation is subjected to different working loads and maintenance requirements. Exploitation experience points out critical boiler zones where failures and break downs typically occur. This paper analyzes critical zones in hot water fire-tube boiler. Experimental procedure was performed on the model of this type of boilers and its critical element. The tube plate of hot water boiler was identified as the most critical one. Experimental analysis and numerical model verification were performed using Aramis system based on 3-D digital image correlation method. Numerical analysis was done in ANSYS software package and verification of results was done based on measurements obtained by strain gauges and local measurements performed by the Aramis system. Stress-strain analysis indicates the critical zones of boiler tube plate. The character of change parameters such as strain and stress occurring in the critical zones can be verified both by experimental and numerical data. The paper presents a novel approach in experimental and numerical analyses that can be conducted in similar units and used for existing unit optimization, as well as for new product testing on different loads and provide opportunity for further development and improvement for practical industrial application.
COMPULSORY VOTING AND SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION
Authors: Richard Stanislas Victor
Published: June 2021

A prominent defense of compulsory voting is based on the negative effects of a low turnout on democracy, which leads to an unequal representation of the most vulnerable citizens of our societies, since they are the least likely to vote voluntarily. This paper shows that this justification relies on the truth of an added premise—that voting is a proxy for use of political influence and power. However, the inclusion of this premise weakens the entire argument, which regains consistency only through the adoption of a narrow understanding of what representation is.
The Neo-Colonial Political Economy of Scholarly Publishing: Its UK-US Origins, Maxwell's Role, and Implications for Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Gray Eve
Published: June 2021

The prevailing dynamics of today's global scholarly publishing ecosystem were largely established by UK and US publishing interests in the years immediately after the Second World War. With a central role played by publisher Robert Maxwell, the two nations that emerged victorious from the war were able to dilute the power of German-language academic publishing-dominant before the war-and bring English-language scholarship, and in particular English-language journals, to the fore. Driven by intertwined nationalist, commercial, and technological ambitions, English-language academic journals and impact metrics gained preeminence through narratives grounded in ideas of "global" reach and values of "excellence"-while "local" scholarly publishing in sub-Saharan Africa, as in much of the developing world, was marginalised. These dynamics established in the post-war era still largely hold true today, and need to be dismantled in the interests of more equitable global scholarship and socio-economic development.
Narrative Styles and Institutional Isomorphism in South African CEOs' Shareholder Letters
Authors: Du Toit Elda , Esterhuyse Leana
Published: June 2021

Among the most-read corporate documents are chief executive officers' (CEOs') shareholder letters. Using institutional isomorphism as lens, this study examines the extent to which the narrative styles used by South African CEOs in their shareholder letters are similar to the styles used by CEOs at leading international companies. The study also explores the degree to which impression management techniques are present in the South African CEOs' shareholder letters. The study uses DICTION software to conduct a narrative analysis of South African CEOs' shareholder letters for a single financial year, and compares the findings with those drawn from the Craig and Amernic (2018) study of the shareholder letters of CEOs from samples of international Fortune 500 and FTSE 100 companies. The study finds that optimism and realism are the two most-used narrative styles in South African CEOs' shareholder letters, and that these findings are markedly similar to those generated by the Craig and Amernic (2018) study of international companies. The study contributes to the understanding of normative institutional isomorphism in corporate reporting by providing empirical evidence that the narrative styles employed by CEOs of companies in a developing economy with high corporate governance standards conform to the same norms as those of CEOs of large international companies. The study also finds that the South African CEOs' dominant communication styles in the shareholder letters lend themselves to being tools of impression management.
Problematic Internet Use (PIU) Among Adolescents during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Study of High School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen , Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika , Adebayo Ayodeji Matthew
Published: June 2021

Problematic internet use (PIU) has generally been strongly associated with depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, especially among adolescents, with resulting consequences for their health. This study explores the pattern of internet use, and the prevalence of PIU before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, as well as the causes, effects, and potential mitigation measures in respect of PIU during the lockdown, among high school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire, including a 20-question internet addiction test (IAT), was administered during the COVID-19 lockdown to 440 adolescents enrolled in high schools. Of these adolescents, 7.7% appeared from their responses to have had PIU before the COVID-19 lockdown period. However, 64.3% of respondents appeared from their responses to have had PIU during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The main reasons for the increased PIU were boredom, loneliness, idleness, pleasure gained from internet use, physical isolation, and the need for information and communication. The effects of PIU reported among the adolescents included reduced family intimacy, poor academic performance, loss of concentration, as well as internet abuse and risky sexual behaviour. To mitigate PIU among high school students, parental monitoring of adolescents, and their internet access and use, should be promoted. In addition, programmes should be organised by the media and academic institutions to keep adolescents engaged in productive tasks.
Tradisi Okomama sebagai Media Penyelesaian Masalah Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) di Kecamatan Kota Soe, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Makleat Nirwaning
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan tradisi okomama sebagai media penyelesaian masalah kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di Kecamatan Kota Soe, Nusa Tenggara Timur.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif etnografis dengan subyek penelitian terdiri dari masyarakat, tokoh adat, tokoh agama, tokoh pemerintahan dan lembaga sosial yang menangani permasalahan KDRT di kecamatan kota Soe. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Keabsahan data penelitian menggunakan teknik trianggulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi menyelesaikan masalah melalui pendekatan budaya okomama didasarkan pada pemahaman masyarakat mengenai makna budaya okomama sebagai simbol penghargaan dan perdamaian. Khusus dalam proses penyelesaian masalah KDRT melalui media okomama ditemukan adanya nilai-nilai pembelajaran yang transformatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tradisi okomama sebagai media penyelesaian masalah kekerasan dalam rumah tangga telah menjadi sumber nilai yang diwariskan secara turun temurun dan juga menjadi pengalaman belajar informal dalam kehidupan berkeluarga dan bermasyarakat.
Penggunaan Alat Permainan Edukatif Di Taman Kanak-Kanak Generasi Amanah Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Authors: Rosdiana Rosdiana , Lestari Anggun
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan Alat Permainan Edukatif di taman kanak-kanak Paud Generasi Amanah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, informan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 1 orang pengelola dan 2 guru Taman kanak-kanak PAUD Generasi Amanah. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis  data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis interaktif dengan cara pengumpulan data,  reduksi data, menyajikan data dan menarik kesimpulan. Untuk membangun keabsahan penelitian dilakukan dengan cara triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penggunaan Alat Permainan Edukatif yang  digunakan di  Taman Kanak-kanak PAUD Generasi Amanah dibagi menjadi dua jenis 1) indoor yaitu pohon berhitung, papan bergambar, balok,  flash card, boneka  bayi,  latto, peraga wudhu, APE sholat wanita, APE  sholat  laki-laki, mainan meronce, jam bundar, angklung, gendang, rambu-rambu lalu lintas, lego, puzzle, alat kedokteran, alat bangunan` dan sebagainya, 2) alat permainan edukatif outdoor yaitu ayunan, kumedi putar, bak air, prosotan. Pengelolaan penggunaan APE di Taman Kanak- kanak PAUD Generasi Amanah disesuaikan dengan RPPH (Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Harian) dan dalam penggunaannya disesuaikan dengan ketersediaan alat permainan edukatif baik cara membuat sendiri (kreativitas) atau membeli dengan mempertimbangkan jumlah peserta didik.
Kompetensi Tutor Dan Manajemen Pendidikan Pada PKBM Hanuba Dalam Mencapai Tujuan Pembelajaran
Authors: Hasibuan Jubaidah
Published: June 2021

Kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh pendidik atau tutor di PKBM Hanuba belum seutuhnya ada didalam diri mereka, masih adanya tutor yang mengajar tidak sesuai dengan bidangnya membuat transfer of knowledge dan penguasaan materi kurang maksimal dan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) kesenjangan antara teori profesi kependidikan dengan profesi tutor di PKBM Hanuba; 2) bagaimana penerapan 4 kompetensi pendidik pada setiap tutor PKBM Hanuba; dan 3) bagaimana sistem manajemen pendidikan pada PKBM Hanuba. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian di PKBM Hanuba Kota Medan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Analisis data melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi data
EXAMINING TRANSLATION PROBLEMS IN INDONESIAN TOURISM BROCHURES: A CASE FROM GORONTALO
Authors: Napu Novriyanto , Pakaya Usman
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the English translations of brochures published by the Tourist Board of Gorontalo Province Government in Indonesia. This quantitative study looked at tourism brochures, both in Indonesian and English, as the source of data. The data were analyzed by considering the frequency and percentage to assess the problems of the English translation used as promotional material. The results reveal that the most frequent problems were syntactic problems (61.54%), followed by semantic problems (26.37%) and miscellaneous problems (12.09%) respectively. This study is expected to contribute to the form of feedback and implications regarding the level of problems and effectiveness of the promotional material in English for future improvement. The results of this study can also be used to develop a model for the use of effective and persuasive English to improve the quality of tourism promotion material by the aforementioned party so that there will be an increased number of interest in foreign tourists visiting Gorontalo in the future. The implication in language learning especially in translator training is also considered.
The Adoption of Cohesive Devices (CDs) in Indonesian Students of EFL’s Opinion Essays
Authors: Nirwanto Rahmadi
Published: June 2021

This study aims at investigating the types of cohesive devices (CDs) and the errors in using cohesive devices (CDs) in opinion essays made by the Indonesian students of EFL.The subjects were twenty-six (26) undergraduate program students of EFL enrolled in an Argumentative writing class. To get the data, they were asked to write an opinion essay which consists of five paragraphs (including introductory and concluding paragraph). After the data were collected, each of the students’ paper was read to identify the use of cohesive devices based on the theory of cohesion proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976). Then, the number, the frequency and the percentage of cohesive devices were counted. The results of the study revealed that reference had the highest percentage (52.04%), followed by lexical cohesion (32.95%) and conjunction (15.02%). Meanwhile, substitution and ellipsis were absent. Although there were three types of cohesive to be used, the errors still happened in small number  such as in conjunction; but, so, or and and.
Translation Strategy of Cultural Aspects in Lat Cartoons: The Kampung Boy
Authors: Sharif Sarinah , Ismail Saliza
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the translation of the Malay cultural elements into Japanese by focusing on translation techniques used by the translator in a cartoon The Kampung Boy (Budak Kampung カ ン ポ ン ボ ー イ). The Kampung Boy is a graphic biographic book of the famous cartoonist, Dato 'Mohd Nor Khalid or better known as Dato' Lat, who appealed to the life of his childhood in a village in the Kinta Valley, Perak, in the 1950s and early in the year 1960, as well as the stories of family life in the rural and traditional customs. The book was first published in Malaysia in Malay and English in 1979 and was translated into several languages ​​, including Japanese. This paper is a qualitative study using comparative methods, analyzing cultural details based on translation theories, semantic theory, and sociolinguistic theory. Comparisons are also conducted to identify translation strategies adopted by translators in translating cultural elements in this work. This paper is guided by the translation strategy submitted by translation figures such as Newmark (1988) and Abdullah & Ainon Mohd (2007). Six (6) samples of cultural elements have been selected, i.e., related to birth, head shaving, circumcision, recite the Quran, traditional wedding, and games. The findings show that translators tend to use loan techniques with explanatory notes compared to other six (6) samples from twelve (12) selected samples. The sample translated with this loan strategy is a cultural element in custom culture/ideology. At the same time, five (5) samples use replacement techniques, and one (1) sample using a generalization strategy.
Ethical Considerations on the Connection between Biological Weapons and Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aluaş Maria , Jeican Ionuț Isaia
Published: June 2021

"After the Covid-19 pandemic was officially declared by the United Nations Organization on 11 March 2020, this has been associated with the state of war and biological weapons. Could the Covid-19 pandemic, which caused hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide, be considered a result of experiments? A simple search on search engines for the terms “biological weapons” and “Covid-19” retrieves approximately 10,200,000 results in 0.69 seconds, allowing to conclude that the two ideas and concepts have been frequently associated lately. During the periods of restrictions imposed on the population by authorities (emergency ordinances, state of emergency, lockdown measures, etc.), various apocalyptic scenarios have been advanced and debated, mass media and social networks being an unprecedented arena for raising topics and taking stands. The population has been assaulted with extreme information, and words such as war, weapons, insecurity, and control have been frequently expressed. This paper aims to highlight the ethical issues regarding the connection between the Covid-19 pandemic and biological weapons.

Keywords: biological weapons, Covid-19, ethical considerations
"
Complicidad de las instituciones financieras internacionales en la violación de derechos humanos en el contexto de reformas económicas
Authors: Bohoslavsky Juan Pablo
Published: June 2021

Este artículo demuestra que la introducción de medidas de ajuste no contribuye a la recuperación económica sino que, en cambio, trae aparejadas consecuencias negativas en términos de crecimiento económico, coeficientes de endeudamiento e igualdad, generando frecuentemente una serie de impactos negativos en materia de derechos humanos. Y por lo tanto, que existe una sólida base legal para sostener una inconsistencia prima facie entre la imposición de políticas de ajuste en tiempos de recesión y el disfrute de derechos humanos.
Argentina y el FMI: un enfoque histórico de las condicionalidades y su incidencia en los derechos humanos económicos y sociales, 1956-2020
Authors: Brenta Noemí
Published: June 2021

En primer lugar, este trabajo se refiere a los programas de Argentina con el FMI entre 1956 y 2020; luego se examinan las condicionalidades de los acuerdos stand by y de facilidades extendidas signados en el mismo período. Posteriormente, se analizan los efectos de los programas del FMI en la macroeconomía argentina a través de su impacto contractivo sobre el crecimiento, y el aumento de la inflación y del desempleo, variables que influyen directamente en el ejercicio de los derechos económicos y sociales; y se revela el deterioro de los indicadores sociales en una década completa bajo programas del organismo, la de la Convertibilidad y luego, nuevamente, en 2018-2019. Las conclusiones reflexionan sobre la influencia de las condicionalidades en la configuración económica argentina y sobre la discrecionalidad del FMI en la aprobación del stand by y su ampliación en 2018.
¿Puede la deuda ser sustentable si la vida no lo es?
Authors: Féliz Mariano
Published: June 2021

El acuerdo firmado por el gobierno argentino con el FMI en 2018 propuso una serie de condicionalidades que buscaban garantizar la sostenibilidad de la deuda. En la actualidad, el nuevo gobierno que asumió en diciembre de 2019 se encuentra negociando un nuevo acuerdo que buscará restablecer esa sostenibilidad sobre la base de nuevas condicionalidades. Aquel acuerdo planteó explícitamente algunas protecciones a los sectores más vulnerables de la población. De alguna forma velada, el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) reconoció en un acuerdo la necesidad de garantizar la protección de la población más vulnerable como contracara necesaria para la sostenibilidad de la deuda. ¿Garantizan esas salvaguardas los derechos humanos frente a las consecuencias del ajuste fiscal en pos de la sustentabilidad de la deuda? En este artículo mostraremos que para obtener una respuesta a tal interrogante es necesario incorporar al debate la dimensión de la reproducción social y la sostenibilidad de la vida como punto de pivote entre la protección de los derechos humanos y la sustentabilidad de la deuda. A partir de esa discusión, analizaremos por qué el programa de ajuste firmado en 2018 en el marco del acuerdo con el FMI no solo violentó abiertamente los derechos económicos y sociales de la población en Argentina, sino que al poner en riesgo la sostenibilidad de la vida (y así la propia reproducción ampliada del capital), puso en cuestión la propia sustentabilidad fiscal de la deuda. Tendiendo puentes entre dos paradigmas diferentes pero complementarios (el paradigma de los derechos humanos y el paradigma de la reproducción social), mostramos que si no se pone en el centro la vida y los derechos humanos, la deuda es siempre insustentable.
El acuerdo entre el FMI y Argentina en 2018
Authors: Justo Juan Bautista
Published: June 2021

A mediados de 2018 el ministro de Hacienda de Argentina y el presidente del Banco Central de ese país enviaron una carta a la directora del Fondo Monetario Internacional solicitando un préstamo de 50 000 millones de dólares. En unos pocos días, menos de una semana hábil, ese pedido fue aceptado por el FMI y luego ampliado en 7100 millones de dólares más, desembolsándose finalmente un total de 45 000 millones. De acuerdo a lo que surge de constancias judiciales y administrativas, la decisión de contraer el préstamo fue adoptada por los precitados funcionarios argentinos sin ley especial habilitante, sin acto administrativo autorizatorio, sin expediente y sin recabar previamente los dictámenes jurídicos y técnicos exigidos por la legislación nacional. Esas omisiones determinaron que la operatoria presentara severas falencias en materia de competencia y procedimientos de formación de la voluntad estatal. En este trabajo se plantea que esa sumatoria de fallas en los procesos decisorios domésticos implicó una transgresión por parte del Estado a sus obligaciones bajo la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos en materia de derechos civiles y políticos –gobierno democrático, participación ciudadana y acceso a la información pública– y derechos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales, todo lo cual compromete la validez del acuerdo celebrado con el organismo financiero.