bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS DAUN SIRSAK TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BALIBO KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA
Authors: Safruddin  , Nadia Alfira
Published: January 2020

Hypertension or high blood pressure is an increase in normal blood pressure in blood vessels. Hypertension sufferers in addition to high risk of suffering from heart disease, are also at risk of suffering from other diseases such as nerve and kidney disease. Treatment of hypertension can be done by pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods. Lately the treatment is often done by people who consume herbal plants. The ability of herbs to control hypertension has been proven by our ancestors during various years. One of the herbal plants proven to be able to reduce blood pressure is soursop leaves. Research Objectives is To measure the level of risk of soursop to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension in the Work Area of ​​Balibo Health Center, Kindang District, Bulukumba Regency. Research Methods is Quantitative research methods using pre-experimental designs, namely experimental research designs consisting of one group pretest - posttest design. The population in this study were all hypertensive sufferers who were in the work area of ​​Balibo Community Health Center, Kindang District, Bulukumba District, as many as 567 people, 15 samples were taken with successive sampling techniques. The instrument used was a sphygmomanometer, produced in the observation sheet. Research Results is There is a problem with soursop leaves in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients in the Puskemsas Balibo work area, Kindang District, Bulukumba Regency. This was discussed with the results of the Wilcoxon systole blood pressure obtained p <α (p = <0.001), and diastolic blood pressure obtained p value <α (p = 0.002). Conclusion: There is an effect of soursop leaves on blood pressure reduction in hypertensive patients in the work area of ​​Puskemsas Balibo, Kindang District, Bulukumba Regency. Suggestion is expected that hypertension sufferers and health workers to use soursop leaves as a treatment for hypertension.
UJI BIOAKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAH SAWO MANILA (Manilkara zapota) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Salmonella typhi
Authors: Salnus Subakhir , Nurhamsia
Published: January 2020

This research was conducted bioactivities by using raw fruits of sapodilla sapota (Manilkara zapota) as a drag growth media of Salmonella typhi bacteria causes typhoid fever disease. Salmonella typhi is a species of bacteria that are gram-negative bacilli shaped, facultative, aerobic, moving with a single pertrich. Sapdilla sapota has antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi, because it contains a variety of secondary metabolite compounds such as saponins, tannins and flavonoids.  The purpose of this research was to know how efective the raw fruits of sapodilla sapota (Manilkara zapota) against the growth of Salmonella typhi. This is an laboratory research by using diffusion test method. The sample of this research is to extract the fruit of sapodilla sapota (Manilkara zapota) crude. The results of this research, are 35% concentration of extract cannot be formed drag zone (0 mm), but in 40, 45, 50 and 55% of concentration there are had drag zone (9 mm, 13 mm, 13.5 mm, and 18 mm). this can be said that the raw fruit of sapodilla sapota extract can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria can be done, then the next extension to the sufferers of the disease typhus to consume raw fruits of sapodilla sapota so that can reduce the growth of bacteria.
DOA DAN HARAPAN AKAN ALLAH YANG MEMBEBASKAN SEBUAH TAFSIRAN POST-KOLONIAL DANIEL 9:1-27
Authors: Benyamin Nefry Christoffel
Published: January 2020

This writing tries to interprete one of the chapters in the Book of Daniel, especially Daniel 9:1-17 by using post-colonial perspective. The perspective invites the readers to realize that they inherited the values from the colonialization time and therefore they need to re-think critically the interpretation of biblical texts which are fulfilled by the values of colonialism. Daniel 9:1-27 talks about God’s hope that makes His people to experience God’s freedom. Based on the texts above, the writer makes reflections about its meaning and tries to apply it in the context of the Church in the present situation.
KONFLIK KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM PEKABARAN INJIL: SEBUAH PEMAKNAAN TERHADAP PERSELISIHAN PAULUS DAN BARNABAS DALAM KISAH PARA RASUL 15:35-41
Authors: Setyowati Dwi Atni
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses a conflict involving Paul and Barnabas in Acts 15:35-41. Stott argued that this conflict is a sad story. Nevertheless, based on the narrative interpretation exploring some narrative components in Acts 15:35-41, namely plot, time and place setting, characters, and narrative rhetoric, this paper is to show that the story of the conflict is not a sad story. Actually, the story is a part of Luke’s rhetoric in exposing that the work of the Holy Spirit was not be able to be resisted by everything and telling about the consequences of different models of leadership especially in recruitment for the sake of God’s mission as well.
DIMENSI PASTORAL DALAM DOA: MENEMUKENALI PRAKTIK DOA YANG BERTANGGUNGJAWAB DALAM PELAYANAN PENDAMPINGAN DAN KONSELING PASTORAL
Authors: Messakh Besly J.T
Published: January 2020

Looking from a pastoral care and counseling perspective, prayer as a ritual is a human response for God’s action. As a response, prayer presupposes a responsible communication with God as absolute authority in one’s life. If the communication running well, the pastoral function of prayer as a ritual enhance people well-being mentality and spirituality. Therefore, when doing pastoral care or pastoral counseling, pastoral caregiver needs to make sure that people have healthy communication with true God as the Ultimate Absolute Authority. For those reasons, a pastoral caregiver should understand about the theological principle in praying and have ability to use prayer as pastoral means for themselves and people who need their pastoral ministry.
MENGENAL PENTAKOSTALISME DI INDONESIA
Authors: Supatra Hendarto
Published: January 2020

The author gives enough introduction of the development of the Pentecostal movement in the history of the Christian Church. The movement of the Pentecostalism was an unique development because the Holy Spirit is believed as the inisiator of the movement. Therefore, the Pentecostal churches really depends on the work of the Holy Spirit (without separated from the work of the work of God the Father and Jesus Christ). Furthermore, this article describes the development of the Pentacostal movement, especially in Indonesian context and observes the unique and positive things of the Pentacostalism, its doctrine and dangerous teachings, especially in Indonesian context. The author believes that Pentecostalism will be the face of Christianity in the future.
Desa dalam Kerangka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia : Melihat Desa dari Sudut Pandang Aturan Perundang-Undangan
Authors: Hermawan Rico
Published: January 2020

Desa adalah suatu kesatuan hukum dimana masyarakat memiliki pemerintahannya sendiri. Secara jelas, dalam konstitusi pemerintah mengakui keberadaan kesatuan-kesatuan masyarakat hukum asli Indonesia ini yang jenisnya kurang lebih mencapai 250 jenis. Pada awal Indonesia berdiri, melalui berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, pemerintah telah mengakui dan memberikan otonomi kepada desa untuk menyelenggarakan pemerintahannya sendiri. Desa mengemban tugas sebagai agen pembangunan terkecilatau dengan kata lain pembangunan nasional dimulai dari desa. Akan tetapi, situasi berubah sejak orde baru berkuasa dan melakukan proses negaranisasi terhadap desa. Sentralisasi pemerintahan berimbas pada peran desa. Penyeragaman terhadap desa di seluruh Indonesia dilakukan atas nama stabilisasi politik. Pasca Orde Baru, peran dan fungsi desa mulai direposisi. Pemerintah mulai mengakui kembali esksistensi desa-desa adat. Desentralisasi dan demokratisasi menjadi isu krusial dalam upaya pembaharuan terhadap desa. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk melacak kebelakang upaya pelaksanaan otonomi desa di Indonesia. Apakah undang-undang tentang desa teranyar yaitu UU Nomor 6 tahun 2014 akan menjadi jalan keluar dari upaya melakukan pembaharuan terhadap desa dan otonomi desa itu sendiri.
A Flexible Bayesian Framework for Assessing Habitability with Joint Observational and Model Constraints
Authors: Truitt Amanda R. , Young Patrick A. , Walker Sara I. , Spacek Alexander
Published: January 2020

The catalog of stellar evolution tracks discussed in our previous work is meant to help characterize exoplanet host stars of interest for follow-up observations with future missions like the James Webb Space Telescope. However, the utility of the catalog has been predicated on the assumption that we would precisely know the age of the particular host star in question; in reality, it is unlikely that we will be able to accurately estimate the age of a given system. Stellar age is relatively straightforward to calculate for stellar clusters, but it is difficult to accurately measure the age of an individual star to high precision. Unfortunately, this is the kind of information we should consider as we attempt to constrain the long-term habitability potential of a given planetary system of interest. This is ultimately why we must rely on predictions of accurate stellar evolution models, as well a consideration of what we can observably measure (stellar mass, composition, orbital radius of an exoplanet) in order to create a statistical framework wherein we can identify the best candidate systems for follow-up characterization. In this paper we discuss a statistical approach to constrain long-term planetary habitability by evaluating the likelihood that at a given time of observation, a star would have a planet in the 2 Gy continuously habitable zone (CHZ2). Additionally, we will discuss how we can use existing observational data (i.e., data assembled in the Hypatia catalog and the Kepler exoplanet host star database) for a robust comparison to the catalog of theoretical stellar models.
Mirror and Proton-cyclotron Instabilities Coexisting with Ambient Turbulence in a Proton–Alpha Plasma
Authors: Markovskii S. A. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Chandran Benjamin D. G.
Published: January 2020

We investigate the effect of ambient turbulence on the mirror and proton-cyclotron instabilities in a proton–alpha particle plasma. We perform three-dimensional hybrid simulations with particle-in-cell ions and a quasi-neutralizing electron fluid. The instabilities are driven by the protons with temperature perpendicular to the mean magnetic field larger than the parallel temperature. The description of these instabilities is usually based on the assumption of a uniform and stationary background. However, this assumption is violated by the ambient turbulence. In particular, the turbulent fluctuations modify the particle distribution function by making it spatially inhomogeneous and time-dependent. We compare the properties of the instabilities to the case of a uniform and stationary background and the same average temperature anisotropy and plasma beta. We find that the initial growth rates of the mirror mode are close, but the saturation level is significantly reduced when the turbulence is present. The saturation level of the proton-cyclotron mode is not affected as strongly.
Early-type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Evidence for Luminosity Evolution in Supernova Cosmology
Authors: Kang Yijung , Lee Young-Wook , Kim Young-Lo , Chung Chul , Ree Chang Hee
Published: January 2020

The most direct and strongest evidence for the presence of dark energy is provided by the measurement of galaxy distances using SNe Ia. This result is based on the assumption that the corrected brightness of SN Ia through the empirical standardization would not evolve with look-back time. Recent studies have shown, however, that the standardized brightness of SN Ia is correlated with host morphology, host mass, and local star formation rate (SFR), suggesting a possible correlation with stellar population property. To understand the origin of these correlations, we have continued our spectroscopic observations to cover most of the reported nearby early-type host galaxies. From high-quality (signal-to-noise ratio ∼175) spectra, we obtained the most direct and reliable estimates of population age and metallicity for these host galaxies. We find a significant correlation between SN luminosity (after the standardization) and stellar population age at a 99.5% confidence level. As such, this is the most direct and stringent test ever made for the luminosity evolution of SN Ia. Based on this result, we further show that the previously reported correlations with host morphology, host mass, and local SFR are most likely originated from the difference in population age. This indicates that the light-curve fitters used by the SNe Ia community are not quite capable of correcting for the population age effect, which would inevitably cause a serious systematic bias with look-back time. Notably, taken at face values, most of the Hubble residual used in the discovery of the dark energy appears to be affected by the luminosity evolution.
Relations between Coronal Mass Ejections and the Photospheric Magnetic Field in Cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Bilenko Irina A.
Published: January 2020

The number of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their parameters and cycle variations were investigated and compared to the photospheric magnetic field evolution in cycles 23 and 24. The Coordinated Data Analysis Workshops (CDAW) catalog of white-light CMEs detected by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph coronagraphs and the data on the photospheric magnetic fields from the Kitt Peak Vacuum Telescope Spectromagnetograph (KPVT/Spectromagnetograph) and the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun Vector-Spectromagnetograph (SOLIS/VSM) were used. The results suggest that not only did the number of CMEs increase in cycle 24, but that their parameters, cycle variations, distributions, and dependencies on the photospheric magnetic fields were also different. Various CME categories behave in different ways during solar cycles. The differences in the number and parameters of CMEs and their cycle variations may be related to the differences in the photospheric magnetic fields during the cycles. The strong photospheric magnetic fields maintained approximately the same strength from cycle 23 to cycle 24, whereas the weak fields became weaker and the area they occupied increased. Taking into account that the global magnetic field diminished from cycle 23 to cycle 24, the increase in the number of CMEs in cycle 24 can be understood. A detailed analysis of the similarities and differences in CME parameters and their cycle evolution indicates that, along with the influence of changes in the CME detection mode in 2004 and 2010, the changes in CME rate and parameters were also associated with real differences in the behavior of strong and weak photospheric magnetic fields in cycles 23 and 24.
First Detection of the [O i] 63 μm Emission from a Redshift 6 Dusty Galaxy
Authors: Rybak Matus , Zavala J. A. , Hodge J. A. , Casey C. M. , Werf P. van der
Published: January 2020

We report a ground-based detection of the [O i] 63 μm line in a z = 6.027 gravitationally lensed dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) G09.83808 using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment SEPIA 660 receiver, the first unambiguous detection of the [O i]63 line beyond redshift 3, and the first obtained from the ground. The [O i]63 line is robustly detected at 22 ± 5 Jy km s−1, corresponding to an intrinsic (de-lensed) luminosity of (5.4 ± 1.3) × 109
L
⊙. With the [O i]63/[C ii] luminosity ratio of 4, the [O i]63 line is the main coolant of the neutral gas in this galaxy, in agreement with model predictions. The high [O i]63 luminosity compensates for the pronounced [C ii] deficit ([C ii]/FIR ≃ 4 × 10−4). Using photon-dominated region models, we derive a source-averaged gas density n = 104.0 cm−3, and FUV field strength G = 104
G
0, comparable to the z = 2–4 DSFG population. If G09.83808 represents a typical high-redshift DSFG, the [O i]63 line from z = 6 non-lensed DSFGs should be routinely detectable in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Band 9 observations with ∼15 minutes on-source, opening a new window to study the properties of the earliest DSFGs.
Electrostatic Turbulence and Debye-scale Structures in Collisionless Shocks
Authors: Wang R. , Vasko I. Y. , Mozer F. S. , Bale S. D. , Artemyev A. V. , Bonnell J. W. , Ergun R. , Giles B. , Lindqvist P.-A. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R.
Published: January 2020

We present analysis of more than 100 large-amplitude bipolar electrostatic structures in a quasi-perpendicular supercritical Earth’s bow shock crossing, measured by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. The occurrence of the bipolar structures is shown to be tightly correlated with magnetic field gradients in the shock transition region. The bipolar structures have negative electrostatic potentials and spatial scales of a few Debye lengths. The bipolar structures propagate highly oblique to the shock normal with velocities (in the plasma rest frame) of the order of the ion-acoustic velocity. We argue that the bipolar structures are ion phase space holes produced by the two-stream instability between incoming and reflected ions. This is the first identification of the ion two-stream instability in collisionless shocks.
Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar – an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups
Authors: Salata Sebastian , Fisher Brian L.
Published: January 2020

The present study represents an introduction to the revision of Pheidole Westwood, 1839 from Madagascar. Sixteen species groups are established, of which eleven are revised below, and illustrated identification keys to species groups and species of groups revised in this monograph are presented. Two species are raised to species level: Pheidole petax Forel, 1895 stat. nov., and P. scabrata Forel, 1895 stat. nov. We also redescribe worker castes and designate lectotypes for P. annemariae Forel, 1918, P. nemoralis Forel, 1892, P. petax Forel, 1895, P. ensifera Forel, 1897, P. longispinosa Forel, 1891, and P. scabrata Forel, 1895. The following 46 new species are described: Pheidole aelloeasp. nov., P. alasp. nov., P. andapasp. nov., P. ankeranasp. nov., P. avaratrasp. nov., P. bemarahaensissp. nov., P. bemarivoensissp. nov., P. binarasp. nov., P. boriborasp. nov., P. brevipilosasp. nov., P. curvistriatasp. nov., P. diakritossp. nov., P. ehazoarasp. nov., P. ferrugineasp. nov., P. fisakasp. nov., P. fitaratasp. nov., P. glabrasp. nov., P. goavanasp. nov., P. lamperossp. nov., P. longipilosasp. nov., P. luteasp. nov., P. madinikasp. nov., P. mahaboensissp. nov., P. maizinasp. nov., P. makaensissp. nov., P. makirovanasp. nov., P. manantenensissp. nov., P. mantadiasp. nov., P. marieannaesp. nov., P. masoalasp. nov., P. mavesatrasp. nov., P. miramilasp. nov., P. moramanaensissp. nov., P. navoatrensissp. nov., P. ocypodeasp. nov., P. parvioculasp. nov., P. podargeasp. nov., P. praegrandissp. nov., P. ranohirensissp. nov., P. rugocephalasp. nov., P. rugofitaratasp. nov., P. typhlossp. nov., P. vatovavensissp. nov., P. voasarasp. nov., P. vohemarensissp. nov., and P. zavamanirasp. nov. At present, there are 69 valid species and subspecies of Pheidole known from Madagascar, but this number is expected to increase significantly with upcoming taxonomic revisions of the species groups not revised in this study.
Gender equality and ICT in the context of formal education: A systematic review
Authors: Prendes-Espinosa María-Paz , García-Tudela Pedro-Antonio , Solano-Fernández Isabel-María
Published: January 2020

This article focuses on gender equality as one of the most relevant objectives of the educational system to alleviate gender violence and combat stereotypes. At the same time, ICTs have become a very important educational tool in a digital society like the one where we live. Around these two topics we conducted this research whose purpose is, from the scientific production of the last six years, to analyze the educational practices in formal contexts that deal with gender equality and ICTs (infant, primary, secondary and higher education). The research design is a systematic review, based on the PRISMA statement and the PICoS strategy, using the 2013-2019 search period. After a screening process of a total of 90 documents, 18 papers were found that cover both study topics (gender and ICTs). A content analysis supported by semantic networks was performed, using Atlas.ti v.8. Among the main results, we highlight that most of the good practices in the different educational levels are related to the use of web 2.0. and STEM competences. Finally, we recommend the design of proposals that work on gender through ICTs, with the “smart classroom" as an interesting suggestion that is part of the emerging pedagogies.

Este artículo centra su interés en la igualdad de género, como uno de los objetivos más relevantes del sistema educativo para paliar la violencia de género y combatir los estereotipos. Paralelamente, las TIC se han convertido en una herramienta educativa muy importante en una sociedad digital como la que vivimos. En torno a estos dos tópicos llevamos a cabo esta investigación cuyo propósito es, a partir de la producción científica de los últimos seis años, analizar las prácticas educativas en contextos formales que trabajen la igualdad de género y las TIC (educación infantil, primaria, secundaria y superior). El diseño de investigación es una revisión sistemática, sustentada en la declaración PRISMA y la estrategia PICoS y usando el periodo de búsqueda 2013-2019. Tras el proceso de filtrado de un total de 90 documentos, se han encontrado 18 trabajos que contemplan ambos tópicos de estudio (género y TIC). Se ha realizado un análisis de contenidos apoyado en redes semánticas, usando para ello Atlas.ti v.8. Entre los principales resultados, destacamos que la mayoría de buenas prácticas en los diferentes niveles educativos se relacionan con la utilización de la web 2.0. y con las competencias STEM. Por último, se recomienda el diseño de propuestas que trabajen el género a través de las TIC, siendo la «smart classroom» una sugerencia de interés que forma parte de las pedagogías emergentes.
Towards a New Scalable Big Data System Semantic Web Applied on Mobile Learning
Authors: Banane Mouad , Belangour Abdessamad
Published: January 2020

In Web 3.0, semantic data gives machines the ability to understand and process data. Resource Description Framework (RDF) is the liagna franca of Semantic Web. While Big Data handles the problematic of storing and processing massive data, it still does not provide a support for RDF data. In this paper, we present a new Big Data semantic web comprised of a classical Big Data system with a semantic layer. As a proof of concept of our approach, we use Mobile-learning as a case study. The architecture we propose is composed of two main parts: a knowledge server and an adaptation model. The knowledge server allows trainers and business experts to represent their expertise using business rules and ontology to ensure heterogeneous knowledge. Then, in a mobility environment, the knowledge server makes it possible to take into account the constraints of the environment and the user constraints thanks to the RDF exchange format. The adaptation model based on RDF graphs corresponds to combinatorial optimization algorithms, whose objective is to propose to the learner a relevant combination of Learning Object based on its contextual constraints. Our solution guarantees scalability, and high data availability through the use of the principle of replication. The results obtained in the system evaluation experiments, on a large number of servers show the efficiency, scalability, and robustness of our system if the amount of data processed is very large.
Conditional Currency Convertibility Based on Primary Commodities
Authors: Ahmed Jameel , Collins Patrick , Meera Ahamed Kameel Mydin
Published: January 2020

Practical policies are urgently needed to enable countries to reduce their vulnerability to the damaging influence of the world-wide, debt-based money system, which is the underlying cause of economic instability and financial crises in the world economy. Due to its flexibility in response to market forces, the Grondona system of conditional currency convertibility based on primary commodities can be safely implemented independently by individual countries in terms of their national currency. This chapter introduces the Grondona system and describes simulations of how it might have operated over recent years in some countries, which show the stabilizing influence that it would have on the economy of implementing countries. It also explains how implementation by each of the D-8 countries would exert a stabilizing influence on their mutual exchange-rates, thereby facilitating their collective evolution into a currency “bloc”, and so strengthening them collectively against destabilization by external shocks.
Integrating Zakat and Microfinance
Authors: Pamuncak Mohammad Bintang , Possumah Bayu Taufiq , Halim Zairihan Abdul
Published: January 2020

This chapter bridges the concepts of microfinance and Zakat, and proposes a conceptual framework as a potential strategy to solve poverty. This study employs qualitative approach. Specifically, it performs content analysis on related manuscripts, and conducts a structured interview with selected stakeholders of Zakat institutions. The study proposes that Zakat institution must have a clear definition about which Zakat fund portion should be used for the program. Authors propose the use of amil for the program and it must be given by amil voluntarily and there must be clear mechanism on which deserving categories (asnaf/mustahik) should be prioritised to be the part of the program. In practice, amil can be considered as investors (where Zakat institution distributes and becomes Islamic microfinance institution) or financial intermediary (where the amil distributes and becomes Islamic microfinance institution appointed by the authority).
The Status of Shari'ah Supervisory Board (SSB) in Shari'ah Governance Structure
Authors: Ahamed Hilmy Hayathu Mohamed , Hassan Rusni , Mohamed Mazahir Seyed Mohamed
Published: January 2020

Shari'ah Supervisory Board (SSB) is the salient feature of Shari'ah governance upon which the entire operation of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) depends for validations. This chapter examines the status of SSB in the context of Shari'ah governance in Sri Lankan IFIs. The position of SSB has been examined in three dimensions, namely appointment, qualifications of SSB members, and the enforcement of their decisions. The qualitative method of research and the gap analysis have been applied to find the gap between the guidelines issued by Accounting and Auditing Organizations (AAOIFI) and Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) and the actual practices of SSB. Some gaps were found in the practice of SSB in the abovementioned three areas though each IFI has setup SSB institutionally at micro level. The recommendations are put forward to enhance the SSB practices in Sri Lankan IFI, which is the significant contribution of this chapter.
Efficient Market Hypothesis for Islamic Capital Markets
Authors: Altin Hakan
Published: January 2020

This study has two important findings firstly, the theoretical results related to the efficient market hypothesis; and secondly, the results of application. The theoretical results show that if the market price of an asset includes all the information that influences its price, then that market is an efficient market. According to the efficient market hypothesis, investors cannot earn gains above the market return. Since stock share prices are unpredictable, it is assumed that when the information that the market had already been expecting is finally announced, the stock share prices will not change. That is because this announcement does not contain any information that can change the prices. The results obtained from the application show that the existence of abnormal return is valid for Islamic Stock Markets. Therefore, the findings mediate against the efficient market hypothesis. However, when the size of abnormal returns is observed, the results are almost equal to market returns. This finding supports the efficient market hypothesis. Islamic stock markets are integrated with the world at least as much as the non-Islamic global markets are. Islamic stock markets act together with the non-Islamic global markets. The risks and returns that the Islamic and non-Islamic stock markets provide to the investors are very close to each other. In conclusion, the efficient market hypothesis maintains its explanatory power for both Islamic stock markets and non-Islamic global stock markets. Islamic markets offer new investment opportunities on a global scale.
Dual Legal Framework in Islamic Capital Markets
Authors: Kazi Rafikoddin Riyajoddin
Published: January 2020

The main feature of traditional financial system is that it considers economic aspects of the transaction only. This system supports the economic development and not the welfare of humankind. However, except for the Islamic financial system, no other financial system stood in front of it as a viable alternative system. Malaysian Islamic financial system has made tremendous progress in creating sound Islamic Financial system. However, the historical aspect of this country which has passed through Islamic and traditional financial system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Despite having mix and heterogeneous culture, it succeeds in creating Islamic Financial System based on dual legal system to satisfy the needs of multi-cultural factors. Due to adoption of dual legal system, several legal issues have arisen. This chapter sheds light on some matters related with the adoption of dual legal system. The chapter is conceptual in nature and the method adopted is the intensive survey of literature, thereby all the information has been gathered from the secondary sources.
Innovation in Takaful
Authors: Rassool Najmul Hussein
Published: January 2020

Takaful, an alternative to conventional insurance, is based on Shari'ah principles. It is founded on the concept of ta'āwun, which means “mutual assistance”. The practice of Takaful is to provide participants financial security based on mutual responsibility and assistance. The primary objective of Takaful is not to maximize profits as in conventional insurance but rather to help participants—in a spirit of solidarity—to face well-defined risks. Despite its steady growth, the Takaful industry faces many challenges. The core issue remains, the structure and application of the Takaful business model. This chapter critically analyzes the main business models and proposes a Takaful business model that matches the expectations of both the shareholders and the participants in line with Shari'ah rules and principles. The model is structured on Musharakah principles at both the shareholder and participant levels and has been termed “The Musharakataan Business Model.”
Sukuk
Authors: Ahmed Essia Ries , Islam Aminul , Hashim Fathyah
Published: January 2020

The chapter reviews and describes the history and development of Sukuk. It starts with the basic concept of Sukuk, its history and the basic foundations of Sukuk in Shari'ah. The chapter also outlines the sources of Shari'ah and the concept of Ijtihad. Basic principles of the Islamic financial system, and the concept of debt and equity in Islam are also discussed. Finally, the chapter continues with an outline of the development of the Sukuk market and the types of Sukuk structures.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Leadership Characteristics and Motivation and Satisfaction in Health Institutions
Authors: Adiguzel Zafer
Published: January 2020

This article describes how due to the globalization activities, where competition is very intense and economic, technological and international environmental elements are also very active and uncertain. In the 21st century, the concept “management” stands out so that all institutions, including health institutions, can see their present and future locations, anticipate opportunities and threats, adapt to all the changes that have taken place, make their services more effective and sustain their success. Organizations need leaders who are open to teamwork, encouraging, creative, sociable, energetic, attaching importance to their subordinates' feelings, thoughts, needs and expectations, taking care to develop high quality relations with their subordinates and respecting their subordinates. Within the scope of the study, the understanding of leadership in health institutions and the importance of leadership are emphasized; the effects of leadership on the motivation, satisfaction and performance of the employees
Health Export and Health Tourism Roles in European Union Countries
Authors: Meral Yurdagül
Published: January 2020

Health exports have increased to 100 billion dollars per year and it has become an important item in service exports all over the world. Demographic structures are changing with the old population in developed countries, and health tourism among countries has increased. This chapter aims to study health tourism in European Union, aiming to create a single market with member countries and with free movement of people among member countries. EU policy permits member countries' citizens to get health service from any other member country. A literature review shows that the differences between member countries' national health systems is one of the main issues to be resolved and that the countries with old populations who need health care affect health tourism from developed countries with old population countries to countries with young population like Spain. Along with the legislation, ethical, social issues, and standard international rules accepted by all countries covering all aspects of health tourism must be set by international organisations like the WHO to avoid potential risks for the patients.
Evaluating the Impact of Strategic Management and Strategic Thinking on Performance in the Public Health Sector
Authors: Adiguzel Zafer
Published: January 2020

In the 2000s, change in the business world and pioneering strategies that shape change are becoming the main conditions for superiority in competition. Until recently the traditional management and organization approaches that are in place are inadequate to meet the new expectations coming from change. The aim of this study is to reveal the extent to which the managers of health institutions have adopted the strategic management approach. In this study, it is explained whether the managers have knowledge about strategic management tools which are the basis of strategic management application methods, what strategic management tools they use, their level of satisfaction with these tools and what tools they intend to use in the future. In addition, the changes in the health management managers in the field of strategic management, the priorities in the selection of strategic management tools, the importance of strategic thinking and the effects of strategic management understanding on performance are examined.
The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Leadership in Pygmalion Perception of the Workers
Authors: Sezgin Eray Ekin , Düşükcan Muhammet
Published: January 2020

The main objective of the chapter was to examine the effect on the motivations of Pygmalion perception of health workers working in public-private hospitals operating in TRB1 region (Elazığ, Malatya, Tunceli, and Bingöl) and to analyze the mediator role of self-efficacy and leadership in this effect. For this purpose, employees of all public and private sector hospitals in the region were accepted as main mass and data was collected. A total of 12,939 health workers are employed in these hospitals. The sample of the study consisted of 414 health workers. In this study, the quantitative research method has been used and data was obtained through a face-to-face survey technique. The main analyses used in this study were descriptive statistics, validity and reliability, regression and mediating role analyzes. Pygmalion perception can be effective at a rate of 11% on motivation (r = 0.329; r2 = 0.108; p<0.001). In addition, it was found that leadership and self-efficacy had a partial mediating role in the effect of Pygmalion perception on motivation.
Supplements to increase trainee-authored publications pertaining to medical education
Authors: Abu-Zaid A
Published: January 2020

Medical trainees (i.e., students and residents) provide relevantly insightful perspectives pertaining to their 'medical education' at both undergraduate (i.e., medical school) and graduate (i.e., residency training) levels. Therefore, promoting related trainee-authored publications about such matters is critically important. However, unfortunately, not many medical trainees are able to voice their important education-related research findings in peer-reviewed journals. 'Journal-level' proposals to increase trainees' scientific scholarship are always warranted. Herein, medical journals are called to play an innovative pivotal role in further promoting the desired trend of trainee-authored publications. To that end, periodically throughout the year, mainstream (general or education-focused) medical journals are encouraged to facilitate supplements entirely dedicated to trainee-authored research contributions in the field of 'medical education'. The grounds, dynamics, challenges and benefits of this supplement-based approach are discussed.
Maternal anthropometric determinants as risk markers of suicidality and severity of illness in women with postnatal depression
Authors: Nayak AS , Nachane HB
Published: January 2020

Context:

Studies have shown nutrition to play a role in etiology of postnatal depression, but few risk markers have been developed for the same. Anthropometric determinants have not been sufficiently researched in relation to suicidality and severity of illness in women with postnatal depression.

Aim:

The present study assesses the efficacy of anthropometric determinants as risk markers of severity of illness and suicidal ideations in postnatal depression.

Methods and Materials:

100 women were screened at 6 weeks postnatal for the presence of postnatal depression and suicidal ideation using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Anthropometric determinants assessed were height, weight, weight gain in pregnancy, weight at first antenatal visit, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done for risk estimation using Spearman's rank correlation and multiple regression analysis, respectively.

Results:

In total, 39% of the women showed the presence of postnatal depression. Out of these 39 women, 31% had suicidal ideations. The waist-to-hip ratio was the most significant factor in all the models, having a negative correlation with suicidality and severity of depression (P < 0.05). The multiple regression model using anthropometric determinants could significantly assess risk of both suicidality (P = 0.03, adjusted R2 = 0.08) and postnatal depression (P = 0.04, adjusted R2 = 0.07).

Conclusions:

The study concludes that anthropometric determinants can be used effectively as risk markers for suicidality and severity of illness in women with postnatal depression. The most significant risk factor was found to be waist-to-hip ratio in both the models.
Inductive limits of projective $C$*-algebras
Authors: Thiel Hannes
Published: January 2020

We show that a separable

C

*-algebra is an inductive limits of projective

C

*-algebras if and only if it has trivial shape, that is, if it is shape equivalent to the zero

C

*-algebra. In particular, every contractible

C

*-algebra is an inductive limit of projectives, and one may assume that the connecting morphisms are surjective. Interestingly, an example of Dadarlat shows that trivial shape does not pass to full hereditary sub-

C

*-algebras. It then follows that the same fails for projectivity.

To obtain these results, we develop criteria for inductive limit decompositions, and we discuss the relation with different concepts of approximation.

As a main application of our findings we show that a

C

-algebra is (weakly) projective if and only if it is (weakly) semiprojective and has trivial shape. It follows that a

C

-algebra is projective if and only if it is contractible and semiprojective. This confirms a conjecture of Loring.
Measures on differentiable stacks
Authors: Crainic Marius , Mestre João Nuno
Published: January 2020

We introduce and study measures and densities (geometric measures) on differentiable stacks, using a rather straightforward generalization of Haefliger’s approach to leaf spaces and to transverse measures for foliations. In general we prove Morita invariance, a Stokes formula which provides reinterpretations in terms of (Ruelle–Sullivan type) algebroid currents, and a Van Est isomorphism. In the proper case we reduce the theory to classical (Radon) measures on the underlying space, we provide explicit (Weyl-type) formulas that shed light on Weinstein’s notion of volumes of differentiable stacks; in particular, in the symplectic case, we prove the conjecture left open in Weinstein’s “The volume of a differentiable stack” [33].We also revisit the notion of Haar systems (and the existence of cut-off functions). Our original motivation comes from the study of Poisson manifolds of compact types [8–10], which provide two important examples of such measures: the affine and the Duistermaat–Heckman measures.
Pointing out some issues related to Surat Algalam)English Abstract(
Authors: Sarah Nijer Alotaibi Sarah Nijer Alotaibi
Published: January 2020

Then, the wording of the Surah was overviewed: starting from the letters, putting all possible examples from it to the words and some of their types. Reasons behind selecting certain words or verbs and excluding others were mentioned. Afterwards, the research was developed to include sentences, their types and the internal relations among them, such as switching, deletion, statements and definition. Sentence structure was surveyed including connection and separation as well as summarization, redundancy and equality. In this research, it was attempted to identify all sides of semantics in the Surah. Only some examples were mentioned, rather than pointing out all rhetoric evidences.
Relações cidade-porto em Paranaguá (PR): uma abordagem exploratória
Authors: Miquilini Lucas Chaves , Lins Hoyêdo Nunes
Published: January 2020

Com alguma presença na literatura sobre a dimensão espacial do desenvolvimento, a problemática das relações cidade-porto ganhou ainda mais interesse no marco da globalização. Esta evoca, entre outros aspectos, pulverização internacional da produção industrial e consequente intensificação dos fluxos comerciais nessa escala, mobilizando e exigindo adaptações nas estruturas portuárias, de uma maneira geral. Como portos não operam em vácuo de interações nos territórios, e frequentemente “dialogam” com tecidos urbanos adjacentes ou aos quais se mostram fortemente ligados, a dinâmica da globalização recoloca com vigor o assunto das relações cidade-porto. O presente estudo se ocupa dessa questão lançando uma olhar exploratório sobre o Município de Paranaguá (PR) e suas instalações portuárias, procurando observar as trajetórias paralelas – a rigor, uma única – da cidade e do porto.
Partitioning of hydrogen peroxide in gas-liquid and gas-aerosol phases
Authors: Xuan Xiaoning , Chen Zhongming , Gong Yiwei , Shen Hengqing , Chen Shiyi
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a vital oxidant in the atmosphere and plays critical roles in the oxidation chemistry of both liquid and aerosol phases. The partitioning of H2O2 between the gas and liquid phase or the aerosol phase could affect its abundance in these condensed phases and eventually the formation of secondary components. However, the partitioning processes of H2O2 in gas-liquid and gas-aerosol phases are still unclear, especially in the ambient atmosphere. In this study, field observations of gas-, liquid-, and aerosol-phase H2O2 were carried out in the urban atmosphere of Beijing during the summer and winter of 2018. The effective field-derived mean value of Henry's law constant (HAm, 2.1 × 105 M atm−1) was 2.5 times that of the theoretical value in pure water (HAt, 8.4 × 104 M atm−1) at 298 ± 2 K. The effective derived gas-aerosol partitioning coefficient (KPm, 3.8 × 10−3 m3 μg−1) was four orders of magnitude higher on average than the theoretical value (KPt, 2.8 × 10−7 M atm−1) at 270 ± 4 K. The partitioning of H2O2 in the gas-liquid and gas-aerosol phases in the ambient atmosphere does not only obey Henry's law or Pankow's absorptive partitioning theory but is also influenced by certain physical and chemical reactions. The average concentration of liquid-phase H2O2 in rainwater during summer was 44.12 ± 26.49 μM. In three-quarters of the collected rain samples, the measured H2O2 was greater than the predicted value in pure water calculated by Henry's law. In these samples, 46 % of the measured H2O2 was from gas-phase partitioning, and most of the rest may have come from residual H2O2 in raindrops. In winter, the level of aerosol-phase H2O2 was 0.093 ± 0.085 ng μg−1, which was much higher than the predicted value based on Pankow's absorptive partitioning theory. Almost all aerosol-phase H2O2 was not from the partitioning of the gas phase. The decomposition/hydrolysis of aerosol-phase organic peroxides could be responsible for 32 % of aerosol-phase H2O2 formation at the maximum rate of 3.65 ng μg−1. Furthermore, the heterogeneous uptake of H2O2 on aerosols contributed to less than 0.5 %.
The polarized Sun and sky radiometer SSARA: design, calibration, and application for ground-based aerosol remote sensing
Authors: Grob Hans , Emde Claudia , Wiegner Matthias , Seefeldner Meinhard , Forster Linda , Mayer Bernhard
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Recently, polarimetry has been used to enhance classical photometry to infer aerosol optical properties,
as polarized radiation contains additional information about the particles.
Therefore, we have equipped the Sun–sky automatic radiometer (SSARA)
with polarizer filters to measure linearly polarized light at 501.5 nm. We describe an improved radiometric and polarimetric calibration method,
which allows us to simultaneously determine the linear polarizers' diattenuation and relative orientation with high accuracy
(0.002 and 0.1∘, respectively).
Furthermore, we employed a new calibration method for the alt-azimuthal mount
capable of correcting the instrument's pointing to within 32 arcmin.
So far, this is limited by the accuracy of the Sun tracker.
Both these methods are applicable to other Sun and sky radiometers, such as the Cimel CE318-DP instruments used in the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET). During the A-LIFE (Absorbing aerosol layers in a changing climate: aging, LIFEtime and dynamics) field campaign in April 2017, SSARA collected 22 d of data.
Here, we present two case studies. The first demonstrates the performance of an aerosol retrieval from SSARA observations under partially cloudy conditions.
In the other case, a high aerosol load due to a Saharan dust layer was present during otherwise clear-sky conditions.