bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
D-Dimer and Thrombosis in COVID-19
Authors: Thachil Jecko
Published: August 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken medical community by surprise, but it also saw significant advances in understanding of infection induced coagulopathy. Pulmonary and macrovascular thrombosis is one of the hallmarks of this pandemic and has intrigued vascular surgeons world over. In this review, the lessons learnt from COVID-19 coagulopathy are summarised with some perspectives on role of newer concepts of immune mediated thrombosis and endothelial inflammation. D-dimers have become one of the most discussed inflammatory marker and also one of the commonest blood tests ordered in the COVID-19 pandemic. Its usefulness in management of COVID induced thrombosis has been a matter of debate and this article looks in to evidence based application of D-dimer in clinical practice. Role of Heparins, Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) and anti-platelets in prophylaxis and management of vascular thrombosis has also been summarised.
Effectiveness of orthopantomograph in vertical mandibular measurements
Authors: Srivastava Anupriya , Raghav Pradeep , Pradhan Sanchit
Published: August 2021

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to review the literature to provide a better understanding of effectiveness of orthopantomogram in determining mandibular vertical measurements.

Materials and Methods:

A systematic review was conducted through the Medline database (Entrez PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus. All the articles in which the primary objective was to investigate the effectiveness of orthopantomograph in diagnosing mandibular asymmetry in the vertical plane were included in the meta-analysis.

Results:

Out of 100 potentially relevant articles, only 18 met all the inclusion criteria. The rest all other articles were excluded that were not filling the initial selection criteria, and which did not actually address the accuracy of panoramic radiograph in assessing asymmetry with reasons.

Conclusion:

Caution is advised when using conventional or digital panoramic images to assess vertical measurements. Vertical measurements are usually more accurate than horizontal measurements and angular measurements, but still they are not the true representation of the real objects. Therefore, understanding the limitations of every form of panoramic imaging is required. Future studies with panoramic images generated from three-dimensional data are required to determine whether they overcome the limitations of conventional and digital panoramic images.
The prevalence and possible causes of enteral tube feeding intolerance in critically ill patients
Authors: Yahyapoor Farveh , Dehnavi Zahra , Askari Gholamreza , Ranjbar Golnaz , Hejri Zarifi Sudiyeh , Bagherniya Mohammad , Rezaian Majid Khadem , Moghadaam Ahmad Bagheri , Fazeli Farzane , Sedaghat Alireza
Published: August 2021

Background:

Enteral tube feeding intolerance (ETFI) is one of the most common complications of enteral nutrition (EN), which may lead to increased mortality and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ETFI and effects on feeding intolerance on nutrition and clinical outcomes in Iran.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 at the three general ICUs of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, during 7 days on 245 patients. The collected data included demographic characteristics, primary diagnosis, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE ІІ) score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay. Feeding intolerance was assessed using daily questionnaires for 7 days. ETFI was determined as the interruption of EN based on gastrointestinal causes, including large gastric residuals, abdominal distension, vomiting, diarrhea, and subjective discomfort.

Results:

Overall, 245 critically ill patients (122 males and 123 females) were included in this study, with a mean age of 58.43 ± 19.2 years in three general ICUs. The highest prevalence rate of ETFI was 91.8%, which occurred on the 2nd day although the rate decreased in the following days. The minimum ETFI was observed on the last day (38.8%). Feeding intolerance was associated with the increased APACHE II scores (P = 0.04), SOFA scores (P < 0.001), and duration of mechanical ventilation (P < 0.001) compared with the tolerant patients. The most common causes of ETFI in the patients admitted to the ICU were gastric residual volume (GRV), large GRV, vomiting, and distension.

Conclusion:

ETFI was prevalent in almost two-third (66%) of the critically ill patients receiving EN based on the GRV. ETFI was associated with deteriorated nutritional status and clinical outcomes.
Changes in the diversity of local cervical bacteria in women with cervical cancer receiving antineoplastic treatment
Authors: Manzanares-Leal Gauddy Lizeth , Coronel-Martínez Jaime , Rodríguez-Morales Miguel , Bustamante-Montes Lilia Patricia , Sandoval-Trujillo Horacio , Ramírez-Durán Ninfa
Published: August 2021

Background:

Some studies show changes in the microbiota in people undergoing antineoplastic treatment. Currently, there is not enough evidence of this effect in the treatment of cervical cancer (CC). The objective was to determine changes in the diversity of local cervical bacteria in women with CC receiving chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and brachytherapy.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study was conducted in 68 women with locally advanced CC with a treatment plan based on the administration of chemotherapy, external beam radiotherapy, and brachytherapy. Cervical-vaginal fluid samples were taken during antineoplastic treatment. The samples were used to isolate bacterial strains. The bacteria were identified at the molecular level by comparing sequences of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene.

Results:

The bacteria identified belonged to three phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Nine genera and 25 species of bacteria were identified. The most frequent species were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium amycolatum, and Enterococcus faecalis. There were statistically significant differences when comparing bacterial diversity found in the different stages of treatment (≤0.05). Bacterial diversity decreased as antineoplastic treatment progressed and increased at the end of therapy.

Conclusion:

Antineoplastic treatments generate changes in the diversity of local cervical bacterial communities of women with CC.
Tubular Carcinoma of Male Breast
Authors: Kamble N. G. , Swami Sunil Yogiraj
Published: August 2021

Tubular carcinoma [TC] is a special type of breast carcinoma with favorable prognosis, composed of distinct, well differentiated angular tubular structures (90% or more according to WHO) with open lumina, lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. This pattern is better described as a necklace formed by a string of beads. 2 - 6% of all malignant breast tumors. TC is often multifocal or multicentric [20 - 55%]. Here we present a case report of TC of breast in a 76 years old male.
Host Fecal mRNAs Predicted Environmental Enteric Dysfunction among Children with Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Sierra Leone
Authors: Singh Akriti , Potani Isabel , Griswold Stacy P. , Suri Devika , Langlois Breanne , Shen Ye , Walton Shelley M. , Kwan Ho Chui Kenneth , Manary Mark J. , Webb Patrick , Rogers Beatrice L. , Rosenberg Irwin H.
Published: August 2021

Examining the role of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in child growth requires noninvasive, field-appropriate biomarkers. Alternatives to the traditionally used lactulose:mannitol (L:M) test have been explored, but few studies have compared the L:M test to host fecal mRNA transcripts. The objectives of this study were to examine whether 1) host fecal mRNA transcripts could predict presence and severity of EED, measured using the L:M test, and 2) EED modifies the effect of specialized nutritious foods (SNFs) on recovery from moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). This substudy was nested within a cluster randomized trial comparing four SNFs in the treatment of MAM among children 6 to 59 months in Sierra Leone. EED was assessed at enrollment using the L:M test and 15 host fecal mRNA transcripts on 522 children. Recovery from MAM was defined as achieving mid-upper arm circumference ≥ 12.5 cm within 12 weeks of supplementation. Random forest classification models were used to examine prediction of presence and severity of EED by host fecal mRNA transcripts. Logistic regression was used to test for effect modification by L:M test variables including % lactulose excreted (%L). Eight host fecal mRNA transcripts (AQP9, REG3A, IFI30, DECR1, BIRC3, SELL, PIK3AP1, DEFA6) identified EED (%L ≥ 0.2) and severe EED (%L ≥ 0.45) with high sensitivity and specificity. The L:M test variables did not modify the effect of SNFs on recovery from MAM. In this study, we found host fecal mRNA transcripts that could be biomarkers of EED but did not find EED to modify the effect of SNFs on MAM treatment.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depressive Symptoms among Pakistani Population during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Regression Analysis
Authors: Yasmin Farah , Dapke Kartik , Khalid Muhammad Rahman , Naz Hina , Naz Farah , Admani Bushra , Asghar Muhammad Sohaib , Awan Sana , Phadke Rachana , Saleem Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Over a span of 1 year, with millions infected, COVID-19 has spread to every part of the world and now poses a health threat to each and every one of us. The outbreak has consequently resulted in multiple health problems such as stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, panic, and denial globally. Several factors have contributed to this rising number of psychiatric consults all over the world. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Pakistani population during the second wave of the pandemic in this region. We conducted an online web-based cross-sectional survey comprising 500 participants. The questionnaire assessed the demographic information, attitude, and knowledge concerning COVID-19 outbreak in addition to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) utilizing the GAD-7 scale and depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D) scale. The response rate of the study was 90.9%. The results of the survey indicated a prevalence of 25.4% of GAD, and 18.8% of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, nearly 34.8% of participants feared contracting COVID-19, 62.8% obtained constant critical updates regarding COVID-19, while 17.6% did not understand the knowledge regarding COVID-19. In the multivariate regression models, GAD was significantly associated with gender, age, and checking constantly of critical updates regarding COVID-19. Similarly, participants under 30 years had a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms than those above (> 30 years). Lastly, participants with no formal education were also found to be more prone to developing depression. We identified a potential threat to mental health during the pandemic.
Kumbh Mela Religious Gathering as a Massive Superspreading Event: Potential Culprit for the Exponential Surge of COVID-19 Cases in India
Authors: Rocha Ian Christopher N. , Pelayo Mary Grace A. , Rackimuthu Sudhan
Published: August 2021

The Kumbh Mela is a significant religious gathering of millions of Hindu devotees in India. It is celebrated on certain auspicious days in the Hindu calendar and attracts millions of pilgrims across the country. Despite the religious intention of millions of Hindu devotees, it raised public health concerns as it became a massive superspreading event for COVID-19. Being the second most populous country, India became the second most affected country during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the arrival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and the presence of the double mutated variant, which was first identified in India, the Kumbh Mela probably aggravated the country’s COVID-19 situation which resulted in an uncontrollable second wave. Several cases of COVID-19 across India had been contact-traced to returnees from the event who acted as a nidus to help spread the infection. As a consequence, India’s healthcare system was severely challenged as a result of the overwhelming hospitalizations and increasing fatalities resulting in an acute manpower shortage in healthcare along with the depletion of drugs and medical supplies despite being one of the largest pharmaceutical hubs globally. Leaders and governments around the world should learn from India’s experience and thereby take preventive measures to manage potential superspreading events to curb the spike of COVID-19 cases.
Rampant Increase in Cases of Mucormycosis in India and Pakistan: A Serious Cause for Concern during the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ghazi Behram Khan , Rackimuthu Sudhan , Wara Um Ul , Mohan Anmol , Khawaja Uzzam Ahmed , Ahmad Shkaib , Ahmad Shahzaib , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , dos Santos Costa Ana Carla , Ahmad Shoaib , Essar Mohammad Yasir
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 is a global health crisis that continues to pose new challenges all around the world. Amidst the growing pandemic, a spike in the number of mucormycosis cases in India and Pakistan has been reported in COVID-19 patients and in those who have recovered from COVID-19. This increase in cases may be related to the overuse of steroids and zinc, the use of industrial oxygen, unsterilized medical equipment, frequent intubation, a weakened immune system, and pre-existing comorbidities such as diabetes. As a result, it is critical to take steps to handle the current increase in mucormycosis cases. Therefore, this article aims to highlight the existence of mucormycosis amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in India and Pakistan, focusing on possible causes and implications, and suggests important plans of action to be taken during this pandemic.
Prevalence and Antibiograms of Salmonella in Commercially Produced Crocodile meat in Zimbabwe
Authors: Nhidza A.Z. , Gufe C. , Marumure J. , Makuvara Z. , Chisango T. , Hanyire G.T. , Jongi G. , Makaya P.V. , Marambe T.S.
Published: August 2021

The presence of Salmonella in food products and emergence of antibiotic resistance are the major challenges facing public health policies. A total of 2749 crocodile meat samples obtained from the Central Veterinary Laboratories in Zimbabwe were screened for Salmonella specieswere collected from three Zimbabwean commercial farms between the year 2012 and 2019 for a retrospective observational study to determine the prevalence and magnitude of antibiotics resistant Salmonella species in crocodile meat. The isolation of Salmonella was in accordance with the ISO 6579:2002 and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out based on Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute’s recommendations by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. SILAB Database was used to determine the prevalence of Salmonella species. Prevalence was stratified by year and farms. Twenty Salmonella isolates were identified using biochemical tests, and 15 were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the confirmed Salmonella isolates were examined using 14 antibiotics. The overall prevalence of Salmonella species in crocodile meat samples was 0.5%. The prevalence of Salmonella species ranged from 0.04% to 0.44% in the crocodile meat samples and annual prevalence ranged from 0.01% to 1%. The highest prevalence of Salmonella (4.4%) was recorded in the year 2012. Salmonella isolates from one of the three tested farms were resistant to Erythromycin (73.33%), Ampicillin (80%), and Penicillin G (100%). Generally, Salmonella isolates displayed lower resistance to Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Amikacin, Tetracycline, Ertapenem, Florfenicol, and Erythromycin (0-53.33%) whereas all Salmonella isolates showed susceptibility to Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Ertapenem, and Florfenicol. Although the study indicates low prevalence of Salmonella species in crocodile meat, there is a need for strict implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) to reduce contamination rates in meat and its products
Kelayakan Ekonomi Alat Tangkap Ikan Bandrong Cakalang di Perairan Dangkal
Authors: Malik Andi Adam , Sitti Halimah Andi
Published: August 2021

Perairan Kabupaten Barru Sulawesi Selatan memiliki potensi kelautan dan perikanan yang sangat besar dengan beragam alat tangkap yang digunakan. Salah satunya adalah bandrong Cakalang (Skipjack Tuna Blanket Net) yang merupakan alat tangkap hasil modifikasi masyarakat setempat dengan menggabungkan kemampuan melihat tanda-tanda alam dan kemampuan merancang alat yang dapat menangkap ikan pelagis besar di air dangkal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan aspek ekonomi bandrong Cakalang yang digunakan nelayan di di Perairan dangkal Kabupaten Barru. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan pemilik bandrong dan nelayan, sedangkan observasi dilakukan terhadap 3-unit alat dan metode penangkapan bandrong Cakalang. Hasil penelitian memperoleh nilai NPV dan B/C ratio >1, IRR > 12% suku bunga berlaku, dengan masa pengembalian modal kurang dari 2 tahun, sehingga usaha penangkapan ikan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap bandrong Cakalang dianggap menguntungkan dan layak untuk dikembangkan.
Challenges facing physiotherapy education in Africa
Authors: Frantz Jose
Published: August 2021

Health care is changing and the demands put on health professionals are increasing. Physiotherapy education should reflect the health and social priorities of the nation. The World Confederation of Physical Therapy (WCPT) is committed to assisting physiotherapy associations in developing educational standards. Physiotherapy education in Africa however, seems to have a real need for assistance from the WCPT. The aim of this paper is to highlight the challenges facing physiotherapy education in Africa. The Delphi methodology was used to obtain information from key informants involved in the area of physiotherapy education from a variety of African countries. The majority of the participants were people who have experienced physiotherapy education in Africa either as graduates or current teachers. Data were analyzed into themes and sent back to respondents for confirmation. The most important challenges highlighted were: lack of undergraduate training opportunities, limited number of therapists, upgrading of physiotherapy educators, research as a major component of physiotherapy education, and recognition of physiotherapy as an essential service. It is concluded that assistance is needed for physiotherapists from Africa to take their rightful place in the health team and higher education institutions should look at improving diploma qualifications of physiotherapists in African countries.
Job Satisfaction among Practicing Pharmacists: A Rasch Analysis
Authors: Hardigan Patrick , Carvajal Manuel
Published: August 2021

Purpose: through the application of a Rasch rating scale model, the researchers investigated the effect of gender, ethnicity, practice site, income, and age on levels of job satisfaction among practicing pharmacists. Method: The data consist of responses to a survey questionnaire mailed to a random sample of 5,000 registered pharmacists throughout the United States. A total of 820 individuals mailed back their completed form for a response rate of 16.4 percent. Results: Older, higher-wage earning pharmacists working at independent practice sites experience the greatest amount of job satisfaction.Conclusion: The most significant finding from this study is that age, income, and practice site can predict job satisfaction among practicing pharmacists. Additionally, the results provide empirical evidence for the variables inclusion in future models and they demonstrate the usefulness of Rasch techniques.
Trigger Finger
Authors: Raja Dewan
Published: August 2021

The patient is a 46-year-old male who developed resistance to flexion One morning at 4am the patient woke with severe pain and a locked finger in flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint. There was pain in the ball of the finger as well as in the dorsal aspect of the distal interphalangeal joint. The patient rushed to the bathroom and placed his finger in hot water. He tried to manipulate the finger to straighten it. The hot water therapy and manipulation worked well and the patient was successful in unlocking his finger. Another episode occurred again within one month leading the patient to visit a local hand surgeon. After examination and x-rays of the hand, the surgeon assured the patient that it was a case of trigger finger. The case was in the early stages and could be managed without surgery. The surgeon made a metallic splint for the ring finger and advised the patient to wear it as much as possible during the day and always during sleep for at least six months. The patient complied with the instructions and within a few weeks the pain subsided. No pain medication was prescribed. Six months later the patient continues to wear the metallic splinter every night at bed time. The pain is almost absent and movement of the finger is more comfortable. movement of the right ring finger for two months. Day by day the movement became more difficult.
The Reliability and Validity of the Elderly Mobility Scale in the Acute Hospital Setting
Authors: Nolan Joanne , Remilton Lucinda , Green Margaret
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) in an acute hospital setting. Intra-rater (n=15) and inter-rater (n=18) reliability were investigated using physiotherapists who viewed and scored video-recorded mobility assessments using the EMS on two occasions, one week apart. Latent class analysis of EMS scores showed that neither the occasion of testing (intra-rater reliability) (R2=0.0035, p=0.72), therapist (inter-rater reliability (R2=0.0051, p=1.00), years of experience (R2=0.0058, p=1.00) nor number of EMS assessments previously completed (R2=0.0048, p=1.00) had any impact on the EMS scores. The only factor which impacted on clustering was the EMS score (R2=0.8263, p=0.000). Concurrent validity was assessed by comparison with the Modified Rivermead Mobility Index (MRMI) in patients aged ≥ 55 years (n = 32) and demonstrated that EMS scores were highly correlated with the MRMI (Spearman’s ρ=0.887). Therefore intra-rater reliability of the EMS has been reported for the first time, and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the EMS have been further supported and extended into a younger patient group for mobility assessment in acute hospital patients.
Methadone for Treatment of Pregnant Opiate Addicted Women: Is There a Safer Alternative? A Review of Literature
Authors: Tichelkamp Holly , Parish Thomas
Published: August 2021

Methadone is commonly used for the treatment of pregnant opiate-addicts. But, it can have severe effects on the neonate including Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, increased length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, and intrauterine growth retardation. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome includes neurological excitability, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and autonomic signs. Because of these adverse effects, studies have been conducted to determine what can help reduce the severe complications caused by methadone. Varied dosages of methadone and alternative medications, such as buprenorphine, slow-release morphine, and others have been studied. Most of the alternative medications, especially buprenorphine, are gaining popularity in Europe where there is a growing problem of opiate use during pregnancy. In the studies comparing methadone and buprenorphine, a slight decline in symptoms of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome as well as shorter hospital stays for the neonates exposed to buprenorphine was noted. Studies of different dosages of methadone were conducted to determine the lowest methadone dose that is both effective for the mother and safe for the neonate. All of the studies have provided information that is helping in the search for the safest and most effective treatment for opiate addiction. What is known is that helping the mother overcome the addiction is very important. So far, the data collected are not strong enough to make a conclusion on the best choice for treatment. Further research is indicated for methadone itself and also for all its possible alternatives.
Future Implementation of Adult Stem Cell Therapy in the Current Standards of Care for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bates Paul
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Adult stem cells are among the new methods of approaching the treatment of myocardial tissue damage. The purpose of this review is to clarify misconceptions about stem cell therapy efficacy in clinical trials and provide a thorough understanding of adult stem cells as a future treatment for patients with myocardial infarction. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature was performed analyzing and comparing 12 clinical trials involving the treatment of patients with acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Results: Stem cell treatments carry an excellent safety profile with the ease of one-time dosing, and have shown dramatic functional improvements while reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and enhancing quality of life. Important changes with adult stem cell treatments include 1) formation of new cardiomyocytes, 2) sufficient and sustained improvements in cardiac output, 3) increased myocardial contractility, 4) decreased infarct zone diameter, 5) increased left ventricular function, 6) increased exercise ability, and 7) increased coronary perfusion secondary to neovascularization. Conclusion: At this time, based on the current clinical evidence, adult stem cell therapy is in a position to be considered as an optional treatment for patients with acute or chronic myocardial infarction. Adult stem cell therapy is still in experimental stages of development and the continued clinical involvement will provide more evidence to the therapeutic effects of the treatment.
A Health Care Education and Promotion Challenge: HPV Vaccination
Authors: Davis-Wolfe Mattie , Garbani Nathalie , Hay-Thompson Sylvia , Mayer Susan , Roane Carol
Published: August 2021

In 2008, approximately 11,000 women in the United States will be diagnosed with cervical cancer and more than 3,800 American women will die of this disease. The recent approval by the Food and Drug Administration of a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine that is over 90% effective in preventing new infections and precancerous cervical lesions caused by the HPV types that cause cervical cancer may possibly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. However, a number of unresolved issues exist regarding this vaccine. This paper will explore considerations and challenges facing healthcare educators regarding the HPV vaccine in the following areas: (a) demographic, (b) social, (c) economic, (d) ethical, and (e) political.
Using Transformative Learning Theory to Enhance Professional Development
Authors: Cahill Susan , Bulanda Michelle
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Pediatric occupational therapy and physical therapy interventions for children with disabilities are designed to increase function and often focus on developmental skills instead of on the environmental context and promoting self-determination skills. A professional development course was developed to help therapists develop intervention strategies to meet developmental outcomes, while also promoting children's self-determination and creating opportunities for children to authentically participating in daily routines, including leisure and community play. Transformative learning theory was used as a basis to develop this course. The purpose of this article is to report on course activities and the assessment of participants' "transformation" at the completion of the course. Method: A pre-test/post-test design was used to determine whether participants in this course (n=3) had made transformations in their habits of mind when designing client goals, intervention plans and recommendations for a fictional case study of a child with a disability. Results: Participants wrote pre-test goals that focused on building skill in typical developmental sequences; whereas post-test goals focused on using strengths the child had and changing the environment to encourage authentic participation of the child. In addition post-test goals and interventions focused on determining the child's preference and choice about activities to participate in. Pre-test referrals were for equipment and other programs to address skill development; while post-test referrals focused on play and recreation opportunities. Conclusion: Following completion of a course using transformative learning strategies, participants demonstrated changes in habits of mind upon completion of a post-test case study in which goals, interventions, and referrals were more consistent with themes of the course including self-determination and authentic participation.
Communication Management in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist during Disease Progression
Authors: Robarge Kathryn
Published: August 2021

During the progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices will eventually become necessary to preserve communication between the affected individual with ALS and his or her family members and loved ones. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in communication management and family education regarding communicative strengths and weaknesses and in determining the need for an alternative mode of communication during the later stages of disease progression. The aim of this paper is to explore the speech-language pathologist’s changing role throughout ALS progression in relationship to the impact that the disease has on speech production and overall communication functioning.
Provision of Health Promotion Information by Physiotherapists to In-Patients in a Tertiary Hospital: A Pilot Study
Authors: MacFarlane Chris , Stiller Kathy
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The provision of health promotion information is an important part of the management of hospitalised patients. Allied health practitioners are often involved in the provision of this information. No studies appear to have documented the rate of provision of health promotion material by physiotherapists to hospitalised patients. The aim of this pilot study was to measure the frequency with which health promotion information was provided to in-patients by physiotherapists and to evaluate patients’ perception of the effectiveness of this information. Method: Retrospective medical record audits and follow-up telephone interviews were undertaken over an 18 month period for patients who fell into one of the following four diagnostic groups: total hip arthroplasty (THA), after upper limb lymph node biopsy/removal and therefore at risk of upper limb lymphoedema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or accidental fall requiring admission to hospital. Results: 63 patients participated in the medical record audits and 50 participated in the telephone interviews. The medical record audits revealed that 64% of patients were provided with some health promotion information during their hospitalisation. From the telephone interviews, 88% of patients indicated that they were happy with the information they had received. However, the rate of provision of health promotion material was significantly lower for patients with COPD or those admitted after a fall. Conclusions: While the overall level of provision of health promotion material by physiotherapists was satisfactory, provision of this material to COPD patients and those admitted after a fall needs to become part of physiotherapists’ standard clinical practice.
Translation and Alternate Forms Reliability of the Visual Analogue Scale in the Three Major Nigerian Languages
Authors: Odole Adesola , Akinpelu Aderonke
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Our aims were to translate the anchors on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) into the three major Nigerian Languages and determine the adequacy of the alternate forms reliability of the VAS in these translations. Methods: The anchors on the VAS were translated into Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa languages by linguistic experts and taken through back translation, clinical committee review, and pre–testing. Sixty–seven Hausa, 54 Igbo, and 165 Yoruba Knee/Hip OA patients were assessed on the original and translated versions of VAS. Scores on each translated anchor of the VAS were correlated with scores on the original VAS (anchors in English language) to assess the alternate forms reliability of the VAS in these translations. Results: The subjects 31 males, 134 females [Yoruba]; 17 males, 50 females [Hausa]; and 20 males, 34 females [Igbo] were aged 56.1 + 10.1, 54.3 + 6.4 and 52.8 + 13.9 years respectively. Significant positive correlations existed between each of the translated anchors and the original English Version [r = 0.63; P< 0.05 [Yoruba]; r = 0.98, P < 0.05 [Hausa]; r = 0.93; P< 0.05 [Igbo]. Conclusion: The VAS, when its anchors are translated into Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo languages, is reliable and therefore recommended for use in the Nigerian clinical settings.
A Review of Sports Injury Data Collection Literature and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Bailey Stephen , Scase Ebonie , Heynen Michael , Magarey Mary
Published: August 2021

Purpose: There is significant cost associated with sports injury. Establishing injury profiles in contact sports like Australian Rules Football (ARF) will facilitate implementation of injury prevention strategies. The purpose of this literature review was to investigate sports injury data collection methodology, assess the strengths and limitations of previous research and identify gaps in the relevant literature. Recommendations for methodology of future sports injury data collection studies are made, particularly with reference to junior ARF. Method: A non-systematic literature search was undertaken in a narrative fashion to determine past and current injury surveillance in Australian Rules Football (ARF), Soccer, Rugby league and Union. The comprehensive search was performed using databases Cinahl, Sport Discus, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Informit Health Database: Ausport. For inclusion in this review, studies had to include the collection of baseline data, be peer-reviewed and have full text versions available in English. The effect of the methodology on research outcomes was evaluated, including: epidemiology, aetiology, common mechanisms and risk factors for injury are evaluated, as are the incidence, prevalence, severity and pathologies of injury in relevant sports. Results: While other alternatives are presented and evaluated, the following criteria appear the most reliable for use in future studies. A narrow games/time lost injury definition; a similar narrow injury severity definition; and a prospective model for sports injury data collection, making use of a standardised Player Movement Record (PMR). The AFL is the only major sport in which an injury surveillance system has been created that is robust, reliable and has captured all data from all clubs over a 12 year period. This system uses all criteria outlined. Conclusions/Recommendations: A significant knowledge gap remains with respect to the analytical epidemiology of injuries at the non-elite level of participation and a very small evidence base exists for injury prevention in Australian football, especially at non-elite and junior levels. By using critically developed methodology in the form of a prospective cohort study, an updated sports injury data collection model, adequate sample size and consistent injury definition, future research will guide future injury prevention interventions in junior ARF.
The Effect of Coaching on Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis: A Quality Improvement Pilot Study
Authors: Swisher Anne , Moffett Kathryn
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Physical activity is well known to improve or maintain exercise capacity and overall health in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, many patients do not meet recommended guidelines for physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if individualized, targeted coaching could improve the levels of physical activity and quality of life in children and adolescents with CF. Subjects: Twelve children with CF, ages 7 to 17, participated in this study.Method: Each participant completed a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) and a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire (CFQ) at baseline and three months later. The participants were given pedometers and a 10,000 step per day target. Participants also participated in discussions regarding ways to increase physical activity appropriate for their interest, abilities and age. Weekly follow-up phone calls were made to obtain pedometer counts and discuss physical activities performed. Results: Physical activity scores (PAQ) improved in 6 of 12 participants. Quality of life improved in many dimensions of the CFQ, particularly in vitality (3 of 5 improved); emotional (8 of 12 improved) and respiratory (7 of 12 improved). Conclusions: The results of this small pilot study suggest that an individualized coaching approach to physical activity in children and adolescents with CF may improve physical activity levels and improve important aspects of quality of life in some children with CF.
The Effect of Quality of Movement on the Single Hop Test in Soccer Players Aged 15-16 Years
Authors: Roush James , DoVico Katherine , Fairchild Sheryl , McGriff Kimberly , Bay R.
Published: August 2021

Sports injuries are one of the most common injuries in modern society. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is commonly injured in sports. Soccer is one of many sports where an ACL injury is likely to occur, due to inherent jumping and pivoting during participation. Abnormal movement patterns have been suggested as a risk factor for knee injuries, which lead to the development of the step-down test. The Single Leg Hop for Distance test is used to assess functional performance in individuals with an ACL injury or reconstruction. The purpose of the current study was to determine if there are differences in hop test distances according to scores on the step-down test. A second purpose is to determine the relationship between hop test distances and height. Sixty-one males and sixty-one females between 15 and 16 years who participated in a club soccer program participated in the study. The Hop test and the step-down test were administered to the subjects. Mean hop distance for males was 172.89 cm (SD = 18.27) and the mean hop distance for females was 146.88 cm (SD = 14.63). For both males and females, there were no differences in hop distances between the left and right lower extremity (LE). There were no differences in hop distances according to classification of the step-down test for males. Females classified as good by the step-down test hopped farther than females classified as poor. There were no relationships between distances in the hop test and height in females (r = .23 for the left LE; .21 for the right LE). There was a low relationship between distances in the hop test and height in males (r = .46 for the left LE; .39 for the right LE). Clinicians may utilize this information for goal setting and objective testing during rehabilitation.
Obesity and Shift Work in the General Population
Authors: Eberly Robin , Feldman Harvey
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This narrative review examines the hypothesis that shift work contributes to the major public health problem of obesity and suggests ways in which weight gain might be prevented in those who must work at times outside of the conventional 8-hour daytime work period. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed using several relevant electronic databases and print journals. Results: Those who do shift work are at a greater risk for weight gain than those who work daytime hours. The exact mechanism by which this occurs is unknown, although eating and exercise habits as well as the disruption in circadian rhythm appear to contribute. Conclusions: It is imperative that clinicians be aware of the relationship of shift work to obesity and of interventions that can help prevent obesity in those who must work during unconventional hours.
Del sentido histórico a la agenda ampliada: la experiencia de la Mesa de Trabajo por los Derechos Humanos de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Solis Ana Carol
Published: August 2021

El artículo analiza la experiencia de la Mesa de Trabajo por los Derechos Humanos de Córdoba como referente paradigmático de articulación entre viejos y nuevos modos del compromiso político en el momento de su conformación y consolidación. En particular, reflexiona sobre las complejidades de la acción política y la cuestión de los derechos humanos en un régimen de historicidad diferente al relacionarlas con las derivas del tratamiento político e institucional de las demandas que la Mesa expresaba.
SUICÍDIO NAS FORÇAS ARMADAS
Authors: FURTADO Henrique Halfeld , ORLANDINI Fernanda Vieira Costa
Published: August 2021

De acordo com a World Health Organization (WHO), em 2015, cerca de 800.000 suicídios foram documentados em todo o mundo. Em jovens até 25 anos esses números podem até triplicar em relação a outras causas demorte. Estatísticas americanas mostram que as mulheres apresentam taxa de tentativa de suicídio três vezes maior que os homens, mas os homens possuem quatro vezes mais probabilidade de ter sucesso em consumar o óbito.As Forças Armadas são instituições que empregam um grande contingente de jovens homens que possuem acesso a armas letais e dessa maneira possuem um número expressivo de morte por suicídio. Além disso, o envolvimento em conflitos armados pode influenciar no aumento desses índices, apesar da literatura ser divergente.Dessa forma, este trabalho possui como objetivo ainvestigação das mortes por suicídioem militares para que tenhamos dados para sua correta prevenção e consequente redução nos índices.Foi realizada uma revisão de artigos na literatura sobre o assunto utilizando sites de busca de trabalhos científicos que abordassem o tema sobre suicídio nas Forças Armadas. Foram pesquisadas as seguintes bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, SciELO e Biblioteca Virtualem Violência e Saúde da BIREME,referentes ao período de 2005 a 2018.Este trabalho concluiu que a literatura é divergente ao relacionar a profissão militar com o suicídio. O que se nota é uma tendência em se provar que o índice de suicídios entre militares é expressivo, porém é parecido na população civil. Projetos realizados pelo governo e pelas próprias Forças Armadas focando em medidas de prevenção obtiveram resultados satisfatórios e servem comomodelo para aquelas instituições que ainda não se mobilizaram para essa problemática.O estudo genético está cada vez mais importante para se prever transtornos mentais bem como direcionar o tratamento.
Trastorno psicótico delirante, consumo de tóxicos y asesinato con alevosía y ensañamiento
Authors: Nonis Bernat-Noël Tiffon
Published: August 2021

Se ilustra un caso de asesinato perpetrado por un sujeto afecto de esquizofrenia paranoide y, por cuyo momento de perpetrarse los hechos, presentaba una crisis psicótica aguda en ausencia de medicación antipsicótico por abandono del tratamiento. Se describe la fenomenología clínico-sintomatológica del perpetrador y del tipo de contenido de pensamiento psicótico-paranoide que mostraba al momento de celebrarse las entrevistas psicológicos-forenses.

 

A case of murder perpetrated by a subject affected by paranoid schizophrenia and, at the time of the perpetration, presenting an acute psychotic crisis in the absence of antipsychotic medication due to treatment abandonment, is illustrated. The clinical-symptomatological phenomenology of the perpetrator and the type of psychotic-paranoid thought content he showed at the time of the psychological-forensic interviews are described.
Personalidad criminal en un militar de elite entrenado y asesinato.
Authors: Nonis Bernat-Noël Tiffon
Published: August 2021

El artículo tiene como objetivo explicar los rasgos de personalidad de base en un caso de asesinato perpetrado por un sujeto que desarrolló actividades profesionales en el campo militar de élite (era un francotirador especializado en misiones especiales en el extranjero), y qué repercusiones o consecuencias jurídico-legales tuvo por un delito de homicidio (de un civil) que perpetró, y la sentencia dictada al efecto.

 

The article aims to explain the basic personality traits in a case of murder perpetrated by a subject who developed professional activities in the elite military field (he was a sniper specialized in special missions abroad), and what repercussions or legal-legal consequences he had for a crime of homicide (of a civilian) that he perpetrated, and the sentence handed down to that effect.
Internet Access as an Independent Human Right: a Palpable Consequence of the Covid-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Bilaney Kunal , Thampi Gauri
Published: August 2021

The onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic has established a new world order which is heavily reliant upon the internet for public access to health, education, employment, and recreation among other services. Furthermore, the growing dependence on technology has also been crucial in the battle against the pandemic. However, despite the irreplaceable utility of the technology, state practices have remained divergent in this field. While a multitude of nations have recognized internet access as a fundamental right, many nations imposed unjustified restrictions on their citizens during the pandemic and some even failed to provide affordable access to internet facilities, which has proven to be detrimental to the realisation of basic individual rights. As the world makes a transition from a pandemic, the intensifying reliance upon the internet has given rise to a need to recognise access to the internet as an independent human right. In light of the above, the present paper seeks to elucidate how access to the internet has emerged as a necessity in the backdrop of a pandemic and examine how the differing state responses in this context have been violating individual rights. The paper also delves into how internet access is being dealt with under the existing international and domestic regime. Further, the authors attempt to philosophically justify a human right to internet access and politically conceptualise the same, and argue in favour of recognition of internet access as an independent human right under international law.
Çevrenin Yaşlı Bireylerde Fiziksel Aktivite Davranışı Üzerindeki Rolü
Authors: ŞAHİN Gülşah
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 salgını, fiziksel hareketsizliğin artmasına neden olmuştur. Kapalı ortamlara olan güven azalmış, ev-içi, yakın çevredeki parklara olan ilgi artmıştır. Destekleyici bir çevrenin yaşlı bireylerde hem fiziksel işlevi geliştirmesi hem de yaşam kalitesini arttırması mümkündür. Çevre, yaşlı yetişkinlerde fiziksel aktiviteye katılımı hem kolaylaştırıcı hem de kısıtlayıcı etkilere sahiptir. Fiziksel aktiviteyi teşvik edecek fiziksel çevre özelliklerini belirlemek, yaşlıların daha bağımsız olmalarına katkı sağlayabilecektir. Fakat tesislerin ya da parkların yaşlı bireylere uygun tasarımlarda olup olmadığı ile ilgili araştırmalar çok kısıtlıdır. Yaşlı bireylerin dikkate aldığı, güvenlik, tasarım, estetik, yakınlık, işlevsellik gibi özelliklerin özendirici ve teşvik edici etkileri vardır. Bu derlemenin amacı yaşlı bireylere özgü fiziksel aktivite ve gezinme alanlarının özelliklerine odaklanmaktır.