bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osmoregulatory Plasticity in Oreochromis niloticus-Nile Tilapia, and it’s Possible Estuary Use for Rivers Dispersion
Authors: Machado Ceron Fátima Juliane
Published: October 2024

Nile tilapia is a widely farmed species globally, due to its resistance to environmental challenges. Additionally, it is a generalist consumer and a prolific breeder. In Brazil, this fish is recognized as an invasive species because of its high dispersion and establishment rates, which compromise native biota. Estuarine waters (0.06 - 32‰) are being used in tilapia aquaculture, which is a promisor fish farming for euryahalinity species. The tilapia’s euryhalinity is well-know, but most protocols are based on gradual exposure. This research showed the tolerance of Nile tilapia on abrupt exposure to 0‰ (FW), and 10, 20, 30, 35 or 40‰, over in 6, 12 and 24 hours. An abrupt exposure resistance demonstrate that this fish can use estuaries to disperse for other watersheds. After experimental design the blood sample was taken after anesthesia was administered. Subsequently, fish was euthanized by spinal section, for muscle and gills samples collections. All samples were keep freezing until ionic, dehydration and enzyme measurement. Nile tilapia survived 24h until 30‰, 12h at 35‰ and 9h at 40‰. Osmolality increase and muscle dehydration decrease both above 20‰. While sodium levels keep regulated in all salinities, chloride, potassium and magnesium levels also increased above 20‰. These results prove that tilapia can easily tolerate abrupt exposure until 20‰ without an osmotic stressor. Gill carbonic anhydrase (C.A.) activity decreased at 30‰, and NKA did not change along salinities and times. These results complements plasma and dehydration averages, showing the large tolerance of this specie to salinity challenges, even in abrupt exposure. Then, these results can be used for discuss about the estuary fish farming system for tilapia, as this species may use estuarine waters to nearby rivers and also can harm the native ecosystem.
35-year Follow-Up Case Report of a Rheumatic Heart Disease Patient with all Valve Replacement
Authors: Cherian Kotturathu Mammen , SM Cherian , U Kabilan , J Rathinasamy
Published: October 2024

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a preventable cardiovascular disease highly prevalent in developing and underdeveloped countries, especially among women and children. According to the World Heart Federation (WHF), RHD claims 2% of cardiovascular deaths globally. It is caused by rheumatic fever, an inflammation caused by group A streptococcus bacteria leading to valvular dysfunctions eventually leading to death or life-long disability. Surgical valve replacements are being administered to treat valvular disorders in RHD patients. A 22-year-old South Asian female was presented with dyspnoea on exertion. Echocardiography confirms severe rheumatic heart disease with Aortic stenosis (AS), Mitral stenosis (MS), and Tricuspid stenosis (TS). Due to the recurrence of this problem along with other associated complications, the patient had triple valve replacement surgeries at different time points since 1988. These surgeries were uneventful and many secondary complications were regressed post-procedure. This article documents a cardiac auto transplant performed for a triple valve replacement with a 35-year follow-up suggesting that auto transplantation with triple valve replacement improved the condition of the patient.
A Prospective Study of Total Extra Peritoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair Fixation versus no Fixation of Mesh
Authors: Aslam Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Background: The necessity of mesh fixation in laparoscopic totally extra peritoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair remains controversial. We performed a single-center prospective study to compare the effectiveness of mesh fixation versus nonfixation in laparoscopic TEP repair. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, from August 2021 to July 2023. All patients admitted to the General surgical unit with uncomplicated inguinal hernias were included. A total of 96 patients were included in the study, of which 44 patients underwent TEP repair with fixation of mesh using tacks (GROUP A) and the remaining 52 patients whose mesh was not fixed (GROUP B). Results: Ninety-six patients were randomized to fixation or non-fixation group in TEP. The pain scores at 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months were comparable, but not statistically significant (Day 1 Fixation, 2.7 ± 0.79; Non-fixation 2.48 ± 0.78, P = 0.104, 1 week (Fixation, 0.02 ± 0.15; Non-fixation, 0.08 ± 0.27, P = 0.236). The length of hospital stay (Fixation, 2.07 ± 0.59 days; Non-fixation, 2.1 ± 0.41 days, P = 0.785) and days taken to resume normal activities (Fixation, 3.7 ± 1.02 days; Non-fixation, 3.54 ± 0.94 days, P = 0.41) were also similar for both groups. There was no recurrence in either group at a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The cost of surgery was significantly different between the fixation group and the nonfixation group with a p-value <0.0001. Conclusion: There was no statistical significance between the fixation and non-fixation groups in terms of postoperative pain, requirement and dosage of analgesics, duration of in-hospital stay, time to return to normal activity, complications, recurrence of hernia, except the cost of surgery which was higher in the fixation group.
Diagnostic and Surgical Challenges of a Lumbar Extradural Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report and Review of Literatures
Authors: Faraji-Rad Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Spinal hydatid cysts, though uncommon, are a serious condition. An 14-year-old boy experienced back pain, increasing weakness, and numbness in his legs. Lumbar region MRI revealed a cystic lesion with a regular outline in the extradural space, exhibiting T1-weighted images showed a lesion that was hypointense, while T2-weighting images displayed hyperintense. The lesion severely compressed the dural sac and caudal roots, extending into the L3 and L4 neural foramina. The condition was addressed through an L3 laminectomy and completely removing the hydatid cyst. This report discusses the clinical symptoms, diagnostic process, and surgical treatment of this rare spinal hydatid disease case, along with a review of all documented primary extradural hydatid cyst cases in the literature.
Outcomes of Surgical Revascularization in Trans-Atlantic Society Consensus (TASC II) Type C & D Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease
Authors: Arya Harendra
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Aortoiliac occlusive disease is a disabling illness. This study was conducted on the patients of Trans-Atlantic Society Consensus (TASC II) type C & D aortoiliac occlusive disease. Open surgical revascularization in the form of aortofemoral and aorto-bifemoral bypass grafting was done and the demography of patients of AIOD, the efficacy and outcomes of open surgical bypass in the patients of TASC II, type C & D aortoiliac occlusive disease was studied. Methods: in this study, total of 52 patients were revascularized and were observed for various parameters thoroughly throughout the course of diagnosis, preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative phase and until 6 months of follow-up. The demographics, clinical characteristics of the patients, co-morbid conditions, type of aorto-iliac occlusive disease (AIOD), the surgical procedure conducted and the outcomes of surgery in terms of limb salvageability, healing of ulcer, relief of claudication and graft patency were observed. Results: 50 (96.16%) out of 52 patients were males, with a mean age of presentation 55.01 + 8.58 years. 47 (90.38%) were smokers, 43 (82.69%) had hypertension, 17 (32.69%) had diabetes, 11 (21.15%) had CAD, 12 (23.07%) had COPD, 22 (42.30%) had type C and 30 (57.69%) patients had type D disease. Aorto-bifemoral bypass grafting was done in 42 (80.76%) . Mean duration of ICU stay was 1.9 days, 6 (11.53%) patients expired postoperatively. The graft patency and limb salvageability were 100% and 96.15% respectively during 1st, 3rd and 6th months of follow-up with complete healing of ulcers in 21 (91.30%) patients by the end of 6 months. Conclusion: Surgical revascularization is an important, high yielding, life changing intervention which serves as a boon for the patients with extensive or advanced aortoiliac disease. The surgery has excellent outcomes in terms of graft patency as well as limb salvageability.
New Locality Record of Cuban Kite-Swallowtail, Neographium celadon (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) en Ciego de Avila, Cuba
Authors: Caballero Daylon Fundora , S López Pérez
Published: October 2024

In Cuba occurs some 200 species of butterflies, of which 42 are endemic [1]. Cuban Kite-Swallowtail (Neographium celadon Lucas 1852) it is a day butterfly, endemic of Cuba and belonging to the Papilionidae family that presents a span between 60 and 90 mm.
Updated Checklist of Butterfly Diversity (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Qatar
Authors: Alkhayat Fatima Abdulla
Published: October 2024

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) with their vibrant colours and ecological significance serve as crucial environmental indicators. This study documents the butterfly species inhabiting the challenging hot and arid climate of Qatar. Over a threeyear period from 2019 to 2022, a total of 96 specimens representing 15 species from four families were collected using standard entomological methods, including net sweeping and baiting across eight different locales. These families include Nymphalidae (3 species), Lycaenidae (4 species), Pieridae (6 species), and Papilionoidea (2 species). Notably, four species - Papilio demodocus, Belenois aurota, Colotis phisadia, and Colotis amata - are reported from Qatar for the first time, expanding the known butterfly fauna of the country. By amalgamating these novel findings with previously published results, this study presents an updated checklist of Qatar’s butterfly fauna, totalling 24 species spanning five families. This inventory sheds light on the diversity and distribution of butterflies in Qatar, emphasizing their resilience to extreme environmental conditions and underscoring the importance of conservation efforts amidst ongoing urbanization and agricultural expansion.
The Bees of Costa Rica and its Representation in two National Collections
Authors: Ocampo Marcela Sánchez , R Gomez-Moreno
Published: October 2024

For decades, scientific studies related to wildlife have been little reviewed for national inventories, with birds and mammals being the only faunal groups that have official lists and specific numbers. Although it is true that species of insects and other invertebrates appear constantly, this is not an excuse for not having official lists of species reported for science. In this review, a total of 507 were found for Costa Rica, 7 of Andrenidae, 299 of Apidae, 30 of Colletidae, 106 of Halictidae and 65 of Megachilidae. Any other species outside of this list that has been found, collected in Costa Rican territory and is not on this list is a new report.
What is Biological Synthesis in Short?
Authors: Peiró Ignacio García
Published: October 2024

Biological synthesis is simply natural selection reduced to the level of genes. It is as if we were to reduce all of Darwin's works to a grain of rice called a gene. The basic insight is reproduce or die.
Advancements in Diagnosing and Treatments Plasmodium knowlesi: Challenges and Innovations
Authors: Moumaris Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Diagnosing malaria, especially Plasmodium knowlesi, is challenging due to its similarity to other species, which often results in misdiagnoses.
Microgravity Osteoporosis
Authors: TN Santhosh Kumar
Published: October 2024

International Space Station (ISS) is a multinational collaboration of countries for the study of space science and exploration of outer space, weather forecasting satellite management growing of plants, and conduction of research
Study the Structure of Phase Space in the Frame Work of Planar Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem
Authors: Kumar Prashant , C Susmitha
Published: October 2024

The numerical technique of Poincare surface of sections is used to create the surface of sections and to investigate the stability of the phase plane in various systems. This includes investigating the dependence of mass ratio and amplitude of stability areas in the Sun-Jupiter, Sun-Mercury, Sun-Io, and Sun-Uranus systems on the Jacobi constant. The amplitude of the stability areas diminishes with decreasing mass ratio. The phase plane structure differs for smaller mass ratios than it does for larger mass ratios.
Immutable Universe in which the Big Bang Occurred Resolution of the Singularity and of the Origins of Gravity, of Dark Energy and of Dark Matter
Authors: Sakho Ibrahima
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we presented a new cosmologycal model referred as Immutable Universe U0 in which the Big Bang probably occured. The singularity is well resolved and the origins of time, of dark energy and of dark matter and the cause of the expansion of the Univers are enlightened. In addition, the origin of gravity is pointed out. The possible existence of "nonluminous" black photons moving in U0 at the speed cd>c (speed of the light) that may explain possible conversion of dark energy to dark matter and vice versa is also discussed. The content of this work may be of great interest to comologists who focus their research on the origins of dark energy and dark matter along with their relationship to the expansion of our Universe and on the multivers theory. Note that none of our current laws can explain the properties of dark matter in the U0 Universe. The reason is that our laws only govern the behavior of ordinary matter in the Universe born after the Big Bang. We therefore need to invent new laws of physics that will incorporate the existence of dark photons propagating at the speed of cd>c.
Will AI Machines take the Position of Astronomers
Authors: Qiu Bo
Published: October 2024

AlphaFold2, a famous AI tool, has been reported with its remarkable ability in forecasting/calculating the threedimensional structures of proteins. Some news said that this ability almost brings the whole structural biology to an end. True or false, it is obvious that AI has resulted in a big strike to many fields, including astronomy.
Integrated Management Program against Cattle Ticks: Current Status in Mexico
Authors: R Lagunes-Quintanilla , N Mendoza-Martínez , DM Galván-Arellano
Published: October 2024

Ticks and mosquitoes, as vectors of diseases, pose a significant threat to global animal and human health. The primary control method for ticks has been the use of chemical products. However, this approach has led to severe issues such as acaricideresistant ticks and environmental pollution. Given these challenges, the potential of immunological control using tick proteins emerges as a promising alternative to manage tick populations, offering hope in the battle against these parasites. Other alternatives, such as pasture management, biological control, and the use of resistant livestock, are also helpful for implementing integrated control programs. Applying strategic treatment schedules with synthetic chemical acaricides to control the parasitism of R. microplus in Mexico can contribute to obtaining better live weight gains in growing cattle by preventing high infestation levels with this tick. This review briefly summarizes the current situation regarding the alternatives to control R. microplus ticks in Mexico that can be implemented to design an integrated management program.
Effect of Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and Economics Attributes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) the Semi–Arid Condition of Kandahar Afghanistan
Authors: Ebrahimi Najibullah , MM Modasir , NM Kakar
Published: October 2024

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm, Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, during the period from 2 March to 12 June 2020 to find the optimum level of phosphorus application for chickpea and study the effect of phosphorus on the growth, yield attributes and economics attributes of chickpea. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot design having four replications with pour levels of P (0, 30, 45 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1).with three replications. All the nutrients were applied as basal on land preparation operation. Seeds were sown manually @ 30 kg ha-1 for flatbed as well as @ 45cm x 10 cm spacing for raised bed. Observations were recorded for various growth parameters and yield attributes at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest. Statistical analysis of data was done online through OPSTAT software. 60 kg phosphorus significantly enhanced growth parameters of chickpea viz., plant height (5.03cm, 8.96 cm and 26.03 cm at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest), dry matter plant-1 (4.25 g, 6.38 g and 16.15 g at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest. Yield attributes viz., number of pod plant-1 (21.21), number of grain pod-1 (1.66), and 1,000 grain weight (208.03 g) .Yield of chickpea viz., grain yield (1.48 t ha1 ), Stover yield (1.63 t ha-1) biological yield (4.03 t ha-1) and harvest index (28.03 t ha-1) were recorded significantly higher with 60 kg phosphorus. Similarly, significantly higher economics attributes viz., Cost of cultivation (29081 AFN ha-1), gross returns (123798AFN ha-1), net returns (94716 AFN ha-1), and benefit cost ratio (3.26) recorded with 60 kg P2 O5 .
Eastern Region Holds the Key to Future Increase in Rice Production in India
Authors: Samal Parshuram
Published: October 2024

Rice is the main staple food of India and supply of adequate amounts of rice to the consumers is essential to ensure food security. However, rice production in recent years has been threatened by unsustainable use of groundwater and yield plateauing in irrigated areas. The objective of this paper is to find out the regions that face such problems and recommend strategies to overcome them. Data for this study was gathered from various ministries of the Government of India. Analyses of data reveal that the eastern region accounts for 50% of India’s rice production, and holds 56% of the total rice area. The region receives more rainfall than the northern, southern, and western regions states. The groundwater exploitation is below 50% in the region. The demonstrations carried out by two mega schemes of the government of India show potential for increasing rice productivity in the eastern region. It was observed that the groundwater has been overexploited in northern and southern region states viz. Punjab, Haryana, and Tamil Nadu. Yield plateauing was also observed in five irrigated states in recent years. Various strategies are discussed to overcome the problems, adoption of yield-enhancing and water-saving technologies, and the promotion of rice cultivation in eastern states.
Could there be a Relationship between early Specialization and Load Management Practices in Professional Athletes
Authors: HHP Carlos Daniel , EG Post
Published: October 2024

This article explores the relationship between early sports specialization and load management, with a focus on youth sports. Emphasizing recommendations for diversified early sports engagement, the authors address challenges in implementing load management practices, potentially impacting the well-being of young athletes. The historical evolution of load management and its myths are discussed, extending the analysis to early sports specialization, outlining its risks, and debunking myths and common misconceptions. The connection between early specialization and load management is discussed, highlighting the need for tailored strategies for young athletes undergoing intense, year-round training. The authors propose solutions, advocating for education, collaboration, and data-driven decision-making at both youth and professional levels. In conclusion, the article urges health professionals to play a pivotal role in fostering healthier, sustainable athletic environments for athletes of all ages and performance levels.
Echocardiographic Insights into Left Ventricular Functional Adaptation in Track and Field Athletes: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Kishore
Published: October 2024

Scientific sports training is perquisite for excel in track and field athletes, which effects the changes of functional capacity of heart as well as circulatory system. The study investigates the intricate process of functional adaptation of the left ventricle in track and field athletes. Echocardiography is a vital tool for a non-invasive assessment of cardiac anatomy and function that can differentiate between normal and abnormal cardiac changes. In general, the athletes who participates in endurance events have bigger hearts, which aids in the assessment of left ventricular functional adaptation. Heart rate adaptation in athletes is influenced by age, gender, ethnicity, and level of sport. Exercise that is high in intensity alters the heart's structure, electrical activity, and overall functionality. The volume and intensity of endurance exercise influences the functional adaptations of the left ventricle. The present study systematically discussed the effects of different track and field events (isometric or isotonic training) on cardiac left ventricle of athletes and it focus the necessity of customized training and coordinated healthcare for the best possible cardiovascular health.
Tuber magnatum Picco: a new record for the Turkish mycobiota
Authors: Doğan Hasan Hüseyin , Şen İsmail , Allı Hakan
Published: October 2024

Tuber magnatum Picco, the Italian white truffle mushroom recorded for the first time in Türkiye, is a rare and economically valuable mushroom. Samples were collected from Sakarya province during field studies in 2024. The samples were identified as T. magnatum according to their macro- and microscopic features. To make molecular confirmation of the species, the samples' ITS1 and ITS4 gene regions were analysed and registered in Genbank with the number PP239641. The sample showed 100% compatibility with other T. magnatum accessions in Genbank. The distributions of Tuber species in Türkiye were given, and their taxonomic features were compared.
Co-expression of P53 and P60-katanin shapes transcriptome dynamics
Authors: Korulu Şirin
Published: October 2024

Microtubules (MT), essential elements of the cytoskeleton have important roles in the cell such as intracellular cargo transport, cell motility and cell division. They provide support, growth and maintenance of the axonal and dendritic processes in neurons. Microtubule severing proteins such as katanin and spastin have roles in microtubule reconfiguration. Katanin is one of the best characterized severing proteins and is composed of catalytic subunit p60-katanin and regulatory subunit p80-katanin. The microtubule severing mechanism of p60-katanin has been depicted in detail, but how p60-katanin itself is regulated is still little-known. p53 is an important protein between proliferation and differentiation. It regulates different cellular mechanisms such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, differentiation, and apoptosis. p53 controls proliferation in dividing cells and is related to differentiation by means of affecting neuronal process length in non-dividing neurons. Both p53 and p60-katanin have critical roles in proliferation and differentiation separately. Moreover, these proteins were shown to physically interact, but their combined effect remains unclear. To this aim, the current study reveals the effects of p53 – p60-katanin co-expression on transcriptome of the fibroblast cells. Data indicated that the transcriptome of many different pathways such as actin regulation, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and serotonergic synapses pathways were altered under p53 – p60-katanin co-expression conditions. Exploring combined effect of p53 and p60-katanin will help in design of new studies to better understand not only microtubule regulation but also neurodegenerative diseases that are linked to the reactivation of cell cycle and neuronal damage where two of these players take place.
Mapeamento de dissertações e teses do Programa De Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Matemática (PEMAT) da Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro (UFRJ) no período de 2008 a 2021
Authors: Souza Rodrigo , Esquincalha Agnaldo
Published: October 2024

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo a criação de um panorama das dissertações e teses defendidas no PEMAT no período de 2008 a 2021. Para tanto, considerando os campos de resumos e palavras-chave das produções acadêmicas selecionadas, foram realizadas análise de coocorrência de palavras-chave com o software VOSviewer; e análises textuais dos resumos com o auxílio do software IRaMuTeQ. Os resultados indicaram interesse dos alunos às temáticas Educação Inclusiva, em especial no que tange ao campo da deficiência visual, e ao Ensino de Física com a criação do Doutorado em Ensino e História da Matemática e da Física do PEMAT. Houve também uma predominância de metodologias qualitativas e métodos aplicados ao estudo de campo. Esperamos com a pesquisa uma aproximação do PEMAT com seu público interno, comunidade externa e a própria comunidade acadêmica.
construction grammar approach to the innovative use of [unless x]
Authors: Mendes Junior Wellington , Mattos Elisa
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the construction [unless X] as based on the Construction Grammar framework (cf. Fillmore et al., 1988; Goldberg, 1995, 2006; Bybee, 2010), in association with the Corpus Linguistics (McEnery; Hardie, 2013; Sinclair, 2005) methodology. The construction [unless X] characterizes as an innovative use of the word “unless”, in which the conjunction isn’t followed by a subordinate clause, as it can be seen in “don’t add Coca Cola unless diet” or “he was so calm unless tried” or “I can never tell the season unless winter”. Motivated by the findings of Mendes Junior and Mattos (2021), who reported high rates of productivity in the construction [because X] (e.g. “I’m excited for my holidays because tired”), we propose a model that accounts for the new constructional properties of “unless”.  Data were collected through the iWeb Corpus (Davies, 2018), which contains 14 billion words extracted from about 22 million web pages. Preliminary analysis shows that the construction [unless X] heavily favors verbs in the past participle, adjectives, adverbs and nouns in the [X] slot. Moreover, the [X] slot cannot be filled by interjections, pronouns, conjunctions and prepositions, as opposed to [because X]. Following Fillmore et al. (1988), [unless X] can be understood as codable, formal, extra-grammatical construction. We suggest that [unless X] often behaves similarly to the traditional use of ‘unless’, though it tends to favor reduced clauses and is mainly used in more informal contexts.
Genre dynamics in teletandem chats
Authors: Ferro Priscilla
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the use of chat in Teletandem (TTD) activities (Telles; Vassallo, 2006) on the UNESP-SJRP campus from 2006 to 2020, focusing on possible genres materialized in chats, in English <> Portuguese partnerships. Two main questions guided the study: firstly, to identify the genres materialized in chats; and secondly, to examine how the use of chat has evolved along with synchronous communication tools. The research adopted a qualitative and longitudinal approach (Wagner et. al, 2018; Dörnyei, 2007) and investigated whether textual genres (Bazerman, 1994, 2006; Miller 2012a, 2012b, 2016, 2017; Miller; Shepherd, 2009) emerged in chat interactions. Through this analysis, the use of chats over the period was verified. The data was collected from publications related to TTD, including master's dissertations and doctoral theses, and from MulTeC (Lopes, 2019; Aranha; Lopes, 2019). Once collected, the data was integrated into the technical, ontological and epistemological dimensions (Ferro, 2021). The analysis was conducted based on predefined thematic axes, considering the particularities of the textual genres identified and based on the quantitative results obtained by analyzing the data in the Voyant Tools® tool. The final analysis revealed evidence of the materialization of the Initial Teletandem Oral Session (iSOT) genre (Rampazzo, 2017) in the initial period, which did not carry over into the second period due to advances in synchronous communication tools. However, this possible genre persisted in another form within the tool, indicating potential survival in the new environment. In addition, there was a change in the use of chat from being the main locus of interaction to a supporting role for oral interaction, in line with the evolution of synchronous communication tools over time. Despite these findings, limitations were found, including insufficient data from the initial period. Future avenues of research could explore additional genres within the TTD genre system, investigate the possible migration of genres and analyze the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic consequences of the materialization of genres in chat and vice versa. These new investigations may offer valuable insights for further research into TTD and related linguistic issues.
Epidemiology of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: A Mini Review
Authors: Mohammed Lalan Rebaz , Luo Zuliang , Hama Soor Taib Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Diarrheal diseases are a significant public health challenge, leading to high numbers of morbidity and mortality globally. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains exhibit a complex spectrum, ranging from benign gut inhabitants to severe pathogens causing intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. This review focuses on elucidating DEC epidemiology, emphasizing research conducted worldwide. A comprehensive review searched for relevant studies on DEC's impact, using keywords like "diarrheagenic Escherichia coli," "DEC pathotypes," and "epidemiology" in databases like PubMed. Inclusion criteria covered 67 studies on virulence, pathogenesis, detection, and geographic diversity. Studies globally indicate variable prevalence rates for DEC. Enteropathogenic E. coli is prominent in Bangladesh (17.2% prevalence), relying on intimin, Bundle-forming pilus, and the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, prevalent in the US and Europe (up to 1.5% outbreak rates in the US), utilizes Shiga toxin and the LEE pathogenicity island. Enteroaggregative E. coli, notably in Africa (Kenya, 13.5% prevalence), employs multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis, Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST-1), adherence mechanisms, and biofilm formation. Enterotoxigenic E. coli is highly prevalent in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (Bangladesh, 6% prevalence), producing colonization factors and enterotoxins. Enteroinvasive E. coli is common in Asian developing countries like Bangladesh, relying on invasion genes and a large plasmid. Conversely, Europe exhibits notably low prevalence rates, with Enterohemorrhagic E. coli prevalence falling below 1%, especially in the UK. This review underscores the global prevalence of DEC, emphasizing the need for a global approach to disease management. Understanding the distinct virulence factors and pathogenesis of various DEC pathotypes is crucial for developing targeted interventions
Analyzing the Impact of Verb Extensions on Semantic Role Variability in Kiha
Authors: Makulilo Prisca Boniphace
Published: October 2024

The research analyzes the impact of verb extensions on semantic role variability in Kiha. In doing so, the study explores how verb extensions affect the semantic roles of arguments in a sentence, spotting trends and patterns in the usage of verb extensions, and the differences in their corresponding semantic roles. Verb extensions on semantic role variability are linguistic aspects that scholars did not find particularly fascinating to research. This study is interested in examining how verb extensions affect semantic role variability. Due to their proficiency in both writing and speaking Kiha, two informants who are native speakers, aged 83 and 73, were selected for the data collection process using the qualitative approach and elicitation technique. Data is presented using the fragmentation method, and coding is applied to ensure that the study is consistent with other studies that were cited in the literature. Lexical Mapping Theory is the framework for examining the data. The study concludes that the applicative verb extension has four semantic roles: beneficiary, recipient, reason/cause, and locative. Likewise, causative verb extension has two semantic roles: causee and instrument. Reciprocal and passive verb extensions have shared participant semantic roles.
A Literary Crossroads: Colonial Anxiety and Ecological Imperialism in The Tale of Saidjah and Adinda
Authors: Teggin Edward Owen , Indriyanto Kristiawan
Published: October 2024

This article examines the concepts of ecological anxiety and imperialism through the prism of colonial literature, with the aim of contextualising them alongside the broader theory of colonial anxiety. The study examines The Tale of Saidjah and Adinda, contained in Max Havelaar, as a case study. The text was investigated in order to identify key signifiers of anxiety, with the buffalo being the strongest signifier identified for discussion. The premise is that colonial and ecological signifiers can be seen in the narrative containing the buffalo due to the exploitative imperial process at work and the anxiety experienced by characters such as Saidjah and Adinda when buffalo were stolen. This approach is well suited to the current study due to the way in which Multatuli has used the buffalo, both symbolically and as a major part of the narrative, to demonstrate the damage done to the Javanese people and the environment by the colonial-imperial process. This study demonstrates that colonial and ecological anxiety are closely allied fields that can be used to expand on literary works and analyses dealing with the colonial-imperial era. So too, it is argued, that Indonesia has a key role to play in future debates of both colonial and ecological anxiety.
Geographic Inequalities in the Distribution of Dentists: A scoping review
Authors: Zare Zahra , Kharazmi Erfan , Khosravi Mohsen , Kalavani Khalil
Published: October 2024

Background: Equity in health refers to ensuring that individuals have timely and sufficient access to healthcare services when needed. Human resources are a vital component of healthcare organizations, and they play a crucial role in improving people's access to services. Dentists, in particular, are essential healthcare professionals as oral and dental health significantly impacts overall societal health. This study aims to investigate the key factors contributing to the inequality in the distribution of dentists.
Methods: A scoping review was conducted, systematically searching three databases—Scopus, PubMed, and WOS—using relevant keywords until January, 2023. A total of 565 preliminary results were screened, and 447 titles and abstracts were reviewed. Ultimately, 23 full-text articles were included in the analysis. Qualitative content analysis and thematic network were used to synthesize the extracted data.
Results: Thematic analysis of the evidence yielded four main themes that contribute to inequality in the distribution of dentists: the development of the inequality situation, methods for analyzing inequality, causes of inequality, and potential solutions to address inequality.
Conclusion: Policymakers should gain an understanding of the determinants that contribute to inequality and how these factors manifest in their respective countries. Policymakers can work towards achieving a more equitable distribution of dentists by directing resources towards policies and measures that improve access to oral and dental services. This will ultimately enhance overall societal access to oral healthcare services.
Determinants of crimes committed by members of criminal organizations in the sphere of circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors
Authors: Budik I.M.
Published: October 2024

The article, based on the study of judicial practice and scientific literature, examines the determinants of crimes committed by members of criminal organizations in the sphere of circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors.
According to the results of the study, it was established that the actions of members of criminal organizations in the sphere of circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors are determined by a complex of numerous factors, in particular: socio-economic (low level of socio-economic security of part of the population), moral and psychological (moral degradation of a certain part of society, its positive attitude to the use of prohibited substances, to the possibility of quick enrichment through violation of moral and legal norms), medical (drug addiction), socio-political (corruption, lack of a State strategy for drug policy in Ukraine), organizational and managerial (lack of forces, means and tools for combating these crimes, ineffectiveness of pre­trial investigation and trial in relevant criminal proceedings, low level of professionalism of some of the specified employees, difficulties of proving organized drug business operating on the Internet, problems of bringing these subjects to criminal responsibility), legal (imperfect grounds for criminal liability of members of organized criminal associations; shortcomings of the criminal procedural legislation, which determines the procedure for detection, pre-trial investigation and trial of criminal offenses, which allow the prosecution to complicate these processes; the system of punishments for committing them, as well as the system of execution and serving of such punishments, is ineffective).
Obstruction the legal activities of security personnel: features of normative regulation
Authors: Likhovitskyi J.O.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the specifics of obstruction of security personnel legal activities. The fact of insufficiency of scientific investigations regarding the legal nature of obstruction of security personnel legal activities has been established. The aim of investigation is to analyze the content of obstruction of security personnel legal activities and to determine the relevant types of criminal offenses against security activities. To achieve the aim of the article, a complex of scientific methods was used there, such as: the formal-dogmatic (legal-technical) was used when defining the terms «obstacle», «intervention» and «influence»; comparative legal was used within the limits of comparing the norms of the Criminal Code (CC) of Ukraine and the CCU draft. The application of the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction made it possible to build a logical structure of the scientific article and draw reasonable conclusions about the content of obstructing the legal activities of security personnel and determining the types of criminal offenses against security activities.
The investigation analyzed the concepts of «obstruction», «interference» and «influence». It is expressed and substantiated the hypothesis that the terms «obstruction», «influence» and «interference» are used as signs of the objective side of a criminal offense should be considered identical. The concept of «obstructing the legal activity of security personnel» is defined as the creation of any obstacles or the establishment of restrictions in professional activity, with the aim of preventing the performance of official duties at the proper level or achieving its non-performance. It is substantiated that the following signs of obstruction of security personnel legal activity are: 1) action or inaction, which consists in preventing or complicating the performance of professional duties by security personnel; 2) the purpose of the action is directed against the legal activities of security personnel. It is concluded that the damage inflicted on security personnel consists of physical, material or moral and psychological consequences:    physical consequences are
manifested in harming the life and health of security personnel; material consequences are manifested in damages caused to the property of security personnel, subjects of security activity or natural and legal entities as customers of security services; moral and psychological consequences are manifested in damage to the mental health of security personnel.
The ground for necessary defence: analysis of legal positions of the Supreme Court
Authors: Sen I.Z.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes and summarizes the positions of the Supreme Court on the ground for necessary defence. It is noted that the Supreme Court has identified two elements of the ground for necessary defence (the commission of a socially dangerous trespass and the need to immediately avert or stop it) and has repeatedly referred to the interpretation of various aspects of each of them. The article mentions various definitions of “socially dangerous trespass” provided by the Supreme Court in its rulings. It is noted that the Supreme Court has not addressed the possibility of recognizing a socially dangerous act of an insane person or a person under the age of criminal liability as a socially dangerous trespass as a ground for necessary defence, but in one of its rulings it admitted that such a trespass was committed by a mentally ill victim. The author mentions the conclusion of the Supreme Court that the right to necessary defence cannot arise against lawful acts of another person, even if such acts cause damage to legally protected interests. It is mentioned that, in general, the Supreme Court does not recognize provoked violence as a trespass within the meaning of Article 36 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, but the exception is when the degree of provoked violence is clearly higher than what a person could have predicted. It is noted that the Supreme Court identifies the objective reality of a socially dangerous trespass as its mandatory characteristic for necessary defence. The author quotes the Supreme Court’s explanation of when it is necessary to immediately avert or stop a socially dangerous trespass. The conclusions of the Supreme Court regarding the time limits of the right to necessary defence are analyzed. In particular, the Supreme Court identifies the initial and final moments of lawful defence. The ruling is mentioned, in which the Supreme Court reminds of the legal prohibition to take into account the possibility of a person to avoid a socially dangerous trespass or to request assistance of other persons or authorities when deciding on the existence or absence of a state of necessary defence.
International legal mechanisms for ensuring the responsibility of the air carrier before the passenger
Authors: Nazarenko Y.L.
Published: October 2024

Liability to passengers and cargo owners for damage caused during international air transportation is primarily borne by the carrier. From the content of the Warsaw and Montreal Conventions, it follows that the carrier can be any natural or legal person who has concluded a contract of carriage with the passenger or the consignor of the cargo and carries out this carriage on a remuneration basis. Reasons are required for the carrier to be liable as a party performing the contract. The plaintiff, who demands compensation, must prove the fact of breach of obligation by his counterparty, the presence and amount of damage, as well as the cause-and- effect relationship between the offense and the damage. However, the defendant (carrier) has the right to prove the absence of his fault and refer to the limitation of his liability.
The Warsaw (1929) and Montreal (2009) conventions contain relatively detailed and fairly clear instructions on the carrier’s liability, establishing the grounds for exemption from it and, in most cases, limiting its size by the so-called relaxations in the air carrier’s liability regime.
Like the norms of the internal transport legislation of the states, the norms of the conventions are of an imperative nature, with equal protection of the interests of consumers of services provided by transport organizations, and even the complexity of transport operation technologies, the mass of operations and the risks associated with the use of vehicles.
This article examines the question of the extent to which international conventions and rules determining the liability of air carrier passengers have been successfully harmonized at the international level and eliminated the conflict of law problem, as well as the degree of development and effectiveness of these international conventions and rules, norms for ensuring the liability of air carriers to air passengers.
Summarizing, the author notes that the Montreal Convention improves the situation of passengers and cargo owners, eliminates complications with lengthy court processes, to the advantage of the Warsaw Convention, which is somewhat outdated and does not correspond to today’s realities. The new convention strengthens competition in the air transport market, increases the responsibility of airlines to passengers and removes restrictions on compensation for loss of baggage or damage to the life and health of passengers, significantly simplifying the mechanism of obtaining it.
Claim in a civil proceeding Ancient Rome
Authors: Golovach A.Yo.
Published: October 2024

The author points out that the lawsuit, as a legal institution, has an extremely long history. Like most civil institutions, its origins are connected with the law of Ancient Rome.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the institution of the claim in the law of Ancient Rome. It is argued that subjective material rights were perceived by Roman legislators, court officials and lawyers not from the point of view of their material content, but the ways of protecting these rights. Claims were not derived from subjective material rights, but, on the contrary, they could confirm their existence. Subjective material rights and their judicial implementation were considered as one whole, preventing the Romans from dividing the law into material and procedural law.
It is indicated that the lawsuit did not act as a universal procedural tool that protected against all possible civil offenses. Roman law developed as a system of actions that provided protection in a situation where the few laws in the field of civil law were outdated and could not effectively provide protection to the individual.
The peculiarity of the claim within three forms of civil process of Ancient Rome is revealed: legislative, formulary and extraordinary.
In the period of the legislative civil process, the claim had to be presented to the court in such a way that it repeated the verbal norm of the law, which the person referred to in his case, otherwise he lost it. Quite often, the verbal voicing of one’s claims had to be accompanied by certain gestures literally to the norm of the law.
At the time of the formal civil process, the plaintiff presented the claim to the court also orally, but without observing the claim formalism, which made it difficult to access the court. At that time, the praetors began to record the claim in writing in a special act-instructions, where the judge was given instructions on how to resolve the case. With the help of these acts, praetors could protect social relations not regulated by custom or law.
The extraordinary civil process brought the institution of the lawsuit closer to its modern understanding: an oral, and then a written claim by the plaintiff to the defendant, which must be decided by the court. The lawsuit was considered as a posed question, to which the court decision should give an answer.