bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Supramolecular Hydrogel in Situ Polymerization with Acrylated β‐Cyclodextrin for the Efficient Adsorption of Pollutants
Authors: An Wen‐Jin , Yu Xiao‐Yong , Liu Chu‐Han , Leng Yuan‐Li , Chen Yong , Liu Yu
Published: February 2025

Supramolecular hydrogels have significant research implications for the environmental application of dyes and bisphenols wastewater. Herein, a magnetic Fe3O4‐P(AAm‐AMPS‐CDA) supramolecular hydrogel is reported, which is constructed by acrylamide, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylated β‐cyclodextrin, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles via thermal polymerization, exhibiting good adsorption properties for cationic dyes and bisphenols. UV–vis spectra show that the adsorption efficiencies of the hydrogel reach 96% for crystal violet and 98% for methylene blue. Meanwhile, β‐CDA cavities can form an inclusion complex with bisphenols, achieving adsorption efficiencies of 88% for bisphenol A and 69% for bisphenol F, with no significant decrease in adsorption rates even after seven cycles. The adsorption kinetic experiments indicate that the adsorption process follows the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model, and the Weber‐Morris intraparticle diffusion model reveals the diffusion mechanism. Additionally, in the presence of NaCl and humic acid, the hydrogel still maintains a high adsorption rate, and there is no significant decline in adsorption across different environmental water qualities, indicating that the hydrogel has great application potential. Importantly, the hydrogel exhibits ferromagnetic characteristics, allowing for separation with a magnet after adsorption is complete and facilitating rapid adsorption and separation of pollutants in wastewater.
Effect of Dietary Protein Levels on Growth, Body Composition, and Haematology of Tilapia in Biofloc Without Solid Management System
Authors: Debnath Sudip , Parvez Md. Shahin , Sadia Sayma , Hossain K. M. Rakibur , Ahsan Md. Nazmul
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effects of varying dietary protein levels on the performance of tilapia reared in biofloc culture system without solid management. Five experimental diets containing crude protein (CP) levels of 32, 28, 24, 20, and 16% were tested in a completely randomized design in triplicate. Tilapia fingerlings (mean initial weight of 40.82 ± 0.38 g) were randomly stocked in biofloc tanks (effective water volume of 300 L) at a stocking density of 65 fish m−3. After 13 weeks of feeding trial, significant differences were observed in final weight (g), daily growth (g day−1), feed conversion ratio, and yield (kg m−3) (p < 0.05). Water quality parameters remained unaffected by dietary treatments (p > 0.5). Notably, fish fed with diets containing 32%, 28%, and 24% CP demonstrated similar growth performance. Based on weight gain, a linear response plateau model estimated the minimal dietary CP level of 24.5%. Dietary CP levels altered visceral index (p < 0.05), but not visceral fat index, hepatosomatic index, or spleen somatic index (p > 0.05). Similarly, dietary CP levels did not significantly affect the fish composition (p > 0.05) and the haematological parameters of the experimental fish (p > 0.05). These results suggest that dietary protein in a small‐scale biofloc system can be reduced from 32% to 24.5% without compromising fish health. However, appropriate solid management in biofloc systems is recommended to ensure optimal growth of fish.
Patterns of sick leave and unemployment prior to a diagnosis of young onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Damsgaard Line , Pedersen Jacob , Laursen Thomas M. , Nabe‐Nielsen Kirsten , Hendriks Stevie , Jensen‐Dahm Christina , Waldemar Gunhild , Janbek Janet
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

Early symptoms in young onset Alzheimer's disease (YOAD) may be misinterpreted, causing delayed diagnosis. This population‐based study aimed to map adverse occupational events preceding YOAD diagnosis as potential prodromal signs.

METHODS

In a register‐based, incidence density matched nested case‐control study, we examined unemployment and long‐term sick leave among individuals diagnosed with YOAD in Danish memory clinics between 2016 and 2022 compared to controls over a 13‐year period. Conditional logistic regression produced incidence rate ratios (IRRs).

RESULTS

The study included 2434 cases and 12,170 controls. YOAD patients had higher rates of adverse occupational events, particularly long‐term sick leave, starting from 8 years before diagnosis (IRR 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.84) and increasing to an IRR of 29.59 (95% CI 18.97–46.13) in the year before diagnosis.

DISCUSSION

Adverse occupational events may serve as warning signs of YOAD. Timely diagnosis could facilitate restructuring the remaining working life to accommodate cognitive deficits or in seeking a disability pension.

HIGHLIGHTS

This is a retrospective, nested case‐control study of young onset Alzheimer's disease (YOAD).

Unemployment rates rise significantly 5 years before the YOAD diagnosis.

Long‐term sick leave rates rise significantly 8 years before the YOAD diagnosis.

This emphasizes the importance of occupational history in the timely diagnosis of YOAD.

Findings suggest the need for earlier YOAD diagnosis for work–life management.
Modeling Thermal, Mechanical, and Hydrolytic Degradation of PLA During Single‐Screw Extrusion
Authors: Velghe Ineke , Buffel Bart , Vandeginste Veerle , Thielemans Wim , Desplentere Frederik
Published: February 2025

Molecular weight decrease caused by thermal, hydrolytic, and mechanical degradation of PLA is a major concern during melt processing. Modeling and predicting degradation is essential to minimize material deterioration and material property changes. Current kinetic degradation models show potential to describe degradation, but they are limited to rheometry and focus on thermal and/or hydrolytic degradation only. There is no model yet that describes degradation during melt processing techniques such as injection molding or extrusion. The aim of this work is to establish a degradation model that predicts the molecular weight decrease of PLA throughout single‐screw extrusion. A combination of experimental extrusion data and numerical simulations is used to establish the model. Subsequently, the model is experimentally validated to check its predictive quality. The results show good similarity between predictions and measurements for multiple process variables. The maximum deviation between both was found to be 5%. Combining experimental data with numerical simulations allows us to describe the extrusion process in an equipment‐independent way, which is essential to use the model for different extruders or dies. Overall, minimizing degradation during processing will avoid the loss of valuable resources, materials, and time, and will result in obtaining high quality products.
Thermo‐Responsive Shape Memory Behavior of Epoxy With Different Combinations of Curing Agents and Filler Materials
Authors: Almezgagi Maha , Güzel Kaya Gülcihan , Deveci Hüseyin
Published: February 2025

In this research, bisphenol F‐based epoxy composites were prepared with two different curing agents (methyl‐5‐norbornene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic anhydride (MNA) and cycloaliphatic polyamine) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a plasticizer. Different amounts of sepiolite and colemanite (1, 3, 5 and 10 wt.%) were used as sustainable fillers. The mechanical and thermal properties, as well as shape memory behavior of the composites were investigated by tensile tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and bending tests, respectively. The results showed that the tensile strength of the epoxy increased with increasing filler content. The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased in the presence of PEG and fillers. The epoxy composites exhibited good shape memory performance. The recovery time of all the composites decreased with increasing temperature. The optimum temperature was found to be at 110°C in the case of the shape memory cycle tests. The recovery values (Rr) of the composites cured with MNA and cycloaliphatic polyamine were 99% and 98%, respectively. Ten consecutive shape memory cycles have been successfully conducted for the epoxy composites including sepiolite.
The Effect of Humidity and the Role of Visual Cues During Feeding on Green/Brown Color Polyphenism in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Hirota Keiryu , Watanabe Ryo , Sugahara Ryohei
Published: February 2025

The regulation of body color in locusts comprises phase polyphenism, green/brown polyphenism, and homochromy. Humidity was believed to control green/brown color polyphenism in locust species. However, recent findings indicate that humidity has minimal influence on this polyphenism in Schistocerca gregaria nymphs reared in isolation. This study investigated the effects of humidity and visual stimuli on Locusta migratoria nymphs reared in isolation. When L. migratoria nymphs were fed either Bromus catharticus or Dactylis glomerata leaves only during the dark period, the proportions of green nymphs at the 5th instar were comparable. Increased humidity (through addition of moist cotton) induced more green morphs under a 16‐h dark/8‐h light cycle, suggesting that humidity is involved in green/brown polyphenism in L. migratoria. However, these nymphs were not sensitive to humidity regarding this polyphenism under a 23‐h dark/1‐h light cycle, suggesting that sensitivity is related to visual cues. The daily overlap between food availability and light periods for 12 h resulted in a higher proportion of green morphs than a daily overlap for only 4 h, suggesting that such an overlap affects green/brown polyphenism in this species. Although we were unable to assess the effect of the total food availability period on polyphenism in this study, we confirmed that at least (1) humidity and (2) visual cues during feeding are associated with green/brown polyphenism in L. migratoria. These regulations may have ecological significance for this species, allowing them to phenotypically adjust to the seasonal and spatial variation in their environment, increasing their chances of survival.
A New Coumarin‐Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for Selection Detection of Zinc Ions in Aqueous Ethanol
Authors: Yang Wensheng , Yang Wan , Ma Yajun , Yan Long
Published: February 2025

In this study, a coumarin‐based Schiff base (1) was designed and synthesized as a Zn2+‐selective fluorescent chemosensor based on the PET mechanism. The structure of compound 1 was characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The fluorescence properties of this chemosensor toward various metal ions were explored by fluorescence and UV–vis spectra. The results indicated that the chemosensor had high selectivity toward Zn2+ over other coexisting metal ions. The binding stoichiometry of 1 toward Zn2+ was determined to be 1:1 by Job's plot. Furthermore, the chemosensor was reversible for Zn2+ in an ethanol/H2O (7:3, V/V) solution by the addition of Na2 EDTA. The above experimental results demonstrate that 1 can be used as a fluorescent chemosensor for the real‐time detection of Zn2+ in biological species and environmental systems.
Chicken‐Derived Single‐Chain Variable Fragments Targeting Monkeypox Virus A29L Protein
Authors: Lee Chi‐Hsin , Wu Chao‐Jung , Chiang Jia‐Yun , Yen Fang‐Yi , Shen Ting‐Jing , Leu Sy‐Jye , Tsai Bor‐Yu , Mao Yan‐Chiao , Andriani Valencia , Wang Wei‐Chu , Thenaka Priskila Cherisca , Chao Yu‐Pin , Yang Yi‐Yuan
Published: February 2025

Monkeypox (mpox), a zoonotic disease, has rapidly spread globally, prompting the WHO to declare it a public health emergency. The long incubation period, early symptoms resembling respiratory infections, and diagnostic challenges hinder timely epidemic control and accurate clinical diagnosis. The monkeypox virus (MPXV) encodes the A29L protein, which binds to cellular heparan sulfate to facilitate infection and serves as a target for treatment and diagnostics. Thus, developing effective diagnostic tools and treatments is critically important. In this study, we expressed and purified Escherichia coli‐derived A29L protein, which was used for chicken immunization to generate specific polyclonal IgY antibodies. The results demonstrated a successful elicitation of a humoral immune response. Subsequently, two single‐chain variable fragments (scFv) antibody libraries were constructed using phage display technology, comprising 2.6 × 108 and 3.8 × 108 transformants. After bio‐panning, phage‐based ELISA indicated the enrichment of specific clones. Three scFv‐expressing clones, including cA29LS1, cA29LS5, and cA29LS13, were selected from 13 randomly chosen clones and classified based on nucleotide sequence analysis. Their binding activities were evaluated through ELISA and Western blot, followed by purification for affinity determination via competitive ELISA. Among the selected clones, cA29LS5 demonstrated the highest binding affinity (1.3 × 10⁻⁶ M), followed by cA29LS1 (5.3 × 10⁻⁶ M). Additionally, both IgY and all three clones demonstrated binding activity to cell‐derived and commercially purchased A29L proteins, as confirmed by Western blot and ELISA. Overall, these findings suggested that the IgY and scFv antibodies developed hold promise as potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents against MPXV infections.
Differential Abnormality in Regional Brain Spontaneous Activity and Functional Connectivity in Patients of Non‐Acute Subcortical Stroke With Versus Without Global Cognitive Functional Impairment
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Wan , Yang Wenjie , Chai Xue , Yu Hao , Ma Hongxia , Liu Li , Rao Jiang , Xu Guangxu , Hu Zhibin
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Cognitive impairment after a stroke significantly affects patients' quality of life, yet not all strokes lead to such impairment, and the underlying reasons remain unclear. This study employs resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) to compare subcortical stroke patients with and without cognitive impairment. Our goal is to identify distinct abnormalities in regional brain spontaneous activity and functional connectivity (FC) to better understand the neural basis of post‐stroke cognitive outcomes.

Methods

A total of 62 first‐ever non‐acute subcortical stroke patients were classified into post‐stroke with abnormal cognition (PSAC) and with normal cognition (PSNC) groups. Rs‐MRI was utilized to assess regional homogeneity (ReHo) in 32 PSAC, 30 PSNC, and 62 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC). Then we performed the seed‐based whole‐brain FC analysis based on the ReHo results. A partial correlation analysis examined the relationship between altered ReHo or FC and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores.

Results

It showed varied activity in cognitive‐related brain regions in both stroke groups compared to HC, such as the right superior frontal gyrus, the right middle temporal gyrus, the right postcentral gyrus, and the left cerebellar lobules. The PSAC group had increased activity in the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus as well. Significant differences in activity were also found between PSAC and PSNC groups, with the PSAC group showing decreased activity in the left gyrus rectus (REC) and increased activity in cerebellar lobules. FC analysis revealed decreased connections in the PSAC group, particularly involving the left REC. Activity and FC in left REC and cerebellum also significantly correlated with MoCA scores.

Conclusions

These findings suggest unique patterns of brain activity and connectivity in non‐acute subcortical stroke patients with cognitive impairment, shedding light on potential neural mechanisms underlying post‐stroke cognitive impairment. While the left REC may be a potential neural regulatory stimulus target in clinical applications.
CrysToGraph: A Comprehensive Predictive Model for Crystal Material Properties and the Benchmark
Authors: Wang Hongyi , Sun Ji , Liang Jinzhe , Zhai Li , Tang Zitian , Li Zijian , Zhai Wei , Wang Xusheng , Gao Weihao , Gong Sheng
Published: February 2025

The bonding across the lattice and ordered structures endow crystals with unique symmetry and determine their macroscopic properties. Crystals with unique properties such as low‐dimensional materials, metal‐organic frameworks, and defected crystals, in particular, exhibit different structures from bulk crystals and possess exotic physical properties, making them intriguing subjects for investigation. To accurately predict the physical and chemical properties of crystals, it is crucial to consider long‐range orders. While GNNs excel at capturing the local environment of atoms in crystals, they often face challenges in effectively capturing longe range interactions due to their limited depth. In this paper, we propose CrysToGraph (Crystals with Transformers on Graph), a transformer‐based geometric graph network designed for unconventional crystalline systems, and UnconvBench, a benchmark to evaluate models' predictive performance on multiple categories of crystal materials. CrysToGraph effectively captures short‐range interactions with transformer‐based graph convolution blocks as well as long‐range interactions with graph‐wise transformer blocks. CrysToGraph proves its effectiveness in modelling all types of crystal materials in multiple tasks, and moreover, it outperforms most existing methods, achieving new state‐of‐the‐art results on two benchmarks. This work has the potential to accelerate the development of novel crystal materials in various fields, including the anodes, cathodes, and solid‐state electrolytes.
Electrochemical Stability and Ionic Conductivity of AlF3 Containing Lithium Borate Glasses: Fluorine Effect, Strength or Weakness?
Authors: Yang Xinhao , Muñoz Francisco , Vargas Pamela , Palomar Teresa , Rosero‐Navarro Nataly C.
Published: February 2025

Fluorides are commonly regarded as interfacial additives that enhance the electrochemical stability of solid‐state battery electrolytes. In this study, we synthesized lithium borate glassy solid electrolytes and investigated the effect of adding aluminum fluoride (AlF3) on its stability against lithium metal electrodes. Samples maintained their amorphous nature, with up to 9.20 wt.% of fluorine in the glass. Lithium borate glasses, with and without AlF3, demonstrated an excellent electrochemical performance, sustaining a stable lithium voltage profile at current densities from 0.01 to 1 mA cm⁻² at 160°C. Notably, the lithium borate glass with the highest lithium ion content achieved the highest relative ionic conductivity and cycled stably for up to 500 h at current densities of 1 mA cm⁻² at 160°C in symmetric LiǀglassǀLi cells. However, the addition of AlF3 to lithium borate glass significantly compromises its electrochemical stability. In long‐term symmetrical cell tests, the AlF3‐containing lithium borate glass exhibited short‐circuiting under 0.3 mA cm⁻², revealing unexpectedly poor stability. These findings offer valuable insights for evaluating the impact of fluorine incorporation on the performance of solid‐state battery electrolytes.
Prognostic Impact of Oncogenic Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Alterations in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors in a Real‐World Setting
Authors: Demirdjian Levon , Triantos Spyros , Standish Kristopher , Thomas Shibu , Xia Qi , Zhang Jiarui , Greshock Joel , Paone Julie , Sheridan Paige , Pant Shubham , Massard Christophe , Reardon David A. , Loriot Yohann , Schuler Martin , Sweiti Hussein
Published: February 2025

Background

Somatic FGFR gene alterations (FGFRalt) may act as oncogenic drivers across several cancers. The prognostic impact of FGFRalt in solid tumors is not fully understood. We assessed the prognostic impact of FGFRalt on overall survival (OS) in a tumor‐agnostic real‐world cohort of patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational, comparative cohort analysis that used data from a nationwide de‐identified clinico‐genomic database. Patients were included if they had advanced/metastatic disease, were aged ≥ 18 years at the time of diagnosis, had evidence of genomic testing for FGFRalt, and had initiated first‐line systemic therapy for their cancer. Patients without FGFR alterations (FGFRneg) were matched 3:1 with patients with FGFRalt using a combination of exact matching on tumor type and Mahalanobis‐distance matching on selected clinical confounders. The primary endpoint was OS from time of initiation of first‐line therapy in patients with FGFRalt versus FGFRneg. To further mitigate bias, delayed entry models and covariate‐adjusted stratified Cox models were implemented.

Results

The final cohort included 1012 patients (253 FGFRalt, 759 FGFRneg), across 30 tumor types. There were no significant differences in real‐world OS from first‐line therapy between FGFRalt and FGFRneg groups (hazard ratio 0.97; p = 0.78). Median OS from initiation of first‐line therapy was 1.13 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92–1.52) and 1.01 years (0.89–1.15) for the FGFRalt and FGFRneg groups, respectively.

Conclusions

In this matched‐cohort real‐world analysis, presence of FGFRalt had no impact on the prognosis of patients with advanced solid tumors receiving standard‐of‐care treatment.
Acceptability of Home‐Based Urine Self‐Collection for Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Receiving Care at the Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services in Michigan
Authors: Guetterman Timothy C. , El Khoury Christelle , Tariq Madiha , Aziz Ghada , Alhawli Asraa , Alves Martha L. , Haro Elizabeth , Butcher Emma A. , Vinson Alexandra H. , Harper Diane M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Michigan's Middle Eastern‐North African (MENA) community is an essential and growing part of the state's population. However, MENA individuals are underrepresented in the research literature due to a lack of recognized demographic categorization. Prior work shows that MENA women face barriers to traditional clinician‐directed cervical cancer screening. This study aims to capture the perspectives of MENA women about home‐based urine cervical cancer screening using HPV kits and to assess whether such methods could positively impact future screening intent.

Methods

Through collaboration with a community partner in southeast Michigan, we recruited MENA women ages 30–65, with 44 completing the study. Participants used urine HPV self‐sampling kits at home and then shared their perspectives through a phone interview. We used an inductive, thematic approach to analyze the interviews, which captured experiences with home‐based self‐sampling, screening preferences, and impact on future screening intent.

Results

Participants found that urine home‐based self‐sampling was acceptable as a convenient and comfortable way to screen for cervical cancer. Most (80%) preferred self‐sampling over traditional clinician‐directed screening and preferred collecting urine samples at home (73%) rather than in the clinic. Overall, 80% reported that access to urine self‐sampling would positively impact their future screening intent.

Conclusions

MENA participants in this study positively received home‐based cervical cancer screening using urine HPV self‐sampling kits. These findings support the clinical implementation of self‐sampling and home‐based cervical cancer screening to increase participation, particularly among those in under‐screened communities.
Copper‐Based Nitrides Outperform Phosphides in Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia: The Cooperative role of the Cu3N/CuO interface
Authors: Stein Paz , Hall Henry , Shimoni Ran , Amitay Noam E. , Bandyopadhyay Dyuti , Neyman Alevtina , Bar-Ziv Ronen , Bar Sadan Maya
Published: February 2025

Binary compounds consisting of Cu(I) and moderately electronegative elements (N, P) are attractive semiconductors for optoelectronic and electrocatalytic applications. This study investigates the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia (NO3RR) using copper‐based catalysts, specifically Cu3N and Cu3P. Inhibiting the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction and ensuring active hydrogen (H*) for NH3 production during NO3RR pose significant challenges. Our research demonstrates that while Cu3P is effective in the initial reduction of nitrate to nitrite, it fails to produce NH3 at more negative potentials due to competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In contrast, Cu3N exhibits remarkable performance, achieving an ammonia yield of a rate of 48.8 mmol h‐1 mmol‐1cat at ‐0.9 VRHE, with high Faradaic efficiency. The formation of a Cu3N/CuO interface during the catalysis is crucial for its activity, facilitating efficient NO3RR through a stepwise reduction mechanism. The study provides insights into the surface modifications and mechanistic aspects of these catalysts during NO3RR, offering guidance for strategically developing more efficient catalysts for nitrate reduction to ammonia.
Al‐Rich Cu/CuOx Catalyst in a CO2‐Reduction Tandem Electrolyzer with CO‐Enriched Gas Feed for Enhanced C2+‐Products Selectivity
Authors: Weidner Jonas , Tchassem Christian N. , Das Debanjan , Zerdoumi Ridha , Lu Guilong , Wang Xin , Muhler Martin , Sikdar Nivedita , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

Electrochemical CO2 conversion is an important strategy to produce high‐value carbon‐containing molecules, such as ethylene and ethanol. Despite huge progress in recent years concerning CO2 reduction catalyst development with increased selectivity, high selectivity for C2+ products at high current densities is still a challenge. We report the development and optimization of a new surface Al‐rich Cu/CuOx catalyst with high selectivity for C2+‐products at high current densities of up to −800 mA cm−2. We integrated the corresponding catalyst‐modified gas‐diffusion electrode into a second flow‐through electrolyzer, which was connected to a first flow‐through electrolyzer comprising a highly CO‐selective Ni−Cu dual‐atom N‐doped carbon catalyst. The enrichment of the CO2 stream with CO generated at a current density of −400 mA cm−2 in the first electrolyzer increased the production rate of ethanol formation at the Al‐rich Cu/CuOx catalyst at a current density of −300 mA cm−2 by 28 %, while maintaining the production rate of ethylene. Thereby, the overall yield of C2+‐products obtained by CO2 reduction was significantly increased.
Template‐oriented synthesis of boron/nitrogen‐rich carbon nanoflake superstructure for high‐performance Zn‐ion hybrid capacitors
Authors: Jin Chunjiang , Guo Fengjiao , Mi Hongyu , Yang Nianjun , Yang Congcong , Chang Xiaqing , Qiu Jieshan
Published: February 2025

The rise of Zn‐ion hybrid capacitor (ZHC) has imposed high requirements on carbon cathodes, including reasonable configuration, high specific surface area, multiscale pores, and abundant defects. To achieve this objective, a template‐oriented strategy coupled with multi‐heteroatom modification is proposed to precisely synthesize a three‐dimensional boron/nitrogen‐rich carbon nanoflake‐interconnected micro/nano superstructure, referred to as BNPC. The hierarchically porous framework of BNPC shares short channels for fast Zn2+ transport, increased adsorption‐site accessibility, and structural robustness. Additionally, the boron/nitrogen incorporation effect significantly augments Zn2+ adsorption capability and more distinctive pseudocapacitive nature, notably enhancing Zn‐ion storage and transmission kinetics by performing the dual‐storage mechanism of the electric double‐layer capacitance and Faradaic redox process in BNPC cathode. These merits contribute to a high capacity (143.7 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) and excellent rate capability (84.5 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1) of BNPC‐based aqueous ZHC, and the ZHC still shows an ultrahigh capacity of 108.5 mAh g−1 even under a high BNPC mass loading of 12 mg cm−2. More critically, the BNPC‐based flexible device also sustains notable cyclability over 30,000 cycles and low‐rate self‐discharge of 2.13 mV h−1 along with a preeminent energy output of 117.15 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 163.15 W kg−1, favoring a creditable applicability in modern electronics. In/ex‐situ analysis and theoretical calculations elaborately elucidate the enhanced charge storage mechanism in depth. The findings offer a promising platform for the development of advanced carbon cathodes and corresponding electrochemical devices.
Novel Sulfonamide‐Sydnone Hybrids: Complementary Insight into Anti‐Inflammatory Action, Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Activity, Human Serum Albumin Interaction, and in silico Analysis
Authors: Resendes Barbosa Igor , Alves Amorim Mayara , de Souza Oliveira Vitor Hélio , André Eunice , Pereira Guedes Guilherme , Augusto Chaves Otávio , Serpa Carlos , Fintelman‐Rodrigues Natalia , Sacramento Carolina Q. , Moreno L. Souza Thiago , Sant'Anna Carlos Mauricio R. , Echevarria Aurea
Published: February 2025

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe condition often seen in intensive care unit patients. Due to limited treatment options, ALI is linked to high rates of mortality and morbidity. Bacterial and viral infections are significant contributors to ALI. For instance, severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection can lead to a strong inflammatory response that may progress to ALI, a leading cause of death in COVID‐19 cases. Prior research has demonstrated that sulfonamides and sydnones exhibit anti‐inflammatory and antiviral properties, which has led us to develop compounds containing both scaffolds. Most of the new sulfonamide‐sydnone hybrids are expected to be orally bioavailable based on in silico ADME predictions. They effectively suppressed the development of ALI in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐challenged mice and inhibited viral replication in Calu‐3 cells, with minimal cytotoxicity in non‐infected Calu‐3 and Vero E6 cells. Molecular docking investigations indicated some possible viral targets for the action of the sydnones, highlighting the possible interaction with non‐structural proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2. Additionally, combined experimental and theoretical studies indicated that the new compounds can strongly interact with human serum albumin, suggesting a possible extended residence time in the human bloodstream.
ARTransformer: An Architecture of Resolution Representation Learning for Cross‐Resolution Person Re‐Identification
Authors: Lu Xing , Lai Fengshan , Cao Zhixiang , Xia Daoxun
Published: February 2025

Cross‐resolution person re‐identification (CR‐ReID) seeks to overcome the challenge of retrieving and matching specific person images across cameras with varying resolutions. Numerous existing studies utilize established CNNs and ViTs to resize captured low‐resolution (LR) images and align them with high‐resolution (HR) image features or construct common feature spaces to match between images of different resolutions. However, these methods ignore the potential feature connection between the LR and HR images of the same pedestrian identity. Besides, the CNNs or ViTs usually obtain outliers within the attention maps of LR images; this inclination to excessively concentrate on anomalous information may obscure the genuine and anticipated characteristics between images, which makes it challenging to extract meaningful information from the images. In this work, we propose the abnormal feature elimination and reconfiguration Transformer (ARTransformer), a novel network architecture for robust cross‐resolution person re‐identification tasks. This method uses a resolution feature discriminator to learn resolution‐invariant features and output feature matrices of images with different resolutions. It then calculates the potential feature relationships between images of pedestrians with the same identity but different resolutions through a new cross‐resolution landmark agent attention (CR‐LAA) mechanism. Conclusively, it utilizes output feature matrices to model LR and HR image interactions by mitigating abnormal image features and prioritizing attention on the target person by learning representations from input images of various resolutions. Experimental results show that ARTransformer performs well in matching images with different resolutions, even with unseen resolution, and extensive evaluations on four real‐world datasets confirm the excellent results of our approach.
Identification of Adsorption Sites for CO2 in a Series of Rare‐Earth and Zr‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Tassé Dylan , Quezada-Novoa Victor , Copeman Christopher , Howarth Ashlee J , Rochefort Alain
Published: February 2025

The adsorption of CO2 in MOF‐808, NU‐1000 and a series of rare‐earth CU‐10 analogues has been studied with first principles DFT and classical Monte‐Carlo methods. DFT calculations describe the interaction of CO2 with the different metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as physisorption, but where we can distinguish several adsorption sites in the vicinity of the metal nodes. Beyond the identification of adsorption sites, the MOFs were synthesized, activated, and characterized to evaluate their experimental N2 and CO2 adsorption capacity. Classical Grand Canonical Monte‐Carlo (GCMC) simulations for the adsorption of CO2 are in very good agreement with DFT results for identifying the most favored adsorption sites in the MOFs. In contrast, a rather mixed agreement between GCMC simulations and experimental results is found for the estimation of adsorption capacity {of several MOFs studied toward N2 and CO2.
A User‐Centric Approach to Reliable Automated Flow Cytometry Data Analysis for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Popp Georg , Jöckel Lisa , Kläs Michael , Wiener Thomas , Hilger Nadja , Stumpf Nils , Groß Janek , Dünkel Anna , Blache Ulrich , Fricke Stephan , Franz Paul
Published: February 2025

Automation and the increased number of measurable parameters in flow cytometry (FCM) have strongly increased the volume and complexity of phenotyping immune cell populations. Despite numerous automated gating methods for FCM analysis, their adoption in routine practice remains challenging due to accessibility barriers for users and potential model failures. Here, we propose a user‐centered solution that combines elements of supervised machine learning (SML), rapid application development (RAD), systematic quality assurance guided by structured argumentation, and uncertainty estimation to address these challenges. We implement a data‐driven model for event classification and use RAD to generate software prototypes, allowing FCM users to apply the model for automated gating. Considering concepts for structured argumentation from assurance cases (ACs), we derived and justified quality analyses that inform users about the quality of the model. We propose guiding the model operation phase using uncertainty estimation to provide users with a clear understanding of the model's confidence in its predictions. We aim to overcome barriers to the routine application of automated gating and contribute to more reliable and efficient FCM data analysis. Our approach is based on the application of phenotyping for human immune cells. We encourage future research to investigate the potential of SML, ACs, and uncertainty estimation to address dependability of data‐driven models (DDMs) supporting diagnostic decision making in the medical domain, including FCM in clinical applications and highly regulated areas such as pharmaceutical research.
Frequency and Predictors of Shape/Weight Concerns and Objective Binge Eating in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
Authors: Kambanis P. Evelyna , Palmer Lilian P. , Jhe Grace , McPherson Iman , Graver Haley , Dalton Abigail G. , Ji Chunni , Asanza Elisa , Shabazian Lauren , Dunford Ashley , Breithaupt Lauren , Freizinger Melissa , Eddy Kamryn T. , Misra Madhusmita , Micali Nadia , Holsen Laura , Lawson Elizabeth A. , Becker Kendra R. , Thomas Jennifer J.
Published: February 2025

Objective

DSM‐5 prohibits the diagnosis of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in the context of clinically significant shape/weight concerns. However, emerging data suggest that ARFID and shape/weight concerns may co‐occur, and DSM‐5‐TR now permits comorbid binge‐eating disorder alongside ARFID. We compared shape/weight concerns in adults with ARFID to healthy controls (HCs) and nonclinical norms; assessed the frequency of clinical‐level shape/weight concerns and past‐month objective binge episodes (OBE); and identified ARFID characteristics linked to elevated shape/weight concerns and OBEs. We hypothesized that individuals with ARFID would exhibit lower shape/weight concerns than HCs and nonclinical norms, that none would exhibit clinical‐level shape/weight concerns, and that higher weight would predict greater shape/weight concerns. Our examination of OBEs was exploratory.

Method

Participants with ARFID (N = 83) and HCs (N = 41) completed the Eating Disorder Examination—Questionnaire (EDE‐Q).

Results

Adults with ARFID scored significantly higher than HCs but significantly lower than nonclinical norms on shape/weight concerns. Two percent exhibited clinical‐level shape/weight concerns, and 15% reported past‐month OBEs. Higher weight uniquely predicted shape/weight concerns.

Discussion

Shape/weight concerns are lower in ARFID than in the general population, and a small proportion of adults with ARFID—particularly those at higher weights—may experience clinical‐level shape/weight concerns and OBEs.
Deeply Diverged but Morphologically Conserved Lineages in Tornier's Cat Snake (Crotaphopeltis tornieri) of the Eastern Arc Mountains
Authors: Nielsen Tejs L. , Nielsen Sofie Holdflod , Novosolov Maria , Gravlund Peter , Allentoft Morten E.
Published: February 2025

The Eastern Arc Mountain (EAM) forests in Tanzania have remarkably high endemism. Closely‐related forest‐adapted species are found isolated on different “sky islands” testifying to allopatry as a major driver for speciation in this region. However, some species defy this pattern. Tornier's cat snake (Crotaphopeltis tornieri) occupies most of the isolated mountain rainforest, despite presumably not being able to move across the arid savannah landscape that separates them. To test contrasting hypotheses of recent dispersal vs morphological conservatism we examined scale characters of 218 C. tornieri individuals and sequenced 80 full mitochondrial genomes covering populations from eight mountain blocks across the EAM and Southern Highlands of Tanzania (SHT). The morphological examination revealed no differentiation between populations except the Usambara Mountain populations showing significant differences in some scale characters. This was in stark contrast to the genetic analyses showing very high divergence between mountain populations. On average the mitochondrial genome showed > 12% genetic differentiation with cytB and COI showing interpopulation distances of up to 28.5% and 15.1%, respectively. Both Bayesian coalescent and maximum‐likelihood based phylogenies, uncovered a highly distinct clade structure in C. tornieri defined by the mountains. Divergence times were estimated at c. 21 million years for the split between the EAM and SHT populations and 5.4–1.4 millions years for population splits within EAM. Our results point towards old isolation events but with a highly conserved morphology resulting in just one recognized species. By including presumed outgroups of C. degeni and C. hotamboeia in the phylogeny we found C. tornieri to be paraphyletic. These results have implications for understanding evolution in the EAM and warrant a revision of the number of species in this genus.
Two Novel Species of Genus Melanoleuca (Agaricales) From Indian Himalaya
Authors: Choudhary Shikha , Mehmood Tahir , Sharma Yash Pal , Uniyal Priyanka
Published: February 2025

Two interesting taxa of genus Melanoleuca have been reported from cultivated lands of temperate regions in Uttarakhand Himalaya and Ladakh Himalaya. These taxa are proposed here as Melanoleuca deothalensis sp. nov. and Melanoleuca drassina sp. nov. The novel taxa are presented in present communication with detailed taxonomic descriptions, photomicrographs, illustrations, and nrITS‐based phylogeny.
Finite Element Numerical Simulation of Free Convection Heat Transfer in a Square Cavity Containing an Inclined Prismatic Obstacle With Machine Learning Optimization
Authors: Rajarajeswari Perepi , Arasukumar Thilagavathi , Anwar Bég O. , Bég Tasveer A. , Kuharat S. , Bala Anki Reddy P. , Ramachandra Prasad V.
Published: February 2025

The present work describes a numerical simulation of free convection heat transfer inside a square cavity containing a prismatic obstacle at various angles of inclination. The nondimensional governing equations are discretized by the finite element method and solved in the commercial software “COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1” with appropriate boundary conditions. The effect of prominent parameters on streamline, isotherm contours, and local Nusselt number profiles are depicted graphically. The control parameters are the Prandtl number and Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106). The study considers air as the circulating fluid with the Prandtl number, Pr = 0.71. The computations are conducted for the prismatic shape at four different orientations of , and . The inclination angle of the prismatic obstacle is observed to exert a significant role in the distribution of heat and momentum inside the square cavity. Furthermore, neural network approaches are used for optimizing the thermal performance of the system, via Bayesian regularization machine learning analysis and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithms. The study finds applications in solar collectors, fuel cells, and so forth.
Optimal Irrigation Water Allocation for Enhanced Productivity of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and Economic Gain: Evidence From the Semi‐Arid Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Negash Tatek Wondimu , Tesfaye Tefera Abera , Awlachew Tigist Worku , Denku Aynalem Gurms , Bayisa Gobena Dirirsa , Bizuneh Ketema Tezera , Bikila Gebeyehu Ashami
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to assess the effects of different irrigation levels on pepper yield and related attributes. The experiment included five irrigation levels: 60%, 80%, 100%, 120% and 140% management‐allowed depletion (MAD). The highest pepper yield was observed under the 120% MAD, with yields of 2.09 and 2.10 t/ha during the 2017 and 2019 experimental years, respectively. Conversely, the lowest pepper yield was recorded under the 60% MAD, with yields of 1.66 and 1.71 t/ha during the 2017 and 2019 experimental seasons, respectively. In terms of water productivity, the lowest values of 0.3 (2017) and 0.33 kg/m3 (2019) were obtained under 60% MAD, whereas the highest values of 0.39 (2017) and 0.42 kg/m3 (2019) were recorded under the 120% MAD. The 120% MAD yielded the highest economic gain of $12,127. On the basis of these findings, applying 120% MAD is more favourable for pepper production in semi‐arid areas of Ethiopia and similar environments. This approach balances water availability and plant needs by allowing slightly greater soil moisture depletion, enhancing its ability to withstand water stress and reducing the frequency and volume of irrigation. This lowers labour and water costs, contributing to greater economic efficiency.
Edge Computing Enables Assessment of Student Community Building: An Emotion Recognition Method Based on TinyML
Authors: Liu Shuo
Published: February 2025

Deep network‐based video sentiment analysis is crucial for online evaluation tasks. However, these deep models are difficult to run on intelligent edge devices with limited computing resources. In addition, video data are susceptible to lighting interference, distortion, and background noise, which severely limits the performance of facial expression recognition. To relieve these issues, we develop an effective multi‐scale semantic fusion tiny machine learning (TinyML) model based on a spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (ST‐GCN) which enables robust expression recognition from facial landmark sequences. Specifically, we construct regional‐connected graph data based on facial landmarks which are collected from cameras on different mobile devices. In existing spatiotemporal graph convolutional networks, we leverage the multi‐scale semantic fusion mechanism to mine the hierarchical structure of facial landmarks. The experimental results on CK+ and online student community assessment sentiment analysis (OSCASA) dataset confirm that our approach yields comparable results.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Anatomical Correlation of Human Temporal Lobe Landmarks in 3D Euclidean Space: A Study of Control and Epilepsy Disease Subjects
Authors: Delgado‐González José‐Carlos , Delgado‐Gandía Carmen , Delgado‐Gandía Carlos , Cebada‐Sánchez Sandra , De‐La‐Rosa‐Prieto Carlos , Artacho‐Pérula Emilio
Published: February 2025

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder of great importance to patients and society. Sclerosis is associated with neuronal loss and neurodegeneration in specific regions of the hippocampal formation. The hippocampal formation and temporal lobe are not the only regions affected; the chronicity of the disease extends the involvement to other brain regions. Our aim is to investigate the spatial relationship of anatomical structures in both control (CO) and epileptic (EP) subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to determine changes in epileptic patients compared to healthy anatomical structures. Anatomical landmarks are identified and registered in 3D space to provide a reference for the brain structures; the 3D network is described quantitatively using planar distances, as well as measuring rostrocaudal and Euclidean distances. The planar and rostrocaudal distances are the most remarkable discriminators between CO and EP groups, especially between structures located in and outside the temporal lobe. The study achieves a 100% discrimination between the control group and the epileptic group with the discriminant use of two distances: D_PL, Hpe/Cde and D_RC, As/cae. Finally, discriminates 100% between the three study groups, control group CO, extratemporal lobe epilepsy ETLE and temporal lobe epilepsy TLE, with a total of 12 distances distributed in the three axes of space. This study allows us to hope for a future application, its clinical utility may allow us not only to identify processes (in our case, epilepsy), but also to obtain parameters of the evolution of the disease.
Comparison of key floral components between two Tilia species and among different processing technologies as revealed by widely targeted metabolomic profiling
Authors: Yuan Xiao , Wang Huanli , Yan Lingjun , Huang Xi , Tang Shijie
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Tilia has a long history of cultivation and holds high ornamental and economic value. The volatile aroma compounds of Tilia flowers have significant characteristics that contribute to their ornamental appeal, and affect the flavor of floral tea. Here, widely targeted metabolomic analyses were conducted to investigate the aroma active compounds in the fresh inflorescences of Tilia cordata Mill. (Tc) and Tilia miqueliana Maxim. (Tm), and in samples prepared by freeze drying, air drying, and oven drying.

RESULTS

We identified 442 volatile organic compounds by headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Terpenoids were the most abundant and diverse group, while heterocyclic compounds were the main contributors to the aroma profile. Notably, 46 aroma compounds were identified as primary contributors to the characteristic aroma of Tilia, including abhexon, 2‐isobutyl‐3‐methoxypyrazine, (Z)‐6‐nonenal, methyl benzoate, (E)‐2‐hexenal, 1‐hexanol, 2‐thiophenemethanethiol, p‐cymene, furaneol, and (Z)‐4‐heptenal. The concentration of volatile organic compounds was higher in Tc than in Tm, indicating a more pronounced aroma character of Tc. For both Tc and Tm, the aroma compounds were better preserved and present at higher concentrations in freeze‐dried samples than in air‐dried and oven‐dried samples.

CONCLUSION

These results provide a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanisms of aroma formation in Tilia flowers and on aroma as a cue for insect pollination. Furthermore, the results provide a basis for the development and commercialization of Tilia floral teas and other related products. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.