bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taphonomy of microorganisms and microbial microtextures at sulfidic hydrothermal vents: A case study from the Roman Ruins black smokers, Eastern Manus Basin
Authors: Baumgartner Raphael J. , Hu Siyu , Van Kranendonk Martin J. , Verrall Michael
Published: March 2022

Biological activity at deep‐sea hydrothermal chimneys is driven by chemotrophic microorganisms that metabolize chemicals from the venting high‐temperature fluids. Understanding taphonomy and microbial microtextures in such environments is a necessity for micropaleontological and palaeoecological research. This study examines fossilized microorganisms and related microtextures in a recent black smoker from the Roman Ruins hydrothermal vent site, Eastern Manus Basin offshore of Papua New Guinea. Whereas the center of the examined sulfide chimney is dominated by high‐temperature mineralogy (chalcopyrite and dendritic sphalerite), filamentous and coccoidal biomorphs occur in an outer, warm zone of mixing between hydrothermal fluids and seawater, which is indicated by their occurrence within colloform and botryoidal pyrite of barite–pyrite coprecipitates. Both morphotypes can be interpreted as thermophilic microorganisms based on their occurrence in a high‐temperature habitat. Their separate (non‐commensal) occurrence hints at sensitivities to microenvironmental conditions, which is expectable for strong temperature, pH, and redox gradients at the walls of deep‐sea hydrothermal chimneys. Whereas both morphotypes experienced mild thermal overprint, taphonomic differences exist: (i) spaces left by cells in filamentous fossils are predominately filled by silica, whereas inter/extracellular features (crosswalls/septae and outer sheaths) are pyritized; (ii) coccoidal fossils show both silica‐ and pyrite‐infilled interiors, and generally better preservation of cell walls. These different manifestations presumably relate to an interplay between microenvironmental and biological factors, potentially contrasting metabolisms, and differences in cell wall chemistries of distinct bacteria and/or archaea. A further hypothesis is that the coccoidal features represent biofilm‐forming organisms, whose organic matter derivates contributed to the formation of intimately associated wavy and wrinkly carbonaceous laminations that are at least locally distinguishable from the texture of the surrounding pyrite. Hence, the presented data provide evidence that microtextures of microbiota from hydrothermal systems can have a similar significance for palaeobiological research as those from sedimentary environments.
Automated Detection of Missing Links in Bicycle Networks
Authors: Vybornova Anastassia , Cunha Tiago , Gühnemann Astrid , Szell Michael
Published: March 2022

Cycling is an effective solution for making urban transport more sustainable. However, bicycle networks are typically developed in a slow, piecewise process that leaves open a large number of gaps, even in well‐developed cycling cities like Copenhagen. Here, we develop the IPDC procedure (Identify, Prioritize, Decluster, Classify) for finding the most important missing links in urban bicycle networks, using data from OpenStreetMap. In this procedure we first identify all possible gaps following a multiplex network approach, prioritize them according to a flow‐based metric, decluster emerging gap clusters, and manually classify the types of gaps. We apply the IPDC procedure to Copenhagen and report the 105 top priority gaps. For evaluation, we compare these gaps with the city’s most recent Cycle Path Prioritization Plan and find considerable overlaps. Our results show how network analysis with minimal data requirements can serve as a cost‐efficient support tool for bicycle network planning. By taking into account the whole city network for consolidating urban bicycle infrastructure, our data‐driven framework can complement localized, manual planning processes for more effective, city‐wide decision‐making.
Postural control impairment in patients with headaches—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Carvalho Gabriela F. , Becnel Alena R. , Miske Carolin , Szikszay Tibor M. , Adamczyk Waclaw M. , Luedtke Kerstin
Published: March 2022

Objective

To summarize the evidence regarding static and dynamic balance alterations among patients with headache.

Methods

Electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science) were searched by two researchers independently up to September 2021. Two reviewers selected eligible studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence using the Downs and Black checklist. Case‐control studies were included if they involved balance assessment of any kind of headache, including objective outcome measures of dynamic and static tests such as body sway displacement, limits of stability (LOS), gait, and tandem walk tests. A meta‐analysis and post hoc sensitivity analyses were performed when possible.

Results

Twenty‐two studies (1202 patients with headache and 597 controls) were included in this review and 16 of them in the meta‐analysis. Risk of bias ranged from low to moderate among all studies. Greater sway area in static posturography was shown by patients with migraine in comparison to controls, with more consistent differences in more challenging test conditions, such as over a foam surface with eyes closed (difference of 4.8 cm2, 95% CI: 3.8–5.9). Lower performance of patients with migraine during the tandem walk test (difference of −7.8 cm/s, 95% CI: −9.0 to −6.5) and slower reaction time in the LOS test (difference of 0.3 s, 95% CI: 0.2–0.4) were also verified. There is no evidence of altered sway velocity and length in static posturography among patients with migraine (p > 0.05). The level of evidence is very low for balance alteration of any kind among patients with tension‐type and cervicogenic headache owing to the limited number of studies and high heterogeneity.

Conclusion

This review confirmed the presence of static and dynamic balance alterations among patients with migraine. Future studies with low risk of bias are needed to decrease heterogeneity in methodology and explore the role of subdiagnosis on the balance of patients with headache.
Medically assisted reproduction for people living with HIV in Europe: A cross‐country exploratory policy comparison
Authors: Andersen Megan H. , Alexander Madison T. , Bintz Corinne , Ford Colin , Mitchem Mallorie , Pham Alice , Silverman Lily , Irwin Rachel
Published: March 2022

Objective

To explore the availability and accessibility of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) for people living with HIV in Europe, including the feasibility of cross‐border care.

Methods

We used a polymorphous engagement approach, primarily based on digital and email‐based interviews with representatives of national HIV organizations, clinical researchers (infectious disease and/or infertility specialists), European and national professional societies (fertility and/or infectious disease), national regulatory authorities and individual clinics in 14 countries in the WHO European region. The research design and results were also informed by two surveys and a review of the secondary literature, news articles and clinic websites.

Results

Although MAR is possible for people living with HIV in 12 out of the 14 countries mapped, accessing services can be challenging for logistical or financial reasons. People living with HIV also face barriers to MAR independent of their HIV status, such as limitations on single women and same‐sex couples accessing services. Cross‐border care is available for most patients who are self‐financing but is limited for publicly funded patients.

Conclusions

Even when MAR is available to and accessible for people living with HIV, there may still be barriers to treatment. Further research on patient experiences is needed to understand these discrepancies between availability and accessibility on paper and in practice.
Feeling the absence of justice: Notes on our pathological reliance on punitive justice
Authors: Chamberlen Anastasia , Carvalho Henrique
Published: March 2022

This article critically examines our relationship with justice in contemporary Western liberal settings, with a particular focus on why our pursuit of justice is intimately entangled with punitive logics. It starts by arguing that we have a predominantly pathological approach to justice, in the sense that it follows a logic that is akin to that displayed in contemporary sensibilities regarding bodily pain. We deploy Drew Leder's concept of ‘dys‐appearance’ to discuss how, in Western liberal societies, justice is primarily experienced negatively as a phenomenon; that is, we mainly become conscious of justice through the painful and episodic experience of injustice. We then explore this phenomenological quality of justice which, we argue, is linked to how the pursuit of justice in these settings predominantly takes a hostile, punitive aspect. The article concludes by exploring how this punitive impulse can be resisted, through what we term a ‘lived sense of justice’.
What a shame! Restorative justice's guilty secret
Authors: Wilson Amanda
Published: March 2022

In this article, I address a long‐standing issue confronting restorative justice: its shaky ethical foundation. Leading restorative justice theorists have pursued an ethics of shame that has marginalised guilt (and remorse). The resulting shame‐oriented concepts do not adequately capture the complex moral and psychological phenomena that the ethics of restorative justice requires. In part, this is because theorists have failed to account for the depths, not only of guilt, but of shame as well. These depths, I argue, are to be found in Freudian metapsychology. Guilt and shame have primitive and mature forms. It is only through understanding the difference between these formations that we can see how it is that the mature formations are related in ways that are essential to understanding restorative justice. I conclude that that the mature guilt‐and‐shame complex developed in the article provides the grounds for an adequate ethical foundation for restorative justice.
What makes an urban raptor?
Authors: Leveau Lucas M. , Gorleri Fabricio C. , Roesler Ignacio , González‐Táboas Francisco
Published: March 2022

Raptor communities are negatively impacted by urbanization. However, some species can thrive in urban areas. Raptor species traits that favour their presence in urban areas have been scarcely studied. Moreover, phylogenetic relatedness may be a factor promoting raptor occurrence in urban areas. In this study, we use data gathered through citizen science in Argentina to analyse the phylogenetic signal and the drivers that correlate with raptor presence in urban settings. The mean percentage urban cover for the records of each species was considered as an index of raptor occurrence in urban areas. A total of 55 species were analysed, which accounted for 90% of the diurnal raptors of Argentina. Harris’s Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus, Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii and Chimango Caracara Milvago chimango had the highest urban index. Raptor occurrence in urban areas had a marginal phylogenetic signal, indicating a tendency for more closely related species to have similar tolerances to urbanization. The index of raptor occurrence in urban areas was highest for the most common species of non‐urban areas, and was not related to traits such as body mass, diet, nesting site and migratory behaviour. Our results highlight the importance of citizen science projects in data gathering at large geographical scales.
Development of an educational protocol for ergonomic risk assessment of working postures to enhance the competence of occupational health nurses
Authors: Indrayani Ni Luh Dwi , Wang Jing‐Jy , Chang Jer‐Hao , Permatasari Henny , Wang Chi‐Jane
Published: March 2022

Aim

To develop a protocol and provide a valid, evidence‐based procedure for identifying the ergonomic risk of working postures by occupational health nurses.

Background

Although ergonomic risk assessment tools have been used for the early detection of risky working postures, their operational procedures and validations do not target the competence of occupational nursing personnel.

Design

This study developed and validated an educational protocol, comprised of 13 procedures in five stages. First, the number of work tasks in the workplace is determined. Second, the working postures are confirmed. Third, the raters are trained to use the assessment tools. Fourth, high‐risk postures are identified and categorized. Fifth, the inter‐rater reliability of the tool is reported. The content of the protocol is validated by experts, with a validity value of 0.87.

Data sources

The protocol was created through review of literature published from 1991 to 2021, protocol development (between 2018 to 2020) and expert validation (2020).

Conclusion

The protocol can be applied to educate occupational health nurses and increase their competence in detecting workers' ergonomic risks. It can be used as a reference in occupational health nursing education to evaluate work tasks and detect risky postures.
Foreign‐funded credit: Funding the credit cycle?
Authors: Duijm Patty
Published: March 2022

This study investigates what drives the credit cycle, focusing on the role of foreign‐funded bank credit (FFC). Considering credit cycles in 41 countries over the period 1985–2015, this study finds that credit booms are associated with an increase in the share of FFC in an economy. This especially holds for emerging economies and for credit provided to nonfinancial corporations. The increased credit needs during a boom may cause the substitution of domestically funded credit by FFC, as the growth in FFC is less restricted than domestically funded credit, such as the domestic deposit base.
Staff experiences related to implementation of a recovery‐oriented nursing programme in psychiatric inpatient care
Authors: Salberg Johanna , Ekselius Lisa , Hursti Timo , Öster Caisa
Published: March 2022

Nursing in psychiatric inpatient care is peripheral to a dominating biomedical model of care. Efforts are being made to implement nursing models based on core values and theories for nursing, such as recovery‐oriented practices. The aim of the study was to explore experiences of a recovery‐oriented nursing programme (Steps Towards Recovery, STR) among nursing staff in psychiatric inpatient care and their ratings of stress (Maslach Burnout Inventory scores), quality of care (Quality of Psychiatric Care ‐ Inpatient staff scores) and satisfaction with nursing care (Satisfaction with Nursing Care and Work scale scores), before and after the implementation—and compare with ratings from reference wards. A quasi‐experimental and prospective, pretest–post‐test design was used. Specific questions about the nursing programme were answered by staff at the intervention wards. Staff reported predominantly positive experiences of the nursing programme. At follow‐up, higher ratings were reported in two dimensions of quality of care in the STR group, and lower ratings in one dimension of stress were evident in the reference group. No differences in ratings between the STR and reference wards were found. Staff members' positive experiences of STR and higher ratings regarding participation and secure environment after implementation suggest that STR is a well‐accepted and promising nursing programme. It is important to implement and evaluate recovery‐oriented interventions in psychiatric inpatient care, where a focus on symptom relief still prevails. The results indicate that there is potential for further exploration of STR in this context.
Record high parainfluenza season in children after relaxation of COVID‐19 restrictions in fall 2021—A nationwide register study in Finland
Authors: Kuitunen Ilari , Artama Miia , Haapanen Marjut , Renko Marjo
Published: March 2022

Social restrictions interrupted the circulation of common respiratory viruses among children in spring 2020. In the winter season 2020–2021, only rhinovirus spread in Finland. As the restrictions were ended in September 2021, we saw record high epidemic peak of parainfluenza. Typically, the epidemic peak is in springtime, but now, it started in the early fall 2021. The monthly incidence among children aged 0–4 years (120 per 100,000 children) was six times higher than the second highest reported monthly incidence (21 per 100,000 children) during the last 10 years. Our finding highlights the importance of active surveillance of viral respiratory pathogens during the pandemic.
Psychosocial adaptation to precocious puberty: A nursing support program
Authors: Turan Miral Mukaddes , Hotun Sahin Nevin
Published: March 2022

Problem

This study aimed to determine the effects of a nursing support program (NSP) based on the Roy Adaptation Model on the psychosocial adaptation of girls with precocious puberty and their mothers.

Methods

This study adopted a pre‐post design. It included 26 girls diagnosed with precocious puberty and their mothers. Data were collected using a Demographic Information Form; the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18; and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Participants were then enrolled in a NSP based on the Roy Adaptation Model. The same measures were administered at the end of the support program to the participants.

Findings

It was determined that at the beginning of the program, approximately one‐third of the mothers had depression, 15% anxiety, and approximately 20% experienced stress. Mothers' anxiety and stress levels and girls' anxiety/depression and total problem scores significantly decreased after the NSP.

Conclusions

The NSP designed for this study positively affected the psychosocial problems of girls with precocious puberty and their mothers.
Sensitive skin: A relevant syndrome, be aware
Authors: Wollenberg A. , Giménez‐Arnau A.
Published: March 2022

Sensitive skin is clinically defined by characteristic sensory perceptions including tightness, abnormal stinging, burning, tingling, pain and pruritus. Facial erythema may occur, and other body areas can be involved. Sensitive skin affects extremely the quality of life. According with the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI), sensitive skin is defined as a syndrome. The unpleasant sensations described are in response to stimuli that normally should not provoke such sensations. Moreover, these unpleasant sensations cannot be explained by any skin disease. Sensitive skin is always considered when any new consumer health, cosmetic or household product is introduced in the market. Once sensitive skin is recognized, it is mandatory to identify specific triggers that commonly induce symptoms and even cutaneous visible signs. Sensitive skin syndrome can be exacerbated by an allergic setting and environmental factors (cold, hot, dryness, pollution, wind, chemicals ...), a source of intolerance and unpleasant sensations. Cosmetics are the main triggering factors of sensitive skin according to patient’s reports. The presence of potentially irritant substances in their composition increases the clinical expression of symptoms. As sensitive skin is frequent, and it is increasing based on the current development of cosmetic use worldwide, there is a need to develop better skin care products. The continuous research of active and safe skin care products to prevent and treat sensitive skin is extremely welcome.
Specific protection of sensitive skin against environmental stress by maintenance and improvement of barrier function
Authors: Viodé C. , Rouquier A. , Mias C. , Questel E. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Duplan H.
Published: March 2022

Background

Sensitive skin is a common condition that can severely impact quality of life. Several mechanisms are thought to be involved, including those affecting the skin barrier function, hydration and skin innervation.

Objectives

To investigate the benefit of cream and balm formulations dedicated to sensitive skin and containing Aquaphilus dolomiae extract‐G3 (ADE‐G3) on skin barrier functions (lipid composition, pH, TEWL), as well as protective responses to dry and pollution stresses.

Methods

In vitro sensitized (using histamine) reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) were subjected to dehydration and pollution stress in the absence and presence of the formulations. Endpoint measurements included transepithelial electric resistance (TEER), stratum corneum protein expression and lipid contents. Clinical measurements included transepithelial water loss (TEWL), skin pH and the lipid index.

Results

When applied in cream and balm formulations, ADE‐G3, increased the TEER in sensitized RHEs. In non‐sensitized dehydrated RHEs, both formulations increased recovery of skin barrier integrity after dehydration, evident as a return of the ratios of filaggrin/profilaggrin and caspase‐14/procaspase‐14 to values measured in control non‐stressed RHEs, as well as reducing the ‘natural moisturizing factor’ to control levels. In clinical studies performed on dry human skin, the formulations helped to maintain and improve the skin barrier function. This was evident as an intense and sustained moisturization (total lipids and lipid esters were increased), an increase in pH and a decrease in the TEWL by both formulations. When exposed to pollution stress by treating the models with benzo[a]pyrene and airborne particulate matter (PM10), application of both formulations prior to exposure attenuated the induction of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and UGT1A7 expression, indicating a protective effect.

Conclusions

ADE‐G3 cream and balm formulations increased the hydration of the skin but also protected and improved the skin barrier integrity of sensitive skin exposed to dry and cold and airborne pollutant‐induced stress environments.
Optimizing future cost and emissions of electric delivery vehicles
Authors: Woody Maxwell , Craig Michael T. , Vaishnav Parth T. , Lewis Geoffrey M. , Keoleian Gregory A.
Published: March 2022

Electrification of delivery vehicles will play an important role in decarbonizing the transportation sector. As electricity‐generating technologies vary regionally and temporally, where electric vehicles are deployed and when they are charged will determine the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and cost consequences of delivery vehicle electrification. We couple a vehicle charging model with a dataset that provides hourly projections of marginal electricity cost and marginal emissions factors across 134 electricity balancing areas in the United States. We calculate the cost and emissions of charging an electric delivery vehicle over a 10‐year service life (2021–2030) at different times of day and in different locations. Using a multiobjective optimization framework, we explore two potential goals—minimizing GHG emissions and minimizing cost—and investigate the tradeoffs between those goals. We show emissions ranging from 136 to 485 g CO2/mile, and costs ranging from 0.79 to 3.18 cents/mile depending on location and optimization weighting. We demonstrate the impact of charge time‐of‐day optimization frequency, showing emissions reductions of 19–62% by choosing the optimal charging time every day, rather than annually. We show that the benefits of electrification are reduced when potential charge times are constrained (e.g., if charging must take place overnight), and we calculate the carbon price needed to align cost‐optimized and emissions‐optimized charge timing in different regions. Our results highlight the opportunity to reduce cost and emissions by strategically charging at certain times of day and show the importance of accounting for spatial and temporal variability when developing effective carbon‐reduction strategies.
The efficacy and safety of nurse‐initiated sedation management in an intensive care unit: A two‐phase prospective study in Japan
Authors: Kanda Naoki , Nakano Hidehiko , Naraba Hiromu , Kawasaki Ayako , Ohno Naoko , Yoshikawa Yurika , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Takahashi Yuji , Sonoo Tomohiro , Hashimoto Hideki , Nakamura Kensuke
Published: March 2022

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate whether nurse‐initiated sedation management could provide more appropriate sedation compared to usual care in a Japanese intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

We conducted a single‐center, prospective observational study before and after implementing nurse‐initiated sedation using instruction sheets. Patients who had been admitted to a general adult ICU were enrolled. Before our ICU started nurse‐initiated sedation (pre‐implementation care), adjustment of sedatives and analgesics was performed only by a physician's written or verbal order; however, after implementing nurse‐initiated sedation, nurses titrated drugs using instruction sheets. The primary outcome was the efficacy of nurse‐initiated sedation, evaluated by the proportion achieving the target Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale (RASS) score. The analgesic status evaluated by Critical‐Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT), days of delirium, ventilator days, ICU mortality and hospital mortality were also evaluated.

Results

The study examined 30 patients in the pre‐implementation care phase and 30 patients in the nurse‐initiated sedation phase. The proportions achieving the target RASS were 68% in the nurse‐initiated sedation group and 42% in the pre‐implementation care group (mean difference, 25%; 95% confidence interval, 13.4%–37.5%; P <.001). Almost all measured CPOT were within the range of 0–3 during both phases. Days of delirium, ventilator days, ICU survival, and hospital survival did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Conclusions

Nurse‐initiated sedation management achieved a significantly higher degree of target sedation status and was incorporated as part of the care in our ICU. It is a safe approach in countries, such as Japan, where sedation protocols are not widely used.
Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on the Flexural Strength of the Transitional Implant‐Supported Fixed Dental Prosthesis
Authors: Suvarna Shivani , Bedrossian Armand E. , Xu Qianhui , Kuykendall William , Ramos Van , Sorenson John A , Chung Kwok‐Hung
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the efficacy of fiber reinforcement to enhance flexural strength of the transitional implant‐supported fixed dental prosthesis (TISFDP).

Materials and methods

One hundred and forty denture acrylic resin plates (64 mm × 12 mm × 5 mm) with two 7 mm diameter holes were fabricated using heat‐polymerized type (Lucitone 199) and CAD‐CAM prepolymerized type (AvaDent) materials to simulate a chair‐side reconstruction of the TISFDP. Specimens were divided into 7 groups (n = 10) according to the airborne‐particle abrasion of titanium cylinder (Straumann) surface and locations of fiber reinforcement ribbons (Ribbond‐ULTRA). No cylinder surface abrasion and no fiber added acrylate specimens were used as the controls. The prosthetic screws were hand‐tightened on a custom fixture with analogs. Specimen hole and cylinder were joined using a 50:50 mixture of chemically polymerized resin (QYK‐SET; Holmes Dental) and repair resin (Dentsply Sirona). Ten acrylate specimens with no holes were fabricated from each tested material and assigned as positive controls. A modified four‐point bending test (ASTM standard‐D6272) was conducted using a universal testing machine and a custom fixture with a crosshead speed 1 mm/min. The maximum failure loads were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using 2‐way ANOVA and the Tukey tests at α = 0.05.

Results

The flexural strength values ranged from 55.4 ±8.3 to 140.9 ±15.4 MPa. The flexural strength decreased significantly when fiber was attached on the titanium cylinder surface (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in flexural strength values between specimens with and without titanium cylinder surface abrasion (p > 0.05). Statistically significant improvement in flexural strength was observed in specimens with fibers attached around the specimen holes (p < 0.05) buccally and lingually. The obtained values were not statistically significantly different from the positive controls (p > 0.05). Some fixation screw fractures were observed before catastrophic failure of specimens during testing.

Conclusions

Fiber reinforcement significantly improved the flexural strength of denture acrylic resins only if placed around the specimen holes on the tension side at the site of initiation of crack propagation. Even when the specimens underwent catastrophic failure, the segments remained attached to each other with the attached fibers.
Internalizing Problems and Resilience in Primary School Students in Low and High Socioeconomic Vulnerability Establishments in Chile
Authors: Flores Jerome , Caqueo‐Urízar Alejandra , Ramírez Cristian , Díaz Patricia , Durán Claudia , López Lorena
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The processes involved in this study were 2‐fold. First, we analyzed the levels of resilience and internalized problems (defined as group of emotional symptoms) in children aged 9 to 12 years. Second, we examined whether the relationship between them varies according to the low or high vulnerability of school communities.

METHODS

About 1460 students from schools in northern Chile participated. A total of 52.6% were girls, and 47.4% were boys. The scales of internalizing problems of the System of Evaluation of Children and Adolescents (SENA) and the short scale of resilience (CYRM‐12) were applied. Correlations in each group and differences between groups were analyzed using a MANOVA. A 2‐level path analysis was also performed.

RESULTS

Resilience was higher in the context of low vulnerability while depression, social anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptomatology were greater in the context of high vulnerability. A 2‐level path analysis showed that the slope of gender, anxiety, and depression symptomatology varies between schools and an interaction effect between vulnerability and anxiety symptomatology.

CONCLUSION

There are differences in the relationship between internalized problems and resilience according to whether the students belong to low or high vulnerability establishments. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between internalizing problems and resilience.
Cognitive Complexity Training Reduced Gender Harassment in a Small Japanese Company1, 2
Authors: Kobayashi Atsuko , Tanaka Ken'ichiro
Published: March 2022

We examined a training program for developing cognitive complexity (cognitive complexity training [CCT]) for reducing gender harassment using data of workers in an actual work environment. CCT was conducted with 20 Japanese employees. The participants were administered the Gender Harassment Scale consisting of two subscales: the Commission (e.g., marginal role expectations of women, such as serving coffee and making photocopies) and the Omission (e.g., exclusion of women from essential jobs and core roles). The participants responded to the Gender Harassment Scale before CCT, right after CCT, and at the 2‐week follow‐up assessment. The results indicated that participants' post‐CCT and follow‐up Commission scores significantly improved compared to their pre‐CCT scores.
Portmanteau test for a class of multivariate asymmetric power GARCH model
Authors: Boubacar Maïnassara Yacouba , Kadmiri Othman , Saussereau Bruno
Published: March 2022

We establish the asymptotic behaviour of the sum of squared residuals autocovariances and autocorrelations for the class of multi‐variate power transformed asymmetric models. We then derive a portmanteau test. We establish the asymptotic distribution of the proposed statistics. These asymptotic results are illustrated by Monte Carlo experiments. An application to a bivariate real financial data is also proposed.
Effects of mandatory military and alternative community service on wages and other socioeconomic outcomes
Authors: Puhani Patrick A. , Sterrenberg Margret K.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we estimate the effects of mandatory military and alternative community service by exploiting the post‐cold war decrease in the need for soldiers causing a substantial number of potential conscripts not to be drafted into the German military. The study is based on retrospective survey information for 655 men from the 1970 to 1984 birth cohorts collected in 2009/10 and after, using previously unavailable information on degree of fitness in the military's medical exam as a control variable. We test for the effects of mandatory service on wages, employment, volunteer work, marriage/partnership status, and satisfaction with various aspects of life. Whilst many estimates are not statistically significant, for the younger birth cohorts 1976 to 1984, we find some evidence of a lower hourly wage due to mandatory military service, which shows a negative point estimate of −15% with a large confidence interval of between −30 and −0.2%. This interval estimate is consistent with previous findings for the United States, Denmark, and the Netherlands. However, we also find statistically significant estimates for both military and alternative community service to increase participation in volunteer work, a hitherto rarely explored effect.
Theory‐based nutrition education intervention through male involvement improves the dietary diversity practice and nutritional status of pregnant women in rural Illu Aba Bor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Tsegaye Dereje , Tamiru Dessalegn , Belachew Tefera
Published: March 2022

Maternal undernutrition is a major public health problem that disproportionately affects women in low‐income countries. Despite attempts to address maternal nutritional needs, Ethiopia still has a high rate of undernutrition. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of theory‐based nutrition education through male engagement on dietary practice and the nutritional status of pregnant women. A pretest−posttest quasi‐experimental study was conducted among 403 pregnant women selected from 22 kebeles of Illu Aba Bor zone, Southwest Ethiopia from July to December 2019. A pre‐tested, structured interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used for data collection. A qualitative 24‐h dietary recall was used to assess dietary diversity, and the Mid‐Upper Arm Circumference was used to assess nutritional status. The intervention effect was evaluated using difference‐in‐difference, generalized estimating equation, and linear mixed‐effects models. The mean dietary diversity score differed significantly between the couple group, women‐alone and the control group (p < 0.001). According to the multivariable generalized estimating equations model, couples were 3.9 times; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.91, 95% CI: (2.57, 6.88) and women alone were 2.8 times; AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: (2.17, 3.88) more likely to consume a diverse diet than the control group. The nutritional status of the women in the couple group improved significantly by the end of the intervention (p < 0.001). This study showed that involving males in nutrition education intervention was effective in improving the dietary diversity practice and nutritional status of pregnant women. The findings imply the need for targeting couples in designing nutrition education interventions.
Diurnal increases in depths of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) mother‐calf pods off West Maui, Hawaiʻi: A response to vessels?
Authors: Pack Adam A. , Waterman James O. , Craig Alison S.
Published: March 2022

Studies of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) habitat use in their Hawaiian breeding grounds have revealed that mother‐calf pairs favor shallow waters to avoid harassment from males. However, human activity in these same waters may exert an opposing force on habitat use. To investigate this hypothesis, instantaneous scan samples of whale and vessel distribution were collected from West Maui, Hawaiʻi. Theodolite position fixes were combined with GIS techniques to determine the depths and seabed terrain type occupied by 161 humpback whale pods containing a calf (calf pods) and 872 pods without a calf (noncalf pods). We found no significant diurnal trends for noncalf pods, but calf pods occupied progressively deeper water over the course of each day. There was no evidence that this shift was related to (1) a “spillover” resulting from high mother‐calf density in shallow water, (2) harassment by males occupying the same space as mother‐calf pairs, or (3) the presence of mainly older and larger calves. However, while diurnal trends of whale‐watching vessels largely mirrored those of mother‐calf pods, nonwhale‐watching vessels tended to remain in shallower waters throughout the day. These results suggest that nearshore vessels may negatively impact the natural preference of mother‐calf pairs for shallow waters.
Epidemiology of dermatomycoses in children in Northern Mato Grosso 2015‐2020
Authors: Correia Neocimar Saraiva , Balbinot Rayssa Tuanna Schmidt , Bonacorsi Cibele , Donofrio Fabiana Cristina
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Dermatomycoses, fungal diseases that affect the superficial layers of skin, hair or nails, are a public health concern due to their high prevalence. In Brazil, dermatomycoses are not notifiable diseases, so only fragmented epidemiological studies have been reported in the national literature. To evaluate the epidemiological profile of dermatomycoses in preschoolers and school children in Sinop, Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil.

Methods

Classic methods were used to perform 782 mycological examinations to identify dermatophytosis, cutaneous candidosis and pityriasis versicolor in preschoolers and school children aged between 6 months and 12 years in 11 educational institutions in Sinop, MT.

Results

Among the evaluated clinical specimens, 5.2% tested positive for dermatophytosis, with 58.45% of these cases corresponding to tinea capitis, followed by skin (tinea corporis and tinea pedis) and toenail (tinea unguium) lesions; zoophilic fungi predominated. Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex were isolated in 53.66% and 24.39% of the cases, respectively. Regarding cutaneous candidosis, 9.1% of the specimens tested positive for this disease, with 59.16% and 12.7% of the cases corresponding to toenails and interdigitoplantar lesions, respectively. Candida albicans caused 70.43% of the lesions. The remaining specimens (85.7%) tested positive for pityriasis versicolor; children aged between 6 and 12 were the most affected (71.79%).

Conclusion

Our results agree with most epidemiological studies carried out in Brazil and demonstrate the high frequency of mycoses in preschoolers and school children, a result of poor personal hygiene and favourable weather conditions in Northern Mato Grosso, Brazil.
The need for individualizing teaching and assurance of knowledge transmission to patients training for home dialysis
Authors: McIsaac Mark , Chan Christopher T. , Auguste Bourne L.
Published: March 2022

Patients have varied learning styles and this has implications for home haemodialysis (HHD). Assessment tools directed toward understanding these styles remains understudied. As a consequence, this may lead to substandard retention rates or adverse events in HHD programs. As part of a continuous quality improvement initiative we have aimed to improve our understanding of patient learning styles and consequently tailor home dialysis training to individuals. To objectively determine knowledge translation and comprehension, irrespective of learning styles, we have introduced an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). This assessment tool allows for further refinement of educational priorities by highlighting both deficiencies and strengths. Thereafter, an exit OSCE ensures patients attain an acceptable standard to complete home haemodialysis independently. We hope this tool will help shape future training criteria for HHD programs and consequently reduce adverse event rates.
Putting the university to work: The subsumption of academic labour in UK's shift to digital higher education
Authors: Ivancheva Mariya , Garvey Brian
Published: March 2022

This paper considers how the formal and real subsumption of academic labour in UK higher education are exposed and exacerbated by the move towards online teaching, assessment and communication. These processes have been expedited by the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak and attention is drawn to the technology‐driven organisational and operational innovations that are transforming academic divisions of labour and labour processes. These changes, particularly in relation to the separation of research and teaching, and to the deprofessionalisation, modularisation, and outsourcing of the latter, are the focus of the paper. We argue that the formal subsumption of knowledge production (research) through commercialisation dovetails with a real subsumption of socially reproductive work (teaching) that is undergoing qualitative transformation in an increasingly marketised higher education sector. We show how digitalisation actively contributes to the growing standardisation and flexibilisation of work, deepens long‐standing gendered divisions of labour, and dissolves even further the blurred work/life boundaries for precariously employed workers. These new hallmarks of the contemporary subsumption present new challenges to workers and their collective organisations in Higher Education.
Tracing the neglect of lakes in New Zealand's freshwater politics
Authors: McFarlane Kiely , Šunde Charlotte
Published: March 2022

This article examines the material, social and legal drivers of contemporary lake politics in Aotearoa New Zealand through semi‐structured interviews with freshwater experts. Despite the rise of freshwater as a mainstream political issue, we find that lakes receive limited attention in a national discourse dominated by rivers and streams. We elaborate how the slow accumulation of environmental changes in lakes, a history of reactive legislation, variability in regional governance and social disconnection from lakes collectively contribute to a ‘politics of neglect’. We suggest pathways towards a revitalised lake politics that draws attention to the health and values of diverse waterbodies.
EstomatoNet: A 5‐year experience of an oral medicine telediagnosis service
Authors: Roxo‐Gonçalves Michelle , da Silva Santos Ingrid , Lucas de Oliveira Guattini Verônica , Domingues Martins Manoela , Trevizani Martins Marco Antônio , Goulart Molina‐Bastos Cynthia , Rodrigues Gonçalves Marcelo , Coelho Carrard Vinicius
Published: March 2022

Objective

EstomatoNet is an online service driven by primary health care professionals to support diagnosis and decision‐making for oral lesions. This study aimed to describe the experience of the service, depicting use cases and its impact on the referral to specialised services.

Materials and methods

Patient/applicant demographics and information related to their oral lesions and/or complaints were retrieved from the service's cloud‐based platform. The differential diagnosis provided by the applicants, their level of satisfaction and the teleconsultant's opinion in terms of diagnosis and management were also reported. The teleconsultant's suggestion was cross‐referenced with the data from the regulation system to verify the avoidance of referral.

Results

Out of 2,002 teleconsultations, most patients were women (55.1%) and 50.1% were aged between 20 and 59 years. Applicants (96.5%) generally considered the service very satisfying/satisfying. Potentially malignant disorders were reported in 19.6% of cases and 7.7% were suspected to be malignant. The referral of 37.3% of patients was avoided after the suggestion of keeping the patient in the primary health care system (k = 0.234; p < 0.001; 62.2% agreement).

Conclusion

The use of EstomatoNet for oral mucosal lesions improves support for primary health care professionals in the management of lesions and reduces referral to specialised services.
Autism‐friendly eyecare: Developing recommendations for service providers based on the experiences of autistic adults
Authors: Parmar Ketan R. , Porter Catherine S. , Dickinson Christine M. , Baimbridge Peter , Pelham James , Gowen Emma
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Autistic people face significant barriers when accessing healthcare services. Eye examinations present unique challenges. Accessibility of this healthcare sector for autistic people has not been investigated previously. The aim of this research was to investigate eye examination accessibility for autistic adults and produce recommendations for autism‐friendly eyecare.

Methods

Two qualitative studies were conducted. In Study 1, 18 autistic adults took part in focus groups to elicit their eye examination experiences. Transcripts of the recorded discussions were thematically analysed. Study 1 findings were used to design autism‐friendly eye examinations for autistic adults. These were conducted in Study 2. Twenty‐four autistic adults participated in these examinations, during which they were interviewed about their experience and how it might be improved by reasonable modifications. Audio recordings of the interviews were content analysed.

Results

Knowledge of what to expect, in advance of the eye examination, could greatly reduce anxiety. Participants liked the logical structure of the examination, and the interesting instrumentation used. However, the examination and practice environment did include sensory challenges, due to lights, sound and touch. Changes in practice layout, and interacting with multiple staff members, was anxiety provoking. Participants expressed a need for thorough explanations from the optometrist that outlined the significance of each test, and what the patient was expected to do.

Conclusion

A number of accessiblity barriers were identified. These suggested that UK eye examinations are not very accessible for autistic adults. Barriers began at the point of booking the appointment and continued through to the dispensing of spectacles. These caused anxiety and stress for this population, but could be reduced with easy‐to‐implement adaptations. Based on the findings, recommendations are presented here for the whole eyecare team which suggest how more autism‐friendly eye examinations can be provided.
The PGS1 basic helix‐loop‐helix protein regulates Fl3 to impact seed growth and grain yield in cereals
Authors: Guo Xiaojiang , Fu Yuxin , Lee Yuh‐Ru Julie , Chern Mawsheng , Li Maolian , Cheng Mengping , Dong Huixue , Yuan Zhongwei , Gui Lixuan , Yin Junjie , Qing Hai , Zhang Chengbi , Pu Zhien , Liu Yujiao , Li Weitao , Li Wei , Qi Pengfei , Chen Guoyue , Jiang Qiantao , Ma Jian , Chen Xuewei , Wei Yuming , Zheng Youliang , Wu Yongrui , Liu Bo , Wang Jirui
Published: March 2022

Plant transcription factors (TFs), such as basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) and AT‐rich zinc‐binding proteins (PLATZ), play critical roles in regulating the expression of developmental genes in cereals. We identified the bHLH protein TaPGS1 (T. aestivum Positive Regulator of Grain Size 1) specifically expressed in the seeds at 5–20 days post‐anthesis in wheat. TaPGS1 was ectopically overexpressed (OE) in wheat and rice, leading to increased grain weight (up to 13.81% in wheat and 18.55% in rice lines) and grain size. Carbohydrate and total protein levels also increased. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the starch granules in the endosperm of TaPGS1 OE wheat and rice lines were smaller and tightly embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. Furthermore, TaPGS1 was bound directly to the E‐box motif at the promoter of the PLATZ TF genes TaFl3 and OsFl3 and positively regulated their expression in wheat and rice. In rice, the OsFl3 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout lines showed reduced average thousand‐grain weight, grain width, and grain length in rice. Our results reveal that TaPGS1 functions as a valuable trait‐associated gene for improving cereal grain yield.