bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Physical Activity on Metabolic Syndrome Markers in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Amin Mohammed , Kerr Debra , Atiase Yacoba , Aldwikat Rami Kamel , Driscoll Andrea
Published: May 2023

People with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are reported to have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which increases their risk of cardiovascular events. Our aim was to determine the effect of physical activity (PA) on metabolic syndrome markers in people with T2DM. The study design was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of PA on MetS in adults with T2DM. Relevant databases including SPORTdiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SocINDEX were searched up to August 2022. Primary endpoints were changes in MetS markers (blood pressure, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood sugar, and waist circumference) after an exercise intervention. Using a random effect model with 95% confidence interval (CI), the mean difference between intervention groups and control groups were calculated. Twenty-six articles were included in the review. Overall, aerobic exercise had a significant effect on waist circumference (Mean Difference: −0.34 cm, 95% CI: −0.84, −0.05; effect size: 2.29, I2 = 10.78%). The effect sizes on blood pressure, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood sugar were not statistically significant. No significant differences were found between exercise and control group following resistance training. Our findings suggest that aerobic exercise can improve waist circumference in people with T2DM and MetS. However, both aerobic and resistance exercise produced no significant difference in the remaining MetS markers. Larger and higher-quality studies are required to determine the full effects of PA on MetS markers in this population.
Does Coal Consumption Control Policy Synergistically Control Emissions and Energy Intensity?
Authors: Huangfu Jianhua , Zhao Wenjuan , Yu Lei
Published: May 2023

The coal consumption constraint policy (CCCP) serves a crucial role in the maintenance of environmental and economic sustainability for China. However, it is debatable whether the CCCP reduces emissions and energy intensity. The present study explores the impact and realization pathways of the CCCP on energy and emissions intensity at the city level from 2005 to 2019 using a time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) and structural equation model (SEM) approach. We find that the CCCP can control emissions and energy intensity synergistically. Particularly, the CCCP has significantly reduced SO2 and CO2 emission intensity and energy intensity by 0.1283%, 0.0747%, and 0.2493%, respectively. Moreover, the CCCP can effectively reduce emissions intensity through industrial restructuring, and technology advancement is the only effective way to reduce energy intensity. The study provides some valuable suggestions to enable the control of coal consumption.
Eucalyptus Carbon Stock Research in an Integrated Livestock-Forestry System in Brazil
Authors: Morales Marina Moura , Tonini Hélio , Behling Maurel , Hoshide Aaron Kinyu
Published: May 2023

Eucalyptus plantations play an important role in capturing and storing atmospheric carbon, mitigating global climate change. Forest management policies encouraging integrated livestock-forestry systems require quantitative estimates of temporal and spatial patterns of carbon storage for these agricultural systems. This study quantified the effects of eucalyptus management and arrangement on carbon stock dynamics in integrated livestock-forestry (ILF) systems versus monoculture eucalyptus plantings. Arrangement and management resulted in equal storage of carbon in both monoculture and ILF systems (34.7 kg per tree). Both factors are important to better understand how forest species in integrated systems stock carbon and how this can compensate for other agricultural system components, such as cattle. The extent to which ILF systems offset beef cattle (Nellore) emissions was determined by estimating changes in carbon stock over time for Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis, clone H13, under three scenarios (S) of wood use. These scenarios were (S1) tree growth without thinning, (S2) trees used for biomass energy without thinning, and (S3) 50% of trees used for biomass energy at five years old and 50% of trees used for both timber and energy after eight years, considering the full life cycle of eucalyptus. The S1 and S3 systems can stock 510 and 73 metric tons (t) of CO2 ha−1, respectively, while S2 emits 115 t CO2 ha−1 of biogenic carbon.
Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas—The Case of the Vršac Mountains Outstanding Natural Landscape, Vojvodina Province (Northern Serbia)
Authors: Trišić Igor , Nechita Florin , Ristić Vladica , Štetić Snežana , Maksin Marija , Atudorei Ioana Anisa
Published: May 2023

The sustainable development of tourism in protected areas and the planning of its development is extremely important for mountain regions. The local population and tourists have a very important role in this process. Therefore, surveys of the local population and visitor satisfaction represent the basis of this research. The Vršac Mountains Outstanding Natural Landscape (ONL) could represent a significant destination for sustainable tourism. This mountainous area is characterized by a favorable geographical position, a diversity of natural and social factors, rare flora and fauna, and the rich ethno-social heritage of the local population. It is in a very favorable geographical position, and the proximity of the big cities Serbia and Romania, as well as many other factors, are important for tourism development in this area. A quantitative methodology was used for the purposes of this paper during our research. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of tourism development on the satisfaction of residents and visitors of the ONL by applying a survey technique, with the help of a questionnaire as a research instrument. A total of 1419 respondents were surveyed (789 residents and 630 visitors). The research results show that the ecological and socio-cultural dimensions of sustainability have the greatest importance for the respondents, and that these two dimensions of sustainability have the greatest impact on sustainable tourism in this protected area. Our main research hypothesis, which states that sustainable tourism has a positive impact on the satisfaction of residents and visitors, is fully confirmed. These data could be significant for tourism planning and the management of protected areas.
Exploring the Influence of Environmental Investment on Multinational Enterprises’ Performance from the Sustainability and Marketability Efficiency Perspectives
Authors: Mao Hsiao-Yen , Lu Wen-Min , Shieh Hsin-Yen
Published: May 2023

Sustainable development strategies are necessary to ensure sustainable performance even though resources are scarce in a firm. In this study, a two-stage production process is designed to analyze a firm’s performance, including sustainability and marketability, using a two-stage network data envelopment analysis. This process will help managers of a firm understand how to improve sustainability and marketability efficiency. The relationship between environmental investment and firm performance is also investigated using truncated regression. The results show that the environmental innovation score (EIS) and resource use score (RUS) have significant negative relationships with firm performance in the short term due to the fact of additional expenses incurred during the innovative research and development of new products and services. Moreover, the study reveals that the emission score positively affects both sustainability efficiency and marketability efficiency, while EIS and RUS have no effects on the efficiencies. These empirical findings are meant to assist managers in better comprehending the characteristics of business sustainability across industries with varying scales and performance levels, offer better business strategies for resource allocation, and enhance a firm’s performance in the post-pandemic era.
Green Space Quality Analysis Using Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Rustamov Jaloliddin , Rustamov Zahiriddin , Zaki Nazar
Published: May 2023

Green space is any green infrastructure consisting of vegetation. Green space is linked with improving mental and physical health, providing opportunities for social interactions and physical activities, and aiding the environment. The quality of green space refers to the condition of the green space. Past machine learning-based studies have emphasized that littering, lack of maintenance, and dirtiness negatively impact the perceived quality of green space. These methods assess green spaces and their qualities without considering the human perception of green spaces. Domain-based methods, on the other hand, are labour-intensive, time-consuming, and challenging to apply to large-scale areas. This research proposes to build, evaluate, and deploy a machine learning methodology for assessing the quality of green space at a human-perception level using transfer learning on pre-trained models. The results indicated that the developed models achieved high scores across six performance metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, Cohen’s Kappa, and Average ROC-AUC. Moreover, the models were evaluated for their file size and inference time to ensure practical implementation and usage. The research also implemented Grad-CAM as means of evaluating the learning performance of the models using heat maps. The best-performing model, ResNet50, achieved 98.98% accuracy, 98.98% precision, 98.98% recall, 99.00% F1-score, a Cohen’s Kappa score of 0.98, and an Average ROC-AUC of 1.00. The ResNet50 model has a relatively moderate file size and was the second quickest to predict. Grad-CAM visualizations show that ResNet50 can precisely identify areas most important for its learning. Finally, the ResNet50 model was deployed on the Streamlit cloud-based platform as an interactive web application.
Carbon Footprint Analysis of the Freight Transport Sector Using a Multi-Region Input–Output Model (MRIO) from 2000 to 2014: Evidence from Industrial Countries
Authors: Abbood Kadhim , Meszaros Ferenc
Published: May 2023

Freight transportation performs a critical role in the supply networks of the global economy and is heavily influenced by the activities of the industrial and manufacturing sectors, contributing significantly to their global carbon footprint (CFP). This research evaluates the lifecycle-based CFP emissions of freight transport activities in seven selected countries (China, Japan, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Great Britain, and Germany) over fifteen years, considering international trade linkages with the rest of the world. In the literature, most researchers have investigated the CFP of the transportation sector in general or analyzed the CFP of two or three countries, such as the USA and China. However, this research is novel in that it examines the CFP of the freight transport sectors of the seven biggest industrial countries. In addition, a positive relationship was found between the CFP and the gross domestic product (GDP), population, level of urbanization, and area of these countries. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between global CFP, GDP, population, level of urbanization, and country area. A total of 15 stochastic model-based multi-regional input–output lifecycle assessments were built for each country, comprising 35 key industries. Statistical modeling tools were used to assess carbon emissions. The results show that China is the largest contributor to the freight-related CFP, while the U.S. is the second largest. The manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products represents the dominant sector. In contrast, warehousing and support activities have the most significant contributions in Germany and Great Britain. Land transport and transport via pipelines contribute the most to Canada’s CFP. The results of the regression analysis show that there is a positive relationship between the investigated variables.
Out of the Box: Exploring Cardboard Returnability in Nanostore Supply Chains
Authors: Hidalgo-Carvajal David , Gutierrez-Franco Edgar , Mejia-Argueta Christopher , Suntura-Escobar Helen
Published: May 2023

Packaging plays an important role in the movement and distribution of products along the supply chain by safely ensuring proper product delivery, achieving economies of scale through standardization, and serving as a selling tool. Packaging presents associated high economic and environmental costs for transportation, picking, handling, storing, and returning products. Considering the high demand for paper and cardboard worldwide and the projected increase during the next decade, there is a latent need to prevent and reduce the possible waste from packaging. The return of cardboard boxes used for packaging to the product suppliers could be a feasible solution to tackle this issue; however, it seems to be a disposable cost that companies assume when delivering products to highly fragmented markets. This research intends to understand the role that nanostores play in affecting whether or not cardboard packages are returned after receiving the products from suppliers and how likely shopkeepers are to support closing the loops in the current supply chain system. A survey with 27 questions related to recycling, reusing, reselling, returning, and waste was designed and applied to three hundred thirty-seven shopkeepers in two stages. The data was analyzed through plot analysis and descriptive statistical methods. The results show that some dynamic drivers and intervention schemes may increase the current returnability rate of packaging (11%) to the level of reuse rates (75% in these small, family-owned retailers). We found that thicker cardboard packages foster reuse and recycling rates. Based on the results, we propose that startups close the gap to trigger returnability and recycling while the government develops regulations to support these initiatives.
High-Energy Synthesis Gases from Waste as Energy Source for Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Chríbik Andrej , Polóni Marián , Majkút Andrej , Écsi Ladislav , Gulan Ladislav
Published: May 2023

The aim of the presented article is to analyse the influence of the composition of synthesis gases with mass lower heating values in the range from 12 to 20 MJ/kg on the performance, economic, and internal parameters of an atmospheric two-cylinder spark-ignition combustion engine suitable for a micro-generation unit. The analysed performance parameter was the torque. The economic parameters analysed were the hourly fuel consumption and the engine’s effective efficiency. The analysed internal parameters of the engine were the indicated mean effective pressure, the pressure profiles in the cylinder, the course of the maximum pressure in the cylinder, and the course of the burning-out of the fuel in the cylinder. The analysed synthesis gases were produced by thermo-chemical processes from waste containing combustible components (methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide) as well as inert gases (carbon dioxide and nitrogen). Higher hydrocarbons, which may be present in a synthesis gas, were not considered in this contribution because of their easy liquefaction at higher pressures in pressure bottles. A total of ten gases were analysed, all of which fall into the category of high-energy synthesis gases. The measured data from the operation of the combustion engine running on the examined gases were compared with the reference fuel methane. The measured results show a decrease in the performance parameters and an increase in the hourly fuel consumption for all operating loads. Specifically, at the engine speed of 1500 rpm, the drop in performance parameters was in the range from 9% to 24%. The performance parameters were directly proportional to the lower volumetric heating value of the stoichiometric mixture of gases with air. The rising fuel consumption proportionally matched the increase in the mass proportion of fuel in the stoichiometric mixture with air. The effective efficiency of the engine varied from 27.4% to 31.3% for different gas compositions, compared to 31.6% for methane. The conclusive results indicate that the proportion of hydrogen, methane and inert gases in the stoichiometric mixture of synthesis gases with air has the greatest influence on the course of fuel burning-out. The article points to the potential of energy recovery from waste by transforming waste into high-energy synthesis gases and their use in cogeneration.
Entanglement and Fidelity: Statics and Dynamics
Authors: Sacramento Pedro D.
Published: May 2023

Herein, aspects of entanglement and fidelity and their use in condensed matter systems are briefly reviewed. Both static and time-dependent situations are considered. Different signatures of phases and phase transitions are discussed, including the dynamic aspects of the evolution across a critical point. Some emphasis is placed on the use of entanglement in phase transitions with no clear order parameters and no symmetry breaking.
A Study of the Impact of Executive Power and Employee Stock Ownership Plans on Corporate Cost Stickiness: Evidence from China A-Share Non-Financial Listed Companies
Authors: Zhai Dongxue , Zhao Xuefeng , Bai Yanfei , Wu Delin
Published: May 2023

It is of great value to study the stickiness of enterprise cost for reducing enterprise cost and improving enterprise performance. This paper selected all A-share non-financial listed companies from 2014 to 2019 to study the impact of executive power and employee stock ownership plans on cost stickiness. The study found that the higher the executive power, the stronger the cost stickiness of the enterprise. By reducing the adjustment costs and optimistic expectations of management and improving the performance sensitivity of executive compensation and quality of information disclosure, an employee stock ownership plan plays a role in suppressing the cost-stickiness effect of executive power. The larger the scale and the more times the employee stock ownership plan is implemented, the stronger the inhibition effect is. An employee stock ownership plan has a stronger inhibiting effect on the cost-stickiness effect of executive power in enterprises with a large proportion of state-owned and institutional shares and high employee status. Combining the research themes of management accounting and financial accounting, this study discusses the economic consequences of ESOP from the perspective of enterprise cost control, which is helpful for internal and external stakeholders of enterprises to understand the characteristics and effects of ESOP in the new era, and also provides new evidence for enterprise cost control while enlightening policy makers and listed companies to explore the feasible mechanism of enterprise cost control from the staff level. It is of great value to study the stickiness of enterprise cost for reducing enterprise cost and improving enterprise performance. This paper selected all A-share non-financial listed companies from 2014 to 2019 to study the impact of executive power and an employee stock ownership plan on cost stickiness. It is found that the higher the executive power, the stronger the cost stickiness. An employee stock ownership plan has a stronger inhibiting effect on the cost-stickiness effect of executive power in enterprises with a large proportion of state-owned and institutional shares and high employee status. This study provides new evidence for corporate cost control.
COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy among Youths in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Muthoni Jelioth , Otwombe Kennedy , Thaele Dineo , Choge Isaac , Steenberg Bent , Cutland Clare , Madhi Shabir A. , Sokani Andile , Myburgh Nellie
Published: May 2023

In combatting COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), immunization is the most prominent strategy. However, vaccination hesitancy—meaning delays in accepting or denying inoculation regardless of availability—has been identified as an essential threat to global health. Attitudes and perceptions play a pivotal role in vaccine acceptability. Meanwhile, uptake in South Africa’s rollout has been particularly disappointing among youths. For that reason, we explored attitudes and perceptions of COVID-19 in 380 youths in Soweto and Thembelihle, South Africa, between April and June 2022. A staggering hesitancy rate of 79.2 percent was recorded (301/380). We found negative attitudes and confounded perceptions of COVID-19 to be fueled by medical mistrust and misinformation, with online channels as the main sources of non- and counterfactual claims stemming mostly from unregulated social media popular with youths. Understanding its underpinnings—and enhancing means of curbing vaccine hesitancy—will be paramount in boosting uptake in South Africa’s immunization program, particularly among youths.
Potential of Nucleic Acid Receptor Ligands to Improve Vaccination Efficacy against the Filarial Nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis
Authors: Scheunemann Johanna F. , Risch Frederic , Reichwald Julia J. , Lenz Benjamin , Neumann Anna-Lena , Garbe Stephan , Frohberger Stefan J. , Koschel Marianne , Ajendra Jesuthas , Rothe Maximilian , Latz Eicke , Coch Christoph , Hartmann Gunther , Schumak Beatrix , Hoerauf Achim , Hübner Marc P.
Published: May 2023

More than two-hundred-million people are infected with filariae worldwide. However, there is no vaccine available that confers long-lasting protection against filarial infections. Previous studies indicated that vaccination with irradiated infective L3 larvae reduces the worm load. This present study investigated whether the additional activation of cytosolic nucleic acid receptors as an adjuvant improves the efficacy of vaccination with irradiated L3 larvae of the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis with the aim of identifying novel vaccination strategies for filarial infections. Subcutaneous injection of irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA resulted in neutrophil recruitment to the skin, accompanied by higher IP-10/CXCL10 and IFN-β RNA levels. To investigate the impact on parasite clearance, BALB/c mice received three subcutaneous injections in 2-week intervals with irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA prior to the challenge infection. Vaccination with irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA led to a markedly greater reduction in adult-worm counts by 73% and 57%, respectively, compared to the immunization with irradiated L3 larvae alone (45%). In conclusion, activation of nucleic acid-sensing immune receptors boosts the protective immune response against L. sigmodontis and nucleic acid-receptor agonists as vaccine adjuvants represent a promising novel strategy to improve the efficacy of vaccines against filariae and potentially other helminths.
Derivation of Sustainable Reference Chemical Levels for the Protection of Italian Freshwater Ecosystems
Authors: Onorati Fulvio , Tornambé Andrea , Paina Andrea , Bellucci Micol , Chiaretti Gianluca , Catalano Barbara
Published: May 2023

The current environmental quality standards (EQSs) for freshwater ecosystems have been established in relation to the priority substances covered by Directive 2013/39/EU. The procedure for deriving EQSs that rely on the selection of the most sensitive toxicological data, with the application of arbitrary safety factors, is probably unrealistic for the Italian freshwater ecosystem. In this work, a procedure for the evaluation of specific sensitivity of 13 taxonomic groups from bacteria to amphibians and the derivation of protective chemical reference values specifically for the Italian aquatic communities was developed. Toxicological raw data of species belonging to the same taxonomic group spending at least one phase of their life cycle in Italian freshwater ecosystems were downloaded from EnviroTox and USEPA ECOTOX databases, aggregated, and then used as input for the model called Species Sensitivity Distribution in order to estimate the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs). The comparison of relative sensitivity factors (RFSs) made it possible to identify the amphibians as the most sensitive group toward metals, trace elements, and pesticides, whereas crustacean were identified as the most sensitive group toward towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PNECs were estimated to cover 62 substances, of which 37 identified by Directive 2013/39/EU, and in most of the cases, the values were higher than EQSs. The PNECs reported in this work should be considered more realistic and tailored for Italian freshwater ecosystems, having significant repercussions in the classification of water bodies and the estimation of environmental impact assessment.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Deteksi Dini Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sipahutar Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Tahun 2022
Authors: Ujung Riance , Nainggolan Dimpu Rismawaty
Published: May 2023

Early detection of danger signs and symptoms during pregnancy is the best effort to prevent serious disruption to pregnancy or the safety of pregnant women. Predisposing factors and the presence of comorbidities should also be recognized early on so that maximum efforts can be made to prevent serious disturbances to both pregnancy and the safety of the mother and the baby she is carrying. Community service activities in the form of providing health education on Early Detection of Danger Signs in Pregnancy were carried out to 76 pregnant women in 6 Classes of Pregnant Women in the Sipahutar Health Center Work Area, namely Siabal-abal Villages I, II, III, V and VI, Tapian Nauli II, Nihuta Fighting I, II and III. The activities carried out were pretest, health education, history taking and checking for signs of danger in pregnancy, namely blood pressure, temperature, fetal movement, edema, urine protein and post test. Based on the results of the pre and post test, it can be seen that there is an increase in the number of pregnant women who have good knowledge from 6 (7.90%) pregnant women at the time of the pre test to 31 people (40.79%), with sufficient knowledge of 49 people (64.47%). ) to 37 people (48.68%), while the number of pregnant women with less knowledge of pregnant women at the time of the pre test was 21 people (27.63%) at the time of the post test to 8 people (10.53%). From the examination of the danger signs in pregnancy, it was found that the results of high blood pressure were 3 people (3.95%). The activity went well and smoothly. Expected to pregnant women to always be aware of all risks of pregnancy complications by actively conducting early detection of any complications that will occur during pregnancy. In addition, pregnant women are also expected to take advantage of the Maternal and Child Health (KIA) book, in which the book also provides various kinds of danger signs of pregnancy that can occur in pregnant women.
Littérature et nationalité
Authors: Margarido Alfredo
Published: May 2023

La définition des limites entre littérature nationale naissante et littérature métropolitaine produite en Afrique n’a pas été, et n’est toujours pas, facile à établir. Elle est encore plus délicate dans le contexte des anciennes colonies portugaises où la place des «petits-blancs» et des métis dans la génèse des nationalismes n’a pas été mince. Elle devient explosive dans le cas d’un pays à l’idéologie jacobine et au discours marxiste-léniniste où l’existence d’un assez grand nombre de groupes ethniques se voit niée notamment par une alphabétisation et une production littéraire exclusivement portugaise.
Campfire ou alliance impie : conservation par le profit local
Authors: Murombedzi James c.
Published: May 2023

Le programme CAMPFIRE mis en œuvre au Zimbabwe s’efforce de dépasser les oppositions par le renforcement des responsabilités des communautés locales. Les résistances sont toujours fortes, y compris de la part des administrations locales, et les ambiguïtés liées aux problèmes fonciers, aux conceptions du développement local, à la propriété commune de la faune font que les objectifs de gestion renouvelée des ressources et de participation des villages sont difficilement atteints.
Conservation des sols, initiatives villageoises et coopération au Burkina
Authors: Albarran Francie , Ouedrago Saïdou
Published: May 2023

Différents villages du Passoré affectés par une érosion croissante ont été le théâtre d’une action concertée de conservation associant les villageois, les autorités locales et des mouvements associatifs burkinabés et français. Le récit du déroulement de ce programme montre comment il a été possible d’aider les populations à mobiliser ses forces et ses moyens pour réaliser un ensemble de travaux de conservation des sols. Les conditions semblent réunies pour que ce programme se pérennise et contribue par effet de contagion, à limiter l’exode rural.
Perspective historique
Authors: Coquet Bruno , Daniel Jean-Marc
Published: May 2023

L’historique des volontés de réforme de la Zone franc n’est pas véritablement à même d’éclairer la logique de la récente dévaluation du F CFA. En revanche un regard critique sur les principes et les objectifs fondateurs de la Zone au temps de l’empire colonial français, et de son maintien après les indépendances, est plus fertile. En retraçant des rivalités de relations économiques internationales, elle permet de mieux comprendre les ressorts de la dévaluation.
Sur l’inconvertibilité du F CFA au Cameroun.
Authors: Herrera Javier
Published: May 2023

The inconvertibility of CFA F in the cameroon.

The measures concerning the inconvertibility of the CFA franc banknotes as well as the devaluation of the CFA Franc have greatly disturbed informal transfrontier exchanges between Nigeria and Cameroon but have not stopped them for all that. New circuits were devised constantly and original strategies were displayed by traders in order to bypass measures, even to take advantage from them. Some kind of commercial new balance is about to be reached but one cannot foresee whether it will be maintained so much the Nigerian conjuncture matters for the future of the CFA zone.
Contradictions de l’intégration régionale en Afrique centrale
Authors: Hibou Béatrice
Published: May 2023

Après la dévaluation du FCFA, la conjugaison de la «doctrine Balladur», des dissensions intentes à la BEAC, des réformes fiscales et douanières et de la déliquescence des États et des administrations rend irréalistes les projets d’intégration régionale. En revanche, les tendances à la disparition de la BEAC et de l’UDEAC s’en trouvent accrues. Néanmoins, la force des relations clientélistes, la peur d’un éclatement de la zone et l’ambiguïté de la politique africaine de la France limitent ce risque.
Un ajustement improbable...
Authors: Mbok Eric bertin
Published: May 2023

Si la dévaluation s’imposait au regard de la seule logique économique, elle risque cependant d’aggraver une situation économique déjà bien compromise. La structure des économies locales ne permet pas une réaction positive à la modification de parité, les enjeux économiques s’étant déplacés pour se situer désormais au niveau de la survie d’un secteur formel digne de ce nom.
L’évolution de la société rurale mauritanienne. Le pari de la sécurité alimentaire
Authors: Bonte Pierre
Published: May 2023

Le monde rural mauritanien a été longtemps négligé dans les perspectives de développement du pays. La crise climatique évoluant en crise écologique profonde sous l’effet de facteurs anthropiques a suscité de nouveaux investissements. Ceux-ci se sont orientés vers un objectif d’auto-suffisance alimentaire qui privilégie la production céréalière. Les résultats obtenus, essentiellement du fût des investissements privés dans le secteur irrigué, restent fragiles. Le monde rural évolue par ailleurs rapidement, dans le cadre d’un marché national qui se constitue, sans que l’exode rural n’aboutisse ici à une accentuation des écarts entre secteur moderne et secteur rural.
Les politiciens dans les entreprises en Côte-d’Ivoire : investisseurs ou courtiers ?
Authors: Fauré Yves-André
Published: May 2023

Le capital privé ivoirien est très présent dans la propriété des entreprises en Côte-d’Ivoire. S’il se caractérise par sa dispersion, il est néanmoins concentré sur les services et le commerce. Mais une étude approfondie montre que les hommes politiques sont massivement présents dans le secteur primaire et les services, confirmant le phénomène de chevauchement observé ailleurs.
Se battre et survivre : la folie à Kuito
Authors: Maier Karl
Published: May 2023

To fight for survival : Kuito madness.

In the town of Kuito which has been besieged for months , cut off from the outside world and finally provided with supplies thanks to a humanitarian flight, the struggles between both armies also include fights over goods which have become essential for the soldiers.
Paix et guerre chez les pasteurs Kuvale. Lettre de Vitivi
Authors: Carvalho Ruy Duarte de
Published: May 2023

Peace and war at the Kuvale pastoralists. Vitivfs letter.

Exceptionally, the Herero pastoralists’ territory was spared by the war and they even increased their livestock wealth. If they have a remote perception of Angola, they are nevertheless not cut off from politics or war. Their situation is the consequence of the alliance they formed with the MPLA at the time of independence against a common ennemy, UNITA they identified as the organization of the northern people that had been raiding them for a long time. The alliance remained, the MPLA choosing their activists among their chiefs and relying on its youth for the recruitment of its army.
La Fondation Alexandre de Humboldt et l’Afrique
Authors: Toulabor Comi Molevo
Published: May 2023

Die Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung und Afrika.

Die Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung ist eine Stiftung mit wissenschaftlichem Charakter, die postdoktorale Stipendien an junge Forscher unter 40 Jahren aus der ganzen Welt vergibt. Die Auswahl geeigneter Kandidaten erfolgt dabei nach strengen Kriterien. Afrikanische Wissenschaftler, insbesondere aus den französischsprachigen Ländern, sind nur in geringem Masse vertreten, zumal der Grossteil von ihnen nach dem Abschluss ihrer Forschungsarbateiten in ihr Heimatland zuruckkehrt. Trotz grosser Bemühungen der Stiftung, sich in Afrika einen Namen zu verschaffen, bleibt sie grossenteils noch unbekannt.
État et sécurité en Afrique
Authors: Bangoura Dominique
Published: May 2023

L’État en Afrique apparaît de plus en plus souvent comme un facteur d’insécurité, soit en raison d’un usage excessif du monopole de la violence physique soit en relation avec son intervention dans le jeu économique ou par l’effet de la répression des forces politiques adverses.

Il s’agit donc de repenser l'exercice du monopole de la violence physique en réorganisant les armées et les forces de l'ordre. Il convient également de mieux distinguer État et pouvoir politique pour ménager un espace étatique autonome et réduire la prétention à un monopole étatique, mais en fait politique, de la vérité.

Cette réforme de l’État permettrait d'échapper à une vision pessimiste et autoriserait le jeu des revendications et des contestations sans le risque de l’éclatement des formations sociales. Elle permettrait enfin de mieux répondre aux besoins de sécurité physique, morale, économique et sociale exprimés par les Africains.
Les embarras d’Antananarivo ou l’économie politique des trottoirs
Authors: Spindler Marc R.
Published: May 2023

«traffic jams in antananarivo or the political economy of the streets».

The material condition of the streets of Antananarivo, Madagascar, is briefly assessed. On this scene, three types of developments are studied by way of observation and in-depth analysis : the social side of the natural alternation of day and night, with the problem of urban crime ; the big times of historical protest when masses took to the streets ; the explosion of the informal sector in production and trade. The street reveals the tensions and passions of society and the weakness of the state.
Maneno wa siasa, les mots du politique en Tanzanie
Authors: Crozon Ariel
Published: May 2023

En Tanzanie, le kiswahili a largement contribué à la construction d’une identité nationale et à la diffusion de l’idéologie ujamaa dans les années 60 et 70. Les transformations politiques récentes (abandon de la politique ujamaa et adoption du multipartisme) se sont accompagnées d’un renouvellement du vocabulaire politique qui expriment les transformations sociales en cours. Le kiswahili s’adapte parce que cette langue est un outil valorisé par les Tanzaniens. Dire, mais surtout bien dire, contribue à la performance du discours comme le montre l’utilisation de la poésie en politique.
L’ethnicité en Afrique : l’implosion de la «question nationale» après la décolonisation
Authors: Moffa Claudio
Published: May 2023

L’auteur se propose de retourner à l’analyse de la question de l’ethnicité (voire la question nationale) en Afrique par le biais d’une étude des conséquences pratiques d’une politique axée sur la différence ethnique. Reprenant l’argumentation de John Lonsdale, qu’il conteste vigoureusement, Moffa cherche à démontrer l’importance d’une analyse marxiste «non réductrice» du phénomène ethnique en Afrique.
Grand commerce féminin, hiérarchies et solidarités en Afrique de l’Ouest
Authors: Humarau Béatrice
Published: May 2023

En Afrique de l’Ouest, les grandes négociantes sont les figures de proue du commerce féminin urbain. Toujours actrices et souvent leaders des structures associatives et des réseaux commerçants, elles défendent leurs intérêts en utilisant des registres autres que ceux purement économiques, au cours des stratégies qu’elles mettent en œuvre pour initier, sécuriser ou renforcer leurs activités commerciales. Leur prestige résulte de leur capacité à recruter, notamment sur les places de marché, une clientèle.

Bénéficiant de diverses complicités dans les sphères du pouvoir, de l’administration et du monde marchand, elles exercent une influence politique primordiale. Au cours de ces interactions, elles mettent en scène et instrumentalisent leur identité féminine, afin d’accéder à des positions de pouvoir. Toutefois, hormis le cas des femmes chefs traditionnels des villes yoruba, leur autorité politique s’institutionnalise difficilement.
Un tribunal pour quoi faire ? Le Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda et la poursuite des crimes contre l’humanité
Authors: Getti Pierre
Published: May 2023

A court : what for ? The international court and the crimes against humanity.

Created in November 1 994, the International Court in Rwanda (Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda, TPIRJ has not yet judged any criminal charged for genocide. This paper will examine three essential themes necessary to understand the main difficulties encountered by the Court. First, is the organization and working of the Court adapted to judge those responsible for the genocide ? Second, is the criminal policy of the Court consistent with its defined goals and how efficient are its investigative methods ? Third, is the International community really involved in the punishment of criminals and does it effectively counter the laws which provide impunity ?
Constitutionnalisme et démocratie au Kenya, 1990-1997
Authors: Kibwana Kivutha
Published: May 2023

Contrairement aux autres pays est-africains, les espoirs de démocratisation se sont focalisés au Kenya sur le constitutionnalisme et ces revendications de contre-pouvoirs constitutionnels sont restés tout au long des années 90 au cœur du débat politique. Le professeur Kibwana, leader du combat pour la garantie des droits politiques, retrace l’histoire de ce mouvement social et réfléchit à la portée de cette forme d’action politique.
Commerce international : le nouvel ordre des plus forts
Authors: Blein Roger
Published: May 2023

International trade : the biggest's new order.

Africa’s share in the international trade has been decreasing from the end of the 70’s. In the same time the international trade as a whole was sharply increasing. A number of structural explanations can be identified. However it is clear that the international policies of trade liberalism and the aid for trade’ motto, have been contributing to a large extent to this marginalisation of Africa.
L’âge humanitaire : de la solidarité à la globalisation
Authors: Hours Bernard
Published: May 2023

Depuis les années 80, l’idéologie humanitaire s’est progressivement imposée au point non plus de compléter mais bien de remplacer l’idéologie du développement désormais agonisante, parvenant ainsi à conquérir le marché de la générosité. A la différence de cette dernière, elle ne cherche pas tant à combler des écarts qu’à gérer les exclus du capitalisme mondial dérégulé qu’ils soient proches ou lointains. L’idéologie humanitaire en jouant sur l’émotion plutôt que sur la raison conduit à produire un consen¬ sus entretenu par tout un battage médiatique qui en fait l’antithèse de l’humanisme et contribue à la production d’un totalitarisme démocratique.
Clinical, para-clinical features and the morphology of the facial nerve in parotid gland tumor patients indicated for surgery
Authors: Nguyen Van Minh , Tran Thi Thuy Nhien
Published: May 2023

Background: Tumors of parotid gland are common of maxillofacial pathology. Parotid gland tumors show a high morphological heterogeneity and presents with diagnostic and surgical challenges. Therefore, investigation of clinical, para-clinical features of parotid gland tumor and the morphology of the facial nerve is very important for surgery and preventing the facial palsy.

Objective: Evaluate clinical, para-clinical features and the morphology of the facial nerve in parotid salivary tumor patients indicated for surgery.

Materials and Methods: 31 patients with parotid gland tumor who were examined at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy from May 2020 to March 2021 were recorded about clinical, paraclinical and the facial nerve branching patterns in surgical treatments of parotid tumors.

Results: Male cases were in the majority (58.1%), the mean age of patients was 51.5 ± 12.5. Slow progressively swelling was the common presenting complaint. Majority of the tumor size in CT scanner were between 2 and 4 cm (61.3%) and in the superficial lobe (80.0%).All are benign tumors and Whartin tumor is the most common type (38.7%). In all 27 patients were exposed the VII nerve, the facial nerve consisted of one trunk separated into two divisions. In 12 patients with identified type of facial nerve branching, type IV (41.7%) were the most common type.

Conclusion: Clinical and para-clinical were valuable for diagnosis. Facial nerve variations assessement can prevent the consequences of facial nerve injury after parotid surgery.

Key words: parotid gland tumor, parotidectomy, facial nerve morphology.
Study on the expression of CK7, CK20 and other immunohistochemical markers for diagnosis of malignant tumours
Authors: Tran Nam Dong , Nguyen Van Mao , Le Thi Thu Thao , Vo Thi Hanh Thao , Tran Thi Hoang Lien
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Cancer is malignant disease, one of the leading cause of deadth at the global level. The determination of origin of tumors is really essential for not only prognosis but also effective treatment orientation for cancerous patients.

Objective: Defining histopathological types of malignant epithelial tumors and determining the origin of tumors by CK7, CK20 and other immunohistochemical markers.

Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study of 50 patients diagnosed carcinoma and CK7, CK20 and other immunohistochemical markers stain at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from January, 2020 to December, 2020.

Results: The results of histopathological types: lymph node metastatic carcinoma took up the highest percentage (30%), followed by lung cancer, hepatocellular cell carcinoma, gastric cancer and other organs with 28%, 18%, 10% and 2% respectively. The value of expression of CK7, CK20 and other immunohistochemical markers in differentiated diagnosis of the origin of tumors: CK7, CK20 positive 46%, 12% respectively. The combination of expression of CK7 and CK20: the co-expression of CK7 and CK20 with positive and negative was 2%, 44% respectively; the expression of CK7 positive and CK20 negative and vice versa was 44% and 10% respectively. CKAE1/3 with TTF1 (11/19), P63 (7/14), CEA (6/6), Ki-67 (13/2) and CK19 (10/6) had high positive percentage.

Conclusion: Lymph node metastatic carcinoma was one of the most popular histopathological type. There was a statistically significant relationship between the expression of CK7 and CK20. The use of CK7, CK20 and other immunohistochemical markers can assist pathologists in determining exactly the origin of malignant tumors.

Key words: carcinoma, CK7/CK20, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, metastasis.
Characteristics of scleral blood vessels by eye observation method of traditional medicine in patients with neck and shoulder pain
Authors: Doan Van Minh , Nguyen Thi Kim Lien , Nguyen Quang Tam , Vo Thi Minh Nguyet , Truong Huu Thien Tri , Nguyen Van Hung , Nguyen Thi Huong Lam
Published: May 2023

Background: Eye observation is an unusual diagnostic method of inspection, through observation the characteristics of blood vessels in the sclera. Objective: To survey the clinical characteristics and features of color and shape of scleral blood vessels at 12 o’clock position in patients with neck and shoulder pain.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 147 patients who were diagnosed with neck and shoulder pain at Thua Thien Hue Traditional Medicine Hospital.

Results: The symptoms of the tongue and pulse: pale red tongue accounted for 42.2%, enlarged tongue 44.9%, white fur 83.0%, thin fur 63.3%, slippery fur 44.2%; sunken pulse 93.9%, moderate pulse 72.1%, replete pulse 73.5%. About scleral blood vessels: bright red 47.6% at the right eye (RE) and 44.9% at the left eye (LE); winding shape 61.9% (RE) and 57.1% (LE); branched shape 66.7% (RE) and 60.5% (LE).

Conclusions: The symptoms of high rate were pale red tongue, enlarged tongue, white fur, thin fur, slippery fur, sunken pulse, moderate pulse and replete pulse. The characteristics of scleral blood vessels that appeared with highest frequency in both eyes were bright red, winding shape and branched shape.

Key words: blood vessels, eye observation, neck and shoulder pain, traditional medicine
Value of multi-detector computed tomography in the diagnosis of blunt bowel and mesenteric injuries
Authors: Dau Le Thuy , Hoang Thi Quyen , Nguyen Quoc Huy , Ho Khanh Duy , Pham Minh Dung
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of MDCT in detecting and predicting blunt bowel and mesenteric injuries.

Materials and methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 66 patients (54 males, 12 females, average age of 45.5 years) who underwent laparotomy at Nghe An Friendship General Hospital between April 2020 and August 2021 with a diagnosis of bowel and/or mesenteric injuries in blunt abdominal trauma. All of these patients had a contrast-enhanced MDCT prior to surgery. All CT findings were documented and calculated for their diagnostic performance compared to surgical outcomes.

Results: The most common finding was mesenteric infiltration (75.8%), followed by bowel wall thickening (63.6%). Bowel wall discontinuity had the highest specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. The most sensitive signs were free air 81.6%, mesenteric infiltration 79.7%. The specificity of bowel hypoenhancement and mesenteric vessel abnormalities were highest at 92.3% and 98.1%, respectively. Bowel wall thickening, bowel wall hypoenhancement, mesenteric vessel abnormalities, and free air had strongest association with blunt bowel and/or mesenteric injury requiring surgery (OR = 5.7, 51, 68 and 14.4, respectively).

Conclusion: The multi-detector computed tomography provides high-specificity important findings indicating bowel and mesenteric injuries necessitating surgery.

Key words: bowel and mesenteric injury, gastrointestinal tract injury, blunt abdominal trauma, computed tomography.