bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis Comparing Bifurcation Techniques for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Park Dae Yong , An Seokyung , Jolly Neeraj , Attanasio Steve , Yadav Neha , Rao Sunil , Vij Aviral
Published: June 2022

Background

Bifurcation lesions account for 20% of all percutaneous coronary interventions and represent a complex subset which are associated with lower procedural success and higher rates of restenosis. The ideal bifurcation technique, however, remains elusive.

Methods and Results

Extensive search of the literature was performed to pull data from randomized clinical trials that met predetermined inclusion criteria. Conventional meta‐analysis produced pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% CI of 2‐stent technique versus provisional stent on prespecified outcomes. Both frequentist and Bayesian network meta‐analyses were performed to compare bifurcation techniques. A total of 8318 patients were included from 29 randomized clinical trials. Conventional meta‐analysis showed no significant differences in all‐cause mortality, cardiac death, major adverse cardiac events, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularization, and target vessel revascularization between 2‐stent techniques and provisional stenting. Frequentist network meta‐analysis revealed that double kissing crush was associated with lower cardiac death (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38–0.84), major adverse cardiac events (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.39–0.64), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39–0.90), stent thrombosis (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28–0.88), target lesion revascularization, and target vessel revascularization when compared with provisional stenting. Double kissing crush was also superior to other 2‐stent techniques, including T‐stent or T and protrusion, dedicated bifurcation stent, and culotte.

Conclusions

Double kissing crush was associated with lower risk of cardiac death, major adverse cardiac events, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularization, and target vessel revascularization compared with provisional stenting and was superior to other 2‐stent techniques. Superiority of 2‐stent strategy over provisional stenting was observed in subgroup meta‐analysis stratified to side branch lesion length ≥10 mm.
Nursing Care of the Acute Ischemic Stroke Endovascular Thrombectomy Patient
Authors: Hill Michelle , Baumann JJ , Newcommon Nancy
Published: June 2022

Nurses are an integral part of the multidisciplinary team caring for a patient eligible for endovascular thrombectomy. Their care includes obtaining health history, performing clinical assessments, using critical thinking to anticipate the care path, and communicating findings to other team members. The prehospital and emergency department nurses utilize stroke severity scales to identify a possible thrombectomy candidate and help expedite intervention. In the interventional laboratory, nursing collaborates with radiology technologists and interventionalists to ensure patient safety and monitor for intraprocedural complications. Post-procedure, the intensive care nurse delivers complex care to ensure optimal neurological outcome and assess for postprocedural complications. Nursing is essential in every phase of care along with collaboration with other disciplines.
Revision of the New Zealand species of the Genus Pselaphaulax Reitter (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Pselaphitae: Pselaphini)
Authors: OWENS BRITTANY E. , CARLTON CHRISTOPHER E.
Published: June 2022

In New Zealand, the genus Pselaphaulax Reitter is represented by thirteen species. Six new species are described: Pselaphaulax hornabrooki Owens and Carlton, sp. nov.; Pselaphaulax intermedius Owens and Carlton, sp. nov., Pselaphaulax nunni Owens and Carlton, sp. nov.; Pselaphaulax pelorus Owens and Carlton, sp. nov.; Pselaphaulax ramsayi Owens and Carlton, sp. nov.; and Pselaphaulax tararua Owens and Carlton, sp. nov. Pselaphus trifoveatus Broun, 1914 is synonymized under Pselaphus pilifrons Broun, 1914 syn. nov. and is transferred to Pselaphaulax comb. nov. Two species, Pselaphus pilistriatus Broun, 1880 and Pselaphus fuscopilus Broun, 1886 are synonymized under Pselaphus pauper Sharp syn. nov., which is also transferred to Pselaphaulax comb. nov. Pselaphus meliusculus Broun, 1893 is also transferred to Pselaphaulax comb. nov. Lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for the Broun and Sharp species. Distributional maps and line drawings of diagnostic characters for each species are provided. A regional checklist and key are provided to species of the genus that occur in New Zealand.
A new genus Socifera gen. nov. of Argyresthiidae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea) from Hainan Island, China
Authors: LIU TENGTENG , LI HOUHUN
Published: June 2022

A new genus Socifera gen. nov. of Argyresthiidae is established. The diagnostic characters against Argyresthia Hübner, [1825] are listed. Socifera is endemic to Hainan, a tropical island in southern China. The type species Socifera asymmetra Liu & Li, sp. nov. is described. The adult, venation, abdominal structures, male and female genitalia are illustrated.
Two-Way Teleconnections between the Southern Ocean and the Tropical Pacific via a Dynamic Feedback
Authors: Dong Yue , Armour Kyle C. , Battisti David S. , Blanchard-Wrigglesworth Edward
Published: June 2022

Despite substantial global mean warming, surface cooling has occurred in both the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean and the Southern Ocean over the past 40 years, influencing both regional climates and estimates of Earth’s climate sensitivity to rising greenhouse gases. While a tropical influence on the extratropics has been extensively studied in the literature, here we demonstrate that the teleconnection works in the other direction as well, with the southeast Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean exerting a strong influence on the tropical eastern Pacific. Using a slab ocean model, we find that the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) response to an imposed Southern Ocean surface heat flux forcing is sensitive to the longitudinal location of that forcing, suggesting an atmospheric pathway associated with regional dynamics rather than reflecting a zonal-mean energetic constraint. The transient response shows that an imposed Southern Ocean cooling in the southeast Pacific sector first propagates into the tropics by mean-wind advection. Once tropical Pacific SSTs are perturbed, they then drive remote changes to atmospheric circulation in the extratropics that further enhance both Southern Ocean and tropical cooling. These results suggest a mutually interactive two-way teleconnection between the Southern Ocean and tropical Pacific through atmospheric circulations, and highlight potential impacts on the tropics from the extratropical climate changes over the instrumental record and in the future.
Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor Treatment and Survival Outcome Depends on Facility Type
Authors: Platoff Rebecca M. , Lou Johanna , Bush Kathryn , Zhu Clara , Spitz Elizabeth , Gaughan John P. , Atabek Umur , Spitz Francis , Hong Young K
Published: June 2022

Background

Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNETs) are rare cancers for which surgery may improve survival. We aim to determine if facility type affects treatment and survival outcomes.

Methods

The NCDB was queried for patients with gNET from 2004-2016 and stratified into Academic/Research Program (ARP), Community Cancer Program (CCP), Comprehensive Community Cancer Program (CCCP), or Integrated Network Cancer Program (INCP). Overall survival along with clinical and demographic features was compared.

Results

Median survival was improved in patients treated at an academic program: 137.3 months versus 88.0, 96.3, and 100.2 for CCP, CCCP, INCP, respectively (P < .0001). Patients treated at academic centers were more likely to have surgery (64.2% vs 59.1%, 57.5%, 51.4%, P < .0001). After propensity matching for age, race, grade, stage, insurance status, and comorbidity score, survival benefit from treatment at an academic center remained (P = .03), particularly for patients undergoing surgery (P < .0001) and chemotherapy (P = .04).

Conclusion

Patients with gNET treated at an academic hospital had improved median survival after propensity matching and may benefit from treatment at academic rather than community medical centers.
Adherence to the American Cancer Society Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline According to Chart Review: A Nested Retrospective Cohort Pilot Study
Authors: Salley Jordan R. , Day Andrew T. , Balachandra Sanjana , Mehr Joshua , Sumer Baran D. , Sher David J. , Mayfield Arnold Elizabeth , Danphuong Ho Esther , Lee Simon Craddock , Eary Rebecca
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to explore adherence to the American Cancer Society (ACS) Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) Survivorship Care Guideline and their outlined 33 recommendations among posttreatment HNC survivors.

Methods:

A bi-institutional, retrospective, nested cohort study of mucosal or salivary gland HNC survivors diagnosed in 2018 was designed. Guideline adherence was assessed via retrospective chart review between 0 and 13 months after completion of oncologic treatment according to 4 categories: (1) problem assessed, (2) problem diagnosed, (3) management offered; (4) problem treated. Adherence was defined as meeting a recommendation subcategory at least once over the 13-month period.

Results:

Among 60 randomly selected HNC survivors, a total of 38 were included in the final cohort after exclusion of individuals with ineligible cancers and those who died or were lost to follow-up over the study period. Approximately 95% of HNC survivors were assessed for HNC recurrence and screened for lung cancer. Certain common problems such as xerostomia, dysphagia, and hypothyroidism were screened for and managed in ≥70% of eligible survivors. Conversely, screening for other second primary cancers and assessment of a majority of other physical and psychosocial harms occurred in <70% of survivors, and in many cases none to a slim minority of survivors (eg, sleep apnea and sleep disturbance, body and self-image concerns). Only 5% of survivors received a survivorship care plan.

Conclusion:

Overall adherence to the ACS HNC Survivorship Care Guideline in early posttreatment survivors was suboptimal. Interventions are needed to better implement and operationalize these guideline recommendations.
Systematic Review of Slide Tracheoplasty Outcomes
Authors: Zalzal Habib G. , Behzadpour Hengameh K. , Leonard James , Sinha Pranava , Preciado Diego A.
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To identify factors predicting success in slide tracheoplasty surgery at a regional children’s hospital and compare with available published literature.

Measures:

Retrospective chart review comparing demographics (age, weight) and clinical (operative and hospital course, need for additional airway intervention) factors experienced with slide tracheoplasty. Findings were compared with a systematic review of published literature.

Results:

Of the 16 tracheal stenosis patients in our cohort, 13 (81.3%) presented with an additional congenital or cardiovascular anomaly. When adjusted for cardiovascular anomalies, congenital tracheal stenosis patients had a mean age of 5.2 months (range 6 days-17 months), mean weight of 5.04 kg, and average ICU and hospital length of stay of 31.5 and 36.0 days, respectively. Tracheostomy was required for 4 patients and no early deaths were recorded. Of the 391 children in the grouped cohort, mean age and weight was older at 7.67 months and larger at 5.70 kg. Length of stay in both ICU and overall hospital course was 31.6 and 43.5 days, respectively. Mortality etiology for 44 patients was reported: 17 (38.6%) cardiac-related and 28 (63.6%) late mortalities. Our overall calculated mortality risk of 1.26 ( P < .05) was lower than reported ratios of 2.0+.

Conclusion:

Despite the numerous institutional studies involving tracheal stenosis, mortality and surgical challenges remain high. Future studies with the inclusion of specific perioperative data can prove to further evaluate correlations between presentation characteristics and mortality.
Development of a High-Fidelity, 3D Printed Otoplasty Surgical Simulator
Authors: Witsberger Chelsey A. , Michaels Ross , Monovoukas Demetri , Cin Mitchell , Zugris Nicholas V. , Nourmohammadi Zahra , Zopf David A.
Published: June 2022

Importance:

Prominotia has functional and esthetic impact for the child and family and proficiency in otoplasty requires experiential rehearsal.

Objectives:

To design and validate an anatomically accurate, 3D printed prominotia simulator for rehearsal of otoplasties.

Methods:

A 3D prominotia model was designed from a computed tomographic (CT) scan and edited in 3-matic software. Negative molds were 3D printed and filled with silicone. Expert surgeons performed an otoplasty procedure on these simulators and provided Likert-based feedback.

Results:

Six expert surgeons with a mean of 14.3 years of practice evaluated physical qualities, realism, performance, and value of the simulator. The simulator was rated on a scale of 1 (no value) to 5 (great value) and scored 3.83 as a training tool, 3.83 as a competency evaluation tool, and 4 as a rehearsal tool.

Conclusions:

Expert validation rated the otoplasty simulator highly in physical qualities, realism, performance, and value. With minor modifications, this model demonstrates valuable educational potential.
From Reactionary to Revelatory: CSR Reporting in Response to the Global Refugee Crisis
Authors: Cooper Katherine R. , Wang Rong
Published: June 2022

Refugee concerns may be perceived as controversial or outside the business domain, yet some corporations publicly engage these issues in corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. This article relies on institutional and constitutive approaches to CSR to explore why organizations might declare their engagement in refugee issues, and utilizes decoupling to explore the relationship between reported CSR policy and CSR activity. We utilize a mixed-method, content analysis approach to draw on Fortune Global 500 CSR reports between 2012 and 2019, a period in which refugee activity increased around the world. Our research suggests that few corporations offer refugee programming and fewer still feature programs that are “coupled” with either CSR policies or impacts. We introduce a typology that depicts these corporations as reactionary, recurring, relevant, or revelatory, and offer constitutive implications for CSR programming in response to other emerging social issues.
Pediatric School Outreach: Clinical Needs of an Urban Student Population
Authors: Ng Pamela M. L. , Cohen-Silver Justine , Yang Heather , Swaminathan Aparna , Wormsbecker Anne E.
Published: June 2022

Pediatric School Outreach (PSO) is a school-based health center (SBHC) in an urban elementary school in Toronto, Canada. PSO focuses on developmental, behavioral, mental health, and educational concerns. A retrospective chart review aimed to characterize demographics, diagnoses, and referrals of patients attending PSO. Of 137 children, ages 2 to 15 years, 73.7% were male; 58.1% had a household annual income of <$30 000 CAD. Possible or confirmed diagnoses included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (48.5%), learning disability (35.6%), anxiety (22.0%), autism spectrum disorder (16.7%), oppositional defiant disorder (14.4%), and expressive language delay (11.4%). Involvement of community mental health and other agencies was advised in 37.9% of cases. Psychoeducational testing was recommended for 25.0% of patients. Results suggest the need for timely developmental testing, particularly for autism spectrum disorder, and accessible learning disability diagnostic support. There is potential for expansion of interprofessional care at PSO, including psychology, psychiatry, social work, and behavior therapy.
Private Versus Public Incarceration: Incarcerated Individuals’ Experiences and Perceptions of Environmental Quality
Authors: Montes Andrea N. , Cochran Joshua C. , Anderson Claudia N.
Published: June 2022

Propensity score matching and regression analyses of the National Inmate Survey are used to examine individuals’ experiences and perceptions of environmental quality in public versus private prisons across key domains of prison life, with an emphasis on needs, behaviors, victimization, and attitudes. No differences are identified for women. Males in private prisons are more likely than men in public prisons to perceive there to be inadequate staffing and are less likely to report maintaining ties with people outside of prison. Men in private prisons are also less likely to report crowding to be an issue. We discuss implications for evaluating a central tenet of privatization: that the quality of private prisons be comparable to, or better than, that of public prisons.
“The Perfect Aryan Housewife”: Intersection of Extremist Violence and Violence Against Women
Authors: Scaptura Maria N. , Hayes Brittany E. , Gruenewald Jeff , Parkin William S. , Protas Michelle E.
Published: June 2022

Despite rhetoric on the association between violence against women and extremist violence, little empirical work has examined the intersection of these forms of violence. Relying on open-source data from the Extremist Crime Database, we examine how these forms of violence intersect in terms of a strained dominant masculinity. Among the 54 extremist offenders with documented histories of violence against women, extremist offenders committed familicides ( n = 23), or violence against women as a precursor to extremist violence ( n = 25). For a small minority of offenders ( n = 6), these forms of violence intersected in a form of settling scores against women and minoritized groups.
Got Assistance? Profit-Driven Criminal Careers and Assisted Desistance
Authors: Ouellet Frédéric , Dubois Marie-Ève
Published: June 2022

Research on assisted desistance has not considered the influence of criminal-involvement factors on the receptivity to assistance. Although most crimes committed are motivated by the prospect of gain, current knowledge on desistance from lucrative offending is still rudimentary. The purpose of this study was to examine the assistance in the desistance process of 27 individuals having committed profit-driven crimes. First, based on life story narratives, the acknowledgment of assistance was explored. Then, how and when this assistance arose in participants’ lives was studied. Results demonstrate the value of the assisted desistance framework in understanding desistance. Other findings include the fact that assistance may take many forms and may arise at various phases in the process of desistance.
The Big Five Personality and Perception of the Career Barriers of Male Prisoners: Moderated Mediating Effect Models
Authors: Wang Peng , Wu Xiaojie , Wang Jun , Sun Yu , Yang Shuqi , Shi Huimin , He Zixin
Published: June 2022

Prisoners’ employment has received widespread attention from society. In this study, based on career construction theory and social cognitive career theory, 300 male prisoners were selected as the research sample, and questionnaires were used for data collection. The results show that in the relationships between extroversion, openness, neuroticism, and perception of career barriers, and prisoners’ career adaptability plays a mediating role. When extroversion, openness, and neuroticism are predictor variables, the socioeconomic status of prisoners plays a moderating role in the predictive effect of career adaptability on the perception of career barriers. Specifically, compared with individuals with low and medium socioeconomic statuses, the negative effect of career adaptability on the perception of career barriers was stronger at high socioeconomic status levels.
Over Diagnosed or Over Looked? The Effect of Age at Time of School Entry on Students Receiving Special Education Services
Authors: Shapiro Anna
Published: June 2022

There is growing evidence that school starting age impacts children's likelihood of receiving special education services, but less is known about variations in this effect. Using a regression discontinuity design, I found that the youngest students in a kindergarten cohort are 40% more likely ( p < .001) to be placed in special education than are the oldest students, and that this effect persists through eighth grade. I found little evidence of heterogeneity by gender, race, or socioeconomic status, but some suggestive evidence that the effect is particularly great for White boys in early grades and for Black girls in the later elementary grades. I also found exploratory evidence that this effect is largest in schools with kindergarten cohorts that vary widely in age. These findings add new evidence to support policies to reduce age-induced bias in early special education placements, particularly those that address variation in this effect across students and schools.
Conceptualizing business logistics as an ‘apparatus of security’ and its implications for management and organizational inquiry
Authors: Fleming Peter , Godfrey Richard , Lilley Simon
Published: June 2022

Global commodity capitalism necessitates the fast and efficient movement of all manner of entities across the globe. Importantly, this commercial flow needs to be secured against the undocumented and unregulated flow of illegitimate people, finance and information, counterfeits, drugs, terror and other undesirables. The organizational practices of business logistics are central for achieving this objective. Yet they have received little attention in management and organization studies to date. We suggest a fruitful avenue is via Foucault’s notion of ‘biopower’ – particularly his less discussed concept (in management studies, at least) of an apparatus of security. This is useful for understanding the emergent organizational/management practices of security in the border spaces in which business logistics operate. If ‘Society Must Be Defended’, as Foucault ironically notes in his famous lecture series that introduces biopower, then so too must contemporary organizations and their net-like activities within the global economy.
Hikikomori and modern-type depression in Italy: A new phenotypical trans-cultural characterization?
Authors: Orsolini Laura , Bellagamba Silvia , Volpe Umberto , Kato Takahiro A.
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Hikikomori is a Japanese term etymologically derived from ‘ hiku’ (i.e. ‘ to pull back’) and ‘ komoru’ (i.e. ‘ seclude oneself’), which identifies those subjects who deliberately withdraw themselves by social life, remaining confined into their own home/room. The phenomenon is widely diffused in Japan, even though it is currently spread outside the Japanese culture. However, a universally shared and cross-cultural adaptation of Hikikomori definition, phenomenological and psychopathological characterization is still missing.

Methodology:

An expert-guided opinion paper was here provided to clinical characterize the Hikikomori-like social withdrawal in the Italian context, by considering the transformation from a family-based society to a ‘fluid’ digital-structured culture, also discussing the concept of modern-type depression. This was provided deepening the principal current studies available in literature and giving an interpretation based on clinical experience in the Italian society. The work was supervised through a consensus by the most international expert of Japanese Hikikomori syndrome.

Results:

Current individual, family and social trajectories may potentially act as a mediator in favouring the occurrence of Hikikomori-like social withdrawal also in western countries, including Italy. Despite the differences between Japanese and Italian society and culture, the recent shaping of family structure and intra-familial dynamics, typical of the current post-modern society, may potentially influence the emergence of psychopathologies not typical of Italian culture. Unemployment and ‘Not in Employment Education or Training’ (NEET) conditions may represent another potential risk factor for economical/social marginalization of youngsters, together with the recent dramatic emergence of web-based psychopathologies.

Conclusion:

A diagnostic culturally-adapted flow-chart is proposed for clinical characterizing Hikikomori in Italian context, which may help in proposing preventive strategies, ensuring early identification and prompt therapeutic interventions, particularly among youngsters.
Matrix Vesicle–Mediated Mineralization and Potential Applications
Authors: Iwayama T. , Bhongsatiern P. , Takedachi M. , Murakami S.
Published: June 2022

Hard tissues, including the bones and teeth, are a fundamental part of the body, and their formation and homeostasis are critically regulated by matrix vesicle–mediated mineralization. Matrix vesicles have been studied for 50 y since they were first observed using electron microscopy. However, research progress has been hampered by various technical barriers. Recently, there have been great advancements in our understanding of the intracellular biosynthesis of matrix vesicles. Mitochondria and lysosomes are now considered key players in matrix vesicle formation. The involvement of mitophagy, mitochondrial-derived vesicles, and mitochondria–lysosome interaction have been suggested as potential detailed mechanisms of the intracellular pathway of matrix vesicles. Their main secretion pathway may be exocytosis, in addition to the traditionally understood mechanism of budding from the outer plasma membrane. This basic knowledge of matrix vesicles should be strengthened by novel nano-level microscopic technologies, together with basic cell biologies, such as autophagy and interorganelle interactions. In the field of tissue regeneration, extracellular vesicles such as exosomes are gaining interest as promising tools in cell-free bone and periodontal regenerative therapy. Matrix vesicles, which are recognized as a special type of extracellular vesicles, could be another potential alternative. In this review, we outline the recent significant progress in the process of matrix vesicle–mediated mineralization and the potential clinical applications of matrix vesicles for tissue regeneration.
Co-ethnic bias and policing in an electoral authoritarian regime: Experimental evidence from Uganda
Authors: Curtice Travis
Published: June 2022

Why do people cooperate with police in multi-ethnic societies? For scholars of comparative politics and international relations, examining the effects of ethnicity on patterns of conflict, cooperation, and state repression remains a foundational endeavor. Studies show individuals who share ethnicity are more likely to cooperate to provide public goods. Yet we do not know whether co-ethnic cooperation extends to the provision of law and order and, if so, why people might cooperate more with co-ethnic police officers. In the context of policing, I theorize co-ethnic bias affects interactions between people and the police because individuals prefer officers who share their ethnicity and fear repression more when encountering non-co-ethnic officers. Using a conjoint experiment in Uganda, I demonstrate that individuals prefer reporting crimes to co-ethnic officers, even after controlling for potential confounders. Broadly, this result is strongest among individuals with no trust in the police, the courts, or the political authorities. These findings have important implications for the politics of policing, conflict, and social order.
Practice—Not Task Difficulty—Mediated the Focus of Attention Effect on a Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff Task
Authors: Yamada Masahiro , Lohse Keith R. , Rhea Christopher K. , Schmitz Randy J. , Raisbeck Louisa D.
Published: June 2022

External focus (attention to the movement effect) has been found effective in motor performance and learning. However, while some investigators have suggested that the effect of attentional focus varies with task difficulty, others reported external focus benefits regardless of difficulty. We hypothesized that attentional focus effects would vary with practice, due to changes in the individual’s processing efficiency. We had three 20-person participant groups (external focus instructions, internal focus instructions, control) practice three difficulty levels of a Fitts reciprocal tapping task over two days. Participants in the external/internal focus groups were instructed to “mentally focus on moving the pen/your hand as fast and accurately as possible,” while control participants were instructed to “mentally focus only on doing your best to achieve the task goal.” We then analyzed the effect of attentional focus by task difficulty at the initial performance (the beginning of the practice) and after learning (the retention/transfer phase), using movement time (MT) and number of error taps (Err) as performance measures. The internal focus group made more errors than the control group only at the retention/transfer phase. We found no error differences between the external and internal focus groups, and there were no MT differences between any groups. Our primary hypothesis about the differential effect of attentional focus by practice was supported. The attentional focus effect on Err differed in the retention/transfer phase from the immediate phase, suggesting that practice mediated the attentional focus effect. We discuss how information theory may supplement understanding of attentional focus interventions in motor skill acquisition.
The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Mobile Phone Addiction Among Mainland Chinese Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liang Yipei , Huang Haitao , Ding Yueming , Zhang Yiming , Lu Guangli , Chen Chaoran
Published: June 2022

In recent years, the problem of mobile phone addiction (MPA) has become increasingly serious among mainland Chinese adolescents. Studies have found that self-esteem may be related to MPA, but the conclusions are inconsistent. Consequently, this meta-analysis aims to explore the real relationship between self-esteem and MPA, and analyze the moderator variables. The relevant studies used in meta-analysis were obtained by searching China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Data, Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd. (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline and Embase. Then articles were screened and coded, and statistical analysis was carried out by Stata 16.0 software. A total of 45,765 participants from 64 articles were included in the research. Meta-analysis showed that there was a moderate negative correlation between self-esteem and MPA( r = −.25, 95% CI = −.29, −.21). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis showed that the age and publication time can significantly moderate the relationship between self-esteem and MPA, but MPA measurement instrument, gender, region and publication type have no significant moderating effect. The current meta-analysis provided solid evidence that self-esteem was negatively correlated with MPA. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causality between them, so as to make more specific practice and policy recommendations.
The effect of direct-acting antiviral regimens and telemedicine on the treatment of inmates with hepatitis C virus infection in Israeli prisons
Authors: Richter Vered , Goldstein Liav , Cohen Daniel L , Bermont Anton , Zelnik Yovel Dana , Madar Miriam , Rabinovitch Ron , Shirin Haim , Broide Efrat
Published: June 2022

Background

Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens and telemedicine services are both options for treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) within the prison setting. We aimed to compare factors associated with HCV treatment success over the past decade in Israeli prisons, specifically the influence of DAAs and telemedicine.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of inmates with HCV infection in Israeli prisons from 2010 through 2020. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded, including treatment regimens and success rates.

Results

A total of 273 inmates were treated; mean age 45 ± 9.36 years; 98.2% males; 63.9% with a history of drug abuse. Advanced fibrosis was documented in 42.9%. The most common genotypes were 1 (46%) followed by 3 (40.7%). Interferon-based regimens were given to 68 inmates between 2010 and 2017. DAA agents were introduced in 2016, with pan-genotype regimens being exclusively used since 2019. Telemedicine services were used in 140 patients (51.3%), starting in February 2019. The sustained viral response (SVR) rate with interferon-based therapy was 78.8% and 98.8% with DAA treatment, giving an overall SVR of 93.2%. This difference between regimens proved to be the only statistically significant predictor of treatment success. The number of prisoners being treated with DAAs increased exponentially after telemedicine was introduced. Comparable SVR rates were achieved with either in-person or telemedicine consultation.

Conclusion

Screening of this high-risk population and using telemedicine for treatment may be an effective strategy for the elimination of HCV from the prison population.
Production-based solution for interactive healthcare apparels: biomedical applications for topical wound healing
Authors: Cheung Tin Wai , Fu Ying , Li Li
Published: June 2022

Chitosan, which is a naturally occurring polysaccharide, is known to be a promising component with effective antimicrobial and interactive wound healing properties. However, limitations in the conventional spinning process have restricted the production of chitosan textiles for the development of wound repairing apparels, bedsheets and other textile-based wound care products. Therefore, in scholarly circles, the study of wound healing has mainly focused on nonwoven fabrics and limited attention has been paid to the alleviation of wound conditions on a daily basis by applying chitosan knitted textiles.

This study serves as a pilot study associating chitosan knitted fabrics with an interactive wound healing function. Chitosan/cotton blended yarns with different chitosan ratios (5/95 chitosan/cotton and 10/90 chitosan/cotton) were initially spun using the anti-static spinning process and knitted fabrics were made with these yarns. Biological studies, which include an in vitro cell study of dermal repair and animal study of wound healing, were conducted. Significant wound healing ability could be shown even when the yarns consisted of low chitosan ratios. It is believed that the study could provide a new production-based solution for the development of interactive wound healing materials as well as realize the concept of manufacturing topical wound repairing apparel.
Water conservation in garment bleaching using aerosol technology
Authors: Wahab Abdul , Hussain Tanveer , Ashraf Munir
Published: June 2022

Bleaching is one of the most highly polluting textile wet processes. High water and chemical consumption, and high volume of the resulting effluent, have huge implications for the environment. In this study, an aerosol process has been compared with the conventional process for bleaching of textile socks. In the conventional bleaching process, socks are immersed into a rotating drum filled with water to ensure uniform application of chemicals, while in the aerosol bleaching process, compressed air was mixed with the chemical solution to generate a cloud of bleaching reagents inside the rotating drum of the exhaust processing machine, using the minimum amount of water. The results show comparable whiteness results of the bleached socks, with up to 75% water saved in the aerosol beaching process as compared to the conventional bleaching process. Due to lower water consumption, the overall chemical consumption is also significantly reduced. Citric acid and silicone softener consumption of the process were reduced by 28% and 60%, respectively. The aerosol technology can be retrofitted on existing conventional machines with minimal initial investment and shows immense potential for reduction in water and chemical consumption and harmful impacts on the environment. This study aimed to align developments in the textile and apparel industry with sustainable development goals #6, 12, and 14, which are clean water and sanitation, responsible consumption and production, and life below water, respectively.
Attachment Neuroscience and Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Nonviolence Philosophy: Implications for the 21st Century and Beyond
Authors: Thomas Dorneshia L. , Stavros George S. , Sandage Steven J. , Berg-Cross Linda , Nichols Edwin J.
Published: June 2022

This article focuses on the psychology of principled nonviolent activism, specifically ideas associated with Martin Luther King, Jr.’s philosophy of nonviolence and how they are compatible with attachment theory and related areas of modern neuroscience (e.g., attachment/social neuroscience and interpersonal neurobiology). The proposed Kingian Neuro-Relational Theory (KNRT) recognizes King as having a relational development approach to social justice. KNRT offers a way of understanding King’s ideas to aid research and develop strategies for reducing many forms of societal violence, with eventual outcomes of improving mental and physical health via stress reduction, and subsequent creation of a more socially just world. KNRT is an integrative, multidisciplinary approach, incorporating the philosophy of nonviolence, attachment theory, social neuroscience, ecological systems theory, and personalistic philosophy. The theory highlights developmental and clinical implications of moving beyond tactical/pragmatic nonviolent activism (nonviolent direct action) to activism via embracing nonviolence as a principled way of life (nonviolent daily interactions). This theory is building on an earlier project that conveyed how King’s philosophy of nonviolence is related to modern–day diversity and inclusion efforts.
Black Love, Activism, and Community (BLAC): The BLAC Model of Healing and Resilience
Authors: Turner Erlanger A. , Harrell Shelly P. , Bryant-Davis Thema
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article is to describe the Black Love, Activism, and Community (BLAC) model of healing and resilience. The assumption of the BLAC model is that Black activism is inspired and sustained by love and community. Building on empirical research, liberation psychology, and African-centered psychology, the BLAC model identifies four culturally grounded domains of resilience (relationships, spirituality, identity, and active expression) that are hypothesized to serve as protective factors. These domains are also postulated to be critical components of culturally centered healing practices. Within the context of anti-Black racism, it is important to understand how activism can mitigate mental health outcomes among Black activists. The BLAC model also describes culturally centered intervention approaches for healing and wellness. Finally, applications of the BLAC model are discussed.
Behind Black Women’s Passion: An Examination of Activism Among Black Women in America
Authors: Ross Brianna Z. , DeShields William , Edwards Christopher , Livingston Jonathan N.
Published: June 2022

Black women in America have consistently been at the forefront of almost every civil, political, and cultural activist movement. Within the past two decades, Black women have created movements such as Black Lives Matter, the Black Youth Project 100, the Black Alliance for Just Immigration, Say Her Name, and Black Girls Vote. Considering these trends, there is a need to understand what factors influence Black women’s commitment to activist movements. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to identify factors that contribute to activism among Black women. To do this, 107 Black women from a mid-sized, Southeastern city were sampled for primary data analysis. Regression analyses were used to assess associations between activism, perceived racism, psychological empowerment, and spirituality. The results indicated significant positive relationships between activism, perceived racism, and psychological empowerment; such that perceived racism and psychological empowerment were both significantly related to increases in activism. Contrary to expectations, spirituality and activism were not related in the present study. These results have implications for future researchers, mental health professionals, and policymakers.
Assessing measurement equivalence of PSC-17 across teacher and parent respondents
Authors: Gao Ruiqin , Raygoza Alyssa , Distefano Christine , Greer Fred , Dowdy Erin
Published: June 2022

The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) is a popular screening instrument used by parents and clinicians to assess children's behavioral functioning. However, more schools are examining the potential of the PSC-17 as part of a Multi-Tier System of Support framework. To investigate the potential of the PSC-17 in the schools, a sample of 1,779 U.S. preschool and kindergarten-aged children rated by parents (n = 667) and teachers (n = 1,112) was used to assess the measurement invariance of the PSC-17 across respondent groups. Multiple-group Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported partial scalar invariance for the PSC-17, indicating functional equivalence across teacher and parent respondents. Latent mean testing revealed teachers rated children as exhibiting a lower level of Externalizing Problems relative to parents; however, no significant differences in children's Internalizing Problems and Attention Problems were found between teacher and parent ratings.
Microscopic Over-under Versus Medial Tympanoplasty for Larger Tympanic Membrane Perforations
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Ji Caili , Li Aifeng , Xu Zhenju , Zhang Xiaoheng
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To identify the differences in hearing, anatomical success rate, functional success rate, and complications between over-under tympanoplasty and medial tympanoplasty procedures.

Methods

The clinical data of patients with tympanic membrane perforation repaired by medial tympanoplasty between January 2011 and December 2016 and by over-under tympanoplasty between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated the differences between medial tympanoplasty and over-under tympanoplasty.

Results

The overall success rate of over-under tympanoplasty was higher than that of medial tympanoplasty (90.76% vs 81.31%). In large perforations, the success rate of over-under tympanoplasty was higher than that of medial tympanoplasty (89.80% vs 71.43%). There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate between the two treatment groups for moderate perforations. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P = .2637).

Conclusions

Over-under tympanoplasty is more suitable for large perforations of the tympanic membrane and has a higher success rate as compared to medial tympanoplasty.
Hegemonic meanings of populism: Populism as a signifier in legacy dailies of six countries 2000–2018
Authors: Hatakka Niko , Herkman Juha
Published: June 2022

Populism has become a widely used concept in both academia and the media. The term’s popularity has encouraged scholars to question how it is applied and to theorize on the consequences of its use. However, there is little empirical research on the temporal and cross-country changes in the use of the term in the public sphere. This article analyses the significations given to the terms ‘populism’ and ‘populist’ in six countries’ daily newspapers over a period of nearly two decades. It presents the results of a quantitative content analysis of texts ( N = 3252) published in legacy daily papers in Finland, Sweden, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Turkey in the years 2000–2018. The article shows how the salience, meanings and perceived repercussions of ‘populism’ change over time and vary between the countries. The study reveals how, towards the end of the 2010s, the term is increasingly used in the context of right-wing populism and as a reference to political ideas that are detrimental to democracy. The results are examined in the context of developing academic discussions regarding the effects of ‘populism’ becoming a ubiquitous signifier in the media.
The conflict between national and transnational power: the Russian trap
Authors: Harris Jerry
Published: June 2022

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is a powerful assertion of geopolitical power and conflict. But Russia’s nationalist and expansionary drive takes place within the context of transnational economic ties. Such ties help define the nature of the war, and both the Russian and western response. The contradictory pressures of nationalist desires conflicting with transnational integration is an underappreciated complexity of the war that this article will explore.
In-house low-cost water table prototype to practically analyse the modelling compressible flow in a fluid engineering course
Authors: Armengol Sílvia , Raush Gustavo , Gamez-Montero Pedro J
Published: June 2022

The present work studies the hydro-gasdynamic analogy between a shock wave, occurring in supersonic internal or external compressible flows, and a hydraulic jump, a sort of normal shock occurring in open-channel flows. It consists of an extensive theoretical framework followed by a practical analysis, the aim of which was to experimentally trigger the hydraulic jump, both normal and oblique, while using a low-cost designed lab prototype. The assembly development, called ‘water table’, arises from the necessity of economical alternatives to expensive supersonic wind tunnels in the experimental study of compressible fluid dynamics. With this objective in mind, a hydraulic canal based on a Laval nozzle was constructed where water flow could accelerate from subcritical to critical to supercritical regime and then return to subcritical regime through a hydraulic jump. In addition, multiple design alternatives were evaluated considering environmental, economic, functional and aesthetics factors. A low-cost implementation was the critical criterion in the design process. The measurements have revealed that the geometry of the nozzle and the wedges designed as obstacles to cause obliquity are the most significant and influential elements in the formation of a hydraulic jump in the experimental set-up. Regarding the experimental variables, the experiments demonstrate the effect of the upstream and downstream heights of the hydraulic jump in the data collection. This experience is a step forward in supporting students in the understanding of compressible flow and its principles by providing an in-house experimental set-up that promotes active learning, motivation and interest in fluid mechanics.
Evading Detection: Characteristics of Individuals With Extrafamilial Child Sexual Offences and Long Detection Lags
Authors: Nicol Samuel J. , Ogilvie James , Harris Danielle A. , Kebbell Mark R. , Christie Tony B.
Published: June 2022

Most child sex offending is unreported and undetected. Despite this, most research relies on the characteristics of those frequently detected and arrested. This study aims to address this disparity by examining a group of men convicted of child sexual abuse (CSA) offences with multiple victims and who evaded detection for long periods of time ( n = 170). This sample was compared to a group of men caught quickly for CSA offences against multiple victims ( n = 170). The two groups were compared on demographic, lifestyle, sexual deviancy, and criminogenic measures. Individuals with long detection lags had more child victims, including more pre-pubescent and male victims and commenced their sexual offending at a comparatively earlier age. Additionally, individuals with long detection lags were more likely to be non- Indigenous and to show specialization in their sexual offending. These findings have implications for identifying and managing high harm child sexual offenders who evade detection for long periods.