bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EPIZOOTIC SITUATION OF DIROFILARIASIS OF WILD CARNIVORES OF THE NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS
Authors: Kravchenko V. , Kravchenko G.
Published: May 2022

The North-Western Caucasus is a territory permanently disadvantaged by dirofilariasis
both among domestic cats and dogs, and among wild carnivores. In order to control
and predict dirofilariasis, we conducted parasitological monitoring of 10 species of
wild carnivores living in various landscape-geographical zones of the region from 2015
to 2021. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that out of 10 species of
wild carnivores examined, 8 species were infected to varying degrees with two species
of dirofilaria Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. At the same time, we have
registered both monoinvasias and their associations, including with other types of
helminths. For the first time in the region, Dirofilaria immitis was detected in wolf
and American mink. During the analyzed period, there was a significant increase in
the extent of invasion among various species of wild carnivores from 22.2 to 25.0%.
On average, depending on the species of carnivores and their habitat, the extent
of invasion (EI) of Dirofilaria immitis ranged from 20.8% in forest cats to 46.8% in
jackals, and the intensity of invasion (II) ranged from 4 to 36 specimens. The extent of
Dirofilaria repens invasion ranged from 10.6% in jackals to 15.3% in badgers, and the
intensity of invasion ranged from 1 to 13 specimens.
ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF EGGS AND LARVAE BY THE FEMALE NEMATODE MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Lychagina
Published: May 2022

Root-knod nematode is an endoparasite of the root system. Causes the disease
meloidogynosis and is an important factor in reducing the yield of most crops. The
laboratory is working to maintain a population of the nematode Meloidogynе incognita
in culture for use in experiments on the development of plant protection products.
During laboratory work with meloidogyna, it was noticed that this species reproduces
very hard in winter. For the analysis, data on the collection of eggs and larvae from
2015 to 2021 were summarized. The work includes the results of experiments on
the "pure control" option. Data obtained only from cucumber plants with an initial
invasive background of 100 larvae per 100 g of soil were compared. Egg sacs were
collected under a binocular microscope using two preparatory needles, separated
from the root-knot and transferred to a second Petri dish with water. Hatched larvae
begin to appear after 3 days for two weeks. The larvae were collected from the bottom
of a Petri dish using a pipette. Live larvae were counted. The remaining ootheca was
crushed on a slide and the eggs remaining in them were counted. It was found that in
winter the ootheca contains 5 times fewer eggs compared to summer.
THE METHOD OF CHEMICAL FERMENTATION IN ARTIFICIAL GASTROINTESTINAL JUICE OF ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS LARVOCYST AS A METHOD FOR OBTAINING A URIFIED VIABLE PROTOSCOLEX CULTURE
Authors: Rudneva
Published: May 2022

For the first time in the world, a pure viable culture of E. multilocularis protoscolexes
was isolated by digesting the parasite's larvocysts in artificial gastric juice. The
article describes a unique biological, biochemical method for obtaining a culture
of E. multilocularis protoscolexes purified from the connective and other tissues of
the parasite larvocysts, including dead/immature protoscolexes during isolation.
Methods based on the digestion of tissues in artificial gastric juice (IGF) have
proven themselves well, especially in the laboratory diagnosis of trichinosis. Mixed
with IGS at the rate of 1:10 (1 g of larvocyst fragments per 15 ml of solution) of the
following composition: tap water – 1000 cm3 (temperature 41–42 oC); concentrated
hydrochloric acid (specific gravity 1.2) – 10 cm3; food pepsin – 6.0 g; NaCl – 9.0
g. The developed method guarantees the production of viable protoscolexes of
the parasite. The viability of the isolated protoscolexes was assessed by sediment
microscopy with a 4×10 lens magnification for their integrity, locomotor activity,
and the presence/absence of foreign matter. The method is simple to perform, does
not require additional equipment and high material costs, allows you to increase the
yield of pure viable E. multilocularis protoscolexes up to 95–98%.
INTESTINAL PARASITES OF DOGS FROM SE-YAKHA (YAMAL) IN CONTEMPORARY
Authors: Sivkova  , Kosintsev
Published: May 2022

Archaeological work is actively carried out on the territory of Yamal, while traces
of invasion are also found in coprolites and the cultural layer, and therefore, it
is of interest to compare modern and ancient parasite fauna. Combined and
sedimentation methods were used to analyze 11 stool samples of domestic dogs
collected in 2021 during the expedition in the Se-Yakha settlement. Prevalence
was established – 54.55%, while the dominant parasite was Sarcocystis (27.27%),
T. leonina was detected less often – 18.18% and tapeworm – 9.09%, trematode
invasion was not recorded, although opisthorchiasis is constantly recorded in the
region. Morphometric studies of the eggs of the tapeworm and sporocysts were
carried out. The tapeworm eggs are 61.50±1.3 µm long; egg width 41.7±1.03 µm;
the width of the mouth is 22.20±0.88, which most closely matches the description
of D. nihonkaiense (syn. D. klebanovskii). The eggs of the tapeworms are a frequent
archaeological find, but the species is not established. According to morphological
and ecological characteristics, protozoa (length 14.40±0.30 µm; width 10.25±0.18
µm; shape index 1.40±0.04) correspond to the description of S. grueneri. Most likely,
dogs in ancient times also had them, but due to their small size and thin shell, they
were not preserved.
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF AGE-RELATED INVOLUTION OF THE THYMUS DURING PARASITIC INVASION BY OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS (RIVOLTA, 1884)
Authors: Sidelnikova
Published: May 2022

Тhymus (thymic, thymus gland) provides antigen-independent differentiation of
lymphocytes, providing processes of cellular and humoral immunity in peripheral
immune organs. After the onset of puberty, age-related involution of the organ
occurs. Changes of thymus in parasitic invasions are found in the literature only
for some types of pathogens, mainly of cestodosis group. No data on the influence
of trematodes including Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) on thymus and its
involution were found. Morphological study of the thymus was conducted at the
invasion of Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) 1 month after infestation, in an
invasive dose of 50 metacercariae. Microslides were studied by light and immersion
microscopy, descriptive and comparative morphology. The design of the experiment
divided the animals into two groups: the observation group consisted of invaded
animals (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The results
obtained were characterized by pronounced morphological signs of age involution in
Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) infestation, compared to the control, including
a decrease in the volume of the medulla, replacement of the fatty tissue by lobules,
an increase in the number of Hassall's corpuscle. These changes characterize earlier
aging of the organ in case of parasitic disease.
OVINE PARASITES IN THE ZAILIYSKIY ALATAU
Authors: Suleimenov  , Berkinbay  , Omarov  , Baimuhanbetov
Published: May 2022

The materials of research in the Zailiyskiy Alatau are presented for parasitosis
monitoring of crossbred sheep in the Enbekshikazakhsky District of the Almaty
Region, the Republic of Kazakhstan. Twenty two parasite species are parasitizing
in crossbred sheep in the Zailiyskiy Alatau: 6 protozoa species (Eimeria faurei,
Eimeria intricata, Eimeria ovina, Eimeria ovinoidalis, Eimeria parva and Sarcocystis
ovicanis), 4 trematode species (Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoelium lanceatum, Eurytrema
pancreaticum and Hasstilesia ovis), 2 cestode species (Moniezia expansa and
Moniezia benedeni) and 10 nematode species (Trichostrongylus axei, Ostertagiella
circumcincta, Ostertagiella trifida, Ostertagiella trifurcata, Marshallagia marshalli,
Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus oiratianus, Nematodirus spathiger, Strongyloides
papillosus and Trichocephalus skrjabini). The total infection of the crossbred sheep
with Eimeria was 30%; Anoplocephalids, 30%; Haemonchus, 10%; Nematodirus,
20%; and Strongyloides, 20%. Eimeria monoinvasion occurs in 10%, and
Anoplocephalid and Strongyloide monoinvasion, in 5% of cases. Mixed invasions of Eimeria + Anoplocephalids occur in 10% of sheep, Eimeria + Anoplocephalids +
Strongyloides, Eimeria + Haemonhus + Nematodirus, Eimeria + Nematodirus +
Strongyloides, Eimeria + Strongyloides, and Haemonhusa + Nematodirus, in 5%
of sheep. Protozoa and helminths occur in sheep both as a monoinvasion and mixed
invasions in the Zailiyskiy Alatau.
MUSCULATURE AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF TREMATODES
Authors: Terenina  , Nefedova  , Mochalova  , Kreshchenko  , Bogojavlenskaja  , Movsesyan
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes own and published data concerning muscle elements present
in various parts of the trematode reproductive system. The data on the presence
of serotonergic and peptidergic (FMRFamidergic) nerve elements evidence
the innervation of the trematode reproductive system departments by these
neurotransmitters. The available literature information was supplemented by
results of the study carried out on Prodistomum alaskense, a representative of the
family Lepocreadiidae, an intestinal parasite of deep-sea fish (Zaprora silenus and
Aptocyclus ventricosus). The localization of serotonergic and FMRFamidergic nerve
structures was determined by immunocytochemistry. The musculature was stained
using TRITC (tetramethylrhodamine-isothiocyanate) conjugated phalloidin. The
slides were examined using a fluorescent microscope and a confocal laser scanning
microscope. An analysis of the data and information in the literature suggest that
the muscular system of the reproductive system is well developed in trematodes of
various taxonomic groups and represented by circular, longitudinal, and, in some
cases, by diagonal muscle fibers. The musculature of the trematode reproductive
system is innervated by serotonergic and peptidergic (FMRFamidergic) neurons
and their fibers which may be involved in regulating the contractile activity in various
parts of the trematode reproductive system.
HELMINTH FAUNA IN SHEEP IN THE VALLEY OF THE TEBERDA RIVER
Authors: Tsepilova  , Shemyakova  , Nikolaeva
Published: May 2022

In connection with the movement of small cattle from one region of the Russian
Federation to another with close contact of agricultural ruminants with wild
ruminants and carnivores, as well as with the impact of anthropogenic factors, etc.
in a certain territory, the parasite fauna of ruminants changes, and pastures in the
valley of the Teberda River are no exception. Invasive diseases are a limiting factor
in obtaining high-quality mutton. The studies were performed on sheep breeding
farms of Muhu, LLC and the private sector located in the Karachay-Cherkess
Republic, Karachayevsky District, and Verkhnyaya Teberda Village. In total, 91
samples of faeces were taken from the Karachai sheep of various age and sex groups.
Conventional methods were used to diagnose helminthiasis. Helminth fauna in the
sheep was represented by one suborder, five genera and three species of nematodes,
namely, Strongylata, Protostrongylus, Nematodirus, Bunostomum, Nematodirella,
Trichocephalus, Muellerius capillaris, Dictyocaulus filaria and Strongyloides papillosus;
one cestode species Moniezia benedeni, and one trematode species Dicrocoelium
lanceatum, and protozoa of the genus Eimeria were also identified. Mixed invasions
were most often diagnosed in the animals in 52.7%, of which the most common was
the suborder Strongylata + genus Eimeria (Infection Prevalence = 8.8%).
THE EFFECT OF EXCRETORY/SECRETORY PRODUCTS FROM DIBOTHRIOCEPHALUS DENDRITICUS PLEROCERCOIDS OF GULL TAPEWORM AND LIGULA INTERRUPTA LIGULA ON INFLAMMATORY ACTIVATION OF MACROPHAGES
Authors: Chelombitko  , Pavlyuchenkova  , Kutyrev  , Mazur  , Dugarov
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the anti-inflammatory potential of excretory/secretory products (ESP)
from plerocercoids of D. dendriticus gull tapeworm and L. interrupta ligula was
estimated for the first time in the model of LPS-induced activation of macrophages
in vitro. A monocyte cell line derived from a patient with acute monocytic leukemia,
THP-1, was used as a macrophage model. Cells were differentiated into macrophages
using phorbol myristate acetate. The anti-inflammatory properties of ESP were
determined by measurement of pro-inflammatory Th1-cytokines TNF and IL-6, as
well as anti-inflammatory Th2-cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, in the incubation medium
using commercial kits for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The results of
our study demonstrated that overnight incubation of macrophages with ESP from
plerocercoids of L. interrupta at a concentration of 100 μg/ml led to a twofold
decrease in the content of Th1-cytokines TNF and IL-6 in medium during LPSinduced activation of macrophages. Pre-treatment of macrophages with ESP from
plerocercoids of D. dendriticus overnight did not affect the content of Th1-cytokines
TNF and IL-6. The results of our study indicated that ESP from L. interrupta has a
pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, while ESP from D. dendriticus does not have
such an effect. At the same time, the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of
ESP from L. interrupta has not been elucidated and requires further research.
THE FIRST FINDING OF THE TREMATODE COLLYRICLUM FABA (BREMSER IN SCHMALZ, 1831) IN PASSERINE BIRDS OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Shakarbaev  , Akramova  , Azimov
Published: May 2022

The study of the peculiar species Collyriclum faba (Bremser in Schmalz, 1831) has a
long history. Trematodes of this species have been recorded in many passerine species
and rarely in other groups of birds. Subcutaneous cysts in infested birds are localized
in various parts of the body: at the base of the lower jaw, chin or throat, around
the cloaca, abdomen and chest. Regardless of the site of parasitism, trematodes
Collyriclum faba, surrounded by a cyst, pose a serious threat to the health of wild and
domestic birds. Mature forms of Collyriclum faba were found in subcutaneous cysts
of the Hume's whitethroat Sylvia althaea Hume, 1878 (Passeriformes: Sylviidae) in
the zone of the Surkhan state reserve of the Surkhandarya Region of Uzbekistan,
on June 18, 2017. In total, for the period of June 10–18, 2017, 29 individuals of
adult birds were examined, and skin trematodes were found in one individual of
the Hume's whitethroat, which we identified as C. faba. This is the first find in
Uzbekistan. Trematodes from cysts were identified in the laboratory of General
Parasitology. A total of 80 specimens of trematodes were studied. When diagnosing
species of trematodes, traditional methods of helminthological research were used.
The Hume's whitethroat is registered as a new host of this trematode.
BOVINE HELMINTHS IN THE NORTH-WEST OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Shakarboev  , Zhumamuratov  , Kaniyazov
Published: May 2022

The research purpose is to study bovine helminths and their infection rate in the
Khorezm Region and the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Helminthological studies were
performed in 2020–2022. Thirty nine animals were studied by methods of complete
helminthological dissections and 124 individual organs of cattle were studied by
methods of partial helminthological dissections. In addition, more than 300 faecal
samples were examined by helminthocoprological methods. All the studied animals
were infected with helminths. At the same time, 20 helminth species of 16 genera,
11 families, 7 orders and 3 classes were recorded. The studies showed that nematodes
were most widely represented in cattle, namely, 13 species, then cestodes that were
5 species. Trematodes included only 2 species. The studied animals were found to
have simultaneous parasitism of 2 to 7 helminth species, and no monoinvasion was
observed. The species composition of helminths in cattle included geohelminths and
biohelminths. Geohelminths were represented by 9 species belonging to the class
of nematodes (Chabertia, Bunostoma, Esophagostoma, Ostertagia, Haemonchus,
Dictyocaulus and Trichocephalus), and the remaining 11 species (5 cestodes, 2
trematodes and 4 nematodes) were biohelminths.
PARASITE FAUNA OF WOOD BISON (BISON BISON ATHABASCAE RHOADS, 1897) LIVING IN THE UST’-BUОTОMА NURSERY, LENA PILLARS NATURE PARK, REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
Authors: Shelamova  , Sivkova  , Smetanin
Published: May 2022

The results of the study are presented on the parasite fauna of the wood bison from
the Ust’-Buоtоmа Nursery, the Lena Pillars Nature Park (Yakutia), that participates
in the re-acclimatization program with subsequent release into the wild in their new
habitats. The breeding stock was brought from the Canadian Elk Island National
Park (Alberta). During the study, six endoparasite species were found, including
1 species of the protozoa, Eimeria bovis, 2 species of cestodes, Moniezia expansa
and Moniezia benedeni, and 3 species of nematodes, Cooperia spp., Ostertagia spp.
and Trichostrongylus spp. In the course of parasitological studies, zooanthroponosis of bison was excluded and endoparasites were detected that were common to
wild and domestic large ungulates typical both for Yakutia and Canada according
to epizootological data. In this regard, a potential exchange of helminths and
protozoa was possible between natural biocenoses and agro-biocenoses. The
parasites found in the Nature Park are a factor of natural selection, but they must
be taken into account in the event of a characteristic clinical picture, and in case of
loss of livestock, especially young animals, to implement effective therapeutic and
preventive measures.
THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES AGAINST CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS OF CALVES
Authors: Shcherbina  , Gavrilova
Published: May 2022

To treat calves for cryptosporidiosis, we used aminoglycosides containing
paromomycin: the drugs "Protostop" and "Parofor 70". "Protostop" was administered
orally in 3- and 5-day courses at a dose of 250 mg and 350 mg per 1 kg of the animal
weight individually. A single dose of the drug was dissolved in water before use.
"Parofor 70" was prescribed individually for 5 days at a dose of 350 mg per 1 kg of
the animal weight, and dissolved in water before use. The efficacy was evaluated
based on the reduction or absence of cryptosporidia in fecal samples on the 0, 8 and
12th day. It was found that "Protostop", which contains 100.0 mg of paromomycin
sulfate in 1,0 g had a pronounced therapeutic effect on cryptosporidiosis of calves
at a dose of 350 mg/kg of the animal weight in a 5-day course. "Protostop" used at
a dose of 250 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg of the animal weight in 3- and 5-day courses
did not have a negative side effect on the animal’s body. The therapeutic efficacy of
"Protostop" used at a dose of 350 mg/kg of the animal weight orally with water, once
a day, in a 5-day course was higher than the efficacy of "Parofor 70" used at a dose of
350 mg/kg in a similar course.
Genetic similarity of Kalmyk cattle in breeding farms of the Republic of Kalmykia
Authors:   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Chimidova N.V. , Moiseikina L.G. ,   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Ubushieva A.V. ,   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Kugultinova D.A. ,   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Menkenova L.I. ,   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov
Published: May 2022

Aim. Comparison of the gene Pool of Kalmyk cattle of the leading breeding reproducers of the Republic of Kalmykia. Materials and Methods. The research material was the whole blood of Kalmyk cattle. Blood groups were determined by standard Neimann-Sorenson serological tests using 30 monospecific sera. Results. In total, more than two thousand heads were tested. Based on the results of an immunogenetic study of 30 antigens of seven systems, the frequency of occurrence of antigens was calculated. Studies have shown that there are high and low rates of occurrence common to all farms. The difference in the frequency of antigens was that the "Altair" breeding agent is significantly different from the others. So, in it more than half of the antigens occur with the lowest frequency, almost the same indicators in the SEC PR "Burugshun". In the SEC PR "Hoshud", on the contrary, the largest number of antigens with a high frequency of occurrence. Conclusion. The proportion of animals with A1, A2, B2, E’3, G”, O’, Z antigens is high, the level of O4, C2, L’ is quite low. The exchange of breeding material can be recommended, depending on the increase or decrease in the frequency of antigens.
The effectiveness of the use of vegetable breading in the technology of whole-muscle products
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Slozhenkina M.I. , Sivko A.N. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Aseev N.A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University
Published: May 2022

Aim. To achieve the greatest efficiency of using vegetable breading in the production technology of large-sized whole-muscle meat products, including baked pork. Materials and Methods. The development and research of control and experimental samples were carried out according to generally accepted methods in accordance with regulatory and technical documentation. The calcium content was determined according to GOST R 55573-2013. The magnesium content was determined according to GOST R 33424-2015. The iron content was determined according to GOST 26928-86. Microbiological parameters were examined in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 (as amended on July 6, 2011) according to generally accepted methods. Results. It was revealed that the use of vegetable breading and fixing it with a pectin-based gel increased the physiological and nutritional value of the product, improved its organoleptic characteristics, increased the mass at the output of the finished product. Conclusion. The expediency of using vegetable breading in the production of smoked pork meat and fixing it on the surface of products using a gel based on animal protein from highly purified collagen raw materials is substantiated.
Improving the quality of the production of half-smoked sausages with the use of food additive "Blackurt"
Authors:   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Sangadzhieva O.S. , Khalgaeva K.E. ,   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Basangova E.V. ,   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Zodbinova N.V. ,   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov, Ulanova A.V. ,   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov
Published: May 2022

Aim. Studying the production technology of semi-smoked sausages on the example of the sausage shop of Afshal LLC, Yashkul district of the Republic of Kalmykia. Materials and Methods. Research on the study of the technology of production of semi-smoked sausages was carried out in the conditions of the sausage shop of Afshal LLC in the Yashkul region, laboratory analyzes were carried out at the enterprise and in the laboratory of the Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov. As an object of research, we chose the semi-smoked sausage "Krakowska" (GOST R 53588-2009). In the study, standard, generally accepted methods for studying the chemical composition, physical and chemical parameters, microbiological indicators of the studied samples and finished products were used. Organoleptic evaluation was carried out on a five-point scale according to GOST 9959-2015. Results. The introduction of a biologically active additive is expedient and improves the quality characteristics of the prototypes, improves the taste. The use of bioadditives increases the yield of the finished product, by increasing the water-binding capacity of minced meat. The protein content in the dietary supplement enhances the nutritional and biological value of the product. Conclusion. The use of biological additives in the technology for preparing semi-smoked sausages, which includes a mixture of spices and spices, animal protein, a structure former, dried, crushed blackcurrant leaf to increase the shelf life and impart healing properties, has high antimicrobial activity, gives the product a bright taste and aroma of natural spices, significantly increases the yield of sausages by replacing meat raw materials and increasing the moisture-binding capacity of minced meat, while maintaining high organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of finished sausages.
PENGEMBANGAN ETIKA KEPEMIMPINAN KRISTEN DI ERA MODERN
Authors: Silambi' Monika
Published: May 2022

Etika kepemimpinan kristen di era moderen,kata etika berarti kumpulan asas atau nilai yang berkenan dengan ahklak atau nilai yang mengenai benar dan salah yang dianut oleh masyarakat
Perbedaan Gender Dalam Pemahaman Budaya Toraja Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Model Antropologis
Authors: Kosi Irma Frans
Published: May 2022

Artikel ini membahas tentang perbedaan gender dimana pada masa lampau dalam budaya toraja antaraperempuan dan laki-laki tidak ada kesetaraan dan namun karena injil dan melihat cerminan Yesusbersama dengan perempuan Siro-Fenesia dapat mengubah kebudayaan tersebut dan implikasi dalamkepemimpinan gereja masa kini
Essai Kaitan Bahasa dengan lingkungan
Authors: Lumongga Natasya
Published: May 2022

Lingkungan merupakan komponen yang berpengaruh dalam pelaksanakanaktifitasbelajarmengajar.Namun,tingkatkesadarankitaakanpentingnyalingkunganmasihsangatminim.Gurusebagaitenagapendidikmemainkanperananpentingdalammengajarkan pendidikan lingkungan dan menumbuhkan kesadaran peserta didiktentanglingkungan.MenurutRamadhan,Sukma,danIndriyani(2019)penggunaantemalingkungandalam pembelajaranteksdapatmemicuminatsiswadalam mempelajaribahasa dan dapatmeningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang lingkungan hidup.
UPACARA RAMBU SOLO’ YANG MELAKAT PADA KEHIDUPAN ORANG TORAJA
Authors: R Wirma Marthen
Published: May 2022

Wirma Marthen Rombe : Adat Rambu solo’ dalam kehidupan orang TorajaDari penulisan ini bertujuan. 1) Untuk mengetahui tentang arti dari Rambu Solo’ yang di adakan oleh masyarakat Toraja 2) Untuk mengungkapkan tentang mengapa Rambu Solo’ sangat identik dengan orang Toraja. Dalam suatu daerah, tentu masing-masing memiliki adat dan budaya yang bisa menjadi ciri khas dari daerah tersebut secara khusus dalam lingkup daerah Tana Toraja. Dimana, dalam ciri khas mereka itu adalah pada saat upacara kematian yang sering kali disebut dengan Rambu Solo’, kegiatan ini dilaksanakan oleh orang-orang, baik dari orang yang berkhasta tinggi maupun rendah. Sehingga, dalam upacara Rambu Solo’ ini sangat identik dan tidak pernah lepas dari kehidupan orang Toraja.
Benefits and risks associated with children's and adolescents' interactions with electronic screens: An umbrella review
Authors: Sanders Taren , Noetel Michael , Parker Philip David , del Pozo Cruz Borja , Biddle Stuart , Ronto Rimante , Hulteen Ryan , Parker Rhiannon Bree , Thomas George , De Cocker Katrien , Salmon Jo , Hesketh Kylie , Weeks Nicole , Arnott Hugh , Devine Emma , Vasconcellos Roberta Pires , Pagano Rebecca , Sherson Jamie , Conigrave James Haddon , Lonsdale Chris
Published: May 2022

The influence of electronic screens on the health of children and adolescents and their education is not well understood. In this prospectively registered umbrella review (PROSPERO identifier CRD42017076051), we harmonized effects from 102 meta-analyses (2,451 primary studies; 1,937,501 participants) of screen time and outcomes. In total, 43 effects from 32 meta-analyses met our criteria for statistical certainty. Meta-analyses of associations between screen use and outcomes showed small-to-moderate effects (range: r = –0.14 to 0.33). In education, results were mixed; for example, screen use was negatively associated with literacy (r = –0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = –0.20 to –0.09, P ≤ 0.001, k = 38, N = 18,318), but this effect was positive when parents watched with their children (r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.28, P = 0.028, k = 12, N = 6,083). In health, we found evidence for several small negative associations; for example, social media was associated with depression (r = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.19, P ≤ 0.001, k = 12, N = 93,740). Limitations of our review include the limited number of studies for each outcome, medium-to-high risk of bias in 95 out of 102 included meta-analyses and high heterogeneity (17 out of 22 in education and 20 out of 21 in health with I2 > 50%). We recommend that caregivers and policymakers carefully weigh the evidence for potential harms and benefits of specific types of screen use.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: MAHARANI MONA PUTRI
Published: May 2022

Lingkungan tempat tinggal peserta didik dapat memengaruhi bahasa yang digunakannya. Bahasa yang digunakan oleh peserta didik pada umumnya adalah bahasa yang diperoleh sejak awal atau bahasa ibu. Pemerolehan bahasa pada anak dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan khususnya lingkungan keluarga, hal ini ditandai dengan sedikit banyaknya pembendaharaan kosakata yang didapatkan dilingkungan keluarga dan sekitar. Hal tersebut menandakan bahwa lingkungan tempat tinggal peserta didik memiliki pengaruh terhadap bahasa yang digunakannya. Jika dikaitkan dengan pembelajaran terkhusus pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, lingkungan tempat tinggal yang baik akan mendukung terciptanya kondisi yang lebih kondusif. Dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, penggunaan kosakata bahasa Indonesia peserta didik masih kurang karena lingkungan yang kurang mendukung dalam penerapannya. Dalam penerapan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di lingkungan tempat tinggal terutama yang lingkungannya menggunakan bahasa daerah dalam berkomunikasi, memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap pengunaan kosakata bahasa Indonesia peserta didik.
The Influence of Environment on Indonesian Language Learning
Authors: Tasya Afratul
Published: May 2022

Language is a verbal communication tool used to interact with each other. Language will never be separated from the influence of the surrounding community.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN DALAM KELUARGA UNTUK MEMBANGUN SPIRITUAL REMAJA MASA KINI
Authors: Makkayu Triasep
Published: May 2022

Penulis tertarik untuk menemukan pola pendidikan dalam keluarga Kristen masa kini.
Speaking of nature: Relationships between how people think about, connect with, and act to protect nature.
Authors: Hatty Melissa Anne , Goodwin Denise , Smith Liam David Graham , Mavondo Felix
Published: May 2022

Note: this preprint has now been published, available at https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol27/iss3/art17/
Physiological Stress Reactivity and Recovery: Some Laboratory Results Transfer to Daily Life
Authors: Bamert Melanie , Inauen Jennifer
Published: May 2022

Stress is a prevalent theme in our daily lives and is related to numerous negative health outcomes. Laboratory research has studied the physiological stress response extensively with objective measures such as vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). Recently, the vagal tank theory emerged as a promising approach to predicting adaptive vmHRV levels around stressful events. This study aimed to investigate whether the predictions of the vagal tank theory about vmHRV during stress reactivity and recovery translate into naturalistic stressful events in daily life. Sixty-seven students wore an EcgMove 4 sensor for 4 days to measure vmHRV. Through a combination of device-based and self-report assessment, vmHRV data were segmented into before, during, and after stressful events. VmHRV segments were analyzed with multilevel modeling, accounting for physiological and psychological covariates. VmHRV before stressful events predicted more adaptive vmHRV during the event but not vmHRV recovery afterwards. The results therefore partially support the vagal tank theory's predictions with data from daily life and allow recommendations for future studies of real-world stress reactivity and recovery. The value of intraindividual variations in vmHRV as predictors of adaptive stress response is underscored by these findings and could inform future interventions that seek to increase momentary vmHRV.
Emotion Regulation Reduces Negativity Bias and Enhances Mnemonic Discrimination in Depression
Authors: Hayes Brandon K. , Harikumar Amritha , Ferguson Lorena A. , Dicker Eva E. , Denny Bryan , Leal Stephanie L
Published: May 2022

Stressful experiences are unavoidable, yet tactics can be employed to mitigate their impact on our cognition and well-being. Individuals with depression show dysfunctional emotion regulation, general episodic memory deficits, and a negativity bias, where negative experiences are better remembered. Recent work suggests that the negativity bias in depression may be driven by enhanced mnemonic discrimination, which relies on hippocampal pattern separation – a computation that processes experiences with overlapping features as unique. Depressed individuals show enhanced negative and impaired neutral mnemonic discrimination. Hippocampal pattern separation provides a mechanistic account for memory dysfunction in depression. The current study aimed to investigate emotion regulation training as a novel approach toward modifying mood and memory dysfunction in depression. Healthy and depressed participants performed an emotional mnemonic discrimination task, in which half of the participants were trained to apply an emotion regulation strategy (psychological distancing) during encoding. Psychological distancing is an emotion regulation strategy where one takes an objective, distant perspective. All participants rated their negative affect in response to each image. During retrieval, participants were shown repeated images, brand new images, or similar but not identical images (lures), which are critical for taxing hippocampal pattern separation. We found that applying psychological distancing during encoding rescued memory dysfunction in depression, evidenced by reduced negative affect as well as a reduced negative and enhanced neutral mnemonic discrimination during retrieval. These results suggest that emotion regulation strategies provide an effective approach toward altering mood and memory in depression.
Finding the right words: A computational model of cued lexical retrieval
Authors: Apsel Molly , Kumar Abhilasha Ashok , Jones Michael N.
Published: May 2022

Failing to come up with a word or name is a fairly common experience that is exacerbated in older adulthood and among populations with language impairments, and yet the mechanisms underlying lexical retrieval remain fairly understudied. In this work, we introduce and evaluate a series of nested computational models of lexical retrieval that combine semantic representations derived from a distributional semantic model with a process model to account for behavioral performance in a primed lexical retrieval task. The models were tested on a behavioral data set where participants attempted to retrieve answers to descriptions of low-frequency words and were provided a semantically and/or phonologically related prime word before the retrieval attempt. Model comparisons indicated that a model that emphasized semantic activations from the description and phonological activations from the prime word best accounted for the overall data. Additionally, incorrect responses and metacognitive judgments indicating that participants had other words in mind were associated with models that instead emphasized semantic activations from the prime word. Taken together, these results identify the locus of lexical retrieval failures and offer the opportunity to investigate broader questions about semantic memory retrieval.
Detection of emotional faces: the role of spatial frequencies and local features
Authors: ENTZMANN Léa , Guyader Nathalie , Kauffmann Louise , Peyrin Carole , Mermillod Martial
Published: May 2022

Models of emotion processing suggest that threat-related stimuli such as fearful faces can be detected based on the rapid extraction of low spatial frequencies. However, this remains debated as other models argue that the decoding of facial expressions occurs with a more flexible use of spatial frequencies. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of spatial frequencies and differences in luminance contrast between spatial frequencies, on the detection of facial emotions. We used a saccadic choice task in which emotional-neutral face pairs were presented and participants were asked to make a saccade toward the neutral or the emotional (happy or fearful) face. Faces were displayed either in low, high, or broad spatial frequencies. Results showed that participants were better to saccade toward the emotional face. They were also better for high or broad than low spatial frequencies, and the accuracy was higher with a happy target. An analysis of the eye and mouth saliency of our stimuli revealed that the mouth saliency of the target correlates with participants’ performance. Overall, this study underlines the importance of local more than global information, and of the saliency of the mouth region in the detection of emotional and neutral faces.
From doggy to dog: Developmental shifts in children’s use of register-specific words
Authors: Casey Kennedy , Casillas Marisa
Published: May 2022

Child-directed language (CDL) features words such as doggy, night-night, and tummy that are rarely used in adult-directed language (ADL). Characteristics of CDL variants, such as diminutivization and reduplication, explain why they may be learned and produced earlier by children. However, it is not yet clear how or when children switch to using ADL equivalents—dog, goodnight, stomach. Through analysis of speech transcripts from CHILDES and the Language Development Project corpus, we show that children significantly increase their production of ADL variants across age, with the average CDL-to-ADL transition point at 2.5 years. Many of the linguistic features that distinguish CDL vs. ADL registers (e.g., lexical and syntactic complexity) similarly differentiated the local speech contexts surrounding CDL vs. ADL variants in children’s input. Notably, these differences emerged even in speech that was primarily child-directed. Learners may therefore be able to capitalize on these linguistic cues to support their discovery of register along with context-appropriate CDL/ADL pair use.
Psychological distance intervention reminders reduce alcohol consumption frequency in daily life
Authors: Jovanova Mia , Cosme Danielle , Doré Bruce , Kang Yoona , Stanoi Ovidia , Cooper Nicole , Helion Chelsea , Lomax Silicia , McGowan Amanda L. , Boyd Zachary M. , Bassett Danielle S , Mucha Peter , Ochsner Kevin , Lydon-Staley David M. , Falk Emily B.
Published: May 2022

Modifying behaviors, such as alcohol consumption, is difficult. Creating psychological distance between unhealthy triggers and one’s present experience can encourage change. Using two multisite, randomized experiments, we examine whether theory-driven strategies to create psychological distance—mindfulness and perspective taking—can change drinking behaviors among two samples of young adults without alcohol dependence via a 28-day smartphone intervention (Study 1, N = 108 participants, 5492 observations; Study 2, N=218 participants, 9994 observations). Study 2 presents a close replication with a fully remote delivery during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. During weeks when they received daily smartphone reminders, individuals in the psychological distance interventions drank less frequently than control weeks, and less than control participants. Intervention reminders reduced drinking frequency but did not impact amount. We find that smartphone-based mindfulness and perspective-taking interventions, aimed to create psychological distance, can change behavior. This approach requires frequent reminders, which can be delivered viasmartphones.
It's the mobility culture, stupid! Winter conditions strongly reduce bicycle usage in German cities, but not in Dutch ones
Authors: Hudde Ansgar
Published: May 2022

Cycling is healthy, cheap, and environmentally sustainable, but these benefits remain unexploited if many people only cycle in summer but not in winter. Seasonal differences in cycling are small in Dutch cities but relatively large in German cities. This paper tests: is it because seasonal conditions are more moderate in the Netherlands or because German cyclists are more sensitive to temperature, rain, and daylight hours? After discussing how German culture mirrors and potentially perpetuates seasonal cycling patterns, I analyse around 335,000 trips from German and Dutch travel surveys enriched with city-level climate data. Results show that Germans react about twice as strongly to changes in temperature and daylight hours than the Dutch. This reveals untapped potential for year-round cycling in Germany, with its benefits for health, finances and sustainability: The barrier is not the natural environment, but people’s response to it, which could potentially change and be influenced by policy.
PLGA-PEG Encapsulated sitamaquine nanoparticles drug delivery system against Leishmania donovani
Authors:   Division of Biomedical and Nanomedicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna 800007, India, Kumara Rishikesh , Sahoo Ganesh C ,   Division of Biomedical and Nanomedicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna 800007, India, Pandeya Krishna ,   Division of Biomedical and Nanomedicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna 800007, India, Dasa VNR ,   Division of Biomedical and Nanomedicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna 800007, India, Ansaria Md Yousuf ,   Division of Biomedical and Nanomedicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna 800007, India, Ranaa Sindhu ,   Division of Biomedical and Nanomedicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna 800007, India, Dasa Pradeep ,   Division of Biomedical and Nanomedicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Patna 800007, India
Published: May 2022

Targeted drug delivery systems are a promising technology to increase the maximum mechanism of action with smaller dose of requirement, Therefore we have developed sitamaquine encapsulated PLGA-PEG nanoparticle (NP) attach with antibody to CD14 to target macrophage of infected tissues against leishmaniasis. The analyses of detailed structural characterization performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed the nano-size of the particle (size range of 20-30 nanometer scale) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for NP encapsulation confirmation. The ED50 value of sitamaquine showing less than sitamaquine antileishmanial drug alone and three fold decrease of macrophage infection in which hamster treated with PLGA-PEG encapsulated sitamaquine (0.0039 ± 0.0012 )as compare to hamster treated alone with sodium sitamaquine (0.0123 ± 0.0047). Further significantly inhibition of amastigotes in the splenic tissue with PLGA-PEG encapsulated sitamaquine was significantly more than with conventional (89.01±6 verse 71.39 ±12).
Isolation and antioxidant activity (in vitro and in vivo) of the flavonoid from Tartarian-buckwheat
Authors:   Chengdu Campus of Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China, Luo Aoxue , Peng Ping ,   Chengdu Campus of Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China, Feii Wen ,   Chengdu Campus of Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China, Yang Linying ,   Chengdu Campus of Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China, Fan Yijun ,   Chengdu Campus of Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
Published: May 2022

The total flavonoid was isolated from tartarian-buckwheat through reflux extraction. In order to explore the antioxidant activities, in the present study, our study aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of the total flavonoid using different assays including: reducing power, 2,2- diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ABTS radical scavenging assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The results exhibited that the total flavonoid has significant reductive ability and radicals scavenging effects. In vivo antioxidant activities assays, the flavonoid was found to increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD) in blood serum. Therefore, the flavonoid should be explored as novel potential antioxidants.
Familiarizing Typical Nepali Terms in English
Authors: Neupane Nabaraj
Published: May 2022

Within the territory of Nepal and its vicinities like India, Myanmar and Bhutan, the Nepali language is used as a means of wider communication. Apart from this, it has become a fertile field of research for linguists, language-based researchers and language teachers. With this assumption, this article aimed to investigate the typical (that are culture-specific) terms of the Nepali language. To achieve this objective, the study employed a case study design that took Nepali culture-specific terms as a case and used document analysis for the interpretation of the information in the selected language based on the framework of words and phrases. For maintaining readability and intelligibility to the global readership, the typical Nepali terms have been glossed in English. The main finding is that the Nepali language is rich in its cultural terms that comprise words and phrases. This study can contribute to the linguists, translators and pedagogues for the frame of reference for further exploration of the rich field of study, reaching to the wider readership.
From Conflict to Peace Building: Transforming Trauma in the Post-Conflict Nepali Narratives
Authors: Pokharel Badri Prasad
Published: May 2022

In this paper, I explore the devastation of war and its effect on the people’s lives, followed by an anticipation of peace in the post-conflict narratives: Mohan Raj Sharma’s “A Ra and a Mo” and Rajendra Bimal’s “The Lankuri Tree Will Blossom Again.” The narratives are about ten-year long Maoist insurgency that caused more than fifteen thousand innocent people’s lives. In the beginning, the narratives have been analyzed by showing how these authors show the trauma of conflict victimized by dealing with the negative aspect of one fighting group, and trauma presented with the help of a neutral observer of the event not supporting and opposing any groups. A theoretical argument of some well-known theorists like Caruth, Lacapra, Alexander and Pandey have been discussed to bring out the traumatic facts of the insurgency. In particular, Caruth and Alexander’s insights of trauma theory have been used to bring out the traumatic facts that the characters have undergone whereas Lacapra’s middle voice has been used to measure how the narratives have been designed in the plot. The major issue of this paper is to show that the narrators being either a biased or partial observers of the insurgency or a neutral witness of the events have narrated the testimony of the insurgency.
Frauen sichtbar machen. biografiA – Datenbank und Lexikon österreichischer Frauen
Authors: Korotin Ilse
Published: May 2022

Das multimodulare Dokumentations-, Forschungs- und Vernetzungsprojekt biografiA. Datenbank und Lexikon österreichischer Frauen hat die umfassende historisch-biografische Aufarbeitung österreichischer Frauenpersönlichkeiten zum Ziel. Es ist die erste Datenbank und das erste Lexikon, das sich ausschließlich mit Frauen in und aus Österreich beschäftigt. Der erfasste Zeitraum erstreckt sich von der Erstbenennung Österreichs bis in die Gegenwart und wurde mit dem jeweiligen historischen Grenzen Österreichs festgelegt. Seit 1998 wurden rund 22.000 Biografien in die öffentlich zugängliche Datenbank aufgenommen. biografiA soll der Fachwelt sowie der interessierten Öffentlichkeit einen umfassenden Überblick über viele Jahrhunderte österreichischer Frauengeschichte gewähren und vielfältige Einblicke in die kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhänge der jeweiligen Epoche ermöglichen.