bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of anabas testudineus bloch, 1792 (pisces: anabantidae) in asia
Authors: Razi Nanda Muhammad , Nasir Muhammad , Ramadhaniaty Mutia , Rahayu Sri Riska , Handayani Luvi Syafrida , Sitrous Ahmad Sazali A. , Aswina Cut Tria , Fadli Nur , Muchlisin Zainal A.
Published: January 2024

Anabas testudineus, the climbing perch, is a valuable and well-liked freshwater fish with significant commercial worth. This fish is found in Indonesia and other parts of Asia. Nonetheless, there hasn't been much research done on the genetic relationships across Asian populations of climbing perch. Thus, the aim of this work was to use the mitochondrial COI gene to examine the phylogeography of A. testudineus in freshwater Asia. The population sample was taken from South Aceh, Indonesia. The sample was extracted using a modified C-TAB protocol. In all, 48 sequences from the Genbank and three sequences from South Aceh were included in this investigation. Seven samples came from Indonesia, three from Malaysia, nine from Philippines, seven from Vietnam, eight from Thailand, ten from India, and four from Bangladesh. According to the findings, the sequences formed 17 different haplotypes. For every population, the haplotype diversity (Hd) value is 0.897. The genetic distance measuring the closest populations is 0.0007 between Indonesia and Philippines, whereas Indonesia and Vietnam populations are the furthest apart, at 0.0904. Between 0 and 0.0157 is the genetic distance within the population. Thus, the populations of A. testudineus in Aceh and Indonesia and the Philippines are genetically more similar.
Choosing well grid density for low productivity carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Kuleshova Lyubov , Gilyazetdinov Ruslan , Mukhametshin Vyacheslav Sh. , Mingulov Shamil
Published: January 2024

Based on the analysis and generalization of the experience in developing various groups of low-productivity deposits in the carbonate reservoirs of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province, the article proposes geological and statistical dependencies that allow for a differentiated choice of grid density for wells both between selected groups of objects and within them, depending on the geological characteristics. Technical and economic calculations determined the drilling zones and helped select an optimal well grid density. Calculations were made using geological and commercial data on sufficiently studied deposits, which are currently in the final stage of operation. The results presented in this paper allow us to solve a wide range of field development tasks in order to extract residual oil reserves by drilling new wells with an individual design at each facility or drilling side shafts.
Regional patterns of zoning hypergenic transformations of sedimentary rocks of the middle Permian age of the Eastern Zakamye
Authors: Latypov Airat , Korolev Eduard , Garaeva Anastasiya
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the study of eluvial deposits in the territory of the Eastern Zakamye. Due to the activity of river erosion, a highly dissected and rugged terrain has formed in this area. Its characteristic elements are erosion-denudation watersheds spaces separated by narrow river valleys and terraced slopes. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that the difference in the structure of weathering profiles in carbonate and terrigenous soil massifs is due to the structural and mineralogical features of rocks acquired at the stage of sedimentation and subsequent diagenesis. In the central part, at the upper plateau site, the rocks underwent mainly physical weathering processes, at the middle plateau site – chemical weathering processes, at the lower plateau site – physical and chemical weathering processes. Such selectivity in the manifestation of hypergenic processes is due to the predominant lithotypes of sedimentary rocks composing the upper, middle and lower plateau surfaces of the plateau of the studied territory. Based on the completed study, the zoning of the territory of the Eastern Zakamye was carried out and an engineering and geological map was built. The results obtained make it possible to understand the mechanism of weathering in carbonate and terrigenous rocks, and, consequently, to assess the potential change in the physical and mechanical properties of rocks, both during construction and during the operation of buildings and structures.
Production of yoghurts with the addition of microencapsulated cinnamon, garlic and cumin oil with corn oil
Authors: Rifky Mohamed , Jesfar Mohamed , Dissanayake Kasun , Orif Umarov , Samadiy Murodjon
Published: January 2024

The active components in spice oil are easily degradable, which limits its application in the food industry. The volatile compounds of garlic oil, cinnamon oil and cumin oil were encapsulated with 20 % corn oil and incorporated into the yoghurt while maintaining the standard process. The chemical composition, microbiological analysis and sensory evaluation were conducted to identify the efficiency of incorporating encapsulated oils in yoghurt. The results implied that 20% corn oil has improved the stability of spice oil emulsions and the encapsulation efficiency of spice oil microcapsules. As can be seen from the data obtained, the emulsion of garlic oil, cinnamon oil and cumin oil produced a good outcome, indicating a reduction in the overall number of bacteria. The texture and solids content of the yoghurts were studied, and it was discovered that the solids and pH of the yoghurts were very minimally changed but the yoghurt’s stability was substantially improved. Garlic oil encapsulation has been discovered to be the most effective spice oil for suppressing viable bacteria and mold in yoghurt recipes due to the bioactive substance present there.
Big data and analytics for crop yield forecasting: Empirical research and development prospects
Authors: Shvets Yury , Morkovkin Dmitry , Chupin Alexander , Ostroumov Vladimir , Shmanev Sergey
Published: January 2024

The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the role and prospects of applying big data technologies in agriculture. It covers a wide range of issues related to the implementation and use of Big Data in the agro-industrial sector, exploring both the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of their application. Special attention is given to the examination of current trends, identification of key challenges, and opportunities associated with the use of these technologies in agriculture. The authors investigate how big data technologies are transforming approaches to managing agrarian processes, improving crop yields, and optimizing resources. Various aspects are analyzed, including the development of data processing technologies, their application for analysis and forecasting in agriculture, and discussions on issues related to the adoption and dissemination of these technologies in the Russian context. Specific examples of successful projects and initiatives demonstrating the potential of Big Data in agribusiness are presented.
Nachlese Homöopathiekongress – in memoriam Karl-Heinz Gebhardt
Authors: Lucae Christian
Published: January 2024

Karl-Heinz Gebhardt (1924–2023) war 35 Jahre lang – von 1972
bis 2006 – Schriftleiter der AHZ. In persönlichen Gesprächen
hat er immer wieder berichtet, wie er die Schriftleitung über viele Jahre
ganz allein bewerkstelligen musste. Dabei vollzog er auch den Übergang von
der naturwissenschaftlich-kritischen Richtung, die Hochpotenzen ablehnte, zur
moderneren, klassischen Homöopathie. Würdigungen seiner Arbeit und
Laudationen zu verschiedenen runden Geburtstagen sind vielfach in der AHZ
nachzulesen [AHZ 1984; 229(5): 207–209, AHZ 1999; 244(5): 204–206,
AHZ 2014; 259(6): 27, u. a.].
Reduction in the Free Androgen Index in Overweight Women After Sixty
Days of a Low Glycemic Diet
Authors: Zapała Barbara , Marszalec Patrycja , Piwowar Monika , Chmura Olaf , Milewicz Tomasz
Published: January 2024

Background Hyperandrogenism is among the most common endocrine disorders
in women. Clinically, it manifests as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia. A healthy
lifestyle, including nutritious dietary patterns and physical activity, may
influence the clinical manifestation of the disease. This study determined the
effect of a low-glycemic index anti-inflammatory diet on testosterone levels and
sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and clinical symptoms in hyperandrogenic
women at their reproductive age.

Methods The study included 44 overweight and obese women diagnosed with
hyperandrogenism. The anthropometrics (weight, height, body mass index, waist
circumference, hip circumference), physical activity, and dietary habits were
assessed using valid questionnaires, scales, stadiometer, and tape meter. The
significant p-value was <0.001. Serum testosterone and SHBG levels were
measured using automated immunoassay instruments.

Results The intervention based on a low-glycemic index diet with
anti-inflammatory elements and slight energy deficit decreased total
testosterone levels (p<0.003), increased SHBG levels (p<0.001),
and decreased the free androgen index (FAI; p<0.001). Post-intervention,
overall well-being was much higher than in the pre-intervention period
(p<0.001), and stress was diminished (p<0.001). Western
nutritional patterns positively correlate with clinical hyperandrogenism
progression, whereas several factors of the low-glycemic index diet with
anti-inflammatory elements and slight energy deficit positively associate with
reduced clinical hyperandrogenism symptoms.

Conclusions In overweight and obese women, proper selection of diet,
introduction of moderate physical activity, and reduction in weight, stress
factors, and alcohol consumption translate into several positive effects,
including reduced FAI and symptoms such as acne, hirsutism, menstrual disorders,
and infertility.
Lumen-apposing metal stents for the treatment of pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections and bleeding risk: a propensity matched study
Authors: Mangiavillano Benedetto , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Samanta Jayanta , Auriemma Francesco , Vargas-Madrigal Jorge , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Barbera Carmelo , Ashhab Hazem , Song Tae Jun , Pham Khanh Do-Kong , Teoh Anthony Y.B. , Moon Jong Ho , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Kongkam Pradermchai , Aragona Giovanni , De Lusong Mark A. , Dhar Jahnvi , Ofosu Andrew , Ventra Agostino , Paduano Danilo , Franchellucci Gianluca , Repici Alessandro , Larghi Alberto , Facciorusso Antonio ,   PFC LAMS study group
Published: January 2024

Introduction Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) using the Hot-Axios device has recently been associated with a significant risk of bleeding. This adverse event (AE) seems to occur less frequently with the use of a different device, the Spaxus stent. The aim of the current study was to compare the rates of bleeding between the two stents.

Methods Patients admitted for treatment of PFCs by EUS plus lumen-apposing metal stent in 18 endoscopy referral centers between 10 July 2019 and 28 February 2022 were identified and their outcomes compared using a propensity-matching analysis.

Results 363 patients were evaluated. After a 1-to-1 propensity score match, 264 patients were selected (132 per group). The technical and clinical success rates were comparable between the two groups. Significantly more bleeding requiring transfusion and/or intervention occurred in the Hot-Axios group than in the Spaxus group (6.8% vs. 1.5%; P = 0.03); stent type was a significant predictor of bleeding in both univariate and multivariate regression analyses (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Bleeding necessitating arterial embolization did not however differ significantly between the two groups (3.0% vs. 0%; P = 0.12). In addition, the Hot-Axios was associated with a significantly higher rate of overall AEs compared with the Spaxus stent (9.8% vs. 3.0%; P = 0.04).

Conclusion Our study showed that, in patients with PFCs, bleeding requiring transfusion and/or intervention occurred significantly more frequently with use of the Hot-Axios stent than with the Spaxus stent, although this was not the case for bleeding requiring embolization.
Early Echocardiographic Predictors of Eventual Need for Patent Ductus Arteriosus Treatment: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Koo Jenny , Torres Nohemi , Katheria Anup
Published: January 2024

Objective Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in preterm neonates is associated with end-organ injury including intraventricular hemorrhage. Early treatment may reduce morbidities but may result in overtreatment. This study aimed to examine the association between commonly obtained echocardiographic markers within the first 12 hours of life and eventual treatment of an hsPDA.

Study Design Patients with <32 weeks' gestational age had blinded echocardiograms done within the first 12 hours of life as part of research protocols. Subsequent treatment of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was determined by the clinical team independent of echocardiogram results. t-tests and chi-square tests were done for continuous data and categorical outcomes. A receiver operating curve was created to optimize cutoff values.

Results Among 199 neonates studied (mean time of echocardiogram 6.7 h after birth), those needing PDA treatment had higher left ventricular output (LVO), right ventricular output (RVO), and superior vena cava (SVC) flow (p-values 0.007, 0.044, and 0.012, respectively). Cutoffs for predicting PDA treatment were LVO > 204 mL/kg/min (63% sensitivity, 66% specificity), RVO > 221 mL/kg/min or SVC flow > 99 mL/kg/min (sensitivities 70 and 43%, specificities 48 and 73%, respectively).

Conclusion Preterm neonates with higher markers of cardiac output in the first 12 hours of birth later required PDA treatment. These data are the first to use standard cardiac output measures in the first 12 hours of life to predict the need for future PDA treatment. Further prospective studies will need to be performed to corroborate these associations between echocardiographic markers and clinical outcomes/morbidities.

Key Points
Rapid Access to cis-1,3-Dialkylindanes: Asymmetric Formal Syntheses of epi-Mutisianthol and epi-Jungianol
Authors: Tran Cong So , Yoon Moonsang , Koh Minseob , Yun Hwayoung , Le Long Duc , Kim Seoyeong , Kim Huiae , Kim Jisu , Nguyen Long Huu
Published: January 2024

Concise and strategically unique asymmetric formal syntheses of epi-mutisianthol and epi-jungianol are presented. A novel disconnection approach is introduced to complement previous intramolecular cyclopentannulation strategies. Noteworthy features include: (a) control of the stereogenic benzylic carbon center through 1,3-chirality transfer from chiral indenols via the Johnson–Claisen rearrangement, which yields advanced indene-containing γ,δ-unsaturated esters, and (b) the diastereoselective construction of the cis-1,3-dialkylindane backbone via catalytic hydrogenation of the resulting indene. This approach presents a remarkable method for synthesizing structurally intriguing indane motifs.
Culture as the bad object
Authors: Kerr Nini
Published: January 2024

This paper creatively extends Fairbairn’s theory to investigate the impact of the UK’s hostile environment policy on marginalised communities at the intersection of culture, politics and society. The hostile environment is conceptualised as a disruptive ‘bad object’ in the cultural dimension in alignment with Fairbairn’s theory. Its influence is explored in terms of its unconscious reproduction within the psyche. By juxtaposing context, theory and personal introspection, this paper offers a Fairbairnian exploration of how sociality and sociopolitical contexts interplay with the intricate processes of the human psyche. It provides reflective commentary on how external racial dynamics are internalised within the endopsychic structure, shaping one’s interactions with others, and, more significantly, how one relates to aspects of the self.
A global analysis of bank profitability factors
Authors: Lamothe Prosper , Delgado Enrique , Solano Miguel A. , Fernández Sergio M.
Published: January 2024

We analyze the factors that explain banks’ profitability globally and by region. With increasing globalization, knowing the different aspects of bank profitability is essential for countries’ financial stability and economic growth. This study used a sample of 2,091 commercial banks operating in 110 countries grouped into major world regions. With random effect regression models, the global results show that the internal factors that explain the bank´s profitability are listed entities, impaired loans, efficiency, gross interest margin, and capitalization. For its part, the most significant external factors are related to the position of the countries in the ranking by assets, inflation, unemployment, interest rates, and economic growth. From a regional perspective, the results allow us to deduce with high robustness the existence of variable sets that determine bank profitability in each region and that regional models outperform global models in most cases.
The effects of China’s poverty eradication program on sustainability and inequality
Authors: Pan Ying , Shi Ke , Zhao Zhongxu , Li Yao , Wu Junxi
Published: January 2024

Poverty eradication is the first goal on the United Nations’ list of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the relationships between poverty eradication and the other SDGs remain unclear, and thus current knowledge is insufficient to support the synergized achievement of the SDGs. China eliminated extreme poverty in 2021, and thus in this study, we analyzed the variations in sustainability and equality related to the environment and the provision of public services in China during the poverty eradication program from 2010 to 2020. We combined statistical data, point of interest data, and environmental monitoring and remote sensing data to evaluate progress in China’s 832 poverty-stricken counties. The results showed that the mean values of environmental and public service sustainability indicators improved from 2010 to 2020. In addition, the mean Theil index value decreased from 0.46 to 0.35 during this period, implying a reduction in inequality. Inequality between poverty-stricken and non-poverty-stricken areas accounted for 9.3% of overall inequality among the counties in 2010, and this had decreased to 7.7% in 2020. However, unbalanced regional investment resulted in increased gaps between poverty-stricken and non-poverty-stricken counties in relation to education and health care. Overall, 15% of the population and 54.8% of the land area in poverty-stricken counties experienced both a loss of their advantage in terms of environmental quality compared with non-poverty-stricken counties and greater lags in the provision of public services. Linear estimation showed that investment in poverty-stricken counties should be increased by 226.2 and 72.0% in relation to education and health care, respectively, to eliminate these inequalities.
Time-resolved X-ray diffraction diagnostic development for the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Werellapatha K. , Palmer N. E. , Gorman M. G. , Bernier J. V. , Bhandarkar N. S. , Bradley D. K. , Braun D. G. , Bruhn M. , Carpenter A. , Celliers P. M. , Coppari F. , Dayton M. , Durand C. , Eggert J. H. , Ferguson B. , Heidl B. , Heinbockel C. , Heredia R. , Huckins J. , Hurd E. , Hsing W. , Krauland C. M. , Lazicki A. E. , Kalantar D. , Kehl J. , Killebrew K. , Masters N. , Millot M. , Nagel S. R. , Petre R. B. , Ping Y. , Polsin D. N. , Singh S. , Stan C. V. , Swift D. , Tabimina J. , Thomas A. , Zobrist T. , Benedetti L. R.
Published: January 2024

We present the development of an experimental platform that can collect four frames of x-ray diffraction data along a single line of sight during laser-driven, dynamic-compression experiments at the National Ignition Facility. The platform is comprised of a diagnostic imager built around ultrafast sensors with a 2-ns integration time, a custom target assembly that serves also to shield the imager, and a 10-ns duration, quasi-monochromatic x-ray source produced by laser-generated plasma. We demonstrate the performance with diffraction data for Pb ramp compressed to 150 GPa and illuminated by a Ge x-ray source that produces ∼7 × 1011, 10.25-keV photons/ns at the 400 μm diameter sample.
Terahertz microcomb oscillator stabilized by molecular rotation
Authors: Greenberg James , Heffernan Brendan M. , Rolland Antoine
Published: January 2024

Controlling the coherence between light and matter has enabled the radiation of electromagnetic waves with a spectral purity and stability that defines the Système International (SI) second. Transitions between hyperfine levels in atoms are accessible in the microwave and optical domains, but faithfully transferring such stability to other frequency ranges of interest requires additional components such as optical frequency combs. Such spectral purity and stability are specifically sought out for the terahertz domain for both scientific and commercial applications, including precision studies of molecular physics, next-generation wireless communications, quantum sensors, and terahertz frequency standards. Currently, there is a lack of native frequency references in this spectral range, which is essential for the consistency of measurements and traceability. Small-scale terahertz oscillators, which leverage dissipative Kerr soliton microcombs, present a promising avenue for the generation of terahertz waves that rival the spectral purity of electronic alternatives. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the rotational spectroscopy of nitrous oxide (N2O) with a microcomb-based oscillator. To mitigate the frequency drift encompassed in such waves, we lock the frequency of the microcomb terahertz oscillator to that of a rotational transition of N2O, reducing the fractional frequency stability to a level of 5 × 10−12 at 10 s of averaging time. These results constitute a high performance terahertz oscillator that can be scaled down to a compact size while circumventing the need for frequency multiplication or division of frequency standards. This demonstrates a foundational component needed for future terahertz applications.
General concept for autoignitive reaction wave covering from subsonic to supersonic regimes
Authors: Morii Youhi , Maruta Kaoru
Published: January 2024

We consider a one-dimensional (1D) autoignitive reaction wave in a reactive flow system comprising unburned premixed gas entering from the inlet boundary and burned gas exiting from the outlet boundary. In such a 1D system at given initial temperature, it is generally accepted that steady-state solutions can only exist if the inlet velocity matches either the velocity of deflagration wave, as determined by the burning rate eigenvalue in the subsonic regime, or the velocity of detonation wave as dictated by the Chapman–Jouguet condition in the supersonic regime. Based on our recently published theory that ignition is equivalent to deflagration wave with unity Lewis number, we believe that it is possible to redefine deflagration wave from ignition. Thus, we have developed the general concept of “autoignitive reaction wave” and shown theoretically that there are two distinct regions that can maintain steady-state solutions in both the subsonic and supersonic regimes. Based on this theory, we selected inlet velocities that are predicted to yield either steady-state or flashback solutions and conducted numerical simulations. This novel approach revealed that steady-state solutions are possible not only at the velocity of the deflagration wave in the subsonic regime and the velocity of the detonation wave in the supersonic regime, but also across a broad range of inlet velocities. Furthermore, we identify a highly stable autoignitive reaction wave that emerges when the inlet velocity surpasses the velocity of detonation wave, devoid of the typical shock wave commonly seen in detonation waves. This “supersonic autoignitive reaction wave” lacks the instability-inducing detonation cell structure, suggesting the potential for the development of novel combustor concepts.
Numerical model for linear stimulated Raman scattering in inhomogeneous plasmas
Authors: Yao Weibo , Wang Qing , Tan Shang , Chen Yong , Xiao Chengzhuo
Published: January 2024

Numerical model for calculating convective gains and absolute thresholds of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in inhomogeneous plasmas is constructed based on the Fourier-space method. The model is valid for arbitrary density profiles and scattering geometries, including both backscattering and side scattering. It is shown that 90 deg side scatter has a lower absolute threshold than other scattering geometries. Backscatter, on the other hand, has a relatively large absolute threshold under conventional direct-drive ignition conditions. For a parabolic density profile, the absolute threshold of backscatter decreases dramatically at the peak of parabola, but is still much larger than that of side scatter. We also discuss the absolute thresholds of side scatter under different density profiles, showing not big differences with the linear density profile as well as the analytic formulas. Convective gains, however, are sensitive to the density profiles and collisional damping. The k-space numerical model is verified via analytic formulas and real-space envelope model, and it offers us new perspective on the scattering angles compared with previous models for SRS.
Active oscillator: Recurrence relation approach
Authors: Frydel Derek
Published: January 2024

The present work analyzes stationary distributions of active Brownian particles in a harmonic trap. Generally, obtaining stationary distributions for this system is non-trivial, and to date, no exact expressions are available. In this work, we develop and explore a method based on a transformation of the Fokker–Planck equation into a recurrence relation for generating moments of a distribution. The method, therefore, offers an analytically tractable approach, an alternative to numerical simulations, in a situation where more direct analytical approaches fail. Although the current work focuses on the active Brownian particle model, the method is general and valid for any type of active dynamics and any system dimension.
Numerical study of gas–surface interface effects due to transpiration in a hypersonic flow over a blunt body
Authors: Appar Ahilan , Bajpai Aasheesh , Kumar Rakesh
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the impact of transpiration on a hypersonic flow over a cylinder, considering different degrees of rarefaction. The study analyzes the interaction between freestream argon gas flow at Mach 5 and transpiring argon gas at the fluid–solid interface at a velocity of 10 m/s. Freestream Knudsen numbers considered are 0.002, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.25, spanning from a continuum to rarefied regime. Flow simulations utilize the open-source direct simulation Monte Carlo solver, Stochastic PArallel Rarefied-gas Time-accurate Analyzer. The influence of transpiration on flow and surface properties is examined by comparing non-transpiration and transpiration cases. At all regimes, transpiration increases the normal shock stand-off distance, while a comparison of flow properties along the stagnation line reveals a reduction in the velocity and an increase in the post-shock temperature with transpiration. Surface heat flux comparison indicates that transpiring gas reduces heat flux on the cylinder's upstream-facing front surface at all Knudsen numbers. However, at Kn∞ = 0.25, a shift occurs, and surface heat flux starts increasing locally from the top/bottom point on the cylinder surface through the rear face of the cylinder. Furthermore, a test for the validity of the continuum-based blowing correction correlation function reveals the failure of the empirical model, even in the continuum regime at Kn∞ = 0.002, casting doubt on its applicability to vehicles with curvilinear blunt-body shapes. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis demonstrates that transpiring gas with a number density an order of magnitude higher than the freestream reduces stagnation peak heat flux by nearly 30%, while transpiring gas with a temperature two times higher than the freestream shows a ∼13% reduction.
Ultra-broadband bright light emission from a one-dimensional inorganic van der Waals material
Authors: Mahdikhany Fateme , Driskill Sean , Philbrick Jeremy G. , Adinehloo Davoud , Koehler Michael R. , Mandrus David G. , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , LeRoy Brian J. , Monti Oliver L. A. , Perebeinos Vasili , Kong Tai , Schaibley John R.
Published: January 2024

One-dimensional (1D) van der Waals materials have emerged as an intriguing playground to explore novel electronic and optical effects. We report on inorganic one-dimensional SbPS4 nanotube bundles obtained via mechanical exfoliation from bulk crystals. The ability to mechanically exfoliate SbPS4 nanobundles offers the possibility of applying modern 2D material fabrication techniques to create mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. We find that SbPS4 can readily be exfoliated to yield long (>10 μm) nanobundles with thicknesses that range from 1.3 to 200 nm. We investigated the optical response of semiconducting SbPS4 nanobundles and discovered that upon excitation with blue light, they emit bright and ultra-broadband red light with a quantum yield similar to that of hBN-encapsulated MoSe2. We discovered that the ultra-broadband red light emission is a result of a large ∼1 eV exciton binding energy and a ∼200 meV exciton self-trapping energy, unprecedented in previous material studies. Due to the bright and ultra-broadband light emission, we believe that this class of inorganic 1D van der Waals semiconductors has numerous potential applications, including on-chip tunable nanolasers, and applications that require ultraviolet to visible light conversion, such as lighting and sensing. Overall, our findings open avenues for harnessing the unique characteristics of these nanomaterials, advancing both fundamental research and practical optoelectronic applications.
Aeroacoustic investigation of multi-directional wings aligned in tandem under wing-in-ground effect
Authors: Lai Chenguang , Zhu Yujie , Tan Liangkui , Zhen Zeyu , Tsubokura Makoto
Published: January 2024

The aero-train is an innovative, high-efficiency, and low-consumption vehicle that uses the wing-in-ground effect. It utilizes orbital high voltage to obtain a high lift-to-drag ratio while generates significant noise, which is dominated by the trailing-edge noise from the multi-directional wing. Study of trailing-edge noise generation and propagation is of great significance in realizing the active and passive reduction of the trailing-edge noise; however, various types of mechanisms of the trailing-edge noise under near-wall conditions are unknown. In this study, multi-directional wings with different relative spacings aligned in tandem at 0.3 Mach are numerically simulated using the large eddy simulation combined with Möhring acoustic analogy theory. Numerical results indicate that a spacing of six times of the chord length produces the lowest sound pressure level. Moreover, based on an analytical concept of the main frequency contribution of the source region, the frequency response function of each frequency of the source region is integrated. The results of integration indicate that the dominant noise component is the low-frequency noise below 200 Hz, and the low-frequency noise generates from the wing trailing edge, the wake area, and the aileron tip. In addition, low-frequency noise dominates sound propagation owing to its strong ability of the diffraction and penetration. For the ground effect wing (GEW), the orbital wall surface increases the turbulence around the airframe, creates more chaotic vortex structures, and produces greater noise. This study provides a theoretical basis for noise suppression through optimizing and controlling the GEW trailing edge.
High-temperature tolerant TaOX/HfO2 self-rectifying memristor array with robust retention and ultra-low switching energy
Authors: Ren Sheng-Guang , Xue Yi-Bai , Zhang Yu , Zuo Wen-Bin , Li Yi , Miao Xiang-Shui
Published: January 2024

Due to the heat generation during operations in high-density three-dimensional (3D) integrated chips, a high-temperature tolerant and high-performance self-rectifying memristor (SRM) is a promising candidate for 3D integration. Here, we investigated the high-temperature characteristics of Ta/TaOX/HfO2/Pt SRMs with a 250 nm feature size in an 8 × 8 crossbar array (CBA). The SRMs exhibit high uniformity and can be operated repeatedly at Set (4 V/2 μs) and Reset (-2 V/1 μs) pulses for more than 104 cycles resulting in ultra-low switching energy (5.86 aJ for Set and 77.2 aJ for Reset). High yield of the array indicates the reliable preparation processes. Remarkably, the CBA is capable of stably resistive switching at high temperatures from 300 to 475 K. At 300 K, the SRM shows large nonlinearity (NL, ∼1.4 × 104) and rectification ratio (RR, ∼8.8 × 103) as well as high scalability (330 Mbit); at 475 K, the NL and RR of the SRM can still maintain above 400, and the scalability still reaches 71 Kbit. Moreover, our SRM passed a high-temperature retention test of over 5 × 104 s at 438 K. Segmented fittings of the I–V curves of the SRM at different temperatures were performed, concluding that large NL and RR attributed to the Schottky barriers at TaOX/HfO2 and Pt/HfO2 interfaces, respectively. Our work furnishes a feasible solution for high-density 3D integrated memristors in high-temperature application scenarios represented by automotive-grade chips.
Nutritional characteristics estimated by faecal protein in cattle fed with heterogeneous natural grassland
Authors: Azevedo E. B. , Rosa F. Q. , Dornelles R. R. , Malaguez E. G. , Da Trindade J. K. , Castagnara D. D. , Bremm C. , Liska G. R. , David D. B.
Published: January 2024

Context Improved knowledge of the quality of the diet ingested by grazing cattle requires measurement of the diets selected, including in native pasture rangeland. Aims The goal of the present study was to develop empirical equations to predict the intake, digestibility and protein concentration of the diet selected from faecal crude protein concentration of cattle grazing heterogeneous native grasslands through seasonal cycles in the Pampa biome of southern South America. Methods In Experiment 1, cattle held in metabolism pens were fed native pasture at 15 and 22.5 g DM/kg bodyweight, or ad libitum. In Experiment 2, cattle also housed in metabolism pens were offered mixtures of the native pasture and Italian ryegrass at a proportion of 0.33 and 0.66 of the mixture, or pure ryegrass. Organic-matter intake (OMI), faecal crude protein excretion (fCP), faecal crude protein concentration (fCPc), OM digestibility (OMD) and diet crude protein concentration (dCPc) were measured in Experiments 1 and 2 and relationships were developed between the diet attributes and faecal crude protein (CP). In the Experiment 3, steers grazed native grasslands (NatG), or native grasslands overseeded with Italian ryegrass (NatG + RyeG). Intake and digestibility equations generated in Experiments 1 and 2 were then evaluated in Experiment 3 to estimate diet attributes from faecal protein measures. Key results Three non-linear models (exponential, hyperbolic and mixed, i.e. exponential + hyperbolic) were examined to evaluate the OMD. The mixed model had the highest R2 value (0.74) and the lowest relative prediction error. OMI and dCPc were both linearly related to fCP. The OMD, OMI and dCPc equations were able to detect differences among diets in Experiment 3. Conclusions It was verified that the faecal CP can be used to estimate key nutritional characteristics in cattle grazing heterogeneous grasslands in the Pampa biome in South America. Implications Relationships between faecal CP and key diet attributes can be used to support further research and models for nutritional assessment of the diet and productivity of grazing cattle in the rangeland system examined.
Fire responses of flora in a sclerophyll–rainforest vegetation complex in the Nightcap Range, North Coast, New South Wales
Authors: Benwell Andrew
Published: January 2024

Context Species fire responses were investigated in a mixed sclerophyll–rainforest ecosystem in the Nightcap Range, North Coast, New South Wales. Aims To examine rates of seedling recruitment and resprouting in functional and phytogeographic components of wet sclerophyll forest (WSRf), and adjacent open forest (OF) and rock outcrop shrubland (RO). Methods Species resprouting and seedling recruitment traits (fire responses) were recorded in 45 stem plots and 225 seedling subplots in WSRf, OF and RO. Species fire responses were classified, community fire-response spectra compiled and rates of seedling recruitment and resprouting in WSRf examined in relation to primary fire response, growth-form, habitat and broad functional and phytogeographic species groupings. Species size-regenerative class distribution was used to analyse population structure, fire impact, regeneration and recruitment in resprouter species that comprised most of the mesic-Gondwanan element of the WSRf flora. Key results WSRf, OF and RO habitats had distinctively different fire-response spectra. In WSRf, there was a high proportion of mesophyll resprouter species of Gondwanan origin with nil or very low seedling recruitment, a distinct component of mesophyll seeders of Indo-Malayan origin, as well as sclerophyll seeders and resprouters that also comprised most of the OF and RO floras. Resprouters comprised 75% of the WSRf flora, 50% OF and 10% pavement shrubland. Continuous size-class distributions indicated recruitment between fire events in the majority of mesophyll resprouters in WSRf. Lower total seedling density appeared to reflect inherent species traits and less canopy disturbance by fire. Large sclerophyll species forming the unburnt canopy of WSRf had very low seedling recruitment. Conclusions Different habitats (WSRf, OF and RO) and functional and phytogeographic clades in WSRf display distinctive patterns of resprouting and seedling-recruitment fire response. Fire responses of species that maintain species population and community composition are governed by fire regime, habitat variables and inherent species traits. Implications The distinctive fire-response spectrum of WSRf appears to be a direct consequence of the overlap of ‘new’ and ‘old’ floras in this broad vegetation type.
Healthy ageing in remote Cape York: a co-designed Integrated Allied Health Service Model
Authors: Cairns Alice , Rodda Danielle , Wymarra Frances , Bird Katrina
Published: January 2024

Allied health services in rural and remote hospitals often work in siloed and solo discipline-specific positions. They are often part of general multi-disciplinary teams without a clearly articulated service model that integrates care for individuals and addresses broader community health needs. Integrated care service models for clients with complex disabilities or chronic health needs have demonstrated improved outcomes, but feasible service models are rarely described in the context of rural, remote and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Integration can support primary health care in remote communities where resources are thin, and the breadth of multidisciplinary service providers is not available. A remote health service, in collaboration with a University Department of Rural Health and community partners, developed a community rehabilitation and lifestyle service for adults who experience chronic disease, disability or were at risk of functional decline due to frailty. Using an integrated approach, this model of care improves access to specialist and primary healthcare services, delivers targeted group-based rehabilitation and preventative activities, and addresses community and workforce capacity to meet the needs of the remote community. This paper describes a remote primary health care, Integrated Allied Health Service Model, developed with a focus on the co-ordination and integration of care and resources between the health service, education and community.
A universal design of restructured dimer antigens: Development of a superior vaccine against the paramyxovirus in transgenic rice
Authors: Ma Fanshu , Xu Qianru , Wang Aiping , Yang Daichang , Li Qingmei , Guo Junqing , Zhang Longxian , Ou Jiquan , Li Rui , Yin Heng , Li Kunpeng , Wang Li , Wang Yanan , Zhao Xiangyue , Niu Xiangxiang , Zhang Shenli , Li Xueyang , Chai Shujun , Zhang Erqin , Rao Zihe , Zhang Gaiping
Published: January 2024

The development of vaccines, which induce effective immune responses while ensuring safety and affordability, remains a substantial challenge. In this study, we proposed a vaccine model of a restructured “head-to-tail” dimer to efficiently stimulate B cell response. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using this model to develop a paramyxovirus vaccine through a low-cost rice endosperm expression system. Crystal structure and small-angle X-ray scattering data showed that the restructured hemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) formed tetramers with fully exposed quadruple receptor binding domains and neutralizing epitopes. In comparison with the original HN antigen and three traditional commercial whole virus vaccines, the restructured HN facilitated critical epitope exposure and initiated a faster and more potent immune response. Two-dose immunization with 0.5 μg of the restructured antigen (equivalent to one-127th of a rice grain) and one-dose with 5 μg completely protected chickens against a lethal challenge of the virus. These results demonstrate that the restructured HN from transgenic rice seeds is safe, effective, low-dose useful, and inexpensive. We provide a plant platform and a simple restructured model for highly effective vaccine development.
Quantitative comparison of nuclear transport inhibition by SARS coronavirus ORF6 reveals the importance of oligomerization
Authors: Yoo Tae Yeon , Mitchison Timothy J.
Published: January 2024

Open Reading Frame 6 (ORF6) proteins, which are unique to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related (SARS) coronavirus, inhibit the classical nuclear import pathway to antagonize host antiviral responses. Several alternative models were proposed to explain the inhibitory function of ORF6 [H. Xia
et al
.,
Cell Rep.
33
, 108234 (2020); L. Miorin
et al
.,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
117
, 28344–28354 (2020); and M. Frieman
et al
.,
J. Virol.
81
, 9812–9824 (2007)]. To distinguish these models and build quantitative understanding of ORF6 function, we developed a method for scoring both ORF6 concentration and functional effect in single living cells. We combined quantification of untagged ORF6 expression level in single cells with optogenetics-based measurement of nuclear transport kinetics, using methods that could be adapted to measure concentration-dependent effects of any untagged protein. We found that SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 is ~15 times more potent than SARS-CoV-1 ORF6 in inhibiting nuclear import and export, due to differences in the C-terminal region that is required for the NUP98–RAE1 binding. The N-terminal region was required for transport inhibition. This region binds membranes but could be replaced by synthetic constructs which forced oligomerization in solution, suggesting its primary function is oligomerization. We propose that the hydrophobic N-terminal region drives oligomerization of ORF6 to multivalently cross-link the NUP98–RAE1 complexes at the nuclear pore complex, and this multivalent binding inhibits bidirectional transport.
Extraordinary preservation of gene collinearity over three hundred million years revealed in homosporous lycophytes
Authors: Li Cheng , Wickell David , Kuo Li-Yaung , Chen Xueqing , Nie Bao , Liao Xuezhu , Peng Dan , Ji Jiaojiao , Jenkins Jerry , Williams Mellissa , Shu Shengqiang , Plott Christopher , Barry Kerrie , Rajasekar Shanmugam , Grimwood Jane , Han Xiaoxu , Sun Shichao , Hou Zhuangwei , He Weijun , Dai Guanhua , Sun Cheng , Schmutz Jeremy , Leebens-Mack James H. , Li Fay-Wei , Wang Li
Published: January 2024

Homosporous lycophytes (Lycopodiaceae) are a deeply diverged lineage in the plant tree of life, having split from heterosporous lycophytes (
Selaginella
and
Isoetes
) ~400 Mya. Compared to the heterosporous lineage, Lycopodiaceae has markedly larger genome sizes and remains the last major plant clade for which no chromosome-level assembly has been available. Here, we present chromosomal genome assemblies for two homosporous lycophyte species, the allotetraploid
Huperzia asiatica
and the diploid
Diphasiastrum complanatum
. Remarkably, despite that the two species diverged ~350 Mya, around 30% of the genes are still in syntenic blocks. Furthermore, both genomes had undergone independent whole genome duplications, and the resulting intragenomic syntenies have likewise been preserved relatively well. Such slow genome evolution over deep time is in stark contrast to heterosporous lycophytes and is correlated with a decelerated rate of nucleotide substitution. Together, the genomes of
H. asiatica
and
D. complanatum
not only fill a crucial gap in the plant genomic landscape but also highlight a potentially meaningful genomic contrast between homosporous and heterosporous species.
Unveiling the effect of Ni on the formation and structure of Earth’s inner core
Authors: Sun Yang , Mendelev Mikhail I. , Zhang Feng , Liu Xun , Da Bo , Wang Cai-Zhuang , Wentzcovitch Renata M. , Ho Kai-Ming
Published: January 2024

Ni is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s core. Yet, its effects on the inner core’s structure and formation process are usually disregarded because of its electronic and size similarity with Fe. Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we find that the bcc phase can spontaneously crystallize in liquid Ni at temperatures above Fe’s melting point at inner core pressures. The melting temperature of Ni is shown to be 700 to 800 K higher than that of Fe at 323 to 360 GPa. hcp, bcc, and liquid phase relations differ for Fe and Ni. Ni can be a bcc stabilizer for Fe at high temperatures and inner core pressures. A small amount of Ni can accelerate Fe’s crystallization at core pressures. These results suggest that Ni may substantially impact the structure and formation process of the solid inner core.
‘Proto-conversation’ as a practice in late-stage dementia care
Authors: Hydén Lars-Christer , Ekström Anna , Majlesi Ali Reza
Published: January 2024

This study suggests that the concept of proto-conversation may be used to describe and understand communication with people with late-stage dementia who have lost their abilities to produce verbal language. In the study, a multimodal conversation analytic method is used to analyze sequences of interactions between professional caregivers in an elderly care home and people with late-stage dementia. The study shows how minimal actions (shift of gaze directions, vocalizations or bodily movements) not instantly recognizable as intentional, communicative conduct, may be recognized and treated as communicative contributions by engaging the person living with dementia in proto-conversations. In such interactional sequences, the caregivers do not only turn the contributions of persons with dementia into actions through their responses, but they also treat the persons as agentive actors and position them as partners in interaction.