bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Cocks Animals? ‘Presumptions’ and Facts of ‘Common Knowledge’ in Cases Involving Sanctioned Persons
Authors:   HSE University, Galperin Mikhail L. ,   Private Law Research Centre
Published: February 2025

The article analyses in detail the judicial practice that has been forming since the end of 2021 on the application of Article 248.1 of the Arbitrazh Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in disputes between sanctioned Russian persons and companies from ‘unfriendly’ jurisdictions in the view of the classical doctrines of law of evidence. The author concludes that modern approaches of Russian courts to proving in these cases, despite the fact that they are in line with the general policy of supporting domestic business, are difficult to describe in procedural terms known to jurisprudence. Such an observation makes suspect that we are facing an attempt to solve a problem with procedural tools, which is actually remotely related to evidence, but lies in the plane of substantive law, in the sphere of regulating economic (non-procedural) relations with ‘unfriendly’ foreigners.
Modern Trends in the Development of Evidence in Arbitrazh, Civil and Administrative Procedural Law
Authors:   Arbitrazh Court of the Urals District, Reshetnikova Irina V.
Published: February 2025

Despite the fact that the problems of evidence in civil, arbitrazh, and administrative proceedings have been studied for a long time, many controversial issues remain, which increase due to the development of objective processes in society (digitalisation, etc.). The article reveals some modern trends in the development of evidence in the identified three branches of procedural law. The author dwells on the activation of the court in obtaining evidence from open information sources, on the role of the court in the development of evidence through the formation of the concept of the standard of evidence, indirect presumptions, and the process of digitalisation of legal proceedings, areas of application of artificial intelligence in legal proceedings are considered.
Deep Learning Using Path Length Prediction for Internet of Things
Authors: Sati Salem Omar , Elkharraz Bashir , Abugharsa Afif
Published: February 2025

Sensors are employed in the Internet of Things (IoT) to collect data and establish connections with the internet. An instance of IoT can be seen in a tree-like topology constructed using wireless links. When a topology graph has a path from its root node to any other leaf or child node, and this path is influenced by the quality of wireless connections, it is known as a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph. The root node of the tree topology is responsible for implementing source routing for downstream paths to the leaf nodes of the tree. If the longest path for any node in a tested network graph, including the root, is determined by the maximum hop count, then the graph is considered to be connected. The real world and its applications are impacted by issues related to network connectivity in IoT. Models are employed to examine how changes in link probability and hop count affect the connectivity of the graph. In this research, the proposed Deep Learning (DL) model is evaluated using the Keras regression model. The simulated dataset is generated using the Cooja emulator. The link probability serves as a feature to predict the maximum hop count in the IoT. The predicted hop count based on the link probability aligns accurately with the tested data.
Analisis Evaluasi Metode Kerja pada Proses Pre-Delivery di PT. XYZ Menggunakan Fishbone Diagram dan 5W+1H
Authors: Rizani Nataya Charoonsri , Laksmana Muhammad Satria
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki prosedur operasional pra-pengiriman di Gudang Suku Cadang PT XYZ dengan menerapkan metodologi Fishbone Diagram dan 5W+1H. Tahap pra-pengiriman memastikan bahwa produk yang dikirim memenuhi standar kualitas yang telah ditentukan. Namun, proses ini menghadapi kendala yang cukup besar, seperti ketidakpatuhan terhadap SOP, ketidaktepatan dalam pengambilan barang, dan masalah lingkungan, seperti genangan air di dalam gudang karena saluran air yang tidak memadai. Diagram Fishbone digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab utama masalah, termasuk faktor manusia dan lingkungan. Selanjutnya, pendekatan 5W+1H diterapkan untuk merumuskan solusi konkret yang dapat diimplementasikan, seperti pelatihan ulang SOP, inspeksi tambahan dengan menggunakan bukti foto, dan perbaikan saluran air. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, gudang hanya mencapai 74% dari target KPI sebesar 90%, dengan faktor manusia sebagai penyebab dominan. Implementasi dari solusi yang diusulkan meliputi perbaikan alur kerja yang lebih sistematis, pelatihan intensif, dan pengawasan yang lebih ketat. Selain itu, pengawasan secara berkala juga dirancang untuk memastikan efektivitas perbaikan dalam jangka panjang. Dengan implementasi yang baik, KPI diharapkan dapat meningkat untuk mencapai target, mengurangi keluhan pelanggan, dan meningkatkan citra perusahaan. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini secara signifikan meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas proses pre-delivery di PT XYZ sekaligus memfasilitasi pertumbuhan bisnis perusahaan yang berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan simulasi perhitungan waktu baku, usulan yang diberikan dapat mencapai standar kualitas KPI 90% sebagaimana yang ditetapkan perusahaan.
Kata Kunci: Gudang, Pra-Pengiriman, Diagram Tulang Ikan, 5W + 1H
Examining the Real-life Application Problems in Welding and Fabrication Students’ Mathematics Exercise Books
Authors: Acheampong Philip Adjei , Awuah Francis Kwadwo
Published: February 2025

Vocational education has become the focus of many countries including Ghana because of its economic contribution. One trade area under TVET that is gaining much attention is welding and fabrication because it is used in all aspects of life. Also, welding and fabrication require mathematics competencies. As a result of that, mathematics is taught as part of the welding and fabrication programme in Ghana. The mathematics content taught to welding and fabrication students should be contextualized since it is a professional course. The problem is that TVET students including welding and fabrication students have low interest and do not perform well in mathematics. To address this problem, this study sought to look at the extent to which the mathematics real-life problems in Welding and Fabrication students’ exercise books address the needs of their trade area. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which real-life application problems in welding and fabrication students’ mathematics exercise books are related to the trade area.  To achieve this, a case study research design under the qualitative research method was employed for the study. Data was collected through the analysis of three welding and fabrication students’ mathematics exercise books. These exercise books covered all the exercises from year one to year three. Data were presented using simple frequency and percentages. The results indicated that only 11.27% of the real-life application problems in welding and fabrication students’ exercise books were related to the applications in the welding and fabrication trade area. It can be concluded that teachers teaching mathematics in welding and fabrication programs pay little attention to real-life mathematics problems in the welding and fabrication trade area. This can affect students’ interest and performance in mathematics thereby equipping them with insufficient mathematics skills required in the welding and fabrication trade area
Rubondo Island National Park: Overlooked World’s Largest Tropical Lake Island Protected Area in Tanzania
Authors: Kikoti Imani A , Mushi Robert F.
Published: February 2025

Rubondo Island National Park in Tanzania is a biodiverse conservation area situated within the complex Lake Victoria Regional Mosaic. While other islands have been modified by human activities, Rubondo Island remains a unique model for island conservation, characterized by diverse ecosystems and endangered species like chimpanzees. This makes it an ideal location for research on wildlife behaviour, species conservation, and human-wildlife coexistence. However, little effort has been made to explore the research potential of this island, and it is underrepresented in conservation literature. Existing studies are limited in scope, often focusing on specific species or isolated ecological features, without providing a comprehensive understanding of the island’s biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and broader conservation value on regional and global scales. This review addresses this gap by undertaking a comparison analysis of lake island sizes and synthesizing available research. Literature on Rubondo Island was searched in academic databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus using relevant and specific keywords related to Rubondo Island and its biodiversity. Among the world's lake islands, Rubondo is distinguished as the largest fully protected tropical lake island, free from human habitation or consumptive activities. The island hosts key native species such as sitatunga antelopes (Tragelaphus spekii), bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), vervet (Cercopithecus aethiops), hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious), spotted-necked otter (Hydrictis maculicollis), African clawless otter (Aonyx capensis), and marsh mongoose (Atilax paludinosus), avian, amphibians and reptiles such as crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus). Some of the introduced species, including elephant (Loxodonta africana), giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), colobus monkey (Colobus guereza), suni antelope (Neotragus moschatus), have been successfully integrated into the ecosystem. The island is an Important Bird Area (IBA), hosting over 194 bird species, and is home to 19 reptiles and 11 amphibian species, contributing to ecosystem balance. Its primary lowland Congolese forest is the only intact remnant of this forest type in the Lake Victoria and western Tanzania region. Rubondo also protects vital fish breeding grounds critical for sustaining native and endangered fish populations. Historically inhabited by the Banyarubondo subgroup of the Zinza people, the island retains cultural and spiritual landmarks that warrant preservation. Future research should focus on chimpanzee behaviour, elephant ecosystem roles, avian and fish species updates, vegetation surveys, herpetofauna diversity, and crocodile adaptations to environmental changes
On the presence of sustainable growth trends in the research sector in the RF territories
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after. AG. and NG. Stoletovykh, Fraimovich D. Yu. , Kolosova M. S. ,   Vladimir State University named after. AG. and NG. Stoletovykh, Mishchenko Z. V. ,   Vladimir State University named after. AG. and NG. Stoletovykh
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The work analyzes regional statistics on labor productivity and cost efficiency in the Russian research sector. It also examines international experience in disseminating the knowledge economy.

Goal. The paper identifies the stability of the results of the functioning of the research sector in the territories of the federal districts of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods The paper is based on the study of the theoretical foundations for ensuring the effective work of the scientific sector, the review of advanced technological programs in Russia and the world, the justification of a system of quantitative criteria for an objective assessment of the functioning of fundamental science.

Results and discussion. The analysis of the dynamics of the level of cost efficiency and labor productivity in the scientific sector by the example of federal districts of the Russian Federation allows the authors to state the presence of ambiguous trends in changes in indicators, as well as the fact of weak synergy between science and business. The scientific significance of the work consists in the use of a system of quantitative criteria to determine the effectiveness of trends in the development of the scientific sphere. The practical significance of the approach is associated with the possibility of monitoring based on the developed performance indicators of researchers in order to maintain general innovative activity in the country and accelerate the dynamics of the introduction of advanced technologies.

Conclusion. The value of the study is to justify the need for constant monitoring of the level of impact of scientific processes by regional authorities. The necessary effectiveness should be supported by the state by stimulating cooperation between science and business, accelerated implementation of developments in the real sector of the economy.
Streamlining pedagogical technologies in digital educational environment
Authors:   Synergy University, Anisimov A. Yu. , Aleksakhin A. N. ,   Synergy University, Aleksakhina S. A. ,   Synergy University, Baytimerova L. S. ,   Synergy University
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The transition to a digital economy has a transformational impact on the social environment, including education. The effect of digitalization processes is observed in two directions: on the one hand, the need for personnel with digital skills and competencies is growing, on the other hand, remote and digital technologies are actively used in education. The result of the formation of a new technological structure is the creation and implementation of a qualitatively new educational environment in the digital space, which determines the relevance of adapting pedagogical technologies to the changed conditions for the development of the socio-economic system. The complexity of the process of adapting pedagogical technologies to the digital educational environment is due to the need to develop skills, competencies and skills in accordance with the needs of the formation of qualitatively new human capital.

Goal. To summarize the accumulated experience of transforming pedagogical technologies, to develop an adaptive mechanism for their use in a digital educational environment.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the use of general scientific methods in analyzing the empirical base and accumulated experience in the development and implementation of new pedagogical technologies in the context of the development of a digital educational environment and distance learning formats.

Results and discussion. A consistent study of the process of adaptation of pedagogical technologies gives a comprehensive idea of the peculiarities of the formation and development of the digital educational environment, as well as its impact on the transformation of educational technologies. This approach made it possible to identify and characterize typical models of organizing the educational process using modern pedagogical technologies adapted to the needs of the digital economy. The key result of the study is the development of an adaptive mechanism for their use in a digital educational environment.

Conclusion. In general, the adaptation of pedagogical technologies to modern socioeconomic conditions will not only improve the quality of the educational process in the context of digital transformation, but will also contribute to the development of the necessary and demanded professional competencies of the new generation of human capital.
Research potential of teachers to-be in the system of social partnership
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Dankova V. B.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. In the current situation of socio-economic development of society, the issue of studying the research potential of an individual in scientific research activities (SRA) is of particular relevance. At the same time, the process of forming and identifying research potential can provide clear guidelines that allow describing the features during the period of study in the conditions of a unified educational space of Pedagogical University and Preschool Educational Organization. The research potential of an individual is formed with the help of interconnected management strategies and missions of the university, namely Education, Science and University and Society.

Goal. The study aims to identify the content of complex testing of the research potential of teachers to-be, and display it in the form of subscales. The process of studying the subscales of the research potential of students provides an opportunity to enhance their development of professional knowledge, skills, and competencies with participants in partnership in the context of the implementation of the Three Missions of the university.

Materials and methods. The main provisions of the studies of the research potential of the individual developed by N.V. Bordovskaya, V.V. Gunkov and others served the methodological basis of the study. The components of the subscales specifying the research potential of the individual were determined with the reference to the questionnaire compiled by N.V. Bordovskaya and her colleagues among undergraduate students of the Institute of Psychology and Education of the Kazan Federal University in the field of Pedagogical Education training (Preschool Education profile) during their research work. The obtained data were processed using a licensed version of the Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheet editor.

Results and discussion. The novelty of the results lies in the fact that the study for the first time proposed the analysis of the research potential of students. It allows describing the possible options for personal development with the participants of partnership in accordance with modern ideals of society in the context of implementing the Three Missions of the university.

Conclusion. The practical significance lies in the fact that the proposed empirical material in the SRA of students can help the administration and teachers in choosing offers from the regional labor market for the effective determination of the management strategy in the context of the Three missions of the university.
New data on the 'triggering problem' for presuppositions
Authors: Bade Nadine
Published: February 2025

The paper addresses the question which entailments of complex expressions are more likely to become presupposed meaning (the ‘triggering problem’) by discussing new experimental evidence. Exploiting a word learning paradigm based on visual animations (Bade, Schlenker & Chemla to appear), the experiment discussed tests the predictions of different theories for change of state verbs. The findings suggest that initial states are more likely to be presupposed, whereas result states are spontaneously construed as asserted meaning. Results also show that the change of state itself can be more or less at-issue, depending on whether the result or initial state is salient.
Pseudo-scoping out of relative clauses: an ‘individual concept’ approach
Authors: Palucci Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Sentences where a definite DP is modified by a relative clause containing a universal quantifier (relative clause DPs), like the supervisor that each volunteer reported to, license readings which carry separate presuppositions of uniqueness and existence for each volunteer—henceforth, ‘varying definite readings’ (VDRs). Barker 2022 argues that these readings involve the universal DP scoping out of the relative clause and above the definite and proposes to analyze them using a non-local scope shifting mechanism, like quantifier raising (QR). In this paper, we argue that this is a case of pseudo-scope. Instead, we argue for a functional interpretation of the DP and propose that VDRs result from the definite DP denoting an ⟨e, e⟩ function, from volunteers to supervisors. As support for this claim, we draw a parallel between relative clause DPs and ‘bare DPs’ (the same definite DP but without the relative clause/embedded universal). We observe that both kinds of DPs license VDRs and thus should be analyzed in the same way—yet bare DPs have no universal to undergo QR. Further support for a pseudo-scope analysis comes from one undergeneration and one overgeneration challenge for the QR approach.
Analisis Pelaksanaan Putusan terhadap Kepala Desa dalam Kasus Narkoba dari Perspektif Hukum Tata Usaha Negara
Authors: Navisa Fitria Dewi
Published: February 2025

PTUN memiliki kewenangan dalam hal memeriksa, memutus, dan menyelesaikan sengketa Tata Usaha Negara apabila mendapatkan sebuah pengajuan, dengan melakukan sebuah tidakan berupa pertimbangan yang mana itu didasarkan pada dua hal, yakni pertimbangan tentang perkara peristiwa dan/atau fakta yang terungkap di persidangan, dan pertimbangan mengenai sebuah perjara atau sebuah fakta kejadian yang tekuak didalam proses persidangan hukum. Pertimbangan hukum meliputi pembenaran atau argumentasi hukum serta penalaran yudisial. Ia menawarkan ringkasan hubungan diantara kenyataan hukum yang terbukti selama persidangan dan peraturan Undang-undang yang menjadi landasan perkara dari segi pertimbangan hukum.
Kedudukan Para Pihak Dalam Aktivitas Fintech Peer to Peer Lending di Indonesia
Authors: Putra Komang Satria Wibawa
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisis kedudukan para pihak dalam aktivitas fintech peer to peer lending di Indonesia, khususnya kedudukan perusahaan penyelenggara fintech lending yang memiliki kecenderungan dalam pemahaman masyarakat sebagai pihak pemberi dana atau pemberi pinjaman. Tulisan ini menggunakan jenis penelitian normatif dengan mempergunakan data sekunder berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, serta melakukan analisis data secara normatif kualitatif atau yuridis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran menunjukkan bahwa, pihak-pihak yang berkedudukan dalam aktivitas fintech P2P lending yaitu pemberi dana, penerima dana, dan perusahaan penyelenggara fintech lending. Pemberi dana berkedudukan sebagai peminjam atau kreditur, sedangkan penerima dana berkedudukan sebagai peminjam atau debitur. Keduanya bersama-sama berkedudukan sebagai pengguna LPBBTI. Kemudian, perusahaan penyelenggara pembiayaan fintech lending berfungsi sebagai pihak yang menghubungkan pemberi dana dengan penerima dana melalui sistem elektronik serta dilarang untuk bertindak sebagai pemberi dana dan penerima dana. Dengan demikian, perusahaan penyelenggara fintech lending bukan merupakan perusahaan yang berkedudukan sebagai pendana dalam aktivitas fintech P2P lending.
Transparansi Partisipasi Publik Dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 Tentang Ibu Kota Negara
Authors: Aprilliani Elisabeth Dian , Prameswari Putri Zahva , Wibowo Andika
Published: February 2025

Pemindahan ibu kota Indonesia dari Jakarta ke Kalimantan Indonesia dilatarbelakangi alasan bidang sosial, ekologi, dan ekonomi. Sebelum terjadi perpindahan tersebut, diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 sebagai hal yang mendasari pemindahan ibu kota tersebut. Namun dalam perancangan Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2022 tersebut tidak melibatkan masyarakat, bahkan masyarakat adat yang terdampak langsung dari pemindahan ibu kota tersebut. Bentuk partisipasi masyarakat dalam ranah hukum dan politik dapat dilihat dari keterlibatan masyarakat itu sendiri terhadap pembentukan sebuah Undang-undang. Membuat undang-undang bertujuan mewujudkan tujuan suatu negara mulai dari perencanaan atau program secara rasional, terpadu, serta sistematis. Pada kenyataannya lembaga perwakilan rakyat belum sepenuhnya dapat menjadi wadah untuk memperjuangkan aspirasi dan kepentingan masyarakat karena seringkali wakil rakyat tersebut justru tidak tanggap dengan kepentingan dan aspirasi masyarakat. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses legislasi masih sangat minim. Akibatnya, proses formal pembentukan undang - undang telah membuat gagasan kedaulatan rakyat menjadi usang dan dapat mengarah kepada pembentukan undang - undang yang represif secara tidak langsung.
Anti-sanctions and sanctions economic policy 2022-2025: sanctions, countersanctions, import substitution problems and prospects
Authors:   Kazan innovation university named after V. G. Timiryasov, Manushin D.V.
Published: February 2025

Discusses the main anti-Russian sanctions, identifies the main problems and advantages of the Russian sanctions economy, reveals the main anti-sanctions actions being implemented, and proposes measures to correct sanctions and anti-sanctions policies in the Russian economy.
Revision of the Western Cape endemic genus Stegopterus Burmeister & Schaum, 1840 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae, Trichiini)
Authors: Ricchiardi Enrico , Perissinotto Renzo , Strümpher Werner
Published: February 2025

Stegopterus Burmeister & Schaum, 1840 is a Trichiini genus endemic to the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Until now, it has been regarded as comprising only four species, namely S. vittatus (Fabricius, 1775), S. suturalis (Gory & Percheron, 1833), S. septus Burmeister & Schaum, 1840 and S. obesus Burmeister, 1842. Our study of historical specimens housed in museums and private collections, along with new specimens collected recently, has revealed that there are at least 15 species in this genus of which 11 are new, with S. obesus relegated to incertae sedis (see updated species list below). What is most interesting is that the genus has radiated within a rather restricted region, between the South and West coasts and the Cape Fold Mountains (CFM). This reflects a typical Fynbos distribution, similar to that already described for other insect groups. On the basis of synapomorphy, Stegopterus has now been subdivided into two species groups, namely “vittatus” and “septus.” In this work, 11 new species are described, diagnosed and illustrated, and their geographic distributions are mapped: Stegopterus agulhassp. nov., S. cochraneaesp. nov., S. endroedyisp. nov., S. fuscussp. nov., S. hexrivierisp. nov., S. kromrivierisp. nov., S. lamellussp. nov., S. langebergicussp. nov., S. pallidulussp. nov., S. paardebergisp. nov., S. rotundicepssp. nov. A key for accurately identifying species of Stegopterus is provided. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: S. septus Burmeister & Schaum, 1840, Trichius suturalis Gory & Percheron, 1833 (now S. suturalis) and Cetonia vittata Fabricius, 1775 (now S. vittatus).
Dégénérer : une solution offerte aux apories du genre ?
Authors: Gherovici Patricia
Published: February 2025

Partant du cas d’un jeune adolescent qui se disait « opprimé » par la division des genres après avoir fait un passage à l’acte spectaculaire, je pose la question de la distinction entre le devenir qu’implique le verbe « dégénérer » et l’apparente fixité binaire des genres. Mon travail portera sur la clinique des tendances suicidaires d’analysants perdus dans les « troubles du genre » qui se « retrouvent » dans une identité trans. Référence sera faite au cas de la jeune homosexuelle de Freud et à mon travail sur l’identité trans comme « acte ».
Standardized learner simulation for debriefer training through video conference
Authors: Rhee Jiyoung , Park Hyun Soo
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Debriefing after simulation-based healthcare education (SBHE) is challenging. Educators’ debriefing skills are essential to the success of learning. For debriefing skill training, we designed a simulation course with the standardized learner (SL) through video conference. The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation process of the SL simulation course and evaluate its effectiveness on educators’ self-confidence and debriefing skills.Methods: This simulation course involved six trainees and two trainers. After watching a 5-minute sample video of SBHE, each trainee conducted their role as a debriefer in this video and the trainer acted as a learner (SL) in this video. Following each simulation, individual feedback by the trainer was immediately implemented. To evaluate the course’s effectiveness, trainees’ self-confidence questionnaire was collected, and objective structured assessment of debriefing (OSAD) scores were evaluated.Results: After completing five SL simulation sessions in 2 weeks, the trainees’ self-confidence level and OSAD scores improved significantly (estimate=0.114, standard error=0.020, p<0.001, and p=0.006).Conclusion: This debriefer training course using SL simulation via video conference could improve self-confidence and debriefing skills of trainees. This SL simulation can be used as a new and flexible method for training debriefers.
Séneca en la Corte real de Castilla: fragmentos de monarquía en torno a la traducción De la clemençia al Emperador Nero de Alfonso de Cartagena
Authors: Nogales Rincón David
Published: February 2025

De clementia, tratado dirigido por Séneca al emperador Nerón hacia 55-56, fue objeto de una traducción destinada a Juan II de Castilla, realizada por Alfonso de Cartagena a inicios de la década de 1430. El trabajo buscará reconstruir el contexto cultural, jurídico y político en el que dicha traducción se realizó, marcado por el impulso al uso del perdón real como un medio para alcanzar la paz en el reino y por la centralización del poder en manos del monarca, donde la clemencia, motivo central del tratado, se presentaría como argumento legitimador de dicho perdón y como mecanismo de autorregulación de un poder presentado como absoluto, siguiendo el modelo de la monarquía imperial romana defendido por Séneca en el tratado. El análisis permitirá, asimismo, analizar el trasvase ideológico entre el período romano y la Baja Edad Media y el impacto político de la obra en el siglo XV castellano.
La «voluntad» y lo «voluntario» en la traducción de Carlos de Aragón de la Ética nicomáquea de Aristóteles
Authors: Cuenca Almenar Salvador
Published: February 2025

El artículo evalúa y evalúa la precisión en el uso de los términos equívocos «voluntad» y «voluntario» en la traducción del tercer libro de la Ética nicomáquea de Aristóteles, realizada por Carlos de Aragón a partir de la traslación latina de Leonardo Bruni. Para esclarecer la equivocidad y para orientarnos en la genealogía de estos términos, indicaremos los conceptos latinos y griegos de los que derivan y de los que surge una hipóstasis de largo alcance en la historia del pensamiento europeo: la hipóstasis de la voluntad.
Pier Candido Decembrio, Francesco Barbaro y Alfonso de Cartagena (sobre un pasaje del epistolario de P. C. Decembrio
Authors: Olivetto Georgina
Published: February 2025

El intercambio epistolar entre Alfonso de Cartagena y Pier Candido Decembrio aporta indicios útiles para conocer la relación directa o indirecta del obispo de Burgos con el humanismo italiano. En una de estas misivas, Cartagena afirma haber recibido por intermedio de Nuño de Guzmán un liber declamationum de Decembrio, en cuya segunda parte de contenido misceláneo destacan dos epístolas, una de Francesco Barbaro en que sustenta el régimen político de Venecia y otra de Decembrio en que defiende el gobierno monárquico de Milán. A través del epistolario de Francesco Barbaro se identifican aquí los dos textos que llegaron a manos de Cartagena, producidos en el contexto de la defensa de Brescia frente al asedio del ejército milanés (1438-1439), al tiempo que se da noticia de una epístola inédita de Decembrio.
La narración regia de un arbitraje político en la corte de Juan II de Castilla (1441)
Authors: Nieto Soria José Manuel
Published: February 2025

Entre enero y junio de 1441 la relación conflictiva que venía enfrentado al privado real, Álvaro de Luna, con el grupo nobiliario encabezado por los infantes de Aragón llegó a su máxima expresión. La última manifestación se desarrolló en las calles de la villa de Medina del Campo con la derrota del rey y de su privado. A lo largo de aquellos meses se produjo una profunda crisis política en la que se hizo evidente el aislamiento del monarca. Tras la expulsión de la corte de Álvaro de Luna y ya estando la monarquía bajo el control de grupo nobiliario vencedor, el rey Juan II comunicaría al reino la relación de los acontecimientos acaecidos durante aquellos meses. Así se elaboró una narración imaginativa y novelesca con la que se querría ocultar la quiebra del poder monárquico que habría tenido lugar. Con ello se dio un ejemplo de la importancia política que se otorgaba a la manipulación de la información.
Rome pour ou contre l’Empire ?
Authors: Coquet Édouard
Published: February 2025

Le début du xxe siècle apparaît comme l’apogée de l’union entre les missions catholiques et la colonisation française. Après la Première Guerre mondiale, cette alliance est remise en cause par l’affirmation de l’autorité romaine sur les missions. Malgré la législation laïque, qui n’a que peu de conséquences dans l’espace colonial, le gouvernement français se situe toujours dans une logique de contrôle et cherche à utiliser le catholicisme au service de son influence outre-mer. Mais le Saint-Siège cherche désormais à émanciper les missions à l’égard des puissances coloniales. Les évolutions imposées par Rome, en particulier la promotion des clergés autochtones, suscitent l’hostilité de l’administration coloniale et de certains missionnaires, dont l’engagement religieux reste intrinsèquement lié à la cause de l’expansion française. Cet ouvrage met en lumière l’ambiguïté des relations Église-État à l’échelle de l’ensemble de l’espace colonial français durant l’entre-deux-guerres. Il analyse avec nuance la position des différents acteurs du monde missionnaire catholique.
“Platform Realism”. AI Image Synthesis and the Rise of Generic Visual Content
Authors: Meyer Roland
Published: February 2025

With each update, AI image-synthesis models such as DALL-E and Midjourney promise more “realistic” representations. However, as the essay shows, the supposed “reality” they represent is not only heavily biased toward white, Western, male, middle-class aesthetic values and ideological preferences but is also inherently generic. AI images are derived from billions of past images, filtered through verbal concepts, adapted to corporate standards, and optimized for consumer expectations. The effect might be called “platform realism”: a second-order aesthetic of generic images. The essay develops this concept of “platform realism,” situating AI image synthesis’s aesthetics within a broader history of generic visual content, examining its infrastructural conditions within contemporary platform capitalism, and outlining its implications for digital visual culture.
On the Measurement of Realism in Synthetic Images. From Cornell Box Experiments to ImageNet and Inception Photorealism
Authors: Eriksson Maria
Published: February 2025

Just as in the (older) field of computer graphics, a key goal in the development of generative image models has been the achievement of photorealism—i.e., the making of images that are perceived as indistinguishable from those produced with a camera lens. This paper locates current techniques for assessing photorealism in synthetic images within a longer history of efforts to evaluate realism in computer-generated content. More precisely, I compare two current standards for assessing photorealism in AI-generated images (the so-called FID metric and Inception score) with the assessment methods used in the Cornell box experiments—a compilation of evaluation techniques that set the standard for how realism was evaluated in computer-generated images in the 1980s and onwards. Exploring how ideas about realism and photorealism become translated into algorithmic models, and drawing on the works of Lev Manovich and Hannes Bajohr, I observe a shift from simulative and sequential enactments of photorealism to predictive and connectionist enactments of photorealism, starting in the period between 2014 and 2016. I also reveal how a specific AI training dataset (ImageNet) and neural network (Inception model) has played a central role in shaping the aesthetics of photorealism in generative image making since 2016.
Clearing the Fog. Early Image Processing and the Lunar Surveyor Imaging System (1966‑68)
Authors: Cullen Frances
Published: February 2025

Over the course of the 1960s, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) used some of its substantial resources to develop novel computer-based techniques for improving and enhancing its astronomical images. This article illuminates that early chapter in the history of the algorithmic image by describing the circumstances of the technology’s integration into the imaging system of one NASA program in particular: the Surveyor mission (1966–68). Surveyor used a television camera to capture images of the lunar surface, then telemetered those images back to Earth. There, the images were circulated using a diverse range of technologies that included magnetic tape, various film formats, and a combination of manual and computer-based processing techniques. The analysis shows how, as they were introduced into this already complex and diverse imaging system, these novel image-processing techniques operated as a sort of extended darkroom, essentially duplicating and augmenting an existing logic of information extraction and processing.
Between the Photograph and the Frame. The Fate of the Single Image in the Algorithmic Era
Authors: Grespi Barbara
Published: February 2025

The use of deep-learning algorithms in the production of photographs has challenged a key distinction within media images: that between the photograph and the frame. Theory has often emphasized the non-coincidence of these two modes of the photographic, one incomplete and lacking its own visibility, the other autonomous, unique, and finite. But today, the intervention of algorithms at the stage of image capture weakens this distinction. Even the single photographic snapshot becomes a “vertical” concentration of several images, while an apparently fixed photograph can conceal a “horizontal” series of images that also allow the picture to be viewed as a clip. In the face of these “dense” snapshots, which no longer correspond to human perception and imply a very different dialectic between trace and visualization, singular and plural, snapshot and series, does it still make sense to juxtapose the photographic object and the photogrammatic material used within numerous types of imaging? Or should the photographic be redefined as a genetically serial process?
Integrate Mathematical Understanding to Sustainability Assurance
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zakaria Mohamad Ikram , Ismail Norulhuda Binti , Li Dantong , Li Ninglin , Du Yijing
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the integration of mathematical education with Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) to enhance corporate employees' understanding and application of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) metrics. It highlights how mathematical literacy and data literacy improve employees' ability to analyze ESG data, promoting decision-making transparency and report credibility. The study employs a theory-driven analytical framework supported by case studies from companies such as Shell, Walmart, and IKEA to demonstrate the practical impact of mathematics in ESG reporting. The chapter also examines the role of mathematical modeling, such as lifecycle assessments and carbon footprint calculations, in quantifying environmental impacts. By combining theoretical insights with real-world applications, it underscores the transformative potential of targeted mathematical education in advancing corporate sustainability practices.
Can Music Education Foster Sustainability Awareness?
Authors: Du Yijing , Yusof Sanitah Bte Mohd , Zhang Qiang , Yue Shanshan
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the potential of music education in advancing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals within corporate contexts. Through literature review and case analysis, it demonstrates how music education fosters ESG awareness and employee accountability via emotional engagement, team collaboration, and technological integration. Using IBM's “IBM Songbook” as a case study, the paper highlights its application in enhancing corporate culture, creativity, and sustainability. Despite challenges such as resource limitations, low employee participation, and industry-specific adaptability, the study proposes modular design, technological innovation, and cultural integration as strategies to overcome these obstacles and maximize the long-term impact of music education in achieving corporate sustainability goals.
Neurodegenerative Diseases and Bioimaging of Peripheral Neurotransmitters Mediated Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Shaikh Zuber Peermohammed , Bhise Satish Balkrishna
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. AD is the main cause of dementia worldwide and aging is main risk factor for developing the illness.. Unfortunately, none of these available drugs slow or stop the progression of the disease. Therefore, AD is becoming one of greatest sanitary challenges of this century. While AD classical diagnostic criteria rely on clinical data, newer criteria are needed to identify the disease in its earlier stages. It is currently accepted that AD starts decades before clinical symptoms could be diagnosed. The opportunity to detect biological alterations prior to clinical symptoms would allow early diagnosis or even perhaps change treatment possibilities. The existence of an effective biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer disease would facilitate improved diagnosis and stimulate therapeutic trials. Multidisciplinary clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is time consuming and expensive and relies on experts who are rarely available outside of specialty clinics.
Neuroplasticity
Authors: Asuku Abraham Olufemi , Arinde Emmanuel Sunday , Saliu Salam Babatunde , Oyerinde Toheeb O. , Olajide Tobiloba Samuel , Afolabi Hezekiah Omotayo , Kehinde Afeez
Published: February 2025

An overview of the complex idea of neuroplasticity and its applications to recovery and rehabilitation is given in this chapter. The chapter explores the fundamentals of neuroplasticity, explaining structural and synaptic plasticity as well as important mechanisms like long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP). Applications in neurorehabilitation are addressed. In the framework of neuroplasticity, cognitive training techniques such as memory improvement and skill development are covered. The effects of lifestyle variables that affect neuroplasticity—such as sleep, diet, and exercise—on brain activity are investigated. The chapter highlights the possible future avenues in neuroplasticity research while acknowledging limitations such as individual heterogeneity and ethical constraints. It concludes by highlighting the neuroplasticity's transformative potential and advocating for further research, implementation, and integration into therapeutic procedures to promote cognitive function and promote healing.
Rewiring the Mind
Authors: Kukreja Jyoti , Manoharan Geetha
Published: February 2025

Neuroplasticity, the brain's remarkable ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, has revolutionized our understanding of the human brain's adaptability and resilience. Once considered static after a certain age, the brain is now recognized as a dynamic organ capable of change, growth, and healing.There are two primary types of neuroplasticity: structural and functional. Structural plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change its physical structure in response to learning, experience, or environmental changes. The foundation of neuroplasticity lies in synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses (the junctions between neurons) to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity. This synaptic flexibility allows the brain to adapt to new experiences, learn new information, and recover from injuries. This chapter delves into the science of neuroplasticity, exploring its mechanisms, implications for mental and physical health, and how it can be harnessed to heal the brain after injury or illness.
Motor Neuron Disorder
Authors: Maurya Poonam , Gupta Preeti , Shaima K. A. , Maurya Neelesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

Motor neuron disorder (MND) affects brain and spinal cord motor neurons that drive muscle movement. Motor neuron disease-induced muscle degeneration limits limb movements, breathing, eating, and speaking. Riluzole, edaravone, levodopa, baclofen, phenytoin, quinine, amitriptyline, and fluvoxamine are FDA-approved MND drugs. They have several side effects and barely extend the patient's life by two to three months. These treatments threaten long-term drug use. Thus, MND treatment must be low-cost, natural, and relatively side-effect-free. Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Chinese, and homoeopathy have all researched a variety of plants for their ability to treat MND. Ayurvedic, Chinese, Unani, and Siddha traditional medical systems are among those worldwide that have authorised the use of herbal plants in the treatment of MND. This chapter discusses MND aetiology, conventional treatments, neuroprotective phytochemical research, national regulations, and nano-formulation breakthroughs for MND treatment.
Inclusive Literacy Strategies for Learners With Special Needs
Authors: Parween S. , Ahmad Wasim
Published: February 2025

Inclusive literacy strategies for learners with special needs represent a critical element in ensuring equitable access to education for all students, regardless of their abilities. Literacy, which encompasses reading, writing, listening, and communication skills, is fundamental to the educational experience and plays a key role in learners' academic, social, and emotional development. This chapter explores a range of inclusive literacy strategies that promote active learning and engagement for students with special needs, providing them with the necessary tools to participate fully in classroom activities and society. The chapter also addresses the role of collaboration in supporting inclusive literacy strategies. Educators, specialists, and families must work together to develop and implement effective literacy interventions for learners with special needs. Moreover, peer support and cooperative learning can be incorporated into inclusive literacy practices, fostering a sense of community and belonging among students with and without disabilities. Inclusive literacy ensures that every student, regardless of their abilities or background, has equal access to quality education. The whole idea is to meet the diverse needs of each student, providing them with fair opportunities to learn and grow together.
Biphasic pleural mesothelioma in a electrician working in a railway company: case report and current trends in mesotheliomas in Italy
Authors: Verso Maria Gabriella , Zerbo Stefania , Di Piazza Ambra , Maresi Emiliano , Argo Antonina
Published: February 2025

Background: Mesothelioma is an aggressive tumour that can involve the pleura, the peritoneum, and sometimes other mesothelia, such as the pericardium and the tunica vaginalis testis. Scientific communities have known for a long time the causal correlation between exposure to asbestos (work related or not) and the onset of the disease (in 75% - 90% of cases) and the increasing number of asbestos-correlated mesotheliomas expected in the next years. Case presentation: The authors present the case of an electrician, 66-year-old man, died for pleural mesothelioma, working in Palermo in the company of the Italian Railways for a period of about 20 years, exposed to asbestos. Frequently he disassembled and reassembled the ceiling lights in the train carriages and worked in the same workplace where it was made the asbestos removal from train carriages. The autopsy showed a biphasic pleural mesothelioma, with mainly polymorphic desmoplasticsarcomatous aspects, infiltrating the lung parenchyma, with areas of septal fibrosis and multiple outbreaks of pneumonia and edema. Conclusions: It is fundamental to know workers' risks to formulate a correct etiopathogenetic diagnosis, as in this presented case, not apparently in connection with asbestos (electrician worker). Because of the long latency in the genesis of mesothelioma after asbestos exposure (both because of the work and environmental pollution), it is considered appropriate to increase in Italy the activities of the regional centres of the Health System dedicated to health promotion and health surveillance of the former exposed to asbestos, created and active, unfortunately, only in some regions of our Country.