Mennyit ér a biztonság? Biztonság mint a Magyarországra érkező német szenior turisták költését befolyásoló tényező
Authors: Bíró Csaba 
Published: August 2022

Összefoglalás. A biztonságra evidenciaként tekint az utazó a
desztinációválasztás során. Annak tartalma erősen szubjektív, egyénenként eltérő
szintet képvisel. A COVID–19-járvány időszakában megvalósult kutatásunk
válasszal kívánt szolgálni többek között arra, hogy az időskorú német utazók
esetében mely faktorok határozzák meg leginkább a desztináció preferenciát, és
ez hogyan tükröződik a költésükben. 2021. július–október között megvalósításra
került személyes megkérdezés végső mintáját 347 fő (55+ éves) német szenior
utazó adta. Az eredmények rámutattak, hogy a marketingtudomány által,
általánosan homogénként kezelt fogyasztói szegmens további alszegmensekre
bontható, tipizálható, továbbá a desztináció preferenciát esetükben leginkább az
infrastruktúra minősége és a biztonság határozza meg.

Summary.
Introduction: Tourism does not exist without security. In
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, security is the second most determinant aspect
after physiological concerns. We consider that as an evident fact, thus the
secure nature of a destination is an obvious expectation regarding travelling
aspects. The measure and actual meaning of this latter component is quite
subjective, thus it varies person by person. Security can be investigated from
several aspects, so it is important to highlight that our sample was analysed in
relation to health security concerns.

Investigation materials and methods: In our research, conducted
during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, we pursued to outline the role of
security, as well as the so-called Corona-Protocol, which was established for
prevention purposes regarding the chosen destinations in the case of elderly
travellers, and to find out how it is reflected in their touristic spending. We
conducted personal interviews (PAPI) between July and October 2021 with the
participation of 419 people, whose final sample – after being filtered regarding
age and nationality aspects – consisted of 347 German senior (age group: 55+)
travellers. The survey was carried out on three locations within Hungary (Pécs,
Kalocsa, Budapest) with the participation of coordinators.

Research outcomes: The received replies were analysed – at
first, the 48 touristic variables were submitted to factor analysis, which
helped in the allocation of main components. By the use of these main
components, we identified further sub-segments (traveller types) within the
segments, which gave a superb illustration about the inaccurate nature of the
practice, when senior travellers are considered as a homogenous group. In the
case of five clusters – despite similar age averages – we identified distinct
characteristics concerning the aspects of qualifications, incomes and the
measure of touristic expenses, while the priorities regarding destination
expectations, security, infrastructure and pricing were also different. Despite
their relatively weak explanation capacities, our outcomes – received by
regression modelling – pointed out that regarding our sample, the measure of
touristic expenses was mostly determined by the infrastructural quality of
destination and security. Thereby we can answer the question how much the cost
of security for German senior travellers is. Furthermore, another outcome was
the realisation that different habitat locations within the same home country
have significant impact on the spending of German senior travellers. Our
research could constitute an appropriate basis for further research regarding
the investigated subject and traveller segment.