bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A brief history of Regional Warning Center China (RWC-China)
Authors: He Han , Wang Huaning , Du Zhanle , Huang Xin , Yan Yan , Dai Xinghua , Guo Juan , Wang Jialong
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Solar-terrestrial prediction services in China began in 1969 at the
Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). In
1990, BAO joined the International URSIgram and World Days Service (IUWDS)
and started solar-terrestrial data and prediction interchanges with other
members of IUWDS. The short-term solar activity prediction service with
standard URSIgram codes began in January 1991 at BAO, and forecasts have been
issued routinely every weekday from then on. The Regional Warning Center
Beijing (RWC-Beijing) of IUWDS was officially approved in China in 1991 and
was formally established in February 1992. In 1996, the IUWDS was changed to
the current name, the International Space Environment Service (ISES). In
2000, the RWC-Beijing was renamed RWC-China according to ISES requirements.
In 2001, the National Astronomical Observatories, CAS (NAOC) was established.
All the solar-terrestrial data and prediction services of BAO were taken up
by NAOC. The headquarters of RWC-China is located on the campus of NAOC.
Library experiences of transfer students at an urban campus
Authors: Richter-Weikum Erin , Seeber Kevin
Published: March 2018

This study investigates the library experiences of transfer students at an urban commuter campus in the United States with approximately 20,000 students, 8,500 of whom previously attended another institution. Using a mixed methods approach, we surveyed and interviewed transfer students to gain a better understanding of their use of libraries and their comfort with locating information both before and after transferring between post-secondary institutions. Our findings indicate that there is not a standard “transfer student experience,” although usage of library resources at past institutions does affect students’ perceptions. Subsequently, librarians should develop outreach efforts and information literacy instruction that go beyond first-year students and acknowledge the research skills transfer students bring with them.
“The Surest Support of Their Enormous and Iniquitous Claims”: Legal Expertise and Land Acquisition in Late Colonial New York
Authors: Kim Sung Yup
Published: March 2018

While the close ties between colonial New York's lawyers and great proprietors has been oft-noted, how exactly provincial lawyers supported monopolistic land acquisition has yet to be fully examined. New York's abundance of unsettled land, combined with economic and demographic growth in the eighteenth century, created vast opportunities for speculative ventures. Legal expertise was crucial in making each step of such ventures work. New York lawyers were proficient in using land documents, surveys, and formal court procedures to their clients' advantage. Further, by evaluating and enhancing the value and security of property, facilitating the profitable selling and leasing of land, and suppressing challenges from rebellious tenants and squatters, lawyers allowed speculators to take controlled risks while maximizing profit. By helping wealthy land grabbers gain competitive advantage over rival claimants and settlers both in and out of courts, lawyers greatly contributed to the continued concentration of land-based wealth in New York.
A Classroom Note on Twice Continuously Differentiable Strictly Convex and Strongly Quasiconvex Functions
Authors: Giorgio Giorgi
Published: March 2018

We provide some remarks and clarifications for twice continuously differentiable strictly convex and strongly quasiconvex functions. Characterizations of these classes and their relationships with other classes of generalized convex functions are also examined.
Brief Summary on Frequently-used Properties about Divisibility of Two's Power Plus-minus One
Authors: Li Jian
Published: March 2018

The article collects the most frequently-used properties of two's power plus-minus one, and classifies them into seven sorts in accordance with the criterion of divisibility, indivisiblity, the calculation of the great common divisor and other traits. Each property is marked with its concrete provenance so that it is a useful reference and convenient for researcher to refer. Some new useful identities are also proved in the paper.
Body Posture and Balance Reactions in Girls and Boys Aged 12-15 Years
Authors: Wilczynski Jacek , Habik Natalia , Bieniek Katarzyna , Janecka Sylwia , Karolak Przemyslaw , Wilczynski Igor
Published: March 2018

The objective of the study was analysis of the relationship between body posture and balance reactions in girls and boys aged 12-15 years. The study covered 503 girls and boys aged 12-15 attending randomly selected Primary School, and Junior High School in Poland. Body posture was examined by means of spatial photogrammetry using the projection moire effect. Postural reations were tested on an R50300 Cosmogamma platform by Emildue. In the saggital plane, 297 (59.05%) correct postures and 206 (40.95%) postural defects were observed. In the frontal plane, there were only 3 (0.60%) correct postures, 238 (47.32%) scoliotic postures, 262 (52.09%) residual scoliosis, and 46 (9.15%) idiopathic scoliosis >10°. A significant relationship was observed between anterior-posterior speed with closed eyes and lateral curvature of the spine, both with defects in the saggital plane and without these defects (p=0.044). Lateral curvatures of the spine and defects in the saggital plane are accompanied by a clear increase in the anterior-posterior speed. A significant relationship was found between the mean loading point Y with open eyes and lateral curvature of the spine, both with postural defects and without these defects (p=0.043). This parameter was the highest among the defects in the saggital plane, without lateral curvature of the spine. A significant relationship was also observed between the mean sway X (p=0.009) and the mean sway Y in the test with eyes open (p=0.046), and defects in the saggital plane, both with lateral curvature of the spine and without these defects.
Can We Learn to Hear Ethical Calls? In Honor of Scott Cameron
Authors: Gschwandtner Christina M. ,   International Association for Environmental Philosophy
Published: March 2018

This article tries to grapple with the difficulty of hearing the call of the other and recognizing it as a call that obligates us to ethical response, especially when such a “call” is not issued by a human other but by other species or environmental precarity more broadly. I briefly review how ethical responsibility is articulated by Emmanuel Lévinas and then consider some of the ways in which his philosophy has been applied to environmental questions. I suggest that while some calls might be obvious and obligate by the blatant need almost impossible to ignore, in many cases a hermeneutic context and predisposition is required in order to “hear” a call and understand it as ethically obligating. I conclude with one example of how it might be possible to inculcate such dispositions that would attune us to more careful hearing and might cause us to recognize ethical obligation.
Integrating African Philosophy into the Western Philosophy Curriculum
Authors: Cordeiro-Rodrigues Luis ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2018

In the last three years, there has been a worldwide increase in integrating African philosophy into the philosophy curricula. Nevertheless, given that African philosophy has been largely neglected by Western academia, many philosophers in the West who do wish to integrate it are unaware of how to do it. This article aims at addressing this issue by offering some recommendations on how to integrate African philosophy into the curricula. Particularly, it offers recommendations based on how the history of ancient philosophy, metaphilosophy, ethics and political philosophy have become integrated. Additionally, there is a recommendation for how to make an entirely new module based on African political philosophy.
Current Procedural Terminology Coding for Surgical Pathology: A Review and One Academic Center's Experience With Pathologist-Verified Coding
Authors: Deeken-Draisey Audrey , Ritchie Allison , Yang Guang-Yu , Quinn Margaret , Ernst Linda M. , Guttormsen Ajda , Simionov Gyongyi Ella , Maniar Kruti P.
Published: March 2018

Context.—

The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) system is a standardized numerical coding system for reporting medical procedures and services, and is the basis for reimbursement of health care providers by Medicare and other third-party payers. Accurate CPT coding is therefore crucial for appropriate compensation as well as for compliance with Medicare policies, and erroneous coding may result in loss of revenues and/or significant monetary penalties for a hospital or practice.

Objective.—

To provide a review of the history, current state, and basic principles of CPT coding, in particular as it applies to the practice of surgical pathology, and to present our experience with initiating a new system of pathologist involvement in the review and verification of CPT codes, including the most common codes that require modification in our practice at the time of sign-out or post–sign-out auditing.

Data Sources.—

Review of English language literature, published CPT resources from the American Medical Association and other professional organizations, and billing quality data from a single institution.

Conclusions.—

Although the appropriate extent of physician involvement in CPT coding is a matter of some debate, a multidisciplinary approach involving both health care providers and professional coders appears to be the best way to achieve accuracy.
In a Man's words - the politics of female representation in the public
Authors: Adami Rebecca
Published: March 2018

What one decides fit for appearance through writing and speech bears a political signifi cance that risk being distorted through both language, reception in the public, and through calls for gendered representations. How can work of female philosophers be interpreted as a concern for the world from that of having to respond to a male-dominated discourse through which speech becomes trapped into what one might represent as ‘other’? In this paper, I explore the public reception of two female thinkers who question, in diff erent ways, the dominant notion of the author or philosopher as a male subject; what kind of limitations does the relative notion of ‘female’ pose political action, and how can privilege constitute a hindrance to feminist solidarity?
Data Structures and their Planar Graph Layouts
Authors: Auer Christopher , Bachmaier Christian , Brandenburg Franz , Brunner Wolfgang , Gleißner Andreas
Published: March 2018

In a stack layout, also known as book embedding, the vertices of a graph
are placed on a line and an edge is a data item that is pushed on the
stack at the left vertex and removed at the right vertex. The LIFO
principle of the stack is represented by a rainbow of nesting edges.

We introduce linear cylindric drawings for the representation of the working
principles of fundamental data structures including stack, queue,
double-stack and deque. The resulting graphs are called stack (queue,
double-stack, deque) graphs. We characterize the feasibility of a sequence
of insertions and removals by planarity and use the graph classes to
compare the relative power of these data structures.

In particular, we show that the deque graphs are the linear cylindric
planar graphs and are the subgraphs of the planar graphs with a
Hamiltonian path. In comparison, the double-stack graphs are the graphs
with a linear layout in the plane and are known as the subgraphs of the
planar graphs with a Hamiltonian cycle. Hence, the power of the queue mode
of a deque is expressed both by the differences between Hamiltonian path
and Hamiltonian cycle and by linear layouts on the cylinder and in the
plane. It is also reflected in the dual graph. Linear cylindric drawings
provide an intuitive planar representation of the FIFO principle of a
queue. We show that a queue graph augmented by a Hamiltonian path has a
dual of the same type and that the dual has an Eulerian path. Finally, we study recognition problems.
L’absence de cadre comme obstacle dans l’évaluation des stagiaires par les formateurs de terrain dans les formations à l’enseignement
Authors: ANDRE Bernard , ZINGUINIAN Méliné
Published: March 2018

L’évaluation des enseignants-stagiaires par les enseignants titulaires sur le terrain est source de dilemmes professionnels. Cet article propose une hypothèse de compréhension de ce phénomène : le trouble rencontré par les formateurs de terrain dans l’évaluation des étudiants qu’ils encadrent viendrait de l’absence de cadre lié à cette évaluation dans le contexte suisse étudié, en opposition avec la présence d’un cadre fort et soutenant pour ce qui concerne l’
évaluation de
s élèves. En explorant les enjeux relationnels et communicationnels de cette évaluation, les résultats empiriques confirment cette hypothèse.
Certifier les stagiaires : le « dur travail » voire le « sale boulot » du formateur en établissement scolaire
Authors: ZINGUINIAN Méliné , ANDRE Bernard
Published: March 2018

Cette recherche présente, à partir de l’analyse du contenu des entretiens menés auprès de 15 formateurs de terrain engagés dans la formation des futurs enseignants pour le secondaire obligatoire, la manière dont ils conçoivent leur rôle de formateur et d’évaluateur des pratiques enseignantes. Les résultats montrent qu’ils valorisent le travail de formation et non celui de certification. Cette dernière apparaît comme le « dur travail », voire le « sale boulot » de leur métier. Ils envisagent dès lors des alternatives au dispositif d’évaluation des stages dans lequel ils sont engagés. Si pour certains, certifier les pratiques des stagiaires est à bannir voire à déléguer, pour d’autres, cette tâche est à partager.
The asymmetrically segregating lncRNA cherub is required for transforming stem cells into malignant cells
Authors: Landskron Lisa , Steinmann Victoria , Bonnay Francois , Burkard Thomas R , Steinmann Jonas , Reichardt Ilka , Harzer Heike , Laurenson Anne-Sophie , Reichert Heinrich , Knoblich Jürgen A
Published: March 2018

Tumor cells display features that are not found in healthy cells. How they become immortal and how their specific features can be exploited to combat tumorigenesis are key questions in tumor biology. Here we describe the long non-coding RNA cherub that is critically required for the development of brain tumors in Drosophila but is dispensable for normal development. In mitotic Drosophila neural stem cells, cherub localizes to the cell periphery and segregates into the differentiating daughter cell. During tumorigenesis, de-differentiation of cherub-high cells leads to the formation of tumorigenic stem cells that accumulate abnormally high cherub levels. We show that cherub establishes a molecular link between the RNA-binding proteins Staufen and Syncrip. As Syncrip is part of the molecular machinery specifying temporal identity in neural stem cells, we propose that tumor cells proliferate indefinitely, because cherub accumulation no longer allows them to complete their temporal neurogenesis program.
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals hidden transcriptional variation in malaria parasites
Authors: Reid Adam J , Talman Arthur M , Bennett Hayley M , Gomes Ana R , Sanders Mandy J , Illingworth Christopher J R , Billker Oliver , Berriman Matthew , Lawniczak Mara KN
Published: March 2018

Single-cell RNA-sequencing is revolutionising our understanding of seemingly homogeneous cell populations but has not yet been widely applied to single-celled organisms. Transcriptional variation in unicellular malaria parasites from the Plasmodium genus is associated with critical phenotypes including red blood cell invasion and immune evasion, yet transcriptional variation at an individual parasite level has not been examined in depth. Here, we describe the adaptation of a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) protocol to deconvolute transcriptional variation for more than 500 individual parasites of both rodent and human malaria comprising asexual and sexual life-cycle stages. We uncover previously hidden discrete transcriptional signatures during the pathogenic part of the life cycle, suggesting that expression over development is not as continuous as commonly thought. In transmission stages, we find novel, sex-specific roles for differential expression of contingency gene families that are usually associated with immune evasion and pathogenesis.
Origin and evolution of the nuclear auxin response system
Authors: Mutte Sumanth K , Kato Hirotaka , Rothfels Carl , Melkonian Michael , Wong Gane Ka-Shu , Weijers Dolf
Published: March 2018

The small signaling molecule auxin controls numerous developmental processes in land plants, acting mostly by regulating gene expression. Auxin response proteins are represented by large families of diverse functions, but neither their origin nor their evolution is understood. Here, we use a deep phylogenomics approach to reconstruct both the origin and the evolutionary trajectory of all nuclear auxin response protein families. We found that, while all subdomains are ancient, a complete auxin response mechanism is limited to land plants. Functional phylogenomics predicts defined steps in the evolution of response system properties, and comparative transcriptomics across six ancient lineages revealed how these innovations shaped a sophisticated response mechanism. Genetic analysis in a basal land plant revealed unexpected contributions of ancient non-canonical proteins in auxin response as well as auxin-unrelated function of core transcription factors. Our study provides a functional evolutionary framework for understanding diverse functions of the auxin signal.
The modern spectrum of biopsy-proven renal disease in Chinese diabetic patients—a retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Liu Diankun , Huang Ting , Chen Nan , Xu Gang , Zhang Ping , Luo Yang , Wang Yongping , Lu Tao , Wang Long , Xiong Mengqi , Geng Jian , Nie Sheng
Published: March 2018

Background

Renal biopsies performed in diabetic patients are increasing and becoming more complex. Comprehensive data on modern spectrum of biopsy-proven renal disease in Chinese diabetic patients are lacking.

Methods

In a nationwide renal biopsy survey including 71,151 native biopsies from 2004 to 2014, diabetic patients were identified according to the clinical diagnosis from referral records. The clinical data were extracted from referral records and pathological reports.

Results

A total of 1,604 diabetic patients, including 61 patients with T1DM, were analyzed in this study. The median age is 51.39 ± 11.37 years. Male patients accounted for 58% of the population. We found that only 44.7% of diabetic patients had the isolated pathological diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), while 49.1% had non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) alone, and 6.2% had NDRD superimposed on DN. Nephrotic syndrome (n = 824, 51.4%) was the most common clinical indication for renal biopsy. Among 887 patients with NDRD, membranous nephropathy (n = 357) was the leading diagnosis, followed by IgA nephropathy (n = 179). Hypertensive renal disease (n = 32), tubulointerstitial nephropathy (n = 27) and acute tubular necrosis (n = 16) accounted for 3.5%, 2.9%, 1.7% of the NDRD cases respectively. Nearly a half (49.2%) of patients with T1DM had NDRD.

Discussion

Over 55% diabetic patients with kidney disease were diagnosed as non-diabetic renal disease, among which MN and IgAN were the most common two pathological types.
Plasma anti‐BIRC5 IgG may be a useful marker for evaluating the prognosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Huan , Zhang Xuan , Han Zhifeng , Wang Zhenqi , Wang Yao
Published: March 2018

A recent study demonstrated that circulating levels of IgG antibodies against linear peptide antigens derived from baculoviral IAP repeat‐containing protein 5 isoform 2 (BIRC5) and myc proto‐oncogene protein (MYC) were significantly increased in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study was undertaken to replicate this initial work in an independent sample. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed in‐house to examine plasma IgG antibodies for three linear peptide antigens derived from BIRC5a, BIRC5b, and MYC in 211 patients with NSCLC and 200 control subjects. A Mann–Whitney U‐test demonstrated that plasma anti‐BIRC5a IgG levels, but not anti‐BIRC5b or anti‐MYC IgG levels, were significantly higher in NSCLC patients than control subjects, especially in male patients. Both squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma showed increased anti‐BIRC5a IgG levels, but the IgG levels were not found to be changed significantly in the early stage of NSCLC. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that NSCLC patients with high anti‐BIRC5b IgG levels had better prognosis and longer overall survival (OS) than patients with low anti‐BIRC5b IgG levels, although this significant difference failed to survive the adjustment for age, gender, NSCLC stages, and types. Plasma anti‐BIRC5a and MYC IgG levels did not show significant associations with OS. In conclusion, Plasma anti‐BIRC5 IgG may be a useful marker for assessment of prognosis of NSCLC but not for early diagnosis of this malignancy.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Method for Studying Magnetic Behaviors in Trinuclear Cobalt(II) Compound
Authors: Wang Quan , Li Hang‐Xing , Wang Kun‐Miao , Wang Xiao , Xue Zhe , Jia Lei , Du Lin , Zhao Qi‐Hua
Published: March 2018

A CoII coordination polymer built from a mixed azide and zwitterionic pyridinium ions and its temperature‐dependent magnetic properties are described. We used the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to fit the data, and found the following results: (1) there are strong correlations between the model parameters; (2) the data at above 28 K are well fitted by the magnetism model.
Rheoreversible Metallogels Derived from Coordination Polymers
Authors: Ganguly Sumi , Parveen Rumana , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: March 2018

A series of mixed‐ligand‐based CdII/CoII coordination polymers (CPs) that were derived from two bis(pyridyl)–bis(amide) ligands, 4,4′‐oxybis(N‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)benzamide) (LP) and 4,4′‐oxybis(N‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)benzamide) (LP1), and a variety of dicarboxylates isophthalates, terephthalates, 1,2‐carboxytranscinamates, and 1,3‐ and 1,4‐phenylene dicarboxylates were synthesized based on a rationale that they would occlude solvate guests inside their crystal lattice, thereby rendering these CPs suitable as metallogelators. The CPs were characterized by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Structural analyses revealed that the majority of the CPs were lattice‐occluded molecular solids, which provided us with an opportunity to study their gelation behavior. We observed that, out of eight CPs that were tested, seven were able to produce metallogels. A thorough study of the rheological behavior of the metallogels was performed and CPG1, CPG2, CPG4, and CPG5 were found to exhibit rheoreversible behavior, which was further confirmed by rheological experiments. Interestingly, ligand LP was found to form an aqueous gel, which was exploited to produce silver nanoparticles.
Nafion/Titanium Dioxide‐Coated Lithium Anode for Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Jiang Shuang , Lu Yong , Lu Yanying , Han Mo , Li Haixia , Tao Zhanliang , Niu Zhiqiang , Chen Jun
Published: March 2018

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have shown great potential as high energy‐storage devices. However, the stability of the Li metal anode is still a major concern. This is due to the formation of lithium dendrites and severe side reactions with polysulfide intermediates. We herein develop an anode protection method by coating a Nafion/TiO2 composite layer on the Li anode to solve these problems. In this architecture, Nafion suppresses the growth of Li dendrites, protects the Li anode, and prevents side reactions between polysulfides and the Li anode. Moreover, doped TiO2 further improves the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of the Nafion membrane. Li–S batteries with a Nafion/TiO2‐coated Li anode exhibit better cycling stability (776 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, 1 C=1672 mA g−1) and higher rate performance (787 mA h g−1 at 2 C) than those with a pristine Li anode. This work provides an alternative way to construct stable Li anodes for high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Sleep study–guided multidisciplinary therapy (SGMT) for patients with acute coronary syndrome: Trial rationale and design
Authors: Chua Ai‐Ping , Koo Chieh‐Yang , Kristanto William , Parot Maria Victoria Jane Macalalag , Tan Eugene Siang‐Joo , Koh Esther Hui‐Ting , Abd Gani Munirah Binte , Kojodjojo Pipin , Han Tun‐Oo , Chan Siew‐Pang , Chong Jenny Pek‐Ching , Frampton Christopher , Richards Arthur Mark , Lee Chi‐Hang
Published: March 2018

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an emerging risk marker for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This randomized trial aims to determine the effects of sleep study–guided multidisciplinary therapy (SGMT) comprising overnight sleep study, continuous positive airway pressure, and behavioral therapy for OSA during the subacute phase of ACS. We hypothesize that SGMT will reduce (1) the plasma levels of N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide and suppression of tumorigenicity 2; (2) the estimated 10‐year risk of cardiovascular mortality as measured by the European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) algorithm; and (3) the cardiovascular event rate during a 3‐year follow‐up, compared with standard therapy. In the SGMT trial, 180 patients presenting with ACS will be randomly assigned to SGMT (n = 90) and standard therapy (n = 90) groups. Both groups will receive guideline‐mandated treatment for ACS. Those assigned to SGMT will additionally undergo a sleep study and, if OSA is diagnosed, attend a multidisciplinary OSA clinic where they will receive personalized treatment including continuous positive airway pressure and behavioral/lifestyle counseling. The primary endpoint is the plasma N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide concentration at 7‐month follow‐up. This report presents the baseline characteristics of 117 patients (SGMT group: n =54; standard therapy group: n =63) who had been enrolled into the study as of August 31, 2017. The results of this trial will help us to understand whether active OSA diagnosis and treatment will improve the physiologic and clinical cardiovascular outcomes of this group of patients.
Viscoelastic properties of the posterior eye of normal subjects, patients with age‐related macular degeneration, and pigs
Authors: Zhang Zhen Huan , Pan Meng Xin , Cai Jia Tong , Weiland James D. , Chen Kinon
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to measure, characterize, and compare the viscoelastic properties of the posterior eye of advanced dry age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) patients, age‐matched normal subjects, and pigs (3 groups). Ten horizontal and ten vertical strips of the macula retina and the underneath choroid and sclera were obtained for each group, respectively. They were examined by incremental stress‐relaxation cycles in body‐temperature saline. Mechanical response was characterized by the quasi‐linear viscoelastic model. All the tissues were shown to be nonlinear viscoelastic. Stiffening and isotropization, increased relaxation, and softening and isotropization were found in AMD retina, choroid, and sclera, respectively, which are the mechanical features of the atherosclerotic process. The patients’ medical records were in accordance with epidemiological studies indicating a relationship between the advanced AMD and atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD). Moreover, many differences were found between the viscoelastic properties of porcine and normal human retina, choroid, and sclera. The results suggest that AMD is associated with ASVD through a mechanism involving abnormal retinal, choroidal, and scleral mechanics similar to those seen in the atherosclerotic process. Moreover, researchers should be aware of mechanical differences when using porcine posterior eyes as a substitute for human posterior eyes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2151‐2157, 2018.
Dysregulation of metabolic‐associated pathways in muscle of breast cancer patients: preclinical evaluation of interleukin‐15 targeting fatigue
Authors: Bohlen Joseph , McLaughlin Sarah L. , Hazard‐Jenkins Hannah , Infante Aniello M. , Montgomery Cortney , Davis Mary , Pistilli Emidio E.
Published: March 2018

Background

Breast cancer patients report a perception of increased muscle fatigue, which can persist following surgery and standardized therapies. In a clinical experiment, we tested the hypothesis that pathways regulating skeletal muscle fatigue are down‐regulated in skeletal muscle of breast cancer patients and that different muscle gene expression patterns exist between breast tumour subtypes. In a preclinical study, we tested the hypothesis that mammary tumour growth in mice induces skeletal muscle fatigue and that overexpression of the cytokine interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) can attenuate mammary tumour‐induced muscle fatigue.

Methods

Early stage non‐metastatic female breast cancer patients (n = 14) and female non‐cancer patients (n = 6) provided a muscle biopsy of the pectoralis major muscle during mastectomy, lumpectomy, or breast reconstruction surgeries. The breast cancer patients were diagnosed with either luminal (ER+/PR+, n = 6), triple positive (ER+/PR+/Her2/neu+, n = 5), or triple negative (ER−/PR−/Her2/neu−, n = 3) breast tumours and were being treated with curative intent either with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery or surgery followed by standard post‐operative therapy. Biopsies were used for RNA‐sequencing to compare the skeletal muscle gene expression patterns between breast cancer patients and non‐cancer patients. The C57BL/6 mouse syngeneic mammary tumour cell line, E0771, was used to induce mammary tumours in immunocompetent mice, and isometric muscle contractile properties and fatigue properties were analysed following 4 weeks of tumour growth.

Results

RNA‐sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analyses revealed a dysregulation of canonical pathways involved in oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor signalling and activation, and IL‐15 signalling and production. In a preclinical mouse model of breast cancer, the rate of muscle fatigue was greater in mice exposed to mammary tumour growth for 4 weeks, and this greater muscle fatigue was attenuated in transgenic mice that overexpressed the cytokine IL‐15.

Conclusions

Our data identify novel genes and pathways dysregulated in the muscles of breast cancer patients with early stage non‐metastatic disease, with particularly aberrant expression among genes that would predispose these patients to greater muscle fatigue. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL‐15 overexpression can attenuate muscle fatigue associated with mammary tumour growth in a preclinical mouse model of breast cancer. Therefore, we propose that skeletal muscle fatigue is an inherent consequence of breast tumour growth, and this greater fatigue can be targeted therapeutically.
The thermocapillary migration on rough surfaces
Authors: Dai Qingwen , Li Meng , Khonsari M.M. , Huang Wei , Wang Xiaolei
Published: March 2018

In tribo‐system, thermal gradients will drive the liquid lubricant to migrate from warm to cold regions, resulting in starved lubrication. This study reports an experimental investigation on the influence of surface topography on the migration behavior of paraffin oil lubricants. Experimental results are provided for specimens treated by polishing, shot‐blasting, and sandpaper grinding techniques. 3D surface parameters of average surface roughness Sa and developed interfacial area ratio Sdr are measured via a 3D optical microscope, and the influences on migration behavior are discussed. Experimental results demonstrate that shot‐blasting process is an effective approach to impede the thermocapillary migration, and that decreasing surface roughness will contribute to the obstruction effect. A particular attention is paid to the inherent correlation of the migration capacity with the contact angle and surface free energy.
Synthesis of fly ash/metakaolin geopolymer for concrete retrofitting application
Authors: Ding Yung‐Chin , Chang Wen‐Hua , Lee Wei‐Hao , Wang Shuming , Cheng Ta‐Wui
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research is to use fly ash as raw material to synthesize geopolymer paste that can replace traditional epoxy resin for concrete reinforcement purpose. Fly ash and metakaolin are mixed with alkali solution at predetermined SiO2/Na2O modulus to form geopolymer pastes, which were then used as a binding agent between carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and the concrete substrate. According to the test results, the geopolymer paste synthesized with 0.75 SiO2/Na2O modulus alkali activator have the highest mechanical strength and fire resistance. Under ambient condition, the compressive strength of the concrete cylinder bonded to one layer and two layers CFRP using geopolymers binder is 1.5 times and 2 times of original concrete cylinder, respectively. Under 85% compressive strength loading and elevated temperature, the CFRP (geopolymer) bonded concrete cylinder failed at 516 °C. These test results proved that geopolymer can be a potential binding material for concrete rehabilitation due to its high‐mechanical strength and excellent fire resistance.
Large‐Scale Movements of Postcopulatory Female Blue Crabs Callinectes sapidus in Tidal and Nontidal Estuaries of North Carolina
Authors: Darnell M. Zachary , Kemberling Adam A.
Published: March 2018

For migratory species, understanding the timing, direction, and mechanism of migration is critical for successful fisheries management. We investigated migratory movements of postcopulatory female blue crabs Callinectes sapidus in three estuaries with different tidal regimes in North Carolina using a mark–recapture study. All crabs tagged were within about 2 weeks of the terminal molt to maturity (mating generally takes place immediately after the molt). In general, distances traveled (mean ± SE = 6.8 ± 0.6 km) and net movement rates (0.5 ± 0.05 km/d) were quite low compared to those in previous studies of mature (but not necessarily recently molted) female crabs, suggesting that rapid seaward migration does not take place until several weeks after mating, presumably upon production of a clutch of eggs. Although most crabs moved short distances (85% moved < 15 km), movement was generally oriented seaward, indicating that some down‐estuary movement occurs prior to oviposition, especially in crabs mating in low‐salinity estuaries that would be unsuitable for embryonic and larval development. Crabs moving seaward in the weeks between molting/mating and first oviposition were likely walking rather than swimming and taking advantage of seaward currents, as indicated by the low movement rates and similarities among the three areas.
Topological strings on singular elliptic Calabi-Yau 3-folds and minimal 6d SCFTs
Authors: Del Zotto Michele , Gu Jie , Huang Min-xin , Kashani-Poor Amir-Kian , Klemm Albrecht , Lockhart Guglielmo
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We apply the modular approach to computing the topological string partition function on non-compact elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau 3-folds with higher Kodaira singularities in the fiber. The approach consists in making an ansatz for the partition function at given base degree, exact in all fiber classes to arbitrary order and to all genus, in terms of a rational function of weak Jacobi forms. Our results yield, at given base degree, the elliptic genus of the corresponding non-critical 6d string, and thus the associated BPS invariants of the 6d theory. The required elliptic indices are determined from the chiral anomaly 4-form of the 2d worldsheet theories, or the 8-form of the corresponding 6d theories, and completely fix the holomorphic anomaly equation constraining the partition function. We introduce subrings of the known rings of Weyl invariant Jacobi forms which are adapted to the additional symmetries of the partition function, making its computation feasible to low base wrapping number. In contradistinction to the case of simpler singularities, generic vanishing conditions on BPS numbers are no longer sufficient to fix the modular ansatz at arbitrary base wrapping degree. We show that to low degree, imposing exact vanishing conditions does suffice, and conjecture this to be the case generally.
Time-dependent observables in heavy ion collisions. Part I. Setting up the formalism
Authors: Wu Bin , Kovchegov Yuri V.
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We adapt the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism to study heavy-ion collisions in perturbative QCD. Employing the formalism, we calculate the two-point gluon correlation function G
22

aμ,
bν

due to the lowest-order classical gluon fields in the McLerran-Venugopalan model of heavy ion collisions and observe an interesting transition from the classical fields to the quasi-particle picture at later times. Motivated by this observation, we push the formalism to higher orders in the coupling and calculate the contribution to G
22

aμ,
bν

coming from the diagrams representing a single rescattering between two of the produced gluons. We assume that the two gluons go on mass shell both before and after the rescattering. The result of our calculation depends on which region of integration over the proper time of the rescattering τ

Z
gives the correct correlation function at late proper time τ when the gluon distribution is measured. For (i) τ

Z
≫ 1/Q

s
and τ − τ

Z
≫ 1/Q

s
(with Q

s
the saturation scale) we obtain the same results as from the Boltzmann equation. For (ii) τ − τ

Z
≫ τ

Z
≫ 1/Q

s
we end up with a result very different from kinetic theory and consistent with a picture of “free-streaming” particles. Due to the approximations made, our calculation is too coarse to indicate whether the region (i) or (ii) is the correct one: to resolve this controversy, we shall present a detailed diagrammatic calculation of the rescattering correction in the φ
4 theory in the second paper of this duplex.
Communication, compassion, and computers: Adolescents' and adults' evaluations of online and face‐to‐face deception
Authors: O'Rourke Sean , Eskritt Michelle , Bosacki Sandra
Published: March 2018

We explored Canadian adolescents', emergent adults', and adults' understandings of deception in computer mediated communication (CMC) compared to face to face (FtF). Participants between 13 and 50 years read vignettes of different types of questionable behaviour that occurred online or in real life, and were asked to judge whether deception was involved, and the acceptability of the behaviour. Age groups evaluated deception similarly; however, adolescents held slightly different views from adults about what constitutes deception, suggesting that the understanding of deception continues to develop into adulthood. Furthermore, CMC behaviour was rated as more deceptive than FtF in general, and participants scoring higher on compassion perceived vignettes to be more deceptive. This study is a step towards better understanding the relationships between perceptions of deception across adolescence into adulthood, mode of communication, and compassion, and may have implications for how adults communicate with youth about deception in CMC and FtF contexts.
Associations between friend conflict and affective states in the daily lives of adolescents
Authors: Vannucci Anna , Ohannessian Christine McCauley , Flannery Kaitlin M. , De Los Reyes Andres , Liu Songqi
Published: March 2018

This study examined the associations between friend conflict, defined as arguments with friends, and affective states using a daily diary design in a community sample of adolescents. Participants were 100 U.S. adolescents (13–17 years; 40% girls; 79% white). Adolescents completed an online survey on 14 consecutive evenings. Adolescents reported significantly higher anger/hostility, confusion, and tension/anxiety and less friendliness on days during which they experienced friend conflict relative to no‐conflict days. However, no same‐day associations for depressed affect, fatigue, or vigor were found. Adolescents experiencing friend conflict reported increased next‐day anger/hostility, depressed affect, and tension/anxiety, but not other affective states. Higher levels of anger/hostility and depressed affect predicted an increased likelihood of next‐day friend conflict. Conversely, higher levels of friendliness and vigor predicted a decreased likelihood of next‐day friend conflict. These findings suggest that directional relationships between adolescents' friend conflicts and their affective states vary by affective domain.
Iliotibial Band Impingement by Overhanging Tibial Tray: A Pain Generator after Total Knee Replacement Treatable without Revision
Authors: Kwok Ka-Bon , Fan Jason Chi-Ho , Hung Yuk-Wah , Chan Alexander Pak-Hin , Bernard Tsz-Wan Chow , Lau Lawrence Chun-Man
Published: March 2018

Soft-tissue impingement can cause disabling pain after total knee arthroplasty. We report a case of painful crepitus over Gerdy's tubercle after total knee replacement. Iliotibial band impingement by overhanging tibial tray was diagnosed. The symptom persisted despite physiotherapy and local corticosteroid injection. A combined arthroscopic and open approach was used to excise intraarticular scarring and release the impinged iliotibial band. The painful crepitus was resolved instantaneously without recurrence at 3 year follow-up. Morbidity associated with component revision has been avoided.
Plasma rico em plaquetas e corticoide no tratamento da síndrome de impacto do manguito rotador: Ensaio Clínico randomizado
Authors: Barreto Ronald Bispo , Azevedo Arthur Rangel , Gois Mayvelise Correia de , Freire Marianna Ribeiro de Menezes , Silva Denison Santos , Cardoso Juliana Cordeiro
Published: March 2018

Objetivo Analisar a eficácia do uso de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) no tratamento de pacientes portadores de síndrome de impacto do manguito rotador em comparação ao tratamento com injeção subacromial de corticosteroides.

Métodos O estudo é de caráter comparativo, longitudinal, duplo cego e randomizado. A evolução clínica dos pacientes foi quantificada pelas escalas The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) outcome measure, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating scale e Constant-Murley shoulder outcome score (CMS) no dia da aplicação, e novamente após 1, 3, e 6 meses.

Resultados Não foram encontradas diferenças etsatisticamente significativas (p < 0.05) ao comparar os resultados do DASH outcome measure, UCLA shoulder rating scale, e CMS dos dois grupos na admissão. Após o tratamento, ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora significativa tanto do DASH, quanto do UCLA (p < 0,05). Entretanto, o escore do CMS referente ao tratamento com corticoide mostrou-se pior no 6° mês em comparação com o escore à admissão.

Conclusão Esses achados sugerem que o PRP é um tratamento seguro e que pode ser uma ferramenta útil no arsenal terapêutico contra doenças do manguito rotador, uma vez que não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos que receberam PRP e injeção subacromial de corticosteroides.
The Gender Politics of Confucian Family Law: Contracts, Credit, and Creole Chinese Bilateral Kinship in Dutch Colonial Java (1850s–1900)
Authors: Seng Guo-Quan
Published: March 2018

How did colonial family law reshape the ethnic and gender norms of a creolized entrepreneurial minority? While the literature on colonial Indonesia has tended to view the Dutch colonial preservation ofadat(customary) law as helping to preserve Indonesian women's autonomy and property rights, this essay shows how, in the case of the Indonesian-Chinese entrepreneurial minority, the colonial government's institutionalization of Confucian “Chinese” family law gradually introduced more patriarchal norms for creole Chinese families. The Dutch colonial state's legal regulation of credit and commerce in Java took a moralistic turn in the mid-nineteenth century, giving shape to a more patriarchal and “Chinese” form of the family in Java by the century's end. This legal-moralistic turn took the form of a critique of creole Chinese women on one hand, and the Sinological construction of a body of Confucian “Chinese” private law on the other. For almost half a century, this encroaching colonial ethno-moral critique of creole Chinese credit manipulations and marriage arrangements came up against resistance from Peranakan Chinese matriarchs and patriarchs. In this article, I show how colonial Confucian family law eventually ended creole Chinese women's contract-making and credit-manipulating autonomies by subjecting the “Chinese” household to the civil law authority of the “housefather.”
Domestic Sovereignty,A‘yanDevelopmentalism, and Global Microhistory in Modern Egypt
Authors: Mestyan Adam
Published: March 2018

Through a new type of global microhistory, this article explores the remaking of the political system in Egypt before colonialism. I argue that developmentalism and the origins of Arabic monarchism were closely related in 1860s Egypt. Drawing on hitherto unknown archival evidence, I show that groups of Egyptian local notables (a‘yan) sought to cooperate with the Ottoman governor Ismail (r. 1863–1879) in order to gain capital and steam machines, and to participate in the administration. Ismail, on his side, secured a new order of succession from the Ottoman sultan.A‘yandevelopmentalism was discursively presented in petitions, poems, and treatises acknowledging the new order and naturalizing the governor as an Egyptian ruler. Consultation instead of constitutionalism was the concept to express the new relationship. The collaboration was codified in the Consultative Chamber of Representatives, often interpreted as the first parliament in the Middle East. As a consequence of the sultanic order and the Chamber, Egypt's position within the Ottoman Empire became similar to a pseudo-federal relationship. I conclude by contrasting different ways of pseudo-federalization in the global 1860s, employing a regional, unbalanced comparison with the United Principalities and Habsburg Hungary.
Building “Community” and Markets in Contemporary Cairo
Authors: El-Kazaz Sarah
Published: March 2018

This paper interrogates the political economy of re-regulation in market-driven economies through the lens of transformations in contemporary Cairo. Focusing on property markets, the paper demonstrates that rather than reveling in the “freeing” of real estate through the reversal of rent control laws, private sector actors were working to re-regulate the real estate market. They were not turning to legal mechanisms or patronage networks, but invested in the production of local “community” in central Cairo as they worked to re-regulate the market. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork from 2011–2012, the paper compares how two private sector actors with varying relationships to the market reacted to the reversal of rent control. The paper demonstrates that both actors were mobilizing urban planning and architectural design as modes of societal engineering to foster local particularistic communities as they worked to corner real estate markets both upward toward a high-end clientele and downwards towards low-income residents. In unpacking how these actors mobilized community as they worked to intervene in markets, and their interventions’ contradictions, the paper challenges the idea thattrustor relational networks are the most valued facets of community in market-transitioning economies. It shows that actors value the spatial boundary-setting and particularism of communities as they work to re-regulate markets, and accentuatedifferencerather than trust in those contexts.