bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FGF1 supports glycolytic metabolism through the estrogen receptor in endocrine-resistant and obesity-associated breast cancer
Authors: Castillo-Castrejon Marisol , Sankofi Barbara Mensah , Murguia Stevi Johnson , Udeme Abasi-ama , Cen Hoaning Howard , Xia Yi Han , Thomas Nisha S. , Berry William L. , Jones Kenneth L. , Richard Vincent R. , Zahedi Rene P. , Borchers Christoph H. , Johnson James D. , Wellberg Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2023

Background

Obesity increases breast cancer risk and breast cancer-specific mortality, particularly for people with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors. Body mass index (BMI) is used to define obesity, but it may not be the best predictor of breast cancer risk or prognosis on an individual level. Adult weight gain is an independent indicator of breast cancer risk. Our previous work described a murine model of obesity, ER-positive breast cancer, and weight gain and identified fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) as a potential driver of tumor progression. During adipose tissue expansion, the FGF1 ligand is produced by hypertrophic adipocytes as a stimulus to stromal preadipocytes that proliferate and differentiate to provide additional lipid storage capacity. In breast adipose tissue, FGF1 production may stimulate cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression.

Methods

We explored the effects of FGF1 on ER-positive endocrine-sensitive and resistant breast cancer and compared that to the effects of the canonical ER ligand, estradiol. We used untargeted proteomics, specific immunoblot assays, gene expression profiling, and functional metabolic assessments of breast cancer cells. The results were validated in tumors from obese mice and breast cancer datasets from women with obesity.

Results

FGF1 stimulated ER phosphorylation independently of estradiol in cells that grow in obese female mice after estrogen deprivation treatment. Phospho- and total proteomic, genomic, and functional analyses of endocrine-sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells show that FGF1 promoted a cellular phenotype characterized by glycolytic metabolism. In endocrine-sensitive but not endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells, mitochondrial metabolism was also regulated by FGF1. Comparison of gene expression profiles indicated that tumors from women with obesity shared hallmarks with endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells.

Conclusions

Collectively, our data suggest that one mechanism by which obesity and weight gain promote breast cancer progression is through estrogen-independent ER activation and cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, partly driven by FGF/FGFR. The first-line treatment for many patients with ER-positive breast cancer is inhibition of estrogen synthesis using aromatase inhibitors. In women with obesity who are experiencing weight gain, locally produced FGF1 may activate ER to promote cancer cell metabolic reprogramming and tumor progression independently of estrogen.
Efficacy of tofacitinib on enthesitis in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: analysis of pooled data from two phase 3 studies
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Orbai Ana-Maria , FitzGerald Oliver , Bedaiwi Mohamed , Dona L. Fleishaker  , Mundayat Rajiv , Young Pamela , Helliwell Philip S.
Published: August 2023

Background

Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This post hoc analysis assessed tofacitinib efficacy on enthesitis by baseline location and severity, and impact on disease activity and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), in patients with PsA.

Methods

Data were pooled from two phase 3 studies (NCT01877668/NCT01882439) in patients with PsA receiving tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily to month (M)6 or placebo to M3. Endpoints were: change from baseline in Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI) or Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Enthesitis Index (SPARCC); proportions of patients with enthesitis, relapsed enthesitis after resolution, de novo enthesitis, low disease activity (LDA) or remission (minimal disease activity/very low disease activity; Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score; Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis, and Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis); and PROs (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue [FACIT-F] total and arthritis pain Visual Analog Scale scores). Descriptive statistics were generated by visit and treatment. Change from baseline in PROs was evaluated by multivariate linear regression.

Results

Seven hundred ten patients from two studies were included: 479 had LEI > 0; 545 had SPARCC > 0; and 136 had LEI = 0 and SPARCC = 0 at baseline. At baseline, among patients with LEI > 0 or SPARCC > 0, mean LEI and SPARCC across treatments and enthesitis locations/severities ranged from 1.0–4.4 and 1.3–9.4, respectively. Across several baseline enthesitis locations/severities, changes from baseline in LEI and SPARCC up to M3 were greater with tofacitinib (-2.0–0.4 and -3.5–0.2) vs placebo (-‍0.9–‍0.4 and -1.5–1.1). Enthesitis at M6 was more common in patients with greater baseline enthesitis severity. At M6, ≤ 40% of patients with baseline LEI > 0 or SPARCC > 0 whose enthesitis had resolved by M1/M3 experienced a relapse, and < 14% of patients with baseline LEI = 0 and SPARCC = 0 had de novo enthesitis. LDA/remission rates generally increased with tofacitinib over time. Baseline LEI location was significantly associated with change from baseline in arthritis pain score, while baseline SPARCC severity was significantly associated with change from baseline in FACIT-F total and arthritis pain scores.

Conclusion

Tofacitinib treatment resulted in improvements in enthesitis in patients with PsA, regardless of baseline location or severity.

Trial registration

NCT01877668;NCT01882439.
Resident education in radiology in Europe including entrustable professional activities: results of an ESR survey
Authors:   European Society of Radiology (ESR), Hirvonen Jussi , Becker Minerva , Aronen Hannu J.
Published: August 2023

Entrustable professional activity (EPA) is a tool for comprehensively evaluating the level of confidence in resident performances across various competencies in medicine. The application of and attitudes towards EPAs in radiology across the European Society of Radiology (ESR) national institutional member societies is still to be determined. An online survey was conducted among ESR national institutional member societies to assess the current use of EPAs and other resident assessment forms among different countries.

Although the primary focus was on the use of EPAs, additional questions also addressed the adherence of training programs to the European Training Curriculum (ETC), other methods of continuous assessment, and examinations. A total of 65 responses were received from 38 countries (81% response rate among national institutional member societies). EPAs were being used in radiology in 21% of countries and planned to be used in 26%. Most responders considered EPAs suitable for radiology and, regarding the future, preferred European-level guidelines on EPAs over national or institutional levels. The majority (63%) of national training programs were reported to be similar to or following the content of the ETC, and the majority (95%) of countries rated the requirements of the European Training Curriculum (ETC) to be adequate. In conclusion, EPAs are beginning to be used in radiology resident training programs across Europe, and their use is expected to increase. There seems to be a positive attitude toward using EPAs in radiology and toward a common European framework.

Critical relevance statement As a result of this survey, we found positive attitudes towards using entrustable professional activities (EPA) in radiology among the institutional member societies of the European Society of Radiology (ESR).

Key points

• Twenty-one percent of national member societies use entrustable professional activities (EPA) in radiology.

• There is a positive attitude toward using EPAs in radiology.

• Majority of respondents preferred a common European framework for EPAs.

• Majority of radiology training curricula adhere to the European Training Curriculum (ETC).

Graphical Abstract
Cutaneous microvascular occlusion syndrome as the first manifestation of catastrophic lupus-associated antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a case report
Authors: Hosseini Nastaran-Sadat , Babaei Sharareh , Rahimi Hamid , Gheissari Alaleh , Sedaghat Banafsheh , Pourmahdi-Boroujeni Mahsa , Abtahi-Naeini Bahareh
Published: August 2023

Background

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), defined by thrombotic events or obstetric complications in the presence of persistently high antiphospholipid antibodies, is characterized by a wide variety of clinical presentations and the effects of vascular occlusion can impact almost any organ system or tissue. Since adult-onset APS classification criteria are not well verified in pediatrics (where pregnancy-related problems are rare), estimating childhood prevalence is challenging. Stroke and pulmonary embolism are thromboembolic events occurring in children that can cause considerable long-term morbidity. Children with APS are more prone to recurrent thromboembolism than adults. Cutaneous symptoms are prominent and typically represent the first clue of APS. Although dermatologic findings are exceedingly heterogeneous, it is essential to consider which dermatological symptoms justify the investigation of antiphospholipid syndrome and the required further management.

Case presentation

We describe a seven-year-old Iranian boy with retiform purpura and acral cutaneous ischemic lesions as the first clinical presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome in the setting of systemic lupus erythematous.

Conclusion

APS in pediatrics, is associated with a variety of neurologic, dermatologic, and hematologic symptoms. Therefore, it is essential for pediatricians to be aware of the rare appearance of Catastrophic APS as an initial indication of APS.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Sustainable development economy and the development of green economy in the European Union
Authors: Mentes Mert
Published: August 2023

Background

This study aims to explain the policies implemented by the European Union in transitioning to a green economy. It examines the period from the adoption of sustainable development within the Union to the present, focusing on the EU's strategies for sustainable development and the green economy.

Main text

The study reveals that the European Union has long recognized environmental problems and the impacts of climate change, starting from the 1990s. In response to the global crisis in 2008, the EU embraced the opportunity to build a dynamic, low-carbon, resource-efficient, knowledge-based, and socially inclusive society. Green investments were included in the EU's rescue plan, initiating the green transformation. The study explains the concepts of sustainable development, the green economy, and green growth. It discusses how the European Union implemented its green transformation, particularly through the examination of the European Green Deal. Furthermore, it explores the developments related to climate change and the green economy within the framework of the European 2020 strategy.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the European Union's commitment to addressing environmental challenges and transitioning to a green economy. Future research should focus on assessing the effectiveness of implemented policies and strategies in achieving sustainable development goals. The EU allocated a substantial portion of its budget to support green investments, including green incentives during the 2008 financial crisis, and significant budgets from member states like Germany and France. The EU has set ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, aiming for at least a 40% reduction by 2030 compared to 1990 levels and becoming carbon-neutral by 2050. Future research should also explore the social and economic implications of the green transformation, including job creation and industry competitiveness, to provide valuable insights for policymakers and researchers. This will contribute to enhancing the EU's green policies and advancing the transition to a sustainable and environmentally conscious economy.
Development of a virtual interactive system for Dahua Lou loom based on knowledge ontology-driven technology
Authors: Lu Lu , Li Mengting
Published: August 2023

The Dahua Lou loom, pivotal to Nanjing Yunjin weaving, constitutes an integral part of global intangible cultural heritage. Its intricate weaving technique remains unmatched by modern machinery, marking it as a vital cultural artefact warranting protection. However, current virtual interactive systems grapple with adequately demonstrating its craftsmanship due to limitations like system iteration, multi-system integration, and data interoperability. To address these challenges, this study proposes a method that synergizes knowledge ontology, virtual reality technology, and data-driven design.Knowledge ontology enables enhanced management, reuse, and wide-ranging dissemination of domain knowledge, improving system interoperability. This methodology is utilized in constructing the loom model, animation demonstration, and in integrating it into the virtual interactive system. This multifaceted application of knowledge ontology significantly bolsters the system’s efficiency and optimizes its development, maintenance, and integration processes.This research provides crucial advancements in domain knowledge modeling, 3D visualization, and virtual reality interactive systems, playing a significant role in preserving cultural heritage. Despite certain limitations, it offers an immersive, intuitive, and enriched design experience. The study concludes with a critique of the developed system, discussions on the encountered challenges, and future research directions include improving and expanding the knowledge ontology based on the opinions and practical experiences of domain experts, enhancing system compatibility, and conducting broader evaluations.
Early Ascertainment of Breast Cancer Diagnoses Comparing Self-Reported Questionnaires and Electronic Health Record Data Warehouse: The WISDOM Study
Authors: Leggat-Barr Katherine , Ryu Rita , Hogarth Michael , Stover-Fiscalini Allison , Veer Laura van 't , Park Hannah Lui , Lewis Tomiyuri , Thompson Caroline , Borowsky Alexander , Hiatt Robert A. , LaCroix Andrea , Parker Barbara , Madlensky Lisa , Naeim Arash , Esserman Laura
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE

The goal of this study was to use real-world data sources that may be faster and more complete than self-reported data alone, and timelier than cancer registries, to ascertain breast cancer cases in the ongoing screening trial, the WISDOM Study.

METHODS

We developed a data warehouse procedural process (DWPP) to identify breast cancer cases from a subgroup of WISDOM participants (n = 11,314) who received breast-related care from a University of California Health Center in the period 2012-2021 by searching electronic health records (EHRs) in the University of California Data Warehouse (UCDW). Incident breast cancer diagnoses identified by the DWPP were compared with those identified by self-report via annual follow-up online questionnaires.

RESULTS

Our study identified 172 participants with confirmed breast cancer diagnoses in the period 2016-2021 by the following sources: 129 (75%) by both self-report and DWPP, 23 (13%) by DWPP alone, and 20 (12%) by self-report only. Among those with International Classification of Diseases 10th revision cancer diagnostic codes, no diagnosis was confirmed in 18% of participants.

CONCLUSION

For diagnoses that occurred ≥20 months before the January 1, 2022, UCDW data pull, WISDOM self-reported data via annual questionnaire achieved high accuracy (96%), as confirmed by the cancer registry. More rapid cancer ascertainment can be achieved by combining self-reported data with EHR data from a health system data warehouse registry, particularly to address self-reported questionnaire issues such as timing delays (ie, time lag between participant diagnoses and the submission of their self-reported questionnaire typically ranges from a month to a year) and lack of response. Although cancer registry reporting often is not as timely, it does not require verification as does the DWPP or self-report from annual questionnaires.
NOTCH signalling – a core regulator of bile duct disease?
Authors: Martinez Lyons Anabel , Boulter Luke
Published: August 2023

The Notch signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell–cell communication that mediates cellular proliferation, fate determination and maintenance of stem/progenitor cell populations across tissues. Although it was originally identified as a critical regulator of embryonic liver development, NOTCH signalling activation has been associated with the pathogenesis of a number of paediatric and adult liver diseases. It remains unclear, however, what role NOTCH actually plays in these pathophysiological processes and whether NOTCH activity represents the reactivation of a conserved developmental programme that is essential for adult tissue repair. In this Review, we explore the concepts that NOTCH signalling reactivation in the biliary epithelium is a reiterative and essential response to bile duct damage and that, in disease contexts in which biliary epithelial cells need to be regenerated, NOTCH signalling supports ductular regrowth. Furthermore, we evaluate the recent literature on NOTCH signalling as a critical factor in progenitor-mediated hepatocyte regeneration, which indicates that the mitogenic role for NOTCH signalling in biliary epithelial cell proliferation has also been co-opted to support other forms of epithelial regeneration in the adult liver.
The innovative dimension of the research training programmes under H2020-MSCA-ITN1: a methodological approach to track, measure and analyse innovative aspects and provide policy-feedback conclusions.
Authors: Bitsios Ioannis , Martone Fabrizio , Ricci Riccardo , Arfi Audrey
Published: August 2023

Background: Innovative research training programmes funded by the European Union are essential for the forging of highly skilled researchers to tackle, via breakthrough ideas and solutions, the challenges of our society. Being able to track, measure and analyse innovative aspects of the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, Innovative Training Networks under the Horizon2020 funding scheme enables the impact assessment of such programmes, while filtering best practices and the generated knowledge that could ultimately breed and create further innovation. In parallel, it helps the identification of areas for improvement, the understanding of new needs to be accommodated and the co-design and implementation of EU funding policy activities to further promote innovation and excellence for researchers across Europe and beyond. Methods: In this study, a novel methodological approach is proposed for tracking and analysing innovation, using a representative sample of projects. Basic innovation indicators are examined and considered from the existing literature and from the applicable Multi-Annual Framework Programme Horizon2020. Additional ones are defined, complemented by questionnaires/surveys findings, to capture innovative aspects for which the standard indicators do not apply. Data mining and data visualization tools are used for the collection and processing of data. Innovation Radar2 (IR) reports and HorizonResultsBooster3 services are also engaged for the cross-validation of the identified innovative aspects. Results/Conclusions: The study provides first-level input for policy-feedback activities, by identifying scientific domains and EU countries that may potentially require more attention for innovation generation. It highlights domains that are front-runners and can be used as examples or best practices for under-represented domains in terms of innovative outputs. Collaboration with organisations, defined as medium/high innovators, can increase innovation generation and success in future projects. Best practices are collected to serve as references for designing impactful future training programmes. The excellence of the H2020-MSCA-ITN actions is confirmed via the generated innovations.
The Methodology of the Development Program Implementation of the Chemical Industrial Park
Authors: Vinichenko A. , Lomovcev D. , Lomovceva S.
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the research of the historical preconditions and features of industrial park organization based on the domestic chemical enterprises. Guided by the JSC «Plastic» experience, the authors suggest the design and implementation universal instruments of the development program for the chemical industrial park.
THE ARRANGEMENTS PLAN FORMATION OF THE CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES DIVERSIFICATION
Authors: Kizimov M. , Lomovcev D. , Shevarin P.
Published: August 2023

The variety of internal and external factors prohibits the diversification growth of the Russian chemical enterprises. The factors research gives proof of expediency of the typical development model of the diversification arrangements plan. Jointly with the approbation results there are the diversification model of the ABS-plastics production, including the measure package from the R&D organization to the professional personnel training, in the article.
The Use of Statistical Analysis in the Formation of Product Prices in Market Conditions
Authors: Malyutina O.
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this article is to develop recommendations on the use of statistical analysis in the formation of product prices. Such a process as price formation, especially in market conditions, requires a reasonable approach that takes into account the results of the analysis of variation, dynamics and correlation of prices in time and space. In turn, such an analysis requires the availability of certain statistical information, therefore, the article consistently discusses: the principles underlying the formation of prices and the list of those types of evaluation for which this information is needed; factors that should be taken into account at the stage of product pricing, as well as their impact on demand curves; assessment of demand elasticity, which in turn allows to assess the profitability of sales and, accordingly, the estimated profit from sales. The article presents the directions and methods of statistical analysis necessary for the formation of product prices.
Adaptive design of financial systems: organizational and structural principles of construction
Authors: Levchaev Petr
Published: August 2023

In conditions of increasing complexity of integration ties and the need for systematic consideration of phenomena and problems of various levels, the importance of an integrated approach to research problems of financial management and the implementation of strategies for the development of economic entities that cause possible synergetic changes in the future increases. When designing and developing any types of systems, it is necessary to take into account not only the general methodological foundations of their construction and development in dynamics, but also strive for long-term successful functioning in order to achieve the set strategic development guidelines. The article examines the problems of adaptive construction of financial systems from the point of view of organizational and structural principles of their development in the context of the implementation of a systematic approach.
How to Develop a Company's Financial Strategy Based on Business Valuation Methods
Authors: Abdil'manov Zh.
Published: August 2023

The article explores the possibilities of using business valuation in the system of the financial strategy for the development of an enterprise, analyzes approaches to managing the value of an enterprise. It is concluded that the value of a business is an indicator of its financial stability, since it takes into account not only profitability, but also the risks associated with its activities. Knowing the value of a business allows you to determine the goals and objectives of the enterprise, as well as choose the most optimal financial instruments to achieve your goals. The stages of economic development of an enterprise are determined on the basis of an indicator of its market value for making managerial decisions, ensuring the sustainable development of an enterprise in the conditions of a balance of factors that form the value of an enterprise. As a result of the study, an algorithm for developing a company’s financial strategy based on business valuation methods was proposed. The choice of financial strategy is proposed to be carried out using a matrix approach that reflects the relationship between the results of business valuation and its current financial condition.
Promoting the achievement of sustainable development goals and transformation of Russian business through the development of new financial instruments
Authors: Brovchak S. , Prosvetov O. , Vaschin L. , Zinchenko N.
Published: August 2023

The article discusses the development of practices for the integrated application of ESG standards in the financial market, directly to the activities of financial organizations, as well as to financial instruments. The existing standards of self-regulating organizations are considered and proposals for the formation of a new accounting standard ESG are formed. ESG ratings are considered. Proposals have been formed for the development of new financial instruments and their reflection in legislation.
Subjects of the Development of Systemic Economic Crises: Lessons from the 20th Century
Authors: Basovskiy Leonid , Basovskaya Elena
Published: August 2023

The paper attempts to identify the main subjects that contribute to the development of systemic economic crises that occur with the periodicity of N. Kondratiev’s cycles. Catastrophe theory approaches were used to assess the sustainability of economic growth. Econometric models of stable and unstable relationships between economic growth rates and growth rates of personal consumption of the population, government spending and investment were tested. Unstable connections were modeled in the form of equations of the elementary theory of catastrophes. At the same time, models of stable links and models of catastrophes of various types were built. Judgments about instability were made in the case when the catastrophe models turned out to be more deterministic. The obtained estimates of the stability of economic growth suggest that the early development of instability and the creation of prerequisites for an economic crisis were facilitated by the policies of states and the strategies of financial capital. Signs of instability due to these factors are found 25–30 years before the onset of the crisis. Summarizing the results of the study suggests that the strategies of financial capital and the policy of the state as subjects of the economy can contribute to the development of systemic economic crises.
O NOEMA COMO OBSTÁCULO PARA RESOLUÇÃO DO SOLIPSISMO EM SARTRE
Authors: Pizelli Fabrício
Published: August 2023

Almeja-se discutir o estatuto do noema husserliano presente nos textos da década de trinta, de Jean-Paul Sartre, de modo a indicar os problemas para o empreendimento sartrianao de superar o idealismo e problema do solipsismo. Desse modo, em um dialogo com o pensamento de Husserl, a argumentação do presente estudo se concentra em La transcendance de l’Ego, L’imagination e L’imaginaire e indicações para L’être et le néant. Com efeito, indicamos a não superação do problema do solipsismo nesses textos em função dos constantes elementos idealistas, de influência husserliana, utilizado por Sartre em seu percurso que antecede a publicação de L’être et le néant, de 1943. Por fim, uma vez que o nomea é um recurso utiizado por Husserl para garantir o conhecimento apodítico, o noema configura-se com um aspecto irreal que abre dúvidas sobre a produção de sentido do objeto ser da ordem do transcendental e não do transcendente.
Malignant form of hidroacanthoma simplex: A case report
Authors: Yang Yi-Fei , Wang Rong , Xu Hui , Long Wei-Guo , Zhao Xiao-Hui , Li Yu-Mei
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative illness which results in alterations in cognitive development. It is characterized by loss/dysfunction of cholinergic neurons, and formation of amyloid plaques, and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, among other changes, due to hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein. Exposure to pesticides in humans occurs frequently due to contact with contaminated food, water, or particles. Organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids are associated with the most diagnosed incidents of severe cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of these pesticides on the phosphorylation of tau protein, and its cognitive implications in the development of AD. It was found that exposure to pesticides increased the phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser198, Ser199, Ser202, Thr205, Ser396 and Ser404. Contact with these chemicals altered the enzymatic activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and protein phosphatase-2A. Moreover, it altered the expression of the microtubule associated protein tau gene, and changed levels of intracellular calcium. These changes affected tau protein phosphorylation and neuroinflammation, and also increased oxidative stress. In addition, the exposed subjects had poor level of performance in tests that involved evaluation of novelty, as test on verbal, non-verbal, spatial memory, attention, and problem-solving skills.
Rare ROS1-CENPW gene in pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma and the effect of crizotinib plus AG chemotherapy: A case report
Authors: Wang Tao , Shen Yi-Yu
Published: August 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative illness which results in alterations in cognitive development. It is characterized by loss/dysfunction of cholinergic neurons, and formation of amyloid plaques, and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, among other changes, due to hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein. Exposure to pesticides in humans occurs frequently due to contact with contaminated food, water, or particles. Organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids are associated with the most diagnosed incidents of severe cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of these pesticides on the phosphorylation of tau protein, and its cognitive implications in the development of AD. It was found that exposure to pesticides increased the phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser198, Ser199, Ser202, Thr205, Ser396 and Ser404. Contact with these chemicals altered the enzymatic activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and protein phosphatase-2A. Moreover, it altered the expression of the microtubule associated protein tau gene, and changed levels of intracellular calcium. These changes affected tau protein phosphorylation and neuroinflammation, and also increased oxidative stress. In addition, the exposed subjects had poor level of performance in tests that involved evaluation of novelty, as test on verbal, non-verbal, spatial memory, attention, and problem-solving skills.
American Cold War Hospitality: Portraying Societal Acceptance and Class Mobility of Mexican, Cuban, and Chinese Immigrants in 1950s Sitcoms
Authors: Bernhardt Mark
Published: August 2023

abstract: This article explores how 1950s television producers and corporate sponsors used situation comedies to address critiques of capitalism and US race relations through portrayals of middle-class accessibility for Mexican, Cuban, and Chinese immigrants. Emphasizing their foreignness, they portrayed these immigrants as welcome members of US society, embraced as friends by white Americans who helped them assimilate to show they faced no obstacles to class mobility due to discrimination. If immigrants struggled to join the middle class, it was because of personal shortcomings related to cultural backwardness, which emphasized the importance of assimilation.
Overlooked and Forgotten: John Hunter and Norman Royle and their Work on an Operative Treatment for Spastic Paralysis
Authors: Gale Philippa
Published: August 2023

Abstract: During the 1920s John Hunter and Norman Royle, two Australian medical graduates, pioneered the work on lumbar sympathectomy as a treatment for spastic paralysis. Initially, the operation brought remarkable results and their work received worldwide acclaim before Hunter died in 1924. In due course however, the operation as a remedy for spastic paralysis was rejected. Based on the medical literature of the time this article offers a textual analysis of Hunter and Royle's innovative research and in doing so explains why and how they developed this treatment, the response to it and why their work and Royle, in particular, are generally overlooked and forgotten. Finally, it maintains that their work was important as it left an inspiring legacy and is thereby worthy of historical recognition.
Non-invasive method for assessment of inflammation
Authors: Fine I. , Kaminsky A. , Shenkman L. , Agbaria M.
Published: August 2023

This article explores the potential of non-invasive measurement for elevated levels of erythrocyte aggregation in vivo, which have been correlated with a higher risk of inflammatory processes. The study proposes utilizing a dynamic light scattering approach to measure aggregability. The sensor modules, referred to as “mDLS,” comprise VCSEL and two photodiodes. Two of these modules are placed on an inflatable transparent cuff, which is then fitted to the subject's finger root, with one sensor module positioned on each side. By temporarily halting blood flow for one minute using over-systolic inflation of the cuff, signals from both sensors are recorded. The study involved three distinct groups of subjects: a control group consisting of 65 individuals, a group of 29 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and a group of 34 hospitalized patients with inflammatory diseases. Through experimental results, significant differences in signal kinetic behavior were observed between the control group and the two other groups. These differences were attributed to the rate of red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, which is closely associated with inflammation. Overall, the study emphasizes the potential of non-invasive diagnostic tools in evaluating inflammatory processes by analyzing RBC aggregation.
Fully refractive telecentric f-theta microscope based on adaptive elements for 3D raster scanning of biological tissues
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Schmidt Katharina , Wapler Matthias C. , Wallrabe Ulrike , Czarske Jürgen W. , Koukourakis Nektarios
Published: August 2023

Various techniques in microscopy are based on point-wise acquisition, which provides advantages in acquiring sectioned images, for example in confocal or two-photon microscopy. The advantages come along with the need to perform three-dimensional scanning, which is often realized by mechanical movement achieved by stage-scanning or piezo-based scanning in the axial direction. Lateral scanning often employs galvo-mirrors, leading to a reflective setup and hence to a folded beam path. In this paper, we introduce a fully refractive microscope capable of three-dimensional scanning, which employs the combination of an adaptive lens, an adaptive prism, and a tailored telecentric f-theta objective. Our results show that this microscope is capable to perform flexible three-dimensional scanning, with low scan-induced aberrations, at a uniform resolution over a large tuning range of X=Y=6300 μm and Z=480 μm with only transmissive components. We demonstrate the capabilities at the example of volumetric measurements on the transgenic fluorescence of the thyroid of a zebrafish embryo and mixed pollen grains. This is the first step towards flexible aberration-free volumetric smart microscopy of three-dimensional samples like embryos and organoids, which could be exploited for the demands in both lateral and axial dimensions in biomedical samples without compromising image quality.
A novel method for improving optical component smoothing quality in robotic smoothing systems by compensating path errors
Authors: Deng Yonghong , Hou Xi , Li Bincheng , Wang Jia , Zhang Yun
Published: August 2023

Path deviations caused by geometrical errors in machining equipment significantly affect the machining quality of optical components. To enhance the quality and efficiency of optical component processing, this paper presents a Chebyshev interpolated Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (CILM) aimed at compensating for path deviations in a robotic smoothing system utilized for optical component processing. First, the positioning accuracy of the robotic smoothing system is measured using a laser tracker. Subsequently, an objective function is constructed based on robot kinematics and error models to optimize the geometric errors in the system. Then, the proposed method is adopted to identify the geometric parameters of the robotic smoothing system to compensate for the smoothing path deviations. The compensation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing the absolute positioning accuracy of the robotic smoothing system. Additionally, experimental verification is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the surface quality of optical components through smoothing path compensation. The results of the three experiments indicate that the proposed CILM achieves optical components with peak-to-valley values 15.70%, 28.7%, and 4.01% lower than those obtained before compensation, along with root mean square of 33.67%, 21.57%, and 10.23% lower than before compensation values, respectively. Moreover, the power spectral density curves of CILM exhibit smoother characteristics in comparison to the curves before compensation.
Effect of viewing angle difference on spaceborne optical estimation of floating Ulva prolifera biomass in the Yellow Sea
Authors: Tang Jun , Jiao Junnan , Suo Ziyi , Liu Yuru , Lu Yingcheng
Published: August 2023

Optical remote sensing provides optimal technical support for the detection and quantification of floating macroalgae. Although the spatial scale effect on optical estimation of floating macroalgae coverage or biomass from different images has been clarified, the directional effect on them has not been investigated until now. In this study, synchronous multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) and MODIS images were collected to investigate the multi-angle remote sensing of green tides. A dual thresholding method, based on the difference vegetation index (DVI) and scaled algae index, was employed to determine algae pixels. In addition, piecewise empirical models were developed for MISR and MODIS images to estimate the total biomass of green tides based on laboratory measurements and DVI values. Comparative analysis of DVI histograms and total biomass shows that the sensor zenith angle has a significant impact on the quantification of green tides. Under the same solar conditions, as the sensor zenith angle increases, the optical signals received from algae pixels weaken, resulting in a decrease in the quantification of green tides. In future research, the observation geometry (including the solar/sensor zenith angle and the solar/sensor azimuth angle) needs to be considered to improve the accuracy of optical remote detection and quantification of floating macroalgae.
Tunable optical differential operation based on graphene at a telecommunication wavelength
Authors: Xu Jian , Yi Qianyi , He Mengdong , Peng Yuxiang , Liu Exian , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: August 2023

Optical differential operation based on the photonic spin Hall effect(SHE) has attracted extensive attention in image processing of edge detection, which has advantages of high speed, parallelism, and low power consumption. Here, we theoretically demonstrate tunable optical differential operation in a four-layered nanostructure of prism-graphene-air gap-substrate. It is shown that the spatial differentiation arises inherently from the photonic SHE. Furthermore, we find that the transverse spin-Hall shift induced by the photonic SHE changes dramatically near the Brewster angle with the incident angle increases at a telecommunication wavelength. Meanwhile, the Fermi energy of graphene and the thickness of the air gap can affect the transverse spin shift. Interestingly, we can easily adjust the Fermi energy of graphene in real time through external electrostatic field biasing, enabling fast edge imaging switching at a telecommunication wavelength. This may provide a potential way for future tunable spin-photonic devices, and open up more possible applications for artificial intelligence, such as target recognition, biomedical imaging, and edge detection.
High quality factor unidirectional guided resonances of a silicon-on-lithium niobate photonic crystal slab for a tunable Gires–Tournois interferometer
Authors: Xu Wei , Hong Qilin , Liu Ping , Peng Jialong , Yang Biao , Zhang Jianfa , Zhu Zhihong
Published: August 2023

High quality (Q) factor, tunable unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs) based on a silicon-on-lithium niobate (Si-on-LN) photonic crystal (PhC) slab are proposed and numerically investigated. The Q factors of UGRs decay quadratically with respect to the distance from the Γ point to the wave vector along the Γ-X direction, and high Q factor UGRs are obtained by moving UGR close to the Γ point. Also, a Gires–Tournois interferometer (GTI) based on a UGR with a Q factor of 9465 is numerically demonstrated, which produces a maximum group delay of 30 ps around 1.55 μm with unitary reflectance. The group delay and operation wavelengths of the GTI can be adjusted effectively by tuning the refractive index of lithium niobate (LN) and the periods of the silicon bars. Our study may find applications in PhC surface-emitting lasers, dispersion compensation, and compression of light pulses.
2.2 kW Single-Mode Narrow-Linewidth Laser Delivery Through a Hollow-Core Fiber
Authors: Cooper Matthew , Wahlen Joseph , Yerolatsitis Stephanos , Delgado Daniel , Parra Daniel , Tanner Ben , Ahmadi Peyman , Jones Owen , Habib Md Selim , Divliansky Ivan , Antonio-Lopez Jose , Schülzgen Axel , Correa Rodrigo Amezcua
Published: August 2023

Antiresonant hollow-core fibers (AR-HCFs) have opened up exciting possibilities for high-energy and high-power laser delivery, thanks to their exceptionally low nonlinearities and high damage thresholds. While these fiber designs offer great potential for handling kilowatt-class powers, it is crucial to understand their fundamental limitations by investigating their performance at multi-kW power levels. Until now, efforts to deliver a narrow-linewidth single-mode laser at multi-kW power levels through a hollow core fiber have been unsuccessful. Here, we demonstrate the successful delivery of a record 2.2 kW laser power with a spectral linewidth of 84 GHz, centered at 1080 nm, while maintaining over 95% efficiency. This was achieved using a 6.25 m long AR-HCF with low-loss properties. Furthermore, we show power delivery of 1.7 kW with a spectral linewidth as narrow as 38 GHz. Our results could lead to a new generation of fiber-based laser beam delivery systems with applications in precision machining, nonlinear science, and directed energy.
Metapopulation dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a small-scale Amazonian society
Authors: Kraft Thomas S. , Seabright Edmond , Alami Sarah , Jenness Samuel M. , Hooper Paul , Beheim Bret , Davis Helen , Cummings Daniel K. , Rodriguez Daniel Eid , Cayuba Maguin Gutierrez , Miner Emily , de Lamballerie Xavier , Inchauste Lucia , Priet Stéphane , Trumble Benjamin C. , Stieglitz Jonathan , Kaplan Hillard , Gurven Michael D.
Published: August 2023

The severity of infectious disease outbreaks is governed by patterns of human contact, which vary by geography, social organization, mobility, access to technology and healthcare, economic development, and culture. Whereas globalized societies and urban centers exhibit characteristics that can heighten vulnerability to pandemics, small-scale subsistence societies occupying remote, rural areas may be buffered. Accordingly, voluntary collective isolation has been proposed as one strategy to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 and other pandemics on small-scale Indigenous populations with minimal access to healthcare infrastructure. To assess the vulnerability of such populations and the viability of interventions such as voluntary collective isolation, we simulate and analyze the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection among Amazonian forager-horticulturalists in Bolivia using a stochastic network metapopulation model parameterized with high-resolution empirical data on population structure, mobility, and contact networks. Our model suggests that relative isolation offers little protection at the population level (expected approximately 80% cumulative incidence), and more remote communities are not conferred protection via greater distance from outside sources of infection, due to common features of small-scale societies that promote rapid disease transmission such as high rates of travel and dense social networks. Neighborhood density, central household location in villages, and household size greatly increase the individual risk of infection. Simulated interventions further demonstrate that without implausibly high levels of centralized control, collective isolation is unlikely to be effective, especially if it is difficult to restrict visitation between communities as well as travel to outside areas. Finally, comparison of model results to empirical COVID-19 outcomes measured via seroassay suggest that our theoretical model is successful at predicting outbreak severity at both the population and community levels. Taken together, these findings suggest that the social organization and relative isolation from urban centers of many rural Indigenous communities offer little protection from pandemics and that standard control measures, including vaccination, are required to counteract effects of tight-knit social structures characteristic of small-scale populations.
Effect of Test and Treat on clinical outcomes in Nigeria: A national retrospective study
Authors: Lavoie Marie-Claude C. , Ehoche Akipu , Blanco Natalia , Ahmed El-Imam Ibrahim , Oladipo Ademola , Dalhatu Ibrahim , Odafe Solomon , Adebajo Sylvia , Ng Alexia H. , Rapoport Laura , Lawton Jonathan G. , Obanubi Christopher , Onotu Denis , Patel Sadhna , Ikpeazu Akudo , Ashefor Greg , Adebobola Bashorun , Adetinuke Boyd Mary , Aliyu Gambo , Stafford Kristen A.
Published: August 2023

Background

In Nigeria, results from the pilot of the Test and Treat strategy showed higher loss to follow up (LTFU) among people living with HIV compared to before its implementation. The aim of this evaluation was to assess the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation within 14 days on LTFU at 12 months and viral suppression.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected de-identified patient-level data hosted on the Nigeria National Data Repository from 1,007 facilities. The study population included people living with HIV age ≥15. We used multivariable Cox proportional frailty hazard models to assess time to LTFU comparing ART initiation strategy and multivariable log-binomial regression for viral suppression.

Results

Overall, 26,937 (38.13%) were LTFU at 12 months. Among individuals initiated within 14 days, 38.4% were LTFU by 12 months compared to 35.4% for individuals initiated >14 days (p<0.001). In the adjusted analysis, individuals who were initiated ≤14 days after HIV diagnosis had a higher hazard of being LTFU (aHR 1.15, 95% CI 1.10–1.20) than individuals initiated after 14 days of HIV diagnosis. Among individuals with viral load results, 86.2% were virally suppressed. The adjusted risk ratio for viral suppression among individuals who were initiated ≤14 days compared to >14 days was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

LTFU was higher among individuals who were initiated within 14 days compared to greater than 14 days after HIV diagnosis. There was no difference for viral suppression. The provision of early tailored interventions to support newly diagnosed people living may contribute to reducing LTFU.