bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
For a Contemporary Vision of the History and the Phenomenology of Fashion
Authors: Giurdanella Alessia M. M.
Published: March 2024

This paper traces the salient phenomena that have marked the history of fashion and define it as it is now-adays. Foremost, an attempt is made to value the term “fashion” under different lights. From the 18th century onward, there was a succession of historical, political, social, and cultural changes that accelerated the phenomenon consolidation of fashion as a cultural phenomenon of great importance and dynamism, both in terms of its incursions into the languages of art and in terms of the international economy.
A few focuses follow: on Lombard clothing, on how some items played different roles besides clothing, on the costume in the Goldoni’s theater, on the twentieth-century Decadentism of Oscar Wilde, and others. Other aspects that characterize the industry today follow: the intersection of fashion with all the other arts, the role of magazines in the process of women’s emancipation, the meaning of “fashion showcase”, luxury brands and the phenomenon of their counterfeiting, the role of the “prosumer”, and sustainable fashion laws, looking toward a future zero-carbon society.
The Impact of Training Program Utilizing Elastic Bands on Selected Physical and Skill Variables among Volleyball Players
Authors: Aziz Nassar Ahmad Farouq , Altloul Bashir Mohammed Othman , Zakarneh Ismail , Jarrad Maha R.k. , İssa Alaa , Saboubi Nihayah A.raheem Hasan , Daraghma Ahmed
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to explore the impact of a training program using elastic bands on selected physical and skill variables among volleyball players of Palestine Technical University – Kadoorie. Twenty male volleyball players were selected, their arithmetic average age was 20.45 years, and they were divided into two groups, (10) players for the pre-training test (control) and (10) players for the post-training test (experimental). The experimental group participated in an elastic band training program for two months. The data were analyzed using the statistical analysis program SPSS, and this was done by t-test to determine the differences between the pre- and post-measurements and the equivalence between the experimental and control group. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the post-measurement between the experimental and control groups for selected physical and skill variables among the volleyball players, in favor of the experimental group. The percentage and p values of change in these measure variables tests were the Spiking (20.51%; p=0.011), Blocking (18.18%; p=0.001), Vertical Jump from Standstill (9.71%; p=0.033), Vertical Jump from Movement (5.37%; p=0.037), Medical Ball Throws from Overhead (2.81%; p=0.022), Medical Ball Throws from Chest (3.23%; p=0.001), and Push-Up (35.80%; p=0.001). This study concludes that elastic band training represents a promising evolution in the development of volleyball players, and is considered a comprehensive approach to improving their physical and skill attributes and enhancing their overall abilities on the court. This study recommended conducting additional research and applying elastic band training in the field of sports performance.
Generalization of ⊕-Cofinitely Radical Supplemented Modules
Authors: Haldız Şeyma , Eryılmaz Figen
Published: March 2024

In this study, we clarify 𝑚𝑔𝑠⊕−modules that are the generalization of ⊕−cofinitely radical supplemented modules and look at some of their basic characteristics. Additionally, we determine the prerequisites for the factor module of an arbitrary 𝑚𝑔𝑠⊕−module to be a 𝑚𝑔𝑠⊕−module and characterized semiperfect rings with the aid of this module.
PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION UNDER LONG-TERM STRESS: A RELEVANT APPROACH FOR EFFECTIVELY ACHIEVING RESULTS
Authors: OVERCHUK VICTORIIA , KONONENKO OKSANA , BEREZKA SOFIIA , LIESNICHENKO NINA , OSTOPOLETS IRYNA , LAPSHOVA NATALIA
Published: March 2024

This article aims to declare effective, practical methods of psychosocial rehabilitation for patients under long-term stress conditions. Long nervous tension forces the body to be at the limit all the time. This can lead to the development of cardiovascular and other diseases. It has been established that the subject area under consideration has a significant research and organizational and methodological direction in psychology. It has become a considerable part of the population's psychiatric care content. The study revealed the signs of chronic stress and how to recover from it. The obtained result of the scientific analysis of the subject area can be used in the practical activities of medical specialists in organizing psychiatric care for the population for compiling educational programs to improve the professional qualifications of medical psychologists and psychiatrists. The review substantiates the relevance and novelty of research areas for further development of the problem of improving the organization and content of psychiatric care for patients with mental disorders after long-term stress.
The effectiveness of treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis with the use of substitution therapy in women with hormonal status disorders
Authors: Abaev Z. M. , Sagina O. V. , Zabalueva E. Y.
Published: March 2024

Relevance. In clinical observations, a combination of somatic pathology with various forms of periodontal tissue diseases has long been established. Hormonal status is of particular interest in this direction, since hormonal failure causes disturbances in the hormonal background of a person.

Goal. The aim is to increase the effectiveness of treatment of women with chronic generalized periodontitis on the background of hormonal imbalance by correcting the receptor status of the gingival epithelium.

Materials and methods of research. The research methodology provided for the integration of clinical, laboratory, histological and immunohistochemical methods. To realize the purpose of the study, a systematic approach was used, which was based on the analysis of the content of interrelated sources of primary information. The object of the study were women aged 18 to 59 years, who were assessed for periodontal status against the background of gynecological pathology and hormonal imbalance with the use of substitution therapy.

Conclusions. The inclusion in the complex treatment of periodontal tissue diseases of drugs with receptor-modulating and anti-inflammatory effect normalizes the work of the receptor apparatus of the gingival epithelium, which increases the effectiveness of the treatment of periodontal pathology.
Optimization of the condition of organs and tissue of the oral during the retention period of orthodontic treatment
Authors: Fedorova A. V. , Soldatov V. S. , Soldatova L. N. , Jordanishvili A. K.
Published: March 2024

Relevance. The retention period is the most important stage during which the structural and functional state of the organs and tissues of the mouth must be fully restored after long-term orthodontic treatment. An increase in the time spent by orthodontic equipment in the oral cavity associated with the use of retention devices also increases the risk of developing complications from the hard tissues of teeth and periodontal tissue, while the problem of preventing these complications is not fully addressed.

Purpose. Based on a multi-level study of the condition of the organs and tissues of the mouth, to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of modern domestic means of intraoral hygiene in the retention period of orthodontic treatment.

Materials and methods. 84 patients aged 18 to 45 years during the retention period of orthodontic treatment were examined. The control group consisted of 32 people using usual hygiene products. Patients of the second group (28 people) were prescribed anti-inflammatory hygiene products for the first 7 days after removal of the equipment; then using a combination of anti-inflammatory and remineralizing intraoral agents based on hydroxyapatite. In the third group (24 people), a rinse aid based on benzydamine (0.15%) and chlorhexidine (0.05%) was prescribed for the first 7 days after removal of the equipment; then use your usual hygiene products and any means to remineralize the enamel at night. The condition of periodontal tissues was assessed using the PMA index and the CPITN index. Enamel caries resistance was determined using the TER test. The desensitivity effect was studied using the dental sensitivity index of L.Yu. Orekhova - S.B. Ulitovsky. Examinations of patients were carried out on the day of removal of fixed orthodontic equipment, after 7 days, after a month and after 3 months from the start of the study.

Results. The dynamics of changes in the CPITN index in the second group were 9.1% after 7 days of use, 35.6% after a month of study and 46.2% after 3 months from the start of observation. The dynamics of changes in the PMA index were 13.6% after 7 days of use, 39.7% after a month of study and 47.7% after 3 months from the start of observation. Remineralizing efficiency in the second group improved by 13.1% after 7 days, after a month of use to 36.1%, and after 3 months it increased to 57.4%. In patients of the second group, the desensitizing effectiveness was 27%, after 1 month -47%, after three months -56%.

Conclusions. The data obtained allow us to recommend proven oral care products during the retention period of orthodontic treatment for the purpose of primary and secondary prevention of diseases of the hard tissues of teeth and periodontal tissue after removal of fixed orthodontic equipment (brackets).
The Role of Tumor and Host Microbiome on Immunotherapy Response in Urologic Cancers
Authors: Drobner Jake , Doppalapudi Krishna , Saraiya Biren , Packiam Vignesh , Ghodoussipour Saum
Published: March 2024

Introduction & Objective: The role of the microbiome in the development and treatment of genitourinary malignancies is just starting to be appreciated. Accumulating evidence suggests that the microbiome can modulate immunotherapy through signaling in the highly dynamic tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, much is still unknown about the immuno-oncology-microbiome axis, especially in urologic oncology. The objective of this review is to synthesize our current understanding of the microbiome’s role in modulating and predicting immunotherapy response to genitourinary malignancies.

Methods: A literature search for peer-reviewed publications about the microbiome and immunotherapy response in bladder, kidney, and prostate cancer was conducted. All research available in PubMed, Google Scholar, clinicaltrials.gov, and bioRxiv up to September 2023 was analyzed.

Results: Significant differences in urinary microbiota composition have been found in patients with genitourinary cancers compared to healthy controls. Lactic acid-producing bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera, may have value in augmenting BCG responsiveness to bladder cancer. BCG may also be a dynamic regulator of PD-L1. Thus, the combination of BCG and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be an effective strategy for bladder cancer management. In advanced renal cell carcinoma, studies show that recent antibiotic administration negatively impacts survival outcomes in patients undergoing immunotherapy, while administration of CBM588, a live bacterial product, is associated with improved progression-free survival. Specific bacterial taxa, such as Streptococcus salivarius, have been linked with response to pembrolizumab in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Fecal microbiota transplant has been shown to overcome resistance and reduce toxicity to immunotherapy; it is currently being investigated for both kidney and prostate cancers.

Conclusions: Although the exact mechanism is unclear, several studies identify a symbiotic relationship between microbiota-centered interventions and immunotherapy efficacy. It is possible to improve immunotherapy responsiveness in genitourinary malignancies using the microbiome, but further research with more standardized methodology is warranted.
MARCO: An Experimental High-Performance Compiler for Large-Scale Modelica Models
Authors: Agosta Giovanni , Casella Francesco , Cattaneo Daniele , Cherubin Stefano , Leva Alberto , Scuttari Michele , Terraneo Federico
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces MARCO, a research compiler aimed at the efficient generation of efficient simulation code from a large-scale Modelica model. MARCO’s design goals, requirements, and specifications are dis- cussed in the paper, as well as the software architec- ture, the current development status, and a future develop- ment roadmap. The results of two test cases demonstrate MARCO’s capability to handle non-trivial Modelica mod- els with over 10 million equations very efficiently.
Modeling and simulation of dynamically constrained objects for limited structurally variable systems in Modelica
Authors: Reiser Robert , Reiner Matthias J.
Published: March 2024

This work introduces a new solution for the modeling and simulation of dynamically constrained objects for limited structurally variable systems purely in Modelica. A combination of a collision detection algorithm, the limitation of collisions, and a method to constrain objects based on forces leads to a constraint network in Modelica. It allows a stable and accurate simulation of applications such as robot tool changers in a flexible way without the need for predefined connections in the model.
Control development and sizing analysis for a 5th generation district heating and cooling network using Modelica
Authors: Zanetti Ettore , Blum David , Wetter Michael
Published: March 2024

5th generation district heating and cooling networks (5GDHC) are a relatively new concept. They are based on the idea that a single district loop at a ambient temperature range can be used for heating and cooling simultaneously. This paper improves on a 5GDHC called the reservoir network. The study updates the sewage heat exchanger plant model to more realistically represent seasonal changes, uses the novel pump models with variable efficiency, introduces a ground coupled district pipe model to consider the inertia of the district network and a new control strategy for storage and sewage heat exchanger was implemented. the new approach reduced operating costs, mainly due to pumping cost for storage, sewage heat exchanger plant and distribution pump, while increasing the overall robustness of the approach in different sizing conditions. Thanks to the new controller, the pumping consumption was reduced by 21% with respect to the baseline, while showing that the approach is robust against design changes such as reduction in borehole field size and increasing the sewage heat exchanger size, since the pumping energy savings become 29%. Lastly borehole field temperature stability was analyzed through a 40Y simulation.
Towards the separate compilation of Modelica: modularity and interfaces for the index reduction of incomplete DAE systems
Authors: Benveniste Albert , Caillaud Benoît , Malandain Mathias , Thibault Joan
Published: March 2024

A key feature of the Modelica language is its object-oriented nature: components are instances of classes and they can aggregate other components, so that extremely large models can be efficiently designed as ``trees of components''. However, the structural analysis of Modelica models, a necessary step for generating simulation code, often relies on the flattening of this hierarchical structure, which undermines the scalability of the language and results in widely-used Modelica tools not being able to compile and simulate such large models. In this paper, we propose a novel method for the modular structural analysis of Modelica models. An adaptation of Pryce's Sigma-method for non-square DAE systems, along with a carefully crafted notion of component interface, make it possible to fully exploit the object tree structure of a model. The structural analysis of a component class can be performed once and for all, only requiring the information provided by the interface of its child components. The resulting method alleviates the exponential computation costs that can be yielded by model flattening; hence, its scalability makes it ideally suited for the modeling and simulation of large cyber-physical systems.
Application of the OpenModelica-Matlab Interface to Integrated Simulation and Successive Linearization Based Model Predictive Control
Authors: Alizadeh Mohammad Hadi , Sahlodin Ali M. , Palanisamy Arunkumar , Casella Francesco , Fritzson Peter
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the implementation of successive linearization based model predictive control (SLMPC) efforts through the interfacing of OpenModelica and Matlab using the OMMatlab tool. The dynamic system (here a chemical process) and the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm are implemented in OpenModelica and Matlab, respectively. The model linearization procedure is carried out through OMMatlab, which is highly optimized in terms of run-time by using a single executable file and adapting it at each sample time. Also, necessary theories for a continuous model discretization are discussed for both nonlinear Modelica and linearized continuous models. A procedure for constructing an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) from a continuous Modelica model is also presented. The usability of the OpenModelica-Matlab interface for SLMPC is demonstrated by control of liquid levels in a tanks-in-series problem.
Import and Export of Functional Mockup Units in CasADi
Authors: Andersson Joel
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the recently added support for import and export of functional mockup units (FMUs) in CasADi, an open-source software framework for numerical optimization. Of particular interest is the efficient calculation of derivatives, especially in the context of sensitivity analysis and dynamic optimization. We show how the import interface allows for both first and second derivatives can be efficiently and accurately calculated and - importantly - validated for correctness. We also outline the FMU export interface, which leverages CasADi mature and efficient support for forward and adjoint derivative calculation and C code generation. Finally, potential future developments of the support are discussed.
LargeTESModelingToolkit: A Modelica Library for Large-scale Thermal Energy Storage Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Reisenbichler-S. Michael , Wotawa Franz , O’Donovan Keith , Tugores Carles Ribas , Hengel Franz
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces the LargeTESModelingToolkit, a novel Modelica library for modeling and simulation of large-scale pit and tank thermal energy storage. This first comprehensive Modelica library in the field provides the flexibility and tools needed to develop new storage models tailored to the desired application. It also offers researchers and industrial users pre-built storage models for simulation studies to answer the relevant questions for an optimized design at storage and system level. In this paper we present the library’s key features and structure, and introduce the underlying physical and mathematical foundations and modeling approaches. Moreover, we discuss the validation of the models, present the first results, and show the library’s applicability using an exemplary simulation case study.
Modelica models in SSP
Authors: Brück Dag
Published: March 2024

This is a proposed optional extension for SSP 2.0 that defines how Modelica models can be referenced in SSP. It specifies the mapping of key Modelica concepts to SSP, which necessitates a few small extensions. The purpose is to broaden the scope of SSP to embrace the more powerful modeling concepts of Modelica, for environments that can support it.
Low-order aquifer thermal energy storage model for geothermal system simulation
Authors: Maccarini Alessandro , Wetter Michael , Varesano Davide , Bloemendal Martin , Afshari Alireza , Zarrella Angelo
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a low order aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) model for simulation of combined subsurface and above-surface energy systems. The model is included in the Modelica IBPSA Library, which is a free open-source library with basic models for building and district energy and control systems. The model uses a lumped-component method, in which the transient conductive-convective heat and mass transfer equation is radially discretized. To verify the accuracy of the model, we present an intra-model comparison from a simulation test suite. Results show that the Modelica ATES model is in good agreement, with a normalized mean bias error for yearly variation of aquifer temperatures of 1.6×10−2 and 9×10−5 at 1 m and 10 m distance from the well.
Using the DLR Thermofluid Stream Library for Thermal Management of Fuel Cell Systems in Aviation
Authors: Weber Niels , Cartignij Camiel , Zimmer Dirk
Published: March 2024

For more environmental friendly aircraft, different propulsion systems are considered. Either fuel cell or fully electrically driven aircraft come along with challenging heat dissipation tasks. An intelligent thermal management system is essential to prevent failures and to ensure a reliable operation of the propulsion system. The exploration space for appropriate cooling systems seems endless, hence it is vital to rely on robust modeling libraries that enable a quick design and simulation of different architectures. The open source DLR Thermofluid Stream Library (TFS) forms such a basis and proved to be expedient in that sense. This paper gives an overview of a complete fuel cell system for future aircraft that covers the most essential subsystems and is modeled solely of components contained in the TFS. The focus is on different cooling systems and methods that can be quickly investigated in the context of the overall fuel cell system throughout an entire flight mission.
A Modelica Library to Add Contact Dynamics and Terramechanics to Multi-Body Mechanics
Authors: Buse Fabian , Pignède Antoine , Barthelmes Stefan
Published: March 2024

The Contact Dynamics library extends the multi-body Modelica Standard Library with contact calculation to the environment, namely soft soil and hard obstacles. A focus is on terramechanics, i. e. wheels driving on soft and dry soil, and a handful of models are implemented. Additionally, a Hertz contact model for hard and elastic contact, between bodies themselves or to obstacles in the environment (e. g. rocks in the soft soil), is available as well. The capabilities of the library have been key in the development of rovers for planetary exploration such as the upcoming MMX mission to the Martian moon Phobos.
A preCICE-FMI Runner to Couple FMUs to PDE-Based Simulations
Authors: Willeke Leonard , Schneider David , Uekermann Benjamin
Published: March 2024

Partitioned simulation or co-simulation allows simulating complex systems by breaking them up into smaller subsystems. The Functional Mock-Up Interface (FMI) enables co-simulation for models based on ODEs and DAEs, but typically not PDEs. However, only PDE-based models are able to accurately simulate physical aspects requiring spatial resolution, such as heat transfer or fluid-structure interaction. We present a preCICE-FMI runner software to integrate FMUs with the open-source coupling library preCICE. preCICE couples PDE-based simulation programs, such as OpenFOAM or FEniCS, in a black-box fashion to achieve partitioned multi-physics simulations. The runner serves as an importer to execute any FMU and to steer the simulation. Additionally, it calls preCICE to communicate and coordinate with other programs. The software is written in Python and relies on the Python package FMPy. We showcase two example cases for the coupling of FMUs to ODE- and PDE-based models.
Optimal Scheduling of IES Considering Thermal Transmission Delay Based on Modelica and Julia
Authors: Qiu Yong , Wang Jin , Zhang Shubin , He Yuan , Zhang Haiming , Ding Ji , Zhou Fanli
Published: March 2024

The Integrated Energy System (IES) enables integrated control and coordinated optimization of multiple energy flows. Due to the complexity of dynamic characteristics of multiple energy flows and the significant differences in time scales, thermodynamic problems occur during the operation of the system. In this paper, we propose an IES operation method that comprehensively considers thermodynamics to reduce the impact of thermal transmission delay on the system's operational strategy, including modeling, evaluation, and scheduling programs. Firstly, an IES model is established to describe the dynamic characteristics of the energy supply network. Secondly, a two-stage optimization scheduling model considering thermal transmission delay is established to reduce the impact of thermal transmission delay on the operation decisions of IES, and the thermal power imbalance rate index is proposed to measure the impact of thermodynamics. Finally, the proposed method's effectiveness is validated by utilizing a comprehensive energy system as an example and implementing it on the MWORKS platform using the Modelica and Julia languages.
Status of the ClaRa Library: Detailed Transient Simulation of Complex Energy Systems
Authors: Vojacek Ales , Brunnemann Johannes , Hanke Tim , Marx-Schubach Thomas , Eiden Jörg
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the current state of the open-source Modelica library ClaRa, which provides its users with the capability to proficiently tackle tasks in the disciplines of thermal hydraulics, instrumentation and control pertaining to power plants and other kind of energy systems. We provide a comprehensive overview of how the library has successfully broadened its scope over the years of its development, transcending the original focus on conventional power plants to encompass renewable power plants, waste heat utilization, general process plants, refrigeration cycles, heat pumps and beyond. The new version, ClaRa 1.8.1, brings an exciting addition to the already impressive suite of features - support for the utilization of various artificial intelligence models in Modelica simulation tools. Furthermore, the authors unveil ClaRa's ambition to serve as a potential publication platform for third-party models from a steadily growing community of ClaRa users. This is underscored by several application models. Finally, we also describe the funding scheme for maintenance of open source ClaRa by an extended commercial version, ClaRaPlus.
Open-Source Models for Sand-Based Thermal Energy Storage in Heating Applications
Authors: Hinkelman Kathryn , Milner David , Zuo Wangda
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a new open-source modeling package in the Modelica language for particle-based silica-sand thermal energy storage (TES) in heating applications, available at https://github.com/sbslab/modelica-sand. Silica sand is an abundant, low-cost, and efficient storage medium for concentrated solar power and electricity generation. Although uncommon today, solid particle TES could benefit building and district heating systems, particularly as building electrification and renewable energy penetration increases. To enable heating system design and evaluation with sand TES, this work developed and open-source released Modelica models from base classes through complete systems with both physical equipment and controls. This paper first presents the new models. Then, we demonstrate their application with a heating plant that supplies steam for district heating, while also providing power-to-heat grid services by storing excesses renewable electricity as thermal energy.
Race Car Cooling System Model for Real Time use in a Driving Simulator
Authors: Stellato Massimo , Bergianti Luca , Picarelli Alessandro
Published: March 2024

Powertrain performance optimization is one of main targets in racecar and road hypercar development. A key activity needed for both endothermal and electric powertrains is the cooling system sizing through simulation to make sure that the temperature limits are not exceeded in the most aggressive conditions minimizing or avoiding power derating. This article describes the implementation of a 1D cooling system simulation model integrated with a vehicle multibody model to be used real time in the Dallara dynamic driving simulator with human driver. This activity is the result of a collaboration between Dallara which uses the model implemented to develop and optimize the cooling system architecture of its vehicles, and Claytex which develops the libraries used to generate these simulation models.
Mass Conservation in Vapor Compression Cycles: A Method for Ensuring Consistency with Redundant Dynamic States
Authors: Andersson Daniel , Batteh John , Thorade Matthis , Li Lixiang
Published: March 2024

This paper describes a method to resolve a potential inconsistency when employing redundant dynamic thermofluid states for modeling of vapor compression cycles. Following a brief introduction regarding the motivation and use of redundant thermofluid states, a series of test models ranging from simple component models to complex system models are developed to illustrate the potential inconsistency with Air Conditioning Library. Based on observations of the simulation results from these test models, a method for ensuring consistency is proposed and implemented. The method is then demonstrated on the test suite and evaluated for effectiveness, robustness, and computational efficiency.
Calibration Workflow for Mechanical and Thermal Applications
Authors: Willert Tim , Sundström Peter
Published: March 2024

The calibration of models against measurement data is important to ensure model dynamics that are close to its real-world system. Derivative-free minimizing methods can be used for any model calibration regardless of continuous differentiability requirements, and find a (local) minimum in a reasonable number of iteration steps. A user-friendly, python-based calibration Dash app to use with the cloud-based Modelica platform Modelon Impact is introduced. Basic calibration setup is done through the GUI of the app and graphical feedback (i.e. plots) is provided. Two example calibrations are shown: A mechanical Furuta pendulum that only uses Modelica Standard Library components is calibrated against real-world measurement data, and a low-fidelity heat exchanger testbench model that uses Modelon’s Air Conditioning Library is calibrated against a corresponding high-fidelity model.
Plantar pressure gradient and pressure gradient angle are affected by inner pressure of air insole
Authors: Haris Fahni , Jan Yih-Kuen , Liau Ben-Yi , Hsieh Chang-Wei , Shen Wei-Cheng , Tai Chien-Cheng , Shih Yin-Hwa , Lung Chi-Wen
Published: March 2024

Clinically, air insoles may be applied to shoes to decrease plantar pressure gradient (PPG) and increase plantar gradient angle (PGA) to reduce foot ulcers. PPG and PGA may cause skin breakdown. The effects of different inner pressures of inflatable air insoles on dynamic PPG and PGA distributions are largely unknown in non-diabetics and people with diabetes. This study aimed to explore the impact of varying inner air insole pressures on PPG and PGA to establish early mitigation strategies for people at risk of foot ulcers. A repeated measures study design, including three air insoles (80 mmHg, 160 mmHg, and 240 mmHg) and two walking durations (10 and 20 min) for a total of six walking protocols, was tested on 13 healthy participants (height, 165.8 ± 8.4 cm; age, 27.0 ± 7.3 years; and weight, 56.0 ± 7.9 kg, BMI: 20.3 ± 1.7 kg/m^2) over three consecutive weeks. PPG, a measurement of the spatial variation in plantar pressure around the peak plantar pressure (PPP) and PGA, a variation in the gradient direction values at the three plantar regions, big toe (T1), first metatarsal head (M1), and second metatarsal head (M2), were calculated. This study indicated that PPG was lower at 80 mmHg air insoles after 20 min of walking in the M1 region (p = 0.010). The PGA in the M2 increased at an air insole of 80 mmHg compared to 240 mmHg (p = 0.015). Compared to 20 min, the 10 min walking duration at 240 mmHg of air insole had the lowest PPG in the M1 (p = 0.015) and M2 (p = 0.034) regions. The 80 mmHg air insole significantly lowered the PPG compared to a 160 mmHg and 240 mmHg air insole. Moreover, the 80 mmHg air insole significantly decreased PPP and increased PGA compared to the 160 mmHg and 240 mmHg air insole. A shorter walking period (10 min) significantly lowered PPG. The findings of this study suggest that people with a higher risk of foot ulcers should wear softer air insoles to have a lower PPG, as well as an increased PGA.
Superior migration ability of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) toward activated lymphocytes in comparison with those of bone marrow and adipose-derived MSCs
Authors: Hori Akiko , Takahashi Atsuko , Miharu Yuta , Yamaguchi Satoru , Sugita Masatoshi , Mukai Takeo , Nagamura Fumitaka , Nagamura-Inoue Tokiko
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are activated upon inflammation and/or tissue damage and migrate to suppress inflammation and repair tissues. Migration is the first important step for MSCs to become functional; however, the migration potency of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) remains poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to assess the migration potency of UC-MSCs in comparison with those of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) and investigate the influence of chemotactic factors on the migration of these cells.

Methods: We compared the migration potencies of UC-, BM-, and AD-MSCs toward allogeneic stimulated mononuclear cells (MNCs) in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The number of MSCs in the upper chamber that migrated toward the MLR in the lower chamber was counted using transwell migration assay.

Results and discussion: UC-MSCs showed significantly faster and higher proliferation potencies and higher migration potency toward unstimulated MNCs and MLR than BM- and AD-MSCs, although the migration potencies of the three types of MSCs were comparable when cultured in the presence of fetal bovine serum. The amounts of CCL2, CCL7, and CXCL2 in the supernatants were significantly higher in UC-MSCs co-cultured with MLR than in MLR alone and in BM- and AD-MSCs co-cultured with MLR, although they did not induce the autologous migration of UC-MSCs. The amount of CCL8 was higher in BM- and AD-MSCs than in UC-MSCs, and the amount of IP-10 was higher in AD-MSCs co-cultured with MLR than in UC- and BM-MSCs. The migration of UC-MSCs toward the MLR was partially attenuated by platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: UC-MSCs showed faster proliferation and higher migration potency toward activated or non-activated lymphocytes than BM- and AD-MSCs. The functional chemotactic factors may vary among MSCs derived from different tissue sources, although the roles of specific chemokines in the different sources of MSCs remain to be resolved.
Direct male development in chromosomally ZZ zebrafish
Authors: Wilson Catherine A. , Batzel Peter , Postlethwait John H.
Published: March 2024

The genetics of sex determination varies across taxa, sometimes even within a species. Major domesticated strains of zebrafish (Danio rerio), including AB and TU, lack a strong genetic sex determining locus, but strains more recently derived from nature, like Nadia (NA), possess a ZZ male/ZW female chromosomal sex-determination system. AB fish pass through a juvenile ovary stage, forming oocytes that survive in fish that become females but die in fish that become males. To understand mechanisms of gonad development in NA zebrafish, we studied histology and single cell transcriptomics in developing ZZ and ZW fish. ZW fish developed oocytes by 22 days post-fertilization (dpf) but ZZ fish directly formed testes, avoiding a juvenile ovary phase. Gonads of some ZW and WW fish, however, developed oocytes that died as the gonad became a testis, mimicking AB fish, suggesting that the gynogenetically derived AB strain is chromosomally WW. Single-cell RNA-seq of 19dpf gonads showed similar cell types in ZZ and ZW fish, including germ cells, precursors of gonadal support cells, steroidogenic cells, interstitial/stromal cells, and immune cells, consistent with a bipotential juvenile gonad. In contrast, scRNA-seq of 30dpf gonads revealed that cells in ZZ gonads had transcriptomes characteristic of testicular Sertoli, Leydig, and germ cells while ZW gonads had granulosa cells, theca cells, and developing oocytes. Hematopoietic and vascular cells were similar in both sex genotypes. These results show that juvenile NA zebrafish initially develop a bipotential gonad; that a factor on the NA W chromosome, or fewer than two Z chromosomes, is essential to initiate oocyte development; and without the W factor, or with two Z doses, NA gonads develop directly into testes without passing through the juvenile ovary stage. Sex determination in AB and TU strains mimics NA ZW and WW zebrafish, suggesting loss of the Z chromosome during domestication. Genetic analysis of the NA strain will facilitate our understanding of the evolution of sex determination mechanisms.
Deficiency of mastl, a mitotic regulator, results in cell detachment from developing tissues of zebrafish embryos
Authors: Utsumi Hideko , Yabe Taijiro , Koshida Sumito , Yamashita Akira , Takada Shinji
Published: March 2024

To form tissues with unique functions and structures, it is important that the cells that comprise them maintain physical contact. On the other hand, with each mitosis, drastic changes in cell shapes, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal architecture may cause such contacts to be temporarily weakened, risking improper development and maintenance of tissues. Despite such risks, tissues form properly during normal development. However, it is not well understood whether mitotic abnormalities affect tissue formation. Here, analysis of zebrafish embryos with aberrant mitosis shows that proper progression of mitosis is important to maintain cell contact in developing tissues. By screening mutants with abnormal trunk and tail development, we obtained a mutant with perturbed expression of some tissue-specific genes in embryonic caudal regions. The responsible gene is mastl/gwl, which is involved in progression of mitosis. Analysis focusing on the chordo-neural hinge (CNH), the primordium of axial tissues, shows that cell detachment from the CNH is increased in mastl mutant embryos. Time-lapse imaging reveals that this cell detachment occurs during mitosis. These results suggest that cells are unable to maintain contact due to abnormalities in progression of mitosis in mastl mutants.
A design space for event-centric displays in public libraries
Authors: Ducros Alix , Tabard Aurélien , Dalsgaard Peter , Bats Raphaelle , Eriksson Eva
Published: March 2024

We present a design space for displays in public libraries; more specifically public displays related to events taking place in the library. The design space is developed from the perspective of the librarians and is intended to support libraries in rethinking, developing, and employing displays to communicate and support the events they host. It is based on a study of 18 concepts co-designed in eight participatory workshops scaling participation to a total of 88 professional librarians. By analyzing the concepts through inductive and iterative analysis, we have defined a design space consisting of 12 aspects, categorized in four themes: interaction-, content-, event-, and display-centric. We argue that the design space can both serve as (1) an analytical tool for understanding and categorizing information displays and identifying overarching design considerations and (2) a generative framework to inspire design across a wide variety of libraries.
Study on the related factors of TCM constitution and hemodynamics in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Mao Boyan , Zhao Zhou , Wei Minghui , Liu Xinzhu , Zhao Ruoqi , Zhang Weipeng , Duan Mengyao
Published: March 2024

Background

The concepts of “individualization” and “preventive treatment” should be incorporated into the precise diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Both hemodynamics and Chinese medicine constitution studies align with these two concepts.

Methods

This study utilized data from 81 patients with CHD, including 12 patients with balanced constitution (BC), 20 patients with blood stasis constitution (BSC), 17 patients with phlegm-dampness constitution (PDC), 15 patients with qi-deficiency constitution (QDC), and 17 patients with other constitutions. Clinical data provided information on the patients' blood property, heart function, degree of coronary stenosis, coronary hemodynamics, and so on. These parameters were compared between patients with balanced constitution vs. biased constitutions as well as between those with blood stasis constitution, phlegm-dampness constitution, and qi-deficiency constitution.

Results

Compared to biased constitution (BC), patients with balanced constitution exhibited lower total cholesterol (TC) levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Additionally, they had lighter stenosis degrees in the Left anterior descending branch (LAD) and Left circumflex branch (LCX) branches. The hemodynamic condition of the LAD and LCX was better for those with balanced constitution; however there was no difference in heart function. Among the groups categorized by blood stasis, phlegm dampness or qi deficiency constituions, patients classified under phlegm dampness had higher levels of LDL compared to those classified under blood stasis or qi deficiency, while patients classified under qi deficiency had higher levels of blood glucose compared to those classified under blood stasis or phlegm dampness. Hemodynamic environments also differed among the LAD and LCX for each group but there were no significant differences observed in heart function or degree of coronary stenosis among these three groups.

Conclusion

The balanced constitution demonstrates superior blood property, degree of coronary artery stenosis, and coronary hemodynamics compared to the biased constitution. Furthermore, among the three constitutions with CHD, variations in blood property and certain hemodynamic parameters are observed. These findings emphasize the significant clinical value of incorporating physical factors into the diagnosis and treatment of patients with CHD.
Land subsidence along the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway before and after the South-to-North water diversion project with multi-source monitoring datasets
Authors: Liu Shaomin , Bai Mingzhou
Published: March 2024

The development of land subsidence has seriously affected the safe operation of Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project Central Route (SNWDP-CR) was officially put into operation in December 2014. It has changed the water supply pattern in Beijing and provided conditions for reducing groundwater exploitation and controlling land subsidence. In this paper, the time-series interferometric data, in situ monitoring data of recent 20 years and the basic geological datasets are combined to compare and analyze the changes of groundwater level, land subsidence and the main subsidence layers along the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway before and after the SNWDP-CR. The effects of the environment of Quaternary sedimentary, groundwater exploitation and soil deformation of different lithology on land subsidence along the high-speed railway under the background of new water conditions are revealed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The serious land subsidence area along the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway always concentrated in the section of DK11-DK23. After the operation of SNWDP-CR, the land subsidence along the railway generally showed a slowing trend. The maximum subsidence rate was reduced from 80 mm/yr to 49 mm/yr. The length of subsidence rate that more than 50 mm/yr of the section was reduced from 8.0 km to 0 km. 2) The groundwater level of different aquifer groups along the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway rose and declined before and after the SNWDP-CR. in eastern part of the plain, the groundwater level of each aquifer group has changed from a continuous decline (range 0.13–1.82 m) to a gradual rise (range 0.45–1.87 m) since 2017. However, in the southeast of the plain, the groundwater level still showed a continuous decline trend, with an average annual decline of 1.2–1.8 m. 3) From 2006 to 2019, the subsidence of the first, second and third compression layer group along the railway accounted for 2.71%, 28.29% and 69%, respectively. The third compression layer group (monitoring layer 94–182 m) had the largest subsidence proportion and was the main subsidence layer. 4) The land subsidence along the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway is controlled by the basement structure. The difference of groundwater exploitation intensity led to differences in the spatial distribution of land subsidence along the railway. The subsidence of the soil layer below the bearing layer (about 50 m) of the high-speed railway pile foundation exhibited the characteristics of viscoplastic or viscoelastic plasticity deformation. This section of strata is a key layer that needs to be considered for land subsidence control along the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway in the future.
Exploring the influence of non-cognitive skills on academic achievement in STEM education: the case of Kazakhstan
Authors: Sultanova Gulbakhyt , Shilibekova Aidana , Rakhymbayeva Zamira , Rakhimbekova Assel , Shora Nurym
Published: March 2024

Introduction

This exploratory study delves into the relationships between non-cognitive skills and academic achievement within the unique context of STEM schools in Kazakhstan.

Methods

Survey data were collected from 109 teachers and 395 students at a STEM secondary school in Kazakhstan. Correlational, regression and path analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between non-cognitive skills and academic performance in Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics, and Chemistry classes.

Results

The results showed that out of the 26 skills, eight had a direct impact, 12 had an indirect impact, and six had no impact on academic achievement of students in the four STEM subjects.

Discussion

This study is the first to explicitly examine the impact of one group of non-cognitive skills on academic achievement of students in STEM subjects mediated by another group of these skills. Teachers are encouraged to integrate non-cognitive skill development into curricula, tailored to subject-specific needs. Policymakers can use findings to inform equitable skill development policies.