bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovering Electrochemistry with an Electrochemistry‐Informed Neural Network (ECINN)
Authors: Chen Haotian , Yang Minjun , Smetana Bedřich , Novák Vlastimil , Matějka Vlastimil , Compton Richard G.
Published: January 2024

Machine learning is increasingly integrated into chemistry research by guiding experimental procedures, correlating structure and function, interpreting large experimental datasets, to distill scientific insights that might be challenging with traditional methods. Such applications, however, largely focus on gaining insights via big data and/or big computation, while neglecting the valuable chemical prior knowledge dwelling in chemists’ minds. In this paper, we introduce an Electrochemistry‐Informed Neural Network (ECINN) by explicitly embedding electrochemistry priors including the Butler–Volmer (BV), Nernst and diffusion equations on the backbone of neural networks for multi‐task discovery of electrochemistry parameters. We applied the ECINN to voltammetry experiments ofandredox couples to discover electrode kinetics and mass transport parameters. Notably, ECINN seamlessly integrated mass transport with BV to analyze the entire voltammogram to infer transfer coefficients directly, so offering a new approach to Tafel analysis by outdating various mass transport correction methods. In addition, ECINN can help discover the nature of electron transfer and is shown to refute incorrect physics if imposed. This work encourages chemists to embed their domain knowledge into machine learning models to start a new paradigm of chemistry‐informed machine learning for better accountability, interpretability, and generalization.
Study on the mechanical properties and microstructure of high‐performance carbon fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Zhao Chenyue , Su Yanan , Zheng Shaoqiu , He Hangyu , Zheng Xiaoxia , Li Zhiqiang
Published: January 2024

A high‐toughness epoxy has been prepared using carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) as a toughening agent to modify the AG‐80 epoxy resin. High‐performance carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites are fabricated using the CTBN‐toughened epoxy resin as the matrix and two types of CF, namely, T800SC and T800HB, as reinforcement. The mechanical properties of the matrix, surface properties of the CFs, tensile properties, and fracture morphologies of the composites are systematically investigated to elucidate the key factors influencing interfacial bonding in high‐performance CF/EP composites. The results reveal that the most significant improvement in toughness is achieved when the CTBN content is 6.90 wt.% in the epoxy resin. Owing to the high content of polar functional groups and excellent surface wettability of T800SC, the T800SC/EP composite exhibits superior mechanical properties compared with the T800HB/EP composite.
Publicly funded healthcare costs associated with orofacial clefts for children born in Alberta, Canada between 2002 and 2018
Authors: Bedard Tanya , Lowry R. Brian , Crawford Susan , Wang Ting (Grace) , Bakal Jeffrey , Metcalfe Amy , Harrop A. Robertson , Grevers Xin , Thomas Mary Ann
Published: January 2024

Background

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) include cleft palate (CP), cleft lip (CL), and cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) and require multidisciplinary healthcare services. Alberta, Canada has a publicly funded, universal access healthcare system. This study determined publicly funded healthcare costs for children with an OFC and compared these costs to children without congenital anomalies.

Methods

This retrospective population‐based cohort analysis used the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System to identify children born between 2002 and 2018 with an isolated OFC. They were matched 1:1 to a reference cohort based on sex and year of birth. The study population included 1614 children, from birth to 17 years of age linked to administrative databases to estimate annual inpatient and outpatient costs. Average annual all‐cause costs were compared using two‐sample independent t tests.

Results

The mean total cleft‐related costs per patient were highest for children with CLP ($74,138 CAD, standard deviation (SD) $43,447 CAD), followed by CP ($53,062 CAD, SD $74,366 CAD), and CL ($35,288 CAD, SD $49,720 CAD).

The mean total all‐cause costs per child were statistically significantly higher (p < .001) in children with an OFC ($56,305 CAD, SD $57,744 CAD) compared to children without a congenital anomaly ($18,600 CAD, SD $61,300 CAD).

Conclusions

Despite public health strategies to mitigate risk factors, the trend for OFCs has remained stable in Alberta, Canada for over 20 years. The costs reported are useful to other jurisdictions for comparison, and to families, healthcare professionals, service planners, and policy makers.
Education systems and academic stress—A comparative perspective
Authors: Högberg Björn
Published: January 2024

Academic stress among adolescents can undermine academic achievement and harm mental health. Levels of academic stress vary considerably across countries and education systems, but little is known regarding the causes of this variation. In this paper, I develop a theoretical framework positing that stress will be lower in education systems that reduce the stakes attached to academic achievements, temper competition and high aspirations, and weaken the link between achievements and self‐worth. I test observable implications of the framework by analysing if stress is influenced by the degree of external differentiation and vocational orientation of education systems, using harmonised survey data on pupils in more than 30 countries. The empirical analyses largely support the implications of the framework: pupils in more differentiated and vocationally orientated systems report significantly lower levels of stress, also in models adjusting for country fixed effects. Moreover, academic achievement is a less important predictor of stress in differentiated or vocational systems, possibly due to lower stakes attached to achievements. I end by proposing further predictions of the framework that can be tested in future research, and by discussing implications of the results with regard to possible trade‐offs between different goals of education policy.
Cross‐media synergies between TV news media and social media in charitable crowdfunding
Authors: Dehdashti Yashar , Namin Aidin , Ketron Seth C.
Published: January 2024

Current methods of creating awareness about charitable crowdfunding campaigns are mostly within online platforms (e.g., social media). However, TV news media continue to feature causes calling for donations, raising the question of whether TV media contribute to the success of charitable crowdfunding. This research measures the effect of TV news media alongside social media on charitable crowdfunding campaigns using secondary data scraped from a popular crowdfunding site. We find that campaigns shared on TV and social media (vs. social media alone) generate more funding and have more donors but take a significantly larger time to reach their target. Thus, in the context of charitable crowdfunding, there may be a tradeoff between volume of donations and donors and the speed at which campaigns conclude.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer‐Based Electrochemical Sensor for In Situ Detection of Free Proline in Cucumber Leaves
Authors: Yan Lucheng , Luo Bin , Wang Cheng , Dong Hongtu , Wang Xiaodong , Hou Peichen , Liu Ke , Li Aixue
Published: January 2024

Proline is an important amino acid, which is crucial to plant growth and development. Accurate analysis of proline content is of great significance for understanding its physiological mechanism in plants. In this paper, according to the requirements for in‐situ detection in plants in precision agriculture, an electrochemical molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) sensor for determining proline in living plants was developed. Polypyrrole (PPy) was used as the functional monomer. To improve the performance of the MIP sensor, Au nanoparticles (NPs) were electrodeposited on the screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) electrode. Thionine (Thi) was then electropolymerized on the SPEs to be used as an internal reference signal molecule. The MIP‐based proline sensor has the widest detection range of 1×10−16 −0.01 M. And its detection limit is the lowest (9.18 aM) so far. It was also used for measuring free proline in the leaves of living cucumber seedlings under salt stress. The MIP‐based proline sensor has an important prospect for detecting the physiological status of plants in situ and will play an important role in smart agriculture.
Pulsed laser interference patterning of transition‐metal carbides for stable alkaline water electrolysis kinetics
Authors: Oh Yewon , Theerthagiri Jayaraman , Min Ahreum , Moon Cheol Joo , Yu Yiseul , Choi Myong Yong
Published: January 2024

We investigated the role of metal atomization and solvent decomposition into reductive species and carbon clusters in the phase formation of transition‐metal carbides (TMCs; namely, Co3C, Fe3C, TiC, and MoC) by pulsed laser ablation of Co, Fe, Ti, and Mo metals in acetone. The interaction between carbon s–p‐orbitals and metal d‐orbitals causes a redistribution of valence structure through charge transfer, leading to the formation of surface defects as observed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These defects influence the evolved TMCs, making them effective for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) in an alkaline medium. Co3C with more oxygen affinity promoted CoO(OH) intermediates, and the electrochemical surface oxidation to Co3O4 was captured via in situ/operando electrochemical Raman probes, increasing the number of active sites for OER activity. MoC with more d‐vacancies exhibits strong hydrogen binding, promoting HER kinetics, whereas Fe3C and TiC with more defect states to trap charge carriers may hinder both OER and HER activities. The results show that the assembled membrane‐less electrolyzer with Co3C∥Co3C and MoC∥MoC electrodes requires ~2.01 and 1.99 V, respectively, to deliver a 10 mA cm−2 with excellent electrochemical and structural stability. In addition, the ascertained pulsed laser synthesis mechanism and unit‐cell packing relations will open up sustainable pathways for obtaining highly stable electrocatalysts for electrolyzers.
Atroposelective Chan–Evans–Lam Amination
Authors: Thönnißen Vinzenz , Westphäling Johannes , Atodiresei Iuliana L. , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: January 2024

The synthetic control of atropoisomerism along C−N bonds is a major challenge, and methods that allow C−N atroposelective bond formation are rare. This is a problem because each atropoisomer can feature starkly differentiated biological properties. Yet, among the three most practical and applicable classical amination methods available: 1) the Cu‐catalyzed Ullmann–Goldberg reaction, 2) the Pd‐catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig reaction, and 3) the Cu‐catalyzed Chan–Evans–Lam reaction, none has truly been rendered atroposelective at the newly formed C−N bond. The first ever Chan–Evans–Lam atroposelective amination is herein described with a simple copper catalyst and newly designed PyrOx chiral ligand. This method should find important applications in asymmetric synthesis, in particular for medicinal chemistry.
Synthesis and Properties of Ag‐Au Alloy Nanoparticles with Controlled Composition for Computed Tomography Imaging Applications
Authors: Linh Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Tam Le The , Du Nguyen Hoa , Vinh Nguyen Dinh , Tuyet Phan Thi Hong , Quy Bui Minh , An Cao Thu , Suong Nguyen Thi , Hoa Nguyen Thi Hong , Lu Le Trong
Published: January 2024

Numerous non‐invasive assays have been developed to support CT imaging, consequently increasing the precision of diagnosis. Although these efforts made a significant contribution to clinical research, there is still more to be done. The goal is to replace conventional contrast agents with more potent ones. In this study, Ag−Au alloy nanoparticles were fabricated by substitution method between the precursor Au3+ and the previously prepared Ag nanoparticles. Effects of Au3+ quantity on the formation and characteristics of Ag−Au alloy nanoparticles were investigated. It showed that Ag−Au nanoalloy with a size of 14.2±1.0 nm, SPR absorption peak at 520 nm, and Ag: Au atomic ratio of approximately 3 : 1 were appropriate for biomedical applications. After phase transfer using poly (maleic anhydride‐alt‐1‐octadecene) (PMAO), the nano Ag−Au solution owned remarkable durability, stability and non‐toxicity Vero healthy cell line at high test concentration. In‐vitro CT imaging demonstrated a good X‐ray adsorption coefficient, and the hounsfield units (HU) was noticeably increased. As a promising CT contrast agent, the X‐ray attenuation of nano Ag−Au solutions correlated linearly with concentrations. These findings led to a potential application in the biomedical field, particularly in computed tomography (CT) imaging diagnosis.
Methyl Red Adsorption on Biochar Obtained by Physical Activation of Caraway Seeds with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Paluch Dorota , Bazan‐Wozniak Aleksandra , Pietrzak Robert
Published: January 2024

In this study carbon adsorbents were produced from caraway (Carum carvi L.) seeds, through direct and physical activation by carbon dioxide. The resulting biochar adsorbents were analyzed using low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherms and Boehm titration. Furthermore, the acid‐base properties of the biochar samples obtained were examined, and the pH of their aqueous extracts was determined. The obtained adsorbents had a specific surface area ranging between 10 to 70 m2/g. Resulting carbon materials exhibited a predominance of basic groups on their surfaces. The sorption capacities of methyl red for the samples varied from 3 to 20 mg/g. Conducted adsorption studies determined, that the adsorption kinetics of the dye on biochar materials followed a pseudo‐second order model and the adsorption process was best described by the Freundlich isotherm, indicating the development of a multi‐layer adsorbate on their surfaces. The effectiveness of adsorption in aqueous solutions of methyl red increased with the rise in process temperature. Moreover, the adsorption process was found to be spontaneous and endothermic based on thermodynamic investigations.
Coupling of CO2 Electrolysis with Parallel and Semi‐Automated Biopolymer Synthesis – Ex‐Cell and without Downstream Processing
Authors: Dinges Ida , Depentori Ina , Gans Lisa , Holtmann Dirk , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Stöckl Markus
Published: January 2024

Important improvements have been achieved in developing the coupling of electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate with its subsequent microbial conversion to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator. The CO2 based formate electrosynthesis was optimised by electrolysis parameter adjustment and application of Sn based gas diffusion electrodes reaching almost 80 % Faradaic efficiency at 150 mA cm−2. Thereby, catholyte with the high formate concentration of 441±9 mmol L−1 was generated as feedstock without intermediate downstream processing for semi‐automated formate feeding into a fed‐batch reactor system. Moreover, microbial formate conversion to PHB was studied further, optimised, and successfully scaled from shake flasks to semi‐automated bioreactors. Therein, a PHB per formate ratio of 16.5±4.0 mg g−1 and a PHB synthesis rate of 8.4±2.1 mg L−1 OD−1 h−1 were achieved. By this process combination, an almost doubled overall process yield of 22.3±5.5 % was achieved compared to previous reports. The findings allow a detailed evaluation of the overall CO2 to PHB conversion, providing the basis for potential technical exploitation.
Deadline‐cost aware task scheduling algorithm in fog computing networks
Authors: Sultan Hajam Shahid
Published: January 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) has provided us with various applications that need processing in real‐time. Fog computing has arisen as a highly effective computing paradigm that provides services closer to the IoT devices and hence fulfills the need for rapid response time and delay requirements of IoT applications. However, the heterogeneity of IoT tasks and the limited resources of fog nodes pose considerable challenges to task scheduling. Therefore, the effective utilization of fog resources is highly significant and necessitates an optimal and intelligent approach to task scheduling. This paper presents the “deadline‐cost aware task scheduling” (DCaTS) algorithm, which is designed for fog‐based IoT applications. The primary objective of this algorithm is to minimize the monetary cost while taking into account the deadline requirements and priority of tasks. The efficacy of DCaTS is assessed by analyzing various parameters, including completion time, monetary cost, response time, and waiting time. The experimental results show that in comparison with traditional policies, the proposed algorithm shows superiority in all the parameters. The proposed algorithm reduces the monetary cost up to 11.07% compared with the second best result. The results also indicate that DCaTS achieves a reduction of 10.05% in completion time, 10% in response time, and 10.12% in waiting time compared with the second best result.
Thinking flexibly about who digital mental health interventions are for and how they should be evaluated and used: Commentary on McClure et al. (2023)
Authors: Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E.
Published: January 2024

Less than 20% of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) ever receive treatment. Digital interventions offer one solution to this problem and have demonstrated promise, but there is a need to understand predictors, moderators, and mediators of response, which McClure and colleagues aimed to do in their systematic review. Yet their review also raised key definitional and measurement issues pertinent to conducting research on digital interventions for EDs and other mental health problems, which may have impacted the conclusions drawn and which may stem from applying what has “always been done” in research on more traditional psychological interventions to research on digital interventions. This commentary suggests that digital interventions for EDs and other mental health problems should not be conceived as a 1:1 replacement for individual psychotherapy, and rather, these interventions should be viewed as one option in a wide‐ranging menu of services that should be available, as the reality is that not all individuals want or can access the same type of care. If we accept that digital interventions need not be viewed as a 1:1 replacement for psychotherapy, then it logically follows that we should not evaluate or use these two approaches in the exact same manner.
Fine Gas Purification Approaches for High Purity Hydrogen Production from Ammonia
Authors: Bandlamudi George. C. , Wetegrove Marcel , Warr Laurence N. , Wartmann Jens , Kruth Angela
Published: January 2024

This review aims to evaluate the state‐of‐the‐art in purifying hydrogen from green ammonia. Green ammonia contains 17.8% of H2 and enables efficient liquid storage and transport of hydrogen produced from renewable electricity. Back‐conversion of ammonia to hydrogen may be carried out by several routes, whereby thermal ammonia cracking is one of the most efficient approaches. In the conversion of ammonia at high pressures, it is only possible to achieve complete conversion at very high temperatures (≈800 °C). Therefore, the separation of ammonia in the low percentage range (e.g., <0.001%) is an important task. For mobility applications wherein, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are to be fed with cracked H2 (from NH3), fine purity must be achieved, in agreement with ISO 14687‐2. In such a context, ammonia is particularly important, with a permissible concentration of 0.100 ppm. The main feasible routes for ultrafine purification are presented, namely, 1) permeation membranes and 2) absorbents, as well as a third route via 3) biological scrubber, and discussed with regard to efficiency, availability, and cost. Current technology gaps are also identified and an outlook is given toward new innovative approaches.
Consumption of ultra‐processed foods could influence the metabolic syndrome odds: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mehrabani Sanaz , Shoaei Niloofar , Shateri Zainab , Askarpour Moein , Nouri Mehran , Keshani Parisa , Honarvar Behnam , Homayounfar Reza
Published: January 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence has augmented globally during recent decades. Over the past years, the consumption of ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) has grown significantly worldwide. So, the present research investigated the association between UPFs and MetS in an Iranian sample. This cross‐sectional research was conducted on people (n = 8841) in the Fasa cohort study, Fars province, Iran. The participants' dietary consumption over a year, UPF consumption, and MetS diagnosis were evaluated through a 125‐item modified food frequency questionnaire, the NOVA food group classification, and the Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program, respectively. The association between the quartiles (Q) of UPF intake and the odds of MetS was estimated using the backward LR method of multivariate analysis. In the multivariate model, after adjusting potential confounders, the association between UPF intake and the odds of MetS was significant (Q4: odds ratio (OR = 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.76–3.89). Also, the odds of increasing triglycerides (TG), blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) and decreasing high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were significantly higher in the last quartile compared to the first quartile of UPFs (TG: OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.49–1.97, blood pressure: OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.30–1.79, FBS: OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.10–1.54, and HDL‐C: OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.08–1.39). The current research found a relationship between UPF intake and MetS and its components, indicating a diet‐containing UPFs can be related to the occurrence of noncommunicable diseases.
Malignant carotid body tumors: What we know, what we do, and what we need to achieve. A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Piazza Cesare , Lancini Davide , Tomasoni Michele , Zafereo Mark , Poorten Vincent Vander , Hanna Ehab , Mäkitie Antti A. , Fernandez‐Alvarez Veronica , Kowalski Luiz P. , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos , Ferlito Alfio
Published: January 2024

Malignant carotid body tumors (MCBT) are rare and diagnosed after detection of nodal or distant metastases. This systematic review (SR) focuses on MCBT initially approached by surgery. Preferred Reporting Items for SR and Meta‐Analysis (MA) guided the articles search from 2000 to 2023 on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Among 3548 papers, 132 (337 patients) were considered for SR; of these, 20 (158 patients) for MA. Malignancy rate was 7.3%, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutation 17%, age at diagnosis between 4th and 6th decades, with a higher prevalence of females. MCBTs were mostly Shamblin III, with nodal and distant metastasis in 79.7% and 44.7%, respectively. Malignancy should be suspected if CBT >4 cm, Shamblin III, painful or otherwise symptomatic, at the extremes of age, bilateral, with multifocal disease, and SDHx mutations. Levels II–III clearance should be performed to exclude nodal metastases and adjuvant treatments considered on a case‐by‐case basis.
Non‐IL‐2‐blocking anti‐CD25 antibody inhibits tumor growth by depleting Tregs and has synergistic effects with anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy
Authors: Peng Yujia , Fu Yuyin , Liu Hong , Zhao Shengyan , Deng Han , Jiang Xiaohua , Lai Qinhuai , Lu Ying , Guo Cuiyu , Zhang Guangbing , Luo Yong , Wang Yuxi , Gou Lantu , Yang Jinliang
Published: January 2024

CD25, also known as the interleukin‐2 receptor α chain (IL‐2Rα), is highly expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs), but relatively lower on effector T cells (Teffs). This makes it a potential target for Treg depletion, which can be used in tumor immunotherapy. However, marketed anti‐CD25 antibodies (Basiliximab and Daclizumab) were originally developed as immunosuppressive drugs to prevent graft rejection, because these antibodies can block IL‐2 binding to CD25 on Teffs, which in turn destroys the function of Teffs. Recent studies have shown that non‐IL‐2‐blocking anti‐CD25 antibodies have displayed exciting antitumor effects. Here, we screened out a non‐IL‐2‐blocking anti‐CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7B7 by hybridoma technology, and confirmed its antitumor activity via depleting Tregs in a CD25 humanized mouse model. Subsequently, we verified that the humanized 7B7, named as h7B7‐15S, has comparable activities to 7B7, and that its Treg depletion is further increased when combined with anti‐CTLA‐4, leading to enhanced remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment. Moreover, our findings reveal that the Fab form of h7B7‐15S has the ability to deplete Tregs, independent of the Fc region. Taken together, our studies expand the application of anti‐CD25 in tumor immunotherapy and provide insight into the underlying mechanism.
Overall team justice and psychological strain: A daily diary study
Authors: Ohana Marc , Bensemmane Sonia , Diehl Marjo‐Riitta , Stinglhamber Florence
Published: January 2024

Drawing on the relational and uncertainty models of justice, this research investigates the consequences of daily overall team justice perceptions on employees' daily psychological strain. Specifically, we examine daily psychological safety as a mediator of the relationship between daily overall team justice evaluations and daily psychological strain. We also argue that daily overall supervisor justice moderates this mediated relationship. Using a daily diary study over 10 consecutive working days, our results confirm that daily team justice reduces employees' daily psychological strain. In addition, our findings provide evidence that daily psychological safety mediates the effects of daily justice perceptions on daily psychological strain. Results also show that the relationship between daily overall team justice and daily psychological safety is moderated by overall supervisor justice, thereby complementing the target similarity model.
Effects of different irrigation amounts and biochar application on soil physical and mechanical properties in the short term
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Zhou Junan , Yan Haofang , Akhlaq Muhammad , Ni Yuxin , Xue Run , Li Jun
Published: January 2024

Biochar application, as a kind of soil amendment, significantly influences soil physical and mechanical properties. This study revealed the effects of biochar application on the physical and mechanical properties of a clay‐type soil at different irrigation levels. Soil was treated with three levels of biochar application: B0 (0 t ha⁻¹), B1 (25 t ha⁻¹) and B2 (50 t ha⁻¹), and three levels of irrigation: T0 (1.2 pan evaporation Ep), T1 (1.0 Ep) and T2 (0.8 Ep). The results indicated that other treatments reduced the soil bulk density compared with the control treatment (CK) (B0T1). Compared to CK, the highest reduction in soil bulk density was 18%. Irrigation did not improve the soil bulk density and porosity at the same biochar application in the short term. Biochar enhanced the stability of the soil aggregates. Compared to CK, the largest MWD (mean weight diameter) was enhanced by 9%. The addition of biochar and decreasing irrigation could decrease soil cohesion. The addition of biochar and increasing irrigation could increase the soil internal friction angle. The soil cohesion first increased and then decreased as the soil water content increased. According to the fitting formula, the soil cohesion was found to be minimum at B2T2, which was a decrease of 39% compared to B0T1. At the same irrigation level, the soil internal friction angle decreased with increasing soil water content. Soil penetration resistance showed a decreasing trend with the application of biochar. The more irrigation there is, the larger the soil penetration resistance.
Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution in Liaocheng men between 2016 and 2022
Authors: Zheng Lili , Zheng Liyuan , Chen Shuangfeng , Liu Wenhui , Qi Jieyu , Li Ke
Published: January 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to HPV‐related cancer in men, including the anus, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers and precancerous lesions. This study retrospectively investigated HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in Liaocheng men between 2016 and 2022. The total HPV positive rate was 64.87% (2388/3681, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.32%–66.40%), where high risk (HR)‐HPV and low risk (LR)‐HPV accounted for 42.49% (1564/3681, 95% CI: 40.90%–44.09%) and 69.71% (2566/3681, 95% CI: 68.20%–71.17%), respectively. The mixed HPV infection rate of two and more genotypes was 35.72%. The infection rate of HR‐HPV increased with the number of positive cases annually from 2016 (16.91%) to 2022 (46.59%). The most common HR‐HPV genotypes were HPV16 (11.60%), HPV52 (6.95%), and HPV59 (6.28%), whereas the least common HR‐HPV was HPV26. The most common LR‐HPV genotypes were HPV6 (56.99%), HPV11 (23.79%), and HPV43 (6.37%). The 9 v HPV vaccine preventable for LR‐HPV and HR‐HPV accounted for 80.78% and 30.40%, respectively, in this study. Most HPV‐positive patients aged 1–86 were in the 30–39 age group. This study confirmed that HPV prevalence in Liaocheng men was common and diverse. HPV16, HPV52, and HPV59 are widely distributed in Liaocheng men, and the male HR‐HPV infection rate remained high in this region. Regarding public health and cancer prevention, it is recommended and effective to include the HPV vaccination in the national vaccination program for men.
The trilemma of food production, clean energy, and water: COP27 perspective of global economy
Authors: Zhou Zhiyun , Liao Haoling , Li Hua , Gu Xiao , Ageli Mohammed Moosa
Published: January 2024

Food production is an essential component of global society, providing sustenance to the world's growing population. Countries export food to leverage their comparative advantages in agricultural production, satisfy the demands of international markets, and generate economic benefits. Additionally, food exports contribute to global food supply chains, which ensures the availability of food in places with limited production due to resource limits, climate conditions, or seasonal variations. As a reaction to these challenges, there has been a rise in the number of efforts made to promote food systems that are sustainable and resilient, to enhance food security. In recent years, green technologies have become increasingly crucial to the food production industry as they offer ways to minimize agriculture's environmental impact, encourage sustainable practices, and create high‐quality food. This study examines the impact of access to green technologies for cooking, CO2 emissions, arable land, and water productivity (WP) on global food production from 1990 to 2022. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, academia and researchers regarding sustainable agricultural practices, trade development, and environmental conservation. Using advanced parametric approaches, the results show that access to clean technology for cooking, gross domestic product, and the availability of arable land positively affect food exports. On the other hand, WP demonstrates a negative influence on food exports. This highlights the requirement for environmentally responsible methods of water management.
Global stability of viscous contact wave for compressible Navier–Stokes equations with temperature‐dependent transport coefficients and large data
Authors: Dong Wenchao , Guo Zhenhua
Published: January 2024

We are concerned with the large‐time behavior of the viscous contact wave for a one‐dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations whose transport coefficients depend on the temperature. It is shown that if the adiabatic exponent
satisfies a suitable inequality and strength
is small enough, the unique solution global in time to ideal polytropic gas exists and asymptotically tends toward the viscous contact wave under large initial perturbation for any
. Subsequently, we also prove that the large‐time asymptotic stability of the contact wave has a uniform convergence rate
under
initial data. Our results improve
‐rate
in [F. Huang, Z. Xin, and T. Yang, Adv. Math. 219 (2008), 1246–1297] which studied the constant coefficients Navier–Stokes system. The proofs are given by the elementary energy estimate and anti‐derivative method.
Some properties for the fifth‐order Camassa‐Holm type equation
Authors: Zhang Qingning , Li Li , Jiang Zaihong , Lu Qing
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study several problems of the fifth‐order Camassa‐Holm type (FOCHT) equation. The local well‐posedness and blow‐up scenario are established at first. Then we prove the global existence under some conditions and analyze the large‐time behavior of the support of momentum density. Finally, we discuss the persistence property in Sobolev space.
Active Terahertz Metamaterials Integrated with Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Varactor Diodes for Amplitude Modulation
Authors: Lee Gyejung , Hwang Ji Hyun , Jang Jae‐Hyung
Published: January 2024

Metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) varactor diodes are integrated with a THz fishnet metamaterial with its resonance frequency in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The electrically tunable capacitance enabled by MSM varactor diodes can shift the resonance frequency of the THz fishnet metamaterial and modulate the amplitude of transmitted THz waves. Conventional MSM varactor diodes can be represented by an equivalent circuit consisting of the series‐connected resistance and capacitance. When the frequency increases, the kinetic inductance associated with the two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) becomes significant in the THz frequency range. A very large resonance frequency shift as large as 0.57 THz is obtained due to the effect of the kinetic inductance change as well as the capacitance change in the THz metamaterial based on the fishnet structures. The fabricated THz fishnet metamaterial integrated with the MSM‐2DEG varactor diodes exhibits a modulation depth of 54.7% and an insertion loss of 3.32 dB at 0.66 THz.
DFT investigation on detonation properties and sensitivities of bridged triazolo[4,5‐d]pyridazine based energetic materials
Authors: Shengnan Yao , Shaochuan Bai , Xinghui Jin , Jianhua Zhou , Bingcheng Hu
Published: January 2024

A series of bridged triazolo[4,5‐d]pyridazine based energetic materials were optimized at B3LYP/6‐311G(d, p) level of density functional theory (DFT), and their detonation properties and sensitivities were calculated. The results show that the NN bridge/N3 group were beneficial to improve values of heats of formation while NN bridge/C(NO2)3 group can improve detonation properties remarkably. In view of the sensitivities, compound F2 possesses the minimum values of impact sensitivity which reveals that NHNH bridge/C(NO2)3 group will decrease the stability of the designed compounds. Take both of detonation properties and sensitivities into consideration, compounds C8, E7, E8, F8 were screened as candidates of potential energetic materials since these compounds possess similar detonation properties and sensitivities values to those of RDX. All the calculated results were except to shine lights on the design and synthesis of novel high energy density materials.
The minimal chemical tree for the difference between geometric–arithmetic and Randić indices
Authors: Mondal Sourav , Das Kinkar Chandra , Huh Da‐yeon
Published: January 2024

Topological indices are numerical parameters derived from the structural information of chemical compounds. By providing a quantitative description of molecular structures, topological indices enable researchers to predict various properties and behaviors of molecules. The Randić index () and the geometric–arithmetic index () are widely recognized topological indices. It is observed that, for any given graph . We aim to investigate the gap between and for chemical tree. The complete characterization of minimal chemical tree for is carried out here. This article offers an interesting finding that, whereas and provide same minimal chemical trees, yields minimal tree structures that are totally different from and . Moreover is observed to correlate well with physico‐chemical properties of octanes.
Adaptive fixed‐time control for nonlinear systems subject to mismatched uncertainties and external disturbance: An ESO‐based strategy
Authors: Yang Junyi , Li Zhichen , Yan Huaicheng , Zhang Hao
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the tracking problem is concerned for a class of nonlinear system. The primary objective is to achieve fixed‐time control performance in the presence of nonvanishing mismatched uncertainties and nonparametric external disturbance. Firstly, in order to estimate disturbance, a fixed‐time extended state observer with fractional power term is developed, the order of which is reduced to alleviate peaking value phenomenon. By reasonably switching among different estimation patterns, both transient and steady‐state performances are balanced. Secondly, by means of fuzzy logic system theory, an ESO‐based adaptive fuzzy control strategy with time‐varying gains is presented, and thus the mismatched nonlinearities are approximated, and the external disturbance is compensated in real time simultaneously. Moreover, by constructing a mixed barrier and quadratic type of Lyapunov function, the fixed‐time stability analysis is put forward for tracking error dynamics based on backstepping methodology. Finally, the advantages and effectiveness are illustrated by a numerical example on wheeled mobile robot. The main characteristic of this paper is to integrate ESO methodology into fuzzy control architecture in fixed‐time sense. As a consequence, not only the output tracking purpose, but also desirable transient performance can be achieved.
Oxygen Vacancies Driven by Co in the Deeply Charged State Inducing Intragranular Cracking of Ni‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Guo Fuqiren , Chen Yaoqu , Song Yang , Deng Yuting , Hua Weibo , Yang Wen , Chen Ting , Wu Zhenguo , Qiu Lang , Guo Xiaodong
Published: January 2024

Intragranular cracking within the material structure of Ni‐rich (LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐y, x ≥0.9) cathodes greatly threatens cathode integrity and causes capacity degradation, yet its atomic‐scale incubation mechanism is not completely elucidated. Notably, the physicochemical properties of component elements fundamentally determine the material structure of cathodes. Herein, a diffusion‐controlled incubation mechanism of intragranular cracking is unraveled, and an underlying correlation model with Co element is established. Multi‐dimensional analysis reveals that oxygen vacancies appear due to the charge compensation from highly oxidizing Co ions in the deeply charged state, driving the transition metal migration to Li layer and layered to rock‐salt phase transition. The local accumulation of two accompanying tensile strains collaborates to promote the nucleation and growth of intragranular cracks along the fragile rock‐salt phase domain on (003) plane. This study focuses on the potential risks posed by Co to the architectural and thermal stability of Ni‐rich cathodes and is dedicated to the compositional design and performance optimization of Ni‐rich cathodes.
Role of Cerium on the Intricacies of Deformed State and Softening Mechanisms of Low‐Carbon Steels
Authors: Kadgaye Chetan , Ansari Md. Sameer , Hasan Sk. Md. , Patra Sudipta , Nath Sumeer Kumar , Karmakar Anish
Published: January 2024

The present study investigates the softening kinetics of two cerium (Ce)‐modified steels after 60% cold rolling and annealing at 600 °C for 2–16 h. Cold rolling accumulates substantial strain in the ferritic matrix of low Ce (LCe) steel (0.03 wt% Ce) compared to high Ce (HCe) steel (0.6 wt% Ce). The acicular ferrite and Fe3C partition the imposed strain preferentially inside the ferrite matrix of LCe sample. Contrarily, a homogenous strain distribution in HCe sample is promoted by soft Ce2O3 particles embedded in ferrite. Both the steels achieve partial recovery and recrystallization even after 16 h of annealing. LCe steel experiences a softening fraction of ≈28 vol% after 16 h, inferior to HCe steel (≈34 vol%). During initial stage of annealing, nucleation of strain‐free grains are observed in LCe sample due to availability of grain and interphase boundaries. Subsequently, recrystallization kinetics get delayed because of the pinning effect exerted by fine CeO2 and Fe3C particles. In HCe samples, the early stage of ferrite nucleation is hindered by the segregation of Ce at grain boundaries. However, at a later stage, the recrystallization kinetics are accelerated owing to the ineffective pinning of dislocations and boundaries by coarse Ce2Fe17 and Ce2C3 particles.
Improved Reproducibility of Deflection Control Process for Cantilever‐Type MEMS Tactile Sensors
Authors: Hosokawa Harufumi , Kawasaki Yuki , Zheng Yingquan , Abe Takashi , Sohgawa Masayuki
Published: January 2024

This paper describes an improved process for controlling the initial deflection structure of cantilever‐type MEMS tactile sensors. By using residual stress, deposition sequence, and metal layer patterns, the initial deflection of the cantilever was successfully aligned to the same initial deflection with micron accuracy and 97% yield in a simpler and easier process than previous processes. This enables a reduction in the number of processes and flexible control of deflection, which is expected to improve yield and shorten fabrication time. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Combined exposure to lead and microplastics increased risk of glucose metabolism in mice via the Nrf2/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhu Mengqiang , Li Peng , Xu Tongfen , Zhang Guoyun , Xu Zhuo , Wang Xiangrong , Zhao Lulu , Yang Haibo
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of combined lead (Pb) and two types of microplastic (MP) (polyvinyl chloride [PVC] and polyethylene [PE]) exposure on glucose metabolism and investigate the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway in mediating these effects in mice. Adult C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, Pb (100 mg/L), MPs (containing 10 mg/L PE and PVC), and Pb + MPs, each of which was treated with drinking water. Treatments were conducted for 6 weeks. Co‐exposure to Pb + MPs exhibited increase glycosylated serum protein levels, insulin resistance, and damaged glucose tolerance compared with the control mice. Additionally, treatment with Pb + MPs caused more severe damage to hepatocytes than when exposed to them alone concomitantly, exposed to Pb + MPs exhibited improved the levels of interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and malondialdehyde, but reduced superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase assay in livers. Furthermore, they increase the Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) and phosphorylated p‐NF‐κB protein levels but reduced the protein levels of heme oxygenase‐1 and Nrf2, as well as increased Keap1 mRNA and Nrf2 mRNA. Co‐exposure to Pb + MP impacts glucose metabolism via the Nrf2 /NF‐κB pathway.
Experimental Study on Self-Healing of Micro-Cracks in Concrete with Combination of Environmentally Friendly Bacteria
Authors: Anjali R. , Anandha Kumar S. , Gangolu Jaswanth , Abiraami R.
Published: January 2024

Micro-cracks in constructions are unavoidable due to freezing, thawing, and shrinkage in concrete, as well as when concrete is exposed to the seafloor, on offshore platforms, or in tunnels and sewage pipes. This exposure also has an impact on the durability and service life of concrete. Standard healing materials are not long-lasting and are difficult to mend fine cracks with. According to new research, bacterial concrete is an effective approach for repairing concrete and boosting its longevity. The problem has been reduced using calcite-producing microorganisms that do not pollute the environment and are sustainable to produce. In the presence of carbonate ions, bacteria release calcium precipitate, a process known as bio-calcification. This study includes four blends as (1) normal concrete, (2) Bacillus cereus with normal concrete, (3) Bacillus subtilis with normal concrete, and (4) combined cereus and subtilis with normal concrete. Blend 4 provided the lowest slump value of 70 mm, the highest splitting tensile strength of 2.83 MPa, and the highest flexural strength of 4.37 MPa. This combination was more sustainable and cost-effective because it used less water and cement. Blend 4’s self-healing ability was remarkable, as the microcracks were cured after 7 days. Similarly, Blend 3 had a higher compressive strength of 33 MPa.
Variance of entropy for testing time-varying regimes with an application to meme stocks
Authors: Shternshis Andrey , Mazzarisi Piero
Published: January 2024

Shannon entropy is the most common metric for assessing the degree of randomness of time series in many fields, ranging from physics and finance to medicine and biology. Real-world systems are typically non-stationary, leading to entropy values fluctuating over time. This paper proposes a hypothesis testing procedure to test the null hypothesis of constant Shannon entropy in time series data. The alternative hypothesis is a significant variation in entropy between successive periods. To this end, we derive an unbiased sample entropy variance, accurate up to the order $$O(n^{-4})$$

O
(

n

-
4

)

with n the sample size. To characterize the variance of the sample entropy, we first provide explicit formulas for the central moments of both binomial and multinomial distributions describing the distribution of the sample entropy. Second, we identify the optimal rolling window length to estimate time-varying Shannon entropy. We optimize this choice using a novel self-consistent criterion based on counting significant entropy variations over time. We corroborate our findings using the novel methodology to assess time-varying regimes of entropy for stock price dynamics by presenting a comparative analysis between meme and IT stocks in 2020 and 2021. We show that low entropy values correspond to periods when profitable trading strategies can be devised starting from the symbolic dynamics used for entropy computation, namely periods of market inefficiency.