bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISO 8995-1:2002(E)/CIE S 008/E:2001 Lighting of Work Places - Part 1: Indoor
Authors:   CIE
Published: October 2022

CIE published its "Guide on interior lighting" 2nd edition in 1986. Since then lighting practice changed considerably, and it became necessary to prepare a new guide, this time as a CIE Standard.-\n--\n-Good lighting requires equal attention to the quantity and quality of the lighting. While the provision of sufficient illuminance on the task is necessary, in many instances the visibility depends on the way in which the light is applied, the colour characteristics of the light source and surfaces together with the amount of glare the system gives. In this standard opportunity was taken to specify for various work places and task types not just the illuminance but also the limiting discomfort glare and minimum colour rendering index of the source. Parameters to create comfortable visual conditions are proposed in the body of this standard. The recommended values are considered to represent a reasonable balance, having regard to the requirements for safe, healthy and efficient work performance. The values can be achieved with practical energy efficient solutions.-\n--\n-There are also visual ergonomic parameters such as perceptual ability and the characteristics and attributes of the task, which determine the quality of the operator's visual skills, and hence performance levels. In some cases enhancement of these influencing factors can improve performance without the need to raise illuminance. For example by improving the contrast of the task attributes, enlarging the task by the use of up to date visual aids (glasses) and by the provision of special lighting systems with local directional lighting capability.-\n--\n-The Standard provides guidance for illuminance, glare limitation and colour quality for general building areas, agriculture buildings, the cement, concrete and brick industry, ceramic and glass industry, chemical, plastics and rubber industry, electrical industry, food industry, foundries and metal casting plants, hairdresser, jewelry manufacturing, laundries and dry cleaning, leather industry, metal working and processing, paper industry, power stations, printers, iron and steel works, textile industry, vehicle construction, wood working and furniture industry, offices, retailing, restaurants and hotels, places of entertainment, libraries, indoor public car parks, educational buildings, health care premises, airports, and churches.-\n--\n-This Standard has been approved by CIE and by ISO as a joint ISO/CIE Standard.
ISO 23539:2005(E)/CIE S 010/E:2004 Photometry - The CIE system of physical photometry
Authors:   CIE TC 2-35
Published: October 2022

The visual brightness of a light source depends not only on the amount of radiation it emits but also on its spectral composition and on the visual response function of the observer viewing it. Because human visual response varies at different light levels and from person to person, precise photometry requires the definition of representative standard observers. The CIE system of physical photometry specifies procedures for the quantitative evaluation of optical radiation in terms of the spectral luminous efficiency functions of two such standard observers. One, V(?), represents photopic vision and the other, V'(?), scotopic vision. Used in conjunction with the SI photometric base unit, the candela, these functions constitute a system that enables the values of photometric quantities for all types of luminous source to be precisely determined, regardless of the spectral composition of the radiation emitted.-\n--\n-This international Standard specifies the characteristics of the system of physical photometry established by the CIE and accepted as the basis for the measurement of light. It defines the photometric quantities, units and standards that make up the CIE system of physical photometry and that have been officially accepted by the Comit� International des Poids et Mesures. They comprise:-\n--\n- the definition of photometric quantities and units,-\n- the definition of CIE standard spectral luminous efficiency functions for photopic and scotopic vision,-\n- the definition of a CIE standard photometric observer that conforms to these functions,-\n- the definition of maximum luminous efficacies for photopic and scotopic vision.-\n--\n-An informative annex provides a vocabulary of related terms.-\n--\n-This standard has been approved by CIE National Committees and by ISO as a Joint ISO/CIE Standard.
ISO/CIE 11664-3:2019(F) Colorim�trie ? Partie 3: Composantes trichromatiques CIE
Authors:   CIE
Published: October 2022

This document was prepared by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in cooperation with Technical Committee ISO/TC 274, Light and lighting. This first edition of ISO/CIE 11664-3:2019(F) cancels and replaces ISO 11664-3:2012(F) | CIE S 014-3/F:2011, of which it constitutes a minor revision. The document has been editorially revised as per current ISO and CIE rules and the references have been updated.-\n--\n-The document specifies methods of calculating the tristimulus values of colour stimuli for which the spectral distributions are provided. These colour stimuli can be produced by self-luminous light sources or by reflecting or transmitting objects. This document requires that the colour stimulus function be tabulated at measurement intervals of 5 nm or less in a wavelength range of at least 380 nm to 780 nm. Extrapolation methods are suggested for cases where the measured wavelength range is less than 380 nm to 780 nm. The standard method is defined as summation at 1 nm intervals over the wavelength range from 360 nm to 830 nm. Alternative abridged methods are defined for larger intervals (up to 5 nm) and shorter ranges (down to 380 nm to 780 nm). The alternative methods are to be used only when appropriate and when the user has reviewed the impact on the final results. This document can be used in conjunction with the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer or the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer.
ISO/CIE 11664-4:2019(F) Colorim�trie ? Partie 4: Espace chromatique L*a*b* CIE 1976
Authors:   CIE
Published: October 2022

This document was prepared by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in cooperation with Technical Committee ISO/TC 274, Light and lighting. This first edition of ISO/CIE 11664-4:2019(F) cancels and replacesISO 11664-4:2008(F) | CIE S 014-4/F:2007, of which it constitutes a minor revision. The document has been editorially revised as per current ISO and CIE rules and the references have been updated.-\n--\n--\n-The document specifies a method of calculating the coordinates of the CIE 1976 L*a*b* colour space, including correlates of lightness, chroma and hue. It includes two methods for calculating Euclidean distances in this space to represent the perceived magnitude of colour differences.-\n-The document is applicable to tristimulus values calculated using colour-matching functions of the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system or the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric system. This document can be used for the specification of colour stimuli perceived as belonging to a reflecting or transmitting object, where a three-dimensional space more uniform than tristimulus space is required. The document does not apply to colour stimuli perceived as belonging to an area that appears to be emitting light as a primary light source, or that appears to be specularly reflecting such light. The document is applicable to self-luminous displays, such as cathode ray tubes, if they are being used to simulate reflecting or transmitting objects and if the stimuli are appropriately normalized. Calculating the reverse transformation is shown in Annex A.
IEC 62471:2006/CIE S 009:2002(F) Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems / S�curit� photobiologique des lampes et des appareils utilisant des lampes (bilingual edition)
Authors:   CIE
Published: October 2022

S�curit� photobiologique des lampes et des appareils utilisant les lampes-\n--\n-Les lampes ont �t� con�ues et produites en quantit�s importantes et sont devenues d'utilisation courante dans l'industrie o� les normes de s�curit� n'�taient pas en usage. L'�valuation et le contr�le des risques li�s aux radiations optiques �mises par les lampes et les sources lumineuses repr�sentent un sujet beaucoup plus complexe que les travaux similaires entrepris pour un syst�me laser � une seule longueur d'onde. Les mesures radiom�triques n�cessaires sont tr�s compliqu�es car elles ne rel�vent pas de l'optique simple d'une source ponctuelle, mais plut�t d'une source complexe qui peut ou ne peut pas �tre modifi�e par des diffuseurs ou des projecteurs optiques. De plus, la distribution des longueurs d'ondes d'une lampe peut �tre modifi�e par des �l�ments optiques ant�rieurs, diffuseurs, lentilles, etc. aussi bien que par des variations de conditions de mise en oeuvre.-\n--\n-Pour analyser une source � large spectre optique, telle qu'une lampe � arc, une lampe � incandescence, une lampe fluorescente, une batterie de lampes ou une source lumineuse, il est n�cessaire, au pr�alable, de d�terminer la distribution spectrale des radiations optiques �mises � partir de la source au(x) point(s) le(s) plus proche(s) accessible(s) � l'homme. La distribution spectrale de l'�mission d'une source lumineuse peut �tre diff�rente de l'�mission r�elle par la lampe seule en raison d'une filtration par des �l�ments optiques (exemple : projection optique) plac�s dans le trajet de la lumi�re. Secondairement, la taille, ou la taille projet�e, de la source doit �tre caract�ris�e dans la r�gion spectrale du risque r�tinien. Enfin, il peut �tre n�cessaire de d�terminer la variation de l'�clairement �nerg�tique et de la luminance �nerg�tique efficace en fonction de la distance. La r�alisation des mesures n�cessaires n'est pas habituellement une t�che facile sans instruments sophistiqu�s. Il a donc �t� d�cid� d'inclure les techniques de mesure de r�f�rence pour les lampes et les sources lumineuses dans cette norme. Les techniques de mesure combin�es au syst�me de classement par groupes de risques d�finis, fourniront un document de base pour les fabriquants de lampes et les usagers, afin de d�finir les risques sp�cifiques photobiologiques de chaque lampe et/ou source lumineuse.-\n--\n-Enfin, pour certaines lampes et sources lumineuses, les risques li�s aux radiations optiques sont bien connus. Le but de cette norme est de fournir une technique normalis�e permettant d'�valuer les risques potentiels, li�s aux radiations, qui peuvent �tre associ�s � diff�rentes lampes et sources lumineuses.-\n--\n-Cette Norme a �t� approuv�e la CIE et par la CEI comme une Double CEI/CIE Logo Norme.
CIE S 012:2005 Standard Method of Assessing the Quality of Daylight Simulators for Visual Appraisal and Measurement of Colour
Authors:   CIE TC 1-53
Published: October 2022

Superseded by Standard Method of Assessing the Spectral Quality of Daylight Simulators for Visual Appraisal and Measurement of Colour-\n--\n-Joint ISO/CIE Standard-\n--\n-ISO 23603:2005(E)/CIE S 012/E:2004-\n--\n-This standard specifies a method of assessing the spectral quality of the irradiance provided by a daylight simulator to be used for visual appraisal of colours or for colour measurements and a method of assigning a quality grade to the simulator. It specifies the maximum permissible deviation of the chromaticity of the simulator from the chromaticity of the CIE Standard Daylight Illuminant or CIE Daylight Illuminant being simulated, for a simulator to be graded by this method.-\n--\n-The basis for the assessment is the special metamerism index for change in illuminant, using pairs of virtual (rather than real) specimens specified by their reflecting and fluorescing properties. The pairs of specimens are metameric matches under the CIE daylight illuminant, when evaluated with the CIE 1964 Standard Colorimetric Observer. The method described in this standard quantifies the mismatch when the pairs of virtual specimens are illuminated by the simulator under test and evaluated by the same standard observer.-\n--\n-The Standard is accompanied by a disk containing the spectral data of Tables 3-6 of the standard in MS Excel format.-\n--\n-This Standard has been approved by CIE National Committees and by ISO as Joint ISO/CIE Standard. It may be obtained from the CIE National Committees or at the CIE Webshop. A French version (CIE S 012/F:2004) is also available.FALSCH
CIE S 019:2006 Photocarcinogenesis Action Spectrum (Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers)
Authors:   CIE
Published: October 2022

Superseded by Photocarcinogenesis Action Spectrum (Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers), 2nd Edition-\n--\n-Joint ISO/CIE Standard-\n--\n-ISO 28077:2006(E)/S 019/E:2006-\n--\n-Solar ultraviolet radiation is recognized as a major cause of non-melanoma skin cancer in man. Skin cancer occurs most frequently in the most heavily exposed areas and correlates with degree of outdoor exposure. Describing the relationship of exposure (dose) to risk (skin cancer) requires the availability of a biological hazard function or action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis. This standard proposes the adoption of an action spectrum (weighting function) derived from experimental laboratory data and modified to estimate the non-melanoma tumor response in human skin. The experimental data are sufficient for estimating effectiveness down to about 250 nm, but experimental data are not sufficient for specifying effectiveness above 400 nm.FALSCH
CIE 002.2-1975 Colours of Light Signals, 2nd Edition
Authors:   CIE TC 4
Published: October 2022

Superseded by Colours of Light Signals-\n--\n-Standard CIE S 004/E-2001-\n--\n-This Standard specifies the allowable colours for steady signal lights and flashing signal lights where the duration of the on period is at least one second.-\n--\n-It is applicable to the colours of signal lights used in sea, road, air and rail transport systems including signal lights on ships, aircraft, motor vehicles and trains, where the recognition of the colours involved is essential.-\n--\n-The Standard can also be used for guidance on the selection of the colours-\n--\n- of light signals and warning lights on instrument panels in vehicles,-\n- of light signals and warning lights on instrument panels used for monitoring or control of industrial processes,-\n- used in visual display terminals when recognition of the colour code is important to intepreting the information displayed.-\n--\n-The Standard does not specify how signal lights should be used in the various transport modes nor does it specify the meanings to be associated with the different colours. Reference must also be made to international, regional and national conventions and regulations for the particular applications.-\n--\n-This Standard is not applicable to the colours of surface colour codes. Guidance on the allowable colours for surface colour codes is given in CIE Publication 39.2-1983 Recommendations for Surface Colours for Visual Signalling .-\n--\n-This Standard has been approved by the National Committees of the CIE and supersedes the recommendations made in CIE Publication 2.2-1975 Colours of Light Signals. Background information to this Standard can be found in the Technical Report CIE 107-1994 A Review of the Official Recommendations of the CIE for the Colours of Signal Lights.FALSCH
CIE 013.3-1995 Method of measuring and specifying colour rendering properties of light sources
Authors:   CIE
Published: October 2022

The CIE recommended in 1965 the procedure of measuring and specifying colour rendering properties of light sources, based on a test colour sample method. This method was updated in 1974 taking the chromatic adaptation shift into account. During the past 20 years several misprints were observed and corrected reprints were published from time to time. CIE 13.3-1995 is the corrected version of CIE 13.2-1974 that has been brought up to date to present spectroradiometric and calculation practice. The technical recommendations have not been changed.-\n--\n-Two computer programs to calculate the CIE colour rendering indices according to the present publication are available for DOS -computers to be run in a DOS or in an MS-WINDOWS environment as CIE D008.-\n--\n-This Technical Report establishes the CIE recommended method of measuring and specifying colour rendering properties of light sources based on resultant colour shifts of test objects, referred to as the Test-colour Method . It is the fundamental method for appraisal of colour rendering properties of light sources, and is recommended for type testing as well as for testing individual lamps.-\n--\n-This specification applies to most general purpose illuminants (e.g. tungsten filament lamps, tubular fluorescent lamps, and all other kinds of gaseous discharge electrical lamps except sources of predominantly monochromatic radiation such as low pressure sodium, etc.). This method may also be applied to modified daylight.-\n--\n-The rating consists of a General Colour Rendering Index which may be supplemented by a set of Special Colour Rendering Indices. The derivation of the Special Colour Rendering Indices is based on a general comparison of the length of colour difference vectors in the CIE 1964 Uniform Space.-\n--\n-To apply the recommended Test-Colour Method the resultant colour shifts for suitably chosen test-colour samples must be calculated. A set of eight test-colour samples is specified by their spectral radiance factors for calculating the General Colour Rendering Index. These samples cover the hue circle, are moderate in saturation, and are approximately the same in lightness. Data for six additional test-colour samples representing a strong red, yellow, green and blue as well as complexion and foliage colours are also supplied. From the colour shifts, Colour Rendering Indices may be found.-\n--\n-The Technical Report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It contains 20 pages, with 2 tables.-\n--\n-This Technical Report is based on CIE 13.2-1974. Keywords: chromatic adaptation, colour appearance, colour rendering, colour temperature, fluorescence
CIE 019.21-1981 An analytic model for describing the influence of lighting parameters upon visual performance, 2nd ed., Vol.1.: Technical foundations
Authors:   CIE TC 3.1
Published: October 2022

CIE 019.21-1981 Technical Foundations-\n--\n-CIE 019.22-1981 Summary and Application Guidelines-\n--\n-CIE 019.21-1981 describes a comprehensive analytic model of the influence of lighting parameters upon the visual performance potential of observers engaged in tasks with significant visual components, and describes the evidence used to develop each phase of the model.-\n--\n--\n-CIE 019.22-1981 summarizes the model and makes recommendations for its application in lighting practice.-\n--\n-The model has been derived from study and analysis of the extensive published literature that relates visual performance potential to lighting parameters, and includes two technical approaches which may be described as the empirical and analytical methods for studying visual performance. Empirical methods involve measurements of the speed and accuracy of task performance under real or simulated conditions of visual work. Analytical methods involve measurements of the operational characteristics of processes which are believed to be operative in visual work, either taken singly or in simple combinations, with subsequent synthesizing of the operational characteristics of the individual processes into a quantitative model which describes visual performance potential for given visual conditions. The analytic model described was derived from experimental data that the pertinent CIE committee was aware of. These data were obtained during a 50-year period form the two types of measurements mentioned. More than 2.200 persons residing in CIE member countries took part in these studies, either as observers or as unknowing subjects of field observations. Keywords: contrast rendering, equivalent reference illuminance, task demand factor & performance, visibility level, visual performance
CIE 019.22-1981 An analytic model for describing the influence of lighting parameters upon visual performance, 2nd ed., Vol.2.: Summary and application guidelines
Authors:   CIE TC 3.1
Published: October 2022

CIE 019.21-1981 Technical Foundations-\n--\n-CIE 019.22-1981 Summary and Application Guidelines-\n--\n-CIE 019.21-1981 describes a comprehensive analytic model of the influence of lighting parameters upon the visual performance potential of observers engaged in tasks with significant visual components, and describes the evidence used to develop each phase of the model.-\n--\n--\n-CIE 019.22-1981 summarizes the model and makes recommendations for its application in lighting practice.-\n--\n-The model has been derived from study and analysis of the extensive published literature that relates visual performance potential to lighting parameters, and includes two technical approaches which may be described as the empirical and analytical methods for studying visual performance. Empirical methods involve measurements of the speed and accuracy of task performance under real or simulated conditions of visual work. Analytical methods involve measurements of the operational characteristics of processes which are believed to be operative in visual work, either taken singly or in simple combinations, with subsequent synthesizing of the operational characteristics of the individual processes into a quantitative model which describes visual performance potential for given visual conditions. The analytic model described was derived from experimental data that the pertinent CIE committee was aware of. These data were obtained during a 50-year period form the two types of measurements mentioned. More than 2.200 persons residing in CIE member countries took part in these studies, either as observers or as unknowing subjects of field observations. Keywords: contrast rendering, equivalent reference illuminance, task demand factor & performance, visibility level, visual performance
CIE 026-1973 International Recommendations for Tunnel Lighting
Authors:   CIE TC 4
Published: October 2022

Superseded by Guide for the Lighting of Road Tunnels and Underpasses, 2nd Edition-\n--\n-CIE 088-2004-\n--\n-After having reviewed and defined the various factors to be taken into consideration with regard to the lighting of tunnels and road underpasses, the present document sets out recommendations concerning the daytime and night-time lighting. It also describes the measures to be taken into consideration in order to adapt this lighting to the fluctuations in the external lighting or in the case of failure of the normal electrical power supply of the lighting installations. Attention is also given to maintenance which has to be carried out in order to ensure the lasting quality of the installations.-\n--\n-It is also important to note that while this publication is part of a general activity aimed at improving road safety, safety depends on a large number of factors among which lighting is only one particular constituent. The contribution of lighting in this context is to enable the road user to perform his visual tasks by ensuring a sufficient visibility of objects.-\n--\n-This publication replaces CIE 088-1990 Guide for the Lighting of Road Tunnels and Underpasses.FALSCH
CIE 031-1976 Glare and uniformity in road lighting installations
Authors:   CIE TC 4.6
Published: October 2022

Glare in road lighting is distinguished as discomfort and disability glare. Discomfort glare is quantitatively described by a glare control mark which can be calculated from the photometric and geometric quantities of a lighting installation. The evaluation of disability glare is based upon the Holladay formula and expressed by calculating the increment in the threshold of detection of the luminance difference between a relevant object and the road surface. The uniformity of the road surface luminance is characterized by the overall uniformity and the longitudinal uniformity. Keywords: disability glare, equivalent veiling luminance, road lighting, uniformity
CIE 035-1978 Lighting of Traffic Signs
Authors:   CIE TC 4
Published: October 2022

Superseded by Roadsigns-\n--\n-CIE 074-1988-\n--\n-The purpose of this Technical Report is to provide information that will be relevant to an understanding of roadsigns for road traffic guidance. The report is restricted to matters that are of direct concern to the road user, and it is not concerned with any engineering aspects of signs.-\n--\n-The first part of the report gives a review in general terms of subjects related to the visual effectiveness of signs. The chapter on information processing demonstrates the complexity of the traffic situation and the driving task. The discussion of four aspects: conspicuity, legibility, comprehensibility and credibility lead the user of the report to a general understanding of all aspects required for a user's perception of signs.-\n--\n-Many investigations have been made into the factors likely to influence the perception of road signs. An extensive chapter discusses these particular roadsigns aspects as seen from a practical point of view. In this chapter again, the four aspects of conspicuity, legibility, comprehensibility and credibility are shown to be basic.-\n--\n-Variable message signs (VMS) are the subject of a separate chapter. While the development of these signs is still progressing a state-of-the-art is provided. In the last section of the report a number of different subjects are discussed, including retroreflection, influence of environmental conditions, and the maintenance of signs.FALSCH
CIE 045-1979 Lighting for ice sports
Authors:   CIE TC 4.4
Published: October 2022

This report presents a survey of experience in lighting for ice sports, particularly for skating, figure skating, ice hockey, and curling. The report specifies general lighting requirements with regard to illuminance, uniformity, modeling, glare control, color and color rendering. It provides guidance for selecting lamps and luminaires, and for the arrangement and installation of a lighting system. Keywords: ice hockey, lighting design & specifications, skating, sports lighting
CIE 053-1982 Methods of characterizing the performance of radiometers and photometers
Authors:   CIE TC 2.2
Published: October 2022

Procedures are outlined for characterizing the performance of radiometers, with special attention to photometers. Quantitative methods are given for evaluating the most important errors. These include:-\n--\n- systematic calibration errors;-\n- errors caused by non-standard spectral response;-\n- non-standard spatial evaluation of-\n- irradiance (illuminance),-\n- spherical irradiance (illuminance),-\n- cylindrical irradiance (illuminance) or-\n- radiance (luminance);-\n- non-linearity;-\n- fatigue;-\n- temperature coefficient.-\n--\n--\n-Ways of judging the significance of less important aspects are suggested. These include:-\n--\n- effect of modulated radiation;-\n- influence of polarization;-\n- non-uniform response;-\n- detector instability;-\n- zero drift.-\n--\n--\n-The report deals with general problems of evaluation of photometric and radiometric instruments. Numerical requirements for individual types of instruments in later reports are not included.-\n--\n-The report includes tables of the relative spectral distributions of five special sources that can be used to estimate the quality of the V(lambda) correction of photometer heads.-\n--\n-This Technical Report has been supplemented by CIE 69-1987 Methods of Characterizing Illuminance Meters and Luminance Meters. Keywords: photometers, radiometers, spectral responsivity
CIE 055-1983 Discomfort glare in the interior working environment
Authors:   CIE TC 3.4
Published: October 2022

A state of the art review of discomfort glare in the interior working environment is given, and a CIE mathematical model, or system, is proposed for the prediction of discomfort glare from lighting installations. The first part of the report contains a review of basic principles and methods of glare control and glare prediction systems used in various countries. The second part contains a critical review of research and major current prediction systems. This leads to the proposed CIE system, which incorporates current knowledge insofar as possible.-\n--\n-While this report is not intended to be the final statement on the subject, there has been considerable research to warrant its publication by the CIE. The report will assist countries in revising established systems, and other countries in adopting a particular system. It will also assist lighting students, as well as architects, consultants, and others associated with lighting, in understanding the phenomenon of discomfort and glare and its control. Keywords: discomfort glare, glare, glare index formula, interior lighting
CIE 062-1984 Lighting for swimming pools
Authors:   CIE TC 4.4
Published: October 2022

The report covers the problems of, and the approach to solutions for, daylighting and electric lighting of indoor and outdoor swimming pools. The main emphasis is on rectangular pools designed for recreational swimming, as well as training and competition pools. Private pools for special uses and private or public leisure pools are not covered specifically. However, many of the general principles and recommendations are applicable for these areas as well. The report also includes information on the special problems posed by color television coverage of outdoor and indoor swimming events. The wide variety of lighting techniques used is dictated by the structure of the buildings; the balance of daylight and electric lighting; and economic as well as practical considerations, such as installation and maintenance. The lighting designer must, in close collaboration with the architect, devise individual solution that meet the performance requirements proposed in this report for each and every project. Keywords: lighting design & applications, sports lighting, swimming pools
CIE 067-1986 Guide for the photometric specification and measurement of sports lighting installations
Authors:   CIE TC 4.4
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this report is to establish standard procedures for the calculation, measurement, and reporting of the illuminance characteristics of interior and exterior sports lighting installations. These procedures make it possible to compare the performance of alternative lighting systems on a common basis at the design stage of the project, and to relate it directly to on-site illuminance measurements of the completed lighting installation. A number of alternative approaches are given which allow the user or specifier to select a procedure suited to a particular project. Keywords: illuminance, light meters, sports lighting
CIE 068-1986 Guide to the Lighting of Exterior Working Areas
Authors:   CIE
Published: October 2022

Superseded by Guide for lighting exterior work areas-\n--\n-CIE 129-1998-\n--\n-The present document updates and replaces Publication CIE 68-1986 Guide to the lighting of exterior working areas.-\n--\n-The values published are based on illuminance concept. Further to the average maintained illuminance and minimum to average ratio, the minimum to maximum ratio was introduced. Glare is limited by Glare Rating (GR). The values are maintained and determined to achieve efficient working conditions, safe movement and traffic and safety/security of people and property. Work areas are divided into twelve sections and listed in the Application Tables.-\n--\n-Attention is focused on design values. Other topics, as colour quality, maintenance, environmental aspects, design and measurement are only mentioned in this paper, detailed recommendations or standards are to be sought for in relevant CIE and ISO publications.FALSCH
CIE 088:2004 Guide for the lighting of road tunnels and underpasses, 2nd ed.
Authors:   CIE TC 4-35
Published: October 2022

After having reviewed and defined the various factors to be taken into consideration with regard to the lighting of tunnels and road underpasses, the present document sets out recommendations concerning the daytime and night-time lighting. It also describes the measures to be taken into consideration in order to adapt this lighting to the fluctuations in the external lighting or in the case of failure of the normal electrical power supply of the lighting installations. Attention is also given to maintenance which has to be carried out in order to ensure the lasting quality of the installations.-\n--\n-It is also important to note that while this publication is part of a general activity aimed at improving road safety, safety depends on a large number of factors among which lighting is only one particular constituent. The contribution of lighting in this context is to enable the road user to perform his visual tasks by ensuring a sufficient visibility of objects.-\n--\n-This publication replaces CIE 088-1990 Guide for the Lighting of Road Tunnels and Underpasses. Keywords: adaptation, discomfort glare, equivalent veiling luminance, flicker, lighting design & specifications, motorized traffic, tunnel lighting
CIE 103-1993 Technical Collection 1993
Authors:   CIE
Published: October 2022

This volume contains short Technical Reports, Research Notes and Reporters' Reports prepared by our Divisions, Technical Committees and Reporters in 1992/1993:-\n--\n-103/1 Colour Appearance Analysis-\n--\n-Traditional colorimetry in itself is unable to define the appearance of a colour. What are required are measures that accurately correlate with the perceived hue, saturation, chroma, colourfulness, lightness and brightness of the coloured samples when seen under specified viewing conditions.-\n--\n-The Committee has selected two models that adequately predict the appearance of simple coloured stimuli under a light source whose chromaticity is not far from the Planckian locus and with a colour temperature between those of typical daylight and tungsten light. Keywords: actinic radiation effects, colour, emergency lighting, erythemal effect, industrial lighting, interior lighting, maintenance, photobiology, safety lighting
CIE 107-1994 Review of the Official Recommendations of the CIE for the Colours of Signal Lights
Authors:   CIE TC 4-14
Published: October 2022

Superseded by Colours of Light Signals-\n--\n-Standard CIE S 004/E-2001-\n--\n--\n-This Standard specifies the allowable colours for steady signal lights and flashing signal lights where the duration of the on period is at least one second.-\n--\n-It is applicable to the colours of signal lights used in sea, road, air and rail transport systems including signal lights on ships, aircraft, motor vehicles and trains, where the recognition of the colours involved is essential.-\n--\n-The Standard can also be used for guidance on the selection of the colours-\n--\n- of light signals and warning lights on instrument panels in vehicles,-\n- of light signals and warning lights on instrument panels used for monitoring or control of industrial processes,-\n- used in visual display terminals when recognition of the colour code is important to intepreting the information displayed.-\n--\n-The Standard does not specify how signal lights should be used in the various transport modes nor does it specify the meanings to be associated with the different colours. Reference must also be made to international, regional and national conventions and regulations for the particular applications.-\n--\n-This Standard is not applicable to the colours of surface colour codes. Guidance on the allowable colours for surface colour codes is given in CIE Publication 39.2-1983 Recommendations for Surface Colours for Visual Signalling .-\n--\n-This Standard has been approved by the National Committees of the CIE and supersedes the recommendations made in CIE Publication 2.2-1975 Colours of Light Signals. Background information to this Standard can be found in the Technical Report CIE 107-1994 A Review of the Official Recommendations of the CIE for the Colours of Signal Lights. Keywords: colour, signal & signs
CIE 122-1996 The Relationship between digital and colorimetric data for computer-controlled CRT displays
Authors:   CIE 2-26
Published: October 2022

This technical report describes instrumentation and accuracy requirements appropriate for the measurement of the spectral and colorimetric characteristics of computer-controlled CRT displays. The relationship between digital and both spectral and colorimetric data is described based on the generic signal processing and electronics of this technology. A practical methodology is described to characterise the colorimetric properties of a computer-controlled CRT. A worked example supplements the described methodology. Keywords: displays, colorimetry, visual display unit
CIE 128-1998 Guide to the lighting for open-cast mines
Authors:   CIE TC 5-03
Published: October 2022

Open-cast mines cover a large area and continually change their shape as mining proceeds. Effective illumination is required to achieve production and safe operation of various machinery at different work areas.-\n--\n-Mobile mining machinery is equipped with luminaires powered by on board generators. Movable lighting towers are used in the mine faces for general lighting. Deep, compact pits and permanent facilities such as stockpiles, conveyors and processing plant, can be lit from fixed lighting arrangements.-\n--\n-Illuminance levels are provided for each work area to meet the visibility requirements of equipment operators and other workers.-\n--\n-Luminaires must have a high degree of protection against ingress of dust and moisture due to the atmosphere prevalent in open-cast mines. Luminaire design and installation must facilitate ease of maintenance. Strict adherence to agreed-upon maintenance schedules is important for prevention of undue loss of light with time and to avoid capital investment in higher initial lighting levels thus saving energy.-\n--\n-Lighting quality parameters like average illuminance, uniformity and glare limitation have been described. Further guidance can be obtained from existing CIE publications. Requirements for areas typical of open-cast mines have been given. Keywords: mine lighting, lighting design & specifications, exterior lighting
CIE 136-2000 Guide to the lighting of urban areas
Authors:   CIE TC 4-34
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this guide is to supplement the lighting recommendations and standards for roads and areas of public use as detailed in the Publication CIE 115-1995. It replaces CIE 92-1992 Guide to the Lighting of Urban Areas.-\n--\n-The recommendations cover the effect of light on night time crime and suggests lighting requirements for residential roads and community areas, industrial roads, central business districts and malls, pedestrian paths and access facilities and cycle tracks.-\n--\n-In addition to proposing levels of luminance and illuminance the recommendations consider aspects such as modelling of people and structures within the environment, the effects of glare and sparkle, suitability of light sources as far as colour appearance and colour rendering are concerned, the effect of the lighting on the environment and the general aesthetics of the lighting equipment used.-\n--\n-This publication is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It contains 38 pages with 5 figures and 11 tables. Keywords: exterior lighting, lighting design & specifications, residence lighting, road lighting, urban lighting
CIE 139-2001 The Influence of Daylight and artificial light variations in humans. A bibliography
Authors:   CIE TC 6-16
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the study of the psychobiological effects of light has come forth as an important subfield of lighting research. This final report of TC 6-16 consists of an alphabetically ordered bibliography with 1100 entries and a basic list of 120 key words. The bibliography deals with the impact of light, both natural and artificial, upon the biological clock. The effects cited include physiological variations between day and night, during the menstrual cycle, and during the different seasons of the year. Also included are psychological variations in emotional tone and alertness, as well as pre-menstrual tension and seasonal affective disorder. Keywords: actinic radiation effects, daylight, interior lighting, photobiology
CIE 141-2001 Testing of supplementary systems of photometry
Authors:   CIE TC 1-21
Published: October 2022

This report contains the most recent versions of 10 photometric systems (4 for 2� and 6 for 10� fields) which have been proposed to CIE Division 1 as methods of assessing the relative brightness of lights across the entire range of human visual sensitivity. To provide quantitative tests of these systems, each system has been applied to several sets of data submitted by independent laboratories employing different stimulus sets and different experimental procedures for heterochromatic brightness matching (HCBM). Furthermore, each system was applied to data obtained in HCBM experiments performed by 6 research groups using the same coloured samples under very similar experimental conditions. These numerical tests were primarily intended to see the equality of equivalent luminances for brightness-matched stimuli but not to test the absolute level of scaling for brightness. This report describes the results of these quantitative tests; it makes no recommendation for a new CIE system. Keywords: brightness, colour, luminance, photometry
CIE 149:2002 The use of tungsten filament lamps as secondary standard sources
Authors:   CIE TC 2-04
Published: October 2022

This publication deals with the selection and operation of tungsten filament lamps intended for use as secondary standard sources.-\n--\n-Secondary standard sources are required to be stable and reproducible. The best performance is obtained from incandescent tungsten filament lamps that have been designed and constructed specifically for this application. The requirements for such lamps and the principles underlying their design, construction and operation are summarized in this report. An indication is given of the levels of performance that can reasonably be expected at the present state of the art.-\n--\n-Because the special, hand-made lamps required for this purpose are only available from a small number of specialist manufacturers, a list of all the known suppliers has also been included. Keywords: illuminance, irradiance, luminous flux, luminous intensity, radiant flux, radiant intensity, standard source
CIE 158:2004 Ocular Lighting Effects on Human Physiology and Behaviour
Authors:   CIE TC 6-11
Published: October 2022

Superseded by Ocular Lighting Effects on Human Physiology and Behaviour (Including Erratum 1), 2nd Edition-\n--\n-CIE 158:2009-\n--\n-The nonvisual biological and behavioural effects of light in animals and humans are mediated by specific neuroanatomical pathways. Controlled empirical studies have shown that light can be used to treat some clinical disorders and may have broader, nonclinical applications for problems of shift work and jet lag. Studies are testing how lighting may be incorporated into architectural designs that are optimal for vision as well as physiological and behavioural stimulation.-\n--\n-This publication corrects and replaces CIE 158:2004 Ocular Lighting Effects on Human Physiology and Behaviour . Keywords: actinic action spectrum, actinic radiation effects, lighting quality, photobiology, radiation effects
CIE 164:2005 Hollow light guide technology and applications
Authors:   CIE TC 3-30
Published: October 2022

CIE initiated a Technical Committee Hollow Light Guides for the purpose of developing new terminology and dissemination of information in the field of illumination with hollow light guides. This report is a first step in that direction, representing the state of the art at the time of its substantial completion in 1999.-\n--\n-It includes a brief history of the field of hollow light guides, reviews the different solutions and describes the basic physics behind them. The pros and cons of each of the solutions are summarized and the terminology is given. System design and the photometry of hollow light guides are detailed. Finally, a review of four example projects is given. Keywords: absorption, daylight, hollow light guide, lighting design & specifications, photometry
CIE 165:2005 CIE 10 degree photopic photometric observer
Authors:   CIE TC 1-59
Published: October 2022

The V(?) function accepted in 1924 is valid for photopic vision. It was long recognized that for para-foveal vision this function does not describe luminance perception correctly. In 1964 the CIE accepted a large field colorimetric observer, but this system had no photometric counterpart. Subsequent research has shown that y10(?) function can be used as the spectral luminous efficiency function of a 10� photometric observer. The present report provides guidance when and how this large field photometric observer could be used, especially if luminance has to be determined para-foveally.-\n--\n-Based on the detailed evaluation of the available literature data TC 1-59 came to the conclusion that the adoption of a 10� photopic photometric observer [V10(?)] can be recommended to the CIE and that this system should be based - according to the original recommendations of the CIE Colorimetric Committee - on the y10(?) function of the CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observer.-\n--\n-The report is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 23 pages with 3 tables. Keywords: colour matching functions, photometric observer, photometry, standard observer
CIE 170-1:2006 Fundamental chromaticity diagram with physiological axes - Part 1
Authors:   CIE TC 1-36
Published: October 2022

CIE established, in 1991, the Technical Committee TC 1-36 with the following Terms of Reference: Establish a fundamental chromaticity diagram of which the co-ordinates correspond to physiologically significant axes .-\n--\n-Part I of the report is limited to the choice of a set of colour matching functions and estimates of cone fundamentals for the normal observer, ranging in viewing angle from 1� to 10�.-\n--\n-The report starts with the choice of the 10� Colour Matching Functions (CMFs) of Stiles and Burch (1959). Then, following the ideas put forward by Stockman and Sharpe (2000), by application of K�nig's hypothesis, and using the most modern data on the spectral sensitivity functions of dichromats, it is followed by the derivation of the spectral sensitivity functions of the long-wave sensitive (L-), medium-wave sensitive (M-) and short-wave sensitive (S-) cones, measured in the corneal plane for a 10� viewing field, the so called cone fundamentals .-\n--\n-Next, by correcting these functions for the absorption of the ocular media and the macular pigment, and taking into account the optical densities of the cone visual pigments, all for a 10� viewing field, the low density absorbance functions of these pigments were derived.-\n-Using these low density absorbance functions one can derive, taking the absorption of the ocular media and the macula, and taking into account the densities of the visual pigments for a 2� viewing field, the 2� cone fundamentals.-\n--\n-Using the same procedure one can derive cone fundamentals for every viewing angle between 1� and 10�.-\n-Effects of age can also be incorporated by application of the relationship of the absorption of the lens as a function of age.-\n-Tables are given, with intervals of 5 nm, of-\n--\n- 10� cone fundamentals, both in terms of energy and quanta;-\n- optical density of the macular pigment;-\n- optical density of lens and other ocular media;-\n- the photopigment low density absorbance spectra;-\n- 2� cone fundamentals, both in terms of energy and quanta;-\n- maximal optical density of the macular pigment as a function of field size;-\n- the optical density of lens and other ocular media as a function of age;-\n- the maximal values of the optical density of the visual pigments as a function of field size. Keywords: cone fundamentals, colour perception, physiological optics, visual performance