bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly synergistic, electromechanical and mechanochromic dual-sensing ionic skin with multiple monitoring, antibacterial, self-healing, and anti-freezing functions
Authors: Bai Long , Jin Yong , Shang Xiang , Jin Hongyu , Zhou Yutang , Shi Liangjie
Published: October 2021

A novel electromechanical and mechanochromic dual-sensing ionic skin (DSI-skin) with multiple biological functions is achieved by mimicking biological skin.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/phosphoric acid gel electrolyte@polydimethylsiloxane sponge for piezoresistive pressure sensors
Authors: Yao Shengping , Shen Junhao , Guo Yixin , Zuo Shaohua , Shi Fuwen , Jiang Jinchun , Chu Junhao
Published: October 2021

A conductive sponge was prepared by immersing PDMS sponge in PVA/H3PO4 gel electrolyte. The PVA/H3PO4 gel electrolyte builds a 3D conductive network inside the sponge. The sponge exhibited good sensitivity of 0.1145 kPa−1 (0–6.5 kPa).
A triple-stimulus responsive melanin-based nanoplatform with an aggregation-induced emission-active photosensitiser for imaging-guided targeted synergistic phototherapy/hypoxia-activated chemotherapy
Authors: Yu Jie , Zhang Xiaoli , Pei Zhichao , Shuai Qi
Published: October 2021

A triple-stimulus responsive nanoplatform integrating the newly AIE-active photosensitizer and targeted melanin nanoparticle loaded with the hypoxia-activated prodrug was synthesized for synergistic phototherapy/hypoxia-activated chemotherapy.
Enhanced stability in perovskite solar cells via room-temperature processing
Authors: Wang Boxin , Bi Shiqing , Zhou Jiyu , Ahmad Nafees , Zhang Dongyang , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Huiqiong
Published: October 2021

Stable and efficient perovskite solar cells were prepared via room-temperature processing, which eliminated ion evaporation.
Highly efficient solution-processed thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter based on a fused difluoroboron ketoiminate acceptor: C/N switch to realize the effective modulation of luminescence behavior
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Hua , Wu Xiaofu , Shu Haiyang , Tian Hongkun , Tong Hui , Wang Lixiang
Published: October 2021

Through simple C/N switching, the 3LE state of the two emitters can be drastically changed. Accordingly, a fluorescent molecule (DMAC-FBKI) can be transformed into a highly efficient TADF emitter (DMAC-aza-FBKI).
Facilitative Language Techniques Used in the Home by Caregivers of Young Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
Authors: Brock Aleah S. , Bass-Ringdahl Sandie M.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This research note reports preliminary data from an investigation of facilitative language techniques (FLTs) used in the natural environment by caregivers of children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). The investigation seeks to establish a new method to collect and analyze data on caregiver FLT use in the home.

Method

This pilot investigation included two children under the age of 36 months with moderate-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Both children were consistent users of hearing devices and were pursing oral communication. Data were collected via the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system in the participants' homes. Thirty-six 5-min segments containing the highest adult word count were extracted from each participant's sample. Researchers coded segments for the presence or absence of 10 FLTs within 30-s intervals.

Results

The collection, coding, and analysis of caregiver FLTs using LENA was a feasible method to investigate caregiver linguistic input in the natural environment. Despite differences in age, sex, and hearing level, the distribution of caregiver FLTs was similar for both participants. Caregivers used high levels of narration, closed-ended questions, and directives throughout the day.

Conclusions

Results of this investigation provide information about the types of FLTs that are used in the home by caregivers of young children who are DHH. Furthermore, results indicate the feasibility of this method to investigate in-home use of caregiver FLTs.
Single‐phase grid‐fed variable frequency high‐efficiency induction motor drive for fan applications
Authors: Khan Khusro , Shukla Saurabh , Singh Bhim
Published: October 2021

This work deals with a single‐phase grid‐fed fan type variable speed load profile system operated by a mechanical sensorless induction motor (IM) drive. A power factor corrected (PFC) boost converter is utilised for the development of the system. A full speed range of a fan with enhanced power quality during normal and abnormal grid voltage conditions is achieved by using this system. The system is simulated and analysed under variable speed and load conditions, during both the normal and weak grid, for a fan type load profile. To comply the IEEE‐519 standard at the utility grid, the power quality limits are achieved by developed control. Simulated results are validated with test results obtained on a developed prototype. The simulated and test results validate the suitability of the developed system at diverse operating conditions. The operational cost of the system is reduced by the use of a high‐efficiency IM and its efficiency is optimised. A combined approach of design of experiment (DOE) for reduction of variables and a particle swarm optimisation (PSO) technique with an objective function as the maximisation of efficiency is used to design and develop an IM with improved performance. Initially, parametric analysis of different variables of the IM is performed analytically to design the IM, design of experiment is used to reduce the number of variables, and different components of the motor are designed and optimised using PSO. Design simulations are performed using RMxprt analysis and finite element analysis is performed using Maxwell‐2D design software. The developed high‐efficiency motor is tested on a test setup in the laboratory and its tests are conducted as per the IEEE‐standard 112‐2017, with comparative analysis of a conventional motor of a 1.5 kW four‐pole, three‐phase squirrel cage IM, and simulated and experimental performances justify its suitability for grid‐fed fan applications.
Numerical simulation of surface charge inhibition performance on epoxy insulator under DC voltage by flexible coating strategy
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhao Huicun , Yuan Xiaochen , Wang Huan
Published: October 2021

Epoxy insulator is affected by surface charge accumulation under a strong electric field, which causes a decrease in the surface flashover voltage, threatening the safe operation of power equipment. This study reports on a flexible coating strategy for the insulator to inhibit the charge accumulation through numerical simulation. The experiment was conducted initially to reveal the charge accumulation feature. Then, the flexible coating method was proposed, in which the insulator surface was divided into three parts, and surface coatings with various conductivities were painted on the designated areas to adjust the charge distribution. Finally, the efficiency of such a coating strategy was estimated considering the temperature gradient. The results presented that the homo‐charge was mostly deposited on the non‐planar area of the spacer. The maximum charge density first decreased and then increased with increasing surface conductivity. The charge accumulation could be restrained by increasing the surface conductivity of insulator effectively. A significant suppression was achieved by properly coating with high conductivity at the non‐planar region and with low conductivity at the planar region. The suppression performance of such a strategy became reduced as the temperature gradient increased. The results indicate that the flexible coating can balance charge deposition in the non‐planar region and restrain charge injection near the electrode, thereby inhibiting the charge accumulation.
Three‐dimensional Doppler‐associated radar imaging method based on bi‐directional data processing
Authors: Hayashi Takumi , Ando Takeru , Kidera Shouhei
Published: October 2021

Using a microwave or millimetre wave radar system, this study aims to achieve highly accurate Doppler velocity estimation and radar imaging that would be suitable for various remote‐sensing sensors, such as self‐driving, surveillance, or security applications. In particular, micro‐Doppler signatures are one of the most promising approaches for human recognition; however, the traditional limitations of both velocity and temporal resolution need to be addressed. The weighted kernel density (WKD) algorithm using super‐resolution Doppler velocity estimation has been one solution. Using WKD, this study incorporates the range points migration (RPM) method of radar imaging to enhance accuracy in both Doppler velocity and radar imaging using an iterative data selection scheme. Furthermore, to obtain more informative Doppler‐associated RPM‐based images using less data by exploiting a unique feature of WKD and RPM methods, this study introduces the image integration approach along the slow‐time profile. In this framework, bi‐directional data processing between Doppler velocity and imaging analysis is achieved. At each pulse hit sequence, both numerical and experimental tests demonstrate that the proposed method yields a more accurate Doppler‐associated radar image compared with the methods in previous studies.
W51 North: A protocluster emerging out of a thermally inhibited fragmenting cloud
Authors: Tang Mengyao , Palau Aina , Zapata Luis A. , Qin Sheng-Li
Published: October 2021

Context. The fragmentation process in massive star-forming regions is one of the contemporary problems in astrophysics, and several physical processes have been proposed to control the fragmentation including turbulence, magnetic field, rotation, stellar feedback, and gravity. However, the fragmentation process has been poorly studied at small spatial scales well below 1000 AU.

Aims. W51 IRS2 is a well-known massive star-forming region whose fragmentation properties have not been thoroughly investigated yet. We aim to use the Atacama Large Millimeter and Submillimeter Array (ALMA) high angular resolution data to identify the fragments in W51 IRS2 and to study the fragmentation properties on a spatial scale of 0.04′′ (200 AU).

Methods. We used ALMA data of W51 IRS2 from three projects, which give an angular resolution of 0.028′′ (144 AU) at millimeter wavelengths. The continuum images reveal a significant substructure in an east-west ridge, where both W51 North and W51d2 are embedded. A spectral index map has been generated from the 3 and 1.3 mm high-resolution continuum images. We identified compact fragments by using uv-range constrained 1.3 mm continuum data. A mean surface density of companions (MSDC) analysis has been performed to study the separations between fragments.

Results. A total number of 33 continuum sources are identified and 29 out of them are defined as fragments in the surveyed region.The MSDC analysis reveals two breaks corresponding to spatial scales of 1845 and 7346 AU, indicative of a two-level clustering phenomenon, along with a linear regime below 1845 AU, mostly associated with W51 North, whose slope is consistent with the slope for the clustering regime of other cluster-like regions in the Galaxy.

Conclusions. The typical masses and separations of the fragments as well as the relation between the density and number of fragments can be explained through a thermal Jeans process operating at high temperatures of 200–400 K, consistent with previous measurements of the temperature in the region, and produced by the nearby massive stars. Therefore, although W51 IRS2 seems to be undergoing a thermally inhibited fragmentation phase, this does not seem to prevent the formation of a protocluster associated with W51 North.
Electron-impact ionization of Ar2+
Authors: Kynienė Aušra , Jonauskas Valdas
Published: October 2021

We study electron-impact single-ionization cross-sections for all levels of the ground configuration of the Ar2+ ion using the distorted wave approximation. We investigate the influences of the direct ionization and excitation-autoionization processes on the total single-ionization cross sections. We used corrected energies for the levels of the Ar3+ ion so that the ionization threshold corresponds to the value recommended by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Radiative damping is taken into account for the ionization cross-sections of the indirect process. Excitations from the 3s and 3p subshells are investigated for the indirect process. We demonstrate that the excitations from the outermost 3p subshell of the ground configuration provide an important contribution to the single ionization cross-sections at low energies. Fairly good agreement with measurements is obtained for the ground level of the Ar2+ ion. We show that the direct ionization provides ~70% at peak of the total single-ionization cross-sections.
Inspecting the Cepheid parallax of pulsation using Gaia EDR3 parallaxes
Authors: Trahin B. , Breuval L. , Kervella P. , Mérand A. , Nardetto N. , Gallenne A. , Hocdé V. , Gieren W.
Published: October 2021

Context. As primary anchors of the distance scale, Cepheid stars play a crucial role in our understanding of the distance scale of the Universe because of their period-luminosity relation. Determining precise and consistent parameters (radius, temperature, color excess, and projection factor) of Cepheid pulsating stars is therefore very important.

Aims. With the high-precision parallaxes delivered by the early third Gaia data release (EDR3), we aim to derive various parameters of Cepheid stars in order to calibrate the period-luminosity and period-radius relations and to investigate the relation of period to p-factor.

Methods. We applied an implementation of the parallax-of-pulsation method through the algorithm called spectro-photo-interferometry of pulsating stars (SPIPS), which combines all types of available data for a variable star (multiband and multicolor photometry, radial velocity, effective temperature, and interferometry measurements) in a global modeling of its pulsation.

Results. We present the SPIPS modeling of a sample of 63 Galactic Cepheids. Adopting Gaia EDR3 parallaxes as an input associated with the best available dataset, we derive consistent values of parameters for these stars such as the radius, multiband apparent magnitudes, effective temperatures, color excesses, period changes, Fourier parameters, and the projection factor.

Conclusions. Using the best set of data and the most precise distances for Milky Way Cepheids, we derive new calibrations of the period-luminosity and period-radius relations: MKS = −5.529±0.015  −  3.141±0.050(log P  −  0.9) and log R = 1.763±0.003  +  0.653±0.012(log P  −  0.9). After investigating the dependences of the projection factor on the parameters of the stars, we find a high dispersion of its values and no evidence of its correlation with the period or with any other parameters such as radial velocity, temperature, or metallicity. Statistically, the p-factor has an average value of p = 1.26 ± 0.07, but with an unsatisfactory agreement (σ = 0.15). In absence of any clear correlation between the p-factor and other quantities, the best agreement is obtained under the assumption that the p-factor can take any value in a band with a width of 0.15. This result highlights the need for a further examination of the physics behind the p-factor.
Yield and content of essential oils in the common origanum nursery
Authors: Reneva Maria , Gubanov Valeriy , Gubanova Vera
Published: October 2021

Common origanum is one of the most famous spices, it is popular all over the world. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comparative assessment of the yield of raw plant materials and the content of essential oils in common origanum plants. Field research was carried out in 2019-2020 at the experimental field of the Northern Trans Urals Research Institute - a branch of the Tyumen Research Center SB RAS (Moskovsky settlement of the Tyumen district). The soil of the experimental site belongs to the subtype of dark gray forest, heavy loamy according to the granulometric composition. From the studied 350 common origanum samples, 16 samples were isolated. All samples were evaluated according to the following criteria: the yield of raw plant materials and the amount of essential oil. The Khutoryanka variety is accepted as the standard. For two years of research, three samples were distinguished from the studied samples of common origanum in terms of the yield of raw plant materials compared to the standard: 12-2-2; 13-2-1; 15-2-1, the yield of these numbers was from 3.6 to 3.9 t/ha, this is (13.3, 10.0, 6.6 %) higher than the standard. From the studied samples of common origanum, two samples were distinguished by the content of essential oils in dry plant materials - 14-2-3 and 21-1-1. The harvest per hectare of these samples was, respectively, 750 and 928 ml in 2019, and in 2020, 1026 and 1120 ml/ha.
Marker controlled screening of resistant to red stele root rot (Rpf1 gene) strawberry selected forms
Authors: Lyzhin Alexander , Luk’yanchuk Irina
Published: October 2021

The results of the analysis of allelic polymorphism of the Rpf1 red stele root rot resistance gene in strawberry hybrid forms using diagnostic DNA markers were shown. The recessive homozygous genotype (rpf1rpf1) was identified in strawberry seedlings 932-29 (F. virginiana subsp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt × Feyerverk), 933-4 (F. virginiana subsp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt × Rubinovyy kulon), 62-7, 62-23 (Bylinnaya × Feyerverk), 65-2, 65-15 (Olimpiyskaya nadezhda × Bylinnaya) and 35-16 (922-67 × Maryshka). The heterozygous state of the Rpf1 gene was identified in strawberry forms 69-29 (Feyerverk × Bylinnaya), 62-41 (Bylinnaya × Feyerverk), 72-24, 72-71 (Privlekatelnaya × Bylinnaya), 65-17, 65-24 (Olimpiyskaya nadezhda × Bylinnaya), which allows them to be used in breeding for resistance to P. fragariae var. fragariae as valuable initial forms.
Study of the species composition and population structure of winter wheat leaf blotch pathogens in the central chernozem region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Zeleneva Yu.V. , Sudnikova V.P.
Published: October 2021

For the period of 2020, the species composition of winter wheat leaf blotch pathogens on the territory of the Central Chernozem region was studied. It is shown that the Zymoseptoria tritici species dominates in the pathogenic complex during all phases of wheat vegetation. Under the conditions of the year, the other two species - the pathogen of the disease: Parastagonospora nodorum and Parastagonospora avenae f. sp. triticea had no economic significance. The populations of the species Zymoseptoria tritici, formed on winter and spring wheat cultivats according to morphological, physiological and pathogenic properties, were studied. It is shown that black corrugated colonies with an average growth rate and high sporulation predominate. Using monogenic lines, virulence phenotypes were determined in isolates taken from infectious wheat material. Seven virulence phenotypes were identified. All isolates hit the test lines from 2 to 4 points, therefore they were characterized by wide virulence and high aggressiveness. The information obtained is necessary for the development of a methodology for resistance breeding.
Ecological and biological features and prospects of using Cotinus coggygria in breeding
Authors: Emelyanova Olga , Firsov Andrey
Published: October 2021

Due to the deterioration of the environmental situation, the requirements for the assortment of woody plants for landscaping territories for various purposes are constantly growing. To form a stable assortment of woody plants with the specified characteristics, it is necessary to use introduced species in the breeding process. The genetic collection of the VNIISPK Arboretum includes more than 310 species, forms and varieties of woody plants, including the Anacardiaceae family R.Br. All representatives of this family are introduced species, one of which is Cotinus coggygria. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of the ecological and biological features of Cotinus coggygria and its varieties to justify the use in breeding to obtain varieties with economically valuable traits in the conditions of the Central part of Russia. According to the research results, the most promising for use in breeding in order to obtain new varieties is C. coggygria cv. ‘Follis Purpureis’, which has a number of economically valuable features: winter hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests, complex of decorative qualities. C. coggygria cv. ‘Royal Purple’ can only be used as a source of resistance to diseases and pests and decorative coloring of leaves.
Combining ability of early-maturing varieties of soft spring wheat by grain weight from the ear
Authors: Novokhatan V.V. , Shelomentseva T.V. , Leonova T.A.
Published: October 2021

With the participation of early-maturing varieties, a topcross scheme of crossings was performed (10×4); maternal varieties: Pamyati Azieva, Altayskaya 92, Obskaya 14, SURENTa-6, Adeline, SURENTa-3, Voronezhskaya 12, Tyumenskaya rannyaya, Tulun 15, Tyumenskaya 27; testers - Iren, Novosibirskaya 15, Latona, Tulunskaya 12. In 2007, the Pamyati Azieva and Iren had a more productive ear – 0.88 g, in the dry year of 2008 - SURENTa-6, Adeline and Tulun 15 (0.80-0.82). The following strongly react to drought: Voronezhskaya 12, Tyumenskaya rannyaya, Iren, Latona, Novosibirskaya 15 (0.49-0.64 g). The Pamyati Azieva and SURENTa-3 are distinguished by increased CCA. Varieties with multidirectional CCA are recommended for synthetic breeding. SCA is distinguished in: Tyumenskaya rannyaya, SURENTa-3, in better conditions – SURENTa-6, Adeline, Iren, Tulunskaya 12, which allows them to be used in recombination breeding. Varieties with low indicators of CCA and SCA - Altayskaya 92, Obskaya 14, Tulun 15, Tyumenskaya 27 and Latona, are ineffective in breeding for productivity. The heterosis effect on the trait was manifested in 15-20% of the combinations, more significant in arid conditions.
Characteristics of the Western European ecological group barley varieties in the North-Western region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kovaleva Olga , Lukina Kseniia
Published: October 2021

In the North-West region, spring barley is the main grain fodder crop. The variety is an effective and most affordable means of increasing the harvest and quality of the grain. The studying selection material for breeding ensures success in the creation of new varieties. European varieties are characterized by resistance to powdery mildew, which is a limiting factor of breeding in the North-West region. This work aimed to find new sources of agrobiological valuable traits. In 2016-2018, which differed in weather conditions, 32 varieties of spring barley were studied on the field of the Pushkin Laboratory of VIR. As a result of studying a set of samples of the Western European ecological group, according to the main agrobiological valuable traits sources for breeding in the North-West region were identified: early maturing, semi-dwarf, large-grain variety – “Brucefield” (к-31555, parallelum, Germany); semi-dwarf, large-grain variety – “Brennus” (к-31331, nutans, France); middle-maturity, high-yielding, large-grain, semi-dwarf, resistant to lodging, with an adaptation coefficient more than 1 – “Niagara” (к-31334, nutans, France), “Tocada” (к-31341, deficiens, Germany), “Juhata” (к-31346, nutans, Germany), “KWS Alciana” (к-31348, nutans, Germany).
The accumulation of sugars and organic acids in blackberry fruit in the conditions of Сentral Russia
Authors: Makarkina Margarita , Gruner Lidia , Vetrova Oksana , Matnasarova Daria
Published: October 2021

The taste characteristics of berries of 26 cultivars, elite and selected forms of blackberries grown in Central Russia are presented: dry matter, monosaccharides, sucrose acid the total amount of sugars. The sugar-acid index has been calculated. The best genotypes have been identified according to the content of dry matter and sugars - Brzezina and Agawam cultivars, elite seedlings LN-4, LN-13, LN-14 and selected seedlings LN-5, LN-7, LN-8, according to the content of organic (titrated) acids and sugar-acid index - Brzezina, Black Satin, Loch Tau, seedlings of Black Satin, Cheyenne, Loch Ness - LN-6, LN-10, EV LN-13 and control cultivar Agawam. A high traits’ conjugation was established: the sugar-acid index and the content of monosaccharides, the total amount of sugars, soluble solids, as well as a high inverse dependency between the content of organic acids and the sugar-acid index. Low unreliable correlation coefficients (r = - 0.28 … + 0.13) were obtained, indicating the absence of links between the fruit weight and the content of biochemical components responsible for the taste characteristics of genotypes, which is a positive fact when creating new cultivars with high taste and a significant weight of fruits, indicating their independent inheritance.
Regulating physical and chemical properties of leached chernozems in the forest-steppe of the Southern Urals
Authors: Kiraev Rustiam , Kaipov Iahia , Shakirzianov Anvar
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of long-term use of lime, mineral and organic fertilizers on the physico-chemical properties of leached chernozem in the forest-steppe of the Southern Urals. Field experiments were conducted in the instructional farm of the Bashkir Agricultural Research Institute. The terrain is flat. Average annual precipitation varies from 389 to 500 mm. The sum of active temperatures reaches 2180-2230 ° C. The effect of experiment factors was studied in six-field grain-fallow and grain-grass crop rotation fields. The lime rates were calculated according to the total hydrolytic acidity of the soil. The dosage of organic and mineral fertilizers was determined to get the planned yields of crops in the given crop rotation. After liming, the reaction of the soil medium in the arable layer reaches optimal values for crops being pH 5.8-6.0. The amount of exchangeable bases increases from 38-41 to 43-45 mg-eq/100 g of soil. As a result of the complex application of liming, organic and mineral fertilizers, the physico-chemical properties of leached chernozem get close to the optimal parameters for field crop cultivation.
Agrogenic transformation (degradation) of chernozems of the Central Chernozem Region
Authors: Stekolnikov K.E. , Gasanova E.S. , Stekolnikova N.V.
Published: October 2021

Modern agriculture is impossible without the use of high balanced doses of mineral fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers in the modern volumes of their application are a powerful anthropogenic factor that increases the level of supply of agricultural crops with nutrients, but did not ensure the stability of yields. The long-term use of high doses of fertilizers does not allow to reach a deficit-free balance of fertilizer elements in agriculture and crop production. Studies of many scientists have shown that the long-term use of mineral fertilizers, in addition to the direct effect, causes a number of side effects, and contributes to the development of pronounced acidification of soils. This effect is observed in all agricultural zones, regardless of soil types. It is more pronounced on initially genetically acidic sod-podzolic and gray forest soils, but also on chernozems, which were considered resistant to acidification development. The consequences of soil acidification are manifested in the mobility and, as a result, the availability of fertilizer elements. Nevertheless, the main effect of soil acidification when using fertilizers is the lack of absorbed bases, which causes their progressive degradation. The acidification effect can be compensated by regular (once per rotation) liming.
The effect of mineral fertilizers on the seasonal dynamics of exchangeable potassium in the orchard soil and the potassium status of sour cherry trees
Authors: Roeva Tatyana , Leonicheva Elena
Published: October 2021

The study was conducted to assess the impact of mineral fertilizers applied to the soil on the potassium level in the components of the “soil-plant” system of the sour cherry orchard. The experiment was conducted in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Orel region) on loamy Haplic Luvisol during 2018-2020. The seasonal dynamics of exchangeable potassiumin the soil, the potassium status and productivity of sour cherry trees cv. ‘Turgenevka’ on the rootstock V-2-180 were studied in the orchard of 2015 planting. Fertilizers in the form of (NH2)2CO and K2SO4 were applied annually in early spring in doses of N30K40, N60K80, N90K120 and N120K160. It was found that a significant decrease in the level of potassium in the soil occurred during the period of intensive growth and crop formation, or after heavy precipitation. The use of fertilizers increased the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil (by 1.2-2.2 times), while the features of the potassium dynamics observed in unfertilized plots were preserved. Fertilizers contributed to the annual improvement of the potassium status of the leaves (by 0.05-0.24 % DW). The positive effect of fertilizers on the potassium content in fruits and the productivity of trees was manifested only in a year with prolonged intense precipitation (2020). The potassium content in fruits was 1.12-1.16 times higher than the control when applying N30K40, N60K80 and N90K120. A significant increase of tree productivity was found when applying N60K80 and N120K160 (by 54 and 69%, respectively).
Infection of grain crops with fungi of the genusFusarium
Authors: Zargaryan N.Yu. , Kekalo A.Yu. , Nemchenko V.V.
Published: October 2021

The widespread production of grain crops and the rejection of the classical technology of tillage led to a noticeable increase in the prevalence and harmfulness of phytopathogens. First of all, this applies to facultative parasites with a wide specialization -Bipolaris, Fusarium, as well as secondary fungi from the genusAlternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, etc. At the same time, there is a change of dominance among these species. The predominant niche is occupied by fungi of the genusFusarium, instead of species of the genusBipolaris. The infestation of not only the seed material with this pathogen, but also the root system requires the selection of approaches to reduce this pathogen development. The use of modern fungicides with chemical or biological substances in their composition can protect plants from the pathogen and affect yield.
Impact of optimized pest control schemes on mandarin yield in the Republic of Abkhazia
Authors: Karpun Natalia , Kulava Levan , Zhuravleva Elena , Shoshina Elena
Published: October 2021

Pests of mandarin reduce significantly crop productivity and commercial quality of the crop in Abkhazia. We assessed the impact of optimized mandarin pest control schemes on fruit size and crop yield in the humid subtropics of Abkhazia. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020 on full-aged plantings of cv. Unshiu mandarin in Gulrypsh district of Republic of Abkhazia on the base of Institute of agriculture of Academy of sciences of Abkhazia. The highest yield and quality of fruits was shown by the protection schemes in variants 5 (Confidor extra (0.05 %) + Cytovit (0.15 %) – the 1st treatment Vertimec (0.1%) + Cytovit (0.15 %) – the second treatment; the third and fourth treatments Karate Zeon (0.05 %) + Cytovit (0.15 %)) and 6 (Metomax (0.15 %) + Vertimec (0.1 %) – the 1st treatment; Karate Zeon (0.05 %) + Vertimec (0.1 %) in the other three treatments). The average fruits weight in these variants was up to 72-74 g. This exceeded the fruits weight in the Standard variant by 22.0-25.4 %. The yield was 46.2-44.7 t/ha, which is 36.8-41.3 % higher than the standard variant. Fruits of the 1st grade in the named variants accounted for 63.3-65.6 % of the total yield.
Biotechnological methods to improve the quality and safety of milk
Authors: Rodionov G.V. , Amerkhanov Kh.A. , Solovieva O.I. , Olesyuk A.P. , Minero C.S.M.
Published: October 2021

The foremost task of milk producers and processors is to prolong the shelf life of dairy products. One of the high-tech and innovative ways to address this issue is to suppress the growth of undesirable microorganisms. EMR milk treatment is proposed as one of such promising methods of product exposure in order to reduce the total microbial count, improve the milk’s chemical composition, and, ultimately, improve the quality and safety of milk and dairy products. The requirements of regulatory documents for the safety of milk and dairy products prohibit the direct introduction of preservatives into milk. In this regard, it is advisable to look for ways to use preservatives in packaging materials’ composition while observing the safety of the packaging itself. The purpose of our study was to identify the effect of electromagnetic treatment and preservatives, both direct application and in the composition of polyethylene packaging, on the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of milk at various storage temperatures. It was established that preservative’s introduction into the packaging film did not affect the chemical parameters of milk; the content of lactic acid bacteria in the product after a day of storage in modified polyethylene amounted to 1.4x106 CFU/cm3, while their number amounted 8.1x106 CFU/cm3 when stored in glass packaging.
Increasing the degree of biological full-value of the litter with the use of black soldier fly (Hermetia Illucens) larvae
Authors: Bryukhanov D.S. , Matrosova Yu.V. , Vlasova O.A.
Published: October 2021

The development of the livestock and poultry industry in the Chelyabinsk region is increasing every year, in this regard, there is a problem of disposal of animals and poultry waste products. The development of a method for increasing the degree of biological full-value of the processing waste products of monogastric animals and birds using Hermetia illucens larvae, which will further make it possible to solve the problem of environmental pollution and obtain an alternative feed protein. Studies have been conducted to obtain a substrate using bacteria - Bacillus subtilis. The chemical composition of biohumus was determined. The composition of the biomass of Hermetia illucens larvae grown on a substrate enriched with a probiotic preparation, namely the content of crude protein and amino acids, was determined.
Guttural pouch equine: topography and vascularization
Authors: Zelenevsky Nikolai , Prusakov Alexey , Yashin Anatoly , Karanina Varvara , Ponamarev Vladimir
Published: October 2021

The guttural pouch is a diverticulum of the auditory tube, the function of which hasn’t been fully understood yet. The work reveals the anatomy and topography of the guttural pouch. This knowledge is necessary for the treatment of mycosis of the guttural pouch, disease leading to toxic hepatitis. The examination includes postmortem dissection, sagittal head section, and cerebral bilateral angioradiography. The auditory tube diverticulum is a complex anatomical structure, consisting of a volumetric cavity, divided by the stylohyoid into rostral and caudal sections. Large maxillary, external and internal carotid arteries, some cranial nerves pass along the lateral wall of the diverticulum. The tissues of the wall of the diverticulum are affected by the angiotropic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The main role of the studied arteries in mycosis of the guttural pouch wall is to provide the pathogenic fungus with nutrients, which leads to destruction of vascular wall and lethal epistaxis. The placement of arteries near the most important cranial nerves causes the damage of them and the development of severe neurological disorders. The diameter of the arteries determines the choice of occlusive material for the surgical treatment of mycosis. Latin anatomical terminology corresponds to the 6th edition of the International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature.
Holsteinization results of Russian Black Pied cattle
Authors: Gorelik O.V. , Neverova O.P. , Zharkenov A.K. , Zharkenova Yu.Yu.
Published: October 2021

Holsteinized Russian Black Pied cattle of the Ural type are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, which is represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. The aim of the study was study holsteinization results of Russian Black Pied cattle in one of the pedigree reproducers of the Sverdlovsk region. Over the past 20 years, there have been significant changes in the rearing heifers’ raising intensity; their live weight at the first insemination increased and their age decreased. In terms of live weight at the first insemination, there was an increase from 2006 to 2013 to over 400 kg; then, when switching to early insemination terms, there was a decrease in live weight to 390 kg. The age of first insemination has decreased since 2000 from 20.2 months to 14.4 months in 2018. An inversely proportional dependence of the milk yield of first heifers on the age of the rearing heifers’ first insemination has been established. An increase in milk yield occurs with a decrease in the age of the first insemination and vice versa, an increase in the age of heifers’ first insemination is observed with a decrease in milk yield. Moreover, this also happened when raising both hybrid heifers and heifers of the new Ural type of Holsteinized Russian Black Pied cattle.
The effect of the biopreparation product "Tamir" on cattle health and productivity
Authors: Kudrin M.R. , Shklyaev A.L. , Klimova E.S. , Azimova G.V. , Bass S.P.
Published: October 2021

The article presents materials on the results of the study of the effect of the Tamir biopreparation on the growth indicators of repair heifers, the subsequent dairy productivity of cows and animal health as a result of the use of the biopreparation Tamir with a loose technology of keeping cattle on a deep litter. The work analyzed the technology of maintenance of repair heifers and cows, studied the indicators of live weight and average daily increments of repair heifers in different growing periods, studied the composition and method of preparation of the biopreparation "Tamir", the technology of biopreparation application for processing organic manure, analyzed the indicators of disposal of repair young animals and cows dairy productivity of first-calf cows for 100 days of lactation and by age categories for two years before and three years after the use of the biopreparation, studied the results of laboratory tests for compost suitability for application to the soil. The research revealed an increase in milk productivity, average daily gains of repair heifers, live weight at the first insemination, decrease in the number of retired repair heifers and cows from the main herd due to limb diseases. According to the results of the research, expert recommendations were given to the farm.
Correlation of the iron level in the bristles of Kemerovo pigs with macro- and essential microelements
Authors: Nazarenko Andrey , Zaiko Olga , Korotkevich Olga , Konovalova Tatyana , Osintseva Lyibov
Published: October 2021

Correlation data analysis of the iron content with macro- and essential microelements, as well as on the group of chemical elements interrelated with the Fe level in pig bristles are presented. The studies were carried out of the Kemerovo region on six-month-old pigs of the Kemerovo breed. Chemical analysis of swine bristle samples was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry. The data were processed using of the program R. Only positive relationships were established between the iron content and the chemical elements of the bristle, as well as the group of chemical elements associated with the Fe level in the bristle. Most of the connections are explained by comparing the data obtained with the research of other scientists on the topic.
Climate change trends in the forest-meadow zone of the Middle Urals and their impact on technological approaches to corn cultivation
Authors: Panfilov A.E. , Ovchinnikov P.Yu. , Tikhanskaya E.L.
Published: October 2021

The results of the analysis of long-term trends in changes in individual climatic characteristics and variations in weather conditions of the growing season in the forest-meadow zone of the Middle Urals for the period from 1958 to 2020 are presented, their influence on the choice of hybrids and some elements of corn cultivation technology are estimated. As a result of calculating the linear trend, a statistically proven trend has been established to increase the sum of active temperatures above 10 °C for May – September. At the same time, random fluctuations of the analyzed parameters over the years have a direct impact on corn development and productivity, and the limiting factor is the lower limit of these fluctuations, the values of which increase throughout the analyzed period. Nevertheless, the variation over the years remains strong, and the lower limit of these fluctuations does not reach the minimum level for the stable maturation of early-maturing corn hybrids. Therefore, for the conditions of the Middle Urals, the previous recommendations concerning the selection of corn hybrids for early maturity, cold resistance and drought resistance remain relevant. At the same time, the revealed climatic trend allows to predict an increase in the probability of obtaining feed with a high content of exchange energy, which characterizes it as positive one.
Evaluation of the productivity of spring grain crops with two-axis use in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Baykalova Larisa , Karvel Alexander , Novokhatin Vladimir
Published: October 2021

The application of two-axis use on varieties of spring barley, wheat and triticale is considered. In the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it is possible to obtain a second harvest in the form of grain with the repeated use of crops. The best varieties of grain crops for two-axis use were identified: barley - Zhikhar and Emelya, wheat - Rix, Triticale - Erythrospermum d. 94/11-19. With two cuts (grain + green mass), the energy productivity of the Zhikhar variety was 32,2 GJ/ha, the Emelya variety-33.7 GJ/ha, the Riks variety-63.4 GJ/ha, the Erythrospermum d variety. 94/11-19 – 60,3 GJ/ha. By the control of one mowing, the energy productivity of the Zhikhar and Emelya varieties was 122,9 % and 97,1 %, the energy productivity of the Riks and Erythrospermum varieties 94/11-19 – 197,5 % and 182,2 %. An increase in the protein content in the grain of barley, wheat and triticale with two-mowing use by 0.2-3.9% was noted.here
Expression of Bacillus ginsengihumi M2.11 bacterial phytase by recombinant Pichia pastoris strains
Authors: Itkina Daria L. , Suleymanova Aliya D. , Sharipova Margarita R.
Published: October 2021

Phytic acid is the main storage form of organic phosphorus. Due to its structural features, phosphorus in phytate is inaccessible for assimilation by animals. Moreover, remaining inaccessible reservoir of phosphorus for animal nutrition, phytic acid is capable of forming insoluble complex salts, which lead to soil and water pollution. Мicrobial enzymes - phytases, capable of decomposing phytic acid to organic phosphorus are being used as feed additives in animal nutrition to solve this problem. Thus, search and development of technologies for the production of enzymes on an industrial scale are the most urgent. Methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris are widely used in biotechnology, as an efficient system for the recombinant proteins expression. They have many advantages, including rapid growth on inexpensive media, a wide range of molecular tools for genetic manipulation in optimizing production processes, they are safe for humans and animals, carry-out many post-translational modifications and produce recombinant proteins intracellularly or extracellularly within a short period of time. It was found that the recombinant P. pastoris strains pPINK-LC-α-MF -phyC, pPINK-HC-α-amyl -phyC, pPINK-LC-α-amyl -phyC, pPINK-HC-α-MF -phyC are able to produce and to secrete B. ginsengihumi bacterial phytase M 2.11 phyC. The maximum activity was observed in the pPINK-LC-α-MF strain – 2.6 (U / mg). Recombinant B. ginsengihumi M 2.11 phytases exhibited high activity in a wide pH range from 2.5 to 9.0. The MF-phyC-HC construction is pH stable. The temperature optimum of all recombinant phytases corresponds to 37 ° C; recombinant phytases retain their activity in the range from -80 to 90C.
Practical use of the vaccination indicator in poultry farming
Authors: Momot Nadezhda , Kolina Yulia , Kamliya Igor , Trebukhov Alexey , Shaganova Elena
Published: October 2021

The article presents data related to the course of the vaccination experiment in the experimental group using the Vacci Blue preparation. At the same time, its good solubility in water without formation of any sediment is noted, as well as a positive effect on the quality control of young poultry vaccination in production conditions, which makes it possible for poultry farms to monitor the progress of preventive measures. The Vacci Blue preparation can be used as a vaccination indicator in poultry farming.
Food security issues in the economic security system of the Republic of Armenia
Authors: Manucharyan M.G.
Published: October 2021

One of the most important components of national security is food security. The country's food security is mainly ensured through the development of agriculture, food production and food import systems. The main problems of the development of the agri-food system of the republic were the increase of the level of provision of the population with food, the increase of the level of economic protection of the country, which, first of all, requires an increase of agricultural production to provide the population with locally produced food products, raw materials to the processing industry as much as possible, as well as to increase export volumes. The main goal of the research is to develop and outline the ways of further development of the RA food self-sufficiency based on the development of agricultural production. Based on the analysis of the current situation in the agricultural market, to propose a set of economic development measures, which will contribute to the increase of the food security level, the development of the agri-food system, the reduction of the poverty level of the rural communities. The research substantiated the preconditions for further growth of agricultural production, as a result of comprehensive studies and analyzes, the main directions of improving food production and increasing efficiency were outlined, which conditioned the scientific novelty.
Export-oriented intensification of potato production in the central non-chernozem region of Russia
Authors: Usanova Z.I. , Migulev S.P. , Pavlov M.N.
Published: October 2021

The results of studies (2019-2020) in a two-factor field experiment on sod-podzolic light-loamy well-cultivated soil on the of study the effect of non-root fertilization on the productivity of potato varieties are presented. The following factors were studied: A – Variety: 1 - Colomba, 2 - Red Scarlett, 3 - Gala. B - Preparation for foliar dressing: 1 - Control (water, 300 l/ha), 2 - Zircon (30 ml/ha), 3 - Epin-Extra (15 ml/ha), 4 – Folirus Premium (7 l/ha), 5 – Aquamix (220 g/ha), 6 – Mixture of Zn-EDDA + Cu – EDDA complexates (7 l/ha). It was revealed that the Red Scarlett variety had the highest productivity. Methods have been developed to increase the productivity of potato varieties by using the growth regulator Zircon, which provides the highest yield of dry matter and starch (an increase of 19.3 and 18.9 % to the control), and fertilizers - mixture of Zn-EDDA + Cu EDDA complexates (an increase of 14.4 and 11.8 % to the control).