bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Larvae from three Caribbean corals settle differently in response to crustose coralline algae and their bacterial communities
Authors: Giorgi A , Monti M , Paul VJ , Sneed JM , Olson JB
Published: October 2024

Certain species of crustose coralline algae (CCA) provide settlement cues for larvae of scleractinian coral species. However, it remains largely unknown whether larval settlement is mediated by compounds produced by the CCA itself, by compounds produced by the microbial community associated with the algal surface, or by interactions between the two. In the present study, settlement experiments were implemented to examine the possible roles of CCA and/or their associated microorganisms in coral settlement. Five species of CCA commonly found in the Florida Keys (USA), with or without antibiotic treatment (30 mg l-1 each of penicillin, streptomycin, and gentamycin) to reduce their associated bacterial communities, were used in settlement experiments with larvae from 2 species of broadcast spawning corals: Dendrogyra cylindrus and Orbicella faveolata. Larvae from an additional broadcast spawning coral, Colpophyllia natans, were used to assess settlement preferences among the CCA species. Sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene permitted molecular characterization of the CCA-associated prokaryotic communities to examine whether coral larval behavior was linked to the presence/absence and/or differential abundance of particular taxa. Results showed that antibiotic treatment reduced the culturable CCA-associated prokaryotic community by at least 97.6%, eliciting different responses from the coral larvae based on the coralline species tested, and that coral larvae showed varying degrees of specificity for CCA. Given the dramatic decline of coral reefs worldwide, these results highlight the potential of CCA to accelerate reef recovery as well as informing conservation efforts about the variability in settlement preferences of larvae from different corals.
Methane dynamics in seasonally euxinic coastal systems
Authors:   , Zygadlowska Olga Marzena
Published: October 2024

This thesis explores the dynamics of methane in the water column and sediment of seasonally euxinic coastal systems. The focus lies on how eutrophication and deoxygenation affect methane removal processes. Field studies were conducted to examine how variations in redox conditions influence aerobic and anaerobic methane removal pathways, and to quantify methane emissions to the atmosphere via diffusion and estimate how much methane escapes in the form of bubbles. The research was carried out in two study areas: the seasonally euxinic marine Lake Grevelingen in the Netherlands and the brackish, eutrophic Stockholm Archipelago. A range of techniques was employed, including high-resolution water and sediment sampling, in-situ methane flux measurements, microbial community analysis, and reactive transport modeling. Results showed that methane removal in Lake Grevelingen occurs through aerobic and possibly also anaerobic pathways, with much of the methane being removed near the oxycline during stratified periods. Aerobic methanotrophic bacteria (Methylomonadaceae) adapted to low-oxygen conditions played a crucial role in removing methane during summer stratification, A significant portion of the methane still escaped to the atmosphere both during periods of water column mixing and summer stratification, likely mostly in the form of bubbles, highlighting the role of eutrophic coastal systems in marine methane emissions. In the Stockholm Archipelago, methane emissions were found to be highest in areas suffering from long-term anoxia and shallow sulfate-methane transition zones (SMTZ), indicating that eutrophication and deoxygenation create hotspots of methane emissions. Additionally, in Lake Grevelingen, sedimentary molybdenum enrichments and isotopic signatures were evaluated as redox proxies. The results showed that sediments of seasonally euxinic systems can record isotopic signatures similar to those of permanently euxinic environments.
Overall, as coastal systems are becoming more eutrophic and deprived of oxygen, the efficiency of the microbial filter in the water column is expected to decrease, leading to enhanced methane emissions to the atmosphere, both via diffusion and in the form of bubbles.
Entangled Sainthood: Imperial Canonisations and the Invention of Saints in Colonial Latin America
Authors: Cruz Eduardo Ángel
Published: October 2024

This article examines the impact of canonisation trials on the promotion of new saints across the Spanish Empire. Focusing on New Spain and Peru, it demonstrates that the physical arrival of copies and summaries of a canonisation trial or hagiographies of a saintly candidate supported by the Spanish crown in Colonial America served as a catalyst for revitalising pre-existing devotions and even inspiring the creation of new ones. By examining the start of the canonisations of Fray Sebastián de Aparicio in Puebla (Mexico) and Toribio of Mogrovejo in Lima (Peru), the work provides an introduction to an often neglected phenomenon: the entanglement between religious, political and cultural forces in the formation of Latin American sainthood, mainly in four ways: causality, opposition, dialecticism and affiliation. *
Kajian Teologis tentang Mazmur 23:1-6 dan Penerapannya dalam Pelayanan Gereja Masa Kini
Authors: Gulo Miraniat Hati , Gulo Agustinus , Sihombing Herdiana
Published: October 2024

Psalm 23:1-6 is one of the most well-known passages in the Christian tradition, portraying the intimate relationship between God as the Shepherd and His people as the sheep. In the context of contemporary church ministry, a deep understanding of these verses is crucial, as they offer theological and practical guidance for the faith community in overcoming various spiritual and emotional challenges. This study aims to explore the theological relevance of Psalm 23 in the context of modern church ministry. The primary objective of this research is to conduct a theological analysis of Psalm 23:1-6 and to explore its application in today's church ministry context. This study also seeks to identify how the principles contained in this Psalm can serve as a foundation for pastoral care, spiritual strengthening, and congregation development in the modern church. The research employs a qualitative approach, using literature review and textual analysis methods. The primary sources used include the Hebrew text of Psalm 23:1-6 and modern translations, while secondary sources comprise various theological literature, Bible commentaries, and writings from related theological experts. This research also utilizes hermeneutical methods to delve deeper into the meaning of the text and its interpretation in various historical and theological contexts. The results indicate that Psalm 23 portrays God as a Shepherd who nourishes, protects, and guides His people, creating a sense of security and trust for those who follow Him. These attributes are relevant to contemporary church ministry, particularly in the context of pastoral care and spiritual support for congregants facing life crises. The findings also suggest that the application of the values contained in Psalm 23 can strengthen church ministry strategies in providing comfort, trust, and hope to its members. This study concludes that Psalm 23 holds strong and practical relevance for modern church ministry, as it offers an ideal depiction of divine care that can be applied in pastoral ministry. The church can use the principles from this Psalm to build trust and hope among congregants, as well as to provide more effective spiritual support in addressing the challenges of modern times.
Integration of blockchain with artificial intelligence technologies in the energy sector: a systematic review
Authors: Al Shareef Al Mothana , Seçkiner Serap , Eid Bilal , Abumeteir Hasan
Published: October 2024

Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain have become two of the most trending and disruptive technologies. Blockchain technology can automate payment in cryptocurrency and provide access to a shared ledger of data, transactions, and logs in a decentralized, secure, and trusted manner. In addition, with smart contracts, blockchain has the ability to govern interactions among participants with no intermediary or a trusted third party. AI, on the other hand, offers intelligence and decision-making capabilities to machines similar to humans. This review presents a detailed survey on blockchain and AI basics and features. This paper provides a review of the literature and a brief on the integration of blockchain and AI applications in multiple areas. We also identify some sole cases of blockchain–AI integration in the energy sector with current use cases. Eventually, we discuss research advantages and challenges associated with integrating blockchain with AI in the energy domain.
IgG1 versus IgG3: influence of antibody-specificity and allotypic variance on virus neutralization efficacy
Authors: Kallolimath Somanath , Sun Lin , Palt Roman , Föderl-Höbenreich Esther , Hermle Antonia , Voss Leonie , Kleim Marina , Nimmerjahn Falk , Gach Johannes S. , Hitchcock Lauren , Chen Qiang , Melnik Stanislav , Eminger Florian , Lux Anja , Steinkellner Herta
Published: October 2024

Despite the unique advantages of IgG3 over other IgG subclasses, such as mediating enhanced effector functions and increased flexibility in antigen binding due to a long hinge region, the therapeutic potential of IgG3 remains largely unexplored. This may be attributed to difficulties in recombinant expression and the reduced plasma half-life of most IgG3 allotypes. Here, we report plant expression of two SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that exhibit high (P5C3) and low (H4) antigen binding. P5C3 and H4-IgG1 mAbs were subclass-switched to IgG3 formats, designed for efficient production and increased PK values, carrying three allotypic variations, referred to as -WT, -H, and -KVH. A total of eight mAbs were produced in glycoengineered plants that synthesize fucose-free complex N-glycans with great homogeneity. Antigen, IgG-FcγR immune complex and complement binding studies demonstrated similar activities of all mAbs. In accordance, P5C3 Abs showed minor alterations in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization (NT) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated virus inhibition (ADCVI). Clear functional differences were observed between H4 variants with superior ADCVI and NT potencies of H4 IgG3 H. Our comparative study demonstrates the production of an IgG3 variant carrying an Fc domain with equivalent or enhanced functions compared to IgG3-WT, but with the stability and PK values ​​of IgG1. Our data also demonstrate that both allotypic variability and antibody specificity are important for fine-tuning of activities, an important information for the development of future therapeutics.
The effects of changes in the coastline and water depth on tidal prism and water exchange of the Laizhou Bay, China
Authors: Sun Jiwei , Peng Lihong , Zhu Xingwang , Li Zikang , Shi Hongyuan , Zhan Chao , You Zaijin
Published: October 2024

Laizhou Bay’s coastline has undergone multiple alterations due to human activities such as land reclamation and port construction. These changes in the coastline have led to modifications in the bay’s hydrodynamic conditions, which, in turn, can impact the marine environment and potentially result in a decline in biodiversity. To date, there has been no comprehensive study focusing on the coastline changes and hydrodynamic variations in Laizhou Bay. Therefore, this study utilizes coastline and water depth data from four time points—1990, 2003, 2013, and 2023—to establish a two-dimensional tidal current model of Laizhou Bay using Delft3D. Based on the good agreement between the simulated tidal current results and the observed data, this study further investigates the changes in tidal prism and water exchange in Laizhou Bay. The results indicate that tidal currents dominate the bay, with significant influences of topographic changes on the velocity and direction of tidal flows. The Eulerian residual current velocity is substantially lower than the tidal current velocity. Both tidal and residual currents play a role in controlling the distribution of materials within Laizhou Bay. Over the past three decades (1990-2023), the tidal prism in Laizhou Bay has shown a downward trend, with the tidal prism during spring, intermediate, and neap tides in 2023 reduced by 2.03%, 6.36%, and 10.19%, respectively, compared to 1990. The water exchange capacity has also weakened, with the half-exchange time being 71 days in 1990, increasing to 73 days in 2003 and 81 days in 2013, and showing a slight increase of 1 day in 2023 compared to 2013. Thus, changes in the coastline and water depth of Laizhou Bay can alter its hydrodynamic conditions, significantly impacting the tidal prism and water exchange, leading to a decrease in tidal prism and exchange rate, an increase in the water exchange period, a slower dispersion rate of pollutants, and a reduced water environmental carrying capacity. This research provides a scientific reference for protecting the marine environment and coastal management in Laizhou Bay.
An improved hybrid model for shoreline change
Authors: Lakku Naresh Kumar Goud , Chowdhury Piyali , Behera Manasa Ranjan
Published: October 2024

Predicting the nearshore sediment transport and shifts in coastlines in view of climate change is important for planning and management of coastal infrastructure and requires an accurate prediction of the regional wave climate as well as an in-depth understanding of the complex morphology surrounding the area of interest. Recently, hybrid shoreline evolution models are being used to inform coastal management. These models typically apply the one-line theory to estimate changes in shoreline morphology based on littoral drift gradients calculated from a 2DH coupled wave, flow, and sediment transport model. As per the one-line theory, the calculated littoral drift is uniformly distributed over the active coastal profile. A key challenge facing the application of hybrid models is that they fail to consider complex morphologies when updating the shorelines for several scenarios. This is mainly due to the scarcity of field datasets on beach behavior and nearshore morphological change that extends up to the local depth of closure, leading to assumptions in this value in overall shoreline shift predictions. In this study, we propose an improved hybrid model for shoreline shift predictions in an open sandy beach system impacted by human interventions and changes in wave climate. Three main conclusions are derived from this study. First, the optimal boundary conditions for modeling shoreline evolution need to vary according to local coastal geomorphology and processes. Second, specifying boundary conditions within physically realistic ranges does not guarantee reliable shoreline evolution predictions. Third, hybrid 2D/one-line models have limited applicability in simple planform morphologies where the active beach profile is subject to direct impacts due to wave action and/or human interventions, plausibly due to the one-line theory assumption of a constant time-averaged coastal profile. These findings provide insightful information into the drivers of shoreline evolution around sandy beaches, which have practical implications for advancing the shoreline evolution models.
Various configurations of externally bonded strain-hardening cementitious composite reducing shear failure risk of defected RC beams
Authors: Bahrami Alireza , Ghalla Mohamed , Elsamak Galal , Badawi Moataz , Mlybari Ehab A. , Abdelmgeed Fathi A.
Published: October 2024

This study delves into the efficacy of external strengthening methods in improving the shear behavior of defected reinforced concrete (RC) beams that lack shear stirrups, utilizing both experimental and numerical methodologies. Failure risk of such beams is a potential threat which is mitigated carefully to increase building safety and sustainability to avoid risk of construction failure. Ten RC beams underwent three-point experimental testing to assess the influence of the strengthening scheme and the presence of mechanical anchors. Two beams were designated as control specimens, while eight beams were strengthened with the application of additional strain-hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) layer in various configurations. These configurations encompassed single-sided, two-sided, and strip applications, with the inclusion of mechanical anchors. The study found that employing a single-sided SHCC, incorporating vertically bent bars into the RC beam, is recognized for its efficient alleviation of degradation in shear reinforcement. The incorporation of three SHCC strips to partially reinforce the compromised beams demonstrated a modest impact on the initial stiffness. Nevertheless, noteworthy enhancements of 46% and 42% were observed in both cracking and ultimate loads, respectively. Furthermore, increasing the number of the SHCC strips to four resulted in a more significant improvement in the load–deflection responses. Enhancing the compromised beams by applying four SHCC strips to the beams using bolts offers a feasible alternative to the configuration where SHCC was uniformly attached along the entire defected zone. Moreover, a numerical model was created to simulate the tested beams. The model effectively anticipated the progression of cracks, ultimate capacity, and deflection, indicating excellent agreement with the experimental observations.
New protocol for early robot-assisted gait training after spinal surgery
Authors: Jee Sanghyun , Jang Chan Woong , Shin Sang Hoon , Kim Yeji , Park Jung Hyun
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Early rehabilitation post-spinal surgery is vital for patients' recovery. Robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) shows promise but requires further study to establish a specific protocol and gauge its effects on both patients and physical therapists. This study aimed to determine the impact of a newly developed protocol for early RAGT on patients' functional enhancement and satisfaction levels after spinal surgery, as well as on the physical therapists who implemented the therapy.

Methods

First, we developed the protocol in collaboration with three physiatrists and two physical therapists with extensive experience in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. The protocol was updated three times, each after three rounds of face-to-face meetings. Afterward, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving five physical therapists and 32 post-spinal surgery patients at a tertiary hospital rehabilitation center. The intervention consisted of five sessions of RAGT. Main outcome measures included the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), the ambulation item of the Modified Barthel Index (MBI ambulation), and satisfaction surveys for both patients and physical therapists.

Results

RAGT typically started 17.91 ± 9.76 days postoperatively and was successfully applied with no remarkable adverse effects. The FAC scores increased from 2.65 ± 1.21 to 3.78 ± 0.71 (p = 0.006), and MBI ambulation increased from 7.69 ± 2.71 to 10.66 ± 2.90 (p < 0.001) between transfer and discharge. Satisfaction with the robot, RAGT, and treatment, assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, were 3.30 ± 0.79, 3.72 ± 0.85, and 3.08 ± 0.84, respectively. Satisfaction was notably the highest for alleviating fear of falling, whereas managing pain and discomfort during position changes scored the lowest. Physical therapists rated RAGT satisfaction, impact on the working environment, and treatment stability at 3.0 ± 0.65, 2.80 ± 0.67, and 3.50 ± 0.61, respectively.

Conclusion

Early spinal surgery rehabilitation with RAGT improved patients' functionality and gait satisfaction. While physical therapists considered RAGT safe, its impact on their work environment was limited. Integrating RAGT into post-spinal surgery rehabilitation demands ongoing protocol refinement, custom robot development, and efficacy evaluations.
Gut-brain axis and neurodegeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic potentials
Authors: Park Kelly Jimin , Gao Yao
Published: October 2024

This paper reviews the effects of gut microbiota in regulating neurodegenerative diseases through controlling gut-brain axis. Specific microbial populations and their metabolites (short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan derivatives) regulate neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and neural barrier integrity. We then discuss ways by which these insights lead to possible interventions - probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modification, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). We also describe what epidemiological and clinical studies have related certain microbiota profiles with the courses of neurodegenerative diseases and how these impact the establishment of microbiome-based diagnostics and individualized treatment options. We aim to guide microbial ecology research on this key link to neurodegenerative disorders and also to highlight collaborative approaches to manage neurological health by targeting microbiome-related factors.
Inverted U-shaped relationship between serum vitamin B12 and α-Klotho levels in US adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Yu-shan , Gong Xing-ji , Du Wen-jie , Li Yang , He Dong-yong , Yao Jian , Bai Cui
Published: October 2024

Background

Serum vitamin B12 and α-Klotho are important markers associated with aging. Limited studies have been conducted on the relationship between vitamin B12 and α-Klotho.

Objectives

This study investigated the relationship between circulating α-Klotho and vitamin B12.

Methods

A total of 4,502 American adults with circulating vitamin B12 levels and α-Klotho levels from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014) were included. A weighted multiple linear regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between vitamin B12 and α-Klotho levels. To clarify potential non-linearities, smoothed curve fitting and threshold effects analysis were employed.

Results

A statistically significant non-linear relationship was found between vitamin B12 levels and circulating α-Klotho levels after adjusting for potential confounders. We observed an inverted U-shaped relationship between serum vitamin B12 levels and circulating α-Klotho levels. Notably, serum vitamin B12 levels below the threshold (1,020 pg/mL) exhibited a positive correlation with circulating α-Klotho levels (β = 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09–0.18, p < 0.0001). Conversely, serum vitamin B12 levels above the threshold (1,020 pg/mL) exhibited a negative correlation with circulating α-Klotho levels (β = −0.12,95% CI: −0.17−−0.06, p < 0.0001). Sensitivity analyses were performed and consistent results were obtained.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated an inverted U-shaped relationship between circulating vitamin B12 and α-Klotho in American adults. The optimal concentration of serum vitamin B12 in American adults was found.
Intermittent fasting, fatty acid metabolism reprogramming, and neuroimmuno microenvironment: mechanisms and application prospects
Authors: Zhang Anren , Wang Junyu , Zhao Yinuo , He Yu , Sun Nianyi
Published: October 2024

Intermittent fasting (IF) has demonstrated extensive health benefits through the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and modulation of the neuroimmune microenvironment, primarily via the activation of key signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). IF not only facilitates fatty acid oxidation and improves metabolic health, but also enhances mitochondrial function, mitigates oxidative stress, promotes autophagy, and inhibits apoptosis and ferroptosis. These mechanisms contribute to its substantial preventive and therapeutic potential in various conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, autoimmune diseases, and neurotraumatic conditions. While supportive evidence has been obtained from animal models and preliminary clinical studies, further large-scale, long-term randomized controlled trials are imperative to establish its safety and evaluate its clinical efficacy comprehensively.
Development, education, and services in children with Down syndrome: a cohort analysis from a clinical database
Authors: Soccorso Cara , Hojlo Margaret , Pawlowski Katherine , Lombardo Angela , Davidson Emily , Sargado Sabrina , DePillis Rafael , Baumer Nicole
Published: October 2024

Background

Prior research has characterized neurodevelopmental phenotypes for Down syndrome (DS), but there is variability in age of milestone attainment and limited identification of early predictors of developmental trajectories. Additionally, less is known about receipt of education and services in relation to development.

Objective

This study describes the delivery of education and therapies in the setting of general developmental and behavioral needs in a large clinical cohort of children with DS seen in a specialized Down Syndrome Program (DSP).

Method

The clinically collected data included 814 patients with DS who were seen at a specialty DSP at a large, tertiary pediatric care center from March 2018 to January 2023. Data were collected through caregiver-and clinician-reported history at clinical visits to the program. Descriptive frequencies were utilized to describe participant demographics, skills and behaviors, and receipt of services, across age groups in childhood.

Results

Delays were present across all developmental domains; in particular delays in language, communication, and academic skills, and behavioral challenges were commonly reported. Almost all children received Early Intervention (EI) services, and many young children received non-public therapies after completing EI. Older participants demonstrated more impairments than younger age groups, yet received services at lower rates, particularly behavioral and speech language interventions.

Conclusion

A snapshot of developmental skill attainment in individuals with DS is provided. Therapies to support the levels of need were reported at much lower frequencies than the level of need reported to target aspects of development and behavior. Several gaps in therapies and educational services were identified. There is an important need for tailoring supports, based on developmental level, to meet individual needs. These findings may help to inform policy change related to developmental and educational services for individuals with DS.
Relationship between emotional intelligence and quality of healthcare among nurses
Authors: Oweidat Islam , Alzoubi Mahmoud , Shosha Ghada Abu , Ta’an Wafa’a , Khalifeh Anas , Alzoubi Majdi M. , Al-Mugheed Khalid , Alabdullah Amany Anwar Saeed , Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Healthcare organizations worldwide face intense competition for survival in an ever-changing environment.

Objectives

This study aims to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and quality of healthcare (QHC) among Jordanian nurses working in governmental hospitals.

Method

This study was conducted using a descriptive correlational design and included a sample of 172 nurses. Participants from five governmental hospitals in Jordan completed online self-administered questionnaires, including the Nurse-Assessed Quality of Nursing Care Scale and the Genos Emotional Intelligence Concise Scale, along with sociodemographic data.

Results

The participating nurses demonstrated a high level of EI (M = 3.809, SD ± 0.484) and a very high level of QHC (M = 4.260, SD ± 0.372). A statistically significant correlation was found between the total quality of healthcare variables and the total EI variable (r = 0.739, p < 0.01). Additionally, statistically significant correlations were observed between the QHC and EI, as well as their respective dimensions (r = 0.357–0.739). EI was found to be a significant predictor of the QHC (F = 34.872, p ≤ 0.001), with a positive correlation between the two variables (r = 0.733). EI accounted for 59.8% of the variation in the QHC.

Conclusion

EI is a key predictor of QHC. It plays an essential role in recruiting, staffing, promoting, and nurturing employees, making it a crucial criterion for achieving excellence in healthcare organizations.
Response to treatment with grapiprant as part of a standard multimodal regimen in young dogs with appendicular joint osteoarthritis associated pain
Authors: Enomoto Masataka , Hash Jonathan , Cole Tracey , Porcel Sanchez Maria D. , Thomson Andrea , Perry Erin , Aker Savannah , Nakanishi-Hester Aoi , Haupt Emily , Opperman Logan , Roe Simon , Thompson Nichola Archer , Innes John F. , Lascelles Benedict Duncan Xavier
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The response to medical management of young dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) associated pain has not been evaluated. Using an open-label design, the effectiveness, over a 4-month period, of standardized management (grapiprant/fish oil/exercise) for treating OA pain in young dogs was evaluated.

Methods

Included dogs were 9 months-4 years of age; ≥3.6 kg body weight; had ≥1 appendicular joint with radiographic OA and obvious joint pain; had a Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) score of ≥5. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory piprant (grapiprant) was given at the recommended dose daily, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation was initiated at 100 mg/kg and then increased to 200 mg/kg daily, and leash exercise was gradually increased to a target of 60 min daily. Client-reported outcome measures (CROMs) and force plate gait analysis were collected at baseline and monthly for 4 months. The index limb was defined as the most severely affected limb at baseline.

Results

Forty-eight dogs were enrolled (mean ± SD age of 30.7 ± 10.7 months). Hips, elbows, and stifles were commonly affected. Medication and supplement compliance was excellent (≥95% of target administered), and treatments were well-tolerated. CROMs showed significant improvement over time and at each time point. Overall, peak vertical force (PVF) increased significantly (<0.001), and vertical impulse increased numerically. Increase in PVF from baseline was significant at all time points except 4-months.

Discussion

This study demonstrates a clinically meaningful benefit of a multimodal treatment regimen over a 4-month period for young dogs (<4 years old) with OA-pain. Future work should determine if early, effective treatment is of long-term benefit.
Problemy współczesnego parlamentaryzmu Serbii – zagadnienia instytucjonalne i funkcjonalne. Tradycja a współczesność
Authors: Wojnicki Jacek
Published: October 2024

The article is dedicated to the problems of contemporary Serbian parliamentarism, both in the institutional and functional dimension. First, the evolution of the position of the Serbian parliament since 1835 will be presented, albeit in a cursory way, then the current constitutional regulations, before moving on to contemporary issues. The main research question is to what extent the problems of dysfunction of the Serbian parliamentarism result from structural reasons and to what extent from functional ones. Several research methods were used in the work – legal and institutional analysis, historical and descriptive analysis as well as a comparative and systemic method.
Identification of High-Order Linear Time-Invariant Models from Periodic Nonlinear System Responses
Authors: Hayajnh Mahmoud A. , Saetti Umberto , Prasad J. V. R.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel step in the extension of subspace identification toward the direct identification of harmonic decomposition linear time-invariant models from nonlinear time-periodic system responses. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through examples involving the nonlinear time-periodic dynamics of a flapping-wing micro aerial vehicle. These examples focus on the identification of the vertical dynamics from various types of input–output data, including linear time-invariant, linear time-periodic, and nonlinear time-periodic input–output data. A harmonic analyzer is used to decompose the linear time-periodic and nonlinear time-periodic responses into harmonic components and introduce spurious dynamics into the identification, which make the identified model order selection challenging. A similar effect is introduced by measurement noise. The use of model order reduction and model-matching methods in the identification process is studied to recover the harmonic decomposition structure of the known system. The identified models are validated in the frequency and time domains.
Thyroid Hormone Neuroprotection Against Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid Cholinergic and Glutamatergic Disruption and Neurodegeneration Induction
Authors: Moyano Paula , Guzmán Gabriela , Flores Andrea , García Jimena , Guerra-Menéndez Lucia , Sanjuan Javier , Plaza José Carlos , Abascal Luisa , Mateo Olga , Del Pino Javier
Published: October 2024

Background: Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), a widely used industrial chemical, was reported to induce memory and learning process dysfunction. Some studies tried to reveal the mechanisms that mediate these effects, but how they are produced is still unknown. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) maintain cognitive function and their selective neurodegeneration induces cognitive decline, as observed in Alzheimer’s disease. PFOS was reported to disrupt cholinergic and glutamatergic transmissions and thyroid hormone action, which regulate cognitive processes and maintain BFCN viability. Objective/Methods: To evaluate PFOS neurodegenerative effects on BFCN and the mechanisms that mediate them, SN56 cells (a neuroblastoma cholinergic cell line from the basal forebrain) were treated with PFOS (0.1 µM to 40 µM) with or without thyroxine (T3; 15 nM), MK-801 (20 µM) or acetylcholine (ACh; 10 µM). Results: In the present study, we found that PFOS treatment (1 or 14 days) decreased thyroid receptor α (TRα) activity by decreasing its protein levels and increased T3 metabolism through increased deiodinase 3 (D3) levels. Further, we observed that PFOS treatment disrupted cholinergic transmission by decreasing ACh content through decreased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and protein levels and through decreasing muscarinic receptor 1 (M1R) binding and protein levels. PFOS also disrupted glutamatergic transmission by decreasing glutamate content through increased glutaminase activity and protein levels and through decreasing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1); effects mediated through M1R disruption. All these effects were mediated through decreased T3 activity and T3 supplementation partially restored to the normal state. Conclusions: These findings may assist in understanding how PFOS induces neurodegeneration, and the mechanisms involved, especially in BFCN, to explain the process that could lead to cognitive dysfunction and provide new therapeutic tools to treat and prevent its neurotoxic effects.
Overexpression of miR-451a Aggravates Renal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Targeting KLF1-ACSL4 to Promote Ferroptosis
Authors: Yu Haitao , Gou Xin
Published: October 2024

Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a predominant factor leading to delayed graft function (DGF) following kidney transplantation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of renal IRI, with ferroptosis being a critical driving force throughout the process. In this study, we utilized bioinformatics methods to construct a network diagram of differentially expressed miRNAs, transcription factors (TFs), and ferroptosis-related genes. An I/R-induced renal injury model in mice and an in vitro H/R-induced HK-2 cell injury model were established. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were used to measure the mRNA and miRNA levels in cells and tissues. The MDA concentration, iron levels, and GSH concentration were measured to evaluate the ferroptosis levels. CCK-8 assays were performed to assess cell viability. Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to validate the downstream targets of miRNA, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to verify the interaction between TFs and mRNAs. Both the in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate that miR-451a was significantly enriched in the IRI renal tissues and cells, exacerbating ferroptosis. MiR-451a was found to reduce the expression of Kruppel-like factor 1 (KLF1) by directly binding to the 3′UTR of KLF1 mRNA. Additionally, KLF1 was identified as a negative transcription factor for acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). We demonstrated that IRI induced the upregulation of miR-451a, which reduced KLF1 expression, thereby promoting ferroptosis by upregulating ACSL4 expression, ultimately aggravating IRI-induced renal damage.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Older Patients: From New Biological Insights to Targeted Therapies
Authors: Niscola Pasquale , Gianfelici Valentina , Catalano Gianfranco , Giovannini Marco , Mazzone Carla , Noguera Nelida Ines , de Fabritiis Paolo
Published: October 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous blood-related neoplasm that predominantly afflicts older adults with a poor prognosis due to their physical condition and the presence of medical accompanying comorbidities, adverse biological disease features, and suitability for induction intensive chemotherapy and allogenic stem cells transplantation. Recent research into the molecular and biological factors contributing to disease development and progression has led to significant advancements in treatment approaches for older patients with AML. This review article discusses the latest biological and therapeutic developments that are transforming the management of AML in older adults.
Image Forensics in the Encrypted Domain
Authors: Yu Yongqiang , Lu Yuliang , Li Longlong , Chen Feng , Yan Xuehu
Published: October 2024

Encryption techniques used by forgers have thrown out a big possible challenge to forensics. Most traditional forensic tools will fail to detect the forged multimedia, which has been encrypted. Thus, image forensics in the encrypted domain (IFED) is significant. This paper presents the first introduction of IFED, encompassing its problem description, formal definition, and evaluation metrics. The focus then turns to the challenge of detecting copy–move alterations in the encrypted domain using the classic permutation encryption technique. To tackle this challenge, we introduce and develop a lightweight enhanced forensic network (LEFN) based on deep learning to facilitate automatic IFED. Extensive experiments and analyses were conducted to comprehensively validate the proposed scheme.
Investigation of a Gas-Pump-Driven Loop Heat Pipe
Authors: Rong Yangyiming , Su Weitao , Wang Shuai , Du Bowen , Mao Zujun , Zhang Shaozhi
Published: October 2024

A loop heat pipe (LHP) is an efficient method of conserving energy in data center cooling applications. In scenarios where the installation is constrained by height or distance limitations, pump driving is needed. This paper examines the performance changes induced by a gas pump both experimentally and theoretically. An adjustable, oil-free linear compressor is utilized as a gas pump. The evaporator is a finned-tube heat exchanger and the condenser is a water-cooled plate heat exchanger. When the filling ratio of the working fluid is insufficient, employing a gas pump can enhance the heat transfer performance. However, when the filling ratio of the working fluid is sufficient, while the gas pump can increase the flowrate of the working fluid, the heat transfer rate (HTR) does not change significantly. In fact, it may reduce the energy efficiency ratio of the heat pipe. Infrared thermography has proven to be an efficient tool for estimating the area ratio of different zones within the evaporator, which is crucial for the output regulation of the compressor. The area ratio of the two-phase zone is nearly linear to the HTR. Through the establishment of a physical model of a gas-pump-driven loop heat pipe (GPLHP), the impacts of the LHP size and gas pump operation on the heat transfer performance are analyzed. It is found that the gas pump can extend the application range of the LHP, although it has a minimal impact on the maximum HTR. How to select a gas pump for an LHP is discussed.
Multi-Index Drought Analysis in Choushui River Alluvial Fan, Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Youg-Sin , Lu Jiay-Rong , Yeh Hsin-Fu
Published: October 2024

In recent years, increasing drought events due to climate change have led to water scarcity issues in Taiwan, severely impacting the economy and ecosystems. Understanding drought is crucial. This study used Landsat 8 satellite imagery, rainfall, and temperature data to calculate four drought indices, including the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI), improved Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (iTVDI), Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI), and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), to investigate spatiotemporal drought variations in the Choushui River Alluvial Fan over the past decade. The findings revealed differences between TVDI and iTVDI in mountainous areas, with iTVDI showing higher accuracy based on soil moisture data. Correlation analysis indicated that drought severity increased with decreasing rainfall or vegetation. The study highlights the significant role of vegetation and precipitation in influencing drought conditions, providing valuable insights for water resource management.
Revealing the Potential Advantages of Plectasin Through In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Analysis
Authors: Li Qinwu , Zhu Baozhen , Li Fei , Ma Zhiyuan , Guo Long , Weng Xiuxiu
Published: October 2024

Plectasin, a novel antimicrobial peptide, has the potential to disrupt bacterial cell walls and alter the rumen fermentation mode, making it a superior alternative to antibiotics. However, there is limited research on the effects of plectasin on rumen microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of plectasin (0.057 μmol/L) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and select groups of rumen bacterial communities in comparison with monensin (5 μmol/L), one of the most commonly used ionophores in ruminants, and as a control treatment with the basal substrate. Unlike monensin, plectasin was found to increase the molar proportions of butyrate and acetate/propionate ratio (p < 0.001) while decreasing pH and the molar proportions of propionate (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons clearly showed a separation between the bacteria shaped by plectasin and monensin. Comparative analysis also revealed differences in the relative abundance of certain bacteria in different taxa between plectasin and monensin. The divergent effects of plectasin and monensin on bacterial communities are likely responsible for the differences in their ability to alter rumen fermentation. Plectasin may have advantages over monensin in modulating ruminal bacterial communities and increasing the butyrate and the acetate/propionate ratio. Therefore, it may be considered as a potential additive for ruminant feed.
Reducing Total Dissolved Gas and Gas Bubble Trauma in a Regulated River
Authors: Kusnierz Paul C.
Published: October 2024

When water is spilled over dams, atmospheric gases can become entrained, resulting in supersaturated water. Total dissolved gas (TDG) > 110% saturation can cause gas bubble trauma (GBT) in fish. The negative effects of GBT include increased buoyancy, decreased swimming performance, and possible mortality. The lower Clark Fork River (LCFR) in Idaho frequently has TDG > 110% saturation due to the spill at Cabinet Gorge Dam as well as from upstream facilities. Spillway crests on Cabinet Gorge Dam were modified to reduce TDG production and the potential harm from GBT. To evaluate the effectiveness of spillway crest modifications, relationships between river discharge and measured TDG were developed pre- and post-modification and used to calculate the predicted TDG in the LCFR pre- and post-modification under two spill season discharge scenarios. The predicted TDG for the scenarios was used with an established TDG-GBT relationship for the LCFR to estimate the expected GBT incidence. Generally, TDG was lower post-modification, and the discharge at which 110% and 120% saturation were exceeded increased by about 198 m3/s. Modification also reduced the number of days with elevated TDG. The lower TDG post-modification resulted in significant (p < 0.05) reductions in the probability of observing GBT. The modification of Cabinet Gorge Dam spillway crests reduced TDG production over a range of discharges and has resulted in improved conditions for fish downstream of the dam.
Optimisation of Retsina Wine Quality: Effects of Resin Concentration, Yeast Strain, and Oak Chip Type
Authors: Natskoulis Pantelis I. , Miliordos Dimitrios-Evangelos , Koutsouris Apostolos N. , Tarantilis Petros A. , Pappas Christos S. , Kallithraka Stamatina , Kotseridis Yorgos , Metafa Maria
Published: October 2024

Retsina, Greece’s most renowned traditional wine, has been produced for millennia, with archaeological and historical evidence supporting its legacy. It is legally defined as wine made exclusively in Greece using grape must infused with Aleppo pine resin (Pinus halepensis). This study examines the effects of varying resin concentrations (0.5 g/L and 1 g/L), two commercial yeast strains, and medium-toast oak (Nadalié Cooperage, Ludon-Médoc, France) American and French, on Retsina’s chemical and sensory properties to optimise its production. Wine samples from the Savatiano grape variety were analysed for classical wine parameters, oxidation stability, volatile compounds, organic acids, phenolic profiles, and sensory attributes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that yeast strain selection significantly influences chemical composition, with Zymaflore X5 associated with higher organic acid levels. Oak addition altered phenolic profiles, with American oak increasing ellagic acid, while non-oaked wines showed higher syringic and p-coumaric acids. Resin addition elevated alpha-pinene, a key marker of resin aroma, but reduced esters linked to fruity and floral notes. These findings highlight the complex interactions between resin, yeast, and oak, offering insights for enhancing Retsina’s quality while preserving its traditional character.