bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children’s Perceptions of Pain in Conjunction With Tooth Extraction – A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Berlin Henrik , Hallberg Ulrika , Ridell Karin , Toft Danijela , Klingberg Gunilla
Published: June 2021

Background: Children frequently experience pain/discomfort during dental treatment. At the same time there seems to be uncertainty among dentists regarding pain management. Pain research in dentistry has mainly been performed in adults using quantitative methods. Meanwhile, qualitative methods as well as the child’s perspective are scarce. This study aims to explore and describe children’s experiences/thoughts regarding pain in conjunction with tooth extraction and the subsequent postoperative period, using grounded theory (GT). Methods: Qualitative interviews were carried out with twelve 10—16-year-olds. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed in open, as well as focused (selective) coding processes according to GT. Three informants were re-interviewed for verification purpose. Results: A core category was identified and named ‘handling the unavoidable unknown’. Instead of focusing on pain, the informants described an urge for more information about the procedure and what to expect in terms of pain/discomfort, during and/or after treatment. They stated that the levels of pain/discomfort were manageable, while the lack of information negatively affected their coping abilities, causing anxiousness. Conclusions: To improve patients’ ability to deal with pain in conjunction with dental extraction, the dental team should ensure better information about the treatment. Thus, the use of psychological techniques is a cornerstone in pain management and must be reflected in clinical guidelines.Trial registration: This study’s protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04064853), August 22, 2019, available at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04064853?term=berlin&cntry=SE&draw=2&rank=1
Gene Correlation Network Analysis To Identify Regulatory Factors In Sciatic Nerve Injury
Authors: Li Liuxun , Du Xiaokang , Ling Haiqian , Li Yuhang , Wu Xuemin , Jin Anmin , Yang Meiling
Published: June 2021

Background: Sciatic nerve injury (SNI), which frequently occurs under the traumatic hip and hip fracture dislocation, induces serious complications such as motor and sensory loss, muscle atrophy, or even disabling. The present work aimed to determine the regulating factors and gene network related to the SNI pathology.Methods: Sciatic nerve injury dataset GSE18803 with 24 samples was randomly divided into adult group and neonate group. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify modules associated with SNI in the two groups. Moreover, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined from every group, separately. Subsequently, co-expression network, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were integrated to identify hub genes and associated pathways. GSE30165 was used as the test set for investigating the hub gene involvement within SNI. Finally, we employed DGIdb for predicting the possible therapeutic agents leading to the abnormal up-regulation of hub genes.Results: 14 SNI status modules and 97 DEGs were identified in adult group, while 15 modules and 21 DEGs in neonate group. A total of 12 hub genes was overlapping from co-expression and PPI network. After the results from both test and training sets were overlapped, we verified that the ten real hub genes showed remarkably up-regulation within SNI. According to functional enrichment of DEGs, the above genes participated in the immune effector process, inflammatory responses, the antigen processing and presentation, and the phagocytosis. GSEA also supported that gene sets with the highest significance was mostly related to the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.Conclusions: The gene expression network is determined in the present work based on the related regulating factors within SNI, which sheds more lights on SNI pathology and offers the possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets in subsequent research.
Multilevel of Factors Affected Optimal Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Viral Suppression Amongst HIV-infected Prisoners in South Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fuge Terefe Gone , Tsourtos George , Miller Emma R
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesMaintaining optimal adherence and viral suppression in people living with HIV (PLWHA) is essential to ensure both preventative and therapeutic benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Prisoners bear a particularly high burden of HIV infection and are highly likely to transmit to others during and after incarceration. However, the level of treatment adherence and viral suppression in incarcerated populations in low-income countries is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of non-adherence and viral failure, and contributing factors amongst prisoners in South Ethiopia. MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted between June 1, 2019 and May 31, 2020 to compare the level of adherence and viral suppression between incarcerated and non-incarcerated PLWHA. The study involved 74 inmates living with HIV (ILWHA) and 296 non-incarcerated PLWHA. Background information (including sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioural, and incarceration related characteristics) was collected using a structured questionnaire. Adherence was determined based on the participants’ self-report and pharmacy refill records. Plasma viral load measurements undertaken within the study period were prospectively extracted to determine viral suppression. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to analyse data. ResultsWhile prisoners had a significantly higher pharmacy refill adherence compared to non-incarcerated PLWHA (89% vs 75%), they had a slightly lower dose adherence (81% vs 83%). The prevalence of viral failure (VF) was also slightly higher (6%) in ILWHA compared to non-incarcerated PLWHA (4.4%). The overall dose non-adherence (NA) was significantly associated with missing ART appointments, level of satisfaction with ART services, patient’s ability to comply with a specified medication schedule and types of methods used to monitor the schedule. In ILWHA specifically, accessing ART services from a hospital compared to a health centre, an inability to always attend clinic appointments, experience of depression and a lack of social support predicted NA. VF was significantly higher in males, people of age 31to 35 years and in those who experienced social stigma, regardless of their incarceration status. ConclusionsThis study revealed that HIV-infected prisoners in South Ethiopia were more likely to be non-adherent to ART doses and to develop viral failure compared to their non-incarcerated counterparts. A multitude of factors were found to be responsible for this requiring multilevel intervention strategies focusing on the specific needs of prisoners.
Analysis of Strength and Modal Characteristics of a Full Tubular Pump Impeller Based on Fluid-Structure Interaction
Authors: Shi Lijian , Zhu Jun , Wang Li , Chu Shiji , Tang FangPing , Jiang Yuhang , Xu Tian , Yu Jie
Published: June 2021

FSI(Fluid-Structure Interaction) is used to perform the the structural mechanical characteristics on the full tubular and the axial-flow pumps. The results show that as the flow rate increases, the total deformation and equivalent stress are significantly reduced. The MTD(max total deformation) and the MES(max equivalent stress) of the full tubular pump impeller appear at the outer edge of the blade. There are two stress concentrations in the full tubular pump impeller, in which one is located in the outlet area of the rim, and the other is located in the outlet area of the hub. However, the MES of the axial-flow pump appears at the center of the blade hub. The performance difference between the full tubular pump and the axial-flow pump is mainly caused by the clearance backflow. The natural frequency of the full tubular pump is lower than that of the axial-flow pump according to the modal results. The MES of the full tubular pump is mainly concentrated at the junction of the blade and the motor rotor, and the max thickness of the rim is 6mm, which is more prone to cracks, seriously affecting the safety and stability of the pump.
Contrasting Responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Families to Simulated Climate Warming and Drying in A Semiarid Shrubland
Authors: ALGUACIL Maria Mar , Schlaeppi Klaus , López-García Álvaro , Heijden Marcel van der , Querejeta José Ignacio
Published: June 2021

We carried out a 4-year manipulative field experiment in a semiarid shrubland in Southeastern Spain to assess the impacts of experimental warming (W), rainfall reduction (RR) and their combination (W+RR) on the composition and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities in rhizosphere soil using singlemolecule real-time (SMRT) DNA sequencing. Across climate treatments, we encountered 109 AMF OTUs that were assigned to four families: Glomeraceae (93.94%), Gigasporaceae (2.19%), Claroideoglomeraceae (1.95%) and Diversisporaceae (1.92%). The AMF community composition and diversity indices at OTU level were unaffected by the climate manipulation treatments, except for a significant decrease in AMF richness in the W treatment relative to the control. In contrast, AMF family richness decreased significantly in all the climate manipulation treatments relative to the control treatment. Members of the Gigasporaceae and Diversisporaceae families appeared to be highly vulnerable to intensification of heat and drought stress, as their abundances decreased by 67% and 77% respectively, in the W+RR treatment relative to current ambient conditions. In contrast, the relative abundance and dominance of the Glomeraceae family within the AMF community increased significantly under the W+RR treatment, with Glomeraceae being indicator family for the W+RR treatment. The interaction between warming and rainfall reduction had a significant effect on AMF community structure at family level. These findings provide new insights into AM fungal community responses to climate warming and drying in dryland ecosystems.
Robotic Assisted MRI-US Fusion Guided Target Saturation Biopsy of the Prostate – Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Implications
Authors: Wetterauer Christian , Trotsenko Pawel , Matthias Marc , Breit Christian , Keller Nicola , Meyer Anja , Brantner Philipp , Vlajnic Tatjana , Bubendorf Lukas , Winkel David , Kwiatkowski Maciej , Seifert Helge
Published: June 2021

MRI-targeted prostate biopsy improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa). However, up to 70% of PCa lesions display intralesional tumor heterogeneity. Current target sampling strategies do not yet adequately account for this finding. This prospective study included 118 patients who underwent transperineal robotic assisted biopsy of the prostate. We identified a total of 58 PCa-positive PI-RADS lesions. We compared diagnostic accuracy of a target-saturation biopsy strategy to accuracy of single, two, or three randomly selected targeted biopsies and analysed potential clinical implications. Intralesional detection of clinically significant cancer (ISUP ≥ 2) was 78.3% for target-saturation biopsy and 39.1%, 52.2%, and 67.4% for one, two, and three targeted cores, respectively. Target-saturation biopsies led to a more accurate characterization of PCa in terms of Gleason score and reduced rates of missed cancer. Compared to one, two, and three targeted biopsies, target-saturation biopsies led to intensified staging procedures in 21.7%, 10.9, and 8.7% of patients, and ultimately to a potential change in therapy in 39.1%, 26.1%, and 10.9% of patients. This work presents the concept of robotic-assisted target saturation biopsy. This technique has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and thus individual staging procedures and treatment decisions.
Influence of Coexisting Chronic Kidney Disease and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Changes in FGF23 and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System
Authors: Okamoto Kohei , Fujii Hideki , Goto Shunsuke , Watanabe Kentaro , Kono Keiji , Nishi Shinichi
Published: June 2021

Serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and their association with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been reported. However, whether the FGF23 elevation is the cause or result of LVH remains unclear. At 10 weeks, male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: Sham, CKD (5/6 nephrectomy), LVH (transaortic constriction), and CKD/LVH group. At 16 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and blood and urine, cardiac expressions of FGF23 and RAAS-related factors, and cardiac histological analyses were performed. Heart weight, serum FGF23 levels, and cardiac expression of FGF23 and RAAS-related factors, except for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, more increased in the CKD/LVH group compared to the other groups. A significant correlation between LVH and cardiac expressions of FGF23 and RAAS-related factors was observed. Furthermore, there was a significantly close correlation of the cardiac expression of FGF23 with LVH and RAAS-related factors. The coexisting CKD and LVH increased serum and cardiac FGF23 and RAAS-related factors, and there was a significant correlation between them. A close correlation of cardiac, but not serum FGF23, with LVH and RAAS suggested that local FGF23 may be associated with LVH and the RAAS activation.
MiR-155-5p Suppress SOX1 to Promote the Proliferation of Cholangiocarcinoma via RAF/MEK/ERK Pathway
Authors: Wang Da , Xiong Fei , Wu Guanhua , Liu Wenzheng , Wang Bing , Chen Yong-jun
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAccumulating evidences indicate that SOX1 is closely related to tumorigenesis and development, upregulation of SOX1 is recently reported to suppress growth of human cancers. However, the expression and role of SOX1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remain unknown.MethodsThe expression levels of SOX1 in CCA tissues and normal bile duct tissues were examined by public GEO database, and western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the expression again. Cell proliferation assay (CCK-8) and colony formation assay were performed to determine proliferation of CCA cells. A model of transplatable subcutaneously tumors in mouse was used to evaluated proliferation of CCA in vivo. The putative regulating factor of SOX1 were disclosed by Targetscan and a dual-luciferase reporter assay.ResultsSOX1 was downregulated in CCA tissues. Overexpression of SOX1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, miR-155-5p directly targets 3’UTR of SOX1 and inhibits expression of SOX1, resulting in the activation of RAF, MEK and ERK phosphorylation and thus CCA proliferation. However, when SOX1 expression was restored in miR-155-5p overexpressing cell lines, the phosphorylation level of RAF, MEK and ERK were decreased, as well as the proliferation of CCA cells.ConclusionMiR-155-5p could bind to the 3’UTR of SOX1 to decrease the expression of SOX1, and further activated the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway to promote CCA progression.
Conservation of Latin America freshwater biodiversity:
beyond political borders
Authors: Kuemmerlen Mathias , Batista-Morales Angélica María , Bruder Andreas , Turak Eren , Roque Fabio de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

Latin America’s tremendous socio-cultural and biological diversity has evolved along tightly intertwined, far-reaching river networks. Decisions taken by any one country, may have strong impacts on the regional and even global biodiversity conservation agenda, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity. Here we propose and illustrate four perspectives that complement the actions suggested by Azevedo-Santos et al. (2021) to contribute to the effective conservation of freshwater biodiversity in Latin America, particularly in the context of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, currently under negotiation among the parties. Our suggestions put forward cross-border perspectives, urging governments to engage in actions, objectives, monitoring elements and post-2020 indicators that consider the reality of and threats to transnational ecosystems such as many river basins of Latin America.
Global distribution of mcr gene variants in 214,095 metagenomic samples
Authors: Martiny Hannah-Marie , Munk Patrick , Brinch Christian , Szarvas Judit , Aarestrup Frank , Petersen Thomas
Published: June 2021

Since the initial discovery of a mobilized colistin resistance gene (mcr-1), several other variants have been reported, some of which might have circulated a while before being discovered. Metagenomic data provides an opportunity to re-analyze available older data to understand the evolutionary history of recently discovered antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Here, we present a large-scale metagenomic study of 442 Tbp of sequencing reads from 214,095 samples to identify the host and geographical distribution and genomic context of nine mcr gene variants (mcr-1 to mcr-9). Our results show that the dissemination of each variant is not uniform. Instead, the source and location play a role in the spread. Despite the very diverse distribution, the genomic background of the mcr genes remains unchanged as the same mobile genetic elements and plasmid replicons occur. This work emphasizes the importance of sharing genomic data for surveillance of ARGs in our fight against antimicrobial resistance.
Anemia in Patients with Takayasu’s Arteritis and its Correlation with Disease Activity
Authors: Guo Yanqiu , Du Juan , Li Taotao , Zheng Keyang , Gao Na , Pan Lili
Published: June 2021

Background Anemia is a common clinical condition in autoimmune disease, but there are few related studies in Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK). The purpose of this study is to detect clinical characteristics of anemia patients with TAK and to explore the relationship between the hemoglobin level and the disease activity in TAK. Methods This retrospective study included 160 cases of hospitalized patients with TAK and 110 cases of age-and sex-matched healthy people. According to the hemoglobin level, 160 TAK patients were divided into two groups with and without anemia, the immune indexes were compared between the two groups. 28 patients with anemia in TAK were followed up and the changes of immune indexes before and after treatment were compared.Results Hemoglobin in TAK patients is significantly lower than that of healthy control group. Among the 160 cases of TAK, 67 cases of anemia are mild to moderate anemia, and most of which are normocytic anemia. In anemia patients with TAK, women was more common (P=0.014), age at admission was more younger (P=0.002), the disease duration was shorter (P=0.017). The levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, P=0.000), C-reactive protein (CRP, P=0.000), interleukin-6 (IL-6, P=0.036) and disease activity scores (NIH P=0.000, ITASA P=0.001, ITAS2010 P=0.030) were significantly higher in anemia patients with TAK. The risk of anemia in TAK patients with elevated CRP was 2.35 times than that of TAK patients without elevated CRP (OR = 2.350, 95% CI 1.055-5.234, P = 0.037). After followed up for 3-6 months, hemoglobin levels increased significantly (P=0.001), ESR (P=0.000), CRP (P=0.039) and disease activity scores (NIH P=0.001, ITASA P=0.000, ITAS2010 P=0.000) decreased significantly through effective treatment without iron supplementation, and the changes of hemoglobin after treatment were negatively correlated with the changes of ESR (P=0.046) and CRP (P=0.002).Conclusion Anemia patients with TAK were more common in young women, and the disease activity was higher. Anemia can be significantly improved without iron supplementation through effective treatment to reduce disease activity of TAK.
Hourly-resolution Analysis of a Mussel Shell: Influence of Normal Tide and the Great Tsunami
Authors: Sano Yuji , Okumura Tomoyo , Murakami-Sugihara Naoko , Tanaka Kentaro , Kagoshima Takanori , Ishida Akizumi , Hori Masako , Snyder Glen , Takahata Naoto , Shirai Kotaro
Published: June 2021

We report here hourly variations of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios in a Mediterranean mussel shell (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected at the Otsuchi bay, on the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan. This bivalve was living in the intertidal zone, where such organisms are known to form a daily or bidaily growth line comprised of abundant organic matter. Mg/Ca ratios of the inner surface of the outer shell layer, corresponding to the most recent date, show cyclic changes at 25-90 mm intervals, while no valuable variations are observed in Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios. High Mg/Ca ratios were probably established when the bivalve was located at low tide with a reduced supply of Ca from seawater. Immediately following the great tsunami induced by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, Mg/Ca enrichment occurred, up to 10 times that of normal low tide, while apparent Ba/Ca enrichment was observed for only a few days following the event, implementing a proxy of the past tsunami. Following the tsunami, periodic peaks and troughs in Mg/Ca continued, perhaps due to a biological memory effect as an endogenous clock.
Binding Interaction of a Ring-hydroxylating Dioxygenase with Fluoranthene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa DN1
Authors: Xue Shu-Wen , Tian Yue-Xin , Pan Jin-Cheng , Liu Ya-Ni , Ma Yanling
Published: June 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa DN1 can efficiently utilize fluoranthene as its sole carbon source, and the first step in the biodegradation process is catalyzed by a ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase (RHD). To better understand the binding interaction of RHD with fluoranthene in the strain DN1, the genes encoding alpha subunit (RS30940) and beta subunit (RS05115) of the RHD were functionally characterized using gene knockout approach and homology modeling combined with molecular docking. The results showed that the mutants lacking the characteristic alpha subunit and/or beta subunit failed to degrade fluoranthene effectively. Based on the translated protein sequence and Ramachandran plot, 96.5 % of the primary amino-acid sequences of the alpha subunit in the modeled structure of the RHD were in the permitted region, 2.3 % in the allowed region, but 1.2 % in the disallowed area. The active center of the alpha subunit constituted a triangle structure of the mononuclear iron atom and the two oxygen atoms coupled with a catalytic ternary of His217-His222-Asp372 for the dihydroxylation reaction with fluoranthene. Amino acid residues adjacent to fluoranthene were nonpolar groups, and the C7-C8 positions on the fluoranthene ring were estimated to be the best oxidation sites. The distance of C7-O and C8-O was 3.77 Å and 3.04Å respectively, and both of them were parallel. The results demonstrated that the dihydroxylation reaction was initiated at C7-C8 positions of the fluoranthene ring by RHD in P. aeruginosa DN1, indicating that the binding interaction may be useful for predicting substrate conversion of RHDs.
Distance between the center of the foveal avascular zone measured automatically and the highest foveal bulge using OCT angiography
Authors: Shoji Takuhei , Ishii Hirokazu , Kanno Junji , Sasaki Takanori , Yoshikawa Yuji , Ibuki Hisashi , Shinoda Kei
Published: June 2021

The center of the fovea, termed the foveola, is the area of highest visual acuity, has the highest density of cone photoreceptors, and is the center of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). We investigated the distance between the automatically-determined center of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and the manually-determined highest foveal bulge (FB) point using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). This cross-sectional study included 49 eyes of 49 individuals (34 women and 15 men; median age: 68 years) with no history of ocular disorders. The FAZ in the superficial capillary plexus was automatically determined using the Kanno-Saitama Macro method, and the center of the FAZ was automatically determined using ellipse approximation. The foveal center was manually identified as the highest FB point on B-scan OCTA images. The center of the FAZ was more likely to be located inferior to the highest FB point. In participants with a combined distance of more than 50 µm between the center of the FAZ and the highest FB point, the displacement was significantly more in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction (p = 0.017). These results can be applicable to further studies regarding the spatial relationships between the center of the FAZ and the highest FB point in various macular diseases or previously-treated eyes.
The Quality of life among adult Sudanese patients with epilepsy
Authors: Siddig Amira , Ahmed Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Epilepsy is the most common serious brain disorder worldwide, the impact of it on quality of life can be substantial with far-reaching and life-long consequences despite all this very few studies have been carried out on the QOL in epilepsy. Objectives: To investigate the quality of life in adult Sudanese patients with epilepsy attending Daoud charity clinic June to July 2018.Methodology: Thirty six adult Sudanese patients with epilepsy were included in the study, a multi item questionnaire graded scale and check list to explore the demographic characteristics were used to assess the impact of epilepsy on QOL. Respondents were adults aged at least 18 years old with a diagnosis of epilepsy for more than 3 months the unpaired t-test or one way analysis of variances was used to compare means of QOL scores between groups. Results: Out of 360 patients 190 were males and 170 were females, the mean of age was 34.81.The most frequent type of epilepsy according to the ILAE classification was the generalized tonic clonic (78.4% of patients) .40.5% of patients had < 1 seizure per month during last year while 40.5% had more than 1 seizure per month and 16.2% were free of seizure during last year. The mean total score QOLIE-31 of this study was 43.97_+ 4.78 .Sex, age and marital state did not affect QOL scores. The study showed that type of seizure and duration of epilepsy did appear to be predictive of HRQOL .Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have a considerable impact on quality of life and contribute to treatment failure in up to 40% of patients Conclusion: The decrease in overall score of quality of life in adult Sudanese patients is multifactorial.
WITHDRAWN: Novel Double Slit and Cross-Double Slit Experiments--- Interference Patterns Depending on Orientation of Diaphragm
Authors: Peng Hui
Published: June 2021

Young’s double slit experiments represent the mystery of quantum mechanics. To explore the mystery, in this article, we report experimental results that show novel phenomena that the interference patterns of the double slit and cross-double slit experiments depend on the orientation of the diaphragms. Those experiments provide comprehensive data for developing/testing a theoretical model.
Serological and immunochemical characteristics of Ge-negative red cells and anti-Ge
Authors: Reid M. E.
Published: June 2021

Gerbich-negative red cells lack β and γ sialoglycoproteins (SGPs), which are now known to carry the Gerbich (Ge) antigens. Gerbich and Yus-type Ge-negative red cells possess distinct diffuse SGPs that migrate on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a position between those normally occupied by β and γ SGPs. Both these SGPs lack Ge2 antigens and possess epitopes recognized by monoclonal anti-β. These SGPs differ from each other in at least two ways. The SGP associated with the Gerbich type also lacks the Ge3 antigen and is resistant to trypsin treatment. The SGP associated with the Yus type possesses the antigenic determinant recognized by anti-Ge3 and is sensitive to trypsin digestion.
Challenges in Managing a Fractured Cement-retained Crown Located at the Aesthetic Zone: A Case Report
Authors: Yeoh Oon Take , Ngeow Wei Cheong
Published: June 2021

Implant prosthesis is a popular treatment modality but it is not complication free. This article discussed the management of a cemented, all-ceramic implant crown in the maxillary anterior region that had veneering ceramic fracture after three years in function. A screw-retained prosthesis was prescribed to avoid the show of the screw access channel on the incisal edge of the crown. This was achieved by changing the location of the screw hole using the angle screw channel that overcame the angulation issue.
Competencias digitales docentes: Una experiencia en el nivel Universitario
Authors: Sánchez Ambriz Mercedes Leticia , Fabián Acevedo Lidia , Melgoza Mendoza Dulce María
Published: June 2021

La emergencia sanitaria que se vive actualmente en el mundo, no sólo evidenció la dificultad para acceder y usar tecnologías, sino la poca familiaridad de los docentes con ésta. La presente investigación expone el nivel de competencias del uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) de los docentes de  cuatro centros de nivel universitario de México.
ÇOCUK EVLERİNDE ÇALIŞAN BAKIM ELEMANLARININ MESLEKİ YETERLİLİKLERİNİN ÇOCUK EĞİTİMİ VE BAKIMI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ACAR Burak , SEMERCİ Melike , YAMAN Ömer Miraç
Published: June 2021

Çocukların sorumlu, iş birliğine yatkın, fiziksel ve duygusal olarak gelişmiş yapıcı ve üretici bireyler olarak yetişebilmesi bakım veren ile kurulan sağlıklı bir ilişkiyle mümkündür. Bu çalışmada çocuk evlerinde görevli bakım elemanlarının bakım verdikleri çocuklara yönelik mesleki yeterliliklerinin çocuğun sağlıklı gelişimi açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında toplam 20 bakım elemanı ile görüşülmüş ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile derinlemesine mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda; katılımcıların çoğunluğunun çocuklara karşı sevgi temelli bir yaklaşımda bulundukları ve çocuk eğitiminde temel bilgi ve becerilere sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Bunun yanında bakım elemanlarının çocuklarla kurdukları ilişkide duygusal bağlılıklarının yoğun olduğu ve çocukların da kendilerine daha fazla duygusal bağlılık geliştirmelerine izin verdikleri belirlenmiştir. Çocuklara sundukları disiplin ve sınır uygulamalarında ise “öznel” bir yaklaşımın var olduğu ve sınırların her bir katılımcıya göre değişkenlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak kurum bakımında kalan çocukların travma mağduru oldukları ve birincil bakımı sağlamakla sorumlu olan ebeveynlerinden mahrum kaldıkları da düşünüldüğünde ikincil bakımı üstlenen bakım elemanları çocukların yaşamlarında çok önemli bir yere sahip olmaktadır. Bu sebepledir ki çocuklara daha nitelikli hizmet sunulabilmesi ve çocukların daha iyi bir gelişim gösterebilmesi için bakım elemanlarının görev ve sorumlulukları ile ilgili iyileştirici ve niteliği arttırıcı uygulamaların artırılması büyük önem arz etmektedir.
ANNE BABALARIN EBEVEYN DAVRANIŞLARININ VE EVLİLİK DOYUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KAYA Ayşe Gül , BUĞA Ahmet
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı anne babaların ebeveyn davranışları ile evlilik doyumları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışmaya çocuğu ilkokul öğrencisi olan 400 ebeveyn katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Ebeveyn Davranışları Ölçeği ve Evlilik Doyum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ANOVA, t testi ve Basit Doğrusal Korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda anne babaların ebeveyn davranışlarının cinsiyete, eğitim düzeyine ve evlilik tarzına göre anlamlı olarak farklılaştığı; ebeveyn davranışlarının yaş, eşler arasındaki yaş farkı ve evlilik süresi değişkenine göre anlamlı olarak farklılaşmadığı bulunmuştur. Yine evlilik doyumu ile cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi ve evlilik tarzının anlamlı olarak farklılaştığı; yaş, eşler arasındaki yaş farkı ve evlilik süresinin anlamlı olarak farklılaşmadığı bulunmuştur. Ebeveyn davranışları ve evlilik doyumu arasındaki ilişkiye bakılacak olursa, evlilik doyumu arttıkça çocukla ilgilenme ve olumlu ebeveynlik davranışları artmaktadır. Evlilik doyumu azaldıkça zayıf ebeveyn takibi, tutarsız disiplin ve dayakla cezalandırma davranışlarının arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ebeveyn davranışlarının evlilik doyumu ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir.
A transformação da educação como exigência para a mão de obra na indústria 4.0
Authors: Silva Sabrina Luisa Santos da , Rangel Leocádio Ana Paula , Venanzi Délvio
Published: June 2021

Com o cenário em que o mercado mundial se encontra atualmente, frente às novas exigências da Quarta Revolução Industrial - Indústria 4.0, a qual dispõe de uma tecnologia avançada, surge também a necessidade de inovação na mão de obra para a qualificação do profissional, a fim, de que as empresas possam atender a essas demandas e manter-se competitivas no mercado. Com base nesse contexto, o presente artigo estuda quais serão as novas exigências do perfil profissional, mostrando que deverão ser feitas mudanças drásticas na educação do país, e em como a inserção da Educação 4.0 e o ensino das novas tecnologias na educação base e nas universidades será o ponto chave para o desenvolvimento tecnológico do país, para que o Brasil possa competir com o mercado mundial. Foi feita uma pesquisa com instituições de Ensino Fundamental, Médio e Superior, além da pesquisa bibliográfica em relação à Indústria 4.0 com foco na educação, para demonstrar como deverá ser o papel da educação no tocante às mudanças no ensino para que essa mão de obra seja competitiva no mercado.
Whey Isolation from Rejected Human Milk and Its Lipid Content Characterization by GC-FID and ESI-MS
Authors: Alves Eloize , Castro Matheus , Saqueti Bruno , Manin Luciana , da Silveira Roberta , Souza Patrícia , Santos Oscar , Visentainer Jesuí
Published: June 2021

The present work intends to obtain and characterize a milk by-product: the human whey (HW), in order to avoid the excessive disposal of human milk (HM). The characterization was performed through analyzes of the chemical composition and fatty acids (FAs) and the triacylglycerol (TAG) lipid profile. The results indicated that the chemical composition altered significantly after the HW obtained, except for the percentage of ash and carbohydrates. About the FA composition, it was observed that strictly essential FA, essential FA and other FAs found in HM remained present in HW. For the nutritional lipids quality, the atherogenicity and the thrombogenicity indices presented desirable values, and the TAGs lipid profile revealed a variation in the analyzed samples. Therefore, it can be concluded that the characterized HW has potential for application in isolated form or to be used as an ingredient in other foods.
Resistencia al impacto de dos acrílicos convencionales y dos de alto impacto para prótesis total
Authors: Flores Calao Juan Fernando , Suarez Fajardo Ingrid Giovana , Cruz Gonzalez Alberto carlos
Published: June 2021

Introducción y objetivo: las resinas acrílicas son los materiales idóneos para la elaboración prótesis totales, sin embargo, las caídas o golpes los hace susceptibles de fracturas. Conocer las propiedades y limitaciones de los acrílicos en nuestro entorno, nos permite realizar tratamientos con los mejores materiales. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la resistencia al impacto de dos acrílicos convencionales y dos de alto impacto para bases protésicas. Materiales y métodos: se realizaron 40 barras en cera para base para ser enmufladas de acuerdo con especificaciones de cuatro marcas de acrílicos (n=10), Lucitone199®, Masterdent acrylic resin, Veracril alto impacto® y convencional. La resistencia impacto se evaluó mediante la prueba de Charpy (Máquina ITC-XJU-22), con masa de péndulo de 0.237 Kg y fuerza de impacto de 1J. se realizó análisis estadístico por ANOVA a una vía y prueba de tukey. Resultados: los valores de resistencia al impacto fueron 16.5, 10.8, 9.3 y 5.9 KJ/m2 para Lucitone199®, Veracril alto impacto®, Veracril convencional® y Masterdent acrylic resin. Conclusiones: con las limitaciones de esta investigación, los acrílicos de alto impacto se pueden considerar como una alternativa más viable para la elaboración de prótesis totales ante los acrílicos convencionales, en busca de disminuir el riesgo de fracturas por accidentes o cargas repentinas de impacto.
EL CONSUMIDOR CON VULNERABILIDAD AGRAVADA COMO CATEGORÍA JURÍDICA Y SU RECEPCIÓN EN EL ORDENAMIENTO JURÍDICO CHILEN
Authors:   Universidad San Sebastián, Calahorrano Latorre Edison
Published: June 2021

Se desarrolla la categoría de consumidor con vulnerabilidad agravada y su reconocimiento en Chile. Mediante un estudio dogmático y jurisprudencial se analiza el carácter tutelar del Derecho del Consumo; luego, la categoría de consumidor con vulnerabilidad agravada; se verifica su reconocimiento; y, finalmente se explican los mecanismos de protección reforzada.
EL “PROCEDIMIENTO CONTENCIOSO DE CONSULTA” ANTE EL TRIBUNAL DE DEFENSA DE LA LIBRE COMPETENCIA
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vega Gómez Felipe
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo trata sobre el procedimiento de consulta llevado a cabo ante el Tribunal de Defensa de la Libre Competencia chileno, que se prevé como un procedimiento no contencioso para conocer si determinados hechos, actos o contratos existentes o por celebrarse, pueden afectar la libre competencia. Sin embargo, como este tipo de procedimiento no sólo puede ser promovido a solicitud de quienes sean parte en dichos hechos, actos o contratos, sino que, además, por terceros con un interés legítimo en ellos, resulta cuestionable el carácter no contencioso frente a esta última hipótesis. Como se mostrará, es posible distinguir un “procedimiento contencioso de consulta” respecto del cual necesariamente se deben aplicar, y en toda su amplitud, las garantías del contradictorio que rigen en todo procedimiento contencioso.
Interfering with the Reactive Cysteine Proteome in COVID-19
Authors: Martinez-Banaclocha Marcos
Published: June 2021

:

Although vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been initiated, effective
therapies for severe COVID-19 disease are still needed. A promising therapeutic strategy is
using FDA-approved drugs that have the biological potential to interfere with or modify
some of the viral proteins capable of changing the disease's course. Recent studies highlight
that some clinically safe drugs can suppress the viral life cycle while potentially promoting
an adequate host inflammatory/immune response by interfering with the disease's cysteine
proteome.
Molecular Targets of Cannabinoids Associated with Depression
Authors: Paudel Pradeep , Ross Samir , Li Xing-Cong
Published: June 2021

:

Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to address depression, a major neurological
disorder affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Cannabinoids and their synthetic
derivatives have demonstrated numerous neurological activities and may have the potential to
be developed into new treatments for depression. This review highlights cannabinoid (CB)
receptors, monoamine oxidase (MAO), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, gammaaminobutyric
acid (GABA) receptor, and cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor as key molecular
targets of cannabinoids that are associated with depression. The anti-depressant activity of
cannabinoids and their binding modes with cannabinoid receptors are discussed, providing
insights into rational design and discovery of new cannabinoids or cannabimimetic agents
with improved druggable properties.
Withdrawal Notice: Graphene based Anode Nanomaterials for Microbial Fuel Cells: A Review
Authors: Chen Yuan , Zhao Zhiwei , Li Boai , Weng Zhengjin , Fang Yong , Lei Wei , Zhu Zhuoya , Jiang Helong
Published: June 2021

The article has been withdrawn by the publishers because the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to approve the final version of the manuscript.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause.

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Nitric Oxide Synthase Potentiates the Resistance of Cancer Cell Lines to Anticancer Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Barnawi Ibrahim , Hawsawi Yousef M. , Dash Philip , Oyouni Atif Abdulwahab A. , Mustafa Syed Khalid , Hussien Nahed A. , Al-Amer Osama , Alomar Suliman , Mansour Lamjed
Published: June 2021

Background:

Despite the advancement in the fields of medical science and molecular biology, cancer is
still the leading cause of death worldwide. Chemotherapy is a choice for treatment; however, the acquisition of chemoresistance
is a major impediment for cancer management. Many mechanisms have been postulated regarding the acquisition
of chemo-resistance in breast cancer and the impact on cellular signalling and the induction of apoptosis in tumour
cells. The mechanism of the apoptotic mutation ofp53 and bcl-2 proteins is commonly associated with increased
resistance to apoptosis and, therein, to chemotherapy.

Objectives:

The current study was aimed to investigate A172 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells’sensitivity against chemotherapeutic
drugs, including cisplatin, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel with different doses. Moreover, it estimates resistance
of cancer cells by evaluating Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) expression and evaluate its correlation with the expression
profile proteins of the apoptosis regulating Bcl-2 family.

Methods:

Dose-dependent sensitivity to cisplatin, doxorubicin or paclitaxel was evaluated on spheroid cultured A172
and MDA-MB-231 cells lines, was measured by time-lapse microscopy over a 72h period. Expressions of two Nitric
Oxide (NO) synthases isoforms (iNOS, eNOS), anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2, phospho-Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and Bcl-xL) and proapoptotic
(BID, Bim, Bok, Bad, Puma, and Bax) were evaluated by Western blot. The effect of NO modulation on antiand
pro-apoptotic molecule expression was also studied using Western blot.

Result:

A172 cells show more resistance to chemotherapy drugs than MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, therefore, they need
higher doses for apoptosis. Resistance of gliomas might be returned to higher significant expression of endothelial
eNOS expression. It was clear that there is not a significant effect of NO modulation on the expression of pro- andantiapoptotic
proteins on both cell lines.

Conclusion:

The present work provides a putative mechanism for the acquisition of drug resistance in breast cancer
and glioma, which might be significant for clinical outcomes.
Investigation of Substitution Reactions Between Zinc(II) Complexes with Different Geometries and N-Bonding Nucleophiles
Authors: Soldatović Tanja , Selimović Enisa
Published: June 2021

Aims:

The study aimed at investigating interactions between zinc(II) complexes with different
geometrical structures and relevant nitrogen donor nucleophiles at physiological pH.

Background:

Lack of clear distinction between the therapeutic and toxic doses of platinum drugs is
a major challenge for the design of novel non-platinum DNA and protein targeting metal-based anticancer
agents. The non-platinum antitumor complexes could be alternatives to platinum-based
drugs due to their better characteristics and different mechanisms of action.

Objective:

This study could provide more information regarding the design of future zinc-based anticancer
drugs, providing a better understanding of the mechanism of interactions between Zn(II) complexes
and nitrogen-donor nucleophiles (important from the medical point of view), and clarifying the
changes in geometrical structures of zinc(II) that are referred to structure-reactivity correlations.

Methods:

Mole-ratio method and UV-V is spectroscopic kinetic method have been used.

Results:

The results indicated additional coordination of chlorides in the first coordination sphere
with changes in coordination geometry and formation of the octahedral complex anion [ZnCl4(en)]2-
while the excess of chloride did not affect the square-pyramidal structure of [ZnCl2(terpy)]. The
substitutions of studied complexes and relevant nucleophiles proceeded in two consecutive reaction
steps that depended on the nucleophile concentration. Octahedral complex anion [ZnCl4(en)]2- forms
rapidly and all substitution processes of this complex species should be considered. We assume that
the first reaction step is accompanied by the dissociation of chloride ligands. Nucleophile 1,2,4-
triazoles have shown the highest affinity toward [ZnCl2(en)], and rates of both steps were almost of
the same value, indicating parallel reactions.

Conclusion:

The different order of reactivity of relevant N-donor ligands toward [ZnCl2(en)] and
[ZnCl2(terpy)] complexes for the first reaction step occurred because of the influence of different
geometrical structures of complexes, while low reaction rates for the second reactions of
[ZnCl2(en)] complex with imidazole and pyrazine were a consequence of interconversion between
octahedral and tetrahedral structure during substitution processes.
Ambient Air Quality, Pollutant Behavior, and Distribution Pattern in Rabigh City Using an Air Dispersion Model
Authors: Othman Aljahdali Mohammed
Published: June 2021

The rise in industrial development and modern technology is one of the major causes of atmospheric pollution, which negatively affects human health. In this study, meteorological conditions and atmospheric pollution dispersion in Rabigh city and its catchments were analyzed using measured data and an air quality dispersion model. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model was used to simulate the dispersion of atmospheric pollutants. A dataset from 2018 was analyzed to clarify the seasonal distributions of atmospheric pollutant concentrations in Rabigh and other areas (Thuwal and Khulais). A significant variation in atmospheric pollutants was recorded across the seasons, which may be caused by changes in meteorological conditions. Variations in other anthropogenic sources related to high population density or heavy traffic in the nearby road may also be involved in these fluctuations. Predictions indicated that pollutants would impact the Thuwal area (>50 μg m−3) and Khulais (>35 μg m−3) during the winter season and affect Thuwal (>20 μg m−3) and Rabigh (>20 μg m−3) during the fall season. The concentrations of pollutants were mostly negatively correlated with wind speed, except for carbon monoxide. We established variations in the seasonal concentration of pollutants and the effect of meteorological conditions on atmospheric pollutants for the year 2018 in the study area. Policymakers and stakeholders must provide solutions to mitigate the environmental effect of atmospheric pollution in Rabigh city, Thuwal, and Khulais for the health of inhabitants.