bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrosion behavior of X65 steel in CO2-saturated oil/water environment of gathering and transportation pipeline
Authors: Cheng Yuanpeng , Bai Yu , Tang Shanfa , Zheng Dukui , Li Zili , Liu JianGuo
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the corrosion behavior of X65 steel in the CO2-saturated oil/water environment using mass loss method, potentiodynamic polarization technique and characterization of the corroded surface techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

The weight loss analysis, electrochemical study and surface investigation were carried out on X65 steel that had been immersed in the CO2/oil/water corrosive medium to understand the corrosion behavior of gathering and transportation pipeline steel. The weight loss tests were carried out in a 3 L autoclave, and effects of water cut and temperature on the CO2 corrosion rate of X65 steel were studied. Electrochemical studies were carried out in a three-electrode electrochemical cell with the test temperature was 60°C, and the CO2 partial pressure was 1 atm by recording open circuit potential/time and potentiodynamic polarization characteristics. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of corrosion product scales were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The phases of corrosion product scales were investigated using x-ray diffraction.

Findings

The results showed that due to the wetting and adsorption of crude oil, the corrosion morphology of X65 steel changed under different water cuts. When the water cut of crude oil was 40-50 per cent, uniform corrosion occurred on the steel surface, accompanied by local pitting. While the water cut was 70-80 per cent, the resulting corrosion product scales were thick, loose and partial shedding caused platform corrosion. When the water cut was 90 per cent, the damaged area of platform corrosion was enlarged. Crude oil can hinder the corrosion scales from being dissolved by the corrosive medium, and change dimension and accumulation pattern of the crystal grain, thickness and structure of the corrosion scales. Under the corrosion inhibition effect of crude oil, the temperature sensitive point of X65 steel corrosion process moved to low temperature, appeared at about 50°C, lower corrosion rate interval was broadened and the corrosion resistance of X65 steel was enhanced.

Originality/value

The results can be helpful in selecting the applicable corrosion inhibitors and targeted anti-corrosion measures for CO2-saturated oil/water corrosive environment.
Effect of aluminum Tripolyphosphate on pitting initiation on carbon steel in chloride contaminated concrete pore solution
Authors: Lu Xiangyu , Zhang Leyuan , Feng Xingguo , Chen D. , Zuo Yu
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Aluminum tripolyphosphate was used as a corrosion inhibitor in a simulated concrete pore solution. For studies of the inhibition mechanism of aluminum tripolyphosphate on the carbon steel, its influence on the pitting initiation on the carbon steel in a Cl−containing pore solution were investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

Potentiodynamic polarization curves, Mott–Schottky plots and potentiostatic polarization of the carbon steel in the pore solution with different content of aluminum tripolyphosphate were measured, as well as the optical micrographs of pitting on the carbon steel was observed.

Findings

The metastable pitting potential and the stable pitting potential increased, while the donor density and the flat band potential decreased with the concentration of aluminum tripolyphosphate in solution. Furthermore, the initiation of pitting was suppressed, as well as the transition from metastable to stable pitting was hindered by the aluminum tripolyphosphate. The scale parameter (a), in the extreme distribution of the maximum current peak, could be used to predict the transition from metastable to stable pitting.

Originality/value

The inhibition mechanism of aluminum tripolyphosphate on carbon steel in pore solution was revealed. It suppresses the initiation of pitting and hinders the transition from metastable to stable pitting. Furthermore, a parameter defined as the scale parameter (a) in the extreme distribution of the maximum current peak was introduced to predict the transition from metastable to stable pitting.
Prospective study using archetypes and system dynamics
Authors: Vera Patricio , Nikulin Christopher , Lopez-Campos Monica , Gonzalez Ramirez Rosa Guadalupe G.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a combination of forecasting methods that enables a holistic understanding of a future situation, given certain influencing variables by a combination of real data and expert knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposal combines two well-known methods: first, system archetypes that correspond to generic structures, allowing us to handle model management issues, and second, system dynamics that offers technical support on a computational level to assess different scenarios or problem solutions.

Findings

The case study considers the situation of the mining industry in Chile and its related variables, including four different scenarios. Based on the proposed methodology, the results indicate that: first, the price of copper is paramount for the industry and its effects are not limited to company profits; second, a long period of downfall in copper prices could halt exploration and development projects.

Research limitations/implications

Systemic archetypes are still a subject of research and their application in different fields of knowledge continues to increase to improve this simulation approach.

Practical implications

The case study illustrates the combination of a Vester matrix and initial system archetype models that are enriched using the system dynamics approach. Indeed, the case study aims to understand the consequences of different scenarios based on the problem-driven approach provided by Vester.

Social implications

The goal of prospective studies of large-scale and complex situations is to model the real situation to obtain solutions that may enhance social welfare.

Originality/value

The proposed methodology contributes to the existing literature by integrating techniques such as the Vester matrix, system archetype modelling and system dynamics simulation, all of which were proposed previously in the literature as independent techniques.
The impact of workplace spirituality on work-based learners
Authors: Foster Scott , Foster Anna
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the emerging spirituality debate with the aim of generating and sustaining tolerance for spirituality in the workplace, with a specific focus upon the impact this can have upon work-based learners. “Spirituality” is gaining impetus worldwide as a growing number of organisations are proactively accommodating their multi-ethnic and multi-faith workforce by adapting their policies to meet employees’ spiritual needs. As yet in the UK, the majority of organisations fail to recognise neither the basic spiritual well-being of their employees nor the impact this can have upon work-based learning processes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a quantitative approach with questionnaires distributed to a multi-national retail UK-based organisation with an ethnically diverse national workforce. The study was tested by collecting data from managers and employees of this large, multi-million pound retail chain organisation in the UK, consisting of 55 stores and 1,249 employees, in order to gather employees’ perceptions on spirituality within their place of work regarding policies, communication and perceived source of conflict.

Findings

The results revealed that the majority of employees deemed spirituality was not something they felt comfortable discussing or appropriate to practice within the workplace and there were no clear policies and procedures in place to support either management or employees.

Research limitations/implications

This paper highlights areas for further research in the broad professional areas of spirituality in relation to organisational approaches to work-based learning. The research is from one organisation and utilising one method – qualitative research would add depth to the knowledge.

Practical implications

This paper highlights areas for further research in the broad professional areas of spirituality in relation to organisational approaches to work-based learning.

Originality/value

Employee spiritual well-being is under-researched and overlooked by organisations. Changing the current spiritual intransigence is long overdue as employees’ spiritual fulfilment leads to high-trust relationships in the workplace and can further support those engaged in work-based learning.
Talent management in a Swedish public hospital
Authors: Tyskbo Daniel
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of how talent management (TM) unfolds in practice in a public organization.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory single case study was conducted of a Swedish public hospital, based on interviews, observations and documents.

Findings

The findings illustrate that despite a highly egalitarian and collectivist context, the hospital adopted an exclusive approach to TM, and a talent was not considered or identified through formal performance appraisals, but through informal criteria. The rationale behind this approach is influenced by the surrounding context, including the implementation of an innovative and strategically important practice, and the highly professionalized context.

Research limitations/implications

The study offered a rich view of how TM unfolds in practice, which may not always be possible using large sample, survey studies; however, it limited the generalizability.

Practical implications

The study points to important issues when designing TM.

Originality/value

The paper addresses two main shortcomings in the TM literature: the under-researched context of public organizations and the lack of contextual awareness. The empirically driven analysis constitutes an important step for further theory development regarding exclusive/inclusive approaches in TM.
Burden of atopic dermatitis in Asia
Authors: Tsai Tsen‐Fang , Rajagopalan Murlidhar , Chu Chia‐Yu , Encarnacion Lonabel , Gerber Robert A. , Santos‐Estrella Paul , Llamado Lyndon John Q. , Tallman Anna M.
Published: August 2019

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense pruritus and eczematous lesions. It is considered one of the most common chronic conditions, with an estimated global prevalence of nearly 230 million. As in the rest of the world, prevalence of atopic dermatitis has been increasing in Asian countries over the last few decades. This increased prevalence in Asian countries has been attributed to factors such as rapid urbanization, increasingly Westernized lifestyles, and improved standards of living and education. As a result, it is important to understand the increasing burden of disease in Asian countries and the differences between the countries in terms of epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, management, quality of life and economic burden.
Green Formulation of Triglyceride/Phospholipid‐Based Nanocarriers as a Novel Vehicle for Oral Coenzyme Q10 Delivery
Authors: Alavi Sonia , Akhlaghi Sarah , Dadashzadeh Simin , Haeri Azadeh
Published: August 2019

This study was aimed to develop a novel nanocarrier for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) by a green process that prevented the use of surfactants and organic solvents. Triglyceride/phospholipid‐based nanocarriers were developed through high‐pressure homogenization (an industrial feasible process), and a 25‐1 fractional factorial design was adopted to assess the influences of formulation variables on the considered responses, including vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, and solubility of the vehicles in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. The optimized formulation was further in‐depth characterized in terms of morphology, release behavior, biocompatibility (Caco‐2 cell cytotoxicity and histological examination), thermal behavior, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Optimal nanocarriers were found to have mean particle size of 75 nm, narrow particle distribution, and CoQ10 entrapment of 95%. The optimized formulation was stable upon incubation in simulated gastrointestinal fluids without considerable leakage of cargo, which was in agreement with their sustained release behavior. Microscopic observations also confirmed nanosized nature of the vesicles and revealed their spherical shape. Moreover, toxicity evaluations at the cellular and tissue levels revealed their nontoxic nature. In conclusion, triglyceride/phospholipid‐based nanocarriers proved to be a green safe vehicle for delivery of CoQ10 with industrial‐scale production capability and could provide a new horizon for delivery of hydrophobic nutraceuticals.

Practical application

Green nanostructure formulation approaches have recently gained tremendous attraction for their safe profile especially when it comes to supplements, which are generally recommended for daily use. However, their sufficient association with cargoes and industrial‐scale production have remained considerable challenges. This study focuses on the development of lipid‐based nanocarriers for CoQ10 by an industrial feasible process that prevents the use of any surfactants or organic solvents.
Seed germination and seedling establishment of an invasive tropical tree species under different climate change scenarios
Authors: Tietze Hedwig Selma Eugenia , Joshi Jasmin , Pugnaire Francisco Ignacio , de Sá Dechoum Michele
Published: August 2019

Increasing air temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels may affect the distribution of invasive species. Whereas there is wide knowledge on the effect of global change on temperate species, responses of tropical invasive species to these two global change drivers are largely unknown. We conducted a greenhouse experiment on Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae), an invasive tree species on Brazilian coastal areas, to evaluate the effects of increased air temperature and CO2 concentration on seed germination and seedling growth on the island of Santa Catarina (Florianópolis, Brazil). Seeds of the invasive tree were subjected to two temperature levels (ambient and +1.6 °C) and two CO2 levels (ambient and ~650 ppmv) with a factorial design. Increased temperature enhanced germination rate and shortened germination time of T. catappa seeds. It also increased plant height, number of leaves and above‐ground biomass. By contrast, increased atmospheric CO2 concentration had no significant effects, and the interaction between temperature and CO2 concentration did not affect any of the measured traits. Terminalia catappa adapts to a relatively broad range of environmental conditions, being able to tolerate cooler temperatures in its invasive range. As T. catappa is native to tropical areas, global warming might favour its establishment along the coast of subtropical South America, while increased CO2 levels seem not to have significant effects on seed germination or seedling growth.
Radiotherapy for metastatic spinal cord compression; can the Rades score predict survival?
Authors: Kerstens Peter , Yi Ma , James Melissa
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) can be debilitating and painful and carries a poor prognosis. There is increasing evidence that MSCC can be treated with single‐fraction radiotherapy. The Rades score is designed to assist in identifying better prognosis patients who may benefit from longer radiotherapy courses. This study aims to study patterns of care for MSCC at a single center in New Zealand, and assess the Rades score and other variables as predictors of survival.

Methods

An audit of patients receiving palliative radiotherapy for MSCC at a single center over a 5‐ year period (2010‐2014) was performed. Independent variables and the Rades score were gathered for each patient for statistical analysis to investigate associations between potential prognostic factors, treatments and survival.

Results

A total of 83 patients underwent analysis. Median overall survival was 14 weeks. Twenty Gray in five fractions (20 Gy/5) was the most frequently delivered radiotherapy course (89%). The simplified Rades score effectively stratified patients with Group 3 patients having significantly better survival with 40% surviving to 6 months compared to Group 1 and 2. Cancer type, receiving chemotherapy and receiving surgery were also significantly associated with survival.

Conclusion

Overall survival at our centre is consistent with other published series. The Rades score is valid for predicting more prolonged survival in our population and could be used in selecting patients for longer radiotherapy courses.
Cancer in Pregnancy
Authors: Eastwood‐Wilshere Naomi , Turner Jessica , Oliveira Niara , Morton Adam
Published: August 2019

Cancer in pregnancy may be increasing in incidence with advancing maternal age and higher rates of obesity. The diagnosis of cancer in pregnancy provokes complex management issues balancing short‐ and long‐term risks for both mother and baby. Every case needs to be individualized, with a multidisciplinary team of midwives, obstetricians, oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, and neonatologists assisting the family to make informed decisions regarding the best treatment course for the mother and baby. The present article reviews the evidence regarding the safety of diagnostic imaging, procedures and treatment modalities for cancer for the pregnant woman and fetus. The efficacy of novel anticancer therapies highlight the need for International Registries to accumulate safety data for these agents in pregnancy as expeditiously as possible.
Comparative study of preterm infants fed new and existing human milk fortifiers showed favourable markers of gastrointestinal status
Authors: Rigo Jacques , Hascoët Jean‐Michel , Picaud Jean-Charles , Mosca Fabio , Rubio Amandine , Saliba Elie , Radkë Michaël , Simeoni Umberto , Guillois Bernard , Hays Nicholas P. , Hartweg Mickaël , Billeaud Claude , Spalinger Johannes
Published: August 2019

Aim

This study examined the influence of different human milk fortifiers on biomarkers of gastrointestinal immaturity and inflammation in preterm infants.

Methods

We report secondary outcomes from a controlled, double‐blind, randomised, parallel group study conducted from 2011 to 2014 in neonatal intensive care units at 11 metropolitan hospitals in France, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. Preterm infants born at up to 32 weeks or weighing up to 1500 g were randomised to a new powdered human milk fortifier (n = 77) or a control fortifier (n = 76) for a minimum of 21 days. We analysed faecal markers of gut inflammation, namely alpha‐1 antitrypsin and calprotectin, and maturity, namely elastase‐1.

Results

Faecal alpha‐1 antitrypsin was slightly lower in the new than control fortifier group after 21 days of full enteral feeding, with a geometric mean and standard deviation of 1.52 ± 1.32 vs 1.82 ± 1.44 mg/g stools (P = .01). There was no significant difference in faecal calprotectin (median [Q1‐Q3] of 296 [136‐565] μg/g stools in both groups combined at study day 21). Faecal elastase‐1 was lower in the new fortifier than control fortifier group (202.5 ± 1.6 vs 257.7 ± 1.5 μg/g stools, P = .016).

Conclusion

Mean values for each parameter were within the ranges in healthy term infants, indicating favourable markers of gastrointestinal status in both groups. In addition, for faecal calprotectin, the relatively high concentration observed in preterm infants fed fortified human milk suggests that the threshold level for detecting necrotising enterocolitis should be revised.
Why spouses depress each other: A cross‐national study to test the shared resource hypothesis in depressive symptom concordance within older adult couples
Authors: Lu Peiyi , Shelley Mack
Published: August 2019

The shared resource hypothesis suggests that married couples share the same environmental resources, which shape their health concordance. This study tests its cross‐national applicability. Cross‐sectional 2012–2013 Health and Retirement Study data from China, England, Mexico, and the United States were analyzed. Heterosexual couples (age ≥60) who were married or partnered were studied (N = 20,565 pairs). Dyadic data were analyzed by multilevel models to examine the effect of self and spousal social and physical health statuses on depressive symptoms. Regression models were used to test the relationship between couples' shared resources and depressive symptom concordance. Results indicated both husbands and wives' depressive symptoms were associated with their own and spouses' social and health statuses. Most couple‐level resources were insignificant predictors for Chinese and Mexican couples' concordance, but having more social and financial resources was associated with higher concordance among British and American couples. Self‐reported health was the most consistent predictor in all countries. The shared resource hypothesis was more applicable to depressive symptom concordance within couples in the United States and England, but not in China and Mexico. Couple‐centered intervention is suggested for clinical practice, and the spousal effect should be considered in policymaking.
Influence of perceived emotion and gender on social motor coordination
Authors: Zhao Zhong , Salesse Robin N. , Qu Xingda , Marin Ludovic , Gueugnon Mathieu , Bardy Benoît G.
Published: August 2019

Theorists have long postulated that facial properties such as emotion and sex are potent social stimuli that influence how individuals act. Yet extant scientific findings were mainly derived from investigations on the prompt motor response upon the presentation of affective stimuli, which were mostly delivered by means of pictures, videos, or text. A theoretical question remains unaddressed concerning how the perception of emotion and sex would modulate the dynamics of a continuous coordinated behaviour. Conceived in the framework of dynamical approach to interpersonal motor coordination, the present study aimed to address this question by adopting the coupled‐oscillators paradigm. Twenty‐one participants performed in‐phase and anti‐phase coordination with two avatars (male and female) displaying three emotional expressions (neutral, happy, and angry) at different frequencies (100% and 150% of the participant's preferred frequency) by executing horizontal rhythmic left‐right oscillatory movements. Time to initiate movement (TIM), mean relative phase error (MnRP), and standard deviation of relative phase (SDRP) were calculated as indices of reaction time, deviation from the intended pattern of coordination, and coordination stability, respectively. Results showed that in anti‐phase condition at 150% frequency, MnRP was lower with the angry and the female avatar. In addition, coordination was found to be more stable with the male avatar than the female one when both displaying neutral emotion. But the happy female avatar was found to elicit more stable coordination than the neutral female avatar. These results implied that individuals are more relaxed to coordinate with the female than the male, and the sensorimotor system becomes more flexible to coordinate with an angry person. It is also suggested social roles influence how people coordinate, and individuals attend more to interact with a happy female. In sum, the present study evidenced that social perception is embodied in the interactive behaviour during social interaction.
Clinical relevance of molecular subgrouping of gliomatosis cerebri per 2016 WHO classification: a clinicopathological study of 89 cases
Authors: Kwon Mi Jung , Kang So Young , Cho Haeyon , Lee Jung Il , Kim Sung Tae , Suh Yeon‐Lim
Published: August 2019

The extremely invasive phenotypes and genotypes related to progression of gliomatosis cerebri (GC) remain unclear although GC has been removed as an independent entity from the 2016 WHO classification. Hence, categorization of GC under the current WHO molecular classification is essential, and the molecular subgroups that might contribute to GC progression should be compared with the histopathological differences between initial and new lesions identified during follow‐up. Analyses of IDH1/2 and TERTp mutations and 1p/19q co‐deletion, and immunohistochemistry of IDH1‐R132H, ATRX, p53 and galectin‐3 were performed. Anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH‐wildtype (AA‐IDHwt) was the common molecular subgroup (52.8%), followed by diffuse astrocytoma, IDH‐wildtype (DA‐IDHwt) and AA, IDH‐mutant (AA‐IDHmt) (each 16.9%), DA‐IDHmt (7.9%), glioblastoma (GBM)‐IDHwt (3.3%) and GBM‐IDHmt (2.2%). Approximately 92% of the AA‐IDHwt lesions progressed to histologically confirmed GBM in the newly enhanced lesions harboring the TERTp mutation and expressing galectin‐3. Similar to primary GBMs, GC‐related GBMs that progressed from the IDHwt subgroups showed microvascular proliferation, palisading necrosis or thrombotic occlusion, implying that a subset of IDHwt subgroups may evolve to overt GBM. Molecular subgrouping did not provide the perfect prediction for the survival of GC patients. The AA‐IDHwt group showed worse overall and progression‐free survival (PFS) than the AA‐IDHmt group. Biopsy plus radiotherapy, chemotherapy and temozolomide treatment for DA‐IDHwt, and resection plus radiotherapy and temozolomide treatment for AA‐IDHwt prolonged PFS. In conclusions, majority of GC was of the AA‐IDHwt subgroup, which progressed to GBM. Molecular subgroups may assist in the selection of treatment modalities, because “GC pattern” still remains as a special growth of gliomas in WHO 2016 classification without established treatment guideline.
Edmonton,Amiskwaciy Wâskahikan, and a Papaschase suburb for settlers
Authors: Shields Rob , Moran Kieran , Gillespie Dianne
Published: August 2019

The Papaschase Indian Reservation outside Edmonton, Alberta was established as part of Treaty 6 in 1877, but annulled in 1888. A significant portion of the land was later assembled in Canada's first land bank and sold at below‐market prices to create “Mill Woods,” an idealistic vision for a planned mixed‐use suburb. Settler Colonial Theory is introduced to explore the history of the Papaschase Cree and the Reservation. This testifies to the process of dispossession, settler colonial occupation, and respatialization of the Canadian landscape. Canadian suburbia is not placeless. Methods for examining such “erased spaces” and layers of previous occupation are discussed. Canadian urban historical geography and suburban research have not sufficiently examined settler colonial dispossession. This is an opportunity for geographers to contribute to Canadian reconciliation between Settler and Indigenous cultures.
Osteopontin attenuates early brain injury through regulating autophagy‐apoptosis interaction after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
Authors: Sun Cheng‐Mei , Enkhjargal Budbazar , Reis Cesar , Zhou Ke‐Ren , Xie Zhi‐Yi , Wu Ling‐Yun , Zhang Tong‐Yu , Zhu Qi‐Quan , Tang Ji‐Ping , Jiang Xiao‐Dan , Zhang John H.
Published: August 2019

Aim

To determine the effect of osteopontin (OPN) on autophagy and autophagy‐apoptosis interactions after SAH.

Methods

The endovascular perforation model of SAH or sham surgery was performed in a total of 86 Sprague‐Dawley male rats. The temporal expressions of endogenous OPN and autophagy‐related proteins (Beclin 1, ATG5, LC3 II to I ratio) were measured in sham and SAH rats at different time points (3, 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours). Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, SAH + Vehicle (PBS, phosphate‐buffered saline), and SAH + rOPN (5 μg/rat recombinant OPN). Neurobehavioral tests were performed 24 hours after SAH, followed by the collection of brain samples for assessment of autophagy and apoptosis proteins. These tests assessed whether an autophagy‐apoptosis relationship existed on the histological level in the brain.

Results

Endogenous OPN and autophagy‐related proteins all increased after SAH. rOPN administration improved neurological dysfunction, increased the expression of autophagy‐related proteins (Beclin 1, ATG5, LC3 II to I ratio) and antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2, while decreasing the expression of proapoptotic proteins (cleaved Caspase‐3 and Bax). rOPN also regulated autophagy‐apoptosis interactions 24 hours after SAH.

Conclusion

rOPN attenuates early brain injury and inhibits neuronal apoptosis by activating autophagy and regulating autophagy‐apoptosis interactions.
DO MOVIE PRODUCTION INCENTIVES GENERATE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT?
Authors: Bradbury John Charles
Published: August 2019

Movie production incentives (MPIs) are a popular economic development strategy employed by U.S. states. Film subsidies are intended to encourage external investment into a nascent industry that spills over onto complementary industries to generate economic growth through a multiplier. Despite their widespread use, the positive impact of MPIs on state economies has not been documented, and several states have halted their MPI programs due to high costs and questionable efficacy. This study exploits the staggered implementation, suspension, and elimination of film incentive programs across states to estimate the macroeconomic impact of MPIs. Instrumental variable estimates that permit causal inference do not support the hypothesized positive impacts of film incentives on state economies. (JEL H25, H71, L82, R11, R38, Z11, Z18)
Predictive factors for COPD exacerbations and mortality in patients with overlap syndrome
Authors: Jaoude Philippe , El‐Solh Ali A.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)—overlap syndrome—have a substantially greater risk of morbidity and mortality, compared to those with either COPD or OSA alone.

Objectives

The aim of this retrospective study was to identify clinical modifiable factors associated with COPD exacerbations and all‐cause mortality in patients with overlap syndrome.

Methods

The electronic records of patients with simultaneous COPD and OSA who had a documented acute exacerbation of COPD during a 42‐month period were evaluated for reviewed. A control group of overlap syndrome patients without exacerbations was matched 1:1 for age and body mass index. Vital status and cause of death were assessed through the population death registry.

Results

Out of 225 eligible cases, 92 patients had at least one episode of COPD exacerbation. There was no significant association between severity of airflow limitation and apnoea hypopnea index (P = .31). After adjusting for confounding variables, patients who had at least one COPD exacerbation were more likely to be active smokers (P = .01), have poorer lung function (P = .001) and less likely to adhere to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use (P = .03). All‐cause mortality was also correlated with low forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P = .006), CPAP use (P = .007), and burden of comorbidities (P < .001).

Conclusion

Lung function and CPAP use were independent predictors of COPD exacerbations and all‐cause mortality in a cohort of patients with overlap syndrome. These factors should be taken into account when considering the management and prognosis of these patients.
Effect of Repeated Intravenous Amantadine Infusions in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: An Open‐Label Pilot Study
Authors: Khlebtovsky Alexander , Steiner Israel , Treves Therese , Djaldetti Ruth
Published: August 2019

Amantadine is an antiviral drug available in oral and intravenous forms. Oral amantadine is used to treat the motor symptoms of early Parkinson's disease (PD) and to ameliorate dyskinesia in late‐stage disease. However, the long‐term influence of intravenous amantadine on motor symptoms and dyskinesias in PD has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the long‐term effect of repeated boosts of intravenous amantadine in patients with PD with and without response fluctuations and dyskinesias. Twelve patients diagnosed with PD, six with levodopa intolerance or insufficient response to antiparkinson medications, and six with response fluctuations and dyskinesias, were treated with intravenous amantadine for 6 months: three sequential infusions over 3 days in the first month followed by five once‐monthly infusions. Changes in motor function and involuntary movements were evaluated with the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS; dyskinesia group). A significant immediate improvement in motor scores was documented in both groups after amantadine infusion. However, the difference in mean UPDRS motor score from before the first infusion to after 6 months of treatment was not statistically significant. In patients with dyskinesias, there was a significant improvement in AIMS scores between the first and the last visits (6.3 ± 2.7 vs. 1.6 ± 1.3; P = 0.014). In conclusion, continuous treatment with intravenous amantadine can be useful in patients with PD for immediate relief of motor symptoms and in patients with dyskinesias for progressive reduction of involuntary movements.
Rund‐ oder Flachstrickversorgung in der Erhaltungstherapie beim Beinlymphödem? – Übersicht von Literatur und technischen Daten
Authors: Reich‐Schupke Stefanie , Stücker Markus
Published: August 2019

Bisher gibt es keine Studien, die einen Vergleich von Rund‐ und Flachstrickversorgung in der Erhaltungstherapie bei Patienten mit Beinödemen vorgenommen haben. Entsprechend Expertenkonsens wird in der Literatur eine Flachstrickversorgung in der Erhaltungstherapie von Lymphödemen empfohlen. In Zusammenschau der Unterschiedlichkeit des klinischen Bildes eines Lymphödems in den verschiedenen Stadien und Lokalisationen, der Adhärenz der Patienten und nicht zuletzt auch der Wirtschaftlichkeit ist jedoch fraglich, ob tatsächlich alle Patienten mit einem Beinlymphödem eine Flachstrickversorgung brauchen.

Unter Berücksichtigung technischer Aspekte, der aktuellen Literatur sowie eigener klinischer Erfahrungen scheint es sinnvoll, nicht eine diagnose‐ sondern befundorientierte Versorgung vorzunehmen. Erhebliche Umfangsdifferenzen im Beinverlauf, tiefe Hautfalten und Ödeme an den Zehen bzw. dem Vorfuß sind typische Indikationen für eine Versorgung mit Flachstrickmaterial. Es gibt jedoch auch Lymphödem‐Patienten, die auch mit einer Rundstrickversorgung mit hoher Materialfestigkeit gut versorgt sind. Essenziell ist jedoch in allen Fällen eine initiale suffiziente Entstauungstherapie mit Kompressionsverbänden und/oder adaptiven Kompressionssystemen.
Expert opinions in dermatology
Authors: Elsner Peter
Published: August 2019

Apart from their medical responsibilities relating to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of skin diseases, dermatologists may also be asked to provide expert medical opinions. In their role as medical experts, dermatologists provide their services not only to public institutions and courts but also to private clients. Expert dermatological opinions involve the application of medical knowledge and experience to an individual case as regards a specific legal question. The dermatological expert thus becomes an “assistant” to administrative and public agencies or courts. In addition to providing the required expert knowledge, the expert must maintain strict neutrality and avoid any bias.

Expert opinions play a significant role in the field of occupational dermatology. In this context, it is important to make a distinction between scientific expert opinions – commissioned to determine whether the criteria for an occupational skin disease are met or to assess the degree of reduction in earning capacity – and the much more common “small expert opinions” relating to disease prevention (“dermatologist's procedure”). Moreover, expert medical opinions have become increasingly important with respect to medical malpractice issues, both in court proceedings and for investigations conducted by State Medical Chambers.

For quality assurance of expert dermatological opinions, theWorking Group for Occupational and Environmental Dermatologyin particular offers certification courses. The same group also provides guidelines for expert opinions in occupational dermatology (Bamberg Recommendations).
For such a time: A declaration of inter‐religious commitment
Authors: Kvam Kristen E.
Published: August 2019

A short review of the ELCA declaration of inter‐religious commitment and its value in the current 21st century context.
The biological basis of the experience and categorization of colour
Authors: Zeki Semir , Javier Alexandre , Mylonas Dimitris
Published: August 2019

We used the Land Colour Mondrian experiments in a Bayesian context to test the degree to which subjects vary in categorizing the colour of different patches, when each patch is made to reflect light of the identical wavelength‐energy composition. The brain uses a ratio‐taking mechanism to determine the ratio of light of every waveband reflected from a surface and from its surrounds. Our (Bayesian) hypothesis was that this ratio‐taking mechanism is similar in all humans and therefore leads to a constant categorization of colours that differs little between them. The similarly categorized colours are the initial priors, with initial hues attached to them. Twenty subjects of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds, for all but one of whom English was not the primary language, viewed eight patches of different colour in two Mondrian displays; each patch, when viewed, was made to reflect identical ratios of long‐, middle‐ and short‐wave light. Subjects were asked to match the colour of the viewed patch with that of the Munsell chip coming closest in colour to that of the viewed patch, without using language. In terms of hue, there was less variability in matching warm hues than cool ones. In terms of colour categorization, there was little variability overall. We take the lack of significant variability between subjects in the matches made as a pointer to similar computational mechanisms being employed in different subjects to perceive colours, thus permitting them to assume that their categorization of colours has universal agreement and assent.
Biomass encounter rates limit the size scaling of feeding interactions
Authors: Barrios‐O’Neill Daniel , Kelly Ruth , Emmerson Mark C.
Published: August 2019

The rate that consumers encounter resources in space necessarily limits the strength of feeding interactions that shape ecosystems. To explore the link between encounters and feeding, we first compiled the largest available dataset of interactions in the marine benthos by extracting data from published studies and generating new data. These data indicate that the size‐scaling of feeding interactions varies among consumer groups using different strategies (passive or active) to encounter different resource types (mobile or static), with filter feeders exhibiting the weakest feeding interactions. Next, we used these data to develop an agent‐based model of resource biomass encounter rates, underpinned by consumer encounter strategy and resource biomass density. Our model demonstrates that passive strategies for encountering small, dispersed resources limits biomass encounter rates, necessarily limiting the strength of feeding interactions. Our model is based on generalisable assumptions, providing a framework to assess encounter‐based drivers of consumption and coexistence across systems.
Serum neurofilament light chain at time of diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor of survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Thouvenot E. , Demattei C. , Lehmann S. , Maceski‐Maleska A. , Hirtz C. , Juntas‐Morales R. , Pageot N. , Esselin F. , Alphandéry S. , Vincent T. , Camu W.
Published: August 2019

Background and purpose

The prognostic value of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), a biomarker of neurodegeneration, compared to other prognostic factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the time of diagnosis, remains unclear.

Methods

Sera from ALS patients were prospectively collected at the first diagnostic visit in our centre. sNfL levels were determined by single molecule array in 207 ALS patients and in 21 healthy controls. The prognostic value of sNfL was compared with that of other known clinical prognostic factors using a Cox regression model and multivariate analysis.

Results

Serum neurofilament light chain levels were higher in ALS patients than in controls (P < 0.0001). Seven parameters were predictive of death in ALS: older age, bulbar onset, higher ALS Functional Rating Scale revised (ALSFRS‐R) score, greater weight loss, lower maximal inspiratory pressure, forced vital capacity and higher sNfL levels. A Cox regression model showed that sNfL (P < 0.0001), weight loss (P = 0.040) and site at onset (P = 0.048) were independent predictive factors of death. In a sub‐cohort restricted to 139 patients with complete spirometry data, sNfL level (P < 0.005) and forced vital capacity (P = 0.022) were independent factors predictive of death. In a subgroup of 142 patients in whom ALSFRS‐R score was available at several time points, sNfL levels positively correlated with ALSFRS‐R rate of decline (r = 0.571, P < 10−12).

Conclusions

Higher sNfL concentration is a strong and independent prognostic factor of death in ALS as early as the time of diagnosis.
Tenoscopic resection of the manica flexoria in 21 horses using a two‐portal unilateral technique
Authors: Diekstall M. , Rijkenhuizen A. B. M. , Gudehus T.
Published: August 2019

Tears of the manica flexoria are a well‐known cause of lameness in horses, and endoscopic resection using a 3‐ or 4‐portal approach has a good success rate. This article describes the feasibility of a two‐portal technique to resect the manica flexoria based on cadavers and a prospective clinical study. This technique is less invasive regarding the number of portals, allows more precise instrument handling as all sharp instruments used to transect the manica flexoria are always under visualisation and has reduced ergonomic risks for the surgeon compared with the multiple portal approaches. Fifteen of the 21 (71%) operated horses returned to pre‐injury level, comparable to the results obtained with previous techniques.
Supporting Families in Crisis: Awareness and Use of Third Places
Authors: Vaux Dana E. , Asay Sylvia M.
Published: August 2019

Families experiencing transition and difficulty often need external support. Third places provide opportunity for external social connection and support through informal relationships. This paper examines how the third place model shares concepts with family theory and how it connects to the field of Family Science as a useful framework for helping individuals and families. The paper provides insights useful for the design of successful third places based on psychological, social, and physical attributes as avenues of support and well‐being. Also addressed are the benefits of the discovery, conceptualization, and application of third place and its usefulness for the field of Family Science.
A synthetic glycerol assimilation pathway demonstrates biochemical constraints of cellular metabolism
Authors: Lindner Steffen N. , Aslan Selçuk , Müller Alexandra , Hoffart Eugenia , Behrens Patrick , Edlich‐Muth Christian , Blombach Bastian , Bar‐Even Arren
Published: August 2019

The engineering of synthetic metabolic routes can provide valuable lessons on the roles of different biochemical constraints in shaping pathway activity. In this study, we designed and engineered a novel glycerol assimilation pathway in Escherichia coli. While the synthetic pathway was based only on well‐characterized endogenous reactions, we were not able to establish robust growth using standard concentrations of glycerol. Long‐term evolution failed to improve growth via the pathway, indicating that this limitation was not regulatory but rather relates to fundamental aspects of cellular metabolism. We show that the activity of the synthetic pathway is fully controlled by three key physicochemical constraints: thermodynamics, kinetics and metabolite toxicity. Overcoming a thermodynamic barrier at the beginning of the pathway requires high glycerol concentrations. A kinetic barrier leads to a Monod‐like growth dependency on substrate concentration, but with a very high substrate saturation constant. Finally, the flat thermodynamic profile of the pathway enforces a pseudoequilibrium between glycerol and the reactive intermediate dihydroxyacetone, which inhibits growth when the feedstock concentration surpasses 1000 mm. Overall, this study serves to demonstrate the use of synthetic biology to elucidate key design principles of cellular metabolism.
Surprising lack of sensitivity of biochemical limitation of photosynthesis of nine tree species to open‐air experimental warming and reduced rainfall in a southern boreal forest
Authors: Stefanski Artur , Bermudez Raimundo , Sendall Kerrie M. , Montgomery Rebecca A. , Reich Peter B.
Published: August 2019

Photosynthetic biochemical limitation parameters (i.e., Vcmax, Jmax and Jmax:Vcmax ratio) are sensitive to temperature and water availability, but whether these parameters in cold climate species at biome ecotones are positively or negatively influenced by projected changes in global temperature and water availability remains uncertain. Prior exploration of this question has largely involved greenhouse based short‐term manipulative studies with mixed results in terms of direction and magnitude of responses. To address this question in a more realistic context, we examined the effects of increased temperature and rainfall reduction on the biochemical limitations of photosynthesis using a long‐term chamber‐less manipulative experiment located in northern Minnesota, USA. Nine tree species from the boreal‐temperate ecotone were grown in natural neighborhoods under ambient and elevated (+3.4°C) growing season temperatures and ambient or reduced (≈40% of rainfall removed) summer rainfall. Apparent rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration standardized to 25°C (Vcmax25°C and Jmax25°C, respectively) were estimated based on ACi curves measured in situ over three growing seasons. Our primary objective was to test whether species would downregulate Vcmax25°C and Jmax25°C in response to warming and reduced rainfall, with such responses expected to be greatest in species with the coldest and most humid native ranges, respectively. These hypotheses were not supported, as there were no overall main treatment effects on Vcmax25°C or Jmax25°C (p > .14). However, Jmax:Vcmax ratio decreased significantly with warming (p = .0178), whereas interactions between warming and rainfall reduction on the Jmax25°C to Vcmax25°C ratio were not significant. The insensitivity of photosynthetic parameters to warming contrasts with many prior studies done under larger temperature differentials and often fixed daytime temperatures. In sum, plants growing in relatively realistic conditions under naturally varying temperatures and soil moisture levels were remarkably insensitive in terms of their Jmax25°C and Vcmax25°C when grown at elevated temperatures, reduced rainfall, or both combined.