bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives towards cultural competence and receptivity to cultural competence training: a qualitative study on healthcare professionals
Authors: Lai Daniel W. L. , Lee Vincent W. P. , Ruan Yong Xin
Published: May 2023

Background:

Cultural competence training plays an effective role in improving cultural competence for healthcare professionals, but cultural competence training was found to be insufficient in Hong Kong.

Aim:

This study aims to explore receptivity and readiness of Hong Kong healthcare professionals (nurses, occupational therapists (OTs), and physiotherapists (PTs)) towards cultural competence training.

Methods:

Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 educators/trainers from tertiary institutions, 2 representatives of professional groups, and 14 managerial and frontline workers. Data were analysed using theoretical thematic analysis.

Findings:

Results show that nurses and PTs have lower levels of cultural competence than OTs owing to insufficient in-depth training and the nature of professional practice, and they expressed lower willingness to receive the training than OTs. However, the staff in these three professions encounter various challenges in serving ethnoculturally diverse groups. Therefore, barriers in receiving cultural competence training and best practice for providing cultural competence training were identified and discussed for these three professions.
3-Hydroxybutyrate ameliorates insulin resistance by inhibiting PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Zhang Yudian , Li Zihua , Liu Xinyi , Chen Xinyu , Zhang Shujie , Chen Yuemeng , Chen Jiangnan , Chen Jin , Wu Fuqing , Chen Guo-Qiang
Published: May 2023

3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) is a small ketone body molecule produced endogenously by the body in the liver. Previous studies have shown that 3HB can reduce blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. However, there is no systematic study and clear mechanism to evaluate and explain the hypoglycemic effect of 3HB. Here we demonstrate that 3HB reduces fasting blood glucose level, improves glucose tolerance, and ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice through hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2). Mechanistically, 3HB increases intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) levels by activating HCAR2, thereby stimulating adenylate cyclase (AC) to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, and then activating protein kinase A (PKA). Activated PKA inhibits Raf1 proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (Raf1) activity, resulting in a decrease in extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity and ultimately inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Ser273 phosphorylation in adipocytes. Inhibition of PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation by 3HB altered the expression of PPARγ regulated genes and reduced insulin resistance. Collectively, 3HB ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice through a pathway of HCAR2/Ca2+/cAMP/PKA/Raf1/ERK1/2/PPARγ.
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes periodontal fibrotic pathogenesis through deregulating mitochondrial beta-oxidation
Authors: Gao Yan , Kok Wai Ling , Sharma Vikram , Illsley Charlotte Sara , Hanks Sally , Tredwin Christopher , Hu Bing
Published: May 2023

The global high prevalence of COVID-19 is a major challenge for health professionals and patients. SARS-CoV-2 virus has four structural protein components: the spike protein, envelope protein, membrane protein, and nucleocapsid protein. The SARS-CoV-2 virus mutates predominantly in the spike proteins, whilst the other key viral components usually remain stable. Essentially the pathological functions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on different cell types are still largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that the human oral cavity can potentially act as reservoir of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the consequence of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection on human oral health has not been systematically examined. COVID-19 can cause severe oral mucosa lesions and is likely to be connected with poor periodontal conditions. Fibroblasts are the major cell type inside periodontal ligament (PDL) and express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), whose expression level can increase upon bacterial infection hence potentially provide a direct route of SARS-CoV-2 infection to PDL fibroblasts. In this research, we aimed to study the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 viral components on human fibroblasts. We found that by exposing to SARS-CoV-2, especially to the viral envelope and membrane proteins, the human periodontal fibroblasts could develop fibrotic pathogenic phenotypes, including hyperproliferation that was simultaneously induced with increased apoptosis and senescence. The fibrotic degeneration was mediated by a down-regulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation in the fibroblasts. Fatty acid β-oxidation inhibitor, etomoxir treatment could mirror the same pathological consequence on the cells, similar to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results therefore provide novel mechanistic insights into how SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect human periodontal health at the cell and molecular level with potential new therapeutic targets for COVID-19 induced fibrosis.
Multisite regulation integrates multimodal context in sensory circuits to control persistent behavioral states in C. elegans
Authors: Thapliyal Saurabh , Beets Isabel , Glauser Dominique A.
Published: May 2023

Maintaining or shifting between behavioral states according to context is essential for animals to implement fitness-promoting strategies. How the integration of internal state, past experience and sensory inputs orchestrates persistent multidimensional behavioral changes remains poorly understood. Here, we show that C. elegans integrates environmental temperature and food availability over different timescales to engage in persistent dwelling, scanning, global or glocal search strategies matching thermoregulatory and feeding needs. Transition between states, in each case, involves regulating multiple processes including AFD or FLP tonic sensory neurons activity, neuropeptide expression and downstream circuit responsiveness. State-specific FLP-6 or FLP-5 neuropeptide signaling acts on a distributed set of inhibitory GPCR(s) to promote scanning or glocal search, respectively, bypassing dopamine and glutamate-dependent behavioral state control. Integration of multimodal context via multisite regulation in sensory circuits might represent a conserved regulatory logic for a flexible prioritization on the valence of multiple inputs when operating persistent behavioral state transitions.
Long term anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics and correlate of protection against Omicron BA.1/BA.2 infection
Authors: Perez-Saez Javier , Zaballa María-Eugenia , Lamour Julien , Yerly Sabine , Dubos Richard , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Villers Jennifer , Balavoine Jean-François , Pittet Didier , Kherad Omar , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Kaiser Laurent , Guessous Idris , Stringhini Silvia , Azman Andrew S. ,   the Specchio-COVID19 study group, Arm-Vernez Isabelle , Bachmann Delphine , Bal Antoine , Barbe Rémy P. , Baysson Hélène , Berthelot Julie , Bryand-Rumley Gaëlle , Chappuis François , Collombet Prune , Coudurier-Boeuf Sophie , de Mestral Carlos , D’ippolito Paola , Dumont Roxane , El Merjani Nacira , Flahault Antoine , Francioli Natalie , Graindorge Clément , Harnal Séverine , Hurst Samia , Lescuyer Pierre , L’Huillier Arnaud G. , Loizeau Andrea Jutta , Lorthe Elsa , Martinez Chantal , Metral-Boffod Ludovic , Nehme Mayssam , Noël Natacha , Pennacchio Francesco , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , Poulain Géraldine , Pugin Caroline , Pullen Nick , Richard Viviane , Rochat Déborah , Samir Khadija , Ramirez Hugo Santa , Satin Etienne , Schaller Philippe , Schrempft Stephanie , Semaani Claire , Testini Stéphanie , Urrutia-Rivas Déborah , Verolet Charlotte , Vetter Pauline , Violot Guillemette , Wisniak Ania
Published: May 2023

Binding antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 have shown to be correlates of protection against infection with pre-Omicron lineages. This has been challenged by the emergence of immune-evasive variants, notably the Omicron sublineages, in an evolving immune landscape with high levels of cumulative incidence and vaccination coverage. This in turn limits the use of widely available commercial high-throughput methods to quantify binding antibodies as a tool to monitor protection at the population-level. Here we show that anti-Spike RBD antibody levels, as quantified by the immunoassay used in this study, are an indirect correlate of protection against Omicron BA.1/BA.2 for individuals previously infected by SARS-CoV-2. Leveraging repeated serological measurements between April 2020 and December 2021 on 1083 participants of a population-based cohort in Geneva, Switzerland, and using antibody kinetic modeling, we found up to a three-fold reduction in the hazard of having a documented positive SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 wave for anti-S antibody levels above 800 IU/mL (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.22-0.41). However, we did not detect a reduction in hazard among uninfected participants. These results provide reassuring insights into the continued interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 binding antibody measurements as an independent marker of protection at both the individual and population levels.
Spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking in KTaO3 heterointerface superconductors
Authors: Zhang Guanqun , Wang Lijie , Wang Jinghui , Li Guoan , Huang Guangyi , Yang Guang , Xue Huanyi , Ning Zhongfeng , Wu Yueshen , Xu Jin-Peng , Song Yanru , An Zhenghua , Zheng Changlin , Shen Jie , Li Jun , Chen Yan , Li Wei
Published: May 2023

Broken symmetries play a fundamental role in superconductivity and influence many of its properties in a profound way. Understanding these symmetry breaking states is essential to elucidate the various exotic quantum behaviors in non-trivial superconductors. Here, we report an experimental observation of spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking of superconductivity at the heterointerface of amorphous (a)-YAlO3/KTaO3(111) with a superconducting transition temperature of 1.86 K. Both the magnetoresistance and superconducting critical field in an in-plane field manifest striking twofold symmetric oscillations deep inside the superconducting state, whereas the anisotropy vanishes in the normal state, demonstrating that it is an intrinsic property of the superconducting phase. We attribute this behavior to the mixed-parity superconducting state, which is an admixture of s-wave and p-wave pairing components induced by strong spin-orbit coupling inherent to inversion symmetry breaking at the heterointerface of a-YAlO3/KTaO3. Our work suggests an unconventional nature of the underlying pairing interaction in the KTaO3 heterointerface superconductors, and brings a new broad of perspective on understanding non-trivial superconducting properties at the artificial heterointerfaces.
Reconciling scaling of the optical conductivity of cuprate superconductors with Planckian resistivity and specific heat
Authors: Michon Bastien , Berthod Christophe , Rischau Carl Willem , Ataei Amirreza , Chen Lu , Komiya Seiki , Ono Shimpei , Taillefer Louis , van der Marel Dirk , Georges Antoine
Published: May 2023

Materials tuned to a quantum critical point display universal scaling properties as a function of temperature T and frequency ω. A long-standing puzzle regarding cuprate superconductors has been the observed power-law dependence of optical conductivity with an exponent smaller than one, in contrast to T-linear dependence of the resistivity and ω-linear dependence of the optical scattering rate. Here, we present and analyze resistivity and optical conductivity of La2−xSrxCuO4 with x = 0.24. We demonstrate ℏω/kBT scaling of the optical data over a wide range of frequency and temperature, T-linear resistivity, and optical effective mass proportional to $$\sim \ln T$$
~
ln
T
corroborating previous specific heat experiments. We show that a T, ω-linear scaling Ansatz for the inelastic scattering rate leads to a unified theoretical description of the experimental data, including the power-law of the optical conductivity. This theoretical framework provides new opportunities for describing the unique properties of quantum critical matter.
Light-driven dandelion-inspired microfliers
Authors: Chen Yuanhao , Valenzuela Cristian , Zhang Xuan , Yang Xiao , Wang Ling , Feng Wei
Published: May 2023

In nature, many plants have evolved diverse flight mechanisms to disperse seeds by wind and propagate their genetic information. Inspired by the flight mechanism of the dandelion seeds, we demonstrate light-driven dandelion-inspired microfliers based on ultralight and super-sensitive tubular-shaped bimorph soft actuator. Like dandelion seeds in nature, the falling velocity of the as-proposed microflier in air can be facilely controlled by tailoring the degree of deformation of the “pappus” under different light irradiations. Importantly, the resulting microflier is able to achieve a mid-air flight above a light source with a sustained flight time of ~8.9 s and a maximum flight height of ~350 mm thanks to the unique dandelion-like 3D structures. Unexpectedly, the resulting microflier is found to exhibit light-driven upward flight accompanied by autorotating motion, and the rotation mode can be customized in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction by engineering the shape programmability of bimorph soft actuator films. The research disclosed herein can offer new insights into the development of untethered and energy-efficient artificial aerial vehicles that are of paramount significance for many applications from environmental monitoring and wireless communication to future solar sail and robotic spacecraft.
Electrosynthesis of a nylon-6 precursor from cyclohexanone and nitrite under ambient conditions
Authors: Wu Yongmeng , Zhao Jinghui , Wang Changhong , Li Tieliang , Zhao Bo-Hang , Song Ziyang , Liu Cuibo , Zhang Bin
Published: May 2023

Cyclohexanone oxime, an important nylon-6 precursor, is conventionally synthesized through cyclohexanone-hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and cyclohexanone ammoxidation methodologies. These strategies require complicated procedures, high temperatures, noble metal catalysts, and toxic SO2or H2O2usage. Here, we report a one-step electrochemical strategy to synthesize cyclohexanone oxime from nitrite (NO2−) and cyclohexanone under ambient conditions using a low-cost Cu-S catalyst, avoiding complex procedures, noble metal catalysts and H2SO4/H2O2usage. This strategy produces 92% yield and 99% selectivity of cyclohexanone oxime, comparable to the industrial route. The reaction undergoes a NO2− → NH2OH→oxime reaction pathway. This electrocatalytic strategy is suitable for the production of other oximes, highlighting the methodology universality. The amplified electrolysis experiment and techno-economic analysis confirm its practical potential. This study opens a mild, economical, and sustainable way for the alternative production of cyclohexanone oxime.
Fast Bayesian optimization of Needle-in-a-Haystack problems using zooming memory-based initialization (ZoMBI)
Authors: Siemenn Alexander E. , Ren Zekun , Li Qianxiao , Buonassisi Tonio
Published: May 2023

Needle-in-a-Haystack problems exist across a wide range of applications including rare disease prediction, ecological resource management, fraud detection, and material property optimization. A Needle-in-a-Haystack problem arises when there is an extreme imbalance of optimum conditions relative to the size of the dataset. However, current state-of-the-art optimization algorithms are not designed with the capabilities to find solutions to these challenging multidimensional Needle-in-a-Haystack problems, resulting in slow convergence or pigeonholing into a local minimum. In this paper, we present a Zooming Memory-Based Initialization algorithm, entitled ZoMBI, that builds on conventional Bayesian optimization principles to quickly and efficiently optimize Needle-in-a-Haystack problems in both less time and fewer experiments. The ZoMBI algorithm demonstrates compute time speed-ups of 400× compared to traditional Bayesian optimization as well as efficiently discovering optima in under 100 experiments that are up to 3× more highly optimized than those discovered by similar methods.
Historical global ocean wave data simulated with CMIP6 anthropogenic and natural forcings
Authors: Patra Anindita , Dodet Guillaume , Accensi Mickaël
Published: May 2023

This dataset presents historical ocean wave climate during 1960–2020, simulated using the numerical model WAVEWATCH III (WW3) forced by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations corresponding to natural-only (NAT), greenhouse gas-only (GHG), aerosol-only (AER) forcings, combined forcing (natural and anthropogenic; ALL), and pre-industrial control conditions. Surface wind at 3-hourly temporal resolution, and sea-ice area fraction at monthly frequency, from a CMIP6 model - MRI-ESM2.0 are used to force WW3 over the global ocean. Model calibration and validation of the significant wave height are carried out using inter-calibrated multi-mission altimeter data produced by the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative, with additional corroboration using ERA-5 reanalysis. The simulated dataset is assessed for its skill to represent mean state, extremes, trends, seasonal cycle, time consistency, and spatial distribution over time. Numerically simulated wave parameters for different individual external forcing scenario is not available yet. This study produces a novel database particularly useful for detection and attribution analysis to quantify the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic forcings to historical changes.
Neural-fuzzy machine learning approach for the fatigue-creep reliability modeling of SAC305 solder joints
Authors: Bani Hani Dania , Al Athamneh Raed , Abueed Mohammed , Hamasha Sa’d
Published: May 2023

The accuracy of reliability models is one of the most problematic issues that must be considered for the life of electronic assemblies, particularly those used for critical applications. The reliability of electronics is limited by the fatigue life of interconnected solder materials, which is influenced by many factors. This paper provides a method to build a robust machine-learning reliability model to predict the life of solder joints in common applications. The impacts of combined fatigue and creep stresses on solder joints are also investigated in this paper. The common alloy used in solder joint fabrication is SAC305 (Sn–Ag–Cu). The test vehicle includes individual solder joints of SAC305 alloy assembled on a printed circuit board. The effects of testing temperature, stress amplitude, and creep dwell time on the life of solder joints were considered. A two-parameter Weibull distribution was utilized to analyze the fatigue life. Inelastic work and plastic strain were extracted from the stress–strain curves. Then, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were used to build a machine learning model to predict characteristic life obtained from the Weibull analysis. The inelastic work and plastic stains were also considered in the ANN model. Fuzzy logic was used to combine the process parameters and fatigue properties and to construct the final life prediction model. Then a relationship equation between the comprehensive output measure obtained from the fuzzy system and the life was determined using a nonlinear optimizer. The results indicated that increasing the stress level, testing temperature, and creep dwell time decreases reliability. The case of long creep dwell time at elevated temperatures is worst in terms of impact on reliability. Finally, a single robust reliability model was computed as a function of the fatigue properties and process parameters. A significant enhancement of the prediction model was achieved compared to the stress–life equations.
Facile photosynthesis of novel porphyrin-derived nanocomposites containing Ag, Ag/Au, and Ag/Cu for photobactericidal study
Authors: Nejad Sajedeh Tehrani , Rahimi Rahmatollah , Rabbani Mahboubeh , Rostamnia Sadegh
Published: May 2023

In this research, the one-step synthesis of novel porphyrin-based nanocomposites was performed easily using a photochemical under visible light illumination strategy. As a result, the focus of this research is on synthesizing and using decorated ZnTPP (zinc(II)tetrakis(4-phenyl)porphyrin) nanoparticles with Ag, Ag/AgCl/Cu, and Au/Ag/AgCl nanostructures as antibacterial agents. Initially, ZnTPP NPs were synthesized as a result of the self-assembly of ZnTPP. In the next step, in a visible-light irradiation photochemically process, the self-assembled ZnTPP nanoparticles were used to make ZnTPP/Ag NCs, ZnTPP/Ag/AgCl/Cu NCs, and ZnTPP/Au/Ag/AgCl NCs. A study on the antibacterial activity of nanocomposites was carried out for Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus as pathogen microorganisms by the plate count method, well diffusion tests, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values determination. Thereafter, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by the flow cytometry method. All the antibacterial tests and the flow cytometry ROS measurements were carried out under LED light and in dark. The (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was applied to investigate the cytotoxicity of the ZnTPP/Ag/AgCl/Cu NCs, against Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF-1) normal cells. Due to the specific properties such as admissible photosensitizing properties of porphyrin, mild reaction conditions, high antibacterial properties in the presence of LED light, crystal structure, and green synthesis, these nanocomposites were recognized as kinds of antibacterial materials that are activated in visible light, got the potential for use in a broad range of medical applications, photodynamic therapy, and water treatment.
Ir impurities in $$\alpha$$- and $$\beta$$-$$\text {Ga}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$$ and their detrimental effect on p-type conductivity
Authors: Zachinskis Aleksandrs , Grechenkov Jurij , Butanovs Edgars , Platonenko Aleksandrs , Piskunov Sergei , Popov Anatoli I. , Purans Juris , Bocharov Dmitry
Published: May 2023

Recently gallium oxide ($$\text {Ga}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$$

Ga
2

O
3

) has become one of the most actively studied materials due to its competitive electronic properties such as wide bandgap, high breakdown field, simple control of carrier concentration, and high thermal stability. These properties make gallium oxide a promising candidate for potential applications in high-power electronic devices. $$\beta$$
β
-$$\text {Ga}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$$

Ga
2

O
3

crystals are commonly grown by the Czochralski method in an iridium (Ir) crucible. For this reason, Ir is often present in $$\text {Ga}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$$

Ga
2

O
3

crystals as an unintentional dopant. In this work the impact of Ir incorporation defects on potential p-type conductivity in $$\beta$$
β
-$$\text {Ga}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$$

Ga
2

O
3

is studied by means of density functional theory. The metastable $$\alpha$$
α
-$$\text {Ga}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$$

Ga
2

O
3

phase was investigated as the model object to understand the processes caused by iridium doping in gallium oxide-based systems. Obtained results allow us to understand better the influence of Ir on $$\text {Ga}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$$

Ga
2

O
3

electronic structure, as well as provide interpretation for optical transitions reported in recent experiments.
Simulation of melting paraffin with graphene nanoparticles within a solar thermal energy storage system
Authors: Jafaryar M. , Sheikholeslami M.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, applying new structure and loading Graphene nanoparticles have been considered as promising techniques for enhancing thermal storage systems. The layers within the paraffin zone were made from aluminum and the melting temperature of paraffin is 319.55 K. The paraffin zone located in the middle section of the triplex tube and uniform hot temperatures (335 K) for both walls of annulus have been applied. Three geometries for the container were applied with changing the angle of fins (α = 7.5°, 15° and 30°). The uniform concentration of additives was assumed involving a homogeneous model for predicting properties. Results indicate that loading Graphene nanoparticles causes time of melting to decrease about 4.98% when α = 7.5° and the impact of ϕ improves about 5.2% with reduce of angle from 30° to 7.5°. In addition, as angle declines, the period of melting decreases around 76.47% which is associated with augmentation of driving force (conduction) in geometry with lower α.
Comprehensive analysis of the diagnostic and therapeutic value of the hypoxia-related gene PLAUR in the progression of atherosclerosis
Authors: Dai Chengyi , Lin Yuhang
Published: May 2023

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major contributor to a variety of negative clinical outcomes, including stroke and myocardial infarction. However, the role and therapeutic value of hypoxia-related genes in AS development has been less discussed. In this study, Plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR) was identified as an effective diagnostic marker for AS lesion progression by combining WGCNA and random forest algorithm. We validated the stability of the diagnostic value on multiple external datasets including humans and mice. We identified a significant correlation between PLAUR expression and lesion progression. We mined multiple single cell-RNA sequencing (sc-RNA seq) data to nominate macrophage as the key cell cluster for PLAUR mediated lesion progression. We combined cross-validation results from multiple databases to predict that HCG17-hsa-miR-424-5p-HIF1A, a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, may regulate hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) expression. The DrugMatrix database was used to predict alprazolam, valsartan, biotin A, lignocaine, and curcumin as potential drugs to delay lesion progression by antagonizing PLAUR, and AutoDock was used to verify the binding ability of drugs and PLAUR. Overall, this study provides the first systematic identification of the diagnostic and therapeutic value of PLAUR in AS and offers multiple treatment options with potential applications.
Evaluation of pitting corrosion by dynamic speckle pattern analysis
Authors: Pedram Omid , Jamali Ramin , Abbasian Vahid , Rad Vahideh Farzam , Darafsheh Arash , Khamedi Ramin , Poursaeidi Esmaeil , Moradi Ali-Reza
Published: May 2023

There is an increasing interest in non-destructive and real-time high-resolution approaches for corrosion studies in metals. In this paper, we propose the dynamic speckle pattern method as a low-cost, easy-to-implement, andquasi in-situoptical technique for the quantitative evaluation of pitting corrosion. This type of corrosion occurs in a specific area of a metallic structure and causes holes formation leading to structural failure. A Custom 450 stainless steel sample, placed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and applied to a$$350 \,\hbox {mV}_{SCE}$$350mVSCEpotential to initiate the corrosion, is used as the sample. The speckle patterns formed by the scattering of a He-Ne laser light is changed over time due to any corrosion in the sample. The analysis of the time-integrate speckle pattern suggests that the growth rate of pitting decreases with time.
Evaluation of motion artefact reduction depending on the artefacts’ directions in head MRI using conditional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Usui Keisuke , Muro Isao , Shibukawa Syuhei , Goto Masami , Ogawa Koichi , Sakano Yasuaki , Kyogoku Shinsuke , Daida Hiroyuki
Published: May 2023

Motion artefacts caused by the patient’s body movements affect magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accuracy. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the accuracy of motion artefacts correction using a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) with an autoencoder and U-net models. The training dataset consisted of motion artefacts generated through simulations. Motion artefacts occur in the phase encoding direction, which is set to either the horizontal or vertical direction of the image. To create T2-weighted axial images with simulated motion artefacts, 5500 head images were used in each direction. Of these data, 90% were used for training, while the remainder were used for the evaluation of image quality. Moreover, the validation data used in the model training consisted of 10% of the training dataset. The training data were divided into horizontal and vertical directions of motion artefact appearance, and the effect of combining this data with the training dataset was verified. The resulting corrected images were evaluated using structural image similarity (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and the metrics were compared with the images without motion artefacts. The best improvements in the SSIM and PSNR were observed in the consistent condition in the direction of the occurrence of motion artefacts in the training and evaluation datasets. However, SSIM > 0.9 and PSNR > 29 dB were accomplished for the learning model with both image directions. The latter model exhibited the highest robustness for actual patient motion in head MRI images. Moreover, the image quality of the corrected image with the CGAN was the closest to that of the original image, while the improvement rates for SSIM and PSNR were approximately 26% and 7.7%, respectively. The CGAN model demonstrated a high image reproducibility, and the most significant model was the consistent condition of the learning model and the direction of the appearance of motion artefacts.
A nucleophilic addition–elimination based ratiometric fluorescent probe for monitoring N2H4 in biological systems and actual samples
Authors: Shi Yan , Huo Fangjun , Yin Caixia
Published: May 2023

Hydrazine (N2H4) is an important reagent in the field of fine chemical engineering.
Target-switched artificial biochemical circuit for a versatile and sensitive colorimetric detection platform
Authors: Meng Xianzhu , Gu Huiwen , Yin Xiaoli , Yi Hongchao , Chen Ying
Published: May 2023

A smartphone-integrated and target-switched artificial biochemical circuit was designed for the establishment of a versatile and sensitive colorimetric detection platform.
Dinuclear-gold-catalyzed cyclization of 1,7-enynes with alkyl bromides
Authors: Li Jiajun , Zhai Xinyi , Ji Cheng-Long , Li Weipeng , Xie Jin
Published: May 2023

Dinuclear gold-catalyzed radical difunctionalization of alkyl bromides with 1,7-enynes has been establishedviadehalogenation and 1,5-HAT processes, affording cyclopenta[c]quinolines with good yields (28 examples, up to 84% yield).
Supramolecular lanthanide assemblies with cucurbit[6]uril: from synthesis and crystal structure to application
Authors: Andrienko Irina V. , Rakhmanova Mariana I. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Kovalenko Ekaterina A.
Published: May 2023

Reactions between Ln(NO3)3 and cucurbit[6]uril in HNO3 have been studied, aiming to create novel light-emitting systems.
Evaluating different deep learning models for efficient extraction of Raman signals from CARS spectra
Authors: Junjuri Rajendhar , Saghi Ali , Lensu Lasse , Vartiainen Erik M.
Published: May 2023

The nonresonant background (NRB) contribution to the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal distorts the spectral line shapes and thus degrades the chemical information.
Upcycling rust and plastic waste into an Fe MOF for effective energy storage applications: transformation of trash to treasure
Authors: Deka Rakesh , Mal Diptangshu Datta , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: May 2023

An Fe-based metal–organic framework is synthesized utilizing metal sourced from iron rust and a linker sourced from PET bottle waste. Further, the MOF is deployed as the active electrode material for a supercapacitor.
The origin of experimental regioselectivity in ring-closing reaction of pyrido[1,2-e]purine systems and comparison of the aromaticity character of probable products: a mechanistic study based on DFT insights
Authors: Moghimi Parvin , Bolourian Shadi , Shiri Ali , Eshghi Hossein , Hosseini Fereshteh , Sabet-Sarvestani Hossein
Published: May 2023

Investigation of the regioselectivity, mechanistic aspects and aromaticity character of hydrazine derivatives of pyrido[1,2-e]purine in a ring-closing reaction is the main purpose of this study.
Hydroboration of imines: intermolecularvs.intramolecular hydride transfer
Authors: Zhai Siyuan , Vidović Dragoslav , Petković Milena
Published: May 2023

We performed a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of the 1,3-hydride shift in imine–BH3adducts, which represents a crucial step in the formation of mono-aminoboranes (R2N–BH2).
Inkjet-printed h-BN memristors for hardware security
Authors: Zhu Kaichen , Vescio Giovanni , González-Torres Sergio , López-Vidrier Julià , Frieiro Juan Luis , Pazos Sebastian , Jing Xu , Gao Xu , Wang Sui-Dong , Ascorbe-Muruzábal Joaquín , Ruiz-Fuentes Juan A. , Cirera Albert , Garrido Blas , Lanza Mario
Published: May 2023

Inkjet-printed h-BN memristors exhibit multiple stochastic phenomena that are very attractive for use as entropy sources in electronic circuits for data encryption. The high variability can be exploited to create unique and unpredictable patterns.
Interfacial engineering of FeWO4/Fe2O3 homometallic heterojunctions for synergistic electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Li Rongfang , Zhang Heng , Chen Junling , Zhang Ka , Li Wenqiang , Feng Xun , Zhang Huijuan , Abdoulkader Ibro Douka , Zhang Xu , Zhang Tiexin
Published: May 2023

Benefiting from the interconnection of active FeWO4 and Fe2O3 chemical phases, a novel porous nanospindle FeWO4/Fe2O3 heterojunction with abundant active interfaces is developed as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for both the HER and OER.
Electrochemical synthesis and transformation of organoboron compounds
Authors: Yin Chunyu , Tang Shuai , Mei Jiatong , Hu Xiaoyun , Zhang Hua
Published: May 2023

This review highlights the recent advances in both electrochemical borylation and hydroboration to synthesize organoboron compounds and electrochemical transformation of organoboron compounds to construct carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds.
[Cp*RhCl2]2catalyzed three-component coupling cyclization of 2,3-allenoic acids with 2,3-allenols in the presence of Cu(OAc)2·H2O
Authors: Fan Junjie , Wu Xiaoyan , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: May 2023

A [Cp*RhCl2]2catalyzed three-component coupling cyclization of 2,3-allenols and 2,3-allenoic acids affording furanone derivatives with an acetate functionality was established. Isotopic labelling experiments unveiled a unique mechanism.
Defying the inverse energy gap law: a vacuum-evaporable Fe(ii) low-spin complex with a long-lived LIESST state
Authors: Grunwald Jan , Torres Jorge , Buchholz Axel , Näther Christian , Kämmerer Lea , Gruber Manuel , Rohlf Sebastian , Thakur Sangeeta , Wende Heiko , Plass Winfried , Kuch Wolfgang , Tuczek Felix
Published: May 2023

The novel vacuum-evaporable complex [Fe(pypypyr)2] is in its LS state up to at least 510 K. Still, its light-induced HS state has a half time of several hours at 10 K, which is caused by a large structural difference between the two spin states.
Palladium mono-N-protected amino acid complexes: experimental validation of the ligand cooperation model in C–H activation
Authors: Fernández-Moyano Sara , Salamanca Vanesa , Albéniz Ana C.
Published: May 2023

Palladium complexes with mono-N-protected amino acid ligands (MPAA) have been prepared as models to experimentally study the C–H activation of arenes. Their reactivity shows the validity of the chelating model with the assistance of the acyl group.
Deep removal of trace C2H2 and CO2 from C2H4 by using customized potassium-exchange mordenite
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Wang Binyu , Zhang Bin , Chen Jiuhong , Gui Jiabao , Shi Xiufeng , Yan Wenfu , Li Jinping , Li Libo
Published: May 2023

We report a low-cost MOR zeolite with a specific K+ location acting as “goalkeepers” to control the gas diffusion channels. K–MOR achieves deep purification of polymer-grade C2H4 from ternary mixtures with remarkable productivity.
Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction catalysed by a dinuclear cobalt complex with doubly N-confused hexaphyrin
Authors: Takada Risa , Nakazono Takashi , Nishimura Taiyo , Shiga Takuya , Nihei Masayuki , Yamada Yusuke , Wada Tohru
Published: May 2023

A dinuclear cobalt complex with a doubly N-confused hexaphyrin, Co2DNCH, showed high catalytic activity for electrochemical hydrogen reduction due to the wide π-conjugated system of DNCH.
Visually attractive and efficient photovoltaics through luminescent downshifting
Authors: Kalluvettukuzhy Neena Kurian , Maciejczyk Michal Robert , Underwood Ian , Robertson Neil
Published: May 2023

Current PV market trends give high importance to the aesthetic value of PV products. The technology developed and described in this article allows the easy implementation of customizable and visually appealing solar panels in different applications.
Silver nanoparticles with exceptional near-infrared absorbance for photoenhanced antimicrobial applications
Authors: Bourgonje Connor R. , da Silva Daliane R. C. , McIlroy Ella , Calvert Nicholas D. , Shuhendler Adam J. , Scaiano Juan C.
Published: May 2023

In this work, we outline a simple method for synthesizing decahedral and triangular silver nanoparticles using different wavelengths of LED light to tune particle shape and spectral characteristics, and induce powerful antibacterial effects.
Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot-based portable fluorescent sensors for the sensitive detection of Fe3+ and ATP with logic gate operation
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Wang Jieqiong , Wei Shanshan , Wang Chenzhao , Yin Xiangyu , Song Xuewei , Jiang Chunzhu , Sun Guoying
Published: May 2023

A unique fluorescent biosensor based on N-doped graphene quantum dots has been developed with high selectivity, anti-interference properties, excellent biocompatibility and portability, which can sensitively determine Fe3+ and ATP levels in biological matrices.
JCMT/SCUBA-2 uncovers an excess of 850 μm counts on megaparsec scales around high-redshift quasars
Authors: Arrigoni Battaia F. , Obreja A. , Chen C.-C. , Nowotka M. , Fumagalli M. , Prochaska J. X. , Yang Y. , Cai Z. , Muñoz-Elgueta N. , Fossati M.
Published: May 2023

We conducted a systematic survey of the environment of high-redshift quasars at submillimeter wavelengths to unveil and characterize the surrounding distribution of dusty submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). We took sensitive observations with the SCUBA-2 instrument on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope for 3 enormous Lyman-alpha nebulae (ELANe) and 17 quasar fields in the redshift range 2 < z < 4.2 selected from recent Lyman alpha (Lyα) surveys. These observations uncovered 523 and 101 sources at 850 μm and 450 μm, respectively, with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) > 4 or detected in both bands at S/N > 3. We ran self-consistent Monte Carlo simulations to construct 850 μm number counts and unveil an excess of sources in 75% of the targeted fields. Overall, regions around ELANe and quasars are overabundant with respect to blank fields by a factor of 3.4 ± 0.4 and 2.5 ± 0.2, respectively (weighted averages). Therefore, the excess of submillimeter sources is likely part of the megaparsec-scale environment around these systems. By combining all fields and repeating the count analysis in radial apertures, we find (at high significance, ≳5σ) a decrease in the overdensity factor from > 3 within ∼2 cMpc to ∼2 in the annulus at the edge of the surveyed field (∼10 cMpc), which suggests that the physical extent of the overdensities is larger than our maps. We computed preferred directions for the overdensities of SMGs from the positions of the sources and used them to orient and create stacked maps of source densities for the quasars’ environment. This stacking unveils an elongated structure reminiscent of a large-scale filament with a scale width of ≈3 cMpc. Finally, the directions of the overdensities are roughly aligned with the major axis of the Lyα nebulae, suggesting that the latter trace, on scales of hundreds of kiloparsecs, the central regions of the projected large-scale structure described by the SMGs on megaparsec scales. Confirming member associations of the SMGs is required to further characterize their spatial and kinematic distribution around ELANe and quasars.
Probing the timescale of the 1.4 GHz radio emissions as a star formation tracer
Authors: Arango-Toro R. C. , Ciesla L. , Ilbert O. , Magnelli B. , Jiménez-Andrade E. F. , Buat V.
Published: May 2023

Context. Radio used as a tracer of the star formation rate (SFR) presents enormous advantages because it is not affected by dust and radio sources that are located at the subarcsecond level. The interpretation of the low-frequency 1.4 GHz luminosity is hampered by the difficulty of modeling the paths of cosmic rays in the interstellar medium, however, and by their interactions with the magnetic field.

Aims. We compare the SFR derived from radio observations and the SFRs derived from spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling. We aim at better understanding the behavior of the SFR radio tracer, with a specific emphasis on the link to star formation histories (SFHs).

Methods. The analysis is based on a subsample of 1584 star-forming galaxies extracted from the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) with observations of the Very large array project at 3 GHz. We used the SED modeling code investigating galaxy emission, CIGALE, with a nonparametric model for the SFH and fit the data over the wavelength range from the ultraviolet (UV) to the mid-infrared (mid-IR). We interpret the difference between radio and SED-based SFR tracers in the light of recent gradients in the derived SFH. To validate the robustness of the results, we searched for any remaining contribution of active galaxy nuclei and tested the impact of our SFH modeling approach.

Results. Approximately 27% our galaxies present a radio SFR (SFRradio) that is at least ten times higher than the instantaneous SFR from SED fitting (SFRSED). This trend primarily affects the galaxies whose SFH activity decreased over the last 300 Myr. Both SFR indicators converge toward a consistent value when the SFHs are averaged over a period longer than 150 Myr to derive SFRSED.

Conclusions. Although the radio at a low frequency of 1.4 GHz is a good tracer of the star formation activity of galaxies with a constant or increasing SFH, our results indicate that this is not the case for quenched galaxies. Our analysis suggests that the star formation time sensitivity of the low radio frequency might be longer than 150 Myr. Interestingly, the discrepancy between the SFRradio and SFRSED can be used as diagnostic to select post-starburst galaxies.
Tidally heated exomoons around ϵ Eridani b: Observability and prospects for characterization
Authors: Kleisioti E. , Dirkx D. , Rovira-Navarro M. , Kenworthy M. A.
Published: May 2023

Context. Exomoons are expected to orbit gas giant exoplanets just as moons orbit Solar System planets. Tidal heating is present in Solar System satellites, and it can heat up their interior, depending on their orbital and interior properties.

Aims. We aim to identify a tidally heated exomoon’s (THEM) orbital parameter space that would make it observable in infrared wavelengths with MIRI/JWST around ϵ Eridani b. We study the possible constraints on orbital eccentricity and interior properties that a successful THEM detection in infrared wavelengths can bring. We also investigate what exomoon properties need to be independently known in order to place these constraints.

Methods. We used a coupled thermal-tidal model to find stable equilibrium points between the tidally produced heat and the heat transported within a moon. For the latter, we considered a spherical and radially symmetric satellite with heat being transported via magma advection in a sublayer of melt (asthenosphere) and convection in the lower mantle. We incorporated uncertainties in the interior and tidal model parameters to assess the fraction of simulated moons that would be observable with MIRI.

Results. We find that a 2RIo THEM orbiting ϵ Eridani b with an eccentricity of 0.02 would need to have a semi-major axis of 4 planetary Roche radii for 100% of the simulations to produce an observable moon. These values are comparable with the orbital properties of the satellites of the Solar System gas giants. We placed similar constraints for eccentricities up to 0.1. We conclude that if the semi-major axis and radius of the moon are known (e.g., with exomoon transits), tidal dissipation can constrain the orbital eccentricity and interior properties of the satellite, such as the presence of melt and the thickness of the melt-containing sublayer.
Tormund’s return: Hints of quasi-periodic eruption features from a recent optical tidal disruption event
Authors: Quintin E. , Webb N. A. , Guillot S. , Miniutti G. , Kammoun E. S. , Giustini M. , Arcodia R. , Soucail G. , Clerc N. , Amato R. , Markwardt C. B.
Published: May 2023

Context. Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are repeating thermal X-ray bursts associated with accreting massive black holes, the precise underlying physical mechanisms of which are still unclear.

Aims. We present a new candidate QPE source, AT 2019vcb (nicknamed Tormund by the Zwicky Transient Facility Collaboration), which was found during an archival search for QPEs in the XMM-Newton archive. It was first discovered in 2019 as an optical tidal disruption event (TDE) at z = 0.088, and its X-ray follow-up exhibited QPE-like properties. Our goals are to verify its robustness as QPE candidate and to investigate its properties to improve our understanding of QPEs.

Methods. We performed a detailed study of the X-ray spectral behaviour of this source over the course of the XMM-Newton archival observation. We also report on recent Swift and NICER follow-up observations to constrain the source’s current activity and overall lifetime, as well as an optical spectral follow-up.

Results. The first two Swift detections and the first half of the 30 ks XMM-Newton exposure of Tormund displayed a decaying thermal emission typical of an X-ray TDE. However, the second half of the exposure showed a dramatic rise in temperature (from 53.5−7.7+9.2 eV to 113.8−2.7+2.9 eV) and 0.2–2 keV luminosity (from 3.2−1.0+1.6 × 1042 erg s−1 to 1.19−0.05+0.05 × 1044 erg s−1) over ∼15 ks. The late-time NICER follow-up indicates that the source is still X-ray bright more than three years after the initial optical TDE.

Conclusions. Although only a rise phase was observed, Tormund’s strong similarities with a known QPE source (eRO-QPE1) and the impossibility to simultaneously account for all observational features with alternative interpretations allow us to classify Tormund as a candidate QPE. If confirmed as a QPE, it would further strengthen the observational link between TDEs and QPEs. It is also the first QPE candidate for which an associated optical TDE was directly observed, constraining the formation time of QPEs.
Nuclear Science for the Manhattan Project
Authors: Chadwick Mark B.
Published: May 2023

This is a transcript of my talk for Nuclear Data for Science and Technology conference, ND2022. The talk is available on YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_WYcTHco00. This work is derived from a 2021 paper I wrote in the American Nuclear Society’s journal Nuclear Technology 207, S24 (2021). It was published in a special issue together with twenty-three other papers, for the 75th Anniversary of the culmination of the Manhattan Project. It would be better to watch the video than read this transcript!