bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple inner core reflections from a Novaya Zemlya explosion
Authors: Adams R. D.
Published: September 2021

The phases P2KP, P3KP, and P4KP are well recorded from the Novaya Zemlya nuclear explosion of October 14, 1970, with the branch AB at distances of up to 20° beyond the theoretical end point A. This extension is attributed to diffraction around the core-mantle boundary. A slowness dT/dΔ = 4.56±0.02 sec/deg is determined for the AB branch of P4KP, in excellent agreement with recent determinations of the slowness of diffracted P. This slowness implies a velocity of 13.29±0.06 km/sec at the base of the mantle, and confirms recent suggestions of a low-velocity channel above the core-mantle boundary. There is evidence that arrivals recorded before the AB branch of P2KP may lie on two branches, with different slownesses. The ratio of amplitudes of successive orders of multiple inner core reflections gives a lower bound of about 2200 for Q in the outer core.
The effect of an initial hypocentral stress upon the radiation patterns of P and S waves
Authors: Dahlen F. A.
Published: September 2021

The effect of an initial hypocentral deviatoric stress upon the radiation patterns of radiated P and S waves is explicitly described for the case of an infinitesimal, nonpropagating seismic dislocation. A nonzero hypocentral stress deviator produces two small changes in the familiar quadrupole radiation pattern; it gives rise to a small additional explosion-like component, and it acts to skew slightly the quadrupole component relative to the fault plane and auxiliary plane. The latter phenomenon is not of sufficient magnitude to give rise to any serious uncertainties in the interpretation of fault-plane solutions; in fact, both phenomena are so small that they will be exceedingly difficult ever to detect. The recent measurements of P-wave amplitudes on the focal sphere by Randall and Knopoff (1970) cannot be explained by these results.
Homomorphic deconvolution of some teleseismic events
Authors: Ulrych T. J. , Jensen O. G. , Ellis R. M. , Somerville P. G.
Published: September 2021

Homomorphic filtering (Oppenheim et al., 1968), recently applied to seismology by Ulrych (1971), has been used to deconvolve three earthquake and one underground nuclear explosion seismograms recorded at leduc, Alberta. Comparison of actual recordings with seismograms synthesized using deconvolved wavelets together with a crustal response computed from a well-defined crustal model shows striking correlations. This improved wavelet extraction procedure is expected to be an aid in Q, source mechanism, and depth studies as well as crustal deconvolution investigations.
Close-in ground motion from the MILROW and CANNIKIN events
Authors: Perret William R.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Motion of the ground induced by the CANNIKIN and MILROW nuclear explosions beneath Amchitka Island was observed at vertical arrays of subsurface stations in borings offset 90 m from the shot holes and at surface stations at distances ranging from surface zero to about 10 km. Acceleration, particle velocity, and displacement time histories were obtained: vertical components only in the vertical arrays and three orthogonal components at surface stations.

MILROW results indicate Rayleigh waves in records from a horizontal range of one-half shot depth and beyond. Analysis showed the initial spall depth near 110 m, with later spallation below 150 m and between 30 and 90 m. Surface data indicate spallation extended laterally to four times shot depth. CANNIKIN data were trucated at about 1.8 sec by power circuit malfunction. Peak motion was recorded at all but the most remote CANNIKIN station before loss of power. Comparison of CANNIKIN data with those from MILROW indicate greater peak motions from the more energetic CANNIKIN explosion, but scaled peak motions from these events are similar.
Tsunami model: Generation and open-sea characteristics
Authors: Hwang Li-San , Butler H. Lee , Divoky David J.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A numerical model of the generation and transoceanic propagation of tsunamis is developed. The model is based on hydrodynamic equations in a spherical coordinate system to account for the spherical nature of the Earth. The model provides a deterministic approach to the description of tsunami waves, and is verified by hindcasting the wave behavior following the Alaskan earthquake of 1964. Results of the computation are compared with field measurements (Wake Island deep-water gage records and results obtained from the numerical model developed previously by Hwang and Divoky, 1970). From these calculations, the excessive damage at Crescent City, California, seems to have resulted in part from the phenomenon of tsunami directionality. Finally, the model is applied to a hypothetical CANNIKIN source (Rat Islands source) and shows that the resulting tsunami energy radiation pattern would be highly directional with the largest wave heights passing through the west-central Pacific.
Sport Is for Everyone: A Legal Roadmap for Transgender Participation in Sport
Authors: Buzuvis Erin , Litwin Sarah , Zola Warren
Published: September 2021

Sport is a vehicle for social change and should be leveraged as such in 2021 and beyond to address matters of equality. In recent years, the public has paid greater attention to transgender athletes participating in sport at all levels—high school, collegiate, professional, and Olympic—despite the fact that transgender athletes have been competing in sports for decades. Backlash has arisen in general but also more specifically in response to several recent Supreme Court cases that have both solidified and extended rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and other gender and sexual minorities. In turn, state laws that seek to limit the rights of transgender students to participate in sports have been drafted around the country. To be sure, these laws are often built on erroneous data, a misunderstanding of facts, and ignorance, but their existence continues to fuel the public debate on whether transgender athletes should be allowed to participate based on their gender identity or their sex as determined at birth.
The Sky Is Not Falling: Why Name, Image, and Likeness Legislation Does Not Violate Title IX and Could Narrow the Publicity Gap Between Men’s Sport and Women’s Sport Athletes
Authors: Jessop Alicia , Sabin Joe
Published: September 2021

For decades, the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (“NCAA”) amateurism rules have largely prevented NCAA athletes from commercializing their names, images, and likenesses (“NIL”). The right to license and profit from one’s own image, often referred to as the “Right of Publicity,” is explicitly recognized by statute or common law in 35 states. No federal Right of Publicity statute exists, but in 1977, the United States Supreme Court recognized the right. However, until 2021, NCAA athletes were precluded from benefiting from this right, as under the NCAA’s amateurism principle, “An individual loses amateur status and thus shall not be eligible for intercollegiate competition in a particular sport ...” if he “[u]ses athletics skill (directly or indirectly) for pay in any form in that sport.” Until July 1, 2021, by becoming an NCAA athlete and complying with the NCAA’s Bylaws to maintain eligibility, NCAA athletes gave up their right to benefit from their NIL while competing in NCAA athletics. This relinquishment put full commercial marketing control of the athlete, their team, and the college sport in the NCAA’s hands. Research shows that despite the application of Title IX to sport in 1975, NCAA women’s sports have not been commercially marketed in parity with NCAA men’s sports, with NCAA men’s sports experiencing significant publicity and sponsorship windfalls. This article examines the recent decision by the NCAA to allow NCAA athletes to benefit from their NIL, the potential Title IX implications of the decision, and how the decision could narrow the publicity gap between NCAA men’s and women’s sport athletes in furtherance of the plain language and intent of Title IX.
PERAKENDE MAĞAZA ORTAM KOKUSUNUN TÜKETİCİ SATIN ALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: Öztürk Abdülkadir , Berber Gizem , Maraş Çakır Ebru
Published: September 2021

Günümüzde yoğun rekabet ortamında işletmeler hem tüketicileri etkileyebilmek hem de rekabette üstünlük sağlamak için farklı uygulamalar denemektedir. Bu kapsamda mağaza atmosferinde yer alan renk, koku, aydınlatma, müzik ve düzen gibi uyarıcılar kurumsal işletmelerin mağazalarına kimlik oluşturmada ve tüketici tercihini sağlamada önemli etkiye sahiptirler. Bu doğrultuda mağaza ortamındaki koku, mağazaların hatırlanmasında ve mağaza hakkında imaj oluşturmada bir iletişim aracı olarak değerlendirilebilir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı mağaza ortam kokusunun yaklaşma davranışı ve tüketici satın alma davranışı üzerinde etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada kullanılmak üzere gerekli olan veriler, çevrimiçi anket formu aracılığıyla ve 328 üniversite öğrencisinin katılımıyla toplanmıştır. Ankete katılanların araştırmaya konu olan perakendeci firmanın mağazasında daha önce bulunmuş ve alışveriş yapmış olmaları aranan koşuldur. Çalışma sonucunda araştırmaya katılan kadın öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre kokulu mağaza ortamında satın alma niyetlerinin daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Mağaza ortam kokusunun hem yaklaşma davranışı hem de satın alma niyeti üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.
MÜTAREKE SONRASI MUSUL’DA İNGİLİZ İŞGAL YÖNETİMİNE KARŞI AYAKLANMALAR
Authors: Esen Nihal
Published: September 2021

Yavuz Sultan Selim’in Çaldıran Savaşı sonrasında Osmanlı topraklarına katılan Musul bölgesi, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın sonrasında imzalanan Mondros Mütarekesi’nin ardından İngilizler tarafından işgal edildi. Musul’un jeopolitik ve stratejik konumu İngiltere’nin politikaları çerçevesinde büyük bir öneme sahipti. Nitekim İngilizler Musul’un işgali ile birlikte bölgenin demografik yapısına uygun politikalar geliştirmeye başladılar. Bu politikalarını Musul bölgesindeki aşiretler üzerinden uygulamaya koyan İngiltere, Şeyh Mahmud Berzenci idaresinde bir Kürt yönetimi ile bölgeye hakim olmak istediler. Fakat gerek söz konusu durum gerekse İngiliz işgaline karşı tepkiler sonucunda bölgede bulunan aşiretler tarafından ayaklanmalar patlak vermeye başladı.
Bu çalışmada İngilizlerin Musul’a yönelik politikaları ile bölgede çıkan ayaklanmalar, İngilizlerin ayaklanmalar karşısındaki tavrı ve alınan önlemler değerlendirilmiştir.
HEMAVEND AŞİRETİ’NİN TÜTÜN KAÇAKÇILIĞI İDDİALARI VE ADANA REJİ İDARESİ
Authors: Dağ Mustafa
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, 19. Yüzyılda Adana Reji İdaresi döneminde bölgede Hemavend Aşireti’nin tütün kaçakçılığı ile ilgili iddiaları değerlendirilmiştir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, geniş sınırlara sahip olmanın yanı sıra verimli arazilere, pek çok limana, önemli ticaret güzergâhlarına ve geniş bir ticaret pazarına sahip olmasından dolayı kaçakçılık olgusu devlet yöneticilerini meşgul eden bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmıştır. Bu durum İmparatorluğun yabancı devletler ile olan ticaretini etkilediği gibi yerel ticareti de etkilemiştir. XIX. Yüzyılda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda yaşanan bu durumun bir örneği Adana Reji İdaresi’nde meydana gelmiştir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda meydana gelen kaçakçılık faaliyetlerinin pek çok nedeni vardır. Ancak bizim bu çalışmadaki amacımız, Hemavend Aşireti’nin XIX. Yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren Adana vilayetine yerleşmeleriyle birlikte vilayet genelinde ekonomik sıkıntıların yanı sıra bölgede kaçakçılık faaliyetlerin neden olduğu asayiş sorunlarını tespit etmeye çalışmaktır. Bu bağlamda özellikle vilayet genelinde Hemavend Aşireti’nin tütün kaçakçılığı iddiaları üzerinde durmaktır. Bilhassa Hemavendlilerin Adana’ya yerleşme süreçleri, bölgedeki kaçakçılık faaliyetleri ve bu tür girişimlerin önlenmesi amacıyla alınan önlemler ele alınmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu çerçevede Adana Reji İdaresi, kaçakçılık ve Hemavend Aşireti’nin faaliyetlerine dair bu çalışmada arşiv belgelerinden ve vilayet salnamelerinden istifade edilmiştir.
Management of Fiscal and Financial Risks Generated by PPPs: Conceptual Issues and Country Experiences
Authors: Demaestri Edgardo C. , Moskovits Cynthia , Chiara Jimena
Published: September 2021

This paper discusses the main issues concerning sovereign fiscal and financial risks from public–private partnerships (PPPs) with a focus on contingent liabilities (CLs). It is based on the presentations and discussions that took place during the XI Annual Meeting of the Group of Latin American and the Caribbean Debt Management Specialists (LAC Debt Group), held in Barbados in August 2015. The main issues discussed include PPP risks assessment, institutional framework for PPP risk management, and accounting and reporting of CLs generated by PPPs. Six country cases (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Suriname, and Turkey) are presented to illustrate experiences with different degrees of development regarding the management of risks and CLs related to PPPs. The document concludes that PPP risk management should encompass the whole lifecycle of a PPP project, risks need to be identified and CLs must be estimated and monitored, and the institutional capacity of governments to evaluate and manage PPP risks plays a central role in the successful development of PPP contracts. Although institutional capacities in this regard have improved in recent years, estimations of CLs involved in PPPs are not regularly performed, and there is still room for improvement on the assessment, measurement, registration, budgeting, and reporting of risks and CLs related to PPPs.
Research Insights: Can Reminders Boost Vaccination Rates?
Authors: Busso Matías , Cristia Julian P. , Humpage Sarah D.
Published: September 2021

While families in rural Guatemala recognize the value of vaccination and mostly vaccinate their children at early ages, they often fail to follow through with the course of treatment, drastically reducing the probability of immunization. To encourage members of underserved communities to complete the vaccination cycle, community health workers were given monthly lists of children due for vaccination at the clinic, enabling them to send timely reminders to families. Reminders increased the likelihood that children completed their vaccination treatment by 2.2 percentage points in the treatment communities. For children in treatment communities who were due to receive a vaccine, and whose parents were expected to be reminded of the due date, the probability of vaccination completion increased by 4.6 percentage points.
Being Realistic about Kant’s Idealism (Translated by M. Rouba)
Authors: Rosefeldt Tobias
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with the question of whether Kant's transcendental idealism allows for an explanation of the a posteriori aspects of mental content by the properties of empirical objects. I first show that a phenomenalist interpretation has severe problems with assuming that we perceive an object as being red or as being cubical partly because the perceived object is red and cubical, and then present an interpretation that allows us to save the realistic intuition behind these claims. According to this interpretation, Kantian phenomenal properties are understood as response-dependent properties of extra-mental objects that also have to have some response-independent (in-itself-) properties. I show that this interpretation is well supported by Kant's remarks about the transcendental object in the A-edition of the first Critique and that it also makes intelligible why Kant took explanations of mental content by means of empirical properties to imply an explanation by means of noumenal properties without thereby violating his own doctrine of noumenal ignorance. This not only allows us to establish a realistic reading of Kant idealism but also to discern the true kernel in Adickes’ infamous talk about Kant's theory of double affection.
Peculiarities of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis and Structure Formation of TiB2-Al2O3 and CrB2-Al2O3 Composites
Authors: Mansurov Z.A. , Abdulkarimova D.S. , Odawara O. , Gubarevich A. , Rogachev A.S. , Shkodich N.F. , Kochetov N.N.
Published: September 2021

Preparation of TiB2-Al2O3 and CrB2-Al2O3 composites with a broad range of phase composition was  conducted by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) involving reaction of different types. The formation of fibrous crystals of aluminum oxide with length of about 10-25 microns and with diameter of 200-500 nm at self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in the system 2B2O3-Cr2O3-6A1 was established. Thermite mixtures of Al-TiO2 and Al-TiO2-B2O3 were incorporated with the Ti-B combustion system to produce the composites of TiB2-Al2O3, within which the increase of the thermite mixture for a higher content of Al2O3 decreased the reaction temperature and combustion wave velocity. This implies that the thermite reaction of Al with TiO2 reduces the exothermicity of the overall SHS process. It was found that adoption of B2O3 as one of the thermite reagents improved the product formation effectively. For investigate the combustion wave in 0.75TiO2-0.25Ti-2B-Al system the «quenching» method was used. The XRD analysis shows that the final products containing diborides and aluminium oxide.
Herpetological century: Centenary Anniversary of the Laboratory of Herpetology of the Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors:   Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ananjeva N. B. , Doronin I. V. ,   Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2021

The publication describes the history of the formation of the Department/Laboratory of Herpetology in the Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences and previously unknown facts of the biography of its staff. An overview of the events dedicated to the celebration of the centenary anniversary of the establishment of the Department is given.
The separation of powers and constitutional evolution of the system of public administration in modern Russia
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Sanzharevsky Igor I. , Kuznetsova Elena A. ,   Tambov State Technical University
Published: September 2021

The constitutional evolution of the system of state administration in modern Russia is considered based on the theory of treaty state. The system-forming features of the permanent process of separation of powers are the constitutional and monopoly exclusivity of powers. Monopoly exclusivity ensures, on the one hand, the dynamic stability of political systems, and, on the other, generates a unique disproportion based on the independence and self-sufficiency of the branches of government. The main directions of development and signs of separation of powers within the framework of existing theories are highlighted. A tool for analyzing the experience of institutional and organizational transit of the state and municipal management system is developed.
Specifics of PR activities of Russian municipal bodies in the context of the spread of COVID-19
Authors:   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Ziiatdinova Elmira M. , Fatikhova Diana R. ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Published: September 2021

This article examines some features of PR activities of local governments during the self-isolation regime introduced in March 2020 in connection with the spread of coronavirus infection. Based on content analysis of messages posted on the official accounts of three administrations of Russian cities with millions of people (Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Voronezh) in the social network Instagram, the authors determine prior directions of PR activities of local governments in a crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic.
Unevenness analysis of agricultural production in Russia
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Kochetygova Olga V. , Inozemtsev Evgeniy S. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Golovko Maria V. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Agriculture affects the food, economic and social security of the country. The unevenness of agricultural production is due to natural, climatic and economic factors, for example, the enlargement of enterprises, the introduction of efficient means and production technologies. The increase in territorial unevenness can lead to a shortage of food, its rise in price due to transport markup. Unevenness in the size of organizations also has socio-economic implications. The efficiency of agricultural production is growing, but competition and entrepreneurial activity are decreasing. An increase in social tension is possible in case of a single enterprise bankruptcy. Theoretical analysis. To assess the territorial unevenness of agricultural production, the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve were used. The unevenness of organizations in terms of revenue was estimated basing on the ABC analysis and the Pareto curve. Еmpirical analysis. Subjects of the Russian Federation with a predominance of forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming were excluded from the analysis. The Gini coefficient for the GVA of the regions of the Russian Federation in 2018 was 0.45, and in 2008 – 0.48. The territorial unevenness of agricultural production in 2009–2018 has slightly decreased. The Russian Federation regions typology made it possible to identify favorable, risky and unfavorable regions for agriculture and animal husbandry. Results. A significant unevenness of agricultural production both in the territorial context and in the size of organizations was revealed. For 2009–2018, territorial unevenness has decreased. The ABC analysis showed that 80% of revenue from the type of agricultural activity accounted for only 10.9% of active enterprises.
Correlation of international and regional (Muslim) concepts in the field of human rights
Authors:   Saratov State University, AL Khafaji Mohammed Abduladheem Neamah
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problems of correlation of international standards in the field of human rights, based on the liberal values of Western civilization, with regional acts of Muslim countries, correlating with Islam. The study analyzes various points of view of scientists on the issues of universalism of human rights and cultural relativism. The author adheres to the position that the content of human rights and freedoms in each specific community is heterogeneous and depends on its cultural, historical, religious and moral development. Theoretical analysis. The problem of the correlation of concepts in the field of human rights is primarily associated with the different approaches of the existing legal systems to the perception of human rights and freedoms. The theocentric approach, which is shared in the Muslim world, is the opposite of the liberal one, which is based on anthropocentricity. Most of the Muslim countries have signed and ratified international treaties on human rights, but made numerous reservations indicating the possibility of realizing a complex of human rights from the perspective of Islam. Empirical analysis. Despite the difference in views on the scope and content of human rights, Muslim countries strive to implement the international human rights standard. Regional acts of Muslim countries in the field of human rights, developed in the second half of the 20th century, have been severely criticized by human rights organizations on gender and family regulation, religious freedom, self-determination, etc. Currently, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation has developed a Declaration on Human Rights. offering a modern formulation of the position of Muslim countries on human rights. This act is aimed, on the one hand, at convergence of legal positions with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, on the other hand, it protects basic Islamic values. Results. The study of regional acts of Muslim countries in the field of human rights regulation, modern Muslim concepts of human rights allowed the author to conclude that Muslim countries strive not only to participate in the discussion on human rights, defending their civilizational identity, but also to find points of convergence of Islamic views on human rights with international standards.
Research of speech genres in artificial intelligence applications (identification of cognitive-speech actions forming a genre form)
Authors:   Perm State University, Salimovsky Vladimir A. , Devyatkin Dmitry A. ,   Artificial Intelligence Research Institute in Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” RAS, Kadzhaya Liudmila A. ,   Perm State University, Mishlanov Valery A. ,   Perm State University, Chudova Natalya V. ,   Artificial Intelligence Research Institute in Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” RAS
Published: September 2021

The paper proves that speech genres as forms of text production and interpretation claim to be one of the main objects of formal linguistic analysis in comprehensive papers on cognitive modeling – an intensively developing trend of artificial intelligence. Understanding a speech genre as a form of spiritual socio-cultural activity (artistic, scientific, political, ideological, etc.) at the level of its objectification through a system of speech actions in the text as a communication unit allows to describe the systems of speech genres in various spheres of communication. The authors analyze speech genres which objectify the main stages of an academic theoretical research. By means of artificial intelligence, the research solves the problem of recognition of the speaker’s intentions while performing cognitive-speech actions forming the genre form of a text. It contributes to the development of the fundamental problem of “understanding” the meaning of an utterance by a machine. The research is based on the interdisciplinary complex method of text analysis. In terms of software implementation, the offered approach obtains a small set of high-level linguistic features of the clauses with the templates and then trains classifiers on these features. In order to create templates, the authors carry out linguistic and psychological analysis that deals with identifying markers of cognitive and speech actions as accurately as possible in accordance with the standards of perception. In the course of our study, the authors have obtained high indexes of cognitive and speech action identification, ranging from 0.78 to 0.99.
Indirect responses in natural conversation
Authors:   Kaluga State University K. E. Tsiolkovsky, Ermakova Olga P.
Published: September 2021

By indirect answers we mean answers to general questions which do not correspond to “yes” and “no”, and answers to special questions which do not literally correlate with the question words who, what, where, etc. The article examines the types of indirect responses in different structural and semantic types of dialogue. The article analyzes the features of indirect answers determined by the predictive relationship of concepts: place-goal, place-time, etc. Particular attention is paid to answers containing assessment, not determineded by the content of questions, as well as question-answer turns with why and what for. The article focuses on the informative volume of indirect answers, their insufficiency and redundancy. Indirect questions are used rather frequently. It is not possible to classify all of them, but all of them are undoubtedly associated with certain types of dialogue, speech genres, speech situations and with the psychological type of communication partners. As noted earlier, the logical connection of the categories place-goal, placetime, goal-cause, etc. leads to reversibility and predictability of situations, and in certain speech genres to the interchangeability of designating categories in the form of indirect answers. A specific feature of the dialogue, observed in different speech genres, is the response containing the characteristic of the person mentioned in the question, instead of the information in which the speaker is interested. The analysis of these responses reveals the organic connection between the evaluation and the reason. The use of counter-questions, and first of all, why- and what for-remarks, is caused by the specific nature of this phenomenon, which, despite the thorough research of N. D. Arutyunova, allows to see some interesting features in it. The article uses recordings of oral speech and some works of fiction, reproducing spoken dialogue.
Structural and pragmatic aspects of the speech genre “treating to a meal”
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Institute of Philology and Language Communication, Zadorina Maria V.
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the colloquial speech genre of “home” communication “treating to a meal”. The relevance of this research is determined by the general interest of modern linguistics to colloquial speech and genre studies. The research is based on the analysis of spoken discourse fragments recorded in natural conditions (most of the fragments were collected by the method of participant observation). The author makes the following conclusions about the genre “treating to a meal”: the genre is used during the meals while receiving guests (the addressor is a host, the addressee – a guest, or guests) and during the meal of people living together (the addresser is often the one who does the cooking, the addressee – other household members); the genre has some gender peculiarities; “treating to a meal” is partially an etiquette genre, since its super-goal is to maintain contact and it is prompted by the role of the host or hostess in the house and by the situation of “eating together”. The author also focuses on the use of syntactic constructions. The basis of the sentences used in this genre are event propositions of physical action in the form of a structural scheme N4Vf.
On top-priority measures to improve the investment attractiveness of oil prospecting in energy transition
Authors: Sokolov Alexander V.
Published: September 2021

The country needs new, profitable «here and now» reserves that can slow the rate of oil production decline. In this regard, the subsoil manager urgently needs to take fundamental measures to raise investment in oil prospecting and to speed up the process. All hopes rest upon independent investors who have potential to accelerate and increase prospecting activity. In order to stimulate oil prospecting, the subsoil manager needs to take several steps towards independent investors.
Organization оf Qualitative Education of Music Students in the Conditions of Distance Education
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Lebid Yuliia , Sinelnikova Valentina ,   Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Pistunova Tetana ,   Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Tormakhova Veronika ,   Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Popova Alla ,   Private Institution of Higher Education “Kyiv University of Culture”, Sinenko Oksana ,   Private Institution of Higher Education “Kyiv University of Culture”
Published: September 2021

The relevance of the chosen direction of research is determined by the need to improve the higher education system in accordance with the requirements of postmodernism (synergy of educational systems; non-linear construction of the educational process in order to take into account the needs of each individual, change in the nature of pedagogical interaction to ensure the symmetry of relations of all participants in the educational process, change in the status of knowledge and, as a result, the emergence of the need to improve professional competence throughout life, the orientation of education to actualizing the creative potential of future specialists, etc.). Based on the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists, the features of distance education, its advantages and disadvantages are established, which are taken into account in further scientific research. Required solutions in order to ensure high-quality distance education for music students, as well as identified topical issues: creation of an organizational model of distance learning; selection of appropriate means and tools, taking into account the peculiarities of professional training of music students, as well as substantiation of the system of methodological support of distance learning in accordance with the cycle of disciplines and the purpose of the educational program. It was noted that distance education makes it possible to introduce innovative technologies into the process of professional training of musicians, to build an individual educational trajectory, taking into account the needs of students.
Region turystyczny a procesy globalizacji
Authors: Durydiwka Małgorzata , Kowalczyk Andrzej
Published: September 2021

Pojęcie regionu turystycznego od dawna jest jednym z kluczowych terminów używanych w geografii, w tym również w geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej. Wśród różnych rodzajów regionów wyróżnia się m.in. regiony turystyczne. Do głównych cech regionu turystycznego należą: jego spójność przestrzenna (zwartość) oraz odmienność względem otaczającego go obszaru. Cechy te przestają być jednak wyróżnikiem regionów turystycznych w dobie globalizacji. Wobec globalizacji turystyki pojęcie regionu zaczyna mieć inny sens niż dawniej, gdyż obecne regiony turystyczne są w dużej mierze otwarte (m.in. z powodu działalności na ich obszarze ponadnarodowych korporacji w rodzaju TUI AG), wykazują znaczny stopień unifikacji oferowanego produktu turystycznego oraz nie są w wystarczającej mierze zwarte przestrzennie. Oznacza to, że pojęcie regionu turystycznego zaczyna być mniej ostre niż dawniej, bądź też stopniowo traci sens.
Podmiejskie rezydencje burżuazji łódzkiej i ich funkcje wypoczynkowe dawniej i obecnie
Authors: Stejskał Jerzy
Published: September 2021

Artykuł jest próbą prześledzenia procu powstawania rezydencji podmiejskich łódzkiej burżuazji w oparciu o materiały archiwalne i badania terenowe. Przedstawione zostało rozmieszczenie obiektów w strefie podmiejskiej, przemiany funkcjonalne oraz próba typologii rezydencji w celu odnalezienia pierwowzoru powstających masowo po II wojnie światowej „drugich domów".
Turystyka w Załęczańskim Parku Krajobrazowym
Authors: Chrostowska Dorota , Wiluś Robert
Published: September 2021

Artykuł prezentuje atrakcyjność turystyczną oraz różnego rodzaju formy ruchu turystycznego, jakie wykształciły się na terenie Załęczańskiego Parku Krajobrazowego. Określono wielkość, sezonowość, strukturę demograficzny oraz zasięg przestrzenny migracji turystycznych.
Le travail du mépris dans le champ littéraire – le cas des poètes calvinistes du XVIe siècle
Authors: Wawrzyniak Natalia
Published: September 2021

Dans le siècle où les théories néo-platoniciennes imposent la prééminence de la poésie sur tout autre forme de discours, le mépris dirigé contre la poésie en général ou contre certains poètes en particulier accompagne la célébration des Lettres. Le corpus poétique protestant du XVIe siècle est souvent interprété à la lumière de l’idéal de la poésie religieuse (Véronique Ferrer, Julien Gœury, Christophe Bourgeois) ou du thème de la uanitas propre à la poésie morale baroque (Terence Cave, Michel Jeanneret, Michèle Clément). Dans le présent article, je m’efforce de présenter le mépris des Lettres, ou plus précisément des vers profanes comme un élément constituant d’une identité poétique calviniste à travers une étude de trois moments significatifs : la publication des premiers textes méta-discursifs de Jean Calvin et de Théodore de Bèze vers la moitié du XVIe siècle, la « querelle des Discours » des années 1562-1563, et finalement la publication des recueils protestants individuels et collectifs dans les années 1570 et 1580.
Les faces du mépris chez Villiers de l’Isle-Adam
Authors: Opiela-Mrozik Anna
Published: September 2021

L’article présente la genèse et les caractéristiques du mépris, ce sentiment et attitude complétés de dédain, qui constitue l’une des notions clés dans l’esthétique de Villiers de l’Isle-Adam. Le mépris, mis à l’aide de l’ironie au double service du « rêveur et railleur » en quête de la gloire, reste particulièrement protéiforme et révélateur de la philosophie villiérienne. À côté du mépris idéologique visant les valeurs matérialistes de la société bourgeoise qui détruit l’idéal, l’œuvre de Villiers fait voir le mépris scientifique dirigé contre l’idée du progrès, et le mépris journalistique, inspiré par les expériences de l’écrivain condamné à l’échec. Au niveau psychologique, le dédain peut être feint et le mépris présupposé, mais aussi inhérent à l’amour, ce qui conduit à un acte d’auto-dévalorisation. L’article analyse la lutte entre ces deux passions qui se déroule au moyen du langage et des gestes.
The Centrality of Language in Health Communication
Authors: Daniele Franca
Published: September 2021

Medical communication and health communication are two close relatives in the field of communication, where medical communication is the mother and health communication is the offspring. Medical communication engages the delivery of scientific, medical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological information and data to health professionals like doctors, pharmacists, nurses, etc. The information includes updates on the latest discoveries provided by the international scientific community. Therefore, the source of this type of communication is represented by medical and scientific publications reporting data generated from basic science and clinical research. Health communications are targeted toward the general public, where the source is represented by health communicators and journalists. In health communications, information is the result of some kind of intra-language translation that allows transformation of the original medical language into a common language. Therefore, health communication derives from rewritings of a complex medical language that cannot always be modified and acquainted to serve the general public. The aim of the present work was to evaluate, in medical communications, the linguistic elements that represent the hard core for the general public. Thus, a qualitative evaluation was carried out on medical abstracts assessing medical terminology and compound phrases. The results of this investigation point out that these two linguistic traits of medical language are especially difficult for the general public due to their particular specialized nature.
El subjuntivo en español e italiano: una descripción contrastiva
Authors: Bedoya Franklin Yessid Arias
Published: September 2021

En el panorama lingüístico hispanófono e italófono, el subjuntivo ha sido definido principalmente desde una perspectiva estructural con base en la noción de dependencia sintáctica. A partir del siglo XIX el enfoque semántico cobró relevancia y las nociones de realidad / irrealidad comenzaron a predominar en la definición de modo. Sin embargo, numerosas fuentes bibliográficas como Vásquez (2013), Stewart (2002) y Haverkate (2002) han revelado que el uso del subjuntivo no solo se limita a la aparición de un modalizador de posibilidad, hecho imaginario o potencial, sino que la intención del hablante y la presencia de inductores sin ningún valor de irrealidad pueden introducir formas de subjuntivo inexplicables desde una perspectiva puramente semántica o netamente sintáctica. El objetivo del presente artículo es identificar las principales distribuciones del subjuntivo en español e italiano. El análisis contrastivo, exploratorio, descriptivo y documental se limita a proposiciones completivas epistémicas y deónticas, oraciones relativas y subordinadas adverbiales, dadas las limitaciones de espacio.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF METHODS FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES IN NASAL SPRAY
Authors: Larskiy M. V. , Pozdnyakova A. E. , Khadzhieva Z. D. , Pozdnyakov D. I.
Published: September 2021

Intranasal administration of H1-histamine receptor blockers may be a promising approach to the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Earlier, an original composition of a nasal spray containing fexofenadine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate and demonstrating a high level of therapeutic efficacy, was developed.

The aim of the study was to develop and validate a method of the quantitative determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients fexofenadine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in a spray for intranasal administration.

Materials and methods. During the development and validation of the method of the fexofenadine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate quantitative determination in a nasal spray, the method of high performance liquid chromatography was used: a Dionex Ultimate 3000 UV chromatograph with a Luna C18 column (2) containing octadecylsilicagel with a 5 μm grain size as a sorbent. The analysis and validation procedures were performed in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, the XIVth edition.

Results. The study showed that for the simultaneous quantitative determination of fexofenadine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate, the optimal elution regime is a gradient mode with a mobile phase containing 50 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with methanol (45:55), which ensured the separation of the components in the 20 minutes interval. The validation procedures showed that the developed methodology correspond to all the criteria of validity in terms of the following indicators: correctness, precision, specificity and linearity in the analytical area.

Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography in a gradient elution mode with a mobile phase of the composition of a 50 mmol/L solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with methanol (45:55) for the simultaneous quantitative determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients – fexofenadine hydrochloride and ammonium glycyrrhizinate as parts of a promising nasal spray for the allergic rhinitis treatment.
STUDY OF THE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF NOVEL EPOR/CD131 HETERORECEPTOR AGONISTS IN MICE WITH ENDOTHELIAL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF MUTANT POLG GENE
Authors: Korokin М. В. , Kubekina M. V. , Deykin A. V. , Antsiferov O. V. , Pokrovskii V. M. , Korokina L. V. , Kartashkina N. L. , Soldatova V. A. , Kuzubova E. V. , Radchenko A. I. , Pokrovskii M. V.
Published: September 2021

The aim of the research was to study antiatherosclerotic and endothelial kinds of a protective activity of peptides mimicking an erythropoietin a-helix B tertiary structure with laboratory codes EP-11-1 (UEHLERALNSS), EP-11-2. (UEQLERALNCS), EP-11-3 (UEQLERALNTS).

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 96 C57Bl/6J male double transgenic Polgmut/mut/Cdh5-CRE mice. Atherosclerosis was induced by a balloon injury accompanied by Western diet. Then, for 27 days, the drugs under study were administered once per 3 days at the dose of 20 μg/kg. On the 28th day, the animals were euthanized and the area of atherosclerotic plaques was collected for an assessment. The expression of genes associated with the processes of inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis was determined in the tissues of the aorta. In addition, the endothelial protective effect of peptides in isolated segments of the thoracic aorta of wild and transgenic ransgenic Polgmut/mut mice was studied.

Results. The assessment of the plaque size in the animals with the Polgmut/mut/Cdh5-CRE genotype against the background of the peptides under study did not reveal statistically significant differences in comparison to control. However, a quantitative PCR showed a statistically significant decreased expression of pro-apoptotic factors p-53 and Bax, and also increase the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 against the background of the peptides EP-11-1 and EP-11-2 administration. The administration of EP-11-1 and the original peptide pHBSP resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Compounds EP-11-1, EP-11-2, and EP-11-3 were more effective than the original peptide pHBSP, in reducing the increased expression of genes for inflammatory markers iNos, intercellular adhesion molecules Icam-1, Vcam-1 and E-selectin. The use of EP-11-1 led to a more efficient, in comparison with pHBSP, restoration of endothelial-dependent vasodilation of the aortic segments in mice with endothelial-specific overexpression of the mutant Polg gene.

Conclusion. The study carried out on a murine model of the endothelial-specific expression of mutant gamma polymerase has shown that derivatives of the pHBSP peptide with laboratory codes EP-11-1, EP-11-2, EP-11-3, obtained by BLAST-searching for groups of pHBSP related peptides, have atheroprotective and endothelial protective kinds of a protective activity, which is more pronounced in comparison with the original peptide pHBSP.
Spatial Database Designing for Environmental Monitoring and Decision Making in Mitrovica Region, The Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Idrizi Bashkim , Maliqi Edon , Pashova Lyubka
Published: September 2021

The integration of spatial data analysis methods and thematic map models is an approach to reduce the negative impact of anthropogenic pressure on the environment due to mining and waste generation. The large amounts of industrial waste from mining in the Mitrovica region in northern Kosovo lead to serious environmental problems with organic and inorganic water and soil pollution. This study aims to design and establish a geospatial database for long-term environmental monitoring, provide analytical tools, and support appropriate management decisions by local authorities and agencies. The database contains topographical elements and ecological parameters collected from different national and open access international sources. All collected data have been analyzed, standardized and harmonized within the open-source QGIS ver.3 software. The results showed that in developed datasets were organized in different GIS layers and compiled several thematic maps. The designed database is unique by its architecture, providing an opportunity for periodical monitoring of the environment near the mining areas.

Keywords: Environmental monitoring; Spatial database; Open source software; QGIS; Kosovo.

 

Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember

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Fungsi Pengawasan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan dalam Peredaran Permen dengan Kandungan Tadalafil Sebagai Produk Obat
Authors: Ainnurroviq Rizky Faiz
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe circulation of candy with tadalafil content in the community needs a serious attention by BPOM. The product that is circulating in the community is closely related to the distribution permit. The product that has not been registered to BPOM because it is not listed in the list of drugs that already have permission from BPOM by the manufacturer or importer of the product and must be examined the legal status of the product. This study tries to explain the legality of candy products with tadalafil and the extent of BPOM's responsibility for the circulation of these products.Keywords: BPOM; Responsibility; Distribution Permit; Candy; Tadalafil.AbstrakBeredarnya permen dengan kandungan tadalafil di masyarakat perlu mendapat perhatian serius oleh BPOM. Melihat produk tersebut yang beredar di masyarakat erat kaitannya dengan adanya izin edar. Produk tersebut yang belum didaftarkan kepada BPOM karena tidak tercantum dalam dafttar obat yang sudah memiliki izin dari BPOM oleh pihak produsen atau pengimpor produk harus diteliti status hukum produk tersebut. Penelitian ini berusaha menjelaskan mengenai legalitas produk permen dengan tadalafil dan sejauh mana tanggung jawab BPOM terhadap peredaran produk tersebut. Kata Kunci: BPOM; Tanggung Jawab; Izin Edar; Permen; Tadalafil.