bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination, measurement, and validation of maximal aerobic speed
Authors: Balasekaran Govindasamy , Loh Mun Keong , Boey Peggy , Ng Yew Cheo
Published: May 2023

This study determined Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS) at a speed that utilizes maximal aerobic and minimal anaerobic contributions. This method of determining MAS was compared between endurance (ET) and sprint (ST) trained athletes. Nineteen and 21 healthy participants were selected for the determination and validation of MAS respectively. All athletes completed five exercise sessions in the laboratory. Participants validating MAS also ran an all-out 5000 m at the track. Oxygen uptake at MAS was at 96.09 ± 2.51% maximal oxygen consumption ($${{\dot{\rm{V}}}}\text{O}_{\text{2max}}$$

V
˙

O
2max

). MAS had a significantly higher correlation with velocity at lactate threshold (vLT), critical speed, 5000 m, time-to-exhaustion velocity at delta 50 in addition to 5% velocity at $${{\dot{\rm{V}}}}\text{O}_{\text{2max}}$$

V
˙

O
2max

(TlimυΔ50 + 5%v$${{\dot{\rm{V}}}}\text{O}_{\text{2max}}$$

V
˙

O
2max

), and Vsub%95 (υΔ50 or υΔ50 + 5%v$${{\dot{\rm{V}}}}\text{O}_{\text{2max}}$$

V
˙

O
2max

) compared with v$${{\dot{\rm{V}}}}\text{O}_{\text{2max}}$$

V
˙

O
2max

, and predicted 5000 m speed (R2 = 0.90, p < 0.001) and vLT (R2 = 0.96, p < 0.001). ET athletes achieved significantly higher MAS (16.07 ± 1.58 km·h−1 vs. 12.77 ± 0.81 km·h−1, p ≤ 0.001) and maximal aerobic energy (EMAS) (52.87 ± 5.35 ml·kg−1·min−1 vs. 46.42 ± 3.38 ml·kg−1·min−1, p = 0.005) and significantly shorter duration at MAS (ET: 678.59 ± 165.44 s; ST: 840.28 ± 164.97 s, p = 0.039). ST athletes had significantly higher maximal speed (35.21 ± 1.90 km·h−1, p < 0.001) at a significantly longer distance (41.05 ± 3.14 m, p = 0.003) in the 50 m sprint run test. Significant differences were also observed in 50 m sprint performance (p < 0.001), and peak post-exercise blood lactate (p = 0.005). This study demonstrates that MAS is more accurate at a percentage of v$${{\dot{\rm{V}}}}\text{O}_{\text{2max}}$$

V
˙

O
2max

than at v$${{\dot{\rm{V}}}}\text{O}_{\text{2max}}$$

V
˙

O
2max

. The accurate calculation of MAS can be used to predict running performances with lower errors (Running Energy Reserve Index Paper).
Happiness predicts compliance with preventive health behaviours during Covid-19 lockdowns
Authors: Krekel Christian , Swanke Sarah , De Neve Jan-Emmanuel , Fancourt Daisy
Published: May 2023

To combat the public health crisis of Covid-19, governments and public health officials have been asking individuals to substantially change their behaviours for prolonged periods of time. Are happier people more willing to comply with such measures? Using independent, large-scale surveys covering about 79,000 adult respondents across 29 countries, including longitudinal data from the UK, we find that life satisfaction predicts compliance with preventive health behaviours during Covid-19 lockdowns, especially the number of weekdays stood at home (β = 0.02, p < 0.01). The association is stronger for higher levels of life satisfaction (e.g. β = 0.19, p < 0.01, 7 on a 0-to-10 scale). Lower life satisfaction, on the contrary, predicts lower compliance (e.g. β = 0.02, p > 0.10, 2 on a 0-to-10 scale). We explore risk-avoidance and pro-social motivations for this relationship, and find suggestive evidence that people who are older or have certain medical preconditions seem to be behave in line with risk-avoidance, whereas motivations of people who are less at risk of Covid-19 seem more mixed. While it is difficult to estimate the relationship between life satisfaction and compliance behaviour due to potential confounders and unobserved heterogeneity, our findings suggest that life satisfaction is important, both for complying with preventive health measures and as a policy end in itself.
Selective area multilayer graphene synthesis using resistive nanoheater probe
Authors: Torres Ingrid , Aghaei Sadegh Mehdi , Pala Nezih , Gaitas Angelo
Published: May 2023

Graphene has been a material of interest due to its versatile properties and wide variety of applications. However, production has been one of the most challenging aspects of graphene and multilayer graphene (MLG). Most synthesis techniques require elevated temperatures and additional steps to transfer graphene or MLG to a substrate, which compromises the integrity of the film. In this paper, metal-induced crystallization is explored to locally synthesize MLG directly on metal films, creating an MLG-metal composite and directly on insulating substrates with a moving resistive nanoheater probe at much lower temperature conditions (~ 250 °C). Raman spectroscopy shows that the resultant carbon structure has properties of MLG. The presented tip-based approach offers a much simpler MLG fabrication solution by eliminating the photolithographic and transfer steps of MLG.
Brain activity associated with quadriceps strength deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Criss Cody R. , Lepley Adam S. , Onate James A. , Clark Brian C. , Simon Janet E. , France Christopher R. , Grooms Dustin R.
Published: May 2023

Prolonged treatment resistant quadriceps weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) contributes to re-injury risk, poor patient outcomes, and earlier development of osteoarthritis. The origin of post-injury weakness is in part neurological in nature, but it is unknown whether regional brain activity is related to clinical metrics of quadriceps weakness. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to better understand the neural contributions to quadriceps weakness after injury by evaluating the relationship between brain activity for a quadriceps-dominated knee task (repeated cycles of unilateral knee flexion/extension from 45° to 0°), , and strength asymmetry in individuals returned to activity after ACL-R. Forty-four participants were recruited (22 with unilateral ACL reconstruction; 22 controls) and peak isokinetic knee extensor torque was assessed at 60°/s to calculate quadriceps limb symmetry index (Q-LSI, ratio of involved/uninvolved limb). Correlations were used to determine the relationship of mean % signal change within key sensorimotor brain regions and Q-LSI. Brain activity was also evaluated group wise based on clinical recommendations for strength (Q-LSI < 90%, n = 12; Q-LSI ≥ 90%, n = 10; controls, all n = 22 Q-LSI ≥ 90%). Lower Q-LSI was related to increased activity in the contralateral premotor cortex and lingual gyrus (p < .05). Those who did not meet clinical recommendations for strength demonstrated greater lingual gyrus activity compared to those who met clinical recommendations Q-LSI ≥ 90 and healthy controls (p < 0.05). Asymmetrically weak ACL-R patients displayed greater cortical activity than patients with no underlying asymmetry and healthy controls.
Machine learning-based country-level annual air pollutants exploration using Sentinel-5P and Google Earth Engine
Authors: Halder Bijay , Ahmadianfar Iman , Heddam Salim , Mussa Zainab Haider , Goliatt Leonardo , Tan Mou Leong , Sa’adi Zulfaqar , Al-Khafaji Zainab , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Jawad Ali H. , Yaseen Zaher Mundher
Published: May 2023

Climatic condition is triggering human health emergencies and earth’s surface changes. Anthropogenic activities, such as built-up expansion, transportation development, industrial works, and some extreme phases, are the main reason for climate change and global warming. Air pollutants are increased gradually due to anthropogenic activities and triggering the earth’s health. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) are truthfully important for air quality measurement because those air pollutants are more harmful to the environment and human’s health. Earth observational Sentinel-5P is applied for monitoring the air pollutant and chemical conditions in the atmosphere from 2018 to 2021. The cloud computing-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform is applied for monitoring those air pollutants and chemical components in the atmosphere. The NO2 variation indicates high during the time because of the anthropogenic activities. Carbon Monoxide (CO) is also located high between two 1-month different maps. The 2020 and 2021 results indicate AQI change is high where 2018 and 2019 indicates low AQI throughout the year. The Kolkata have seven AQI monitoring station where high nitrogen dioxide recorded 102 (2018), 48 (2019), 26 (2020) and 98 (2021), where Delhi AQI stations recorded 99 (2018), 49 (2019), 37 (2020), and 107 (2021). Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, and Chennai recorded huge fluctuations of air pollutants during the study periods, where ~ 50–60% NO2 was recorded as high in the recent time. The AOD was noticed high in Uttar Pradesh in 2020. These results indicate that air pollutant investigation is much necessary for future planning and management otherwise; our planet earth is mostly affected by the anthropogenic and climatic conditions where maybe life does not exist.
Pharmacological inhibition of BCL-2 with the FDA-approved drug venetoclax impairs longitudinal bone growth
Authors: Velentza Lilly , Wickström Malin , Kogner Per , Ohlsson Claes , Zaman Farasat , Sävendahl Lars
Published: May 2023

Treatment-related skeletal complications are common in childhood cancer patients and survivors. Venetoclax is a BCL-2 inhibitor that has shown efficacy in hematological malignancies in adults and is being investigated in pediatric cancer clinical trials as a promising therapeutic modality. Venetoclax triggers cell death in cancer cells, but whether it exerts similar effects in normal bone cells, is unknown. Chondrogenic ATDC5 cells, E20 fetal rat metatarsal bones, and human growth plate biopsies were treated with different concentrations of venetoclax. Female NMRI nu/nu mice were treated with venetoclax or vehicle for 15 days. Mice were X-rayed at baseline and at the end of the experiment to assess longitudinal bone growth and body weight was monitored throughout the study. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate treatment effects on the growth plate cartilage. Venetoclax decreased the viability of chondrocytes and impaired the growth of ex vivo cultured metatarsals while reducing the height of the resting/proliferative zone and the hypertrophic cell size. When tested in vivo, venetoclax suppressed bone growth and reduced growth plate height. Our experimental data suggest that venetoclax directly targets growth plate chondrocytes suppressing bone growth and we, therefore, encourage careful monitoring of longitudinal bone growth if treating growing children with venetoclax.
An R&D perspective on international trade and sustainable development
Authors: Costantini Lorenzo , Laio Francesco , Ridolfi Luca , Sciarra Carla
Published: May 2023

Research and Development (R&D) is the common denominator of innovation and technological progress, supporting sustainable development and economic growth. In light of the availability of new datasets and innovative indicators, in this work, we introduce a novel perspective to analyse the international trade of goods through the lenses of the nexus R&D-industrial activities of countries. We propose two new indices, RDE and RDI, summarizing the R&D content of countries’ export and import baskets—respectively—and investigate their evolution in time, during the period 1995–2017, and space. We demonstrate the potential of these indices to shed new light on the evolution of R&D choices and trade, innovation, and development. In fact, compared to standard measures of countries’ development and economic growth (e.g., the Human Development Index among the others tested), these indices provide complementary information. In particular, tracing the trajectories of countries along the RDE-HDI plane, different dynamics appear for countries with increased HDI, which we speculate can be reasoned with countries’ availability of natural resources. Eventually, we identify two insightful applications of the indices to investigate further countries’ environmental performances as related to their role in international trade.
Indel driven rapid evolution of core nuclear pore protein gene promoters
Authors: McQuarrie David W. J. , Read Adam M. , Stephens Frannie H. S. , Civetta Alberto , Soller Matthias
Published: May 2023

Nuclear pore proteins (Nups) prominently are among the few genes linked to speciation from hybrid incompatibility in Drosophila. These studies have focused on coding sequence evolution of Nup96 and Nup160 and shown evidence of positive selection driving nucleoporin evolution. Intriguingly, channel Nup54 functionality is required for neuronal wiring underlying the female post-mating response induced by male-derived sex-peptide. A region of rapid evolution in the core promoter of Nup54 suggests a critical role for general transcriptional regulatory elements at the onset of speciation, but whether this is a general feature of Nup genes has not been determined. Consistent with findings for Nup54, additional channel Nup58 and Nup62 promoters also rapidly accumulate insertions/deletions (indels). Comprehensive examination of Nup upstream regions reveals that core Nup complex gene promoters accumulate indels rapidly. Since changes in promoters can drive changes in expression, these results indicate an evolutionary mechanism driven by indel accumulation in core Nup promoters. Compensation of such gene expression changes could lead to altered neuronal wiring, rapid fixation of traits caused by promoter changes and subsequently the rise of new species. Hence, the nuclear pore complex may act as a nexus for species-specific changes via nucleo-cytoplasmic transport regulated gene expression.
Ultrathin acoustic metamaterial as super absorber for broadband low-frequency underwater sound
Authors: Zhou Xindong , Wang Xiaochen , Xin Fengxian
Published: May 2023

In this work, an ultrathin acoustic metamaterial formed by space-coiled water channels with a rubber coating is proposed for underwater sound absorption. The proposed metamaterial achieves perfect sound absorption ($$\alpha$$
α
 > 0.99) at 181 Hz, which has a deep subwavelength thickness ($$\lambda {/}162$$

λ
/
162

). The theoretical prediction is consistent with the numerical simulation, which demonstrate the broadband low-frequency sound absorption performance of the proposed super absorber. The introduction of rubber coating leads to a significant decrease of the effective sound speed in the water channel, resulting in the phenomenon of slow-sound propagation. From the perspective of numerical simulations and acoustic impedance analysis, it is proved that the rubber coating on the channel boundary causes slow-sound propagation with inherent dissipation, which is the key to meet the impedance matching condition and achieve perfect low-frequency sound absorption. Parametric studies are also carried out to investigate the effect of specific structural and material parameters on sound absorption. By tailoring key geometric parameters, an ultra-broadband underwater sound absorber is constructed, with a perfect absorption range of 365–900 Hz and a deep subwavelength thickness of 33 mm. This work paves a new way for designing underwater acoustic metamaterials and controlling underwater acoustic waves.
Nonlinear and machine learning analyses on high-density EEG data of math experts and novices
Authors: Poikonen Hanna , Zaluska Tomasz , Wang Xiaying , Magno Michele , Kapur Manu
Published: May 2023

Current trend in neurosciences is to use naturalistic stimuli, such as cinema, class-room biology or video gaming, aiming to understand the brain functions during ecologically valid conditions. Naturalistic stimuli recruit complex and overlapping cognitive, emotional and sensory brain processes. Brain oscillations form underlying mechanisms for such processes, and further, these processes can be modified by expertise. Human cortical functions are often analyzed with linear methods despite brain as a biological system is highly nonlinear. This study applies a relatively robust nonlinear method, Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD), to classify cortical functions of math experts and novices when they solve long and complex math demonstrations in an EEG laboratory. Brain imaging data, which is collected over a long time span during naturalistic stimuli, enables the application of data-driven analyses. Therefore, we also explore the neural signature of math expertise with machine learning algorithms. There is a need for novel methodologies in analyzing naturalistic data because formulation of theories of the brain functions in the real world based on reductionist and simplified study designs is both challenging and questionable. Data-driven intelligent approaches may be helpful in developing and testing new theories on complex brain functions. Our results clarify the different neural signature, analyzed by HFD, of math experts and novices during complex math and suggest machine learning as a promising data-driven approach to understand the brain processes in expertise and mathematical cognition.
Uncertainties surrounding the oldest fossil record of diatoms
Authors: Bryłka Karolina , Alverson Andrew J. , Pickering Rebecca A. , Richoz Sylvain , Conley Daniel J.
Published: May 2023

Molecular clocks estimate that diatom microalgae, one of Earth’s foremost primary producers, originated near the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (200 Ma), which is close in age to the earliest, generally accepted diatom fossils of the genus Pyxidicula. During an extensive search for Jurassic diatoms from twenty-five sites worldwide, three sites yielded microfossils initially recognized as diatoms. After applying stringent safeguards and evaluation criteria, however, the fossils found at each of the three sites were rejected as new diatom records. This led us to systematically reexamine published evidence in support of Lower- and Middle-Jurassic Pyxidicula fossils. Although Pyxidicula resembles some extant radial centric diatoms and has character states that may have been similar to those of ancestral diatoms, we describe numerous sources of uncertainty regarding the reliability of these records. We conclude that the Lower Jurassic Pyxidicula fossils were most likely calcareous nannofossils, whereas the Middle Jurassic Pyxidicula species has been reassigned to the Lower Cretaceous and is likely a testate amoeba, not a diatom. Excluding the Pyxidicula fossils widens the gap between the estimated time of origin and the oldest abundant fossil diatom record to 75 million years. This study underscores the difficulties in discovering and validating ancient microfossils.
The impact of methicillin resistance on clinical outcome among patients with Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis: a retrospective cohort study of 482 cases
Authors: Wu Hongri , Jia Chao , Wang Xiaohua , Shen Jie , Tan Jiulin , Wei Zhiyuan , Wang Shulin , Sun Dong , Xie Zhao , luo Fei
Published: May 2023

This study was designed to evaluate the impact of methicillin resistance on the outcomes among patients with S. aureus osteomyelitis. We reviewed all extremity osteomyelitis patients treated in our clinic center between 2013 and 2020. All adult patients with S. aureus pathogen infection were included. Clinical outcome in terms of infection control, length of hospital stay, and complications were observed at the end of a 24‐month follow‐up and retrospectively analyzed between populations with/without methicillin resistance. In total, 482 osteomyelitis patients due to S. aureus were enrolled. The proportion of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 17% (82) and 83% (400) of patients had Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Of 482 patients, 13.7% (66) presented with infection persistence after initial debridement and antibiotic treatment (6 weeks), needed repeated debridement, 8.5% (41) had recurrence after all treatment end and a period infection cure, complications were observed in 17 (3.5%) patients (pathologic fracture; 4, nonunion; 5, amputation; 8) at final follow-up. Following multivariate analysis, we found patients with S. aureus osteomyelitis due to MRSA are more likely to develop a persistent infection (OR: 2.26; 95% CI 1.24–4.13) compared to patients with MSSA. Patients infected with MRSA also suffered more complications (8.5% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.015) and longer hospital stays (median: 32 vs. 23 days, p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in recurrence. The data indicated Methicillin resistance had adverse clinical implication for infection persistence among patients with S. aureus osteomyelitis. These results will help for patients counsel and preparation for treatment.
Peripheral retinal vessel whitening in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kalaw Fritz Gerald P. , Sharma Paripoorna , Kako Rasha Nabil , Walker Evan , Borooah Shyamanga
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to identify retinal vessel whitening outside the standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) fields and to correlate the findings with vision and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Patients with diabetes mellitus who were seen in the retinal clinic to assess diabetic retinopathy status were included. Retinal vessel whitening was identified using ultra-widefield imaging. Four hundred and forty-five eyes of 260 patients were included. Thirty-five eyes in 24 patients (7.9%) were noted to have peripheral retinal vessel whitening. Thirty-one eyes with peripheral retinal vessel whitening did not have vessel whitening within the standard 7 ETDRS fields (p < 0.001). The proportion of whitening increased as DR severity increased, from 4.0% for patients with no DR (OR 0.249) to 33.3% for those with severe NPDR and PDR (OR 6.430 and 7.232, respectively). In addition, patients with peripheral retinal vessel whitening had worse visual acuity (logMAR = 0.34) compared to those without (logMAR = 0.15) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we found an association between peripheral retinal vessel whitening in diabetic patients which correlated with diabetic retinopathy severity. Additionally, we found an association between vessel whitening and reduced vision, suggesting that vessel whitening identified using ultra-widefield imaging may be a prognostic indicator of vision in diabetic retinopathy.
Combined structural analysis and cathodoluminescence investigations of single Pr3+-doped Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets
Authors: Changizi Rasa , Zaefferer Stefan , Ziegler Christian , Romaka Vitaliy , Lotsch Bettina V. , Scheu Christina
Published: May 2023

Due to the novel properties of both 2D materials and rare-earth elements, developing 2D rare-earth nanomaterials has a growing interest in research. To produce the most efficient rare-earth nanosheets, it is essential to find out the correlation between chemical composition, atomic structure and luminescent properties of individual sheets. In this study, 2D nanosheets exfoliated from Pr3+-doped KCa2Nb3O10 particles with different Pr concentrations were investigated. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicates that the nanosheets contain Ca, Nb and O and a varying Pr content between 0.9 and 1.8 at%. K was completely removed after exfoliation. The crystal structure is monoclinic as in the bulk. The thinnest nanosheets are 3 nm corresponding to one triple perovskite-type layer with Nb on the B sites and Ca on the A sites, surrounded by charge compensating TBA+ molecules. Thicker nanosheets of 12 nm thickness (and above) were observed too by transmission electron microscopy with the same chemical composition. This indicates that several perovskite-type triple layers remain stacked similar to the bulk. Luminescent properties of individual 2D nanosheets were studied using a cathodoluminescence spectrometer revealing additional transitions in the visible region in comparison to the spectra of different bulk phases.
Operational forecasts of wave-driven water levels and coastal hazards for US Gulf and Atlantic coasts
Authors: Stockdon Hilary F. , Long Joseph W. , Palmsten Margaret L. , Van der Westhuysen Andre , Doran Kara S. , Snell Richard J.
Published: May 2023

Predictions of total water levels, the elevation of combined tides, surge, and wave runup at the shoreline, are necessary to provide guidance on potential coastal erosion and flooding. Despite the importance of early warning systems for these hazards, existing real-time meteorological and oceanographic forecast systems at regional and national scales, until now, have lacked estimates of runup necessary to predict wave-driven overwash and erosion. To address this need, we present an approach that includes wave runup in an operational, national-scale modeling system. Using this system, we quantify the contribution of waves to potential dune erosion events along 4,700 km of U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico sandy coastlines for a one-year period. Dune erosion events were predicted to occur at over 80% of coastal locations, where waves dominated shoreline total water levels, representing 73% of the signal. This shows that models that neglect the wave component underestimate the hazard. This new, national-scale operational modeling system provides communities with timely, local-scale (0.5 km resolution) coastal hazard warnings for all wave conditions, allowing for rapid decision-making related to safety and emergency management. The modeling system also enables continued research into wave-driven processes at a broad range of coastal areas.
Unsupervised meta-clustering identifies risk clusters in acute myeloid leukemia based on clinical and genetic profiles
Authors: Eckardt Jan-Niklas , Röllig Christoph , Metzeler Klaus , Heisig Peter , Stasik Sebastian , Georgi Julia-Annabell , Kroschinsky Frank , Stölzel Friedrich , Platzbecker Uwe , Spiekermann Karsten , Krug Utz , Braess Jan , Görlich Dennis , Sauerland Cristina , Woermann Bernhard , Herold Tobias , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Serve Hubert , Baldus Claudia D. , Schäfer-Eckart Kerstin , Kaufmann Martin , Krause Stefan W. , Hänel Mathias , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Schliemann Christoph , Mayer Jiri , Hanoun Maher , Schetelig Johannes , Wendt Karsten , Bornhäuser Martin , Thiede Christian , Middeke Jan Moritz
Published: May 2023

Background

Increasingly large and complex biomedical data sets challenge conventional hypothesis-driven analytical approaches, however, data-driven unsupervised learning can detect inherent patterns in such data sets.

Methods

While unsupervised analysis in the medical literature commonly only utilizes a single clustering algorithm for a given data set, we developed a large-scale model with 605 different combinations of target dimensionalities as well as transformation and clustering algorithms and subsequent meta-clustering of individual results. With this model, we investigated a large cohort of 1383 patients from 59 centers in Germany with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia for whom 212 clinical, laboratory, cytogenetic and molecular genetic parameters were available.

Results

Unsupervised learning identifies four distinct patient clusters, and statistical analysis shows significant differences in rate of complete remissions, event-free, relapse-free and overall survival between the four clusters. In comparison to the standard-of-care hypothesis-driven European Leukemia Net (ELN2017) risk stratification model, we find all three ELN2017 risk categories being represented in all four clusters in varying proportions indicating unappreciated complexity of AML biology in current established risk stratification models. Further, by using assigned clusters as labels we subsequently train a supervised model to validate cluster assignments on a large external multicenter cohort of 664 intensively treated AML patients.

Conclusions

Dynamic data-driven models are likely more suitable for risk stratification in the context of increasingly complex medical data than rigid hypothesis-driven models to allow for a more personalized treatment allocation and gain novel insights into disease biology.
Multi-FID Detected 2D NMR
Authors: Yong J. R. J. , Kupče Ēriks , Claridge T. D. W.
Published: May 2023

This chapter will describe various approaches to fast 2D NMR data acquisition through the use of multi-FID detection schemes. These provide routes to time-efficient data collection often with improved sensitivity per unit time through the recording of multiple data sets within a single experiment. These include methods that employ detection of a single nuclear species as required on single-receiver instruments, as well as those that exploit the more recent multi-receiver instrument architectures that enable the direct acquisition of responses from two or more nuclear species in one experiment. We introduce general strategies for multi-FID detection, namely sequential, simultaneous (parallel), and interleaved acquisition. These are illustrated using time-shared schemes and those that utilise sequential FID detection to exploit a single magnetisation reservoir multiple times. Next, the modular NOAH (NMR by ordered acquisition using 1H detection) experiments are described which aim to exploit different, isotope-dependent 1H magnetisation reservoirs within a molecule to record multiple 2D spectra in one experiment. Finally, the use of multiple receivers in heteronuclear correlation experiments is described. The crafted combination of multiple NMR techniques into a single experiment leads to the general concept of NMR supersequences as a class of fast 2D methods.
The Non-uniform Sampling of 2D NMR Data
Authors: Shchukina Alexandra , Kasprzak Paweł , Urbańczyk Mateusz , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof
Published: May 2023

Conventional acquisition of two-dimensional (2D) NMR signals is based on an equidistant sampling in both time dimensions. The expected signal bandwidth determines the minimum sampling rate; the desired spectral resolution determines the maximum sampling time. Together, these two principles contribute to a minimum number of sampling points required for satisfactory spectrum quality. Additionally, it takes a few seconds for nuclei to relax between the acquisition of consecutive FID signals in a 2D interferogram. These three requirements cause 2D NMR experiments to last even tens of hours, in extreme cases. One of the standard methods to avoid lengthy data collection is to omit a significant proportion of sampling points during acquisition and reconstruct them later using dedicated algorithms. Such an approach to data acquisition is known as non-uniform sampling (NUS). The reconstruction algorithms exploit specific features of the measured signal, usually some form of compressibility. In this chapter, we will discuss the fundamentals of NUS methods including (a) motivation to use NUS in 2D NMR; (b) basic math behind the reconstruction algorithms; (c) commonly used distributions of sampling points; and (d) the use of related approaches in diffusometry, relaxometry, serial experiments and pure-shift NMR.
Fast 2D NMR for Reaction and Process Monitoring
Authors: Bazzoni M. , Lorandel B. , Lhoste C. , Giraudeau P. , Dumez J.-N.
Published: May 2023

Real-time monitoring methods are essential to the understanding and control of chemical reactions. NMR spectroscopy is particularly well suited for this purpose. It can provide quantitative information and offers great versatility in the analytical setup, making it possible to monitor reactions in chemically relevant conditions and to access sub-second timescales. 2D NMR experiments can play a crucial role in cases of peak overlap in the spectra or when structural information is sought for species transiently formed during the reaction. However, in their conventional form, 2D experiments typically require several minutes or more to acquire a full data set. In this chapter, we show how fast 2D NMR methods make it possible to push the limits of what can be monitored with NMR spectroscopy. First, we describe the motivation to use fast 2D NMR methods for reaction monitoring. Several methods for fast 2D NMR experiments have been exploited for reaction monitoring, in particular non-uniform sampling (NUS) and ultrafast 2D NMR. We also describe and compare the key features of experimental setups for reaction monitoring, such as benchtop spectrometers, flow-NMR setups, and fast-mixing apparatus. We then discuss applications in chemical synthesis and catalysis, which illustrate the potential of fast 2D NMR methods.
Fast 2D NMR and Hyperpolarization
Authors: Gautam Anshul , Hilty Christian
Published: May 2023

This chapter presents an overview of both the methodology and applications of fast two-dimensional (2D) NMR using nuclear spin hyperpolarization. Fast 2D NMR methods extend the information available from NMR experiments through spin correlations while allowing the utilization of large signals from hyperpolarized spins for the study of fast processes. Hyperpolarization methods typically provide orders of magnitude in NMR signal enhancement. In many cases, however, the mechanism of generating hyperpolarization imposes a technical limit on the number of repetitions of an experiment. Conventional multi-dimensional NMR methods, which rely on re-polarization of spins between each scan, are therefore not directly applicable. Two-dimensional or pseudo 2D NMR experiments can nevertheless be implemented using specific techniques such as ultrafast pulsed-field gradient encoding, sequential scanning with scan-to-scan preservation of spin polarization, or off-resonance decoupling. Intermolecular or intramolecular spin polarization transfer and the observation of correlations between reactants and products can be integrated into these experiments. These and other techniques can be used for the determination of mechanisms in fast chemical reactions or the elucidation of molecular interactions. Applications targeting small molecules, as well as biological macromolecules, protein structure, and protein folding, have been demonstrated.
In situ preparation of compounds using silanized mPEG inspired by talc-like structures
Authors: Dzene Liva , Schuller Anne-Sophie , Tidas Frédéryck , Rigolet Séverinne , Brendlé Jocelyne , Delaite Christelle
Published: May 2023

New compounds inspired by a talc-like structure were prepared using silanized poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) as a source of silicon.
Tuning the mechanical properties of dicyanamide-based molecular perovskites
Authors: Grover Shivani , Burger Stefan , Butler Keith T. , Hemmer Karina , Vervoorts Pia , Kieslich Gregor , Grau-Crespo Ricardo
Published: May 2023

By combining lattice dynamic calculations and high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction, the mechanical properties of a series of dicyanamide-based molecular perovskites are studied.
Synthesis and characterization of heterometallic rings templated through alkylammonium or imidazolium cations
Authors: Alotaibi Rajeh , Booth Amy , Little Edmund , Brookfield Adam , Achari Amritroop , Lockyer Selena J. , Timco Grigore A. , Whitehead George F. S. , Vitórica-Yrezábal Iñigo J. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Nair Rahul R. , Collison David , Winpenny Richard E. P.
Published: May 2023

Seven new heterometallic {CrxZny} rings are reported, ranging in size from octametallic to tetradecametallic; their structures, magnetism and EPR spectra are reported.
Structural composition of antibacterial zinc-doped geopolymers
Authors: Kang Xiaojuan , Ye Hailong
Published: May 2023

The structural model of amorphous Zn-modified sodium-aluminosilicate-hydrate (Na2O–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O, N–A–S–H) gel in geopolymers, as well as its molecular-scale degradation mechanisms under microbial corrosion.
Effects of surfactant head group modification on vertically oriented mesoporous silica produced by the electrochemically assisted surfactant assembly method
Authors: Mohamed Nabil A. N. , Han Yisong , Harcourt-Vernon Sarah , Hector Andrew L. , Houghton Anthony R. , Reid Gillian , Williams Daryl R. , Zhang Wenjian
Published: May 2023

Electrochemically assisted surfactant assembly of vertically aligned porous silica films is described using a series of cationic surfactants with increasing head sizes of the form [C18R3N]Br, (C18 = octadecyl; R3 = Me3, Me2Et, MeEt2 or Et3).
Correction: SARS-CoV-2 suppression depending on the pH of graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Islam Md. Saidul , Fukuda Masahiro , Hossain Md. Jakir , Rabin Nurun Nahar , Tagawa Ryuta , Nagashima Mami , Sadamasu Kenji , Yoshimura Kazuhisa , Sekine Yoshihiro , Ikeda Terumasa , Hayami Shinya
Published: May 2023

Correction for ‘SARS-CoV-2 suppression depending on the pH of graphene oxide nanosheets’ by Md. Saidul Islam et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NA00084B.
Boosting high-rate lithium storage in Li3VO4via a honeycomb structure design and electrochemical reconstruction
Authors: Bai Xiaomeng , Li Daobo , Zhang Dongmei , Yang Song , Pei Cunyuan , Sun Bing , Ni Shibing
Published: May 2023

A concise electrospraying approach was developed to synthesize novel Li3VO4/C honeycombs comprised of Li3VO4@C nanoparticles, which show an unprecedented high-rate lifespan, demonstrating great potential toward high-power applications.
Therapy Outcomes for Teenage Athletes With Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Olson-Greb Bryn , Braden Maia , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

This study examined treatment outcomes of speech-language pathology intervention addressing exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) symptoms in teenage athletes.

Method:

A prospective cohort design was utilized; teenagers diagnosed with EILO completed questionnaires during initial EILO evaluations, posttherapy, 3-month posttherapy, and 6-month posttherapy. Questionnaires examined the frequency of breathing problems, the use of the techniques taught in therapy, and the use of inhaler. Patients completed the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) inventory at all time points.

Results:

Fifty-nine patients completed baseline questionnaires. Of these, 38 were surveyed posttherapy, 32 at 3-month posttherapy, and 27 at 6-month posttherapy. Patients reported more frequent and complete activity participation immediately posttherapy (
p
= .017) as well as reduced inhaler use (
p
= .036). Patients also reported a significant reduction in the frequency of breathing problems 6-month posttherapy (
p
= .015). Baseline PedsQL physical and psychosocial scores were below normative range and were not impacted by therapy. Baseline physical PedsQL score significantly predicted frequency of breathing difficulty 6-month posttherapy (
p
= .04), as better baseline scores were associated with fewer residual symptoms.

Conclusions:

Therapy with a speech-language pathologist for EILO allowed for more frequent physical activity following therapy completion and decreased dyspnea symptoms 6-month posttherapy. Therapy was associated with a decrease in inhaler use. PedsQL scores indicated mildly poor health-related quality of life even after EILO symptoms improved. Findings support therapy as an effective treatment for EILO in teenage athletes and suggest that dyspnea symptoms may continue to improve following discharge as patients continue using therapy techniques.
Sources of Misinterpretation in the Input and Their Implications for Language Intervention With English-Speaking Children
Authors: Leonard Laurence B. , Deevy Patricia , Bredin-Oja Shelley L. , Schroeder Mariel Lee
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

In English and related languages, many preschool-age children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have difficulties using tense and agreement consistently. In this review article, we discuss two potential input-related sources of this difficulty and offer several possible strategies aimed at circumventing input obstacles.

Method:

We review a series of studies from English, supplemented by evidence from computational modeling and studies of other languages. Collectively, the studies show that instances of failures to express tense and agreement in DLD resemble portions of larger sentences in everyday input in which tense and agreement marking is appropriately absent. Furthermore, experimental studies show that children's use of tense and agreement can be swayed by manipulating details in fully grammatical input sentences.

Results:

The available evidence points to two particular sources of input that may contribute to tense and agreement inconsistency. One source is the appearance of subject + nonfinite verb sequences that appear in auxiliary-fronted questions (e.g.,
Is [the girl running]? Does [the boy like popcorn]?
) and as dependent clauses in more complex sentences (e.g.,
Help [her wash the dishes]
;
We saw [the frog hopping]
). The other source is the frequent appearance of bare stems in the input, whether nonfinite (e.g.,
go
in
Make him go fast
) or finite (e.g.,
go
in
I go, you go
).

Conclusions:

Although the likely sources of input are a natural part of the language that all children hear, procedures that alter the distribution of this input might be used in the early stages of intervention. Subsequent steps can incorporate more explicit comprehension and production techniques. A variety of suggestions are offered.
A review of silicon carbide MOSFETs in electrified vehicles: Application, challenges, and future development
Authors: Shi Bufan , Ramones Anna Isabel , Liu Yingxu , Wang Haoran , Li Yu , Pischinger Stefan , Andert Jakob
Published: May 2023

Compared with silicon‐based Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), silicon carbide (SiC) Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) are characterized by higher operating temperatures, switching speeds and switching frequencies, and are considered the next evolutionary step for future electric drives. The application of SiC MOSFETs in the field of electrified vehicles has brought many benefits, such as higher efficiency, higher power density, and simplified cooling system, and can be seen as an enabler for high‐power fast battery charging. This article reviews the benefits of SiC MOSFETs in different electrified vehicle (EV) application scenarios, including traction inverters, on‐board converters, and off‐board charging applications. However, replacing Si‐IGBTs with SiC MOSFETs introduces several new technical challenges, such as stronger electromagnetic interference (EMI), reliability issues, potential electric machine insulation failure due to high transient voltages, and cooling difficulties. Compared to mature silicon‐based semiconductor technologies, these challenges have so far hindered the widespread adoption of SiC MOSFETs in automotive applications. To fully exploit the advantages of SiC MOSFETs in automotive applications and enhance their reliability, this paper explores future technology developments in SiC MOSFET module packaging and driver design, as well as novel electric machine drive strategies with higher switching frequencies, and optimized high‐frequency machine design.
Using multiobjective optimization to reconstruct interferometric data. Part I
Authors: Müller Hendrik , Mus Alejandro , Lobanov Andrei
Published: May 2023

Context.Imaging in radioastronomy is an ill-posed inverse problem. However, with increasing sensitivity and capabilities of telescopes, several strategies have been developed in order to solve this challenging problem. In particular, novel algorithms have recently been proposed using (constrained) nonlinear optimization and Bayesian inference.

Aims.The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration convincingly investigated the fidelity of their image reconstructions with large surveys, solving the image reconstruction problem with different optimization parameters. This strategy faces a limitation for the existing methods when imaging active galactic nuclei: Large and expensive surveys solving the problem with different optimization parameters are time-consuming. We present a novel nonconvex, multiobjective optimization modeling approach that gives a different type of claim and may provide a pathway to overcome this limitation.

Methods.To this end, we use a multiobjective version of the genetic algorithm (GA): the Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition, or MOEA/D. The GA strategies explore the objective function by evolutionary operations to find the different local minima and to avoid becoming trapped in saddle points.

Results.First, we tested our algorithm (MOEA/D) using synthetic data based on the 2017 EHT array and a possible EHT plus next-generation EHT configuration. We successfully recover a fully evolved Pareto front of nondominated solutions for these examples. The Pareto front divides into clusters of image morphologies representing the full set of locally optimal solutions. We discuss approaches to find the most natural guess among these solutions and demonstrate its performance on synthetic data. Finally, we apply MOEA/D to observations of the black hole shadow in Messier 87 with the EHT data in 2017.

Conclusions.The MOEA/D is very flexible and faster than any other Bayesian method, and it explores more solutions than regularized maximum likelihood methods. We have written two papers to present this new algorithm. In the first, we explain the basic idea behind multiobjective optimization and MOEA/D, and we use MOEA/D to recover static images. In the second paper, we extend the algorithm to allow dynamic and (static and dynamic) polarimetric reconstructions.
Analysis of Indonesia’s Fish Consumption with Regression Method using Go Language
Authors: Espinoza Fabio , Tanjaya Ravel , Qomariyah Nunung Nurul
Published: May 2023

The study is made to predict the amount of fish consumption in Indonesia throughout the years 1960 to current year. The amount of fish production and catches will be used as supplementary information to help validate the fish consumption rate. This study is conducted using the Go programming language to prove that even though Go is a general programming language that is rarely being used for data science, it can still be used to perform analytics and machine learning while out-performing other languages that are usually used to do data science like Python and R. There are two primary datasets that are being used in this study, them being the fish captures dataset and the fish consumption dataset. These two datasets will later be parsed and processed to a single file before being fed to the linear regression and decision tree models to achieve the objective of predicting Indonesia’s fish consumption. The Linear Regression model created from our Go Program has predicted a successful model that has a very low R2 score of the predicted regression value vs the true value. Additionally using Go a Decision Tree model has also been created to further strengthen the results of our models given they agree with each other. Both models actually show very high correlation with their final predictions which is 92%. The result of this study solidifies 3 points and that is that Go is a very capable language to be used for data science, linear regression performs better than decision tree in this given scenario that is being used, and finally the fish consumption rate of Indonesia is rising at a much greater rate the world has seen in 1900s.