bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 among diarrheic patients in Shashemene, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayalneh Shimelis Teshome , Beshah Biruk Yeshitela , Jeon Yeonji , Teshome Seifegebriel , Getahun Tomas , Gebreselassie Solomon , Park Se Eun , Teferi Mekonnen , Abegaz Woldaregay Erku
Published: August 2024

Background

The worldwide increase in multidrug resistance is a major threat to public health. One particular concern is the presence of Escherichia coli strains that carry Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase enzymes, which can make multiple antibiotics ineffective. This complicates treatment strategies and raises the risk of illness and death. The aim of this study was to isolate E. coli O157:H7, assess its susceptibility against antimicrobial agents, and determine the presence of ESBL and Carbapenemase production in stool samples collected from diarrheic patients in Shashemene, west Arsi, Ethiopia from July to November 2022.

Methods

The samples were cultured McConkey Agar and E. coli were isolated and identified by standard biochemical tests using API 20E. E. coli O157:H7 was further identified using sorbitol McConkey Agar and antisera for O157 antigen test. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method using different antibiotics. Each identified isolate was screened and tested for phenotypical ESBL and Carbapenemase production using combined disc method and modified carbapenem inactivation method, respectively. Bivariant and multivariant analyses were employed using a logistic regression model for further analysis and were interpreted based on the odds ratio and level of statistical significance at a p-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval.

Results

E. coli O157:H7 strain was found from 9% (38/423) study participants. The majority of the participants [61.9% (262/423)] were males; and 19.1% (81/ 423) of the participants were under five children. Living in urban areas, having domestic animals, and ≥5 family size in the household were identified as statistically significant factors associated with E. coli O157:H7. Twenty-seven (71.1%) and 12 (31.6%) of the 38 E. coli O157:H7 isolates were phenotypically confirmed to be ESBL and carbapenemase producers, respectively. All isolates were resistant against Ampicillin, but sensitive to ciprofloxacin. High resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid was observed among the ESBL and carbapenemase producing isolates also. The extent of detection of multidrug resistant E. coli O157:H7 isolates against three or more classes of antimicrobial agents tested was alarmingly very high (84%).

Conclusion

The E. coli O157:H7 isolates in this study showed a significant resistance to certain antimicrobials that were tested. The level of ESBL and Carbapenemase production among these isolates was found to be quite high. We observed a high resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid among the ESBL and carbapenemase producing isolates. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective drug against both the ESBL producers and nonproducers.
A novel XYZ electrospinning that orients the trajectory and collimates the electrified fluid jet of polymer nanofibers by induced electric fields
Authors: García-Limón Víctor , Aguilar-Mejía Oscar E. , Reyes-Cruz Hector , Suaste-Gómez Ernesto
Published: August 2024

Electrospinning is a process in which high voltage creates nanostructured fibers with random orientation from a polymer solution. A novel electrospinning instrument was designed and constructed, capable of orienting and collimating the trajectory of the electrified fluid jet. The equipment collimates and adjusts the electrified fluid jet in the X-Y directions using deflector plates connected to a variable electric field. Simultaneously, different membrane thicknesses can be selected, i.e., in the Z direction. Additionally, by programming the sinusoidal function generator to perform an X-Y sweep, Lissajous figures (LF) were obtained. SEM images obtained through XYZ electrospinning of PVC and PVDF membranes were used to determine the control achieved over the orientation distribution of the processed nanofibers and the modification of their diameter, with and without applying the electric field to the deflector plates. The nanofibers obtained from the polymeric membranes, which originated after the straight segment of the Taylor cone, did not exhibit a random trajectory and position. Instead, the collimated electrified fluid jet deposited them in a cross pattern (X-Y) on the collector-cathode plate.
Magnitude and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia: An umbrella review
Authors: Ayele Mulat , Yilak Gizachew , Alamrew Abebaw , Lake Eyob Shitie , Tilahun Befkad Derese
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The World Health Organization defines women with an unmet need for family planning as individuals who are fecund, sexually active, and wanting to either to limit childbirth or postpone their next birth but are not utilizing any form of contraception. Previous meta-analyses and systematic reviews have focused on this topic, but no comprehensive summary of the evidence was available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a summary of the findings on the unmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia.

Method

A search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and RESEARCH 4 LIFE including Hinari, to identify relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies on the prevalence and determinants of the unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool, and the estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model.

Results

The umbrella review included five studies with a total of 56,169 reproductive-aged women. The pooled prevalence of unmet need for family planning was found to be 27.44% (95% CI: 22.32–32.55), with the heterogeneity index (I square = 99.45%, P = 0.000). Failure to discuss with her partner about family planning methods (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.81, 4.00), being illiterate (OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.92), age at first marriage (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.44), and educational status of woman’s partner (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 0.83, 4.40) were the factors significantly and positively associated with unmet needs for family planning.

Conclusion

The study concludes that the unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia is a significant issue that can be addressed through increasing the educational levels of women and their partners, promoting open discussions about family planning, and preventing early marriages. Collaboration between families, school administrators, and healthcare providers is essential to mitigating this problem.
Canadian status of “not acceptable” drugs as evaluated by Prescrire: A cohort study
Authors: Lexchin Joel
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The independent French drug bulletin Prescrire International rates the therapeutic innovation of new drug-indications approved for marketing in France using an ordinal scale with the lowest rating being “not acceptable”. This study investigates whether these drugs were approved by Health Canada.

Methods

A list of “not acceptable” drug-indications was generated by handsearching all issues of Prescrire International between January 2013 and December 2022. The generic names, indications and reasons why Prescrire labeled them not acceptable were recorded. The approval date was determined by consulting the website of the European Medicines Agency (EMA). The status of these drug-indications in Canada was determined by searching multiple Health Canada websites. Therapeutic Evaluations for new drug-indications done by the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) were recorded.

Results

Prescrire rated 57 new drug-indications and 42 new indications for existing drugs as not acceptable. Seventy of these drug-indications were available in Canada– 42 new drug-indications and 28 new indications for existing drugs. Twenty (90.9%) of the 22 new drugs evaluated by the PMPRB were rated as slight/no therapeutic improvement and 2 as moderate therapeutic improvement. The median difference, in days, between approval times by the EMA/ANSM and Health Canada was 129 (interquartile range -102, 341) in favour of the former.

Discussion

The majority of the not acceptable drug-indications were approved by Health Canada. The difference between when Prescrire and Health Canada examined the evidence for these drug-indications is unlikely to explain the difference in their evaluations. A change in regulatory standards at Health Canada may be one factor behind the presence of these drugs. To what degree those drugs led to more harms than benefits for patients who are taking them needs to be urgently investigated. Finally, the reasoning behind Health Canada’s approval of these drugs should be interrogated.
Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with dengue fever incidence in Guatemala: Rising temperatures increase dengue risk
Authors: Salim Kasem U. , Álvarez Francisco S. , Chan-Golston Alec M. , Naughton Colleen C. , Cisneros Ricardo , Joyce Andrea
Published: August 2024

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne illness that infects 390 million people annually. Dengue outbreaks in Guatemala have been occurring more often and at increased rates since the first dengue outbreak in Guatemala in the 1970s. This study will examine environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with dengue in Guatemala at the municipality (county) level. Socioeconomic factors included population density, Mayan population, economic activity, and attending school. Environmental factors included average minimum annual temperature and annual precipitation. The relationship between environmental and socioeconomic variables and dengue fever incidence was initially evaluated through univariate zero-inflated negative binomial models, and then again through three zero-inflated multivariate negative binomial regression models. For all three models, elevation was considered a predictor of zero-inflation. In the combined model, there was a positive relationship between minimum temperature, economic activity and dengue fever incidence, and a negative relationship between population density, Mayan population and dengue fever. Predicted rates of dengue fever incidence and adjusted confidence intervals were calculated after increasing minimum yearly temperature by 1°C and 2°C. The three municipalities with the highest minimum yearly temperature (El Estor, Iztapa, and Panzós) and the municipality of Guatemala, all had an increase in the magnitude of the risk of dengue fever incidence following 1°C and 2°C increase in temperature. This research suggests that these socioeconomic and environmental factors are associated with risk of dengue in Guatemala. The predicted rates of dengue fever also highlight the potential effect that climate change in the form of increasing temperature can have on dengue in Guatemala.
Making Tracey: An interview with Shu Kei
Authors: Bettinson Gary
Published: August 2024

This interview with writer–producer Shu Kei provides an oral history of Hong Kong drama Tracey (2018), the directorial debut of rising talent Jun Li. An integral player in every aspect of Tracey’s production, Shu Kei recounts the film’s inception, preparatory phase, shooting, editing, release and reception. He chronicles the vicissitudes of working with a new generation of actors and a first-time director. His account of Tracey’s production sheds light on Hong Kong filmmaking practice in general, revealing how methods of script construction and shot design operate in contemporary Hong Kong cinema.
Milkyway meditations: An interview with Johnnie To
Authors: Bettinson Gary
Published: August 2024

A wide-ranging career interview with Hong Kong filmmaker Johnnie To. The interview canvasses To’s early career and filmic influences, the founding of his production company, Milkyway Image, his flirtation with Hollywood, his taste in acting and his adjustment to new film technologies. In addition, To recounts the making of key films in his oeuvre, reveals his views on the current state of Hong Kong cinema and ruminates on the prospects of a second Election sequel.
The lies continue: How US supporters of the invasion attempt to rewrite history
Authors: Zunes Stephen
Published: August 2024

In light of the disastrous consequences of the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, the majority of Americans – along with prominent political leaders, journalists and others – acknowledge that was the wrong policy choice. Few, however, are willing to acknowledge it was also illegal. Furthermore, there is little acknowledgement that Bush administration officials who planned the war and members of Congress who authorized it were informed beforehand by academics, State Department specialists and countless others of the likely negative consequences of an invasion and occupation but chose to ignore it. And a number of prominent supporters of the invasion have attempted to rewrite history to cover up for their culpability, particularly prominent Democratic senators who subsequently became their party’s nominee for president and went on to serve in higher offices – John Kerry, Hillary Clinton and Joe Biden.
Emotional resilience in entrepreneurial education: The educational practice of artistic entrepreneurship
Authors: Ávila Alexandre , Davel Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Objective: to understand emotional resilience based on the perspective of entrepreneurial education from an experience of entrepreneurial education in Arts. Methodology/approach: This qualitative, inductive, and narrative study used several sources of information (documents, direct observation, videos, and semi-structured interviews) and analysis of narratives. Main results: Conceptual elaboration of four emotionally challenging educational contexts and five educational practices to develop emotional resilience. Theoretical/methodological contributions: We propose new reflections about entrepreneurial education contexts and practices and specific discussions for entrepreneurial education in the Arts, promoting a more updated, sophisticated, and comprehensive entrepreneurial education that prioritizes emotional resilience. Relevance/originality: Despite the importance of emotional resilience for entrepreneurship, the topic has been underestimated in research on entrepreneurship education. Social contributions: By stimulating the conceptual refinement of entrepreneurial education based on the concept of emotional resilience, we contribute to advancing research on entrepreneurship, the practice of artistic entrepreneurship, and the development of the creative economy.
Evapotranspiration of ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig under different mulches in the Cerrado-Amazon transition
Authors: Pizzatto Mariana , Campelo Junior José Holanda , Silva Andréa Carvalho da , Carneiro Samuel Silva , Debastiani Matheus Marangon , Souza Adilson Pacheco de
Published: August 2024

Finding out subsidies for the production of perennial fruit trees in the northern region of Mato Grosso, were determined the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), crop coefficients (Kc) and water use efficiency of fig plants 'Roxo de Valinhos', cultivated under different soil mulches in the Cerrado-Amazon transition. The cultures were carried out in two consecutive dry seasons (2020 and 2021), using 2.5 kg m-2 of straw (vegetable waste) of Congo grass 'Brachiaria ruzziensis' (BR), velvet bean ‘Mucuna pruriens L’ (MP), pigeon pea ‘Cajanus cajan L.’ (CC) and zoysia grass ‘Zoysia japonica’ (ZJ) and bare soil ‘without mulch’ (BS). The ETc was obtained by soil water balance through tensiometry. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was obtained by the method of Penman Montheit Fao 56, with the crop coefficients given by the ratio between ETc and ETo. The efficiency of water use was established by the ratio between the mass of fruits produced per unit volume of applied water (m³), taking into account the irrigated depth and the effective rainfall. The different mulches not influence the water needs of the fig plants, however, the ETc and Kc were higher when the plants had a greater number of productive branches. The use of mulch increased the efficiency of water use, regardless of the production cycle. The BR and BS mulch crops, in the second year (eight branches), produced 2.59 and 0.79 kg of rip fruit figs per m3 of water depth, respectively.
López Levi, L. (2024). Destierro y Memoria. Trayectorias de familias judías piemontesas.
Authors: Toscana Aparicio Alejandra
Published: August 2024

López Levi, L. (2024). Destierro y Memoria. Trayectorias de familias judías piemontesas. México, Uniiversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Xochimilco, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras UNAM, Fides Ediciones 528 pp. ISBN UAM 978-607-28-3075-2
La cláusula de gobernabilidad en las constituciones de Santa Fe y Entre Ríos (Argentina)
Authors: Daverio Gustavo Javier
Published: August 2024

La aplicación de la cláusula de gobernabilidad en la distribución de bancas en las legislaturas provinciales, genera distorsión en la representación políticas. Sobrerrepresentación a favor del partido político que gana la elección y subrepresentación que perjudica a las restantes fuerzas. Se generan así mayorías artificiales que encuentran su justificación en la necesidad de fortalecer los Poderes Ejecutivos de manera que tengan capacidad para impulsar sus planes de gobierno. No obstante, en los últimos años vienen cobrando fuerza una serie de opiniones que insisten en que la gobernabilidad depende no sólo de la mayoría de bancas en las cámaras legislativas sino que, además, es necesario observar otras condiciones tales como los niveles de homogeneidad interna de las coaliciones mayoritarias, la capacidad de liderazgo de sus representantes, la mayor o menor habilidad y/o destreza para negociar y construir acuerdos, entre otras razones. Es por eso que entendemos que sería pertinente que esta cláusula se revea, diagramando un mecanismo de representación que ponga el acento en un nuevo rol tanto del Poder Legislativo como del Poder Ejecutivo de cara a un procedimiento de formación y sanción de leyes que contemple distintas herramientas para resolver eventuales situaciones de puja o empate respecto de una mayoría legislativa opositora al Gobernador
Habermas, Nino, la Democracia Deliberativa y el Estado de Derecho
Authors: Prono Santiago
Published: August 2024

Tradicionalmente se considera a la teoría de la democracia deliberativa como una teoría “de raigambre alemana” a partir de los trabajos del filósofo alemán Jürgen Habermas. El presente trabajo discute esta afirmación señalando que los aportes del filósofo argentino Carlos S. Nino constituyen, también, un aporte igualmente original en lo que respecta a la definición de esta concepción teórica de la democracia. Para fundamentar esta tesis se analizan ambas propuestas teóricas, explicitando sus fundamentos filosóficos y la complementación (en términos tanto de similitudes conceptuales como así también de las evidentes diferencias) en lo que respecta a los aportes que desde este marco teórico pueden realizarse para el mejoramiento de la calidad democrática del Estado de derecho. La idea general es contribuir al reconocimiento de la propuesta de Nino en el marco filosófico-político de la democracia deliberativa.
Efficient Separation of Organic Dyes using Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Polyethylene Glycol-Tin Oxide (PVDF/PEG-SnO2) Nanoparticles Ultrafiltration Membrane
Authors: Saleem Abdullah Ghanim , Al-Jubouri Sama Mohammed
Published: August 2024

This work studies developing ultrafiltration (UF) membranes using organic and inorganic additives to remove organic dyes at UF conditions with high effectiveness. Flat sheet (18 wt%) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were prepared via phase inversion and then developed by adding 6 wt% polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a pore former. Furthermore, the PVDF/PEG membranes were developed by embedding tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) with different contents of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 wt%. The prepared membranes were examined for their performance in the dye removal before being characterized using the field emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, contact angle, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, surface charge, porosity, mean pore size, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The performance was tested regarding pure water flux (PWF), permeate flux, and dye removal (R%). The effect of dye concentration and pH of the feed solution on the permeate flux and R% was also investigated. In addition, the antifouling features in terms of flux recovery ratio, reversible fouling, irreversible fouling, total fouling, and the R% were studied using the PVDF/PEG membrane and the membrane containing 0.3 wt% of SnO2 NPs. The contact angle decreased from 78.85° to 51.88°, and the PWF rose from 7.16 to 135.71 L/m2.h for PVDF and PVDF/PEG-SnO2 (0.3 wt%) membranes, respectively. The R% of rhodamine B (RhB) slightly decreased from 93.08 to 91.26, and 87.71% for PVDF, PVDF/PEG, and PVDF/PEG-SnO2 (0.3 wt%) membranes, respectively. Then, it increased with increasing NPs concentration up to 90.17 and 92.23% for PVDF/PEG-SnO2 (0.6 wt%) and PVDF/PEG-SnO2 (0.9 wt%) membranes, respectively. Also, the molecular weight cutoff was calculated using RhB as a cationic dye, acid orange 10, and congo red as an anionic dye and it was 520 Da.
MANAGING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL INSTABILITY
Authors: Kretova Alina ,   SEI HPE “Donetsk Academy of Management and Civil Service under the Head of the Donetsk People's Republic”, Yelistratov Nikita ,   SEI HPE “Donetsk Academy of Management and Civil Service under the Head of the Donetsk People's Republic”
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the competitiveness of food industry en-terprises in modern conditions, characterized by global market instability. The objects of scientific research are food industry enterprises. The purpose of the work is to propose directions for the development of the competitiveness of food industry enterprises. The article uses as scientific research methods: analysis; syn-thesis; induction; deduction; generalization. The result of the work is the proposed parallel-sequential ap-proach to managing competitive potential at all levels of management, which makes it possible to identify the main directions for the development of not only food industry enterprises, but the industry as a whole. The scope of the results lies in the fact that the article, along with other works, expands the scientific field of research related to the activities of food industry enterprises. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn about the need for structural elements to ensure the effectiveness of the competitive potential man-agement policy aimed at developing programs for the competitive development of industries and types of economic activity.
TAX SMOOTHING WITH SEIGNIORAGE AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
Authors: Serkov Leonid ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Krasnykh Sergey ,   erm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: August 2024

This paper determines the optimal trajectories of the tax rate under tax smoothing taking into account the seigniorage and stochastic processes of government expenditures in a partial equilibrium model. The paper optimizes the discounted value of distortions caused by tax instruments, given intra- and intertemporal budget constraints. The authors propose a more general functional form describing distortions due to income and leni-ency taxes, taking into account the stochastic processes of government expenditures, as compared to the standard quadratic form for finding the ratio between the planned tax rate and inflation at optimal financing of gov-ernment expenditures. It is shown that the optimal tax rate is proportional to permanent government expenditures. The planned tax rate under smoothing is inversely proportional to the contribution of seigniorage to inflation. The impact of government expenditure shocks on tax smoothing is investigated. As the persistence of government spending shocks increases, permanent government spending increases and, as a consequence, non-lump-sum tax-es also increase. All conclusions of the paper apply to the behavior of representative agents with rational expecta-tions. The results of the paper may be of interest to government agencies and the Central Bank.
THE DIGITALIZATION OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE IN RUSSIAN REGIONS
Authors: Lyaskovskaya Elena ,   South Ural State University, Grigorieva Kristina , Khalilova Gulnaz ,   South Ural State University,   South Ural State University
Published: August 2024

Digital transformation, which is one of Russia’s national goals, includes the digital transfor-mation of state and municipal governance. The management of these processes should take into account regional characteristics and the disproportions in their digital development and be aimed at overcoming digital inequality. This paper systematizes approaches to the digitalization of state and municipal governance, considers its com-ponents, conducts a retrospective analysis of the regulatory and legal framework, and considers platformization as the basis for the digitalization of public administration. Using statistical data we analyzed regional differences in the digitalization of state and municipal services by federal district and region, studied the dynamics of net-work technologies, conducted a regional cluster analysis by the level of digitalization of state and municipal ser-vices, and identified the characteristics of each cluster which dictate the requirements for regional digital transformation strategies and areas of federal support for the regions. We give recommendations for the develop-ment of digitalization of state and municipal services.
THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF A METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISE AS AN ELEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL SOVEREIGNTY
Authors: Potanin Vladislav ,   Ural State University of Economics
Published: August 2024

Industrial enterprises do not have a mechanism to ensure the technological sovereignty of a coun-try. For Russian industry, the underestimation of the importance of technological development limits its sustain-ability. The role of the technology in sustainable development increases manyfold with a state industrial policy rejecting the dominance of foreign technology imports. For the first time the category “ecosystem” is consid-ered as a mechanism of sustainable development in industry. The information base of the study was the report-ing of business practices of the largest metallurgical companies. The novelty of the author’s mechanism is in considering the coordination of the ecosystem in 5 levels: 1) the interests of stakeholders (including the partic-ipants of ecosystem); 2) external factors (global challenges, state regulation); 3) industry trends (economic un-certainty, “green transition”, staff crisis, digitalization); 4) sustainable development (traditional and technolog-ical components); 5) organizational features that respond to the factors and trends balancing sustainability (economic partnership, technological interaction, ecological cooperation, ecosystem programs). Applying the ecosystem approach achieves better coordination among participants and is able to increase the sustainability and effectiveness of the economic activity of industrial enterprises. The proposed mechanism is of practical importance for industrial enterprises and their ecosystem partners.
PENERAPAN REGRESI COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARD PADA KEJADIAN BERSAMA (TIES) DENGAN METODE BRESLOW, EFRON, DAN EXACT
Authors: Zega Nesty Novita Sari , Mustafid Mustafid , Wuryandari Triastuti
Published: August 2024

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a contagious disease that continues to be public health concern. This disease can cause death in a short time and often causes an epidemic. Semarang city has a high number of deaths due to DHF. Reducing the mortality rate due to DHF can be done by knowing the factors that affect the patient's recovery rate. Cox proportional hazard regression is a method of survival analysis that represents the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable in the form of survival time. This study examined hospitalized DHF patients at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. The data contains ties, so parameter estimation is carried out using the Breslow, Efron, and Exact methods. These three methods have different levels of computational intensity and size of data ties, so these three methods will be used in this study to determine the most appropriate method for handling DHF data ties at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. the analysis reveals that the Cox proportional hazards regression model with the Exact method is the most suitable method for handling ties and the recovery rate of DHF patients is affected by age, platelets, and hemoglobin category.
The crystal structure of N′-(tert-butyl)-N′-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-3-methoxy-N,2-dimethylbenzohydrazide, C23H30N2O3
Authors: Zheng Jiangyu , Tang Wenhao , Pan Haiyu
Published: August 2024

C23H30N2O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.4357(14) Å, b = 7.2340(7) Å, c = 21.8274(17) Å, β = 114.881(5)∘, V = 2211.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0492, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1284, T = 293 K.
Ethnomedical Potentials, Phytochemicals, and Medicinal Profile of Alpinia galanga L.: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Priyono Qiara Amelia Putri , Yusniasari Putri Antika , Alifiansyah Mochamad Radika Tory , Suryanto Gerry Yahya , Widyowati Retno , Herdiansyah Mochammad Aqilah , Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad , Purnobasuki Hery , Pratiwi Intan Ayu , Makhmudov Farrukh , Azimova Sanavar , Kizatova Maigul , Rebezov Maksim , Jakhmola Vikash , Sahadewa Sukma , Durry Fara Disa
Published: August 2024

Exploration of the utilization of plant-based natural materials as raw materials for medicines is still being carried out today. Various secondary metabolite compounds from plants have been found in recent decades, one of which is Alpinia galanga L. (greater galangal). The world community has long recognized the Alpinia galanga L. plant as a raw material for traditional medicinal herbs that can help cure several diseases, such as ulcers, headaches, rheumatism, migraines, and diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of the potential of medicinal ingredients from derivatives of metabolite compounds in Alpinia galanga L. has continued in this modern era by researchers through the science of herbal medicine. Researchers have found that all parts of this plant, including leaves, roots, stems, flowers, and rhizomes, have secondary metabolite compounds that have the potential to be developed for medicine. One part that contains an abundance of secondary metabolites, such as 1,8-cineole, α-fenchyl acetate, β-farnesene, β-bisabolene, α-bergamotene, β-pinene, 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACE), galangin, phenylpropanoid, and β-sitosterol diglucoside (AG-7), is the rhizome. Research related to the bioactivity test of these secondary metabolite compounds is still being conducted by researchers to reveal other amazing potentials of Alpinia galanga L. Therefore, this review article provides information related to the ethnomedicinal profile, phytochemicals, and various medical potentials of Alpinia galanga L.
A Power Elite Alliance and Local Environmental Policy: Elon Musk in Cameron County
Authors: Keck Michelle , Correa-Cabrera Guadalupe
Published: August 2024

The present work analyzes several aspects related to the environmental impacts that Elon Musk’s company Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) has had on Cameron County, Texas. Utilizing prior studies, we will focus on how the power elite impact policy at the federal, state, and local levels, specifically regarding SpaceX’s arrival to Cameron County as well as environmental policy concerning the activities at the SpaceX Starbase facility, located on Boca Chica Beach, Texas. The present analysis uses data from semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders including government officials, developers, environmentalists, and other activists in order to understand the connections between the global and local power elites. A survey of Cameron County residents will also be used to determine their experience with environmental effects resulting from SpaceX activities.
Leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty performed by direct anterior approach: a systematic review comparing surgical approaches and strategies for prevention
Authors: Tassinari Leonardo , Di Martino Alberto , Brunello Matteo , Rossomando Valentino , Traina Francesco , Faldini Cesare
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is a common complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA). The direct anterior approach (DAA) for THA is gaining popularity due to its advantages, but there is limited research on the incidence and size of LLD. This systematic review aims to explore the differences in LLD between DAA and other approaches, as well as the techniques to control LLD in DAA.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies comparing THA by DAA with other surgical approaches and investigating methods to control LLD in DAA, following PRISMA guidelines and a priori registration on PROSPERO (CRD42023412644). The quality of the included studies was assessed. Data on preoperative and postoperative LLD and other relevant outcomes were extracted and analyzed descriptively.

Results

In total, 29 studies were included in this systematic review. The majority (86%) were classified as level IV evidence. Comparisons between DAA and posterior approach (PA) or anterolateral approach (ALA) showed DAA had lower rates of LLD >10 mm compared to PA and ALA. Different pre- and intra-operative techniques were evaluated, but no consensus on the best method for preventing LLD in DAA was reached.

Conclusion

DAA shows comparable or superior results in the prevention of LLD compared to other surgical approaches. Supine patient placement, direct leg measurement, and the use of IF contribute to these outcomes. Intraoperative fluoroscopy with a grid and preoperative planning offers a good option, especially for training purposes, but its role in preventing LLD by experienced DAA surgeons needs further investigation.
Do we need another screw? Sacroiliac screw fixation in open-book pelvic ring injuries (APC type II)
Authors: Jordan Martin C , Fuchs Konrad F , Herath Steven C , Windolf Joachim , Meffert Rainer H , Neubert Anne
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To compare anterior plate fixation (SP fixation) both alone and in combination with an additional posterior sacroiliac screw (SP+SIS fixation) as a treatment for pelvic ring injuries with widening of the pubic symphysis and disruption to the anterior sacroiliac ligaments.

Methods

To find studies with pelvic ring injuries (APC II; B2.3d) and SP or SP+SIS fixation, a systematic literature review was conducted by searching four databases. A protocol was published a priori at Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/3YHAV). Exclusion criteria included perineal injuries, chronic instability of the symphysis, complete sacroiliac separation, and pediatric patients (age <18 years). Primary outcomes of interest were defined as implant failure, health-related quality of life, and revision rate.

Results

Altogether, 1861 studies were screened, and 40 studies qualified for full-text analysis. In total, 14 studies (two surveys, six biomechanical studies, and six retrospective clinical studies) were included. The surveys revealed that surgeons who had more recently begun practicing were more likely to use posterior fixation (SP+ISS). The biomechanical studies were heterogenous and did not yield a uniform pattern. In clinical studies, 117 patients (45%) received SP fixation, and 142 patients (55%) received SP+SIS fixation. Complications occurred in 31 SP patients (30%) and in five SP+SIS patients (3.5%).

Conclusion

A high risk of bias was uncovered, and reporting was found to be incomplete. SP+SIS may have the potential to improve outcomes, but the evidence remains too inconclusive to draw reliable recommendations.
Figuraciones del cuerpo en la narrativa de Cheri Lewis G.
Authors: Pérez Cuadra María del Carmen
Published: August 2024

Through a comparative reading exercise, and following an inductive method, this article identifies different ways of representing or imagining the body in a corpus of works by the Panamanian author Cheri Lewis G., observing the possible relationships, tensions or contradictions between this same type of fictional representation in the narra-tive works of other contemporary Central American authors. In the fictional worlds of the selection, on the one hand, the fragmented, animalized or hybridized body proposes ways to contradict, think, resistor criticize certain oppressive standards towards women; on the other, he makes metaphorical elaborations on human affective relationships with other forms of life, as well as allegories of the fragmented nation.
Hepatitis B and C in healthcare professionals at the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou: epidemiological and diagnostic aspects
Authors: Raïmi Kpossou Aboudou , Martin Sokpon Comlan N’déhougbèa , Merveille Zokpodo Mahuna Marius , Koffi Vignon Rodolph , Edmond Gbedo Sossa , Ayélo Paul , Kodjoh Nicolas , Séhonou Jean , Mikponhoué Rose
Published: August 2024

Background: Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of HBV and/or HCV infection among healthcare professionals at the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. Data collection was prospective and lasted 2 months, from July 2022 to September 2022 at the university occupational health clinic, then at the university hepato-gastroenterology clinic of the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. Results: A total of 806 people were included, with a mean age of 43.1 ± 1.9 years and a sex ratio of 1.1. Nurses were in the majority (259; 32.1%), followed by orderlies (185; 23%) and administrative staff (122; 15.1%). HBsAg was positive in 51 subjects, for a prevalence of 6.3%, and anti-HCV antibody in 6 subjects, for a prevalence of 0.7%. Of these positive cases, 23 returned for further investigations, 78.2% of them asymptomatic. Among HBsAg carriers, 13 were chronically HBeAg-negative (59.1%). None of the subjects had cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. There were no factors significantly associated with the presence of HBsAg in healthcare professionals. Conclusion: This study shows that hepatitis B and C are common among all health professionals at this hospital, and are usually asymptomatic. Systematic screening (at the time of hiring) is therefore desirable, in order to ensure adequate care and contribute to the eradication of these scourges in Benin.
Efficacy of Antibiotic Regimens for Sepsis or Possible Serious Bacterial Infection in Young Infants Aged 0 to 59 Days: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: North Krysten , Mathias Sitarah , Schmeck Naomi , Kim Yumin , Kehoe Tessa , Folger Lian V. , Hoey Amber , Wade Carrie , Driker Sophie , Chou Roger , Edmond Karen M. , Lee Anne CC
Published: August 2024

CONTEXT

Sepsis is a leading cause of young infant mortality.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the efficacy of different antibiotic regimens to treat young infant sepsis or possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) on clinical outcomes.

DATA SOURCES

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, Cochrane Central Registry of Trials.

STUDY SELECTION

We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of young infants 0 to 59 days with sepsis or PBSI (population) comparing the efficacy of antibiotic regimens (intervention) with alternate regimens or management (control) on clinical outcomes.

DATA EXTRACTION

We extracted data and assessed risk of bias in duplicate. We performed random-effects meta-analysis, and used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation to assess certainty of evidence.

RESULTS

Of 2390 publications, we included 41 RCTs (n = 18 054). Thirty-five trials were hospital-based and 6 were nonhospital-based. Meta-analysis of 4 trials demonstrated similar rates of treatment success with intramuscular/intravenous third generation cephalosporins versus intramuscular/intravenous penicillin or ampicillin + gentamicin (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.93–1.13]; n = 1083; moderate certainty of evidence). Meta-analysis of 3 trials demonstrated similar rates of treatment failure with oral amoxicillin + intramuscular gentamicin versus intramuscular penicillin + gentamicin for nonhospital treatment of clinical severe illness (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.72–1.02]; n = 5054; low certainty of evidence). Other studies were heterogeneous.

LIMITATIONS

RCTs evaluated heterogeneous regimens, limiting our ability to pool data.

CONCLUSIONS

We found limited evidence to support any single antibiotic regimen as superior to alternate regimens to treat young infant sepsis or PSBI.
Serapio, Miguel, Francisco, Enrique y Manuel: la imaginería de la familia Ramos
Authors: Bonilla Soto Luis Carlos
Published: August 2024

Este artículo sistematiza información biográfica de tres generaciones de imagineros costarricenses pertenecientes a la familia Ramos de Cartago y Heredia. Además, muestra piezas artísticas que fueron producidas en sus talleres: por un lado, las esculturas firmadas y luego un conjunto de piezas atribuidas a ellos a partir de las características formales. Metodológicamente se siguen dos líneas de indagación, una de índole genealógica documental y, otra descriptiva y analítica de obras de arte registradas en la base de datos del Inventario de Arte Sacro y demás objetos destinados al culto de la Curia Metropolitana de San José. Al final de este estudio se incluye una lista de piezas a las que es incierto atribuir la manufactura a estos escultores costarricenses, pero se apuntan con miras a que sirvan como referente para investigaciones de campo futuras sobre este tema.
„Stołeczny” Sondergericht. Niemiecki Sąd Specjalny w Krakowie (Sondergericht Krakau) 1939–1945
Authors: Graczyk Konrad
Published: August 2024

Artykuł stanowi monograficzne opracowanie niemieckiego Sądu Specjalnego w Krakowie (Sondergericht Krakau). Był to okupacyjny sąd karny działający w latach 1931–1945. W tekście omówiono wszystkie najistotniejsze aspekty działalności: właściwość miejscową i rzeczową, ustrój, organizację, obsadę kadrową, orzecznictwo oraz jego odbiór w świetle okupacyjnej prasy, a także kwestię ewakuacji. Artykuł oparto głównie na źródłach archiwalnych zgromadzonych w ramach szerokiej kwerendy archiwalnej, obejmującej archiwa niemieckie i polskie. Wykorzystano metodę historyczną, formalno-dogmatyczną (charakterystyczną dla nauk prawnych) oraz statystyczną. Przedstawiono podstawową statystykę oraz obliczono liczbę osób skazanych na karę śmierci. Tekst ma charakter deskryptywny i opiera się na źródłach dotychczas niewykorzystanych.
Administracja miasta Krakowa w czasach prezydentury Mieczysława Kaplickiego (1933–1939)
Authors: Hapanowicz Piotr
Published: August 2024

Mieczysław Kaplicki (1871–1959) był najwybitniejszym prezydentem międzywojennego Krakowa, inicjatorem perspektywicznego, kompleksowego programu rozwoju miasta. W ciągu swej pięcioletniej prezydentury konsekwentnie realizował swoje zamierzenia uzdrowienia administracji i gospodarki miejskiej. Kaplickiemu udało się przeprowadzić gruntowną reorganizację administracji Zarządu Miejskiego, wprowadzając nowa strukturę i nowoczesne metody zarządzania. Reforma usprawniła miejską administrację i zmniejszyła jej kosztów. Restrukturyzacja opierała się na zasadzie zespolenia i decentralizacji. Ta ostatnia była nowatorska dla Krakowa i polegała na utworzeniu urzędów dzielnicowych, czyli małych magistratów. Kaplicki podkreślał, że „w ten sposób urząd zbliżymy do obywateli”. Współczesny samorząd krakowski w pewnej mierze nawiązuje do wizji Kaplickiego w tej dziedzinie. Postawił sobie także za cel zwiększenie wydajności instytucji miejskich. Udało mu się uporządkować finanse miejskie, a dzięki zdolnościom organizacyjnym, dalekowzrocznej wizji rozwoju miasta, energii i pracowitości, potrafił zmobilizować Zarząd Miejski i pracowników Magistratu oraz przedsiębiorstw miejskich do realizacji swojej koncepcji Krakowa jako miasta nowoczesnego.
Effect of Short Term Weight Reduction by High Intensity of Endurance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Mass and Functions in Male College Wrestling Athletes
Authors: Jeon Byeong Hwan
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to investigate the effect of short term weight control by High Intensity Endurance Training(HIET) on body composition, muscle mass and functions male college in male wrestling athletes.METHODS Fifteen male college wrestlers with at least 5 years of career were participated and measured body composition, muscle mass and functions after weight reduction through 6 days of HIET intervention.RESULTS First, WRG (weight reduction group, n=7) showed significant changes after HIET -induced weight reduction in work fatigue at 60 degree/sec during flexion in elbow joints, it showed not significant changes after training-induced weight reduction in peak torque, avg. power, work fatigue at 60 degree/sec and 180 degree/sec during extension and flexion in elbow and knee joints. Second, CG (control group, n=8) showed no significant changes after training-induced weight reduction in peak torque, avg. power, work fatigue at 60 degree/sec and 180 degree/sec during extension and flexion in elbow and knee joints.CONCLUSIONS Taken together, relatively short-term, or 6 days weight loss with HIET may not negatively affect muscle mass and function and may be accompanied by fat loss. Additionally, compared to other short-term weight loss methods, this method would be better not only for wrestling athletes but also the weight division athletes. However, it is important to note that weight loss can partially induce muscle fatigue, and athletes should be prepared for a possible decrease in muscular endurance, depending on their individual characteristics.