bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIKA MAHASISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SD YANG BERKONTEK NALARIA
Authors: Hadi Samsul , Marzuki Ahmad Dedi
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe the mathematical reasoning ability of students in elementary mathematics learning in the context of reasoning. This research approach is a case study-based qualitative research approach with 35 PGSD students in the first semester of the 2021-2022 academic year consisting of 12 female students and 23 male students. Data was collected by means of tests and non-tests (interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation studies). The results showed that the mathematical reasoning ability of PGSD students in elementary mathematics learning with a context in the good category.
PENGELOLAAN GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH DALAM MENDUKUNG KEMAMPUAN KARYA TULIS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI SD NEGERI 1 LELONG
Authors: Gazali Munawir , Pransisca Made Ayu
Published: April 2022

Reading and writing are part of many learning routines that cannot be separated from everyone's life. UNESCO has released data on reading interest in the world and shows Indonesia's demand for reading is at 0.001. This means that for every 1,000 residents, there is only 1 person who has an interest in reading (Universitas Gadja Mada, 2017). The objectives of this study are 1) to describe the management, planning, implementation, and evaluation of the School Literacy Movement (GLS): 2) to describe the supporting and inhibiting factors for the solution; 3) Describe the results in overcoming the factors that hinder the solution in the management of the School Literacy Movement (GLS) to support writing at SD Negeri 1 Lelong. This research uses descriptive qualitative, which means the type of research is literal data with factors in the field. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, and documentation analysis. Researchers used data analysis in the field with the Miles and Huberman model. The steps in the data analysis process carried out by the author are 1) Data collection; 2) Data Reduction; 3) Data Presentation; and 4) Verification. The results of the study, in the management of the School Literacy Movement (GLS) to support student writing at SD Negeri 1 Lelong there are three stages, as follows: planning, implementation and evaluation
PENGARUH METODE GRUP INVESTIGASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI DAN MOTIVASI PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA MATERI DINAMIKA KELAS X MA NW KABAR
Authors: Hidayatulloh Alpiana
Published: April 2022

The propose of this study is TO KNOW how the influence of cooperative investigation type group investigation on achievement and motivation to learn physics. This research was conducted at MA NW Kabar class X IPA. Data collection for learning achievement using tests in the form of essays and for student motivation using questionnaires. Data analysis technique is to use descriptive qualitative. The results showed that student achievement was very good because the percentage was above 75% while the motivation of students had a percentage of 54.54% in the high category when viewed from the number of students.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MULTILEVEL DENGAN PENDEKATAN PROBLEM SOLVING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SIKAP DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI LINGKARAN SISWA MTs. QAMARUL HUDA TAHUN 2019
Authors: Supratman Moh.
Published: April 2022

This study aims to produce mathematical learning tools with a problem-solving approach that is feasible to use to improve students' mathematics learning attitudes and achievement with different abilities in the Circle material. Products consist of syllabus, lesson plans, and multilevel worksheets. Product quality and eligibility refers to Nieveen's validity, practicality, and effectiveness criteria. The development procedure adapted the Borg & Gall development research model and was modified in five stages of development, including the stages: preliminary studies, initial product development, validation, testing, and revision of the final product. Data collection instruments include: validation sheets, teacher assessments, and student opinions, mathematics attitude questionnaires, and pretest-posttest scripts. Data in the form of standard scores were analyzed using norm reference benchmarks. Data in the form of comments and suggestions were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and concluded as material for product revision. Learning outcomes test data were analyzed by benchmark reference assessment. The research resulted in a multilevel mathematics learning tool product with a problem-solving approach that was feasible to use. Product eligibility is based on validation results that classify highly valid products and trial results which show that the product is very practical and effective in improving students' mathematical attitudes and learning achievements.
CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) APPROACHES ON THE CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY OF STUDENTS IN THE VII CLASS ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION MATERIAL At MTs USWATUN HASANAH ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019
Authors: Rasyidi Mulia
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) approach to the Critical Thinking Ability of Class VII MTs Students. Uswatun Hasanah Cempaka Putih on Environmental Pollution Materials. This study uses an experimental research method with True experimental form and nonequivalent control group design. The population in this study were all students of Class VII MTs. Uswatun Hasanah Cempaka Putih, amounting to 65 students. This study also uses a sampling technique that is using nonprobability sampling with the type of Purposive Sampling. Data collection techniques using direct observation and measurement techniques. The research instrument used was a written test with multiple choice tests and using critical thinking indicators from Ennis. Based on the results of data analysis of students' critical thinking skills, the average post-test scores in the experimental class and the control class were 66,333 and 56,774. T-test results obtained t-count = 2.538 and t-table = 2.001 (α = 5%; db = 59). Because t-count (2,538)> t-table (2,001), it means that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. The effect size is 0.638 with moderate criteria. The conclusion of this study is that there is a moderate effect on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) learning and learning approaches to the Critical Thinking Ability of Class VII MTs Uswatun Hasanah Cempaka Putih with medium criteria.
MENGEKSPLORASI OLAHRAGA PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL PERESEAN (STUDI KASUSU PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL PERESEAN DI DESA MARONG)
Authors: Ashari Lalu Hasan , Muzakir Muzakir
Published: April 2022

Traditional game sports are the result of human creativity, taste, and initiative. Traditional game sports have now experienced a shift, one of it is the shift in a traditional sports games for the Lombok Sasak community. By doing this research, it is hoped that researchers will be able to explore traditional game sports and the meaning of exploring traditional sports games research for the community. This study uses a qualitative research method of phenomenology. The research location is in Marong Village, East Praya District, Central Lombok Regency. The subjects of this research are the people in Marong Village, this research was using snowball sampling technique (snowball). Collected through in-depth interviews and observations. The results of this research indicate that. Peresean traditional game sport is a traditional sport of the Sasak people who fights two men (pepadu) using weapons from rattan sticks and shields.  In the traditional peresean games, there are rules and sanctionsthat their implementation. Currently, peresean performances are carried out at certain times, such as village or district birthdays, wedding events, in famine seasons, the anniversary of the Independence Day of the Republic of Indonesia, or in welcoming guests. The values that ​​contained in the peresean traditional game sports are values ​​about life such as the value of respecting brotherhood, friendship, economy, kinship, belief, culture and artistic values. Male valor, martial arts, sportsmanship spirit, self-respect and friendship. So the performance of the traditional game of Peresean in the Sasak people of Lombok has experienced a shift both in terms of rules, meaning and timing of implementation.
ANALISIS HASIL PERKULIAHAN PUBLIC SPEAKING MELALUI SISTEM DARING DI INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN NUSANTARA GLOBAL (IPNG) DALAM MASA PANDEMIC COVID-19 2020
Authors: Rosyidi Ahmad Zuhri
Published: April 2022

The education in Indonesia is currently experiencing enormous problems due to the spread of Covid 19, therefore the government orders all teachers and lecturers not to do face-to-face learning during the pandemic. Online learning is one solution that teachers and lecturers can do to avoid face-to-face learning. This study aims to see the effectiveness of the success of online learning in the public speaking course at Institut Pendidikan Nusantara Global. This type of research is quantitative research because it will calculate the value obtained by students in online learning during college. Data collection techniques in this study used attendance scores, assignments, midterm exams (UTS), and final semester exams (UAS). The data is then analyzed by accumulating the number of values ​​obtained using the assessment format that has been prepared in the form of Microsoft exel. The results of this study were the graduation rate of all students reached 80.8 with a passing rate reaching 100%. From these results it can be concluded that learning using an online system can be said to be successful.
PEMANFAATAN KOPERASI SEKOLAH SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR IPS DI SMPN 2 AIKMEL LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Yuliani Meri
Published: April 2022

This research is motivated by the lack of use of ips learning resources that are relevant to the lives of students both in the community and school environment where students gain knowledge. The purpose of this research is to find out; (1) the conditions of social studies learning (2) the use of cooperatives as a source of social studies learning. This study uses a qualitative research approach. This type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative. descriptive. The data collection instruments were observation, interview and documentation. Based on the results of research at SMPN 2 Aikmel, the role of the existence of student cooperatives as social studies learning laboratories, namely to help students meet the needs of students at school, foster values ​​of honesty and a sense of responsibility, increase student knowledge, especially economic lessons, educate students in organization. Meanwhile, the student cooperative of SMPN 2 Aikmel has a role, namely to help meet all the needs of students in the school, as a place to sell student goods.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL BY USING “CLASS STORY”
Authors: Suparlan Suparlan
Published: April 2022

The research aim is to prove improving students’ speaking skill in MTs. Darul Aminin NW Aikmual in academic year 2019/2020 by using “Class Story” method. The population of this research was the first level students’ of MTs. Darul Aminin NW Aikmual in academic year 2019/2020 and the sample of the students were 25 students. The researcher used a speaking test as the instrument of the research. The instrument of data collection is the test given as pretest and post test. The result of the data indicates that the t-table (2.012) is lower than the t-counted value (9.817) by applying 0.05 level of significance and the degree of freedom (df) is 48 (df=25 + 25 – 2 = 48). It means that the research hypothesis is accepted. It proves that improving students’ speaking skill at the first level of MTs. Darul Aminin NW Aikmual in academic year 2019/2020 can use “Class Story” method.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL FISIKA BERBASIS CTL UNTUK MEMBERDAYAKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN NILAI KARAKTER SISWA
Authors: Zaidah Alpi , Hardani Hardani , Hidayatulloh Alpiana
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to: (1) describe the characteristics of the Physics module based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL); (2) knowing the feasibility of a Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) based physics module; (3) knowing the use of Physics modules based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) can empower students' knowledge and character values. This research method is R&D by referring to the 4-D model (four D model) proposed by Thiagarajan (1974). The 4-D model consists of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. Modules are assessed based on the feasibility of the material, media, and language, as well as trials (limited and extensive) to students, and the stages of dissemination at the MGMP forum. Research data collection was using questionnaires and needs analysis interview guidelines, validation sheets, response questionnaires, character value questionnaires, character value observation sheets, and disseminate questionnaires. The results of the study were as follows: (1) produce a module based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). (2) the module is categorized as feasible based on (material expert, media expert, linguist, teacher, colleague) which shows an average value of 86.0> minimum value of eligibility 84.3. This result also supported by good responses from students and the results of dissemination conducted on the MGMP forum which categorizes the modules well. (3) the use of modules can empower students' character values ​​and knowledge. This is indicated by the results of the character values ​​and knowledge of students> 75% can reach more than KKM.
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN SETS PADA KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA
Authors: Rasyidi Mulia
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, Society) learning on the mastery of students' critical thinking abilities using tests and observations. The type of this research was a quasi experiment. This research used an experimental class and control class. The sampling technique used was cluster sampling. To determine the differences in the mastery of critical thinking skills in the control class and the experimental class, the t-test was carried out with the Polled Variance formula. The analysis results show t count = 10.1332 while t table = 1.9908 with a significant level of 0.05 so that t count> t table. H1 is accepted, it can be the influence of the SETS (Science, Environment, Technology and Society) learning method on critical thinking skills. So that can be conclude that there is an influence of the SETS learning method in improving students' critical thinking skills.
FENOTIPIK: PENGARUH GOLONGAN DARAH TERHADAP KEPRIBADIAN PADA MAHASISWA PIAUD A1 TAHUN 2019 DI UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA 2019
Authors: Marie Hamzia
Published: April 2022

phenotypic is something that can be observed by the five senses in an individual which includes: physical traits, psychological characteristics, and social trends. Personality or usually referred to as an innate character as in scientific studies Dr. Aisyah Dahlan, there are four personalities, namely: phlegmatic, melancholy, korelis, and sanguinis. These four characters are usually easy to recognize through blood type, which is usually a phlegmatic personality with blood type AB, blood type A melancholy personality, blood type O corrected personality, and blood type B. sanguinis personality. Researchers want to know whether blood type is very influential on personality against students of PIAUD A1 in 2019 at UIN Sunan Kalijaga. This research uses descriptive qualitative research, the results of this study, show that blood type does not significantly influence the personality of students of PIAUD A1 in 2019 at UIN Sunan Kalijaga, but several factors that influence the personality namely the influence of parenting since childhood, the influence of their environment, the influence of social interaction
IDENTIFIKASI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN BAHASA ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN
Authors: Hardianti Farlina
Published: April 2022

This study aims to: 1. Identify what learning media are used in developing the language of children aged 4-5 years, 2. To identify what learning media are dominantly used in developing the language of children aged 4-5 years, 3. To identify media What kinds of learning are effectively used in developing the language of children aged 4-5 years. The type of research used was survey research. Methods and data collection in the study were observation, interviews, and documentation. The sample in this study was 20% of the 26 PAUD in Sekarbela District, so that the research sample was obtained as many as 5 PAUD in Sekarbela District. The results of the research and data analysis showed that the learning media used in developing the language of children aged 4-5 years in PAUD Sekarbela District were 29 learning media or as many as 82.9% of 35 learning media which were included in 4 indicator items, and learning media which are dominantly used in developing the language of children aged 4-5 years in PAUD Sekarbela as many as 5 learning media or as much as 14.2% of 35 learning media which are included in 3 indicator items, as well as effective learning media used in developing children's language. 4-5 years in PAUD Sekarbela District as many as 4 learning media or 11.4% of the 35 learning media which are included in 2 indicator items.
MENERAPKAN KONSEP DASAR DALAM MEMBACA DENGAN METODE TUTOR SEBAYA DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN SISWA KELAS IV DI SDN 4 MONTONG BETOK TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Habibi Muhamad Ridwan
Published: April 2022

Applying Basic Concepts in Reading with the Peer Tutor Method in Order to Improve Reading Comprehension of Grade IV Students at SDN 4 Montong Betok for the 2020/2021 Academic Year. This study aims to determine student learning outcomes through the Peer Tutor Method, in learning Indonesian. This research was conducted in the form of Classroom Action Research. The stages carried out are: Action Planning, Action Implementation, Evaluation/Observation and Reflection. The subjects of this study were fourth grade students in the odd semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. as many as 29 people. The research data are: (1). Student learning outcomes are collected through learning outcomes tests. (2). Student activities were collected through observation guidelines. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. From the results of data analysis, it was found that the increase in students' reading ability can be seen from the increase in the average and completeness of student learning from cycle I to cycle II. In the first cycle the average score of students is 67.5 and in the second cycle the average value is 75.44, or it can be seen that the calculation of the percentage of classical completeness from the first cycle to the second cycle is 62% to 85%. Students who completed the first cycle were 21 students while those who did not complete were 13 (38%) people. But in the second cycle, 29 students (85%) completed and 5 students did not complete (15%). Based on the results of the data above, Peer Tutors can be used as a strategy in the learning process.
REGISTER BAHASA KOMENTATOR MOBILE LEGENDS DALAM TURNAMEN MPL SEASON 5
Authors: Rosyidi Ahmad Zuhri
Published: April 2022

Register is a variety of languages ​​used based on usage, such as online game players who have certain types and functions of registers that distinguish the gamers profession from other professions. Mobile legends is an online game that is played in groups. In a Mobile Legends tournament, not only players are involved in a match but there will also be commentators who will guide and provide comments on the match. The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of the Register Language used by the Mobile Legends game commentator in the MPL season 5 tournament. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection was done by observing the data by replaying the MPL season 5 grand final video many times, then transcribing the video script based on the expressions used and matching the script directly. The data analysis carried out consisted of three processes, namely data selection, data processing, and conclusions. The results of this study found that there was a use of register language that came from a foreign language, namely English which was used by Mobile Legends commentators such as the words first blood, retreat, recall, and play off.
Tinjauan Implementasi Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu di Kota Samarinda Dalam Upaya Menciptakan Pemerintahan Yang Bersih, Transparan dan Akuntabel
Authors: Hasma Hasma
Published: April 2022

Kebijakan otonomi daerah hanya dapat berhasil dan dinikmati oleh masyarakat apabila juga diikuti dengan reformasibirokrasi dan perbaikan kualitas pelayanan publik. Beberapa diantaranya terdapat kesenjangan antara birokrasi dan kualitas pelayanan, seperti dalam kasus relasi antara pemerintah dan warganya seringkali perijinan menjadi indikator untuk menilai apakah suatu pemerintah telah melakukan pencapaian pada kondisi "good government". Birokrasi perijinan merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang menjadi kendala bagi perkembangan dunia usaha di Indonesia pada umumnya dan khususnya di Kota Samarinda. Dalam jurnal ini, kemudian penulis mencoba mengungkap manajemen operasi dalamorganisasi kepemerintahan yang ideal untuk mengimplementasikan pelayanan terpadu satu pintu di Kota Samarinda sebagai upaya menciptakan pemerintahan yang bersih, transparan dan akuntabel.
Gambaran Deteksi Fraudule Financial Report dan Peran Akuntan Publik Dalam Penyelesaiannya
Authors: Anggraeni Leni Susilawati
Published: April 2022

Kecurangan pelaporan keuangan (fraudulent financial reporting) dapat didefinisikan suatu perilaku yang disengaja, baikdengan tindakan atau penghapusan, yang menghasilkan laporan keuangan yang menyesatkan (bias). Oleh karena itu, maka penulis mengamati dan diperlukannya urgensi dalam membahas mengenai gambaran deteksi kecurangan laporan keuangan dan peran akuntan publik dalam menyelesaikannya yang mana akan disajikan dalam laporan penelitian berikut. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Fraud merupakan problem yang serius, maka akuntan publik harus mengambil langkah-langkah komprehensif dalam pencegahan dan pendeteksian fraudulent financial reporting. Pemahaman atas fraudulent financial reporting di kalangan akuntan publik sangat penting, agar lebih dini bisa dilakukan pencegahan dan pendeteksian terhadap fraud. Fraud juga dapat terjadi adanya kolusi antara akuntan publik dengan manajemen suatu perusahaan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan rotasi akuntan publik dalam melakukan audit di perusahaan serta pengawasan yang ketat dari pihak yang berwenang (regulator). Fraudulent financial reporting dapat terjadi kapan saja dan di perusahaan mana saja. Menurut SAS No. 99 dan SPAP, akuntan publik (akuntan publik independen) bertanggung jawab untuk mendeteksi adanya kecurangan (fraud) dalam general audit atas laporan keuangan perusahaan.
Analisis Motivasi dan Semangat Kerja Pada Pegawai PT Astra Otoparts
Authors: Rohayati Ai
Published: April 2022

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What could be the future of the past: capturing a potential value of Gremi historical landscape /რა შეიძლება იყოს წარსულის მომავალი: გრემის ისტორიული ლანდშაფტის პოტენციური ღირებულება
Authors: Jamburia Salome
Published: April 2022

The research aims to reassess the values and cultural significance associated with Gremi, the capital of the vanished Kingdom of Kakheti, through deconstructing its historical past. In doing so, it aims to understand to what extent can Gremi, as a historical landscape, meet the criteria for the UNESCO Silk Roads Transnational Serial World Heritage nomination together with the sites of neighbouring countries as opposed to nominating some of its architectural buildings as a single property.
/კვლევის მიზანია გამქრალი კახეთის სამეფოს დედაქალაქის, გრემის ღირებულებებისა და კულტურული მნიშვნელობის ხელახალი შეფასება, მისი ისტორიული წარსულის დეკონსტრუქციის მეშვეობით. კვლევა მიზნად ისახავს დაადგინოს, თუ რამდენად შესაძლებელია გრემის ისტორიულმა ლანდშაფტმა, მეზობელი ქვეყნების შესაბამისი კულტურული მემკვიდრეობის ძეგლებთან ერთად, დააკმაყოფილოს კრიტერიუმები, რომლებსაც ითვალისწინებს UNESCO-ს „აბრეშუმის გზების ტრანსნაციონალური სერიული მსოფლიო მემკვიდრეობის ნომინაცია“.
The Relationship between Fantasy Genre and Religion (Based on the works of Rowling, Martin and Tolkien) / ფენტეზის ჟანრისა და რელიგიის ურთიერთმიმართება (ჯ. როულინგის, ჯ.რ.რ. მარტინისა და ჯ.რ.რ. ტოლკინის ნაწარმოებების მიხედვით)
Authors: Nadareishvili Avtandil
Published: April 2022

This article is part of a doctoral dissertation. It discusses the works by J. Rowling, J.R.R. Martin, and J.R.R. Tolkien in a religious context. The three works of the fantasy genre (Harry Potter, The Song of Ice and Fire, The Lord of the Rings) are shown from the point of view of religion, and the role that religion plays in the fictional world of each of the authors listed.
/წინამდებარე სტატია წარმოადგენს სადოქტორო დისერტაციის ნაწილს. სტატიაში რელიგიურ ჭრილში განხილულია ჯ. როულინგის, ჯ.რ.რ. მარტინისა და ჯ. რ.რ. ტოლკინის რომანები. ნაჩვენებია, თუ რა მიმართებაშია ფენტეზის ჟანრის სამი ნაწარმოები („ჰარი პოტერის თავგადასავალი“, „ყინულისა და ცეცხლის სიმღერა“ , „ბეჭდების მბრძანებელი“) რელიგიასთან და რა როლი აქვს რელიგიას ჩამოთვლილ ავტორთაგან თითოეულის მიერ გამოგონილ სამყაროში.
Deform 3D Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Fixtures with Support Heads
Authors: NATARAJAN Muthu Mekala , CHINNASAMY Balamurugan , ALPHONSE Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin
Published: April 2022

Thin-walled aluminium parts are employed in a variety of industries, including construction and aerospace. If they are treated to a greater quantity of milling, they are more resistant to deformation. As a result, the stability of the work parts degrades, and the surface roughness increases as a result of this factor. This work proposes the use of a well-designed fixture with support heads to lessen the deformation produced by square thin-walled aluminium plate milling. The suggested fixture system's support heads are comprised of high-carbon steel. The milling experiment is carried out in a CNC Machining centre under machining settings similar to DEFORM 3D-Simulation. The experimental results are validated by measuring surface roughness with the SURFTEST SJ-210 portable Surface Roughness tester in two scenarios: without and with fixtures used during the milling operation. As a result of employing this fixture with support heads to reduce deformation, surface roughness values are reduced by a minimum of 3% to a maximum of 19%. As a result, it has been demonstrated that the proposed fixture with support head may be used to reduce distortion in thin-walled aluminium plates
Item Analysis: Concept and Application
Authors: Ali Rezigalla Assad
Published: April 2022

In the field of medical education, Item analysis is a statistical analysis of student’s responses on exam items and the relationship between them. It provides constructive feedback about items quality, increases the effectiveness of the exam, and supports exam validity and reliability. The decision of adding or removing an item should depends mainly on the result of the item analysis. The feedback of item analysis can support modification of instruction methods. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of item analysis (psychometric analysis) and also can be used as methodological guidance to perform an informative analysis. The chapter discusses item analysis under the following headings, importance of item analysis, factors affecting item analysis, parameters of item analysis and application. The parameters of item analysis includes the indices of the internal consistency, difficulty, discrimination, and distractor analysis.
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) in Prostate Diseases (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer)
Authors: M. Garcia-Gutierrez Carlos , Becerra-Herrejon Habid , A. Garcia-Becerra Carlos , Garcia-Becerra Natalia
Published: April 2022

The minimally invasive, image-guided therapies are a clear option in the urologists’ armamentarium to treat BPH and prostate cancer. During the last decade, advances in the HIFU systems improved the capacities to scan, fuse MR images to target a specific zone, situation that improved the safety and possibility to ablate the cancer in a focalized location or a whole gland ablation, preserving continence and erections, with a proper selection of patients, with good results, comparable with surgery or radiation. In some post radiation failures, it is a very safe option to treat the recurrent cancer. In the case of BPH, the flexibility to ablate exclusively the prostate enlargement, preserving the urethra is a great advantage, considering a fast procedure, no bleeding, and a highly precise treatment, with improvement in the voiding function, improving IPSS and uroflowmetry parameters.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Methotrexate Abruptly Controls Keratinocyte Activation in Psoriasis
Authors: Elango Tamilselvi , Jeyaraj Anburaj , Dayalan Haripriya , Gnanaraj Pushpa , Li Xinghui , Zhang Xuejun
Published: April 2022

In psoriatic skin, epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) undergo deregulated inflammatory response that leads to prolonged expression of inflammatory mediators as well as abnormal keratins. Due to immune and genetic factors, KCs get activated and cell balance gets disturbed. This activation is mainly due to deregulated inflammatory response. A vicious cycle of KC-immune response called KC activation cycle leads to psoriasis. In psoriatic skin, epidermal KCs undergo deregulated inflammatory response that leads to prolonged expression of inflammatory mediators as well as abnormal keratins. Methotrexate (MTX) an immunosuppressive agent has been used as a standard drug to treat severe psoriasis. Acanthosis and abnormal terminal differentiation was mainly due to the mutation in epidermal keratins. In turn, disease severity and relapsing of psoriasis are mainly due to the mutation of hyperproliferative keratins. These novel keratin mutations in psoriatic epidermis might be one of the causative factors for psoriasis. MTX strongly regulates the KC activation cycle by deregulated inflammatory markers and maintains normal keratin phenotype on hyperproliferating KC, thereby controlling acanthosis in psoriasis patients.
Fluoride Detection and Quantification, an Overview from Traditional to Innovative Material-Based Methods
Authors: Hernan Otal Eugenio , Leticia Kim Manuela , Kimura Mutsumi
Published: April 2022

Fluorine is the 13th most abundant element on Earth, and fluoride is part of our everyday lives, present in our drinking water, beauty products, and naturally present in food and beverages. It is a key element to increase the resistance of the dental enamel to the acidic bacteria attack and prevent dental decay. However, the ingestion of this anion for an extended period of time and in concentrations over the recommended limits can produce mild to severe health issues, called fluorosis, that can produce incorrect dental enamel formation, reduce the functionality of joints and even affect the bone structure. To avoid these terrible effects, it is necessary to control the fluoride levels in drinkable water, particularly in communities without access to safe water networks. To achieve this goal, the first step is to identify safe water sources and provision portable and reliable sensors to these communities. A major step towards safe water accessibility would be the implementation of these sensors by the proper use of new materials and technologies. Here we present an overview of the traditional quantification methodologies and the new ones for fluoride detection and quantification, and the future trends on portable devices for user-friendly on-point measurements.
Electro-Peroxone and Photoelectro-Peroxone Hybrid Approaches: An Emerging Paradigm for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Fatima Tatheer , Fazal Tanzeela , Shaheen Nusrat
Published: April 2022

Electrochemical advanced oxidation practices (EAOPs), remarkably, electro-peroxone (EP), photoelectro-peroxone (PEP), and complementary hybrid EP approaches, are emerging technologies on accountability of complete disintegration and elimination of wide spectrum of model pollutants predominantly biodegradable, recalcitrant, and persistent organic pollutants by engendering powerful oxidants in wastewater. A concise mechanism of EP and PEP approaches along with their contribution to free radical formation are scrutinized. Furthermore, this chapter provides a brief review of EP, PEP, and complementary hybrid EP-based EAOPs that have pragmatically treated laboratory-scale low- and high-concentrated distillery biodigester effluent, refractory pharmaceutical, textile, herbicides, micropollutant, organic pollutant, acidic solution, landfill leachates, municipal secondary effluents, hospital, and industries-based wastewater. Afterward, discussion has further extended to quantitatively evaluate energy expenditures in terms of either specific or electrical energy consumptions for EP and PEP practices through their corresponding equations.
Role of Biokinetics Rehabilitation among Spinal Cord Injured (SCI) Patients
Authors: Jordaan Adelle , Jeremy Ellapen Terry , Swanepoel Mariette , Paul Yvonne
Published: April 2022

Spinal cord rehabilitation is a complex and consuming pathology, requiring the skillsets of numerous experts to ensure optimal treatment. To this end, the expertise of an exercise therapist (biokineticist) can play a significant role in health maintenance, as well as in the prevention of the co-morbidities often experienced by this population (elevated risk for metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease associated with SCI), positively improving patients’ overall quality of life. Biokinetics can furthermore help to lower cardiometabolic risks through the prescription of individualized exercise programs and by working in conjunction with other members of the patients’ health team. Physically active spinal cord injured individuals who use their wheelchairs as an exercise machine can benefit from the expertise of a biokineticist as far as these physically active spinal cord injured individuals often experience upper limb neuro-musculoskeletal overuse injuries. In so far as biokineticists are final-phase rehabilitation exercise therapists who prescribe structured physical activity to improve the physical and physiological conditioning of the patient, they are similar to other exercise therapists, such kinesiotherapists, physical therapists, or physiotherapists, and function within a multi-disciplinary rehabilitation team to improve the quality of life of a spinal cord injured individual.
Humane Leadership in Islamic Approaches
Authors: Faridh Hafez Mhd Omar Mohd
Published: April 2022

A leadership style that meets the interests thus ensures the sustainable development of humanity would be a key factor in the current disruptive world. Leadership in Islam prioritizes human values and that becomes a founding principle as stated in the Qur’an and the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Using a descriptive method from previous studies, this study found that three issues would make the country a failed state. Prior to that, a leadership that values humanity is identified as a new approach that deserves attention as it was shown successfully through the leadership of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Such approaches were proven in the following events: 1) to make peace between communities; 2) recognizing the right to life and prohibiting murder; 3) no coercion in religion and social problems; and 4) da’wah activities which are inviting to goodness and forbidding evils. This study concludes that humane leadership that incorporates with fundamental principles of Islam while upholding the universal values of humanity should lead a new narrative in the current disruptive world.
Anticoagulants and Hypercoagulability
Authors: Kalle Kwaifa Ibrahim
Published: April 2022

Anticoagulants are chemical substances that prevent coagulation or prolong the clotting time by suppressing the functions or synthesis of coagulation factors in the blood. Anticoagulation mechanisms are essential in controlling the formation of a blood clot at the site of injury. The abnormalities in the coagulation and fibrinolytic mechanisms could lead to a hypercoagulability state. Inherited hypercoagulable state due, including Factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin gene mutation, defective natural proteins that inhibit coagulation, including antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C and S, high levels of FVII, FIX and FXI, are well-documented. Abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system, including tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA), and elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) have been linked to hypercoagulation. Acquired conditions, including certain cancers and their medications, trauma or surgery, pregnancy, obesity and hyperlipidaemia, have been implicated with hypercoagulable events. The clinical symptoms of hypercoagulability can be devastating and may even have lethal outcomes. This activity reviews the principles of anticoagulation, haemostasis, deficiencies associated with hypercoagulability (both coagulation and fibrinolytic disorders), mechanisms of action of some natural-based products with anticoagulant potentials and highlights new clinical and traditional therapeutic strategies to be taken in improving healthcare for patients demanding anticoagulation.
An Urban Fabric Responsive Last Mile Planning
Authors: Chidambara
Published: April 2022

The chapter aims to cover an important and often neglected aspect of transit planning—that of last mile connectivity (LMC). Today most transit systems extend beyond the city to conurbations or metropolitan regions. However, most often LMC planning is on the hindsight or follows a “one shoe fits all” approach, without taking into cognisance the importance of the urban fabric context of the stations. Last mile solutions that do not respond to the built environment context can result in unsustainable mode choice for LMC or in reduced transit appeal. The chapter presents last mile trip characteristics for stations located in different urban fabrics in the city of Delhi and its surrounding town Noida. It explores the attributes of the built environment that impact last mile travel behaviour across the metropolitan region. Additionally, the paper discusses the level of integration, with a lens on the current last mile environment, policy and planning practice for Delhi. The chapter further makes a case for treating LMC planning as integral to transit planning and outlines last mile planning principles suitable for different urban fabrics.
Pandemics and Financial Assets
Authors: Sarajoti Pattarake , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Papangkorn Suwongrat
Published: April 2022

There have been several pandemics in the history of mankind. One of the major pandemics was the Spanish flu that took place in 1918, in which millions of lives were lost globally. Despite significant advances in science and medicine since then, the COVID-19 pandemic has still caused major impacts around the world. As evidenced, pandemics not only cause social and public health implications, but also cause effects on the economy as well. This chapter addresses the ill effects of pandemics on the economy and presents how the financial markets and financial institutions were influenced and how they responded to the pandemics. More specifically, this chapter identifies the effects of the pandemics on various assets (e.g., crude oil, gold, currencies, equity, bonds, and cryptocurrencies) around the world. In addition, the chapter also presents evidence of corporates’ characteristics relative to their responses to the ill effects of the pandemics.
A Study on Welding-induced Temperature Distribution and Deformation of IMO Type C LNG Fuel Tank Support Structures
Authors: Park Dong-Hee , Yi Myung-Su , Lee Jae-Myung
Published: April 2022

The burden on ship owners and shipping companies has increased due to the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO's) environmental regulations. The countermeasures against these regulations involve using low sulfur oil, installing scrubbers, and using liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel. Among them, the demand for LNG propulsion ships is currently the highest. The most widely used storage device for LNG fuel is the IMO type C tank. The structure of the IMO type C tank is divided into a container part (pressure vessel) and a support part (saddles). In general, epoxy resin for load-bearing and wooden blocks are applied between the pressure vessel and saddles. When the saddles of the saddle-tank integrated fuel tank are welded to a hull, melting of the resin or burn-damage on the wooden blocks may occur due to the welding heat. Therefore, in this study, the temperature distribution of the saddle is checked, and the appropriate minimum height of the saddle is proposed to prevent the functional loss of the resin and wooden blocks during the installation of the saddle-tank integrated fuel tank. In addition, the initial deformation of the saddle according to the welding direction and sequence is evaluated to identify the effect of the welding on the installation of the saddle-tank separated fuel tank.
Recent Trends to Improve Laser Weldability of Al-Si coated Hot-stamped Boron Steel
Authors: Jun Hyunuk , Ji Changwook
Published: April 2022

The current demand for vehicles with high fuel efficiency, which has improved their safety, as well as enhanced crash worthiness qualities is being met by the use of high-strength components fabricated via the hot stamping process. Most of the Al-Si coated layer is applied to prevent oxidation and decarburization caused by this process. During laser welding, the layer is diluted in the fusion zone and segregation, and ferrite is formed in some areas, causing deterioration of mechanical properties. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review for the weldability improvement of Al-Si-coated boron steel from various aspects. Three main solutions have been applied to form full austenitization in the fusion zone; removing the Al-Si coated layer, inducing strong austenite stabilizers, and introducing new laser welding process such as arc pre-treatment, dual-beam laser welding, and laser oscillation welding.
A Cristo por Virgilio. Evangelización e inculturación en la Roma del siglo IV: el caso del Centón de Proba
Authors: Flores Miguel ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article examines the Cento Virgilianus (= Cento), focusing on the author, and the literary structure of the composition. It also examines the quotations of the Bible and of pagan authors, and the way in which they are combined within the Cento.
El ‘De immortalitate animæ’ y sus fuentes
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the sources that have inspired Saint Augustine’s work De immortalitate animas, departing from the classical theories on the subject. Stressing that in the moment before receiving Baptism, Augustine’s tradition did not depend on Platonism as much as it has been generally thought, but that it had other sources, not only the new Christian Faith, but also the suggestions from many classical authors such as Cicero and Varro. To demonstrate this, some texts are analyzed to point out the sources of inspiration, especially that of Varro.
Influencia de Aristóteles en la concepción agustiniana del matrimonio
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Ruiz Javier ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article demonstrares that Augustine’s conception regarding marriage is greatly influenced by Aristotle, whose theories were transmitted to him by Latin Authors such as Cicero and Varro. The article does not make a complete and detailed presentation of Augustine’s philosophy concerning marriage. Nevertheless, the elements in which the influence of Aristotle can be seen are stressed, among others, in the social and congenial character of marriage.
Trade off between simplicity and precision of index models
Authors: Leković Miljan , Stanišić Tanja , Pantić Nemanja
Published: April 2022

In the basis of contemporary portfolio theory is Markowitz model of portfolio analysis which accurately defines a set of efficient portfolios for a relatively small number of securities in its composition. With the increase in the number of securities in the portfolio, the application of the Markowitz's model becomes complex, so financial theory found the solution of the problem in the single-index Sharpe's model. The later emergence of multi-index models, which better reflect reality, increased precision in determining a set of efficient portfolios, but at the cost of greater complexity of the model. The aim of the research is to analyze a kind of substitution between the simplicity and precision of the model, and to search answer to the question of what is the optimal number of explanatory factors of the model. Using qualitative economic analysis method, it was concluded that the number of factors (indexes) in the model should be increased until marginal benefits in the form of increased precision are equalized with marginal costs in the form of increased complexity, reduced applicability and associated costs of obtaining informations. In striving for greater precision of models, financial analysts must not overlook that the index models emerged from the practical necessity of simplifying the original Markowitz's model.
A historical-legal review of Hammurabi's Code
Authors: Kovačević Danijela
Published: April 2022

Hammurabi's code shows the social relations of that time, although most of these relations were regulated by the Law of Contract. The Code covers a variety of legal matters: it regulates very complex property, family, obligatory and criminal-legal relations including the judiciary provisions. The Code expresses the class character of the society, because it primarily protects the interests of the ruling class and punishes the members of the ruling and subordinate classes differently for the same crimes. The Code was carved in a stone pillar and it was found by M. Morgan in 1901. This masterpiece of a human's thought, almost four millennia old, was engraved in the stone of Babylon (Hammurabi) for the temple of Sippar (now the ruins of Abu Dhabi near Baghdad). An undamaged inscription of the Code is kept in the British Museum.
Barriers of new technology introduction and disadvantages of industry 4.0 for industrial enterprises
Authors: Pech Martin , Vaněček Drahoš
Published: April 2022

The rise of new technologies known as the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), brings a transformation that makes it possible to produce and manufacture products on machines through robots in modern smart factories. Industry 4.0 will increase productivity, quality of goods, foster industrial growth, and modify the profile of the workforce and required competences. However, such benefits and advantages should be assessed in light of potential barriers and negative consequences. The paper deals with the barriers of new technology introduction and main disadvantages of Industry 4.0. Based on questionnaire research in 217 industrial enterprises, the differences between enterprises according to their size and technological intensity are analysed. The main barriers of technology introduction and Industry 4.0 disadvantages are lack of funds, high costs, production process optimization and high investment need. The research confirmed only small differences in managers' preferences of Industry 4.0 technology barriers and Industry 4.0 disadvantages according to the enterprise size. The technological intensity was important only partly in case of perception of Industry 4.0 disadvantages. The key contributions of this work are promising results for a better understanding of technology barriers and Industry 4.0 disadvantages.