bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Azerbaijan
Authors: LELEJ ARKADY S. , PROSHCHALYKIN MAXIM YU. , MAHARRAMOV MAHIR M.
Published: June 2022

Fifty-eight species in 19 genera are recorded from Azerbaijan. A new synonymy is proposed for Mutilla sinuata Olivier, 1811 (=M. binotata Radoszkowski, 1879, syn. nov.; M. araratica Radoszkowski, 1890, syn. nov.) and Smicromyrme atrithorax (André, 1902) (=S. kurdus Skorikov, 1935, syn. nov.). The lectotypes of seven species: Agama caucasica Radoszkowski, 1885, ♂; Ephutomma radoszkovskii Skorikov, 1935, ♂; Mutilla armeniaca Kolenati, 1846, ♀; M. elongata Radoszkowski, 1885, ♂; M. binotata Radoszkowski 1879, ♀; M. araratica Radoszkowski 1890, ♀; and M. villosa Klug 1829, ♀ are designated. Fourteen species are recorded for the first time from Azerbaijan: Dasylabris (Inbaltilla) regalis (Fabricius, 1793); D. (I.) popovi Skorikov, 1935; D. (I.) shelkovnikovi Lelej, 1985; Dentilla erronea (André, 1900); Myrmilla (M.) calva (Villers, 1789); M. (Pseudomutilla) glabrata (Fabricius, 1775); M. (P.) vutshetitshi Skorikov, 1927; Physetopoda daghestanica (Radoszkowski, 1885); Pseudophotopsis armeniaca (Skorikov, 1935); Smicromyrme (Astomyrme) ausonius Invrea 1950; S. (Eremotilla) novaki Invrea, 1954; S. (Smicromyrme) ruficollis ruficollis (Fabricius, 1793); S. (S.) rufipes (Fabricius, 1787); and S. (S.) tristis Lelej, 1984. Four species are excluded from the list of Azerbaijan fauna. An updated key to three Palaearctic species of Macromyrme Lelej, 1984 is given and new combination and resurrected status are proposed for Macromyrme villosa (Klug, 1829). A cluster analysis of faunal similarities among Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey and three regions of Russia (Crimea, North Caucasus, south of European part) for Mutillidae produce two major clusters (index similarity 0.4): Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey and Georgia (bootstrap probability 45 %), and three regions of Russia (bootstrap probability 87 %). This demonstrates the important boundary between two large biogeographical subregions of Palaearctic: Mediterranean and Euro-Siberian. The Azerbaijan fauna, especially Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, is most closely related with the Armenian fauna.
Prevalence and predictors of elective and emergency caesarean delivery among reproductive-aged women in Bangladesh: evidence from demographic and health survey, 2017–18
Authors: Muhammad T. , Srivastava Shobhit , Kumar Pradeep , Rashmi Rashmi
Published: June 2022

Background

Over the years, an increasing trend of unnecessary caesarean section (c-section) deliveries has raised concerns in Bangladesh. So far, many studies have reported the risk factors of c-section delivery in Bangladesh. However, most of these studies did not estimate the predictors of the two c-section procedures (i.e., emergency and elective) separately based on the timing of the c-section decision. This study solely brings forward the role of socio-demographic and economic factors that may be associated differently with emergency and elective c-section deliveries.

Methods

Data for the study were drawn from the 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey with 5,299 women aged 15–49 years who gave birth at a health facility during three years preceding the survey. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis were used to fulfill the study objectives. Further, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted on binary outcome variables of elective/emergency c-section deliveries.

Results

Approximately one-third of women in the reproductive-age group opted for delivery through c-section. Out of them, 18.7% of women had elective c-sections, and 14.1% had emergency c-sections. Women who had mass media exposure were 32% more likely to deliver through elective c-sections than women who had no exposure [AOR: 1.32; CI: 1.02–1.72]. Women with higher education had a 56% lower likelihood of delivering through emergency c-section than women with no educational status [AOR: 0.44; CI: 0.24–0.83]. Children from the third or higher birth order were significantly more likely to be delivered through elective c-sections than those from the first birth order [AOR: 2.67; CI: 1.75–4.05]. In contrast, children with higher birth order had fewer chances of emergency c-section than children with first birth order [AOR: 0.29; CI: 0.18 -0.45]. Both elective and emergency c-section deliveries were significantly higher among private health facilities.

Conclusion

Although c-section delivery has emerged as a life-saving intervention, the overuse of such practice has created lucrative risks for the mother and unborn child. Proper sensitization of mothers and families can enhance the knowledge of the unsafe nature of unnecessary c-section deliveries. Authorizations in case of over-use of elective and emergency c-sections should be observed to minimize the unnecessary c-sections and related complications and to increase normal institutional deliveries in Bangladesh.
Effect of physical therapy on bone remodelling in preterm infants: a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Torró-Ferrero Galaad , Fernández-Rego Francisco Javier , Jiménez-Liria María Rosario , Agüera-Arenas Juan Jose , Piñero-Peñalver Jessica , Sánchez-Joya María del Mar , Fernández-Berenguer María Jesús , Rodríguez-Pérez Mónica , Gomez-Conesa Antonia
Published: June 2022

Background

Preterm infants have a low level of bone mineralization compared to those born at term, since 80% of calcium incorporation occurs at the end of pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of reflex locomotion therapy on bone modeling and growth in preterm infants and to compare its effect with those of other Physiotherapy modalities.

Methods

A multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted (02/2016 – 07/2020). 106 preterm infants born at the Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital, the General University Hospital of Elche and the Torrecárdenas University Hospital of Almería, between 26 and 34 weeks with hemodynamic stability, complete enteral nutrition and without any metabolic, congenital, genetic, neurological or respiratory disorders were evaluated for inclusion. Infants were randomly assigned to three groups: one group received reflex locomotion therapy (EGrlt); another group received passive mobilizations with gentle joint compression (EGpmc); and the control group received massage (CG). All treatments were carried out in the neonatal units lasting one month. The main outcome measure was bone formation and resorption measured with bone biomarkers. A mixed ANOVA was used to compare the results of bone biomarkers, and anthropometric measurements.

Results

Infants were randomized to EGrlt (n = 38), EGpmc (n = 32), and CG (n = 36). All groups were similar in terms of gender (p = 0.891 female 47.2%), gestational age (M = 30.753, SD = 1.878, p = 0.39) and birth weight (M = 1413.45, SD = 347.36, p = 0.157). At the end of the study, significant differences were found between the groups in their interaction in bone formation, measured with osteocalcin [F (2,35) = 4.92, p = 0.013, ηp2 = 0.043], in benefit of the EGrlt.

Conclusions

Reflex locomotion therapy has been effective in improving bone formation, more so than other Physiotherapy modalities. Therefore, reflex locomotion therapy could be considered one of the most effective physiotherapeutic modalities for the prevention and treatment of osteopenia of prematurity.

Trial registrstion

Trial retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. First posted on 22/04/2020. Registration number: NCT04356807.
Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin K prophylaxis utilization among neonates in rural Ethiopia in 2016
Authors: Negash Berhan Tsegaye , Alelgn Yitateku
Published: June 2022

Background

Neonatal Mortality Ratio (NMR) could not be reversed sufficiently in Ethiopia in the last couple of years. Neonatal bleeding is one of the major causes of neonatal deaths. Administration of vitamin K prophylaxis at birth is the proven strategy to reduce neonatal death which can be caused by vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Although World Health Organization (WHO) recommends universal supplementation of vitamin K prophylaxis for all neonates at birth, many neonates could not get it in many resource poor countries. Despite its importance, information is scarce about uptake of vitamin K prophylaxis in Ethiopia in 2016. Therefore, this study aimed to identify prevalence and factors associated with vitamin K prophylaxis utilization among neonates in Ethiopia in 2016.

Methods

Secondary data analysis of EDHS 2016 was done to assess prevalence and predictors of vitamin K prophylaxis among neonates in Ethiopia five years before EDHS 2016. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used in EDHS 2016. Sample weight and complex analysis were used to minimize bias. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with vitamin K prophylaxis. Finally, adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated and P-value less than 0.05 taken as the cuff of point for declaration of the statistical significant association.

Results

Prevalence of vitamin K prophylaxis among neonates in Ethiopia in 2016 was found to be 4710(65.5%) in this study. Factors like: Institutional delivery (AOR = 2.2, 95%CI: 1.8, 2.7), neonates from richest family (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.6, 2.7), neonates from richer household (AOR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1, 1.8), starting of antenatal care from 3–6 months of gestational age (AOR = 2.9, 95%CI: 2.3, 3.6) were factors positively associated with vitamin K prophylaxis in Ethiopia.

Conclusion and recommendation

Compared with expected world health organization recommendation of universal supplementation vitamin K prophylaxis, vitamin K utilization is lower among neonates in this study. Hence, it is recommended that strengthen early antenatal care initiation and improving community awareness about vitamin K prophylaxis are the key interventions to improve its uptake. Furthermore, improving institutional delivery might increase uptake of vitamin K prophylaxis.
A latent class analysis of health risk behaviours in the UK Police Service and their associations with mental health and job strain
Authors: Irizar Patricia , Gage Suzanne H. , Fallon Victoria , Goodwin Laura
Published: June 2022

Background

Health risk behaviours (e.g., harmful drinking and smoking) often cluster together and can be associated with poor mental health and stress. This study examined how health risk behaviours cluster together in individuals in a high stress occupation (UK Police Service), and the associations with mental health and job strain.

Methods

Data was obtained from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study (25,234 male and 14,989 female police employees), which included measures of health risk behaviours (alcohol use, diet, smoking status, physical activity), poor mental health (depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]), and job strain (low, high, active, passive). Classes of health risk behaviours were identified using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and the associations with mental health and job strain were analysed through multinomial logistic regressions.

Results

For men and women, a 5-class solution was the best fit. Men and women with depression, anxiety, and/or PTSD (analysed as separate variables) had at least double the odds of being assigned to the “high health risk behaviours” class, compared to those with no mental health problem. Compared to those reporting low strain, men and women reporting high strain had increased odds of being assigned to the “low risk drinkers with other health risk behaviours” classes.

Conclusions

These finding highlight the importance of holistic interventions which target co-occurring health risk behaviours, to prevent more adverse physical health consequences. Police employees with poor mental health are more likely to engage in multiple health risk behaviours, which suggests they may need additional support. However, as the data was cross-sectional, the temporal associations between the classes and mental health or job strain could not be determined.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults who present with self-harm: a comparative 6-month follow-up study
Authors: Olsson Petter , Wiktorsson Stefan , Strömsten Lotta M. J. , Salander Renberg Ellinor , Runeson Bo , Waern Margda
Published: June 2022

Background

ADHD is common in psychiatric populations. This study aimed to compare clinical characteristics in adults with and without ADHD who presented with self-harm, and to compare later risk of suicidal behaviour within 6 months.

Methods

Eight hundred four adults presented with self-harm (with and without suicidal intent) at psychiatric emergency services at three Swedish hospitals. Persons with a discharge ICD-10 diagnosis F90.0-F90.9 or a prescription for ADHD medication were considered to have ADHD (n = 93). Medical records were reviewed for evidence of subsequent suicide attempts (SA) within 6 months; suicides were identified by national register.

Results

Recent relationship problems were more prevalent in the ADHD group. While the index episodes of those with ADHD were more often non-suicidal, and actual SAs more often rated as impulsive, medical lethality at presentation did not differ in attempters with and without ADHD. Subsequent SAs (fatal or non-fatal) were observed in 29% of the ADHD group and 20% in all others (P = .005). A logistic regression model showed elevated risk of suicidal behaviour during follow-up in the ADHD group (OR = 1.70, CI 1.05–2.76), although a final regression model suggested that this association was partly explained by age and comorbid emotionally unstable personality disorder.

Conclusions

Findings highlight the need for clinicians to take self-harm seriously in adults with ADHD.
Fondaparinux sodium and low molecular weight heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in Chinese patients with major orthopedic surgery or trauma: a real-world study
Authors: Fu Donglin , Li Li , Li Yifan , Liu Xiaofei , Chen Hongkang , Wu Naitian , Sun Guangfeng
Published: June 2022

Background

The present real-world study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between fondaparinux sodium (FPX) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in Chinese patients with major orthopedic surgery or trauma.

Methods

A total of 2429 patients, with major orthopedic surgery or trauma, underwent FPX (n = 1177) or LMWH (n = 1252) for VTE prophylaxis and were retrospectively reviewed. Primary outcomes, including in-hospital VTE and in-hospital major bleeding incidences, as well as the secondary outcomes, including in-hospital minor bleeding, in-hospital death, and VTE/bleeding/death within 2 months after discharge, were analyzed. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was conducted.

Results

FPX group exhibited lower in-hospital VTE (0.1% vs. 0.8%; P = 0.032, crude OR = 0.11 before IPTW; P = 0.046, weighted OR = 0.12 after IPTW) and in-hospital minor bleeding (17.8% vs. 26.8%; P < 0.001, crude OR = 0.59 before IPTW; P < 0.001, weighted OR = 0.67 after IPTW) compared to LMWH group. Furthermore, no difference of in-hospital major bleeding, in-hospital death, and VTE/bleeding/death within 2 months after discharge was observed between FPX group and LMWH group (all P > 0.05). Further subgroup analyses identified, in specific cluster of patients such as older age, renal function impairment, hypertension and so on, in-hospital VTE was declined in FPX group compared to LMWH group (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions

FPX is probable to exhibit a superior thromboprophylaxis efficacy compared with LMWH in in-hospital patients with major orthopedic surgery or trauma, especially in some special patients such as older age, renal function impairment, hypertension, etc.
A prospective multicenter study of the efficacy of a fiber-supplemented dietary intervention in dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhea
Authors: Fritsch Dale A. , Wernimont Susan M. , Jackson Matthew I. , MacLeay Jennifer M. , Gross Kathy L.
Published: June 2022

Background

Chronic large bowel diarrhea is common in dogs and can have a significant impact on their overall health and well being. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a therapeutic food with select dietary plant fibers known to contain antioxidant and polyphenol compounds on clinical signs in dogs with chronic diarrhea.

Methods

A prospective clinical study was conducted in 31 adult dogs currently experiencing chronic diarrhea from private veterinary practices in the United States. Enrolled dogs were switched to a complete and balanced dry therapeutic food containing whole grains and polyphenol-containing fiber sources for 56 days. Veterinarians evaluated changes from baseline in overall clinical signs, recurrence of clinical signs, and stool parameters at Days 2, 3, 4, 28, and 56. Dog owners evaluated stool consistency daily and nausea/vomiting, quality of life (QoL), and stooling behaviors at Days 1, 14, 28, and 56. Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed-effects model with Day as a fixed-effect.

Results

Assessments of overall clinical response and stool parameters indicated that diarrhea improved significantly within 1 day of initiating the therapeutic food. Veterinarians reported that 68% of dogs had complete resolution of their clinical signs by Day 56 and the remaining 32% experienced improvement (P < 0.05), with no cases of recurrence. Veterinarians also reported improvement in stool consistency (P < 0.001) and reductions of blood and mucus in stool (P < 0.001). Significant improvements in nausea/vomiting, stooling behaviors, and quality of life (QoL) were reported by dog owners after 28 days and were sustained through day 56 (P < 0.05). The therapeutic food was safe and well tolerated.

Conclusions

In dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhea, the therapeutic food rapidly improved stool consistency, resolved clinical signs, and improved stooling behaviors and QoL. Therapeutic foods supplemented with fiber sources rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds contribute to rapid resolution of chronic diarrhea without recurrence and may contribute to long term health.
Geographic distribution of human leishmaniasis and phlebotomine sand flies in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Neitzke-Abreu Herintha Coeto , Costa Gabriel Barbosa , da Silva Milena Nunes , Palacio Edith , da Silva Cardoso Alexandre , de Almeida Paulo Silva , da Costa Lima-Junior Manoel Sebastião
Published: June 2022

Background

In the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, sand flies and cases of visceral (VL) and cutaneous (CL) leishmaniases have been reported in almost all municipalities. The aim of this study was to analyze the geographic distribution of VL and CL in relation the sand fly species found in the municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Methods

We analyzed VL and CL cases from 2001 to 2018 using data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). Data collected since 2003 on the presence of sand fly vectors (proven or suspected) were provided by the State Health Secretariat.

Results

A total of 3566 and 3030 cases of VL and CL, respectively, were reported from 2001 to 2018. The municipalities with the most reported cases of VL were Campo Grande (2495), Três Lagoas (442), Corumbá (140) and Aquidauana (136); and those for CL were Campo Grande (635) and Bodoquena (197). The following sand fly species with vector potential were found in 59 municipalities (74.7%): Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia cruzi, Nyssomyia whitmani, Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai, Pintomyia pessoai, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata and Pintomyia fischeri. Sand flies were present in six municipalities where no cases of VL were reported and in two municipalities where no cases of CL were reported.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the geographical distribution of VL and CL in Mato Grosso do Sul expanded during the study period, and highlight the presence of sand fly vectors in municipalities where these diseases are currently considered to be non-endemic.

Graphical Abstract
What are the odds? Identifying factors related to competitive success in powerlifting
Authors: van den Hoek Daniel J. , Owen Patrick J. , Garrett Joel M. , Howells Robert J. , Pearson Joshua , Spathis Jemima G. , Latella Christopher
Published: June 2022

Background

The ability for athletes to gain a competitive advantage over their opponents is well recognised. At times, this advantage may be considered a marginal gain. However, in the context of competition, marginal advantages may be the difference between winning and losing. This investigation explores how competition factors influence the odds of competitive success (i.e. winning) in powerlifting (PL) to assist athletes and coaches in achieving a competitive advantage.

Methods

A cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of competition data from raw/classic, Australian powerlifting competitions 2010–2019 was conducted. Data included 10,599 competition entries (males: n = 6567 [62%], females: n = 4032 [38%]). Independent t-tests were used to compare continuous data between sexes or winners and non-winners at an event. Cohen’s d and the 95% confidence interval (d [95% CI]) were calculated. Univariate odds of winning an event based on independent variables (age [irrespective of category], sex, body weight and weight of first lift attempt [regardless of success]), were assessed by separate simple logistic regression.

Results

When compared to males, the odds of winning for females were 50% greater (OR [95% CI] 1.500 [1.384, 1.625]; P < 0.001). Athletes who had larger first lift attempts (Squat: + 7.0 kg P < 0.001, Bench Press: + 3.2 kg P < 0.001, and Deadlift: + 6.1 kg P < 0.001and competed for a longer period (winners: 401 vs non-winners: 304 days, P < 0.001) had an increased likelihood winning. Age was associated with increased odds of success for males (OR [95% CI] 1.014 [1.009, 1.019], P < 0.001) per additional year of age for males, but not females (P = 0.509).

Conclusions

Multiple factors appear to contribute to the likelihood of winning a PL competition. These results may help coaches to develop competition and training strategies that optimise athletes’ likelihood of competitive success in PL.
Therapeutic bronchoscopy followed by sequential radiochemotherapy in the management of life-threatening tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Elhidsi Mia , Zaini Jamal , Ghanie Aziza , Huswatun Aida Lutfi , Beginta Romi , Mety Susan Hendriarini , Syahruddin Elisna
Published: June 2022

Background

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung is a distinctive salivary-gland-type malignant epithelial neoplasm that rarely presents as a primary tumor of the respiratory tract. Complete surgical resection remains the treatment of choice for adenoid cystic carcinoma. We present a case of large ACC tumors that caused severe central airway obstruction and were effectively treated with therapeutic bronchoscopy followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Case presentation

A 31-year-old Malay Indonesian female patient who was a nonsmoker and had no family history of cancer was admitted to the emergency ward because of worsening breathlessness accompanied by stridor since 1 week prior. Chest computed tomography revealed segmental atelectasis of the left lung; a mass on the left main bronchus, with infiltrates in segments 1, 2, and 3 of the left lung; and consolidation in the left inferior lobe, with narrowing of the main left bronchus. Lobulated masses obstructing almost the entire distal trachea up to the carina and the entire left main bronchus were found on bronchoscopy. Owing to the large tumors causing severe central airway obstruction, the medical team decided to perform central airway mass removal through rigid bronchoscopy. A neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser was used first to facilitate mass shrinkage. After the laser treatment, mechanical mass removal using a rigid scope was performed. The tracheal and carinal lumens were opened to > 50% of their diameter, with the left main bronchus lumen opened only slightly. After the treatment, the patient was stable, and no stridor was found. Adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy and chemotherapy were performed after the therapeutic bronchoscopy. At the end of the entire treatment, reevaluation by thoracic computed tomography scan and bronchoscopy revealed no remaining mass.

Conclusions

In cases of nonresectable large adenoid cystic carcinoma tumors with life-threatening central airway obstruction, therapeutic bronchoscopy followed by sequential radiochemotherapy might achieve a complete response outcome.
Stroke recovery phenotyping through network trajectory approaches and graph neural networks
Authors: Krishnagopal Sanjukta , Lohse Keith , Braun Robynne
Published: June 2022

Stroke is a leading cause of neurological injury characterized by impairments in multiple neurological domains including cognition, language, sensory and motor functions. Clinical recovery in these domains is tracked using a wide range of measures that may be continuous, ordinal, interval or categorical in nature, which can present challenges for multivariate regression approaches. This has hindered stroke researchers’ ability to achieve an integrated picture of the complex time-evolving interactions among symptoms. Here, we use tools from network science and machine learning that are particularly well-suited to extracting underlying patterns in such data, and may assist in prediction of recovery patterns. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we analyzed data from the NINDS tPA trial using the Trajectory Profile Clustering (TPC) method to identify distinct stroke recovery patterns for 11 different neurological domains at 5 discrete time points. Our analysis identified 3 distinct stroke trajectory profiles that align with clinically relevant stroke syndromes, characterized both by distinct clusters of symptoms, as well as differing degrees of symptom severity. We then validated our approach using graph neural networks to determine how well our model performed predictively for stratifying patients into these trajectory profiles at early vs. later time points post-stroke. We demonstrate that trajectory profile clustering is an effective method for identifying clinically relevant recovery subtypes in multidimensional longitudinal datasets, and for early prediction of symptom progression subtypes in individual patients. This paper is the first work introducing network trajectory approaches for stroke recovery phenotyping, and is aimed at enhancing the translation of such novel computational approaches for practical clinical application.
Role of microRNAs in regulation of WNT signaling pathway in urothelial and prostate cancers
Authors: Montazer Mehdi , Taghehchian Negin , Mojarrad Majid , Moghbeli Meysam
Published: June 2022

Background

Urothelial cancer (UC) and prostate cancer (PCa) are the most common cancers among men with a high ratio of mortality in advanced-stages. The higher risk of these malignancies among men can be associated with higher carcinogens exposure. Molecular pathology of UC and PCa is related to the specific mutations and aberrations in some signaling pathways. WNT signaling is a highly regulated pathway that has a pivotal role during urothelial and prostate development and homeostasis. This pathway also plays a vital role in adult stem cell niches to maintain a balance between stemness and differentiation. Deregulation of the WNT pathway is frequently correlated with tumor progression and metastasis in urothelial and prostate tumors. Therefore, regulatory factors of WNT pathways are being investigated as diagnostic or prognostic markers and novel therapeutic targets during urothelial and prostate tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a pivotal role in WNT signaling regulation in which there are interactions between miRNAs and WNT signaling pathway during tumor progression. Since, the miRNAs are sensitive, specific, and noninvasive, they can be introduced as efficient biomarkers of tumor progression.

Main body

In present review, we have summarized all of the miRNAs that have been involved in regulation of WNT signaling pathway in urothelial and prostate cancers.

Conclusions

It was observed that miRNAs were mainly involved in regulation of WNT signaling in bladder cancer cells through targeting the WNT ligands and cytoplasmic WNT components such as WNT5A, WNT7A, CTNNB1, GSK3β, and AXIN. Whereas, miRNAs were mainly involved in regulation of WNT signaling in prostate tumor cells via targeting the cytoplasmic WNT components and WNT related transcription factors such as CTNNB1, GSK3β, AXIN, TCF7, and LEF1. MiRNAs mainly functioned as tumor suppressors in bladder and prostate cancers through the WNT signaling inhibition. This review paves the way of introducing a noninvasive diagnostic panel of WNT related miRNAs in urothelial and prostate tumors.
Applying Artificial Neural Networks to Develop a Decision Support Tool for Tis–4N0M0 Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Nemoto Takafumi , Takeda Atsuya , Matsuo Yukinori , Kishi Noriko , Eriguchi Takahisa , Kunieda Etsuo , Kimura Ryusei , Sanuki Naoko , Tsurugai Yuichiro , Yagi Masamichi , Aoki Yousuke , Oku Yohei , Kimura Yuto , Han Changhee , Shigematsu Naoyuki
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

Clear evidence indicating whether surgery or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is best for non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lacking. SBRT has many advantages. We used artificial neural networks (NNs) to predict treatment outcomes for patients with NSCLC receiving SBRT, aiming to aid in decision making.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Among consecutive patients receiving SBRT between 2005 and 2019 in our institution, we retrospectively identified those with Tis–T4N0M0 NSCLC. We constructed two NNs for prediction of overall survival (OS) and cancer progression in the first 5 years after SBRT, which were tested using an internal and an external test data set. We performed risk group stratification, wherein 5-year OS and cancer progression were stratified into three groups.

RESULTS

In total, 692 patients in our institution and 100 patients randomly chosen in the external institution were enrolled. The NNs resulted in concordance indexes for OS of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.79), 0.68 (95% CI, 0.60 to 0.75), and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.76) and area under the curve for cancer progression of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.84), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.60 to 0.83), and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.81) in the training, internal test, and external test data sets, respectively. The survival and cumulative incidence curves were significantly stratified. NNs selected low-risk cancer progression groups of 5.6%, 6.9%, and 7.0% in the training, internal test, and external test data sets, respectively, suggesting that 48% of patients with peripheral Tis–4N0M0 NSCLC can be at low-risk for cancer progression.

CONCLUSION

Predictions of SBRT outcomes using NNs were useful for Tis–4N0M0 NSCLC. Our results are anticipated to open new avenues for NN predictions and provide decision-making guidance for patients and physicians.
Defining Essential Childhood Cancer Medicines to Inform Prioritization and Access: Results From an International, Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Denburg Avram E. , Fundytus Adam , Khan Muhammad Saghir , Howard Scott C. , Antillon-Klussmann Federico , Sengar Manju , Lombe Dorothy , Hopman Wilma , Jalink Matthew , Gyawali Bishal , Trapani Dario , Roitberg Felipe , De Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Moja Lorenzo , Ilbawi André , Sullivan Richard , Booth Christopher M.
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

Access to essential cancer medicines is a major determinant of childhood cancer outcomes globally. The degree to which pediatric oncologists deem medicines listed on WHO's Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc) essential is unknown, as is the extent to which such medicines are accessible on the front lines of clinical care.

METHODS

An electronic survey developed was distributed through the International Society of Pediatric Oncology mailing list to members from 87 countries. Respondents were asked to select 10 cancer medicines that would provide the greatest benefit to patients in their context; subsequent questions explored medicine availability and cost. Descriptive and bivariate statistics compared access to medicines between low- and lower-middle–income countries (LMICs), upper-middle–income countries (UMICs), and high-income countries (HICs).

RESULTS

Among 159 respondents from 44 countries, 43 (27%) were from LMICs, 79 (50%) from UMICs, and 37 (23%) from HICs. The top five medicines were methotrexate (75%), vincristine (74%), doxorubicin (74%), cyclophosphamide (69%), and cytarabine (65%). Of the priority medicines identified, 87% (27 of 31) are represented on the 2021 EMLc and 77% (24 of 31) were common to the lists generated by LMIC, UMIC, and HIC respondents. The proportion of respondents indicating universal availability for each of the top medicines ranged from 9% to 46% for LMIC, 25% to 89% for UMIC, and 67% to 100% for HIC. Risk of catastrophic expenditure was more common in LMIC (8%-20%), compared with UMIC (0%-28%) and HIC (0%).

CONCLUSION

Most medicines that oncologists deem essential for childhood cancer treatment are currently included on the EMLc. Barriers remain in access to these medicines, characterized by gaps in availability and risks of catastrophic expenditure for families that are most pronounced in low-income settings but evident across all income contexts.
Guidance to Support the Implementation of Specialized Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Care: A Qualitative Analysis of Cancer Programs
Authors: Haines Emily , Asad Sarah , Lux Lauren , Gan Hilary , Noskoff Kara , Kumar Bindu , Roggenkamp Betty , Salsman John M. , Birken Sarah
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE:

The nearly 90,000 adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with cancer in the United States yearly have tended to occupy a no-man's land between medical and pediatric oncology, often reporting that existing models of care are misaligned with their needs and preferences. Although guidelines for optimal AYA cancer care are increasingly available, the implementation of such standards has been varied. This may be in part due to a lack of guidance for implementing specialized AYA care. In this study, we leveraged an implementation science framework to identify barriers and generate practical guidance to inform the implementation of specialized AYA cancer care.

METHODS:

We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, with AYA care stakeholders (N = 32 from 14 cancer programs). Our multidisciplinary research team analyzed interview transcriptions using a template analysis approach and gleaned from interviews practical guidance for implementing specialized AYA care.

RESULTS:

Participants reported barriers to implementing specialized AYA care across all five Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains: (1) intervention characteristics (eg, costs), (2) inner setting (eg, difficulties in collaborating between pediatric and medical oncology), (3) outer setting (eg, patient-level barriers to participating in AYA services), (4) individual characteristics (eg, attitudes about AYA oncology), and (5) process (eg, lack of metrics for program evaluation). They also shared practical guidance for addressing these barriers.

CONCLUSION:

Emerging guidance on the core elements of AYA cancer care must be matched with guidance to support the implementation of specialized AYA care. This study contributes to the body of evidence available to inform future implementation efforts.
Structure of the dengue virus RNA promoter
Authors: Sun Yi-Ting , Varani Gabriele
Published: June 2022

Dengue virus, a single-stranded positive sense RNA virus, is the most prevalent mosquito-borne pathogen in the world. Like all RNA viruses, it uses conserved structural elements within its genome to control essential replicative steps. A 70 nt stem–loop RNA structure (called SLA), found at the 5′-end of the genome of all flaviviruses, functions as the promoter for viral replication. This highly conserved structure interacts with the viral polymerase NS5 to initiate RNA synthesis. Here, we report the NMR structure of a monomeric SLA from dengue virus serotype 1, assembled to high-resolution from independently folded structural elements. The DENV1 SLA has an L-shaped structure, where the top and side helices are coaxially stacked, and the bottom helix is roughly perpendicular to them. Because the sequence is highly conserved among different flavivirus genomes, it is very likely that the three-dimensional fold and local structure of SLA are also conserved among flaviviruses and required for efficient replication. This work provides structural insight into the dengue promoter and provides the foundation for the discovery of new antiviral drugs that target this essential replicative step.
Relationship between epileptic seizures and spiritual distress
Authors: Çaksen Hüseyin
Published: June 2022

Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the brain characterized by an enduring (i.e., persisting) predisposition to generate seizures, unprovoked by any immediate central nervous system insult, and by the neurobiologic, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of seizure recurrences. Spiritual distress is defined as "a disruption in the life principle that pervades a person's entire being and that integrates and transcends one's biological and psychological nature.” It is well know that stress, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, sleep deprivation and fatigue are seizure-triggering factors. Some patients with epilepsy also experienced that their epilepsy had a spiritual causes. Based on our observations and the literature data, we think that spiritual distress/causes are a seizure trigger in patients with epilepsy and responsible from seizure in some people.
Distorted body image in women: Emotion focused training for self-compassion and self-protection as an effective instrument for its moderation
Authors: Baránková Martina , Sládkovičová Romana
Published: June 2022

Aim of the study

Dissatisfaction with one’s own body represents one of the main sources of suffering for women in various age categories. One of the potential factors reducing dissatisfaction with one’s own body is self-compassion. The aim of this study was to determine if a short-term two-week emotion focused training for self-compassion and self-protection, will reduce self-criticism in women, increase their self-compassion and improve satisfaction with their own body image.

Subject or material and methods

The research sample consisted of 64 women aged 18-55 years, mean age 31.73 yrs. (SD = 8.48), randomized into experimental and control group. Self-compassion, self-criticism and body shape dissatisfaction were measured before and after the intervention.

Results

Data analysis indicated significant changes in the degree of self-compassion, self-criticism and dissatisfaction with body image on the part of the group undergoing intervention.

Discussion

Similarly as in previous research, emotion focused training for self-compassion and self-protection turned out to be the effective tool for increasing compassion, decreasing self-criticism and enhancing body dissatisfaction.

Conclusions

The study confirms the assertion that cultivating self-compassion can lower dissatisfaction with body image, and at the same time, it proves that cost-effective, distance intervention, without direct contact with a specialist, can be effective.
Concerns, attitudes and comparison of the COVID-19 impact epidemic on the mental state of medical and nonmedical employees
Authors: Podwalski Piotr , Szczygieł Krzysztof , Tyburski Ernest , Samochowiec Agnieszka , Samochowiec Jerzy
Published: June 2022

Cel pracy

Pandemia wirusa SARS-CoV-2 aktualnie odgrywa znacząca rolę w codziennym funkcjonowaniu całego społeczeństwa. Jej wpływ na stan psychiczny ludzi nie został jeszcze w pełni poznany. W literaturze można spotkać się z badaniami zwracającymi uwagę na współwystępowanie stanu zagrożenia epidemiologicznego z zaburzeniami psychicznymi takimi jak zaburzenia depresyjne, zaburzenia lękowe, zaburzenia snu, czy uzależnienia. Podkreśla się wzrost ryzyka wystąpienia tych zaburzeń u personelu medycznego. Celem niniejszej pracy jest porównanie ujawniania się zaburzeń lękowych i depresyjnych oraz próba identyfikacji czynników wpływających na ich występowanie wśród pracowników systemu ochrony zdrowia i osób nie wykonujących zawodu medycznego.

Metoda

Przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe z udziałem 921 osób przy użyciu skali Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Modified (HADS-M) oraz przygotowanej w tym celu ankiety oceniającej postawy badanych wobec epidemii.

Wyniki

Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że badane grupy nie różnią się w poziomie odczuwalnego lęku oraz poziomu depresyjności, jednak miały one inne postawy wobec epidemii. Zidentyfikowano szereg czynników zwiększających ryzyko ujawnienia się opisywanych zaburzeń. Pośród zawodów medycznych pielęgniarki są grupą zawodową szczególnie narażoną na wystąpienie zaburzeń lękowych.

Wnioski

Epidemia ma znaczący wpływ na dobrostan psychiczny człowieka. Poznanie czynników wpływających na wzrost ryzyka wystąpienia zaburzeń psychicznych i ich rozpowszechnienie w czasie epidemii może umożliwić identyfikację osób szczególnie zagrożonych ich wystąpieniem. Wiedza ta, wynikająca z eksploracji empirycznych, stanowi podstawę do wdrożenia działań profilaktycznych i terapeutycznych wśród osób dotkniętych zaburzeniami psychicznymi w czasie pandemii.
Characteristics of attachment styles in adults diagnosed with psychotic disorders - a research review
Authors: Stusiński Jarosław , Merk Wojciech , Lew-Starowicz Michal
Published: June 2022

Teoria przywiązania może być pomocna w wyjaśnieniu powstawania i przebiegu zaburzeń psychicznych, a także w optymalizacji procesu leczenia. Mimo rosnącego zainteresowania znaczeniem przywiązania w kontekście psychopatologii,
ta problematyka nie została dotąd zgłębiona w populacji pacjentów cierpiących z powodu zaburzeń psychotycznych (ZP) w Polsce. Celem niniejszej pracy jest próba całościowego ujęcia problematyki przywiązania u osób dorosłych w kontekście ZP, tj. zintegrowania dotychczasowych doniesień na temat specyfiki przywiązania u osób dorosłych z ZP oraz roli przywiązania w etiologii ZP, ich przebiegu, funkcjonowania chorych, jak również procesie leczenia. Przywiązanie może stanowić istotną perspektywę teoretyczną, oferującą możliwości zrozumienia ZP oraz planowania strategii klinicznych w większym stopniu dostosowanych do indywidualnych potrzeb chorych.
Wśród osób z zaburzeniami psychotycznymi częściej są spotykane pozabezpieczne wzorce przywiązania, co koresponduje z doniesieniami
o zwiększonym rozpowszechnieniu w tej grupie traumatyzujących doświadczeń
w dzieciństwie. Pozabezpieczne przywiązanie może pogarszać negatywnie wpływać na funkcjonowanie psychospołeczne osób z rozpoznaniem zaburzeń psychotycznych w sferach relacji interpersonalnych, zdolności metapoznawczych i regulacji afektu. Wykazano związki pozabezpiecznego przywiązania z nasileniem i specyfiką objawów wytwórczych, zwłaszcza omamów i urojeń. Wzorce przywiązania pacjentów mogą wpływać na interpersonalny komponent leczenia psychoz obejmujący relacje z personelem psychiatrycznym i przymierze terapeutyczne. Uwzględnienie tej perspektywy, przez dostosowanie oddziaływań do wzorców przywiązania pacjentów, a także zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa w relacji terapeutycznej może przekładać się na poprawę leczenia pacjentów.
IHC characteristics of stem cell markers in PDAC with different degrees of differentiation
Authors: Kabachenko V. , Shishkin M.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer. Cell surface markers, in particular CD44 and EpCAM, are used to identify CSCs. Marker expression patterns depend on the stage of progression and differentiation. Materials and methods. Histopathological and IHC studies of 49 cases of the pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) of G2, G3 degrees of differentiation. Results of IHC reactions with antibodies against CD44 and EpCAM were estimated by photo digital morphometry and were expressed in immunostained cells relative area (%). Results. Adenocarinoma of the pancreas is characterized by a moderate level of expression of cell surface markers CSC - CD44 and EpCAM. The expression level of CD44 in the І gr. - Me = 34.11% (Q1 = 31.03; Q3 = 38.39), in the II gr. - Me = 43.17% (Q1 = 39.83; Q3 = 47.04), significantly higher than in the I gr. (Kruskal-Wallis test p<0.05). The expression level of EpCAM in the I gr. - Ме=26,10% (Q1=20,42; Q3=31,89), in the II gr. - Ме=31,07% (Q1=27,03; Q3=34,00) (p>0,05). In both groups, the relative area of EpCAM was significantly lower than CD44 (Kruskal-Wallis test p<0.05). Correlation analysis (Pearson's ratio) showed a weak negative relationship between markers at G2 (r = -0.17, p>0.05), at G3 - a weak positive (r = + 0.06, p>0.05).
El caso de Maya Forstater en Reino Unido: La libertad de expresión en redes sociales de una trabajadora.
Authors: Aránguez Sánchez Tasia , Redondo Gutiérrez Laura
Published: June 2022

La empresa CGD no renovó el contrato de la trabajadora Maya Forstater tras acusarla de haber realizado unos tuits “ofensivos y excluyentes hacia las personas trans” desde su cuenta personal de Twitter, en el contexto de un debate sobre una propuesta legislativa. Forstater demandó a la empresa CGD por finalizar la relación laboral a causa de sus ideas filosóficas. Los tribunales se plantearon si las opiniones de Forstater cumplían los criterios establecidos en el caso Grainger v Nicholson [2010] ICR 360 (“Grainger V”). Estos criterios se consideran el test jurisprudencial en UK para valorar si una creencia (o idea) debe ser protegida. El Tribunal de Apelación determinó que las ideas “gender critical” deben estar protegidas frente al despido como legítima manifestación de la libertad de expresión. Un aspecto preocupante de este caso es el incremento del control empresarial sobre la actividad de trabajadoras y trabajadores en redes sociales.
A crise da Proteção Social dos trabalhadores das plataformas digitais: breve comparativo entre Brasil e Espanha.
Authors: Da Silva Oliveira Marcos Paulo
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo analisa a crise do Direito do Trabalho e da proteção social diante do trabalho realizado nas plataformas digitais. Com especial recorte em relação a situação do Brasil e Espanha, serão investigadas as legislações e decisões judiciais brasileiras sobre o vínculo de emprego entre trabalhadores e plataformas digitais, em comparação com as legislações e decisões sobre o assunto na Espanha. A crise do conceito de subordinação e dependência laboral será ressaltada, com destaque para o perfil dos trabalhadores das plataformas. Ao final, será destacada a importancia de uma harmonização legal sobre o tema a nível global. Busca-se demonstrar a pertinência de criar um sistema de governação internacional para as plataformas de trabalho digitais, buscando caminhos alternativos para um Direito do Trabalho que amplie de vez os seus perímetros de proteção.
Dziecko SPATiF-u”, czyli warszawskie życie Janusza Głowackiego
Authors: Olczak Katarzyna
Published: June 2022

„SPATiF’s Child”, the Warsaw life of Janusz Głowacki The main objective of this article is to define the perspective of the reversal influence, which is understood as a relation between writer-city dweller (Warsaw in the case of Głowacki) and the space of that city. Another goal is to present Janusz Głowacki’s way of life in the capital, the local artistic community and to analyze connections between the city where he lives and his literature. To examine the issue of identity of city space and other various modes of the subject’s identity modelling in the “dialogue” with that space. Focusing on the defining function of city and the way of subject’s constructing his “city within a city”. Głowacki’s main literary strategy is irony and anecdote. His life and work were investigated from the perspective of various disciplines such as sociology of city, urban studies (which in itself includes an interdisciplinary social psychology) and geopoetics.