bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective multidisciplinary analysis of human alveolar echinococcosis in Hungary using spatial epidemiology approaches
Authors: Csulak Eszter , Csivincsik Ágnes , Sré Tamás , Solymosi Norbert , Danka József , Káposztás Zsolt , Nagy Gábor , Dezsényi Balázs
Published: September 2024

Background Human alveolar echinococcosis (HAE), which is caused by Echinococcus multilocularis tapeworm, is an increasing healthcare issue in Hungary. Of the 40 known cases in the country, 25 were detected in the last five years. Our study aimed to reveal the epidemiological backgrounds of these cases.
MethodsWe investigated the spatial impact of potential risk factors of HAE by cluster analysis, and local and global regression models. This analysis was completed by a questionnaire survey on the patients’ lifestyle.
ResultsWe found two HAE hyperendemic foci in the country with very dissimilar biotic and climatic features, and controversial impact of different environmental factors. Only two factors, viz forest cover and socio-economic development, proved important countrywide. The most forested and the least developed districts showed the highest HAE risk. Among the patients, kitchen gardening and dog ownership seemed the most risky activities.
ConclusionsOur models detected an anomaly in one of the poorest regions of Hungary where all risk factors behaved contrary to that of the neighbouring areas. This phenomenon was supposed to be the result of under-detection of the disease, and it called attention to the urgent priority of knowledge dissemination to the public and the healthcare professionals.
Geospatial Analysis of Agroforest Landscape in the Central Western Ghats, India, using Google Earth Engine and Machine Learning
Authors: Noori Shahbaz , H Tabassum , Inamati Shivakumar
Published: September 2024

Assessing land cover land use change (LCLU) in the Central Western Ghats, India is crucial for evaluating ecosystem degradation and environmental processes influenced by climatic and anthropogenic pressures. Despite widespread awareness of the links between biodiversity loss and human wellbeing, the species continue to disappear at an alarming rate. This study investigates the LCLUC dynamics over the past two decades (2002–2023) in Central Western Ghats, spanning an area of 10,419 km2 in Karnataka, India. The Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite imagery served as primary data sources, with Machine Learning Algorithm employed in the Google Earth Engine, a cloud-based platform, to classify images using a Random Forest classifier validated with 17,639 ground training points. The analysis revealed that, dense forest covered largest area (6926.31 ha) followed by open forest (1257.92 ha) and cropland (1195.73 ha). Agroforest and waterbody occupied 249.65 ha and 265.18 ha, respectively, while built-up areas, barren land, and plantation forest constituted 131.38 ha, 83.45 ha and 127.29 ha, respectively. The results indicate a 7.14% reduction in dense forest area, contrasted with a 1.09% increase in agroforestry. The classification achieved an overall accuracy of 94.08% and Kappa index of 0.95. These findings highlight the importance of integrating measures and policies with investment in research and satellite monitoring to curb deforestation in the Central Western Ghats and ensure continuity of Western Ghats in halting degradation and climate change.
Fourier Series Guided Design of Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks for Enhanced Time Series Forecasting]{Fourier Series Guided Design of Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks for Enhanced Time Series Forecasting
Authors: Juárez-Osorio Sandra Leticia , Rivera-Ruiz Mayra Alejandra , Mendez-Vazquez Andres , Rodriguez-Tello Eduardo , López-Romero José Mauricio
Published: September 2024

In this work, we apply 1D quantum convolution in the task of time series forecasting. By encoding multiple points into the quantum circuit to predict subsequent data, each point becomes a feature and the problem becomes a multidimensional one. Taking as basis previous theoretical works which demonstrated that Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs) can be expressed as multidimensional Fourier series, the capabilities of different architectures and ansatz are explored. This analysis considers the concepts of circuit expressivity and the presence of barren plateaus. Analyzing the problem within the framework of the Fourier series enabled the incorporation of data reuploading in the architecture, resulting in enhanced performance. Rather than a strict requirement for the number of free parameters to exceed the degrees of freedom of the Fourier series, our findings suggest that even a limited number of parameters can produce Fourier functions of higher degrees. This highlights the remarkable expressive power of quantum circuits. This observation is also significant in reducing training times. The ansatz with greater expressivity and number of non-zero Fourier coefficients consistently delivers favorable results across different scenarios, with performance metrics improving as the number of qubits increases.
How to Research on Fire Smoke Detection Algorithm in Enclosed Spaces Based on Improved YOLOv8
Authors: Yang Lanyan , Cheng Yuanhang , Xu Fang , Li Boning , Li Xiaoxu
Published: September 2024

Recognizing the critical importance of timely fire detection to minimize property damage and casualties, traditional sensor-based fire detection systems are expensive and are not suitable for large or outdoor environments. Herein, we introduce a novel fire smoke detection algorithm that utilizes multi-scale attention fusion to enhance the early detection and reporting of fire in enclosed spaces. The algorithm uses grouped sparse convolution (GSConv), a SwinTrans precursor, and a VoVGSCSP module to reconstruct the neck structure of the YOLOv8 network. This integration allows for efficient and accurate detection of both smoke and flames, even in the early stages of a fire when these signs are subtle and challenging to identify. Our approach is validated through the creation and use of three high-quality datasets, including real fire, real smoke, and two-object datasets with both smoke and fire. The model’s performance is evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, and Average Precision (AP) metrics, demonstrating significant improvements over existing YOLOv5s and YOLOv8s models. The proposed algorithm achieves a notable F1-score of 95.00% and a recall rate of 90.34%, underscoring its effectiveness for real-world applications. An ablation study further confirms the contributions of each component in the network architecture. The research accomplishment has significant practical value for smart building systems, industrial safety monitoring, and public safety, offering a robust technological solution for early fire detection and prevention.
The Long-Term Post-Surgical Outcome of Intermediate Anorectal Malformation in Our Department
Authors: Tamura Ryo , Kido Miori , Nakamura Kiyokuni , Kuwahara Tsuyoshi , Hirotani Taichi , Yasui Yoshitomo , Okajima Hideaki
Published: September 2024

Background: Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty and laparoscopic-assisted anorectal pull-through are preferred for anorectal malformation (ARM) today, while careful pull-through procedures with sacroperineal approach yield excellent outcomes. This study focuses on a pull-through procedure emphasizing continence mechanism preservation and compares outcomes with historical studies with various procedures.
Methods: Bowel function of patients with intermediate ARM followed up for over 10 years post-surgically was assessed. Data collected included ARM type with the Krickenbeck classification, comorbidities, complications, post-surgical examinations, follow-up, and bowel function at the latest clinic visit. The literature review collected original articles including more than 10 post-anorectoplasty cases which were followed for over 10 years.
Results: Eleven cases were identified, with a median age at anorectoplasty and follow-up length of 6.9 months and 14.4 years. Two fistula recurrences required surgical treatment. Long-term incontinence and constipation were observed in 9% and 45% of the cohort, respectively. Good rectal angulation and a positive rectoanal inhibitory reflex were confirmed in most cases examined. A literature review identified eight studies with various outcome measuring instruments.
Conclusion: Outcomes of the introduced pull-through procedure were favorable, while the literature review highlights the variation in outcomes of various anorectoplasty.
Evidence Level: Level IV
Animal Assisted Activities (AAAs) with the Dogs in a Dialysis Centre in Southern Italy: evaluation of serotonin and oxytocin values in involved patients
Authors: Santaniello Antonio , Perruolo Giuseppe , Amato Alessia , Garzillo Susanne , Mormone Federica , Morelli Cristina , Sansone Mario , Oriente Francesco
Published: September 2024

Background: In the present study, the changes in oxytocin (OXT) and serotonin (5-ht) were measured in dialysis patients involved in Animal Assisted Activity (AAA) interventions.
Methods: Thirty patients (15 men and 15 women) with chronic kidney disease, undergoing hemodialysis three times per week, for 4 hours were enrolled. The patients were at random divided into 3 groups: 2 experimental groups who received the AAA intervention and a control group who never received the AAA intervention. A specific dog-zootherapist vet pair was assigned for each experimental group. All sessions of the two experimental groups were weekly performed, for a total period of 3 months (12 sessions). Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of each session (T0 and T1), lasting about one hour. The samples were then analyzed to measure the levels of oxytocin and serotonin. Data obtained were processed using analysis of variance with mixed effects models.
Results: The emerged results showed that both dog-zootherapist vet dyad caused a statistically significant overall effect of both oxytocin and serotonin, increasing during the sessions, compared to the control group. In addition, it was observed progressively increasing effect between two consecutive weeks.
Conclusion: The results that emerged showed that the AAA represents a positive stimulus for patients on dialysis. Thus, our study suggests that structured AAA intervention in a hemodialysis center can improve patients' quality of life.
Research on the Configuration Path of Digital Transformation Promoting Green Innovation of Chinese Listed Companies in the Sports Goods Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Chen Gang , Wang Chaofan , Lin Zhiyi
Published: September 2024

In the context of digital transformation in the sporting goods manufacturing industry, promoting green innovation is crucial for achieving the "dual carbon goals" and fostering sustainable socio-economic development. This study uses a dynamic QCA analysis method on A-share listed companies in the sporting goods manufacturing industry from 2017 to 2022 to temporally explore the complex logic of corporate green innovation under digital transformation. The findings indicate that digital transformation alone cannot serve as a core factor necessary for green innovation; instead, green innovation is driven by the coupling and synergistic effects of multiple factors. As digital technology becomes deeply integrated with the industry chain, high-level green innovation gradually shifts from being driven by external environmental regulations to being driven by internal strategies. There are two configurations for high-level green innovation and three for low-level green innovation, which can be further categorized into digital innovation, Cost-pressure-oriented, resource inertia, and short-sighted competition paths. Based on these conclusions, practical recommendations are provided for listed sporting goods manufacturing companies to foster green innovation.
Dysregulation of Decidual NK Cell Proliferation by Impaired Decidual Cells: A Potential Contributor to Excessive Trophoblast Invasion in Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Liu You-Zhen , Shih Jin-Chung , Wu Meng-Shiue , Ling Thai-Yen , Lin Hsin-Hung
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAbnormal interactions among decidual cells, decidual natural killer (dNK) cells, and trophoblasts are implicated in contributing to the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). However, the specific details of these interactions remain unclear.MethodsNormal human placental maternal decidua-mesenchymal stem cells (MD-MSCs) and pathological MD-MSCs from PAS patients (PAs) were isolated and cultured in serum-free conditions. Decidualization was induced using hormonal cocktails: estradiol (E2)/ progesterone (P4) and chemical agents 8-br-cAMP/ medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for both MD-MSCs and PAs. dNK-like cells were generated from peripheral natural killer (pNK) cells through MD-MSCs induction. Interactions among decidual cells, dNK cells, and trophoblasts were studied using a transwell co-culture system. Bulk RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify differential genes between MD-MSCs and PAs and explored their potential role in immune tolerance regulation of decidual NK cells and trophoblast invasion.ResultsThis study aims to explore the correlation between defective decidualization of endometrial stromal cells and dysregulated dNK cell proliferation, leading to excessive trophoblast invasion and the development of PAS. Decidualization defects were confirmed in PAs, characterized by reduced morphological changes and altered expression levels of decidual biomarkers at both mRNA and protein levels, potentially associated with overexpression of estrogen receptor (ER). Furthermore, both PAs and normal MD-MSCs exhibited similar patterns in regulating trophoblast invasion, suggesting an indirect impact of impaired decidual cells on trophoblast behavior. Interestingly, decidualized MD-MSCs (De-MD-MSCs) showed the potential to induce conversion of pNK cells into dNK-like cells, which displayed reduced cytotoxicity on trophoblasts and enhanced KIR2DL4 expression, possibly through upregulatedCsf3,Il1β, andTgfb1. Additionally, dNK-like cells exhibited increased proliferation when co-cultured with PAs, regulated byCxcl12,Il33,Tgfb1,Vegfa, andVegfc, enhancing trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling. Conditioned medium derived from PAs-induced dNK-like cells demonstrated a higher capacity to promote trophoblast invasion in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionAbnormal proliferation of dNK cells induced by impaired decidual cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of PAS, providing valuable insights into its mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions.
Role of artificial intelligence in the prediction of small-for-gestational-age birth weight by gestational week
Authors: Bütün Zafer , Salık Ece Akça , Kaya Yeliz , Çelik Özer , Tahta Tuğba , Yavuz Arzu Altun
Published: September 2024

Small for gestational age (SGA) is a significant concern in obstetrics, with implications for stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and long-term health outcomes. Early detection of SGA is crucial for prevention and treatment, but current methods have limitations. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm to predict SGA using sociodemographic and obstetric features during pregnancy. A total of 102 pregnant women meeting specific criteria were included in the study. The feature impact factors considered important factors for predicting SGA at birth were maternal weight, length, age, gravida, and parity. The LGBM model demonstrated the highest accuracy rate (71.4%) and AUC-ROC (62.7%) in predicting SGA, showcasing its potential for improving the prediction and treatment of SGA pregnancies. The study highlights the importance of using AI-driven methods in obstetrics to improve decision-making and patient care in high-risk pregnancy scenarios. Although AI/ML techniques have shown promise in enhancing the screening for SGA, further refinement and validation of algorithms are necessary before clinical implementation. Consistency in diagnostic criteria and quality assessment is essential for the widespread adoption of these methods in clinical settings.
Development of a complex palliative care intervention for patients with heart failure and their family carers: a Theory of Change approach
Authors: Remawi Bader Nael , Preston Nancy , Gadoud Amy
Published: September 2024

Background
Patients with heart failure have significant palliative care needs but few receive palliative care. Guidance is lacking on how to integrate palliative care into standard heart failure care. Palliative care interventions often lack an underpinning theory and details on how key components interact to achieve an impact. Understanding how and why an intervention works enhances implementation. This study aimed to develop and refine a theory-based, complex palliative care intervention for patients with heart failure and their family carers.
Methods
A preliminary intervention based upon a literature review was co-designed in three Theory of Change workshops with stakeholders from a hospital heart failure multidisciplinary team. The workshop discussions and analysis were informed by Normalisation Process Theory. Subsequently, analysis of secondary data on patient and carer experiences with palliative care services was presented to stakeholders to refine the intervention and underlying theory. Service users were consulted to refine the intervention. The intervention was developed in line with the Medical Research Council Complex Intervention Guidelines.
Results
The agreed impact of the intervention was to meet the holistic palliative care needs of patients with heart failure and their families. Three long-term outcomes were identified: reduced unnecessary hospitalisations, symptom burden, and caregiving burden. Twelve preconditions on the patient, family, and healthcare professional levels and contextual assumptions were determined to achieve these outcomes. Proposed intervention activities include educating patients and heart failure teams on palliative care, completing a needs-assessment tool (NAT:PD-HF), addressing primary palliative care needs, sharing a summary of the tool with healthcare staff, and sharing experiences of using NAT:PD-HF in practice.
Conclusions
The study provided novel insights into complex intervention development and the potential mechanism of integrating palliative care in heart failure. It outlined how the complex intervention could work and identified the active ingredients necessary for replication. The developed Theory of Change serves as a model for researchers and policymakers to use in heart failure, but also as an example of how to develop interventions embedded in and co-produced from practice.
Frequency of Gram Negative bacteria in neonatal septicemia and their susceptibility pattern in Omdurman Maternity Hospital
Authors: El-wahid Mohammed Abd
Published: September 2024

Background: Neonatal septicemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns, especially in developing countries. Identifying the causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective treatment. This study aims to determine the frequency of Gram-negative bacteria in neonatal septicemia and their susceptibility patterns in Omdurman Maternity Hospital.
Results: A total of 200 blood samples were collected from neonates suspected of septicemia. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated in 60% of the cases. The most prevalent isolates included Escherichia coli (35%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed high resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin (90%) and gentamicin (80%), while imipenem (95%) and amikacin (85%) showed higher efficacy.
Conclusions: The study highlights the high prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria in neonatal septicemia and their significant resistance to first-line antibiotics. These findings underscore the need for regular surveillance and review of antibiotic policies in neonatal care units to ensure effective management of neonatal infections.
Research on the application of multi-field remote monitoring of slope stability based on optical fiber technology
Authors: Liu Mingqing , Chen Fan , Xie Xuanjie , Wu Wenjie , Chen Li , Fu Jianye
Published: September 2024

The study explores the real-world requirements for monitoring deep displacements on rocky inclines, focusing on the use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology in slope design. Through the examination of practical slope engineering scenarios, this document expands upon the foundational concepts of FBG surveillance systems, on-site setup methods, and network technologies used in various monitoring endeavors, culminating in the creation of an all-encompassing, multi-faceted monitoring system aimed at stabilizing slopes. Findings from the study reveal that FBG technology is capable of precisely and instantaneously tracking the profound shift of rock slopes, offering dependable data backing for evaluating slope stability. Furthermore, this document encapsulates crucial technical aspects throughout the deployment phase, confirming the practicality and efficacy of this technology, thus providing hands-on insights for the advancement and use of novel slope monitoring technologies. The research offers not just technical assistance in averting and reducing disasters in slope engineering but also establishes a groundwork for additional investigations in similar areas.
Cutaneous wound healing functions of novel milk-derived antimicrobial peptides, hLFT-68 and hLFT-309 from human lactotransferrin, and bLGB-111 from bovine β-lactoglobulin
Authors: Li Xixian , Yu Wenhao , Zhang Wanning , Yu Yang , Cheng Huiyuan , Lin Yuyang , Feng Jingwen , Zhao Muxin , Jin Yan
Published: September 2024

The absence of multi-functional antimicrobial agents in clinical settings hinders cutaneous wound healing. Milk-derived antimicrobial peptides (MAPs) may be the imperative solution to wound repair, combining the dermatic curative properties of antimicrobial peptides with the biological activity of milk. Three novel MAPs, which were hLFT-68 (IAENRADAV) and hLFT-309 (GSPSGQKDLLF) identified in human milk and bLGB-111 (LDTDYKKY) identified in bovine milk in our previous work, were initially investigated for their function in wound healing. In vitro, the antibacterial activity and cellular mechanism of the MAPs were examined. It was found that they presented inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and promoted fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation. An infected wound model was established to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory and regeneration properties of the MAPs. The wound area shrank more rapidly, and the wound inflammation was reduced by MAP treatment. Especially on days 3–5 after mouse modeling, the wound repair rate increased by up to 35%. Furthermore, it was suggested that they encouraged collagen synthesis and deposition, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. The presented results indicated that MAPs accelerated the recovery of infected wounds, possessing the potential for developing wound-healing therapy.
Proton Pump Inhibitor Omeprazole Alters the Spiking Characteristics of Proteinoids
Authors: Mougkogiannis Panagiotis , Adamatzky Andew
Published: September 2024

This study reveals the significant effect of the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole on the spiking behaviour of proteinoids, leading to a transformative shift in the field of unconventional computing. Through the application of different concentrations of omeprazole, we see a notable modification in the spiking characteristics of proteinoids, including significant alterations in amplitude, frequency, and temporal patterns. By using Boolean logic techniques, we analyse the complex dynamics of the proteinoid-omeprazole system, revealing underlying patterns and connections that question our understanding of biological computing.Our research reveals the unexplored potential of proteinoids as a foundation for unconventional computing. Moreover, our research indicates that the electrical spiking observed in proteinoids may be linked to the movement of protons. This discovery offers new insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing the spiking activity of proteinoids, presenting promising opportunities for future research in this area. Additionally, it opens up possibilities of developing new computational models that exploit the inherent nonlinearity and complexity of biological systems. By combining the effects of omeprazole-induced spikes with Boolean logic, a wide range of opportunities arise for information processing, pattern identification, and problem-solving. This pushes the limits of what can be achieved with bioelectronics.
Analysis of longitudinal magnetic field frequency on Q345 K-TIG welding with a Y groove: formation, mechanical and mechanism
Authors: Zhan Jiatong , Ye Xiongyue , Zhong Shaotao , Liu Zhizhong , Shi Yonghua
Published: September 2024

This study explores the potential uses of external sinusoidal alternating longitudinal magnetic field (EMF) assisted K-TIG welding for medium-thick plates. Our research commences with a comprehensive analysis of the distribution characteristics and dynamic variations of the EMF within the welding zone using ANSYS Electronics. Subsequently, experiments were conducted employing a custom magnetic control power supply (MCPS) to weld Y-shaped groove Q345 under EMF at various frequencies. The results indicate that EMF assisted K-TIG offers exceptionally high welding efficiency and quality. The mechanical properties of the welded joints exceed those of the base metal (BM). And we have observed a significant reduction in heat input and an increase in weld bead width under EMF. At an optimal EMF frequency, the stirring effect on the weld pool was particularly evident, resulting in beneficial microstructure and a remarkable increase in impact toughness by up to 100%. Additionally, the magnetic field lines that were perpendicular to the Y-shaped groove surface reduced the strength of the EMF in the longitudinal direction. This reduced the Lorentz force’s electromagnetic stirring effect, only leading to 20A decrease in penetration current, the reduction amplitude is lower than that without a Y-shaped groove (50A). The results of this investigation provide critical theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for improving EMF assisted K-TIG welding methods.
Incidence and predictors of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy at public health facilities, Southwest Ethiopia, 2023: A multicenter retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Admasu Nigatu , Jihad Mohammed , Kebede Abeje , Getnet Masrie
Published: September 2024

Background
Opportunistic infections (OIs) pose a significant threat to children infected with HIV. Despite advancements in ART, these infections continue to be a public health concern. However, there is limited evidence regarding the incidence and predictors of OIs among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area.
Objective
To assess the incidence and predictors of OIs among HIV-infected children on ART at public health facilities of Southwest Ethiopia People Regional State.
Methods
The study employed an institution-based retrospective cohort design, conducted from July 1, 2018 to July 31, 2023, among HIV-infected children aged less than 15 years. Data were extracted using national ART intake and follow-up forms. KoboCollect version 2023.2.4 and STATA version 14.0 were used for data collection and analysis, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate probability of OI-free survival time. Variables with P < 0.25 in the bivariable Cox proportional hazard model were selected as candidates. In multivariable analysis, P < 0.05 and adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to declare statistically significant predictors.
Results
Of the total 409 HIV infected children, 122(29.8%) developed at least one OI, contributing to 954.95 person-years of risk. The overall incidence rate was 12.8 (95% CI: 10.7, 15.2) per 100 person-years. The OI free survival probability at the end of follow-up period was 0.277(95% CI: 0.139, 0.434). The commonest OI was pulmonary tuberculosis, 30.33% (95% CI: 22.7, 39.2). Non-disclosing HIV status (AHR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.42, 4.63), children aged 10–14 years (AHR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.10, 4.95), no history of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (AHR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.48, 3.66), hemoglobin level < 10 mg/dL (AHR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.37, 3.75), fair or poor adherence to ART (AHR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.79), and having past history of OIs (AHR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.55) were significant predictors of OIs.
Conclusion and Recommendations:
The incidence of OIs was high. Hence, health facilities need to regularly monitor hemoglobin, enhance ART adherence, provide OI prophylaxis for at-risk children, reinforce PMTCT programs for OI detection and management, and encourage timely and age-appropriate HIV status disclosure. Caregivers are also required to oversee and assist their children in adhering to ART.
HPV Genotypes in Africa: Comprehensive Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics
Authors: Malika ALLALI , Rachid EL FERMI , Khaoula ERRAFII , Abdelaziz WAJIH RHALEM , Fichtali Karima , Hicham EL FAZAZI , Adil El GHANMI , Bouchra GHAZI , Sanaa El Majjaoui , Nabil ISMAILI , Nouha Messaoudi , Wakrim Lahcen , Youssef BAKRI , GHAZAL Hassan , HAMDI Salsabil
Published: September 2024

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a widespread and diverse group of viruses that are responsible for various clinical conditions, including cervical cancer, one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. In Africa, the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes vary significantly across different regions.
This study utilized a cohort comprising 9203 HPV sequences isolated from cervical samples across twenty-one African countries sourced from the National GenBank. Among these sequences were 1,347 HPV31 sequences from Rwanda; 879 HPV66, 782 HPV18 from Mauritius, 500 HPV31 from Guinea, 459 HPV45 from Senegal, 446 HPV18 from Tunisia, 445 HPV45 sequences from Cameroon, 445 HPV18 from Ghana, 445 HPV66 from Kenya, 442 from Algeria; 438 HPV35 from Zimbabwe, 364 HPV31, HPV16, HPV53, HPV83, HPV66, HPV62, and HPV89 sequences from Morocco, 351 from Chad, 340 HPV53/HPV6 sequences from Nigeria, 299 HPV16 from Gabon, 290 HPV45 sequences from Tanzania, 260 HPV18/HPV16 from Mali, 200 HPV58 sequences from Ethiopia, 35 from Congo, 20 HPV5 sequences from Egypt, and 10 HPV36 from Uganda. To refine the dataset and minimize redundancy, a stringent 99% sequence identity threshold was applied using CD-HIT, which identified184 unique sequences.
Employing the RAxML tool, a phylogenetic tree was meticulously crafted to scrutinize the evolutionary relationships inherent within the HPV sequences. Furthermore, a Python 3-generated heatmap rooted in multiple sequence alignment (MSA) was generated to elucidate discernible patterns and relationships among the HPV sequences.
The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that African HPV sequences share genetic ancestry with European sequences, whereas American isolates serve as distinct outgroups. This interconnectedness underscores the intricate interplay of historical, regional, and cultural determinants that have collectively contributed to shaping the genomic landscape of African samples. The geographically variable HPV genotypes 35, 31, 16, 18, 58, 45, 7, and 66 are the most common in Africa. Algeria, Morocco, Rwanda, and Guinea are dispersed, but the rates of infection are highest in the Republic of Congo and Chad.
The interactive role of odor associations in friendship preferences
Authors: Gaby J. M. , Gunaydin G. , Zayas V.
Published: September 2024

Who we choose to befriend is highly personal, driven by idiosyncratic preferences about other individuals, including sensory cues. How does a person’s unique sensory evaluation of others’ body odor affect friendship formation? Female participants took part in a speed-friending event where they made judgments of friendship potential (FP) following a 4-minute live interaction. Prior to and following the speed-friending event, participants judged the FP of these women based solely on diplomatic odor (including daily perfume/hygiene products) presented on worn t-shirts. Participants also judged FP based on facial appearance (a 100-ms presentation of portrait photographs). Judgments based solely on diplomatic odor predicted FP judgments following in-person interactions, beyond the predictive ability of photograph-based judgments. Moreover, judgments based on the live interaction predicted changes in the second round of diplomatic odor judgments, suggesting that the quality of the live interaction modified olfactory perception. Results were driven more strongly by idiosyncratic preferences than by global perceiver or target effects. Findings highlight the dynamic role of ecologically relevant social olfactory cues in informing friendship judgments, as well as the involvement of odor-based associative learning during the early stages of friendship formation.
Soil Toxicity Assessment in Home Gardens within Agro- Ecosystems of an Industrial Zone (Eloor, Kerala, India): Comparative Analysis of Spiked and Field-Contaminated Soils using the Bioindicator Eisenia andrei
Authors: Gopakumar Lakshmi , Joseph Ammini , Singh Issac Sarojini Bright , Puthumana Jayesh
Published: September 2024

The toxicity studies using soil invertebrates are good tools for assessing the soil quality of a region. In this study the toxicity assessment of industrial soils using Eisenia andrei was done using field soils and artificial soils spiked with zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd). Considering field soils, the soils near the industrial region showed higher toxicity than those away from the region and in spiked soils, the toxicity followed the order Zn < Cd < Zn + Cd. The Mixed Toxicity Index (MTI) revealed an antagonistic response between Zn and Cd (MTI < 0) which points out the influence of one element in reducing the toxicity of the other. The biomass showed the highest reduction in zone 1 soils and Zn + Cd treated soils. A similar trend was noted for the hatchability of cocoons. The bioconcentration studies showed that bioaccumulation has not occurred in field soils and spiked soils. However, despite the bioaccumulation, there were certain responses at short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) treatments. The study points out the single and combined impact of soil toxicants in the home garden soils on the overall health and survival of invertebrates and also the possibility of reducing those effects using various nutrients in the soil ecosystems.
Detection of norovirus nucleic acid based on label-free ratiometric fluorescent polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Liang Tingna , Du Rong , Wang Mofan , Luo Rui , Ni Yunlong , Guo Yahui , Huo Xiang
Published: September 2024

In order to optimise the detection method of Genogroup II (GII) norovirus in food, this study is to construct a G-quadruplex integrated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy for GII norovirus genomic DNA. Based on this strategy, a ratiometric fluorescent assay for GII norovirus genomic DNA was innovatively developed using two labelling-free, dual-emitting nucleic acid dyes. The PCR procedure and system, and the ratiometric fluorescence detection system were optimised to improve the amplification efficiency and enhance the signal response. The results showed that, under the optimal conditions, the ratiometric fluorescence signal value of the detection system showed a linear relationship with the logarithmic value of the concentration of GII norovirus genomic DNA fragments in the concentration range of 10–250 pmol L− 1 (R2 = 0.983), and the detection limit was 1.19 pmol L− 1. In the range of 10 pmol L− 1~1 nmol L− 1, the method can achieve quantitative detection of GII norovirus genomic DNA, and in the range of 10 pmol L− 1~250 pmol L− 1, the method can achieve quantitative detection, and in the saturated concentration interval of 250 pmol L− 1~1 nmol L− 1 outside the linear range, the method shows good specificity. This method is based on the mature PCR technology system, which achieves the simultaneous output of dual fluorescence signals through clever primer design, and establishes a ratiometric fluorescence PCR detection method, which is expected to achieve the detection of GII norovirus in food.
Integrating Blood Flow Restriction into Boxing Training for Enhanced Punching Force and Upper Body Strength in Elite Boxers- A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Awana Gaurav , Rizvi Moattar Raza , Sharma Ankita , Zaidi Zoya , Makhija Simran , Sami Waqas
Published: September 2024

Background: In boxing, punching force and upper extremity strength are crucial for competitive success. Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) has shown promise in enhancing muscle strength and hypertrophy, but its application to improve boxing-specific performance remains underexplored. This 8-week randomized controlled trial investigates the effects of BFRT on punching force and upper body strength in elite male boxers.Methodology:Twenty male boxers from the Dronacharya Boxing Academy in Haryana participated, divided equally into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group performed upper extremity resistance exercises with blood flow restriction bands, while the control group engaged in the same exercises without such bands. Both groups trained three times a week, performing 3 sets of 30 repetitions at 20-30% of their 1-repetition maximum.Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in punching force and muscle endurance. Notable increases were observed in jab force (+45.21 lbs), uppercut force (+57.70 lbs), hook force (+58.37 lbs), and cross force (+53.90 lbs), along with elbow extension strength (mean difference = -2.95 kg, p < 0.001). Repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant group × time interaction effects (jab force η² = 0.34, p < 0.001; uppercut force η² = 0.63, p < 0.001; hook force η² = 0.61, p < 0.001; cross force η² = 0.50, p < 0.001), underscoring substantial improvements in the experimental group over time compared to the control group.Conclusion: BFRT significantly improved punching force and upper body strength in elite boxers, confirming its effectiveness as a training enhancement.
A finite element modeling method for predicting the cold radial forging quality of 20CrMnTiH hollow shaft: study of material composition and heat treatment parameters
Authors: Xu Wenxia , Wang Zhaohui , Zhu Xuwen , Zhang Bowen , zheng Zecheng , Lv Mi , Wang Hongxia
Published: September 2024

Cold radial forging (CRF) is an efficient and high-precision process for manufacturing rotating parts such as axles and steering shafts. However, the extent of cold plastic deformation is limited in hot-rolled low-carbon steel. To maximize material performance and ensure the quality of CRF, in addition to improving the processing parameters, the alloy composition and heat treatment parameters must also be synergistically optimized. This study focused on the CRF process of 20CrMnTiH hollow shafts and established an evaluation system based on the residual stress, effective strain, and damage of the hollow shaft after processing. Furthermore, a finite element simulation model integrating Spheroidizing annealing (SA) and CRF was created using the phase diagram calculation method (CALPHAD). The feasibility of numerical simulations for SA and CRF was validated by Brinell hardness and residual stress experiments. Detailed analysis using variance analysis and Tukey's post-hoc test was conducted to examine the coupled effects of alloy composition, SA temperature (ATe), and SA time (ATi) on the forming quality. The results indicated that the significance of chemical composition and heat treatment parameters for hardness is Te > Mn, residual stress is Te > Mn > Cu > Ni > Si, effective strain is C > S > Ti > Si, and damage is C > Ti > Mn > ATi > Te. The optimal combination of chemical composition and heat treatment parameters was determined as 0.17%C-0.17%Si-0.93%Mn-0.035%P-1.15%(1.45%)Cr-0.1%Ti, ATe: 795℃ and ATi: 4h. This work enhances the pre-screening efficiency of material design and heat treatment process optimization in engineering applications.
Evaluation of grafting compatibility and prediction modelling in Sapindus
Authors: Wang Lixian , Liao Yangmei , Chen Na , Jia Liming , Chen Zhong
Published: September 2024

Grafting compatibility refers to the successful healing between stock and scion, as well as the normal functioning of their tissues. This article investigates the survival rates and growth conditions of various Sapindus grafting combinations and establishes a new evaluation system for Sapindus grafting compatibility. This system aims to provide theoretical support for predicting Sapindus grafting compatibility and enhancing the development of improved varieties. The study utilizes 15 Sapindus grafting combinations as research materials, assesses their survival rates and growth conditions, employs the CRITIC method to calculate weights, and develops a Sapindus grafting compatibility evaluation model. By analyzing the physiological characteristics of the scion leaves from these 15 grafting combinations, variance analysis, cluster analysis, and linear regression models were utilized to assess the accuracy of the grafting compatibility evaluation model. The results indicate that the growth of grafted plants serves as a critical evaluation index of grafting compatibility, providing a more scientific approach than relying solely on survival rate metrics. This research offers a theoretical foundation and data support for predicting Sapindus grafting compatibility; an effective prediction model will substantially enhance the efficiency of breeding and promoting improved varieties, thereby fostering the growth of the Sapindus industry.
Elevated High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Dyslipidaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Nigerian Patients
Authors: Mohammed Jamila Aminu , Basil Bruno , Mba Izuchukwu Nnachi , Abubakar Nabilah Datti , Lawal Akeem Oyeyemi , Momoh Jafaru Alunua , Yahaya Isah Adagiri
Published: September 2024

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Inflammation, marked by elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, and dyslipidaemia, are critical contributors to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. In Nigeria, where T2DM prevalence is rising, there is a need for more comprehensive risk prediction tools, incorporating both traditional and newer biomarkers such as hs-CRP. This study aimed to investigate the association between elevated hs-CRP levels and dyslipidaemia in Nigerian patients with T2DM and to explore the potential implications for cardiovascular risk prediction.Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 T2DM patients and 150 age-matched controls. Data on socio-demographics, medical history, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters, including lipid profiles and hs-CRP levels, were collected. The relationship between hs-CRP levels and lipid parameters was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and independent t-tests.Results T2DM patients exhibited significantly higher hs-CRP levels (2.2 ± 1.8 mg/L vs. 1.2 ± 1.0 mg/L, p < 0.001), dyslipidaemia (p < 0.001), and blood pressure (SPB – 127.6 ± 12.4 mmHg, DBP – 77.6 ± 6.6 mmHg vs. SBP – 119.6 ± 10.8 mmHg, DBP – 72.1 ± 8.0 mmHg; p = 0.001) compared to controls. However, no significant correlation was found between hs-CRP levels and lipid parameters.Conclusion Although no direct association was found between elevated hs-CRP levels and dyslipidaemia, hs-CRP remains an important marker of cardiovascular risk possibly through non-lipid pathways, such as inflammation-driven endothelial dysfunction. Incorporating hs-CRP into cardiovascular risk prediction models, alongside traditional lipid assessments, could improve early identification and intervention strategies in the Nigerian T2DM population.
Dual-Role Ion Dynamics in Ferroionic CuInP2S6: Insights into the Transition and Boundary from Ferroelectric to Ionic Switching Mechanisms
Authors: Yang Weiyou
Published: September 2024

Due to its "ferroionic" nature, the van der Waals CuInP2S6 combines switchable ferroelectric polarization with highly mobile Cu ions, allowing for multiple resistance states and multifunctionalities. Its conductive mechanism typically involves the ferroelectric switching, ion migration, and corresponding intercoupling, which are highly sensitive to the external electric field. However, it is still a challenge to distinguish the dominated contribution of either ferroelectric switching or ion migration to dynamic conductivity, and the underlying mechanism is not clear yet currently. Here, we demonstrate the Cu ions migration pathways and their interactions with ferroelectric switching, based on PFM analyses and first-principles calculations. It is confirmed that the Cu ion migrations within the intralayer and interlayer enable the formation of a quadruple-well state, thus determining the conductive mechanism. Accordingly, it favors the manipulation of Cu ion transport in the quadruple state in a controlled manner, and makes a transition from ferroelectric-dominated to ion-migration-dominated conductivity, by tailoring the electric fields. This work deepens the understanding of ion migration dynamics and conductive switching in ferroionic systems, which is critical for the advancement of memristor-based neuromorphic computing.
High-performance deep-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes enabled by a platinum(II) emitter
Authors: Li Guijie , Chu Qingshan , Yao Huanhuan , Wu Kongwu , She Yuan-Bin
Published: September 2024

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) represent a revolutionary technology, that has been successfully commercialized in full-color displays. However, this technology is still severely limited by the low efficiency of blue OLEDs. Developing high-performance blue OLEDs is a major challenge, and emitters are critical for overcoming this issue. Herein, we developed a strategy to design phosphorescent Pt(II) complexes with a locally excited-dominated character and a rigid 3D geometry to suppress intermolecular interactions, enabling robust deep-blue emitters. A bottom-emitting OLED realized a high color purity with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 17.1 nm, a high maximum brightness of 48968 cd/m2, and high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 31.3%, 27.0%, and 23.6% at 1000, 5000, and 10000 cd/m2, respectively. A top-emitting OLED achieved an enhanced color purity (FWHM = 13.1 nm, CIEy = 0.06), a low running voltage (3.9 V at 1000 cd/m2), and a maximum EQE of 49.5%, and maintained EQEs of 46.4%, 39.5%, and 34.3% at 1000, 5000, and 10000 cd/m2, respectively. The OLED also exhibited a maximum blue index (BI) of 468 cd A-1CIEy-1 and a long half-lifetime of 670 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m2. This study provides a important strategy to develop high-performance deep-blue phosphorescent OLEDs.