bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial evaluating the Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS)
Authors: Hynes Sinéad M. , Dwyer Christopher P. , Alvarez-Iglesias Alberto , Rogers Fionnuala , Joyce Robert , Oglesby Megan , Moses Anusha , Bane Eimear , Counihan Timothy J. , Charamba Beatrice , Group COB-MS PPI Advisory
Published: March 2024

Introduction: There is a high prevalence of cognitive difficulties in MS, but despite this, there are few programmes targeting cognition that focus on the ability to function well in everyday life. The Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS), an occupation-focused cognitive intervention, was developed to address this. It focuses on both the functional difficulties and the wide-ranging symptoms that present in MS.
Objective: Here we report on the results of a cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial (ISRCTN11462710; registered 4th September 2019) evaluating the COB-MS in terms of feasibility and initial efficacy as a cognitive intervention for people with MS.
Method: Data was collected from people with MS experiencing cognitive difficulties at baseline, post-intervention, 12-weeks, and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the Goal Attainment Scaling at 12 weeks. Data was also collected in cognition, quality of life, and mood.
Results: One hundred and eighteen people with MS and cognitive difficulties were randomised to either usual care (n=60) or COB-MS intervention (n=58). Ninety-four participants were retained at 6-month follow-up. Those allocated to the COB-MS group had a significant improvement in the primary outcome compared to the control condition. The COB-MS was found to be feasible, including trial procedures and protocol. Data indicates that the COB-MS is accepted by participants and had positive impacts on daily life. Progression criteria have been met.
Conclusion: The results provide a strong basis for a pathway to a future definitive trial of COB-MS, with respect to both feasibility and preliminary, clinical efficacy.
Empowering Digital Resilience: MachineLearning-Based Policing Models for Cyber AttackDetection in Wi-Fi Networks
Authors: MT Suryadi , Aminanto Achmad Eriza , Aminanto Muhamad Erza
Published: March 2024

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a significant digital transformation. The widespread use of wireless communication in IoT has posed security challenges due to its vulnerability to cybercrime. The Indonesian National Police's Directorate of Cyber Crime (Dittipidsiber) is expected to play a preventive role in supervising these attacks, despite lacking a specific cyber-attack prevention function. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS), employing artificial intelligence, can differentiate between cyber-attacks and non-attacks. This study focuses on developing a machine learning-based policing model to detect cyber-attacks on Wi-Fi networks. The model analyzes network data, enabling quick identification of attack indications in the command room. The research involves simulations and analyses of various feature selection methods and classification models using a public dataset of cyber-attacks on Wi-Fi networks. The study identifies mutual information with twenty features as the optimal feature reduction method and Neural Network as the best classification method, achieving a 94% F-Score within 95 seconds. These results demonstrate the proposed IDS's ability to swiftly detect attacks, aligning with previous research findings.
Synergetic Effect of Digestate Dissolved Organic Matter and Phosphogypsum Properties on Heavy Metals Immobilization in Soils
Authors: Skvortsova Polina , Ablieieva Iryna , Tonderski Karin , Chernysh Yelizaveta , Plyatsuk Leonid , Sipko Iryna , Mykhno Hanna
Published: March 2024

The main idea was to justify the natural, technological, and ecological aspects of digestate-based composite for heavy metals (HMs) binding in soil due to organic matter content and mineral additives’ biosorption properties. The study aimed to determine the potential of a composite made from digestate and phosphogypsum for remediation of HMs polluted soils and the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in binding HMs. Methods used included a literature review to identify the mechanisms for HM binding to digestate DOM, a laboratory setup for producing a digestate-based composite with digestate (from manure or sewage sludge) mixed with phosphogypsum, and an analysis of digestate fluorescence properties. Results show that a composite based on digestate from manure as feedstock had a higher fluorescence complexity index than a composite with sewage sludge digestate (2.2 and 1.71, respectively). However, the DOM stability in the sewage sludge digestate composite was higher than reported in the literature, probably due to the mineral composition of phosphogypsum, which resulted in a high HMs sorption capacity and its positive effect on soil microbial activity. Based on the theoretical substantiation of DOM content and its binding properties, manure was the most effective feedstock type out of the two tested if digestate was used for HM remediation. Using a digestate-based composite with phosphogypsum can potentially reduce the ecological risk levels imposed by HM-contaminated soils from considerably too low.
Photoautotrophic Micropropagation of Triploid Melon. I: Sucrose, Light, and CO2 Affect Growth and Net Photosynthetic Rates of Shoot Buds
Authors: Adelberg Jeffrey , Fujiwara Kazuhiro , Kirdmanee Chalermpol , Kozai Toyoki
Published: March 2024

Growth and net photosynthetic rates of shoots of a triploid melon clone, `(L-14 × B) × L-14', were observed over 21 days following transfer from a multiplication MS medium containing 3% sucrose and 10 μM BA to a shoot development medium containing 1 μM BA at varying levels of sucrose in the medium (0%, 1%, and 3%), and light (50, 100, and 150 PPF) and CO2 (500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) in the headspace. Largest numbers of shoot buds were observed in media with 3% sucrose. Increased light and CO2 had a positive interactive effect. Fresh and dry weights were greatest at highest levels of sucrose, light, and CO2. Although there was less growth in the absence of sucrose, fresh or dry weight of shoot buds grown without sucrose in the media still doubled over the 21 days of culture. Net photosynthetic rates of buds were negative 4 days after initiation of culture and approximately zero after 20 days of treatment. When transferring buds to fresh, sugar-free media, net photosynthetic rates became highly positive. Buds that had been cultured in the absence of sucrose and at highest light levels had the highest net photosynthesis rates upon transfer to fresh, sugar-free media.
Modeling Nutrient Uptake and Prolonged Use of Nutrient Solutions in Soilless Tomato Culture
Authors: Benmoussa Mohamed , Gauthier Laurent
Published: March 2024

In soilless culture, the buffering capacity of the root environment for nutrients is low. This, combined with fluctuations of climatic factors and changes in nutrient uptake rates, can lead to nutrient imbalances. In order to achieve high yield and better quality, it is necessary to keep the nutrient concentrations in the root environment at the target levels. This requires frequent analysis and adjustments to the nutrient solution. Currently, leaching of the growing media or renewal of the nutrient solution is commonly used to avoid accumulation or depletion of nutrient in the root environment. However, this practice lowers the efficiency of fertilizers and can lead to the contamination of the ground water. One way to remedy to this problem is through the use of nutrients uptake models to track the composition of the nutrient solutions. The objective of this study was to develop such models. Such models can be used to maintain balanced nutrient solutions for longer periods. This can lead to reduced leaching and improved fertilizer use efficiency. Macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) uptake models were developed for tomato plants grown in an NFT system using data collected from experiments conducted in the Laval Univ. greenhouses. Analysis of the experimental results showed that the main factors affecting nutrients uptakes are light and transpiration.
Morphological Variation in Western Trailing Blackberry (Rubus ursinus) in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Anderson Angela K. , Finn Chad E.
Published: March 2024

Trailing blackberry cultivars, such as `Marion', can be traced to relatively few chance selections of Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. Wild R. ursinus offer a range of horticulturally desirable traits to breeders, from high fruit quality to improved cold hardiness. Cuttings from 460 plants, representing 20 populations in southern British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon, collected in 1993. Rooted clones were planted in 1994 in a replicated field trial to assess morphological variation. A greenhouse study was also undertaken, with 10 clones represented from each site, in two replications. Preliminary data from the greenhouse and field studies show variability in the following morphological characters: Glandular hairs; cane and prickle color; cane diameter; prickle density; internode length; leaf color, size, shape and density; and senescent leaf drop and color change. Floricane morphology will be assessed in 1995. Analysis of these data will determine relative genetic distances among the populations and enhance the understanding of the diversity available in R. ursinus.
Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Transplants
Authors: Soundy Puffy , Cantliffe D.J. , Hochmuth G.J. , Stoffella P.J.
Published: March 2024

`South Bay' lettuce transplants were grown in F392A styrofoam Speedling® flats at different levels of N to evaluate the effect of N on transplant quality and subsequent yield and head quality in the field. Plants were irrigated eight times over a 4-week growing period by floating flats for 30 min in nutrient solution containing eight 0, 15, 39, 45, or 60 mg·liter–1 N supplied from NH4NO3. Dry shoot mass, leaf area, and plant height increased linearly with increasing N rates and dry root mass and stem diameter increased in a quadratic fashion. Transplants with the greatest plant biomass were, therefore, produced with 60 mg·liter–1 N. Plants from the 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg·liter–1 N treatments were planted in sandy soil in plastic-mulched beds under drip irrigation. To optimize lettuce head maturity among the treatments, plants from the N treatments were harvest 53, 56, and 59 days after transplanting (DAT). The optimum time to harvest was determined to be 56 DAT. There was no yield response (measured in terms of head mass) or quality response (measured in terms of head height, head diameter, head compactness or core length) to N applied during transplant production. This indicated that transplants produced with 15 mg·liter–1 N gave equally good yield to those produced with 30, 45, or 60 mg·liter–1 N when N was applied via flotation irrigation.
Molecular Phylogeny and DNA Amplification Fingerprinting of Petunia
Authors: Cerny Teresa A. , Starman Terri W.
Published: March 2024

Seed of five species of petunia and 10 cultivars of Petunia xhybrida were obtained from several sources and plants were fingerprinted using DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). Within some species, variable fingerprints were generated between individual plants from the same seed source and/or different sources. Consistencies were found among DAF profiles by bulking the leaf tissue from 10 different plants, but not five plants. Each of 10 octamer primers used during the study revealed polymorphic loci between the species and cultivars. Among the 201 bands produced, 146 (73%) loci were polymorphic and these could be used to distinguish between each of the species and cultivars. Scoring for presence and absence of the amplified bands was used to generate a phylogenetic tree and to calculate the pairwise distances between each of the taxa using parsimony (PAUP) analysis. The tree generated using DAF molecular markers separated P. axillaris from P. parodii (two white-flowered species), and distinguished between the violet-flowered species, P, inflata, P. integrifolia, and P. violacea.
Aroma Volatile Production in Preharvest AVG-treated `Golden Delicious' Apple Fruit and the Effect of Poststorage Ethylene Treatment
Authors: Song Jun , Bangerth Fritz
Published: March 2024

Changes in the profile of aroma volatiles during ripening and after ethylene treatment in apple fruit have revealed a close relationship exists between ethylene production and the timing and magnitude of volatile synthesis. Therefore, AVG (ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor) was used to study the relationship between volatile biosynthesis and metabolic processes affected by ethylene in apple fruits. AVG-treated fruit were stored either for 1 month at 2C in air or 5 months in ULO condition. During the post-storage ripening, the fruits were exposed to 50 μl·liter–1 of ethylene at least 12 h/day. Aroma production was determined at 20C. Total volatile compound production by AVG-treated fruit was much lower than that of untreated fruit. A significant increase in the production of most aroma volatile after 1 month storage in air was induced by ethylene treatment to AVG-treated fruits. I was noted that branched-chain volatile, such as 2-methylbutylacetate, which originates from branched-chain amino acids, has increased prior to butylacetate and hexylacetate, which are derived from fatty acids. Ethylene treatment was unable to stimulate the production of straight-chain volatile compounds following the 5 months of ULO storage. These results are consistent with observations suggesting apple fruit lose their sensitivity to ethylene after long ULO storage.
Preemergence Weed Control with Sulfentrazone (F 9285) and Sulfentrazone Combinations in Field-grown Ornamentals
Authors: Crotser Michael P. , Weston Leslie A. , McNiel Robert
Published: March 2024

Sulfentrazone is a promising new herbicide now under evaluation for use in agronomic and ornamental cropping systems. Sulfentrazone selectively controls yellow nutsedge, morningglories, and other annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. Research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of sulfentrazone in combination with other labeled products for preemergence weed control in nursery crops. Treatments included sulfentrazone at 0.56 and 1.12 kg a.i./ha and sulfentrazone at 0.37 kg a.i./ha in combination with the following; dithiopyr at 0.37 kg, oxyfluorfen at 0.56 kg, metolachlor at 3.36 kg, isoxaben at 0.56 kg, norfluorazon at 2.64 kg, and isoxaben plus oryzalin at 2.24 kg a.i./ha. Combinations of sulfentrazone with isoxaben or metolachlor provided superior control of morningglory spp., honeyvine milkweed, Carolina horsenettle, and yellow nutsedge. Sulfentrazone plus oxyfluorfen or isoxaben plus oryzalin also provided good control. Poorest overall control was obtained with sulfentrazone plus dithiopyr. Viburnum and deciduous holly were slightly injured 4 WAT with sulfentrazone plus metolachlor. Sulfentrazone plus dithiopyr treatments resulted in serious injury to burning bush 4 WAT and slight injury at 8 WAT.
Evaluation of Techniques for Screening Verticilium Wilt of Capsicum annuum
Authors: Riley M.K. , Bosland P.W.
Published: March 2024

Two studies were performed to evaluate techniques for screening verticillium wilt of Capsicum annuum L. The first study tested inoculation methods. The original method involved mixing the inoculum with planting medium in a cement mixer for 1 h. Seeds then were planted in the infested medium. In the new technique, inoculum is poured directly into the row, and seeds are placed directly on top of the inoculum. Inoculum levels of 2000 and 1000 mcrosclerotia/g of soil were tested in the new “in-row” method. The disease severity of the “in-row” plants was significantly less than the plants inoculated by the original method. A significant difference remained between resistant and susceptible lines. There was no difference between inoculum levels. The second study compared three commercial planting media to the standard soil used in previous screenings. Disease severity did not differ among media, and all media showed significant differences between resistant and susceptible C. annuum lines.
Differential Reaction of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Germplasm to Monosproascus Vine Decline
Authors: Wolff David W.
Published: March 2024

We conducted a field screen of 130 melon cultigens to identify potential sources of host-plant resistance to Monosporascus cannonballus. Seed were sown in Speedling trays with inoculated or non-inoculated media. Plants were transplanted into a field known to be highly infested with Monosporascus cannonballus. Noninoculated plots were planted in rows that were fumigated with Telone II. Cultigens were arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications in each treatment (fumigated, nonfumigated). A disease symptom rating (1 = complete death to 5 = no symptoms) was taken at 78 and 90 days post-transplanting. Disease symptoms were most severe and occurred earliest in the inoculated, nonfumigated plots. Natural infection by Monosporascus occurred in the fumigated plots as over 95% of root samples collected contained perithecia. At the second rating date, 108 of the 130 cultigens tested were classified as moderately to highly susceptible (rating < 2.5). The four most resistant genotypes had a second rating equal or close to 4.0 (`Galia', `Deltex', `Rocky Sweet', and `Charlynne'). A group of 14 genotypes showed moderate resistance with a second rating of 3.0. Included in this group were `Morning Ice', `Doublon', `Israeli', `MR-1', `Santa Clause', and `Primo'. The physiological stress of a concentrated fruit set increases severity of vine decline symptoms.
Use of Propane Flamers in Potato Production
Authors: Gill J. , Laguë C. , Lehoux N. , Duchesne R-M.
Published: March 2024

We investigated the use of propane flamers in potato production. The thermal sensitivity of young potato plants and Colorado potato beetles (CPB) (eggs, larvae, adults) were determined in the laboratory and then validated in the field. The thermal treatment intensities for top killing prior to harvest were also determined both in the laboratory and in the field for three potato varieties and compared to chemical defoliant. The results obtained showed that young potato plants (0 to 10 cm) can recover from flaming treatments targeted against weeds and CPB early into the growing season. Effective thermal top killing is dependent upon potato variety (foliage density) and maturity level and inducement of sufficient temperature rise within the potato plant canopy to effectively control fall populations of CPB. A thermal strategy for weed and CPB control and top killing was elaborated and compared to chemical pesticides in term of operating costs.
Promising Cultivars of Prunus divaricata for the Central Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine
Authors: Sydorchuk Larissa V.
Published: March 2024

Prunus divaricata has attracted attention as a commercial culture only recently, but it is in the process of becoming a valuable fruit culture in Ukraine, where it has been planted in an area of >3000 ha. P. divaricata bears fruit earlier during the 2nd or 3rd year after planting. Its fruits ripen earlier than that of plums and are consistently abundant, fairly large, of high-quality, rich in vitamins, and easy to transport. These fruits can be eaten fresh or processed The trees have a short dormancy period, which may account for their relatively poor winter-hardiness. The root system of P. divaricata is shallow and mainly located at a depth of 50 cm from the soil surface. Its vertical roots, however, reach a depth of 2 m or more. The young roots may freeze at ≈12C. However, winter hardiness of the different cultivars varies and is determined by their origin. P. divaricata blooms early, roughly at the time when the flowering of early apricots ends. Its flowers are less susceptible to late frosts than those of apricots. For pollination, three or four different cultivars are needed. Yields ranging from >70 to 80 kg have been reached at the seventh leaf stage with the following cultivars in central Ukraine: `Olen'ka', `Obil'na”, `Raketa', `Zhemchuzhyna', and `Vasylius'ka' (control standard).
Shade Levels, Wind Speed, and Wind Direction Influence Air Temperature in Mini-shadehouses
Authors: Vladimirova S. , McConnell D.B. , Bucklin R.A.
Published: March 2024

The effect of four shade levels (47%, 63%, 80%, and 91%) on air temperature was evaluated using 24 arch-shaped, open-ended shadestructures oriented with their longitudinal axis in north–south direction. The mini-shadehouses were 80 × 185 × 80 cm (width × length × height). Six replicates per treatment (shade level) were randomly assigned within the experimental plot. Light levels were measured using Sunceram solar cells. Copper-Constantan thermocouples were installed 60 cm from ground level and 20 cm from the north entrance. The experiment was initiated in July 1994 and terminated in Oct. 1994. Data from 20 consecutive days in August were analyzed. Eighty percent shade had the highest air temperature; however, the average difference between 47%, 63%, and 91% shade was less than 1C. Wind direction and speed affected air temperature with north or south winds correlated with highest temperatures. Analysis of the data shows averaged air temperatures differed by ≤1C for all shade levels. Consequently, these structures may be used for replicated research studies involving plant growth.
Use of Pre-sidedress Nitrate Test and SPAD Meter to Evaluate Nitrogen Needs of Peppers
Authors: Mangan Francis X. , Howell John , Herbert Stephen
Published: March 2024

Hot cherry peppers were grown after incorporation of the following three winter cover crop regimes in Summer 1994—hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) plus winter rye (Secale cereale), hairy vetch alone, and no cover crop. For each main effect there were three N rates applied to peppers in three applications over the course of the season: 0, 85, and 170 kg·ha–1. The pepper yield was significantly higher with hairy vetch plus rye than rye alone or no cover crop. There was also no significant yield increase with the addition of N fertilizer to the peppers grown with hairy vetch. Soil nitrate–N levels taken just prior to N sidedress were significantly higher in plots that had hairy vetch plus rye compared to other treatments. There was also a significant linear relationship of the soil nitrate–N levels among the three N rates. Based on the results of this study, sidedressing peppers would be recommended when soil nitrate levels are above the 25 ppm that is the current threshold for other crops. SPAD readings were taken several times during the season. There was a high correlation of SPAD readings to pepper yield very early and very late in the season. The correlation of SPAD readings to pepper yield was poorest when taken at the time of N sidedress.
Growth Performance of Potted Poinsettia in Crab Waste Compost
Authors: Ku Catherine S.M. , Bouwkamp John C. , Gouin Frank R.
Published: March 2024

Maryland Chesapeake Bay crab industry generates ≈20 tons of crab waste annually. The crab waste compost (CWC) was a mixture of crab chum and saw dust that had an initial EC of ≈26 dS·m–1. In Fall 1994, soft-pinched single stem `Annette Hegg Red' poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima) in 15-cm azalea pots were grown in media containing Sunshine mix, 1 CWC: S base mix (BM), 1 CWC: 2 BM,. 1 CWC: 1 BM, or 2 CWC: 1 BM. Base mix is a 1 peat: 1 perlite (v/v). Fertigation treatment with 266 mg·liter–1 N from 30N–4.4P–8.8K was began on the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd week after potting. The total fertigations ranged from 8 to 10 for the 13-week study. With Sunshine mix, shoot height and canopy diameter were ≈15% greater than with 16% CWC mix and were ≈27% greater than with 67% CWC mix. There was a ≈10% decreased in the shoot height and canopy diameter with increasing %CWC in mix from 17% to 67%, but there was no difference in number of branches among the CWC mixes.
Transplant Cell Size Affects Early and Total Yield of Muskmelon
Authors: Maynard E.T. , Vavrina C.S. , Scott W.D.
Published: March 2024

Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. cvs. Superstar and Mission) transplants were grown in seedling flats with individual cells ranging in volume from 7 to 100 cm3. The smallest cells were in a 338-cell polystyrene flat 33 cm wide × 66 cm long × 4.75 cm deep; the largest cells were in a 32-cell plastic flat 30.5 × 50.8 × 6.5 cm. The study was conducted in Florida and Indiana during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. Seedlings of uniform age were transplanted to the field and grown to maturity using standard cultural practices. Early yield of `Superstar' muskmelon, measured as number of fruit per plot or percentage of total yield, increased as transplant cell volume increased. In one trial, plants from 7-cm3 cells produced no early yield, while plants from 100-cm3 cells produced 40% of the total yield in the first three harvests. In three of the four trials, total yield of `Superstar' increased as cell volume increased. Marketable early yield of `Mission' muskmelon, measured as number or weight per plot, increased as cell volume increased in three of four trials. In Florida, total yield of `Mission' also increased as cell volume increased. Size of `Superstar' fruit was not influenced by cell volume. In Florida, size of early `Mission' fruit increased as cell volume increased.
Establishment of Hawthorn Seedlings as Affected by Site of Antidessicant Application
Authors: Remmick Michael D. , Fuchigami Leslie H.
Published: March 2024

A film-forming antidesiccant (Moisturin-4; Burke's Protective Coatings, Washougal, Wash.), 1:1 (v/v) with water, was applied to dormant, bare-root, 2-year seedlings of Washington hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum), a difficult-to-establish species. Antidesiccant applications were made to nonstressed controls or to stressed plants (13 h air-drying at 19C and 20% RH) either before or after drying. Antidesiccant was applied to stems only (SO), roots and stems (RS), or not at all (stressed controls). Three subgroups of treated plants were measured to assess changes in fresh weight (FW), xylem water potential (XWP), or specific conductivity (ks) of stems before stress, after stress, or 2 to 3 weeks following planting in the greenhouse. Applications of antidesiccant to SO allowed stressed plants to recover prestress levels of FW after 2 to 3 weeks, whereas stressed plants receiving the RS treatment did not fully recover prestress levels of FW. XWP of stressed SO plants tended to increase following outplanting. ks was highly variable, but tended to be higher in nonstressed plants. Nonstressed and SO seedlings had higher percentages of budbreak.
Scanning Electron Microscope Studies of the Development from Germination to Mature Plant of Some Hardy Terrestrial Orchids
Authors: Szendrák Erika , Read Paul E. , Eszéki Eszter R. , Jámbor-Benczúi Elizabeth , Csillag Aniko
Published: March 2024

Cultures of several orchid species [Barlia robertiana (Loisel.), Dactylorhiza fúchsii Soó, D. incarnata (L.) Soó, D. maculata (L.) Soó, D. majalis (Rchb.), D. saccifera (Brong) Soó, D. sambucina (L.) Soó, Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R.Br., Himantoglossurn hircinum (L.) Spreng., Ophris sphegodes Mill., Orchis coriophora ssp. fragrans L., Orchis laxiflora ssp. palustris Lam., Orchis mascula L., Orchis morio L., Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich., Spiranthes aestivalis (Poir.) Rich.] were initiated with fresh ripe seeds from desiccated fruit and 4-month-old in vitro seedlings. The medium used for both germination and seedling culture was a modified FAST medium. Samples for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) surveys were taken from the in vitro cultures and some plant materials were collected from their native habit. Samples were observed with a Tesla BS 300 SEM. Seeds ranged from 300 to 450 μm in length and were flask-shaped. The first germination step is opening of the seedcoat, when the first few white cells will be visible. After a few weeks, the apical meristem appears. The young protocorm is covered with numerous translucent rhizoids. In the last stage of germination, the first root and the first true leaf start to develop. After 2 years, they are suitable for transfer ex vitro. Structure of the mature organs and tissues can be examined at this stage.
Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Cell Suspensions of Thlaspi caerulescens and Brassica napus Treated with the Heavy Metal Zinc
Authors: Bundithya Weenun , Kitto Sherry L.
Published: March 2024

Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae), known as a Zn hyperaccumulator, is able to accumulate and tolerate Zn at high concentrations in its biomass. Cell suspension cultures of Thlaspi caerulescens J et C Presl and B. napus `Westar' have been initiated to study the effect of high Zn concentrations on growth and nutrient uptake. Preliminary studies determined the optimal conditions for subculturing and maintaining cultures. Cell suspensions grew best on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with B5 vitamins and 1 mg 2,4-D/liter at 0.4 g/25 ml inoculation density, and with a 2-week subculture period. In an initial experiment, cell suspensions were cultured in media containing 1.96 ppm Zn (basal) or 49 ppm Zn (25x). Media and tissue samples were collected at days 0, 4, 7, 10, and 13, and their nutrient content was analyzed by ICP-AES. Thlaspi and Brassica cell suspensions grew equally well on both media. For both species, uptake patterns of Ca, K, Mg, Mn, and P were not significantly different between the two media; however, >97% of the P was taken up within 2 weeks. Zinc concentration was reduced during the first 4 days (lag phase) in the high-Zn medium, with 27% and 41% taken up by the Thlaspi and Brassica cultures, respectively. Thlaspi took up significantly less Zn than did Brassica. By day 13, Thlaspi and Brassica tissue collected from the high-Zn medium contained 10x and 32x, respectively, more Zn when compared to tissue grown on basal medium.
Recovery from “Near-lethal” Stress by Soaking Plant Tissue in Water
Authors: Shirazi A.M. , Fuchigami L.H.
Published: March 2024

Previously, we reported that plant recovery from “near-lethal” (NL) (sublethal) stresses depended on stage of development and poststress environment (PSE). Dormant red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) plants exposed to NL heat, freezing, and hydrogen cyanamide either died or were severely injured when stored at 0C or recovered at 23C and nautral condition. Exposure of dormant stem tissues of red oak (Quercus rubra), paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and European mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), to heat stress also resulted in higher ion leakage when they were stored at 0C PSE for 3 weeks. Soaking NL-heat-stressed (49C for 1 hour) stem tissue of red-osier dogwood in double distilled water for 48 hours before incubating at 0C PSE for 2 and 12 weeks resulted in lower ion leakage and 80% tissue survival. NL-stressed tissue had higher sodium and similar potassium leakage at 0C PSE. At 23C, PSE NL stress had no effect on leakage of these specific ion.
Quantification of Dormancy—Physiological and Biochemical Approaches
Authors: Khan Anwar A.
Published: March 2024

Quantification of seed dormancy has been achieved by measuring physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes accompanying dormancy release, as well as dormancy development. At the physiological level, dormancy is quantified in terms of stratification time, strength of embryo covering structures, embryo growth potential, responsiveness to light, and to temperatures and other changes. At the biochemical level, dormancy has been related to hormone (abscisic acid, gibberellin, etc.) levels, respiratory activity, and other metabolic functions. At the molecular and cellular level, dormancy has been associated with RNA and protein synthesizing ability and with gene expression. Our recent studies with lettuce seeds using gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors indicate that the amount of gibberellin produced during seed soak may mediate dormancy release and is quantitatively related to the level of dormancy. Examples of quantifiable changes associated with dormancy will be described. Whether a quantifiable change reflects a causal relationship with dormancy release or development, or is a consequence thereof, will be discussed.
فعالية تطوير كتاب متن الأجرومية على شكل خرائط المفاهيم
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah
Published: March 2024

كان أسلوب التعليم يسمى بخرائط المفاهيم الذي أوجدها "طاني بوزان" (Tony Buzon) في أول مرّة، وهي خطة ممتازة للذاكرة،  التي يمكن أن نتركب الفكرة حتى يستعمل كيفية عملية الدماغ منذ بداية البحث. إذن لتذكير المعلومات وحفظ الدراسة ستكون الدراسة أسهل وأحسن من الكتابة التقليدية. تريد الباحثة استخدام خرائط المفاهيم لتطوير المادة النحوية من كتاب "متن الأجرومية" لتلاميذ الصف الأول بمدرسة منبع الصالحين المتوسطة الإسلامية لمعرفة فعالية استخدام تطوير المادة النحوية من كتاب "متن الأجرومية" على شكل خرائط المفاهيم، ولزيادة رغبة التلاميذ في تعليم النحو. تستخدم الباحثة خرائط المفاهيم لتطوير المواد النحوية من كتاب متن الأجرومية في هذا البحث. أما أسلوب بملأ عبارة في اللوحة مع الألوان المتنوعة حسب تقسيم المواد، ولكلّ لون له معنى. وهذا البحث بالتجربة في الصف الأول "N" بمدرسة منبع الصالحين الإسلامية الحكومية بغرسيك. هذا البحث يبحث عن كيفية تطوير كتاب متن الأجرومية على شكل خرائط المفاهيم لتنمية فهم النحو وتطبيقه للصف الأول بمدرسة منبع الصالحين الإسلامية الحكومية بغرسيك ومدى فعاليتها. تستخدم الباحثة طريقة البحث والتطوير بعملية تطوير المواد وتجريبه. وهذا البحث يدلّ على أنّها "فعّال" . هذا بدليل أن معدل نتيجتهم في الإختبار البعدي هو 89،66  أو % 89،66 في مستوى "جيّد جدّا".
تدريس اللغة العربية في الجامعة النصرانية دوتا وجانا يوكياكارتا
Authors: LUDFI MUHAMAD MUSTOFA
Published: March 2024

ملخص: يهدف هذا البحث إلى وصف تدريس اللغة العربية في الجامعة النصرانية دوتا وجانا يوكياكارتا الذي يتعلق بالمنهج المدرسي واستعداد المدرس قبل الدراسة وعملية التدريس في الفصل والطريقة التدريسية المستعملة في التدريس ووسائل التدريس المستعملة وتسميم الدراسة. ويستعمل هذا البحث المدخل الكيفي بطريقة الملاحظة والمقابلة لنيل البيانات. وأما نتائج البحث فهي (1) المنهج المدرسي الذي يستعمل في تدريس اللغة العربية هو المنهج الذي يكونه المدرس نفسه، (2) في استعداد التدريس، يجب على كل المدرس أن يكون الخطوات المدرسية والتصميم التدريسي، (3) عملية التدريس يتكون من التمهيد التدريسي والعرض والاختتام، (4) وطريقة التدريس المستعملة هي القراءة والترجمة، (5) الكتب المدرسية المستعملة هي ليبات أول (Libat I) وليبات ثانى (Libat II) للدكتور جهايا س فرجا الماجستير والتلاوة في تدريس قراءة القرآن وكتابته التى كتبها أجوس سوليستيونو والدروس الأولية في قراءة القرآن للدكتور نور خالص مجيد الماجستير، (6) ووسائل التدريس المستعملة هي الكتب الدراسية والقرآن الكريم والسبورة والقلم والحاسوب، (7) واختبار التدريس يتكون من الامتحان اليومي والامتحان النصف والامتحان النهائي. التدريس، اللغة العربية، الجامعة النصرانية دوتا وجانا.
ثقافة ترجمة جيغكوت و دوره فى تكوين التفكير النّاقِد لدى طلبة المعاهد الإسلامية فى أندونيسيا (دراسة وصفية عن تحقيقالمجال الإدراكيّلِ بلوم)
Authors: محمودة أمي
Published: March 2024

ملخص البحث: ترجمة جيغكوت (bearded translation) هي من بعض ثقافات إندونيسيا الإسلامية. و هي الترجمة التى قام بها رِجالُ المعهد فى الكتب الصفراء. تحتوي عمليتها قِيَمَ مجالات بلوم ( Bloom). تلك العمليات تُعَلِّمُ أيضا التفكير النَّاقد. إستخدمت المقالة المدخل الكيفيّ الوصفيّ بالدراسة المكتبية و الملاحظة.تطبيق مجال بلوم الإدراكي (   cognitive domain ) فى تعليم التفكير النَّاقد أثناء تعليم ترجمة جيغكوتوهو كما يلى 1ـ المعرفة (Knowledge) "يُعرّف الطالب تعريفاً تاما عن الوضوء" .2  الفهم (Comprehension) "أعاد الطالب صياغة تعريف الوضوء بكلماته الخاصة". هذا يعلّم التفكير النَّاقد وهو "محاولة المرء فى توسيع آفاق التفكير" 3.التطبيق (Application) "مَثّل الطالب كيفية الوضوء", 4ـ التحليل (Analysis) "يقرأْ الطالب بترجمة جيغكوت حيث يحلِّل نحْويّا و صرفيّا" .5 .ـ التركيب (Synthesis) يشرح الطالب المراد من المادة التى تم قراءتها عن وسيلة ترجمة جيغكوت 6ـ التقييم (Evaluation) قام الطالب بتقييم أخيه فى قرأة باب الوضوء بترجمة جيغكوت بحيث يحلله نحويّا و صرفيّا ويأتى بمراد ما يقرأ صحيحا وهذا يُعلّم التفكير النَّاقد و هو 1) التفكير المفتوح 2) الإحترام بانتقادات الآخرين و 3) لم يزل فى الإنتباه بالمهمة الأساسية و 4) سرعة الإنتباه بانتقادات الآخرين و معرفةمميزاتهم. تُوصىَ بأن تستمر ثقافة ترجمة جيغكوت لأنها تُحقِّقُ مجال الإدراكيّ لِ بلوم و فى نفس الوقت يُعلِّم التفكير النَّاقد.
التعريب ويتحدّى في تعليم اللغة العربية لغيرالناطقين بها
Authors: الرزي أحمد يشكر أمن
Published: March 2024

الملخص تعليم اللغة العربية متنوعة ومتفرقة إتحدّها أو مشكلتها ولا نستطيع أن نخلى من تعسير وصعوبة في التعليم ،وتفريقمشكلتها للناطيقين بها ولغير النطقين بها.ومنها توليد الكلمة المعرّبة من اللغة الأم الأعجمي فيعرّبها لتسلسل إلى الكلمة العربية أو لعسرة إيجد في اللغة العربية. بإمكن أخر خلفية التعريبمن تطوير اللغة الدولية المتقدمة في جميعميدن الحياة من تقنية أو تكنولوجيا، أو تطوير شبكة الدولية من الحسوب أو الهاتف وغير ذالك. وهذه مظهرة التعريب أو المعربة توقع متوفرا ومتغزرا في علاقة بين اللغة العربية واللغة الأخرى. وبهذا الظنون من توقعية التعريب ربم صور كيف التعريب  كيف مفهمه، شروطه، طروقه. والمهمة كيف تطبيق في  تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها الصححة من مود التعليم.
Su’u>batu Ta’allumi Al - lughotul Arabiyah fi> Maha>rati Al – kala>mi (Diro>satun Al – Ha>lati bima’had A- Nur Mojokerto)
Authors: Fitriyah Khoirunnisa'il
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Religious subjects must be delivered in Islamic boarding schools such as Arabic, Islamic Religious Education and Alquran Hadith. Arabic has an important position as a subject that must be mastered by students especially among students because learning Arabic is the main key in understanding other religious sciences. there are four skills conveyed in learning Arabic; speak, write, listen and read Arabic. But the main purpose of this research is to focus on analyzing the difficulties of students in speaking Arabic by looking for the main causative factors and providing solutions linguistically and non-linguistically. This research is descriptive qualitative, the data collection method uses observation, interviews and documentation. The analysis technique uses data reduction, data presentation and making data conclusions. Conclusion From the results of this study are; first, students lack confidence when speaking Arabic. Second, there is a great deal of concern over mistakes in using Arabic grammar. Third, the lack of opponents to communicate in Arabic (environment).
Profile of Short Vowel ‘A’ in Japanese Language that Determines the Meaning as Pronounced by University Students in Indonesia
Authors: Febriyanti Rike
Published: March 2024

The research discussed that certain sounds, like the short vowel ‘a’, which was entirely different from the long vowel ‘a’, were specific to Japanese and had distinct meanings from those of Indonesian. As a result, 60 students majoring in Japanese language instruction from six Indonesian universities were interviewed face-to-face and recorded. Native speakers of the Japanese language were requested to record their voices using the short vowel ‘a’ as the students’ sound reference. After that, the students were asked to identify and produce the short vowel ‘a’. PRAAT was then used to analyze the students’ recordings. Additionally, the students’ sounds were contrasted with those of Japanese native speakers. The spectrogram analysis clearly shows that students are still having trouble telling the difference between the long vowel ‘a’ (OBAASAN) and the short vowel ‘a’ (OBAASAN) because they produce significantly longer short vowels ‘a’ that are almost as long as double vowel ‘a’. This is highly likely to occur since Japanese language learners are not taught to deliberately recognize the distinct sounds, such as the long and short vowels ‘a’, that distinguish the language’s meanings. In addition, their low frequency and energy density of pronunciation of the short vowel ‘a’ suggest they are less confident in their pronunciation.
The Impact of Machine’s and Students’ Translation on Accuracy of Roda Kehidupan
Authors: Sipayung Kammer Tuahman
Published: March 2024

The research aimed to describe the impact of machine translation on translation accuracy. Machine translation was widely used to translate the original language to the target. Accuracy was a crucial thing that the translator needed to restructure in the target language. The research applied a qualitative method with sampling based on its criteria. In addition, the research had two types of data: objective and effective. There were two instruments used to collect data; the first was instruction for translating a short film entitled “Roda Kehidupan”. The students were asked to translate a short film with the help of a machine, without machine translation, and the final version of the translation. The second instrument was the translation accuracy indicator, formulated in indicator form. The translation accuracy indicator (questionnaire) was distributed to inter-raters. The research shows that the accuracy of translation without machine translation (first version) is inaccurate (1,5); however, the accuracy of translation with machine translation (second version) is categorized as less accurate (2,4), and the translation accuracy on the final version of the translation is 2,3 (less accurate). The researcher suggests that the translator and lecturer need to use machine translation in translating, but a human touch (post-editing of translation) is really important to achieve high translation quality.
Ambiente alimentar e adesão à alimentação escolar de adolescentes brasileiros: análise multinível
Authors: Froelich Mendalli , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Mendes Larissa Loures , Talvia Sanna Sinikka , Muraro Ana Paula
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar associados à adesão à alimentação escolar entre adolescentes de escolas públicas brasileiras. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados de 67.881 adolescentes de 11 a 19 anos, estudantes de escolas públicas que participaram da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) 2015. A variável dependente foi a frequência de consumo da alimentação escolar, classificada em adesão (≥3x/semana), adesão insatisfatória (1-2x/semana) e não adesão (nenhum dia). Utilizou-se regressão multinível ordinal para estimar o efeito das variáveis individuais e do ambiente escolar na adesão à alimentação escolar. Resultados: Dentre os estudantes avaliados, 31,3% aderiram à alimentação escolar, 37,9% aderiram insatisfatoriamente e 30,8% não aderiram. Após ajuste para variáveis individuais, observou-se maior adesão entre os que frequentavam escolas sem cantina (OR: 1,46; IC 95%: 1,35-1,57), sem ponto alternativo de venda de alimentos (OR: 1,29; IC 95%: 1,20-1,39 ), do Sul (OR: 1,38; IC 95%: 1,22-1,56), Sudeste (OR: 1,30; IC 95%: 1,16-1,46) e Centro-Oeste (OR: 1,95; IC 95%: 1,75-2,18) , não capitais (OR: 1,42; IC 95%: 1,33-1,52) e áreas rurais (OR: 1,41; IC 95%: 1,26-1,57). Conclusão: Os estudantes que frequentam escolas sem cantina e ponto alternativo de venda apresentaram 46% e 29% maiores chances de adesão à alimentação escolar, respectivamente. Esses resultados destacam a necessidade de intervenções que promovam um ambiente escolar alimentar mais saudável e fortaleçam as ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional nas escolas públicas brasileiras.
Strategizing: Theory and Practice: Collection of Selected Research Articles and Proceedings of the Seventh International Research-to-practice Conference (03/29/2024-03/30/2024). Vol. XIV. Book II. Kuzbass Region Strategic Universitarium
Authors: Kvint Vladimir
Published: March 2024

The Collection contains selected research articles and proceedings of
participants of the session «Kuzbass Region Strategic Universitarium» of the Sixth
International Research-to-Practice Conference «Strategizing: Theory and Practice».
The Kuzbass Region session of the conference is attended by members of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, professors, doctors of sciences, PhD candidates,
postgraduate students and graduates, researchers and professionals in the field of
strategizing, heads of industrial enterprises of various levels and industries from
many regions of Russia, including from Moscow, Kuzbass Region, St. Petersburg,
as well as foreign researchers from Armenia, China, France, Germany, Israel,
Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Slovenia, USA, and Republic of Uzbekistan. Research
studies describe the theoretical, methodological and practical issues of regional and
regional-sectoral strategies. Research articles and proceedings of the conference
published in this collection are useful for researchers and scientists, practitioners in
the field of strategizing, as well as postgraduates, graduates students and students of
higher educational institutions.
Role of public attitude, knowledge, and trust in shaping the acceptance of recycled wastewater for potable and non-potable uses
Authors: Gul Samiya , Govender Ivan Gunass , Bux Faizal , Baba Sajad Hassan
Published: March 2024

The acceptance of recycled wastewater plays a pivotal role in shaping the success of water management strategies. This study examines relation of public attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, and trust toward recycled wastewater systems, utilizing a survey of participants. The results reveal substantial knowledge deficits, with only 23.8% correctly defining recycled wastewater. In addition, 46.3% of respondents were knowledgeable about water scarcity, while 45.3% correctly identified the largest water uses. Attitudes were more reserved toward potable applications, with only 5% strongly agreeing to consume recycled water for drinking. Behavioral intentions favored non-potable uses, with 87% agreeing to use recycled wastewater for home gardening and flushing toilets, while 56% considered consuming food irrigated with recycled wastewater acceptable. Trust in water authorities emerged as a significant factor influencing acceptance. Lack of competence and not acting in public interest were identified as key factors eroding trust. The study also explored the influence of religion, revealing that non-contact applications were widely accepted across all religions, while direct-contact applications generated varied responses. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational campaigns, the cultivation of trust, and a nuanced approach considering cultural and religious diversity to promote wastewater recycling.
Optimal allocation planning of regional water resources with multiple objectives using improved firefly algorithm
Authors: Yang Zhiling , Wang Zhaocai , Yao Zhiyuan , Bao Xiaoguang
Published: March 2024

Population growth and economic development, coupled with water pollution and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, have led to a growing contradiction between water supply and demand in some regions. To address this challenge, rational and optimal allocation of regional water resources has emerged as a crucial approach. This study focuses on creating a comprehensive model for optimizing regional water resource allocation, taking into account social, economic, and ecological factors. In addition, three innovative modifications are introduced to the firefly algorithm (FA), resulting in the development of the improved firefly algorithm (IFA). The effectiveness of IFA is validated through experiments involving nine benchmark functions. The results highlight the improved search efficiency and convergence achieved by IFA compared to other intelligent algorithms. Moreover, the application of IFA in solving the water resource allocation challenge in Shannxi Province, China, for 2020 and 2021 demonstrates a reduction in the overall water shortage rate to 4.69 and 1.72%, at a 75% guarantee rate. This reduction in water shortages contributes to addressing future scarcities. The proposed allocation scheme offers comprehensive benefits and provides crucial technical support for water resource management. Ultimately, this study offers valuable insights and guidance for addressing the issue of water supply–demand disparities.