bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endogenous IL-33 Deficiency Exacerbates Liver Injury and Increases Hepatic Influx of Neutrophils in Acute Murine Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Carrière Virginie , Arshad Muhammad Imran , Le Seyec Jacques , Lefevre Benjamin , Farooq Muhammad , Jan Aurélien , Manuel Christelle , Touami-Bernard Laurence , Lucas-Clerc Catherine , Genet Valentine , Gascan Hugues , Girard Jean-Philippe , Chalmel Frédéric , Lamontagne Lucie , Piquet-Pellorce Claire , Samson Michel
Published: May 2017

The alarmin IL-33 has been described to be upregulated in human and murine viral hepatitis. However, the role of endogenous IL-33 in viral hepatitis remains obscure. We aimed to decipher its function by infecting IL-33-deficient mice (IL-33 KO) and their wild-type (WT) littermates with pathogenic mouse hepatitis virus (L2-MHV3). The IL-33 KO mice were more sensitive to L2-MHV3 infection exhibiting higher levels of AST/ALT, higher tissue damage, significant weight loss, and earlier death. An increased depletion of B and T lymphocytes, NKT cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages was observed 48 h postinfection (PI) in IL-33 KO mice than that in WT mice. In contrast, a massive influx of neutrophils was observed in IL-33 KO mice at 48 h PI. A transcriptomic study of inflammatory and cell-signaling genes revealed the overexpression of IL-6, TNFα, and several chemokines involved in recruitment/activation of neutrophils (CXCL2, CXCL5, CCL2, and CCL6) at 72 h PI in IL-33 KO mice. However, the IFNγwas strongly induced in WT mice with less profound expression in IL-33 KO mice demonstrating that endogenous IL-33 regulated IFNγexpression during L2-MHV3 hepatitis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that endogenous IL-33 had multifaceted immunoregulatory effect during viral hepatitis via induction of IFNγ, survival effect on immune cells, and infiltration of neutrophils in the liver.
An Observational Cohort Study on Delayed-Onset Infections after Mandibular Third-Molar Extractions
Authors: Brunello Giulia , De Biagi Marleen , Crepaldi Giulia , Rodrigues Fernanda Izaura , Sivolella Stefano
Published: May 2017

Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and clinical features of delayed-onset infections after mandibular third-molar extractions. Method and Materials. An observational cohort study was conducted on 179 patients undergoing mandibular third-molar extraction between January 2013 and December 2015, for a total of 217 extractions. Data were recorded at the time of extraction (T0), on suture removal seven days later (T1), and 30 days after the extraction, when patients were contacted and asked about their healing process (T2). The statistical analysis was performed with nonparametric tests. A p value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Eight delayed-onset infections were recorded, amounting to 3.7% of all extractions. The median time elapsing from the extraction to the delayed-onset infection was 35 days (IQR 28–40; min 24–max 49). Younger age and longer surgical procedures seemed to be more often associated with this complication. Conclusion. Delayed-onset infections after third-molar extractions are relatively rare postoperative complications characterized by a swelling, usually with a purulent discharge. Patients should be informed of this possibility, which might develop even several weeks after the extraction.
Incidence of Mycotoxins in Local and Branded Samples of Chocolates Marketed in Pakistan
Authors: Naz Narjis , Kashif Aiza , Kanwal Kinza , Ajaz Humayun
Published: May 2017

The present overview was intended to evaluate the degree of total aflatoxins and ochratoxin A contamination in different samples of bitter, dark, milk, and white chocolates marketed in Pakistan. For that exploration, two hundred (n=200) samples of chocolates, 100 branded and 100 local, were analyzed for mycotoxins profile by HPLC-FLD. The outcomes firmly sustained that the majority of the samples were contaminated with aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. The incidence of total aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in branded samples was 83% and 90%, whereas the local samples showed 91% and 97% contamination, respectively. The highest amount of total aflatoxins was found in branded dark chocolates, that is, 2.27 μg/kg, and maximum ochratoxin A level was detected white chocolates (2.06 μg/kg). On average, the local white chocolates and dark chocolates faced the highest level of total aflatoxins (3.35 μg/kg) and ochratoxin A (3.48 μg/kg), respectively. The local samples of chocolates were more contaminated with mycotoxins as compared to branded ones accredited to the lack of quality control and quality assurance during the manufacturing as well as packing processes. In recent years, consumption of chocolate is rapidly increasing especially by young generation, so monitoring of mycotoxin occurrence in them is a matter of great concern and more studies are required to comprehend the production of mycotoxins in these products.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Material
Authors: Li Juan
Published: May 2017

Polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared by using twin screw extruder. The experimental results showed that with the increasing amount of MWNTs the elongation at break decreased whereas the tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength increased. By using scanning electron microscope (SEM), we find that the hydroxyl-modified carbon nanotube has better dispersion performance in PP and better mechanical properties.
Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Affect Myogenic Processes in C2C12 Myoblasts: Role of Gap-Junction-Mediated Intercellular Communication
Authors: Morabito Caterina , Steimberg Nathalie , Rovetta Francesca , Boniotti Jennifer , Guarnieri Simone , Mazzoleni Giovanna , Mariggiò Maria A.
Published: May 2017

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) can interact with biological systems. Although they are successfully used as therapeutic agents in physiatrics and rehabilitative practice, they might represent environmental pollutants and pose a risk to human health. Due to the lack of evidence of their mechanism of action, the effects of ELF-EMFs on differentiation processes in skeletal muscle were investigated. C2C12 myoblasts were exposed to ELF-EMFs generated by a solenoid. The effects of ELF-EMFs on cell viability and on growth and differentiation rates were studied using colorimetric and vital dye assays, cytomorphology, and molecular analysis of MyoD and myogenin expression, respectively. The establishment of functional gap junctions was investigated analyzing connexin 43 expression levels and measuring cell permeability, using microinjection/dye-transfer assays. The ELF-EMFs did not affect C2C12 myoblast viability or proliferation rate. Conversely, at ELF-EMF intensity in the mT range, the myogenic process was accelerated, through increased expression of MyoD, myogenin, and connexin 43. The increase in gap-junction function suggests promoting cell fusion and myotube differentiation. These data provide the first evidence of the mechanism through which ELF-EMFs may provide therapeutic benefits and can resolve, at least in part, some conditions of muscle dysfunction.
Examining the Benefits and Barriers of Instructional Gardening Programs to Increase Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Preschool-Age Children
Authors: Davis Kristen L. , Brann Lynn S.
Published: May 2017

Research exists on using instructional gardening programs with school age children as a means of improving dietary quality and for obesity prevention. This article examines the potential use of instructional gardens in childcare settings to improving fruit and vegetable intake in young children. A qualitative study was conducted with childcare providers. Participants (n=20) were recruited via e-mails, letters, and follow-up phone calls. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify themes within two areas(1)childcare providers perceptions of children’s fruit and vegetable consumption and(2)components necessary to initiate or improve instructional gardening programs. Themes associated with provider’s perceptions of child fruit and vegetable consumption included benefits of consumption, willingness to try fruits and vegetables, meeting recommendations, and influence of the home and childcare environments on child eating. Benefits, barriers, and resources needed were identified as themes related to starting or improving instructional gardening programs. Benefits to gardening with preschoolers are consistent with those found in school-age populations. While several barriers exist, resources are available to childcare providers to address these barriers. Increased knowledge and awareness of resources are necessary to improve the success of gardening programs in the childcare setting with the goal of improving child diet quality.
The Impact of Environmental Factors in Influencing Epigenetics Related to Oxidative States in the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Angelini Francesco , Pagano Francesca , Bordin Antonella , Milan Marika , Chimenti Isotta , Peruzzi Mariangela , Valenti Valentina , Marullo Antonino , Schirone Leonardo , Palmerio Silvia , Sciarretta Sebastiano , Murdoch Colin E. , Frati Giacomo , De Falco Elena
Published: May 2017

Oxidative states exert a significant influence on a wide range of biological and molecular processes and functions. When their balance is shifted towards enhanced amounts of free radicals, pathological phenomena can occur, as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissue microenvironment or in the systemic circulation can be detrimental. Epidemic chronic diseases of western societies, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes correlate with the imbalance of redox homeostasis. Current advances in our understanding of epigenetics have revealed a parallel scenario showing the influence of oxidative stress as a major regulator of epigenetic gene regulation via modification of DNA methylation, histones, and microRNAs. This has provided both the biological link and a potential molecular explanation between oxidative stress and cardiovascular/metabolic phenomena. Accordingly, in this review, we will provide current insights on the physiological and pathological impact of changes in oxidative states on cardiovascular disorders, by specifically focusing on the influence of epigenetic regulation. A special emphasis will highlight the effect on epigenetic regulation of human’s current life habits, external and environmental factors, including food intake, tobacco, air pollution, and antioxidant‐based approaches. Additionally, the strategy to quantify oxidative states in humans in order to determine which biological marker could best match a subject’s profile will be discussed.
Altered Cytokine Expression and Barrier Properties after In Vitro Infection of Porcine Epithelial Cells with EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coliand ProbioticEnterococcus faecium
Authors: Kern Martina , Günzel Dorothee , Aschenbach Jörg R. , Tedin Karsten , Bondzio Angelika , Lodemann Ulrike
Published: May 2017

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of the probiotic feed additiveEnterococcus faeciumNCIMB 10415 (E. faecium) on porcine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) during an in vitro challenge with enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC). Cells were incubated withE. faecium, ETEC, or both, and the effects on barrier function and structure and intra- and intercellular signaling were determined. Coincubation withE. faeciumabolished the ETEC-induced decrease in transepithelial resistance (Rt) (p≤0.05). No differences were seen in the expression levels of the intercellular connecting tight junction proteins examined. However, for the first time, a reorganization of the monolayer was observed in ETEC-infected cells but not in coincubated cells. ETEC induced an increase in cytotoxicity that was prevented by coincubation (p≤0.05), whereas apoptosis rates were not affected by bacterial treatment. ETEC increased the mRNA expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 which could be prevented by coincubation for TNF-αmRNA expression and IL-6 protein (p≤0.05). Likewise, cAMP concentrations elevated by ETEC were reduced in coincubated cells (p≤0.05). These findings indicate a protective effect of the probioticE. faeciumon inflammatory responses during infection with ETEC.
Effects of the Cone and Edge on the Acoustic Characteristics of a Cone Loudspeaker
Authors: Hu Yue , Zhao Xilu , Yamaguchi Takao , Sasajima Manabu , Sasanuma Tatsushi , Hara Akira
Published: May 2017

Loudspeakers are designed for reproducing the original sound field as faithfully as possible. In order to faithfully reproduce sound, it is important to understand the relationships among the physical characteristics of the loudspeaker. This paper focuses on the cone, the edge, and the behavior of air around the voice coil, which are important elements in the design of cone loudspeakers and evaluates their effects on the acoustic characteristics of the loudspeaker.
Gastrodia elata Blume Rhizome Aqueous Extract Improves Arterial Thrombosis, Dyslipidemia, and Insulin Response in Testosterone‐Deficient Rats
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Yang Hye Jeong , Moon Bo Reum , Kim Ji Eun , Kim Kang Sung , Park Sunmin
Published: May 2017

Testosterone deficiency deteriorates glucose and lipid metabolism with reducing muscle mass. We investigated whether the consumption of water extracts of Gastrodia elata Blume rhizome (GEB) rich in gastrodin would reduce the symptoms of testosterone deficiency and improve blood flow in orchidectomized (ORX) rats. ORX rats were given high‐fat diets supplemented with either 1% cellulose (ORX‐control), 0.3% GEB (GEB‐L), or 1% GEB (GEB‐H) for 8 weeks. Sham‐operated rats were fed the same diet as OVX‐control rats (normal‐control). ORX‐control rats had reduced serum testosterone levels by one‐fifth, compared to normal‐control rats. ORX‐control rats exhibited decreased lean body mass, attenuated blood flow, and impaired cholesterol metabolism and glucose control due to decreased insulin secretory response. GEB increased serum insulin levels dose‐dependently and GEB‐H mostly enhanced dyslipidemia in ORX rats. GEB completely normalized arterial thrombosis time and blood flow in ORX rats. Interestingly, ORX‐control rats showed attenuated hepatic insulin signaling but greater AMPK and CREB activities, which reduced triglyceride accumulation, compared to normal‐control. GEB‐H improved hepatic insulin signaling but maintained the AMPK and CREB activities in ORX rats. In conclusions, GEB ameliorated the impairment of cholesterol and glucose metabolism and blood flow in ORX rats. GEB may be a potential preventive measure for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with testosterone deficiency.
Malignant Transformation of Mature Cystic Teratoma Diagnosed after a 10-Year Interval
Authors: Jitsumori Mariko , Munakata Satoru , Yamamoto Toshiya
Published: May 2017

A 67-year-old uniparous woman had undergone surgery for acute perforated gastric ulcer 10 years prior to the current presentation. Although abdominal computed tomography (CT) performed at that point had revealed a mature cystic teratoma measuring 6 cm in diameter in the right ovary, it was left untreated. She visited the department of surgery at our hospital with chief complaints of appetite loss, nausea, and vomiting that had persisted for the prior two weeks. She was admitted with a diagnosis of ileus attributed to an abdominal incisional hernia. CT performed on admission revealed a tumor measuring 21 cm in diameter with mural nodules in the right ovary. Thus, surgery was performed under suspicion of malignant transformation of the previously detected ovarian mature cystic teratoma. While neither lymphadenopathy nor distant metastasis was detected by imaging studies, bilateral adnexectomy and repair of the abdominal incisional hernia were performed. Cytology of ascites was negative. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma arising from teratoma, and the postoperative clinical diagnosis was stage IA ovarian cancer. It was assumed that the mature cystic teratoma which had been detected in the right ovary 10 years earlier had undergone malignant transformation.
Inference of Biochemical S-Systems via Mixed-Variable Multiobjective Evolutionary Optimization
Authors: Chen Yu , Chen Dong , Zou Xiufen
Published: May 2017

Inference of the biochemical systems (BSs) via experimental data is important for understanding how biochemical components in vivo interact with each other. However, it is not a trivial task because BSs usually function with complex and nonlinear dynamics. As a popular ordinary equation (ODE) model, the S-System describes the dynamical properties of BSs by incorporating the power rule of biochemical reactions but behaves as a challenge because it has a lot of parameters to be confirmed. This work is dedicated to proposing a general method for inference of S-Systems by experimental data, using a biobjective optimization (BOO) model and a specially mixed-variable multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (mv-MOEA). Regarding that BSs are sparse in common sense, we introduce binary variables indicating network connections to eliminate the difficulty of threshold presetting and take data fitting error and the L0-norm as two objectives to be minimized in the BOO model. Then, a selection procedure that automatically runs tradeoff between two objectives is employed to choose final inference results from the obtained nondominated solutions of the mv-MOEA. Inference results of the investigated networks demonstrate that our method can identify their dynamical properties well, although the automatic selection procedure sometimes ignores some weak connections in BSs.
A Modified Lotka–Volterra Model for Diffusion and Substitution of Multigeneration DRAM Processing Technologies
Authors: Hung Hui-Chih , Chiu Yu-Chih , Wu Muh-Cherng
Published: May 2017

We attempt to develop an effective forecasting model for the diffusion and substitution of multigeneration Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) processing technologies. We consider market share data and propose a modified Lotka–Volterra model, in which an additional constraint on the summation of market share is introduced. The mean absolute error is used to measure the accuracy of our market share predictions. Market share data in DRAM industries from quarter one (Q1) of 2005 to 2013 Q4 is collected to validate the prediction accuracy. Our model significantly outperforms other benchmark forecasting models of both revenue and market share data, including the Bass and Lotka–Volterra models. Compared to prior studies on forecasting the diffusion and substitution of multigeneration technologies, our model has two new perspectives: (1) allowing undetermined number of multigeneration technologies and inconsecutive adoption of new technologies and (2) requiring less data for forecasting newborn technologies.
Treatment of Cervical Artery Dissection: Antithrombotics, Thrombolysis, and Endovascular Therapy
Authors: Peng Jing , Liu Zunjing , Luo Chunxia , Chen Lin , Hou Xianhua , Xiao Li , Zhou Zhenhua
Published: May 2017

Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is an important cause of stroke for young patients, accounting for 5–22% of strokes in patients <45 years of age, which presents not only a great burden to the stroke victims but also a financial burden to the family and society. Because CAD can lead to different clinical lesions, including neuropathy, acute ischemic stroke, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and is an arterial dissection with a self-healing tendency, the treatment options depend on the clinical manifestations. The main purpose of the treatment is to control CAD-induced neuronal damage and to restore blood flow. The treatment programs include drug treatment and endovascular treatment. However, antithrombotic treatment is crucial. Both antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulant drugs are used to reduce the risk of stroke, but whether one treatment strategy is more effective than the other is unknown. The efficacy and timing of the endovascular treatment of CAD remain controversial.
FTO Gene Associates and Interacts with Obesity Risk, Physical Activity, Energy Intake, and Time Spent Sitting: Pilot Study in a Nigerian Population
Authors: Oyeyemi Bolaji Fatai , Ologunde Charles Ayorinde , Olaoye Ayonposi Bukola , Alamukii Nanfizat Abiket
Published: May 2017

Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene influences obesity but studies have shown that environmental/lifestyle variables like physical activity (PA), time spent sitting (TSS), and energy intake might mediate the effect. However, this is poorly understood in Nigeria due to scarce studies. We demystified association and interaction between FTO rs9939609, obesity, PA, TSS, and energy intake in Nigeria. FTO gene variant was genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism and gene sequencing analysis in 103 people with obesity and 98 controls. Anthropometrics and environmental variables were measured using standard procedures. Significant associations were found between FTO rs9939609 with obesity and environmental/lifestyle variables before and after adjusting for age. Carriers of allele A have significantly higher odds of being overweight/obese using BMI [0.191 (0.102–0.361), p<0.001] but this was attenuated by PA (p[interaction]=0.029); odds of being overweight reduced from 0.625 (0.181–2.159) to 0.082 (0.009–0.736) for low and high PA, respectively. Mediation analysis of total indirect effect also confirmed this by showing a simultaneous mediating role of total PA, energy intake, and TSS in the relationship between FTO and BMI (unstandardized-coefficient = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.26–2.22). This study shows a relationship between FTO and obesity phenotype and environmental/lifestyle factors might be an important modulator/mediator in the association.
Study of Testicular Structure in Fetuses with Prune Belly Syndrome
Authors: Favorito Luciano A. , Costa Suelen F. , Costa Waldemar S. , Vieiralves Rodrigo , Bernardo Fabio O. , Sampaio Francisco J. B.
Published: May 2017

Purpose. To compare the structure of the testis in fetuses with prune belly syndrome (PBS) to normal controls.Materials and Methods. We studied 6 testes obtained from 3 fetuses with PBS and 14 testes from 7 male fetuses. The testicular specimens were cut into 5-μm thick sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), to observe the seminiferous tubules; Weigert’s solution to observe elastic fibers; and picrosirius red to observe collagen. The images were captured with an Olympus BX51 microscope and Olympus DP70 camera. The stereological analysis was done with the Image Pro and Image J programs. Means were statistically compared using the Mann–WhitneyUtest (p<0.005).Results. Quantitative analysis documented no differences (p=0.4) in number of seminiferous tubules (ST) in PBS testes (mean = 8.87%,SD=1.59), when compared to the control (mean = 11.4%,SD=2.99) and no differences (p=0.8) in diameter of ST in PBS testes (mean = 52.85 μm,SD=1.58) when compared to the control group (mean = 53.17 μm,SD=1.55), but we did observe a lower number (p=0.0002) of Leydig cells in the PBS testes (mean = 67.03% andSD=3.697) when compared to the control group (mean = 90.1% andSD=2.986).Conclusions. Our study showed a lower concentration of Leydig cells in the triad syndrome fetuses.
The Case of Reactive Arthritis Secondary toEchinococcusInfestation
Authors: Alım Bülent , Çetinel Sinan , Servi M. Alperen , Bostancı Fahrettin , Bingöl Mehmet Ozan
Published: May 2017

Reactive arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease that develops after an infection and it usually occurs following a gastrointestinal or genitourinary system infection and it belongs to the family of arthritis called “spondyloarthritis.” We wanted to represent a rare case of reactive arthritis secondary toEchinococcusinfestation. Cyst hydatid disease is common in endemic regions like Turkey. Internal organ involvements, especially liver and lung, are most frequent involvements. Primary bone involvement is rare complication ofEchinococcusinfestation. In our case, the patient withEchinococcusinfection developed right knee arthritis and sacroiliitis. Other reactive and oligoarthritis causes were excluded and diagnosis of reactive arthritis secondary to cyst hydatid infestation was done with the present findings. Cold pack and TENS treatment were applied as symptomatic treatment to the right knee of the patient. Acemetacin was given as medical treatment. On the 5th day of treatment, right knee and ankle arthritis were clinically regressed. In regions where the disease is seen as endemic, such as Turkey, patients with musculoskeletal symptoms should consider the possibility of musculoskeletal involvement due to the hydatid cyst.
Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy Presenting with Unusual Behavioural Disturbances in an Adolescent Girl
Authors: Karthik Murugan Selvaraj , Nandhini Kulothungan , Subashini Viswanath , Balakrishnan Ramasamy
Published: May 2017

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is a rare autoimmune disorder with neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations and elevated titres of anti-thyroid antibodies. Here we are reporting a case of HE in a 19-year-old girl who presented with seizure-like episodes, confusion, and behavioural disturbances with catatonic symptoms such as posturing, echopraxia, echolalia, and ambivalence. Patient did not respond to antipsychotics and anticonvulsants. On further investigation, patient was found to have high serum anti-TPO antibodies of about 1261 U/mL with euthyroid status, which supported a suspicion of HE. Our consultant neurologist confirmed the diagnosis and she was started on injection of methylprednisolone 750 mg OD. Since patient started showing clinical improvement, her antipsychotic medications were tapered off. On follow-up, patient has recovered and is functioning well. Since HE is a diagnosis of exclusion, very high anti-TPO antibodies and good response to steroids supported the diagnosis of HE in this patient after excluding other etiological possibilities. This case has been reported because the clinical presentation was predominantly neurobehavioural manifestations which is uncommon with HE.
A Constellation of Rare Findings in a Case of Goldenhar Syndrome
Authors: Bedi Mitesh , Jain Rakesh Kumar , Barala Vipin Kumar , Singh Abhimanyu , Jha Hiranmayi
Published: May 2017

An 18-month-old child presented with right macrostomia, bilateral preauricular skin tags, bilateral CTEV, squint in bilateral eyes, thoracic vertebral anomalies, right sided aortic arch, and associated left pulmonary agenesis. The patient did not have any associated respiratory symptoms. Ipsilateral pulmonary agenesis is considered as a rare association with Goldenhar syndrome and a case of contralateral pulmonary aplasia has been described as an even rarer association.
Division of Area of Fixation Interest for Real Vehicle Driving Tests
Authors: Xu Qian , Guo Tang-yi , Shao Fei , Jiang Xue-jiao
Published: May 2017

The area of interest (AOI) reflects the degree of attention of a driver while driving. The division of AOI is visual characteristic analysis required in both real vehicle tests and simulated driving scenarios. Some key eye tracking parameters and their transformations can only be obtained after the division of AOI. In this study, 9 experienced and 7 novice drivers participated in real vehicle driving tests. They were asked to drive along a freeway section and a highway section, wearing the Dikablis eye tracking device. On average, 8132 fixation points for each driver were extracted. After coordinate conversion, the MSAP (Mean Shift Affinity Propagation) method is proposed to classify the distribution of fixation points into a circle type and a rectangle type. Experienced drivers’ fixation behavior falls into the circle type, in which fixation points are concentrated. Novice drivers’ fixation points, which are decentralized, are illustrated in the rectangle type. In the clustering algorithm, the damping coefficient λ determines the algorithm convergence, and the deviation parameter p mainly affects the number of clusters, where larger p values generate more clusters. This study not only provides the cluster type and cluster counts, but also presents the borderlines for each cluster. The findings provide significant contribution to eye tracking research.
Aerothermodynamic Effects and Modeling of the Tangential Curvature of Guide Vanes in an Axial Turbine Stage
Authors: Shieh Tzong-Hann
Published: May 2017

By tangential curvature of the stacking line of the profiles guide vanes can be designed, which have on both ends an obtuse angle between suction side and sidewall. This configuration, according to literature, is capable of reducing secondary loss. This type of vanes develops considerable radial components of the blade force and effects a displacement of the meridional flow towards both sidewalls. In this paper we work with a finite-volume-code for computations of the three-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations for an axial turbine stage with radial and two types of tangentially curved guide vanes. With computational results, mathematical formulations are developed for a new flow model of deflection of such blades that are formally compatible with the assumption of a rotation-symmetrical flow and with the existing throughflow codes, in order to predict the deflection angle over the blade height for the tangential leaned and curved blades.
On Certain Translation Invariant Properties of Interior Transmission Spectra and Their Doppler’s Effect
Authors: Chen Lung-Hui
Published: May 2017

We study the translation invariant properties of the eigenvalues of scattering transmission problem. We examine the functional derivative of the eigenvalue density function Δ(x^) to the defining index of refraction n(x). By the limit behaviors in frequency sphere, we prove some results on the inverse uniqueness of index of refraction. In physics, Doppler’s effect connects the variation of the frequency/eigenvalue and the motion velocity/variation of position variable. In this paper, we proved the functional derivative ∂rΔx^=(1+nrx^)/π.
Research on Ciphertext‐Policy Attribute‐Based Encryption with Attribute Level User Revocation in Cloud Storage
Authors: Wang Guangbo , Wang Jianhua
Published: May 2017

Attribute‐based encryption (ABE) scheme is more and more widely used in the cloud storage, which can achieve fine‐grained access control. However, it is an important challenge to solve dynamic user and attribute revocation in the original scheme. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a ciphertext‐policy ABE (CP‐ABE) scheme which can achieve attribute level user attribution. In this scheme, if some attribute is revoked, then the ciphertext corresponding to this attribute will be updated so that only the individuals whose attributes meet the access control policy and have not been revoked will be able to carry out the key updating and decrypt the ciphertext successfully. This scheme is proved selective‐structure secure based on the q‐Parallel Bilinear Diffie‐Hellman Exponent (BDHE) assumption in the standard model. Finally, the performance analysis and experimental verification have been carried out in this paper, and the experimental results show that, compared with the existing revocation schemes, although our scheme increases the computational load of storage service provider (CSP) in order to achieve the attribute revocation, it does not need the participation of attribute authority (AA), which reduces the computational load of AA. Moreover, the user does not need any additional parameters to achieve the attribute revocation except for the private key, thus saving the storage space greatly.
Antioxidant Treatment Induces Hyperactivation of the HPA Axis by Upregulating ACTH Receptor in the Adrenal and Downregulating Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Pituitary
Authors: Prevatto Jessika P. , Torres Rafael C. , Diaz Bruno L. , Silva Patrícia M. R. e , Martins Marco A. , Carvalho Vinicius F.
Published: May 2017

Glucocorticoid (GC) production is physiologically regulated through a negative feedback loop mediated by the GC, which appear disrupted in several pathological conditions. The inability to perform negative feedback of the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis in several diseases is associated with an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, nothing is known about the effects of ROS on the functionality of the HPA axis during homeostasis. This study analyzed the putative impact of antioxidants on the HPA axis activity and GC‐mediated negative feedback upon the HPA cascade. Male Wistar rats were orally treated with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) or vitamin E for 18 consecutive days. NAC‐treated rats were then subjected to a daily treatment with dexamethasone, which covered the last 5 days of the antioxidant therapy. We found that NAC and vitamin E induced an increase in plasma corticosterone levels. NAC intensified MC2R and StAR expressions in the adrenal and reduced GR and MR expressions in the pituitary. NAC also prevented the dexamethasone‐induced reduction in plasma corticosterone levels. Furthermore, NAC decreased HO‐1 and Nrf2 expression in the pituitary. These findings show that antioxidants induce hyperactivity of the HPA axis via upregulation of MC2R expression in the adrenal and downregulation of GR and MR in the pituitary.
The Protective Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Ionizing Radiation Induced Ovarian Failure and Loss of Ovarian Reserve in Female Mouse
Authors: Gao Wei , Liang Jin-Xiao , Ma Chi , Dong Jing-yin , Yan Qiu
Published: May 2017

Ionizing radiation may cause irreversible ovarian failure, which, therefore, calls for an effective radioprotective reagent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential radioprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on ionizing radiation induced ovarian failure and loss of ovarian reserve in mice. Kun-Ming mice were either exposed to X-irradiation (4 Gy), once, and/or treated with NAC (300 mg/kg), once daily for 7 days before X-irradiation. We examined the serum circulating hormone levels and the development of ovarian follicles as well as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and oxidative stress 24 hours after X-irradiation. In addition, morphological observations on the endometrial luminal epithelium and the fertility assessment were performed. We found that NAC successfully restored the ovarian and uterine function, enhanced the embryo implantation, improved the follicle development, and altered the abnormal hormone levels through reducing the oxidative stress and apoptosis level in granulosa cells while promoting the proliferation of granulosa cells. In conclusion, the radioprotective effect of NAC on mice ovary from X-irradiation was assessed, and our results suggested that NAC can be a potential radioprotector which is capable of preventing the ovarian failure occurrence and restoring the ovarian reserve.
Distributed Group-Based Mobility Management Scheme in Wireless Body Area Networks
Authors: Gohar Moneeb , Alrubaish Hind Ahmed M. , Alowaid Ruba Suliman M. , Choi Jin-Ghoo
Published: May 2017

For group-based mobility management in 6LoWPAN-based wireless body area networks (WBAN), some schemes using the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIP) have been proposed. However, the existing PMIP-based mobility schemes tend to induce large registration delay and handover delay. To overcome such limitations, we propose a new distributed group-based mobility management scheme, in which the Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) function is implemented by each Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) and the handover operation is performed between two neighboring MAGs without the help of LMA. Besides, each MAG maintains the information of the group of mobile sensors and aggregates the Authentication-Authorization-Accounting (AAA) query messages for a group of mobile sensors as a “single” message to decrease the control overhead. By numerical analysis, it is shown that the proposed scheme can reduce the registration and handover delays, compared to the existing PMIP-based mobility schemes.
Polymalic Acid Tritryptophan Copolymer Interacts with Lipid Membrane Resulting in Membrane Solubilization
Authors: Ding Hui , Fox Irving , Patil Rameshwar , Galstyan Anna , Black Keith L. , Ljubimova Julia Y. , Holler Eggehard
Published: May 2017

Anionic polymers with membrane permeation functionalities are highly desirable for secure cytoplasmic drug delivery. We have developed tritryptophan containing copolymer (P/WWW) of polymalic acid (PMLA) that permeates membranes by a mechanism different from previously described PMLA copolymers of trileucine (P/LLL) and leucine ethyl ester (P/LOEt) that use the “barrel stave” and “carpet” mechanism, respectively. The novel mechanism leads to solubilization of membranes by forming copolymer “belts” around planar membrane “packages.” The formation of such packages is supported by results obtained from studies including size-exclusion chromatography, confocal microscopy, and fluorescence energy transfer. According to this “belt” mechanism, it is hypothesized that P/WWW first attaches to the membrane surface. Subsequently the hydrophobic tryptophan side chains translocate into the periphery and insert into the lipid bilayer thereby cutting the membrane into packages. The reaction is driven by the high affinity between the tryptophan residues and lipid side chains resulting in a stable configuration. The formation of the membrane packages requires physical agitation suggesting that the success of the translocation depends on the fluidity of the membrane. It is emphasized that the “belt” mechanism could specifically function in the recognition of abnormal cells with high membrane fluidity and in response to hyperthermia.
Could LC-NE-Dependent Adjustment of Neural Gain Drive Functional Brain Network Reorganization?
Authors: Guedj Carole , Meunier David , Meunier Martine , Hadj-Bouziane Fadila
Published: May 2017

The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system is thought to act at synaptic, cellular, microcircuit, and network levels to facilitate cognitive functions through at least two different processes, not mutually exclusive. Accordingly, as a reset signal, the LC-NE system could trigger brain network reorganizations in response to salient information in the environment and/or adjust the neural gain within its target regions to optimize behavioral responses. Here, we provide evidence of the co-occurrence of these two mechanisms at the whole-brain level, in resting-state conditions following a pharmacological stimulation of the LC-NE system. We propose that these two mechanisms are interdependent such that the LC-NE-dependent adjustment of the neural gain inferred from the clustering coefficient could drive functional brain network reorganizations through coherence in the gamma rhythm. Via the temporal dynamic of gamma-range band-limited power, the release of NE could adjust the neural gain, promoting interactions only within the neuronal populations whose amplitude envelopes are correlated, thus making it possible to reorganize neuronal ensembles, functional networks, and ultimately, behavioral responses. Thus, our proposal offers a unified framework integrating the putative influence of the LC-NE system on both local- and long-range adjustments of brain dynamics underlying behavioral flexibility.
Challenging a Misnomer? The Role of Inflammatory Pathways in Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Morrow Riley J. , Etemadi Nima , Yeo Belinda , Ernst Matthias
Published: May 2017

Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare, yet highly aggressive form of breast cancer, which accounts for less than 5% of all locally advanced presentations. The clinical presentation of inflammatory breast cancer often differs significantly from that of noninflammatory breast cancer; however, immunohistochemistry reveals few, if any, distinguishing features. The more aggressive triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer subtypes are overrepresented in inflammatory breast cancer compared with noninflammatory breast cancer, with a poorer prognosis in response to conventional therapies. Despite its name, there remains some controversy regarding the role of inflammation in inflammatory breast cancer. This review summarises the current molecular evidence suggesting that inflammatory signaling pathways are upregulated in this disease, including NF-κB activation and excessive IL-6 production among others, which may provide an avenue for novel therapeutics. The role of the tumor microenvironment, through tumor-associated macrophages, infiltrating lymphocytes, and cancer stem cells is also discussed, suggesting that these tumor extrinsic factors may help account for the differences in behavior between inflammatory breast cancer and noninflammatory breast cancer. While there are various novel treatment strategies already underway in clinical trials, the need for further development of preclinical models of this rare but aggressive disease is paramount.
Proximal Tibial Epiphysis Fracture in a 13-Year-Old Male Athlete
Authors: Stavrakakis Ioannis M. , Katsoulis Pavlos E. , Katsafarou Maria S.
Published: May 2017

Fractures of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia are rare, representing 0.5 to 3.0% of all epiphyseal injuries. These injuries can damage the popliteal vessels and their bifurcation, affecting the blood supply of the lower limb, as well as the nerves below the knee. Epiphyseal growth arrest is also a potential complication, leading to various angular deformities. We present a case of a 13-year-old male athlete with a posteriorly displaced Salter-Harris type II fracture of the proximal epiphysis of the left tibia who was treated conservatively with closed reduction and cast immobilization.
Effects of Radix Astragali and Its Split Components on Gene Expression Profiles Related to Water Metabolism in Rats with the Dampness Stagnancy due to Spleen Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Zhao Wen-Xiao , Cui Ning , Jiang Hai-Qiang , Ji Xu-Ming , Han Xiao-Chun , Han Bing-Bing , Wang Tong , Wang Shi-Jun
Published: May 2017

Radix Astragali (RA) with slight sweet and warm property is a significant “qi tonifying” herb; it is indicated for the syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency (DSSD). The purpose of this research was to explore effects of RA and its split components on gene expression profiles related to water metabolism in rats with the DSSD syndrome for identifying components representing property and flavor of RA. The results indicated that RA and its split components, especially polysaccharides component, significantly increased the body weight and the urine volume and decreased the water load index of model rats. Our data also indicated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to water metabolism involved secretion, ion transport, water homeostasis, regulation of body fluid levels, and water channel activity; the expression of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8 was improved; calcium, cAMP, MAPK, PPAR, AMPK, and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway may be related to water metabolism. In general, results indicate that RA and its split components could promote water metabolism in rats with the DSSD syndrome via regulating the expression of AQPs, which reflected sweet‐warm properties of RA. Effects of the polysaccharides component are better than others.
Ipsilateral Rupture of Quadriceps Tendon with Distal Tibia Fracture: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Banerjee Samik , Dooley Timothy P. , Parkinson James R.
Published: May 2017

Traumatic rupture of the quadriceps tendon by itself is not an uncommon clinical condition. However, its association with concurrent ipsilateral closed distal tibia oblique fracture is exceedingly rare with only one previously reported case in English literature. The dual diagnosis of this atypical combination of injury may be masked by pain and immobilization of the more obvious fracture and may be missed, unless the treating physician maintains a high index of suspicion. Suprapatellar knee pain with or without a palpable gap in the quadriceps tendon and inability to straight leg raise in the setting of a distal tibia fracture should raise concern, but if initial treatment employs a long-leg splint the knee symptoms may be muted. In this report, we describe this unusual combination of injury in a 67-year-old male patient who sustained a trivial twisting injury to the leg. The aim of this report is to raise awareness and emphasize the importance of thorough and repeated clinical examinations in the presence of distracting injuries. Despite the complexity of the problem, standard techniques for quadriceps tendon repair using transpatellar bone tunnels following locked intramedullary rodding of the tibia fracture may lead to optimal outcomes.
Optimal Branching Structure of Fluidic Networks with Permeable Walls
Authors: Pepe Vinicius R. , Rocha Luiz A. O. , Miguel Antonio F.
Published: May 2017

Biological and engineering studies of Hess-Murray’s law are focused on assemblies of tubes with impermeable walls. Blood vessels and airways have permeable walls to allow the exchange of fluid and other dissolved substances with tissues. Should Hess-Murray’s law hold for bifurcating systems in which the walls of the vessels are permeable to fluid? This paper investigates the fluid flow in a porous-walled T-shaped assembly of vessels. Fluid flow in this branching flow structure is studied numerically to predict the configuration that provides greater access to the flow. Our findings indicate, among other results, that an asymmetric flow (i.e., breaking the symmetry of the flow distribution) may occur in this symmetrical dichotomous system. To derive expressions for the optimum branching sizes, the hydraulic resistance of the branched system is computed. Here we show the T-shaped assembly of vessels is only conforming to Hess-Murray’s law optimum as long as they have impervious walls. Findings also indicate that the optimum relationship between the sizes of parent and daughter tubes depends on the wall permeability of the assembled tubes. Our results agree with analytical results obtained from a variety of sources and provide new insights into the dynamics within the assembly of vessels.
Hypoxia in Obesity and Diabetes: Potential Therapeutic Effects of Hyperoxia and Nitrate
Authors: Norouzirad Reza , González-Muniesa Pedro , Ghasemi Asghar
Published: May 2017

The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is increasing worldwide. Obesity and diabetes are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Obesity, a chronic hypoxic state that is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, is one of the main causes of type 2 diabetes. The hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) is involved in the regulation of several genes of the metabolic pathways including proinflammatory adipokines, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and insulin signaling components. It seems that adipose tissue hypoxia and NO‐dependent vascular and cellular dysfunctions are responsible for other consequences linked to obesity‐related disorders. Although hyperoxia could reverse hypoxic‐related disorders, it increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases the production of NO. Nitrate can restore NO depletion and has antioxidant properties, and recent data support the beneficial effects of nitrate therapy in obesity and diabetes. Although it seems reasonable to combine hyperoxia and nitrate treatments for managing obesity/diabetes, the combined effects have not been investigated yet. This review discusses some aspects of tissue oxygenation and the potential effects of hyperoxia and nitrate interventions on obesity/diabetes management. It can be proposed that concomitant use of hyperoxia and nitrate is justified for managing obesity and diabetes.