bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of P2Y12 inhibitor adherence in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Moon Jungyeon , Ozaki Aya F. , Chong Alice , Sud Maneesh , Fang Jiming , Austin Peter C. , Ko Dennis T. , Jackevicius Cynthia A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

P2Y12 inhibitors (P2Y12i) reduce cardiac events after acute coronary syndromes (ACS). However, suboptimal P2Y12i adherence persists. We aimed to examine P2Y12i non‐adherence using group‐based trajectory methods and to identify adherence predictors.

Methods

We conducted a population‐based, retrospective cohort study using administrative data in Ontario, Canada of patients ≥65 years admitted for ACS between April 2014 and March 2018 with a P2Y12i dispensed within 7 days of discharge. We used group‐based trajectory models to characterize longitudinal 1‐year adherence patterns. Predictors associated with each adherence trajectory were identified by multinomial logistic regression.

Results

We included 11 917 patients using clopidogrel and 9763 using ticagrelor, aged [mean ± SD]: 77.33 ± 8.31/73.59 ± 6.79 years; men: 56.2%/65.4%, respectively. We identified 3 longitudinal adherence trajectories, that differed by agent: 75% of clopidogrel and 68% of ticagrelor patients showed a consistently adherent trajectory, while 13%/17% were gradually, and 12%/15% were rapidly non‐adherent, respectively (p < 0.001). Differing baseline characteristics in each cohort were associated with observed adherence trajectories. Concomitant atrial fibrillation and prior bleeding history were associated with non‐adherence among clopidogrel users. Among ticagrelor users, women and older persons were more likely to be rapidly non‐adherent, adherence declining steeply starting 1 month post‐ACS.

Conclusions

We identified distinct adherence trajectories for clopidogrel and ticagrelor post‐ACS, with 3 out of 4 clopidogrel patients but only 2 out of 3 ticagrelor patients in the consistently adherent trajectory. Intensive interventions targeted to the period of steep adherence decline post‐ACS, particularly for women and older persons initiating ticagrelor, and patients with atrial fibrillation on clopidogrel should be considered and investigated further.
Belgian medication exposure during pregnancy (BeMeP), a new nationwide linked database: Linkage methods and prevalence of medication use
Authors: Larcin Lionel , Neven Anouk , Damase‐Michel Christine , Kirakoya‐Samadoulougou Fati
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to describe the implementation of a new retrospective Belgian national cohort of pregnant women, the Belgian Medication Exposure during Pregnancy (BeMeP).

Methods

We linked the national dispensing data to birth and death certificates and hospital stay data for a 7‐year period between 2010 and 2016 for the first time in Belgium. We presented the characteristics of pregnancy events associated with the mothers enrolled in the linkage study. Next, we constructed a cohort of pregnancies and compared some characteristics computed using the BeMeP database with the national statistics. Finally, we described the use of medications during pregnancy based on the first level of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification.

Results

We included 630 457 pregnant women with 900 024 pregnancy‐related events (843 780 livebirths, 1937 stillbirths, 6402 ectopic events, and 47 905 abortions) linked to medication exposure information. Overall, 96.3% of live births and 83.5% of stillbirths (national statistics as reference) were captured from the BeMeP. During pregnancy, excluding the week of birth, 78.9% of live birth pregnancies and 79.6% of stillbirth pregnancies were exposed to at least one medication. The most frequently dispensed medications were anti‐infectives (ATC code J = 50.2%) for live births and for stillbirths (44.0%).

Conclusion

We linked information on pregnancies, all reimbursed medications dispensed by community pharmacists, all medications dispensed during hospitalization, sociodemographic status, and infant health to create the BeMeP database. The database represents a valuable potential resource for studying exposure‐outcome associations for medication use during pregnancy.
Characterization of films and film‐forming solutions of chitosan/thermoplastic rice starch associations: Role of starch oxidation and plasticizer type in the molecular interactions
Authors: Horn Marilia M. , Amaro Martins Virginia C. , de Guzzi Plepis Ana Maria
Published: September 2023

Polysaccharide films are alternative sources to replace fossil‐based compounds. This study aimed to use rice starch modified by gelatinization and oxidation processes. Different properties were observed after blending it with chitosan and polyols, as evaluated on the film‐forming solutions by rheology. The interaction between chitosan and oxidized starch appeared higher, as the plasticizers exhibited a low effect on the rheological behavior. Polyols played an essential role in chitosan/gelatinized associations, driven by the number of OH groups. Films were evaluated by thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility, and tensile tests. The effect of the plasticizer type on chitosan/gelatinized starch was related to an increase in the temperature of the endothermic peak observed by DSC, confirming the role of hydroxyl groups of polyols in the polymer–polymer chain associations. The WVP and solubility decreased with starch oxidation due to increased chitosan–starch interactions. The decrease in tensile strength with adding polyols was correlated to reduced direct interactions between chitosan and starch chains. A drop of about 77% in elongation at break was observed in chitosan/oxidized starch film. On the other hand, elongation at break increased by around 14% in films with sorbitol (SO).

Highlights

Starch oxidation reduces the viscosity of film‐forming solutions.

The number of OH groups influences the gelation point measured by rheology.

The WVP is reduced in oxidized starch/chitosan associations.

Plasticizers enhanced the elongation at break of polysaccharide films.
Metformin use is associated with decreased asthma exacerbations in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Ararat Erhan , Landes Reid D. , Forno Erick , Tas Emir , Perry Tamara T.
Published: September 2023

Rationale

Metformin is a commonly used antidiabetes medication with suggested anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects. Metformin use has been associated with lower risk of asthma exacerbations and hospitalizations in adults. Here, we aimed to evaluate how asthma exacerbation rates changed after adolescents and young adults were prescribed metformin, and to learn if those changes were related to metformin prescription adherence.

Methods

Using secondary data of patients between 12 and 20 years old with asthma diagnosis and a metformin prescription from the Arkansas All Payers Claim Database and Arkansas School body mass index (BMI) database, we estimated the change in annualized asthma exacerbation rates after metformin prescription. We also evaluated the association of prescription adherence to the changes in those rates using univariate and multivariate regression models.

Results

A total of 464 patients met inclusion criteria. Outpatient exacerbation rates decreased after metformin prescription (13.4% only before vs. 7.8% only after, p = .009), and the annualized rate decreased more after metformin prescription as adherence increased (rank r = −.165, p < .001). After adjusting for potential confounders—age, sex, BMI, and inhaled corticoid steroid use—the strength of the association was attenuated.

Conclusions

Asthma exacerbation rates decreased after metformin prescription, but a larger sample of patients who have experienced exacerbations and including patients with asthma who have not been prescribed metformin is needed to better know whether these decreases are driven by metformin use.
Antimicrobial profile of the culturable olive sporobiota and its potential as a source of biocontrol agents for major phytopathogens in olive agriculture
Authors: Manetsberger Julia , Caballero Gómez Natacha , Benomar Nabil , Christie Graham , Abriouel Hikmate
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

The phytopathogens Xylella fastidiosa and Verticillium dahliae present an unparalleled threat to olive agriculture. However, there is no efficient field treatment available today for either pest. Spore‐forming bacteria (i.e., the sporobiota) are known for their extraordinary resistance properties and antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was thus to identify potential novel sustainable spore‐forming biocontrol agents derived from the culturable olive microbiome, termed the sporobiota, in general and in particular against X. fastidiosa and V. dahliae.

RESULTS

We demonstrate the wide‐ranging antimicrobial profile of 415 isolates from the culturable olive sporobiota towards human and plant pathogens. We further identified five candidates with antagonistic activity against X. fastidiosa and V. dahliae. These belong to the Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Peribacillus simplex clade. The activity was related to the species and their relative origin (soil versus leaf endophytic). It is of particular interest that two of these candidates are already naturally present at the site of disease‐development that is, plant interior. We further confirmed the presence of lipopeptide genes potentially associated with the reported bioactivity.

CONCLUSIONS

The study provides insights into how members of the olive sporobiota may support the olive plant to ward off detrimental pathogens. It further yields five promising candidates for the development of eco‐friendly, multi‐active biocontrol agents in olive agriculture. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Residential choice following separation and widowhood in middle and later life in Belgium and Sweden
Authors: Zilincikova Zuzana , Linares Isabel Palomares , Artamonova Alyona , Brandén Maria , Schnor Christine
Published: September 2023

It is well‐documented that residential moves are connected to life events such as separation or widowhood. However, much less is known about the residential choices that follow these events in middle and later life (between ages 50 and 70) and how the location of family members outside the household relates to these choices. Comparing the cases of Belgium and Sweden, this paper addresses (i) the extent to which (im)mobility after separation or widowhood is associated with the presence of older parents and adult children nearby; (ii) the extent to which the choice of destination is associated with the location of older parents and adult children for those separated, widowed, and married individuals who moved, and (iii) how these patterns vary among men and women. We answer these questions employing logistic regression models and discrete‐choice models fitted to Belgian and Swedish register data from 2012 to 2014. The results show unique patterns of mobility around separation and widowhood which differ from those of continuously married individuals. Separated and widowed men and women in both countries are generally more likely to make a move towards their parents than continuously married ones. Widowhood is also associated with an increased propensity for a move towards one's children. In contrast, separation is associated with a lower propensity for moving towards one's children, especially among men.
Tutorial on model selection and validation of model input into precision dosing software for model‐informed precision dosing
Authors: Taylor Zachary L. , Poweleit Ethan A. , Paice Kelli , Somers Katherine M. , Pavia Kathryn , Vinks Alexander A. , Punt Nieko , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Girdwood Sonya Tang
Published: September 2023

There has been rising interest in using model‐informed precision dosing to provide personalized medicine to patients at the bedside. This methodology utilizes population pharmacokinetic models, measured drug concentrations from individual patients, pharmacodynamic biomarkers, and Bayesian estimation to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters and predict concentration‐time profiles in individual patients. Using these individualized parameter estimates and simulated drug exposure, dosing recommendations can be generated to maximize target attainment to improve beneficial effect and minimize toxicity. However, the accuracy of the output from this evaluation is highly dependent on the population pharmacokinetic model selected. This tutorial provides a comprehensive approach to evaluating, selecting, and validating a model for input and implementation into a model‐informed precision dosing program. A step‐by‐step outline to validate successful implementation into a precision dosing tool is described using the clinical software platforms Edsim++ and MwPharm++ as examples.
Elimination of matrix effects in urine for determination of ethyl glucuronide by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kul Aykut , Sagirli Olcay
Published: September 2023

Rationale

Alcohol use disorder affects 4% to 5% of the world's population. Analysis methods are available for various biological fluids to detect this disorder. Determination of ethyl glucuronide in urine by the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method is frequently used in forensic toxicology. These analyses are known to cause matrix effects.

Methods

The presented study describes the elimination of matrix effects for ethyl glucuronide. This study used two different LC/MS/MS systems containing orthogonal and z‐spray ion sources. Ethyl glucuronide was analyzed in negative polarity in electrospray ionization. A different dilution method was chosen for each study. The methods were developed and validated according to the European Medicines Agency bioanalytical method validation parameters.

Results

The lower limit of quantitation of the developed methods was 0.025 μg/mL for ethyl glucuronide. The calibration curve of ethyl glucuronide was between 0.025 and 100 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of >0.99 for the two methods.

Conclusions

It was determined that the analyses using the z‐spray ion source were more affected by the matrix effect. The two validated methods involve rapid analysis time and simple sample preparation. Also, the methods were applied to real patients' urine.
Non‐zero‐sum games of discrete‐time Markov jump systems with unknown dynamics: An off‐policy reinforcement learning method
Authors: Zhang Xuewen , Shen Hao , Li Feng , Wang Jing
Published: September 2023

This article concentrates on the non‐zero‐sum games problem of discrete‐time Markov jump systems without requiring the system dynamics information. First, the multiplayer non‐zero‐sum games problem can be converted to solve a set of coupled game algebraic Riccati equations, which is difficult to be solved directly. Then, to obtain the optimal control policies, a model‐based algorithm adapting the policy iteration approach is proposed. However, the model‐based algorithm relies on system dynamics information, which has the limitations in practice. Subsequently, an off‐policy reinforcement learning algorithm is given to get rid of the dependence on system dynamics information, which only uses the information of system states and inputs. Moreover, the proof of convergence and Nash equilibrium are also given. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Detecting changes in fish behaviour in real time to alert managers to thresholds of potential concern
Authors: Burnett Matthew J. , Süßle Vanessa , Saayman Terence , Jewitt Graham , O'Brien Gordon C. , Downs Colleen T.
Published: September 2023

Fish behaviour is one biological organisational level regularly used to assess the state of freshwater ecosystems and can be monitored using fish telemetry methods. The development of activity sensors incorporated into fish telemetered tags allows for non‐spatial movement to be detected and is increasingly used to understand the energy budgets and response and fine‐scale behaviour of fishes. In addition, detecting tagged fish remotely and in real time highlights the need to process fish activity data in near real time to make it relevant to managers in the water resource sector. Our study on Labeobarbus natalensis, a cyprinid, in the uMngeni River in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, adapted and then tested the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), as developed for financial predictive modelling, using activity data from fish. To determine changes in behaviour, we compared the EWMA‐predicted fish behaviour against the present fish behaviour. We showed that the EWMA could adequately detect changes in behaviour on both individual and population levels. Changes in behaviour are potentially indicative of a change in environmental conditions and thus were developed into management alerts. We conducted further analyses using generalised additive mixed models (GAMM) to determine the relationship between fish activity and the environmental data collected. The GAMMs helped determine the potential drivers for changes in behaviour where the EWMA could detect these in real time. Detecting changes in behaviour in real time as a result of environmental variables can identify thresholds of potential concern influencing management decisions and allow managers to respond, contributing to improving effective freshwater management.
Falling behind: Evaluating projected sustainable development goals progress across varied income countries
Authors: Soto Gonzalo Hernández
Published: September 2023

The primary aim of this work is to prognosticate and evaluate the trajectory pertaining to the realization of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contingent upon the income levels prevalent within a diverse cohort of 349 countries. Employing Holt's forecast method, we classified SDGs in three bundles, namely higher needs, basic needs, and governance. Our analysis concludes that nations endowed with greater income levels exhibit a discernible amelioration in their SDGs indices, while countries with low and lower middle‐income strata manifest an alarming worsening of their trends. These empirical findings bear significant implications for policymakers ensconced within nations committed to the achievement of these goals, supranational institutions, non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), and scholars. The widening developmental gap urges for greater institutional attention from the international community before the situation further deteriorates. Tailored policies and strategic initiatives might effectively address the idiosyncratic challenges faced by these nations. Concurrently, fostering international cooperation and collaborative endeavors stand as potent prerequisites, substantively bolstering the concerted pursuit of sustainable development goals and enduring sustainability for the entirety of humanity.
Improvements in the Magnesium Ion Transport Properties of Graphene/CNT‐Wrapped TiO2‐B Nanoflowers by Nickel Doping
Authors: Wang Jingshun , Zhang Yongquan , Liu Guang , Zhang Tiandong , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Yue , Feng Yu , Chi Qingguo
Published: September 2023

Magnesium‐ion batteries are widely studied for its environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and high volumetric energy density. In this work, the solvothermal method is used to prepare titanium dioxide bronze (TiO2‐B) nanoflowers with different nickel (Ni) doping concentrations for use in magnesium ion batteries as cathode materials. As Ni doping enhances the electrical conductivity of TiO2‐B and promotes magnesium ion diffusion, the band gap of TiO2‐B host material can be significantly reduced, and as Ni content increases, diffusion contributes more to capacity. According to the electrochemical test, TiO2‐B exhibits excellent electrochemical performance when the Ni element doping content is 2 at% and it is coated with reduced graphene oxide@carbon nanotube (RGO@CNT). At a current density of 100 mA g−1, NT‐2/RGO@CNT discharge specific capacity is as high as 167.5 mAh g−1, which is 2.36 times of the specific discharge capacity of pure TiO2‐B. It is a very valuable research material for magnesium ion battery cathode materials.
Regulating Interlayer‐Spacing of Vanadium Phosphates for High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Aqueous Iron‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Chang , Xu Yushuang , Deng Wenjun , Zhou Yi , Guo Xinyu , Chen Yan , Li Rui
Published: September 2023

Although the research on aqueous batteries employing metal as the anode is still mainly focused on the aqueous zinc‐ion battery, aqueous iron‐ion batteries are considered as promising aqueous batteries owing to the lower cost, higher specific capacity, and better stability. However, the sluggish Fe2+ (de)intercalation leads to unsatisfactory specific capacity and poor electrochemical stability, which makes it difficult to find cathode materials with excellent electrochemical properties. Herein, phenylamine (PA)‐intercalated VOPO4 materials with expanded interlayer spacing are synthesized and applied successfully in aqueous iron‐ion batteries. Owing to enough diffusion space from the expanded interlayer, which can boost fast Fe2+ diffusion, the aqueous iron‐ion battery shows a high specific capacity of 170 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, excellent rate performance, and cycle stability (96.2% capacity retention after 2200 cycles). This work provides a new direction for cathode material design in the development of aqueous iron‐ion batteries.
Yolk–Shell Gradient‐Structured SiOx Anodes Derived from Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas Enable High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ouyang Quan , Li Guangshe , Zhang Xin , Zhao Xu , Fu Shilong , Li Liping
Published: September 2023

Gradient‐structured materials hold great promise in the areas of batteries and electrocatalysis. Here, yolk–shell gradient‐structured SiOx‐based anode (YSG‐SiOx/C@C) derived from periodic mesoporous organosilica spheres (PMOs) through a selective etching method is reported. Capitalizing on the poor hydrothermal stability of inorganic silica in organic–inorganic hybrid silica spheres, the inorganic silica component in the hybrid spheres is selectively etched to obtain yolk–shell‐structured PMOs. Subsequently, the yolk–shell PMOs are coated with carbon to fabricate YSG‐SiOx/C@C. YSG‐SiOx/C@C is comprised of a core with uniform distribution of SiOx and carbon at the atomic scale, a middle void layer, and outer layers of SiOx and amorphous carbon. This unique gradient structure and composition from inside to outside not only enhances the electrical conductivity of the SiOx anode and reduces the side reactions, but also reserves void space for the expansion of SiOx, thereby effectively mitigating the stress caused by volumetric effect. As a result, YSG‐SiOx/C@C exhibits exceptional cycling stability and rate capability. Specifically, YSG‐SiOx/C@C maintains a specific capacity of 627 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, and remains stable even after 550 cycles at current density of 2 A g−1, achieving a specific capacity of 519 mAh g−1.
Hierarchical Co2P/CoS2@C@MoS2 Composites with Hollow Cavity and Multiple Phases Toward Wideband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: He Zizhuang , Xu Hanxiao , Shi Lingzi , Ren Xiangru , Kong Jie , Liu Panbo
Published: September 2023

The synergistic effect of hollow cavities and multiple hetero‐interfaces displays huge advantages in achieving lightweight and high‐efficient electromagnetic wave absorption, but still confronts huge challenges. Herein, hierarchical Co2P/CoS2@C@MoS2 composites via the self‐sacrificed strategy and a subsequent hydrothermal method have been successfully synthesized. Specifically, ZIF‐67 cores first act as the structural template to form core‐shell ZIF‐67@poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol) (ZIF‐67@PZS) composites, which are converted into hollow Co2P@C shells with micro‐mesoporous characteristics because of the gradient structural stabilities and preferred coordination ability. The deposition of hierarchical MoS2 results in phase transition (Co2P→Co2P/CoS2), yielding the formation of hierarchical Co2P/CoS2@C@MoS2 composites with hollow cavities and multiple hetero‐interfaces. Benefiting from the cooperative advantages of hollow structure, extra N,P,S‐doped sources, lattice defects/vacancies, diverse incoherent interfaces, and hierarchical configurations, the composites deliver superior electromagnetic wave capability (−56.6 dB) and wideband absorption bandwidth (8.96 GHz) with 20 wt.% filler loading. This study provides a reliable and facile strategy for the precise construction of superior electromagnetic wave absorbents with efficient absorption attenuation.
An ITO‐Free Kesterite Solar Cell
Authors: Ji Yixiong , Chen Wangxian , Yan Di , Bullock James , Xu Yang , Su Zhenghua , Yang Wentong , Laird Jamie Stuart , Zheng Tian , Wu Na , Zha Wusong , Luo Qun , Ma Chang‐Qi , Smith Trevor A. , Liu Fangyang , Mulvaney Paul
Published: September 2023

Photovoltaic thin film solar cells based on kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) have reached 13.8% sunlight‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency. However, this efficiency is still far from the Shockley‐Queisser radiative limit and is hindered by the significant deficit in open circuit voltage (VOC). The presence of high‐density interface states between the absorber layer and buffer or window layer leads to the recombination of photogenerated carriers, thereby reducing effective carrier collection. To tackle this issue, a new window structure ZnO/AgNW/ZnO/AgNW (ZAZA) comprising layers of ZnO and silver nanowires (AgNWs) is proposed. This structure offers a simple and low‐damage processing method, resulting in improved optoelectronic properties and junction quality. The ZAZA‐based devices exhibit enhanced VOC due to the higher built‐in voltage (Vbi) and reduced interface recombination compared to the usual indium tin oxide (ITO) based structures. Additionally, improved carrier collection is demonstrated as a result of the shortened collection paths and the more uniform carrier lifetime distribution. These advances enable the fabrication of the first ITO‐free CZTSSe solar cells with over 10% efficiency without an anti‐reflective coating.
Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of 347 Stainless Steel Alloy Prepared by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Yadegar Ali , Sharifitabar Mahmood , Shafiee Afarani Mahdi
Published: September 2023

Herein, 347 austenitic stainless steel parts are made by the wire arc additive manufacturing process. Then, the effects of solution heat treatment at 1150 °C for 3 h followed by NbC stabilizing heat treatment at 950 °C for 1 h on the properties of the alloy are investigated. Results show that after solidification, δ‐ferrite and NbC carbide particles are formed in the γ matrix while heat treatment eliminates the δ phase. Tensile test results show that for the as‐prepared alloy, yield strength varies between 336 and 352 MPa, tensile strength between 559 and 589 MPa, and elongation between 50% and 58%. However, heat treatment results in a 20–22% decrease in yield strength, a 5–10% decrease in tensile strength, and a 5% decline in elongation. The potentiodynamic (PD) polarization test results show that the ICORR and the corrosion rate of the WAAM 347 stainless steel in the as‐prepared condition are separately 4.9 and 5.6 times higher than the wrought alloy. After heat treatment, the ICORR increases from 5.84 × 10−6 A cm−2 in the as‐prepared alloy to 6.68 × 10−6 A cm−2 and the corrosion rate from 0.0678 to 0.0776 mm y−1. This means that the heat treatment deteriorates the corrosion resistance of the WAAM 347 stainless steel alloy by about 14%.
Motivate and Engage Our Youngest Writers
Authors: Friddle Karole‐Ann , Ivey Gay
Published: September 2023

Research suggests that when young children have many opportunities to write they start believing they are the sort of people who can write for intellectual, academic, and social purposes. They also learn foundational reading skills. Project‐like compositional writing involving design, strategies, and problem solving versus functional writing or shorter writing episodes, promises even more benefits. A question for teachers is how might we motivate young children toward complex projects when they are still learning basic literacy concepts. We take up this problem by focusing on the conditions under which young children might be motivated to write, specifically through the lenses of self‐determination theory and engagement. We suggest that making books, a complex compositional activity, linked to shared reading and study of multimodal picture books, combine for a vigorous social practice where children's motivational needs can be met. We offer practical recommendations for facilitating motivated, engaged writing in a classroom.
Ergebnisse aus Studie II: Funktionsweise kollektiver Medienrezeption
Authors: Schindler Johanna
Published: September 2023

Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse von Studie II dargestellt. In ihr sollte die Funktionsweise der kollektiven Verarbeitung von Medienbotschaften untersucht werden, wobei die Ergebnisse auf kollektive Informationsverarbeitung im Allgemeinen übertragbar sein dürften. Dafür wurde erstmals der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelte (siehe 4.2) und in Studie I validierte (siehe Kapitel 5) standardisierte Gruppenfragebogen eingesetzt und eine standardisierte Befragung von n = 182 natürlichen Kleingruppen durchgeführt (siehe 4.4 zu Rekrutierung, Datenbereinigung, Stichprobe und dem allgemeinen Vorgehen bei der Auswertung). Zunächst werden FF3–5 zu den Eigenschaften kollektiver Medienrezeption beantwortet, da ihre Ergebnisse die Grundlage für weitere Analysen bilden (siehe 6.1). Als Nächstes wird auf FF6–7 zu den Einflussfaktoren auf kollektive Medienrezeption eingegangen (siehe 6.2). Danach werden FF8–9 zu ihren Auswirkungen auf Gruppenebene (siehe 6.3) und FF10–12 zu ihren Auswirkungen auf Individualebene (siehe 6.4) beantwortet. Schließlich werden die Ergebnisse zusammengefasst und diskutiert (siehe 6.5). Aufgrund des großen Umfangs der Ergebnisse werden kleinere Befunde schon bei der Ergebnisdarstellung besprochen. Die abschließende Diskussion konzentriert sich dann auf die zentralen und übergreifenden Ergebnisse.
Einleitung
Authors: Huget Judith
Published: September 2023

In der einleitenden Passage wird das zentrale Thema mittels eines Zitats von Freudenthal, welches die Bedeutung von vernetztem Wissen hervorhebt, motiviert. Darauffolgend erfolgt eine Einführung in die essenziellen Begrifflichkeiten, darunter die Systematisierung, stoffdidaktische Methoden, das Professionswissen von Lehrkräften sowie die Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. Des Weiteren wird die bestehende Forschungslücke detailliert erörtert und die primären Zielsetzungen dieser Arbeit präsentiert. Abschließend wird ein strukturierter Überblick über den konzeptionellen Aufbau des vorliegenden Werkes gegeben.
The connection between nonzero density and spontaneous symmetry breaking for interacting scalars
Authors: Nicolis Alberto , Podo Alessandro , Santoni Luca
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We consider U(1)-symmetric scalar quantum field theories at zero temperature. At nonzero charge densities, the ground state of these systems is usually assumed to be a superfluid phase, in which the global symmetry is spontaneously broken along with Lorentz boosts and time translations. We show that, in d > 2 spacetime dimensions, this expectation is always realized at one loop for arbitrary non-derivative interactions, confirming that the physically distinct phenomena of nonzero charge density and spontaneous symmetry breaking occur simultaneously in these systems. We quantify this result by deriving universal scaling relations for the symmetry breaking scale as a function of the charge density, at low and high density. Moreover, we show that the critical value of μ above which a nonzero density develops coincides with the pole mass in the unbroken, Poincaré invariant vacuum of the theory. The same conclusions hold non-perturbatively for an O(N) theory with quartic interactions in d = 3 and 4, at leading order in the 1/N expansion. We derive these results by computing analytically the zero-temperature, finite-μ one-loop effective potential, paying special attention to subtle points related to the iε terms. We check our results against the one-loop low-energy effective action for the superfluid phonons in λϕ4 theory in d = 4 previously derived by Joyce and ourselves, which we further generalize to arbitrary potential interactions and arbitrary dimensions. As a byproduct, we find analytically the one-loop scaling dimension of the lightest charge-n operator for the λϕ6 conformal superfluid in d = 3, at leading order in 1/n, reproducing a numerical result of Badel et al. For a λϕ4 superfluid in d = 4, we also reproduce the Lee-Huang-Yang relation and compute relativistic corrections to it. Finally, we discuss possible extensions of our results beyond perturbation theory.
Contribution of intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statin therapy
Authors: Taskinen Marja-Riitta , Matikainen Niina , Björnson Elias , Söderlund Sanni , Inkeri Jussi , Hakkarainen Antti , Parviainen Helka , Sihlbom Carina , Thorsell Annika , Andersson Linda , Adiels Martin , Packard Chris J. , Borén Jan
Published: September 2023

Aims/hypothesis

This study explored the hypothesis that significant abnormalities in the metabolism of intestinally derived lipoproteins are present in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statin therapy. These abnormalities may contribute to residual CVD risk.

Methods

To investigate the kinetics of ApoB-48- and ApoB-100-containing lipoproteins, we performed a secondary analysis of 11 overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes who were treated with lifestyle counselling and on a stable dose of metformin who were from an earlier clinical study, and compared these with 11 control participants frequency-matched for age, BMI and sex. Participants in both groups were on a similar statin regimen during the study. Stable isotope tracers were used to determine the kinetics of the following in response to a standard fat-rich meal: (1) apolipoprotein (Apo)B-48 in chylomicrons and VLDL; (2) ApoB-100 in VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and LDL; and (3) triglyceride (TG) in VLDL.

Results

The fasting lipid profile did not differ significantly between the two groups. Compared with control participants, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, chylomicron TG and ApoB-48 levels exhibited an approximately twofold higher response to the fat-rich meal, and a twofold higher increment was observed in ApoB-48 particles in the VLDL1 and VLDL2 density ranges (all p < 0.05). Again comparing control participants with individuals with type 2 diabetes, in the latter, total ApoB-48 production was 25% higher (556 ± 57 vs 446 ± 57 mg/day; p < 0.001), conversion (fractional transfer rate) of chylomicrons to VLDL was around 40% lower (35 ± 25 vs 82 ± 58 pools/day; p=0.034) and direct clearance of chylomicrons was 5.6-fold higher (5.6 ± 2.2 vs 1.0 ± 1.8 pools/day; p < 0.001). During the postprandial period, ApoB-48 particles accounted for a higher proportion of total VLDL in individuals with type 2 diabetes (44%) compared with control participants (25%), and these ApoB-48 VLDL particles exhibited a fivefold longer residence time in the circulation (p < 0.01). No between-group differences were seen in the kinetics of ApoB-100 and TG in VLDL, or in LDL ApoB-100 production, pool size and clearance rate. As compared with control participants, the IDL ApoB-100 pool in individuals with type 2 diabetes was higher due to increased conversion from VLDL2.

Conclusions/interpretation

Abnormalities in the metabolism of intestinally derived ApoB-48-containing lipoproteins in individuals with type 2 diabetes on statins may help to explain the residual risk of CVD and may be suitable targets for interventions.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02948777.

Graphical Abstract
Analysing Industry 4.0 technology-solution dependencies: a support framework for successful Industry 4.0 adoption in the product generation process
Authors: Guertler Matthias R. , Schneider David , Heitfeld Justus , Sick Nathalie
Published: September 2023

Industry 4.0 (i4.0) is central to advanced manufacturing. Building on novel digital technologies, it enables smart and flexible manufacturing with systems connected across company boundaries and product lifecycle phases. Despite its benefits, the adoption of i4.0 has been limited, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises. A key challenge is the technological complexity of i4.0. While advanced functionality requires technological complexity, it complicates an understanding of which enabling technologies are particularly useful and required. This article presents a framework to support successful i4.0 adoption across the entire product generation process through a systematic matrix-based dependency analysis of i4.0 solutions and underlying i4.0 technologies. Through increasing transparency around technological complexity of i4.0 solutions, this research contributes to a better understanding of which technologies are required for specific i4.0 solutions and which technologies could be strategic enablers for a broad variety of i4.0 applications. Knowing these technological dependencies supports both, the systematic adoption of existing i4.0 solutions and the development of new i4.0 solutions. This also sets the basis for a future socio-technical investigation.
Neglect dyslexia: whole-word and within-word errors with parafoveal and foveal viewing
Authors: Rich Timothy J. , Palmer John
Published: September 2023

Patients with left-sided neglect dyslexia often omit whole words positioned on the left, termed whole-word errors, or commit errors on the left-sided letters of words, termed unilateral paralexias. In addition, the errors have been shown to be exacerbated by simultaneously presented distractors, which has been interpreted as a failure of selective attention. In two experiments, we examined the dependency of these error types on parafoveal versus foveal viewing. The first experiment used a paradigm with parafoveal targets and distractors; the second a paradigm with foveal targets and parafoveal distractors. This enabled a separate evaluation of the influences of stimulus position within an egocentric frame, a two-word allocentric frame, and a within-word allocentric frame. First, regarding whole-word errors, we found the expected spatial and distractor effects with parafoveal targets and distractors. With foveal targets and parafoveal distractors, however, the spatial effect was effectively eliminated. Surprisingly, intrusions from the distractor word were common in distractor conditions. This is consistent with an egocentric account and not a two-word allocentric account. Second, we found that unilateral paralexias remained largely consistent regardless of spatial position or the presence of a distractor. Thus, there is a contrast in spatial and distractor effects between whole-word errors and unilateral paralexias. These results are consistent with three distinct deficits: an egocentric deficit across space resulting in whole-word errors, a failure of selective attention that results in whole-word intrusion errors, and a within-word allocentric deficit resulting in unilateral paralexias.
Character levels and character bounds for finite classical groups
Authors: Guralnick Robert M. , Larsen Michael , Tiep Pham Huu
Published: September 2023

The main results of the paper develop a level theory and establish strong character bounds for finite classical groups, in the case that the centralizer of the element has small order compared to $|G|$
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G
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in a logarithmic sense.
Use of ionizing radiation in a Norwegian cohort of children with congenital heart disease: imaging frequency and radiation dose for the Health Effects of Cardiac Fluoroscopy and Modern Radiotherapy in Pediatrics (HARMONIC) study
Authors: Afroz Susmita , Østerås Bjørn H. , Thevathas Utheya S. , Dohlen Gaute , Stokke Caroline , Robsahm Trude E. , Olerud Hilde M.
Published: September 2023

Background

The European-funded Health Effects of Cardiac Fluoroscopy and Modern Radiotherapy in Pediatrics (HARMONIC) project is a multicenter cohort study assessing the long-term effects of ionizing radiation in patients with congenital heart disease. Knowledge is lacking regarding the use of ionizing radiation from sources other than cardiac catheterization in this cohort.

Objective

This study aims to assess imaging frequency and radiation dose (excluding cardiac catheterization) to patients from a single center participating in the Norwegian HARMONIC project.

Materials and methods

Between 2000 and 2020, we recruited 3,609 patients treated for congenital heart disease (age < 18 years), with 33,768 examinations categorized by modality and body region. Data were retrieved from the radiology information system. Effective doses were estimated using International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 60 conversion factors, and the analysis was stratified into six age categories: newborn; 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, and late adolescence.

Results

The examination distribution was as follows: 91.0% conventional radiography, 4.0% computed tomography (CT), 3.6% diagnostic fluoroscopy, 1.2% nuclear medicine, and 0.3% noncardiac intervention. In the newborn to 15 years age categories, 4–12% had ≥ ten conventional radiography studies, 1–8% underwent CT, and 0.3–2.5% received nuclear medicine examinations. The median effective dose ranged from 0.008–0.02 mSv and from 0.76–3.47 mSv for thoracic conventional radiography and thoracic CT, respectively. The total effective dose burden from thoracic conventional radiography ranged between 28–65% of the dose burden from thoracic CT in various age categories (40% for all ages combined). The median effective dose for nuclear medicine lung perfusion was 0.6–0.86 mSv and for gastrointestinal fluoroscopy 0.17–0.27 mSv. Because of their low frequency, these procedures contributed less to the total effective dose than thoracic radiography.

Conclusion

This study shows that CT made the largest contribution to the radiation dose from imaging (excluding cardiac intervention). However, although the dose per conventional radiograph was low, the large number of examinations resulted in a substantial total effective dose. Therefore, it is important to consider the frequency of conventional radiography while calculating cumulative dose for individuals. The findings of this study will help the HARMONIC project to improve risk assessment by minimizing the uncertainty associated with cumulative dose calculations.

Graphical Abstract
Sentinel lymph node detection in thyroid carcinoma using [68Ga]Ga-tilmanocept PET/CT: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: de Vries Lisa H. , Lodewijk Lutske , Ververs Tessa , Poot Alex J. , van Rooij Rob , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. , de Krijger Ronald R. , Rinkes Inne H. M. Borel , Vriens Menno R. , de Keizer Bart
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is rarely used for thyroid carcinoma staging. This is due to challenges associated with conventional Tc-99m-labeled tracers, often producing a large hotspot at the injection site, potentially hiding nearby SLNs (shine-through effect). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of SLN visualization using the new PET tracer [68Ga]Ga-tilmanocept.

Methods

Patients with thyroid carcinoma underwent ultrasound-guided peritumoral injection of [68Ga]Ga-tilmanocept and ICG-[99mTc]Tc-nanocolloid. [68Ga]Ga-tilmanocept PET/CT scans were conducted at 15 min and 60 min post-injection to visualize the SLNs. SLN biopsy was performed using ICG-[99mTc]TC-nanocolloid for intraoperative identification. The corresponding lymph node level was resected for reference.

Results

Seven differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and 3 medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients were included, of which 6 were clinically node-negative. The median number of SLNs detected on [68Ga]Ga-tilmanocept PET/CT and resected was 3 (range 1–4) and 3 (range 1–5), respectively. Eight SLNs were found on PET/CT in the central compartment and 19 in the lateral compartment. The SLN procedure detected (micro)metastases in all patients except one. Seventeen of 27 pathologically assessed SLNs were positive, 8 negative, and 2 did not contain lymph node tissue, which led to upstaging in 5 out of 6 clinically node-negative patients.

Conclusions

[68Ga]Ga-tilmanocept PET/CT identified SLNs in all patients, mainly in the lateral neck. The SLNs were successfully surgically detected and resected using ICG-[99mTc]Tc-nanocolloid. This technique has the potential to improve neck staging, enabling more personalized treatment of thyroid cancer according to the lymph node status.

Trial registration

2021–002470-42 (EudraCT).
Inclusive Environmental Decision-making in a Developing Nation: Insights from the Ogoni Remediation Project, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Sam Kabari , Zibima Tubodenyefa
Published: September 2023

Greater involvement of women is globally believed to enhance environmental management outcomes. Despite being disproportionately affected by environmental degradation primarily caused by oil spills in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, women in the region are often excluded in environmental decision-making processes. Women involved in farming and fishing face increased vulnerability to contaminated land, food insecurity and conflicts driven by environmental degradation. Using a mixed approach, women, lawmakers, policymakers, regulators, civil society organizations, environmental management practitioners, and government agents responsible for environmental remediation were engaged through interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires to examine women’s inclusion in environmental decision-making and governance in the Ogoni contaminated land remediation project in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The results indicate that lack of trust and confidence in drivers of the environmental decision-making process could affect women’s participation and involvement in environmental management. Although cultural beliefs and practices impede the participation of women in the region, their actual participation does not independently translate into inclusion in environmental decision-making due to limited capacity, confidence and trust in the process. Creating platforms for capacity building, developing gender policy, adapting appropriate communication strategies, initiating women networks and strengthening social cohesion could enhance women involvement in environmental decision-making in regions with similar cultural context to the Niger Delta region.