bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purification of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Enzyme from Chicken Liver and Immobilization Onto Florisil
Authors: Ersoz Havva , Gulesci Nuri , Bilgin Ramazan
Published: August 2022

The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is a dimeric enzyme in which each of its subunits has a Zn2+ metal-containing catalytic domain and a cofactor binding domain. This enzyme converts alcohol into an aldehyde. In this article, the activity of the enzyme was investigated by applying the immobilization process directly to the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme purified and activated florisil from the chicken liver. For this purpose, homogenization of chicken liver was achieved and its supernatants were separated by applying the ultracentrifugation process to the resulting homogenate. Then, % ammonium precipitation, dialysis, and ion exchange chromatography processes were performed, respectively. As a result of these processes, the hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase was purified 150.3 times compared to the coarse homogenate, and the specific activity of the enzyme was determined to be 0.631 U/mg protein. The activity of the enzyme directly immobilized was found to be 0.034 U/mg protein.
Anti-stress and Nootropic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Coriandrum sativum Aerial Parts
Authors: Reddy V N. V. L. Suvarchala , Raju M. Ganga , Pratyusha B. , Niharika M.
Published: August 2022

The swimming endurance test, anoxic tolerance test, and basal activity by actophotometer were used to assess the antistress activity of a seven-day therapy (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) of the ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum (EECS) aerial parts. A method for measuring the in vitro antioxidant activity of hydroxyl radicals was used. In all of the examined models, Coriandrum sativum at both doses demonstrated antistress effects. In the anoxic tolerance test, swimming endurance test, and duration of stay on the rotarod, the EECS treated rats demonstrated enhanced swimming time, duration, and anoxic tolerance time, respectively. The C. sativum's potential to scavenge free radicals, which enhanced the cognitive effect, was utilized to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity. The results demonstrated clearly that the extract's in vivo adaptogenic performance and cognitive improvement were caused by its in vitro antioxidant activity. The EECS treated animals showed increase locomotor scores in basal activity by Actophotometer. The plant secondary metabolites flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids, and phenolic components may be accountable for the animals' improved swimming endurance, stress tolerance, and overall performance. This study gave evidence that the ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum has antioxidant, anti-stress, and nootropic activity, and that utilizing them by humans as nutraceuticals is beneficial and scientific. By stress reduction in animals, the antioxidant effect provides the pharmacological basis for supporting a healthy memory.
Characteristics of Medicinal Plants used in Traditional Medicine for Oral Diseases Treatment in Southern Benin
Authors: Abdoulaye Adam , P. Noumavo Agossou , M. Glodjinon Nicéphore , Adjanohoun Adolphe , Baba-Moussa Lamine , Baba-Moussa Farid
Published: August 2022

Background of the Study: In the oral health field, dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most frequent pathologies that affect all population to different degrees. In Benin, oral diseases constitute a serious public health problem. Care, whether curative or preventive, requires an investment that many cannot afford in developing countries like Benin. Because of oral diseases extent, appropriate solutions must be found to improve oral health in Benin. Place and Duration of Study:  Data were collected through ethnobotanical surveys in the districts of Allada, Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou and Porto-Novo from May to August 2021.

Aim: This study aims to identify the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat oral diseases.

Methodology: Prior to the ethnobotanical study itself, we proceeded to locate the markets where medicinal plants are sold in the study area. Then, in order to ensure a high objectivity degree of the data obtained during our study, the survey is carried out used a preestabilished questionnaires. The questionnaire focused on the following main points: (1) Profile of the respondent (surname, first name, age, gender, education level and experience in the field), (2) informations on the recipe (oral uses, vernacular and scientific names, parts used, preparation method, route and mode of administration, contraindications and side effects). The medicinal plants vendors were selected based their availability displays size and frequency level of displays.

Results: One hundred and three (103) medicinal plants species were identified, divided into forty-four (44) families and ninety-one (91) genera. The most used plants are Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (11.72%), Ocimum americanum (4.88%), Ocimum gratissimum (4.39%), Lantana camara (2.93%), Bridelia ferruginea (2.93%), Moringa oleifera (2.44%), Lippia multiflora (2.44%), Mangifera indica (2.44%), Dialium guineense (2.44%), Pseudocedrela kotschyi (1.95%), Justicia flava (1.95%), Uvaria chamae (1.95%) and Xylopia aethiopica (1.95%). The most commonly plant parts used were leaves and roots. The decoction of these parts in mouthwash or gargle is most used for oral diseases treatment.

Conclusion: The flora of Benin contains a rich diversity of plants. Many of which are used in traditional Beninese medicine and have the potential to provide pharmacologically active natural products. In order to know the different plants used to treat oral diseases, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in southern Benin (district of Allada, Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou and Porto-novo).
Integrated Effect of Bio-Fertilizers, Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Flowering and Quality Attributes of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. Nova Lux
Authors: Motla Rishubh , Malik Sunil , Gangwar Vishal , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Avdhesh , Pratap Alok , Shukla Utkarsh
Published: August 2022

The study “Influence of bio-fertilizers on vegetative growth, flower quality and bulb yield of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”, field experiments conducted during 2020-21. Bulbous gladiolus is a very well-liked plant. Pliny the Elder (2379 AD) first used the term "gladiolus" to refer to the blade's sword-like form (Latin word gladiolus means sword). Gladiolus is a delicate perennial herbaceous plant that may be cultivated from seeds or bulbs. The roots of several older leaves that were developed during the previous growing season are covered with 4-6 dry scales or sheaths that cover the bulb. In addition to fixing nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients from organic fertilisers and soil reserves, bio-fertilizers also help plants tolerate drought, boost plant health, and tolerate salt better [1] (Arora, 2013). A randomised block design with three replications was used to apply 14 different treatments, including the application of chemical fertilisers (Urea, SSP, and MOP), micronutrients (Zn and Fe), organic sources (FYM and Vermicompost), and bio-fertilizers (Azospirillum, Azotobacter, and PSB). Based upon the results recorded in the investigation it could be concluded that the treatment T10 (75% RDF + 25% Vermicompost + Azospirillum + PSB + Azotobacter), was found best treatment with reference to vegetative, nutritional, and productive parameters in gladiolus cv. Nova lux as compared to control and other treatments.
Prevalence and Distribution of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Enzymes Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Sources
Authors: Hameed Amna Yarub , Essa Muhsin Ayoub
Published: August 2022

The goal of this study was to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from clinical and environmental sources. This study also looked at the prevalence and distribution of different virulence enzymes among its isolates. For this objective, 65 samples were collected and dispersed among 50 distinct clinical samples and 15 environmental (soil, water, and air) samples. The results revealed that 20 bacterial isolates were S. aureus. The isolation rate was 30.76% from all samples, with 13 isolates 20% from a clinical source and 7 isolates 10.76% from an environmental source. The phenotypic detection of virulence enzymes revealed that all isolates, including environmental isolates, produced virulence enzymes (between two and six enzymes), indicating the clinical importance. The isolates produced virulence enzymes at different rates. The results revealed a clear rise in the rate of production of the enzymes: lecithinase and lipase producing at a rate of 95%, protease at 90%, urease at 80%, hemolysin at 60%, and beta-lactamase at 55%.
Definition of pelvic venous disease and the new SVP classification
Authors: Hirsch Tobias , Dogancı Suat
Published: August 2022

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is often diagnosed by gynecologists. In recent years, the realization that venous insufficiency in the pelvic or retroperitoneal area can also cause CPP has led to the involvement of vascular physicians in the diagnosis and treatment. Differentiating pelvic venous disease (PeVD) from gynecological, internal or even orthopedic complaints poses a challenge. A comprehensive study of the patient"s medical history and a detailed description of symptoms are of paramount importance. The symptoms of PeVD depend on the veins involved. Whereas pelvic pain is mainly an expression of an insufficiency of the ovarian vein and/or the internal iliac vein, left flank pain and hematuria are caused by an obstruction of the renal vein. Symptoms may also be associated with atypical varicose veins in the vulva, perineum, or legs. Anatomical gaps, pelvic escape points, allow them to communicate with the branches of the insufficient internal iliac veins and with the ovarian. As an effective tool for reporting PeVD patient populations the symptoms-varicespathophysiology (SVP) classification was published in 2021. It is thought to be the initial point of both the treatment standard and identifying homogenous patient populations for clinical trials.
The diagnostic role of IVUS in pelvic venous disease
Authors: Jalaie Houman , Barbati Mohammad E. , Wikkeling Marald , Doğancı Suat
Published: August 2022

The two main mechanisms for pelvic venous disease (PeVD) are reflux of ovarian vein and obstruction of left common iliac or left renal vein. Some patients have a combination of the two. Adequate assessment of the location and degree of stenosis and delineation of venous anatomy are the key elements in the success of interventions to treat chronic obstructions causing PeVD. While venography is more accessible and less expensive to perform than intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that IVUS is significantly more sensitive than venography in identifying stenotic lesions and real-time anatomical alterations of the affected venous segments. In this paper, we discuss the derived information and the clinical applications of IVUS during such interventions. The definitive diagnosis of PeVD can be achieved with venography combined with IVUS to evaluate for obstructive lesions in the iliac veins and compression of the left renal vein. Venography has poor sensitivity and specificity in the detection of venous stenosis. However, IVUS can detect fine intraluminal trabeculae and outside compression that can be missed with standard multiplanar venography. The IVUS can confidently confirm the persistent venous stenosis regardless of the hemodynamical alterations of venous pressure, as well. Moreover, it is possible to precisely measure the diameter of ovarian vein with IVUS. This may be helpful to decide about the diameter of the coils or the plugs needed to avoid migration. In conclusion, IVUS enables us to accurately evaluate the underlying cause of PeVD and apply a patient"s tailored treatment on table.
Conservative treatment of pelvic venous disease
Authors: Jaworucka-Kaczorowska Aleksandra
Published: August 2022

Pelvic venous incompetence (PVI), although usually asymptomatic, may cause pelvic venous disease (PeVD), which may clinically manifest through pelvic symptoms, particularly chronic pelvic pain (CPP). There is no standard approach to manage PeVD and, therefore, the treatment should be individualized based on symptoms and the patient"s needs. To date, many treatment methods have been proposed, including conservative treatment, pelvic vein embolization, and reparative surgery. Medical treatment of CPP due to PVI includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), medical suppression of ovarian function, venoprotective agents, vasoconstrictor drugs, and psychotropic agents. The NSAIDs have a short-term efficacy and, due to side effects after longer use, they should be avoided as a long-term solution. Pharmacological suppression of ovarian function may result in CPP relief and may be achieved using medroxyprogesterone acetate, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, long-acting reversible contraceptives, and danazol. They have been proven to be effective in the treatment of pelvic symptoms of PeVD. Venoactive drugs (VADs), particularly micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) and psychotropic agents, also provide an improvement in CPP related to PVI. A conservative approach represents the first-line treatment modality. It is reasonable to offer such treatment initially, reserving more invasive approaches for resistant cases and patients who present with side effects to the conservative management.
Complications and side effects after pelvic vein embolization
Authors: Lazarashvili Zaza , Hirsch Tobias
Published: August 2022

Pelvic venous disease (PeVD) are one of the most important causes of chronic pelvic pain in women resulting from the pathological venous flow in ovarian and pelvic veins. Pelvic vein embolization is the method of choice for treatment of PeVD caused by primary reflux in ovarian and internal iliac veins. In this review, we discuss possible complications and side effects after embolization therapy.
Addition of a clinical pharmacist practitioner to an inpatient addiction triage team and related medication outcomes
Authors: Ehrhard Kim , Colvard Michelle , Brabson Jennifer
Published: August 2022

Introduction

At a Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), a clinical pharmacist practitioner (CPP) was added to an inpatient addiction triage team in August 2019 to provide education and recommendations regarding medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) and opioid use disorder (MOUD). Before the addition of the CPP, missed opportunities for MAUD and MOUD education and prescribing prior to discharge on non-psychiatric units were observed.

Methods

This was a single-center, single-site, retrospective, observational cohort study with a primary objective to compare initiation rates of MAUD/MOUD 12 months before and after the addition of the CPP to the addiction triage team. Secondary end points included 90-day medication possession ratio, 1- and 3-month emergency department visit rates, 1- and 3-month hospital readmission rates, and opioid education and naloxone distribution interventions for eligible patients with a diagnosis of opioid use disorder.

Results

Both statistically and clinically significant improvements in MAUD/MOUD initiation rates were found in the CPP intervention group compared with the historical control group (26.3% vs 4%, P < .0001). Although secondary end points within this review were not found to be statistically significant, improvements were seen in the CPP intervention group compared with the historical control group related to medication possession ratio, and emergency department and hospital readmission rates.

Discussion

This study highlights the potential utility of a CPP to an inpatient addiction triage team to improve MAUD/MOUD prescribing rates in appropriate patients prior to discharge. Overall, the introduction of a CPP to an inpatient addiction triage team was feasible, well received by interprofessional team members, and required limited additional resources.
Opioid antagonists to prevent olanzapine-induced weight gain: A systematic review
Authors: Laguado S. Andrea , Saklad Stephen R.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Olanzapine (OLZ) is a second generation antipsychotic that is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder type 1 as monotherapy (acute manic or mixed episodes, maintenance), or as an add-on to lithium or valproate (manic or mixed episodes). It is one of the most effective antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia, but concerns remain due to its significant metabolic adverse effects. Notably, OLZ has one of the highest rates of weight gain among all antipsychotic drugs. Previous studies report on potential mitigation of weight gain with opioid antagonists. A systematic review was conducted to summarize the impact of these agents on weight and BMI when used as adjuncts to OLZ.

Methods

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted with 3 searches between March 2, 2021 and March 27, 2022.

Results

Six studies met inclusion criteria, 5 of which assessed OLZ and samidorphan (SAM) and 1 of which assessed OLZ and naltrexone compared with OLZ monotherapy. A total of 1752 patients were included with 952 receiving SAM and 14 receiving naltrexone as an adjunct to OLZ. SAM was shown to mitigate OLZ-induced weight gain by 1.0 kg. Only 1 study assessed naltrexone with no statistically significant results for weight gain.

Discussion

SAM is effective at reducing OLZ-induced weight gain. Naltrexone did not reduce OLZ-induced increases in weight or BMI. However, there is a paucity of data on other opioid antagonists as adjuncts to OLZ treatment to prevent increases in weight or BMI.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF LUNAR CYCLE ON LIQUID 45 (LQ45) STOCKS ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE (IDX) FOR THE PERIOD 2005-2020
Authors: Pramono Fendi , Basana Sautma Ronni
Published: August 2022

This study examines the impact of the moon phase in influencing investors' decisions to invest in the stock market. As an investor, market timing is needed to maximize the return on your investment. Fundamental and technical analysis cannot predict when investors can buy or sell shares to maximize profits. The research was conducted on stocks that never left the Liquid 45 from 2005 to 2020.
ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC MONEY USAGE BEHAVIOR ON THE MILENNIAL GENERATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Prakoso Leonardus
Published: August 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic that began in 2019 forced people to be able to carry out all aspects of life without interacting directly, including in saving and transacting activities. Under these conditions, electronic money is present as the main tool to accommodate people's needs. This study tries to identify the factors that influence the behavior of millennials in Indonesia regarding the use of electronic money. The model used in the study adopted the UTAUT and E-SQ models. The results of the study show that the millennial generation's intention to use electronic money in Indonesia is significantly influenced by application reliability, customer service, and electronic money application design.
Indonesian Carbon Tax: How Newborn Learn to Jump into The Next Step?
Authors: Wardana Arief Budi , Indriastuti Mila , Safitra Dhain Adhetiya
Published: August 2022

As one of the largest emitting countries globally, Indonesia is a newcomer to carbon tax implementation. However, the carbon tax literature in Indonesian context is still minimal. This study aims to examine the implementation of carbon taxes in various countries, review the roadmap for implementing carbon taxes in Indonesia, and examine various mechanisms in other countries that have previously implemented carbon taxes by conducting literature review. The study results show that several countries have applied a broader carbon tax to several sectors and relatively higher tariffs than Indonesia. The long journey of the carbon tax before finally being scheduled on April 1, 2022, still needs to be improved in term of object, subject, reporting mechanism, and carbon tax rate. The author proposes the transportation sector as a complement to the coal power plant to change consumer behaviour towards products that produce carbon emissions.
TRABALHADORES FLEXIBILIZADOS E PRECÁRIOS E AÇÃO SINDICAL NA ITÁLIA
Authors: Buonfiglio Maria Carmela
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as diferentes posturas da ação sindical, na Itália, frente à precarização e à flexibilização do trabalho, focalizando particularmente a ação da RdB/CUB – Representação Sindical de Base/Confederação Unitária de Base, a maior representante do sindicalismo de base, e da CGIL - Confederação Geral Italiana do Trabalho - a grande central italiana. A atuação da CGIL em favor dos direitos dos flexibilizados, através do NIdiL - Novas Identidades Laborais – aponta para uma estratégia de ganhos lentos e progressivos. Já o sindicalismo de base mostra uma atuação mais efetiva, decorrente de sua clara postura contra a flexibilização Destaca ainda a atuação de um núcleo da RdB voltado à defesa dos direitos dos trabalhadores em cooperativas, com o intuito de contribuir para a discussão dessa questão no Brasil. Palavras-chave:sindicalismo italiano, trabalho flexível, trabalho atípico, trabalho precário. Flexibilized, precarious workers and union action in Italy The objective of this paper is to make an analysis of the different union approaches, in Italy, in the face of the flexibilization and precarization of work, focusing on the action of RdB/CUB – Basic Union Representation /Unitary Basic Confederation, the biggest representative of basic unionism, and of CGIL – General Italian Work Confederation – the big Italian union. The actions of CGIL in favor of the rights of flexibilized workers, through NIdiL – New Work Identities – points to an strategyof slow and progressive gains. Yet, basic unionism shows more effective actions, resulting from its open approach against flexibilization.This paper also points out the actions of an RdB nucleus vowed to the defense of workers’ rights in cooperatives, aiming to add to the discussion of this question in Brazil. Key words: Italian unionism, flexible work, atypical work, precarious work. TAVAILLEURS FLEXIBILISÉS ET PRÉ-CAIRES ET ACTION SYNDICALE EN ITALIE     L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser les différentes postures de l’action syndicale en Italie, face à la précarité et à la flexibilité du travail. L’accent est mis tout particulièrement sur l’action de la RdB/CUB – Représentation Syndicale de Base/Confédération Unitaire de Base, le plus grand représentant du syndicalisme de base, et la CGIL – Confédération Générale Italienne du Travail – la grande centrale italienne. L’action de la CGIL en faveur des droits des flexibilisés par le biais des NIdiL – Nouvelles Identités Travailleuses – met en évidence une stratégie de conquêtes lentes et progressives. Le syndicalisme de base démontre, quant à lui, une action plus effective qui résulte de sa posture très clairement affirmée contre la flexibilité. En vue de contribuer à la discussion de cette question au Brésil, on fera encore remarquer l’action d’un noyau de la RdB qui s’occupe plus spécialement des droits des travailleurs associés en coopératives. Mots-clés: syndicalisme italien, travail flexible, travail atypique, travail précaire. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
POLARIZAÇÃO E SEGREGAÇÃO SOCIOESPACIAL EM UMA METRÓPOLE PERIFÉRICA
Authors: Moreira Inaiá Maria , Souza Angela Gordilho , Pereira Gilberto Corso
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho discute a polarização e a segregação sócio-espacial em uma área periférica, a da Região Metropolitana de Salvador. Reconstituindo a trajetória de Salvador e a conformação da sua Região Metropolitana, ele evidencia como a mesma foi marcada pela intervenção do Estado, pelas desigualdades, pela pobreza e por uma concentração de expressiva parcela da população em distantes e precárias periferias. Analisa a estrutura sócio-ocupacional e a segmentação social resultantes e mostra como o ajuste e a reestruturação produtiva contribuíram, nos últimos anos, para acentuar os problemas ocupacionais e sociais da área, consolidando e aprofundando, também, os processos de segregação. Palavras chaves:Metrópoles, estrutura social, segregação socioespacial, Salvador. Polarization and socio-spatial segregation in a peripheric metropolis     This paper discusses the socio-spatial polarization and segregation in a peripheric area, the Metropolitan Region in Salvador. By telling the trajectory of Salvador and the conformation of its Metropolitan Region, it shows how the latter was marked by interference from the State, inequalities, poverty and by a concentration of an expressive part of the people in distant and poor peripheries. It makes an analysis of the resulting socio-occupational structure and the social segmentation and shows how the productive adjustment and reestructuring have added, in the last few years, to sharpen the area’s occupational and social problems, also enhancing and strenghtening the segregation process. Key words: Metropoles, social structure, socio-spatial segregation, Salvador. POLARISATION ET SÉGRÉGATION SOCIO-SPATIALE DANS UNE MÉTROPOLE PÉRIPHÉRIQUE     Ce travail parle de la polarisation et de la ségrégation socio-spatiale dans une région périphérique, celle de la région métropolitaine de Salvador. Il reconstitue la trajectoire de Salvador et la conformation de sa région métopolitaine, il montre comment celle-ci a été profondément marquée par l’intervention de l’Etat, par les inégalités, par la pauvreté et par la concentration d’une partie importante de la population dans des banlieues éloignées et précaires. La structure socio-occupationnelle et la segmentation sociale qui en résultent y sont analysées ; il y est démontré combien l’ajustement et la restructuration productive ont contribué, au cours des dernières années, à accenturer les problèmes occupationnels et sociaux de cette région, à consolider et à approfondir également les processus de ségrégation. Mots-clés: Métropoles, structure sociale, ségrégation socio-spatiale, Salvador. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
POR UMA SOCIOLOGIA DA FORÇA PÚBLICA: considerações sobre a força policial e militar
Authors: Brodeur Jean-Paul
Published: August 2022

O texto compara o uso da força pela polícia e pelas forças armadas, levando em conta cinco dimensões fundamentais: poder de fogo, contexto de intervenção, ethos, regulamentação e prestação de contas. O artigo propõe uma tipologia das organizações policiais e militares, que inclui dois tipos puros e dois tipos híbridos: por um lado, a polícia e as forças armadas (tipos puros) e, por outro, a polícia militar (ou militarizada) e as missões internacionais de paz das Nações Unidas (tipos híbridos). PALAVRAS CHAVE: polícia, forças armadas, força, ethos, prestação de contas. TOWARDS A SOCIOLOGY OF PUBLIC FORCE: observations on the use of police force      The use of force by the police and the military is contrasted on five dimensions: firepower, context of intervention, ethos, regulation and accountability. The paper offers also a tentative two by two typology of police and military organizations, that allows for hybrid types: the four types are: the police (single variant), the army (single variant), the military police (hybrid variant: a militarized police organization) and the peacekeeping forces of the United Nations (hybrid variant: a military organization with a policing mandate). KEY WORDS: police, military, force, ethos, accountability. A PROPOS D’UNE SOCIOLOGIE DES FORCES PUBLIQUES: observations de l’utilisation des forces de police     Prenant en considération cinq éléments considérés fondamentaux, ce texte fait la comparaison entre la police et les forces armées: pouvoir des armes, contexte d’intervention, ethos, réglementation et prestation de comptes. L’article propose une typologie des organisations policières et militaires qui inclue deux types purs et deux types hybrides, d’une part la police et les forces armées (types purs) et d’autre part la police militaire (ou militarisée) et les missions internationales de paix des Nations-Unies (types hybrides). MOTS-CLÉS: police, forces armées, force, ethos, prestation de comptes. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
CENÁRIOS DA MIGRAÇÃO NO BRASIL NOS ANOS
Authors: Pinto José Marcos , Baeninger Rosana
Published: August 2022

O artigo resgata as tendências migratórias nacionais nas últimas décadas, com ênfase nas transformações na dinâmica da migração nos anos 90. Analisa as principais vertentes da migração em termos das trocas migratórias entre grandes regiões, ressaltando a importância de São Paulo como pólo da migração nacional no decorrer dos períodos estudados. As evidências empíricas recentes indicaram a complementaridade dos processos migratórios para o entendimento da migração entre os estados brasileiros, em especial a importância das regiões metropolitanas como absorvedoras de população para determinados estados e períodos. Palavras-Chaves: migração, redistribuição da população, regiões metropolitanas, migração interestadual, migração metrópole-interior. Immigration scenarios in Brazil in the 90’s   The paper recovers the national migratory trends during the last decades, with emphasis on the transformations in the immigration dynamics in the 90’s.  It analyzes the main immigration trends regarding the migratory exchanges between the major regions, highlighting the importance of São Paulo as a national immigration hub throughout the periods under study.  The recent empirical evidences indicate the complementarity of the migratory processes to understand immigration amongst Brazilian states, especially the importance of the metropolitan regions as absorbers of the population in terms of  given states and periods. Key words: migration, population redistribution, interstate migration, city-inland migration. SCENARIOS DE LA MIGRATION AU BRESIL DANS LES ANNEES 90 Cet article parle des tendances migratoires nationales des dernières décennies en mettant l’accent sur les transformations dans la dynamique de la migration des années 90. On y analyse les principaux axes de la migration en termes d’échanges migratoires entre les grandes régions, en mettant en évidence l’importance de Sao Paulo comme pôle de la migration nationale au cours des périodes étudiées. Les évidences empiriques récentes ont indiqué la complémentarité des processus migra-toires pour la compréhension de la migration entre les états brésiliens et tout spécialement l’importance des régions métropolitaines qui absorbent des populations dans  certains  états et à des périodes déterminées. Mots-clés: migration, redistribution de la population, régions métropolitaines, migration entre les états, migration métropole-campagne. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
construção de Paulo Freire como inimigo nacional
Authors: Godoi Rodolfo , Dimitrov Eduardo
Published: August 2022

O artigo percorre os caminhos discursivos que tentaram deslegitimar o educador Paulo Freire no Brasil nos últimos anos. Evidenciam-se como determinados argumentos foram importados e disseminados pelo escritor Olavo de Carvalho, e instrumentalizados na Câmara dos Deputados Federais, especialmente no ano de 2019. Foi realizada análise textual das produções de Olavo de Carvalho e de proposições legislativas vinculadas, pensadas ao lado das perspectivas teóricas de James Hunter para enquadramento do fenômeno nas guerras culturais. Encontra-se distorção e fraude nos caminhos argumentativos, bem como posicionamentos políticos específicos apresentados como posições neutras. Conclui-se que os agentes analisados engajaram-se tanto pela transformação de Paulo Freire como inimigo nacional, como também pelo esvaziamento da política na escola.
Da rejeição à arte contemporânea para a guerra cultural (Nathalie Heinich)
Authors: Heinich Nathalie , Silva Diogo de Moraes
Published: August 2022

Apresentação do texto
Nathalie Heinich é uma socióloga francesa com extensa trajetória nos estudos da recepção em arte, com especial interesse pelas situações de desacordo na avaliação das obras pelos públicos. Sua atuação profissional inclui a direção de pesquisas no CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) e na EHESS (École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales), ambas instituições referenciais na França. As investigações da autora abrangem a sociologia da arte, a epistemologia das ciências sociais e a sociologia dos valores, com notáveis incursões pela instância receptiva das artes visuais e, em especial, pelos conflitos axiológicos emergidos da relação das audiências não especializadas com a produção artística contemporânea, em contextos nacionais como a França e os Estados Unidos. O texto aqui traduzido resulta de um trabalho de campo realizado por ela, em 1996, na Costa Leste dos EUA, tendo sido originalmente publicado no volume Rethinking Comparative Cultural Sociology: Repertoires of Evaluation in France and the United States (2000), organizado por Michèle Lamont e Laurent Thévenot. Destacam-se, nas análises de Heinich, as especificidades das formas de rejeição à arte contemporânea nesses dois países, com a significativa coincidência, no caso norte-americano, entre as reações de repúdio à arte e as agendas morais e cívicas próprias às “guerras culturais”.   
Resumo do texto
Estudo comparativo entre os ambientes culturais francês e norte-americano, o texto adota como viés analítico as várias formas de rejeição às artes visuais contemporâneas. O cotejo testado revela, todavia, diferenças inconciliáveis tanto no que se refere aos instrumentos de aferição usados nesses países como no que diz respeito à natureza dos valores mobilizados por públicos contrariados. Focado nos valores movimentados por audiências leigas, o estudo evidencia os contrastes entre os modos mais discretos e subjetivos das refutações na França, além da raridade de sua figuração na arena pública, e as controvérsias midiatizadas e politicamente informadas das “guerras culturais” norte-americanas. Apesar das discrepâncias, uma tipologia de matriz axiológica derivada de casos registrados nesses países permite a confrontação das realidades.
escola, o gênero e os embates com o neoconservadorismo “restaurador”
Authors: Menin Assis Felipe , Pedro Joana Maria
Published: August 2022

Resumo: O presente texto procura discutir como as mobilizações antigênero em contexto escolar, tanto em nível global quanto local, movimentaram um ímpeto “restaurador” de valores morais na sociedade, por parte de fundamentalistas religiosos e políticos. Para esse intento, vale-se de textos do Vaticano e de projetos de lei de políticos brasileiros, nos quais esses discursos explicitam a autoridade familiar na educação dos seus filhos, conforme suas convicções morais e religiosas. Evidencia-se também o receio mobilizado por um ressentimento em relação à uma ideologia que “destruiria a família heterossexual”. O dispositivo da “ideologia de gênero” nas escolas seria essa ameaça e provoca, como reação, uma tentativa de “restauração” de um homem ocidental.
guerra cultural contínua
Authors: Hunter James Davison , Zanon Cássia
Published: August 2022

“A guerra cultural contínua” é um artigo do sociólogo James Davidson Hunter publicado em um volume (Is there a culture war? A dialogue on values and American public life. Washington: Pew Research Center, 2006) que faz um balanço do debate sobre as guerras culturais nos Estados Unidos. Hunter é um sociólogo da religião na Universidade da Virginia e foi quem cunhou, em seu livro Culture Wars (Nova Iorque: Basic Books, 1991), a expressão “guerras culturais” para descrever os conflitos políticos em torno de temas morais que caracterizavam os Estados Unidos do final dos anos 1980 e início dos anos 1990. Como o livro de Hunter segue ainda sem tradução ao português, incluímos no dossiê este artigo que resgata a tese original de 1991, relata como o fenômeno das guerras culturais foi originalmente percebido e responde e comenta algumas das controvérsias que o conceito despertou. O artigo é reproduzido com autorização da editora e a tradução é de Cássia Zanon.
que querem os libertários e por que deram um giro à extrema direita?
Authors: Stefanoni Pablo , Foltran Luiza
Published: August 2022

“O que querem os libertários e por que deram um giro à direita?” é um capítulo do livro ¿La rebeldia se volvió de derecha? (Buenos Aires: Siglo Ventiuno, 2021) do historiador argentino Pablo Stefanoni. O livro de Stefanoni tenta entender como a nova direita conseguiu ressurgir como portadora de uma rebeldia antissistêmica e o capítulo traduzido aqui conta a trajetória de Javier Milei, o economista ultraliberal que se converteu em ponta de lança das guerras culturais no país. Ao resgatar a trajetória política e intelectual de Milei, Stefanoni mostra como os temas morais que caracterizam as guerras culturais se conectam e se entrelaçam com o ultraliberalismo econômico. Depois de publicado o livro, a coalizão liderada por Milei conseguiu 17% dos votos na região de Buenos Aires, consagrando-se como a terceira força política da região. O capítulo se publica aqui com autorização do autor e a tradução é de Luiza Foltran.
As disputas políticas no campo da cultura
Authors: Ortellado Pablo , Silva Diogo de Moraes
Published: August 2022

Texto de apresentação do dossiê "Guerras culturais: políticas em confronto", redigido pelos editores Pablo Otellado e Diogo de Moraes Silva.
Novel insights into the regulation of cellular catabolic metabolism in macrophages through nuclear receptors
Authors: Stifel Ulrich , Caratti Giorgio , Tuckermann Jan
Published: August 2022

Regulation of cellular catabolic metabolism in immune cells has recently become a major concept for resolution of inflammation. Nuclear receptors (NRs), including peroxisome proliferator activator receptors, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (3) receptor, liver X receptors, glucocorticoid receptors, oestrogen‐related receptor α and nuclear receptor 4A1, have been identified as major modulators of inflammation, affecting innate immune cells, such as macrophages. Evidence emerges on how NRs regulate cellular metabolism in macrophages during inflammatory processes and contribute to the resolution of inflammation. This could have new implications for our understanding of how NRs shape immune responses and inform anti‐inflammatory drug design. This review will highlight the recent developments about NRs and their role in cellular metabolism in macrophages.
Overview and Outlook on Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes in Perovskite Photovoltaics from Single‐Junction to Tandem Applications
Authors: Choi Jin‐Myung , Han Jiye , Yoon Jonghyuk , Kim Soyeon , Jeon Il , Maruyama Shigeo
Published: August 2022

Nanocarbon materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have attracted considerable attention as the main or supplementary components in various optoelectronics boosting the device performance and improving the process conditions. Specifically, their application to perovskite solar cells, which are among the most promising photovoltaic devices acknowledged for eco‐friendly energy generation, has significantly impacted the current standing of metal halide perovskite‐based devices. The uniqueness of the nanocarbon applications can be attributed to their outstanding optical, electrical, chemical and mechanical properties, which conventional materials do not possess. This review overviews past and present reports on graphene‐ and CNT‐incorporated perovskite solar cells. Versatile roles and various synthetic methodologies of the applied nanocarbons in perovskite solar cells, including the material growth methods and sources, and functions as transparent electrodes, charge‐transporting layers, interfacial layers, additives and encapsulants, are categorized and graphically illustrated. The discussion expands from single‐junction to tandem applications with silicon solar cells, where the nanocarbon materials also play an equally important yet divergent function. Applications of each graphene and CNTs to the silicon‐perovskite tandem solar cells are interpreted in terms of what roles they play and how they solve the conventional problems. This review serves as the guideline for the photovoltaics researchers in advancing devices using nanocarbons.
Bay‐Monosubstitution with Electron‐Donating Group as an Efficiently Strategy to Functionalize Perylene Imide Polymer for Enhancing Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Activity
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Zejin , Shi Jinyan , Zhu Wenbo , Yang Le , Wang Ying , Zou Zhigang
Published: August 2022

It is still a challenge to develop an organic conjugated photocatalyst with a high O2 evolution rate. Functionalization organic polymer photocatalysts is an effective way to enhance photocatalytic performance. In this study, a series of perylene imide polymers (PDIs) are prepared by introducing different number of phenyl groups at bay position of PDI, and the influence of the number of substituents on charge separation and photocatalytic activity is investigated. It reveals that monosubstituted PDI exhibits the highest O2 evolution rate of 2524.88 µmol g–1 h–1 under visible light illumination without any cocatalyst. The excellent performance ascribes to the push–pull intramolecular charge transfer and the high crystallinity, which significantly promote separation and transfer of photoinduced charge. However, the O2 evolution rate dramatically drops with the number of substituent groups increase because introducing more groups at the bay position of PDI decreased charge local excitation of the PDI core and occupied the O2 evolution active site. In addition, it is found that increasing the number of electron–donor substituent groups would seriously destroy the crystallinity, leading to a decrease in the O2 evolution rate. This study highlights a reasonably structural modification strategy to enhance the O2 evolution rate of the PDI polymer by electron‐donating group monosubstitution.
Stretchable High Response Piezoelectric Elastomers Based on Polable Polynorbornene Fillers in a Polydimethylsiloxane Matrix
Authors: Owusu Francis , Nüesch Frank A. , Opris Dorina M.
Published: August 2022

To advance the field of piezoelectrics, it is desirable to find materials that combine high piezoelectricity with high elasticity. Applications such as self‐sensors, stretchable electronics, soft robots, and energy harvesting would benefit tremendously. However, this is not an easy task neither for materials based on ceramics nor for those based on polymers. While ceramics can show strong piezoelectric effects, their mechanical response tends to be weak. Polymers instead are elastic but only few have sizeable piezoelectric effects. Additionally, they cannot maintain the polarization permanently as needed for piezoelectrics. Here, an all‐organic piezoelectric elastomer is synthesized by blending high glass transition temperature (Tg = 104 °C) polar polynorbornene nanoparticles (NPs) with a high relaxation strength (Δε′ = 22.4) into a chemically cross‐linked polydimethylsiloxane matrix. After processing the blends into thin films by doctor blading, they are poled by corona discharge at elevated temperatures. Fifteen days after poling, the materials show a stable and reversible piezoelectric response d31 = 37 pC N−1. This, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, not only is the highest d31 value reported, but the response is three times that of the well‐known polyvinylidene difluoride.
Online machine learning modeling and predictive control of nonlinear systems with scheduled mode transitions
Authors: Hu Cheng , Cao Yuan , Wu Zhe
Published: August 2022

This work develops a model predictive control (MPC) scheme using online learning of recurrent neural network (RNN) models for nonlinear systems switched between multiple operating regions following a prescribed switching schedule. Specifically, an RNN model is initially developed offline to model process dynamics using the historical operational data collected in a small region around a certain steady‐state. After the system is switched to another operating region under a Lyapunov‐based MPC with suitable constraints to ensure satisfaction of the prescribed switching schedule policy, RNN models are updated using real‐time process data to improve closed‐loop performance. A generalization error bound is derived for the updated RNN models using the notion of regret, and closed‐loop stability results are established for the switched nonlinear system under RNN‐based MPC. Finally, a chemical process example with the operation schedule that requires switching between two steady‐states is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RNN‐MPC scheme.
A novel preparation and vapor phase modification of 2D‐open channel bioadsorbent for uranium separation
Authors: Ahmad Mudasir , Ren Jianquan , Xiu Tao , Naik Mehraj‐ud‐din , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Baoliang
Published: August 2022

An economical and highly uranium extraction from seawater remains a crucial task for energy sources and environmental safety. Aiming for improving the mass transfer rate of uranium from seawater, a new synthetic strategy was adopted to synthesize two‐dimensional‐open channel microporous bioadsorbent for uranium extraction from seawater. Herein, a vapor phase modification approach was adopted to graft divinylbenzene (DVB), and polyacrylonitrile (AN) onto the surfaces of microporous frameworks via a free radical polymerization method. The postsynthetic functionalization was carried out by hydrothermal process, where amidoxime groups are structure‐directing agents to trap uranium. Furthermore, amidoxime groups not only enhanced hydrophilicity but also adjusts adsorbents pKa. AO‐Fc faces minimum interference of competing ions and achieves a high uranium adsorption capacity of 8.57 ± 0.02 and 409 ± 1 mg/g in seawater and simulated solution. Despite its stable structure, AO‐Fc exhibits a long life span and negligible weight loss revealed AO‐Fc could be applied as a potential adsorbent for radionuclides.
Centering culture in the treatment of opioid use disorder with American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: Contributions from a National Collaborative Board
Authors: Hirchak Katherine A. , Nadeau Melanie , Vasquez Angel , Hernandez‐Vallant Alexandra , Smith Kyle , Pham Cuong , Oliver Karen Anderson , Baukol Paulette , Lizzy Karen , Shaffer Racquel , Herron Jalene , Campbell Aimee N. C. , Venner Kamilla L. ,   The CTN‐0096 Collaborative Board
Published: August 2022

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities are disproportionally impacted by the opioid overdose epidemic. There remains a dearth of research evaluating methods for effectively implementing treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) within these communities. We describe proceedings from a 2‐day Collaborative Board (CB) meeting tasked with developing an implementation intervention for AI/AN clinical programs to improve the delivery of medications to treat OUD (MOUD). The CB was comprised of Elders, cultural leaders, providers, individuals with lived experience with OUD, and researchers from over 25 communities, organizations, and academic institutions. Conversations were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and coded by two academic researchers with interpretation oversight provided by the CB. These proceedings provided a foundation for ongoing CB work and a frame for developing the program‐level implementation intervention using a strength‐based and holistic model of OUD recovery and wellbeing. Topics of discussion posed to the CB included engagement and recovery strategies, integration of extended family traditions, and addressing stigma and building trust with providers and clients. Integration of traditional healing practices, ceremonies, and other cultural practices was recommended. The importance of centering AI/AN culture and involving family were highlighted as priorities for the intervention.