bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chuprov and Neyman: Priority in Science and the Uneven Diffusion of Scientific Results
Authors: Lusinchi Dominic
Published: September 2020

Priority in “discovery,” which sometimes leads to eponymy, is a highly prized form of reward in the scientific community. Recognition of priority is a norm whose violation will bring opprobrium (e.g. suspicion of plagiarism) upon the offender. But in order for an idea to receive an attribution of novelty, and its author to be acknowledged, it must first be noticed. This essay is a case study of an innovation (formulas related to stratified sampling) in the field of mathematical statistics that was “overlooked” for many years by many. Unknowingly, Jerzy Neyman (1894‐1981) “refound” these formulas a decade later (1933). When a statistician in 1950 uncovered the original idea and its author (A.A. Chuprov, 1874‐1926), he contacted Neyman who promptly published a “Recognition of priority” (1952). The study examines the perplexing situation in which some results become known to and recognized by the statistical community, while others, originating from the very same paper, were “overlooked” by sampling statisticians (among others) who, unlike Neyman, had access to the paper and thus had ample opportunity to identify Chuprov's formulas as relevant to their work. Chuprov was well‐known in the statistics world, and the publication in which he published his ideas (1923) was a respected statistical journal (Metron). How is it that it took nearly 20 years for someone in the statistics community to notice that Chuprov had anticipated Neyman in deriving the formulas in question?
Repeated resection for recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A retrospective German multicentre study
Authors: Bartsch Fabian , Eberhard Johannes , Rückert Felix , Schmelzle Moritz , Lehwald‐Tywuschik Nadja , Fichtner‐Feigl Stefan , Gaedcke Jochen , Oldhafer Karl J. , Oldhafer Felix , Diener Markus , Mehrabi Arianeb , Settmacher Utz , Becker Thomas , Keck Tobias , Friess Helmut , Strücker Benjamin , Opitz Sabine , Lemke Johannes , Schnitzbauer Andreas , Lang Hauke ,   the German ICC Collaboration Group
Published: September 2020

Background

Tumour recurrence is common after resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Repeated resection is a potential curative treatment, but outcomes are not well‐defined thus far. The aim of this retrospective multicentre cohort study was to show the feasibility and survival of repeated resection of ICC recurrence.

Methods

Data were collected from 18 German hepato‐pancreatico‐biliary centres for patients who underwent repeated exploration of recurrent ICC between January 2008 and December 2017. Primary end points were overall (OS) and recurrence‐free survival from the day of primary and repeated resection.

Results

Of 156 patients who underwent repeated exploration for recurrent ICC, 113 underwent re‐resection. CA19‐9 prior to primary resection, R status of first liver resection and median time to recurrence were significant determinants of repeated resectability. Median OS in the repeated resection group was 65.2 months, with consecutive 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year OS of 98%, 78% and 57% respectively. After re‐exploration, median OS from primary resection was 46.7 months, with a consecutive 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year OS of 95%, 55% and 22% respectively. From the day of repeated resection, the median OS was 36.8 months, with a consecutive 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year OS of 86%, 51% and 34% respectively. Minor morbidity (grade I+II) was present in 27%, grade IIIa‐IVb morbidity in 20% and mortality in 3.5% of patients.

Conclusion

Repeated resection of ICC has acceptable morbidity and mortality and seems to be associated with improved long‐term survival. Structured follow‐up after resection of ICC is necessary for early identification of these patients.
Saussurea xinjiangensis sp. nov. (Asteraceae, Cardueae), a new species from Xinjiang, China
Authors: Chen You‐Sheng , Xu Lian‐Sheng
Published: September 2020

Saussurea xinjiangensis Y. S. Chen, a new species from Xinjiang, China, is described and illustrated. It was first found during a field expedition by the author in 2014. It belongs to S. subgen. Saussurea sect. Laguranthera because its root and caudex split fibrously and it has numerous capitula in a corymbiform synflorescence. The new species is similar to S. mucronulata in its habit, strongly fibrous rootstock and caudex, sessile linear leaves and capitula shortly pedunculated in a corymbiform synflorescence. However, it differs from S. mucronulata by its usually branched stems (versus usually simple or apically few‐branched), lower leaf blade 8–12 cm long and 0.5–1.8 cm wide (versus 3–5 cm long and 0.2–0.5 cm wide), leaves abaxially sparsely arachnoid tomentose (versus densely arachnoid tomentose), phyllary white arachnoid tomentose and green to brown (versus glabrous and blackish purple).
Burmannia decurrens (Burmanniaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from southwestern Guangdong, China
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Zhang Kai , Qian Xin , Wu Mingsong , Zhang Dianxiang
Published: September 2020

Burmannia decurrens sp. nov., a new mycoheterotrophic species of Burmannia L. (Burmanniaceae) from Yunkaishan Nature Reserve, southwestern Guangdong Province, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is morphologically similar to B. nepalensis and B. oblonga in whole plant whitish, the shape of leaves and bracts, and yellow seeds. However, it is easily distinguished from B. nepalensis and B. oblonga by characters of perianth lobes, perianth wings, shape of seeds and length of pedicel. Moreover, molecular phylogeny based on nrDNA also strongly supported that B. decurrens is a taxonomic novelty. A detailed description along with line drawings of the morphology and a comparison to morphologically similar species are provided. Additionally, the habitat, distribution and conservation status are also discussed.
The effect of crude oil price shocks on macroeconomic stability in Ghana
Authors: Dramani John Bosco , Frimpong Prince Boakye
Published: September 2020

The paper studies the effects of underlying shocks of crude oil price movements on the stability of macroeconomic aggregates in Ghana. We develop a structural vector autoregressive to disentangle the sources that have driven shocks in crude oil market and estimate the effects of the identified shocks on macroeconomic aggregates and on three bilateral exchange rates in Ghana. In addition, we investigate the extent of transmission of the identified shocks on food and non‐food price levels. The findings show that shocks by oil supply and demand‐specific have a significant effect on real GDP. Further, the identified shocks have a weighty effect on the Ghana/Euro bilateral exchange rate. The findings also suggest that all the identified structural shocks have significant effects on food and non‐food inflation. This implies that oil market shocks are detrimental to food and non‐food inflation in Ghana.
Assessment of heterotic patterns of tropical low‐nitrogen–tolerant maize (Zea maysL.) inbred lines using testcross performance, morphological traits and SNP markers
Authors: Ajala Sam O. , Olayiwola Muyideen O. , Job Anthony O. , Olaniyan Amudalat B. , Gedil Melaku
Published: September 2020

Breeding efforts in West and Central Africa (WCA) have focused on the development of Low‐N‐tolerant (LNT) maize inbreds and their classification into heterotic groups. This study was conducted to classify LNT maize lines into heterotic groups using testcross performance, morphological and SNP markers and to compare the consistency of groupings by the three methods. Thirty‐six LNT inbreds were crossed to two contrasting inbred testers to generate 72 testcrosses that were evaluated under low‐N conditions in Nigeria in 2014. Also, the 36 inbreds and the two testers were evaluated for per se performance under similar conditions as the testcrosses in 2014 and genotyped in 2015 using 1,123,196 SNP markers. Based on testcross performance, 33 of the 36 LNT inbreds were grouped by the two testers. Morphological characterization from per se performance and genetic relationship by SNP markers classified the inbreds into four groups that were inconsistent with their pedigree. Correlation analysis showed non‐concurrence of the three grouping methods. However, information from these groupings would assist in reducing the number of crosses to be made and evaluated.
Combination of total length of Gleason pattern 4 and number of Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 cores detects similar outcome group to Gleason score 6 cancers among cases with ≥5% of Gleason pattern 4
Authors: Sato Shun , Kimura Takahiro , Onuma Hajime , Fukuda Yumiko , Egawa Shin , Takahashi Hiroyuki
Published: September 2020

Expanding the inclusion criteria for active prostate cancer surveillance to include cases with a Gleason score (GS) of 3 + 4 = 7 has been discussed. GS 3 + 4 = 7 cases with a percentage of Gleason pattern 4 (%GP4) <5% were shown to be associated with similar outcomes with those of GS 6 cases. We examined the clinicopathological significance of %GP4 ≥5% with a limited amount of GP4. A total of 315 radical prostatectomy cases with GS 6 or 3 + 4 = 7 in a prior biopsy, were reviewed. The cases with the highest %GP4 ≥5% were subcategorized using the total length of GP4 (GP4‐TL) and number of GS 3 + 4 = 7 cores. As outcome measures, the frequency of adverse pathology (AP) and the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) were compared between the GS 6 and 3 + 4 = 7 subgroups. In the %GP4 ≥5% subgroup, only cases with both GP4‐TL <0.5 mm and 1 core of GS 3 + 4 = 7 showed similar outcome measures with those of GS 6 cancers. However, all other subgroups showed a higher frequency of AP and/or risk of BCR than GS 6 cancers. Our results suggest that cases with %GP4 ≥5% with a limited amount of GP4 should be considered for inclusion in the active surveillance category.
Associations between physical activity types and reaching the physical activity guidelines: The FinHealth 2017 Study
Authors: Wennman Heini , Borodulin Katja
Published: September 2020

Physical activity (PA) guidelines for adults recommend to both aerobic and muscle‐strengthening exercise. We aimed to report prevalence of adults reaching these guidelines and further study associations of types of physical activities with the PA guidelines. In a national FinHealth 2017 Study, adults (18+ years, n = 5335) reported participation in different types of physical activities in summer and winter, in duration of moderate‐ and vigorous‐intensity aerobic PA, and frequency of muscle‐strengthening PA. Logistic regression analysis was used, adjusting for age, education, and self‐rated health, stratified into age‐groups of 18‐64 years and 65+ years by gender. PA guidelines were reached in the age‐group of 18‐64 years by 42% of men and 39% of women and in the age‐group of 65+ years by 26% of men and 20% of women. Walking, cleaning and maintenance work, and stair climbing were the most popular PA types throughout the year. Workout and muscle‐strengthening exercises were consistently associated with 3‐8 times higher odds for reaching the PA guidelines across age, gender, and season. Other PA types (eg, jogging, swimming, skiing, gardening, or stair climbing) had more varied associations with the PA guidelines across gender, age, and season. Our data suggest that only certain conditioning activity types associate with reaching PA guidelines. Findings indicate that future interventions could more specifically use information on gender and age variation in the PA types, to find solutions for low physical activity in the population.
Informed aspirations in science and engineering with upper elementary students after 1 year of a STEM intensive university‐school district partnership
Authors: Parker Carolyn , Grigg Jeffrey , D'Souza Stephanie , Mitchell Charlie , Smith Erica
Published: September 2020

This article reports findings from a study of an integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education program on student interest and awareness in science and engineering. The analysis features grade 3–5 students from a high‐poverty, urban school system in the Mid‐Atlantic region. Through the quantitative analysis of closed ended survey responses and the qualitative analysis of an open‐ended query, we describe how the adoption of an intensive STEM‐focused partnership could influence students’ early interest in and awareness of science and engineering as disciplines and careers. The analysis of the student responses revealed that after 1 year of the project, the students enrolled in the program demonstrated developing interest in science and engineering and were better able to articulate a greater understanding of engineering as a discipline. These findings have implications for the effectiveness of an integrated STEM approach for upper elementary students participating and succeeding in the STEM fields.
Rain Height Statistics from Spaceborne Radar for Satellite Communication in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Aris Nor Azlan
Published: September 2020

Tropical and equatorial region exhibit significantly higher rainfall compared to the temperate region leading to higher attenuation for satellite communication links. One of the issues in radiowave propagation modeling is the different precipitation structures which play an important role in the estimation of rain fade. However, few results on rain height over Malaysian equatorial stations have been presented so far. To this aim, an investigation on rain height derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) is carried out. In this paper, the bright–band heights (hBB) have been analyzed to obtain monthly average values of the rain height (hR). TRMM PR is one of the most powerful instruments able to observe vertical profiles of rainfall. The analysis covers stratiform events around peninsular Malaysia. It is well known that hBB exists slightly below the 0°C isotherm height (h0) and this may lead to the estimation of rain height (hR). The obtained results on rain height are then compared with radiosonde observations and ITU–R Recommendation P.839–3. It is found that the bright–band height (hBB) appears to vary throughout the year and will mostly lie between 4192 m and 4593 m above mean sea level. The results suggest that by carefully consider the physical information of rain height derived from the various local databases should lead to substantial improvements in the rain attenuation prediction accuracy for equatorial and tropical region.
Hop Aware Scheduling Algorithm for TCP Performance Enhancement in Multi Hop Relay WiMAX
Authors: Ismael F. R. , Syed Yusof S. K. , Abbas M. , Fisal N.
Published: September 2020

Mobile Multi-hop Relay (MMR) WiMAX networks allow the number of hops between the user and theMMR-BS to be more than two hops when the non transparent relay station is used. Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP) protocol is optimized to be used in wired networks where the main cause of loss is thecongestion. TCP throughput is highly affected by packet losses or timeout occurrences because of itscongestion control mechanism. Upon the occurrence of timeout, TCP decreases the transmission windowwhich results in throughput degradation, even if such losses are not due to congestion. This paper presentslink layer scheduling algorithm to enhance the TCP in IEEE 802.16j MMR WiMAX networks. The aim isto reduce the Retransmission Timeout (RTO) occurrences and enhance the throughput. The resultsshowed that the hop aware scheduling algorithm gives higher throughput, and less timeout occurrence fordifferent BER values.
SCTPCD: A Cross Layer Transport Layer Protocol For Highly Dynamic Environment
Authors: Idris Jubara Hala Eldaw , Syed Ariffin Sharifah Hafizah , Fisal Norsheila
Published: September 2020

Computer and wireless mobile communication need Internet accessibility at anytime and anywhere and this includes in high-speed wireless environment such as in high speed trains, fast moving cars as vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. However, wireless qualities of service (QoS) provisioning in such environment are more challenging. This increases the development of numerous schemes concerning the need of smooth handoff of the mobile nodes. Transport layer protocols can support seamless handover in such high speed mobility. This paper highlights on the issues of moving users in WiMAX network. A cross-layer design of Transport Layer protocol which is called cross-layer design of Stream Control Transmission Protocol and BS handover messages (SCTPcd) is able to guarantee and maintain QoS for high-speed vehicle. The cross-layer allows information to be exchanged and shared across layer boundaries in order to enable efficient and robust mobility aware protocols.
Hubungan Amalan Pengurusan Kualiti ke atas Prestasi Organisasi PKS Industri Pemprosesan Makanan di Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Talib Hayati Habibah , Mohd Ali Khairul Anuar , Idris Fazli
Published: September 2020

Measurement of quality management practices is becoming more important in enhancing the holistic competitiveness in today’s challenging market. Malaysia’s food processing industry is rapidly growing and has contributed to the country’s economic development. Malaysia is aiming towards the achievement to be world halal-hub as its potential has been identified. However, literature’s on quality management practices and performance in this industry has indicated that, most of previous studies are focuses to the automotive and electrical industries. Thus, the research question on quality management practices and performance among these industry players in Malaysia are still unanswered. Questionnaires are used to gather information from SMEs in Malaysia’s food processing industries through multistage sampling technique and a total of 221 questionnaires are returned. SPSS and AMOS 5.0 are used to analyze the relationship between this two latent constructs. The finding demonstrates the measured quality management practices are significant to the SMEs’ organizational performance. The findings has highlighted the important factors of quality management practices and suggesting factors that need to be given attention by the food processing SMEs in order to gain excellence performance and be more competitive. Nevertheless, future studies are necessary to set forth and examine various factors that may affect the performance of SMEs in this industry.
Pembangunan Jiwa Pendidik dalam Kalangan Bakal Pendidik
Authors: Hamzah Rohana , Tengku Ibrahim Tengku Norzaini , Ismail Sarimah , Ahmad Zuki Ros Eliana Ahmad Zuki
Published: September 2020

Producing high quality human capital is the main agenda in our education system. Therefore, the intent should be transformed with full commitment, compassionate and dedicated by every educator. However, lack awareness of the real meaning and aim of education among trainee educator will reduce our possibility to achieve the agenda. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine strength of educator’s soul development among final year students (trainee educator) from Faculty of Education UTM. Quantitative research design has been used to collect data from 89 respondents which is the whole population of study. The reliability value 0.93 has been obtained using Cronbach Alpha and the value shows that the research instrument is reliable to fulfill the purpose of this study. The finding shows that, the strength of educator’s soul development among final year students is moderately high with mean value at 3.86. The finding also shows that trainee educator’s level of attentiveness toward education aim which is to develop human potential based on universal value belief and devotion to God obtain the lowest mean 3.62 which is at the moderate level. Therefore, there is essential to put more effort to strengthen trainee educators’ attentiveness towards the real aim of education.
Value at Risk and Market Risk: Case of the Regional Securities Exchange
Authors: Diallo Mouhamadou Saliou
Published: September 2020

The study of the BRVM market risk using the VaR method is a determining factor in assessing the performance of our equity portfolio composed of the BRVM composite index and the BRVM10 index. It has enabled us, with the help of Basel regulations, to use backtesting to determine the minimum amount of capital that an investor must hold per day to protect against risk. The kupiec test enables us to determine the reliability of VaR calculated at different confidence levels. The result of our study confirms, using the extreme VaR method, the robustness of our threshold-based portfolio risk management approach. It also confirms the problem of market attractiveness during times of financial crisis.
Counting the Costs of COVID-19: Why Future Treatment Option Values Matter
Authors: Kent Adrian
Published: September 2020

I critique a recent analysis (Miles, Stedman & Heald, 2020) of COVID-19 lockdown costs and benefits, focussing on the United Kingdom (UK). Miles et al. (2020) argue that the March-June UK lockdown was more costly than the benefit of lives saved, evaluated using the NICE threshold of £30000 for a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and that the costs of a lockdown for 13 weeks from mid-June would be vastly greater than any plausible estimate of the benefits, even if easing produced a second infection wave causing over 7000 deaths weekly by mid-September.   I note here two key problems that significantly affect their estimates and cast doubt on their conclusions. Firstly, their calculations arbitrarily cut off after 13 weeks, without costing the epidemic end state. That is, they assume indifference between mid-September states of 13 or 7500 weekly deaths and corresponding infection rates. This seems indefensible unless one assumes that (a) there is little chance of any effective vaccine or improved medical or social interventions for the foreseeable future, (b) notwithstanding temporary lockdowns, COVID-19 will very likely propagate until herd immunity. Even under these assumptions it is very questionable. Secondly, they ignore the costs of serious illness, possible long-term lowering of life quality and expectancy for survivors. These are uncertain, but plausibly at least as large as the costs in deaths.In summary, policy on tackling COVID-19 cannot be rationally made without estimating probabilities of future medical interventions and long-term illness costs. More work on modelling these uncertainties is urgently needed.
Extremum Seeking Feedback With Wave Partial Differential Equation Compensation
Authors: Oliveira Tiago Roux , Krstic Miroslav
Published: September 2020

This paper addresses the compensation of wave actuator dynamics in scalar extremum seeking (ES) for static maps. Infinite-dimensional systems described by partial differential equations (PDEs) of wave type have not been considered so far in the literature of ES. A distributed-parameter-based control law using back-stepping approach and Neumann actuation is initially proposed. Local exponential stability as well as practical convergence to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the unknown extremum point is guaranteed by employing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals and averaging theory in infinite dimensions. Thereafter, the extension for wave equations with Dirichlet actuation, antistable wave PDEs as well as the design for the delay-wave PDE cascade are also discussed. Numerical simulations illustrate the theoretical results.
Model-Based Analysis of a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) System for the Operation of a Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbine
Authors: Dennis Jason , Bexten Thomas , Petersen Nils , Wirsum Manfred , Preuster Patrick
Published: September 2020

One of the main challenges currently hindering the transition to energy systems based on renewable power generation is grid stability. To compensate for the volatility of wind- and solar-based power generation, storage facilities able to adapt to seasonal and short-term differences in energy production and demand are required. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) represent a viable method of chemically binding elemental hydrogen, offering opportunities for large-scale and safe energy storage. In times of energy shortage, flexible and dispatchable power generation technologies such as gas turbines can be fueled by hydrogen stored in this manner. Hydrogen can be released from its liquid carrier via an endothermic dehydrogenation reaction using waste heat provided by the gas turbine. This gaseous hydrogen can be supplied to the gas turbine combustion chamber using a hydrogen compressor. In this study, a steady-state model is developed in order to analyze the heat-integrated combination of a 7.7 MW hydrogen-fired gas turbine and a perhydrodibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT)/dibenzyltoluene (H0-DBT) LOHC system. For the best-performing parameter set, the effective storage density of the LOHC oil comes to 1.5 kWh/L. This value is situated in between that of compressed hydrogen at 350 bar (1.01 kWh/L) and liquid hydrogen (2.33 kWh/L). Concurrently, the corresponding energy required for hydrogen compression reduces the overall system efficiency to 22.00% (ηGT=30.15%). The resulting optimal electricity yield, being a product of these two values, amounts to 0.33 kWhel/L.
Trends in Walking, Moderate, and Vigorous Physical Activity Participation Across the Socioeconomic Gradient in New South Wales, Australia From 2002 to 2015
Authors: Gugusheff Jessica , Foley Bridget C. , Owen Katherine B. , Drayton Bradley , Ding Ding , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Lund Rasmussen Charlotte , Bauman Adrian E. , Thomas Margaret
Published: September 2020

Background: A combination of walking, other moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity is recommended for achieving good health. Vigorous activity has unique health benefits but may be less accessible to disadvantaged people. To reduce health inequity, we need to understand the differences in physical activity participation among socioeconomic subgroups and whether this is changing over time. Methods: Data from the 2002 to 2015 Adult New South Wales Population Health Surveys (164,652 responses) were analyzed to investigate trends in walking, moderate and vigorous physical activity participation by socioeconomic status as measured by educational attainment. Analysis used age- and sex-adjusted multivariable linear models that accounted for complex survey design. Results: In 2002, the highest socioeconomic group spent 18.5 (95% confidence interval, 8.2–28.8) minutes per week more than the lowest socioeconomic group being vigorously active. By 2015, this gap had steadily increased to 41.4 (95% confidence interval, 27.6–55.1) minutes per week. Inequity between groups was also found for duration of moderate activity but not for time spent walking. Conclusions: Low participation in vigorous activity in the lowest socioeconomic group is likely driving increasing inequities in physical activity and widening participation gaps over time. Barriers preventing the most disadvantaged people in New South Wales from engaging in vigorous activity should be addressed urgently.
Wireless battery-free wearable sweat sensor powered by human motion
Authors: Song Yu , Min Jihong , Yu You , Wang Haobin , Yang Yiran , Zhang Haixia , Gao Wei
Published: September 2020

Wireless battery-free wearable sensor powered by human motion is able to analyze sweat biomarkers for personalized health care.
Probing single-cell metabolism reveals prognostic value of highly metabolically active circulating stromal cells in prostate cancer
Authors: Rivello Francesca , Matuła Kinga , Piruska Aigars , Smits Minke , Mehra Niven , Huck Wilhelm T. S.
Published: September 2020

Single-cell analysis reveals highly metabolically active circulating cells as a novel biomarker.
Giant electrochemical actuation in a nanoporous silicon-polypyrrole hybrid material
Authors: Brinker Manuel , Dittrich Guido , Richert Claudia , Lakner Pirmin , Krekeler Tobias , Keller Thomas F. , Huber Norbert , Huber Patrick
Published: September 2020

A silicon-polymer hybrid shows large, reversible electrostrain at remarkably small operation voltages in aqueous electrolyte.
Inhibition of two-pore channels in antigen-presenting cells promotes the expansion of TNFR2-expressing CD4
+
Foxp3
+
regulatory T cells
Authors: He Tianzhen , Yang De , Li Xiao-Qing , Jiang Mengmeng , Islam Md Sahidul , Chen Shaokui , Chen Yibo , Yang Yang , Chou Chon-Kit , Trivett Anna L. , Oppenheim Joost J. , Chen Xin
Published: September 2020

Inhibition of TPCs up-regulates tmTNF expression on APCs by disrupting mTACE expression and promotes expansion of TNFR2
+
Tregs.
Energy redistribution and spatiotemporal evolution of correlations after a sudden quench of the Bose-Hubbard model
Authors: Takasu Yosuke , Yagami Tomoya , Asaka Hiroto , Fukushima Yoshiaki , Nagao Kazuma , Goto Shimpei , Danshita Ippei , Takahashi Yoshiro
Published: September 2020

Quantum simulations reveal many-body dynamics after a quench, useful for testing numerical methods with classical computers.
Enhanced thermal conduction by surface phonon-polaritons
Authors: Wu Y. , Ordonez-Miranda J. , Gluchko S. , Anufriev R. , Meneses D. De Sousa , Del Campo L. , Volz S. , Nomura M.
Published: September 2020

Surface electromagnetic waves double thermal conductivity of thin SiN membranes.
Structural insight into the
Staphylococcus aureus
ATP-driven exporter of virulent peptide toxins
Authors: Zeytuni N. , Dickey S. W. , Hu J. , Chou H. T. , Worrall L. J. , Alexander J. A. N. , Carlson M. L. , Nosella M. , Duong F. , Yu Z. , Otto M. , Strynadka N. C. J.
Published: September 2020

Cryo-EM structure of a peptide toxin exporter reveals molecular insights into
Staphylococcus aureus
pathogenicity and persistence.
Longitudinal and transverse electron paramagnetic resonance in a scanning tunneling microscope
Authors: Seifert Tom S. , Kovarik Stepan , Juraschek Dominik M. , Spaldin Nicola A. , Gambardella Pietro , Stepanow Sebastian
Published: September 2020

Longitudinal and transverse magnetic field gradients drive single-atom EPR in an STM owing to piezoelectric excitations.
Adaptive optics two-photon endomicroscopy enables deep-brain imaging at synaptic resolution over large volumes
Authors: Qin Zhongya , Chen Congping , He Sicong , Wang Ye , Tam Kam Fai , Ip Nancy Y. , Qu Jianan Y.
Published: September 2020

An innovative imaging tool enables in vivo high-resolution visualization of deep brain structures and functions over large volume.
An immune cocktail therapy to realize multiple boosting of the cancer-immunity cycle by combination of drug/gene delivery nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Jiayan , Chen Jie , Feng Yuanji , Zhang Sijia , Lin Lin , Guo Zhaopei , Sun Pingjie , Xu Caina , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi
Published: September 2020

A previously unexplored immune cocktail therapy enables vigorous and multiple boosting of the cancer-immunity cycle.
Targeting the cryptic sites: NMR-based strategy to improve protein druggability by controlling the conformational equilibrium
Authors: Mizukoshi Yumiko , Takeuchi Koh , Tokunaga Yuji , Matsuo Hitomi , Imai Misaki , Fujisaki Miwa , Kamoshida Hajime , Takizawa Takeshi , Hanzawa Hiroyuki , Shimada Ichio
Published: September 2020

An NMR-based strategy was established to improve protein druggability by stabilizing cryptic binding sites in an equilibrium.
Membrane surface recognition by the ASAP1 PH domain and consequences for interactions with the small GTPase Arf1
Authors: Soubias Olivier , Pant Shashank , Heinrich Frank , Zhang Yue , Roy Neeladri Sekhar , Li Jess , Jian Xiaoying , Yohe Marielle E. , Randazzo Paul A. , Lösche Mathias , Tajkhorshid Emad , Byrd R. Andrew
Published: September 2020

The ASAP1 PH domain binds to PIP
2
membranes, experiences conformational shifts, and recognizes Arf1 to initiate GTPase activity.
Nonreciprocal thermal transport in a multiferroic helimagnet
Authors: Hirokane Yuji , Nii Yoichi , Masuda Hidetoshi , Onose Yoshinori
Published: September 2020

Thermal current is rectified in a multiferroic helimagnet.
Cross-Protection by Inactivated H5 Prepandemic Vaccine Seed Strains against Diverse Goose/Guangdong Lineage H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses
Authors: Criado Miria Ferreira , Sá e Silva Mariana , Lee Dong-Hun , Salge Carolina Alves de Lima , Spackman Erica , Donis Ruben , Wan Xiu-Feng , Swayne David E.
Published: September 2020

The sustained circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 A/goose/Guangdong/1996 (Gs/GD) lineage in the agricultural sector and some wild birds has led to the evolution and selection of distinct viral lineages involved in escape from vaccine protection. Our results using inactivated vaccine candidates from the human pandemic preparedness program in a chicken challenge model identified critical antigenic conformational epitopes on H5 hemagglutinin (HA) from different clades that were associated with antibody recognition and escape. Even though other investigators have reported epitope mapping in the H5 HA, much of this information pertains to epitopes reactive to mouse antibodies. Our findings validate changes in antigenic epitopes of HA associated with virus escape from antibody neutralization in chickens, which has direct relevance to field protection and virus evolution. Therefore, knowledge of these immunodominant regions is essential to proactively develop diagnostic tests, improve surveillance platforms to monitor AIV outbreaks, and design more efficient and broad-spectrum agricultural and human prepandemic vaccines.
Identification and Characterization of CD4
+
T Cell Epitopes after Shingrix Vaccination
Authors: Voic Hannah , de Vries Rory D. , Sidney John , Rubiro Paul , Moore Erin , Phillips Elizabeth , Mallal Simon , Schwan Brittany , Weiskopf Daniela , Sette Alessandro , Grifoni Alba
Published: September 2020

Understanding the T cell profile associated with the protection observed in elderly vaccinees following Shingrix vaccination is relevant to the general definition of correlates of vaccine efficacy. Our study enables these future studies by clarifying the patterns of immunodominance associated with Shingrix vaccination, as opposed to natural infection or Zostavax vaccination. Identification of epitopes recognized by Shingrix-induced CD4 T cells and their associated HLA restrictions enables the generation of tetrameric staining reagents and, more broadly, the capability to characterize the specificity, magnitude, and phenotype of VZV-specific T cells.
A Culture Collection of 50 Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates
Authors: Liu H. , Vidyaprakash E. , Schmerer M. W. , Pham D. C. , St Cyr S. , Kersh E. N.
Published: September 2020

A culture collection of 50
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
isolates is available from the CDC & FDA Antibiotic Resistance Isolate Bank. Associated data include antibiotic susceptibility information for azithromycin, cefixime, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and spectinomycin and linked whole-genome sequences.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter fetus subsp.
fetus
NWU_ED24, Isolated from a Bovine Sheath Wash Sample
Authors: Tshipamba Mpinda Edoaurd , Alayande Kazeem Adekunle , Lubanza Ngoma , Mwanza Mulunda
Published: September 2020

Campylobacter fetus
subsp.
fetus
is an opportunistic human pathogen that is frequently identified as a cause of intestinal infections as well as bloodstream infections. This bacterium is well known to cause spontaneous abortions in sheep and cows. The strain reported in this study was isolated from a preputial wash sample from a bull in South Africa.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Salmonella enterica Lytic Phages, NBSal006 and NBSal007
Authors: Llanos Carlos D. , Punil Renzo , Mamani Enrique , Mormontoy Carlo , Bardales Jorge A.
Published: September 2020

The use of bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents represents a promising alternative for the control of pathogenic bacteria. Here, we present the complete genome sequences of two novel
Salmonella enterica
lytic bacteriophages, NBSal006 and NBSal007, candidates for
Salmonella
biocontrol.
Educational Attainment and Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in a Hispanic Border Community: Testing Fundamental Cause Theory
Authors: Barger Steven D. , Lininger Monica R. , Trotter Robert T. , Wayment Heidi A. , Mbegbu Mimi , Kyman Shari , Pearson Talima
Published: September 2020

Unlike some types of
S. aureus
infections,
S. aureus
colonization is not associated with ethnicity or educational attainment and thus may be outside the influence of socioeconomic status-based resources typically mobilized to avoid or mitigate preventable health risks. This assessment of a clinically silent risk that usually precedes infections may illustrate a boundary of fundamental cause theory.
Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global AIDS response
Authors: Kavanagh Matthew M , Graeden Ellie , Pillinger Mara , Singh Renu , Eaneff Stephanie , Bendaud Victoria , Gustav Rico , Erkkola Taavi
Published: September 2020

Law and policy differences help explain why, as HIV-related science has advanced swiftly, some countries have realised remarkable progress on AIDS while others see expanding epidemics. We describe the structure and findings of a new dataset and research platform, the HIV Policy Lab, which fills an important knowledge gap by measuring the HIV-related policy environment across 33 indicators and 194 countries over time, with online access and visualisation. Cross-national indicators can be critical tools in international governance—building social power to monitor state behaviour with the potential to change policy and improve domestic accountability. This new and evolving effort collects data about policy through review of legal documents, official government reports and systematic review of secondary sources. Alignment between national policy environments and global norms is demonstrated through comparison with international public health guidance and agreements. We demonstrate substantial variation in the content of law and policies between countries, regions and policy areas. Given progress in basic and implementation science, it would be tempting to believe most countries have adopted policies aligned with global norms, with a few outliers. Data show this is not the case. Globally, alignment is higher on clinical and treatment policies than on prevention, testing and structural policies. Policy-makers, researchers, civil society, finance agencies and others can use these data to better understand the policy environment within and across countries and support reform. Longitudinal analysis enables evaluation of the impact of laws and policies on HIV outcomes and research about the political drivers of policy choice.
Personal view: security sector health systems and global health
Authors: Bricknell Martin , Horne S
Published: September 2020

In many countries the security sector is a major contributor to the healthcare system. The role and transformation of a state’s security health system within the universal health coverage is important, in that it sits at the interface of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 3 (ensure healthy lives and promote well-being) and 16 (promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies). The paper describes the breadth of the security sector and outlines the potential beneficiaries, clinical services and macro-organisation of a security sector health system from the perspective of its contribution to wider government health services and crisis response. It examines the characteristics of the security sector compared with other providers of health services, including those generic to the sector and unique to a given service. Understanding civil–security relationships is a critical facet of effective Defence Healthcare Engagement (DHE), which includes the use of defence medical assets in support of capacity-building overseas. The analytical process described may form the basis of DHE planning. It may have even greater importance in the near future as countries review national resilience and global health diplomacy after the COVID-19 crisis.
Cerebral venous thrombosis as a complication of intracranial hypotension after lumbar puncture
Authors: Edwards Leon Stephen , Cuganesan Ramesh , Cappelen-Smith Cecilia
Published: September 2020

Background

Optic neuritis is recognised by the international classification of headache disorders as a painful cranial nerve lesion. A lumbar puncture may be performed in the investigation of optic neuritis. Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) due to intracranial hypotension is a frequent complication of this procedure. In contrast, cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of dural puncture. A few studies have identified an association between iron deficiency anaemia and venous thrombosis. There are no reports linking CVT with lumbar puncture and iron deficiency anaemia.

Methods and results

We present a 32-year-old woman with optic neuritis and iron deficiency anaemia complicated by a PDPH and CVT.

Conclusion

CVT should be considered in a patient with persistent headache, recent lumbar puncture and iron deficiency anaemia. Early recognition and treatment of this condition are vital to avoiding mortality and morbidity.
Protocol for a multicentre, prospective cohort study of clinical, proteomic and genomic patterns associated with osteoporosis to develop a multidimensional fracture assessment tool: the PoCOsteo Study
Authors: Khashayar Patricia , Dimai Hans Peter , Moradi Nahid , Fahimfar Noushin , Gharibzadeh Safoora , Ostovar Afshin , Nabipour Iraj , Larijani Bagher
Published: September 2020

Introduction

The HORIZON 2020 project PoCOsteo aims (1) to develop a multidimensional fracture risk assessment tool which would take into account all factors known to be related to an individual’s fracture risk. The fracture risk model is intended to be developed in two different populations, namely a European and a Middle Eastern one; (2) to develop a medical device, which would measure and/or quantify proteomic as well as genomic factors as present in whole blood samples collected through finger prick; (3) to test the clinical applicability and the validity of prototypes of the to be developed point of care device at both clinical centres.

Methods and analysis

This article presents the protocol of this prospective cohort that will be carried out independently at two different centres (Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology at the Medical University of Graz (MUG) as a clinic-based cohort, and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI) at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) as a population-based cohort). The final aim is to develop a fracture risk assessment model, which would include clinical risk factors, biochemical markers of bone turnover, as well as specific genomic factors. The derivation cohorts will consist of individuals aged 50 years and above. The period of observation for each patient will be 12 months; an extension phase, which would last for another 2 years, is also planned.

Ethics and dissemination

These studies are conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The Iranian part was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of EMRI, TUMS. The Austrian part was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Graz. Based on the gathered information, a multidimensional fracture assessment tool will be designed which will later be added to the PoCOsteo device.
Effectiveness of interventions for the prevention of occupational violence against professionals in health services: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Okubo Caroline Vieira Cláudio , Silveira Renata Cristina Campos Pereira , Galdino Maria José Quina , Fernandes Daiane Rubinato , Moreira Aline Aparecida Oliveira , Martins Júlia Trevisan
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Occupational violence affects several categories of workers; however, the health sector category has been considered at a high risk, exposing workers to physical and psychological abuse. Thus, occupational violence has decreased the quality of care in health service. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for the prevention and reduction of occupational violence against health professionals.

Methods and analysis

This protocol is consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and LIVIVO along with a comprehensive review of grey literature. The search will be conducted on August 1 st 2020, without language and time restrictions. Following the eligibility criteria, two independent reviewers will select the titles and abstracts and subsequently screen the full articles. If necessary, a third reviewer will assess any disagreements. All references will be imported into EndNote, and any duplicates will be removed. The data will be extracted using an extraction-based form from Cochrane. Statistical analyses will be performed using the software Cochrane Review Manager, and a meta-analysis will be performed if possible for the statistical combination of at least two studies. The risk of bias of the randomised clinical trials will be evaluated by the Risk of Bias tool from Cochrane, and the risk of bias of the non-randomised intervention studies will be evaluated using the Downs and Black scale. The quality of the evidence and strength of the classification recommendations will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Ethics and dissemination

This review will not evaluate individual patient information and therefore does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals, presentations at conferences and the doctoral thesis of the leading author.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018111383.
Association between active tobacco use during pregnancy and infant respiratory health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: De Queiroz Andrade Ediane , Da Silva Sena Carla Rebeca , Collison Adam , Murphy Vanessa E , Gould Gillian Sandra , Bonevski Billie , Mattes Joerg
Published: September 2020

Objective

To evaluate what is known about active tobacco use during pregnancy and the association with infant respiratory health.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Data sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Maternity and Infant Care were searched thoroughly until June 2020.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

We included case–control and cohort studies estimating the association between active tobacco use during pregnancy and infant respiratory health (wheezing and apnoea) and lung function parameters in the first 12 months of life.

Data extraction and synthesis

Extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. The odds ratio, relative risk and mean differences were pooled with a 95% CI using the generic inverse variance method. Heterogeneity was assessed and expressed by percentage using I2.

Results

We identified 4423 abstracts, and 21 publications met the eligibility criteria. Pooled OR showed an increase in wheezing episodes in infants born to mothers who were active tobacco users during pregnancy (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.77, p<0.01). Mixed results were found on lung function parameters, and a meta-analysis including two studies with comparable methodology showed a trend towards reduced maximum flow rate at functional residual capacity of −34.59 mL/s (95% CI −72.81 to 3.63, p=0.08) in 1-month-old infants born to women who smoked during pregnancy. A higher risk of apnoea was described for infants born to mothers who used smokeless tobacco during pregnancy, while the results in infants born to women who actively smoked tobacco during pregnancy were non-conclusive.

Conclusion

Infants born to mothers who actively smoked during pregnancy are at higher odds of having wheeze and may have lower lung function. Smokeless tobacco use in pregnancy may increase the risk of apnoea in infancy.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018083936.