bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the integral development of agriculture and tourism on agricultural eco-efficiency: a case study of two river basins in China
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhou Faming , Xie Ailiang , Shi Juan
Published: December 2022

The integral development of agriculture and tourism heavily depends on natural resources, especially agricultural resources, and it also may contribute to the sustainability of agriculture. The sustainability of agriculture is usually measured by the agricultural eco-efficiency. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the impact of the agriculture and tourism integration on agricultural eco-efficiency, so as to reflect the role of the agriculture and tourism integration on promoting agricultural sustainability. Applying panel data of 19 provinces in Yangtze River Basin and Yellow River Basin in China from 2008 to 2019, this paper uses a PSTR model to demonstrate the impact of agriculture and tourism integration on agricultural eco-efficiency and its mechanisms. It is found that in the study area, the integration of agriculture and tourism can contribute to improvements in agricultural eco-efficiency, and when levels of integration are high, the promotional effect is enhanced. However, impacts vary among different regions to some extent. In terms of influencing mechanisms, inputs of agricultural labor, sown crop area, effective irrigation area and other factors decrease with continuous improvements of integration. The input of pesticides, fertilizers and other factors does not decrease in the initial stage of integration but undergoes a rapid decrease after crossing a threshold value. And it demonstrates that the integration of agriculture and tourism is beneficial for improving the agricultural eco-efficiency, so that it will contribute to agricultural sustainability. Meanwhile, this paper offers a new research perspective for discovering effects of agriculture and tourism integration, providing implications for formulating regional policies for the integration.
In the thick of it: scope rivalry in past counterfactuals of Pomerano
Authors: Kaufmann Göz
Published: December 2022

This paper analyzes the morphosyntactic variation in past counterfactuals with modal verbs in Pomerano, a Low German variety spoken in Brazil. The variation concerns (i) the highest verb (temporal auxiliary or modal verb), (ii) the morphological form of the temporal auxiliary (blocking of tense and/or person agreement), (iii) the frequently unexpected position of the modal verb (verb clusters in the CP-domain), and (iv) the overall number of verbs (syntactic doubling and/or PF-insertion). Analyzing more than 6,000 translated sentences, scope rivalry between the temporal auxiliary and the modal verb proves to be the major catalyst of an intriguing instance of language variation and change. The derivation of the extant variants grants us a privileged view of the clausal architecture of Pomerano—including cases of derivational misfiring—as well as of more general processes of clause formation.
Increased arthropod biomass, abundance and species richness in an agricultural landscape after 32 years
Authors: Fürst Julia , Bollmann Kurt , Gossner Martin M. , Duelli Peter , Obrist Martin K.
Published: December 2022

Recent studies reporting widespread declines in arthropod biomass, abundance and species diversity raised wide concerns in research and conservation. However, repeated arthropod surveys over long periods are rare, even though they are key for assessing the causes of the decline and for developing measures to halt the losses. We repeatedly sampled arthropod fauna in a representative Swiss agricultural landscape over 32 years (1987, 1997, 2019). Sampling included eight study sites in four different semi-natural and agricultural habitat types and different trap types (pitfall, window, yellow bucket) over an annual period of 10 weeks to capture flying and ground dwelling arthropod taxa. In total, we analyzed 58,448 individuals from 1343 different species. Mean arthropod biomass, abundance and species richness per trap was significantly higher in 2019 than in the prior years. Also, species diversity of the study area was highest in 2019. Three main factors likely have contributed to the observed positive or at least stable development. First, the implementation of agri-environmental schemes has improved habitat quality since 1993, 6 years after the first sampling. Second, landscape composition remained stable, and pesticide and fertilizer was constant over the study period. Third, climate warming might have favored the immigration and increase of warm adapted species. Our results support the idea that changes in arthropod communities over time is highly context-dependent and complex.

Implications for insect conservation

We conclude that the integration and long-term management of ecological compensation patches into a heterogenous agricultural landscape supports insect conservation and can contribute to stable or even increased arthropod abundance, biomass and diversity. Future studies are needed to clarify interdepending effects between agricultural management and climate change on insect communities.
Effect of electrophoretic deposition of micro-quartz on the microstructural and mechanical properties of carbon fibers and their bond performance toward cement
Authors: Li Huanyu , Liebscher Marco , Ly Khoa Hoang , Ly Phong Vinh , Köberle Thomas , Yang Jian , Fan Qingyi , Yu Minghao , Weidinger Inez M. , Mechtcherine Viktor
Published: December 2022

An electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process of micro-quartz (MQ) powder is applied to carbon fibers (CFs) with the aim to enhance their interfacial bond to cementitious matrices and to investigate its influence on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the CFs itself. The electrophoretic mobility of the MQ particles with negative charge in aqueous media was confirmed by potential sweep experiments and zeta-potential measurements. High amounts of MQ were successfully deposited onto the fiber surface, as proven by scanning electron microscopy. Single-fiber tension tests and thermogravimetric analysis showed that EPD treatment had little impact on the tensile properties and thermal stability of the modified fibers. However, storing the CFs in cement pore solution impaired temperature stability of untreated and modified fibers. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveal specific changes of CF's microstructure upon EPD treatment and immersion in pore solution. Single-fiber pullout tests showed that the pullout resistance of MQ-modified CFs was enhanced, relative to untreated CFs. This augmentation can be explained by an enhanced interlocking mechanisms between CF and matrix due to the deposited quartz particles on the CF surface.
On the complexity of finding well-balanced orientations with upper bounds on the out-degrees
Authors: Hörsch Florian , Szigeti Zoltán
Published: December 2022

We show that the problem of deciding whether a given graph G has a well-balanced orientation $$\vec {G}$$

G
→

such that $$d_{\vec {G}}^+(v)\le \ell (v)$$

d

G
→

+

(
v
)

≤
ℓ

(
v
)

for all $$v \in V(G)$$

v
∈
V
(
G
)

for a given function $$\ell :V(G)\rightarrow \mathbb {Z}_{\ge 0}$$

ℓ
:
V

(
G
)

→

Z

≥
0

is NP-complete. We also prove a similar result for best-balanced orientations. This improves a result of Bernáth, Iwata, Király, Király and Szigeti and answers a question of Frank.
ZnSe-based highly-sensitive SPR biosensor for detection of different cancer cells and urine glucose levels
Authors: El-assar Mohamed , Taha Taha E. , El-Samie Fathi E. Abd , Fayed Heba A. , Aly Moustafa H.
Published: December 2022

As detection of cancer and diabetes diseases has captured a great attention in the field of biosensing, many ways were introduced to detect these diseases with high accuracy. This paper presents a novel use of zinc selenide (ZnSe) semiconductor material to enhance the sensitivity of a conventional Ag-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor. The proposed sensor structure is simple (BK7 prism/Ag/ZnSe), cost-effective, and easy to design and fabricate. The sensor is tested in the detection of different cancerous cells in human blood, showing an excellent sensitivity of 359$$^\circ$$

∘

/RIU. In addiion, it is tested to detect various glucose levels in human urine, and it provides a very high performance with a sensitivity of 366.6$$^\circ$$

∘

/RIU, which is 70% better than that of a similar reported work. Thus, the proposed biosensor is capable efficiently to detect various kinds of cancer cells and different glucose concentrations in urine.
Carbonate microfacies classification model based on dual neural network: a case study on the fourth member of the upper Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the Moxi gas field, Central Sichuan Basin
Authors: Li Keran , Song Jinmin , Yan Haijun , Liu Shugen , Yang Di , Li Zhiwu , Jin Xin , Ren Jiaxin , Zhao Lingli , Wang Jiarui
Published: December 2022

The dual neural network (DNNW) model combines two neural networks to imitate artificial sedimentary facies division by learning the characteristics of multi-type logging curves corresponding to the sedimentary microfacies of a coring section. The model predicts many non-coring wells in the research zone through logging data. After comparing the classification performance of a fully connected neural network (FCNWW) and AutoML when dealing with three FNDA, EALS, and HRA datasets, the DNNW shows high stability and assists exploration in the Moxi gas field. Four sedimentary microfacies are identified through thin section observation, including thrombolite boundstone (MF1), laminated stromatolite boundstone (MF2), siliceous laminar boundstone (MF3), and micritic dolostone (MF4). Results suggest the fourth member of Dengying Formation in the Moxi gas field is carbonate platform facies deposition: specifically, restricted platform and platform margin.
Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid in pediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease
Authors: Wang Yi-Long , Zhu Meng-Ying , Yuan Zhe-Feng , Ren Xiao-Yan , Guo Xiao-Tong , Hua Yi , Xu Lu , Zhao Cong-Ying , Jiang Li-Hua , Zhang Xin , Sheng Guo-Xia , Jiang Pei-Fang , Zhao Zheng-Yan , Gao Feng
Published: December 2022

Background

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system.

Methods

Extracted proteins from 34 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples [patients with MOGAD (MOG group, n = 12); healthy controls (HC group, n = 12); patients with MOG seronegative and metagenomics next-generation sequencing-negative inflammatory neurological diseases (IND group, n = 10)] were processed and subjected to label-free quantitative proteomics. Supervised partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA) models were also performed based on proteomics data. Functional analysis of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) was performed using Gene Ontology, InterPro, and Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the complement levels in serum from patients with MOGAD.

Results

Four hundred and twenty-nine DEPs (149 upregulated and 280 downregulated proteins) were identified in the MOG group compared to the HC group according to the P value and fold change (FC). Using the O-PLS-DA model, 872 differentially abundant proteins were identified with variable importance projection (VIP) scores > 1. Five proteins (gamma-glutamyl hydrolase, cathepsin F, interalpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5, latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 4 and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1) overlapping between the top 30 DEPs with top-ranked P value and FC and top 30 proteins in PLS-DA VIP lists were acquired. Functional analysis revealed that the dysregulated proteins in the MOG group were primarily involved in complement and coagulation cascades, cell adhesion, axon guidance, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis compared to the HC group.

Conclusion

The proteomic alterations in CSF samples from children with MOGAD identified in the current study might provide opportunities for developing novel biomarker candidates.
The interaction between large mammals and Acheulean tools during the Middle Pleistocene in the Manzanares valley (Madrid, Spain): new evidence for Santa Elena and Oxígeno sites
Authors: Claver Idoia , Martos Juan Antonio , Yravedra José , Panera Joaquín , Rubio-Jara Susana
Published: December 2022

The fluvial deposits of the Manzanares and Jarama rivers present one of the largest concentrations of lithic and faunal remains of Pleistocene sites in Europe. In the Manzanares River close to the confluence of the Jarama River, the stepped terrace system disappears and gives way to the Complex Terrace of Butarque (CTB), where the sites of Santa Elena and Oxígeno are located. Different numerical dates obtained from the visible CTB’s bottom suggest that it was deposited during the MIS 6 or even MIS 7. This paper provides the first taphonomic and palaeoecological interpretation of both collections. A total of 445 fossil elements have been recorded in Oxígeno. The most represented are cranial fragments of Elephas sp. About Santa Elena, 130 fossil elements have been recorded. The best represented are fragments of Bos/Bison sp. horns and Elephas sp. tusks. The taphonomic processes identified at both sites bring to light a complex taphonomic history. The incidence of processes related to fluvial transport is higher in Oxígeno than in Santa Elena. Besides, dismemberment cut marks have been identified exclusively on the humerus of Bos primigenius in Santa Elena. Several tooth marks from carnivores have been recorded: small pits and scores at Oxígeno as well as pits and furrowing on Bos primigenius and Megaloceros sp. bones from Santa Elena. The faunal association depict an open landscape of wet meadows with herbaceous vegetation adjacent to riparian wood habitats associated with the Manzanares alluvial plain, where hominids and predators competed to some unknown extent.
A nascent design theory for explainable intelligent systems
Authors: Herm Lukas-Valentin , Steinbach Theresa , Wanner Jonas , Janiesch Christian
Published: December 2022

Due to computational advances in the past decades, so-called intelligent systems can learn from increasingly complex data, analyze situations, and support users in their decision-making to address them. However, in practice, the complexity of these intelligent systems renders the user hardly able to comprehend the inherent decision logic of the underlying machine learning model. As a result, the adoption of this technology, especially for high-stake scenarios, is hampered. In this context, explainable artificial intelligence offers numerous starting points for making the inherent logic explainable to people. While research manifests the necessity for incorporating explainable artificial intelligence into intelligent systems, there is still a lack of knowledge about how to socio-technically design these systems to address acceptance barriers among different user groups. In response, we have derived and evaluated a nascent design theory for explainable intelligent systems based on a structured literature review, two qualitative expert studies, a real-world use case application, and quantitative research. Our design theory includes design requirements, design principles, and design features covering the topics of global explainability, local explainability, personalized interface design, as well as psychological/emotional factors.
An application of morphological analysis and DNA barcoding to identify Ipnops from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) as I. meadi Nielsen, 1966 with notes on other species of the genus (Aulopiformes: Ipnopidae)
Authors: Thiel Ralf , Christodoulou Magdalini , Pogonoski John J. , Appleyard Sharon A. , Weddehage Thilo , Vink Annemiek , Uhlenkott Katja , Martinez Arbizu Pedro
Published: December 2022

Although Ipnops specimens are relatively common in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ), an area targeted for potential future deep-sea mining, a reliable species identification has not yet been possible due to the lack of a captured specimen. In April 2012, an Ipnops specimen was caught for the first time from the eastern CCZ during an exploration cruise of the BGR. Species identification of this specimen was performed using a comparative application of morphological analysis and DNA barcoding and resulted in its clear assignment to Ipnops meadi Nielsen, 1966. Of the 23 compared morphological characters, 22 are inside the ranges available for I. meadi. Molecular analyses show a sequence distance of 0.76% divergence to an Ipnops specimen collected off Hawaii, close to the CCZ and also within the known geographical distribution range of I. meadi. The additional study of five specimens of I. meadi from the Arabian Sea has extended the previously known range of the following morphological characters of this species: gill rakers on anterior arch (17–21), head length (17.6–24.0 % SL), upper jaw length (10.7–14.0 % SL), maximum width of eye-plates (7.8–9.8 % SL), preanal length (58.8–79.0 % SL), and predorsal length (34.5–40.5 % SL). Ipnops specimens deriving from Australian waters could not be clearly assigned with confidence to one of the valid Ipnops species based on current morphological and molecular analyses. It seems possible that at least one previously undescribed Ipnops species occurs in Australian waters and further work is required on the genus to resolve uncertainties.
The Borel map in the mixed Beurling setting
Authors: Nenning David Nicolas , Rainer Armin , Schindl Gerhard
Published: December 2022

The Borel map takes a smooth function to its infinite jet of derivatives (at zero). We study the restriction of this map to ultradifferentiable classes of Beurling type in a very general setting which encompasses the classical Denjoy–Carleman and Braun–Meise–Taylor classes. More precisely, we characterize when the Borel image of one class covers the sequence space of another class in terms of the two weights that define the classes. We present two independent solutions to this problem, one by reduction to the Roumieu case and the other by dualization of the involved Fréchet spaces, a Phragmén–Lindelöf theorem, and Hörmander’s solution of the$$\overline{\partial }$$∂¯-problem.
An Intersectional Approach to Equity, Inequity, and Archaeology
Authors: Rivera Prince Jordi A. , Blackwood Emily M. , Brough Jason A. , Landázuri Heather A. , Leclerc Elizabeth L. , Barnes Monica , Douglass Kristina , Gutiérrez María A. , Herr Sarah , Maasch Kirk A. , Sandweiss Daniel H.
Published: December 2022

The year 2020 was an awakening for some. For others, it reiterated the persistent social injustice in the United States. Compelled by these events, 30 diverse individuals came together from January to May 2021 for a semester-long seminar exploring inequity in archaeological practice. The seminar's discussions spotlighted the inequity and social injustices that are deeply embedded within the discipline. However, inequity in archaeology is often ignored or treated narrowly as discrete, if loosely bound, problems. A broad approach to inequity in archaeology revealed injustice to be intersectional, with compounding effects. Through the overarching themes of individual, community, theory, and practice, we (a subset of the seminar's participants) explore inequity and its role in various facets of archaeology, including North–South relations, publication, resource distribution, class differences, accessibility, inclusive theories, service to nonarchaeological communities, fieldwork, mentorship, and more. We focus on creating a roadmap for understanding the intersectionality of issues of inequity and suggesting avenues for continued education and direct engagement. We argue that community-building—by providing mutual support and building alliances—provides a pathway for realizing greater equity in our discipline.
Investigation of a Fused in Sarcoma Splicing Mutation in a Chinese Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient
Authors: Yang Wanli , Chen Xi , Zhou Yu , Tang Xuelin , Sun Yimin , Dong Yi , Yang Hong , Chen Yan , Zhang Ming
Published: December 2022

Objective:

Genetic mutations of fused in sarcoma (FUS) causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may disrupt mRNA splicing events. For example, the FUS c.1394-2delA variant was reported in two western ALS patients, but its molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate FUS splice site mutations in Chinese ALS patients.

Methods:

Sanger sequencing was used to identify FUS splicing mutations in Chinese ALS patients. We combined a deep learning tool (SpliceAI), RNA sequencing, and RT-PCR/RT-qPCR to analyze the effect of FUS c.1394-2delA mutation on RNA splicing and expression. AlphaFold was used to predict the protein structure of mutant FUS. In transfected cell lines, we used immunofluorescence to assess cytoplasmic mislocalization of mutant FUS protein.

Results:

We identified a de novo FUS splice acceptor site mutation (c.1394-2delA, p. Gly466Valfs*14) in one Chinese sporadic ALS patient, which is linked to exon 14 skipping, and upregulated total FUS mRNA expression. The FUS splice site mutation was predicted to be translated into a truncated protein product at C-terminal. In vitro studies revealed that the FUS mutation increased cytoplasmic mislocalization in both HEK293T and SH-SY5Y cells.

Conclusions:

We identified a de novo FUS splicing mutation (c.1394-2delA, p. Gly466Valfs*14) in 1 out of 233 Chinese ALS patients. It caused abnormal RNA splicing, upregulated gene expression, truncated FUS translation, and cytosolic mislocalization. Our findings suggested that FUS splice site mutation is rare in Chinese ALS patients and extended our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of the FUS c.1394-2delA mutation.
Changes in assortative matching and educational inequality: evidence from marriage and birth records in Mexico
Authors: Hoehn-Velasco Lauren , Penglase Jacob
Published: December 2022

Over the past three decades, educational attainment in Mexico has grown substantially. This increase in educational attainment may affect marriage patterns through the growing supply of individuals with higher education and changing preferences over their partner's education level. We use administrative marriage and birth certificate records to quantify changes in the relative education levels for both married and unmarried couples. Our results suggest that individuals who marry outside their education category prefer to match with a partner with a similar education level. That is, college graduates prefer to match with individuals with a secondary education rather than those with a primary education. We also find that assortativeness among pairs which include college graduates has grown considerably over this time period. Our findings hold across both marriage records and birth certificate records, indicating a parallel increase in assortativeness regardless of marital status.
Electric Pioneers: Nationalist Lobbying, Technology Transfer, and the Origins of the Chinese Electric Lamp Industry, 1921–1937
Authors: Moazzin Ghassan
Published: December 2022

This article uses the case of Oppel Electric Manufacturing Co. Ltd.—the most important Chinese manufacturer of light bulbs before 1937—to explore the early development of the Chinese electrical lamp industry. The article first explores the Chinese market for electrical lamps before the 1920s and shows how the market was dominated by imports and lamps locally manufactured by foreign firms. It then traces how Oppel was established in the 1920s and subsequently grew into a successful manufacturing business able to compete with foreign products. The article explores how the fact that government institutions were major purchasers of light bulbs allowed Oppel to engage in nationalist lobbying and thereby win government contracts. The article shows how the absence of Western-style intellectual property rights allowed Oppel to transfer technology cheaply, efficiently, and without needing to enter into Sino–foreign joint ventures. These discussions of nationalist lobbying and China’s intellectual property environment contribute to our understanding of China’s early industrialization, both in terms of the rapid industrial growth early twentieth century China saw and the leading role that Chinese firms played in this growth.
The disputed lake: Lake Garda between tourism and nationalism on the eve of the Great War
Authors: Pasini Maria Paola
Published: December 2022

This article reconstructs the heated – local and national – debate around the consistent and pervasive foreign presence in the border territory of Lake Garda on the eve of the Great War. Here, the growing nationalistic tensions that preceded the conflict intertwined with the emerging hospitality industry. Tourism, seen as a social phenomenon, can thus offer a privileged perspective on the transformations of the general context of the time. Introduced by Austro-Germanic inhabitants of the lake at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the hospitality industry on Lake Garda flourished up to the eve of the Great War. There were, however, also opponents to this model of development. The dispute escalated to the point that, in the perception of the locals, the ‘outsiders’ turned into ‘enemies’ and Lake Garda increasingly became a disputed area: a symbol of the tensions of the time.
Serum s100b protein levels as a neuroinflammatory biomarker of acutely relapsed paranoid schizophrenia patients
Authors: Morera-Fumero Armando L. , Diaz-Mesa Estefania , Fernandez-Lopez Lourdes , Abreu-Gonzalez Pedro , Henry-Benitez Manuel S.
Published: December 2022

Objective:

The s100b inflammatory protein is involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. We aim at studying the evolution of the s100b serum levels in acutely relapsed paranoid schizophrenia patients at three different time points (admission, discharge and 3 months after hospital discharge 3MAHD).

Methods:

Twenty-three paranoid schizophrenia inpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria participated in the research. Twenty-three healthy subjects matched by age, gender and season acted as the control group. Psychopathology was measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Serum s100b levels were determined at 12:00 and 24:00 h with an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit.

Results:

Patients had significant higher serum s100b levels at admission and discharge (12:00 h) than the group of healthy subjects. At admission and discharge, s100b serum levels at 24 h had decreased compared to the 24:00 h s100b levels of the healthy subjects. At 3MAHD patients and healthy subjects had similar levels of serum s100b protein. Positive and negative PANSS scores decreased significantly between admission and discharge. Positive and negative PANSS scores decreased between discharge and 3MAHD, but these changes had no statistical significance.

Conclusions:

Our study confirms that the acute inflammatory response produced in acutely relapsed patients is reversed after 3 month of hospital discharge. The variations of serum s100b concentrations when the patients suffer from an acute relapse may be a useful predictor of disease evolution.
Mechanistic effects of microwave radiation on pupal emergence in the leafminer fly,Liriomyza trifolii
Authors: Chang Ya-Wen , Zhang Yue , Yan Yu-Qing , Wang Yu-Cheng , Wu Cheng-Dong , Hu Jie , Du Yu-Zhou
Published: December 2022

Liriomyza trifoliiis a significant pest of vegetable and ornamental crops across the globe. Microwave radiation has been used for controlling pests in stored products; however, there are few reports on the use of microwaves for eradicating agricultural pests such asL. trifolii, and its effects on pests at the molecular level is unclear. In this study, we show that microwave radiation inhibited the emergence ofL. trifoliipupae. Transcriptomic studies ofL. trifoliiindicated significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ‘post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones’, ‘sensory perception of pain/transcription repressor complex/zinc ion binding’ and ‘insulin signaling pathway’ when analyzed with the Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, respectively. The top DEGs were related to reproduction, immunity and development and were significantly expressed after microwave radiation. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins or antioxidant enzymes inL. trifoliitreated with microwave radiation as compared to the untreated control. The expression of DEGs encoding cuticular protein and protein takeout were silenced by RNA interference, and the results showed that knockdown of these two DEGs reduced the survival ofL. trifoliiexposed to microwave radiation. The results of this study help elucidate the molecular response ofL. trifoliiexposed to microwave radiation and provide novel ideas for control.
Combined effects of CXCL8 (IL-8) and CXCR2 (IL-8R) gene polymorphisms on deregressed MACE EBV indexes of milk-related traits in Simmental bulls
Authors: De Matteis Giovanna , Grandoni Francesco , Signorelli Federica , Degano Lorenzo , Vicario Daniele , Buttazzoni Luca , Napolitano Francesco
Published: December 2022

CXCL8 (also known as IL-8) is a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines that binds two of the seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), CXCR1 and CXCR2, to mediate and regulate leucocyte accumulation and activation at sites of inflammation. They are known to play a critical role in both disease susceptibility and infection outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the entire sequences ofCXCL8andCXCR2genes in thirty-one Simmental sires to evaluate the effects of genomic variants on the indexes of the bulls for milk, fat and protein yields, and for somatic cell score (SCS). Five new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found inCXCR2gene. The analysis of association indicated that one SNP inCXCL8and two inCXCR2influenced the considered traits. To evaluate the existence of functional haplotypic effects, combinations among the three genomic variants (SNP 1 inCXCL8, SNP 6 and SNP 7 inCXCR2) were investigated. Four different haplotypic alleles were identified in the experimental population, one of which at a high frequency (61%). Bulls with Hap 4 (G-C-G at SNP 1, SNP 6, and SNP 7 respectively) had more favourable indexes for SCS (P< 0.05). These results suggest that the SNPs inCXCL8andCXCR2may be potential genetic markers to improve udder health in the Simmental breed.
Effect of loose house dairy cattle barn modification on udder health and production performance of Jersey crossbred cows in tropical lower Gangetic plains
Authors: Sahu Dharma , Mandal Dilip Kumar , Podder Monanki
Published: December 2022

The results reported in this research communication aimed to reduce the housing discomfort and mastitis incidence of lactating Jersey crossbred cows through modifications to the roof and floor of loose housing stalls. The experiment was conducted on twenty Jersey crossbred cows and they were distributed equally into two different types of housing: (i) existing shed/control group (T0) – concrete floor and asbestos roof and (ii) modified shed/treatment group (T1)- sand flooring (4–6 inch deep; 38% of total area) and a thatch ceiling (4″ thick) under an asbestos roof. Under-roof surface temperature differed significantly (P< 0.01) between the two sheds during both the winter season but a greater difference was observed in the summer (modified sheds were 5–9 °C cooler than the control shed during peak hours (10 am to 3 pm) of the day. The milk yield (kg/d) in both seasons was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P< 0.01). The overall milk fat and total solid percentage were significantly higher in the treatment than the control group (P< 0.01) but solids not fat (SNF) did not show any difference between the groups. The percentage of milk fat did not differ significantly between the seasons, while the SNF and total solids were also significantly higher in the winter than the summer season (P< 0.01). There was a significantly lower subclinical mastitis test score (MCMT grade:P< 0.05) in the treatment group than in the control group. In the treatment group, the somatic cell count (SCC) was numerically but non-significantly less than in the control group. No differences in MCMT and SCC were observed between seasons (P> 0.05). It was concluded that the provision of sand as stall flooring and an under-roof thatch ceiling as a heat insulator was significantly associated with increased milk yield, milk composition and possibly, lower somatic cell count in dairy Jersey crossbred cows. However, since the study was limited to a single replicate of each housing system with analysis done at individual cow level, further work is needed to confirm these conclusions.
Metrical strength in Persian poetic metres
Authors: MAHDAVI MAZDEH MOHSEN
Published: December 2022

In determining the metrical structure of quantitative poetic metres, heavy (i.e. long) syllables are usually associated with metrically strong positions. In this study, examining the case of Persian metres, I argue that the metres must be treated as temporal patterns in music, where research on rhythm perception has shown that the metrical strength of an event is not directly determined by the inter-onset interval following it but sensitive to the overall arrangement of the attack points. To identify metrically strong positions, I introduce a different method based on the performance practices of participants in the poetic tradition. The strength hierarchy is then used to offer constituency trees for the metrical forms and classify them. The structures identified for metrical forms are different from those suggested in previous accounts of Persian metres, in that they allow incomplete constituents at the left edges of metres. Building upon this general framework, a set of constraints chiefly based on well-known universal rhythmic tendencies is introduced and the Persian metre inventory is accounted for as emerging from the interaction of these constraints.
Robust PID optimal tuning of a Delta parallel robot based on a hybrid optimization algorithm of particle swarm optimization and differential evolution
Authors: Pak Yong-Ju , Kong Yong-Su , Ri Jin-Song
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we propose an approach to tune optimal parameters of a robust PID controller by means of computed torque control (CTC) strategy for trajectory tracking of a Delta parallel robot, using a hybrid optimization algorithm of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE). It differs from previous works that they propose robust PID controller parameters tuning based on conventional gradient-based optimization algorithms and apply them to process control. First, we reduce the tuning problem of a robust PID controller with CTC strategy satisfying requirements including robustness and disturbance attenuation to an optimization problem with nonlinear constraints by considering the nonlinear dynamic model of a Delta parallel robot. Second, we set up the design characteristics for the trajectory tracking of a Delta parallel robot. Then, we propose a robust PID controller in a way of obtaining the global optimization solution of the nonlinear optimization problem by running a PSO-DE hybrid optimization algorithm of finding the global optimal solution by maintaining the diversity of swarm during evolution based on the evolution of cognitive experience. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller outperforms previous works with respect to robust performance and active disturbance attenuation when it is applied to tracking control of a Delta parallel robot.
The Morality of Creating Lives Not Worth Living: On Boonin's Solution to the Non-Identity Problem
Authors: Risberg Olle
Published: December 2022

David Boonin argues that in a choice between creating a person whose life would be well worth living and creating a different person whose life would be significantly worse, but still worth living, each option is morally permissible. I show that Boonin's argument for this view problematically implies that in a choice between creating a person whose life would be well worth living and creating another person whose life would not be worth living, each option is also morally permissible.
Development and application of novel performance validity metrics for computerized neurocognitive batteries
Authors: Scott J. Cobb , Moore Tyler M. , Roalf David R. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Wolf Daniel H. , Port Allison M. , Butler Ellyn R. , Ruparel Kosha , Nievergelt Caroline M. , Risbrough Victoria B. , Baker Dewleen G. , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C.
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

Data from neurocognitive assessments may not be accurate in the context of factors impacting validity, such as disengagement, unmotivated responding, or intentional underperformance. Performance validity tests (PVTs) were developed to address these phenomena and assess underperformance on neurocognitive tests. However, PVTs can be burdensome, rely on cutoff scores that reduce information, do not examine potential variations in task engagement across a battery, and are typically not well-suited to acquisition of large cognitive datasets. Here we describe the development of novel performance validity measures that could address some of these limitations by leveraging psychometric concepts using data embedded within the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PennCNB).

Methods:

We first developed these validity measures using simulations of invalid response patterns with parameters drawn from real data. Next, we examined their application in two large, independent samples: 1) children and adolescents from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (n = 9498); and 2) adult servicemembers from the Marine Resiliency Study-II (n = 1444).

Results:

Our performance validity metrics detected patterns of invalid responding in simulated data, even at subtle levels. Furthermore, a combination of these metrics significantly predicted previously established validity rules for these tests in both developmental and adult datasets. Moreover, most clinical diagnostic groups did not show reduced validity estimates.

Conclusions:

These results provide proof-of-concept evidence for multivariate, data-driven performance validity metrics. These metrics offer a novel method for determining the performance validity for individual neurocognitive tests that is scalable, applicable across different tests, less burdensome, and dimensional. However, more research is needed into their application.
The Prisoner: A missing link in England’s history of electronic music
Authors: Gillies Sam
Published: December 2022

This article documents the circumstances surrounding the composition of the soundtrack to the theatrical production of Bridget Boland’s The Prisoner in 1954. Roberto Gerhard’s soundtrack to The Prisoner is likely the first piece to utilise ensemble and magnetic tape, and as such potentially the first live performance of musique concrète in England, taking place a year before Gerhard’s significantly more infamous electronic score to King Lear, produced by the Royal Shakespeare Company, and four years prior to the establishment of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. No master recording or score has been located and details relating to the soundtrack are sparse. This paper attempts to collect available documentation relating to this production, as well as provide new insights relating to potential draft materials stored in the Roberto Gerhard Tape Archive and a previously unknown connection between the production and Pierre Henry and the Groupe de Reserches de Musique Concrète.
Using Spacing to Promote Lasting Learning in Educational Contexts
Authors: Ebersbach Mirjam , Lachner Andreas , Scheiter Katharina , Richter Tobias
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Spacing repeated study phases across multiple sessions instead of studying and restudying the learning material in one session only is an effective strategy to promote lasting learning. However, most studies demonstrating the spacing effect were conducted in the laboratory, using simple verbal material. Learning in educational contexts differs regarding the complexity and coherence of the learning material and concerning the role of motivational and affective learner characteristics. Studies conducted in educational contexts suggest that the spacing effect is not as robust here. For example, acquiring mathematical skills or nonrepeated, consecutive information does not reliably benefit from spacing. After an overview of studies addressing the spacing effect in the laboratory and in educational contexts, we discuss various open questions that need to be addressed by future research before recommending spacing as a learning strategy to promote meaningful and lasting learning at schools and universities.
Validierung des Fragebogens zum Schlafverhalten von Sportlerinnen und Sportlern (FSVS)
Authors: Berge Annika Hof zum , Kellmann Michael , Loch Fabian , Ferrauti Alexander , Meyer Tim , Pfeiffer Mark , Jakowski Sarah
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung. Der Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire ist ein englischsprachiger Fragebogen zur Erhebung des individuellen Schlafverhaltens von Sportler_innen. Ziel dieser Studie war die Übersetzung des Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire ins Deutsche sowie die wissenschaftliche Validierung dieser deutschen 18-Item-Version, dem Fragebogen zum Schlafverhalten von Sportlerinnen und Sportlern (FSVS). Die Validierungsstichprobe umfasste 450 Teilnehmende. Mittels eines dichotomen Items zur regelmäßigen Wettkampfteilnahme (ja/nein) wurde in Wettkampfsportler_innen ( n = 209) und Kontrollgruppe ( n = 241) unterteilt. Cronbach-α des FSVS-Gesamtwerts ergab .66. Die Pearson-Produkt-Moment-Korrelationsanalysen ergaben moderate Korrelationen zwischen FSVS-Gesamtwert, der Epworth-Sleepiness-Scale ( r = .33) und dem Pittsburgh-Sleep-Quality-Index ( r = .30). Es wurden signifikante Gruppenunterschiede für den FSVS-Gesamtwert gefunden, t‍(448) = 4.47, p < .001, d = 0.42, bei deskriptiv höheren Werten der Gruppe der Wettkampfsportler_innen. In einer separaten Stichprobe, die 13 Ruderer_innen der deutschen Junioren-Nationalmannschaft umfasste, wurden die Fragebogenwerte anschließend mit objektiven Schlafparametern korreliert. Dabei ließ sich eine hohe Korrelation zwischen FSVS-Gesamtwert und Einschlaflatenz ( rs = .68, p = .011) erkennen. Zusammenfassend ist der FSVS ein schnelles und valides Werkzeug, um dysfunktionale Schlafverhaltensweisen bei Wettkampfsportler_innen zu identifizieren. In Anlehnung an die Originalversion wird die Ableitung von Interventionen anhand einzelner Items empfohlen.
Time-Out in Child Behavior Management
Authors: Lieneman Corey C. , McNeil Cheryl B.
Published: December 2022

Practical, evidence-based guide to using time-out safely and effectively

Written by leading experts
Highlights applied research
Reviews parent training programs
Details parent–child interaction therapy
Addresses controversial issues
Includes downloadable tools

This book is essential reading for psychologists, therapists, students, and anyone who works with children and their families. It is a compact, comprehensive guide to understanding, administering, and teaching caregivers to implement time-out effectively for child behavior management. Readers will learn about time-out’s history and scientific research base, particularly with respect to child age, cultural groups, and presenting concerns. Practitioners will appreciate the focus on applied research highlighting the efficacy of specific time-out parameters, such as duration, location, and handling escape. Overviews of behavioral parent training programs that include time-out are also provided. The authors then share their expertise in the use of time-out in parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT), both conceptually and by using an in-depth case study. They also thoroughly examine controversial issues related to time-out, from theoretical and practical standpoints. The appendix provides the clinician with hands-on tools: step-by-step diagrams for administering time-out and managing escape, handouts for parents about issuing effective instructions, and a list of further resources.
Geochemical Characterization of Insoluble Particle Clusters in Ice Cores Using Two‐Dimensional Impurity Imaging
Authors: Bohleber Pascal , Stoll Nicolas , Rittner Martin , Roman Marco , Weikusat Ilka , Barbante Carlo
Published: December 2022

Understanding post‐depositional processes altering the layer sequence in ice cores is especially needed to avoid misinterpretation of the oldest and most highly thinned layers. The record of soluble and insoluble impurities represents an important part of the paleoclimate proxies in ice cores but is known to be affected through interaction with the ice matrix, diffusion, and chemical reactions. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) has been recognized for its micron‐scale resolution and micro‐destructiveness in ice core impurity analysis. Employing LA‐ICP‐MS for 2D chemical imaging has already revealed a close relationship between the ice grain boundary network and impurity signals with a significant soluble component, such as Na and Mg. Here we show the latest improvements in chemical imaging with LA‐ICP‐MS, by increasing the spatial resolution to 20 μm and extending the simultaneous analysis to also mostly insoluble impurities, such as Al and Fe. All analytes reveal signals of dispersed spots in a sample of an East Greenland ice core. Based on their average size around 50–60 times larger than an average particle and their heterogeneous elemental ratios these spots are interpreted as particle clusters. To distinguish their origin, a simple colocalization classification reveals elemental ratios consistent with marine and mineral dust aerosol. Based on already existing data from cryo‐Raman spectroscopy, we discuss potential ways to integrate the two methods in a future comparison. Such a combined approach may help constraining post‐depositional changes to the dust‐related insoluble impurity components, such as cluster formation and chemical reactions at grain boundaries.
Ganymede MHD Model: Magnetospheric Context for Juno's PJ34 Flyby
Authors: Duling Stefan , Saur Joachim , Clark George , Allegrini Frederic , Greathouse Thomas , Gladstone Randy , Kurth William , Connerney John E. P. , Bagenal Fran , Sulaiman Ali H.
Published: December 2022

On 7 June 2021 the Juno spacecraft visited Ganymede and provided the first in situ observations since Galileo's last flyby in 2000. The measurements obtained along a one‐dimensional trajectory can be brought into global context with the help of three‐dimensional magnetospheric models. Here we apply the magnetohydrodynamic model of Duling et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013ja019554) to conditions during the Juno flyby. In addition to the global distribution of plasma variables we provide mapping of Juno's position along magnetic field lines, Juno's distance from closed field lines and detailed information about the magnetic field's topology. We find that Juno did not enter the closed field line region and that the boundary between open and closed field lines on the surface matches the poleward edges of the observed auroral ovals. To estimate the sensitivity of the model results, we carry out a parameter study with different upstream plasma conditions and other model parameters.