bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of pemetrexed for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma in patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yang Jieun , park Ji Eun , Jo Jaemin , Kim Young Ree , Chang Jee Won , Han Sang Hoon , Han Chi Wha
Published: April 2022

We investigated the safety and efficacy of pemetrexed monotherapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and various renal conditions, including chronic kidney disease. We also analyzed whether baseline renal function affected progression-free survival (PFS). We retrospectively analyzed 71 patients who received maintenance-and second-line pemetrexed monotherapy. Patients were divided into two groups according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): fair eGFR (>60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and lower eGFR (59 mL/min/1.73 m2 or less). The safety and efficacy were evaluated for each group. Median ages were 73.2 years in the lower eGFR group (n=28) and 64.5 years in the fair eGFR group (n=43). Patients with a lower eGFR achieved a median PFS of 4.7 months, while the median PFS for patients with a fair eGFR was 2.7 months. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.075). Both groups showed treatment-related low-grade hematological and non-hematological adverse events. Pemetrexed monotherapy is safe and effective in patients with lung adenocarcinoma with a lower eGFR.
Correlation of responsiveness to pain intensity and functional status measurements after lumbar epidural steroid injection in patients with lower back pain
Authors: Park Sun Kyung , Lee Aeryoung , Cho Suk Ju , Park Sang Hyun , Yun So Hui , Lee Bang Won , Na Changrock , Choi Yun Suk
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to examine the changes in the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) scores before and after epidural steroid injection (ESI) in patients with lower back pain, and the correlation between the three scales in patients with reduced scores on these scales. Patients completed the NRS, ODI, and RMDQ before and after receiving ESI. A paired t-test was performed to compare the mean scores obtained before and after ESI. The correlations between the scores were estimated by calculating the difference between the baseline and follow-up scores. Of the 49 patients, 37 completed both questionnaire assessments. Among them, 26 patients (70%) presented a post-ESI decrease in scores obtained on all three scales. The NRS score decreased from 6.81±1.91 points at baseline to 3.66±2.22 points at follow-up (p<0.0001); similarly, the ODI score decreased from 41.65±14.76 to 30.38±16.16 points (p=0.0025); and the RMDQ score decreased from 11.11±5.68 to 7.64±5.74 points (p=0.011). Of the 37 patients who completed the two questionnaires, 26 had reduced NRS, ODI, and RMDQ scores. The intraclass correlation coefficients between the NRS and ODI, NRS and RMDQ, and ODI and RMDQ scores were 0.7943, 0.6615, and 0.7182, respectively. The concordance correlation coefficients between the NRS and ODI, NRS and RMDQ, and ODI and RMDQ scores were 0.6020, 0.4938, and 0.5202, respectively. Among the measurements, the correlation between the NRS and ODI scores was the highest, and a moderate correlation was found between the scores obtained using the other instruments.
Terpene relationships among some soft and hard pine species
Authors: Krstic Gordana , Nikolic Biljana , Todosijevic Marina , Mitic Zorica , Stankovic-Jeremic Jovana , Cvetkovic Mirjana , Bojovic Srdjan , Marin Petar
Published: April 2022

In this study we have reported the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the needles of twelve Pinus taxa, belonging to the subgenera Pinus (sections Pinus and Trifoliae) and Strobus (sect. Quinquefoliae). Monoterpenes dominated over sesquiterpenes in most of the investigated taxa of both subgenera, except in representatives of the subsection Pinaster, subgenus Pinus. ?-Pinene was the most abundant terpene in eight pines, but other dominant terpenes were found in some taxa - trans-caryophyllene, germacrene D, abietadiene and ?-pinene. In the subsect. Pinaster, the most dominant compounds varied from species to species. In addition, P. halepensis and P. pinaster had the highest percentage of diterpenes, while P. heldreichii was the richest in germacrene D. In the PCA and cluster analyses, three species from the subsect. Pinaster emerged as the most distant: P. halepensis, P. pinaster, and P. heldreichii. In addition, the possible taxonomic implications of the terpene profile in the analysed Pinus taxa were also discussed.
Prokaryotic expression and solubilisation of Arabidopsis ROOT UVB SENSITIVE 1 from inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli
Authors: Hou Xue-Wen , Tong Hong-Yun , He Zheng-Hui
Published: April 2022

The RUS (ROOT UVB SENSITIVE 1) proteins characterized by their unique DUF647
domain are widely distributed in eukaryotes. Their functional roles are
largely unknown except for the possible involvement of Arabidopsis RUS1 and
RUS2 in early seedling development. To investigate the biochemical roles of
the RUS proteins, full length and truncated Arabidopsis RUS1 were seamlessly
fused with GFP and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pQE-100 which
allows proteins expressed with an N-terminal 6?His tag. Expression of the
full length RUS1-GFP could not be detected after adding the inducer IPTG,
while a truncated RUS1-GFP was expressed at high levels and formed inclusion
bodies in Escherichia coli. The inclusion bodies were dissolved in a
denaturing buffer, and then the truncated RUS1-GFP fusion protein in the
supernatant was bound to a Ni-NTA slurry. The bound proteins were eluted
after the non-specific binding proteins were washed away. The purified
truncated proteins were detected as a single clear band of the expected size
in SDS-PAGE, and were further confirmed by the Western blot test. Our
results suggest that the impossible expression of the full length RUS1
protein in E. coli can be expressed in truncated form, and inclusion bodies
can be effectively solubilized.
Carbon dioxide utilization: process simulation of synthetic fuel production from flue gases
Authors: Batuhan Oztemel , Salt Inci , Salt Yavuz
Published: April 2022

Environmental problems are on the rise and nowadays more climate-related, caused primarily by greenhouse gas emissions. Also, worldwide industrial emissions from power plants will cause 50% of the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere by 2035. The simulation study of the synthetic fuel production from flue gas emitted by industrial power plants uses the ChemCAD Software. The study aims to reproduce all flue gas constituents into valuable products to reduce the effects of harmful gases on the environment. The synthetic fuel produced consists of 94.75% hydrocarbons with carbon numbers ranging from 1 to 4 with a 6.59% overall conversion rate. 95% of the sulfur content in flue gas is collected by desulfurizing the fuel mixture. The membrane process also recovers 90.3% of the nitrogen gas in the flue gas. Sulfurization, Reverse Water Gas-Shift, and Fischer-Tropsch syntheses have 95%, 79%, and 98.4% single-pass conversions, respectively, with appropriate catalysts. Economic analysis is also performed, and the payback period of the project is 6.1 years, while the return-on-investment rate is 16.64%.
Low-Dose Dasiglucagon Versus Oral Glucose for Prevention of Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in People With Type 1 Diabetes: A Phase 2, Randomized, Three-Arm Crossover Study
Authors: Laugesen Christian , Ranjan Ajenthen G. , Schmidt Signe , Nørgaard Kirsten
Published: April 2022

Objective:
To compare the efficacy of low-dose subcutaneous dasiglucagon with oral glucose
for prevention of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes.

Research
Design and Methods: Twenty adults with type 1 diabetes using either multiple
daily injection or insulin pump therapy completed a phase 2, randomized, 3-arm
cross-over study. On each study visit, an individualized subcutaneous insulin
bolus was administered aiming for a plasma glucose concentration (PG) of 3.0
mmol/L (54 mg/dL). When a PG of 4.5 mmol/L (81 mg/dL) was reached, either 15 g
oral glucose from dextrose tablets (CHO), 80 µg dasiglucagon (D80)
or 120 µg dasiglucagon (D120) was administered. PG was measured
frequently for the following 180 minutes.

Results:
Hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL)) occurred in 10 participants after CHO,
in 5 after D80 and in 4 after D120 (CHO vs D80,
p=0.096; CHO vs D120, p=0.034). Time spent in hypoglycemia (<3.9
mmol/L (70 mg/dL)) was 14%, 7% and 6% for CHO, D80, and D120,
respectively (p=0.273). The median time (95%CI) from intervention to first
increase in PG of 1.1 mmol/L (20 mg/dL) was 30 (25-50), 15 (15-20) and 15
(15-20) minutes for CHO, D80 and D120 (CHO vs D80,
p=0.006; CHO vs D120, p=0.003). Episodes of nausea
were numerically, but not significantly, higher after dasiglucagon
administration. No significant differences in visual analog scale-assessed
adverse effects were observed between interventions.

Conclusions:
Low-dose dasiglucagon safely and effectively prevented insulin-induced
hypoglycemia with a faster glucose-elevating profile than oral glucose.
Glucose-Dependent miR-125b is a Negative Regulator of β-Cell Function
Authors: Cheung Rebecca , Pizza Grazia , Chabosseau Pauline , Rolando Delphine , Tomas Alejandra , Burgoyne Thomas , Wu Zhiyi , Salowka Anna , Tapa Anusha , Macklin Annabel , Cao Yufei , Nguyen-Tu Marie-Sophie , Dickerson Matthew T. , Jacobson David A. , Marchetti Piero , Shapiro James , Piemonti Lorenzo , Koning Eelco de , Leclerc Isabelle , Bouzakri Karim , Sakamoto Kei , Smith David M. , Rutter Guy A. , Martinez-Sanchez Aida
Published: April 2022

Impaired pancreatic β-cell function and insulin secretion are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that silence gene expression, vital for the development and function of β-cells. We have previously shown that β-cell specific deletion of the important energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) results in increased miR-125b-5p levels. Nevertheless, the function of this miRNA in β-cells is unclear. We hypothesized that miR-125b-5p expression is regulated by glucose and that this miRNA mediates some of the deleterious effects of hyperglycaemia in β-cells. Here we show that islet miR-125b-5p expression is up-regulated by glucose in an AMPK-dependent manner and that short-term miR-125b-5p overexpression impairs glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in the mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells and in human islets. An unbiased high-throughput screen in MIN6 cells identified multiple miR-125b-5p targets, including the transporter of lysosomal hydrolases M6pr and the mitochondrial fission regulator Mtfp1. Inactivation of miR-125b-5p in the human β-cell line EndoCβ-H1 shortened mitochondria and enhanced GSIS, whilst mice over-expressing miR-125b-5p selectively in β-cells (MIR125B-Tg) were hyperglycaemic and glucose intolerant. MIR125B-Tg β-cells contained enlarged lysosomal structures and showed reduced insulin content and secretion. Collectively, we identify miR-125b as a glucose-controlled regulator of organelle dynamics that modulates insulin secretion.
Hepatic GSK3β-dependent CRY1 Degradation Contributes to Diabetic Hyperglycemia
Authors: Kim Ye Young , Jang Hagoon , Lee Gung , Jeon Yong Geun , Sohn Jee Hyung , Han Ji Seul , Lee Won Taek , Park Jeu , Huh Jin Young , Nahmgoong Hahn , Han Sang Mun , Kim Jeesoo , Pak Minwoo , Kim Sun , Kim Jong-Seo , Kim Jae Bum
Published: April 2022

Excessive hepatic glucose production (HGP) is a key factor promoting hyperglycemia in diabetes. Hepatic cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) plays an important role in maintaining glucose homeostasis by suppressing forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1)-mediated HGP. Although downregulation of hepatic CRY1 appears to be associated with increased HGP, the mechanism(s) by which hepatic CRY1 dysregulation confers hyperglycemia in diabetic subjects is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that a reduction in hepatic CRY1 protein is stimulated by elevated E3 ligase F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (FBXL3)-dependent proteasomal degradation in diabetic mice. In addition, we found that GSK3b-induced CRY1 phosphorylation potentiates FBXL3-dependent CRY1 degradation in the liver. Accordingly, in diabetic mice, GSK3b inhibitors effectively decreased HGP by facilitating the effect of CRY1-mediated FOXO1 degradation on glucose metabolism. Collectively, these data suggest that tight regulation of hepatic CRY1 protein stability is crucial for maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis. 
Developing a unified feature-based model for L2 lexical and syntactic processing
Authors:   , Luoni Gabriele
Published: April 2022

Research on lexical processing shows that lexical representations of L2 speakers are less developed, so frequency and vocabulary size affect the way they use lexical information. Specifically, reduced access to lexical features hinders the processing system of L2 speakers from working efficiently, having an impact on their ability to build syntactic structures in a native-like manner. The present research project aims to construct and test a unified model that explains how lexical and sentence processing interact. First, it develops and validates a productive vocabulary task for L2 Italian to measure vocabulary size. The task, called I-Lex, is based on the existing LEX30 for English, and uses frequency to determine lexical knowledge. Then, adopting the formalism of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, a framework that associates all the information relevant to the grammar with the lexicon, the research project develops a model that explains the effects of lexical access on syntactic processing. The model is tested in two empirical studies on L2 speakers of Italian. The first study, using an Oral Elicited Imitation task, and the I-Lex productive vocabulary task investigates the effects of frequency and vocabulary size on cleft sentences. The second study, using the same productive vocabulary task and a Self-paced Reading task, investigates frequency and vocabulary effects on relative clauses. The results reveal that frequency and vocabulary size interact with the ability of L2 speakers to process both cleft and relative clauses, providing evidence that accessing lexical features is a crucial stage for processing syntactic structures. Based on the results, a feature-based lexical network model is constructed. The model describes how lexical access and the activation of structural links between words can be described using the same set of lexical features. In the last chapter, the model is applied to the results of the two studies.
Fractal-wave nature of the geological environment of coal formation at Donbas
Authors: Bezruchko K.A. , Pimonenko L.I. , Kargapolov A.A. , Baranovskiy V.G.
Published: April 2022

The structure investigation of the fault and folded deformations of sedimentary deposits at Donbas on various scale levels: from microdislocations to large amplitude ones is carried out. It is established that on all scale levels, the lateral frequency of the folds resulting from the wave processes caused by pulsed horizontal tectonic forces in the post-inversion period is seen. According to the parameters of natural and technogenic fault dislocations of Donbas, the authors calculated fractal dimensions for dependencies of lengths, the number of deformations, the surface area of shifters, the distance between the cracks from the scale of maps for individual mines and workings, coal beds and sandstones. The measurements were carried out on micrographs of coal particles, in mining workings, according to the geological maps of Donbas and individual districts. The distributions of fault deformations in the coalrock massif are described by lognormal and power laws, which indicates the fractality of the fault deformation of sedimentary deposits at Donbas, and the differences of fractal dimensions at various scale levels point at its multifractality. The accuracy of the obtained results is confirmed by the similarity of fractal dimensions calculated by various methods. The discrepancy between the values of fractal dimensions at the different scale levels reflects the impact of additional local or regional factors affecting the formation of the basin framework. The obtained data attest to the action of fractal-wave processes, which, being superpositioned on the resulting deposits, formed a complex structure of the sedimentary thickness of Donbas.
Division of property in case of divorce
Authors: Zhdanyuk K. G. , Polishchuk M.G.
Published: April 2022

The formalization of a marriage gives rise to new rights and responsibilities for the husband and wife. Today in Ukraine there is a large number of divorces, which, in turn, is a negative phenomenon. This raises problematic issues regarding the distribution of jointly acquired property during the cohabitation of a married couple. It is not always possible for a spouse who has expressed a desire to dissolve a marriage to voluntarily agree on the division of property without being involved in a court case. Litigation over the division of property acquired in marriage is a very popular practice and is often used in real life, as the ex-husband and wife cannot agree among themselves on who will get what property and in what quantity. Therefore, this issue requires detailed and extended study, interpretation and analysis by scientists.

Examine in detail the process of division of jointly acquired property in marriage, provide answers to problematic questions related to joint ownership, analyze controversial situations that often occur in the practice of resolving family disputes over the division of jointly acquired property during marriage.

Thus, the process of division of property between spouses is a complex, laborious and long process that requires awareness of the law. It is also worth noting that there are certain problems in the legal regulation of the division of joint joint ownership, and they require detailed analysis and study by scholars.

With divorce, that is, the termination of marriage relations, both by the legislation of Ukraine and in the regulatory acts and legislation of the EU, personal property of the spouses is not subject to separation. If a man and wife when breaking marriage entered a separate residence mode or one of them went bankrupt, the community of property may be suspended. In addition, according to the legislation of the EU, the allocation of particles in the joint property of his wife and husband can be accomplished in recognizing one of them incapacitated, in case of deprivation of one of them to own certain property, use and dispose of a certain property or inappropriate management of this property.

After divorce, a property relationship arises between a man and a woman, which is the main issue in the study of the peculiarities of family relations after divorce and termination of marriage.
Legal grounds for recognizing a marriage agreement invalid (analysis of judicial practice)
Authors: Mendzhul M. V. , Leta A. V.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the features of the legal nature and grounds for recognizing a marriage contract as invalid. It has been established that modern family law in Ukraine regulates the institution of a marriage contract in some detail, although it was enshrined in law only in 1992, after amendments to the Marriage and Family Code. First of all, its feature was that it could be concluded only before the official registration of marriage, respectively, came into force from the moment of marriage. In addition, along with the settlement of property relations, the list of which was open, the contract could regulate non-property relations of the spouses. At present, the marriage contract is regulated in more detail by the Family Code of Ukraine and does not provide for the possibility for spouses to establish personal non-property rights in it.

It is established that according to the provisions of Chapter 10 of the Family Code of Ukraine and Articles 203, 215 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, the grounds for invalidating a marriage contract may be as follows: the content of the contract contradicts the legislation of Ukraine and moral principles of society; the will of one or both spouses during the conclusion of the contract is not free and does not correspond to the internal will; the marriage contract is not aimed at the actual occurrence of the legal consequences caused by it.

The analysis of judicial practice allowed us to identify the grounds and features that the courts pay attention to when considering cases of recognition of marriage contracts as invalid, in particular: criteria of legality (legality) of the marriage contract; the content should not contradict the very essence of marriage contracts; the expression of the will of both spouses during the conclusion of the marriage contract must be free and correspond to their inner will; the marriage contract must be aimed at the actual occurrence of the legal consequences caused by it; the marriage contract cannot put one of the spouses in an extremely unfavorable financial position.

It is substantiated that the marriage contract is a bilateral transaction, which has a special subject composition, contains legal restrictions on the subject. The peculiarity of its legal nature is due to the fact that it may give rise to rights and obligations in respect of those family members who are not parties to the contract (for example, in relation to existing or future children). It is proposed to make appropriate changes to Article 103 of the Family Code of Ukraine.
Human dignity is a fundamental value fnd basis of social rights
Authors: Orlovsky O. Ya. , Bodnaruk M. I.
Published: April 2022

The article under studies is a complex analysis of the essence of the notion of human dignity” as a system-forming category that comprises the doctrine of the present-day right to social protection. It reveals the basic conceptual approaches to the notion of “human dignity” and regards the latter as an indispensable feature of a social state. Particular emphasis has been laid on the fact that the genesis of the doctrine of human dignity is traditionally associated with the ideas about human rights. It has also become the basis for natural law and universal human rights. Human dignity has a dual nature. It may be regarded as an objective phenomenon, which is common for all individuals (value, principle, the source of human rights, the latters’ essence and objectives), as well as a subjective right or interest of any person. The article distinguishes theological, philosophical and legal approaches to understanding the essence of human dignity. It ascertains that the principle of ensuring respect for human dignity is present in practically all world standards on human rights and is the most essential sample and criterion for assessing the efficiency of any social policy. Human dignity is a significant anthropological and cultural value of every human, the source of his / her right to social protection. In this respect, it is essential to comprehend the legal position of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine concerning the protection of human right to respect for human dignity, as well as to identify the main objective of a social state – to ensure each citizen’s decent standard of living. It has been accentuated that the right to respect for human dignity acquires peculiar system-forming significance within a social state, since the whole range of individual’s social rights relies on it. Person’s decent standard of living completely depends on the implementation of these rights. Within the right to social protection, it is expedient to consider the notion of “human dignity” as a fundamental value that promotes the emergence of all other values; as a basic principle of any law; as an absolute natural law; as the obligation not to encroach upon the dignity of other individuals; as a source of the entire complex of all human rights and freedoms. The article also contains the description of major features of human right to dignity: natural character; inalienability and inviolability; absoluteness; universality; social significance and dependence on socio-historical conditions of society.
Legal regulation of remote work in Ukraine: current state and prospects of development
Authors: Taran I. O. , Vasechko L. О.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the  remote form of labor organization, identification of problems and prospects for the development of legal regulation of remote employment in Ukraine. The analysis of the national legislation in this sphere is carried out, the advantages and disadvantages of the remote form of employment in modern realities of life are characterized.

It is established that today the remote work market in Ukraine is not as active as in European countries. There are various reasons for this:

- imperfection of legal regulation of the form of remote employment in Ukraine;

- non-adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to international standards;

- Insufficient awareness of the population and employers of Ukraine about the possibility of using remote forms of employment;

- unfinished legislation in matters of registration for remote work, wages, work regimes, social security, payment of taxes;

- uneven degree of development of IT technologies;

- problems of Ukrainians entering the international labor market, complex and contradictory problems of settling international relations in this area due to increasing uneven economic development of the world;

- distrust of virtual agencies and their work outside the legal framework;

- Insufficient level of information and dissemination of new information technologies and non-allocation of a set of information industries in a particular sector of the economy;

- the existence of risks of dubious employers and dishonest employees;

- problems of protection of information and results of work (viruses, hacking, theft of money).

Also, the negative factors of remote employment include a complex psychological aspect, which is that there is a loss of "live" communication with people and the lack of a certain membership in the team of colleagues.

The sphere of remote form of labor organization is not sufficiently regulated at the legislative level.

According to the results of the study, it is concluded that social relations, including social and labor, are developing more and more over time, and therefore need a clear legal regulation. This will make it possible to ensure the organization of remote employment, to determine the general mode of operation, as well as to guarantee and protect the labor rights of the remote worker. In view of this, it should be noted that the legislation of our state at a sufficient level does not regulate the issue of remote employment, it does not meet modern requirements of labor legislation and needs more and more improvement and development.
Francis Bacon’s legislative work
Authors: Gumin O. M.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the scholarly work of the eminent English thinker, statesman, and lawyer F. Bacon, aimed at improving the existing legislation and legal procedures in England.

The article states that F. Bacon, in all senior State positions, not only showed a constant interest in legal problems, but also took an active part in the implementation of legal acts in the political and legal sphere of the State.

It is stated that F. Bacon has been actively engaged in the elimination of outdated and contradictory laws and regulations and in the creation of new ones that correspond to existing socio-political and economic realities, and also served to strengthen the power of the State and the welfare of its citizens.

The article establishes that F. Bacon, in his academic and theoretical activities, not only acts as a legal theorist, but he actively participates in legislative activities as a member of Parliament in the Lower House, where he has served for many years as its recognized leader.

The thinker actively participates in trials where he acts as a lawyer. He shows great erudition and oratory talent.

It is stated that in the position of Extraordinary Crown Counsel, F. Bacon demonstrates not only high professionalism, but also political wisdom, deep insight into existing socio-political and legal issues, Flexibility in dealing with complex legal problems and the ability to forecast in depth.

It has been established that in his position as Chief Legal Officer, Crown Counsel, F. Bacon has worked intensively and creatively to assemble and draft a single Code of Laws for England. He spent many years codifying English law.

Emphasis was placed on the fact that all of F. Bacon’s theoretical, scientific and political activities were aimed at creating a legal framework that would provide a solid basis for dealing with complex socio-economic, political Moral and ethical problems and other problems, and activities aimed at providing legal support for the development of the economy, industry, agriculture, crafts and trade.

The article emphasizes that F. Bacon creatively and dialectically linked political issues, Economy and law and their implementation in legislation and law-making aimed primarily at strengthening the power and defence capability of the State, especially the active construction of naval and merchant fleets and the expansion of trade relations with other countries.

Bacon has devoted all his talent and energy to building a solid legislative framework as an important factor in solving complex problems of development of society and law.
Theoretical and legal principles of liability for violation of customs rules
Authors: Dopilka V. O. , Pavlovska I. B.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the legal nature of the concepts of "offense" and "liability" in the context of ensuring compliance with customs legislation, as customs security is the main task of customs authorities of each state, within which they must ensure the receipt of customs duties and other customs payments, to protect the national producer, to prevent the import of banned and dangerous products, to ensure compliance with the law.

In the conditions of insufficient functional capacity of state institutions, high level of corruption and development of criminogenic formations the risks and threats of destabilization of economic security of the state amplify. This leads to aggravation of the socio-economic situation in society, deterioration of the quality of life and the emergence of disparities in spatial and regional development. Strengthening the impact of destabilizing trends on the formation of economic security of the state requires the development of priority areas for its strengthening.

Combating violations of customs rules is a significant, not fully operational, tool to increase the level of economic security of the state. Issues related to the organizational and legal framework for combating violations of customs rules, in particular, the legislative consolidation of responsibility for their commission, are extremely relevant, which led to the research topic. The article counteracts the violation of customs rules is revealed through the essence of administrative and criminal liability for offenses. And it is the scientific study of the legal nature of the concepts of "responsibility" and "offense" using the method of comparing and comparing the definitions of different theorists makes it possible to consider these phenomena with the fullest study of their application to crimes committed in the customs sphere.

The formation and current state of the institution of responsibility for economic crimes is directly related to the formation and development of customs legislation. However, it retains its autonomy in this area, as it clearly defines the law enforcement focus, closely related to those areas of legislation that contain rules whose sanctions should protect legal relations in all spheres and areas of public life, ie. criminal, administrative legislation.
Grounds for reconciliation of the parties in the administrative proceedings of Ukraine
Authors: Slyvka V. V. , Slyvka M. M.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the grounds for reconciliation of the parties in the administrative proceedings of Ukraine.

It is noted that under the grounds of reconciliation in the administrative proceedings of Ukraine it is advisable to understand a set of mandatory circumstances of the actual reality, the combined presence of which allows to resolve a public law dispute through reconciliation.

It is indicated that in the administrative proceedings of Ukraine there are three groups of grounds for reconciliation of the parties:

– normative – is a system of norms of the current legislation, which regulates various aspects of reconciliation of the parties to a public law dispute;

– actual – the implementation by the parties of a public-law dispute of actions to exercise the right to conciliation on their own initiative or on the basis of a court initiative.

– procedural – these are documents drawn up (submitted, approved, validated) by the parties to a public dispute or by a judge, enabling reconciliation, as a procedure and/or as a desired result of this procedure.

It is emphasized that in addition to the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine as a normative basis for reconciliation should be considered:

1) norms of the Constitution of Ukraine;

2) acts of international law containing standards of human rights, good governance and justice.

3) special legislative acts and by-laws that contain provisions that determine the powers of public service bodies that appear as a party to a public law dispute.

It is emphasized that the procedural grounds for reconciliation in the administrative proceedings of Ukraine include:

1) a petition on the basis of which the court suspends the proceedings in the case for the period of reconciliation. The relevant petition testifies the fact that the parties of the public law dispute reached an agreement on an attempt to reconcile.

2) a statement of reconciliation;

3) a decision approving the terms of reconciliation, which takes place when there are all the conditions (absence of negative conditions), as well as factual and regulatory grounds, after which the proceedings are closed and the parties consider that they have reconciled.
Official authority exceeding by private security agencies employees: foreign experience and prospects for its borrowing
Authors: Syiploki M. V.
Published: April 2022

The article considers the grounds for criminal liability for exceeding of official authority by employees of private security agencies in the performance of their duties. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of considering the issue of liability for harm to life and health of citizens in the implementation of security activities. It is established that in the criminal legislation of Ukraine there is no separate criminal offense which provides liability of security guards for power’ excess at implementation of professional activity.

The foreign experience of the countries in the issue of criminal liability for exceeding the powers by employees of private and public security agencies has been resolved, is analyzed there. The criminal legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Moldova, the Kyrgyz Republic, Turkmenistan, Estonia is considered. It is stated that in the criminal legislation of Western Europe and America there are no separate rules on the liability of private security guards or detectives.

It is concluded that it is necessary to criminalize the excess of power by employees of private and public security agencies in the current Criminal Code of Ukraine with the borrowing of foreign experience. It is hoped that the working group on the development of criminal law, which is working on a draft of a new Criminal Code of Ukraine, taking into account the norms of international law, will determine the importance of criminalizing the power excessing by employees of private and public security agencies.
Protection of the Right to Personal Life in the Practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of Ukraine
Authors: Stadnyk I.
Published: April 2022

The central value of constitutionalism is human rights, the process of their protection is one of the  most important elements of the legitimization of state power. The article examines the practice of the Constitutional  Court, the ECHR on the protection of human rights to private life. The features of the protection of the constitutional  right to privacy are highlighted taking into account the fact that the process of constitutional protection of human  rights is considered both from a formal point of view through the analysis of specific constitutional norms, and in  the context of how real they are, how effective their protection is in everyday legal life.

The article draws the following conclusions. The positions of the Constitutional Court also correspond with the  established legal positions of the ECHR regarding the fact that guaranteeing obliges the state not only to proclaim,  declare theoretical or illusory rights and freedom, but also to ensure the practicality and effectiveness of rights, the  possibility of their implementation. Accordingly, the main objectives of the ECHR are to ensure and develop the  ideals and values of a democratic society, to ensure real, practical, effective human rights, respectively, in this con- text of the constitution, the basic laws of European states should first of all express a balanced distribution of powers  between the holders of power and their positive and negative responsibilities to ensure human rights.

The ECHR still does not give a clear definition of «private life», deliberately avoiding attempts of this kind, only  identifies certain aspects of the concept and prefers (as a rule) focusing on a specific issue. Similarly, the CCU notes  the impossibility of defining absolutely all types of behavior of an individual in the spheres of personal life, since  personal rights are part of natural human rights, which are not exhaustive.

The article proves that, taking into account the Ukrainian constitutional doctrine, the legal positions of the Con- stitutional Court and the ECHR, firstly, it is advisable to interpret the content of constitutional human rights not  through the letter of the law, but through its spirit; consideration of the process of constitutional protection of human  rights in the context of reality, practicality and efficiency. Secondly, such an independent method of protection as  the termination of an action that violates the right is not sufficient to protect the constitutional right to privacy, the  principle of respect for privacy must necessarily include the need for adequate compensation in the event that such  violation (interference) occurs arbitrarily or contrary to the law.
The essence of somatic human rights in the process of biomedical research: historiographical principles
Authors: Gromovchuk M. V. , Kozodaev S. P.
Published: April 2022

It is determined that in order to create a reliable modern scientific foundation for understanding the essence of somatic human rights in the process of biomedical research, a historical digression into the specifics of research of a legal issue of constitutional and legal bases of consolidation of certain somatic rights, selection of certain research priorities and previously existing and current legislation was formed. This will highlight certain trends in the development of both legal doctrine and rule-making activities, the result of which is a radical improvement of current legislation of Ukraine, including codified content, to outline certain issues while clarifying ways to solve them in different historical periods. to avoid negative in the future and borrow positive experiences. Taking into account the historical experience of doctrinal research of certain legal phenomena, scientists say, allows to form a perfect modern scientific basis for improving the constitutional and legal status of a legal institution.

It is pointed out that the history of formation and development of the mechanism of realization and protection of somatic human rights is an integral part of the historical and legal process. The study of positive experiences in this field, which has deep historical roots and is closely linked to socio-economic and political processes, is important for both theory and practice. An integral element of scientific intelligence of any level and direction is a thorough source base, critical analysis and systematization of which is the primary task of a true scientist. This is what makes it possible to carry out objective and impartial research in the field of jurisprudence, as modern scholars emphasize.
Immune-related therapeutics: an update on antiviral drugs and vaccines to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mir Iqra , Aamir Sania , Shah Syed Rizwan Hussain , Shahid Muhammad , Amin Iram , Afzal Samia , Nawaz Amjad , Khan Muhammad Umer , Idrees Muhammad
Published: April 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic rapidly spread globally. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus with a reported fatality rate ranging from 1% to 7%, and people with immune-compromised conditions, children, and older adults are particularly vulnerable. Respiratory failure and cytokine storm-induced multiple organ failure are the major causes of death. This article highlights the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms of host cells activated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible therapeutic approaches against COVID-19. Some potential drugs proven to be effective for other viral diseases are under clinical trials now for use against COVID-19. Examples include inhibitors of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin), viral protein synthesis (ivermectin, lopinavir/ritonavir), and fusion of the viral membrane with host cells (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, nitazoxanide, and umifenovir). This article also presents the intellectual groundwork for the ongoing development of vaccines in preclinical and clinical trials, explaining potential candidates (live attenuated-whole virus vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA-based vaccines, protein-based vaccines, nanoparticle-based vaccines, virus-like particles and mRNA-based vaccines). Designing and developing an effective vaccine (both prophylactic and therapeutic) would be a long-term solution and the most effective way to eliminate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Analysis of regional differentiation by digital and innovation processes
Authors: Grachev S. A.
Published: April 2022

The article considers the problem of assessing the processes of digitalization in regional socio>economic systems. The formation of the approach to analysis was formed from the hypothesis of the continuity of two spheres: digitalization and science. The assessment tool was formed on the basis of objective statistical data presented in official statistics. As part of the work, indicators were formed designed to comprehensively describe both voiced areas. The approbation was carried out in the context of the subjects of the Central Federal District for the period 2014–2020. A graphical interpretation of the obtained results based on the construction of scattering diagrams was also proposed. As a result, aggregates of regions were identified according to the obtained values of the formed indicators.
The concept and essence of financial reporting as the main source of information on the results of the enterprise’s business activities
Authors: Talibova A. F. , Moskalenko N. V. , Sharonina T. N.
Published: April 2022

Against the background of the development of economic relations in Russia, the requirements for the financial statements of the organization are currently increasing. The reporting information provides an overview of the financial position and results of the organization in order to improve the efficiency of business decisions. The directions of further development of the accounting and reporting system are disclosed in the concept of the development of accounting and reporting in the Russian Federation for the medium term. In many ways, the quality of accounting and reporting information is determined by principles that not only form the theoretical basis, but also provide practical guidance for action. Key financial indicators depend on their use; they serve as a basis for creating reliable information that is as clear as possible to a wide range of users.
Kuwait Economy: Opportunity, Potential, Recovery (Expectation vs Reality)
Authors: Babenkova S. Yu.
Published: April 2022

Kuwait is a fairly rich country in which citizens have a very high per capita income. After a modest recovery in 2018, Kuwait’s economic growth slowed to 0,4% in 2019 as oil production declined and global hydrocarbon prices fell as a result. In 2020, the country’s economic growth falls to the mark (–8,1%), while IMF analysts predict a recovery in growth to 0.7% in 2021 and to 3,2% in 2022.Years of low oil prices have forced the government of Kuwait to almost use up its cash reserves, while the brewing political standoff has prevented it from borrowing on international markets. Kuwait provides a comfortable existence for 90% of local citizens who receive government wages, along with generous benefits and subsidies, from cheap electricity and gasoline to free health care and education. However, the COVID–19 pandemic, falling oil prices and a liquidity crisis forced the government to speak seriously about the crisis in the country for the first time. Thus, the Minister of Finance of Kuwait announced that soon the government would not be able to pay salaries, and the Central Bank of Kuwait in its reports indicated that the country’s budget deficit could reach 40% of GDP, which is the highest since financial losses as a result of Iraq’s invasion in 1990 and the subsequent Gulf War.