bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the Healing Effect of Topical Jayanti (Tridax procumbens) Cream versus Topical Lignocaine with Nifedipine Cream in Parikartika (Acute Fissure-in Ano): A protocol for Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Bobade Shubham , Asutkar Sheetal
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Fissure-in-ano are a notably prevalent anorectal condition, primarily associated with ulcers and raised anal sphincter spasm. The management options largely focus on promoting wound healing and reducing anal spasm. Medical treatment, which includes a fibre-rich diet and sitz baths, results in the healing of nearly half of the fissure-in-ano. The ulcer of the anal canal is the presenting complaint in this condition. Topical Ayurvedic medicine can be utilised to heal such ulcers.

Need of the Study: A review of the literature suggests that T. procumbens exhibits potent wound healing, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, procoagulant and immunomodulatory properties. Given that an acute fissure-inano presents as an ulcer in the anal canal, this study proposes. the use of T. procumbens for its management.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Jayanti (T. procumbens) cream versus topical Lignocaine and Nifedipine cream in the treatment.

Materials and Methods: A single-blind, double-arm comparative randomised control trial will be conducted at the Department of Shalyatantra, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurveda College Hospital and Research Centre (MGACHRC), Salod Hirapur (H), Maharashtra, India, from April 2023 to November 2024, with 70 subjects enrolled. In the control group, topical Lignocaine and Nifedipine cream will be applied, while in the interventional group, topical Jayanti (T. procumbens) cream will be applied to the acute fissure-in-ano. The evaluation parameters, including wound healing, anal spasm, per rectal bleeding, pain and itching, will be assessed.
Comparative Assessment of 0.5% Levobupivacaine and 0.5% Ropivacaine for Anaesthetic Potency in Mandibular Third Molar Extractions: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Surolia Prachi , Kambala Rajanikanth , Bhola Nitin , Agarwal Anchal
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Patients often experience postoperative pain for more than 24 hours after the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. This has led to the consideration of using longacting anaesthetic drugs to alleviate patients’ discomfort. However, there is no conclusive evidence comparing the anaesthetic efficacy of long-acting anaesthetic drugs such as Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine in impacted mandibular third molar surgery. To address this gap, a study was conducted to compare these two drugs in the context of oral and maxillofacial surgery for third molar extraction.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the anaesthetic effectiveness of 0.5% Levobupivacaine and 0.5% Ropivacaine in impacted mandibular third molar surgery.

Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomised, triple-blind trial was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxiilofacial Surgery at Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra, India from November 2023 to May 2024 on 60 healthy patients, aged 18-40 years, who required extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar, were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups; Group A and B were anaesthetised locally using 0.5% Levobupivacaine, and 0.5% Ropivacaine, respectively. The study assessed and compared latency, depth of anaesthesia, and time to rescue analgesia. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Student’s unpaired t-test for intergroup comparison and Fisher’s-exact test to assess the non random association between two categorical variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant for interpreting the results.

Results: The mean age of subjects in the study sample was 27.26±6.13 years in Group B and 27.23±5.24 years in Group A. The study found that Levobupivacaine demonstrated a faster onset of anaesthesia (104.06 seconds) compared to Ropivacaine (192.33 seconds), with a significant difference (p=0.0001). Both Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine showed similar efficacy in achieving the depth of anaesthesia during surgery, with no statistically significant difference observed (p=1.00). The Levobupivacaine group exhibited a longer time to rescue analgesia (656.50 minutes) compared to the Ropivacaine group (501.83 minutes), with a statistically significant difference (p=0.0001).

Conclusion: A 0.5% Levobupivacaine provides a quicker onset of anaesthesia and a longer duration of pain relief compared to 0.5% Ropivacaine, with a comparable depth of anaesthesia in both groups. Clinicians could consider using 0.5% Levobupivacaine to provide early onset of anaesthesia, prolonged pain relief, and greater postoperative comfort for the patients.
Mental Health Literacy among Accredited Social Health Activists in a Community Development Block, West Bengal, India: A Mixed-method Study
Authors: Moulik Ankita , Ghosh Santanu , Samanta Amrita
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Mental health disorders significantly impact global health, yet they remain a low priority in many Low-and-MiddleIncome Countries (LMICs), including India. The role of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) is crucial in bridging the gaps in Mental Health Literacy (MHL) care.

Aim: To assess the MHL of ASHAs and to determine any association between MHL scores and the socio-economic and socio-demographic determinants of the study participants.

Materials and Methods: This mixed-method study was conducted in the Barrackpore II block of the North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, India between July and September 2023. A cross-sectional descriptive approach was used for the quantitative segment, while two Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted for the qualitative component. The sample size was 67, selected by simple random sampling. Socio-economic and socio-demographic data were collected using a standardised validated questionnaire, and MHL data were gathered using the revised Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) questionnaire. FGDs were conducted using a pretested, predesigned FGD guide. Data were analysed using Jamovi (v2.4.8). An Independent samples t-test was performed, with p-value <0.05 considered significant.

Results: The mean age of participants was 37±13.5 years, with 70.1% being Hindus and 47.8% being unreserved. The MHL score ranged from 50 to 115. The Independent samples t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in means between the two age groups (less than 38 years vs. 38 years or older). There was also a statistically significant difference in MHL scores between the two caste categories (p-value=0.006) and among different years of work experience (p-value <0.001). FGDs revealed low mental health awareness among ASHAs and villagers.

Conclusion: The MHL status of ASHAs was low, mainly due to a lack of training. Further research and training for healthcare workers are needed to improve MHL.
DUS Characterization in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Germplasm
Authors: Sakthivel K , Nageswari K , Senthamizh K , Vijayageetha V , Sivaji M
Published: January 2025

Extensive diversity exists in cultivated brinjal in terms of its agro-morphological  traits. Comprehensive field surveys were performed and sixteen pure, local types of brinjal accessions were collected and evaluated. The aim of present study was to assess the nature of genetic variation for qualitative characters in brinjal and to identify most  promising genotypes for utilization in crop improvement programmes. Sixteen qualitative characters were subjected to evaluation as per DUS guidelines. Variations were recorded for most of the characters such as flower colour (purple/white/green); presence or absence of spines on leaves, calyx,; calyx colour (purple/green); varying fruit shape such as elongated (ellipsoid and cylindrical), round (globular, ovoid and obovate) and oval (pear and club shaped). The present study documented the brinjal genetic resources for the east coastal regions of Tamilnadu which are under cultivation in these regions for further evaluation and utilization in crop improvement programs.
Attenuating Ketamine-Induced Nephrotoxicity with Bryophyllum pinnatum Extract: Biochemical and Histological Investigation
Authors: Uahomo Precious Ojo , Isirima Joshua Charles
Published: January 2025

Background: Ketamine, a widely used anesthetic agent, has been shown to induce nephrotoxicity, characterized by increased kidney function markers and structural damage. Despite its therapeutic applications, the adverse effects of ketamine on the kidneys necessitate the exploration of potential protective agents. Bryophyllum pinnatum (B. pinnatum), an herbal plant with a long history of medicinal use, has demonstrated various therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and nephroprotective effects. However, its role in mitigating ketamine-induced kidney damage remains inadequately explored.
Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were assigned to six groups. Group 1 served as the control, while Group 2 received ketamine (20 mg/kg) for 7 days to induce renal toxicity. Groups 3-6 were treated with ketamine plus different doses of B. pinnatum extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for 21 days. Biochemical markers, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, urea, sodium (Na), and potassium (K), were measured, and histopathological evaluations were conducted on kidney tissues.
Results: Ketamine administration significantly increased BUN (11.50±0.17 mg/dL), creatinine (100.00±2.89 µmol/L), urea (43.00±2.08 mg/dL), Na (164.00±4.16 mmol/L), and K (2.83±0.34 mmol/L) compared to controls (p<0.05). Treatment with B. pinnatum at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced these biomarkers, with the highest dose showing values near control levels (BUN: 5.33±0.24 mg/dL, creatinine: 64.67±4.26 µmol/L, urea: 12.23±0.15 mg/dL, Na: 131.00±0.58 mmol/L, K: 1.10±0.07 mmol/L, p<0.05). Histologically, B. pinnatum treatment attenuated ketamine-induced renal damage, with marked improvements in tissue architecture. Conclusion: B. pinnatum exhibited significant nephroprotective effects, as evidenced by the reduction of kidney function biomarkers and improved histological features, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent in managing ketamine-induced renal toxicity.
(DES)IGUALDADE DE GÊNERO E A AGENDA 2030
Authors: Rodrigues Laís
Published: January 2025

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar criticamente o marco da (des)igualdade de gênero da Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, representado, em especial, pelo Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 5 (ODS5). O trabalho está centrado na análise de duas questões centrais: (1) Quais são as premissas por trás das representações do ‘problema’ (i.e.: desigualdade de gênero) e da ‘solução’ (i.e.: igualdade de gênero) propostos pela Agenda 2030 e ODS 5? (2) Quais são os silenciamentos que decorrem dessas premissas e desse entendimento específico de (des)igualdade de gênero? Ao longo da análise deste trabalho, argumenta-se que a Agenda 2030 reproduz – mesmo que parcialmente – premissas de sistemas dominantes-opressores, apesar de suas narrativas aparentemente contra-hegemônicas que prometem transformação a nível global. Desta forma, pessoas/grupos que sofrem opressões de gênero ou relacionadas/interseccionadas a gênero, têm escolhas limitadas: ou são oprimid@s por suas próprias realidades, ou estão em uma situação na qual sua ‘salvação’ é imposta com paradigmas dominantes que criam/perpetuam outras formas de opressão e violência.
VÍTIMAS E ALGOZES
Authors: Santos de Menezes Moisés
Published: January 2025

Este artigo centra-se na identificação e análise da presença do habitus cis-heteronormativo das vítimas e algozes de crimes de ódio com motivações homofóbicas e transfóbicas, através do estudo de 29 denúncias de Inquéritos Criminais dos Departamentos de Investigação Criminal – DIAP, oficializadas nas Forças de Segurança Pública e no Poder Judiciário, investigados pela Polícia Judiciária – PJ em Portugal, entre os anos de 2015 e 2020. O caminho metodológico utilizado pautou-se em uma análise quantitativa, descritiva e documental centrada teoricamente no conceito de habitus, de Pierre Bourdieu (1996; 1989) e em autores que discutem violência homotransfóbica, segurança pública e diversidade sexual e de gênero. Como resultados, observa-se que os lugares definidos entre vítimas e/ou algozes nas situações de violências analisadas são heterogéneos, uma vez que a homofobia e a transfobia são reproduzidas transversalmente através do habitus cis-heteronormativo socio-historicamente construído. A homossexualidade, a bissexualidade e as identidades trans ainda são estigmatizadas enquanto pecado, crime e/ou doença. Este cenário só pode ser desconstruído quando consideramos o caráter estrutural e estruturante destas violências que necessita do protagonismo de todos os agentes sociais e instituições neste processo. Contexto este que carece de mudanças para muito além do que se pode operar a partir de políticas de segurança pública e do poder judiciário.
ANÁLISE DA AUTONOMIA E DO CONSENTIMENTO NA PRÁTICA DO CASAMENTO INFANTIL NO BRASIL
Authors: Carvalho Nogues Nicolly
Published: January 2025

O Brasil está entre os cinco países com os maiores índices de casamento infantil no mundo, prática caracterizada por uniões semelhantes ao casamento em que pelo menos um dos envolvidos tem menos de 18 anos. Essa se trata de uma prática que leva a diversas violações de direitos de jovens meninas, como evasão escolar, dependência financeira e agravamento de situações de violência doméstica. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é abordar questões como autonomia e consentimento da menina inserida nessa espécie de relação, levando em consideração aspectos como relações de poder, direitos humanos e teoria da proteção integral. Com isso, a pesquisa busca promover uma maior conscientização sobre o tema tanto na academia quanto no campo jurídico. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, que utiliza análise documental e bibliográfica. Constatou-se que a escolha pelo casamento das meninas inseridas nessa relação é condicionada por dois fatores principais: desigualdade de gênero e pobreza, aspectos que, assim como limitam suas possibilidades, também afetam diretamente a forma como essa decisão é tomada, de forma a enfraquecer a sua autonomia.
Henri Lefebvre e o método regressivo-progressivo
Authors: Prado Prado do
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo sublinha a relevância do método regressivo-progressivo proposto no bojo da profícua e ampla produção intelectual de Henri Lefebvre. A exploração crítica que o autor efetua da noção marxiana de formação econômico-social possibilita, ao empregar o método regressivo-progressivo, romper com a prepotência das leituras unidimensionais que elegem a pretensa unitemporalidade do capitalismo, desvelando o desenvolvimento desigual e a superposição de tempos que caracterizam a dinâmica social, tanto em organizações capitalistas centrais, a exemplo da sociedade francesa, como em sociedades de modernidade inconclusa, como a sociedade brasileira. Fundamentado na leitura direta de parcela da obra lefebvriana e em escritos de inúmeros estudiosos, o texto apresenta quatro seções, além da introdução e da conclusão: num primeiro momento, informações biográficas e bibliográficas; num segundo estágio, categorias analíticas fundamentais empregadas pelo pensador marxista; a definição do método regressivo-progressivo e; posteriormente, a aplicação do método, efetuada pelo pensador francês, em um de seus clássicos estudos sobre a sociedade urbana. Transposto o percurso, atenta-se, na conclusão, a prodigalidade do método progressivo-regressivo e a necessidade de maior divulgação da perspectiva teórico-metodológica lefebvriana na sociologia brasileira.
materialismo histórico como fundação da ciência social
Authors: Silveira Camano Fernando Henrique
Published: January 2025

O artigo visa esclarecer as posições principais do filósofo marxista franco-argelino Louis Althusser acerca da fundamentação filosófica do método de Marx. Althusser foi um dos principais expoentes da filosofia marxista no ocidente no âmbito do leninismo. Para isso, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica de algumas das principais obras althusserianas, focando na primeira fase de sua obra – considerada mais radical –, bem como de alguns dos continuadores de sua abordagem e de comentadores. Iniciamos o artigo com uma breve contextualização e cronologização da obra de Althusser. Em seguida, passamos à análise do pensamento althusseriano: sua periodização do pensamento marxiano, sua interpretação da crítica marxiana ao hegelianismo e à antropologia filosófica, sua concepção de prática, a prática teórica e, finalmente, o funcionamento desta última como método científico. Concluímos que, para o franco-argelino, a filosofia marxista representa uma epistemologia histórica da prática teórica engendrada pela própria revolução científica do materialismo histórico que fundou a ciência da história – ciência social – e avançou o conhecimento sobre o processo da prática humana – cuja principal é o trabalho – e, em troca, tal filosofia pode esclarecer e orientar a prática científica ao enuncia-la teoricamente. O materialismo histórico funda a ciência da história ao apresentar as bases da sociedade e da prática humana, e atravessa todas as compartimentações das ciências burguesas, sendo intrinsecamente “transdisciplinar” e “interseccional” – dialético – e superando cismas metodológicos qualitativos e quantitativos.
Redes de gestão urbana público privadas
Authors: Díaz Mosquera Carlos Andrés
Published: January 2025

Este artigo apresenta reflexões teórico-metodológicas que atravessaram a produção da tese de doutorado intitulada “Para quem é a cidade? Redes de gestão público-privadas nas reformas urbanas dos centros históricos de Salvador (Brasil) e Cali (Colômbia)”. Este artigo se debruça sobre as lógicas das redes socioinstitucionais construídas entre os agentes urbanos envolvidos nas reformas urbanas dos centros históricos de Salvador e de Cali. Foram analisados três programas: o “Programa Revitalizar” da reforma urbana contemplada no projeto “Salvador 360°”, da Prefeitura, o “Programa Revive”, do Governo da Bahia, e o Projeto “Cidade Paraíso: um centro para todos”, na cidade de Cali, gerenciado pela Empresa municipal de Renovação Urbana (Emru). Metodologicamente, o estudou se baseou na análise empírica das redes público-privadas de gerenciamento urbano. A partir dessa perspectiva, foi possível identificar em cada caso um conjunto de alianças, estratégias e coalizões que visaram a modernização, recuperação, revitalização e renovação dos respectivos centros urbanos. Nessa linha de argumentação, o artigo ressalta a importância de estudos empíricos e comparativos na sociologia urbana que possibilitem identificar tendências continentais da gestão urbana, assim como os diversos conflitos que surgem ao redor do uso do solo urbano. Conclui-se que a participação nas redes de gestão urbana depende da posse de capital e do nível de articulação política dentro das instituições públicas e privadas envolvidas. Como consequência, essas redes tendem a excluir moradores, pequenos comerciantes e empresários que não possuem os recursos financeiros ou a influência política necessários.
Comparing The Physiological Function Of Insects And Humans To Explain Their Behavior.
Authors: Sabit Falah Abood , Aljuboory Ahmed Bakir
Published: January 2025

Contrary to the common case When specialists in the field of plant protection talk about insect damage, we will
show the important role played by other organisms, Insects have an essential role in pollination, pest control,
nutrient cycling, decomposition, and maintenance of ecological balance and health. They are adaptable and have
a wide range of genetic diversity, which is driving the growing role of insects in the advancement of some scientific
disciplines and in particular their ideal role for studying In the experimental field, drug toxicity, treatments, and
interventions for some serious diseases such as cancer, Parkinson's disease.
They share physiological similarities with humans, being like 60% of the DNA code of fruit flies. Both have
functions such as the central nervous system, heart, digestive system, reproductive organs, and behavior
regulation mechanisms.
And evidence of awareness of human-like insects through interaction with their biotic and abiotic surroundings, and understanding their physiological functions, can provide insight into their behavior in different situations.
Economic, Social And Environmental Indicators Of Medicinal, Aromatic And Condimental Crops In Brazil
Authors: Sesso Patrícia Pompermayer , Filho Umberto Antonio Sesso , Esteves Emerson Guzzi Zuan , Junior Carlos Alberto Gonçalves , Lopes Ricardo Luís
Published: January 2025

Medicinal, aromatic and spice crops play a fundamental role in communities' economic, social, cultural, and
ecological spheres. Currently, the most important uses are in the pharmaceutical, perfume, cosmetics,
toothpaste, soap, beverage, and food industries. This study aims to estimate the economic, social, and
environmental impacts of Brazil's medicinal, aromatic, and spice crops production sector. Specifically, it
intends to calculate indicators based on the input-output matrix of the research's focus sector and other
agricultural sectors for comparative analysis regarding job creation, income, taxes, carbon dioxide, blue water
consumption, and its intersectoral linkage indexes. The increase of one million dollars in final demand in the
Medicinal, Aromatic, and Spice Crops sector generates around 1.15 million dollars in production, 920,000
dollars in income and 16.85 job positions, showing economic and social importance with the greatest direct
effect on production in the countryside (over 80%). From an environmental point of view, the same amount of
final demand generates 5.5 kt of CO2eq and consumes 447,000 cubic meters, relatively high values compared to
the other agricultural sectors listed in the study. Therefore, the sector presents challenges in developing
sustainable techniques to reduce blue water consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, the
intersectoral linkage indexes indicate the low use of inputs and the use of the sector's products as raw materials
by other industrial sectors capable of earning value to the production chain. Developing the medicinal,
aromatic, and spice crops sector requires new production techniques to increase productivity sustainably, and investment policies are needed. The trend towards consuming natural and healthy products encourages using raw materials in industrial processes, earning value for the production chain.
Bibliographic Analysis Of The Main Challenges And Opportunities Of Green Hydrogen Production (H2V) In Brazil And Worldwide
Authors: Ponte Leonardo Pereira , Gomes Rickardo Léo Ramos
Published: January 2025

Background: In the global context of the energy transition, the production of green hydrogen (H2V) has emerged
as a promising alternative. H2V, produced through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources, is a
key means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and advancing towards a more sustainable energy matrix.
Materials and Methods: This research adopted a qualitative approach with the aim of understanding the main
challenges and opportunities in H2V production both in Brazil and globally. The research method involved a
bibliographic review, examining 17 sources of scientific knowledge.
Results: The overall objective of this study is to analyze the key challenges and opportunities associated with
H2V production in Brazil and on a global scale, based on a comprehensive bibliographic review of the scientific
and technical literature on the topic. The study identifies trends, technological, economic, and regulatory
barriers, as well as the potential for implementing this sustainable energy source.
Conclusion: This study aims to demonstrate that H2V can become a relevant solution to support the achievement of global climate targets and the socioeconomic development of nations with a more renewable energy matrix. By identifying opportunities and challenges, this study establishes a foundation for future investigations into incentive policies, technological improvements, and the integration of this energy into the global matrix.
Integração De Aprendizado De Máquina E Sustentabilidade: Análise Da Produtividade Agrícola Com O Modelo Random Forest
Authors: Vasconcelos Eduardo Silva
Published: January 2025

O estudo explora o uso de aprendizado de máquina para prever a produtividade agrícola e avaliar os impactos
ambientais das práticas de manejo. Utilizando o modelo Random Forest, a pesquisa analisou um conjunto de
dados abrangendo variáveis como área cultivada, uso de água, pesticidas e fertilizantes. O objetivo principal foi
identificar os fatores mais influentes na produtividade e propor estratégias que conciliem eficiência produtiva e
sustentabilidade. Os resultados destacaram Farm_Area (28,40%) e Water_Usage (27,48%) como as variáveis
mais relevantes, reforçando a importância do manejo eficiente de terra e recursos hídricos. No entanto, o modelo
apresentou limitações no desempenho, com um coeficiente de determinação negativo (R² = -0,30), sugerindo
desafios relacionados à representatividade dos dados e à ausência de variáveis adicionais, como características
do solo e dados climáticos. As métricas de avaliação, incluindo MAE e MSE, indicaram a necessidade de ajustes
e refinamento do modelo para melhorar sua precisão. O estudo conclui que, embora o Random Forest seja uma
ferramenta promissora, avanços são necessários para ampliar sua aplicabilidade. Recomenda-se a inclusão de
dados mais abrangentes e a adoção de técnicas complementares de aprendizado de máquina. Este trabalho
oferece contribuições relevantes ao setor agrícola, propondo uma abordagem científica e tecnológica para melhorar a eficiência produtiva e promover a sustentabilidade em face dos desafios globais de segurança alimentar e mudanças climáticas
Hydrochemical Characteristics And Heavy Metal Concentrations In Groundwater Around Active Solid Wastes Dumpsites In Rumueme And Elijiji Communities In Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: I. A Ejewuke , T. J. K Ideriah , S. N Awolo
Published: January 2025

Levels of Physicochemical and Heavy Metal properties of groundwater and soil samples in parts of Obio/Akpor
LGA, Rivers State, were assessed in this study. Heavy Metals were determined using Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer, The results for groundwater showed maximum mean levels of Lead (0.209±0.281 mg/L),
Chromium (1.904±1.542 mg/L) and Nickel (0.185±0.119 mg/L).. Chromium and Lead levels were above standard
limits (0.05 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L respectively) in most stations. Plot of the Piper diagram revealed that the
groundwater had sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and mixed water types across the sample stations, while
the Durov diagram suggested that ion dissolution and mixing/uncommon dissolution processes governed the groundwater types. The study recommends that regular monitoring of activities around dump sites should be done routinely and strict environmental laws governing waste disposal be enacted and enforced
Upstream charged and hydrophobic residues impact the timing of membrane insertion of transmembrane helices
Authors: Nicolaus Felix , Ibrahimi Fatima , den Besten Anne , von Heijne Gunnar
Published: January 2022

During SecYEG‐mediated cotranslational insertion of membrane proteins, transmembrane helices (TMHs) first make contact with the membrane when their N‐terminal end is ~ 45 residues away from the peptidyl transferase centre. However, we recently uncovered instances where the first contact is delayed by up to ~ 10 residues. Here, we recapitulate these effects using a model TMH fused to two short segments from the Escherichia coli inner membrane protein BtuC: a positively charged loop and a re‐entrant loop. We show that the critical residues are two Arg residues in the positively charged loop and four hydrophobic residues in the re‐entrant loop. Thus, both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions involving sequence elements that are not part of a TMH can impact the way the latter behaves during membrane insertion.
Overactivation of the androgen receptor exacerbates gravid uterine ferroptosis via interaction with and suppression of the NRF2 defense signaling pathway
Authors: Hu Min , Zhang Yuehui , Lu Lingjing , Zhou Yu , Wu Denghui , Brännström Mats , Shao Linus R. , Billig Håkan
Published: January 2022

The mechanisms through which the androgen‐dependent activation of the androgen receptor (AR) regulates gravid uterine ferroptosis remain unknown. We show that while co‐exposure of pregnant rats to the androgen 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and insulin (INS) triggered uterine ferroptotic signaling cascades, additional treatment with the anti‐androgen flutamide increased expression of the key ferroptosis‐inhibitory proteins SLC7A11, GSH, and GPX4; reduced iron content; normalized levels of ferroptosis‐associated Tfrc, Fpn1, and Ho1 mRNAs; reduced levels of proteins modified by 4‐HNE (a marker of ferroptosis); and restored protein levels of NRF2, a key transcription factor regulating antioxidant defense signaling, in the gravid uterus. Furthermore, exposure to DHT alone increased uterine ferroptosis, and NRF2 abundance was negatively correlated with AR status. Co‐immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays revealed that the AR physically interacted with endogenous NRF2, and this interaction was increased by DHT exposure in vivo. Our results suggest that AR overactivation and NRF2 suppression cooperate in the regulation of NRF2‐targets in uterine ferroptosis.
Incidence and Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis Using Codified and Narrative Data From Electronic Health Records: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Arslan Ilgin G. , Damen Jurgen , de Wilde Marcel , van den Driest Jacoline J. , Bindels Patrick J. E. , van der Lei Johan , Schiphof Dieuwke , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. A.
Published: January 2022

Objective

To determine the incidence and prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) using codified and narrative data from general practices throughout The Netherlands.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Integrated Primary Care Information database. Patients with codified knee OA were selected, and an algorithm was developed to identify patients with narratively diagnosed knee OA only. Point prevalence proportions and incidence rates among people age ≥30 years were assessed from 2008 to 2019. The association of comorbidities with codified knee OA was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

The positive predicted value of narratively diagnosed knee OA only was 94.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 87.4–100%) and for codified knee OA 96.0% (95% CI 90.6–100%). Including narrative data in addition to codified data resulted in a prevalence 1.83–2.01 times higher (over the study years); prevalence increased from 5.8% to 11.8% between 2008 and 2019. The incidence rate was 1.93–2.28 times higher and increased from 9.98 per 1,000 person‐years to 13.8 per 1,000 person‐years between 2008 and 2019. Among patients with codified knee OA, 39.4% were previously diagnosed narratively with knee OA, on average ~3 years earlier. Comorbidities influenced the likelihood of being recorded with codified knee OA.

Conclusion

Our study of a Dutch primary care database showed that current incidence and prevalence estimates based on codified data alone from electronic health records are underestimated. Narrative data can be incorporated in addition to codified data to identify knee OA patients more accurately.
Stabilization of Metastable Halide Perovskite Lattices in the 2D Limit
Authors: Fu Yongping
Published: January 2022

Metal halide perovskites constitute a new class of semiconductors that are structurally tailorable, exhibiting rich structural polymorphs. In this perspective, the polymorphism in lead halide perovskites is described—a material system currently used for high‐performance photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Strategies for stabilizing the metastable perovskite polymorphs based on crystal size reduction and surface functionalization are critically reviewed. Focus is on an unprecedented stabilization of metastable perovskite lattices in the 2D limit (e.g., with a thickness down to a few unit cells) due to the dominance of surface effects. This stabilization allows the incorporation of various A‐cations that deemed oversized for 3D perovskites into the 2D perovskite lattices, which bring new insights on the relationships between the crystal structures and optoelectronic properties and lead to emergent ferroelectricity in halide perovskites. A comprehensive understanding is provided on how the A‐cations influence the structural, optoelectronic, and ferroelectric properties, with an emphasis on the second order Jahn‐Teller distortion caused by the oversized A‐cations. Finally, future perspectives on new structure exploration and studies of fundamental photophysical properties using stabilized perovskite lattices are provided.
Crystalline‐Amorphous Interfaces Coupling of CoSe2/CoP with Optimized d‐Band Center and Boosted Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Shen Shijie , Wang Zongpeng , Lin Zhiping , Song Kai , Zhang Qinghua , Meng Fanqi , Gu Lin , Zhong Wenwu
Published: January 2022

Amorphous and heterojunction materials have been widely used in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the current used individual strategy still has limited effects. Hence efficient tailoring tactics with synergistic effect are highly desired. Herein, the authors have realized the deep optimization of catalytic activity by a constructing crystalline–amorphous CoSe2/CoP heterojunction. Benefiting from the strong electronic coupling at the interfaces, the d‐band center of the material moves further down compared to its crystalline–crystalline counterpart, optimizing the valence state and the H adsorption of Co and lowering the kinetic barrier of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The heterojunction shows an overpotential of 65 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in the acidic medium. Besides, it also shows competitive properties in both neutral and basic media. This work provides inspiration for optimizing the catalytic activity through combining a crystalline and amorphous heterojunction, which can be implemented for other transition metal compound electrocatalysts.
Hybrid Cathode Interlayer Enables 17.4% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Song Hang , Hu Dingqin , Lv Jie , Lu Shirong , Haiyan Chen , Kan Zhipeng
Published: January 2022

With the emergence of fused ring electron acceptors, the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells reached 19%. In comparison with the electron donor and acceptor materials progress, the development of cathode interlayers lags. As a result, charge extraction barriers, interfacial trap states, and significant transport resistance may be induced due to the unfavorable cathode interlayer, limiting the device performances. Herein, a hybrid cathode interlayer composed of PNDIT‐F3N and PDIN is adopted to investigate the interaction between the photoexcited acceptor and cathode interlayer. The state of art acceptor Y6 is chosen and blended with PM6 as the active layer. The device with hybrid interlayer, PNDIT‐F3N:PDIN (0.6:0.4, in wt%), attains a power conversion efficiency of 17.4%, outperforming devices with other cathode interlayer such as NDI‐M, PDINO, and Phen‐DPO. It is resulted from enhanced exciton dissociation, reduced trap‐assisted recombination, and smaller transfer resistance. Therefore, the hybrid interlayer strategy is demonstrated as an efficient approach to improve device performance, shedding light on the selection and engineering of cathode interlayers for pairing the increasing number of fused ring electron acceptors.
Plasmonic locator with sub‐diffraction‐limited resolution for continuously accurate positioning
Authors: Gao Peng Fei , Zou Hong Yan , Gao Ming Xuan , Li Yuan Fang , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: January 2022

Both the accurate distance measurement and positioning information at the nanoscale are important for the analysis of micro/nano interactions. Plasmon ruler has been an indispensable optical tool to detect the chemical and biological dynamic processes via distance‐dependent plasmon coupling in the nearly aggregated state. But it cannot disclose the detailed and accurate information of positions and dynamic movements of its two plasmonic components owing to the inherent diffraction limit. Herein, a plasmonic locator is presented which consists of a heterotypic pair of red/blue plasmonic components with significant wavelength difference (∼150 nm). Attributed to the detuned energy (∼0.64 eV) of the two components, the plasmonic locator has the ability of sub‐diffraction‐limited resolution (center to center, 30 nm) and accurate positioning under conventional dark‐field microscopy, making the relative dynamic information of nearby red/blue components be recorded accurately at video rate. As an important complement to the current aggregate science and technology of plasmonics, this newly developed plasmonic locator presents a facile means to realize super‐resolution imaging, accurate positioning, and continuous tracing in chemical and biological interactions at the single‐molecule level.
Solvation‐amination‐synergy that neutralizes interfacially polymerized membranes for ultrahigh selective nanofiltration
Authors: Tang Ming‐Jian , Liu Mei‐Ling , Li Lu , Su Guo‐Jiang , Yan Xiang‐Yu , Ye Can , Sun Shi‐Peng , Xing Weihong
Published: January 2022

Molecular desalination is broadly used in chemical, food, and textile industries, which needs efficient and anti‐fouling separation technologies to reach this goal. Interfacial polymerization is one of the most promising routes to construct ultrahigh selective nanofiltration membranes. However, the irreversible hydrolysis of residual acyl chlorides makes Donnan charges of nascent films distribute unevenly which hinders fine molecular desalination and anti‐fouling. Here, we propose a pioneering solvation‐amination‐synergy strategy to synchronously inhibit the hydrolysis of residual acyl chlorides and promote their amination. The electroneutral nanofiltration membrane with high water permeance (13.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) is quantitatively fabricated that has superb anti‐fouling abilities and minimizes Donnan impacts on competitive ion penetrations, so it transmits Na2SO4and NaCl while fully obstructs cationic or anionic dyes (< 500 Da). The ultrahigh molecule to ion selectivities outperform state‐of‐art nanofiltration membranes, which may provide a paradigm shift for scalable membrane fabrication for various industrial product desalination.
Whole exome sequencing identifies potential candidate genes for spina bifida derived from mouse models
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Seltzsam Steve , Zheng Bixia , Wu Chen‐Han Wilfred , Nicolas‐Frank Camille , Yousef Kirollos , Au Kit Sing , Mann Nina , Pantel Dalia , Schneider Sophia , Schierbaum Luca , Kitzler Thomas M. , Connaughton Dervla M. , Mao Youying , Dai Rufeng , Nakayama Makiko , Kari Jameela A. , El Desoky Sherif , Shalaby Mohammed , Eid Loai A. , Awad Hazem S. , Tasic Velibor , Mane Shrikant M. , Lifton Richard P. , Baum Michelle A. , Shril Shirlee , Estrada Carlos R. , Hildebrandt Friedhelm
Published: January 2022

Spina bifida (SB) is the second most common nonlethal congenital malformation. The existence of monogenic SB mouse models and human monogenic syndromes with SB features indicate that human SB may be caused by monogenic genes. We hypothesized that whole exome sequencing (WES) allows identification of potential candidate genes by (i) generating a list of 136 candidate genes for SB, and (ii) by unbiased exome‐wide analysis. We generated a list of 136 potential candidate genes from three categories and evaluated WES data of 50 unrelated SB cases for likely deleterious variants in 136 potential candidate genes, and for potential SB candidate genes exome‐wide. We identified 6 likely deleterious variants in 6 of the 136 potential SB candidate genes in 6 of the 50 SB cases, whereof 4 genes were derived from mouse models, 1 gene was derived from human nonsyndromic SB, and 1 gene was derived from candidate genes known to cause human syndromic SB. In addition, by unbiased exome‐wide analysis, we identified 12 genes as potential candidates for SB. Identification of these 18 potential candidate genes in larger SB cohorts will help decide which ones can be considered as novel monogenic causes of human SB.
Near complete deletion of KMT2D in a college student
Authors: Gooch Catherine , Souder Jaclyn Paige , Tedder Matthew L. , Kerkhof Jennifer , Lee Jennifer A. , Louie Raymond J. , Sadikovic Bekim , Fletcher Robin S. , Robin Nathaniel H.
Published: January 2022

Pathogenic variants in KMT2D are typically associated with Kabuki syndrome (KS), a rare multisystem disorder. KS is characterized by facial dysmorphisms, intellectual disability, skeletal and dermatoglyphic differences, and poor growth. Seventy percent of individuals with clinically diagnosed KS have a confirmed pathogenic variant in KMT2D or less commonly KDM6A. The majority of mutations found in KMT2D are de novo nonsense or frameshift, with deletions and duplications rarely reported in the literature. Here, we present the case of near complete deletion of KMT2D in a college student with normal intelligence discovered via exome sequencing and EpiSign methylation testing. This case provides evidence that large deletions in KMT2D are compatible with normal intelligence and presents EpiSign as a method for discovering molecular causes of KS not identified by traditional molecular testing.
Anesthesia protocol for ear surgery in Wistar rats (animal research)
Authors: Bhatia Abhijeet , Saikia Pranjal Pratim , Dkhar Barilin , Pyngrope Haphidasara
Published: January 2022

Objective

To formulate an anesthesia protocol for safe and satisfactory anesthesia for ear surgery in rats.

Methods

The rats were anesthetized with xylazine (10 mg/kg body weight) and ketamine at doses of 80, 50, 40, and 30 mg/kg body weight or with isoflurane anesthesia (2%–3.5% in 100% oxygen; maintenance dose 1.5%–3.5%). The anesthesia induction, surgery, and recovery time were recorded.

Results

In total, 17 rats were induced by varying doses of ketamine‐xylazine and 28 rats with isoflurane. Mean induction time with ketamine‐xylazine was 6 ± 2.9 min compared with 3.8 ± 1.1 min with isoflurane. Mean recovery time with ketamine‐xylazine was 142.6 ± 49.3 min compared with 4.1 ± 1.2 min with isoflurane. A mortality of 4 animals after developing dyspnea was recorded with ketamine‐xylazine.

Conclusion

Isoflurane anesthesia offers appropriate induction and recovery times and low mortality rates for the surgeries performed. Isoflurane anesthesia offers reliable results for ear surgery in rats. However, more equipment and technical skills are needed.
Dynamic expression analysis of Vitelloin‐related genes in Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) driven by short‐term high‐temperature stress
Authors: Lian Yuyang , Wang Aqiang , Yang Heming , Li Jinlei , Peng Sihua , Zhou Shihao
Published: January 2022

Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) is an important pest of fruit and vegetable crops in tropical and subtropical regions. Previous studies have shown that short‐term high‐temperature stress has a significant effect on the oviposition behavior of three successive generations (F1–F3) of Z. cucurbitae (Coquillett). For the clarification of the molecular response of the oviposition behavior of Z. cucurbitae (Coquillett) to short‐term high‐temperature stress, three Vitellogenin (Vg) genes, namely, Vg‐1, Vg‐2, and Vg‐3, and one Vitellogenin receptor (VgR) gene were selected; 25°C was used as the control treatment; and 33°C, 37°C, 41°C, and 45°C were set as the high‐temperature treatments. Newly emerged adults of the F1 generation were treated for 1 h, and the expression dynamics of the target genes were analyzed 7 days after the emergence of three successive generations of adults. Results showed that the expression of the Vg gene in the 33°C and 37°C groups was upregulated compared with that in the control group, and the difference among the 41°C, 45°C, and control groups was small. VgR gene expression level gradually increased in each treatment group with the increase in the number of days and peaked on Days 6 and 7. Compared with the control group, the expression of VgR gene in the F1 generation was downregulated in the high‐temperature treatment group over 7 days. On Day 7, the expression level of the VgR gene in the F2 and F3 generations in the 37°C and 45°C groups was significantly higher than that in the F2 and F3 generations in the control group. In conclusion, Vg and VgR are transformed and utilized differently after short‐term high‐temperature treatment.
Stabilization of Antitumor Agent Busulfan through Encapsulation within a Water‐Soluble Pillar[5]arene
Authors: Xue Hui‐Feng , Huang Yu−Xi , Dong Ming , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Li Chunju
Published: January 2022

The complexation of the antitumor agent busulfan by negatively charged carboxylatopillar[5]arene in water is reported. The encapsulation within carboxylatopillar[5]arene reduces the hydrolytic degradation of busulfan from 90.7% to 25.2% after 24 days and accordingly enhances its stability by providing a hydrophobic shelter for busulfan in water. Moreover, the complexation results in 12 times improvement of water solubility for busulfan. Our result provides a supramolecular approach for stabilizing the anticancer agent busulfan.
Protecting the Vital Groundwater Sources of Oceanic Islands
Authors: Lau L. Stephen , El‐Kadi Aly I. , Rong Kexin , Grobbe Niels
Published: January 2022

Key Takeaways

Groundwater contamination following a 1977 chemical spill on the Hawaiian island of Oahu caused alarm and led to swift action in the early 1980s, including closure of several drinking water wells.

Legislation and other efforts to remediate and monitor the contamination have been rigorous and nearly continuous.

Decades later, a recent study has examined source water protection and economic impact stemming from Oahu's groundwater contamination.
Bank green lending and credit risk: an empirical analysis of China's Green Credit Policy
Authors: Zhou Xiao Yan , Caldecott Ben , Hoepner Andreas G. F. , Wang Yao
Published: January 2022

This study empirically investigates the relationship between banks' green lending and their credit risk, and how Chinese green finance regulations contribute to the solvency of individual banks and the resilience of the financial system. Analysing a sample of 41 Chinese banks from 2007 to 2018, we find that the association between a bank's (relative) green lending as a proportion of its overall loan portfolio, and its credit risk, depends critically on the size and structure of state ownership. While the implementation of China's Green Credit Policy reduces credit risk for the major state‐controlled banks, it increases credit risk for the city and regional commercial banks. This performance difference appears largely due to information and expertise asymmetries, with the city and regional commercial banks having less access to information and expertise necessary to evaluate the credit risk of green lending. Understanding this phenomenon can help policymakers tailor green finance policies according to banks' characteristics. It also suggests that mechanisms and platforms for the city/regional commercial banks to learn from the major state‐controlled banks could be beneficial.