bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A climate index collection based on model data
Authors: Landt-Hayen Marco , Rath Willi , Wahl Sebastian , Niebaum Nils , Claus Martin , Kröger Peer
Published: May 2023

Machine learning (ML) and in particular deep learning (DL) methods push state-of-the-art solutions for many hard problems, for example, image classification, speech recognition, or time series forecasting. In the domain of climate science, ML and DL are known to be effective for identifying causally linked modes of climate variability as key to understand the climate system and to improve the predictive skills of forecast systems. To attribute climate events in a data-driven way, we need sufficient training data, which is often limited for real-world measurements. The data science community provides standard data sets for many applications. As a new data set, we introduce a consistent and comprehensive collection of climate indices typically used to describe Earth System dynamics. Therefore, we use 1000-year control simulations from Earth System Models. The data set is provided as an open-source framework that can be extended and customized to individual needs. It allows users to develop new ML methodologies and to compare results to existing methods and models as benchmark. For example, we use the data set to predict rainfall in the African Sahel region and El Niño Southern Oscillation with various ML models. Our aim is to build a bridge between the data science community and researchers and practitioners from the domain of climate science to jointly improve our understanding of the climate system.
When Fligstein Meets Chandler: The Chandlerian Origins of Corporate Financialization: The Case of Peugeot’s Financial Restructuring in the 1960s
Authors: Belot Couloumies Quentin
Published: May 2023

Reconnecting Fligstein’s and Chandler’s models of long-term organizational change, this article challenges the idea that corporate financialization is alien to the Chandlerian enterprise. Based on the case of the French automotive firm Peugeot Société Anonyme (PSA), it shows that this historical transformation has been intrinsically linked to Chandlerian dynamics. The article first highlights the crucial role played by the French government and financial institutions in the establishment of large multidivisional companies in France. It then draws on PSA, public, and private archives, and an interview with a former financial executive to examine a decisive financial restructuring of the family business in 1965. In describing the challenges faced by the business in the 1960s, the article analyzes how the creation of a multilevel structure of holding companies was meant to deal with Chandlerian challenges while paving the way for the further financialization of the business.
Deformations of Log Terminal and Semi Log Canonical Singularities
Authors: Sato Kenta , Takagi Shunsuke
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we prove that klt singularities are invariant under deformations if the generic fiber is

$\mathbb {Q}$

-Gorenstein. We also obtain a similar result for slc singularities. These are generalizations of results of Esnault-Viehweg [Math. Ann.271 (1985), 439–449] and S. Ishii [Math. Ann.275 (1986), 139–148; Singularities (Iowa City, IA, 1986) Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 90 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1989), 135–145].
SIR epidemics driven by Feller processes
Authors: Simon Matthieu
Published: May 2023

We consider a stochastic SIR (susceptible
$\rightarrow$
infective
$\rightarrow$
removed) model in which the infectious periods are modulated by a collection of independent and identically distributed Feller processes. Each infected individual is associated with one of these processes, the trajectories of which determine the duration of his infectious period, his contamination rate, and his type of removal (e.g. death or immunization). We use a martingale approach to derive the distribution of the final epidemic size and severity for this model and provide some general examples. Next, we focus on a single infected individual facing a given number of susceptibles, and we determine the distribution of his outcome (number of contaminations, severity, type of removal). Using a discrete-time formulation of the model, we show that this distribution also provides us with an alternative, more stable method to compute the final epidemic outcome distribution.
THE THIRD HANKEL DETERMINANT FOR INVERSE COEFFICIENTS OF CONVEX FUNCTIONS
Authors: RAZA MOHSAN , RIAZ AMINA , THOMAS DEREK K.
Published: May 2023

The sharp bound for the third Hankel determinant for the coefficients of the inverse function of convex functions is obtained, thus answering a recent conjecture concerning invariance of coefficient functionals for convex functions.
How did a Lutheran astronomer get converted into a Catholic authority? The Jesuits and their reception of Tycho Brahe in Portugal
Authors: Carolino Luís Miguel
Published: May 2023

This article explores the complex process of integrating Tycho Brahe's theories into the Jesuit intellectual framework through focusing on the international community of professors who taught mathematics at the College of Saint Anthony (Colégio de Santo Antão), Lisbon, during the first half of the seventeenth century. Historians have conceived the reception of the Tychonic system as a straightforward process motivated by the developments of early modern astronomy. Nevertheless, this paper argues that the cultural politics of the Counter-Reformation Church curbed the reception of Tycho Brahe within the Jesuit milieu. Despite supporting the Tychonic geo-heliocentric system, which they explicitly conceived of as a ‘compromise’ between the ancient Ptolemy and the modern Copernicus, and making recourse to some of the cosmological ideas produced in Tycho's Protestant milieu, the Jesuits strove to confine the authority of the Lutheran astronomer to the domain of mathematics. Philosophy was expected to remain the realm of Catholic orthodoxy. Thus, while Tycho Brahe entered the pantheon of ‘Jesuit’ authorities, he nonetheless was not granted the absolute status of intellectual authority. This case demonstrates how the impact of confessionalization reached well beyond the formal processes of science censorship.
The effect of traditional diet on glucose homoeostasis in carriers and non-carriers of a common TBC1D4 variant in Greenlandic Inuit: a randomised crossover study
Authors: Lewis Jack Ivor , Lind Mads Vendelbo , Møller Grith , Hansen Torben , Pedersen Hanne , Christensen Marie Mathilde Bjerg , Laursen Jens Christian , Nielsen Sara , Ottendahl Charlotte B. , Larsen Christina V. Lytken , Stark Ken D. , Bjerregaard Peter , Jørgensen Marit E. , Lauritzen Lotte
Published: May 2023

Consumption of traditional foods is decreasing amid a lifestyle transition in Greenland as incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases. In homozygous carriers of a TBC1D4 variant, conferring postprandial insulin resistance, the risk of T2D is markedly higher. We investigated the effects of traditional marine diets on glucose homoeostasis and cardio-metabolic health in Greenlandic Inuit carriers and non-carriers of the variant in a randomised crossover study consisting of two 4-week dietary interventions: Traditional (marine-based, low-carbohydrate) and Western (high in imported meats and carbohydrates). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 2-h), 14-d continuous glucose and cardio-metabolic markers were assessed to investigate the effect of diet and genotype. Compared with the Western diet, the Traditional diet reduced mean and maximum daily blood glucose by 0·17 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·05, 0·29; P = 0·006) and 0·26 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·06, 0·46; P = 0·010), respectively, with dose-dependency. Furthermore, it gave rise to a weight loss of 0·5 kg (95 % CI; 0·09, 0·90; P = 0·016) relative to the Western diet and 4 % (95 % CI 1, 9; P = 0·018) lower LDL:HDL-cholesterol, which after adjustment for weight loss appeared to be driven by HDL elevation (0·09 mmol/l (0·03, 0·15), P = 0·006). A diet–gene interaction was indicated on insulin sensitivity in the OGTT (p = 0·093), which reflected a non-significant increase of 1·4 (–0·6, 3·5) mmol/l in carrier 2-h glucose. A Traditional diet marginally improved daily glycaemic control and plasma lipid profile compared with a Westernised diet in Greenlandic Inuit. Possible adverse effects on glucose tolerance in carriers of the TBC1D4 variant warrant further studies.
Early Precambrian mafic dykes in western Shandong province, North China Craton: constraints on the chronology, genetic model and tectonic significance
Authors: Liu Shen , Feng Caixia , Feng Guangying , Fan Yan , Guo Zhuang
Published: May 2023

In the Late Neoarchaean, the lithosphere of the North China Craton (NCC) experienced a strong extensional event, which is of great significance for understanding the evolution of the continental crust in the Precambrian. In this study, a suite of mafic dykes from Shandong province in the northeastern NCC were investigated to determine the nature, timing and source of rift-related magma activities using zircon U–Pb data, whole-rock geochemistry and Nd–Hf isotopes. Zircon U–Pb dating of four dolerites by laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) yielded weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb ages in the range 2509 ± 6.1 to 2537 ± 6.2 Ma (2σ, 95 % confidence interval). The mafic dykes are classified as alkaline rocks based on their K2O + Na2O contents (6.78–7.21 wt %) and belong to the shoshonitic series according to their K2O contents (3.23–3.36 wt %). The dolerites show low concentrations of light rare earth elements ((La/Yb)N between 7.17 and 8.55), positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* between 1.12 and 1.27), positive Ba, K, Pb, Sr, Eu, Dy and Lu anomalies, and depleted U, Nb, Pr, Ta, P, Nd and Ti anomalies. The dykes are characterized by low initial (87Sr/86Sr)i (∼0.6969), positive εNd(t) values (0.2–0.8) and εHf(t) values (0.5–8.6) and relatively old mean Nd and Hf model age (2.73 Ga). Collectively, the data suggest that the mafic dykes were derived from the partial melting (10–20 %) of an isotope-depleted garnet–lherzolite mantle source that was hybridized through interaction with subducted lower crustal material. The parental magmas of these dykes underwent a certain number of crustal contaminations during magma ascent. The mafic magmatism represented in the form of the dyke swarms is considered to be a response to widespread lithospheric extension which affected the NCC at c. 2.5 Ga during the Neoarchaean.
Reconstruction Aid, Public Infrastructure, and Economic Development: The Case of the Marshall Plan in Italy
Authors: Bianchi Nicola , Giorcelli Michela
Published: May 2023

The Marshall Plan (1948–1952) was the largest aid transfer in history. This paper estimates its effects on Italy’s postwar economic development. It exploits differences between Italian provinces in the value of reconstruction grants they received. Provinces that could modernize their infrastructure more quickly experienced higher increases in agricultural production, especially for perishable crops. In the same provinces, we observe larger investments in labor-saving machines, the entry of more firms into the industrial sector, and a larger expansion of the industrial and service workforces.
The retirement impact on housing cost burden: are homeowners better off than tenants after retirement?
Authors: Lozano Alcántara Alberto , Romeu Gordo Laura , Engstler Heribert , Vogel Claudia
Published: May 2023

Existing research on housing cost burden focuses on its evolution over time. Few empirical studies, meanwhile, investigate changes in housing cost burden as a function of age. Literature is also scarce on how people’s housing cost burden is affected by the act of retiring. In order to fill this research gap, we examine how the burden of housing costs tends to change after retirement and how the impact of retirement on housing cost burden differs for tenants as compared to homeowners. Taking advantage of the longitudinal data provided by the German Socio-Economic Panel (1993–2019), we estimate fixed effects regressions and model impact functions to estimate how people’s housing cost burdens change after they retire. In addition, we interact the retirement event with tenure status. Our results show that retirement is associated with an increase in housing cost burden and that this association is stronger among tenants than among homeowners. We contribute to the literature on housing cost burden by taking a longitudinal perspective and showing that critical life events such as retirement do have an impact on the financial pressures exerted on households by housing costs and can even exacerbate the existing inequality in terms of housing cost burden between tenants and homeowners. We also demonstrate the importance for policy makers and future research of identifying social groups that may be particularly prone to financial overburden as a result of elevated housing costs in old age in order to implement policies that avoid such overburden and prevent the increase in social inequality after retirement.
“Internal Frontiers”: Whiteness, Intimacy, and the Expatriate Home in Britain's African Colonies during the Postwar Period
Authors: Cooper Nathalie
Published: May 2023

Using archival oral history interviews with ex-colonial officers from the Scottish Decolonisation Project and the British Empire and Commonwealth Collection, this article examines the intimate lives and domestic spaces of white expatriates in Britain's African colonies during the postwar period, often described as the “people's empire.” In doing so, it seeks to better understand the socio-historical construction of imperial whiteness. It argues that the boundaries of the expatriate home acted as the “internal frontiers” of whiteness, insofar as racial difference was constructed through habitual bodily and domestic discipline concerning cleanliness, child-rearing, social interactions, and sex, which was monitored and enforced within expatriate social circles. Oral testimonies from white expatriates who lived and worked in colonial Africa highlight the contradictory nature of the discursive construction of whiteness, as both culturally distant from the African peoples over which it claimed racial superiority and dependent on operations of care and nurture provided by indigenous Africans. This article explores the ways in which Africans forged relationships with white expatriates as servants, lovers, and friends in order to examine how these ambivalent intimacies coexisted with, and were constitutive of, unequal racial hierarchies.
Co-text, context, and listening proficiency as crucial variables in intelligibility among nonnative users of English
Authors: Thir Veronika
Published: May 2023

Research on intelligibility in international encounters has long focused on issues of pronunciation to the detriment of factors such as linguistic co-text and extralinguistic context, which are comparatively well-studied variables in intelligibility research concerning L1 listeners. This paper seeks to expand the scope of international intelligibility research in this respect by reporting on a large-scale study involving 423 nonnative listeners at different proficiency levels, who transcribed words spoken with another nonnative accent under four conditions that varied in the availability of syntactic, semantic, and schematic cues. The results suggest that co-text and context as well as listening proficiency are crucial variables that ought to receive greater attention in research on international intelligibility. The pedagogical implications of these findings are addressed as well.
Zariski dense orbits for regular self-maps of split semiabelian varieties in positive characteristic
Authors: GHIOCA DRAGOS , SALEH SINA
Published: May 2023

We prove the Zariski dense orbit conjecture in positive characteristic for regular self-maps of split semiabelian varieties.
Multisystemic approaches to researching young people’s resilience: Discovering culturally and contextually sensitive accounts of thriving under adversity
Authors: Ungar Michael , Theron Linda , Höltge Jan
Published: May 2023

As our understanding of the process of resilience has become more culturally and contextually grounded, researchers have had to seek innovative ways to account for the complex, reciprocal relationship between the many systems that influence young people’s capacity to thrive. This paper briefly traces the history of a more contextualized understanding of resilience and then reviews a social–ecological model to explain multisystemic resilience. A case study is then used to show how a multisystemic understanding of resilience can influence the design and implementation of resilience research. The Resilient Youth in Stressed Environments study is a longitudinal mixed methods investigation of adolescents and emerging adults in communities that depend on oil and gas industries in Canada and South Africa. These communities routinely experience stress at individual, family, and institutional levels from macroeconomic factors related to boom-and-bust economic cycles. Building on the project’s methods and findings, we discuss how to create better studies of resilience which are able to capture both emic and etic accounts of positive developmental processes in ways that avoid the tendency to homogenize children’s experience. Limitations to doing multisystemic resilience research are also highlighted, with special attention to the need for further innovation.
Persistent left superior vena cava without right superior vena cava during fetal life
Authors: Sayici Ufuk Ilker , Ari Mehmet Emre
Published: May 2023

Enlarged coronary sinus detected during cardiac examination in the prenatal period is the first finding that raises suspicion for persistent left superior vena cava. In this report, a patient was presented who was referred with the prediagnosis of cor triatriatum sinister in the antenatal period and diagnosed with isolated persistent left superior vena cava (SVC).
Adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity: results from two cycles of the Canadian National Nutrition Survey
Authors: Ng Alena Praneet , Jessri Mahsa , L’Abbé Mary R
Published: May 2023

Objective:

To test whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or a dietary pattern in-line with the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) was associated with obesity.

Design:

24-h dietary recall data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition, 2004 and 2015 cycles, were analysed. Diet quality index scores were computed for the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS), a DASH index and the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI). Higher scores indicated greater adherence. Association between scores and obesity was examined using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, sequence of dietary recall and alcohol and energy intake.

Setting:

Canada (excluding territories and the institutionalised population).

Participants:

Canadian adults (≥ 18 years), non-pregnant and non-breast-feeding; 11 748 from CCHS 2004 and 12 110 from CCHS 2015. The percentage of females in each sample was 50 %.

Results:

Mean MSDPS, DASH and DGAI scores were marginally but significantly higher in CCHS 2015 than in CCHS 2004. Those affected by obesity obtained lower scores for all indexes in CCHS 2004 (OR 10th v. 90th percentile for DASH: 2·23 (95 % CI 1·50, 3·32), DGAI: 3·01 (95 % CI 1·98, 4·57), MSDPS: 2·02 (95 % CI 1·14, 3·58)). Similar results were observed in CCHS 2015; however, results for MSDPS were not significant (OR 10th v. 90th percentile for DASH: 2·45 (95 % CI 1·72, 3·49), DGAI: 2·73 (95 % CI 1·85, 4·03); MSDPS: 1·30 (95 % CI 0·82, 2·06)).

Conclusion:

Following DASH or the 2015–2020 DGA was associated with a lower likelihood of obesity. Findings do not indicate causation, as the data are cross-sectional.
INTRINSIC STABILIZER REDUCTION AND GENERALIZED DONALDSON–THOMAS INVARIANTS
Authors: Savvas Michail
Published: May 2023

Let
$\sigma $
be a stability condition on the bounded derived category
$D^b({\mathop{\mathrm {Coh}}\nolimits } W)$
of a Calabi–Yau threefold W and
$\mathcal {M}$
a moduli stack parametrizing
$\sigma $
-semistable objects of fixed topological type. We define generalized Donaldson–Thomas invariants which act as virtual counts of objects in
$\mathcal {M}$
, fully generalizing the approach introduced by Kiem, Li and the author in the case of semistable sheaves. We construct an associated proper Deligne–Mumford stack
$\widetilde {\mathcal {M}}^{\mathbb {C}^{\ast }}$
, called the
$\mathbb {C}^{\ast }$
-rigidified intrinsic stabilizer reduction of
$\mathcal {M}$
, with an induced semiperfect obstruction theory of virtual dimension zero, and define the generalized Donaldson–Thomas invariant via Kirwan blowups to be the degree of the associated virtual cycle
$[\widetilde {\mathcal {M}}]^{\mathrm {vir}} \in A_0(\widetilde {\mathcal {M}})$
. This stays invariant under deformations of the complex structure of W. Applications include Bridgeland stability, polynomial stability, Gieseker and slope stability.
Discrimination between protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) with spectral reflectance
Authors: Jones Eric A. L. , Austin Robert , Dunne Jeffrey C. , Leon Ramon G. , Everman Wesley J.
Published: May 2023

The current assays to confirm herbicide resistance can be time- and labor-intensive (dose–response) or require a skill set/technical equipment (genetic sequencing). Stakeholders could benefit from a rapid assay to confirm herbicide-resistant weeds to ensure sustainable crop production. Because protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides rapidly interfere with chlorophyll production/integrity; we propose a new, rapid assay utilizing spectral reflectance to confirm resistance. Leaf disks were excised from two PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant (target-site [TSR] and non–target site [NTSR]) and herbicide-susceptible redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) populations and placed into a 24-well plate containing different concentrations (0 to 10 mM) of fomesafen for 48 h. A multispectral sensor captured images from the red (668 nm), green (560 nm), blue (475 nm), and red edge (717 nm) wavebands after a 48-h incubation period. The green leaf index (GLI) was utilized to determine spectral reflectance ratios of the treated leaf disks. Clear differences of spectral reflectance were observed in the red edge waveband for all populations treated with the 10 mM concentration in the dose–response assays. Differences of spectral reflectance were observed for the NTSR population compared with the TSR and susceptible populations treated with the 10 mM concentration in the green waveband and the GLI in the dose–response assay. Leaf disks from the aforementioned A. retroflexus populations and two additional susceptible populations were subjected to a similar assay with the discriminating concentration (10 mM). Spectral reflectance was different between the PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible populations in the red, blue, and green wavebands. Spectral reflectance was not distinctive between the populations in the red edge waveband and the GLI. The results provide a basis for rapidly (∼48 h) detecting PPO-inhibiting herbicide-resistant A. retroflexus via spectral reflectance. Discrimination between TSR and NTSR populations was possible only in the dose–response assay, but the assay still has utility in distinguishing herbicide-resistant plants from herbicide-susceptible plants.
Actor–Observer Asymmetry in Virtual Reality
Authors: Zhou Shuo , Won Andrea Stevenson
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Actors and observers attend to different aspects of behavior, leading them to interpret the same event in distinct ways. Virtual reality technology enables users to easily switch their visual perspective and modify an avatar to represent users’ own or another’s identity. We conducted a pilot study ( n = 69) and a pre-registered main study ( n = 101) manipulating visual perspective and avatar identity to investigate their impacts on actor–observer asymmetry. We designed a ball-tossing game in an immersive virtual environment as a test case. Actor–observer differences were captured from four dimensions: participants’ engagement with the virtual event, behavior explanations, behavior evaluations, and perceived agency. Results showed that visual perspective was an important factor influencing people’s virtual experience. Viewing events from the first-person visual perspective increased event engagement indicated by greater self-presence in the virtual world and self-avatar merging. Participants with the third-person visual perspective judged avatar behavior more intentional and used more subjective reasons to explain it. People embodied in an avatar that resembled the self had more positive evaluations of the avatar’s behavior than those embodied in a stranger avatar. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of actor–observer asymmetry in virtual reality.
The Impetus for Bloom of Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems in Northern China: Insights From Volcanic Nutrient and Harmful Element Delivery
Authors: Ma Chao , Tang Yanjie , Ying Jifeng , Zhao Xinmiao , Xiao Yan , Zhang Hongfu
Published: May 2023

The Jehol and Yanliao biotas of northern China, two world‐class Lagerstätten with abundant biomass and biodiversity, provide critical clues to Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems. Their evolution is a response to the destruction of the North China craton. However, the impetus for the rapid bloom of the biotas remains a mystery. Mesozoic large‐scale volcanic‐sedimentary strata in northern China are rich in terrestrial organisms. Statistical analyses show that volcanic nutrient element delivery, biomass, and biodiversity in these stratigraphic sequences increase synchronously, while harmful elements have the opposite change with them. These observations reveal the coevolutionary relationship between volcanism and terrestrial biotas. The increased nutrient element supply and inhibited harmful element delivery to terrestrial ecosystems from the voluminous volcanic products, produced under the geodynamic regime of paleo‐Pacific subduction and cratonic destruction, could create a conducive environment for the biodiversity and high prosperity of Mesozoic terrestrial biotas.
Critically short telomeres derepress retrotransposons to promote genome instability in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Zhao Nannan , Yin Guoxing , Liu Chun , Zhang Weiyu , Shen Yang , Wang Dan , Lin Zhenzhen , Yang Jiao , Mao Jian , Guo Renpeng , Zhang Yongwang , Wang Feng , Liu Zhe , Lu Xinyi , Liu Lin
Published: May 2023

Telomeres, at the ends of chromosomes, protect chromosomes from fusion and preserve genomic stability. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying telomere attrition-induced genome instability remain to be understood. We systematically analyzed the expression of retrotransposons and performed genomic sequencing of different cell and tissue types with telomeres of varying lengths due to telomerase deficiency. We found that critically short telomeres altered retrotransposon activity to promote genomic instability in mouse embryonic stem cells, as evidenced by elevated numbers of single nucleotide variants, indels and copy number variations (CNVs). Transpositions of retrotransposons such as LINE1 resulting from the short telomeres can also be found in these genomes with elevated number of mutations and CNVs. Retrotransposon activation is linked to increased chromatin accessibility, and reduced heterochromatin abundance correlates with short telomeres. Re-elongation of telomeres upon recovery of telomerase partly represses retrotransposons and heterochromatin accumulation. Together, our findings suggest a potential mechanism by which telomeres maintain genomic stability by suppressing chromatin accessibility and retrotransposon activity.
Reduced hepatic bradykinin degradation accounts for cold-induced BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning in male mice
Authors: Xiao Fei , Jiang Haizhou , Li Zi , Jiang Xiaoxue , Chen Shanghai , Niu Yuguo , Yin Hanrui , Shu Yousheng , Peng Bo , Lu Wei , Li Xiaoying , Li Zhigang , Lan Shujue , Xu Xiaoyan , Guo Feifan
Published: May 2023

An important role for liver in the regulation of adipose tissue thermogenesis upon cold exposure has been suggested; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. Here, we identify elevated serum bradykinin levels in response to acute cold exposure in male mice. A bolus of anti-bradykinin antibodies reduces body temperature during acute cold exposure, whereas bradykinin has the opposite effect. We demonstrate that bradykinin induces brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and white adipose tissue browning, and bradykinin increases uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in adipose tissue. The bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R), adrenergic signaling and nitric oxide signaling are involved in regulating bradykinin-increased UCP1 expression. Moreover, acute cold exposure inhibits hepatic prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) activity, causing reduced liver bradykinin degradation and increased serum bradykinin levels. Finally, by blocking the breakdown of bradykinin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) increase serum bradykinin levels and induce brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and white adipose tissue browning via B2R. Collectively, our data provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying organ crosstalk in whole-body physiology control during cold exposure and also suggest bradykinin as a possible anti-obesity target.
Multimodal dynamic and unclonable anti-counterfeiting using robust diamond microparticles on heterogeneous substrate
Authors: Zhang Tongtong , Wang Lingzhi , Wang Jing , Wang Zhongqiang , Gupta Madhav , Guo Xuyun , Zhu Ye , Yiu Yau Chuen , Hui Tony K. C. , Zhou Yan , Li Can , Lei Dangyuan , Li Kwai Hei , Wang Xinqiang , Wang Qi , Shao Lei , Chu Zhiqin
Published: May 2023

The growing prevalence of counterfeit products worldwide poses serious threats to economic security and human health. Developing advanced anti-counterfeiting materials with physical unclonable functions offers an attractive defense strategy. Here, we report multimodal, dynamic and unclonable anti-counterfeiting labels based on diamond microparticles containing silicon-vacancy centers. These chaotic microparticles are heterogeneously grown on silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition, facilitating low-cost scalable fabrication. The intrinsically unclonable functions are introduced by the randomized features of each particle. The highly stable signals of photoluminescence from silicon-vacancy centers and light scattering from diamond microparticles can enable high-capacity optical encoding. Moreover, time-dependent encoding is achieved by modulating photoluminescence signals of silicon-vacancy centers via air oxidation. Exploiting the robustness of diamond, the developed labels exhibit ultrahigh stability in extreme application scenarios, including harsh chemical environments, high temperature, mechanical abrasion, and ultraviolet irradiation. Hence, our proposed system can be practically applied immediately as anti-counterfeiting labels in diverse fields.
Triboelectric-induced ion mobility for artificial intelligence-enhanced mid-infrared gas spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Jianxiong , Ji Shanling , Ren Zhihao , Wu Wenyu , Zhang Zhihao , Ni Zhonghua , Liu Lei , Zhang Zhisheng , Song Aiguo , Lee Chengkuo
Published: May 2023

Isopropyl alcohol molecules, as a biomarker for anti-virus diagnosis, play a significant role in the area of environmental safety and healthcare relating volatile organic compounds. However, conventional gas molecule detection exhibits dramatic drawbacks, like the strict working conditions of ion mobility methodology and weak light-matter interaction of mid-infrared spectroscopy, yielding limited response of targeted molecules. We propose a synergistic methodology of artificial intelligence-enhanced ion mobility and mid-infrared spectroscopy, leveraging the complementary features from the sensing signal in different dimensions to reach superior accuracy for isopropyl alcohol identification. We pull in “cold” plasma discharge from triboelectric generator which improves the mid-infrared spectroscopic response of isopropyl alcohol with good regression prediction. Moreover, this synergistic methodology achieves ~99.08% accuracy for a precise gas concentration prediction, even with interferences of different carbon-based gases. The synergistic methodology of artificial intelligence-enhanced system creates mechanism of accurate gas sensing for mixture and regression prediction in healthcare.
Methionine restriction constrains lipoylation and activates mitochondria for nitrogenic synthesis of amino acids
Authors: Fang Wen , Jiang Liu , Zhu Yibing , Yang Sen , Qiu Hong , Cheng Jiou , Liang Qingxi , Tu Zong-cai , Ye Cunqi
Published: May 2023

Methionine restriction (MR) provides metabolic benefits in many organisms. However, mechanisms underlying the MR-induced effect remain incompletely understood. Here, we show in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae that MR relays a signal of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) deprivation to adapt bioenergetic mitochondria to nitrogenic anabolism. In particular, decreases in cellular SAM constrain lipoate metabolism and protein lipoylation required for the operation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the mitochondria, leading to incomplete glucose oxidation with an exit of acetyl-CoA and α-ketoglutarate from the TCA cycle to the syntheses of amino acids, such as arginine and leucine. This mitochondrial response achieves a trade-off between energy metabolism and nitrogenic anabolism, which serves as an effector mechanism promoting cell survival under MR.
Entanglement-interference complementarity and experimental demonstration in a superconducting circuit
Authors: Huang Xin-Jie , Han Pei-Rong , Ning Wen , Yang Shou-Bang , Zhu Xin , Lü Jia-Hao , Zheng Ri-Hua , Li Hekang , Yang Zhen-Biao , Xu Kai , Yang Chui-Ping , Wu Qi-Cheng , Zheng Dongning , Fan Heng , Zheng Shi-Biao
Published: May 2023

Quantum entanglement between an interfering particle and a detector for acquiring the which-path information plays a central role for enforcing Bohr’s complementarity principle. However, the quantitative relation between this entanglement and the fringe visibility remains untouched upon for an initial mixed state. Here we find an equality for quantifying this relation. Our equality characterizes how well the interference pattern can be preserved when an interfering particle, initially carrying a definite amount of coherence, is entangled, to a certain degree, with a which-path detector. This equality provides a connection between entanglement and interference in the unified framework of coherence, revealing the quantitative entanglement-interference complementarity. We experimentally demonstrate this relation with a superconducting circuit, where a resonator serves as a which-path detector for an interfering qubit. The measured fringe visibility of the qubit’s Ramsey signal and the qubit-resonator entanglement exhibit a complementary relation, in well agreement with the theoretical prediction.
Integrated optical beam steering device using switchable nanoantennas and a reflective metalens
Authors: Ghaffari Vahid , Yousefi Leila
Published: May 2023

In this paper, an integrated optical device is proposed in which a reflective meta-lens and five switchable nano-antennas are combined to provide optical beam steering at the standard telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm. For this purpose, a graphene-based switchable power divider is designed and integrated with nano-antennas to control the flow of the light entering the device. To achieve a higher angular accuracy in the radiated beams, a new algorithm is proposed and utilized to optimize the location of feeding nano-antennas in accordance with the reflective meta-lens. In order to achieve a minimum fluctuation in the light intensity when the beams are rotated in the space, an algorithm is developed to select optimum unit cells for the engineered meta-lens. The whole device is numerically analyzed using Electromagnetic full-wave simulations illustrating an optical beam steering with high accuracy (better than 1 degree) in the beam direction, and a low variation (less than 1 dB) in the radiated light intensity. The proposed integrated device can be used for many applications such as inter- and intra-chip optical interconnects, optical wireless communication systems, and advanced integrated LIDARs.
Evaluation of FRAX in patients with periprosthetic fractures following primary total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Holzer Lukas A. , Borotschnig Lisa , Holzer Gerold
Published: May 2023

The fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) is a tool which calculates an individual 10-year fracture risk based on epidemiological data in patients with a risk of osteporosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of FRAX to estimate the risk of postoperative periprosthetic fractures (PPF) in patients following with total hip and knee arthroplasty. 167 patients (137 periprosthetic fractures in total hip arthroplasty and 30 periprosthetic fractures in total knee arthroplasty) were included in this study. Patients’ data was retrieved retrospectively. In each patient the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and an osteoporotic hip fracture (HF) was calculated using FRAX. According to the NOGG guideline 57% of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients and 43.3% of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients were in need of osteoporosis treatment, whereas only 8% and 7% received an adequate one respectively. 56% of the patients with PPF after THA and 57% of the patients with PPF after TKA reported about a previous fracture. Significant associations between the 10-year probability of a MOF and HF calculated by FRAX and PPF in THA and TKA were seen. The results of the present study show that FRAX might have the potential to estimate the PPF in patients following THA and TKA. FRAX should be calculated before and after THA or TKA in order to assess the risk and counsel patients. The data show a clear undertreatment of patients with PPF in respect to osteoporosis.
A quantum trust and consultative transaction-based blockchain cybersecurity model for healthcare systems
Authors: Selvarajan Shitharth , Mouratidis Haralambos
Published: May 2023

Many researchers have been interested in healthcare cybersecurity for a long time since it can improve the security of patient and health record data. As a result, a lot of research is done in the field of cybersecurity that focuses on the safe exchange of health data between patients and the medical setting. It still has issues with high computational complexity, increased time consumption, and cost complexity, all of which have an impact on the effectiveness and performance of the complete security system. Hence this work proposes a technique called Consultative Transaction Key Generation and Management (CTKGM) to enable secure data sharing in healthcare systems. It generates a unique key pair based on random values with multiplicative operations and time stamps. The patient data is then safely stored in discrete blocks of hash values using the blockchain methodology. The Quantum Trust Reconciliation Agreement Model (QTRAM), which calculates the trust score based on the feedback data, ensures reliable and secure data transfer. By allowing safe communication between patients and the healthcare system based on feedback analysis and trust value, the proposed framework makes a novel contribution to the field. Additionally, during communication, the Tuna Swarm Optimization (TSO) method is employed to validate nonce verification messages. Nonce message verification is a part of QTRAM that helps verify the users during transmission. The effectiveness of the suggested scheme has been demonstrated by comparing the obtained findings with other current state-of-the-art models after a variety of evaluation metrics have been analyzed to test the performance of this security model.
Stereo-controlled cyclopropanation catalysis within the confined pores of porphyrin MOFs
Authors: Hemmer Karina , Bühler Raphael , Elsner Martin , Cokoja Mirza , Fischer Roland A.
Published: May 2023

Three Rh-porphyrin MOF catalysts show a MOF topology independent stereoselectivity enhancement for styrene derivatives with coordinating functionalities. Upon donor molecule addition, the activity is increased facilitating Rh-carbene formation.
Gibbs–Helmholtz graph neural network: capturing the temperature dependency of activity coefficients at infinite dilution
Authors: Sanchez Medina Edgar Ivan , Linke Steffen , Stoll Martin , Sundmacher Kai
Published: May 2023

A hybrid model that combines the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation with Graph Neural Networks for predicting limiting activity coefficients.
Chemical composition, coordination, and stability of Ca–organic associations in the presence of dissolving calcite
Authors: Qafoku Odeta , Battu Anil K. , Varga Tamas , Marcus Matthew A. , O'Callahan Brian , Zhao Qian , Mergelsberg Sebastian T. , Kew William R. , Loring John S. , Qafoku Nikolla P. , Leichty Sarah I.
Published: May 2023

Aqueous Ca-(bi)carbonate organic associations with increased thermal stability.
Stimuli-responsive ultra-small vanadate prodrug nanoparticles with NIR photothermal properties to precisely inhibit Na/K-ATPase for enhanced cancer therapy
Authors: Li Yifan , Wang Jian , Tang Yujing , Lu Sheng , Lv Yitong , Li Wenzhe , Zhang Ming , Yu Yingjie
Published: May 2023

Novel ROS-responsive ultra-small vanadate prodrug nanoparticles with NIR photothermal properties were developed to selectively inhibit Na/K-ATPase for enhanced cancer therapy.
Electrospun polymer fibers modified with FK506 for the long-term treatment of acute cardiac allograft rejection in a heart transplantation model
Authors: Deng Cheng , Jin Qiaofeng , Xu Jia , Fu Wenpei , He Mengrong , Xu Lingling , Song Yishu , Wang Wenyuan , Yi Luyang , Chen Yihan , Gao Tang , Wang Jing , Lv Qing , Yang Yali , Zhang Li , Xie Mingxing
Published: May 2023

A schematic diagram of an electrospinning device for PCL-FK506 microfibers. PCL-FK506 microfibers was applied in abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation model and its effects on survival time, immune response and secretion of cytokine.
Nano bowl-like cobalt–cobalt molybdenum carbide coated by N,P co-doped carbon as an advanced bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Li Yanqiang , Wang Huicheng , An Hai , Liu Xuan , Chen Siru , Song Xue-Zhi
Published: May 2023

Nano bowl-like Co–Co6Mo6C2coated by N,P co-doped carbon (Co–Co6Mo6C2@NPC) was synthesized using CoMo–MOF as the precursor, and the catalyst exhibited outstanding OER and ORR catalytic activity, as well as good performance for Zn–air batteries.
A water stable and highly fluorescent Zn(ii) based metal–organic framework for fast detection of Hg2+, CrVI, and antibiotics
Authors: Li Chaoxiong , Sun Xuancheng , Meng Xianggao , Wang Dunjia , Zheng Chunyang
Published: May 2023

A water-stable two-fold interpenetrated LMOF (1) with 1D channel structure and uncoordinated −NH2 group located onto the pore walls was obtained. 1 exhibits a fluorescent turn-off sensing behavior for Hg2+, Cr2O72−, CrO42− and antibiotics in aqueous solution.
Click chemistry for 3D bioprinting
Authors: Nie Lei , Sun Yanfang , Okoro Oseweuba Valentine , Deng Yaling , Jiang Guohua , Shavandi Amin
Published: May 2023

Bioinks are employed in the fabrication of 3D scaffolds containing cells and macromolecules that can be applied in regenerative medicine.
One-pot synthesis of 3-functionalized (Z)-silyl enol ethers from 1-arylallylic alcohols by C,O-difunctionalization of dipotassio α,β-dianion intermediates
Authors: Hayashi Rikuo , Narita Yutaka , Sai Masahiro
Published: May 2023

Synthesis of 3-functionalized (Z)-silyl enol ethers from readily available 1-arylallyic alcohols was achieved by C,O-difunctionalization of dipotassio α,β-dianion intermediates.
Enhancing CO2 electrolysis performance with various metal additives (Co, Fe, Ni, and Ru) – decorating the La(Sr)Fe(Mn)O3 cathode in solid oxide electrolysis cells
Authors: Lee Sang Won , Nam Tae Heon , Kim Minkyu , Lee Seokhee , Lee Kyu Hyung , Park Jong Hyeok , Shin Tae Ho
Published: May 2023

An enhanced CO2 electrolysis current density of 2.20 A cm−2 @ 1.5 V at 1123 K is achieved for LSFM electrodes using Fe catalyst rather than Ru, Ni, and Co catalysts.
Lanthanide-doped lead-free double perovskite La2MgTiO6 as ultra-bright multicolour LEDs and novel self-calibrating partition optical thermometer
Authors: Zhu Keming , Xu Hanyu , Wang Zhiying , Fu Zuoling
Published: May 2023

Multicolour LEDs and a self-calibrating partition thermometer are designed based on the excellent lanthanide compatibility of double perovskite La2MgTiO6.
Recent progress and strategies on the design of catalysts for electrochemical ammonia synthesis from nitrate reduction
Authors: Song Wei , Yue Luchao , Fan Xiaoya , Luo Yongsong , Ying Binwu , Sun Shengjun , Zheng Dongdong , Liu Qian , Hamdy Mohamed S. , Sun Xuping
Published: May 2023

This review summarizes recent advancements in catalysts for NH3electrosynthesis from NO3−, highlights various strategies to regulate their apparent or intrinsic activities, and proposes the perspective and challenges in this emerging area.
A new stable polymorph of Li2TeMo3O12with wide mid-infrared transparency and a large Raman response
Authors: She Yuheng , Liang Fei , Jiao Jinmiao , Zhao Wenli , Ye Ning , Hu Zhanggui , Wu Yicheng , Li Conggang
Published: May 2023

A new high-symmetry, stable polymorph ofβ-Li2TeMo3O12was identified and grown successfully by a flux method, and it exhibits the attractive merits of improved thermal stability and superior optical properties.
Progress in catalytic asymmetric α-functionalization of vinylogous nucleophilic species
Authors: Wang Zhen-Hua , You Yong , Zhao Jian-Qiang , Zhang Yan-Ping , Yin Jun-Qing , Yuan Wei-Cheng
Published: May 2023

This review summarizes a view of the advances in the catalytic asymmetric α-functionalization of vinylogous nucleophilic species, the content of which is categorized based on the type of vinylogous donor.
Steric hindrance-induced selective growth of rhodium on gold nanobipyramids for plasmon-enhanced nitrogen fixation
Authors: Jia Henglei , Li Fan , Yang Yuanyuan , Zhao Mengxuan , Li Jingzhao , Zhang Chun-yang
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate a synthetic strategy to construct Au/Rh nanodumbbells through the site-selective growth process. The obtained dumbbell-shaped nanostructures facilitate charge separation and promote the catalytic activity.
Computational molecular refinement to enhance enantioselectivity by reinforcing hydrogen bonding interactions in major reaction pathway
Authors: Nakanishi Taishi , Terada Masahiro
Published: May 2023

In the chiral phosphoric acid-catalysed Diels–Alder reaction of 2-vinylquinolines and dienylcarbamates, an "interaction strategy" aided by computational studies resulted in a remarkable improvement in enantioselectivity and reaction rate.
Photophysical studies for Cu(i)-based halides: broad excitation bands and highly efficient single-component warm white-light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhou Shuigen , Chen Yihao , Li Kailei , Liu Xiaowei , Zhang Ting , Shen Wei , Li Ming , Zhou Lei , He Rongxing
Published: May 2023

Three new Cu(i) based metal halides with excellent optical properties were developed by rational structural design, and a high-performance WLED was fabricated with the resulting material.