bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer Simulation of Micro-Mechanic in Pearlitic Steel Wire Drawing
Authors: Konstantinov Dmitriy , Zaritskiy Boris , Pustovoytov Denis
Published: May 2020

Cold-drawn high-carbon steel wire with pearlite microstructure is one of the most popular raw materials for modern reinforcing ropes. Lamellae thinning, changes in interlamellar interface and metallographic texture, strain localization is the main property-forming phenomena in the wire drawing process. However, the experimental study of these phenomena dynamics is difficult and time-consuming. Drawing process of pearlitic steel wire was investigated. Behavior of pearlite colonies on the surface and the central layer of the wire were researched, based on the multiscale computer simulation. Cementite lamellae orientation in relation to the drawing axis, interlamellar spacing and shape of cementite inclusions were key factors. Regularities of the pearlite colonies reorientation, changing the shape and size of cementite lamellae and strain localization in the ferrite were established on the basis of FEM. It was established that the cementite lamellae, that are parallel to the drawing axis, had the maximum thinning. Interlamellar distance in pearlite colonies with such lamellae changed most intensively. Cementite lamellae, that are perpendicular to the drawing axis, are the most susceptible to fracture. It was found out that for certain values interlamellar distance this effect can be reduced. Intensive reorientation of pearlite colonies in relation to the drawing axis was observed in the case of their location at an angle to the drawing direction. At the same time, there was a significant bending of cementite lamellae and their susceptibility to fragmentation. Estimated values of the wire mechanical properties were compared with a real experiment. The simulation results were verified by metallographic analysis.
Application of Statistical Representation of Microstructure during Simulation of Ferritic-Pearlitic Steel Wire Drawing
Authors: Konstantinov Dmitriy , Emaleeva Dinara , Pesin Alexander
Published: May 2020

Development of modelling method, which allows prediction of the properties distribution in the metal volume with the behavioral features of the microstructure under the influence of the deformation during drawing, was the objective of the paper. Multiscale model of rod drawing process was proposed. To save computing time, statistical representation of the microstructure was applied. Statistically Similar Representative Volume Element (SSRVE), representing ferritic-pearlitic steel microstructure, was developed. Simulations of the drawing process were performed, and local deformation of each structural component was predicted. Selected results, as well as discussion of the effect of microstructure on obtained stress and strain distributions, are presented in the paper.
Influence of Electrolyte-Plasma Hardening Technological Parameters on the Structure and Properties of Banding Steel 2
Authors: Tabieva Erkezhan Erkinbekkyzy , Zhurerova Laila Gylymmeddenovna , Baizhan Daryn
Published: May 2020

This work is devoted to the study of the influence of technological parameters of electrolytic-plasma surface quenching (EPQ) on the structure and surface properties of samples of bandage steel 2. In the electrolytic-plasma treatment, we performed the cathode mode in an electrolyte containing an aqueous solution of 20% carbamide (NH2)2CO and 20% sodium carbonate Na2CO3, on the installation of EPO with appropriate technological processing conditions. According to the electron-optical, X-ray phase studies, the phase composition of the steel after the EPQ was determined. This differs from the initial one by the formation of cementite and iron oxides on the surface of the samples. It is established that the microhardness of the bandage steel 2 after the EPQ during heating for 4 seconds increases 2.4 times, in comparison with the initial state.
Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel with Subsequent Processing
Authors: Raznoschikov A.S. , Kochuev Dmitry A. , Voznesenskaya Anna A.
Published: May 2020

In this work we describe the results of selective laser melting of stainless steel. The obtained samples were processed by hot isostatic pressing. Metallographic study of samples obtained after selective laser melting and hot isostatic pressing procedure was conducted. Comparison of the structure of obtained samples and a significant decrease in porosity after hot isostatic pressing was registered. The results of the phase composition by X-ray diffractometry are presented. Identified significant structural and phase changes at the study of a surface of the obtained microsections of samples, and a change in the hardness of the samples were recorded.
Porous Barriers Efficiency Research under the Compact Elements High-Speed Loading (Part Two)
Authors: Kramshonkov E.N. , Krainov A.V. , Pashkov Evgeny N.
Published: May 2020

The paper discusses the results of the numerical simulation of high-speed impact effect of compact projectiles made of steel and tungsten alloy with steel obstacles of equal mass. The obstacles have different initial porosity of the material. Conducted the final evaluation of the penetration speed of the projectile depending on the porosity of the obstacle and the initial speed of the shock interaction. The initial impact velocity range from 1 to 16 [km/s]. The destruction, melting and evaporation of the interacting bodies are taken into account. The analysis of porosity influence evaluation of obstacles material revealed that the protective advantage of porous obstacles disclose at the higher impact velocities, greater than 1.5 [km/s] for steel strikers and 2 [km/s] for projectiles of tungsten alloy. The more impact velocity the more protective effect of porous obstacles.
Structure and Phase Composition of Ni-Al-Co-Mе-Based Alloy Containing Rhenium and Ruthenium
Authors: Nikonenko E.L. , Popova Natalya A. , Koneva N.A.
Published: May 2020

The present study was conducted by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to investigate the structure of multicomponent nickel-based alloy obtained by directional solidification and change in its phase composition at high-temperature annealing. All states of the alloy possessed monocrystalline structure with [001] orientation. The alloy under study contained other elements apart from Ni, such as: Al, Co, and also Mo, Cr, W, Ta, Re, and Ru. The alloy was investigated in three states after annealing for: 1) 118 h; 2) 372 h; 3) 1274 h at 1000°С. The basic phases that form the alloy were γ and γ′. In the state after annealing for 118 h Al6(Re,Ru) phase was observed in an insignificant amount. After longer high temperature annealing new phases occurred, such as σ-phase and δ-phase, Laves phase. The structures occurring during annealing can be classified into four types: 1) quasi-cuboids, 2) anisotropic stripe structures, 3) anisotropic structures of striped type with σ-phase separation, 4) structureless zones with large two-phase areas.
Theoretical and Technological Basics of the Friction Units’ Resource Increasing
Authors: Ovsyannikov V.E. , Nekrasov R.Yu. , Deneko M.V. , Putilova U.S. , Il’yaschenko D.P.
Published: May 2020

The study considers the theoretical and technological aspects of the friction units’ resource increasing made of ferritic-pearlitic gray cast iron. It is found that chemical and thermal treatment has the best combination of criteria by the integrated technical and economic analysis for the cast iron parts’ hardening methods. The methods of the cast iron hardening used in practice are not applicable in the real production conditions. It happens because of the technological processes’ complexity and the equipment. Alternatively, the hardened layer thickness does not exceed 0.3 mm. The study considers the main aspects of the new technology application for the surface hardening, The recommendations for its application are formulated. They depend on the intended service of the part. The technical level of the offered solutions is estimated in comparison with traditional technologies of cast iron hardening.
Effect of Protective Coatings in Welded Constructions on Welding Stability and Electrode Metal Transfer into a Weld Pool in MMA
Authors: Il’yaschenko D.P. , Chinakhov Dmitry А. , Verkhoturova E.V. , Mamadaliev R.A.
Published: May 2020

The paper presents data of experimental research into the importance of protective surface coatings in welded products for MMA stability; heat field distribution patterns on their surfaces, and structure and phase composition of the welded metal. The study has revealed that a protective surface coating in a welded item in MMA has a positive effect on shortcut duration, increasing it by 5-11 %, raising its formation and transformation time by 10-12 %; 15% dimensional increase of a welded metal grain is registered as well, and a heat impact zone expands by 25%.
Preparation a Scrap of the Electronic Enterprises and its Subsequent Processing
Authors: Shmidt D.V. , Issa Bashar , Timofeev V.Yu.
Published: May 2020

The processing conditions of the of electronic wastes are largely dependent on environmental standards and requirements. Modern technologies for processing electronic waste should meet the increased demand for metals as well as the requirements. Electronic wastes can be classified as hazardous materials, as household and industrial electrical devices, which contain components such as batteries, capacitors, cathode ray tubes, etc. Electronic waste can consist of a large number of components of various sizes, shapes and chemical composition. Some of them contain hazardous metals, including mercury, lead, cadmium. The presence of precious metals in electronic waste such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, as well as non-ferrous metals (copper, nickel, zinc, tin, etc.) make it attractive for processing. In industry, both hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods are used to extract valuable metals from electronic waste. Applied technologies may have both advantages and disadvantages.
Guideline of the Swiss Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (SSGO) on acute and recurrent urinary tract infections in women, including pregnancy
Authors: Betschart Cornelia , Albrich Werner C. , Brandner Sonja , Faltin Daniel , Kuhn Annette , Surbek Daniel , Geissbühler Verena
Published: May 2020

Acute and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common auto-infectious diseases transmitted from the intestinal tract. They affect the urinary tract either through recurrence or through persistence. The incidence of UTIs increases with age and comorbidities. In this guideline from the Swiss Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (SSGO), diagnosis and treatment of UTIs are grouped into uncomplicated and complicated cases. This is to our knowledge the first guideline that specifically considers UTIs in pregnancy and breastfeeding, and the prevention of UTIs in the context of urogynaecological diagnosis and surgery. Recommendations are based on observational, retrospective or randomised controlled studies. The level of evidence was rated according to recommendations made by the Oxford Centre of Evidence-based Medicine.
In non-pregnant women and women <65 years with dysuria, pollakiuria and suprapubic pain, no urine diagnostic testing is needed. If the clinical presentation is unclear, urinary tests such as midstream urine stix or urine analysis should be used, and in cases of unclear or recurrent infections, a urine culture.
Routine screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) should not be carried out, and antibiotic treatment should be avoided in cases of incidentally detected ASB. As an exception, screening for bacteriuria should be carried out in patients prior to urogynaecological surgery where urinary drainage by catheter is necessary or probable. In pregnancy, systematic screening for ASB is not recommended, because most women with ASB do not develop complications during follow-up, and contamination of urine samples collected in pregnancy is common.
Patients should be advised that most UTIs are self-limiting, that the symptoms can be relieved with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and that the same time is required to eradicate the bacteria using antibiotics or NSAIDs. For non-pregnant women with uncomplicated UTIs, a 48-hour-delayed antibiotic prescription is recommended, supplemented by NSAIDs for pain relief. If antibiotics are needed after 48 hours, or in case of direct antibiotic administration in pregnant women, the shortest possible course of treatment should be carried out.
There is increasing interest in alternatives or complementary treatments to antibiotic therapy, especially for recurrent UTIs. Different recommendations and alternative medications are summarised.
This short and comprehensive guideline provides quick answers for every day clinical questions concerning UTIs, especially for obstetricians and gynaecologists.
First record of cyanobacteria species: Cephalothrix komarekiana, from tropical Asia
Authors: Hossain Md. Fuad , Bowange R.W.T.M.R.T.K , Kumara K.L.W. , Magana-Arachchi D.N. , Ratnayake R.R.
Published: May 2020

Cyanobacteria play an important ecological role in every ecosystem with hidden economic and social impact. Among tropical countries, Sri Lanka holds a rich biodiversity with remarkable cyanobacterial diversity. The major objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of culturable cyanobacteria from freshwater bodies of Sri Lanka, with a phylogenetic perspective. Molecular characterization followed by phylogenetic evaluations allowed identification of new species with value added potential and revealed deeper taxonomic resolutions. A total of 74 monocultures were obtained. Rare isolates; Alkalinema pantanalense (U4), Geitlerinema sp. (U36) and Westiellopsis prolifica (U58) were also among them. Novel species Cephalothrix komarekiana was identified for the first time in Sri Lanka. This species was first reported from South American continent (Brazil and Amazonian rivers in 2015 and 2017 respectively) and Korea in 2018. The present study is next in line reporting the species first time from the tropical Asia. Higher value added potential and easy culturing of C. komarekiana suggest its economical applicability in many industries. Overall, this study provides insight on diversity, ecological distribution and industrial applicability of culturable cyanobacteria from the tropics with special reference to C. komarekiana reported from Sri Lanka.
Rewriting Teacher Education: Food, Love, and Community
Authors: Grewal Imandeep K , Maher Amanda , Watters Hanna , Clemens Donacal , Webb Kaitlyn
Published: May 2020

In this article, we present the intertwining stories of a teacher education learning community who are (re) writing the current dehumanizing narrative of standardization, crisis mongering, and survival of the fittest ethos that continue to harm our learners, teachers, and communities.  We argue that when teacher education candidates are repositioned from consumers of theory and methods to inquirers of practice, their collectively constructed knowledge not only illuminates locally significant issues but also disrupts institutional hierarchies. Drawing from narrative inquiry theory and a collaborative methodical approach, we—a professor and students—share our personal stories of learning together in a required teacher education course and practicum placement at a local high school. Bringing together conceptions of voice, human capability, and “place”, we provide a layered framework to understand pedagogical practices that operate to unravel systems of standardization and hyper-individualism. Our inquiry approach, public narration, and our democratization of knowledge serve as an example of teacher education pedagogy with a disruptive agenda.
Disability and Higher Education in Palestine
Authors: Snounu Yasmin
Published: May 2020

Disability in Palestine and the experiences and practices of professors and administrators on accommodating disabled students in Palestinian higher education institutions are captured through critical ethnography mode. Disability in Palestine is discussed within the context of what I, as the researcher, call “segregating democracy.”  The term segregating democracy refers to the political bonds between Israel and the United States of America that often lead to exclusion of the indigenous Palestinian community from the rest of the world. Segregating democracy and its consequences on disability in Palestine are the context in which the experiences of the Palestinian faculty and administrators are analyzed. Using critical disability studies, while also drawing from elements of teacher development theories, this paper identifies transformational ways of thinking about disability as well as the unique role of educators in promoting/adopting inclusive pedagogical practices towards accommodating disabled students in higher education.
The Effects of Environmental Science e-Projects on Middle School Students’ Behaviors and Attitudes
Authors: Keskin Cansu , Akcay Hakan , Kapici Hasan Ozgur
Published: May 2020

Providing individuals with environmental awareness from a young age is very important for a livable and sustainable world. In this context, this study aims to investigate the impacts of the environmental science project, the Water Explorer Program, on middle school students' water usage behaviors, and attitudes. A quasi-experimental research design was used. The participants were 87 (36 girls and 51 boys) eighth-grade students from four different classes in a public school. Whereas the textbook-based instructional approach was used in the control group, the Water Explorer Program was used in the experimental group. Water usage attitudes and water usage behavior scales were administered to the groups at the beginning and end of the study. In addition to pre-post tests, reflection papers were gathered from students in the experimental group. The findings of the study revealed that students in the experimental group developed significantly better water usage behaviors, and attitudes than their counterparts in the control group. Therefore, environmental projects should be involved in science curricula.
Empreendedorismo: Estudo Bibliométrico sobre Plano de Negócios em Cervejas Artesanais
Authors: Rapôso Cláudio Filipe Lima
Published: May 2020

Destaca-se com a globalização, Rapôso et al. (2019), Rapôso e Silva (2017), como sendo um dos fatores críticos no aumento de concorrência no mercado de trabalho, gerando um aumento nas qualificações requisitadas e a dificuldade em se inserir nas vagas relacionadas. O desenvolvimento de um Plano de Negócio é de grande relevância para a previsibilidade de ações questionáveis e que possam trazer prejuízos à empresa, à sua posição em relação a fatores internos e externos, possíveis diferenciais entre os concorrentes e a capacidade de corrigir possíveis problemas. O trabalho designado tem como objetivo explanar sobre estudos bibliométricos entre os anos de 2015 a 2018. Dessa forma, deve-se evidenciar o comportamento da comunidade cientifica dos estudos no ramo de empreendedorismo. Fazer uma análise gráfica de todo conteúdo publicado e consolidar as informações. No ano 2018 foram registrados 513 trabalhos, em 2017 foram encontrados 535 registros científicos, no ano de 2016 foram registrados 517 e no ano de 2015 evidenciou-se 459 registros. Recomenda-se o incentivo de novas pesquisas sugere-se comparar os resultados encontrados dos planos de negócio do ramo com a literatura mundial, assim como a realização de pesquisas em outras bases.
OBSTÁCULOS E POSSIBILIDADES NA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR NA FACULDADE ALPHA - RECIFE - PE - BRASIL
Authors: Tavares Maria Lêda Débora de Oliveira
Published: May 2020

Esta investigação apresenta um estudo sobre obstáculos e possibilidades na Educação Inclusiva no Ensino Superior na Faculdade ALPHA - Recife - PE - Brasil. O objetivo foi analisar as principais adversidades e perspectivas no contexto da Educação Inclusiva na instituição educacional supracitada. A metodologia compõe-se de uma pesquisa de ordem qualitativa, não experimental de tipo descritivo, realizada por meio de um estudo de caso, tendo também uma abordagem quantitativa, na composição e apresentação dos resultados. Foi utilizado com instrumento de pesquisa o questionário, aplicado a 60 professores. Com os referidos resultados, ficou evidente que há alguns desafios no contexto das práticas pedagógicas, bem como perspectivas, que se evidenciam no cotidiano das ações vivenciadas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

Referências

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BRASIL. Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. 2006. Disponível em: .

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CAMPOY, T. J. Metodologia de investigação científica: Manual para elaboração de teses e trabalhos de investigação. Asunción - PY: Libraria Cervantes, 2017.

CASTILHO, A. P. Manual de Metodologia Científica. Itumbiara: ILES, 2014.

FALCÃO, L. A. B. Educação de Surdos: Ensaios pedagógicos. Recife: [s.n.], 2012.

FIGUEIREDO, R. V. Políticas de inclusão: escola-gestão da aprendizagem na diversidade. In: ROSA, D. E. G.; SOUSA, V. C. de (org.). Políticas organizativas e curriculares, educação inclusiva e formação de professores. Rio de Janeiro: DP&A, 2002.

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RICHARDSON, R. J. Pesquisa social: métodos e técnicas. São Paulo: Atlas, 1999.
Two decades of programme-based promotion of workplace innovation in Finland: past experiences and future challenges
Authors: Alasoini Tuomo
Published: May 2020

This article describes and explains the reasons for the rise and establishment ofprogramme-based promotion of workplace innovation in Finland during the last 20 years.Several ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors that have simultaneously promoted the consolidation ofthese efforts are presented. The author also examines the Finnish programmes and ‘Nordicexceptionalism’ in a broader European context, referring to the overall under-resourcingof workplace innovation activities in European public policies so far. At the end of thearticle, new challenges to workplace development deriving from the rapid reshaping ofworking life are discussed. Despite the rather gloomy picture that is painted of how debateon a good working life has been flagging in many European countries recently, the authorbelieves that the significance of workplace innovations as one of the driving forces of the‘second wave’ of ICT-based productivity growth will increase in the future. The author alsowelcomes the European Commission’s new initiative, the EUWIN project, as an importantindication that workplace innovations are also seen as increasingly important from theperspective of industrial policy in Europe.
How to understand the time we are living through
Authors: Larsson Allan
Published: May 2020

The article seeks to understand the long wave of neoliberal economic policies over the last thirty years and its impact on social conditions and the political situation in the West. The financial crisis of 2007-8 marks the end of this long wave, when some of the basic theories imploded, particularly the  financial deregulation and the trickle down theories. The end of this wave opened an “empty room”, a period without direction and destiny. Governments and political leaders have been stuck in “unfettered globalization” and austerity policies, unprepared to present new policies for widely shared prosperity. The insecurity and the growing inequalities have been exploited by political forces inside and outside the leading political parties, offering simple solutions in the form of building walls and “taking back control”. Thus, in the absence of a strong progressive policy response from the established parties, the “empty room” has become “an explosive empty room” of neo-nationalism and regressive policies. While our societies have moved to the right in terms of economic and social policy, they have moved left in terms of values such as gender equality and individual rights. A combination of economic stagnation and social decline, “insecurity in times of change”, and progress in civil rights and gender equality, has triggered the kind of political and populist revolts that we now see in the US and in many parts of Europe, exploited by conservatives and far-right parties. This can be described as “discontent of declining expectations”. Democracy and democratic institutions are at risk.
The Corporate Response to the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Totterdill Peter
Published: May 2020

From a critical perspective, Industry 4.0 risks being no more than the latest in the long line of technological predictions based on exaggerated claims. It risks drawing corporate decision-makers into patterns of investment that ultimately fail, because they ignore the importance of synergy between the design and implementation of technologies on the one hand, and human and organisational factors on the other. There is a need to articulate the choices and alternative narrative surrounding Industry 4.0.The technological advances represented by Industry 4.0 potentially offer real economic and also social benefits. At the same time, realising this potential, and avoiding the mistakes of the past, means recognising the importance of a new and more inclusive paradigm of innovation. The challenge is that of reconciling the ordered, rational organisation of work offered by emergent technologies with the creative, dialogical, serendipitous and even chaotic human interactions that can stimulate innovation.
IWOTT22 September 2018
Authors: Ennals Richard
Published: May 2020

22 September 2018
Editorial
Authors: Ennals Richard
Published: May 2020

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Democratic Dialogue and Development: An Intellectual Obituary of Björn Gustavsen
Authors: Ennals Richard
Published: May 2020

Björn Gustavsen, with an original professional background as a lawyer and judge in his native Norway, had a formative role in organisational development processes in Norway, Sweden, Scandinavia and the European Union over four decades. Following in the tradition of Norwegian working life research by Trist and Thorsrud, he provided the conceptual framework and practical case studies which have driven major national and international programmes. He learned from different experience of organisational change in, for example, the USA and Japan, but he identified a distinctive way forward for the European Union, where he acted as a senior adviser. In contrast to conventional Taylorist top-down management and reliance on expert consultants, his approach was bottom up and concept driven, with a focus on empowering workers. With a commitment to long-term sustainable processes, he emphasised the importance of capacity building and succession planning, highlighting development organisations. His approach to partnership and coalition building enabled collaboration across sectors, in the cause of creating collaborative advantage. He had a distinctive fluent academic writing style, but spent most of his time engaged in the design and practice of development, and editing the work of younger colleagues. He saw the role of academic journals and edited books in the development process, so encouraged new publications, but without seeking to dominate. He took ideas of Action Research and case studies, and applied them to national enterprise development programmes, working with the labour market parties. This resulted in a distinctive research and development culture.
Can an unconventional Socio-technical System approach open the way to new solutions and new understanding?
Authors: Haga Trond
Published: May 2020

Socio-technical System Design (STSD) was developed as an alternative to the prevailing Taylorist organisational design principles focusing on specialisation and standardisation. STSD emphasised quality of work and has thus been described as a strategy for “simple organisation and complex jobs”. This may sound like a partial strategy for developing holistic, meaningful jobs. However, it is as much about developing efficient organisations with interactions between people and technology that increase company competitiveness.STSD has taken different directions in different countries/geographic areas. All these directions emphasise holistic job design and employee participation. However, approaches to achieving holistic job design and to the role of employee participation vary. The ongoing digital revolution, often labelled Industry 4.0, is rapidly changing the conditions for work in general. Tasks that were previously manual are being automated, and communications and information are being made available to an extent not seen until now. In this landscape, it is necessary to consider whether we have suitable approaches for facing the challenges posed by these technological developments.In this paper, which considers two strands in the tradition of STSD theory and a case study, I will examine the need to introduce a familiar but rarely discussed or used STSD approach to major technological and organisational changes
Socio-technics and beyond: an approach to organisation studies and design in the second machine age
Authors: Claussen Tor , Haga Trond , Ravn Johan E.
Published: May 2020

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"From terrible teen to terrific trainee": Norwegian cases of innovative workplace-school collaboration to educate young people to become skilled workers in modern manufacturing industry
Authors: Øyum Lisbeth , Thøring Linn , Olsen Dorothy Sutherland
Published: May 2020

Contemporary debates over "the factory of the future" show that industries will need vocational workers that are empowered and skilled to act as decision-makers and controllers, holding technical and social skills of a high standard. Further, industrial development demands enough supply of skilled vocational workers. In Norway, a parallel concern is drop-out rates from upper secondary education. Consequently, it is of joint concern for the manufacturing industries, the secondary education system and the welfare state alike to ensure that young people choose vocational education and that they finish their education with skills and motivation needed to contribute in the "future manufacturing factory". The research question is the following: How can lower secondary schools or vocational colleges collaborate with industrial companies as to motivate young people to become vocational workers who are educated in the technical and generic skills needed for future manufacturing industries? With an action research approach, we explore on experiments of such innovative collaboration. We find that workplace-learning motivates young people to learn both trade specific and generic competencies. Thus, we argue that the lower secondary school-system must be included in what traditionally has been vocational education-workplace collaboration. Further, we find that the learning of future skill requirements presupposes collective learning processes and authentic problem solving. Finally, we argue that competencies fit well as an inclusion in both the social- and technological dimensions of socio-technical systems design, but more research is needed on the mechanisms by which competencies become "inputs" and "outputs" of future work designs.
Forbedring av skriveferdigheter og økt selvtillit gjennom grammatikkundervisning
Authors: Horverak May Olaug
Published: May 2020

Denne artikkelen oppsummerer et forskningsprosjekt på skriveferdigheter gjennomført i videregående skole våren 2010. Hovedmålet med dette forskningsprosjektet var å undersøke om grammatikkundervisning i norsk og engelsk kan forbedre elevers skriveferdigheter, og om dette igjen vil gi elevene økt selvtillit når det gjelder skriving. I forskningsprosjektet ble det brukt to testgrupper og to kontrollgrupper, og testgruppene ble utsatt for et undervisningseksperiment, hvor fokus var på ulike typer sammenbindinger. Resultatene fra prosjektet viser enkelte interessante funn, mellom annet en økt variasjon i forhold til bruk av sammenbindingselementer som uttrykker motsetningsforhold etter endt undervisningseksperiment. Et annet interessant funn var at denne effekten kunne en se både når elevene skrev på norsk, som er deres morsmål, og engelsk. Det er lite dokumentert forskning innen dette feltet i Norge, og erfaringene fra dette forskningsprosjektet vil kunne bidra til refleksjon rundt videre forskning på sammenhenger mellom skriveferdigheter og grammatikkundervisning.
Literacy i språkfagene: kunnskaper, ferdigheter og vurdering
Authors: Langseth Inger
Published: May 2020

This article discusses reading and writing in a foreign language (English, French, Spanish, German etc.) Foreign language learning carries an additional challenge compared to other school subjects. The foreign language is both the subject the students are learning and the language they are learning in. Therefore, the students must reach a certain language level before they can communicate in the foreign language. Likewise, their literacy skills in their mother language can only be transferred to their foreign language when they have reached a certain communicative level in the foreign language. Some students struggle to reach this level, referred to as the threshold level (B1), during the two to five years of tuition. Students also need help from the teacher in order to develop literacy strategies in the foreign language. In order to scaffold the students’ literacy development, the teachers need knowledge about the reading and writing processes.  How can teachers develop an instructional design that promotes literacy in their classroom? How can they give feedback that moves the students forward? How can this be done in a digital context? This article tries to answer these questions.
Fremmedspråkundervisningen i Norge. Nye veger, nye dører, nye muligheter
Authors: Lindemann Beate , Brox Larsen Annelise
Published: May 2020

Norwegian pupils  only achieve  a low level of proficiency in third languages such as French, German, and Spanish. with that startingpoint  the article wants to explore new ways of introducing these languages in school. The project considers   different models of organizing  third language education in European countries such as Germany and the Netherlands, and evaluates  the possibilities for adapting  similar models in schools in Norway.
The Prima Vista Line by Line Research Method
Authors: Wiland Signe Mari
Published: May 2020

In this article I argue for the justification of an experimental research method in poetry response in English as a foreign language. I claim that to exploit the resources of student readers in a better way, a method is needed to elicit uncensored primary responses that are often lost in the classroom. Unless student readers are allowed to encounter a poem personally and sincerely, and read it line by line, the primary reactions will be lost and language learning through poetry will be hampered. The primary reactions include the readers’ experiences in terms of knowledge of language and poetic devices, in addition to emotional and psychological reactions during the reading of a poem in English. On the basis of reader-oriented theories of literature I challenge traditional approaches to poetry research, which in turn may affect the teaching of poetry in a foreign language.
Linking Readers Theatre to CLIL in foreign language education
Authors: Drew Ion
Published: May 2020

This article explores the potential of linking Readers Theatre (RT), a group reading aloud activity, with Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in foreign language education. Both RT and CLIL, independent of each other, have demonstrated affective and cognitive benefits for foreign language learners. Examples are provided of how subject matter texts, for example about history, can be adapted and created for RT in the foreign language classroom. Reference is made to positive experiences for both learners and teachers of the combination of RT and CLIL in lower secondary English classrooms in Norway. Finally, classroom implications are addressed, for example how the combination of RT and CLIL integrates different language skills, how combining the two allows for a focus on form within a meaning-based approach, and how group dynamics can aid the individual learner.
What counts as ”knowledge” in foreign language teaching and learning practices today?
Authors: Tornberg Ulrika
Published: May 2020

Abstract The purpose of this text is to describe and problematize possible didactic consequences for the communicative aspects of foreign language teaching and learning that the contemporary discussion at both national and transnational levels about ”knowledge” and ”accountability” in education may lead to. This discussion concerns, among other issues,  various standardized measurements of pupils achievements and increasing demands on schools and teachers to deliver measurable and comparable results.   What, then, counts as ”knowledge” in foreign language teaching and learning practices today? By undertaking a critical discourse analysis (Fairclough 1989) of the maybe most important transnational steering instrument for language teaching and learning practices in contemporary Europe, i.e.,The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Teaching,Learning and Assessment (CEFR) (2001) at least some answers to this questions may be clarified:  The discourse of ”knowledge” in foreign language teaching and learning as expressed in CEFR is described by means of a typology of decontextualized  ”competences” and ”skills”, cathegorized  in specific domains  and reference levels. One of the consequences for the communicative aspects of foreign language teaching and learning practices may be that a former democracy-oriented discussion about the aims and meaning of language communication in an increasingly heterogeneous and plurilingual world is lost.   Key words: Communicative aspects of foreign language teaching and learning practices, ”Knowledge”, ”Accountability”, ”Competences and Skills”, CEFR, critical discourse analysis.
Action research into the use of popular music: A goldmine worth exploring in the ELT secondary-school classroom?
Authors: Langeland Agnes S Dunsire
Published: May 2020

Abstract Conducting action research is an excellent way for teachers and teacher trainers to pursue their professional development inside the classroom and for language learners to take part in small-scale research projects. This article presents a study where action research was used in the teaching and learning of English in a Norwegian upper-secondary school. A class of thirty, first-year Vg1 pupils took part in a project to investigate either lexico-grammatical or multimodal features in a selection of popular music while working towards achieving some of the competence aims in the English subject curriculum. The project involved dividing the learners into two groups each of which followed a different approach to investigating the lyrics and, in the case of one group, also the videos. The same written assignment was given to both groups to see if similar or diverging results emerged that might be related to the different approaches used. The learners were also given a pre-project and a post-project questionnaire to probe their thoughts and reactions to the learning process. Both approaches made use of music performances on YouTube; these represent a rich, multimodal language resource appreciated by adolescents but tending to be underexploited by English language teachers. Besides presenting the actual study, this article is intended as a step-by-step guide for teachers who would like to implement similar action in their own classrooms.
John Stewart and Stephen Colbert as Jesters in King Harald’s Court: Relying on Heavily Humor when Teaching English at Home and Abroad
Authors: Irvine Colin
Published: May 2020

John Stewart and Stephen Colbert as Jesters in King Harald’s Court: Relying on Heavily Humor when Teaching English at Home and Abroad
"Litteratur på nett" Om utvikling av digitale læringsressurser til bruk i litteraturundervisning på spansk
Authors: Lønn Cecilie , Drange Eli-Marie Danbolt
Published: May 2020

I denne artikkelen vil vi presentere de digitale læringsressursene vi har utviklet i forbindelse med prosjektet Litteratur på nett, der vi har utviklet en elektronisk lærebok i spanskspråklig litteratur til bruk i emnet Litteratur og kultur i Latin-Amerika og Spania. Først vil vi si litt om bakgrunnen for prosjektet, før vi presenterer de digitale ressursene og de erfaringene vi har gjort igjennom å bruke disse. Den elektroniske læreboka består av ulike digitale ressurser, som er bygd opp rundt de litterære tekstene som inngår i emnets pensum. Hver novelle, roman eller dikt har derfor ett sett med digitale ressurser, der hovedkomponenten er en videodialog der faglærerne samtaler om den litterære teksten. Det er også laget videodialoger som handler om forfattere, litterære epoker, osv. For hver av novellene er det også laget vokabularlister, lydfiler, arbeidsoppgaver og lenker til ekstern informasjon, og målet har vært å hjelpe studentene i arbeidet med de litterære tekstene på det som er et fremmedspråk for de fleste, slik at de kunne forberede seg bedre til seminartimene på campus. Selv om ressursene er utviklet for studenter på universitetsnivå, kan den elektroniske læreboka fungere som en modell som enkelt kan overføres og tilpasses andre fag og nivåer. Modellen består av en videodialog med oppfølgingsspørsmål, nøkkelord, diskusjonsspørsmål, refleksjonsspørsmål, oppsummering og forslag til videre arbeid.
Om referat av tale og tanker. Innspill til grammatikk- og språkferdighetsundervisningen i tysk på universitets- og høgskolenivå.
Authors: Solfjeld Kåre
Published: May 2020

This article presents aspects of reported speech in modern German from a contrastive Norwegian-German perspective. It focuses in particular on the use of indicative mood in German reported speech and suggests topics which should be thematised when teaching German indirect speech at university level.
Being an exchange student in the USA: How does it affect a student’s oral English skills? A case study.
Authors: Askland Sigrunn
Published: May 2020

It is uncontroversial to assume that learners of foreignlanguages who spend extended periods of time in an environment of nativespeakers will improve greatly with regard to oral skills. However, according tomodern theories of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), it is also assumed thatsome features of a language are more difficult to acquire than others. Thisarticle explores how the oral English skills of a Norwegian teenager havedeveloped in the course of one year as an exchange student in the USA. Fluencyalong with grammatical and phonological features have been examined before andafter the student’s stay abroad, and accuracy rates have been discussed andcompared, also taking into account relevant theories of SLA. Finally, somedidactic implications are addressed as to what aspects of English should betaught at what stage in a student’s education.
Picture books in EFL; vehicles of culture and visual literacy
Authors: Birketveit Anna
Published: May 2020

Drawing on recent developments within the teaching of foreign languages, this article discusses the potential of picture books in teaching visual and verbal reading skills in English as a foreign language (EFL). Learner motivation is considered to be of increasing importance, and the article discusses various aspects of picture books which can contribute to learner motivation for reading. Through a thorough examination or the iconotext and peritext of three picture books, this article discusses how the interaction of pictures and words work together to bring across messages. In The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales by Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith traditional fairy tales are subverted and interrogated. In Rose Blanche by Ian McEvan and Roberto Innocenti, a child’s experience of the Second World War is explored, and in Zoo by Anthony Browne, the text addresses both the child and the adult reader on the serious themes of human nature and animals held in captivity. Additionally, the pedagogical potential of each text is discussed.
Hvordan kan digitale læringsressurser bidra til økt studentaktivitet i klasserommet?
Authors: Drange Eli-Marie Danbolt , Lønn Cecilie
Published: May 2020

I denne artikkelen beskriver vi hvordan vi arbeidet med å utvikle digitale læringsressurser til et emne i spanskspråklig litteratur på universitetsnivå i prosjektet Litteratur på nett. Målet med de digitale læringsressursene var å gi studentene en støtte i arbeidet med å lese autentiske litterære tekster på spansk. For å kartlegge hvordan læringsressursene ble brukt, fulgte vi studentene tett igjennom spørreskjema, studentevalueringer og fokusgruppeintervjuer. Fordelen med å utvikle læringsressurser over tid og parallelt med at de ble brukt i faktisk undervisning, var at det var mulig å gjøre justeringer underveis. Det ga også rom for ideer til nye ressurser som supplerte de eksisterende ressursene. Hovedelementet i de digitale læringsressursene er videodialogene, som er videoopptak av to faglærere som samtaler om de litterære tekstene på spansk. I videodialogene presenteres blant annet tekstenes story, som bidrar til at studentene forstår innholdet i tekstene bedre. En økt forståelse for innholdet i tekstene, skapte et behov for et konkret vokabular for å snakke om tekstene. Vi utviklet da en komponent vi har kalt for nøkkelord, som er et knippe sentrale ord i teksten som er nødvendig å kunne for å snakke om teksten og som gir innganger til dypere forståelse. Nøkkelordene fungerer også som knagger for å huske innholdet i teksten. Arbeidet med å utvikle og implementere digitale læringsressurser i undervisningen har lært oss at det er viktig at læringsressursene blir en integrert del av læringsprosessen. Når de digitale læringsressursene inngår i et dialogisk forhold mellom lærere, studenter og ansikt-til-ansikt undervisning, bidrar de til økt studentaktivitet, som igjen skaper økt motivasjon og i siste instans bidrar til økt kvalitet i undervisningen.