bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Background to the Use of Plasmapheresis in Complex Therapy and Rehabilitation of Oncologic Patients
Authors: Gilmutdinova I.R. , Eremin P.S.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Oncological diseases take the second place in the world in mortality rate after cardiovascular pathology. The development of the tumor is accompanied by the appearance and accumulation of a number of pathological metabolites. At the same time, it is worth noting that the expansion of indications for the use of surgical methods of treatment, as well as an increase in the range of medicated antitumor drugs, especially against the background of combination therapy, is still accompanied by aggressive effects on the patient's body. Thus, the consequences of radiation and chemotherapy are quite significant and consist of the cumulation of cytotoxic drugs that are toxic not only for tumor cells, but also for other tissue structures of the body. In this connection, intensive therapy of endogenous intoxication in case of tumor lesions is one of the complex interdisciplinary problems, in which should participate surgeons, resuscitators, pathophysiologists, transfusiologists.
Purpose. Analysis of literature data on the use of plasmapheresis as an effective component of rehabilitation measures from the point of view of pathophysiology in cancer patients.
Conclusion. Considering the possibility of using extracorporeal detoxification methods in the treatment and rehabilitation of cancer patients, it should be noted that, against the background of chemotherapy and / or radiation therapy, plasmapheresis is one of the most common indications for use. Positive responses after plasmapheresis have been reported in patients with carcinoma of the lung, colon and breast. In addition, there are reports of the effectiveness of the method in patients with melanoma, head and neck tumors, lymphomas, leukemia and Kaposi’s sarcoma with acquired immunodeficiency. However, there is currently a limited number of studies aimed at the effectiveness of the use of extracorporeal detoxification in the complex treatment of cancer patients.
Health Impact of Fuel Poverty
Authors: Condemi V. , Gestro M. , Solimene U.
Published: October 2020

This chapter reviews current knowledge about the health effects of several environmental conditions on home fuel poverty, including physiological and epidemiological aspects of cold and heat related illness, and epidemiological studies on excess morbidity and mortality. the inadequate home concept has been addressed with further contributions that have on mental health, asthma (dampness and mould), noise, CO poisoning and lung cancer for radon exposure. Measures for reducing cold and heat related mortality and morbidity related to poor energy housing include appropriate urban planning and housing design. this contributes confirm that poor housing quality is a significant public health issue. However, to realize a large health potential associated with adequate, safe and healthy homes, joint action on health and nonhealth sectors is required. the development of specific guidelines for general and healthcare practitioners to better manage information on patients living in bad situations of fuel poverty is desirable.
Functiоnal Deviatiоns оf Vegetative Nervоus System in Girls with Gynaecоlоgical Pathоlоgy and their Dynamics under the Influence оf Sanatоrium Treatment
Authors: Garmash О.I. , Kurganоva A.V. , Tataurova V.P. , Gavrilova O.F.
Published: October 2020

Purpose. Detectiоn and cоrrectiоn оf vegetative deviatiоns in girls with impaired menstrual functiоn, inflammatоry diseases оf appendages, after оperative interventiоns abоut cysts at the stage оf sanatоrium treatment.
Materials and methоds. Clinical-functiоnal studies were carried оut in dynamics, including assessment оf the state оf vegetative regulatiоn by spectral analysis оf heart rhythm variability, catechоlamine urine hоrmоnes.
Results. Under supervisiоn there were 126 girls between the ages оf 9 and 15 whо arrived fоr sanatоrium treatment. Perfоrmed sanatоrium treatment: 66 girls with menstrual functiоn disоrders including pyrecetam electrоphоresis by eye-оccipital methоd against the backgrоund оf sanatоrium regime, LFC, 32 girls with inflammatоry diseases оf pelvic оrgans receiving SMT – Phоresis оf the mud sоlutiоn оn the abdоminal bоttоm, micrоclysms with sage, 28 girls after gynaecоlоgical оperatiоns receiving laser therapy оn the оvarian area, phоnоphоresis оn the abdоminal bоttоm and lоcal therapy in the fоrm оf micrоclysms with sage allоwed tо оbtain a favоrable effect оf the functiоnal state оf BHS, first оf all, due to reductiоn оf the impact оn the BDR оf the central humоral-metabоlic cоmpоnent, reductiоn of excessive activity.
Cоnclusiоns. The effectiveness оf sanatоrium and spa treatment оf girls with gynecоlоgical pathоlоgy with menstrual cycle disоrders, inflammatоry diseases оf pelvic оrgans and after gynecоlоgical оperatiоns depends оn the individual purpоse оf the therapeutic cоmplex taking intо accоunt the expressiоn оf deviatiоns оf the state оf the vegetative nervоus system.
Peloidotherapy in Pediatric Practice in the Conditions of a Ballogray Resort
Authors: Poberskaya V.A. , Lyan N.A.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Currently, sulfide silt mud of Lake Saka has been widely used in both adult and pediatric practice, which has a positive effect in the treatment of various diseases. The effectiveness of peloidotherapy in the rehabilitation treatment of children with a number of chronic and disabling diseases has been established.
The purpose of the review is to summarize and analyze the accumulated experience of applying peloidotherapy in children with various diseases.
In order to achieve a targeted effect, it is necessary to study previously carried out scientific studies on the in-depth study of the mechanism of therapeutic action of natural factors. Data on methodology of application of peloidotherapy based on highly mineralized silt sulphide mud of Black Sea resorts are presented. It is necessary to take into account the response of the child body to peloidotherapy, which depend on the individual capabilities of the body, in connection with which the parameters of mud treatment methods in pediatrics should be justified. Indications for peloidotherapy for diseases of the cardiovascular system have been developed. The purpose of application method of peloidotherapy in the complex of sanatorium treatment of children with chronic bronchitis, pneumonia and other bronchopulmonary diseases is recognized in order to provide reparative and regenerative, anti-inflammatory, trophostimulating, anti-inflammatory, resolving effect, to improve bronchial permeability, ventilation function.. The dynamics of endothelial dysfunction indices in children with rheumatoid arthritis under the influence of spa treatment using mud applications, the results of complex spa treatment of children with different forms of pyelonephritis in clinical-laboratory remission against the background of application of Saki silt mud were studied. In children with celiac disease the efficiency of therapeutic complex of physical factors influence on pathogenetic links of the disease is shown. Extensive experience has been gained in mud treatment of children with cerebral palsy.
Conclusion. In peloidotherapy, individual approaches to comprehensive rehabilitation are applied depending on the clinical picture of the disease with repeated treatment courses.
Influence of Peloid Therapy on the Condition and Functional Activity of the Glands of Internal Secretion in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (Clinical and Experimental Study)
Authors: Kaladze N.N. , Zyablitskaya E.Y.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of hormones of the pituitary-gonadal-thyroid axis in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis under the influence of peloid therapy and to establish the corresponding morphological changes in the pituitary gland, gonads and the thyroid gland of white Wistar rats with induced adjuvant arthritis during peloid therapy. Material and methods. 46 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were examined during their rehabilitation at sanatoria. The effect of peloid therapy on the pituitary-gonadal-thyroid axis was evaluated based on the changes in the levels of the main hormones LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone, TSH, T3, T4. The control group consisted of 15 healthy age-mates. Morphological changes in the pituitary, testes, ovaries and thyroid gland were studied in 24 white Wistar rats with adjuvant arthritis. Results. In juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the pituitary-gonad-thyroid axis is activated, which is manifested by a decrease in the production of FSH, LH, TSH, testosterone in boys of all age groups and estradiol both in girls regardless of their age and in boys 12–17 years of age. At the same time, an increase in secretion of T3, T4 was observed. The most pronounced deviations were noted in patients with a systemic form of the disease, with a high degree of severity and duration of the disease. The inclusion of mud therapy into the program of sanatorium rehabilitation leads to positive changes in the levels of the studied hormones. The experiment with induced adjuvant arthritis revealed reversible ultrastructural and tinctorial changes in the thyrotropocytes and gonadotropocytes of the pituitary gland, as well as impaired differentiation and partial destruction of the structural elements in the thyroid gland and gonads. The course of peloid therapy had a positive effect on the condition of the thyroid gland and gonads in the experimental animals, which was manifested by the restoration of structural and functional organization. Conclusion. Peloid therapy has a positive effect on the functional activity of the pituitary-gonadal thyroid axis in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, which has been confirmed by experimental data.
Digital Transformation in the Concept of Internal Banking Risk Management
Authors: Pasinitsky D. V.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to a targeted analysis of promising displacements in the guiding ideas of managing internal banking risks. Based on the study, the author proposes to intensify the introduction of digital technologies in banking practice based on: artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining.
Field research at an industrial enterprise: results and methodological reflection
Authors: Толочек В.А.
Published: October 2020

Цель: анализ методологических, методических и организационных аспектов проведения научно-исследовательских работ (НИР)) в современной организации. Методы: анализ научной литературы, рефлексия опыта проведения НИР. База исследований: четыре крупных промышленных предприятиях Пермского края (увеличивающих выпуск продукции в последние 3-5 лет). Мета-проблема настоящей работы - методология и методы полевых исследований как особого класса НИР,- обсуждается на примере наблюдения и изучения поведения и деятельности субъектов в разных социальных ситуациях. Показано, что разные социальные группы работников по разному относятся к обследованиям (от лояльности до открытого саботажа). Резюмируется: проведение комплексных исследований крайне сложно (в организационном, методологическом, методическом аспектах). Вариантом решения могут стать модули - операциональные единицы (включающие эмпирические данные разного рода), проведение этапных «срезов», мониторинг в продолжении 5-10 лет; объектами - целостные системы: Государство ⇆ Регион ⇆ Предприятие ⇆ Подразделения ⇆ Рабочие группы ⇆ Субъекты ⇆ Личность.

Purpose: analysis of the methodological, methodological and organizational aspects of research and development (R&D)) in a modern organization. Methods: scientific literature analysis, reflection of research experience. Research base: four large industrial enterprises of the Perm Territory (increasing production in the last 3-5 years). The meta-problem of this work - the methodology and methods of field research (as a special class of research work) - is discussed using the example of observation and study of the behavior and activities of subjects in different social situations. It is shown that different social groups of workers have different attitudes towards surveys (from loyalty to open sabotage). It is summarized: conducting complex research is extremely difficult (in organizational, methodological, methodological aspects). Modules - operational “units” (including empirical data of various kinds, staged “slices”, monitoring for 5-10 years) can become a solution option; the objects of research are integral systems: State ⇆ Region ⇆ Enterprise ⇆ Subdivisions ⇆ Working groups ⇆ Subjects ⇆ Personality.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMULATION MODEL OF THE BEHAVIOR OF A SUBJECT OF LABOR ON THE LABOR MARKET
Authors: Баканов А. С.
Published: October 2020

В статье описан процесс разработки модели поведения субъекта труда на рынке труда. В рамках модели субъекты труда подразделены на две группы: представители социономических и представители технономических профессий. Переходы между узлами модели осуществляются согласно матрице смежности, а также условной либо безусловной вероятности перехода. Представленная модель визуализирована, в статье приводятся экранные кадры программной реализации модели. Описанная модель, позволяет визуализировать, прогнозировать и анализировать процессы на рынке труда в краткосрочной, среднесрочной и долгосрочной перспективе. В настоящее время, задача разработки моделей рынка труда, является важной и актуальной, поскольку такие модели позволят прогнозировать последствия кризисов и снизить их негативные последствия. На основе моделей рынка труда и с учетом результатов, полученных в процессе моделирования возможно разрабатывать эффективные антикризисные программы профессиональной ориентации и профессиональной переориентации.

The article describes the process of developing a model of behavior of a labor subject in the labor market. Within the framework of the model, the subjects of labor are divided into two groups: representatives of socionomic and representatives of technonomic professions. Transitions between the nodes of the model are carried out according to the adjacency matrix, as well as the conditional or unconditional transition probability. The presented model is visualized, the article provides screen shots of the software implementation of the model. The described model allows you to visualize, predict and analyze processes in the labor market in the short, medium and long term. Currently, the task of developing models of the labor market is important and relevant, since such models will allow predicting the consequences of crises and reducing their negative consequences. Based on labor market models and taking into account the results obtained in the modeling process, it is possible to develop effective anti-crisis programs for vocational guidance and professional reorientation.
PROFESSIONAL ROLE IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE WORK ENVIRONMENT PERCEPTION PROCESSES
Authors: Гуцыкова С.В.
Published: October 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена значимостью качества коммуникации Статья посвящена анализу профессиональной роли в восприятии приоритетных факторов рабочей среды, которые ассоциируются с безопасностью и стратегиями организационного развития конкретной организации. Различия в профессиональной роли, связанные с профессиональной позицией и регуляцией поведения представителей разных профессиональных групп в пределах одной и той же организации, зачастую провоцируют расхождения в том, какие аспекты рабочей среды в первую очередь следует принимать во внимание, направляя усилия на их оптимизацию. Данный момент является крайне важным для планирования и реализации мероприятий по оптимизации рабочей среды, которая будет соответствовать и стандартным нормам требований безопасности, и суверенитету безопасности отдельно взятых лиц в организации. В статье также обозначена весомая роль профессионального опыта в детерминации процессов восприятия рабочей среды.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the professional role in the perception of the priority factors of the working environment, which are associated with safety and organizational development strategies of a particular organization. Differences in professional roles associated with the professional position and regulation of behavior of representatives of different professional groups within the same organization often provoke discrepancies in which aspects of the work environment should be taken into account in the first place, directing efforts to optimize them. This moment is extremely important for planning and implementing measures to optimize the working environment, which will comply with both standard safety requirements and the security sovereignty of individuals in the organization. The article also outlines the significant role of professional experience in the determination of the processes of perception of the working environment.
Utilizing a Database of Simulated Geometric Albedo Spectra for Photometric Characterization of Rocky Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: Smith Adam J. R. W. , Mandell Avi M. , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Dane Moore Michael
Published: October 2020

In anticipation of future flagship missions focused on the goal of achieving direct imaging of rocky exoplanets, we have developed a database of models to help the community examine the potential spectral characteristics of a broad range of rocky planet atmospheres. Using the publicly available Planetary Spectrum Generator, we have computed a grid of 141,600 rocky exoplanet geometric albedo spectra across a seven-dimensional parameter space. Using this grid, we have performed a color–color analysis seeking to identify the most useful near-UV and red or near-infrared photometric follow-up channels to combine with a green-optical (discovery) spectral channel. We found that a combination of filters at 0.4, 0.58, and ∼0.8 μm were able to distinguish between atmospheres with moderate-to-high concentrations of four different dominant absorbing constituents, given at least 10 hr of observation on a star at 10 parsec with a 15 m class space telescope; however, more moderate abundances similar to those of solar system rocky bodies would be more challenging to detect. We recommend that future missions seeking to characterize directly imaged rocky exoplanets by colors alone further consider multiband photometry as a first discriminator for planetary characteristics.
Detection of Cyclopropenylidene on Titan with ALMA
Authors: Nixon Conor A. , Thelen Alexander E. , Cordiner Martin A. , Kisiel Zbigniew , Charnley Steven B. , Molter Edward M. , Serigano Joseph , Irwin Patrick G. J. , Teanby Nicholas A. , Kuan Yi-Jehng
Published: October 2020

We report the first detection on Titan of the small cyclic molecule cyclopropenylidene (c-C3H2) from high-sensitivity spectroscopic observations made with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Multiple lines of cyclopropenylidene were detected in two separate data sets: ∼251 GHz in 2016 (Band 6) and ∼352 GHz in 2017 (Band 7). Modeling of these emissions indicates abundances of 0.50 ± 0.14 ppb (2016) and 0.28 ± 0.08 (2017) for a 350 km step model, which may either signify a decrease in abundance, or a mean value of 0.33 ± 0.07 ppb. Inferred column abundances are (3–5) × 1012 cm−2 in 2016 and (1–2) × 1012 cm−2 in 2017, similar to photochemical model predictions. Previously the C3H

ion has been measured in Titan’s ionosphere by Cassini’s Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS), but the neutral (unprotonated) species has not been detected until now, and aromatic versus aliphatic structure could not be determined by the INMS. Our work therefore represents the first unambiguous detection of cyclopropenylidene, the second known cyclic molecule in Titan’s atmosphere along with benzene (C6H6) and the first time this molecule has been detected in a planetary atmosphere. We also searched for the N-heterocycle molecules pyridine and pyrimidine finding nondetections in both cases, and determining 2σ upper limits of 1.15 ppb (c-C5H5N) and 0.85 ppb (c-C4H4N2) for uniform abundances above 300 km. These new results on cyclic molecules provide fresh constraints on photochemical pathways in Titan’s atmosphere, and will require new modeling and experimental work to fully understand the implications for complex molecule formation.
Multi-orbital-phase and Multiband Characterization of Exoplanetary Atmospheres with Reflected Light Spectra
Authors: Damiano Mario , Hu Renyu , Hildebrandt Sergi R.
Published: October 2020

Direct imaging of widely separated exoplanets from space will obtain their reflected light spectra and measure atmospheric properties. Previous calculations have shown that a change in the orbital phase would cause a spectral signal, but whether this signal may be used to characterize the atmosphere has not been shown. We simulate starshade-enabled observations of the planet 47 UMa b, using the present most realistic simulator Starshade Imaging Simulation Toolkit for Exoplanet Reconnaissance to estimate the uncertainties due to residual starlight, solar glint, and exozodiacal light. We then use the Bayesian retrieval algorithm ExoReL

to determine the constraints on the atmospheric properties from observations using a Roman- or Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx)-like telescope, comparing the strategies to observe at multiple orbital phases or in multiple wavelength bands. With a ∼20% bandwidth in 600–800 nm on a Roman-like telescope, the retrieval finds a degenerate scenario with a lower gas abundance and a deeper or absent cloud than the truth. Repeating the observation at a different orbital phase or at a second 20% wavelength band in 800–1000 nm, with the same integration time and thus degraded signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), would effectively eliminate this degenerate solution. Single observation with a HabEx-like telescope would yield high-precision constraints on the gas abundances and cloud properties, without the degenerate scenario. These results are also generally applicable to high-contrast spectroscopy with a coronagraph with a similar wavelength coverage and S/N, and can help design the wavelength bandwidth and the observation plan of exoplanet direct-imaging experiments in the future.
A Multiwavelength Study of PSR J1119–6127 after 2016 Outburst
Authors: Wang H.-H. , Lin L. C.-C. , Dai S. , Takata J. , Li K. L. , Hu C.-P. , Hou X.
Published: October 2020

The high magnetic field pulsar PSR J1119−6127, detected from radio to high-energy wavelengths, underwent a magnetar-like outburst beginning on 2016 July 27. In this paper, we study the postoutburst multiwavelength properties of this pulsar from the radio to GeV bands and discuss its similarity with the outburst of the magnetar XTE J1810−197. In phase-resolved spectral analysis of 0.5–10 keV X-ray data collected in 2016 August, the on- and off-pulse spectra are both characterized by two blackbody components and also require a power-law component similar to the hard X-ray spectra of magnetars. This power-law component is no longer distinguishable in data from 2016 December. We likewise find that there was no substantial shift between the radio and X-ray pulse peaks after the 2016 X-ray outburst. The gamma-ray pulsation after the X-ray outburst is confirmed with data taken after 2016 December, and the pulse structure and phase difference between the gamma-ray and radio peaks (∼0.4 cycle) are also consistent with those before the X-ray outburst. These multiwavelength observations suggest that the reconfiguration of the global magnetosphere after the 2016 magnetar-like outburst continued for at most about 6 months. We discuss the evolution of the X-ray emission after the 2016 outburst with the untwisting magnetosphere model.
EVR-CB-004: An Inflated Hot Subdwarf O Star + Unseen WD Companion in a Compact Binary Discovered with the Evryscope
Authors: Ratzloff Jeffrey K. , Kupfer Thomas , Barlow Brad N. , Schneider David , Marsh Thomas R. , Heber Ulrich , Corcoran Kyle A. , Bauer Evan , Hämmerich Steven , Corbett Henry T. , Glazier Amy , Howard Ward S. , Law Nicholas M.
Published: October 2020

We present the discovery of EVR-CB-004, a close binary with a remnant stellar core and an unseen white dwarf (WD) companion. The analysis in this work reveals that the primary is potentially an inflated hot subdwarf (sdO) and more likely is a rarer post–blue horizontal branch (post-BHB) star. Post-BHBs are the short-lived shell-burning final stage of a blue horizontal star or hot subdwarf before transitioning to a WD. This object was discovered using Evryscope photometric data in a southern all-sky hot subdwarf variability survey. The photometric light curve for EVR-CB-004 shows multicomponent variability from ellipsoidal deformation of the primary and Doppler boosting, as well as gravitational limb darkening. The binary EVR-CB-004 is one of just a handful of known systems and has a long period (6.08426 hr) and large-amplitude ellipsoidal modulation (16.0% change in brightness from maximum to minimum) for these extremely close binary systems, while the properties of the primary make it a truly unique system. It also shows a peculiar low-amplitude (less than 1%) sinusoidal light-curve variation with a period that is a 1/3 resonance of the binary period. We tentatively identify this additional variation source as a tidally induced resonant pulsation, and we suggest follow-up observations that could verify this interpretation. From the evolutionary state of the system, its components, and its mass fraction, EVR-CB-004 is a strong merger candidate to form a single high-mass (≈1.2 M
⊙) WD. It offers a glimpse into a brief phase of remnant core evolution and secondary variation not seen before in a compact binary.
Evidence for and Analysis of Multiple Hidden Coronal Strands in Cross-sectional Emission Profiles: Further Results from NASA’s High-resolution Solar Coronal Imager
Authors: Williams Thomas , Walsh Robert W. , Peter Hardi , Winebarger Amy R.
Published: October 2020

Previous work utilizing NASA’s High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C 2.1) 172 Å observations revealed that, even at the increased spatial scales available in the dataset, there may be evidence for coronal structures that are still not fully resolved. In this follow-up study, cross-section slices of coronal strands are taken across the Hi-C 2.1 field of view. Following previous loop-width studies, the background emission is removed to isolate the coronal strands. The resulting intensity variations are reproduced by simultaneously fitting multiple Gaussian profiles using a nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting method. In total, 183 Gaussian profiles are examined for possible structures that are hinted at in the data. The full width at half maximum is determined for each Gaussian, which are then collated and analyzed. The most frequent structural widths are ≈450–575 km with 47% of the strand widths beneath NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) resolving scale (600–1000 km). Only 17% reside beneath an AIA pixel width (435 km) with just 6% of the strands at the Hi-C 2.1 resolving scale (≈220–340 km). These results suggest that non-Gaussian shaped cross-sectional emission profiles observed by Hi-C 2.1 are the result of multiple strands along the integrated line of sight that can be resolved, rather than being the result of even finer sub-resolution elements.
The Hidden Past of M92: Detection and Characterization of a Newly Formed 17° Long Stellar Stream Using the Canada–France Imaging Survey
Authors: Thomas Guillaume F. , Jensen Jaclyn , McConnachie Alan , Côté Patrick , Venn Kim , Longeard Nicolas , Carlberg Raymond , Chapman Scott , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Famaey Benoit , Ferrarese Laura , Gwyn Stephen , Hammer François , Ibata Rodrigo A. , Malhan Khyati , Martin Nicolas F. , Mei Simona , Navarro Julio F. , Reylé Céline , Starkenburg Else
Published: October 2020

We present an analysis of the structure, kinematics, and orbit of a newly found stellar stream emanating from the globular cluster M92 (NGC 6341). This stream was discovered in an improved matched-filter map of the outer Galaxy, based on a “color–color–magnitude” diagram, created using photometry from the Canada–France Imaging Survey and the Pan-STARRS 1 3π survey. We find the stream to have a length of 17° (2.5 kpc at the distance of M92), a width dispersion of 0.°29(42 pc), and a stellar mass of [3.17 ± 0.89] × 104
M
⊙ (10% of the stellar mass of the current main body of M92). We examine the kinematics of main-sequence, red giant, and blue horizontal branch stars belonging to the stream and that have proper motion measurements from the second data release of Gaia. N-body simulations suggest that the stream was likely formed very recently (during the last ∼500 Myr) forcing us to question the orbital origin of this ancient, metal-poor globular cluster.
ZBLLAC: A Spectroscopic Database of BL Lacertae Objects
Authors: Landoni Marco , Falomo R. , Paiano S. , Treves A.
Published: October 2020

This paper describes the database of optical spectra of BL Lacertae (BLL) objects (Z BLL objects) available at https://web.oapd.inaf.it/zbllac/. At present, it contains calibrated spectra for 295 BLL. For about 35% of them, we report a firm measure of redshift z, while for 35 sources we set a lower limit on z based on the detection of intervening absorption systems, mainly ascribed to Mg ii (λ2800 Å). We report here on the architecture of the database and on its website front-end that permits us to filter, query, and interactively explore the data. We discuss some properties of the objects in the present data set by giving the distribution of the redshifts and reporting on the detected emission lines, which turn out to be mainly forbidden and ascribed to [O ii] (λ3737 Å) and [O iii] (λ5007 Å). Finally, we discuss on intervening absorption systems detected in 35 BLLs that allow us to set lower limits to their distance.
Preliminary Target Selection for the DESI Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) Sample
Authors: Zhou Rongpu , Newman Jeffrey A. , Dawson Kyle S. , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Brooks David D. , Dey Arjun , Dey Biprateep , Duan Yutong , Eftekharzadeh Sarah , Gaztañaga Enrique , Kehoe Robert , Landriau Martin , Levi Michael E. , Licquia Timothy C. , Meisner Aaron M. , Moustakas John , Myers Adam D. , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie , Poppett Claire , Prada Francisco , Raichoor Anand , Schlegel David J. , Schubnell Michael , Staten Ryan , Tarlé Gregory , Yèche Christophe
Published: October 2020

The DESI survey will observe more than 8 million candidate luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in the redshift range 0.3 < z < 1.0. Here we present a preliminary version of the DESI LRG target section developed using Legacy Surveys Data Release 8 g, r, z and W1 photometry. This selection yields a sample with a uniform surface density of ∼600 deg−2 and very low predicted stellar contamination and redshift failure rates. During DESI Survey Validation, updated versions of this selection will be tested and optimized.
A framework to support alien species regulation: the Risk Analysis for Alien Taxa (RAAT)
Authors: Kumschick Sabrina , Wilson John R. U. , Foxcroft Llewellyn C.
Published: October 2020

Human livelihoods and well-being in almost all regions of the world depend on taxa which are alien. Such taxa also, however, threaten human health, sustainable development, and biodiversity. Since it is not feasible or desirable to control all alien taxa, decision-makers increasingly rely on risk analyses to formalise the best available evidence of the threats posed and whether and how they can be managed. There are a variety of schemes available that consider the risks of alien taxa, but we argue a new framework is needed: 1) given major recent developments in international frameworks dealing with biological invasions (including the scoring of impacts); 2) so that decisions can be made consistently across taxa, regions and realms; 3) to explicitly set out uncertainties; and 4) to provide decision-makers with information both on the risks posed and on what can be done to mitigate or prevent impacts. Any such scheme must also be flexible enough to deal with constraints in capacity and information. Here we present a framework to address these points – the Risk Analysis for Alien Taxa (RAAT). It outlines a series of questions related to an alien taxon’s likelihood of invasion, realised and potential impacts, and options for management. The framework provides a structure for collating relevant data from the published literature to support a robust, transparent process to list alien taxa under legislative and regulatory requirements, with the aim that it can be completed by a trained science graduate within a few days. The framework also provides a defensible process for developing recommendations for the management of assessed taxa. We trialled the framework in South Africa and outline the process followed and some of the taxa assessed to date.
The cost and complexity of assessing impact
Authors: Measey John , Wagener Carla , Mohanty Nitya Prakash , Baxter-Gilbert James , Pienaar Elizabeth F.
Published: October 2020

The environmental and socio-economic impacts of invasive species have long been recognised to be unequal, with some species being benign while others are disastrous. Until recently there was no recognised standard impact scoring framework with which to compare impacts of species from very different taxa. The advent of the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Socio‐Economic Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (SEICAT) schemes allows for the possibility of assessing impact through a standard approach. However, both these schemes are still in their infancy and the associated costs of the research that informs them is unknown. We aimed to determine the study costs and complexity associated with assessing invasive species’ socio-economic and environmental impacts. We used amphibians as a model group to investigate papers from which EICAT and SEICAT scores could be drawn up to 2019. Our analysis shows that studies that resulted in higher impact scores were more costly. Furthermore, the costs of studies were best predicted by their complexity and the time taken to complete them. If impact scores from EICAT and SEICAT are allowed to inform policy, then we need to carefully consider whether species with low scores represent true impact, or require more research investment and time. Policy makers needing accurate assessments will need to finance larger, more complex, and rigorous studies. Assessing impacts in low and middle income countries may need investment using international research collaborations and capacity building with scientists from high income areas.
The Epidemiological Framework for Biological Invasions (EFBI): an interdisciplinary foundation for the assessment of biosecurity threats
Authors: Hulme Philip E. , Baker Richard , Freckleton Robert , Hails Rosemary S. , Hartley Matt , Harwood John , Marion Glenn , Smith Graham C. , Williamson Mark
Published: October 2020

Emerging microparasite (e.g. viruses, bacteria, protozoa and fungi) epidemics and the introduction of non-native pests and weeds are major biosecurity threats worldwide. The likelihood of these threats is often estimated from probabilities of their entry, establishment, spread and ease of prevention. If ecosystems are considered equivalent to hosts, then compartment disease models should provide a useful framework for understanding the processes that underpin non-native species invasions. To enable greater cross-fertilisation between these two disciplines, the Epidemiological Framework for Biological Invasions (EFBI) is developed that classifies ecosystems in relation to their invasion status: Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious and Resistant. These states are linked by transitions relating to transmission, latency and recovery. This viewpoint differs markedly from the species-centric approaches often applied to non-native species. It allows generalisations from epidemiology, such as the force of infection, the basic reproductive ratio R0, super-spreaders, herd immunity, cordon sanitaire and ring vaccination, to be discussed in the novel context of non-native species and helps identify important gaps in the study of biological invasions. The EFBI approach highlights several limitations inherent in current approaches to the study of biological invasions including: (i) the variance in non-native abundance across ecosystems is rarely reported; (ii) field data rarely (if ever) distinguish source from sink ecosystems; (iii) estimates of the susceptibility of ecosystems to invasion seldom account for differences in exposure to non-native species; and (iv) assessments of ecosystem susceptibility often confuse the processes that underpin patterns of spread within -and between- ecosystems. Using the invasion of lakes as a model, the EFBI approach is shown to present a new biosecurity perspective that takes account of ecosystem status and complements demographic models to deliver clearer insights into the dynamics of biological invasions at the landscape scale. It will help to identify whether management of the susceptibility of ecosystems, of the number of vectors, or of the diversity of pathways (for movement between ecosystems) is the best way of limiting or reversing the population growth of a non-native species. The framework can be adapted to incorporate increasing levels of complexity and realism and to provide insights into how to monitor, map and manage biological invasions more effectively.
Reciprocal human-natural system feedback loops within the invasion process
Authors: Sinclair James S. , Brown Jeffrey A. , Lockwood Julie L.
Published: October 2020

Biological invasions are inextricably linked to how people collect, move, interact with and perceive non-native species. However, invasion frameworks generally do not consider reciprocal interactions between non-native species and people. Non-native species can shape human actions via beneficial or detrimental ecological and socioeconomic effects and people, in turn, shape invasions through their movements, behaviour and how they respond to the collection, transport, introduction and spread of non-natives. The feedbacks that stem from this ‘coupled human and natural system’ (CHANS) could therefore play a key role in mitigating (i.e. negative feedback loops) or exacerbating (i.e. positive feedback loops) ongoing and future invasions. We posit that the invasion process could be subdivided into three CHANS that span from the source region from which non-natives originate to the recipient region in which they establish and spread. We also provide specific examples of feedback loops that occur within each CHANS that have either reduced or facilitated new introductions and spread of established non-native species. In so doing, we add to exisiting invasion frameworks to generate new hypotheses about human-based drivers of biological invasions and further efforts to determine how ecological outcomes feed back into human actions.
Scale invariance in the spatial-dynamics of biological invasions
Authors: Liebhold Andrew M. , Keitt Timothy H. , Goel Nikunj , Bertelsmeier Cleo
Published: October 2020

Despite the enormous negative consequences of biological invasions, we have a limited understanding of how spatial demography during invasions creates population patterns observed at different spatial scales. Early stages of invasions, arrival and establishment, are considered distinct from the later stage of spread, but the processes of population growth and dispersal underlie all invasion phases. Here, we argue that the spread of invading species, to a first approximation, exhibits scale invariant spatial-dynamic patterns that transcend multiple spatial scales. Dispersal from a source population creates smaller satellite colonies, which in turn act as sources for secondary invasions; the scale invariant pattern of coalescing colonies can be seen at multiple scales. This self-similar pattern is referred to as “stratified diffusion” at landscape scales and the “bridgehead effect” at the global scale. The extent to which invasions exhibit such scale-invariant spatial dynamics may be limited by the form of the organisms’ dispersal kernel and by the connectivity of the habitat. Recognition of this self-similar pattern suggests that certain concepts for understanding and managing invasions might be widely transferable across spatial scales.
Is invasion science moving towards agreed standards? The influence of selected frameworks
Authors: Wilson John R. U. , Datta Arunava , Hirsch Heidi , Keet Jan-Hendrik , Mbobo Tumeka , Nkuna Khensani V. , Nsikani Mlungele M. , Pyšek Petr , Richardson David M. , Zengeya Tsungai A. , Kumschick Sabrina
Published: October 2020

The need to understand and manage biological invasions has driven the development of frameworks to circumscribe, classify, and elucidate aspects of the phenomenon. But how influential have these frameworks really been? To test this, we evaluated the impact of a pathway classification framework, a framework focussing on the introduction-naturalisation-invasion continuum, and two papers that outline an impact classification framework. We analysed how these framework papers are cited and by whom, conducted a survey to determine why people have cited the frameworks, and explored the degree to which the frameworks are implemented. The four papers outlining these frameworks are amongst the most-cited in their respective journals, are highly regarded in the field, and are already seen as citation classics (although citations are overwhelmingly within the field of invasion science). The number of citations to the frameworks has increased over time, and, while a significant proportion of these are self-citations (20–40%), this rate is decreasing. The frameworks were cited by studies conducted and authored by researchers from across the world. However, relative to a previous citation analysis of invasion science as a whole, the frameworks are particularly used in Europe and South Africa and less so in North America. There is an increasing number of examples of uptake into invasion policy and management (e.g., the pathway classification framework has been adapted and adopted into EU legislation and CBD targets, and the impact classification framework has been adopted by the IUCN). However, we found that few of the citing papers (6–8%) specifically implemented or interrogated the frameworks; roughly half of all citations might be viewed as frivolous (“citation fluff”); there were several clear cases of erroneous citation; and some survey respondents felt that they have not been rigorously tested yet.

Although our analyses suggest that invasion science is moving towards a more systematic and standardised approach to recording invasions and their impacts, it appears that the proposed standards are still not applied consistently. For this to be achieved, we argue that frameworks in invasion science need to be revised or adapted to particular contexts in response to the needs and experiences of users (e.g., so they are relevant to pathologists, plant ecologists, and practitioners), the standards should be easier to apply in practice (e.g., through the development of guidelines for management), and there should be incentives for their usage (e.g., recognition for completing an EICAT assessment).
Classifying the introduction pathways of alien species: are we moving in the right direction?
Authors: Faulkner Katelyn T. , Hulme Philip E. , Pagad Shyama , Wilson John R. U. , Robertson Mark P.
Published: October 2020

Alien species are introduced to new regions in many different ways and for different purposes. A number of frameworks have been developed to group such pathways of introduction into discrete categories in order to improve our understanding of biological invasions, provide information for interventions that aim to prevent introductions, enable reporting to national and international organisations and facilitate the prediction of threats. The introduction pathway classification framework proposed by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) as a global standard is comprised of six main categories and 44 sub-categories. However, issues have arisen with its implementation. In this position paper, we outline five desirable properties of an introduction pathway classification framework – it should be compatible (i.e. the level of detail of the categories is similar to that of the available data), actionable (i.e. categories link to specific interventions), general (i.e. categories are applicable across the contexts that are of interest (e.g. taxa, habitats and regions)), equivalent (i.e. categories are equivalent in their level of detail) and distinct (i.e. categories are discrete and easily distinguished) – termed the CAGED properties. The six main categories of the CBD framework have all of the CAGED properties, but the detailed sub-categories have few. Therefore, while the framework has been proposed by the CBD as a global standard and efforts have been made to put it into practice, we argue that there is room for improvement. We conclude by presenting scenarios for how the issues identified could be addressed, noting that a hybrid model might be most appropriate.
Double trouble: the implications of climate change for biological invasions
Authors: Robinson Tamara B. , Martin Nicole , Loureiro Tainã G. , Matikinca Phikolomzi , Robertson Mark P.
Published: October 2020

The implications of climate change for biological invasions are multifaceted and vary along the invasion process. Changes in vectors and pathways are likely to manifest in changes in transport routes and destinations, together with altered transit times and traffic volume. Ultimately, changes in the nature of why, how, and where biota are transported and introduced will pose biosecurity challenges. These challenges will require increased human and institutional capacity, as well as proactive responses such as improved early detection, adaptation of present protocols and innovative legal instruments. Invasion success and spread are expected to be moderated by the physiological response of alien and native biota to environmental changes and the ensuing changes in biotic interactions. These in turn will likely affect management actions aimed at eradicating, containing, and mitigating invasions, necessitating an adaptive approach to management that is sensitive to potentially unanticipated outcomes.
Elaboración de escorias sintéticas con residuos de mármol y óxido de aluminio utilizados en el proceso de desulfuración de acero
Authors: Grillo Felipe F. , Coleti Jorge L. , Junca Eduardo , Telles Victor B. , De Oliveira José R. , Frizon Tiago E.A. , Espinosa Denise C.R.
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar el proceso de desulfuración del acero utilizando escorias sintéticas que contienen residuos de mármol y óxido de aluminio. Las pruebas se realizaron usando un acero SAE 1020 que contenía 80 ppm de azufre. La temperatura fue 1600 °C bajo un flujo de argón de 1NL/minuto. Cada prueba de desulfuración duró 30 min. Se retiraron muestras de acero del baño cada 5 min. Posteriormente, cada muestra se caracterizó en un espectrómetro infrarrojo LECO CS240 para determinar el contenido de azufre. Los resultados indicaron un rendimiento de desulfuración de 78,7% y 70% en peso para escorias que contienen óxido de aluminio y residuos de mármol, respectivamente. Con estos resultados fue posible concluir que la fracción de la fase líquida influye en el rendimiento de desulfuración. El rendimiento máximo de desulfuración se alcanzó con 83,2% y 82,0% en peso de la fase líquida para escorias que contenían óxido de aluminio y residuos de mármol, respectivamente. Además, en las escorias que contienen cal, el rendimiento máximo de desulfuración se alcanzó con 85,0% en peso de la fase líquida. Las pruebas también demostraron que en los procesos de desulfuración es necesario contener una fase sólida de CaO en la composición de escoria sintética para alcanzar el rendimiento máximo de desulfuración. Por lo tanto, el uso de óxido de aluminio en lugar de fluorita es una alternativa interesante para la desulfuración del acero, así como el reemplazo de la cal por los residuos de mármol.