bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium vivax Genetic Diversity in Panama: Challenges for Malaria Elimination in Mesoamerica
Authors: Santamaría Ana María , Vásquez Vanessa , Rigg Chystrie , Samudio Franklyn , Moreno Dianik , Romero Luis , Saldaña Azael , Chaves Luis Fernando , Calzada José Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Panama and all nations within the Mesoamerican region have committed to eliminate malaria within this decade. With more than 90% of the malaria cases in this region caused by Plasmodium vivax, an efficient national/regional elimination plan must include a comprehensive study of this parasite’s genetic diversity. Here, we retrospectively analyzed P. vivax genetic diversity in autochthonous and imported field isolates collected in different endemic regions in Panama from 2007 to 2020, using highly polymorphic markers (csp, msp-1, and msp-3α). We did the analysis using molecular techniques that are cost-effective for malaria molecular surveillance within Mesoamerica. Thus, we used molecular analyses that are feasible for malaria molecular surveillance within the region, and that can provide useful information for policy and decision making about malaria elimination. We also evaluated if haplotypes established by combining the genotypes found in these genes were associated with relevant epidemiological variables and showed structure across the transmission foci that have been observed in Panama. Ten different haplotypes were identified, some of them strongly associated with geographical origin, age, and collection year. Phylogenetic analysis of csp (central repeat domain) revealed that both major variant types (vk210 and vk247) were circulating in Panama. Variant vk247 was restricted to the eastern endemic regions, while vk210 was predominant (77.3%) and widespread, displaying higher diversity (14 alleles) and geographically biased alleles. The regional implications of these molecular findings for the control of P. vivax malaria to achieve elimination across Mesoamerica are discussed.
Patterns of Genetic Variation in a Soybean Germplasm Collection as Characterized with Genotyping-by-Sequencing
Authors: Fu Yong-Bi , Cober Elroy R. , Morrison Malcolm J. , Marsolais Frédéric , Peterson Gregory W. , Horbach Carolee
Published: August 2021

Genomic characterization is playing an increasing role in plant germplasm conservation and utilization, as it can provide higher resolution with genome-wide SNP markers than before to identify and analyze genetic variation. A genotyping-by-sequencing technique was applied to genotype 541 soybean accessions conserved at Plant Gene Resources of Canada and 30 soybean cultivars and breeding lines developed by the Ottawa soybean breeding program of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. The sequencing generated an average of 952,074 raw sequence reads per sample. SNP calling identified 43,891 SNPs across 20 soybean chromosomes and 69 scaffolds with variable levels of missing values. Based on 19,898 SNPs with up to 50% missing values, three distinct genetic groups were found in the assayed samples. These groups were a mixture of the samples that originated from different countries and the samples of known maturity groups. The samples that originated from Canada were clustered into all three distinct groups, but 30 Ottawa breeding lines fell into two groups only. Based on the average pairwise dissimilarity estimates, 40 samples with the most genetic distinctness were identified from three genetic groups with diverse sample origin and known maturity. Additionally, 40 samples with the highest genetic redundancy were detected and they consisted of different sample origins and maturity groups, largely from one genetic group. Moreover, some genetically duplicated samples were identified, but the overall level of genetic duplication was relatively low in the collection. These findings are useful for soybean germplasm management and utilization.
Effective Pollination Period and Parentage Effect on Pollen Tube Growth in Apple
Authors: Roeder Stefan , Serra Sara , Musacchi Stefano
Published: August 2021

Flower receptivity is a limiting factor for the fertilization of several tree fruit. The effective pollination period (EPP) can be used to determine flower longevity and identify limiting factors by assessing stigmatic receptivity, pollen tube growth rate, and ovule longevity. EPPs were determined for three apple cultivars under natural field conditions in Washington State in 2019 and 2020. In addition, a greenhouse study, performed under semi-controlled conditions, evaluated the influence of six maternal parents on the pollen tube growth performance of six pollen sources. The duration of the stigmatic receptivity ranged from 6.3 to 8.1 days, depending on the cultivar and year—pollen tubes required between 5.5 and 7.0 days from the stigma to reach the ovules. Ovule longevity of non-pollinated flowers varied between 8.2 and 11.3 days. Combinations of these factors resulted in EPPs ranging from 3.0 days for ‘Rubinstar’ to 5.6 days for ‘Olsentwo Gala’ in the present experimental conditions. The greenhouse study revealed that parentage affected pollen tube growth performance. Importantly, a significant interaction between maternal and paternal factors indicated that the performance of different pollen sources depended on the maternal parent and that general recommendations on pollination need to account for the maternal parent.
Enhancing Detection of SSMVEP Induced by Action Observation Stimuli Based on Task-Related Component Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hou Wensheng , Wu Xiaoying , Chen Lin , Jiang Ning
Published: August 2021

Action observation (AO)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) is an important technology in stroke rehabilitation training. It has the advantage of simultaneously inducing steady-state motion visual evoked potential (SSMVEP) and activating sensorimotor rhythm. Moreover, SSMVEP could be utilized to perform classification. However, SSMVEP is composed of complex modulation frequencies. Traditional canonical correlation analysis (CCA) suffers from poor recognition performance in identifying those modulation frequencies at short stimulus duration. To address this issue, task-related component analysis (TRCA) was utilized to deal with SSMVEP for the first time. An interesting phenomenon was found: different modulated frequencies in SSMVEP distributed in different task-related components. On this basis, a multi-component TRCA method was proposed. All the significant task-related components were utilized to construct multiple spatial filters to enhance the detection of SSMVEP. Further, a combination of TRCA and CCA was proposed to utilize both advantages. Results showed that the accuracies using the proposed methods were significant higher than that using CCA at all window lengths and significantly higher than that using ensemble-TRCA at short window lengths (≤2 s). Therefore, the proposed methods further validate the induced modulation frequencies and will speed up the application of the AO-based BCI in rehabilitation.
Suitability of NB-IoT for Indoor Industrial Environment: A Survey and Insights
Authors: Dangana Muhammad , Ansari Shuja , Abbasi Qammer H. , Hussain Sajjad , Imran Muhammad Ali
Published: August 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications in industrial settings are set to bring in the fourth industrial revolution. The industrial environment consisting of high profile manufacturing plants and a variety of equipment is inherently characterized by high reflectiveness, causing significant multi-path components that affect the propagation of wireless communications—a challenge among others that needs to be resolved. This paper provides a detailed insight into Narrow-Band IoT (NB-IoT), Industrial IoT (IIoT), and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) within the context of indoor industrial environments. It presents the applications of NB-IoT for industrial settings, such as the challenges associated with these applications. Furthermore, future research directions were put forth in the areas of NB-IoT network management using self-organizing network (SON) technology, edge computing for scalability enhancement, security in NB-IoT generated data, and proposing a suitable propagation model for reliable wireless communications.
Vision-Less Sensing for Autonomous Micro-Drones
Authors: Pikalov Simon , Azaria Elisha , Sonnenberg Shaya , Ben-Moshe Boaz , Azaria Amos
Published: August 2021

This work presents a concept of intelligent vision-less micro-drones, which are motivated by flying animals such as insects, birds, and bats. The presented micro-drone (named BAT: Blind Autonomous Tiny-drone) can perform bio-inspired complex tasks without the use of cameras. The BAT uses LIDARs and self-emitted optical-flow in order to perform obstacle avoiding and maze-solving. The controlling algorithms were implemented on an onboard micro-controller, allowing the BAT to be fully autonomous. We further present a method for using the information collected by the drone to generate a detailed mapping of the environment. A complete model of the BAT was implemented and tested using several scenarios both in simulation and field experiments, in which it was able to explore and map complex building autonomously even in total darkness.
Automated Bowel Sound Analysis: An Overview
Authors: Nowak Jan Krzysztof , Nowak Robert , Radzikowski Kacper , Grulkowski Ireneusz , Walkowiak Jaroslaw
Published: August 2021

Despite technological progress, we lack a consensus on the method of conducting automated bowel sound (BS) analysis and, consequently, BS tools have not become available to doctors. We aimed to briefly review the literature on BS recording and analysis, with an emphasis on the broad range of analytical approaches. Scientific journals and conference materials were researched with a specific set of terms (Scopus, MEDLINE, IEEE) to find reports on BS. The research articles identified were analyzed in the context of main research directions at a number of centers globally. Automated BS analysis methods were already well developed by the early 2000s. Accuracy of 90% and higher had been achieved with various analytical approaches, including wavelet transformations, multi-layer perceptrons, independent component analysis and autoregressive-moving-average models. Clinical research on BS has exposed their important potential in the non-invasive diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, in surgery, and for the investigation of gastrointestinal motility. The most recent advances are linked to the application of artificial intelligence and the development of dedicated BS devices. BS research is technologically mature, but lacks uniform methodology, an international forum for discussion and an open platform for data exchange. A common ground is needed as a starting point. The next key development will be the release of freely available benchmark datasets with labels confirmed by human experts.
Populism, Twitter, and COVID-19: Narrative, Fantasies, and Desires
Authors: Cervi Laura , García Fernando , Marín-Lladó Carles
Published: August 2021

During a global pandemic, the great impact of populist discourse on the construction of social reality is undeniable. This study analyzes the fantasmatic dimension of political discourse from Donald Trump’s and Jair Bolsonaro’s Twitter accounts between 1 March and 31 May. To do so, it applies a Clause-Based Semantic Text Analysis (CBSTA) methodology that categorizes speech in Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) triplets. The study findings show that in spite of the Coronavirus pandemic, the main beatific and horrific subjects remain the core populist signifiers: the people and the elite. While Bolsonaro’s narrative was predominantly beatific, centered on the government, Trump’s was mostly horrific, centered on the elite. Trump signified the pandemic as a subject and an enemy to be defeated, whereas Bolsonaro portrayed it as a circumstance. Finally, both leaders defined the people as working people, therefore their concerns about the pandemic were focused on the people’s ability to work.
Design Education for Sustainability: Identifying Opportunities in Ireland’s Second Level Education System
Authors: Conway Beineán , Leahy Keelin , McMahon Muireann
Published: August 2021

Design Education for Sustainability has the potential to accelerate and encourage education that contributes to the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. (1) Arguably the potential of Design Education for Sustainability remains underutilized in Ireland’s second level education system. (2) This article reports on findings conducted as part of a research project which examines Education for Sustainable Development in Irish secondary school Design Education subjects. The research draws on data gathered through critical ethnographic interviews with teachers in practice. (3) The findings explored in this article are the barriers faced by educators in relation to the further integration of Education for Sustainable Development in Ireland’s Design Education subjects. These findings offer a unique insight into the realities of educators in progressing towards Design Education for Sustainability. (4) In identifying the challenges, this article offers a starting point to tackle the barriers associated with integrating sustainability in Design Education within the Irish second level education system. (5) The article concludes by identifying how these barriers can be tackled head on in order to progressively integrate Education for Sustainable Development in Design Education subjects.
Fractionation of Cynara cardunculus L. by Acidified Organosolv Treatment for the Extraction of Highly Digestible Cellulose and Technical Lignin
Authors: Giannoni Tommaso , Gelosia Mattia , Bertini Alessandro , Fabbrizi Giacomo , Nicolini Andrea , Coccia Valentina , Iodice Paola , Cavalaglio Gianluca
Published: August 2021

One of the primary targets for the new lignocellulosic feedstock-based biorefinery is the simultaneous valorization of holocellulose and lignin. Acidified organosolv treatment is among the most promising strategy for recovering technical lignin, water-soluble hemicellulose, and cellulose pulp with increased accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes. In this work, a design-of-experiment (DoE) approach was used to increase the cellulose recovery, digestibility, and the delignification of Cynara cardunculus L. feedstock. In the first treatment, the milled biomass was subjected to microwave-assisted extraction using an acidified GVL/water mixture to separate lignin and hemicellulose from cellulose. In the second treatment, the cellulose pulp was hydrolyzed by cellulolytic enzymes to demonstrate the enhanced digestibility. At the optimal condition (154 °C, 2.24% H2SO4, and 0.62 GVL/water ratio), the cellulose pulp showed a cellulose content of 87.59%, while the lignin content was lower than 8%. The cellulose recovery and digestibility were equal to 79.46% and 86.94%, respectively. About 40% of the initial hemicellulose was recovered as monosaccharides. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the two-step organosolv treatment for biomass fractionation; however, as suggested by DoE analysis, a confirmative study at a low temperature (<154 °C) should be performed to further increase the cellulose recovery.
The Effects of Pedestrian Environments on Walking Behaviors and Perception of Pedestrian Safety
Authors: Kweon Byoung-Suk , Rosenblatt-Naderi Jody , Ellis Christopher D. , Shin Woo-Hwa , Danies Blair H.
Published: August 2021

We investigated the effects of pedestrian environments on parents’ walking behavior, their perception of pedestrian safety, and their willingness to let their children walk to school. This study was a simulated walking environment experiment that created six different pedestrian conditions using sidewalks, landscape buffers, and street trees. We used within subjects design where participants were exposed to all six simulated conditions. Participants were 26 parents with elementary school children. Sidewalks, buffer strips, and street trees affected parents’ decisions to: walk themselves; let their children walk to school; evaluate their perception whether the simulated environment was safe for walking. We found that the design of pedestrian environments does affect people’s perceptions of pedestrian safety and their willingness to walk. The presence of a sidewalk, buffer strip, and street trees affected parents’ decision to walk, their willingness to let their children walk to school and perceived the pedestrian environment as safer for walking. The effects of trees on parents’ walking and perception of pedestrian safety are greater when there is a wide buffer rather than a narrow buffer. It was found that parents are more cautious about their children’s walking environments and safety than their own.
Core Elements towards Circularity: Evidence from the European Countries
Authors: Lingaitienė Olga , Burinskienė Aurelija
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the authors identified key elements important for circularity. The primary goal of circularity is to eliminate waste and prove the constant use of resources. In the paper, we classified studies according to circular approaches and stated which of them get the highest attention. Further, we identified the principal elements, grouped them into four categories important for circularity, and presented scientific works dedicated to each of the above-mentioned categories. Further on, several core elements from the first category were investigated, aiming to connect different waste streams and provide a regression model. Finally, the methodological part reviewed the correlation between various types of waste and their recycling and selected suitable ones for developing a new panel regression model. The empirical research was delivered for the 27 European Union countries during the period between 2000 and 2019. We indicate that the recycling rate of municipal waste impacts the increase of recycling biowaste the same calendar year. The increase of recycling of municipal waste by one per cent means the increase of the recycling of biowaste by 0.6 per cent.
Research on Reward and Punishment Contract Model and Coordination of Green Supply Chain Based on Fairness Preference
Authors: Jiang Mingjun , Chen Dongyan , Yu Hui
Published: August 2021

With the increasing demand for “green” goods, it is necessary for companies to develop green innovation to seize market opportunities. Companies often use the model of supply chain cooperation to carry out green innovation. The standard reward and punishment contract model is constructed based on the green degree of the product provided by the supplier when the manufacturer has a fair preference. The impact of the manufacturer’s fairness preference on the green degree of the product, price, manufacturer’s profit, supplier’s profit, and overall profit when the product green degree standard provided by the supplier is greater or smaller than the manufacturer’s demand standard is analyzed. The impact of the difference in channel power between manufacturers and suppliers is also analyzed on the overall profit of the green supply chain. The research results showed that when the manufacturer’s attention to fairness is equal to the attention to self-interest, the overall profit of the green supply chain is the largest, the coordination of the supply chain can be achieved, and the difference in the channel power of the participants in the green supply chain has a significant impact on the overall profit, which is verified by numerical analysis.
The Impact of Family Ownership on Quality and Disclosure of Internal Control in Pakistan
Authors: Jadoon Imran Abbas , Noreen Umara , Ayub Usman , Tahir Muhammad , Shahzadi Naima
Published: August 2021

The role of family owners in the internal control environment is characterized by contradictory theoretical arguments i.e., entrenchment and alignment behavior. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the behavior exhibited by family owners concerning the internal control environment in an underdeveloped regulatory setting. The study collected both primary and secondary data to use a multivariate regression research design to investigate the impact of family owners and CEOs on the internal control quality and disclosure of enterprises. The results of the current study demonstrated that family owners and family CEO have a negative impact on the internal control quality and disclosure, which validates the entrenchment behavior exhibited by family owners in the Pakistani setting. The results of the current study imply that policymakers should promote strict policy initiatives regarding the effectiveness of internal controls and their reporting so that companies are compelled to have better engagement in internal control practices for the protection of minority shareholders.
Factors Affecting the Antibody Immunogenicity of Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: A Focused Review
Authors: Cheng Zhangkai Jason , Xue Mingshan , Zheng Peiyan , Lyu Jiali , Zhan Zhiqing , Hu Haisheng , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xiaohua Douglas , Sun Baoqing
Published: August 2021

Vaccines are a crucial part of the global anti-pandemic effort against COVID-19. The effects of vaccines, as well as their common influencing factors, are the most important issues that we should focus on at this time. To this end, we review statistics on immunogenicity after vaccination, using neutralizing antibodies as the main reference index. Age, infection history, and virus variants are compared, and vaccination program recommendations are made accordingly. Suggestions are made to address concerns raised by the vaccines’ shortened development cycle, as well as the emergence of immunity escape of viral variants. Finally, a brief description and future prospects are provided based on the principle of the ADE effect and previous experience with similar viruses.
Neurological symptoms in patients after the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, determining further rehabilitation strategy
Authors: Zvegintseva Albina Ayratovna , Maksimov Maksim Leonidovich
Published: August 2021

Since the Spanish flu in 1918, there has not been such a large-scale pandemic, causing significant damage to the economy of Russia and other countries, as the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, which began in December 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is highly infectious and can proceed both asymptomatic and in an extremely severe form, especially in the presence of comorbidity. Despite the fact that the clinical picture is associated with respiratory syndrome, long-term neurological symptoms are increasingly observed. In this study, we tried to find out the most pronounced and long-lasting neurological symptoms in the first 6 months after the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. An important role in the rehabilitation process of this group of patients is played by the strategy of neurocytoprotection, which is aimed at preventing and reducing neuronal damage by affecting the cellular mechanisms of neuroregeneration and cerebral reorganization, which leads not only to structural and metabolic, but also to functional recovery.
Differential diagnosis of hemoptysis
Authors: Ilyin Petr Arkadievich
Published: August 2021

Blood expectoration or hemoptysis is the coughing up of sputum with blood from the larynx, bronchi or lungs. Hemoptysis is most often caused by diseases of the respiratory tract and lungs — bronchitis or pneumonia, as well as lung cancer, aspergilloma, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary embolism, etc. In the diagnostic investigation of the cause of hemoptysis, it is important to take a detailed history (in the case of an epidemiological history, a laboratory analysis of the secreted sputum for the detection of the causative agent of an infectious disease is necessary), to make the correct interpretation of the patient’s complaints and an assessment of the nature of the sputum (differential diagnosis with bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract). A chest X-ray is performed and, then, if indicated, computed tomography, bronchoscopy, and other studies are made. The article presents an algorithm for differential diagnostic investigation of hemoptysis in a patient
Dynamics of urological morbidity and medical provision of patients at the level of the municipal district (on the example of the Pavlovsky municipal district of the Nizhny Novgorod Region)
Authors: Perevezentseva Elizaveta Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2021

Based on the materials of official statistical data on primary morbidity and prevalence for 2014–2019, the article analyzes the trends characteristic of urological morbidity in the adult population of the Nizhny Novgorod Region and Pavlovsky municipal district of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. In addition, the statistical data of medical provision of patients suffering from diseases of the genitourinary system were analyzed. The obtained data will allow the most effective planning of scientific research in the field of organizing urological care, as well as initiate timely decision-making at all levels of healthcare organization.
Ergodynamic cooperative as a driving force for solving the employment problem
Authors: Mukhin A. V. , Ganina G. E. , Ostrovskiy Yu. A. , Yakovleva A. P.
Published: August 2021

The form of association of producers existed at the level of primitive production, but it quickly collapsed under the influence of the labor division. If we create such a form in modern conditions, in addition to taking into account the large role of complex automation of all types of production activities, the existing factors of ergodynamics should also be taken into consideration. The article examines a new approach to the problem of employment based on the adoption of the paradigm of a radical change in the configuration of the production system. It is demonstrated that in the case when the production system consists of a number of producers, among which the connections are broken, the workers released as a result of automation naturally and inevitably pass into the category of unemployed. Trying to organize a new production of new products, manufacturers face a cyclical pattern, increasing the number of unemployed. While maintaining the image of traditional production based on the production system, managers try to find extravagant methods to solve the issue of employment, although, in fact, it is not the problem of employment that is being tackled, but the issue of social support for the unemployed. An analysis of existing trends in production is necessary not only to develop objective measures to enhance efficiency. A comprehensive analysis of trends, combined with the introduction of new approaches to the description of labor activity, allowed revealing and justifying a new look at the strategy for improving production. This makes it possible to describe a new type of production systems, namely self-developing production systems, at the conceptual level. The presence in the description of such production of a model of real transformation of labor activity allows creating a system with an internal structure of self-development. Such self-developing production systems do not need external influences and are invariant in a wide variety of social environments. The article can be useful for both economists and production managers.
From the history of the problem of oil transportation and storage. Contribution of Shukhov V.G.
Authors: Yurenkova L. R. , Bilash N. V.
Published: August 2021

A significant part of the oil consumed in the world is transported from production and processing sites to consumers via tankers and pipelines. According to experts' forecasts, the demand for oil and petroleum products in the coming years will be significantly higher than in 2020. In Russia, the oil transportation market is developing in several directions. The main directions are investing in pipeline transport and improving the design of tanks for storing oil and petroleum products. The article considers the contribution of the great Russian engineer V.G. Shukhov to the solution of the problem of oil transportation and storage and in general to the development of the oil industry. In the article "Oil Pipelines" (1884) and in the book "Pipelines and their application in the oil industry" (1894), V.G. Shukhov gave precise mathematical formulae for describing the processes of oil and fuel oil flowing through pipelines, creating a classical theory of oil pipelines. He is the author of the projects of the first Russian main pipelines: Baku-Batumi with a length of 883 km (1907) and Grozny-Tuapse with a length of 618 km (1928). Shukhov V.G. designed and then supervised the construction of oil pipelines of the companies "Branobel", "G.M. Lianozova and sons" and the world's first heated fuel oil pipeline. Working in the oil fields in Baku, Shukhov V.G. developed the basics of lifting and pumping oil products, proposed a method of lifting oil using compressed air — airlift, developed a calculation method and technology for the construction of cylindrical steel tanks for oil storage facilities.
Organization of self-developing production in real conditions
Authors: Mukhin A. V. , Ganina G. E. , Ostrovskiy Yu. A. , Yakovleva A. P.
Published: August 2021

At present, close attention of philosophers, economists, sociologists, and production representatives is focused on objects united by one concept — «self-developing systems». This is largely explained by the logic of the development of the epistemological direction in philosophy, and it is emphasized that the growing complexity of the systems under study is characterized by the presence of a person as an active element of the system. The person acts as a subject that uses certain systems in practice and as a subject that changes the structure and functions of the system from the inside. Objective «post-non-classical rationality» is such that self-developing systems move from being the object of close study to the category of «ordinary» systems, replacing both simple systems and such complex ones as self-regulating systems. The article deals with issues of the structure and functions of self-developing production systems. It is shown that the efficiency of such systems is determined by the amount of creative potential. It is established that self-developing production in real conditions can correspond to its purpose and function in the presence of a specific internal «mechanism» that can set both the goals of its behavior and the sequence of actions without external motivation. It is demonstrated that a model of transformation of labor activity, generating replenishment of the creative potential of the production system, can serve as such a mechanism in real conditions. At the same time, the process of replenishing the creative potential of production creates conditions for creating a synergetic effect, which is the basis for a permanent increase in the efficiency of the production system.
The influence of ball screw drive positioning errors on the accuracy of part manufacturing
Authors: Ibaeva L. V. , Orlov Yu. M.
Published: August 2021

The article considers the components of the total error of mechanical processing that occur when positioning the working units of the machine: ball screw drive elements. The reasons for the loss of positioning accuracy of the machine drives are described. The accuracy of the positioning of the machine spindle in determining the axes of the holes to be processed is analyzed. The numerical estimation of the values of the errors of the temperature deformations of the lead screw is carried out on the example of drilling holes in the workpiece. The causes of heating of the ball screw drive of the machine are identified. The dependence of the unit heating on the speed of movement of the operating elements of the machine is described. The optimal trajectory of the tool movement when processing holes in the workpiece is presented. The criterion of optimality of this trajectory is described. The values of the deviations of each hole in the workpiece from the specified accuracy of their location are obtained. The scheme of accumulation of errors of linear displacements resulting from the temperature deformation of the lead screw of the CNC machine drive is presented. The value of the accumulated total error of the temperature deformations of the ball screw pair is obtained. The error associated with the movement of the machine drive carriage is considered. The geometric characteristics of the carriage orientation are given. The schemes of occurrence of the error caused by the change of the roll angle and the carriage tilt angle are presented. The maximum axial load of the lead screw at translational acceleration is calculated. The scheme of possible carriage deflection under the action of the maximum translational force of a ball screw pair is presented. The numerical estimation of the maximum possible roll angle of the carriage, as well as the maximum deviation from the specified accuracy of the carriage, at the maximum load on the lead screw, is carried out. As a result, it is concluded that the total error of the machine drives positioning can go beyond the tolerances of the linear dimensions of the processed holes, which significantly affects the accuracy of the part manufacturing.
Mathematical reconstruction of the rise of the Alexander Column
Authors: Dyatlov A. Yu. , Oshovskaya E. V. , Sidorov V. A.
Published: August 2021

The history of the engineering profession includes many events and achievements that raise doubts about their reality in modern people. These are the pyramids of Mexico and Egypt, megalithic structures in Peru, the Baalbek temple, etc. Aqueducts and viaducts, highways and bridges, fortifications and ships, the Greek fire and the Church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople — all this gives an idea of the capabilities and skills of ancient engineers. The questions of who and how built these objects and why modern technologies cannot repeat it will always excite the inquisitive mind of the researcher. The admiration of many architectural structures of the 18th-19th centuries raises the question of how this was possible to be done at that time, in the absence of knowledge about the power of steam and electricity. The objects built after the middle of the 19th century do not cause such questions — there were already many lifting mechanisms, photography documented the construction process, and the dug Suez Canal testified to the increased capabilities of mankind and strengthened engineering skills. No one doubts that the Eiffel Tower was built without the use of helicopters and the achievements of an antediluvian civilization. However, in relation to the unique creation of O. Montferrand — the Alexander Column in St. Petersburg, there is a clear distrust in the reality of the achieved result: the column that is more than 27 meters high, more than 3 meters in diameter and weighs more than 600 tons stands vertically on the end surface without additional supporting structures. This article, presented in three reports, is devoted to the attempt to mathematically justify the possibility of what was achieved at the level of knowledge, skills, mechanisms and technologies of the beginning of the 19th century. The first report is devoted to the formulation of the initial data for each stage of production, transportation and installation of the Alexander Column from the standpoint of the possibility of performing rigging work. The basis for the answers is an album of illustrations of the rise of the Alexander Column, made by the great architect O. Montferrand, who is also reproached for the lack of engineering training.
Increasing the productivity of automated technological complexes by using multipiece devices
Authors: Krasko A.S. , Filin M.A.
Published: August 2021

This article deals with the issue of increasing the productivity of automated technological complexes of mechanical processing by reducing off-cycle time losses. The time for adjustment of tools, jigs and fixtures is considered the most significant type of losses for flexible machining cells. The most effective solution for reducing the adjustment time to increase the productivity of technological complexes of mechanical processing is the use of multipiece devices. Multipiece devices refer to machine retaining devices that allow installing workpieces of different standard sizes without readjustment or with minimal readjustment. The effectiveness of such devices depends on the number of installed parts of different standard sizes, and the greater this number is, the higher the effectiveness of the device is. The article proposes to divide the total time of adjustment of a multipiece device into components that take into account the time for installation and adjustment of the device and the time for changing the adjustment of the device when switching to the production of the next batch of parts. The division of the total adjustment time allows taking into account the loss of adjustment time for each part in the conditions of using a multipiece device. The time for changing the adjustment before making a new batch of parts is divided into the entire batch or several batches, if several batches of parts are made during the same adjustment. The time of installation and adjustment of the device is divided into all the batches processed on this device. With a strict schedule for the operation of an automated technological complex within a certain period of time, such a calculation shows an accurate result. However, for technological complexes with a flexible schedule, analytical calculation becomes impossible. Therefore, the task is to obtain the value of the adjustment time of the device, which falls on one processed part by conducting simulation modeling on an automated technological complex. A simulation experiment is conducted to determine the performance of the complex, depending on the device used.
The study of the curvature of the axis of the processed shaft when based in the centers using a steady rest
Authors: Brylev A. V. , Mikheev S. S.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the analysis and results of the study of a two-stage shaft fixed in dead centers and a rest device. Cutting forces act on the shaft, causing a bending moment. The analysis of the curvature of the axis of the workpiece, processed on a lathe when based in the centers, using a rest device, is carried out. The formula of elastic displacement of the workpiece axis at the place of the resulting cutting force is obtained. Diagrams of the stresses of the shaft axis displacements are constructed and a conclusion is made. The analysis showed that the greatest deflection is at the point of the cutting forces acting on the shaft. The quality of the part obtained after processing is characterized by accuracy. The parts mating in the product and, as a result, the overall reliability depends on how accurately the size and shape of the part will be maintained during processing. Parts with length of 10 to 12 times larger than the diameter are bent under the action of their own weight and cutting forces, as a result of which they get a barrel-like shape. It is possible to eliminate this by applying special devices for the machine. When processing long nonrigid workpieces, the tools, jigs and fixtures must evenly distribute the clamping force over the surface of the part. These conditions are well provided by technological equipment with pneumatic, hydraulic clamping devices, as well as with various collet clamps, split bushings, diaphragm or cartridges. When processing long non-rigid shafts, rest devices are used. The rest device plays the role of the main or secondary support when working with workpieces; it creates support for large, long parts during processing. It helps to avoid the risk of damage and deformation of the workpiece or the cutting elements of the machine, by giving the workpiece additional stability
The role and place of intuitive thinking in engineering creativity
Authors: Mukhin A. V. , Ganina G. E. , Ostrovskiy Yu. A. , Yakovleva A. P.,
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the issue of using intuitive thinking in engineering creativity, which is rarely found in publications. Recognizing the mystery of the phenomenon of intuition, the authors draw attention to the fact that from a practical point of view, society quite willingly and frequently uses this phenomenon in engineering activities as the main element of creativity. Given the increasing role of intuitive thinking in engineering creativity, the authors suggest the reader discussing the feasibility of formulating a special journal section in the form of a «round table». The attempts of Western philosophers to divide people into «creative» and «recreative» to a certain extent are similar to a kind of racism — it should be clearly and definitely considered that by nature all people are the same in terms of the ability to think intuitively. At the same time, it should be taken into account that in practice, differences in upbringing, place in the social environment and other conditions lead to the fact that not all people realize the ability to make intuitive decisions in life; this must be taken into account when plans are made to attract people to participate in creative activities based on intuitive thinking. In a visual form, this is evident when the results of automation in the process of labor transformation are evaluated. The article purposefully discusses the rarely encountered topic of using intuitive thinking in practical activities. The readers have the opportunity to discuss their prospective participation in the «round table» dedicated to the development of engineering creativity.
MEDIA EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A PEDAGOGICAL CONDITION FOR MEDIA LITERACY FORMATION OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS
Authors: Byndas O.
Published: August 2021

The article, based on the analysis of current research and works of domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners, defines media educational technologies as a means of educational process using periodicals, radio, television, cinema, as well as software and hardware devices that provide collection, processing, accumulation, storage and transmission of information in different languages.

The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate the importance of media educational technologies as one of the pedagogical conditions for the media literacy formation of future foreign language teachers. Media educational technologies define the role of a foreign language teacher as a model, an expert of thought processes, a skilled user of modern educational technologies, knowledge and the role of a student who should learn from these demonstrations a set of techniques and methods which they will be able to use to gain knowledge. Thus, the teacher develops himself/herself and helps the students.

In the course of the work, various ways of media educational technologies classification are considered. However, for this study there is only one necessary and relevant, the one that will open up greater opportunities for the use of the latest information technologies at foreign language lessons.

After analyzing different approaches and classifications of media educational technologies as one of the pedagogical conditions for the formation of media literacy of future foreign language teachers, the author concludes that in order to achieve such high performance, there are some difficulties: a lack of knowledge of foreign language teachers and pedagogues, problems with technical equipment, the unwillingness to keep up with the times, and the financial situation in which education and the whole culture find themselves due to the constant lack of underfunding. But the prospects for high-quality and effective use of media technologies in education are obvious – the scientific progress of students, teachers, and hence the whole country.
EFEKTIFITAS MEDIA VIDEO TUTORIAL PENATALAKSANAAN ASI EKSLUSIF TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN IBU DALAM MENYUSUI
Authors: Supliyani Elin , Djamilus Fauzia
Published: August 2021

Cakupan ASI Eksklusif di Jawa Barat pada tahun 2014 baru mencapai 33,7%. Angka ini jauh di bawah cakupan nasional. Untuk mencapai keberhasilan menyusui membutuhkan pengetahuan tentang penatalaksanaan pemberian ASI yang benar, seperti teknik menyusui, cara memerah ASI, penyimpanan ASI yang benar. Pendidikan kesehatan bagi ibu menyusui bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam memerah ASI dan menyimpan ASI yang tepat. Agar pendidikan kesehatan yang diberikan lebih efektif, sesuai sasaran dan tujuan, maka diperlukan media yang menarik dan lebih mudah diterima sasaran. Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan adalah media video tutorial. Media video tutorial mengandalkan pendengaran dan penglihatan target. Oleh karena itu sangat penting untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan media video tutorial terhadap peningkatan keterampilan ibu dalam penatalaksanaan ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pre-eksperimental one group pre-test post-test design yang dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kota Bogor. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling yang dilakukan rehadap 26 responden kelompok intervensi dan 26 responden kelompok kontrol. Variabel diukur menggunakan instrumen pre-test post-test sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi dengan media video tutorial tentang penatalaksanaan ASI Eksklusif. Uji statistik menggunakan uji one sample t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan pada keterampilan ibu dalam menyusui setelah diberikan edukasi melalui media video tutorial tentang manajemen ASI Eksklusif dengan nilai p <0,005. Diharapkan dapat menggunakan video ini sebagai salah satu media dalam melakukan edukasi kepada ibu hamil, ibu menyusui agar dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu dalam menyusui untuk meningkatkan cakupan perilaku pemberian ASI ekslusif.
As concepções do professor de Matemática na sala de aula: como lidar com a diversidade dentro do espaço escolar?
Authors:   , Jenevain Junior Alexandre
Published: August 2021

Considerando-se que a escola é um espaço plural e que diferentes sujeitos se constituem passando por esse lugar, esta dissertação buscou desnudar as concepções de docentes de Matemática a respeito de temas sociais que, normalmente, não são abordados na área de exatas. Para isso, com o auxílio da História Oral, entrevistamos licenciados em Matemática, na cidade de Juiz de Fora, estado de Minas Gerais, inseridos em três diferentes contextos educacionais: professores recém-formados, professores de escolas públicas e professores de escolas particulares. Visando a uma melhor coleta de dados, atentamo-nos para o fato de que nenhum entrevistado trabalhe em mais de um contexto ao mesmo tempo. Entendendo que abordaremos assuntos que passam por questões históricas e pessoais, convidamos todos os professores que tiverem acesso a essa dissertação para que, através deste trabalho, tenham um contato cuidadoso e tecnicamente preparado para temas como Racismo, Comunidade LGBTQIA+, Gênero e Sexualidade e Bullying e, além disso, saiam do lugar hierárquico e engessado que a nossa disciplina nos coloca, podendo, assim, em concomitância com o produto educacional, iniciarmos debates sociais e ampliarmos nosso entendimento sobre a diversidade que compõe o ambiente escolar.