bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telling and Enacting Ghost Stories: Narrative and Agency in Amy Tan's The Hundred Secret Senses
Authors: Sun Jiena
Published: October 2017

In light of anthropologist Victor Turner's theory of liminality, this article constructed with a human touch of love and hope, and with a much-needed acknowledgment of alternative vision. Both the protagonist Kwan, who is a ghost seer, and the ghosts in her stories are liminal entities due to their crossings of boundaries between life and death, between the past and the present, let alone that between Chinese culture and American culture. Kwan's telling and enacting of ghost stories take advantage of this shared liminality and the possibility inherent in the liminal state. Since Tan spares no effort to depict Kwan's initiatives, this article proposes to interpret the possibility in the liminal state as Kwan's agency in revising the trajectories of lives. It examines how Tan explores the agency accompanying Kwan's telling and enacting of ghost stories and how Tan honors alternative ways of seeing the world through her authorial endorsement of Kwan's agency.
Crime and Punishment in Eastern Pennsylvania, 1903–18, Part 2
Authors: Wintermute Bobby A.
Published: October 2017

The first half of this article (Pennsylvania History, Summer 2017) studied the nature of crime and criminology in early twentieth-century Pennsylvania. In this follow-up, Eastern State Penitentiary reforms and advocacy for prisoners fighting in World War I are examined, along with the efforts of Progressive Era penologist Warden Robert J. McKenty.
The Business of War: The Peirce School in World War I
Authors: Everts Bart
Published: October 2017

Founded in 1865, The Peirce School of Business Administration taught a variety of business-related courses as well as teacher training classes. The school was well integrated into the Philadelphia business community, and when the United States entered World War I, it took a stance of unquestioned patriotism. Doing so allowed the school to demonstrate the value of its curriculum to the war effort. The alumni board and school administrators organized sendoffs for soldiers, the Comfort Kit Club, Liberty Bond drives, and other prowar rituals. The school marketed “war courses” aimed at training women for civilian jobs, and the alumni journal featured female graduates contributing to the war effort. Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt were featured speakers at the 1917 and 1918 commencement ceremonies, respectively, solidifying the narrative that Peirce prepared students to make a contribution to the war effort.
The Plight of the Doughboy: World War I as Seen through the Eyes of Harold W. Pierce
Authors: Keifer Daniel C.
Published: October 2017

World War I was a catalyst, altering the world's political landscape and leading to advancements in weaponry and tactics shaping warfare through the rest of the century. Perhaps its greatest influence, however, was on the lives of the soldiers who experienced the cruelest manifestations of this conflict. Their accounts demonstrate the impact of war on the individual and give us a glimpse of an otherwise unimaginable reality. In “Diary of a Doughboy,” by Pennsylvanian Harold W. Pierce of the Twenty-Eighth Division, we learn the emotional and psychological effects of war on one doughboy. Understanding these effects allows us to better understand humanity with regard to warfare.
An Early Blue Star Service Flag at the Erie Maritime Museum
Authors: Bolla Linda
Published: October 2017

Blue Star Service Flags note the military service of a family member. They began during World War I. One early such flag hung in the Erie home of USS Wolverine sailor William H. Stine. Stine, the flag, and their history is discussed as a way for the Homefront to quietly, proudly, and publicly, note the service of a loved one.
The World War I Scrapbooks and Photographs of Major General Edward Martin
Authors: Saylor Richard C.
Published: October 2017

Edward Martin (1879–1967) had both an exemplary military career and a very successful political career in Pennsylvania. Seventy-nine scrapbooks detailing his life are included within his papers at the Pennsylvania State Archives. Martin's World War I career is discussed along with examples of images from his scrapbooks.
The Effect of Implimentation of TBLT in Reading Comprehension Classes of Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Madhkhan Mozhgan , Mousavi Seyed Mojtaba
Published: October 2017

The present study investigates the impact of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension performance. 70 participants were assigned randomly to the experimental and control groups. Having instructed the two groups with the same texts but different task types and activities (i.e. tasks in 4 types) during 20 sessions, the learners’ reading performance results were compared through utilizing a reading post–test to both groups. The obtained data was analyzed using t-test to examine the effects of independent variable, namely, the method of teaching reading (task-based activities vs. classical reading comprehension) on learners’ reading performance as the dependent variable. As well, the performance of the experimental group in four task types was analyzed in order to investigate possible differences among four reading sets of scores obtained on four task types. A follow up TUKEY test was also conducted to locate the exact areas of difference. Results showed that TBLT had a significantly more positive effect on learners’ reading performance compared to traditional reading instruction. Also, the second task type investigated in this study, namely read, note and discuss, found to be more useful in increasing learners’ reading skill. This study has pedagogical implications for Iranian teachers, because reading comprehension is a rally important part of most standard exams in this country. Yet due to limited participants, it requires further studies in future.
Understanding the Nature and Process of Alternative Dispute Resolution and Collective Conciliation: Lessons from United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and Japan
Authors: Yemisi Ige Adejoke
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a systematic investigation into previous studies, conducted among scholars on the nature and process of Alternative Dispute Resolution and collective conciliation in some selected countries. It presents an assessment of previously conducted empirical studies on the factors that shape the nature and process of ADR and collective conciliation. It examines how these factors influence the attitude and opinion of the users of the service and impact on outcomes in practice. The findings of the study illustrate the significance of the state and its machinery in the establishment and funding of ADR institutions. It demonstrate the importance of trade unions and management representatives acknowledging their inability to resolve their dispute and the extent which their request for conciliation indicate their level of trust and confidence in the process as evident in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Canada and Japan. In addition, the findings establish how the behaviour of the state, as reflected through its approach to the employment relationship influences the actions and perception of trade unions and management representatives. The study recommends that in order to further increase the trust and confidence of trade unions and management on the outcomes of dispute resolution, the neutrality and confidentiality of the process of conciliation is essential. The role and style of conciliators during resolution is also important because; it has the tendency to influence the assessment of trade unions and management representatives during negotiation and impact on their attitude to the process and outcomes of conciliation in practice.
Testing of Locally Available Jordanian Materials for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Abdallat Yousef A , Yamin Jehad
Published: October 2017

Several locally available materials were tested for hydrogen storage. This study was conducted theoretically using suitable software. The materials tested were Sweileh |San, Zeolite, Nickel, Magnesium and Lanthanium. It was found that using the locally available Sweileh sand alone did not give promising results. Pure Magnesium showed the best results followed with Nickle then lanthanium. On mixture basis, adding Magnesium to local Sweileh sand improved its storage ability more than adding other materials like Ni or La.
AUDIENCE OUTSIDE THE MUSEUM
Authors: Nessel-Łukasik Beata
Published: October 2017

Polish museums are increasingly conducting
research into their audiences. Results of statistical analyses
and evaluations of educational activities help museum
professionals to learn more about the people visiting their
museums. However, it is essential to broaden the scope of
research, to differentiate the methods and tools used, and
above all to systematise the work and adapt it to the requirements
and reality of how institutions with various profiles
function. Therefore, the question arises: how can such research
be carried out on a national scale? What is the best
way to support museums which function daily in different
surroundings so that their audience research translates to
the programme they offer, and thus help them broaden the
range of their visitors in the future? At the stage of the initial
long-term programme for researching museum audiences
which the National Institute for Museums and Public
Collections conducted in 2017, it was already possible to
gather material which allows for the determination of directions
of activities which, in turn, will help answer the above-
-mentioned questions in the following years. On the basis
of this programme, we can conclude that having introduced
the idea of a museum which is open and accessible to various
groups, it is now time to turn theory into practice. Apart
from keeping statistics, museums should broaden their scope
of research in terms of their audiences, and look at the
audience in a broader perspective, not just in terms of their
presence and the diversity of activities. Only then, after they
have repeated the question “who constitutes the museum’s
audience, and who is absent from them?”, would it be possible
to determine what is indispensable to deepen the relation
between a museum and its audience. Nevertheless,
it will be clear whether museum professionals opt for such
steps and try to learn whom they still have not met in the
museum once broader research has been carried out.
A Computer Simulation Model for Thermal Forming of Ship and Offshore Structures
Authors: Thomas Kurian , Sharma Rajiv , Bhattacharyya Subroto Kumar
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a study on the line heating simulation process with an efficient "finite element analysis (FEA)" simulation model. The simulation model is conceived using concepts from three dimensional (3D) FEA of heat and mass transfer, plate theory and geometry, and implemented with commercially available software (Ansys*™ Mechanical APDL). The source of thermal energy is assumed to be "Gaussian" distributed heat flux, and we consider the temperature dependency of the material properties. The computer simulation model (CSM) is validated using the published experimental results. We study the discretization requirements for thick plates (>14 mm) that are commonly used in the shipbuilding processes and suggest guidelines for referential use in the industry. Also, we investigate the minimum time step size requirement during the cooling phase of the simulation process and based on the experimental numerical simulations, few efficient simulation practices have been coined, and we show that if they are followed then a noticeable gain in reduction of computational cost and time can be attained. We report extensive simulations of the estimated lines and then compare them with the target shape, and show a close agreement. Finally, our presented results are utilized to derive techniques for the improvement in existing FEA simulation models, and we show that the presented CSM is efficient for the application in ships and offshore structures for high bending of thick plates.

1. Introduction

In ship and offshore building industries, geometric shapes are generated by forming of metal plates or sheets into simple or complex curvatures as demanded by the design requirements. Although, the doubly curved structures are used in offshore structures (e.g., spherical tanks and facades), in general, the offshore structures have planar, low curvature formations and developable surfaces, and the ships have a combination of developable and nondevelopable surfaces, low and high curvatures, and planar and nonplanar formations. In engineering sciences, a surface can either be "single curved (developable surface)" or "doubly curved (nondevelopable)" or a combination of them in various regions, e.g., doubly curved—bulbous bow and stern bulb, single curved—parallel middle body, combination—in the zones of transitions. In metal based industries, a single-curved surface can be manufactured with simple mechanical processes—bending, rolling, pressing, and/or a combination of them. For doubly curved surface, after the process of rolling and/or pressing, complex mechanical processes are needed:either the plate is shrunk along its longer edges using line/curve/pattern heating,or the plate is pressed against a base shape restricting its movement and then applying the high forces by pressing.
Attitudes of stakeholders to animal welfare during slaughter and transport in SE and E Asia
Authors: Sinclair M , Zito S , Idrus Z , Yan W , van Nhiem D , Lampang P Na , Phillips CJC
Published: October 2017

Understanding cross-cultural differences in attitudes to animal welfare issues is important in maintaining good international relations, including economic and trade relations. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes of stakeholders towards improving the welfare of animals during slaughter and transport in four key SE and E Asian countries: China, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. Logistic regression analysis of the associations between demographic factors and attitudes identified nationality as the most significant factor influencing attitude. Motivating factors for improving welfare were ranked according to their importance: religion, knowledge levels, monetary gain, availability of tools and resources, community issues, approval of supervisor and peers. Strong beliefs in the influence of animal welfare laws, the power of the workplace and the importance of personal knowledge were shared by all countries. In addition, religion and peer consideration were significantly associated with attitudes in Malaysia and Thailand, respectively. The findings of this research will assist in the development of international animal welfare initiatives.
УПРАВЉАЊЕ ЗНАЊЕМ У ОРГАНИЗАЦИЈИ СПОРТСКИХ ДОГАЂАЈА
Authors: Лалић Ненад , Лалић Срђан , Тмушић Олга
Published: October 2017

Спортски догађаји су имали важну улогу у људском животу од древних Олимпијскихигара и маратона, па до данас када имамо савремене ОИ, свјетска и континенталнапрвенства. Данашње спортске организације схватају да сваки догађај представљашансу за учење која обогаћује базу вјештина и знања саме оргнаизације. Организовањеспортских догађаја је постало сложеније, динамичније и захтјевније. Повећањемпрофесиналности и брза размјена знања и искустава довели су до потребе заизучавањем спортског менаџмента. Кроз овај рад желимо да укажемо на потребу даспортске догађаје треба да организују квалификовани стручњаци који посједују знањаиз: спортског маркетинга, права, људских ресурса, рачуноводства и слично. Развојтеорије спортског менаџмента доприноси профилисању спортских менаџера уобразоване стручњаке који могу да: планирају, управљају, организују и контролишуспортске догађаје.
MORFOLOŠKI I MOTORIČKI STATUS UČENIKA SREDNJE ŠKOLE
Authors: Milić Miloš , Joksimović Marko
Published: October 2017

Morfološki status sportiste (učenika) predstavlja njegovu ličnu kartu na bazi koje se možesvrstati u određeni konstitucionalni tip, a takođe se dobijaju podaci o njegovoj tjelesnoj visini, masitijela, BMI pa čak se analiziraju i godine starosti. Morfološke karakteristike predstavljajunajočigledniji prostor u okviru biopsiho-sociološkog statusa humane populacije. Morfologiju definišeskup karakteristika kao što su konstitucija, tjelesni sastav, građa ili sklop kao organizovana irelativno konstantna cjelokupnost osobina u međusobnom odnosu. Taj se skup obično formira odendogenih činilaca (unutrašnji) i u manjoj mjeri od egzogenih (spoljašnji,sredina). Motoričkesposobnosti se obično definišu kao indikatori nivoa razvijenosti osnovnih kretnih dimenzija čovekakoje uslovljavaju uspješnu realizaciju kretanja, bez razlike da li su to sposobnosti stečene treningomili ne.U radu su analizirane morfološke karakteristike i motoričke sposobnosti. Istraživanjem jeobuhvaćeno 19 učenika (15 učenika i 4 učenice) Srednje Tehničke škole iz Trebinja.Osnovni cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje povezanosti morfoloških krakteristika i bazičnih motoričkihsposobnosti učenika.Varijable koje su mjerene za morfološke karakteristike su: visina tijela, masa tijela, izvedeni BodyMass Indeks i Lorentzov indeks konstitucije, dok su za motoričke sposobnosti rađene sledećevraijable: skok u dalj iz mjesta, trčanje 30 metara visoki start, podizanje trupa za 60 sekundi, zgib,izdržaj u zgibu, sklek.
RAZLIKE U FUNKCIONALNIM SPOSOBNOSTIMA DEČAKA MLAĐEG ŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA NAKON PRIMENE POSEBNO PROGRAMIRANOG TRANSFORMACIONOG PROCESA
Authors: Mitrović Nebojša , Stević Dalibor
Published: October 2017

Cilj ovoga istraživanja je bio provera uticaja i efekta posebnog tretmana kineziološkihaktivnosti zasnovanog na taekvondo sportu na funkcionalne sposobnosti dečaka mlađegškolskog uzrast.Na uzorku od 91 ispitanika starosti 11 godina (+/- 6 meseci), podeljenih u trigrupe – eksperimentalnu, prvu kontrolnu i drugu kontrolnu grupu sprovedena sufunkcionalna testiranja. Eksperimentalna grupa je podvrgnuta programiranom vežbanju zarazvoj funkcionalnih sposobnosti, kontrolna grupa (KI) radila je po ustaljenom nastavnomplanu i programu predviđenom za školsku godinu od strane Ministarstva prosvete i kultureuz dodatne sportske aktivnosti (fudbal, košarka, rukomet, odbojka) u školskim sekcijama, dokje kontrolna grupa (KII) radila samo po nastavnom planu i programu predviđenom zaškolsku godinu od strane Ministarstva prosvete i kulture Republike Srpske. Kineziološkiprogram koji je primenjen na eksperimentalnoj grupi trajao je32 časa, a sve u svrhupoboljšanja navedenih sposobnosti. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su ispitanicieksperimentalne grupe postigli dobre rezultate u redukciji aerobne i anaerobne sposobnosti.
EFEKTI PROGRAMIRANE NASTAVE FIZIČKOG VASPITANJA NA RAZVOJ ANTROPOLOŠKIH OBILJEŽJA ŠKOLSKE DJECE
Authors: Pržulj Radomir , Branković Nataša , Bjelica Nemanja
Published: October 2017

Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 106 učenika od toga 48 dječaka i 58 djevojčicastarosti 11 i 12 godina, koji su pohađali šesti razred Osnovne škole „Pale“ Pale. Uzorak je podjeljenna eksperimentalnu (45) i kontrolnu grupu (61). Problem istraživanja se odnosio na utvrđivanjeefekata programiranog fizičkog vježbanja u morfološkim karakteristikama i motoričkimsposobnostima, a predmet istraživanja predstavljale su: longitudinalna dimenzionalnost skeleta,volumen i masa tijela, potkožno masno tkivo, opšta ravnoteža, segmentarna brzina, fleksibilnost,eksplozivna snaga ruku i ramenog pojasa i agilnost. Primarni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike umorfološkim karakteristikama i motoričkim sposobnostima posle primjenjenog programa motoričkogvježbanja kod djece šestog razreda osnovne škole. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je programdodatnog fizičkog vježbanja u eksperimentalnoj grupi prouzrokovao smanjenje vrednosti ukupnetjelesne mase i opravdao primjenu eksperimentalnog faktora kada su u pitanju morfološkekarakteristike, kao i veći nivo prisustva repetitivne snage, brzine trčanja i donekle koordinacijekretanja kod eksperimentalne grupe u odnosu na kontrolnu na finalnom mjerenju.
PRIMJENA PLIVANJA NA LOGOROVANJU I KAMPOVANJU U PRIRODI
Authors: Trivun Milomir , Vukić Željko , Sabljo Ivica
Published: October 2017

Populacija koja je obuhvaćena istraživanjem u radu imala je po 30 studenata muškog polakoji su praktičnu nastavu Aktivnosti u prirodi imali u stacioniranom kampu na Tjentištu.Uzorak ispitanika jedne grupe činili su studenti Fakulteta fizičkog vaspitanja i sportUniverziteta u Istočnom Sarajevu koji su imali praktičnu nastavu Aktivnosti u prirodi u julumjesecu 2008. godine. Drguga grupa izabranih ispitanika su studenti Fakulteta fizičkogvaspitanja i sporta Univerziteta u Istočnom Sarajevu, a imali su praktičnu nastavu Aktivnostiu prirodi u julu mjesecu 2009. godine. Uzorak varijabli odnosio se na primjenu plivanja,vještačkog jezera na Tjentištu, a dionica je iznosila oko 200 metara. Inicijalno i finalnomjerenje obavljeno je u julu mjesecu 2008. za jednu grupu studenata, a druga grupastudenata bila je obuvaćena istim mjerenjem u julu mjesecu 2009. godine. Pored deskriptivnestatistike mjera centrlane tendencije (minimum, maksimum, srednja vrijednost, standardnadeevijacija), za analizu rezultata na inicijalnom i finalnom mjerenju koristi se t-test za maleuzorak ispitanika do 30 u grupi (skupini). Analizirani rezultati istraživanja nisu imavlistatističke značajnosti razlika između inicijalnog i finalnog mjerenja, mada je evidentono daje došlo do promjene numeričkih rezultata.
ФУНКЦИОНАЛНЕ СПОСОБНОСТИ И НАПОРИ ДВА РАЗЛИЧИТА МОДЕЛА ХОДА УЗ НАГИБ
Authors: Вукић Жељко , Тривун Миломир , Јаковљевић Владимир
Published: October 2017

У раду се пореде функционалне способности и субјективни осјећај оптерећењатоком два различита модела хода уз нагиб. У ту сврху је тестирано 28 студенатафакултета физичког васпитања и спорта (старости 21.4, ±1.27). За оба протоколахода је кориштена моторизована покретна трака управљана дијагностичкимапаратом Фитмејт Мед (Cosmed, Italy) и забиљежени су максимална потрошњакисеоника (VO2max), максимална срчана фреквенција (HRмаx) а након свакогпротокола испитаници су изразили субјективни осјећај оптерећења (RPE). Наконпрвог мјерења, на којем су испитаници ходали самоизабраним моделом хода,приступило се 12 часовној обуци задатог модела хода уз нагиб након чега сеприступило другом мјерењу гдје су испитаници ходали задатим моделом. На обамјерења је кориштен субмаксимални тест „Chester treadmill walk test“. Добијениподаци су анализирани кинематском методом и статистичким процедурама.Закључак је да постоје разлике између испитиваних модела хода, односно да задатимодел изискује веће енергетске трошкове а изазива мање субјективно оптерећење.
A retrospective study: does upper airway morphology differ between non-positional and positional obstructive sleep apnea?
Authors: Jiao Xiao , Zou Jianyin , Liu Suru , Guan Jian , Yi Hongliang , Yin Shankai
Published: October 2017

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore the differences in upper airway morphology between positional (POSA) and non-positional (NPOSA) obstructive sleep apnea.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 75 patients (45 NPOSA and 30 POSA) who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and computed tomography (CT). The differences in, and relationships of, the PSG values and CT data between POSA and NPOSA were analyzed.

Results

Significant (p < 0.05) differences between the two groups were found in the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), lateral-AHI (L-AHI), soft palate length (SPL), cross-sectional palatopharyngeal area, and the coronal diameter (CD) of the palatopharyngeal area at the narrowest part of the glossopharynx, which were all higher in POSA, except for SPL, AHI, and L-AHI. L-AHI was correlated with the cross-sectional area (r =  − 0.306, p = 0.008) and CD (r =  − 0.398, p < 0.001) of the palatopharyngeal area, the cross-sectional area (r =  − 0.241, p = 0.038) and CD (r =  − 0.297, p = 0.010) of the narrowest level of the glossopharynx, the CD of the glossopharynx (r = 0.284, p = 0.013), body mass index (BMI, r = 0.273, p = 0.018), SPL (r = 0.284, p = 0.014), and vallecula-tip of tongue (r = 0.250, p = 0.030). The SPL and CD at the narrowest part of the glossopharynx were included in the simplified screening model.

Conclusions

In NPOSA, the CD of the upper airway was smaller, and the soft palate was longer, than in POSA. These differences may play significant roles in explaining the main differences between NPOSA and POSA.
Lower Band Cascade of Whistler Waves Excited by Anisotropic Hot Electrons: One‐Dimensional PIC Simulations
Authors: Chen Huayue , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Ke Yangguang , Wang Shui
Published: October 2017

Based on Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms waveform data, Gao, Lu, et al. (2016) have reported two special multiband chorus events, where upper band waves are located at harmonics of lower band waves. And they proposed a new generation mechanism to explain this multiband chorus wave, named as lower band cascade. With a 1‐D particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulation model, we have investigated the lower band cascade of whistler waves excited by anisotropic hot electrons. During each simulation, lower band whistler mode waves are firstly excited by the anisotropy of hot electrons. Later, upper band harmonic waves are generated through the nonlinear coupling between the electromagnetic and electrostatic components of lower band waves, which supports the scenario of lower band cascade. Moreover, the peak wave number (or frequency) of lower band waves will continuously drift to smaller values due to the decline of the anisotropy of hot electrons. While the peak wave number of upper band harmonic waves will be kept nearly unchanged, but their amplitude continues to decrease after their saturation. We further find that the magnetic amplitude of upper band harmonic waves tends to increase with the increase of the wave normal angle of lower band waves or the anisotropy of hot electrons. Besides, the amplitude ratio between upper band and lower band waves is positively correlated with the wave normal angle of lower band waves but is anticorrelated with the anisotropy of hot electrons. Our study has provided a more comprehensive understanding of the lower band cascade of whistler waves.
Interpreting Soft Sediment Deformation and Mass Transport Deposits as Seismites in the Dead Sea Depocenter
Authors: Lu Yin , Waldmann Nicolas , Ian Alsop G. , Marco Shmuel
Published: October 2017

We have studied the history of earthquakes over the past 70 kyr by analyzing disturbed sedimentary layers around the margins of the Dead Sea. However, we know little about disturbances in the basin depocenter, where water depth is ~300 m, and accessible only by drilling. In this study, we compare disturbances from the Dead Sea depocenter, with the contemporaneous earthquake record (~56–30 ka) that was recovered on the western margin of the lake. This comparison allows us to discern the characteristics of disturbance in the different subaqueous environments and identify the source and sedimentary process of mass transport deposits. Our observations indicate that (i) the long disturbance sequences in the Dead Sea depocenter are composed of in situ deformation, slump, and chaotic deposits; (ii) earthquake‐triggered Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability is a plausible mechanism for the in situ deformation in the lake center; (iii) the slump is slope area sourced; (iv) the unit of chaotic deposits is lakeshore sourced; and (v) earthquake‐triggered slope instability is a viable mechanism for the slump and chaotic deposits. We further suggest that long sequences of disturbance in seismically active lake depocenters can be used to infer earthquake clusters.
Subgrain Rotation Recrystallization During Shearing: Insights From Full‐Field Numerical Simulations of Halite Polycrystals
Authors: Gomez‐Rivas E. , Griera A. , Llorens M.‐G. , Bons P. D. , Lebensohn R. A. , Piazolo S.
Published: October 2017

We present, for the first time, results of full‐field numerical simulations of subgrain rotation recrystallization of halite polycrystals during simple shear deformation. The series of simulations show how microstructures are controlled by the competition between (i) grain size reduction by creep by dislocation glide and (ii) intracrystalline recovery encompassing subgrain coarsening by coalescence through rotation and alignment of the lattices of neighboring subgrains. A strong grain size reduction develops in models without intracrystalline recovery, as a result of the formation of high‐angle grain boundaries when local misorientations exceed 15°. The activation of subgrain coarsening associated with recovery decreases the stored strain energy and results in grains with low intracrystalline heterogeneities. However, this type of recrystallization does not significantly modify crystal preferred orientations. Lattice orientation and grain boundary maps reveal that this full‐field modeling approach is able to successfully reproduce the evolution of dry halite microstructures from laboratory deformation experiments, thus opening new opportunities in this field of research. We demonstrate how the mean subgrain boundary misorientations can be used to estimate the strain accommodated by dislocation glide using a universal scaling exponent of about 2/3, as predicted by theoretical models. In addition, this strain gauge can be potentially applied to estimate the intensity of intracrystalline recovery, associated with temperature, using quantitative crystallographic analyses in areas with strain gradients.
An Assessment of State‐of‐the‐Art Mean Sea Surface and Geoid Models of the Arctic Ocean: Implications for Sea Ice Freeboard Retrieval
Authors: Skourup Henriette , Farrell Sinéad Louise , Hendricks Stefan , Ricker Robert , Armitage Thomas W. K. , Ridout Andy , Andersen Ole Baltazar , Haas Christian , Baker Steven
Published: October 2017

State‐of‐the‐art Arctic Ocean mean sea surface (MSS) models and global geoid models (GGMs) are used to support sea ice freeboard estimation from satellite altimeters, as well as in oceanographic studies such as mapping sea level anomalies and mean dynamic ocean topography. However, errors in a given model in the high‐frequency domain, primarily due to unresolved gravity features, can result in errors in the estimated along‐track freeboard. These errors are exacerbated in areas with a sparse lead distribution in consolidated ice pack conditions. Additionally model errors can impact ocean geostrophic currents, derived from satellite altimeter data, while remaining biases in these models may impact longer‐term, multisensor oceanographic time series of sea level change in the Arctic. This study focuses on an assessment of five state‐of‐the‐art Arctic MSS models (UCL13/04 and DTU15/13/10) and a commonly used GGM (EGM2008). We describe errors due to unresolved gravity features, intersatellite biases, and remaining satellite orbit errors, and their impact on the derivation of sea ice freeboard. The latest MSS models, incorporating CryoSat‐2 sea surface height measurements, show improved definition of gravity features, such as the Gakkel Ridge. The standard deviation between models ranges 0.03–0.25 m. The impact of remaining MSS/GGM errors on freeboard retrieval can reach several decimeters in parts of the Arctic. While the maximum observed freeboard difference found in the central Arctic was 0.59 m (UCL13 MSS minus EGM2008 GGM), the standard deviation in freeboard differences is 0.03–0.06 m.
The Saharan Air Layer as an Early Rainfall Season Suppressant in the Eastern Caribbean: The 2015 Puerto Rico Drought
Authors: Mote Thomas L. , Ramseyer Craig A. , Miller Paul W.
Published: October 2017

Eastern Puerto Rico and the surrounding Caribbean experienced a severe drought in 2015 that resulted in record‐low reservoir and river levels. Rainfall deficits in April and May, which represent the period when the drought began, were more severe in 2015 than recent droughts of record. While El Niño has been associated with drought in the Caribbean, onset of the 2015 drought was strongly associated with lower‐than‐average values of a recently developed tool used by weather forecasters in San Juan, the Gálvez‐Davison Index (GDI), which is used to measure the potential for thunderstorm development and rainfall. Persistently low GDI values indicate strong and frequent intrusions of hot, dry air in the low to middle troposphere, suppressing convection, both locally and in development regions for tropical waves that impact Puerto Rico. The Saharan Air Layer (SAL) is largely responsible for this anomalously hot, dry air, which produced thermodynamically stable conditions and limited thunderstorms and rainfall. Moreover, higher‐than‐normal aerosol concentrations, typically associated with SAL intrusion over the Caribbean, were recorded in April and May 2015. A comparison to advanced very high resolution radiometer aerosol optical thickness demonstrates that higher Caribbean aerosols in the early rainfall season, particularly June, are associated with decreased rainfall in eastern Puerto Rico. Results here demonstrate a direct link between the early and more pronounced SAL intrusions into the Caribbean and the suppression of the early rainfall season. More broadly, a reduction in the GDI and increase in the trade wind inversion was associated with reduced early season rainfall in the eastern Caribbean.
Extraordinary Features of the Planetary Wave Propagation During the Boreal Winter 2013/2014 and the Zonal Wave Number Two Predominance
Authors: Harada Y. , Hirooka T.
Published: October 2017

Observational features of the winter 2013/2014 are investigated using of the Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis data. This winter can be characterized by the continuous predominance of planetary waves of zonal wave number two (WN2) that did not cause major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. It is found that the vertical component of the Eliassen‐Palm flux of WN2 for the winter 2013/2014 is almost equal to the highest value of the winter 2008/2009. The longitudinal distribution of vertical components of Plumb wave activity flux for this winter shows marked downward propagation around 100°W and upward propagation around 60°E, both of which are the strongest of their type among the 56 winters since 1958/1959. The convergence of wave packets propagating from around 60°E contributes to the development and continuance of the quasi‐barotropic Aleutian High, which is associated with the extension of negative extended refractive index (Ks) region. The extension of negative Ks region is related to the convergence or reflection of the wave packets emanating from tropospheric blocking highs developing in the North Pacific Ocean; the development and continuance of the quasi‐barotropic Aleutian High is considered to be one of plausible reasons for the lack of major SSWs in the winter 2013/2014. In addition to these results, we revealed the significant contribution of smaller scale waves (with a zonal wave number of three or more) to the structure of localized wave packet propagation in the stratosphere.
Ozone Variability and Anomalies Observed During SENEX and SEAC4RS Campaigns in 2013
Authors: Kuang Shi , Newchurch Michael J. , Thompson Anne M. , Stauffer Ryan M. , Johnson Bryan J. , Wang Lihua
Published: October 2017

Tropospheric ozone variability occurs because of multiple forcing factors including surface emission of ozone precursors, stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport (STT), and meteorological conditions. Analyses of ozonesonde observations made in Huntsville, AL, during the peak ozone season (May to September) in 2013 indicate that ozone in the planetary boundary layer was significantly lower than the climatological average, especially in July and August when the Southeastern United States (SEUS) experienced unusually cool and wet weather. Because of a large influence of the lower stratosphere, however, upper tropospheric ozone was mostly higher than climatology, especially from May to July. Tropospheric ozone anomalies were strongly anticorrelated (or correlated) with water vapor (or temperature) anomalies with a correlation coefficient mostly about 0.6 throughout the entire troposphere. The regression slopes between ozone and temperature anomalies for surface up to midtroposphere are within 3.0–4.1 ppbv K−1. The occurrence rates of tropospheric ozone laminae due to STT are ≥50% in May and June and about 30% in July, August, and September suggesting that the stratospheric influence on free‐tropospheric ozone could be significant during early summer. These STT laminae have a mean maximum ozone enhancement over the climatology of 52 ± 33% (35 ± 24 ppbv) with a mean minimum relative humidity of 2.3 ± 1.7%.
Using ARM Observations to Evaluate Climate Model Simulations of Land‐Atmosphere Coupling on the U.S. Southern Great Plains
Authors: Phillips Thomas J. , Klein Stephen A. , Ma Hsi‐Yen , Tang Qi , Xie Shaocheng , Williams Ian N. , Santanello Joseph A. , Cook David R. , Torn Margaret S.
Published: October 2017

Several independent measurements of warm‐season soil moisture and surface atmospheric variables recorded at the ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) research facility are used to estimate the terrestrial component of land‐atmosphere coupling (LAC) strength and its regional uncertainty. The observations reveal substantial variation in coupling strength, as estimated from three soil moisture measurements at a single site, as well as across six other sites having varied soil and land cover types. The observational estimates then serve as references for evaluating SGP terrestrial coupling strength in the Community Atmospheric Model coupled to the Community Land Model. These coupled model components are operated in both a free‐running mode and in a controlled configuration, where the atmospheric and land states are reinitialized daily, so that they do not drift very far from observations. Although the controlled simulation deviates less from the observed surface climate than its free‐running counterpart, the terrestrial LAC in both configurations is much stronger and displays less spatial variability than the SGP observational estimates. Preliminary investigation of vegetation leaf area index (LAI) substituted for soil moisture suggests that the overly strong coupling between model soil moisture and surface atmospheric variables is associated with too much evaporation from bare ground and too little from the vegetation cover. These results imply that model surface characteristics such as LAI, as well as the physical parameterizations involved in the coupling of the land and atmospheric components, are likely to be important sources of the problematical LAC behaviors.
Multimodal Bioactivation of Hydrophilic Electrospun Nanofibers Enables Simultaneous Tuning of Cell Adhesivity and Immunomodulatory Effects
Authors: Wistlich Laura , Kums Juliane , Rossi Angela , Heffels Karl‐Heinz , Wajant Harald , Groll Jürgen
Published: October 2017

Biomaterials research usually focuses on functional and structural mimicry of the extracellular matrix or tissue hierarchy and morphology. Most recently, material‐induced modulatory effects on the immune system to arouse a healing response is another upcoming strategy. Approaches, however, that integrate both aspects to induce healing and facilitate specific cell adhesion are so far little explored. This study exploits manifold but chemical crosslinker free functionalization of hydrophilic and nonadhesive electrospun fiber surfaces with peptides for controlled cell adhesion, and with neutra­lizing antibodies targeting the master cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to dampen proinflammatory reactions by the fiber adherent cells. It is demonstrated that cell attachment and immunomodulatory properties of a textile can be tailored at the same time to generate meshes that combine immunosuppressive activity with specific cell adhesion properties.
2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites for Optoelectronics
Authors: Chen Yani , Sun Yong , Peng Jiajun , Tang Junhui , Zheng Kaibo , Liang Ziqi
Published: October 2017

Conventional 3D organic–inorganic halide perovskites have recently undergone unprecedented rapid development. Yet, their inherent instabilities over moisture, light, and heat remain a crucial challenge prior to the realization of commercialization. By contrast, the emerging 2D Ruddlesden−Popper‐type perovskites have recently attracted increasing attention owing to their great environmental stability. However, the research of 2D perovskites is just in their infancy. In comparison to 3D analogues, they are natural quantum wells with a much larger exciton binding energy. Moreover, their inner structural, dielectric, optical, and excitonic properties remain to be largely explored, limiting further applications. This review begins with an introduction to 2D perovskites, along with a detailed comparison to 3D counterparts. Then, a discussion of the organic spacer cation engineering of 2D perovskites is presented. Next, quasi‐2D perovskites that fall between 3D and 2D perovskites are reviewed and compared. The unique excitonic properties, electron–phonon coupling, and polarons of 2D perovskites are then be revealed. A range of their (opto)electronic applications is highlighted in each section. Finally, a summary is given, and the strategies toward structural design, growth control, and photophysics studies of 2D perovskites for high‐performance electronic devices are rationalized.
Engineering Cell Surface Function with DNA Origami
Authors: Akbari Ehsan , Mollica Molly Y. , Lucas Christopher R. , Bushman Sarah M. , Patton Randy A. , Shahhosseini Melika , Song Jonathan W. , Castro Carlos E.
Published: October 2017

A specific and reversible method is reported to engineer cell‐membrane function by embedding DNA‐origami nanodevices onto the cell surface. Robust membrane functionalization across epithelial, mesenchymal, and nonadherent immune cells is achieved with DNA nanoplatforms that enable functions including the construction of higher‐order DNA assemblies at the cell surface and programed cell–cell adhesion between homotypic and heterotypic cells via sequence‐specific DNA hybridization. It is anticipated that integration of DNA‐origami nanodevices can transform the cell membrane into an engineered material that can mimic, manipulate, and measure biophysical and biochemical function within the plasma membrane of living cells.
Semiconductive Materials with Tunable Electrical Resistance and Surface Polarity Obtained by Asymmetric Functionalization of Janus Nanoparticles
Authors: Mihali Voichita , Honciuc Andrei
Published: October 2017

Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) can offer significant potential for synthesis of multifunctional materials, due to their inherent property contrast between the lobes. Asymmetric surface chemical modifications on JNPs can be performed such that each lobe can carry different surface and/or bulk‐like properties, which could be combined in surprising ways. In this work, it is shown that snowman‐type polymeric JNPs can be used to make conductive materials with tunable resistance and surface polarity. By changing the relative size between a conductive and an electrically insulating lobe, the bulk powder conductivity within a series of JNPs by a factor of 10 without changing the intrinsic conductivity of the polymer can be tuned. In the same time, the surface polarity of the powder material decreased by a factor of 5. The possibility to synthesize multifunctional materials from JNPs building blocks that enable the coupling of a bulk‐like property with a surface functionality is therefore demonstrated.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening of 2‐Alkylidenecyclobutanols: Stereoselective Synthesis of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Ketones by C−C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Chen Ling , Sun Feng‐Na , Sun Yu‐Li , Xu Zheng , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Cui Yu‐Ming , Cao Jian , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: October 2017

A facile synthesis of γ,δ‐unsaturated ketones via palladium‐catalyzed ring‐opening of 2‐alkylidenecyclobutanols with organic halides is described. The key step involves
−
bond cleavage via palladium‐catalyzed β‐carbon elimination. The desired γ,δ‐unsaturated ketones are obtained in good to excellent yields and broad functional group tolerability. Aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, and alkynyl halides all readily participate to forge tri‐substituted carbon‐carbon double bond in a stereoselective manner.

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Community Power Structure Analysis and the Ethical Considerations of “Studying Up”
Authors: Kivell Natalie M. , Evans Scotney D. , Paterson Susan E.
Published: October 2017

This narrative outlines our challenges in studying power and power structures within an individual‐level ethical framework. Taking a social ethics perspective, we share the story of our “sticky situation” (Campbell, ) that transpired during a multi‐year community partnership. We were asked, by our community partners, to help collect interview data without informed consent. As a team of community‐engaged university researchers, we were faced with a seemingly easy ethical situation (no consent, no research) that had unexpectedly complicated and long‐lasting consequences. This experience revealed to us how community‐engaged research and action, under a traditional ethics framework, can often work to protect those in positions of power and offer little to disrupt the status quo. Reflecting on the tension between individual and social ethics, we discuss the limitations of an individual‐level framework, including the definitions for respect for persons, justice, and beneficence, on our ability as a field to understand, critique, and contribute to the dismantling of oppressive power structures.
Reflexivity in Counterspaces Fieldwork
Authors: Case Andrew D.
Published: October 2017

Reflexivity is an important tool for navigating ethically important moments in fieldwork. It may be particularly useful in situations where the researcher has the potential to undermine the conduct of the study and/or the well‐being‐enhancing role of counterspaces. In this article, I explore my use of reflexivity to traverse ethically important moments I encountered while investigating a counterspace for African‐American youth who had been incarcerated. The ethical challenge concerned whether and how to continue this study in light of realizing that I held implicit biases toward the research participants. I describe my process for arriving at a decision and propose key considerations for the use of reflexivity in supporting ethical fieldwork within counterspaces.
Prognostic significance of additional chromosomal abnormalities at the time of diagnosis in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with frontline tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Alhuraiji Ahmad , Kantarjian Hagop , Boddu Prajwal , Ravandi Farhad , Borthakur Gautam , DiNardo Courtney , Daver Naval , Kadia Tapan , Pemmaraju Naveen , Pierce Sherry , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Wierda William , Verstovsek Srdan , Jabbour Elias , Cortes Jorge
Published: October 2017

Additional cytogenetic abnormalities (ACA) are considered a high risk feature in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, its prognostic significance at the time of diagnosis in the setting of new tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is less well understood. Patients with CML in CP with or without ACA at diagnosis treated with frontline TKIs in prospective clinical trials were analyzed for outcomes. Among 603 patients treated, 29 (5%) had ACA. Patients with ACA included 2 of 72 (2.8%) treated with imatinib 400 mg, 9 of 207 (4.3%) with imatinib 800 mg, 10 of 148 (6.7%) with dasatinib, 6 of 126 (4.7%) with nilotinib, and 2 of 50 (4%) with ponatinib. There was a significantly higher rate of complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) at 6 months in patients without ACA (P = .02). However cumulative CCyR and major molecular response (MMR) rates were not different. Similarly, MR4.0 and MR4.5 rates were similar for both groups; two CML‐ACA patients maintained MR 4.5 for at least 2 years. At 5 years, ACA at diagnosis did not significantly impact transformation‐free, failure‐free, event‐free, or overall survival expectations. Acknowledging small sample size estimates, response rates and survival outcomes were comparable in CP with ACA irrespective of whether chromosomal abnormalities were “major route” or other. The presence of ACA at diagnosis does not confer worse prognosis for patients with CML treated with TKI. Thus, the presence of ACA at diagnosis should not alter treatment strategies in these patients.