bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epicentral parameters -A generalised software package
Authors: SHAIKH Z. E. , SRIVASTAVA H. N. , CHAUDHURY H. M.
Published: February 2022

A computer programme has been developed for the epicentral determination on routine basis using p and S phases. In addition to teleseismic phases, provision has been kept for including all or any of the near earthquake phases, namely Pn, P* and Pg as well as Sn, S*and Sg* Solutions can be obtained at present for focal depths ranging from zero to 280 km within the eplcentral distance of 90 degrees. The programme incorporates built-in consistency checks to deal with errors in the data and so discards outright or reduces the effective weightage in the computation of the concerned observations not falling within acceptable limits.

 

The results agree fairly well with the bulletins of U .S. Geological Survey, International Seismological Centre, U.K. and USSR.
On time varying currents and hydrographic conditions in The central Arabian Sea during summer monsoon-I977
Authors: RAMAM K. V. SUNDARA , RAO C. V. K. PRASADA , PRASAD N. DURGA
Published: February 2022

Time variations of currents, temperatures and salinities at specified depths from surface to 1000 m have been studied using the hydrographic and current data collected by the USSR research ships at northern and southern locations of the central Arabian Sea polygon of Monsoon- 77 experiment. The results are discussed in relation to the onset and progress of the summer monsoon. The influence of a severe cyclonic storm on the variation of thermal structure in the surface layers is also discussed.
Vorticity patterns vis-à-vis rainfall distribution over India during July1979
Authors: CHHABRA B. M. , SINGH B. V. , DAYAL V. , ARYA A. D.
Published: February 2022

The association of relative vorticity  patterns at 0. 9 km asl and at 300 rob level with the 24-hourly rainfall recorded upto 03 GMT of the next day has been studied for the month of July 1979. The Vorticity field is derived from objectively analysed wind field at 2 degrees latitude/longitude grid length by using finite difference technique. It is found that cyclonic vorticity at 0.9 kro asl with anticyclonic or cyclonic vorticity at 300 mb level has very high association with rainfall of next day.
An analysis of the high tropospheric wind circulation Over India in winter
Authors: Koteswaram P.
Published: February 2022

The distribution of winds and temperature at various heights along roughly longitude 80°E has been discussed for two days of approximately westerly flow in winter, The existence of "jet streams" over Northern India in the high troposphere is observed and the thermal and wind structures associated with the streams are discussed. It is observed that on 30 January 1951, the jet stream occurred in association with a break in the, tropopause as m middle latitudes while on 2 February 1951,lt was found entirely in the tropical troposphere, The former is classified as the polar front type and the latter as the sub-tropical type as postulated by Palmen.
The Daily Variation of Wind in the Lower Atmosphere over Ahmedabad
Authors: VENKATESWARAN S. V.
Published: February 2022

The lower atmospheric wind structure over Ahmedabad has been studied from a detailed. analysis of one complete year's observations. It is found that the local winds introduced by the orographical peculiarities of the surrounding country are (1) the katabatic wind that comes as. a Northeasterly current extending to a depth of about 0'15 to 0,25 km in the months of October to January and (2) the sea breeze that reaches from ,the Gulf of Cambay in the hot months just prior to and after the local monsoon. A seasonal examination of the pilot balloon winds shows that the nature of the diurnal variation of wind is governed mainly by the amount of turbulence in the frictional layer. This variation is confined to about'3000 ft in winter and extends to a greater from the Gulf height in summer. It is also shown how, in the winter months, both the wind and temperature distributions help in the formation of a very stable layer just above 3000 ft limiting the upper reach of surface turbulence.
Winds at Tiruchirapalli airfield and neighbourhood
Authors: JAGANNATHAN P.
Published: February 2022

An examination of the hourly observations made at the Tiruchirapalli airfield during the years 1945-46 and those made at the Tiruchirapalli cantonment during May 1943 to November 1944 has been made and discussed in this note. It has been found that the variation of wind during the course of  the day as well as during the different seasons are well marked. The diurnal variation has been subjected to harmonic analysis and the characteristic feature in the different seasons have been discussed. The predominant directions of wind during the different seasons, as well as the frequency of winds from different directions have also been given. A preliminary examination in regard to the incursion of sea breeze at Tiruchirapalli has also been made.
Thermal thickness patterns and tropical storms
Authors: GEORGE C. A.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, an attempt is made to illustrate the utility of the thermal thickness patterns .on constant pressure chart for forecasting the life cycles of a few tropical storms in the Bay of Bengal   The thickness patterns and the contour  thickness relationship seen on the 500-mb isobaric surface gave useful advance indications about the future movement and intensification or decay of the storms under study, atleast 12 hours earlier than those evident from the synoptic charts. Relative divergence in accordance with Sutcliffe's development term was computcd from the isopleths of h5oo+hl 000 and the total thickness at the 500-mb surface and it was found that the patterns   obtained were qualitatively in good agreement with the subsequent movement and development of the storms. It is also shown that the storms under study were steered mainly by the thermal winds at 500-mb surface over the warm sector rather than by the actual winds at 6  kilometres.
The ground equipment for the F -type radiosonde
Authors: HUDDAR B. B. , NAGARAJAN K. , DHAR N. C. , VENKITESHWARAN S. P.
Published: February 2022

The paper describes the latest model of the F -type radiosonde receiver and recorder designed and constructed in the laboratories and workshops of the Meteorological Office at Poona. The receiver is of the conventional super-regenerative type. The original moving iron armature in the recorder has been replaced by a moving coil and the construction of this equipment has been described in detail.
The density of reporting network necessary for proper appraisal of the occurrence of rainfall in small areas in different localities in India in various seasons
Authors: SIRCAR N. C. RAI , Hariharan P. S.
Published: February 2022

A study has been made of the minimum density of network of raingauge stations necessary for a proper appraisal of the character of rainfall in a given small area. Apart from the statistical value of the results obtained, this study has thrown some useful light in regard to our criteria for the assessment of rainfall forecasts for small areas such as those included in the Farmers' Weather Bulletins. Some of the findings of the study are of particular interest. For example, while one would conclude, on the basis of data of Calcutta alone that the liability of the area round about the station to get rain of 10 cents or more during the premonsoon season is only 11 for every 100 days, the analysis based on data of all raingauge stations within 50 miles round about Calcutta shows that on as many as 53 per cent days one or more stations in that area is likely to have rain of 10 cents or more. Similar findings, as have been obtained for other areas and in other seasons, are of value inconnection with the districtwise forecasts that are being issued for the use of farmers.
Measurement of the electrical potential gradient in the atmosphere by radiosonde
Authors: VENKITESHWARAN S.P. , GUPTA B.K. , HUDDAR B.B.
Published: February 2022

In a recent paper Venkiteshwaran, Dhar and Huddar (1953) have described a method to measure the electrical potential gradient in the atmosphere by radiosondes. They have adapted the valve electrometer of Koenigsfeld and Piraux (1951.) with the audio frequency modulated type of radio­sonde used in the U.S.A. The HL 23 valve which works as an electrometer is coupled to the modulator circuit of the American radio­sonde transmitter by disconnecting its tem­perature and humidity elements and replac­ing them with a wire wound resistance of about 350 ohms. This resistance formed the load between the grid and the cathode of the valve electrometer. A small potential of 6 volts is applied between the grid and the cathode of the HL23. The terminals from the collectors at known distances are connect­ed to the plate and the cathode of this valve. The variations in the atmospheric potential gradient cause a corresponding change in the voltage across the load resistance which in turn alters the audio frequency of the modulator circuit of the radiosonde which is recorded on the ground equipment.
Diurnal variation of horizontal magnetic force at Kodaikanal
Authors: THIRUVENGADATHAN A.
Published: February 2022

The diurnal variation of horizontal force at Kodaikanal on each of  the international  quiet Days   during the summer  solstices of   the years 1949-1951  is subjected  to harmonic  analysis. The harmonic co-efficients of the same period are plotted on a harmonic dial. In the case of a strictly persistent periodicity affected only by random errors, the probable error figure will be a circle. For the 24-hourly wave  the probable  error figure is found to be an ellipse having the ratio of the axes, 1.80. The direction of the major axis indicates that the amplitude varies much more than the phase. An attempt is made to find out whether this large variation in amplitude can be accounted for by regular causes like degree of disturbance, variation of sunspot number etc. Sunspot number accounts only to a small extent for this large variation of the amplitude. The variability is mostly fortuitous.  It is also noticed  that as the value of the first harmonic coefficient decreases, ,the corresponding decrease in the second harmonic coefficient is less and the second component may even be larger  than the first when  the latter  is very  small.
PREVENCIÓN DE LINFEDEMA SECUNDARIO AL TRATAMIENTO DE CÁNCER DE MAMA. REVISIÓN DE LA EVIDENCIA CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Uclés Villalobos Vanessa , De la Paz Román María Paloma
Published: February 2022

RESUMEN

Introducción: El linfedema es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes y devastadoras en los sobrevivientes al cáncer de mama, pero prevenible, por lo que es fundamental trabajar en esa dirección. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura mediante la búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de Google scholar, PubMed, Medline y EMBASE. Se estudiaron 37 artículos de los cuales 20 fueron los más relevantes. Resultados: Existen muchos mitos relacionados a factores de riesgo que podrían relacionarse con desarrollar linfedema, a pesar de la evidencia sobre los que realmente representan un riesgo.

Conclusiones: Lo más importante es la intervención integral, con énfasis en las estrategias dirigidas a la prevención del linfedema, basadas en la educación individualizada y la evidencia científica.
Estudio de Cohorte del impacto y eficacia del proceso de vacunación contra la COVID-19 en la población inmunizada en Costa Rica durante el 2021.
Authors: Cairol Barquero Andrés , Morún Vargas Wendy , Loaiza Sáenz Luis Felipe , Segura Pérez Edward , Arguedas Hernández Erick , González Zuñiga Sugey
Published: February 2022

Introducción:

La nueva enfermedad por coronavirus del subtipo COVID 19 tuvo su aparición en diciembre del 2019 en China. En Costa Rica, el primer caso fue diagnosticado en el 6 de marzo 2020 donde una mujer estadounidense de 49 años de edad aterrizó en un vuelo como turista, el 24 de diciembre del 2020 llegó el primer lote de vacunas de la marca Pfizer Ò y se inició el proceso de vacunación con personal de salud y adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos:  Mediante el análisis de las bases de datos abiertas de casos positivos disponible en el observatorio geográfico en salud mediante el convenio con el ministerio de salud y la base de datos de vacunación publicada en la página web de la CCSS, se revisó del 6 de marzo del 2020 hasta el 11 de noviembre del 2021.

Resultados: Se estimó que  para la población general con I dosis de vacuna la reducción del riesgo de casos  positivos es del 55.4 % (IC 95 % 48  - 63), reducción para la hospitalización 69 % ( IC 95 %  37- 85) y la reducción para el fallecimiento del 87 % (IC 95 %  54 – 97 %).   Se realizó una prueba de Hipótesis Z,  utilizando un valor p=0.05, para  un valor critico de 1.96. El valor de Z fue de 23.13, por lo que se rechaza la hipótesis nula, confirmando que si existe un efecto estadísticamente significativo.

Conclusiones: el efecto en los casos positivos, hospitalizaciones y fallecimientos de la vacunación contra la COVID-19, es congruente con  lo expuesto en  otros países con esquemas de vacunación similar, lo que respalda que en el contexto de Costa Rica, el uso de las vacunas mostro un efecto  favorable y  con evidencia estadísticamente significativa.
Greetings for New Year!
Authors: Mehboob Riffat
Published: February 2022

Happy New Year to all the readers, reviewers, authors and team Pakistan BioMedical Journal. Previous year was an exciting one with a lot of success and achievements for PBMJ. We hope this year would bring more achievements for PBMJ.

I would share another exciting news on behalf of all editors that Prof. Dr. Peter Oehme has joined PBMJ as Senior Editorial Board Member and honorary Editor. He is a German Physician and Pharmacologist. He is founder of East German Drugs Research Institute established in 1977 and he was the first Director. His main focus of research was on the ‘Origins of stress reactions’. He explored the role of Substance P in the stress response and the pharmacological properties. He also explored how the body adapts to these stressed conditions. He is among the pioneer researcher for Substance P neuropeptide and its physiological and pathological functions. In 1985, he was the corresponding member of the ‘German Academy of Sciences’, In 1988 He was the external member of the ‘Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences’ and also awarded National Prize of the German Democratic Republic Class II (Sciences and Technology) the same year. In 1990, he was selected as full member of the German Academy of Sciences and in 2014, he was selected as external member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is our great pleasure that he has joined us and it will strengthen our Journal.

We would not forget the untiring efforts of whole team for bringing feathers to the hat of PBMJ. Contributions from the authors was marvelous and huge response from the readers as well. Editorial board has suggested many reforms and contributed hugely. Reviewers are main support who go through all the articles critically and help us improve the manuscripts.
Comparison of the Antibacterial Activities of Different Antibiotics Against Clinical Isolates
Authors: Abbas Ansar , Hasnain Ammarah , Malik Sarosh , Kausar Humera , Siddiqui Maria Farid , Mehboob Riffat
Published: February 2022

Antibiotic resistance is the capacity of certain strains of bacteria to develop a tolerance to specific antibiotics to which they were once sensitive Objective: To evaluate the antibiotic resistance by measuring the zone of inhibition in terms of sensitivity S, and resistance R. Methods: A total of 1000 clinical isolates collected from different samples were obtained. Antibacterial activities were evaluated by performing antibiotic susceptibility pattern of all clinical isolates against 20 commercial antibiotic discs (Oxicillin, Gatifloxacin, Ampicillin, Levofloxacin, Meteronidazole, Ofloxacin, Tazocin, Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Augmintin, Vancomycin, Linezolid, Fusidic Acid, Nalidixic Acid, Erythromycin, Klaricid, Amoxicillin, Gentamycin, Norfloxacin And Vibramycin) by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: A total of 1000 clinical isolates had been identified where Staphylococcus Aureus showed the highest prevalence 410(41.0%), next to Pseudomonas species 144(14.4%), Escherichia coli 131(13.1%), Enterobacter 64(6.4%) and Klebsiella species 31(3.1%). Vancomycin and Tazocin showed highest sensitivity percentage (77.9%) and (75.1%) for most of the clinical isolates, next to Meteronidazole (71.2%), Klaricid (58.0%), and Fusidic Acid (52.0%), Vibramycin (42.0%), Ciprofloxacin (38.4%), and Ofloxacin (35.7%). Conclusions: It is needed to maintain the appropriate antibiotic usage, prescription by evaluating the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and proper hand washing recommended.
Tenotomy for diabetic foot ulcers: a scoping survey of current practice
Authors: Hitchman L , Nandhra S , Gooday C , Cowan C , Bowling F , Nixon J , Pickard J , Cohen J , Atkin L , Rudarakanchana N , Collings R , Kavarthapu V , Shalhoub J , Games F , Russell D
Published: February 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest growing health crises of our time. One of the major complications is diabetic foot ulcers, many of which fail to heal. Tenotomy – transection of tendon fibres – may help to redistribute pressure in the foot and therefore help ulcer healing and prevent recurrence. The aim of this survey was to explore the availability of pressure relieving adjuncts, including tenotomy, in diabetic foot services and interest in collaborating in further research studies. Methods: An online survey was performed of healthcare professionals involved in the management of diabetic foot ulcers to explore the multidisciplinary composition of diabetic foot services, offloading therapies available and interest in collaborating in further research. Results: The survey gained 168 responses from 10 countries. Most responders were orthopaedic surgeons (61.3%, 103/168). Of those who responded, 70.8% (119/168) had a dedicated diabetic foot clinic and 99 (58.9%) reported having an active tenotomy service. 73.8% (124/168) of responders wished to further collaborate and 82.1% (138/168) were willing to help involve their patients in a future trial. Conclusions: The results of this survey showed the variation in tenotomy practice and an appetite for collaborative research in this area. The Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland Diabetic Foot Specialist Interest Group will address these uncertainties through targeted collaborative research to investigate tenotomy as a potential clinical and cost-effective treatment in diabetic foot care.
Understanding the role of feed manufacturing and delivery within a series of porcine deltacoronavirus investigations
Authors: Elijah C. Grace , Harrison Olivia , Blomme Allison , Woodworth Jason , Jones Cassandra , Paulk Chald , Gebhardt Jordan
Published: February 2022

Two feed mills and three breed-to-wean facilities were investigated after being diagnosed with porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) with initial suspicion that feed manufacture and delivery processes were involved in disease transmission. Both feed mills were audited, and environmental samples collected in areas that were deemed high risk for virus contamination. All breed-to-wean facilities had PDCoV detected as would be expected, while the only positive samples for enteric coronaviruses associated with feed mills were feed delivery trucks. These results indicate that feed delivery surfaces can help spread virus during an ongoing disease outbreak and must be considered when determining the outbreak origin.
Optimal well spacing density in channel sandstones in the case of Ozen field
Authors: Sveshnikov A. V. , Kasenov A. K. , Zholdybayeva A. T. , Ibrayev A. Ye.
Published: February 2022

Most of Kazakhstans oil fields are mature ones. However, wells are still drilled in these fields (annually ~ 500 wells in JSC NC KazMunayGas). Well drilling forms a certain well spacing density at the fields.

This article is concerned with the influence of well spacing density on the oil recovery factor in channel sandstones. The problem of how well spacing density (WSD) influences oil recovery factor (ORF) is one of the most studied and debated in forecasting oil production levels. In the course of studying existing scientific works on this topic, we understood that there is no uniform function of well spacing density and oil recovery factor. Today, when developing a field, it is relevant to search for new approaches to choose the optimal WSD taking into account all aspects of the geological structure based on hydrodynamic modeling. This article provides verification for the optimal WSD in channel sandstones choosing as an example sector model of horizon 13 of the Ozen field in two stages.

During modeling we analyzed the current conditions of field development, and identified WSD with high values. Then a list of highly watered (unprofitable) wells was identified and recommended for shutdown. According to simulation, it is possible to maintain the base level of oil production by shutting off high water cut wells thereby decreasing well spacing density and optimizing fluid production on the remaining stock.
Взаємодія державної служби фінансового моніторингу України з суб´єктами первинного фінансового моніторингу
Authors: Коломоєць О. К.
Published: February 2022

Досліджено теоретичні питання взаємодії між суб´єктами первинного фінансового моніторингу (далі – СПФМ) та Державної служби фінансового моніторингу України (далі – Держфінмоніторинг). Встановлено вичерпний перелік СПФМ та більш детально опрацьовано порядок діяльності з уповноваженим органом. Висвітлено основні тенденції щодо новел законодавства та скасування попередніх нормативно-правових актів з цього питання. Проаналізовано законодавчі акти, які регулюють питання взаємовідносин вищевказаних суб´єктів. Автором запропоновано поділ на види взаємодію на підставі завдань та реалізації прав. Визначено місце та роль СПФМ в системі державної політики з фінансового контролю. Розглянуто основні права та обов´язки учасників правовідносин в аспекті спільних дій, звітності та підконтрольності. Проаналізовано основні форми електронної взаємодії та обміну інформацією між СПФМ та уповноваженого органу. Здійснено порівняння законодавчих актів з точки зору інформаційної взаємодії.
Доктрина інформаційних правовідносин в умовах державної політики перехідного періоду в Україні
Authors: Філатов В. В.
Published: February 2022

У статті досліджується проблема впливу політики перехідного періоду в Україні на процес розвитку доктрини інформаційних правовідносин. Розглянуто основні принципи та напрямки перехідного правосуддя, схарактеризовано форми та методи їхньої реалізації. Детально проаналізовано стан розвитку доктрини інформаційних правовідносин в Україні. Запропоновано перспективні тенденції розвитку доктрини інформаційних правовідносин в умовах перехідного правосуддя. Автором встановлено, що трансформація інформаційного законодавства обумовлює необхідність перегляду об’єктного та суб’єктного складу інформаційних правовідносин. В цій статті обгрунтовано наступні перспективні напрямки розвитку доктрини інформаційних правовідносин в умовах політики перехідного періоду: узагальнення уявлень про систему суб’єктів інформаційних правовідносин; розвиток доктрини об’єктів інформаційних правовідносин; удосконалення теоретичних положень щодо змісту інформаційних правовідносин.
Формування потенціалу публічно-партнерської взаємодії в системі публічного управління
Authors: Михайловська О. В.
Published: February 2022

У статті досліджено напрями розвитку взаємодії між державою та суспільством в системі публічного управління та актуалізовано питання про пошук шляхів формування потенціалу взаємодії між державою та суспільством. Доведено необхідність побудови концептуальної основи публічно-партнерської взаємодії між органами державного управління, місцевого самоврядування та інститутами громадянського суспільства на партнерських засадах. Схарактеризовано наукові погляди щодо тлумачення поняття «громадянське суспільство». Зауважено, що становлення громадянського суспільства виявляється у формуванні та функціонуванні його інститутів. Представлено результати дослідження законодавчо-нормативного поля відносно сутності поняття «інститути громадянського суспільства» та його розмежування з іншими поняттями. Наведено місце інститутів громадянського суспільства у соціальній системі. Розкрито важливість інститутів громадянського суспільства у практичному вимірі функціонування системи публічного управління. Ідентифіковано сутність поняття «потенціал публічно-партнерської взаємодії» та виокремлено його складові елементи. З’ясовано, що наявні погляди науковців щодо трактування категорії «потенціал» не суперечать один одному і є взаємодоповнюючими. Виокремлено ключові характеристики потенціалу в системі публічного управління. Сформована основа публічно-партнерської взаємодії та визначені напрями забезпечення її ефективності.
Особливості державної міграційної служби України щодо надання публічних послуг у сфері міграції та громадянства
Authors: Легеза Є. О.
Published: February 2022

Наукова стаття присвячена характеристиці діяльності державної міграційної служби України щодо надання публічних послуг у сфері міграції та громадянства. Доведено, що ЦНАП мають покладатися повноваження в аспекті паспортного обслуговування населення; коло компетенції органів ДМС має бути зосереджено на наданні публічних послуг громадянам України, що виїжджають за кордон на постійне перебування, та іноземцям та особам без громадянства, що бажають мешкати в Україні. Такий розподіл повноважень дозволить кожному з названих органів сконцентрувати увагу на власній дільниці роботи відповідно до принципу предметної компетенції. Діяльність же державного підприємства «Документ» у цій галузі, на нашу думку, має бути припинена як потенційно корупціогенна. Виявлено суттєвий структурно-функціональний недолік, що виявляє себе в фактичному дублюванні функцій територіальними управліннями ДМС України та ЦНАП в аспекті паспортизації населення. Усунення цього недоліку прямо пов’язано з чіткім розподілом компетенції між зазначеними суб’єктами: функції з поточного обліку населення та надання відповідних публічних послуг щодо оформлення (заміни) паспортів мають бути закріплені за ЦНАП, функції з міграційного обліку та реалізації відповідних адміністративних процедур – за управліннями ДМС. Єдиним винятком мають стати лише процедури паспортизації громадян України, що мешкають на тимчасово непідконтрольних територіях; зважаючи на актуальний стан речей, цей аспект сьогодні прямо пов'язаний із питаннями національної безпеки, що виходить за межі компетенції місцевих органів публічної влади, тому має залишатися у віданні підрозділів центральних органів виконавчої влади, у нашому випадку – управлінь ДМС.
Адміністративні стягнення в сфері забезпечення безпеки дорожнього руху: реалії та перспективи сучасної доктрини
Authors: Доненко В. В.
Published: February 2022

У статті досліджується проблема адміністративної відповідальності у сфері забезпечення безпеки дорожнього руху в Україні на процес розвитку доктрини адміністративно-деліктного права. Розглянуто основні види адміністративних стягнень, які застосовуються за порушення правил дорожнього руху. Детально проаналізовано стан розвиток адміністративної відповідальності за період незалежності України. Зазначено про недоречність скасування штрафних балів. Запропоновано перспективні тенденції розвитку доктрини адміністративної відповідальності в сфері забезпечення безпеки дорожнього руху. Автором встановлено, що трансформація адміністративної відповідальності обумовлює необхідність перегляду існуючих адміністративних стягнень, як складової адміністративного примусу. В цій статті обґрунтовано наступні перспективні напрямки розвитку доктрини адміністративної відповідальності: узагальнення уявлень про систему елементів адміністративного примусу в сфері забезпечення безпеки дорожнього руху; розвиток доктрини складових адміністративного примусу; удосконалення теоретичних положень щодо змісту адміністративного примусу в цілому та розширення його складової через впровадження нових елементів, які фактично існують у адміністративно-деліктному законодавстві, але не отримали належної наукової оцінки.
Reflexões sobre promoção de saúde na escola: invenções e possibilidades de uma extensão universitária
Authors: De Castro Rodrigues Maryana , Moraes de Siqueira Ingrid , Ramos Santana Vitória , Caminha Juliana , Do Nascimento Pereira da Silva Vivyan Karla
Published: February 2022

O processo de entrada no ensino superior no Brasil, conhecido como vestibular, é socialmente encarado como etapa essencial para a inserção dos jovens na vida adulta, sendo capaz de gerar grande impacto na saúde dos estudantes que se preparam para tal. O presente artigo discute a respeito de uma concepção de saúde e seu vínculo com a experiência educacional, abordando vivências de um Projeto de Extensão em Psicologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense, realizado em um colégio federal em Niterói-RJ com estudantes vestibulandos. A partir deste trabalho, buscou-se que os alunos se sentissem estimulados a pensar sobre o processo que vivenciavam, tomando a oficina e o grupo como dispositivos para a promoção de saúde na escola.  O percurso do projeto contribuiu para o entendimento de que o coletivo opera, de fato, transformações no singular, possibilitando a construção de estratégias de enfrentamento e a potencialização desses jovens diante do processo vivenciado.
Feminismo teen e youtubers: feminismo na adolescência em tempos de redes sociais
Authors: Santos Ana Carolina Vila Ramos
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o modo como as motivações, práticas e experiências de adolescentes auto identificadas como feministas são impactadas pelas redes sociais.  A partir da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foram identificadas quais seriam as fontes privilegiadas, na internet (redes sociais, YOUTUBE), de formação feminista das adolescentes e foi investigado de que modo tais redes sociais, por meio de influenciadoras digitais, impactaram o processo de formação feminista das meninas. O trabalho conclui que as redes sociais, articuladas a experiências na escola, na família, na ampliação da rede de afetos (namoro e amizade) e na igreja, tem delineado uma “feminização da cultura”, um longo processo histórico de mudança cultural no qual o respeito ao feminino, à dignidade humana e à diferença são valores centrais.
A adolescência negligenciada: múltiplos olhares
Authors: Ferreira Ana Lúcia , Garcia Joana , Cardoso Marta Rezende
Published: February 2022

Neste artigo a adolescência é apresentada a partir de múltiplas dimensões que a caracterizam, fundamentada por formulações de distintos, porém complementares, campos disciplinares sobre essa experiência de vida. A proteção do adolescente é considerada uma atribuição coletiva, incluindo, além da auto proteção, um amplo conjunto relacional e institucional com seus recursos diferenciados, necessários e desejáveis para o asseguramento da qualidade de vida. Tendo como foco a negligência, em suas diferentes figuras, a adolescência é explorada em sua dimensão relacional,  segundo a perspectiva de três áreas: a medicina, o serviço social e a psicanálise. O artigo é finalizado com um relato de atendimento produzido pelas autoras, inspirado em demandas cotidianas de uma unidade de saúde, envolvendo uma adolescente em situação marcada por formas distintas de negligência, reflexão na qual se evidencia a riqueza de uma análise interdisciplinar acerca das temáticas exploradas.
As crianças e seus mil dias: reflexões entre saúde e educação
Authors: Corsino Patricia , Cunha Antônio Ledo
Published: February 2022

Este artigo se propõe a estabelecer um diálogo entre Saúde e Educação Infantil. Toma como ponto de partida questões que dizem respeito aos primeiros mil dias das crianças. A primeira parte trata da origem dos mil dias, apresenta o olhar da saúde sobre este período, define atenção integral e discute o marco legal da primeira infância que se propõe a articular politicas Intersetoriais.  A segunda parte trata da educação como um direito que abarca outros direitos. Discute a qualidade da oferta da Educação Infantil para o desenvolvimento integral das crianças, a não dissociação entre o cuidar e educar, traz questões para discutir o desenvolvimento das crianças nos primeiros anos de vida e a docência na Educação Infantil. Na terceira parte conclui com indagações para as políticas voltadas para a primeira infância, com ênfase nos primeiros mil dias. Politicas que são essenciais para o pleno desenvolvimento das crianças, para o aprimoramento das sociedades e diminuição de desigualdades. Políticas que devem integrar várias áreas do conhecimento, sendo essencial a integração entre a área da saúde e da educação.
The SIPRI Top 100 Arms-producing Companies, 2008
Authors: Jackson Susan T.
Published: February 2022

The Fact Sheet lists the world’s 100 largest arms-producing companies—the SIPRI Top 100—including arms sales, total sales, total profit and total employment figures.
Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2017
Authors: Tian Nan , Fleurant Aude , Wezeman Pieter D. , Wezeman Siemon T. , Kuimov Alexandra
Published: February 2022

World military expenditure is estimated to have reached $1739 billion in 2017, the highest level since the end of the cold war. After 13 consecutive years of increases from 1999 to 2011 and relatively unchanged spending from 2012 to 2016, total global expenditure rose marginally in 2017, by 1.1 per cent in real terms. This Fact Sheet highlights the regional and national trends in 2017 and over the decade 2008–17 shown by new data from the SIPRI Military Expenditure Database.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. INFOMEDIA NUSANTARA BAGIAN CALL CENTER TELE ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT (TAM) TELKOM BANDUNG
Authors: Sari Dewi Puspita , Megawati Imelda , Heriyanto Imam
Published: February 2022

This research aims to find and analyze the impact of the work environment and work discipline on employee performance. This study uses descriptive analysis and verification analysis with 75 respondents. Besides, this study uses path analysis. The result shows that the work environment is adequate, the result of the work discipline is acceptable, and employee performance is decent. The direct and indirect effect of the work environment on performance is 0,458. The direct and indirect effect of work discipline on performance is 0,303. The entire effect is 0,761. Coefficient determination is 76,1%, and the rest is 24,0% from the other variables that affect employee performance, but they are not analyzed in this study.

 Keywords: work environment, work discipline, employee performance.
Church Competition During the Pandemic: the Case of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church
Authors: Brik Tymofii
Published: February 2022

The collapse of the USSR resulted in religious revivals in all former republics, including Ukraine. Religion provided security and emotional support. It legitimized political elites, while some churches also offered public goods, substituting the state. With time, religion became a crucial component of the national identities. Despite many similarities to other primely Orthodox countries, Ukraine has been unique in its religious landscape. Several Orthodox jurisdictions have competed for the status of the national church, which allowed religious fragmentation in all regions of Ukraine. This paper shows the importance of religious pluralism in Ukraine during the pandemic in 2020 and 2021.
Darwinism & Other Crumbling Theories in Science
Authors: Myridis Nikolaos E
Published: February 2022

In this editorial, I decided to publish a review of mine regarding the scientific book Entropy and Information Optics - Connecting Information and Time, Yu F.T.S. The review is given in the following text. The scope of the book at hand is the mutual presentation of Information and Entropy through the prism of Optics; in other words, the transaction of Info­rmation and Information Processing Systems by the inherent characterizing identity of Entropy and by specific means of information processing, i.e. Optics. It is of course a resampling or re-exposition of scientific knowledge regarding the field of information and entropy, as well as optics. The aforementioned knowledge has already been exposed and written in essays, in excess.
Transcendental Logic-Based Formalism for Semantic Representation of Software Project Requirements Architecture
Authors: Moroz Oleg V. , Pysarchuk Oleksii O. , I. Konrad Tetiana
Published: February 2022

This article is devoted to the analysis of the situation that has arisen in the practice of using artificial intelligence methods for software development. Nowadays there are many disparate approaches, models, and practices based on the use of narrow intelligence for decision-making at different stages of the life cycle of software products, and an almost complete lack of solutions brought to wide practical use. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the main reasons for the lack of the expected effect from the implementation of Agile and suggests a way to solve this problem based on the use of a self-organizing knowledge model. Based on the heuristic usage of transcendental logic in the terms of "ontological predicates", such a model makes it possible to create a formalism of the semantic representation of the requirements architecture of a software project, which could provide semantic interoperability and an executable semantic framework for automated ontology generation from unstructured informal software requirements text. The main benefit of this model is that it is flexible and ensures the accumulation of knowledge without the need to change the initial infrastructure as well as that the ontology inference engine is the part of the mechanism of collective interaction of active elements of knowledge and not some externally programmed system of rules that imitate the process of thinking.
Investor Attention to Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement and Stock Returns
Authors: Ouadghiri Imane El , Gomes Mathieu , Peillex Jonathan , Pijourlet Guillaume
Published: February 2022

This study investigates whether the investor attention to the fossil fuel divestment (III.)) movement is related to the stock returns on firms involved in extracting fossil fuels. Three complementary indicators of investor attention to the FFD movement are considered: (1) the U.S. weekly Google Search Volume Index on the topic “fossil fuel divestment,” (2) the U.S. weekly media coverage of fossil fuel divestment, and (3) the number of weekly visits to the “fossil fuel divestment” page on Wikipedia. Based on a sample of weekly returns on 1,850 U.S. firms over the period 2012-2020, our econometric estimations report a positive relationship between investor attention to FFD and excess stock returns for U.S. fossil fuel-related firms. Therefore, contrary to what the FFD campaigners might expect, the stigmatization of the fossil fuel industry does not drive down the stock returns on fossil fuel-related firms.
Market Power and Long-term Gas Contracts: The Case of Gazprom in Central and Eastern European Gas Markets
Authors: Chyong Chi Kong , Reiner David M , Aggarwal Dhruvak
Published: February 2022

We explore a major European competition decision, the 2012–18 Gazprom case, using a global gas market simulation model. We find that access to LNG markets alone is insufficient to counterbalance Gazprom’s strategic behaviour; central and eastern Europe (CEE) needs to be well interconnected with bidirectional flow capability. ‘Swap deals’ created by the decision facilitate CEE market integration, while limiting Gazprom’s potential market power. Such deals may increase the diversity of contracted gas and number of market players, but do not improve physical supply diversity. In the next five years, swap deals could marginally impact negatively the utilization of strategic assets in CEE, but since Gazprom’s commitments expire by mid-2026, utilization of these strategic assets may fall considerably, especially if Gazprom withholds supplies. As an unintended consequence, CEE markets may disintegrate from the rest of Europe. Avoiding such outcomes will require further gas market reforms, particularly, market design for gas transportation.
The assessment of exposures of preterm newborns with respiratory disorders to selected traumatic factors generated in the process of nursing care: an observational study
Authors: Cepuch Grażyna , Kruszecka-Krówka Agnieszka , Pater Gabriela , Lalik Anna
Published: February 2022

Background
The hospitalization of preterm newborns carries a risk of frequent exposure to traumatizing factors generated by the hospital environment and multi-specialty services.
Aim of study
The assessment of premature newborns with respiratory failure and exposure to traumatic factors such as pain and touch generated during nursing procedures.
Material and methods
The study was conducted on the 1st and 7th days of hospitalization during 2020 of a group of 10 premature newborns with respiratory disorders at the Department of Newborn Pathology of the Clinical Department of Neonatology at the University Hospital in Krakow (Poland). The research method was based on the 24-hour observation of newborns for exposures to factors generating pain and traumatic touch. The research tools included scales for assessing pain expression — Neonatal/Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), CRIES, and an original questionnaire.
Results
On the first day of hospitalization, the study group was subjected to 541 nursing procedures exposing the newborns to touch and generating pain. On the 7th day of hospitalization, the number of the procedures was 388. The average intensity level of procedural pain on the 1st day of hospitalization was 4.1 points (NIPS) and 2.5 points (CRIES), while the 7th day of hospitalization was 4.0 points and 1.8 points, respectively. The highest average pain intensity was generated by venous blood sampling for diagnostic tests and peripheral vessel cannulation.
Conclusions
Preterm newborns with respiratory failure are exposed to a significant number of procedures and actions considered traumatic. Therefore, it is reasonable to use more than one pain assessment scale for more objective results.
Commemoration / Memorial Days
Authors: Yordanova Mihaila
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016.
Disappearances
Authors: Guth Stephan
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016.
Honourable Citizen
Authors: Awad Sara
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016
Kamīn
Authors: N. N.
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016.
Language
Authors: Achour Kallel Myriam , Guellouz Mariem , Håland Eva Marie , Guth Stephan
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016.

This entry merges earlier country-specific versions, published as “ʿĀmmiyya” (Egypt), by Eva Marie Håland, and “Dérja” (Tunisia), by Myriam Achour Kallel and Mariem Guellouz, in JAIS 17 (2017): 463-65 and JAIS 17 (2017): 482-83, respectively.
Agradecimento aos Revisores da RBMFC em 2021
Authors: Schilling Claunara , Chueiri Patrícia Sampaio , Sarti Thiago Dias
Published: February 2022

A Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade (RBMFC) agradece aos Avaliadores listados abaixo que atuaram como revisores ad hoc durante o ano de 2021, dedicando horas voluntariamente para a emissão de pareceres técnicos sobre manuscritos submetidos a esta revista.
Chikungunya Virus Transmission
Authors: Lyaruu Lucille
Published: February 2022

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borneAlphavirus that causes Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) in humans. In 1952, the CHIKV was found in East Africa in a sylvatic and urban cycle between Aedes mosquitoes, and human and nonhuman primates in tropical regions. Since 2004, CHIKF has spread rapidly in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are known to be arboviral mosquito vectors of CHIKV. Ae. aegypti is mostly found within the tropics, whereby Ae. albopictus also occurs in temperate and cold temperate regions. Host-seeking female mosquitoes are infected after feeding on a viremic animal. The replication of CHIKV happens in the midgut and then enters the hemocoel before disseminating to the salivary glands of the mosquito. The disseminated virus can be transmitted by injecting infectious saliva into the host skin during blood feeding. In the naïve host body, CHIKV replicates in the dermal fibroblasts through blood circulation, and disseminates to other parts of the body such as brain cells, kidney, heart, lymphoid tissues, liver, and joints. Symptoms of CHIKV infection include high fever, rigors, headache, photophobia, and maculopapular rash. It is advised to avoid mosquito bites; also, larvae management systems should be applied in endemic environments.
Enzymatic Processing of Pigeon Pea Seed Increased Their Techno-Functional Properties
Authors: Muhammad Bello Zainab , Muhammad Sanusi , Aliyu Aliero Adamu , Aliyu Dabai Ibrahim
Published: February 2022

Neglected and underutilized crops (NUS) are those crops that are entirely ignored or little attention is paid to them by agriculture researchers, plant breeders and policy-makers. There has been renewed interest in NUS as many of these varieties and species, along with a wealth of traditional knowledge are being lost at an alarming rate. This chapter provides an overview of underutilized legumes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There is a recognized need to explore the diversity of indigenous micro symbionts associated with underutilized legumes. The biochemical mechanism in legumes remains elusive to date as evidence is mounting for allelopathic inhibition of nitrifying microorganisms by root exudation of phenolic compounds. A cross-sectional study was undertaken to explore the potential relationship between enzymatic processes of certain legumes and high tolerance to drought stresses, high biomass productivity, erosion control and dune stabilization and general soil health. Pigeon pea among other legumes have a huge untapped potential for improvement of both in quantity and quality of production in Africa.