bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of surgical treatment in patients with stenotic colorectal carcinoma complicated by tumor perforation, diastatic colonic rupture, and abdominal sepsis
Authors: Aliev S A , Aliyev S A
Published: December 2023

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment in 46 patients aged 24 to 85 years with stenotic colorectal carcinoma (CRC) complicated by colonic obstruction and perforation and peritonitis. All the patients had decompensated obstruction, the clinical picture of which manifested with colonic perforation both in the area of tumor involvement in 33 (71.7%) patients and above the site of obstruction in 13 (28.3%). The clinical and laboratory criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome and abdominal sepsis were found in 37 (80.4%) of the 46 patients. The author attempted to provide evidence whether the intestinal form of abdominal sepsis should be identified in patients with CRC complicated by colonic obstruction and perforation on the basis of whether the patients had symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The choice of a surgical method was differentially determined by to the site of the tumor, the specific features of malignant growth, the type of colonic perforation, the extent of peritonitis, and the patients' medical condition and age. Forty-four of the 46 patients were operated on. Radical surgery was performed in 34 patients (38.2% death) and palliative surgery was made in 10 (80% death). Postoperative mortality was 47.7%. Two unoperated patients died. Overall mortality was 50%. The mortality rates for perforated colonic tumors and diastatic perforations were 41.9 and 61.5%, respectively. Comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment for concomitant complications of CRC showed the efficiency of primary radical operations irrespective of cancer localization, type of perforation, and patient age. The obstructed modes of radical operations are considered to be the method of choice for the surgical treatment of left colonic involvement. In the past 10 years, the applied surgical tactic allowed the author to make postoperative and overall mortality rates stable in the above group patients at levels of 47.2-47.7 and 50%, respectively.
Intermittiruyushchaya gormonal'naya terapiya pri rake predstatel'noy zhelezy s posledovatel'nym naznacheniem lyuteiniziruyushchego gormona-rilizing-gormona i antiandrogenov
Authors: Rusakov I G , Sokov D G
Published: December 2023

The authors analyze the results of palliative treatment in 51 patients with prostate cancer (PC) who received various regimens of hormone therapy. The follow-up time was 15.5 months.
A control group consisted of 25 patients with generalized (n = 14) and locally advanced (n = 11) PC. Of them, 14 patients took luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in a continuous regimen and 11 patients underwent bilateral orchiectomy after sensitivity evaluation via presumptive therapy with LHRH agonists within 2 months. In a study group, 14 patients received a LHRH agonist (zoladex) as a subcutaneous injection at a 28-day interval for 3 months. Then the therapy was discontinued and the oncomarker was monitored every month. The therapy was individually resumed if there was a considerable rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or there were clinical symptoms.
Twelve patients had monotherapy with bicalutamide (casodex) 150 mg after an initial course of LHRH agonists (3 months). When the minimal PSA level was achieved, the drug was discontinued. When the PSA level was increased by more than 4 ng/ml, bicalutamide was given in a dose of 150 mg.
The study has demonstrated that intermittent hormone therapy considerably and significantly improves the quality of life in patients with PC versus those with continuous androgenic deprivation (a control group).
Her-2/neu oncogene in gastric cancer: a clinical and laboratory study
Authors: Skoropad V Yu , Gorban' N A , Mikhaylova G F , Sevan'kaev A V , Khudyakova T A , Tsepenko V V , Berdov B A , Skoropad V Yu , Gorban N A , Mikhailova G F , Sevankayev A V , Khudyakova T A , Tsepenko V V , Berdov B A
Published: December 2023

The study was based on the examination of tumors in 31 patients radically operated on for locally advanced gastric cancer at the Medical Radiology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in 2000-2007. The pilot study indicated rather high rates of Her-2/neu hyperexpression and amplification. It was shown that immunohistochemical and FISH assays used in breast cancer might be successfully used in gastric cancer. Analysis demonstrated that Her-2/neu hyperexpression/amplification in patients with gastric cancer was an important factor of poor prognosis. The authors suggested for the first time that Her-2/neu might be considered as one of the determinants of the mechanisms of metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.
Effektivnost' i perenosimost' kombinatsiy aranozy s tsisplatinom i topotekanom v eksperimente
Authors: Pokrovskiy V S , Lesnaya N A , Romanenko V I , Treshchalina E M
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of a trial of aranosa (Ar) combinations with topotecan (T) and cisplatin (P) (TP, TAr, PAr, TPAr) used against Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). A triple consecutive administration scheme in doses of 0.-5.0 mg/kg (T), 2.5-3.0 mg/kg (P), and 100-200 mg/kg (Ar) was used. Synergism was shown by the combinations TAr, PAr, and TPAr with their satisfactory tolerance. The combinations TAr and TPAr versus T monotherapy are the standard of second-line therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer and the combination TP significantly more effective and comparable in hematological toxicity.
Antiangiogenic therapy for glioblastoma multiforme: Possibilities and promises
Authors: Borisov K E , Sakaeva D D , Borisov K E , Sakayeva D D
Published: December 2023

The review provides information on the role of antiangiogenic therapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Bevacizumab in combination with irinotecan allows tumor growth to be controlled in the majority of patients. Thalidomide may be an alternative to bevacizumab although its efficacy requires further investigations and confirmation. The activity of tyrosine kinase VEGRF inhibitors in monotherapy for glioblastoma is minimal; in this connection their combinations with standard chemoradiotherapy is being studied. Certain hopes are pinned on the new group of drugs - integrin receptor inhibitors.
Use of a combination of docetaxel (Tautax and Taxotere) and etoposide plus prednisolone versus docetaxel monotherapy in the treatment of patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Gritskevich A A , Medvedev V L , Rusakov I G , Bystrov S V , Gritskevich A A , Medvedev V L , Rusakov I G , Bystrov S V
Published: December 2023

The efficacy and safety of a combination of docetaxel and etoposide plus prednisolone versus docetaxel monotherapy were studied in patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer.
The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 24 patients received docetaxel 75 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks + prednisolone 10 mg/day; 2) 21 patients used docetaxel 75 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks + prednisolone 10 mg/day + intravenous etoposide 100 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5. The patients' age ranged from 45 to 81 years (mean age 64.9 years). The study has shown that docetaxel monotherapy has benefits in terms of treatment response duration, overall survival, and satisfactory therapy tolerability.
Use of a TRAM-flap in patients with breast cancer during reconstructive surgery
Authors: Pak D D , Rasskazova E A , Troshenkov E A , Pak D D , Passkazova E A , Troshenkov E A
Published: December 2023

The authors give their experience in treating 62 patients with breast cancer undergoing organ-saving operations and radical mastectomies with one-stage TRAM-flap reconstruction. They describe secondary plastic surgeries and anterior chest wall defect closure by means of a TRAM flap after extensive radical mastectomies.
Indications for TRAM flap use are defined and complications analyzed.
Neuropathic pain syndrome in oncological care: Diagnosis and new approaches to its therapy
Authors: Abuzarova G R , Abuzarova G R
Published: December 2023

The paper describes noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of neuropathic pain, main approaches to differential therapy for pain, the current principles of therapy, developed by the European Federation of Neurologists and their use in cancer patients, and presents the author's material obtained in the trial of the efficacy and safety of last-generation anticonvulsants.
Bisfosfonaty - novye grani aktivnosti
Authors: Bolotina L V
Published: December 2023

The paper shows that bisphosphonates are now an integral part in the complex treatment of bone metastases. Their use reduces a risk for development of fractures, including those with spinal cord compression and hypercalcemia. The additional property of bisphosphonates is their ability to prevent bone mineral density loss during hormonal therapy with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors. There has been more and more information on the antitumor activity of bisphosphonates, as demonstrated by the ABCSG-12 study of zoledronate used in 1800 patients with early breast cancer. This property of bisphosphonate is also confirmed by the AZURE study in which addition of bisphosphonates to the standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy could increase the frequency of beneficial effects. Addition of bisphosphonates to chemotherapy or hormonal therapy improves the results of treatment and quality of life in cancer patients.
Osobennosti zabolevaemosti zlokachestvennymi novoobrazovaniyami organov pishchevareniya v respublike Uzbekistan
Authors: Assesorova Yu Yu
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of an analysis of digestive malignancy morbidity rates in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2003-2007. The morbidity rates in different years of the observed period were 20.8 to 23.2 per 100,000 population. The first three major digestive cancers included those of the stomach (6.6-6.9 per 100,000), esophagus (3.9-5.3 per 100,000), and the liver (3.2-3.4 per 100,000). The morbidity from digestive malignancies by their sites is given in different regions of Uzbekistan
Endokrinnye opukholi zheludka
Authors: Belous T A
Published: December 2023

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in endocrine tumors (ET) of the gastrointestinal tract is due to a rise in their morbidity rates and to the disputable and unsolved aspects of their terminology, clinical and morphological classification, and prognostic factors, which largely hampers the development of common approaches to evaluating these neoplasms and that of reasonable variants of their treatment. There is a need for further studies of the morphogenesis and clinical morphology of ET of the gastrointestinal tract, by applying the currently morphological and genetic methods.
Modernization of pathology laboratories in the context of the risk control theory
Authors: Mal'kov P G , Malkov P G
Published: December 2023

The paper gives theoretical considerations and practical materials concerning the concept of technical reequipment and technological modernization of pathomorphological service, which may be useful for health specialists and administrators when they take decisions to improve the activity of pathology laboratories.
Shvannomy pishchevoda
Authors: Davydov M I , Turkin I N , Bliznyukov O P , Levitskiy A V , Davydov M M , Chekini A K
Published: December 2023

The paper describes grade 1 malignant esophageal schwannoma atypically located at the level of the upper thoracic aperture in a 20-year-old female patient. The tumor was excised via a left-sided cervical approach after esophagotomy. The diagnosis was immunohistochemically and electron microscopically verified. The follow-up was 3 years. There were no signs of recurrence. The patient has been satisfactorily discharged home and is being followed up.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy using taxanes in the combination treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Miller S V , Tuzikov S A , Gol'dberg V E , Zav'yalov A A , Polishchuk T V , Dobrodeev A Yu , Yumov E L , Lobykin A F , Miller S V , Tuzikov S A , Goldberg V E , Zavyalov A A , Polishchuk T V , Dobrodeyev A Yu , Yumov E L , Lobykin A F
Published: December 2023

The results of combination treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy using paclitaxel/carboplatin and docetaxel/cisplatin regimens, radical surgery, and 15-Gy intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) were studied in 105 patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a high immediate response rate (40.2 ± 5.7%). Chemotherapy response is directly correlated with tumor tissue involvement confirmed by histological examination. Preoperative systemic anti-tumor therapy showed a statistically significant increase in relapse-free and overall survivals in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Organ-sparing surgery for breast cancer
Authors: Pak D D , Rasskazova E A , Pak D D , Rasskazova E A
Published: December 2023

The paper describes the experience in treating 389 breast cancer patients undergoing organ-sparing operations with and without plastic surgery. Both the patients' tissues and their combination with a silicone endoprosthesis were used for repair. The specific features of a recurrence were analyzed after organ-sparing surgery depending on the stage, treatment method (surgical or combination) and histogenesis of a tumor.
Kolebanie urovnya serologicheskogo opukholeassotsiirovannogo markera SCC u bol'noy ploskokletochnym rakom sheyki matki v dlitel'noy remissii
Authors: Sergeeva N S , Novikova E G , Marshutina N V
Published: December 2023

The paper describes a follow-up of a patient with cancer of the cervix uteri (CCU) in remission. The serum level of SCC (the major tumor-associated marker of CCU) was determined 22 times in the patient. There were cases of lower and higher SCC levels, without achieving the upper normal range for this marker. At the same times, 2 successive measures showed increased SCC levels that were not confirmed by the development of a relapse of the underlying disease and the level of SCC was decreased. With the increased levels of SCC that do not exceed its upper normal range, analysis should be twice made at a 3-4-week interval. The assumption that there is a high probability of developing a recurrence is substantiated in cases of 3 successive SCC increases provided that the last value of the marker exceeds the upper normal range.
A case of disseminated sigmoid cancer during combination treatment
Authors: Bolotina L V , Kornietskaya A L , Bolotina L V , Kornietskaya A L
Published: December 2023

The paper describes a case of disseminated sigmoid cancer with metastatic involvement of the lung, liver, and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The patient received courses of chemotherapy with target drugs, which could achieve a complete resorption of metastatic foci in the lung, substantially reduce their sizes in the liver and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and perform a cytoreducing operation. The patient has survived for 49 months.
Sovremennye vozmozhnosti endobronkhial'noy khirurgii i fotodinamicheskoy terapii pri zlokachestvennykh opukholyakh trakhei i bronkhov
Authors: Sokolov V V , Telegina L V
Published: December 2023

The paper details worldwide clinical experience with intraluminal endobronchial surgery over the 19th-20th centuries, the original objective of which was to deliver palliative care to incurable patients and at present it has ensured not only the timely detection of early forms of respiratory malignancies, but also their early stage treatment. The state-of-the-art of the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of disseminated tracheal and bronchial tumors and early central lung cancer (ECLC).
A complex of diagnostic studies has been studied in detail to detect ECLC, which presently includes fluorescence bronchoscopy, NBI bronchoscopy, endosonography, spiral computed tomography.
Prevention of complications of radical mastectomy for breast cancer
Authors: Pak D D , Ermoshchenkova M V , Pak D D , Ermoshchenkova M V
Published: December 2023

The paper analyzes the immediate and early results of surgical treatment in 266 patients with breast cancer. To prevent postoperative complications, new intraoperative methods were used. These include air plasma currents; plasty of the axillary region with a flap from the broadest spinal muscle; lymph vessel ligation in the axillary-subclavian-subscapular region, by using microsurgical magnifiers; plasty of the axillary-subclavian-subcapular region with a composition of anterior pectoral muscles. The application of the new methods reduces postoperative lymphorrhea from 43.8 to 98.5%; a drain-free procedure of radical mastectomy accelerates and improves rehabilitation in patients with breast cancer and contributes to reductions in postoperative bed-days and in the financial cost of health care facilities.
Primary hyperparathyroidism in oncological care
Authors: Novozhilova E N , Shchupak M Yu , Glavatskiy S V , Zhukov A G , Novozhilova E N , Shchupak M Yu , Glavatsky S V , Zhukov A G
Published: December 2023

Until the 1980s, primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) was considered to be a rare disease. The ideas on its prevalence substantially changed after introduction of blood calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) tests into clinical practice.
The patients admitted to cancer hospitals for the manifestations of HPT and osteodystrophy form a separate group. The paper describes problems in the differential diagnosis of parathyroid osteodystrophy with skeletal metastatic involvement and the tactic errors occurring in the treatment of this group of patients. Ultrasound study, hypercalcemia, and elevated PTH levels are shown to be of importance.
Hormone replacement therapy and a risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal women: analysis of some epidemiological studies
Authors: Konovalova V N , Smetnik V P , Konovalova V N , Smetnik V P
Published: December 2023

The paper provides an epidemiological update on a risk for breast cancer during menopausal hormone replacement therapy. It gives the results of large observational and randomized clinical trials, as well as the point of view of the International Menopause Society in the context of evidence-based medicine.
Abnormal methylation of the CDH1, RASSF1A, MLH1, N33, and DAPK genes in the tumor and morphologically intact (nontumor) gastric epithelium
Authors: Nemtsova M V , Babayan A V , Bykov I I , Mayorova M V , Khorobrykh T V , Chernousov A F , Zaletaev D V , Nemtsova M V , Babayan A V , Bykov I I , Maiorova M V , Khorobrykh T V , Chernousov A F , Zaletayev D V
Published: December 2023

Abnormal methylation of the CDH1, RASSF1A, MLH1, N33, and DAPK genes was studied in the intraoperative specimens of gastric carcinomas and adjacent nontumor tissues from 47 patients with gastric cancer. For comparison, methylation of these genes was examined in 25 specimens of the nontumor gastric mucosa obtained by endoscopic biopsy from patients with esophageal cancer or burn. A surgical material comprising 3-5 tissue samples from each patient was obtained by a definitive procedure.
The N33 and CDH1 genes were methylated in the tumor significantly more frequently than were the RASSF1A and MLH1 genes (p < 0.01). Abnormal methylation of the N33, CDH1, and DAPK genes were more often detectable in all gastric tissue segments (1, 2, 3, 4), including morphologically intact tissue with the upper and lower resection margins. The RASSF1A and MLH1 genes had low methylation rates (19 and 17%, respectively). Their methylation was found mainly in the tumor samples (2, 2e) and was not in the samples obtained from the resection margin.
Preclinical study of binary catalytic systems as radio/chemomodifiers
Authors: Bezborodova O A , Nemtsova E R , Venediktova Yu B , Andreeva T N , Yakubovskaya R I , Pankratov A A , Chissov V I , Bezborodova O A , Nemtsova E R , Venediktova Yu B , Andreyeva T N , Yakubovskaya R I , Pankratov A A , Chissov V I
Published: December 2023

The investigators conducted a preclinical study of the antitumor efficacy of the combined use of an Oxycobalamin-lio (Ox-lio) + Efiter acid-based binary catalytic system (BCS) with radiation and chemoradiation therapy. The incorporation of the BCS Ox-lio + ascorbic acid (Aa), which was used as independent antitumor agents, into a chemoradiation therapy regimen, was shown to lead to biologically important tumor growth suppression throughout the observation and to promote the potentiated therapeutic effect of radiation/chemotherapy. The therapeutic effectiveness of the Ox-lio + Aa BCS used as a modifier is higher than the Efiter + Ac BCS, which seems to be due to its detoxifying activity. The findings suggest the expediency of a clinical trial of the Ox-lio + Ac BCS as a modifier of medical treatments in patients with malignancies.
Klassifikatsii protokovogo raka in situ molochnoy zhelezy
Authors: Efremov G D , Frank G A
Published: December 2023

The paper provides the morphological characteristics and analyzes the basic criteria used for the classification of in situ ductal cancer. Today's classification schemes and the diagnostic significance of their used morphological characteristics are compared. Differentially diagnostic criteria for different types of in situ intraductal carcinoma are given.
Lung cancer in the presence of post-tuberculosis changes
Authors: Sadovnikov A A , Panchenko K I , Sadovnikov A A , Panchenko K I
Published: December 2023

The concurrence of different forms of tuberculosis and cancer of the lung was analyzed in 252 patients. Among them, the development of cancer was more commonly observed in 139 patients with residual post-tuberculosis changes. Forty-one patients were operated on. Histological investigations of intraoperative specimens from the lung and removed lymph nodes also ascertained residual post-tuberculosis changes. These are biologically active and conceivably affect the occurrence of cancerous tumors in the lung.
Experience in diagnosing MALT lymphoma of the stomach
Authors: Navruzov S N , Yusupova N B , Loktionova E A , Bakhtiyarova F A , Nishanov D A , Navruzov S N , Yusupova N B , Loktionova E A , Bakhtiyarova F A , Nishanov D A
Published: December 2023

The authors consider current approaches to diagnosing MALT lymphoma of the stomach. Seventy-six patients diagnosed as having MALT lymphoma of the stomach, including 38 with low-grade malignancy, 22 with signs of blast transformation, and 16 with high-grade malignancy, have been examined. Procedures for endoscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical studies used to detect MALT lymphoma of the stomach are described.
Cancer masks of abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Aryamkina Ol'ga Leonidovna , Savonenkova L N , Aryamkina O L , Savonenkova L N
Published: December 2023

The clinical picture of abdominal tuberculosis that manifests as cancer masks was studied. Forty of 136 patients were examined. Abdominal tuberculosis was multiorgan in all the examinees and concurrent with pulmonary tuberculosis in 35% of cases. The symptoms of abdominal tuberculosis mimicked primary and metastatic tumor processes in the abdominal organs and less frequently blood cancers.
Despite the similarity of the clinical manifestations of cancers and tuberculosis, in favor of abdominal tuberculosis are signs, such as prior family contacts with patients with tuberculosis (12.5%), tuberculosis-infected and prior tuberculosis (40%), infectious fever, lymphopenia in the presence of inflammation markers, the presence of calcifications in the liver, spleen (17.5%) and intraabdominal lymph nodes (25%) and a fourth of cases showed a hyperergic response to the Mantoux test with tuberculin 2 TU.
Isolated resection of the right main bronchus with the formation of polybronchial anastomosis in typical central carcinoid
Authors: Pikin O V , Kolbanov K I , Rudakov R V , Pikin O V , Kolbanov K I , Rudakov R V
Published: December 2023

The paper considers the state-of-the-art of the problem of lung carcinoids. Particular emphasis is laid on the treatment of patients with typical carcinoid tumors. Most patients undergo organ-saving bronchoplastic procedures, including isolated bronchial resection with interbronchial anastomosis and preservation of the whole lung parenchyma. The paper describes a case of the rare operation to make polybronchial anastomosis.
Ten-year follow-up of a patient with laryngopharyngeal cancer after combination treatment with intraoperative radiotherapy and pharyngoplasty with a gastroepiploic flap
Authors: Reshetov I V , Chissov V I , Kravtsov S A , Trofimov E I , Boyko A V , Chernichenko A V , Frank G A , Matorin O V , Kudryavtsev S B , Reshetov I V , Chissov V I , Kravtsov S A , Trofimov E I , Boiko A V , Chernichenko A V , Frank G A , Matorin O V , Kudryavtsev S B
Published: December 2023

The described clinical case demonstrates that extended radical surgery, radiotherapy, and orthotopic repair of the laryngopharynx with the cervical esophagus could be successfully combined in one step. Microsurgical autotransplantation of a visceral flap contributed to a smooth postoperative course and a reduction in the time of adequate rehabilitation with recovery of good nutrition and social adaptation in the patient. The ten-year relapse-free follow-up suggests that it is adequate to determine treatment volume and policy in the patient.
Chyloperitoneum concurrent with chylothorax
Authors: Chkhikvadze V D , Goncharov S V , Trotsenko I D , Manvelidze A G , Marchenko I P , Chkhikvadze V D , Goncharov S V , Trotsenko I D , Manvelidze A G , Marchenko I P
Published: December 2023

The paper describes a rare case of massive chyloperitoneum concurrent with chylothorax in a female patient with kidney cancer developing 4 years after multimodality treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy). The data available in the literature on chyloperitoneum are analyzed in detail. The etiology of this condition and current approaches to its treatment are described. A treatment algorithm is given in detail to treat patients with the similar clinical situation.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUSLY FRACTIONATED CHEMORADIATION AND RADIATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER OF THE ORAL AND OROPHARYNGEAL MUCOSA BY THE EFFECTIVENESS-TOXICITY CRITERION
Authors: Radzhapova M. U. , Gulidov I. A. , Mardynsky Yu. S. , Semin D. Yu. , Medvedev V. S. , Ivanova I. N.
Published: December 2023

Two hundred and thirty-three patients with primary cancer of the oral and otopharyngeal mucosa received chemoradiotherapy with unequal divisions of a daily dose and standard radiotherapy. After chemoradiotherapy with division of the dose of into 1 + 1.5 Gy and fractionation into 1 + 2 Gy, the rate of objective responses (a sum of complete and partial regressions) was significantly higher than that following standard radiotherapy (97.8, 100, and 61.9%, respectively). During chemoradiation therapy in the 1 + 1.5 Gy and 1 + 2 Gy regimen, the incidence of Grade 3 mucositis was 40.5 and 77.8% (p < 0.05) versus 52.7% of those receiving the standard radiotherapy. Late radiation damage to normal tissues and organs in a radiation area were observed in 8.9, 10.8, and 20.2% of cases, respectively (p > 0.05). In terms of the early toxic effect - mucosal radiation reactions, variously fractionated chemotherapy is fairly tolerated by patients and, after it, there is no increase in late local toxicity as compared to the standard radiotherapy.
Pathogenesis of radiation damages to the heart
Authors: Ivolgin E M , Zubova N D , Pasov V V , Ivolgin E M , Zubova N D , Pasov V V
Published: December 2023

The paper considers the etiology and key pathogenetic components of radiation damages to mediastinal organs in breast or lung cancer, lymphogranulomatosis, as well as their magnitude during radiation in different doses and in different periods after radiation.
It discusses the leading role of radiation-induced microcirculatory disorders resulting in myocardial fibrosis, exhaustion and perversion of the endothelial compensatory dilatatory capacity that is an obligatory component of the pathogenesis of virtually all cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and chronic heart failure.
Methodological aspects of chest ultrasound study in lung tumor pathology
Authors: Kazakevich V I , Safonov D V , Kazakevich V I , Safonov D V
Published: December 2023

Based on the experience in examining more than 2000 patients, the authors show the capacities of chest ultrasound study (USS) for space-occupying lesions. They describe a lung USS procedure and a normal chest echographic pattern. The procedure permits imaging of the minimum amount of fluid in the pleural space, pleural tumor nodules, and afflicted mediastinal lymph nodes located above the aortic arch. USS enables one to diagnose intergrowth of a peripheral lung tumor in the chest (93.7% sensitivity), to identify the involvement of the pericardium, heart, and large vessels in the process (94-100% sensitivity), and to detect decay cavities in atelectasis and in the tumor. During follow-up, the technique allows an intrathoracic locoregional recurrence to be found in patients who have undergone surgery. It is particularly effective in patients who have undergone pneumonectomy (94.2% sensitivity).
EXTENDED AND COMBINED OPERATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED THYROID CANCER
Authors: Khvostovoy V. V. , Sychev M. D. , Kiselev I. L. , Romanishchev V. E. , Minakov A. A.
Published: December 2023

The paper comiders surgical treatmenі as extended, combined, and repeated surgical interventions for locally advanced thyroid cancer (TC). Differed studies have failed to give certain amwers to the questions about indications for, surgical techniques, immediate and late results of such operations for locally advanced cancer. The results of treatmeпі were analyzed іn 770 patients with TC treated at the Kursk Regional Oncology Dispemary іn 1997-2008. Locally advanced carcinomas were found in 157 (20.38%) patients. The surgical method that is commonly difficult-to-use was shown to prolong life and improve its quality.
ORAL FUNGAL MICROFLORA IN PATIENTS WITH SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK DURING CHEMORADIOTHERAPY
Authors: Egorova L. I. , Maslennikova A. V.
Published: December 2023

The oral fungal microflora was studied in 67 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and in people without cancer. In the patients with oropharyngeal tumors, Candida was shown to be encountered on the oral mucosa more frequently and in greater quantities than in the persons without cancer. Chemoradiotherapy causes a statistically significant increase in the Candida colonization index and changes in the qualitative composition of the oral fungal microflora. The coadministration of Candida solution and immunal can normalize the microbial landscape.
USE OF A MESH IMPLANT IN COMBINATION WITH A SILICONE ENDOPROSTHESIS DURING ONE-STAGE BREAST RECONSTRUCTION AFTER SUBCUTANEOUS MASTECTOMY
Authors: Pak D. D. , Troshenkov E. A. , Petrovsky D. A.
Published: December 2023

The paper describes experience with 35 primary reconstructive operations using mesh implants and silicone endoprostheses in patients with breast cancer after subcutaneous mastectomy. The authors propose an original option for forming a combined pocket for the silicone endoprosthesis consisting of the pectoralis major and a composite mesh - a mesh implant. The pocket volume allows one to place an endoprosthesis up to 335 cm 3, which is sufficient to repair small-to-medium-sized breasts. The proposed procedure ensures good cosmetic and functional results.
SERUM LEVELS OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF-A) AND ITS SOLUBLE RECEPTORS STNF-R1 AND STNF-R2 IN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Chissov V. I. , Sergeyeva N. S. , Marshutina N. V. , Filonenko E. V. , Solokhina M. P. , Zenkina E. V. , N. A. Parilova P. A.
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of investigating the balance of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and its soluble receptors in the sera of patients with different kinds of solid tumors. As compared with donors, the patients showed a shift in the serum level distribution of TNF-а and its soluble receptors sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 towards higher values. This shift was most pronounced in patients with gastric or colorectal cancer and least in those with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Lung cancer and melanoma were intermediate. In the cancer patients, the correlation was found to remain between the serum levels of TNF-α and its receptors, which was similar to that in the donors. However, a number of patients (with all tumor sites in question) were observed to have an imbalance between the serum levels of TNF-α and sTNF-R1 due to a greater proportion of cases with both a low and high sTNF-RUTNF-α ratio.
TSPO EXPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Zukov R. A. , Polyakova O. K. , Ruksha T. G. , Dykhno Yu. A. , Maksimova T. V.
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of an investigation of the expression of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (TsPO) in patients with renal cell carcinoma in relation to gender, age, disease stage, histological type, and comorbid diseases. In the patients with renal cell carcinoma, the level of TsPO was found to be related to the disease stage, histological type, and the presence of synchronous cancer at other sites. The findings may suggest that TsPO can be used as a marker in predicting the efficiency of treatment and the course of disease.
ANALYSIS OF QUALITY-OF-LIFE INDICATORS AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR PULMONARY METASTASES FROM COLORECTAL CANCER
Authors: Kaganov O. I. , Kozlov S. V.
Published: December 2023

Quality of life (QL) was studied in 48 patients who had undergone radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFTA) for pulmonary metastases; a control group consisted of 55 patients with atypical lung resection. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General module (FACT-G) with the FACT-Lung (FACT-L) one was used to assess QL. Prior to surgery, QL in both groups was shown to be lower and in the study group it was 54.3±98.08 scores on the FACT-G scale and 67.0±8.55 scores on the FACT-L scale and in the control group QL was 53.22±7.17 and 66.29±7.93 scores, respectively (p < 0.05). By and large, QL indicators tended to be better within one year postoperatively. Three and six months after surgery, all indicators improved statistically and clinically significantly in the study group as compared to the control one. At 3 to 6 months, the study and control groups were recorded to have the highest (11% and 9%) increases in QL, respectively.
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF MUC1 MUCIN IN THE CERVICAL EPITHELIUM
Authors: Karmakova T. A. , Yakubovskaya R. I. , Trushina O. I. , Novikova E. G. , Volchenko N. N. , Melnikova V. Yu. , Vorontsova M. S. , Balakhontseva O. S.
Published: December 2023

Immunocytochemical (ICC) staining using the monoclonal antibody ICO25 was performed to examine MUC1 mucin expression in the cervical smears obtained from healthy women (34), patients having benign cervical disease (n = 22), low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1, n = 3), high-grade CIN (CIN2-3, n = 32), early squamous cervical cancer (SCC, n = 12), and from those after organ-saving treatment (n = 66). In CIN2-3 and SCC, atypical squamous epithelial cells were shown to be detectable by ICO24 ICC staining in the vast majority (95%) of cases. Negative staining of dyskaryotic naked nuclei was observed in 2 cases. Staining heterogeneity was noted in SCC. ICC staining allowed efficient detection of MUC1-positive dyskaryotic cells in the smears with a pronounced inflammatory background and a high blood cell count. There was a correlation between the detection of basal and parabasal cells having a depolarized MUC1 expression pattern onto the surface membrane and the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus. ICO25 staining can be a promising way to enhance the sensitivity of cytological diagnosis of cervical neoplasias and to assess the risk and progression of pathological cervical epithelial changes.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT REGIMEN OF PLATINUM-BASED CHEMOTHERAPY IN TREATMENT OF ADVANCED SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (experience of chemotherapy department N.N.Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center RAMS)
Authors: Bagrova S. G , Bychkov M. B , Gorbunova V. A , Kuzminov A. E , Naskhletashvili D. R
Published: December 2023

The article reviews the experience of chemotherapy department N.N.Blokhin Russian Cancer Recearch Center RAMS from 1996 to 2012 in the treatment of SCLC patients with combinations of cytotoxic drugs cisplatin and carboplatin. The efficiency of different schemes on the basis of platinum with etoposide, irinotecan, docetaxel, ACNU (EP, IP, DP, AVP)has been studied. The data on the mode of treatment, side effects, and survival after these treatment schemes. Maximum efficiency was shown by EP, IP, AVP schemes.
Modern treatment in patients of malignant plevral effusions resistent sistem therapy
Authors: Bychkov M. B , Titov K. S , Gorbunova V. A , Filonenko D. V , Demidov L. V , Kiselevskiy M. V , Trechalina E. M
Published: December 2023

The clinical efficacy and tolerability of intrapleural sclerotherapy using a binary catalyst system "teraftal + ascorbic acid" and intrapleural immunotherapy with allogeneic LAK cells and low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (roncoleukin) in patients with tumor (metastatic) pleurisy at various chemoresistant malignancies was studied. The results showed that this treatment is highly effective (objective response when sclerotherapy was 82%), and immunotherapy (IL-2/ LAK - 92.4% and IL-2 - 80%), relatively rarely give recurrences and satisfactorily tolerated patients .
DEVELOPMENT OF INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF L-LYSINE-ALPHA-OXIDASE FROM TRICHODERMA CF. AUREOVIRIDE RIFAI BKMF-4268 REGIME CONTROLLED BY SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF TREATMENT
Authors: Pokrovsky V. S , Treshalina E. M , Lukasheva E. V , Sedakova L. A
Published: December 2023

Various doses and modes of intravenous L-lysine-alpha-oxidase application on tumor models in mice under the control of efficacy and tolerability have been studied. Optimal choice scheme provides introduction of the first relatively high starting dose and subsequent maintenance doses comprising А or % of the first ("discrete" mode). The efficiency and an acceptable tolerability has been shown during "discrete" 5-fold treatment course with intravenous cumulative doses of 450-550 U/kg. By treating L-lysine-alpha-oxidase in the "discrete" mode following tumor-bearing mice have been sensitive: breast adenocarcinoma Sa755, B16 melanoma, adenocarcinoma of the colon AKATOL, cervical cancer, cervical 5, epidermoid carcinoma and Lewis lung plasmacytoma CI-406 (TROmax = 57-92%).
A CASE OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR COMPLICATED NEUROFIBROMA OF THE NECK
Authors: Parshin V. D. , Aganesov A. G. , Bazarov D. V. , Kheilo A. L. , Brindar N. G.
Published: December 2023

This case study demonstrates a positive surgical treatment result in a female patient with giant neck and right hemithorax neurofibroma complicated by second thoracic vertebral body destruction, tracheal and brachiocephalic vessel compression, and Horner’s syndrome. The success of treatment became possible due to the joint tactics of thoracic and vertebral surgeons. Total second thoracic vertebral body destruction induced by a tumorous process was intraoperatively verified. There was elimination of Horner’s syndrome and brachiocephalic vessel compression in the early postoperative period. No neurological symptoms occurred with a metallic prosthetic implant of the thoracic vertebra. Twelve months after surgery, the patient felt satisfactory and had no signs of recurrent neurofibroma.
IMPACT OF CHEMORADIATION THERAPY ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED CANCER OF THE CERVIX UTERI: A REVIEW
Authors: Churuksayeva O. N. , Kolomiyets L. A.
Published: December 2023

Quality of life was estimated in 57 patients with Stages IIB/IIIB locally advanced cancer of the cervix uteri. A comparative analysis was made in 2 groups of patients receiving chemoradiotherapy with preradiation chemotherapy, subsequent combined radiotherapy and combined radiotherapy according to the radical program. Chemoradiotherapy was ascertained to contribute to more pronounced positive changes in the values of functional scales and a significant increase in total health status.
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ARGYROPHILIC PROTEINS OF NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZERS REGIONS (AGNOR) QUANTIFICATION IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Bobrov I. P , Cherdantseva T. M , Bryukhanov V. M , Klimachev V. V , Avdalyan A. M , Dolgatov A. Yu , Kazartsev A. V
Published: December 2023

The Study has investigated the prognostic significance of argyrophilic protein quantification in nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) of renal tumor cell during renal-cell carcinoma. Surgical specimens of 82 patients with renal cell carcinoma were material for the investigation. The mean age was 57,4 ± 1,1 years. There were 37 males (45.1%) and 45 women (54.9%). Correlation relationship was revealed between AgNORs tumor cells and clinical stage (r = 0,71; p = 0,0001), the size of the tumor node (r = 0,60; p = 0,0001), the presence of regional and distant metastases (r = 0, 68; p = 0,0001), tumor grading Fuhrman (r = 0,66; p = 0,0001) and postoperative survival in patients (r = - 0,61; p = 0,0001). There was no relationship of AgNORs with sex (r = 0,006; p = 0,56), age (r = 0,09; p = 0,45) and patients with histological types of tumors (r = 0,19; p = 0,09 ). Counting of AgNORs in tumor cells can be considered as a criterion of posible metastases. High levels of AgNORs in tumor cells - an unfavorable factor in predicting survival.
FLUORESCENCE DIAGNOSIS AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF MALIGNANT GLIOMAS IN RATS
Authors: Kubasova I. Yu , Smirnova Z. S , Ermakova K. V , Borisova L. M , Kiseleva M. P , Oborotova N. A , Meerovich G. A , Derkacheva V. M
Published: December 2023

The possibilities of fl uorescence diagnosis (FD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with domestic photosensitizers and domestic equipment in brain tumors have been studied. Investigation of the level and selectivity of accumulation dynamics of Photosens and Tiosens in C6 glioma tissue by spectral fl uorescence method has showed the selective accumulation of both agents in tumor tissue. High effi ciency of PDT with Photosens and Tiosens both as monotherapy and as combined treatment has been shown on the base of pathomorphological criteria. Increase of therapeutic effi cacy of combined treatment of C6 glioma using FD and intraoperative PDT with Alasens has been established.
INFLUENCE OF PREGNA-D’-PENTARANES ON CELL CULTURES HELA AND MONONUCLEAR CELL FRACTION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD
Authors: Kareva E. N , SLevina I. Solomonovna , Kulikova L. E , Gorenkova O. S , Manyakhina A. E , Kotsyubinskaya N. A , Tikhonov D. A
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study. The study of the binding pregna-D’-pentaran with progesterone receptors in the mononuclear cell fraction of peripheral blood (MNFK) and cell culture HeLa, assessment of the compounds impact on cells of these cultures and the level of TNF-alpha in MNFK. Material and methods. Blood samples were taken from 32 patients with uterine cancer (average age 36,8 ± 0,78 years), peripheral blood MNFK isolated by Boyum. To assess the binding activity of the test compounds using the method of radioligand analysis. Steroids (50 nM) were incubated with MNFK within 72 hours and the amount of cytokines using ELISA kits ("Vector-Best") for instructions. Pentaranov impact on cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Statistical processing was performed using Statsoft Statistica software and MS Excel. Results. All studied pregna-D’-pentaran exhibit relatively high affinity for ER and HeLa cells MNFK, especially IV, III, who had practically no effect on the viability MNFK and effectively inhibited the growth of HeLa cells. These compounds also stimulate the production of immune cells cytokine TNF-alpha. Conclusions. From 6 representatives of pregna-D’-pentaran we found two of the most promising compounds - (HI-873) and 16a, 17a-cyclohexanol-5aH-pregnan-3 ,20-dione (IV-to-100). These compounds with maximum inhibition of HeLa cell viability do not have a cytostatic effect on the immune cells and stimulate the production of the latest cytotoxic cytokine TNF-alpha.
Interaction of trypsin proteinases and kinin system in perifocal tissue of polyps and malignant tumors of the colon
Authors: Kit O. I , Frantsiyants Ye. M , Kozlova L. S , Terpugov A. L
Published: December 2023

Perifocal tissue of malign tumor and polyps of the colon lower part were studied. It has been determined that trypsin- like proteinases which are moderately activated in perifocal area of polyps can perform sanitation and protection functions for this area, preventing free penetration of metabolites from the polyp head into surrounding tissues. In the studied areas of polyps, kinin system is physiological type activated, with increased content of prekallikrein and growing activity of carboxypeptidases. The conclusion has been made that the turning point in change of neoplasm status may prove to be keeping or disturbing balance of the trypsin-like proteinases and kinin system interacting with the adjacent organ homeostasis regulation systems. Supposedly, disturbing the physiological balance in activity of kinin system and trypsin-like proteinases of perifocal tissue of polyps can entail malignization thereof.
THE FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AFTER RADICAL ABDOMINAL TRACHELETOMY
Authors: Novikova E. G. , Antipov V. A. , Balakhontseva O. S , Kurtser M. A. , Gergert E. V. , Zvereva A. V.
Published: December 2023

Radical abdominal tracheletomy is an organ-saving surgical treatment for invasive forms of cancer of the cervix uteri in young patients who wish to preserve reproductive function. The authors describe their clinical observation of the birth of Russia’s first baby after abdominal radical trachelectomy using assisted reproductive technologies.
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF COMPUTER-AIDED PLOIDOMETRY IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Cherdantseva T. M , Bobrov I. P , Klimachev V. V , Bryukhanov V. M , Lazarev A. F , Avdalyan A. M , Dolgatov A. Yu. , Kazartsev A. V
Published: December 2023

We have investigated the prognostic significance of DNA computer morphometry in the nuclei of tumor cells in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Surgical specimens of 108 patients with renal cell carcinoma was the material for investigation. The mean age was 57,8 ± 0,9 years. Males were 49 (45.3%), women - 59 (54.6%). Correlation relationship was revealed between index of DNA accumulation (INDNK) in the nuclei of tumor cells with clinical stage (r = 0,64; p = 0,0001), the size of the tumor node (r = 0,44; p = 0,0001), the presence of regional and distant metastases (r = 0,68; p = 0,0001), Fuhrman tumor grading (r = 0,75; p = 0,001). No relationship of INDNK with sex (r = 0,10; p = 0,30), age (r = 0,08; p = 0,41) and patients with histological types of tumors (r = 0,09; p = 0, 32) was revealed. During Cox multivariate regression analysis, the following independent predictors of RCC were revealed: the presence of regional and distant metastases (p = 0,0008), the degree of Fuhrman nucleus atypia (p = 0,005); stage by TNM (p = 0,03) and ploidy (p = 0.03). Such clinical - anatomical factors such as gender, age, tumor size and histological types of tumor didn;t have prognostic significance in assessing the 5 - year survival rate of patients. Thus, the ploidy of tumor cells is a significant prognostic parameter along with the classical prognostic factors in RCC.
CELL, RADIATION, AND CARCINOGENESIS
Authors: Pavlov A. S.
Published: December 2023

It has been suggested that there is an exceptional (unique) mechanism for incorporation into the genome of a reserve somatic cell during repair of radiation-induced DNA damages and that the latter cannot be included during replication. There are various cellular reproductive potentials (CRP) in different body anatomic systems, which differ in high radiosensitivity and resistance to carcinogenesis. As CRP is depleted and reproductive renewal is impossible, the reparative mechanism is used, which causes an increase in carcinogenesis rates. Whether carcinogenic signs can be involved with their verified presence in the human body and whether the cell genome contains new carcinogenic signs, such fibrolysis and osteolysis, are considered.