bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a male Wistar rat model of nanobacteriainduced kidney stones
Authors: Qian Biao , Pokhrel Gaurab , Wang Qinzhang , Liu Jihong
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To establish a male Wistar rat model of nanobacteria (NB)-induced kidney stones.

Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (NC group) given caudal vein injection of saline + saline gavage, and NB-induced stone group (NBS group) given caudal vein injection of NB + saline gavage.

Results: Compared with NC, serum creatinine, blood uric acid, urea nitrogen and urinary calcium levels in NBS group increased between weeks 3 and 8 (p < 0.05). Kidney index (kidney weight/body weight ratio) in the NBS group was higher than that in NC group from weeks 8-10. At week 8, urine pH and serum phosphorus in NBS group were higher than those in NC group (p < 0.05). Between weeks 6 and 7, serum calcium in NBS group was higher than that in NC group (p < 0.05). Calcium crystals in NBS rats were distributed mostly in the distal and proximal convoluted tubules. However, no such crystals were observed in NC rats. Similarly, no such pathological changes were seen in the renal tissue of NC group. Calculus analysis showed that stone formation was higher in NBS group than in NC group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in micro-CT between the two groups (p ˃ 0.05).

Conclusion: The successful establishment of the Wistar rat kidney stone model using NB cultured from urine of upper urinary tract stone patient is potentially useful for further etiological studies on kidney stone formation.
Total flavones of Desmodium styracifolium antagonize calcium oxalate monohydrate-triggered IL-2Rβ expression in renal epithelial cells
Authors: Xie Haijie , Yang Rui , Xu Yong , Liu Chunyu
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To explore the effect of total flavone of Desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM)-triggered IL-2Rβ expression in human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells.

Methods: Human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 was treated with COM, TFDS or both. The expression of IL-2Rβ was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or flow cytometry. The responsiveness of HK-2 cells to IL-2 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), qPCR and western blot. The signaling mechanism underlying the effect of TFDS was studied using western blot and qPCR. The clinical relevance of IL-2Rβ to renal inflammation was investigated by re-analyzing a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset.

Results: Total flavones of Desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) antagonize COM-triggered IL-2Rβ expression in HK-2 cells, thus reducing the responsiveness of HK-2 cells to IL-2 stimulation. Mechanistically, TFDS dampens IL-2Rβ expression by preventing the activation of STAT3. The level of IL-2Rβ is positively correlated with the inflammatory status of the kidney.

Conclusions: The total flavones of Desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) prevent the upregulation of IL2Rβ in renal epithelial cells upon COM stimulation in a STAT3-dependent manner.
Biochemical, rheological and hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) evaluation of Archachatina marginata (snail) mucin extract for possible nutraceutical and nano biopharmaceutical applications
Authors: Momoh Mumuni A. , Chime Salome A. , Ogbodo Daniel U. , Akudike Pricillia K. , Udochukwu Stanley U. , Ossa Emmanuel C. , Kenechukwu Franklin C. , Ofokans Kenneth C. , Attama Anthony A.
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the rheological, biochemical, hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of Archachatina marginata (snail) mucin extract for possible use as a nutraceutical and nano biopharmaceutical material.

Methods: Snail mucin was extracted with acetone and water, lyophilized and the biochemical, proximate and mineral analyses of the extracts were studied using standard methods. The rheological properties of the extracts (1, 2, 4 and 8 % w/v) and their emulsion-based preparations were evaluated. Other physicochemical properties and HLB values of the preparations were also determined.

Results: Snail mucin extracts contained protein (84 %), fats (2.91 %) and carbohydrate (1.2 %) and showed significant nutraceutical composition (p < 0.05). Ash content of 4.21 and 4.12 % was obtained for water and acetone extracts, respectively. Moisture content was < 9 % for both the aqueous and nonaqueous mucin extracts. Potassium, calcium and phosphorus were present in high quantities in the extracts while iron, copper and zinc were in trace amounts (< 4 %). Mucin dispersions exhibited viscosity in the range of 0.89 to 0.93 cp. Water sorption and dry weight were higher in the acetone extract than in the aqueous extract. The HLB values, which ranged from 7 to 15, were within the acceptable values for material for nanobiopharmaceutical application, except that the acetone extract.

Conclusion: Snail mucin exhibits good nutraceutical properties and also possesses good properties that render it a potential excipient for use in the formulation of drug delivery systems
Retracted: Safranal induces autophagy by AMPK activation and protects neurons against amyloid beta in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Huang Xiaocheng , Zhu Manlian , Hua Ying , Yan Xiumei , Jiang Ruilai
Published: May 2021

This article has been retracted by the authors.
Bölge Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hastanesinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Başa Çıkma Tarzları, Psikolojik Dayanıklılık ve Ruhsal Durumlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BOZDOĞAN YEŞİLOT Saliha , İNEL MANAV Ayşe , DÜNDAR Yakup , KILIÇ Nesibe , ATEŞ Didem , ÖZLER Sinan
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı bölge ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerin psikolojik dayanıklılıkları, başa çıkma tarzları ve ruhsal durumlarının değerlendirilmesidir.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı araştırmadır. Çalışmanın evrenini, bir bölge ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları hastanesinde çalışan 130 hemşire oluşurmuştur. Çalışma 97 hemşire ile tamamlanmıştır. Veriler 2 Nisan 2016- 15 Ağustos 2016 tarihleri arasında Tanıtıcı bilgiler formu, Yetişkinler için Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği, Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği ve Kısa Semptom Envanteri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için etik kurul izni alınmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede; Student-t testi, Mann Whitney U testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Kruskall Wallis, Pearson Korelasyon ve Çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin %76.3’ü kadın olup yaş ortalaması 39.26±7.63’tür. Hemşirelerin Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği kendine güvenli yaklaşım alt boyutu puan ortalaması 2.30±0.45 olup en yüksek alt boyut puanıdır. Yetişkinler için psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeği alt boyutlarından sosyal kaynaklar alt boyut puan ortalaması 28.55±4.94’tür. Yetişkinler için Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği alt boyutları içinde en yüksek puandır. Kısa Semptom Envanteri rahatsızlık ciddiyet indeksi skoru 0.10±0.10 (medyan=0.07)’dur. Stresle Başa çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği kendine güvenli yaklaşım alt boyut puanına Yetişkinler için Psikolojik Dayanıklılık ölçeği alt boyut puanlarının etkilerini regresyon analizi ile değerlendirildiğinde; modelin ileri düzeyde anlamlı (p:0.007; p<0.01) bulunmuştur ve R square değeri 0.419 olarak saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Araştırmaya katılan hemşireler başa çıkma tarzları içinde en fazla kendine güvenli yaklaşım ve iyimser yaklaşımı kullanmaktadırlar. Orta düzeyde psikolojik dayanıklılığa sahiptirler. Gösterdikleri ruhsal belirtiler hastalık düzeyinde değildir.
Koroner Anjiografi Öncesi Sosyal Desteğin Anksiyeteye Etkisi
Authors: GÖKÇE Serap , BULUT Süreyya , GÜNGÖR Hasan
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmada koroner anjiografi işlemi öncesinde hastaların yakınları ile görüşmelerinin anksiyete düzeyine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırma bir üniversite hastanesi anjiografi laboratuvarında, Eylül 2016- Nisan 2017 tarihleri arasında ilk kez koroner anjiografi olacak 79 hasta ile ön test-son test yarı deneysel olarak yapılmıştır. Veriler “Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu” ve “Durumluluk-Süreklilik Anksiyete Ölçeği” (STAI) kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile hastaların öz bildirimine dayalı olarak toplanmıştır. Deney grubundaki hastalar ayrı bir odada yakınları ile anjiografi işlemi başlayıncaya kadar beklemesi sağlanmış, kontrol grubu hastalara ise müdahale edilmemiş normal bekleme prosedürü uygulanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 22 programı kullanılmıştır. Sayı, yüzde dağılımları ki kare, t test analizleri yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan hastaların yaş ortalaması 61.21+1.01 ve %63.3’ü erkektir. Deney grubunun anjiografi öncesi durumluluk anksiyete puan ortalaması 58.52+9.03; işlem sonrası 60.30+6.84, kontrol grubunun ise işlem öncesi 56.53+9.98; işlem sonrası 52.51+6.30 bulunmuştur. Kontrol grubunun işlem öncesi ve sonrası ölçek puan ortalamaları arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Deney ve kontrol grubunun anjiografi sonrası STAI puan ortalamaları aralarındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda aile desteğinin koroner anjiografi işleminde akut dönem anksiyeteyi azaltmada etkili olmadığı görülmüştür.
Some remarks on the mean value of the Riemann zeta-function and other Dirichlet series 1
Authors: Ramachandra K
Published: May 2021

The present paper is concerned with $\Omega$-estimates of the quantity $$(1/H)\int_{T}^{T+H}\vert(d^m/ds^m)\zeta^k(\frac{1}{2}+it)\vert dt$$ where $k$ is a positive number (not necessarily an integer), $m$ a nonnegative integer, and $(\log T)^{\delta}\leq H \leq T$, where $\delta$ is a small positive constant. The main theorems are stated for Dirichlet series satisfying certain conditions and the corollaries concerning the zeta function illustrate quite well the scope and interest of the results.
%It is proved that if $2k\geq1$ and $T\geq T_0(\delta)$, then $$(1/H)\int_{T}^{T+H}\vert \zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it)\vert^{2k}dt > (\log H)^{k^2}(\log\log H)^{-C}$$ and $$(1/H)\int_{T}^{T+H} \vert\zeta'(\frac{1}{2}+it)\vert dt > (\log H)^{5/4}(\log\log H)^{-C},$$ where $C$ is a constant depending only on $\delta$.
Ramanujan series for arithmetical functions
Authors: Murty M. Ram
Published: May 2021

We give a short survey of old and new results in the theory of Ramanujan expansions for arithmetical functions.
Cryptosystem based on a key function of a real variable
Authors: Avramenko Viktor , Demianenko Volodymyr
Published: May 2021

Using the function of a real variable in cryptosystems as a key allows you to increase its cryptographic strength, because it is more difficult to pick up such key. Therefore, the development of such systems is relevant. A cryptosystem with a symmetric key is offered. This key is some function of a real variable that satisfies some restrictions. It can be either continuous or discrete.

The transmitting and receiving parties select the key-function, the first transmitted character or the first transmitted value for the analog message, the function area of the key function, and the step of changing the function argument. A Disproportion over first-order derivative is used to encrypt an analog message.

The Cauchy problem is solving for decrypting this message. Discrete messages are encrypted using the first-order disproportionality integral function. Decryption is performed by the inverse transformation of the formula for integral disproportion.

Algorithms for encrypting and decrypting messages are presented. The ability to encrypt and decrypt text information, 2D graphic images, as well as analog messages are shown. The examples show the complexity to pick up the key function and the cryptographic strength of the proposed cryptosystem.

A cryptosystem, in which the function of a real variable is used as a key and as well as disproportion functions are used, is suitable for encryption of both discrete and continuous messages. To “crack” such a system, it is required to pick up the form of the key function and to find the values of its parameters with very high accuracy. That is, the system has high cryptographic strength.
S Surga dan Neraka, Kekekalan Umat Manusia di akhirat Perspektif al-Quran
Authors: Mujahidin Muhammad Saekul
Published: May 2021

Pada hakekatnya surga dan neraka adalah ciptaan Allah swt. dengan kata lain surga dan neraka adalah sebagai makhluk. Namun hal ini tidak berarti surga dan neraka tidak kekal karena merupakan ciptaan Allah (makhluk), tetap surga dan neraka dikekalkan atas kuasa Allah swt, kekekalan Allah dengan kekekalan makhluk-Nya jelas berbeda. Kekekalan Allah swt. adalah berdasarkan zat-Nya dan kekalnya surga dan neraka adalah karena Allah sendiri yang berkehendak untuk memberikannya. Sekalipun begitu, terdapat pula golongan-golongan orang yang menganggap dirinya akan masuk surga selamanya, akan tetapi narasi tersebut tidak berlaku dihadapan Allah swt yang memiliki segalanya, karena agar bisa kekal di surga maupun neraka mempunyai pedoman-pedoman tertentu. bentuk penelitian ini menggunakan Library Research (penelitian kepustakaan) yang dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data sebanyak-banyaknya, mengklarifikasi serta menelaah beberapa literatur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian yang di bahas. al-Qur’an tidak hanya menginformasikan gambaran atau bentuk surga dan neraka tetapi sekaligus menginformasikan siapa saja penghuni surag dan neraka yang kekal abadi, salah satunya seperti seseorang harus beriman agar dirinya bisa masuk surga, begitupun juga penduduk neraka yang dihuni oleh orang-orang yang tidak mau beriman. Maka kekalnya surga dan neraka adalah kehendak Allah swt. karena urusan mengekalkan surga dan neraka, penghuninya dan nikmatnya diserahkan sepenunya kepada Allah. Allah swt. Maha Berkuasa terhadap sesuatu dan Dia dapat melakukan apa yang dikehendaki-Nya.

Kata Kunci : Surga, Neraka, Kekekalan, al-Qur`an
Urban requalification and economic sustainability: the case of the Genoa levante waterfront [Riqualificazione urbana e sostenibilità economica: il caso del waterfront di levante di Genova]
Authors: Rosasco Paolo , Lombardini Giampiero
Published: May 2021

After the season of major projects and major urban maintenance, completed with the event of Genoa, European Capital of Culture of the now distant 2004, the urban redevelopment project of the Genoese urban waterfront in the Levante sector (ie the area that physically connects the Expo area with the Fiera del Mare complex) is the largest project involving the Genoese urban structure of the last few years. The complex vicissitudes linked to a highly complex design process (on the area in question overlook very different functions ranging from the naval industry to the yachting port, up to the fair pavilions), create a scenario in which differentiated interests arise and where the balance between costs and benefits is important to the success of the operation. The Municipality of Genoa has started the process for the redevelopment of the area through a design competition for the selection of the best proposal to be made to an interested party to be selected in a subsequent public selection. The urban impacts on the infrastructural system, on the allocation of new public spaces, on the location of new “valuable” functions, as well as the overall urban redevelopment effect will affect a large area in which the patrimonial benefits deriving from the post project operation will undoubtedly be relevant. The amount of public finances in the operation and the complexity of the design choices that must be made require careful assessment not only of the quality of the proposal but also of its economic and financial sustainability. Considering the high costs of demolition of existing buildings and structures, it must guarantee adequate margins of profitability for the investor, otherwise the operation will be unsuccessful. The economic evaluation therefore assumes a strategic role in identifying the best design solution. This contribution deals with the case study of the urban redevelopment project of the area of the former Genoa Fair started by the Municipality of Genoa in 2016 through a design competition called “BluePrint”. In addition to the analysis of the urban aspects, a verification of the economic feasibility of the intervention has been developed, starting from the checks presented by the participants in the competition. The objective is to determine - for some significant variables (cost of the areas) - what are the conditions of sustainability for the operator who will carry out the intervention
The beautiful city and the rent from information. Monetary axiology of the shape surplus [La città bella e la rendita d’informazione. Assiologia monetaria dell’eccedenza di forma]
Authors: Giannelli Annalaura , Giuffrida Salvatore , Trovato Maria Rosa
Published: May 2021

This contribution is part of a larger study concerning the Cost Benefit Analysis of the Madrid-Rio Park, one of the main public works in the field of urban redevelopment in Europe over the last twenty years. The scale of the intervention and its effects on the urban arrangement of the Manzanares River area encourage reflections on some issues of the wealth redistribution in the face of such a huge investment amount; in this experimentation we try to stress some fundamental categories of them. The paper focuses on the monetary quantification of secondary benefits coming from the commercial, accommodation, spor ts and catering businesses located in the large areas made free after the burial of the stretch of the motorway once flanking the river. According to the logic of the business plan, a Discounted Cash Flow Analysis was carried out by transforming all items of the income statement into annual revenue and expenditure streams; therefore, the components of the secondary benefit generated, and their composition were analysed in terms of relevance with respect to the possible earners. At the same time, these results were compared with the data on concession fees charged by the Madrid administration and some hypotheses were made regarding the fees applicable to current and future business, by applying the residual value, as a result of risk and scenario analyses, carried out on the strategic variables of the investments. Finally, the overall result – related to all businesses comprised in the area, with regard to the differentiated concession fees applicable for each class of business – was compared with the current management costs of the park, providing one of the possible measurements of the efficiency of the current concessionary policy and indicating any other further potential.
The land rent as a tool for reuse of existing real estate (against the policy of unsustainable growth of “new” real estate development)
Authors: Cerasoli Mario , Mattarocci Gianluca
Published: May 2021

Starting from 2008 the real estate crisis changed the approach to the development and transformation of urban areas more than many urban planning tools, effectively regulating the development and transformation of urban areas. In the new scenario, the role of the State and public institutions for driving the transformation of cities has gradually decreased, also due to the inefficiency related to the pachydermic and oxidized bureaucracy. Nowadays, urban regeneration – the transformation of existing real estate assets – is the new channel of intervention that is usually delegated to private initiatives: recovery of past industrial areas, railway stations and tracks, and existing (also historical) buildings. Talking about urban regeneration means shifting the focus on issues such as that of smart cities, favouring the existing urban fabric and, even more so, the historical city It also means taking care of the immense heritage of small historic centres, which must necessarily become an engine for rebalancing the territory and economic development, albeit “slow”. Based on an economic-urban combined analysis, this document illustrates the opportunities that urban regeneration can (and should) have on the housing market and society and which must be then the (good mechanisms) government by public institutions that are in charge of governing the territory, to achieve a reasonable balance between collective interest and private interest (without demonizing the income). Against the policy of unsustainable growth of new real estate development!
Covid-19, distanciamento social e terceira idade
Authors: Montenegro Maria Eleusa , Gomes Adrianne Martins , Ferreira Matheus Duraes , Da Silva Daniel Alves , Salviano Ana Regina Melo
Published: May 2021

A COVID-19 é uma doença que pode ser letal, principalmente para as pessoas na terceira idade e/ou com comorbidades. O distanciamento social determinado a todas as pessoas e, principalmente, necessário aos idosos. Como se trata de um dos grupos mais vulneráveis, originou-se o questionamento: a terceira idade está cumprindo esse distanciamento e como eles estão se sentindo? Desta forma, o objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar se os idosos estão cumprindo o distanciamento social e como eles estão se sentindo no período da pandemia. A pesquisa utilizada foi a qualitativa, pela abertura das questões e sua análise. O instrumento foi a entrevista. Participaram deste trabalho 20 idosos, acima de 60 anos. Os principais resultados da pesquisa foram:  os idosos em sua maioria receberam visitas no período da pandemia e relataram ter saído de casa; 11 entrevistados relataram ter tido algum problema de saúde, relacionados a doenças físicas e a transtornos psíquicos, como ansiedade e depressão. Espera-se que o trabalho realizado e divulgado possa ser uma contribuição para o conhecimento dos idosos durante o distanciamento social, devido à pandemia, e seu comportamento nesse período.Palavras-chave: COVID-19 e terceira idade. Distanciamento social e idosos. Comportamento dos idosos na pandemia.
A relação do planejamento urbano e a disseminação da Covid-19
Authors: Galante Siqueira Paulo Cesar
Published: May 2021

Em meio a pandemia a mídia tem divulgado amplamente os riscos da disseminação da COVID-19 nas comunidades mais vulneráveis. Essas comunidades geralmente são fruto de um processo de ocupação não planejado. O maior exemplo que temos deste tipo de ocupação irregular são as favelas ou comunidades, que deixaram de ser exclusivas dos grandes centros urbanos. Este trabalho buscou comparar a disseminação da COVID-19 em duas Regiões Administrativas do Distrito Federal. A primeira região, Brazlândia, já se encontra com seu processo urbanístico consolidado, onde os princípios do Estatuo da Cidades foram quase totalmente alcançados. A segunda região, Itapoã, é uma cidade nova, fruto de uma invasão. O fato do seu surgimento não ter sido planejado, traz muitas consequências. Neste trabalho foi possível constatar que onde não houve planejamento urbano, o vírus se espalhou com muito maior velocidade. Apesar do estudo apontar para um fato que permeia o senso comum, o objetivo foi fornecer subsídios para ressaltar a importância do projeto urbanístico. Muito além de argumentos, a intensão de fomentar a discussão do planejamento urbano e suas consequências.
Academic Stress Management in E – Learning Era’: How self aware are tertiary students in Kerala
Authors:   Department of English and Languages, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, India, K Ajith , Vijayalakshmi Dr. PP ,   Department of English and Languages, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, India
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of E-learning platforms’ on the mental state of undergraduate students in Kerala. The subjects chosen for the study were 100 University undergraduate students (male-50, female-50) from various colleges studying in Kerala. A questionnaire was employed to elicit the response from students. For the purpose, ‘Self Awareness Inventory – 30’, a 30 item self-awareness questionnaire was distributed among the participants. The students were expected to rate themselves on coping with academic stress during the covid pandemic times. The result of the study revealed that there is a significant number of students experienced high academic stress in the pandemic learning environment.
Career advancement of tourism and hospitality management graduates : the case of Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape
Authors:   ,   Durban University of Technology, Stemele Lukhanyo
Published: May 2021

Hospitality graduates are entering the industry without an accurate understanding of the sector, and this could be the reason for many leaving employment in the industry (Brown, Arendt and Bosselman 2014:1). Graduates in South Africa have unrealistic expectations of employment in the tourism and hospitality industry and tend to exit the industry within few years after joining it as they are faced with a number of challenges (Sibanyoni, Kleynhans and Vibetti 2015:13). Perceptions and attitudes of tourism and hospitality graduates towards employment in the industry are not clearly understood. The focus of this study was to investigate perceptions on career advancement of tourism and hospitality graduates at Walter Sisulu University in the Eastern Cape. The quantitative approach was adopted using structured online questionnaires to collect primary data. The population comprised of graduates in the Tourism and Hospitality Department from Walter Sisulu University, who graduated between the years 2004 to 2014. Simple random sampling was used to obtain a representative sample of 133 tourism and hospitality graduates. The key findings of the study reveal that the majority of respondents were currently employed in the tourism and hospitality industry on a full-time basis. Respondents who were working in the tourism and hospitality sector indicated that expectations in this employment sector were not adequately met. Respondents who are employed in other sectors showed a higher job satisfaction compared to those employed in the tourism and hospitality sector. The results further revealed that graduates employed in the tourism and hospitality sector were faced with far more challenges than those employed in other industry sectors. Even though previous studies on perceptions and attitudes of tourism and hospitality graduates towards employment in the industry indicated that graduates tend to exit the industry within few years after joining it, the current study findings indicate that the majority of graduates are still employed in the tourism and hospitality sector
Sûfîler ve Kur’ân Okuyucuları: Sünnî Tasavvuf Geleneğinde Kurrâ Eleştirileri
Authors: BAŞER Haci Bayram
Published: May 2021

Bu makalede tasavvufun erken döneminde sûfîlerin kurrâya yönelik eleştirileri ele alın-maktadır. Makalenin amacı, bu eleştirilerin tasavvufun teşekkül sürecinin dinamikleri bakımından nasıl anlaşılabileceğini saptamaktır. Bu minvalde kurrâ kavramının geçirdiği anlam dönüşümleri irdelenmekte ve sûfîlerin muhatap aldığı kurrâ zümresi belirginleşti-rilmektedir. Sûfîlerin kurrâ eleştirileri, hicrî ilk asırdan başlayarak beşinci asrın sonlarına kadar telif edilen tasavvuf literatürü kapsamında, kronolojik ve teorik bir sistematik dâhi-linde incelenmektedir. Bu çerçevede sûfîlerin hicrî ikinci asırdan önce, âlimler ve zâhidler tarafından kurrâya yöneltilen eleştirileri miras alarak, hem Kur’ân okuyucuları anlamın-daki kurrâya hem de âbid ve zâhid anlamındaki kurrâya tenkitler yönelttikleri tespit edil-mektedir. Makalede sûfîlerin başlarda belirli kāriʾ tiplerinde gözledikleri ahlâkî ve meslekî yetersizlik ya da bozulmaları eleştirseler bile, tasavvufun bir dinî ilim karakteri kazanması sürecinde bu eleştirilere Kur’ân ve semâʿ ilişkisi açısından da baktıkları ortaya konulmak-tadır. Bu bakımdan sûfîlerin kurrâ eleştirilerinin, tasavvufun diğer dinî ilimler ile ilişkisini anlamada kilit bir role sahip olduğu iddia edilmektedir.
КОНЦЕПЦИИ И МОДЕЛИ ПРИНЯТИЯ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ ДЛЯ АГРОПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ СЕВЕРНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors: Г.М, Мауина,Е.А.Черткова,У. Ж .Айтимова,С. А.Нукушева
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются методологические аспекты процессов принятия управленческих решений для агропредприятий Северного Казахстана с позиций выявления наиболее эффективных путей достижения цели: оптимизации выбора предпочтительных сценариев производства. Показано, что для принятия решений по определению оптимальных многофакторных сценариев производства агропредприятий целесообразно использование концепции максимальной полезности принятия управленческих решений с применением технологии компьютерной обработки экспертных данных. Для реализации этой концепции предложено использование нормативной модели принятия решений на основе экономических предположений лица, принимающего решение. Предпосылками и условиями применения нормативной модели является применение известных алгоритмов (нормативных правил) и оптимизация решения по выбору сценария производства агропредприятия в условиях многокритериальности факторов влияния. Методология концепции максимальной полезности и нормативная модель ее исполнения отражены в представленной структуре решения по выбору сценария производства агропредприятия Северного Казахстана в условиях множества производственно-рыночных критериев и доступности экспертной информации. Методический инструментарий для разработки информационно-аналитической системы поддержки принятия решений управленческих решений – многокритериальный метод анализа иерархий.
ЖАЙЫҚ ӨЗЕНІ БАЛЫҚТАРЫНЫҢ ПАРАЗИТОФАУНАСЫНА АНТРОПОГЕНДІК ЖҮКТЕМЕ ӘСЕРІН БАҒАЛАУ
Authors: А.А. Жақсылықова,А.М.Абдыбекова, А.А.Абдибаева, Б.I.Барбол,
Published: May 2021

Қазіргі уақытта балық паразитоздары медицина және ветеринария шеңберінен шығып отырған мәселе екенін атап өткен жөн. Біздің республикада көптеген онжылдықтар бойы өзекті болып отырған, адам үшін, балық өнімдерінің гельминтологиялық қауіпсіздігі туралы мәселе, сондай-ақ балықтардың саны мен өнімділігіне айтарлықтай әсер ететін эпизоотия мен энзоотия проблемасы. Паразитоздар қоршаған ортаны тұрақсыздандыратын және су айдындарында балық өнімділігінің өсуін тежейтін басты фактор болып табылады. Сонымен қатар, ішкі және теңіз су айдындарына көпфакторлы антропогендік әсер ету үдеуде. Әсіресе тұщы су қоймаларын, сондай-ақ континентальды теңіздерді ластау процесі XX ғасырдың ортасынан, индустриаландыру қарқыны күрт артқан кезде қарқынды түрде өтеді.Осыған байланысты балық өнімділігін арттырудың негізгі шарты ихтиопаразитологиялық жағдайды дер кезінде анықтау және осы ауруларға қарсы күреске бағытталған шаралар кешенін әзірлеу болып табылады.
«АЙДАРБАЕВ» ШАРУА ҚОЖАЛЫҒЫНЫҢ СИЫРЛАРЫ СҮТІНІҢ АУЫР МЕТАЛДАРМЕН ЛАСТАНУ ДӘРЕЖЕСІН ЗЕРТТЕУ
Authors: Калжанова Б.К.,Сарсембаева Н.Б. Абдигалиева Т.Б.
Published: May 2021

Мақалада Алматы облысында орналасқан «Айдарбаев» шаруа қожалығы сүтінің ауыр металдармен ластану деңгейі туралы нәтижелер берілген. Зерттеуге арналған сүт үлгілері 2020 жылдың көктем, жаз және күз мезгілдерінде алынды. Зерттеу жұмыстары Қазақ ұлттық аграрлық университетінің Қазақстан-Жапон инновациялық орталығының зертханаларында TaLab вольтамперометриялық анализаторлы novaa 350 атомдық-адсорбциялық спектрометрінде жүргізілді. Кадмийдің анықталған көрсеткіші орта есеппен 0,07 мг/л болды. Қорғасынның сүт үлгілерінен анықталған мөлшері көктем мезгілінде орта есеппен 0,0153 мг/л құраса, жаз айларындағы орташа көрсеткіші 0,0142 мг/л, ал, күз мезгіліндегі анықталған орташа мөлшері 0,0161 мг/л құрады. Ал, күшән мен сынап мөлшері анықталмады. Зерттеу нәтижесі бойынша сүт құрамында кадмий, сынап, қорғасын және күшән мөлшері рұқсат етілген концентрация шегінен аспады. Алынған нәтижелер еліміздің табиғи нысандарындағы ауыр металдардың құрамы бойынша қоршаған ортаның жағдайына мониторинг жүргізу үшін негіз бола алады.
СТЕПЕНЬ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ЭХИНОКОККОЗА НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Абдыбекова А.М Барахов Б.Б Джунисбаева С.М.
Published: May 2021

В статье представлены результаты проведенных в 2019-2020 годы исследований по степени распространения ларвального эхинококкоза в различных регионах Республики Казахстан. Установлено, что среди сельскохозяйственных животных, которые являются промежуточными хозяевами в цикле развития паразита, свиньи, верблюды и козы имеют меньшее эпизоотологическое значение в распространении возбудителя инвазии. Причиной тому являются:- клеточное содержание свиней (система замкнутого содержания животных, которая препятствует распространению инвазии), ограниченное количество сторожевых собак на свинофермах;- малые объемы производства, переработки и потребления в республике верблюжатины и козлятины, в связи с низкой численностью этих животных в стране.

Лошади не могут участвовать в поддержании эпизоотической цепи паразита на территории нашей республики, так как по результатам многолетних исследований у указанных животных устанавливали только ацефалоцисты (цисты без протосколексов) мелких размеров. Анализ полученных данных по заболеваемости людей показал, что к зоне высокой степени распространения эхинококкоза относятся южные регионы страны, в других областях показатели заболеваемости на 100 тысяч населения не превышают среднереспубликанский.
Malnutrition Prevalence Measurement and Nutritional Interventions in Internal Medical Departments of Turkish Hospitals: Results of the LPZ Study
Authors: Saka Bülent , Altınkaynak Mustafa , Erten Sebile Nilgün , Akın Sibel , Özer Firuzan Fırat , Taşçı İlker , Savaş Sumru , Kayhan Koçak Özge , Tosun Taşar Pınar , Tufan Aslı , Yavuzer Hakan , Erdinçler Deniz Suna , Balcı Cafer , Eşme Mert , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Öztürk Zeynel Abidin , Varlı Murat , Sezgin Gülbüz , Nalbant Selim , Karan Mehmet Akif
Published: May 2021

Objective: The Landelijke Prevalentiemeting Zorgkwaliteit (LPZ), or National Care Indicators Prevalence, study is an annual international multicenter cross-sectional prevalence measurement of care problems on the institution, department, and patient level across Europe. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of malnutrition (MN) and examine nutritional interventions in internal medical departments of Turkish hospitals.
Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed using a standardized and tested questionnaire. Data were collected from adult patients (18 years and over) who were hospitalized in internal medical departments of the hospitals. The cross-sectional study was done in 12 different centers from six big cities in the country in every November of three consecutive years (2017–2019).
Results: A total of 1,764 patients (60.9% men, 39.1% women; mean age, 62.6±0.4 years; range, 18–99 years) from 12 centers were enrolled in the study. The main diagnoses were cardiovascular disease (35.8%), diabetes (29.3%), cancer (20.2%), respiratory diseases (20.0%), infectious diseases (18.7%), gastrointestinal diseases (18.5%), endocrine diseases (17.3%), neurological diseases (15%; dementia, 6%), and hematological diseases (9.3%). Mean weight and body mass index of the patients were 71.9±16.5 kg (range, 30–153 kg) and 27.0±5.1 kg/m2 (range, 10.6–51.3 kg/m2). MN risk prevalence was 44.2%, according to the malnutrition universal screening test (MUST), and 46.5% in elderly patients. Of the patients, 43.4% indicated unintentional weight loss in the last 6 months. Nutritional interventions to treat MN were referral to a dietitian (57.2%), oral nutrition supplements (40.7%), energy/protein–enriched diet (38%), energy/protein–enriched snacks (18.1%), parenteral nutrition (16.7%), support at mealtimes (15.8%), and tube enteral feeding (10.4%). No interventions were given to 5.4% of patients. Regular audits were made to ensure compliance with the protocol/guidelines in 88.5% of patients, and 68.5% of patients were discussed with multidisciplinary teams at the hospitals.
Conclusion: MN is highly prevalent the in internal medical departments of our hospitals. Although MN awareness is increasing, different interventions are in use according to national and international protocols/guidelines, and the number of active multidisciplinary teams is increasing. MN is still a big problem that needs further national plans.
Public awareness of personality - basis for successful implementation of inclusive education in Kazakhstan
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan, Namazbaeva Zh.I. , Kalymova A. E. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the general issues of the state and development of inclusive education in the Republic of Ka- zakhstan. The basic psychological and pedagogical problems of the development of inclusive education are disclosed, a significant place is given to solving specific problems regarding the activities of subjects of education. For the first time, an attempt has been made conceptually to reveal the complex relationship between the theory and practice of inclusive education by means of various sciences. A special role is given to highlighting the issue of readiness of the society, future specialists, the socio-psychological and legal aspects are disclosed. In addition, questions of the attitude of society towards people with special educational needs (SEN) were examined and a special place was em- phasized in this process for the psychological support of working with them. The components of psychological readi- ness are highlighted, some forms and methods of its formation in the country’s education system are presented. The development of public consciousness, the formation of a creative, comprehensive personality of persons with special needs is possible only with the implementation of the indicated theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of this great work.
Mathematical modeling and parametric identification of a model using the example of a water-heating unit
Authors:   Abai University (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Zhusupbekov Sarsenbek , Abzhanova Laulasyn ,   Abai University (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Nauryzbaev Olzhas ,   Abai University (Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to systemic issues related to the principles of mathematical modeling of technological objects, and the degree of adequacy of certain mathematical descriptions to real processes in these systems. In the article using the least squares method (least squares), a model of a water-heating unit is constructed as a MIMO system. The analysis of the process as a complex multi-connected control object. Based on the experimental data, a mathematical model is obtained in the state space of the water path. The adequacy of the mathematical model to the real object was established by directly comparing the output values of the object with the output values of the model. The results of a comparative assessment of the transition characteristics of the constructed mathematical model and the control object are presented. From the transient characteristics of the object and the mathematical model, it follows that the mathematical model fairly accurately and qualitatively describes the properties of the modeled object, i.e., it is adequate to the modeled object. The material presented allows you to teach a student to study processes by the method of mathematical modeling, including the preparation of a mathematical description, the choice of a solution method, software implementation of the model and verification of the model’s adequacy to a real object.
Pedagogical aspects the consideration of the crises of child development
Authors:   Abai University (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Bekmagambetova Roza , Khalitova Islamiya ,   Abai University (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Aitpaeva Almagul ,   Abai University (Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the problem of the crisis of child development. According to the author, the child’s psyche goes through certain stages in the development process, which are called critical periods. In these age periods, contradictions arise in the internal state of the child, his relationships with parents and society change. Overcoming the crisis, the child goes to a new stage of mental development, and depending on how the child overcomes difficult periods, the formation of his character, inner world and self-consciousness depends. If the parents behave incorrectly during this difficult time for the child, then the risk of neuropsychic illnesses will be very high, the child will develop self-doubt, low self-esteem, a feeling of insulted dignity, a feeling of inferiority, and distrust of the environment. The crisis of child development is the law of development. The crisis of childhood development is considered to be a transition from one age stage to another, a higher stage of development. Each child must go through this, it is believed that a child who has not experienced a real crisis will not fully develop further. The author identifies the following types of crisis of child development at an early and preschool age: crisis of the new-born, crisis of the first year of life, crisis of three years, crisis of six to seven years. The article gives a detailed description of the above crises of child development and discloses ways to overcome them.
The educational foundations of the pedagogical process in sports training
Authors:   Regional Social Innovation University (Shymkent, Kazakhstan), Alshynbayev Kulalbek , Myrzakulov Kazbek ,   Regional Social Innovation University (Shymkent, Kazakhstan), Atakaeva Amal ,   Regional Social Innovation University (Shymkent, Kazakhstan), Iralina Mira ,   Abay University (Almaty Kazakhstan), Tuleev Serjan ,   Regional Social Innovation University (Shymkent, Kazakhstan)
Published: May 2021

In the modern world, new trends, news, new directions and methods in the field of education and science, which occurred in any country, form their own peculiar system. All areas and areas of education and science, in accordance with modern requirements, are moving on new technologies to innovative teaching methods. Also, in the field of physical education and sports, the educational process is at the transition stage using new teaching methods. Although the basic structure of the preparatory period for athletes has been preserved, the skills and abilities, means, methods, as well as sanitary and hygienic standards, adaptive, recreational, rehabilitation and other methods that improve the results of athletes are updated. For example, before, to improve the results of athletes, it was used as the main, and in some cases, as the only method - physical training, therefore, it was precisely on it that the main emphasis was made. In accordance with the new trends of the time, the range of new tools and methods is expanding, which means that to improve the results in sports, there are needs to prevent the psychological state of athletes through the pedagogical process.
System of spiritual and moral virtual values in the heritage of al-Farabi
Authors:   Al-Farabi University, (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Taubaeva Sharkul , Imanbaeva Saule ,   Abai University (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Mombek Aliya ,   Abai University (Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Published: May 2021

The article reveals the system of spiritual and moral virtuous values in the philosophical, pedagogical and socio- ethical heritage of Al-Farabi. The scientist’s ideas on spiritual and moral education are systematized. These ideas are illustrated by the main categories such as «virtuous city», «intellectual virtue», «ethnic virtue», «upbringing», «teaching», «intelligence», «judgment», «happiness». The educational heritage of al-Farabi is considered in terms of the philosophy of modern science. A brief biography of the thinker, the pedagogical concept of al-Farabi, including the methodology of pedagogy, the theory of upbringing, didactics, the theory of education, and methodology are described. The ideal of upbringing is presented, which is reflected in the human qualities of a resident of a virtuous city, such as culture, politeness, high discipline, wisdom, intelligence, intelligence, understanding, helping, supporting, collective, endurance, heroism, justice, generosity. The content of the categories «training», «upbringing», «education», «learning», «intelligence» has been clarified. The article reveals the potential of humanitarian methodology and humanistic principles in the study of the spiritual and moral heritage of al-Farabi. The definitions of the basic concepts of spiritual and moral education in the context of the national idea «Mangilik el» are given.
Educating gravure art
Authors:   Abai University (Аlmaty, Kazakhstan), Naimanov B.T. , Ospanov B.E. ,   Abai University (Аlmaty, Kazakhstan)
Published: May 2021

The article tells about the art of gravure, which is a part of the art of graphic, as well as about artists who have devoted themselves to the study of this type of art and the study of aspects of this area of fine art, as well as the study of art in the works of these artists. For a deeper understanding of graphic arts, visual material is needed. Gravure in the field of graphics occupies one of the main positions in the visual arts. With the help of this simple black-and-white graphic, artists achieve mastery by depicting and expressing what they saw in life in their works, and in doing so they develop fine arts. The article also says that gravure has specific features as one of the types of production activity, a unique way of creative activity
Comparative study of 1-grades textbooks of the native language of Kazakhstan and Turkey in terms of format and design
Authors:   Khoja Ahmet Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University (Turkestan, Kazakhstan), Kuralbayeva A.A.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article is to comparative study of 1 grades textbooks of native language of Kazakhstan and Turkey in terms of format and design. Textbooks are one of the most effective sources of education. It is accepted that an important role in gaining a strong mother tongue consciousness and love by sensing the richness, subtleties and beauties of the native language play the texts. The majority of the textbook consists of texts or reading pieces. In comparison of textbooks of Kazakhstan “Sauat Ashu. 1-part”, “Sauat Ashu. 2-part” and textbooks of Turkey “İlkokul 1 Sınıf İlk Okuma Yazma kitabı”, “İlkokul Türkçe 1 Ders Kitabı” the following features were considered: the volume of textbooks on physical and structural characteristics, the cover and binding of the textbook, the number of pages, the use of colors, the texture and quality of paper, the style and size of the font
Sports training methods and general pedagogical functions of sports
Authors:   Abay Kazakh National Pedagogical University (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Davlumbaev Adilet , Marchibaeva Ulbosyn ,   L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan), Kuanyshov Saparbai ,   egional Social Innovation University (Shymkent, Kazakhstan), Kadyrbekov Ruslan ,   L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan), Aztaev Arystanbek ,   egional Social Innovation University (Shymkent, Kazakhstan)
Published: May 2021

The task of specialists in the field of physical education and sports is to control such requirements in sports and games as hardening the health of the younger generation, increasing their performance, and adapting the body to various living conditions. Recently, the scientific papers characterizing the useful side of sports and games can be found as much as possible for the athlete’s body. Various methodological aids, recommendations aimed at improving sports training, skills and abilities, improving the health value of sports have been developed. Being a complex pedagogical system based on folk experience, sports and games not only solve the problems of developing simple motor qualities, but also help to reveal its deep complex sides, prepare the body for complex physical and psychological stresses. Recently, young people are increasingly beginning to pay attention to sports. Through the proper organization of the training of motor skills, it is possible to achieve comprehensive physical training for young people.