bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLYHEDRAL COMPLETENESS OF INTERMEDIATE LOGICS: THE NERVE CRITERION
Authors: ADAM-DAY SAM , BEZHANISHVILI NICK , GABELAIA DAVID , MARRA VINCENZO
Published: November 2022

We investigate a recently devised polyhedral semantics for intermediate logics, in which formulas are interpreted in n-dimensional polyhedra. An intermediate logic is polyhedrally complete if it is complete with respect to some class of polyhedra. The first main result of this paper is a necessary and sufficient condition for the polyhedral completeness of a logic. This condition, which we call the Nerve Criterion, is expressed in terms of Alexandrov’s notion of the nerve of a poset. It affords a purely combinatorial characterisation of polyhedrally complete logics. Using the Nerve Criterion we show, easily, that there are continuum many intermediate logics that are not polyhedrally complete but which have the finite model property. We also provide, at considerable combinatorial labour, a countably infinite class of logics axiomatised by the Jankov–Fine formulas of ‘starlike trees’ all of which are polyhedrally complete. The polyhedral completeness theorem for these ‘starlike logics’ is the second main result of this paper.
A Step Back and to the Right: Gendered Backlash, Partisanship, and Cynicism in Brazil’s Recent Reactionary Turn
Authors: Pagliarini Andre
Published: November 2022

This essay reviews the following works:

Women’s Empowerment and Disempowerment in Brazil: The Rise and Fall of President Dilma Rousseff. By Pedro A. G. dos Santos and Farida Jalalzai. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2021. Pp. 213. $91.05 hardcover. ISBN: 9781439916179.

A Horizon of (Im)possibilities: A Chronicle of Brazil’s Conservative Turn. Edited by Katerina Hatzikidi and Eduardo Dullo. London: University of London Press, 2021. Pp. 195. $35.00 paperback. IBSN: 9781908857897.

Cynical Citizenship: Gender, Regionalism, and Political Subjectivity in Porto Alegre, Brazil. By Benjamin Junge. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. Pp. xi + 304. $64.70 hardcover. ISBN: 9780826359445.

Precarious Democracy: Ethnographies of Hope, Despair, and Resistance in Brazil. Edited by Benjamin Junge, Sean T. Mitchell, Alvaro Jarrín, and Lucia Cantero. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2021. Pp. 238. $39.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781978825659.

O Brasil dobrou à direita: Uma radiografia da eleição de Bolsonaro em 2018. By Jairo Nicolau. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2019. Pp. 144. $23.04 paperback. ISBN: 9788537818886.

Dilma’s Downfall: The Impeachment of Brazil’s First Woman President and the Pathway to Power for Jair Bolsonaro’s Far-Right. By Peter Prengaman and Mauricio Savarese. New York: Associated Press. Pp. 274. $14.52 paper. ISBN: 9781735845999.

Gender and Representation in Latin America. Edited by Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. xv + 352. $38.95 paper. ISBN: 9780190851231.

Democracy against Parties: The Divergent Fates of Latin America’s New Left Contenders. By Brandon Van Dyck. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021. Pp. 288. $55.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780822946946.
Major neurocognitive psychosis: a novel schizophrenia endophenotype class that is based on machine learning and resembles Kraepelin’s and Bleuler’s conceptions
Authors: Maes Michael
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe how to use the precision nomothetic psychiatry approach to (a) delineate the associations between schizophrenia symptom domains, including negative symptoms, psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, formal thought disorders, psychomotor retardation (PHEMFP), and cognitive dysfunctions and neuroimmunotoxic and neuro-oxidative pathways and (b) create a new endophenotype class based on these features. We show that all symptom domains (negative and PHEMFP) may be used to derive a single latent trait called overall severity of schizophrenia (OSOS). In addition, neurocognitive test results may be used to extract a general cognitive decline (G-CoDe) index, based on executive function, attention, semantic and episodic memory, and delayed recall scores. According to partial least squares analysis, the impacts of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) on OSOS are partially mediated by increasing G-CoDe severity. The AOPs include neurotoxic cytokines and chemokines, oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, IgA responses to neurotoxic tryptophan catabolites, breakdown of the vascular and paracellular pathways with translocation of Gram-negative bacteria, and insufficient protection through lowered antioxidant levels and impairments in the innate immune system. Unsupervised machine learning identified a new schizophrenia endophenotype class, named major neurocognitive psychosis (MNP), which is characterised by increased negative symptoms and PHEMFP, G-CoDe and the above-mentioned AOPs. Based on these pathways and phenome features, MNP is a distinct endophenotype class which is qualitatively different from simple psychosis (SP). It is impossible to draw any valid conclusions from research on schizophrenia that ignores the MNP and SP distinctions.
The effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction and aerobic exercise on retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) in middle-aged men with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ghorbanian Bahloul , Wong Alexei , Iranpour Asgar
Published: November 2022

Exercise and dietary interventions have been described to positively affect metabolic syndrome (MetS) via molecular-induced changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate restriction and aerobic exercise (AE) on retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) in middle-aged men with MetS. The study had a randomised, double-blinded, parallel-controlled design. Forty middle-aged men with MetS (age: 53·97 ± 2·85 years, BMI = 31·09 ± 1·04 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to four groups, AE (n 10), ketogenic diet (KD; n 10), AE combined with KD (AE + KD; n 10) or control (C; n 10). RBP4, FABP5, body composition (body mass, BMI and body fat), insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity and MetS factors were evaluated prior to and after the 12-week intervention. AE + KD significantly decreased the body fat percentage (P = 0·006), BMI (P = 0·001), Zmets (P = 0·017), RBP4 (P = 0·017) and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0·001) as compared with control group and marginally significantly decreased the Zmets as compared with exercise group (P = 0·086). KD significantly decreased RBP4 levels as compared with control group (P = 0·041). Only the AE intervention (P = 0·045) significantly decreased FABP5 levels. Combining intervention of carbohydrate restriction with AE compared with carbohydrate restriction and AE alone improved RBP4, HOMA-IR as well as different body composition and MetS factors in middle-aged men with MetS.
Iconoclasm – A Road to Modernization?
Authors: Bagge Sverre Håkon
Published: November 2022

My point of departure is a conflict over images in the churches in Bergen, Norway in the 1560s, around 30 years after the Reformation. This introduced a brief period of iconoclasm in Denmark–Norway, inspired by Reformed theology. Soon, however, mainstream Lutheranism took over and statues and pictures were reintroduced. The different views on images in the two Protestant confessions – Lutheranism and Calvinism – are, of course, well known, as are also the various theological arguments in the debate between them. More interesting is the practical question of how it was possible to manage without images when addressing a largely illiterate audience. Here, Lutherans seemed to have basically the same attitude as Catholics, although they differed in the exact way the images were used. Both were ‘mass religions’, aiming at including the whole population and using whatever means necessary for this purpose. By contrast, Calvinism was an intellectual and elite religion, creating tight communities of true believers in accordance with the belief in Predestination. It has therefore been regarded as an important factor in modernization theories, from Weber’s explanation of capitalism to later theories of the link between Reformed Protestantism and modern science. Although there is little to indicate that pictures are an obstacle to science, the intellectual and elitist character of Reformed Protestantism may have contributed to the scientific revolution in the early modern period. Generally, the history of iconoclasm illustrates the fact that images are a powerful medium, particularly when most people are illiterate, and that a religion that abstains from this medium is faced with the challenge of finding a replacement for it.
Dignity encounters: the experiences of people with long-term illnesses and their close relatives within a primary healthcare setting
Authors: Nygren Zotterman Anna , Skär Lisa , Söderberg Siv
Published: November 2022

Aim:

To describe the experiences of dignity encounters from the perspective of people with long-term illness and their close relatives within a primary healthcare setting.

Background:

The importance of dignity as a concept in nursing care is well known, and in every healthcare encounter, the patient’s dignity has to be protected.

Methods:

A purposive sample of 10 people (5 couples) participated in this qualitative descripted study. One person in each of the couples had a long-term illness. Conjoint interviews were conducted and analyzed with an inductive qualitative content analysis.

Results:

The analysis resulted in three themes: i) Being supported by an encouraging contact; ii) Being listen to and understood; and iii) Being met with respect. Couples described being encountered with dignity as having accessibility to care in terms of being welcomed with their needs and receiving help. Accessibility promoted beneficial contact with healthcare personnel, who empowered the couples with guidance and support. Couples described a dignity encounter when healthcare personnel confirmed them as valuable and important persons. A dignity encounter was promoted their sense of feeling satisfied with the care they received and promoted safe care. Treated with dignity had a positive impact on the couples’ health and well-being and enhanced their sense of a good impression of the healthcare personnel within the primary health care.

Conclusions:

Healthcare personnel must regard and consider people with long-term illnesses and their close relatives’ experiences of dignity encounters to gain an understanding that enables them to support their needs and to know that the care is directed toward them.
A Variationist Sociolinguistic Analysis of Intensifiers in Oslo Norwegian
Authors: Stratton James M. , Sundquist John D.
Published: November 2022

The present study uses variationist sociolinguistic methods to examine the intensifier system in Oslo Norwegian. Results indicate that both linguistic and social factors influence intensifier use. Predicative adjectives were intensified more frequently than attributive adjectives, women used intensifiers more frequently than men, and younger speakers had higher intensification rates than older speakers. Apparent time analyses also reveal a change in progress toward the use of skikkelig ‘proper’, a change led predominantly by young women. Although veldig ‘very’ was the most frequently used intensifier, its use decreases in apparent time, whereas skikkelig increases in frequency among younger speakers. The development of the intensifier skikkelig appears to follow a common pathway of change from adjective to manner adjunct to degree adverb, as well as from appropriateness to intensification. Comparisons with work on English, German, and Norwegian reveal several crosslinguistic tendencies about the linguistic and social conditioning of intensifiers. This study provides the first variationist sociolinguistic analysis of intensifiers in Oslo Norwegian; it provides support for several crosslinguistic claims about intensifier use; and it contributes to the visibility of variationist sociolinguistic work in the study of Norwegian variation and change.
Patients’ spiritual concerns and needs and how to address them during advance care planning conversations: Healthcare chaplains’ perspectives
Authors: Kwak Jung , Bang So Hyeon , Rajagopal Shilpa , Dronamraju Neha , Handzo George , Hughes Brian P.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Advance care planning (ACP) conversations require the consideration of deeply held personal values and beliefs and the discussion of uncertainty, fears, and hopes related to current and future personal healthcare. However, empirical data are limited on how such spiritual concerns and needs are supported during ACP. This study explored board-certified healthcare chaplains’ perspectives of patients’ spiritual needs and support in ACP conversations.

Methods

An online survey of 563 board-certified chaplains was conducted from March to July 2020. The survey included 3 open-ended questions about patients’ hopes and fears and about how the chaplains addressed them during ACP conversations. Written qualitative responses provided by 244 of the chaplains were examined with content analysis.

Results

The majority of the 244 chaplains were White (83.6%), female (59%), Protestant (63.1%), and designated to one or more special care units (89.8%). Major themes on patients’ hopes and fears expressed during ACP were (1) spiritual, religious, and existential questions; (2) suffering, peace, and comfort; (3) focus on the present; (4) hopes and fears for family; and (5) doubt and distrust. Major themes on how chaplains addressed them were (1) active listening to explore and normalize fears, worries, and doubts; (2) conversations to integrate faith, values, and preferences into ACP; and (3) education, empowerment, and advocacy.

Significance of results

ACP conversations require deep listening and engagement to address patients’ spiritual needs and concerns – an essential dimension of engaging in whole-person care – and should be delivered with an interdisciplinary approach to fulfill the intended purpose of ACP.
Schulische Förderung bei Lese-Rechtschreibschwierigkeiten mit Lautarium
Authors: Konerding Marita , Bergström Kirstin , Lachmann Thomas , Klatte Maria
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: In Deutschland zeigen etwa 18 Prozent aller Grundschulkinder Defizite im Schriftspracherwerb. Ein möglichst früher Förderbeginn kann negativen Folgen für den Bildungsverlauf und die psychische Gesundheit der Kinder entgegenwirken. Mit Lautarium steht ein computerbasiertes, schriftsprachliches Förderprogramm zur Verfügung, das ein Training der Phonemwahrnehmung, phonologischen Bewusstheit und Graphem-Phonem-Zuordnung mit einem schriftsprachlichen Training kombiniert. Die Wirksamkeit konnte bereits in nicht-randomisierten Studien belegt werden. Methoden: In der randomisierten Studie wurde Lautarium zu Beginn der zweiten Klasse bei Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibschwierigkeiten eingesetzt. Die Trainingsgruppe ( N = 43) trainierte zehn Wochen im schulischen Unterricht (5 x pro Woche für ca. 30 Minuten), während die Kontrollgruppe ( N = 43) am regulären Unterricht teilnahm. Ergebnisse: Im Posttest zeigten sich signifikante Trainingserfolge in geringer bis mittlerer Effektstärke für die phonologische Bewusstheit sowie die Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen. Die Trainingseffekte lassen sich damit in einem randomisierten Design replizieren. Befragte Lehrkräfte berichteten eine motivierte und selbstständige Durchführung und schätzten das Anforderungsniveau der Übungsspiele als adäquat ein. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse belegen die Wirksamkeit einer grapho-phonologischen Förderung für Kinder, die bereits zu Beginn der schriftsprachlichen Entwicklung Minderleistungen zeigen.
Paleomagnetic Evidence for a Paleoproterozoic Rotational Assembly of the North Australian Craton in the Leadup to Supercontinent Formation
Authors: Kirscher U. , Mitchell R. N. , Liu Y. , Pisarevsky S. A. , Giddings J. , Li Z.‐X.
Published: November 2022

The kinematics of the Paleoproterozoic assembly of Earth's first supercontinent, Nuna, are still debated. We present new paleomagnetic results from two Paleoproterozoic rock formations in the North Australia Craton (NAC) that exemplify cratonic assembly processes in the leadup to Nuna formation. Our new paleomagnetic data for the 1,825 Ma Plum Tree Creek Volcanics of the proto‐NAC and the layered mafic‐ultramafic 1,855 Ma Toby intrusion of the Kimberley Craton suggest their amalgamation just prior to ca. 1.8 Ga through a scissor‐like ocean closure to form the NAC, in accord with geological records. Comparing these new results with extant poles from Australia and other major cratons suggests similarly minor relative plate motions between ca. 1.9 and 1.65 Ga during craton and supercontinent formation. A global reconstruction suggests that these events could be related to a major slab‐suction event leading to Nuna formation.
Modulation of Bubble‐Mediated CO2 Gas Transfer Due To Wave‐Current Interactions
Authors: Shin Youngmi , Deike Luc , Romero Leonel
Published: November 2022

Wave breaking modulates air‐sea fluxes of energy, momentum, heat, and gases. Building on recent advances in the modeling of CO2 gas exchange and wave breaking, we investigate the variability of bubble‐mediated gas transfer coefficients due to wave‐current interactions. Submesoscale current gradients strongly modulate wave breaking, which can enhance the bubble‐mediated gas transfer coefficient along temperature fronts and cold filaments. The enhancement of the gas transfer coefficient is over relatively small areas averaging out over larger regions. However, the correlation between positively anomalous gas transfer coefficients and regions with strong downwelling could potentially enhance CO2 exchange over regions with increased submesoscale activity. An empirical scaling based on the mean wave period, root‐mean‐square current gradients, and friction velocity can explain the root‐mean‐square differences of gas transfer coefficients computed from solutions with and without current forcing.
Moulin Density Controls the Timing of Peak Pressurization Within the Greenland Ice Sheet's Subglacial Drainage System
Authors: Mejia J. Z. , Gulley J. D. , Trunz C. , Covington M. D. , Bartholomaus T. C. , Breithaupt C. , Xie S. , Dixon T. H.
Published: November 2022

Links between hydrology and sliding of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) are poorly understood. Here, we monitored meltwater's propagation through the glacial hydrologic system for catchments at different elevations by quantifying the lag cascade as daily meltwater pulses traveled through the supraglacial, englacial, and subglacial drainage systems. We found that meltwater's residence time within supraglacial catchments—depending upon area, snow cover, and degree of channelization—controls the timing of peak moulin head, resulting in the 2 hr later peak observed at higher elevations. Unlike at lower elevations where peak moulin head and peak sliding coincided, at higher elevations peak sliding lagged peak moulin head by ∼2.8 hr. This delay was likely caused by the area's lower moulin density, which required diurnal pressure oscillations to migrate further into the distributed drainage system to elicit the observed velocity response. These observations highlight the supraglacial drainage system's control on coupling GrIS subglacial hydrology and sliding.
The Role of Anthropogenic Forcing in Western United States Hydroclimate Extremes
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gillies Robert
Published: November 2022

Despite lower‐than‐average total precipitation in the western states of the U.S., the 2021 “precipitation roller coaster” defined as large precipitation swings has pointed to a strong hydroclimatic intensity (HYINT). Here we examine the 2021 HYINT using an index—a product of the average precipitation intensity (INT) and dry spell length (DSL). HYINT exhibited an extremely high value in the western U.S. in 2021. INT and DSL contribute differently to the 2021 HYINT, with large spatial variability. Overall, the 2021 extreme HYINT in central California and Utah is tied more to large INT, than to DSL. Meanwhile, the historical trends in INT and DSL may have contributed to the extreme 2021 HYINT event. The fraction of attributable risk framework reveals that the 2021 extreme HYINT is more likely to occur with anthropogenic forcing (e.g., 7.3 times more likely for HYINT exceeding 1.3) than natural forcing alone.
What Determines the Shape of a Pine‐Island‐Like Ice Shelf?
Authors: Nakayama Yoshihiro , Hirata Toshiki , Goldberg Daniel , Greene Chad A.
Published: November 2022

Ice shelf shape directly controls ocean heat intrusions, melting near the grounding line, and buttressing. Little is known about what determines ice‐shelf shape because ice‐ocean coupled simulations typically aim at projecting Antarctica's contribution to sea‐level rise and they do not resolve small‐scale ice‐ocean interactive processes. We conduct ice‐ocean coupled simulations for an idealized high‐resolution, Pine‐Island‐like model configuration. We show that ocean melting and ice stretching caused by acceleration thin the ice shelf from the grounding line toward the ice shelf front, consistent with previous studies. In the across‐flow direction, ocean melting and ice advection cancel each other out and flatten the ice shelf. More than one‐third of the ice thinning from grounding line to ice front can be attributed to ocean melting at depths shallower than 500 m. Our results emphasize the importance of interactive processes between the entire ice shelf and the ocean for determining the ice shelf shape.
Dry Deposition Methods Based on Turbulence Kinetic Energy: 1. Evaluation of Various Resistances and Sensitivity Studies Using a Single‐Point Model
Authors: Alapaty Kiran , Cheng Bin , Bash Jesse , Munger J. William , Walker John T. , Arunachalam Saravanan
Published: November 2022

Different functions are used to account for turbulence strength in the atmospheric boundary layer for different stability regimes. These functions are one of the sources for differences among different atmospheric models' predictions and associated biases. Also, turbulence strength is underrepresented in some of the resistance formulations. To address these issues with dry deposition, firstly we take advantage of three‐dimensional (3‐D) turbulence information in estimating resistances by proposing and validating a 3‐D turbulence velocity scale that is relevant for different stability regimes of boundary layer. Secondly, we hypothesize and validate that friction velocity measured by 3‐D sonic anemometer can be effectively replaced by the new turbulence velocity scale multiplied by the von Karman constant. Finally, we (a) present a set of resistance formulations for ozone (O3) based on the 3‐D turbulence velocity scale; (b) intercompare estimations of such resistances with those obtained using existing formulations; and, (c) evaluate simulated O3 fluxes using a single‐point dry deposition model against long‐term observations of O3 fluxes at the Harvard Forest (MA) site. Results indicate that the new resistance formulations work very well in simulating surface latent heat and O3 fluxes when compared to respective existing formulations and measurements at a decadal time scale. Findings from this research may help to improve the capability of dry deposition schemes for better estimation of dry deposition fluxes and create opportunities for the development of a community dry deposition model for use in regional/global air quality models.
Th2 cells inhibit growth of colon and pancreas cancers by promoting anti-tumorigenic responses from macrophages and eosinophils
Authors: Jacenik Damian , Karagiannidis Ioannis , Beswick Ellen J.
Published: November 2022

Background

Immunotherapy of gastrointestinal cancers is challenging; however, several lines of evidence suggest that adoptive transfer of stimulated or modified immune cells support not only protective role of immune cells in tumor microenvironment, but actively participate in the elimination of cancer cells.

Methods

In vivo studies employing cancer cell-derived allograft murine models of gastrointestinal cancers were performed. The effects of T helper (Th) 2 cells on gastrointestinal cancers growth and tumor microenvironment composition using adoptive transfer of Th2 cells, interleukin (IL)-5 treatment, and immunofluorescence, multiplex and real-time PCR were explored.

Results

Here, we show that Th2 cells play an essential role in the inhibition of colon and pancreas cancers progression. In murine models of gastrointestinal tumors using adoptive transfer of Th2 cells, we identify that Th2 cells are responsible for generation of apoptotic factors and affect macrophage as well as eosinophil recruitment into tumors where they produce cytotoxic factors. Moreover, we found that Th2 cells lead to IL-5 hypersecretion, which links the anti-tumorigenic function of Th2 cells and eosinophils. Importantly, we noted that recombinant IL-5 administration is also related with inhibition of gastrointestinal tumor growth. Finally, using an in vitro approach, we documented that both Th2 cells and eosinophils are directly responsible for gastrointestinal cancer cell killing.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate the significance of Th2 cells, eosinophils and IL-5 in the inhibition of gastrointestinal tumor growth, and pointed toward tumor microenvironment reprogramming as a Th2 cell-mediated anti-tumorigenic mechanism of action.
Altered developmental programs and oriented cell divisions lead to bulky bones during salamander limb regeneration
Authors: Kaucka Marketa , Joven Araus Alberto , Tesarova Marketa , Currie Joshua D. , Boström Johan , Kavkova Michaela , Petersen Julian , Yao Zeyu , Bouchnita Anass , Hellander Andreas , Zikmund Tomas , Elewa Ahmed , Newton Phillip T. , Fei Ji-Feng , Chagin Andrei S. , Fried Kaj , Tanaka Elly M. , Kaiser Jozef , Simon András , Adameyko Igor
Published: November 2022

There are major differences in duration and scale at which limb development and regeneration proceed, raising the question to what extent regeneration is a recapitulation of development. We address this by analyzing skeletal elements using a combination of micro-CT imaging, molecular profiling and clonal cell tracing. We find that, in contrast to development, regenerative skeletal growth is accomplished based entirely on cartilage expansion prior to ossification, not limiting the transversal cartilage expansion and resulting in bulkier skeletal parts. The oriented extension of salamander cartilage and bone appear similar to the development of basicranial synchondroses in mammals, as we found no evidence for cartilage stem cell niches or growth plate-like structures during neither development nor regeneration. Both regenerative and developmental ossification in salamanders start from the cortical bone and proceeds inwards, showing the diversity of schemes for the synchrony of cortical and endochondral ossification among vertebrates.
Discrepancies between observations and climate models of large-scale wind-driven Greenland melt influence sea-level rise projections
Authors: Topál Dániel , Ding Qinghua , Ballinger Thomas J. , Hanna Edward , Fettweis Xavier , Li Zhe , Pieczka Ildikó
Published: November 2022

While climate models project that Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) melt will continue to accelerate with climate change, models exhibit limitations in capturing observed connections between GrIS melt and changes in high-latitude atmospheric circulation. Here we impose observed Arctic winds in a fully-coupled climate model with fixed anthropogenic forcing to quantify the influence of the rotational component of large-scale atmospheric circulation variability over the Arctic on the temperature field and the surface mass/energy balances through adiabatic processes. We show that recent changes involving mid-to-upper-tropospheric anticyclonic wind anomalies – linked with tropical forcing – explain half of the observed Greenland surface warming and ice loss acceleration since 1990, suggesting a pathway for large-scale winds to potentially enhance sea-level rise by ~0.2 mm/year per decade. We further reveal fingerprints of this observed teleconnection in paleo-reanalyses spanning the past 400 years, which heightens concern about model limitations to capture wind-driven adiabatic processes associated with GrIS melt.
Number selective sensorimotor neurons in the crow translate perceived numerosity into number of actions
Authors: Kirschhock Maximilian E. , Nieder Andreas
Published: November 2022

Translating a perceived number into a matching number of self-generated actions is a hallmark of numerical reasoning in humans and animals alike. To explore this sensorimotor transformation, we trained crows to judge numerical values in displays and to flexibly plan and perform a matching number of pecks. We report number selective sensorimotor neurons in the crow telencephalon that signaled the impending number of self-generated actions. Neuronal population activity during the sensorimotor transformation period predicted whether the crows mistakenly planned fewer or more pecks than instructed. During sensorimotor transformation, both a static neuronal code characterized by persistently number-selective neurons and a dynamic code originating from neurons carrying rapidly changing numerical information emerged. The findings indicate there are distinct functions of abstract neuronal codes supporting the sensorimotor number system.
Multiplexed and reproducible high content screening of live and fixed cells using Dye Drop
Authors: Mills Caitlin E. , Subramanian Kartik , Hafner Marc , Niepel Mario , Gerosa Luca , Chung Mirra , Victor Chiara , Gaudio Benjamin , Yapp Clarence , Nirmal Ajit J. , Clark Nicholas , Sorger Peter K.
Published: November 2022

High-throughput measurement of cells perturbed using libraries of small molecules, gene knockouts, or different microenvironmental factors is a key step in functional genomics and pre-clinical drug discovery. However, it remains difficult to perform accurate single-cell assays in 384-well plates, limiting many studies to well-average measurements (e.g., CellTiter-Glo®). Here we describe a public domain Dye Drop method that uses sequential density displacement and microscopy to perform multi-step assays on living cells. We use Dye Drop cell viability and DNA replication assays followed by immunofluorescence imaging to collect single-cell dose-response data for 67 investigational and clinical-grade small molecules in 58 breast cancer cell lines. By separating the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of drugs computationally, we uncover unexpected relationships between the two. Dye Drop is rapid, reproducible, customizable, and compatible with manual or automated laboratory equipment. Dye Drop improves the tradeoff between data content and cost, enabling the collection of information-rich perturbagen-response datasets.
An extracellular receptor tyrosine kinase motif orchestrating intracellular STAT activation
Authors: Vaparanta Katri , Jokilammi Anne , Tamirat Mahlet , Merilahti Johannes A. M. , Salokas Kari , Varjosalo Markku , Ivaska Johanna , Johnson Mark S. , Elenius Klaus
Published: November 2022

The ErbB4 receptor isoforms JM-a and JM-b differ within their extracellular juxtamembrane (eJM) domains. Here, ErbB4 isoforms are used as a model to address the effect of structural variation in the eJM domain of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) on downstream signaling. A specific JM-a-like sequence motif is discovered, and its presence or absence (in JM-b-like RTKs) in the eJM domains of several RTKs is demonstrated to dictate selective STAT activation. STAT5a activation by RTKs including the JM-a like motif is shown to involve interaction with oligosaccharides of N-glycosylated cell surface proteins such as β1 integrin, whereas STAT5b activation by JM-b is dependent on TYK2. ErbB4 JM-a- and JM-b-like RTKs are shown to associate with specific signaling complexes at different cell surface compartments using analyses of RTK interactomes and super-resolution imaging. These findings provide evidence for a conserved mechanism linking a ubiquitous extracellular motif in RTKs with selective intracellular STAT signaling.
Gating intermediates reveal inhibitory role of the voltage sensor in a cyclic nucleotide-modulated ion channel
Authors: Gao Xiaolong , Schmidpeter Philipp A. M. , Berka Vladimir , Durham Ryan J. , Fan Chen , Jayaraman Vasanthi , Nimigean Crina M.
Published: November 2022

Understanding how ion channels gate is important for elucidating their physiological roles and targeting them in pathophysiological states. Here, we used SthK, a cyclic nucleotide-modulated channel from Spirochaeta thermophila, to define a ligand-gating trajectory that includes multiple on-pathway intermediates. cAMP is a poor partial agonist for SthK and depolarization increases SthK activity. Tuning the energy landscape by gain-of-function mutations in the voltage sensor domain (VSD) allowed us to capture multiple intermediates along the ligand-activation pathway, highlighting the allosteric linkage between VSD, cyclic nucleotide-binding (CNBD) and pore domains. Small, lateral displacements of the VSD S4 segment were necessary to open the intracellular gate, pointing to an inhibitory VSD at rest. We propose that in wild-type SthK, depolarization leads to such VSD displacements resulting in release of inhibition. In summary, we report conformational transitions along the activation pathway that reveal allosteric couplings between key sites integrating to open the intracellular gate.
Pleiotropic genetic architecture and novel loci for C-reactive protein levels
Authors: Koskeridis Fotios , Evangelou Evangelos , Said Saredo , Boyle Joseph J. , Elliott Paul , Dehghan Abbas , Tzoulaki Ioanna
Published: November 2022

C-reactive protein is involved in a plethora of pathophysiological conditions. Many genetic loci associated with C-reactive protein are annotated to lipid and glucose metabolism genes supporting common biological pathways between inflammation and metabolic traits. To identify novel pleiotropic loci, we perform multi-trait analysis of genome-wide association studies on C-reactive protein levels along with cardiometabolic traits, followed by a series of in silico analyses including colocalization, phenome-wide association studies and Mendelian randomization. We find 41 novel loci and 19 gene sets associated with C-reactive protein with various pleiotropic effects. Additionally, 41 variants colocalize between C-reactive protein and cardiometabolic risk factors and 12 of them display unexpected discordant effects between the shared traits which are translated into discordant associations with clinical outcomes in subsequent phenome-wide association studies. Our findings provide insights into shared mechanisms underlying inflammation and lipid metabolism, representing potential preventive and therapeutic targets.
Social affective forecasting and social anhedonia in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a daily diary study
Authors: Shovestul Bridget , Saxena Abhishek , Reda Stephanie , Dudek Emily , Wu Chenwei , Lamberti J. Steven , Dodell-Feder David
Published: November 2022

Social anhedonia (SA) is a trait-like phenomenon observed across schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs). While in-the-moment social pleasure experiences are intact in SSDs, anticipatory pleasure experiences may be disrupted. Thus, the prediction of future emotions in social situations, or social affective forecasting (SAF), may play a role in SA. Therefore, we utilized daily diary methods to examine SAF in SSD and the association between SAF and SA in 34 SSD and 43 non-SSD individuals. SAF was calculated as the absolute difference between anticipatory and consummatory ratings of 13 positive and negative emotions for daily social interactions reported across eight days. Results suggest that individuals with SSDs are less accurate in forecasting negative, but not positive emotions, for future social interactions. Further, poorer forecasting accuracy of negative emotions were associated with elevated levels of SA and lower social pleasure. Together, these data suggest that inaccuracies in forecasting negative emotions may be a worthwhile intervention target for reducing SA in SSDs.
Ansatz-Independent Variational Quantum Classifiers and the Price of Ansatz
Authors: Miyahara Hideyuki , Roychowdhury Vwani
Published: November 2022

The paradigm of variational quantum classifiers (VQCs) encodes classical information as quantum states, followed by quantum processing and then measurements to generate classical predictions. VQCs are promising candidates for efficient utilizations of noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices: classifiers involving M-dimensional datasets can be implemented with only $$\lceil \log _2 M \rceil $$

⌈

log
2

M
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qubits by using an amplitude encoding. A general framework for designing and training VQCs, however, is lacking. An encouraging specific embodiment of VQCs, quantum circuit learning (QCL), utilizes an ansatz: a circuit with a predetermined circuit geometry and parametrized gates expressing a time-evolution unitary operator; training involves learning the gate parameters through a gradient-descent algorithm where the gradients themselves can be efficiently estimated by the quantum circuit. The representational power of QCL, however, depends strongly on the choice of the ansatz, as it limits the range of possible unitary operators that a VQC can search over. Equally importantly, the landscape of the optimization problem may have challenging properties such as barren plateaus and the associated gradient-descent algorithm may not find good local minima. Thus, it is critically important to estimate (i) the price of ansatz; that is, the gap between the performance of QCL and the performance of ansatz-independent VQCs, and (ii) the price of using quantum circuits as classical classifiers: that is, the performance gap between VQCs and equivalent classical classifiers. This paper develops a computational framework to address both these open problems. First, it shows that VQCs, including QCL, fit inside the well-known kernel method. Next it introduces a framework for efficiently designing ansatz-independent VQCs, which we call the unitary kernel method (UKM). The UKM framework enables one to estimate the first known computationally-determined bounds on both the price of ansatz and the price of any speedup advantages of VQCs: numerical results with datatsets of various dimensions, ranging from 4 to 256, show that the ansatz-induced gap can vary between 10 and 20$$\%$$
%
, while the VQC-induced gap (between VQC and kernel method) can vary between 10 and 16$$\%$$
%
. To further understand the role of ansatz in VQCs, we also propose a method of decomposing a given unitary operator into a quantum circuit, which we call the variational circuit realization (VCR): given any parameterized circuit block (as for example, used in QCL), it finds optimal parameters and the number of layers of the circuit block required to approximate any target unitary operator with a given precision.
Water provisioning increases caged worker bee lifespan and caged worker bees are living half as long as observed 50 years ago
Authors: Nearman Anthony , vanEngelsdorp Dennis
Published: November 2022

The high loss rates of honey bee colonies drive research for solutions aimed to mitigate these losses. While honey bee colonies are superorganisms, experiments that measure the response to stressors often use caged individuals to allow for inference in a controlled setting. In an initial experiment, we showed that caged honey bees provisioned with various types of water (deionized, 1%NaCl in deionized, or tap) have greater median lifespans than those that did not. While researching the history of water provisioning in cage studies, we observed that the median lifespan of caged honey bees has been declining in the US since the 1970’s, from an average of 34.3 days to 17.7 days. In response to this, we again turned to historical record and found a relationship between this trend and a decline in the average amount of honey produced per colony per year in the US over the last 5 decades. To understand the relationship between individual bee lifespan and colony success we used an established honey bee population model (BEEHAVE) to simulate the predicted effects of decreased worker lifespans. Declines in downstream measures of colony population, overall honey production, and colony lifespan resulted from reduced worker bee lifespans. Modeled colony lifespans allowed us to estimate colony loss rates in a beekeeping operation where lost colonies are replaced annually. Resulting loss rates were reflective of what beekeepers’ experience today, which suggests the average lifespan of individual bees plays an important role in colony success.
Curvature and van der Waals interface effects on thermal transport in carbon nanotube bundles
Authors: Valadkhani Mostafa , Chen Shunda , Kowsary Farshad , Benenti Giuliano , Casati Giulio , Allaei S. Mehdi Vaez
Published: November 2022

A van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure, can be used in efficient heat management, due to its promising anisotropic thermal transport feature, with high heat conductance in one direction and low conductance in the rest. A carbon nanotube (CNT) bundle, can be used as one of the most feasible vdW heterostructures in a wide range of nanoscale devices. However, detailed investigations of heat transport in CNT bundles are still lacking. In this paper, we study heat transport in different CNT bundles—homogeneous bundles consisting of the one CNT radius (curvature) and inhomogeneous bundles constructed from different CNTs with different curvatures. We also investigate the comparison between two possible thermostatting configurations: the two ends connected (TEC) case in which there is at least a direct covalently connected path between the hot and cold heat baths, and the one end connected (OEC) case in which the system can be divided at least into two parts, by a vdW interacting interface. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out for a wide range of configurations and curvature differences. We find that, in homogeneous bundles, by increasing the number of outer CNTs, the heat conductance increases. In inhomogeneous bundles, the total heat flux shows dependence on the difference between the curvature of the core and outer CNTs. The less the difference between the curvature of the core and the outer CNTs, the more the thermal conductance in the system. By investigating the spectral heat conductance (SHC) in the system, we found that a larger curvature difference between the core and outer CNTs leads to a considerable decrease in the contribution of 0–10 THz phonons in the bundled zone. These results provide an insightful understanding of the heat transport mechanism in vdW nano-heterostructures, more important for designing nanoelectronic devices as well as systems in which asymmetry plays a significant role.
Mathematical analysis of phototransduction reaction parameters in rods and cones
Authors: Takeda Yukari , Sato Kazuma , Hosoki Yukari , Tachibanaki Shuji , Koike Chieko , Amano Akira
Published: November 2022

Retinal photoreceptor cells, rods and cones, convert photons of light into chemical and electrical signals as the first step of the visual transduction cascade. Although the chemical processes in the phototransduction system are very similar to each other in these photoreceptors, the light sensitivity and time resolution of the photoresponse in rods are functionally different than those in the photoresponses of cones. To systematically investigate how photoresponses are divergently regulated in rods and cones, we have developed a detailed mathematical model on the basis of the Hamer model. The current model successfully reconstructed light intensity-, ATP- and GTP-dependent changes in concentrations of phosphorylated visual pigments (VPs), activated transducins (Tr*s) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in rods and cones. In comparison to rods, the lower light sensitivity of cones was attributed not only to the lower affinity of activated VPs for Trs but also to the faster desensitization of the VPs. The assumption of an intermediate inactive state, MIIi, in the thermal decay of activated VPs was essential for inducing faster inactivation of VPs in rods, and possibly also in cones.
Vasculature–function relationship in open-angle glaucomatous eyes with a choroidal microvasculature dropout
Authors: Lee Anna , Shin Joong Won , Lee Jin Yeong , Baek Min Su , Kook Michael S.
Published: November 2022

Identifying biomarkers associated with functional impairment is important in monitoring glaucoma patients. This retrospective cross-sectional study investigated the vasculature–function relationship in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes with choroidal microvasculature dropout (CMvD) versus in OAG eyes without. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography-derived circumpapillary (cpVD) and macular vessel densities (mVD) were measured in 159 early-stage OAG eyes (mean deviation >  −6 dB) in accordance with the presence or not of a CMvD. OCT-derived circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (cpRNFLT) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thicknesses (mGCIPLT) were also measured as reference standards. The vasculature (cpVD and mVD)–function [24-2 visual field mean sensitivity (VFMS) and central 10° VFMS (cVFMS)] and structure (cpRNFLT and mGCIPLT)–function (24-2 VFMS and cVFMS) relationships were compared using global and sectoral maps between OAG eyes with (CMvD+) and without CMvD (CMvD−). The CMvD+ eyes showed significantly steeper cpVD-24-2 VFMS and mVD-cVFMS correlations (P < 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the cpRNFLT-24-2 VFMS and mGCIPLT-cVFMS relationships between the two groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, OAG eyes with a CMvD have significantly stronger vasculature–function relationships than eyes without. Vessel density parameters may be useful biomarkers of disease progression in early-stage OAG patients with a CMvD.
Spectrally selective antireflection of nanoimprint lithography-formed 3D spherical structures on film coated with a silver layer
Authors: Chiou A. H. , Chang C. W. , Ting C. J.
Published: November 2022

We fabricate moth-eye antireflection (AR) coatings using high-resolution and low-cost UV nanoimprint lithography with polyethylene terphthalate (PET) molds. Several various thicknesses of silver films placed on the moth-eye structure were analyzed for reflectance and transmission. On PET, the conical nanostructured surface arrays had a spatial period length of approximately 250 nm, a diameter of approximately 200 nm, and a height of approximately 160 nm. After them, a silver (Ag) layer of 18 nm is deposited satisfactorily on the PET substrate surface. The never-ending moth-eye formations of the imprinted mold were fabricated by Ni mold electroplating, interference lithography, and replication. We found that an Ag layer of suitable thickness on AR film in the spectrum range that can be seen has high transmittance (Highest value is 72%) while in the infrared spectrum it has high reflectance (At least 60%). For an optical film with a silver coating has been placed on an anti-reflection subwavelength-structured (ASS) surface, such properties, including heat insulation, have obvious applications in windows for homes and vehicles.