bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of mandibular setback with or without maxillary advancement for class III skeletal correction on sleep‐related respiratory parameters: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Honglertnapakul Yanasinee , Peanchitlertkajorn Supakit , Likitkulthanaporn Ard , Saengfai Nuntinee Nanthavanich , Chaweewannakorn Chaiyapol , Boonpratham Supatchai
Published: April 2024

A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the impacts of mandibular setback with or without maxillary advancement for class III skeletal correction on respiratory parameters measured by polysomnography (PSG) and to compare these respiratory parameters between these procedures for class III skeletal correction. Six electronic databases were searched up to June 2023. Studies comparing PSG parameters before and after orthognathic surgery for skeletal class III patients were selected for further analysis. The outcomes of interest were apnoea–hypopnea index (AHI), respiratory disturbance index (RDI), the lowest oxygen saturation (lowest SpO2), the average oxygen saturation (mean SpO2), and the 3% oxygen desaturation index (3% ODI). Data extraction, methodological quality assessment, risk of bias assessment, meta‐analysis, and subgroup analysis were performed. Sixteen studies with a total of 476 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery for class III skeletal correction were included for meta‐analysis. The risk of bias level was moderate for most studies. All PSG parameters before and after orthognathic surgery were not significantly different. The different surgical procedures also did not significantly affect post‐operative PSG parameters. 5.8% of patients developed post‐operative obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Most of them underwent a large distance of mandibular setback. There is a moderate level of evidence that mandibular setback with or without maxillary advancement for class III skeletal correction does not pre‐dispose young and healthy patients to obstructive sleep apnoea when evaluated in the short term after surgery. However, post‐operatively developed OSA was found in several isolated cases that underwent a large amount of mandibular setback with or without maxillary advancement.
Unraveling Key m6A Modification Regulators Signatures in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis through Bioinformatics and Experimental Verification
Authors: Feng Zhi‐wei , Xiao He‐fang , Wang Xing‐wen , Niu Yong‐kang , Zhao Da‐cheng , Tian Cong , Wang Sheng‐hong , Peng Bo , Yang Fei , Geng Bin , Guo Ming‐gang , Sheng Xiao‐yun , Xia Ya‐yi
Published: April 2024

Objective

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) show significant potential for osteogenic differentiation. However, the underlying mechanisms of osteogenic capability in osteoporosis‐derived BMSCs (OP‐BMSCs) remain unclear. This study aims to explore the impact of YTHDF3 (YTH N6‐methyladenosine RNA binding protein 3) on the osteogenic traits of OP‐BMSCs and identify potential therapeutic targets to boost their bone formation ability.

Methods

We examined microarray datasets (GSE35956 and GSE35958) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify potential m6A regulators in osteoporosis (OP). Employing differential, protein interaction, and machine learning analyses, we pinpointed critical hub genes linked to OP. We further probed the relationship between these genes and OP using single‐cell analysis, immune infiltration assessment, and Mendelian randomization. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments validated the expression and functionality of the key hub gene.

Results

Differential analysis revealed seven key hub genes related to OP, with YTHDF3 as a central player, supported by protein interaction analysis and machine learning methodologies. Subsequent single‐cell, immune infiltration, and Mendelian randomization studies consistently validated YTHDF3's significant link to osteoporosis. YTHDF3 levels are significantly reduced in femoral head tissue from postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) patients and femoral bone tissue from PMOP mice. Additionally, silencing YTHDF3 in OP‐BMSCs substantially impedes their proliferation and differentiation.

Conclusion

YTHDF3 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of OP by regulating the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of OP‐BMSCs.
Paradox lost: wide gape in the Ordovician brachiopod Rafinesquina explains how unattached filter‐feeding strophomenoids thrived on muddy substrates
Authors: Dattilo Benjamin F. , Freeman Rebecca L. , Hartshorn Kyle , Peterman David , Morse Aaron , Meyer David L. , Dougan Lindsay G. , Hagadorn James W.
Published: April 2024

Strophomenoid brachiopods had thin, concavo‐convex shells, were ubiquitous colonizers of Palaeozoic muddy seafloors, and are hypothesized to have filter‐fed in a concave‐upward orientation. This orientation would elevate their line of commissure out of potentially lethal lophophore‐clogging mud. The paradox is that epibiont distributions on strophomenoids support a convex‐upward life position, as do studies of strophomenoid stability and trace fossils formed by strophomenoid sediment‐clearing. A premise of the concave‐upward orientation hypothesis is a narrow gape, which causes narrow, high velocity inhalant currents, leaving strophomenoids vulnerable to sediment entrainment. Herein we investigate the gape angle of Rafinesquina using serial thin sections and peels, silicified specimens, computer modelling, SEM analysis, x‐ray microCT, and 3D printing. Hinge line structure suggests that, conservatively, Rafinesquina could gape 40–45°. Such a gape occurred when diductor muscle contraction could not cause any further rotation, hinge teeth and crenulations were disengaged, and interareas interlocked. In contrast, when closed, hinge teeth were locked in hinge sockets. This wide gape eliminates constraints on feeding orientation. In either convex‐up or concave‐up orientation, Rafinesquina could feed with slow, diffuse inhalant currents incapable of disturbing sediment, and could snap valves shut to forcefully expel enough water to clear sediment from the mantle cavity, explaining previously described moat‐shaped trace fossils associated with shells. Our findings demonstrate that Rafinesquina gaped at an angle approximately equal to the angle between the two interareas when the valves are closed. Our analyses hint that other strophomenoids with similar interarea angles also lived with their shells widely agape.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DQA1*05:107 allele
Authors: Albert E. A. , Smirnova D. I. , Zobkova G. Y. , Smirnova A. V. , Volchkov P. Y.
Published: April 2024

Full length sequence characterisation of the novel HLA‐DQA1*05:107 allele from whole genome sequencing data.
Improved corneal clarity following lamellar keratectomy for corneal lipidosis in a canine with ocular manifestations of hypothyroidism
Authors: Schenk Alex P. , Gaerig Annora Sheehan , Reilly Christopher M.
Published: April 2024

Objective

To report the corneal clarity outcome following lamellar keratectomy of arcus lipoides corneae secondary to canine hypothyroidism and report a unique retinal manifestation of systemic disease.

Animal Studied

Four‐year‐old spayed female Sheepdog‐Poodle canine.

Procedure

Lamellar keratectomy OD.

Results

Bilateral severe arcus lipoides corneae was noted in the initial presentation. Bilateral, symmetric, and multifocal bullous retinal detachments were observed at subsequent visits. Biochemical testing revealed hyperlipidemia presumed to be associated with primary acquired thyroiditis. Corneal clarity and visual behaviors were significantly improved following unilateral lamellar keratectomy with no evidence of recurrence within the year following surgery. Bilateral retinal detachments and hyperlipidemia resolved months after initiation of thyroxine supplementation. Corneal lipidosis in the untreated eye remained static.

Conclusions

Lamellar keratectomy is a viable surgical option for the treatment of arcus lipoides corneae. Hypothyroidism should be considered a differential diagnosis for spontaneous, bilateral, multifocal, and serous retinal detachments.
Investigating biological performance, oviposition and diet preference of the twospotted spider mite feeding on various melon genotypes
Authors: Araújo Saraiva Wenner Vinicius , Sousa Neto Eduardo Pereira de , Da Silva Café Francisco Bruno , Queiroz Nazareno Lailla Sabrina , Araujo Silva Lincon Matheus , Rodrigues Muniz Celli , Guimarães Marcelo de Almeida , Da Silva Melo José Wagner , Dias-Pini Nívia da Silva
Published: April 2024

The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the most dangerous pests for many crops worldwide, including the melon. Here, we raise the hypothesis that the resistance of melon genotypes to the spider mite is associated with the morphological characteristics of the leaves. We determined (i) the feeding preference and oviposition suitability of T. urticae on four melon genotypes, (ii) various biological parameters and population growth rate (ri) of T. urticae on different melon genotypes, (iii) the leaf morphology of the melon genotypes, and (iv) the relationship between the leaf characteristics and resistance to T. urticae. In no choice tests, lower numbers of adults and eggs of T. urticae were found in the genotypes CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 11–1071-43, and CNPH 06-1047-341 compared to control (Goldex). Individuals that fed on CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 06–1047-341, and CNPH 11–1071-43 genotypes had a longer egg incubation time, longer development time, lower immature viability, longer time to reach adult stage (egg–adult) and lower instantaneous rate of increase compared to control. These findings are in line with the fact that these three genotypes had thicker epidermis and greater mesophyll thickness than control genotype “Goldex”. Even the genotypes CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 06–1047-341, and CNPH 11–1071-43 had higher trichome densities, this morphological characteristic was not related with the resistance to T. urticae. CNPH 06–1047-343, CNPH 06–1047-341, and CNPH 11–1071-43 showed antibiosis and antixenosis against T. urticae and that resistance of the melon to T. urticae wss associated with the greater thickness of the leaf epidermis and mesophyll.
Value Creation in a Coach Developer Social Learning Space: Stories of Openness and Making a Difference
Authors: Vinson Don , Bradshaw Andrew , Cale Andrew
Published: April 2024

Previous studies concerning coach developer learning have demonstrated notable deficiencies in the provision offered to practitioners, commonly reporting what they experienced was prescriptive instruction on how to deliver coach education courses—a practice starkly in contrast to the espoused theoretical underpinnings of the courses themselves. This Participatory and Appreciative Action and Reflection investigation aimed to better understand the value created for, and through, 10 participants recruited to a 9-month coach developer professional development program that was designed not to prescribe, but to guide, their learning. Data were collected through individual and group interviews, field notes, and professional discussions. Additionally, this study aimed to investigate the extent to which the identification of short and long value flows could provide insight into coach developer learning. Two main themes were constructed, namely (a) openness to finding new ways of developing others and (b) making a difference. Embracing the concepts of value creation, as well as short and long value flows, illuminated the importance of consideringcoach developers’ predispositions, nonprescribed guidance by program facilitators, and the power of value creation stories. These findings illustrate how value creation concepts can potentially help to understand coach developer learning.
Factors Affecting Women Sports Officials’ Intention to Leave Across Europe
Authors: Wicker Pamela , Cunningham George B. , Webb Tom
Published: April 2024

This study examines the factors affecting women officials’ intention to leave their chosen sport, including personal, work-related, and sociocultural factors. The empirical analysis is based on survey data of women officials in 69 different sports across Europe (n = 3,214). Overall, 10.7% of women expressed a turnover intention. Regression analyses indicate that this intention is higher for women who have more officiating experience (16–20 years), officiate at lower levels of sport (grassroots, junior), frequently experience abuse, and dislike the stress and time commitments of officiating, lack of support from the federation, and their lack of opportunity to progress. Younger women (≤24 years) with a mentor, who enjoy being part of a sport community and live in a more gender equal society are less likely to leave. The findings suggest that multiple factors are at work, which need to be addressed by sport managers to retain women in officiating roles.
Pre- and postnatal noise directly impairs avian development, with fitness consequences
Authors: Meillère Alizée , Buchanan Katherine L. , Eastwood Justin R. , Mariette Mylene M.
Published: April 2024

Noise pollution is expanding at an unprecedented rate and is increasingly associated with impaired reproduction and development across taxa. However, whether noise sound waves are intrinsically harmful for developing young—or merely disturb parents—and the fitness consequences of early exposure remain unknown. Here, by only manipulating the offspring, we show that sole exposure to noise in early life in zebra finches has fitness consequences and causes embryonic death during exposure. Exposure to pre- and postnatal traffic noise cumulatively impaired nestling growth and physiology and aggravated telomere shortening across life stages until adulthood. Consistent with a long-term somatic impact, early life noise exposure, especially prenatally, decreased individual offspring production throughout adulthood. Our findings suggest that the effects of noise pollution are more pervasive than previously realized.
Microbes and vitamin D aid immunotherapy
Authors: Franco Fabien , McCoy Kathy D.
Published: April 2024

Vitamin D modulates intestinal epithelial cell function to enhance antitumor microbes
In Science Journals
Authors: Lopez Bianca , Yeston Jake S. , Hurtley Stella M. , Funk Michael A. , Stajic Jelena , Vignieri Sacha , Baek Amy E. , Jiang Di , Kelly Priscilla N. , Berry Brandon , Fogg Christiana N.
Published: April 2024

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
In Other Journals
Authors: Ash Caroline , McCartney Melissa , Grocholski Brent , Maroso Mattia , Lopez Bianca , Walia Ankit , Osborne Ian S.
Published: April 2024

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
U.S. government in hot seat for cow flu outbreak response
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: April 2024

Veterinarians and researchers say it has taken too long to share data on viral changes, spread, and milk safety
Novel
Ralstonia
species from human infections: improved matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based identification and analysis of antimicrobial resistance patterns
Authors: Steyaert Stephanie , Peeters Charlotte , Wieme Anneleen D. , Muyldermans Astrid , Vandoorslaer Kristof , Spilker Theodore , Wybo Ingrid , Piérard Denis , LiPuma John J. , Vandamme Peter
Published: April 2024

A collection of 161
Ralstonia
isolates, including 90 isolates from persons with cystic fibrosis, 27 isolates from other human clinical samples, 8 isolates from the hospital environment, 7 isolates from industrial samples, and 19 environmental isolates, was subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identification and yielded confident species level identification scores for only 62 (39%) of the isolates, including four that proved misidentified subsequently. Whole-genome sequence analysis of 32 representative isolates for which no confident MALDI-TOF MS species level identification was obtained revealed the presence of seven novel
Ralstonia
species, including three and four that were isolated from cystic fibrosis or other human clinical samples, respectively, and provided the basis for updating an
in-house
MALDI-TOF MS database. A reanalysis of all mass spectra with the updated MALDI-TOF MS database increased the percentage of isolates with confident species level identification up to 77%. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 30 isolates mainly representing novel human clinical and environmental
Ralstonia
species was tested toward 17 antimicrobial agents and demonstrated that the novel
Ralstonia
species were generally multi-resistant, yet susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tigecycline. An analysis of genomic antimicrobial resistance genes in 32 novel and publicly available genome sequences revealed broadly distributed beta-lactam resistance determinants.

IMPORTANCE

The present study demonstrated that a commercial matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification database can be tailored to improve the identification of
Ralstonia
species. It also revealed the presence of seven novel
Ralstonia
species, including three and four that were isolated from cystic fibrosis or other human clinical samples, respectively. An analysis of minimum inhibitory concentration values demonstrated that the novel
Ralstonia
species were generally multi-resistant but susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tigecycline.
Improving inpatient paediatric de-labelling of allergies to beta-lactams: a quality improvement study
Authors: Wong Jacqueline , Atkinson Adelle , Timberlake Kathryn , Beck Carolyn E , Maguire Bryan , Science Michelle
Published: April 2024

Objective

To evaluate the implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship programme-led inpatient beta-lactam allergy de-labelling programme using a direct oral provocation test (OPT).

Design

One-year quality improvement study using a before–after design.

Setting

Free-standing tertiary care paediatric hospital.

Patients

Patients with a reported beta-lactam allergy admitted to the paediatric medicine inpatient unit.

Interventions

Following standardised assessment and risk stratification of reported symptoms, patients with a low-risk history were offered an OPT. Beta-lactam allergy labels were removed if a reported history was considered non-allergic or after successful OPT.

Main outcome measures

Removal of inappropriate beta-lactam allergy labels.

Results

80 patients with 85 reported beta-lactam allergies were assessed. Median age was 8.1 years (IQR 4.8–12.9) and 34 (42%) were female. The majority (n=55, 69%) had an underlying medical condition. Amoxicillin was the most reported allergy (n=25, 29%). Reported reactions were primarily dermatological (n=65, 77%). Half of participants (n=40) were ineligible for OPT, with equal proportions due to clinical reasons or the nature of the reported reaction. Of the 40 eligible patients, 28 patients (70%) were de-labelled either by history alone (n=10) or OPT (n=18). All OPTs were successful. De-labelling allowed five additional patients (11% of those receiving antibiotics) to receive the preferred beta-lactam. Including patients who were subsequently assessed in the allergy clinic, almost half of all evaluated patients were de-labelled (n=37, 46%).

Conclusions

An antimicrobial stewardship programme-led programme using a direct OPT was feasible and safe for expanding beta-lactam allergy de-labelling to paediatric patients admitted to the paediatric medicine inpatient unit.
Bilateral renal artery revascularisation in heart failure
Authors: Quilty Finny , Abel Alexandra Alice Irene , Clark Andrew Lawrence
Published: April 2024

Renal artery stenosis can complicate the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, as it is a conventional contraindication to the use of ACE inhibitors. We report a case in which bilateral renal artery revascularisation allowed the safe reintroduction of enalapril (and subsequently sacubitril valsartan) in a patient with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. There is a role for renal artery angioplasty in selected patients to allow optimal medical therapy for patients with heart failure due to impaired systolic function.
Rare and potentially lethal case of a round lesion in the lung
Authors: Deyaert Phaedra , Goeminne Pieter , Jerjir Naïm
Published: April 2024

A pulmonary venous aneurysm (PVA) is extremely rare. A PVA can be either congenital or acquired. Possible symptoms include thoracic pain, dyspnoea, haemoptysis and palpitations but can also occur asymptomatically. Treatment can be conservative or surgical depending on growth and risk of rupture or development of mitral insufficiency, symptoms and thrombus formation. Only a few cases have been described in the literature. A recent case study and a literature review are described below.
Rapid onset pembrolizumab-induced inflammatory arthritis diagnosed using musculoskeletal ultrasound
Authors: Harnden Kate , Di Matteo Andrea , Howell Keith , Mankia Kulveer
Published: April 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionised the treatment of cancer. While very effective, they commonly cause a wide spectrum of immune-related adverse events. These immune-related adverse events can be fatal and often have significant effects on quality of life. They therefore require prompt recognition and management. We report the case of a woman presenting with widespread joint pain and stiffness 6 hours after her first pembrolizumab infusion. She had no joint swelling on physical examination but an ultrasound scan revealed widespread musculoskeletal inflammation, confirming the diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fastest reported inflammatory arthritis onset following immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. It highlights the importance of timely imaging in patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors who present with new non-specific musculoskeletal pain. Her symptoms improved dramatically with intramuscular triamcinolone injection.
Vitamin B12deficiency presenting as neck pain and cervical radiculopathy
Authors: Mehta Ashin , Lynch Whitney , Jha Pinky
Published: April 2024

Vitamin B12is required for the formation of haematopoietic cells and the synthesis of myelin. Deficiency typically presents with fatigue and megaloblastic anaemia. Prolonged deficiency can cause neurological symptoms such as paresthesia, which can progress to subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. We describe an unusual presentation of B12deficiency in a young man who was initially diagnosed and treated for cervical radiculopathy. This case highlights the challenges of diagnosing B12deficiency in patients with neurologic but without haematologic, abnormalities. While the current incidence of B12deficiency in developed countries is low, cases are likely to rise with the increased adoption of veganism. Clinicians should be aware of the variable presentations of B12deficiency because delayed diagnosis and treatment increases morbidity and can cause irreversible neurological deficits.
Pelvic organ prolapse: self-management of pessaries can be a good option
Authors: Saul Helen , Deeney Brendan , Swaithes Laura , Bugge Carol , Hagen Suzanne , Kearney Rohna
Published: April 2024

The study

Hagen S, Kearney R, Goodman K, et al. Clinical effectiveness of vaginal pessary self-management vs clinic-based care for pelvic organ prolapse (TOPSY): a randomised controlled superiority trial.
eClinicalMedicine
2023;66:102326.

To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:
https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/pelvic-organ-prolapse-self-management-of-pessaries-can-be-a-good-option/
Is a smartphone application (BlueIce) acceptable and safe for university students who self-harm: an open study
Authors: Cliffe Bethany , Moore Emma , Whittle Kathryn , Stallard Paul
Published: April 2024

Background

Many university students self-harm but few receive support. Smartphone apps have been identified as acceptable sources of support for students who self-harm, but the use of supportive self-harm apps is yet to be explored in this population.

Objective

This study sought to explore the acceptability and safety of a specific app (BlueIce) for university students who self-harm.

Methods

This was an exploratory, mixed methods study with 15 university students attending university well-being services with self-harming thoughts and/or behaviours. BlueIce was offered alongside the face-to-face support provided by the well-being service. Self-harming thoughts and behaviours, coping self-efficacy, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured before and after using BlueIce for 6 weeks. Follow-up interviews were also undertaken to explore how students perceived BlueIce in more depth.

Results

Following app use, there were statistically significant reductions in symptoms of anxiety (baseline M 12.47, SD 4.42; follow-up M 10, SD 4.16) t(14)=2.26, p=0.040, d=0.58 and depression (baseline M 16.5, SD 5.17, follow-up M 12.27, SD 3.66) t(13)=5.50, p<0.001, d=1.47. Qualitative findings showed participants found BlueIce to be acceptable, safe and helpful, and reported that they were more able to cope with difficult feelings and better understand their self-harm triggers following use of the app.

Conclusion

BlueIce was an acceptable, safe and helpful source of support for university students struggling with self-harm thoughts and/or behaviours. This builds on previous findings with adolescents and suggests that BlueIce could be a particularly acceptable and helpful resource for university students.
Reduce intraoperative albumin utilisation in cardiac surgical patients: a quality improvement initiative
Authors: Savadjian André J , Taicher Brad M , La Jong ok , Podgoreanu Mihai , Miller Timothy E , McCartney Sharon , Raghunathan Karthik , Shah Nirav , Mamoun Negmeldeen
Published: April 2024

Background

Albumin continues to be used routinely by cardiac anaesthesiologists perioperatively despite lack of evidence for improved outcomes. The Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) data ranked our institution as one of the highest intraoperative albumin users during cardiac surgery. Therefore, we designed a quality improvement project (QIP) to introduce a bundle of interventions to reduce intraoperative albumin use in cardiac surgical patients.

Methods

Our institutional MPOG data were used to analyse the FLUID-01-C measure that provides the number of adult cardiac surgery cases where albumin was administered intraoperatively by anaesthesiologists from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2022. The QIP involved introduction of the following interventions: (1) education about appropriate albumin use and indications (January 2021), (2) email communications reinforced with OR teaching (March 2021), (3) removal of albumin from the standard pharmacy intraoperative medication trays (April 2021), (4) grand rounds presentation discussing the QIP and highlighting the interventions (May 2021) and (5) quarterly provider feedback (starting July 2021). Multivariable segmented regression models were used to assess the changes from preintervention to postintervention time period in albumin utilisation, and its total monthly cost.

Results

Among the 5767 cardiac surgery cases that met inclusion criteria over the 3-year study period, 16% of patients received albumin intraoperatively. The total number of cases that passed the metric (albumin administration was avoided), gradually increased as our interventions went into effect. Intraoperative albumin utilisation (beta=−101.1, 95% CI −145 to −56.7) and total monthly cost of albumin (beta=−7678, 95% CI −10712 to −4640) demonstrated significant decrease after starting the interventions.

Conclusions

At a single academic cardiac surgery programme, implementation of a bundle of simple and low-cost interventions as part of a coordinated QIP were effective in significantly decreasing intraoperative use of albumin, which translated into considerable costs savings.
Early integration of basic palliative care in cancer: scoping review of cross-sectorial models – components, facilitators, barriers
Authors: Swenne Johanna Ingrid Elin , Hansen Torben Frøstrup , Nissen Ricko Damberg , Steffensen Karina Dahl , Stie Mette , Søndergaard Jens , Jensen Lars Henrik
Published: April 2024

Background

Shared care between oncology specialists and general practice regarding the delivery of palliative care (PC) is necessary to meet the demands for a cohesive PC. The primary objective of this study is to investigate models of cross-sectorial integration between primary care and oncology specialists that have been developed to promote early and basic PC and factors influencing the process.

Method

A scoping review was conducted using publications dated up until April 2023. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Complementary searches were performed via reference lists and grey literature. Explicit early PC models aimed at patients with cancer aged ≥18 years with healthcare professionals from primary care and oncology constituted the inclusion criteria. The screening of the papers was performed independently by two reviewers. The reporting adheres to the extension for scoping reviews of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Results

The search provided 5630 articles of which six met the eligibility criteria, each describing a different model of early and cross-sectorial, integrated PC. 12 active components were identified. Education of staff as well as good communication and cooperation skills are essential factors to succeed with integrated, early PC.

Conclusion

Integration of PC between general practice and oncology specialists has potential. The components of basic PC have been established. Factors known to influence the process are trust, communication and a common goal. Further research is required into strategies for approaching different levels of integration.
An Intelligent Moving Object Segmentation Using Hybrid IFCM-CSS Clustering Model
Authors: Veera Raghavulu Vivaram , Prasad Ande
Published: April 2024

In this study, a novel hybrid deep clustering approach is proposed for the effective moving object segmentation. Initially, the data is collected, and the keyframe selection is performed using the threshold-based Kennard–Stone method. Then, the preprocessing step involves noise filtering using bilateral wavelet thresholding and binary color conversion. The blob detection is performed using normalized Laplacian of Gaussian. Finally, the segmentation of moving objects is performed using a hybrid clustering approach called improved fuzzy C-mean (IFCM) clustering with chaotic salp swarm (CSS) optimization algorithm (Hybrid IFCM-CSS). The overall evaluation is done in MATLAB. The performance of the hybrid IFCM-CSS is compared to other approaches based on some measures. The proposed Hybrid IFCM-CSS achieves the highest precision of 0.971, using the SBM-RGBD dataset.
Limit Cycles of the Discontinuous Piecewise Differential Systems Separated by a Nonregular Line and Formed by a Linear Center and a Quadratic One
Authors: Baymout Louiza , Benterki Rebiha , Llibre Jaume
Published: April 2024

During the last decades, the study of discontinuous piecewise differential systems has become an interesting subject of research due to the important applications of this kind of systems to model natural phenomena. In the qualitative theory of differential equations, one of the interesting problems is the detection of the number of limit cycles and their configurations which remains open to date, except for very particular families of differential equations. Here, we are inspired to study the maximum number of limit cycles of the discontinuous piecewise differential systems separated by a nonregular line and formed by a linear center and one of the four classes of quadratic centers. The main tool used to prove our main results is based on the first integrals of such systems. All the computations of this paper are verified using the algebraic manipulator Mathematica.
Developing an Innovative Imperfect Debugging Software Reliability Growth Model with Enhanced Testing Coverage Strategies
Authors: Nazir Rabia , Iqbal Javaid , Masoodi Faheem Syeed , Shrivastava Avinash K.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we introduce an innovative Software Reliability Growth Model (SRGM) designed to tackle the pivotal challenges associated with software reliability in the contemporary digital landscape, where the prevalence of online systems is ubiquitous. This SRGM integrates Imperfect Debugging (ID), Testing Coverage (TC), Testing Effort (TE), and error generation into a cohesive framework. Employing a sigmoid function to encapsulate TE, it incorporates three distinct TC functions: Delayed S-shaped, Exponential, and Logistic. This model relies on foundational assumptions, including the proportionality of fault detection rates to remaining faults, the introduction of new faults during debugging, and the intricate connection between fault detection and code coverage. The Mean Value Function (MVF) is computed through these differential equations, and the resultant MVFs are systematically tabulated for all models. An examination of the sigmoid TE function and the Weibull TE function across diverse datasets, utilizing a range of goodness-of-fit criteria including Mean Square Error (MSE), Pham’s Criterion (PC), Predictive Risk Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC), reveals the superior performance of the sigmoid TE function over the Weibull counterpart across various datasets and evaluation criteria. In conclusion, this paper introduces a groundbreaking SRGM that seamlessly integrates ID, TC, and TE, offering valuable insights for assessing software reliability in the dynamic landscape of modern digital systems.
A CHANGE OF MEASURE FORMULA FOR RECURSIVE CONDITIONAL EXPECTATIONS
Authors: DI PERSIO LUCA , GNOATTO ALESSANDRO , PATACCA MARCO
Published: April 2024

We derive a representation for the value process associated to the solutions of forward–backward stochastic differential equations in a jump-diffusion setting under multiple probability measures. Motivated by concrete financial problems, the latter representations are then applied to devise a generalization of the change of numéraire technique, allowing to obtain recursive pricing formulas in the presence of nonlinear funding terms due to e.g. collateralization agreements.
Fourier–Gegenbauer Pseudospectral Method for Solving Periodic Higher-Order Fractional Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Elgindy Kareem T.
Published: April 2024

Optimal control (OC) problems involve determining the best control strategy for a system to achieve the desired outcome. Fractional-order OC models have emerged in recent decades to represent complex systems that exhibit memory effects and nonlocal interactions. These models offer advantages over the traditional integer-order models. However, a key challenge with existing fractional calculus methods to define fractional derivatives, such as Riemann–Liouville, Caputo, and Grünwald–Letnikov derivatives, is that they often fail to maintain the periodic nature of dynamical systems. This limitation hinders their application to real-world scenarios, in which periodicity is crucial. This study proposes a novel model for periodic higher-order fractional OC problems (PHFOCPs). We achieve this by employing recently developed periodic fractional derivatives that specifically preserve the periodicity within the model. This study outlines also a robust numerical solution method for this new class of problems. The numerical method is applicable for any positive fractional order [Formula: see text] and leverages several key techniques, including a useful change of variables, Fourier collocation, and Fourier and Gegenbauer quadratures, to retain numerical stability and high accuracy. We theoretically prove the exponential convergence of the proposed numerical method for sufficiently smooth periodic functions. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is further validated through various numerical simulations. In essence, this work presents a novel framework for the OC of periodic systems using fractional calculus, overcoming the limitations of classical methods and offering a powerful tool for various scientific and engineering applications.
Bi-State Prediction Network Model for Mixed Traffic Congestion Prediction
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Kranti
Published: April 2024

Forecasting traffic congestion has become an important issue than ever before. Information provided by traffic congestion prediction methods becomes helpful to traffic management agencies to take suitable actions in due time. On the other hand, with prior information, passengers can plan their trip routes accordingly. In this paper, we tackle the problem of mixed traffic congestion prediction and develop a new Bi-State Prediction Network (BiSPNet). Two heads form BiSPNet. Each head information passed through the layers of three-dimensional convolution (Conv3D), two-dimensional convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM2D), and two-dimensional convolution (Conv2D). Then the dense layer merges both head outputs. These layers capacitate the model to capture the characteristics of multiple inputs. The proposed model is validated by the ground truth data collected by the video cameras installed on the roadways in Delhi, India. Experimental results confirm that the prediction accuracy of the BiSPNet model surpasses that of several state-of-the-art benchmark models. In particular, the BiSPNet reduces mean absolute error by 53.23%, 40.95%, and 0.38%, respectively, in congestion score prediction for 5, 10, and 15-min time horizons compared to the mixed deep learning network (MDLNet). The source data and code can be accessed on GitHub at the following link: https://github.com/amanojup/ .
A Modified Sine Cosine Algorithm for Numerical Optimization
Authors: Xiong Yan , Cheng Jiatang
Published: April 2024

Sine cosine algorithm (SCA) is a recently developed meta-heuristic method based on the characteristics of sine and cosine functions. However, SCA algorithm may suffer premature convergence in solving complex optimization problems. To mitigate this limitation, a modified SCA (MSCA) is developed to achieve an effective balance between exploration and exploitation. Specifically, the conversion parameter can be configured adaptively by using the individual fitness information in the evolution process to guide the individual search behavior. After that, an inertia weight is embedded in the position updating equation to further improve the search accuracy and accelerate the convergence speed. The performance of MSCA algorithm is investigated on 13 benchmark functions and the chaotic time series prediction problem. Experimental results demonstrate that MSCA algorithm is more effective than the other optimization methods.
Optimizing Anode GDL of Polymer Fuel Cells for Improving Performance at Low Humidity
Authors: Li Min , Xu Chongcai , Li Tianya , Lin Guangyi
Published: April 2024

In order to improve the performance of polymer fuel cells in low-humidity environments. This paper investigates the anode gas diffusion layer (GDL), uses carbon black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as conductive and hydrophobic materials, NH4HCO3 as pore-forming agent. Anode GDL with dual MPL structure was prepared by the spraying method, and dual MPL has gradient hydrophobicity and pore-sized structure, which greatly ensures high efficiency in the water transport process. This has been tested for polarization curves, power density, electrochemical impedance, SEM, roughness, water contact angle, resistivity, etc. It was found that when the total thickness of MPL is 80 [Formula: see text]m, the thickness of the first layer of MPL is 20 [Formula: see text]m, and the second layer of MPL is 60 [Formula: see text]m, which can achieve good electrochemical performance. When humidity is 40%, the power density is higher than SGL29BC, and the current density can reach 1700 mA/cm2(Pt[Formula: see text]0.2 mg/cm[Formula: see text]. It is concluded that anode GDL with gradient pore size and gradient hydrophobicity can improve the performance of polymer fuel cells at low humidity (40%), and can enhance the water management ability of cathode GDL.
Orientation-dependent tunneling electroresistance in Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Nb:SrTiO3 ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Ding Chunyan , Zheng Chunyan , Zheng Weijie , Dong Chenyu , Yu Yahui , Wen Zheng
Published: April 2024

Orientation anisotropy is a well-known essential character for polarization characteristics of ferroelectric materials, which has been widely investigated in conventional ferroelectric random access memories. In this work, we study the effects of orientation on the tunneling electroresistance (TER) of ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs). Rhombohedral Pb(Zr[Formula: see text],Ti[Formula: see text])O3 (PZT) that has the polar axis along the [Formula: see text] orientation is adopted as potential barriers and two kinds of FTJs that are composed of (001)- and (111)-oriented PZT barriers and Nb:SrTiO3 (Nb:STO) electrodes, respectively, are fabricated. The (111)-oriented Pt/PZT/Nb:STO FTJ exhibits a giant ON/OFF ratio of [Formula: see text], about 30 times that of the (001)-oriented device, due to the lowered PZT barrier in the ON state and the widen Schottky barrier in the OFF state based on current and capacitance analyses. In addition, compared to the (001)-oriented device, the (111)-oriented FTJ shows a sharper and faster switching between the ON and OFF states according to the nucleation-limited-switching dynamics model, giving rise to good linearity in memristive behaviors for synaptic plasticity and reliable retention and endurance properties for the resistance switching. The improved TER properties are ascribed to larger effective polarizations and 180∘ switching in the (111)-oriented PZT barrier. These results facilitate the design and fabrication of high-performance FTJ devices with the optimization of crystallographic orientation and polarization switching characteristics.
Multifunctional Material Building Blocks from Plant Pollen
Authors: Zhou Chenchen , Deng Jingyu , Tay Jie Hao , Basu Snehasish , Yang Jueying , Li Jian , Yang Chungmo , Zhao Ze , Cho Nam-joon
Published: April 2024

With its multifaceted nature, plant pollen serves not only as a key element in the reproductive cycle of seed plants but also as an influential contributor to environmental, human health, safety, and climate-related concerns. Pollen functions as a carrier of nutrients and organisms and holds a pivotal role in sustaining pollinator populations. Moreover, it is vital in ensuring the safety and quality of our food supply while presenting potential therapeutic applications. Pollen, often referred to as the diamond of the organic world due to its distinctive physical structures and properties, has been underappreciated from a material science and engineering standpoint. We propose adopting a more interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach to its study. Recent groundbreaking research has focused on the development of pollen-based building blocks that transform practically indestructible plant pollen into microgel, paper, and sponge, thereby unveiling numerous potential applications. In this review, we highlight the transformative potential of plant pollen as it is converted into a variety of building blocks, thereby unlocking myriad prospective applications through eco-friendly processing.
Experiments About Institutions
Authors: Callen Michael , Weigel Jonathan L. , Yuchtman Noam
Published: April 2024

Institutions are a key determinant of economic growth, but the critical junctures in which institutions can change are not precisely defined. For example, such junctures are often identified ex post, raising several methodological problems: a selection on the outcome of institutional change; an inability to study beliefs, which are central to coordination and thus the process of institutional change; and an inability to conduct experiments to identify causal effects. We argue that critical junctures are identifiable in real time as moments of deep uncertainty about future institutions. Consistent with this conception, the papers reviewed (a) examine changes to institutions, i.e., the fundamental rules of the game; (b) are real-time studies of plausible critical junctures; and (c) use field experiments to achieve causal identification. We also advocate for more systematic measurement of beliefs about future institutions to identify critical junctures as they happen and provide an empirical proof of concept. Such work is urgent given contemporary critical junctures arising from democratic backsliding, state fragility, climate change, and conflicts over the rights of the marginalized.
Beyond the Human Genome Project: The Age of Complete Human Genome Sequences and Pangenome References
Authors: Taylor Dylan J. , Eizenga Jordan M. , Li Qiuhui , Das Arun , Jenike Katharine M. , Kenny Eimear E. , Miga Karen H. , Monlong Jean , McCoy Rajiv C. , Paten Benedict , Schatz Michael C.
Published: April 2024

The Human Genome Project was an enormous accomplishment, providing a foundation for countless explorations into the genetics and genomics of the human species. Yet for many years, the human genome reference sequence remained incomplete and lacked representation of human genetic diversity. Recently, two major advances have emerged to address these shortcomings: complete gap-free human genome sequences, such as the one developed by the Telomere-to-Telomere Consortium, and high-quality pangenomes, such as the one developed by the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium. Facilitated by advances in long-read DNA sequencing and genome assembly algorithms, complete human genome sequences resolve regions that have been historically difficult to sequence, including centromeres, telomeres, and segmental duplications. In parallel, pangenomes capture the extensive genetic diversity across populations worldwide. Together, these advances usher in a new era of genomics research, enhancing the accuracy of genomic analysis, paving the path for precision medicine, and contributing to deeper insights into human biology.
Learning, Fast and Slow: Single- and Many-Shot Learning in the Hippocampus
Authors: Liao Zhenrui , Losonczy Attila
Published: April 2024

The hippocampus is critical for memory and spatial navigation. The ability to map novel environments, as well as more abstract conceptual relationships, is fundamental to the cognitive flexibility that humans and other animals require to survive in a dynamic world. In this review, we survey recent advances in our understanding of how this flexibility is implemented anatomically and functionally by hippocampal circuitry, during both active exploration (online) and rest (offline). We discuss the advantages and limitations of spike timing–dependent plasticity and the more recently discovered behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity in supporting distinct learning modes in the hippocampus. Finally, we suggest complementary roles for these plasticity types in explaining many-shot and single-shot learning in the hippocampus and discuss how these rules could work together to support the learning of cognitive maps.
Resting-state MRI reveals spontaneous physiological fluctuations in the kidney and tracks diabetic nephropathy in rats
Authors: Baldelomar Edwin J. , Morozov Darya , Wilson Leslie D. , Eldeniz Cihat , An Hongyu , Charlton Jennifer R. , Bauer Adam Q. , Keilholz Shella D. , Hulbert Monica L. , Bennett Kevin M.
Published: April 2024

This work demonstrates the development and use of resting-state MRI to detect low-frequency, spontaneous physiological fluctuations in the kidney consistent with previously observed fluctuations in perfusion and potentially due to autoregulatory function. These fluctuations are detectable in rat and human kidneys, and the power of these fluctuations is affected by diabetic nephropathy in rats.