bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The kynurenine and serotonin pathway, neopterin and biopterin in depressed children and adolescents: an impact of omega-3 fatty acids, and association with markers related to depressive disorder. A randomized, blinded, prospective study
Authors: Ilavská Lucia , Morvová Marcela , Paduchová Zuzana , Muchová Jana , Garaiova Iveta , Ďuračková Zdenka , Šikurová Libuša , Trebatická Jana
Published: February 2024

Depressive disorder is a severe mental condition. In addition to genetic factors, immunological-inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and disturbances in neurotransmitter metabolism, kynurenine and serotonin pathways may play a role. The exact mechanisms, especially in depressed children and adolescents, are not fully understood. Our primary hypothesis was whether the metabolites of tryptophan degradation in children and adolescents with depressive disorder might be influenced by omega-3 FAs compared to omega-6 FAs during a 12-week supplementation. A secondary hypothesis was to investigate whether tryptophan metabolites in children and adolescents are associated with markers of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cortisol, and the serum omega-6/omega-3 FA ratio. Metabolites of tryptophan degradation and pteridines, neopterin, and biopterin in urine were analyzed with an HPLC system. Surprisingly, omega-3 FAs stimulated both kynurenine (kynurenine/tryptophan ratio) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan) pathways, whereas omega-6 FAs only increased the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio. Neopterin and biopterin were not different from the healthy controls. Biopterin increased after omega-3 FA supplementation. Serotonin was positively correlated with lipoperoxidation and a marker of oxidative protein damage. Of the monitored tryptophan metabolites, only 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid was positively correlated with the severity of depression, total cholesterol, and negatively with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glutathione peroxidase. In conclusion, in children and adolescents, both supplemented FAs stimulated the kynurenine pathway (kynurenine/tryptophan ratio) and kynurenine formation. However, the serotonin pathway (5-hydroxytryptophan) was stimulated only by omega-3 FA. Tryptophan metabolism is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, total cholesterol, and cortisol. We are the first to point out the association between the kynurenine pathway (KYN/TRP ratio) and the omega-6/omega-3 FA ratio. The metabolite 5-HIAA could play a role in the pathophysiology of depressive disorder in children and adolescents.

Clinical Trial Registration

https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN81655012, identifier ISRCTN81655012.
Human cloning as reproductive means in future: a qualitative thematic study of underpinning values
Authors: Castelyn Camille , Van Staden Werdie , Pepper Michael S.
Published: February 2024

Background and objective

The possibility of using human cloning to reproduce has been met with unease, shock, and prohibition in many countries, as well as the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology and the World Health Organization. Exploring the value judgments that underpin these and other responses to reproductive human cloning (RHC) was the objective of this study.

Methods

In a qualitative design, this study explored values in their variety underpinning responses to RHC by conducting individual semi-structured in-depth interviews among nine scholars who were purposively sampled for contributing various perspectives. Thematic analysis was used to uncover qualitative contents systematically.

Results

Regulation of RHC, the first theme, was valued highly but this should become more sophisticated than plain prohibition and draw on accountable societal engagement that is well-informed by current knowledge and further research, rather than be misled by for example the mistaken assumption that cloned offspring would be exact replicas. The second theme was about potential consequences of RHC for which engagement and regulations should account. It concerns the valuing of the personhood and dignity of offspring from RHC, and averting exploitation and potential unwanted societal consequences. In the third theme, participants valued the individual’s freedom to choose and reproduce.

Conclusion

Recognizing the needs among people who cannot reproduce in other ways, the agenda for the societal engagement on RHC suggested by this study is extensive and challenging. It includes that potential consequences should be pre-empted, exploitation of RHC be averted, criteria of acceptability and non-acceptability of using RHC be developed, and the limits to the use of RHC be articulated in accordance with technological constraints and the values, resources and preparedness of societies.
Influence of loneliness burden on cardio-cerebral vascular disease among the Chinese older adult: a national cohort study
Authors: Wu Dishan , Hu Xing , Meng Lingbing , Li Jianyi , Xu Jiapei , Zhang Luyao , Ma Qinan , Li Hui , Zeng Xuezhai , Li Juan , Zhang Qiuxia , Liu Deping
Published: February 2024

Background

Adverse psychosocial factors play an important role in cardio-cerebral vascular disease (CCVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the cumulative burden of loneliness on the risk of CCVD in the Chinese older adult.

Methods

A total of 6,181 Chinese older adult over the age of 62 in the monitoring survey of the fourth Sample Survey of the Aged Population in Urban and Rural China (SSAPUR) were included in this study. The loneliness cumulative burden (scored by cumulative degree) was weighted by the loneliness score for two consecutive years (2017–2018) and divided into low- and high-burden groups. The outcome was defined as the incidence of CCVD 1 year later (2018–2019). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between the cumulative burden of loneliness and the new onset of CCVD.

Results

Among participants, 18.9% had a higher cumulative burden of loneliness, and 11.5% had a CCVD incidence within 1 year. After multivariate adjustment, the risk of developing CCVD in the high-burden group was approximately 37% higher than that in the low-burden group (OR 1.373, 95%CI 1.096–1.721; p = 0.006). Similar results were obtained when calculating the burden based on cumulative time. Longitudinal change in loneliness was not significantly associated with an increased risk of CCVD. A higher cumulative burden of loneliness may predict a higher risk of developing CCVD in older adult individuals aged 62–72 years or in those with diabetes.

Conclusion

The cumulative burden of loneliness can be used to assess the risk of new-onset CCVD in the older adult in the short term.
The effect of insulin resistance in the association between obesity and hypertension incidence among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: data from China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)
Authors: Niu Ze-Jiaxin , Cui Ying , Wei Tian , Dou Meng , Zheng Bing-Xuan , Deng Ge , Tian Pu-Xun , Wang Yang
Published: February 2024

Background and aims

Obesity and insulin resistance are well-known important risk factors for hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) in the association between Chinese visceral obesity index (CVAI) and hypertension among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

A total of 10,322 participants aged 45 years and older from CHARLS (2011–2018) were included. Baseline data were collected in 2011 and hypertension incidence data were gathered during follow-up in 2013, 2015 and 2018. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the association of CVAI and TyG with the incidence of hypertension. Additionally, mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the mediating role of the TyG index in the relationship between CVAI and hypertension. Subgroup analysis was also performed.

Results

A total of 2,802 participants developed hypertension during the follow-up period. CVAI and TyG index were independently and significantly associated with hypertension incidence. Increasing quartiles of CVAI and TyG index were associated with high hypertension incidence in middle-aged and older adults. The TyG index was identified as a mediator in the relationship between CVAI and hypertension incidence, with a mediation effect (95% confidence interval) was 12.38% (6.75, 31.81%).

Conclusion

Our study found that CVAI and TyG were independently associated with hypertension incidence. TyG played a partial mediating effect in the positive association between CVAI and hypertension incidence.
Physics-informed differentiable method for piano modeling
Authors: Simionato Riccardo , Fasciani Stefano , Holm Sverre
Published: February 2024

Numerical emulations of the piano have been a subject of study since the early days of sound synthesis. High-accuracy sound synthesis of acoustic instruments employs physical modeling techniques which aim to describe the system’s internal mechanism using mathematical formulations. Such physical approaches are system-specific and present significant challenges for tuning the system’s parameters. In addition, acoustic instruments such as the piano present nonlinear mechanisms that present significant computational challenges for solving associated partial differential equations required to generate synthetic sound. In a nonlinear context, the stability and efficiency of the numerical schemes when performing numerical simulations are not trivial, and models generally adopt simplifying assumptions and linearizations. Artificial neural networks can learn a complex system’s behaviors from data, and their application can be beneficial for modeling acoustic instruments. Artificial neural networks typically offer less flexibility regarding the variation of internal parameters for interactive applications, such as real-time sound synthesis. However, their integration with traditional signal processing frameworks can overcome this limitation. This article presents a method for piano sound synthesis informed by the physics of the instrument, combining deep learning with traditional digital signal processing techniques. The proposed model learns to synthesize the quasi-harmonic content of individual piano notes using physics-based formulas whose parameters are automatically estimated from real audio recordings. The model thus emulates the inharmonicity of the piano and the amplitude envelopes of the partials. It is capable of generalizing with good accuracy across different keys and velocities. Challenges persist in the high-frequency part of the spectrum, where the generation of partials is less accurate, especially at high-velocity values. The architecture of the proposed model permits low-latency implementation and has low computational complexity, paving the way for a novel approach to sound synthesis in interactive digital pianos that emulates specific acoustic instruments.
Toward system innovation for more sustainable chemistry: insights into consumers’ perceptions, knowledge, and behavior related to traceability and product design strategies along leather supply chains
Authors: Eisen Charis , Schenten Julian , Theis Anna , Rehn-Groenendijk Jonas , Helferich Marvin , Müller Helena , Hanss Daniel
Published: February 2024

The leather industry is a complex system with multiple actors that faces a fundamental transition toward more sustainable chemistry. To support this process, this article analyzes challenges of the industry and consumers’ roles as a nexus of transition-relevant developments. We present findings of an empirical study (N = 439) among consumers on their perception of leather, related knowledge, and purchasing behavior. We found that participants perceived leather as natural, robust, and of high quality. Knowledge about the manufacturing of leather products was overall limited but varied. Applying a psychological behavior theory, we found that being aware of environmental and health consequences from conventional manufacturing of leather products was positively associated with a personal norm to purchase leather products that are less harmful to environment and health. The perceived ease of buying such products was positively associated with their purchase. Our findings shed light on consumers’ roles in the current leather system and their support of niche innovations toward more sustainable chemistry. Against this backdrop, we discuss implications for product design, consumer information, and needs for traceability along supply chains.
An examination of studies related to the sport of curling: a scoping review
Authors: Zacharias Emily , Robak Nicole , Passmore Steven
Published: February 2024

Introduction

There has been growth in research in the sport of curling over the past few decades. The need for a scoping review is warranted. This study's purpose was to identify and synthesize research evidence regarding quantitative variables for a series of components within the sport of curling.

Methods

A scoping review of studies published and established within four databases was performed. One independent reviewer selected studies based on a systematic procedure. Inclusion criteria for studies were: (1) interventions that focused on the sport of curling; (2) quantitative in nature; (3) written in English; and (4) published within a peer-reviewed journal, a conference presentation, or a published thesis.

Results

Searching identified 8,467 articles and 94 met the inclusion criteria. Data were organized and synthesized based on the devised research variables from the sport of curling: The curl mechanism of the curling stone; the impact of sweeping on stone trajectory; curling delivery mechanics; wheelchair curling; technology analysis; strategy and tactics; psychological factors; injury occurrences; facility and arena infrastructure; and assessment of curling training and ability. The findings confirm the strong knowledge base that exists across game variables and unveil controversy between the underlying physics that produces curl, as well as the mechanisms of sweeping responsible for manipulating the stone trajectory.

Conclusions

Knowledge derived from this review can assist researchers, coaches, and curlers in addressing the specific variables of the sport that influence stone trajectory and game results. Such awareness will expose gaps in the current understanding and foster new research endeavors to further the knowledge of the sport.
Characteristics of non-exercise activity thermogenesis in male collegiate athletes under real-life conditions
Authors: Goshozono Mika , Miura Nozomi , Torii Suguru , Taguchi Motoko
Published: February 2024

Athletes experience high total energy expenditure; therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of the components contributing to this expenditure. To date, few studies have examined particularly the volume and activity intensity of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) in athletes compared to non-athletes under real-life conditions. This study aimed to determine the volume and intensity of NEAT in collegiate athletes. Highly trained Japanese male collegiate athletes (n = 21) and healthy sedentary male students (n = 12) participated in this study. All measurements were obtained during the athletes' regular training season under real-life conditions. NEAT was calculated using metabolic equivalent (MET) data using an accelerometer. The participants were asked to wear a validated triaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Physical activity intensity in NEAT was classified into sedentary (1.0–1.5 METs), light (1.6–2.9 METs), moderate (3.0–5.9 METs), and vigorous (≥6 METs) intensity. NEAT was significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes (821 ± 185 kcal/day vs. 643 ± 164 kcal/day, p = 0.009). Although there was no significant difference in NEAT values relative to body weight (BW) between the groups (athletes: 10.5 ± 1.7 kcal/kg BW/day, non-athletes: 10.4 ± 2.2 kcal/kg BW/day, p = 0.939), NEAT to BW per hour was significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes (0.81 ± 0.16 kcal/kg BW/h vs. 0.66 ± 0.12 kcal/kg BW/h, p = 0.013). Athletes spent less time in sedentary and light-intensity activities and more time in vigorous-intensity activities than non-athletes (p < 0.001, p = 0.019, and p = 0.030, respectively). Athletes expended more energy on vigorous- and moderate-intensity activities than non-athletes (p = 0.009 and p = 0.011, respectively). This study suggests that athletes' NEAT relative to BW per day is similar to that of non-athletes, but athletes spend less time on NEAT, which makes them more active in their daily lives when not exercising and sleeping.
Effects of cage vs. net-floor mixed rearing system on goose spleen histomorphology and gene expression profiles
Authors: Chen Qingliang , Song Yang , He Zhiyu , Yang Guang , Wang Junqi , Li Xiaopeng , Wang Wanxia , Yuan Xin , Hu Jiwei , He Hua , Li Liang , Wang Jiwen , Hu Shenqiang
Published: February 2024

Due to the demands for both environmental protection and modernization of the goose industry in China, the traditional goose waterside rearing systems have been gradually transitioning to the modern intensive dryland rearing ones, such as the net-floor mixed rearing system (MRS) and cage rearing system (CRS). However, the goose immune responses to different dryland rearing systems remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate and compare the age-dependent effects of MRS and CRS on the splenic histomorphological characteristics and immune-related genes expression profiles among three economically important goose breeds, including Sichuan White goose (SW), Gang goose (GE), and Landes goose (LD). Morphological analysis revealed that the splenic weight and organ index of SW were higher under CRS than under MRS (p < 0.05). Histological observations showed that for SW and LD, the splenic corpuscle diameter and area as well as trabecular artery diameter were larger under MRS than under CRS at 30 or 43 weeks of age (p < 0.05), while the splenic red pulp area of GE was larger under CRS than under MRS at 43 weeks of age (p < 0.05). Besides, at 43 weeks of age, higher mRNA expression levels of NGF, SPI1, and VEGFA in spleens of SW were observed under MRS than under CRS (p < 0.05), while higher levels of HSPA2 and NGF in spleens of LD were observed under MRS than under CRS (p < 0.05). For GE, there were higher mRNA expression levels of MYD88 in spleens under CRS at 30 weeks of age (p < 0.05). Moreover, our correlation analysis showed that there appeared to be more pronounced positive associations between the splenic histological parameters and expression levels of several key immune-related genes under MRS than under CRS. Therefore, it is speculated that the geese reared under MRS might exhibit enhanced immune functions than those under CRS, particularly for SW and LD. Although these phenotypic differences are assumed to be associated with the age-dependent differential expression profiles of HSPA2, MYD88, NGF, SPI1, and VEGFA in the goose spleen, the underlying regulatory mechanisms await further investigations.
Esettanulmányok az elmúlt 5 év soproni műemlékfelújítási munkáiból
Authors: Tárkányi Sándor
Published: February 2024

A 2017 és 2022 közötti időszakban, a Modern Városok Program keretén belül Sopronban 25 épület homlokzata újult meg. A kormány által támogatott fejlesztés során újjászületett a Lenck-villa, és megvalósult a Fő tér 6–8. számú épületek összenyitásával a Múzeumnegyed is. Tanulmányomban három műemlék épület homlokzatfelújításának a menetét ismertetem, bemutatva az engedélyeztetés és kivitelezés folyamatát is. Szándékom a magyarországi, soproni műemlékes hatósági munka ismertetése, valamint a közelmúltban megvalósult műemléki felújítások eredményeinek a bemutatása.
Ewolucja wzorca gatunkowego przepisu kulinarnego
Authors: Kuśnierek Izabela
Published: February 2024

The culinary recipe is a genre that has undergone numerous modifications related to its transmission medium over the centuries. Originally, it functioned in the oral form, but with the development of writing, it began to appear in the written form as well. After the invention of audiovisual media, cooking advice began to be made available via television and, over time, also via the Internet (YouTube, Instagram, TikTok). The first recipes were formulated by people widely regarded as authorities, but later any Internet user could become a creator. The type of audience has also changed. The passive reader has become an active and dynamic co-creator of culinary advice.
Polacy mówią o jedzeniu... Konceptualizacja czynności jedzenia w świetle polskiej leksyki
Authors: Zdunkiewicz-Jedynak Dorota
Published: February 2024

This article discusses the Polish vocabulary related to the act of eating. Assuming that lexis acts as a sensitive device to detect and record changes in history and culture, and referring to the methodology of cognitive linguistics, I describe three conceptualisation profiles of the act of eating. The first one described is the biological profile (with 3 cognitive pathways: food is life, food is strength, and food is protection).In the field of “verbs of eating” treated as a biological fact, I distinguish the ones describing the act of eating from the viewpoint of the way it is performed, particularly the speed (fast – slow) and the size of the portions put into the mouth (small or large bites), the amount of food consumed, aesthetics, apparent appetite, and a kind of rhythmicity and automatism of eating or using cutlery, the function of which in eating is compared to an oar – while sailing a boat or a sword – during a fight. Afterwards, I deal with more recent cognitive profiles: psychological and cultural. In particular, I am interested in the contemporary changes, established in language, in the approach to the act of eating towards treating it, for instance, as a threat or disturbance from the sphere of the human psyche (cf. jedzenioholizm (binge eating), feederyzm (feederism), manoreksja (manorexia), ortoreksja (orthorexia), etc.), a way of spending time (cf. gastroturystyka (gastrotourism), foodie, pornografia jedzenia (food pornography), etc.), or as a specific philosophy of life and a component of the human cultural identity (cf. freeganin (a freegan), frutarianin (a fruitarian), fleksitarianin (a flexitarian), solarianin (a solarian))
Phytotoxic Effects and Potential Allelochemicals from Water Extracts of Paulownia tomentosa Flower Litter
Authors: Xiao Yali , Tan Jing , Yu Yi , Dong Jiajia , Cao Lingling , Yao Lunguang , Zhang Yingjun , Yan Zhiqiang
Published: February 2024

Flowers of Paulownia spp. wither and fall on a large scale after blooming in spring and have potential allelopathic effects on surrounding plants, including crops and weeds. In this study, the phytotoxic effects of water extracts of Paulownia tomentosa flower litter (EPF) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), green bristlegrass (Setaria viridis L.) and purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) were evaluated in the laboratory. The mode of action of the phytotoxicity of EPF on lettuce seedlings was studied and the secondary metabolites in EPF were analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The results show that EPF significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of four target plants in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, EPF could induce the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) flowing with oxidative damage of the lipid bilayer of the biofilm, resulting in reduced cell viability and even apoptosis in lettuce. There were 66 secondary metabolites identified by LC-HRMS in P. tomentosa flowers. Among them, 10 compounds, including salicylic acid, caffeic acid, parthenolide, 7-hydroxycoumarin and abscisic acid (ABA), were all known allelochemicals. In summary, P. tomentosa flower litter displayed significant allelopathic effects, which were related to the accumulation of ROS in target plants. Phenolic acids, flavonoids as well as ABA are probably the main allelochemicals of P. tomentosa flowers.
Characterization of an Active Soldering Zn-Mg Alloy and the Study of Ultrasonic Soldering of SiC Ceramics with Copper Substrate
Authors: Kolenak Roman , Pluhar Alexej , Drapala Jaromir , Gogola Peter , Pasak Matej , Sloboda Mikulas
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to characterize a Zn-Mg type soldering alloy and direct soldering of SiC ceramics with a copper substrate. The Zn1.5Mg solder exerts a wider melting interval. The temperature of the eutectic reaction was 365 °C, and the liquidus temperature was 405 °C. The microstructure of the soldering alloy is comprised of a zinc matrix. Segregation of binary eutectics in the form of (Zn) + Mg2Zn11 lamellas occurred on the boundaries of Zn grains. Additionally, the presence of a MgZn2 magnesium phase was observed in the solder matrix. The SiC/solder bond was formed due to magnesium distribution from solder to the boundary with SiC ceramics, where magnesium reacts with silicon, which is infiltered in SiC ceramics. By a mutual interaction, a new Mg2Si phase is formed. An interaction between the molten zinc solder and Cu substrate occurred on the boundary of the Cu/substrate joint at the formation of a transition zone composed of two new phases, namely the γCu (Cu5Zn8) non-wettable phase type, approximately 30 µm wide, and a wettable (CuZn4) phase type ε, approximately 12 µm wide. The average shear strength of a combined SiC/Cu joint fabricated using Zn1.5Mg solder was 44 MPa.
Utilizing a Metagenome Assembled Genome Approach Revealed Further Insights into Microbially Mediated Heavy-Metal Resistance in Soils from a Former Nuclear Materials Production Facility
Authors: Kommu Navya , Stothard Paul , Chukwujindu Christian , Pathak Ashish , Chauhan Ashvini
Published: February 2024

Soils and sediments from the Savannah River Site (SRS), located in the USA are known to have a long history of co-contamination with radionuclides (mainly uranium) and heavy metals. To better understand the bacterial taxonomic and genomic characteristic of the SRS soil habitat, shotgun metagenomes were obtained from three different levels of contaminated soil—high, medium, and low. Sequences were then assembled and annotated to generate metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) using toolkits within the nf-core/mag. The initial analysis resulted in a total of 254 MAGs. After bin refinement and de-replication, 55 MAGs which met the quality standard with a completeness > 75% and contamination < 25%, accounting for 21.67% of all the MAGs, were reconstructed. Further refinement with completeness > 90% and contamination < 10% yielded 24 MAGs (18 from the winter season and 6 from the summer season) spanning 6 bacterial phyla, predominantly Actinomycetota, Proteobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Cyanobacteria. Overall, the Arthrobacter MAG was found to be robust for further analysis, with over 1749 genes putatively involved in the crucial metabolism of elements viz. nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur, and 598 genes encoding enzymes for the resistance of metals including cadmium, zinc, chromium, arsenic, and copper. In summary, this project enhances our understanding of genes conferring resistance to heavy metals in uranium-contaminated soils.
The Influence of Water Nitrate Concentration Combined with Elevated Temperature on Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in an Experimental Aquaponic Setup
Authors: Papadopoulos Dimitrios K. , Lattos Athanasios , Chatzigeorgiou Ioanna , Tsaballa Aphrodite , Ntinas Georgios K. , Giantsis Ioannis A.
Published: February 2024

Intensive recirculating systems are a fast-developing sector of aquaculture. While several warm-water fish have been reared in aquaponics, almost no data are available for cold-water species. The determination of nitrate toxicity thresholds in recirculating aquaculture is crucial. Different pollutants are typically more toxic at elevated temperatures. We investigated the performance of Oncorhynchus mykiss under two different nitrate levels and two temperatures. We applied a 2 × 2 factorial design, where fish (9.78 ± 0.51 g) were exposed to nitrate concentrations of 40 or 110 mg/L NO3− and to temperatures of 17 °C or 21 °C for 20 days. This study focused on understanding the physiological responses of rainbow trout to relatively low nitrate levels under heat stress in order to investigate the feasibility of integrating this species into commercial aquaponics. The growth, condition, and expression of genes involved in metabolism, heat shock, antioxidant, and immune response were assessed in the liver, together with the activities of enzymes related to glucose and fatty acid metabolism. High nitrate levels at 17 °C affected the condition but did not alter growth, leading to increased glycolytic potential and, occasionally, a greater reliance on lipid oxidation. Antioxidant defense was mainly induced due to high nitrates and the similar expression patterns of antioxidant genes observed under high nitrate at both 17 °C and 21 °C. Warm exposure decreased condition and growth, leading to greatly reduced glucokinase transcription, irrespective of the nitrate levels. Exposure to 21 °C and high nitrate led to equivalent growth and condition as well as to a milder inflammatory response combined with metabolic readjustments (enhancement of glycolytic and lipid oxidation pathways) compared to the low nitrates at 21 °C. Based on the results, rearing at a temperature close to 21 °C should be avoided for fingerling growth, while NO3− concentration until 110 mg/L may not have severe impacts on fingerling health and growth at 17 °C. In addition, rainbow trout fingerlings can tolerate a 20-day exposure at 21 °C and NO3− up to 110 mg/L. Additional factors should always be considered, such as specific water quality parameters, for a comprehensive approach to assessing the feasibility of rainbow trout aquaculture in aquaponics.
Quality of Life and Treatment Modalities in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: The Patients’ Perspective
Authors: Ginkel Charlotte van , Martens Frank , Scholtes Mathilde , Heesakkers John , Janssen Dick A. W.
Published: February 2024

Background: Quality of life (QoL)-based outcomes are hardly incorporated into interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) guidelines, because studies are limited and outdated. Therefore, guidelines might not reflect the current clinical situation accurately. Secondly, guidelines suggest using a multimodal approach for BPS/IC management, but data on the patient-perceived efficacy of these therapies are limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the perception of IC/BPS patients of their QoL, to determine which treatments they have received, and to examine how they evaluate the efficacy of these various (alternative) therapies. Methods: A quantitative retrospective database evaluation was performed, with data from an existing IC/BPS patient survey (n = 217) that was conducted in 2021. This survey contained QoL data based on validated questionnaires such as EQ-5D 5L. Results: The QoL of patients is affected significantly by IC/BPS. This is evident from the various affected domains on the EQ-5D 5L. The symptom severity was negatively affected by a delay in diagnosis, and there were clear differences in QoL domains between females and males. Secondly, coagulation therapy and intravesical glycosaminoglycan (GAG) therapy were most appreciated by patients. Other (alternative) treatments were commonly utilized, although some had doubtful results and high discontinuation rates. Conclusion: QoL is considerably impaired in IC/BPS patients. The diverse responses and adherence to various treatments warrant a personalized approach (phenotype-oriented therapy). To achieve QoL improvement, it is important to incorporate the patient’s perspective in treatment guidelines.
Increased Hg Methylation Risks in Management-Induced Terrain Depressions in Forests with Organic-Matter-Rich Soils
Authors: Kļaviņš Ivars , Bārdule Arta , Kļaviņa Zane , Lībiete Zane
Published: February 2024

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic contaminant that bioaccumulates in trophic chains in its organic form—methylmercury (MeHg). Hg methylation is driven by microorganisms in favourable conditions, stagnant water pools being among potential methylation hotspots. In the present study, we estimated the total Hg and MeHg concentrations in the sediments of water-filled management-induced terrain depressions (ruts, mounding pits and a partly functional drainage ditch) and in nearby undisturbed soil in six hemiboreal forest sites with organic-matter-rich soils in Latvia. Environmental samples were taken in the spring, summer and autumn of 2022. Furthermore, we evaluated the risks of element leaching from the depressions using high-resolution digital terrain models (DTM) and meteorological data. The results suggested a possible leaching of Hg in the past as THg concentrations in the sediments of the depressions were significantly lower than in the surrounding soil. Furthermore, significantly higher MeHg and %MeHg concentrations were found in the sediments than in the surrounding soil identifying the management-induced depressions as Hg methylation hotspots. Spatial analysis of the DTMs pointed to a very likely periodical leaching of elements from the depressions during high precipitation episodes as well as during snowmelts. Moreover, it was observed that ruts left by heavy machinery often channel surface runoff.
Differences in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Health-Related Physical Performance Indices and Academic Achievement: A Comparative Study of Normal-Weight and Obese Children in Qatar
Authors: Hermassi Souhail , Ketelhut Sascha , Konukman Ferman , Ayari Mohammed Ali , Al-Marri Senaid , Al Rawahi Nasser , Bouhafs El Ghali , Nigg Claudio R. , Schwesig René
Published: February 2024

Background: The relationship between physical activity (PA), health-related physical performance (PP), and academic achievement (AA) plays an important role in childhood. This study examined the differences in PA, sedentary behavior, health-related PP, maturity status, and AA between normal-weight and obese school children in Qatar. Methods: Eighty schoolchildren were recruited (age: 12.1 ± 0.6 years). Based on age-specific BMI percentiles, the children were classified as normal weight (n = 40) or obese (n = 40). Moore’s equations were used to estimate their maturity status (PHV). The measurements encompassed anthropometric data as well as PP tests (medicine ball throw, postural stability, handgrip strength). AA was assessed by reviewing school records for grade point average in Mathematics, Science, and Arabic courses. The total amount of time spent participating in PA each week was calculated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. Results: Handgrip strength was the only parameter that showed a relevant group difference (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.15; normal weight: 19.7 ± 3.46 N; obese: 21.7 ± 2.80 N). We found only one moderate correlation between PHV and handgrip strength (r = 0.59). Conclusions: The findings suggest that obesity status alone might not serve as a sufficient predictor of AA in school or PA levels.
Seasonality of Marine Litter Hotspots in the Wider Caribbean Region
Authors: Xu Xiaobiao , Chassignet Eric P. , Miron Philippe , Zavala-Romero Olmo
Published: February 2024

The persistent increase in marine plastic litter has become a major global concern, with one of the highest plastic concentrations in the world’s oceans found in the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR). In this study, we use marine plastic litter tracking simulations to investigate where marine plastic accumulates, i.e., hotspots, in the WCR and how the accumulation varies on seasonal timescales. We show that most of the marine plastic waste converges on the coastlines shortly after being released into the WCR because of the strong surface current and the predominant easterly winds. Major plastic accumulations take place along (i) the western coastline of the WCR, especially the north–south-oriented coasts of Costa Rica/Nicaragua, Guatemala/Belize/Mexico, and Texas, and (ii) the coastlines of Haiti–Dominican Republic and Venezuela. Relatively low plastic accumulation is found along western Florida, the western Yucatán peninsula, and the leeward and windward Caribbean islands. Accumulation along the western WCR coastlines is modulated primarily by ocean currents and exhibits significant seasonal variabilities due to changes in wind patterns. The accumulation observed on the Haiti–Dominican Republic and Venezuela coastlines is primarily due to the proximity of large, mismanaged plastic waste sources. Finally, we discuss the uncertainty associated with the choices made in defining the different criteria for plastic beaching in the models.
Clinical Diagnosis and Laboratory Testing of Abnormal Appearing Toenails: A Retrospective Assessment of Confirmatory Testing for Onychomycosis in the United States, 2022–2023
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Wang Tong , Cooper Elizabeth A. , Lincoln Sara A. , Foreman Hui-Chen , Scherer William P. , Bakotic Wayne L.
Published: February 2024

Onychomycosis is an under-recognized healthcare burden. Despite the risk of misdiagnosis, confirmatory laboratory testing is under-utilized. Histopathologic examination with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is currently the most effective diagnostic method; it offers direct detection and identification of a fungal invasion. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed confirmatory testing results, with matching clinical diagnoses, in 96,293 nail specimens submitted during a 9-month period from 2022 to 2023. Toenail specimens were examined using fungal culture, histopathology and/or PCR. Clinical diagnoses were identified using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes. For clinically diagnosed onychomycosis patients, the overall positivity rate was 59.4%; a similar positivity rate (59.5%) was found in patients with clinically diagnosed non-fungal nail dystrophy. Performing a histopathologic examination with PCR was more likely to provide pathogen identification results than using fungal culture. Male patients had a higher rate of onychomycosis overall; however, female patients had more non-dermatophyte mold onychomycosis caused by Aspergillus. Clinically diagnosed onychomycosis patients with a co-diagnosis of tinea pedis were more likely to test positive for onychomycosis by PCR (odds ratio [OR]: 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7–6.4), histopathology (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 2.0–3.1) and fungal culture (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5–6.6). Our results support the use of confirmatory laboratory testing when there is a clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis.
Estimating Stream Bank and Bed Erosion and Deposition with Innovative and Traditional Methods
Authors: Koutalakis Paschalis , Gkiatas Georgios , Xinogalos Michael , Iakovoglou Valasia , Kasapidis Iordanis , Pagonis Georgios , Savvopoulou Anastasia , Krikopoulos Konstantinos , Klepousniotis Theodoros , Zaimes George N.
Published: February 2024

Understanding the contributions of stream bank and bed erosion will allow us to implement the most effective management practices. The objective of this study was to assess different methods to measure bank and bed erosion at different scales, specifically the watershed, reach and plot. Innovative and traditional methods were utilized. At the watershed scale, indices based on free satellite images were used. For the reach scale, indices were used, but the images with higher accuracy were purchased and captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). At the plot scale, erosion pins, cross-sections and laser scanning were applied. The watershed scale analysis showcased “hot spots”. These “hot spots” were reaches vulnerable to erosion and deposition. The indices of the purchased images were applied to these “hot spots” and allowed us to narrow the length of the reaches where UAV flights took place. These flight images located where erosion and deposition occurred. Finally, at the plot scale, laser scanning provided more detailed and accurate data at a greater scale compared to the traditional methods. The implementation of these methods allows us to find the areas vulnerable to erosion and deposition. These are the areas where nature-based solutions should be implemented to effectively mitigate erosion problems.
Optimization of User Service Rate with Image Compression in Edge Computing-Based Vehicular Networks
Authors: Zhang Liujing , Li Jin , Guan Wenyang , Lian Xiaoqin
Published: February 2024

The prevalence of intelligent transportation systems in alleviating traffic congestion and reducing the number of traffic accidents has risen in recent years owing to the rapid advancement of information and communication technology (ICT). Nevertheless, the increase in Internet of Vehicles (IoV) users has led to massive data transmission, resulting in significant delays and network instability during vehicle operation due to limited bandwidth resources. This poses serious security risks to the traffic system and endangers the safety of IoV users. To alleviate the computational load on the core network and provide more timely, effective, and secure data services to proximate users, this paper proposes the deployment of edge servers utilizing edge computing technologies. The massive image data of users are processed using an image compression algorithm, revealing a positive correlation between the compression quality factor and the image’s spatial occupancy. A performance analysis model for the ADHOC MAC (ADHOC Medium Access Control) protocol is established, elucidating a positive correlation between the frame length and the number of service users, and a negative correlation between the service user rate and the compression quality factor. The optimal service user rate, within the constraints of compression that does not compromise detection accuracy, is determined by using the target detection result as a criterion for effective compression. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme satisfies the object detection accuracy requirements in the IoV context. It enables the number of successfully connected users to approach the total user count, and increases the service rate by up to 34%, thereby enhancing driving safety, stability, and efficiency.
Effects of Varied Sulfamethazine Dosage and Exposure Durations on Offspring Mice
Authors: Wang Hongchao , Dang Danting , Zhu Leilei , Pan Mingluo , Zhu Jinlin , Lu Wenwei , Lu Shourong , Zhao Jianxin
Published: February 2024

The development of antibiotics was a turning point in the history of medicine; however, their misuse and overuse have contributed to the current global epidemic of antibiotic resistance. According to epidemiological studies, early antibiotic exposure increases the risk of immunological and metabolic disorders. This study investigated the effects of exposure to different doses of sulfamethazine (SMZ) on offspring mice and compared the effects of exposure to SMZ on offspring mice in prenatal and early postnatal periods and continuous periods. Furthermore, the effects of SMZ exposure on the gut microbiota of offspring mice were analyzed using metagenome. According to the results, continuous exposure to high-dose SMZ caused weight gain in mice. IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-10 levels in the female offspring significantly increased after high-dose SMZ exposure. In addition, there was a significant gender difference in the impact of SMZ exposure on the gut microbiota of offspring: Continuous high-dose SMZ exposure significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ligilactobacillus murinus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (p < 0.05) in female offspring mice; however, these significant changes were not observed in male offspring mice.
Cross-Contamination of Ignitable Liquid Residues on Wildfire Debris—Effects of Packaging and Storage on Detection and Characterization
Authors: Boegelsack Nadin , Walker James , Sandau Court D. , McMartin Dena W. , Withey Jonathan M. , O’Sullivan Gwen
Published: February 2024

Producing defensible data for legal proceedings requires strict monitoring of sample integrity. In fire debris analysis, various approved packaging and storage solutions are designed to achieve this by preventing cross-contamination. This study examines the efficiency of current practices at preventing cross-contamination in the presence of a sample matrix (charred wood) via analysis by comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToF MS). The transfer of ignitable liquid residue (ILR) was assessed by comparing percentages of the target ILR area relative to the total chromatogram area and applying chemometric tools developed to detect cross-contamination. All practices reduced cross-contamination in comparison to faulty packaging. Individual practices varied in their performance. Nylon-based packaging performed best, whereas commercial polyethylene-based packaging performed worst due to interfering compounds emitted from the material and sealing mechanism. Heat-sealing was the best sealing mechanism when applied correctly, followed by press-fit connections, and lastly, adhesive sealing. Refrigerated storage offered several advantages, with elevated impact for polyethylene-based packaging and adhesive sealing mechanisms. Triple-layer packaging practices did not show significant benefits over double-layers. The recommended packaging approach based on these findings is mixed-material packaging (metal quart can in a heat-sealed nylon bag), offering advanced prevention of cross-contamination and practical advantages with continued refrigeration during transport.
Cognitive Fitness: Harnessing the Strength of Exerkines for Aging and Metabolic Challenges
Authors: Saheli Mona , Moshrefi Mandana , Baghalishahi Masoumeh , Mohkami Amirhossein , Firouzi Yaser , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Khoramipour Kayvan
Published: February 2024

Addressing cognitive impairment (CI) represents a significant global challenge in health and social care. Evidence suggests that aging and metabolic disorders increase the risk of CI, yet promisingly, physical exercise has been identified as a potential ameliorative factor. Specifically, there is a growing understanding that exercise-induced cognitive improvement may be mediated by molecules known as exerkines. This review delves into the potential impact of aging and metabolic disorders on CI, elucidating the mechanisms through which various exerkines may bolster cognitive function in this context. Additionally, the discussion extends to the role of exerkines in facilitating stem cell mobilization, offering a potential avenue for improving cognitive impairment.