bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECIFICITIES OF RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION IN THE DEFENCE SECTOR – THE CASE OF MONTENEGRO
Authors: Rabrenović Aleksandra , Hadžić Miroslav , Misailović Jovana
Published: October 2022

The paper analyses key specificities of recruitment and selection in the defence sector, providing an example of Montenegro. Personnel in ministries of defence and armed forces are public servants and constitute a part of national administrations in a larger sense, which need genuine professionals. From the legal point of view, there are usually several categories of staff within the defence sector: civil servants, military officials and civilian personnel in the armed forces, which all have some specificities due to the nature of the work they carry out in the public service. The paper first analyses key international standards on recruitment and selection in the public service and those which are specific for the defence sector. The central part of the paper examines key contentious issues in the legal framework regarding recruitment and selection in the defence sector of Montenegro, especially exemptions from the open competition rule, ministerial discretion in appointing the candidate from an open list, and the lack of a possibility to challenge security clearance decisions of perspective candidates (for military personnel and civilian personnel in the army). The authors conclude that although it is relatively easy to pinpoint necessary legal changes to improve the current system, it is not very likely that the system will be changed without a strong and unwavering political support, which will be able to force the holders of excessive powers to release it and ensure the observance of the merit principle.
PORT DU MASQUE DES 6 ANS EN FRANCE CONTRE LA PROPAGATION DE LA COVID-19 DANS LES ECOLES
Authors: ROCHOY M , ZENA E , DEPAGNE C , SERRANO B , BAUBET T , BILLY E , ZORES F , CALAFIORE M , FAVRE J , PUSZKAREK T
Published: October 2022

La rentrée scolaire de septembre 2020 en France, en pleine pandémie de COVID-19, a été accompagnée de débats sur l’intérêt du port du masque à l’école primaire. Ce travail discute l’intérêt du port du masque dès 6 ans, à la lumière des connaissances scientifiques actualisées jusqu’à début novembre 2020 et des spécificités françaises. La littérature montre que les enfants sont contaminés et représentent au moins 11 % des cas de COVID-19. Ce taux augmente : il était plus faible dans les études réalisées en période de confinement, de vacances scolaires ou de faible circulation du virus. Les enfants sont contaminants pour toutes les classes d’âge. À ce jour, il n’y a pas de données scientifiques ni de signal en faveur d’un risque lié au port du masque par les enfants. La balance bénéfices-risques est donc nettement en faveur du port généralisé du masque par les enfants. Le port du masque obligatoire pour les enfants, quel que soit leur âge, et à partir de 6 ans en milieu scolaire ne peut être que plus efficace que l’absence de mesure.
Learning Management based on Gender Responsive Segregation at MA Raudlatul Ulum
Authors: Majda Nadia Ela , Utaminingsih Sri , Ismaya Erik Aditia
Published: October 2022

The researh entitled Learning Management based on Gender Responsive Segregation is considered important study in education since many people clash with religious dogma with segregation in education, it is necessary to review how the implementation of gender segreration itself in the education world.  In this research, the researcher raised the theme of Islamic education as the location of conducted research at MA Raudlatul Ulum. Islamic education is a holistic education that oriented to whole system, not only its components but its students including values, morality, and skills. This research study uses qualitative with phenomenological methods. In the process of collecting data, the methods used are interviews, participatory observation, documentation and data analysis using context analysis. This research procedure is the stage of research process through analysis of learning management and student learning outcomes, analyzing gender responsive forms and the last is evaluating learning management based on gender responsive segregation. The result of this research shows that learning management conducted at MA Raudlatul Ulum is gender responsive with the implementation of planning in stages that takes into account gender responsive aspects. Then, the process of implementing learning management did not find material that marginalized and streotyped, and was proven by the successful learning outcomes of students.
CHRONIC PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS UNDER THE GUISE OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors:   A.S.Polyakova Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Polyakova A.S. , Zakharov A.V. ,   A.V.Zakharov ,Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Sycheva A.A. ,   A.A.Sycheva .Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Romanov V.V. ,   V.V.Romanov Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2022

The clinical observation reveals difficulties in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of chronic primary tuberculosis (TB) under the guise of systemic lupus erythematosus. Emergence and progression of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy made us suspect and establish the diagnosis of TB. Administration of effective chemotherapy allowed alleviating clinical presentations of the disease. DOI: 10.57014/2587-6678-2022-3-104-109 Keywords: primary TB in adults, paraspecific reactions, intrathoracic lymph node TB
THE INFLUENCE OF CORRECTIVE THERAPY ON THE GUT MICROBIOTA STATUS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLEX TREATMENT OF NEW PULMONARY TB PATIENTS
Authors:   O.G.Komissarov Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russiaa, Komissarova O.G. , Shorokhova V.A. ,   V.A.Shorokhova .Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia,, Andreevskaya S.N. ,   S.N . Andreevskaya Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia,, Abdullaev R.Yu. ,   R.Yu .Abdullaev Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia,
Published: October 2022

Objective: to improve the effectiveness of treatment of new pulmonary TB patients by studying the dynamics of the gut microbiota status and correction of its disorders. Materials and methods. The gut microbiota status was studied in 34 new pulmonary TB patients, which were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 17 new patients, which received corrective therapy of gut microbiota; group 2 consisted of 17 new patients, which did not receive corrective therapy. The comparison group consisted of 27 healthy volunteers. We performed quantitative analysis of gut microbiota composition before and during treatment and evaluated the influence of corrective therapy on TB treatment effectiveness. Results. We established that new pulmonary TB patients had lower levels of bifidobacteria, lactobacteria, typical E. coli, and enterococci before treatment compared to healthy individuals. After the first week of TB treatment these disorders worsened. After one and three months of treatment the levels of normal flora significantly increased in new patients on corrective therapy but did not reach those of healthy individuals. The levels of normal flora continued to decrease in patients without corrective treatment. The levels of Candida fungi decreased during treatment in patients on corrective therapy and increased in patients without corrective therapy. The analysis of severity of dysbiosis in new patients revealed that in most patients, which received complex treatment with microbiota correction, microbiota disorders were alleviated. Patients, which did not receive corrective therapy, demonstrated worsening of the gut microbiota status. Sputum conversion rate was significantly higher in patients, which received corrective therapy of gut microbiota, especially in the early stages of treatment (after two months of treatment – 70 and 33% respectively). Cavity closure rate was also higher in patients, which received corrective therapy. Conclusion. Corrective therapy counteracted intestinal dysbiosis and improved effectiveness of complex treatment of pulmonary TB patients.Keywords: pulmonary TB, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, correction, treatment effectiveness
Open science policies of international organizations
Authors:   Information Society Development Institute, Republic of Moldova, Cuciureanu Gheorghe
Published: October 2022

The article analyzes the main initiatives and mechanisms for the promotion of Open Science of several international organizations: UNESCO, OECD, ICSU, EUA and others. The good practices and solutions that may be useful for national Open Science policies are identified.
Challenges and opportunities in open scientific data policy development in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Information Society Development Institute, Republic of Moldova, Grecu Mihai
Published: October 2022

Open science initiatives are a global phenomenon. If in developed countries research and innovation enjoy significant support from governments, business and the entire society, and open science has become an important component in the landscape of scientific research, developing countries, such as the Republic of Moldova, have a situation a little more special regarding open access to scientific information, the use of new technologies and tools in the sharing and dissemination of knowledge, in the broad participation and collaboration between social partners in the act of research and innovation. New achievements in the field of information and communication technology offer developing countries great opportunities to increase their research capabilities and participate in the development of world science. There are, however, certain specific barriers that still prevent the free circulation of scientific information, the broad collaboration of actors in the field of research. Ensuring open access to research data is a big challenge for the scientific community in the Republic of Moldova. In order to respond to this challenge, it is necessary to develop and implement some policies and some normative acts that contribute to the consolidation of efforts in order to identify and capitalize on the opportunities offered by new technologies, good practices and European and international experience, the establishment of some sustainable mechanisms regarding management and reuse of research data. The paper addresses the issue of open scientific data in the Republic of Moldova emphasizing the need to develop policies that take into account local realities but also the opportunities for international collaboration and, first of all, those related to the status of a candidate country for joining the Union European.
Promoting and supporting of Open Science at the National Library of the Republic of Moldova through open institutional platforms
Authors:   Moldova State University, Silivestru Diana
Published: October 2022

The article reflects the practice of the National Library of the Republic of Moldova (NLRM) in promoting and supporting the implementation of the paradigms of Open Access and Open Science in the context in which today, the phenomenon / movement of Open Access has encouraged more libraries, universities and research institutions to create and develop products to promote scientific results online. In this sense, the emphasis is on capitalizing on the digital library (http://www.moldavica.bnrm.md/) and the national thematic repository (http://moldlis.bnrm.md/), as open platforms that can ensure a sustainable infrastructure for seamless access to free knowledge, digital content and information resources. In this sense, the author describes NLRM's experience in using 2 digital platforms / software (DSpace and Greenstone) that are part of the open source domain and represent computer systems capable of managing, transmitting, publishing, modifying and downloading digital content in various forms and formats of accessibility. The paper aims to promote a favorable environment for further support of the open movement by the NLRM by committing to disseminating the results of research and successful experiences in the field of Library and Information Sciences (BSI), by publishing articles in the journal „Magazin Bibliologic” and placing in National Thematic Repository of Library Science and Information Sciences of the Republic of Moldova (MOLDLIS) (http://moldlis.bnrm.md/).
Benefits of Open Science for Public Libraries. Innovative services as a pretext for education
Authors:   Moldova State University, Cozan Dorin
Published: October 2022

This article will try to answer the following question: How can public libraries capitalize on and integrate the Open Science agenda into the list of library services according to the needs and informational behavior of users? What could be those innovative library services, based on the principles of Open Science, that would be the best investment in libraries? There are two proposed solutions. The first is to invest in human resources in public libraries, through programs and courses conducted at national or regional level, for the librarian to develop skills specific to Open Science, which involve the manipulation of the latest technologies, digitization, support in the use of data, creating specific sites or applications and so on Second, to create innovative services for Open Science, to rebuild or build from scratch a strong, reliable information network with a strong emphasis on lifelong learning. An example would be the creation of STEAM type workshops, replicable in any library, to complete the formal education received by students in schools in Romania or the Republic of Moldova.
Innovative approaches in education facilitated by Open Science
Authors:   Moldova State University, Ungureanu Maria
Published: October 2022

The permanent updating of the curricula, the adaptation of the teachinglearning and evaluation practices, the reassessment of the status and role of the teacher, the reconsideration of the school-family-community relationship, the increase of the quality of the student-teacher relationship represent acute problems of the education systems in Romania and the Republic of Moldova. In all essential sectors of education, innovative steps are required to create an educational framework capable of meeting the knowledge and development needs of new generations. Open Science facilitates the construction of these endeavors, ensuring access to the latest scientific products that research offers.
Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data for the taxonomic characterization of the vaginal and the fecal microbial communities in Hanwoo
Authors: Choi Soyoung , Cha Jihye , Song Minji , Son JuHwan , Park Mi-Rim , Lim Yeong-jo , Kim Tae-Hun , Lee Kyung-Tai , Park Woncheoul
Published: October 2022

Objective: The study of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) has mainly been focused on meat quality and productivity. Recently the field of microbiome research has increased dramatically. However, the information on the microbiome in Hanwoo is still insufficient, especially relationship between vagina and feces. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the microbial community characteristics by analyzing the 16S rRNA sequencing data of Hanwoo vagina and feces, as well as to confirm the difference and correlation between vaginal and fecal microorganisms. As a result, the goal is to investigate if fecal microbiome can be used to predict vaginal microbiome.Methods: A total of 31 clinically healthy Hanwoo that delivered healthy calves more than once in Cheongju, South Korea were enrolled in this study. During the breeding season, we collected vaginal and fecal samples and sequenced the microbial 16S rRNA genes V3-V4 hypervariable regions from microbial DNA of samples.Results: The results revealed that the phylum-level microorganisms with the largest relative distribution were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria in the vagina, and Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes in the feces, respectively. In the analysis of alpha, beta diversity, and effect size measurements (LefSe), the results showed significant differences between the vaginal and fecal samples. We also identified the function of these differentially abundant microorganisms by functional annotation analyses. But there is no significant correlation between vaginal and fecal microbiome.Conclusion: There is a significant difference between vaginal and fecal microbiome, but no significant correlation. Therefore, it is difficult to interrelate vaginal microbiome as fecal microbiome in Hanwoo. In a further study, it will be necessary to identify the genetic relationship of the entire microorganism between vagina and feces through the whole metagenome sequencing analysis and meta-transcriptome analysis to figure out their relationship.
Effect of feeding raw potato starch on the composition dynamics of the piglet intestinal microbiome
Authors: Yi Seung-Won , Lee Han Gyu , So Kyoung-Min , Kim Eunju , Jung Young-Hun , Kim Minji , Jeong Jin Young , Kim Ki Hyun , Oem Jae-Ku , Hur Tai-Young , Oh Sang-Ik
Published: October 2022

Objective: Raw potato starch (RPS) is resistant to digestion, escapes absorption, and is metabolized by intestinal microflora in the large intestine and acts as their energy source. In this study, we compared the effect of different concentrations of RPS on the intestinal bacterial community of weaned piglets.Methods: Male weaned piglets (25-days-old, 7.03±0.49 kg) were either fed a corn/soybean-based control diet (CON, n = 6) or two treatment diets supplemented with 5% RPS (RPS5, n = 4) or 10% RPS (RPS10, n = 4) for 20 days and their fecal samples were collected. The day 0 and 20 samples were analyzed using a 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, followed by total genomic DNA extraction, library construction, and high-throughput sequencing. After statistical analysis, five phyla and 45 genera accounting for over 0.5% of the reads in any of the three groups were further analyzed. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the day 20 fecal samples were analyzed using gas chromatography.Results: Significant changes were not observed in the bacterial composition at the phylum level even after 20 d post feeding (dpf); however, the abundance of Intestinimonas and Barnesiella decreased in both RPS treatment groups compared to the CON group. Consumption of 5% RPS increased the abundance of Roseburia (p<0.05) and decreased the abundance of Clostridium (p<0.01) and Mediterraneibacter (p< 0.05). In contrast, consumption of 10% RPS increased the abundance of Olsenella (p<0.05) and decreased the abundance of Campylobacter (p<0.05), Kineothrix (p<0.05), Paraprevotella (p<0.05), and Vallitalea (p<0.05). Additionally, acetate (p<0.01), butyrate (p<0.05), valerate (p = 0.01), and total SCFAs (p = 0.01) were upregulated in the RPS5 treatment groupConclusion: Feeding 5% RPS altered bacterial community composition and promoted gut health in weaned piglets. Thus, resistant starch as a feed additive may prevent diarrhea in piglets during weaning.
Genetic parameter analysis of reproductive traits in Large White pigs
Authors: Yu Guanghui , Wang Chuduan , Wang Yuan
Published: October 2022

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine the genetic parameters for reproductive traits among Large White pigs, including the following traits: total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), litter birth weight (LBW), average birth weight (ABW), gestation length (GL), age at first service (AFS) and age at first farrowing (AFF).Methods: The dataset consisted of 19,036 reproductive records from 4,986 sows, and a multi-trait animal model was used to estimate genetic variance components of seven reproductive traits.Results: The heritability estimates for these reproductive traits ranged from 0.09 to 0.26, with the highest heritability for GL and AFF, and the lowest heritability for NBA. The repeatabilities for TNB, NBA, LWB, ABW, and GL were ranged from 0.16 to 0.34. Genetic and phenotypic correlations ranged from –0.41 to 0.99, and –0.34 to 0.98, respectively. In particular, the correlations between TNB, NBA and LBW, between AFS and AFF, exhibited a strong positive correlation. Furthermore, for TNB, NBA, LBW, ABW, and GL, genetic correlations of the same trait between different parities were moderately to strongly correlated (0.32 to 0.97), and the correlations of adjacent parities were higher than those of nonadjacent parities.Conclusion: All the results in the present study can be used as a basis for the genetic assessment of the target population. In the formulation of dam line selection index, AFS or AFF can be considered to combine with TNB in a multiple trait swine breeding value estimation system. Moreover, breeders are encouraged to increase the proportion of sows at parity 3-5 and reinforce the management of sows at parity 1 and parity ≥8.
Analisis Isi dan Bahasa Buku Teks Bahasa Inggris SMA Kelas 10 Terbitan Erlangga 2013
Authors: Nur Wahidah Thayib Pido  , Pakaya Susanti , Dentau Lutvia
Published: October 2022

Buku teks pelajaran adalah salah satu media penunjang dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar didalam kelas. Buku yang digunakan pun harus memiliki kriteria yang tepat untu menjadi kan Bahan ajar. Bahan ajar juga harus dibuat sesuai dengan syarat-syarat pembuatannya. Mendiknas (2008: 6) menjelaskan bahwa “bahan ajar merupakan bahan pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk membantu siswa belajar. Jika dilihat dengan kenyataan di lapangan buku ajar yang digunakan tidak mudah dipahami oleh siswa, bahasanya terlalu komplex. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif jenit metodenya adalah kajian pustaka. Data kualititatif diperoleh berdasarkan hasil pra observasi, wawancara, dan angket.  Butir kelengkapan materi memiliki skor total 12 dari skor maksimal 20 sehingga mendapatkan persentase nilai 55% dengan status cukup. Butir keluasan materi memiliki skor total 12 dari 20 sehingga mendapatkan persentase nilai 55% dengan status kurang luas Pada Butir  tema memiliki skor total 20 dari skor maksimal 20 sehingga mendapatkan persentase nilai 100% dengan status sangat sesuai . Berdasarkan simpulan pada penelitian ini, peneliti mengajukan  Pertama, guru hendaknya memilih buku aacuan yang bagus dan memiliki Bahasa yang ringan untuk digunakan guna mendukung pembelajaran. Kedua, guru sebaiknya memilih buku ajar yang ringan dari segi Bahasa dan mampu menyampaikan dengan metode yang tepat agar siswa mudah menyerap dengan baik sesuai capaian kompetensi yang diinginkan.
The textbook is one of the supporting media in teaching and learning activities in the classroom. The books used has the right criteria to become teaching materials. Teaching materials must be made in accordance with the conditions of manufacture. The Minister of National Education (2008: 6) explains that “teaching materials are learning materials used to help students learn. If we look at the reality in the field, the textbooks used are not easily to understood by students, the language is too complex. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The method is literature review. Qualitative data were obtained based on the results of pre-observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The item completeness of the material has a total score of 12 out of a maximum score of 20 so that it gets a 55% score percentage with sufficient status. The item breadth of material has a total score of 12 out of 20 so that it gets a percentage score of 55% with the status of being less extensive. Based on the conclusions in this study, the researcher proposes first, the teacher should choose a good reference book and have a light language to use to support learning. Second, teachers should choose textbooks that are light in terms of language and are able to convey in the right method so that students easily absorb well according to the desired competency achievement.
Comparison of Pain Score in Patients with Brain Disorders Using Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) and Nonverbal Pain Scale (NVPS)
Authors: Komlakh Khalil , Hatefi Masoud , Soltany Behrouz
Published: October 2022

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death, which ranges from mild and irreversible to severe and life-threatening injuries. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the pain score in patients with brain disorders using Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) and Nonverbal Pain Scale (NVPS). Methods: A descriptive comparative study was performed in Ilam province, Iran, in a group of head trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit who were intubated. One hundred twenty observations of nurses’ practice were performed. A purposive sampling method was utilized. The CPOT and NVPS assessed the pain, and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessed the state of consciousness. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 software. Results: Patients’ mean ± SD age was 38.45 ± 4.2 years. The mean ± SD pain score on the CPOT before the procedure was 0.39 ± 0.49 in the facial expression dimension, 0.56 ± 0.49 in activity, 0.54 ± 0.50 in muscle tension, and 0.55 ± 0.49 in compatibility with the ventilator. The mean ± SD pain score on the NVPS before the procedure was 0.97 ± 0.20 in facial expression dimension, 0.94 ± 0.49 in activity, 0.95 ± 0.31 in guarding, 0.64 ± 0.49 in vital signs, and 0.92 ± 0.53 in excitement. Conclusions: Both CPOT and NVPS were effective in diagnosing patients’ pain, but the CPOT was more appropriate for diagnosing pain in intubated patients.
Prevalence of DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Endometrial Cancer Using Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Mehdizadeh Behnoush , Gharib Masoumeh , Jafarian Amir Hossein , Afzalaghaee Monavvar , Homaee Shandiz Fateme , Irajpour Amirhosein
Published: October 2022

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is known as the most common malignancy of the female reproductive system, suggested to be associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome (LS). Objectives: Therefore, the aim of the present study was to screen for LS in patients with EC using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the patients with EC, referred to Qaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from 2015 - 2019, were enrolled. Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were then examined via IHC for the expression of four mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. The demographic and tumor-related data were also extracted from medical records and pathology reports. The data were consequently analyzed at the significance level of P < 0.05. Results: A total number of 100 patients with EC were evaluated using IHC, and 12 (12%) cases were found suspected. As well, no significant relationship was observed between LS and age, tumor site, tumor histology, tumor size, tumor grade, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and a family/personal history of malignancies. Conclusions: The prevalence of LS based on the IHC expression of the MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) was 12% in the patients with EC. There was also no significant relationship between the cases suspected and the demographic and tumor-related data.
Prevalence of COVID-19 in Children with Gastrointestinal Manifestations: A Cross-sectional Study of 184 Cases in 2020 - 2021
Authors: Ataollahi Maryam , Hamzavi Seyedeh Sedigheh , Dehghani Seyed Mohsen , Haghighat Mahmood , Imanieh Mohammad Hadi , Honar Naser , Jahanshahi Keramat Allah , Darban Behnaz , Haghshenas Hoda , Bagherzadeh Mohammad Aref , Avazpour Abbas , Karbasian Fereshteh , Ghandour Fatima Mohamad
Published: October 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected human life for more than a year. COVID-19 is well known for its respiratory manifestations; however, other important symptoms help with its diagnosis. Although clinical presentations in adults have been understood, clinical data in pediatric COVID-19 cases are still lacking. Objectives: We investigated gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of COVID-19 in pediatric cases. Methods: This study included 184 cases with GI manifestations referred to the pediatric emergency department of Namazi hospital from 20 March to 20 November 2020. Their clinical and laboratory data were extracted and analyzed with SPSS22. Results: Of 184 patients, 51 had positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR results. The most common symptom in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients was vomiting in 22 (43%) patients, followed by watery diarrhea in 12 (23.5%) and dysentery in 11 (21%). Significantly elevated CRP (P value = 0.002), ESR (P value < 0.001), and lymphocyte count (P value = 0.037) were found in PCR-positive patients. Conclusions: Our result demonstrates that COVID-19 could present with different GI symptoms. Also, the symptoms and lab data could help clinicians diagnose COVID-19, besides other differential diagnoses in pediatric patients with GI symptoms.
‘Polish Question’ in Lithuania and Problems of Polish-Lithuanian Relations at the Turn of the Century
Authors: Musaev Vadim I.
Published: October 2022

This article tracks how relations between two neighbouring states of the Baltic region, Po­land and Lithuania, developed over the last decades. These relations cannot be described in unambiguous terms. On the one hand, common aspirations for European integration created conditions for rapprochement and cooperation. On the other, the partnership has been complicated by disagreements and mutual claims. The main problem is the situa­tion of the correspondent ethnic minorities in the two countries: Poles in Lithuania and Lithuanians in Poland. According to the Polish authorities, the interests of Lithuania’s Polish residents are not safeguarded, and their rights are infringed. Similar complaints are voiced by Vilnius regarding the situation of ethnic Lithuanians in Poland. These contradictions are partly smoothed by common political interests: cooperation within the North Atlantic Alliance, defiance of the notorious ‘threat from the East’ and joint support for the pro-­Western opposition in the neighbouring Belarus.
The Republic of Belarus and the Kaliningrad region of Russia as a sub-regional security complex
Authors: Zverev Yury M. , Mezhevich Nikolay M.
Published: October 2022

The formal indivisibility of security, which theorists in the field of international relations speak of, is an indisputable thing. Although the development of military technology, the format of globalization, a critical attitude towards classical geopolitics have led to an underestimation of the spatial factor, regionalisation has once again proved that it is an integral part of globalisation and its alter ego. At the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, political developments in Europe are closely connected with military security. Although this interdependence is not new, the regional security system has been relatively stable for quite some time. The steadily, albeit gradually aggravating situation around the Kaliningrad region and the Republic of Belarus has caused a response — co­ordinated cooperation in the framework of the Union State. The consequence of which was the formation of a sub-regional security complex (SRSC), which includes the Republic of Belarus and Russia’s Kaliningrad region. And a theoretical justification for the formation of this complex is the focus of this article. The authors determine the floating boundaries of the SRSC, where spatial effects of military-political ties take on a special character. This study aims to apply and adapt the concept of regional security complexes to the military-political space of the eastern part of the Baltic Sea. The practical implica­tions of this research include substantiating the interconnectedness and interdependence of security doctrines and practices in a troubled region of Europe.
Demographic development processes in the history of the Kaliningrad region: national trends and regional specifics
Authors: Mankevich Dmitrii V.
Published: October 2022

This article aims to identify the main demographic development trends and features observed in the Kaliningrad region from a historical perspective and assess the extent to which the region’s demographic development corresponds to the national model accepted in contemporary historiography. The empirical sources used in this study include demographic statistics from published and archival materials; theoretically, it draws on the concepts of demographic and epidemiological transitions. Analysis of statistics and historiography is employed along with the comparative historical method. The migration factor had the leading role in the emergence of the regional specifics of demographic development. Migrants from the regions of the USSR that were deeply involved in demographic modernisation before the war formed the resident population of the Kaliningrad region. The gender and age profile of the migrants ensured the prolonged post-war demographic compensation and secured fertility and marriage rates above the RSFSR average. The regional fertility rates converged towards the national average in the second half of the 1950s; from the late 1970s, the region had a fertility rate below the national average. Overall mortality rates remained significantly lower than the RSFSR average until the mid-1990s. The changes in the regional population replacement model that took place in the region during the Soviet period and at the turn of the 21st century generally corresponded to national trends. Therefore, the concept of Russian demographic development proposed by Russian researchers is directly applicable to the exclave of Kaliningrad.
El Buen Vivir en comunidades andinas: un reto ecosistémico.
Authors: Rengifo Arias Carlos Gustavo , López Pulgarín Sonia Elena , Lopera Montoya Diana María , Díaz Tapasco Diana Mayerly
Published: October 2022

This article is the product of research and aims to analyze, from its different dimensions, Buen Vivir, from now on BV, characteristic of the life of the original peoples of Andean America, with the aim of disseminating and debating this way of inhabiting the world. Making use of documentary research and contrasting with the testimonies of indigenous people from Colombia and Guatemala, it is intended to understand this way of building society. The idea is defended that, in the face of the civilizing crisis of Western society, the BV constitutes a viable alternative to society. It is concluded that the BV radically questions the historical foundations of western development, based on a rational-instrumental, anthropocentric and economistic conception, to which the BV proposes a society that is built from biocentrism, indigenous ancestral values, the community and the balanced existence of all forms of life, and finally, a concern for the care of future generations.

El presente artículo es producto de investigación y tiene por objeto analizar, desde sus distintas dimensiones, el Buen Vivir, de ahora en adelante BV, característico de la vida de los pueblos originarios de la América andina, con el objetivo de divulgar y debatir sobre esta forma de habitar el mundo. Haciendo uso de investigación documental y contrastando con los testimonios de pobladores indígenas de Colombia y Guatemala, se pretende entender esta forma de construir sociedad. Se defiende la idea de que, frente a la crisis civilizatoria de la sociedad occidental, el BV constituye una alternativa viable de sociedad. Se concluye que el BV cuestiona, radicalmente, los cimientos históricos del desarrollo occidental, basado en una concepción racional-instrumental, antropocéntrica y economicista, a la que el BV propone una sociedad que se construya desde el biocentrismo, los valores ancestrales indígenas, lo comunitario y la existencia equilibrada de todas las formas de vida, y finalmente, una preocupación por el cuidado de las generaciones futuras.
Las elecciones en la frontera sur de Buenos Aires durante la década de 1850. Los “indios amigos” de Azul.
Authors: Orta Moreno Laura
Published: October 2022

In this article we analize the electoral practices in the Buenos Aires southern countryside throughout the 1850 decade, especially the ones that took place at the Azul, frontier location and place for the political, economical, social and cultural interaction among the “friendly Indian” populations, which had their settlements around the vecinity of the town, and the Creole and European society that inhabited there. Troughout the analisys of the social ethnic profile of the people who appeared in writting in the register and electoral minutes, the goal of this work is to examine which sectors of the heterogeneous rural population that participated at the polls, focusing the interest on the indigenous populations, in a dinamic context of alliances and personal relationships, as well as in power struggles. Local elections signified a mechanism of legitimation of the government’ system in rural and frontier fields.

En el presente artículo se analizan las elecciones de la campaña sur de Buenos Aires, durante la década de 1850, en concreto las celebradas en Azul, localidad fronteriza y lugar de interacción política, económica, social y cultural entre las poblaciones de “indios amigos”, que ubicaban sus asentamientos en las cercanías del pueblo, y la sociedad criolla y europea que lo habitaba. A través del análisis del perfil socio-étnico de las personas que aparecían anotadas en los registros y actas electorales, el objetivo de este trabajo es examinar qué sectores de la heterogénea población rural participaba en los comicios, focalizando el interés en las poblaciones indígenas, en un contexto dinámico de alianzas y relaciones personales, así como de enfrentamientos por el poder, siendo las elecciones a nivel local un mecanismo de legitimación del sistema de gobierno en el ámbito rural y fronterizo.
The Problem Space of Nature in Chongqing: A Conjunctural Analysis of Environmental Crisis Discourses and Local Housing Practices
Authors: Bonato Michela
Published: October 2022

Over the past decade, China’s centralized politics have explored new resources to tame the sustainability question and hinder the possibility for narratives of crisis to institutionalize foci of social and territorial malaise. The party-state rhetoric has focused its attention on inverse discourses of future environmental civilization whereas the current conjuncture shapes the local greenspace as a problem space. The analysis of environmental crisis discourses in Chongqing reveals the conundrum of redefining the commons in transitional times characterized by practices of redenomination of nature reserves and green objectifying high-end real estate advertisement. It points out how the crisis is turned into an opportunity for further uneven development through a process of emplacement on the basis of individualized forms of environmental protection. On the other hand, the digital makes space for alternative narratives of awareness which evoke a sense of social responsibility to understand the territorial changes and avoid a complete de-politicization of local communities on the governance of commons. The essay reveals how the state of tension within the eco-commodity production and circulation is linked to discourses of emotional proximity to the landscape.
Crisi. Una conversazione interdisciplinare su una parola chiave della nostra congiuntura storica
Authors: De Michelis Lidia , Garruccio Roberta
Published: October 2022

This collaborative essay aims to provide a theoretical and discursive background to the thematic issue of Languages Cultures Mediation – LCM devoted to exploring crisis/crises. It consists, therefore, of two parts. The first one starts with a few considerations on the current conjuncture, in which “crisis” stands out as a powerful keyword which is ubiquitous across mainstream communication and public debate. It continues by foregrounding some thoughts on the definitions of this term and its deceptive intuitiveness, concurring to highlight some slippages and shifts in its usage and meanings over time. Finally, it attempts to stylize some assumptions, premises, perspectives and theoretical issues concerning the conceptualization of crisis and how to interpret it, including narratives and memory work. The second part of the essay provides a review and a discussion of theoretical perspectives and interpretive tools for addressing more specifically the category of crisis as a discursive, affective and imaginative construction. In the process, it engages in a conversation with some recent analytical approaches to crisis pertaining, mostly, to the conceptual and ideological arenas of linguistics, critical discourse analysis, narrative and metaphor studies, political communication.
Current research status of rare earth oxygenated hydride photochromic films
Authors: Li Ming , Jin Ping-Shi , Cao Xun ,   State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China,   Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: October 2022

Photochromic material, as an adaptive smart material, has a wide range of applications in smart windows, photoelectric sensors, optical storage, etc. Oxygen-containing rare-earth metal hydride (REHxOy) film, a new type of photochromic material, has attracted the attention of researchers for its efficient and reversible color-changing properties, simple and reproducible preparation methods, and fast darkening-bleaching time. In this paper we review the current research status of structural composition, color change mechanism, and property modulation of oxygen-containing rare-earth metal hydride films. Exposure to visible light and ultraviolet (UV) light can lead the optical transmission of visible and infrared (IR) light to degrade. The photochromic mechanisms can be grouped into four mechanisms: lattice contraction mechanism, oxygen exchange mechanism, local metal phase change, and hydrogen migration mechanism. Currently, performance can be tuned by controlling film morphology, designing chemical components, improving substrate adaptation, multilayer film structure design, etc. Finally, the future research focus of thin film is prospected.
Touch Screen Theory
Authors: White Michele
Published: October 2022

Technology companies claim to connect people through touchscreens, but by conflating physical contact with emotional sentiments, they displace the constructed aspects of devices and women and other oppressed individuals' critiques of how such technologies function.

Technology companies and device designers correlate touchscreens and online sites with physical contact and emotional sentiments, promising unmediated experiences in which the screen falls away in favor of visceral materiality and connections. While touchscreens are key elements of most people's everyday lives, critical frameworks for understanding the embodied experiences of using them are wanting. In Touch Screen Theory, Michele White focuses on the relation between physically touching and emotionally feeling to recenter the bodies and identities that are empowered, produced, and displaced by these digital technologies and settings. Drawing on detailed cases and humanities methods, White shows how and why gender, race, and sexuality should be further analyzed in relation to touchscreen use and design.

White delves into such details as how women are informed that their bodies and fingernails are not a fit for iPhones, how cellphone surfaces are correlated with skin and understood as erotic, the ways social networks use heart buttons and icons to seem to physically and emotionally connect with individuals, how online references to feminine and queer feelings are resisted by many men, and how women producers of autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) videos use tactile strategies and touchscreens to emotionally bond with viewers. Proposing critical methods for studying touchscreens and digital engagement, Touch Screen Theory expands a variety of research areas, including digital and internet cultures, hardware, interfaces, media and screens, and popular culture.
The Leak
Authors: Crease Robert P. , Bond Peter D.
Published: October 2022

How the discovery of a harmless leak of radiation sparked a media firestorm, political grandstanding, and fearmongering that closed a vital scientific facility.

In 1997, scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory found a small leak of radioactive water near their research reactor. Brookhaven was—and is—a world-class, Nobel Prize–winning lab, and its reactor was the cornerstone of US materials science and one of the world's finest research facilities. The leak, harmless to health, came from a storage pool rather than the reactor. But its discovery triggered a media and political firestorm that resulted in the reactor's shutdown, and even attempts to close the entire laboratory.

A quarter century later, the episode reveals the dynamics of today's controversies in which fears and the dismissal of science disrupt serious discussion and research of vital issues such as vaccines, climate change, and toxic chemicals. This story has all the elements of a thriller, with vivid characters and dramatic twists and turns. Key players include congressmen and scientists; journalists and university presidents; actors, supermodels, and anti-nuclear activists, all interacting and teaming up in surprising ways. The authors, each with insider knowledge of and access to confidential documents and the key players, reveal how a fact of no health significance could be portrayed as a Chernobyl-like disaster. This compelling exposé reveals the gaps between scientists, politicians, media, and the public that have only gotten more dangerous since 1997.
Normative decision rules in changing environments
Authors: Barendregt Nicholas W , Gold Joshua I , Josić Krešimir , Kilpatrick Zachary P
Published: October 2022

Models based on normative principles have played a major role in our understanding of how the brain forms decisions. However, these models have typically been derived for simple, stable conditions, and their relevance to decisions formed under more naturalistic, dynamic conditions is unclear. We previously derived a normative decision model in which evidence accumulation is adapted to fluctuations in the evidence-generating process that occur during a single decision (Glaze et al., 2015), but the evolution of commitment rules (e.g. thresholds on the accumulated evidence) under dynamic conditions is not fully understood. Here, we derive a normative model for decisions based on changing contexts, which we define as changes in evidence quality or reward, over the course of a single decision. In these cases, performance (reward rate) is maximized using decision thresholds that respond to and even anticipate these changes, in contrast to the static thresholds used in many decision models. We show that these adaptive thresholds exhibit several distinct temporal motifs that depend on the specific predicted and experienced context changes and that adaptive models perform robustly even when implemented imperfectly (noisily). We further show that decision models with adaptive thresholds outperform those with constant or urgency-gated thresholds in accounting for human response times on a task with time-varying evidence quality and average reward. These results further link normative and neural decision-making while expanding our view of both as dynamic, adaptive processes that update and use expectations to govern both deliberation and commitment.