European Society of Coloproctology: Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of cryptoglandular anal fistula
Authors: Reza Lillian , Gottgens Kevin , Kleijnen Jos , Breukink Stephanie , Ambe Peter C. , Aigner Felix , Aytac Erman , Bislenghi Gabriele , Nordholm‐Carstensen Andreas , Elfeki Hossam , Gallo Gaetano , Grossi Ugo , Gulcu Baris , Iqbal Nusrat , Jimenez‐Rodriguez Rosa , Leventoglu Sezai , Lisi Giorgio , Litta Francesco , Lung Philip , Millan Monica , Ozturk Ersin , Sackitey Charlene , Shalaby Mostafa , Stijns Jasper , Tozer Phil , Zimmerman David 
Published: December 2023

Aim

The primary aim of the European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) Guideline Development Group (GDG) was to produce high‐quality, evidence‐based guidelines for the management of cryptoglandular anal fistula with input from a multidisciplinary group and using transparent, reproducible methodology.

Methods

Previously published methodology in guideline development by the ESCP has been replicated in this project. The guideline development process followed the requirements of the AGREE‐S tool kit. Six phases can be identified in the methodology. Phase one sets the scope of the guideline, which addresses the diagnostic and therapeutic management of perianal abscess and cryptoglandular anal fistula in adult patients presenting to secondary care. The target population for this guideline are healthcare practitioners in secondary care and patients interested in understanding the clinical evidence available for various surgical interventions for anal fistula. Phase two involved formulation of the GDG. The GDG consisted of 21 coloproctologists, three research fellows, a radiologist and a methodologist. Stakeholders were chosen for their clinical and academic involvement in the management of anal fistula as well as being representative of the geographical variation among the ESCP membership. Five patients were recruited from patient groups to review the draft guideline. These patients attended two virtual meetings to discuss the evidence and suggest amendments. In phase three, patient/population, intervention, comparison and outcomes questions were formulated by the GDG. The GDG ratified 250 questions and chose 45 for inclusion in the guideline. In phase four, critical and important outcomes were confirmed for inclusion. Important outcomes were pain and wound healing. Critical outcomes were fistula healing, fistula recurrence and incontinence. These outcomes formed part of the inclusion criteria for the literature search. In phase five, a literature search was performed of MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Embase (Ovid) and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews by eight teams of the GDG. Data were extracted and submitted for review by the GDG in a draft guideline. The most recent systematic reviews were prioritized for inclusion. Studies published since the most recent systematic review were included in our analysis by conducting a new meta‐analysis using Review manager. In phase six, recommendations were formulated, using grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations, in three virtual meetings of the GDG.

Results

In seven sections covering the diagnostic and therapeutic management of perianal abscess and cryptoglandular anal fistula, there are 42 recommendations.

Conclusion

This is an up‐to‐date international guideline on the management of cryptoglandular anal fistula using methodology prescribed by the AGREE enterprise.