bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radio via mobile phones: the intersecting logics of media technologies in Ghana
Authors: Avle Seyram
Published: May 2020

This article argues that the material history of mobile phones as they took shape in Ghana reveals them to be essential parts of radio’s infrastructure; one that is social, informal, and transnational. Using the radio tuning feature on mobile phones as an emblematic device, this article unpacks the sociotechnical infrastructure underpinning radio’s continued dominance in Ghana, revealing the intersecting logics that help to sustain the media technology landscape in the country.
Challenges and experience of setting up an aortic service
Authors: Hosseini Saeid , Rezaei Yousef , Alizadeh Ghavidel Alireza
Published: May 2020

Aortic surgery is a complex procedure posing high risks in comparison to other adult cardiac surgeries. Novel surgical approaches including minimally invasive procedures, sutureless aortic valve replacement, and transcatheter aortic valve implantation have been found to be acceptable alternatives to conventional surgeries. In addition, novel endovascular repair techniques and hybrid procedures have been introduced for the management of patients with thoracoabdominal aortic pathologies. However, these modalities are not readily available in every center, and such novel procedures impose a learning curve for surgeons and high costs for affected patients. In this review, we discuss the challenges of setting up an aortic service, having regard to the Iranian experience.
Validation of the modified NUTRIC score on critically ill Jordanian patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Alramly Manal K , Abdalrahim Maysoon S , Khalil Amani
Published: May 2020

Background:

Nutritional status has been proven to be associated with poor outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICU). Nutritional assessment has been assessed using different tools. Few data are available on the validity of the modified Nutrition Risk Assessment Tool for Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score in ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV).

Aim:

This study aimed to assess prognostic performance of the mNUTRIC score for discriminative abilities for 30-day mortality and prolonged MV.

Methods:

This was a multi-centre retrospective study that included 737 mechanically ventilated patients using secondary data analysis. Data were collected on variables required to calculate mNUTRIC score. Patients with a mNUTRIC score ≥5 were considered at nutritional risk. Predictive performance of the mNUTRIC was assessed for discriminative abilities for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II at baseline, mortality in 42 days of follow-up and outcomes related to MV.

Results:

A total of 737 patients on MV met the inclusion criteria. The majority (57.1%) of patients were male. The mean age of the participants was 62.1±18 years. Of all patients, 482 (58%) were at high nutritional risk (mNUTRIC score ≥5). Median ventilator days were 3 (±7.2) days and 72 (±174) hours. The overall mortality rate was 78.8% ( n=652), and weaning failure was 79.8% ( n=660).

Conclusions:

This study showed new evidence on the validity of the mNUTRIC as a tool for assessing nutritional risk in an ICU population in Jordan. The mNUTRIC score obtained from the current retrospective data suggests that the use of the tool can truly identify and diagnose critically ill patients with malnutrition.
Book review: C. Christine Fair, In Their Own Words: Understanding Lashkar-e-Tayyaba
Authors: Jawla Prabhat
Published: May 2020

C. Christine Fair, In Their Own Words: Understanding Lashkar-e-Tayyaba (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2019), xii + 307 pp.
Tribal Children in Odisha and their right to Education in the Home Language
Authors: Pattanaik Jisu Ketan
Published: May 2020

Focused on the socio-economic background of tribal students in the 142 ashram schools of Koraput district in Odisha, this article explores the educational environment and quality of education for tribal children in India. As their educational performance is largely unsatisfactory, the primary causes behind low educational achievements are explored. It is found that the educational processes largely disregard the socio-cultural characteristics and linguistic skills that tribal students bring to the classroom. Specifically, tribal children experience serious language difficulties during the initial years of schooling. The practice of using the dominant state language, Odia, as the sole/dominant medium of instruction in all ashram schools, rather than the children’s mother tongue, appears to leave young learners illiterate in their mother tongue and also fosters low achievement levels in the dominant language.
Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant for single spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section: a system review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Qi-hong , Li Hui-fang , Zhou Xu-yan , Yuan Xiao-zong , Lu Ya-ping
Published: May 2020

Objective

Previous studies reported the effect of dexmedetomidine on intrathecal anesthesia. In this review, we explored the impact of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct for lumbar anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section.

Methods

Two authors searched eligible random controlled trials in electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese BioMedical database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and the Wanfang database.

Results

Ten trials comprising 970 patients were included in this review. Intrathecal dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the onset time of sensory block (standardized mean difference (SMD), −1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.15, −0.85, I2 = 92%) and motor block (SMD −0.77, 95% CI −1.50, −0.49, I2 = 60%) and prolonged the block duration time (sensory block: SMD 2.02, 95% CI 1.29, 2.74, I2 = 93%; motor block: SMD 1.90, 95% CI 1.07, 2.74, I2 = 94%). Patients who received dexmedetomidine showed a lower incidence of shivering. No significant difference was reported for the neonatal Apgar score and other complications.

Conclusion

The use of intrathecal dexmedetomidine during cesarean section can shorten the onset time of spinal anesthesia and enhance the effect of local anesthetic. It has no significant impact on neonates and there were no other adverse events.
Successful treatment of fatal asthma combined with a silent chest: A case report
Authors: Guo Hui , Zhao Qian , Li Su-Yan , Xu Xin , Xu Ning , Lv Chang , Shen Zhang-Shun , Li Jian-Guo
Published: May 2020

Fatal asthma is a rare and potentially fatal disease. This disease requires suitable treatment to achieve rehabilitation, especially when accompanied by other complications, such as a silent chest and severe bronchial spasm. A 36-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of asthma that broke out into persistent asthma attacks and cardiac arrest, and was accompanied by a silent chest for 18 hours. He recovered and was discharged without any sequelae after being treated by a ventilator, hormones, epinephrine, analgesics, sedation, and muscle relaxants. Comprehensive treatment with a ventilator, hormones, epinephrine, analgesics, sedation, and muscle relaxants has a good effect on fatal asthma combined with a silent chest.
Longitudinal Network Structure and Changes of Clinical Risk and Protective Factors in a Nationwide Sample of Forensic Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Bogaerts Stefan , Spreen Marinus , Masthoff Erik , Jankovic Marija
Published: May 2020

In this study, we investigated network configurations of 14 Clinical risk and protective factors in a sample of 317 male forensic psychiatric patients across two time points: at the time of admission to the forensic psychiatric centers (T1) and at the time of unconditional release (T2). In terms of network structure, the strongest risk edge was between “hostility–violation of terms” at T1, and between “hostility–impulsivity” at T2. “Problem insight–crime responsibility” was the strongest protective edge, and “impulsivity–coping skills” was the strongest between-cluster edge, at both time points, respectively. In terms of strength centrality, “cooperation with treatment” had the highest strength centrality at both measurement occasions. This study expands the risk assessment field toward a better understanding of dynamic relationships between individual clinical risk and protective factors and points to the highly central risk and protective factors, which would be the best for future treatment targets.
Reshaping Jeremiah: Scribal strategies and the prophet like Moses
Authors: Rossi Benedetta
Published: May 2020

The prophet like Moses, announced in Deut. 18.15, is placed in a lineage of prophets and ends up as an announcer of Moses’ Torah (e.g. 2 Kgs. 17.13). Deut. 34.10-12 questions this idea by establishing Moses as the unsurpassable prophet. The view of the prophet like Moses as a link in a prophetic chain changes accordingly. By means of three examples (Jer. 1.7cd.9d; 30.2; and 32.16-25), the article will show how the Book of Jeremiah develops the depiction of Jeremiah as the prophet like Moses in response to Deut. 34.10-12. The reshaping of Jeremiah can be ascribed to a scribal enterprise, aimed at creating a substitute for Moses, with the underlying aim of legitimising the promise of the new covenant (31.31-34). Unexpectedly, however, this text has been met with an underwhelming inner- and extra-biblical reception; the last paragraph will suggest a possible answer to what seems a curious paradox.
‘No longer will you call me ‘my Ba’al’’: Hosea’s polemic and the semantics of ‘Ba’al’ in 8th century B.C.E. Israel
Authors: Hubler Caitlin
Published: May 2020

The anti-Ba’al polemics of Hosea 2.16-18 have typically been interpreted as evidence for the existence of a cult of Ba’al in 8th century B.C.E. Israel. However, research on the semantic range of the term בעל‎ indicates an alternate possibility: within certain sections of Israelite religious culture, בעל‎ had come to be used as an appellative for YHWH. Theophoric and topynomic names from the 8th century B.C.E., both biblical and extra-biblical, point to the fact that בעל‎ was regularly used as a category meaning ‘lord’ or ‘master’ rather than as a proper name referencing the Canaanite storm-god Ba’al-Hadad. Seen in this way, Hosea’s warnings against idolatry do not indicate Israelite worship of a deity believed to be ontologically distinct from YHWH. Rather, they reveal an intra-religious debate about the character of YHWHism itself regarding the extent to which religious language from other traditions ought to be appropriated for a YHWHistic context.
A network of conventional and deliberate metaphors in Psalm 22
Authors: van Wolde Ellen
Published: May 2020

Metaphors are not stand-alone units, but figure often in larger chains and regularly build upon each other. Yet, not all metaphors are the same. Some are very simple, such as the simile, while other metaphors require more active cross-domain mapping in thought. Still others are also context-dependent, deliberately used to convey new insights or used with a certain rhetorical intention. The study of various metaphorical clusters in Psalm 22 allows us to discuss the different types of metaphors and their distinct communicative functions. The most remarkable metaphorical cluster is based on the conceptual metaphor yhwh is fire. Built upon this conceptual layer is another metaphor, namely people melt before yhwh like wax melts before fire. Used in the context of Ps. 22.15, this deliberate metaphor confirms yhwh’s absolute sovereignty. His authority and power are in Ps. 22.13–17 the reason for fear, because his is a flaming and destructive power.
Examining Men’s Experiences of Abuse From a Female Intimate Partner in Four English-Speaking Countries
Authors: Dixon Louise , Treharne Gareth J. , Celi Elizabeth M. , Hines Denise A. , Lysova Alexandra V. , Douglas Emily M.
Published: May 2020

This qualitative study explores the experiences of men who self-report victimization from a female intimate partner in four English-speaking countries. Forty-one men who reported any type of intimate partner abuse (IPA) from a female partner were recruited via targeted advertising in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Twelve online focus groups were conducted across countries using a phenomenologically informed design. Thematic analysis was carried out from an inductive and realist epistemological position and themes identified at a semantic level. This approach was taken to directly reflect the men’s experiences and perspectives, ensuring the voices of this hard-to-reach and overlooked population were heard. Three themes were identified across the countries: an imbalanced experience of harm; living with sustained abuse; and knowledge is power for men experiencing IPA. It was found that most participants underwent physical harm in the context of coercive control and experienced abuse over long periods of time. They were slow to recognize the magnitude of their partners’ behavior and act upon it for a range of reasons that are described in detail. In addition, promoting knowledge about the victimization of men by women, using appropriate language and active learning, was found to be important in helping the men gain autonomy and agency to break the pattern of abuse and aid their recovery. The implications of the findings for developing male-friendly IPA policy, practice, and services are discussed, in addition to the need for innovative research methodology to access hard-to-reach populations.
Victim Behavior in a Sample of Military Sexual Assault Cases
Authors: Karl Umbrasas MAJ
Published: May 2020

This study explored victim responses to sexual assault within a military context. Victim behavior was identified in forensic case files of service members charged with sexual assault ( N = 58) and referred for forensic evaluation or consultation. The identified victim behavior was coded and quantified for description. Of the sample 87.9% of victims were female and 12.0% of victims were male; 37.9% of the victims reported their assault in less than 1 month. Forceful resistance to the assault occurred in 15.5% of the cases. Physical injury associated with the sexual assault was absent in 96.5% of the cases. The description of victim behavior can inform forensic expert testimony on victim behavior within the military justice system while also offering empirical evidence to better understand this public health problem in the U.S. military.
Algaepreneurship as academic engagement: Being entrepreneurial in a lab coat
Authors: Rosenlund Joacim , Legrand Catherine
Published: May 2020

There are many ways in which scientists can engage in entrepreneurial activities. The context of this article is a Swedish research group in marine ecology, which became increasingly involved in entrepreneurial activities. This article focuses on the what, why and how of entrepreneurship as part of an academic role. The study was conducted as an interactive research process, involving activities as well as interviewing participants in the project. Theories of identity work, role identity and passion were used to analyse this context. Two distinct but simultaneous processes were identified: first, when scientists engage in commercial entrepreneurial activities and react by reaffirming their roles as academics and, second, when scientists engage in entrepreneurial activities in a broad sense, fulfilling environmental and social goals (this is compatible with their scientific passion connected to their academic role identity). This article shows that scientists can be entrepreneurial while working with social and environmental responsibility with no conflict between their entrepreneurial activity and their role as an academic.
Dynamic-coupling analyses of cells localization by the negative dielectrophoresis
Authors: Ji Jianlong , Wang Jingxiao , Wang Liu , Zhang Qiang , Duan Qianqian , Sang Shengbo , Huang Qing , Li Shanshan , Zhang Wendong , Jiang Xiaoning
Published: May 2020

Negative dielectrophoresis is widely used in cell localization for long-term observations such as the impedance analysis, in vivo drug screening, and cell patterns. However, the coupling effect of AC electrokinetics, including negative dielectrophoresis, AC electroosmosis, and electrothermal flow is still unclear. This work investigated cell localization based on the dynamic-coupling of dielectrophoresis, AC electroosmosis, and electrothermal flow. A two-dimensional finite element model that consisted of interdigitated array electrodes was established. The effects of system parameters on the capture efficiency were investigated, when the medium conductivity was in the range of 0.001–1 S/m. The selection of the medium conductivity is suggested to be the first step of the experiment design. Then, the choice of AC frequency and AC amplitude requires balancing the effects of transmembrane potential and temperature rise on cell viability. Besides, particular electrode spacing is evidenced to be only efficient for a specific cell diameter. Thus, the electrode spacing of the microfluidic chip needs to be optimized according to the cell's diameter.
An efficient methodology to generate optimal inputs for the preliminary design of centrifugal compressor impellers
Authors: Bourabia Lakhdar , Khalfallah Smail , Cerdoun Mahfoudh , Chettibi Taha
Published: May 2020

Preliminary design of centrifugal compressors is an emphasized step, which initiates the design process. Even with the use of quick analysis methods such as one-dimensional models, preliminary design still occupies a substantial part of the total design time. Among the factors that can lengthen this time or even cause the design failure is the inappropriate selection of the design input parameters. The present paper proposes a methodology to generate optimal inputs for the preliminary design, which reduces the design time and optimizes its overall performance. This is achieved, firstly, by performing an aerothermodynamic analysis that defines the appropriate input parameters, which will be used by a preliminary design code. This analysis has allowed identifying three pilot parameters (inlet relative Mach number, work input factor, and slip factor) to guide the generation of adequate input parameters. This input parameter generator, which reduces considerably the failure rate, is then exploited efficiently in an optimization process considering the pilot parameters as decision variables. Therefore, the proposed input parameter generator is coupled with a preliminary design code and an optimization algorithm. The proposed input parameter generator was validated on four existing compressors, showing a gain of more than 90% of the design time. Mainly, the proposed optimization has created a preliminary design trade-off having the target requirements and with optimized off-design performance.
Structure, stability, and properties of phenolic fibers modified by phenyl molybdate
Authors: Kai Yang , Mingli Jiao , Xiaomei Zhang , Wanshun Jia , Quan Diao , Ying Liu , Jian Cao
Published: May 2020

Phenyl molybdate-modified phenolic fibers (PMoPFs) were prepared by melt spinning from the corresponding resin which was polymerized from phenol, formaldehyde, and phenyl molybdate, followed by solution curing and then heat curing processes. The molecular structures, including characteristic groups and molecular weight, were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The influences of the curing processes were demonstrated by mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis characterization. PMoPF with 8 wt% molybdic acid and cured in an oven possessed a tensile strength as high as 187 MPa, initial decomposition temperature of 300°C, and a char yield under nitrogen atmosphere at 800°C as high as 66.0%, with the molybdate (MoO4 2−) groups being introduced into the phenolic main chain.
A systematic review of ethical and legal issues in elder care
Authors: Podgorica Nertila , Flatscher-Thöni Magdalena , Deufert Daniela , Siebert Uwe , Ganner Michael
Published: May 2020

Background:

Ethical and legal issues are increasingly being reported by health caregivers; however, little is known about the nature of these issues in geriatric care. These issues can improve work and care conditions in healthcare, and consequently, the health and welfare of older people.

Aim:

This literature review aims to identify research focusing on ethical and legal issues in geriatric care, in order to give nurses and other health care workers an overview of existing grievances and possible solutions to take care of old patients in a both ethical and legally correct way.

Methods:

Using a systematic approach based on Aveyard, a search of the PubMed, CINAHL, and Ethicshare databases was conducted to find out the articles published on ethical and legal issues in geriatric care.

Ethical considerations:

The approval for the study was obtained from UMIT-The Health and Life Sciences University, Austria.

Results:

Only 50 articles were included for systematic analysis reporting ethical and legal issues in the geriatric care. The results presented in this article showed that the main ethical issues were related to the older people’s autonomy, respect for their needs, wishes and values, and respect for their decision-making. The main legal issues were related to patients’ rights, advance directives, elderly rights, treatment nutrition dilemma, and autonomy.

Conclusion:

Further education for professional caregivers, elderly people, and their families is needed on following topics: care planning, directive and living wills, and caregiver-family member relationships to guide and support the elderly people within their decision-making processes and during the end-of-life care.
Gender Difference in Longitudinal Social and Personal Factors Related to Frequency of Alcohol Consumption of South Korean Adults: A Fixed-Effects Model
Authors: Sung Baksun
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal social and personal factors related to frequency of alcohol consumption by South Korean adults focused on comparisons between men and women. Data came from the 2005-2016 Korea Welfare Panel Study. A fixed-effects model was used to examine the longitudinal correlations between dependent and independent variables. According to the present results, first, life satisfaction except for health satisfaction and marital status were not associated with alcohol consumption patterns by men. On the other hand, higher frequency of alcohol consumption by women was negatively associated with various life satisfaction variables and being married. Second, income levels were positively associated with higher frequency of alcohol consumption by men, whereas income levels were not associated with alcohol consumption by women. Finally, being employed was positively associated with higher frequency of alcohol consumption by both men and women. In conclusion, there were gender differences in how alcohol consumption was influenced by various sociocultural and life satisfaction factors in South Korea.
Transplant-related Symptom Clusters in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Du Chun-Yan , Wu Si-Si , Fu Ying-Xin , Wang Han , Zhao Jie , Liu Hong-Xia
Published: May 2020

Renal transplant recipients experience multiple symptoms, but complex relationships among these symptoms remain poorly understood. To explore the existence of symptom clusters in renal transplant recipients. A total of 295 renal transplant recipients were recruited in a hospital in Tianjin from October 2017 to January 2018. The participants completed the symptom questionnaire that assessed three symptom dimensions of 62 symptoms. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify symptom clusters. Five symptom clusters were extracted through exploratory factor analysis: emotional-sleep symptom cluster, pain-gastrointestinal symptom cluster, immune-related symptom cluster, lack of energy symptom cluster, and visual dysfunction symptom cluster, which explained 50.53% of the variance of symptom experience. Renal transplant recipients experienced a complex series of symptoms, and some symptoms related to one another formed a symptom cluster. Adopting a symptom cluster approach has the potential to remarkably enhance symptom assessment and nursing care for renal transplant recipients.
The Price to Consumers of Generic Pharmaceuticals: Beyond the Headlines
Authors: Frank Richard G. , Hicks Andrew , Berndt Ernst R.
Published: May 2020

Generic drug prices have received a great deal of attention in the past few years. Many agencies have conducted investigations into the pricing patterns for generic drugs. Price spikes for several specific generic drugs have also been widely reported in the media. Today, 90% of all retail prescriptions sold in the United States are generic drugs. Thus, these prices affect affordability of prescription drugs. We construct two Laspeyres chained price indexes for generic prescription drugs. The first reflects direct out-of-pocket payments by consumers to pharmacies for dispensing generic prescription drugs. The second measures the total price received by the pharmacy (the direct out-of-pocket payment plus the price paid to the pharmacy by the insurer). The chained direct out-of-pocket consumer price index we construct shows a roughly 50% decline for generic prescription drugs between 2007 and 2016. The total consumer price index for generic prescription drugs fell by nearly 80%.
On the Nature of Everyday Prospection: A Review and Theoretical Integration of Research on Mind-Wandering, Future Thinking, and Prospective Memory
Authors: Kvavilashvili Lia , Rummel Jan
Published: May 2020

The ability to imagine and simulate events that may happen in the future has been studied in several related but independent research areas (e.g., episodic future thinking, mind-wandering, prospective memory), with a newly emerging field of involuntary future thinking focusing primarily on the spontaneous occurrence of such thoughts. In this article, we review evidence from these diverse fields to address important questions about why do people think about the future, what are the typical and most frequent contents of such thoughts, and how do these thoughts occur (are they spontaneous or constructed deliberately). Results of the literature review provide support for the pragmatic theory of prospection, by showing that when people engage in prospective thought naturally, without being explicitly instructed to do so, they predominantly think about their upcoming tasks and planned activities instead of simulating plausible but novel hypothetical scenarios. Moreover, prospective thoughts are more often spontaneous than deliberate and effortful, and their occurrence seems to increase the likelihood of planned activities being completed in the future. The findings are discussed in the context of a new “pragmatic dual process account” of future thinking, and new avenues for future research on prospection are outlined.
Quantitative Neurotoxicology: An Assessment of the Neurotoxic Profile of Kainic Acid in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Srivastava Anshul , Liachenko Serguei , Sarkar Sumit , Paule Merle , Negi Geeta , Pandey Jai P. , Hanig Joseph P.
Published: May 2020

This study consisted of a qualitative and quantitative assessment of neuropathological changes in kainic acid (KA)–treated adult male rats. Rats were administered a single 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of KA or the same volume of saline and sacrificed 24 or 48 hours posttreatment. Brains were collected, sectioned coronally (∼ 81 slices), and stained with amino cupric silver to reveal degenerative changes. For qualitative assessment of neural degeneration, sectioned material was evaluated by a board-certified pathologist, and the level of degeneration was graded based upon a 4-point scale. For measurement of quantitative neural degeneration in response to KA treatment, the HALO digital image analysis software tool was used. Quantitative measurements of specific regions within the brain were obtained from silver-stained tissue sections with quantitation based on stain color and optical density. This quantitative evaluation method identified degeneration primarily in the cerebral cortex, septal nuclei, amygdala, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus. The KA-produced neuronal degeneration in the cortex was primarily in the piriform, insular, rhinal, and cingulate areas. In the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus was found to be the most affected area. Our findings indicate global neurotoxicity due to KA treatment. Certain brain structures exhibited more degeneration than others, reflecting differential sensitivity or vulnerability of neurons to KA.
Medium-term outcome and classification of traumatic anterior hip dislocations
Authors: Yaari Lee S , Kadar Assaf , Shemesh Shai , Haviv Barak , Leslie Michael P
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Traumatic anterior hip dislocations are subdivided to obturator (inferior) and pubic (superior) dislocations by Epstein’s descriptive classification. This rare injury is thought to have favourable clinical outcomes. The incidence of associated femoral head and acetabular injuries has been low in past case series. We sought to revisit this injury and classification in the era of advanced imaging and contemporary surgical techniques.

Materials and methods:

A retrospective study of 15 patients treated for anterior hip dislocation was performed. Medical records were reviewed for demographic and surgical data. Imaging studies were revisited to determine direction of dislocation and associated fractures. Patients were assessed for pain, hip function using the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), hip range of motion and radiographic changes. Mean follow-up time was 3 years.

Results:

Anterior dislocation occurred in an obturator (inferior), pubic (superior) or central direction. 9 patients had concomitant femoral head impaction and 7 patients suffered from acetabular fractures. 8 patients with an anterior hip dislocation underwent surgical treatment. This therapy, along with early range of motion and weight bearing, produced favourable clinical outcomes with 9 patients reporting no pain and an average mHHS of 83.8. 6 patients had heterotopic ossification at latest follow-up.

Conclusions:

Traumatic anterior hip dislocation is commonly associated with femoral head impaction and acetabular injuries which should be addressed operatively when appropriate to produce favourable results. In this paper, we propose a revision to the commonly used descriptive classification system.
Pre-procedural ultrasound-guided evaluation of left internal jugular vein and brachiocephalic vein: Experience on infants <1 year
Authors: Uzumcugil Filiz
Published: May 2020

Pre-procedural evaluation of central veins prior to cannulation with ultrasound is essential to reduce the complication rates as well as to increase the success rates. The left brachiocephalic vein has been suggested to be considered as first choice in infants including the neonates due to its larger diameter and ease of access with supraclavicular, ultrasound-guided, in-plane technique. There are few studies on neonates and infants comparing the diameter of brachiocephalic vein with internal jugular vein being its most common alternative. The aim of the present report is to share our observations pertaining to the pre-procedural measurements of the diameters of left internal jugular vein and brachiocephalic vein in infants <1 year. The measurements were analysed in accordance with the weights of the infants (<2500 g and ⩾2500 g). In infants <2500 g, the brachiocephalic vein was larger than the internal jugular vein (4.0 ± 0.7 (3.2–5.2) mm vs 3.2 ± 0.7 (1.9– 4.3) mm, p = 0.032), whereas the diameters of two major veins were similar in infants ⩾2500 g (4.8 ± 1.2 (2.3–6.4) mm vs 5.1 ± 0.9 (2.8–6.7) mm, p = 0.363). Our observations support the suggestion of the brachiocephalic vein to be considered as the first choice for large-bore cannulation due to its larger diameter as well as its other advantages, especially in neonates <2500 g.
Validation of the Three-Item Skindex-Mini Among Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients With Diverse Racial Backgrounds
Authors: Orenstein Lauren A.V. , Amah Adaugo , Shaw Fiona M. , Zhang Chao , Swerlick Robert A. , Chen Suephy C.
Published: May 2020

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that severely impairs patients’ quality of life (QoL). Instruments such as the 10-item Dermatology Life Quality Index and 16-item Skindex-16 have been used to assess QoL in HS; however, it is unknown whether the shorter 3-item Skindex-mini can also provide an accurate assessment of skin-related QoL in patients with HS.

Objectives

The aim was to assess how well the Skindex-16 correlates with its shorter adaptation, the Skindex-mini, in capturing QoL among patients with HS.

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study included all HS patients seen in the HS Clinic at The Emory Clinic between January 1, 2019, and August 16, 2019. We compared the correlation between the symptom, emotion, and function domains of the Skindex-16 and Skindex-mini using Pearson correlation coefficients (CC). Secondary outcome measures included individual survey item analysis, ItchyQuant scores, and numeric rating scale of pain.

Results

We identified 108 encounters among 75 unique hidradenitis suppurativa patients (43 black/African American, 18 white, 5 Asian/Pacific Islander, 3 Latino, 4 Other, 2 unknown). Pearson CC between the Skindex-16 and Skindex-mini domain scores for all encounters were 0.770 ( P < .001), 0.787 ( P < .001), and 0.801 ( P < .001) for the symptom, emotion, and function domains, respectively. The mean pain and ItchyQuant scores were 4.14 (SD 3.31) and 3.55 (SD 3.34), respectively.

Conclusions

The Skindex-mini correlated highly with the Skindex-16 in a racially diverse group of patients with HS. The Skindex-mini is a streamlined QoL instrument that could be practically implemented into routine clinical care among diverse patients presenting to dermatology.
Chasing the Concrete Dragon: China’s Urban Landscapes in Skate Video
Authors: McDuie-Ra Duncan
Published: May 2020

This article explores the centrality of China’s cities to skate video; the most popular form for capturing, circulating, and consuming skateboarding. China’s urban growth produces endless spots to skate; a spot is assemblage of objects and surfaces that offer the opportunity to perform skateboarding maneuvers (tricks). Skate video is the substance of skate culture, the once quintessentially Californian pastime turned global subculture and industry. After skateboarding left the skatepark for the streets in the 1990s, and once video became easier to circulate digitally through streaming platforms in the mid-2000s, the search for spots to perform and capture unsanctioned street skateboarding spread to China’s urban landscapes, beginning with Shenzhen. China’s cities are sites of global desire among skateboarders for the perfect surfaces and obstacles created in the built environment and the speed at which they are produced. Using skate video as an archive I make four arguments. First, China’s cities imputed with a mythical character; endless spots produced with miraculous speed. Second, skate videos re-map China’s cities through the skater’s gaze, a form of urban knowledge both unique and widely shared. Third, the search for spots indexes urban development in China, privileging the recent and shunning the past. Fourth, skateboarding in China’s cities create spaces for inter-cultural encounter between skateboarders and authority, the public and other skateboarders. The article concludes by discussing the utility of skate video as an alternative visual archive of urban China for foreign audiences and increasingly for skate communities in China itself.
Evolution laws of distributed vortex-induced pressures and energy of a flat-closed-box girder via numerical simulation
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Li Yongle , Xu Xinyu , Tang Haojun , Wang Bin
Published: May 2020

This article investigates the vertical vortex-induced vibration of a flat-closed-box girder using numerical simulation method. The accuracy of simulation results is verified at first by comparing the displacement responses and vortex-induced force of vertical vortex-induced vibration with those obtained in a previous wind tunnel test of large-scale sectional model. The precision of extracting the vortex-induced pressures from the surface pressures and decomposing the vortex-induced pressures via the mathematical model is validated later. Subsequently, the vortex-induced pressures and energy distribution, and the evolution laws of vortex-induced pressures and energy are discussed. The results show that the linear aerodynamic negative damping and nonlinear aerodynamic positive damping are key factors of the rapid development of vortex-induced vibration and the self-limiting phenomenon separately. The positive aerodynamic damping is mainly provided by the lower surface and the middle of the upper surface, and the negative aerodynamic damping is primarily provided by the middle and downstream of the upper surface.
The EU (non) co-ordination of minimum subsistence benefits: What went wrong and what ways forward?
Authors: Vonk Gijsbert
Published: May 2020

This contribution deals with the co-ordination of minimum subsistence benefits in EU law. It is argued that the distinction between social assistance schemes and non-contributory benefits in EU social security law is becoming increasingly redundant. This is recognised in the case law of the CJEU, although paradoxically not in a way that strengthens the rights of mobile citizens, but in an adverse manner that undermines the co-ordination efforts of non-contributory benefits under Regulation 883/2004. In order to overcome this problem, it is argued that social assistance should be included in the material scope of application of Regulation 883/2004. This regulation should abandon the concept of special non-contributory benefits and introduce a new category of minimum subsistence benefits, which would also include social assistance schemes. Such a change could be accompanied by a single, coherent principle to govern the relationship between the right to benefits (Regulation 883/2004) and residence rights (Directive 2004/38), if necessary supported by a cost sharing mechanism for minimum substance benefits under Regulation 883/2004 and, preferably, by a recognition of minimum protection standards for economically non-active EU citizens without a legal right of residence.
Temporal evolution analysis of in-cylinder flow by means of proper orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Shen Li , Teh Kwee-Yan , Ge Penghui , Zhao Fengnian , Hung David LS
Published: May 2020

In-cylinder flow fields and their temporal evolution have strong effect on the combustion dynamics of internal combustion engines. Proper orthogonal decomposition is a statistical tool to analyze these flow fields by decomposing them into flow patterns (known as proper orthogonal decomposition modes) and corresponding coefficients with their contribution to the ensemble flow kinetic energy successively maximized. However, neither of the two prevailing proper orthogonal decomposition approaches satisfactorily describes the temporal behavior of the flow fields. The phase-dependent proper orthogonal decomposition approach is limited to analyzing spatial flow structures at a certain engine phase. The phase-invariant proper orthogonal decomposition approach attempts to account for both spatial and temporal variations, but at the expense of diminished statistical and physical significance. In this article, we seek to understand the temporal behavior of tumble flow fields by analyzing the evolution of low-order phase-dependent proper orthogonal decomposition modes over multiple crank angles. The concept of relevance index is first generalized to enable comparison between two vectorial fields of different sizes. This metric is then used to quantify the directional similarities between the two lowest proper orthogonal decomposition modes obtained at sequential crank angles. The mode shapes are observed to evolve gradually and naturally over most crank angles, but change significantly at certain crank angles during intake. The results indicate that each of the low-order modes features strong velocity fluctuations in different regions of the tumble plane, and different numbers of modes are needed to represent the dominant features of tumble flow at different engine phases. Based on this understanding, we propose to use the partial sum of those proper orthogonal decomposition modes and their coefficients to form a low-order approximation model of the in-cylinder tumble flow, in order to reduce flow field complexity and noise while retaining its major spatial and temporal features.
Digital Subtraction Angiography Prior to an Amputation for Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI): An Expert Recommendation Statement From the CLI Global Society to Optimize Limb Salvage
Authors: Mustapha Jihad A. , Saab Fadi A. , Martinsen Brad J. , Pena Constantino S. , Zeller Thomas , Driver Vickie R. , Neville Richard F. , Lookstein Robert , van den Berg Jos C. , Jaff Michael R. , Michael Paul , Henao Steve , AlMahameed Amjad , Katzen Barry
Published: May 2020

Despite recent guideline updates on peripheral artery disease (PAD) and critical limb ischemia (CLI) treatment, the optimal treatment for CLI is still being debated. As a result, care is inconsistent, with many CLI patients undergoing an amputation prior to what many consider to be mandatory: consultation with an interdisciplinary specialty care team and a comprehensive imaging assessment. More importantly, quality imaging is critical in CLI patients with below-the-knee disease. Therefore, the CLI Global Society has put forth an interdisciplinary expert recommendation for superselective digital subtraction angiography (DSA) that includes the ankle and foot in properly indicated CLI patients to optimize limb salvage. A recommended imaging algorithm for CLI patients is included.
Pseudoaneurysm of the Left Common Carotid Artery With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Umeno Tadashi , Shuto Takashi , Anai Hirofumi , Wada Tomoyuki , Kawashima Takayuki , Miyamoto Shinji
Published: May 2020

We describe a 54-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 who presented with a left-sided neck mass. Computed tomography demonstrated a left common carotid artery aneurysm (51 × 33 mm). Surgery was performed because of the risk of rupture. The left common carotid artery was found to be a huge aneurysmal dilatation, and the arterial wall partially collapsed and extensively adherent to the surrounding tissues. Left common carotid artery to internal carotid artery bypass grafting was performed with a reversed saphenous vein graft. Histopathological examination revealed vascular fragility of the left carotid arterial wall.
Risk of malignancies in patients with spondyloarthritis treated with biologics compared with those treated with non-biologics: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kwan Yu Heng , Lim Ka Keat , Fong Warren , Goh Hendra , Ng Linkai , Haaland Benjamin , Phang Jie Kie , Low Lian Leng , Yeo Joo Guan , Huang Feng , Leung Ying Ying , Thumboo Julian , Østbye Truls
Published: May 2020

Background:

The aim of our study was to synthesize evidence on the occurrence of malignancy in spondyloarthritis (SpA), from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing biologics with non-biologics and biologics to each other.

Methods:

We systematically searched Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception until 31 October 2018. RCTs with ⩾24-week follow-up were included. We extracted data using standardized forms and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. We performed pair-wise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses to compare the risk of malignancy for each biologics class and SpA type. We reported the Peto odds ratio (OR) of any malignancy along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Bayesian posterior probabilities comparing risk of malignancy of each biologic class with non-biologics were computed as supplementary measures.

Results:

Fifty-four trials were included; most (44/54) had follow-up <1 year. Among 14,245 patients, 63 developed a malignancy. While most Peto ORs were >1, they had wide 95% CI and p >0.05. The overall Peto OR comparing biologics with non-biologics was 1.42 (95% CI 0.80–2.53). Only interleukin-17 inhibitors in peripheral SpA had p <0.05 (Peto OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.07–7.13); the posterior probability that the risk was higher than non-biologics was 98%. Stratified analyses revealed no consistent trend by prior exposure to biologics, duration of follow-up, study quality, study-arm crossover, analytical approaches and type of malignancy.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate no overall elevated risk of malignancy with biologics in SpA. As our meta-analyses are unable to conclude on the long-term risk, long-term pharmacovigilance of biologics in SpA may still be warranted.
Cystodistension injuries and long-term bladder functional outcomes: A unique case series from medical malpractice
Authors: Goldsmith Louise , Eyre David , Reynard John
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

Bladder overdistension injuries are rare, but they can have devastating effects on the individual and lead to litigation. We aimed to (a) test the hypothesis that larger distension volumes and longer distension times are more likely to generate acontractile bladders, (b) determine prognostic information and (c) guide management protocols aimed at preventing cystodistension injuries.

Patients and methods:

We report 18 cases of cystodistension injury following acute urinary retention. One author provided expert medical opinion in these cases, where redress was sought in the UK courts through medical malpractice claims. Data were collected retrospectively.

Results:

The cohort comprised 17 females and 1 male. The mean age was 31 years (range 17–69 years). Precipitating events included six surgical procedures, 11 vaginal deliveries and one episode of back pain. The median retention volume was 1450 mL (range 1000–3800 mL), and the median duration of retention was 1200 minutes (range 470–10,365 minutes). Fourteen patients performed intermittent self-catheterisation (ISC), six requiring this temporarily. No statistically significant association was demonstrated between retention characteristics and long-term functional outcomes of the bladder.

Conclusions:

This case series demonstrates cystodistension injuries to be unpredictable in their long-term impact. No association between volume and duration of retention and long-term bladder function was found. In the long term, 50% void spontaneously, 33% void spontaneously but require ISC to effect complete bladder emptying and 17% remain catheter dependent.

Level of evidence:

Level 4