bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear Mixed Modeling of Federated Data When Only the Mean, Covariance, and Sample Size Are Available
Authors: Limpoco Marie Analiz April , Faes Christel , Hens Niel
Published: December 2024

In medical research, individual‐level patient data provide invaluable information, but the patients' right to confidentiality remains of utmost priority. This poses a huge challenge when estimating statistical models such as a linear mixed model, which is an extension of linear regression models that can account for potential heterogeneity whenever data come from different data providers. Federated learning tackles this hurdle by estimating parameters without retrieving individual‐level data. Instead, iterative communication of parameter estimate updates between the data providers and analysts is required. In this article, we propose an alternative framework to federated learning for fitting linear mixed models. Specifically, our approach only requires the mean, covariance, and sample size of multiple covariates from different data providers once. Using the principle of statistical sufficiency within the likelihood framework as theoretical support, this proposed strategy achieves estimates identical to those derived from actual individual‐level data. We demonstrate this approach through real data on 15 068 patient records from 70 clinics at the Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania. Assuming that each clinic only shares summary statistics once, we model the COVID‐19 polymerase chain reaction test cycle threshold as a function of patient information. Simplicity, communication efficiency, generalisability, and wider scope of implementation in any statistical software distinguish our approach from existing strategies in the literature.
Selectively Self‐Aligned Sol‐Gel Copper Oxide for Large‐Area Multi‐Valued Logic Devices
Authors: Baek Seokhyeon , Kim Wonsik , Lee Won‐June , Choi Jun‐Gyu , Park Sungjun
Published: December 2024

Rapid expansion of digital information density has led to a growing demand for multi‐valued logic (MVL) systems, which aim to minimize energy and time consumption for computations. Heterojunction transistors represent a class of device architectures for MVL circuits; however, partially layered structures can be realized only for vacuum‐deposited organic and transferred 2D materials due to the constraints of patterning processes. In this study, a novel CuxO/IGZO heterojunction‐based ternary inverter is presented via a sol‐gel technique and direct patterning process using a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM). This approach allows for a promising alternative to conventional photolithography, with the electrical characteristics of SAM‐processed oxide thin‐film transistors closely matching those of pristine devices. Structural investigations validate the partially overlapped heterojunction and its smoothness. Depth profiling with x‐ray photoelectronspectroscopy highlights an oxidation gradient in CuxO, suggesting enhanced hole introduction at the IGZO interface. This mechanism potentially supports efficient hole transport and negative differential transconductance, foundational for MVL systems. Such advancements signify the potential for solution‐processable digital electronics that offer streamlined fabrication at an affordable budget.
Anisotropic Strain Evolution of Layered LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathode in Formation Cycle
Authors: Li Kaili , Chen Weixin , Liu Zhiling , Shi Yuansheng , Qian Guoyu , Lu Xueyi , Wei Bin , Zhang Qinghua , Sun Yang , Lu Xia
Published: December 2024

The formation process plays a key role in developing long life and high energy density materials, during which the phase transition, strain evolution, and structural self‐adaption interact rationally with each other to produce a qualified electrode for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Taking the layered LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode as an example, the substantial structural changes, both in the bulk and at the surface are thoroughly documented during the formation cycle. Upon initial charging, different phases emerge continuously, resulting in lattice mismatches, inhomogeneous strain, and microstructural distortions. The irreversible loss of lattice oxygen, combined with the spontaneous cation mixing and the formation of rock‐salt phase at the surface, contributes to the initial capacity loss. As a self‐adjustment process, this initial capacity loss facilitates the development of a robust LixNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 electrode by relieving internal strain and stabilizing the rippled layered structure, thereby ensuring highly reversible electrochemical behavior in subsequent cycles. These findings lay a solid foundation for the design and optimization of layered cathodes for rechargeable batteries.
Remotely Sequential Activation of Biofunctional MXenes for Spatiotemporally Controlled Photothermal Cancer Therapy Integrated with Multimodal Imaging
Authors: Jia Jing , Zhang Xiaobo , Li Yiran , Wang Tian , An Ying , Yan Xinrong , Liu Bin , Yang Chaoyi , Ju Huangxian
Published: December 2024

Spatiotemporally controlled cancer therapy may offer great advantages in precision medicine, but still remains some challenges in programmed sequential release and co‐localization of components at target sites. Herein, a MXene‐based nanoprobe (TCC@M) is meticulously designed by engineering of photodynamically activated CRISPR‐Cas9 and cancer cell membrane‐camouflaged Ti3C2 MXenes for targeting delivery and spatiotemporally controlled gene regulation followed by enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) via two near‐infrared irradiations. The first irradiation can activate the photosensitizer bound in cancer cells internalized TCC@M to release Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) by photodynamic effect. The released Cas9 RNP then enters the nuclei directed by the fused nuclear localization sequence in Cas9 to cleave the heat shock protein (HSP) 90α gene, which greatly reduces the expression of HSP90α protein and thus effectively sensitizes cancer cells to heat, leading to enhanced PTT at a mild temperature (<45 °C) risen by Ti₃C₂ MXenes under the second irradiation. Simultaneously, TCC@M can produce fluorescence, photoacoustic, and thermal imaging signals to guide the optimal irradiation timing. The in vivo studies have demonstrated the spatiotemporally selective therapeutic efficacy of the designed TCC@M. This innovative approach presents an effective integration of gene regulation and enhanced PTT, exemplifying a precise cancer treatment strategy.
Quantitative Evaluation of Deformation Mechanisms in Austenitic Hadfield Steel under Different Strain Rates
Authors: Khedr Mahmoud , Li Wei , Min Na , Elsheikh Ammar. H. , Jin Xuejun
Published: December 2024

An austenitic Hadfield steel (1.13% C and 12.45% Mn) is tensile tested under different strain rates (10−5, 10−3, and 10−1 s−1) to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of different deformation mechanisms to the flow stress. Dislocation densities are determined through X‐ray diffraction, twin plates characteristics are assessed via transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic strain aging (DSA) is estimated based on carbon concentration revealed by 3D atomic probe tomography. The results indicate a rise in dislocation density, twin volume fraction, and twin plates width with rising strain rates, while DSA exhibits a decrease. Furthermore, no contribution of strain‐induced martensite is observed. At 10−5 s−1, the contribution of forest hardening induced by dislocations, mechanical twining, and DSA recorded ≈300, 400, and 60 MPa, respectively, whereas the respective values at 10−1 s−1 were ≈560, 510, and 6 MPa. Scanning electron microscope analysis of fracture surfaces reveals an increase in dimple features with increasing strain rate, attributed to the concurrent enhancement of strength and ductility.
Quiver algebras and their representations for arbitrary quivers
Authors: Li Wei
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The quiver Yangians were originally defined for the quiver and superpotential from string theory on general toric Calabi-Yau threefolds, and serve as BPS algebras of these systems. Their characters reproduce the unrefined BPS indices, which are related to classical Donaldson-Thomas (DT) invariants. We generalize this construction in two directions. First, we show that this definition extends to arbitrary quivers with potentials. Second, we explore how one can refine the characters of the quiver Yangian to incorporate the refined BPS indices, which are related to motivic DT invariants. We focus on two main classes of quivers: the BPS quivers of 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories and the quivers from the knot-quiver correspondence. The entire construction allows for straightforward generalizations to trigonometric, elliptic, and generalized cohomologies.
Anomaly-aware summary statistic from data batches
Authors: Grosso G.
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Signal-agnostic data exploration based on machine learning could unveil very subtle statistical deviations of collider data from the expected Standard Model of particle physics. The beneficial impact of a large training sample on machine learning solutions motivates the exploration of increasingly large and inclusive samples of acquired data with resource efficient computational methods. In this work we consider the New Physics Learning Machine (NPLM), a multivariate goodness-of-fit test built on the Neyman-Pearson maximum-likelihood-ratio construction, and we address the problem of testing large size samples under computational and storage resource constraints. We propose to perform parallel NPLM routines over batches of the data, and to combine them by locally aggregating over the data-to-reference density ratios learnt by each batch. The resulting data hypothesis defining the likelihood-ratio test is thus shared over the batches, and complies with the assumption that the expected rate of new physical processes is time invariant. We show that this method outperforms the simple sum of the independent tests run over the batches, and can recover, or even surpass, the sensitivity of the single test run over the full data. Beside the significant advantage for the offline application of NPLM to large size samples, the proposed approach offers new prospects toward the use of NPLM to construct anomaly-aware summary statistics in quasi-online data streaming scenarios.
Stabilization of a cyclic network of strings by nodal control
Authors: Gugat Martin
Published: December 2024

We consider a network of coupled strings that contains a cycle. We show that boundary feedback stabilization that uses only data of the state at boundary nodes that are not contained in the cycle is in general impossible. We demonstrate that also with control actuators that act at the interior nodes contained in the cycle with certain standard control laws that use only Neumann control action the situation does not improve and the system is still not stable. We prove that with an actuator that uses also Dirichlet control action and is located within the cycle, exponential stabilization is possible.
The influence of electrode array design, scalar dislocation and insertion technique on postoperative vertigo in CI surgery – a prospective study
Authors: Ketterer Manuel Christoph , Rauch A. K. , Beck R. L. , Jakob T. F. , Fries L. , Aschendorff A. , Arndt S. , Everad F.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the effect of electrode array design, insertion angle, scalar position, and insertion technique on the occurrence of postoperative subjective vertigo following cochlear implant (CI) surgery using questionnaires in conjunction with objective vestibular functional measurements.

Materials and methods

We prospectively evaluated subjective vertigo using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). Additionally, we performed videonystagmography, video head-impulse tests, and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials to assess the objective vestibular function preoperatively, at four weeks and 12 months after CI. These results were compared with those of postoperative imaging using digital volume tomography.

Results

Postoperative vertigo was observed in 2 out of 62 patients (3%). Cochleostomy (n = 8) did not lead to an increase in postoperative vertigo. Functional diagnostics revealed abnormalities in up to 23% of patients without subjective dizziness. In our patient cohort, neither electrode array dislocation nor increasing insertion depth was associated with an increase in postoperative vertigo.

Conclusion

Both postoperative vertigo occurrence and electrode array dislocation rates have significantly decreased due to the optimized atraumatic electrode array design and improved surgical insertion techniques. Neither dislocation nor cochleostomy appeared to induce vertigo but the sample size was too small to draw definitive conclusions.
A novel method based on hybrid deep learning with explainability for olive fruit pest forecasting
Authors: Chacón-Maldonado A. M. , Melgar-García L. , Asencio-Cortés G. , Troncoso A.
Published: December 2024

Predicting the occurrence of crop pests is becoming a crucial task in modern agriculture to facilitate farmers’ decision-making. One of the most significant pests is the olive fruit fly, a public concern because it causes damage that compromises oil quality, increasing acidity and altering its flavor. This paper proposes a hybrid deep learning model to predict the presence of olive flies in crops. This model is based on an autoencoder and an automated deep feed-forward neural network. First, the autoencoder neural network learns a representation of the data and then the automated deep feed-forward neural network automatically determines the best values for the hyperparameters in order to obtain the prediction of the number of flies caught in traps from the dataset generated by the autoencoder. On the other hand, farmers to trust the proposed deep learning models need these models to be explainable. Thus, explainable artificial intelligence techniques are applied to the produced models to interpret the results. Results using a dataset from different sources such as satellite image band data, vegetation indices, and meteorological variables are reported. The performance of the proposed model has been compared with classical benchmark algorithms and a deep learning model recently published in the literature. In addition, the comparison includes the automated deep feed-forward neural network individually to show how the autoencoder network improves the accuracy of predictions.
Chemical environment adaptive learning for optical band gap prediction of doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets
Authors: Chen Chen , Xu Enze , Yang Defu , Yan Chenggang , Wei Tao , Chen Hanning , Wei Yong , Chen Minghan
Published: December 2024

This study presents a new machine learning algorithm, named Chemical Environment Graph Neural Network (ChemGNN), designed to accelerate materials property prediction and advance new materials discovery. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and its doped variants have gained significant interest for their potential as optical materials. Accurate prediction of their band gaps is crucial for practical applications; however, traditional quantum simulation methods are computationally expensive and challenging to explore the vast space of possible doped molecular structures. The proposed ChemGNN leverages the learning ability of current graph neural networks (GNNs) to satisfactorily capture the characteristics of atoms' chemical environment underlying complex molecular structures. Our experimental results demonstrate more than 100% improvement in band gap prediction accuracy over existing GNNs on g-C3N4. Furthermore, the general ChemGNN model can precisely foresee band gaps of various doped g-C3N4 structures, making it a valuable tool for performing high-throughput prediction in materials design and development.
The potential of precision diabetology for type 2 diabetes treatment—evidence from a meta-regression for all-cause mortality from large cardiovascular outcome trials
Authors: Kuss Oliver , Roden Michael , Schlesinger Sabrina , Hoyer Annika
Published: December 2024

Aims

Two prerequisites must be met for the precision treatment approach to be beneficial for treated individuals. First, there must be treatment heterogeneity; second, in case of treatment heterogeneity, clinical predictors to identify people who would benefit from one treatment more than from others must be available. There is an established meta-regression approach to assess these two prerequisites that relies on measuring the variability of a clinical outcome after treatment in placebo-controlled randomised trials. We recently applied this approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes for the clinical outcomes of glycaemic control and body weight and repeat it for the clinical outcome of all-cause mortality.

Methods

We performed a meta-regression analysis using digitalized individual participant information on time to death from 10 large cardiovascular outcome trials (7563 deaths from 99,746 participants) on DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT-2 inhibitors with respect to the variability of all-cause mortality and its potential predictors after treatment.

Results

The adjusted difference in log(SD) values of time to death between the verum and placebo arms was −0.036 (95%-CI: −0.059; −0.013), showing larger variability of time to death in the placebo arms. No clinical predictors were found to explain treatment heterogeneity.

Conclusions

This analysis suggests that the potential of the precision treatment approach in type 2 diabetes is low, at least with regard to improvement of all-cause mortality in population with high cardiovascular risk. This extends our previous findings for the clinical outcomes of glycaemic control and body weight.
A Novel In Silico–Ex Vivo Model for Correlating Coating Transfer to Tissue with Local Drug-Coated Balloon-Vessel Contact Pressures
Authors: Stratakos Efstathios , Tscheuschner Linnea , Vincenzi Lorenzo , Pedrinazzi Edoardo , Sigala Fragiska , D’Andrea Luca , Gastaldi Dario , Berti Francesca , Tzafriri Abraham Rami , Pennati Giancarlo
Published: December 2024

Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) aim to deliver drug-loaded surface coating upon inflation at specific vascular sites, yet the role of inflation pressure remains to be defined. We implement a new approach combining ex vivo stamping experiments with in silico simulations to study acute coating transfer by commercial DCBs. This methodology comprises 3 essential pillars: (I) DCB resin inflation and slicing into cylindrical segments for subsequent stamping onto porcine-excised tissue, (II) Numerical inflation of a full DCB replica in an idealized porcine vessel to predict in vivo interfacial contact pressures (CPs) and subsequent interfacial-level numerical stamping to calculate appropriate benchtop forces that recreate these in vivo CP values, and (III) ex vivo stamping experiments and optical analysis of the stamped surfaces (DCB segment and arterial tissue), using a standard high-resolution camera to visualize coating. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed as a validated assay for quantifying drug in tissue samples post-stamping. HPLC analysis revealed a significant correlation with image processing, confirming the validity of the optical method as a tool to quantify DCB coating. Image and HPLC analysis revealed a statistically significant twofold rise in coating area and drug content to tissue, respectively, when the average CP roughly doubled (0.16–0.35 atm) and a non-statistically significant increase in coating area and drug content with a further rough doubling of average CP (0.35 to 0.75 atm). Imaging of DCB segments pre- and post-stamping showed transfer of partial coating thickness at low CP, contrasting with complete transfer at high CP at the same site. 3D confocal images of DCB surfaces revealed variable thickness in the transferred coating. This study introduces a comprehensive methodology for evaluating the efficacy of commercial DCB coating transfer to arterial tissue—a crucial precursor to drug elution studies—while minimizing the number of DCBs needed and improving variable control and realism.
Predicting Occupational Outcomes for Individuals with ADHD: The Role of Hyperactivity/Impulsivity and Executive Functioning
Authors: Chan Elizabeth S. M. , Langberg Joshua M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The present study adds to the literature by evaluating the differential risk of ADHD symptom dimensions and executive functioning (EF; time management, organization, motivation) to key occupational outcomes.

Methods

Participants were adults (N = 100; 51% male) with ADHD working full-time between the ages of 19–30 (M = 26.61, SD = 2.28). Participants reported on their ADHD symptoms and EF as well as on five areas of occupational functioning (income, written warnings, boredom at work, satisfaction with coworkers and supervisors).

Results

Over and above medication status, sex, and age, path analyses revealed hyperactivity/impulsivity and time management were the most consistent predictors of outcomes. Higher levels of each predictor were associated with lower income, more written warnings, greater boredom at work, as well as lower satisfaction with coworkers and supervisors. Executive function difficulties with organization and motivation were risk factors for all evaluated outcomes, except written warnings. Higher levels of inattention symptoms were associated with more written warnings and lower satisfaction with coworkers.

Conclusion

The present study is one of the first to document the differential risks of ADHD symptoms and EF to a comprehensive set of occupational functioning outcomes. Future research is needed to replicate the present findings and expand this line of work to identify factors that may protect against these ADHD-related risks on workplace success.
Primary diffuse leptomeningeal glioblastoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Mondia Mark Willy L. , Hooks Rebekka E. , Maragkos Georgios A. , Smith Vanessa L. , McCord Matthew R. , Donahue Joseph H. , Williams Eli S. , Lopes M. Beatriz , Schiff David , Asthagiri Ashok R.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Glioblastoma (GBM) that presents as leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is extremely rare and fatal. Limited data are available regarding incidence, clinical presentation, and management. Prognosis is poor and no treatment is known to improve survival.

Methods and results

We present a case report of a 72-year-old female who presented with depressed sensorium, ataxia, and myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse supratentorial and spinal LMD. There was an absence of any detectable and distinct intraparenchymal lesion on neuroaxis imaging. Biopsy of the Sylvian fissure nodule revealed GBM. Steroid therapy was ineffective for symptom relief. She opted for palliative care and expired shortly after diagnosis.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of GBM presenting exclusively as LMD without a primary lesion. If systemic imaging techniques do not provide a biopsy target and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies are non-diagnostic, tissue diagnosis from leptomeningeal biopsy is recommended. Palliative chemoradiation or best supportive care are reasonable treatment options.
Plant growth Enhancement in Colchicine-Treated Tomato Seeds without Polyploidy Induction
Authors: Obando-González Rosa Irma , Martínez-Hernández Luis Enrique , Núñez-Muñoz Leandro Alberto , Calderón-Pérez Berenice , Ruiz-Medrano Roberto , Ramírez-Pool José Abrahán , Xoconostle-Cázares Beatriz
Published: December 2024

Plant breeding plays a pivotal role in the development of improved tomato cultivars, addressing various challenges faced by this crop worldwide. Tomato crop yield is affected by biotic and abiotic stress, including diverse pathogens and pests, extreme temperatures, drought, and soil salinity, thus affecting fruit quality, and overall crop productivity. Through strategic plant breeding approaches, it is possible to increase the genetic diversity of tomato cultivars, leading to the development of varieties with increased resistance to prevalent diseases and pests, improved tolerance to environmental stress, and enhanced adaptability to changing agroclimatic conditions. The induction of genetic variability using antimitotic agents, such as colchicine, has been widely employed in plant breeding precisely to this end. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of colchicine-treated tomato plants exhibiting larger size, characterized by larger leaves, while seedlings of the T2 generation harbored three cotyledons. A total of 382 differentially expressed genes encoding proteins associated with anatomical structure development, hormone synthesis and transport, flavonoid biosynthesis, and responses to various stimuli, stresses, and defense mechanisms were identified. Gene enrichment analysis suggests a role for auxin and flavonoid biosynthesis in cotyledon formation. Furthermore, single-nucleotide polymorphisms were mapped in colchicine-treated plants and determined which corresponded to differentially- expressed genes. Interestingly, most were associated to only a few genes in a similar location. This study provides significant insights into the genes and metabolic pathways affected in colchicine-treated tomatoes that exhibit improved agronomic traits, such as plant vigor and improved photosynthesis rate.
The Letters of Oliver Goldsmith
Authors: Goldsmith Oliver
Published: December 2024

This first modern scholarly edition of the letters of Oliver Goldsmith (1728–1774) sets the author of The Vicar of Wakefield, The Deserted Village, and She Stoops to Conquer in a rich context, showing how Goldsmith's Irish identity was marked and complicated by cosmopolitan ambition. He was at the very heart of Grub Street culture and the Georgian theatre, and was a founding member of Dr Johnson's Literary Club; his circle included Edmund Burke, Joshua Reynolds, David Garrick, George Colman and Hester Piozzi. Containing a detailed introduction and extensive notes, this edition is essential to those wishing to know more about Goldsmith the man and the writer, and provides a rich and suggestive nexus for understanding the cultural cross-currents of the literary Enlightenment in eighteenth-century London.
Study of performance of an internal strut-based thrust vectoring control system
Authors: Soundararajan Harish , Sridhar B.T.N.
Published: December 2024

In this paper the performance of an internal strut-based thrust vector control (TVC) system has been studied at different expansion conditions of propulsion nozzle. The TVC system uses a cylindrical strut inserted through the diverging wall of a supersonic nozzle. This TVC system can be construed as an alternative to secondary injection TVC method. The nozzle had an expansion ratio of 1.545 and nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 6.61 for optimum expansion. Numerical simulations were performed at over-expansion (NPR = 3.94) and under-expansion (NPR = 7.89) conditions for four strut locations (xs) and five strut heights (hs). The strut location from the nozzle throat corresponded to 33%, 50%, 66.7% and 80% of the diverging length (Ld) of the nozzle. The schlieren images of the nozzle exhaust and nozzle internal wall pressure distribution from experiments were compared with the results from numerical simulation and the agreement was quite good. Computational results show that introduction of the strut caused a maximum total pressure loss of 1.5% at its maximum height. The calculations also show that
$ \pm $
4
${}^{\circ}$
thrust deflection angle could be achieved using combinations of strut location and strut height over a range of nozzle operational conditions. Thrust vectoring performance of strut insertion TVC was evaluated using a parameter called vectoring performance index (VPI) defined as thrust deflection angle per unit percentage of pressure loss. The maximum VPI was observed when xs=0.5Ld at
${\bar{h_s}} = 0.429$
in both over-expansion and under-expansion conditions. The study reveals that an internal strut based TVC has a good future potential to be developed as an alternate TVC system obviating the requirement of carrying a fluid tank for a system like secondary injection TVC.
Is Data Labor? Two Conceptions of Work and the User-Platform Relationship
Authors: Jonker Julian David
Published: December 2024

Some observers of the data economy have proposed that we treat data as labor. But are data contributions labor? Our folk conception of work emphasizes its importance and effort, such that work has a special interpersonal priority and deserves appreciation and compensation. The folk conception does not generally favor counting data as work, and so it serves as an error theory for reluctance to regulate data as labor. In contrast, labor regulation and policy focus on the political economy of labor, and in particular the bargaining dynamics that participants in a labor market face. Labor regulation aims to protect workers against the threats characteristically posed by such bargaining dynamics. Data-transferring interactions between internet platforms and users share similar bargaining dynamics, and so there is a promising functional similarity between labor regulation and proposals for data regulation that would facilitate data strikes and data unions.
Native speakers and learners of Mandarin predict upcoming arguments in dative constructions based on categorical and gradient verb constraints
Authors: Zhu Yanxin (Alice) , Grüter Theres
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the predictive use of dative verb constraints in Mandarin among home-country-raised native speakers and classroom learners (including both sequential L2 learners and heritage speakers). In a visual world eye-tracking experiment, participants made anticipatory looks to the upcoming argument (recipient versus theme) following categorical restrictions of non-alternating verbs and gradient bias of alternating verbs before the acoustic onset of the disambiguating noun. Crucially, no delay or reduction in the prediction effects was observed among L2 learners and heritage speakers in comparison with home-country-raised native speakers. Mandarin proficiency and dominant language (English versus other) did not modulate prediction effects among classroom learners. These findings provide direct support for the assumption of error-driven learning accounts of the dative alternation, that is, language users actively predict upcoming arguments based on verb information during real-time sentence processing.
Nebraska High Schoolers Test Well Water Quality
Authors: Dieckman Emily
Published: December 2024

The Know Your Well program gives high school students experience in hands-on STEM research while providing community members information about their water quality.
Validation of Ionospheric Parameters From Electron Density Profiles of FY‐3E Satellite Using Ionosonde, GIMs, Satellite Altimetry and Other Occultations
Authors: Huang Binyi , Chen Peng , Yao Yibin , Wang Rong , Zhang Yuchen
Published: December 2024

The FengYun‐3E satellite (FY‐3E) is the first to feature the GNSS Occultation Sounder II (GNOS‐II). Occultation is effective for ionosphere detection, but data variations between FY‐3E and other techniques are inevitable due to differing instruments and methodologies. Evaluating the GNOS‐II performance against other techniques is imperative. We extract ionospheric parameters—the F2 layer peak height (hmF2), F2 layer critical frequency (foF2), and Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC)—from FY‐3E's electron density profile. We use ionosonde, Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs), and Satellite Altimetry (SA), along with FY‐3D and COSMIC‐2 to analyze FY‐3E's performance. Additionally, we use the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI‐2020) to normalize VTEC, eliminating systematic biases due to altitude differences. Results show that FY‐3E's foF2 has high consistency with ionosonde, while hmF2 shows larger differences. However, both foF2 and hmF2 from FY‐3E, FY‐3D, and COSMIC‐2 have comparable data quality. TEC differences between FY‐3E and GIMs are greater during equinoxes and in the daytime. Significant TEC deviations are observed, particularly in low‐latitude region affected by the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) during the daytime, with underestimation at EIA crests and overestimation at EIA troughs and around ±40° geomagnetic latitude, a phenomenon also observed when compared to SA. FY‐3D and COSMIC‐2 exhibit similar patterns, but FY‐3E shows better consistency with GIMs and SA compared to FY‐3D. Compared to FY‐3D and FY‐3E, COSMIC‐2 has fewer overestimated profiles. Furthermore, FY‐3E performs poorly in observing ionospheric structure in the EIA region but performs well in the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) region, similar to FY‐3E.
Electrochemically driven Michael reaction: synthesis of hydroquinone thioethers
Authors: Moiseeva Natalia V. , Sokolov Alexey E. , Trushkov Igor V. , Kokorekin Vladimir A.
Published: December 2024

An oxidant-free and catalyst-free approach paves the way for the synthesis of new thioethers of hydroquinone, including derivatives of methimazole (an antithyroid drug) and mercaptopurine (an antitumor drug).
Ruthenium-catalyzed three-component tandem remote C–H functionalization of naphthalenes: modular and concise synthesis of multifunctional naphthalenes
Authors: Huang Mao-Gui , Fu Yue-Liu-Ting , Li Jia-Wei , Liu Yue-Jin
Published: December 2024

A versatile multi-component strategy for synthesizing multi-functional naphthalenes via ruthenium-catalyzed tandem C5–H functionalization from readily available naphthalene, olefin and alkyl bromide compounds is disclosed.
The Value of Cross-Cultural Education in the Clinical Educator Training Process: A Viewpoint
Authors: Gauvin Nancy , Gregory-Martin Kyomi
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for cross-cultural education skills in the clinical education training process. This article discusses the benefits of cross-cultural education for clinical educators (CEs) who work with supervisees from cultures that differ from their own.

Conclusions:

CEs differ based on their cultural backgrounds and their perception of concern about the impact that cultural differences have on the supervisory process. There is a need for cross-cultural education training for speech-language pathologists who work with supervisees particularly when there are limited cultural similarities between the CEs and supervisee. Further studies are needed to assess CEs' perceptions of the supervisory process and the potential impact it has on their own biases and interactions with supervisees.
Virtual inertia calculation and virtual power system stabiliser design for stability enhancement of virtual synchronous generator system under transient condition
Authors: Qudsi Ony Asrarul , Soeprijanto Adi , Priyadi Ardyono
Published: December 2024

Enhancing the stability of the Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) under transient conditions has become a new challenge for VSG operation. This paper presents the design of a Virtual Power System Stabiliser (VPSS) with virtual inertia calculations for the stability enhancement of the VSG system under transient conditions. The virtual inertia is calculated by considering the transient conditions resulting from a three‐phase ground fault and the allowable phase margin in the VSG. This aims to prevent the coupling effect, which can cause the active power loop control and reactive power loop control to operate non‐independently. Subsequently, the VPSS is specifically designed based on the determined virtual inertia characteristics. The VPSS design is developed by taking into account the phase angle shift of the VSG. The proposed combination of virtual inertia and VPSS is capable of providing accurate compensation for phase angle changes under transient conditions. To evaluate the performance of the proposed virtual inertia and VPSS, a system‐level VSG model is used to thoroughly analyse the system's performance. Based on the results and analysis, it is shown that the control strategy utilising the combination of virtual inertia and the proposed VPSS design can improve VSG stability under transient conditions.
Feedback from intermediate-mass black holes on dwarf galaxy morphology at z = 2
Authors: Bi Da , Schleicher Dominik R. G. , Escala Andrés
Published: December 2024

Aims. This study aims to elucidate the role of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in the development of galactic morphology. We examine how the evolution of IMBHs is influenced by various factors, including seed masses, seed times, and feedback mechanisms. Additionally, we investigate potential correlations between galactic morphology and the final properties of central dwarf galaxies, such as gas fraction, taking into account the constraints of black hole growth history and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. This exploration is particularly valuable to the characterization of the typical environments associated with IMBHs in dwarf galaxies.

Methods. We utilized a series of high-resolution zoom-in cosmological simulations to analyze the emergent morphology of central dwarf galaxies within dark matter halos of similar mass, specifically log Mvir/M⊙ ∼ 10 ± 0.05, at redshift z ∼ 2. All simulations are initialized with the same conditions while employing different black hole seeding methods and feedback schemes. This approach enables us to investigate how varying black hole evolutionary pathways affect the fundamental parameters of central dwarf galaxies. Our simulations consider galaxies embedded in both high- and low-spin host halos, utilizing various black hole seed masses, seed formation times, and AGN wind velocities.

Results. We find that AGN feedback, particularly wind strength, critically influences gas fractions, star formation, and galaxy structure. Galaxies with strong feedback exhibit lower stellar masses, flatter morphologies, and intermediate rotational support (κrot = 0.3 − 0.6). Their prominent central structures and low Sersic indices (n < 2) highlight the limits of applying low-redshift diagnostics such as Gini-M20 at high redshift. Synthetic JWST observations suggest pixelation effects can overestimate galaxy sizes, emphasizing the nuanced relationship between IMBH evolution and dwarf galaxy formation.
TRADUCTION: Workshop on the future of Radiological Protection
Authors: Laurier D , Schneider T
Published: December 2024

A workshop on the future of radiological protection was jointly organised by the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), the Nuclear Protection Evaluation Centre (CEPN) and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in March 2024. The aim was to present recent developments within the ICRP and to exchange views with representatives of the French radiological protection community on the review and revision of the System of radiological protection. This article presents a summary of the main points discussed during the workshop
Divergent Synthetic Strategy To Access the Polyketide Subunits of Aurilides: Synthesis of the Southern Fragment of Lagunamides D and D′
Authors: Salom-Roig Xavier J. , Michon Synthia , Garcia Maxime , Cavelier Florine
Published: December 2024

We report a flexible stereocontrolled synthetic route to the southern fragment of lagunamides D and D′, two cytotoxic cyclodepsipeptides of the aurilide family. Key steps in the route include an anti-aldol Abiko–Masamune reaction and a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) olefination. The key element of our synthetic strategy was the use of a pivotal intermediate which allows the introduction a side chain that differentiates the polyketide structure of the members of the family. Thus, to illustrate the synthetic potential of our strategy, we have also prepared four different advanced polyketide precursors.
Thermal conductivity of solid deuterium ortho–para solutions
Authors: Gorodilov B. Ya. , Krupskii I. N. , Manzhelii V. G. , Korolyuk O. A.
Published: December 2024

Thermal conductivity studies are performed for solid deuterium with para-content of 2.2 to 33% over the temperature interval 1.8–17.7 °K. Analysis of the results obtained reveals that the thermal resistance produced by paradeuterium molecules depends on concentration and temperature as x2T−3.
Transverse electron focusing in metal bicrystals
Authors: Kolesnichenko Yu. A.
Published: December 2024

The possibility of using the method of transverse electron focusing to investigate the nature of conduction electron interaction with crystallite interfaces (CI) is examined theoretically. It is shown that if the reflection coefficient of charges by the intercrystallite face P is small, then focusing lines appear, shaped by the electrons that intersect the CI during their motion. The dependence of the coefficient P on the momentum of the incident electron can result in additional potential singularities at the measuring contact during magnetic field changes. The location of the focusing lines yield information about the degree of mutual orientation of the contiguous crystallites.
Spin reorientation in uniaxial and biaxial magnets
Authors: Soboleva T. K. , Stefanovskii E. P.
Published: December 2024

We consider the phenomenon of spin reorientation in uniaxial and biaxial magnets in an external field of arbitrary orientation. The phase diagrams of the corresponding magnetic systems are studied and the trajectories of critical points in the (h, T) phase diagram are found as the angle between the antiferromagnetism vector and the unique axis is varied.
A study of thermogalvanomagnetic wave dispersion in bismuth
Authors: Kopylov V. N.
Published: December 2024

The paper is devoted to an experimental study of low-frequency electromagnetic waves (propagating through a conducting medium in a temperature gradient and a direct current) in bismuth at helium temperatures. It has been shown experimentally that the dispersion relation of these waves is nearly linear (ω ∼k) and for small currents through the specimen the wave phase velocity is a linear function of the current and the temperature gradient, which accords with the theory developed in the present paper. As the current increases the current dependence of the phase velocity deviates appreciably from linearity and even becomes nonmonotonic. Analysis shows that such behavior, in our opinion, may be due to the influence of the intrinsic magnetic field of the current on the character of the wave propagation.
Magnetization of ferrous carbonate in the antiferromagnetic phase
Authors: Litvinenko Yu. G. , Shapiro V. V. , Myatlik V. I. , Kaner N. É.
Published: December 2024

Optical spectroscopy is used to study the magnetization of antiferromagnetic ferrous carbonate in the range of subcritical magnetic fields oriented along the C3 crystalline axis. It is shown that near the critical field Hl the crystal magnetization reaches ∼ 10% of the saturation value. The effect of temperature on subcritical magnetization is studied, and this dependence is extrapolated to the temperature T = 0, i.e., the contribution of zero-point vibrations to the magnetization of FeCO3 is estimated.
Amplification of sound in many-valley anisotropic conductors
Authors: Bogod Yu. A.
Published: December 2024

We obtain a criterion for the amplification of sound in many-valley anisotropic conductors. Calculations for the particular case of strong magnetic fields and low temperatures (Ωcτ = (eH/m*c) ≫l) for a compensated conductor with a given Fermi surface are extended to the general case of M electron and N hole valleys. It is shown that when an electric field is parallel to the displacement vector of the elastic wave and H = 0, the possibility of sound amplification by the electron-hole plasma is determined by the inequality ql > 1. Under the above conditions the sound absorption coefficient is independent of the drift velocity for ql < 1, and this can be used as a diagnostic for electron-hole compensation in conductors.
Detection of quasi-one-dimensional diffusion of 3He in solid hydrogen
Authors: Mikheev V. A. , Maidanov V. A. , Mikhin N. P.
Published: December 2024

NMR measurements of the spin diffusion coefficient of 3He in solid H2 at 1.4, 1.0, and 0.47 °K at a 3He concentration of 1.6% reveal two phases, one of which is undissolved 3He. Examination of the second phase in samples with 0.16 and 0.10% 3He shows that the diffusion of 3He has a quasi-one-dimensional character. The experimental results can be adequately interpreted on the basis of fast diffusion via dislocations in solid H2.
Effect of helium impurities on hydrogen solidification
Authors: Bereznyak N. G. , Sheinina A. A.
Published: December 2024

The vapor–liquid–solid three phase equilibrium line is measured for the hydrogen–helium binary system from the hydrogen triple point to a pressure of ∼ 80 atm. A new transition is established in weak solid solutions of e-H2−He4. The topology of the e-H2−He4 system phase diagram is established.
Electron−ripplon resonances in the Wigner-crystal conductivity of surface electrons in helium under inhomogeneous conditions
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P.
Published: December 2024

The structure of electron−ripplon conductivity resonances of a two-dimensional electron crystal at the free surface of liquid helium is studied theoretically under inhomogeneous conditions and in the presence of a constant magnetic field. Conditions are found for which different mechanisms of resonance anomalies in the energy loss rate are essential. The influence of the magnetic field on the low-frequency coupled states of the electron crystal is studied.
The structure and superconducting properties of low-vacuum aluminum condensates
Authors: Palatnik L. S. , Sivakov A. G. , Volotskaya V. G. , Tartakovskaya I. Kh. , Kovaleva O. I.
Published: December 2024

We report the first studies of the superconducting properties of low-vacuum aluminum condensates (LVAC). We have determined the critical temperatures Tc, the width of the transition to the superconducting state ΔT, and the temperature dependence of the critical field near Tc. We have established the dependence of Tc on the electron mean free path length leff and demonstrate a relationship between leff and the condensation conditions.
A parallel study of the energy dependence of the excess current in the superconducting state and the electron–phonon interaction function in the normal state for point microcontacts
Authors: Khotkevich A. V. , Yanson I. K.
Published: December 2024

The superconducting characteristics and electron–phonon interaction (EPI) spectra in the normal state are investigated experimentally for microscopic point contacts. A relation is established between the magnitude of the excess current and the absolute intensity of the microcontact EPI function, defined for the model of a pure orifice. The dependence of the excess on the voltage is studied, and new nonlinearities in the characteristics of the superconducting contacts are detected at high voltages.
Electrical resistance and magnetoresistance of TCNQ-intercalated 2H-NbSe2 single crystals
Authors: Obolenskii M. A. , Beletskii V. I. , Chashka Kh. B. , Starodub V. A. , Balla D. D.
Published: December 2024

An increase in the temperature of onset of the structural transition involving the formation of a charge density wave in TCNQ-intercalated 2H-NbSe2, single crystals has been discovered experimentally. A sharp change in the electrical resistance of an NbSe2 (TCNQ) system with a maximum in the region of 290 °K was also discovered. Distortion of the magnetoresistance rosette at temperatures close to the phase transition temperature was observed. Different laws of variation of the magnetoresistance increment as a function of the strength of the magnetic field parallel to and perpendicular to the layers in an NbSe2 (TCNQ) system are established in an experimental geometry j⊥H, j parallel to the layers.