bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Validation of an Innovative Method for 3D Capture and Analysis of the Nasolabial Region in Cleft Cases
Authors: Ayoub Ashraf , Khan Adil , Aldhanhani Ali , Alnaser Hashim , Naudi Kurt , Ju Xiangyang , Gillgrass Toby , Mossey Peter
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To validate a newly developed method for capturing 3-dimensional (3D) images of the nasolabial region for assessing upper lip scarring and asymmetry in surgically managed unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) cases.

Design:

Validation study, single cohort.

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen surgically managed UCLP cases were recruited, the nasolabial region of each face was scanned using an intraoral scanner (IOS) to produce 3D images. The images were manually segmented to allow the calculation of surface area of the scar and upper lip asymmetry. Five professionals and 5 lay assessors subjectively evaluated the same images and graded the upper lip scarring and asymmetry at 2 separate occasions. The relationship between the subjective and objective assessments was evaluated.

Results:

Moderate correlation was found between subjective and objective evaluations of the upper lip scarring and total asymmetry. The captured 3D images were of good quality for the objective measurements of lip asymmetry and residual scarring. Moderate to strong correlations were detected between the 2 panels (T ranging between 0.5 and 0.9) with no significant difference ( P > .05) in the mean score of the subjectively evaluated parameters.

Conclusion:

The IOS is a useful tool for the capture of the nasolabial morphology. The captured 3D images are a reliable source for measuring lip asymmetry and scar surface area. The method has sufficient validity for routine clinical use and for objective outcome measures of the surgical repair of cleft lip.
What Drives Women’s Substantive Representation in Muslim-Majority Countries? Lessons from Turkey
Authors: Bulut Alper T.
Published: August 2020

Although a voluminous literature has studied the substantive representation of women, these studies have largely been confined to advanced democracies. Similarly, studies that focus on the relationship between Islam and women’s rights largely ignored the substantive representation of women in Muslim-majority countries. As one of the first studies of its kind, this article investigates the role of religion in the substantive representation of women by focusing on a Muslim-majority country: Turkey. Using a novel data set of 4,700 content coded private members’ bills (PMBs) drafted in the Turkish parliament between 2002 and 2015, this article synthesizes competing explanations of women’s representation in the Middle East and rigorously tests the implications of religion, ideology, critical mass, and labor force participation accounts. The results have significant implications for the study of gender and politics in Muslim-majority countries.
Staple-Plate Plus Screw vs Screw Alone in Talonavicular Arthrodesis: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study
Authors: O’Neil Joseph T. , Abbasi Pooyan , Parks Brent G. , Miller Stuart D.
Published: August 2020

Background:

This study evaluated whether the addition of a nitinol staple-plate to a single cannulated screw increased the mechanical stability for a talonavicular fixation construct.

Methods:

Twenty matched pairs of cadaveric feet were randomized to fusion with either a single 5.5-mm cannulated screw or a screw and a plate with 2 screws and a slot with an 18-mm nitinol staple. After in situ fusion procedure, the talonavicular joint complex was dissected free and the ends were embedded in epoxy. The specimens were then cyclically loaded on a servohydraulic load frame (1000 cycles at 20 N, increasing at intervals of 20 N until failure), half of them for cantilever bending and the other half for torsion.

Results:

In the bending arm of the study, the staple-plate group showed significantly higher stiffness, failure load, and cycles to failure. In the torsion arm of the study, the staple-plate group also had higher cycles to failure, stiffness in external rotation, and torque to failure. No significant difference was noted in stiffness in internal rotation.

Conclusion:

We found a significant increase in stability of the talonavicular joint when a nitinol staple-plate construct was placed to augment a single cannulated screw for the purpose of a talonavicular fusion.

Clinical Relevance:

This information may be helpful to surgeons in implant selection for this common arthrodesis procedure.
Fibonacci wavelets and Galerkin method to investigate fractional optimal control problems with bibliometric analysis
Authors: Sabermahani Sedigheh , Ordokhani Yadollah
Published: August 2020

This study presents a computational method for the solution of the fractional optimal control problems subject to fractional systems with equality and inequality constraints. The proposed procedure is based upon Fibonacci wavelets. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. The Riemann–Liouville operational matrix for Fibonacci wavelets is obtained. Then, we use this operational matrix and the Galerkin method to reduce the given problem into a system of algebraic equations. We discuss the convergence of the algorithm. Several numerical examples are included to observe the validity, effectiveness, and accuracy of the suggested scheme. Moreover, fractional optimal control problems are studied through a bibliometric viewpoint.
Flipping Methodology: Or, Errancy in the Meanwhile and the Need to Remove Doors
Authors: Taylor Carol A.
Published: August 2020

This article ponders two questions: What does “postqualitative” mean to you? Why do you think the “postqualitative” movement is important to the field of qualitative inquiry?

In response, it poses a method/ology of errancy—a flipping methodology—that locates postqualitative research as an ethico-onto-epistemological political project of opening theory-practice spaces for differential matterings. Postqualitative flipping is not an individual undertaking, it is an ecology of practices, a resonation across bodies, a navigating of movement for a politics of change, in which even barely perceptible shifts possibilize new modes of thinking and unthinking, doing and undoing.
Poetic Juxtaposition, a Method for Connecting Data, Theory, and Every Day Texts
Authors: Thomas Rhianna
Published: August 2020

In this article, I explore an experimental form of writing I term poetic juxtaposition. Drawing from Glesne’s poetic transcription and Prendergast’s use of found poetry as literature review, I define poetic juxtaposition as the creation of research poems that artistically combine qualitative data, excerpts from theoretical texts, and words from every day and popular culture texts. To illustrate the technique, I present three poetic juxtapositions from a critical parent child autoethnography and describe the processes that lead to their creation. The three poems demonstrate how I utilized poetic juxtaposition to make sense of data, establish emergent themes, achieve crystallization of findings, and present my work to a variety of audiences. I conclude by suggesting how this technique might be taken up by others.
Templates of Ethnographic Writing in Organization Studies: Beyond the Hegemony of the Detective Story
Authors: Zilber Tammar B. , Zanoni Patrizia
Published: August 2020

Using a translation lens, we explore templates for writing ethnography in organization studies and their evolution over time through the analysis of all ethnographic papers published in the premier journal Administrative Science Quarterly, 1956-2018. We found three templates of ethnographic writing. Few early ethnographic papers resemble travelogues, as they use theory to explain a unique case based on firsthand experiences of the author. Most studies read like detective stories, using extensive, quantified data from a case and systematically analyzing it to advance theory. This template has remained predominant over time. Finally, some ethnographic papers read like postmodern detective stories, in that they attempt to create knowledge from lived experience, while also hinting at the partiality of this knowledge. This template appeared around the turn of the century but is today rare. The overall low number of ethnographies and the lasting hegemony of the ethnography as detective story template reflect the strict disciplining of ethnography into the emulation of positivist research, constraining knowledge creation in organization studies. We conclude by offering researchers some strategies to recover the strengths of templates available in the past to broaden the boundaries of existing norms for writing ethnography today.
Long-term results of Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty for endothelial failure caused by phakic intraocular lenses
Authors: Hipólito-Fernandes Diogo , Elisa-Luís Maria , Vieira Miguel , Crisóstomo Sara , Alves Nuno , Maduro Vitor , Feijão João
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To describe the surgical approach and long-term outcomes of Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) for endothelial failure secondary to phakic intraocular lenses (pIOL).

Methods:

Retrospective, interventional case series of 18 eyes of 13 patients who developed endothelial failure secondary to pIOL implant. Patients were submitted to pIOL explant and DSAEK for visual rehabilitation, with or without phacoemulsification plus posterior-chamber intraocular lens implant. The minimum follow-up time was 3 years and the main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density (ECD) and percentage of endothelial cell loss (ECL), intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Results:

Patients’ mean age was 47.44 (7.86) years with a mean follow-up time of 55.61 (14.13) months. Sixteen eyes (88.9%) had an angle-supported pIOL. The mean pIOL implant-to explant time was 8.17 (2.73) years. BCVA improved from 1.00 (0.36) logMAR preoperatively to 0.29 (0.36) logMAR at 1 year of follow-up ( p < 0.001), remaining stable over the entire follow-up period ( p > 0.05). At the last visit, all corneas were clear, with a mean ECD of 724.74 (325.57) cells/mm2. During the follow-up, two eyes (11.1%) required a re-DSAEK due to early graft failure (<3 months).

Conclusion:

Our outcomes reveal that an individualized and careful approach may result in a stable visual rehabilitation in young patients with corneal decompensation following pIOL implant.
Transradial approach for pediatric interventions: A review and analysis of the literature
Authors: Schartz Derrek , Young Emily , Guerin Stephen
Published: August 2020

Background:

Transradial access for interventions has been well studied in the adult population, but there is a paucity of literature of its use in the pediatric population.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic literature review and gathered and synthesized all of the available data into a cohesive resource for review and analysis of the topic.

Results:

Pooled analysis of the available data shows that transradial access in pediatric patients has a success rate of 91%, a vasospasm rate of 11.4%, and loss of pulse rate of 3.0% for a total complication rate of 14%. No permanent complications, or complications requiring surgery, were observed in any study. After stratifying for indication of intervention, neurological indications were associated with a lower complication rate compared to cardiac indications (0.1 vs 0.43, respectively, p = 0.004). In addition, studies published after 2013 were associated with a lower complication rate compared to those published during or before 2013 (0.11 vs 0.33, respectively, p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Compared to prior studies on pediatric transfemoral access, transradial access has a higher complication rate. But there may be a lower rate of complications that require surgical intervention. Further studies are needed to clarify any advantages that transradial access may have over transfemoral access for pediatric patients.
Why are wildlife on the Maasai doorsteps? Insights from the Maasai of Tanzania
Authors: Melubo Kokel
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the particular reasons why the Maasai ecosystem is home to the spectacular assemblages of the remaining African terrestrial wildlife populations. We highlight how the adherence to locally devised rules, values, and practices play an important role in the management and conservation of land resources particularly wildlife resources. This article indicates that despite the external pressures to dismantle Maasai ecological strategies and practices through imported religions, Western-oriented education, constraining policies, and the cumulative loss of land, the community has continued to maintain significant practices for the conservation of Tanzania’s wildlife ecosystems and livestock. The article extends the overall argument that indigenous practices are central to a continued nurturing of biodiversity conservation.
The Efficacy and Safety of Highly-Bioavailable Curcumin for Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: A 6-Month Open-Labeled Prospective Study
Authors: Nakagawa Yasuaki , Mukai Shogo , Yamada Shigeru , Murata Satoru , Yabumoto Hiromitsu , Maeda Takahiro , Akamatsu Shota
Published: August 2020

Background:

We previously developed a surface-controlled water-dispersible form of curcumin that we called Theracurmin®. The area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) of Theracurmin in humans was 27-fold higher than that of curcumin powder. Previously, we reported on the anti-inflammatory effects of Theracurmin for knee osteoarthritis.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

We determined the clinical effects of orally administered Theracurmin in patients with knee osteoarthritis over a 6-month period.

Study Design:

Open prospective study.

Methods:

Fifty patients Kellgren-Lawrence grade II, III, or IV knee osteoarthritis who were above 40 years old were enrolled in this clinical study. Theracurmin containing 180 mg/day of curcumin was administered orally every day for 6 months. To monitor for adverse events, blood biochemistry analyses were performed before and after 6 months of each intervention. The patients’ knee symptoms were evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months based on the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure, the knee pain visual analog scale, and the knee scoring system of the Japanese Orthopedic Association.

Results:

Five cases dropped out during the study, but no cases dropped out because of major problems. No major side effects were observed with Theracurmin treatment, including the blood biochemistry analysis results. The effective group included 34 cases (75.6%), while the not-effective group included 11 cases.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the safety and good efficacy of Theracurmin for various types of knee osteoarthritis. Theracurmin shows great potential for the treatment of human knee osteoarthritis.
Determination of risks of lower adherence to CPAP treatment before their first use by patients
Authors: Bros Julie , Poulet Caroline , Methni Jonathan El , Deschaux Chrystèle , Gandit Marc , Pauwels Petrus J , Charavel Marie
Published: August 2020

A better understanding of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) adherence is a priority in improving patient care. To Identify adherence typology with a longitudinal approach, and explore the early determinants of lower adherence to CPAP. Obstructive sleep apnea patients ( N = 204). Prospective and longitudinal study.A classification into four profiles was observed: “ Regular Adherents,” “ Non-Regular Adherents,” “ Persistent Non-Adherents,” and “ Non-Persistent Non-Adherents.” Specific biopsychosocial factors make it possible to evaluate the risk of belonging to a lower adherence profile. We propose a novel approach of CPAP treatment adherence. Several pre-determinants have been identified.
Queer heterotopias in “straight(ish)” spaces: The case of Korean spas
Authors: Ota Kendall
Published: August 2020

The cultural shift leading to increased tolerance for diverse sexualities over the past few decades has transformed the landscape of traditionally queer spaces. Given the mainstream trend towards homonormativity and respectability politics, this paper examines the consequences of these changes for the articulation of queer intimacy and sexual freedom. Drawing from comments posted to an online public forum, I consider how men engage in the queer occupation of Korean spas by reimagining these businesses as places for queer sex. I position Korean spas as a “queer heterotopia” allowing men space to violate the centering of homonormative subjectivity. While the sexual practices of these men resist queer normativity, they simultaneously mobilize hegemonic racialized discourses, ultimately threatening the queer heterotopic potential of the space. Thus, this work offers instances of both queer promise and failure where normative structures are simultaneously challenged and upheld.
Paclitaxel Promotes Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages in Breast Cancer
Authors: Shen Jun , Chen Cong , Li Zhaoqing , Hu Shufang
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Breast cancer remains the most threatening triggers of cancer death in women. Drug resistance inevitably leads to the weakness of treatment for breast cancer. Macrophages, as one of the most abundant immune cells in tumor immune-infiltrating microenvironment, involves in cell survival, migration, and invasion of breast cancer.

Methods:

In this study, we compared the proportions of macrophages in patients with breast cancer with and without paclitaxel treatment, and investigated the targeted genes associated with macrophages for paclitaxel response. To explore the relationship between drug-related genes and breast cancer prognosis, survival analysis based on the drug-related genes were performed by website of Kaplan-Meier plotter with the threshold of significant P value < .05.

Results:

Compared to the normal samples, we revealed that paclitaxel significantly enhanced the ratio of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the expression of 3 drug-related genes (IFT46, PEX11A, and TMEM223) were significantly negatively associated with the proportions of macrophages. And it is worth to notice that PEX11A and TMEM223 were associated with better progression-free survival outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Moreover, PEX11A was associated with longer overall survival time of breast cancer.

Conclusion:

Taken all together, all the findings support to gain a better understanding to the development of more effective therapies targeted with paclitaxel.
Mind-Body and Psychosocial Interventions May Similarly Affect Heart Rate Variability Patterns in Cancer Recovery: Implications for a Mechanism of Symptom Improvement
Authors: Larkey Linda , Kim Wonsun , James Dara , Kishida Moé , Vizcaino Maricarmen , Huberty Jennifer , Krishnamurthi Narayanan
Published: August 2020

Background:

Advancements in early detection and treatment of cancer have led to increased survival rates and greater need to identify effective supportive care options for resolving symptoms of survivorship. Many non-pharmacological approaches to symptom management during and after cancer treatment involve emotional self-regulation as a central strategy for improving well-being. Identifying commonalities among these strategies’ mechanisms of action may facilitate understanding of what might be useful for optimizing intervention effects. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters are indicative of improved autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance and resiliency and reduced emotional distress and are thus identified as a mechanism to discuss as a marker of potential for intervention efficacy and a target for optimization.

Methods:

HRV data from 2 studies, 1 examining a mind-body intervention and 1 examining a psychosocial intervention, are presented as a point of discussion about preliminary associations between the interventions, change in HRV, and emotional distress reduction.

Results:

HRV significantly decreased in sympathetic activity in response to a mind-body intervention (Qigong/Tai Chi), and increased vagal tone in response to a psychosocial (storytelling) intervention. In both, these changes in HRV parameters were associated with improved emotional states.

Conclusion:

Our preliminary data suggest that HRV may serve as an important marker of underlying changes that mediate emotional regulation; this observation deserves further investigation. If identified as a worthy target, focusing on interventions that improve HRV within the context of interventions for cancer patients may be important to key outcomes and clinical practice.
Management of spasticity in adults
Authors: Thomas Asha Mary , Joseph Alexander P
Published: August 2020

Spasticity is one of the most common and disabling impairments seen in patients with an upper motor neurone disorder such as stroke, brain injury and multiple sclerosis. It is increasingly accepted that spasticity remains an unrecognised and underdiagnosed impairment in primary care. This is worrying, as untreated spasticity leading to permanent contractures can be a late presentation in many conditions. There is an onus on GPs to recognise the common symptoms of spasticity and initiate management. This article will focus on practical aspects in the management of spasticity including timely referral to secondary care.
Primary school-based nutrition education intervention on nutrition knowledge, attitude and practices among school-age children in Ghana
Authors: Antwi Janet , Ohemeng Agartha , Boateng Laurene , Quaidoo Esi , Bannerman Boateng
Published: August 2020

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of a six-week nutrition education intervention on the nutrition knowledge, attitude, practices, and nutrition status of school-age children (aged 6–12 years) in basic schools in Ghana. Short-term effects of nutrition education training sessions on teachers and caregivers were also assessed. Pre-post controlled design was used to evaluate the program. Intervention groups had significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores (8.8 ± 2.0 vs. 5.9 ± 2.1, P < 0.0001) compared to controls in the lower primary level. A higher proportion of children in the intervention group strongly agreed they enjoyed learning about food and nutrition issues compared to the control group (88% vs. 77%, P = 0.031). There was no significant difference in dietary diversity scores (4.8 ± 2.0 vs. 5.1 ± 1.4, P = 0.184) or in measured anthropometric indices (3.6% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.08). A marginally lower proportion of stunted schoolchildren was observed among the intervention group compared to the control group (3.6% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.080). Nutrition knowledge of teachers and caregivers significantly improved (12.5 ± 1.87 vs. 9.2 ± 2.1; P = 0.031) and (5.86 ± 0.73 to 6.24 ± 1.02, P = 0.009), respectively. Nutrition education intervention could have positive impacts on knowledge and attitudes of school children, and may be crucial in the development of healthy behaviors for improved nutrition status.
Expanding the Methodological Approach to the Social Servicescape: Moving From Measurement to Manipulation
Authors: Hanks Lydia , Line Nathaniel D. , Zhang Lu
Published: August 2020

Recently, research of the servicescape has expanded to include a social element in addition to the traditionally identified physical/tangible element. Typically, this social servicescape construct has been treated as a measured variable, reflecting the other customers in the service environment across three dimensions (i.e., similarity, behavior, and appearance). However, the exclusive use of measurement to operationalize a phenomenon limits both the types of methods that can be used and, correspondingly, the types of research questions that can be asked. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to propose and test a scenario-based manipulation of the customer social servicescape construct so that future research can address the phenomenon using experimental design. Scenarios crossing the social servicescape with social density (i.e., crowding) are constructed in three different domains (restaurant, hotel, and retail) and tested in terms of their nomological validity by assessing the effects of the manipulated variables on attitudes and satisfaction. Our results demonstrate that the three elements of the social servicescape—similarity, appearance, and behavior—each had a direct and significant effect on attitude and satisfaction. In addition, these results were consistent across the hotel, restaurant, and retail contexts. The clarity and consistency of these findings indicate the viability of the social servicescape manipulations as a research tool.
Identity Threats in Everyday Life: Distinguishing Belonging From Inclusion
Authors: Slepian Michael L. , Jacoby-Senghor Drew S.
Published: August 2020

Four studies present the first broad investigation into identity threats experienced in everyday life. Capturing more than 17,000 instances of identity threat experienced by more than 1,500 participants, we demonstrate that a lack of felt belonging and exclusion are distinct aspects of identity threats. Experiences of reduced belonging most strongly relate to feelings of inauthenticity, whereas experiences of exclusion most strongly relate to negative affect (sadness and anger). Furthermore, experiences with identity threats were related to loneliness, lower life satisfaction, and worse self-reported physical health (with reduced belonging and exclusion predicting distinct measures of well-being), and both aspects predict lower workplace satisfaction, identification and commitment when experienced in professional settings. By distinguishing feelings of reduced belonging from exclusion, we provide unique insights into affective and cognitive outcomes of identity threats experienced in everyday life across diverse marginalized identities.
The Cost of Being “True to Yourself” for Mixed Selves: Frame Switching Leads to Perceived Inauthenticity and Downstream Social Consequences for Biculturals
Authors: West Alexandria L. , Muise Amy , Sasaki Joni Y.
Published: August 2020

A growing population of biculturals—who identify with at least two cultures—often frame switch, adapting their behavior to their shifting cultural contexts. We demonstrate that frame switching biculturals are perceived as inauthentic by majority Americans and consequently seen as less likable, trustworthy, warm, and competent compared to biculturals who do not frame switch or a neutral control (Studies 1–3, N = 763). In Study 2, describing the bicultural’s behavior as authentic despite its inconsistency partly alleviated the negative effects of frame switching. In our preregistered Study 3, majority American women were less romantically interested in and less willing to date a bicultural who frame switched in his dating profiles (mediated by inauthenticity). The way biculturals negotiate their cultures can have social costs and create a barrier to intercultural relations.
Management of a Parkinson’s disease patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Li Jingwen , Long Xi , Zhu Chunli , Wang Ruiying , Hu Shaoping , Wang Tao , Li Jinghong , Lin Zhicheng , Xiong Nian
Published: August 2020

Elderly populations with underlying chronic diseases are more vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and have higher mortality. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that occurs more often in elderly people. Currently, little is known about whether patients with PD are more susceptible to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and whether the treatment of PD would affect the management of COVID-19 or vice versa. Here, we report a case of a PD patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. After diagnosis of COVID-19, this PD patient had worsening of motor symptoms, complicated with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, urinary tract infection, and acute encephalopathy. In addition to treatment for COVID-19 and urinary tract infection, we adjusted anti-PD medicine by stepwise increasing of dose, resulting in better control of her mobility symptoms and non-motor symptoms.
“Mischievous Uncles” as Rule Breakers: Intersectional Stereotypes and Risk Perceptions During the Coronavirus Pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Türkoğlu Didem , Odabaş Meltem
Published: August 2020

Responses to crises can highlight and exacerbate class inequalities. Seemingly neutral policy measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic that aim to protect high-risk groups can lead to a shift in the public discourse that deprives citizens of their agency based not only on their age but also their class. In this article, we focus on the case of Turkey, one of the countries with the fastest growth of novel coronavirus cases in late March 2020, where the government introduced a curfew for people over the age of 65, while actively encouraging the rest of the working-age population to stay at home. An intersectional analysis of the Twitter campaign #StayatHome (# EvdeKal) and the media outlets’ news coverage of the policy implementation show that both platforms circulated human-interest stories of working-class men who defy the curfew predominantly. Both the stories and Twitter user comments often defined the subjects of those stories as rule-breakers and, therefore, as “mischievous uncles.” They became the scapegoats, while upper and middle classes avoided the label. These findings have implications for the framing of policy outcomes and welfare provisions as well as oppositional politics that push for the expansion of labor protections during the pandemic.
Intersectionality and Identity Configurations: A Qualitative Study Exploring Sexual Identity Development Among Emerging Adults Within the United States
Authors: Parmenter Joshua G. , Galliher Renee V. , Yaugher Ashley C. , Maughan Adam D. A.
Published: August 2020

Although modern comprehensive conceptual models of sexual identity development acknowledge contextual factors, existing models have placed less emphasis on (a) the influence of multiple domains of identity on sexual identity formation and (b) centrality and negotiation of various domains of identity. The present study sought to explore processes, identity conflicts, and management of sexual identity relative to other identity domains among sexual minority emerging adults in the United States. Fourteen sexual minority emerging adults (20–25 years) with a diverse array of identities participated in semistructured individual interviews, and five participants engaged in two follow-up focus groups. Findings supported two broad categories with subthemes: identity conflict (unaffirming and oppressive contexts, lack of resources to explore identity) and identity coherence (resources used to manage and facilitate identity coherence; acceptance, affirmation, and harmony; and centrality and salience of sexual identity within identity configurations). Findings have implications for the study of sexual identity development within the context of other domains of identity.
Increased incidence, morbidity, and mortality in cirrhotic patients with hip fractures: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Chang Chih-Hsiang , Chang Chee-Jen , Wang Yi-Chun , Hu Chih-Chien , Chang Yuhan , Hsieh Pang-Hsin , Chen Dave W
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

Hip fractures mostly require surgical treatment and are associated with increased health-care costs and mortality rates. Patients with cirrhosis have low bone marrow density and inferior immune status which contribute to a higher fracture rate and higher surgical complication rate. This population-based study evaluated the prevalence, complication, and mortality rates due to hip fractures in cirrhotic patients.

Methods:

Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database data were used. The study group included 117,129 patients with hip fractures diagnosed from 2004 to 2010, including 4048 patients with cirrhosis. The overall prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates of the cirrhosis group with hip fractures were compared with the rates of a general group with hip fractures.

Results:

The cirrhosis group patients were younger than the general group patients (71.2 vs. 73.96 years, p < 0.001). The annual incidence of hip fractures in the cirrhosis and general groups was 46–54 and 7–7.5 per 10,000 person-years, respectively, with an incidence rate ratio of 6.95 (95% confidence interval 6.74–7.18). The rates of infection, urinary tract infection, and peptic ulcer disease were higher in the cirrhosis group (3.46% vs. 1.91%, 9.56% vs. 9.11%, and 8.05% vs. 3.55%, respectively; all p < 0.001). The mortality rate after hip fracture was also higher in the cirrhosis group than in the general group (within 3 months: 8.76–12.64% vs. 4.96–5.30% and within 1 year: 29.72–37.99% vs. 12.84–14.57%). Conclusion: Cirrhotic patients with hip fractures were relatively younger; had a seven times higher annual hip fracture incidence; had higher complication rates of infection, urinary tract infection, and peptic ulcer disease; and had two to three times higher a mortality rate at 3 months and 1 year. Clinicians should pay particular attention to the possibility of osteoporosis and hip fractures in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case–control study
Evaluation of immunogenicity, safety and breakthrough following administration of live attenuated varicella vaccine in two doses three months apart regimen in Indian children
Authors: Mitra Monjori , Chowdhury Jaydeep , Basu Surupa , Halder Partha Pratim , Mukherjee Mallar , Karadkhele Archana , Puppalwar Gaurav , Jain Rishi
Published: August 2020

Background:

In India, where varicella outbreaks are reported at a younger age, a two-dose vaccine schedule administered at an early age could be highly efficacious in preventing varicella infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of live attenuated varicella vaccine (VR 795 Oka strain) in a two-dose, 3 months apart regimen.

Methodology:

Healthy children (⩾ 12 months and ⩽12 years; mean age: 4.4 years) of either sex were included. Geometric mean titers (GMT) were measured at baseline and 28 days post first- and second-dose, and seroprotection rates were measured 28 days post first and second dose. The incidence of breakthrough (BT) infections post vaccination was determined from 42 days post first and second dose of vaccine up to 12 months. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored and recorded throughout the study period.

Results:

Of 305 subjects enrolled, 217 were seronegative. The seroconversion rate (a change from a seronegative to a seropositive condition) was 93.3% post first-dose and 100% post two-doses. High levels (9 times) of GMT were reported since post first-dose to post second-dose in children aged 12–18 months, 18–60 months (99.43%); and in and above 60 months (99.02%). The extent of rise of anti-VZV IgG antibody titer post 28 days of first-dose at two-fold, three-fold and four-fold rise was 93.39%, 90.56% and 80.66%, respectively and 100% 4-fold rise post second-dose. A single case, a day after the first-dose of vaccination of mild BT infection, was observed after close contact with a severe case. AEs were mild and none of the serious AEs were related to the study drug.

Conclusion:

The two-dose schedule of varicella vaccine was safe and immunogenic when given 3 months apart. However, further comparative studies and follow up for both dosing schedules are needed to validate the advantage of early dosing.
Algebraic Method-Based Point-to-Point Trajectory Planning of an Under-Constrained Cable-Suspended Parallel Robot with Variable Angle and Height Cable Mast
Authors: Zhao Tao , Zi Bin , Qian Sen , Zhao Jiahao
Published: August 2020

To avoid impacts and vibrations during the processes of acceleration and deceleration while possessing flexible working ways for cable-suspended parallel robots (CSPRs), point-to-point trajectory planning demands an under-constrained cable-suspended parallel robot (UCPR) with variable angle and height cable mast as described in this paper. The end-effector of the UCPR with three cables can achieve three translational degrees of freedom (DOFs). The inverse kinematic and dynamic modeling of the UCPR considering the angle and height of cable mast are completed. The motion trajectory of the end-effector comprising six segments is given. The connection points of the trajectory segments (except for point P3 in theXdirection) are devised to have zero instantaneous velocities, which ensure that the acceleration has continuity and the planned acceleration curve achieves smooth transition. The trajectory is respectively planned using three algebraic methods, including fifth degree polynomial, cycloid trajectory, and double-S velocity curve. The results indicate that the trajectory planned by fifth degree polynomial method is much closer to the given trajectory of the end-effector. Numerical simulation and experiments are accomplished for the given trajectory based on fifth degree polynomial planning. At the points where the velocity suddenly changes, the length and tension variation curves of the planned and unplanned three cables are compared and analyzed. The OptiTrack motion capture system is adopted to track the end-effector of the UCPR during the experiment. The effectiveness and feasibility of fifth degree polynomial planning are validated.
Functional identification of BpMYB21 and BpMYB61 transcription factors responding to MeJA and SA in birch triterpenoid synthesis
Authors: Yin Jing , Sun Lu , Li Ying , Xiao Jialei , Wang Siyao , Yang Jie , Qu Ziyue , Zhan Yaguang
Published: August 2020

Background

Triterpenoids from birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) exert antitumor and anti-HIV activities. Due to the complexity of plant secondary metabolic pathways, triterpene compounds in plants is not always determined by a single gene; they may be controlled by polygene quantitative traits. Secondary metabolism related to terpenoids involves tissue specificity and localisation of key biosynthetic enzymes. Terpene synthesis is influenced by light, hormones and other signals, as well as upstream transcription factor regulation.

Results

Anchor Herein, we identified and characterised two birch MYB transcription factors (TFs) that regulate triterpenoid biosynthesis. BpMYB21 and BpMYB61 are R2R3 TFs that positively and negatively regulate responses to methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) and salicyclic acid (SA), respectively. Expression of BpMYB21 and BpMYB61 was elevated in leaves and stems more than roots during July/August in Harbin, China. BpMYB21 expression was increased by abscisic acid (ABA), MeJA, SA and gibberellins (GAs). BpMYB61 expression in leaves and BpMYB21 expression in stems was reduced by ABA, MeJA and SA, while GAs, ethylene, and injury increased BpMYB61 expression. BpMYB21 was localised in nuclei, while BpMYB61 was detected in cell membranes and nuclei. Promoters for both BpMYB21 (1302 bp) and BpMYB61 (850 bp) were active. BpMYB21 and BpMYB61 were ligated into pYES3, introduced into AnchorINVScl (yeast strain without exogenous genes), INVScl-pYES2-SSAnchorAnchor (transgenic yeast strain harbouring the SS gene from birch), and INVScl-pYES2-SE (transgenic yeast strain harbouring the SE gene from birch), and the squalene content was highest in AnchorINVScl-pYES-MYB21-SS (transgenic yeast strain harbouring SS and MYB21 genes) and INVScl-pYES3-MYB61 (transgenic yeast strain harbouring the MYB61 gene). In BpMYB21 transgenic birch key triterpenoid synthesis genes were up-regulated, and in BpMYB61 transgenic birch AnchorFPS (farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase) and SS (squalene synthase) were up-regulated, but HMGR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase), BPWAnchor (lupeol synthase), SE (squalene epoxidase) and BPY (b-amyrin synthase) were down-regulated. Both BpMYB21 and BpMYB61 specifically activate SE and BPX (cycloartenol synthase synthesis) promoters.

Conclusions

These findings support further functional characterisation of R2R3-MYB genes, and illuminate the regulatory role of BpMYB21 and BpMYB61 in the synthesis of birch triterpenoids.
Reducing delays to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis case detection through a revised routine surveillance system
Authors: Doulla Basra Esmail , Squire Stephen Bertel , MacPherson Eleanor , Ngadaya Esther Stanslaus , Mutayoba Beatrice Kemilembe , Langley Ivor
Published: August 2020

Background

Implementation of an effective Tuberculosis Routine Surveillance System in low-income countries like Tanzania is problematic, despite being an essential tool for the detection and effective monitoring of drug resistant tuberculosis. Long delays in specimen transportation from the facilities to reference laboratory and results dissemination back to the health facilities, result in poor patient management, particularly where multidrug-resistant tuberculosis disease is present.

Methods

Following a detailed qualitative study, a pilot intervention of a revised Tuberculosis Routine Surveillance System was implemented in Mwanza region, Tanzania. This included the use of rapid molecular methods for the detection of both tuberculosis and drug resistance using Xpert MTB/RIF in some Mwanza sites, the use of Xpert MTB/RIF and Line Probe Assay at the Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, a revised communication strategy and interventions to address the issue of poor form completion. A before and after comparison of the intervention on the number of drug resistant tuberculosis cases identified and the time taken for results feedback to the requesting site was reported.

Results

The revised system for previously treated cases tested at the Central Reference Laboratory was able to obtain the following findings; the number of cases tested increased from 75 in 2016 to 185 in 2017. The times for specimen transportation from health facilities to the reference laboratory were reduced by 22% (from 9 to 7 days). The median time for the district to receive results was reduced by 36% (from 11 to 7 days). Overall the number of drug resistant tuberculosis cases starting treatment increased by 67% (from 12 to 20).

Conclusion

Detection of drug resistance could significantly be enhanced, and delays reduced by introduction of new technologies and improved routine surveillance system, including better communication using mobile applications such as ‘WhatsApp’ and close follow-ups. A larger scale study is now merited to ascertain if these benefits are robust across different contexts.
Restless abdomen: a spectrum or a phenotype variant of restless legs syndrome?
Authors: Wang Xi-Xi , Zhu Xiao-Ying , Wang Zan , Dong Jian-Wei , Ondo William G. , Wu Yun-Cheng
Published: August 2020

Background

With the growing awareness of restless legs syndrome (RLS), sensory disorders similar to RLS but initially confined to the arms, abdomen, and perineum have been reported. One of them is restless abdomen, which refers to a restless sensation in abdomen. Our study is designed to evaluate the clinical phenotype of restless abdomen and investigate its relationship with RLS.

Methods

We enrolled 10 patients with restless abdomen according to RLS diagnostic criteria, excluding the requiring of leg involvement. Laboratory examinations were performed to exclude mimics and notable comorbidities.

Results

All 10 patients had RLS like symptoms in the abdomen and otherwise satisfied all other RLS diagnostic criteria, and responded to dopaminergic therapy.

Conclusions

Neurologists and gastroenterologists should be aware that RLS-related restlessness can occur in extra-leg anatomy in the absence of episodes of worsening or augmentation of restlessness.
Adjuvant chemotherapy in average-risk adult medulloblastoma patients improves survival: a long term study
Authors: Franceschi E. , Minichillo S. , Mura A. , Tosoni A. , Mascarin M. , Tomasello C. , Bartolini S. , Brandes A. A.
Published: August 2020

Background

Medulloblastoma is extremely rare in adults. The role of chemotherapy for average-risk adult patients remains controversial. Surgery and radiotherapy provide a significant disease control and a good prognosis, but about 25% of average-risk patients have a relapse and die because of disease progression. No data in average-risk adult patients are available to compareradiotherapy alone and radiotherapyfollowed byadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

We analyzed 48 average-risk patients according to Chang classification diagnosed from 1988 to 2016.

Results

Median age was 29 years (range 16–61). Based on histological subtypes, 15 patients (31.3%) had classic, 15 patients (31.3%) had desmoplastic, 5 patients (10.4%) had extensive nodularity and 2 patients (4.2%) had large cells/anaplastic medulloblastoma. Twenty-four patients (50%) received adjuvant radiotherapy alone and 24 (50%) received radiotherapy and chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 12.5 years, we found that chemotherapyincreases progression-free survival (PFS-15 82.3 ± 8.0% in patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapyvs. 38.5% ± 13.0% in patients treated with radiotherapy alone p = 0.05) and overall survival (OS-15 89.3% ± 7.2% vs. 52.0% ± 13.1%, p = 0.02). Among patients receiving chemotherapy, the reported grade ≥ 3 adverse events were: 9 cases of neutropenia (6 cases of G3 neutropenia [25%] and 3 cases of G4 neutropenia [13%]), 1 case of G3 thrombocytopenia (4%) and 2 cases of G3 nausea (8%).

Conclusions

Our study with a long follow up period suggests that adding adjuvant chemotherapy to radiotherapy might improve PFS and OS in average-risk adult medulloblastoma patients.
Hundreds of rice bodies in the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa: report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Guo Jiong Jiong , Wu Kailun , Xu Yingjie , Yang Huilin
Published: August 2020

Background

Multiple rice bodies (RB) in the shoulder joint is a rare disorder of unknown etiology that requires percutaneous drainage or surgical operation.

Case presentation

We reported arthroscopic removal of hundreds of RB in the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa in two cases by our “chopsticks technique”. One was associated with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and the other was a rare synovial origin possibly due to microinfarction and ischemia after the radiotherapy. Radical debridement of necrotic tissue, “red tissue” and synovitis by arthroscopic radiofrequency ablation was essential for eliminating the cause of RB. A favorable clinical evolution was observed for both patients.

Conclusions

We highlight the importance of patient-specific differential diagnosis and the clinical course of RB to help us further understand the pathogenesis of this uncommon disorder. Meanwhile, evacuation of RB and “red tissue” ablation by arthroscopy showed good results.