bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does prescription of medical compression prevent development of post-thrombotic syndrome after proximal deep venous thrombosis?
Authors: Perrin Michel , Eklöf Bo
Published: May 2015

Aim

The aim of this review is to try to explain the controversy by critical analysis of previously published randomized controlled trials on the value of elastic compression stockings in the treatment of acute proximal deep vein thrombosis in prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome, which forms the scientific basis for our present management.

Methods

A research was made through Medline and Embase databases to identify relevant original articles, not abstracts, with the following keywords: post-thrombotic syndrome, deep venous thrombosis, venous thromboembolism, compression stockings, prevention and compliance.

Results

We identified five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) before the SOX trial including 798 patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis. Brandjes (1997): at two years’ follow-up, elastic compression stockings reduced post-thrombotic syndrome by 50%; Ginsberg (2001): no difference in post-thrombotic syndrome with or without elastic compression stockings after more than two years’ follow-up; Partsch (2004): elastic compression stockings with routine above knee and early ambulation reduced the incidence and severity of post-thrombotic syndrome after two years’ follow-up; Prandoni (2004) showed significantly less post-thrombotic syndrome after elastic compression stockings for two years with a five-year follow-up; Aschwanden (2008) showed no difference with elastic compression stockings after three years’ follow-up.

Conclusion

Prescription of elastic compression stockings for the prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome is now in doubt. Immediate compression after diagnosis of acute deep vein thrombosis to prevent swelling and reduce pain, permitting early ambulation in combination with adequate anticoagulation has proven benefit, although a secondary analysis of the SOX trial refutes this belief. Continued long-term compression treatment is questioned. Two major questions remain: Is the lack of positive outcome on the development of post-thrombotic syndrome after proximal deep vein thrombosis due to the fact that there were a few patients with iliofemoral extension in the quoted randomized controlled trials who may benefit from prolonged medical compression treatment? Compliance is the major issue, and the two randomized controlled trials with excellent control of compliance showed significant reduction in the rate of post-thrombotic syndrome, but we know that in daily practice the adherence is closer to Kahn’s data.
Genome-wide association study identifies common variants associated with pharmacokinetics of psychotropic drugs
Authors: Athanasiu Lavinia , Smorr Lisa-Lena H , Tesli Martin , Røssberg Jan I , Sønderby Ida E , Spigset Olav , Djurovic Srdjan , Andreassen Ole A
Published: May 2015

Individual variation in pharmacokinetics of psychotropic drugs, particularly metabolism, is an important factor to consider in pharmacological treatment in psychiatry. A large proportion of this variance is still not accounted for, but evidence so far suggests the involvement of genetic factors. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with concentration dose ratio (CDR) as sub-phenotype to assess metabolism rate of psychotropic drugs in a homogenous Norwegian sample of 1334 individuals diagnosed with a severe mental disorder. The GWAS revealed one genome-wide significant marker (rs16935279, p-value=3.95×10−10, pperm=7.5×10−4) located in an intronic region of the lncRNA LOC100505718. Carriers of the minor allele have a lower metabolism rate of antiepileptic drugs compared to major allele carriers. In addition, several nominally significant associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and CDR for antipsychotic, antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs were disclosed. We consider standardised CDR to be a useful measure of the metabolism rate of a drug. The present findings indicate that common gene variants could affect the metabolism of psychotropic drugs. This warrants further investigations into the functional mechanisms involved as it may lead to identification of predictive markers as well as novel drug targets.
Uncertainty of residual stresses analysis in slitting method: A case study of roll bending process
Authors: Sedighi Mohammad , Joudaki Jalal , Kotobi Mehdi
Published: May 2015

Slitting method or crack compliance method is used widely for residual stress measurement in different geometries, materials and processes. In this article, roll bending process is selected as a case study which can create residual stress in manufactured parts. The slitting method is employed to determine the residual stresses in a roll-bent stainless steel 314 sample. The series expansion approach is used for residual stress calculation. The compliance matrix is determined by finite element analysis. The uncertainty analysis and average strain misfit are used as two criteria for selecting the best order of expansion. The results show that nine terms of Legendre basis function ( L2– L10) can calculate residual stress profile accurately. It is observed that a maximum of 117 MPa residual stress magnitude is induced to the sample. The sample was manufactured with 1.078 m curvature radius by three-roll bending process. The sample thickness was 10 mm. The average uncertainty for residual stress distribution through the slit is equal to 3.6 MPa, while the maximum value of uncertainty could be estimated to be about 21 MPa. The analytical residual stress is also calculated by assuming power law material behavior and compared with the experimental results. This comparison shows a good agreement between the experimental and analytical solution.
In situ characterization of in-plane chemical shrinkage of thermoset laminated composites using a simple setup
Authors: Nawab Yasir , Casari Pascal , Boyard Nicolas , Sobotka Vincent , Jacquemin Frédéric
Published: May 2015

Cure shrinkage in the thermoset matrix is the major source of cure-induced defects in composite parts for industrial applications. Thus, its correct determination is very important to optimize the composite fabrication process. In general, volume chemical shrinkage of resin is tested and assuming it is isotropic, rule of mixture or a homogenization technique is used to model the linear chemical shrinkage of composite. Some studies are also found in the literature on the measurement of linear chemical shrinkage of very small composite samples under atmospheric pressure. In the present article, a new setup is presented for the measurement of evolution of in-plane chemical shrinkage of thermoset laminated composite during curing. Using this setup, characterization of mass scale samples was done under pressure and heating ramp conditions. Degree of cure of composite during the test was determined using differential scanning calorimeter. Results show that chemical shrinkage in the composite appears from gel point and its evolution with the degree of cure is nonlinear. Experimental results also led to conclusion that most of the chemical shrinkage occur along the thickness direction.
Collaboration, Conflict, and Community Building at the Regional Scale
Authors: Benner Chris , Pastor Manuel
Published: May 2015

Some see the regional equity perspective as placing undue emphasis on intersectoral cooperation and the complementarity between growth and equity. Is regional equity a departure from an Advocacy Planning paradigm in which values are central, justice is key, and decision making is contentious? We try to reconcile the perspectives and use case studies of Fresno and San Antonio to explore when conflict yields new alliances and when it produces stalemate. We conclude with lessons for advocacy planners operating at the regional scale in which the lack of government and need for governance necessitate new skills of collaboration, (principled) conflict, and community building.
Experiences of Online Harassment Among Emerging Adults
Authors: Lindsay Megan , Booth Jaime M. , Messing Jill T. , Thaller Jonel
Published: May 2015

Online harassment is a growing problem. Among college students, 43% report some experience receiving harassing messages. Previous research has shown negative online experiences to be typical among “emerging adults” (especially college students), and these incidents may be related to normative developmental behaviors, such as “on-again-off-again” romantic relationships. Study hypotheses were derived from previous research. Undergraduate student respondents ( N = 342) were surveyed about their experiences with online harassment, emotional responses to online harassment, and their relationship with the sender of harassing messages. Findings suggest that online harassment is linked to issues of intimate partner violence. Those who were harassed by a partner reported feelings of depression and anxiety. Using a gendered framework to explore online harassment is warranted because young women who are 18 to 29 years of age have higher rates of intimate partner violence than other demographic groups. Findings suggest future research is needed to understand the time ordering of these issues.
Research Reactions Following Participation in Intimate Partner Violence Research
Authors: Shorey Ryan C. , Elmquist JoAnna , Strauss Catherine , Anderson Scott E. , Stuart Gregory L.
Published: May 2015

There has been increased attention in recent years related to the research reactions of individuals who participate in intimate partner violence (IPV) research. Existing studies demonstrate that participating in IPV research is not emotionally upsetting for the vast majority of participants and that many participants perceive benefit from their research participation. However, almost all of the existing research has utilized non-clinical samples or battered women, failing to examine the research reactions of a clinical sample of men. Thus, the present study examined the research reactions of men in substance use treatment ( N = 138) who completed a self-report measure of IPV perpetration and victimization. We also examined whether distress tolerance moderated the relationship between reports of IPV and negative emotional research reactions. Consistent with previous research, after accounting for distress tolerance, substance use, and demographic control variables, IPV was unrelated to negative emotional research reactions. Distress tolerance did not moderate the association between IPV and research reactions. Findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that IPV research meets Institutional Review Board (IRB) requirements for minimal risk research.
From Sexual Assault to Sexual Risk
Authors: Wells Brooke E. , Starks Tyrel J. , Robel Erika , Kelly Brian C. , Parsons Jeffrey T. , Golub Sarit A.
Published: May 2015

Among women and gay and bisexual men, sexual assault is associated with increased rates of sexual risk behavior and negative sexual health outcomes. Although the mechanisms of these effects are potentially myriad, the current analyses examine the role of perceived partner pressure for condomless sex in mediating the association between adult sexual assault (ASA) and recent anal or vaginal sex without a condom. In a sample of 205 young adult women and gay and bisexual men, ASA was indirectly associated with condomless anal and/or vaginal sex via perceptions of partner pressure for condomless sex, χ2(1) = 5.66, p = .02, after controlling for race, age, gender and sexual identity, and relationship status. The elucidation of this relational mechanism points to several potential intervention and prevention strategies that may reduce actual and perceived pressure for sex without a condom, including strategies designed to facilitate the prioritization of health and safety over relational goals and the improvement of partner selection and perceptions of partner pressure.
Examining Greek Special Education Teachers’ Individual and Collaborative Teaching Experiences
Authors: Morfidi Eleni , Samaras Anastasia P.
Published: May 2015

In this exploratory study, the authors examine Greek special education teachers’ individual and collaborative teaching experiences in the context of their literacy instruction. The Five Foci Framework, situated in Vygotskian theory, is utilized in the study’s design to examine special education teachers’ individual and collaborative experiences teaching and included personal situated inquiry, critical collaborative inquiry, improved learning, transparent research process, and knowledge generation and presentation. Twenty-five special education teachers in northwestern Greece participate in the study. Data include individual semi-structured interviews, researchers’ analytical memoing and dialogue, and inter-rater coding. Data are independently analyzed and result in the following themes: inquiries and goals, stories of collaboration, assessment, and challenges and needs. The authors offer suggestions for enacting co-teaching within the structures of national standards through collaborative self-study.
Validation of the Arabic Version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale among Lebanese Women
Authors: Charafeddine Lama , Tamim Hani , Soubra Marwa , de la Mora Arlene , Nabulsi Mona ,   Research and Advocacy Breastfeeding Team, Nabulsi Mona , Charafeddine Lama , Kabakian Tamar , Yehya Nadine , Tamim Hani , Sinno Durriyah , Masri Saadieh
Published: May 2015

Background:

There is need in the Arab world for validated instruments that can reliably assess infant feeding attitudes among women. The 17-item Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) has consistently shown good reliability and validity in different cultures and the ability to predict breastfeeding intention and exclusivity.

Objective:

This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the IIFAS (IIFAS-A).

Methods:

After translating to classical Arabic and back-translating to English, the IIFAS-A was pilot tested among 20 women for comprehension, clarity, length, and cultural appropriateness. The IIFAS-A was then validated among 170 women enrolled in a breastfeeding promotion and support clinical trial in Lebanon.

Results:

The IIFAS-A showed acceptable internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.640), with principal components analysis revealing that it is unidimensional. The 17 items had good interitem reliabilities ranging between 0.599 and 0.665. The number of breastfed children was the only predictor of the overall IIFAS-A score in a multivariate stepwise regression model (β = 1.531, P < .0001).

Conclusion:

The 17-item IIFAS-A is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring women’s infant feeding attitudes in the Arab context.
Mourning Mayberry
Authors: Carlson Jennifer
Published: May 2015

This study uses in-depth interviews and participant observation with gun carriers in Michigan to examine how socioeconomic decline shapes the appropriation of guns by men of diverse class and race backgrounds. Gun carriers nostalgically referenced the decline of Mayberry America—a version of America characterized by the stable employment of male breadwinners and low crime rates. While men of color and poor and working-class men bear the material brunt of these transformations, this narrative of decline impacts how both privileged and marginalized men think of themselves as men because of the ideological centrality of breadwinning to American masculinity. Using Young’s (2003) “masculine protectionism” framework, I argue that against this backdrop of decline, men use guns not simply to instrumentally address the threat of crime but also to negotiate their own position within a context of socioeconomic decline by emphasizing their role as protector.
Comparative study of in situ polymerized waterborne polyurethane/nano-silica composites and polyethersiloxanediol-modified polyurethane
Authors: Yan-ting Han , Zheng Cheng , Wei Dong , Fan Zhang , Zhong-yin Xin
Published: May 2015

The waterborne polyurethane/nano-silica composites (WPU/nano-silica, WPUS) and WPU composites modified by polyethersiloxanediol (WPUPES) were prepared, respectively. The properties of WPUS and WPUPES were investigated by various characterizations. The results showed both WPUS and WPUPES had better waterproof property and thermal stability than neat WPU. However, WPUPES has a lower elongation at break due to the higher micro-phase separation. This is ascribed to migration and aggregation of siloxane segments during the film formation. The tensile strength of WPUS was higher than that of neat WPU. This is attributed to the WPUS chain restriction caused by the network and physical cross-link points of nano-silica particles. Moreover, the glass transition temperature of WPUS shifted to higher temperature region while that of WPUPES shifted to lower temperature region.
How does single party dominance influence civil society organisations’ engagement strategies? Exploratory analysis of participative mainstreaming in a ‘regional’ European polity
Authors: Chaney Paul
Published: May 2015

A raft of United Nations Treaties, European Union Directives and domestic laws oblige governments in 180 + countries to apply the Participative Democratic Model of mainstreaming equalities to public administration by involving those targeted by equality initiatives at all stages in their design and delivery. Notwithstanding Participative Democratic Model’s deeply political nature, extant work has overlooked how governing party turnover influences civil society organisations’ (CSOs) strategies. Here, this lacuna is addressed using a negative ‘extreme case study’ research design involving qualitative accounts from civil society organisations in Wales, a ‘regional’ European polity characterised by one-party dominance. The findings reveal how the absence of turnover distorts the Participative Democratic Model in relation to diverse factors including: strategic bridging, extraparliamentary politics, cognitive locks and party institutionalisation. Inter alia, the wider contribution of this analysis lies in showing the importance of turnover to effective engagement, the ‘pathologies’ associated with one-party dominance and the need for adaptive civil society strategies tailored to prevailing electoral politics and governing party turnover in liberal democracies.
Effect of machining parameters on the surface finish of a metal matrix composite under dry cutting conditions
Authors: Boswell Brian , Islam Mohammad Nazrul , Davies Ian J , Pramanik Alokesh
Published: May 2015

The machining of aerospace materials, such as metal matrix composites, introduces an additional challenge compared with traditional machining operations because of the presence of a reinforcement phase (e.g. ceramic particles or whiskers). This reinforcement phase decreases the thermal conductivity of the workpiece, thus, increasing the tool interface temperature and, consequently, reducing the tool life. Determining the optimum machining parameters is vital to maximising tool life and producing parts with the desired quality. By measuring the surface finish, the authors investigated the influence that the three major cutting parameters (cutting speed (50–150 m/min), feed rate (0.10–0.30 mm/rev) and depth of cut (1.0–2.0 mm)) have on tool life. End milling of a boron carbide particle-reinforced aluminium alloy was conducted under dry cutting conditions. The main result showed that contrary to the expectations for traditional machined alloys, the surface finish of the metal matrix composite examined in this work generally improved with increasing feed rate. The resulting surface roughness (arithmetic average) varied between 1.15 and 5.64 μm, with the minimum surface roughness achieved with the machining conditions of a cutting speed of 100 m/min, feed rate of 0.30 mm/rev and depth of cut of 1.0 mm. Another important result was the presence of surface microcracks in all specimens examined by electron microscopy irrespective of the machining condition or surface roughness.
Study on the machining distortion of aluminum alloy parts induced by forging residual stresses
Authors: Liu Liangbao , Sun Jianfei , Chen Wuyi , Sun Pengfei
Published: May 2015

A weak-rigid monolithic component is subjected to significant distortion after the removal of material. This condition is principally due to flexibility of the part and the release of initial residual stresses resulting from fabrication. This article reports a systematic study on the measurement of initial residual stresses and the distortion of a windshield frame part induced by material removal from the forged blanks of aluminum alloy 7085-T7452. A layer-removal method was employed to measure the stress profiles of the blank. The stresses after analytical correction were found to be closer to actual condition. The effect of material removal on distortion from stressed blank was investigated using the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The simulated results indicate that after the proportion of removed material exceeds 60%, part distortion becomes stable. The comparisons of the simulation with experimental data suggest sufficient agreement with conclusion that the use of finite element analysis proves to be an attractive and reliable method for predicting stress-induced distortion.
A novel hybrid ICA-ANFIS model for prediction of manufacturing processes performance
Authors: Baseri Hamid , Belali-Owsia Moosa
Published: May 2015

In order to reduce the manufacturing process variability and improve the production yield, it is important to predict the performance of manufacturing process. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is a powerful network which can predict the output parameters of manufacturing process. However, design of ANFIS needs trial and errors to select the best structure. In this study, an imperialistic competitive algorithm has been used to determine the ANFIS architecture to reach minimum values of the prediction error. In order to evaluate the performance of this combined method, two illustrative examples of manufacturing processes have been used. Results indicated that the combined method has superiority in prediction of output, rather than previous developed ANFIS models and so it can be applied for modeling of the other manufacturing processes.
Late-Holocene drought and fire drove a widespread change in forest community composition in eastern North America
Authors: Clifford Michael J , Booth Robert K
Published: May 2015

Several regions of the world have recently experienced climate-induced changes in forest composition, highlighting the need to understand the causes, likelihood, and dynamics of abrupt vegetation change. Although few historical examples of climate-induced forest change exist from recent centuries, particularly in humid regions like the northeastern United States, paleoecological records are rich with examples. For example, pollen records from portions of the northeastern United States indicate that eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis) and American beech ( Fagus grandifolia) abruptly declined in abundance between 500 and 600 yr BP. Concomitant increases in pine ( Pinus spp.) and oak ( Quercus spp.) occurred. Hypotheses to explain this change have included cooling during the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA), Native American activity, drought, and/or fires. To better understand spatiotemporal patterns of forest change and assess potential causes and dynamics, we synthesized regional pollen records and developed two high-resolution, coupled records of vegetation, fire, and drought from bogs in Maine. Results of our synthesis reveal >70% of regional pollen sites recorded shifts in forest composition during this time period. Bog records revealed that forest composition changed a few decades after the onset of drought and regional fires, consistent with increased recruitment of pine and oak during post-disturbance succession. Vegetation changes persisted until European settlement. Our data demonstrate that widespread, long-lasting forest changes were triggered by decadal-to-multidecadal drought and associated fires, highlighting the potential for abrupt, long-lasting forest changes in response to transient climate and disturbance events, particularly when such events occur against the backdrop of more gradual temperature change.
What’s science? Where’s science? Science journalism in German print media
Authors: Summ Annika , Volpers Anna-Maria
Published: May 2015

This article examines the current state of science coverage in German print media. It deals with the following questions: (1) how the main characteristics of science journalism can be described, (2) whether there is a difference between various scientific fields, and (3) how different definitions of science journalism lead to differing findings. Two forms of science coverage were analyzed in a standardized, two-part content analysis of German newspapers ( N = 1730 and N = 1640). The results show a significant difference between a narrow and a broad definition of science journalism. In the classic understanding, science journalism is prompted by scientific events and is rather noncritical. Science coverage in a broad sense is defined by a wider range of journalistic styles, driven by non-scientific events, and with a focus on the statements of scientific experts. Furthermore, the study describes the specific role of the humanities and social sciences in German science coverage.
Neoliberalism and the convergence of nonprofit care work in Canada
Authors: Baines Donna
Published: May 2015

Drawing on two different sets of qualitative interview and participant observation data collected in Canada in 2012 and 2013, this article asks why the social justice/nonprofit ethos operates differently within two subsectors of care work in the nonprofit sector, namely within long-term care and social services. The article argues that various similarities exist across the two highly gendered work forces such as resistance and care for services users. Models such as New Public Management may be compelling further convergence; however, certain differences remain as well. The data presented in the article sustained that, in these care work sectors, New Public Management is an uneven and gendered project, simultaneously resisted and sustained through the gendered self-exploitation of the workforce and the roots from which each subsector developed.
Here and Now Aboriginal Assessment: background, development and preliminary evaluation of a culturally appropriate screening tool
Authors: Janca Aleksandar , Lyons Zaza , Balaratnasingam Sivasankaran , Parfitt Dora , Davison Sophie , Laugharne Jonathan
Published: May 2015

Objective:

Assessment of Aboriginal social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) is a complex and challenging task, in part due to a lack of suitable assessment tools. This paper reports the development and evaluation of a culturally appropriate screening tool called the Here and Now Aboriginal Assessment (HANAA).

Method:

The initial phase included development of a glossary of Aboriginal terms and concepts relating to SEWB. The glossary was used to identify 10 key HANAA domains, which included physical health, sleep, mood, suicide risk and self harm, substance use, memory, unusual experiences, functioning, life stressors and resilience. Evaluation of the HANAA included exploration of its cultural applicability, feasibility, reliability and validity.

Results:

The HANAA was well accepted by study participants and easily implemented by assessors. Reliability was good, with inter-rater agreements between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal assessors measured by Kappa statistics ranging from 0.5 to 1.0. There was also a good agreement between assessors and treating clinicians in identifying the main presenting problem and recommended course of action.

Conclusion:

The HANAA is a culturally appropriate and useful tool for the screening of SEWB among Aboriginal adults. It can also be used for teaching and training purposes of mental health and other professionals working with Aboriginal people.
The epidemiology of amphetamine type stimulant-related admissions in Albany, Western Australia: 2008–2013
Authors: Ridley Kelly , Coleman Mathew
Published: May 2015

Objective:

To explore the epidemiology of amphetamine type stimulant (ATS)-related admissions over six years in a regional centre, and to observe changes over time and compare demographics to national trends.

Method:

A retrospective audit of patients admitted with an International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) code relating to ATS use from 2008 to 2013 at Albany Health Campus. Age, gender and reason for admission were compared across each year, including repeat presentations. Concomitant codes during admission were noted.

Results:

One hundred and fifty two ATS-related hospital episodes were identified during the study period, 55% male and 45% female, with an age range from 16 to 50. Admission numbers increased over time. Patients with multiple admissions made up 35% of episodes. The most common reasons for admission were harmful use (F15.1) and psychotic disorder (F15.5). Sixty-nine percent of admissions had a concomitant ICD-10 code for mental health, 18% another medical code and 28% another factor influencing health status.

Conclusion:

The number of recognised ATS-related presentations is increasing at Albany Health Campus. A broad age range and comparatively high proportion of women were hospitalised. These patients have complex needs and many had multiple ATS-related admissions.
Cerebral oligodendroglioma mimicking intraventricular neoplasia in three dogs
Authors: Rissi Daniel R. , Levine Jonathan M. , Eden Kristin B. , Watson Victoria E. , Griffin John F. , Edwards John F. , Porter Brian F.
Published: May 2015

Oligodendroglioma is one of the most common primary central nervous system neoplasms of dogs. It is often diagnosed in older, brachycephalic breeds, and although its typical clinical features and neuroanatomic location have been well described, less common presentations may hinder its diagnosis. We describe 3 cases of canine cerebral oligodendroglioma that clinically and grossly present as intraventricular tumors. Histologic findings in all cases were typical of oligodendroglioma. Neoplastic cells were uniformly immunoreactive for Olig2 and negative for neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. In addition to the immunopositivity for Olig2, a cluster of morphologically distinct neoplastic cells in one of the cases was immunoreactive for synaptophysin, and the case was diagnosed as an oligodendroglioma with neurocytic differentiation. Based on these findings, oligodendroglioma should be included as a differential diagnosis for intraventricular neoplasia in dogs. Furthermore, oligodendroglioma with ventricular involvement should be differentiated from central neurocytoma by immunohistochemistry.
Pneumonia and bacteremia in a golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae during a translocation program of free-ranging animals in Brazil
Authors: Bueno Marina G. , Iovine Renata O. , Torres Luciana N. , Catão-Dias José L. , Pissinatti Alcides , Kierulff Maria C. M. , Carvalho Vania M.
Published: May 2015

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important emerging pathogen in humans, particularly the invasive hypermucoviscosity (HMV) phenotype. In addition, the organism is an important public health concern because of nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance. Nonhuman primates in captivity are susceptible to Klebsiella, particularly when a stress factor is involved. Infections vary depending on the species but can cause significant morbidity and mortality in these animals. The objective of this study was to describe a case of bronchopneumonia and bacteremia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a free-ranging golden-headed lion tamarin ( Leontopithecus chrysomelas) caught and maintained in quarantine during a translocation program for conservation purposes. An adult male, that had showed emaciation and apathy, was clinically examined and, despite being provided supportive therapy, died 2 days after onset of clinical signs. At postmortem examination, generalized bilateral pneumonia and pericarditis were observed. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% formalin for histology, and pulmonary tissues and cardiac blood were collected for microbiologic diagnostic procedures. Bacteria that were shown to be HMV K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae strains were isolated from the pulmonary fluids and cardiac blood in pure cultures. Severe bronchopneumonia was the main pathological finding. The consequences of the confirmed presence of the HMV phenotype of K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae in this wildlife species for human, animal, and ecosystem health should be determined. These results demonstrate the importance of quarantine and potential pathogen screening during wildlife translocation procedures.
Emydid herpesvirus 1 infection in northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica) and painted turtles (Chrysemys picta)
Authors: Ossiboff Robert J. , Newton Alisa L. , Seimon Tracie A. , Moore Robert P. , McAloose Denise
Published: May 2015

A captive, juvenile, female northern map turtle ( Graptemys geographica) was found dead following a brief period of weakness and nasal discharge. Postmortem examination identified pneumonia with necrosis and numerous epithelial, intranuclear viral inclusion bodies, consistent with herpesviral pneumonia. Similar intranuclear inclusions were also associated with foci of hepatocellular and splenic necrosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of fresh, frozen liver for the herpesviral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase gene yielded an amplicon with 99.2% similarity to recently described emydid herpesvirus 1 (EmyHV-1). Molecular screening of turtles housed in enclosures that shared a common circulation system with the affected map turtle identified 4 asymptomatic, EmyHV-1 PCR-positive painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta) and 1 asymptomatic northern map turtle. Herpesvirus transmission between painted and map turtles has been previously suggested, and our report provides the molecular characterization of a herpesvirus in asymptomatic painted turtles that can cause fatal herpesvirus-associated disease in northern map turtles.
Assessment of platelet function in healthy sedated cats using three whole blood platelet function tests
Authors: Ho Kimberly K. , Abrams-Ogg Anthony C. G. , Wood R. Darren , O’Sullivan M. Lynne , Kirby Gordon M. , Blois Shauna L.
Published: May 2015

The objectives of this study were to establish feline references intervals for 3 commercial whole blood platelet function test analyzer systems: Multiplate analyzer (MP; Roche Diagnostics International Ltd., Rotkreuz, Switzerland), Platelet Function Analyzer-100 (PF: Siemens Canada, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada), and Plateletworks Combo-25 kit (PW; Helena Laboratories, Beaumont, TX). Venipuncture was performed on 55 healthy sedated cats, and platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen (COL), and arachidonic acid (AA; MP only) was assessed using citrated blood. For the MP analyzer, median (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) area under curve (Units) for ADP, COL, and AA agonists were 87 (11–176), 81 (32–129), and 91 (59–129), respectively. For the PF analyzer, median (95% CIs) closure time, using COL–ADP cartridges, was 69 (46–89) sec. For the PW assay, median (95% CIs) percent aggregations for ADP and COL agonists were 71 (18–92) and 49 (9–96), respectively, using impedance hematology analyzer platelet counts, and 94 (25–98) and 68 (14–119), respectively, using flow cytometry hematology analyzer platelet counts. There were low correlations between the PF analyzer (COL–ADP cartridge) and MP analyzer (COL agonist; ρ = 0.11), and between the PF analyzer (COL–ADP cartridge) and PW assay (COL agonist using impedance platelet counts; ρ = 0.14). The PW assay percent aggregations using impedance and flow cytometric platelet counts were correlated for both ADP (ρ = 0.64) and COL (ρ = 0.64) agonists. Platelet function testing using these tests are feasible in cats, but 95% CIs are wide, so single results may be difficult to interpret. Platelet counting by impedance or flow cytometry may be used for the PW assay but are not interchangeable.
Too Masculine, Too Bad
Authors: Gartzia Leire , van Knippenberg Daan
Published: May 2015

This study challenges researchers and practitioners in the field of leadership to consider communion as a relevant variable for (male) leadership effectiveness. We suggest that communal traits influence the ability of male leaders to engender cooperation and that this effect is stronger in male-dominated contexts. We argue that this is because relevant traits and leadership behaviors that underscore a sense of community are associated with stereotypically feminine roles and identity. In a series of three studies, experimental as well as survey-based, using Spanish, Dutch, and American samples, we examined such gendered construction of male leadership and its effects on cooperation. Among others, results are discussed in terms of how stereotypically masculine constructions of male leadership may create barriers to effective leadership.
A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Method for Evaluation of In Vivo Poly-l-Lactide Biodegradation Kinetics From Stent-Polymer Matrices
Authors: Orlik Bartłomiej , Buszman Piotr P. , Krauze Agata , Gąsior Paweł , Desperak Piotr , Pająk Jacek , Kasperczyk Janusz , Janas Adam , Jelonek Michał , Handzlik-Orlik Gabriela , Buszman Paweł E. , Milewski Krzysztof
Published: May 2015

Objectives:

We aimed to comprehensively evaluate poly-lactide polymer degradation and sirolimus release kinetics from a drug-eluting stent matrix in the in vivo setting using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method.

Methods:

In 22 domestic swine, 18 biodegradable polymer-only coated stents (BPSs) and 36 biodegradable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stents (BP-SES) were implanted in coronary arteries with 115% overstretch. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days following baseline procedures. Vessel segments with BPS were harvested to evaluate polymer degradation with a NMR method, whereas BP-SES to analyze sirolimus tissue uptake and retention. Additionally, 8 BP-SES were implanted for histological analysis for 90 days of follow-up.

Results:

The NMR showed a gradual absorption of the polymer over the 6 consecutive time points, from 5.48 µg of the polymer on the stent at 1-day follow-up, through 4.33 µg at 3 days, 3.16 µg at 7 days, 2.42 µg at 14 days, 1.92 µg at 28 days to 1.24 µg in the last day of the study. The curve of polymer degradation corresponds well with the pharmacokinetic profile of sirolimus eluted from its surface and measured at identical time points. In histopathology, at 90 days, complete healing and biocompatibility were reported.

Conclusions:

The utilization of NMR method for BP absorption kinetics evaluation is a useful tool, which may be widely adopted to test other biodegradable implants. Further, it may substantially improve their safety and efficacy by facilitating programmed polymer and drugs elution.
Tourist Shoppers’ Evaluation of Retail Service: A Study of Cross-Border Versus International Outshoppers
Authors: Sharma Piyush , Chen Ivy S. N. , Luk Sherriff T. K.
Published: May 2015

This article extends the concept of customer perceived value (CPV) to the tourist outshopping context and explores the differences in antecedents and outcomes of CPV between cross-border and international outshoppers. A large-scale field survey in Hong Kong with cross-border outshoppers from mainland China and international shoppers from four Western countries (Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States) shows that perceived product quality, risk, and value for money have a stronger effect on CPV for cross-border outshoppers, and employee service quality and lifestyle congruence for international outshoppers. CPV also has a stronger positive effect on satisfaction, word of mouth, and repeat purchase intentions for cross-border outshoppers, whereas satisfaction has a stronger positive impact on word of mouth and repeat purchase intentions for international outshoppers. We discuss the conceptual contribution and managerial implications of our findings for international retailers, researchers, and tourism organizations.
Patient experiences of awake craniotomy: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Howie Emma , Bambrough Jacki , Karabatsou Konstantina , Fox John RE
Published: May 2015

Awake craniotomy with language mapping enables maximum resection of tumours in eloquent areas while preserving function. This study aims to understand the lived experiences of those undergoing an awake craniotomy. Six participants who underwent awake craniotomy were interviewed, and the data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Themes were identified as ‘Unspeakable Fear’, ‘Dissociation’ and ‘Control and Responsibility’. Participants discussed how surgery was a threat to the sense of self. Dissociation during surgery operated as a protective mechanism, while the surgical team all had roles in maintaining this bubble of dissociation, such as being a support to the patient’s emotional needs.
Organisational challenges to delivering child investigative interviewer training via e-learning
Authors: Benson Mairi , Powell Martine
Published: May 2015

This article examined organisational challenges arising from the implementation of a new training course for investigative interviewers of vulnerable witnesses. The course was delivered via e-learning (computer exercises) and also involved mock interviews conducted over the telephone. Thematic analysis was conducted of: (a) trainees’ anonymous written feedback submitted to an online discussion forum on the training programme’s website, (b) trainees’ responses to face-to-face questions during semi-structured qualitative interviews, and (c) correspondence between trainees and trainers regarding the training programme. Despite unanimous support for the new training programme, three challenges were identified: limited allocated work time to complete the training, conflicting work practices arising from staggered course enrolment, and difficulties associated with computer and technical skills. These organisational challenges must be addressed to ensure that any future evaluation of the programme on skill performance provides a true indication of the programme’s impact on skill development. From a managerial perspective, organisational challenges need to be addressed in order to maximise the accessibility, completion and long-term success of an e-learning training model for interviewers.
Negative perceptions of asking for support in law enforcement
Authors: Lambert Alysa D , Steinke Camela M
Published: May 2015

Police culture can be extremely powerful and may dictate many of the behaviors required of an officer. Some behaviors may be perceived as stigmatizing and engagement in these activities can cause the officer to feel ostracized. Using the Conservation of Resources Theory, this research attempted to shed some light on the perceived effect of using certain benefits and if this perception led to benefit avoidance (BA). This research also explored some potential antecedents of BA (e.g. supervisory support). Results showed that officers do perceive a negative effect related to BU and perceived supervisory and organizational support do impact BA.
Cerebroprotective effects of RAS inhibitors: Beyond their cardio-renal actions
Authors: Kalra Jaspreet , Prakash Atish , Kumar Puneet , Majeed Abu Bakar Abdul
Published: May 2015

Work on the brain renin–angiotensin system has been explored by various researchers and has led to elucidation of its basic physiologies and behavior, including its role in reabsorption and uptake of body fluid, blood pressure maintenance with angiotensin II being its prominent effector. Currently, this system has been implicated for its newly established effects, which are far beyond its cardio-renal effects accounting for maintenance of cerebral blood flow and cerebroprotection, seizure, in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and bipolar disorder. In this review, we have discussed the distribution of angiotensin receptor subtypes in the central nervous system (CNS) together with enzymatic pathways leading to active angiotensin ligands and its interaction with angiotensin receptor 2 (AT2) and Mas receptors. Secondly, the use of angiotensin analogues (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and AT1 and/or AT2 receptor blockers) in the treatment and management of the CNS disorders mentioned above has been discussed.
Observing and assessing young children’s digital play in the early years: Using the Digital Play Framework
Authors: Edwards Susan , Bird Jo
Published: May 2015

Early childhood education settings are characterized by the use of play-based learning and the assessment of children’s play by teachers to promote further learning. A problem with technology use in early childhood settings is that little is known about how children learn to use technologies through play. This lack of knowledge makes it difficult for teachers to observe and assess how young children in their settings are learning to use technologies. In this article, we report on the use of a new framework we have previously developed to help educators observe and assess young children’s learning to use technologies through play. Known as the Digital Play Framework, the framework draws on Vygotsky’s ideas about tool mediation to position technologies as tools that children learn to master according to Hutt’s conceptualization of epistemic and ludic play. We suggest that the Digital Play Framework holds potential for supporting educators to identify children’s learning to use technologies through play and therefore opportunities for extending the provision of play-based technology education in the early years.
Use of a new soft and long coil reduces the number of coils to embolize a small aneurysm
Authors: Sadato Akiyo , Hayakawa Motoharu , Adachi Kazuhide , Kato Yoko , Hirose Yuichi
Published: May 2015

Background

In embolizing a cerebral aneurysm, achievement of a high-volume embolization ratio (VER: volume of inserted coils / aneurysm volume) is important because it may prevent coil compaction and recanalization. The goal of the study is to examine whether use of softer and longer coils gives an adequate VER with fewer coils, particularly for small aneurysms.

Methods

Aneurysm volumes, VERs, and numbers of inserted coils were investigated in 23 cases of small aneurysms embolized using Infini coils, a long soft coil with a primary diameter of 0.010 inches (Infini group). An aneurysm volume- and VER-matched control (non-Infini) group of 59 cases was selected from patients treated at our facility. Data were also compared between subgroups of patients ( n = 18 and n = 34 in the Infini and non-Infini groups, respectively) who were not treated with thicker coils with primary diameters of 0.0135–0.015 inches (18-type coils), since these coils affect the number of coils by increasing VER rapidly.

Results

Average aneurysm volumes and VERs did not differ significantly between the Infini and non-Infini groups. Significantly fewer coils were used per 0.1 ml aneurysm volume in the Infini group (4.08 coils in average) compared with the non-Infini group (5.67) ( p < 0.001). In the non-18-type subgroups, the number of coils used remained significantly smaller in the Infini group (4.49) compared with the non-Infini group (6.72), ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion

To achieve VER ≥20%, use of Infini coils significantly decreased the number of coils required per unit volume of a small aneurysm.