bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Terrified Sound Stress Impairs Learning And Memory Ability of Adult Female
Authors: Gao Shanfeng , Zhang Lingyu , Wang Xia , Han Lin , Xiao Xuan , Xiong Xiaofan , Li Rufeng , Ni Lei , Yang Juan
Published: November 2021

Stress, as an important environmental factor of mental health, cannot be ignored. The great physiological difference between males and females implies that the effects of stress may differ by gender. However, few studies have focused on the effects of stress on females. This study investigated the effects of a terrified sound stress on adult female mice.Methods: 32 adults female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group (n=16) and stress group (n=16). Sucrose preference test and open field test (OFT) were carried out to evaluate the anxiety and depression of mice. Spatial learning and memory ability were measured by Morris Water maze test (MWM). Endocrine hormones were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum differential proteins were screened by mass spectrometry (MS). Results: Compared with control group, the sucrose preference of stress group was decreased; in MWM, the escape latency of the stress group was significantly prolonged (P<0.05), and the total swimming distance was significantly increased (P<0.05).Serum T (P<0.05), GnRH (P<0.05), FSH and LH levels decreased; thirty six differential peaks were found by MS, eight of them had high multiples of difference (> 1.2 or <0.8). Conclusion: terrified sound stress impairs spatial learning ability and mental health of adult female mice.
COVID-19 In United States: Statistical Analysis and Inferences From the Empirical Data
Authors: Rethnakar Nivedita
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the mortality statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic from the United States perspective. Using empirical data analysis and statistical inference tools, we bring out several exciting and important aspects of the pandemic, otherwise hidden. Specific patterns seen in demo- graphics such as race/ethnicity and age are discussed both qualitatively and quantitatively. We also study the role played by factors such as population density. Connections between COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases are also covered in detail. The temporal dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak and the impact of vaccines in controlling the pandemic are also looked at with suf- ficient rigor. It is hoped that statistical inference such as the ones gathered in this paper would be helpful for better scientific understanding, policy prepa- ration and thus adequately preparing, should a similar situation arise in the future.
Radiomics Nomogram Based on Spectral CT Imaging to Diagnose Osteoporosis
Authors: Yao Qianqian , Liu Mengke , Yuan Kemei , Xin Yue , Qiu Xiaoqian , Zheng Xiuzhu , Li Changqin , Duan Shaofeng , qin jian
Published: November 2021

Background: Osteoporosis is associated with a decrease of bone mineralized component as well as a increase of bone marrow fat. At present, there are few studies using radiomics nomogram based fat-water material decomposition (MD) images of spectral CT as an evaluation method of osteoporosis. This study aims to establish and validate a radiomics nomogram based the fat-water imaging of spectral CT in diagnosing osteoporosis.Methods: 95 patients who underwent spectral CT included T11-L2 and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to T-score, normal bone mineral density (BMD) (T≥-1) and abnormally low BMD (T<-1). Radiomic features were selected from fat-water imaging of the spectral CT. Radscore was calculated by summing the selected features weighted by their coefficients. A nomogram combining the radiomics signature and significant clinical variables was built. The ROC curve was performed to evaluate the performance of the model. Finally, we used decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the model.Results: Five radiomic features based on fat-water imaging of spectral CT were constructed to distinguish abnormally low BMD from normal BMD, and its differential performance was high with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.89-1.00) in the training cohort and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.91-1.00) in the test cohort. The radiomics nomogram showed excellent differential ability with AUC of 0.96 (95%CI, 0.91-1.00) in the training cohort and 0.98 (95%CI, 0.93-1.00) in the test cohort, which performed better than the radiomics model and clinics model only. The DCA showed that the radiomics nomogram had a higher benefit in differentiating abnormally low BMD from normal BMD than the clinical model alone.Conclusion: The radiomics nomogram incorporated radiomics features and clinical factor based the fat-water imaging of spectral CT may serve as an efficient tool to identify abnormally low BMD from normal BMD well.
COVID-19 Severity among Women of Reproductive Age with Symptomatic Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 by Pregnancy Status – United States, Jan 1, 2020 – Sep 30, 2021
Authors: Strid Penelope , Zapata Lauren B. , Tong Van T. , Zambrano Laura D. , Woodworth Kate R. , Riser Aspen P. , Galang Romeo R. , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Ellington Sascha R.
Published: November 2021

Importance: Pregnant people are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 compared with nonpregnant people. Limited information is available on the severity of COVID-19 attributable to the Delta variant, the predominant variant in the United States as of late June 2021, among pregnant persons.Objective: To assess risk for severe COVID-19 by pregnancy status and time period relative to Delta variant predominance. Design: Using a cross-sectional design, we describe characteristics of symptomatic women of reproductive age (WRA) with COVID-19 and calculate adjusted risk ratios for severe disease comparing pregnant with nonpregnant WRA during the pre-Delta period (January 1, 2020 – June 26, 2021) and the Delta period (June 27, 2021 – September 30, 2021). Additionally, we calculate adjusted risk ratios for severe disease comparing the Delta period with the pre-Delta period for pregnant and nonpregnant WRA.Setting: Reports of COVID-19 in the United States occurring from January 1, 2020 ─ September 30, 2021, submitted to the CDC.Participants: Pregnant and nonpregnant women aged 15-44 years.Exposure(s): Laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.Main Outcome(s): Severe disease: (intensive care unit [ICU] admission, receipt of invasive ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO], and death).Results: Among 1,856,428 cases of symptomatic COVID-19 in WRA, the risk for severe disease was increased among pregnant compared with nonpregnant WRA during the pre-Delta and Delta periods. Compared with the pre-Delta period, the risk of ICU admission during the Delta period was 66% higher (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.66, 95% CI: 1.34-2.06) for pregnant WRA and 23% higher (aRR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.12-1.35) for nonpregnant WRA. The risk of invasive ventilation or ECMO was higher for pregnant and nonpregnant WRA in the Delta period. During the Delta period, the risk of death was 3.40 (95% CI: 2.36-4.91) times the risk in the pre-Delta period among pregnant WRA and 1.96 (95% CI: 1.75-2.18) among nonpregnant WRA. Conclusions and Relevance: The overall risk for severe COVID-19 among WRA remains low; however, symptomatic pregnant WRA remain at increased risk for severe outcomes compared with symptomatic nonpregnant WRA during Delta variant predominance. Compared with the pre-Delta period, pregnant and nonpregnant WRA are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 in the Delta period.
Assessment of Knowledge and vaccination status towards Hepatitis B Virus among health care workers in private clinics of Addis ketema sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Authors: Bekele Amanuel Kelem , Abdulwahab Hikma , Mohammedawol Ekram , Yohannes Ruth
Published: November 2021

Background: Hepatitis B Virus is a DNA virus of the hepadnaviridae family of viruses. It replicates within infected liver cells (hepatocytes) and may cause acute and chronic hepatitis.The hepatitis B vaccine is the mainstay of hepatitis B prevention. Since 1982, safe and effective hepatitis B virus vaccines have been commercially available. the aim of this study was to assess knowledge towards Hepatitis B Virus among health care workers in relation to their vaccination status in private clinics of Addis ketema sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods(design): A cross-sectional studywas conducted and multi-stage sampling technique was used and in total 231 healthcareworkers were enrolled in the study, which was conducted in private clinics of Addisketema sub-city. self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the health care workers. The collected data was entered intoEpi-data and analyzed using SPSS 25. Results: Two hundred thirty one healthcare workers completed and returned the questionnaires giving an overall response rate of 97%.Only 66 (28.6%) respondents reported that they received one or more doses of Hepatitis B vaccine. From these, 43 (65.2%) received three doses which was only 18.6% of the total Workers.participants with poor and moderate knowledge had equal proportion 92(39.8%) ,while only 47 (20.3%) were found to have high-level of knowledge .Having high-level of knowledge was not a statistically significant predictor of vaccination uptake. Conclusions: Hepatitis B Virus vaccination coverage and knowledge were poor among health care workers. Therefore: educational intervention and provision of vaccinationis recommended for these vulnerable workers of Addis-ketema sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of intraoral products containing phthalocyanine: in vitro study
Authors: Orcina Bernardo da Fonseca , Reia Verônica Caroline Brito , Santos Caique Andrade , Peres Milena Helen , Vilhena Fabiano Vieira , Santos Paulo Sérgio da Silva
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiseptic efficacy of a mouthwash and a dental gel containing phthalocyanine derivatives (Pc) against bacteria and fungi frequently found in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. The experiment in this study was conducted following Good Laboratory Practices. The product was tested at concentrations of 0.015% (mouthwash) and 0.100% (dental gel). The contact time of the suspension test (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger) was 60 s (1 min). In this analysis, the Phtalox® Mouthwash and Dental Gel resulted in a 99.99% reduction against the tested microorganisms after 1 min of contact time in both products. The Pc-containing mouthwash and dental gel were effective against bacteria and fungi found in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.
An Accidental Emamectin Benzoate Poisoning In Child: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Gopal Kumar , Mandal Krishna Chandra , Devkota Ashok Raj
Published: November 2021

Background: Emamectin Benzoate has high GABA (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid) receptor affinity and increase chloride membrane permeability. It is the 4'-deoxy-4'-epi-methyl-amino benzoate salt of avermectin B1 (abamectin), obtained from natural fermentation products of Streptomyces Avermitilis.Report: This case report describes the accidental poisoning of Emamectin Benzoate 5% w/ws in a female child. The child was brought to the emergency department(ED) with complaints of nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. She consumed a packet of “LURA” (5% w/w Soluble Granule (SG) Emamectin Benzoate) supposing it as a packet of “JALJEERA” (a commonly used beverage) since there was no proper labelling. The patient was hemodynamically stable and underwent vigorous gastric lavage with normal saline, activated charcoal and coconut oil. Her blood report was normal for serum electrolytes and renal function. She was admitted in medical ward for symptomatic management and observation. She was given antiemetics, IV fluids and antacids and discharged in 2 days. In follow up after 1 week, she did not have any complain, her gastrointestinal symptoms had completely resolved and she was doing very well.Conclusion: In absence of specific antidote, vigorous gastric lavage with both activated charcoal and coconut oil improves the outcome in Emamectin Benzoate poisoning.
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in primary central nervous system lymphoma and correlated with a poor prognosis.
Authors: Liu Yuanbo
Published: November 2021

Background

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a specific subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is highly invasive and confined to the central nervous system (CNS). The vast majority of PCNSLs are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). PCNSL is a highly heterogeneous disease, and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Further studies are needed to guide individualized therapy and improve the prognosis.
Methods

In this study, we detected 1) the expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-S6 and p-4E-BP1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting, 2) the mRNA expression by real-time qPCR and 3) the deletion of PTEN gene by immunofluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in order to investigate the activation status of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in PCNSL. Samples of reactive hyperplasia lymphnods were used as the control group. The correlations between the clinical characteristics and prognosis of PCNSL patients and the expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-S6 and p-4E-BP1 and the deletion of PTEN were assessed.
Results

The IHC results showed that the positive expression rates of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-S6 and p-4E-BP1 in PCNSL were significantly higher in the PCNSL group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The relative mRNA expression level of MTOR in PCNSL samples was significantly increased (P = 0.013). Correlation analysis revealed that the expression of p-mTOR was correlated with that of p-AKT, p-S6, p-4E-BP1. PTEN deletion was found in 18.9% of PCNSL samples and was correlated with the expression of p-AKT (P = 0.031). Correlation analysis revealed that the PCNSL relapse rate in the p-mTOR-positive group was 64.5%, significantly higher than that in the negative group (P = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed inferior progression-free survival (PFS) in the p-mTOR- and p-S6-positive groups (P = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively), and PTEN deletion tended to be related to shorter overall survival (OS) (P = 0.072). Cox regression analysis revealed p-mTOR expression as an independent prognostic factor for a shorter PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 7.849, P = 0.046).
Conclusions

Our results suggest that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in PCNSL and associated with a poor prognosis, which might indicate new therapeutic targets and prognostic factors.
Artificial neural network-based study predicts GS-441524 as a potential inhibitor of SARS COV-2 activator protein furin: A polypharmacology approach
Authors: Dhanalakshmi M , Das Kajari , Pandya Medha , Shah Sejal , Gadnayak Ayushman , Dave Sushma , Das Jayashankar
Published: November 2021

Furin, a pro-protein convertase, plays a significant role as a biological scissor in bacterial, viral, and even mammalian substrates which in turn decides the fate of many viral and bacterial infections along with the numerous ailments caused by cancer, diabetes, inflammations, and neurological disorders. In the wake of the current pandemic caused by the virus SARS COV-2, furin has become the center of attraction for researchers as the spike protein contains a polybasic furin cleavage site. In the present work, we have searched for novel inhibitors against this interesting human target from FDA-approved antivirals. To enhance the selection of new inhibitors we employed Kohonen’s artificial neural network-based self-organizing maps for ligand-based virtual screening. Promising results were obtained which can help in drug repurposing and network pharmacology studies addressing the errors generated due to promiscuity/polypharmacology. We found 15 existing FDA antivirals having the potential to inhibit furin. Among these, six compounds have targets on many important human proteins (LDLR, FCGR1A, PCK1, TLR7, DNA, and PNP) also. These 15 drugs inhibiting furin could be studied in patients infected with many viruses including SARS COV-2. We also propose two promising candidate FDA drugs GS-441524 and Grazoprevir (MK-5172) for repurposing as inhibitors of furin. The best results were observed with GS-441524.
Clinical, Immunological and Genetic Characterization of Patients With X-linked Agammaglobulinemia in Costa Rica
Authors: Ivankovich-Escoto Gabriela , Danielian Sylvia , Morera Estela , Barboza Elexandra , Atmella Ivannia , Silva Sandra , Santamaría Carlos , Porras Oscar
Published: November 2021

X-linked agammaglobulinemia is caused by mutations in the gene encoding Bruton tyrosine kinase. It produces an arrest in the maturation and differentiation of B cells with very low levels of all immunoglobulins isotypes. The aim of the study was to characterize the clinical, immunological and genetic defect in patients with XLA in Costa Rica. Sixteen cases were identified over a period of 30 years, a case every 2 years, approximately. Three patients were asymptomatic and diagnosis was made by family history. the average age of onset of symptoms was 1.46 years-old (0.08-6.1). Six patients (44%) had onset of symptoms before 1 year of age and 12 (81%) patients before 5 years of age. The average age of diagnosis was 3.63 years-old (0.17-13, SD 3.51 years-old the average time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis was 2.5 years (2.5 months to 12 years, SD 3 years). Initial reason to study the patients was recurrent infection, family history of XLA, arthritis and neutropenia. Four patients had pneumonia and two had suppurative lung disease. Nine patients had recurrent infection: acute otitis media, sinusitis, mastoiditis and recurrent diarrhea. Three patients presented with arthritis. Neutropenia as an isolated event was not identified in any case. All patients receive monthly IVIG and no deaths were reported. Three new likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants in BTK gene have been described in our population. This is the first report of XLA Costa Rican patients and their BTK mutations.
Parents’ Attitudes About Gender Roles In Caregiving And Practices: Perspectives From A Community-Led Parenting Empowerment Program In Rural Kenya And Zambia
Authors: Okelo Kenneth , Onyango Silas , Murdock Dawn , Cordingley Kaylie , Munsongo Kelvin , Nyamor George , Kitsao-Wekulo Patricia
Published: November 2021

Background: This study was part of a project funded by the Hilton Foundation in partnership with Episcopal Relief and Development to conduct implementation research in rural communities in Kenya and Zambia. This involves testing the feasibility and effectiveness of community-based parenting empowerment in improving nurturing care of young children in rural communities in Zambia and Kenya. Few studies have investigated fathers’ roles in nurturing care of young children (birth-age to 3), particularly responsive care and stimulation (i.e. providing opportunities for early learning) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Fathers are often perceived to be mainly responsible for the provision of the family's economic needs. However, past studies have demonstrated that fathers’ involvement in parenting has great significance for the child’s holistic growth and development.Methods: Qualitative interviews and discussions with caregivers (primary caregivers and secondary caregivers) with children below three years, program volunteers (ECD Promoters and faith leaders), Moments That Matter Program implementers and government officials involved in the program implementation. The study reported in this paper aimed to establish the effects of the parenting empowerment program on more gender-equal attitudes about gender roles in parenting and actual caregiving practices by fathers (who are not the primary caregivers), after participating in the Moments That Matter (MTM) Program in Kenya and Zambia for 24 months. Qualitative data were collected at three-time points (baseline, midline and endline). Results: The findings show that the MTM Program resulted in improved gender-equal parenting attitudes and practices among mothers/other primary caregivers and fathers. Study participants reported that most fathers were actively involved in parenting and caregiving due to their participation in the MTM Program. Conclusion: The study findings provide evidence that targeted parenting programs can influence changes in perceived gender roles in parenting.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization Increased Above-Belowground Feedback of Maize In a Degraded Coal Mining Area Soil By Increasing The Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation And Allocation of Mazie
Authors: Bi Yinli , Wang Xiao , Cai Yun , Christie Peter
Published: November 2021

A three-compartment culture system was used to study the mechanism by which the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae influences host plant growth and soil organic carbon (SOC) content in a coal mining area. A 13CO2 pulse tracing technique traced the allocation of maize photosynthetic C in shoots, roots, AM fungus and soil to detect C accumulation and allocation in mycorrhizal (inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae) and non-mycorrhizal treatments.AM fungal inoculation significantly increased the 13C concentration and content in both above- and below-ground plant parts. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly enhanced the anti-aging ability by increasing soluble sugars and catalase activity (CAT) in maize leaves while reducing foliar malondialdehyde content (MDA) and leaf temperature to promote plant growth. AM fungi also increased P uptake to promote maize growth. Soil organic carbon (SOC), glomalin, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) contents increased significantly after inoculation. A mutually beneficial system was established involving maize, the AM fungus and the microbiome, and the AM fungus became an important regulator of C flux between the above- and below-ground parts of the system. Inoculation with the AM fungus promoted plant growth, C fixation and allocation belowground to enhance soil quality. The positive above-belowground feedback appeared to be established.
Diagnostic Stewardship Aiming at Expectorated or Induced Sputum Promotes Microbial Diagnosis in Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Waagsbø Bjørn , Buset Eva Margrethe , Longva Jørn-Åge , Bjerke Merete , Bakkene Birgitte , Ertesvåg Anne-Stine , Holmen Hanne , Nikodojevic Marko , Tran To Thy , Christensen Andreas , Nilsen Einar , Damås Jan Kristian , Heggelund Lars
Published: November 2021

PurposeStudies on aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) vary in terms of microbial sampling methods, anatomical locations, and laboratory analyses, since no gold standard exists. In this large, multicentre, retrospective, regional study from Norway, our primary objective was to report the results of a strategic diagnostic stewardship intervention, targeting diagnostic yield from lower respiratory tract sampling. The secondary objective was to report in-hospital CAP aetiology and the diagnostic yield of various anatomical sampling locations.MethodsMedical records from cases diagnosed with in-hospital CAP were collected retrospectively from March throughout May for three consecutive years at six hospitals. Between year one and two, we launched a diagnostic stewardship intervention at the emergency room level for the university teaching hospital only. The intervention was multifaceted aiming at upscaling specimen collection and enhancing collection techniques. Year one at the interventional hospital and every year at the five other emergency hospitals were used for comparison.ResultsOf the 1280 included cases of in-hospital CAP, a microbiological diagnosis was established for 29.1 % among 1128 blood cultures and 1444 respiratory tract specimens. Blood cultures were positive for a pathogenic respiratory tract microbe in 4.9 % of samples, whereas upper and lower respiratory tract samples overall provided a probable microbiological diagnosis in 21.3 % and 47.5 %, respectively. Expectorated or induced sputum overall provided aetiology in 51.7 % of the samples. At the interventional hospital, diagnostic yield from expectorated or induced sputum was significantly enhanced from 41.2 % to 62.0 % after the intervention. Non-typeable Haemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 25.3 % and 24.7 % of microbiologically confirmed cases, respectively.ConclusionExpectorated or induced sputum outperformed other sampling methods in providing a reliable microbiological diagnosis for in-hospital CAP. A diagnostic stewardship intervention significantly improved diagnostic yield of lower respiratory tract sampling.
Analysis of the agility of the automotive industry supply chain in times of COVID-19: a case study
Authors: Tamtam Fadoua , Tourabi Amina
Published: November 2021

In the early stages of the corona virus pandemic, business environment was changing rapidly. The Moroccan automotive industry was one of the export sectors most affected negatively by the corona crisis; it collapsed during the three months of confinement and the pandemic has created immense uncertainties in demand and disrupted global supply chains. Indeed, to save the automotive industry, Morocco relies on its competitiveness and challenges current supply models for supply chain agility in order to better prepare for future disruptions. Achieving a competitive edge requires aligning company with suppliers and customers as well as working together to achieve agility, organizationally, strategically and individually. However, agile supply chains are the most powerful competitive vehicles of the manufacturing companies. To help automakers deal with the many challenges associated with the pandemic, let’s present this research on the key enablers that will need to be monitored as the situation evolves. Thus, our article presents an original approach which, by linking the competitive priorities, agile supply chain attributes and enablers, aims at evaluates and enhances supply chain agility of a Moroccan automotive factory. Let’s adopt fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD) approach and, in particular, the two houses of quality (HOQ) with a fuzzy scale in order to identify the most appropriate enablers to be implemented by the factory. This evaluation demonstrates that there are three enablers needing maximum attention: process compliance, logistics and distribution capabilities and supportive information technology. Then, the supply chain agility improvement should be based on these enablers
Sustainable initiatives in the food industry: Role of businesses and regulators
Authors: Tanakinjal Geoffrey , Gugkang Alesia , Rithuan Haji
Published: November 2021

In response to global calls for environmental awareness, the Malaysian government enforced restrictions on plastic usage in the Malaysian foodservice industry in 2020. Despite the efforts of public awareness campaigns championing the detrimental effects of traditional plastic usage, the impact of measures taken by food traders remains inadequate. The paper seeks to explore the relationship between subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, attitude, and the intention to use biodegradable straws among food traders. Purposive sampling method, the Structural Equation Model (SEM), and Partial Least Squares (PLS) tools were employed. The sample included 270 respondents. The result found a significant correlation between the four variables, i.e., subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, attitude, and intention to use. Hence, results obtained indicate that conscientious consumers have a significant influence on businesses in their quest to reduce their overall impact on the surrounding environment. Consequently, their socially responsible decisions, i.e., initiatives of using biodegradable products, have advocated mindful consumerism and encouraged positive purchasing behaviors. The results predict increasing demands as an outcome of this accumulated synergy, and this in turn provides more opportunities for food traders and their associated counterparts. The contributions of this study extend toward both theoretical and practical knowledge: (a) better understanding of consumer attitude and how it influences purchase intention, and (b) government regulation and enforcement towards environmental awareness and activities associated with global contributions.
A discriminação racial (des)mascarada: análise discursiva do romance O Presidente Negro de Monteiro Lobato
Authors: Marquezini Hellen Cordeiro Alves , Guimarães Ludmila De Vasconcelos Machado , Menezes Flávia Pereira Dias
Published: November 2021

A raça negra no Brasil é historicamente marcada pela discriminação, desvalorização e desrespeito. Tal realidade é reforçada por produtos culturais midiáticos que definem os estereótipos que depreciam o negro e o seu lugar na sociedade. Na literatura, é possível perceber que se por um lado existem autores que tentam dar voz a esses sujeitos, por outro reforçam e reverberam preconceitos. Compreendendo a possibilidade da utilização da literatura para se promover discussões de temas sensíveis, em especial no campo dos Estudos Organizacionais, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender como a obra de Monteiro Lobato, O Presidente Negro, contribui para a construção de imaginários sociodiscursivos e interdiscursivos racistas, que ainda hoje reverberam dentro das organizações. Para tanto, recorremos à Análise do Discurso, particularmente ao arcabouço teórico-metodológico dos linguistas franceses Charaudeau e Maingueneau, com os conceitos da Semiolinguística de Imaginários Sociais e de Interdiscurso, respectivamente. Conforme apresentado na análise, os imaginários e interdiscursos aqui analisados se apresentam como representações que permeiam a memória coletiva e acabam por evidenciar uma problemática estrutural. Além disso, foi possível observar que a obra é marcada por outros discursos como a filosofia iluminista, teorias racistas e teoria do darwinismo social que reforçam a ideia dos posicionamentos preconceituosos com relação à raça.
Biomarkers in Source Rocks from Barreirinha Formation (Devonian): Distribution and Paleoenvironment Significance
Authors: Silva Andrenilton , Barros Artur , Sousa Alek , Jarvie Daniel , Calderón Sebastian , Brito Ailton , Nogueira Afonso , de Souza Alexandre , de Lima Sidney
Published: November 2021

The Barreirinha Formation-Upper Devonian, is the main petroleum source rock of the Amazon Basin, deposited during the great Devonian Transgression, contributing to significant accumulations of organic matter (OM) in anoxic conditions, which allowed its preservation. The present work had the objective of characterizing the molecular composition of biomarkers in outcrops samples of the Barreirinha Formation, aiming to evaluate the paleoenvironment, thermal evolution, and the preservation of OM total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicate considerable amounts of immature OM deposited in a low oxygenation environment. Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) data corroborate that the OM was deposited in a suboxic to the oxic environment and low salinity (absence or low relative abundance of β-carotane and gammacerane). 24-N-Propyl-cholestane was detected and identified by synthetic pattern co-injection. High concentrations of tetracyclic polyprenoids (TPPs) in ascending order from base to top, high hopane/sterane ratios, to suggest that the samples had a high molecular weight n-alkanes, C29 steranes, low thermal evolution, and anoxic depositional paleoenvironment.
El marcado de ganado ovino roncalés: análisis de un discurso etnológico e ideográfico
Authors: Orduna Portús Pablo M. , Pérez Artuch Ángel María
Published: November 2021

Este estudio analiza el mensaje etnocultural trasmitido a través de los diferentes sistemas de marcaje que son empleados en las cabañas ganaderas del Valle de Roncal. Para ello, se ha realizado un trabajo de campo estructurado en una metodología de encuestación y registro tanto de los ideogramas de cada marca ganadera como de sus imágenes fotográficas en caso de aún conservarse la herramienta pecuaria. Se ha efectuado una investigación no experimental, que consta de un estudio descriptivo a través de un cuestionario analítico centrado en el tipo de ganado y modelo de explotación, el dibujo y significado de marca y el sistema de marcaje. A continuación, en el análisis correlacional de los resultados obtenidos, se evalúa el componente etnológico que aporta el discurso gráfico y su significación en la comunidad, más allá del propio objeto inicial agropecuario.
Assumptions of mass-media contributors about sources of language norms and rules of language use (based on survey materials)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Belov Sergey A. , Kropachev Nikolay M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: November 2021

The article represents the results of a survey among mass-media contributors (journalists, editors, content-managers) on their assumptions about compulsory requirements to use the national language in mass-media, inter alia — what legal limitations are established for this, which sources are used for the norms of the Russian language, those necessary to follow, and if mass-media contributors are specially trained on these norms in editorials offices. The survey showed that only a quarter of respondents knew about the compulsory rule to follow the norms of contemporary standard (literary) Russian in spheres where the national language (including mass-media) is used, and only 6% knew about the necessity to adhere to the official norms. A comparable number of respondents knew the sources for these norms. This leads to the conclusion that requirements to follow the norms of contemporary standard language established by legislation on national language are not effective. The widespread use of the Internet, primarily the site gramota.ru, articulately indicates the need to update the source of official norms of contemporary standard Russian language for its use as the national language. This source should be electronic and freely accessible, uniting different dictionaries and reference books, in order to provide comprehensive information on the norms for using acertain word in a particular language situation. More than 50% of respondents knew about the existence of mechanisms of state control over compliance with the requirements of language legislation, but they were not familiar with the actual requirements of this legislation. Editorial offices of media organizations do not pay due attention to this question.
The specifics of the use of the pronoun pair sei — onyi in the works of M.V.Lomonosov
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnova Anna S.
Published: November 2021

Based on the National corpus data of the Russian language and especially on Mikhail Lomonosov’s texts, the article focuses on a pronoun pair sei — onyi. In the Church Slavonic and in the Middle Russian language these pronouns were used in the deictic and substitution (anaphoric) function. The pronoun pair sei and onyi in a phrase or period indicates a juxtaposition or opposition of objects and these pronouns are used in a substitution function. Closer attention to these pronouns in Lomonosov’s works and translations makes it possible to notice one feature that is not fixed in dictionaries and grammars, the peculiarity of using this pair of pronouns in anaphoric function: sei replaces the last (nearest) mentioned object and onyi replaces the first mentioned one. Rare examples of such use are also found in the translated texts of the Church Slavonic and Middle Russian corpus. Similar examples are found in the body of Lomonosov’s texts not only in his translated texts, but also in his self-translations and own Russian works (in prose and poetry). As the examples illustrate, the use of the pronominal pair sei — onyi in Lomonosov’s texts was influenced by the pronominal pair hic — ille in the classical Latin. By borrowing and developing the Latin model of pronouns Lomonosov sought to combine the Russian language with the Latin element in order to show the relationship of the Russian language with the ancient one and their cultural equality.
AVALIAÇÃO DE CURTO PRAZO DA RETRAÇÃO DAS FALÉSIAS DE TIBAU DO SUL-RN
Authors: Scudelari Ada Cristina , Alves de Matos Maria de Fátima , Amaro Venerando Eustáquio , Rodrigues Camara Michel , Chaves Cavalcante Augusto César
Published: November 2021

O objetivo desde artigo foi empregar as ferramentas de Geotecnologias, como o Processamento Digital de Imagens (PDI) do satélite de alta resolução espacial QUICKBIRD, a análise espacial em ambientes de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e os módulos estatísticos do Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) para identificar os setores litorâneos assinalados por falésias marinhas no município de Tibau do Sul/RN, e quantificar as taxas de retração entre os anos de 2003 a 2013. Os resultados demonstraram que cerca de 34% da linha de costa do Município de Tibau do Sul, dominado por falésias, têm sofrido recuos expressivos. As maiores magnitudes de retração da borda das falésias ocorreram nos subsetores N2, C3 e S2, com recuo de 1,5m, 1,71m e 1,9m, respectivamente. O valor da constante LR² esteve mantido em todos os casos e foi maior que 0,75 sugerindo o processo erosivo linear instalado por toda a década avaliada. Deste modo, as ferramentas e métodos empregados servem como subsídios imprescindíveis aos estudos de identificação de processos erosivos costeiros e à construção de instrumentos de controle e gestão ambiental da zona costeira.
ILHAS DE CALOR NA ZONA URBANA DE CRATO/CEARÁ/BRASIL
Authors: Matos Francisco Bráz , Freitas Ticiano Moraes de , Luna Vinicius Ferreira , Silva Juliana Maria Oliveira , Moura Marcelo de Oliveira
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho em questão tem por objetivo identificar as ilhas de calor presentes na zona urbana do Crato-CE, mensurando dados de temperatura e umidade do ar correlacionado tais dados com as características geoecológicas e urbanas da referida cidade. Para tanto, adota-se as concepções do Professor Carlos Augusto de Figueiredo Monteiro (1976), que formulou a Teoria do Sistema Clima Urbano (S.C.U), identificando três canais de percepção humana: Termodinâmico, Hidrometeórico e Físico-químico. O trabalho aqui apresentado tem como foco o canal Termodinâmico. Para estruturação da pesquisa foi adotada a metodologia de pontos fixos, analisando a temperatura das 9h,15h e 21h. Foram feitos o levantamento bibliográfico e a cartografia da área estudada. Os resultados apontam a existência de ilhas de calor variando de muito forte a moderada e é discutido ao longo do trabalho os dados coletados e possíveis soluções.
Geomorfologia do Complexo Estuarino Lagunar Mundaú-Manguaba – CELMM, Alagoas, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Thiago Cavalcante Lins , Ferreira Bruno
Published: November 2021

Mapeamentos são temáticas recorrentes na Geomorfologia, com suas potencialidades e especificações na compreensão das dinâmicas ambientais. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo discutiu o relevo do Complexo Estuarino Lagunar Mundaú-Manguaba e seu entorno, utilizando técnicas de Geoprocessamento e Fotointerpretação, na aferição da dissecação do relevo e mapeamento de suas unidades taxonômicas, utilizando orientações metodológicas recorrente em estudos consagrados no Brasil. Identificou-se variados padrões de dissecação, entretanto, 90% do Complexo apresenta dissecação fraca. Foram setorizadas 2 unidades morfoestruturais, 7 unidades morfoesculturais e 21 subunidades morfoesculturais, com origens relacionadas a processos denudacionais em interação com movimentos tectônicos e variações do nível médio dos mares ao longo do Quaternário. A metodologia mostrou-se bastante promissora, possibilitando a confecção dos mapas temáticos, bases de dados e documentos que podem contribuir com planejamento e tomada de decisões na área.
Ordynariat polowy a ordynariat personalny dla byłych anglikanów - podobieństwa i różnice
Authors: Dohnalik Jan
Published: November 2021

Celem niniejszego studium jest porównanie od strony prawnej dwóch jurysdykcyjnych struktur personalnych: ordynariatów polowych (lub wojskowych) oraz ordynariatów personalnych dla wiernych wywodzących się z anglikanizmu. Inspiracją do przeprowadzenia takich badań porównawczych jest refleksja wybitnego kanonisty Gianfranco Ghirlandy, która znalazła się na stronie internetowej Kongregacji Doktryny Wiary, jako półoficjalny komentarz do konstytucji apostolskiej Anglicanorum coetibus, przez którą Benedykt XVI ustanowił ramy prawne dla funkcjonowania ordynariatów personalnych dla byłych anglikanów.
Incontro tra diritto ecclesiale e cultura indiana: Cenni storici e sfide attuali
Authors: Pudumai Doss Jesu
Published: November 2021

„Kultura przesiąknięta mądrością, bogata w ludzkie doświadczenie, przepełniona wartościami duchowymi, które wskazują na Boga i Jego Opatrzność w dziejach ludzkości” – stąd św. Jan Paweł II – w przemówieniu do biskupów Indii 23 czerwca 1979 r. – pragnął „oddać szacunek starożytnej kulturze waszej ziemi (Indii)”. Mówiąc o spotkaniu prawa kościelnego z kulturą indyjską, w pierwszej części przedstawiono krótki historyczny przegląd rozwoju kultury indyjskiej w szczególności w dwóch obszarach : cztery etapy indyjskiej kultury prawnej (starożytny hinduizm, wpływy muzułmańskie, wprowadzenie systemu angielskiego i nowoczesny złożony system ustawodawczy) oraz kilka znaczących momentów obecności i rozwoju Kościoła w Indiach. W drugiej części pragniemy zebrać współczesne wyzwania, jakie zrodziło to „spotkanie”, zarówno w społeczeństwie obywatelskim (dotyczące uznania obywatelskiego i niektórych implikacji legislacyjnych), jak i w Kościele (dotyczące adaptacji prawa kanonicznego, relacji między Kościoły sui iuris, równość w Kościele, inkulturacja oraz dialog międzyreligijny i ekumeniczny).
Podmioty zobligowane i uprawnione do wychowania dziecka na podstawie Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 roku
Authors: Czuba Roksana Patrycja
Published: November 2021

Artykuł obejmuje rozważania dotyczące podmiotów zobligowanych i uprawnionych do wychowania dziecka na podstawie obowiązującego Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 roku. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie czytelnikowi danej tematyki poprzez analizę norm kodeksowych oraz wskazanie, które z podmiotów odpowiadają za proces wychowawczy dziecka.

Na wstępie dokonano próby zdefiniowania pojęcia „dziecko”. Prawodawca kościelny poprzez „dziecko” rozumie małoletniego przed ukończeniem siódmego roku życia, które nie mają zdolności rozumnego działania. Inne definicje przedstawiane są w słowniku pedagogicznym, stojące w sprzeczności z nauką Kościoła. W prawie polskim legalna definicja przedstawiona jest w Ustawie o Rzeczniku Praw Dziecka, na jej podstawie dzieckiem jest to każda istota ludzka od poczęcia do osiągnięcia pełnoletniości. Kolejno określono termin „wychowanie”, wskazując świeckie definicje. Ostatnia część dotyczyć będzie głównej analizy norm kodeksowych odwołujących się do podmiotów odpowiadające za wychowanie dziecka. Wskazano tu rodziców jako podstawowa komórka społeczna, pełniący obowiązki rodziców przy pomocy władz państwowych, Kościół oraz szkołę.

Całość rozważań zostanie zakończone podsumowaniem, w którym zawarte zostaną wnioski de lege lata i de lege feranda na podstawie analizowanych dokumentów Magisterium Ecclesiae.
Diversity and Regulation of Astrocyte Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Klegeris Andis , Hashioka Sadayuki , McLarnon James G.
Published: November 2021

:

Astrocytes contribute to brain development and homeostasis and support diverse functions
of neurons. These cells also respond to the pathological processes in Alzheimer’s disease
(AD). There is still considerable debate concerning the overall contribution of astrocytes to AD
pathogenesis since both the protective and harmful effects of these cells on neuronal survival have
been documented. This review focuses exclusively on the neurotoxic potential of astrocytes while
acknowledging that these cells can contribute to neurodegeneration through other mechanisms, for
example, by lowered neurotrophic support. We identify reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, tumor
necrosis factor α (TNF-α), glutamate, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 as molecules
that can be directly toxic to neurons and are released by reactive astrocytes. There is also considerable
evidence suggesting their involvement in AD pathogenesis. We further discuss the signaling
molecules that trigger the neurotoxic response of astrocytes with a focus on human cells. We also
highlight microglia, the immune cells of the brain, as critical regulators of astrocyte neurotoxicity.
Nuclear imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) could be used to confirm the contribution
of astrocyte neurotoxicity to AD progression. The molecular mechanisms discussed in this
review could be targeted in the development of novel therapies for AD.
Physical Work and Exercise Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Population-based Longitudinal Study
Authors: He Fan , Lin Junfen , Li Fudong , Zhai Yujia , Zhang Tao , Gu Xue , Zhao Genming
Published: November 2021

Background:

The independent effect of physical work on the risk of cognitive impairment
in older Chinese older adults living in rural areas remains to be elucidated.

Objective:

We aimed to determine whether physical work and physical exercise can reduce the risk of
cognitive impairment.

Methods:

We collected data from 7,000 permanent residents without cognitive impairment (age ≥60
years) over a follow-up period of 2 years. We used the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination
(MMSE) to assess cognitive function. We performed multivariate Cox regression analyses
to calculate adjusted Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (%95 CIs) as measures of the
association between physical work/exercise and cognitive impairment while controlling for potential
confounders.

Results:

Over a median follow-up period of 1.93 years, 1,224 (17.5%) of 7,000 participants developed
cognitive impairment, with a total incidence of 97.69 per 1,000 person-years. After adjustment for
potential confounders, participating in physical work (HR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.43-0.60) or physical exercise
(HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.44-0.65) was associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment. Stratified
analyses suggested additive and multiplicative interactions between physical work and exercise.
Agricultural work (HR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.38-0.55), walking/tai chi (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.44-0.67), and
brisk walking/yangko (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.33-0.97) exerted significant protective effects against
cognitive impairment.

Conclusion:

Both physical work and exercise can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in older
adults. Reasonable types and appropriate intensities of physical activity are recommended to prevent or
delay the progression of cognitive impairment.