bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social danger, culpability and punishability as indicia of oath-breaking
Authors: Kravchuk Ostap
Published: February 2021

The institution of oath is studied, the indicia of oath-breaking are characterized. It is emphasized that a violation of the law (anoffense) is not only a subjective guilty behavior, but also an internal psychological attitude, namely the offender’s negative attitudetowards legal requirements and protected interests. Guilt stipulates for the subject’s awareness of the meaning of his actions and theirconsequences, not only as factual circumstances, but also in the sense of their socially dangerous illegal nature. If there is no guilt, theremay not be any legal liability, and in this case, it may be a casus. It is noted that it is extremely difficult to determine the guilt in theoffense of oath-breaking, and in some cases, it is even impossible, because it is often a subjective assessment. This is also due to thenature of the work performed by civil servants. It is emphasized that the indicium of punishability allows making a clear distinctionbetween different types of offenses, as each of them entails responsibility of a different degree in case of its commission. Since the institutionof oath is within the scope of those social relations that are fundamental in the civil service, given the content of the oath, it isobvious that the social danger of oath-breaking is quite significant and harmful to the state and to people. As can be seen, this actinfringes on the foundations and organization of public power, civil service, human and civil rights and freedoms, and can lead to seriousviolations of certain aspects of functioning of the state, society, and any person. It is concluded that there are the characteristics ofdisciplinary case in oath-breaking, namely public harm, which harms the object of the oath. However, it is not possible to state unequi -vocally what degree of gravity or harmfulness is inherent in this case, as there is no division of disciplinary cases in the legislationaccording to the degree of social danger. Although this division can be made on the basis of liability (gravity of punishment) for a particulardisciplinary offense (for example, for some offenses the employee may get an admonition, and for others, he may receive a reprimand,and in case of re-offending he may be dismissed, although there are those offences the commitment of which immediately providesan opportunity to dismiss the offender from office and government agency).
Procedure for consideration of cases in the Court of Appeal of Lviv (1919–1939s)
Authors: Olijnyk Yurij
Published: February 2021

The acquisition of the Polish independence state in November 1918 was a decisive condition for the establishment and developmentof the Polish judicial system and legal proceedings. It is noted that the functioning of the institution of the judiciary in Polanddirectly depended on legal traditions, social changes, the level of legal culture and the influence of the legislation of the countries thatat one time participated in the division of the Second Commonwealth of Poland. The restored Polish state from the very first days of its existence began the activities aimed at the formation of judicial authorities, for some time foreign sources of law (Austrian, German,and Russian) remained in force in its territory. During the interwar period in the Polish state a special mission was assigned to the courts,because they were the spokesman for social justice. The role of courts played an important role in their structure and leadership. Thestructure and management of the appellate and district courts in the judicial system of the Second Commonwealth of Poland and thecharacteristic features of the structure and leadership of the Court of Appeal of Lviv have been analyzed.The Court of Appeals in Lviv was responsible for administering in its judicial district, carrying out inspections in lower courts,and bringing to justice judges and court officials through disciplinary violations, organization and reorganization of the courts of firstand second instance. The Court of Appeals also dealt with the nomination and transfer of judges from one court to another, followedthe law by lower courts, regulated the territory of the judicial districts (the final decision was nevertheless at the highest court in Warsawand the Ministry of Justice), took reports on the number of cases considered by the lower courts authoritiesThe article analyzes the procedure for consideration of cases in the Court of Appeal of Lviv (1919-1939s). It is noted that thecase was considered by the Court of Appeal according to the rules established for consideration of the case by the court of first instance(county or district). The Court of Appeal in Lviv reviewed the case in full, or focused only on a separate part of it, but only within thelimits of the complaint filed by a party in the process. The appellate court considered the case on the merits and made a decision, changingthe decision of the lower court, or leaving it unchanged.
Crowdsourcing as an instrument of participatory democracy
Authors: Nikitenko Liliia
Published: February 2021

The article considers the issues of crowdsourcing as a tool of participatory democracy. Emphasis is placed on the recognition ofa separate type of democracy – participatory democracy, which is a promising area of research, whose supporters seek to build a modelof civic participation in the management process, adequate to the conditions of modern society. Crowdsourcing is a key tool of parti -cipatory democracy. The need to use crowdsourcing in public administration is recognized worldwide, which is associated with thedevelopment of modern information and communication technologies, social networks and various online dialogue platforms. InUkraine, the use of this tool is only gaining momentum.The history of the origin of the technology of using collective intelligence and the resources of the crowd and scientific developmentsabout it is studied. Crowdsourcing has a long history, but it is the digital space, in particular the Internet, that has made it availablefor use in many areas of public life. In the theory and practice of crowdsourcing there is already a division into types depending on the scope. As an instrument of participatory democracy, it acts as a political crowdsourcing. This species is not as developed as others, buthas examples of application. At the present stage in science there is no fixed definition of the term. Domestic scholars mostly analyzethe existing terminology proposed by foreign researchers and practitioners. Based on the analysis of existing definitions, experience inthe use of crowdsourcing technologies in the policy of foreign countries and Ukraine, the article identifies specific features and princip -les of crowdsourcing as a tool of participatory democracy, and provides an author’s definition of “political crowdsourcing”.Particular attention is paid to clarifying the negative and positive aspects of the use of political crowdsourcing, during which itwas found that the latter is more.The article concludes that the use of crowdsourcing as a tool of participatory democracy in Ukraine with the prospect of conso -lidation at the legislative level.
Entities of UJITS development: advantages and disadvantages of state and private enterprises involving
Authors: Georgiievskyi Iurii
Published: February 2021

The article provides results of a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of involving the state enterprise “InformationJudicial Systems” and private entities to the development and implementation of the Unified Judicial Information and TelecommunicationSystem in Ukraine. The “backlog” of the plan for the development and implementation of the UJITS is related to the lowefficiency of economic activity of the state enterprise “Information Judicial Systems”, which maintains an “administrative monopoly”on the establishment of the UJITS.Due to obtaining data about the activities of this state-owned enterprise, the author concludes that nowadays state enterprise“Information Judicial Systems” has an adequate financial, human and production potential for the development of the UJITS. At thesame time, the author sums up that due to a lack of competition the company’s specialists are not motivated in the fastest developmentof this information and telecommunication product, and the enterprise involves additional entities to fulfill the state order, which actuallyleads to unjustified and irrational spending of state budget. In this regard, it is shown as perspective the involvement of otherlicensed business entities (including private ones) on a competitive basis to the development of the Unified Judicial Information andTelecommunication System.Execution of the state order on a competitive basis will indicate the restriction of “administrative monopoly”, promote competitionand ultimately intensify the development and implementation of the UJITS in Ukraine. In order to prevent the risks of untimely,improper provision or non-provision of information services for the development of the UJITS, the author considers it appropriate toenvisage in the state contract (agreement) enhanced economic-law responsibility of the contractor and oblige to provide commensuratewith the cost of the state order insurance of the proper execution of their obligations.The legislator needs special attention in case of involvement to the UJITS developers on a competitive basis in managing therisks of leakage and dissemination of information about the peculiarities of the UJITS operation, prevention of unauthorized interfe -rence in the system, distortion of information contained in the UJITS after its establishment.
Perspectives of Further Reform of Judicial System
Authors: Kogut Natalya
Published: February 2021

The main directions of appropriate judicial system reform in Ukraine in order to make it effective and equitable are investigatedin the article. The most important direction of judicial system reform is creating an independent judicial system from the other branchesof power. To this end, the other branches of power and President of Ukraine should be entirely excluded from judiciary forming. Theauthor persists that judges should have a disciplinary liability for unjust decisions, which not match or contradict to material norms. Forthis goal, it is worth to create jury trial for judges from the level of appeal. This jury trial should consist of lawyers of the highest ca -tegory and scientists in the sphere of law and be chosen for every case separately by occasional computer programmer in quite signi -ficant amount (for example 12 persons).To the other main directions of judicial system reform, the author relates:1) Creating a reliable mechanism of judges’ prosecution for his unjust decisions and corruption offences;2) Creating a balanced interconnection between judicial and law enforcement branches of power;3) Creating more reliable lever arm for litigators’ rights guarantying;4) Judicial practice unification and creating a steady mechanism of legal gaps and collisions overcoming;5) Improvement of the system of enforcement of judgements;6) Publicity and society access to the legal proceedings.Every direction has it’s peculiarities.Amongst the main reforms in these spheres are the following. Attorney General should be assigned by the Parliament opposition,it will provide court decisions against influence from the side of Parliamentary majority because Attorney General has right to prosecuteagainst judges.It is also important in the criminal proceedings to enact independent investigative authorities from the structure of prosecutionand national police. To provide enforcement of judgements it’s worth to improve financial stimulation of the officers for their positivework and to anticipate ban for criminal outpost in any case of corruption crimes. Also in order to fight against corruption it is worth toallow using any kind of video or audio records including hidden ones when they can be proves in the crimes committed by the publicofficers.
Legislative support for the maintenance of alimentary obligations for child in Ukraine
Authors: Novak Anna
Published: February 2021

amily law establishes the obligation of parents to maintain their minor (and in some cases specified by law – adult) children,providing them with a proper financial situation. However, family law does not always have sufficient leverage to ensure that parentsfulfill this obligation, and therefore cannot guarantee that the child’s rights to adequate material support will not be violated. This problemis really relevant because a large number of alimony payers evade paying child support.The purpose of this study is to determine the features of the legislative provision of the obligation to maintain children and toestablish the completeness and level of specification of such provision in Ukraine.According to the family law of Ukraine, parents are obliged to support the child until he or she reaches the age of majority. Butnot everyone who is required to pay child support does so on time and in full. Some of these individuals are deliberately hiding andevading the child in any way possible.The concepts of “maintenance” and “alimony” are not identical, but are correlated as part and whole, because “maintenance” isa broader concept, and the concept of “alimony” is included in the concept of “maintenance”, but does not exhaust it. Therefore, incases where it is a question of legislative provision of timely and full recovery from the payer (debtor) of funds for the maintenance ofa child under duress, it is a question of alimony obligations, and this is clearly taken into account by the legislator.The current legislation to ensure the maintenance of child support obligations is quite specific and defines as fully as possible thecoercive measures that can be applied to the debtor, although it is not perfect. In order to improve domestic legislation, as well as todeprive alimony payers of the illusion of impunity for evading child support, we propose to make some clarifications to family law.This study does not address the problem of legislative enforcement of child support obligations in Ukraine and provides a basisfor further research in this area and the development of new recommendations that will increase the effectiveness of existing legislationin this area.
The problem of exercising the right to an old-age pension on preferential terms
Authors: Skipenko Regina
Published: February 2021

The article examines the issue of realization of the constitutional right of a person and a citizen to a pension on preferential terms.The nature and current state of legal regulation of old-age pension on preferential terms for work in harmful and dangerous conditionsare covered. It is proposed to improve the current legislation of Ukraine taking into account the relevant decision of the ConstitutionalCourt of Ukraine for a unified and fair mechanism for exercising the right to a pension on preferential terms. Based on the relevanceand practical significance of the problem, the purpose of this article is to examine the nature of old-age pensions on preferential terms,the current state of legal regulation and problems of the mechanism of retirement for citizens who worked in particularly difficult andharmful conditions, and also to offer the tool of perfection of the current pension legislation for the sake of fair and uniform law enforcementbefore the decision of a question of appointment of this type of pensions.For the purpose of unified and fair legal regulation and law enforcement regarding the retirement age on preferential termsaccording to the list № 1 it is proposed to change in Article 114 of the Law of Ukraine “On Compulsory State Pension Insurance” theretirement age on preferential terms according to the list № 1 for: men – after reaching 50 years of age and with a work experience ofat least 20 years, of which at least 10 years in these jobs; women – after reaching 45 years of age and with a work experience of at least15 years, of which at least 7 years and 6 months in these jobs.Subject to these changes, preferential pensions for workers on list № 1 will form a fairer and more defined system of protectionagainst poverty than the one that exists today. It will also reduce the number of citizens applying to court due to the unequal retirementage of the same type and nature.
Property status of the parties as a basis for reducing the amount of penalties
Authors: Mamedova Svitlana
Published: February 2021

The article analyses the current legislation, scientific standpoints and court practice on the property status of the parties as a basisfor reducing the amount of penalties, as well as distinguishes the features that characterize the property status of the parties and offersthe explanation of what kind of property status of the parties should be taking into account by the court when reducing fines.Based on the analysis of scientific standpoints, legislation, and materials of court practice, it is substantiated that in assessing theproperty status of the parties the most important ones are two points: heavy property status of the debtor and satisfactory property statusof the creditor at the time of the debtor’s delay in performance of the obligation. The latter is important in assessing the evidence of thecreditor’s damages and their amount because the failure to provide the evidence of the creditor’s damages or the absence of such damagesdue to the debtor’s delay in performance of the obligation is one of the grounds on which the courts satisfy the claim for reducingthe amount of penalties.The features characterizing the satisfactory property status of the creditor and the heavy property status of the debtor are determined,in particular, the satisfactory property status of the creditor is characterized by: a) the ability to fully provide stocks and costsat its own expense; b) the ability to fully and timely perform its obligations; c) stable liquidity; d) efficient use of enterprise resources;e) adequacy of own funds to avoid high risk; f) guaranteed prospects for profit. In its turn, the heavy property status of the debtor ischaracterized by the following features, namely: a) inefficient allocation of resources; b) inefficient use of resources; c) unsatisfactorypaying capacity of the enterprise; d) failure to provide stocks and costs with sources of their formation; e) the presence of overdue debtto the budget; f) insufficient financial stability; g) the enterprise is on the verge of bankruptcy;It is also proposed to consolidate at the legislative level the limits of permissible limits for reducing the amount of penalties inpercentage terms.
Special aspects of legal regulation of fixed-term employment contracts of some European countries
Authors: Savchuk Sergiy
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of foreign experience in legal regulation of fixed-term employment contracts. Fixed-termemployment contracts should be considered as one of the earliest and, accordingly, the oldest forms of non-standard employment. Tur -ning to the concept of the application of fixed-term employment contracts in Ukraine in the near future, it seems appropriate to consider the possibility of their further development through the prism of studying European experience. Indeed, in many European countriesthe fixed-term contracts are quite common and therefore analysis of both positive and negative examples of their legal regulation willbe useful for the future development of labour legislation in Ukraine.The article features an analysis of the relevant legislation of the United Kingdom, Estonia, Italy, Poland and France. It is concludedthat the membership of these states in the European Union has had a significant impact on the evolution of national labour le -gislation. This also applies to the United Kingdom, which had been part of this economic and political union for a long time.The transposition of EU legislation into national law by these countries predetermines the existence of common features betweenthem in the legal regulation of fixed-term employment contracts. This common features include: clear time limits of the employmentcontract, maximum allowable number of renewals enshrined in law, compliance with the principle of non-discrimination, etc.In turn, the implementation of fixed-term employment relationships in each country differs in its uniqueness, which is due to thedomestic tradition of their implementation. For example, in the United Kingdom, the dismissal of an employee due to the expiration ofthe employment contract is considered through the lens of fairness of the employer’s actions, while in Italy the number of fixed-termemployment contracts with a particular employer cannot exceed 30 %.The above circumstances should be taken into account by Ukraine when reforming labour legislation. Indeed, the need to implementCouncil Directive 1999/70/EC is clearly provided for in clauses 1139 and 1140 of the Action Plan for the implementation of theAssociation Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and theirmember states, on the other hand, approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1106, of 25.10.2017.
Philosophy of law in the process of reforming the legal system of Ukraine: theory and practice
Authors: Fursa Svitlana , Fursa Yevhen
Published: February 2021

The research aims at developing the concept of a new perception and content of philosophy of law which should be based on thephilosophies of the relevant fields of law and integrate the main directions of further evolution of the legal system into a single harmonizedmodel in order to protect rights and interests of the individual and the citizen. Theoretical basis comprises modern concepts of scholars inthe field of philosophy of law, whose typical and original ideas have been selected and analyzed. Also, the paper constructively and criticallyanalyzes their correspondence to contemporary problems of the legal system of Ukraine. The authors identify a new function of philosophyof law – defining the purpose and systematic direction of reforming the legal system of Ukraine, as well as the ways to achieve the goalthrough improving the activities of law enforcement and human rights bodies. Current tendencies in the development of the legal system ofUkraine are based on the solution of various tactical tasks, in particular, in the sphere of economy, health care, social security, the judicialsystem; however, the strategic goal of its reforming – the self-sufficient state of Ukraine – has not been set. This very goal should set prioritiesin the development of the legal system of Ukraine as a sovereign, independent, democratic, social, law-based state. At the same time, thepreamble to the Constitution of Ukraine stipulates the irreversibility of the European and Euro-Atlantic course of Ukraine, which will haveto delegate some of its powers to international organizations. The provisions regarding sovereignty and independence of the state will losepriority, which will lead to amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine. At the same time, the theory of a self-sufficient state has not beendeveloped in Ukraine. However, due to this theory the implementation of the defining principles of the state system, proclaimed in the Cons -titution of Ukraine and capable of ensuring a high standard of living of their citizens and their real independence should be guaranteed.
The social doctrine of the catholic church as a foundation for the emergence of the legal regulation in the area of social protection in Europe
Authors: Shumylo Mykhailo
Published: February 2021

The social doctrine of the Catholic Church is an indication of the active involvement of the Church in disseminating the ideas ofthe welfare state and it reflects its attempts to establish ideals of the welfare state through an external influence on the ideology of countriesthat belong to Christendom.Furthermore, one cannot ignore the fact that encyclicals had a direct or indirect influence on the adoption of the first social protectionacts in Catholic Europe where encyclicals played an important role.As a result, the Holy See aligned itself with the labour movement.Considering the fact that papal encyclicals covered the entire Catholic World, these documents can be viewed as an example ofinternational soft law.The first social rights, principles, and values in the area of social protection were enshrined in the encyclicals.Social rights belong to second-generation human rights the legal basis for which comprises international instruments adoptedafter the Second World War (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the Convention for the Protection of Human Rightsand Fundamental Freedoms (1950), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), the European SocialCharter (Revised) (1965–1996), the European Code of Social Security (1964), meaning 50 years after these rights were enshrined inpapal encyclicals.There is an indisputable fact that has still not been discussed in scientific research on social protection and according to whichthe social doctrine of the Catholic Church can be viewed as an inherent part of the process of occurrence, formation, and developmentof social protection, and it can be regarded as an ideological framework, a source of social rights and principles of social protection.Considering the above-mentioned findings, the social doctrine of the Catholic Church can be defined as the body of legislationadopted by the Holy See regarding the status and development of social and labour rights, their place in a person’s life and in publiclife. Papal encyclicals form the basis of that legislation and they are addressed to believers, bishops, and archbishops.
Experience of foreign countries in the context of improvement of the administrative and legal provision of information security in the customs of Ukraine
Authors: Salaev Turgut
Published: February 2021

In the article certain issues of international experience in ensuring information security are investigated through the use of comparativeanalysis. The main tendencies and priorities of the legal regulation of information security in the European Union, particularlyin Germany and Poland are defined. Also significant accents in the development of customs legislation of leading foreign countries are identified as well. These issues are primarily related to the development of automated systems of customs authorities and the prolife -ration of the use of information and telecommunication technologies in the implementation of state customs procedures. It is noted thatthese tendecies make it necessary to simultaneously ensure an adequate level of information security of the customs authorities of fo -reign countries. The author proposed some ways to improve the administrative and legal support of information security in the customsfield, taking into account international experience.It is noted that the customs are one of those areas of social and political life and legal regulation, which should be mostly correlatedwith international experience in the development of the corresponding sphere, with leading international legal tendencies in theorganization and implementation of customs, as well as ensuring information security in the mentioned field. Taking into account allthe mentioned below, we need to say that the experience of international legal support of information security in the customs sphereneeds to be comprehensively studied, it is necessary to systematize and formulate strategic directions for further improvement of thenational information security system, taking into account such progressive provisions.In the context of achieving this task, it is proposed, for example, to provide clear regulation of the key categories of informationsecurity in this field, also it is necessary to make legislative definition of a specialized entity, which will be entrusted with the task ofensuring information security in the customs. Besides, it is necessary: to strengthen the interaction of customs authorities with otherentities of ensuring information security in Ukraine, to guarantee the participation of the public and non-state actors in ensuring informationsecurity in the customs sphere, and further automation and development of information and telecommunication systems of customsauthorities, improving the technological and technical level of these systems and other activities.
Legal Framework of the Space Activity Cybersecurity in the USA: Experience for Ukraine
Authors: Malysheva Nataliia , Hurova Anna
Published: February 2021

The article depict the timeline of the development of the cybersecurity legislation in the USA, which divided into two stages. Thefirst one rises as a response to the large-scale terroristic threats in 2001 and lasted until 2014. The second one starts with the massiveand multisectoral cyber incidents and cyber-attacks the US faced in the last five years. In addition, it was analyzed the changes in institutionalstructure aimed to support the cybersecurity in the US and their branched connections with public and private actors. The mainattention was paid to the content of the Memorandum on Space Policy Directive-5 “Cybersecurity Principles for Space Systems”, whichcould be the example of the best law-making practice not only for space actors within the US, but also for law-making actors of allspace-faring nations.The chronology of the elaboration of cybersecurity legislation and the institutional structure of their support in Ukraine analyzedin the second part of this article. On this ground, we observed some weak aspects of national cyber legislation. First is duplication andinconsistency of the basic terms, like “cyberattack”, “critical infrastructure”. The second one is the absence of an approved list of cri -tical infrastructure facilities and clear requirements for conducting an independent information security audit. The third one is by-lawsare aimed primarily at protecting public information resources and do not take into account the requirements for cooperation betweenthe public and private sectors in the protection of critical infrastructure, regardless of its affiliation to any form of ownership.Analysis of the draft law concerned critical infrastructure permits to make a conclusion about coming to the second stage in thedevelopment of cyber legislation in Ukraine, which will enhance the development of particular legislation within to each sector of criticalinfrastructure. In this regard, it is necessary to elaborate legal background for cybersecurity of space activity. For this aim, we supposeas necessary to designate the State Space Agency of Ukraine as a responsible entity in the field of space activities for the specifiedsector of critical infrastructure. Furthermore, the article suggested prescribing plans to protect against cyber threats (cyber attacks orcyber incidents) as one of the necessary documents for obtaining a permit to conduct certain types of space activities.
Law Enforcement Cooperation of the Member States of the European Union
Authors: Mushak Natalia , Zaporozhets Anastasiia
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of law enforcement cooperation of the European Union Member States. The main bodiesresponsible for cooperation in the EU have been identified.It has been determined that the main instrument of police cooperation is the European Police Office, which is a central elementof the wider European internal security architecture. CEPOL has been proven to be the agency that develops, implements and coordinatestraining for law enforcement officers. The EU Analytical Intelligence Centre (EU INTCEN) is not, strictly speaking, a policecooperation body, as it is the Directorate for European External Action Service (EEAS) and deals only with strategic analysis. On theStanding Committee to ensure the development and strengthening of operational cooperation on internal security matters within theUnion (COSI), it promotes coordination among the competent authorities of the member states.
Pengelolaan limbah elektronika di DKI Jakarta menggunakan pendekatan Soft System Methodology
Authors: Rimantho Dino
Published: February 2021

Pada beberapa dekade terakhir, pertumbuhan produk listrik dan elektronika mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan, ditandai dengan peningkatan permintaan dan penjualan produknya secara global. Hal ini mempengaruhi masa pakai produk menjadi lebih pendek, yang tentunya berakhir lebih cepat menjadi limbah. Beberapa faktor penyebab kompleksnya permasalahan pengelolaan limbah elektronika adalah peranan dan fungsi para stakeholder seperti pemerintah, sektor informal dan industri manufaktur, serta dinas kebersihan. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis permasalahan pengelolaan limbah elektronik dan alternatif pemecahannya melalui model pengelolaan limbah dengan pendekatan Soft System Methodology (SSM). Data dan informasi sistem pengelolaan limbah elektronika diperoleh melalui studi literatur dan diskusi mendalam dengan beberapa pakar. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pengaplikasian metode SSM menghasilkan model konseptual yang mengilustrasikan aktivitas antar sub elemen guna memperbaiki pengelolaan limbah elektronika. Model ini dibangun untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan limbah dan mengurangi potensi dampak negatifnya. Relevansi peran dan sinergi para pelaku seperti pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, pelaku usaha (usaha limbah, termasuk pemulung) menentukan keberhasilan tujuan. Sebagai pemangku kepentingan utama, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan berperan dalam merancang kebijakan dan program. Hal ini dapat didukung oleh Kementerian Perindustrian, Dinas Kebersihan DKI Jakarta dan instansi terkait lainnya.
Kerentanan DAS Kali Bekasi ditinjau dari aspek sosial-ekonomi-kelembagaan
Authors: Prasetyo Kunandar , Prayoga Gatot , Azhar Andrian Rizaldy , Permadi Tri , Pratiwi Dewanti
Published: February 2021

Kelestarian sebuah DAS dipengaruhi oleh keadaan sosial-ekonomi, pola perilaku dan tingkat pengelolaan yang berkaitan erat dengan pengaturan kelembagaan. Permasalahan pengelolaan suatu DAS dapat diminimalkan dengan mengetahui kondisi sosial, ekonomi dan kelembagaan di wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi tingkat kerentanan sosial, ekonomi dan kelembagaan masyarakat, yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam pengelolaan DAS Kali Bekasi. Analisis kerentanan dilakukan pada tiga kriteria yaitu (1) kriteria sosial, meliputi parameter tekanan penduduk, budaya dan nilai tradisional (2) kriteria ekonomi, yaitu ketergantungan pada lahan dilihat dari sektor ekonomi dominan, serta (3) kriteria kelembagaan, yakni keberdayaan lembaga formal dan informal dalam kegiatan konservasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kerentanan DAS Kali Bekasi pada kriteria sosial (parameter kepadatan penduduk dan nilai tradisional) tergolong sangat tinggi, sedangkan untuk perilaku konservasi tergolong tidak rentan. Pada aspek ekonomi, mayoritas kecamatan pada DAS Kali Bekasi memiliki tingkat agak rentan, karena didominasi oleh sektor jasa sebagai sektor utama ekonomi. Aspek kelembagaan termasuk tidak rentan, karena kelembagaan formal dan informal berperan aktif dalam kegiatan konservasi DAS, seperti pengembangan wisata bambu dan program kampung iklim.
The chemistry of gut microbiome in health and diseases
Authors: Lau Agnes Wei Yin , Tan Loh Teng-Hern , Ab Mutalib Nurul-Syakima , Wong Sunny Hei , Letchumanan Vengadesh , Lee Learn-Han
Published: February 2021

There are trillions of microbes residing in our body, with their collective genomes much more than human genomes. They have been living in a close relationship with us and play a role in various biological functions. The human microbes begin to build up in utero, accumulate, and fluctuate until a set point is achieved around three years of age. The gut microbiome is altered by several factors, which include age, diet, and antibiotic use. After the exposure, the microbe may shift back to retain its balance, but some factors may leave a permanent footprint on the gut flora. This may be significant as our review has shown the relationships between microbes and diseases. When the homeostasis of gut-microbes is disrupted, multiple mechanisms have been shown to contribute to diseases' development. The balance between protective and pathogenic microbes must be kept in check to prevent disease onset. With a better understanding of this relationship, we will investigate the potential methods to modify the gut flora as the background of developing therapeutic options. There are already some therapeutic options such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal transplantation, but their clinical use is limited and restricted. Therefore, there is still a need to investigate the characteristic microbiome association with gut-dysbiosis-related diseases, which may help manage the disease and develop diagnostic and monitoring tools. This review aims to discuss our gut microbiome and its association with human health and diseases.
Research of the possibility of reducing corruption in Russia based on mathematical multi–factor models
Authors: Antipin I. В. , Volodina Y. I.
Published: February 2021

This article emphasizes the modern trends in the formation of corruption in state and municipal management in Russia. The main features of the introduction of new anti-corruption tools are given. The main approaches to implementing management decisions are presented. In modern conditions, the need to transition the economy to the digital reality of the XXI century becomes urgent, which will certainly contribute to the eradication of corruption at various levels. For the effective socio-economic progress, anti-corruption is the most important strategic task. Based on the analysis, forecast indicators of corruptionwere obtained, on the basis of which recommendations were identified that minimize the degree of corruption in our country.
METHODOLOGY OF A MULTIDIMENSIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NUMBER OF VANS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Kozicki Bartosz , Tomaszewski Jarosław , Mizura Grzegorz
Published: February 2021

W artykule zaprezentowano metodykę wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej danych dotyczącą liczby samochodów dostawczych w trzydziestu trzech państwach Europy w latach 2013-2017. Pierwszym etapem badań było pogrupowanie danych pierwotnych. Wyodrębniono dwie grupy - państwa i lata. Obie grupy zostały poddane analizie i ocenie z wykorzystaniem wielu statystycznych narzędzi badawczych, do których zaliczono wykresy ramka-wąsy, średnie arytmetyczne, odchylenia standardowe, odchylenia ćwiartkowe, histogramy i wykresy normalności. Oceną jest zaobserwowanie tendencji i cech niewidocznych z poziomu danych surowych.
Integrando saberes con los estudiantes en la comunidad Bajo de Afuera del cantón Montecristi
Authors: Velazquez Raquel Vera , Maldonado Zúñiga Kirenia , Castro Landin Alfredo Lesvel , Del Valle Holguín Wilfrido Javier
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo conocer las propiedades del suelo de la comunidad Bajo de Afuera del cantón Montecristi, además de comprender su población, sus cultivos, y los principales problemas que lo afectan, conocer las plagas que generalmente en la etapa de cosecha son los causantes de la pérdida del producto y por ende afecta a la economía de los agricultores. El método utilizado fue exploratorio documental a través del estudio e investigación bibliográfica, con la utilización de técnicas como encuestas y entrevistas, contando con la documentación de la parroquia y la experiencia de los pobladores de la comunidad. Con este estudio se fortalecen los conocimientos para lograr un cambio sistémico (de actitud) de las percepciones y criterios, a través de lograr el desarrollo de un proyecto integrador de saberes, que integre los diferentes campos del saber impartidos de una manera natural y según como acontece realmente en la producción de los sistemas agropecuarios con el objetivo de desarrollar, fortificar y motivar las capacidades cognoscitivas, psicomotrices y actitudinales en los estudiantes de la carrera Agropecuaria. El problema de fondo es el escaso entendimiento del ser humano sobre el suelo y sus propiedades por estas razones nos dimos a la tarea de investigar mediante los proyectos integradores de saberes las situaciones del suelo agrícola de las parroquias de la zona 4 provincia de Manabí, para ayudar a la comunidad manabita en la capacitación y estudio del suelo y que logren un mejor resultado en sus cosechas.
HUBUNGAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI DENGAN PERILAKU EMOTIONAL EATING PADA MAHASISWA POLTEKKES KEMENKES TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Aryanti Dewi
Published: February 2021

Kebugaran jasmani merupakan salah satu indikator dalam kesehatan dan sangat berkaitan dengan kondisi obesitas. Obesitas sangat berkaitan dengan  intake makanan yang berlebih  akibat pengaruh emosi . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara  tingkat kebugaran jasmani dengan  perilaku emotional eating.  Sampel penelitian sebanyak 68  mahasiswa obesitas  di Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya (17 laki-laki dan 51 perempuan) dilakukan pengukuran  kebugaran jasmani serta perilaku emotional eating.      Kebugaran jasmani diukur dengan metode Balke dan  perilaku emotional eating diukur dengan quisionair  self report Garaulet.  Hubungan  antar variabel diukur dengan uji Spearman Rho. Hasilnya,  sebanyak   100% responden  memiliki tingkat kebugaran jasmani yang sangat kurang dengan rerata VO2 Max 28,09  ml/Kg/menit dengan standar deviasi 3,89  ml/Kg/menit .  Selanjutnya, responden menunjukkan  perilaku emotional eating dengan proporsi emotional eating tinggi  8,8%; emotional eating 73,5%; emotional eating rendah  14,7%; dan tidak emotional eating  sebanyak  2,9%. Setelah dilakukan uji statistik Spearman Rho, variabel tingkat kebugaran jasmani tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan perilaku emotional eating (p value=0,745) dengan tingkat korelasi yang rendah (-0,040) dan bersifat negatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan  tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kebugaran jasmani dengan perilaku emotional eating dan ada kemungkinan berkorelasi dengan variabel antara yang lain, seperti konsep diri dan status obesitas.
Frequency of Vitamin D Deficiency with Non-Specific Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Female Patients
Authors: Latif Khattak Abdul , Tariq Abdul Moueed , Bukhari Syed Karamat Hussain Shah , Satti Shahzeb Ahmad , Din Raffi ud , Amin Muhammad Shahbaz
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine frequency of vitamin D deficiency in female patients presenting with non-specific musculoskeletal symptoms.Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Medical Outpatient Department (OPD), Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Quetta from 30th November 2018 to 30th May 2019.Materials and Methods: A total of 150 female patients with nonspecific musculoskeletal symptoms were included. Patients on vitamin D supplements, osteopenia, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, neuropathies, cancers, diabetes mellitus, iron and Vitamin B12 deficiency were excluded. Data including gender, age and presence of bone pain, muscle aches, bone tenderness and fracture was collected. SPSS v 17 was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was applied to test for associations,  p value less than 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The mean age was 37.20 + 13.30 years. Mean Vitamin D levels were 14.89 + 7.76 ng/ml with range from 3.10 to 35.67ng/ml. Participants with vitamin D3 < 10 ng/ml were 24% (n=36), < 20 ng/ml were 54% (n= 81), <30 ng/ml were 12 % (n=18) and only 10 % (n= 15) had optimal Vitamin D3 levels. Among the study population 82% (n=123) had bone pains, 88.6% (n=33) had muscle aches and weakness, 72.66% (n=109) had bone tenderness while only 4% (n=6) had fractures. There was a statistically significant association between symptoms and vitamin D3 deficiency with p value <0.001.Conclusion: This study showed that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in our female populationand it presents with nonspecific musculoskeletal symptoms.
Child-Turcotte-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Scores: Accuracy of Predictability for Mortality in Acute Variceal Hemorrhage
Authors: Virk Kazim Abbas , Virk Sana Tahir , Adil Inayt , Virk Shiza Tahir , Noor Haseeb , Zahra Tehzeeb
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine a score that best predicts the mortality of admitted patients within six weeks of Acute Variceal Hemorrhage (AVH).Study Design: Cross sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Inpatient Department of Gastroenterology Unit at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad for six months.Materials and Methods: The number of patients with AVH enrolled in this study were 223. A pretested questionnaire was used to gather the required information; Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores of each patient were recorded at the time of admission in the inpatient facility. The outcome was documented via a telephonic call at the end of six weeks. The primary outcome of the study was “mortality” at end of six weeks.Results: The total number of participants were 223, including 61% (n=136) males and 39% (n=87) females. The mean age was 52.4±13.96. The overall mean value of CTP score was 9.6±2.8 and mean value of MELD score was 19.3±6.7, while the mean values of CTP and MELD among non-survivors were 12.9±2.1 and 26.6±5.6, respectively. After six weeks, the number of deaths were 27% (n=60). The MELD had positive predictive value (PPV) of 83.3%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 96.8%, sensitivity: 91.7%, specificity: 93.3%, diagnostic accuracy: 92.82%, and positive likelihood ratio of 13.68. Similarly, CTP had PPV: 77.4%, NPV: 92.5%, sensitivity: 80%, specificity: 91.4%, diagnostic accuracy: 88.34% and positive likelihood ratio of 9.3. The area under the curve (AUC)for MELD was 0.91, while CTP was 0.90.Conclusion: The MELD score is better in its discriminative ability and more accurate in predicting six weeks mortality in patients with AVH than CTP score.
Tanórán kívüli tanulás
Authors: Imre Anna
Published: February 2021

A 2013/14. tanévtől a hazai általános iskolákban meghosszabbodott a tanítási napok hossza. A rendelet szerint az intézményeknek délután négy óráig kell különböző foglalkozásokat biztosítania a bent tartózkodó tanulók számára. Ez a változás a gyermekek számára lehetőség fejlődésük támogatására, ugyanakkor a pedagógusok számára megnövekedett feladatot jelent. A bemutatott vizsgálat arra keresi a választ, hogyan hatnak ezek a változások a tanítókra és a tanárokra, melyek azok a területek, amelyek újak, megterhelőbbek, s melyek azok, amelyek új megközelítést igényelnek vagy nehézséget jelentenek. A tanulmány megvizsgálja azt is, hogy a pedagógusképzés és továbbképzés számára milyen következtetések fogalmazhatók meg ezen a téren a folyamatos szakmai fejlődés elősegítésére.
Szükséges-e/lehetséges-e a pedagógusképzés újabb átalakítása?
Authors: Rapos Nóra , Kopp Erika
Published: February 2021

A címben feltett kérdésre nem lehet egyértelmű igennel, vagy nemmel válaszolni. Az utóbbi évtizedben történt két jelentős strukturális reform elgondolkodásra kell késztessen minden változást szorgalmazó szereplőt a tanárképzésen belül. Ugyanakkor ez a helyzet nem eredményezheti a problémák azonosításának elmaradását. Ezért az alábbi írásban arra törekszünk, hogy áttekintsük azokat a főbb szakmai szempontokat és az azokból következő fejlesztési javaslatokat, amelyek a tanárképzés hazai fejlesztése szempontjából megfontolásra érdemesek lehetnek.
Első lépések a pedagógussá válás rögös útján
Authors: Hámori Veronika
Published: February 2021

Jelen összegzés célja az, hogy a pályájukat az iskolákban munkavállalóként most kezdő fiatal pedagógusok felkészítését segítse azon a területen, amelyet sem a felsőoktatási intézmény keretein belül, sem a gyakorlóiskolában tanárjelöltként nem tanulhattak meg.
A tanári pályaválasztást népszerűsítő médiaeszközök Angliában
Authors: Tarnóc András
Published: February 2021

Jelen tanulmány a pedagógus pályarekrutáció Angliában alkalmazott elektronikus, főként internetes média termékeit vizsgálja kommunikációs szempontok alapján. A kutatás három fő kérdést vet fel: a célcsoport és cél meghatározását, a közvetített üzenetek vizsgálatát, illetve az alkalmazott nyelvi és metanyelvi eszközök elemzését. A tanulmány Veres-Szilágyi nyomán a kommunikációt, mint a kibocsátó (információforrás) és a befogadó (címzett) közötti gondolati közösséget létrehozó folyamatot értelmezi.