bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proceso del cuidado enfermero en una paciente lactante con desnutrición aguda grave y consecuencia infecciosa
Authors: Hernández-González Aleidys Odeth , Morelos García Edgar Noé , Hernández-Herrera Dolores Eunice , Rangel-Torres Ma. del Socorro
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Analizar a través de la metodología del proceso enfermero el caso clínico de una niña lactante menor con desnutrición aguda y una consecuencia infecciosa. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina de dos meses de edad, producto de gesta II, por parto eutócico y esquema de vacunación incompleto. En relación con el peso, la talla y la edad la puntuación z se encuentra por debajo del percentil 3. Su alimentación es inadecuada para su edad en relación con los patrones de consumo y contenido nutricional. Presenta hipertermia de 38,4 °C, diarrea al momento de la valoración y estreñimiento como dato histórico, además de cambios negativos en el patrón respiratorio en el momento de la succión y sus padres no atienden las necesidades básicas de acuerdo con su edad. Métodos: Estudio de caso único de enfoque cualitativo, utilizando el marco de valoración de Marjory Gordon y los lenguajes estandarizados NANDA-I, NOC, NIC. Resultados: Se priorizaron 5 diagnósticos enfermeros. Se planeó y ejecutó el plan de cuidados, aunque la evolución de la paciente fue desfavorable, y por la complejidad de su enfermedad, se trasladó a un hospital especializado en atención pediátrica. Conclusiones: La aplicación del plan de cuidados permite un cuidado holístico de las respuestas humanas alteradas identificadas en la paciente y en la familia, que de manera indirecta afectan el estado de salud del infante.
Relación de la Enfermería y la Filosofía en Tiempos de la Inteligencia Artificial
Authors: Yucra López Juana
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Indagar el uso de la filosofía en su práctica profesional por las enfermeras o enfermeros en las ciudades de La Paz, El Alto y Oruro en la gestión 2023. Métodos: La investigación cualitativa y descriptiva, la población de estudio fueron ocho profesionales de enfermería que tienen un promedio de 10 años de experiencia profesional que trabajan en el occidente de Bolivia. La técnica que se ha utilizado fue la entrevista, aplicándose una guía de entrevista de cinco preguntas. Resultados: La opinión sobre la filosofía es positiva, consideran que es muy importante y ayuda bastante al ejercicio profesional. No recuerdan a los filósofos de la antigüedad, sólo han recordado a Tales de Mileto, Sócrates, Platón y Aristóteles. Sobre los filósofos de la modernidad no recuerdan a Descartes, Lucke, Kant, Hegel, en cuanto a Marx lo relacionan con el comunismo, pero ignoran quienes fueron Sartre y Heidegger. En cuanto a la importancia y relación de la filosofía con la enfermería, en su mayoría de las entrevistadas consideran que van aplicando diariamente en su trabajo y tiene basta relación la filosofía y la enfermería. Ante la posibilidad de estudiar filosofía por parte de las enfermeras, piensan que sería muy importante y que puede ayudar a entender las diferentes teorías de enfermería. Conclusiones: A los criterios razonables expresados sobre la importancia de la filosofía y su relación con la enfermería, consideran que estudiar filosofía en un diplomado ayudaría a entender con mayor profundidad las teorías y modelos de enfermería.
Estrés percibido y crecimiento postraumático en la población de Moquegua, en el periodo post COVID-19
Authors: Alfaro Paco Eliana Rocio , Portugal Saraza Carlos Fernando , Quintanilla Mamani Mayra Alejandra
Published: February 2024

Determinar cómo se relacionan el estrés percibido y el crecimiento postraumático en la población de Moquegua, en el periodo post COVID-19, en el 2022. Material y métodos: Estudio de diseño cuantitativo, de tipo no experimental, de corte transversal. El tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, compuesto por una población de 303 personas. Se aplicaron dos encuestas: se utilizó una escala global en la encuesta de estrés adaptada al Perú EPGE-13 de Guzmán y Reyes y la segunda encuesta de crecimiento postraumático fue adaptada por Tedeschi y Calhoun para medir la relación que existe entre estas dos variables. Resultados: Se identificó un nivel alto de estrés en la población de Moquegua, representado por el 84,14 %, y el crecimiento postraumático tiene un promedio alto del 30,69 %. Conclusión: Se concluye que hay una relación significativa entre el estrés y el crecimiento postraumático en pacientes que padecieron COVID-19 (p < 0,05).
Intervenciones para prevenir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en adolescentes
Authors: Medina Llatas Ana Paola Yomar , Vitón Vásquez Sharon , Valderrama Rios Olga Giovanna , Salazar Rojas Judit , Riojas-Yance Zora de los Ángeles , Hiyo-Huapaya Eva Patricia
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica sobre las estrategias de intervención para prevenir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en adolescentes. Material y métodos: Revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre 2017 y 2022. Se revisaron artículos en las bases de datos Medline-PubMed, Scielo y Dialnet. Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 10 artículos. Se utilizó el diagrama de flujo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Resultados: Se encontraron 30 manuscritos en Scielo, 70 manuscritos en Pubmed y 5 en Dialnet, que sumaron un total de 105 registros, de los cuales se seleccionaron 70 manuscritos a través de un análisis de los títulos y resúmenes. Asimismo, de ellos apenas 12 registros son textos completos, de los cuales 10 manuscritos fueron incluidos para el estudio: 1 en Scielo y 9 en PubMed. Conclusiones: En los 10 artículos analizados se evidenciaron diversos enfoques de intervención en aspectos nutricionales y actividad física. Los estudios abordaron estrategias de prevención de sobrepeso y obesidad en los adolescentes, incorporando a la familia; además, presentaron cambios en la reducción del índice de masa corporal (IMC) en periodos más largos.
Estrés y desempeño laboral en el personal de enfermería de la Clínica San Judas Tadeo, Lima - 2023
Authors: Gamarra Causto Idalia , Arevalo Marcos Rodolfo Amado
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el estrés y el desempeño laboral en el personal de enfermería de la Clínica San Judas Tadeo, Lima - 2023. Materiales y métodos: El estudio se desarrolló a través del método hipotético deductivo, de tipo aplicado, de enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel correlacional, de diseño no experimental y de corte transversal; en una muestra de 80 participantes. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta; los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron dos, el cuestionario denominado Questionaries Nursing Stress Scale (N.S.S) y la escala de desempeño laboral, propuesta por el MINSA. Resultados: Los resultados encontrados evidencian que el 52,5% de los participantes presentaron regular nivel de estrés, el 31,3% estrés bajo y el 16,3% estrés alto. Asimismo, el 51.2% evidenciaron regular desempeño laboral, el 46,3% alto desempeño y el 2,5% deficiente desempeño laboral.  Por otra parte, se encontró relación en las dimensiones física, psicológica y social del estrés, con el desempeño laboral. Conclusiones: Se concluye determinado que existe relación entre el estrés y el desempeño laboral en los profesionales de enfermería, donde el valor de p fue igual a 0,000 < 0,05; y el resultado de la correlación de Spearman fue positiva moderada (Rho = 4,71).
Todistusvalinnan vertailua muihin valintatapoihin – yliopisto-opiskelijan opintomenestys ja siihen vaikuttavia tekijöitä
Authors: Kleemola Katri , Asikainen Henna , Hyytinen Heidi , Tuononen Tarja
Published: February 2024

Yliopistojen vuonna 2020 uudistuneet opiskelijavalinnat ja erityisesti todistusvalinta ovat olleet viime vuosina julkisen keskustelun ja kritiikin alaisena. Uudistuksen jälkeistä tutkimusta on kuitenkin vain vähän saatavilla. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastelemme opintomenestystä ja siihen vaikuttavia tekijöitä vertaillen todistusvalinnalla ja muilla valintatavoilla valittuja. Tarkastelun kohteenamme olivat opintomenestyksen lisäksi opiskelijoiden hakumotiivit, pystyvyysuskomukset, opiskelu-uupumus, kokemukset oppimisympäristöstä sekä lähestymistavat oppimiseen. Aineistossa oli 247 lukuvuonna 2020 opintonsa aloittanutta opiskelijaa. Analysoimme aineistoa käyttäen riippumattomien otosten t-testiä ja toistomittausten varianssianalyysiä. Tulokset osoittivat, että opintomenestyksessä todistusvalinnalla valitut eivät eronneet muista opiskelijoista. Todistusvalinnalla valitut kokivat kuitenkin muita vahvemmin hakumotiivinsa epäselväksi ja muita heikommin itsensä kehittämistä tavoittelevaksi. Lisäksi todistusvalinnalla valitut kokivat opintonsa vähemmän kiinnostaviksi. Uupumusriski todistusvalinnalla valituilla oli muita suurempi ensimmäisen opintovuoden lopussa, samoin kuin ei-reflektiivinen lähestymistapa oppimiseen. Tutkimus tukee julkisuudessa esitettyjä huolia todistusvalinnasta. Olisi tärkeää, että yliopistot tukisivat sekä korkeakoulutukseen siirtymää että kiinnostuksen ja motivaation kehittymistä ensimmäisen opintovuoden aikana sekä opiskelijoiden kiinnittymistä yliopistoyhteisöön.
CRISE E MUDANÇA: SIGNIFICADO PARA A GESTÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA
Authors: Colossi Nelson , Baade Joel Haroldo
Published: February 2024

Gestão Universitária é um tema oportuno e relevante de interesse dosdiversos segmentos da comunidade acadêmica. Envolve as áreas daAdministração e da Educação para analisar um tipo especial de organização: a universidade. O artigo assume que a universidade é, antes detudo, uma instituição social e merece ser analisada sob ambos aspectos:organizacional e institucional. A universidade está exposta a mudançasque ocorrem em seu macro ambiente e, naturalmente, tende a refletirem seu interior o ambiente externo. O foco central do artigo repousa,portanto, no fator mudança; mais especificamente, discute a relação entre crise e mudança com o objetivo de sugerir reflexões sobre quem vemprimeiro, perguntando se são as crises que determinam as mudançasou se são as mudanças que provocam as crises. Neste sentido, o artigoexplora o significado de ambos os conceitos: crise e mudança, destacando semelhanças e diferenças entre eles. A seguir, ressalta o potencialefetivo de resiliência da universidade, como sua característica de lidarcom a problemática crise-mudança e continuar cumprindo o seu papelna sociedade. Por último, o artigo promove a importância da gestãopara a universidade continuar a realizar sua missão num contexto demudanças e crises que caracterizam a sociedade atual.Palavras-chave: Gestão universitária. Universidade. Instituição social.Crise. mudança. Resiliência.Crisis and change: the meaning for university managementABSTRACTUniversity Management is an opportune and relevant theme of interest for the various segments of the academic community. It involvesthe areas of Administration and of Education to analyze a special typeof organization: the university. The article pressuposes that the university, above all, is a social institution and deserves to be analyzed fromboth aspects: organizational and institutional. The university is exposedto changes which occur in its macro environment and, naturally, tendsto reflect internally the external environment. The central focus ofthe article lies, therefore, on the factor of change, more specifically,it discusses the relationship between crisis and change, with the goalof suggesting reflections on which one comes first, thus asking do thecrises determine the changes or do the changes provoke the crises? Inthis sense, the article explores the meaning of both concepts: crisis andchange, highlighting similarities and differences between them. Next,it points out the effective potential of the resilience of the university,such as its characteristic of dealing with the crisis-change problem andcontinue carrying out its role in society. Lastly, the article promotes theimportance of management for the university to continue carrying outits mission in a context of changes and crises which characterize thecurrent society.Keywords: University management. University. Social institution. Crisis. Change. Resilience.
A density surface model describing the habitat of the Critically Endangered Rice’s whale Balaenoptera ricei in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Garrison LP , Soldevilla MS , Martinez A , Mullin KD
Published: February 2024

The newly recognized Rice’s whale Balaenoptera ricei is among the most endangered large whale species in the world and primarily occupies a region near the continental shelf break in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (GoMex). We analyzed visual line-transect survey data collected throughout the northern GoMex from 2003-2019 and developed spatially explicit density maps using a density surface modeling approach to examine relationships between Rice’s whale density and bathymetric and oceanographic features. We identified water depth, surface chl a concentration, bottom temperature, and bottom salinity as key parameters that define the Rice’s whale habitat. This is consistent with upwelling of cold, high-salinity water along the continental shelf break and seasonal input of high-productivity surface water originating from coastal sources. The dominant circulation patterns in the GoMex, including the presence of Loop Current eddies, lead to increased productivity and likely play a role in maintaining high densities of forage species needed to support Rice’s whales. Extrapolation of the model suggests additional regions in Mexican waters of GoMex that may be suitable for Rice’s whales. This study informs the designation of critical habitat as defined by the US Endangered Species Act and will assist in marine spatial planning activities to avoid additional anthropogenic impacts to Rice’s whales associated with the development of wind energy and aquaculture.
Kitap İncelemesi: Bookchin, Murrey, Geleceğin Devrimi: Halk Meclisleri ve Doğrudan Demokrasi
Authors: Atalay Gözde
Published: February 2024

The Next Revolution: Popular Assemblies and the Promise of Direct Democracy, orijinal ismiyle 2015 yılında yayınlanan bu eser Debbie Bookchin ve Blair Taylor tarafından yayına hazırlanarak okuyuculara sunulmuştur. Eserin önsözü Ursula K. Le Guin tarafından kaleme alınmış ve toplamda dokuz bölümden oluşmuştur. Bookchin, halk meclislerinin toplumu beşeri yönde dönüştürücü gücüne ekolojik beledî bir projeyle yaklaşmaktadır. Kapitalizmin yerelden küresele uzanan yıkıcı etkisinden kurtulma konusunda halk meclislerine birtakım görevler düşmektedir. Özellikle yerel çehrede komünalist bir projeyle kapitalizmin yıkıcı etkisinden kurtulmak mümkündür. Bu projenin yaygın bir etki yaratması adına akılcı, yerel demokrasi temasında liberter beledî bir ekosistem oluşturmak artık kaçınılmazdır. Bookchin'in tezahür ettiği proje, tahrip olan ekolojinin doğrudan demokrasiyle yeniden sorgulanmasını mümkün kılmaktadır.
TÜRK VE ALMAN HUKUKLARINDA KİRAYA VERENİN REKABET ETMEME YÜKÜMLÜLÜĞÜ
Authors: Güllü İmamoğlu Gözdenur
Published: February 2024

Çatılı işyeri kirası ve ürün kirası bakımından kiraya verenin asli edim yükümlülüğü, kiralananın sözleşmenin amacına uygun olarak kullanılmaya elverişli bir biçimde teslimi ve sözleşme süresince bu şekilde bulundurulmasıdır. Her ne kadar kanuni düzenlemeye sahip olmasa da, kiraya verenin bu yükümlülüğünü yerine getirirken rekabetten kaçınması gerektiği, hem Türk hem de Alman hukukunda kabul edilmektedir. Kiraya verenin birden fazla taşınmazı olması halinde kiraya verdiği taşınmaz dışındaki taşınmazlarda kiracıyla rekabet oluşturacak davranışlarda bulunmamalıdır. Kiraya veren diğer taşınmazlarını kiracıyla rekabet teşkil edecek davranışlarda bulunma ihtimali olan üçüncü kişilere de kiraya vermemelidir. Bu yükümlülüğün hukuki niteliğine ilişkin öğretide çeşitli görüşler bulunmakatadır. Kiraya verenin rekabet etmeme yükümlülüğü sözleşmenin doğasından kaynaklanabileceği gibi taraflarca da kararlaştırılabilir. Rekabet etmeme yükümlülüğünün kapsamı her somut olaya göre tarafların menfaati göz önünde bulundurularak belirlenmelidir. Ayrıca bu yükümlülüğün yer, zaman ve konu olarak sınırlandırılmış olması gerekir.
Tecnologias sustentáveis aplicadas na Engenharia Civil: um estudo de caso no município de Paranavaí-PR
Authors: Moreira Ivan Roberto , Rios Angélica Vinci do Nascimento Gimenes
Published: February 2024

As discussões ambientais têm ocupado cada vez mais espaço nas demandas urgentes no mundo, sendo a construção civil uma das maiores industrias geradoras de impacto ambiental. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar quais tecnologias sustentáveis podem ser utilizadas na Engenharia Civil, buscando viabilidade de uso a nível regional com foco no município de Paranavaí-PR. A metodologia adotada foi de uma pesquisa qualitativa que buscou, selecionou e analisou estudos científicos que abordam o tema tecnologias sustentáveis na Engenharia Civil, além da aplicação de um questionário em empresas construtoras do município. Por meio do questionário percebe-se um número reduzido de projetos contendo elementos sustentáveis. Dos 432 projetos elaborados em 2022 por essas empresas, apenas 74 desses continham um dos elementos estudados, sendo observado que apensas uma das empresas, das dez questionadas, possui certificação ambiental. Por meio do estudo foi possível levantar algumas tecnologias sustentáveis, tais como o uso de tijolo-cimento, placas fotovoltaicas, resíduos da construção civil, biovaletas, pavimentos permeáveis, telhado verde, reaproveitamento de água da chuva, entre outros, os quais pode-se concluir que de certa forma podem ser aplicados no município e região, desde que sejam avaliados o local de origem, transporte de materiais, necessidade de mão de obra qualificada, manutenção e aceitação do público alvo.
Use of patellofemoral digital twins for patellar tracking and treatment prediction: comparison of 3D models and contact detection algorithms
Authors: Michaud Florian , Luaces Alberto , Mouzo Francisco , Cuadrado Javier
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Poor patellar tracking can result in painful contact pressures, patella subluxation, or dislocation. The use of musculoskeletal models and simulations in orthopedic surgeries allows for objective predictions of post-treatment function, empowering clinicians to explore diverse treatment options for patients. Although a promising approach for managing knee surgeries, the high computational cost of the Finite Element Method hampers its clinical usability. In anticipation of minimal elastic deformations in the involved bodies, the exploration of the Multibody Dynamics approach emerged as a viable solution, providing a computationally efficient methodology to address clinical concerns related to the knee joint.

Methods: This work, with a focus on high-performance computing, achieved the simulation of the patellofemoral joint through rigid-body multibody dynamics formulations. A comparison was made between two collision detection algorithms employed in the simulation of contact between the patellar and femoral implants: a generic mesh-to-mesh collision detection algorithm, which identifies potential collisions between bodies by checking for proximity or overlap between their discretized mesh surface elements, and an analytical contact algorithm, which uses a mathematical model to provide closed-form solutions for specific contact problems, but cannot handle arbitrary geometries. In addition, different digital twins (3D model geometries) of the femoral implant were compared.

Results: Computational efficiency was considered, and histories of position, orientation, and contact force of the patella during the motion were compared with experimental measurements obtained from a sensorized 3D-printed test bench under pathological and treatment scenarios. The best results were achieved through a purely analytical contact detection algorithm, allowing for clinical usability and optimization of clinical outcomes.
In-silico techniques to inform and improve the personalized prescription of shoe insoles
Authors: Killen Bryce A. , Van Rossom Sam , Burg Fien , Vander Sloten Jos , Jonkers Ilse
Published: February 2024

Background: Corrective shoe insoles are prescribed for a range of foot deformities and are typically designed based on a subjective assessment limiting personalization and potentially leading to sub optimal treatment outcomes. The incorporation of in silico techniques in the design and customization of insoles may improve personalized correction and hence insole efficiency.

Methods: We developed an in silico workflow for insole design and customization using a combination of measured motion capture, inverse musculoskeletal modelling as well as forward simulation approaches to predict the kinematic response to specific insole designs. The developed workflow was tested on twenty-seven participants containing a combination of healthy participants (7) and patients with flatfoot deformity (20).

Results: Average error between measured and simulated kinematics were 4.7 ± 3.1, 4.5 ± 3.1, 2.3 ± 2.3, and 2.3 ± 2.7° for the chopart obliquity, chopart anterior-posterior axis, tarsometatarsal first ray, and tarsometatarsal fifth ray joints respectively.

Discussion: The developed workflow offers distinct advantages to previous modeling workflows such as speed of use, use of more accessible data, use of only open-source software, and is highly automated. It provides a solid basis for future work on improving predictive accuracy by adapting the currently implemented insole model and incorporating additional data such as plantar pressure.
Effects of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction on reproductive aging
Authors: Song Jiangbo , Xiao Li , Zhang Zhehao , Wang Yujin , Kouis Panayiotis , Rasmussen Lene Juel , Dai Fangyin
Published: February 2024

Mitochondria, the versatile organelles crucial for cellular and organismal viability, play a pivotal role in meeting the energy requirements of cells through the respiratory chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, concomitant with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A wealth of evidence derived from contemporary investigations on reproductive longevity strongly indicates that the aberrant elevation of ROS level constitutes a fundamental factor in hastening the aging process of reproductive systems which are responsible for transmission of DNA to future generations. Constant changes in redox status, with a pro-oxidant shift mainly through the mitochondrial generation of ROS, are linked to the modulation of physiological and pathological pathways in gametes and reproductive tissues. Furthermore, the quantity and quality of mitochondria essential to capacitation and fertilization are increasingly associated with reproductive aging. The article aims to provide current understanding of the contributions of ROS derived from mitochondrial respiration to the process of reproductive aging. Moreover, understanding the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on both female and male fertility is conducive to finding therapeutic strategies to slow, prevent or reverse the process of gamete aging, and thereby increase reproductive longevity.
Relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and updates on antibiofilm therapeutic strategies
Authors: Li Lifeng , Gao Xueyan , Li Mingchao , Liu Yuchun , Ma Jiayue , Wang Xiaolei , Yu Zhidan , Cheng Weyland , Zhang Wancun , Sun Huiqing , Song Xiaorui , Wang Zhaobao
Published: February 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium within the Enterobacteriaceae family that can cause multiple systemic infections, such as respiratory, blood, liver abscesses and urinary systems. Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat and K. pneumoniae warrants special attention due to its resistance to most modern day antibiotics. Biofilm formation is a critical obstruction that enhances the antibiotic resistance of K. pneumoniae. However, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation and its relation with antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae is limited. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation and its correlation with antibiotic resistance is crucial for providing insight for the design of new drugs to control and treat biofilm-related infections. In this review, we summarize recent advances in genes contributing to the biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae, new progress on the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance, and new therapeutic strategies targeting biofilms. Finally, we discuss future research directions that target biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of this priority pathogen.
Placebo-resistant gut bacteria: Akkermansia muciniphila spp. and Familial Mediterranean fever disease
Authors: Pepoyan Elya , Marotta Francesco , Manvelyan Anahit , Galstyan Artak , Stepanyan Lena , Grigoryan Hasmik , Grigoryan Liana , Mikayelyan Mikayel , Balayan Marine , Harutyunyan Natalya , Mirzabekyan Susanna , Tsaturyan Vardan , Torok Tamas , Pepoyan Astghik
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Despite numerous investigations into the impact of drugs/probiotics on the gut microbiota composition in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) patients, the question as to whether there exists a significant bacterial diversity(ies) independent of the placebo effect that can be reliably considered in clinical and nutritional trials remains unresolved.

Methods

This study represents the in augural analysis of the placebo’s influence on the gut microbiota of both healthy individuals and FMF afflicted men, utilizing previously collected data from PhyloChip™ DNA microarray experiments. A total of 15 healthy and 15 FMF male volunteers, aged 18 to 50, participated in this partially randomized placebo trial, which is accessible through the GEO Series accession number GSE111835.

Results and Discussion

Key findings from current investigations include i. the anticipated divergence in gut bacteria resistance to placebo between healthy and FMF individuals, ii. the minor impact of placebo on gut bacterial diversities in healthy individuals, with Enterobacteriaceae diversities identified as placebo-resistant among “healthy” gut bacteria, and iii. the comprehensive influence of placebo on all bacterial phyla in the gut microbiome of FMF patients, extending to nearly all bacterial genera, except for the resilience of gut Akkermansia muciniphila spp. to placebo in FMF patients. This study underscores the susceptibility of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, and Clostridium genera to placebo. Consequently, this investigation holds significance for the proper design of placebo-controlled trials and establishes a foundation for further exploration of the gut-brain axis. Furthermore, it contributes valuable insights to discussions regarding proposals for probiotic therapies, particularly focusing on Faecalibacterium spp., Blautia spp., and Clostridium spp.
Efficacy of physical exercise on the physical ability, cardiac function and cardiopulmonary fitness of patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Chenyan , Wu Qian , Lv Qianyu , Hou Xinzheng , Ye Xuejiao , Yang Yingtian , Li Lanlan , Zuo Wenxi , Wang Shihan
Published: February 2024

Objective

It is advised that patients engage in physical activity to enhance their quality of life and achieve better results. The purpose of the current study was to measure the efficacy of exercise on the physical ability, cardiac function and cardiopulmonary fitness of patients with AF.

Method

A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from 1991 to 2023 for RCTs comparing physical exercise combined with AF routine treatments to routine treatments alone. The meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Our main outcomes were physical ability (measured by the 6-min walk test, 6MWT), cardiac function (measured by left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF) and cardiopulmonary fitness (measured by peak oxygen uptake and resting heart rate). Quality assessments were conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.

Results

Thirteen trials involving 672 patients met the criteria for analysis. The results showed that physical exercise increased physical ability by improving the 6MWT (m) performance (MD = 96.99, 95% CI: 25.55–168.43; Z = 2.66; p = 0.008); and enhanced peak VO2 (ml/kg per min) (MD = 4.85, 95% CI: 1.55–8.14; Z = 2.89; p = 0.004) while reducing resting heart rate (beats per minute, bpm) (MD = −6.14, 95% CI: −11.30 to −0.98; Z = 2.33; p = 0.02). However, the results showed that regular exercise could improve LVEF (%) inpatients clinically, which had no statistic difference between experimental and control group (MD = 1.49, 95% CI: −0.25–3.24; Z = 1.68; p = 0.09).

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis shows that physical exercise is an effective intervention to improve the exercise ability and cardiopulmonary fitness for AF patients. Meanwhile, we also do not exclude the positive effect of exercise on the improvement of cardiac function (LVEF) in patients with AF. To this end, doctors should consider the positive impact of exercise on patients and give advice on exercise limits in practical clinical practice.
Ovaries of estrogen receptor 1-deficient mice show iron overload and signs of aging
Authors: Schröder Sarah K. , Krizanac Marinela , Kim Philipp , Kessel Jan C. , Weiskirchen Ralf
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Estrogens are crucial regulators of ovarian function, mediating their signaling through binding to estrogen receptors. The disruption of the estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1) provokes infertility associated with a hemorrhagic, cystic phenotype similar to that seen in diseased or aged ovaries. Our previous study indicated the possibility of altered iron metabolism in Esr1-deficient ovaries showing massive expression of lipocalin 2, a regulator of iron homeostasis.

Methods

Therefore, we examined the consequences of depleting Esr1 in mouse ovaries, focusing on iron metabolism. For that reason, we compared ovaries of adult Esr1-deficient animals and age-matched wild type littermates.

Results and discussion

We found increased iron accumulation in Esr1-deficient animals by using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR confirmed that iron overload alters iron transport, storage and regulation. In addition, trivalent iron deposits in form of hemosiderin were detected in Esr1-deficient ovarian stroma. The depletion of Esr1 was further associated with an aberrant immune cell landscape characterized by the appearance of macrophage-derived multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) and increased quantities of macrophages, particularly M2-like macrophages. Similar to reproductively aged animals, MNGCs in Esr1-deficient ovaries were characterized by iron accumulation and strong autofluorescence. Finally, deletion of Esr1 led to a significant increase in ovarian mast cells, involved in iron-mediated foam cell formation. Given that these findings are characteristics of ovarian aging, our data suggest that Esr1 deficiency triggers mechanisms similar to those associated with aging.
Discussion on the mechanism of Danggui Sini decoction in treating diabetic foot based on network pharmacology and molecular docking and verification of the curative effect by meta-analysis
Authors: Ni Xiyu , Bao Huhe , Guo Jiaxing , Li Deer , Wang Lihang , Zhang Wanyin , Sun Guanwen
Published: February 2024

Objective

The main active components and mechanism of Danggui Sini decoction (DSD) in treating diabetic foot (DF) were studied and verified by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Evidence-based medicine was used to prove its efficacy.

Methods

The TCMSP systematic pharmacology platform screened out DSD’s practical components and targets—screening disease targets in GeneCards database, using Cytoscape 3.7.2 to draw DSD–active ingredient–target network diagram, and drawing the protein interaction network diagram through STRING database. The Metascape platform was used to analyze the GO function enrichment and KEGG signal pathway. The molecular docking experiment was carried out by using Auto Dock vina 4.2. The related literature on DSD in treating DF in China Zhiwang, Wanfang, Weipu, and China Biomedical Literature Database was searched. The literature was screened, data was extracted, and quality was evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results

A total of 256 targets of all effective components of DSD were obtained. Among 1,272 disease targets, there are 113 common targets. The GO analysis received 6,179 entries, and the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found 251 related pathways. The molecular docking results of the main targets of diabetic foot and the active substances of DSD all showed a high docking activity. The meta-analysis included six literature, all of which were randomized controlled experiments. The quality grade of the literature was C, and the results showed that the total effective rate of clinical efficacy in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group.

Conclusions

DSD may treat DF by participating in biological processes such as cell proliferation regulation, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress reaction, and promotion of angiogenesis. DSD treats DF through AKT1, TP53, IL6, TNF, VEGFA, and other targets. DSD plays a role in treating DF mainly through the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. The molecular docking results of AKT1, TP53, IL-6, TNF, and VEGFA with the active substances of DSD show that they all have a high docking activity; among them, VEGFA has a higher docking activity. Compared with conventional treatment, DSD has a high effective rate, short wound healing time, large wound healing area, and high ABI index.
Investigation on the propagation characteristics of pressure wave during managed pressure drilling
Authors: Hou Yanan , Li Zhong , Yin Zhiming , Fan Baitao , Ma Yingwen , Yang Xiangqian , Tian Deqiang , Cai Wenjun , Ren Meipeng , Zhang Xingquan
Published: February 2024

The small difference between formation pressure and fracture pressure in offshore oil and gas reservoirs poses a huge challenge to drilling. Managed pressure drilling (MPD) technology, as a drilling technique that can accurately control bottomhole pressure, is an effective technique to solve this challenge. In MPD technology, the pressure wave propagation behavior and mechanism in the wellbore induced by wellhead backpressure are crucial for parameter design and efficient application. In this paper, pressure wave propagation characteristics and mechanism in gas-liquid flow were investigated with a new proposed pressure wave velocity model that considers inter-phase mass transfer effect. This new model and its solution algorithm were verified with experimental data in literature. The influence of gas invasion stage, drilling fluid type, drilling fluid density and backpressure on pressure wave propagation characteristics were investigated. Results show that the time for pressure wave induced by wellhead backpressure in the wellbore cannot be ignored in the design of the backpressure value during MPD. This propagation time increases with occurrence of gas invasion. Moreover, the propagation time in water-based drilling fluid is longer than that in oil-based drilling fluid, which is because the interphase mass transfer between invaded gas and oil-based drilling fluid. The influence mechanism of high drilling fluid density and wellhead backpressure on pressure wave propagation characteristics is due to the suppression of gas invasion process. These findings could be used as guides in parameters design and optimization in MPD.
Healthcare-associated fungal infections and emerging pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shah Krish , Deshpande Mukund , Shah P.
Published: February 2024

Historically, fungi were mainly identified as plant and insect pathogens since they grow at 28°C. At the same time, bacteria are known to be the most common human pathogens as they are compatible with the host body temperature of 37°C. Because of immunocompromised hosts, cancer therapy, and malnutrition, fungi are rapidly gaining attention as human pathogens. Over 150 million people have severe fungal infections, which lead to approximately more than one million deaths per year. Moreover, diseases like cancer involving long-term therapy and prophylactic use of antifungal drugs in high-risk patients have increased the emergence of drug-resistant fungi, including highly virulent strains such as Candida auris. This clinical spectrum of fungal diseases ranges from superficial mucocutaneous lesions to more severe and life-threatening infections. This review article summarizes the effect of hospital environments, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, on fungal infections and emerging pathogens. The review also provides insights into the various antifungal drugs and their existing challenges, thereby driving the need to search for novel antifungal agents.
Extracellular vesicles released by microglia and macrophages carry endocannabinoids which foster oligodendrocyte differentiation
Authors: Lombardi Marta , Scaroni Federica , Gabrielli Martina , Raffaele Stefano , Bonfanti Elisabetta , Filipello Fabia , Giussani Paola , Picciolini Silvia , de Rosbo Nicole Kerlero , Uccelli Antonio , Golia Maria Teresa , D’Arrigo Giulia , Rubino Tiziana , Hooshmand Kourosh , Legido-Quigley Cristina , Fenoglio Chiara , Gualerzi Alice , Fumagalli Marta , Verderio Claudia
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Microglia and macrophages can influence the evolution of myelin lesions through the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs). While microglial EVs promote in vitro differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), whether EVs derived from macrophages aid or limit OPC maturation is unknown.

Methods

Immunofluorescence analysis for the myelin protein MBP was employed to evaluate the impact of EVs from primary rat macrophages on cultured OPC differentiation. Raman spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to define the promyelinating lipid components of myelin EVs obtained in vitro and isolated from human plasma.

Results and discussion

Here we show that macrophage-derived EVs do not promote OPC differentiation, and those released from macrophages polarized towards an inflammatory state inhibit OPC maturation. However, their lipid cargo promotes OPC maturation in a similar manner to microglial EVs. We identify the promyelinating endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in EVs released by both macrophages and microglia in vitro and circulating in human plasma. Analysis of OPC differentiation in the presence of the endocannabinoid receptor antagonists SR141716A and AM630 reveals a key role of vesicular endocannabinoids in OPC maturation. From this study, EV-associated endocannabinoids emerge as important mediators in microglia/macrophage-oligodendrocyte crosstalk, which may be exploited to enhance myelin repair.
Protective role of complement factor H against the development of preeclampsia
Authors: Yasmin Hadida , Agostinis Chiara , Toffoli Miriam , Roy Tamali , Pegoraro Silvia , Balduit Andrea , Zito Gabriella , Di Simone Nicoletta , Ricci Giuseppe , Madan Taruna , Kishore Uday , Bulla Roberta
Published: February 2024

Pregnancy is an immunologically regulated, complex process. A tightly controlled complement system plays a crucial role in the successful establishment of pregnancy and parturition. Complement inhibitors at the feto-maternal interface are likely to prevent inappropriate complement activation to protect the fetus. In the present study, we aimed to understand the role of Factor H (FH), a negative regulator of complement activation, in normal pregnancy and in a model of pathological pregnancy, i.e. preeclampsia (PE). The distribution and expression of FH was investigated in placental tissues, various placental cells, and in the sera of healthy (CTRL) or PE pregnant women via immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, ELISA, and Western blot. Our results showed a differential expression of FH among the placental cell types, decidual stromal cells (DSCs), decidual endothelial cells (DECs), and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). Interestingly, FH was found to be considerably less expressed in the placental tissues of PE patients compared to normal placental tissue both at mRNA and protein levels. Similar results were obtained by measuring circulating FH levels in the sera of third trimester CTRL and PE mothers. Syncytiotrophoblast microvesicles, isolated from the placental tissues of PE and CTRL women, downregulated FH expression by DECs. The present study appears to suggest that FH is ubiquitously present in the normal placenta and plays a homeostatic role during pregnancy.
New perspectives for piezoelectric material-based cochlear implants: getting to nano
Authors: Danti Serena , Berrettini Stefano
Published: February 2024

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs when the sound transduction mechanism in the inner ear is compromised, because of impairments affecting the sensory hair cells—the actual biological transducers (90% of cases)—or the neurons. SNHL results in a broad spectrum of developmental, cognitive and psycho-social damages. To date, only cochlear implants (CIs) can offer a therapeutic solution to patients. They are multi-component electronic devices, surgically implanted, which capture, elaborate and convert the sound into electric stimuli delivered to the cochlea. Due to inherent limitations of the current electronic-based CIs, a new class of devices has been envisioned, which is based on piezoelectric materials. However, using piezoelectric membranes, the obtained sensitivity was not enough. The new frontiers for piezoelectric material-based CI aim at synergizing micro/nanofabrication aided by multiscale materials modeling with an in vivo tissue engineering approach to provide an implantable biomaterial-based system for SNHL, acting as a next-generation CI. Specifically, the envisioned device will move forward the primitive concept of bulk-structured piezoelectric CIs by designing a nanostructured material (e.g., based on nanofibers) to be precisely delivered and be intimately and efficiently integrated with the cochlear microenvironment. Piezoelectric material-based CIs are indeed hypothesized to have a much higher resolution of electrical stimulation with more than hundreds of channels, compared to maximum 22 stimulating elements present in electronic-based CIs. Moreover, the stimulation site will be closest to peripheral nerve fiber endings for maximal resolution. This would be the first sensory implant with a feedback mechanism on a micrometer scale.
Identification of marker genes for spinal cord injury
Authors: Luan Zhiwei , Zhang Jiayu , Wang Yansong
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a profoundly disabling and devastating neurological condition, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. It imposes unbearable psychological and economic pressure on both patients and their families, as well as placing a heavy burden on society.

Methods

In this study, we integrated datasets GSE5296 and GSE47681 as training groups, analyzed gene variances between sham group and SCI group mice, and conducted Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis based on the differentially expressed genes. Subsequently, we performed Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) and Lasso regression analyses.

Results

We identified four characteristic disease genes: Icam1, Ch25h, Plaur and Tm4sf1. We examined the relationship between SCI and immune cells, and validated the expression of the identified disease-related genes in SCI rats using PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments.

Discussion

In conclusion, we have identified and verified four genes related to SCI: Icam1, Ch25h, Plaur and Tm4sf1, which could offer insights for SCI treatment.
Microbiomes of Thalassia testudinum throughout the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico are influenced by site and region while maintaining a core microbiome
Authors: Ugarelli Kelly , Campbell Justin E. , Rhoades O. Kennedy , Munson Calvin J. , Altieri Andrew H. , Douglass James G. , Heck Kenneth L. , Paul Valerie J. , Barry Savanna C. , Christ Lindsey , Fourqurean James W. , Frazer Thomas K. , Linhardt Samantha T. , Martin Charles W. , McDonald Ashley M. , Main Vivienne A. , Manuel Sarah A. , Marco-Méndez Candela , Reynolds Laura K. , Rodriguez Alex , Rodriguez Bravo Lucia M. , Sawall Yvonne , Smith Khalil , Wied William L. , Choi Chang Jae , Stingl Ulrich
Published: February 2024

Plant microbiomes are known to serve several important functions for their host, and it is therefore important to understand their composition as well as the factors that may influence these microbial communities. The microbiome ofThalassia testudinumhas only recently been explored, and studies to-date have primarily focused on characterizing the microbiome of plants in a single region. Here, we present the first characterization of the composition of the microbial communities ofT. testudinumacross a wide geographical range spanning three distinct regions with varying physicochemical conditions. We collected samples of leaves, roots, sediment, and water from six sites throughout the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico. We then analyzed these samples using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found that site and region can influence the microbial communities ofT. testudinum, while maintaining a plant-associated core microbiome. A comprehensive comparison of available microbial community data fromT. testudinumstudies determined a core microbiome composed of 14 ASVs that consisted mostly of the family Rhodobacteraceae. The most abundant genera in the microbial communities included organisms with possible plant-beneficial functions, like plant-growth promoting taxa, disease suppressing taxa, and nitrogen fixers.
Efficacy of Lamium album as a natural fungicide: impact on seed germination, ergosterol, and mycotoxins in Fusarium culmorum-infected wheat seedlings
Authors: Uwineza Pascaline Aimee , Urbaniak Monika , Stępień Łukasz , Gramza-Michałowska Anna , Waśkiewicz Agnieszka
Published: February 2024

Fusarium culmorum is a major wheat pathogen, and its secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) cause damage to plants, animals, and human health. In the era of sustainable agriculture, eco-friendly methods of prevention and control are constantly needed. The use of plant extracts as biocontrol agents has gained popularity as they are a source of active substances that play a crucial role in fighting against phytopathogens. This study evaluated the impact of Lamium album on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. In a pot experiment, the effect of L. album on wheat seedlings artificially inoculated with F. culmorum was evaluated by measuring seedling growth parameters, and by using chromatographic methods, ergosterol and mycotoxins levels were analyzed. The results showed that the phytotoxic effect of L. album flower extracts on wheat seed germination and seedling growth was concentration dependent. The radicle length was also reduced compared to the control; however, L. album did not significantly affect the dry weight of the radicle. A slight phytotoxic effect on seed germination was observed, but antifungal effects on artificially infected wheat seedlings were also confirmed with the reduction of ergosterol level and mycotoxins accumulation in the roots and leaves after 21 days of inoculation. F. culmorum DNA was identified in the control samples only. Overall, this study is a successful in planta study showing L. album flower extract protection of wheat against the pathogen responsible for Fusarium crown and root rot. Further research is essential to study the effects of L. album extracts on key regulatory genes for mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways.