bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urine Bacteriology in Post-Kidney Transplant Patients with Double-J Stents
Authors: Abu S , Igbokwe MC , Olatise OO , Okafor M , Asaolu SO , Adetunbi AR
Published: December 2021

Background: Kidney transplantation is the gold standard treatment modality for patients with end-stage renal disease. Ureteric stenting is commonly used during kidney transplantation to reduce the incidence of ureteric complications post-transplantation. The presence of ureteric stents could be complicated by bacterial colonisation and urinary tract infections.

Objective: To identify the urinary flora in patients with double-J stents following kidney transplantation and establish bacteria colonisation and their antimicrobial susceptibility.

Methods: Over one-year, single urine samples of consecutive 100 post-renal transplant patients were subjected to bacteriologic analysis. Early morning midstream urine was obtained into a sterile bottle from all the participants for laboratory analysis.

Results: The mean age of post kidney transplantation patients was 47.6 ±12.3 years. Hypertension and diabetes were the commonest co-morbidities associated with End-Stage-Renal-Disease (ESRD), accounting for 61% and 28%, respectively. E. coli was the commonest isolate (70.4%). Microbiological evidence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) revealed by pyuria (pus cells >4/HPF) was found in 40.9%. Tigecycline, nitrofurantoin and tetracycline showed the highest sensitivity pattern in 9%, 8% and 8%, respectively, with significant resistance against cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.

Conclusion: The fourth week of double-J ureteric stent insertion in kidney transplant recipients showed a high incidence of urinary bacterial colonisation.
Evaluation of the Functions and Radiographic Severity of Osteonecrosis of the Head of Femur in South-west Nigeria
Authors: Thanni LO , Gbadegesin SA
Published: December 2021

Background: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is likely to be a complex of diseases rather than a single entity. In sub-Saharan Africa, epidemiological studies on the subject are uncommon.

Objectives: To determine hip function, radiographic severity and other characteristics of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) at presentation in a sub-Saharan Africa population

Methods: A combined prospective clinical survey and retrospective chart review of patients was done.

Results: Fifty hips in 44 patients were studied (29 retrospectively and 15 prospectively). The prevalence of ONFH was 1.6%. The mean age was 24.8±13.2 years. The lesion was unilateral in 86.4% and bilateral in 13.6% of the hips. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) occurred in 43.2%, sickle cell trait in 13.6%, and 20.5% of cases were idiopathic. Overall, 12% of affected hips were presented early, and all the hips were painful at presentation. Of the 18 hips studied prospectively, 72.2% had necrosis >30% and >30% subchondral collapse in 61.1%. The mean combined necrotic angle was moderate size, 197o±29.7o and 177.2o±69.4o for the right and left hips, respectively (p = 0.8). The mean WOMAC scores were 37.2 ±17.4 for function, 10.2±4.3 for pain and 4.2±2.7 for stiffness.

Conclusion: Patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head tended to be young adults and those with SCD. The majority present with large-sized osteonecrosis and subchondral collapse but moderate hip pain and stiffness.
Predictors of Healthcare-Seeking Behaviour, Health Services Access and Utilization in Ajebo Community, South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed AK , Imhonopi GB , Fasiku MM , Ahmed A , Osinubi MO , Soyannwo T
Published: December 2021

Background: Health is a fundamental requirement for living a socially and economically productive life. Poor health inflicts great hardships on households, including debilitation, substantial monetary expenditures, loss of productivity and sometimes, death.

Objectives: To describe healthcare-seeking behaviour, access to health services and utilisation, and their predictors in a southwestern Nigerian community.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Ajebo community, Obafemi/Owode Local Government Area in Ogun State. A total of 420 respondents were studied using an interviewer-administered questionnaire to collect quantitative data. 

Results: More than half (54.0%) of the respondents had access to public health facilities, 41.7% had access to private health facilities, while patent medicine stores were accessed by 4.3% of the respondents. Out of the 249 (59.3%) who were ill in the preceding three months, 92.4% of them sought healthcare. More males utilized government-owned health services s than females (χ² = 3.878, p = 0.049). More than half (56.4%) travelled >10 minutes to access healthcare services. Lack of formal education was not a hindrance to seeking healthcare (OR = 31.392, p = 0.003, CI = 3.323-2.347). Income earning <30,000 Naira was the strongest predictor of healthcare utilization (OR = 3.304, p =0.001, 95% CI = 2.007-5.441). Education with OR = 31.392 (p = 0.003, 95% CI = 3.323-96.570) was the strongest predictor of healthcare-seeking behaviour.

Conclusion: Healthcare-seeking behaviour was not limited by lack of formal education. The utilisation of public health facilities was high among the respondents. State of employment and income were strong predictors of healthcare utilisation in Ajebo community.
Knowledge, Attitude and Uptake of Pap Smear among Female Healthcare Professionals in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Olarinoye AO , Shiru MM , Ubom AE , Olabinjo AO , Abdul IF , Ijarotimi OA , Nyeche S , Oriji PC , Amadi L , Ikimalo JI
Published: December 2021

Background: Despite the high prevalence of cervical cancer (CC) in Nigeria, the uptake of screening services, including Pap smear, remains poor, even amongst healthcare providers.

Objective: To assess Pap smear knowledge, attitude, and uptake among female healthcare professionals (FHPs).

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Kwara State, Nigeria, using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results: A majority (343, 98.6%) of the FHPs knew Pap smear. Five (26.3%) medical laboratory scientists did not know what a Pap smear was. All the nurses, doctors, pharmacists, physiotherapists and medical social workers knew Pap smear. Only a fifth (71; 20.4%) of the FHPs had ever done a Pap smear. The most common reason cited for not having done a Pap smear was lack of time (109; 31.3%). There was a relationship between age and uptake of Pap smear (p = 0.024). Only 188 (54%) of the FHPs had ever recommended Pap smear to other women.

Conclusion: Despite the high level of knowledge of Pap smear amongst FHPs in Nigeria, attitude and uptake remain poor. There is a need for further training and education of FHPs on the benefits of CC screening to increase their uptake and improve their effectiveness in promoting positive attitudes towards CC screening and prevention in the general population.
Mauriac Syndrome in a Nigerian child with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
Authors: Oyenusi EE , Ezeani IU
Published: December 2021

A 14-year-old boy with Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (diagnosed at eight years of age) presented with complaints of fever, weight loss, growth failure, pubertal delay, abdominal swelling and discomfort. He was on Premixed insulin (70/30) with inadequate follow-up and poor diabetic control. Examination revealed cachexia, generalised lymphadenopathy, a protuberant abdomen and hepatosplenomegaly. Anthropometry showed a bodyweight of 19.6kg, a height of 116cm and a BMI of 14.1kg/m2, all markedly below the 3rd centile. He had no secondary sexual characteristics: axillary hair stage 1, pubic hair stage 1, penile length of 4.9cm and prepubertal testicular volumes of 3mls bilaterally. At presentation, his random blood glucose was 400mg/dl, and glycosylated haemoglobin was 11.6%. Screening for tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis and lymphoproliferative disorders were negative. Other blood investigation findings included leucocytosis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 30mm/hr, normal liver function tests, normal serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. His haemoglobin genotype was AS. Chest radiograph showed features of bronchopneumonia. A presumptive diagnosis of Mauriac Syndrome was made. With the optimisation of glycaemic control, he improved clinically with a weight gain of 5.7kg over four months and resolution of hepatosplenomegaly.
Cerebrovascular Accident Complicating Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Nigerian Adolescent: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Akinola IJ , Akinyosoye G , Adedokun SA
Published: December 2021

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a rare neurological complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the paediatric population. The risk of developing CVA in DKA patients is often increased due to abnormalities in coagulation factors, platelet activation, blood volume and flow, and vascular reactivity. Cerebral oedema, the most common neurological complication of DKA, may also predispose to CVA. We report the case of a -12-year-old adolescent with DKA complicated by CVA. She developed features of right hemispheric CVA while on admission and had radiological confirmation of an ischaemic CVA. This report highlights that cerebrovascular accidents in DKA can easily be missed or confused with cerebral oedema.
ORTA ÇAĞ’DA BİR KALE ŞEHİR: RAHBE VE TARİHİ
Authors: KÜTÜK Ahmet
Published: December 2021

Erken İslam döneminde bir istihkâm şehri olarak kurulmuş olup günümüze sadece harabeleri intikal etmiş bulunan çok sayıda yerleşim vardır. Bunlar arasında bugün Suriye sınırları içinde bulunan Rahbe, Orta Çağ kaynaklarında adı sıkça telaffuz edilen önemli kale şehirlerden biridir. Rahbe, Fırat kenarına yerleşen stratejik konumu ve özellikle çift duvarla örülmüş korunaklı kalesiyle 9. asırda Müslümanlar eliyle kurulduğu ilk dönemlerden itibaren Irak’tan batıya yapılacak seferler için önemli bir istinat noktası teşkil ettiğinden birçok hükümdar tarafından kıskançlıkla istenen bir şehir olmuştur. 12. yüzyıldan itibaren Haçlıların; 13. yüzyıldan sonra da Moğolların bölgeye gelmeleriyle bir kale-şehir sıfatıyla daha fazla önem kazanan Rahbe, bu yüzyıllarda yaşanan iktidar mücadeleleri neticesinde çok sayıda yerel yönetici arasında sıklıkla el değiştirmiştir. Osmanlı hâkimiyeti sonrası eski önemini yitiren şehir, günümüzde sadece kaleye ait harabeleri kalmış bir yerleşimdir. Bu makalede muhtelif Orta Çağ kaynakları ışığında Rahbe şehrinin kuruluşu, tarihi coğrafyası, siyasi, coğrafi, iktisadi, içtimai ve mimari durumuyla ilgili bilgiler verilmeye çalışılacaktır.
SELÂNİK YAHUDİLERİNİN FETİHTEN SONRA İSTANBUL’DA İSKÂNI
Authors: PALA Ayhan
Published: December 2021

Selânik Yahudilerinin İstanbul’da iskânı, şehrin imparatorluk merkezi olarak geliştirilmesi siyasetinin uygulamasıdır. İstanbul, fetihten sonra süratli imar faaliyetine sahne oldu. Şehrin imarına paralel olarak Anadolu ve Rumeli’nden çeşitli topluluklar buraya iskân edildiler. Bir taraftan sürgün siyaseti, diğer taraftan teşviklerle gönüllü olarak gelenlerin yerleşmesi ile şehrin demografik çehresi değişti. Bu çerçevede Selânik Yahudileri de sürgün kararı ile şehre iskân edildiler. Fetih öncesi İstanbul’da Romanyot, Karaî, Aşkenaz ve İtalyan Yahudi cemaatleri bulunuyordu. Bizans döneminde Anadolu ve Balkanlarda yaşayan ve kendilerine Romanyot denen Yunanca konuşan Yahudiler İstanbul’un fethinden sonra buraya yerleşmeye zorlanmışlardır. Bu çerçevede Selânik Yahudi Cemaatinin de İstanbul’a göç ettirildiği bilinmektedir. İstanbul’un fethinden sonra uygulanan bu mecburî iskân siyaseti neticesinde Selânik şehrinde hiç Yahudi nüfus kalmamış, XV. yüzyıl sonunda İspanya Yahudilerinin şehre gelmesi ile bu durum değişerek Sefarad Yahudileri şehrin en kalabalık dinî topluluğu haline gelmiştir. Bu makalede, Osmanlı arşiv vesikaları ve araştırmaların ışığında, Selânik’ten İstanbul’da mecburî iskâna tâbi tutulan Yahudilerin şehrin hayatındaki tesirleri ele alınacaktır.
OSMANLI’DA KADIN İŞLETMECİLER: 18. YÜZYILDA İSTANBUL’UN KADIN HAMAMCILARI
Authors: COŞKUN ALBAYRAK Gökçen
Published: December 2021

Osmanlı sosyal ve iktisadi tarihinin en önemli kaynaklarından biri mahkeme kayıtlarıdır. Osmanlı mahkeme kayıtlarına dayanan araştırmalar Osmanlı kadınının modern dönemden önce de iktisadi hayata aktif bir şekilde katıldığını, servet sahibi olabildiğini ve evlendikten sonra da servetinin tasarruf hakkını koruyabildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma tereke olarak bilinen Osmanlı miras kayıtları üzerinden 18. yüzyıl Osmanlı iktisadi hayatına hamam işletmecisi olarak dahil olan kadınları daha yakından tanımayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada 18. yüzyıl İstanbul’unda hamamcılık yapmış sekiz kadının terekeleri incelenmektedir. İstanbul Kısmet-i Askeriye Mahkemesi’nde kayıt altına alınmış bu miras dökümlerinin işletmecilik yapan Osmanlı kadınları hakkında bize ne gibi ipuçları verebileceği tartışılmaktır. Hamam işletmecisi kadınların bıraktıkları mirasın büyüklüğü ve sahip oldukları tüketim eşyalarının/varlıklarının değeri, girdikleri parasal ilişkiler bu kadınların gelir düzeyleri ve yaşam standartları hakkında neler söyler, yaptıkları profesyonel iş terekelerine yansımış mıdır sorularına cevap aranmaktır. Çalışmanın temel amacı tereke kayıtlarının meslek grupları hakkında kaynaklık edip edemeyeceği tartışmasını gündeme getirmektir.
TUZ, AŞİRET, DEVLET: SİİRT’TE TEKELİN OLUŞUMU, 1861-1881
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Uğur
Published: December 2021

Bu makale Siirt sancağında Osmanlı tuz tekelini incelemektedir. Tekelin kuruluşu ve evrimine odaklanarak tekeli sancaktaki değişen sosyoekonomik dinamiklerin merkezinde ele almaktadır. Bu hâliyle, neredeyse tamamen Osmanlı Düyun-ı Umumiye İdaresi’nin kurulmasını takip eden dönemin çalışıldığı literatüre yeni bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır. Tekelin tesisi öncesinde Kürt mirleri ve aşiretlerce işletilen Siirt’teki tuzlalar devir sırasında Osmanlı maliyesine ciddi bir darbe vurmuştur. Bu çalışma, özellikle Osmanlı tekelinin sancaktaki tuzlaları kontrol altına almak için başvurduğu yöntemlere odaklanarak tekelin gelişmesi için yürürlüğe giren hukuki gelişmeleri de göstermektedir. Aynı zamanda Osmanlı tekel memurlarının Kürt mirler ve aşiret ağalarıyla çok yönlü ilişkileri incelemektedir. Bu çalışmada bir yandan devlet ve aşiret ağalarının işbirliği yaptığı yerel çözümler öne çıkarılırken bir yandan da tüketimin vergilendirilebilir kılınmasının iktisadi sonuçlarına odaklanılmaktadır. Tuz fiyatlarındaki artışla doğrudan bir bağı olan tuz kaçakçılığının karşısında bu çalışma bölgedeki artan devlet şiddetini göstermektedir. Bu makale, güvenlik ve kârlılık kaygılarıyla hareket eden Siirt’teki tuz tekelinin sancakta modern anlamda şiddet ve yoksulluk mefhumlarının görünür kıldığını iddia etmektedir.
DOĞU AKDENİZ’DE SALGIN HASTALIKLARLA MÜCADELE: KLAZOMEN (URLA) TAHAFFUZHANESİ
Authors: ADAK Ufuk
Published: December 2021

Doğu Akdeniz’in önemli liman kentlerinden biri olan İzmir, 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti’nin başlıca ticaret merkezlerinden biriydi. Bu yüzyılda özellikle vapur ve trenlerin kullanımının yaygınlaşması ile birlikte artan insan hareketliliği, İzmir’i Akdeniz karantina ağında oldukça stratejik bir konuma getirmiştir. Bu makale, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında inşa edilen Klazomen (Urla) Tahaffuzhanesi’nin kolera ve veba gibi bulaşıcı hastalıkların önlenmesinde oynadığı rolü uluslararası karantina uygulamaları ve kamu sağlığı veçhelerinden ele almaktadır. Klazomen Tahaffuzhanesi, özellikle salgın hastalık dönemlerinde ve insan hareketliliğin yoğun olduğu Hac zamanında Doğu Akdeniz’in başlıca sterilizasyon ve sağlık merkezlerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Özellikle etüv gibi yeni sağlık teknolojileri İstanbul’daki Kavak Tahaffuzhanesi’nden sonra ilk kez bu tahaffuzhanede kullanıma girmiştir. Bakteriyoloji, hijyen ve kamu sağlığı, 19. yüzyıl devletlerinin ortak gündemidir. Osmanlı yönetimi, bulaşıcı hastalıkların yayılmasını önlemek için bir seri nizamname yayımlayarak, tahaffuzhaneler ile kamu sağlığının korunmasını sağlamış ve salgın hastalıkların özellikle devletin merkezi olan İstanbul’a sirayet etmesini önlemeye çalışmıştır. İmparatorluğun aldığı bu sıhhi tedbirler ile tebaanın talepleri bazı durumlarda örtüşmemektedir
GEÇ DÖNEM OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU’NDA HAYVAN HIRSIZLIĞI: KASTAMONU VİLAYETİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DÖLEK SEVER Deniz
Published: December 2021

On dokuzuncu yüzyıl sonlarında Anadolu’da artan hayvan hırsızlığı vakalarının en sık görüldüğü vilayetlerden biri Kastamonu’ydu. Hayvan emeğine dayalı tarımsal faaliyetin temel geçim kaynağı olduğu bu mütevazi vilayetin sakinleri açısından hayvan hırsızlığı, sıradan adi bir suç olmanın ötesindeydi. 1890’lardan 1907’ye kadar yoğun şekilde devam eden hayvan hırsızlığı, bölge halkını ziraat yapamaz ve hayvancılıktan elde ettiği temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayamaz hale getirdi. Bu koşullar altında daha fazla yaşamak istemeyen köylülerden bir kısmı başka bölgelere göç etmeyi düşünmeye başladı. Hayvan hırsızlığının hangi nedenlerden dolayı vilayetin belli bölgelerinde ve özellikle 1890-1907 tarihleri arasında yaygın bir suç haline geldiği ve niçin uzun yıllar boyunca engellenemediği, bu çalışmanın cevaplandırmaya çalıştığı temel araştırma sorularıdır. Bu soruları yanıtlamak için yapılan analiz, araştırmanın üç temel bulgusunu destekleyen verileri içermektedir. Hayvanların Osmanlı toplumundaki belirleyici rolünden yola çıkan bu makale, öncelikle geç dönem Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda, hayvanların tarihsel bir aktör olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği iddiasını taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, öte yandan, hayvan hırsızlığı suçunu analiz ederken demografik, sosyoekonomik ve çevresel faktörleri içeren çok katmanlı nedenselliği ortaya koymanın önemine işaret etmektedir. Son olarak, bu suçun engellenmesi için uygulamaya konulan genel hukukî tedbirlerin yerel ölçekteki karşılığının saptanmasıyla, Osmanlı modernleşmesinin hukukî boyutunun farklı bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesini önermektedir. Araştırma, Osmanlı Arşivi belgelerine, Kastamonu isimli vilayet gazetesine, vilayet salnamelerine ve 1890’lardan itibaren yayınlanmış olan çeşitli rapor ve kitaplara dayanmaktadır.
18. YÜZYIL TEKİRDAĞ’INDA SİROZÎ MUSTAFA AĞA’NIN DAMADI VELİ VE KIZI HATİCE ÖRNEĞİNDE STATÜ-SERVET EDİNİMİNDE AİLE BAĞLARININ ROLÜ
Authors: FİDAN Fadimana
Published: December 2021

Tekirdağ, Trakya bölgesinin hububatını İstanbul’a ulaştıran limanıyla dikkat çeken bir şehir. Hububatın İstanbul’a sevk edilmesi işinde çoğu zaman bostanî hasekilerden mübaşir olarak yararlanılmıştır. 18. yüzyılda da bostanî hasekilerden yararlanılmakla beraber bu dönemdeki en önemli fark hasekilerin daha çok servet sahibi ailelerden çıkıyor olmasıdır. Onlardan biri olan Sirozî Mustafa Ağa, 18. yüzyılda İstanbul’un iaşe ihtiyacının karşılanmasında önemli görevleri yerine getirmiş bir a’yândır. Ticarethaneleri, çiftlikleri ve vakıflarıyla devletin ve ahalinin tanıdığı biridir. Sadece Tekirdağ’da değil aynı zamanda İstanbul’da da tanınmaktadır. Zira kendisi Mustafa Paşa’nın torunu ile evlidir. Bu akrabalık ve zenginlik ona zahire mübaşirliği, Edirne Bostancıbaşılığı gibi görevlerin verilmesini sağlamıştır. Ancak serveti ve statüsünü emanet edeceği bir oğlu olmadığından damatları kendisine verilen görevleri devam ettirmiştir. Kızlarından birini Tekirdağlı başka bir a’yânın tek oğluyla, diğerini yine a’yân olarak belirtilen bir haseki ile diğer kızı Hatice’yi ise Habib Ağa oğlu Veli ile evlendirmiştir. Sirozî, damatlar içinden Veli’nin önündeki hem isim hem kariyer hem de servet açısından en iyi örnektir. Nitekim Veli, Hatice ile evliliği neticesinde Tekirdağ’ın zenginlerinin arasına girebilmiş, zaman içinde kayınpederinin görevlerine getirilmiştir. Çalışma Mustafa Ağa’nın servetinin bir kısmını tasarrufunda bulunduran damadı Veli ve kızı Hatice üzerinde yoğunlaşmakta, karı-kocanın devraldıkları servetleri, yaşam standartları anlatılmakta ve bu servet etrafındaki ilişkiler ağına değinilmektedir. Makale, 18. yüzyılın statü-servet ilişkisinde ailelerin rolüne mikro ölçekte katkı sağlamayı hedeflemekte olup hem Tekirdağ’ın aile tarihine katkı sunulacak hem de Osmanlı toplumunda ilişkiler ağına bir örnek oluşturacaktır
LAZKİYE LİMANI’NDA İNGİLİZ KONSOLOSLARI VE TÜCCARLARI 1700-1772
Authors: TÜRKHAN M. Sait
Published: December 2021

Doğu Akdeniz limanları içinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Lazkiye limanı Osmanlı döneminde de ticari bakımdan aktif olmuştur. 17. yüzyıldan itibaren Lazkiye çevresinde tütün ekiminin yaygınlaşması, 18. yüzyılda ise İran ipeğine alternatif olarak bölgede ipek üretiminin yaygınlaşması Lazkiye’nin ticari önemini arttırmıştır. Bu durum karşısında İngiliz tüccarların bölgeye ve limana daha fazla ilgi göstermeye başladıkları görülür. Daha önceleri aracılar vasıtasıyla bölgeden emtia temin eden İngilizlerin, 1737’de Lazkiye’ye bir konsolos vekilliği açmaları artan bu ticari ilginin göstergesidir. Bu makalede Osmanlı ve İngiliz arşiv kaynakları çerçevesinde 18. yüzyılda Lazkiye limanında İngiliz konsolos vekilliğinin kuruluşu, İngiliz tüccarların ticari faaliyetleri ve kredi ilişkileri incelenmiştir.
MAİŞET VE MEVACİB: EGE ADALARINDAKİ OSMANLI KALELERİNDE GEÇİM MÜCADELESİ
Authors: NALEZEN Orçun
Published: December 2021

Makalede Ege Adalarındaki Osmanlı kalelerinde XVI. yüzyıl sonu ile XVII. yüzyıl başlarında görev yapan askerlerin verdikleri geçim mücadelesine odaklanılmaktadır. Kalede görev yapmayı tercih eden bir reaya başka her türlü mesleki ve gelir getirici sivil uğraştan kopmuş oluyordu. Dolayısıyla görev yaptıkları bölgenin sahip olduğu iş gücü ve insan kaynağının parçası olup kalede görev yapan bu bireyler, müdafaası kalenin varlığına terk edilmiş olan sahada yaşayan doğrudan vergi mükellefi olan reayanın arasından çekilmiş oluyorlardı. Kalelerde görev yapan askerlerin karşı karşıya kaldığı ekonomik sıkıntılar bu bağlamda ele alınmaktadır. Askerlerin yaşadıkları mali sorunların iki temel sebebi vardı. Bunlardan ilki asker maaşları ile enflasyon arasındaki kopuş, ikincisi ise gedik usulsüzlüklerinin yol açtığı gelir adaletsizliğiydi. Ayrıca kalede görevli askerleri etkisi altına alan ekonomik sıkıntıların sebepleri ile yaşanmakta olan sorunlara karşı karar alıcılar tarafından geliştirilen çözüm arasındaki ilişki gözler önüne serilmektedir. Çözüm için atılan adımlar üzerinden sorunların kökenine yönelik bakış açısı ele alınmaktadır. Ege Adaları’ndaki Osmanlı kaleleri, Akdeniz sathında takip edilen kapsamlı stratejik hedeflere hizmet veriyordu. Dolayısıyla askerlerin yaşadığı maddi sorunların çözümü yalnız insani değil, askerî ve statejik önem arz ediyordu.
A new tool for energy security and secure energy communication
Authors: KURT Erol , ARPACI Batuhan
Published: December 2021

A recently proposed secure communication technique in Refs. [1,2,3] is initially applied to the energy sector. For this, especially the energy sector images which have a secret character for the companies and sectoral institutions have been ciphered and deciphered successfully. The applied tests have proven that the proposed method is fast and secure. The technique, itself, consists of a Kurt-modified Chua’s circuit (KMCC) for the generation of chaotic number sequences. The KMCC is a non-autonomous nonlinear circuit having hyper-chaotic character, thereby two positive Lyapunov exponents can easily make a strong ciphering action. The method is efficient for the images used in energy plants and networks. The algorithm created for the encryption/decryption uses a scrambling feature implemented at the bit level.
Research on Green Transformation of Campus Sponge and Energy Saving Facilities on Sloping Land
Authors: Tan Qiliang , Guo Yuhang
Published: December 2021

Based on the renovation of sponge and energy-saving facilities in a middle school in Nanning, this paper systematically studies the overall elevation of the campus, the composition of the drainage system and the layout of space functions, and formulates a characteristic scheme for the renovation of sponge and energy-saving facilities according to the characteristics of the sloping campus. In order to control the total amount of rainwater runoff, the sponge transformation mainly adopts the transformation methods of partition catchment, upper storage and lower use, multi-stage detection and classification treatment. For the purpose of solar energy and wind energy utilization, solar photovoltaic panels and small-scale wind power generation system are adopted. The application effects of sponge and energy-saving facilities are estimated and evaluated.
Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies for Reducing Peak Demand
Authors: Moncef Krati , Aldubyan Mohammad
Published: December 2021

This paper describes an optimization-based approach to evaluate measures providing peak electricity demand reduction cost benefits for Saudi residential buildings. These measures can be categorized as energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) measures. Specifically, this paper models the existing Saudi building stock using 56 housing prototypes based on types, vintages and locations.
Effect of processing and preservation on L-ascorbic acid content in commercially cultivated jute leaves
Authors: Aleya Nasreen  , Zakaria Ahmed  , Mahabub Ali  , Taslima Rahman  , Tahmina
Published: December 2021

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid is essential nutrients that cannot produce in human body and meet up through diet. Jute leaves contain L-ascorbic acid. The amount of L-ascorbic is unknown in different varieties developed by Bangladesh Jute Research Institute. L-ascorbic acid content is affected by cooking or processing and preservation. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to investigate the content of vitamin C in the fresh jute leaves as well as the effect of cooking and preservation methods on L-ascorbic acid content in jute leaves. Fresh jute leaves of different varieties contain different amount of L-ascorbic acid 0.39g/10g to 0.64g/10g in Corchorus olitorius and 0.64g/10g to 0.92g/10g in Corchorus capsularis. C. capsularis contain more amount of L-ascorbic acid than the C. olitorius. Jute leaves of C. olitorius retain 95% L-ascorbic acid and C. capsularis retain 62% L-ascorbic acid after 15 min of boiling. Vinegar soaking leaves release more L- ascorbic acid by 5 min than the fresh leaves and then the L-ascorbic acid content was reduced by 15 min in both the species. Spraying vinegar treatment releases more L-ascorbic acid and increasing up-to 30 min treatment. Both oven dried and cold dried leaves retain small amount of L-ascorbic acid. L-ascorbic acid content was reduced in preserved jute leaf tea and soup powder also in both species. Usually, leafy vegetables are cooked before consumption and sometimes preserved vegetables are consumed when fresh vegetables may not available. So, this study may be useful to know the actual intake of L-ascorbic acid from the processed or preserved jute leaves.
The growth and production of field rice (Oryza sativa l.) Inpari 9 and Mentik Wangi variety on peat land and peat buried
Authors: Hapsoh  , Wawan  , Arnis En Yulia  , Isna Rahma Dini  , Fhingky Olivia Tiara Sakti
Published: December 2021

Rice plant is paddy producing plant needed by most of Indonesians as staple food. Sei Geringging Village in Kampar District, Kampar Kiri Sub-District had technically irrigated field on peat land and peat buried. Farmers on Sei Geringging Village farmed 2 kinds of rice which were prime variety and local variety. Most of prime variety farmed was Inpari 9 and the local variety was Mentik Wangi. Farmers on Sei Geringging Village had been farming the rice without knowing which variety had been best to farm on peat land and on peat buried that the yield had not been optimal. This research aimed to know the comparison of maximum growth and production rate of Inpari 9 and Mentik Wangi variety rice on peat land and peat buried. This research was done by a survey with descriptive method .Treatment combination was repeatedly done 4 times resulting 16 unit trial squares. Each square had 5 sample plants. Best growth was on peat land that planted with the Inpari 9 variety and on peat buried was planted with Mentik Wangi variety resulting yield of 4,20 ton.ha-1
Relation between fresh biomass of plant species (Senecio L.) and elevation in Shan County
Authors: Bing-Hua Liao
Published: December 2021

A key plant species (Senecio L.) not only is a vital multilevel functional medicinal material of indications of respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, enteritis, dysentery, but also it is a widely distributed wide plant species. This plant species is widely distributed elevation from 500m to 1500m in six landscapes and vegetation ecosystems in Shan County of China. However, understanding dynamics of dry biomass of this species is difficult along elevation. This research explained that the relation between fresh biomass of the species and elevation is a significant positive connection from 500m to 1000m (P<0.01) as well as the links between fresh biomass of this species and elevation is a significant negative connection from 1000m to 1500m (P<0.01). This study provides six ecosystem types and a series of areas ecological adaptation for finding new medicinal species. Therefore, this study has vital theoretical and practical significance for medicinal plant protection along different elevation and environmental gradient over the spatial-temporal-environmental-disturbance scales (STEDS) in the multilevel green space diversity.
Identification and classification of barriers and benefits of requirements traceability in project development
Authors: Sávio Rocha Aleixo  , Carina Campese  , Janaina Mascarenhas
Published: December 2021

Requirements are conditions that a product, service, or process must present and requirements management facilitates this realization. For this, the requirements traceability technique is used for the development of projects and systems and all management of the requirements life cycle. However, the literature recognizes the proven benefits of adherence to the technique, but the plurality of problems inhibits its adherence. Thus, this article aims to identify and classify the barriers and benefits of requirements traceability. For this purpose, it was elaborated a systematic literature review, and for the results´ analysis and codification, the MAXQDA software was used. A total of 15 barriers and 15 benefits were identified. It is possible to verify that both in the case of benefits and barriers, there is a cause and effect relationship between them. In other words, barriers such as “Low flexibility and integration of tools” lead to the emergence of other barriers such as “Management inefficiency”.
Swine erysipelas, clinical diagnosis and medical management: cases in farm near the city of Lubumbashi
Authors: Bonheur kumwimba  , Hyacinthe nyandwe  , Arthur ngulu nsasi
Published: December 2021

The general objective of our work was to diagnose swine erysipelas, treat infected pigs and determine the prevalence of this pathology on the farm near the city of Lubumbashi. It is located 30 km from the city of Lubumbashi, on the axis of the Kasenga road, to the east of the Haut-Katanga Province. This disease plays a key role in perpetuating the downfall of pig farms. That’s why we asked ourselves the following questions: · What would be the categories of pigs most affected by this disease? · What would be the level of information for breeders and the risk of infection? · At what rate would the losses be assessed on the farms examined? This work concerns a farm that experienced swine fever a year earlier and whose pigs were not vaccinated against erysipelas. This disease is a major cause of death in pigs. The prospective method in clinical diagnosis and care was applied to 98 pigs from 4 zootechnical categories, namely piglets, sows, castrated males and boars. The data collected in this study revealed a prevalence of 81.6% with a mortality rate of 61.2% and a cure rate of 20.4%. Only 18.4% of pigs were not affected by the disease. The study carried out, involved 98 pigs of different categories including 37 piglets, 35 sows, 6 boars and 20 castrated. These pigs were of exotic Land race, large white, Piétrain and Duroc. There are also hybrid pigs. We concluded that the results obtained in our research on swine erysipelas concern 98 study animals divided into 4 zootechnical categories. It appeared 80 pigs or 81.6% were struck by erysipelas and only 18 or 18.4% had remained healthy. The infection rate was thus 81.6%.
Environmental, economic and energetic benefits from implantation of several modes of solar collector movements
Authors: Mustafa Hamad  , Mhanna Obaid
Published: December 2021

In this research, the performance of a moving solar system on two axes was studied, the east-west axis, this axis represents the tilt angle of the solar collector. The other movement is the surface's rotation around the perpendicular axis on the surface in the east and west directions, which in turn represents the azimuth angle of the solar collector. All possibilities for these movements were also studied, in order to reach the optimal option, which in turn depends on the importance of alication and the available space on the one hand, and the economic conditions on the other hand. The maximum value of solar radiation intensity was adopted as a guide to compare the performance of six options for tracking systems. Despite the high costs of tracking systems, they often have a positive economic return, as these systems increase the efficiency of the solar system, whether it is electric or thermal twice, the first one by increasing the intensity of the solar radiation incident on the solar collector, and the second one by increasing the optical efficiency of the solar collectors and thus increasing the overall efficiency of the device. The percentage of increase in the sixth type of solar energy is about 38% compared to the fixed mode. The minimum optical efficiency of the dual tracking mode has been found as 84%, while for fixed mode is about 48%.
Pharmacological action and physiological effect of the venom of the honey bee Apis mellifera Caucasica
Authors: Lamiye YILDIZ
Published: December 2021

The present’s experimental data on the influence of the venom of the honey bee on the life span of experimental animals irradiated with small doses of gamma radiation on physiological and pharmacological action venom of the honey bee Apis mellifera Caucasica. The aim of the studies was to study the radioprotective effect of the pre-introduced venom Apis mellifera Caucasica with a single gamma irradiation of 60Co mice at doses of 1.3, 5, 7, 10 Gy at irradiation dose rates of 1 Gr / min. Injection of venom followed by gamma irradiation of 60Co at a dose of D = 1, 3, 5 and 7 Gy at an irradiation dose rate of 1 Gy / min increased the life span of the experimental groups of mice ranging from 45% to 56 % and from 52% to 67%, respectively. An increase in the lifespan of experimental rats exposed to radiation with the preliminary introduction of the venom of the honey bee.
Effect of mental imagery on depression, anxiety and stress in instituitionalised leprosy patients – An experimental study
Authors: Alisha-Akbar-Dossa  , Parag-Shrinivas-Ranade  , Rahul-Nagendrasingh-Bisen
Published: December 2021

Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease is caused by Mycobacterium Leprae. Despite being curable, it continues to be a significant health problem in many parts of the world. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is higher in the leprosy affected population than in the general population. Physical activity has been associated with reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety. It is also associated with improved life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Mental Imagery holds belief as an intervention in the treatment of psychological disorders. This is attributable to its harmless, time and cost effective nature. The study aimed to assess the effect of mental imagery on Depression, Anxiety and Stress in institutionalised Leprosy patients using the DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale -21). It was carried out in 34 subjects divided equally in the control and experimental groups. The control group received an aerobic exercise program whereas the experimental group received an aerobic exercise program with mental imagery. It was thus concluded that a statistically significant difference was obtained in the scores of Depression in the experimental group. However, only clinically significant differences could be obtained in the scores of Anxiety and Stress. Thus, mental imagery can be used as an effective adjunct with conventional aerobic exercises for reducing Depression, Anxiety and Stress in institutionalised Leprosy patients.
Mediation in Marriage Disputes and Divorce (Analytical Study on the Application of Mediation in the Gorontalo Religious Court)
Authors: Hasan Faradila , - Yasin , Amiruddin Fikri
Published: December 2021

Abstract: This article discussed mediation as a way of resolving marital disputes. Divorce was one form of marital dispute in the Religious Courts, and in terms of resolving marital disputes, mediation was required. Although the rules of mediation in the judiciary are very clear, the facts show that the disputing parties and the courts have not optimized their use so that the divorce rate every year does not experience a significant decrease; on the contrary, it increases. The theory regarding mediation procedures in the Religious Courts has clearly been stated in the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia (No. 1 of 2016). This article aims to analyze the implementation of the mediation process at the Gorontalo Religious Court. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more in-depth research on the effectiveness of the Gorontalo Religious Court to resolve marital disputes that lead to divorce, which can be avoided, and the litigants can get back together and foster a ‘sakinah mawaddah wa rahmah’ household. This article used a qualitative with an empirical juridical approach. It could be concluded that the mediation had been carried out at the Gorontalo Religious Court under the Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia (No. 1 of 2016). Four factors affect successful and unsuccessful mediation, namely the litigation party factor, the mediator factor, the advocate or lawyer factor, and the representative mediation room factor.
The Socio-Historical Criticism Toward Sunnah and Ijma' In Fazlur Rahman Perspective
Authors: Muhammad Fauzi , Chatib Adrianus , Rahman Fuad
Published: December 2021

Sunnah and Ijma' are among the two propositions of Islamic law used by all schools of Sunni, which by Fazlur Rahman as a neo-modernist gives both specific concepts, and he succeeded in answering orientalists’ criticisms regarding the existence and strengths. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, and includes library research type. The analysis technique used is descriptive technique. The results of this study show that Fazlur Rahman recognizes the Sunnah and Ijma’ as the postulates of Islamic law, and he also describes them based on social and historical conditions critically, and refutes all criticisms and doubts of the orientalists, with the arguments can be proven by facts, data, and spectacular. This shows that the Sunnah and Ijma’ in Fazlur Rahman's view are the same as the previous classical scholars, and he is even able to describe them in a socio-historical and historical-critical frame.
Philosophy of Science: Definition, Object of Study, Scope, and Method
Authors: Wahidi Ridhoul , Afkari Sulistiyowati Gandariyah , Syukri Ahmad , - Badarussyamsi
Published: December 2021

Philosophy of Science is the study of all human life and thought phenomena critically and described in basic concepts. Philosophy is necessary for proving an accident or phenomenon and substance because, with philosophy, it can be proven that something exists or might exist. After all, with reason, a substance can be proven, and that the substance was formed from philosophy. There are two objects of study in the philosophy of science: a) material objects and b) formal objects. The scope of the philosophy of science is threefold, namely: a) Ontology, b) Epistemology, and c) Axiology. There are ten basic methods of philosophy of science, but in this study, the author only discusses three methods: a) Positivism Method, b) Phenomenological Method, and c) Critical Method. The purpose of the philosophy of science is to break the confinement of the human mind. By understanding and studying philosophy, humans can break the ice, rigidity, and even confinement of their minds by re-questioning everything that exists.

 

Abstrak: Filsafat Ilmu adalah studi tentang seluruh fenomena kehidupan dan pemikiran manusia secara kritis dan dijabarkan dalam konsep mendasar. Filsafat sangat dibutuhkan dalam membuktikan suatu aksiden atau fenomena dan Subtansi karena dengan filsafat bisa terbukti sesuatu itu ada atau mungkin ada, karena dengan akal bisa dibuktikan suatu substansi dan substansi itu terbentuknya dari filsafat. Objek Kajian dalam Filsafat Ilmu ada dua, yaitu: a) Objek Material dan b) Objek Formal. Ruang lingkup filsafat ilmu ada tiga, yaitu: a) Ontologi, b) Epistimologi dan c) Aksiologi. Metode filsafat ilmu pada dasarnya ada sepuluh metode, akan tetapi dalam kajian ini penulis hanya membahas tiga metode, yaitu: a) Metode Positivisme b) Metode Fenomenologi dan c) Metode Kritis. Tujuan filsafat ilmu sebagai pendobrak keterkungkungan pikiran manusia. Dengan memahami, dan mempelajari filsafat manusia dapat menghancurkan kebekuan, kakakuan, bahkan  keterkungkungan pikirannya dengan kembali mempertanyakan segala yang ada.

Kata-kata kunci: filsafat ilmu, pengertian, objek kajian, ruang lingkup, metode
Cosmogony in the Perspective of the Prophet of Muhammad’s Utterances
Authors: - Danusiri
Published: December 2021

The study reports on a version of the cosmogonic information amidst the various chronicle stories of the world's great tribes. The Prophet Muhammad's version of cosmogony has dimensions of transcendentalism. The version also contains the actual value of the Islamic faith, rather than just a myth. The study uses qualitative with library research, and the data were sourced from nine standard hadith books, at digital ‘Lidwa Pustaka-I’ Software ‘Kitab 9 Imam Hadith’ (2009). The study applied thematic and chronological methods to describe how the universe has begun, created a shape until the end of its existence. Allah has created the universe from ‘nothing’ into ‘existence’. Based on His mercy, pre-designed was pitch black at the beginning of the world’s creation. Light arose simultaneously with the process of the occurring part of the universe. The findings reveal that the entire contents of the universe designated as facilities for life where the earth is helpful for human life. At one point, nature will shrink because Allah grasps it, the layout of every celestial body changes completely, and its aftermath is unknown to humans.

Abstrak: Kajian ini melaporkan informasi pada sebuah versi kosmogonik di tengah berbagai kisah kronik suku-suku besar dunia. Kosmogoni versi Nabi Muhammad SAW memiliki dimensi transendentalisme. Versi tersebut juga memuat nilai aktual dari akidah Islam, bukan sekedar mitos. Penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan, dan data bersumber dari sembilan kitab hadis standar, pada software digital 'Lidwa Pustaka-I' 'Kitab 9 Imam Hadith' (2009). Kajian ini menerapkan metode tematik dan kronologis untuk menggambarkan bagaimana alam semesta dimulai, diciptakan dan dibentuk hingga akhir keberadaannya. Allah telah menciptakan alam semesta dari 'tidak ada' menjadi 'ada'. Berdasarkan rahmat-Nya, pra-desain dalam keadaan gelap gulita pada awal penciptaan dunia. Cahaya muncul bersamaan dengan proses terjadinya alam semesta. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa seluruh isi alam semesta ditetapkan sebagai fasilitas kehidupan dan bumi bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Pada suatu saat, alam akan menyusut karena Allah menggenggamnya, tata letak setiap benda angkasa berubah total, dan akibatnya tidak diketahui manusia.

Kata-kata kunci: kosmogoni, perspektif, sabda Nabi
Wills of ‘Wajibah’ and Renewal Thoughts of Islamic Inheritance Law in Indonesia
Authors: - Ismail
Published: December 2021

The Will of ‘Wajibah’ has been implemented in several Muslim countries, it is still debated. According to the majority of fiqh scholars, the obligation of will for a Muslim who is close to his death has been abolished by inheritance law. In addition, they argue that a will is ‘ikhtiyâriyah’ or an act of ‘ikhtiyâriyah’, the act depends on a person’s will, and it is not enforced by force (ijbariyah). This study tries to answer the controversy with the sub-problems of the actual concept of the mandatory will, the legal basis used by Islamic juries in determining the law, and how its reforms. This research is qualitative with a literature study and the sources used to include some ‘fiqh’ books and law books. To analyze the data, the author used content analysis methods, through inductive, deductive, and comparative thinking methods. The results of this study indicate that the mandatory will is new ‘ijtihad’ in the treasury of ‘ijtihad’. This concept was born from the reinterpretation of the will and inheritance verses by relating them to the context of today's social life with considerations of benefit or ‘mashlahah mursalah’.

Abstrak: Wasiat wajibah meskipun telah berlaku di beberapa negara Muslim, masih mengundang perdebatan, antara lain disebabkan karena menurut pendapat mayoritas atau jumhur ulama fiqh kewajiban berwasiat bagi seorang Muslim yang telah mendekati masa kematiannya itu telah  dihapuskan oleh hukum waris. Di samping itu, mereka juga berpendapat bahwa wasiat adalah perbuatan yang bersifat ikhtiyâriyah, yakni ada tidaknya wasiat tersebut tergantung kepada kehendak seseorang, tidak berlaku secara paksa (ijbâriyah). Penelitian ini, mencoba menjawab kontroversi sebagaimana dikemukakan di atas dengan sub masalah bagaimana sebenarnya konsep wasiat wajibah tersebut, apa landasan hukum yang digunakan oleh para juris Islam dalam menetapkan hukumnya dan bagaimana pembaruan yang terjadi di dalamnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan yang menjadikan sejumlah kitab fiqh dan kitab undang-undang sebagai sumbernya. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode konten analisis, melalui metode berpikir induktif, deduktif dan komparatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa wasiat wajibah sejatinya merupakan ijtihad baru dalam khasanah ijtihad. Konsep ini lahir dari penafsiran ulang terhadap ayat-ayat wasiat dan ayat-ayat waris dengan mengaitkannya dengan konteks kehidupan sosial masyarakat sekarang dengan pertimbangan kemashlahatan atau mashlahah mursalah.

Kata-kata kunci: pembaruan, ijtihad, hukum islam, wasiat wajibah
Language and Culture Co-Learning in Russian and Chinese Foreign Language Teaching Methodologies (Russian as a Foreign Language; Chinese as a Foreign Language)
Authors: Gao Yue
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study is to trace in a comparative aspect the development of the language and culture co-learning idea in methodological works by Russian and Chinese researchers. The paper shows similarities and differences of approaches in the implementation of the language and culture co-learning idea in the process of foreign language teaching; considers views of scholars and teaching methodology experts on the issue of forming the necessary competencies in students who learn foreign languages. Scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying reference points in the approaches taken by Russian and Chinese teaching methodology experts regarding the role of foreign language learning in the context of culture, in clarifying the scope of the concept of “linguocultural competence” in relation to philological education and training of future philologists; in introducing ideas of Chinese researchers who have not been previously published in Russian into the Russian-language scientific discourse. As a result of the study, the author has outlined the important points of convergence of methodological views on language and culture co-learning, on which new methodologies of teaching Russian as a foreign language to Chinese students can be based, drawing on the traditions adopted in the Chinese foreign language teaching methodology.