bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Bilimbi Leaf Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) Against the Growth of Candida albicans ATCC 10231
Authors: Asril Muhammad , Marlin Riska
Published: February 2022

Candida albicans ATCC 10231 is a microflora in the female genital tract that can cause candidiasis/vaginal discharge due to systemic disorders and long-term use of antibiotics. Natural treatment without side effects can use bilimbi leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.). This plant contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins which can inhibit C. albicans ATCC 10231. This study aimed to determine the potential of bilimbi leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans ATCC 10231. The maceration method using ethanol as a solvent was used to obtain the extract of bilimbi leaves. The antifungal ability of the extract was tested using the well diffusion method. The extraction yield was 7.69% and was able to inhibit C. albicans ATCC 10231 at a concentration of 80% and 100% with an antimicrobial index of 0.66 and 0.95, respectively, with weak and moderate inhibition categories. These results are new information about using bilimbi leaves to inhibit the growth of C. albicans ATCC 10231 so that the public can use it as an alternative treatment for vaginal discharge.
Dampak Penyebaran Hadis Lemah dan Palsu dalam Tatanan Kehidupan Bermasyarakat
Authors: Sari Marlina Ratna
Published: February 2022

Abstract

 

Hadith is the source of the second law of Islam. To be functioned as bayan (explanatory) of the Qur'an and at the same time as a guideline, he must undergo a selection process called hadith keshahihan test or hadith criticism test. This neglect of critical attitudes in turn causes the number of hadiths dhaif (weak hadith) and hadith mawdhu ' (false hadith) spread in the community. Among the groups responsible for the spread of these hadiths are the da'i (khatib and muballigh) who do not equip themselves with adequate mastery of hadith science, where they tend to cite hadiths not from the original sources (the book of hadith mu'tabar). In turn, the result of the phenomenon of the spread of hadith dhaif and mawdhu' itself is the spread of heresy behavior and neglect of the Sunnah of the Prophet.

 

Keywords: Authentication of Hadith, Hadith Dhaif, Hadith Mawdhu'

 

Abstrak

 

Hadis adalah sumber hukum kedua agama Islam. Untuk dapat difungsikan sebagai bayan (penjelas) al-Qur’an dan sekaligus sebagai pedoman, ia harus menjalani proses seleksi yang disebut dengan uji keshahihan hadis atau uji kritik hadis. Pengabaian terhadap sikap kritis inilah yang pada gilirannya menyebabkan banyaknya hadis dhaif (hadis lemah) dan hadis mawdhu’ (hadis palsu) tersebar di tengah masyarakat. Di antara kelompok yang bertanggung jawab terhadap penyebaran hadis-hadis ini adalah para da’i (khatib dan muballigh) yang tidak melengkapi diri dengan penguasaan ilmu hadis yang memadai, dimana mereka cenderung mengutip hadis tidak dari sumber-sumber aslinya (kitab hadis mu’tabar). Pada gilirannya, akibat dari fenomena penyebaran hadis dhaif dan mawdhu’ sendiri adalah merebaknya perilaku bid’ah dan pengabaian sunnah Nabi.

 

Keywords: Uji Keshahihan Hadis, Hadis Dhaif, Hadis Mawdhu’
REAKSI PASAR ATAS PENGUNGKAPAN KEPATUHAN SYARIAH TERHADAP SAHAM PERUSAHAAN PADA INDEKS SAHAM SYARIAH INDONESIA
Authors: Kurniati Ellysa , Pramono Sigid Eko , Anwar Saiful
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui reaksi pasar atas informasi kepatuhan syariah diperoleh melalui pengumuman perubahan komposisi saham dalam penghitungan Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia tanggal sejak tahun 2011 hingga tahun 2019 terhadap emiten yang memenuhi dan tidak memenuhi aspek kepatuhan syariah. Informasi kepatuhan syariah ini. Dengan menggunakan metodologi event study (studi peristiwa), penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 86% atau 12 dari 14 pengujian reaksi pasar atas pengungkapan kepatuhan syariah pada pengumuman perubahan komposisi saham dalam penghitungan ISSI,  yang artinya terdapat reaksi pasar yang positif terhadap saham perusahaan yang patuh syariah sebesar 86% dari seluruh pengujian yang tersedia. Masuknya perusahaan ke dalam Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia dianggap sebagai sinyal positif oleh para investor, terutama bagi investor ritel dan manajer investasi yang mengkhususkan diri atau hanya fokus untuk menyalurkan dananya pada produk yang memenuhi aspek syariah saja. Sinyal positif ini kemudian disikapi dengan melakukan pembelian atas saham-saham patuh syariah tersebut.

Kata Kunci: pengumuman ISSI, kepatuhan syariah, reaksi pasar
Patent law and innovations of the Polish economy: Analysis of the current situation and recommendations for the future
Authors: Karpińska Kinga , Protasiewicz Anna
Published: February 2022

One of the key elements of modern economies is their innovation, measured in many ways. The measures of innovation most often include R&D expenditure (expenditure side) and patents (effects side). Undoubtedly, the level of expenditure on research activities is important, but the true picture of an innovative economy is provided by the side of the achieved results, i.e. patents. The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of patent law (organizational, financial, and legal conditions, and thus the number of filed and patented solutions) on the level of innovativeness on the example of the Polish economy. The analysis was based on a review of domestic and foreign literature and legal acts on patent protection at the national, regional (European) and international levels on the one hand, and innovation in Poland and European countries on the other. To assess the level of innovativeness data from the Global Innovation Index, the Central Statistical Office (GUS) and the European Innovation Scoreboard were used. Comparison of these data made it possible to articulate several conclusions. First, patent law is considered too complex and unclear for research applicants. Moreover, the awareness of patent  applicants in Poland is still quite low, especially if the entity is a small enterprise. An undoubted barriers to the patent activity are also the costs that must be borne during the entire patent procedure and the waiting time for the procedure to be completed. Future research should focus on surveying businesses in Poland about their views on patent law and possible changes to improve its operation, allowing for a more detailed analysis of the issue.
Simulieren statt Studieren in der Lehrerbildung?
Authors: Riegger Manfred , Rotthoff Thomas
Published: February 2022

Die Wechselbeziehung zwischen Medizindidaktik und Religionspädagogik wurde bisher sel­ten reflektiert. Deshalb erhellen wir zuerst diese Beziehung und entwickeln die Grundlage für einen Dialog. Den Erfolg eines solchen Dialoges präsentieren wir anhand des Beispiels der Simulation, einer in der Medizindidaktik gut untersuchten Lehr-Lern-Methode. Speziell betrachten wir Verständnis und Ablauf von Simulation, sowie lern­theoretische Grundlagen. Neben Divergenzen gibt es Konvergenzen wie die Annäherung an die Praxis, die Phasen der Simulation und ähnliche Ziele und Kompetenzen. Dieser Weg der fallbezogenen Professionalisierung in medi­zinischer Ausbildung und Religionslehrkräftebildung benötigt aber beides: Simulieren von Praxis und Studieren von Fachwissen.
Atravessando o devir professor de matemática
Authors: Queiroz Simone Moura
Published: February 2022

Neste artigo buscou-se observar os movimentos transversais que perpassam o devir professor de Matemática. Com isso, criamos redes de diálogos entre o sujeito da licenciatura em Matemática, que foi agenciado pelo curso que vai moldando-o tecnicamente e reflexivamente, com algumas discussões relacionadas à Filosofia da Diferença, permitindo-nos algumas reflexões por meio dos adentramentos feitos ao plano de imanência de alguns teóricos, como Foucault, Deleuze, Guattari, Rolnik, Larrosa, dentre outros, mergulhando metaforicamente em alguns de seus conceitos (Cuidado de si, parresía, desejo, éthos, experiência, subjetivação, rizoma, devir...). O sujeito da pesquisa atravessa implicitamente este texto, deixando-nos discussões a respeito da ideia da formação, como molde proposto e expresso por meio da estrutura pedagógica do curso, por exemplo, e de encontro a esta as linhas de força, o cuidado de si, os agenciamentos, que os perpassam, que os fazem experienciar e resistirem.
Unique contribution of one patient advocacy organization in advancing cerebral cavernous malformation awareness and research
Authors: Lee Cornelia
Published: February 2022

Advocacy organizations have long played a role in advancing care and research for patients affected by rare disease. Angioma Alliance has served traditional functions of organizing scientific meetings and creating shared resources like a tissue bank and a patient registry. Uniquely, the organization has employed creative patient engagement methods like subsidized genetic testing as well as targeting special populations to expand research participation and understanding of the illness. Special populations include those with CCM3 mutations, the CCM1 Common Hispanic Mutation, and Black patients.
Disclosing the cardiomyopathic substrate within the heart muscles in amyloidosis by cardiac magnetic resonance: diagnostic and prognostic implications
Authors: Pica Silvia , Lombardi Massimo
Published: February 2022

The use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for accurate morphological assessment of cardiomyopathies is well described. CMR tissue characterization with late gadolinium enhancement and parametric mapping is highly promising in differentiating key etiologies of left ventricular hypertrophy, diagnosing cardiac involvement in systemic amyloidosis, detecting early disease, and tracking changes over time, as well as providing valuable prognostic information. This review focuses on the typical imaging findings in cardiac amyloidosis by CMR, highlighting its potentials with respect to traditional imaging techniques. Furthermore, the diagnostic and prognostic role of CMR parameters and the future perspectives related to the newest applications are addressed.
Mid-basal left ventricular longitudinal dysfunction as a prognostic marker in mutated transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Licordari Roberto , Minutoli Fabio , Cappelli Francesco , Micari Antonio , Colarusso Luigi , Di Paola Federico Antonio Francesco , Campisi Mariapaola , Recupero Antonino , Mazzeo Anna , Di Bella Gianluca
Published: February 2022

Aim: Mutated transthyretin (TTRv) cardiac amyloidosis (CA) represents an uncommon form of CA. Our study aimed to assess the best echocardiographic prognostic parameter in the early stage of TTRv amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy. Methods: In total, 99 patients with TTRv in New York Heart Association class I or II and with no clinical history of previous cardiac disease were studied. Assessment with 99mTc-DPD whole-body scan showed CA in 46 patients. At the first medical contact, an echocardiographic examination was performed. In addition to conventional left ventricular (LV), echocardiographic measurements [ejection fraction (EF), dimensions and diastolic function, global longitudinal strain (GLS), longitudinal strain of the 4 apical segments, longitudinal strain of the 12 mid-basal segments (MBLS)] and their ratio [relative regional strain ratio (RRSR)] were obtained. Patient outcome was evaluated during a follow-up with an average duration of six years. Cardiac death and appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) shock were considered major events. Results: A higher value of LV thickness, E/E’, and RRSR and lower LV volumes, EF, GLS, MBLS were observed in patients with CA than the ones with only TTRv. During follow-up (median of 7.7 years), 25 major events (23 cardiac death and 2 appropriate ICD shocks) occurred. The logistic univariate analyses showed that LV EF, LV septal thickness, E/E’, GLS, and MBLS were all predictors of cardiovascular death. In multivariate analysis, MBLS was the only independent predictor of major events. A cut off of -14 of MBLS was selected as the best value to discriminate a worse prognosis on Kaplan-Meyer analysis. Conclusion: Longitudinal dysfunction is observed in the early stages of ATTRv amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy. Medio-basal LV longitudinal dysfunction is a strong independent echocardiographic predictor of cardiac death.
Drug resistance and minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma
Authors: Gozzetti Alessandro , Ciofini Sara , Sicuranza Anna , Pacelli Paola , Raspadori Donatella , Cencini Emanuele , Tocci Dania , Bocchia Monica
Published: February 2022

Great progress has been made in improving survival in multiple myeloma (MM) patients over the last 30 years. New drugs have been introduced and complete responses are frequently seen. However, the majority of MM patients do experience a relapse at a variable time after treatment, and ultimately the disease becomes drug-resistant following therapies. Recently, minimal residual disease (MRD) detection has been introduced in clinical trials utilizing novel therapeutic agents to measure the depth of response. MRD can be considered as a surrogate for both progression-free and overall survival. In this perspective, the persistence of a residual therapy-resistant myeloma plasma cell clone can be associated with inferior survivals. The present review gives an overview of drug resistance in MM, i.e., mutation of β5 subunit of the proteasome; upregulation of pumps of efflux; heat shock protein induction for proteasome inhibitors; downregulation of CRBN expression; deregulation of IRF4 expression; mutation of CRBN, IKZF1, and IKZF3 for immunomodulatory drugs and decreased target expression; complement protein increase; sBCMA increase; and BCMA down expression for monoclonal antibodies. Multicolor flow cytometry, or next-generation flow, and next-generation sequencing are currently the techniques available to measure MRD with sensitivity at 10-5. Sustained MRD negativity is related to prolonged survival, and it is evaluated in all recent clinical trials as a surrogate of drug efficacy.
Models That Link and Suggest Data about Elementary Particles, Dark Matter, and the Cosmos
Authors: Buckholtz Thomas J.
Published: February 2022

We suggest progress regarding the following six physics opportunities. List all elementary particles. Describe dark matter. Explain ratios of dark matter to ordinary matter. Explain eras in the history of the universe. Link properties of objects. Interrelate physics models. We use models based on Diophantine equations.
Characterization of Bifidobacterium asteroides Isolates
Authors: Pino Alessandra , Benkaddour Bachir , Inturri Rosanna , Amico Pietro , Vaccaro Susanna , Russo Nunziatina , Vaccalluzzo Amanda , Agolino Gianluigi , Caggia Cinzia , Randazzo Cinzia L.
Published: February 2022

Bifidobacteria have long been recognized as bacteria with probiotic and therapeutic features. The aim of this work is to characterize the Bifidobacterium asteroides BA15 and BA17 strains, isolated from honeybee gut. An in-depth assessment was carried out on safety properties (antibiotic resistance profiling, β-haemolytic, DNAse and gelatinase activities and virulence factor presence) and other properties (antimicrobial activity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity). Based on phenotypic and genotypic characterization, both strains satisfied all the safety requirements. More specifically, genome analysis showed the absence of genes encoding for glycopeptide (vanA, vanB, vanC-1, vanC-2, vanD, vanE, vanG), resistance to tetracycline (tet-M, tet-L and tetO), and virulence genes (asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, hyl).
The Influenza Virus RNA-polymerase and the Host RNA-Polymerase II: RPB4 is Targeted by a PB2 Domain that is Involved in Viral Transcription
Authors: Morel Jessica , Sedano Laura , Lejal Nathalie , Da Costa Bruno , Batsché Eric , Muchardt Christian , Delmas Bernard
Published: February 2022

Influenza virus transcription is catalyzed by the viral RNA-polymerase (FluPol) through a cap-snatching activity. The snatching of the cap of cellular mRNA by FluPol is preceded by its binding to the flexible C-terminal domain (CTD) of the RPB1 subunit of RNA-polymerase II (Pol II). To better understand how FluPol brings the 3’-end of the genomic RNAs in close proximity to the host-derived primer, we hypothesized that FluPol may recognize additional Pol II subunits/domains to ensure cap-snatching. Using binary complementation assays between the Pol II and FluPol subunits and their structural domains, we revealed an interaction between the N-third domain of PB2 and RPB4. This interaction was confirmed by a co-immunoprecipitation assay and found to occur with the homologous domains of influenza B and C FluPols. Residues [1-72] of RPB4 were found critical in this interaction. Numerous punctual mutants generated at conserved positions between influenza A, B and C FluPols in the N-third domain of PB2 exhibited strong transcriptional activity defect. These results suggest that FluPol interacts with several domains/subunits of Pol II, the CTD to bind Pol II initiating host transcription and a second on RPB4 to locate FluPol at the proximity of the 5’-end of nascent host mRNA.
Time, Mediated through Plant Versatility, is a Better Predictor of Medicinal Status of Alien Plants
Authors: Yessoufou Kowiyou , Ambani Annie Estelle , Elansary Hosam O. , El-Sabrout Ahmed M. , Shokralla Shadi
Published: February 2022

Ethnobotany has been, for too long, a descriptive discipline. However, ethnobotanists are increasingly calling for a paradigm shift towards the formulation of unifying theories and hypothesis-driven research in ethnobotany. Here, we formulated a theory, termed time-since-introduction theory, to explain the integration of alien plants into local pharmacopoeias in their recipient environment. This theory suggests that the factor time is paramount in determining which alien plants are more likely to be included in the medicinal flora of the areas they are introduced in. The theory relies on three hypotheses, the availability and versatility hypotheses alongside the residence time hypothesis newly proposed in the present study. We tested this theory by fitting a structural equation model to ethnobotanical data collected on South Africa’s alien woody flora. Although residence time is a direct predictor of medicinal status of alien plants, it is a better predictor when mediated through plant versatility. These findings are in support of the theory, and we consequently proposed a framework with which to understand different paths linking all three hypotheses. Collectively, our study shows the value of time in the development of ethnobotanical knowledge and fully responds to the pressing call for paradigm shift in ethnobotany.
Performance Analysis of DF Relay Assisted D2D Communication in 5G mm-Wave Network
Authors: Sarma Subhra Sankha , Hazra Ranjay , Chong Peter Han Joo
Published: February 2022

Enabling D2D communication in the mm-Wave band has many obstacles which must be mitigated. The primary concern is the introduction of interference from various sources. Thus, we focused our work on the performance of decode and forward (DF) relay assisted D2D communication in the mm-Wave band for increasing the coverage probability and energy efficiency (EE). Three modes are proposed for D2D communication to prevail. Bit-wise binary XOR operation is executed at the relay node which increases the security feature. Radius of coverage expression is derived which indicates the switching of the modes. The diffused incoherent scattering power is also considered as a part of power consumption. Furthermore, a unique relay selection scheme, Dynamic relay selection (DRS) method is proposed to select the optimal relay for information exchange. Comparison of the proposed DF relay scheme with amplify and forward (DF) scheme is also shown. Finally, simulation results prove the efficacy of the proposed work.
Arthropod Diversity and Distribution; How do the NRCERS Agricultural Procedures Impact?
Authors: Zidan Islam
Published: February 2022

The National Research Centre’s experimental research station (NRCERS) locates in Wadi El Natrun, Egypt 30°29'54.22"N 30°19'10.94"E. The NRCERS has various crop yields (vegetables, fruits, ornamental, and field crops) for different experimental treatments. It followed conventional agricultural procedures in vegetation, fertilisation, irrigation, and plant protection. Such policies have not been evaluated for their impacts on arthropod diversity and distribution. Thus, this study conclusion aims to sufficiently map the arthropod species (pest/predators) distribution, measure the biodiversity indices, to the NRCERS agricultural policies to be modified to support arthropod diversity.
Recent Advances of Natural Cellulosic Non-Woven Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Aghazadeh Mohammadreza , Delfanian Sheyda , Aghakhani Pouria , Homaeigohar Shahin , Alipour Atefeh , Shahsavarani Hosein
Published: February 2022

In the recent years, tissue engineering researchers have exploited a variety of biomaterials that can potentially mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) for tissue regeneration. Natural cellulose, mainly obtained from bacterial (BC) and plant-based (PC) sources, can serve as a high potential scaffold material for different regenerative purposes. Natural cellulose has drawn the attention of researchers due to its advantage over synthetic cellulose in terms of availability, cost-effectiveness, perfusablility, biocompatibility, negligible toxicity, mild immune response and due to imitating native tissues. In this article, we will review the recent in vivo and in vitro studies aimed to assess the potentials of natural cellulose for the purpose of soft (skin, heart, veins, nerve, among others) and hard (bone and tooth) tissue engineering.
Unauthorized Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Detection using YOLOv5 and Transfer Learning
Authors: Al-Qubaydhi Nader , Alenezi Abdulrahman , Alanazi Turki , Senyor Abdulrahman , Alanezi Naif , Alotaibi Bandar , Alotaibi Munif , Abdelhamid Abdelaziz A. , Razaque Abdul , Alotaibi Aziz
Published: February 2022

Recently, the use of drones/unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has notably increased due to their broad commercial spread and low cost. The wide diffusion of drones increases the hazards of their misuse in illegitimate actions such as drug smuggling and terrorism. Thus, the surveillance and automated detection of drones are crucial for safeguarding restricted regions or special zones from illegal drone interventions. One of the most challenging issues in drone detection in surveillance videos is the apparent similarity of drones and birds against complex backgrounds. In this work, an automated image-based drone-detection system utilizing an advanced deep-learning-based object-detection method known as you only look once (YOLOv5) is introduced for protecting restricted regions or special zones from unlawful drone interventions. Due to the lack of sufficient data, transfer learning was utilized to pretrain the object-detection method to increase the performance. The experiments showed outstanding results, and an average precision of 94.7% was accomplished.
Endothelial Dysfunction in SARS CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Nappi Francesco , Avtaar Singh Sanjeet Singh
Published: February 2022

One of the hallmarks of the SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the inflammatory process that played a role in its pathogenesis, resulting in mortality within susceptible individuals. This uncontrolled inflammatory process leads to severe systemic symptoms via multiple pathways, however, the role of endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis have not been truly explored. This review aims to highlight the pathogenic mechanisms of these inflammatory triggers leading to thrombogenic complications. There are direct and indirect pathogenic pathways of the infection that are examined in detail. We also describe the case of carotid artery thrombosis in a patient following the SARS-CoV-2 infection, while reviewing the literature on the role of ACE2, the endothelium, and the different mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 may manifest both acutely and chronically. We also highlight differences from the other coronaviruses that have made this infection pandemic with similarities to the influenza virus.
Genomic Insights on the Functional Capabilities of the Cyano-Sphere of Edible Andean Nostoc Macrocolonies (Llayta)
Authors: Vilo Claudia , Galetovic Alexandra , Dong Qunfeng , Gómez-Silva Benito
Published: February 2022

Cyanobacteria biomasses are sources of secondary metabolites and nutritious ingredients such as vitamins, essential amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. Biochemical composition, presence of cyanotoxins and contaminants are major concerns to be addressed on such edible biomasses. Macrocolonies of a filamentous diazotrophic Nostoc species known as Llayta are found at Andean wetlands and consumed since pre-Columbian times in South America. Its biochemical composition has been previously conducted to assess their nutritious quality and cyanotoxicity. Macrocolonies of filamentous cyanobacteria are niches for colonization by diverse microorganisms; however, the Llayta microcolonies cyanosphere is unknown. Based on a culture-independent approach, we report the identification of members of the resilient microflora associated with Llayta trichomes after Gentamicin treatments. We have also reconstructed the genomes of the Llayta macrocolony-forming Nostoc sp. cyanobacterium (6,781,030 bp; GC content of 41.2%) and the genomes of five dominant bacteria genera (Mesorhizobium, Microvirga, Paracoccus, Aquimonas, and Blastomonas). The detection of genes and genes clusters involved in primary and secondary metabolism is described. Our results provide new insights on the metabolic capabilities and biotechnological potential of the Andean Nostoc cyanobacterium, and the ecological role and adaptive strategies of microorganisms living under extreme environmental conditions at the Andean wetlands.
A Machine Learning Approach for Improved Inertial Navigation System Solution
Authors: Abosekeen Ashraf , Mahdi Ahmed , Azouz Ahmed , Abdalla Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Inertial navigation system (INS) is a basic component for obtaining a continuous navigation solution in various applications. The INS navigation solution suffers from a growing error over time. In particular, its navigation solution depends mainly on the quality and grade of the inertial measuring unit (IMU) that provides the INS with both accelerations and angular rates. However, low-cost small micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) suffer from tremendous error sources such as bias, scale factor, scale factor instability, and highly non-linear noise. Therefore, MEMS-IMU measurements lead to drifted solutions when used as a control input to the INS. Accordingly, several approaches have been introduced to model and mitigate the errors associated with IMU. In this paper, a machine learning-based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ML-ANFIS) is proposed to leverage the performance of low-grade IMUs in two phases. The first phase is training 50% of the low-grade IMU measurements with a high-end IMU to generate a suitable error model. The second phase involved testing the developed model on the remaining low-grade IMU measurements. A real road trajectory was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show the effectiveness of utilizing the proposed ML-ANFIS algorithm in removing errors and improving the INS solution compared to the traditional one. An improvement of 70% in the 2D-positioning and 92% in the 2D-velocity INS solution is attained when the proposed algorithm was applied compared to the traditional INS solution.
Does Bisphenol A Confer Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders? What We’ve Learned from Developmental Neurotoxicity Studies in Animal Models
Authors: Welch Chloe , Mulligan Kimberly
Published: February 2022

Substantial evidence indicates that bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous environmental chemical used in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, can impair brain development. Clinical and epidemiological studies exploring potential connections between BPA and neurodevelopmental disorders in humans have repeatedly identified correlations between early BPA exposure and developmental disorders, like attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Investigations using invertebrate and vertebrate animal models have revealed that developmental exposure to BPA can impair multiple aspects of neuronal development, including neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, synapse formation, and synaptic plasticity—neuronal phenotypes that are thought to underpin the fundamental changes in behavior associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Consistent with BPA-associated neuronal phenotypes, behavioral analyses of BPA-treated animals have shown significant impacts on behavioral endophenotypes related to neurodevelopmental disorders, including altered locomotor activity, learning and memory deficits, and anxiety-like behavior. To contextualize the correlations between BPA and neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, this review summarizes current literature reporting on the developmental neurotoxicity of BPA in laboratory animals, with an emphasis on neuronal phenotypes, molecular mechanisms, and behavioral outcomes. The collective works described here predominantly support the notion that gestational exposure to BPA should be regarded as a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Review and Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Databases
Authors: Papp Márton , Solymosi Norbert
Published: February 2022

As the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes is increasing in microbes, we are facing the return of the preantibiotic era. Consecutively, the number of studies concerning antibiotic resistance and its spread in the environment is rapidly growing. Next generation sequencing technologies are widespread used in many areas of biological research and antibiotic resistance is no exception. For the rapid annotation of whole genome sequencing and metagenomic results considering antibiotic resistance, several tools and data resources were developed. These databases, however can differ fundamentally in the number and type of genes and resistance determinants they comprise. Furthermore, the annotation structure and metadata stored in these resources can also contribute to their differences. Several previous reviews were published on the tools and databases of resistance gene annotation, however, to our knowledge, no previous review focused solely and in depth on the differences in the databases. In this review, we compare the most well-known and widely used antibiotic resistance gene databases based on their structure and content. We believe that this knowledge is fundamental for selecting the most appropriate database for a research question and for the development of new tools and resources of resistance gene annotation.
Mapping the Contribution of Social Psychologists toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Bibliometric and Content Analysis of Spanish Publications
Authors: Sánchez Flor , Filippo Daniela De , Blanco Amalio , Lascurain María Luisa
Published: February 2022

This study analyses the papers published by Spanish social psychologists to determine whether they address topics related with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Publications by Spanish institutions indexed by the Web of Science in the thematic category of “Social Psychology” were subjected to bibliometric analysis. The publications were classified by their relationship with the SDGs using OSDG, an open-source labelling tool, and an in-depth content analysis was performed to validate the results. A corpus of 1632 papers published by Spanish institutions between 1980 and 2020 was identified. Thirty-four percent of the papers address matters related with the SDGs; 23 % concern matters related with Goal 3 (good health and well-being), and 5 %, with Goal 5 (gender equality). Only 3 % are interventions to modify behaviour or change social environments. Conclusions: The review of these papers allows detecting to what extent the research conducted in Social Psychology contributes to achieving the goals proposed in each of the SDGs. Also, the content analysis of this publications identifies several factors (cognitive, emotional, social or cultural) which should be investigated to improve knowledge on how to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Development and Validation of a Digital Image Processing-Based Pill Detection Tool for an Oral Medication Self-Monitoring System
Authors: Holtkötter Jannis , Amaral Rita , Almeida Rute , Jácome Cristina , Cardoso Ricardo , Pereira Ana , Pereira Mariana , Chon Ki , Fonseca João Almeida
Published: February 2022

Objective tools to track medication adherence are lacking. A tool to monitor pill intake that can be implemented in mHealth apps without the need for additional devices was developed. We propose a pill intake detection tool that uses digital image processing to analyze images of a blister to detect the presence of pills. The tool uses the circular Hough transform as a feature extraction technique and is therefore primarily useful for the detection of pills with a round shape. This pill detection tool is composed of two steps. First, the registration of a full blister and storing of reference values in a local database. Second, the detection and classification of taken and remaining pills in similar blisters, to determine the actual number of untaken pills. In the registration of round pills in full blisters, 100% of pills in gray blisters or blisters with a transparent cover were successfully detected. In counting of untaken pills in partially opened blisters, 95.2% of remaining and 95.1% of taken pills were detected in gray blisters, while 88.2% of remaining and 80.8% of taken pills were detected in blisters with a transparent cover. The proposed tool provides promising results for the detection of round pills. However, the classification of taken and remaining pills need to be further improved, in particular for the detection of pills with non-oval shapes.
Problems with Abstract Observers and Advantages of a Model-Centric Paradigm
Authors: Ashby Mick
Published: February 2022

Since 1974, when Heinz von Foerster made the distinction between “the cybernetics of observed systems” as first-order cybernetics (1oC) and “the cybernetics of observing systems” as second-order cybernetics (2oC), cybernetics has been dominated by this observer-centric paradigm that he claimed cannot be extended meaningfully to a third-order. Rather than attempting to extend his paradigm, we derive an alternative, model-centric paradigm from first principles of regulation that naturally extends to three orders, where the third order is ethical regulation. We thus consider a type of regulator that requires a third model and a third observer: If the third model is a model of acceptable (ethical) situations, then a third observer is a necessary element of the system’s “conscience” that prevents or detects any violations of the model of ethical situations. In this paradigm, the cybernetics of systems that are designed to exhibit ethical behaviour can be characterized as third-order cybernetics (3oC). By being able to extend the paradigm to include ethical systems, the model-centric paradigm brings clarity and utility that is not possible using the philosopher-friendly observer-centric paradigm and its under-specified (abstract) observers. Finally new definitions for cybernetics are proposed that clearly differentiate between the science and the philosophy, of cybernetics.
Lactobacillus Acidophilus DDS-1 Modulates the Gut Microbial Co-Occurrence Networks in Aging Mice
Authors: Vemuri Ravichandra , Martoni Christopher J. , Kavanagh Kylie , Eri Rajaraman
Published: February 2022

Age-related alterations in the gut microbiome composition and its impacts on the host’s health have been well described; however, detailed analyses of the gut microbial structure defining ecological microbe-microbe interactions is limited. One of the ways to determine these interactions is by understanding microbial co-occurrence patterns. We previously showed promising abilities of Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 on the aging gut microbiome and immune system. However, the potential of the DDS-1 strain to modulate microbial co-occurrence patterns is unknown. Hence, we aimed to investigate the ability of L. acidophilus DDS-1 to modulate the fecal, mucosal and cecal-related microbial co-occurrence networks in young and aging C57BL/6J mice. Our Kendall’s tau correlation measures of co-occurrence revealed age-related changes in the gut microbiome, which were characterized by reduced number of nodes and associations across sample types when compared to younger mice. After four-week supplementation, L. acidophilus DDS-1 differentially modulated the overall microbial community structure in fecal and mucosal samples as compared to cecal samples. Beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia acted as connectors in aging networks in response to L. acidophilus DDS-1 supplementation. Our findings provided the first evidence of the DDS-1-induced gut microbial ecological interactions revealing the complex structure of microbial ecosystems with age.
Diet, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Serum Nutrients in Various Types of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Młynarczyk Maryla , Falkowska Martyna , Micun Zuzanna , Obuchowska Iwona , Kochanowicz Jan , Socha Katarzyna , Konopińska Joanna
Published: February 2022

Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of irreversible vision loss worldwide. It is an insidious disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Despite progress in treatment methods, prevention and lifestyle modifications may be useful in slowing the progression of this disease. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the influence of diet, oxidative stress, and disturbances in blood serum levels of nutrients on the incidence and severity of glaucoma based on scientific reports on the role of nutrition in the pathogenesis and course of glaucoma. This paper presents an analysis of the above issues; however, further research is required to develop this topic. Future clinical trials are needed to assess the influence of nutrition and to develop nutritional management strategies for patients with glaucoma.
Dolutegravir Inhibits Proliferation and Motility of BT-20 Tumor Cells through Inhibition of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type K
Authors: Li Jiayi , Lin John , Lin John Ryan , Farris Mason , Robbins Lauren , Andrada Leo , Grohol Bryce , Nong Serratt , Liu Yingguang
Published: February 2022

Increasing evidence points to the role of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in driving cancer cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of repurposing antiretroviral agents to inhibit ERVs as a new approach in cancer treatment. We found that an integrase strand-transfer inhibitor, dolutegravir (DTG), effectively inhibited the proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines and its antiproliferative potency was positively correlated with the expression levels of the human endogenous retrovirus type K (HERV-K). DTG inhibited the expression of HERV-K in multiple human cancer cell lines and the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) in the murine 4T1 mammary cancer cell line. We chose the fast-growing BT-20 cell line as a model to study the in vitro antiproliferative mechanisms of DTG. BT-20 cells overexpressing both HERV-K env and pol genes became more resistant to DTG than cells transduced with vector alone. Knockdown of HERV-K also increased DTG resistance of BT-20 cells. The antiproliferative effect of DTG correlated with enhanced expression of E-cadherin and reduction in cell motility and invasiveness. Surprisingly, DTG stimulated expression of the env gene of MMTV in vivo and promoted metastasis of 4T1 tumor cells to the lungs. Taken together, our data support a role of ERVs in tumor development and encourage further search for antiretroviral agents to treat malignancies in which endogenous retroviruses are active.
Assessing Scientific Evidence of Singular Historic Events by Bayes Theorem
Authors: Damgaard Christian
Published: February 2022

The typically qualitative treatment of evidence underlying different causal hypotheses that attempt to explain singular historic events is criticized. Instead of using ad hoc qualitative arguments, it is here advocated to use Bayes theorem to assess how well evidence either support or weaken a specific causal hypothesis. It is argued that such a practice will enable scientists who study singular historic events to discuss, compare and aggregate different beliefs in a meaningful way.
On Theory of Names to be Used in Semantics of References in Functional and Object-Oriented Languages
Authors: Adamovich Alexei Igorevich , Klimov Andrei Valentinovich
Published: February 2022

The long-standing problem of adequate formalization of local names in mathematical formulas and semantics of references in object-oriented languages taken on their own without objects, is discussed. Reasons why the existing approaches cannot be considered suitable solutions, are explained. An introduction is given to the relatively recent works on the theories of names and references of the group lead by Andrew Pitts. The concept of referential transparency, in which contextual equivalence is used instead of the usual equality of values, is analyzed. It is the main property, which these theories are based upon: such modified referential transparency is preserved when a purely functional language is extended with names and references as data. An outline of a constructive denotational semantics of the extended functional language is given. It is argued that the modified referential transparency, along with many other valuable properties, can be also preserved for mutable objects that change to a limited extent. This leads to a model of computation between functional and object-oriented ones, allowing for a deterministic parallel implementation.
Wikidata in Metadata Formation Methods for Documents of Digital Mathematical Library
Authors: Elizarov Aleksandr Mikhajlovich , Gafurova Polina Olegovna , Lipachev Evgeny Konstantinovich
Published: February 2022

Methods for the formation of digital collections of a digital mathematical library are presented. With the help of tools for analyzing the structure of documents and their style features, the main set of document metadata has been formed. For each document, this set includes the title of the article, a list of authors, and a list of cited bibliography. To supplement the metadata, methods of extracting knowledge from Wikidata were used. With the help of the developed system of SPARQL-queries, the search and refinement of data on documents of the collections was carried out. In particular, information about the authors of the articles has been added (full spelling of surnames, first names, patronymics in various languages, place of work at the time of writing the article, etc.). In addition, methods are proposed for refining and supplementing bibliographic references given in the articles. When forming metadata of retro collections, a search was made in Wikidata for information about the years of life of authors of articles, URLs of web pages with information about articles and their authors. The results of the several digital collections formation, which are included in the digital library Lobachevskii-DML, are presented.
Reverse Bibliography
Authors: Gorbunov-Possadov Mikhail Mikhailovich
Published: February 2022

A reverse bibliography, i.e. a list of referring publications – is a dynamically compiled list of works published after the publication in question and contained a reference to it. Leading publishers of scientific journals, as a rule, post lists of referring publications on the web pages of their articles. In Russia, the placement of lists of citing publications has not yet become the norm, but it is gradually becoming widespread. The reverse bibliography is extremely interesting to the reader since it allows you to find out in which direction the research presented in the original edition is developing. A traditional bibliography, i.e. an ordinary bibliographic list of references, can successfully exist both in a printed publication and online. In contrast, the list of referring publications is essentially an exclusively online, dynamic structure formed “on the fly” on the screen of an online reader. The list of referring publications always brings the reader a fresh current state of accumulated bibliographic data. Publications appearing on the Internet and indexed in bibliographic databases containing a link to the scientific work in question in their bibliography are reflected here almost immediately. The implementation of the list of referring publications in a number of characteristic projects is considered. The terminology used is discussed.
Algorithm for Searching Experts in Scientometric Systems
Authors: Kozitsyn Aleksandr Sergeevich , Afonin Sergey Alexandrovich , Shachnev Dmitry Alexeevich
Published: February 2022

The use of modern methods of thematic analysis for the analytical processing of large amounts of information is currently used in almost all spheres of human activity. Scientometrics is one such area. Research carried out in this area shows that the statistical characteristics of citation rates are highly dependent on the thematic area of papers at hand. In this regard, systems for calculating citation indicators and constructing assessments of the quality of scientific works, ranks of authors or organizations should take into account the thematic area of researchers in order to normalize scientometric indicators. Many scientometric systems and citation systems use subject headings for information retrieval and processing. The world famous citation systems, including WoS, Scopus, Google Shcolar, and others have such headings. Important practical tasks that can be solved using the methods of thematic classification are: assessment of the dynamics of the development of thematic areas in an organization, in a particular country and in world science as a whole; search for articles on a given topic; search and assessment of the authority of experts; search for journals for publication and other urgent tasks. The authors have created software implementations of algorithms for solving some of the listed problems, and research is being conducted to create new effective mathematical models and algorithms in this area.
Analysis of Patterns for Inheritance Dispute Settlement in the Tradition of Sasak Community in Lombok
Authors: Haji munir Zainal Arifin
Published: February 2022

There are several ways conducted by Muslims in solving the problem of inheritance division in Lombok. This article aimed at looking at several patterns of inheritance dispute resolution in the Lombok people tradition (Sasak community. It is derived from qualitative field research by using both theoretical and empirical legal approaches. The data was obtained using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Lombok people often postpone dividing the inheritance, which eventually causes problems. According to Lombok customary law, postponing inheritance is carried out due to several cultural factors, i.e.:  the existence of the parent (either father or mother), the existence of the heirs, and the condition of the heirs. Apart from these factors, several consequences arise including loss of ownership rights, changes in inheritance portion, loss of inheritance rights, vulnerability to manipulation, and triggering family conflicts. The results indicate that: first, the inheritance land division is conducted in different ways such as grants, discussion, and faraid. Second, factors influencing the land dispute cases are greed and lack of information about the inheritance legal system. Third, revitalization is important because it is ruled out in Islamic teachings and is considered absolute for Islam society. This research concludes that the Islamic Inheritance legal system is the proper method to settle land disputes in the Sasak community.

Keywords: Islamic inheritance, postponing inheritance, settlement of inheritance disputes.