bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ STUDY TIME AT DORMITORY WITH THEIR LEARNING ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN STKIP KRISTEN WAMENA
Authors: Natasian Densi Elisabeth Carolina , Jikwa Yunis
Published: January 2025

This researcher is categorized as correlation research. In this research there are two variables. Variable X is the students’ study time and Variable Y is the students learning academic achievement. The topic in this research is the correlation between the students’ study time at dormitory toward the students’ academic achievement. And then there are two questions namely: 1) Is there any correlation between the students’ study time and their learning academic achievement? 2) How significant is the correlation between the students’ study time and their reading ability? So the researcher had given the some questions by using questionnaire. The searcher has taken the data was at STKIP KW dormitory.
The researcher had counted the distribution scores to see the distribution is normal or not normal. If the distribution score is normal, the researcher uses the formula of person product moment. And then distribution score is not normal, the researcher uses the formula of Carl Spearman rank. The researcher had calculated the distribution of the data using formula of Chi Square (x2) and found that the distribution of study time and learning academic achievement. So the researcher had calculated it with Carl Spearman’s formula and the result was 0,000. Based on the coefficient category, this coefficient level was categorized very low correlation.
Compared to the rs (rho) table, the researcher had found that rs count was 0,000 and rs table was 1,271. So we had known that H0 is accepted if rs count >rs (rho) table; H1 is ejected if rs count <rs (rho) table. So it means H0 accepted meanwhile H1 is rejected. The researcher had concluded that there was low and significant correlation between the study time and their learning academic achievement.
USE OF TIKTOK APP IN ENHACING PAPUAN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ENGLISH SKILLS; A CASE FROM TIMIKA, PAPUA
Authors: Romrome Abel Yohanis
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this research was to find out whether Papuan Junior High School Students have utilized the TikTok app as a social media to enlarge their English Skills, namely writing, listening, and speaking. Besides that, the second aim of this study was to provide the advantages of the TikTok app in learning English. The obtained data were gained from two Junior High Schools, namely SMP N. 1 and SMP N. 3 Timika, Papua. This study employed a mixed method that consisted of quantitative and qualitative. Therefore, a questionnaire and an interview were employed to obtain the data. The questionnaire was distributed to 57 students and interviewed 4 of them. In analyzing the quantitative data, the researcher used SPSS 26.0 to measure the reliability, correlation, and mean and standard deviation scores. After that, the data was tabulated in the form of percentages to analyze them easily. Meanwhile, the qualitative data from the interview was analyzed to support the quantitative data. The findings showed that there was a high correlation between the TikTok app and the development of students’ skills. In addition, the findings showed that the participants have utilized the TikTok app to learn English. Consequently, their speaking, writing, and listening skills regularly developed.
MAKNA PEMBELAJARAN KURIKULUM “LIFEPAC” DALAM PENDIDIKAN SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Tubagus Steven
Published: January 2025

The background of the problem is the lack of understanding of students to master the content in each work unit, causing problems. The purpose of this writing is to describe the meaning of "LIFEPAC" curriculum learning in elementary school education. With text analysis in accordance with the principles of exegesis, to get the meaning contained in the context of the meaning of "LIFEPAC" curriculum learning in elementary school education. The results of the descriptive analysis of Christian religious education learning strategies through the "LIFEPAC" curriculum in schools in elementary school education, namely: first, students are able to answer questions, both students reflect broad knowledge and skills, students are able to apply religious values. Descriptive Meaning of "LIFEPAC" Curriculum Learning in Elementary School Education, namely: First, direct interactive learning. Hands-on learning can help students learn basic skills and acquire information taught by teachers. Character building in students on a quality basis that does not ignore social values ​​such as respecting and setting an example creates a conducive environment, and takes an active role. Third, the Bible. The Bible is God's word. In Christian beliefs, God is known by his actions: God as creator, savior in Jesus Christ, and renewer in the Holy Spirit. through the Bible Providing Christian religious education to children means an effort to guide children to have a right relationship with God based on God's self-declaration in the Bible, which must produce changes in the children.
PROMOTING FIVE KEY COMPONENTS OF SUCCESSFUL COOPERATIVE LEARNING AMONG ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS AT SKIP KRISTEN WAMENA
Authors: Lawalata Reiner JHG
Published: January 2025

There are many ways to help students learn, and one approach is to group them into teams, which is known as cooperative learning. This method ensures that every student in the group can learn, contribute, and receive help academically. To determine whether English students at STKIP Kristen Wamena comprehend and utilize cooperative learning, this research will use qualitative methods, such as interviewing students about their cooperative learning experiences. The goal is to identify any challenges they face and how teachers can effectively implement the five cooperative learning components in their teaching. The responses from the students will serve as a benchmark and guide for teachers to implement cooperative learning successfully in the classroom.
EVALUASI DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN DOKTRIN KRISTEN DENGAN MODEL EVALUASI TUJUAN
Authors: Udau Samuel
Published: January 2025

Students of theological school shoud have proper understanding of doctrine and its application. There is a need for an instructional design for doctrine learning so that the learning objectives can be achieved.  This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the doctrinal instructional design for Dogma 1 course at Simpson Theological School.  The method used is a qualitative research by conducting an assessment based on observations, interviews and document analysis. The data collection method in this study are questionnaires, interviews, observations, tests and documentation. The components of the instructional design are evaluated.  The result of this study shows that the instructional design applied by lecturers has achieved the learning objectives of the course.  Assessments conducted based on the components of the instructional design showed good results.  And the achievement of learning objectives by students not only includes  proper understanding of doctrine but also includes changes in life conduct.
PEMAHAMAN MAHASISWA PGSD TENTANG KONSEP BENCANA ALAM DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Ambarita Yogi Marulitua
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemahaman mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar (PGSD) tentang konsep bencana alam dan penerapannya dalam pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. Bencana alam merupakan fenomena alam yang sering terjadi di wilayah Indonesia, sehingga pemahaman yang baik tentang konsep ini sangat penting bagi calon guru untuk dapat mengintegrasikannya dalam pembelajaran dan memberikan edukasi yang tepat kepada peserta didik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner, dan wawancara. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa PGSD angkatan 2021-2023 yang berjumlah 44 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa PGSD memiliki pemahaman yang sangat baik tentang konsep bencana alam sebesar 52,1%, sementara pada kategori baik sebesar 45,4%, sedangkan kategori cukup 2,5%, namun masih terdapat beberapa kesalahpahaman dalam mengaitkan konsep tersebut dengan materi pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. Upaya peningkatan pemahaman mahasiswa PGSD tentang konsep bencana alam dan penerapannya dalam pembelajaran perlu dilakukan melalui strategi pembelajaran yang inovatif dan pengintegrasian materi secara kontekstual.
Le dispositif « Faits reliés » : développer des habiletés de calcul au service de la résolution de problèmes basiques chez des élèves de 6 à 11 ans
Authors: Reydy Carine
Published: January 2025

Nous décrivons dans cet article un dispositif mathématique à destination d’élèves de 6 à 11 ans qui a été conçu de manière collaborative et dans lequel des tâches de calcul s’articulent avec la résolution régulière de problèmes arithmétiques élémentaires. Les tâches de calcul ont pour objectif de développer chez les élèves des habiletés qui sont mises au service de la résolution des problèmes proposés grâce à une méthode particulière. Nous détaillons le dispositif, puis nous exposons les résultats d’une étude visant à évaluer les premiers effets de son implantation et à déterminer si l’on observe une corrélation entre la mise en place du dispositif et une amélioration des compétences des élèves en résolution de problèmes arithmétiques élémentaires.
Managing conversations about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Perspectives from females living with a late diagnosis
Authors: Khindey Chiana , Keville Saskia , Ludlow Amanda
Published: January 2025

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) remains underidentified, under-diagnosed, and under-treated in females, possibly due to differences in the way ADHD is experienced and the ways in which healthcare professionals communicate and interact with females with ADHD. Aim: This study aimed to explore the diagnostic process and the emotional experience of living with a late diagnosis of ADHD. Methods: Semi-structured interviews of nine females, aged between 23 and 55, were analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Analysis revealed four themes: earlier effects of undiagnosed ADHD; emotional toll of living with ADHD; navigating diagnostic processes and its aftermath; hope and support post-diagnosis. These encapsulated the prediagnosis communication difficulties and emotional toll of managing ADHD. With diagnostic criteria not always encompassing the female experience of ADHD, participants experienced difficulties initially identifying and communicating ADHD-related symptoms, alongside deficits in post-diagnostic support. Conclusions: To improve outcomes and better meet the needs of females with ADHD, consideration must be given to early markers of ADHD which encompass internal experiences of symptoms and how these might be communicated to health professionals. Conversely, professionals offering ADHD-specific postdiagnostic support and signposting ADHD female-specific support groups could enhance wellbeing for females with ADHD.
Use of video surveillance systems for detecting seat belt usage, mobile device usage, or vehicle registration - penalty or prevention
Authors: Macan Siniša , Paunović Slaviša
Published: January 2025

The concept of smart traffic or smart cities involves the use of a large amount of data collected in real-time and processed using available tools. Data is collected from various sources. One common source for traffic control is video or imagery. In many countries, camera systems are installed to monitor traffic, track speed, or oversee intersections. Data is collected and processed in operational centers, allowing for insights into vehicle registration, vehicle speed, and passengers. At the same time, significant risks in traffic arise from the use of mobile phones or smart devices while driving. Furthermore, research indicates that wearing seat belts significantly reduces the risks of traffic accidents. A common occurrence in traffic is that vehicles are unregistered and uninsured. At the same time, the use of video surveillance systems is associated with the protection of privacy and personal data, necessitating the need to find an optimal balance between the right to privacy and the right to a secure environment, including safe participation in public traffic. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility and analyze the use of video surveillance to analyze the use of video surveillance in detecting mobile phone usage and seat belt compliance while driving. The systems for detecting mobile phone usage or seat belt usage during driving can instantly provide information on a prominently displayed screen near the roadside for preventive action. The paper analyzes the use of such systems for prevention purposes, along with an analysis of the potential application of penalties to reduce identified risks in traffic.
Intra-Foot Coordination and Its Variability During Walking in Males With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Watanabe Takahiro , Takabayashi Tomoya , Kikumoto Takanori , Kikuchi Yudai , Kubo Masayoshi
Published: January 2025

Background: Investigating the kinematics of copers, who are individuals with no recurrent ankle sprains, is necessary to prevent the development of chronic ankle instability (CAI). Since the “giving way” of the ankle joint (episodes of excessive inversion of the rearfoot, which do not result in an acute lateral ankle sprain) usually occurs during walking, investigating the intra-foot coordination during walking is necessary. This study aims to identify intra-foot coordination and its variability in copers while walking.

Methods: The study included 12 copers, 13 CAIs, and 10 controls. The participants were required to walk on a treadmill at a fixed speed of 1.3 m/s. Using the modified vector coding technique, the coupling angle between the intra-foot joints, representing inter-joint coordination, was calculated and categorized into four coordination patterns. The coupling angle standard deviation represented the coordination variability during the stance phase.

Results: The coordination between the rearfoot and midfoot in the frontal plane showed a significantly lower proportion of anti-phase with proximal dominance in the coper group than in the CAI and control groups during mid-stance (p < .05). Regarding coordination between the midfoot and forefoot in the sagittal plane, the coper group also showed a significantly lower proportion of in-phase coordination with distal dominancy than the CAI group during mid-stance (p < .05). For coordination between the midfoot and forefoot in the frontal plane, the coper group also showed a significantly lower proportion of anti-phase with distal dominance than the CAI group during the late stance (p < .05).The coordination variability between the sagittal midfoot and forefoot in the coper group was significantly lower than that in the CAI group and similar to that in the control group during mid-stance (p < .050).

Conclusions: These differences may explain why copers do not experience ankle sprain recurrence.
T3SS translocon induces pyroptosis by direct interaction with NLRC4/NAIP inflammasome
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhu Hanshuo , Li Jinqian , Xu Hang , Sun Li
Published: January 2025

Type III secretion system (T3SS) is a virulence apparatus existing in many bacterial pathogens. Structurally, T3SS consists of the base, needle, tip, and translocon. The NLRC4 inflammasome is the major receptor for T3SS needle and basal rod proteins. Whether other T3SS components are recognized by NLRC4 is unclear. In this study, using
Edwardsiella tarda
as a model intracellular pathogen, we examined T3SS−inflammasome interaction and its effect on cell death.
E. tarda
induced pyroptosis in a manner that required the bacterial translocon and the host inflammasome proteins of NLRC4, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1/4. The translocon protein EseB triggered NLRC4/NAIP-mediated pyroptosis by binding NAIP via its C-terminal region, particularly the terminal 6 residues (T6R). EseB homologs exist widely in T3SS-positive bacteria and share high identities in T6R. Like
E. tarda
EseB, all of the representatives of the EseB homologs exhibited T6R-dependent NLRC4 activation ability. Together these results revealed the function and molecular mechanism of EseB to induce host cell pyroptosis and suggested a highly conserved inflammasome-activation mechanism of T3SS translocon in bacterial pathogens.
Caracterización sectorial y de género de los Influenciadores de Medios Sociales en X
Authors: Muñoz Martos María del Mar , Rojas-de-Gracia María-Mercedes
Published: January 2025

Para llevar a cabo campañas de comunicación de marketing de influenciadores es necesario estudiar su idoneidad y la de la red social a utilizar. Esta investigación pretende poner de manifiesto la caracterización de X (anteriormente Twitter) en función del sector de actividad y el género de los influenciadores de medios sociales (SMI, por su sigla en inglés) tan exitosos que pueden considerarse celebridades. Para ello, se analizó la presencia y el engagement de 60 SMI españoles, recopilando los últimos 3200 tuits originales de cada influenciador. El análisis de la presencia por sector y género se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva. Para estudiar el engagement se utilizó el índice compuesto calculado en Muñoz y sus colegas (2022), obtenido mediante el método multicriterio TOPSIS, a partir del cual se han estudiado las diferencias de sector y género. Los principales resultados indican que los sectores con mayor presencia en X son el tecnológico, el de negocios y, en menor medida, el de videojuegos. Este último es el que consigue mayores niveles de engagement. Sin embargo, este no viene condicionado solo por el sector de experiencia del SMI, sino que depende en gran medida de su personalidad. En cuanto el género, es principalmente masculino, que también es el que consigue un mayor engagement. Estos resultados hacen de X una red especialmente adecuada para promocionar productos relacionados con el sector de videojuegos y aquellos destinados al público de género masculino.
Juguetes con propósito: valores de inclusión y diversidad en las marcas dirigidas al público infantil. Análisis de su impacto y proyección social
Authors: García-Estévez Noelia
Published: January 2025

Este artículo analiza cómo las marcas de juguetes dirigidas al público infantil integran los valores de inclusión y diversidad en su estrategia de producción y comunicación. Se evalúa además la cobertura periodística de estas iniciativas y se investiga la percepción de los compradores. Adoptamos una metodología empírico-analítica mediante el estudio de casos de seis marcas y una encuesta realizada a 316 participantes. Los principales resultados muestran que estas marcas han aumentado su enfoque en la representación de personas con discapacidad y en la inclusión racial y de género. Se concluye que las marcas de juguetes están respondiendo a la demanda de inclusión y diversidad en el mercado infantil, cuya relevancia social se plasma en su amplia cobertura mediática.
Series de ficción iberoamericana en Netflix: Radiografía de un espacio audiovisual
Authors: Higueras-Ruiz María-José , Baldi Vania
Published: January 2025

En el panorama televisivo contemporáneo, la producción de series de ficción en mercados periféricos y la distribución internacional del contenido local a través del servicio de streaming de Netflix aumenta la potencialidad del mercado audiovisual iberoamericano. Esta investigación busca examinar las series de ficción original de Netflix en Iberoamérica durante el periodo postpandemia con una perspectiva transnacional. Para ello, desde el alcance de los estudios televisivos y los nuevos medios, se aplica una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis documental de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Los resultados permiten cuantificar y comparar la producción y coproducción de ficción seriada y su evolución (2020-2023), determinar las características de producción y narrativas de los proyectos producidos en 2023, y conocer su recepción, popularidad y viajabilidad entre países dentro y fuera de Iberoamérica. Se constata un crecimiento constante pero heterogéneo de estas series en el mercado iberoamericano, con diferentes grados de inversión y recepción de los proyectos de los distintos países. No obstante, el conjunto de las producciones responde a un formato y a un género reiterativos, un consumo modesto en términos generales y una penetración patente, especialmente en los países de Iberoamérica.
La comunicación en los eventos ecuestres: análisis de la publicidad previa, la retransmisión y su cobertura posterior
Authors: Alabart-Algueró Júlia , Gutiérrez-Aragón Óscar , Cuenca-Fontbona Joan , Fondevila-Gascón Joan-Francesc
Published: January 2025

Las estrategias y las herramientas de comunicación en el ámbito deportivo tienen un gran potencial para promover los eventos y ampliar su alcance, permitiendo contribuir así a aumentar la popularidad de cada deporte. En el caso concreto del deporte ecuestre en España, aun siendo minoritario, se desarrollan eventos de forma muy frecuente. El objetivo principal de este estudio consiste en analizar la percepción de los grupos de interés del sector en cuanto a las estrategias comunicativas previas y posteriores a la realización de los eventos hípicos. Para la consecución del objetivo anteriormente descrito se ha empleado una combinación de metodologías de análisis cuantitativo (a partir de los datos de una encuesta) y cualitativo (sobre los resultados de entrevistas semiestructuradas y un focus group que se llevaron a cabo a distintos miembros profesionales de gran relevancia en el sector ecuestre español de los grupos de interés). Los resultados revelan que, aunque las personas más jóvenes y quienes participan de forma profesional suelen estar más satisfechos con respecto a la publicidad previa y la cobertura posterior de los eventos hípicos, la satisfacción general es baja. Se concluye que resulta necesario que el sector ecuestre implemente mejoras que incrementen la eficiencia de sus campañas comunicativas.
Evaluation of the Family Hope Programme Implementation in Improving Community Welfare in Tibawa Sub-District of Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Junus Sri Yusnita S. , Wantu Sastro Mustapa , Nani Yacob Noho
Published: January 2025

Poverty is a complex social problem and continues to be a concern, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. This study aims to determine the implementation of the policy to improve community welfare through the Family Hope Program in Tibawa Sub-district, Gorontalo Regency. This research was conducted in Tibawa Sub-district of Gorontalo Regency with the main locus at the Social Service Office of Gorontalo Regency. The method and approach used in this research is qualitative. Data collection was conducted using interview, observation, and documentation study techniques. Interviews were conducted with the community, extension workers and relevant agencies. Data analysis techniques in this study were carried out by data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing/verification. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the aspects of communication, resources and bureaucratic structure are considered not running optimally. While the disposition aspect has been running well. Based on the results obtained, it is necessary to improve several aspects to improve performance towards the optimal implementation of the family hope program. Mainly on the implementation of socialization regarding the terms and conditions of beneficiaries and improving facilities and infrastructure for program implementation.
Germination and Growth of Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev. under Different Proportions of Potting Soil and Different Water Regimes
Authors: Diémé Joseph Saturnin , Diatta Oulimata , Camara Boubacar , Ngom Daouda
Published: January 2025

Faidherbia albida is an economically important forest tree species mostly used in agroforestry systems. The species is heavily threatened with livestock feed, and studies about its regeneration are scares. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the species F. albida production techniques, specifically by investigating the best pre-treatments for lifting the dormancy of seeds and the best suited substrate and water regime to the growth and development of seedlings. An experimental study as regards germination of seeds in the laboratory, and assessment of growth parameters through irrigation regime and type of substrate in nursery was carried out. A split-plot experimental design was used for seed germination rates i.e. five pre-treatments (98% acid, 75%, 50%, 10% and H2O) with four repetitions each. Afterwards, the 98% and 75% acid concentrations were used for the remaining study. A randomized complete block design with three blocks and nine plots was established in a nursery to assess the growth variables. The highest germination rates were noted with sulfuric acid doses of 98% and 75% with respective rates of 100% and 43.75%. Significant differences in growth parameters were observed among treatments, and the treatment that consisted of 100% potting soil and watering once every two days showed the best growth for all assessed growth parameters (height, number of leaves and number of spines) except for root length. This study supports that suitable pre-treatment is needed to lift seeds dormancy in F. albida, as well as suitable substrate and water regime are required for seedlings growth and development.
Synthesis, Characterization, Herbicidal Activities and In silico Studies of Some Highly Functionalized Oxazolone Derivatives
Authors: Rashmi  , Juyal Vijay Kumar , Thakuri Shweta Chand , Sagar Aashish Kumar , Siddhartha Aniruddha , Nand Viveka
Published: January 2025

Oxazolones, commonly referred to as azlactones, represent a versatile class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds characterized by the presence of nitrogen and oxygen as heteroatoms. The biological activities of oxazolone are primarily associated with modifications at the C-2 and C-4 positions. These compounds have been widely investigated for their herbicidal properties, which arise from their ability to inhibit specific enzymes essential for plant growth and development, ultimately causing weed suppression and death. A series of highly functionalized oxazolone derivatives were synthesized and characterized using techniques such as ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, elemental analysis, FT-IR, and mass spectrometry. Their herbicidal activities were assessed in vitro against sterilized seeds of Raphanus sativus at varying concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm). The ligand exhibited a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 61.88 ± 4.71, indicating notably higher pre-emergent herbicidal activity compared to its –methoxy and –nitro analogs, which displayed IC₅₀ values of 67.29 ± 4.71 and 70.03 ± 4.71, respectively. The results demonstrated that the herbicidal performance of the oxazolone derivative was superior to its –nitro and –methoxy counterparts but less effective compared to the standard herbicide pendimethalin. Additionally, in silico studies were conducted using PROTOX-II software and the SwissADME predictor to evaluate toxicity and herbicide-likeness. The compounds exhibited promising results in both in vitro and in silico analyses, highlighting the potential for further modification and exploration of oxazolone derivatives as potent herbicides.
Clinical Characteristics of Erythema Nodosum and Associations With Chronicity and Recurrence
Authors: Shah Jill T. , Richardson William Mark , Caplan Avrom S. , Mazori Daniel R. , Femia Alisa N.
Published: January 2024

This cohort study characterizes the presentation, causes, treatment, and disease course of erythema nodosum, as well as identifies associations with chronicity and recurrence.
Maternal Prenatal Infections and Biliary Atresia in Offspring
Authors: Wang Wei-Hao , Chiu Fang-Yu , Kuo Tzu-Tung , Shao Yu-Hsuan Joni
Published: January 2024

Importance

Investigations into the association of antepartum maternal infections with the pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA) in human offspring are insufficient.

Objective

To examine the association between prenatal infections in mothers and the development of BA in their offspring.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based case-control study obtained administrative data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database with linkage to the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database, capturing demographic and medical information on nearly all 23 million of the Taiwan population. The cohort comprised 2 905 978 singleton live births among mother-infant dyads between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2020, in Taiwan. The case group of infants with BA was identified from use of International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes for BA and subsequent Kasai procedure or liver transplant. The control group was randomly selected from infants without BA, representing approximately 1 in 1000 study population. Data analyses were performed from May 1 to October 31, 2023.

Exposure

Prenatal maternal infections, including intestinal infection, influenza, upper airway infection, pneumonia, soft-tissue infection, and genitourinary tract infection.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was exposure to prenatal maternal infections. Inverse probability weighting analysis was performed by building a logistic regression model to estimate the probability of the exposure observed for a particular infant and using the estimated probability as a weight in subsequent analyses. The weighted odds ratio (OR) estimated by logistic regressions was then used to assess the risk of BA in offspring after prenatal maternal infections.

Results

Among the mother-infant dyads included, 447 infants with BA were cases (232 females [51.9%]) and 2912 infants without BA were controls (1514 males [52.0%]). The mean (SD) maternal age at childbirth was 30.7 (4.9) years. Offspring exposed to prenatal intestinal infection (weighted OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.17-1.82) and genitourinary tract infection (weighted OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05-1.41) in mothers exhibited a significantly higher risk of BA. Furthermore, maternal intestinal infection (weighted OR, 6.05; 95% CI, 3.80-9.63) and genitourinary tract infection (weighted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.13-2.11) that occurred during the third trimester were associated with an increased risk of BA in offspring.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this case-control study indicate an association between prenatal intestinal infection and genitourinary tract infection in mothers and BA occurrence in their offspring. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms of this association.
The Rapidly Shifting Ketamine Landscape in the US
Authors: Wilkinson Samuel T. , Palamar Joseph J. , Sanacora Gerard
Published: January 2024

This Viewpoint discusses changes in the use of ketamine as a medical therapeutic and a recreational substance, the potential risks of use, and the need for increased research and surveillance.
Practical Guide to Common Flaws With Surgical Education Research
Authors: Stefanidis Dimitrios , Torbeck Laura , Kaji Amy H.
Published: January 2024

This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides an overview of common flaws with surgical education research, including how to recognize and avoid them.
Practical Guide to Ethics in Surgical Education Research
Authors: Awad Michael M. , Kaji Amy H. , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: January 2024

This Guide to Statistics and Methods describes ethical considerations when a study population includes learner participants.
The Super Tough Saddle of Mantis Shrimp Derived from Strain Transformation Between Helical Fibers and Interlaminar Fibrils
Authors: Zhang Binjie , Peng Xianchang , Mu Zhengzhi , Niu Shichao , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan
Published: January 2024

Mantis shrimps deliver one of the fastest strikes with their powerful dactyl clubs. The kinematic energy derived by a saddle storing and releasing mechanical energy with large deformation. As an exoskeleton, the toughness of saddles can achieve a remarkable value ≈15.28 ± 2.32 MJ m−3, which exceeds most bulk natural materials. The excellent toughness of saddles is mainly attributed to the synergy of the helical mineralized fiber architectures and interlaminar fibrils. The interlaminar fibrils connect adjacent mineralized fiber layers closely, enhancing the toughness through viscoelastic deformation during sliding and separating of adjacent layers. They further cooperate with rigid interlacing fiber structure induced by helical structure to transform little normal strain to large shear strain utilizing incompressibility of soft fibrils further to enhance strain energy for toughening. Inspired by unique laminated saddles, the laminate composites are designed with basalt fabrics achieving remarkable fracture toughness to solve the problem of delamination in traditional laminate composites with poor interlaminar toughness. The Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of bio‐inspired laminate composites respectively increase by 44% and 118% reaching 906.8 and 1394.6 J m−2, which provides an innovative bionic strategy for designing new generation structural engineering materials with excellent mechanical properties.
Recent Advances and Prospects of Solution‐Processed Efficient Sb2S3 Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Junwei , Li Gaoyang , Xu Zhiheng , Xu Chenchen , Naveed Faisal , Liu Bo , Zhang Yan , Zhou Ru , Chen Chong , Wang Mingtai , Xu Jun , Li Liang
Published: January 2024

Solar cells comprising earth‐abundant and non‐toxic elements with applicable bandgaps and high absorption coefficients have attracted considerable interest over the past several decades and are important devices for addressing the future demand for clean and renewable energy. Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) crystal material effectively meets these requirements owing to its suitable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, high electron and hole mobilities, earth abundance, and excellent stability. Solution‐processed Sb2S3 films are essential to facilitate the fabrication of low‐cost, large‐scale, and high‐efficiency photovoltaic devices, but suffer from several shortcomings of large intrinsic defects, high interfacial barrier, and atomic mismatch, uncontrollable film thickness, and crystal orientation. In this review, a systematic overview of the fundamental properties of solution‐processed Sb2S3 materials is presented, and then interface engineering, defect passivation and control strategies, crystal orientation and modulation methods, device structure, and the performance of Sb2S3 solar cells are focused, highlighting the primary advancements and major challenges based on this technology. Finally, several creative perspectives and constructive innovation strategies for future research on Sb2S3 photovoltaic devices are provided, indicating a roadmap for the practical application of other inorganic semiconductor heterojunction thin film solar cells.
Odd‐Stoichiometry and Secondary Phase Relations in Higher Manganese Silicides
Authors: Chauhan Nagendra Singh , Sara Shivalingam Goud , Bhattacharya Amrita , Mori Takao , Miyazaki Yuzuru
Published: January 2024

Higher manganese silicides (denoted as MnSiγ) are a prominent class of intermetallic compound for thermoelectric applications that crystallizes into a Nowotny Chimney Ladder (NCL) phase and constitutes a higher concentration of silicon with odd stoichiometry, typically represented by an irrational number. In this work, the genesis of Si odd stoichiometry and secondary phase relations in silicon‐rich and silicon‐deficient MnSix is presented to clarify the significance of labile (i.e., easily alterable) Si‐subsystem in inheriting the modulated lattice structure with characteristic anharmonicity. The transport properties show an interrelation to the presence of a secondary phase, which is driven by the odd stoichiometry, where the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) is found to be optimal for MnSi1.74. The structural characterization of rapidly solidified melt‐spun ribbons and spark plasma sintered bulk specimens reveal a characteristic presence of MnSi and Si as secondary phases in Si‐deficient (x ≈ 1.5) and Si‐excess (x ≈ 2) compositions of nominal MnSix, respectively, that coexists with the major MnSiγ based NCL phase. This study provides the fundamental basis of phase evolution and the relevance of odd stoichiometry in silicon‐rich manganese silicides which exhibit fascinating phonon dynamics in optimal MnSi1.74 stoichiometry.
Endogenous Nitric Oxide Releases In Situ for RNS/ROS Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xu Zichuang , Luo Qingzhi , He Yaqian , He Yuchu , Zhang Xuwu , Wang Jing , Ni Song , Gao Dawei , Wang Desong
Published: January 2024

Gas therapy, represented by nitric oxide (NO), has shown a powerful anti‐tumor effect. However, current NO therapy relies on NO precursors, which are often released prematurely during in vivo delivery, resulting in poor targeting and obvious toxic side effects. Herein, a core/shell‐structured nanocatalyst is designed and prepared to catalyze the generation of NO in tumor without introduction of NO donor. In this system, C‐Z@CM is prepared by coating the octahedron of Cu‐MOF with a nano‐ZnO, and camouflaging homologous tumor cell membrane. After the nanomedicine is taken up by tumor cells, ZnO reacts in situ with endogenous S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), which is highly expressed in tumors, to continuously and stably generate NO. In addition, the dispersed copper ions in C‐Z@CM acts as the catalytic active centers of the Fenton‐like reaction, which catalyzes H2O2 to generate a large number of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Importantly, the cascade of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to the massive production of more lethal reactive nitrogen species (RNS), further enhancing the therapeutic effect. Catalytic production of high concentrations of NO in situ in the tumor, combined with the cascade generation of ROS and RNS, accompanied by glutathione (GSH) depletion, achieving effective tumor suppression.
Influence of Primary Particle Morphology and Hydrophilicity of Carbon Matrix on Electrode Coating Quality and Performance of Practical High‐Energy‐Density Li–S Batteries
Authors: Li Shanglin , Chen Zhaoyue , Yamamoto Kentaro , Watanabe Toshiki , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Mori Yuki , Inoue Gen , Ohuchi Kazuya , Inagaki Satoshi , Ueno Kazuhide , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi
Published: January 2024

Li–S batteries have attracted attention as the next‐generation secondary batteries. While substantial progress is made in understanding Li–S chemistry at a fundamental level, only a limited number of studies are dedicated to achieving high energy density at the practical pouch cell level. The challenge lies in attaining high‐energy‐density Li–S batteries under harsh conditions, which involve a minimal amount of electrolyte and a relatively high areal S‐loading cathode. This discrepancy creates a substantial gap between fundamental material research and comprehensive cell‐level investigations. In this study, it is investigated how the morphology and properties of two carbon materials, namely Ketjen black (KB) and mesoporous carbon nano‐dendrites (MCND), influence the composite cathode architecture and determine the performance of Li–S batteries. Unlike KB, MCND allows for a higher sulfur‐loading cathode without evident cracks in the composite cathode. This achievement can be attributed to the high porosity, excellent wettability, and high conductivity exhibited during an identical electrode preparation procedure. Furthermore, large‐format Li–S pouch cells incorporating MCND/S cathodes are successfully fabricated. These cells demonstrate an energy density surpassing 250 Wh kg−1 and an initial discharge capacity of 3.7 Ah under challenging conditions (S‐loading > 5 mg cm−2 and E/S < 3.5 µL mg−1).
A High Throughput Tunable Filter Module for Multispectral Imaging
Authors: Chen Xiao , Guo Tingbiao , Lin Zijian , Xu Xinan , Zhang Zhi , Wang Nan , He Sailing
Published: January 2024

Tunable filters are vital not only for dynamic display but also in the miniaturized spectral imaging system. Yet, the present tunable devices possess low optical throughput, bulky volume, slow response, or complex configuration. In this paper, the study proposed and experimentally demonstrated a compact tunable filter module based on metagratings combined with liquid crystals (LC). By the synergetic effect between the birefringent LC and the dichroic metagratings, the module possesses distinct transmissive features by electrically tuning the LC material, resulting from the polarization interference effect. A simple nanoimprinting method, which is suitable for the mass production of nanostructures is adopted for low‐cost fabrication. These unique features endow the present tunable filter module with low cost, high optical throughput, and compact volume. As a proof of concept, a multispectral imager is built with this filter based on a commercial microscope. Experimental results show the system response is five times higher in optical throughput across the whole visible region than the traditional liquid crystal tunable filter and the signal‐to‐noise ratio can be improved by 7 dB. Considering the feasibility of nanoimprinting, this module paves the way for spectral imaging in low‐light conditions and on‐site scenarios such as tongue diagnosis and food quality inspection.
Asymmetric Construction of Substituted Purine Esters with Tunable N‐9/N‐7 Regioselectivity via Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Liu Changming , Han Maochun , Li Xinyu , Hu Lei
Published: January 2024

We report an enzyme‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution protocol for the one‐pot asymmetric synthesis of substituted purine derivatives. The controllable N‐9/N‐7 substitution, which posed formidable challenges in organic synthesis, could be accomplished by choosing different types of enzymes as catalysts. This method was proved scalable and was used to prepare a series of prodrugs of medicinally active acids. In addition, the recyclability test of the biocatalysts indicated the potential of this strategy for applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Lithium‐Ion Accelerated Regulators by Locally‐Zwitterionic Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets
Authors: Jiang Guoxing , Zou Wenwu , Zhang Weifeng , Ou Zhaoyuan , Qi Shengguang , Ma Tongmei , Cui Zhiming , Liang Zhenxing , Du Li
Published: January 2024

Rational regulation of the Li‐ion (Li+) migration behaviors and charge distribution at the electrolyte–electrode interface is of great significance in pursuit of high‐performance lithium metal battery (LMB) chemistry. Herein, unique locally‐zwitterionic covalent organic framework nanosheets (ziCOFNs) are developed as Li+ accelerated regulators, whose functions include not only kinetics‐boosted Li+ migration but also induces uniform charge distribution in LMBs. The zwitterions act as “dissociation enhancers” to trigger efficient Li+ desolvation, while the abundant ─COO− units within the nanopores favor rapid Li+ diffusion. In addition, the ordered ionic skeleton dynamically homogenizes the interfacial charge, thereby inhibiting Li dendrite growth and stabilizing the Li‐interface chemistry. When implemented as a functional interlayer in the cell configuration, ziCOFNs display ultrahigh transfer number (0.84) and ionic conductivity beyond 4.5 mS cm−1. With such a layer, stable Li plating/stripping (over 6500 h) at 3 mA cm−2 in symmetric cells, and superior long‐term cycle performance in high‐loading LiFePO4 (9.4 mg cm−2) full cells are achieved. Detailed experimental characterizations combined with theoretical calculations elucidate the mechanism of the zwitterionic framework tuning Li+ migration behaviors. This work is anticipated to shed fresh light on the exploration of zwitterionic crystalline materials in next‐generation LMBs.
Association of mild and complex multimorbidity with structural brain changes in older adults: A population‐based study
Authors: Valletta Martina , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Calderón‐Larrañaga Amaia , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Canevelli Marco , Marengoni Alessandra , Laukka Erika J , Grande Giulia
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION

We quantified the association of mild (ie, involving one or two body systems) and complex (ie, involving ≥3 systems) multimorbidity with structural brain changes in older adults.

METHODS

We included 390 dementia‐free participants aged 60+ from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after 3 and/or 6 years. Using linear mixed models, we estimated the association between multimorbidity and changes in total brain tissue, ventricular, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensities volumes.

RESULTS

Compared to non‐multimorbid participants, those with complex multimorbidity showed the steepest reduction in total brain (β*time −0.03, 95% CI −0.05, −0.01) and hippocampal (β*time −0.05, 95% CI −0.08, −0.03) volumes, the greatest ventricular enlargement (β*time 0.03, 95% CI 0.01, 0.05), and the fastest white matter hyperintensities accumulation (β*time 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.07).

DISCUSSION

Multimorbidity, particularly when involving multiple body systems, is associated with accelerated structural brain changes, involving both neurodegeneration and vascular pathology.

Highlights

Multimorbidity accelerates structural brain changes in cognitively intact older adults

These brain changes encompass both neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular pathology

The complexity of multimorbidity is associated with the rate of brain changes’ progression
Characterization and comparative evaluation of polysulfone and polypropylene hollow fiber membranes for blood oxygenators
Authors: Teber Oğuz Orhun , Altinay Ayşegül Derya , Naziri Mehrabani Seyed Ali , Zeytuncu Bihter , Ateş‐Genceli Esra , Dulekgurgen Ebru , Gölcez Tansu , Yıldız Yahya , Pekkan Kerem , Koyuncu İsmail
Published: January 2024

Blood oxygenators are used to saturate oxygen levels and remove carbon dioxide from the body during cardiopulmonary bypass. Although the natural lung is hydrophilic, commercially used oxygenator materials are hydrophobic. Surface hydrophobicity weakens blood compatibility, as long‐term contact with the blood environment may lead to different degrees of blood activity. Polysulfone may be considered an alternative hydrophilic material in the design of oxygenators. Therefore, it may be directed toward developing hydrophilic membranes. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of achieving blood gas transfer with a polysulfone‐based microporous hollow fiber membrane and compare it with the commercially available polypropylene membranes. Structural differences in the membrane morphology, surface hydrophilicity, tortuosity, mass transfer rate, and material properties under different operation conditions of temperature and flow rates are reported. The polysulfone membrane has a water contact angle of 81.3°, whereas a commercial polypropylene membrane is 94.5°. The mass transfer resistances (s/m) for the polysulfone and polypropylene membranes are calculated to be 4.8 × 104 and 1.5 × 104 at 25°C, respectively. The module made of polysulfone was placed in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit in parallel with the commercial oxygenator, and pH, pO2, pCO2 levels, and metabolic activity were measured in blood samples.