bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vortex shedding from a square cylinder interacting with an undular bore wave train
Authors: Barraud C. , Hernández R. H.
Published: April 2024

In this work, we studied the wave-induced vortex generation and shedding from a semi-submerged vertical square cylinder interacting with an upcoming undular bore wave train under a shallow water configuration. This unsteady and rapid process was investigated by means of numerical and experimental approaches. A numerical simulation, solving the full turbulent viscous Navier–Stokes equations, was carried out in order to study and characterize both the undular bore wave properties and the vortex dynamics triggered during this unsteady interaction. Starting with fluid at rest, the undular bore was generated by the impulsive translational motion of a piston wavemaker at laboratory scale in both a numerical and an experimental wave tank. When the undular bore impinges on the cylinder, filamentary vortex structures were formed at the four cylinder's edges synchronized with the propagating wave motion, leading to the vortex shedding phenomena at a frequency that matched the wave instantaneous frequency. These vortices extended along the entire cylinder span under the water column, from the free surface to the seabed. At the trailing edge of the cylinder, a pairing process of two shed vortices was observed, similar to a Lamb–Oseen vortex pair. These vortices were present during the whole undular bore wave train dynamic forcing. An overall agreement was found with the experimental version of the bore–cylinder interaction, carried out in a physical wave tank. Laser sheet bore profiling and particle image velocimetry measurements of the velocity field confirmed undular bore properties, the onset of vortex formation, subsequent shedding, and pairing in the experiments performed in similar conditions with the numerical approach.
Air-lift characteristics of rock core mass in gas–liquid–solid mixed flow
Authors: Hou Ziyang , Liu Yongsheng , Yang Gansheng , Xia Jianxin
Published: April 2024

The air-lift reverse circulation drilling method enables efficient and continuous core extraction. However, the flow characteristics of gas–liquid–solid mixtures during core mass transport are complex, and developing a model to predict performance remains challenging. The flow characteristics of gas–liquid–solid mixtures inside the drill pipe are numerically analyzed by calculating the mixing transport of the core during the airlift process. By solving the momentum equations for multiphase flow, the distribution of physical quantities of three phases and pressure along the depth was calculated, and the laws of influence of the operating parameters on the transport characteristics of the core were analyzed. The results show that the drilling performance is related to the geometric parameters of the pipe and core, drilling speed, and depth. When the submergence ratio is increased to 0.9, the maximum liquid-phase superficial velocity is increased by 109% compared with that when the submergence ratio is 0.6. The size of the annular space gap 67 formed between the core and the pipe wall is the key to the core's mechanical properties, and the differential pressure gradient force increases with increasing core diameter. An increase in well depth reduces the fluid flow. In addition, increasing the pipe diameter improves drilling performance due to reduced friction losses, which elevates the air flow rate required for air-lift reverse circulation operation.
Design and thermodynamic analysis to avoid preheating in gas grid pressure reduction stations
Authors: Rajhi Wajdi , Basem Ali , Shaker Khitam Salim , Sharma Kamal , Jasim Dheyaa J. , Aich Walid , Ayadi Badreddine , Alayi Reza
Published: April 2024

Paying close attention to the environmental risks associated with traditional forms of energy, particularly the serious issue of global warming caused by the release and concentration of greenhouse gases, has become a paramount concern. This growing awareness has prompted governments worldwide to prioritize the benefits of alternative energy sources and develop comprehensive plans accordingly. Moreover, it is crucial to thoroughly consider and explore existing potentials in our quest for sustainable energy solutions. One such potential lies in the energy loss experienced due to gas pressure reduction in urban gas reduction stations. Furthermore, as we increase the amount of natural gas preheating, we observe a corresponding rise in the temperature within the expansion turbine, ultimately resulting in a significant boost in power generation. In this paper, we delve into the exciting possibility of harnessing electricity generation by utilizing a turbo expander within a municipal gas pressure reduction station. To maximize the work generation capacity, we propose preheating the gas input to the turbo expander using geothermal energy. Our study reveals that the turbo expander exhibits optimal performance, boasting an impressive isentropic efficiency of 92.3%, when the inlet temperature is maintained at 84 °C and the amount of preheating reaches 192.3 kJ/kg.
Large electrocaloric effect near room temperature induced by domain switching in ferroelectric nanocomposites
Authors: Yu Zeqing , Hou Xu , Zheng Sizheng , Bin Chengwen , Wang Jie
Published: April 2024

The solid-state refrigeration technique based on the electrocaloric effect (ECE) of ferroelectric materials has been regarded as a promising alternative to vapor compression systems due to its advantages of high efficiency and easy miniaturization. However, the small adiabatic temperature change (ATC) and narrow operating temperature range of ferroelectric materials are key obstacles for their practical applications of ECE refrigeration. To improve the ECE performance of ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) [P(VDF-TrFE)], PbZr1−xTixO3 (PZT) nanoparticles with larger polarization is herein introduced to form ferroelectric nanocomposites. The phase-field simulation is employed to investigate the dynamic hysteresis loops and corresponding domain evolution of the ferroelectric nanocomposites. The temperature-dependent ATC values are calculated using the indirect method based on the Maxwell relation. The appearance of the double hysteresis loop is observed in P(VDF-TrFE) nanocomposite filled with PbZr0.1Ti0.9O3 nanoparticles [P(VDF-TrFE)–PZT0.9], which is mainly caused by a microscopic domain transition from single domain to polar vortex. Compared to the P(VDF-TrFE), enhanced ATC values associated with the domain transition are unveiled in P(VDF-TrFE)–PZT0.9, and the temperature range of excellent ECE is also effectively broadened. In addition, as the component x of filled PZT nanoparticles increases to cross the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), the maximum ATC value shows a significant increase. The results presented in this work not only explain the mechanism of domain transition induced excellent ECE in the P(VDF-TrFE)–PZT nanocomposite, but also stimulate future studies on enhancing ECE of P(VDF-TrFE) by introducing ferroelectric nanofillers.
Noncollinear electro-optic detection of terahertz waves: Advantages and limitations
Authors: Kurnikov M. A. , Bakunov M. I.
Published: April 2024

Electro-optic sampling of terahertz waves by noncollinearly propagating femtosecond laser pulses in electro-optic crystals can provide high efficiency and high spectral resolution of terahertz detection with various types of crystals and laser wavelengths, unlike the conventional collinear scheme. We develop an analytical theory of noncollinear electro-optic sampling detection technique that describes the modulation of the probe laser beam polarization as a result of nonlinear interaction between the optical and terahertz fields. The theory accounts for finite widths of the terahertz and probe beams. It is found that noncollinear scheme operates as a low-pass terahertz filter with the frequency cut-off determined by the width of the probe beam and the crossing angle of the terahertz and probe beams. We apply the theory to two practical situations: sampling of terahertz waves by fiber laser pulses (1.55 μm wavelength) in a GaAs crystal and sampling by Ti:sapphire laser pulses (800 nm wavelength) in a LiNbO3 crystal.
Bond dissociation energy of O2 measured by fully state-to-state resolved threshold fragment yield spectra
Authors: Wang Peng , Gong Shiyan , Mo Yuxiang
Published: April 2024

We have determined the bond dissociation energy of O2 by measuring fully state-to-state resolved threshold fragment yield spectra in the XUV energy region, O2X3Σg−,N″,J″→O(PJ3)+O(S1o3)/O(S2o5). Our results have yielded a bond dissociation energy value of 41 269.19 ± 0.10 cm−1, which is consistent with previous measurements but exhibits a significantly lower uncertainty, approximately five times smaller. It is noteworthy that this study is the first to simultaneously achieve fine structure state resolution for the parent O2 molecule and spin–orbit state resolution for the O(3PJ) fragments in the measurement of O2 bond dissociation energy. As a result, our findings have established a solid foundation for the obtained data.
Interfacial second harmonic generation switching with 2D monolayer/VO2 heterostructure
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wang Tianjie , Li Liang , Wang Min , Xie Jiaxin , Chang Jianhua , Zou Chongwen , Qi Zeming , Cui Qiannan
Published: April 2024

To establish a facile nonlinear optical switching mechanism activated by thermal field, that is compatible with on-chip integration, we develop a physical model to quantify the interfacial second harmonic generation (SHG) of 2D monolayer/3D phase-changing material heterostructure. Our results show that heat-induced phase transition of VO2 can realize temperature-reversible interfacial SHG switching, with an ON-OFF ratio of about 3 and a low temperature threshold of about 60 °C. Experimental results can be well addressed by quantitative calculations based on the physical model. This work constitutes substantial insights into interfacial SHG switching, which will benefit design and construction of on-chip nonlinear optical devices based on 2D monolayers.
Responses to lead stress in Scrophularia striata: insights into antioxidative defence mechanisms and changes in flavonoids profile
Authors: Danaeipour Reyhaneh , Sharifi Mohsen , Noori Azam
Published: April 2024

Lead (Pb) induces oxidative stress in plants, which results in different responses, including the production of antioxidants and changes in the profile of secondary metabolites. In this study, the responses of Scrophularia striata exposed to 250 mg L−1 Pb (NO3)2 in a hydroponic environment were determined. Growth parameters, oxidative and antioxidative responses, redox status, and the concentration of Pb were analysed in roots and shoots. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the roots were significantly increased and reached their highest value at 72 h after Pb treatment. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, as an enzymatic antioxidant system, were responsible for reactive oxygen species scavenging, where their activities were increased in the shoot and root of Pb-treated plants. Enzymatic antioxidant activities were probably not enough to remove a significant H2O2 content in response to Pb treatment. Therefore, other defence responses were activated. The results stated that the flavonoid components of S. striata progressed towards the increase of isoflavone, flavanol, and stilbenoid contents under Pb treatment. In general, S. striata stimulates the enzymatic defence system and activates the non-enzymatic system by modulating the profile of flavonoids toward the production of flavonoids with high antioxidant activity, such as quercetin and myricetin in response to Pb stress.
Mapping seasonal migration in a songbird hybrid zone -- heritability, genetic correlations, and genomic patterns linked to speciation
Authors: Justen Hannah C. , Easton Wendy E. , Delmore Kira E.
Published: April 2024

Seasonal migration is a widespread behavior relevant for adaptation and speciation, yet knowledge of its genetic basis is limited. We leveraged advances in tracking and sequencing technologies to bridge this gap in a well-characterized hybrid zone between songbirds that differ in migratory behavior. Migration requires the coordinated action of many traits, including orientation, timing, and wing morphology. We used genetic mapping to show these traits are highly heritable and genetically correlated, explaining how migration has evolved so rapidly in the past and suggesting future responses to climate change may be possible. Many of these traits mapped to the same genomic regions and small structural variants indicating the same, or tightly linked, genes underlie them. Analyses integrating transcriptomic data indicate cholinergic receptors could control multiple traits. Furthermore, analyses integrating genomic differentiation further suggested genes underlying migratory traits help maintain reproductive isolation in this hybrid zone.
Sirt2 inhibition improves gut epithelial barrier integrity and protects mice from colitis
Authors: Hou Dan , Yu Tao , Lu Xuan , Hong Jun Young , Yang Min , Zi Yanlin , Ho Thanh Tu , Lin Hening
Published: April 2024

Sirt2 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD
+
)-dependent protein lysine deacylase that can remove both acetyl group and long-chain fatty acyl groups from lysine residues of many proteins. It was reported to affect inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms in a mouse model. However, conflicting roles were reported, with genetic knockout aggravating while pharmacological inhibition alleviating IBD symptoms. These seemingly conflicting reports cause confusion and deter further efforts in developing Sirt2 inhibitors as a potential treatment strategy for IBD. We investigated these conflicting reports and elucidated the role of Sirt2 in the mouse model of IBD. We essentially replicated these conflicting results and confirmed that Sirt2 inhibitors’ protective effect is not through off-targets as two very different Sirt2 inhibitors (TM and AGK2) showed similar protection in the IBD mouse model. We believe that the differential effects of inhibitors and knockout are due to the fact that the Sirt2 inhibitors only inhibit some but not all the activities of Sirt2. This hypothesis is confirmed by the observation that a PROTAC degrader of Sirt2 did not protect mice in the IBD model, similar to
Sirt2
knockout. Our study provides an interesting example where genetic knockout and pharmacological inhibition do not align and emphasizes the importance of developing substrate-dependent inhibitors. Importantly, we showed that the effect of Sirt2 inhibition in IBD is through regulating the gut epithelium barrier by inhibiting Arf6-mediated endocytosis of E-cadherin, a protein important for the intestinal epithelial integrity. This mechanistic understanding further supports Sirt2 as a promising therapeutic target for treating IBD.
Full network nonlocality sharing in extended bilocal scenario via weak measurements with the optimal pointer
Authors: Cai Zinuo , Ren Changliang
Published: April 2024

The investigation of network nonlocality (NN) has expanded the study of quantum nonlocality, yet it fails to fully capture the complexities within quantum networks. Recently, a stronger and more genuine definition of NN, known as full quantum network nonlocality (FNN), has been explored, which is considered a vital resource for realizing network-based device-independent quantum cryptography protocols. In this work, we explore the recycling of FNN as quantum resources by analyzing the FNN sharing between different combinations of observers. The FNN sharing in an extended bilocal scenario (consisting of two independent two-qubit quantum states as sources) via weak measurements has been thoroughly discussed. Based on the different motivations of the observer-Charlie1, two types of possible FNN sharing, passive FNN sharing and active FNN sharing, can be investigated by checking the simultaneous violation of Kerstjens–Gisin–Tavakoli inequalities between Alice-Bob-Charlie1 and Alice-Bob-Charlie2. Our results show that passive FNN sharing is impossible while active FNN sharing can be achieved through proper measurements, indicating that FNN sharing in this scenario requires more cooperation by intermediate observers compared to Bell nonlocality sharing and NN sharing.
The Analysis of Passenger’s Facilities Level of Service on Jakarta - Bogor Commuter Line’s Stations Using PTV Viswalk
Authors: Prahara Eduardi , Putri Larasati
Published: April 2024

To accommodate the increasing number of passengers of DKI Jakarta which is Indonesia’s economic center, largely relies on public transit, notably rail transportation. Data on volume, density, speed, annual passenger volume, and passenger growth projections for the following ten years are needed to evaluate passenger’s facilities level of service in platform area based on Ministerial Regulation No. 29/PRT/M/2011 concerning the Technical Construction of Railway Stations and the Highway Capacity Manual of 2006. The Level of Service (LOS) is then calculated from the data using PTV Viswalk software, which evaluates passenger traffic and density. The results of the PTV Viswalk software is validated by the Geoffrey E. Havers (GEH) test and the maximum passenger density to determine the Level of Service (LOS). All stations’ service levels lie between LOS C and LOS F with varying space modulus values. A solution for the rise in passengers over a decade is multi-story development.
Air Temperature for Sustainable Airport Infrastructure and Environment
Authors: Rahutomo Reza , Hidayat Alam Ahmad , Isnan Mahmud , Pardamean Bens
Published: April 2024

Understanding the patterns of air temperature in the local area is essential to mitigate potential destructive impacts and develop strategies for climate-resilient infrastructure. The pilot study focuses on the analysis of air temperature at Soekarno Hatta International Airport (SHIA), Indonesia. The study utilizes air temperature data collected over a 30-month period, grouped into six-month intervals. To assess the significance of means and distributions of air temperature points, independent t-tests are employed. Data visualizations are provided to clarify the air temperature patterns during the observation period. The findings reveal that SHIA has experienced warm and stable air temperatures over the last 30 months. However, to comprehensively study the various impacts from climatology and meteorology perspectives on airport infrastructure and operations, it is essential for future research to address limitations related to access to certain variables and consider employing multivariable forecasting techniques. By addressing these aspects, further investigations are able to provide deeper insights into the implications of air temperature on airport operations and contribute to formulate a strategy for developing a climate-resilient airport infrastructure.
Analysis of the implementation of green building on the Syahdan Campus building based on the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) specifications
Authors: Sujana Caroline Maretha , Jeremi
Published: April 2024

Global warming is caused by several factors, one of them being the uncontrolled construction sector that impacts the environment. The concept of green construction and green building is a solution to reduce global warming within the scope of civil engineering buildings. This study determined the criteria and predicate of the results of implementing green buildings according to the Greenship certification by the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) in Binus Syahdan Jakarta. The research method used green building analysis based on the existing greenship building version 1.1. The result is the silver predicate, with the lowest value being Material Resource and Cycle (MRC) and the highest being Energy Efficiency Conservation (EEC). After improvisation, a maximum point was obtained (95) with a platinum predicate. Based on the analysis of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) calculation for the next 15-20 years, the BINUS Syahdan campus building can save costs of Rp. 7,515,719,282.
Sustainable Measurement of Mental and Physical Workloads of Transjakarta Bus Drivers
Authors: Hartanto Ivan , Sahroni T R
Published: April 2024

The number of accidents in the Transjakarta mode of transportation is increasing from year to year. Accidents can occur dueto the driver’s workload which is not ideal so that it affects the driver’s negligence while driving. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the workload experienced by Transjakarta bus drivers using a comprehensive approach that includes questionnaires, pulse measurement, and analytical methods such as NASA-TLX, Cardiovascular Load, Correlation Test. The process of collecting data using the NASA Task Load Index method involving 30 samples of Transjakarta bus drivers was used which was divided into two stages, namely Paired Comparison and Event Scoring. The Cardiovascular Load method was used from calculating the Max Pulse Rate data, calculating %CVL which ends with identifying the results of the average %CVL. The result shows by using the NASA-TLX (mental load) and Cardiovascular Load - CVL (physical load) analysis methods was be used as a source of data that was go through acorrelation test and tested using Minitab software. The results obtained from the NASA-TLX method show that the mental load was quite high with an average value of 70.8%. The CVL result shows that the highest percentage of fatigue level was achieved at value of 27.59%. In addition, Correlation Test Results of %CVL and WWL showed that the correlation between %CVL and WWL was achieved at value of -0.197 and the P-Value was 0.296. It is found that the results of an inverse relationship were found between %CVL and WWL.
Analysis of Ergonomic Factor Measurement for Transjakarta Bus Drivers
Authors: Liawdy J , Hartanto I , Sahroni T R
Published: April 2024

Transjakarta transportation accidents have increased from year to year. Transjakarta buses having an accident can result in the driver not feeling comfortable while driving so that the driver experiences a lack of concentration. Therefore, the authors conducted a study that aimed to investigate the ergonomic factors experienced by Transjakarta bus drivers. The author uses the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method by taking 30 Transjakarta bus driver data and by using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) method by taking 30 driver data using a questionnaire. The results of the RULA method have been used to test the correlation using the Minitab software. The results of the RULA on reaching the steering wheel activity were 3-4 which means that further investigation was needed and may require changes to improve. And for the average time to reach the button was 5-6 which means the need for immediate investigation and change. NBM results show that most of them experience pain in the waist so that it is necessary to improve the position of the waist. Correlation Test Results The activity of reaching the button and the activity of reaching the steering wheel is -0.209 and the P-Value is 0.268 so that the results of an inverse relationship between the activity of reaching the steering wheel and reaching the button are found. The greater the activity reaches the wheel, the smaller the activity reaches the button. The correlation found has a very weak relationship between variables.
Occupational safety & health risk analysis in formwork in high-rise building projects
Authors: Arumsari Putri , Satriya Pramuda Arya , Wibawa Eri Dwi , Putri Annisa Dewanti
Published: April 2024

The implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Management systems remains a significant concern, particularly in the context of multi-storey building construction projects. Within the realm of these complex endeavors, the management of work-related accidents during formwork operations is of paramount importance. This research employs a rigorous methodology involving questionnaire distribution and interviews, complemented by advanced analytical tools such as the Frequency Adjusted Importance Index (FAII) and Bow Tie Analysis. The study focuses on the Indonesian Development University’s high-rise building project, systematically assessing potential hazards associated with formwork activities. Furthermore, this research evaluates the inherent risk levels and proposes comprehensive control measures to mitigate these hazards effectively. By shedding light on the intricate interplay between safety management and high-rise construction, this study contributes to the enhancement of occupational safety and health practices in the construction industry, ultimately promoting safer and more efficient work environments.
Transformation of National Housing’s Layout Design in PERUMNAS Sarijadi Bandung
Authors: Kirana Dini Cinda , Ramadina Savitri Putri , Kusumawardhani Seruni , Radhitanti Asri , Christina
Published: April 2024

PERUMNAS (“Perumahan Nasional”/National Housing) was established in 1974 to provide decent housing for the lower middle class in Indonesia by the government. One of their projects was done in Sarijadi area, Bandung in 1976-1978. The typical PERUMNAS house in Sarijadi was based on Type 36, named after the building area which was around 36 m2. As time changed, the people’s needs, and behaviour also evolved, and it also affected the contemporary PERUMNAS layout. As such, Type 36 house may be evolved into a growing house, in a sense that it is able to be developed, usually vertically, by stages based on standard housing minimum cost to accommodate the evolving needs of the occupants. This paper will analyse one such growing type 36 PERUMNAS house case, which is located in PERUMNAS Sarijadi, Bandung, West Java. The house was initially built in 1976-1978, and several renovations were done in 1994, 2007, and 2017 as the family grew. By observing the layout transformation, the results showed that the occupants adapted to the original layout by developing the building vertically to add private areas and utilizing the front and the backyard to make new service areas. In the future, homeowners can adapt to shifts in activity by carrying out sustainable transformations in the form of additional functions which then result in different zoning.
Analysis of the effectiveness of using EPS sandwich panel versus lightweight bricks at residential project: Case study at residential houses in Jakarta
Authors: Wangidjaja W
Published: April 2024

Effectiveness in material selection in construction projects has a major impact on the use of costs incurred during the construction period. The quality used must also be in accordance with standards based on building functions and have national standard quality. The implementation time on residential project construction projects that require work to be completed quickly in accordance with good results and in accordance with those stated in the contract must be carefully designed and planned. Data collected from literature and catalogues, and recorded from site will be analysed and discussed Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out and choose the use of effective non-structural material as a wall for residential projects.
Effect of the output of heritage designation on visitors’ motivation to visit the historic Kompleks Pasar Baru, Jakarta
Authors: Patria T A , Irena F , Phungpumkaew H
Published: April 2024

This study examined the relationship between the output of heritage designation on visitors’ motivation to visit the historic Kompleks Pasar Baru in Jakarta. The output of the heritage designation in this study was focused on the tourism products, which included attraction, accessibility, and amenities. Thus, it used a quantitative approach to investigate the relationship between the two variables. The survey involved 150 respondents who filled out questionnaires, which consisted of 28 statements reflecting indicators in the tourism products variable and 13 in the visitors’ motivation variable. A 5-scale Likert was used, ranging from 1 to represent Highly Disagree through 5 Highly Agree. The data obtained was processed using SPSS, which included validity, reliability, classic assumption, simple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis tests. Findings showed there is a strong effect of the provision of tourism products as a consequence of heritage designation at Pasar Baru on visitors’ motivation to the area for as many as 91.1%. This study contributes to the heritage tourism knowledge, particularly related to heritage designation and visitors’ motivation as a consequence of the designation. Further study can be conducted, such as an exploration of the 8.9% of the remaining unknown factor.
Cost and Duration Analysis on the Variation of Soil Improvement Method on Port Development at West Java
Authors: Suhardjo G A , Setyandito O , Andryan  , Farell  , Syahputra M Y
Published: April 2024

Several port facilities, including a container terminal, was built in a port reclamation project in Subang Regency, West Java. The soil improvement method employed in most reclamation projects usually involves prefabricated vertical drains, deep cement mixing (DCM), pile method, etc. This study aims to analyze the varying soil improvement methods, specifically deep cement mixing method and the pile method using bamboo piles and compare them for work efficiency based on time and cost. The methodology used in this study included literature studies, and qualitative analysis based on keyword. Based on the analysis results on the aspect of duration, the preparation, installation/design, and installation of barriers with geotextile reinforcement, backfilling, and pavement for the DCM and pile method required 743.15 days and 763 days respectively. The cost review, which referred to the unit price of Minister of Public Works and Housing Regulation No. 1 year 2022, found that the DCM method requires higher costs than piles. The analysis results also shown that the DCM method is more efficient due to the process in the DCM method has a fast installation duration, does not require many human resources on one job, and the materials used are environmentally friendly and more durable in water.
Identifying children’s perception of interior space to the earthquake disaster: A case study of elementary school students in Jakarta
Authors: Chadijah Siti , Hanjani Tika , Abdullah Nazilah , Kumoratih Dewi
Published: April 2024

Earthquake disasters affected several physical damages and left traumatic experiences to sensitive groups, especially children. This kind of damage results in after-effect risks from the earthquake. Associated with this condition, the United Nation has published that the number of countries with disaster risk reduction strategies starting in 2015 should be increased. This research is aimed to identify children’s perceptions after the earthquake disaster through virtual settings. The framework used a literature review and a simulation of 3D virtual model testing on a group of elementary school students in Jakarta using a certain model type of room and aperture (window). Colour and window size are the main parameters for data showing the children’s preferences. Potential parameters are expected to be produced as guidance and recommendations on the post-disaster (earthquake-specific) in the future design decision. The parameters are aimed to help decision makers and designers to reach disaster risk reduction, in relation with SDGs on social aspect for the future sustainable development of resilient infrastructure, communities, and cities.
Improvement and analysis of aircraft maintenance flow process using lean manufacturing, PDCA, PICA, and VSM for sustainable operation system
Authors: Khair Fauzi , Putra Muhammad Alif Sofyansyah , Rizkia Irma
Published: April 2024

The aircraft maintenance process plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and reliability of air travel. However, this process often encounters inefficiencies and waste, reducing productivity. This study aims to analyze the flow of the aircraft maintenance process and identify areas for improvement using Lean Manufacturing, Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA), Problem Identification and Corrective Action (PICA), and Value Stream Mapping (VSM) methods within a sustainability system. This study demonstrates how non-value-adding (NVA) and necessary but non-value-adding activities (NNVA) contribute to maintenance process delays, waste generation, and decreased process efficiency. It also underscores the impact of waste on process performance and proposes potential time savings through focused improvements. The result revealed that inventory wastage was the most prevalent issue, accounting for 9 out of 26 activities, followed by waiting for wastage with seven activities and defects with 5 activities. These wasteful activities are primarily concentrated in phases 3, 4, and 5, encompassing inspection, repair, and installation phases. Consequently, there is a pressing need to enhance efficiency in all phases, particularly phases 3, 4, and 5, by targeting non-value-added activities. Implementing these improvements can reduce the total process time from 18,229 minutes to 15,170.2 minutes, offering a detailed roadmap for enhancing the aircraft maintenance process. Thus, this study is an alternative consideration for the aircraft maintenance industry to ensure a continuous improvement process in facing the challenges of global industry innovation as the category of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Promoting Water Sustainability through Degradation of 4-Nitrophenols by Spirodela polyrrhiza and Rhodococcus sp. Strain PKR-1 Association
Authors: Kristanti Risky Ayu , Wijayanti Yureana
Published: April 2024

The removal of chemicals from water sources that are harmful to humans and the environment can contribute to improving water quality. Biological treatment methods, such as bioaugmentation are an environmentally sustainable approach for pollutant removal. The 4-nitrophenol is the most hazardous nitrophenol chemical pollutant. In this study, a laboratory investigation was conducted on a flask scale to evaluate the rhizoaugmentation of 4-nitrophenol-polluted water. This was achieved by employing Rhodococcus sp. strain PKR-1, which was reintroduced into the roots of Spirodela polyrhiza. The selected strains were inoculated into the root at the rate of 104 to 106 colony-forming units (CFU) per plant. At high levels exhibited stability across five consecutive two-day degradation cycles, and full elimination of 4-nitrophenol was accomplished within these five repeated cycles. Therefore, the introduction of degraders into the root systems of aquatic plants has proven to be a successful method for treating effluents or aquatic resources contaminated with 4-nitrophenol.
The Effect of Curdlan Hydrocolloid on The Characteristics and Sensory of Non-Gluten Noodles
Authors: Angelina Emily , Waspodo Priyo
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of curdlan hydrocolloid on the texture of non-gluten noodles. This research was conducted with 10 treatments (sorghum flour + 0.1% curdlan, sorghum flour + 0.3% curdlan, sorghum flour + 0.6% curdlan, mocaf flour + 0.1% curdlan, mocaf flour + 0.3% curdlan, mocaf flour + 0.6% curdlan, purple taro flour + 0.1% curdlan, purple taro flour + 0.3% curdlan, purple taro flour + 0.6% curdlan, wheat flour + 0% curdlan). Observational data were processed using Two-Way ANOVA, One-Way ANOVA, and Independent T-test. The results showed that the addition of curdlan hydrocolloid and type of flour used had an effect on elongation, rehydration capacity, water holding capacity, carbohydrate content, protein, fiber, and organoleptic results in taste, aroma, color, texture, and overall panelist acceptance with the best formula being purple taro flour + 0.6% curdlan.
Comparison of different methods for evaluating the antioxidant activity of instant Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus L.) drinks
Authors: Rusandi F S , Sadek N F
Published: April 2024

Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus L.) is a natural breast milk stimulant with antioxidant activity. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of instant Torbangun drinks (ITD) ethanolic extract using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil), ABTS (2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) methods. Ethanolic extract of commercial Torbangun tea (CTT) and lactation booster milk (CLM) was also included in all analyses as a product reference. At the same time, vitamin C was used as an antioxidant standard. The antioxidant activity was expressed as EC50 value. Among breastmilk booster drinks, the sample with the highest antioxidant activity obtained from ABTS and FRAP methods was ITD (EC50 18.26 mg/mL) and CLM (EC50 0.187 mg/mL), respectively. Assessing with the DPPH method, the activity of ITD and CLM was not significantly different (EC50 35.200 mg/mL and 33.035 mg/mL, respectively), and those were higher than that of CTT (EC50 52.22 mg/mL). However, the antioxidant activity of all products was significantly lower than vitamin C in all analysis methods (EC50 < 0.05 mg/mL). This finding was proposed due to different antioxidant compounds and antioxidant mechanisms among breast milk booster products. This study also revealed that ABTS and FRAP were the most suitable methods for determining antioxidant properties in all samples.
Smart irrigation system: an IoT based approach prototype
Authors: Mapakama Ellis Pax , Astriani Maria Seraphina
Published: April 2024

Agriculture, especially crop cultivation, is one of the most important economic activities that contributes to the growth of most developing countries. Mostly practiced in African countries crop cultivation depends on irrigation and improvements in irrigation methods can improve yields. The use of IoT, cloud technologies and microprocessors like Raspberry Pi can be used to create better irrigation solutions. This research takes advantage of these technologies to create a smart irrigation system prototype that would improve irrigation methods for farmers. This system uses a Raspberry Pi, sensors for soil moisture, pH, temperature and humidity, a web application, and a cloud-based database. The smart irrigation system assesses environmental conditions by analyzing data from the sensors and comparing it to the values stored in the database which determine the conditions needed to cultivate the crop. Results from testing the system show that irrigation actions were successful after analyzing soil moisture; when moisture is low, pH range; higher or lower and temperature; higher than required, while no irrigation was triggered when all conditions were in required bounds according to the values saved in the database for the maize crop. Unfortunately, humidity sensor yielded erroneous readings that could not be used to decide whether irrigating the field was required.
Effect of aging on the mechanical properties of woven fabric-reinforced calcined diatomite substituted cement-based composites
Authors: Bozkurt Ercan , Türkel Selçuk , Felekoğlu Burak , Korkmaz Mehmet
Published: April 2024

The mechanical characteristics of polyester and flax woven fabric-reinforced, diatomite-substituted, cement-based composites have been examined at different ages within the scope of this study. The use of calcined diatomite in combination with a cement-based matrix aims to improve the mechanical performance within the composite as well as reduce carbon emissions. The consistency of cement-based and diatomite-substituted matrices with water-to-binder proportions of 0.28 and 0.45 was maintained at a fixed flow diameter of 235 mm with the adjusted use of a superplasticizer. The stress–strain graphs of the composites were obtained using an axial tensile testing machine and Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDT). The tensile strength, ductility, toughness development, and multi-crack performance of WFRC were obtained as a function of fabric type and aging. The effects of aging on tensile properties are discussed separately for each fabric type. Polyester woven fabric-reinforced composites were found to be superior to flax WFRC in terms of several mechanical properties at all ages. The substitution of diatomite further improved the tensile performance of the polyester woven fabric-reinforced composites. The fabric-matrix interface densification role of diatomite was determined by SEM/EDS line analysis. Evidence of a pozzolanic reaction between portlandite and diatomite was obtained through microstructure studies. Carbon emission analysis revealed that equivalent CO2 emissions could be reduced using diatomite in woven fabric reinforced composites. However, diatomite substitution caused a cost increasing effect.
Predicting short- to medium-term care home admission risk in older adults: a systematic review of externally validated models
Authors: Ho Leonard , Pugh Carys , Seth Sohan , Arakelyan Stella , Lone Nazir I , Lyall Marcus J , Anand Atul , Fleuriot Jacques D , Galdi Paola , Guthrie Bruce
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Predicting risk of care home admission could identify older adults for early intervention to support independent living but require external validation in a different dataset before clinical use. We systematically reviewed external validations of care home admission risk prediction models in older adults.

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library until 14 August 2023 for external validations of prediction models for care home admission risk in adults aged ≥65 years with up to 3 years of follow-up. We extracted and narratively synthesised data on study design, model characteristics, and model discrimination and calibration (accuracy of predictions). We assessed risk of bias and applicability using Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool.

Results

Five studies reporting validations of nine unique models were included. Model applicability was fair but risk of bias was mostly high due to not reporting model calibration. Morbidities were used as predictors in four models, most commonly neurological or psychiatric diseases. Physical function was also included in four models. For 1-year prediction, three of the six models had acceptable discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)/c statistic 0.70–0.79) and the remaining three had poor discrimination (AUC < 0.70). No model accounted for competing mortality risk. The only study examining model calibration (but ignoring competing mortality) concluded that it was excellent.

Conclusions

The reporting of models was incomplete. Model discrimination was at best acceptable, and calibration was rarely examined (and ignored competing mortality risk when examined). There is a need to derive better models that account for competing mortality risk and report calibration as well as discrimination.
Deep IDA: a deep learning approach for integrative discriminant analysis of multi-omics data with feature ranking—an application to COVID-19
Authors: Wang Jiuzhou , Safo Sandra E
Published: April 2024

Motivation

Many diseases are complex heterogeneous conditions that affect multiple organs in the body and depend on the interplay between several factors that include molecular and environmental factors, requiring a holistic approach to better understand disease pathobiology. Most existing methods for integrating data from multiple sources and classifying individuals into one of multiple classes or disease groups have mainly focused on linear relationships despite the complexity of these relationships. On the other hand, methods for nonlinear association and classification studies are limited in their ability to identify variables to aid in our understanding of the complexity of the disease or can be applied to only two data types.

Results

We propose Deep Integrative Discriminant Analysis (IDA), a deep learning method to learn complex nonlinear transformations of two or more views such that resulting projections have maximum association and maximum separation. Further, we propose a feature ranking approach based on ensemble learning for interpretable results. We test Deep IDA on both simulated data and two large real-world datasets, including RNA sequencing, metabolomics, and proteomics data pertaining to COVID-19 severity. We identified signatures that better discriminated COVID-19 patient groups, and related to neurological conditions, cancer, and metabolic diseases, corroborating current research findings and heightening the need to study the post sequelae effects of COVID-19 to devise effective treatments and to improve patient care.

Availability and implementation

Our algorithms are implemented in PyTorch and available at: https://github.com/JiuzhouW/DeepIDA
Large-scale structure-informed multiple sequence alignment of proteins with SIMSApiper
Authors: Crauwels Charlotte , Heidig Sophie-Luise , Díaz Adrián , Vranken Wim F
Published: April 2024

SIMSApiper is a Nextflow pipeline that creates reliable, structure-informed MSAs of thousands of protein sequences faster than standard structure-based alignment methods. Structural information can be provided by the user or collected by the pipeline from online resources. Parallelization with sequence identity-based subsets can be activated to significantly speed up the alignment process. Finally, the number of gaps in the final alignment can be reduced by leveraging the position of conserved secondary structure elements.

Availability and implementation

The pipeline is implemented using Nextflow, Python3, and Bash. It is publicly available on github.com/Bio2Byte/simsapiper.
Imaging in the era of risk-adapted treatment in colon cancer
Authors: Lahaye Max J , Lambregts Doenja M J , Aalbers Arend G J , Snaebjornsson Petur , Beets-Tan Regina G H , Kok Niels F M
Published: April 2024

The treatment landscape for patients with colon cancer is continuously evolving. Risk-adapted treatment strategies, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy, are slowly finding their way into clinical practice and guidelines. Radiologists are pivotal in guiding clinicians toward the most optimal treatment for each colon cancer patient. This review provides an overview of recent and upcoming advances in the diagnostic management of colon cancer and the radiologist’s role in the multidisciplinary approach to treating colon cancer.
Asymptomatic keratotic papules on the lower limbs
Authors: Guedes Nycolle Louise K O , Ávila Ana Carolina A , Nico Marcello M S
Published: April 2024

Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (HLP) or Flegel disease is a rare dermatosis of unknown cause, characterized by multiple erythematous hyperkeratotic papules with symmetrical distribution. Treating HLP is challenging because there is no standardized therapy. We describe the case of a 71-year-old light-skinned woman who presented with symmetrical asymptomatic keratotic papules on the dorsal feet, legs, thighs and upper limbs. Histopathological examination showed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, hypogranulosis and a band-like inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate on the dermis, consistent with HLP or Flegel disease.
Bullous pemphigoid and lichen planus pemphigoides in monozygotic twins with a long-standing history of psoriasis
Authors: Gambichler Thilo , Noldes Kathrin , Boms Stefanie
Published: April 2024

In the medical literature, the occurrence of pemphigoid diseases in twins has rarely been reported. We report two identical twins with a long-standing history of psoriasis who developed bullous pemphigoid and lichen planus pemphigoides, respectively, in the third decade of life.