bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les retombées du COVID‐19 sur le marché du travail: qui en souffre, qui y échappe, avec quel effet sur les inégalités?
Authors: SOARES Sergei , BERG Janine
Published: February 2022

Face au COVID‐19, les autorités nationales ont adopté des mesures de nature et de portée variées, avec des effets notables sur les marchés du travail, notamment pour certains groupes. Les auteurs utilisent les enquêtes sur la population active de sept pays à revenu intermédiaire ou élevé pour observer les transitions professionnelles au premier semestre de 2020 et comparer la situation avec la même période de 2019. Ils concluent que la volatilité est plus faible dans les pays qui ont choisi de soutenir les revenus en subventionnant les salaires plutôt que par d'autres moyens, mais que la pandémie a creusé les inégalités partout.
L'effet du COVID‐19 selon le sexe et le revenu: l'exemple des Philippines
Authors: LAVADO Rouselle F. , NOWACKA Keiko , RAITZER David A. , RODGERS Yana van der Meulen , ZVEGLICH Joseph E.
Published: February 2022

Les Philippines ont souffert plus que la plupart des autres pays en développement de la pandémie de COVID‐19 et des restrictions concomitantes, à savoir, notamment, un confinement très strict et une fermeture prolongée des écoles. Les auteurs proposent un modèle original pour estimer l'effet de ces mesures sur le travail, le revenu et la pauvreté selon le sexe et la région. Une étude de cas leur permet d’établir par ailleurs que les fermetures d’école ont nui à l'emploi dans l'enseignement privé et au revenu des parents de jeunes enfants. Ils concluent que la pandémie a eu des retombées économiques sans précédent et pénalisé les femmes.
Une période exceptionnelle? Analyse comparée sur l'effet de la crise du COVID‐19 et de la crise financière mondiale de 2008–2009 sur les marchés du travail
Authors: VERICK Sher , SCHMIDT‐KLAU Dorothea , LEE Sangheon
Published: February 2022

Les auteurs montrent que les marchés du travail ont davantage souffert des effets de la pandémie de COVID‐19 en 2020 que de ceux de la crise financière en 2009. Les mesures de confinement ont joué un rôle déterminant. La crise a donc touché plus durement les économies à revenu intermédiaire, certains secteurs comme l'hébergement et la restauration, et certains groupes comme les jeunes femmes. Les auteurs établissent également que, cette fois, la hausse des flux concerne surtout la mobilité vers l'inactivité (plus que vers le chômage). Ils affirment que les pouvoirs publics doivent maintenir leurs politiques de soutien pour que la reprise profite à tous.
La participation des partenaires sociaux à la gestion de la crise du COVID‐19: le dialogue social tripartite en Espagne, en Italie et au Portugal
Authors: CANALDA CRIADO Sergio
Published: February 2022

Les partenaires sociaux ont‐ils été associés à la gestion de la crise du COVID‐19? Pour le savoir, l'auteur observe les pratiques tripartites en Espagne, en Italie et au Portugal en 2020. Il recherche les variables économiques et politiques susceptibles d'avoir contribué au renouveau du dialogue social tripartite observé dans ces pays, par rapport à la crise économique précédente. L'abandon des politiques d'austérité et un sentiment de responsabilité partagé par les partenaires sociaux et les gouvernements semblent avoir contribué à la conclusion de plusieurs accords, de nature et de portée variables, mais qui permettent de conclure au renforcement du dialogue social au plus haut niveau.
Labour segmentation and outmigration in Japan: Evidence using firm–worker matching data
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: February 2022

Determinants of foreigner outmigration from host countries have attracted considerable attention. However, minimal research examines the influence of firms’ working environments. Although the third largest economy, Japan's inability to attract skilled foreign labour remains a concern. This study is the first to investigate the effect of Japanese firms’ labour segmentation practices on foreign workers’ outmigration intentions. Segmentation refers to firms’ concentration on foreigner‐specific skills, regarding foreign labour as complementary to local workers. This is widely practised because of immigration policy's avoidance of substituting Japanese labour or causing unemployment. The findings suggest that although foreigner‐specific skills are highly valued in Japan, segmentation could significantly increase foreign workers’ outmigration intention. The lifetime employment system in Japan, job satisfaction and original migration motivations also affect outmigration. The results indicate that Japanese policies encouraging firms to employ foreign workers as complementary may harm its attractiveness to skilled foreign labour.
Managing bank performance under COVID‐19: A novel inverse DEA efficiency approach
Authors: Boubaker Sabri , Le Tu D.Q. , Ngo Thanh
Published: February 2022

The evolution of the COVID‐19 pandemic is highly unpredictable; however, its impacts are limited to neither a single sector nor a single country. This study evaluates the performance and efficiency of 49 Islamic banks across 10 countries during 2019–2020 to assess how those banks can preserve their performance and remain resilient in the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using the conventional inverse data envelopment analysis (InvDEA) approach, we show that because of reductions in their outputs, 31 out of the 49 banks studied would need to reduce their inputs so that their efficiency can remain unchanged. However, we show that only 10 banks need to make such adjustments to maintain their efficiency levels using our proposed InvDEA efficiency model. The adjustment for those 10 banks would help in reducing more inputs, suggesting more cost savings, and improving the overall efficiency of the examined banks, compared with the other 31 banks.
Water‐induced CsBr crystalline transition to CsPbBr3 and the change of luminescence properties in borophosphate glass
Authors: Liu Ying , Luo Xiaobo , Yang Shuai , Wang Dazhao , Wu Hao , Wang Qi , Han Tao , Wang Chunjian , Zhou Dacheng , Qiu Jianbei
Published: February 2022

The application of all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystal glasses recently has enjoyed increasing and diverse attention due to their excellent optical properties. However, a full understanding of their formation process and mechanism still remains uncharted. In an attempt to develop and improve the properties of these glasses, it is significant to explore the formation of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) in it. Herein, a borophosphate‐based precursor glass with bright blue emission was prepared by melt quenching, and CsPbBr3 NCs were precipitated in it by water induction; the glass powders’ photoluminescence gradually changed from blue to green (478–525 nm). It is proven that the blue luminescence originated from the combination of CsBr and oxygen vacancies in the glass, and the crystal transformation mechanism of CsBr to CsPbBr3 in glass is proposed; the potential application in anti‐counterfeiting is explored based on its special properties. The findings of this study are significant to the basic research for the CsPbBr3 NCs glasses, and also contribute new insights toward their application in different fields.
The impact of economic nationalism in Europe on the returns to rivals of cross‐border M&A bids
Authors: Powell Ronan , Prendergast Sarah , Sharma Ruchira
Published: February 2022

We examine the wealth effects of economic nationalism (EN) on domestic and foreign rivals of takeover targets using a novel sample of government‐blocked EU cross‐border takeover bids. We report a significant net contagion effect at bid announcement from regression models resulting in a net gain of €3 million for each rival, on average, with domestic rivals enjoying an additional gain of €10 million. Government intervention results in negative returns, which become even more negative at bid resolution, and the adverse effects are felt by both domestic and foreign rivals. All rivals lose a value of €14 million over the total bid period with domestic rivals losing an additional €17.5 million, on average. The source of the losses are not mutually exclusive and can be due to several factors, including lower future takeover likelihood, failure to capture efficiency gains or loss of economic rents. We show that EN has a significant cost, which is not confined to the EU blocking country.
A research agenda for hospital at home
Authors: Leff Bruce , DeCherrie Linda V. , Montalto Michael , Levine David M.
Published: February 2022

Background

Hospital at home (HaH) provides hospital‐level care at home as a substitute for traditional hospital care. Interest in HaH is increasing markedly. While multiple studies of HaH have demonstrated that HaH provides safe, high‐quality, cost‐effective care, there remain many unanswered research questions. The objective of this study is to develop a research agenda to guide future HaH‐related research.

Methods

Survey of attendees of first World HaH Congress 2019 for input on research for the future HaH development. Selection and ranking of important topic areas for future HaH‐related research. Development of research domains and research questions and issues using grounded theory approach, supplemented by focused literature reviews.

Results

240 conference attendees responded to the survey (response rate, 55.3%). The majority were from Europe (64%) and North America (11%) and were HaH program leaders (29%), HaH physicians (27%), and researchers (13%). Nine research domains for future HaH research were identified: 1) definition of the HaH model of care; 2) the HaH clinical model; 3) measurement and outcomes of HaH; 4) patient and caregiver experience with HaH; 5) education and training of HaH clinicians; 6) technology and telehealth for HaH; 7) regulatory and payment issues in HaH; 8) implementation and scaling of HaH; and 9) ethical issues in HaH. Key research issues and questions were identified for each domain.

Conclusions

While highly evidence‐based, unanswered research questions regarding HaH remain, focusing research efforts on the domains identified in this study will serve to improve HaH for all key HaH stakeholders.
US nursing home residents receiving PCV13 in the SNF by recorded pneumococcal vaccination up‐to‐date status, 2014–2018
Authors: Bardenheier Barbara H. , McConeghy Kevin W. , Davidson H. Edward , Gravenstein Stefan
Published: February 2022

Background

Since PCV13 was recommended in 2014, the characteristics of nursing home (NH) residents (and their facilities) recorded by facilities as not up‐to‐date with pneumococcal vaccination upon admission were unknown, and it is unknown if they received PCV13 in the NH.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort of NH residents of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS)‐certified skilled nursing facilities from October 1, 2014, through September 22, 2018. CMS' Minimum Data Set (MDS) was linked to Medicare Part B Carrier claims to corroborate pneumococcal vaccination up‐to‐date status in the MDS with pneumococcal vaccination claims. The primary outcome of interest was vaccination with PCV13 versus nonreceipt among those identified as “not up to date” according to facility MDS records. We estimated generalized estimating equation (GEE) models.

Results

Of the 1,459,814 residents recorded not up‐to‐date, (78.2%) had no Part B claims for PCV13 before or in the NH, the majority of whom (71.5%) were reported to have refused the vaccine when offered. Only 1.3% subsequently received PCV13 within 99 days after NH admission. In adjusted analyses, residents less likely to receive PCV13 in the NH than those who did included: residence in a for‐profit facility (OR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.89, 0.99]); male (OR: 0.92 [95% CI:0.89, 0.95]); black race (OR: 0.71 (95%CI: 0.66, 0.77); Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 0.69 [95%CI: 0.59, 0.75]); severely cognitively impaired compared with any lesser degree of impairment; had diabetes (OR: 0.93 [95%CI: 0.89, 0.97]); long‐stay (≥100 days) compared with short‐stay residents (OR: 0.17 (95%CI: 0.15, 0.20); and did not receive the influenza vaccine (OR: 0.74 (95%CI: 0.71, 0.77).

Conclusions

Due to refusals, few NH residents recorded not up‐to‐date on pneumococcal vaccinations from 2014 to 2018 received PCV13 within three months of admission. Strategies to promote newly recommended PCV15 or PCV20 vaccination upon NH admission may be needed.
Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment before incarceration
Authors: Kuffel Randall L. , Byers Amy L. , Williams Brie , Fortinsky Richard , Li Yixia , Ruderman Michael A. , Barry Lisa C.
Published: February 2022

Background

Accumulating evidence indicates that behaviors in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias could result in incarceration. Yet, the proportion of persons diagnosed with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before they were incarcerated is largely unknown. By leveraging a national sample of mid‐ to late‐life adults who were incarcerated, we determined the prevalence of dementia and MCI before their incarceration.

Methods

In this current study, participants were Medicare‐eligible U.S. veterans who transitioned from incarceration to the community in mid‐ to late‐life from October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2018, after having been incarcerated for ≤10 consecutive years (N = 17,962). Medical claims data were used to determine clinical diagnoses of dementia and MCI up to three years before incarceration. Demographics, comorbidities, and duration of incarceration among those with dementia and MCI were compared to those with neither diagnosis.

Results

Participants were >97% male, 65% non‐Hispanic white, 30% non‐Hispanic black, and 3.3% had a diagnosis of either dementia (2.5%) or MCI (0.8%) before their most recent incarceration. Individuals with MCI or dementia diagnoses were older, were more likely to be non‐Hispanic white, had more medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and experienced homelessness and traumatic brain injury at higher rates than those with neither diagnosis. Average duration of incarceration was significantly shorter among those with MCI (201.8 [±248.0] days) or dementia (312.8 [±548.3] days), as compared to those with neither diagnosis (497.0 [±692.7] days) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

These findings raise awareness of the proportion of incarcerated persons in the United States who have a diagnosis of MCI or dementia before they are incarcerated. Improved understanding of pathways linking cognitive impairment to incarceration in mid‐ to late‐life are needed to inform appropriateness of incarceration, optimization of health care, and prevention of interpersonal harm in this medically vulnerable population.
Mask‐induced skin changes during COVID pandemic: A cross‐sectional web‐based survey among physicians in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Dash Gaurav , Patro Nibedita , Dwari Binayak Chandra , Abhisekh Kumar
Published: February 2022

Background

The COVID pandemic has affected the human race both physically and mentally. Mask use remains the standard way of preventing the spread of this virus. The continuous mask use has led to the emergence of various dermatoses like acne, pigmentation, and seborrhea in mask contact areas. The present survey has been undertaken to describe the various dermatoses encountered in the medical fraternity especially doctors, who are frequently exposed to prolonged mask use.

Aims

To estimate the frequency of various cutaneous manifestations seen among doctors following mask use via web‐based online questionnaire survey.

Methods

It was a cross‐sectional web‐based study conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute from June 2021 to August 2021. All the doctors of the hospital completing the questionnaire were included in the study with informed consent.

Results

A total of 178 participants completed the survey. The most common complaint was increased sweating (55.6%) followed by acne (34.3%) and oily skin (34.3%). Significant association was found between skin changes and duration (>6 h/day) of mask use, increasing number, and type of mask (N 95) used (p value <0.05).

Conclusion

The knowledge of various mask‐induced/aggravated dermatoses will help formulate proper precautionary protocols enhancing efficient mask usage for prolonged periods.
In vitro and in vivo wound healing activities of Globularia arabica leaf methanolic extract in diabetic rats
Authors: Alsarayreh Ahmad Za’al , Attalah Oran Sawsan , Shakhanbeh Jumah Mutie
Published: February 2022

Aim

This study assessed the effects of topical application of the plant Globularia arabica extract on the diabetic rate of wound closure.

Methods

The effect of methanol extracts of G. arabica leaf extract on pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, as well as the rate of wound contraction, hydroxyproline, and collagen content, was examined using an excision model of wound repair in male rats.

Results

The healing pattern was also highly related to using 10% plant extract and significantly, (p‐values <0.025) increased wound contraction and increased hydroxyproline and collagen expression in both non‐diabetic and diabetic rats, demonstrating that G. arabica extract possesses potent wound healing capacity. During the early wound healing phase, IL‐6 levels were found to be upregulated by G. arabica treatment. Increased wound contraction augmented hydroxyproline and collagen content, supporting the early wound healing exhibited by G. arabica. One of the ways for speeding wound healing may be the induction of cytokine production. The result of our study shows that the fibroblast cell line treated with 20 µg/ml methanolic extract of G. arabica significantly (p‐values <0.035) increases the cell migration that indicated the high wound healing activity.

Conclusion

Results suggest that G. arabica may be useful in the topical management of wound healing.
Respiratory dysfunction three months after severe COVID‐19 is associated with gut microbiota alterations
Authors: Vestad Beate , Ueland Thor , Lerum Tøri Vigeland , Dahl Tuva Børresdatter , Holm Kristian , Barratt‐Due Andreas , Kåsine Trine , Dyrhol‐Riise Anne Ma , Stiksrud Birgitte , Tonby Kristian , Hoel Hedda , Olsen Inge Christoffer , Henriksen Katerina Nezvalova , Tveita Anders , Manotheepan Ravinea , Haugli Mette , Eiken Ragnhild , Berg Åse , Halvorsen Bente , Lekva Tove , Ranheim Trine , Michelsen Annika Elisabeth , Kildal Anders Benjamin , Johannessen Asgeir , Thoresen Lars , Skudal Hilde , Kittang Bård Reiakvam , Olsen Roy Bjørkholt , Ystrøm Carl Magnus , Skei Nina Vibeche , Hannula Raisa , Aballi Saad , Kvåle Reidar , Skjønsberg Ole Henning , Aukrust Pål , Hov Johannes Roksund , Trøseid Marius ,   the NOR‐Solidarity study group
Published: February 2022

Background

Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is primarily a respiratory infection, mounting evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal tract is involved in the disease, with gut barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota alterations being related to disease severity. Whether these alterations persist and are related to long‐term respiratory dysfunction remains unknown.

Methods

Plasma was collected during hospital admission and after 3 months from the NOR‐Solidarity trial (n = 181) and analyzed for markers of gut barrier dysfunction and inflammation. At the 3‐month follow‐up, pulmonary function was assessed by measuring the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Rectal swabs for gut microbiota analyses were collected (n = 97) and analyzed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene.

Results

Gut microbiota diversity was reduced in COVID‐19 patients with respiratory dysfunction, defined as DLCO below the lower limit of normal 3 months after hospitalization. These patients also had an altered global gut microbiota composition, with reduced relative abundance of 20 bacterial taxa and increased abundance of five taxa, including Veillonella, potentially linked to fibrosis. During hospitalization, increased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) were strongly associated with respiratory failure, defined as pO2/fiO2 (P/F ratio) <26.6 kPa. LBP levels remained elevated during and after hospitalization and were associated with low‐grade inflammation and respiratory dysfunction after 3 months.

Conclusion

Respiratory dysfunction after COVID‐19 is associated with altered gut microbiota and persistently elevated LBP levels. Our results should be regarded as hypothesis generating, pointing to a potential gut–lung axis that should be further investigated in relation to long‐term pulmonary dysfunction and long COVID.
Is acid suppression associated with the increased length of stay in diabetic ketoacidosis patients? A nationwide analysis
Authors: Farooq Umer , Tarar Zahid Ijaz , Kamal Faisal , Malik Adnan , Bresnahan Joseph , Abegunde Ayokunle T.
Published: February 2022

Background

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) patients present with low serum bicarbonate (), and an increase in its level to ≥15 mEq/L is considered one of the criteria for DKA resolution. Both proton pump inhibitors and histamine‐2 receptor antagonists inhibit downstream functioning of H+/K+ ATPase in the gastric parietal cells, which results in the decreased secretion of into the bloodstream.

Objectives

We aimed to introduce the hypothesis that DKA patients on acid‐suppressive medications may have a delayed rise in serum to >15 mEq/L that may cause increased hospital length of stay (LOS) and sought to compare the outcomes of such patients. For the sake of simplicity, conditions requiring acid suppression are grouped under the term peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in this study.

Methods

This is a retrospective study using Nationwide Inpatient Sample employing International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10) codes for adult patients with a primary diagnosis of DKA. Analyses were performed using STATA, proportions were compared using Fisher exact test, and continuous variables using Student's t‐test. Confounding variables were adjusted using propensity matching, multivariate logistic, and linear regression analyses.

Results

DKA patients with PUD had higher adjusted LOS, intensive care unit admission, and total hospital costs. Mortality and morbidity indicators were similar in both groups. The variables found to be independent predictors of increased LOS were malnutrition, Clostridium difficile infection, pneumonia, Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3–8, and higher Charlson comorbidity score.

Conclusion

We found that Clostridium difficile and pneumonia predicted longer LOS in DKA patients with concomitant PUD, hinting at the possible role of acid suppression in prolonging the LOS in such patients. However, further studies are needed to examine the effect of lesser generation on LOS.
Creation as Promise: A Dogmatic Approach to Eco-Theology in the Anthropocene
Authors: Scherle Peter
Published: February 2022

The article constructs the emergence of environmental ethics and eco-theology, referring to ecumenical discussions and influences. It then focuses on the difference between two types of eco-theology: one that may be called eco-centric, the other theo-centric. Following the second model and rooted in Karl Barth's approach to creation theology, the argument is put forward that a dogmatic approach today has to be based on the concept of ‘creatio ex nihilo’. Creation is not a commodity but utterly dependent on God's ongoing creative speech-act. A revision of the doctrine of election focuses on creation in a Trinitarian perspective. Creation is an eschatological and soteriological category that is grounded biblically in the post-exilic hope for a new creation. As a promise, it is a critique of all utopic and dystopic claims in human history. This has two consequences. First, the need to regain a realistic concept of the political that allows for conflicting aims and that challenges the concept of dominion. And second, to regain a realistic approach to ‘nature’ that defines the ethical concern as ‘habitability’. The fundamental challenge is to live in a disenchanted world while waiting for the world to come. This tension is enacted in the Eucharist.
Comorbidity is not associated with dialysis modality choice in patients with end‐stage kidney disease
Authors: Bonenkamp Anna A. , Vonk Sanne , Abrahams Alferso C. , Vermeeren Yolande M. , van Eck van der Sluijs Anita , Hoekstra Tiny , van Ittersum Frans J. , van Jaarsveld Brigit C. ,   DOMESTICO study group
Published: February 2022

Aim

Over the past years the proportion of home dialysis patients has decreased in the Netherlands. In addition, the home dialysis use varies significantly among centres. It is unclear whether this is the result of differences in comorbidity, or other factors. Our aim was to investigate the association between comorbidity and dialysis modality choice.

Methods

The multi‐centre DOMESTICO cohort study collected comorbidity data of patients who started dialysis in 35 Dutch centres from 2012 to 2016. Comorbidity was assessed by the Charlson comorbidity index. Home dialysis was defined as any peritoneal dialysis or home haemodialysis treatment during follow‐up. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between comorbidity and dialysis modality, with a mixed model approach to adjust for clustering of patients within dialysis centres.

Results

A total of 1358 patients were included, of whom 628 were treated with home dialysis. In crude mixed model analyses, the probability of receiving home dialysis was lower when comorbidity score was higher: having a high comorbidity score resulted in an odds ratio of 0.74 (95% CI 0.54–1.00) when compared with patients without comorbidities. After adjustments for age, sex, ethnic background, body mass index and dialysis vintage, there was no association between comorbidity and home dialysis.

Conclusion

Comorbidity was not significantly associated with home dialysis choice, after adjustment for several confounding factors including age and body mass index. Future studies should aim at unravelling the centre‐specific characteristics that probably play a role in dialysis modality choice.
Practising the ethics of person‐centred care balancing ethical conviction and moral obligations
Authors: Ekman Inger
Published: February 2022

Person‐centred care is founded on ethics as a basis for organizing care. In spite of healthcare systems claiming that they have implemented person‐centred care, patients report less satisfaction with care. These contrasting results require clarification of how to practice person‐centred ethics using Paul Ricoeur's ‘Little ethics’, summarized as: ‘aiming for the good life, with and for others in just institutions’. In this ethic Kantian morality is at once subordinate and complementary to Aristotelian ethics because the ethical goal needs to be critically assessed and passed through the examination of the norm in each care situation. This paper presents examples that describes a person‐centred care practice that balance a critical review of care activities based on a conviction of aiming for patients' wellbeing. In contrast to patients' experiences of person‐centred care in real life, research projects have shown that if the clinical performers comprehend and apply the practice of person‐centred ethics, patients report positive outcomes. The implementation of person‐centred care therefore demands that stakeholders and managers enables and requires that healthcare staff study ethics in the same way as studying for example pharmacology is required when handling patients' medicines.
Distal type of nodo‐ventricular pathway: Unique electrophysiological characteristics mimicking fasciculo‐ventricular pathway
Authors: Uetake Shunsuke , Maruyama Mitsunori , Miyauchi Yasushi , Shimizu Wataru
Published: February 2022

Fasciculo‐ventricular and nodo‐ventricular pathways (FVP and NVP) are rare preexcitation variants. Normally, NVP is electrophysiologically different from FVP. We describe a unique type of NVP emerging from the distal part of the slow pathway, designated as “distal type” NVP. The distal type NVP resembled FVP but was proven by unexpected elimination of the NVP during the slow pathway ablation. Also, NVP was distinguishable from FVP by a careful comparison of the HV intervals during conduction over the fast and slow pathways. Demonstration of this novel type NVP provides insights into how the insertion site of NVP affects its electrophysiologic behaviors.
Fecal impaction detected by imaging predicts recurrent urinary tract infection
Authors: Watanabe Yoshitaka , Ikeda Hirokazu , Onuki Yuta , Oyake Chisato , Fuyama Masaki , Honda Kimiko , Watanabe Tsuneki
Published: February 2022

Background

Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of ultrasonography (US) and abdominal radiography in assessing bladder and bowel dysfunction in children aged <24 months. We aimed to investigate the association between the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) recurrence and fecal impaction using imaging findings.

Methods

The medical records of 121 children (aged <24 months) with initial febrile UTI (fUTI) who were admitted to the authors’ institution from January 2004 to September 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. We evaluated the rectal diameters of children with suspected fecal impaction that were measured using transabdominal US, or the rectal diameters divided by the distance between the ischial spines that were measured using abdominal radiography. Based on previous reports, we defined fecal impaction as a transabdominal US score of >30 mm or an abdominal radiography score of >0.5. The definition of functional constipation was based on the child/adolescent Rome IV criteria – i.e., a maximum stool frequency of twice per week.

Results

The median age at initial fUTI diagnosis was 4 months. The occurrence of fecal impaction identified via imaging was significantly greater in patients with UTI recurrence than in those without recurrence: yes/no: 17/9 (65.4%) versus 35/60 (36.8%); P = 0.013. On the other hand, the occurrence rates of constipation based on stool frequency did not differ between the two groups. In multiple logistic analyses, fecal impaction detected via imaging was identified as an independent risk factor for fUTI recurrence.

Conclusions

Fecal impaction observed via US and abdominal radiography may be useful in predicting the recurrence of fUTI in children.
Respiratory outcome of spinal muscular atrophy type 1 patients treated with nusinersen
Authors: Ergenekon Almala Pinar , Yilmaz Yegit Cansu , Cenk Muruvvet , Gokdemir Yasemin , Erdem Eralp Ela , Ozturk Gulten , Unver Olcay , Kenis Coskun Ozge , Karadag Saygi Evrim , Turkdogan Dilsad , Karadag Bulent
Published: February 2022

Background

Respiratory failure is the leading cause of mortality in spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1) children. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of nusinersen treatment on respiratory outcome of the patients with SMA1.

Methods

In this retrospective, single‐center study, 52 SMA1 patients treated with nusinersen were included in the analysis. Patients were divided into two groups based on their age at the time of their first nusinersen treatment (Group 1: ≤6 months, Group 2: >6 months). Respiratory outcome on the 180th day of treatment is defined as the type of ventilation support (spontaneous breathing, noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and tracheostomized or intubated on invasive mechanical ventilation). Demographic data, respiratory outcome, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders scores were obtained from medical records.

Results

On the 180th day of treatment, 46 of the 52 (88.4%) children were alive. Prevalence of the mortality was similar in both groups (P = 0.65). The comparison of respiratory outcome in patients between group 1 and group 2 was as follows: spontaneous breathing, 7 (43.7%) versus 4 (13.3%) (P = 0.03); NIV <16 h/day, 3 (18.7%) versus 4 (13.3%) (P = 0.68); invasive mechanical ventilation, 6 (37.5%) versus 22 (73.3%) (P = 0.01). There were no patients using NIV ≥16 h/day. There were significant improvements in Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders scores of the patients at day 180 in comparison with the baseline (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Early initiation of nusinersen treatment in SMA1 patients may alter the disease's natural course.
Protest and state policy agendas: Marches and gun policy after Parkland
Authors: Sato Yuko , Haselswerdt Jake
Published: February 2022

Does protest spur the government to act at the regional or local level? Gun control in the United States offers a promising case for studying this question, due to considerable variation in both protest and policy‐making activity following the mass shooting in Parkland, FL in early 2018. We use an original weekly panel dataset of progress on gun control and pro‐gun legislation in all states between 2017 and 2019, paired with weekly protest march data from the Crowd Counting Consortium, to determine whether or not protest spurred state governments to act on gun policy. We find that marches advocating gun control are associated with an increased likelihood of legislative movement on gun control, though they do not appear to discourage action that loosens gun laws. On the other side, pro‐gun marches do not seem to have the desired effect.
Efficacy and safety of virtual bronchoscopic navigation with fused fluoroscopy and vessel mapping for access of pulmonary lesions
Authors: Sun Jiayuan , Criner Gerard J. , Dibardino David , Li Shiyue , Nader Daniel , Lam Bing , Kopas Lisa , Wahidi Momen M. , Majid Adnan , Marron Robert , Verga Steven , Herth Felix J. F.
Published: February 2022

Background and objective

Virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) with fused fluoroscopy and vessel mapping provides a point of entry (POE) for puncturing airway wall to biopsy lesions. The study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technology to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Methods

It was a prospective, single‐arm, multicentre study. Patients underwent lesions biopsy with the Archimedes® VBN System via a POE using one of the two techniques: (1) bronchoscopic transparenchymal nodule access (BTPNA) and (2) guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA). Biopsy yield, sampling yield and diagnostic yield were mainly determined in lesions biopsy attempted.

Results

One hundred and thirty patients underwent anaesthesia and constituted the intention‐to‐treat population. One hundred and four patients with 114 lesions had biopsy attempted. Mean lesion size was 2.4 ± 1.13 cm. Sufficient tissue samples were obtained from 86 lesions with a biopsy yield of 75.4%. Nevertheless, sufficient samples for diagnosis based on histology ± cytology were obtained from 107 lesions with a sampling yield of 93.9%. Follow‐up was conducted for more than 1 year, with a diagnostic yield of 75.4% and 72.8%, respectively, on high and low estimate with consideration of three lesions without follow‐up. Two (1.9%) pneumothoraxes and one (1.0%) mild bleeding occurred.

Conclusion

BTPNA and guided TBNA contribute to safe and effective sampling of peripheral pulmonary lesions. A relatively high biopsy yield was obtained independent of the presence or absence of a bronchus sign (BS), and high sampling yield and diagnostic yield were obtained independent of location, lesion size and presence or absence of a BS.
Monitoring iron stores in Icelandic blood donors from 1997 through 2019
Authors: Gestsdottir Erla , Magnusson Magnus Karl , Lund Sigrun Helga , Johannsdottir Vigdis , Jonsson Thorbjörn , Gudmundsson Sveinn , Halldorsdottir Anna Margret
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To estimate the frequency of iron deficiency (ID) and anaemia in blood donors in Iceland and the impact of serum ferritin (SF) testing policy change.

Background

Blood donations contribute to ID and/or anaemia in whole blood donors (WBD). SF may be used to monitor blood donor iron stores.

Materials and Methods

The study included WBD and new donors (ND) in the Icelandic Blood Bank in 1997–2019. SF was measured for ND and intermittently for WBD until October 2017, but thereafter for all WBD and ND at every visit. In January 2018, the SF threshold increased from 14 to 16 μg/L for ND and from 8 to 10 μg/L for WBD.

Results

The study included 85 370 SF results from 243 369 visits of 32 910 donors. Median SF was higher for males than females, both for ND (88.0 vs. 31.2 μg/L,p < 0.001) and WBD (before 2018: 43.0 vs. 22.0 μg/L,p < 0.001). After the policy change in 2018, median SF increased for both male WBD (to 45.2 μg/L,p < 0.001) and female WBD (to 25.7 μg/L,p < 0.001). ID (SF <15 μg/L) was present in 10.6% of female ND and 0.5% of male ND. After policy change, the proportion of WB donations associated with ID decreased for males (from 6.4% to 4.0%) and females (from 18.9% to 14.1%). ID anaemia was present at some time in 3.7% of female WBD and 1.2% of male WBD.

Conclusion

This nationwide study showed that ID in WB donors is common, especially among females, but monitoring SF may improve donor management.
Development and validation of the safe transfusion assessment tool
Authors: Suleiman Leena , Bakhtary Sara , Boscardin Christy K. , Manuel Solmaz P.
Published: February 2022

Background

Given the prevalence and risks of blood transfusion, it is essential that trainees and practicing clinicians have a thorough understanding of relevant transfusion medicine competencies. The aim of this research was to develop and gather validity evidence for an instrument to assess knowledge of core transfusion‐related competencies.

Methods

We developed the safe transfusion assessment tool (STAT) using a multistep process. Initially, 20 core competencies in transfusion medicine were identified through a consensus‐driven Delphi process. Learning objectives and assessment items pertinent to each competency were created. Next, a 13‐item assessment tool was piloted with multidisciplinary experts and trainees. Multiple iterative revisions were made based on feedback. Finally, the 12‐item STAT was administered to 100 participants of varying training level and specialty to establish validity, difficulty and item discrimination indices, and perceived utility.

Results

Analysis of instrument item difficulty and item discrimination indices demonstrated the ability of the STAT to assess essential knowledge in transfusion medicine relevant to trainees and clinicians in multiple programs and practice settings. Eight of twelve items discriminated between learners with varying degrees of expertise. Hundred percent of students and trainees rated the STAT as Extremely Helpful or Somewhat Helpful and the majority planned to utilize the answer guide as a study aid.

Conclusion

The STAT is a concise, valid, and reliable knowledge assessment tool that may be used by researchers and educators to augment transfusion medicine curricula (www.safetransfusion.ucsf.edu). Scores can help inform departments on areas in which trainees require additional support and areas of potential educational interventions.
A Numerical Approach for Natural Convection With Curved Obstacles in an Enclosure Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Sen Srijit , Hegde Tarun , Perumal D. Arumuga , Yadav Ajay Kumar
Published: February 2022

The impact of placing curved obstacles on natural convection in enclosures with differentially heated side walls is analyzed in the current study using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). A method to choose characteristic velocity based on Knudsen number is implemented which eradicates the need of arbitrarily guessing characteristic velocities to proceed with simulations. In addition, a less computationally intensive probability distribution function for equilibrium temperature is used. For validation, a standard natural convection problem with left wall at high temperature, right wall at low temperature, and top and bottom adiabatic walls is considered. A grid independence test is conducted and the code is validated with existing results for various Rayleigh numbers, which shows a good agreement. The problem is then modified by including circular and elliptical obstacles of adiabatic, hot, and cold nature. A boundary interpolation technique is used to implement the velocity and temperature boundary conditions at the inner boundaries. The streamline patterns and temperature contours show interesting observations such as dependence of location of vortices on the type of obstacle boundary used, and formation of low or high temperature zones around obstacle at high Rayleigh numbers. Results show that the change in the shape of the obstacle contributes to the Nusselt number variations at the high temperature boundary and low Rayleigh numbers.
Nonlinear Lumped Parameter Model and Snap-Through Stability Analysis of Hydraulically Amplified Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Zamanian Amir Hosein , Son David Y. , Krueger Paul S. , Richer Edmond
Published: February 2022

Hydraulically amplified dielectric elastomer actuators (HADEAs) are soft actuators comprising a pair of elastic electrodes connected to an inflatable membrane where the membrane and space between the electrodes are filled with an incompressible dielectric fluid. A lumped parameter model (LPM) was developed based on a nonlinear hyper-elastic Mooney–Rivlin material model. We compared the nonlinear LPM with a previous linear model and with a multiphysics finite element model with Mooney–Rivlin materials. The proposed nonlinear LPM showed good agreement in the estimation of strain and internal hydrostatic pressure as a function of actuation voltage compared to the finite element analysis results. Moreover, it better predicts the quasi-static equilibrium state and snap-through instability than the linear LPM.
Mean-Value Exergy Modeling of Internal Combustion Engines: Characterization of Feasible Operating Regions
Authors: Pozzato Gabriele , Rizzo Denise M. , Onori Simona
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a novel mean-value exergy-based modeling framework for internal combustion engines is developed. The characterization of combustion irreversibilities, nonstoichiometric combustion, and thermal exchange between the in-cylinder mixture and the cylinder wall allows for a comprehensive description of the availability transfer and destruction phenomena in the engine. The model is applicable to internal combustion engines operating both at steady-state and over a sequence of operating points and is used to create maps describing the exergetic static behavior of the engine as a function of speed and load. The application of the proposed modeling strategy is shown for a turbocharged diesel engine. Ultimately, the static maps, while providing insightful information about inefficiencies over the operating range of the engine, are the enabling step for the development of exergy-based control strategies aiming at minimizing the overall operational losses of hybrid electric vehicles.
Muertas en vida. Investigación sobre la represión dada a las mujeres en la postguerra española en Ciudad Real
Authors: Fernández García Sandra
Published: February 2022

Este texto analiza los aspectos de género que diferenciaron la represión dirigida a las mujeres de la aplicada a los hombres durante los primeros años del régimen de Franco. Para ello se aplica una perspectiva de análisis tanto desde el feminismo y los estudios de género como desde la antropología política, a la situación histórica particular. De esta manera, será posible enlazar dichos aspectos con las tradiciones heredadas, tanto políticas como de pensamiento, vigentes durante el régimen franquista. El artículo propone una explicación sobre cómo la salida de la mujer del espacio doméstico y su actuación como sujeto político en el espacio público, ocurrida en España durante la II República y la Guerra Civil, no fue un hecho ignorado, sino acallado por las políticas represivas gubernamentales, que construyó un elaborado discurso de narración histórica en el que este suceso fue re-significado y re-construido como colectiva y públicamente inexistente, siendo convertido en una distorsión: una serie de casos particulares de delincuencia y desviación. La constitución de este discurso se basó desde un principio en el desarrollo de una serie de prácticas entre las que destaca la lógica del sistema de justicia, como mostraremos a través del análisis de los expedientes de los juicios sumarísimos de las mujeres. Es a través del examen de estos expedientes, en tanto que producciones culturales, donde se aprecia el funcionamiento de un sistema de construcción simbólico incapaz de conceptualizar a la mujer como sujeto político.
Pasados locales, políticas globales. Procesos de patrimonialización en un valle del Pirineo catalán (Camila del Mármol Cartañá)
Authors: Bodí Ramiro Julio
Published: February 2022

Durante los últimos años, el patrimonio ha visto incrementado su rango de significados así como su uso social y cultural (Hartog, 2003). Tanto es así que, hoy en día, se tiene la sensación de que casi cualquier cosa puede ser considerada patrimonio. Adoptando nuevas formas se circunscribe a manifestaciones sociales y culturales de muy diversa índole. Es por ello que, concretamente, el patrimonio cultural es un terreno fecundo para diferentes disciplinas así como “uno de los movimientos sociales más importantes de nuestro tiempo”.
Espacios transnacionales de la migración latinoamericana en Europa (Fernando Osvaldo Esteba, Comp.)
Authors: González de la Fuente Íñigo
Published: February 2022

El concepto de “transnacionalismo” proporcionó una nueva perspectiva para el estudio de los movimientos migratorios contemporáneos. El desarrollo de esta nueva perspectiva a principios de los años noventa, por parte de un grupo de antropólogos conducidos por Linda Basch, Nina Glick Schiller y Cristina Blanc-Szanton (1994), fue la punta de lanza de una gran cantidad de investigaciones tendientes a comprobar empíricamente la existencia del fenómeno y sus variadas manifestaciones.
Archivo y reducto. Sobre la inscripción de lo mapuche en Chile y Argentina
Authors: Menard André
Published: February 2022

Este artículo explora las distintas formas de inscripción de lo mapuche tanto en Chile como en Argentina tras la conquista de los territorios indígenas de la Araucanía y la Patagonia a fines del siglo XIX. Se plantea la hipótesis de una diferencia en esta inscripción basada en los destinos que en estos contextos tuvieron por un lado los cuerpos mapuche y por otro los papeles y documentos producidos y atesorados por estas poblaciones antes de su incorporación a las soberanías de ambos estados. Se ve cómo en el caso argentino se favoreció la inscripción museográfica de los cuerpos físicos y la paralela inscripción archivística de los documentos, favoreciendo una relegación de lo mapuche al rango de elemento historiográfico y antropológico del pasado y carente de vigencia política en el presente. Mientras que en el caso chileno se constata una inscripción poblacional de los cuerpos mapuches asociada a cierta ideología mestiza y estatal por la cual lo mapuche fue dotado de cierta vigencia racial. Surge así la noción de "reducto" como categoría mediante la cual se analizan las ambivalencias que en ambos casos ha tenido esta inscripción por la que lo mapuche ha podido funcionar como capital patrimonial de la soberanía nacional (asociada a principios de identidad y autoctonía) o por el contrario como mero resto de una vida o una cultura indígena, que persiste y se administra en los márgenes políticos e históricos de esta misma soberanía nacional.
QuAderns de l'Institut Català d'Antropologia, Monogràfics 24. (VV.AA.)
Authors: Clua i Fainé Montserrat
Published: February 2022

Por una de esas extrañas casualidades de la vida, cuando aparecía publicado un número especial de la revista QuAderns de l'ICA (en versión papel) que celebraba los cien años de Claude Lévi-Strauss, este moría en París. Era el 30 de octubre de 2009, justo un mes antes de que el excelso antropólogo cumpliera los 101. La muerte de Lévi-Strauss dio más relieve si acaso al valor de la publicación que recoge, entre otros, algunos de sus últimos textos escritos. Así mismo, la presentación de la revista (que se realizó en Barcelona el 25 de noviembre de 2009) se convirtió en un homenaje que la academia catalana rendía al que ha sido el más destacado antropólogo dentro y fuera de la disciplina. Este reconocimiento público se debía sin duda al peso de su obra y a la influencia que ésta tuvo en el pensamiento occidental de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. No en vano los medios de comunicación le recordaron en su muerte como “el último gran intelectual del siglo XX”.