bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Повышение цитотоксичности естественных киллеров крови пациентов, страдающих туберкулезом легких, под влиянием препарата Реамберин
Authors: Холамов А. И. , Мирзомогомедова В. Г. , Черношей Д. А. , Лизунов Е. С.
Published: March 2018

Изучено влияние препарата реамберин на цитотоксическую активность естественных киллеров (ЕК) на экспериментальной модели в образцах крови больных туберкулезом легких и практически здоровых доноров. Моделирование острого системного воспаления осуществлялось добавлением в культуральную среду вакцины БЦЖ. Через 48 ч осуществляли выделение мононуклеаров периферической крови путем градиентного центрифугирования, ставили цитотоксические тесты с клеточной опухолью линии К-562. Выявлено стимулирующее влияние препарата реамберин на цитотоксическую активность естественных киллеров. Метаболическая коррекция оказала положительное влияние на энергетический обмен естественных киллеров крови, повысила их выживаемость и цитотоксичность.
Эмпирическая антибактериальная профилактика в неотложной хирургии
Authors: Яровой Сергей Константинович. , Жевелюк Александр Григорьевич , Карева Елена Николаевна , Глухова Наталья Семеновна
Published: March 2018

Рассмотрены основные принципы выбора антибактериального препарата для антибактериальной профилактики при оперативных вмешательствах на органах желудочно-кишечного тракта, сосудах, коже и мягких тканях. Отдельно рассмотрены особенности антибактериальной профилактики у коморбидных пациентов, в частности страдающих сопутствующей почечной или печеночной недостаточностью, декомпенсированным сахарным диабетом, аллергией на беталактамные антибиотики. Все предложенные схемы оптимизированы по 3 направлениям: клиническая эффективность, экономическая целесообразность, эпидемиологическая безопасность (предотвращение селекции полирезистентных штаммов микроорганизмов).
Анальгетическое действие тропалгина при термической боли у крыс с различным болевым порогом
Authors: Зарубина Ирина Викторовна , Федорова О. В. , Шабанов П. Д.
Published: March 2018

В экспериментах на высоко- и низкочувствительных к боли крысах показано, что тропалгин, новое производное тропина, проявляет выраженное анальгетическое действие при термической боли (тест отдергивания хвоста и горячая пластинка), сопоставимое с эффектами метамизола натрия. ЕД50 для тропалгина составила 2 мг/кг при внутрибрюшинном введении. Продолжительность анальгетического действия тропалгина у крыс с низкой чувствительностью к боли была больше по сравнению с высокочувствительными к боли животными. Предполагается, что в основе анальгетического эффекта тропалгина лежит его аденозин-либерирующее действие.
Вклад дофаминергической системы в реакцию таракана Periplaneta americana на тепловой стресс
Authors: Грицай Оксана Богдановна , Дубынин Вячеслав Альбертович
Published: March 2018

Проведено исследование влияния дофамина, его предшественника L-DOPA, а также D1/D2 агониста апоморфина, D1 антагониста SCH 23390 и D2 антагониста клебо-прида на этологическое проявление тепловой стресс-реакции, а именно, на время пребывания (ВП) таракана P. americana в горячей камере. Установлено, что инъекция этих лигандов в гемолимфу насекомого приводит к увеличению ВП, однако дофамин и клебоприд в зависимости от дозы оказывали разнонаправленное действие на значение этого показателя. Полученные данные доказывают важную роль D1- и D2-подобных рецепторов дофамина на формирование теплового стресса у насекомых.
Персонифицированное применение метформина с позиции фармакогенетики (обзор)
Authors: Сорокина Юлия Андреевна , Занозина Ольга Владимировна , Ловцова Любовь Валерьевна
Published: March 2018

В обзоре отражены основные направлении фармакогенетических исследований применения метформина у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Приведены результаты изучения полиморфизмов генов белков, участвующих в фармакокинетике препарата, а также сделаны предположения относительно других генов, которые могут обуславливать особенности фармакодинамики препарата.
Влияние нового производного ГАМК на развитие окислительного стресса у крыс в условиях 30-минутной ишемии и реперфузии миокарда
Authors: Перфилова Валентина Николаевна , Тюренков Иван Николаевич , Попова Тамара Александровна , Мокроусов Иван Сергеевич , Прокофьев Игорь Игоревич , Михайлова Людмила Ивановна , Жакупова Гульнара Александровна , Мирошникова Алла Сергеевна
Published: March 2018

Окклюзия нисходящей ветви левой коронарной артерии вызывает активацию процессов перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ), что выражается в увеличении концентрации первичных и вторичных продуктов ПОЛ: диеновых конъюгатов на 23 %, кетодиенов на 30 % и малонового диальдегида на 14 % (p ≤ 0,05); и снижении активности ферментов антиоксидантной защиты: супероксиддисмутазы (СОД) на 30 %, глутатионпероксидазы (ГП) на 27 % (p ≤ 0,05) и каталазы на 22 % в гомогенате миокарда крыс. Производное ГАМК — соединение РГПУ-207 (фенилгидразид(4-фенил-2-пирролидон-1-ил)уксусной кислоты) — ограничивает процессы ПОЛ при ишемии/реперфузии, на что указывает снижение концентрации диеновых конъюгатов на 44 %, кетодиенов — на 42 %, малонового диальдегида — на 18 % и повышение активности ферментов антиоксидантной системы: СОД — на 28 %, ГП — на 34 %, каталазы — на 31 % при сопоставлении с контрольной группой с окклюзией нисходящей ветви левой коронарной артерии (p ≤ 0,05).
Evaluation of plantain genotypes for yield and other characters
Authors: Ara N , Moniruzzaman M , Khatoon R , Moniruzzaman M
Published: March 2018

An experiment was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna during 2013-15, with eleven genotypes of plantain to evaluate their performances for yield attributes, yield and quality characters. The genotypes included in this investigation were MP001, MP002, MP003, MP006, MP007, MP015, MP018, MP024, MP025, ISD002 and BARI Kola-2 as check. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotype MP002 produced the maximum number of fingers/bunch (105.67) closely followed by BARI Kola-2 (103.00) and MP015 (101.00). Both the genotypes MP024 and MP025 showed the highest fruit length (21.70 cm), but ISD002 gave the maximum fruit girth (16.78 cm), which was statistically similar with that of MP003 (16.30 cm) and MP024 (16.33 cm). The highest yield and the maximum number of hands were produced by the genotype MP024 (47.81 t/ha and (8.33/bunch) followed by MP015 (36.70 t/ha and 6.33/bunch). Fingers of the genotypes required boiling time in the range of 20.00 min (MP001) to 15.00 min (BARI Kola-2). Flesh of all genotypes possesses pleasant aroma except MP002, MP003 and ISD002. Among the eleven genotypes MP001, MP006, MP007, MP008, MP015 and MP024 were found better when cooked as smashed. The genotype ISD002 took the maximum time (467.33 days) to reach the edible maturity stage of fruits whereas MP024 required the minimum (339.00 days). The genotypes MP015 and MP024 performed better than BARI Kola-2 in respect of bunch weight, fruit size, productivity index, yield, sucker production and qualitative characters.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 71-80, March 2018
Profitability of lentil cultivation in some selected sites of Bangladesh
Authors: Matin MA , Islam QMS , Huque S
Published: March 2018

The study estimated the profitability, farm specific technical efficiency of lentil growers and measured the impacts of different factors associated with technical efficiency of lentil farmers. The study employed farm level cross sectional data from three lentil growing districts namely Jessore, Meherpur and Natore of Bangladesh. The study revealed that HYV lentil is profitable than local variety. Cost of human labour, organic fertilizer, TSP, MoP and irrigation cost were found to contribute significantly in the efficiency of lentil farmers. The average technical efficiency of lentil growers in Bangladesh is 64 percent. This indicates a good potential for increasing lentil output by 36 percent with the existing technology and level of inputs. Farmers’ educations and training have positive significant effect on yield and efficiency of lentil production. Farmers faced some problems like disease infestation, lack of storage facilities, lack of knowledge, untimely rainfall, high price of input and unavailability of HYV seed. Therefore, researchers should develop integrated pest, disease and insect management schedule which are environment friendly and ecologically sound. Good quality seeds of lentil should be made available locally to the farmers at a reasonable price.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 135-147, March 2018
‘The Fever of Vain Longing’: Emotions of War in Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Canto III
Authors: Csengei Ildiko
Published: March 2018

This essay deals with Byron's visit to the field of Waterloo as described in Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Canto III. I will suggest that the Canto sees the transformation of the Byronic hero into the man of feeling. Byron re-configures this eighteenth-century character type in a way that his personal grief becomes inseparable from collective feeling and national concerns. The deployment of the man of feeling becomes for Byron a political statement: an aid for the articulation of his disappointment in post-Waterloo European politics and a longing for lost Revolutionary ideals. Through the analysis of the Canto's main organising tropes I will be arguing that Byron's ambivalent perspective on the outcome of Waterloo is the reason for the restless oscillation of conflicting forces in the poem. The essay will re-read Stanza 33's broken mirror simile in the context of eighteenth-century notions of sensibility and sympathy.
Performance and Stability of Commercial Wheat Cultivars under Terminal Heat Stress
Authors: Elbasyoni Ibrahim
Published: March 2018

Egypt, the fifteenth most populated country and the largest wheat importer worldwide, is vulnerable to global warming. Ten of the commercial and widely grown wheat cultivars were planted in two locations, i.e., Elbostan and Elkhazan for three successive seasons 2014/2015, 2015/2016, and 2016/2017 under two sowing dates (recommended and late). Elbostan and Elkhazan are the two locations used in this study because they represent newly reclaimed sandy soil and the Nile delta soil (clay), respectively. A split-plot, with main plots arranged as a randomized complete block design and three replicates, was used. The overall objective of this study was to identify the ideal cultivar for recommended conditions and heat stressed conditions. The results revealed that heat stress had a significant adverse impact on all traits while it raised the prevalence and severity of leaf and stem rust which contributed to overall yield losses of about 40%. Stability measurements, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) and genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction (GGE), were useful to determine the ideal genotypes for recommended and late sowing conditions (heat stressed). However, inconsistency was observed among some of these measurements. Cultivar “Sids12” was stable and outperformed other tested cultivars under combined sowing dates across environments. However, cultivar “Gemmeiza9” was more stable and outperformed other cultivars across environments under the recommended sowing date. Moreover, cultivar “Gemmeiza12” was the ideal cultivar for the late sown condition. Based on our findings, importing and evaluating heat stress tolerant wheat genotypes under late sown conditions or heat stressed conditions in Egypt is required to boost heat stress tolerance in the adapted wheat cultivars.
Power to Fuels: Dynamic Modeling of a Slurry Bubble Column Reactor in Lab-Scale for Fischer Tropsch Synthesis under Variable Load of Synthesis Gas
Authors: Seyednejadian Siavash , Rauch Reinhard , Bensaid Samir , Hofbauer Hermann , Weber Gerald , Saracco Guido
Published: March 2018

This research developed a comprehensive computer model for a lab-scale Slurry Bubble Column Reactor (SBCR) (0.1 m Dt and 2.5 m height) for Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis under flexible operation of synthesis gas load flow rates. The variable loads of synthesis gas are set at 3.5, 5, 7.5 m3/h based on laboratory adjustments at three different operating temperatures (483, 493 and 503 K). A set of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in the form of mass transfer and chemical reaction are successfully coupled to predict the behavior of all the FT components in two phases (gas and liquid) over the reactor bed. In the gas phase, a single-bubble-class-diameter (SBCD) is adopted and the reduction of superficial gas velocity through the reactor length is incorporated into the model by the overall mass balance. Anderson Schulz Flory distribution is employed for reaction kinetics. The modeling results are in good agreement with experimental data. The results of dynamic modeling show that the steady state condition is attained within 10 min from start-up. Furthermore, they show that step-wise syngas flow rate does not have a detrimental influence on FT product selectivity and the dynamic modeling of the slurry reactor responds quite well to the load change conditions.
A User-Centered Mobile Cloud Computing Platform for Improving Knowledge Management in Small-to-Medium Enterprises in the Chilean Construction Industry
Authors: Núñez Daniela , Ferrada Ximena , Neyem Andrés , Serpell Alfredo , Sepúlveda Marcos
Published: March 2018

Knowledge management (KM) is a key element for the development of small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry. This is particularly relevant in Chile, where this industry is composed almost entirely of SMEs. Although various KM system proposals can be found in the literature, they are not suitable for SMEs, due to usability problems, budget constraints, and time and connectivity issues. Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) systems offer several advantages to construction SMEs, but they have not yet been exploited to address KM needs. Therefore, this research is aimed at the development of a MCC-based KM platform to manage lessons learned in different construction projects of SMEs, through an iterative and user-centered methodology. Usability and quality evaluations of the proposed platform show that MCC is a feasible and attractive option to address the KM issues in SMEs of the Chilean construction industry, since it is possible to consider both technical and usability requirements.
Aerodynamic Analysis and Noise-Reducing Design of an Outside Rear View Mirror
Authors: Chu Yong-Ju , Shin Yong-Sang , Lee Seung-Yop
Published: March 2018

The outside rear view mirror (OSRVM) is installed on the exterior of vehicles to secure the side and rear views of the vehicle, but its extruded design causes unwanted aerodynamic noise and vibration during driving. In this study, additional line holes (inner dents) are made on the inner and outer edges of the mirror housing without a reduction in size in order to enhance the aerodynamic flow and noise around the mirror. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, this study compares the aerodynamic characteristics of the original and modified mirror models. The comparative analyses verify that the proposed OSRVM model with the inner ducts dramatically improves the velocity profiles and sound pressure levels.
The Hippo Pathway: Immunity and Cancer
Authors: Taha Zaid , Janse van Rensburg Helena , Yang Xiaolong
Published: March 2018

Since its discovery, the Hippo pathway has emerged as a central signaling network in mammalian cells. Canonical signaling through the Hippo pathway core components (MST1/2, LATS1/2, YAP and TAZ) is important for development and tissue homeostasis while aberrant signaling through the Hippo pathway has been implicated in multiple pathologies, including cancer. Recent studies have uncovered new roles for the Hippo pathway in immunology. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which Hippo signaling in pathogen-infected or neoplastic cells affects the activities of immune cells that respond to these threats. We further discuss how Hippo signaling functions as part of an immune response. Finally, we review how immune cell-intrinsic Hippo signaling modulates the development/function of leukocytes and propose directions for future work.
Catalytic Hydroisomerization Upgrading of Vegetable Oil-Based Insulating Oil
Authors: Phan Dieu-Phuong , Lee Eun
Published: March 2018

Due to its high biodegradability, high dielectric strength, and good thermal stability, vegetable oil is under consideration as an alternative transformer fluid for power system equipment, replacing traditional petroleum-based insulating oils. Its main drawbacks are its poor low-temperature properties arising from the crystallization of its long-chain normal paraffins, and its lower oxidative stability arising from its higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids. Hydroisomerization/isomerization over bifunctional catalysts is considered to be an efficient pathway to upgrade vegetable oil-based insulating oil; this converts saturated/unsaturated long-chain fatty acids to branched isomers. The efficiency of this process depends crucially on the behavior of the catalyst system. This paper extensively reviews recent results on the influence that the metal phase and acidity, the effects of pore channels, and the balance between metal and acid sites have upon the activity and selectivity of catalytic hydroisomerization.
Heavy Oil Upgrading and Enhanced Recovery in a Steam Injection Process Assisted by NiO- and PdO-Functionalized SiO2 Nanoparticulated Catalysts
Authors: Cardona Luisana , Arias-Madrid Daniela , Cortés Farid B. , Lopera Sergio H. , Franco Camilo A.
Published: March 2018

This work aims to investigate the effect of active catalytic nanoparticles on the improvement of the efficiency in recovery of a continuous steam injection process. Catalytic nanoparticles were selected through batch-adsorption experiments and the subsequent evaluation of the temperature for catalytic steam gasification in a thermogravimetric analyzer. A nanoparticulated SiO2 support was functionalized with 1.0 wt % of NiO and PdO nanocrystals, respectively, to improve the catalytic activity of the nanoparticles. Oil recovery was evaluated using a sand pack in steam injection scenarios in the absence and presence of a 500 mg/L SiNi1Pd1 nanoparticles-based nanofluid. The displacement test was carried out by constructing the base curves with water injection followed by steam injection in the absence and presence of the prepared treatment. The oil recovery increased 56% after steam injection with nanoparticles in comparison with the steam injection in the absence of the catalysts. The API gravity increases from 7.2° to 12.1°. Changes in the asphaltenes fraction corroborated the catalytic effect of the nanoparticles by reducing the asphaltenes content and the 620 °C+ residue 40% and 47%, respectively. Also, rheological measurements showed that the viscosity decreased by up to 85% (one order of magnitude) after the nanofluid treatment during the steam injection process.
MgAl-Layered Double Hydroxide Solid Base Catalysts for Henry Reaction: A Green Protocol
Authors: Abdellattif Magda , Mokhtar Mohamed
Published: March 2018

A series of MgAl-layered double hydroxide (MgAl-HT), the calcined form at 500 °C (MgAlOx), and the rehydrated one at 25 °C (MgAl-HT-RH) were synthesized. Physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface area of the as-synthesized, calcined, and rehydrated catalysts was determined by N2 physisorption at −196 °C. CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) was applied to determine the basic sites of catalysts. The catalytic test reaction was carried out using benzaldehyde and their derivatives with nitromethane and their derivatives. The Henry products (1–15) were obtained in a very good yield using MgAl-HT-RH catalyst either by conventional method at 90 °C in liquid phase or under microwave irradiation method. The mesoporous structure and basic nature of the rehydrated solid catalyst were responsible for its superior catalytic efficiency. The robust nature was determined by using the same catalyst five times, where the product % yield was almost unchanged significantly.
The High-Temperature Resistance Properties of Polysiloxane/Al Coatings with Low Infrared Emissivity
Authors: Zhao Jun , Luo Wei , Qi Lun , Yuan Le , Huang Gang , Huang Yan , Weng Xiaolong
Published: March 2018

High-temperature-resistant coatings with low infrared emissivity were prepared using polysiloxane resin and flake aluminum as the adhesive and pigment, respectively. The heat resistance mechanisms of the polysiloxane/Al coating were systematically investigated. The composition, surface morphology, infrared reflectance spectra, and thermal expansion dimension (ΔL) of the coatings were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), respectively. The results show that thermal decomposition of the resin and mismatch of ΔL between the coating and the substrate facilitate the high temperature failure of the coating. A suitable amount of flake aluminum pigments could restrain the thermal decomposition of the resin and could increase the match degree of ΔL between the coating and substrate, leading to an enhanced thermal resistance of the coating. Our results find that a coating with a pigment to binder ratio (P/B ratio) of 1.0 could maintain integrity until 600 °C, and the infrared emissivity was as low as 0.27. Hence, a coating with high-temperature resistance and low emissivity was obtained. Such coatings can be used for infrared stealth technology or energy savings in high-temperature equipment.
An Overview of DRAM-Based Security Primitives
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Nikolaos , Katzenbeisser Stefan , Chandy John , Tehranipoor Fatemeh
Published: March 2018

Recent developments have increased the demand for adequate security solutions, based on primitives that cannot be easily manipulated or altered, such as hardware-based primitives. Security primitives based on Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) can provide cost-efficient and practical security solutions, especially for resource-constrained devices, such as hardware used in the Internet of Things (IoT), as DRAMs are an intrinsic part of most contemporary computer systems. In this work, we present a comprehensive overview of the literature regarding DRAM-based security primitives and an extended classification of it, based on a number of different criteria. In particular, first, we demonstrate the way in which DRAMs work and present the characteristics being exploited for the implementation of security primitives. Then, we introduce the primitives that can be implemented using DRAM, namely Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and True Random Number Generators (TRNGs), and present the applications of each of the two types of DRAM-based security primitives. We additionally proceed to assess the security such primitives can provide, by discussing potential attacks and defences, as well as the proposed security metrics. Subsequently, we also compare these primitives to other hardware-based security primitives, noting their advantages and shortcomings, and proceed to demonstrate their potential for commercial adoption. Finally, we analyse our classification methodology, by reviewing the criteria employed in our classification and examining their significance.
A Ca(II) Coordination Polymer of 2-Carboxybenzaldehyde: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Catalytic Activity in Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Tai Xi-Shi , Guo Qian-Qin , Li Peng-Fei , Liu Li-Li
Published: March 2018

The coordination polymers constructed by carboxylate ligand have shown novel structures and excellent properties. Therefore, a new Ca(II) coordination polymer with 2-carboxybenzaldehyde ligand, [Ca(L)2(H2O)2]n (L = 2-carboxybenzaldehyde), has been synthesized. Its structure has been identified by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The Ca(II) coordination polymer exhibits a 1D chained structure by the bridging effect of carboxylate groups. The Ca(II) coordination polymer exhibited relatively good catalytic activity in the benzyl alcohol oxidation reaction with benzyl alcohol conversion (53.8%) and moderate benzaldehyde selectivity (83.3%).
Role of Bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium Cation [PNP]+ on the Crystal Packing of [PNP]+[HSeO3]− Solvate Salt
Authors: Canossa Stefano , Graiff Claudia
Published: March 2018

Selenate(IV) and hydrogen selenate(IV) salts of bulky cations are very interesting compounds for synthetic and kinetic studies. In this work, bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium ([PNP]+) chloride has been used, which aims to synthesize the corresponding selenate(IV) salt by an exchange reaction in the aqueous solution and subsequent crystallization by solvent evaporation. Unexpectedly, the procedure afforded a solvate form of the [PNP]+[HSeO3]− salt (1). In this solid phase, which has a structure that is determined by Single Crystal XRD, the anion tends to maximize the interactions with itself, although it leaves the cationic moiety to have only weak interactions with the anions and the solvent molecules. In turn, the latter builds a network of effective hydrogen bonds. This behavior opposes the general tendency of selenite(IV) and hydrogen selenite(IV) compounds, since these anions are commonly found to have formed effective hydrogen bonds with surrounding chemical species. Moreover, as the exchange reaction is non-quantitative, the exceeding traces of the starting bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride reagent reacted with bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium(II) to form the bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium hexachloropalladate (2). In the solid phase, [PNP]+ causes the absence of strong supramolecular interactions, which highlights the peculiar behavior of the cation in the crystal packing of its solid phases.
A Mathematical Realization of Entropy through Neutron Slowing Down
Authors: Ganapol Barry , Mostacci Domiziano , Molinari Vincenzo
Published: March 2018

The slowing down equation for elastic scattering of neutrons in an infinite homogeneous medium is solved analytically by decomposing the neutron energy spectrum into collision intervals. Since scattering physically smooths energy distributions by redistributing neutron energy uniformly, it is informative to observe how mathematics accommodates the scattering process, which increases entropy through disorder.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics as a Force Law
Authors: Schlitter Jürgen
Published: March 2018

The second law of thermodynamics states the increase of entropy, Δ S > 0 , for real processes from state A to state B at constant energy from chemistry over biological life and engines to cosmic events. The connection of entropy to information, phase-space, and heat is helpful but does not immediately convince observers of the validity and basis of the second law. This gave grounds for finding a rigorous, but more easily acceptable reformulation. Here, we show using statistical mechanics that this principle is equivalent to a force law ⟨ ⟨ f ⟩ ⟩ > 0 in systems where mass centers and forces can be identified. The sign of this net force--the average mean force along a path from A to B--determines the direction of the process. The force law applies to a wide range of processes from machines to chemical reactions. The explanation of irreversibility by a driving force appears more plausible than the traditional formulation as it emphasizes the cause instead of the effect of motions.
Probabilistic Teleportation of Arbitrary Two-Qubit Quantum State via Non-Symmetric Quantum Channel
Authors: Wang Kan , Yu Xu-Tao , Cai Xiao-Fei , Zhang Zai-Chen
Published: March 2018

Quantum teleportation has significant meaning in quantum information. In particular, entangled states can also be used for perfectly teleporting the quantum state with some probability. This is more practical and efficient in practice. In this paper, we propose schemes to use non-symmetric quantum channel combinations for probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary two-qubit quantum state from sender to receiver. The non-symmetric quantum channel is composed of a two-qubit partially entangled state and a three-qubit partially entangled state, where partially entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state and W state are considered, respectively. All schemes are presented in detail and the unitary operations required are given in concise formulas. Methods are provided for reducing classical communication cost and combining operations to simplify the manipulation. Moreover, our schemes are flexible and applicable in different situations.
Supercapacitor Electro-Mathematical and Machine Learning Modelling for Low Power Applications
Authors: Pozo Borja , Garate Jose , Ferreiro Susana , Fernandez Izaskun , Fernandez de Gorostiza Erlantz
Published: March 2018

Low power electronic systems, whenever feasible, use supercapacitors to store energy instead of batteries due to their fast charging capability, low maintenance and low environmental footprint. To decide if supercapacitors are feasible requires characterising their behaviour and performance for the load profiles and conditions of the target. Traditional supercapacitor models are electromechanical, require complex equations and knowledge of the physics and chemical processes involved. Models based on equivalent circuits and mathematical equations are less complex and could provide enough accuracy. The present work uses the latter techniques to characterize supercapacitors. The data required to parametrize the mathematical model is obtained through tests that provide the capacitors charge and discharge profiles under different conditions. The parameters identified are life cycle, voltage, time, temperature, moisture, Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and leakage resistance. The accuracy of this electro-mathematical model is improved with a remodelling based on artificial neuronal networks. The experimental data and the results obtained with both models are compared to verify and weigh their accuracy. Results show that the models presented determine the behaviour of supercapacitors with similar accuracy and less complexity than electromechanical ones, thus, helping scaling low power systems for given conditions.
Symmetric Fuzzy Logic and IBFOA Solutions for Optimal Position and Rating of Capacitors Allocated to Radial Distribution Networks
Authors: Kishore Chandan , Ghosh Smarajit , Karar Vinod
Published: March 2018

This paper suggests an innovative approach for the ideal placement and categorization of capacitors in radial distribution networks (RDNs) by applying symmetric fuzzy and improved bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (IBFOA) solutions. The reactive power reimbursement significantly enhances the function of the power system, and capacitor placement is an impressive technique used to reduce loss of the system. The capacitor allocation for distribution system problems involves determining the ideal location and size of the capacitor. In this work, load flow is performed at first to compute actual losses and voltages at different nodes without compensation. In the planned technique, the loss sensitivity factor (VSF) and voltage stability index (VSI) are utilized to determine the optimal location of capacitors in RDNs. Here, the IBFOA is used to determine the proper rating of the capacitor. The suggested scheme is applied on three different types of RDNs.
Impact Analysis of Customized Feedback Interventions on Residential Electricity Load Consumption Behavior for Demand Response
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Liming , Yu Yili , Li Gang , Li Jessica , Shafie-khah Miadreza , Catalão João
Published: March 2018

Considering the limitations of traditional energy-saving policies, a kind of energy conservation method called the Information Feedback to Residential Electricity Load Customers, which could impact the demand response capacity, has increasingly received more attention. However, most of the current feedback programs provide the same feedback information to all customers regardless of their diverse characteristics, which may reduce the energy-saving effects or even backfire. This paper attempts to investigate how different types of customers may change their behaviors under a set of customized feedback. We conducted a field survey study in Qinhuangdao (QHD), China. First, we conducted semi-structured interviews to classify four groups of customers of different energy-saving awareness, energy-saving potential, and behavioral variability. Then, 156 QHD households were surveyed using scenarios to collect feedback of different scenarios. Social science theories were used to guide the discussion on the behavior changes as a result of different feedback strategies and reveal the reasons for customers’ behaviors. Using the Chi-Square test of independence, the variables that have strong correlations with the categories of residents are extracted to provide references for residents’ classification. Finally, the practical implications and needs for future research are discussed.
A 3D Dynamic Lumped Parameter Thermal Network of Air-Cooled YASA Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
Authors: Mohamed Abdalla , Hemeida Ahmed , Rasekh Alireza , Vansompel Hendrik , Arkkio Antero , Sergeant Peter
Published: March 2018

To find the temperature rise for high power density yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) axial flux permanent magnet synchronous (AFPMSM) machines quickly and accurately, a 3D lumped parameter thermal model is developed and validated experimentally and by finite element (FE) simulations on a 4 kW YASA machine. Additionally, to get insight in the thermal transient response of the machine, the model accounts for the thermal capacitance of different machine components. The model considers the stator, bearing, and windage losses, as well as eddy current losses in the magnets on the rotors. The new contribution of this work is that the thermal model takes cooling via air channels between the magnets on the rotor discs into account. The model is parametrized with respect to the permanent magnet (PM) angle ratio, the PM thickness ratio, the air gap length, and the rotor speed. The effect of the channels is incorporated via convection equations based on many computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computations. The model accuracy is validated at different values of parameters by FE simulations in both transient and steady state. The model takes less than 1 s to solve for the temperature distribution.
An Algorithm for Online Inertia Identification and Load Torque Observation via Adaptive Kalman Observer-Recursive Least Squares
Authors: Yang Ming , Liu Zirui , Long Jiang , Qu Wanying , Xu Dianguo
Published: March 2018

In this paper, an on-line parameter identification algorithm to iteratively compute the numerical values of inertia and load torque is proposed. Since inertia and load torque are strongly coupled variables due to the degenerate-rank problem, it is hard to estimate relatively accurate values for them in the cases such as when load torque variation presents or one cannot obtain a relatively accurate priori knowledge of inertia. This paper eliminates this problem and realizes ideal online inertia identification regardless of load condition and initial error. The algorithm in this paper integrates a full-order Kalman Observer and Recursive Least Squares, and introduces adaptive controllers to enhance the robustness. It has a better performance when iteratively computing load torque and moment of inertia. Theoretical sensitivity analysis of the proposed algorithm is conducted. Compared to traditional methods, the validity of the proposed algorithm is proved by simulation and experiment results.
Linear and Nonlinear Causality between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Mexico 1965–2014
Authors: Gómez Mario , Ciarreta Aitor , Zarraga Ainhoa
Published: March 2018

This paper analyzes the causal link between aggregated and disaggregated levels of energy consumption and economic growth in Mexico between 1965 and 2014, with the presence of structural breaks stemming from the series. To that end, unit root with structural breaks, cointegration, and linear and nonlinear causality tests are employed. The results show that there is a long-run relationship between production, capital, labor, and energy, and linear causal links from total and disaggregated energy consumption to economic growth. A nonlinear causality also exists from energy consumption, the transport sector, capital, and labor to output. These results support the growth hypothesis, which maintains that energy is an important input factor for economic activity and that energy conservation policies impact the economic growth in Mexico.
An Improved Wireless Battery Charging System
Authors: Lee Woo-Seok , Kim Jin-Hak , Cho Shin-Young , Lee Il-Oun
Published: March 2018

This paper presents a direct wireless battery charging system. The output current of the series-series compensated wireless power transfer (SS-WPT) system is used as a current source, and the output voltage of AC-DC converter controls the current source. Therefore, the proposed wireless battery charging system needs no battery charging circuit to carry out charging profiles, and can solve space constraints and thermal problems in many battery applications. In addition, the proposed wireless battery charging system can implement easily most other charging profiles. In this paper, the proposed wireless battery charging system is implemented and the feasibility is verified experimentally according to constant-current constant-voltage charging profile or multi-step current charging profile.
Managing the Early Warning Systems of Invasive Species of Plants, Birds, and Mammals in Natural and Planted Pine Forests
Authors: Martínez-Jauregui María , Soliño Mario , Martínez-Fernández Jesús , Touza Julia
Published: March 2018

Plantations with alien forest species could be a major way for invasive plant and animal species to become introduced and naturally established in a territory, but the sensitivity of plantations with native forest species to invasive plant and animal species is still unknown. This paper studies the probability of the presence and the richness of invasive species of three different taxa (plants, birds, and mammals) in pine forests of southwestern Europe. To do so, the relative contribution from natural and planted forests is analysed to explain the presence and the richness of invasive species in 3950 cells (10 km × 10 km) covering Spain after controlling for the possible effects of variables related to geography, climate, land use, landscape, and human pressure on the environment. Our results show that man’s influence on the establishment of invasive species is notable. However, those forests that are the most intensely managed by man, such as pine plantations with native species, seem less susceptible to the establishment and propagation of invasive species. Reasons may be found in those planted pine forests being closely monitored, controlled, and managed by man. Therefore, it is argued that efforts related to the early warning systems of invasive species should be focused on natural pine forests.
Reasons for Choosing Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Sustainable Green Ecosystem Council (SGEC) Schemes and the Effects of Certification Acquisition by Forestry Enterprises in Japan
Authors: Sugiura Katsuaki , Oki Yoshinao
Published: March 2018

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Sustainable Green Ecosystem Council (SGEC) are deployed as forest certification schemes in Japan. This study aimed to identify the reasons that enterprises choose the FSC or the SGEC scheme and the effects of certification. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 126 forestry enterprises with certification as of May 2014. The results of questionnaire tabulation found different reasons for choosing FSC (high reliability of the international certification system) or SGEC (examination costs and difficulty of acquisition, certification acquisition by neighboring enterprises in the region, and guidance and information from familiar people and enterprises). The results suggest that choosing FSC or SGEC depended on international or domestic emphasis, reliability, cost, and difficulty of acquisition. Both schemes reportedly improved management planning, environmental impact assessments, and monitoring, but increased timber value was not reported. Japanese consumers’ understanding of forest certification should be enhanced and attention to forest management certification in Japan should increase because the SGEC now offers international certification. If SGEC certification is easier to obtain than FSC certification, and FSC is relatively expensive, the SGEC forest area should continue to expand.
The Cooney Ridge Fire Experiment: An Early Operation to Relate Pre-, Active, and Post-Fire Field and Remotely Sensed Measurements
Authors: Hudak Andrew , Freeborn Patrick , Lewis Sarah , Hood Sharon , Smith Helen , Hardy Colin , Kremens Robert , Butler Bret , Teske Casey , Tissell Robert , Queen Lloyd , Nordgren Bryce , Bright Benjamin , Morgan Penelope , Riggan Philip , Macholz Lee , Lentile Leigh , Riddering James , Mathews Edward
Published: March 2018

The Cooney Ridge Fire Experiment conducted by fire scientists in 2003 was a burnout operation supported by a fire suppression crew on the active Cooney Ridge wildfire incident. The fire experiment included measurements of pre-fire fuels, active fire behavior, and immediate post-fire effects. Heat flux measurements collected at multiple scales with multiple ground and remote sensors illustrate the spatial and temporal complexity of the fire progression in relation to fuels and fire effects. We demonstrate how calculating cumulative heat release can provide a physically based estimate of fuel consumption that is indicative of fire effects. A map of cumulative heat release complements estimates of ground cover constituents derived from post-fire hyperspectral imagery for mapping immediate post-fire ground cover measures of litter and mineral soil. We also present one-year and 10-year post-fire measurements of overstory, understory, and surface conditions in a longer-term assessment of site recovery. At the time, the Cooney Ridge Fire Experiment exposed several limitations of current state-of-science fire measurement methods, many of which persist in wildfire and prescribed fire studies to this day. This Case Report documents an important milestone in relating multiple spatiotemporal measurements of pre-fire, active fire, and post-fire phenomena both on the ground and remotely.
Numerical Study of Natural Gas/Diesel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion with Large Eddy Simulation and Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Model
Authors: Kakaee Amir-Hasan , Jafari Parvaneh , Paykani Amin
Published: March 2018

In the current study, a comparative study is performed using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence models on a natural gas/diesel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) engine. The numerical results are validated against the available research work in the literature. The RNG (Re-Normalization Group) k − ε and dynamic structure models are employed to model turbulent flow for RANS and LES simulations, respectively. Parameters like the premixed natural gas mass fraction, the second start of injection timing (SOI2) of diesel and the engine speed are studied to compare performance of RANS and LES models on combustion and pollutant emissions prediction. The results obtained showed that the LES and RANS model give almost similar predictions of cylinder pressure and heat release rate at lower natural gas mass fractions and late SOI2 timings. However, the LES showed improved capability to predict the natural gas auto-ignition and pollutant emissions prediction compared to RANS model especially at higher natural gas mass fractions.
UBE2C Is a Transcriptional Target of the Cell Cycle Regulator FOXM1
Authors: Nicolau-Neto Pedro , Palumbo Antonio , De Martino Marco , Esposito Francesco , De Almeida Simão Tatiana , Fusco Alfredo , Nasciutti Luiz , Meireles Da Costa Nathalia , Ribeiro Pinto Luis
Published: March 2018

FOXM1 (forkhead box protein M1) is a transcription factor that participates in all stages of tumor development, mainly through the control of cell cycle and proliferation, regulating the expression of genes involved in G1/S and G2/M transition and M phase progression. The ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2C) is a member of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome, promoting the degradation of several target proteins along cell cycle progression, during metaphase/anaphase transition. FOXM1 and UBE2C have been found overexpressed in a wide range of different solid tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether UBE2C is a transcriptional target of FOXM1, using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model, in addition to several cancer-deposited data. Our results show that FOXM1 and UBE2C expression present a positive correlation in normal tissues and in 25 distinct tumor types, including ESCC, where these genes are overexpressed. Moreover, FOXM1 binds to UBE2C promoter region in ESCC cell line and transcriptionally activates it, leading to UBE2C upregulation. In conclusion, this study provides evidences that FOXM1 transcriptionally regulates UBE2C expression in ESCC and their deregulation may be a general phenomenon in human neoplasias.
‘Licking the Chops of Memory’: Plotting the Social Sins of Jekyll and Hyde
Authors: Oulton Carolyn
Published: March 2018

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is hierarchical in its very title—alphabetically Hyde precedes Jekyll, but Jekyll’s superior education and culture are associated with social status whereas Hyde’s ‘Mr.’ is a courtesy title often hedged in with demonic or animalistic terms. But despite the division insisted on in the title, Jekyll’s wilful complicity in the fate that overtakes him is suggested in a series of clues, ranging from his symbolic association with vivisection to the ostentatious exclusion of a female voice (typically the source of spiritual guidance or inspiration in Victorian fiction). As Hyde engages in an ascending scale of brutal acts, beginning with the assault of a child, the middle-class male peer group attempts to exculpate or protect Jekyll from association with this rebarbative and criminal figure. But following the murder of Sir Danvers Carew, the climactic discovery of Hyde’s body provides the final evidence against Jekyll himself—in rejecting the possibility of religious salvation, he has deliberately chosen the evil that his final statement presents as the ‘assault’ of an ungovernable temptation.