bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Precision therapy of 6‐mercaptopurine in Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wang Li , Zhai Xiao‐Ying , Wen Li , Tang Fang , Yang Fan , Liu Xi‐Ting , Dong Lei , Zhi Li‐Juan , Shi Hai‐Yan , Hao Guo‐Xiang , Zheng Yi , Jacqz‐Aigrain Evelyne , Wang Tian‐You , Zhao Wei
Published: February 2020

Aims

Chinese children are more susceptible to the development of thiopurine‐induced leukopenia compared with Caucasian populations. The aim of our study was to establish a 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) dose–concentration–response relationship through exploration of pharmacogenetic factors involved in the thiopurine‐induced toxicities in Chinese paediatric patients afflicted by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).

Methods

Blood samples were obtained from ALL children treated with 6‐MP. We determined the metabolite steady‐state concentrations of 6‐MP in red blood cells (RBCs) by using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacogenetic analysis was carried out on patients' genomic DNA using the MassArray genotyping platform.

Results

Sixty children afflicted by ALL who received 6‐MP treatment were enrolled in this study. The median concentration of 6‐thioguanine in patients afflicted by leukopenia was 235.83 pmol/8 × 108 RBCs, which was significantly higher than for patients unafflicted by leukopenia (178.90 pmol/8 × 108 RBCs; P = 0.029). We determined the population special target 6‐thioguanine threshold to have equalled 197.50 pmol/8 × 108 RBCs to predict leukopenia risk in Chinese paediatric patients afflicted by ALL. Among 36 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms, our results indicated that NUDT15 (rs116855232) and IMPDH1 (rs2278293) were correlated with a 5.50‐fold and 5.80‐fold higher risk of leukopenia, respectively. MTHFR rs1801133 variants were found to have had a 4.46‐fold significantly higher risk of hepatotoxicity vs wild‐type genotype.

Conclusion

Our findings support the idea that predetermination of genotypes and monitoring of thiopurine metabolism for Chinese paediatric patients afflicted by ALL is necessary to effectively predict the efficacy of treatments and to minimize the adverse effects of 6‐MP maintenance therapy.
Traumatic experiences, family functioning, and mood disorder development in bipolar offspring
Authors: Koenders Manja A. , Mesman Esther , Giltay Erik J. , Elzinga Bernet M. , Hillegers Manon H. J.
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Studies in children of patients affected with bipolar disorder (BD; bipolar offspring) are at high risk to develop mood disorders. Our aim is to investigate how environmental factors such as childhood trauma and family functioning relate to the development of mood disorders in offspring at familial risk for BD.

Design

The current study is part of a longitudinal prospective cohort study among offspring of parents with BD.

Methods

The current study is part of the Dutch Bipolar Offspring Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study among adolescent offspring of a parent with BD. Bipolar offspring were psychiatrically evaluated at baseline and at 1‐, 5‐, and 12‐year follow‐up. Complete follow‐up data over de 12‐year follow‐up were available for 102 offspring. Childhood trauma was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and filled out by the offspring. Family functioning was reported by the mother with the 130‐item Questionnaire for Family Problems (QFP).

Results

Emotional maltreatment was significantly associated (HR = 1.82, CI 1.18–2.82, p = .007) with mood disorder onset in bipolar offspring. No association was found with the family functioning total score (HR = 1.04, CI 0.94–15, p = .085) nor its subscales.

Conclusions

The current study suggests that emotional maltreatment is associated with mood disorder development in bipolar offspring. Remarkably, the association of offspring‐reported emotional maltreatment and mood disorder onset was not reflected in parent‐reported family functioning (e.g., support and communication, openness or involvement). Possible explanations are discussed and warrant further study.

Practitioner points

Offspring of bipolar patients are at increased risk of developing mood disorders across the life‐time.

Emotional trauma contributes to the likelihood of developing mood disorders in bipolar offspring.

In the daily treatment of bipolar patients having children, attention should be given to parental style and difficulties.

Further research using multiple informant methods on childhood trauma an family functioning is needed to further disentangle the effects of these variables on the onset of psychopathology in bipolar offspring.
Comparison of two different minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostomy sheaths for the treatment of staghorn stones
Authors: Xu Guibin , Liang Jian , He Yongzhong , Li Xiezhao , Yang Weiqing , Lai Dehui , Zhao Haibo , Li Xun
Published: February 2020

Objective

To compare the safety and effectiveness of using a conventional nephrostomy sheath (NS) vs using a new NS with suction and evacuation functions in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) for the treatment of staghorn stones.

Patients and Methods

A prospective and randomised study of 60 patients with staghorn stones randomly assigned into two groups of 30 patients. One group underwent MPCNL using conventional NS, whereas the other group underwent MPCNL with suction‐evacuation NS (SENS). Patient demographics, stone characteristics, intraoperative data, perioperative data, and surgical results were collected and analysed.

Results

The patient demographics and stone characteristics were similar amongst the two groups. The SENS group had a significantly lower peak and a significantly lower average renal pelvic pressure (RPP) throughout the procedure. The SENS group was more efficient for stone removal and had a much shorter stone treatment time, a lesser use of the stone extractor, and ultimately a higher stone‐free rate (SFR). The effects of a lower RPP and shorter stone treatment time translated into less severe postoperative complications as measured per modified Clavien grade.

Conclusion

Using SENS in MPCNL for the treatment of staghorn stones has the advantages of lower RPP, increased effectiveness in stone retrieval, decreased surgery related complications, and an improved SFR.
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase in the CNS prevents and reverses morphine tolerance in male and female mice
Authors: Fotio Yannick , Palese Francesca , Guaman Tipan Pablo , Ahmed Faizy , Piomelli Daniele
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an intracellular serine amidase that terminates the signalling of various lipid messengers involved in pain regulation, including anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide. Here, we investigated the effects of pharmacological or genetic FAAH removal on tolerance to the anti‐nociceptive effects of morphine.

Experimental Approach

We induced tolerance in male and female mice by administering twice‐daily morphine for 7 days while monitoring nociceptive thresholds by the tail immersion test. The globally active FAAH inhibitor URB597 (1 and 3 mg·kg−1, i.p.) or the peripherally restricted FAAH inhibitor URB937 (3 mg·kg−1, i.p.) were administered daily 30 min prior to morphine, alone or in combination with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (3 mg·kg−1, i.p.), the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 (3 mg·kg−1, i.p.), or the PPAR‐α antagonist GW6471 (4 mg·kg−1, i.p.). Spinal levels of FAAH‐regulated lipids were quantified by LC/MS‐MS. Gene transcription was assessed by RT‐qPCR.

Key Results

URB597 prevented and reversed morphine tolerance in both male and female mice. This effect was mimicked by genetic FAAH deletion, but not by URB937. Treatment with AM630 suppressed, whereas treatment with AM251 or GW6471, attenuated the effects of URB597. Anandamide mobilization was enhanced in the spinal cord of morphine‐tolerant mice. mRNA levels of the anandamide‐producing enzyme N‐acyl‐phosphatidylethanolamine PLD (NAPE‐PLD) and the palmitoylethanolamide receptor PPAR‐α, but not those for CB2 , CB1 receptors or FAAH, were elevated in spinal cord

Conclusion and Implications

FAAH‐regulated lipid signalling in the CNS modulated opiate tolerance, suggesting FAAH as a potential target for opiate‐sparing medications.
Pea (Pisum sativum) allergy in children: Pis s 1 is an immunodominant major pea allergen and presents IgE binding sites with potential diagnostic value
Authors: Popp Jasmin , Trendelenburg Valérie , Niggemann Bodo , Randow Stefanie , Völker Elke , Vogel Lothar , Reuter Andreas , Spiric Jelena , Schiller Dirk , Beyer Kirsten , Holzhauser Thomas
Published: February 2020

Background

Food allergy to pea (Pisum sativum) has been rarely studied in children at the clinical and molecular levels.

Objective

To elucidate the allergenic relevance and diagnostic value of pea 7S globulin Pis s 1, nsLTP, and 2S albumins PA1 and PA2 in children.

Methods

Children with pea‐specific IgE ≥ 0.35 kUA/L and clinical evidence of pea allergy or tolerance were included in the study. IgE binding against pea total protein extract, recombinant (r) rPis s 1, rPA1, rPA2, and natural nsLTP was analysed using IgE immunoblot/inhibition. Mediator release potency was investigated in passively sensitized rat basophil leukaemia (RBL) 2H3‐cells. IgE binding to synthetic overlapping peptides of Pis s 1 was detected on multipeptide microarrays.

Results

19 pea‐sensitized children were included, 14 with doctors’ diagnosed allergy and 5 with tolerance to pea (median age 3.5 and 4.5 years, respectively). 11/14 (78%) pea‐allergic and 1/5 (20%) tolerant children were sensitized to Pis s 1. Under the reducing conditions of immunoblot analysis, IgE binding to rPA1 was negligible, sensitization to rPA2 and nsLTP undetectable. Compared to pea total protein extract, rPis s 1 displayed on average 58% IgE binding capacity and a 20‐fold higher mediator release potency. Selected Pis s 1‐related peptides displayed IgE binding in pea‐allergic but not in pea‐tolerant children.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

In this study group, Pis s 1 is a major immunodominant allergen in pea‐allergic children. Evidence for sensitization to nsLTP and 2S albumins was low but requires further verification with regard to conformational epitopes. Recombinant Pis s 1 and related peptides which were exclusively recognized by pea‐allergic children may improve in vitro diagnosis of pea allergy once verified in prospective studies with larger study groups.
Computed tomography‐guided biopsy for sub‐centimetre lung nodules: Technical success and diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Tao , Fu Yu‐Fei , Shi Yi‐Bing , Wang Jing‐Ya
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The differentiation of benign and malignant sub‐centimetre (≤10 mm) lung nodules (SCLNs) is challenging. Computed tomography (CT)‐guided biopsy has been widely used for the diagnosis of lung nodules or masses. However, studies regarding CT‐guided biopsies for SCLNs are still lacking.

Objectives

To evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of CT‐guided biopsies for SCLNs.

Methods

From December 2011 to October 2017, 102 patients with SCLNs underwent CT‐guided lung biopsies. Data on technical success, diagnostic performance and procedure‐related complications were collected and analysed.

Results

The technical success rate of CT‐guided biopsy for SCLNs was 99% (101/102). One patient failed to undergo the procedure. A total of 101 SCLNs in 101 patients were examined. The biopsy diagnostic results included 38 malignant cases, 1 suspected malignant case, 5 specific benign cases and 57 non‐specific benign cases. The final diagnoses included 49 malignant cases, 49 benign cases and 3 cases of undiagnosed lesions. The sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic accuracy were 80% (39/49), 100% (49/49) and 90% (88/98), respectively. Based on the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the independent risk factors for diagnostic failure were small tissue sample numbers (P = 0.048) and procedure‐related hemoptysis (P = 0.004). Pneumothorax was found in 13 patients (13%). Based on the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the independent risk factor for pneumothorax was the decubitus position (P = 0.011). Hemoptysis was found in seven patients (7%).

Conclusions

CT‐guided biopsy is a safe and highly accurate diagnostic method for SCLNs.
Thermal germination niches of Persoonia species and projected spatiotemporal shifts under a changing climate
Authors: Catelotti Katharine , Bino Gilad , Offord Cathy A.
Published: February 2020

Aim

Seasonal germination is critical in synchronizing seedling emergence with optimal conditions for survival but will be disrupted by climate change. Understanding how germination of threatened species with complex dormancy patterns will be affected by climate change is a priority for their management. By exploring the effects of temperature on germination for six Persoonia species ranging in rareness, this study aims to improve ex situ plant production and better understand the probable impacts of climate change on persistence of local populations.

Location

South‐eastern Australia.

Methods

The role of temperature on seed dormancy was explored using generalized additive models to predict germination probabilities for six Persoonia species ranging in rarity. Embryos were exposed to 24‐hr cycles of alternating 12‐hr warmer/light and 12‐hr cooler/dark combinations of temperatures between 8°C and 45°C. Optimal temperature conditions for germination were determined, and spatiotemporal changes in germination probability were predicted in response to expected temperatures under future climate change scenarios.

Results

Unique germination niches representing complex responses across diurnal regimes were identified for each species. Germination probability was predicted to decline in four species in response to warmer day or night temperatures and in two species in response to cooler day or night temperatures. Across bioregions, areas of likely germination largely aligned with species‐specific temperature sensitivity, with suitable germination niche declining in four species, one staying roughly the same and one increasing in physical range under predicted climate warming.

Main conclusions

In response to increased temperatures associated with climate change, germination probability varied from current rates. These changes were quantified both spatially and temporally and highlight expected challenges for persistence of some populations, particularly range restricted and rare species. Current understanding of extinction threat must consider future conditions, and these results highlight the urgent need to protect populations of these six Persoonia species that are currently threatened by habitat destruction and encourage future population persistence through restoration efforts.
Effect of neonatal therapy on the motor, cognitive, and behavioral development of infants born preterm: a systematic review
Authors: Khurana Sonia , Kane Audrey E , Brown Shaaron E , Tarver Talicia , Dusing Stacey C
Published: February 2020

Aim

To synthesize the existing literature and determine the efficacy of neonatal therapy, starting in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), on the motor, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes of infants born preterm.

Method

Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials or quasi‐randomized controlled trials of direct therapy early intervention for infants with a gestational age of less than 37 weeks, initiated in the NICU and delivered by a therapist or parent with therapist support. Quality was evaluated using the Cochrane standardized risk of bias assessment tool. Recommendations were made using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach.

Results

Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were categorized into four intervention categories: (1) parent‐delivered motor intervention (PDMI); (2) therapist‐delivered postural control intervention (TDPCI); (3) developmental care; and (4) oromotor intervention. Risk of bias varied from low (10 studies) to high (three studies) or was unclear (two studies).

Interpretation

Preliminary support indicates that daily PDMI improves motor and cognitive outcomes in the short‐term and possibly long‐term. TDPCI is effective in promoting short‐term gains in motor development. Developmental care programs designed by a neonatal therapist appear to be effective in improving short‐term behavior but are inconclusive for motor and cognitive outcomes or long‐term behavioral outcomes. Regarding oromotor interventions, there is insufficient research to be confident in their efficacy on improving developmental outcomes.

What this paper adds

Parent‐delivered motor interventions (PDMIs) are more effective in improving motor and cognitive outcomes than other interventions.

Preliminary support indicates that daily PDMI improves motor and cognitive outcomes in the short‐ and possibly long‐term.

Therapist‐delivered postural control interventions are effective in promoting short‐term gains in motor development.

Developmental care programs designed by a neonatal therapist are effective in improving the short‐term behavior of infants born preterm.

Oral motor interventions were found to have no effect on improving developmental outcomes.
A safety and pharmacodynamics study of temelimab, an antipathogenic human endogenous retrovirus type W envelope monoclonal antibody, in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Curtin Francois , Champion Bernard , Davoren Peter , Duke Sally , Ekinci Elif I. , Gilfillan Chris , Morbey Claire , Nathow Thomas , O'Moore‐Sullivan Trisha , O'Neal David , Roberts Adam , Stranks Stephen , Stuckey Bronwyn , Vora Parind , Malpass Sam , Lloyd David , Maëstracci‐Beard Nicole , Buffet Bénédicte , Kornmann Gabrielle , Bernard Corinne , Porchet Hervé , Simpson Richard
Published: February 2020

Aim

To report the first study of temelimab, a monoclonal antibody neutralizing the pathogenic human endogenous retrovirus type W envelope, in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Materials and Methods

This double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial recruited adult patients with T1D within 4 years postdiagnosis and remaining C‐peptide secretion. Sixty‐four patients were randomized (2:1) to monthly temelimab 6 mg/kg or placebo during 24 weeks followed by a 24‐week, open‐label extension, during which all patients received temelimab. The primary objective was the safety and tolerability of temelimab. The secondary objective was to assess the pharmacodynamics response such as C‐peptide levels, insulin use, HbA1c, hypoglycaemia and autoantibodies.

Results

Temelimab was well tolerated without any group difference in the frequency or severity of adverse events. Concerning exploratory endpoints, there was no difference in the levels of C‐peptide, insulin use or HbA1c between treatment groups at weeks 24 and 48. The frequency of hypoglycaemia events was reduced with temelimab (P = 0.0004) at week 24 and the level of anti‐insulin antibodies was lower with temelimab (P < 0.01); the other autoantibodies did not differ between groups.

Conclusions

Temelimab appeared safe in patients with T1D. Pharmacodynamics signals (hypoglycaemia and anti‐insulin antibodies) under temelimab were observed. Markers of β‐cell functions were not modified by treatment. These results need to be further explored in younger patients with T1D with earlier disease onset.
Relationship of left atrial expansion index to exercise tolerance, pretest probability of restenosis, and positive predictive value of treadmill test in coronary artery disease
Authors: Hsiao Chao‐Sheng , Hsiao Shih‐Hung
Published: February 2020

Background

Whether left atrial (LA) expansion index is associated with coronary restenosis, and exercise capacity (EC) reduction in coronary artery disease has not been established.

Methods

This study analyzed 342 consecutive patients who had received a coronary stent implant. A treadmill exercise test (TET) was administered in all participants. The LA expansion indices were measured immediately before and after TET. Maximal EC measured on a breath‐by‐breath basis by a metabolic cart with gas analyzers and recorded as metabolic equivalent task. All patients with positive TET results received angiography, and those with restenosis received complete revascularization by either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or bypass surgery. The LA expansion index and EC before and 1 month after PCI were then compared.

Results

Out of 342 patients, 74 had positive TET results, and 54 had restenosis in angiography. Low LA expansion index was associated with poor EC. In patients with LA expansion index > 200%, only 5% had restenosis with 38.5% positive predictive value (PPV) of TET. In patients with LA expansion index < 100%, however, 64.3% had restenosis with 94.7% PPV of TET. Restenosis induced low pre‐TET LA expansion index and further decline during TET. The LA expansion index significantly (P .001) improved from 133 ± 64% before PCI to184 ± 86% after PCI, and the improvement corresponded with EC recovery. A 10% reduction in LA expansion index was associated with a 15% increase in pretest probability of restenosis.

Conclusion

The LA expansion index is associated with EC, pretest probability of restenosis, and PPV of TET. Revascularization improves both EC and LA expansion index.
Contrasting latitudinal patterns in diversity and stability in a high‐latitude species‐rich moth community
Authors: Antão Laura H. , Pöyry Juha , Leinonen Reima , Roslin Tomas
Published: February 2020

Aim

Biodiversity is currently undergoing rapid restructuring across the globe. However, the nature of biodiversity change is not well understood, as community‐level changes may hide differential responses in individual population trajectories. Here, we quantify spatio‐temporal community and stability dynamics using a long‐term high‐quality moth monitoring dataset.

Location

Finland, Northern Europe.

Time period

1993–2012.

Major taxa studied

Nocturnal moths (Lepidoptera).

Methods

We quantified patterns of change in species richness, total abundance, dominance and temporal variability at different organizational levels over a 20 year period and along a latitudinal gradient of 1,100 km. We used mixed‐effects and linear models to quantify temporal trends for the different community and stability metrics and to test for latitudinal (or longitudinal) effects.

Results

We found contrasting patterns for different community metrics, and strong latitudinal patterns. While total moth abundance has declined, species richness has simultaneously increased over the study period, but with rates accelerating with latitude. In addition, we revealed a latitudinal pattern in temporal variability—the northernmost locations exhibited higher variability over time, as quantified by both metrics of richness and aggregated species population trends.

Main conclusions

When combined, our findings likely reflect an influx of species expanding their ranges poleward in response to warming. The overall decline in abundance and the latitudinal effect on temporal variability highlight potentially severe consequences of global change for community structure and integrity across high‐latitude regions. Importantly, our results underscore that increases in species richness may be paralleled by a loss of individuals, which in turn might affect higher trophic levels. Our findings suggest that the ongoing global species redistribution is affecting both community structure and stability over time, leading to compounded and partly opposing effects of global change depending on which biodiversity dimension we focus on.
New score including daily life independence levels with dementia is associated with the onset of deep vein thrombosis in frail older adults
Authors: Nakanishi Keisuke , Kanda Tsugiyasu , Kobata Takashi , Mori Masayuki , Yamada Shinya , Kasamaki Yuji
Published: February 2020

Aim

The detailed risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remain unknown, and no efficient tool to assess the risk of the development of DVT among older adults has been established. This study aimed to clarify the risk factors, including the level of daily life independence, and develop an assessment score for DVT in older patients.

Methods

We recruited 252 patients aged ≧65 years with suspected deep vein thrombosis. Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis, cognitive impairment, laboratory data and level of daily life independence were analyzed to calculate the odds ratios for the onset of DVT with logistic regressions. The Himi score was generated with factors significantly related to DVT by adjusting the respective odds ratios. The discrimination accuracy of the Himi score associated with the onset of DVT was compared with those of conventional scores (Wells score, Padua score) based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

Low levels of daily life independence, D‐dimer level >3.0 μg/mL, anticoagulant use, cancer and immobilization or symptoms of the lower limbs were associated with the onset of DVT. The discrimination accuracy of Himi scores composed of these related factors was significantly higher than those of the Wells and Padua scores.

Conclusions

Achieving a better performance than did the Wells and Padua scores, the Himi score could be used to assess the risk of DVT in frail older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 414–421.
Looking through model medieval green glasses: From color to recipe
Authors: Hunault Myrtille O. J. Y. , Loisel Claudine
Published: February 2020

The colors of medieval stained glasses depend on their chemical composition. The redox interactions in glass between iron and copper and their influence on the color were investigated in two soda‐lime silicate model glasses. Both glasses have close iron and copper redox ratios and copper oxidizes iron when the iron content is smaller than the copper content. The redox speciation of iron and copper was determined using combining x‐ray and optical absorption spectroscopies in relation with the resulting color. The molar extinction coefficient of Cu2+ was estimated from the combined analysis to be 32 mol/L/cm. The glass color change from green to blue‐green color is assigned to the decrease of the total iron content, confirming that ancient glassmakers could control the final color with the glass recipe. These results provide reference data for further spectroscopic investigations of medieval stained glasses. Comparison with ancient copper‐colored green glass compositions suggests that the higher ratio of copper to iron total contents was imposed by the more reducing melting conditions in medieval furnaces.
The clinical and prognostic significance of FOXN3 downregulation in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Zhang Jinjing , Wang Yue , Mo Wenbin , Zhang Rui , Li Yan
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The expression of forkhead box N3 (FOXN3), also known as checkpoint suppressor 1 (CHES1), is reduced in many types of tumours. However, the clinical significance of FOXN3 and its potential role in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remain largely unknown.

Methods

A total of 117 de novo AML patients newly diagnosed between December 2015 and January 2018 were included in this study. The expression of FOXN3 and its clinical significance were analysed in these AML patients.

Results

The expression of FOXN3 was significantly downregulated in AML. In addition, lower FOXN3 expression was associated with older age and higher white blood cell counts. Moreover, a close correlation was observed between lower FOXN3 expression and a lower complete remission (CR) rate and shorter overall survival (OS), which was further analysed by multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

These data suggest that FOXN3 is a novel biomarker in AML and that lower FOXN3 expression predicts poor chemotherapy response and prognosis in AML.
Outcomes of direct pulp capping in vital primary teeth with cariously and non‐cariously exposed pulp: A systematic review
Authors: Garrocho‐Rangel Arturo , Esparza‐Villalpando Vicente , Pozos‐Guillen Amaury
Published: February 2020

Objective

To summarize the clinical/radiographic outcomes from the evidence of studies published since 1988 on different DPC agents applied on vital pulp–exposed primary teeth.

Methods

The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Dentistry and Oral Science Source, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1988 and December 2019, with at least 6 months of follow‐up, comparing the clinical and radiographic success rates of two or more DPC agents applied in primary teeth with cariously and non‐cariously exposed pulp.

Results

Initial searches identified 83 potentially relevant studies on DPC in primary teeth. Sixty‐four of these studies were excluded, whereas 19 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria and were retrieved in full text for data extraction and a methodological quality assessment. Finally, 12 of these articles were included in the systematic review. Low and moderate risks of bias were observed. Overall, DPC clinical and radiographic success rates among the selected studies ranged between 53% and 100%.

Conclusions

For DPC in primary teeth, this systematic review found that diverse new biologically and compatible agents with promising success rates are currently available for paediatric dentistry practitioners. There is no evidence that justifies discarding the judicious use of DPC procedures in primary teeth.
Epidemiology, clinical features, and resource utilization associated with respiratory syncytial virus in the community and hospital
Authors: Smithgall Marie , Maykowski Philip , Zachariah Philip , Oberhardt Matthew , Vargas Celibell Y. , Reed Carrie , LaRussa Philip , Saiman Lisa , Stockwell Melissa S.
Published: February 2020

Background

The epidemiology, clinical features, and resource utilization of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases in the community and the hospital are not fully characterized.

Methods

We identified individuals of all ages with laboratory‐confirmed RSV from two sources, a community cohort undergoing surveillance for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and hospitalized patients from the same geographic area of New York City between 2013 and 15. The epidemiology, clinical features, and resource utilization (antibiotic/steroid/ribavirin usage, chest X‐rays, respiratory‐support (continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP], mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]), and indicators of disease severity (respiratory‐support, and/or ICU admission or death)) were compared among age groups using univariate and bivariate analyses.

Results

In the community cohort (1777 people with 1805 ARIs), 66(3.7%) tested RSV‐positive (3.8% of <1‐year‐olds; 3.8% of adults ≥65); 40.9% were medically attended, and 23.1% reported antibiotic usage. Among 40,461 tests performed on hospital patients, 2.7% were RSV‐positive within ± 2 days of admission (37.3% <1 year old; 17.4% ≥65 years old). Among RSV‐positive hospitalized adults ≥65%, 92.7%, 89.6% and 78.1% received a chest X‐ray, antibiotics and/or steroids respectively, compared with 48.9%, 45.7%, and 48.7% of children <1. Severe illness occurred in 27.0% RSV‐positive hospitalized <1‐year‐olds and 19.8% ≥65‐year‐olds.

Conclusions

Respiratory syncytial virus had a demonstrated impact in the community and hospital. Only 40% of RSV community cases were medically attended. In the hospitalized‐cohort, <1‐ and ≥ 65‐year‐olds accounted for the majority of patients and had similar rates of severe illness. In addition, resource utilization was high in older adults, making both young children and older adults important potential RSV vaccine targets.
Quick response and omnichannel retail operations with the ship‐to‐store program
Authors: Yang Daojian , Zhang Xiujie
Published: February 2020

To better integrate online businesses with offline stores, fast‐fashion retailers roll out the “ship‐to‐store” (STS) initiative, which is an omnichannel fulfillment method that allows consumers to order online and have their parcels delivered to selected stores for pickup. To study the impact of STS on fast‐fashion operations, we consider four scenarios: multichannel retailing, multichannel retailing with quick response (QR), omnichannel retailing with STS, and omnichannel retailing with both STS and QR. Moreover, we investigate how STS influences the value of QR. The results show that although STS benefits firms in many situations, STS under a QR strategy can reduce a retailer's profits when inventory information disclosure due to STS dampens cross‐selling opportunities. Our findings also reveal that the implementation of STS may lower the value of QR when customers who encounter stockouts offline opt to purchase online directly rather than use STS.
Root and shoot responses of upland New Rice for Africa varieties to fluctuating soil moisture conditions as affected by different levels of nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Menge Daniel Makori , Kano‐Nakata Mana , Yamauchi Akira , Suralta Roel Rodriguez , Makihara Daigo
Published: February 2020

Drought cycling and soil re‐watering trends due to intermittent rainfall patterns are key stress factors that influence rice growth and yield under upland cultivation conditions. However, upland rice adaptation responses to fluctuating soil moisture conditions remain poorly understood. This study investigated root and shoot responses of upland New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties to episodic drought and re‐watering during growth. We examined root and shoot growth of NERICA 1 and NERICA 4 compared with those of IR72, an improved lowland variety, and Dular, a traditional drought‐tolerant variety, in terms of soil moisture fluctuations with different levels of nitrogen fertilization under field conditions that impeded deep root development. During soil moisture fluctuation, all varieties reduced shoot dry weight compared with well‐watered plants, regardless of nitrogen fertilization levels. However, total root length for the three upland varieties was enhanced by soil moisture fluctuations at moderate and high nitrogen fertilization, while that of the lowland variety was reduced. Comparing root development during water fluctuations revealed that NERICA 1 had a greater root system than NERICA 4, which was attributed to lateral root development. Furthermore, we found that NERICA varieties increase lateral root mass during soil desiccation under adequate nitrogen fertilization, while Dular and IR72 reduced their root growth rate during drought and increased it after re‐watering. Both root growth patterns developed, from around maximum tillering to heading. The analysis of regression between root elongation and shoot growth with fluctuating soil moisture indicated that an enhanced root system during drought, on adequate nitrogen fertilization, can contribute to shoot growth when sufficient water becomes available, specifically around the maximum tillering to the heading growth stage of rice.
Transition in temperature scaling behaviors and super temperature stable polarization in BiScO3–PbZrO3–PbTiO3 system
Authors: Hu Querui , Yang Ying , Li Ling , Wang Yiping , Chen Lang , Yuan Guoliang , Zhang Shantao
Published: February 2020

Temperature scaling of dynamic ferroelectric hysteresis for the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) compositions in xBiScO3–(1‐x‐y)PbZrO3–yPbTiO3 (xBS–(1‐x‐y)PZ–yPT, 0.018 ≤ x ≤ 0.264) ternary system was systematically investigated. The power‐law relation was obtained for remanent polarization Pr and temperature T, that is, Pr ∝ Tβ. It is interesting to find that the power‐law exponent β could be modulated by BiScO3 content x. With the increase of x from 0.018 to 0.264, β varies from −1.09398 to 2.44147. Transition of β from negative to positive produces in the vicinity of 0.054BS–0.476PZ–0.470PT ceramic. At this composition, the magnitude of β is very close to zero with value of only −0.01567, implying an almost temperature‐independent polarization characteristic of the ceramic. Comparing with the conventional PZT‐based piezoelectric ceramics that usually with negative exponent β, when x > 0.054, the xBS–(1‐x‐y)PZ–yPT ceramics show positive β value, so that the ferroelectric polarization is enhanced with increasing temperature. Such a positive temperature dependence of ferro‐/piezoelectric property makes the ternary system a promising candidate for high‐temperature applications.
Himalayan wolf distribution and admixture based on multiple genetic markers
Authors: Werhahn Geraldine , Liu Yanjiang , Meng Yao , Cheng Chen , Lu Zhi , Atzeni Luciano , Deng Zhixiong , Kun Shi , Shao Xinning , Lu Qi , Joshi Jyoti , Man Sherchan Adarsh , Karmacharya Dibesh , Kumari Chaudhary Hemanta , Kusi Naresh , Weckworth Byron , Kachel Shannon , Rosen Tatjana , Kubanychbekov Zairbek , Karimov Khalil , Kaden Jennifer , Ghazali Muhammad , Macdonald David W. , Sillero‐Zubiri Claudio , Senn Helen
Published: February 2020

Aim

We explore the phylogeography of Himalayan wolves using multiple genetic markers applied on a landscape‐scale dataset and relate our findings to the biogeographic history of the region.

Location

Himalayas of Nepal, the Tibetan Plateau of China and mountain ranges of Central Asia.

Taxon

Himalayan wolf (also called the Tibetan wolf), Canis lupus chanco.

Methods

We present a large‐scale, non‐invasive study of Himalayan wolves from across their estimated range. We analysed 280 wolf scat samples from western China, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan at two mtDNA loci, 17 microsatellite loci, four non‐synonymous SNPs in three nuclear genes related to the hypoxia pathway, and ZF genes on both sex chromosomes.

Results

Our results corroborate previous studies showing that the Himalayan wolf forms a distinct lineage adapted to high altitudes in excess of 4,000 m elevation. We found a correlation between hypoxia adaptation and the divergent Himalayan wolf mtDNA haplotype found across the Tibetan Plateau of Qinghai, the Tibetan Autonomous Region and the Nepalese Himalayas. We identified a region of admixture between Himalayan and grey wolves at the boundary of their distributions, where the Tibetan Plateau elevation gradually drops.

Main Conclusion

Based on multiple genetic markers, the Himalayan wolf forms a reciprocally monophyletic lineage with a unique adaptation to high altitude. We propose that the divergence of the lineage is related to past uplift of the region, and that the lineage maintains its high‐altitude niche, in part, by means of its genetic adaptation to hypoxia. We conclude that the Himalayan wolf merits taxonomic recognition and designation as an evolutionary significant unit (ESU).
Effects of providing partial hypotheses as a support for simulation‐based inquiry learning
Authors: Kuang Xiulin , Eysink Tessa H.S. , de Jong Ton
Published: February 2020

Hypothesis generation is an important but difficult process for students. This study investigated the effects of providing students with support for hypothesis generation, with regard to the testability and complexity of the generated hypotheses, the quality of the subsequent inquiry learning processes and knowledge acquisition. Fifty‐two secondary school students completed three prior knowledge tests and worked on an inquiry task in the domain of force and motion, concerning the topic of Newton's first law of motion. They received either a set of terms (variables, conditions and relations) to help them generate hypotheses (T condition, n = 23) or the same set of terms plus a partial hypothesis to start from (T + PHy condition, n = 29). Results showed that students in the T + PHy condition generated more complex hypotheses, performed better at data collection and acquired more domain knowledge than students in the T condition. No effects of prior knowledge were found.
Treatment of acne with spironolactone: a retrospective review of 395 adult patients at Mayo Clinic, 2007–2017
Authors: Roberts E.E. , Nowsheen S. , Davis M.D.P. , McEvoy M.T. , Newman C.C. , Sartori Valinotti J.C. , Sciallis G.F. , Torgerson R.R. , Wetter D.A.
Published: February 2020

Background

Few large studies have assessed spironolactone treatment of adult female acne.

Objectives

To explore the role of spironolactone in the treatment of adult female acne.

Methods

We performed a retrospective case series assessing the efficacy of spironolactone treatment of a cohort of women evaluated at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from 2007 through 2017.

Results

In total, 395 patients (median age, 32 years) received a median spironolactone dose of 100 mg daily. Approximately two‐thirds of patients (66.1%) had a complete response; 85.1% had a complete response or a partial response greater than 50%. Median times to initial response and maximum response were 3 and 5 months. Efficacy was observed across all severity subtypes of acne, including those with papulopustular and nodulocystic acne. Patients received long‐term treatment with spironolactone (median duration, 13 months) and had few adverse effects.

Conclusions

Spironolactone is a safe and effective treatment of acne for women.
The top 100 most cited articles in rosacea: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Y. , Zhang H. , Fang R. , Tang K. , Sun Q.
Published: February 2020

Background

Many articles in rosacea have been published. Bibliometric analysis is helpful to determine the most influential studies in a specific field.

Objective

To identify the top 100 most cited articles in rosacea using the bibliometric analysis method.

Methods

We searched in the Web of Science database on 20 November 2019. Articles were listed in descending order by their total citations. The top 100 most cited articles in rosacea were identified and analysed.

Results

The top 100 most cited articles were published between 1971 and 2015. The largest number of articles was published in a single interval in 2011–2015. The average annual citations were constantly ascending, and the total citations were positively correlated with annual citations. The 100 articles were classified into different research focuses: treatment (35%), pathogenesis (27%), clinical features and diagnosis (14%), pathophysiology (6%), associated diseases (4%), epidemiology (3%) and others (11%). A total of 19 articles were randomized controlled trials (RCT), 14 focused on the association between rosacea and Demodex, and five focused on the association between rosacea and Helicobacter pylori. Twenty‐five publications focused on a specific subtype of rosacea, mainly papulopustular and ocular rosacea. The 100 articles were published in 32 journals. A total of 79 different first corresponding authors were from 20 different countries, mostly in North America and Europe. Steinhoff. M from University of California published the most articles as the corresponding author.

Conclusions

This study identified the top 100 most cited articles in rosacea and analysed their bibliometric characteristics, which may pave the way for further research.
Synergistic effect of peppermint and garlic essential oil on fate of Kluyveromyces marxianus in Zucchini Bouranee
Authors: Fadavi Alireza , Pajohi‐Alamoti Mohammadreza , Karami Mostafa
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of garlic (GEO) and peppermint (PEO) essential oils on Kluyveromyces marxianus (K. marxianus) in zucchini bouranee and also to assess the product's functional physicochemical properties during storage. The results showed that the combined use of the GEO and PEO caused a faster decrease in the yeast count. The growth rate of K. marxianus reduced significantly with increasing the EOs concentration (p < .05). No significant difference was found between amounts of the dry matter of the treatments until the 14th day. The syneresis percentages were significantly different between the treatments during storage. Meanwhile, the GEO treatments had a higher syneresis rate compared with the PEO treatments (p < .05). The organoleptic assays showed that the GEO 0.05% treatment obtained the highest score. As a result, the antimicrobial properties of the EOs, especially GEO, could increase the zucchini bouranee shelf life.
Effect of chitosan edible coating enriched with lemon verbena extract and essential oil on the shelf life of vacuum rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Rezaeifar Maryam , Mehdizadeh Tooraj , Mojaddar Langroodi Ali , Rezaei Fatemeh
Published: February 2020

In this research, the antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics of the chitosan (CH) coating incorporated with lemon verbena essential oil (LVEO) and extract (LVE) on the quality of the rainbow trout packed by vacuum packaging at 4°C were investigated. Samples evaluated include the following: Control, VP, CH, CH‐LVE 2%, CH‐LVEO 1%, and CH‐LVE 1%‐LVEO 0.5% for 16 days at 3 days intervals. All of the samples significantly reduced Psychrotrophic bacteria, total viable counts, Enterobacteriaceae, and H2S producing bacteria as compared with control during keeping time. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, peroxide value, total volatile basic nitrogen, and pH value were detected lower in all of the samples than control. CH incorporated with LVE and LVEO gave an agreeable effect on sensory characteristics. Samples containing CH‐LVE 1%‐LVEO 0.5% was often in priority by sensory assessors. Generally, LV can be applied as a substitution for chemical preservatives in fish meat.
Genotype‐phenotype correlation in a novel ABHD12 mutation underlying PHARC syndrome
Authors: Thimm Andreas , Rahal Ahmad , Schoen Ulrike , Abicht Angela , Klebe Stephan , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Hagenacker Tim , Stettner Mark
Published: February 2020

PHARC syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the ABHD12 gene. It is a genetically heterogeneous and clinically variable disease, which is characterized by demyelinating polyneuropathy, hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and early‐onset cataract and can easily be misdiagnosed as other neurologic disorders with a similar clinical picture, such as Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease and Refsum disease. We describe the genotype‐phenotype correlation of two siblings with a novel genotype underlying PHARC syndrome. The genotype was identified using next‐generation sequencing. We examined both patients by means of thorough history taking and clinical examination, nerve conduction studies (NCS), brain imaging, and optical coherence tomography to establish a genotype‐phenotype correlation. We identified a novel homozygous point mutation (c.784C > T, p.Arg262*) in the ABHD12 gene. This mutation was detected in both siblings, who had bilateral hearing loss and cataracts, signs of cerebellar ataxia, and neuropathy with a primarily demyelinating pattern in NCS. In one case, retinitis pigmentosa was also evident. As PHARC syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, our findings highlight the importance of an interdisciplinary diagnostic workup with clinical and molecular genetic testing to avoid a misdiagnosis as Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease or Refsum disease.