bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Seismic Risk Assessment by Integrating Direct Economic Loss and Loss of Statistical Life: An Empirical Study in Xiamen, China
Authors: Zhou Shutian , Zhai Guofang , Shi Yijun , Lu Yuwen
Published: November 2020

The growing densities of human and economic activities in cities lead to more severe consequences when a catastrophe such as an earthquake occurs. This study on urban seismic risk evaluation is carried out from the perspective of the direct loss caused by disasters in urban areas, including the measurement of both the expected direct economic loss and loss of life in the face of characteristic earthquakes. Aiming to estimate, quantify and visualize the earthquake risk in each unit of urban space, this research proposes to assess urban seismic risk by integrating the direct economic loss and the loss of statistical life in a disaster, with consideration of diverse earthquake frequencies. Empirical research of the proposed assessment framework and corresponding models is then conducted to measure urban seismic risk in Xiamen, China. Key findings of the case study include the expected direct economic losses and the expected number of deaths in three characteristic earthquakes, their estimated spatial distributions, the average loss of the value of a statistical life (VSL) of one average local resident and the overall seismic risk distributions in Xiamen.
Combination of Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel-1 SAR Time-Series Data for Mapping Paddy Fields in Parts of West and Central Java Provinces, Indonesia
Authors: Arjasakusuma Sanjiwana , Swahyu Kusuma Sandiaga , Rafif Raihan , Saringatin Siti , Wicaksono Pramaditya
Published: November 2020

The rise of Google Earth Engine, a cloud computing platform for spatial data, has unlocked seamless integration for multi-sensor and multi-temporal analysis, which is useful for the identification of land-cover classes based on their temporal characteristics. Our study aims to employ temporal patterns from monthly-median Sentinel-1 (S1) C-band synthetic aperture radar data and cloud-filled monthly spectral indices, i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), from Landsat 8 (L8) OLI for mapping rice cropland areas in the northern part of Central Java Province, Indonesia. The harmonic function was used to fill the cloud and cloud-masked values in the spectral indices from Landsat 8 data, and smile Random Forests (RF) and Classification And Regression Trees (CART) algorithms were used to map rice cropland areas using a combination of monthly S1 and monthly harmonic L8 spectral indices. An additional terrain variable, Terrain Roughness Index (TRI) from the SRTM dataset, was also included in the analysis. Our results demonstrated that RF models with 50 (RF50) and 80 (RF80) trees yielded better accuracy for mapping the extent of paddy fields, with user accuracies of 85.65% (RF50) and 85.75% (RF80), and producer accuracies of 91.63% (RF80) and 93.48% (RF50) (overall accuracies of 92.10% (RF80) and 92.47% (RF50)), respectively, while CART yielded a user accuracy of only 84.83% and a producer accuracy of 80.86%. The model variable importance in both RF50 and RF80 models showed that vertical transmit and horizontal receive (VH) polarization and harmonic-fitted NDVI were identified as the top five important variables, and the variables representing February, April, June, and December contributed more to the RF model. The detection of VH and NDVI as the top variables which contributed up to 51% of the Random Forest model indicated the importance of the multi-sensor combination for the identification of paddy fields.
New Insights into the Role of Histone Changes in Aging
Authors: Yi Sun-Ju , Kim Kyunghwan
Published: November 2020

Aging is the progressive decline or loss of function at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels that ultimately leads to death. A number of external and internal factors, including diet, exercise, metabolic dysfunction, genome instability, and epigenetic imbalance, affect the lifespan of an organism. These aging factors regulate transcriptome changes related to the aging process through chromatin remodeling. Many epigenetic regulators, such as histone modification, histone variants, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors, play roles in chromatin reorganization. The key to understanding the role of gene regulatory networks in aging lies in characterizing the epigenetic regulators responsible for reorganizing and potentiating particular chromatin structures. This review covers epigenetic studies on aging, discusses the impact of epigenetic modifications on gene expression, and provides future directions in this area.
Naturally Occurring Compounds/Materials as Alternatives to Synthetic Chemical Insecticides for Use in Fire Ant Management
Authors: Chen Jian , Oi David H.
Published: November 2020

The invasive red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (hereafter, fire ants), is a significant threat to public health and a danger to livestock, pets and wildlife due to their venomous stings. The fire ant has invaded many countries and regions and has become a globally significant pest. The current major tool to manage fire ants are synthetic insecticides that are used largely as stomach poisons in bait products or contact insecticides in spray, broadcast, drench, and dust products for area and nest treatments. In addition to these insecticide products, repellants and fumigants can also be useful in some unique scenarios. The ever-increasing public concern about the potential adverse effects of synthetic insecticides on health and the environment has been a driving force for searching for safer alternatives to control fire ants. Tremendous effort has been made in developing biologically-based control for managing fire ants; however, natural products continue to be one of the most attractive sources of safe alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Here, we summarized the synthetic insecticides that are currently used in managing fire ants, available alternative products in the current market, and academic efforts in searching for fire ant natural toxins, repellants and fumigants.
Anatomy of Mitral Valve Complex as Revealed by Non-Invasive Imaging: Pathological, Surgical and Interventional Implications
Authors: Leo Laura Anna , Paiocchi Vera Lucia , Schlossbauer Susanne Anna , Gherbesi Elisa , Faletra Francesco F.
Published: November 2020

Knowledge of mitral valve (MV) anatomy has been accrued from anatomic specimens derived by cadavers, or from direct inspection during open heart surgery. However, today two-dimensional and three-dimensional transthoracic (2D/3D TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (2D/3D TEE), computed tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) provide images of the beating heart of unprecedented quality in both two and three-dimensional format. Indeed, over the last few years these non-invasive imaging techniques have been used for describing dynamic cardiac anatomy. Differently from the “dead” anatomy of anatomic specimens and the “static” anatomy observed during surgery, they have the unique ability of showing “dynamic” images from beating hearts. The “dynamic” anatomy gives us a better awareness, as any single anatomic arrangement corresponds perfectly to a specific function. Understanding normal anatomical aspects of MV apparatus is of a paramount importance for a correct interpretation of the wide spectrum of patho-morphological MV diseases. This review illustrates the anatomy of MV as revealed by non-invasive imaging describing physiological, pathological, surgical and interventional implications related to specific anatomical features of the MV complex.
The Mesenchymal Cap of the Atrial Septum and Atrial and Atrioventricular Septation
Authors: Deepe Ray , Fitzgerald Emily , Wolters Renélyn , Drummond Jenna , Guzman Karen De , Hoff Maurice J.B. van den , Wessels Andy
Published: November 2020

In this publication, dedicated to Professor Robert H. Anderson and his contributions to the field of cardiac development, anatomy, and congenital heart disease, we will review some of our earlier collaborative studies. The focus of this paper is on our work on the development of the atrioventricular mesenchymal complex, studies in which Professor Anderson has played a significant role. We will revisit a number of events relevant to atrial and atrioventricular septation and present new data on the development of the mesenchymal cap of the atrial septum, a component of the atrioventricular mesenchymal complex which, thus far, has received only moderate attention.
Is There Any Difference in the Outcome of Geriatric and Non-Geriatric Severely Injured Patients?—A Seven-Year, Retrospective, Observational Cohort Study with Matched-Pair Analysis
Authors: Jensen Kai O. , Lempert Maximilian , Sprengel Kai , Simmen Hans P. , Pothmann Carina , Schlögl Mathias , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A. , Hierholzer Christian , Pape Hans C. , Neuhaus Valentin
Published: November 2020

Geriatric trauma is expected to increase due to the lifestyle and activity of the aging population and will be among the major future challenges in health care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate differences between polytraumatized geriatric and non-geriatric patients regarding mortality, length-of-stay and complications with a matched pair analysis. We included patients older than 17 years with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 16 or more admitted to our level 1 trauma center between January 2008 and December 2015. The cohort was stratified into two groups (age < 70 and ≥ 70 years). One-to-one matching was performed based on gender, ISS, mechanism of injury (penetrating/blunt), Glasgow coma scale (GCS), base excess, and the presence of coagulopathy (international normalized ratio (INR) ≥ 1.4). Outcome was compared using the paired t-test and McNemar-test. A total of 1457 patients were identified. There were 1022 male (70%) and 435 female patients. Three hundred and sixty-four patients (24%) were older than 70 years. Matching resulted in 57 pairs. Mortality as well as length-of-stay were comparable between geriatric and non-geriatric polytraumatized patients. Complication rate (34% vs. 56%, p = 0.031) was significantly higher in geriatric patients. This indicates the possibility of similar outcomes in geriatric polytraumatized patients receiving optimal care.
Impact of Adjuvant Radiotherapy on Survival Outcomes in Intermediate-Risk, Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: Analyses Regarding Surgical Approach of Radical Hysterectomy
Authors: Kim Se Ik , Kim Tae Hun , Lee Maria , Kim Hee Seung , Chung Hyun Hoon , Lee Taek Sang , Jeon Hye Won , Kim Jae-Weon , Park Noh Hyun , Song Yong Sang
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to investigate the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) on survival outcomes in patients with intermediate-risk, early-stage cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy (RH). From the cervical cancer cohorts of two tertiary hospitals, patients with 2009 FIGO stage IB-IIA who underwent primary RH between 2010 and 2018 were identified. Patients with intermediate-risk factors that met the Sedlis criteria were included. Survival outcomes were compared between the patients who received adjuvant RT (study group; n = 53) and those who did not receive adjuvant treatment (control group; n = 30). Compared to the control group, the study group showed significantly better recurrence-free survival (RFS; 5-year survival rate, 85.6% vs. 61.0%; p = 0.009). In multivariate analysis, adjuvant RT was associated with a significantly lower risk of disease recurrence (adjusted HR, 0.241; 95% CI, 0.082–0.709; p = 0.010). In a subgroup that underwent open RH (n = 33), adjuvant RT showed a trend toward improved RFS with borderline statistical significance (adjusted HR, 0.098; 95% CI, 0.009–1.027; p = 0.053). However, in a subgroup of minimally invasive surgery (n = 50), adjuvant RT did not improve RFS. In conclusion, implementation of adjuvant RT significantly reduced the disease recurrence rate in patients with intermediate-risk, stage IB-IIA cervical cancer treated primarily with surgery. Survival benefit from adjuvant RT differed according to the surgical approach.
Hydrodynamic Modeling of a Reef-Fringed Pocket Beach Using a Phase-Resolved Non-Hydrostatic Model
Authors: Risandi Johan , Rijnsdorp Dirk P. , Hansen Jeff E. , Lowe Ryan J.
Published: November 2020

The non-hydrostatic wave-flow model SWASH was used to investigate the hydrodynamic processes at a reef fringed pocket beach in southwestern Australia (Gnarabup Beach). Gnarabup Beach is a ~1.5 km long beach with highly variable bathymetry that is bounded by rocky headlands. The site is also exposed to large waves from the Southern Ocean. The model performance was evaluated using observations collected during a field program measuring waves, currents and water levels between June and July 2017. Modeled sea-swell wave heights (periods 5–25 s), infragravity wave heights (periods 25–600 s), and wave-induced setup exhibited moderate to good agreement with the observations throughout the model domain. The mean currents, which were highly-spatially variable across the study site, were less accurately predicted at most sites. Model agreement with the observations tended to be the worst in the areas with the most uncertain bathymetry (i.e., areas where high resolution survey data was not available). The nearshore sea-swell wave heights, infragravity wave heights and setup were strongly modulated by the offshore waves. The headlands and offshore reefs also had a strong impact on the hydrodynamics within the lagoon (bordered by the reefs) by dissipating much of the offshore sea-swell wave energy and modifying the pattern of the nearshore flows (magnitude and direction). Wave breaking on the reef platforms drove strong onshore directed mean currents over the reefs, resulting in off-shore flow through channels between the reefs and headlands where water exchanges from the lagoon to ocean. Our results demonstrate that the SWASH model is able to produce realistic predictions of the hydrodynamic processes within bathymetrically-complex nearshore systems.
On the Rheological Properties of Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors Used in Offshore Oil and Gas Production
Authors: Paz Paulo , Netto Theodoro Antoun
Published: November 2020

A new thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor (THI), is being proposed based on the analysis of its rheological properties leading to improvement of the injection process. The method is based on the viscosity changes during the injection process. The experimental tests analysing the viscosity, shear stress related to drag force of the MEG and ethanol mixture allowed us to develop a better injectable THI. Considering the results that we obtained, it can be said that the mixture of MEG/EtOH is more convenient for transportation and injection process, and also to be stored on the platform. The use of ethanol and MEG mixture as THI is novel in this field. It turns out that the benefits of the mixture overcome the benefits of using them alone. This discovery opens a window for more improvements to natural gas hydrate suppression. The mixture could also change the formation of gas hydrates, thereby destabilizing the ice-like structure. Since the hydrate suppression process is stoichiometric—directly proportional to water production—it is necessary to inject large amounts of THI, thus improving the injection with the proposed mixture could lead to a more economical process.
Impact of Postharvest Handling on Preharvest Latent Infections Caused by Monilinia spp. in Nectarines
Authors: Garcia-Benitez Carlos , Casals Carla , Usall Josep , Sánchez-Ramos Ismael , Melgarejo Paloma , De Cal Antonieta
Published: November 2020

Latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. in nectarines cause great economic losses since they are not detected and rejected at harvest and can appear at any time post-harvest, even at the consumer’s home. The effect of a pre-cooling chamber, water dump operation, and cold-storage chamber on the activation and/or development of preharvest latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. on nectarines were studied under different postharvest conditions: (a) cold storage for 0, 1, or 3 d at 4 °C at either 75% relative humidity (RH) or 100% RH before water dumping, (b) water dumping for 10 minutes at 15 °C, and (c) cold storage for 0, 3, or 10 d at 4 °C at either 75% RH or 100% RH after water dumping. These storage conditions were transformed to fungal physiological time. For visualization of the latent infections caused by Monilinia spp., the nectarines were placed in sterile paper bags and frozen at −20 °C for 48 h in order to damage the epidermis. To compare different handling scenarios, the incidence of latent infection was modelled for physiological time description by a modified Gompertz model. The activation and/or development of preharvest natural latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. at postharvest was mainly related to temperature and incubation time at postharvest. Storing nectarines with any postharvest handling less than 11 days at 4 °C avoids brown rot symptoms and reduced the activation and/or development of pre-harvest latent infections caused by Monilinia spp., while more cold days caused the exponential phase of latent infection activation and/or development. The Gompertz model employed could be used for predicting the activation and/or development of latent infection caused by Monilinia spp. at postharvest conditions and looks at the postharvest life. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the effects of post-harvest handling on latent infections in fruit have been studied.
Robust Metallic Nanolaminates Having Phonon-Glass Thermal Conductivity
Authors: García-Pastor Francisco Alfredo , Montelongo-Vega Josué Benjamín , Tovar-Padilla Marco Vinicio , Cardona-Castro María Antonia , Alvarez-Quintana Jaime
Published: November 2020

Heat transfer phenomena in multilayer structures have gained interest due to their promising use in thermal insulation and thermoelectricity applications. In such systems, nanostructuring has been used to introduce moderate interfacial density, and it has been demonstrated that interfacial thermal resistance plays a crucial role in reducing thermal conductivity κ. Nevertheless, the main constraint for actual applications is related to their tiny size because they are extremely thin to establish appreciable temperature gradients. In this work, by severe plastic deformation process of accumulative roll bonding (ARB), a 250 µm thick Cu-Nb multilayer containing more than 8000 interfaces with periods below 40 nm was obtained, enabling the production of bulk metallic nanolaminates with ultralow κ. Multilayers present an ultralow κ of ∼0.81 W/mK at 300 K, which is 100 times smaller than its Cu-Nb bulk counterpart, and even lower than the amorphous lattice limit for the Cu-Nb thin film system. By using electron diffusive mismatch model (EDMM), we argue that both electrons diffusively scattering at interface and those ballistically crossing the constituents are responsible for heat conduction in the Cu-Nb multilayers at nanoscale. Hence, ARB Cu-Nb multilayers are intriguing candidate materials which can prove avenues to achieve stable ultralow κ thermal barriers for robust applications.
Multivariate Design of 3D Printed Immediate-Release Tablets with Liquid Crystal-Forming Drug—Itraconazole
Authors: Jamróz Witold , Pyteraf Jolanta , Kurek Mateusz , Knapik-Kowalczuk Justyna , Szafraniec-Szczęsny Joanna , Jurkiewicz Karolina , Leszczyński Bartosz , Wróbel Andrzej , Paluch Marian , Jachowicz Renata
Published: November 2020

The simplicity of object shape and composition modification make additive manufacturing a great option for customized dosage form production. To achieve this goal, the correlation between structural and functional attributes of the printed objects needs to be analyzed. So far, it has not been deeply investigated in 3D printing-related papers. The aim of our study was to modify the functionalities of printed tablets containing liquid crystal-forming drug itraconazole by introducing polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymers into the filament-forming matrices composed predominantly of poly(vinyl alcohol). The effect of the molecular reorganization of the drug and improved tablets’ disintegration was analyzed in terms of itraconazole dissolution. Micro-computed tomography was applied to analyze how the design of a printed object (in this case, a degree of an infill) affects its reproducibility during printing. It was also used to analyze the structure of the printed dosage forms. The results indicated that the improved disintegration obtained due to the use of Kollidon®CL-M was more beneficial for the dissolution of itraconazole than the molecular rearrangement and liquid crystal phase transitions. The lower infill density favored faster dissolution of the drug from printed tablets. However, it negatively affected the reproducibility of the 3D printed object.
Analysis of the Sign of the Solution for Certain Second-Order Periodic Boundary Value Problems with Piecewise Constant Arguments
Authors: Buedo-Fernández Sebastián , Cao Labora Daniel , Rodríguez-López Rosana , Tersian Stepan A.
Published: November 2020

We find sufficient conditions for the unique solution of certain second-order boundary value problems to have a constant sign. To this purpose, we use the expression in terms of a Green’s function of the unique solution for impulsive linear periodic boundary value problems associated with second-order differential equations with a functional dependence, which is a piecewise constant function. Our analysis lies in the study of the sign of the Green’s function.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Mortality in Adult Renal Transplant Recipients with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Qiu Yue , Su Ying , Tu Guo-Wei , Ju Min-Jie , He Hong-Yu , Gu Zhun-Yong , Yang Cheng , Luo Zhe
Published: November 2020

Mortality of renal transplant recipients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains high, despite advances in critical care management. There is still a lack of biomarkers for predicting prognosis of these patients. The present study aimed to investigate the association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mortality in renal transplant recipients with severe CAP. A total of 111 renal transplant recipients with severe CAP admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were screened for eligibility between 1 January 2009 and 30 November 2018. Patient characteristics and laboratory test results at ICU admission were retrospectively collected. There were 18 non-survivors (22.2%) among 81 patients with severe CAP who were finally included. Non-survivors had a higher NLR level than survivors (26.8 vs. 12.3, p < 0.001). NLR had the greatest power to predict mortality as suggested by area under the curve (0.88 ± 0.04; p < 0.0001) compared to platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (0.75 ± 0.06; p < 0.01), pneumonia severity index (0.65 ± 0.08; p = 0.05), CURB-65 (0.65 ± 0.08; p = 0.05), and neutrophil count (0.68 ± 0.07; p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that NLR was associated with hospital and ICU mortality in renal transplant recipients with severe CAP. NLR levels were independently associated with mortality and may be a useful biomarker for predicting poor outcome in renal transplant recipients with severe CAP.
Study on the Synthesis of Castor Oil-Based Plasticizer and the Properties of Plasticized Nitrile Rubber
Authors: Fu Qinghe , Tan Jihuai , Wang Fang , Zhu Xinbao
Published: November 2020

A series of new environment-friendly plasticizers was synthesized from castor oil and used to plasticize nitrile rubber (NBR). The test results showed that tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength of NBR vulcanizates plasticized by castor oil-based plasticizers were found to be better than that of dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The aging test taken demonstrated that the castor oil-based plasticizers could improve the hot air and oil aging resistance of NBR vulcanizates. The thermal stability test illustrated that castor oil-based plasticizers enhanced the thermal stability of NBR vulcanizates, and the initial decomposition temperatures (T10%) were about 100 °C higher than that of DOP. In general, the studies manifested that EACO and EBCO can replace DOP to plasticize NBR and are used in fields that require high mechanical properties, aging resistance, and thermal stability. This study emphasizes the effects of sustainable, cost-effective, and high-efficiency plasticizers on NBR.
Graph Search-Based Exploration Method Using a Frontier-Graph Structure for Mobile Robots
Authors: Ryu Hyejeong
Published: November 2020

This paper describes a graph search-based exploration method. Segmented frontier nodes and their relative transformations constitute a frontier-graph structure. Frontier detection and segmentation are performed using local grid maps of adjacent nodes. The proposed frontier-graph structure can systematically manage local information according to the exploration state and overcome the problem caused by updating a single global grid map. The robot selects the next target using breadth-first search (BFS) exploration of the frontier-graph. The BFS exploration is improved to generate an efficient loop-closing sequence between adjacent nodes. We verify that our BFS-based exploration method can gradually extend the frontier-graph structure and efficiently map the entire environment, regardless of the starting position.
Simultaneous Prediction of Soil Properties Using Multi_CNN Model
Authors: Li Ruixue , Yin Bo , Cong Yanping , Du Zehua
Published: November 2020

Soil nutrient prediction based on near-infrared spectroscopy has become the main research direction for rapid acquisition of soil information. The development of deep learning has greatly improved the prediction accuracy of traditional modeling methods. In view of the low efficiency and low accuracy of current soil prediction models, this paper proposes a soil multi-attribute intelligent prediction method based on convolutional neural networks, by constructing a dual-stream convolutional neural network model Multi_CNN that combines one-dimensional convolution and two-dimensional convolution, the intelligent prediction of soil multi-attribute is realized. The model extracts the characteristics of soil attributes from spectral sequences and spectrograms respectively, and multiple attributes can be predicted simultaneously by feature fusion. The model is based on two different-scale soil near-infrared spectroscopy data sets for multi-attribute prediction. The experimental results show that the RP2 of the three attributes of Total Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Alkaline Nitrogen on the small dataset are 0.94, 0.95, 0.87, respectively, and the RP2 of the attributes of Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, and Clay on the LUCAS dataset are, respectively, 0.95, 0.91, 0.83, And compared with traditional regression models and new prediction methods commonly used in soil nutrient prediction, the multi-task model proposed in this paper is more accurate.
In-Situ Screening of Soybean Quality with a Novel Handheld Near-Infrared Sensor
Authors: Aykas Didem Peren , Ball Christopher , Sia Amanda , Zhu Kuanrong , Shotts Mei-Ling , Schmenk Anna , Rodriguez-Saona Luis
Published: November 2020

This study evaluates a novel handheld sensor technology coupled with pattern recognition to provide real-time screening of several soybean traits for breeders and farmers, namely protein and fat quality. We developed predictive regression models that can quantify soybean quality traits based on near-infrared (NIR) spectra acquired by a handheld instrument. This system has been utilized to measure crude protein, essential amino acids (lysine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, and cysteine) composition, total fat, the profile of major fatty acids, and moisture content in soybeans (n = 107), and soy products including soy isolates, soy concentrates, and soy supplement drink powders (n = 15). Reference quantification of crude protein content used the Dumas combustion method (AOAC 992.23), and individual amino acids were determined using traditional protein hydrolysis (AOAC 982.30). Fat and moisture content were determined by Soxhlet (AOAC 945.16) and Karl Fischer methods, respectively, and fatty acid composition via gas chromatography-fatty acid methyl esterification. Predictive models were built and validated using ground soybean and soy products. Robust partial least square regression (PLSR) models predicted all measured quality parameters with high integrity of fit (RPre ≥ 0.92), low root mean square error of prediction (0.02–3.07%), and high predictive performance (RPD range 2.4–8.8, RER range 7.5–29.2). Our study demonstrated that a handheld NIR sensor can supplant expensive laboratory testing that can take weeks to produce results and provide soybean breeders and growers with a rapid, accurate, and non-destructive tool that can be used in the field for real-time analysis of soybeans to facilitate faster decision-making.
Preliminary Characterization of Triatomine Bug Blood Meals on the Island of Trinidad Reveals Opportunistic Feeding Behavior on Both Human and Animal Hosts
Authors: Hylton Alexandra , Fitzpatrick Daniel M. , Suepaul Rod , Dobson Andrew P. , Charles Roxanne A. , Peterson Jennifer K.
Published: November 2020

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. The parasite is endemic to the Americas, including the Caribbean, where it is vectored by triatomine bugs. Although Chagas disease is not considered a public health concern in the Caribbean islands, studies in Trinidad have found T. cruzi-seropositive humans and T. cruzi-infected triatomine bugs. However, little is known about triatomine bug host preferences in Trinidad, making it difficult to evaluate local risk of vector-borne T. cruzi transmission to humans. To investigate this question, we collected triatomine bugs in Trinidad and diagnosed each one for T. cruzi infection (microscopy and PCR). We then carried out a blood meal analysis using DNA extracted from each bug (PCR and sequencing). Fifty-five adult bugs (54 Panstrongylus geniculatus and one Rhodnius pictipes) were collected from five of 21 sample sites. All successful collection sites were residential. Forty-six out of the 55 bugs (83.6%) were infected with T. cruzi. Fifty-three blood meal hosts were successfully analyzed (one per bug), which consisted of wild birds (7% of all blood meals), wild mammals (17%), chickens (19%), and humans (57%). Of the 30 bugs with human blood meals, 26 (87%) were from bugs infected with T. cruzi. Although preliminary, our results align with previous work in which P. geniculatus in Trinidad had high levels of T. cruzi infection. Furthermore, our findings suggest that P. geniculatus moves between human and animal environments in Trinidad, feeding opportunistically on a wide range of species. Our findings highlight a critical need for further studies of Chagas disease in Trinidad in order to estimate the public health risk and implement necessary preventative and control measures.
REFINING THE SOLAR CLIMATE OF KRASNODAR FOR THE EFFECTIVE WORK OF SOLAR PANELS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS. RESEARCH RESULTS FOR 2014-2020
Authors: Grazhdankin A. , Ivanchenko V.
Published: November 2020

The article is a continuation of the article entitled "Reconciliation of the solar climate of Krasnodar for the effective operation of solar panels in residential buildings" published in the Bulletin of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov in 2017. At present, the vast majority of stationary weather stations are located at a sufficiently large distance from the zone in which it is necessary to assess the potential of renewable energy resources. The article presents the results of field studies of the solar climate of Krasnodar conducted from 2014 to 2020. The results of the study are compared with normative documentation and a climate guide. The use of solar panels is important factor to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere. For the correct selection of the number of solar panels, it is necessary to know the exact amount of solar energy that will fall on this panel. This information allows to calculate the amount of energy that will be generated by the building’s solar energy system or solar power station. The correct selection of the number of solar panels affects the quality of life of people and allows to fully cover the energy consumption of buildings and structures using solar energy as the main source of energy.
EVALUATION OF COATINGS TENDENCY TO THE PORES AND NON-METAL INCLUSIONS FORMATION IN A WELD
Authors: Zhabrev L. , Chuppina S. , Shamshurin A. , Lebedeva E. , Panchenko O.
Published: November 2020

The task of welding steel elements painted with various coatings is found in a number of industries at the stages of factory assembly and installation of large-sized structures, as well as during repair and restoration work. The porosity of the welded metal is the most common defect in electric arc welding without removing the coating, and the tendency to pore formation is a normalized parameter in the certification of interoperable primers (EN ISO 17652-2: 2003). The studies carried out cover wide-spread polyacrylate, alkyd, epoxy, polyvinyl butyral primers in an extended working thicknesses range. In addition, the evaluation technique is used for zinc-filled and organosilicate protective coat-ings. Based on the study of the nonmetallic inclusions composition in a weld by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and using a scanning electron microscope, the behavior features of the coatings de-struction products and their derivatives during physical and chemical transformations under welding are described. The technological features of welding without coating removing are noted: stability of the mode parameters, resistance to metal spraying and coating burnout activity in the areas adjacent to a weld.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION PROCESS IN CLASSIFYING BALL MILLS PARTITION
Authors: Khanin S. , Zybin R. , Mordovskaya O.
Published: November 2020

Ball mills are widely used for dispersion of materials in various industries, as they are characterized by ease of maintenance, operation and sufficiently high performance. To improve the process of inner-chamber classification of coarse-ground material, a new construction of the classifying partition with blades having cylindrical screening surfaces is proposed. The aim of the research is to substantiate the effectiveness of the application of the developed construction of the classifying partition in an industrial ball mill. The tasks of the research are to study the effectiveness of the developed construction of the classifying partitions on industrial ball mill. The tasks are solved of constructing and analyzing a regression equation that adequately describes the efficiency of the process of classifying coarse material with a cylindrical sieving surface depending on variable factors, determining rational areas of their values; comparing the efficiency of using blades with cylindrical and flat screening surfaces for inner-chamber classification of coarse material; confirmation of the possibility of providing the developed classifying partition with the mass productivity necessary for the operation of the mill. In the course of the work, the methods of simulation and mathematical modeling were used. As a result of the study, the efficiency of using a classifying partition with blades with cylindrical screening surfaces of a ball mill D×L=2×10,5 is substantiated.
NON-PLASTIC RAW MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION CERAMICS
Authors: Men'shikova V. , Demina L.
Published: November 2020

research by some scientists shows that the most expensive element in the manufacture of construction ceramics are clay materials, in particular kaolins. They allow getting products with high strength, but at the same time increase significantly the mass refractoriness. In this connection, a significant amount of melt is added or the firing temperature is increased. Of course, this leads to an increase in the cost of products. In Russia, the reserves of these raw materials are insufficient and it is advisable to look for new non-traditional types of raw materials. There is a need to adjust the component composition of ceramic masses and use non-plastic raw materials. An example is natural wollastonites or their analogues in the form of diopside, which are a little-used type of mineral raw material. In the Siberian region, there are several deposits of non-plastic varieties of raw materials for the production of fired construction products. The most famous are the deposits of the Slyudyansky and Sayan districts. The authors present the results of analysis of diopside rocks, where the chemical, mineral compositions and behavior of samples under heating are studied. The absence of alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides in diopsides was determined. The content of iron oxide in the amount of 0.1% indicates the purity of the raw material. More than half of the composition is occupied by silica, which is 53% and 58% in the rocks of the Burutuysky and Sayan deposits, respectively. The basis of the mineral composition of the samples is diopside, with the presence of quartz, calcite, mica and magnesium carbonate. This range of minerals is traditional in many charges of ceramic materials. Therefore, the possibility of using diopside rocks in the production of building ceramic materials is quite high.
ON INTEGRATED HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS IN ROOMS OF SHOPPING CENTERS
Authors: Il'ina T. , Kolesnikov M. , Kryukov I.
Published: November 2020

the paper considers a method for creating microclimate parameters in the rooms of shopping centers, sports complexes, etc. The possibility of using a complex system including air heating, ventilation and air conditioning is shown on the example of a shopping hall. To improve the efficiency of the system, it is proposed to replace traditional water heating with air heating, which works by using a gas burner-heat exchanger. For the rooms of a shopping center in the city of Saint Petersburg, the thermal engineering calculation of external fences was performed, and the heat capacity of the heating system was determined. Based on the results of the heat and air balance of the grocery shopping area, the performance of the ventilation and air conditioning system is calculated. An autonomous monoblock unit for air treatment was selected. During the cold period, the unit performs the functions of air heating and ventilation. Air recirculation is provided to save heat energy. The amount of outdoor and recirculating air is calculated. During the warm period, air is cooled and dehumidified by using a compression refrigeration cycle. The proposed integrated system for creating the required parameters of the microclimate allows reducing material costs by using a gas burner-heat exchanger instead of a heat point for water heating, as well as using a cheaper energy source and heat recovery through a heat pump.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO CURSO DE BOAS PRÁTICAS DE MANIPULAÇÃO PARA MANIPULADORES DE ALIMENTOS EM ESTABELECIMENTOS DE ALIMENTAÇÃO
Authors: Taniwaki Fabio , Baldini Eduardo Delbon , Pereira Juliano Gonçalves , Da Silva Rodrigo Iais , Frontana Marina Salvador Gonzalez , Jorge Carolina de Oliveira Arantes , Modolo José Rafael
Published: November 2020

Anualmente, adoecem em média 600 milhões de pessoas por contaminação alimentar no mundo. As doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs) representam um importante impacto à saúde pública, além de causarem prejuízo à economia do país por meio de custos diretos e indiretos. Devido ao contato direto, os manipuladores de alimentos (MA) favorecem a contaminação alimentar. Portanto, eles desempenham um papel importante na segurança e na preservação dos produtos alimentícios. As boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos (BPMA) contribuem para a produção alimentar livre de microrganismos patogênicos. Por isso, torna-se essencial a qualificação técnica dos manipuladores, a fim de garantir a qualidade higiênico-sanitária dos alimentos. No âmbito geral, é grande a necessidade de aprimorar a capacitação dos MA para que adquiram hábitos higiênico-sanitários adequados e melhorar a qualidade dos produtos e serviços. Com o objetivo de destacar a importância de um curso de capacitação de BPMA de estabelecimentos alimentícios, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico utilizando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde, com as seguintes palavras-chave: boas práticas de manipulação, DTA, capacitação em boas práticas. Como o MA desempenha um papel importante para a saúde coletiva, espera-se que, com os temas sugeridos para o curso, o profissional possa implementar os ensinamentos de BPMA em suas atividades, contribuindo positivamente para a saúde pública e trazendo satisfação aos clientes de forma lucrativa para o empreendimento.
EFEK EKSTRAK DAUN GAMBIR ( UNCARIAGAMBIRROXB) TERHADAP TINGKAT STRESS OKSIDATIF DAN EKSPRESI BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTHROPIC FACTOR(BDNF) PADA HIPOKAMPUS MENCIT BETINA MODEL PENUAANYANG DIINDUKSI D-GALAKTOSA
Authors: Sebayang Julenda Irianti , Sari Mutiara Indah , Ichwan Muhammad Indah
Published: November 2020

Prevalence of premature aging that causes in decreased memory throughout the world of individuals aged 60 years and over is estimated at 5-7%. According to WHO this is caused by progressive dysfunction and neuronal cell death and is related to free radical formation. This study was design to evaluate the effect of gambir leaf extract ( uncariaGambirRocb ) on MDA and expression BDNF in the hippocampus of aging female mice that are induced in D-Galactose. In this study that method is used a post test only control group, the researcher design with 4 groups being treated ( group1 : inject D-Galactose 150 mg/kgbb/ip and sondeaquabidest 0,1%, group 2 : sondecathechins 100 mg and inject D-Galactose 150mg/kgbb, group 3 ; sondecathechins 200 mg and inject D-Galactose 150 mg/kgbb, group 4 : sondecathechine 400 mg and inject D-Galactose150 mg/kgbb) with the inclusion criteria : all female mice (MusMusculus L) were 10-12 weeks old and had not been studied.

MDA is examined through blood serum with spektrofotometer.

Isolation RNA with Kit Tiangen Kat DP419 and BDNF expression from the hippocampus by RT PCR

Increased level of MDA showed increased stress oksidatif. This study the result of MDA levels were not significant ( p value <0.05 ). There was an increase in BDNF expression in the K2 group compared to the other group in the Control, but it was not significant.

The dose of 200 mg/kgbb is determine as the most effective dose of gambier beverage to improve the memory of female mice.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERGAULAN BEBAS PADA REMAJA DI SMK SWASTA JAYA KRAMA BERINGIN KECAMATAN BERINGIN KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG
Authors: Ginting Rosita , Ginting Desideria Yosepha , , Irmayani
Published: November 2020

The emergence of promiscuity among young people who are rife lately is inseparable from the influence of the globalization era which is considered a form of modernity for some adolescents, which ultimately brings them closer to promiscuity who are at risk of being infected with various kinds of socially transmitted diseases. which affects promiscuity in adolescents in the Jaya Krama Beringin Private Vocational School Sidodadi Village, Beringin District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research method used was analytic survey, with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Samples are taken based on specified criteria. Data analysis was performed bivariately with chi-square test with a value of α (0.05). The results showed that social factors and technological factors / mass media are factors that influence the incidence of free association in adolescents in the Jaya Krama Beringin Private Vocational School with each value of p = 0.02 <α = 0.05 and p value = 0.002 < α = 0.05. The importance of improving education, coaching and monitoring students in the use of technology to students so as to avoid promiscuity.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMANFAATAN PELAYANAN ANTENATAL CARE DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS DARUSSALAM MEDAN
Authors: Br barus Sri Malemna , Silalahi Marlinang l
Published: November 2020

Coverage of K1 visits in North Sumatra in 2015 was 82.44% and K4 coverage was 75.50% ,. From the initial survey conducted with several pregnant women, information was also obtained that mothers did not check their pregnancies routinely due to very dense work factors, distance traveled and husband's support factors. Pregnant mothers also assumed that using health care services required large costs were still often found, especially for pregnant women who have a low economy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any influence on knowledge, employment, husband's support and income by the use of antenatal care (ANC) services in the working area of ​​Darussalam Medan Health Center. This type of research used in this research is quantitative research with a research design using cross sectional design. The population in this study were all third trimester pregnant women and post-partum mothers during 2018 totaling 382 people. The research sample was 79 people. The results of this study were statistically tested using the Chi Square Test with a 95% confidence level using the SPSS version 16.0 program. The results showed there was an influence of husband support with the use of antenatal care (ANC) results of the P-Value value of 0.006 while knowledge (0.574), work (0.569), and income (0.902), which means there was no influence on the use of antenatal care services (ANC) ). The conclusion is that there is an influence of husband's support with the use of antenatal care (ANC) services at the Medan Medan Health Center and there is no effect of knowledge, employment and income on the use of antenatal care (ANC) services. It is recommended for health center staff / health workers the need to increase visits to the home of pregnant women whose access is easily accessible and pay attention to signs of risk for pregnant women.
LITERATURE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF DINING AND BREAKFAST PATTERNS WITH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT IN BASIC SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Simanjuntak Elisa Christy , Ginting Tariana , Boy Siahaan Perry , Buenita Buenita
Published: November 2020

School children are the nation's next generation. Therefore, it is necessary to improve human resources from an early age. Providing good nutrition, will affect the growth and development of a child. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between eating and breakfast patterns and learning achievement of elementary school children. The type of research used is quantitative research with a literature study design. The literature used is literature published from 2013 to 2020. The results of data analysis show that there is a relationship between eating and breakfast patterns and learning achievement of elementary school children. The results of data analysis showed that there were 3 research locations, namely in Java 60% (6 articles), Sulawesi 30% (3 articles), Kalimantan 10% (1 article). Using correlation research 50%, analytic survey research 20%, and 30% other research. Data analysis was made in univariate and bivariate ways. The variables used in each study were diet, breakfast, and learning achievement. From this research, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between eating and breakfast patterns and learning achievement of elementary school children. So further research is expected to develop other factors that can affect student achievement.