bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with soil components and plants: current knowledge and future research needs – a critical review
Authors: Tan Wenjuan , Peralta-Videa Jose R. , Gardea-Torresdey Jorge L.
Published: December 2017

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2), one of the most produced engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), are used in pigments, photocatalysis, food additives, and personal care products.
Quercetin enhances the antitumor effect of trichostatin A and suppresses muscle wasting in tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Chan Shu-Ting , Chuang Cheng-Hung , Lin Yi-Chin , Liao Jiunn-Wang , Lii Chong-Kuei , Yeh Shu-Lan
Published: December 2017

Quercetin prevents TSA-induced muscle wasting by down-regulating FOXO1 mediated muscle protein degradation.
Evaluation of protective effect of different dietary fibers on polyphenolic profile stability of maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis(Molina) Stuntz) duringin vitrogastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Viuda-Martos Manuel , Lucas-Gonzalez Raquel , Ballester-Costa Carmen , Pérez-Álvarez José A. , Muñoz Loreto A. , Fernández-López Juana
Published: December 2017

We investigate the protective effect of dietary fibers on the recovery and bioaccessibility indexes, and the stability of polyphenolic compounds of maqui berry powder subjected toin vitrogastrointestinal digestion.
The synergistic catalysis effect within a dinuclear nickel complex for efficient and selective electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Cao Li-Ming , Huang Hai-Hua , Wang Jia-Wei , Zhong Di-Chang , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: December 2017

A dinuclear nickel complex was found to be an excellent catalyst for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO. This excellent catalytic performance can be attributed to the synergistic catalysis effect between two Ni centers.
Tuning of chiral construction, structural diversity, scale transformation and chiroptical applications
Authors: Ma Wei , Hao Changlong , Sun Maozhong , Xu Liguang , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua
Published: December 2017

Dissymmetry is crucial for chiral geometries that utilize either intrinsic anisotropy forces around nanoparticles (NPs) or external organization associated with templates or applied fields and alignment.
Synthesis, characterization, and antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effects of novels-triazine derivatives
Authors: Shanmugam Mani , Narayanan Kuppusamy , Prasad Kamatam Hari , Karthikeyan Dhanapalan , Chandrasekaran Loganathan , Atchudan Raji , Chidambaranathan V.
Published: December 2017

In an attempt to design and synthesize a new class of antitumor agents, a mild and eco-friendly protocol for nucleophilic substitution using ans-triazine scaffold,viaamine and Schiff base derivatives, has been developed.
Carbon dots prepared in different solvents with controllable structures: optical properties, cellular imaging and photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Liyong , Zhang Yingyue , Duan Binhua , Gu Zhizhi , Guo Yuting , Wang Huifang , Duan Chunying
Published: December 2017

The preparation of carbon dots (CDs) featuring almost the same structures in different solvents is beneficial for their direct applications in the desired media without additional treatment and for resource conservation.
On the σ, π and δ hole interactions: a molecular orbital overview
Authors: Angarov V. , Kozuch S.
Published: December 2017

With molecular orbital theory it is possible to distinguish and design σ, π and the elusive δ electrostatic holes.
A functional interlayer as a polysulfides blocking layer for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Yin Lingxia , Dou Hui , Wang Aixiu , Xu Guiyin , Nie Ping , Chang Zhi , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: December 2017

Self-standing polyaniline–graphene oxide (PANI–GO) interlayer inhibits the shuttle effect by the physical barrier and chemisorption, improving the electrochemical performance for Li–S batteries.
Dihydro-2H-thiopyran-3(4H)-one-1,1-dioxide – a versatile building block for the synthesis of new thiopyran-based heterocyclic systems
Authors: Palchykov Vitalii A. , Chabanenko Roman M. , Konshin Valeriy V. , Dotsenko Victor V. , Krivokolysko Sergey G. , Chigorina Elena A. , Horak Yuriy I. , Lytvyn Roman Z. , Vakhula Andriy A. , Obushak Mykola D. , Mazepa Alexander V.
Published: December 2017

Three series of new cyclic sulfones have been prepared by a one-pot multi-component reactions.
Electrospray deposition of structurally complex molecules revealed by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Hinaut Antoine , Meier Tobias , Pawlak Rémy , Feund Sara , Jöhr Res , Kawai Shigeki , Glatzel Thilo , Decurtins Silvio , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu , Liu Shi-Xia , Meyer Ernst
Published: December 2017

Unravelling structures of organic molecules after their deposition on Au(111) with electrospray.
Constructing two-dimensional CuFeSe2@Au heterostructured nanosheets with an amorphous core and a crystalline shell for enhanced near-infrared light water oxidation
Authors: Wen Huang , Li Hua , He Suisui , Chen Fengjuan , Ding Erli , Liu Sha , Wang Baodui , Peng Yong
Published: December 2017

The reversed growth of 2D core–shell CuFeSe2@Au heterostructured nanosheets with a crystalline shell and an amorphous core were first prepared and show enhanced photocatalytic activity for water oxidation under NIR light irradiation.
Selective delivery of adapalene to the human hair follicle under finite dose conditions using polymeric micelle nanocarriers
Authors: Kandekar Somnath G. , del Río-Sancho Sergio , Lapteva Maria , Kalia Yogeshvar N.
Published: December 2017

Drug delivery systems that target the pilosebaceous unit (PSU) selectively could improve the clinical management of diseases that originate in the hair follicle.
Graphene oxide-mediated Cas9/sgRNA delivery for efficient genome editing
Authors: Yue Huahua , Zhou Xiaoming , Cheng Meng , Xing Da
Published: December 2017

GO-PEG-PEI nanocarrier, which was constructed for the delivery of high-molecular-weight Cas9/sgRNA complexes for executing endocytosis, endosomal escape, nuclear entry, and gene editing.
Nanoreactors based on DNAzyme-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles activated by magnetic field
Authors: Bakshi Saira F. , Guz Nataliia , Zakharchenko Andrey , Deng Han , Tumanov Alexei V. , Woodworth Craig D. , Minko Sergiy , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. , Katz Evgeny
Published: December 2017

A new biomimetic nanoreactor for analysis of mRNA cancer biomarkers is presented based on DNAzyme bound to superparamagnetic nanoparticles.
Enhanced structural diversity in terpenoid biosynthesis: enzymes, substrates and cofactors
Authors: Vattekkatte Abith , Garms Stefan , Brandt Wolfgang , Boland Wilhelm
Published: December 2017

Terpenoid structural diversity is enhanced by multiproduct enzymes. Biosynthesis can be altered by switch in substrates, cofactors and pH.
The role of catalytic residue pKa on the hydrolysis/transglycosylation partition in family 3 β-glucosidases
Authors: Geronimo Inacrist , Payne Christina M. , Sandgren Mats
Published: December 2017

The catalytic acid/base residue (E441) pKa, as modulated by its electrostatic environment, has potential impact on the hydrolysis/transglycosylation partition in β-glucosidases.
Catalytic asymmetric enamine protonation reaction
Authors: Fu Niankai , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong
Published: December 2017

Recent advances in catalytic enantioselective enamine protonation for the synthesis of optically active carbonyl compounds are summarized in this review.
Central-to-axial chirality induction in biphenyl chiroptical probes for the stereochemical characterization of chiral primary amines
Authors: Vergura S. , Pisani L. , Scafato P. , Casarini D. , Superchi S.
Published: December 2017

Central-to-axial chirality transfer allows flexible biphenyls to act as chiroptical probes for the stereochemical characterization of chiral primary amines.
Hydrazone–Pd-catalyzed direct intermolecular reaction of o-alkynylphenols with allylic acetates
Authors: Watanabe Kohei , Mino Takashi , Ishikawa Eri , Masuda Chihiro , Yoshida Yasushi , Sakamoto Masami
Published: December 2017

The hydrazone–palladium catalyzed direct intermolecular reaction of o-alkynylphenols with allylic acetates gave the corresponding 2-substituted-3-allylbenzofuran derivatives at room temperature.
Oxadiazabicyclooctenone as a versatile monomer for the construction of pH sensitive functional polymers via ROMP
Authors: Mallick Asadulla , Xu Yuan , Lin Yichao , He Jingxi , Chan-Park Mary B. , Liu Xue-Wei
Published: December 2017

Herein, oxadiazabicyclooctenone is successfully developed as a versatile monomer for the construction of new pH-sensitive polymers by ROMP.
Hybrid conjugated polymers with alternating dithienosilole or dithienogermole and tricoordinate boron units
Authors: Adachi Yohei , Ooyama Yousuke , Ren Yi , Yin Xiaodong , Jäkle Frieder , Ohshita Joji
Published: December 2017

Hybrid conjugated polymers with alternating dithienosilole or dithienogermole and tricoordinate boron units were prepared, which showed effective D–A interactions.
A design strategy for the construction of 2D heteropore covalent organic frameworks based on the combination of C2v and D3h symmetric building blocks
Authors: Qian Cheng , Liu En-Cheng , Qi Qiao-Yan , Xu Kaijia , Jiang Guo-Fang , Zhao Xin
Published: December 2017

A strategy to construct heteropore covalent organic frameworks has been developed based on a desymmetrization design which takes advantage of the combination of C2v and D3h symmetries.
Biodegradable AIEgen-functionalised mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles for drug delivery and cell imaging
Authors: Wang Duo , Zhang Chengkai , Ren Li , Li Dongdong , Yu Jihong
Published: December 2017

AIEgen-functionalised mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres with excellent degradability in an acid environment show potential application in drug delivery and cell imaging.
Visible-light-promoted organic-dye-catalyzed three-component coupling of aldehydes, hydrazines and bromodifluorinated reagents
Authors: Li Jin-Xue , Li Lei , Zhou Ming-Dong , Wang He
Published: December 2017

α,α-Difluoroketone hydrazones have been synthesised from readily available aldehydes, hydrazines, and bromodifluorinated reagents via visible-light photoredox catalysis.
Total synthesis and absolute configuration reassignment of mollenines A and B
Authors: Wang Ming-Zhong , Si Tong-Xu , Ku Chuen-Fai , Li Xiao-Wan , Li Zheng-Ming , Zhang Hong-Jie , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: December 2017

The first total synthesis of mollenines A and B has been accomplished, and their absolute stereochemistry corrected.
Radical rearrangement of N-sulfonyl-N-aryl propynamides: proceeding with homolytic N–SO2 bond cleavage and 6-endo-dig cyclization toward 3-sulfonyl-2(1H)-quinolinones
Authors: Wang Bingbing , Jin Shengnan , Sun Song , Cheng Jiang
Published: December 2017

A di-tert-butyl peroxide-promoted radical rearrangement of N-sulfonyl-N-aryl propynamides has been developed, giving 2-sulfonyl-3-aryl-2(1H)-quinolinones in moderate to good yields.
Advances in targeting the folate receptor in the treatment/imaging of cancers
Authors: Fernández Marcos , Javaid Faiza , Chudasama Vijay
Published: December 2017

The folate receptor (FR) is an important biomarker for many cancers, and its overexpression on tumours can be exploited for targeted therapy, diagnosis and imaging.
Guiding a divergent reaction by photochemical control: bichromatic selective access to levulinates and butenolides
Authors: Sutar Revannath L. , Sen Saumik , Eivgi Or , Segalovich Gal , Schapiro Igor , Reany Ofer , Lemcoff N. Gabriel
Published: December 2017

Allylic and acrylic substrates may be efficiently transformed by a sequential bichromatic photochemical process into derivatives of levulinates or butenolides with high selectivity when phenanthrene is used as a regulator.
Design and synthesis of novel sandwich-type C@TiO2@C hollow microspheres as efficient sulfur hosts for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Fang Mingming , Chen Zhimin , Liu Yuan , Quan Junpeng , Yang Chong , Zhu Lichen , Xu Qiaobing , Xu Qun
Published: December 2017

Novel sandwich-type C@TiO2@C nanostructures were designed as efficient sulfur hosts for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries.
Atomic layer deposition of nickel carbide for supercapacitors and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xiong Wei , Guo Qun , Guo Zheng , Li Hao , Zhao Ran , Chen Qiang , Liu Zhongwei , Wang Xinwei
Published: December 2017

We report a new ALD process for Ni3C and explore its applications for supercapacitors and electrocatalytic H2 evolution.
Biodegradable pH-responsive hydrogels for controlled dual-drug release
Authors: Xu Liang , Qiu Linzi , Sheng Yang , Sun Yixin , Deng Linhong , Li Xinqing , Bradley Mark , Zhang Rong
Published: December 2017

pH-Responsive biodegradable hydrogels based on NIPAM/AA and a PLLA/PEG macro-crosslinker demonstrated pH mediated differential release of doxorubicin and tetracycline.
Dopamine assisted PMOXA/PAA brushes for their switchable protein adsorption/desorption
Authors: Pan Chao , Liu Xiaoru , Gong Kai , Mumtaz Fatima , Wang Yanmei
Published: December 2017

PMOXA/PAA mixed brushes with switchable protein adsorption/desorption properties were prepared by sequentially grafting PMOXA-NH2 and PAA-SH onto PDA-coated substrates.
Peroxidase-like activity of MoS2 nanoflakes with different modifications and their application for H2O2 and glucose detection
Authors: Yu Jie , Ma Dongqing , Mei Linqiang , Gao Qin , Yin Wenyan , Zhang Xiao , Yan Liang , Gu Zhanjun , Ma Xiaoyan , Zhao Yuliang
Published: December 2017

Peroxidase-like activity of MoS2 NFs was enhanced by cysteine modification which is beneficial to the detection of glucose and H2O2 and a new catalytic mechanism was proposed.
Direct printing of soluble acene crystal stripes by a programmed dip-coating process for organic field-effect transistor applications
Authors: Nam Sooji , Jeong Yong Jin , Jung Jaemin , Kim Se Hyun , Ahn Jinho , Shin Kwonwoo , Jang Jaeyoung
Published: December 2017

High-crystalline TIPS-PEN crystal stripes are directly printed with controllable inter-stripe spacingviaprogrammed dip-coating for application in organic field-effect transistors.
Organic field-effect transistors processed by an environmentally friendly non-halogenated solvent blend
Authors: Opoku Henry , Nketia-Yawson Benjamin , Shin Eun-Sol , Noh Yong-Young
Published: December 2017

Based on Hansen solubility parameter analysis, this study employed a non-halogenated binary solvent blend of mesitylene and acetophenone to closely mimic the efficiency of dichlorobenzene, for widely used conjugated polymers used for OFETs.
Spatial control of upconversion emission in a single fluoride microcrystalviathe excitation mode and native interference effect
Authors: Gao Dangli , Wang Dan , Zhang Xiangyu , Feng Xiaojuan , Xin Hong , Yun Sining , Tian Dongping
Published: December 2017

The fascinating luminescent patterns that exhibit different spatial distributions are obtained by varying the excitation modes.
Pure white light emission from a rare earth-free intrinsic metal–organic framework and its application in a WLED
Authors: Mondal Tuhina , Mondal Supriya , Bose Saptasree , Sengupta Debabrata , Ghorai Uttam Kumar , Saha Shyamal K.
Published: December 2017

Designing of a white light emitting diode based on rare earth metal free intrinsic Zn-MOF by fabricating a suitable device.
PCA-based approach for subtracting thermal background emission in high-contrast imaging data
Authors: Hunziker S. , Quanz S. P. , Amara A. , Meyer M. R.
Published: December 2017

Aims.Ground-based observations at thermal infrared wavelengths suffer from large background radiation due to the sky, telescope and warm surfaces in the instrument. This significantly limits the sensitivity of ground-based observations at wavelengths longer than ~3 μm. The main purpose of this work is to analyse this background emission in infrared high-contrast imaging data as illustrative of the problem, show how it can be modelled and subtracted and demonstrate that it can improve the detection of faint sources, such as exoplanets.

Methods. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to model and subtract the thermal background emission in three archival high-contrast angular differential imaging datasets in the M′ and L′ filter. We used an M′ dataset of β Pic to describe in detail how the algorithm works and explain how it can be applied. The results of the background subtraction are compared to the results from a conventional mean background subtraction scheme applied to the same dataset. Finally, both methods for background subtraction are compared by performing complete data reductions. We analysed the results from the M′ dataset of HD 100546 only qualitatively. For the M′ band dataset of β Pic and the L′ band dataset of HD 169142, which was obtained with an angular groove phase mask vortex vector coronagraph, we also calculated and analysed the achieved signal-to-noise ratio (S/N).

Results. We show that applying PCA is an effective way to remove spatially and temporarily varying thermal background emission down to close to the background limit. The procedure also proves to be very successful at reconstructing the background that is hidden behind the point spread function. In the complete data reductions, we find at least qualitative improvements for HD 100546 and HD 169142, however, we fail to find a significant increase in S/N of β Pic b. We discuss these findings and argue that in particular datasets with strongly varying observing conditions or infrequently sampled sky background will benefit from the new approach.
Deep neutral hydrogen observations of Leo T with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope
Authors: Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Oosterloo Tom A.
Published: December 2017

Leo T is the lowest mass gas-rich galaxy currently known and studies of its gas content help us understand how such marginal galaxies survive and form stars. We present deep neutral hydrogen (H I) observations from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope in order to understand its H I distribution and potential for star formation. We find a larger H I line flux than the previously accepted value, resulting in a 50% larger H I mass of 4.1 × 105 M⊙. The additional H I flux is from low surface brightness emission that was previously missed; with careful masking this emission can be recovered even in shallower data. We perform a Gaussian spectral decomposition to find a cool neutral medium component (CNM) with a mass of 3.7 × 104 M⊙, or almost 10% of the total H I mass. Leo T has no H I emission extending from the main H I body, but there is evidence of interaction with the Milky Way circumgalactic medium in both a potential truncation of the H I body and the offset of the peak H I distribution from the optical center. The CNM component of Leo T is large when compared to other dwarf galaxies, even though Leo T is not currently forming stars and has a lower star formation efficiency than other gas-rich dwarf galaxies. However, the H I column density associated with the CNM component in Leo T is low. One possible explanation is the large CNM component is not related to star formation potential but rather a recent, transient phenomenon related to the interaction of Leo T with the Milky Way circumgalactic medium.
Dynamic boundary control games with networks of strings
Authors: Gugat Martin , Steffensen Sonja
Published: December 2017

Consider a star-shaped network of strings. Each string is governed by the wave equation. At each boundary node of the network there is a player that performs Dirichlet boundary control action and in this way influences the system state. At the central node, the states are coupled by algebraic conditions in such a way that the energy is conserved. We consider the corresponding antagonistic game where each player minimizes a certain quadratic objective function that is given by the sum of a control cost and a tracking term for the final state. We prove that under suitable assumptions a unique Nash equilibrium exists and give an explicit representation of the equilibrium strategies.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Levels in Term Neonates
Authors: Kandasamy Yogavijayan , Hartley Leo , Rudd Donna
Published: December 2017

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) plays an integral role in physiological and pathophysiological angiogenesis and has increasingly been implicated in the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. Application of intravitreal anti-VEGF is frequently used to treat ROP with little consideration given to the role of VEGF-A in neonatal growth and development. Previous studies have demonstrated systemic anti-VEGF persistence, reduced peripheral VEGF levels following treatment, and possible diagnostic and prognostic uses for VEGF-A determination. This study seeks to determine a normal range for serum VEGF-A (sVEGF-A) in healthy, term infants. The sVEGF-A levels were obtained from 32 neonates born at term infants (16 males and 16 females) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No significant correlations were found between sVEGF-A levels and time of sample collection, birth weight, or gender. The median sVEGF-A level was 976 (394–1635) pg/mL (95% confidence interval for median: 496–1,318 pg/mL). This preliminary study determines a normal range for the sVEGF-A level in healthy, term neonates. This normal range will provide a tool to assist in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment of infants with ROP.
Fulminant Mycoplasma Infection Requiring ECMO in a Previously Healthy Child: Case Report and Review
Authors: Hume Janet , Steiner Marie , Fischer Gwenyth , Heith Catherine
Published: December 2017

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia and rarely requires hospitalization. We present a case of a 12-year-old girl who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Eight cases of Mycoplasma infection requiring ECMO reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization and 16 cases reported in the literature are summarized with 72.7% survival cumulatively.
Echocardiographic Evaluation in Neonates with Heart Murmurs
Authors: Mohsenzadeh Azam , Soleimaninejad Maryam , Ahmadipour Shokoufeh
Published: December 2017

Auscultation of the heart is one of the most important tools of physical examination in neonates, which is very helpful in the diagnosis or rejection of congenital heart diseases (CHDs). The aim of this study is to investigate the causes of heart murmur in neonates hospitalized in neonatal unit in Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted within the period of 18 months on neonates hospitalized in neonatal unit whose heart murmur, diagnosed through examination, and echocardiography was conducted to investigate the existence of CHD. In 62.1% of the cases, murmuring was auscultated within the first week after birth. Among 172 neonates with heart murmur, 25 subjects (14.5%) had normal echocardiogram, and others had abnormal echocardiogram in which ventricular septal defect (31.4%) was the most common CHD. Patent ductus arteriosus (23.3%) was the second common CHD found. Other defects were atrial septal defect, persistent foramen ovale, pulmonary stenosis, and tricuspid regurgitation. Among the neonates with CHD, 55 subjects were females and 92 cases were males. There was CHD history in previous siblings in 10 cases. In 73 neonates with CHD, the mother had not taken folic acid in the first trimester of pregnancy. A total of 14.5% of the hospitalized neonates suffered from innocent murmur, and the rest with heart murmur had abnormal echocardiography and suffered from CHD (85.5%). Heart murmur in neonates could be a symptom of CHD, and timely echocardiography is very important in diagnosing the type of disease.
Vertical Transmission of HIV-1 in the Metropolitan Area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil: 2006–2014
Authors: Melo Victor Hugo , Maia Marcelle Marie Martins , Correa Júnior Mário Dias , Kakehasi Fabiana Maria , Ferreira Flávia Gomes Faleiro , Andrade Beatriz Amélia Monteiro de , Scaramussa Fernanda Sobral , Ferreira Fernanda Alves Morais , Messias Alfredo Augusto , Pinto Jorge Andrade
Published: December 2017

Objective To revise HIV-1 vertical transmission (VT) rates in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from January of 2006 to December of 2014.

Methods Descriptive study of a prospective cohort of HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their children, monitored by the Maternal and Child HIV/Aids Research Group of Research Group at Faculty of Medicine of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Results The VT general rate was 1.9% (13/673; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 1.0–3.3). The extensive use of combined highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (89.7%; 583/650) strongly impacted the reduction of VT during this period. Maternal viral load (VL) higher than 1,000 copies/mL showed significant association with VT (OR:6.6; CI 95%:1.3–33.3). Maternal breastfeeding was described in 10 cases in this cohort (1.5%; CI 95%: 0.7–2.7), but it was not associated with VT.

Conclusion The present cohort data were coherent with the low VT rate described in other global populations, and it was considerably lower in comparison to the results of the same cohort during the period of 1998–2005, when the VT rate was 6.2%. These data confirm the efficiency of the National Guidelines, and emphasize the importance of adopting the international recommended procedures for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV.
Epidemiologie des Diabetes
Authors: Jacobs Esther , Rathmann Wolfgang
Published: December 2017

For Germany, estimates for diabetes prevalence, incidence, morbidity and mortality are based on different study types, e. g. regional population-based studies, surveys or health claims data, and various methods are used for the calculations. Thus, there are a number of different epidemiological estimates published. This is also true for the prevalence of people with undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes. In addition, evidence exists that the prevalence of diabetes varies between regions in Germany. In this context, new risk factors, such as regional deprivation and air pollution, are currently in the focus. This article gives a short overview on the current research status in diabetes epidemiology with regard to the situation in Germany. Trends in the development of diabetes, its complications and mortality are also discussed. Based on the current refugee situation, the article contains a short insight of available studies on this topic. The overview on the current evidence is supplemented by methodological aspects that should be taken into account when interpreting studies.
Recommendations for Improving Adherence to Home-Based Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bachmann Caroline , Oesch Peter , Bachmann Stefan
Published: December 2017

Purpose The aim of this review is to list the factors that influence adherence to home-based exercise, and to make recommendations about how to improve adherence.

Materials and Methods A literature search was performed in Web of Science Core Collection (Library of ETH Zurich), PubMed and PEDro databases. The following search categories were used: “physiotherapy”, “home-based exercises”, “adherence”, “effectiveness”, “motivation” and “barriers”.

Results A total of 38 studies were identified and title and abstract analysis was performed. 14 studies were included for further analysis. The factors found to contribute to adherence to home-based exercise programmes are: intensive social support and guidance from a physiotherapist; prescription of a low number of exercises (<4); high levels of self-motivation and self-efficacy; and a lack of psychological influences, such as helplessness, depression and anxiety.

Conclusion Adherence to home-based exercise could be increased relatively simply, through provision of good support of the patient from physiotherapists, instruction of 2 to a maximum of 4 exercises, and by increasing the patients’ self-motivation and self-efficacy (Recommendation level B+).
DiaDigital – das App-Siegel der Diabetesverbände
Authors: Kaltheuner Matthias
Published: December 2017

DiaDigital ist ein App-Bewertungsportal, auf dem Menschen mit Diabetes, Diabetesberater und Ärzte zusammen Apps bezüglich ihres Nutzens im Rahmen der Behandlung eines Diabetes mellitus bewerten. Startschuss für die Bewertung ist die Eigeninitiative der App-Hersteller- bzw. Vertreiber: Um ihre App bewerten zu lassen machen sie zunächst in einem begleiteten Selbstauskunftsverfahren Angaben zu ihrer App, die auf Pflichtangaben überprüft werden. Ist das Ergebnis zufriedenstellend, folgt zunächst eine technische Überprüfung der App und anschließend ihre Bewertung durch eine App-Tester-Gruppe – überwiegend Patienten mit Diabetes. Denn Betroffene haben die größte Kompetenz in der Nutzenbewertung. Die Testung soll die Erfahrung der Tester mehren und dabei Testergebnisse für interessierte Nutzer generieren.
AnkerSteps – eine Gamification-App für mehr Bewegung
Authors: Schwarz Peter E. H. , Düring-Schmidt Stefanie , Holland Maxi
Published: December 2017

Technologien wie E-Health, Big Data und soziale Netzwerke eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten zur Prävention von Typ-2-Diabetes. Forscher des Paul Langerhans Instituts Dresden (PLID) und des Universitätsklinikums Carl Gustav Carus in Dresden arbeiten zusammen mit dem TUMAINI Institut an der Entwicklung von Präventionsprodukten, die ein breites Segment in der Bevölkerung erreichen können und einen gesunden Lebensstil unterstützen. Ein Beispiel ist die App „AnkerSteps“. Sie motiviert die Nutzer, sich 10 000 Schritte am Tag zu bewegen.
Evaluation eines proaktiv angebotenen Gesundheitsprogramms für Versicherte mit anhaltenden Rückenschmerzen – Ein-Jahres-Follow-up einer randomisierten, kontrollierten Studie
Authors: Hüppe Angelika , Wunderlich Max , Hochheim Martin , Mirbach Andrea , Zeuner Christel , Raspe Heiner
Published: December 2017

Ziel der Studie Um bei anhaltenden Rückenschmerzen (RS) den Zugang zu einer leitliniengerechten Behandlung zu erleichtern, entwickelte eine private Krankenversicherung ein spezielles Gesundheitsprogramm und bot es Versicherten proaktiv an. Machbarkeit und Wirksamkeit dieses Vorgehens sollten evaluiert werden.

Methodik Es wurde eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie im Zelen-Design durchgeführt. Volljährige Vollversicherte mit Hinweisen auf anhaltende RS wurden vor Einholung der Informierten Einwilligung randomisiert. Die Interventionsgruppe (IG) wurde zur Teilnahme am Gesundheitsprogramm eingeladen, die Kontrollgruppe (KG) zur Teilnahme an einem RS-Survey. Primäre Outcomes waren neben RS-Intensität und RS-Beeinträchtigung (nach von Korff) die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (SF-12). Sie wurden zu Studienbeginn sowie nach 12 und 24 Monaten per online-Fragebogen erfasst.

Ergebnisse 552 von 3462 identifizierten und randomisierten Versicherten stimmten der Studienteilnahme zu. An der 12 Monatsbefragung nahmen in der IG 132 von 258 (51,2%), in der KG 243 von 294 (82,7%) teil. In 3 der 4 primären Outcomes finden sich (Auswertung nach ITT-Prinzip) signifikante kleine Effekte zugunsten der IG. Die RS in der IG zeigen eine geringere Intensität (38,6 vs 44,5; p=0,001; d=0,36) und werden als weniger beeinträchtigend erlebt (1,6 vs 2,2; p=0,002; d=0,41); im somatischen Aspekt der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität erzielt die IG bessere Werte (43,6 vs 39,0; p<0,001, d=0,54), auf der psychischen Summenskala ergibt sich kein klarer Vorteil.

Schlussfolgerung Das gewählte Vorgehen erweist sich als machbar und führt bei interessierten Versicherten zu positiven Effekten in patientenberichteten Zielparametern. Vor der abschließenden Bewertung des Gesundheitsangebotes sind die ausstehenden Kostenanalysen sowie die Befunde der 2-Jahres-Befragung abzuwarten.
Einschulungsuntersuchung in Baden-Württemberg – Ergebnisse einer Befragung der Gesundheitsämter
Authors: Bode Harald
Published: December 2017

Ziel der Studie In Baden- Württemberg (BaWü) wurde Schritt 1 der Einschulungsuntersuchung (ESU) in das vorletzte Kindergartenjahr vorverlegt mit dem Ziel, bei Kindern mit Entwicklungsrisiken für einen erfolgreichen Schulbesuch hinreichend Zeit für notwendige Fördermaßnahmen zu gewinnen. Die Praxis in der Durchführung der im vorletzten (Schritt 1) und letzten (Schritt 2) Kindergartenjahr erfolgenden ESU in BaWü sollte jetzt analysiert und daraus Stärken, Schwächen und Veränderungsbedarf abgeleitet werden.

Methodik Sämtliche 38 Gesundheitsämter (GÄ) in BaWü erhielten einen umfangreichen Fragebogen. Darin machten Ärzte und sozialmedizinischen Assistentinnen nach standardisierten Vorgaben Angaben zu Basisdaten, Ressourcenbedarf, Akzeptanz, Kooperation, Inhalten, Methoden und Wirkung der ESU und ergänzten diese mit freien Kommentaren. Grundlage der Fragen waren die landesweit standardisierten Arbeitsrichtlinien für die Einschulungsjahrgänge 2016 (Schritt 2) und 2017 (Schritt 1).

Ergebnisse In Schritt 1 wurde im Median 2091 Kinder je Amt untersucht, in Schritt 2 192 Kinder. Die personellen Ressourcen wurden von manchen GÄ als nicht ausreichend angesehen. Die ESU wurde ganz überwiegend als unverzichtbar oder hilfreich eingeschätzt. Der Austausch mit Eltern und Erziehern hat einen hohen Stellenwert. Die ESU erfolgt komplett oder überwiegend nach den Arbeitsrichtlinien. Veränderungsbedarf wird bei einigen Aspekten des Entwicklungsscreenings in Schritt 1 gesehen. Erzieherinnenbeobachtungsbögen und Elternfragebögen werden als hilfreich betrachtet. Die GÄ schätzen, im Mittel bei 20% der Kinder schulrelevante gesundheitliche Einschränkungen zu entdecken, insbesondere im Bereich der Sprache. Oft fehlen Informationen über die nach der ESU eingeleiteten Fördermaßnahmen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Vorverlagerung von Schritt 1 der ESU in das zweite Kindergartenjahr hat sich aus Sicht der GÄ bewährt und erfährt eine hohe Akzeptanz der Beteiligten. Eine Weiterentwicklung der eingesetzten Screeningmethoden und der Beobachtungs-/ Fragebögen erscheint sinnvoll. Rückmeldungen zu eingeleiteten Fördermaßnahmen sollten die Regel werden. Schritt 2 sollte auf Kinder mit besonderen gesundheitlichen und sonderpädagogischen Bedarfen und ihre Bezugspersonen fokussiert werden.
Repetitive Maturation of Oocytes From Non-Stimulated Xenografted Ovarian Tissue From a Prepubertal Patient Indicating the Independence of Human Ovarian Tissue
Authors: Raffel Nathalie , Lotz Laura , Hoffmann Inge , Liebenthron Jana , Söder Stephan , Beckmann Matthias , Dittrich Ralf
Published: December 2017

Introduction Modern anti-cancer strategies have distinctly increased survival rates; nevertheless, often accompanied by sterility. Currently, the only option for preserving fertility in prepubertal females is to cryopreserve ovarian tissue and re-transplant frozen-thawed tissue to restore fertility after treatment. Our aim was to report the occurrence of repetitive antral follicle formation and oocyte maturation in a prepubescent ovarian tissue xenograft without exogenous hormone stimulation.

Material and Methods Frozen-thawed ovarian tissue from a 6-year-old patient suffering from nephroblastoma was xenotransplanted in oophorectomized severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice to evaluate follicle development.

Ergebnisse Repetitive follicle development to the antral stage occurred in the same xenograft of prepubertal ovarian tissue without exogenous hormone administration; 37 days after retrieving a maturing oocyte (this first retrieval has been previously published), another, completely mature oocyte was harvested from the xenograft. Subsequent histological evaluation of the grafted tissue showed primordial follicles, nearly all stages of developing follicles, as well as large atretic ones. Many clusters with dormant primordial follicles were also present.

Conclusion Xenotransplanted prepubertal ovarian tissue has the potential for repetitive oocyte retrieval cycles without administering exogenous hormones. The results indicate that the human ovarian tissue might be able to synchronize the hypothalamus-hypophysis-axes of the mouse to the physiological human cycle; this should be investigated in future studies.
Circulating Tumour Cells, Circulating Tumour DNA and Circulating MicroRNA in Metastatic Breast Carcinoma – What is the Role of Liquid Biopsy in Breast Cancer?
Authors: Polasik Arkadius , Tzschaschel Marie , Schochter Fabienne , de Gregorio Amelie , Friedl Thomas , Rack Brigitte , Hartkopf Andreas , Fasching Peter , Schneeweiss Andreas , Müller Volkmar , Huober Jens , Janni Wolfgang , Fehm Tanja
Published: December 2017

Dissemination of tumour cells and the development of solid metastases occurs via blood vessels and lymphatics. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can be detected in venous blood in patients with early and metastatic breast cancer, and their prognostic relevance has been demonstrated on numerous occasions. Repeated testing for CTCs and ctDNA, or regular so-called “liquid biopsy”, can be performed easily at any stage during the course of disease. Additional molecular analysis allows definition of tumour characteristics and heterogeneity that may be associated with treatment resistance. This in turn makes personalised, targeted treatments possible that may achieve both improved overall survival and quality of life.
Cytotoxic Deoxypodophyllotoxin Can Be Extracted in High Purity from Anthriscus sylvestris Roots by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Seegers Christel , Tepper Pieter , Setroikromo Rita , Quax Wim
Published: December 2017

Deoxypodophyllotoxin is present in the roots of Anthriscus sylvestris. This compound is cytotoxic on its own, but it can also be converted into podophyllotoxin, which is in high demand as a precursor for the important anticancer drugs etoposide and teniposide. In this study, deoxypodophyllotoxin is extracted from A. sylvestris roots by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The process is simple and scalable. The supercritical carbon dioxide method extracts 75 – 80% of the total deoxypodophyllotoxin content, which is comparable to a single extraction by traditional Soxhlet. However, less polar components are extracted. The activity of the supercritical carbon dioxide extract containing deoxypodophyllotoxin was assessed by demonstrating that the extract arrests A549 and HeLa cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. We conclude that biologically active deoxypodophyllotoxin can be extracted from A. sylvestris by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The method is solvent free and more sustainable compared to traditional methods.
Crime and Punishment in African American History
Authors: Campbell James
Published: December 2017

James Campbell provides an in-depth survey of crime, punishment and justice in African American history. Presenting cutting-edge scholarship on issues of criminal justice in African American history in an accessible way for students, he makes connections between black experiences of criminal justice and violence from the slave era to the present.
Cadmium sulphide/cadmium selenide quantum dot solar cells with inexpensive electrodeposited silver/polyaniline composite counter-electrode
Authors: Ayub Ambreen , Kamboh Afzal H. , Imran Muhammad , Rizvi Tasneem Z. , Khan Nawazish A.
Published: December 2017

The optical, electrical, morphological, and structural properties of low cost indium tin oxide (ITO)/TiO2/CdS/CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) solar cells with the inexpensive silver/polyaniline counter electrode (CE) are reported in this study. The composition of these devices was verified by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The spin coated mesoporous TiO2 layers on ITO glass substrates were sensitized with cadmium sulphide/cadmium selenide quantum dots using different number of SILAR (successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction) cycles. The ZnS film was also deposited using the same procedure. The low cost counter electrodes were prepared separately on stainless steel substrate by electro-chemical polymerization. The solar cells were tested by pouring the polysulphide electrolyte between the two electrodes. The devices showed an increase in PCE (power conversion efficiency) up to the 3 SILAR cycles, and decreases in PCE were observed for further SILAR cycles. The power conversion efficiency is as high as 5.0% for 3 SILAR cycles. UV-Vis-Spectroscopy measurements of the devices showed an increase in absorption spectra starting from 1.7 eV, which is well matched with the band gap of CdSe QDs. The enhancement in absorbance was found to linearly scale with the number of SILAR cycles up to 5 C and saturating for further SILAR cycles. The absorbance window continued up to 2.4 eV, the band gap of CdS QDs and the absorbance due to the Titania layer was found to start at 3.2 eV (band gap value of Titania). X-ray Diffraction Patterns showed that the particle size of CdS and CdSe QDs increased with the number of SILAR cycles. However, the intensity peak of CdS QDs was not observed for 5 C and higher SILAR cycles. The scanning electron microscope images of devices revealed capping of CdS QDs by CdSe QDs for 5 C and higher SILAR cycles. The observations revealed that CdS QDs were capped by CdSe QDs for 5 C and higher SILAR cycles, resulting decrease in PCE of these devices. The decrease in PCE is attributed to the poor charge collection of the charges contributed by CdS QDs due to its capping by CdSe QDs.
Validation of extended magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the HIT-SI3 experiment using the NIMROD code
Authors: Morgan K. D. , Jarboe T. R. , Hossack A. C. , Chandra R. N. , Everson C. J.
Published: December 2017

The HIT-SI3 experiment uses a set of inductively driven helicity injectors to apply a non-axisymmetric current drive on the edge of the plasma, driving an axisymmetric spheromak equilibrium in a central confinement volume. These helicity injectors drive a non-axisymmetric perturbation that oscillates in time, with relative temporal phasing of the injectors modifying the mode structure of the applied perturbation. A set of three experimental discharges with different perturbation spectra are modelled using the NIMROD extended magnetohydrodynamics code, and comparisons are made to both magnetic and fluid measurements. These models successfully capture the bulk dynamics of both the perturbation and the equilibrium, though disagreements related to the pressure gradients experimentally measured exist.
A velocity probe-based method for continuous detonation and shock measurement in near-field underwater explosion
Authors: Li Kebin , Li Xiaojie , Yan Honghao , Wang Xiaohong , Miao Yusong
Published: December 2017

A new velocity probe which permits recording the time history of detonation and shock waves has been developed by improving the commercial on principle and structure. A method based on the probe is then designed to measure the detonation velocity and near-field shock parameters in a single underwater explosion, by which the oblique shock wave front of cylindrical charges and the peak pressure attenuation curve of spherical explosive are obtained. A further derivation of detonation pressure, adiabatic exponent, and other shock parameters is conducted. The present method offers a novel and reliable parameter determination for near-field underwater explosion.
Observation of 1-D time dependent non-propagating laser plasma structures using fluid and PIC codes
Authors: Verma Deepa , Bera Ratan Kumar , Kumar Atul , Patel Bhavesh , Das Amita
Published: December 2017

The manuscript reports the observation of time dependent localized and non-propagating structures in the coupled laser plasma system through 1-D fluid and Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations. It is reported that such structures form spontaneously as a result of collision amongst certain exact solitonic solutions. They are seen to survive as coherent entities for a long time up to several hundreds of plasma periods. Furthermore, it is shown that such time dependence can also be artificially recreated by significantly disturbing the delicate balance between the radiation and the density fields required for the exact non-propagating solution obtained by Esirkepov et al., JETP 68(1), 36–41 (1998). The ensuing time evolution is an interesting interplay between kinetic and field energies of the system. The electrostatic plasma oscillations are coupled with oscillations in the electromagnetic field. The inhomogeneity of the background and the relativistic nature, however, invariably produces large amplitude density perturbations leading to its wave breaking. In the fluid simulations, the signature of wave breaking can be discerned by a drop in the total energy which evidently gets lost to the grid. The PIC simulations are observed to closely follow the fluid simulations till the point of wave breaking. However, the total energy in the case of PIC simulations is seen to remain conserved throughout the simulations. At the wave breaking, the particles are observed to acquire thermal kinetic energy in the case of PIC. Interestingly, even after wave breaking, compact coherent structures with trapped radiation inside high-density peaks continue to exist both in PIC and fluid simulations. Although the time evolution does not exactly match in the two simulations as it does prior to the process of wave breaking, the time-dependent features exhibited by the remnant structures are characteristically similar.
Self-consistent assessment of Englert-Schwinger model on atomic properties
Authors: Lehtomäki Jouko , Lopez-Acevedo Olga
Published: December 2017

Our manuscript investigates a self-consistent solution of the statistical atom model proposed by Berthold-Georg Englert and Julian Schwinger (the ES model) and benchmarks it against atomic Kohn-Sham and two orbital-free models of the Thomas-Fermi-Dirac (TFD)-λvW family. Results show that the ES model generally offers the same accuracy as the well-known TFD-15vW model; however, the ES model corrects the failure in the Pauli potential near-nucleus region. We also point to the inability of describing low-Z atoms as the foremost concern in improving the present model.
Photodissociation of van der Waals complexes of iodine X–I2 (X = I2, C2H4) via charge-transfer state: A velocity map imaging investigation
Authors: Bogomolov Alexandr S. , Goldort Veniamin G. , Kochubei Sergei A. , Baklanov Alexey V.
Published: December 2017

The photodissociation of van der Waals complexes of iodine X–I2 (X = I2, C2H4) excited via Charge-Transfer (CT) band has been studied with the velocity map imaging technique. Photodissociation of both complexes gives rise to translationally “hot” molecular iodine I2 via channels differing by kinetic energy and angular distribution of the recoil directions. These measured characteristics together with the analysis of the model potential energy surface for these complexes allow us to infer the back-electron-transfer (BET) in the CT state to be a source of observed photodissociation channels and to make conclusions on the location of conical intersections where the BET process takes place. The BET process is concluded to provide an I2 molecule in the electronic ground state with moderate vibrational excitation as well as X molecule in the electronic excited state. In the case of X = I2, the BET process converts anion I2− of the CT state into the neutral I2 in the repulsive excited electronic state which then dissociates promptly giving rise to a pair of I atoms in the fine states 2P1/2. In the case of C2H4–I2, the C2H4 molecules appear in the triplet T1 electronic state. Conical intersection for corresponding BET process becomes energetically accessible after partial twisting of C2H4+ frame in the excited CT state of complex. The C2H4(T)–I2 complex gives rise to triplet ethylene as well as singlet ethylene via the T-S conversion.