bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of the inclusion of ozone therapy in comprehensive rehabilitation programs for post-COVID syndrome
Authors: Tsvetkova Alena V. , Koneva Elizaveta S. , Malyutin Danil S. , Lysak Arina M. , Kostenko Alexandra
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: The global scale of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection is determined by the involvement of the entire world population in the problem. Recently, the scientific and medical community has been paying increased attention to the consequences of COVID-19, including aspects of the rehabilitation of patients who have had this infection.
AIM: to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of including ozone therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with long COVID.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 51 patients aged 29 to 78 years with a confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 (J12.8). Patients were divided into three statistically comparable groups depending on the complex of rehabilitation treatment, which they received. In the first (control) group (n=17), a 10-day course included daily breathing exercises and physiotherapy for the lungs. In the second (main) group (n=18), in addition to the complex of basic measures, daily intravenous infusions of ozonized saline with an ozone concentration of 2.0 mg/l were performed daily. Patients in the third group (comparison, n=16) received ozone therapy every other day. In order to determine the effectiveness and safety of the inclusion of systemic ozone therapy in a comprehensive program for the rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19, an analysis of blood oxygen saturation in air, laboratory parameters (D-dimer and C-reactive protein), changes in peripheral blood flow, a decrease in patients' oxygen demand to and after a 10-day course of rehabilitation treatment. The dynamics of patients' complaints and changes in the patient's quality of life during rehabilitation were assessed using the EQ5D questionnaire.
RESULTS: All patients during rehabilitation had positive dynamics in all parameters, there were no adverse reactions during the course and 2 months after rehabilitation. An analysis of various indicators revealed a greater effectiveness in prescribing systemic ozone therapy for rehabilitation. When comparing different methods, it turned out that daily ozone therapy had a better effect on laboratory parameters than daily ozone therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of ozone therapy in the complex rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19 is safe and effective. Further study in more patients is needed to determine indications and criteria for use.
The use of clinical protocols and standarts of care of adult patients of neurological and orthopedic-traumatological profile by a physiotherapist in the outpatient link (review)
Authors: Sergeeva Ekaterina N. , Avdeenko Yulia G. , Kiryanova Vera V. , Naumenko Marina A.
Published: October 2022

According to the regulatory documents, from January 1, 2022, medical care is provided on the basis of clinical protocols. At the same time, the assessment of the entire volume of regulatory and legal documentation remains an urgent and complex task today, requiring special attention of a physiotherapist due to the fact that the section non-drug methods of treatment and rehabilitation is mandatory for any clinical protocol. Thus, a physiotherapist should have up-to-date information on almost all clinical protocols and standards of medical care. Physiotherapy is also presented in the standards of treatment of patients of various profiles and ages, which are often published earlier than the relevant clinical protocols or are the only regulatory document.
For ease of use, the standards and clinical protocols have been grouped according to the clinical and anatomical principle in tabular form. For each group of nosologies, only non-drug methods of treatment with a multiplicity of use and frequency of provision are allocated. The ways of solving the imperfections of the regulatory framework in the context of physiotherapy at various levels are proposed. Methods of integration of documents regulating medical activity into the practice of work of an outpatient physiotherapist are described.
An observational study on benign breast diseases in a tertiary healthcare centre in Chengalpettu district
Authors: R. Anusha , Balaji D.
Published: October 2022

Background: Benign breast disorders constitute the majority of breast complaints presented by young females to a surgical OPD. It is 10 times more common than cancerous conditions and deserves attention due to its high prevalence, impact on woman’s life associated anxiety and possibility of some turning into cancerous conditions. It is divided into aberrations and abnormalities in development, epithelial and stromal proliferations, inflammations and neoplasms. In this study we aim at finding the prevalence, age, clinical presentation of commonest benign breast conditions and its correlation with pathological and radiological studies.Methods: The 98 cases of benign breast diseases between the age group of 15-45 years underwent triple assessment consisting of clinical examination, ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology. Patients who were diagnosed with malignancy were excluded from the study.Results: Out of 98 breast lesions the commonest presentation was breast lump and found most commonly in right upper quadrant. The most common age was 20-30 years and fibroadenosis was most common benign lesion followed by fibroadenoma, mastalgia, breast abscess and nipple discharge.Conclusions: BBDS are a common problem among females in the reproductive age group. It is important to differentiate between fibroadenoma and fibroadenosis. FNAC and ultrasonography are a useful aid in diagnosis of benign breast lesions.
Perforation peritonitis: as a spectrum
Authors: Shaikh Aftab H. , Tandur Amarjeet E. , Rathod Abhishek G. , Dhanorkar Tanay
Published: October 2022

Background: Peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation is one of the frequent cause of patient presenting as acute abdomen in clinical practice. The cause of this perforation can be traumatic perforation or an underlying diseased viscus.Methos:  The study was conducted in Sir J J group of hospitals, Mumbai between January 2021 to June 2021. A total of 50 cases with peritonitis due to gastrointestinal tract perforation were studied. The patient were studied on the basis of clinical presentation, radiological findings, cause and site of perforation, treatment given, postoperative complication and mortality.Results: Perforated duodenal ulcer (32%) and illeal perforation (24%) were most common in our study which is in contrast to the pattern seen in western part of the world. Perforations due to malignancy were the least commonly seen.Conclusions: As indicated on our study the spectrum of perforation peritonitis in India continues to be different from its western counterpart with duodenal ulcer perforation, perforating appendicitis, typhoid perforation and tubercular perforation being the major causes of generalized peritonitis.
Single institutional study on tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Sengamuthu Arun , Sharma A. K. , Mehendale Alap Vinay
Published: October 2022

Background: The occurrence of renal stone is increasing which affect 10% of population with recurrence being 70% in affected patients. Tubeless PCNL is the mainstay of treatment in the management of large and complex stones. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, feasibility and safety of tubeless PCNL.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of general surgery, Jagjivan Ram Railway Hospital, Mumbai over a period of one year from March 2019-Febuarary 2020. During this period 50 patients underwent tubeless PCNL for renal stones.Results: Among 50 patients 56% were in the age group of 46-60 years. Most common presenting complaint being flank pain (94%). About 86% of patient had complete stone clearance following tubeless PCNL. Post operative blood transfusion required in 10% of patients. The mean hospital stay was 2.12 days. Most common post operative complication were fever.Conclusions: Tubeless PCNL is a very safe and effective treatment for renal stones.
A prospective study on the effectiveness of antibiotic impregnated beads in treating osteomyelitis in diabetic foot patients
Authors: L. Anjali Krishnan , Vinod Ashwin , John George Mathews , Lakshmanan Vivek
Published: October 2022

Background: Diabetic foot infections are the most common skeletal and soft tissue infections in diabetic patients. Oral antibiotics with good oral bioavailability and local delivery of antibiotics in the form of beads are being used. In this study, we analysed the effectiveness of antibiotic-impregnated beads in treating osteomyelitis in diabetic foot patients. We also analysed the microbiological profile among the study groups.Methods: This was a prospective comparative study where 60 patients were selected from the general surgery and podiatry departments at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, between August 2017 till August 2019. Antibiotic beads were used in the ‘bead’ group and oral antibiotics in the ‘no bead’ group, with empirical i.v. antibiotics in both groups. All patients were reviewed for six months, and ulcers not healing within six months were taken as failed therapy.Results: Among the 60 patients in the study population, 51 showed healing, and 9 did not heal. Out of the nine which did not heal, 7 (23.2%) belonged to the no bead group and 2 (6.7%) to the bead group. The mean healing duration in the no bead group was 74.70±30.25 days, while that in the bead group was 81.18±30.80 days. The most typical isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus, which was found in 38.3%.Conclusions: We have found that using antibiotic beads improves patient convenience by reducing hospital visits and the need for daily dressing without compromising the healing rate.
Acinic cell carcinoma of parotid and review of literature
Authors: Suleman Mohammed , Ibrahim Basil , Mathias Natasha
Published: October 2022

Background: To study the clinical presentation, cytological and histopathological variants in acinic cell carcinomas (ACC) of parotid gland admitted in Yenepoya medical college.Methods: This study is a retrospective study done over a period of 5 years from January 2015 to December 2019 on patients admitted with parotid swellings in Yenepoya medical college hospital. All patients diagnosed as ACC of parotid on histopathological examination were considered in the study.Results: Out of 60 patients admitted with parotid swelling, 5 patients were diagnosed to have ACC of parotid. Mean age of the study subjects was 52 years of age. Gender distribution was 3 male cases and 2 female cases. FNAC suggestive of carcinoma in 3 cases, pleomorphic adenoma in 1 case and benign tumour of parotid in 1 case. Histopathology report revealed ACC in all the cases.Conclusions: ACC is a rare tumor, representing about 2 to 4% of primary neoplasms of the parotid gland. It can be misinterpreted as benign in low grade pathologies. They are quite persistent in their potential for local recurrences and distant metastases, often many years later. Therefore, long term followup is mandatory after treatment.
Clinical study of outcome of operative management of locally advanced breast carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Jivani Sachin , Chovatiya Nisarg , Patel Kautilya , Zala Jahnavi , Gupta Rohan , Pancholi Mukesh
Published: October 2022

Background: Locally advanced diseased of the breast is characterised clinically by features suggesting infiltration of the skin or chest wall by tumour or matted involved axillary nodes (AJCC-stage III). Successful reduction in the size of the tumor is associated with increased rate of operability i.e., modified radical mastectomy or breast conserving therapy (BCT). The aim of this study is to assess outcome of surgery in management of locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: It is an observational retrospective study of 40 cases of LABC admitted at general surgery department.Results: The response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was seen in 92.5% cases- with complete response in 10% cases (4 patients) and partial response in 82.5% (33 patients). No response was observed in 7.5% cases (3 patients) after 4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All patients were subjected to surgery after chemotherapy, out of whom 02 patients (5%) have surgical site infection and flap necrosis in 01 patient (2.5%) and no mortality; 02 patients subjected to toilet mastectomy without neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in 01 recurrence within 6 months of completion of adjuvant therapy and 01 death postoperatively.Conclusions: Majority of patients were subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy responded partially to it. Overall observations suggested that most of the LABC responds to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with minimum post-operative morbidity and mortality.
Observational clinical study of indications and outcome of re-exploration laparotomy in 50 patients
Authors: Zala Jahnaviba N. , Badami Khushbu , Jivani Sachin , Patel Kautilya , Gupta Rohan , Pancholi Mukesh
Published: October 2022

Background: Abdominal surgery that has to be re-done in association with initial surgery (Index surgery), within 60 days of initial surgery, is referred to as re-laparotomy. Redolaparotomies are called, on demand, if laparotomy has to be re-done because of patient condition and planned, if the second laparotomy is decided upon during the course of first surgery itself. Re-laparotomy is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. To find out incidence, indications, morbidity and mortality of re-laparotomy.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of 50 cases of re-exploratory laparotomy from 2018 to 2020 done at tertiary care teaching hospital of South Gujarat.Results: In this study, majority of cases (56%) were seen in the 21-50 age group; males (37) more than females (13) with 3:1 ratio. Index operation was done in emergency in 78% (n=39) and planned in 22% (n=11) of patients. In our study mean duration between 2 laparotomies was 8 days with range of 3-20 days. It is also observed that mean duration of hospital stay among the discharged patients is 30 days with range of 15-60 days. In this study, mortality was 16% (n=8), out of which 5 patients were having co-morbidity. Out of 50 patients 34 (68%) developed local or systemic post-operative complications.Conclusions: The need for re-laparotomy supersedes risks of severe morbidities and high mortality in view of worsening clinical status of the patient.
Incidence of surgical site infection in patients undergoing clean, clean contaminated cases with respect to antibiotic prophylaxis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Shetye Shravani M. , Kamat Manmohan , Singh Neeraj P.
Published: October 2022

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most surveyed and frequent type of healthcare associated infection in low-middle income countries. With the advent of antibiotics its incidence has been decreased but prolonged use of prophylactic antibiotics in clean and clean contaminated surgeries has increased substantial burden on healthcare system.Methods: This is a single centric, prospective, observational study. In the period over 12 months, patients which were admitted for elective clean, clean contaminated surgeries were assessed preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively. The patients in the study group received 1 dose of prophylactic antibiotic in clean cases and 3 doses in clean-contaminated cases according to the protocol and control group patients didn’t follow this criterion.Results: Incidence of SSI is 2.26% in study group, which was not significantly hight compared to control group which was 1.97. Incidence of superficial SSI is higher in both study and control group as compared to deep SSI. The most common isolate from wound culture was Staphylococcus aureus. Also strain of E. coli, sensitive strain of Pseudomonas and resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumonia were isolated.Conclusions: Irrational use of prophylactic antibiotics in clean and clean contaminated cases is not beneficial and just adding the cost and increasing the chances of development of antibiotic resistant strains.
C-arm fluoroscopic guided subarachnoid block: a single centre experience
Authors: Omodu Jack O. , George Abiye F. , Mbaba Charles D. , Wekere Felix C.
Published: October 2022

Subarachnoid block is routinely accessed blindly by the use of anatomical landmarks in the localization of the subarachnoid. Performing the procedure using the landmark technique in patients with spinal deformities or morbidly obese can inflict discomfort to the patient from multiple needle pricks or prolonged positioning during the procedure. This article aims to demonstrate the use of C-arm fluoroscopy for easy and smooth access into the subarachnoid space. This was a retrospective review of all patients who had subarachnoid block with the aid of C-arm fluoroscopy for surgeries involving the pelvis and perineum at Colworths Medical Centre, Port Harcourt from September 2020 to June 2022. Data were collected from the patients records over the period of study, there were seven cases recorded. Of the 7 cases, 5 were males and 2 females. Fluoroscopy allows visualization of the needle path and additionally identifies pathological conditions before needle insertion.
Surgical management of achalasia cardia-analysis of immediate outcomes
Authors: Nihedan K. G. Raj , Ahanadha Pillai Sastha , Srinivasan Karthikeyan , Subbareddiar Padmanabhan , Kumar M. Dhinesh
Published: October 2022

Achalasia cardia is a motility disorder characterised by failure of relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) and associated with lack of peristalsis in the body of oesophagus. The mainstay of treatment in achalasia cardia is to reduce the LES pressure and improve oesophageal emptying by gravity. LHM is still considered the gold standard against which other methods are compared. The records of all patients who underwent surgery for achalasia cardia between August 2018 and December 2021 in the department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Government Rajaji Hospital and Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India were reviewed retrospectively. Eighteen patients underwent surgery for achalasia cardia with median age of 32.5 years and the median duration of symptoms was 30 months. Seven patients had undergone pneumatic dilatation previously. Two patients who had mucosal injury had undergone pneumatic dilatation previously. The duration of surgery was significantly higher for the patients who underwent previous pneumatic dilatation when compared to those who did not undergo dilatation (200 minutes vs 170 minutes). The Eckardt score was zero in 12 patients in follow-up. One patient had a score of 1 and five patients had a score of 2. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy is the most effective current surgical management for achalasia cardia. It can be safely performed even in patients with prior pneumatic dilatations with lesser reintervention rates.
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, a rare pancreatic tumor-case report
Authors: Dhamale Megha A. , Gadekar Ninad J. , Gadekar Jayant M. , Aname Bhagwan K.
Published: October 2022

The uncommon cystic exocrine pancreatic tumor known as solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasm (SPEN) most frequently affects young females. We provide a case study of a 17-year-old female who experienced intermittent vomiting and epigastric pain. Her laboratory results were within normal ranges, and a clinical abdominal exam revealed pain in the region of epigastrium. A 40×3×31 mm iso-hyperdense minimally enhancing solid mass with well-defined borders was detected on her CECT scan. Nothing calcified. neither localized lymphadenopathy nor fat stranding. It was just next to the splenic vein, which was completely opaque. Her histopathology revealed a solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor after she underwent a spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy. Beta-catenin and vimentin IHC assays were significantly positive, confirming the diagnosis and she was on a regular follow-up. As of now, the patient is asymptomatic and has not experienced a recurrence. In contrast to other forms of pancreas tumors, SPEN is treatable with early identification and full surgical resection.
Peutz Jeghers syndrome with multiple intussusceptions
Authors: Giri Sobhana , Saju Jiya M. , Rahul Laya
Published: October 2022

Peutz Jegher’s syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous melanin pigmentation. This case report shows the case of an adult Indian female with intestinal obstruction due to multiple intussusceptions that were caused by hamartomatous polyp of Peutz Jegher’s syndrome. A 32-year-old female presented to the surgical emergency with complaints of colicky abdominal pain, vomiting and melena and with a positive family history for Peutz Jegher’s syndrome. On abdominal examination, a mass was palpable in her right lumbar area and per rectal examination showed ballooning and blood staining. She was provisionally diagnosed with Peutz Jegher’s syndrome with intussusception and her ultrasound imaging of the abdomen also showed the features suggestive of intussusception. She underwent an emergency laparotomy with resection and anastomosis of the involved segment of the jejunum and limited right hemicolectomy. Intraoperative findings showed multiple intussusceptions in her both large and small bowels along with multiple polyps which was seen to be hamartomatous polyps in the histopathological studies. The postoperative period was uneventful and during the review she was healthy. Intussusception is the major complication of Peutz Jegher’s syndrome and it can be prevented with regular surveillance in known cases. Intussusception should be kept in mind as the first differential diagnosis when these patients present with acute abdomen. The investigation of choice that’s preferred is a cross sectional imaging of the gastrointestinal tract to confirm with the diagnosis. Periodic surveillance is essential in those patients with known history or those with the mutation of STK11 (LKB1) gene.
Colonic perforation presenting as retroperitoneal abscess: case report and brief review of literature
Authors: Sengar Shobhit , Singh Malkhan
Published: October 2022

Retroperitoneal colonic perforation is a rare cause of retroperitoneal abscess. It presents more frequently in frail elderly patients with heterogeneous signs and symptoms which make it difficult to diagnose clinically. Subcutaneous emphysema with pneumomediastinum and iliopsoas muscle abscess are unusual signs. Abscess formation occurs in 0.3 to 0.4% and is the second most common complication of perforated lesions. Acute appendicitis may also present with retroperitoneal abscess which is a life threatening complication.
Patients’ perception of quality of anti-retroviral therapy services in south west Nigeria: a cross sectional study
Authors: Oyebade Akin , Familusi Ishola , Dauda Olawale
Published: October 2022

Background: The World Health Organization reports that 60% of deaths from conditions requiring health care are due to poor quality of health care in low- and medium-income countries. The aim of this study is to assess quality of antiretroviral therapy (ART) services in Osun State, Nigeria.Methods: This study utilized descriptive cross sectional study design. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was developed to collect data from 150 patients receiving ART care from two health facilities providing ART servicesResults: The mean score for perceived quality of ART care providers was 29.6 with 98.7% of respondents having high score and the mean score for perceived quality of ART Service Delivery was 56.3 with 97.3% of respondents having high score while the mean score for perceived quality of Health Facility structure was 22.1 with 79.3% of respondents having high score. Also, 96.7% of respondents strongly agreed that ART services are satisfactory; however only 22.7% of respondents strongly agreed that time spent with staff was adequate while 62.7% of respondents reported that Medical Records unit had the most delay. Age of respondents and the type of health facility were statistically significantly associated with perception of good quality of careConclusions: The time spent by patients with ART care providers needs to be optimized and the delay encountered in medical records unit should be reduced to improve quality of ART service delivery. Also, quality of ART care providers in University of Osun teaching hospital and ART facility structure at State Hospital Asubiaro should be improved.
Prevalence, risk factors and antibiogram of bacteria isolated from skin of human having close contact with dairy cows in small-holder farms in Gatundu Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Otenga Felix O. , Kagira John M. , Waititu Kenneth , Kiboi Daniel M. , Ngotho Maina , Maina Naomi
Published: October 2022

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis which needs surveillance especially in people having close contact with animals.Methods: A total of 120 skin swabs from around the neck region were obtained from human respondents and subjected to bacteriological analyses. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.Results: The results showed that the skin was colonized by Staphylococcus aureus (49.4%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (16.9%), Pantoea spp. (13%), Serratia spp. (13%), Bukholderia cepacian (3%), Enterobacter spp. (3%), Yersinia enterocolitica (1.3%) and Pasteurella aerogenes (1.3%). The CoNS were mostly resistant to gentamycin (100%), clindamycin (84.6%), erythromycin (84.6%) and ciprofloxacin 84.6% and sensitive to sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (76.9%). For S. aureus, most isolates were resistant to gentamycin (86.8%), oxacillin (86.8%) and vancomycin (73.7%) but susceptible to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (89.5%) amongst other antibiotics. The multiple antibiotic resistance index for S. aureus and CoNS was 0.92 and 0.92, respectively. Respondents aged more than 40 years had higher burden of AMR compared to the other respondents (p = 0.011, OD=1.745). Similarly, the AMR burden was higher in respondents who had previous history of using medication compared to those who had not (p=0.025, OD=0.204).Conclusions: The study showed a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in CoNS and S. aureus isolates from skin of people having regular contacts with dairy cows in the study area. Interventions strategies to stem the emergence of AMR should be undertaken.
Assessing the quality of life of people with diabetes in a hospital in Takoradi-Ghana
Authors: Agyei Kofi G. , Anderson Seida E. , Avege Nora S.
Published: October 2022

Background: Persons living with diabetes have been shown to have a significant negative impact on both their physical and mental wellbeing. This study sought to determine the quality of life of people with diabetes.Methods: A descriptive study was used for this study. A convenient sampling technique was employed to recruit 100 participants at the Nagel Adventist Memorial hospital in Ghana. The instrument that was used to collect data from participants was a questionnaire adopted from the MDQoL-17 questionnaire. Results: The study showed that a majority of the participants 60% indicated that, they were very satisfied with their treatment at NMAH. In addition, 36% indicated they were moderately satisfied and just 4% indicated they were not satisfied with the treatment at all. Seventy- eight percent (78%) representing the majority of participants indicated they get physically ill and had poor physical functions. A p value of 0.428 was recorded for an association between gender and treatment satisfaction with a Cramer V value of 0.148. Conclusions: The study found no significant association between gender, age and quality of life. Also, the participants recruited was found to have a poor quality of life. The study therefore suggests that Stakeholders and Ministry of Health should subsidize the cost of treatment or even make diabetes medications free to enable everybody get access to it and also health facilities should inculcate physical and psychological training into their diabetes education to help improve patients’ quality of life.
Awareness about preventive measures that reduce the risk of breast cancer among menopausal women
Authors: Chavda Bhakti C. , Patel Farheen S. , Ray Manish M.
Published: October 2022

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. In 2020, there were 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer and 6,85,000 deaths globally. Mortality due to breast cancer is found to be high in the developing countries because they seek medical attention at advanced stages due to lack of awareness and low socio-economic status. As there is no uniform education policy for breast cancer prevention and there is no acceptable strategy for breast cancer prevention throughout the nation, we thought to assess about awareness of preventive measures that reduce risk of breast cancer in menopausal women.Methods: For data collection, consent was taken from the participants and a questionnaire was given to them through Google form. Once the data was collected, descriptive data analysis was done on it.Results: This study found that 80.6% of women are aware of the term ‘breast cancer’ in general. Women are comparatively more aware about primary preventive measures than about secondary preventive measures. The study also found that some women have myths regarding risk factors and preventive measures of breast cancer.Conclusions: The study found that women are more aware about primary preventive measures than about secondary preventive measures. Also, some women have myths regarding risk factors and preventive measures of breast cancer.
Spectrum of depression among the inmates of correctional homes of North Eastern India
Authors: Sarkar Payel , Dhar Gautam , Ghosh Nilanjana , Ishore Kaushik , Majumdar Kunal
Published: October 2022

Background: Imprisonment, like other forms of incarceration, is a significant stressful event in an individual's life. Stress and depression are two major psychological problems among the prison population. The study was planned to determine pattern of depression and associated factors among the inmates of correctional homes.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at three correctional homes situated in Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India in between 2019 to 2020. Census inmate population fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included maintaining their voluntary participation, anonymity and confidentiality. Assessment of depression was done using patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9).Results: All the inmates had depression; mild depression was noted among 31.8%, minimal and moderate (both 25.8%) and moderately severe depression among 13.9% of the inmates. Certain risk factors were associated statistically significant with depression viz. the proportion of inmates with moderate to severe depression was lower in hilly areas (13.1%); higher among the under-trial inmates (41.3%); higher among the age group ≤20 years (56.5%); higher among the unmarried/separated/divorced inmates (48.8%). However, the proportion of moderate to severe depression was slightly higher among females (46.4%) and inmates having period of imprisonment ≤12 months (38.9%) which were not statistically significant.Conclusions: The study results call for modification of orientations to diagnose depression for clinical evaluation and interventions to help them back in mainstream population.
Prevalence of astigmatism in school going children: a hospital-based study at Majeedia Hospital, New Delhi
Authors: Ali Jamshed , Kumari Ragni , Dubey Gaurav , Afroz Simi , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Srivastava Namrata , Sharma Pratik , Kumar Vibha
Published: October 2022

Background: Generally, astigmatism is type of refractive error due to distorted and irregular of the cornea. It’s generally related to the cornea and lens.Methods: This is cross-sectional study conducted over a period from January 2017 till April 2017 among the patients in HAHC hospital. A comprehensive eye examination was used to analyse the refractive error (astigmatism). And the research was approved by the institutional review board and the ethics committee for at department of paramedical sciences, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India.Results: A total of 90 patients were included in the study. Out of which 37 were boys and 52 were girls. The rate of myopic astigmatism increased with age. In contrast, the rate of hyperopic and mixed astigmatism decreased with age. In addition, the rate of with-the-rule astigmatism increased and the rate of against-the-rule decreased with respect to age, but oblique astigmatism was rather stable with age.Conclusions: There was more myopic astigmatism and with-the-rule astigmatism in total of 90 patients. Our hospital-based study shows there are high percentage of astigmatism (47.8%) in school aged children in south Delhi region. It is important to study in future, to further evaluate the causes and magnitude of astigmatism and increase awareness among school going children in South Delhi.
Knowledge and behaviour towards second hand smoke exposure among high school teachers in Davanagere city: a cross sectional survey
Authors: Yavagal Puja C. , Susheelamma Mahalaxmi H. , Shivashankar Sumukh , Nagabhushanaiah Vinitha D. , Pawaskar Sonia R. , Maruthi Sushma G.
Published: October 2022

Background: School teachers may influence the avoidance of smoking and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure behaviour in their students. Objective was to assess the knowledge and behaviour of high school teachers towards SHS in Davanagere city.Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in the school setting involving a stratified random sample of 160 high school teachers in Davanagere city. A pre validated 18 item questionnaire was used to collect data with responses on 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was tested for face validity, language validity and content validity (content validity index score for relevance clarity, simplicity and ambiguity was 0.87, 0.84, 0.92, and 0.94, respectively). The significant level was fixed at p<0.05. Descriptive data was expressed in frequencies. Statistical analysis was done using Student’s unpaired ‘t’ test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s/Spearman’s correlation tests.Results: The mean age of teachers was 37.59±9.56 years with average teaching experience of 10.72±8.02 years. The mean knowledge and behaviour scores of participants were 29.65±4.94 and 31.56±4.28 respectively which reflected good knowledge and behaviour towards SHS. Knowledge and behaviour scores of participants were significantly (p<0.05) correlated with age (r=-0.19, -0.26), sex (r=0.21, 0.27) and teaching experience (r=-0.17, -0.23). Knowledge scores were positively correlated with behaviour scores (r=0.52, p=0.00).Conclusions: High school teachers in Davanagere city had good knowledge about and behaviour towards SHS.
Healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 in a tertiary care center in Kerala
Authors: Dev Sahya S. , Abhraham Joe , Varghese Abraham V.
Published: October 2022

Background: Health care workers are at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19. There is a high risk of them contracting the infection and then transmitting it to vulnerable patients and colleagues. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the prevalence and risk factors among HCWs. This study describes the characteristics of healthcare workers who tested positive for COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs from a tertiary care center with a real-time - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test positive for COVID-19 on a nasopharyngeal swab from July 2020 to January 2021. All healthcare workers with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were contacted over the telephone to collect data regarding their probable source of contact, usage of personal protective equipment, and clinical course. Their treatment history was extracted using electronic health records.Results: During the study period, 192 HCWs were RT-PCR positive for COVID-19. The mean age of the study participants was 34.01 years. Among the infected, 23.4% were male employees, while the remaining 76.6% were female employees. Nurses were most commonly affected (36.5%), followed by doctors (22.9%) and housekeeping staff (15.6%). Infected HCWs acquired the infection from the hospital in 73.4% of cases, while 38.6% had direct contact with patients or colleagues.Conclusions: HCWs have an increased risk of COVID-19 infection at the workplace. Strengthening of infection control measures as well as strict follow-up of precautionary measures needs to be ensured, even during break time and work hours.
Awareness regarding COVID-19 preventive measures and reasons for non-adherence among people in an urban area of mid-Kerala
Authors: Vijayan Anagha Shylaja , Viswambharan Jaya Koothupalakkal , Ravindran Reshmy Kandampully
Published: October 2022

Background: COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge to the entire world. Since it is droplet borne preventive measures can reduce the transmission effectively. So, assessing awareness regarding COVID-19 preventive measures and reason for non-adherence to them will be really helpful.Methods: Data has been collected from 502 patients attending an urban centre of mid-Kerala after obtaining informed written consent.Results: Mean age of study population was 52.96±SD 14.52 years ranging from 18 to 89. Males were 52%. Majority of the participants 467(93%) were aware about COVID-19 preventive measures. The main source of information was television and newspaper. Awareness was less among those with low educational status (90.9%) and among house wives (90.2%). Main reasons for non-adherence were constraints of space for social distancing, 18 (3.6%) forgetting to adhere 28 (5.6%) for avoiding unnecessary touching and not feeling the importance of adherence 10 (2%).Conclusions: Majority of study participants were aware about COVID-19 preventive measures even if a small proportion were not practicing it and were not aware about it. Therefore, along with the measures to tackle the reasons for non-adherence, programmes on health education regarding COVID-19 preventive measures should be planned and implemented focusing on these vulnerable groups for successful prevention of the disease.
Oral hygiene awareness among the adult rural population of district Rewari: a cross-sectional study
Authors: . Anjali , Yadav Preeti , Yadav Pooja
Published: October 2022

Background: Aim of the study is to assess the awareness regarding general oral hygiene practices amongst the adult rural population of district Rewari, with the objective to collect the baseline data about the level of awareness regarding oral hygiene amongst the adult rural population of district Rewari, Haryana and help policymakers implement new programs to improve the general health of individuals.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rewari district in November 2021. 600 participants were interviewed, data were analyzed using a statistical package for the social science (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The frequency distribution tables were prepared to present overall and subgroups data. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test. If the expected frequency is less than 5, Fisher’s exact test was used. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There were 52.8% females and 47.2% of males who were interviewed, 97.3% of participants clean their oral cavity. Around 76.1% of population uses brush and 12.1% of participants uses datun. Majority of participants recognized the fact that oral health is important for general health.Conclusions: Even in the year 2022, there is still lack in appropriate oral health awareness even among the educated group of the society. therefore, new programs should be implemented like camps and health talks to improve oral health of an individual in rural areas of the developing countries to educate and spread knowledge of proper dental care.
Occupational risk factors and associated stress level among coffee plantation workers of Kodagu District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Bheemaiah Accamma K. , D. Sunil Kumar , Tiwari Rajiv Ranjan
Published: October 2022

Background: Agricultural work is subject to the health risks inherent to a rural environment and at the same time to those deriving from the specific work process involved. This sector of activity being most unorganized, very little attention has been given to the occupational health problems. Coffee estate workers face many occupational risksMethods: The sample size of the study was 340. The study was conducted from November 2021 to May 2022 in Kodagu district, Karnataka, India. A purposive sampling technique was used. Occupational health risks were measured using a self-constructed questionnaire. Perceived level of Stress level was assessed using Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale.Results: Association of physical, chemical, mechanical and animal hazards with perceived stress level was found. Majority of the plantation workers experienced occupational risks, 15.58% workers experienced low stress, 27.35% workers experienced high stress and 57.05% workers experienced moderate stress. The results showed that there was no evidence to show the association between occupational risk factors and associated stress levels.Conclusions: In the light of the results of the current study and answers to the research questions, it could be concluded that; more than half of the studied farmers were exposed to occupational injuries and hazards. Though more than three fourth of the coffee plantation workers experienced stress, there was no association between occupational risk factors and stress levels. Measures have to be taken to protect the workers from occupational hazards.
A cross sectional study on prevalence of depression in late adolescents studying in JSS high schools and colleges in Mysore district
Authors: Tiwari Rajiv Ranjan , D. Sunil Kumar , Bheemaiah Accamma K.
Published: October 2022

Background: This study aimed to identify factors significantly associated with recent depressive mood concerning health-related behavioral patterns at the individual level, perceived safety in the school environment, and willingness to share concerns with family and social networks.Methods: In the cross-sectional study, a total of 221 middle school students were selected from 5 colleges in Mysuru, Karnataka by probability proportional to size sampling. Beck’s depression inventory and semi-structured questionnaire were used to evaluate the Prevalence of depression and factors associated with depression, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between Factors and Depression in adolescentsResults: 29% of the students reported positive in Depression assessed by the BDI scale. The lifestyle and academic performance were significantly associated with Depression. Moreover, a higher risk of mental health problems was associated with poorer school interpersonal relationshipsConclusions: Depression was prevalent among adolescents and highly associated with lifestyle and academic performance. Our findings underscore the pressing need for school administrators to make efforts to improve school interpersonal relationships among adolescents.
Prevalence of tobacco use and awareness about its ill-effects amongst adult rural population of district Rewari
Authors: Yadav Preeti , . Anjali , Yadav Pooja
Published: October 2022

Background: To determine the extent of tobacco use and knowledge of its harmful consequences among the rural population of District Rewari, Haryana.Methods:A cross-sectional study was done in the month of November 2021. A total 600 participants were interviewed using a pre-designed questionnaire for data collection.Results: 23.3% of population consuming tobacco, with male population has highest tobacco consumption (84.97%). Tobacco consumption is in form of Bidi and Hookah (85.1%). People who tried quitting tobacco restarted due to withdrawal symptoms (64.3%), peer pressure (24.2%), and 11.5% due to other factors like stress, gastric problems. 29.5% females and 25.3% males find tobacco as the main cause of oral cancer. 94% of people consuming tobacco were aware about its ill-effects. 14.37% recognized swelling and ulcers, 3.27% red and white lesion, 1.64% hoarseness of voice as main symptoms of oral cancer, while, 76.8% didn’t recognize any. 84.8% were never educated about causes, and early signs and symptoms of oral cancer by any healthcare professional, But the majority knows the ill effects of tobacco through advertisements and social media.Conclusions: Although tobacco consumption has decreased so far even in the villages, people are still unaware of the risks associated with smoking, and those who wish to stop can’t, due to lack of any professional help. New programs should be implemented like organizing awareness camps. Strictly banning the advertisements and marketing of tobacco products is the most necessary step in eliminating it from our society completely.
A cross sectional study on infant and young child feeding practices: a keep for successful nutrition in under-five children attending rural Anganwadi centres, Mysuru
Authors: L. Divya K. , Narayana Murthy M. R. , Nimithamohan K. , . Amoghashree
Published: October 2022

Background: Optimal infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) are crucial for nutritional status, growth, development, health, and ultimately the survival of children. Even with several national schemes and programs in place, India’s progress in tackling the problem of child malnutrition is slow. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition and infant and young child feeding factors determining undernutrition among under five children in rural Mysuru.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among under five children who are registered in Anganwadi centres in the rural field practice area of JSS Medical College. 261 children were chosen as per population proportionate to the size sampling technique.Results: The mean age of the children was 2.8±1.2 years and 86.6% belonged to Below Poverty Line households.70.1% received breastfeeding within an hour of birth. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was provided for 67.4% of the children. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting was 13.8%, 16.5%, and 5.7% respectively. The undernutrition among children was associated with the type of economic card and birth weight of the child.Conclusion: IYCF is a key area to improve child survival and promote healthy growth and development. The study calls for attention to be placed on improving and promoting participatory nutrition education to raise awareness, health literacy, and foster behavioural change communication for improved child feeding and caring practices. Additionally, sociocultural determinants of feeding practices should be addressed in the design of nutritional interventions.
Finger clasp relaxation as therapeutic for reducing headache scale in hypertension cases
Authors: Maria Dely
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this case study is to see the extent to which the application of finger grip relaxation in reducing headache in clients who have hypertension problems. The research design used is descriptive research with case study method. Participants in this study used two clients who had the same nursing problems and medical problems, namely hypertension with headache problems. The action was carried out for 8 visits. After the finger grip relaxation was carried out on both subjects, there was a decrease in the pain scale and blood pressure. Complaints of difficulty sleeping can also be controlled. This finger grip relaxation therapy can reduce blood pressure, pain scale, and relieve symptoms experienced by people with hypertension. Finger grip reflexes will work effectively if the emphasis on the indicated point is appropriate, the time is consistent, and there is cooperation between the two when applying finger grip relaxation therapy.