bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicación de deflectores para el control de la socavación local alrededor de pilas cuadradas y rectangulares
Authors:   Omar                                              Molina, Moncada Alix , Suárez Ambrosio
Published: November 2022

El presente estudio analiza experimentalmente el efecto de diferentes dispositivos de alteración del flujo para el control de la socavación local en pilas, que se denominaron deflectores. En los ensayos se utilizó una pila cuadrada y una rectangular; y se usó arena como material de fondo. En primer lugar, con la pila cuadrada, se analizaron los siguientes dispositivos: una placa colocada alrededor de la pila, dispositivos cúbicos con una sección curva y deflectores curvos del flujo descendente en la pila. Posteriormente, usando la pila rectangular, se ensayaron los dispositivos que lograron la mayor protección a la pila cuadrada. Además, se analizó un dispositivo alternativo que se diseñó considerando el efecto favorable alcanzado por dos de estos dispositivos, al cual se le denominó deflector tipo canaleta curva. Para cada experimento, se midió el perfil del fondo erosionado en el eje de cada lado de la pila. Esto permitió determinar la profundidad de socavación máxima. Se obtuvo que la posición óptima de la placa alrededor de la pila cuadrada era colocada a nivel del fondo. Bajo esta condición y con el mayor ancho de placa igual a 2.5 cm, se alcanzó la mayor efectividad igual a 68.11 %. Esto indica que la posición y el ancho de la placa tienen una gran influencia sobre la reducción de la profundidad de socavación. Los deflectores tipo canaleta curva de esquinas rectangulares y redondeadas y la placa plana, ubicados alrededor de la pila rectangular y a nivel del fondo granular, lograron la mayor efectividad de 91.12 %, 91.54 % y 73.36 %, respectivamente. Estos dispositivos lograron una disminución significativa en el tamaño del foso de socavación y una reducción considerable de la profundidad de socavación máxima.
Formulation of a eugenol-based O/W emulsion for application as a topical and oral anesthetic by low-energy emulsification
Authors:   Leonel                                           Segovia, Cedeño Yleana , Dávila Rafael , Pérez Albany , Bullón Johnny , Rennola Leonardo , Márquez Ronald
Published: November 2022

Emulsions are systems formed by two immiscible liquids, one of which is dispersed in the other as droplets with relative stability. These have multiple applications, among them, in the formulation of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Its preparation requires generating a large interfacial area, which is usually attained by using the physicochemical formulation know-how on surfactant-oil-water (SOW) systems. Among the applications in the pharmaceutical industry, topical creams, and emulsions for intravenous and for oral administration can be found. Eugenol can be extracted from cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) by various methods, including steam distillation, hydrodistillation and Soxhlet extraction. Furthermore, emul-sions based on eugenol can be obtained for a variety of applications, including as topical and oral anesthetic. Nanoemulsions can be formulated with a mixture of nonionic surfactants Span 20/Tween 80 at an HLB of 11 to 13 and a total surfactant concentration of 4%, using the dilution phase transition method (so-called spontaneous emulsification) to attain stable O/W eugenol-based emulsions. Paraffin oil/eugenol ratio of 4/1 can be used to reach a final emulsion internal oil phase content of 10% with 4% surfactant and 86% aqueous phase. Different polymers are used as viscosifying agents, including carbox-ymethylcellulose. Under these conditions, eugenol-based emulsions with an average droplet size of less than 2 µm can be attained, with topical and oral anesthetic characteristics.
Petcoke composites as HPHT fluid-loss control additive for oil-based drilling fluids
Authors: Pérez Miguel
Published: November 2022

In the present work, composites based on petroleum coke (shot petcoke) and unmodified lignites as high pressure and high temperature fluid loss control additives (HPHT) in oil-based drilling fluids were synthesized and evaluated. Several petcoke composites were synthesized with coke content among 48 wt% and 85 wt%. Petroleum coke composites with lignites controlled the fluid-loss better than organophilic lignite. Petcoke composite with leonardite (a type of lignite) (FPC-L) was that showed the smaller fluid-loss (6.8 mL) in organophilic lignite (FOL) comparison (5.7 mL), because of colloidal lignite (fouling) helps plug off the permeable parts of filter-cake. Applying the reverse osmosis filtration models (Hermia’s models); the blocking mechanisms that occurred most probably were found. FOL fluid-loss control mechanism is by filter-cake formation, while FPC-L is by filter-cake fouling. Petcoke composites controlling fluid-loss by three mechanisms colloidal fouling of the cake filtration: (i) intermediate blocking, (ii) standard blocking and (iii) complete blocking. Colloidal lignite is a determinant factor in the fouling of pore volume and permeability the filter-cake. Cake filtration permeability was estimated by 1H-NMR. Use lignite-petcoke composites as fluid-loss control additive of lower environment impact for oil-based drilling fluids.
Caracterización del tránsito a través de espectros de carga. Caso de estudio: "Vía troncal 15, tramo Valle de la Pascua – El Tigre, Estados Guárico - Anzoátegui, Venezuela"
Authors:   Álvaro                                           Briceño, Araujo Nómar , Rondón Alirio , Castellanos Jimmy
Published: November 2022

La caracterización del tránsito por medio del concepto de espectro de carga, constituye la alternativa de mejor exactitud para re-presentar las cargas de los vehículos pesados de acuerdo a los métodos de análisis y diseño de estructuras de pavimento con enfoque mecanicista. Para diagramar los espectros de carga o histogramas de frecuencia, es necesario conocer la configuración del tipo de vehículo y el peso real por eje, esta información se obtiene de estudios dinámicos in-situ, conocidos por sus siglas WIM (Weight in Motion). En el presente trabajo se propone la caracterización metódica del tránsito pesado del tramo carretero Valle de la Pascua – El Tigre, correspondiente a la Troncal 15 entre los Estados Guárico y Anzoátegui. Para ello, se tomó como referencia un aforo de una estación móvil de pesaje (WIM) de una semana de duración, los datos fueron procesados de acuerdo a cada clase de vehículo y según la configuración del tipo de eje y se obtuvieron los espectros o histogramas de carga por clase de vehículo y por tipo de eje lo que representa la variable tránsito de este tramo carretero. Posteriormente, se aplicó un ajuste estadístico con el uso de funciones de distribución continua, para una simplificación significativa en cuanto al número de parámetros que definen la variable tránsito.
Proposal to Improve the Management System of Storage in a Virtual Learning Environment
Authors:   Junior                                            Valera, Moreno Yaneth , Mejía Gustavo , Hidrobo Francisco , Díaz Gilberto , Meneses Jathinson
Published: November 2022

This article introduces a theoretical model of a storage management system for big data-based virtual learning environments. The system uses artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning and deep learning to explore strategies for optimizing how stored data is processed. To this end, the storage management requirements currently presented by these platforms, as well as big data techniques and tools, and their applications on those platforms were investigated. This model is designed to be distributed, scalable, fast, and fault tolerant. In addition, it is expected to work with any web application that needs to improve file downloads.
Efecto ejercido por presiones parciales de hidrógeno sobre la eficiencia faradaica, en la reducción electroquímica del dióxido de carbono. Parte A.
Authors:   Yris                                                  Martínez, De Sousa Alejandro , Hernández Ricardo , Rojas Carlos , Useche Keymar
Published: November 2022

La descarga de hidrógeno es una reacción competitiva con la reducción electroquímica del dióxido de carbono en medios acuosos o ácidos, de manera que con el objeto de tratar de inhibirla, en este trabajo se estudió la influencia que ejercen presiones parciales CO2/H2 sobre la reducción electroquímica del dióxido de carbono basando el planteamiento en el principio de Le Chatelier. Los estudios voltamperométricos realizados a presión atmosférica indican que la disposición de los electrodos es de suma importancia cuando se obtienen productos gaseosos, ya que estos bloquean la superficie conduciendo a la pérdida del área efectiva del electrodo. Adicionalmente, los estudios voltamperométricos en presencia y ausencia de dióxido de carbono sugieren que la formación del radical anión ocurre a partir de -1.8 V vs Ag/AgCl KCl sat. Los estudios voltamperométricos y de electrólisis a 20 atm para los sistemas buffer sulfato [H2SO4 / K2SO4 pH=2], mostraron que el electrodo de carbón vítreo sumergido en el buffer sulfato a 20 atm de dióxido de carbono y aplicando -1,8 V genera HCOOH como único producto de reducción del dióxido de carbono con una eficiencia faradaica del 1,8 %. Finalmente, se encontró que las presiones parciales de hidrógeno aplicadas, no ejercen un efecto significativo sobre la eficiencia faradaica del proceso.
ESTIMATION OF SOIL NUTRIENT (Ca, Cu, Fe, & Zn) IN THE POLDERISED AREA OF COASTAL ZONE: A CASE STUDY OF BEEL DAKATIA, KHULNA
Authors: Haque M.R. , Ahmad J.U. , Safiullah S. , Azam K.
Published: November 2022

Soil samples were collected from the three locations of Umvita, Ghona Madar Danga, and Taligati. Among the three locations, Umvita and Ghona Madar Danga were divided into two polders i.e., Polder -25 (Beel Dakatia ) and Polder-27. However, Taligati was in Polder - 25 (Beel Dakatia) only. Soils were analyzed for moisture content and soil nutrients (Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn). The moisture content in the soil of Polder -27 was relatively lower than that of the moisture content in the soils of Polder -25 (Beel Dakatia ), which indicated t he presence of high concentration of organic carbon and humic acid. The average concentration of essential macronutrient Ca and micronutient Fe and Zn were found to be lower in the soil of Polder -25 (Beel Dakatia) compared with the soil in Polder -27. However, the concentration of Cu was higher in Polder -27 in comparison with Polder-25 (Beel Dakatia). The lower value of soil nutrients in Beel Dakatia indicated loss of soil fertility.
GROWTH AND YIELD OF DIFFERENT RICE VARIETIES IN COASTAL SALINE SOIL
Authors: Hossain Balal , Jahangir N.M. , Shamsuddin M. , Kumar S.T.
Published: November 2022

A field experiment was carried out in a slightly to moderately coastal saline soil of the Khulna district. The area is mostly under monocropped practices having cropping intensity of >114%. Topsoil, river and ground water salinity in these area range from 1.7-2.6, 0.25-0.39 and 1.4-3.2 dS/m during July to December respectively. Soil and tidal riv er water salinity doesn’t severely affect the growth and yield of both HYV and local rice varieties in this period. BR-23 performed better growth and yield than BR-30 and local varieties. The degree of yield performance were BR-23>BR-30>Jutabalam>Kachra when the other relevant parameters remained constant
VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT: A PROACTIVE STRATEGIC APPROACH TO GO SUCCESSFULLY IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET FOR THE SHRIMP PROCESSING INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Rahman Md. Hefzur
Published: November 2022

This is a study of exploring a prospective strategy for Bangladesh shrimp processing industry with a view to meeting the challenges that have been posed in the international market by other foreign marketers in the same trade. Shrimp processing and export has been accepted as an industry for a very long time in the economy of Bangladesh. Due to its immense contribution to the economic development of the country, the industry has already exerted itself as the second largest sector after the garments industry. The EU, USA and Japan have the greatest potential for growth of market share for the Bangladesh shrimp industry. The shrimp processing industry and its total value network is beset by various problems. These problems have been piling up since the inception of the industry. Industry is suffering from lack of professional outlook and quality continuity which have not yet developed to capture the long-term business gain. Sufficient supply of shrimp fry and higher productivity per acre need to be ensured in collaboration with technical experts. Sharing the experiences and the strengths of different parties along the value-network of the industry need to be aligned, so as to work as an integrated single entity for the shared objectives. They have complementary resources and experiences and strengths, which are important to each other to be competitive in the international market. Shared Cultural Practice among the strategic partners is the single most important prerequisite to implement virtual integration through strategic alliance for successful value-chain management (VCM).
Herbicidas orgánicos alternativa al glifosato para el control de maleza en presiembra en el norte de Tamaulipas
Authors: Espinosa-Ramírez Martín , Cisneros-López Ma. Eugenia
Published: November 2022

Introducción. El manejo agronómico del cultivo desde siembra hasta cosecha es mecanizado. Uno de los componentes más importantes es el control de malezas (Montes et al., 2013). El manejo químico de las malezas se basa en un grupo de herbicidas sintéticos de preemergencia y postemergencia para controlar especies de hoja ancha de importancia agronómica (Rosales et al., 2011). Objetivo. Evaluar dos herbicidas orgánicos como alterativa al uso del glifosato. Métodos. El diseño experimental fue en bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los productos utilizados fueron: glifosato (907 g i.a/ha) y dos herbicidas orgánicos (2.1 L/ha), en 230 L/ha de agua, como coadyuvante se usó Bionex. Resultados y discusión. Antes de la aplicación de los tratamientos las especies de malezas fueron: Solanum elaeagnifolim L. (13.0±9.9/ m 2 ), Amaranthus palmeri L. (13.0±7.5/ m 2 ) y Panicum. fasciculatum, Panicum. rectus (27.2±22.8/m 2 ). En menor proporción estuvieron Euphorbia serpens (2.5±1.9/m 2 )  y Partenium hysterophorus (1.7±1.4/m 2 ). En términos estadísticos, el factor que más contribuyó a explicar los resultados fue el tipo de herbicida (82%) de la varianza acumulada (P<0.001). El tratamiento glifosato fue el más efectivo, después de 21 días de la aplicación, para control de Amaranthus palmeri (90.3%) y Euphorbia serpens (72.9%). Para el control de S. elaeagnifolim (93.1 y 87.5%) y zacates (88.3 y 69.0%). Los herbicidas orgánicos a los 21 días después de la aplicación tuvieron estadísticamente la misma respuesta al testigo sin control. Conclusión. Ningún tratamiento con herbicidas orgánicos superó al testigo comercial (glifosato).
THE QUIBAS SITE (MURCIA, SPAIN): NEW HERBIVORES FROM THE EARLY-MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE TRANSITION
Authors: ROSAS ANTONIO , GALLI EMILIA , FIDALGO DARÍO , GARCÍA-TABERNERO ANTONIO , HUGUET ROSA , GARCÍA-MARTÍNEZ DANIEL , PIÑERO PEDRO , AGUSTÍ JORDI , RICO-BARRIO ALBA , VALLVERDÚ JOSEP
Published: November 2022

The Lower Pleistocene site of Quibas, in Sierra de Quibas (Murcia, Spain) was discovered in 1994 and has since then provided abundant material of typical Epivillafranchian taxa. This biochron belongs to the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition (1.2 – 0.78 Ma), characterised by a change in orbital cyclicity from a 41 kyr cycle to 100 kyr that intensified the climate and culminated in the most important faunal turnover of the Pleistocene regarding large mammals. The Group of Palaeoanthropology of the National Museum of Natural Sciences (CSIC, Spain) and the Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA, Spain) carried out four field seasons from 2015 to 2018. Here we present the large herbivorous mammals recovered from the field, including the first citation of two taxa new to the locality: Stephanorhinus cf. etruscus and Bison cf. voigtstedtensis. We also provide the first description of previously mentioned taxa: Dama cf. vallonnetensis and Sus sp. Together with the remaining herbivores, the faunal community shows a strong European affinity with some regionalism. Compared with other Iberian localities, the site of Quibas stands out for the lack of hominin fossils or any evidence supporting their presence in the area, a peculiar scenario given that the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition broadly speaking sees the arrival of humans into Europe.
MISTIC (CHEMISTRY EDUCATION APPLICATION): INNOVATION OF PRACTICAL ANDROID BASED INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA APPLICATION
Authors: Jordan Jamal Randy , Ali Zeeshan , Witri Khairiyyah  , Salsabillah Misel Jihan , Kahesa Mita , Dwicha Asda Viola
Published: November 2022

Based on the Circular Letter of Kemendikbud Dikti No. 1 of 2020 regarding the prevention of the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia, all learning activities are turned into online learning. This sudden change caused several new problems in the world of education such as students not being able to learn independently and actively participate optimally, difficulty in having internet data, unsupported signals, and for teachers the difficulty of correcting students' assignments and exercises and not carrying out practicals, while online. One way to solve this problem is to create an Android-based learning media application. This product is a technology that utilizes smartphones with the android platform. This product can be developed to meet the needs of teachers and students when learning online. This product is equipped with a virtual lab and exercises to strengthen students' concepts, students can fill out exercises directly on the product and get feedback from the answers given. Besides, this product is equipped with evaluation questions that can detect the accuracy and speed of students in answering questions. Every time you finish answering questions, the grades and rankings of students in the class are automatically displayed on the student's android screen. This makes students motivated and eager to do evaluations because of the desire to get a higher rank, and is expected to improve student learning outcomes. This product was developed on the fundamental chemical laws topic. This product was developed through Kodular and in collaboration with the Google Forms and Quizizz websites.  Kodular  is  an  application  developer  using  block  programming.  The  resulting product has a capacity of 35 MB and is also connected to other sites on the internet. In this product there are menus in the form of competencies, instructions for use, attendance lists, materials, evaluations, developer profiles, feedback, and references.
Development of E-Module K3 and Employment Law
Authors: Riani Elsa Cipto , Amini Aisyah , Hijjah Nur , Thoha Adi
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this research is to produce e-module Project Based Learning in K3 and Employment Law courses that are valid, practical, and effective in K3 and Employment Law subjects for SMK students. The research method used is research and development with a 4D development model consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The result of this research is the successful development of e-modules K3 and Employment Law to support the learning process. The effectiveness of this module is seen based on cognitive learning outcomes. Based on the differences in the results of the pretest and posttest that have been distributed, it can be concluded that the e-module K3 and Employment Law have been effective. This research implies that this e-module can continue to be developed to improve the quality of education in K3 and Employment Law courses.
Enhanced simulation-based mastery learning for the attainment of procedural skills competence for acute common care stem (ACCS) trainees
Authors: Player Charlie
Published: November 2022

A new curriculum for Acute Common Care Stem (ACCS) trainees was introduced in 2021 and included a mandatory requirement to have specific practical assessments performed, known as Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS). These aimed to provide evidence of competence and enable progression through training. The curriculum change prompted the creation of a novel one-day skills-based course in order to ensure that all the ACCS trainees met the required level of competence. An enhanced simulation-based mastery learning method was used to ensure that trainees have the clinical knowledge to identify when future practical emergency skills are indicated and have the psychomotor skills necessary to perform these procedures safely and efficiently. This study was aimed at exploring the impact of a simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) [1] in a one-day procedural skills course.

New curriculum content was reviewed in order to establish the different practical skills required for the second year of ACCS training. Regional trainees were then sent an online survey to ask which specific procedures they would like included on a skills course. There were five procedures requested: chest drain insertion (Seldinger and open), aspiration of air, DC cardioversion, and external cardiac pacing. Meetings with the local training programme director and simulation lead assisted in the formation of the skills day. Faculty were formed by registrars and consultants in Emergency Medicine. Trainees aimed to reach a competence level that would mean they still need in hospital supervision for any future procedures. Eight ACCS trainees attended a one-day skills-based course in May 2022. The course was preceded by multiple online e-learning resources and videos. The SBML day consisted of a demonstration with deliberate practice followed by DOPS assessments using simulation and trainee-focused feedback. Anonymised pre- and post-course questionnaires were completed by all trainees containing questions surrounding their experience and confidence in performing these procedural skills.

All trainees achieved the required level of competence needed at their stage in training. Each trainee stated that their confidence levels improved in performing all five procedures after attending the course (

Mean confidence levels in procedures pre- and post-course using Likert scale (1–5)

An enhanced SBML method in a one-day course enabled efficient, standardised procedural skills practice and assessment for a group of ACCS trainees. Training, practice, and assessment in necessary curricular competences were achieved together while improving the level of confidence in trainees performing these procedures.

1. Scahill E, Oliver N, Tallentire V, Edgar S, Tiernan J. An enhanced approach to simulation-based mastery learning: optimising the educational impact of a novel, National Postgraduate Medical Boot Camp. Advances in Simulation. 2021;6(1).
Gamification in ophthalmic surgery simulation
Authors: Malik M. Bilal , Momin Sehrish Nizar Ali
Published: November 2022

Recent advances in simulation have yielded great outcomes in training ophthalmology residents worldwide [1]. However, repetitive tasks may lead to burnout and loss of interest. The safe learning environments provided by surgical simulation create space for exploring creative practices and the introduction of gamification [2]. We held one such tournament for ophthalmology residents to compare and compete on their cataract surgery skills [3]. The aim was to generate interest and sportsmanship amongst the residents, and engage senior surgeons on the utility of simulation.

We designed a knockout tournament with 3 rounds, for 8 participants (

Illustration of the knockout tournament in three rounds.

Round 1 scores for the 8 participants ranged from 0 to 94 out of 100, and the top 4 scorers who qualified for the next round scored 94, 94, 94, and 90 in their highest scoring attempt. The mean time taken per task in round 1 was 2 min 24 sec. Round 2 highest scores were 89, 86, 79, and 74, and the mean time taken was 2 min 18 sec. Final round 3 scores were 69 and 65, and a champion was declared. The whole event took 3 hours and successfully generated sportsmanship spirit and significant interest in surgical simulation. Furthermore, the simulator noted a total injured corneal area of 18.78 mm2 and capsular damage of 4.7 mm.

The design of the tournament not only ensured excitement amongst all participants but also encouraged participants to excel in the tasks in the provided course by bringing sportsman spirit, boosting the confidence of performing live surgery in front of an audience, and by collecting and analyzing their cumulative data. Gamification of surgical simulation allows residents to compete in a safe learning environment. We recommend this exercise to all centers equipped with surgical simulators. In the future, different surgical themes and future international tournaments may be explored.

1. Ahmed TM, Hussain B, Siddiqui MAR. Can simulators be applied to improve cataract surgery training: a systematic review. BMJ Open Ophthalmology. 2020;5(1):e000488.

2. van Gaalen AEJ, Brouwer J, Schönrock-Adema J, Bouwkamp-Timmer T, Jaarsma ADC, Georgiadis JR. Gamification of health professions education: a systematic review. Advances in Health Sciences Education. 2021;26(2):683–711.

3. Aga Khan University. EyeSurg Tournament.
Testing the system: infant ‘abduction’
Authors: Groucutt Jessica , Allen Sarah , Nash Matthew
Published: November 2022

Infant abductions from hospital are rare events but make headline news. A US study examined 247 infant abductions between 1983–2006 and found nearly half were abducted from healthcare settings [1]. Abduction risk reduction strategies are also considered during the Care Quality Commission’s inspection of each maternity unit [2]. The baby tagging system was updated in our hospital in April 2020, training undertaken and subsequently reinforced with e-learning. In our hospital, many families have safeguarding concerns. These are considered the highest potential risk for infant abduction so it is essential the system and processes provide protection. The aim of this simulation was to test the processes currently in place for a tagged baby abduction from an inpatient ward to highlight good practices and identify system failures.

An activated tag was assigned to a manikin on the transitional care unit. The manikin was removed, in a carrier bag, by a faculty member (‘the abductor’) tailgating a leaving staff member thus preventing the ward doors from automatically locking when the tag is near the sensor. The ‘abductor’ took the lift to the ground floor and walked out of the main entrance within three minutes. Faculty members were placed in transitional care (TC), the main entrance, and another tracking the tag’s location. A timeline of events was recorded and analysed. Simulation participants were debriefed, including staff directly involved, parents on TC, front of house staff, and senior managers.

It was evident from the debriefing that this caused significant distress to some staff members who felt helpless and uncertain when faced with this scenario. It highlighted how quick and easy it is to leave the hospital with a baby. Important human factors were identified including discrepancies between emergency call requests and responses, and poor knowledge about the abduction of baby policy. System problems were found: hospital ‘lockdown’ locked internal doors preventing responder actions but not all external doors; and the tagging system did not respond as expected – locking the doors to the ward and an inaccurate final tag location.

Multiple deficiencies in the system were found so an action plan has subsequently commenced. New external doors have been added to automatic lockdown and a new main entrance door system proposed. Tagging engineers are addressing the automatic locking of internal doors and tag location, switchboard calls are to be standardised, and the standard operating procedure is being reviewed and recirculated.

1. Burgess AW, Carr KE, Nahirny C, Rabun JB Jr. Nonfamily infant abductions, 1983–2006. Am J Nurs. 2008 Sep;108(9):32–8. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000334972.82359.58. PMID: 18756155.

2. Care Quality Commission NHS IH Maternity core service framework v7 (2018)
A different state of mind: developing a mental health simulation programme for foundation doctors in Scotland
Authors: Millar James , Andargache Elizabeth , Oliver Nathan
Published: November 2022

The new Foundation Curriculum 2021 for Doctors in Training (DiT) in the United Kingdom calls for an increased focus on developing mental health-related skills [1], bringing them into parity with physical health. The importance of developing the core clinical skills needed to work with patients who have mental illness is now well-recognised within medical education [2,3].

In collaboration with NHS Education Scotland (NES), we piloted a half-day programme of immersive high-fidelity simulation in Psychiatry for foundation year one (FY1) doctors working in NHS Lothian. Scenario design was by a core group consisting of simulation faculty and Foundation programme directors who were consultant psychiatrists and acted as content experts. The intended learning outcomes (ILOs) for these sessions were constructively aligned with key presentations set out in the revised Foundation Curriculum. The scenarios considered the limitations of practice for an FY1, particularly in regard to mental health law. The three immersive scenarios developed included management of an aggressive patient with delirium, challenging communication with relatives, and management of a depressed patient. Scenarios were based in general wards to maximise fidelity with FY1 experience. 18 sessions were run for FY1 doctors at the three main acute hospital sites in NHS Lothian to ensure equitable access. Participants completed a pre-session evaluation to determine their perceived ability to perform key skills, including assessment of a patient who has self-harmed, a patient with depressive symptoms, assessment of capacity and use of mental health legislation, use of verbal de-escalation, safe sedation, and how to take a collateral history. Assessments were made on a Likert scale and were repeated immediately following the session. We plan to repeat this questionnaire three months following the session.

A total of 68 FY1 doctors attended the pilot sessions. When considering the percentage of participants who felt prepared or very prepared, substantial improvements were seen in all assessed domains following the session (

Percentage of candidates who reported feeling either prepared or very prepared to carry out they key skills included in the pilot sessions

We have demonstrated that immersive simulation-based education can be used to improve knowledge and confidence in core aspects of psychiatry. With support from NES, we aim to offer this session to all FY1s in Scotland.

1. UK Foundation Programme (2021) UK Foundation Programme.

2. Piot MA, Dechartres A, Attoe C, Jollant F, Lemogne C, Layat Burn C, Rethans JJ, Michelet D, Cross S, Billon G, Guerrier G. Simulation in psychiatry for medical doctors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Medical Education. 2020;54(8):696–708.

3. Piot MA, Attoe C, Billon G, Cross S, Rethans JJ, Falissard B. Simulation training in psychiatry for medical education: a review. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2021;12:658967.
Widening access to SHINE (simulation to help in neonatal emergencies) to include neonatal qualified in specialty (QIS) course students
Authors: Groucutt Jessica , Nash Matthew , Bradford Jennifer
Published: November 2022

Simulation is known to improve clinical skills and team communication. A full-day neonatal emergency simulation course was established in 2018 for paediatric postgraduate doctors in training. It consists of four scenarios and two workshops for eight candidates; running 4 times per year. The candidates are split into 2 groups allowing each to ‘lead’ a scenario with traditionally faculty placed as nursing plants. In contrast, simulations run on our neonatal unit involve both nursing staff and medical candidates, allowing for true multidisciplinary working. Access and funding for simulation can be more difficult for nurses but it is known that the protected environment and the sense of security enhance nursing students’ self-esteem and confidence, thus promoting learning [1]. The aim of the study was to make the SHINE course more authentic to real life with a multidisciplinary approach to the scenarios; to see if inviting neonatal unit nurses to the course affected the postgraduate doctors in training feedback (which has always been consistently positive); and to assess if the nurses felt it was beneficial for their training.

We invited four nurses to SHINE who were about to complete their Neonatal Qualified in Specialty (QIS) Course. They took the nursing role in the scenarios either caring for the baby (a manikin) in the neonatal unit or carrying the labour ward delivery nursing bleep. We evaluated the relevance, confidence levels, and the learning environment for both the doctors and nurses attending the course via a written anonymous survey.

The doctor’s feedback was very positive and comparable to previous courses ran with all of them recommending the course to their colleagues, and they felt they had enough opportunity to interact. The nurses felt sessions were very relevant to their current practice and all of them improved their level of confidence. They felt there was the correct number of scenarios and workshops; that the debriefings were well structured and educational; the learning environment was safe and supportive; and all would recommend the course to a colleague. Comments included ‘Really enjoyed the day and it has definitely helped me to feel more confident – especially as I’ve only just started holding the bleep.’

SHINE is a well-established sought-after course shown to be effective and highly valued by paediatric postgraduate doctors in training. Given the positive feedback, we will be inviting four nurses to each SHINE course and integrating it in to Qualified in Specialty training.

1. Koukourikos K, Tsaloglidou A, Kourkouta L, Papathanasiou IV, Iliadis C, Fratzana A, Panagiotou A. Simulation in Clinical Nursing Education. Acta Inform Med. 2021;29(1):15–20.
Using simulation to increase medical students’ exposure to trauma care in a district general hospital
Authors: Hickey Eamonn , Bennett Joseph , Greer Andrew
Published: November 2022

When placed in District General Hospitals, medical students have reported limited exposure to major trauma, which is a key part of their Acute and Critical Care curriculum. Several studies have been conducted showing that simulation-based trauma education for undergraduate students can effectively prepare medical students for trauma resuscitation [1]. Targeting 4

A one-day session was designed, including a pre-course video, practical demonstrations, and an introductory presentation covering primary surveys and management of common trauma presentations. 5 scenarios covered situations across the trauma spectrum, such as tension pneumothorax, severe intracranial bleed and loss of airway, major haemorrhage, and spinal injury. Students were expected to independently assess patients and perform practical procedures if required. Self-reported confidence in trauma management was measured with a pre- and post-course questionnaire. Responses were recorded on a 7-point Likert scale with open fields for direct feedback.

In the pre-course questionnaire, students reported low levels of confidence in their assessment and management of trauma. In the post-course questionnaire, students reported feeling substantially more confident in assessing, investigating, and managing common diagnoses in trauma patients. Many reported feeling they had insufficient teaching about traumatic presentations during medical school and little prior exposure to simulation-based teaching. After the session, students reported feeling better prepared to work within a trauma team. All students who attended the day found simulation-based teaching to be a useful part of their learning experience.

Targeted trauma teaching introduced as a direct response to students’ expressed needs improved knowledge of, and confidence in, managing common and serious trauma presentations. Simulation sessions such as these can help fill gaps in experience that may be associated with placements in non-specialist centres.

1. Borggreve AS, Meijer JM, Schreuder HW, Ten Cate O. Simulation-based trauma education for medical students: a review of literature. Medical teacher. 2017;39(6):631–638.
A pilot study exploring how facilitators support healthcare learners during simulation-based scenarios to achieve the learning outcomes
Authors: Wilford Amanda
Published: November 2022

A significant body of work has been surrounding simulation design, pre-briefing, debriefing, and evaluation within healthcare simulation that has informed several frameworks and national guidelines [1]. The 2021 INACSL Standards of Best Practice Facilitation direct the facilitator to deliver cues to redirect learners during the scenario to achieve the learning outcomes within the scenario [1]. Cue is the term used to describe additional information provided by the facilitator to the learners about the patient to achieve the learning outcomes [1]. Cueing examples include providing additional blood results or changing a vital sign [1]. The facilitator chooses cues based on their learners’ perception within the scenario [1]. There is no guidance on the types of cues used or when and how to use them. Interestingly no other strategies are suggested to support learners. This research is exploring how simulation facilitators working with undergraduate nursing students can support learning through simulation at a university in England using a descriptive case study [2]. A case study will reveal current practices from the perspectives of facilitators and learners within a scenario. The research questions (RQ) to be addressed are: How do facilitators support student nurses in simulation-based scenarios? What support do student nurses require from facilitators in simulation-based scenarios to aid their learning?

A small number of student nurses and facilitators have been interviewed via semi-structured interviews to describe the current situation. The pilot study has been granted Ethical Approval by the Institution (HREC 4853). The interviews have been recorded and transcribed using MS Teams and are being analyzed using Thematic Analysis (TA). TA is one method to analyze qualitative data using the transcripts and field notes documented during the semi-structured interviews for the pilot study. Data from the study is coded and categorized using TA. Codes will be found and identified that suggest themes to answer the two RQ. Braun and Clarke [3] suggest that TA is a method with a clear set of procedures to identify themes and patterns about specific RQs. This approach was chosen as it is not linked to a specific method.

Preliminary findings suggest there is a mismatch between what learners and facilitators need for support through the scenario phase. Facilitators appear to intervene based on their perceptions of what they see with no pre-determined approach.

1. Persico L, Belle A, DiGregorio H, Wilson-Keates B, Shelton C. Healthcare simulation standards of best practice

2. Yin R. Case Study Research and Applications, 6th Edn, London, SAGE. 2018

3. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology. 2006;3(2):77–101.
A cross-programme vertically integrated communication and professionalisation curriculum, adapted from pharmacy for nursing
Authors: Wiskin Connie , Weetman Katie , Chizzo Jacob
Published: November 2022

The Clinical Communication Team at the University of Birmingham are undertaking an ambitious project where students across all healthcare programmes will interact within a single virtual healthcare community – ‘Wood Brooke’ – via simulation activities. The vertical nature of the programme means students can ‘follow’ the illness/life journeys of a series of families that they meet early in the course over a 3–4 year timeframe. Additionally, they can meet and interact with simulated healthcare professionals working in Wood Brooke’s virtual primary, community, and secondary care facilities. Wood Brooke is already well-established throughout our 4-year Pharmacy degree, being integrated into teaching and testing not just for communication, but linked to other clinical aspects of the Programme. We will share our model, and experiences, successes, and challenges.

Recently Wood Brooke was adapted for Birmingham’s 3-year BNurs programme as a vertically integrated clinical communication/professionalisation strand. It is well documented that nursing students should be trained in patient-centred communication [1]. Students from Adult, Child, and Mental Health Nursing mix in the sessions for intra-professional learning and breadth of peer support and feedback. Sessions in Year 1 focus on cases relating to three families from Wood Brooke from patient and relative/carer perspectives. Year 2 builds on the simulation to consider intra and interprofessional colleague interactions in community-based and acute settings through telephone and face to face role play simulation. This builds on the 3 family cases introduced in the first year, introducing other members within the family. Year 3 is under development.

Feedback from learners about the Programme has been positive. This is not a research project so we will not be presenting ‘data’. A result in progress is rolling Wood Brooke out to other Programmes, including Medicine and Dentistry, as part of curriculum review. Discussion may focus on the potential benefits of healthcare students having shared visibility of patient narratives/experiences where that patient is accessing care under more than one service.

Inclusivity and designing a ‘community’ reflective of the population has been central. The vertical development of patient narratives over several years enables adaption of the programme to meet new priorities and needs (including, e.g., shift to remote working for COVID-19, and evolving patient demographics).

1. Gutiérrez-Puertas L, Márquez-Hernández VV, Gutiérrez-Puertas V, Granados-Gámez G, Aguilera-Manrique G. Educational interventions for nursing students to develop communication skills with patients: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(7):2241.
The experiencing sensory overload project (ESOP): developing an immersive simulation experience for healthcare professionals.
Authors: Poultney Susan , Wedgbury Kirsty
Published: November 2022

Atypical sensory processing is described as a difficulty in regulating and managing sensory input in a meaningful, ordered way to make sense of the world and environment in which you find yourself. Sensory processing disorder (SPD) is common in individuals with autism, pervasive development disorders, and neurodivergent conditions [1,2,3]. The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) [2] suggest sensory processing disorders are often overlooked by education, social, and healthcare professionals, leading to health and social inequalities with individuals less able to access ‘support and services that they need to live independently’ [2 p5]. The Experiencing Sensory Overload Project (ESOP) aims to champion inclusive practice and reduce health inequalities by encouraging and enabling healthcare professionals to reconsider their approach, and their working environments to create sensorily safe spaces for individuals who may experience sensory overload.

The authors recognised there was insufficient education on SPD within the current nursing curriculum. To address this theory/practice gap, training was sought externally. This consisted of a short simulation-based activity with training delivered by carers who had experience of sensory overload. This was well evaluated by the student participants; however lecturing staff felt the training did not meet our university teaching and learning standards. The positive student feedback provided the impetus to forge links with digital arts colleagues to co-create a robust, pedagogically sound and immersive learning experience.

The collaborative journey of ESOP has been led and facilitated by academics from the School of Nursing and Midwifery and the School of Arts in a cross-school alliance (

Immersive learning experiences that recognise and champion diversity must be integrated into the curricular of all healthcare professionals to promote the highest standards of patient care. Meeting this demand with innovative, immersive technology demands collaborative working. This cross-school alliance has produced a learning experience that can work towards reducing health inequalities, promoting independence, and championing inclusive practice.

The experiencing sensory overload project (ESOP) collaborative journey 2019–2022

1. Walbam KM. The relevance of sensory processing disorder to social work practice: An interdisciplinary approach. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. 2014;31(1):61–70.

2. National institute Clinical Excellence. Autism spectrum disorder in adults: diagnosis and management. London: NICE; 2012. 1–42. CG142

3. Bolaños C, Gomez MM, Ramos G, Rios del Rio J. Developmental risk signals as a screening tool for early identification of sensory processing disorders. Occupational therapy international. 2016;23(2):154–164.