bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Evaluation of Quality Improvement Interventions Targeting Elderly Population in Long-term Care: A Scoping Review 
Authors: Khowaja Asif Raza , Krause Christina , Kennedy Colleen , Ridout Ben , Mitton Craig
Published: September 2020

Background: Quality improvement (QI) has received much wider attention in public policy, given the ever-increasing aging population and growing demand of long-term care (LTC). In the policy context, health system planners and administrators need to know the evidence on cost-effectiveness for resource allocation decisions. The objectives of this study were to: identify costs and benefits of the QI strategies in the economic literature; and synthesize the methodological approaches used in the economic studies and reported evidence around the cost-effectiveness of QI strategies in LTC. Methods: A scoping review of three online databases, including PubMed, EconLit, and Google Scholar, was conducted to identify economic studies focusing on elderly population published from September 2010 to August 2020. A combination of search expressions was used to identify the original research articles. Study titles and abstracts were screened, and only full-text articles meeting the inclusion criteria were retained in the review. A standard data extraction template was used capturing patient population, intervention, comparator, the outcome of interest, and study design (PICOS). Results: The search identified 657 records, of which 16 were included in the review. The financial costs were categorized into three groups: (i) developmental, (ii) operational, and (iii) health resource utilization. The terms ‘Quality of life,’ ‘Health-related Quality of Life’, and ‘Quality of Care’ were interchangeably used to express the health outcomes. This study showed mixed results suggesting a substantial variability around cost-effectiveness of QI interventions targeting elderly population in LTC. Almost all studies reported a public payer perspective and a discount rate ranged from 0 to 7%. A poorly defined baseline, the complex nature of the intervention, a lack of appropriate comparator, and varying duration of implementation were key methodological limitations. Conclusions: This review highlights important knowledge gaps regarding societal costs and inconsistencies in reporting of the outcome measures. More research is needed to analyze long-term costs and consequences to better inform decisions on resource allocation in LTC.
Lysophosphatidic Acid-induced EGFR Transactivation Promotes Gastric Cancer DNA Replication Through Up-Regulation of Geminin
Authors: Zhao Haile , Gezi Gezi , Tian Xiaoxia , Jia Peijun , Morigen Morigen , Fan Lifei
Published: September 2020

BackgroundLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is one of the simplest active phospholipid molecules. Binding to its receptors on the cell surface, LPA initiates various intracellular signal cascades, involving in numerous biological processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. If abnormalities occur in the processes of LPA production, receptor expression or signal transduction, it may induce certain diseases and even contribute to the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer. However, whether the initiation of DNA replication is regulated by LPA has not yet been investigated.MethodsFirst, diverse public databases were analyzed to explore the genetic abnormalities affecting geminin. Next, an LPA gradient treatment was performed on gastric cancer cells, followed by detecting geminin expression variation using western blot analysis. Finally, RNAi technology or inhibitors were used to block the biological activity of related factors in the GPCR induced EGFR transactivation signaling pathway to verify whether the effect of LPA evoked gastric cancer DNA replication is dependent on geminin upregulation.ResultsWe found that LPA specifically up-regulated expression of an essential replication negative regulator geminin in early S phase in gastric cancer cell lines, and that the deletion of geminin selectively induced DNA re-replication. Neither of these phenomena has been observed in normal gastric epithelial cells, indicating LPA-induced geminin up-regulation is restricted to tumor cells. Using RNAi or specific inhibitors to block the activity of related factors in the signaling pathway, we found that LPA acts through LPAR3 and downstream coupled MMPs signaling to trans-activate EGFR, increasing the expression level of geminin in S phase. On the other hand, LPA stimulation induced the up-regulation of de-ubiquitinating enzyme 3 (DUB3) in a short time and inhibited the ubiquitination degradation of geminin to enhance geminin stability and positively regulate the DNA replication initiation in gastric cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggested that LPA mediated DNA replication and S-phase cell-cycle progression through a LPAR3/MMPs/EGFR/PI3K/mTOR signaling axis in gastric cancer. ConclusionsOur research is for the first time to study the regulatory effect of LPA-induced EGFR transactivation in DNA replication of tumor cells, and to uncover a novel mechanism for regulating the stability of geminin through LPA and related downstream signaling pathways. All of which will provide potential targets for the development of signaling pathways and tumor cell-specific EGFR transactivation inhibitor for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Extracellular Vesicles From Steatotic Hepatocytes Provoke Pro-Fibrotic Responses in Stellate Cells.
Authors: Koenen M. Teresa , Caspers Tim , Heinzmann Alexandra C.A. , Fischer Petra , Heinrichs Daniel , Brandt Elisa F. , Wirtz Theresa , Trautwein Christian , Koenen Rory , Berres Marie Luise
Published: September 2020

Background and aimsHigh caloric dietary intake is associated with hepatic steatosis and chronic hepatocyte damage leading ultimately to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis with organ failure. Although the pathophysiologic process orchestrating liver fibrosis is not completely clarified, pivotal steps are the activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells. In this study, we aim to assess the direct interplay between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells under normal and steatotic conditions and hypothesize that extracellular vesicles (EV) isolated from hepatocytes can directly manipulate the phenotype of stellate cells.MethodsBy high speed centrifugation, EV were isolated from conditioned media of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2, under baseline conditions (C-EV) or after induction of steatosis by linoleic and oleic acid for 24 hours (FA-EV). Migration of the stellate cell line TWNT4 towards respective EV as well as sera of NASH patients was investigated using Boyden chambers. TWNT4 phenotype alterations after incubation with EV was determined by qPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. ResultsHepG2 cells released more EV after treatment with fatty acids. Chemotactic migration of TWNT4 cells was increased specifically towards FA-EV. Prolonged incubation of TWNT4 cells with FA-EV induce expression of proliferation markers and a myofibroblast-like phenotype. Whereas the expression of the collagen type 1 1 gene did not change after FA-EV-treatment, expression of the myofibroblast markers e.g. -smooth muscle cell actin and TIMP1 were significantly increased. ConclusionWe concluded that EV from steatotic HepG2 cells can influence the behavior and phenotype of TWNT4 cells as well as the expression of remodeling markers and guides directed migration. These findings imply EV as operational, intercellular communicators in the pathophysiology of steatosis associated liver fibrosis.
Chemical profiling of selected Ayurveda formulations recommended for Covid-19  
Authors: T Sulaiman C , M Deepak , R Ramesh P , K Mahesh , M Anandan E , Balachandran Indira
Published: September 2020

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the global health concern since December 2019. It has become a big challenge for the researchers to find a solution for this newly evolved pandemic. In Ayurveda point of view, COVID-19 is a Janapadodhwamsa vikara (epidemic disease), a situation where the environment - air, water, land and seasons - is vitiated, causing a simultaneous manifestation of a disease among large populations. The aim of this study is to identify the active compounds of selected Ayurveda medicines recommended for covid-19.Methods: Chemical profiling of selected Ayurveda medicines such as Indukantham Kwatham (IK), Vilvadi Gulika (VG) and Mukkamukkatuvadi Gulika (MMG) were carried out by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) analysis.Results: The selected preparations are traditionally recommended for the management of various kinds of fever including the infectious ones and to enhance the immunity. HPTLC analysis of the same showed presence of many active molecules like Umbelliferone, Scopoletin, Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, Gallic acid, Piperin, Curcumin, Berberine and Palmatine.Conclusion: The study provided valuable scientific data regarding the active ingredients of the selected medicines with proven therapeutic potentials like anti-viral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities and it will be beneficial to acquire immunity against Coronavirus-2 attack.
Ciclos de discussão de segurança alimentar e nutricional: promovendo a troca de saberes entre sala de aula e a comunidade
Authors: LOPES Sílvia Oliveira , MORAIS Dayane de Castro , MIGUEL Elizangela da Silva , TRIVELLATO Paula Torres , DUTRA Luiza Veloso , PINTO Carina Aparecida , PRIORE Silvia Eloiza
Published: September 2020

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar os resultados e reflexões geradas nos encontros do “Ciclo de Discussão de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional”.  Nestes Ciclos são compartilhadas as construções da disciplina “Determinantes da Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional” difundindo e valorizando trabalhados dos pós-graduandos e docentes em temas relacionados à Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN). A análise dos temas discutidos nos Ciclos, por meio da análise de conteúdo e de similitude, considerou-se as oito diretrizes da Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (PNSAN). Foram realizados oito Ciclos, sendo estes anuais. Todas as discussões basearam-se em diferentes temáticas que permearam o contexto da SAN e contemplaram pelo menos um dos eixos das diretrizes da PNSAN. Conclui-se que ações como estas são importantes para estimular o pensamento crítico para além da sala de aula e propiciar a troca de saberes entre universidade e comunidade, consolidando a tríade ensino, pesquisa e extensão.
Different Aspects of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Cancer Stem Cells, their Niche and Targeted Therapy
Authors: Küçükgüven Meriç Bilgiç , Çelebi-Saltik Betül
Published: September 2020

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is categorized as the sixth most
common cancer worldwide, with an incidence of more than 830,000 cases per year and a mortality
rate of 50%. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and Human Papillomavirus infection are the
prominent risks for HNSCC. Despite significant developments in the treatment of HNSCC, a high
rate of recurrences makes the clinical situation worse and results in poor survival rates. Recent perspectives
demonstrate that although epithelial transformation plays a crucial role in cancer development,
tumor surrounding microenvironment takes part in the progression of cancer as well. Cancer
Stem Cells (CSCs), which harbor unlimited self-renewal capacity, have a crucial role in the growth
of HNSCC and this cell population is responsible for tumor recurrence unless eliminated by targeted
therapy. CSCs are not only a promising target for tumor therapy but also a crucial biomarker to
determine the patients at high risk for undetermined results and disease development, just as the
bone marrow, which is the niche of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, is important for
stem cell maintenance. Similarly, the concept of microenvironment is also important for the maintenance
of CSCs. Apart from the cell-cell interactions, there are many parameters in the cancer microenvironment
that affect the development of cancer, such as extracellular regulation, vascularization,
microbial flora, pH, and oxygenation. The purpose of this review is to introduce HNSCC, explain
the role of CSCs and their microenvironment, and refer to the conventional and novel targeted
therapy for HNSCC and CSCs.
Immuno-Informatics Quest against COVID-19/SARS-COV-2: Determining Putative T-Cell Epitopes for Vaccine Prediction
Authors: Akhtar Nahid , Joshi Amit , Singh Bhupender , Kaushik Vikas
Published: September 2020

Background:

Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused
global public health issues after being reported for the first time in Wuhan province of China. So
far, there have been approximately 14.8 million confirmed cases and 0.614 million deaths due to
the SARS-CoV-2 infection globally, and still, numbers are increasing. Although the virus has
caused a global public health concern, no effective treatment has been developed.

Objective:

One of the strategies to combat the COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is the
development of vaccines that can make humans immune to these infections. Considering this approach,
in this study, an attempt has been made to design epitope-based vaccine for combatting
COVID-19 disease by analyzing the complete proteome of the virus by using immuno-informatics
tools.

Methods:

The protein sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 was retrieved and the individual proteins were
checked for their allergic potential. Then, from non-allergen proteins, antigenic epitopes were identified
that could bind with MHCII molecules. The epitopes were modeled and docked to predict the
interaction with MHCII molecules. The stability of the epitope-MHCII complex was further analyzed
by performing a molecular dynamics simulation study. The selected vaccine candidates were
also analyzed for their global population coverage and conservancy among SARS-related coronavirus
species.

Results:

The study has predicted 5 peptide molecules that can act as potential candidates for epitope-
based vaccine development. Among the 5 selected epitopes, the peptide LRARSVSPK can be
the most potent epitope because of its high geometric shape complementarity score, low ACE and
very high response towards it by the world population (81.81% global population coverage). Further,
molecular dynamic simulation analysis indicated the formation of a stable epitope-MHCII
complex. The epitope LRARSVSPK was also found to be highly conserved among the SARS-CoV-
-2 isolated from different countries.

Conclusion:

The study has predicted T-cell epitopes that can elicit a robust immune response in
the global human population and act as potential vaccine candidates. However, the ability of these
epitopes to act as vaccine candidate needs to be validated in wet lab studies.
PET CT Brain for the Differential Diagnosis of Dementia -Indian Case Reports
Authors: Gupta Aman , Gambhir Aashish
Published: September 2020

India has been termed as Diabetic hub of the globe. Along with other complications, one of the underestimated complication is cognitive decline and memory loss associated with poor diabetes control. In the Indian context, structural imaging like MRI-Magnetic Resonance imaging is more commonly used in Neurological disorders such as stroke, head injury, Functional imaging of the human brain has been underutilized in the Indian scenario. One such technique is PET CT which has been typically used as a cancer biomarker in India. By virtue of current case study, we propose i) association between poor control of Diabetes and poor cognition ii) role of PET CT brain in differential diagnosis of Dementia. We present two case reports providing strong findings for utilization of PET CT brain in Dementia protocols.
Short-Lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing (SUNCT) Status Like Condition: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Authors: Gurumukhani Jayanti K , Patel Dhruvkumar M. , Patel Mukundkumar V. , Patel Maitri M. , Patel Anand V , Patel Suyog Y
Published: September 2020

Background:

SUNCT (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) is rare trigeminal autonomic cephalgia characterized by recurrent, brief, excruciating unilateral, intermittent headache paroxysms over orbital, frontal or temporal region occurring multiple times per day and it can rarely present as “SUNCTstatus like condition” (SSLC).

Case Report:

A 28-year old male with a history of SUNCT headache for 6 months presented with left forehead stabs lasting for 30 seconds with a frequency of 40-45 episodes per hour for three days followed by infective gastroenteritis. His neurological examination was normal, except left-sided ptosis, tearing, and conjunctival injection. His MRI brain with contrast, MR angiography, and laboratory investigations were unremarkable except mild hypokalemia. He was treated with intravenous fluids, potassium replacement, and high dose methylprednisolone along with an escalated dose of carbamazepine.

Review and Conclusion:

We have reviewed the previously reported seven cases and our case of SSLC. Female: Male ratio was 3:1and the mean age was 40.87 years. Three patients responded to high dose steroids and three to lignocaine along with rapid escalation or change of anticonvulsant drugs. One case responded to the high dose of lamotrigine, and in a pregnant lady, the pain subsided only after the termination of the pregnancy. One case was secondary to multiple sclerosis, while the rest of seven were primary episodic SSLC. The condition is highly disabling, and the treatment with steroids or lignocaine, along with the rapid escalation of preventive drugs, can provide long-lasting relief
Oral COVID-19 Disclosing Test: A Novel Rapid Technique in Infection Diagnosis
Authors: Addi Rachid Ait , Benksim Abdelhafid , Cherkaoui Mohamed
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV. Recently, on March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was declared by the WHO as a virus pandemic disease. Nucleic acid real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test has become the standard method for diagnosis of SARS-CoV 2 infection; these real time PCR test kits have many limitations. Antibody tests are expensive and not available, especially in the developing countries. There is an urgent need for an accurate and rapid test method to quickly identify a large number of infected patients and asymptomatic persons, and also which can be available all over the world. We propose a new test technique based on the use of oral gel, mouthwash, or tablets that color the area where the virus is localized in mouth, to diagnose the COVID-19 infection. In fact, our test is composed of specific COVID-19 antibody IgM and IgG coupled to colorful or fluorescent molecules. As of April 2020, the study is waiting to be funded and clinical trials will be prepared to be lunched to get advantage of the technique in order to improve COVID-19 testing.
Potential Mitigation, Prophylactics, and Treatments to Overcome COVID- 19
Authors: Narayanasamy Prabagaran
Published: September 2020

SARS-CoV-2 can naturally grow and spread from bats or rodents. There are different ways to
protect oneself from such viruses. Firstly, a thorough diagnosis by different methods of testing, isolating
the infected, and phased interaction with people are advanced, societal-level mitigative efforts that could
be implemented. Another method of protection is to eat healthy food. Spices contain flavonoids, acetaminophen,
and pseudoephedrine; these ingredients are natural and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
agents and cause no harm. Meat that is mildly spiced, and eggs are also good to boost the immune system.
Thirdly, herd immunity is a way to protect people from the virus. Around 50,000 infections in a
250-mile radius could help to develop herd immunity, but this is only a prediction. One should visit his
physician if he has a high temperature or cough. SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, is a new viral
strain containing genetic sequences from HIV and malaria in addition to the SARS virus. COVID-19
also targets the ACE2 receptor, which is present in the lungs, heart, and kidneys. Remdesivir seems to
be lowering the viral growth in some clinical studies, and in some conditions, it is still understudied and
ineffective to eradicate the virus. Recent reports predicted that around 15 COVID-19 mutants have
arisen in the last 5 months. The new mutants could be more active or less active, or even drug-resistant.
And lastly, new vaccines or drugs must be discovered or invented in BSL3 labs. COVID-19 can be
overcome by following mitigation, prophylaxis, and treatment.
Withdrawal Notice: Global Comprehensive Outlook of Hantavirus Contagion on Humans: A Review
Authors: Ashique Sumel , Sandhu Navjot K , Das Supratim , Haque Sk. Niyamul , Koley Kartick
Published: September 2020

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the author and editor of the journal Coronaviruses.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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El final de "Los Pazos de Ulloa", en la novela de Emilia Pardo Bazán (1886) y en la serie de televisión de Gonzalo Suárez (1985)
Authors: González Herrán José Manuel
Published: September 2020

a historia que cuenta la novela Los Pazos de Ulloa (1886), de Emilia Pardo Bazán concluye aparentemente en su capítulo XXIX, penúltimo, de modo que el XXX, situado diez años después, funciona como un epílogo, que -a la vez- prologaría su continuación, La Madre Naturaleza (1887). En cambio, la serie de TVE Los Pazos de Ulloa, de Gonzalo Suárez (1985), basada en ambas novelas, prefiere concluir su adaptación del primer título con el capítulo XXIX, haciendo que el XXX abra, como prólogo, la siguiente entrega. Todo ello se estudia aquí mediante el cotejo de los tres elementos de esa lectura audiovisual: el texto novelístico, y las secuencias correspondientes, tanto en el guion, como en la serie.
Machado de Assis em minissérie
Authors: Betella Gabriela Kvacek
Published: September 2020

Particularidades estéticas do romance Dom Casmurro e da minissérie Capitu revelam a capacidade de discursos literário e audiovisual de representar singularidades da vida social brasileira do passado, bem como apontam problemas existenciais do representante de classe que conduz o enredo, provocando reflexões no presente. O tratamento oferecido à luta de classes pela narrativa de Machado de Assis e pela transcriação, assim como o modo através do qual o drama existencial é exposto, promovem um tipo de recepção entre leitores/espectadores capazes de rever o passado histórico em tempos que pedem tal revisão, ainda que a série televisiva aposte forçosamente no anticonvencional das imagens bem tratadas e da narrativa não linear. Machado apresentou a tensão entre representação e verdade (bem como entre produção de emoção e de reflexão) com a transfiguração do pathos de tragédia e a mobilização da figura patriarcal para o viés melodramático. Embora acrescidas de uma ironia orquestrada pelos elementos cênicos na versão audiovisual, tais soluções machadianas tenderiam a perder a força de desmascaramento dos sujeitos sociais, contudo a intensificação do melodrama pode evidenciar o que Machado disfarçou com intenções narrativas menos óbvias.
Amaranto: distribución y diversidad morfológica del recurso genético en partes de la región Maya (sureste de México, Guatemala y Honduras)
Authors: Aguilera-Cauich Erick A. , Solís-Fernández Karen Z. , Ibarra-Morales Ariadna , Cifuentes-Velásquez Rolando , Sánchez-del Pino Ivonne
Published: September 2020

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El amaranto es de interés mundial por su valor nutricional como verdura y grano. Las especies cultivadas de mayor importancia comercial por su producción de grano son Amaranthus caudatus, A. cruentus y A. hypochondriacus. Dos hipótesis aceptadas sobre el origen de A. cruentus consideran a A. hybridus como su ancestro. Los objetivos del presente estudio son 1) reportar la distribución actualizada y frecuencia de A. cruentus y A. hybridus en el sureste de México, Guatemala y Honduras y 2) evaluar su diversidad morfológica mediante caracteres florales y del fruto de ambas especies en México y Guatemala.Métodos: La información proveniente de 147 ejemplares de herbario fue empleada para actualizar la distribución y frecuencia de A. cruentus y A. hybridus en la zona de estudio, posible área de domesticación. La diversidad a nivel morfológico se determinó del análisis de 22 caracteres relacionados a estructuras de flores pistiladas y del fruto, usando un análisis multivariado de componentes principales y evaluando para ello 15 ejemplares de A. cruentus y 31 de A. hybridus procedentes de Guatemala y el sureste de México.Resultados clave: La mayor distribución de A. cruentus se presentó en Guatemala y, en el caso de A. hybridus en México. La variación acumulada en los tres primeros componentes principales fue de 58% para ambas especies. La variación morfológica para las dos especies se asoció principalmente con caracteres relacionados a los sépalos internos y externos. El gráfico del análisis de componentes principales permite observar una amplia variación morfológica en A. cruentus y A. hybridus, independiente de su distribución geográfica en ambos casos.Conclusiones: La distribución geográfica de A. cruentus en México es más amplia con respecto a reportes previos. Se describe la diversidad morfológica de estructuras de flores pistiladas y frutos en A. cruentus y A. hybridus.
Follow-Up of Cancer Patients Receiving Anti-PD-(L)1 Therapy Using an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes Tool (KISS): Prospective Feasibility Cohort Study
Authors: Iivanainen Sanna , Alanko Tuomo , Vihinen Pia , Konkola Teemu , Ekstrom Jussi , Virtanen Henri , Koivunen Jussi
Published: September 2020

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a standard of care for various tumor types. Their unique spectrum of side effects demands continuous and long-lasting assessment of symptoms. Electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) follow-up has been shown to improve survival and quality of life of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate whether ePRO follow-up of cancer patients treated with ICIs is feasible. The study analyzed (1) the variety of patient reported symptoms, (2) etiology of alerts, (3) symptom correlations, and (4) patient compliance.

Methods

In this prospective, one-arm, multi-institutional study, we recruited adult cancer patients whose advanced cancer was treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD)- ligand (L)1 agents in outpatient settings. The ePRO tool consisted of a weekly questionnaire evaluating the presence of typical side effects, with an algorithm assessing the severity of the symptom according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and an urgency algorithm sending alerts to the care team. A patient experience survey was conducted monthly. The patients were followed up to 6 months or until disease progression.

Results

A total of 889 symptom questionnaires was completed by 37 patients (lung cancer, n=15; melanoma, n=9; genitourinary cancer, n=9; head and neck cancer, n=4). Patients showed good adherence to ePRO follow-up. The most common grade 1 symptoms were fatigue (28%) and itching (13%), grade 2 symptoms were loss of appetite (12%) and nausea (12%), and grade 3-4 symptoms were cough (6%) and loss of appetite (4%). The most common reasons for alerts were loss of appetite and shortness of breath. In the treatment benefit analysis, positive correlations were seen between clinical benefit and itching as well as progressive disease and chest pain.

Conclusions

According to the results, ePRO follow-up of cancer patients receiving ICIs is feasible. ePROs capture a wide range of symptoms. Some symptoms correlate to treatment benefit, suggesting that individual prediction models could be generated.

Trial Registration

Clinical Trials Register, NCT3928938; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03928938
Controlling the Sense of Embodiment for Virtual Avatar Applications: Methods and Empirical Study
Authors: Kim Chang-Seop , Jung Myeongul , Kim So-Yeon , Kim Kwanguk
Published: September 2020

Background

The sense of embodiment (SoE) is the feeling of one’s own body, and research on the SoE extends from the rubber hand illusion to the full-body ownership illusion with a virtual avatar.

Objective

The key to utilizing a virtual avatar is understanding and controlling the SoE, and it can be extended to several medical applications. In this study, we aimed to clarify these aspects by considering the following three subcomponents of SoE: sense of agency, ownership, and self-location.

Methods

We defined a human avatar (HA), point light avatar (PLA), and out-of-body point light avatar (OBPLA) and compared them in three user studies. In study 1, 28 participants were recruited and the three avatar conditions (HA, PLA, and OBPLA) were compared. In study 2, 29 new participants were recruited, and there were two avatar conditions (HA ad PLA) and two motion synchrony conditions (synchrony and asynchrony). In study 3, 29 other participants were recruited, and there were two avatar conditions (PLA and OBPLA) and two motion synchrony conditions (synchrony and asynchrony). Dependent measures included sense of agency, ownership, and self-location; emotional response; presence; and simulator sickness.

Results

The findings of study 1 showed that the three avatar generation methodologies can control the sense of ownership and self-location in a stepwise manner while maintaining a high sense of agency. In studies 2 and 3, we found dependencies among the three subcomponents of SoE and observed that they affected users’ subjective experiences.

Conclusions

Our findings may have implications for boosting the effects of virtual avatar applications in medical areas, by understanding and controlling the SoE with a full-body illusion.
Nasionalisme dan Gagasan Kebangsaan Indonesia Awal: Pemikiran Soewardi Suryaningrat, Tjiptomangoenkusumo dan Douwes Dekker 1912-1914
Authors: Utama Wildan Sena
Published: September 2020

Artikel ini membahas mengenai nasionalisme dan gagasan kebangsaan Indonesia awal yang dicetuskan oleh tiga serangkai Soewardi Suryaningrat, Tjiptomangoenkusumo dan Douwes Dekker yang tergabung dalam Indische Partij. Meskipun usia partai ini sebentar, tapi gagasan yang disebarkan trio IP ini memberikan pondasi dasar terhadap gagasan Indonesia. Gagasan mereka tentang bangsa pada masanya telah melampaui pemikiran politik zaman itu. Pemakaian istilah “Indonesia” adalah kata yang dipopulerkan pertama kali secara politik oleh pemikir dalam kelompok ini pada saat pembuangan di Belanda. Gagasan ketiga pemikir ini memberikan suatu jalan terhadap kemunculan konsepsi kebangsaan Indonesia yang lebih modern pada tahun 1920an.
Masa-Depan Cerah, Bahaya Menunggu: Negara-Bangsa Baru dan Kekerasan Massal di Asia Tenggara
Authors: Nordholt Henk Schulte
Published: September 2020

In this article the impact of the Cold War in Southeast Asia is evaluated. The region was turned into the hottest battlefields of this conflict which costed the lives of about seven million people. The Cold War also terminated fragile attempts to turn newly independent nation-states into democracies. Instead every country in Southeast Asia experienced authoritarian rule by either capitalist of socialist regimes. In the capitalist countries middle classes emerged which profited from economic growth under authoritarian rule. Since democracy was associated with instability and mass violence and economic growth with authoritarian rule, middle classes were very late in supporting new attempts to democratize their political systems.
Dinamika Hubungan Muslim-Kristen di Surakarta, 1999-2000
Authors: Fahrizal Adif
Published: September 2020

This article describes the dynamics of Muslim-Christian relations in Surakarta during democratic transition era after New Order demise. This article uses history method consists of heuristic, critics, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the research it is known that the dynamics of Muslim-Christian relations during initial years of Reform era (1999-2000) was shaped by solidarity actions for communal conflict in Maluku and “blasphemy” case that ended in the court. In both cases the role of groups that carried religious identities have prominent role. Such groups emerged after the fall of New Order which repressed all kind of expressions and groups that was considered disrupt harmony by using primordial sentiments, including religious sentiment.
Nasionalisasi Garuda Indonesia, 1950—1958
Authors: Wicaksono Dwi Adi
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the efforts of the decolonization of civil aviation by the Government of Indonesia from 1950 to 1958 through the nationalization of Garuda Indonesia joint venture airlines. The discussion of this article focuses on the explanation of the process of nationalization and its impact on the developmentof the airline. During this period, the nationalization efforts against Garuda Indonesia Airlines tended to be heavily influenced by the political policies of the two ruling Cabinet, that is Masyumi and PNI. This shows a great political tendency to the nationalization agenda of the civil aviation company. The nationalization ofGaruda Indonesia tends to exhibit a complex set of processes, because in addition to the transfer of government share ownership, the takeover of this company also requires a long process to get the human resources ready to operate the airline as a whole. At this stage, Indonesianization is of the utmost importance in the nationalization process of Garuda Indonesia.
Bandung dan Pemaknaan Dago dalam Sejarah: Masa Lalu, Masa Kini
Authors: Prasetyo Frans Ari
Published: September 2020

This article explores the history of Bandung, in particular the Dago street area, as a history of place. It looks into how Bandung include Dago has been defined, its etymology and the way in which the people that inhabit the place use and place meaning to these urban spaces. The article argues that civic meaning is rooted in the historic creation of place. It also looks into civic design and civic reform going through different governmentality from the colonial up into the present period to see how much the meaning of place is both historical but also politic and strategic to the present needs of the people that inhabit it.
Pelaksanaan Opiumpacht: Monopoli Perdagangan Opium Melalui Perantara Bandar di Keresidenan Kediri, 1833-1900
Authors: Fathoni Ahmad , Husain Sarkawi B.
Published: September 2020

The opium trade in Kediri Residency was monopolized by Dutch East Indies government. The problem discussed in this study regarding opium trade monopoly at Kediri Residency through bookie intermediary (opiumpachter) in 1833-1900. The methods used in this research is historical methods which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The result showed that the opium trade monopoly through bookie intermediary (opiumpachter) in Kediri Residency included auction and distribution processions also the sale of raw opium to opium dealers. Generally, the opium trade in Kediri Residency was controlled by Chinese. They become intermediary traders who sell government opium to people in Kediri Residency. The high tax offer at opium auction in Kediri Residency gave high profits to the country. On the contrary, that puts a great deal of pressure on the opium port. The crisis which occurred at the end of the 19th century, caused a setback in the opium trade monopoly through bookie intermediary (opiumpachter) in Kediri Residency.
The Beginning of Agoral Gatherings in Poland and Their Macro-Systemic Political and Economic Consequences: Events of Lublin July 1980
Authors: Biela Adam
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is a psychological-historical analysis of the sequence of events in recent Polish history, in which Lublin July 1980 played a key role as a mental bridge between the first visit-pilgrimage of Pope John Paul II to Poland 2-9 June 1979, and the strikes of “Solidarity”, which began in August 1980 and culminated in the signing of strike agreements with the authorities of the People’s Republic of Poland in Gda?sk, Szczecin and Jastrz?bie Zdrój. We have shown that the behaviour of the participants of the strikes in state enterprises in the Lublin region allows for their qualification as agoral gatherings, with their moral and cultural patterns rooted in the phenomena of psychosocial meetings between Poles and Pope John Paul II. We have shown that the events in Lublin have become a field for the psychosocial exploration of democratic behaviours in striking factories—in the face of the power of the totalitarian system in the People’s Republic of Poland. In this way, Lublin July 1980 became a link for social learning based on moral, patriotic and religious values—which led to “Solidarity” strikes all over Poland. These strikes were another link in the process of realization of self-determination of the Polish people as a sovereign state. The power of agoral processes created by the “Solidarity” movement in August 1980 did not manage to stifle any repressive tactics and strategies of the authorities of the totalitarian system, including the horrors of martial law in Poland. The movement applied the principle of non-violence to overcome totalitarian violence, which collapsed like a proverbial “house of cards,” first in Poland, and then throughout Central and Eastern Europe. It led to peaceful change in the psychosocial, political and macroeconomic situation of countries such as Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, the GDR, Romania, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Russia and Albania.
The Path Suggestions on the Construction of Shanghai International Financial Center
Authors: Song Sicong
Published: September 2020

Given the comparison between Shanghai international financial center with other world-renowned ones from three dimensions in financial products, financial markets, and financial environments, the paper proposes customizing financial futures to serve the real economy and attract international investors, establishing a research center by national-level guidance for enterprises’ financial instruments demand and application; promoting joint construction of financial centers and technological innovation centers respectively.
Infecciones de transmisión sexual en mujeres en situación de privación de la libertad de un establecimiento penitenciario en Mérida, Venezuela
Authors: Cañarte Alcivar Jorge , Moreano Zambrano Melina , Guerrero Madroñero Mónica , Giler Zambrano Miguel , Callejas Monsalve Diana , Contreras Colmenares Mike Telémaco , Téllez Gil Luis Eduardo
Published: September 2020

Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y conductas sexualesde riesgo, son prevalentes en mujeres encarceladas. Este estudio mostróque las ITS fueron más frecuentes en mujeres reclusas (66,6 %) que en mujeresen libertad (p ≤ 0,001). Solo el grupo de encarceladas presentó combinacionesde ITS (39%) (p≤0,019), siendo significativas las infecciones por VPH (p≤0,007) y Chlamydia trachomatis (p≤ 0,003) con otros agentes causales. VPHy Chlamydia trachomatis fueron más frecuentes en reclusas (35,7%), mientrasque las mujeres libres presentaron 9,5% (p≤0,004) y 7,1% respectivamente(p≤0,001). Las reclusas presentaron combinaciones de diferentes genotiposde VPH (p≤0,011). Las infecciones por Treponema pallidum ocurrieron en 7,1% en reclusas y estuvieron ausentes en las libres. El virus de la hepatitis B, estuvopresente en un 9,5% de reclusas y ausente en mujeres libres (p≤0,040). Losmarcadores para hepatitis C y el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH)fueron negativos en ambos grupos; los virus herpes simplex tipo 1 y 2 (VHS) seencontraron en 9,5 % de las reclusas y en 7,1 % de mujeres libres. El consumo de tabaco, alcohol y el uso de otras drogas, mostró una frecuencia de 100%,89,3% y 78,6% respectivamente en mujeres reclusas y un 40%, 30% y 10% en laslibres (p≤0,001). El número de parejas sexuales en relación a la presencia deITS entre ambos grupos, mostró significancia para un número de dos o más parejas(p<0,006). Se observó una elevada prevalencia de ITS únicas o mixtas enmujeres reclusas, así como factores asociados a conductas sexuales de riesgo.
Wilkie’s syndrome. Analysis of 150 cases of the Iberian and Ibero-American medical literature
Authors: Trejo Scorza Ezequiel , Colina Cedeño Oscar Luis , Brito Arreaza Edgar José , Trejo Scorza Carlos José
Published: September 2020

Willkie’s syndrome or superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of gastrointestinal obstruction, due to exterior compression of the horizontal part of the duodenum by the SMA. For the study of the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of Wilkie’s syndrome in the Iberian and Ibero-American population, we compiled the reports of 150 cases by Iberican and Ibero-American authors, and we found a predominance of cases in females over males in a ratio of 2.57: 1. Fifty percent of the cases were in patients under 20-years of age, with the highest number of cases in schoolchildren and adolescents. The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss. The disease had two forms of presentation: acute with signs of high intestinal obstruction (16.47%), and chronic (83.53%). Diagnostic radiographic studies showed in of the upper gastrointestinal tract narrowing of the horizontal portion of the duodenum and delay in the transit of contrast through the gastroduodenal region, with or without gastroduodenal dilation in 85% of cases. In computed tomographic studies it was observed decreased mesenteric-aortic angle and distance. Upper endoscopic studies showed narrowing of the horizontal part of the duodenum, with or without gastroduodenal dilation in 61.90% of cases. Of the 144 patients that received treatment, 94 cases received medical treatment, with a success rate of 62.77%; and 84 cases required surgical treatment, 59.52% of these, upon admission. The most practiced surgical procedure was laterolateral duodenojejunostomy in 70.24% of cases. We concluded that Wilkie’s syndrome is an entity that results from the reduction of the mesenteric-aortic angle and distance, with two forms of presentation: acute and chronic, that required surgical treatment in 58.33% of cases.
Inflamasoma, piroptosis y su posible relación con la fisiopatología de la COVID-19
Authors: Pedreáñez Adriana , Mosquera Jesús , Muñoz Nelson
Published: September 2020

SARS-CoV-2 es el agente causal de la pandemia actual de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Al igual que otros coronavirus respiratorios, el SARS-CoV-2 se transmite principalmente a través de gotitas respiratorias liberadas de una persona infectada. La fisiopatología de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 es semejante a la de la infección por SARS-CoV, con respuestas inflamatorias agresivas lo que genera fuertes daños a las vías respiratorias. En esta revisión abordamos la importancia de la respuesta inmunitaria innata en la fisiopatología de la COVID-19, con especial énfasis en la activación del inflamasoma y la consecuente muerte celular por piroptosis, dos elementos esenciales que podrían explicar la exacerbada respuesta inflamatoria que se observa en algunos pacientes.
The Effect of "Quantum Learning" Model Using "Mind Mapping" Technique to Eight Grade Students’ Creative Thinking Ability
Authors: Eriyanto Erik , Inganah Siti , Utomo Dwi Priyo
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine how the effect of the Quantum Learning model using Mind Mapping techniques to students' creative thinking abilities. The type of research used is experiment and quantitative approach with research design using posttest only group design. Data analysis of two groups used the t-test on SPSS 21, that is Independent Sample t-Test to test the difference in average posttest value of two samples.The results of this study are (1) results of the t-test  from post-test data obtain a significance 0,000 where it is lower than 0.05 so can be said that the average of the two groups are different, (2) from the post-test results, the answers given by students from the experimental group more fulfilled the indicators of creative thinking than students from the control group.
The Effectiveness of Implementation Warmer Apperception to Construct the Conceptual Understanding on the Learning Material of Vector
Authors: Rohmah Riska Nur , Utomo Dwi Priyo , Zukhrufurrohmah Zukhrufurrohmah
Published: September 2020

One of the learning stages is apperception. Warmer apperception is an activity that conducted to make the students’ knowledge to be stored in long-term memory. This research aimed at: 1) describing the learning implementation using Warmer apperception to construct a conceptual understanding in the vector material, 2) determining the effectiveness of the implementation of Warmer apperception to construct a conceptual understanding in the vector material. The effectiveness of learning using Warmer apperception could be seen from: 1) the observation of learning implementation using Warmer apperception that indicated a minimum of the sufficient category; 2) the students’ response questionnaire indicated a minimum of positive response category; and 3) the test results of students’ conceptual understanding indicated a minimum of quite a good category. The subjects of this research were the students of 10th grade of Mathematics and Natural Science (MIA) at Senior High School (SMA) of Muhammadiyah 3 Batu, in which it consisted of 21 students. Based on the research conducted, it was obtained that the observation results of learning implementation using Warmer apperception got a very good category, the questionnaire results obtained a positive response category, and the test results of students’ conceptual understanding got a quite good category. Thus, the implementation of Warmer apperception to construct a conceptual understanding of the vector material is effective..
An Analysis of Students' Errors to Find the Result Reflection in Coordinate Plane Based On in the Newman Error Analysis Nints-Grade Students of Junior High School 2 Sampit
Authors: Sari Ayu Amelia , Utomo Dwi Priyo , Zukhrufururrohmah Zukhrufururrohmah
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to determine the types and the causes of students' errors in finding the results of reflection in the field of coordinates based on the Newman problem-solving. This research used descriptive research with a quantitative approach.  The data collection techniques were written test and a structured interview with the research subjects were Nints-grade students of Junior High School 2 Sampit.  Based on the results of the data analysis, there were errors made by students, namely: (1) there were no mistakes in the problem of reading stage, (2) students were not able to write down the known and asked even though students understood the questions presented in the stage of understanding the problem, (3) did not change the questions into a coordinate field in the stage of transformation problem, (4) misplaced of the result reflection and miscalculating the result of reflection on the process skill stage, (5) did not writing down the answers or conclusions in the writing answers stage.