bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Philosopher who has not Learned Wisdom
Authors: Sharonov Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the state of scientific research of the life, activity and legacy of V.E. Seseman, a Russian, Lithuanian, Soviet philosopher, one of the participants of the Eurasian movement. His fate turned out to be closely connected with one of the main ideologists of Eurasianism, L.P. Karsavin, a Medieval scholar and philosopher. The weak holistic elaboration of Sesemans legacy and life is due to a combination of reasons, primarily the lack of Russian translations of his main works written in German and Lithuanian. Another important reason is the low interest of researchers in archival sources containing important information about the biographies of Seseman and Karsavin. Previously unknown historical documents are actively used in the article. They recreate the dramatic tension of the 1920s–1950s, reveal important circumstances in the tragic fractures of the destinies of two Russian philosophers. Contrary to the established opinion, the author considers that the main real reason for the criminal prosecution of Seseman is not participation in Eurasianism, but a principled philosophical position, including expressed in open objections to the imposition of the supremacy of the principle of partisanship in the teaching of logic and against the reformatting of this science into an ideological discipline. theoretical development. Another reason for the arrests was the extreme carelessness of these university professors in informal relationships with others, many of whom were secret agents. The author of the article points out a striking gap between the high theoretical qualifications of two armchair scientists and their naive short-sightedness in practical behavior. The unreasonable credulity shown in real life by two thinkers translates the topic into the register of ethics and leads to questions about the personal responsibility of each of these theorists for the tragedy of not only their lives, but also the lives of loved ones.
Art without an Artist: On the Question of the Criteria of Contemporary Art
Authors: Chubarov Igor M. , Samokhvalova Elina V.
Published: November 2024

The article raises the question of the authorship of works of contemporary art, the institutional nature and socio-economic conditions of its production, as well as the spatial and media-aesthetic mediations of its perception. The main research problem is formulated at the intersection of two questions: is everything that artists produce may be considered art? And: are artists the only authors of the works they signed? The problem is the appearance of a commodity form for works of contemporary art, which does not interfere with them, but, on the contrary, becomes a condition for their social and cultural legitimation, recognition in the context of the history of world art, i.e. museumification. In addition, the article discusses: The ontological status of art objects produced by contemporary artists or, more precisely, by the entire industry and contemporary art market; a specific way of their impact on a person, which, as a purely aesthetic, is abstracted from other channels of sensory and existential experience; and: The integral artistic experience of being-with-art or in-art of spectators and artists, its structure and essence. The methodological approach to the phenomenon of contemporary art developed in the article simultaneously criticizes the positions of aesthetic nominalism and realism, relying on the vocabulary and tools of the theory of art by Walter Benjamin and Russian constructivism. As an alternative to the currently dominant criteria for evaluating works of contemporary art (for example, by T. de Duve), the authors propose an original theory of the Russian left avant-garde with the central concepts of the artistic “thing-comrade” and the collective author-producer.
F.M. Dostoevsky: About the Gap between Life and Consciousness
Authors: Rostova Natalia N.
Published: November 2024

The article provides a philosophical analysis of F.M. Dostoevsky’s late novel “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man”. In contrast to the approach common in scientific literature, in which researchers try to interpret the writer’s work by inscribing his reflections in various traditions, the author of the article aims to analyze the philosophical problem of the relationship between life and consciousness posed by Dostoevsky. The personification of Dostoevsky’s solution to this problem is the antagonists “underground man” and “ridiculous man”. If for an “underground person” consciousness is higher than life and opposes it, then for a “ridiculous person” life is higher than consciousness, and happiness is higher than knowledge of the laws of happiness. The author reveals the semantic structure of the story, according to which the hero from the idea that his consciousness is, but there is no world, comes to the opposite conclusion: the world is, but there is no consciousness. The article consistently explores such questions as: what does it mean to be funny? What is the source of feeling and conscience? How do dreams and reality relate? Why does Dostoevsky talk about the hero’s God-fighting, without talking about God? How do the planetary paradise and consciousness, as well as consciousness and suffering, relate? Answering these questions, the author shows the contradictions contained in the story, and comes to the conclusion that the reason for them is Dostoevsky’s connection of two pictures of the world. According to the first, a human is a planetary being and self-sufficient in his nature. According to the second, a human is burdened with an inner world, which can only be settled by an inner law, which Dostoevsky formulates as a commandment of love.
Apophatic Turn in Anthropology: the Experience of Russian Philosophy
Authors: Varava Vladimir V.
Published: November 2024

The article notes that after the relatively short “death of human,” there is a noticeable increase in research attention to anthropological issues. With all the variety of different approaches, ideas, concepts, the common thing is the interest in the “inner human”, the “secret of human”, in his innermost spiritual layers. This traditional interest in philosophy today is gaining a new birth, connected, on the one hand, with the need to overcome the anthropological crisis, and on the other, with a deeper development of the heritage of Russian philosophical culture. Modern researchers in the field of philosophical anthropology often use the term “apophatics” in relation to this process. A distinction is made between the theological and strictly philosophical uses of apophatic terminology. It is shown how the tradition of apophatic anthropology is formed in Russian philosophy, which is based around the idea of F.M. Dostoevsky about human as a mystery. This idea has been adopted by many authors. Using the example of some constructions by N.N. Strakhov, V.I. Nesmelov, B.P. Vysheslavtsev, N.A. Berdyaev, V.V. Zenkovsky, L. Shestov, V.V. Rozanov, it is being demonstrated how apophatic anthropology is transformed into moral anthropodicy, which can be called a typological characteristic of Russian philosophy. Particular attention is paid to the anthropology of the “hidden human” of Andrei Platonov, in whose work there is a radicalization of the apophatic nature of human from the “silent mystery of being” to the irresponsibility of the question about the meaning of life. It is concluded that apophatic anthropology makes possible the elusive connection between ethics and metaphysics in Russian philosophy, thereby setting a new research perspective.
Ecological Subjectivity in the Philosophy of Posthumanism
Authors: Mednikova Anna A.
Published: November 2024

The changes in perceptions of subjectivity in posthumanism are analyzed. Considering the differences between a “strong” and a “weak” subject, the author shows that environmental subjectivity in posthumanism implements the project of a weak philosophy. The question of subjectivity in this case is determined not in connection with consciousness, but in connection with the transformation of corporeality. Posthumanism suggests the transformation of a person through hybridization, that is, various manipulations of the body (for example, by adding plant and animal genes to a person). The attitude towards oneself is understood here as a mirror peering into one’s otherness, which is now connected not with the figure of other, but with an animal. The basic opposition of “man-animal” is called into question, since qualitative differences between man and animal disappear. It is shown that the rationale of this posthumanistic idea is based on Aristotle and postmodern philosophy. Similarly, posthumanism redefines the boundary between man and technology, opening up wide opportunities for human modification and transformation into a cyborg. The essence of the philosophical foundations of this position is revealed and it is concluded that procedural philosophy allows not only to eliminate the differences between man and nature, but also to identify the artificial and the natural. Thus, subjectivity is understood as belonging to existence, and a more environmentally friendly subjectivity of a person means the need to incorporate other beings into his world. Eco-friendly subjectivity in this case boils down to ecological physicality, that is, to an attempt to concentrate different entities in the body.
Ethics of Organ Donation and the Problem of the Sacred
Authors: Lavrentyeva Sofya V.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to analyze the interaction between relatives of potential donors and transplant professionals within the framework of a cultural sociological approach in order to develop valid bioethical recommendations. The key thesis of this article is the assertion that principalist ethical conflicts regarding the problems of organ donation, as well as the tools of narrative ethics, are not sufficient to reveal the motivation of agents. As part of the search for the origins of this, it is proposed to reconstruct the situation of moral choice of family members within the framework of E. Durkheim’s theory of the sacred. The concept of the sacred is revealed with the orientation on the given by P. Smith and D. Alexander. The concept of sacred is revealed with the orientation on the autonomous role of culture given by F. Smith and D. Alexander, oriented to the study of the emotional dimension of social life and the study of cultural structures as a social text. Based on the analysis of the category of the sacred in the context of social circumstances of organ donation in Spain, it is shown that the successful experience of the latter in the field of transplantology is connected with the desacralization of the body undertaken by the Catholic Church in Spain and the subsequent sacralization of the gift of life. The analysis of the narratives of donor relatives and medical professionals shows that the driving force behind the relatives’ motivation is often the sacralization of the deceased’s will, which implies the possibility of a posthumous gift and reinforces the solidarity of the deceased with the society experiencing a shortage of donor organs. Obstacles to successful transplantation are perceived by donor relatives as a possible desecration of the gift of a loved one’s life. Thus, on the way to creating valid bioethical recommendations for interacting with relatives of potential donors, it is recommended to focus on the study of pre-individual cultural and social constructs of the sacred that relate to situations of donation and death. In this case, the sacred is considered as an important constant of social life, not necessarily related directly to religion.
Dynamics of Close Relationships in Psychology and Cultural Discourse
Authors: Nartova-Bochaver Sofya K. , Boronina Anastasiia A. , Khodakovskaya Emilia N.
Published: November 2024

The paper is devoted to the conceptualization of the close relationships phenomenon and generalization of ideas about their development throughout the life span. Based on different theoretical approaches, the following six fundamental qualities of close relationships are highlighted: the direction of resource transfer (invest/acquire), remoteness/closeness, passion/reasonableness, responsibility/carelessness, authenticity (sincerity)/pretense, taking the perspective of a partner/egocentrism. In an empirical study (196 Russian-speaking young adults aged 18 to 30 years) using open-ended questions, these qualities were verified. As for the development of close relationships throughout life, it seems heuristic to link the rotation of close people with the content of the crises experienced by a person and the development tasks solved by them. Although the most frequent mechanism of moving away from some people and getting closer to others is separation, it seems that a person rather carries out interpersonal re-centering, changing the subjective significance of different people who do not disappear from the communication but the interaction loses some of the qualities listed above. To date, recentering has been studied in the period of transition from adolescence to adulthood. However, we assume that this is a universal mechanism of rotation of significant others throughout life. The recentering can be reverse when, after a break in the relationship, people again get closer to the reference persons from the past but the pattern of intimacy may be different from the one that was before. This assumption is illustrated by examples from consulting practice and fiction. It is concluded that there are no systematic evidence-based studies of the development of close relationships throughout the life span, which necessitates the justification and conduct of such a study.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ОСНОВНИХ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ НА ПРИКЛАДІ РОБОМОБІЛЯ «JUNIOR»
Authors: СПОРИЙ Олександр , МАЙДАН Павло , МАКАРИШКІН Денис , СОКОЛАН Юлія
Published: November 2024

Загально відомо, що використання симуляторів допомагає здешевити та прискорити розробку робото-технічних систем, є безпечнішим інструментом первинної верифікації ідей та алгоритмів, а також надасть можливість виконувати тестування нових концепції та алгоритмів, незалежно від наявності необхідного обладнання у наукової групи. Моделювання може бути використане для всіх типів робототехнічних систем та завдань на початкових етапах розвитку проєкту.
Моделювання робомобілю було проведене в середовищі ROS Gazebo. Підхід до моделювання був наступний: врахування фізичних характеристик робомобілю, врахування давачів та характеристик, використання CAD-моделей робомобілю для моделювання. При створенні моделі використовувалися середовища для програмування: ROS, Gazebo. Для того, щоб модель візуально відповідала реальному робомобілю, були використані частини для даних елементів та деяких давачів, САПР-модель є у відкритому доступі. Усі зчленування моделі були задані у пропорціях, що відповідають пропорціям та розмірам реального робомобілю. Щоб адаптувати інерційні характеристики робомобілю до моделі, було розраховано спрощений інерційний тензор на зчленування.
В роботі виконано моделювання роботи робомобіля для переміщення виробів, а саме на прикладі робомобіля «Junior» фірми AURORA, створена модель відповідає реальним розмірам, його габаритним характеристикам, наявності встановлених давачів. Необхідність розробки базового програмного забезпечення полягає в тому, що компанія-виробник надає мінімальний набір ROS-пакетів, які дають змогу лише отримувати дані із давачів і посилати команди на електродвигуни робомобіля.
ECOLOGICAL DA’WAH STRATEGIES IN PROMOTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN AMBON CITY
Authors: Hakis Hakis , Masri Abdul Rasyid , Tike Arifuddin , Said Nurhidayat Muhammad , Muliyadi Irvan , Bin Kamarzaman Mohd Haidar
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research is to provide an alternative solution for ecological-based Daâ€™wah in the efforts to protect the environmental destruction in the city of Ambon. Ambon is a region surrounded by hills that are prone to disasters such as landslides and floods. Ecological-based daâ€™wah is considered an alternative solution to instill environmental values in the community for environmental conservation.

This research is a qualitative descriptive type supported by quantitative data by using phenomenological approach. This research locates in the city of Ambon. Observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and Delphi technique are used to collect the data related to the research questions. The data then are analyzed by using the following phases: Â data reduction, data presentation, interpretation, and drawing conclusions.

The study identified at least five alternative solutions for ecological daâ€™wah in environmental conservation efforts in Ambon, namely: implementation of "dakwah bil hal" (preaching by action), maximizing the use of media, changing preaching strategies, applying conservation concepts, and enforcing environmental laws. Among these solutions, it is found that the most effective alternative solution is the maximal use of media by publicizing the importance of preserving the environment. The implications of this research suggest that the government of Ambon, religious leaders, and environmental stakeholders should make efforts to use media to the fullest extent and educate the public about the environment through mass media or social media.

Keywords: the city of Ambon, ecological based daâ€™wah, environmental conservation.
THE ISLAMIC COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES OF THE NATIONAL AMIL ZAKAT AGENCY (BAZNAS) MAKASSAR IN PUBLIC SERVICE
Authors: Mappaselleng Nur Setiawati , Abu Roziya , Karim Bisyri Abdul , Rosmiati Rosmiati
Published: November 2024

This study aims to identify the Islamic communication strategies implemented by the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) Makassar and to assess the community’s response to this communication model. The research utilizes Islamic communication theory, which is grounded in the Quran and Hadith, focusing on the morality of the communicator, the content, and the ethics of communication. The study adopts a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative). Descriptive analysis was conducted throughout the research process to draw conclusions. The results reveal that the Islamic communication strategies applied by BAZNAS Makassar adheres to the core functions of Islamic communication, which include conveying information, socializing, reminding, guiding, motivating, and convincing the public about the importance and benefits of zakat, infaq, and alms (ZIA). Furthermore, the delivery of messages incorporates the principles of qaulan ma'rufan, qaulan kariman, qaulan maysuran, qaulan balighan, and qaulan sadidan, along with other Islamic communication ethics. The impact of this approach has led to high levels of public satisfaction with BAZNAS’s communication methods and models, which are perceived as effective in conveying Islamic values. This model has also increased public trust in the transparency and accountability of ZIA management in Makassar City, thereby enhancing community participation.

Keywords: BAZNAS Makassar, infaq and alms, islamic communication strategies, zakat management
TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE IN THE TENGGER COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE OF ACCULTURATION THEORY
Authors: Hakim Abdurrahman , Naibin Naibin , Siddiq Syahril , Mu’allifin M. Darin Arif , Ramadloni Moh. Aminullah
Published: November 2024

This research aims to analyze the acculturation of traditional marriage practices within the Tengger community, specifically investigating whether there has been a shift in customary marriage procedures following the introduction of Hinduism. To address this research question, the researcher collected data on two key traditional marriage ceremonies: Walagara and Pewawihan. In Tengger custom, these ceremonies are essential for validating a marriage. Without them, the marriage is neither recognized nor legalized according to customary law. This raises a significant inquiry on whether Walagara and Pewawihan are purely traditional customs or have been acculturated with Hindu values. The findings indicate that while Walagara and Pewawihan remain part of Tengger's heritage, their implementation has changed. Specifically, the prayers recited during these ceremonies now incorporate Hindu elements. The researcher concludes that Walagara and Pewawihan consist of two distinct components: the ritual movements, which align with Tengger custom, and the prayers, which reflect Hindu influences.
SPIRITUAL ENHANCEMENT THROUGH PRENATAL GENTLE YOGA WITHIN ISLAMIC CULTURAL CONTEXTS
Authors: Machmudah Anisah , Rahmat Munawar , Kosasih Aceng , Azka Ibnu , Hamrain Fathur Baldan
Published: November 2024

Prenatal education is an important aspect in preparing pregnant women holistically to face the process of pregnancy and childbirth. This study aims to examine the integration of gentle yoga with Islamic spiritual values as an approach in Islamic prenatal education. Gentle yoga, with a focus on gentle physical exercise, breathing techniques, meditation, and relaxation, offers various benefits for the physical and emotional health of pregnant women. On the other hand, Islamic spiritual values emphasize the importance of maintaining physical and mental health and getting closer to Allah SWT. This study used a qualitative method with a literature study approach and in-depth interviews with pregnant women and Islamic scholars. Data were analyzed to understand the views and practices related to the integration of gentle yoga and spiritual education in the context of pregnancy. The results showed that gentle yoga integrated with Islamic spiritual values can improve the physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being of pregnant women. This practice helps pregnant women feel calm, patient, and close to Allah SWT, as well as strengthen gratitude and inner peace. The conclusion of this study confirms that Islamic prenatal education that combines gentle yoga and Islamic spiritual values offers an effective holistic approach to preparing pregnant women. The implementation of such prenatal education can provide comprehensive support for pregnant women, both physically, mentally, and spiritually. This study provides a significant contribution to the development of a prenatal education approach that is in accordance with Islamic teachings and beneficial for the health of pregnant women.
El lenguaje de la dominación: La reforma del sistema penal acusatorio en México como medio de control social
Authors: Melgarito Rocha Alma Guadalupe
Published: November 2024

Resumen:

El artículo se propone hacer un estudio, merced al uso del análisis socio semiológico, de la producción jurídica de la reforma del Sistema Penal Acusatorio en México, publicada en el Diario Oficial de la Federación el 18 de junio de 2008, con el objetivo de dilucidar si su contenido obedece a la producción jurídica de la modernidad capitalista (valor de cambio); o bien, si, por el contrario, se encuentra construyendo nuevos derechos que avizoran las posibilidades de una modernidad no capitalista (valor de uso); así, haciendo una clara diferenciación entre su estructura deóntica y su dimensión ideológica, el objetivo es el de responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿En qué consiste la apariencia de la producción jurídica capitalista en el texto legal? ¿De qué manera dicha producción jurídica se ve reflejada en las recientes reformas al sistema penal en México? 
Falta de Estrategia Digital en México para garantizar el Derecho a la Educación
Authors: Jerez Velasco María Eugenia , Suárez Gallegos Enrique
Published: November 2024

La educación básica, es un proceso sistemático, donde debe prevalecer el principio del interés superior del estudiante que reconoce la importancia de que se garantice a las niñas, niños y adolescentes (NNyA) el disfrute pleno y efectivo de su derecho a la educación. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las dificultades y limitaciones que NNyA presentaron ante el programa emergente estrategia Aprende en Casa que se implementó durante el confinamiento, así como la falta de continuidad de programas de educación digital (2011 al 2018) y la insuficiente Estrategia Nacional Digital 2021-2024 actual que sólo se centra en la Política digital en la Administración Pública Federal y Política Social Digital. La metodología se desarrolla bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, a través de la técnica documental, cuyos resultados sugieren la necesidad de una estrategia digital enfocada a las Tecnologías de la Información, Comunicación, Conocimiento y Aprendizajes Digitales (TICCAD), a fin de garantizar la accesibilidad a la educación.
International acts as part of the current legislation of Kazakhstan: Influence on the country’s social policy
Authors: Kuttygaliyeva Anarkhan , Khamzina Zhanna , Buribayev Yermek , Belkhozhayeva Dinara , Baisymakova Dana
Published: November 2024

The topic is relevant in the light of the current globalisation processes, which promote intensive interaction between international and national norms. This creates a need for a systematic study of this problem. The purpose of this study was to analyse the practice of using international acts as part of the current legislation of Kazakhstan and to investigate the role of international acts in the legal system of the country. To fulfil this purpose, the methods of analysing regulations, the method of comparative analysis of judicial practice, as well as the historical legal method, systemic, and statistical analysis were used. It was found that international acts have a prominent place in the system of national legislation of Kazakhstan, contributing to the adaptation of the domestic legal order to the standards of the international community. The types of international instruments and the level of their implementation in national legislation were examined, together with the ratification procedure. A study of statistical data for the last three years was carried out on the use of international instruments by the courts. According to the results of statistical analysis, it was found that the court of first instance in both civil and criminal cases is the enforcer of international norms, while the courts of appeal and cassation used international treaties in their decisions in isolated cases. A tendency was noted for a steady decline in the use of international treaties in court judgements starting from 2020 to 2022. The analysis of judicial practice showed a restrained use of international acts in court judgements. Such use can be of various kinds, such as purely formal references and the intended use of the norms that justified a particular decision. It was concluded that even the formal use of a norm of an international act in the reasoning part of a judgement is a positive practice of human rights promotion. This study can be used to further improve the mechanisms of incorporation, implementation, and application of international acts in the legislation of Kazakhstan, as well as a more profound understanding of their impact on law enforcement in the context of global changes
Rekonstruksi Undang - Undang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Sebagai Upaya Penyelesaian Kasus Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Berat Masa Lalu
Authors: Aisya Dewi Fatichatuz Zhaqiya  , Sholikin Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Indonesia dalam perkembangan ketatanegaraanya pasca kemerdekaan terutama pada masa Orde Baru telah mengalami berbagai persitiwa yang menyebabkan banyaknya peristiwa pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) hingga pada tahun 2023 belum juga pelanggaran HAM berat diselesaikan dan para korban belum mendapatkan hak – haknya seperti hak pemulihan atau dapat diebut hak reparasi. Pelanggaran HAM berat yang terjadi pada masa lalu dan belum mendapaktkan penyelesaian dari negara, hal tersebut membuktikan bawha tingkat keberhasilan perlindungan ydan penegakkan HAM di negara Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. Banyaknya statuta Internasional yang diratifikasi Indonesia pun belum bisa membuat Indonesia menyelesaikan permasalah HAM yang ada. Kendala terbesar dalam penyelesaian kasus pelanggaran HAM berat masa lalu di Indonesia adalah kurangnya political will dari aparat negara sehingga regulasi yang ada tidak dapat berjalan dan bahkan tidak dapat dilaksanakan. Serta masih kurang komprehensifnya UU yang mengatur mengenai pengadilan HAM berat masa lalu, sehingga diperlukanya rekonstruksi agar penyelesaian pelanggaran HAM berat bisa berjalan.
Kata Kunci: Hak asasi manusia, Pelanggaran HAM yang berat, Hak Pemulihan
Amicus Curiae dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana: Perspektif KUHP Nasional dan Perbandingan
Authors: Nicola Prayoga Michael
Published: November 2024

The aim of this article is to examine the function of amicus curiae in the criminal justice system. To analyse this issue, this article uses normative legal research method and two approaches, namely the statutes approach and the comparative approach with the current regulations concerning amicus curiae in The United States of America. This article argues that in the National Criminal Code regime, amicus curiae will increasingly occupy an important and central position. This argument can be seen at least from the formulation of the Article 12 paragraph 2, Article 35, and Article 54. In all of these aspects, the values and sense of justice of the community are important for judges to consider. In this case, amicus curiae plays an important role to show how the community assesses the criminal case being tried. By conducting a comparative study with the regulation of amicus curiae in the United States, this article proposes three aspects to be considered in regulating the implementation of amicus curiae in Indonesia. These three aspects include the affirmation of the position of amicus curiae in Indonesian criminal procedure law, the regulation of the substance of amicus curiae, and the procedure for submitting amicus curiae to the Court.
Implementasi Asas Itikad Baik Dalam Perjanjian Pinjam Uang (Studi PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Mekaar)
Authors: Suryani Karmila , Ginting Lilawati
Published: November 2024

Setiap perjanjian termasuk perjanjian pinjam uang harus dilaksanakan dengan itikad baik sebagaimna yang ditetapkan dalam Pasal 1338  ayat (3) KUHPerdata. Itikad baik memiliki kedudukan dan peran penting dalam suatu perjanjian. Hal ini berdasarkan atas pemikiran bahwa apabila suatu perjanjian dilandasi oleh Itikad baik, maka dapat dipastikan perjanjian yang telah disepakati tidak menimbulkan permasalahan hukum seperti terjadinya wanprestasi. Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Ketentuan hukum asas itikad baik dalam perjanjian, penerapan asas itikad baik dalam perjanjian pinjaman uang di PT Permodalan Nasional Madani Mekaar dan akibat hukum jika tidak terpenuhinya asas itikad baik
The Importance of Reconstructing Criminal Liability for Prostitution in the Reform of Criminal Law
Authors: Itok
Published: November 2024

The practice of prostitution is currently evolving rapidly, primarily driven by the dissemination of information through electronic media. The lack of comprehensive regulations regarding prostitution allows the law to contribute to the development of this phenomenon. Insufficient regulation has created a new legal culture among those involved in prostitution, which has widespread effects on society. One of the most severe consequences of the widespread practice of prostitution is the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, which can impact the health of both those directly involved and individuals nearby, such as the partners of sex workers. This research aims to analyze the regulation of prostitution in Indonesia's criminal law today. Through this analysis, the importance of reforming the law to comprehensively regulate prostitution in the future is highlighted. The method used in this research is legal research with a normative approach, utilizing secondary data obtained through literature review and examination of legislation. The analytical method applied is prescriptive analysis. The findings indicate that although some regional regulations have addressed prostitution practices, there is no national regulation that explicitly governs prostitution. Recommendations for the future include providing a clear definition of prostitution, criminalizing consumers or users of prostitution services, criminalizing sex workers, reformulating offenses for pimps, implementing a double track system for sanctions, increasing criminal penalties, and clarifying the formulation of offenses.
Keywords: reconstruction, prostitution, criminal law.
ПРАКТИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ЩОДО ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ТОРЦЕВИХ РОЗПОДІЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ ПЛАНЕТАРНИХ ГІДРОМАШИН
Authors: Панченко А. І. , Волошина А. А. , Холод І. М. , Волошин А. А.
Published: November 2024

Анотація. Основною характеристикою будь-якої розподільної системи є її пропускна здатність (витрата робочої рідини), що визначається площею прохідного перерізу цієї системи. Збільшення площі прохідного перерізу розподільної системи можна досягти шляхом використання додаткових розвантажувальних вікон рухомого розподільника в якості робочих. Встановлено, що додаткове використання розвантажувальних вікон призводить як до збільшення пропускної спроможності розподільної системи, так і до зміни амплітуди коливань (пульсації) потоку робочої рідини. Розроблено схему руху робочої рідини до робочих камер планетарного гідромотора, що дозволяє визначати кутове розташування вікон рухомого розподільника в залежності від його кінематичної схеми. Обґрунтовано максимальну кількість використання додаткових робочих вікон. Розроблено практичні рекомендації щодо кутового зміщення вікон рухомого розподільника та визначення пропускної спроможності розподільної системи залежно від її кінематичної схеми та кількості додаткових робочих вікон. Розроблені практичні рекомендації дозволяють проектувати розподільні системи планетарних гідромашин із заданими вихідними характеристиками.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ В ОБСЯГАХ І НАПРЯМАХ ЕКСПОРТУ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ЗА УКРАЇНСЬКИМ КЛАСИФІКАТОРОМ ТОВАРІВ
Authors: Павленко О.М.
Published: November 2024

Зовнішня торгівля є ключовим чинником економічного розвитку України, де одним із провідних напрямів експорту залишається сільськогосподарська продукція, що становить близько 40% від загального обсягу поставок на зовнішні ринки. Однак через повномасштабну війну відбуваються значні зміни як у обсягах, так і в напрямках експорту аграрної продукції України. Деталізовано основні проблеми, котрі суттєво впливають на розвиток аграрного сектору в умовах сьогодення: необхідність диверсифікації ринків збуту продукції, звуження фінансової бази розвитку сільськогосподарських підприємств, скорочення кількості господарств. Основна мета статті полягає в дослідженні динаміки обсягів та напрямків експорту товарів, згрупованих за УКТЗЕД 01-24, з акцентом на аналізі ситуації до початку конфлікту. Особливу увагу приділено огляду стану експорту сільськогосподарської продукції, оцінці основних напрямів експорту і країн-партнерів, а також труднощам, які виникають в умовах війни. Проведений аналіз виявив скорочення обсягів аграрного експорту та структурні зміни у його географії: роль країн ЄС зростає, тоді як частка Азії, Африки та Америки зменшується. Проаналізовано динаміку експорту товарів та послуг з України, динаміку зовнішньої торгівлі продукцією аграрної сфери, експорт України за країнами. Також визначено, що внаслідок повномасштабної війни з’явились складнощі з експортом української продукції сільськогосподарської галузі внаслідок блокування морських транспортних шляхів, блокування роботи українських морських портів, а також постійних ракетних обстрілів. У перспективі необхідно вживати додаткових заходів для стабілізації зовнішньоторговельних показників аграрного сектора України. Визначено потребу у застосуванні заходів, які дозволять стабілізувати стан експорту аграрної продукції з України завдяки впровадженню дієвих механізмів державного регулювання агровиробництва.
The effects of varying in incubation time and temperature of methyl salicylate as a clearing agent on the quality of breast tissue slides
Authors: Fathiasari Fariha , Wiryanti Wiwin , Durachim Adang , Rahmat Mamat
Published: November 2024

Non-polar clearing agents have the ability to dissolve breast adipose tissue. While fat dissolution occurs during the clearing process, careful monitoring of adipose cell membranes mis crucial due to their impact on the behavior of breast cancer cells and disease progression. Xylol is a widely employed clearing agent. However, its toxicity and prolonged clearing time necessitate the exploration of alternatives. In this context, methyl salicylate emerges as a viable substitute. It is non-polar nature facilitates efficient fat dissolution, leading to quicker tissues clarification. This study adopted a quasi-experimental method, utilizing 24 pieces of breast tissue as the sample. These tissue sample were divided into six groups according to the treatment regimen. The treatment groups involved breast tissue clearing using xylol for 2x60 minutes at room temperature, methyl salicylate for 2x30 minutes at room temperature, and methyl salicylate at 60°C for 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 2x20 minutes, and 2x30 minutes. The quality of breast tissue slides was assessed by analyzing the color contrast between the nucleus and cytoplasm using ImageJ software, along with the clarity of adipose cell cell membrane using microscopy. The results indicated that prolonged exposure at high temperature resulted in poor quality breast tissue slides. Conversely, tissue clearing with methyl salicylate for 2x30 minutes at room temperature exhibited excellent contrast between the nucleus and cytoplasm, as well as clear adipose cell membranes. Further study is warranted to explore the applicability of methyl salicylate as a clearing agent in tissues with lower fat content.
Assessing the Effect of Uneven Inlet Velocity on the 24 ft Diameter MinwaterCSP Fan Using a Unique Pressure Sensing System
Authors: Thiry Cesar C. , Van der Spuy Sybrand J. , Delibra Giovanni , Tieghi Lorenzo
Published: November 2024

An industrial-grade pressure sensing system was designed for installation on the surface of the 24 ft (7.315 m) diameter M-fan that is installed on the MinwaterCSP test facility. The facility has significant cross draft effects due to the proximity of a canal that runs underneath the centre of the facility. This canal causes disturbance of the inlet air flow distribution. Due to the constant rapid change in air velocity and direction with blade rotation, the pressure on the blade fluctuates. The velocity distribution was measured experimentally using the installed anemometers. The uneven inlet velocity distribution led to fluctuations in blade surface pressures, which were measured using the uniquely designed pressure sensing system. The measured results were compared to the results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the MinwaterCSP test facility. The CFD simulations consisted of two parts. Firstly a 3-dimensional representation of the facility, which was used to get the velocity distribution data and secondly a 2-dimensional airfoil simulation which was used to obtain the surface pressure distribution on the blade surface. The 3-dimensional CFD model made use of an actuator disk model to represent the effect of the fan. The experimental results showed a higher velocity and relative surface pressure distribution at locations correlating to the location of the canal. The simulation was able to replicate these distribution fluctuations. The results of the experimentally measured fan blade surface pressure at the fan suction side correlated within 9% to those of the simulation results.
Validation of Beam Angle Switching Method Using a LED Lumen Maintenance Testing Device
Authors: Goswami Aiswarya Dev , Roy Jyotipraya , Chakraborty Suddhasatwa , Bag Sayanti
Published: November 2024

In today’s world, LED predominantly ousted all forms of light sources because of its long lifetime, reliability, very low power consumption, and excellent controllability. That is why, it became a necessity to find proper methods to examine all its characteristics. As directed in several standards, an accelerated life test (ALT) is a good method to predict LED’s lumen depreciation. In correspondence with these standards, to find that persistency of light output from a medium power LED, a prototype is developed, which has predefined data storage capacity with remote monitoring capability, at the Electrical Engineering Department’s Illumination Engineering Laboratory at Jadavpur University to measure the lumen maintenance factor, junction temperature, and ambient humidity in the defined test chamber. Besides, to test the device a particular case study is done to validate beam angle switching, a method for LED dimming. The case study reveals that the dimming method has no effect on the LED’s junction temperature or light output.
Ceza Muhakemesinde Suç Şüphesi ve Dereceleri
Authors: Yavuz Yağız , Zafer Hamide
Published: November 2024

Ceza muhakemesinin harekete geçmesi ve belirli muhakeme işlemlerinin yapılabilmesi suç şüphesinin (tahminin) çeşitli derecelerdeki yoğunluğuna bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, Alman öğretisi de dikkate alınarak, soruşturma başlatmaya yeterli olan bir suçun işlendiğine dair basit şüphe kavramı, koruma tedbirleri bakımından söz konusu olan makul şüphe ve kuvvetli şüphe kavramları ile iddianamenin bir unsuru olan yeterli şüphe kavramları irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın odak noktasını, basit suç şüphesinin belirlenmesi teşkil etmektedir. Özellikle soruşturmanın başlatılması için gerekli olan basit suç şüphesinin varlığının araştırılması anlamına gelen ve soruşturma evresinin önünde yer alan ön soruşturma aşaması, Alman öğreti ve uygulamasından örneklerle ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Hukuka uygun olan eylemlerin, bir suç şüphesinin tesisine temel teşkil edip edemeyeceğine ve bu suretle soruşturma evresinin başlatılmasını meşrulaştırıp meşrulaştırmayacağına ilişkin olarak Edathy davası bağlamında Alman öğreti ve uygulamasında ortaya çıkan görüşler de çalışmaya yansıtılmıştır. Başlangıç şüphesinin suça yönelik olması gerekir. Faile ilişkin basit şüphenin olaya ilişkin basit şüpheden sonra ortaya çıkmış olması soruşturmanın teknik açıdan başlama tarihini etkileyemeyecektir. Çalışmada iç hukuktaki makul şüphe ve kuvvetli suç şüphesi kavramlarının Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi içtihatlarında nasıl değerlendirildiği de irdelenmiştir.
Characteristics of temper tantrums in 1–6-year-old children and impact on caregivers
Authors: Prutipaisan Warangkana , Chunsuwan Issarapa , Hansakunachai Tippawan , Sritipsukho Paskorn
Published: November 2024

Background: Temper tantrums are common behavioral difficulties in children. Although they are generally considered a normal part of development, certain characteristics— such as aggression, prolonged duration, and frequent occurrences—have been linked to psychological issues and can negatively impact both the child and their caregivers.Purpose: To study the prevalence and characteristics of temper tantrums in children aged 1–6 years at daycare and in kindergarten in Thailand as well as the impact of problematic and nonproblematic tantrums on their caregivers’ emotional well-being.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2021. The main caregivers of the participants completed self-reported questionnaires that collected their demographic information and the temper tantrum characteristics and impacts on the caregivers’ emotions.Results: Data from 211 children were included in this study. The mean child age was 4.4±1.2 years. Two hundred one parents (95.3%) reported that their children had at least one tantrum behavior, of which verbal were the most common (94.5%). One hundred and 11 children (55.2%) had tantrums defined as problematic: exhibiting aggressive physical behavior, duration >15 minutes, frequency >3 days/ wk. The mean emotional burden scores of the children’s problematic and nonproblematic temper tantrums on their parents were 23.3±8.4 and 17.7±8.3 (maximum, 55; P=0.001), respectively, showing a statistically significant difference.Conclusion: Tantrums are common in children aged 1–6 years, but their expression varies. Problematic tantrums were reported for approximately half of the children and significantly impacted their caregivers’ emotions. Therefore, children with problematic tantrums and their families should receive assistance.
Need for national guidance regarding proactive care of infants born at 22–23 weeks' gestation
Authors: Jeon Ga Won
Published: November 2024

With recent rapid improvements in neonatal intensive care, the limit of viability has shifted downward to 22–23 weeks' gestation. The younger the gestational age of preterm infants, the higher the risk of survival despite severe neurodevelopmental impairments. For infants born at 22–23 weeks' gestation, the limit of viability, neurodevelopmental outcomes, and survival rates may be determined by the quality of proactive care. Owing to the high risk of severe neurodevelopmental impairment in 22–23 weeks' gestation, proactive care is sometimes withheld according to ethical or legal considerations, and there are significant differences in the provision of proactive care and survival rates across countries or institutions. Additionally, there are differing or even lacking guidelines regarding the care of these infants across countries and institutions. Japan and Sweden are countries with well-established national guidance and proactive care for infants born at 22–23 weeks’ gestation, resulting in higher survival rates among them. In Korea, where there is an extreme shortage of neonatologists, maternal transfer before delivery at 22–23 weeks' gestation to high-activity regions with appropriate neonatal intensive care unit resources, such as adequate personnel and facilities similar to the centralized care model seen in Sweden, is crucial for improving the survival rates of infants born at 22–23 weeks' gestation. The survival of these infants largely depends on the quality of proactive care provided. This rate is not static and can be improved through proactive care based on national guidance and the implementation of enhanced neonatal intensive care practices, including centralization of care.
Metformin and intestinal microbiota
Authors: Grigor'eva I. N. , Romanova T. I. , Suvorova T. S. , Nepomnyashchikh D. L.
Published: November 2024

A number of human and animal studies have demonstrated that the hyperglycemia-lowering effects of metformin may result from modulation of the gut microbiota population. Metformin changes the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enhances the growth of some bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Escherichia spp. or Lactobacillus and reduce the levels of others such as Intestinibacter. Moreover, in the intestine, metformin not only improves glucose absorption, but also promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), regulates the secretion of the glucose-lowering hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP‑1) and other intestinal peptides, inhibits the Farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) and resorption of the bile acid pool, and may reduce intestinal permeability barrier by increasing the expression of mucin and tight junction proteins, modulates the immune response, has an anti-inflammatory effect, etc. Thus, research results indicate that the intestinal microbiota is involved not only in the hypoglycemic effect of metformin in diabetes mellitus type 2, but also in the implementation of its numerous pleiotropic effects.