bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensembling Scale Invariant and Multiresolution Gabor Scores for Palm Vein Identification
Authors: Ananthi G. , Raja Sekar J. , Arivazhagan S.
Published: December 2022

Biometric recognition based on palm vein trait has the advantages of liveness detection and high level of security. An improved human palm vein identification system based on ensembling the scores computed from scale invariant features and multiresolution adaptive Gabor features is proposed. In the training phase, from the input palm vein images, the interested palm regions are segmented using 3-valley point maximal palm extraction strategy, an improved method that extracts the maximal region of interest (ROI) easily and properly. Extracted ROI is enhanced using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization method. From the enhanced image, local invariant features are extracted by applying scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). The texture and multiresolution features are extracted by employing adaptive Gabor filter over the enhanced image. These two features, scale invariant and multiresolution Gabor features act as the templates. In the testing phase, for the test images, ROI extraction, image enhancement, and two different feature extractions are performed. Using cosine similarity and match count-based classification, the score, Ss is computed for the SIFT features. Another score, Sg is computed using the normalized Hamming distance measure for the Gabor features. Both these scores are ensembled using the weighted sum rule to produce the final score, SF for identifying the person.  Experiments conducted with CASIA multispectral palmprint image database version 1.0 and VERA palm vein database show that, the proposed method achieves equal error rate of 0.026% and 0.0205% respectively. For these databases, recognition rate of 99.73% and 99.89% respectively are obtained which is superior to the state-of-the-art methods in authentication and identification. The proposed work is suitable for applications wherein the authenticated person should not be considered as imposter.
Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Cinta Tanah Air pada Ekstrakurikuler Irmas Al Fikri di SMKN 1 Lemahabang
Authors: Luthfiah Luthfiah
Published: December 2022

Skripsi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh problematika kebangsaan yakni intoleransi. Sikap intoleransi kerap berakhir pada konflik dan kekerasan di lingkungan sekolah sehingga memiliki ancaman serius bagi masa depan generasi muda dan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia maka sekolah harus menentukan startegi khsusus untuk mengatasi ini.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai cinta tanah air yang diinternalisasikan Irmas Al Fikri, mengetahui strategi internalisasi nilai-nilai cinta tanah air pada Irmas Al Fikri, mengetahui persepsi kognitif anggota Irmas Al Fikri.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder dari kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Irmas Al Fikri SMKN 1 Lemahabang. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik studi lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan reduksi data melalui analisis kode, penyajian data, verifikasi dan kesimpulan.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bentuk internalisasi nilai-nilai cinta tanah air yang telah terealisasikan pada Irmas Al Fikri diantaranya yaitu kajian keindonesiaan yang dilaksanakan setiap satu bulan dua kali, rihlah ke tempat ibadah agama lain, bakti sosial terhadap masyarakat sekitar, dan latihan dasar kepemimpinan. Kegiatan tersebut tentunya berlandaskan nilai-nilai kebangsaan meliputi mencintai keberagamana atau perbedaan, mengembangkan rasa kekeluargaan dengan semangat gotong royong, toleransi, peduli lingkungan, peduli sosial, dan tanggung jawab.

Kesimpulan pada proses internalisasi nilai cinta tanah air masih belum merata keseluruh anggota, karena masih ada anggota belum memahami betul makna dasar negara (pancasila) sehingga perlu adanya evaluasi lebih lanjut untuk memaksimalkan proses internalisasi ini. Berkenaan dengan hal tersebut pengurus dan pembina berkomitmen untuk terus memaksimalkan dan merata keseluruh lapisan anggota Irmas Al Fikri.
Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran Guru Kelas Atas Melalui Supervisi Akademik pada Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 17 Hulu Sungai Tengah
Authors: Efendi Zainal
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian tindakan sekolah (PTS) yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus yang masing-masing siklusnya terdiri dari 4 tahapan, yakni: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan tindakan perbaikan, (3) observasi, dan (4) refleksi. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi fakta dilapangan bahwa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 17 Hulu Sungai Tengah Kecamatan Haruyan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah masih terdapat guru yang kurang berkualitas secara kedisiplinan, pembuatan perangkat pembelajaran dan metode yang kurang up to date, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan untuk kualitas guru dalam pembelajarannya. Hal demikian sangat perlu solusi yang efektif melalui kajian supervisi akademik. Supervisi akademik memberikan kontribusi menyeluruh tentang kegiatan pembelajaran. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian tindakan dengan melakukan kegiatan pra siklus untuk mengetahui kondisi awal penelitian, siklus 1 dan siklus 2 untuk mengetahui adanya peningkatan kualitas guru dalam pembelajaran.pengumpulan data melalui lembar observasi dan evaluasi kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. Indicator keberhasilan jika semua komponen indikator minimal 85% terpenuhi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pelaksanaan tindakan supervisi dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 17 Hulu Sungai Tengah Kecamatan Haruyan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 dengan hasil semua komponen baik kedisiplinan, perangkat pembelajaran dan metode up to date lebih dari 85% telah terlaksana. Supervisi akademik dilaksanakan dengan mengadakan bimbingan pada proses persiapan dan pengadaan perangkat pembelajaran dan mengadakan diskusi untuk kemudian memberikan masukan kepada guru untuk pelaksanaan pembelajaran berikutnya.
ADVERBIA DALAM BAHASA JEPANG DAN PADANANNYA DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Wouthuyzen Mariana
Published: December 2022

Paparan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fukushi (adverbia) dalam bahasa Jepang, khususnya tentang kata yang berhubungan dengan fukushi  (adverbia), pembentukan, perbedaan pemakaian fukushi (adverbia), dan makna fukushi (adverbia). Penulis menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian fukushi (adverbia) taihen, taisō, sōtō ni, makoto ni, totemo, zuibun, dan hijō ni mempunyai makna yang sama atau hampir sama tetapi dalam penggunaannya terdapat perbedaan satu dengan yang lainnya. Di samping itu, fukushi adalah kata yang dapat digunakan untuk menerangkan dōshi (verba), keiyōshi (adjektiva-i), dan keiyōdoshi (adjektiva-na) tetapi tidak bisa menjadi subjek, predikat dan pelengkap, dan tidak mengalami konjugasi. Fukushi dapat pula menjadi yogen atau fukushi lain, sehingga penggunannya dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah seperti kata keterangan.
The applicable theories on the universe formation and development
Authors: Liu Huan
Published: December 2022

Article 9. 宇宙形成与孕育的适用理论/The applicable theories on the universe formation and development. Author: Liu Huan (1983-) Master of Science (First Class Honours), The University of Auckland.
Experimental study of the snow removal process by helical blade of the milling feeder
Authors: Moldakhanov Bekbolat , Doudkin Mikhail , Kim Alina , Rogovsky Valery , Andryukhov Nikita
Published: December 2022

The article presents the process effectiveness evaluation of the throwing snow mass from the face into the operating area of the snowplow rotor-thrower by a milling feeder, when using a paddle type intensifier. During the operation of the milling-rotor snowplow, an operational problem sometimes arises, arising from an incorrectly set slope (angle of elevation) of the helical line of the milling feeder, due to which snow is thrown forward by it along the snowplow, forming an additional amount of snow for processing, which increases the overall energy costs for the development of snow and the movement of the machine in the snow massif and at the same time reduces the performance of the snowplow [1, 2]. The area of rational values of the design and operating parameters of the milling feeder and the bladed intensifier of the snowplow has been calculated. The process of efficiency increase of the milling-rotary snowplow (MRS) and its performance by adjusting the helix angle a and installing a bladed intensifier reducing the power of the working process will make it possible to perform work on clearing snow and ice formations using reduced number of machines, moreover in much less time. A more massive supply of snow mass to the blades of the rotorthrower due to the use of an intensifier will lead to a decrease in the total energy costs for the snowplow working process. Therefore, by increase the working equipment efficiency of a Mrs with the energy intensity decrease of snow development by selecting rational parameters for its design and workflow is the simplest and most effective way to rationally organize the workflow and improve machines of this type of snowplow.
Uma história de leituras para a formação de professoras e professores paranaenses (1900-1980)
Authors: Roballo Roberlayne de Oliveira Borges
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho apresenta a pesquisa sobre os livros que constituem uma literatura pedagógica utilizada nos processos de formação de professoras e professores no Estado do Paraná, entre os anos de 1900 a 1980. Nesta perspectiva, levando-se em conta a escrita, produção e circulação de livros, a análise incide sobre as obras produzidas por intelectuais paranaenses (professores-autores), à medida que os seus ideais, suas ideias e suas trajetórias oferecem oportunidades para refletir sobre a formação de professores em curso, ao longo do século XX, no Paraná. Como também são apresentadas as obras editadas pela Companhia Editora Nacional, pertencentes à Coleção Atualidades Pedagógicas, no âmbito do projeto editorial denominado Biblioteca Pedagógica Brasileira, encontradas na Biblioteca do Instituto de Educação do Paraná Professor Erasmo Pilotto. Em termos metodológicos, busca-se compreender as relações entre as obras e seus contextos de produção, considerando a materialidade desses objetos culturais e pedagógicos. Conclui-se, com as análises realizadas, que os livros destinados às professoras e professores são artefatos importantes porque tornaram-se representações em um determinado período e contexto e proporcionam compreender uma rede de significados produzidos em relação à sociedade, à época e à educação, além de contribuírem para a memória educacional existente na cultura da formação docente.
Funções e perspectivas históricas de transcrições e arranjos para violão no Brasil: o caso de Melchior Cortez (1882-1947)
Authors: Amorim Neto Humberto , Martelli Paulo
Published: December 2022

Transcrever ou arranjar peças de outros instrumentos e/ou formações foi uma prática violonística muito comum, no Brasil, desde meados do século XIX. Em diálogo com parte da bibliografia disponível e apresentando fontes primárias, o presente artigo traça um breve panorama histórico das transcrições e arranjos para violão, buscando compreender algumas das funções socioculturais que esse repertório adaptado teve no caso brasileiro, especialmente na passagem entre os anos oitocentos e novecentos. Tomando como objeto de estudo duas transcrições de autores românticos (Chopin e Massenet) realizadas por Melchior Cortez (1882-1947), os resultados sugerem que houve um empenho para que cânones da música de concerto fossem incorporados à literatura do violão, com o intuito de revelar as suas potencialidades e demonstrar que o instrumento poderia servir a qualquer repertório, incluindo “os grandes clássicos […] interpretados nas suas seis simples cordas” (O VIOLÃO, 1928, p.3).
The Influence of Color on the Perception of Taste of People with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Griber Yulia Alexandrovna , Elkind Grigorii Vitalevich
Published: December 2022

The object of the study is people with autism spectrum disorders, the subject is the expectations of taste when they perceive a certain color. The aim is to experimentally test the hypothesis that due to the specifics of sensory processing and the lack of multisensory integration, their crossmodal taste–color correspondences differ from the associations of neurotypical people not only in the structure and occurrence of individual associations, but also in the richness, cognitive significance and semantics of choice. The experiment involved 20 respondents with autism spectrum disorders (7 men and 13 women) aged 18 to 20 years. Their responses were compared with the results of a control group (N=20) with the same socio-demographic characteristics. Experimental stimuli in the form of a bar package had five different colors (green, yellow, red, pink and blue) and were shown to participants on a computer screen. The experiment showed that when perceiving the color of the product packaging, people with autism spectrum disorders have significantly different expectations of taste compared to neurotypical participants. In the most cases their associations of color with taste are not conventional and logical (this type of associations dominate in the control group), but creative – expressive and hidden. The associations revealed in the experimental group often have an emotional nature, are less dependent on the context and have a more free character. The results obtained can be used in clinical practice, in the education system and in the activities of social institutions.
Seljuk Code in the Cultural Landscape of Crimea
Authors: Kotliar Elena Romanovna , Khlevnoi Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2022

The subject of the study is the Seljuk cultural code in the cultural landscape of the Crimea. The object of the study is the Seljuk style in the decorative and applied arts and architecture of the Crimea. The article uses the following methods: culturological (ontological and semiotic) analysis in deciphering the meanings of Seljuk elements, the method of historicism in the ontology of Seljuks in the Crimea, the method of analysis of previous studies, the method of synthesis in the identification of ethnic signs. The article discusses the following aspects of the topic: The semantics of the Seljuk code in the cultural landscape of the Crimea is revealed, examples and ways of applying Seljuk stylistics in decorative and applied art and architectural decor of modern and postmodern are considered. 1. The multinational cultural landscape of Crimea consists of the cultures of ethnic groups that inhabited the Crimea in different periods. The leading marker of the definition and self-determination of ethnic groups is religion and folk mythology, embodied in national traditions. A clear example demonstrating ethnic identity and its continuity is folk art. 2. The appearance of the Seljuks in Crimea and the wide spread of the Seljuk style, which has become one of the main components of the "Crimean style" in modern and postmodern architecture, is not accidental and is due to centuries-old ethnic migrations and the mutual influence of cultures. The Seljuk style, therefore, ceases to be purely ethnic, and becomes part of the cultural landscape of the Crimea, used in the decor regardless of the ethnic origin of the author / owner. 3. A special contribution of the authors to the study is the identification and justification of the Seljuk code as one of the main ones in the Crimean stylistics. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the semiotic and stylistic analysis of the Seljuk code in the cultural landscape of the Crimea.
InterCriteria Analysis as a tool for analyzing Big Data datasets: Case study of 2021 national statistics of Bulgarian system of higher education
Authors:   “Prof. Asen Zlatarov” University, Bureva Veselina , Petrov Petar R. ,   “Prof. Asen Zlatarov” University, Atanassova Vassia ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Umlenski Ivo ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

In the paper, the intuitionistic fuzzy sets based InterCriteria Analysis (ICA) and big data systems are applied to the 2021 dataset of the National Statistical Institute with respect to the Bulgarian system of higher education. The results are produced using the Big Data platform Hortonworks and the ICA software ICrAData. Discussion is presented on the discovered relationships regarding tendencies between enrolled and graduated students, and teaching staff.
Perfiles de expresión de los genes ERG11, MDR1 y AFR1 en Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii aislados de pacientes con VIH
Authors: Torres Isaura , Gallo Juan E. , Gómez Oscar Mauricio , Rúa-Giraldo Álvaro , McEwen Juan G. , García Ana María
Published: December 2022

Introducción. El fluconazol es el antifúngico más utilizado para la prevención y el tratamiento de infecciones causadas por el género Cryptococcus, agente etiológico de la criptococosis. La resistencia al fluconazol en los aislamientos de Cryptoccocus neoformans puede hacer fracasar el tratamiento y generar recaídas de la infección.Objetivo. Evaluar los perfiles de expresión de los genes AFR1, MDR1 y ERG11 en aislamientos clínicos de C. neoformans var. grubii, durante la respuesta in vitro a la inducción con fluconazol.Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 14 aislamientos de C. neoformans var. grubii provenientes de pacientes con HIV, de los cuales 6 eran sensibles al fluconazol y 8 presentaban sensibilidad disminuida. Los niveles de expresión de los genes ERG11, AFR1 y MDR1 se determinaron mediante PCR en tiempo real.Resultados. Los aislamientos resistentes al fluconazol mostraron sobreexpresión de los genes AFR1 y MDR1, mientras que la expresión de los fenotipos de resistencia evaluados se mantuvo homogénea en ERG11, en todos los aislamientos de C. neoformans var. grubii.Conclusiones. La sobreexpresión de los genes AFR1 y MDR1 que codifican las bombas de eflujo, contribuye a la resistencia al fluconazol en los aislamientos estudiados. Sin embargo, los patrones de resistencia que se registran en este hongo, sumado a los casos de recaídas en pacientes con HIV, no pueden atribuirse únicamente a los casos de resistencia por exposición al fármaco. Otros mecanismos podrían también estar involucrados en este fenómeno, como la resistencia emergente (resistencia mediante otros genes ERG) y la heterorresistencia, los cuales deben ser estudiados en estos aislamientos.
Relationship between Photosynthetic Capacity and Carbohydrate Content of Mangifera indica cv. Harumanis in Response to Girdling and Paclobutrazol
Authors: Saiin Sebrina Shahniza , Razak Sabrina Abdul , Yusoff Noor Hanis Aifaa , Bakri Noor Fadilah Mohd
Published: December 2022

Girdling and paclobutrazol have been related with the effects on the photosynthetic capacity and carbohydrate content of plants. The physiological changes caused by these methods distress the growth and development of plants in general. A field experiment was carried out from August 2021 to June 2022 on 5 years of open-field Mangifera indica cv. Harumanis trees grown at Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang, Selangor. The objective of this experiment was to understand the relationship between girdling, paclobutrazol application, combined methods and untreated trees on plant photosynthetic performances and carbohydrate content in the leaves. The treatments were performed on 1st December 2021, and the measurements of leaf gas exchanges and carbohydrate content were performed 4th weeks later on fully expanded leaves shoot, experiencing similar light exposure. In the study, the combination of girdling and paclobutrazol application resulted in a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) but significantly increase in intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and carbohydrate content.
Analysis of the Annealing Budget of Metal Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors Prepared by an Aqueous Blade‐Coating Process
Authors: Tang Tianyu , Dacha Preetam , Haase Katherina , Kreß Joshua , Hänisch Christian , Perez Jonathan , Krupskaya Yulia , Tahn Alexander , Pohl Darius , Schneider Sebastian , Talnack Felix , Hambsch Mike , Reineke Sebastian , Vaynzof Yana , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B.
Published: December 2022

Metal oxide (MO) semiconductors are widely used in electronic devices due to their high optical transmittance and promising electrical performance. This work describes the advancement toward an eco‐friendly, streamlined method for preparing thin‐film transistors (TFTs) via a pure water‐solution blade‐coating process with focus on a low thermal budget. Low temperature and rapid annealing of triple‐coated indium oxide thin‐film transistors (3C‐TFTs) and indium oxide/zinc oxide/indium oxide thin‐film transistors (IZI‐TFTs) on a 300 nm SiO2 gate dielectric at 300 °C for only 60 s yields devices with an average field effect mobility of 10.7 and 13.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The devices show an excellent on/off ratio (>106), and a threshold voltage close to 0 V when measured in air. Flexible MO‐TFTs on polyimide substrates with AlOx dielectrics fabricated by rapid annealing treatment can achieve a remarkable mobility of over 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 at low operating voltage. When using a longer post‐coating annealing period of 20 min, high‐performance 3C‐TFTs (over 18 cm2 V−1 s−1) and IZI‐TFTs (over 38 cm2 V−1 s−1) using MO semiconductor layers annealed at 300 °C are achieved.
Biomolecules‐Incorporated Metal‐Organic Frameworks Gated Light‐Sensitive Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor for Biodetection
Authors: Li Cheng‐Jie , Hu Jin , Gao Ge , Chen Jia‐Hao , Wang Cheng‐Shuang , Zhou Hong , Chen Guangxu , Qu Peng , Lin Peng , Zhao Wei‐Wei
Published: December 2022

Incorporating biomolecules into metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as exoskeletons to form biomolecules‐MOFs biohybrids has attracted great attention as an emerging class of advanced materials. Organic devices have been shown as powerful platforms for next‐generation bioelectronics, such as wearable biosensors, tissue engineering constructs, and neural interfaces. Herein, biomolecules‐incorporated MOFs as innovative gating module is realized for the first time, which is exemplified by biocatalytic precipitation (BCP)‐oriented horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐embedded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐90 (HRP@ZIF‐90)/CdIn2S4 gated organic photoelectrochemical transistor under light illumination. In connection to a sandwich immunocomplexing targeting the model analyte human IgG, the IgG‐dependent generation of H2O2 and the tandem HRP‐triggered BCP reaction can cause the in situ blocking of the pore network of ZIF‐90, leading to variant gating effect with corresponding responses of the device. This representative biodetection achieved good analytical performance with a wide linear range and a low detection limit of 100 fg mL−1. In the view of the plentiful biomolecule‐MOF complexes and their potential interactions with organic systems, this study provides a proof‐of‐concept study for the generic development of biomolecules‐MOFs‐gated electronics and beyond.
Naphthalimide‐Based 3D Organic Semiconductors: Synthesis and Application as Photo‐Electrocatalysts for Organic Dyes Degradation and Water Splitting
Authors: Suárez‐Blas Fátima , Li Junyi , Alonso‐Navarro Matías J. , Harbuzaru Alexandra , Ponce Ortiz Rocío , Ramos María Mar , Shalom Menny , Barrio Jesús , Segura José L.
Published: December 2022

1,2‐diketone‐based naphthalimide has emerged as an important electron‐withdrawing building block in the synthesis of organic semiconductor assemblies for a wide range of applications. The reaction with different diamine derivatives enables the formation of pyrazine linkers which promotes planarity and rigidity of the naphthalimide‐based semiconductors, therefore tunning their electronic structure and processability. Despite the significant use of this versatile building block to generate flat and rigid assemblies, the correlation between rigidity and dimensionality in these systems and their photocatalytic activity remains unexplored so far. Herein, with the aim to modulate the photocatalytic activity of these materials, a new family of assemblies with different dimensionality end‐capped with naphthalimide moieties are developed in which one (NIPB), three (3NIPT), and four (4NIPTM) units have been selectively introduced. The good processability of these novel semiconductors combined with their suitable energy levels allows their application as photo‐electrocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes and for water splitting. The derivative with the highest dimensionality, 4NIPTM, shows higher photo‐electrocatalytic activity and lower charge transfer resistance than that of conventional semiconductors (such as TiO2 and C3N4), reaching photocurrents up to 20 µA cm−2.
A Stable Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Battery with Electronically Conductive Fillers
Authors: Guo Xuelin , Ju Zhengyu , Qian Xitang , Liu Yijie , Xu Xiao , Yu Guihua
Published: December 2022

Electronic conduction in solid‐polymer electrolytes is generally not desired, which causes leakage of electrons or energy loss, and the electronically conductive domains at electrode‐electrolyte interfaces can lead to continuous decomposition of electrolytes and shorting issues. However, it is noticed in this work that in an insulating matrix, the conductive domains at certain aspects could also have positive effects on the electrolyte performance with proper control. This work evaluates the limitation and benefits of electronically conductive domains in a solid‐polymer electrolyte system and discusses the approach to improve the electrolyte physicochemical properties with densified local electric field distribution, enhanced bulk dielectric property, and charge transfer. By deliberately introducing the conductive domains in a regular solid‐polymer electrolyte, stable cycle life, low overpotential, and promising full cell performance could be achieved.
The Ketosynthase Domain Controls Chain Length in Mushroom Oligocyclic Polyketide Synthases
Authors: Löhr Nikolai A. , Urban Maximilian C. , Eisen Frederic , Platz Lukas , Hüttel Wolfgang , Gressler Markus , Müller Michael , Hoffmeister Dirk
Published: December 2022

The nonreducing iterative type I polyketide synthases (NR‐PKSs) CoPKS1 and CoPKS4 of the webcap mushroom Cortinarius odorifer share 88 % identical amino acids. CoPKS1 almost exclusively produces a tricyclic octaketide product, atrochrysone carboxylic acid, whereas CoPKS4 shows simultaneous hepta‐ and octaketide synthase activity and also produces the bicyclic heptaketide 6‐hydroxymusizin. To identify the region(s) controlling chain length, four chimeric enzyme variants were constructed and assayed for activity in Aspergillus niger as heterologous expression platform. We provide evidence that the β‐ketoacyl synthase (KS) domain determines chain length in these mushroom NR‐PKSs, even though their KS domains differ in only ten amino acids. A unique proline‐rich linker connecting the acyl carrier protein with the thioesterase domain varies most between these two enzymes but is not involved in chain length control.
Blocking Methanation during Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction on Ni/SiO2 Catalysts by Surface Ag
Authors: Zhang Chu , Zhang Ruoyu , Liu Yuxin , Wu Xiaoxia , Wang Hua , Ge Qingfeng , Zhu Xinli
Published: December 2022

Reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction is an attractive approach to convert CO2 with renewable H2 to produce CO. However, this reaction is always accompanied by undesirable methanation reaction lowering the CO selectivity, particularly, at low reaction temperature and on Ni catalysts. Herein, a strategy of deposition of inert Ag on the surface of Ni to block methanation reaction during RWGS for selective conversion of CO2 toward CO was reported. Characterizations showed that in contrast to formation of bulk Ni−Ag alloy, both Ag particle and highly dispersed Ag are direct contacting with Ni particle. Surface Ag modifies the property of Ni geometrically and electronically, resulting in reduced accessible surface Ni sites and Ni ensemble size, as well as electron transfer from Ni to Ag. Consequently, both the amount and strength of CO adsorption are reduced, which facilitates CO desorption and reduces CO methanation activity. The Ag modification tunes Ni/SiO2 from selective methanation to selective RWGS, with 100 % CO selectivity on Ni‐0.3 Ag/SiO2 (Ag/Ni=0.3) at 400 °C with gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) >300 L g−1 h−1 and CO selectivity is >80.7 % even at a low GHSV of 15 L g−1 h−1. Moreover, the Ni‐0.3 Ag/SiO2 appears to be very stable for RWGS reaction.
Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs): Synthesis, Crystallization, and Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Sun Ruixue , Tan Bien
Published: December 2022

Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs) have received great attention from academia owing to their unique structure characteristics such as nitrogen‐rich structure, chemical stability, fully conjugated skeleton and high surface area; all these unique properties make CTFs attractive for widespread applications, especially for photocatalytic applications. In this review, we aim to provide recent advances in the CTFs preparation, and mainly focus on their photocatalytic applications. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the CTFs’ synthetic methods, crystallinity lifting strategies, and their applications for photocatalytic water splitting. Firstly, a brief background including the photocatalytic water splitting and crystallinity are provided. Then, synthetic methods related to CTFs and the strategies for enhancing the crystallinity are summarized and compared. After that, the general photocatalytic mechanism and the strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance of CTFs are discussed. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of fabricating high crystalline CTFs and designing CTFs with excellent photocatalytic performance are discussed, inspiring the development of CTF materials in photocatalytic applications.
Confinement of Assemblies of Peptides by Chemical Reactions in Living Cells
Authors: Yang Xuejiao , Lu Honglei , Kong Nan , Wang Huaimin
Published: December 2022

The self‐assembly of peptides plays an important role in optics, catalysis, medicine, and disease treatment. In recent years, peptide‐based materials have exhibited great potential for cancer therapy and disease imaging due to their excellent biocompatibility, structural tenability, and ease of functionality. Peptides could self‐assemble into diverse nanostructures in vivo triggered by endogenous stimuli, which initiated chemical reactions and self‐assembled to achieve desired biological functions in the tumor microenvironment. This concept introduces the utilization of endogenous triggers to construct functional nanostructures in vivo and their corresponding biological applications. After briefly discussing the representative example of chemical reactions induced self‐assembly of peptides in the living system, we describe the several stimuli triggered self‐assembly for constructing therapeutic assemblies and serving as an imaging probe. Finally, we give a brief outlook to discuss the future direction of this exciting new field.
Molecular Design of A−D−A Electron Acceptors Towards Low Energy Loss for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Yuan , Zhu Lingyun , Duan Ruihong , Han Guangchao , Yi Yuanping
Published: December 2022

Low energy loss is a prerequisite for organic solar cells to achieve high photovoltaic efficiency. Electron‐vibration coupling (i. e., intramolecular reorganization energy) plays a crucial role in the photoelectrical conversion and energy loss processes. In this Concept article, we summarize our recent theoretical advances on revealing the energy loss mechanisms at the molecular level of A−D−A electron acceptors. We underline the importance of electron‐vibration couplings on reducing the energy loss and describe the effective molecular design strategies towards low energy loss through decreasing the electron‐vibration couplings.
Adaptive fuzzy‐region growing fusion and improved CNN‐ANFIS‐based automated segmentation and classification of cervical cancer
Authors: J. Jeyshri , M. Kowsigan
Published: December 2022

The cervical cancer screening mechanisms help to classify cervical lesions into cancerous, precancerous, and normal. But, some of the classification approaches provide optimal outcomes based on the precise spotting and segmenting of cervical cancer. Moreover, still, challenges persist in the precise spotting of cervical cancer. The conventional screening methods for cervical cancer require more experienced pathologists, but it may also lead to poor efficiency and low accuracy. To overcome these issues, medical image processing introduces both machine learning and deep learning methods into cervical cell classification. The major scope of this task is to plan a new cervical cancer diagnosis method using intelligent approaches. Here, the segmentation of abnormality is done by the novel adaptive fuzzy‐region growing fusion model, which is improved by the hybridized optimization algorithm named gray wolf‐tunicate swarm algorithm (GW‐TSA). Then, the new ensemble classification termed Improved convolutional neural network with artificial neural network fuzzy inference system, which depends on the proposed GW‐TSA for performance enhancement through optimizing the hyperparameters. Finally, the simulation findings show that the designed approach is achievable and provides the highest accuracy rate in diagnosing cervical cancer.
Hydrogen Bonding versus Halogen Bonding: Spectroscopic Investigation of Gas‐Phase Complexes Involving Bromide and Chloromethanes
Authors: Robinson Hayden T. , Haakansson Christian T. , Corkish Timothy R. , Watson Peter D. , McKinley Allan J. , Wild Duncan A.
Published: December 2022

Hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding are important non‐covalent interactions that are known to occur in large molecular systems, such as in proteins and crystal structures. Although these interactions are important on a large scale, studying hydrogen and halogen bonding in small, gas‐phase chemical species allows for the binding strengths to be determined and compared at a fundamental level. In this study, anion photoelectron spectra are presented for the gas‐phase complexes involving bromide and the four chloromethanes, CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and CCl4. The stabilisation energy and electron binding energy associated with each complex are determined experimentally, and the spectra are rationalised by high‐level CCSD(T) calculations to determine the non‐covalent interactions binding the complexes. These calculations involve nucleophilic bromide and electrophilic bromine interactions with chloromethanes, where the binding motifs, dissociation energies and vertical detachment energies are compared in terms of hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding.
Embracing inherent and imposed sources of heterogeneity in rangeland bird management
Authors: Duquette Cameron A. , Hovick Torre J. , Geaumont Benjamin A. , Harmon Jason P. , Limb Ryan F. , Sedivec Kevin K.
Published: December 2022

Rangeland simplification is a global threat to biodiversity. Historically, rangelands exhibited varied vegetation structure, which provided a diverse wildlife habitat. Vegetation heterogeneity resulted from interactions between topoedaphic (inherent heterogeneity) and disturbance factors (imposed heterogeneity). Until recently, these interactive sources of heterogeneity have been ignored in rangeland management and study. Under an emerging paradigm that embraces heterogeneity, contributions of disturbance and topoedaphic conditions to rangeland biodiversity remain largely unknown. Using the avian community, we assessed the effects of wetland area, ecological site, and topographic roughness (inherent heterogeneity) and four grazing strategies (imposed heterogeneity; patch‐burn grazing with one or two seasons of fire, season‐long grazing, and modified twice‐over rotational grazing with variably stocked paddocks) on vegetation structure, avian diversity, avian community composition, and avian densities. The interaction between inherent and imposed heterogeneity influenced avian community composition but not species‐specific densities. The effects of management on vegetation structural heterogeneity varied over years, though patch‐burn management generated heterogeneity and temporal stability in vegetation structure compared to season‐long grazing and modified twice‐over rotational grazing. Patch‐burn and season‐long grazing pastures had higher diversity than modified twice‐over rotational grazing. Community composition was sensitive to ecological site, topographic roughness, and wetland area, suggesting that both the fire‐grazing interaction and inherent heterogeneity maintain biodiversity. Out of our six grassland obligate focal bird species, two responded to inherent heterogeneity, while three were most sensitive to imposed heterogeneity. One species, western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), did not respond to either source of heterogeneity, potentially indicating responsiveness to factors outside our study, such as annual precipitation or heterogeneity at fine scales. Our results indicate that both inherent and imposed heterogeneity are important in shaping grassland bird abundance, diversity, and community composition and that conserving rangeland biodiversity in the future will require managing for greater imposed heterogeneity while embracing existing landscape variability.
Brønsted Acid Promoted Sulfonylation of Propargylic Alcohols: Synthesis of Triaryl Allenyl Sulfones under Mild Conditions
Authors: Jiang Shimin , Du Sha , Yang Ruchun , Jin Fengyan , Zhou Zhao‐Zhao , Tian Wan‐Fa , Song Xian‐Rong , Xiao Qiang
Published: December 2022

An efficient and practical approach for the synthesis of triaryl allenyl sulfones from easily accessible propargylic alcohols was developed, by using sodium sulfinates as a sulfonyl source in the presence of Brønsted acid. The reaction proceeded via allenyl carbocation as the key intermediate and was followed by a nucleophilic attack of sodium sulfinates to produce allenyl sulfones in moderate to excellent yields.
Digital twin‐enabled deep reinforcement learning for joint scheduling of ultra‐reliable low latency communication and enhanced mobile broad band: A reliability‐guaranteed approach
Authors: Zhang Yining , Zhang Hengsheng , Liu Xiaokai , Zhao Chenglin , Xu Fangmin
Published: December 2022

In the coexistence of ultra‐reliable low latency communication (URLLC) and enhanced mobile broad band (eMBB) in 5G networks, the arriving URLLC traffic with strict latency requirements will be scheduled by puncturing ongoing eMBB transmissions, negatively impacting eMBB data rate. In this article, we add reliability measurement for eMBB users with high data rate requirements. The scheduling problem is formulated as an optimization problem with the goal of maximizing the data rate of eMBB users while meeting the requirements of URLLC latency and eMBB data rate. To jointly optimize resource allocation policy and puncturing policy, an algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is introduced. Considering that the utilization of DRL in the resource scheduling problem is limited due to the nonstationary communication environment, a digital twin‐enabled DRL architecture is presented to fine‐tune the DRL model according to feedback from the real‐world network. The DRL agent can explore in the digital twin model, avoiding the loss of quality of service caused by exploration in the real‐world environment. According to simulation results, the approach proposed in this article can improve the reliability of eMBB users with data rate requirements.
A novel SMARCA2‐CREM fusion expending the molecular spectrum of salivary gland hyalinazing clear cell carcinoma beyond the FET genes
Authors: Lanic Marie‐Delphine , Guérin René , Sater Vincent , Durdilly Pauline , Ruminy Philippe , Skálová Alena , Laé Marick
Published: December 2022

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a rare salivary gland carcinoma with a generally indolent behavior, characterized by recurrent chromosomal translocation involving EWSR1 (22q12.2) leading to two fusion genes EWSR1::ATF1 or EWSR1::CREM. We report one case of HCCC with a novel SMARCA2::CREM fusion, identified by targeted RNA next generation sequencing by LD‐RT‐PCR, which has until now never been described in salivary glands. The exon 4 of SMARCA2 is fused to exon 5 of CREM. This fusion has been described previously in only one tumor, a central nervous system tumor (intracranial mesenchymal tumor) but not in other FET::CREB fused tumors. This fusion was confirmed by CREM break‐apart FISH and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The tumor cells showed retained expression of INI1, SMARCA2, and SMARCA4 by immunohistochemistry. We compare its clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypic, genetic features with those previously described in HCCC, FET::CREB fusion‐positive. Our results added data suggesting that different histomolecular tumor subtypes seem to be included within the terminology “HCCC, FET::CREB fusion‐positive,” and that further series of cases are needed to better characterize them.
Solution, Crystal and in Silico Structures of the Organometallic Vitamin B12‐Derivative Acetylcobalamin and of its Novel Rhodium‐Analogue Acetylrhodibalamin
Authors: Wiedemair Markus , Kieninger Christoph , Wurst Klaus , Podewitz Maren , Deery Evelyne , Paxhia Michael D. , Warren Martin J. , Kräutler Bernhard
Published: December 2022

The natural vitamin B12‐derivatives are intriguing complexes of cobalt that entrap the metal within the strikingly skewed and ring‐contracted corrin ligand. Here, we describe the synthesis of the Rh(III)‐corrin acetylrhodibalamin (AcRhbl) from biotechnologically produced metal‐free hydrogenobyric acid and analyze the effect of the replacement of the cobalt‐center of the organometallic vitamin B12‐derivative acetylcobalamin (AcCbl) with its group‐IX homologue rhodium, to give AcRhbl. The structures of AcCbl and AcRhbl were thoroughly analyzed in aqueous solution, in crystals and by in silico methods, in order to gain detailed insights into the structural adaptations to the two homologous metals. Indeed, the common, nucleotide‐appended corrin‐ligand in these two metal corrins features extensive structural similarity. Thus, the rhodium‐corrin AcRhbl joins the small group of B12‐mimics classified as ‘antivitamins B12’, isostructural metal analogues of the natural cobalt‐corrins that hold significant potential in biological and biomedical applications as selective inhibitors of key cellular processes.
Use of home remedies for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease: An integrative review
Authors: Malapela Rakgadi Grace , Thupayagale‐Tshweneagae Gloria , Baratedi William M.
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

Home remedies are understood to mean medications or tonics prepared at home to treat certain ailments without any prescription or professional supervision. Reliance on home remedies increased during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The aim of this integrative review was to identify home remedies used to treat and prevent COVID‐19 and discuss implications for nursing practice and health related to the safety and efficacy of home remedies.

Methods

Cooper's integrative review method guided this study to identify home remedies used to prevent and treat COVID‐19. Google Scholar, BMC, EBSCOhost, Medline, Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science Core Collections, Science Direct and Global Health were used to search for relevant information on the use of COVID‐19 home remedies from 2019 to 2022. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was used to select studies that had to be included. The eligibility criteria included studies on home remedies, written in English from 2019 to 2022. Findings of qualitative, quantitative and mixed‐methods research were extracted, and narrative thematic data synthesis was applied.

Results

Eleven articles which met the inclusion criteria were found in nine countries: Ghana (1), South Africa (1), Tanzania (1), Togo (1) and Zimbabwe (1), Bangladesh (1), Hong Kong (1), India (2), Iran (1), and Pakistan (1). Findings showed that home remedies are used for the prevention of COVID‐19 infection, treatment of COVID‐19, and boosting immunity.

Conclusions

Home remedies have been found to be more pronounced across all sectors and social strata. More research is needed on the use of home remedies for life‐threatening outbreaks. Policymakers and healthcare workers are challenged to encourage the use of home remedies in the prevention of other ailments and epidemics that might occur in the future.
Pediatric anesthesia practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ruby Jordan M. , Illescas Alex , Zhong Haoyan , DelPizzo Kathryn R. , Poeran Jashvant , Liu Jiabin , Cozowicz Crispiana , Memtsoudis Stavros G.
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

The onset of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic brought together the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) and the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy (ESRA) to release a joint statement on anesthesia use. Their statement included a recommendation to use regional anesthesia whenever possible to mitigate the risk associated with aerosolizing procedures. We sought to examine the utilization of anesthesia in pediatric patients undergoing a surgical procedure for fractures or ligament repairs before and during COVID‐19.

Methods

Using the Premier Health Database, we retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients undergoing a surgical intervention for fractures or ligament repair before and during COVID‐19. We sought to determine if there were differences in anesthesia use among this cohort during the two time periods. Fracture groups included shoulder and clavicle, humerus and elbow, forearm and wrist, hand and finger, pelvis and hip, femur and knee, leg and ankles, and foot and toes. Ligament procedures included surgical intervention for the anterior cruciate ligament and ulnar collateral ligament repair.

Results

We identified a total of 5935 patients undergoing a surgical procedure for fractures or ligament repairs before and during COVID‐19. After exclusion for unknown anesthesia use, 2,807 patients were included in our cohort with 81.5% (n = 2288) of patients undergoing a procedure under general anesthesia, 6.4% (n = 181) under regional anesthesia, and 12.0% (n = 338) under combined general‐regional anesthesia. There did not appear to be a significant difference in the type of anesthesia used before and during COVID‐19 (p = 0.052).

Conclusions

Our study did not identify a difference in anesthesia use before and during COVID‐19 among pediatric patients undergoing a surgical procedure. Further studies should estimate the change in anesthesia used during the time period when elective procedures were resumed.