bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the socioeconomic activities on sea turtle conservation in the Potiguar Basin, north-eastern Brazil (2010–2019)
Authors: Bomfim Aline da Costa , Farias Daniel Solon Dias de , Silva Flávio José de Lima , Rossi Silmara , Gavilan Simone Almeida , Santana Vinícius Gabriel da Silva , Pontes Cibele Soares
Published: February 2022

Brazil has a coast that is threatened by economic activities and accelerated urbanisation process, causing ecosystem unbalance and decreasing socioenvironmental quality. We analysed data collected from 2010 to 2019 during the Beach Monitoring Project in north-eastern Brazil to quantify sea turtle strandings with signs of anthropogenic interaction, verify the impact of economic activities on the strandings, and analyse a possible relation between socioeconomic conditions and the strandings. Anthropogenic interaction was classified into 12 categories (eight related to fishing activities). We analysed 6007 strandings, including four sea turtle species and anthropogenic interaction was observed in 12.88% (n = 774) of the strandings. Chelonia mydas represented 94.05% of the total records with anthropogenic interaction and fishing-related strandings accounted for 81.65%. Juvenile individuals were more affected than adults; likewise, females were more affected than males. Icapuí and Areia Branca are very populous municipalities, and showed large number of strandings with signs of anthropogenic interaction. Our analyses revealed that fishing-related strandings were reported throughout the year; however, a larger number of records occurred in the dry season and during the lobster-fishing season. Our study brings knowledge on sea turtle strandings in north-eastern Brazil, providing results that support public policies to mitigate anthropogenic impacts on sea turtles.
Differential object marking, oblique morphology, and enriched case hierarchies
Authors: Irimia Monica Alexandrina
Published: February 2022

The puzzle of oblique morphology on differentially marked objects (dom) has received renewed attention in the recent formal literature, under two main theoretical lines: (i) oblique syntax for dom (Manzini & Franco 2016, 2019, inter alii; (ii) oblique marking on dom as morphological syncretism (Keine & Müller 2008; Keine 2010; Bárány 2018, inter alii). This paper evaluates the predictions made by these accounts against a limited set of Romance dom varieties, crucially including both dom as dative (Western Romance) and dom as a non-dative adposition (Romanian). A specific syntactic implementation for oblique dom is proposed, building on the idea of additional licensing in certain types of accusatives, combined with enriched case hierarchies (Starke 2017). This not only preserves the advantages of the above-mentioned accounts, but also opens up the path to addressing several less-studied or recalcitrant (micro)variation points.
On the interpretation of the Spanish 1st person plural pronoun*
Authors: Jiménez-Fernández Ángel L. , Tubino-Blanco Mercedes
Published: February 2022

We explore the connection between the clause left periphery and the referential values of inclusion or exclusion of the addressee associated with Spanish 1st Person Plural pronoun nosotros, otherwise morphologically marked in many world languages. We examine the referential values of nosotros in clauses marked with different topics and foci regarding the inclusive/exclusive interpretation of the pronoun. We observe, contra Posio (2012), that overt nosotros doesn’t always involve exclusivity. The exclusive interpretation of the pronoun is nonetheless required in contexts typically declarative and non-contrastive (i.e., out-of-the-blue, thetic), and its overt use is perceived as odd if the Addressee is intended to be included. In Aboutness-Shift Topic and Given Topic contexts the clusive interpretation of the pronoun is obtained from the immediate context (i.e., whether the Addressee is active). Similarly, contrastive topics or foci include the presence of the Addressee in the immediate context as one of their points of contrast. To account for the influence of the immediate context on the interpretation of the pronominal values of clusivity we propose an analysis based on the projection of a Speech Act Phrase (SAP) (Speas & Tenny 2003) in combination with a Logophoric Center (Bianchi 2003) above the clausal left periphery (CP). In our analysis, the pronoun nosotros has an [Addressee] feature that is valued according to the availability of the Addressee in the left-most left periphery. Our formalization of clusivity assumes that interpretation is read off syntax (Haegeman & Hill 2013).
Formality by distance in Spanish and Catalan
Authors: Bembridge Gavin , Peters Andrew
Published: February 2022

Unlike the pragmatic literature, a pronoun’s ability to distinguish levels of formality has received relatively little dedicated attention in the syntactic literature. One definition of formality from the politeness literature defines it as social distance (Brown & Levinson 1987). We take the idea that formality can be viewed as distance literally and argue that second-person pronouns can incorporate Harbour’s (2016) projection, χ, that encodes spatial semantics. Variation in second-person pronouns results from differences in each language’s specific pronominal resources and the social meanings they are assigned.
Exceptionality and ungrammaticality in Spanish stress
Authors: Tetzloff Katerina
Published: February 2022

Regular Spanish stress is stem-final, but many exceptions exist. Though exceptions must be accounted for, they must not yield ungrammaticality. The current proposal distinguishes exceptionality from ungrammaticality by arguing for some degree of quantity sensitivity in Spanish stress assignment. Past approaches that do not take syllable weight into account predict that a nonce input, like rapind-o, if marked as exceptional, will bear ungrammatical, antepenultimate stress (*rápindo). This proposal resolves this by analyzing Spanish stress using Stratal OT, where Regular stress is stem-final. Lexically-indexed constraints allow for each of the exceptional stress patterns, without yielding ungrammatical forms. An exceptional nonce input like rapind-o appropriately receives penultimate stress (rapíndo) regardless of if it is marked as exceptional, thus not conflating exceptionality with ungrammaticality.
De keunst fan it oersetten
Authors: Hoekstra Eric
Published: February 2022

This article considers the art of translating from Dutch into Frisian by Jarich Hoekstra and Harke Bremer in De Grutte Barribal, a translation of one of the adventures of Ollie B. Bommel, a fictive gentleman created by Maarten Toonder and well-known in the Netherlands. I make an in-depth comparison and analysis of a sample of Dutch sentences and their Frisian translations. The success of the translation resides in the following factors: (1) the translation is more specific, more sensorial or more subjective than what is conveyed by the somewhat more abstract Dutch language; (2) in specifying things, the translators have a perfect feeling of contextual information, based on a correct estimation of the plot and the characters. My observations link up with the view of translation as the rendering of spirit and style (Brogan 1993; for theory construction, see also Nida & Taber 1969; Venuti 2012, 2013; Verstegen 1993).
Der an’t-Progressiv im Saterfriesischen
Authors: Laker Stephen , Kramer Pyt
Published: February 2022

Progressive constructions have been studied across a range of West Germanic languages but not yet in Saterland Frisian. Over five-hundred sentences of the an’t-progressive, collected from Saterland Frisian spoken and written materials, form the core of this study. Based on the surveyed material, the main characteristics of the construction are identified and explained: usage, types of verbs employed, noun incorporation, and how the an’t-progressive interacts with the postural verb progressive construction. The research complements earlier studies that investigated equivalents of the an’t-progressive construction in West Frisian and North Frisian as well as in varieties of German, Dutch and Afrikaans.
Die Entwicklung von protogermanischem *ai im Niederdeutschen
Authors: Versloot Arjen P.
Published: February 2022

The twofold development in Old Frisian of Proto-Germanic *ai into ā and ē contrasts with the nearly uniform rendering as 〈e〉 in Old Saxon. It has, however, been pointed out that this Old Saxon ē
2, spelled 〈e〉, shows a phonemic split in the modern Low German dialects, whose origin may go back to the period of monophthongization of *ai. The hypothesis was formulated that this split may have run along similar lines as the one in Old Frisian, bringing the development of Frisian and Saxon much closer together. Scrutiny of 20th-century attestations of Low German words with PGmc. *ai indicates that the split in Old Saxon primarily followed the same conditioning as the split between ei and ē in Old High German. However, incidental lexemes and instances of shortening show a closer proximity to Frisian, constituting a continuum from Frisian to High German with respect to this development.
The closed vowels in West Frisian revisited
Authors: Visser Willem
Published: February 2022

In most of the literature on West Frisian, it is assumed that this language has a symmetrical vowel system, consisting of nine short and nine corresponding long vowels. These vowels all occur in minimal pairs, meaning that this distinction has phonemic value. This traditional view was challenged in De Haan (1999), where an asymmetrical classification is proposed in which the closed vowels /i/, /y/ and /u/, in spite of their short duration, are considered to be long vowels. In this paper, I want to assess the pros and cons of this asymmetrical classification, add some new arguments in favour of it, and come up with a representation of /i/, /y/ and /u/ which captures both their phonological length and phonetic duration.
Probing the generalized uncertainty principle through quantum noises in optomechanical systems
Authors: Sen Soham , Bhattacharyya Sukanta , Gangopadhyay Sunandan
Published: February 2022

In this work we have considered a simple mechanical oscillator interacting with a single mode optical field inside a cavity in the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) framework. Our aim is to calculate the modified noise spectrum and observe the effects of the GUP. The commutation relation that we have considered has an extra linear order momentum term along with a quadratic order term. Confronting our theoretical results with the observational results, we observe that we get a much tighter bound on the GUP parameters from the noise spectrum using the values of the system parameters from different experiments.
Computer simulations of self-assembly of anisotropic colloids
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sriram , Mathews Kalapurakal Remya Ann , Mani Ethayaraja
Published: February 2022

Computer simulations have played a significant role in understanding the physics of colloidal self-assembly, interpreting experimental observations, and predicting novel mesoscopic and crystalline structures. Recent advances in computer simulations of colloidal self-assembly driven by anisotropic or orientation-dependent inter-particle interactions are highlighted in this review. These interactions are broadly classified into two classes: entropic and enthalpic interactions. They mainly arise due to shape anisotropy, surface heterogeneity, compositional heterogeneity, external field, interfaces, and confinements. Key challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed.
Variational existence proof for multiple periodic orbits in the planar circular restricted three-body problem
Authors: Kajihara Yuika , Shibayama Mitsuru
Published: February 2022

The restricted three-body problem (R3BP) is an important research area that deals with significant issues in celestial mechanics, such as analyzing asteroid movement behavior and orbit design for space probes. We aim to show the existence of periodic orbits in the planar circular R3BP. To find these orbits, we adapt a variational approach and symmetry.
Characteristic analysis under small-stroke and medium-high frequency of magneto-rheological damper with pressure controlled mechanism
Authors: Dong X M , Li P Y , Yan M S , Li X
Published: February 2022

Due to the high frequency hardening effect in applications of satellite and precision vibration isolation, it is an urgent need to analyze and improve the magnetorheological (MR) performance of MR damper under small-stroke and medium-high frequency excitations. In this paper, a compact MR damper with pressure controlled mechanism is proposed, analyzed and tested. Considering the inertial, pre-compression and compressibility of MR fluid, the dynamic physic model is established to analyze the output characteristics with pre-compressions under small-stroke and medium-high frequency excitations. And then, the critical model between the pre-yield region and post-yield region is obtained. The critical boundary between different excitations is derived and comparatively analyzed. Finally, the experiments with the proposed MR damper are carried out. Compared with theoretical results, the damping force and dynamic stiffness increase with the increase of the applied current and excitations. Besides these, the energy dissipated performance can be improved by the pre-compression. When the initial pressure increases to 5 MPa with the fixed frequency of 10 Hz, the energy dissipation is increased by 43.5%. So the pre-compression is an effective way to solve the high frequency hardening. Besides these, the derived critical model can predict the performance of MR damper at different excitations.
An angle sensor based on a sector ring patch antenna for bolt loosening detection
Authors: Wan Chunfeng , Zheng Zhiquan , Xue Songtao , Xie Liyu , Wan Guochun
Published: February 2022

This paper presents an angle sensor based on a sector ring patch antenna (SRPA) for loose bolt detection. The sensor is comprised of two parts, a ring substrate sandwiched between a ground plane and a sector ring radiation patch, and a sector ring substrate covered by a radiation patch. The two radiation patches are partially overlapped and the overlapped areas are in contact allowing the electric current to flow within the combined radiation patch. The resonant cavity theory is adopted to explain the relationship between the frequency shift and the overlapped angle. The Ansoft high frequency structure simulator software is used to simulate SRPA, and the dimensional parameters of the antenna are optimized to make the antenna perform better. For verification, two sets of SRPAs are fabricated and tested.
Production and attenuation of cosmic-ray boosted dark matter
Authors: Xia Chen , Xu Yan-Hao , Zhou Yu-Feng
Published: February 2022

Light sub-GeV halo dark matter (DM) particles up-scattered
by high-energy cosmic-rays (CRs) (referred to as CRDM) can be
energetic and become detectable by conventional DM direct detection
experiments. We perform a refined analysis on the exclusion bounds
of the spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section
σχ p in this approach. For the exclusion lower bounds,
we determine the parameter of the effective distance Deff
for CRDM production using spatial-dependent CR fluxes and including
the contributions from the major heavy CR nuclear species. We obtain
Deff≃ 9 kpc for CRDM particles with kinetic energy
above ∼ 1 GeV, which pushes the corresponding exclusion
lower bounds down to σχ p∼ 4×
10-32 cm2 for DM particle mass at MeV scale and below.
For the exclusion upper bounds from Earth attenuation, previous
estimations neglecting the nuclear form factor leaded to typical
exclusion upper bounds of σχ
p∼𝒪(10-28) cm2 from the XENON1T
data. Using both the analytic and numerical approaches, we show that
for CRDM particles, the presence of the nuclear form factor strongly
suppresses the effect of Earth attenuation. Consequently, the cross
section that can be excluded by the XENON1T data can be a few orders
of magnitude higher, which closes the gap in the cross sections
excluded by the XENON1T experiment and that by the astrophysical
measurements such that for the cosmic microwave background (CMB),
galactic gas cloud cooling, and structure formation, etc..
Suppression of Stokes heating processes and improved optomechanical cooling with frequency modulation
Authors: Bao Yang , Liao Qinghong , Zhao Qingmin , Wu Jing
Published: February 2022

Ground-state cooling of mesoscopic mechanical objects is still a major challenge in the unresolved-sideband regime. We present a frequency modulation (FM) scheme to achieve cooling of the mechanical resonator to its ground-state in a double-cavity optomechanical system containing a mechanical resonator. The mean phonon number is determined by numerically solving a set of differential equations derived from the quantum master equations. Due to efficient suppression of Stokes heating processes in the presence of FM, the ground-state cooling, indicated by numerical calculations, is significantly achievable, regardless of whether in the resolved-sideband regime or the unresolved-sideband regime. Furthermore, by choosing parameters reasonably, the improvement of the quantum cooling limit is found to be capable of being positively correlated with the modulation frequency. This method provides new insight into quantum manipulation and creates more possibilities for applications of quantum devices.
Gonioreflectometer for measuring 3D spectral BRDF of horizontally aligned samples with traceability to SI
Authors: Lanevski Dmitri , Manoocheri Farshid , Ikonen Erkki
Published: February 2022

Present article describes a 3D gonioreflectometer developed at Aalto University for the measurement of spectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function (sBRDF) of horizontally aligned samples, needed to study sBRDF of sand from satellite calibration test sites. The new set-up incorporates three motorized arms that allow to measure in- and out-of-plane sBRDF. Illumination of the sample is provided by a supercontinuum laser coupled with laser line tunable filters and detection is performed with two types of photodiodes (Si and InGaAs) enabling collection of sBRDF in the spectral range from 450 nm to 1700 nm. The instrument is operated in the relative mode and its traceability to SI is achieved with the help of a 2D absolute reference gonioreflectometer available at Aalto University. The calibration procedure as well as system’s uncertainty estimation are described. The performance of the 3D gonioreflectometer is validated by measurements of a ceramic diffuse reflectance sample.
Real-time modeling and feature extraction method of surface electromyography signal for hand movement classification based on oscillatory theory
Authors: Xiao Feiyun , Mu Jingsong , Lu Jieping , Dong Guangxu , Wang Yong
Published: February 2022

Objective. Research of surface electromyography (sEMG) signal modeling and feature extraction is important in human motion intention recognition, prosthesis and exoskeleton robots. However, the existing methods mostly use the signal segmentation processing method rather than the point-to-point signal processing method, and lack physiological mechanism support. Approach. In this study, a real-time sEMG signal modeling and separation method is developed based on oscillatory theory. On this basis, an sEMG signal feature extraction method is constructed, and an ensemble learning method is combined to achieve real-time human hand motion intention recognition. Main results. The experimental results show that the average root mean square difference value of the sEMG signal modeling is 0.3838 ± 0.0591, and the average accuracy of human hand motion intention recognition is 96.03 ± 1.74%. On a computer with Intel (R) Core (TM) i5-8250U CPU running Matlab 2016Rb, the execution time for the sEMG signal with an actual duration of 2 s is 0.66 s. Significance. Compared with several existing methods, the proposed method has better modeling accuracy, motion intention recognition accuracy and real-time performance. The method developed in this study may provide a new perspective on sEMG modeling and feature extraction for hand movement classification.
Effect of fast electron transport on neoclassical tearing mode stabilization by electron cyclotron current drive
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Zhang Yang , Zhang Xiaodong , Hu Liqun , Liu Haiqing
Published: February 2022

Recent studies have shown that the stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) by electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) in ITER may be impeded when the injected electron cyclotron wave beam is broadened by plasma density fluctuations. This paper starts with the analysis of NTM stabilization by ECCD using the modified Rutherford equation (MRE). It is shown that with a wide wave deposition, the most effective approach for mode stabilization is to apply modulated ECCD early during the mode growth when the magnetic island is small, as expected. Numerical simulations based on reduced magnetohydrodynamic equations have been further carried out, and the results show the same trend as those obtained from the MRE. However, the perpendicular transport of fast electrons, taken into account in numerical simulations, is found to significantly degrade the mode stabilization by modulated ECCD. The modulated driven current required for mode stabilization is proportional to the square root of the perpendicular diffusivity of fast electrons and is increased by several times when the diffusivity reaches the anomalous transport level due to plasma turbulence. If the radial misalignment of the driven current from the resonant surface reaches ∼4% of the plasma minor radius, the mode stabilization can be degraded to a great extent, depending on the wave deposition width and the perpendicular diffusivity of fast electrons.
Intensive agriculture, nitrogen legacies, and water quality: intersections and implications
Authors: Ilampooranan Idhayachandhiran , Van Meter Kimberly J , Basu Nandita B
Published: February 2022

More than a century of land-use changes and intensive agriculture across the Mississippi River Basin (MRB) has led to a degradation of soil and water resources. Nitrogen (N) leaching from the excess application of fertilizers has been implicated in algal blooms and the development of large, coastal ‘dead zones’. It is, however, increasingly recognized that water quality today is a function not only of the current-year inputs but also of legacy N within the watershed—legacy that has accumulated in soil and groundwater over decades of high-input agricultural practices. Although attempts have been made to quantify the extent to which soil organic nitrogen (SON) is being sequestered in agricultural soils with intensive fertilization, improved residue management, and the adoption of conservation tillage practices, the controls on accumulation dynamics as well as linkages between legacy N accumulation and water quality remain unclear. Here, we have used the process-based model CENTURY to quantify accumulation and depletion trajectories for soil N across a range of climate and soil types characteristic of the MRB. The model was calibrated against crop yield data and soil N accumulation data from a long-term field site. Model runs highlighted that under current management scenarios, N accumulation is greatest in regions with the highest crop yield, and this can be attributed to the higher residue rates with greater yields. We thus find that humans, through management practices, have homogenized spatial patterns of SON across the landscape by increasing SON magnitudes in warmer and drier regions. Results also suggest a regime shift in the relationship between soil organic N and N mineralization fluxes, such that N fluxes are greater now than in the 1930s, despite similar soil organic N magnitudes, mainly due to higher proportions of labile, unprotected soil organic matter. This regime shift leads to elevated N leaching to tiles and groundwater in landscapes under intensive agriculture.
Continuous frames in tensor product Hilbert spaces, localization operators and density operators
Authors: Balazs P , Teofanov N
Published: February 2022

Continuous frames and tensor products are important topics in theoretical physics. This paper combines those concepts. We derive fundamental properties of continuous frames for tensor product of Hilbert spaces. This includes, for example, the consistency property, i.e. preservation of the frame property under the tensor product, and the description of the canonical dual tensors by those on the Hilbert space level. We show the full characterization of all dual systems for a given continuous frame, a result interesting by itself, and apply this to dual tensor frames. Furthermore, we discuss the existence on non-simple tensor product (dual) frames. Continuous frame multipliers and their Schatten class properties are considered in the context of tensor products. In particular, we give sufficient conditions for obtaining partial trace multipliers of the same form, which is illustrated with examples related to short-time Fourier transform and wavelet localization operators. As an application, we offer an interpretation of a class of tensor product continuous frame multipliers as density operators for bipartite quantum states, and show how their structure can be restricted to the corresponding partial traces.
The Impact of Train Operation Time with Ground Borne Vibration Induced by Railway Traffic
Authors: Lazi M K A M , Adnan M A , Sulaiman N
Published: February 2022

Ground-borne vibration caused by rail transport has detrimental effects on residential areas along the railway tracks. The residents who are subjected to daily ground-borne vibration may also experience more severe health issues over the long term. This involves the mental well-being of the people who live nearby. The efficiency and quality of life of residents may also theoretically be impaired by direct exposure to ground-borne vibration caused by trains. As the government decided to invest further in public infrastructure, especially in the railway transport system, the railway transport system in Malaysia is changing to a higher level. Complaints about human discomfort and irritation caused by the ground-borne vibrations created by rail transport have been reported to increase as a result of the expansion of coverage for rail transport. Many previous studies have investigated the influence of different parameter variables on ground-borne vibrations. The ground-borne vibrations are considered as the dependent variable by some of the inquiries, and the other parameters are classified as independent variables. However, depending on the nature and source of the study performed, the results of the independent variables will differ from the researchers. This analysis aims to examine one of the variables which is the train operating hour in terms of peak and non-peak hours against the ground-borne vibrations caused by the train using local conditions.
Application of Alternative Filler in Asphalt Mixture: An Overview from Indonesia Perspective
Authors: Maha M R A , Idham M K , Hainin M R , Naqibah S N , Amirah N A
Published: February 2022

A good quality and proper quantity of filler material is one of the significant factors in producing asphalt mixture. Many studies have been highlighted waste material as an alternative filler to improve asphalt mixture performance. Hence, this paper reviewed the performance of asphalt mixture using rice husk ash (RHA) as filler in terms of the Marshall properties. It shows that 6% RHA by weight of total aggregate was commonly used and depicted better in Marshall properties than the others. This study also found that the RHA can be used to replace up to 100% of the conventional filler. Even though, higher RHA content could significantly reduce the stability yet it still within the acceptable range and could be applied at medium traffic load road. In return, the higher the RHA content the more waste material can be utilized for road construction. Thus, minimized the usage natural source materials.
Durability of POFA-modified dense-graded cold mix asphalt
Authors: Usman K R , Hainin M R , Satar M K I M , Warid M N M , Bilema M A , Usman A , Zulfiqar A J
Published: February 2022

Cold mix asphalt (CMA) is a versatile and energy efficient mixture often prepared at ambient temperature. Efforts to improve the performance of CMA mixtures recorded appreciable success. Nonetheless, the critical performance measures of moisture and abrasive resistance still baffles researchers. Additionally, CMA’s design, production, testing, and site application is bedevilled by slow rate of strength gain, high void content, and absence of a globally acceptable mix design. This study aimed at assessing CMA’s durability measures using the modified Lottman (moisture damage) and Cantabro tests by adding a 3% palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as filler replacement and 3% cement. Fast-curing mixtures fabricated with a cationic quick-set (CQS-1h) and a rapid-set (RS-1K) emulsion both of medium viscosities with a nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) of 4.75 mm were evaluated. In addition to improving the Marshall volumetric properties, POFA’s inclusion is aimed at improving adhesion thereby enhancing the durability of the fine dense-graded cold mix asphalt (FGCMA-4.75 mm). The modified Marshall as stated in the asphalt institute (AI) manual series (MS-19) for dense-graded CMA was used for design. Results indicated that POFA reduces the void, improves stability, and enhance durability. Moreover, the CQS-1h has better durability for both control (FGCMA-C) and POFA-modified mixtures (FGCMA-P). While RS-1K has higher tensile strength in both dry and moisture-conditioned states with a higher tensile strength ratio (TSR) for both FGCMA-C and FGCMA-P mixtures. POFA’s pozzolanic capability proves effective in improving the durability and moisture damage resistance of FGCMA-P.
Utilization of Conch Shell Waste and Sugar Cane Dregs as Filler Substitutes in Concrete Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Veranita  , Andi Y , Rahmat D
Published: February 2022

Aceh province is an area that has very diverse natural resource potentials, such as rivers and extensive plantations. In the river sector, we can find many types of animals that live in water, one of which is a freshwater conch. In plantation areas we often encounter sugar cane plants. Both of these wastes have not been used properly and only become waste. Therefore, this study aim to use conch and sugarcane as a filler material for the asphalt mixture. The addition of filler conch and sugar cane was made in 3 variations, namely 60:40; 50:50, and 25:75. The number of test objects for the first stage of testing was 45 specimens and the second stage was 18 specimens. The results obtained are the optimum asphalt content for 3 variations, namely 6.5%; 6.25%, and 6.5%. The second stage of testing obtained durability values in the three variations, namely 98.72%, 94.83%, and 106.45%. From the three filler variations, it can be concluded that the 25:75 variation has a higher durability value and good stability value. The conclusion of the three variations of conch shell filler and sugarcane is suitable for heavy traffic because it still meets General Bina Marga 2018 specifications.
Review of Runway Pavement Monitoring
Authors: Sholichin I , Ahyudanari E , Muntini M S
Published: February 2022

Research on runway pavement is very local, meaning that it is strongly influenced by the quality of the material, the quality of implementation in the field and the climate in which the runway is built. In Indonesia, there are not many runway pavement studies. On the other hand, most airports in Indonesia only have one runway. If there is any damage, the airport should be closed. Based on these conditions, it is necessary to research the behaviour of runway pavement. On the other hand, research on runway pavement has been widely carried out in several developed countries. This study examines various existing studies to be used as a methodology in similar research in Indonesia. A review of the runway behaviour research is carried out by identifying the methodology related to using sensors to describe the pavement reaction in accepting the load. These methods were evaluated to assess their possible application in Indonesia. With the obtained results related to the pavement behaviour monitoring method, it is hoped to provide an initial step to identify runway pavement behaviour in Indonesia.
Rainfall-Induced Hydraulic Properties for Unsaturated Soil in Klang Valley
Authors: Kechik F A , Izham I S , Ibrahim A , Hassan Z A , Mukhlisin M , Matlan S J , Kasim N
Published: February 2022

Klang Valley area is one of the most landslide-prone areas in Malaysia, especially at Hulu Kelang, Kuala Lumpur. The area has been frequently hit by landslide since 1990s. Soil instability is agreed by researchers occurred due to high precipitation and long duration of rainfall which cause property damage and leading to injury and fatality. Slope failure is also triggered by the antecedent rainfall leads to infiltration of rainwater into soil. Therefore, study of rainwater infiltration is vital to relates soil – water interaction and soil behaviour for varies of rainfall intensities and duration for unsaturated soil. The objective of this paper is to determine and compare soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) which is one of the soil hydraulic parameters for Klang Valley area. Samples were collected to determine the soil hydraulic properties at Hulu Kelang area, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) campuses. SWCC was obtained by pressure plate extractor apparatus experiment and the analysis was performed using Van Genuchten equation. Result of parameters obtained shows significant differences of soil at Hulu Kelang area compared to soils at UKM and UPNM campuses. This research is relevant to supports national slope master plan 2009-2023.
Correlation between Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Point Load Strength of Penang Island Granites
Authors: Mohamad J D , Abang Hasbollah D Z , Mohd Taib A , Dan M F , Jusoh S N , Mat Said K N
Published: February 2022

Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is one of the most widely used strength parameters in geotechnical design. The value is obtained through direct testing method, carried out through careful procedures of testing in a laboratory setting. As such, it is relatively more expensive, more tedious and requires longer time to complete. Considering that UCS is highly important, Engineers often utilize indirect methods, namely the Point Load Test, to obtain the Point Load Index Strength (Is(50)). From this test, the results are correlated in order to predict the UCS value. One of the general correlations is provided by ISRM where UCS=20-25 Is(50). However, it is highly contested as it is not universal for all types of rocks. The main focus of this research is to find the correlation of UCS and Is(50) in the Penang Island area. This research would also attempt to classify the granites according to strength. This study showed that the Penang Island Granites are “weak to very strong” granites with UCS values between 24.76 to 156.82MPa. The granites from the North Pluton are classified as “medium strong to very strong” with UCS values between 37.11 to 156.82MPa. The granites from the South Pluton are classified as “weak to very strong” with UCS values between 24.76 to 141.59 MPa. The recommended correlation between UCS and Is(50) are (1) Overall: 8.385 Is(50) + 30.016 (2) North Pluton: 7.93 Is(50)+ 35.606 (3) South Pluton: 9.03Is(50)+20.138.
Tunnel Progression Effects to the Ground Surface and the Adjacent Pile
Authors: Zahid M A , Jusoh S N , Rahim A , Hezmi M A , Yunus N Z M , Mat Said K , Shahrin M I
Published: February 2022

Tunnelling close to existing structure in urban area has become unavoidable. The progression tunneling activities induced ground movement and might affect the integrity of existing structure especially the one lies within the tunneling influence zone. It may cause catastrophic failures of structures and can cause losses of human lives. Therefore, considering its risk, this study focuses on the tunnel-soil-pile interaction by performing a physical model testing. By conducting a series of laboratory tests, the ground subsidence and pile behavior is presented herein. For a twice diameter distance of tunnel and pile, the pile axial settlement is 0.04% of the tunnel diameter respectively, while the maximum pile bending moment is 4928. 93kN.m. Maximum ground settlement is 0.56% respectively to tunnel diameter. To sum up, the axial displacement of pile decreases when the pile located further away from the tunneling zone. Similarly, the ground surface subsidence decreases when the pile location is more in distance during the tunneling advancement.
Effects of Lime on the Compaction Characteristics of Lateritic Soil in UTM, Johor
Authors: Rizal N H A , Hezmi M A , Razali R , Wahab N A , Roshan M J , Rashid A S A , Hasbollah D Z A
Published: February 2022

Lime has been investigated as a ground improvement material for soils, particularly for road construction, as an alternative to soil cement stabilisation. However, the effect of lime on lateritic soil compaction characteristics is not completely defined. In this article, soil samples from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor were subjected to a variety of engineering tests, including specific gravity, sieve analysis, Atterberg’s limit, and compaction. According to the results of Atterberg’s Limit, lateritic soil has a plasticity index (PI), a plastic limit (PL), and a liquid limit (LL) of 19, 46, and 65, respectively. The obtained specific gravity value is 2.79. Compaction tests were conducted on untreated and lime-treated soils with lime additions of 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%, respectively, using an automatic compactor. The OMC and MDD values for untreated laterite are 28% and 1.46 g/cm3, respectively. However, as the lime content increases, the OMC increases slightly while the MDD decreases. The dry density of lime-laterite soil decreases from 1.47 to 1.38 g/cm3, but the moisture content increases slightly from 27% to 31%. The MDD of soil treated with 5% lime is lower than that of lateritic soil in its natural state.
Assessment on Recent Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Methods: A Review
Authors: Manan W A A , Rashid A S A , Abdul Rahman M Z A , Khanan M F A
Published: February 2022

Landslide is a destructive natural hazard that causes severe property loss and loss of lives. Numerous researchers have developed landslide susceptibility maps in order to forecast its occurrence, particularly in hill-site development. Various quantitative approaches are used in landslide susceptibility map production, which can be classified into three categories; statistical data mining, machine learning and deterministic approach. In this paper, we choose two regular models in each category, which are Weight of Evidence (WoE) and Frequency Ratio (FR), Artificial Neutral Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM), Shallow Landsliding Stability Model (SHALSTAB) and YonSei-Slope (YS-Slope). Discussion and assessment on these models are based on relevant literature.
Characterization of Subgrade Soil of Lowland Areas of Semarang City
Authors: Rochim A , Fitriyana L
Published: February 2022

The northern part of Semarang city has been suffering a lot from settlement and inundation caused by rainfall and tidal flood. The settlement is predicted to emerge from the subgrade soil containing soft soil with low bearing capacity and high compressibility. This study aims to characterize subgrade soil of lowland areas of Semarang city. In order to define the depth of soft soil, site class, soil classification, and the settlement, soil data was taken from twelve locations distributed in five sub districts of Semarang lowland areas. The minimum depth of subgrade soil is 30 m below the ground surface. To predict the settlement, subgrade soil was loaded by a surcharge load of 80 kPa, and a safety factor of 2 was taken into account. The analysis was based on N-SPT, cone resistance, index properties, and engineering properties. The result shows that the subgrade soil of Semarang lowland areas is dominated by soft clay with a depth of 5 m to 20 m with the site class from SE to SD. Soil is classified as CL and CH. The predicted settlement is from 0.321 m (lasts one year) to 1.395 m (lasts 13 years).
Observation of Gaussian quantum correlations existence of photons under linear beam splitter
Authors: Eshete Sitotaw
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we investigate the creation of quantum correlations such as entanglement, the Gaussian quantum discord and quantum steering in a quantum system under consideration via the linear beam splitter with squeezed thermal and a single-mode Gaussian states at the inputs. This quantum system generates bright entangled output two-mode light. Specifically, the quantum entanglement can be enhanced through increasing the purity of the Gaussian state and the squeezing parameter at the input states. The quantum correlations reveal similar characteristics for each case. That means when we increase the non-classicality, purity and squeezing parameter, the quantum correlations show enhanced profile. On the other hand, upon increasing the mean thermal photon number at the input, the quantum correlations indicate inverse relation.
Optically controlled grasping-slipping robot moving on tubular surfaces
Authors: Guo Hongshuang , Zeng Hao , Priimagi Arri
Published: February 2022

Stimuli-responsive polymers provide unmatched opportunities for remotely controlled soft robots navigating in complex environments. Many of the responsive-material-based soft robots can walk on open surfaces, with movement directionality dictated by the friction anisotropy at the robot-substrate interface. Translocation in one-dimensional space such as on a tubular surface is much more challenging due to the lack of efficient friction control strategies. Such strategies could in long term provide novel application prospects in, e.g. overhaul at high altitudes and robotic operation within confined environments. In this work, we realize a liquid-crystal-elastomer-based soft robot that can move on a tubular surface through optical control over the grasping force exerted on the surface. Photoactuation allows for remotely switched gripping and friction control which, together with cyclic body deformation, enables light-fueled climbing on tubular surfaces of glass, wood, metal, and plastic with various cross-sections. We demonstrate vertical climbing, moving obstacles along the path, and load-carrying ability (at least 3 × body weight). We believe our design offer new prospects for wirelessly driven soft micro-robotics in confined spacing.
Thermoelectric properties of organic thin films enhanced by π–π stacking
Authors: Wang Xintai , Sangtarash Sara , Lamantia Angelo , Dekkiche Hervé , Forcieri Leonardo , Kolosov Oleg V , Jarvis Samuel P , Bryce Martin R , Lambert Colin J , Sadeghi Hatef , Robinson Benjamin J
Published: February 2022

Thin films comprising synthetically robust, scalable molecules have been shown to have major potential for thermoelectric energy harvesting. Previous studies of molecular thin-films have tended to focus on massively parallel arrays of discrete but identical conjugated molecular wires assembled as a monolayer perpendicular to the electrode surface and anchored via a covalent bond, know as self-assembled monolayers. In these studies, to optimise the thermoelectric properties of the thin-film there has been a trade-off between synthetic complexity of the molecular components and the film performance, limiting the opportunities for materials integration into practical thermoelectric devices. In this work, we demonstrate an alternative strategy for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of molecular thin-films. We have built up a series of films, of controlled thickness, where the basic units—here zinc tetraphenylporphyrin—lie parallel to the electrodes and are linked via π–π stacking. We have compared three commonly used fabrications routes and characterised the resulting films with scanning probe and computational techniques. Using a Langmuir-Blodgett fabrication technique, we successfully enhanced the thermopower perpendicular to the plane of the ZnTPP multilayer film by a factor of 10, relative to the monolayer, achieving a Seebeck coefficient of −65 μV K−1. Furthermore, the electronic transport of the system, perpendicular to the plane of the films, was observed to follow the tunnelling regime for multi-layered films, and the transport efficiency was comparable with most conjugated systems. Furthermore, scanning thermal microscopy characterisation shows a factor of 7 decrease in thermal conductance with increasing film thickness from monolayer to multilayer, indicating enhanced thermoelectric performance in a π–π stacked junction.
Quantum Technologies for Engineering: the materials challenge
Authors: Goh Kuan Eng Johnson , Krivitsky Leonid A , Polla Dennis L
Published: February 2022

The materials challenge is often a major hurdle for translating good ideas in science into technologies. This is no different in the arena of quantum technologies which has seen a resurgence of interest in the last decade. This perspective provides a unique insight into the recent collaborative works by research groups in Singapore to surmount key quantum materials and processing bottlenecks that have impeded quantum technologies in the areas of sensing, computing, and communications. We highlight recent important materials related breakthroughs that have made possible novel advancements such as integrated ion traps, light frequency conversion, highly efficient cryogenic contacts to atomically thin quantum devices, and gate defined quantum dots, to name just a few. We also discuss the potential applications and conclude with our perspective on the remaining challenges to be addressed and the prospects enabled by these materials advances for future collaborations and co-developments to advance quantum technologies.
A crystalline incarnation of Berthelot’s conjecture and Künneth formula for isocrystals
Authors: Di Proietto Valentina , Tonini Fabio , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2022

Berthelot’s conjecture predicts that under a proper and smooth morphism of schemes in characteristicpp, the higher direct images of an overconvergentFF-isocrystal are overconvergentFF-isocrystals. In this paper we prove that this is true for crystals up to isogeny. As an application we prove the Künneth formula for the crystalline fundamental group scheme.
Moments of central 𝐿-values for Maass forms over imaginary quadratic fields
Authors: Liu Sheng-Chi , Qi Zhi
Published: February 2022

In this paper, over imaginary quadratic fields, we consider the family of

L
L

-functions

L
(
s
,
f
)

L (s, f)

for an orthonormal basis of spherical Hecke–Maass forms

f
f

with Archimedean parameter

t
f

t_f

. We establish asymptotic formulae for the twisted first and second moments of the central values

L

(

1
2

,
f

)

L\big (\frac 1 2, f\big )

, which can be applied to prove that at least

33
33 %

of

L

(

1
2

,
f

)

L\big (\frac 1 2, f\big )

with

t
f

⩽
T

t_f \leqslant T

are non-vanishing as

T
→
∞

T \rightarrow \infty

. Our main tools are the spherical Kuznetsov trace formula and the Voronoï summation formula over imaginary quadratic fields.
On quantitative Runge approximation for the time harmonic Maxwell equations
Authors: Pohjola Valter
Published: February 2022

Here we derive some results on so called quantitative Runge approximation in the case of the time-harmonic Maxwell equations. This provides a Runge approximation having more explicit quantitative information. We additionally derive some results on the conditional stability of the Cauchy problem for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations.