bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The formulation of alternative gluten-free mung bean biscuits
Authors: Fathonah Siti , Rosidah  , Amalia Bethari , Humaizah Siti
Published: February 2020

Biscuit is a popular snack which is consumed by people of various age. Biscuit is practical and has long storability span. The formula of mung bean biscuit contains 60% of mung bean, 20% of wheat flour, and 20% cornstarch with the roasting period of 17 minutes. The biscuit has 454 kcal, 7.95% protein, and 19.75 mg of iron. In this research, we propose to change 20% of wheat flour with gluten-free rice flour. This research aims to 1) unveil the influence of formula (rice flour, cornstarch, and eggwhite) towards the sensory quality of biscuit, and 2) to show the composition of energy and protein. This research optimizes biscuit quality by changing wheat flour with rice flour and lessen the use of cornstarch and eggwhite as the binding agent with the random group plan. The ratio between rice flour and cornstarch is in the range of 15% - 22.5% from the overall flour, with the gap of 2.5%, while the eggwhite is 21g (7%) and 30g (10%). This ratio is given to 8 different formulas. We validate the quality of the biscuit by scoring it to 8 trained panellists in a 9-scaled scoring. The method of measuring energy content in the biscuit used calorimetry, while the protein used micro Kjeldahl. This research analyzes of the influence from formula to the sensory quality with variance analysis, followed by the Duncan test. The result of the sensory test of 7 formula shows the score in the range of 6.9-7.2 or the good category. However, the scoring to the other one is in the range of 5.7–6.7 in the good and moderately good category. The sensory quality of the biscuit is in yellow, with an average of 4.0 while the texture is in the very good category with an average score of 7.5. The formula does not have a difference in all sensory quality aspects, except the yellow gold colour (p = 0.000), with a difference in between formula 1 and formula 3 along with formula 4. The best formula from all formulas is formula 5 (TB 20, TM 20, PT10). The content of energy in the biscuit is in the range of 390 – 420 kcal, while the protein is between 9.0 – 10.7 g. From the test and measurement, the gluten-free biscuit in this proposal is a proper healthy food which follows the regulation of Indonesian National Standard.
Extractive distillation simulation of tert-butanol/water using TRIS as entrainer
Authors: Hartanto D , Sammadikun W , Astuti W , Mustain A , Wibowo A A , Khoiroh I , Chafid A
Published: February 2020

The mixture of tert-butanol and water cannot be separated by conventional distillation methods. The distillate composition will always be the same until all of the liquid is evaporated. The separation is difficult because the tert-butanol and water systems have azeotropic behaviour. The azeotrope occurs at a mole fraction of 0.643 and temperature of 353 K. Extractive distillation is one of the methods which can be used to separate the azeotropic behaviour effectively. The system uses two columns namely extractive distillation column and recovery distillation column. The extractive distillation column requires a third component called entrainer. The novel, environmentally friendly and non-corrosive entrainers is Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (TRIS). In this study a simulation of extractive distillation of the tert-butanol / water system was carried out using a TRIS entrainer. The optimization results show that the extractive column design configuration is the number of stages 19, binary feed stage 11, entrainer feed stage 4, reflux ratio 0.5, mixed feed temperature 78°C, and entrainer feed temperature 25°C. This configuration is capable of producing 0.996 tert-butanol purity with a reboiler load of 1255.95 kW and a condenser load of -327.29 kW.
Recloser system technology on middle voltage transmission of electric energy
Authors: Supraptono Eko , Ananta Henry , Damayanti Sisca
Published: February 2020

The Needed of Power Electricity in Indonesia always increase every year to year. The demand of development power electricity is needed to be balance with increasing of electric power plant, transmission and distribution line, and infrastructure capabilities, so that distribution of power electricity to consumer go in good manner. One problem that often in distribution and transmission of power electricity is occurred faults in transmission and distribution line system. Our research method is doing observation and interview in collect data, and handling electricity the faults in the fields. the faults occurred in work area of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Tegal divided by internal and external faults. Internal fault is the occurred faults in equipment of supporting power electricity transmission system like electricity components, electricity equipment, electricity substations, and electricity poles. Meanwhile, external faults divided faults by tree, faults by nature, faults by third party, and faults by kite. The faults are handled by PLN using work procedure (SOP). The contribution of the results of this study to science in the field of energy transmission is an analysis technique to minimize faults of middle voltage transmission of electric energy.
Design and Implementation of Diode Clamp five-level Inverter Topology based on the modified SPWM method
Authors: Yoga Permana Nikolas , Riyadi Slamet
Published: February 2020

The development of power electronics especially the inverter is required to be able to convert DC voltage to AC voltage. Multilevel inverters can provide an AC voltage power output, which has lower THD and better sinusoidal waveform. In this case, the voltage which is not sinusoidal and contains higher THD can shorten the durability of applied electronic devices. IEEE has a standard that has been established as a general guideline for the use of power supply standards which is not more than 5%. The modified SPWM technique is able to provide a good quality of output by shifting the phase of the carrier signal. In this paper is proposed diode clamp five-level inverter topology based on the modified SPWM, the whole system has been simulated through PSIM software and the laboratory tests have been carried out to verify the proposed method. Several waveforms are shown to validate the performance of this five-level inverter.
Comparison breakdown voltage Dichlorotrifluoroethane using N2/CO2 mixtures for new gas insulation material
Authors: Juliandhy Tedy , Harnanik Titut
Published: February 2020

SF6 gas is gas as a filler material for insulating material in Gas Insulated Switchgear. The Kyoto Protocol issued amendments to limit and reduce the use of SF6 gas in various applications, especially as gas isolation applications in substations because SF6 is gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect, the occurrence of global warming and the cause of the ozone layer depletion. This study investigated the use of CF3CHCl2 gas as a new gas to replace SF6 gas as insulation gas. The use of mixture N2/CO2 gas aimed to reduce the main gas concentrate if it leaked into the air and to reduce the cost of procuring the main gas material. The high voltage test showed that CF3CHCl2 gas mixed with N2/CO2 gas was able to withstand a breakdown voltage of 752-837 kV. The ability to withstand the breakdown voltage of the N2 gas mixture is 9 kV-26.7 kV lower than the CO2 gas mixture. The techno-economic value of the use of CF3CHCl2 gas mixed with N2/CO2 gas gives a cost of 5.18 times cheaper than the cost of procurement SF6 gas. The use of CF3CHCl2 gas mixed with N2 gas gives a cost of 1.01 times more expensive than a cost of the use of CF3CHCl2 gas mixed with CO2. In the future, the priority gas is CF3CHCl2 gas as a new gas material that needs to be considered as a potential alternative gas to replace SF6 gas.
Simulation model of speed control DC motor using fractional order PID controller
Authors: Wati Tigo , Subiyanto  , Sutarno
Published: February 2020

DC motor speed can be achieved by changing the armature voltage fed through converter that generally employed with conventional PID. However, conventional PID controller has some disadvantages such as the high starting overshoot and sensitivity to controller gains. On the other hand, fractional order PID has potential to accomplish what conventional PID cannot. In this study, fractional order PID controller was applied to control speed of DC motor. By calculated error that occurred by reference speed and actual speed, fractional order PID brought motor run at desired speed. The parameters of fractional order PID controller (proportional constant, integral constant, derivative constant, derivative order and integral order) are optimally tuned by using Genetic Algorithm, and the optimization performance target is based on Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) criterion. Oustaloup’s approximation method is used to approximate the fractional order differentiator and integrator. This controller performances are tested in simulation mode using MATLAB/Simulink. Speed response of motor DC are compared between fractional order PID and conventional PID controller. The result of fractional order PID controller could reduce overshoot, settling time and steady state error. With this result, show that fractional order PID controller perform better than conventional PID controller.
Systematic Literature Review: Critical Success Factor in the Application of Data Mining
Authors: Wisnuwardhana Aditya , Nizar Hidayanto Achmad , Fitriah Ayuning Budi Nur , Chandra Hapsari Ika , Denny  , Haidaroh Ahmad
Published: February 2020

The application of Data Mining has become common practice by organizations in an effort to support the achievement of the goals of the organization itself. Therefore it is important for organizations to identify critical success factors (CSF) in implementing Data Mining to prevent failures that can cause organization losses. This study uses a systematic literature review approach to the use of Data Mining with a focus on success factors. A keyword search yielded several CSF findings that had a major influence on different fields of industry. Research studies sourced from 3 online databases, including ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and ProQuest. The disaggregation of the study was carried out by identifying the findings of several CSFs which became the main factors including Stakeholders, Data Availability & Data Quality, Top Management, and Communication.
Application of Business Intelligence for Customs Declaration: A Case Study in Indonesia
Authors: Canrakerta  , Nizar Hidayanto Achmad , Ruldeviyani Yova
Published: February 2020

The customs declaration made by the self-assessment needs to be re-examined by the document inspector. Customs declaration may have potential errors to determine even intentionally or not. However, the re-examination by the document inspector has not been optimal. This study uses business intelligence to address this problem by providing analysis capabilities for document inspectors. This research focuses on developing a data warehouse with the Kimball methodology. The results of research in the form of data warehouse design. The data warehouse will be used later for dashboards, OLAP, and data mining in order to detect fraud. The data mining algorithms used are firmness tree, support vector machine, neural network, and several ensemble methods. The results of the data mining process show that SMOTE has a significantly increased sensitivity score than non-SMOTE technique.
Design and simulation of an asymmetrical control strategy in single-phase five-levels inverter
Authors: Santoso Daniel , Heru Pratomo Leonardus
Published: February 2020

The revolution of 4.0 industry refers to power electronics technology development, including multilevel converter that more superior than conventional converter. Multilevel converter has less harmonics disruption, a few switches, and a lower cost. This paper is discussing about the new strategy in the five levels of asymmetric inverter, and some comparison to a conventional inverter which already existed. Focused on the design construction from five levels of the converter resolve the limitations of the conventional converter. Produce lower harmonic distortion, this construction was designed and stimulated using PSIM software. The result in real time shows THD value of 3,75%.
Robotic technology towards industry 4.0: Automatic object sorting robot arm using kinect sensor
Authors: Apriaskar Esa , Fahmizal  , Fauzi M R
Published: February 2020

As one of the most commonly employed robots in manufacturing business, robot arm has to develop into a technology capable of successing the industry 4.0 revolution. A robot arm that can interact well with humans to solve a problem becomes one of the encouraging research topics. It requires the ability to behave like humans which causes a robot arm should be utilizing intelligent peripherals. This study aims to create a robot arm design that uses a Kinect sensor as a smart peripheral to approach the human ability to see an object. As a case study, a color-based object sorting simulation was conducted. The automatic movement that the robot used is based on inverse kinematics. The experimental test shows that average percentage errors for end-effector’s position in x, y and z coordinates are 5.83%, 5.89% and 8.59%, respectively. This result has led the robot arm equipped with the Kinect sensor managed well to sort and move objects based on the color.
A SPWM Controlled Input in Dual Buck DC-DC Converter – Full Bridge for Single-Phase Five-Level Inverter
Authors: Reza Muhammad Rizki Fajar , Riyadi Slamet , Heru Pratomo Leonardus
Published: February 2020

The inverter is very important to be implemented on a power plant system, the principal operation of inverter is a power conversion from DC to AC output. A five-level inverter produces a high-quality total harmonic distortion output side. This paper presents a single-phase five-level inverter using a sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) controlled in dual buck DC-DC converter and full bridge inverter. The proposed topology is a hybrid converter: dual buck DC-DC converters to generate SPWM voltage level with high frequency and full bridge inverter to generate polarity. This method is very effective to predict the high frequency power semiconductor in dual buck DC-DC converters. The other side the full bridge inverter just need a low frequency. By this method, the gating signals for power semiconductor switches are generated by employing simple pulse width modulation. The fist verification of this topology is by simulation using PSIM software. Finally, a microcontroller dsPIC30F4012 is used in laboratory experiment for the last verification.
Design and simulation full control strategy in single-phase five-level inverter
Authors: Kristiawan Iwan , Heru Pratomo Leonardus
Published: February 2020

A five-level inverter has been used for many applications in renewable energy systems. In terms of harmonic distortion is lower compared to conventional two-level inverters. The five-level converter has several disadvantages such as the number of semiconductor power switches, pulse width modulation control methods, and the semiconductor switch power loss. This paper aims to propose a new control strategy and design on a five-level inverter. Unipolar control strategy modulation of sinusoidal pulse width modulation is used for each power semiconductor switch. This converter only requires 2 carrier signals and is simulated in real-time with a THD of 3.36%.
Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Controller with Different Membership Function Curves
Authors: Tri Wicaksono Mardika , Riyadi Slamet
Published: February 2020

Generally, the applications of power electronic are widely applied in the industrial, household, renewable energy fields, etc. Fuzzy Logic Controller is considered as an effective support control in the application because this implementation is very useful. Fuzzy Logic Controller is more reliable when compared to conventional control systems. This paper provides a Fuzzy Logic Controller based control method to identify the transformation of the membership function curve by using the dsPIC30F4012 microcontroller. In the implementation, the different membership function curves are adopted to obtain the maximum power output. The fuzzification process is needed to convert numerical numbers into fuzzy numbers. The other process is also required to convert the result of fuzzification process, it is called defuzzification process. To obtain the control system performance, the rule is defined in the rule base matrix. The experimental results were done to verify the analysis of Fuzzy Logic Controller.
Red blood cell classification on thin blood smear images for malaria diagnosis
Authors: Sunarko Budi , Djuniadi  , Bottema Murk , Iksan Nur , Hudaya Khakim A N , Hanif Muhammad S
Published: February 2020

Parasite detection is important for the diagnosis of many blood-borne diseases including malaria. As part of a program to develop a fast, accurate, and affordable automatic device for diagnosing malaria, a critical step is to automatically classify individual red blood cells in thin blood smear images. To automatically recognize malaria parasites in an image, this paper presents a red blood cell classification study for malaria diagnosis. To diagnose malaria, the threshold-based segmentation is implemented using the Otsu’s method succeeded by the distance transform and statistical classifier. The methods are applied to red blood cell images obtained from Kaggle. These experimental results show that the classification recognizes malaria parasite with 94.60% accuracy, 96.20% specificity, and 93% sensitivity.
Design and development of multi media cards as a motorized vehicle speed data recorders
Authors: Purwanti Dwi , Adi Widodo Djoko , Hudallah Noor , Arfriandi Arief , Defi Mahadji Putri Riana , Purbawanto Sugeng , Isdiyarto  , Wibawanto Hari , Harlanu Muhammad , Mulwinda Anggraini
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to design and make a prototype of a motorized vehicle speed data recorder by utilizing MMC (Multi Media Card) as a data recording media so that there will be factual evidence in the form of a motor vehicle track record as long as the vehicle is running. The research method uses the Research and Development (R & D) approach, with stages: hardware design and firmware creation, hardware testing, GUI application creation, GUI application testing, data retrieval testing, and data analysis. The entire system of this tool is controlled by the ATmega328 microcontroller, the RTC module is used to generate timer signals in real time and Infrared Sensors (IR Sensors) as wheel rotation detectors that are used as car speed sensors when driving. Data is recorded in the form of real time speed, accelerator (acceleration) and the distance stored in a Secure Digital Card (SD Card) or MMC (multimedia card) within the specified time interval. The results of hardware testing show that the design works through all the test scenarios performed. GUI applications and firmware are tested by blackbox testing, and show that the system is running smoothly. In addition, testing is also focused on speed data recording segmentation algorithms, with the result that the algorithm can mark the phase of each speed change with 100% accuracy. Product testing with data retrieval is done in 10 (ten) data by comparing the actual distance indicated by the speedometer with the system measurement value. The test results show that the system can accurately estimate activity parameters for each change in speed, with an accuracy rate of 98.91%. In addition, the standard deviation value of 0.02625 km / h indicates that this system is considered consistent in measurement.
Performance of management information system of engineering faculty internship office UNNES 2018 evaluation with HOT fit models
Authors: Damayanti Astrilia , Taveriyanto Arie , Suwahyo  , Paramita Octavianti , Ananta Henry , Alif Ganisha Naufal , Mukti Ramadhan Raihan
Published: February 2020

Management information system (MIS) of Engineering Faculty (EF) Internship Office (IO) Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) 2018 is an efficient and effective information system in colleges. The purpose of this study is the learning outcomes of MIS IO EF UNNES 2018 through users and systems. This research method was conducted using a questionnaire with HOT (Human, Organization, and Technology) fit model. This questionnaire was filled by 64 respondents consisting of students, supervisors, study program coordinator, administrative both departments and faculties. The results show that the user’s response to human instruments was a good average (54%) but the assessment of the department and faculty administration by all respondents was only 3% and 1.5%. Meanwhile, the average organizational instrument was good (53.86%), but the climate factor or organizational culture (55.40%) was the best from the organizational existence (55.01%) and the quality of organizational work (50.22%). Finally, it was good (54%) with the system quality factor (55.28%) was better than the information quality factor (53.15%). Improvements to the website consist of the front view and the contents of the system. This questionnaire can help the performance of MIS IO EF UNNES 2018.
Hiding multiple secret information using dynamic image bit manipulation
Authors: Fashiha Hastawan Ahmad , Septiana Risma
Published: February 2020

In the New Paradigm of Industry 4.0, the main concern of high flow information transmission is security disruption. The transmission process should secure the information transmitted. Especially for secret information found out by nobody. One of the methods used to improved information security is the information hiding process. The hiding technique often applied is Steganography. In this technique, a multimedia data format such as the digital image embeds information. The problem occurs when the secret information is a digital image. Stored an image into another image will cause data distortion and the information will be damaged. These problems can be solved by improving the steganography method for digital images. Improvement of the steganography method in this study uses a bit manipulation technique on the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method. The secret information represented by the digital image will be hidden in a container image. The hiding technique method worked by manipulating the intensity value of the image in the sequence of binary bit format, so the container image intensity value can be used to hide many digital images. The result of this research is a steganography technique allowed to store three images in one image container at one time. The results of the improvement method can protect the intensity values of the container image from some failure. The results of this study also show that data integrity is maintained even though the value of image intensity changed by the bits of hidden images.
Synthesis and characterization of iron (III) oxide from natural iron sand of the south coastal area, Purworejo Central Java
Authors: Widodo R D , Priyono  , Rusiyanto  , Anis S , Ichwani A A , Setiawan B , Fitriyana D F , Rochman L
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to synthesize and characterize of iron sand from the south coastal area of Purworejo, Central Java. Iron sand was mechanically filtered using permanent magnets 35 times. The filtered iron sand was characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the compound contained therein and his physical characteristics. The filtered iron sand was heated at temperatures of 800 ° C and 900 ° C for 5 hours in the furnace and after it was cold and followed by XRD testing. Based on the x-ray diffraction pattern, a single phase Fe2 O3 as a permanent magnet base can be formed after a 900 ° C heating process for 5 hours.
Increased strength of laminated bamboo beams using a shear connector adhesive method
Authors: Yasin  , Priyosulistyo HRC , Sutrisno W , Agung IB , Priyanto A
Published: February 2020

At this time the timber with good quality has been difficult to obtain, so the wood is increasingly rare for building construction. To reduce deforestation due to logging for construction materials, it is time to replace wood with bamboo. Laminated bamboo is an engineering building material that has a character like wood. Laminated bamboo structures can encourage the replacement of wood, steel and concrete materials so that the development of laminated bamboo technology can revolutionize the use of bamboo in construction. One of the weaknesses of the laminated bamboo beam structure is the adhesive line between the bamboo lamina. Mechanical lamination using a shear connector prevents horizontal slip between the bamboo lamina. Incising method is a method that makes the adhesive as well as the adhesive as well as the shear connector. Dendrocalamus asper research material with an average age of 4 years. The testing shear strength and tensile strength of bamboo block lamination was carried out based on ASTM D143 (2002). Experimental testing of flexural strength of laminated bamboo beams is carried out using a tool with a Multi Purpose Testing System and data logger. Changes in the structure of bamboo that are applied to lateral pressure are observed using SEM (Scaning Electron Microscopy). The use of Incising method in making laminated bamboo beams can significantly increase the strength of mechanical properties laminated beam structures.
Godong expansive soil stabilization using sugar cane and sikacim concrete additive
Authors: Wardani S P R , Setiaji A R A , Justiandaru Y , Hidayatullah I S
Published: February 2020

his research was carried out to analyse the expansive soil sample obtained from Godong, Purwodadi with the addition of sugar cane at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The soil (water content, specific gravity, hydrometer, and Atterberg limits), and mechanical properties of Swell Test (Oedometer) and CBR (California Bearing Ratio) were tested, which obtained 93.65% LL (liquid limit), 31.08% PL (plastic limit) and 62.57% IP (plasticity index). While a fine fraction sieving size <0.075 mm (90.48%), and coarse fraction of 0.075 mm (2.16%) were obtained. Also, the addition of sugar cane increases the soil properties of LL and PL, and decreases its IP. It also affected the values of the soaked and unsoaked CBR with a steady increase at 7.5% and decrease at 10%. But not capable to improve soil shrinkage.
Selective oxidation of cumene into 2-phenyl-2-propanol and acetophenone over activated carbon supported Co1.5PW12O40 material
Authors: Abduh Naaser A Y , Al-Garni Tahani , Al Kahtani Abdullah , Aouissi Ahmed
Published: February 2020

This article reports the oxidation of cumene by H2O2 in the presence of CO2. It describes the role played by carbon dioxide on the course of the reaction. The reaction was catalyzed by unsupported Co1.5PW12O40 and supported on activated carbon. The prepared materials were characterized by ICP, IR, XRD and UV. Analysis of the reaction products by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and gas chromatography showed that 2-phenyl-2-propanol and acetophenone were the main products of the reaction. Activated carbon significantly increases conversion by increasing Co1.5PW12O40 accessibility to cumene molecules. The improvement in the conversion and selectivities of 2-phenyl-2-propanol and acetophenone by the use of the oxidizing system H2O2/CO2compared to the use of H2O2 alone or CO2 alone is due to the role of the percarbonate entity

HCO

4

−

formed by reaction between H2O2 and CO2. Oxidation by large amounts of H2O2 decreases the conversion by decreasing the solubility of cumene in the resulting aqueous medium. An increase in the reaction time resulting in a decrease in the concentration of H2O2 and leaving the effect of the predominant CO2 accentuates the cracking reactions.
Growth of ZnO nanorods on FTO glass substrate
Authors: Slimani Hamza , Bessous Noureddine , Dagher Sawsan , Hilal-Alnaqbi Ali , El Gamal Maisa , Akhozheya Boshra , Mohammed Mudasir
Published: February 2020

A simple and direct method has been developed to grow zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) on a fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass (FTO) substrate. Firstly, spray pyrolysis deposition method is applied followed by dipping the substrate in a solution of ZnO growth reagents. The morphology, structure, and optical properties of the obtained thin film are investigated. The results demonstrate the successful synthesis of the ZnO NRs on FTO substrate. The NRs have a hexagonal rod like structure with diameter and length of 240 nm and 670 nm, respectively. FTO/ZnO NRs exhibited absorption of UV wavelengths and high transmittance in visible light region, with energy bandgap (Eg) of 3.2 eV. The characteristics of the FTO/ZnO NRs film can be explored in photovoltaic applications such as dye-sensitized solar cells.
Homogeneous vector bundles over abelian varieties via representation theory
Authors: Brion Michel
Published: February 2020

Let

A
A

be an abelian variety over a field. The homogeneous (or translation-invariant) vector bundles over

A
A

form an abelian category

HVec

A

\textrm {HVec}_A

; the Fourier-Mukai transform yields an equivalence of

HVec

A

\textrm {HVec}_A

with the category of coherent sheaves with finite support on the dual abelian variety. In this paper, we develop an alternative approach to homogeneous vector bundles, based on the equivalence of

HVec

A

\textrm {HVec}_A

with the category of finite-dimensional representations of a commutative affine group scheme (the “affine fundamental group” of

A
A

). This displays remarkable analogies between homogeneous vector bundles over abelian varieties and representations of split reductive algebraic groups.
Assessing the Long-Term Impact of Concussion upon Cognition: A 5-Year Prospective Investigation
Authors: Piantella Stefan , McDonald Stuart J , Maruff Paul , Wright Bradley J
Published: February 2020

Objective

Jockeys have high rates of concussion, with 5% of jockeys receiving at least one concussion annually. The impact of acute concussion upon cognition is well understood, but less is known about the long-term effects of concussion upon cognition. Our aim was to assess the impact of concussion upon jockeys who had provided pre-concussion assessments of cognition using a prospective design.

Method

In this study, over a 5-year period, we assessed the cognitive performance of jockeys with ≥1 medically diagnosed concussion (MDC; n = 17, months since concussion, M = 29.18), against those who had not been concussed (NC; n = 41). Jockeys who had not been concussed in the preceding 6 months completed four computer-based cognitive assessments from the CogSport battery.

Results

Unlike the majority of the small existing literature, there was no difference (p ≥ .05) between the MDC and NC groups after controlling for age and baseline performance. Additionally, we used a measure of reliable change to assess for clinically meaningful decrements from baseline in each test and composite score 5 years later. None of the jockeys in the MDC group recorded significant decrements on any CogSport measure from baseline (z > −1.65).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the presence of concussion does not result in persistent decrements in cognitive performance and that when findings are considered collectively, assessing factors beyond medically diagnosed concussion (e.g., chronic stress, undiagnosed concussion) may improve the interpretation of our current findings.
Eye-Tracking Technology in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Asaad Malke , Dey Jacob K , Al-Mouakeh Ahmad , Manjouna Mohamad Baraa , Nashed Mohammad A , Rajesh Aashish , Boonipat Thanapoom , Bite Uldis
Published: February 2020

Background

The use of eye-tracking technology in plastic surgery has gained popularity over the past decade due to its ability to assess observers’ visual preferences in an objective manner.

Objectives

The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of eye-tracking studies in plastic and reconstructive surgery, which can aid in the design and conduct of high-quality eye-tracking studies.

Methods

Through application of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search of articles published on eye-tracking across several databases was conducted from January 1946 to January 2019. Inclusion criteria included studies evaluating the use of eye-tracking technology in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. The resulting publications were screened by 2 independent reviewers.

Results

A total of 595 articles were identified, 23 of which met our inclusion criteria. The most common application of eye-tracking was to assess individuals with cleft lip/palate (9 studies). All 19 studies that evaluated fixation patterns among conditions vs controls reported significant differences between the 2 groups. Five out of 7 studies assessing visual data between preoperative and postoperative patients identified significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative groups, whereas 2 studies did not. Nine studies examined the relation between severity indices, attractiveness scores, or personality ratings and gaze patterns. Correlation was found in 7 out of the 9 studies.

Conclusions

This systematic review demonstrates the utility of eye-tracking technology as a quantifiable objective assessment and emerging research tool for evaluating outcomes in several domains of plastic and reconstructive surgery.
atomium—a Python structure parser
Authors: Ireland Sam M , Martin Andrew C R
Published: February 2020

Structural biology relies on specific file formats to convey information about macromolecular structures. Traditionally this has been the PDB format, but increasingly newer formats, such as PDBML, mmCIF and MMTF are being used. Here we present atomium, a modern, lightweight, Python library for parsing, manipulating and saving PDB, mmCIF and MMTF file formats. In addition, we provide a web service, pdb2json, which uses atomium to give a consistent JSON representation to the entire Protein Data Bank.

Availability and implementation

atomium is implemented in Python and its performance is equivalent to the existing library BioPython. However, it has significant advantages in features and API design. atomium is available from atomium.bioinf.org.uk and pdb2json can be accessed at pdb2json.bioinf.org.uk

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A cautionary tale on using imputation methods for inference in matched-pairs design
Authors: Ramosaj Burim , Amro Lubna , Pauly Markus
Published: February 2020

Motivation

Imputation procedures in biomedical fields have turned into statistical practice, since further analyses can be conducted ignoring the former presence of missing values. In particular, non-parametric imputation schemes like the random forest have shown favorable imputation performance compared to the more traditionally used MICE procedure. However, their effect on valid statistical inference has not been analyzed so far. This article closes this gap by investigating their validity for inferring mean differences in incompletely observed pairs while opposing them to a recent approach that only works with the given observations at hand.

Results

Our findings indicate that machine-learning schemes for (multiply) imputing missing values may inflate type I error or result in comparably low power in small-to-moderate matched pairs, even after modifying the test statistics using Rubin’s multiple imputation rule. In addition to an extensive simulation study, an illustrative data example from a breast cancer gene study has been considered.

Availability and implementation

The corresponding R-code can be accessed through the authors and the gene expression data can be downloaded at www.gdac.broadinstitute.org.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bayesian inference using qualitative observations of underlying continuous variables
Authors: Mitra Eshan D , Hlavacek William S
Published: February 2020

Motivation

Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of using non-numerical, qualitative data to parameterize mathematical models. However, uncertainty quantification (UQ) of such parameterized models has remained challenging because of a lack of a statistical interpretation of the objective functions used in optimization.

Results

We formulated likelihood functions suitable for performing Bayesian UQ using qualitative observations of underlying continuous variables or a combination of qualitative and quantitative data. To demonstrate the resulting UQ capabilities, we analyzed a published model for immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor signaling using synthetic qualitative and quantitative datasets. Remarkably, estimates of parameter values derived from the qualitative data were nearly as consistent with the assumed ground-truth parameter values as estimates derived from the lower throughput quantitative data. These results provide further motivation for leveraging qualitative data in biological modeling.

Availability and implementation

The likelihood functions presented here are implemented in a new release of PyBioNetFit, an open-source application for analyzing Systems Biology Markup Language- and BioNetGen Language-formatted models, available online at www.github.com/lanl/PyBNF.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Bayesian nonparametric approach for evaluating the causal effect of treatment in randomized trials with semi-competing risks
Authors: Xu Yanxun , Scharfstein Daniel , Müller Peter , Daniels Michael
Published: February 2020

We develop a Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) approach to evaluate the causal effect of treatment in a randomized trial where a nonterminal event may be censored by a terminal event, but not vice versa (i.e., semi-competing risks). Based on the idea of principal stratification, we define a novel estimand for the causal effect of treatment on the nonterminal event. We introduce identification assumptions, indexed by a sensitivity parameter, and show how to draw inference using our BNP approach. We conduct simulation studies and illustrate our methodology using data from a brain cancer trial. The R code implementing our model and algorithm is available for download at https://github.com/YanxunXu/BaySemiCompeting.
Inflation and Output Volatility: Evidence from International Historical Data
Authors: Ćorić Bruno
Published: February 2020

This study adopts a historical perspective to investigate variations in output volatility within and across world economies. The analysis uses annual data for 37 OECD and non-OECD countries covering the last two centuries. We focus on the relationship between inflation and output volatility. The results of a panel analysis show a positive effect of inflation on output volatility. This finding is consistent with the view that low inflation has a stabilizing effect on output volatility over the long term.
Incidence, Risk Factors and Evaluation of Osteoporosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Danish Population-Based Inception Cohort With 10 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Lo Bobby , Holm Jakob Præst , Vester-Andersen Marianne Kajbæk , Bendtsen Flemming , Vind Ida , Burisch Johan
Published: February 2020

Background

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] including Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] are at risk of developing metabolic bone disease. The aims here were to investigate the screening strategy, incidence and risk factors of osteoporosis in a prospective population-based inception cohort.

Method

Between 2003 and 2004 all incident patients diagnosed with CD and UC in a well-defined Copenhagen area were included and followed until 2015. Data were compared with a control population [at a ratio of 1:20]. Regression models were performed with several covariates. The sensitivity of the Danish registries for osteoporosis was also assessed.

Results

A total of 513 patients were included [213 CD, 300 UC]. Overall, 338 (66%, CD: 164 [77%], UC: 174 [58%], p < 0.001] patients received ≥ 500 mg corticosteroid within a year, resulting in 781 patient-years at risk of osteoporosis. Of those, only 83 [10.6%] patient-years were followed by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan within the same or the following 2 years.

Overall, 73 [14.2%] IBD patients (CD: 31 [14.6%], UC: 42 [14%]) and 680 [6.6%, p < 0.001] controls were diagnosed with osteoporosis during follow-up. The risk of osteoporosis was increased compared to the control population (odds ratio: CD: 2.9 [95% confidence interval: 2.0–4.1], UC: 2.8 [2.1–3.9]).

Conclusion

In this population-based inception cohort, the incidence of osteoporosis was significantly higher compared to a control population. Measurement of bone mineral density is infrequent, especially in patients at high risk of developing osteoporosis. These results demonstrate the need of further awareness of the risk of osteoporosis among IBD patients, and prospective population-based studies are warranted.
The Water Channel Aquaporin 8 is a Critical Regulator of Intestinal Fluid Homeostasis in Collagenous Colitis
Authors: Escudero-Hernández Celia , Münch Andreas , Østvik Ann-Elisabet , Granlund Atle van Beelen , Koch Stefan
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims

Diarrhoea is a common, debilitating symptom of gastrointestinal disorders. Pathomechanisms probably involve defects in trans-epithelial water transport, but the role of aquaporin [AQP] family water channels in diarrhoea-predominant diseases is unknown. We investigated the involvement of AQPs in the pathobiology of collagenous colitis [CC], which features chronic, watery diarrhoea despite overtly normal intestinal epithelial cells [IECs].

Methods

We assessed the expression of all AQP family members in mucosal samples of CC patients before and during treatment with the corticosteroid drug budesonide, steroid-refractory CC patients and healthy controls. Samples were analysed by genome-wide mRNA sequencing [RNA-seq] and quantitative real-time PCR [qPCR]. In some patients, we performed tissue microdissection followed by RNA-seq to explore the IEC-specific CC transcriptome. We determined changes in the protein levels of the lead candidates in IEC by confocal microscopy. Finally, we investigated the regulation of AQP expression by corticosteroids in model cell lines.

Results

Using qPCR and RNA-seq, we identified loss of AQP8 expression as a hallmark of active CC, which was reverted by budesonide treatment in steroid-responsive but not refractory patients. Consistently, decreased AQP8 mRNA and protein levels were observed in IECs of patients with active CC, and steroid drugs increased AQP8 expression in model IECs. Moreover, low APQ8 expression was strongly associated with higher stool frequency in CC patients.

Conclusion

Down-regulation of epithelial AQP8 may impair water resorption in active CC, resulting in watery diarrhoea. Our results suggest that AQP8 is a potential drug target for the treatment of diarrhoeal disorders.
Prevalence of permanent pacemaker implantation after conventional aortic valve replacement—a propensity-matched analysis in patients with a bicuspid or tricuspid aortic valve: a benchmark for transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Haunschild Josephina , Misfeld Martin , Schroeter Thomas , Lindemann Frank , Davierwala Piroze , von Aspern Konstantin , Spampinato Ricardo A , Weiss Stefan , Borger Michael A , Etz Christian D
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES

Elective treatment of aortic valve disease by transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is becoming increasingly popular, even in patients with low risk and intermediate risk. Even patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are increasingly considered eligible for TAVR. Permanent pacemaker implantation (PMI) is a known—frequently understated—complication of TAVR affecting 9–15% of TAVR patients with a potentially significant impact on longevity and quality of life. BAV patients are affected by the highest PMI rates, although they are frequently younger compared to their tricuspid peers. The aim of the study is to report benchmark data—from a high-volume centre (with a competitive TAVR programme) on PMI after isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV).

METHODS

We performed a retrospective single-centre analysis on 4154 patients receiving isolated SAVRs (w/o concomitant procedures), between 2000 and 2019, of whom 1108 had BAV (27%). PMI rate and early- and long-term outcomes were analysed. For better comparability of these demographically unequal cohorts, 1:1 nearest neighbour matching was performed.

RESULTS

At the time of SAVR, BAV patients were on average 10 years younger than their TAV peers (59.7 ± 12 vs 69.3 ± 9; P < 0.001) and had less comorbidities; all relevant characteristics were equally balanced after statistical matching. Overall PMI rate was significantly higher in BAV patients (5.4% vs 3.8%; P = 0.03). BAV required PMI exclusively (100%) and TAV required predominately (96%) for persistent postoperative high-degree atrioventricular block. After matching, the PMI rate was similar (5.1% vs 4.4%, P = 0.5). In-hospital mortality in the matched cohort was 1% in both groups. Long-term survival was more favourable in BAV patients (94% vs 90% in TAV at 5 years; 89% vs 82% in TAV at 9 years; P = 0.013).

CONCLUSIONS

With SAVR, the overall incidence of PMI among BAV patients seems significantly higher; however, after propensity matching, no difference in PMI rates between BAV and TAV is evident. The PMI rate was remarkably lower among BAV patients after SAVR compared to the reported incidence after TAVR.
Social inequalities in medical rehabilitation outcomes—a registry-based study on 219 584 insured persons in Germany
Authors: Götz Simon , Wahrendorf Morten , Siegrist Johannes , Dragano Nico
Published: February 2020

Background

Given limited knowledge on the extent of social inequalities in longer-term work ability of people with a chronic disease, this study analyzes social inequalities of three consecutive indicators of work ability following medical rehabilitation in a large sample of insured employees.

Methods

Based on data from the German statutory pension insurance, a representative 20% random sample of all employed persons undergoing medical rehabilitation between 2006 and 2008 was included in a longitudinal analysis (n=219 584 persons). Three measures of consecutive work-related outcomes (physicians’ assessment of work ability at discharge; return to work in the year thereafter; disability pension during follow-up) and socioeconomic position (SEP) (education, occupational position and income) were assessed. Adjusted relative risks (RRs) for each outcome were calculated according to SEP, applying Poisson regression analysis.

Results

The measures of SEP were associated with all three outcomes of work ability in the fully adjusted models. Relatively strongest relationships were observed for education as SEP measure, and they were particularly pronounced for ‘low work ability’ (RR=2.38 for lower secondary education compared to tertiary education; 95% CI: 2.26–2.51). Based on average marginal effects, absolute differences of work ability by SEP indicate a socially graded pattern, with only few exceptions.

Conclusions

Despite Germany’s universal access to medical and vocational rehabilitation social inequalities in longer-term work ability following chronic disease persist, thus calling for targeted programmes of prevention and occupational health promotion.