bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring Early Maladaptive Schemas in Daily Life
Authors: Baxendell Robbert S. , Schmitter Michèle , Spijker Jan , Keijsers Ger P. J. , Tendolkar Indira , Vrijsen Janna N.
Published: February 2025

Background

The theoretical models of Beck and Young predict that Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) are linked to the development and maintenance of mental health problems including depression. The stability of EMSs in daily life are ill-understood despite being a fundamental aspect of cognitive theories. In the current study, we aimed to improve the understanding of EMSs by repeatedly assessing them in daily life under changing contextual triggers and examining the theoretically-grounded associations with mood and rumination.

Methods

Using factor analysis, we developed a 16-item Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) version of the Dutch Young Schema Questionnaire short form (Klynstra et al., 2008). EMSs were assessed six times a day for five days in 90 unselected participants (71% female, Mage = 25.52).

Results

The new EMA-based EMSs questionnaire captured EMSs fluctuations, with 51% of the variance attributed to within-person variations. We assessed the contemporaneous within-person associations between schema activation and negative affect and rumination as well as the impact of a triggering event on schema activation. Stronger EMSs activation was associated with more negative mood and rumination, as well as the occurrence of a recent triggering event.

Conclusions

The findings align with the cognitive models of Beck and Young extending them with daily life data. The results indicate that EMSs have both state and trait-like characteristics, and fluctuations in daily life can be assessed.
Investigating the Connectedness between Oil and Stock Markets in GCC countries: Evidence from Rolling-Window Frequency Domain Causality
Authors: Sezen Serhat , Cevik Emrah I. , Al-Eisa Eisa Abdulrahman , Bugan Mehmet Fatih , Destek Mehmet Akif
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between oil prices and stock markets in GCC countries. We use weekly stock index and crude oil price data from November 21, 2003, to August 6, 2021, to analyze the spillover effect on the returns and variances of these countries. First, the link between the variables is examined using the frequency domain causality test. Since our sample includes important financial episodes such as the global financial crisis and the global COVID-19 pandemic, we employ rolling-window frequency domain causality test to determine whether such causal relationships exist in these financial crises. To the best of our knowledge, the paper is among the first to employ rolling-window frequency domain causality test to investigate the relationship between the variables. The analysis reveals that the Omani, Kuwaiti, and Bahraini stock markets have limited portfolio diversification benefits due to their high dependence on the price of oil. In addition, Saudi Arabia has the most pronounced divergence in the oil price interaction among GCC stock markets. Investors can benefit from the empirical results practical implications, particularly regarding portfolio diversification. The shifting link between oil and stock markets across different countries and time periods underscores the importance of dynamic diversification strategies that adapt to business cycles.
Occurrence of mobulid rays in Northwest Madagascar
Authors: Diamant Stella , Bosio Caterina , Rambahiniarison Joshua , Scarffe Chris , Strogoff Michel , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Bennett Rhett , d’Echon Tanguy Guillemain , Sourisseau Elina , Fidiarisandratra Léonce C. M. , Cerchio Salvatore , Venables Stephanie , Flam Anna , Andrianarisoa Fanja Ratsitoharana , Barba Carlotta , Rasoamananto Irène , Pierce Simon J.
Published: February 2025

The waters around Nosy Be in northwest Madagascar are well-known for the occurrence of large planktivores, such as whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) and Omura’s whales (Balaenoptera omurai). Between 2016 and 2022, sighting data on mobulid rays were opportunistically collected during tourism activities. Additional sources, including citizen science submissions, tourism operator reports, and social media records, were used to compile sightings of three mobulid ray species. A total of 255 encounters were documented, with Mobula mobular (n = 165) being the most common, followed by M. birostris (n = 60) and M. kuhlii (n = 30). Notably, the absence of confirmed M. alfredi records since 2015 suggests a potential local decline. This study highlights Nosy Be as a habitat for mobulid rays and emphasises the necessity for further species monitoring, ongoing identification of potential threats, and management initiatives aiming at reducing mortality from gillnet fishing.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Formats in a Comparative Effectiveness Trial of a Preventive Parenting Program
Authors: Buchanan Gretchen , Simenec Tori , Cai Qiyue , Gewirtz Abigail
Published: February 2025

Parenting can be challenging, and military parents face additional family stressors related to relocations and deployments. ADAPT4U is an evidence-based preventive parenting program specifically designed for military parents of school-aged children. This study examines the feasibility and acceptability of in-person group and telehealth versions of the program. We used quantitative and qualitative data in a concurrent embedded design. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS with regressions and ANOVAs. Qualitative data were thematically coded by multiple authors and then a consensus process was undertaken. Both conditions were highly satisfactory for participants, with in-person group rated slightly higher. Families were more likely to attend telehealth than group, both at all and for at least 50% of sessions. Telehealth participants rated more highly: helpfulness, the facilitator was understanding and responsive, and they would participate in a future parenting program based on their experience. Qualitative results reflected positive experiences both with the content and facilitators, and concerns or recommendations that often were directly addressed by the other format (e.g., suggestions by in-person group participants for a telehealth format). Consistent themes across formats included wanting children to be involved in the program and more follow-up after the end of the program. The ADAPT4U program is highly acceptable to participants, and providing multiple format options (in-person group and individual telehealth) will likely make it more feasible for parents to participate in a way that works best for them.
Modified Patankar Linear Multistep Methods for Production-Destruction Systems
Authors: Izzo Giuseppe , Messina Eleonora , Pezzella Mario , Vecchio Antonia
Published: February 2025

Modified Patankar schemes are linearly implicit time integration methods designed to be unconditionally positive and conservative. In the present work we extend the Patankar-type approach to linear multistep methods and prove that the resulting discretizations retain, with no restrictions on the step size, the positivity of the solution and the linear invariant of the continuous-time system. Moreover, we provide results on arbitrarily high order of convergence and we introduce an embedding technique for the Patankar weights denominators to achieve it.
Analysis of Robust Hybridized Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Viscoacoustic Wave Equations
Authors: Lee Jeonghun J. , Ruiz Bolanos Jesus Indalecio
Published: February 2025

In this paper we study hybridized discontinuous Galerkin methods for viscoacoustic wave equations with a general number of viscosity terms. For viscoacoustic equations rewritten as a first order symmetric hyperbolic system, we develop a hybridized local discontinuous Galerkin method which is robust for the number of viscosity terms. We show that the method satisfies a discrete energy estimate such that the implicit constants in the energy estimate are independent of the number of viscosity terms and the length of simulation time. Furthermore, we show that the sizes of reduced system after static condensation are independent of the number of viscosity terms. Optimal a priori error estimates with the Crank–Nicolson scheme are proved and numerical test results are included.
Optimized cement blend for the immobilization of simulated borate radioactive liquid waste
Authors: Iklaga Gabriel , Rostamiparsa Mojtaba , Tolnai István , Kaposy Nándor , Gméling Katalin , Csipa Emese , Tóbi Csaba , Gável Viktória , Kónya Péter , Szabó Csaba , Fábián Margit , Szabó-Krausz Zsuzsanna , Völgyesi Péter
Published: February 2025

Nuclear power plants use boric acid with different 10B enrichment levels (from natural ratio to 90% 10B) as neutron absorber and at the end this constitutes a high-volume liquid waste. In this study, we aimed to find the optimal ratio of Portland cement and sulfoaluminate cement blend to improve the mechanical and chemical durability of final waste forms for borate immobilization. The standardized ASTM C1308-21 leaching test experimental method in combination with several analytical methods i.e. mechanical test, SEM, XRD, PGAA, ICP-OES, and ICP-MS were used to measure the boron elemental and isotopic leachability and its microstructural effect on the cement hydration characteristics of progressively increasing blend ratios of sulfoaluminate cement in Portland cement. The results indicated that the blend ratio of 20% sulfoaluminate cement to 80% Portland cement showed the best physical stability and lowest boron isotopic leachability from the final waste form.
Yin Yang 1: Function, Mechanisms, and Glia
Authors: Rodríguez-Campuzano Ada G. , Castelán Francisco , Hernández-Kelly Luisa C. , Felder-Schmittbuhl Marie-Paule , Ortega Arturo
Published: February 2025

Yin Yang 1 is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that has been extensively studied given its particular dual transcriptional regulation. Yin Yang 1 is involved in various cellular processes like cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, DNA repair, cell survival and apoptosis among others. Its malfunction or alteration leads to disease and even to malignant transformation. This transcription factor is essential for the proper central nervous system development and function. The activity of Yin Yang 1 depends on its interacting partners, promoter environment and chromatin structure, however, its mechanistic activity is not completely understood. In this review, we briefly discuss the Yin Yang 1 structure, post-translational modifications, interactions, mechanistic functions and its participation in neurodevelopment. We also discuss its expression and critical involvement in the physiology and physiopathology of glial cells, summarizing the contribution of Yin Yang 1 on different aspects of cellular function.
Valorization of C2 + Hydrocarbons Via Plasma Processes
Authors: Cameli Fabio , Stefanidis Georgios D.
Published: February 2025

Hydrocarbon chains produced as byproduct of natural gas extraction and petrochemical processing can be valorised into syngas/H2 and oxygenated fuels in a modular fashion through electrified modular plasma reactors. A plethora of configurations is available for light hydrocarbons reforming, with cold plasma assemblies emerging as the favourite option for both gas-phase and biphasic gas/liquid set-ups. Accurate control of dehydrogenation or partial oxidation reactions is provided by the implementation of a catalyst or through microreactor technology. On the contrary, warm plasma reactors are more suitable for reforming of gasoline/diesel chains, promoting higher throughput of H2 per energy input. This reaction route does not necessarily require the deployment of a catalyst, hence making these systems more suitable for modular, decentralized processes. Online diagnostic techniques shed light on the reaction mechanism, where solid carbon deposits embody a low-value byproduct.
It’s About Time: Parent’s Direct Care for Children in Hispanic Noncitizen Households Across State Immigration Policy Contexts
Authors: Pedroza Juan Manuel , Losada Elena
Published: February 2025

Is parent’s direct care for children more common in state contexts with inclusive policies toward immigrants? If so, among whom do we find such a relationship? We analyze American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data between 2010 and 2019 to investigate whether daily routines involving parent’s direct care for children (e.g., playtime, sports, reading, etc.) vary with different immigration policy contexts. Among parents responding to the ATUS, we find that Hispanic parents in Hispanic noncitizen households are more likely to report having engaged in direct care for their children if they live in states with more inclusive policies toward immigrants. No comparable results apply to households with no Hispanic noncitizens, including non-Hispanic parents (White, Black, or Asian) or Hispanic citizen parents in U.S. citizen households. Our work identifies a possible route to increase the pool of parents engaging in direct care: recent state policies designed to integrate immigrants. Providing Hispanic noncitizen households with a combination of resources and support may help promote direct care for children, including time devoted to children’s developmental care.
Effective integration and models of information: lessons from integrative structure modeling
Authors: Bolinska Agnes , Sali Andrej
Published: February 2025

Integrative structure modeling is a method for using information from multiple sources to compute structural models of biomolecular systems. It proceeds via four steps: (i) defining the model representation, which determines the variables whose values will be computed; (ii) constructing a function for scoring alternative models according to how well they accommodate input information; (iii) searching a space of candidate models for acceptable models; and (iv) analyzing acceptable models to evaluate their fit with input information. These steps are iterated until a model adequate for addressing biological questions is found. In this paper, we draw lessons from integrative modeling about effective integration and about modeling. We describe what it means to integrate information from multiple sources: Integration amounts to distributing information among the four steps of integrative modeling. Theory and data alike can be sources of information; this process thus generates models of information, rather than models of theory or models of data. We then propose heuristics for distributing information and designing multiple iterations of modeling. Effective iteration requires prioritizing the most reliable information and minimizing the time required to obtain an adequate model. Rather than being constructed from theory and assessed using data, models are constructed from any available information and assessed in a coherentist manner.
Yeast extract elicitation enhances growth and metabolite production in Limonium algarvense callus cultures
Authors: Lescano Leonardo , Cziáky Zoltán , Custódio Luísa , Rodrigues Maria João
Published: February 2025

Limonium algarvense Erben, a medicinal halophyte, holds significant pharmacological promise due to its rich bioactive compound repertoire. This study aimed to establish robust callus cultures as a sustainable, in vitro model for studying the plant's metabolic responses, particularly focusing on synthesising and accumulating primary and secondary metabolites under various elicitation treatments. Callus cultures were initiated from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 1 mg/L picloram for 4 weeks. Afterwards, callus cultures were subjected to two elicitor treatments, including salicylic acid–SA and yeast extract–YE at 50 and 100 mg/L for four weeks. Water extracts were assessed for their shifts in primary (total soluble sugars and proteins, and proline), and secondary metabolism (total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins). In addition, a detailed metabolic profiling was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS/MS). Elicitation induced significant shifts in the metabolite synthesis of elicited cultures compared to controls. While YE50 markedly increased the callus yield, the total levels of phenolics, flavonoids condensed tannins and total soluble proteins, the SA50 led to the highest increase in proline content. Metabolomic analysis identified 10 metabolites, including 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, riboflavin (Vitamin B2), and dihydroferulic acid methyl ester 4-O-sulfate, that were increased in the YE50 elicitation treatment. This suggests that elicitation can effectively enhance the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in L. algarvense callus cultures, offering great potential for nutritional and medicinal applications.
Investigation of Hydraulic Characteristics of Stepped Labyrinth Weirs under Fixed Crest Length
Authors: Aydin Mehmet Cihan , Ulu Ali Emre , Işık Ercan
Published: February 2025

Labyrinth weirs can pass more flow than conventional weirs with fixed openings for the same headwater, thanks to their increased crest length. However, nappe interference and local submergence in downstream cycles reduce discharge efficiency. This study experimentally and numerically investigated stepped-in-plan labyrinth weirs, designed to minimize these issues. Four stepped weirs and a diagonal linear weir were tested under the same crest length and free overflow conditions, and compared with conventional labyrinth weirs. The results showed that, for constant crest length and head, discharge efficiency decreases with more steps, mainly due to flow separation and turbulence on the weir walls, unlike traditional labyrinth weirs.
Advancing wound healing: controlled release of tannic acid via epitope imprinted antimicrobial spongy cover material
Authors: Tuna Büşra , Arısoy Pırıl , Oktay Başeğmez Hatice İmge , Baydemir Peşint Gözde
Published: February 2025

The increasing resistance of microorganisms to conventional antibiotics calls for alternative antimicrobial strategies. This study introduces a novel approach to acute wound healing by incorporating epitope-imprinted spongy cover materials with antimicrobial properties, using Tannic acid (TA) as the active agent within biocompatible cryogels imprinted with gallic acid. The spongy materials were synthesized and characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), swelling tests, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to assess their structural and physicochemical properties. The antimicrobial efficacy of the cryogels, loaded with 1.5, 3, 5 mg/mL of TA concentrations, was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, common pathogens in wound infections. The highest inhibition zone was determined to be 15 mm for S. aureus and 12 mm for E. coli. Maximum TA adsorption was 210.27 mg/g for eMIP and 24.74 mg/g for NIP. Cumulative release studies revealed the highest release rate occurred within the first 2 h. TA release kinetics indicated a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Additionally, the biocompatibility and potential cytotoxicity of the spongy materials, including TA-loaded variants, were assessed using the MTT assay on cultured cells. The results confirmed that the spongy materials are non-toxic and do not inhibit cell proliferation, supporting their suitability for acute wound healing. This study demonstrates that TA-loaded epitope-imprinted Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA)-based spongy materials possess antimicrobial properties, making them potential candidates for wound and burn dressing applications.

Graphical Abstract
Physical activity and sedentary behavior of the adult population in the light of some sociodemographic variables and nutritional status based on a study in Hungary
Authors: Vári Beáta , Berki Tamás , Katona Zoltán , Alattyányi István , Katona Zsolt , Petrovszki Zita , Győri Ferenc
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The aim of this study is to explore the level of physical activity, sitting time, and body mass index and their associates with sociodemographic variables in the Southern Great Plain of Hungary.

Methods

3665 participants (1349 men; 2316 women) participated in our study. Their average age was 45.08 (SD = 15.68). Physical activity and sitting time were measuring the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). The participants were also asked about their sociodemographic (e.g., residence, income, etc.) and body mass index.

Results

Our result showed that men had higher total, vigorous, and moderate physical activity levels. Younger adults (18–29) had higher total, vigorous and moderate activity than older adults (65+). Residents of large cities and graduates showed higher levels of physical activity. Higher activity was not linked to higher income, while moderate activity was slightly associated with lower income. Normal BMI was associated with the engaging in high levels of physical activity. Sitting time was higher among young adults, village residents, university graduates, those with moderate incomes, normal BMI, and lower physical activity levels.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated the impact of sociodemographics on physical activity, BMI, and sitting time. The findings were consistent with other Hungarian samples, suggesting that the Southern Great Plain aligns with the national average.
Pollen viability in three Juniperus taxa
Authors: Galgóci Martin , Kormuťák Andrej , Klobučník Miroslav , Gömöry Dušan , Boleček Peter
Published: February 2025

Pollen viability in three Juniperus taxa native to Slovakia was investigated using in vitro germination test. The highest germination percentage and longest pollen tubes were surprisingly found in J. communis var. intermedia (Shur) Sanio which is believed to be a putative hybrid between J. communis var. communis L. and J. sibirica Lodd. Germination rate of the hybrid averaged at 78.70% as compared with 64.96% and 60.83% of the pollen germination in the corresponding parental species. The same tendency holds for the pollen tube length reaching 38.68 μm in the putative hybrid, 31.39 μm in J. communis var. communis and 28.08 μm in J. sibirica. At the taxa level, the above given data were statistically highly significant in both pollen viability characteristics. Highest viability of J. communis var. intermedia pollen does not corroborate the widespread notion postulating reduced fertility of the plant interspecific hybrids. Additional tests are suggested to verify the hybrid nature of the putative hybrid population using DNA based population study and artificial crossing experiments involving the putative parental species J. communis var. communis and J. sibirica.
The Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Saxagliptin as a Candidate Treatment for Disorders of Consciousness: A Deep Learning and Retrospective Clinical Analysis
Authors: Toker Daniel , Chiang Jeffrey N. , Vespa Paul M. , Schnakers Caroline , Monti Martin M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Despite advancements in the neuroscience of consciousness, no new medications for disorders of consciousness (DOC) have been discovered in more than a decade. Repurposing existing US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—approved drugs for DOC is crucial for improving clinical management and patient outcomes.

Methods

To identify potential new treatments among existing FDA-approved drugs, we used a deep learning–based drug screening model to predict the efficacy of drugs as awakening agents based on their three-dimensional molecular structure. A retrospective cohort study from March 2012 to October 2024 tested the model’s predictions, focusing on changes in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores in 4047 patients in a coma from traumatic, vascular, or anoxic brain injury.

Results

Our deep learning drug screens identified saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, as a promising awakening drug for both acute and prolonged DOC. The retrospective clinical analysis showed that saxagliptin was associated with the highest recovery rate from acute coma among diabetes medications. After matching patients by age, sex, initial GCS score, coma etiology, and glycemic status, brain-injured patients with diabetes on incretin-based therapies, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, recovered from coma at significantly higher rates compared to both brain-injured patients with diabetes on non-incretin-based diabetes medications (95% confidence interval of 1.8–14.1% higher recovery rate, P = 0.0331) and brain-injured patients without diabetes (95% confidence interval of 2–21% higher recovery rate, P = 0.0272). Post matching, brain-injured patients with diabetes on incretin-based therapies also recovered at a significantly higher rate than patients treated with amantadine (95% confidence interval for the difference 2.4–25.1.0%, P = 0.0364). A review of preclinical studies identified several pathways through which saxagliptin and other incretin-based medications may aid awakening from both acute and chronic DOC: restoring monoaminergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, reducing brain inflammation and oxidative damage, clearing hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-β, normalizing thalamocortical glucose metabolism, increasing neural plasticity, and mitigating excitotoxic brain damage.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest incretin-based medications in general, and saxagliptin in particular, as potential novel therapeutic agents for DOC. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety in DOC.
Investigation of Dyeing Behaviors of Bio-mordanted Wool Fabric Dyed with Natural Dye
Authors: Eyupoglu Seyda , Eyupoglu Can , Merdan Nigar
Published: February 2025

In this research, green dyeing treatment of wool fabrics was examined with natural dye extracted from Beta vulgaris (beetroot) with an ultrasonic-assisted method. Wool fabric samples were treated with ascorbic acid, sodium carbonate, and tannic acid with different concentrations and durations via the ultrasonic-assisted method before dyeing treatment. The usability of ascorbic acid, sodium carbonate, and tannic acid was investigated as a bio-mordant agent in the natural dyeing process. After the pre-treatment with different substrates, the samples were colored with the natural dye obtained from beetroot for 5 min with the ultrasonic-assisted method. The dyeing parameters’ effects were investigated on the colorimetric and fastness properties. According to the results, Fourier transform infrared spectra indicate that there are no important dissimilarities in the functional groups of wool fabric samples with the pre-mordanting process. The experimental results show that ascorbic acid, sodium carbonate, and tannic acid are used as bio-mordants. Furthermore, the pre-mordanting process, mordant agent type, mordant concentration, and mordanting time had an effect on the fastness and colorimetric behaviors of the samples. Color strength results demonstrated that ascorbic acid mordant improved the color strength of the samples (K/S increased from 3.51 to 4.63), attributing darker shades (lower lightness, L) to the wool fabric. The light fastness of samples improved from 1 to 2 with the use of ascorbic acid for 15 min mordanting time. Furthermore, the best results for color change, washing, and rubbing fastness were obtained by using tannic acid as a mordant and increasing the mordanting time. In addition, the following dyeing characteristics of wool fabrics are estimated using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. In accordance with the experimental outcomes, the suggested approach obtains regression values of more than 0.97 for all dyeing characteristics. As can be shown, the suggested approach is accomplished and can be utilized effectively for predicting colorimetric properties of wool fabric. It has been concluded that the ultrasonic-assisted method is an environmentally sustainable dyeing process of textile fibers, and bio-mordants have rendered the dyeing treatment greener and more sustainable.
What is anti-pluralism?
Authors: Walz Kevin
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the issue of possible early warning signs for democratic regression has become increasingly relevant. In this regard, the focus is often on how democracy-threatening actors can be identified as early as possible. Within this debate, one term has recently emerged again, as various contributions suggest that anti-pluralist actors are in the driver’s seat of democratic backsliding. However, anti-pluralism in this literature usually remains completely undefined, or at least undertheorized. This study intends to contribute to clarifying the theoretical dimension of these issues by specifying anti-pluralism as a concept and discussing its relationships to competing concepts for identifying actors threatening democracy. The conceptual analysis shows that anti-pluralism is best understood as the negation of the benefits of societal diversity and thereby also the functional and normative necessity, purpose, and merit of pluralism as a structure principle. Furthermore, it can be shown that anti-pluralism is a feature of various other isms that are commonly used as indicators to identify actors threatening democracy. I conclude that while anti-pluralism is not necessary for actors to threaten democracy, it is sufficient to identify potentially threatening actors and has advantages over competing markers such as populism and extremism.
Visual Dyslexia
Authors: Stein John
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To revive the idea which was previously generally accepted, that learning to sequence written text visually is the crucial first step in learning to read. But in the last few years the phonological theory of dyslexia (PT) has become dominant. It asserts that DD is due to a psycho-linguistic deficit causing difficulty with grasping the concept of phonemes. This ignores a century of research showing that the development of a network of visual magnocellular neurons (M- cells) that signal the timing of visual events precedes and is essential for the development of phonological awareness.

Recent Findings

We review the cerebral structures with which the visual M- system is associated in reading alphabetic and other scripts and show in each case how their development is impaired in DD. The simplest way to improve M- cell function involves viewing text through yellow or blue filters; we discuss how these may work. Even simpler is improving children’s nutrition; and we discuss some aspects of this. The genes which are associated with the M- system also play an important role in regulating the immune system; hence we discuss how DD is associated with autoimmune conditions such as asthma and eczema and disordered control of inflammation.

There is now a very great weight of evidence demonstrating that visual sequencing of text mediated by the visual magnocellular timing system is the first essential for learning to read, and that impaired development of this system is a major cause of Developmental Dyslexia.
The role of Collagen Tissue Scaffolds in 3D Endometrial-like Culture Systems: Important Contributions to Cell Invasion and Cell Topography
Authors: Kendirci-Katirci Remziye , Sendemir Aylin , Hameş Elif Esin , Vatansever H. Seda
Published: February 2025

Considering the similarity between the invasion processes of cancer cells and embryo implantation, three-dimensional culture models used to study cancer cell invasion can also be applied to embryo implantation studies. In our study, endometrial epithelial cell line (RL95-2) and spheroid-forming trophoblast-like choriocarcinoma cell line (JAR) were cultured on three different biocompatible tissue scaffolds: bacterial cellulose, collagen foam and collagen fibre. These scaffolds are frequently used in cancer cell metastasis and invasion studies, A three-dimensional endometrium-like culture system was established to quantitatively investigate the role of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin and Syndecan-1 proteins in the type 1 epithelial mesenchymal transition mechanism observed during the invasion step of the implantation process. Based on the findings from the three-dimensional cell culture, the bacterial cellulose scaffold promoted the proliferation of RL95-2 cells and delayed JAR spheroid formation. The collagen foam scaffold favored the proliferation of RL95-2 cells and accelerated JAR spheroid formation. The collagen fibre scaffold is important for supporting cell topography and, when combined with collagen foam, may offer a potential solution for investigating 3D endometrium-like culture systems. Immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence analyses showed that scaffolds modulate the invasion process by affecting the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition proteins in cells. The findings suggest that different tissue scaffolds can produce varying effects in endometrium-like culture systems, and combinations of these materials may yield more effective results in future studies. This research represents a critical step in studying cell behavior in 3D culture systems and elucidates the mechanism of endometrial invasion.
ARV1 p.Gln62Ter, a novel mutation linked to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-38
Authors: Neissi Mostafa , Al-Zaalan Ayoob Radhi , Mohammadi-Asl Misagh , Roghani Mojdeh , Mohammadi-Asl Javad , Jorfi Kamele
Published: February 2025

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy is a rare and severe form of inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by various forms of seizures. This condition typically manifests between 4 and 7 months. Recent investigations have established a correlation between mutations in the ARV1 gene and the development of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-38. Here, we report a 4-year-old girl from a consanguineous Iranian family diagnosed with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-38. The patient presented with seizures, microcephaly, and abnormal MRI findings. Despite conventional anti-seizure drugs, seizures persisted from infancy. Tragically, her elder sibling with identical symptoms succumbed to the condition at 11 months. In this case report, we performed whole exome sequencing in an individual diagnosed with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-38 in an Iranian family, revealing a novel homozygous mutation in the ARV1 gene (c.184C > T [p.Gln62Ter] in exon 2, NM_022786.3). Parental carriers displayed no symptoms, underscoring the importance of whole exome sequencing for accurate diagnosis and informed family planning decisions. These findings contribute to the understanding of the genetic spectrum of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-38. The use of whole exome sequencing revealed a rare and likely pathogenic ARV1 gene mutation, emphasizing the significance of this genetic screening method in unraveling the complexities of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.
Simulation and optimization of cold chain logistics system towards lower carbon emission: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Li Fan , Tao Junyu , Wang Qinghua , Guo Wei , Wang Xiaohua , Wang Biyu , Su Hong , Cheng Zhanjun , Yan Beibei , Chen Guanyi
Published: February 2025

Cold chain logistics is an emerging carbon emission source. The transportation section is estimated to generate more than 80% of its total carbon emission. Under the global warming background, a number of simulation and optimization studies have been thus conducted. Lately, cold chain logistics has been greatly aided by the quick advancements in data science and computer science. Consequently, the state-of-the-art developments in cold chain logistics system simulation and optimization were critically assessed in this research. The crucial indicators including optimization models, simulation models, and optimization algorithms were also quantitatively analyzed. It was discovered that, in single-objective optimization, carbon emissions were frequently included in the total cost objective function; but, in multi-objective optimization, they were utilized as a separate objective function. There were many studies on path optimization models, but site selection optimization models started relatively late and had high economic sensitivity, which might be a future trend. The ant colony algorithm was widely used in solving path optimization models. Genetic algorithms played a leading role in optimization algorithms, and they had different improvements and applications under different carbon reduction methods. Under the influence of multiple objective functions and constraints, multi-objective optimization algorithms might be a promising solution. The difficulties in modeling and refining the cold chain logistics system are introduced by the model accuracy, energy supply system revolution, carbon emission calibration, optimization result realization, and application scenarios that still exist. The outlook for the future is presented in terms of both technology orientation and demand orientation.
Perioperative Management of the Patient With Chromosome 6p Duplication: A Case Report And a Narrative Review of Literature
Authors: Hudec Jan , Prokopová Tereza , Galko Michal , Prýmek Martin , Repko Martin , Gál Roman
Published: February 2025

Chromosome 6p duplication syndrome represents a rare genetic disorder. About 50 patients have been described till now. The syndrome is also called trisomy 6p, and it is clinically characterized by short stature with microcephaly, mental retardation, congenital heart defects, or kidney tract anomalies. Epileptic seizures and spine deviations have also been described in a few children. Perioperative management of patients with chromosome 6p duplication can be challenging for all healthcare providers due to the multiorgan disability of the patients. To our knowledge, we report the first case of comprehensive perioperative management of patients with chromosome 6p duplication. Our case report is about a 9-year-old girl scheduled for scoliosis surgery. It discusses individual steps in the preoperative examination, surgery, and postoperative care, including preventing possible complications. This publication aims to show possible options for comprehensive perioperative management of patients with extremely rare syndrome because there are no published studies about perioperative management. Understanding the 6p duplication syndrome may improve the patient's outcome in the perioperative period.
A Prolegomenon to Differential Equations and Variational Methods on Graphs
Authors: van Gennip Yves , Budd Jeremy
Published: February 2025

The use of differential equations on graphs as a framework for the mathematical analysis of images emerged about fifteen years ago and since then it has burgeoned, and with applications also to machine learning. The authors have written a bird's eye view of theoretical developments that will enable newcomers to quickly get a flavour of key results and ideas. Additionally, they provide an substantial bibliography which will point readers to where fuller details and other directions can be explored. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Gender differences in the gap between desired and observed fertility in Spain
Authors: Legazpe Nuria , Davia María A.
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to analyze gender differences in the determinants of the gap between actual and desired fertility in Spain. To this aim, we exploit the 2018 Fertility Survey (EF2018) from the Spanish Statistical Institute (INE). A binary probit model shows that gender differences in the risk (and its pattern) of not reaching the desired family size are generally more pronounced amongst parents than amongst childless adults. For women, a high level of education, a potentially unstable employment situation (as an employee in the private sector) and not living with a partner increases the risk of not having the desired number of children. For men, variables related to income instability or low monthly income cause a more pronounced differential between desired and actual parenthood than amongst women, while neither educational level nor partner status – amongst those who are already fathers – significantly influences their probability of not reaching the desired number of children.
Joint transitivity for linear iterates
Authors: Donoso Sebastián , Koutsogiannis Andreas , Sun Wenbo
Published: February 2025

We establish sufficient and necessary conditions for the joint transitivity of linear iterates in a minimal topological dynamical system with commuting transformations. This result provides the first topological analogue of the classical Berend and Bergelson joint ergodicity criterion in measure-preserving systems.
Exploring the application of the capability approach to the health and well-being of Indigenous Peoples: a scoping review
Authors: Chaparro Rojas Laura Andrea , De La Cruz Pablo Emilio , Chiumento Anna , Van der Boor Catharina Francina , Molina-Bulla Carlos Iván , Baquero Vargas Maria Paula , Sánchez Díaz Giovanna Catalina , Agudelo-Ortiz Diana Marcela , Guevara Morales Luisa Juliana , Aponte-Canencio Diego Mauricio , White Ross G
Published: February 2025

This scoping review synthesizes existing literature on the application of the capability approach (CA) to address the health and well-being of Indigenous Peoples across the globe. Academic and grey literature searches led to the identification of 20 papers for inclusion in the review. Findings reveal a growing interest in applying the CA to Indigenous health and well-being research, highlighting its potential to guide interventions and policies. The included studies indicate that the CA has been applied to individual capabilities such as facilitating access to services and collective capabilities linked to identity and traditional knowledge preservation. A key finding across the reviewed literature is the importance of incorporating Indigenous values into defining programmes and policies aimed at improving Indigenous Peoples’ well-being. The review underscores the varied application of the CA by researchers aligning with the position of either Sen or Nussbaum, leading to contrasting methodological approaches. Results underscore the CA’s potential as a culturally sensitive framework for participatory and locally embedded development of well-being interventions and policies.
Working the Crowd: Citizen Forecasting, Sophistication and Diversity in Canadian Federal and Provincial Elections
Authors: Mongrain Philippe , Fréchet Nadjim , Thompson Collart Brian , Dufresne Yannick
Published: February 2025

According to the “miracle of aggregation” principle, in the absence of systematic biases, errors in individual judgments within a population should cancel each other out and lead to a correct decision at the aggregate level. This article explores potential individual- and group-level correlates of the accuracy of citizens’ electoral expectations and investigates how potential markers of political sophistication—namely, educational attainment and political interest—could be used to improve upon the raw aggregation of citizens’ forecasts using massive survey datasets collected during six Canadian national and provincial election campaigns between 2011 and 2022 (n = 279,003). We find that while educational attainment and interest increase the probability of a correct forecast at the individual level, delegating the forecasting task based on these variables does not necessarily lead to improvements in the accuracy of aggregate-level predictions. At the group level, we fail to uncover any evidence that sociological or informational diversity increases forecasting accuracy.
A novel joint external torque estimate model of the lightweight robot’s joint based on a BP neural network
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Haochong , Shi Yongping , Wang Lei , Zhang Xuanchen , Zhang Jun , Wu Huapeng
Published: February 2025

The safety of human-collaborative operations with robots depends on monitoring the external torque of the robot, in which there are toque sensor-based and torque sensor-free methods. Economically, the classic method for estimating joint external torque is the first-order momentum observer (MOB) based on a physic model without torque sensors. However, uncertainties in the dynamic model, which encompasses parameters identification error and joint friction, affect the torque estimation accuracy. To address this issue, this paper proposes using the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) method to estimate joint external torque without the delicate physical model by utilizing the powerful machine learning ability to handle the uncertainties of the MOB method and improve the accuracy of torque estimation. Using data obtained from the torque sensor to train the BPNN to build up a digital torque model, the trained BPNN can perceive force in practical applications without relying on the torque sensor. In the end, by contrast to the classic first-order MOB, the result demonstrates that BPNN achieves higher estimation accuracy compared to the MOB.
X-ray diffraction characterization of magnetostriction in Terfenol-D
Authors: Rodriguez Mark A. , Faltas Mina , Valdez Nichole R. , Lowry Daniel R.
Published: February 2025

The magnetostrictive response of a Terfenol-D pellet was measured via a laboratory-based X-ray diffractometer. X-ray diffraction patterns were collected from the pellet sample with and without the presence of an applied magnetic field (~30 mT) generated by placing a large magnet under the pellet. A standard reference material, Silicon 640c, was employed as an internal standard. Magnetostriction values of 323 and 227 ppm Δl/l were determined for the (104) and (110) indexed peaks, respectively, assuming a rhombohedral structure for Terfenol-D. A threshold noise level value of ~20 to 30 ppm Δl/l was suggested based on before/after measurements in the absence of the applied field. No clear evidence of domain wall rotation was detected via changes in relative intensities of diffraction peaks in the presence of the applied magnetic field.
Critical configurations of the hard-core model on square grid graphs
Authors: Baldassarri Simone , Jacquier Vanessa , Zocca Alessandro
Published: February 2025

We consider the hard-core model on a finite square grid graph with stochastic Glauber dynamics parametrized by the inverse temperature

$\beta$

. We investigate how the transition between its two maximum-occupancy configurations takes place in the low-temperature regime

$\beta \to \infty$

in the case of periodic boundary conditions. The hard-core constraints and the grid symmetry make the structure of the critical configurations for this transition, also known as essential saddles, very rich and complex. We provide a comprehensive geometrical characterization of these configurations that together constitute a bottleneck for the Glauber dynamics in the low-temperature limit. In particular, we develop a novel isoperimetric inequality for hard-core configurations with a fixed number of particles and show how the essential saddles are characterized not only by the number of particles but also their geometry.
‘Why, Miles, what a funny song! Did I teach you that?’: The Turn of the Screw, Reading, Imagination, and the Uncanny
Authors: MCQUINN JULIE
Published: February 2025

In this article I bring Henry James's novella The Turn of the Screw, Benjamin Britten and Myfanwy Piper's opera based on the novella, and elements of the 2011 Glyndebourne production of the opera into interaction with theories of the uncanny to wonder about the act of reading. This novella and opera thematize reading in connection with the uncanny and the ghostly, providing an opportunity to pursue what might be at stake and what might be possible when boundaries blur and meaning is put in motion. I begin to explore uncanny reading as a tool to unsettle binary logics and one-to-one mappings. I consider the uncanny as connective tissue between theoretical makings related to identity, relationships, and the potentialities of fiction. And I put these ideas into interactive practice as I self-consciously read this opera, to connect to and challenge normative and oppressive forces, impulses, and systems, including cultural scripts, social power structures, and ways of knowing and interacting.