bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Flow Design Approaches on Undergraduates' Computational Thinking During Pair Programming
Authors: Zhou Ruijie , Xie Chong , He Xiuling , Li Yangyang , Fan Qiong , Yu Ying , Yan Zhonghua
Published: July 2024

Computational thinking (CT), an essential competency for comprehending and addressing intricate issues in the digital world, has been incorporated into curriculum planning as a goal for programming education. This study introduced flow design into programming curricula to investigate its impact on undergraduates ’CT skills during pair work. Two types of flow design approaches, construct-by-self flow design (CBS-FD) and construct-on-scaffold flow design (COS-FD), were proposed to determine which approach better enhances students’ CT skills. Seventy-six first-year undergraduates participated, including thirty in the CBS group and thirty-six in the COS group. Evaluations made from the results and processes of programming tasks were employed to describe computational performance and computational practices, respectively. Data gathered from CT skill surveys were thoroughly analyzed to gain a deeper understanding of computational perspectives. Our findings highlighted that COS-FD significantly improved participants' computational performance compared with CBS-FD. The COS groups fostered an engaging, sharing atmosphere, while CBS groups spent more energy on negotiating the manipulation of flow design. Moreover, both COS-FD and CBS-FD proved beneficial in enhancing participants' computational perspectives, with the COS groups better improving their algorithm thinking. The study presents valuable perspectives on the design and implementation of collaborative programming activities within curriculum education.
Olympian women’s representation in U.S. newspapers has improved according to a content analysis of three local dailies
Authors: Dean Jenny , Somaini Francesco
Published: July 2024

A content analysis of news coverage of the Tokyo 2021 Summer Olympics (N = 561) found that three major U.S. dailies ran more stories about women’s than men’s sports, confirming the trend recorded in networked television prime-time programming toward a finally adequate representation of female athletes. The findings suggest that efforts to foster gender equality can help challenge gender stereotypes in the media. The regional differences detected may indicate the reflection of lingering masculine hegemony.
Relevant Issues of Future Educational Psychologists’ Readiness to Design Professional Activities in an Innovative Educational Environment
Authors: Akimkhanova Aliya , Menlibekova Gulbakhyt , Abdramanova Nursulu
Published: July 2024

It’s crucial to boost future educational psychologists’ readiness in project-based competencies, as current training often neglects psychological resources, highlighting the need for enhanced project support in Pedagogy and Psychology education. The paper aims to enhance understanding of psychologist professional development by specifying the concept of “readiness for professional activity design,” defined as the integration and interaction of personality structures and educational environment conditions. The study utilized systematic, structural, functional, and comparative analysis, expert assessments, questionnaires, socio-pedagogical modeling, pedagogical design, education quality diagnostics, and statistical methods for comprehensive research. The paper provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of future educational psychologists’ readiness to design professional activities in the context of a comprehensive study, including a survey of graduate students of the specialisation “Pedagogy and Psychology” of universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as an expert assessment that allows objectively assessing the psychological potential of psychologists-graduates, predict the features of their project work in the educational environment. It emphasizes the importance of the personal component in professional readiness and offers an expert assessment of training effectiveness for educational psychologists in designing activities within educational environments.
Structural Relationship Model of Basic Psychological Needs With Intimate Partner Violence: The Mediating Role of Gender Discrimination and Self-Esteem
Authors: Nikrouy Farzad , Mohammadi Kourosh , Samavi Seyed Abdolvahab
Published: July 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) encompasses a range of abusive behaviors within intimate relationships. This study examines the structural relationships between basic psychological needs and IPV victimization among Iranian women, shedding light on the complex factors contributing to IPV and potential avenues for intervention. Data were gathered from a sample of 306 Iranian women who had experienced IPV, utilizing the Domestic Violence Questionnaire, the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The findings supported the appropriate fit of the proposed model and revealed that basic psychological needs exerted significant direct and indirect effects on IPV victimization, mediated through self-esteem and ambivalent sexism. These results provide valuable new insights into the complex dynamics of IPV victimization and hold promise for the development of targeted interventions aimed at preventing IPV and supporting the well-being of affected individuals. Furthermore, the interpretation of the findings has been revised to avoid any implication of victim-blaming, aligning with the aim of understanding and addressing the structural factors contributing to IPV victimization.
Associations Between PTSD and Depressive Symptoms and Victimization Among Female College Students: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Chesin Megan S. , Cascardi Michele , Gilleran Kait
Published: July 2024

Research on subgroups of female college students who share similar experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization is sparse. The primary aims of the current study are: (a) to identify subgroups of victims related to experience of psychological, physical, and sexual CM and IPV and (b) to test the association between subgroups and depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. Survey data was collected from 327 female students at a public university in the Northeast. Three distinct subgroups, that is, victimization classes, were found using Latent Class Analysis: A lifetime victimization class, comprised of females reporting high rates of CM and IPV across types (19.0% of the sample), a childhood victimization class (26.9%); and a low victimization class (54.1%). Depressive symptom severity was positively associated with lifetime and childhood, relative to low, victimization class membership. PTSD symptom severity was associated with the childhood victimization class relative to both lifetime and low victimization class. Subgroups of institutions of higher education (IHE) females who share CM and IPV victimization experiences are discernable. The co-occurrence of IPV and CM in female college students is not uncommon. PTSD symptom severity may be more related to CM than IPV in IHE female students.
Unveiling the Narratives of Portuguese Professionals Engaged with Domestic Violence Victims: Persistent Challenges and Novel COVID-19 Impacts
Authors: Ferreira Elisabete , Sofia Figueiredo Ana , Santos Anita
Published: July 2024

Domestic violence remains a complex and challenging issue, particularly for professionals engaged in providing support to victims. The occurrence of emergency situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, further exacerbates the difficulties faced by these practitioners. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of professionals working with domestic violence victims, with a specific focus on the primary challenges encountered during interventions. It also aims to identify key guidelines that could enhance their practices. Twenty-four professionals from the domestic violence victim support in Portugal participated in this qualitative research. Through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, the study identified a range of challenges professionals confront in their intervention efforts. These challenges encompassed various aspects of the intervention process, vulnerabilities observed in victims, and the existing support system. Furthermore, the study uncovered specific challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Alongside these challenges, the research highlighted a set of recommendations designed to refine intervention strategies and promote better professional adaptation. The findings underscore the array of challenges that professionals grapple with, impacting both their strategies for intervention and their overall well-being. Thus, the development of effective intervention methodologies for professionals and organizations emerges as a crucial endeavor, essential for assisting domestic violence victims in their daily lives and enhancing preparedness for potential future crises.
Sexual Violence and Revictimization in Rural LGBTQ+ Communities
Authors: Tillewein Heather , Luckey Georgia , Miller Kyle , Jenkins Wiley
Published: July 2024

Previous research has shown there is a high prevalence of sexual violence (SV) and revictimization among the LGBTQ+ community. Little is known about the prevalence of SV and revictimization among rural LGBTQ+ individuals. This study investigates patterns of revictimization and the prevalence of SV among sexual and gender minority individuals. Less resources, services, and more social isolation in rural areas may exacerbate SV. The Illinois Cohort Study is a longitudinal cohort made up of LGBTQ+ individuals with recruitment from June to September 2022. Individuals that have met the screening criteria were delivered a series of surveys for completion, after obtaining consent and given an incentive for their participation. Survey questions on intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and revictimization were collected and described using descriptive statistics. Rural areas were defined as having a population less than 50,000. A total of N = 74 participants responded to the third survey. There were 46% of participants who identified as non-cisgender, and roughly 48% of participants identified as bisexual, pansexual, or other. There were 58% of participants who experienced some form of SV. Factors significantly associated with SV included age, gender, and total Adverse Childhood Experience score ( p < .001, .0278, and .002, respectively). There were 70% of participants who reported experiencing SV more than once. Those who reported being sexually victimized more than once reported the abuse lasting an average of 11 years. There were 46% of participants who felt unsafe or trapped in their current relationship. Lesbian (31%) or bisexual (31%) participants were significantly more likely to report feeling afraid in their relationship ( p = .041). This study showed that in rural areas, SV is prevalent among LGBTQ+ individuals. Data can be used to produce interventions and resources to reduce the prevalence of SV and revictimization among rural LGBTQ+ individuals.
Concordance of Mother and Father Reports of Intimate Partner Violence and Observed Interactions in Unmarried Black Coparents Expecting Their First Child
Authors: Stover Carla Smith , Salman-Engin Selin , McCaskill Carter William , Buck Kendall , McHale James
Published: July 2024

Concordance between partner reports of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is generally low, but self-reporting of IPV and concordance between partners among expectant parents in marginalized communities has not been explored, nor have associations among each partner’s reports of IPV and their behaviors in observed conflict discussions. This study will examine these gaps. One hundred and thirty-eight low-income, unmarried, Black, coparenting dyads expecting their first child together (136 mothers and 136 fathers) completed the Revised-Conflict Tactics Scale and a video recorded and coded conflict discussion. There was low concordance between parent’s reports of IPV overall with moderate levels of concordance for coparents who were living together and had more harmonious relationships. Linear regression analyses indicated only mothers’ reports of fathers’ psychological and physical IPV but not fathers’ reports of IPV were significantly associated with observed negative communication. Neither coparents’ reports of psychological or physical IPV were associated with positive communication during a conflict discussion. These findings suggest that at the time of parenthood transitions, mothers’ reports of fathers’ IPV behaviors may be more robust in their association with negative/unhealthy couple communication patterns than fathers’ reports and should be used when making safety determinations with families.
“Being My Own Pillar of Support”: How Palestinian-Arab Women Citizens of Israel Cope With IPV
Authors: Midhat-Najami Nihal , Goldner Limor , Lev-Wiesel Rachel , Saint-Arnault Denise
Published: July 2024

Studies on the ways in which women implement coping strategies to recover from intimate partner violence have primarily focused on Western, non-collectivistic societies. To contribute to the scant literature on coping strategies among women in traditional-collectivistic societies, the current study applied the principles of Clinical Ethnographic Narrative Interview to analyze the experiences of 15 Palestinian-Arab citizens of Israel as these women confronted violence within marriage. This exploration is situated within the backdrop of entrenched collectivistic traditional norms and the broader context of the enduring Israeli-Arab conflict. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis revealed three themes that translated into a transformative three-phase coping model. The first theme covers navigating violent relationships through avoidance, emotional encapsulation, and cognitive reframing. The second theme describes strategies to mitigate violence and its consequences, including escapist and immediate departure, sustained fulfillment of duties, and maintaining hope amid adversity. The third theme characterizes strategies aimed at achieving self-care and self-empowerment. The findings highlight the importance of acknowledging women’s definition of coping and recovery within their cultural constraints as they chart their coping trajectories.
Justification of Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Nigeria: How Does it Differ by Socioeconomic Status?
Authors: Olalude Gbenga Adelekan , Olayinka Hammed Abiola , Esiegbe Emmanuel Oluwasegun , Adebiyi Aliu Adeniran
Published: July 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant challenge that has a profound impact on women, and a contributing factor to its high prevalence is the justification of IPV. Various research works have shown that women’s socioeconomic status (SES) is connected to IPV justification. The major objective of this study is to investigate the socioeconomic disparities in justification of IPV by women in Nigeria. The study involved an analysis of the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data using a sample comprising 116,958 women. The study utilized chi-square tests and logistic regression as the classical test, and the Bayesian Regression Model in Stan for its analysis. The results were presented using odds ratios along with the 95% confidence limits. The study found that the occurrence of IPV justification by women in Nigeria stood at 32.9%. Additionally, it shows a significant but weak relationship between women’s age and the justification of IPV. Controlling for covariates, women who lacked formal education possess a higher likelihood of justifying IPV with a 54% increase in odds in comparison to women with a higher education level. The study also found that women in the poorest wealth category had a 17% increase in odds of justifying IPV compared to women in the middle-class category, indicating a concerning trend of tolerance toward domestic violence among women with lower SES. IPV has detrimental effects on women and their children. To combat this issue, programs aimed at contextualizing IPV, improving women’s SES, advocating for the end of IPV, and empowering women are highly important. Ultimately, IPV is unjustifiable, regardless of the rationale behind it, and action is needed to reduce the victimization of women within our societies.
Understanding Help-Seeking Behavior Among Intimate Partner Violence Victims in Nigeria
Authors: Spencer Chelsea M. , Oyediran Kola’ , Stith Sandra M.
Published: July 2024

This study sought to examine help-seeking behaviors among Nigerian women who had experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Out of 3,802 women who reported that they had experienced IPV in the past year, two-thirds (67%) of the women did not seek any help, 31% sought informal help, and only 1.9% sought formal help. A multinomial regression was run in order to examine factors associated with seeking formal help or informal help, with seeking no help used as the reference group. Higher education, witnessing their father hit their mother, husband’s controlling behaviors, experiencing physical IPV, and having a physical injury were all related to informal help-seeking compared to seeking no help. Witnessing their father hit their mother, experiencing physical IPV, and physical injury were associated with formal help-seeking. The results of this study can potentially be used to reduce barriers to help-seeking among women who have experienced IPV in Nigeria. Implications are discussed.
Theorizing Feminist Abolitionist Approaches to Gender-Based Violence: A Descriptive Case Study of Gender-Based Violence in SportsWorld
Authors: Mirance Katie , Foltz Katelyn E. , Hattery Angela J. , Kiss Marissa , Smith Earl
Published: July 2024

Gender-based violence has long been a concern for feminist scholars and activists. Second-wave feminists agitated for the criminalization of violence, and more recently, feminist abolitionists have articulated the dangers and risks of relying on the criminal legal system to effectively address gender-based violence. Here we theorize the application of feminist abolitionist principles for addressing gender-based violence in the institution of sports in the United States, with the goal of addressing harm and reducing future acts of violence. After analyzing data from our unique data set, which documents gender-based violence in college and professional sports and tracks noncarceral sanctions imposed by professional leagues, teams, and colleges, our analysis reveals few consequences for perpetrators coupled with relatively high rates of serial abuse. Despite failures in the implementation of these noncarceral sanctions, we theorize the potential of sport organizations to intervene in and prevent gender-based violence in ways that advance feminist abolitionist goals.
How Do NGOs Choose Their Partners? The Role of Homophily in a Transnational Advocacy Network on Climate Change
Authors: Hadden Jennifer , Jasny Lorien
Published: July 2024

How do non-governmental organizations (NGOs) choose their partners when working in transnational advocacy networks? This case hypothesizes that NGOs form homophilous partnerships to minimize risk from cooperation. It employs two-mode exponential random graph models to examine the original data regarding the activities, attributes, and partnerships of NGOs sponsoring transnational advocacy events on climate change. The paper finds that homophily is a significant driver of partnership formation in transnational advocacy networks, even when controlling for relevant confounders, such as the differential tendency for groups to form partnerships, the varying attractiveness of the events on which the partnerships are formed, and geographic propinquity. It also finds that value-based homophily tends to be the strongest driver of partnership formation and that homophily is not generally conditional on event risk. These findings speak to the challenge of diversity in transnational advocacy networks, with implications for problem-solving and advocacy.
‘Difficult to Divulge’: The Impact of Organisational Silence around the Menopause
Authors: Collins Helen , Barry Susan Helen , Grace
Published: July 2024

This article presents an account of one woman’s experience of the menopause. Affecting 51% of the global population, menopause has the potential to negatively impact home and work life. Yet, the arrival of menopause can often be a surprise due to a lack of education and awareness. Over 63% of UK working women claim menopause has negatively affected their careers, yet only 30% of employers support women to work through the menopause, and the cost to business and to women’s health is significant. Shrouded in silence, the menopause is often misunderstood, and taboo exists. Therefore, women do not divulge, and many leave their jobs unsupported. Through Grace’s story, this article explores how women’s hormone health can affect work and by opening up conversations and raising awareness, as we have with mental health, it is possible to eradicate the silence behind the taboo.
Multiresponse optimization and network-based prediction modelling for the WEDM of AM60B biomedical material
Authors: Mariya Louis Diviya , Manivel Subramanian , Seeniappan Kaliappan , L Natrayan
Published: July 2024

The AM60B magnesium alloy remains a pivotal player in the pursuit of lighter, biodegradable and more sustainable solutions for various biomedical implants because of its excellent machinability, exceptional strength and resistance to degradation. However, AM60B magnesium alloys exhibit poor machinability when machined by conventional methods, since they are susceptible to deformation and degradation at elevated temperatures. The current work focused on multiresponse optimization for AM60B magnesium alloys for wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), where multiple output variables including the machining rate, surface irregularity, and microindentation hardness, were considered simultaneously. Response surface methodology (RSM) along with artificial neural network (ANN) were utilized to investigate the effect of these parameters on the control of these output characteristics. The findings demonstrated the best combination of input specifications, with a discharge duration of 112.743 µs, a spark gap time of 57.6532 µs, a discharge voltage of 6.63 V and a wire advance rate of 5.39357 mm/min which yielded the best surface irregularity, microindentation hardness, and machining rate from the RSM. ANN and RSM models were effective in simulating the experiments, with predicted values closely aligning with the experimental results. An optimally trained network model exhibited good agreement with a mean error less than 5%. Additionally, the condition of the machined surface, including any cracks, voids, or other flaws, was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Prediction of emission and performance of internal combustion engine via regression deep learning approach
Authors: Soltanalizadeh Samaneh , Yazdi Mohammad Reza Haeri , Esfahanian Vahid , Nejat Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Strict environmental laws increase the importance of reducing emissions. While; improving three-way catalyst (TWC) technology can help reduce emission levels, attention should also be given to reducing exhaust gases before they enter the TWC. This can be achieved through the development of engine technology and calibration strategies. By doing so, low-cost TWC can be used, and emissions increase less after catalyst aging. In addition to reducing emissions at the engine-out stage before entering the TWC, it is important to reduce emissions after the TWC during the cold start and engine warm-up phase, known as the TWC light-off period. During this stage, the TWC does not reach optimal working efficiency, which can result in higher emissions. Therefore, to comply with environmental regulations, it is necessary to calculate the reduction of emissions while maintaining optimal engine and vehicle performance. Finding the optimal values of control parameters to reduce fuel consumption and emissions simultaneously makes engine calibration a complex multi-objective optimization problem. To meet calibration requirements, it is essential to accurately identify the nonlinear and multivariable behavior of engines. Thus, this study focuses on empirical engine modeling and developing an emissions model for internal combustion engines in both warm and cold engine conditions through an intelligent identification method. To enhance steady state engine modeling in warm conditions, this study proposes a hybrid MLP+CNN method based on the benefits of regression deep neural network. Additionally, the hybrid MLP+CNN+LSTM method adds a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, enabling the model to capture the dynamic behavior of emissions during cold start conditions and under the impact of oxygen storage and the temperature in TWC. The results demonstrate that these approaches significantly improve the accuracy of emission modeling when compared to conventional methods. The results demonstrate that using the deep learning approach and dividing the engine emission modeling into two parts, static in warm conditions and dynamic in cold conditions, significantly improve the accuracy of emission modeling compared to conventional methods. Developed models can be used in the model-based calibration due to their high accuracy in emission prediction as well as predicting Torque, BSFC, and other outputs. By coupling the developed model with optimization techniques, calibration of the engine map and cold start can be performed by considering the emissions, torque, etc., simultaneously.
Influence of filler-reinforced carbon fibers on the frictional properties of composite synchronizer rings
Authors: Li Qinghua , Wang Chunyu , Xiao Kai , Ma Chunlu , Zhang Shihong
Published: July 2024

This paper combines the processing of composite synchronizer ring and carbon fiber cloth pre-preg process to study the friction mechanism after adding filler in carbon fiber cloth of composite synchronizer ring, so as to improve the friction and wear performance of composite synchronizer ring. In order to increase the friction factor and thermal stability of composite synchronizer ring friction material two ways as an entry point, select the friction reducing filler in the good thermal conductivity of copper powder and friction increasing filler in the barite as the experimental filler in this paper. The results show that the friction temperature of the composite synchronizer ring without filler is higher and the wear is bigger, the composite synchronizer ring with barite as the filler is second, and the composite synchronizer ring with copper powder as the filler has the best effect of temperature reduction and wear reduction. In the shift force of 400 N, speed difference of 350 r/min, experimental time of 250 min conditions, adding copper powder to reduce the wear volume of about 10%, the friction coefficient is more stable average value decreased by about 0.02, only reduced by about 5%, which is better than the barite as a filler of 0.045; and from the surface quality of the composite synchronizer ring with copper powder as a filler the surface texture is clear. Still has a good oil storage and drainage capacity, can effectively improve the composite synchronizer ring wear resistance and service life. Barite as filler composite synchronizer ring initial friction coefficient is slightly higher, but the coefficient of friction decreased by about 20%, the composite synchronizer ring scratches and local carbon fiber shedding phenomenon, resulting in irreversible performance degradation.
Long-short-time domain torque optimal prediction and allocation method for electric logistics vehicles with electro-hydraulic composite steering system
Authors: Liang Weihe , Zhao Wanzhong , Wang Chunyan , Luan Zhongkai
Published: July 2024

The electro-hydraulic composite steering system can reduce steering energy consumption through cooperative control of electro-hydraulic mechanisms, an inevitable trend for global commercial vehicles and green logistics. However, in cooperative control, the electro-hydraulic coupling characteristics not only lead to an increase in system energy consumption but also cause fluctuations in system speed during electro-hydraulic switching. In response to the above issues, this paper proposes a long-short-time domain steering mode selection and torque optimal allocation strategy that integrates long-time domain steering mode selection and short-time domain torque allocation. In the long-term domain, with steering energy consumption as the optimization indicator, the optimal steering mode is selected through a steering mode selection model based on the CNN-LSTM network to reduce steering energy consumption. In the short time domain, the Holt Winter exponential smoothing and support vector regression methods are combined for torque prediction, and the steering energy consumption and electro-hydraulic switching smoothness indicators are comprehensively considered. The electro-hydraulic torque distribution ratio is dynamically optimized in the rolling time domain to reduce the fluctuation of hydraulic pump speed during electro-hydraulic switching. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the switching smoothness of the electro-hydraulic composite steering system and reduce the system’s overall energy consumption by 54.1%.
The notion of excessive childhood restlessness in Spain at the beginning of the twentieth century
Authors: Escamilla Lerner Joana , de Castro-Manglano Pilar , León-Sanz Pilar
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the historical documentation from 1900 to 1936 by Spanish doctors and educators concerning children’s hyperactivity. By focusing on medical perspectives of the time, we aim to explore the conceptualisation of childhood phenomenology within the context of significant international literature of that era. The publications of doctors Jerónimo Moragas and Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora, along with educators Augusto Vidal Perera and José Sarmiento Lausén, will be examined to understand the medical and educational approaches to childhood restlessness. Additionally, the study will review diverse perspectives on this disorder. The research also highlights a noticeable gap in the assistance provided to these children. Ultimately, the article provides insights into how society and childcare professionals addressed the phenomenon of childhood hyperactivity.
Highly efficient maximum-likelihood identification methods for bilinear systems with colored noises
Authors: Li Meihang , Liu Ximei , Fan Yamin , Ding Feng
Published: July 2024

This paper mainly discussed the highly efficient iterative identification methods for bilinear systems with autoregressive moving average noise. Firstly, the input-output representation of the bilinear systems is derived through eliminating the unknown state variables in the model. Then based on the maximum-likelihood principle, a maximum-likelihood gradient-based iterative (ML-GI) algorithm is proposed to identify the parameters of the bilinear systems with colored noises. For improving the computational efficiency, the original identification model is divided into three sub-identification models with smaller dimensions and fewer parameters, and a hierarchical maximum-likelihood gradient-based iterative (H-ML-GI) algorithm is derived by using the hierarchical identification principle. A gradient-based iterative (GI) algorithm is given for comparison. Finally, the algorithms are verified by a simulation example and a practical continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) example. The results show that the proposed algorithms are effective for identifying bilinear systems with colored noises and the H-ML-GI algorithm has a higher computational efficiency and a faster convergence rate than the ML-GI algorithm and the GI algorithm.
Lessons for an invisible future from an invisible past: Risk and resilience in deep time
Authors: Barton C Michael , Aura-Tortosa J Emili , Garcia-Puchol Oreto , Riel-Salvatore Julien , Ullah Isaac
Published: July 2024

The interrelated concepts of risk and resilience are inherently future-focused. Two main dimensions of risk are the probability that a harmful event will happen in the future and the probability that such an event will cause a varying degree of loss. Resilience likewise refers to the organization of a biological, societal, or technological system such that it can withstand deleterious consequences of future risks. Although both risk and resilience pertain to the future, they are assessed by looking to the past – the past occurrence of harmful events, the losses incurred in these events, and the success or failure of systems to mitigate loss when these events occur. Most common risk and resilience measures rely on records extending a few decades into the past at most. However, much longer-term dynamics of risk and resilience are of equal if not greater importance for the sustainability of coupled socioecological systems which dominate our planet. Historical sciences, including archeology, are critical to assessing risk and resilience in deep time to plan for a sustainable future. The challenge is that both past and future are invisible; we can directly observe neither. We present examples from recent archeological research that provide insights into prehistoric risk and resilience to illustrate how archeology can meet this challenge through large-scale meta-analyses, data science, and modeling.
Archaeological landscapes and long-term settlements in the Perputxent valley (eastern Iberia): Exploring land use strategies and sustainability in a Mediterranean mountain area
Authors: Grau Mira Ignasi , Sarabia-Bautista Julia , Avilés Eneko Iriarte , Narbarte-Hernández Josu
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present the long-term occupation of the Perputxent Valley with the purpose of exploring the factors that could explain the long-lasting and trans-cultural occupation of resilient sites and landscapes for nearly two millennia. The first part describes the archaeological research carried out based on remote sensing and intensive coverage survey methods and geoarchaeological analysis. The characterisation of the intensive agricultural uses has been studied from the geochemical analysis of the soil and sedimentary record. The objective is to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental processes and the possible evidence of the agricultural practices. This research has identified the residential spaces, the sites and the agrarian land-uses, especially intensive farmlands. The second part analyses the evidence of this long-term settlements in the context of the archaeological, ethnographic and historical record of the region. Understanding these practices of agriculture and land-use can contribute to understandings of what makes societies sustainable.
Knowledge and use of MOOCs for teaching by library and information science educators in higher educational institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Olatokun Wole Michael , Oladokun Bolaji David , Adetayo Adebowale Jeremy
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the knowledge and use of MOOCs for teaching among Library and Information Science educators in Nigerian Higher Educational Institutions. A cross-sectional survey of 85 LIS educators across Nigerian universities was conducted. The findings reveal a moderate level of conceptual familiarity with MOOCs but limited applied knowledge of pedagogical integration. While institutional support and student usage of MOOCs are present, direct incorporation into instructor-led curricula is lacking. The results reveal a mix of perceived barriers, with a lack of awareness about available MOOCs and insufficient institutional support emerging as the closest to moderate concerns. However, factors like content quality issues, increased workload demands, costs, and doubts about student motivation did not appear to be major impediments. The results highlight the need for comprehensive professional development, locally relevant MOOC content development, institutional policies incentivizing MOOC adoption, and further research on student outcomes. This study contributes insights into the current MOOC landscape within Nigerian LIS education and provides recommendations for stakeholders to facilitate more effective integration of these online learning platforms.
Emergence and evolution of data literacy: Insights from a bibliometric study
Authors: Fernández-Pascual Rosaura , Pinto Maria , García Marco Francisco Javier
Published: July 2024

This study aims to contribute to the pertinent body of knowledge by examining the field of data literacy (DL) to better understand its trends and evolution, thematic clusters, relevant studies and the most productive authors and journals. The analysis of scientific literature indexed by Web of Science from 1980 to 2023 ( n = 1704 items) combined co-occurrence (using VOSviewer) and co-citation (using CiteSpace) techniques based on the words in the title and abstract, as well as the keywords, authors and journals. There is evidence of four main trend topics (Data Literacy, Statistical Literacy, Data-based assessment and e-society) and six thematic clusters (Data Literacy, Statistical Literacy, Quantitative Literacy, Big Data, Data Science and Quantitative Skills). With DL emerging in 2011, the research initially focused on both quantitative and statistical literacy, and later (2012–2016) shifted toward applying statistical literacy to various disciplines. Since 2018, the use of data has led to the emergence of fields like big data and data science, resulting in progress being made in data literacy. The combination of the two analysis techniques offers complementary perspectives: co-word analysis reveals fields of application, and co-citation analysis shows the internal evolution of the discipline. This study evidences a significant increase in publications on DL, indicating its expansion to several disciplines and a promising, yet uncertain, future.
Moisture content of Panax notoginseng taproot predicted using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Fujie , Li Shanshan , Shi Lei , Li Lixia , Cui Xiuming
Published: July 2024

The rapid determination of moisture content in Panax notoginseng taproot (PNT) was determined using a portable near infrared spectrometer (900∼1700 nm). First, to reduce baseline offset of the spectra Savitzky-Golay and standard normal variate transformation were combined to preprocess the original spectral data. Then, competitive adaptive reweighting sampling and bootstrapping soft shrinkage (BOSS) were employed to extract feature wavelengths that could characterize the moisture content information of PNT respectively. Finally, the least square support vector regression (LSSVR) model was established based on feature spectra and full spectra. To improve the prediction accuracy of the model, a LSSVR model based on the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) was proposed, and the optimization results were compared with those of the snake optimizer and particle swarm optimization. The results indicated that the best prediction model was BOSS-AOA-LSSVR, with r2 and RMSEP values of 0.96 and 0.03%, respectively. Thus, it is feasible to predict the moisture content of Panax notoginseng taproot by portable near infrared spectroscopy in combination with BOSS-AOA-LSSVR. The results show that portable near infrared spectroscopy can be used to predict the moisture content of Panax notoginseng taproot, which provides a theoretical basis for the rapid and non-destructive detection of the moisture content of Panax notoginseng taproots.
The Role of Philosophical Tools in Nursing Research
Authors: Meadows Keith A.
Published: July 2024

The objective of this article is to illustrate the importance of the role philosophy and its tools play in the designing and undertaking of nursing research and its importance to be understood by the practicing researcher to ensure the selected methodology and the tools used provide the framework for obtaining reliable and valid answers to their research questions. The article discusses the three major paradigms (Positivism, Interpretivism, and Pragmatism) which have characterized much of health-related research together with a set of essential and practical tools with no metaphysical assumptions that will hopefully provide an explicit framework and a nomenclature which can be applied as we proceed through the research process.
Continuous Norming Approaches: A Systematic Review and Real Data Example
Authors: Urban Julian , Scherrer Vsevolod , Strobel Anja , Preckel Franzis
Published: July 2024

Norming of psychological tests is decisive for test score interpretation. However, conventional norming based on subgroups results either in biases or require very large samples to gather precise norms. Continuous norming methods, namely inferential, semi-parametric, and (simplified) parametric norming, propose to solve those issues. This article provides a systematic review of continuous norming. The review includes 121 publications with overall 189 studies. The main findings indicate that most studies used simplified parametric norming, not all studies considered essential distributional assumptions, and the evidence comparing different norming methods is inconclusive. In a real data example, using the standardization sample of the Need for Cognition-KIDS scale, we compared the precision of conventional, semi-parametric, and parametric norms. A hierarchy in terms of precision emerged with conventional norms being least precise, followed by semi-parametric norms, and parametric norms being most precise. We discuss these findings by comparing our findings and methods to previous studies.
Developing and Evaluating a Situated Assessment Instrument for Trichotillomania: The SAM2 TAI
Authors: Taylor Browne Lūka Courtney , Hendry Katie , Dutriaux Léo , Stevenson Judith L. , Barsalou Lawrence W.
Published: July 2024

Measuring trichotillomania is essential for understanding and treating it effectively. Using the Situated Assessment Method (SAM2), we developed a psychometric instrument to assess hair pulling in situations where it occurs. In two studies, pullers evaluated their pulling in relevant situations, along with how much they experience factors that potentially influence it (e.g., external triggers, reduction in negative emotion, negative self-thoughts). Individual measures of pulling, averaged across situations, exhibited high test reliability, construct validity, and content validity. Large differences between situations in pulling were observed, along with large individual-situation interactions (with limited evidence distinguishing focused versus automatic pulling subtypes). In linear regressions for individual participants, factors that influence pulling tended to correlate with pulling as predicted, explaining a median 74%–83% of its variance. By identifying factors that predict pulling for each individual across situations, the SAM2 Trichotillomania Assessment Instrument (TAI) offers a rich understanding of an individual’s pulling experience, potentially supporting individualized pulling interventions.
Turning the Tables: Using Students’ Motivation to Escape Work to Improve Task Productivity and Accuracy
Authors: Maag John W. , Daly Edward J.
Published: July 2024

Differential negative reinforcement of alternative behavior is a technique in which students can escape a portion of a task they perceive to be unpleasant by reaching a predetermined criterion. In this article, we define the negative reinforcement trap and review research on differential negative reinforcement of alternative behavior. We then describe procedural steps for teachers to effectively prevent students from escaping tasks or activities they find unpleasant as well as increase work accuracy and productivity.
Humility, Textuality, and Method in Phenomenological Research
Authors: van Manen Michael
Published: July 2024

Have you ever been overcome with a profound feeling of humility? Perhaps this moment was unexpected or surprising, giving itself as an insight, reverence, or awe. You feel humbled. But now it seems that this feeling itself has strangely turned into some kind of opening, a sensibility, a method even. For a text, we may consider humility as a quality, recognizing it goes beyond the pairing of author and reader. The focus of this article is to explore humility as a method for qualitative inquiry that moves the temporal moment of writing to the meaningful core of a textorium.
Feeling or Funding? Critical Coproduction, Rationality, Emotionality, and Axiological Reflections
Authors: Hiemstra Marit , Matthews Christopher R.
Published: July 2024

Coproduced research is at risk of becoming, and has perhaps already become, a ‘mere buzzword’, separated from its social and academic value. We argue this is connected to two things: the structuring of contemporary, particularly Global Northern, academia, and the traditional, dichotomous, and false intellectual separation of rationality from emotionality. Our modest attempt to tackle these problems come in the form of an extended critical discussion of coproduction and a social theoretical account of the emotions. These sections provide something of a ‘ground clearing’, based upon which, we illustrate our thesis with two personal accounts about how we came to value coproduction as a fundamentally moral and ethical way to approach our research. We conclude by appealing to colleagues to join us in attempting to undermine the empty and tokenistic use of coproduction by openly and honestly discussing the axiological and emotional foundations from which they work.
Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices on CLABSI prevention in the Intensive Care Unit: An observational study
Authors: Muschitiello Vito , Marseglia Carmela , Cusanno Luisa , Termine Monica , Morgigno Aurora , Schingaro Martina , Calamita Maurizio
Published: July 2024

Background:

Management of central venous catheters (CVC) is a frequent procedure in intensive care units (ICUs) and the risk of bloodstream infections (CLABSI) is found to be high. The literature provides healthcare professionals with guidelines to prevent the risk of CLABSI infections. The aim of this study was to observe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of ICU nurses on the prevention of CLABSI.

Methods:

A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2023 and September 2023; the research was carried out among six ICUs in Bari both on the web and in paper mode. The survey consisted of multiple-choice questions structured in two sections: demographic sample data and the 2017 Esposito MR questionnaire, drawn up based on the 2011 guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, consisting of four dimensions: knowledge, attitudes, practices, information.

Results:

121 nurses (57.1%) participated in the study. 72% were unfamiliar with the guidelines, especially nurses aged 41–50 years (RR = 1.88; CI = 0.78–4.51; p = 0.13) and more than 10 years’ work experience (RR = 1.56; CI = 0.76–3.23; p = 0.20). Regarding attitudes, nurses were aware of the usefulness of the guidelines (Me = 10; IQR = 8–10) and the importance of hand washing for prevention (Me = 10; IQR = 10–10) despite 39.7% ( n = 48) believing that gloves replace hand washing, and there were no statistically significant differences in comparing scores with age, work experience, and educational qualification. 96.7% always substituted dressing for CVC; 120 nurses (99.2%) were always replacing infusion sets and 71.2% always sanitized the access ports before infusions. Finally, 102 participants (84.3%) felt the need to get more information about the prevention of CLABSI.

Conclusions:

We observed a reduced knowledge of the guidelines for the prevention of CLABSI despite the attitudes and practices of the nurses being satisfactory. In addition to implementing training, strategies for disseminating guidelines should be adopted.