bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visibility and invisibility in the aged care sector: visual representation in Australian news from 2018–2021
Authors: Thomson TJ , Miller Evonne , Holland-Batt Sarah , Seevinck Jen , Regi Sam
Published: April 2022

The skyrocketing number and severity of issues in Australian aged care led to the establishment of the Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety in 2018. Yet, compared to other Royal Commissions, media coverage has been relatively muted, and public awareness and engagement with aged care issues has been uneven. Journalists bear a significant responsibility for shaping the national conversation about aged care, and ensuring this demographic is reflected in the news Australians consume. Due to their unique properties, images are especially important in giving visibility to this historically marginalised topic, and to emotionally engaging an often apathetic public. As such, this study focuses on the aged care visuals accompanying Australian news coverage during the period of the Royal Commission's announcement through to four weeks after the government's response. Drawing on the lens of symbolic annihilation, it does this through a visual analysis that examines who or what is represented and the role of news values in shaping the selection of images included with news reports over this period.
Predicting the infection probability distribution of airborne and droplet transmissions
Authors: Yamamoto Miguel , Kawamura Akihiro , Tanabe Shin-ichi , Hori Satoshi
Published: April 2022

Herein, a method is proposed to predict the infection probability distribution rather than the room-averaged value. The infection probability is predicted by considering both airborne and droplet transmissions based on CO2 concentration and the position of the occupants in a room. The proposed method was used in an actual office setting, and the results confirmed that it could provide a quantitative prediction of the infection probability by integrating the ventilation efficiency and the distance between occupants (i.e. social distancing). We verified the ability of the method to analyse the relative effectiveness of countermeasures for airborne and droplet transmissions. The proposed strategies can be implemented by a facility manager and can enable facility users to check the infection probability distribution in real-time to select a seat with the minimum risk of infection.
The new structures of stochastic solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger’s equations
Authors: Abdelrahman Mahmoud AE , Hassan Samia Z , Alsaleh Dana M , Alomair Reem A
Published: April 2022

The nonlinear Schrödinger’s equations (NLSEs) is a famous model used to investigate the propagation of optical solitons via nonlinear optical fibers. We applied the unified solver method in order to extract some new stochastic solutions for three types of NLSEs forced by multiplicative noise in Itô sense. The acquired solutions describe the propagation of solitons in nonlinear optical fibers. We exhibit the influence of presence of noise term on the solution for the NLSEs. The theoretical analysis and presented solutions illustrate that the proposed solver is powerful and efficient. Finally, the wave amplitudes may be controlled by the effects performance of physical parameters of the NLSEs in the presence of noise term in Itô sense. Finally, we present He’s frequency formulation.
Effect of thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication on vibration characteristics of ball bearing with local defect
Authors: Wang Yubo , Yan Changfeng , Lu Zunyou , Liu Yaofeng , Wu Lixiao
Published: April 2022

The vibration response of ball bearing with local defect is closely associated with its lubrication condition. The previous bearing dynamic models were mainly established based on the idealised lubrication conditions, which may not uncover the influence of thermal effect of lubricant on vibration characteristics of defective bearing. This paper presented the influence of thermal effect on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) performances of ball bearing and the vibration characteristics of defective bearing under thermal EHL. Considering the point contact thermal EHL and the time-varying displacement excitation, a dynamic model of ball bearing with a localised defect on outer raceway was developed. The model was validated by the experimental results. Compared with isothermal EHL, the simulation results with thermal EHL reveal larger pressure and thinner film thickness in the ball-raceway contact interface. Meanwhile, the rotating speed and radial load have significant effects on the thermal EHL performance of ball bearing. The effects of three contact conditions (dry friction, isothermal and thermal EHL) on vibration amplitude of defective bearing in frequency domain are discussed. The results show that the lubricant could improve the vibration of defective bearing, whereas the addition of thermal effect of EHL could increase the vibration amplitude and deteriorate the lubricating performance. The model is beneficial to the bearing model optimisation and the rational selection of lubricants.
Influence of brass interlayer and water cooling on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded AA6061-T6 alloy
Authors: Nagu Korra , Kumar Adepu
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the effect of brass interlayer and water cooling on the mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded AA6061 alloy. Although grain refinement was observed in the stir zone (SZ) of FSW without interlayer, strength loss occurred due to thermal softening. The insertion of a brass interlayer resulted in more grain refinement which could be attributed to brass particles acting as a nucleation site for further recrystallization. The weld strength with interlayer improved due to the formation of strengthening intermetallic compounds (IMCs) such as Al2Cu and Al4Cu9. However, the strength recovery is not attainable in a heat-affected zone (HAZ). Moreover, hard and brittle IMCs formed in SZ of weld with interlayer resulted in premature failure. Therefore, water cooling was used to enhance the hardness in HAZ. Very fine grains in SZ with a high fraction of high angle grain boundaries were obtained with water cooling FSW with interlayer, while HAZ softening was also reduced. Moreover, the water-cooling FSW with interlayer inhibited the formation of brittle intermetallics and decreased volume fraction of IMCs attributed to faster cooling rate. Thereby the strength of the overall weld joint was enhanced. The corrosion test was performed in 3.5% NaCl solution. The corrosion findings stated that the decrease in the number of intermetallics formed low galvanic coupling with aluminium matrix resulted in better corrosion resistance and minimum corrosion rate for water-cooled FSW than natural cooling.
Consumer perspectives of boutique and lifestyle hotels: Is there a difference?
Authors: Quadri-Felitti Donna , Su Na , Day Jonathon
Published: April 2022

Boutique and lifestyle hotels constitute a growing segment of the U.S. lodging industry. Despite this growth, there is a consensus among scholars that the terms “boutique hotel” and “lifestyle hotel” are poorly defined; moreover, current research on the sector focuses on lodging industry practitioners’ perceptions of the two types of accommodation, overlooking lodging consumers’ understanding. To elucidate how lodging consumers distinguish between these two types of accommodation, this study examines the drivers of demand for these products within the context of their associated push and pull factors. A survey was administered to a group of hotel users, generating 252 valid responses. It was found, the majority of respondents had little or no knowledge of the terms. However, those respondents who were frequent travelers were aware of both categories and were likely to indicate an intention to use them for future travel. The findings suggest that boutique and lifestyle hotels are not synonymous in consumers’ minds. In fact, consumers have differing expectations for the two styles of accommodation, and these differences are evolving as more consumers experience these products. These findings have implications for hotel developers and marketers.
Only libertarianism can provide a robust justification for open borders
Authors: Freiman Christopher , Hidalgo Javier
Published: April 2022

This paper argues that libertarianism—and only libertarianism—can vindicate immigration's status as a human right whose protection is morally required in nearly all circumstances. Competing political theories such as liberal egalitarianism fail to rule out significant immigration restrictions in a range of realistic conditions. We begin by outlining the core tenets of libertarianism and their implications for immigration policy. Next, we explain why arguments that appeal to alternative principles are unable to provide robust justification for open borders. We conclude by considering whether our argument vindicates libertarianism or undermines open borders.
Reflections of Buddhist priests who started a dementia carers’ café in Japan
Authors: Okamura Tsuyoshi , Ura Chiaki , Shimmei Masaya , Takase Akinori , Shoji Ryosho , Ogawa Yukan
Published: April 2022

Aim

Faith-based organizations are a potential global resource; however, details of their activities have not been fully explored in the academic literature. In Japan, little is known about delivering support for dementia caregivers in a faith-based setting. In this study, we spoke with priests who started carers’ cafés to support people who have dementia and people who care for them. These “carers’ cafés” are set up in temples and this movement is slowly expanding. The aim of this study was to (1) provide a detailed description of a carers’ café and (2) report the reflections of the Buddhist priests who have been involved in the project from the beginning.

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews with five Buddhist priests who pioneered the carers’ café movement, and conducted a thematic analysis of the transcripts using a qualitative descriptive approach.

Results

Six prominent themes were identified: “A carers’ café aligns with Buddhist doctrine,” “...reveals the strengths of Buddhism and its temples,” “...facilitates priests’ personal growth,” and “...introduces viewpoints from outside of Buddhism.”

Conclusions

Carers’ cafés set up in temples have a positive impact on the Buddhist priests who are involved and on the visitors. One possible reason for this is that the relationship between the temple and the local residents has a long history and thus provides a sense of security for those who are suffering from the realities related to dementia. To create a more inclusive society, it is necessary for secular entities to support this new movement.
Principled or Partisan? The Effect of Cancel Culture Framings on Support for Free Speech
Authors: Fahey James J. , Roberts Damon C. , Utych Stephen M.
Published: April 2022

Political scientists have long been interested in the effects that media framings have on support or tolerance for controversial speech. In recent years, the concept of cancel culture has complicated our understanding of free speech. In particular, the modern Republican Party under Donald Trump has made “fighting cancel culture” a cornerstone of its electoral strategy. We expect that when extremist groups invoke cancel culture as a reason for their alleged censorship, support for their free speech rights among Republicans should increase. We use a nationally representative survey experiment to assess whether individuals’ opposition to cancel culture is principled or contingent on the ideological identity of the speaker. We show that framing free speech restrictions as the consequence of cancel culture does not increase support for free speech among Republicans. Further, when left-wing groups utilize the cancel culture framing, Republicans become even less supportive of those groups’ free speech rights.
Things I’ve Wanted to Share for a While: 10 Reflections on Navigating Multiple Pandemics as a Black Academic
Authors: McFerguson Marquese L.
Published: April 2022

Marked by a layered account that weaves back and forth between the months and moments that molded 2020, the autoethnographic poem, Things I’ ve Wanted to Share for a While, seeks to ask the question: How do Black scholars navigate instances when racially charged events that take place in the public sphere permeate their personal and professional lives?
Estrogen Receptor Bio-Activities Determine Clinical Endocrine Treatment Options in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Xia Song , Lin Qiong
Published: April 2022

In estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer therapy, estrogen receptors (ERs) are the major targeting molecules. ER-targeted therapy has provided clinical benefits for approximately 70% of all breast cancer patients through targeting the ERα subtype. In recent years, mechanisms underlying breast cancer occurrence and progression have been extensively studied and largely clarified. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, microRNA regulation, and other ER downstream signaling pathways are found to be the effective therapeutic targets in ER+ BC therapy. A number of the ER+ (ER+) breast cancer biomarkers have been established for diagnosis and prognosis. The ESR1 gene mutations that lead to endocrine therapy resistance in ER+ breast cancer had been identified. Mutations in the ligand-binding domain of ERα which encoded by ESR1 gene occur in most cases. The targeted drugs combined with endocrine therapy have been developed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ER+ breast cancer, particularly the endocrine therapy resistance ER+ breast cancer. The combination therapy has been demonstrated to be superior to monotherapy in overall clinical evaluation. In this review, we focus on recent progress in studies on ERs and related clinical applications for targeted therapy and provide a perspective view for therapy of ER+ breast cancer.
Complex and Successful Management of a Symptomatic Isolated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a Pregnant Woman with Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Ruben-Castillo Christopher , Mier y Teran-Ellis Santiago , Anaya-Ayala Javier E. , Contreras-Jimenez Emmanuel , Lopez-Peña Gabriel , Luna Lizeth , Arzola Luis H. , Silerio Ernesto , Guerrero-Hernández Manuel , Hinojosa Carlos A.
Published: April 2022

Aortopathies associated to Marfan syndrome (MFS) are important causes of maternal death during pregnancy. We present a 27-year-old and 24-week pregnant MFS woman who arrived to the emergency department with increasing abdominal pain; an obstetric ultrasound showed an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), a multislice computed tomography angiography (CTA) confirmed and demonstrated a 7.3 centimeter (cm) infrarenal AAA without evidence of dissection. A multidisciplinary committee determined that an open repair would lead to a significantly high maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Although endovascular repair (EVAR) in MFS patients remains controversial, an urgent bridge therapy was considered to be the best option. She was transferred to the angiography suite for EVAR to prevent AAA rupture and ensure a satisfactory pregnancy. The patient and fetus presented no complications during the procedure and were discharged 3 days later. She continued her pregnancy without eventualities and an elective C-section was performed on week 36. A CTA imaging at 12 months revealed type 1A and 3 endoleaks, we decided to perform endograft explant and a definitive open repair, there were no complications during the procedure, the patient is currently asymptomatic. Our case illustrates a complex decision and management that successfully avoid morbidity and mortality of a MFS mother and her product; additionally, this experience reinforces the need for lifelong and close surveillance in these patients.
Characterization of Near-Infrared Imaging and Indocyanine-Green Use Amongst General Surgeons: A Survey of 263 General Surgeons
Authors: Verhoeff Kevin , Mocanu Valentin , Fang Breanna , Dang Jerry , Sun Warren , Switzer Noah J. , Birch Daniel W. , Karmali Shahzeer
Published: April 2022

Background

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) is an increasingly utilized imaging modality, however its use amongst general surgeons and its barriers to adoption have not yet been characterized.

Methods

This survey was sent to Canadian Association of General Surgeons and the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons members. Survey development occurred through consensus of NIRFI experienced surgeons.

Results

Survey completion rate for those opening the email was 16.0% (n = 263). Most respondents had used NIRFI (n = 161, 61.2%). Training, higher volumes, and bariatric, thoracic, or foregut subspecialty were associated with use (P < .001). Common reasons for NIRFI included anastomotic assessment (n = 117, 72.7%), cholangiography (n = 106, 65.8%), macroscopic angiography (n = 66, 41.0%), and bowel viability assessment (n = 101, 62.7%). Technical knowledge, training and poor evidence were cited as common barriers to NIRFI adoption.

Conclusions

NIRFI use is common with high case volume, bariatric, foregut, and thoracic surgery practices associated with adoption. Barriers to use appear to be lack of awareness, low confidence in current evidence, and inadequate training. High quality randomized studies evaluating NIRFI are needed to improve confidence in current evidence; if deemed beneficial, training will be imperative for NIRFI adoption.
Use of intravascular optical coherence tomography to confirm the diagnosis of a carotid web in a patient with recurrent ipsilateral embolic strokes and evaluate the response to stenting
Authors: Oushy Soliman , Flemming Kelly D. , Cloft Harry , Savastano Luis E
Published: April 2022

A Carotid web (CaW) is defined as a focal shelf-like projection of non-atheromatous, fibrous tissue along the posterior wall of the carotid bulb. CaW are rare and commonly overlooked lesions increasingly recognized as a cause of stroke in otherwise healthy patients. Intravascular imaging modalities such as intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been proposed as an adjunct to digital subtraction angiography for the evaluation of CaW. However, the use of OCT in CaW has yet to be described. This report investigated the utility of OCT as an adjunct imaging modality in the evaluation of CaW morphology in a young patient with recurrent ischemic strokes.
Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in a child with COVID-19: Clot analysis reveals a novel pathway in the neuroinflammatory cascade resulting in large-vessel occlusion
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Denorme Frederik , D. Alexander Matthew , A. Campbell Robert , Grandhi Ramesh
Published: April 2022

Large-vessel occlusion is rare in children, but its results can be devastating and may lead to recurrent strokes, persistent neurological deficits, and decreased quality of life. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has yielded extrapulmonary effects and multiorgan diseases, many of which are neurological manifestations. There is a paucity of literature in pediatric patients about large-vessel occlusion in the setting of COVID-19 infection. We discuss a nine-year-old child who presented with a left middle cerebral artery occlusion and underwent revascularization with a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade 3 reperfusion approximately three weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis. The patient harbored concerning signs and symptoms of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing SARS-CoV-2 and the propensity for thrombosis in a delayed fashion, which can lead to severe stroke in young people.
The failing endograft-A systematic review of aortic graft explants and associated outcomes
Authors: de Boer Madeleine , Qasabian Raffi , Dubenec Steven , Shiraev Timothy
Published: April 2022

Objective

The prominent use of endovascular stent grafts in the management of abdominal aortic aneurysms is associated with increased descriptions of late complications such as graft infection and endoleaks, which can confer significant morbidity and mortality. Failed endovascular management of late complications often requires open conversion and graft explantation. This systematic review sought to highlight the peri- and post-operative course of patients undergoing aortic graft explants to inform readers of the associated morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing this procedure.

Methods

The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A search of the PubMed, Google Scholar and Ovid MEDLINE databases from January 1995 to April 2021 was performed with a combination of MeSH terms pertaining to endovascular aneurysm repair and open conversion. Articles were screened and included based on pre-determined selection criteria.

Results

A total of 818 studies were identified, with 41 meeting inclusion criteria. These studies examined a total of 1324 patients, 84.3% of whom were male with a mean age of 74 years at explantation. Mean time to graft explantation was 36 months, with a mean aneurysm size of 66 mm. The majority of aortic explants were performed for persistent endoleaks (68%), and 10% for infection. There was high morbidity with the procedure, with high rates of post-operative complications (mean, 37%) and 30-day mortality (11%). The most common complications included renal (15%), respiratory (12%) and cardiac (9%). Most explanted grafts were first-generation endografts. Morbidity and mortality rates were reduced in patients undergoing elective explants compared to emergent procedures (3.3% compared to 43.4%).

Conclusion

Aortic graft explant remains a highly co-morbid procedure, with high rates of peri- and post-operative complications and mortality. The number of explant procedures reported over the past 25 years has increased, reflecting the prominent use of EVAR in the management of AAAs. Whilst remaining a highly co-morbid procedure, patients undergoing elective explants had markedly reduced rates of mortality and morbidity compared to emergent explants. Thus, clinical focus should be on identifying patients who require graft explantation early to perform these procedures in an elective setting.
Feeling Accountable: Affect and Embodied Ethics in Times of Crisis
Authors: Ellis Justine Esta
Published: April 2022

Calls for strengthening the U.S.’s federal ethics systems have proliferated in the popular media, among good governance watchdog groups, and beyond. Framed as an ongoing crisis, the situation has prompted democracy reformers to advocate for more stringent accountability mechanisms, oversight, regulations, and laws. Drawing from new directions in scholarship, this article uses approaches from affect theory to reconsider assumptions about reason, language, and the rule of law within government ethics reform. In so doing, I suggest that perspectives from affect theory expose overlooked areas within current accountability mechanisms and subsequent failures of enforcement, arguing that recent theoretical interventions help us rethink good governance practices by calling into question the ratio-centric, agential framing of government accountability. By mobilizing new theories of crisis and emotion, this article considers how administrative bodies—made up of corporeal bodies—might feel accountable. Building on the work of scholars who link the roles of habits and environments to embodied actions, this article proposes that examining the affective composition of an ethics crisis has wider implications for theorizing moments of institutional reckoning.
Retinal parameters, cortical cerebral microinfarcts, and their interaction with cognitive impairment
Authors: Hilal Saima , Cheung Carol Y , Wong Tien Yin , Schmetterer Leopold , Chen Christopher
Published: April 2022

Background:

Quantitative changes in retinal vessels and thinning of optic nerves have been associated with subclinical (atherosclerosis, inflammation) and clinical age-related brain pathologies (stroke and neurodegeneration). However, data on the association between both retinal vascular and neuronal parameters with cortical cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) and how these factors jointly influence cognition are lacking.

Aim:

We investigated the association of retinal vascular and neuronal changes with CMIs on 3 T MRI and explored their interaction with cognitive impairment in a memory-clinic population.

Methods:

A total of 538 participants were included. Retinal vascular parameters (caliber, tortuosity, and fractal dimension) were measured from retinal fundus photographs using a semi-automated computer-assisted program. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thicknesses were obtained from optical coherence tomography. Cortical CMIs were defined as hypointense on T1-weighted MRI, <5 mm in diameter and restricted to the cortex. Cognition was assessed using Clinical Dementia Rating Sum-of-Boxes (CDR-SoB) score and detailed neuropsychological test. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, diagnosis, white matter hyperintensities volume, lacunes, and cerebral microbleeds.

Results:

Larger venular caliber (Rate ratios (RR): 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.38, p = 0.014), increased venular fractal dimension (RR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.31–1.91, p ⩽ 0.001), increased venular tortuosity (RR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.35–1.75, p ⩽ 0.001), and thinner GC-IPL (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.13–1.36, p ⩽ 0.001) were associated with CMI counts. Among individuals in highest tertile of retinal parameters, a significant interaction was observed between venular tortuosity (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02–1.22, p-interaction = 0.014) and GC-IPL (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11, p-interaction < 0.001) with CMIs on CDR-SoB.

Conclusion:

Retinal vascular and neuronal parameters are associated with cortical CMIs, and persons with both pathologies are likely to have cognitive impairment. Further studies may be warranted to evaluate the clinical utility of retinal parameters and CMI in risk prediction for cognitive dysfunction.
‘The Custodian of the BBC Archives’: The future of BBC Four as an archive channel
Authors: Brennan Mhairi
Published: April 2022

In its Annual Plan for 2021/22, the BBC announced that it would cease to make new content for BBC Four, instead relying on repeats and archive programmes to fill the channel’s schedule. The decision might seem to be a pragmatic response to the corporation’s financial constraints, but will it really lead to the channel becoming ‘the home of the most distinctive content from across the BBC’s archive’ as the broadcaster claims? This article explores the potential risks to cultural memory of recycling archival material on BBC Four with no new content to add to the mix.
Analytical modelling of flame transfer functions for technically premixed flames
Authors: Biagioli Fernando , Innocenti Alessandro , Lamraoui Ammar , Syed Khawar J
Published: April 2022

The linear response to harmonic acoustic excitation of the total heat release rate in technically premixed flames (Flame Transfer Function, FTF) is studied in case of an ideal swirl burner. The analysis is based on the linearization of the production rate for the mean reaction progress variable modelled with a turbulent flame speed closure. Three main components of the FTF are identified which are generated by: I) direct fluctuations in the fuel mixture fraction (formation enthalpy contribution), II) direct fluctuations in the turbulent flame speed and III) flame surface area fluctuations driven by velocity and turbulent flame speed fluctuations. The velocity fluctuation is separated into an irrotational acoustic displacement and a rotational convective component. The effect of the rotational velocity component on the FTF is modelled here in a semi-empirical way, related to swirl number fluctuations at the flame base due to the phase shift between convected tangential velocity fluctuations and acoustically propagating axial velocity fluctuations. It is finally shown that fuel mixture fraction fluctuations can be generated not only by air mass flow rate fluctuations but also by fuel flow rate fluctuations which depend upon the air side impedance at the fuel injection location. It is shown that this impedance changes with the geometry of the plenum placed upstream the burner affecting in this way also the FTF.
Dynamic response characteristics of adjacent tunnel lining under blasting impact in subway connecting passage
Authors: Xiong Linghao , Jiang Nan , Zhou Chuanbo , Li Haibo
Published: April 2022

The connecting passage between two adjacent tunnels is conducive to the rescue and evacuation of subway tunnels when disasters occur. The blasting method is usually used in the construction of connecting passage. The vibration caused by blasting construction may endanger the safety of subway tunnel structure. As a result, the influence of blasting pressure on the stability of subway tunnel lining structure during the excavation of connecting passage is studied, and the safe blasting construction distance is proposed, which is crucial to the safety of adjacent subway tunnel lining. This study takes the connecting passage of Wuhan Metro Line 8 as an example. Using Finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, an accurate numerical calculation model of construction site is established. The nonlinear elastoplastic mechanical characteristics of soil, rock, and tunnel lining are simulated by Drucker Prager, Plastic Kinematic, and Johnson Holmquist Concrete constitutive material models, respectively. The credibility of the three-dimensional numerical calculation model and material constitutive model was proved by contrasting the field measured data of the connecting passage with the numerical calculated results. Analysis of numerical results, the axial and radial PPV, frequency, and Von Mises stress of subway tunnel lining are obtained. The influence of subway tunnel lining under adjacent blasting can be obtained by analyzing the distribution law of PPV and Von Mises stress. Non-static tensile strength is needed considering the high pressure and high strain rate process of concrete during blasting. By fitting the relationship between PPV and dynamic tensile stress, and referring to DIF parameters, the safety range of PPV in subway tunnel lining blasting is determined. The critical safety distance between blasting construction and tunnel lining is obtained by Sadovsky vibration velocity attenuation formula, which is used to guide the subsequent blasting excavation of continuous tunnels.
Exploring the E-Learning Adoption Intentions of College Students Amidst the COVID-19 Epidemic Outbreak in China
Authors: Mensah Isaac Kofi , Zeng Guohua , Luo Chuanyong , Lu Mengqiu , Xiao Zhi-Wu
Published: April 2022

This research paper investigated the adoption behavior of college students toward the e-learning system amidst the current COVID-19. The model was developed and validated based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. The data was generated from 316 Chinese college students based on the convenient sampling technique. The research outcomes indicate that the perceived ease of use is a significant predictor of the intention to use and perceived usefulness of an e-learning system. To our surprise, perceived usefulness does not determine the intention to use an e-learning system. Computer self-efficacy and technical support respectively were significant determinants of the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use of an e-learning system. Interestingly, the study showed that internet experience does not influence students’ sensitivity to the usefulness and ease of use associated with an e-learning system. The theoretical and managerial implications of these results findings are thoroughly interrogated.
International Circulation and Local Assemblage in Chile of Bullying as Epistemic Object
Authors: Ramos Zincke Claudio , Valenzuela Fernando
Published: April 2022

This article studies the emergence of bullying in Chile, considered as a cognitive, affective, and pragmatic configuration. It analyzes how it has been incorporated into public use in the country during the last two decades, becoming an object of legislation, regulation, and management, and converted into an object of government. The study is based on interviews with 16 strategic informants, 562 news, and more than 350 documents. After identifying milestones in the emergence of bullying as an epistemic object internationally, we describe its arrival and reconfiguration in the country. We propose that social scientists, international organizations, and mass media were crucial in the international transport and national assemblage of bullying. Its national configuration, made possible by four key groups of experts from the social sciences, occurred within the State’s networks and was operationalized through legislation and public intervention programs. A normative framing associated with human rights provided this object with a strong normative force. This research contributes to understanding how epistemic objects such as bullying become part of shared experiences of social reality.
Traditional Learning Compared to Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From Faculty’s Perspectives
Authors: Alzahrani Mojib
Published: April 2022

This study compares university students’ performance in traditional learning to that of online learning during the pandemic, and analyses the implications of the shift to online learning from a faculty’s perspective. The Quick-Response Research method using Google Documents was used with 104 faculty members chosen on convenience sampling in five Saudi traditional (face-to-face) universities that shifted to online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak. Results showed that the performance of university students has been better via this method than traditional learning. Classroom activity was shown to positively affect overall student performance. Moreover, the adaptation of technology positively affected the validity of using online learning and student performance. We also found that time management and technology self-efficacy are mandatory to improve remote learning.
Measuring the Level of Knowledge and Awareness About COVID-19 Among the Community of a College in Dubai: A Comparative Study Between Participants of Health Sciences and Non-Health Sciences Backgrounds
Authors: AlHajri Lamia , Mohamed Heba M.
Published: April 2022

COVID-19, which has become a worldwide pandemic, prompted various healthcare organizations to take measures to stop or slow its spread. These measures require behavioral change. According to the health belief model, knowledge and awareness are needed to establish an assessment of threat and determine whether a behavior will be changed. Since the situation is related to a viral infection, it is expected that people with health backgrounds will have more knowledge and awareness about COVID-19. This study aims to compare the levels of COVID-19 knowledge and awareness of faculty, staff, and students in health sciences and non-health sciences disciplines at an all-female college in Dubai. This will help anticipate the risk for individuals, and predict compliance with regulations. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire. The results were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Participants’ knowledge and awareness regarding contagiousness, transmission, incubation period, recovery and mortality rate, susceptibility of elderly people, and the stay-at-home policy were generally high, regardless of their background. This high level of knowledge could be attributed to the rapid dissemination of information through social media. Participants from the health sciences were significantly more knowledgeable about certain preventive measures, the causative pathogen, and its transmission through animals ( p < .05). Overall, there was a high level of knowledge and awareness among the participants, regardless of their background, yet there are some areas that needs enhancement. Assessing knowledge and awareness is important for ensuring that people understand and change their behavior to mitigate its spread.
A Novel MRI Mapping Technique for Evaluating Bone Bruising Patterns Associated With Noncontact ACL Ruptures
Authors: Moran Jay , Katz Lee D. , Schneble Christopher A. , Li Don T. , Kahan Joseph B. , Wang Annie , Porrino Jack , Fosam Andin , Cheng Ryan , Jokl Peter , Hewett Timothy E. , Medvecky Michael J.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Bone bruise patterns in the knee can aid in understanding the mechanism of injury in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. There is no universally accepted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mapping technique to describe the specific locations of bone bruises.

Hypothesis:

The authors hypothesized that (1) our novel mapping technique would show high interrater and intrarater reliability for the location of bone bruises in noncontact ACL-injured knees and (2) the bone bruise patterns reported from this technique would support the most common mechanisms of noncontact ACL injury, including valgus stress, anterior tibial translation, and internal tibial rotation.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included were 43 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction between 2018 and 2020, with MRI within 30 days of the injury on a 3.0-T scanner, documentation of a noncontact mechanism of injury, and no concomitant or previous knee injuries. Images were retrospectively reviewed by 2 radiologists blinded to all clinical data. The locations of bone bruises were mapped on fat-suppressed T2-weighted coronal and sagittal images using a novel technique that combined the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) tibiofemoral articular cartilage surgical lesions diagram and the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring (WORMS) mapping system. Reliability between the reviewers was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), where ICC >0.90 indicated excellent agreement.

Results:

The interrater and intrarater ICCs were 0.918 and 0.974, respectively, for femoral edema mapping and 0.979 and 0.978, respectively, for tibial edema mapping. Significantly more bone bruises were seen within the lateral femoral condyle compared with the medial femoral condyle (67% vs 33%; P < .0001), and more bruises were seen within the lateral tibial plateau compared with the medial tibial plateau (65% vs 35%; P < .0001). Femoral bruises were almost exclusively located in the anterior/central regions (98%) of the condyles as opposed to the posterior region (2%; P < .0001). Tibial bruises were localized to the posterior region (78%) of both plateaus as opposed to the anterior/central regions (22%; P < .0001).

Conclusion:

The combined mapping technique offered a standardized and reliable method for reporting bone bruises in noncontact ACL injuries. The contusion patterns identified using this technique were indicative of the most commonly reported mechanisms for noncontact ACL injuries.
Patients’ Experiences with Cancer Care: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Treiman Katherine , Kranzler Elissa C. , Moultrie Rebecca , Arena Laura , Mack Nicole , Fortune Erica , Garcia Reese , Street Richard L
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic heightened the psychosocial impact of a cancer diagnosis as patients face concerns about the risk of infection and serious disease and uncertainties about the impact on their treatment. We conducted an online survey (n = 317) and focus groups (n = 19) with patients to examine their experiences with cancer care during the pandemic. Most survey respondents (68%) reported one or more disruptions or delays in care, including appointments switched to telehealth (49%). Patients perceived both benefits (e.g., convenience) and drawbacks (e.g., more impersonal) to telehealth. For many patients, COVID-19-related restrictions on bringing family members to support them during appointments was a major concern and left them feeling alone and vulnerable during treatment. Patients’ self-reported coping during the pandemic was positively associated with age, education, and income ( P < .05 for each) and better communication with their doctors during telehealth sessions ( P < .001). Study findings highlight the importance of patient-centered care and communication to help patients cope with the challenges of the pandemic. Further research is needed to develop guidelines for use of telehealth as part of patient-centered cancer care.
Book review: Aparna Vaidik, My Son’s Inheritance: A Secret History of Lynching and Blood Justice in India
Authors: Rashid Haroon
Published: April 2022

Aparna Vaidik, My Son’s Inheritance: A Secret History of Lynching and Blood Justice in India. New Delhi: Aleph Book Company, 2020, pp. 173, ₹499. ISBN: 978-81-942337-8-7.
Study of PID controller gain for active vibration control using FEM based particle swarm optimization in COMSOL multiphysics
Authors: Sumit  , Shukla R. , Sinha A. K.
Published: April 2022

Proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are widely used to solve different control engineering problems. To know the dynamic behaviour of a working plant by mathematical modelling is quite challenging. Finite element method (FEM) is a well-known technique and broadly used for the modelling of engineering systems. This article presents the FEM-based heuristic approach to design and optimize the PID controllers. The ‘allowed area method’ has been used for the formulation of the objective function followed by the tuning of the PID controller. First, the proposed approach is tested on 2-degree of freedom (DOF) mass-spring-damper (MSD) system. FEM modelling of 2-DOF MSD system with PID controller has been carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics and coupling of particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been carried out with the FEM model of the MSD system, for the optimization of PID controller gain. The FEM results are in good agreement with the analytical one. Next, the established method is applied to design and optimize the PID controller gain to control the vibration of a cantilever beam using piezoelectric actuator. Similar to the MSD system, FEM modelling of PID controller for the smart beam has been carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics, and the coupling of PSO is carried out with the FEM model of the smart beam for the optimization of PID controller gain. Simulation of the uncontrolled and controlled responses of the smart beam is carried out at the optimum controller gain for free vibration and step excitation. The piezoelectric actuator of smart beam has successfully damped the vibration within approximately 2.5 s.
High Uses of Emergency Care and High Prevalence of Medication Adverse Effects in Gastroparesis Patients at a Tertiary Academic Center: Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Heckroth Matthew , Tansel Aylin , Mathur Prateek , Stocker Abigail , Cutts Teresa , Abell Thomas L.
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Gastroparesis (Gp) syndromes are associated with high healthcare burden with high rates of emergency and inpatient utilization. Urgent care rates for Gp remain unknown. In acute care settings, medications are often used to assuage symptoms. Unfortunately, real-world medication use and adverse effects is lacking. We aimed to assess acute care (urgent care, emergency, inpatient) utilization rates and predictors. As a secondary aim, we aimed to assess both exposure of and adverse effects associated with medications used for gastroparesis.

Methods:

Surveys were administered at a tertiary referral center, returned during that visit, or mailed back. Open-ended questions were used, whenever possible, to prevent response bias for patients to report the adverse effects they experienced.

Results:

62 patients (93.5% women) completed the survey. Patients were most frequently exposed to metoclopramide (71.0%), ondansetron (83.9%), and promethazine (72.6%). Of prokinetics, metoclopramide had the highest prevalence of adverse effects (59.1%). The rates of Gp-related urgent care visits, emergency visits, and hospitalizations within 6 months were 19%, 47%, and 26%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that patients aged 45-64 were a significant predictor for Gp-related urgent care utilization (aOR 8.8 [95% CI 1.2-65.4, p 0.03]). Low income was a significant predictor for gastroparesis-related hospitalization (aOR 6.8 [95% CI 1.1-42.7, p 0.04]).

Conclusion:

This survey found high rates of emergency care usage and high prevalence of adverse effects in commonly used medications for Gp patients. Urgent care may be an underutilized tool to reduce emergency care usage in Gp. Treatment algorithms for gastroparesis patients built on balancing adverse effects compared with efficacy are needed. Additionally, early integration of safe complementary integrative Gp therapies may minimize patient exposure while preserving treatment efficacy.
Combining daratumumab with CD47 blockade prolongs survival in preclinical models of pediatric T-ALL
Authors: Müller Kristina , Vogiatzi Fotini , Winterberg Dorothee , Rösner Thies , Lenk Lennart , Bastian Lorenz , Gehlert Carina L. , Autenrieb Marie-Pauline , Brüggemann Monika , Cario Gunnar , Schrappe Martin , Kulozik Andreas E. , Eckert Cornelia , Bergmann Anke K. , Bornhauser Beat , Bourquin Jean-Pierre , Valerius Thomas , Peipp Matthias , Kellner Christian , Schewe Denis M.
Published: April 2022

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant disease affecting children. Although therapeutic strategies have improved, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) relapse is associated with chemoresistance and a poor prognosis. One strategy to overcome this obstacle is the application of monoclonal antibodies. Here, we show that leukemic cells from patients with T-ALL express surface CD38 and CD47, both attractive targets for antibody therapy. We therefore investigated the commercially available CD38 antibody daratumumab (Dara) in combination with a proprietary modified CD47 antibody (Hu5F9-IgG2σ) in vitro and in vivo. Compared with single treatments, this combination significantly increased in vitro antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis in T-ALL cell lines as well as in random de novo and relapsed/refractory T-ALL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) samples. Similarly, enhanced antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis was observed when combining Dara with pharmacologic inhibition of CD47 interactions using a glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor. Phase 2–like preclinical in vivo trials using T-ALL PDX samples in experimental minimal residual disease–like (MRD-like) and overt leukemia models revealed a high antileukemic efficacy of CD47 blockade alone. However, T-ALL xenograft mice subjected to chemotherapy first (postchemotherapy MRD) and subsequently cotreated with Dara and Hu5F9-IgG2σ displayed significantly reduced bone marrow infiltration compared with single treatments. In relapsed and highly refractory T-ALL PDX combined treatment with Dara and Hu5F9-IgG2σ was required to substantially prolong survival compared with single treatments. These findings suggest that combining CD47 blockade with Dara is a promising therapy for T-ALL, especially for relapsed/refractory disease harboring a dismal prognosis in patients.