bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Single-Incision Technique for Distal Biceps Repair Using a Flexible Reamer
Authors: Pierce Todd P. , Pierce Casey M. , Issa Kimona , McInerney Vincent K. , Festa Anthony , Scillia Anthony J.
Published: June 2017

Distal biceps tendon ruptures are rare injuries that usually occur in middle-aged men. Most of these injuries are repaired acutely to restore preinjury function and strength. There is concern regarding the higher prevalence of certain complications with the double-incision technique. As such, the single-incision technique has also been studied to determine if it may produce superior safety and efficacy. In addition, the point of fixation may be created with either a rigid or a flexible reamer. The authors describe a technique that uses a single-incision cortical fixation achieved with a flexible reamer. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):e744–e748.]
Las capsae de la necrópolis de incineración de las parcelas números 45 y 46 de Segobriga (Saelices, Hispania Citerior)
Authors: Cebrián Fernández Rosario
Published: June 2017

En Segobriga, varias incineraciones de la necrópolis de las parcelas números 45 y 46, fechada en la segunda mitad del siglo I d. C., contenían elementos de cerraduras y accesorios metálicos en bronce y hierro, pertenecientes a siete cofres de madera o capsae. Principalmente, contuvieron objetos de aseo personal femenino y fueron quemados junto a la difunta en una práctica funeraria de gran difusión por las provincias romanas. Presentamos aquí la revisión y estudio de los materiales y una propuesta tipológica de los cofres, teniendo en cuenta los paralelos conocidos en el resto del Imperio.
La reinterpretación cristiana de los monumentos de la Antigüedad en la Roma de Sixto V (1585-1590)
Authors: Verdugo Santos Javier
Published: June 2017

El punto de vista de la contrarreforma sobre los monumentos antiguos era muy diferente del pensamiento de los hombres del Renacimiento. El mundo pagano había sido vencido por el cristianismo y, por consiguiente, los restos de aquél sólo tenían razón de ser en función de la exaltación de la gloria de Cristo y de su Iglesia. De acuerdo con esta convicción Sixto V actúa sobre las columnas de Trajano y Marco Aurelio; las estatuas del Capitolio o el Coliseo, transformándolos en monumentos a la victoria del cristianismo. Otra de las operaciones será el traslado del obelisco Vaticano sito en la spina del circo de Calígula. Un reto para la tecnología de la época, que fue aprovechado de forma propagandística por el papa. El obelisco poseía un valor arqueológico y simbólico, pues la tradición señalaba dicho circo como el lugar donde fueron martirizados los primeros cristianos.
Contando la historia. Experiencias de cuantificación y análisis volumétrico en centros artesanales púnicos de la Bahía de Cádiz
Authors: Sáez Romero Antonio M. , Moreno Pulido Elena
Published: June 2017

La producción y comercio de derivados del pescado fue para el área occidental del Mediterráneo y su apéndice atlántico un recurso estratégico clave durante la Antigüedad. En particular, su producción y comercio fue un ingrediente principal de la economía de la Bahía de Cádiz y de la ciudad fenicio-púnica de Gadir. Esta importancia de la pesca, la sal y las salazones se tradujo en la creación de una importante red de infraestructuras productivas y en especial de gran número de chancas para salar el pescado y de alfarerías donde se manufacturaron los envases anfóricos para el transporte. El crecimiento exponencial de los datos arqueológicos disponibles sobre chancas, alfares y ánforas gaditanas en las últimas décadas permite ahora tener una visión precisa del modelo territorial y de la morfología de estos centros industriales, así como de la evolución formal de los envases. Presentamos aquí una aproximación a una de las etapas de mayor esplendor de esta economía marítima basada en la salazón, centrada en el análisis de las evidencias del siglo V a.C. de la bahía gaditana. En este caso, partiendo de los datos de alfares y saladeros, se propone una cuantificación teórica de la productividad de estas infraestructuras (número de ánforas fabricadas, cantidades de pescado y sal manejados por la industria, etc.) y de la estandarización de las formas, medidas y pesos de las ánforas locales del momento.
Artificial Ethics
Authors: Pană Laura L.
Published: June 2017

We live today in a partially artificial intelligent environment in which human intelligent agents are accompanied and assisted by artificial intelligent agents, continually endowed with more functions, skills and even competences, and having a more significant involvement and influence in the social environment. Therefore, artificial agents need to become and moral agents. Human and artificial intelligent agents are cooperating in various complex activities and thus they develop some common characteristics and properties. These features, in turn, are changing and progressing together with several increasing requirements of the different types of activities. All these changes produce a common evolution of human and artificial intelligent agents. Under these new conditions, human and artificial agents need and a shared ethics. Artificial ethics can be philosophically grounded, scientifically developed and technically implemented, it will be a more clear, coherent and consistent ethics, suitable for both human and artificial moral agents, and will be the first effective ethics.
Incremental Approach to Classification Learning
Authors: Naidenova Xenia Alexandre
Published: June 2017

An approach to incremental classification learning is proposed. Classification learning is based on approximation of a given partitioning of objects into disjoint blocks in multivalued space of attributes. Good approximation is defined in the form of good maximally redundant classification test or good formal concept. A concept of classification context is introduced. Four situations of incremental modification of classification context are considered: adding and deleting objects and adding and deleting values of attributes. Algorithms of changing good concepts in these incremental situations are given and proven.
Machine Dreaming
Authors: Pagel James Frederic
Published: June 2017

Active sleep modes, alternative logics, non-parametric programming, and extended interfaces are being incorporated into the processing capabilities of complex computer systems. While system disconnected FSM's, have only minimal capacities for achieving dream-like forms of cognitive processing, Internet connected systems can meet human-based criteria for dreaming. The Internet includes periods low data flow (system sleep). Non-parametric and fuzzy logic processing, extends system capacity and increases the possibility of alternative and/or unexpected outcomes. Neural-net processing increases the chance that results attained will be indeterminate and hallucinatory. At the interface, such machine dreams are bi-directionally incorporated into the dream consciousness of interacting humans. In order to function in the human defined environment, artificial systems require the capacity to achieve dream equivalent states.
Semantic Intelligence
Authors: Koleva Maria K.
Published: June 2017

Semantic intelligence is an exclusive for the intelligent complex systems way of response to an ever-changing environment. Its major distinctive property is autonomous comprehension and creation of information. Another exclusive property of semantic intelligence is autonomous discrimination between true and false statements. The semantic intelligence naturally arises in the setting of concept of boundedness where it commences from highly non-trivial interplay between structural and functional properties of a complex system. The major generic property of that interplay is that it renders the relation between structural and functional properties to be non-recursive. In result this renders the efficiency of semantic intelligence to be provided by efficiency of hierarchical self-organization of a complex system prior to the efficiency of software and to the speed of hardware.
Big Data Analytics for Tourism Destinations
Authors: Höpken Wolfram , Fuchs Matthias , Lexhagen Maria
Published: June 2017

The objective of this chapter is to address the above deficiencies in tourism by presenting the concept of the tourism knowledge destination – a specific knowledge management architecture that supports value creation through enhanced supplier interaction and decision making. Information from heterogeneous data sources categorized into explicit feedback (e.g. tourist surveys, user ratings) and implicit information traces (navigation, transaction and tracking data) is extracted by applying semantic mapping, wrappers or text mining (Lau et al., 2005). Extracted data are stored in a central data warehouse enabling a destination-wide and all-stakeholder-encompassing data analysis approach. By using machine learning techniques interesting patterns are detected and knowledge is generated in the form of validated models (e.g. decision trees, neural networks, association rules, clustering models). These models, together with the underlying data (in the case of exploratory data analysis) are interactively visualized and made accessible to destination stakeholders.
Challenges for Big Data Security and Privacy
Authors: Govindarajan M.
Published: June 2017

Security and privacy issues are magnified by the volume, variety, and velocity of Big Data, such as Large-scale cloud infrastructures, diversity of data sources and formats, the streaming nature of data acquisition and high volume inter-cloud migration. In the past, Big Data was limited to very large organizations such as governments and large enterprises that could afford to create and own the infrastructure necessary for hosting and mining large amounts of data. These infrastructures were typically proprietary and were isolated from general networks. Today, Big Data is cheaply and easily accessible to organizations large and small through public cloud infrastructure. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the Big Data security and privacy challenges and also presents some solutions for these challenges, but it does not provide a definitive solution for the problem. It rather points to some directions and technologies that might contribute to solve some of the most relevant and challenging Big Data security and privacy issues.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Tran Ben
Published: June 2017

In Asia, as elsewhere around the world, societies have a long history of cultural and religious giving. The idea of business' responsibility to give back to the communities in which they operate is also age old. In many of the countries studied, an alternative discourse encompassing culture, traditional values, and politics provides a socio-economic context and a national backdrop for CSR action. Based on the ten countries studies, key elements that define the practice of CSR in Asian companies are: cultural influences, classical philanthropy, State capacity, participation in global supply chains and home-grown corporate misdemeanors. Culture matters to how societies approach CSR. There are important cultural influences on ideas of “obligation” and “responsibility” that are significant in the Asian context and this is where the Asian discourse on CSR diverge from that in the West.
Digital Transformation Journeys in a Digitized Reality
Authors: Janssens Jurgen
Published: June 2017

Big Data and Digitization are among the most talked about concepts of the last years. Whereas Big Data has more and more concrete outcomes, Digitization is still seen as far away future. Nowadays, however, the question is not anymore how to prepare for the upcoming Digitization. The question companies and organizations have to ask themselves is how to adapt to and in today's Digitizing World. A correct translation of this strategy is equally important. It requires a dynamic silver lining, compatible with interactive work clusters and a hybrid organization. Typically, this results in a new way of working and an appropriate approach to power this way of working. The way of working needs to be adapted to the redefined borders between reactivity and proactivity, the need for real-time service and contextual adaptation. It needs to be designed for agility. To provide value, an organic compromise has to be found that answers the need for creative freedom, and the need for a solid structure where guidance, management, and development of human capabilities is possible in a structured way.
Cloud Governance at the Local Communities
Authors: Yfantis Vasileios
Published: June 2017

This book chapter conceptualizes the plan of an autonomous community to cover the information technology needs by adopting cloud computing on a community level. Community cloud computing is a solution with many advantages that can help the community to cover sufficiently their technology needs or even generate income by renting virtual resources. This is a theoretical approach that can be used as a conceptual tool for small municipalities or other communities that intend to extend their technological and political autonomy.
A Critical Overview of Image Segmentation Techniques Based on Transition Region
Authors: Zhang Yu-Jin
Published: June 2017

Image segmentation is the key step from image processing to image analysis, and is an important technique of image engineering. Image segmentation based on transition region is a special or distinctive type of techniques that are different from traditional boundary-based or region-based techniques. Since the first technique using transition region proposed, there are many subsequent related researches and applications, and a series of papers in the literature citing are published worldwide. Using Google Scholar, a number of papers citing the original papers are searched, a study on the statistics of these papers is conducted. These papers are sorted first according to the publishing year, and then grouped according to their purposes and contents (with techniques used). Some questionable issues in these papers are pointed out and critically discussed, and several further research directions are indicated and analyzed.
Uncovering Limitations of E01 Self-Verifying Files
Authors: Krasniewicz Jan , Cox Sharon A.
Published: June 2017

In computer forensics, it is important to understand the purpose of evidence file formats to maintain continuity of acquired data from storage devices. Evidence file formats such as E01 contain embedded data such as Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) and hash values to allow a program to verify the integrity of the data contained within it. Students on computer forensics courses need to understand the concepts of CRC and hash values as well as their use and limitations in evidence files when verifying acquired data. That is the CRC and hash values in evidence file only verify the acquired data and not the evidence file per se. This important difference in E01 files was highlighted by showing students an anomaly in E01 files where certain bytes can be changed in E01 files without detection by computer forensic software using the embedded CRC and hash values. The benefit to students is that they can see the advantages of self verification and limitations of what is verified giving the opportunity for a deeper understanding of evidence files and good practice.
An Open Learning Format for Lifelong Learners' Empowerment
Authors: Leone Sabrina
Published: June 2017

Open, lifelong and ubiquitous learning, cloud computing and smart city frameworks are the pillars of the change that is replacing the traditional education and work models and transforming the way crowds of people learn, communicate, collaborate, teamwork, produce value and growth for the entities of which they are part. This work presents the updated version of SSW4LL (Social Semantic Web for Lifelong Learners), an adaptive, modular, flexible and integrated learning format which has been devised to support the characterisation of adult lifelong learners' PLEs by implicit and explicit tools of personalisation, in a learner-centred framework. The SSW4LL system, the technological architecture, is presented as a whole made up of components of formal and informal learning environments: Moodle 2.9 integrated with an adaptive mechanism (conditional activities) and some tools of Social Semantic Web (Semantic MediaWiki 2.3, Diigo and Google+), respectively. The SSW4LL format was successfully validated during the course SSW4LL 2011.
Screencasts and Learning Styles
Authors: Jesus Rui Alberto
Published: June 2017

Learning styles appear to explain something that is obvious: people learn in different ways. In this chapter, the emphasis is on the different sensory modalities by which students prefer to perceive stimuli from the outside. On the other hand, professors can use several didactic materials to deliver instruction to their students (particularly in eLearning). One of them are screencasts which are digital recordings of computer screen output, including audio voiceover. If well planned and recorded, screencasts can include text, images, diagrams, audio, video and simulations, thus aiming to reach several learning modalities. This chapter explores the relation between screencasts and sensory preferences (measured by the VARK questionnaire), in a sample of nursing students. The data was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics methods. The majority of these students were multimodal (61.4%), as opposed to unimodal (38.6%), and screencasts were found to be more appealing to the former, and face-to-face classes were more appealing to the latter.
A Three-Vector Approach to Blind Spots in Cybersecurity
Authors: Westerlund Mika , Craigen Dan , Bailetti Tony , Agwae Uruemu
Published: June 2017

Cyberattacks are often successful due to “blind spots” - biases and preconceived information that affect human decision making. Blind spots that obstruct a person's view of malicious activity may result in massive economic losses. This chapter examines eight cases of successful cyberattacks from economic, technological and psychological perspectives to blind spots, termed as “the core vectors”. While previous research has focused on these vectors in isolation, this chapter combines the vectors for an integrated view. As a result, the chapter provides a novel list of blind spots that enable cybercrime.
Innovative Formalism for Biological Data Analysis
Authors: Ciufudean Calin
Published: June 2017

Modern medical devices involves information technology (IT) based on electronic structures for data and signals sensing and gathering, data and signals transmission as well as data and signals processing in order to assist and help the medical staff to diagnose, cure and to monitors the evolution of patients. By focusing on biological signals processing we may notice that numerical processing of information delivered by sensors has a significant importance for a fair and optimum design and manufacture of modern medical devices. We consider for this approach fuzzy set as a formalism of analysis of biological signals processing and we propose to be accomplished this goal by developing fuzzy operators for filtering the noise of biological signals measurement. We exemplify this approach on neurological measurements performed with an Electro-Encephalograph (EEG).
Learning From Imbalanced Data
Authors: Mathews Lincy , Hari Seetha
Published: June 2017

A very challenging issue in real world data is that in many domains like medicine, finance, marketing, web, telecommunication, management etc., the distribution of data among classes is inherently imbalanced. A widely accepted researched issue is that the traditional classifier algorithms assume a balanced distribution among the classes. Data imbalance is evident when the number of instances representing the class of concern is much lesser than other classes. Hence, the classifiers tend to bias towards the well-represented class. This leads to a higher misclassification rate among the lesser represented class. Hence, there is a need of efficient learners to classify imbalanced data. This chapter aims to address the need, challenges, existing methods and evaluation metrics identified when learning from imbalanced data sets. Future research challenges and directions are highlighted.
Managerial Tools and Techniques for Decision Making
Authors: Askarany Davood
Published: June 2017

The main aim of this chapter is to explain what considered as managerial tools and techniques for decision making in the area of management accounting and how they developed and evolved over the time. This chapter is intended to help us document the innovation, evolution and the adoption of a variety of relatively new management accounting techniques and practices in organisations. The chapter also looks at primary tasks/services performed by managerial techniques and tools to capture a wider range of techniques/tools that contribute to the conduction of managerial tasks/services but may not be listed as managerial tools in the literature.
Encouraging Digital Literacy and ICT Competency in the Information Age
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: June 2017

This article determines the overview of digital literacy and ICT competency, the encouragement of digital literacy in the information age, and the encouragement of ICT competency in the information age. The encouragement of digital literacy and ICT competency is essential for modern organizations that seek to serve suppliers and customers, increase business performance, strengthen competitiveness, and achieve regular prosperity in the information age. Thus, it is required for modern organizations to encourage their digital literacy and ICT competency and develop a strategic plan to regularly investigate their practical improvements toward satisfying customer requirements. The article argues that encouraging digital literacy and ICT competency has the potential to enhance organizational performance and achieve strategic goals in the information age.
Toward a Working Definition of Digital Literacy
Authors: Dowell Margaret-Mary Sulentic
Published: June 2017

Literacy is generally understood to be the combined abilities to read and write, speak and listen; however, the advancement of technology has broadened what it means to be literate to encompass the notion of digital literacy. This chapter is divided into four major sections. First a comprehensive definition of digital literacy will be presented. Then, digital literacy within a socio-cultural framework will be briefly highlighted. Next, three prominent issues that have surfaced around digital literacy will be examined: the dissonance between digital natives and digital immigrants, how and why some forms of digital literacy enjoy acceptance and legitimacy, and attaining and not gaining access to digital literacy formats – the digital divide. The final section of this chapter is devoted to a discussion of implications of digital literacy in K-12 education, college, and career.
ICT Investments and Recovery of Troubled Economies
Authors: Papadopoulos Ioannis , Syropoulos Apostolos
Published: June 2017

The economy of any country can thrive, decline or remain steady. A declining economy is a troubled one and it is necessary to find ways to reverse its course. Naturally, there is no single recipe to put a troubled economy back on track but innovation and technology always help an economy to boost itself. In particular, information and computer technology (ICT) and innovations are very relevant today since almost everything (people, companies, products, etc.) have a digital identity. Thus, investing in ICT can help a troubled economy to recover. More specifically, countries with deep fundamental problems like Greece can be benefited by a wide adoption of ICT.
Tools, Pedagogical Models, and Best Practices for Digital Storytelling
Authors: Multisilta Jari , Niemi Hannele
Published: June 2017

Sharing photos and short videos with others has become increasingly popular among youth. Although sharing videos is a common activity among youth, schools are not using digital videos for learning. There is a need to study the pedagogical models that could be used in designing classroom activities involving the use of digital videos. In this chapter, digital video storytelling will be discussed in the context of learning. In this chapter, pedagogical models, examples, best practices, and outcomes that illustrate how students become engaged and motivated when using digital storytelling in knowledge creation in cross-cultural settings will be presented. The pedagogical models discussed in this chapter are Global Sharing Pedagogy (GSP) and Video Inquiry Learning (VIL). A review of existing tools and practices for digital video storytelling will be presented. The results show that students can become highly engaged in learning through digital storytelling.
The Use of Postcasting/Vodcasting in Education
Authors: Stavrianos Athanasios T. , Syropoulos Apostolos
Published: June 2017

Podcasting and vodcasting are audio and video files, respectively. These files can be accessed by subscribers at any time of day. Initially, the technology was used for information and entertainment. Later on, it became clear that this technology could be useful in education. There are many advantages in the use of these technologies yet there are a few drawback that cannot render the technology useless. The technology can be used in various ways in both tertiary and secondary education. Until recently, the process of creating, editing, and distributing vodcasts and podcasts was a manual process. Fortunately, new tools have automated this process and we describe one of this tools and its use.
The Importance of Electronic Commerce in Modern Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: June 2017

This article explains the overview of e-commerce and the importance of electronic commerce (e-commerce) in modern business. E-commerce consists of the purchasing and selling of products or services through electronic systems, such as computer networks and the Internet. In this modern world of technology, e-commerce is becoming a very significant option for many businesses as there are lots of companies that are interested in developing their online stores. E-commerce becomes one of the preferred ways of shopping as they enjoy their online because of its easiness and convenience. Because of its convenience, consumers can save their lots of time as well as money by searching their products easily and making purchasing online. The article argues that applying e-commerce has the potential to enhance organizational performance and gain sustainable competitive advantage in modern business.
Entrepreneurship Concept, Theories, and New Approaches
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez José Manuel , García-Vaquero Martín
Published: June 2017

This chapter deals with the concept and theories of entrepreneurship that can be defined as the type of business strategy focused on the creation of new business ideas, jobs, social wealth, and profit by optimizing the use of productive and commercial resources. Neoclassical and New Keynesian theories are briefly analyzed in the chapter, as well as Psychological-based and Modern theories, including the Jack-of-all Trades Theory, O-Ring Theory, Resources- and Capabilities-based Theory, and Theory of the Optimal Triangle. The chapter finishes with the necessity of also including both social and solidarity-based entrepreneurship strategies, alongside the traditional classification made on this concept.
Identification of Green Procurement Drivers and Their Interrelationship Using Fuzzy TISM and MICMAC Analysis
Authors: Bag Surajit
Published: June 2017

The objective of the current study is to identify the leading green procurement drivers and identify the interrelationships using fuzzy total interpretive structural modeling and MICMAC approach. For the purpose of this study, twenty-five drivers were identified from existing literature which influences green procurement practices and finally refined through experts' opinion. The final fuzzy model consists of fuzzy relationships between one to one criteria. The key drivers which emerged from Fuzzy TISM and MICMAC analyses are Government policy and Regulations, Total Quality Environmental management, Management Support, Management Review, Continuous education of employees, Cross functional team building, Organization Culture, and Green process and Technology. The green procurement model may assist supply chain practitioners in better decision making and successful implementation of green procurement programs.
Exposure to Video Games and Decision Making
Authors: Curcio Giuseppe , Peracchia Sara
Published: June 2017

In the last years, it is ever more frequent to read on popular press stories about the effects of video and/or computer games on the brain and on the behaviour. In some cases we can read something claiming that video games “damage the brain”, while in other that these activities can “boost brain power”, and such conflicting proclamation create confusion about the real or potential effects of this activity on human beings. Thus, it is very interesting to deeply understand the effect that exposure to video games (VGs) can have on cognitive processes, with particular attention to decision making. Only a few studies have been carried out on this issue: the main aim of this contribution is to clarify these aspects, critically reviewing the existing scientific literature. Particular attention has been dedicated to normal and pathological players, different types of VGs, and moral aspects of decision making vulnerable to VGs. It has been concluded that research in this area is still in its early days, and this short review aims at discussing several issues and challenges that should be addressed to forward this research field.
Archaeological GIS for Land Use in South Etruria Urban Revolution in IX-VIII Centuries B.C.
Authors: Pelfer Giuliano
Published: June 2017

A GIS is developed for analysis of formation, growth and collapse of past societies. The Urban Revolution in Mediterranean area between IX-VIII centuries B.C. pushed by development of Mediterranean market area, is a good case study. The process leads to the growth of urban centres and of population. In Ancient Etruria the changes produced the abandonment of tens of older sites and the origin of protourban centres on hill plateaux. The GIS is developed for explaining the factors affecting the urbanization process in Tarquinia. Settlement strategy was linked to available resources in the territory. The research focused on land use for ancient agriculture, by reconstructing features of land use. The results show that the selection of plateaux allowed a better resources management, required by population growth as well by the Mediterranean market demand. The changes explain the transition from a subsistence economy to a production of agrarian surplus in cereals. A new organization based on the private household property of agrarian plots could satisfy a better resource allocation.
Exploring Tourism Cluster in the Peripheral Mountain Area Based on GIS Mapping
Authors: Hsueh Ya-Hui , Chuang Huey-Wen , Hsieh Wan-Chiang
Published: June 2017

This research locates a set of points of tourist spots distributed on a peripheral mountain area by GIS mapping, illustrates accessibility and neighbor to community are the influencing factors of tourism cluster in a peripheral mountain area, and further analyzes the benefits of tourism cluster of establishing cooperation network by tourism associations. This research investigates on the linkages, local impacts between tourism and agriculture of a well-known organic agricultural area of fruits in Taiwan. This research aims to demonstrate the increased tourism development due to the tourist attractions of organic agriculture and religious spots in a peripheral region through a tourism clustering process. By collecting a set of points of tourist spots specified to GIS slope raster and point density surface, tourism-agriculture linkages and their local impacts are demonstrated.
Bridging Between Cyber Politics and Collective Dynamics of Social Movement
Authors: Shibuya Kazuhiko
Published: June 2017

The author argued that the advent of social media summoned the collective dynamics of democracy of the citizens, by the citizens, and for the citizens. Such patterns using social media can readily alter the form of social movements, allowing their mutual interconnection and shaping the enclaves of networked clustering. Social media offer a new paradigm of democracy that encourages engagement and participation in both cyber and actual political actions for ordinary citizens. Nevertheless, little is known about co-occurrence and linkages between cyber and real world actions by numerous participants. Consequently, this issue should be investigated with open questions related to the following points. 1. Social institutional matters related to legitimation crises caused by social movements 2. Co-occurrence and Linkages of collective dynamics between cyber and actual political actions 3. Enlargement of participants in social movement 4. Systemic Risks from Local to International Affairs.
Cyberloafing and Constructive Recreation
Authors: Oravec Jo Ann
Published: June 2017

“Cyberloafing” in workplace and educational contexts refers to the uses of computer-related applications and devices in ways or at times that are not directly sanctioned by employers, managers, or teachers. It has often been considered as a kind of “time theft” on the part of employees, possibly decreasing workplace and educational productivity by consuming attention, energies, and resources designated for organizational operations. In contrast, many employees and students have construed cyberloafing as a stress reliever and as support for personal wellbeing, often with the rationale that they are able to engage effectively in alternating or multitasking between and among their various work and off-work endeavors. “Constructive recreation” in contrast with cyberloafing comprises online recreation and gamification initiatives designed by employees along with managers; these initiatives are designed to be in synch with productive efforts and support the wellbeing of all organizational participants. The article analyzes research trends and public discourse related to both to cyberloafing and to constructive recreation.
Digital Divide
Authors: Flanagan Patrick
Published: June 2017

Since 1991 when the World Wide Web (WWW) was first made available to the public, it has revolutionized the ways the global community engages each other economically, politically, and socially. Its impact has been historically unprecedented. While the availability of and access to the WWW appears to be ubiquitous, it is not. The expansion of this marvelous Information Communication Technology (ICT) has not penetrated certain areas of the world resulting in a “digital divide.” This chapter discusses this digital divide. It first defines the term and then it moves to discuss the origins of the term. From there, the chapter moves to present concrete evidence of how the digital divide has negatively impacted the global community. Finally, it names and evaluates the efforts of different organizations and agencies to resolve the digital divide. It concludes with a prospectus on the future challenges of information communication technology vis-à-vis the digital divide.
A Trust Case-Based Model Applied to Agents Collaboration
Authors: Boff Felipe , Lorenzi Fabiana
Published: June 2017

This paper shows an approach for developing a method that uses Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) for calculating trust levels in agents' collaboration. The proposed development foresees all interactions between agents are considered in the updating process of general trust level. These collaborations are also stored in a CBR database. Each new interaction calculates a situational trust level based on similar cases. This trust level will be weighed against the global trust level, creating an indicator based on the requested collaboration without excluding the collaboration history.
Privacy, Algorithmic Discrimination, and the Internet of Things
Authors: Winter Jenifer Sunrise
Published: June 2017

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm encompassing a wide range of developments that enable everyday objects to be tagged and uniquely identified over the Internet. The IoT ecosystem is comprised of networks of physical objects embedded with the ability to sense, and sometimes act upon, their environment, as well as related communication, applications, and data analytics. This chapter introduces the Internet of Things, addresses its definition and related concepts, outlines anticipated application areas, and highlights challenges for its development. Concerns about privacy, and surveillance, and unjust algorithmic discrimination are discussed.
Boosting the Social Development of the Majority Through the Creation of a Wireless Knowledge Society
Authors: Piaggesi Danilo
Published: June 2017

The advances and diffusion of information and communication technology (ICT), combined with the growth of the Internet have led to deep transformations in economic, social and institutional structures. ICT affects the performance of businesses and the efficiency of markets, fosters the empowerment of citizens and communities as well as their access to knowledge, and contributes to strengthening and redefining governance processes at all institutional levels. ICT is at the same time creating enormous opportunities and posing daunting challenges. On one hand, it has the potential to increase productivity and wealth, generate new activities, products and services, and improve the well-being of the population. On the other hand, the uneven distribution of such opportunities can lead to further alienation of marginalized communities and an exacerbation of existing socioeconomic inequalities. This article presents some of the best ICT practices aiming at boosting the social development of the Majority contributing to the creation of a wireless and inclusive Knowledge Society.
Knowledge Management From the Metaphorical Perspective
Authors: Bielenia-Grajewska Magdalena
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to present the notions connected with how knowledge management is communicated. The focus of investigation is on the place of metaphors in creating, acquiring and sharing data. The metaphorical side of knowledge management is discussed from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Thus, selected theories are supported with practical examples coming from diversified sources on knowledge management. The discussion aims at showing the positive and negative role of metaphors in various stages of knowledge management.
Predicting Students Grades Using Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Umair Sajid , Sharif Muhammad Majid
Published: June 2017

Prediction of student's performance on the basis of his habits has been a very important research topic in academics. Studies also show that selection of the correct data set also plays a vital role in these predictions. In this paper we took data from different schools that contains students habits and their comments, analyzed it using Latent Semantic Analysis to get out semantics and the used Support Vector Machine to classify data into two classes, important for prediction and not important, finally we used Artificial Neural Networks to predict the grades of students regression was also used predict data coming from Support Vector Machine, while giving only the important data for prediction.
Becoming Smart, Innovative, and Socially Responsible in Supply Chain Collaboration
Authors: Akyuz Goknur Arzu , Gursoy Guner
Published: June 2017

Collaboration is one of the key themes defining the competitive advantage of supply chains (SCs). In web-based global business arena witnessing Industry 4.0, collaboration across SC partners has to be smart, innovative and socially responsible to form value-creating networks. After exploring various concepts related with SC collaboration, this chapter proposes a conceptual maturity model for SC collaboration in increasing levels of integrity and collaboration scope. The model is unique in: establishing a standardized conceptual base; providing a systematic, process-oriented holistic view for multi-partner SC maturity; offering precise mapping of SC processes onto stages with full process coverage; extending CPFR model; defining maturity stages for advanced, strategic collaboration types (like collaborative performance and risk management, collaborative systems assurance and development, collaborative innovation); explicitly incorporating smartness, innovation and social responsibility concepts; and treating relatively recent terminology such as “virtual networks” and “coalescence”.
E-Commerce in Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Authors: Kayikci Yasanur
Published: June 2017

As the electronic communication and digital information continuous to grow with extensive popularization and application of Internet technology, social economy is experiencing a fundamental change. The new economy of e-commerce solutions and global trade have forced companies to redefine their corporate strategies and to redesign their business models. E-commerce is bringing extensive growth and a landscape of continuing change in managing logistics and supply chain operations. This chapter describes the e-commerce and the evolution of logistics and supply chain and trends of e-commerce in logistics and supply chains. It gives the discussion on the integrated e-commerce and e-commerce logistics and finally, it ends with future research directions and conclusion.
Radio Frequency Identification Systems Within a Lean Supply Chain in a Global Environment
Authors: Smith Alan D. , Damron Terry Stringer , Cockrell Susan , Melton Amye M.
Published: June 2017

Managing supply chain relationships or working with suppliers to meet the goal of waste reduction are essential functions for successful businesses. There are several disruption risks associated in supply chains, of which few can argue that the disruption of communication, especially product identification and data capture, is the most important potential bottlenecks. It is important in a lean environment to identify potentially disruptive supply chain events for each node in the network. The use of RFID and related IT-intensive technologies can greatly aid management in its quest for more robust and agile supply chains, especially in an offshoring/outsourcing environment.
Sustainable Competitive Advantage With the Balanced Scorecard Approach
Authors: Gomes Jorge , Romão Mário José Batista
Published: June 2017

Why are some firms more successful than others? This question has been intensely debated by strategic management researchers over the last thirty years. Competitive advantage is recognised as being the major cause for explaining top organizational performance and is a fundamental goal of academic strategic management studies. Recently, there has been an increasing amount of empirical research on the subject of competitive advantage (Ray et al., 2004; Newbert, 2008) and about distinguishing competitive advantage from organisational performance (Powell, 2001). The relevance of competitive advantage is not simply determined by external factors, but also by those internal sources that have been considered critical for successful organisations.
Transformational Leadership for Academic Libraries in Nigeria
Authors: Ikolo Violet E.
Published: June 2017

The institutional environment confronting leaders of academic libraries has never been more complex and challenging in Nigeria. With advancement in technology, the core role, purpose, and function of the academic library has changed drastically. Newly emerging information services and capabilities frequently outstrip available resources. There is an increasing need for library leaders to provide articulate, strategic leadership that will not only motivate subordinates to be totally committed to their jobs but also ensure that the relevance of the services offered by the library remains above board. The focus of this chapter is to explore the current changes evident in academic libraries, identify the practices of transformational leaders. the chapter also focuses on three areas where transformational leadership can apply in academic libraries in Nigeria as well as suggestions on how the future transformational leaders in librarianship can be nurtured.
Comprehensive E-Learning Appraisal System
Authors: Anton Jose Luis Monroy , Soriano Juan Vicente Izquierdo , Martinez Maria Isabel Asensio , Garcia Felix Buendia
Published: June 2017

The healthcare sector in the XXI century presents a big technological development that covers a broad knowledge. All fields of medicine are deepening their knowledge, which increases the volume of material that must be handled by professionals in each specialty. This large volume of material should be taken into account by health professionals, because it contributes to a better quality of care. The traditional way of teaching has been face-to-face classes; however, with rising technologies, virtual training via computers and virtual teachers are being implemented in some institutions. This change in the way of teaching also leads to changes in how to assess the knowledge gained through this method of learning. The aim of this paper is to provide a small analysis of online training courses for health professionals, and deepen into an appraisal system developed to integrate different complementary variables, and how they can be implemented as a method addressed to assess online courses in a more comprehensive way.
Integrating Evidence-Based Practice in Athletic Training Though Online Learning
Authors: Vorndran Brittany A. , D'Abundo Michelle Lee
Published: June 2017

Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves a health care professional using his or her own knowledge, the current research published, and the needs of the patient to make the best clinical decision. This has been a hot topic in many different branches of healthcare and recently athletic trainers have begun to embrace its importance. In December of 2015, athletic trainers (ATs) will need to have completed ten of their fifty continuing education units (CEUs) in EBP to maintain certification. While ATs recognize the significance of implementing EBP into clinical decision making, there are many barriers slowing the change. This chapter includes information about how EBP is currently being used by athletic training clinicians and educators, the barriers ATs perceive to using EBP, the importance of using EBP, and managing the transition needed to successfully adopt the use of EBP. Online learning will be reviewed as the primary method of diffusing EBP into the profession of Athletic Training.
Identification of Wireless Devices From Their Physical Layer Radio-Frequency Fingerprints
Authors: Baldini Gianmarco , Steri Gary , Giuliani Raimondo
Published: June 2017

Extensive research has been performed in recent years for the identification of wireless devices from their radio frequency (RF) emissions. The main idea of identifying a wireless device through its RF emissions is that the electronic circuits and the RF components have specific characteristics determined by the production and manufacturing processes. These characteristics, which result in unique differences, can be used to distinguish a wireless device from another because they appear as subtle modification of the RF signal in space even if the wireless device generates a signal conformant to the standard. This chapter describes the main techniques for the fingerprinting of wireless devices using their RF transmission. There are still however some key challenges to overcome. This chapter tries to identify them in this context as well as providing possible approaches to solve them. Further research work is needed to investigate the portability issues between fingerprints taken using different receivers, as well as to identify and remove potential other sources of bias.