bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of CURB-65 and Pneumonia Severity Index for Influenza A H1N1v pneumonia
Authors: Estella Angel
Published: December 2015

Background. Different prognostic scales have been documented to assess the severity and indications for hospitalization and ICU admissions of community acquired pneumonia. During the past two years Influenza A H1N1v infections have been commonly attended to in emergency departments. The aim of the study was to analyse the usefulness of the application of the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and CURB-65 prognostic scales in patients with primary viral pneumonia caused by influenza A H1N1v. Methods. A retrospective study was performed at a community hospital with a 17 bed-Intensive Care Unit. Patients admitted in hospital with influenza A H1N1v pneumonia over a two year period were analysed. CURB 65 and PSI scales were applied in the emergency department and outcome and destination of admission were analysed. Results. 24 patients were registered, 19 required ICU admission and 5 patients were admitted in medical wards. Most of the patients admitted to the intensive care unit (78.9%) required mechanical ventilation. Mortality was 21.1%. Most patients admitted to the ICU had CURB 65 scale of 1 (60%), 13.3% obtained 0 and 26.7% 2. PSI scale resulted class I in a 20%, class II 40%, 26.7% class IV and 13.3% class V. The scales CURB 65 and PSI showed no differences in scores according to the destination of admission and mortality. Conclusions. Use of CURB-65 and PSI in the emergency department may underestimate the risk of patients with Influenza A H1N1v pneumonia. Based in our results, the ability of these scales to predict ICU admissions for Influenza A H1N1v pneumonia is questioned.
Is the type of chronic pulmonary infection a determinant of lung function outcomes in adult patients with cystic fibrosis?
Authors: Lopes A.J. , Mafort T.T. , De SÃ¡ Ferreira A. , Santos de Castro M.C. , De CÃ¡ssia Firmida M. , De Andrade Marques E.
Published: December 2015

Background and Aim. Lung function abnormalities are the main factors responsible for the high mortality of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It is not yet clear whether Burkholderia cepacia infection causes more pronounced loss of lung function than Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Our primary objective was to compare the lung function of adult CF patients with different chronic pulmonary infections. Our second objective was to compare the microbiology using patientsâ€™ genetic status. Methods. Fifty-two adult CF patients were divided into 3 groups according to their chronic pulmonary infection profile. All subjects underwent clinical evaluation, pulmonary function tests (PFT) and genetic analysis. Results. The PFT parameters of chronically infected patients were significantly different from those of subjects without pulmonary infection (p < 0.0001). FVC was significantly more altered in patients infected with B. cepacia complex (p < 0.0001); in contrast, FEF25-75% was significantly more altered in patients with P. aeruginosa infection (p < 0.0001). In the groups with chronic P. aeruginosa infection and chronic B. cepacia complex infection, 58.1% and 10% of patients were homozygous for Î”F508, respectively. In addition to chronic infections, pancreatic insufficiency was also associated with lung function deterioration. Conclusion. Chronic pulmonary infection and pancreatic insufficiency are critical processes in lung function deterioration in adult CF patients. Although chronic B. cepacia complex infection causes a more pronounced lung volume reduction, chronic P. aeruginosa infection causes a more pronounced obstruction of small airways. Our results also suggest that Î”F508-homozygous patients are more susceptible to chronic P. aeruginosa infection.
Pulmonary function in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at disease onset
Authors: Chandrasoma B. , Balfe D. , Naik T. , Elsayegh A. , Lewis M. , Mosenifar Z.
Published: December 2015

Background. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting both the upper and lower motor neurons. Deteriorating pulmonary function as a reflection of progressive respiratory muscle weakness is a common feature, accounting for the majority of deaths. The aim of the study was to describe a trend in initial pulmonary function tests (PFT) of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients, in addition, differentiating between the types of disease onset, bulbar, limb muscle, and a combination. Methods. Initial PFT were gathered from 32 consecutive patients in our clinic with the diagnosis of ALS, they were categorized by the type of disease onset. Values obtained were referenced to the 95% confidence limits for normality. Results. There was evidence of significant reductions in both the FEV1 (64.7% predicted) and FVC (61.2%), with preservation of the FEV1/FVC (81.7%). The MVV was significantly reduced(43%). Total lung capacity was 93.2%, the residual volumes was increased at 145.7%. Subgroup analysis failed to show significant differences between types of disease onset. In the bulbar onset group (versus the limb group) there was a trend for the MVV to be further reduced (p=0.15) and the RV to be higher (157.4% versus 135.9%, P=0.24). Conclusions. ALS is a devastating disease that invariably leads to respiratory failure. Abnormal spirometric variables such as the FVC and MVV, likely reflect inspiratory muscle weakness and increased RV likely reflect expiratory muscle weakness. The type of disease onset did not result in a different pattern of PFT abnormalities.
Fire-Eaterâ€™s Pneumonia: a likely hazard not uncommon in fire eaters
Authors: Re G. , Candoli P. , Dazzani F.
Published: December 2015

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The dark side of the moon: severe therapy-resistant asthma in children
Authors: De Benedictis F.M. , Carloni I. , Bush A.
Published: December 2015

Problematic severe asthma is the term used to describe children whose asthma is not responsive to standard therapy with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and additional controllers. These children need to be assessed by a step-wise systematic protocol in order to confirm the diagnosis, evaluate co-morbidities, assess the adherence to treatment, and finally evaluate the basic management. More than half of these children have â€œdifficult-to-treat asthmaâ€, which improves if the basic management is correct. Children whose asthma remains uncontrolled despite resolution of any reversible factors are termed â€œsevere therapy-resistantâ€ asthmatics; for them, an individualised treatment plan is developed after a detailed and invasive protocol of investigation. Therapeutic options for these patients can be divided into medications used in lower doses for children with less severe asthma, and those used in other pediatric diseases but not for asthma. Most treatments are unlicensed and there is a lack of high-quality evidence. Children with recurrent severe exacerbations, in particular in the context of good baseline asthma control, are particularly difficult to treat, and there is no evidence on which therapeutic option to recommend. International collaborations, using standard protocols of investigation, are needed to better understand mechanisms of severe therapy-resistant asthma and to deliver evidence-based treatments in the future.
Induced sputum in the management of COPD: clinical implications
Authors: Zanini A. , Della Patrona S. , Facchini A.L. , Spanevello A.
Published: December 2015

Sputum induction can be used as a non-invasive technique to investigate airway inflammation in asthma and COPD. We reported the case of a 68 year old man with COPD, stage III GOLD, that underwent sputum induction during two exacerbation episodes. The first cell count showed a typical sputum neutrophilia, whereas the second showed sputum eosinophilia. On the basis of sputum cellularity, we decided to treat the first episode with a course of antibiotics and the second exacerbation with a course of antibiotics and oral steroids. The patient showed improvement in both cases, obtaining clinical stabilisation. The induced sputum cell count could be a useful technique in a clinical setting to evaluate the cellular characteristics of airway inflammation during COPD exacerbation and modulate the antinflammatory therapy.
Effusion under the microscope
Authors: Chong S.G. , Chauhan Z. , Di Nino E. , Brien A.O. , Casserly B.P
Published: December 2015

Pseudochylothorax is a very rare form of pleural effusion. It is also called chyliform or cholesterol pleural effusion. It is usually a unilateral process and approximately one-third of patients are asymptomatic at presentation. We report a case of a 60 year old man with a background of rheumatoid arthritis who presented with progressive dyspnea. Chest X-ray revealed a new left pleural effusion and a small persistent right pleural effusion. He presented 5 years prior due to recurrent pleural effusion and no diagnosis was made. Repeat thoracentesis yielded 350 milliliters of thick, milky, tan-colored fluid.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis mimicking multiple pulmonary metastases
Authors: Majori M. , Anghinolfi M. , Scarascia A. , Gnetti L. , Pavarani A. , Casalini A.
Published: December 2015

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Fossil Bibionidae, Diptera, from British Columbia
Authors: Rice H M A
Published: December 2015

Tertiary Bibionidae belonging to the genera Penthetria and Plecia in the collections of the Geological Survey of Canada are described and figured. In all ninety-one specimens are illustrated belonging to twenty-one species. Fifteen of the species were previously
described by Handlirsch and Scudder. These have been refigured and redescribed, and to some extent regrouped, as additional intergrading specimens have shown that some forms believed to be of distinct species are in reality members of a single species. The wing of every specimen has been drawn and
many measurements are listed.
Jurassic faunas of the Canadian Arctic, Lower Jurassic and lowermost Middle Jurassic ammonites
Authors: Frebold H
Published: December 2015

Lower Jurassic and lower Bajocian faunas are widely distributed in the Canadian Arctic, particularly in the Arctic Archipelago, where marine lower Sinemurian, Toarcian, and Bajocian are represented. In the Aklavik Range (northeastern Richardson Mountains, Arctic
Coast region) lower and upper Sinemurian rocks are present; farther to the west lower Sinemurian, upper Pliensbacbian, Toarcian and Bajocian are indicated. The index ammonites described in this paper are: lower Sinemurian-Arietites sensu lato gen. et sp. indet.; upper Sinemurian, zone of
Oxynoticeras oxynotum- 0 . oxynotum (Quenstedt), Gleviceras ? sp. indet., Arctoasteroceras jeletzkyi n. gen., n. sp.; upper Sinemurian, probably zone of Echioceras raricostatum-Echioceras sensu lato sp. indet.; Pliensbachian- zone of Amaltheus margaritatus- Amaltheus sp.; Toarcian- Dactylioceras
commune (Sowerby), Catacoeloceras spinatum (Frebold), Catacoeloceras po/are (Frebold), Harpoceras cf. exaratum (Young and Bird), Pseudolioceras aff. compactile (Simpson), Grammoceras ? sp. indet.; Bajocian- L eioceras opalinum (Reinecke), Pseudolioceras m'clintocki (Haughton), Pleydellia ? sp.
indet., Erycites cf. howelli (White). Both in the Richardson Mountains and on the islands the sequence is very incomplete; the Hettangian and most of the Pliensbachian are apparently entirely absent, or, in the case of the Hettangian possibly represented by nonmarine deposits locally. Fauna! gaps
occur in the Sinemurian and Toarcian. Compared with the northwest European standard section of the Lower Jurassic only six of the seventeen ammonite zones are found in the Canadian Arctic. Several transgressions and regressions took place in this area during the Early Jurassic and Bajocian. Close
fauna! and stratigraphic relationships with the Barents shelf and East Greenland are established. Zoogeographically most of the ammonites belong or are related to species of world-wide distribution.
Gneisses of the Kipawa District, western Quebec, Grenville Sub-province of Canadian Shield
Authors: Harry W T
Published: December 2015

A banded gneiss complex at Lake Kipawa largely consists of foliated migmatitic granitic and granodioritic gneisses apparently emplaced by both intrusion and replacement of earlier gneisses, including recognizable Meta sediments. The granitic gneisses commonly
vein and permeate the granodioritic gneisses but the reverse relationship has not been observed. Epidote is a common minor constituent of the gneiss complex and its formation presents a problem that is briefly discussed. The banded gneiss complex has suffered much complex para crystalline
deformation. Folding along gently plunging axes of northeast to north northeast trend and cross-folding roughly at right angles to these directions have taken place. The most prominent foliation planes are largely if not wholly due to slip, and the tectonic style is indicative of unrestricted
transport. Quartz and mica fabric diagrams possess monoclinic or triclinic symmetry and show strong girdles with axes of variable but commonly sub horizontal northeast to north-northeast orientation.
Cephalopoda of the Ottawa Formation of the Ottawa - St Lawrence Lowland
Authors: Wilson A E
Published: December 2015

This bulletin describes and illustrates every form of Cephalopoda yet found in the Ottawa formation (Middle Ordovician) of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland. Eighty-two species are described comprising forty-one genera, of these species twenty-four are
new.
The Jurassic faunas of the Canadian Arctic, middle and upper Jurassic, ammonites
Authors: Frebold H
Published: December 2015

Middle and Upper Jurassic faunas have a wide distribution in the Canadian Arctic. The following index ammonites indicate the presence of various stages: Leioceras opa/inum, Pseudolioceras m'c/intocki (see Frebold, 1960) , and Erycites cf. E. howelli (lower
Bajocian) ; Cranocephalites borealis and C. warreni n. sp. (probably upper Bajocian) ; Arkel/oceras tozeri, A. mc/earni, and Z etoceras thorsteinssoni n. sp. (probably upper Bajocian-lower Bathonian) ; Cranocephalites vulgaris (lower Bathonian); Arctocepha/ites elegans and A. cf. A. ornatus (middle
Bathonian), Arcticoceras kochi and A. ishmae (upper Bathonian); Cadoceras spp. (upper Bathonian-lower Callovian) ; Cardioceras ex aff. C. mi rum (lower Oxfordian) ; Amoeboceras (upper Oxfordian-lower Kimmeridgian); Dorsoplanites spp. and Pavlovia? (?lower Volgian). No upper Volgian is indicated by
ammonites, but Berriasian is present (Subcraspedites, Tallia, not described in this paper) .Some of the index ammonites have a restricted distribution in Arctic Canada as for example Erycites, Cranocephalites borealis, C. warreni and Arctocephalites that are known only from the Richardson and
British Mountains region, and Arkelloceras, Cranocephalites vulgaris, Cardioceras and others, that seem to be restricted to some of the islands. Some of these differences may be explained by incomplete collecting, but others may be due to gaps in the sequences. There are close relationships with
other Arctic faunas, particularly with East Greenland and the Chatanga region in northern Siberia. The manifestation of the boreal fauna realm took p lace in the Bajocian; the main connections of the boreal sea, which were closed at various times, were through the Scandic, the north Russian seaway
and the north Siberian seaway.
Spores with proximal radial pattern from the Devonian of Canada
Authors: McGregor D C
Published: December 2015

Five species and one additional type of spores of Devonian age are included in a new genus, Emphanisporites. All but one of the species of spores described are new. They are characterized by radially disposed thickenings of the proximal wall. The wide geographic
extent of spores of this genus, whose parents have not yet been recognized, is evidence of an ubiquitous floral element existing contemporaneously with the so-called "Psilophyton flora". Available evidence restricts the range of Emphanisporites to the Lower and Middle
Devonian.
Contributions to Canadian paleontology part 1
Authors: Hill D , Sinclair G W
Published: December 2015

The type specimen of P. rugosum and Nicholson's thin sections of N. billingsii are described and figured. Palaeophyllum is shown to be distinct from Streptelasma and the Streptelasmatina and similar to Co/11mnaria, and is placed in the Columnariina.
Columniphyllum Quenstedt 1879 is discussed, its type species selected and it becomes an objective synonym of Co/umnaria Goldfuss 1826. The family relationships of Columnaria sulcata are discussed and further study on European species is shown to be necessary before the nominal ordinal position of
the Phillipsastraeidae can be safely established. Nyctopora is considered to belong to the family Syringophyllidae Pocta 1902.
Palaeomagnetism of part of the Purcell System in southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia
Authors: Black R F
Published: December 2015

The Precambrian Purcell System (Belt) is separated from overlying Cambrian strata by a major unconformity, which leaves the age of the Purcell in doubt. Absolute age determinations on associated material range from 710 to 1,200 million years, and are at best a
minimum range. An analysis of oriented samples from six Purcell formations was made in the hope that an age could be assigned from the magnetic data obtained. Final results indicated magnetic stability in four of the sedimentary formations. Calculations based on a study of seventy-five samples
collected from the stable formations revealed no significant difference in the mean direction of the magnetic moments between the lowest (Waterton) and the uppermost (Kintla) stable formations. An estimate of the coordinates of the ancient geomagnetic pole for Purcell time is calculated to be
148.0°W longitude and l0.0°S latitude. Estimates of the age of the Purcell System are given by a comparison of its pole position with those for other North American late Precambrian formations. DuBois (1962) suggests an early Keweenawan age based on polar wandering interpretation that the
Belt Series is definitely older than the Duluth Gabbro of middle Keweenawan age (1,120 m.y.). The author suggests a possible upper Keweenawan age, based on polar wandering interpretation that places the age of the Purcell at approximately 900 to 1,000 million years younger than the Duluth
Gabbro.
Potassium-argon dating of rocks north and south of the Grenville Front in the Val D'or region, Quebec
Authors: Snelling N J
Published: December 2015

The potassium-argon method of geological age measurement was applied to a study of the relative ages of micaceous minerals from igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Superior and Grenville provinces of the Canadian Shield. The metamorphic rocks on either side of
the boundary between these provinces were sampled in detail, as were the various facies of the Preissac-Lacorne batholith and associated metamorphic country rocks. Although biotites appear to lose a fraction of their radiogenic argon (about 10 per cent), the ages determined may be successfully
employed to date metamorphic episodes. The following time-sequence of events in the Val d'Or region is suggested: 1. The Preissac-Lacorne batholith was emplaced at least 2,635 million years ago, based on the average age determined for muscovites from the batholith. 2. This date, 2,635 million years,
may be taken as the lower limit of the age of the orogenic episode that brought about the deformation and metamorphism of the rocks of the Abitibi Group. 3. The metamorphism of the Pontiac schist and the granitization of the Ottawa Mountain granite belt occurred somewhat later but were certainly
initiated over 2,000 million years ago. 4. Metamorphism of garnet gneisses of the Grenville province occurred from 850 to 1,000 million years ago. This is in substantial agreement with dates obtained on pegmatitic micas and uraninites from elsewhere in the Grenville province. An abrupt change in age
from 950 to 2,205 million years has been found between the Grenville and Superior provinces, within a maximum distance of 5 miles, corresponding to a sharply defined change in the degree of metamorphism. Biotite from a single schist outcrop within this 5-mile interval yielded an intermediate age of
1,695 million years.
Flora of Pennsylvanian Pictou Group of New Brunswick
Authors: Bell W A
Published: December 2015

In New Brunswick, the Pictou group, which underlies an area of about 9,500 square miles, is the only Carboniferous group that contains workable coal. Most of the plant remains described are from the Minto and Clifton formations, and from shales above a thin coal
seam at Beersville. Those from the two formations are approximately the same age, and are equivalent to that of a lower part of the Linopteris obliqua zone of Sydney coalfield. Plants from Beersville and from a few other localities in the southeastern part of the province are younger and correspond
in age to an uppermost part of the Linopteris obliqua zone, or less probably to a basal part of the Ptychocarpus unitus zone. Of fifty-eight specifically named species described, fifty-three are assigned to species previously described, and forty-two of these occur also in the Sydney coalfield; four
of them, viz., Bellopteris corsini (Radforth and Walton), Pecopteridium sullivanti (Lesquereux), Saportaea dispar (Dawson), and Cordaitanthus rhabdocarpi (Dawson), are given new combinations. Four new species are described, viz., Sphenopteris barbalata, Sphenopteris hirticula, Pecopteris (
Asterotheca) acadica, and Gymnostrobus wilsoni, of which Pecopteris acadica occurs also in the Sydney coalfield.
Palaeomagnetic study of the Sudbury Irruptive
Authors: Sopher S R
Published: December 2015

The palaeomagnetic study of the Sudbury irruptive illustrates the value of palaeomagnetic investigations as an aid in solving certain geological and structural problems. The north and south ranges of the Sudbury irruptive are found to have undergone a relative
folding of approximately 30 to 40 degrees after emplacement. The east and northeast parts of the irruptive have been folded as well towards the inside of the basin. The amount of folding is insufficient to support Collins' hypothesis of an originally flat body or Hamilton's hypothesis of an
extrusive origin. A modification of Wilson's funnel-shaped intrusion hypothesis appears to fulfil satisfactorily the geological and geophysical requirements. The coordinates for the palaeo-geomagnetic pole positions for the irruptive rocks are found to be appreciably different from those for the
olivine diabase dykes. In some places where the diabase intrudes the norite, the resultant direction of magnetization conforms locally with that of the dykes. Correlation with pole positions from other North American Precambrian rocks indicates that a considerable time interval separated their
respective times of intrusion, the diabase dykes being the younger.
Canadian fossil ostracoda conchostraca eurypterida, and phyllocarida
Authors: Copeland M J
Published: December 2015

Continued research on certain Paheozoic arthropod faunas of Eastern and Arctic Canada has revealed the presence of several well-preserved and diversified Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian faunas. These include numerous new and previously recorded species of
Ostracoda, Conchostraca, Eurypterida, and Phyllocarida.
Contributions to Canadian palaeontology, stromatoporoid - northeastern Alberta
Authors: Stearn C W , Norford B S
Published: December 2015

Stromatoporoids occur abundantly in the Devonian of Western Canada and have up to the present received little systematic study. The fauna described in this report was collected from the Waterways Formation, an Upper Devonian formation widespread in northern
Alberta. Ten new species are described, and are assigned to the families Actinostrornatidae, ldiostromatidae, and Stromatoporidae; six genera are represented.
Contributions to Canadian paleontology: part I - Lower Triassic Ammonoids from Tuchodi Lakes and halfway river areas, northeastern British Columbia; Part Ii - Liardites and Maclearnoceras, New Triassic Ammonoids from the Nathorstites zone of British Columbia
Authors: Tozer E T
Published: December 2015

Ammonoids of early Lower Triassic (Induan) age are recorded from the Grayling and equivalent formations of northeastern British Columbia. These ammonoids evidently represent faunas of Gyronitan or Flemingitan age, and not earliest Triassic (Otoceratan) time.
Arcloceras and Juveniles of late Lower Triassic (Olenekian) age are also recorded from equivalents of the Toad Formation. These fossils indicate an approximate correlation with the previously known Wasalchiles fauna. One new genus (Dunediniles) and six new species of lnduan ammonoids are described
(Paranoriles sverdrupi, Koninckites columbianus, Proplychiles mulleri, Proptychiles newelli, Proplychiles kummeli, and Dunediniles pinguis). The type locality of Paranoriles sverdrupi is Ellesmere Island, the remainder are from British Columbia. One new Olenekian ammonoid (Juveniles needhami) is
also described
Basic intrusions of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, district of Franklin
Authors: Blackadar R G
Published: December 2015

A suite of basic igneous rocks is widely distributed throughout the Queen Elizabeth Islands of Arctic Canada and is intrusive ma inly into strata of Mesozoic age. Da ta from about 100 modal analyses and 10 chemical analyses show that these basic rocks are
lithologically alike. Two periods of intrusive activity are postulated, one in the late Cretaceous and the other in the early Tertiary. Similarities between these rocks and those of the Thulean or North Atlantic petrographic province suggest that the activity in the Canadian Arctic may represent a
period of intrusion parallel in time to the later stages of activity in the North Atlantic region.
Geochemical study of some chert and related deposits
Authors: Maxwell J A
Published: December 2015

A geochemical and petrographical study of twenty-four specimens of high-silica natural materials, including chert, novaculite, flint, mclikaria, oolite, algal (?) core, jaspilite. chalcedony, breccia cement and petrified wood, shows that the minor and trace
elements in these samples are attributable to the nonsilica minerals in the specimens. These include clay minerals, limonite or secondary iron oxides, calcite, dolomite, sericite, pyrite, biotile, magnetite, hematite, aragonite, and carbonaceous m:.itter. Water and aluminium can be correlated
directly with the clay minerals, iron with the iron oxides, calcium, magnesium, and carbon dioxide with calcite and dolomite, potassium and sodium with clay and sericite. Only in germanium is there some indication that diadochic substitution of the silicon may have occurred, and this only to a very
minor degree. Although the minor and trace element composition of some specimens reflects the composition of the sediments in which they occur, other specimens exhibit a remarkable freedom from such a relationship.
Diabase-gabbro sills and related rocks of Banks and Victoria Islands, Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Christie R L
Published: December 2015

Diabasic and gabbroic sills and dykes characterize the Precambrian formations of Banks and Victoria Islands, and contribute considerably to the total thickness of the enclosing sedimentary section. The sills are thickest and most numerous near exposures of the
basaltic volcanic Natkusiak Formation. The two groups of rocks are petrographically similar, and presumably are closely related in time and origin. A palaeomagnetism reconnaissance suggests the presence of magnetically stable rocks.
Chemical analyses of Canadian rocks, minerals, and ores
Authors: Maxwell J A , Dawson K R
Published: December 2015

Chemical analyses of rocks and minerals, complete and partial, from the publications and files of the Geological Survey of Canada are compiled for the period 1846-1955. Only those analyses originally published by the Survey or contained in unpublished Survey
reports are listed. Included are 298 igneous, 185 metamorphic, and 347 sedimentary rocks, 383 minerals, and 97 ores. Each analysis is accompanied by its name, geographic location (both descriptive and according to the National Topographic System Index), geological occurrence, petrographic
description, and reference. The specific gravity of the specimen is provided when known, and norms have been calculated for most of the igneous rocks. The analyses have been numbered in increasing order from the igneous intrusive rocks through the ores, and related analyses are indicated by a cross
reference system. A name index and a geographic index are provided, as well as a list of the references from which the analyses are taken.
Fauna of the Devonian Horn Plateau formation, district of Mackenzie
Authors: McLaren D J , Norris A W
Published: December 2015

The Horn Plateau Formation is a small, circular, reef-like, richly fossiliferous limestone body outcropping on the east flank of Horn Plateau 53 mi les north of Fort Providence. The reef is developed within either the upper part of the Middle Devonian Horn River
Formation or strata mapped as the lower part of the Upper Devonian Fort Simpson Formation, both of which consist largely of shales. The fauna is unusual in that most of it has not been observed elsewhere in the Devonian of the Mackenzie region. The Horn Plateau fauna occurs above Leiorhy11ch11s
casta11ea (Meek) and associated fossils characteristic of the upper ha lf of the Pine Point Formation and equivalent beds of the Great Slave Lake region. The Horn Plateau Formation is presumed to be equivalent Lo or younger than the Sulphur Point, Presqu'il e, and Kee Scarp Formations. In Part II
one species of tabulate and thirteen species of rugose corals are described, nine of them new. The genera include Favosites, Siphono- phrentis, Disphyllum, Cylindrophyllum, Grypophllum, Neostringophyllum, Australophyllun?, Heliophyllum, Cyathophyllum (Peripaedillum), Sinospo11gophyllum,
Stri11gophyllum (Sociophyllum), Leka11ophyllum, Cystiphyl/oides, Atelophyllum. As the coral fauna is as yet unknown elsewhere in the region, suggestions as to its age depend on consideration of generic ranges. The corals are of Middle Devonian type, probably of Givetian age, possibly late but not
latest. Difficulties in determination of the Givetian Frasnian boundary based on shelly faunas, however, are aggravated by the uncertainty of trans-Atlantic correlation, and the fact that the base of the Ma11ticoceras Zone in Rhenish facies is not as yet firmly correlated with the Ardennes shelly
facies sequence. In Pa rt III of this report twenty-five species comprising one pelecypod, twenty-three brachiopods of which ten are new, and one trilobite are described. Although most of these fossils are Middle Devoni an forms, three elements comprising species of Schizop/10ria, Spi11a1rypa, and
E!emherokomma, show close affinity but not identity with forms present in the basal Waterways Formation of northeastern Alberta.. Tt is concluded that the Horn Plateau Formation is of late Middle Devonian (Givetian) age and slightly older than the basal Waterways Formation, the age of which is still
an unsettled problem
Polarographic Determination of Aluminum in Rocks
Authors: Levine M
Published: December 2015

Three polarography methods for the determination of aluminum, all involving complex formation with organic reagents, have been investigated for their application to the routine analysis of rocks. One method involving an aluminum-gluconate com- plex was found to
be impractical because o f a large hydrogen ion dependence, which would necessitate a too critical control of pH. A second method, based upon the reduction of an aluminum-di-ortho-hydroxyazo complex in acetate buffer of pH 4.7, could not be used for the determination of Al20 3 in amounts greater
than 7 per cent because of the low solubility of the aluminum-dye complex. The third method, similar to the second, makes use of a more soluble analogue of the above organic compound, synthesized for the purpose, which permits the determination of aluminum in rocks over the range of about 1-20 per
cent Al20 3 with a maximum error of 3 per cent. A study of possible interfering ions indicated that only titanium, iron, nickel, thorium, and uranium ions need be considered among the cations, and fluoride among the anions. A preliminary mercury cathode electrolyse is removes iron and nickel, and
thorium and uranium generally occur in negligible amounts. Titanium can be tolerated in amounts up to 3 per cent Ti02 without serious interference, and in higher amounts if special precautions are taken. The effects of temperature and time of standing upon the complex were also
studied.
Petrology and Geochemistry of the Griffis Lake Ultrabasic Sill of the Central Labrador Trough, Quebec
Authors: Fahrig W F
Published: December 2015

'Alpine-type' peridotite sills occur in the predominantly volcanic sequence along the eastern s ide of the Labrador Trough. Individual sills are more than 2, 000 feet thick, and have been traced for more than 20 miles along strike. One of these, the Griffis Lake
sill, is described in detail. The ultrabasic rocks probably were origin ally feldspathic peridotite, with 50 to 60 percent olivine, but were intensely serpentinized and later locally steatitized along structurally controlled zones. Olivine crystals in the sills how a preferred orientation, which, in
the absence of evidence of fractional crystallization or of high temperature contact effects, suggests intrusion of olivine crystals in a silicate liquid of gabbroic composition. The lower and upper parts of the s ill s are more gabbroic than the central parts, very likely because of mechanical
crowding of olivine crystals towards the central part of the sills during intrusion. Nickel is almost twice as abundant as chromium in the Griffis Lake sill, which is probably the result of extreme differentiation of basic parent magma prior to the in trusion of the ultrabasic material. Most of the
ultrabasic sills are overlain by thick gabbro sill s, but chemical data suggest that the ultrabasic rocks and the gabbros were intruded independently and arc not the result of fractional crystallization in place. The ultrabasic rocks may have been intruded prior to or during the folding of the
enclosing volcanic rocks.
The expected and actual communication of health care workers during the management of intrapartum: An interpretive multiple case study
Authors: M'Rithaa Doreen K.M. , Fawcus Sue , Korpela Mikko , De la Harpe Retha
Published: December 2015

Background: Daily activities within a health care organisation are mediated by information communication processes (ICP) involving multiple health care professionals at different levels of care. Effective perinatal management requires critical information to be accurately communicated. If there is a breakdown in this communication patient safety is at risk for various reasons such as: inadequate critical information, misconception of information and uninformed decisions being made. The purpose of this study was to interpret the complexities around ICP in order to contribute to the effective management of the intrapartum period.Methods: Multi method, multiple case study approach was used to understand the ICP during the management of the intrapartum period. During the study, the expected ICP, the actual ICP, the challenges involved and the desired ICP were analysed. Twenty-four in-depth interviews with skilled birth attendants (SBAs) employing observer-as-participant roles, field notes, and document review methods were utilised to gather the data. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data using Atlas TI software.Results: The study revealed three subthemes which emerged from the expected ICP, whilst three others that emerged formed the theme actual ICP. The subthemes from the expected ICP included: accessibility of obstetric services, expected referral, recommended tools, expected communication and expected documentation. The theme actual ICP held threee merging subthemes: the handover processes, collaborative information seeking, information communicated and referral processes.Conclusion: This study showed that what was expected was not what was actually happening. The requirements of the policies and protocols need to be effectively implemented to improve practice building these into current biomedical guidelines.
A High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) Method for Simultaneous Determination of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride and Naproxen Sodium in Tablets
Authors: Bhole R.P. , Shinde S.S. , Chitlange S.S. , Wankhede S.B.
Published: December 2015

A rapid and simple high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method with densitometry at 230 nm was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) and naproxen sodium (NPS) from pharmaceutical preparation. The separation was carried out on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 using mobile phase toluene:methanol:glacial acetic acid (7.5:1:0.2, v/v/v). The linearity range lies between 200 and 1200 ng/band for DPH and 1760 and 10,560 ng/band for NPS with correlation coefficients of 0.994 and 0.995, respectively. The Rf value for DPH is 0.20 ± 0.05 and for NPS is 0.61 ± 0.06. % Recoveries of DPH and NPS was in the range of 99.70%-99.95% and 99.63%-99.95%, respectively. Limit of detection value for DPH was 13.21 ng/band and for NPS was 8.03 ng/band. Limit of quantitation value for DPH was 40.06 ng/band and for NPS was 24.34 ng/band. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. In stability testing, DPH was found unstable to acid and alkaline hydrolysis, and DPH and NPS were found unstable to oxidation, whereas both the drugs were stable to neutral and photodegradation. The proposed method was successfully applied for the routine quantitative analysis of dosage form containing DPH and NPS.
Low High-Density Lipoprotein and Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ramirez A. , Hu P. P.
Published: December 2015

Low HDL is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. This paper reviews our current understanding of HDL, HDL structure and function, HDL subclasses, the relationship of low HDL with myocardial infarction, HDL targeted therapy, and clinical trials and studies. Furthermore potential new agents, such as alirocumab (praluent) and evolocumab (repatha) are discussed.
$L_1$-estimates for eigenfunctions of the Dirichlet Laplacian
Authors: van den Berg Michiel , Hempel Rainer , Voigt Jürgen
Published: December 2015

For

d \in \mathbb N

and

\Omega \ne \emptyset

an open set in

\mathbb R^d

, we consider the eigenfunctions

\Phi

of the Dirichlet Laplacian

-\Delta_\Omega

of

\Omega

. If

\Phi

is associated with an eigenvalue below the essential spectrum of

-\Delta_\Omega

we provide estimates for the

L_1

-norm of

\Phi

in terms of its

L_2

-norm and spectral data. These

L_1

-estimates are then used in the comparison of the heat content of

\Omega

at time

t>0

and the heat trace at times

t' > 0

, where a two-sided estimate is established. We furthermore show that all eigenfunctions of

-\Delta_\Omega

which are associated with a discrete eigenvalue of

H_\Omega

, belong to

L_1(\Omega)

.
Неосцилляция уравнения четвертого порядка на графе
Authors: Kulaev Ruslan Chermenovich
Published: December 2015

В работе развивается теория неосцилляции уравнений четвертого порядка на геометрическом графе, возникающих при моделировании стержневых конструкций. Определение неосцилляции уравнения дается в терминах свойств специальной фундаментальной системы решений однородного уравнения. Устанавливается связь свойства неосцилляции со свойством положительности функции Грина некоторых классов краевых задач для уравнения четвертого порядка на графе. Также формулируется принцип максимума для уравнения четвертого порядка на графе и доказываются свойства дифференциальных неравенств.
Библиография: 25 названий.
Однородные системы с квадратичными интегралами, квазискобки Ли-Пуассона и метод Ковалевской
Authors: Bizyaev Ivan Alekseevich , Kozlov Valery Vasil'evich
Published: December 2015

Рассматриваются дифференциальные уравнения с квадратичными правыми частями, допускающие два квадратичных первых интеграла, один из которых - положительно определенная квадратичная форма. Указаны условия общего характера, при которых линейной заменой переменных эта система приводится к некоторому "каноническому" виду. При этих условиях система оказывается бездивергентной и приводится к гамильтоновой форме, однако соответствующая линейная скобка Ли-Пуассона не всегда удовлетворяет
тождеству Якоби. В трехмерном случае уравнения приводятся к классическим уравнениям волчка Эйлера, а в четырехмерном пространстве система оказывается суперинтегрируемой и совпадает с уравнениями
Эйлера-Пуанкаре на некоторой алгебре Ли. В пятимерном случае найден приводящий множитель, после умножения на который скобка Пуассона удовлетворяет тождеству Якоби. В общем случае при $n>5$ доказано
отсутствие приводящего множителя. В качестве примера рассмотрена система типа Лотки-Вольтерра с квадратичными правыми частями, изучавшаяся еще Ковалевской с точки зрения условий однозначности ее решений как функций комплексного времени.
Библиография: 38 названий.
Twintig jaar later…
Authors: Maas Ineke , Jansen Wim
Published: December 2015

Summary Twenty years later …In 1996, a group of Utrecht and Nijmegen based sociologists compiled a study on social segmentation in the Netherlands in 2015. In their contributions, they formulated testable predictions for 2015, based on the most up-to-date
theories, models, and data. In this issue of Mens & Maatschappij, authors look back at and test these predictions, using data collected since 1996. Key findings are summarized in this contribution.
Op rozen zitten, of op zwart zaad
Authors: Vrooman Cok , Wildeboer Schut Jean Marie
Published: December 2015

Summary A cushy life, or being dead broke: Two decades of income inequalityDid income inequality decrease since the 1990s due to less pronounced differentials in educational attainment among the Dutch population, as modernisation theory presumes? Have the
growing labour participation of women and the ensuing demise of the one-earner family translated into greater income disparities? And has public support for income redistribution dwindled? Various measures calculated over the tax data from the Income Panel Survey show that income inequality
did not become less in the Netherlands, but grew somewhat, especially since 2001. This is most clearly the case with regard to earned income, and less so for gross income. During the new millennium the weakest growth occurred in the inequality of disposable income, and here the overall picture
since 1990 is fairly stable. A decomposition analysis indicates that changes in educational attainment and in the average incomes of the lower, middle and higher educated hardly affected income inequality over time. The same applies to the rise in the number of people of non-western origin
and the altering income levels of ethnic groups. Changes in the number of earners per household, however, did alter income inequality. The rising share of comparatively poor single persons saw their average income deteriorate in the 2000s, while the affluent group of double earners grew in
size and generally experienced further income improvement. Over time, couples depending on one income became a rather small category, and their average amount of income decreased. Yet changes in people’s income sources were more important. This especially concerns the inequality enhancing
effect of the growth in the relative number of pensioners and self-employed in the 2000s, vis-à-vis the dwindling share of employees. However, this was mitigated by higher average pensions among the elderly and lower incomes of entrepreneurs. In public opinion 1991 proved to be a turning
point: The trend towards ever lower support for the redistribution of income that prevailed in the 1970s and 1980s reversed.
Dead time effect on the Brewer measurements: correction and estimated uncertainties
Authors: Fountoulakis I. , Redondas A. M. , Bais A. F. , Rodriguez-Franco J. J. , Fragkos K. , Cede A.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Brewer spectrophotometers are widely used instruments which perform spectral measurements of the direct and the global solar UV irradiance. By processing these measurements a variety of secondary products can be derived such as the total columns of ozone, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, and aerosol optical properties. Estimating and limiting the uncertainties of the final products is of critical importance. High quality data have a lot of applications and can provide accurate estimations of trends. The dead time is characteristic for each instrument and non-proper correction of the raw data for its effect may lead to important errors in the final products. It may change with time and the currently used methodology is not always sufficient to accurately determine the correct dead time. For specific cases, such as for low ozone slant columns and high intensities of the direct solar irradiance, the error in the retrieved TOC, due a 10 ns change in the dead time from its nominal value, is found to be up to 5 %. The error in the calculation of UV irradiance is about 3–4 % near the maximum operational limit of light intensities. While in the existing documentation it is indicated that the dead time effects are important when the error in the used value is greater than 2 ns, we found that for single monochromator Brewers a 2 ns error in the dead time may lead to uncertainties above the limit of 1 % in the calculation of TOC; thus the tolerance limit should be lowered. A new routine for the determination of the dead time from direct solar irradiance measurements has been created and tested and a validation of the operational algorithm has been performed. Additionally, new methods for the estimation and the validation of the dead time have been developed and are analytically described. Therefore, the present study in addition to highlighting the importance of the dead time for the processing of Brewer datasets, also provide useful information for their quality control and re-evaluation.
Amazon forest structure generates diurnal and seasonal variability in light utilization
Authors: Morton D. C. , Rubio J. , Cook B. D. , Gastellu-Etchegorry J.-P. , Longo M. , Choi H. , Hunter M. O. , Keller M.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. The complex three-dimensional (3-D) structure of tropical forests generates a diversity of light environments for canopy and understory trees. Understanding diurnal and seasonal changes in light availability is critical for interpreting measurements of net ecosystem exchange and improving ecosystem models. Here, we used the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model to simulate leaf absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (lAPAR) for an Amazon forest. The 3-D model scene was developed from airborne lidar data, and local measurements of leaf reflectance, aerosols, and PAR were used to model lAPAR under direct and diffuse illumination conditions. Simulated lAPAR under clear sky and cloudy conditions was corrected for light saturation effects to estimate light utilization, the fraction of lAPAR available for photosynthesis. Although the fraction of incoming PAR absorbed by leaves was consistent throughout the year (0.80–0.82), light utilization varied seasonally (0.67–0.74), with minimum values during the Amazon dry season. Shadowing and light saturation effects moderated potential gains in forest productivity from increasing PAR during dry season months when the diffuse fraction from clouds and aerosols was low. Comparisons between DART and other models highlighted the role of 3-D forest structure to account for seasonal changes in light utilization. Our findings highlight how directional illumination and forest 3-D structure combine to influence diurnal and seasonal variability in light utilization, independent of further changes in leaf area, leaf age, or environmental controls on canopy photosynthesis. Changing illumination geometry constitutes an alternative biophysical explanation for observed seasonality in Amazon forest productivity without changes in canopy phenology.