bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Puzzle to Progress: How Engaging With Neurodiversity Can Improve Cognitive Science
Authors: Manalili Marie A. R. , Pearson Amy , Sulik Justin , Creechan Louise , Elsherif Mahmoud , Murkumbi Inika , Azevedo Flavio , Bonnen Kathryn L. , Kim Judy S. , Kording Konrad , Lee Julie J. , Obscura Manifold , Kapp Steven K. , Röer Jan P. , Morstead Talia
Published: February 2023

In cognitive science, there is a tacit norm that phenomena such as cultural variation or synaesthesia are worthy examples of cognitive diversity that contribute to a better understanding of cognition, but that other forms of cognitive diversity (e.g., autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/ADHD, and dyslexia) are primarily interesting only as examples of deficit, dysfunction, or impairment. This status quo is dehumanizing and holds back much‐needed research. In contrast, the neurodiversity paradigm argues that such experiences are not necessarily deficits but rather are natural reflections of biodiversity. Here, we propose that neurodiversity is an important topic for future research in cognitive science. We discuss why cognitive science has thus far failed to engage with neurodiversity, why this gap presents both ethical and scientific challenges for the field, and, crucially, why cognitive science will produce better theories of human cognition if the field engages with neurodiversity in the same way that it values other forms of cognitive diversity. Doing so will not only empower marginalized researchers but will also present an opportunity for cognitive science to benefit from the unique contributions of neurodivergent researchers and communities.
Reimagining protected and conserved areas in Africa: Perspectives from the first Africa Protected Areas Congress
Authors: Bakarr Mohamed I.
Published: February 2023

To protect nature, African parks must contribute to human well‐being, overcome threats, and secure reliable funding sources. The first Africa Protected Areas Congress (APAC) held in Kigali, Rwanda from July 18 to 23, 2022 has reaffirmed the need to re‐imagine the role of protected and conserved areas (PCAs) in safeguarding wildlife and biodiversity on the continent. Conservation strategies in Africa must be driven by the urgency to make PCAs people centered, advance integrated approaches to tackle drivers of biodiversity loss, and to promote sustainable and innovative financing for PCAs. This paper discusses how African countries can address these needs to harness the full potential of PCAs and ensure their long‐term sustainability.
Degumming of Eri silk by Sapindus (soapnut) extract and optimisation by response surface methodology
Authors: Patil Harshal , Surve Krupali , Athalye Ashok
Published: February 2023

The present investigation aims to develop a method for degumming Eri silk using Sapindus (soapnut) extract and optimise it using response surface methodology (RSM). The initial experiment was conducted with 10 g/L Sapindus extract for 60 min at a boil, and the initial experiments indicated effective degumming. Further degumming experiments were conducted using RSM to optimise the process parameters, with weight loss being the primary response. The results revealed an optimised recipe for degumming was 9 g/L Sapindus extract at 92°C for 30 min, and the desirability value for this optimised recipe is 0.376. Eri silk that has been alkali‐degummed loses more weight than silk degummed with Sapindus extract and soap. Comparatively speaking, degumming with Sapindus extract has a lesser impact on tensile strength than degumming with alkaline and soap. The whiteness, yellowness, brightness, and absorbency values between Sapindus extract and conventional degumming do not significantly differ. Compared with soap and Sapindus extract degumming, alkaline degummed fabric exhibits higher dye uptake. After being degummed with soap and Sapindus extract instead of alkaline, the fabric felt softer. Overall, the results show that both degumming with Sapindus extract and traditional methods are equally effective.
S3‐Leitlinie Urtikaria. Teil 2: Therapie der Urtikaria – deutschsprachige Adaption der internationalen S3‐Leitlinie
Authors: Zuberbier Torsten , Altrichter Sabine , Bauer Sabine , Brehler Randolf , Brockow Knut , Dressler Corinna , Fluhr Joachim , Gaskins Matthew , Hamelmann Eckard , Kühne Kathrin , Merk Hans , Mülleneisen Norbert K. , Nast Alexander , Olze Heidi , Ott Hagen , Pleimes Marc , Ruëff Franziska , Staubach‐Renz Petra , Wedi Bettina , Maurer Marcus
Published: February 2023

Die vorliegende Publikation ist der zweite Abschnitt der deutschsprachigen S3‐Leitlinie Urtikaria. Sie umfasst das Management der Urtikaria und sollte gemeinsam mitTeil 1der Leitlinie zur Klassifikation und Diagnostik genutzt werden. Diese Publikation wurde auf der Basis der internationalen englischsprachigen S3‐Leitlinie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der medizinischen Gegebenheiten im deutschsprachigen Raum entsprechend den Kriterien der AWMF erstellt. Eine chronische Urtikaria hat einen hohen Einfluss auf Lebensqualität und Leistungsfähigkeit der Patienten. Sofern kausale Faktoren nicht beseitigt werden können, ist daher eine effektive symptomatische Behandlung notwendig. Die empfohlene Therapie der ersten Wahl ist die Gabe von nicht sedierenden H1‐Antihistaminika der neuen Generation. Wenn die Standarddosierung nicht ausreichend wirksam ist, sollte die Dosis bis auf das Vierfache erhöht werden. Bei Patienten, die auch auf eine solche Behandlung nicht ansprechen, sind Therapeutika der zweiten Wahl zusätzlich zu Antihistaminika im Rahmen des Therapiealgorithmus zunächst Omalizumab und, bei Versagen dieser Therapie, Ciclosporin. Weitere Therapeutika mit geringer Evidenz sollten nur bei Versagen aller Therapien des konsentierten Algorithmus verwendet werden. Dabei sollten sowohl das Nutzen‐Risiko‐Profil als auch die Kosten berücksichtigt werden. Kortikosteroide werden für die Langzeitbehandlung aufgrund ihrer unvermeidbaren schweren Nebenwirkungen nicht empfohlen.
Psychosocial factors associated with pain outcomes in patients with painful temporomandibular disorders and headaches
Authors: van der Meer Hedwig A , Tol Cornel H. M , Speksnijder Caroline M , van Selms Maurits K. A , Lobbezoo Frank , Visscher Corine M
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to assess the association between psychosocial factors (in terms of anxiety, somatization, depression, and optimism) and pain (in terms of headache pain intensity and pain‐related disability), in patients with a painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and one of the following headache types: migraine, tension‐type headache (TTH), or headache attributed to TMD, corrected for the influence of bruxism. A retrospective study was conducted at an orofacial pain and dysfunction (OPD) clinic. Inclusion criteria were painful TMD, with migraine, TTH, and/or headache attributed to TMD. Linear regressions were performed to assess the influence of psychosocial variables on pain intensity and on pain‐related disability, stratified per headache type. The regression models were corrected for bruxism and the presence of multiple headache types. A total of 323 patients (61% female; mean age 42.9, SD 14.4 years) were included. Headache pain intensity only had significant associations in TMD‐pain patients with headache attributed to TMD, and anxiety showed the strongest relation (β = 0.353) with pain intensity. Pain‐related disability was most strongly associated with depression in TMD‐pain patients with TTH (β = 0.444), and with somatization in patients with headache attributed to TMD (β = 0.399). In conclusion, the influence of psychosocial factors on headache pain intensity and pain‐related disability depends on the headache type presenting.
The use of prostaglandin applied in Bai Hui Acupoint on mare reproductive efficiency
Authors: Janini Ludimila Cardoso Zoccal , Silva Maria Isabela Azeredo , Rizzoto Guilherme , Fonseca‐Alves Carlos Eduardo , de Camillo Beatriz Lippe , Aristizábal Viviana Helena Vallejo , Negreiros Natalia Felix , Corona Luiz Fernando Cintra , Hara Eduardo , Mendonça Victor Hugo , Mendonça Heitor Vinicius , Cipriano Rafael Silva
Published: February 2023

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is one of the most frequently used drugs for pharmacologic manipulation of the oestrous cycle in mares. Among its roles, PGF2α induces luteolysis, leading to an early oestrus return, which reduces the dioestrous phase and the inter‐ovulatory intervals. Interestingly, mares are more sensitive to PGF2α than other domestic species, hence lower doses are used; even so, the side effects are still adverse and inconvenient for animals and breeders. Recent studies of acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine technique, have been performed as an alternative to decrease the PGF2α dose for mares. The efficacy described of applying lower doses of PGF2α at specific acupoints is similar to that obtained with the regular dose. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the reproductive performance and characteristics of oestrus in embryo recipient and donor mares using different doses at the Bai Hui—an acupoint located on the dorsal midline, also known as ‘the point of one hundred meetings’, as its region of effect encompasses many nerve trunks, nerve endings and vascular networks—a useful veterinary acupuncture treatment for ovarian disorders. For this study, 76 Quarter Horse mares were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: Control (CTR)—Intramuscular (IM) administration of 5 mg PGF2α; Bai Hui 5 mg (BH5)—application of 5 mg at the Bai Hui acupoint; and Bai Hui 2.5 mg (BH2.5)—application of 2.5 mg at the Bai Hui acupoint. In the results, there were no differences regarding uterine oedema, pregnancy rate or body condition score among the groups. However, oestrous expression was lower (p < 0.001) in both BH groups compared with CTR. Lastly, the interval between application and ovulation was shorter in BH5 compared with CTR (p = 0.042). The results indicate BH5 and BH2.5 as viable alternatives to the IM administration.
Ex vivo pilot study evaluating needle tenoscopy of the digital flexor tendon sheath and its suitability to assist palmar annular ligament transection
Authors: Barnes Harriet K. S. , Sinovich Matthew , Baldwin Christopher M. , Gillen Alexandra , Stack John David
Published: February 2023

Background

The digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) is a common site of pathology in the UK equine population, often necessitating tenoscopic exploration. Common intrathecal pathologies may lead to fetlock canal constriction. The palmar/plantar annular ligament (PAL) is often surgically transected to relieve constriction or to facilitate surgical access and instrumentation.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were (1) to establish whether diagnostic quality needle tenoscopy can be achieved in the proximal DFTS in cadaver limbs; (2) to determine if needle tenoscopy can be used to safely guide PAL transection; and (3) to evaluate iatrogenic damage when undertaking needle tenoscopy and PAL transection.

Study design

Ex vivo experimental.

Methods

Six cadaveric limbs were used and needle tenoscopy of the DFTS was performed via biaxial approach at the base of the sesamoids. Access to and diagnostic assessment of the proximal DFTS, as well as the completeness of needle tenoscopically guided transection of the PAL was recorded. Limbs were dissected and examined for iatrogenic damage and completion of PAL transection.

Results

Positioning of the cannula/obturator unit was achieved on the first attempt 11/12 times. Laterally 16/24 and medially 18/24 proximal DFTS channels were accessed. Images were of diagnostic quality in 12/24 and 11/24 channels following lateral and medial approach, respectively. The PAL was completely transected in 4/6 limbs with partial transection in 1/6 limbs. The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) was longitudinally lacerated instead of the PAL in one limb, with other iatrogenic damage limited to mild fibrillation to the intersesamoidean ligament.

Main limitations

Ex vivo and sample size.

Conclusions

The findings in this pilot study suggest that needle tenoscopically guided PAL transection in the live horse is not recommended currently. While diagnostic needle tenoscopy offered partial assessment of most of the proximal DFTS, further refinement is necessary before needle tenoscopy could be considered a viable alternative to traditional tenoscopy.
Teaching food literacy in Queensland secondary schools: The influence of curriculum
Authors: McManus Sarah , Pendergast Donna , Kanasa Harry
Published: February 2023

Food literacy education is essential for acquiring the skills and knowledge required to support healthy food interactions. However, there are multiple constraints impacting curriculum enactment in schools. This study explores these constraints in Queensland (Australia), giving voice to Home Economics teacher respondents. A mixed methods survey was conducted (n = 117) in February–March 2021. Eighty percent of respondents advocated for current curriculum change to support food literacy education, including incorporating more explicit practical food education, the transition of nutrition into home economics subjects, and the insertion of food literacy‐focused terminology within the curriculum.
Scarce fashion products consumption in the C2C second‐hand trading platform
Authors: Park Hyun Hee
Published: February 2023

Utilizing self‐licensing theory, this study aimed to identify the psychological mechanism of the consumption of scarce fashion products on customer‐to‐customer (C2C) second‐hand online trading platforms. This research used a 2 (scarcity level: high vs. low) × 2 (consumers' environmental consciousness: high vs. low) mixed factorial design. Consumers with low environmental consciousness mediated ease of justification when exposed to scarce information, thereby increasing their impulse purchase intentions, while consumers with high environmental consciousness did not. The C2C second‐hand trading platform can contribute to the interests of both sellers and buyers as an exciting place to purchase scarce goods and consume eco‐friendly fashion products.
The expression of cyclic GMP–AMP synthase in human apical periodontitis: A laboratory investigation
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Liu , Wang Liu , Ji Xiao , Zeng Yanglin , Du Jing , Zhang Lan , Huang Dingming
Published: February 2023

Aim

As a key DNA sensor, cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) has emerged as a major mediator of innate immunity and inflammation. Human apical periodontitis has yet to be studied for the presence of cGAS. This investigation was conducted to determine if cGAS is involved in the pathological process of human apical periodontitis.

Methodology

Sixty four human periapical lesions, comprising 20 periapical granulomas and 44 radicular cysts, were employed in this investigation. Healthy gingiva (n = 6), dental pulp (n = 3), and apical papilla (n = 3) were used as control samples. The expression of cGAS in the periapical tissues was discovered using immunohistochemical staining. mRNA‐Sequencing and qRT‐PCR were utilized to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with DNA‐sensing signalling in periapical lesions compared to the healthy control. Immunofluorescence labelling was used to identify the co‐expression of cGAS, interleukin‐1β, and interleukin‐18.

Results

A significantly greater expression level of cGAS was discovered in the periapical lesions, with no significant difference between radicular cysts and periapical granulomas. mRNA‐Sequencing analysis and qRT‐PCR identified differentially expressed mRNA, such as cGAS and its downstream DEGs, between periapical lesions and healthy control tissues. Immunofluorescence labelling further revealed that cGAS, interleukin‐1, and interleukin‐18 were co‐localized.

Conclusions

These observations imply that along with the synthesis of interleukin‐1 and interleukin‐18, cGAS may be involved in the aetiology of apical periodontitis.
Brazing SiCf/SiC and TZM alloy with AuPdTiCrCu dual active element filler metal
Authors: Feng Hongliang , Chen Bo , Ren Xinyu , Ren Haishui , Li Wenwen , Pei Chong , Zhang Yuanwei , Li Sisi , Zou Wenjiang , Xiong Huaping , Cheng Yaoyong
Published: February 2023

For the joining of SiCf/SiC and TZM alloy, an AuPdTiCrCu filler metal with dual active element of Ti and Cr was synthesized. The brazing process was carried out under the condition of 1200°C for 10 min. It was shown that fine Cr‐based solid solutions were dispersed in the filler metal. When brazing, the element Cr and Ti moved toward the base metal and reacted with them to form into Mo‐Cr‐Si and Mo‐Cr‐Ti‐Si compounds. These two active elements could promote the metallurgical reaction of the joint. Meanwhile, it was found that some Pd‐Si compounds, fragments of (Au, Cu)ss and soft Au‐Ti phases formed in the middle regions of the joint. (Au, Cu)ss and Au‐Ti phases distributed around the Pd‐Si compounds. In addition, the joining mechanism was discussed and the mechanical properties of the joints were tested. The results showed that the average four point flexural strength of the joints reached 88.5 MPa at room temperature and 46.8 MPa at 500°C. The fracture characters of the joints were discussed in the last.
ppb‐Level ethanol gas sensor of porous anodic aluminum oxide at room temperature
Authors: Park Ji Young , Yi Jae‐Ho , Choa Yong‐Ho
Published: February 2023

Excessive ethanol in breath can be an indicator of alcoholism and a biomarker of liver disease. Herein, we present a novel porous aluminum anodic oxide (AAO)‐based chemi‐capacitive sensor that can detect ppb‐levels of ethanol gas at room temperature. The oxalic acid‐based porous AAO is an amorphous material contaminated with Al(OH)3 and C2O42− ions (anion‐contamination), which react with adsorbed ethanol gas. The optimal resonance frequency of ethanol was determined to be 500 Hz, and the response to 200 ppm ethanol at this frequency was 1.56%. Especially, the limit of detection of ppb‐level (16.49 ppb) was obtained. The detection range, reliability, and selectivity of the sensor, as well as its surface properties were comprehensively investigated. The proposed sensor is promising for the detection of liver disease as well as for commercial breath ethanol analyzers.
Ableism, racism, and the quality of life of Black, Indigenous, people of colour with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Friedman Carli
Published: February 2023

Background

Research indicates Black, Indigenous, people of colour (BIPOC) with intellectual and developmental disabilities face disparities in quality of life outcomes. This study's aim was to examine how ableism and racism impacted the quality of life of BIPOC with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Methods

Using a multilevel linear regression, we analysed secondary quality of life outcome data from Personal Outcome Measures® interviews with 1393 BIPOC with intellectual and developmental disabilities and implicit ableism and racism data from the 128 regions of the United States in which they lived (discrimination data came from 7.4 million people).

Results

When BIPOC with intellectual and developmental disabilities lived in regions of the United States which were more ableist and racist, they had a lower quality of life, regardless of their demographics.

Conclusion

Ableism and racism are a direct threat to BIPOC with intellectual and developmental disabilities' health, wellbeing, and overall quality of life.
Using Simulated Retests to Estimate the Reliability of Diagnostic Assessment Systems
Authors: Thompson W. Jake , Nash Brooke , Clark Amy K. , Hoover Jeffrey C.
Published: February 2023

As diagnostic classification models become more widely used in large‐scale operational assessments, we must give consideration to the methods for estimating and reporting reliability. Researchers must explore alternatives to traditional reliability methods that are consistent with the design, scoring, and reporting levels of diagnostic assessment systems. In this article, we describe and evaluate a method for simulating retests to summarize reliability evidence at multiple reporting levels. We evaluate how the performance of reliability estimates from simulated retests compares to other measures of classification consistency and accuracy for diagnostic assessments that have previously been described in the literature, but which limit the level at which reliability can be reported. Overall, the findings show that reliability estimates from simulated retests are an accurate measure of reliability and are consistent with other measures of reliability for diagnostic assessments. We then apply this method to real data from the Examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in English to demonstrate the method in practice and compare reliability estimates from observed data. Finally, we discuss implications for the field and possible next directions.
The skin mucosal barrier of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) is weakened by exposure to potential aquaculture production‐related stressors
Authors: Ytteborg Elisabeth , Lazado Carlo C. , Noble Chris , Hansen Roy Inge , Johansen Lill‐Heidi
Published: February 2023

Various cleaner fish species, such as the lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.), are used in the sea cage production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a control measure against the ectoparasitic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Nonetheless, during severe lice infestation, alternative treatments are required to control parasitic burden. The aim of this study was to gain insight into how lumpfish skin responds to different chemicals used to treat parasites. The authors collected skin from lumpfish from both research facilities (tank‐reared fish) and commercial production (cage‐reared fish) and used operational welfare indicators, in vitro models, histology and transcriptomics to study how the skin responded to two anti‐parasitic oxidative chemicals, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peracetic acid. Lumpfish sampled from the farm were classified as clinically healthy or weak based on their morbidity status, and fish from each category were used to gain insight into how the therapeutics affect the skin barrier. Differences between healthy and weakened (moribund) fish, and between treated fish from each of the two groups, were observed. Histological examination showed an overall reduced skin quality in fish characterized as moribund, including different grades of exposed bony plates. In vitro oxidant‐treated lumpfish skin had reduced the migration capacity of keratocytes, a weakened epidermal barrier, and altered gene transcription, changes that are known predisposing factors to secondary infections. Skin from non‐treated, healthy fish sampled from commercial farms exhibited similar features and attributes to oxidant‐exposed tank‐reared fish from a research facility, suggesting that apparently healthy cage‐held lumpfish exhibited stress responses in the epidermal barrier. The results of the study outline the risks and consequences lumpfish can face if accidentally subjected to potential anti‐parasitic oxidant treatments aimed at Atlantic salmon. It also strengthens the evidence behind the requirement that lumpfish should be removed from the cages before being potentially exposed to this type of treatment and outlines the potential risks of differing husbandry practices upon lumpfish health, welfare and resilience.
Genetic compensation response could exist in colorectal cancer: UPF3A upregulates the oncogenic homologue gene SRSF3 expression corresponding to SRSF6 to promote colorectal cancer metastasis
Authors: Xu Weimin , Ou Weijun , Feng Yuan , Xu Qingru , Yang Yili , Cui Long , Du Peng
Published: February 2023

Background

Genetic compensation response (GCR) is a mechanism that maintains the robustness of functional genes, which has been recently identified. Whether GCR exists in tumors and its effects on tumor progression remains unknown.

Methods

Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify premature termination codon (PTC) gene mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. RNA sequencing, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database analysis, and high‐throughput output of homologous genes using the Ensemble genome database were performed to further identify homologous genes of target PTC gene mutations.

Results

Serine and arginine‐rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) increased the invasion ability in CRC cells and could be the target gene of up‐frameshift 3A (UPF3A). The deletion of the 660th base A in the coding sequence region of SRSF6 caused a frameshift mutation of serine at position 220 (s220fs), which contributed to a PTC UAA termination of translation in HCT116 cells. We further found that SRSF3 was the only homologue of SRSF6 with a frameshift mutation. The transfection of s220fs of SRSF6 into HCT116 cells led to upregulation of its corresponding oncogenic homologue gene SRSF3 expression to promote CRC metastasis. SRSF3 was highly expressed in CRC liver metastases and was positively correlated with UPF3A expression and contributed to poor prognosis.

Conclusion

GCR may exist in CRC and exert effects on the progression of CRC. Targeted inhibition of UPF3A could reduce the GCR effects and suppress the expression of oncogenic homologue genes corresponding to PTC mutations, indicating a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of CRC metastasis.
30‐day readmission rates among upper gastrointestinal bleeds: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dunne Cody L , Kaur Sandeep , Delacruz Bronwyn , Bresee Lauren C
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common emergency, with high rates of hospitalization and in‐patient mortality compared to other gastrointestinal diseases. Despite readmission rates being a common quality metric, little data are available for UGIBs. This study aimed to determine readmission rates for patients discharged following an UGIB.

Methods

Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched to October 16, 2021. Randomized and non‐randomized studies that reported hospital readmission for patients following an UGIB were included. Abstract screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted in duplicate. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed, with statistical heterogeneity measured using I2. The GRADE framework, with a modified Downs and Black tool, was used to determine certainty of evidence.

Results

Seventy studies were included of 1847 screened abstracted, with moderate interrater reliability. Within these studies, 4 292 714 patients were analyzed with a mean age of 66.6 years, and 54.7% male. UGIB had a 30‐day all‐cause readmission rate of 17.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.7–18.2%), stratification revealed a higher rate for variceal UGIB [19.6% (95% CI 17.6–21.5%)] than non‐variceal [16.8% (95% CI 16.0–17.5%)]. Only one third were readmitted due to recurrent UGIB (4.8% [95% CI 3.1–6.4%]). UGIB due to peptic ulcer bleeding had the lowest 30‐day readmission rate [6.9% (95% CI 3.8–10.0%)]. Certainty of evidence was low or very low for all outcomes.

Conclusions

Almost one in five patients discharged after an UGIB are readmitted within 30 days. These data should prompt clinicians to reflect on their own practice to identify areas of strength or improvement.
Anticipatory postural adjustments and kinematic analysis of step ascent and descent in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Ferrario C. , Condoluci C. , Tarabini M. , Manzia C. M. , Galli M.
Published: February 2023

Background

Step ascent and descent is one of the most common daily tasks. Although it is generally considered a rather simple movement, it may not be so easy for participants with Down syndrome.

Methods

A kinematic analysis of step ascent and descent was conducted, and a comparison between 11 adult participants with Down syndrome and 23 healthy participants was carried out. This analysis was accompanied by a posturographic analysis with the aim of evaluating aspects relating to balance. The principal aim of postural control was to investigate the trajectory of the centre of pressure, while the kinematic analysis of movement included the following: (1) the analysis of anticipatory postural adjustments, (2) the calculation of spatiotemporal parameters and (3) the evaluation of articular range of motion.

Results

A general instability for participants with Down syndrome, highlighted in the postural control by an increased anteroposterior and mediolateral excursion, when the test was conducted with both open and closed eyes, was found out. Regarding anticipatory postural adjustments, this deficit in balance control was revealed by the execution of small steps before completing the movement and by a much longer preparation time anticipating the movement. In addition, the kinematic analysis reported a longer ascent and descent time and a lower velocity, accompanied by a greater rising of both limbs in ascent, which indicates an increased perception of the obstacle. Finally, a wider trunk range of motion in both the sagittal and frontal planes was revealed.

Conclusions

All the data confirm a compromised balance control that could be associated with damage to the sensorimotor centre.
Financial Crises as a Phenomenon of Multiple Equilibria and How to Select among Them
Authors: MÄDER NICOLAS
Published: February 2023

When equilibrium is indeterminate (i.e., not unique), applied theory often obtains uniqueness either via ad hoc sunspots or via global games. This paper highlights the relative merits of a third selection mechanism—best‐response dynamics (BRD)—in the context of various financial crisis frameworks. For example, in the context of a bank run, selection via BRD is preferred (to ad hoc sunspots) because it provides an explicit coordination narrative and (to global games) because it accounts for the fact that depositors realistically may decide to join or leave a bank's queue upon observing its length.
Comprehensive analysis of exosomalcircRNA,lncRNA,andmRNAprofiles to identify the potentialRNAsinvolved in the pathogenesis of venous malformation
Authors: Zhang Liming , Shen Yuchen , Wang Zhenfeng , Li Xiao , Xia Weiya , Fan Xindong , Su Lixin , Wang Deming
Published: February 2023

Background

Venous malformation (VM) is a kind of congenital vascular anomaly with a high incidence of recurrence, detailed pathogenesis and standard treatment of VM still lack now. Increasing evidence showed exosomal RNA plays a pivotal role in various diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of VM based on the potential differentially exosomal RNAs remains unclear.

Methods

Comparative high‐throughput sequencing with serum exosomes from three VM patients and three healthy donors was used to explore differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, DE lncRNAs, and DE mRNAs involving the formation of VM. We identified and verified DE circRNAs, DE lncRNAs, and DE mRNAs via qRT‐PCR assay. We explored the potential functions of these exosomal DE non‐coding RNAs via performing further Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. Besides, circRNA/lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA linkages were also constructed to find their potential relationships in VM.

Results

A total of 121 circRNAs, 53 lncRNAs, and 42 mRNAs (|log2FC| ≥ 2.0, FDR <0.05,n = 3) were determined to be differentially expressed. QRT‐PCR validated that these top‐changed DE circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs had significant expression changes. Functional studies demonstrated that DE circRNAs play a pivotal role in thyroid hormone signaling pathway, DE lncRNAs function as a key regulator in MAPK signaling pathway and DE miRNAs participate in the process of hepatocellular carcinoma mostly.

Conclusion

Our study comprehensively depicted exosomal DE non‐coding RNAs networks related to the pathogenesis of VM which can provide new insight into, a novel target for treating VM.
The spatial distribution of population in Spain: An anomaly in European perspective
Authors: Gutiérrez Eduardo , Moral‐Benito Enrique , Oto‐Peralías Daniel , Ramos Roberto
Published: February 2023

We exploit the GEOSTAT 2011 population grid with a very high 1 km2 resolution to document that Spain presents the lowest density of settlements among European countries. Only a small fraction of the Spanish territory is inhabited, particularly in its southern half, which goes hand in hand with a high degree of population concentration. We uncover through standard regression analysis and spatial regression discontinuity that this anomaly cannot be accounted for by adverse geographic and climatic conditions. The second part of the paper takes a historical perspective on Spain's settlement patterns by showing that the spatial distribution of the population has been very persistent in the last two centuries, and that the abnormally low density of settlements with respect to European neighbors was already visible in the 19th century, which indicates that this phenomenon has not emerged recently as a consequence of the transformations associated with industrialization and tertiarization. Using data on ancient sites, we find that Spain did not feature scarcity of settlements in comparison to other countries in premedieval times, suggesting that its current anomalous settlement pattern has not always existed and is, therefore, not intrinsic to its geography.
Consumer perceptions of hotel shampoos and lotions
Authors: Payne Jessie , Talavera Martin , Koppel Kadri
Published: February 2023

Various features of hotel toiletries can influence a consumer's decision to use them during their stay. Hotel toiletries have rarely been evaluated by exploring consumers’ perception of the features themselves. Two surveys were conducted with frequent hotel guests in which they were asked to choose their most and least important hotel toiletry (i.e., shampoo or lotion) feature. The surveys were separated by the type of hotel toiletry they used most often during their hotel stay (i.e., shampoo or lotion). A list of attributes for hotel shampoos and lotions were used to determine the most and least important features. Key take‐aways included that the “ideal” hotel lotion should be nongreasy, moisturizing, and lightly scented. Hotel shampoos should be moisturizing, should lather, and have a relaxing, spa‐like scent. These findings provide important consumer perceptions of hotel toiletries, which can be used to create the “ideal” hotel shampoo and lotion.

Practical applications

The published articles on hotel toiletries are limited. The research provides the foundation for further research to be conducted on the hotel toiletry category. From the research, features of hotel shampoos and lotions are determined to help the hotel industry gain a better understanding on the features of hotel toiletries they should provide to maximize hotel guest's satisfaction. The research determined that, there are a handful of attributes that are highly recommended to be present in a hotel shampoo or lotion.
Multi‐antibiotics resistance phenotype of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in Litopenaeus vannamei farmed in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Ha Pham Thi Hai , Thi Quach Van Cao , Thuy Nguyen Phuong , Luan Nguyen Thanh
Published: February 2023

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant causal agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), with huge production losses of white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultivated globally, including aquaculture farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Controlling this disease is critical because of the worldwide expansion of antimicrobial‐resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of multi‐antibiotic resistance (MAR) in V. parahaemolyticus isolated from AHPND white leg shrimp extensively cultivated in Bac Lieu Province (Mekong Delta). Based on biochemical tests and toxR‐PCR positive detections, 34 V. parahaemolyticus isolates were identified. Antibiotic susceptibility examination revealed that most of the isolates were phenotypically multidrug resistant, including resistance to ceftazidime (100%) and amoxicillin (97.06%), followed by colistin (74%) and erythromycin (65%). These isolates were highly sensitive to doxycycline (94%), followed by florfenicol (74%) and flumequine (71%). There were 27 distinct MAR phenotypes detected among 34 isolates, with 14.71% of the isolates exhibiting the antibiotic profile AMO‐CEF‐CEP‐COL‐ERY, followed by 11.76% for each of the profiles AMO‐CEP‐TET‐COL and AMO–CEP–COL. In particular, 25 isolates (75%) were resistant to at least 5 (of the 12) antibiotics tested. A hierarchical clustering analysis of antibiotic‐resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates indicated cross‐transmission across farms and its ability to survive in aquatic environments for extended periods (over 3 months). Our findings support the hypothesis that the variety of MARPs in V. parahaemolyticus is the result of human activities. Environmentally friendly therapy strategies should be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of V. parahaemolyticus infection.
Awaking the dormant virome in the rhizosphere
Authors: Braga Lucas P. P. , Schumacher Robert I.
Published: February 2023

The rhizosphere is a vital soil compartment providing key plant‐beneficial functions. However, little is known about the mechanisms driving viral diversity in the rhizosphere. Viruses can establish lytic or lysogenic interactions with their bacterial hosts. In the latter, they assume a dormant state integrated in the host genome and can be awakened by different perturbations that impact host cell physiology, triggering a viral bloom, which is potentially a fundamental mechanism driving soil viral diversity, as 22%–68% of soil bacteria are predicted to harbour dormant viruses. Here we assessed the viral bloom response in rhizospheric viromes by exposing them to three contrasting soil perturbation agents: earthworms, herbicide and antibiotic pollutant. The viromes were next screened for rhizosphere‐relevant genes and also used as inoculant on microcosms incubations to test their impacts on pristine microbiomes. Our results show that while post‐perturbation viromes diverged from control conditions, viral communities exposed to both herbicide and antibiotic pollutant were more similar to each other than those influenced by earthworms. The latter also favoured an increase in viral populations harbouring genes involved in plant‐beneficial functions. Post‐perturbation viromes inoculated on soil microcosms changed the diversity of pristine microbiomes, suggesting that viromes are important components of the soil ecological memory driving eco‐evolutionary processes that determine future microbiome trajectories according to past events. Our findings demonstrate that viromes are active players in the rhizosphere and need to be considered in efforts to understand and control the microbial processes towards sustainable crop production.
Skilled communication on social media—the elephant in the room
Authors: Asif Aqua , Burton Oliver E. , Fleming Simon
Published: February 2023

The authors highlight parallels between effective online communication and face to face communication in the clinical space, indicating that the rules and what is "effective" and "appropriate" varies between environments.
Comorbid extra‐intestinal central sensitization conditions worsen irritable bowel syndrome in primary care patients
Authors: Wang Xiao Jing , Ebbert Jon O. , Loftus Connor G. , Rosedahl Jordan K. , Philpot Lindsey M.
Published: February 2023

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized as a central sensitization syndrome (CSS), a group of conditions including fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, and restless leg syndrome (RLS) among others with frequent comorbidities of anxiety, depression, and chemical sensitivity. The prevalence of comorbid conditions and their impact on IBS symptom severity and quality of life in rural community populations has not been described.

Methods

We administered a cross‐sectional survey to patients with a documented CSS diagnosis in rural primary care practices to evaluate the relationship between CSS diagnoses, quality of life, symptom severity, and interactions with healthcare providers utilizing validated questionnaires. Subgroup analysis was performed on the IBS cohort. Mayo Clinic IRB approved the study.

Key Results

Seven hundred seventy‐five individuals out of 5000 completed the survey (15.5% response rate) with 264 (34%) reporting IBS. Only 3% (n = 8) of IBS patients reported IBS alone without comorbid CSS condition. Most respondents reported overlapping migraine (196, 74%), depression (183, 69%), anxiety (171, 64%), and fibromyalgia (139, 52%). IBS patients with more than two comorbid CS condition showed significantly higher symptom severity with linear increase. Quality of life was lower in IBS with comorbid conditions, particularly in patients with IBS and RLS (mean EQ5‐D 0.36 vs. 0.8 in IBS only, p < 0.01). Quality of life declined as number of comorbid conditions increased.

Conclusions & Inferences

Patients with IBS often have multiple CS disorders which increases symptom severity and lowers quality of life. Understanding the impact of multiple CSS diagnoses and treating these as a global condition may improve patient experience.
The in vitro biomechanics of anterior arch expansion using fixed lingual appliances with coil springs or archwire stops
Authors: Robertson Lindsay , Owen Brandon , Heo Gieson , Carey Jason P , Major Paul W , Romanyk Dan L.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The presented study investigates differences in the biomechanics of straight and mushroom fixed lingual appliances when implementing coil springs and stops for anterior arch expansion.

Materials and Methods

An in vitro orthodontic simulator was used to measure three‐dimensional forces and moments on each tooth of a simulated maxillary arch. Mushroom and straight archwire forms of 0.016″ NiTi round archwire were considered, using 0.010″ × 0.030″ NiTi open coils and 0.016″‐0.018″ archwire stops (n = 44 per group). Teeth in the anterior dental arch were moved from a neutral to crowded position to replicate anterior crowding of central and lateral incisors. Forces and moments of interest for lateral incisors and first premolars were compared using repeated measures mixed multivariate analysis of variance (α = 0.05).

Results

Three comparisons between straight versus mushroom archwires and two comparisons of coil springs vs. stops were not statistically significant. Overall, it was found that the use of a straight lingual archwire produced larger differences in forces and moments between using stops and coil springs than when using a mushroom archwire. Using stops produced larger forces and moments for both types of archwires as compared to using coil springs. The largest expansion forces were produced using straight archwires with stops, exceeding 3.0 N of force. Straight archwires with coil springs produced the lowest expansion forces on lateral incisors, just exceeding 1.5 N.

Conclusions

The findings of this study have elucidated significant differences in the biomechanics of transverse arch expansion using straight or mushroom fixed lingual appliances with coil springs or stops.
Defense of a Libertarian Interpretation of Descartes' Account of Judgment1
Authors: Newman Lex
Published: February 2023

Widespread scholarly agreement has it that Descartes' theory of judgment favors a compatibilist interpretation. This essay explains and rebuts the standard arguments made on behalf of compatibilist readings, while explaining and defending a libertarian interpretation. Along with relevant Fourth Meditation doctrines and texts, my analysis encompasses a much discussed 1645 letter discussing his account. Although some scholars view the letter as departing from the account of theMeditations, I argue that the two works present a consistent view – allowing us to take at face value that the letter purports to elaborate Descartes' intended meaning in the associated Fourth Meditation passage.
Insights into the environmental factors shaping lateral root development
Authors: Zhang Weimeng , Fang Da , Dong Kui , Hu Fei , Ye Ziyi , Cao Jun
Published: February 2023

Roots are important organs of plants. Plants rely on roots for water, nutrients, and organic salts. In the whole root system, lateral roots (LRs) account for a large proportion and are critical to the development of the plant. Many environmental factors affect LR development. Therefore, a systematic understanding of these factors can provide a theoretical basis for creating optimal growth conditions for plants. In this paper, the factors affecting LR development are systematically and comprehensively summarized, and the molecular mechanism and regulatory network of LR development are described. Changes in the external environment not only lead to hormone homeostasis in plants but also affect the composition and activity of rhizosphere microbial communities, which in turn affect plants' nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and growth dynamics. LR development is influenced by hormone levels and external environment. In particular, auxin and abscisic acid coordinate with each other to maintain normal LR development. Of course, changes in the external environment are also important for root development, and they affect the intrinsic hormone levels of plants by affecting the accumulation and transport of hormones. For example, nitrogen, phosphorus, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, water, drought, light, and rhizosphere microorganisms affect LR development and plant tolerance in a variety of ways, including regulating hormone levels. This review summarizes the factors affecting LR development and the regulatory network and points out the direction for future research.
Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in Mithun (Bos frontalis): What progress has been made so far? An overview
Authors: Vikram R. , Perumal P. , Khan M. H. , Girish P. S.
Published: February 2023

Mithun, a unique bovine species, endemic to parts of North East India and plays an important role in the socioeconomic, cultural and religious fabrics of the local tribal population. To date, Mithuns are reared in a traditional free‐range system by communities and increased deforestation, agricultural commercialization, disease outbreaks and indiscriminate slaughtering of elite Mithun for table purposes have significantly decreased its habitat and the elite Mithun population. Greater genetic gain is achieved with the implementation and effective use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs); however, presently it is limited to organized Mithun farms. At a slow pace, Mithun farmers are adopting semi‐intensive rearing systems and interest in the use of ARTs is gradually escalating in Mithun husbandry. This article reviews the current status of ARTs such as semen collection and cryopreservation, estrus synchronization and timed artificial insemination (TAI), multiple ovulation and embryo transfer and in vitro embryo production and future perspectives in Mithun. Mithun semen collection and cryopreservation have been standardized, and estrus synchronization and TAI are suitable technologies that can be easily implemented under field conditions in near future. The establishment of an open nucleus‐breeding system under community participatory mode along with the introduction of the ARTs is an alternative to the traditional breeding system for rapid genetic improvement of Mithun. Finally, the review considers the potential benefits of ARTs in Mithun and future research should include the use of these ARTs which will provide additional opportunities for improved breeding regimens in Mithun.