bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fresh and Hardened Properties of Alkali-Activated POFA-GGBFS Pastes Cured in Ambient Temperature – An Initial Mix Design
Authors: Amaludin Adriana Erica , Asrah Hidayati , Mohamad Habib Musa , Amaludin Nazrein Adrian , Amaludin Hassanel Zachary
Published: October 2024

Weak soils are characterised by their high compressibility and low shear strength, which requires stabilisation to improve their compaction and strength characteristics before being used for construction projects. Recent trends in soil stabilisation show an increased interest in the application of waste-derived geopolymers as low-carbon materials to address the carbon emission problem related to cement production. This paper presents the preliminary findings of using Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) binary blends as geopolymer precursor materials. These binary waste material blends were activated using alkaline solutions, namely Sodium Hydroxide (NH) and Sodium Silicate (NS), to synthesise geopolymers at ambient temperatures. Three main factors were considered for the optimisation of the geopolymer mix design, as recommended by past research: alkali equivalent (8-11.5%), activator modulus (0-0.7), and slag replacement (fixed at 30%). Alkali equivalent and activator modulus parameters were varied and tested to establish its initial and final setting times, workability and strength properties, while the slag replacement percentage was set at 30%. This study aimed to determine the most influential parameters to produce the geopolymer material with the highest compressive strength and satisfactory setting times and workability. Single-source alkali activators (NH only) used on POFA-GGBFS produced specimens with smaller flow diameters, longer initial and final setting times, and lower compressive strength than specimens activated with NH and NS. Geopolymer specimens synthesised with NH and NS produce stiffer compounds possessing higher compressive strength values and explosive-type failure modes due to their higher silica content. At ambient temperatures, TM-Mix 2 (7% alkali equivalent and 0.7 activator modulus) produced the highest compressive strength value of 67.3 MPa at 28 days curing, flow diameter of 227 mm, with the initial and final setting time of 25 minutes and 45 minutes, respectively. Consequently, the results show that the preliminary POFA-GGBFS geopolymer mix design could produce sustainably sourced geopolymer compounds with adequate strength and acceptable setting time and workability. This study is part of a current investigation to further optimise the POFA-GGBFS mix design for the purpose of weak soil stabilisation.
A Novel Numerical Approach to Investigate Shaft Diameter Effect on Dynamic Behaviour of Multi-Disc Rotors
Authors: Alkhfaji Saad S.
Published: October 2024

In this study, a displacement-based finite element model was developed to investigate the effect of the diameter of rotating shafts on dynamic performance of a multi-disc rotor system with respect to their natural frequencies and critical speeds. The variation in rotor bearing stiffness was considered in this study. A numerical case study that simulating a typical rotating machine was adopted to assess the present methodology. The results obtained show that the diameter of the rotor has a significant effect on the rotor dynamic characteristics. The amount of the influence was found to be highly sensitive to bearing stiffness of the rotating machine. An experimental setup was constructed and tests were performed to validate the applicability of the numerical model. The reasonable agreement found between the results obtained numerically and experimentally validates the proposed numerical model.
Numerical Simulation of Fixed-Free End Beam’s Modal Behaviour using Two-Way Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Approach
Authors: Sambu Mathan , Zaman Izzuddin , Manshoor Bukhari , Khalid Amir , Chan Shiau Wei , Abuhatira Ahmed A. , Tey Hwa Li
Published: October 2024

The fluid flow velocity stands as a pivotal parameter with a great influence on the mutual interaction between the fluid domain and structure. This paper focuses on structural deformation, structural velocity, von-Mises stress and frequency response of a fixed-free end beam using two-way coupled fluid-structure interaction within ANSYS Workbench. The parameters such as deformed fluid pressure and velocity were analysed across three diverse flow regimes: laminar, transitional and turbulent – each aligned with distinct fluid velocities. The outcomes show that the total deformation, velocity and von-Mises stress distribution of the fixed-free end beam increase as the inlet fluid velocity increases. As a result, the pressure and velocity distribution in the fluid flow which receiving the resultant or leftover structure deflection also increases as the incoming fluid velocity increases. Furthermore, the analysis probes the frequency response in turbulent flow conditions reveals higher values compared to laminar and transitional flows, albeit within the same natural frequency domain. This observation marks significant vibrational characteristics found in the presence of turbulent flow dynamics.
Pressing Mechanism Design and Performance Analysis for Brake Pedal System at Low-Speed Driving
Authors: Norzaimi Nor Iqmal , Ahmad Salmiah , M. Sapardi Mohd Azan
Published: October 2024

This article focuses on the modelling and analysis of an automatic braking mechanism for low-speed driving scenarios. The study aims to replicate the force exerted by a driver on the brake and accelerator pedals by strategically placing the suitable actuator within the pedal subsystem assembly. The primary objective is to model the pedal pressing mechanism for the braking subsystem and gain insights into driver ‘s behaviour during traffic congestion, thereby ensuring the effective operation of the automatic braking system. The actuator was modelled using 3D virtual environment, while the car body or dynamics was modelled using SimScape in MATLAB environment, and the simulation performance analysis was employed to evaluate the performance outcomes. It has shown that the mechanism designed mimics the actual manual pedal pressing mechanism of driver’s leg where the results show that the actuator managed to produce 150 N to reach speed at 8.5 km/h at 48 mm linear actuator stroke. Therefore, the research findings are anticipated to contribute significantly to the advancement of automatic braking systems, particularly during low speed in road traffic delay, which may help in reducing the fatigue among drivers, enhancing vehicle safety, and providing valuable insights for the development of more reliable and efficient systems within the automotive industry.
Optimization of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Polyvinyl Alcohol Electrospun using Taguchi Method for Tissue Engineering Application
Authors: Anwar Hamzah Mohd Syahir , Mat Nayan Nadirul Hasraf , Jusoh Norhana
Published: October 2024

Composite nanofibers for tissue engineering applications were prepared with polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl alcohol via a horizontal electrospinning process. The effect of the processing parameters (polymer concentration, voltage, feed rate and tip-to-collector distance) on the fibre diameter was studied using L9 orthogonal arrays of the Taguchi Method, S/N ratio, and ANOVA to produce uniform and finest fibre. The optimum parameters were at 90 wt% PVDF ratios for polymer concentration, applied voltage at 10 kV, feed rate at 0.5 mL/h and tip-to-collector distance at 15 cm. The PVDF/PVA electrospun compromises 171.60 nm nanofiber diameter with homogenous morphology and no bead formed. MTT and live/dead kit assay analysis toward human (HSF) cells confirmed the potential of the PVDF/PVA electrospun to be used as an alternative tissue template to allow new cell or tissue formation in the future.
DEA-Based Malmquist Productivity Approach for Assessing Total Factor Productivity Change in Malaysian Public Universities
Authors: Ahmad Anis Mardiana , Khurizan Noor Saifurina Nana , Awang Norhashidah
Published: October 2024

This study uses the non-parametric frontier method to examine the productivity growth of Malaysian public universities from 2017 to 2021. It examines changes in productivity at university groups and individual institutions, using three inputs (academic staff, undergraduate student enrolment, and postgraduate student enrolment) and three outputs (undergraduate and postgraduate qualifications awarded and publications). This study analyses productivity changes and breaks them down into technical efficiency and technological change using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)-based Malmquist productivity index (MPI). The analysis reveals that public universities in Malaysia have seen an average annual increase in MPI of 0.5% over the period of the study. However, when the components of this productivity change are examined, it becomes evident that Malaysian public universities have had an annual average 1.3% increase in technology along with a 0.8% decline in technical efficiency. Further evaluation of the indexes reveals disparities between Malaysian university groups. Technical, comprehensive, and research universities make up the group that performs the best to the worst. Although Malaysian public universities’ productivity is increasing, it is mostly due to technology, which comes at the expense of decreased technical efficiency.
Experimental Investigation of Energy Harvesting by Employing Piezoelectric Element and Metallic Cantilever Beam
Authors: Hussein Emad Kamil , Kadhim Mohanad Mubdir , Abdullah Ahmed Kareem , Al-Juaifry Faris Mohammed
Published: October 2024

In this paper, in response to the worldwide energy crisis, a piezoelectric element (0.2*35*50) mounted on a host metallic cantilever beam (0.8*37*220) will be presented as a unique contribution to power generation via the micro-electrical mechanical system. It's made out of aluminium and low carbon steel, both of which have a Young modulus of elasticity of 6.8 and 196 GPa, respectively. In order to take advantage of the engine's vibration as an exciting external force to collect energy in the aforementioned piezoelectric device, the whole rig has been coupled to a diesel engine 5kw 3000 rpm (50 Hz). The average power generated by the aluminium beam was 943 microWatts, while the power generated by the low carbon steel beam was 335 microWatts, an increase of 256%. In addition, for both scenarios, (45) mm from the cantilever beam's fixed point was where the engaged piezoelectric element performed best. The used two metals have different stiffnesses, and this accounts for the obtained difference between the induced powers; increasing the stiffness will result in relatively more power created, and vice versa.
Design and Optimization of LPG Safety Cap using Finite Element Method
Authors: Kasim Mohd Shahir , Yusof Siti Nurul Akmal , Mat Rasul Ruwaidi , Awang Roslan , Abd Rahman Zammeri , Mohamed Saiful Bahri , Sahroni Taufik Roni , Patwari Md. Anayet Ullah
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design and optimization of LPG safety caps, aimed at enhancing safety, reducing material consumption, and optimizing performance. The project employs SolidWorks simulation tools to conduct research and concept design phases. The primary objective is to ensure product safety while minimizing costs through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The final product undergoes rigorous evaluation for performance and consumer safety. Three main goals guide this investigation: to scrutinize existing LPG safety cap designs, minimize material usage, and simulate the optimal design for enhanced safety. Analysis of the current design reveals vulnerabilities, including theft of LPG gas from sealed cylinders and escalating HDPE prices. Proposed designs simplify the current model and economize material consumption, successfully addressing the second objective. Through simulation, an optimal design (Design 8) emerges with superior characteristics compared to the existing model. Design 8 demonstrates a reduced total weight, higher safety factor, and lower maximum von Mises stress value. Notably, it exhibits enhanced safety and resilience, mitigating failure risks under stress conditions. The findings highlight the potential for creating stronger and safer designs while minimizing material requirements. In conclusion, Design 8 emerges as a superior alternative to the current design, boasting advantages in weight reduction, stress tolerance, safety factor, and optimization potential. This study underscores the significance of utilizing advanced computational methods to refine engineering designs for improved safety and efficiency in LPG safety caps.
Efficiency Performance Optimization of Photovoltaic Systems with Solar Concentrators
Authors: Sim Sy Yi  , Linda Low Yee Woon  , Alvin John Lim Meng Siang  , Kah Haw Law , Mousay Khalid Aboubakr Hasan , Mustafa Farahiyah , Zambri Nor Aira
Published: October 2024

Solar energy technology has undergone rapid improvement in recent years, with significant increases in efficiency and decreases in cost, solar energy becoming a viable source of renewable energy for both residential and commercial use. However, despite these advancements, the widespread adoption of solar energy as a primary source of power is still hindered by several challenges. One of the major challenges is the intermittency of solar power, which is caused by the dependence on weather conditions and the limited capacity for energy storage. To overcome these challenges, there are several alternative approaches being researched and developed. One promising alternative that should be highlighted is the use of advanced solar concentrators, which use lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto small, high-efficiency solar cells to increase the amount of sunlight that reaches the solar panels, thus increasing the system's overall efficiency. Solar concentrators have been widely used in large-scale power plants, they can also be used in residential and commercial applications where the cost of photovoltaic cells is prohibitively expensive. They are especially useful in applications where space is limited or where the goal is to maximize the energy output of a given area. Hence, this study aimed to optimize the output of solar energy systems by using solar concentrators. The performance of the system will be compared under two conditions: one without a solar concentrator and one with solar concentrators. Two types of solar concentrators will be tested, the Fresnel lens and a self-made parabolic dish. The efficiency of the photovoltaic system will be analysed based on the output voltage, current, temperature, and power efficiency. An experiment was conducted, and the results have confirmed the significant improvement in efficiency achieved by using solar concentrators. The highest optimization of efficiency was attained with a self-made parabolic dish, showing an impressive increment of 22.6%, followed by the Fresnel lens with 19.77%, and without any solar concentrator at 17.06%. The data acquisitions further demonstrated the superiority of the parabolic dish over the Fresnel lens and the absence of a solar concentrator.
Preparation and Characterization of Acid and Base Modified Fish Scales of Labeo Rohita and Their Application as an Adsorbent
Authors: Sume Sumona Akter , Tabassum Musfika , Ali Md. Korban , Suhag Mahmudul Hassan , Kayes Md. Nazmul
Published: October 2024

The study is carried out to investigate the removal efficiency of the textile dye Congo Red (CR) on fish scales (FS) of Labeo rohita. Huge fish scales are dumped as waste from the fish markets and are not converted into valuable products. That is why a fish scale of widespread fish in Bangladesh Labeo rohita has been selected as an adsorbent in removing Congo red from an aqueous solution. In the present study, the effect of different parameters such as adsorption dosage, contact time, concentration of dye, and pH on the removal of CR were investigated. The maximum dye removal efficiency (88.53 %) was observed for 3g/100 mL of adsorbent at an initial concentration of 1×10-4 M and pH 8.80 after 60 minutes. Modification of the surface of the fish scales was carried out by using HCl and KOH. The surface of the adsorbents was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. After 60 minutes of contact time, the percentage of adsorption for the acid and base-modified FS was 54.81% and 90.51% respectively. The higher intense FTIR spectra of the base-modified FS denoted the better efficiency of the adsorbent at the basic medium. The adsorption kinetics of CR on FS is studied by following the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Experimental results showed that fish scales of Labeo rohita have satisfying color removal efficiency and might be a better alternative to other adsorbents to detoxify industrial wastewater. A mechanism of adsorption of CR on FS has been proposed.
Penerapan P2TL dan Dinas Jaga Laut Untuk Mencegah Kecelakaan di Laut pada MT. Star Valiant
Authors: Asri Haerani , Rachman Subehana , Fajri Asri Muhammad
Published: October 2024

The aim of the research is to determine the implementation of guard services to prevent the danger of collisions in MT. Star Valiant complies with procedures. The research was carried out at MT. Star Valiant, from 30 October 2019 to 20 November 2020. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative. The data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation studies. The results of the research show that the cause of the implementation of (P2TL) and sea watch service which has not been carried out well on board the ship is because a watch officer has not carried out his watch duties according to the set watch hours. and lack of inspection of navigation tools, especially radar, which must be adjusted to weather conditions and sea conditions.
Awareness and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools for Enhanced Research among Postgraduate Students in Universities in Benue State
Authors: Terkuma Stanley Asongo, , Sesugh Stephen Akuse, , Iorember Aza,
Published: October 2024

The credibility of research outputs from Nigerian universities raises concerns, especially among postgraduate students.in view of this, the study investigated Awareness and utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools for Enhanced Research among Postgraduate Students in Universities in Benue State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. A sample of 231 postgraduate students participated in the study. The convenience sampling technique was used to obtain the sample. A self-constructed questionnaire titled Awareness and Utilization of AI Tools Questionnaire was used for data collection. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation, and the hypotheses were tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Major findings revealed that there is a significant difference in the mean ratings of postgraduate students based on programme type on the level of awareness of AI tools for enhance research in universities in Benue State, and there is a significant difference in the mean ratings of postgraduate students based on programme type on the extent of utilization of AI tools for enhance research in universities in Benue State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other things that faculties/departmental heads should organize Seminars and workshops aim at intimating postgraduate students on the use of various AI tools for enhanced research.
Effective Communication Strategies for Business Analysts to Bridge the Gap between IT and Finance
Authors: Nwadinma Okonkwo Josephine
Published: October 2024

As organizations depend more on technology to stay ahead of the competition, their information technology (IT) and business departments must work together closely. However, cultural differences and understanding between the specialized fields often make it hard for them to work together effectively. If these issues are fixed, they could make it easier to finish projects, stick to budgets, and agree on the company's goals. Many companies use business analysts to help people talk to each other by acting as liaisons knowledgeable in technology and finances. However, there is limited information in the literature about how analysts can connect the tasks. This study fills that gap by looking into the problems when IT and finance work together and suggesting specific steps analysts can take to improve strategic alignment. Looking at past studies shows that common differences make it hard for people to work together. IT and finance use different vocabularies for technical terms and project-based versus financial terms, leading to misunderstandings. They also set other priorities. It emphasizes speed of innovation and technical practicality, while finance emphasizes reducing risk, accuracy, and returns. There are also differences in the amount of knowledge and skill that people in IT and finance have regarding technical solution details and financial effects. They also use different ways to make decisions. IT bases judgments on technological factors, while finance assesses business impact. Besides, cultural norms diverge between the flexible and creative IT culture and the rigorous and methodical finance culture. Business analysts should utilize several focused communication strategies to close these gaps. Creating a shared vocabulary helps terms from diverse fields fit. Regular mapping and stakeholder conversations help you grasp other perspectives. Actively listening, repeating, asking questions, and summarizing shows you comprehend. Educating on decision-making variables and expertise broadens perspectives. Discussing cultural meanings and making sure individuals understand questions improves discussion. Using shared goals like increasing sales or lowering costs is another way to unite people around similar goals. By using these specific methods, business experts can help IT and finance work together despite cultural differences. Mapping and teaching regularly help keep relationships strong even as needs and staff change. By focusing on active listening, aligning vocabulary, and highlighting shared interests, you can build good working relationships necessary to get strategic benefits from technology investments.
Evaluate the Knowledge about the WHO- Recommended Antenatal Visits among Antenatal Mothers in the Outpatient Department
Authors: Nimmi R.
Published: October 2024

One of the most crucial aspects of the World Health Organization's family welfare program in India is the promotion of maternal and child health. ANC is the care given to women during pregnancy to ensure that both the mother and the kid remain healthy. Reducing infant and mother mortality and morbidity as well as promoting, protecting, and preventing maternal and perinatal health are beneficial for the long-term growth and development of the nation. Sadly, a lot of women in underdeveloped nations do not get this kind of care.  Objectives: Assess the knowledge of WHO recommended ANC visit among pregnant women..  Methodology:  Research Approach: Qualitative study,  Research Design: Descriptive study,  Population: Antenatal mothers Antenatal mothers who are attending OPD.  Sample Size: The sample size consider of 30 antenatal mothers.  Sample Technique: Non probability sampling convenient sampling techniques adopted in this study.  Result: This study had given some clues that majority 22 (74%) of them had moderate knowledge. 6 (20%) of them had inadequate knowledge, 2(7%) of them had adequate knowledge about antenatal mothers.  Conclusion: This study experiences helped the investigator to spell out some recommendations and develop a self- instructional module so as to improve the knowledge about antenatal mothers.
Het schoolplein en de straat: de dagelijkse ontmoetingen van kinderen in de verzuilde jaren vijftig en de hedendaagse multiculturele stad
Authors: Carolien Bouw , Lia Karsten
Published: October 2024

In de discussie over witte en zwarte scholen wordt vaak vergeten dat onderwijs in eigen kring al een lange historie kent. In de verzuilde jaren vijftig stonden uiteenlopende schoolkeuzen de ontmoetingskansen van kinderen met andere gezindten echter minder in de weg dan tegenwoordig. Het afnemend belang van de straat als locatie voor buiten spelen is hier debet aan. In het debat over etnische segregatie zouden de mogelijkheden voor buiten spelen meer aandacht verdienen.
Het gewoonste gewoon
Authors: van Daalen Rineke
Published: October 2024

Hurenkamp en Duyvendak verkennen ‘het gewone’ in politiek en beleid; Van Daalen zoekt in haar bespreking naar ‘het gewoonste’ en denkt dat te vinden in alledaags gedrag en omgangsvormen.Boekbespreking van: Menno Hurenkamp en Jan Willem Duyvendak (2022) De macht der gewoonte. Populisme in de polder. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Investigation of Teachers Proactivity, Psychological Well-Being and Professional Satisfaction
Authors: UYGUN Servet , MURAT Mehmet
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study was to examine teachers’ proactivity, psychological well-being and professional satisfaction levels and the relationship between them. In order to reach this purpose, a quantitative cross-sectional study, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. Within the scope of the determined purpose, firstly, it was examined whether there was a significant difference in terms of seniority, number of close friends, working in the hometown/abroad, being a teacher/administrator, and marital status. Secondly, it was investigated whether there is a significant relationship between proactivity, psychological well-being and professional satisfaction. The study group of the research consists of 162 teachers working in Kilis. "Abbreviated Proactivity Scale", "Psychological Well-being Scale”, "Occupational Satisfaction Scale” and "Personal Information Form" were used as data collection tools. Independent sample t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. As a result of the study, significant positive relationships were found between proactivity, psychological well-being and occupational satisfaction variables. Regarding demographic variables, it was determined that proactivity differed according to seniority and number of close friends; psychological well-being differed according to the number of close friends and being a teacher/administrator. Professional satisfaction differed according to seniority, number of close friends and working in hometown/abroad. No difference was found in any of the variables of the study according to marital status. There was a moderate positive and significant relationship between psychological well-being and proactivity. A weak positive and significant relationship between psychological well-being and professional satisfaction. A weak positive and significant relationship between proactivity and professional satisfaction. Suggestions were made in line with these results.
Leadership style preferences in Bangladesh’s SMEs: A study on transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership
Authors: Hossin Manir , Azam Shah , Hossain Shamim
Published: October 2024

Purpose – over the years, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have grappled with the challenge of adopting appropriate leadership styles domestically and globally. This study, thus, seeks to identify the prevalent leadership styles in Bangladesh’s SME sector, with a specific em- phasis on transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership.
Research methodology – a positivist research approach was employed to collect and analyse a dataset of 410 samples collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey to different SME owners and managers in Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analyses. Findings – the results revealed that generally SMEs are not recognised with universally accepted leadership style in practice in Bangladesh. Instead, leaders tend to employ all three styles based on individual preferences. Additionally, transformational leadership emerged as the most com- monly practiced style, followed by transactional and laissez-faire leadership.
Research limitations – the study’s applicability is limited to SME owners and managers, specifically those in urban SMEs within a specific region. Thus, the generalisability of the results to employ- ees and SMEs in rural contexts in Bangladesh presents a challenge.
Practical implications – the research insights may be used as valuable guidelines for SME owners and managers in conceptualising leadership styles and their practices, especially in Bangladesh’s SME sector.
Originality/Value – the originality of this research lies in addressing a critical issue where many struggle to apply suitable leadership approaches in varying situations.
LoVoCCS. II. Weak Lensing Mass Distributions, Red-sequence Galaxy Distributions, and Their Alignment with the Brightest Cluster Galaxy in 58 Nearby X-Ray-luminous Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Fu Shenming , Dell’Antonio Ian , Escalante Zacharias , Nelson Jessica , Englert Anthony , Helhoski Søren , Shinde Rahul , Brockland Julia , LaDuca Philip , Larkin Christelyn , Paris Lucca , Weiner Shane , Black William K. , Chary Ranga-Ram , Clowe Douglas , Cooper M. C. , Donahue Megan , Evrard August , Lacy Mark , Lauer Tod , Liu Binyang , McCleary Jacqueline , Meneghetti Massimo , Miyatake Hironao , Montes Mireia , Natarajan Priyamvada , Ntampaka Michelle , Pierpaoli Elena , Postman Marc , Sohn Jubee , Turner David , Umetsu Keiichi , Utsumi Yousuke , Wilson Gillian
Published: October 2024

The Local Volume Complete Cluster Survey is an ongoing program to observe nearly a hundred low-redshift X-ray-luminous galaxy clusters (redshifts 0.03 < z < 0.12 and X-ray luminosities in the 0.1–2.4 keV band L
X500c > 1044 erg s−1) with the Dark Energy Camera, capturing data in the u, g, r, i, z bands with a 5σ point source depth of approximately 25th–26th AB magnitudes. Here, we map the aperture masses in 58 galaxy cluster fields using weak gravitational lensing. These clusters span a variety of dynamical states, from nearly relaxed to merging systems, and approximately half of them have not been subject to detailed weak lensing analysis before. In each cluster field, we analyze the alignment between the 2D mass distribution described by the aperture mass map, the 2D red-sequence (RS) galaxy distribution, and the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). We find that the orientations of the BCG and the RS distribution are strongly aligned throughout the interiors of the clusters: the median misalignment angle is 19° within 2 Mpc. We also observe the alignment between the orientations of the RS distribution and the overall cluster mass distribution (by a median difference of 32° within 1 Mpc), although this is constrained by galaxy shape noise and the limitations of our cluster sample size. These types of alignment suggest long-term dynamical evolution within the clusters over cosmic timescales.
Mira Variables Based on Emission Lines in LAMOST DR9
Authors: Qu Cai-Xia , Luo A-Li , Du Bing , Ma Shu-Guo
Published: October 2024

We present a sample of 335 Mira variables, extracted from DR9 of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) survey. These variables are characterized by the Balmer emissions (Hδ, Hγ, Hβ, and Hα) and the metal emissions (Fe i
λ
λ 4202, 4308, 4376, and Mg i
λ4571) observed in M giant spectra. We distinguished oxygen-rich stars from carbon-rich stars through the identification of carbon molecular bands present in the optical spectra. For the oxygen-rich stars we examined multiple attributes, such as the link between line strength and bolometric luminosity, and the connection between atmospheric parameters and their periods. We observed that Fe i
λ
λ 4202, 4308 showed a significantly gradual progression, which can be postulated to trace the fluorescent emission resulting from pulsation shocks. Regarding the correlation between T
eff and the period, T
eff remains relatively constant over varying periods, with no clear trend, while both log g and [Fe/H] show a decreasing trend within a period range of 450 days, and this decreasing of the log g trend is consistent with the results in the literature. To shed more light on the variations of Balmer lines, we showcase time-series spectra for two objects, demonstrating that the Balmer lines reach their peak intensity during the brightest phase of the stellar cycle.
Electron Shock Drift Acceleration at a Low-Mach-number, Low-plasma-beta Quasi-perpendicular Shock
Authors: Guo Ao , Lu Quanming , Lu San , Yang Zhongwei , Gao Xinliang
Published: October 2024

Shock drift acceleration (SDA) plays an important role in generating high-energy electrons at quasi-perpendicular shocks, but its efficiency in low-beta plasmas is questionable. In this article, we perform a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation of a low-Mach-number, low-plasma-beta quasi-perpendicular shock, and find that the electron cyclotron drift instability is unstable at the leading edge of the shock foot, which is excited by the relative drift between the shock-reflected ions and the incident electrons. The electrostatic waves triggered by the electron cyclotron drift instability can scatter and heat the incident electrons, which facilitates their escape from the shock’s loss cone. These electrons are then reflected by the shock and energized by SDA. In this way, the acceleration efficiency of SDA at low-plasma-beta quasi-perpendicular shocks is highly enhanced.
Nightside Clouds on Tidally Locked Terrestrial Planets Mimic Atmosphere-free Scenarios
Authors: Powell Diana , Wordsworth Robin , Öberg Karin
Published: October 2024

We investigate the impact of nightside cloud formation on the observable day/night contrast of tidally locked terrestrial planet atmospheres. We demonstrate that, in the case where the planetary dayside is only 10 s of Kelvin hotter than the planetary nightside, the presence of optically thick nightside clouds can lead to observations that mimic a planet without an atmosphere, despite the planet actually hosting a significant (10 bar) atmosphere. The scenario presented in this work requires a level of intrinsic atmospheric day/night temperature contrast such that the nightside can form clouds while the dayside is too hot for cloud formation to occur. This scenario is most likely for hotter terrestrials and terrestrials with low volatile inventories. We thus note that a substantial dayside/nightside temperature difference alone does not robustly indicate that a planet does not host an atmosphere, and additional observations and modeling are essential for characterization. We further discuss several avenues for future study to improve our understanding of the terrestrial planets and how best to characterize them with JWST.
Unscrambling the Eggs: Automated Data Extraction from Structured Record Cards
Authors: Salili-James Arianna , Scott Ben , Russell Douglas , Norris Ken , Poon Sanson , Smith Vincent
Published: October 2024

The Natural History Museum in the UK (NHM) is home to more than 80 million objects spanning 4.5 billion years of history. Each of these contain a wealth of data, whether on specimen labels, index cards, registers and/or diaries. Transcribing and categorising this information can help unlock crucial research potential. To do this at scale, we turn to computer vision (CV) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques to automate this work.

Over a million of the museum’s specimens are ornithological, including one of the largest and most comprehensive egg collections in the world. Representing 52% of known bird species, with over 300,000 clutches (where a clutch defines the total group of eggs laid in a nest), collected over the last 200 years, arguably make this the most important archive of avian environmental change data in existence(Norris et al. 2023). The eggs were historically catalogued using index cards, containing key information such as identification, collection date, locality and clutch size. A proportion of these egg cards have now been imaged and this led to the start of this project, focusing on a sample of 15,000 photographed egg cards (example seen in Fig. 1).

Our initial approach used Google Vision to perform Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to transcribe all text with the egg cards. By focusing on textboxes around key terms (e.g., “Collector”), and using CV tools, we approximated boxes around every key category. Finally, each text segment was associated to a category box, followed by minor post-processing in order to extract (i.e., transcribe and categorise) the data. Here we successfully extracted the data within the sample, with a 98.6% average accuracy. Although our methods worked well for our sample, they did rely on consistency within the structures of cards.

To expand the project further, and to mitigate the reliance on consistent structures within cards, we turned to Large Language Models (LLMs). This allowed us to explore automatic data extraction from different types of cards and labels, despite variation in the card structure, and even handle unknown categories of text. Consequently, the scope of the data collected was widened, such as adding ornithological specimen data (e.g., skins), as well as external datasets through collaboration with the British Trust for Ornithology, who manage the Nest Record Scheme (Crick et al. 2003), which holds decades of vital information on the progress of monitored nests in the UK.

This index-card data-extraction project is just the beginning. As we expand our data extraction capabilities, our aim is to develop a novel pipeline that can be applied not just to avifauna-related cards, but any structured textual data, with the potential to unlock invaluable insights.
The ASV Registry: a place for ASVs to be
Authors: Bräunig Christian , Meid Sandra , Quast Björn , Rduch Vera , Grobe Peter
Published: October 2024

Despite the effectiveness of DNA metabarcoding for gaining insights into biodiversity and environmental species composition, a centralised management and storage option including easy accessibility of already-published data is lacking. Since most data are published as supplementary material or in private repositories, DNA metabarcoding has a huge untapped potential to be used for analyses across multiple taxa, sample locations or multiple research projects. We developed a platform to register, manage and identify amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) or zero-radius OTUs (ZOTUs), respectively, against several barcode reference datasets. Moreover, ASV tables can be uploaded, managed, versioned and published with DOIs thus contributing to the full research Data Life Cycle.
Complementary description of Peltidium nayarit (Copepoda, Harpaticoida, Peltidiidae) and a new record at Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico
Authors: Palomares-García José Ricardo , Gómez-Gutiérrez Jaime
Published: October 2024

Four adult females of a rare benthic/epiphytic harpacticoid copepod species of the genus Peltidium Philippi, 1839 were collected from insular zooplankton samples obtained at Revillagigedo National Park, Mexico. They were identified as Peltidium nayarit Suárez-Morales & Jarquín-González, 2013 with type location (and the single previously known distribution site) at Playa Careyeros (20°46'59.46"N, 105°30'35.48"W), Nayarit, Mexico. We provide a complementary description of this species including new details of antennules, caudal rami, legs 1 and 5, and cuticular ornamentation using scanning electron microscopy observations. Peltidium nayarit has a dark reddish-pink coloration allegedly mimicking the color of the macroalgae where they live, but specimens collected in the present study were obtained from sea surface zooplankton net tows. The record of Peltidium nayarit in the Revillagigedo Islands represents the southwestern-most record of the genus in the Americas and the second record for Mexico.
L’héroïne et ses rapports à l’ Éros dans le champ de la psychose
Authors: Collet Charlotte
Published: October 2024

À l’écoute de patients addicts, la clinique de l’addiction se trouve ornée de signifiants empruntés au discours amoureux, amenant à considérer l’étroitesse des liens qui unirait l’amour et la drogue. Dans le champ de la psychose, l’affinité structurelle envers les toxiques proviendrait de ses différentes fonctions compensatrices de la réalité ; un choix d’objet qui viserait à mettre l’Autre et sa jouissance à distance, comme Lacan le repère dans l’un des possibles destins de l’amour psychotique. C’est à partir du cas clinique de Mehdi, patient toxicomane et ancien héroïnomane, que seront relevés les points de jonction entre l’ Éros et l’héroïne. La relation du patient avec l’héroïne a duré plus de vingt ans, avec une unique interruption lors d’une rencontre amoureuse, soutenant la substitution de sa partenaire à l’objet-drogue.
Retransmettre la transgression ? Les émissions de rock à la télévision française (1967-1988)
Authors: Guebey Maxime
Published: October 2024

En France, la télévision est longtemps régie par un monopole d’État qui fait d’elle « la voix de la France », a fortiori au temps de l’ORTF gaullien. Dans ce contexte, le rock, invention américaine colorée ensuite d’un fort accent britannique, fait figure d’étranger sur les antennes françaises. Une première émission lui est dédiée en 1967 ; plusieurs se succèdent jusqu’aux Enfants du rock qui perdurent jusqu’en 1988. Pendant ces deux décennies, la télévision et le rock ont appris à s’apprivoiser, provoquant d’abord des scandales, puis amorçant une forme de synergie à l’ère du vidéoclip.
Un sous-genre « féminin » dans une musique d’hommes. Le rôle de la presse metal française et de ses annonceurs dans la définition du metal gothique, 1996-2000
Authors: Bénard Charlène
Published: October 2024

Seul média de masse du metal en France, la presse magazine joue un rôle primordial dans la définition du metal gothique, en particulier par la position dominante qu’y occupent les annonceurs. En plein apogée dans les années 1990, le metal gothique est un sous-genre de metal dont les vocalistes sont majoritairement des femmes. Cet article analyse la façon dont la rédaction et ses annonceurs définissent et consolident le metal gothique sur des valeurs a priori contradictoires : le metal et le féminin.
Entre España y los Estados Unidos. La Fundación Del Amo y sus proyectos científicos para la universidad española (1929-1979)
Authors: Rodriguez Lopez Carolina
Published: October 2024

En 1929 Gregorio del Amo, un empresario español afincado en California, promovió una fundación americana con su nombre dedicada a la potenciación de proyectos científicos y académicos entre España y EE. UU. Su primer objetivo fue la creación de una Residencia Universitaria en el campus de Madrid, pero el proyecto completo incluía programas de intercambio de estudiantes, financiación de proyectos científicos vinculados con empresas españolas y promoción de la cultura española en EE. UU. Este artículo presenta las principales actividades desarrolladas por la Fundación Del Amo durante los 50 años de su historia con el fin de conocer las transferencias, vínculos y expectativas con la cultura, la universidad y la administración españolas. Prestaremos especial atención al tipo de relaciones políticas y académicas que la Fundación Del Amo impulsó especialmente durante el franquismo como parte de la nueva posición que Franco quería jugar en el escenario internacional.
A Global Campus Beyond the Cold War. Peace and Disarmament Among Spanish Academics during the Debate on Joining and Remaining in NATO (1981-1986)
Authors: Quaggio Giulia
Published: October 2024

Historiography has recently shown a special interest in assessing the cultural impact of the social engagement of academics during the Cold War through their advocacy of disarmament or human rights. This academic social activism became part of a complex “transnational civil society,” which was to influence international relations. In light of these considerations, this article aims to delve into the distinctive characteristics of the “nuclear culture” and “science diplomacy” of the Spanish academic world between 1981 and 1986. Spain’s experience of the final stage of the Cold War was somewhat unusual. The resurgence of nuclear tension between the two superpowers was mediated by the domestic political transition from a military dictatorship to a parliamentary democracy, but also by the democratisation of foreign policy and the accession of Spain to NATO. To understand how this took place and with what effects, this article will focus on three main points. Firstly, it will set out an analysis of the impact of historian E.P. Thompson’s critical thinking on the Cold War and the European Campaign for Disarmament among Spanish academics. Secondly, it will examine how certain academics, who played an active part in the debate either for or against joining and remaining in NATO, shaped the nuclear culture of the time through the daily press. Finally, it will argue the involvement, or lack thereof, of Spain’s scientific sector in transnational networks for peace and disarmament and how, through civil society itself, the foundations were laid for the first centres aimed at the dissemination and study of peace.
The Usefulness of Data in the Study of the Feminisation and Re-Masculinisation of Religion in Spain (1880-1930)
Authors: Camino Alejandro
Published: October 2024

The feminisation of religion is a category used for organizing the knowledge on sexual difference in modern imaginary. Concerning Spain at the turn of the twentieth century, the analysis of data on the participation of men and women in pious activities can serve to enrich the study of the feminisation and re-masculinisation of religion. First, it allows us to assess that the pious practices related to the most significant dates in the Catholic calendar was, regularly, similar for both sexes. Moreover, the use of data can test the hypothesis that sometimes there existed a notion of feminisation of religion even in a context where there was no substantial difference de facto between sexes concerning religious practice. This phenomenon could be explained by such a notion being imported from places where such a trend was indeed underway. I do not argue for a return to the ways and methods typical of social history in its heyday; what I strive for is to engage with the current lines of research on the feminisation and re-masculinisation of religion and carry out a nuanced analysis of the available data that would enrich or modify the prevailing interpretation of both phenomena.
Spanish tourist industry during the Franco’s regime through the touristic cinema (1951-1977)
Authors: Zamarreño-Aramendia Gorka , Cruz-Ruiz Elena , Ruiz-Romero de la Cruz Elena
Published: October 2024

Mass tourism in Spain became one of the most prosperous economic sectors in the mid-twentieth century, collaborating in the process of convergence with Europe, using the seductive power of the media, especially the cinema. A quantitative and (to a lesser extent) qualitative analysis methodology was followed. After reviewing the academic literature, the records of the National Film Library were consulted, selecting 87 films of tourist content and of national production, during the period of operation of the Ministry of Information and Tourism (1951-1977). The results have made it possible to identify the tourist segments, the cinematographic genres, the type of tourists, national or foreign, as well as the heritage elements and the services present in the tourist product of the time, visualizing the scenarios where the plots of the films are developed. The cinematography allows showing the elements that constitute the economic tourism model of Franco’s Spain, focused on towns on the Mediterranean coast, especially on the Costa del Sol. The research translates the antecedents of tourism marketing, using cinema as a means of communication that recognizes the economic transformation of Spanish society and the new image of Spain to be projected abroad.