bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FACTORS INFLUENCE ANXIETY LEVEL IN FRACTURE PATIENTS WITH POST OP ORIF
Authors:   Akademi Keperawatan Bahrul Ulum Jombang, Nofiah Niafatun , Asna Afifah Vina ,   STIKes Estu Utomo Boyolali, Indonesia
Published: April 2022

ORIF (Open reduction internal fixation) is a management action given in cases of fractures that use surgical techniques, and can cause discomfort and cause anxiety in patients. This study is an analytical survey research with a cross sectional approach, when sampling using accidental sampling technique, and the sample in this study was fracture patients with Post ORIF surgery at Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi Hospital and obtained 32 respondents. The instrument used is the HARS questionnaire to assess the level of anxiety. Analysis of the data used is SPSS 16.0 software with linear regression test. The results of this study obtained factors that influence the level of anxiety in fractures with Post Orif Surgery at Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi Hospital, namely (p value = 0.039) and education (p value = 0.037). and factors that have no effect on gender, surgery history, type of surgery and medications you are taking. Conclusion: the most influential factor on the anxiety level of fracture patients with POST OP ORIF is education and then the patient's age.
EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM USE OF ETONOGESTREL CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANT: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Poltekkes Kemenkes Medan, Br Tarigan Siang
Published: April 2022

Implantable contraceptives are a long-term birth control option for women. However, contraceptive implants are not suitable for everyone. One of the contraceptive implants that is often used is etonogestrel. Etonogestrel is a progestin, or synthetic progestogen, and is therefore an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens such as progesterone. It works by stopping ovulation, thickening the mucus around the cervical opening, and changing the lining of the uterus. It has very weak androgenic and glucocorticoid activity and no other important hormonal activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the side effects of long-term use of the etonogestrel implant contraceptive through a literature study. The three databases used are Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus in this study. The literature search was carried out after the PICO was determined and used the keywords “Effect”, “Etonogestrel Contraceptive Implant”, “Long Term”. Based on the analysis of the 11 articles obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the Etonogestrel Implant Contraceptive is a safe and effective contraceptive method for use in women of childbearing age. Even so, etonogestrel has side effects such as menstrual irregularities, breast tenderness, mood swings, acne, headaches, vaginitis
Katılım Bankacılık Sistemi İle Geleneksel Bankacılık Sisteminin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Tabaş Mehmet
Published: April 2022

Interest-free banking system the banking system by the size of the banking system overall participation in the banking system since the inception of the period of participation within hizmetsel diversity, performing in terms of profit distributed to depositors and the numerical oranlilik paylilig other factors such as how participation in this study a comparison has been done with commercial banks where the level of success of the banking system overall experience within the banking system tried to put. In comparison with the general banking system, which occupies a fairly large area in the literature, it is observed that the studies conducted on the participation banking system are limited. When the reason for this is examined, it is seen that the participation banking system has a new background compared to the past of traditional banking. Keywords: Interest-Free Banking, Participation Banking, Traditional Banking
Özel Öğretim Kurumlarında Toplam Kalite Yönetiminin Uygulanması
Authors: Tuncay Alper
Published: April 2022

The Ministry of Education as a school, or even aware of the importance of quality in the classroom for more than 20 years of Total Quality Management Implementation Project realized. There are schools and institutions, its impact on the project and the situation is important in terms of labor spent on studies. Total Quality Management in all public institutions, as well as contemporary participatory management approach and implementation of the national education system in the process of habituation occurred. Exchange of training programs, the implementation of student-centered educational programs is a positive development in the process of implementation of Total Quality Management. Where leading executives adopted the philosophy of Total Quality Management, continuous improvement targeted, small but continuous steps were taken forward, with one study achieved full participation is not possible to reach the success of Total Quality Management practices. Key Words: Education Management, Total Quality Management, Private Educational Institutions
Toplumsal Gerçekçi Bir Yazar Olarak Mustafa Kutlu’nun Edebî Şahsiyetinin Hikâyeleri Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi
Authors: Koçak Işık Ayşe
Published: April 2022

Various elements are involved in the formation of an author's literary personality. The first of these elements is the author's own personality. As a person, the fact that a person develops himself in an intellectual, moral and spiritual sense and achieves a certain level is considered to be the main element affecting the products that this person will put forward. Based on the stories of Mustafa Kutlu, we get an idea of his literary personality and, of course, his personality, and we see that he has created a strong identity before his stories. Kutlu, as a thinker who questions, criticizes and observes justice in doing so, has no bigane left to the social events that he has experienced or witnessed. Considering the 1960s-80s, when his literary life began and developed, we can see that he witnessed the depression periods in which Turkish society was located, and he also related this to his stories. In the light of these evaluations and determinations, we see that Kutlu is a name that fills important gaps in Turkish storytelling. Kutlu, who took a rather separate place in the Turkish story after 1970 in terms of the issues he covered and his style, drew attention to the religious, cultural and identity corruptions occurring in society and individuals by describing the change and transformation of Turkish society in a realistic style. In his stories, he especially blessed the countryside where tradition is assumed to live / live by giving space to the changes and transformations that people who came by migration have undergone in the city in a bad way. It can be said that the village is a place of virtue and the city is a place of alienation in Kutlu's stories, which observe depressions in urban people who have been defeated, torn from traditional values and life, whose mind and psychology have been tarumar. Keywords: Literary Personality, Social Realism, Turkish Storytelling
Kronik Diazepam Uygulamasının ve Diazepam Yoksunluğunun Kaçınma Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Güzel Yunus
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of low-dose chronic diazepam (DZ) administration and diazepam withdrawal on avoidance behavior in the two-way shock box of rats. Twenty-four rats were selectively divided into three groups (1 mg/kg DZ, 2 mg/kg DZ, control group), all rats were trained to avoid electric shock (0.8 mA) from grids on the floor of the box by passing through the box from one compartment to another. After 5 sessions of training over a seven-day period, chronic drug administration was started. For twenty-eight days, the first group was given 1 mg/kg DZ (DZ1), the second group was given 2 mg/kg DZ (DZ2), and the third group (control group-COUNT group) was given the solution in which the drug was dissolved. L, 7 of all animals, chronic drug administration., 14., 21. and 28. they have been tested in their day. Key Words: Diazepam, Avoidance, Tolerance, Withdrawal, Two-Way Shock Box
Effects of Trade, Environment Quality and Human Capital on Industrial Sector Output in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Nasim Ismat , Chaudhry Imran Sharif , Bashir Furrukh
Published: April 2022

The study is conducted to explore the effectiveness of various variables i.e. Trade, Environmental Quality and Human Capital on Industrial Sector Output by taking data of 63 developing economies, Panel Unit root and Panel ARDL approaches are applied for empirical results. The supporting variable are selected from theoretical support like Labor, Capital, Broad Money, GDP deflator and human capital. The study explores that Money Supply, Human Capital, Government Expenditure and Capital Stock are increasing industrial sector output, but it is reduced by Carbon Dioxide Emission, Trade Openness, Labor Force and Price Level.
Assessing the Determinants of Efficiency: An Empirical Evidence from Developing Economy
Authors: Nadeem Warda , Iqbal Nadeem , Hanif Hassan
Published: April 2022

Increasing banks' efficiency may help boost the country's economic activity. This study aims to focus on the Pakistani bank’s technical efficiency over the period 2014 to 2019. The study adopts the non-parametric estimation technique based on the output-oriented CCR model to measure banks' technical efficiency scores. The obtained results revealed that the six banks from 30 that remain technically efficient in the sample period from 2014-2019 were Bank Alfalah Ltd, CITI Bank NA Pakistan, Habib Metropolitan Bank Ltd, Industrial Development Bank, MCB Bank Ltd and Samba Bank Ltd. So, other banks should follow the efficient utilization of resources as these banks are utilizing and set as a benchmark of Technical Efficiency. From the results of GMM, it is concluded that the firm-specific determinants that have a significant negative effect on technical efficiency in the case of Pakistan are leverage. In contrast, profitability and solvency have a significant positive impact on the technical efficiency of banks. However, bank size and liquidity are found to be insignificant. Among the macroeconomic variables, GDP has a significant positive impact, whereas interest rate and regulatory quality have a significant negative effect on the technical efficiency of banks in Pakistan. However, political stability was found to be insignificant. The findings of this study have important policy implications for regulators and managers by focusing on the minimal utilization of input and by maximizing output through better management of resources like fixed assets, labor, operating expenses, deposits, and equity. To maximize the outcomes of the banks that are an investment, net profit, loans, other earning assets, and non-interest income, banks can maximize their technical efficiency. Secondly, the banking efficiency could also be enhanced through firm-specific and macroeconomic variables.
Eficacia terapéutica y seguridad del tocilizumab en COVID-19. Revisión narrativa
Authors: Di Líbero Eugenia , Osuna Carolina , Gañete Marcelo
Published: April 2022

A la fecha, excepto los glucocorticoides, ningún otro tratamiento farmacológico ha demostrado disminución de la mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 severo-crítico. Con el objetivo de discutir su utilidad en la terapéutica, se realizó una revisión y lectura crítica de los estudios publicados más significativos sobre el uso de tocilizumab.

Se realizó una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos bibliográficas priorizando la inclusión de revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos randomizados controlados (ERCs); que analizaran el efecto del tocilizumab en COVID-19 en diferentes puntos de valoración.

Se incluyeron 5 ERCs y 4 meta-análisis en la evaluación, todos ellos incluyeron pacientes con COVID-19 confirmado y mayoritariamente severos-críticos. El punto de valoración principal (PVP) fue la mortalidad a los 28 días y como resultado secundario de relevancia, la progresión a ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI); se analizó además, la seguridad de la intervención, fundamentalmente a nivel de la ocurrencia de infecciones secundarias.

Del análisis surge que la mayor posibilidad de beneficio parece estar circunscripta a pacientes con enfermedad severa-crítica, que reciben corticoides, con marcadores de inflamación elevados (PCR >10 mg/dL) y enfermedad rápidamente progresiva. Existe alto grado de certeza respecto del impacto del tocilizumab en evitar la progresión a VMI, con una pequeña magnitud del efecto y moderado grado de certeza respecto de su impacto en la mortalidad; además de que resultó una medicación segura.
The cactus collection (Cactaceae Juss.) in the ”Al. Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute)
Authors:   ", Timbali Valentina ,   Alexandru Ciubotaru",   National Botanical Garden (Institute), Republic of Moldova, Rogacico Sergiu ,   "Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute), Republic of Moldova, Gusanova Victoria ,   "Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute), Republic of Moldova, Poleacov Anton ,   "Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute), Republic of Moldova
Published: April 2022

The collection of plants of the Cactaceae Juss. family was created and developed in the „Al. Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (I), during about 50 years. At the end of 2020, it included 1009 taxa of 141 genera. The genera with the most numerous representatives in the collection are the following: Mammillaria Haw. with 206 taxa; Opuntia Mill. – 51; Gymnocalicium Pfeiff. – 42; Echinocereus Engelm. – 37 etc. Over 50% of the total number of cacti reach the generative stage (bloom), and about 30-35% produce fruits with seeds. The basic method of propagating cacti is the generative one. Freshly collected seeds germinate in 3-11 days, those stored under laboratory conditions – in 6-32 days, and the germination capacity varies from 2 to 99%, depending on the duration of storage. After germination, the seedlings grow and develop very slowly.
DO FAST/JUNK FOODS HAVE AN EFFECT ON ASTHMA IN CHILDREN
Authors: SHAJI ABIN , JACOB JOEL , MOHANADAS RUPESH
Published: April 2022

Certain types of food may increase or decrease the frequency of asthma exacerbations. The study is aimed at determining whether there is an association between consuming fast/junk foods and asthma. A well-adjusted, standardized questionnaire was used for the collection of information. This study is focused on finding a relationship between fast food intake and frequency and severity of asthma exacerbation rather than a causative relationship. This is a cross-sectional study done in the southern part of India in the state of Kerala. The correlation between fast food and asthma is established through a detailed analysis of the results. After adjusting for confounding variables like Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and allergens at home we were able to indicate that fast/junk food consumption is a risk factor for asthma symptom exacerbation in children.
STRESS IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS DURING COVID 19: A COMPARISON BETWEEN GEORGIA AND UAE
Authors: ANJALI ANAND , SUSAN SAJI JYOTHIS , SHARON SUNIL , TRINITA ROBINSON
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic increased workload and stress for the healthcare workers leading to their burnout. To identify and compare the contributors and effects of increased stress between Georgia and the UAE. An e-questionnaire related to stress and its contributing factors was made on google forms and sent to HCP's throughout Georgia and the UAE. We received 75 responses, with 77% being HCP's from the UAE and 23% from Georgia. Most of the responders from Georgia stated that they felt hopeless. The increase in workload was more significant in HCP's of UAE, and the majority had chosen a score of 3 out of 5. This severe psychological impact was related to several stressors observed in this study. The lack of participants from Georgia curbed our results, and further investigations should be considered.
ASSOCIATION OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: GOGOLASHVILI ANA , PESTVENIDZE MARIAM , KERATISHVILI DIANA
Published: April 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition resulting mainly in social and communication problems, the risk factors of which are still not substantially explored. The study aims to identify the probable association between ASD and low birth weight in the Georgian population, to promote early identification of disease in those patients.A total of 100 patients aged 2-18 years with ASD diagnosed via ICD 10 were analyzed. Birth weight was obtained from medical records and the prevalence of low birth weight in ASD children was determined. Patients were stratified according to other possible risk factors. 11 out of 96 had low birth weight, out of which 73% were preterm, 55% were delivered with C-section, 45% had neonatal complications, and 55% had pregnancy complications. The findings showed an 11.5% prevalence of low birth weight in ASD patients that suggest a possible relationship between these two and warrant more extensive investigation.
INFLUENCE OF GENDER IN DEVELOPING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES (Review Article)
Authors: ABASHISHVILI LUKA , GOGOLASHVILI ANA , KERATISHVILI DIANA , PESTVENIDZE MARIAM
Published: April 2022

Autoimmune diseases and their management are one of the most challenging problems of modern society. These types of diseases are far more commonly seen in women than in men. We believe that understanding the reasons for the sex-based differences in autoimmune diseases can play a significant role in managing the patients. This review summarizes the most important contributors to gender-based disparity, such as the X chromosome, sex hormones, micro-RNA, and microbiota.
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANTS WITH EMPHASIS ON AGEING (Review Article)
Authors: ANJALI ANAND , LOMINADZE EKA , MATITASHVILI GURAM , KAPANADZE NIKA , DARTSIMELIA TEKLE , TKEMALADZE TINATIN
Published: April 2022

Numerous theories have been postulated to understand the process of aging. One of them links degenerative senescence to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are natural byproducts of oxygen metabolism. Understanding and supporting this theory may be of great importance due to number of reasons. Firstly, there are well-established risk factors that can increase the production of ROS in our body. Secondly, there are different types of antioxidants that can neutralize toxic effects of ROS. Examples of antioxidants include natural enzymes produced in our body, as well as certain exogenous supplements. Moreover, antioxidant supplementation is already offered by some facilities as a hope to decrease age-related complications. Therefore, it is crucial to understand, how ROS is involved in the process of aging and if there is any evidence how alteration in ROS and antioxidants levels influence the process of ageing.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND MOOD DISORDERS IN ADULTHOOD (Review Article)
Authors: GIGILASHVILI MARIAM , RAMISHVILI RATI , KATSITADZE ZURA
Published: April 2022

It is commonly believed that childhood trauma can manifest into mood disorders in adulthood; the aim of our study is to thoroughly review the array of mood disorders that can be caused by childhood trauma and underline the predisposing risk factors and mechanisms of developing negative symptoms. We are trying to investigate the relationship between specific trauma types and mood disorders. For this purpose, we reviewed more than 20 articles on various childhood traumas, mood disorders, their mechanisms, and relationship. In our research, we specifically focus on the risk of developing mood disorders in the victims of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect, briefly review the statistical data, as well as try to explain the pathophysiologic mechanism by analyzing: genetic factors, neuroplasticity, HPA axis, hippocampal volume and the effect of oxytocin.
GUT-MICROBIOME-BRAIN AXIS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PARKINSON'S DISEASE (Review Article)
Authors: SUSAN SAJI JYOTHIS , SHARON SUNIL , TRINITA ROBINSON , SAFAR BASHEER , I KAVIL KAND , AKHVLEDIANI TAMAR
Published: April 2022

The relationship between the nervous system and microbiota opened up research opportunities that can significantly change the management of several neurological disorders. The discovery of the microbiota-gut-brain axis helped us understand how the information is relayed between the brain and the enteric nervous system. This connection demonstrated how, in Parkinson’s disease, the alpha- synuclein accumulates in different organs, resulting in a wide array of symptoms. Moreover, pathways such as the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, the neuroinflammatory pathway, and neuroactive molecules are associated with the pathophysiology of PD. The manifestation of gastrointestinal symptoms and altered gut microbiota have been noted in patients several years before other significant clinical symptoms appeared. The role of alpha-synuclein accumulation and environmental factors that disrupt the natural flora of the gut in the overall progression of PD has been observed through well documented clinical studies on mice. With the current knowledge that has been established, the alteration of gut microbiota using recently explored treatment options such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary changes, and certain antibiotics can prevent the progressive symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
THE EFFICACY OF CGRP ANTAGONISTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE (Review Article)
Authors: AALIF ZAHEER , OMAR AKHTAR , NARENDRANATH RAVI , BILAL MUNEER MOHAMMED , AKHVLEDIANI TAMAR
Published: April 2022

Migraine is one of the most common and disabling diseases in the world. The usage of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) antagonist drugs has been on the horizon and looks to be a promising treatment option. Growing evidence suggests that CGRP plays a key role in the development of peripheral sensitization and associated enhanced pain. CGRP is involved in the development of neurogenic inflammation and is upregulated in inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions. Drugs like Erenumab, Rimegepant, Olcegepant and others of the same category have shown significantly fewer side effects along with high therapeutic effects, which makes this group of drugs a useful addition to the existing therapeutic options.
Current Trends in Accounting History
Authors: Walker Stephen P.
Published: April 2022

The paper explores trends in accounting history in the immediate aftermath of what has been described as the”golden 1990s”. Recent developments in the subjects of accounting history research are identified. Areas of declining and expanding research activity are discussed as well as changes within established themes and new areas of interest. Challenges confronting the accounting history research community, such as limited interdisciplinary engagement, the “Anglo-Saxon” hegemony and variations in the status of the craft in different nations, are also considered.
Supervisory Actions, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions of Irish Trainee Accountants
Authors: Sweeney Breda , Boyle Brid
Published: April 2022

This study examines the relationships between levels of job satisfaction, perceived supervisory actions and turnover intentions of Irish trainee accountants. Data was collected using a survey questionnaire in 2004. Findings suggest that perceived supervisory actions (comprising aspects of leadership, mentoring and working conditions) are significantly positively related to job satisfaction. Job satisfaction in turn was found to be significantly positively related to intentions to remain in the firm. The supervisory areas of greatest concern among trainee accountants relate to inadequate time allocations for their work and lack of efforts to minimise work related stress. Significant differences were found between Big Four and non Big Four respondents. Implications for accounting firms and academics and areas for future research are discussed in the paper.
Public hearing of the results on the implementation of projects in the fields of research and innovation – a fundamental credit of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
Authors:   Academia de Științe a Moldovei, Condraticova Liliana
Published: April 2022

According to the stipulations of the Code on Science and Innovation of the Republic of Moldova and the Statute of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, one of the main responsibilities of the Academy refers to the public hearing of the results of project implementation in the fields of research and innovation. The ASM was involved in assessing the scientific results and organizing the public hearings of the projects of different types, financed from the state budget, in the years 2019–2021. This article examines the key-terms applied in the public hearing of reports, the significance, objectives and mission, the algorithm of organization and the finality of the research project reporting process. The process of organizing public hearings between years 2019–2021 is analyzed in stages, as well as the updated documents as a result of the proposals for improvement from project managers, organizations in the fields of research and innovation, ANCD, ASM, as follows: the Instruction on public hearing of the results of the projects implementation in the fields of research and innovation, the structure of the report, the reporting model, the Expert Assessment Form, the structure of the advisory opinion. The public hearings of scientific reports on project implementation provide the society, business and education environment the opportunity to be informed about research teams, scientific projects and results in a given period of activity, ensuring the transparency of a crucial area for the sustainable development of society. The research and innovation projects are intended to be focused on integrating the scientific and innovation results of the Republic of Moldova into the European Research Area.
Digital processing of dialectal texts published in Chisinau in the years 1969–1987
Authors:   Institutul de Filologie Română „Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu”, Republica Moldova, Popovschi Liliana , Malahov Ludmila ,   2 Institutul de Matematică și Informatică „Vladimir Andrunachievici”, Republica Moldova, Colesnicova Vlada ,   Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova
Published: April 2022

The dialectal texts published in Chisinau in the years ‘60–‘80 of the past century are of particular importance for research in different fields of science: linguistics (especially dialectology, the history of the Romanian language, stylistics), history, ethnography, folklore studies, sociology, psychology, ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics. Revitalizing them through digital processing and transliteration from the Cyrillic script into the Latin script will allow their full exploration. Currently, from the six volumes of the collection Dialectal Texts: Supplement to the Moldavian Linguistic Atlas, the first volume has been scanned, recognized, and transliterated resulting in the Latin script text. A set of the accompanying items (recognition templates, the user alphabet, and the spelling dictionary) have been prepared to automate the process. Based on the established transliteration rules, a converter was developed to convert the recognized text of the Romanian local speech samples from the Cyrillic-based phonetic transcription into the Latin-based one.
Crop rotation and soil fertility – limiting factors in ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture in the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări pentru Culturile de Câmp „Selecția, Republica Moldova, Boincean Boris
Published: April 2022

The article comprises experimental data obtained from long-term tests in crop rotations and permanent crops carried out at ”Selectia” Research Institute of Field Crops.They confirm the possibility of significantly reducing the dependence of agriculture on the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides for diseases,pests and weeds control,irrigation water etc.The effect of fertilization is considerably higher in the permanent crop and at the incorrect alternation of the crops after the predecessors,compared to the effect of crop rotation.The efficiency of using nitrogen from mineral fertilizers is relatively low which increases the risk of global warming by emission of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. The share of soil fertility in the formation of yields for most crops is dominant due to the relatively small share of nitrogen from mineral fertilizers in the total nitrogen extract.The sustainable and resilient management of soil organic matter is crucial in order to ensure a viable development of agricultural sector in the Republic of Moldova.Agriculture can provide both the country”s food security and its energy security.
A framework for the analysis of the SME sector in the Republic of Moldova in the context of entrepreneurship development
Authors:   Institutul Național de Cercetări Economice, Republica Moldova, Novac Alexandra
Published: April 2022

Recognizing that entrepreneurship is an important driver of economic growth, employment, innovation and productivity, increasingly arouses the interest of theorists and practitioners in identifying both the entrepreneurial level and the premises and conditions that would ”measure” the complexity of entrepreneurship. In this context, the objective of this research is to review the literature on the evaluation of entrepreneurship and the development of a conventional ”framework” for the analysis of the small and medium enterprises (SME) sector in the Republic of Moldova in the context of entrepreneurship development. The following methods and techniques were used in the research process: desk research, critical analysis and generalization of specialized literature, analytical materials, rankings and international databases. The research resulted in the development of a ”framework” for the analysis of the SME sector in the Republic of Moldova in the context of the entrepreneurship development, based on foreign experience in the field and the main sources of documentation on SME and entrepreneurship policies, such as: a series of statistical data and information on the activity of SMEs produced by the public authorities of the Republic of Moldova, reports and studies in the field of entrepreneurship, prepared by international organizations (World Bank, World Economic Forum etc.)
Theoretical aspects of product positioning
Authors:   Academia de Studii Economice a Moldovei, Aricova Liubov
Published: April 2022

The article has examined the topical issue actual for contemporary business practice related to product positioning. Despite the interest in positioning, contemporary science has not decided upon relating it to the concept, strategy and complex of practical actions. The question of applying classical solutions in new business conditions for consumers has also remained open. Regarding marketing in the direction of positioning, there is still a significant lack of experience, research, practical recommendations for creating and supporting the product positioning methods in the field of marketing activities of the enterprise. At the same time, the current stage of development of the service sector, the needs of the population, the innovative development of the economy and competition put forward the tasks of improving the management of product positioning.
HUBUNGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA RUANGAN DENGAN KINERJA PERAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA MEDAN TAHUN 2018
Authors: Samgryce Siagian Hartika , Harefa Aktivitas
Published: April 2022

Gaya kepemimpinan adalah sebagai cara penampilan karakteristik atau tersendiri/khusus yang ditunjukkan oleh pimpinan. Gaya kepemimpinan autokratis: merupakan kepemimpinan yang berorientasi pada tugas atau pekaryaan. Gaya kepemimpinan demokratis: merupakan kepemimpinan yang menghargai sifat dan kemampuan setiap staf. Menggunakan kekuasaan posisi dan pribadinya untuk mendorong ide-ide dari staf, memotivasi kelompok untuk menentukan tujuan sendiri. Berdasarkan gaya kepemimpinan mayoritas kepala ruangan memiliki gaya kepemimpinan demokratis yaitu sebanyak 43 orang (75,40%), minoritas dengan gaya kepemimpinan otokratis yaitu 14 orang (24,60%). Berdasarkan kinerja mayoritas kinerja kurang baik yaitu 1 orang (1,76%). Berdasarkan hubungan gaya kepemimpinan dengan kinerja diketahui bahwa dari 14 responden yang mempersepsikan gaya kepemimpinan kepala ruangan dengan gaya kepemimpinan otoriter, 13 orang dengan kinerja baik dan 1 orang dengan kinerja kurang baik, sedangkan dengan 43 responden yang mempersepsikan gaya kepemimpinan kepala ruangan dengan gaya kepemimpinan demokratis mayoritas kinerja perawat baik sebanyak 43 orang dan tidak ada kinerja perawat yang kurang baik. Uji Chi-Square diperoleh nilai phitung = 0,07 maka phitung > pvalue (0,05) maka dikatakan (H0) diterima dan (Ha) ditolak, artinya kedua variabel secara statistik tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan.
PENGUJIAN PENETRASI IN-VITRO SEDIAAN GEL, KRIM, GEL-KRIM EKSTRAK BIJI KOPI (Coffea arabica L.) SEBAGAI ANTISELULIT
Authors: Chandra Devina
Published: April 2022

Biji kopi (Coffea arabica L.) mengandung senyawa kafein yang berkhasiat sebagai antiselulit dengan mekanisme mengurangi lipogenesis serta meningkatkan lipolisis. Biji kopi diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%, ekstrak etanol biji kopi diformulasikan menjadi sediaan gel, krim, dan gel-krim. Prinsip pembuatan gel dengan proses dispersi, dimana ekstrak biji kopi didispersikan kedalam gelling agent carbopol ultrez 20 yang dikembangkan dalam medium air murni; krim dengan proses emulsifikasi, dimana emulgator berfungsi sebagai penurun tegangan antar muka fase minyak sehingga dapat bercampur dengan fase  air; dan gelkrim melalui proses emulsifikasi terbentuk basis krim dan ditambahkan gelling agent.  Dalam penelitian ini, bertujuan untuk memformulasi tiga bentuk sediaan, yaitu gel, krim, dan gel-krim kemudian diuji penetrasi in-vitro dengan menggunakan Sel Difusi Franz. Ketiga bentuk sediaan yang terbentuk memiliki pengaruh bentuk sediaan gel, krim, dan gel-krim pada uji penetrasi secara in vitro dengan metode Franz Diffusion Cell, yaitu jumlah kumulatif kafein terpenetrasi, persentase kafein terpenetrasi, dan fluks. Jumlah kumulatif kafein terpenetrasi sediaan gel, krim, dan gel-krim berturut-turut adalah 820,57; 575,33; dan 756,52 µg.cm-2. Fluks sediaan gel, krim, dan gel-krim berturut-turut adalah 102,57; 71,92; dan 94,57 µg.cm-2.jam-1.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN UBI KAYU (MANIHOT UTILISSIMA CRANTZ) TERHADAP LUKA BAKAR DERAJAT TIGA (3) PADA MARMUT JANTAN (CAVIA COBAYA)
Authors: Aulia Delarosa Dathin , Wulansari Siska
Published: April 2022

Daun ubi kayu adalah salah satu tanaman yang dikenal dan tersebar luas di Indonesia, bahkan banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas penyembuhan luka bakar derajat tiga (3) dan kestabilan penyimpanan dari gel ekstrak etanol daun ubi kayu (Manihot utilissima Crantz) pada marmot jantan (Cavia cobaya). Telah dilakukan penelitian formulasi dan uji efektifitas gel ekstrak etanol daun ubi kayu (Manihot utilissima Crantz) terhadap luka bakar derajat tiga (3) pada marmut jantan (Cavia cobaya) dengan konsentrasi 9% dan 11 % dengan menggunakan metode ANOVA satu arah (One Way ANOVA) program SPSS agar terlihat efektifitas sediaan terhadap luka bakar. Kemudian dilakukan dengan uji Duncan untuk melihat perbedaan yang signifikan antara perlakuan. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa gel ekstrak etanol daun ubi kayu (Manihot utilissima Crantz) efektif dapat menyembuhkan luka bakar pada marmot jantan (Cavia cobaya), hal ini terlihat adanya perubahan pengecilan diameter luka bakar pada gel dengan konsentrasi 9% dan11%. Gel dengan konsentrasi 9% mampu menyembuhkan luka bakar derajat tiga (3), tetapi lebih efektif penyembuhannya pada konsentrasi 11%, karena waktu penyembuhan 37hari, sehingga hampir mendekati penyembuhan dengan Bioplacenton yakni 34hari. Dengan demikian, konsentrasi 11% efektif dalam penyembuhan luka bakar derajat tiga (3).
EFEK PEMBERIAAN VITAMIN C TERHADAP PROFIL FARMAKOKINETIKA NATRIUM DIKLOFENAK DENGAN DATA URIN KUMULATIF PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN
Authors: Efa Harnis Zola
Published: April 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitiaan tentang pengaruh pemberiaan vitamin C terhadap absorbsi Natrium Diklofenak pada tikus putih jantan secara oral. Seperti yang diketahui, vitamin C dapat meningkatkan aktifitas metabolisme dan aktifitas eksresi suatu obat. Oleh karena itu ingin diketahui pada penelitiaan ini yang dilihat dari data urin kumulatif. Penelitiaan ini dibedakan dari dua perlakuaan yaitu tanpa pemberiaan vitamin C dan dengan pemberiaan vitamin C 50mg/kg BB selama 7 hari berturut-turut. Natrium Diklofenak diberikan dengan dosis 25 mg/kg BB. Pada masing-masing perlakuaan menggunakan toluen sebagai pengawet dan etanol 96 % untuk mengendapkan protein pada urin tikus, tikus yang digunakan 6 ekor disetiap perlakuaan. Kadar Natrium Diklofenak di tentukan dengan spektrofotometri ultraviolet pada panjang gelombang 280 nm. Kemudiaan dihitung nilai parameter vitamin c terhadap parameter Natrium Diklofenak dengan analisis statistik uji beda antar dua mean.. Hasil penelitiaan menunjukaan bahwa peningkatan kapasitas eksresi Natrium Diklofenak memalui ginjal tidak dapat ditemukan kembali dalam urin. Hal ini diketahui dari nilai Ae∞, tanpa pemeberiaan vitamin C 70,8776 ± 14,8825 mengalami penurun yang tidak bermakna 65,9726±16,2232. Penurunan nilai Ae∞ diikuti dengan meningkanya laju ekresi  Na diklofenak (Ku) yang bermakna (p<0,05),  meningkatnya nilai Ku tersebut  menunjukkan adanya kemampuaan ginjal dalam mengekresikan Na diklofenak. Selian itu, pada nilai t ½  eliminasi menunjukaan penurunan  yang berarti Natrium diklofenak dalam tubuh menjadi lebih kecil setelah pemberiaan vitamin C. Pemberiaan vitamin c 50 mg/kg BB mempengaruhi aktifitas metabolisme dan eksresi dimana Km dan Kel meningkat secara bermakana (p<0,05).
COST MINIMALIZATION ANALYSIS (CMA) PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI GOLONGAN CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER KOMBINASI ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKER PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI RSU IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA MEDAN
Authors: Gultom Roby , Silvia Mariani
Published: April 2022

Hypertension is a degenerative diseases that can take long treatments or even a lifetime. Hypertensive treatment costs tend to be as high as medical costs and other administrations in hospitals, so a CMA analysis is needed to getmoreeconomical and effective treatment cost. The study was intended to learn the minimum costs of the use of drugs from the CCB combination of ARB. The study is a descriptive observational study of retrospective nature. Studies show that of 60 patients there are 24 male patients (40%) and 36 female patients (60%). The average age of most patients between 51-60 years, with the most hospitalization is 1-5 days. The most widely used antihypertension medication is candesartan 8 mg combination of amlodipin 10 mg (42%) and candesartan 16 mg combination of amlodipin 10 mg (25%). Studies have concluded that antihypertension drugs that have a minimum costs (CMA) is candesartan 16 mg combination of amlodipin 10 mg at Rp.3.870.065.-. Where the average costs paid by patients daily for antihypertensive drugs are Rp.4.952.-, treatment costs Rp.167.819.-, doctor costs Rp. 69.619.- and room administration Rp.310.476.-. So the total daily costs incurred by hypertensive patients at RSU Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan amounts to Rp.552.866.-.
ANALISIS PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWA TENTANG LOGO PADA KEMASAN OBAT GOLONGAN TRADISIONAL DI UNIVERSITAS IMELDA MEDAN
Authors: Samgryce Siagian Hartika , Elnovreny Jane , Marzuki
Published: April 2022

In Indonesia, traditional medicines are grouped into three types, namely traditional medicines (herbs, imported traditional medicines, licensed traditional medicines), standardized herbal medicines (OHT) and phyto-pharmacy. There are three types of logos with their respective criteria for grouping traditional medicines or natural medicines from Indonesia. The three kinds of traditional medicine logos are the herbal medicine logo, the OHT logo and the fitofarmaka logo. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of Imelda University students about the logo on the packaging of traditional medicines. This research is a descriptive survey research and is cross-sectional in nature, namely research that aims to describe the phenomena found at one time and once, both in the form of risk factors and effects or outcomes. Pharmacy students have good knowledge of 84.6% compared to non-pharmaceutical students who have good knowledge of 34.6% about logos on traditional medicine packaging. This is because students in the pharmaceutical field better understand and learn things related to health sciences including information about logos on traditional medicine packaging. Based on research data, it can be concluded that the origin of the study program affects the level of knowledge of the respondents (students), while age, gender, and place of origin did not affect the level of knowledge of the respondents.
EVALUASI INTERAKSI OBAT JANTUNG KORONER PADA PASIEN RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA MEDAN
Authors: Auliafendri Novycha , Darmiyani
Published: April 2022

Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death globally. Deaths in patients with coronary heart disease are 7.8 million out of 11.11 million people in developing countries in 2020. One of the factors that can worsen heart disease is drug interactions caused by patients with heart disease not only having one disease but followed by other diseases. so that they use more than one kind of drug. The purpose of this study was to describe the treatment profile of CHD patients and drug interactions in coronary heart inpatients at Imelda General Hospital, Indonesian Workers. This research is an observational study designed with retrospective descriptive design. Data analysis was carried out by screening drug interactions using the Drug Interaction Checker. The results showed that the criteria for CHD patients mostly occurred in women (56.3%) at the age of 56-60 years (23.9%). The distribution of diagnoses in CHD patients had the most three diagnoses of disease and with the most comorbidities, namely dyspepsia (20.6%) and diabetes mellitus (19.0%). The most widely used coronary heart therapy in inpatients at Imelda Workers' Hospital in Indonesia was SDN (12.7%) while the combination therapy was Clopidogrel and Concor (4.2%). Drug interactions in CHD patients were mostly nifedipine and atorvastatin with moderate levels.
Predictors for coronary artery calcium score and differences in its distributions between populations with and without diabetes
Authors:   BA, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, A Manyak Grigory , H Patel Nidhi ,   BS, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, Teklu Meron ,   BS, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, N Mehta Nehal ,   MD, MSCE, FAHA, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD
Published: April 2022

Cardiometabolic disease encompasses a variety of metabolic dysfunctions including major public health issues such as insulin resistance, obesity, Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation drives the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease in clinical, epidemiological, and translational models. T2DM is an established inflammatory condition with many cardiometabolic relationships and is often associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In this review, psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is used as a model to explain the relationship between systemic inflammation and the onset and progression of cardiometabolic disease in an effort to better understand T2DM. Future efforts should focus on developing CVD risk scores to reflect the importance of inflammatory states such as T2DM and its contribution to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
“Un libro no convencional”: Communities of Response and Finding Jewishness in Alex Appella’s Writing
Authors: Carr Jessica L.
Published: April 2022

This article analyzes Alex Appella’s art book published in Argentina in English as The János Book and in Spanish as Entonces el libro and Después de la carta, along with the reception of the book among “communities of response” in classrooms throughout Argentina through a program called the Biblioteca Ambulantes, or Traveling Libraries. I argue that Appella’s writing is multidirectional and nonlinear, two significant characteristics of Jewish writing that necessitate greater attention to the flow of ideas and people across borders in the Western hemisphere, such as between the United States and Argentina, as well as across the Atlantic, such as in contact with Eastern Europe or Israel. Moreover, this multidirectionality draws in “communities of response” in Argentina, even students in a largely Catholic and/or indigenous society who may have previously known little or nothing about Jewish history or the Holocaust. Thinking with the concept of “communities of response” (Davis 1997), my article means to draw attention to the many possibilities for resonance or meaning, which go beyond simple and perhaps misguided assumptions that attempt to fix the Jewishness of Appella or her writing.
Collaborative Governance and Hoax Politics in The Era of Covid-19 in Makassar City
Authors: Hardi Rudi , Hawing Hardianto
Published: April 2022

The spread of political hoaxes is quite massive and fast. As the coming political year approaches, inter-community friction may occur due to the spread of hoax news and can cause anxiety, hatred, and hostility in society. As a result, if it continues and is not controlled, it will result in conflicts between individuals and different groups. This study aims to find a Collaborative Governance model to prevent the spread of political hoaxes. This study uses a qualitative approach to reveal the forms and types of hoaxes on social media and reveal hidden values. The data collection method used focused observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show, namely: Frist, a political hoax is a form of Cyber Crime that seems simple easy to do but has a significant impact on people's social life. Second, types of political hoaxes, including, namely Satire or Parody, Misleading Content, Counterfeit Content, Fake Content, Wrong Connections, False content, and manipulated content. The strategy for dealing with political hoaxes is the movement to educate the public to be more critical in politics. The government must be supported by elements of education, independent state institutions, and other social institutions. The political literacy movement is a comprehensive effort that involves all parties and elements intensely and continuously in the fight against lies. Apart from values and norms, legal, social, and religious instruments must be included there. Political hoax must be considered a social disaster in the political space.