bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Third-Party-Tracking bei Wiley und Springer
Authors: Freiberg Michael
Published: May 2022

Die großen internationalen Wissenschaftsverlage sind wegen des Trackings auf ihren Webseiten zunehmend in Kritik geraten. Ihnen wird vorgeworfen, persönliche Daten über Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler und deren Aktivitäten im Netz zu sammeln, um diese zu monetarisieren. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, welche Tracking-Mechanismen in den Online-Angeboten von Springer Nature und Wiley eingesetzt werden, wie sie sich über den Browser unterbinden lassen und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für wissenschaftliche Infrastruktureinrichtungen ergeben können.
Auf dem Weg der digitalen Transformation: Neubau der Bibliothek des Leibniz-Instituts für Bildungsmedien | Georg-Eckert-Institut (GEI)
Authors: Hertling Anke
Published: May 2022

Die Zielgruppe der Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler findet in den Auseinandersetzungen um neue Konzepte im Bibliotheksbau bislang kaum Berücksichtigung. Für die neue Bibliothek des Leibniz-Instituts für Bildungsmedien (GEI) lag es deshalb nahe, ihre engen Kontakte zur Forschung zu nutzen und ihre Community in die Planungen mit einzubeziehen. Neben den ermittelten Bedarfen für ein hybrides und zunehmend kollaboratives Arbeiten war das Interesse am GEI groß, sich über Forschungsräume der Zukunft auszutauschen und sich vom Primat des Digitalen sowie von Pop-up Stores und Labs inspirieren zu lassen.
On the characterization of rational homotopy types and Chern classes of closed almost complex manifolds
Authors: Milivojević Aleksandar
Published: May 2022

We give an exposition of Sullivan’s theorem on realizing rational homotopy types by closed smooth manifolds, including a discussion of the necessary rational homotopy and surgery theory, adapted to the realization problem for almost complex manifolds: namely, we give a characterization of the possible simply connected rational homotopy types, along with a choice of rational Chern classes and fundamental class, realized by simply connected closed almost complex manifolds in real dimensions six and greater. As a consequence, beyond demonstrating that rational homotopy types of closed almost complex manifolds are plenty, we observe that the realizability of a simply connected rational homotopy type by a simply connected closed almost complex manifold depends only on its cohomology ring. We conclude with some computations and examples.
The effect of resistance training on serum levels of sex hormones and sperm quality in male rats under X-ray radiation
Authors: Bayatiani Mohammadreza , Seif Fatemeh , Molavi Shiva , Ansari Zahra , Parastesh Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The present study aims to investigate the effects of resistance training on sex hormones and sperm parameters in male rats under X-ray.

Methods

In this experimental study, 24 Sprague Dawley rats (200–250 g) were randomly assigned into four groups: healthy control, irradiated control, healthy training and irradiated training. Irradiation was induced at a dose of 4 Gy on the whole body. The resistance training protocol was performed for 10 weeks. Finally, blood serum was used to assess FSH, LH and testosterone and sperm quality. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.

Results

The results showed that radiation significantly reduced serum levels of LH (p=0.42), FSH (p=0.001) and testosterone (p=0.28) between radiation control and healthy control groups. Also, no significant difference was observed between serum levels of LH (p=0.135) and testosterone (p=0.419) in radiation resistance training and the healthy control groups. In addition, significant differences were observed between radiation resistance training and radiation control groups in sperm parameters such as sperm count (p=0.02) and progressively motile sperm (p=0.031).

Conclusions

It seems that short-term resistance training can improve sperm parameters, including sperm count and sperm motility through increasing serum levels testosterone and LH in male rat under X-ray.
Causal inference with imperfect instrumental variables
Authors: Miklin Nikolai , Gachechiladze Mariami , Moreno George , Chaves Rafael
Published: May 2022

Instrumental variables allow for quantification of cause and effect relationships even in the absence of interventions. To achieve this, a number of causal assumptions must be met, the most important of which is the independence assumption, which states that the instrument and any confounding factor must be independent. However, if this independence condition is not met, can we still work with imperfect instrumental variables? Imperfect instruments can manifest themselves by violations of the instrumental inequalities that constrain the set of correlations in the scenario. In this article, we establish a quantitative relationship between such violations of instrumental inequalities and the minimal amount of measurement dependence required to explain them for the case of discrete observed variables. As a result, we provide adapted inequalities that are valid in the presence of a relaxed measurement dependence assumption in the instrumental scenario. This allows for the adaptation of existing and new lower bounds on the average causal effect for instrumental scenarios with binary outcomes. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of quantum mechanics.
Response of small mammal species to landscape metrics in a highly fragmented area in the Atlantic forest of southern Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Daniele Pereira , Konzen Maurício Quoos , Decian Vanderlei Secretti , Hartmann Marilia , Galiano Daniel , Hartmann Paulo Afonso
Published: May 2022

The high rate of destruction of natural habitats has diminished fragments size, which negatively impacts small mammal community species richness and composition. We investigated the abundance of small non-flying mammal species in association with three landscape metrics: the size of the fragment (AREA); the shape index of the fragment (SHAPE); and the size of the central area of the fragment (CORE) in six forest fragments in a highly fragmented landscape of southern Brazil. Three rodent species (Akodon montensis, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Sooretamys angouya) and one marsupial species (Gracilinanus microtarsus) were captured in total. We used generalized linear models to test the influence of the landscape metrics on the abundance of the three most abundant species of small mammals captured (A. montensis, O. nigripes and S. angouya). Among the three species analyzed, A. montensis presented a significant negative association with the metric CORE; O. nigripes and S. angouya presented a positive association with the metric AREA and negative with the metric CORE. The negative association of A. montensis, O. nigripes and S. angouya with the core area of the fragments, and the absence of association of all species with the shape of the fragments indicate that these species might benefit from the effects of habitat fragmentation.
Die Eucharistie als Sakrament der Einheit
Authors: Heckel Ulrich
Published: May 2022

Analog zur wechselseitigen Anerkennung der Taufe in der Magdeburger Erklärung beabsichtigt das Votum „Gemeinsam am Tisch des Herrn“ eine gegenseitige Einladung zur Mahlfeier. Im Johannesevangelium ist das Eins-Sein (17,11.21–23) bedroht durch den Konflikt mit Dieb, Räuber und Wolf (Joh 10,1.8.12) als Verkörperung der Antichristen (1Joh 2,18 f.22), die als Doketen leugnen, dass Christus im Fleisch gekommen ist (1Joh 4,2 f; 2Joh 7). Angesichts dieser Spaltung (Joh 6,60 f) wird die Teilnahme an der Eucharistie zum Testfall für das Bekenntnis zur Inkarnation (1Joh 4,2; Joh 1,14): „Wer mein Fleisch isst und trinkt mein Blut, der bleibt in mir und ich in ihm“ (6,56). Die Eucharistie ist das Sakrament der Einheit, durch das die Kirche eins wird und bleibt mit dem einen Hirten (10,16). Besteht in diesem Glauben Einigkeit, gibt es keinen Grund, die Einladung zur Eucharistie zu verwehren.
Asymptotic analysis of hepatitis B epidemic model using Caputo Fabrizio fractional operator
Authors: Cui Ting , Liu Peijiang , Din Anwarud
Published: May 2022

A mathematical model representing the temporal dynamics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is discussed in this research work. This is based on the asymptomatic carriers and symptomatic individuals keeping in view the characteristics of the disease. We also incorporate the vaccination parameter to vaccinate susceptible individuals. Moreover, we use fractional calculus to extend the model to its associated fractional-order. For this, we particularly use the fractional operator of the Caputo-Fabrizio type to fractionalize the proposed model. First, the model formulation has been derived in classic order and then extended to its associated fractional-order version for generalization. The model equilibria was calculated, and the basic reproductive number was found. Then we will discuss the existence with properties of the uniqueness of the proposed fractional version of the model that is under consideration. The positivity with boundedness is shown to investigate that the considered model is feasible biologically as well as mathematically. Finally, we use the Mittag–Leffler approach to visualize the model of fractional-order and to support the results carried out in the theocratical part. We also demonstrate the solution curves for different values of the fractional parameter to differentiate between integer-order and fractional-order on the disease transmission.
Die Logik der Ambiguität – ein Überblick
Authors: Diergarten Pia
Published: May 2022

Im Beitrag wird der Logik der Ambiguität in zwei Anläufen nachgegangen. Zuerst wird in dem Versuch der Herstellung einer systematischen Ordnung beschrieben, aus welchen disziplinären Perspektiven Ambiguität heute in den Blick kommt und wie sie im Laufe ihrer Geschichte, d. h. der dokumentierten Begriffsgeschichte, thematisiert wurde: als zu vermeidender Ausnahmefall, als unumgänglicher Normalfall oder als anzustrebender Glücksfall. Danach wird aus vorwiegend philosophiehistorischer Perspektive die Logik der Ambiguität anhand ihrer beiden Momente ‚Möglichkeit‘ und ‚Pluralität‘ vor dem Hintergrund der Postmodernephilosophie Zygmunt Baumans und Jean-François Lyotards skizziert.
Ambiguitätstoleranz – eine Dimension religionspädagogischer Hermeneutik?
Authors: Meyer-Blanck Michael
Published: May 2022

In dem Artikel wird die in letzter Zeit vermehrt diskutierte Kategorie der „Ambiguitätstoleranz“ als ein wichtiger Aspekt der Theorie und Praxis des religiösen Lernens erläutert. Dabei wird zunächst gezeigt, dass die Theorie des religiösen Lernens eine Form von Hermeneutik ist: Es geht dabei um das Verstehen des Selbst, um das Verstehen von Religion und das Verstehen religiöser Bildung und Entwicklung. Die religionsbezogene Hermeneutik wird religiöse Gegenstände und Menschen als grundsätzlich mehrdeutig („ambiguitär“) zeigen und so zu Toleranz gegenüber der Vielfalt und inneren Mehrdeutigkeit des Religiösen befähigen. Die Mehrdeutigkeit bezieht sich dabei auch auf den Kern des eigenen Glaubens, im Falle des Christentums auf die Aussagen über Gott, den Vater Jesu Christi und die Auferstehung der Toten.
In patients with anorexia nervosa, myokine levels are altered but are not associated with bone mineral density loss and bone turnover alteration
Authors: Maïmoun Laurent , Mariano-Goulart Denis , Huguet Helena , Renard Eric , Lefebvre Patrick , Picot Marie-Christine , Dupuy Anne-Marie , Cristol Jean-Paul , Courtet Philippe , Boudousq Vincent , Avignon Antoine , Guillaume Sébastien , Sultan Ariane
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The two-fold aim of this study was: (i) to determine the effects of undernutrition on the myokines in patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) and (ii) to examine the potential link between myokines and bone parameters.

Methods

In this study, 42 young women with restrictive AN and 42 age-matched controls (CON) (mean age, 18.5 ± 4.2 years and 18.6 ± 4.2 years, respectively) were enrolled. aBMD and body composition were determined with DXA. Resting energy expenditure (REEm), a marker of energy status, was indirectly assessed by calorimetry. Bone turnover markers and myokines (follistatin, myostatin and irisin) were concomitantly evaluated.

Results

AN patients presented low aBMD at all bone sites. REEm, bone formation markers, myostatin and IGF-1 were significantly lower, whereas the bone resorption marker and follistatin were higher in AN compared with controls. No difference was observed between groups for irisin levels. When the whole population was studied, among myokines, only myostatin was positively correlated with aBMD at all bone sites. However, multiple regression analyses showed that in the AN group, the independent variables for aBMD were principally amenorrhoea duration, lean tissue mass (LTM) and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP). For CON, the independent variables for aBMD were principally LTM, age and PINP. Whatever the group analysed, none of the myokines appeared as explicative independent variables of aBMD.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that despite the altered myokine levels in patients with AN, their direct effect on aBMD loss and bone turnover alteration seems limited in comparison with other well-known disease-related factors such as oestrogen deprivation.
Hypertonic saline for severe symptomatic hyponatraemia: real-world findings from the UK
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Fahad , Iqbal Ahmed , Weeks James , Fonseca Ines , Munir Alia , Bennet William
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate ‘real-world’ safety and efficacy of the European Society of Endocrinology guidelines for the treatment of severe symptomatic hyponatraemia using hypertonic saline (HTS).

Design

Retrospective, observational, cohort study, examining the use of HTS for severe symptomatic hyponatraemia at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals between 2017 and 2020.

Methods

Patients were identified from pharmacy records and demographic, clinical, and treatment data extracted.

Results

Out of 112 patients (females:males = 61:51), the mean age ± s.d. was 66.3± 16.0 years and mean pre-treatment serum sodium ± s.d. was 113.8 ± 6.4 mmol/L. Overall, overcorrection rates at 24 and 48 h (>10 and >18 mmol/L) were 44.9 and 19.6%, respectively, while 19.6% of patients were treated for overcorrection. Above-target rise in sodium (>5 mmol/L) after first and second boluses was noted in 22.6 and 34.6% of patients, respectively. In-hospital and 12-month mortality was 7.1 and 18.7%, respectively, with no cases of osmotic demyelination. The mean venous blood gas (VBG) sodium was 1.9 mmol/L lower than paired serum sodium (n  = 36) (113.6 ± 6.6 vs 115.7 ± 7.8 mmol/L).

Conclusion

We report real-world data demonstrating that a significant number of patients overcorrected using current guidelines. Also, several patients had above-target rise in sodium after one bolus of HTS, and sodium measurement should be considered before the second bolus unless ongoing severe symptoms persist. A point of care VBG sodium concentration was useful for this purpose. In addition to careful monitoring, a cautious but anticipatory overcorrection prevention strategy should be considered in the first 24 h.
Inheritance of a common androgen synthesis variant allele is associated with female COVID susceptibility in UK Biobank
Authors: McManus Jeffrey M , Sabharwal Navin , Bazeley Peter , Sharifi Nima
Published: May 2022

Context

A sex discordance in COVID exists, with males disproportionately affected. Although sex steroids may play a role in this discordance, no definitive genetic data exist to support androgen-mediated immune suppression neither for viral susceptibility nor for adrenally produced androgens.

Objective

The common adrenal-permissive missense-encoding variant HSD3B1(1245C) that enables androgen synthesis from adrenal precursors and that has been linked to suppression of inflammation in severe asthma was investigated in COVID susceptibility and outcomes reported in the UK Biobank.

Methods

The UK Biobank is a long-term study with detailed medical information and health outcomes for over 500 000 genotyped individuals. We obtained COVID test results, inpatient hospital records, and death records and tested for associations between COVID susceptibility or outcomes and HSD3B1(1245A/C) genotype. Primary analyses were performed on the UK Biobank Caucasian cohort. The outcomes were identification as a COVID case among all subjects, COVID positivity among COVID-tested subjects, and mortality among subjects identified as COVID cases.

Results

Adrenal-permissive HSD3B1(1245C) genotype was associated with identification as a COVID case (odds ratio (OR): 1.11 per C allele, 95% CI: 1.04–1.18, P  = 0.0013) and COVID-test positivity (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17, P  = 0.011) in older (≥70 years of age) women. In women identified as COVID cases, there was a positive linear relationship between age and 1245C allele frequency (P  < 0.0001). No associations were found between genotype and mortality or between genotype and circulating sex hormone levels.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that a common androgen synthesis variant regulates immune susceptibility to COVID infection in women, with increasingly strong effects as women age.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 caused by mosaic mutation: clinical follow-up and genetic counseling?
Authors: Coppin Lucie , Giraud Sophie , Pasmant Eric , Lagarde Arnaud , North Marie-Odile , Le-Collen Lauriane , Aubert Valérie , Mougel Grégory , Ladsous Miriam , Louboutin Alyzée , Brixi Hedia , Haissaguerre Magalie , Scheyer Nicolas , Klein Marc , Tabarin Antoine , Delemer Brigitte , Barlier Anne , Odou Marie-Françoise , Romanet Pauline
Published: May 2022

MEN1 is an autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome characterized by several endocrine tumors, in most cases affecting the parathyroid glands, pancreas, and anterior pituitary. It is the result of inactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1. More than 1300 different mutations have been identified in this gene. Mosaic MEN1 mutations have been previously described in only a few patients in the literature. In this paper, we provide a review of six cases of MEN1 mosaicism reported in the literature supplemented with six additional cases described by the French TENgen network of laboratories. This review highlights that (i) MEN1 mosaicism is not associated with a mild phenotype and results in the same natural history as heterozygous MEN1 mutation and (ii) that more systematic detection of MEN1 mosaic mutation enables improvements in both patient monitoring and genetic counseling.
Expression and clinical significance of VISTA and PD-L1 in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Ziwei , Li Menglian , Wang Jianjun , Liu Mengsi , Chen Huan , Lou Yuan , Wang Yijie , Sun Qi , Zhu Dalong , Li Ping , Bi Yan
Published: May 2022

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis and challenging management. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) in ACC and their associations with clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 54 ACC patients. Chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests or independent samples t/Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to assess correlations between immunoscores and clinicopathological parameters. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression were conducted for survival analysis and to identify independent predictors of overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival. Results showed that VISTA was expressed in tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in 81.5% (44/54) and 40.7% (22/54) of the patients, respectively. PD-L1 positivity was found in either TCs or TICs in 11.1% (6/54) of the patients. Patients with positive VISTA expression in TCs had a higher tumor stage (56.9% vs 20%, P  = 0.036) and Ki-67 index (30.50 ± 23.51% vs 14.76 ± 11.75%, P  = 0.006). However, PD-L1 positivity in either TCs or TICs had no association with patient clinicopathological features. A higher VISTA expression intensity, a larger area and a higher immunoscore were associated with increased risks of disease progression and overall mortality, but PD-L1 expression in TCs or TICs was not associated with OS or DFS. In conclusion, positive TC VISTA expression was correlated with pathological parameters related to malignancy in ACC patients. This finding provides novel evidence of the value of VISTA, in addition to PD-L1, as an immunotherapeutic target in ACC.
Diagnostic performance of next-generation sequencing and genetic profiling in thyroid nodules from a single center in China
Authors: Ren Min , Yao Qianlan , Bao Longlong , Wang Zhiting , Wei Ran , Bai Qianming , Ping Bo , Chang Cai , Wang Yu , Zhou Xiaoyan , Zhu Xiaoli
Published: May 2022

Objective

The data regarding the mutation landscape in Chinese patients with thyroid cancer are limited. The diagnostic performance of thyroid nodules by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology needs optimization, especially in indeterminate nodules.

Methods

A total of 1039 FNA and surgical resection samples tested using the targeted multigene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel were retrospectively collected. The features of gene alterations in different thyroid tumors were analyzed, and the diagnostic efficacy was evaluated.

Results

Among 1039 samples, there were 822 FNA and 217 surgical FFPE samples. Among 207 malignant thyroid resections, a total of 181 out of 193 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) were NGS-positive (93.8%), with a high prevalence of BRAF mutations (81.9%, 158/193) and a low prevalence of RAS (1.0%, 2/193) and TERT promoter mutations (3.6%, 7/193). Gene fusions, involving the RET and NTRK3 genes, were present in 20 PTCs (10.4%) and mutually exclusive with other driver mutations. Two of three follicular thyroid carcinomas harbored multiple mutations. RET gene point mutations were common in medullary thyroid carcinoma (8/11, 72.7%). The combination of cytology and DNA–RNA-based NGS analysis demonstrated superior diagnostic value (98.0%) in FNA samples. For indeterminate thyroid nodules, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of NGS testing were 79.2 (38/48) and 80.0% (8/10), respectively. Two mutation-positive benign cases harbored NRAS and TSHR mutations, respectively.

Conclusions

Our study revealed the distinct molecular profile of thyroid tumors in the Chinese population. The combination of NGS testing and FNA cytology could facilitate the accurate diagnosis of thyroid nodules, especially for indeterminate nodules.
SPERM FACTORS AND EGG ACTIVATION: The structure and function relationship of sperm PLCZ1
Authors: Thanassoulas Angelos , Swann Karl , Lai F Anthony , Nomikos Michail
Published: May 2022

In 2002, sperm-specific phospholipase C zeta1 (PLCZ1) was discovered and through these 20 years, it has been established as the predominant sperm oocyte-activating factor. PLCZ1 cRNA expression or direct protein microinjection into mammalian oocytes triggers calcium (Ca2+) oscillations indistinguishable from those observed at fertilization. The imperative role of PLCZ1 in oocyte activation is revealed by the vast number of human mutations throughout the PLCZ1 gene that have been identified and directly linked with certain forms of male infertility due to oocyte activation deficiency. PLCZ1 is the smallest PLC in size, comprising four N-terminal EF-hand domains, followed by X and Y catalytic domains, which are separated by the XY-linker, and ending with a C-terminal C2 domain. The EF hands are responsible for the high Ca2+ sensitivity of PLCZ1. The X and Y catalytic domains are responsible for the catalysis of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] substrate to produce the Ca2+-mobilising messenger, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), while the XY-linker plays multiple roles in the unique mode of PLCZ1 action. Finally, the C2 domain has been proposed to facilitate the anchoring of PLCZ1 to intracellular vesicles through its direct interactions with specific phosphoinositides. This review discusses recent advances in the structure and function relationship of PLCZ1 and the potential binding partners of this important sperm-specific protein in the sperm and oocyte. The unravelling of all the remaining hidden secrets of sperm PLCZ1 should help us to understand the precise mechanism of fertilization, as well as enabling the diagnosis and treatment of currently unknown forms of PLCZ1 -linked human infertility.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА НА ОСНОВІ ОЦІНКИ РЕСТРУКТУРИЗАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ
Authors: Ларіонова К. , Синюк О. , Донченко Т. , Капінос Г.
Published: May 2022

Вступ. Реалізація інноваційної реструктуризації підприємств дозволить досягти позитивних результатів у фінансово-економічному становищі, зростанні питомої ваги наукомісткої конкурентоспроможної інноваційної продукції та інтелектуальних послуг промисловості, що має посилити конкурентоспроможність продукції. Розробка нових механізмів інноваційної реструктуризації підприємств набуває особливої актуальності.Проблематика. Практично не дослідженими залишаються питання визначення та встановлення ролі, складу та основних критеріїв об’єктивної комплексної оцінки реструктуризаційного потенціалу для обґрунтування доцільності проведення інноваційної реструктуризації на підприємстві.Мета. Розробити методичний підхід до оцінки реструктуризаційного потенціалу підприємства, використання якого дозволить комплексно узагальнити отримані результати та прийняти оптимальні управлінські рішення.Матеріали й методи. Застосовано методичний підхід для розрахунку інтегрального показника за допомогою індексного та експертного методів оцінки та інтерпретації його величини лінгвістичними характеристиками шкали рівнів реструктуризаційного потенціалу.Результати. Удосконалено науково-методичний інструментарій оцінки реструктуризаційного потенціалу промислового підприємства, який ґрунтується на обчисленні системи локальних показників, сформованої з урахуванням функціональних складових реструктуризаційного потенціалу. Впровадження системи спостереження за локальними, комплексними показниками і загальним рівнем реструктуризаційного потенціалу дозволило розробити єдинийдля кожної групи підприємств алгоритм вибору відповідного виду реструктуризації та обрати відповідну стратегію розвитку.Висновки. Сформовано систему індикаторів і здійснено моделювання розроблених інтегральних показників реструктуризаційного потенціалу підприємства. Запропоновано методичний підхід щодо вибору стратегії розвитку підприємства для впровадження інноваційної реструктуризації залежно від рівня реструктуризаційного потенціалу.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФАЗОВИХ РІВНОВАГ В СИСТЕМІ MnO-SiO2 МЕТОДОМ ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЛЬНО-СКАНУЮЧОЇ КАЛОРИМЕТРІЇ (ДСК)
Authors: Пройдак Ю. , Гладких В. , Рубан А.
Published: May 2022

Вступ. Під час виплавки марганцевих феросплавів важливе значення має формування раціонального складу шлакового розплаву. Шлаки марганцевих феросплавів на 70—90 % представлені оксидами марганцю та кремнію. Відомості про фазові рівноваги в системі MnO–SiO2 є вагомим показником для розробки нових і вдосконаленні діючих процесів збагачення та огрудкування марганцевої сировини, отримання марганцевих феросплавів, а також виплавки електросталі з підвищеним вмістом марганцю.Проблематика. Аналіз наведених в літературі даних стосовно діаграми рівноважного стану системи MnO–SiO2 показав різницю температур евтектичного й перитектичного плавлення та принципову розбіжність у характері плавлення. На діаграмі відсутні дані щодо поліморфного перетворення родоніту.Мета. Вивчення поведінки орто- і метасилікату марганцю, а також евтектики між ними для уточнення будови діаграми рівноважного стану системи MnO–SiO2 .Матеріали та методи. Методом ДСК визначено температури фазових перетворень, плавлення й кристалізації зразків, що відповідають за складом родоніту (MnSiO3), тефроіту з родонітом (Mn2SiO4 + MnSiO3) та евтектиці, розташованої між ними.Результати. Уточнено температури конгруентного плавлення тефроіта, солідус і ліквідус інконгруентного плавлення родоніту. Вперше експериментально визначено температуру поліморфного перетворення родоніту при фазовому переході γ-MnSiO3 ↔ β-MnSiO3 , що супроводжується зміною об’єму до 2 %. Це дозволило нанести на діаграмустану системи MnO–SiO2 горизонтальну лінію поліморфного перетворення.Висновки. Отримані дані про рівноважний стан системи MnO—SiO2 розширюють уявлення про будову шлакових систем, що дозволяє: оптимізувати процес охолодження під час виробництва марганцевого агломерату, раціонально підібрати шлаковий режим плавки при виробництві феросилікомарганцю, скорегувати процес загущення шлаку після випуску продуктів плавки, обґрунтувати режим кристалізації шлаку при виробництві шлаколитих виробів.
Editorial
Authors: Carey Lindsay B
Published: May 2022

Four topic areas are covered in this issue of Health and Social Care Chaplaincy: (i) healthcare chaplaincy, spiritual care and disability, (ii) COVID-19, (iii) deuterocanonical considerations of the “Angel Raphael” and (iv) the artwork of Rembrandt.
Evolutional Legal System of Vocabulary: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Golev Nikolay , Irkova Anna ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: May 2022

The article discloses the issue of gradual terminological formation of national vocabulary in legal documents. The material for the study was the words and phrases from Article 152 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation "Protection of the honor, dignity and business reputation of citizens". The investigation of national vocabulary units has enabled to prove that though being incorporated into latest Russian legal texts, they are still deprived of pure terminological status. Having discovered the lack of vocabulary homogeneity, the authors singled out the degrees of legal-term applicability for the texts under study and introduced authentic typology, distinguishing the range of items from national language bulk to special judicial terms. Thus, legal terms are both specialized linguistic units and language units that preserve in their genetic code its national properties: polysemy, variability and potential dynamics, irreducibility to one single meaning. The study shows that legal-term applicability terminology correlates with the stages of evolution in national vocabulary. This assumption is exemplified by the analysis of the words with the same root morpheme chest-with the focus on their semantic development. The synchronous study of legal-term applicability requires elaboration of the method of legal text continuous sampling, which is of applied value for linguistic expertise of judicial texts.
Syncretism As a Science Fiction Text’s “Dimension”: Experience of Systemic Description
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Schirova Irina , Sergaeva Yulia ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: May 2022

The complex phenomenon of syncretism has been a subject of close academic scrutiny in various aspects of humanities, social and natural sciences. In this paper, the study of syncretic features of science fiction texts fits into broader sociocultural context and relates to increasing complexity of modern reality, science and fiction. Understanding a fictional text as a complex and multidimensional integral whole, the authors consider syncretism a typologically marked textual "dimension", produced by a complex system of interrelated and interactive heterogeneous characteristics, fused into a textual whole to realize the author's intention. To confirm the hypothesis, the authors explore the syncretic science fiction texts of the 20 th – 21 st centuries which create a unique fictional world to produce a blended model of the traditionally opposed ways of human cognition: rational and emotional. The authors give a brief overview of the specifics of understanding syncretism in different scientific disciplines; offer the definition of syncretism and the methodology of its description; distinguish three types of syncretism (syncretism of reality, of intention, and of language data); analyze heterogeneous textual characteristics as systemic manifestations of syncretism at different levels of textual organization: subject-and-thematic, lexical-and-semantic, and structural-and-syntactic. The mechanism of creating a syncretic text is connected with the deautomatization of a reader's perception and with higher cognitive activity of the interpreter.
Concept “Druzhba” (“Friendship”) in Dialect Speech of the Middle Ob Area
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Zemicheva Svetlana , Vasil'chenko Anna ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: May 2022

The work is based on records of dialect speech (the territory of Tomsk and Kemerovo regions). The reliability of the research is provided by the amount of speech samples (more than 600 contexts were analyzed). The novelty of the work is due to the appeal to the study of dialectal discourse as a phenomenon which includes literary and non-literary units and has specific extralinguistic parameters. The main research tool is the electronic corpus of dialect texts created by the authors of the article. In the course of the study, dialect units that were absent in published dictionaries were identified. It was found that friendship relations in dialectal discourse are most often associated with the following parameters: territorial community, participation in rituals, leisure, joint work, military service/participation in a war, home visits and refreshments. The specificity in comparison with representatives of urban culture consists in the prevalence of the parameter of territorial community over the others, the weak representation of the component "school friends", as well as in the fact that the component "mate" is not actualized. The influence of discursive parameters on the representation of the concept is revealed. Thus, a significant number of nominations for women's friendship is explained by the gender of the informants, and the weak representation of the conceptual component "conflict"– by the conditions of recording materials on the expedition. In the figurative layer of the concept "druzhba" ("friendship") in the dialect, semantic transfer from the sphere "Family" prevails, which also reflects the specifics of traditional culture. The value layer of the concept in the dialect includes ideal representations related to the past and opposed to the present. The described ideal of friendship presupposes mutual assistance, trust, openness, which corresponds to general Russian ideas.
Case Systems of Turkic Languages of Southern Siberia (Comparison with Geometric Modeling)
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Valentinova Olga , Rybakov Mikhail ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Published: May 2022

The subject of the article is a comparison of the case systems of the agglutinative Turkic languages of Southern Siberia with the aim to establish their typological commonality and differences. The method of case systems geometric modeling allows us to clearly demonstrate the semantic oppositions of case forms in a selected language and compare differences in the semantic structure of case systems of both related and non-related languages. The main result of the study is the establishment of a direct relationship between the case category, the language morphological type and the canonical structure of a typical utterance in each language and an indirect relationship with the typical conditions of communication in a language community. The study showed that the case systems of the considered languages contain the optimal composition of paradigm elements in the communicative conditions typical for agglutinative languages. Speakers of agglutinative languages have common generic and individual images, and in a particular situation, communicants are aware of the subjects and objects mentioned in the utterance, which allows using case forms to express not only the main actant roles, but also additional components of grammatical meanings. The results obtained can be used primarily in systemic typology, as well as in Turkic studies.
Word-Formation Potential of the Noun Corona in the German Substantive COVID-Pandemic Vocabulary
Authors:   Udmurt State University, Yushkova Lyudmila
Published: May 2022

This article examines the word-formation capacity of the noun base Corona, the core of the lexical-semantic field Coronavirus pandemic in modern German. It highlights the word-formation dynamics in the bulk of German nouns that are built with the noun stem Corona and are united in a thematic group. About 250 lexemes served as research material. Information on their usage was collected by examining the content presented in lexicographical editions, German news publications, on websites and social networks. The word-formation models of nouns that are currently productive in the German pandemic discourse were identified, with compounding defined as the dominant method of constructing neologisms in the German language. Among productive models the compounds with the noun stem Corona- were singled out; their word building meaning was characterized according to degrees of morpho-semantic motivation. The degree of word-formation activity of the models and affixes, which are productive in the lexical field under analyzes, was determined. Specificity of the usage and frequency level were distinguished; the lexemes that are formed after synonymous models showed semantic and functional differences. It is concluded that word formation of substantives in the time of coronavirus pandemic demonstrates the enhancement of the activity of peripheral word-formation models, in particular, paronomastic pattern.
Nominating Representatives of the Negroid Race in the English and Russian Languages: Lexicographic and Discursive Aspects
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Samokhin Ivan , Nikashina Natalya ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Stanchulyak Tatyana ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the semantic and stylistic status of the English language words and word combinations nominating a representative of the Negroid race. The authors also searched for functional analogs of these designations in the modern Russian language. The research is based on the English-language and Russian-language explanatory dictionaries. The decision to study this semantic group is due to its direct relation to the first politically correct euphemisms. The relevance of the work is associated with researchers' increased interest in politically correct vocabulary and insufficient attention to the specifics of its use in scientific discourse. The authors attempt to provide a preliminary classification of lexical units with regard to the scientific discourse, considering their presence or absence in the selected explanatory dictionaries, as well as stylistic notes and comments. It is recommended to assign each studied designation to one of three categories in view of its supposed compatibility with the scientific discourse: 1) lexical units that can be used as common words and word combinations; 2) lexical units which need to be clarified or justified within the given work; 3) lexical units not recommended for such texts. Further research assumes a more detailed justification and possible refinement of the presented classification within a separate scientific paper.
Smart Grid: Monitoring the Quality of Electric Power
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Bezbozhnov Oleg , Chadaev Denis ,   Volgograd State University
Published: May 2022

The issues of monitoring the normalized parameters of electricity, in smart grid networks, as a means of ensuring control of the quality of electricity, are considered. In the context of constantly growing consumption of electrical energy, the most important task is its rational distribution and use. State-of-the-art prototypes of intelligent power distribution networks include means of controlling power distribution and consumption processes to ensure that these processes comply with applicable regulations. The purpose of our study is to create a monitoring device for normalized power quality parameters, such as voltage, signal shape, harmonic coefficient, with the possibility of detecting deviations of these parameters from the norm, with the possibility of transmitting the results obtained via infocommunication networks. The developed device allows collecting, analyzing and transmitting data on power quality indicators in the distribution electrical network, with their further use in order to manage energy supply and energy consumption in smart power supply systems, and improve the energy efficiency of power supply systems through the introduction of smart grid technologies. The device can be integrated into energy systems based on the smart grid concept, which are a single energy-information complex, as part of a situation assessment system and emergency automation.
Neurocryptographic Information Protection
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Nikishova Arina , Glybina Ekaterina ,   Volgograd Branch of the Moscow State University of Humanities and Economics, Umnitsyn Mikhail ,   EC Regional Systems
Published: May 2022

Along with the rapid development of digital communication technologies, which allowed to transmit messages in different forms over the network, the need to protect transmitted data from access by third parties has increased. One of the main ways to protect data is encryption. The main reason for encryption is that users must be aware of encryption methods and keys, without which information is meaningless in the form of symbols. As the efficiency of cryptanalysis methods has increased with computational performance, there has been a need for more sophisticated approaches to encryption. In particular, the use of such a promising approach as neural networks for data encryption – neurocryptography. Due to the fact that the increased power of technological tools continues to grow, today’s neural networks have been used in practice. Any encryption algorithm is based on generating different variants of a distorted code that can be recognized or reconstructed by a neural network with specified characteristics, and includes the following stages: preliminary, performing preliminary data processing and formation of a training sample; formation of a neural network, including training; and the main one, performing encryption or decryption. The article deals with the issue of increasing the efficiency of data protection by means of neurocryptography. Improving efficiency is achieved by selecting a group of cryptographic primitives, the implementation of which in the form of a neural network is the most effective. Efficiency in this case means the ratio of data encryption speed to the time of formation of the neural network.
Exploring educators’ experiences of the social functioning of learners in middle childhood
Authors: Beets Soretha , Van Schalkwyk Izanette , Kirsten Doret K
Published: May 2022

In the research reported on here we explored educators’ experiences of learners’ social functioning in middle childhood in a South African context. Educators are important socialisation agents for learners in middle childhood, and we reasoned that they could offer valuable information to identify those key social skills and competencies that learners in this life phase need to function optimally. A qualitative exploratory design was used. Twenty-nine educators were purposefully selected as participants from 4 school districts in a demarcated area in the North-West province. Data were collected via 4 focus group interviews, with each focus group interview including the educators of 1 school per district. Thematic analysis of the data revealed the embeddedness of learners’ social functioning in the complex blend of South Africa’s unequal contexts and diverse cultures; the demonstration of inappropriate and appropriate behaviour as indicators of learners’ quality of social functioning in the learning environment; and the imperative to intentionally develop and strengthen the social skills and emotional competencies of learners in middle childhood. We recommend that learners in middle childhood be supported to acquire higher levels of social competence, in particular skills of communication and listening, conflict management, and problem-solving to improve innate social functioning.
Learners’ perspectives on school safety in Johannesburg
Authors: Hochfeld Tessa , Schmid Jeanette , Errington Sheri , Omar Shaheda
Published: May 2022

In this article we report on a South African study conducted with 1,779 learners aged 11 to 18 years from 8 schools in urban areas in and around Johannesburg. These learners’ perspectives on school safety confirm that South African learners experience their schools as unsafe. Their primary concerns related to coercion and violence against learners by peers or teachers on school grounds, although they regarded the physical school environment and domestic and community conditions as impacting school safety. To address safety concerns, learners desired the punishment of offenders and greater involvement and accountability of adults. We recommend an urgent whole-school intervention using a critical gender lens.
Modelos populacionais matriciais (MPMs) aplicados à ecologia: um guia gentil à teoria e prática
Authors: Santos Gabriel Silva , Kajin Maja
Published: May 2022

Representar matematicamente os ciclos de vidas dos organismos a partir de modelos matriciais (MPMs) tem sido uma ferramenta poderosa para as mais diversas questões ecológicas e evolutivas. Apesar de ser uma ferramenta essencial nos estudos demográficos, os MPMs continuam sendo subutilizados. Uma explicação potencial para a subutilização dos modelos matriciais pode ser o pouco encorajamento de estudantes ou jovens pesquisadores para explorar suas potencialidades. MPMs geralmente não estão presentes nos livros textos básicos em ecologia e a literatura especializada pode ser bastante desafiadora, principalmente quando conceitos básicos de álgebra de matrizes não foram previamente ensinados durante a formação desses pesquisadores. O resultado disso é uma bibliografia restrita, aplicações dos MPMs concentradas nos Estados Unidos e Europa, além de uma literatura com muitos erros conceituais. Apresentar uma introdução gentil aos MPMs parte de uma tentativa de popularizar suas aplicações desde os anos iniciais da formação do pesquisador não familiarizado, seja com a língua inglesa ou com os conceitos matemáticos relativos à essa literatura. Dessa forma, o objetivo aqui é apresentar o ganho em considerar uma população estruturada (aquela em que cada indivíduo contribui para a população de acordo com seu peso, idade, sexo ou outra variável), o desenvolvimento teórico dos MPMs, algumas aplicações relevantes para estudos ecológicos, além das propriedades matemáticas essenciais dos MPMs – muitas das vezes difíceis de serem entendidas. Por fim, oferecemos nos apêndices formulações matemáticas e exercícios práticos no software R. Esperamos que esse manuscrito seja a primeira parada daqueles estudantes e pesquisadores interessados a adentrar na literatura dos modelos populacionais matriciais.
A EXPERIÊNCIA SOCIAL DAS COORDENADORAS PEDAGÓGICAS DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Santos Sandro Vinicius Sales dos , Barroso Fabiana Pinheiro
Published: May 2022

Este texto objetiva analisar o processo de constituição profissional das coordenadoras pedagógicas de creches e pré-escolas, a partir das experiências sociais por elas vividas no contexto da Educação Infantil. O artigo ancora-se conceitualmente nas Pedagogias da Infância e da Educação Infantil, articuladas à sociologia da experiência, formulada por François Dubet (1996). Do ponto de vista metodológico, o material empírico foi produzido por meio de análise documental e entrevistas com seis coordenadoras pedagógicas de Turmalina, cidade situada na porção setentrional do estado de Minas Gerais e, consecutivamente, foi submetido à análise de conteúdo. As análises desse material permitiram verificar que elas atuam a partir de diferentes lógicas de ação para se constituírem profissionais, o que incide no processo de construção de suas profissionalidades. O estudo evidencia a emergência de um estatuto epistemológico que defina as funções devidas à coordenação pedagógica de creches e pré-escolas, tendo em vista as especificidades sociopolíticas e pedagógicas da Educação Infantil.