bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplinkos apsaugos raidos problema Lietuvoje
Authors: Tuskenytė Valentina , Volungevičius Jonas
Published: November 2015

Straipsnyje pateikiama skirtingų laikmečių autorių aplinkos apsaugos politikos veikimo diferenciacija į teritorinę ir kokybinę aplinkos apsaugą. Taip pat pateikiama teritorinės ir kokybinės aplinkos apsaugos sampratos bei jų tarpusavio santykio apžvalga. Naudojantis Aplinkos apsaugos agentūros duomenų bazėmis, sudaromas kokybinės aplinkosaugos žemėlapis, kuris rodo 2015 m. Lietuvoje vykdomą aplinkos komponentų (oro, vandens, dirvožemio) stebėseną. Remiantis sudarytu žemėlapiu, šiame straipsnyje pristatomos galimos kokybinės aplinkosaugos Lietuvoje perspektyvos.
Usos problemáticos y agresivos de las TIC por parte de adolescentes implicados en cyberbullying
Authors: Giménez Gualdo Ana M. , Maquilón Sánchez Javier Jerónimo , Arnaiz Sánchez Pilar
Published: November 2015

Los menores se enfrentan en la red a diversos riesgos entre los que destaca el uso problemático de las tecnologías y el cyberbullying. Esta investigación analiza ambos problemas en una muestra representativa de 1914 adolescentes de educación primaria, secundaria y bachillerato. Los resultados muestran un porcentaje de cyberbullying del 8%, y niveles altos de ansiedad, agresividad y cambio de intereses relacionadas con el uso problemático de las TIC en agresores y víctimas respecto a los no implicados. Ambos grupos indican experiencias de cyberbullying muy recientes aunque con una frecuencia leve, destacando entre las formas más comunes insultos, amenazas y denigraciones, y como aplicaciones el WhatsApp y las redes sociales. Se analiza la influencia del sexo y el nivel educativo para cada variable. En conclusión se señala que conocer estas problemáticas desde el perfil de agresores y víctimas ayuda a la identificación y prevención de situaciones futuras.
Shifting the paradigm in personalized cancer care through next‐generation therapeutics and computational pathology
Authors: Reis‐Filho Jorge S. , Scaltriti Maurizio , Kapil Ansh , Sade Hadassah , Galbraith Susan
Published: August 2024

The incorporation of novel therapeutic agents such as antibody‐drug conjugates, radio‐conjugates, T‐cell engagers, and chimeric antigen receptor cell therapies represents a paradigm shift in oncology. Cell‐surface target quantification, quantitative assessment of receptor internalization, and changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are essential variables in the development of biomarkers for patient selection and therapeutic response. Assessing these parameters requires capabilities that transcend those of traditional biomarker approaches based on immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and/or sequencing assays. Computational pathology is emerging as a transformative solution in this new therapeutic landscape, enabling detailed assessment of not only target presence, expression levels, and intra‐tumor distribution but also of additional phenotypic features of tumor cells and their surrounding TME. Here, we delineate the pivotal role of computational pathology in enhancing the efficacy and specificity of these advanced therapeutics, underscoring the integration of novel artificial intelligence models that promise to revolutionize biomarker discovery and drug development.
Multiscale Fabrication and Characterization of a NEMS Force Sensor
Authors: Jedari Ghourichaei Masoud , Kerimzade Umut , Demirkazik Levent , Pruchnik Bartosz , Kwoka Krzysztof , Badura Dominik , Piasecki Tomasz , Toymus Alp Timucin , Aydin Onur , Aksoy Bekir , Aydogan Cemal , Nadar Gokhan , Rangelow Ivo W. , Beker Levent , Yalcinkaya Arda Deniz , Bayraktar Halil , Gotszalk Teodor , Alaca Burhanettin Erdem
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of an innovative nanoelectromechanical system force sensor that utilizes suspended submicron silicon nanowires for detecting multi‐axis forces in the micro‐newton range. The sensor combines microscale shuttle platforms with nanowire piezoresistors along with retaining springs. Its fabrication involves a rather involved set of Si deep etching, doping, metallization, release, and encapsulation processes on silicon‐on‐insulator wafers. Electromechanical characterization demonstrates sensor reliability under mechanical strains up to the level of 10% as well as gauge factor measurements. Dynamic response analysis confirms a high resonant frequency of 12.34 MHz with a quality factor of 700 in air, closely matching simulation results. Thermal characterization of the sensor reveals a Temperature Coefficient of Resistance of 6.4 × 10⁻⁴ °C⁻¹. Sensor characterization under jet flow reveals its ability to detect strong flows demonstrating a resistance change of as much as 2.02% under sustained gas flow through a nozzle. Sensor integration into the gas flow measurement setup demonstrates its versatility in detecting small forces, paving the way for further exploration of thermomechanical factors. Combined with its miniature footprint, the sensor's electromechanical performance hints at applications in the analysis of velocity gradients in microscale flows including micro/nano diffusers and nozzles in small satellite propulsion.
Signal‐Amplifying Biohybrid Material Circuits for CRISPR/Cas‐Based Single‐Stranded RNA Detection
Authors: Mohsenin Hasti , Schmachtenberg Rosanne , Kemmer Svenja , Wagner Hanna J. , Johnston Midori , Madlener Sibylle , Dincer Can , Timmer Jens , Weber Wilfried
Published: August 2024

The functional integration of biological switches with synthetic building blocks enables the design of modular, stimulus‐responsive biohybrid materials. By connecting the individual modules via diffusible signals, information‐processing circuits can be designed. Such systems are, however, mostly limited to respond to either small molecules, proteins, or optical input thus limiting the sensing and application scope of the material circuits. Here, a highly modular biohybrid material is design based on CRISPR/Cas13a to translate arbitrary single‐stranded RNAs into a biomolecular material response. This system exemplified by the development of a cascade of communicating materials that can detect the tumor biomarker microRNA miR19b in patient samples or sequences specific for SARS‐CoV. Specificity of the system is further demonstrated by discriminating between input miRNA sequences with single‐nucleotide differences. To quantitatively understand information processing in the materials cascade, a mathematical model is developed. The model is used to guide systems design for enhancing signal amplification functionality of the overall materials system. The newly designed modular materials can be used to interface desired RNA input with stimulus‐responsive and information‐processing materials for building point‐of‐care suitable sensors as well as multi‐input diagnostic systems with integrated data processing and interpretation.
The Role of Alkylammonium Bromides on the Surface Passivation of Stable Alcohol‐Dispersed CsPbX3 Nanocrystals and on the Stability Enhancement in Light‐Emitting Applications
Authors: Uribe‐Vegas Pablo , Villanueva‐Antolí Alexis , Segura Camilo , Werlinger Francisca , Aliaga Karen R. , Caprile Renato , Trofymchuk Oleksandra S. , Flores Mario E. , Osorio‐Román Igor O. , Echeverría‐Arrondo Carlos , Adhikari Samrat Das , Selmi Olfa , Seró Iván Mora , Rodriguez‐Pereira Jhonatan , Pradhan Bapi , Paulus Michael , Sternemann Christian , Hofkens Johan , Martinez Javier , Masi Sofia , Gualdrón‐Reyes Andrés F.
Published: August 2024

The ligand passivation is considered an attractive strategy to prepare high‐quality perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) with improved photophysical features in polar media. However, the long‐term stabilization of PNCs in these environments is still challenging, being pivotal to understanding the protection mechanism given by prominent surface ligands and avoiding material deterioration in polar solvents. In this work, how the nature of diverse alkylammonium bromides used during surface passivation influences the photophysical properties and quality of CsPbX3 PNCs fully dispersed in alcohol environments, exhibiting stability up to 10 months are investigated. By adding didodecyldimethylammonium benzyldodecyldimethylammonium and tetrabutylammonium bromides (DDAB, BDAB, and TBAB, respectively), DDAB and BDAB promote a suitable and partial surface coverage are observed, respectively, suppressing defect sites in the nanocrystals. Conversely, TBAB shows poor surface protection, decreasing the PL features of PNCs. The presence of DDAB and BDAB favors the fabrication of color converters, and efficient light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of ≈23%. Interestingly, significant device stability with BDAB capping shows an LED half‐life of 20‐fold longer than for DDAB. This contribution offers a promising approach for preparing highly luminescent and stable alcohol‐dispersed PNCs, useful for fabricating efficient optoelectronic devices.
RAN Translation of C9orf72‐Related Dipeptide Repeat Proteins in Zebrafish Recapitulates Hallmarks of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Identifies Hypothermia as a Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Burrows David J. , McGown Alexander , Abduljabbar Olfat , Castelli Lydia M. , Shaw Pamela J. , Hautbergue Guillaume M. , Ramesh Tennore M.
Published: August 2024

Objective

Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). A large body of evidence implicates dipeptide repeats (DPRs) proteins as one of the main drivers of neuronal injury in cell and animal models.

Methods

A pure repeat‐associated non‐AUG (RAN) translation zebrafish model of C9orf72‐ALS/FTD was generated. Embryonic and adult transgenic zebrafish lysates were investigated for the presence of RAN‐translated DPR species and adult‐onset motor deficits. Using C9orf72 cell models as well as embryonic C9orf72‐ALS/FTD zebrafish, hypothermic‐therapeutic temperature management (TTM) was explored as a potential therapeutic option for C9orf72‐ALS/FTD.

Results

Here, we describe a pure RAN translation zebrafish model of C9orf72‐ALS/FTD that exhibits significant RAN‐translated DPR pathology and progressive motor decline. We further demonstrate that hypothermic‐TTM results in a profound reduction in DPR species in C9orf72‐ALS/FTD cell models as well as embryonic C9orf72‐ALS/FTD zebrafish.

Interpretation

The transgenic model detailed in this paper provides a medium throughput in vivo research tool to further investigate the role of RAN‐translation in C9orf72‐ALS/FTD and further understand the mechanisms that underpin neuroprotective strategies. Hypothermic‐TTM presents a viable therapeutic avenue to explore in the context of C9orf72‐ALS/FTD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1058–1069
High‐Energy Sodium Ion Batteries Enabled by Switching Sodiophobic Graphite into Sodiophilic and High‐Capacity Anodes
Authors: Lyu Linlong , Zheng Yichun , Hua Yingkai , Li Jien , Yi Yuyang , Sun Yang , Xu Zheng‐Long
Published: August 2024

Owing to the crustal abundance of sodium element, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered a promising complementary to lithium‐ion battery for stationary energy storage applications. The cointercalation chemistry enables the use of cost‐effective graphite as anodes, whereas the low capacity (<130 mAh g−1) and high redox potential (>0.6 V vs. Na/Na+) of graphite significantly limit the energy density of SIBs. Herein, we induce the high‐capacity Na metal into sodiophilic ternary graphite intercalation compounds (t‐GICs) via co‐intercalation and deposition reactions, thereby achieving Na/t‐GIC anodes with high capacities and low working voltage (0.18 V). The new anodes exhibit high coulombic efficiencies of above 99.7 % over 550 cycles and a high‐rate capacity of 588.4 mAh g−1 at 6 C (10 min per charge). When it is paired with Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) cathodes, the SIBs demonstrate a high energy density of 259 Wh kg−1both electrodes surpassing that of commercial LiFePO4//graphite batteries. The outstanding anode performance is attributed to the tailored sodiophilicity of graphite through manipulating the ether solvents and the in situ generated space among t‐GIC flakes to stably accommodate Na metal. Our findings for stable Na plating/striping on sodiophilic graphite materials provide an effective approach for developing advanced SIBs.
Chemoselective Construction of Polycyclic Heterocycles Containing a [6‐6‐5] or [7‐6‐5] Tricyclic Core Skeleton from a 2‐Isocyanophenyl Propargylic Ester
Authors: Fei Youwen , Zhou Zihao , Ni Zihan , Peng Xin , Cui Lei , Zhou Zijun , Li Xinyao , Li Chunju , Jia Xueshun , Li Jian
Published: August 2024

Functionalized isocyanide chemistry represents an important research area in organic synthesis. A structurally unique 2‐isocyanophenyl propargylic ester has been designed to incorporate the reactivity of isocyanide and propargylic ester functionalities. Thus, the reaction of 2‐isocyanophenyl propargylic ester and 2‐aminoaromatic aldimine facilitates the synthesis of a wide range of polycyclic benzo[b] indolo [3,2‐h][1,6] naphthyridine derivatives. Furthermore, reaction with 2‐hydroxyaromatic aldimine enables the divergent synthesis of both the aforementioned scaffolds and structurally distinct diazabenzo [f] naphtho[2,3,4‐ij] azulenes featuring a [7‐6‐5] core skeleton. Experimental results and DFT calculations suggest that these transformations likely proceed by the in situ generation of a strained cyclopropenimine species followed by [3+2] cycloaddition. Next, switchable nucleophilic attack/ring expansion/aromatization and nucleophilic addition/ring expansion/elimination account for the observed selectivity.
Research on the process of preparing fiber filtration membrane by centrifugal blowing electrospinning technology
Authors: Liu Fengbin , Wang Han , Liu Maolin , Lu Zehui , Lin Zhenpei , Chen Ying
Published: August 2024

Currently, the problem of air pollution is getting more and more serious, especially the pollution of tiny solid particles (PM, particulate matter) in the air, which poses a great challenge to the environment and human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop air filtration materials with high filtration efficiency and low resistance to meet this challenge. In this study, we propose to prepare air filtration membranes by centrifugal jet electrospinning technology, design multifactorial orthogonal coupling experiments, and investigate the effects of key process parameters of centrifugal jet electrostatic spinning, including solution concentration, airflow rate, rotational speed, and voltage, on the fiber diameter and uniformity by applying the polar analysis of variance and analysis of variance. PAN‐BaTiO3 electret nanofiber filtration membranes with high efficiency and low resistance were prepared by combining the optimized process of centrifugal blowing electrospinning. Various characterization methods (tensile test, water contact angle test, surface charge test, filtration test) were used to evaluate the effect of different BaTiO3 electret contents (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%) on the comprehensive performance of the filtration membranes, and the electret filtration efficiency of the electret filtration membranes prepared by the present process reached as high as 96.56% with a pressure drop of 29 Pa.
Comparative study on the thermal and tribological properties of PA12 and PA11 for coating applications
Authors: Başaran Selin , Türkmen İlyas , Yağcı Tuğçe , Kanbur Kürşat , Baştürk S. Bahar
Published: August 2024

In this study, the performance and potential applicability of polyamide‐12 (PA12) as an alternative to polyamide‐11 (PA11), which is currently used in the coating processes of sliding tools present in cardan shafts, was investigated. The advantages of PA12 powder instead of PA11 in cardan shafts' coating include ease of supply and cost‐effectiveness, while still achieving similar performance. Therefore, PA12 is a more economical choice for coating applications. The PA11 and PA12 neat polymers were characterized via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Based on the analyses, PA12 demonstrated substantial advantages over PA11. It showed a 16°C improvement in decomposition temperature and a 50% increase in crystallinity, enhancing stability under operational conditions, whereas PA11 exhibited approximately 6–7% higher values in crystallization and melting temperatures. The wettability behavior of the steel substrates coated with those polyamides was measured via contact angle analysis. Wear properties and morphologies of coatings were examined using a ball‐on disc test and scanning electron microscopy, respectively and comparatively. Furthermore, PA12 typically displays 30% lower wear rates and similar deformation patterns in tests, thereby presenting itself as a cost‐effective and widely accessible option for coating applications in comparison to PA11.
Preparation of polymer dispersed liquid crystal doped with bilayer nanofiber membranes and phase‐change microcapsule coating for enhanced infrared modulation
Authors: Zhong Zhenlei , Zhao Yuzhen , Li Xun , He Zemin , Gao Hong , Guo Zhun , Wang Dong , Wang Lei , Luan Yi
Published: August 2024

The effective manipulation and regulation of infrared (IR) radiation represent significant advancements in the realm of liquid crystal applications. In this investigation, the synergistic integration of nanofiber membranes and phase change microencapsulated film with polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layers was employed for IR modulation. To obtain the excellent electro‐optical properties of PDLC composite films, the ratio of the PDLC system, the thickness of the nanofiber membrane, and the concentration of phase‐change microcapsules were meticulously regulated, and the polymer network morphology of the PDLC films was analyzed to achieve a high contrast ratio (162.72) of PDLC composite films. The fabricated PDLC composite devices show excellent IR shielding efficiency of 15% in the presence of doped nanofiber membranes and phase change microencapsulated films. Notably, patterned nanofiber layers and phase‐change microcapsule coating were obtained by template electrospinning, resulting in patternable PDLC composite film devices.
Efficient Deep‐Blue Fluorescent OLEDs Based on a D–π–A Emitter Profiting From Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds and a Hybridized Excited State
Authors: Ji Ying , Ma Chenglin , Qiu Xu , Liu Xinyong , Li Jingwei , Zhou Jiadong , Xue Shanfeng
Published: August 2024

High performance deep‐blue emitters with a Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of CIEy≤0.08 are highly desired in ultrahigh‐definition displays. Herein, we designed and synthesized an efficient D–π–A deep‐blue emitter, 2‐(6‐([1,1′ : 3′,1′′‐terphenyl]‐5′‐yl)pyridin‐3‐yl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d] imidazole (mPTPH), using the synergistic effect of intramolecular hydrogen bond (H‐bond) and hybridized excited state. Single‐crystal structure analysis confirmed that there exist intra‐ and intermolecular H‐bond interactions which could inhibit the structure vibration and increase photoluminescence efficiency. The photophysical and theoretical results show that mPTPH exhibited hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) feature with strong deep‐blue emission. Ultimately, the non‐doped device based on mPTPH exhibited high maximum luminance of 20610 cd m−2. The doped device achieved high maximum external quantum efficiency of 5.4 % and small efficiency roll‐off with deep‐blue emission peak of 413 nm and CIE coordinate of (0.16, 0.08).
Sleep and health improvement programme (SHIP) for patients with prostate cancer and caregivers
Authors: Loeb Stacy , Robbins Rebecca , Sanchez‐Nolasco Tatiana , Byrne Nataliya , Ruan Andrea , Rivera Adrian , Gupta Natasha , Kenfield Stacey A. , Chan June M. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Carter Patricia , Jean‐Louis Girardin , Orstad Stephanie L.
Published: August 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to determine whether a sleep and health improvement programme (SHIP) to promote healthy sleep, eating and physical activity would be feasible, acceptable and have a positive impact on lifestyle behaviours for prostate cancer survivors and caregivers.

Methods

We recruited 50 participants for a single group 3‐month pre‐post pilot study. The SHIP intervention included (1) website about sleep, nutrition and physical activity (≥1 view/week), (2) two email newsletters with goal‐setting exercises and resources and (3) midpoint health coach call. The primary outcome was changes in validated sleep scales; secondary outcomes included changes in diet, physical activity and concentration from baseline to 3 months.

Results

Of 50 participants enrolled, median age was 65, 30% were Black and 8% were Hispanic. Thirty‐four patients and 7 family caregivers completed the pilot study (82%). Following the intervention, we observed a statistically significant improvement in the Sleep Hygiene Index (pre: 15, post: 13, p < 0.01), and a trend toward lower Insomnia Severity Index (pre: 12, post: 9, p = 0.07). There were no statistically significant improvements in sleep quality or physical activity, but there were improvements in healthy eating (e.g., increase in cruciferous vegetables and reduction in dairy) and in fatigue‐related problems and concentration. Exit interview feedback was positive.

Conclusions

A web‐based sleep and healthy lifestyle programme for patients with prostate cancer and their caregivers is feasible and acceptable. A randomized controlled trial is planned to test whether a refined SHIP improves sleep and lifestyle in patients with prostate cancer and caregivers.
Climate Change and Congenital Anomalies: A Population‐Based Study of the Effect of Prolonged Extreme Heat Exposure on the Risk of Neural Tube Defects in France
Authors: Bruckner Tim A. , Trinh Nhung T. H. , Lelong Nathalie , Madani Kaveh , Slama Rémy , Given Joanne , Khoshnood Babak
Published: August 2024

Background

Exposure to long‐lasting extreme ambient temperatures in the periconceptional or early pregnancy period might increase the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). We tested whether prolonged severe heat exposure as experienced during the 2003 extreme heatwave in France, affected the risk of NTDs.

Methods

We retrieved NTD cases spanning from January 1994 to December 2018 from the Paris Registry of Congenital Malformations. The 2003 heatwave was characterized by the long duration and high intensity of nine consecutive days with temperatures ≥35°C. We classified monthly conceptions occurring in August 2003 as “exposed” to prolonged extreme heat around conception (i.e., periconceptional period). We assessed whether the risk of NTDs among cohorts exposed to the prolonged severe heatwave of 2003 in the periconceptional period differed from expected values using Poisson/negative binomial regression.

Findings

We identified 1272 NTD cases from January 1994 to December 2018, yielding a monthly mean count of 4.24. Ten NTD cases occurred among births conceived in August 2003. The risk of NTD was increased in the cohort with periconceptional exposure to the August 2003 heatwave (relative risk = 2.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.46 to 3.13), compared to non‐exposed cohorts. Sensitivity analyses excluding July and September months or restricting to summer months yielded consistent findings.

Interpretation

Evidence from the “natural experiment” of an extreme climate event suggests an elevated risk of NTDs following exposure to prolonged extreme heat during the periconceptional period.
Formate Salt as a Bifunctional Reagent for Hydroxylation and Carbonylation Reactions Under Photochemically Driven Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Yang Yi , Su Junping , Guerin Timothe , Nielsen Martin , Tlili Anis
Published: August 2024

In this study, we disclose for the first time that formate salt can be used as a bifunctional reagent for the synthesis of phenol derivatives and as a CO source for carbonylative cross‐coupling processes using the COware gas reactor under activation free conditions. Key to this success is the in‐situ synthesis of aryl formate via an unprecedented nickel/organophotocatalyst system under blue LED irradiation. This developed system demonstrated high applicability to various aryl iodide substrates for synthesizing phenol derivatives. Moreover, the generated CO could be utilized in a range of carbonylative C‐heteroatom and C−C processes. Notably, commercially available H13COONa salt can serve as a bifunctional reagent for both synthesizing phenols and generating 13CO.
Predictors of mortality by an artificial intelligence enhanced electrocardiogram model for cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Amadio Jennifer M. , Grogan Martha , Muchtar Eli , Lopez‐Jimenez Francisco , Attia Zachi I. , AbouEzzeddine Omar , Lin Grace , Dasari Surendra , Kapa Suraj , Borgeson Daniel D. , Friedman Paul A. , Gertz Morie A. , Murphree Dennis H. , Dispenzieri Angela
Published: August 2024

Aims

We aim to determine if our previously validated, diagnostic artificial intelligence (AI) electrocardiogram (ECG) model is prognostic for survival among patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA).

Methods

A total of 2533 patients with CA (1834 with light chain amyloidosis (AL), 530 with wild‐type transthyretin amyloid protein (ATTRwt) and 169 with hereditary transthyretin amyloid (ATTRv)] were included. An amyloid AI ECG (A2E) score was calculated for each patient reflecting the likelihood of CA. CA stage was calculated using the European modification of the Mayo 2004 criteria for AL and Mayo stage for transthyretin amyloid (ATTR). Risk of death was modelled using Cox proportional hazards, and Kaplan–Meier was used to estimate survival.

Results

Median age of the cohort was 67 [inter‐quartile ratio (IQR) 59, 74], and 71.6% were male. The median overall survival for the cohort was 35.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 32.3, 39.5]. For AL, ATTRwt and ATTRv, respectively, median survival was 22.9 (95% CI 19.2, 28.2), 47.2 (95% CI 43.4, 52.3) and 61.4 (95% CI 48.7, 75.9) months. On univariate analysis, an increasing A2E score was associated with more than a two‐fold risk of all‐cause death. On multivariable analysis, the A2E score retained its importance with a risk ratio of 2.0 (95% CI 1.58, 2.55) in the AL group and 2.7 (95% CI 1.81, 4.24) in the ATTR group.

Conclusions

Among patients with AL and ATTR amyloidosis, the A2E model helps to stratify risk of CA and adds another dimension of prognostication.
Explorative sensory profile evaluation in central neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury
Authors: Landmann G. , Ernst M. , Opsommer E. , Stockinger L. , Vollert J. , Baron R.
Published: August 2024

Background

Sensory profiling in neuropathic pain using quantitative sensory testing (QST) has not been extended to central neuropathic pain due to spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aims to fill this gap by evaluating sensory profiles in patients with neuropathic SCI pain.

Method

We retrospectively analysed consecutive QST data from 62 patients with neuropathic spinal cord injury pain (SCIP), following the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain protocol. The study included at‐level and below‐level SCIP due to a spinal cord lesion, and at‐level SCIP following a cauda equina lesion. QST parameters were compared between diagnostic groups. QST profiles of below‐level SCIP (central neuropathic pain) were manually assigned to sensory phenotypes based on literature and expert opinion.

Results

No statistical difference in QST parameters between pain diagnoses was found. For central neuropathic pain (below‐level SCIP), three phenotypes were descriptively observed: loss of function (59%), thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia combination (16%), and mechanical hyperalgesia (19%). The remaining 5% of patients did not fit a common pattern. There was no statistical difference in clinical and psychological variables between phenotypes. In a subgroup analysis, the loss of function phenotype weakly correlated with older age, longer time since injury, and longer pain duration.

Conclusions

Here, we capture sensory phenotypes of central neuropathic pain following SCI. The limited sample size, high rate of missing values, and the retrospective nature of the study mean that results should be seen as strictly exploratory. Further research should replicate these findings and explore the significance of phenotypes.

Significance statement

The evaluation of sensory phenotypes by quantitative sensory testing in central neuropathic pain due to SCI adds a new perspective on sensory phenotypes in comparison to peripheral neuropathic pain. The described thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia combination might represent involvement of the spinothalamic tract. In addition, there was a trend towards older age and longer time since injury in patients with loss of function.
Performance Analysis of the Outdoor Concentrating Photovoltaic–Thermoelectric Coupling System Under Uniform Illumination
Authors: Yu Xiaoxiao , Guo Xiaoxue , Wang Yuanyuan , Dong Lan , Wang Zhenbo , Wu Zihua , Xie Huaqing
Published: August 2024

Concentrating photovoltaic–thermoelectric (CPV–TE) coupling system is an efficient solar‐to‐electric technology, but the nonuniform illumination and temperature caused by the concentrated light have a significant impact on the power generation performance of the cell. This work improves the intensity distribution through the self‐made birefringent prism, and further studies the effect of uniform or nonuniform illumination on the power generation performance of CPV–TE system under different light intensities and cooling conditions. The results show that the output power of PV cell at uniform illumination can achieve 14.74% higher than that at nonuniform illumination due to the decline of cell’ surface temperature difference. Meanwhile, the cooling condition can further enhance the output power of PV or TE cell, and weakens the impact of the illumination nonuniformity on the power generation performance of PV cell. Through the joint optimization of uniform illumination and 10 °C cooling condition, CPV–TE coupling system increases the output power by 15.83% at 10 kW m−2. TE device can further enhance the output power by 46.09 mW through the thermoelectric conversion. Surprisingly, the environmental cost from CPV–TE system reduces carbon dioxide emission of 26471.01¥ m−2 every day. The outdoor CPV–TE coupling system has a certain assistance for the practical development.
Next‐generation sequencing in pediatric‐onset epilepsies: Analysis with target panels and personalized therapeutic approach
Authors: Castellotti Barbara , Ragona Francesca , Freri Elena , Messina Giuliana , Magri Stefania , Previtali Roberto , Solazzi Roberta , Franceschetti Silvana , Taroni Franco , Canafoglia Laura , Gellera Cinzia , Granata Tiziana , DiFrancesco Jacopo C.
Published: August 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to report the results of the genetic analysis in a large and well‐characterized population with pediatric‐onset epilepsies and to identify those who could benefit from precision medicine treatments.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, we consecutively recruited patients with pediatric‐onset epilepsy observed at a tertiary neurological center over a time span of 7 years, collecting clinical and laboratory findings. Following in‐depth diagnostic process to exclude possible structural and metabolic causes of the disease, patients with a suspected genetically determined etiology underwent next‐generation sequencing (NGS) screening with panels for the analysis of target genes causative of epilepsy.

Results

We detected likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants (classes IV and V) in 24% of the 562 patients who underwent genetic investigations. By the evaluation of patients' data, we observed that some features (onset of epilepsy before one year old, presence of neurological deficits, psychomotor delay/cognitive disability, and malformative aspects at brain MRI) were significantly associated with class IV or V variants. Moreover, statistical analysis showed that the diagnostic yield resulted higher for patients affected by Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy (PME) and with early onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE), compared with focal epilepsies, genetic generalized epilepsies, DEE with onset at/after 1 y.o., and unclassified epileptic syndromes. According to the results of the genetic screening, up to 33% of patients carrying class IV or V variants resulted potentially eligible for precision medicine treatments.

Significance

The large‐scale application of NGS multigene panels of analysis is a useful tool for the molecular diagnosis of patients with pediatric‐onset epilepsies, allowing the identification of those who could benefit from a personalized therapeutic approach.

Plain Language Summary

The analysis of patients with pediatric‐onset epilepsy using advanced technologies for the screening of all the implicated genes allows the identification of the cause of diseases in an ever‐increasing number of cases. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms could, in some cases, guide the selection and optimization of appropriate treatment approaches for patients.
Unveiling the antibacterial efficacy of thiazolo [3,2‐a] pyrimidine: Synthesis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Patel Vishant C. , Patel Ankit J. , Patel Darshan S. , Dholakia Amit B. , Ansari Siddique Akber , Agrawal Mohit
Published: August 2024

Two series of C‐Mannich base derivatives were synthesized and evaluated through the reaction of formaldehyde, two thiazolo‐pyrimidine compounds, and various 2°‐amines. The chemical structures and inherent properties of the synthesized compounds were authenticated using a variety of spectroscopic techniques. The aseptic bactericidal potential of the compounds was assessed alongside five common bacterial microbes, with Ampicillin employed as the reference drug. Compounds 9b and 9d demonstrated comparable antibacterial activity to ampicillin against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium, respectively, at 100 μg/mL. Furthermore, compounds 9f and 10f exhibited noteworthy action against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 250 μg/mL). Compounds 10b and 10f displayed excellent efficacy versus Escherichia coli, boasting (MIC: 50 μg/mL). Molecular docking studies elucidated the necessary connections and energies of molecular entities with the E. coli DNA gyrase B enzyme, a pivotal target in bacterial DNA replication. Further thermodynamic stability of the ligand‐receptor complex of 10b and 10f were further validated though 200 ns molecular dynamics simulation. The findings highlight the potential of these synthesized derivatives as effective antibacterial agents and provide valuable insights into their mechanism of action.
Melatonin alleviates arsenic‐induced liver injury by regulating protein RKIP and enhancing antioxidant defencse mechanisms
Authors: Rezvankhah Soheil , Zargari Felor , Sharifi Rasoul
Published: August 2024

Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic metal and one of the main factors in cancer development through oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species. Prior research has demonstrated melatonin's potential as a free radical scavenger. Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is an important regulator of intracellular signaling pathways that has been linked to various types of cancer. The aim of this research was to explore the influence of melatonin's antioxidant properties on the expression of the protein RKIP and the antioxidant status of liver tissue in rats that were exposed to arsenic. Thirty two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight, including control, melatonin‐treated (20 mg/Kg of melatonin), sodium arsenite‐treated (5.5 mg/Kg of sodium arsenite), and melatonin + sodium arsenite‐treated groups (combination) for 4 weeks. The expression level of protein RKIP was measured by Western blot, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the liver as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured. The data analyzed using one‐way ANOVA (significance level of p < 0.05) and GraphPad Prism (9) software. Sodium arsenite treatment led to a significant decrease in RKIP protein expression and antioxidant enzyme activity, and an increase in liver MDA levels (p < 0.001). Conversely, melatonin treatment in the combination group resulted in a significant increase in RKIP protein expression and antioxidant enzyme activity and a decrease in liver MDA levels (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that melatonin can attenuate oxidative damage caused by arsenic in liver cells by enhancing RKIP protein expression and antioxidant enzyme activity.
Microbial biofertilizers and algae‐based biostimulant affect fruit yield characteristics of organic processing tomato
Authors: Quintarelli Valentina , Borgatti Daniele , Baretta Mattia , Stazi Silvia Rita , Allevato Enrica , Pancaldi Simonetta , Baldisserotto Costanza , Mancinelli Roberto , Tedeschi Paola , Radicetti Emanuele , Ben Hassine Mortadha
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Microbial biofertilizers and algae‐based biostimulants have been recognized for supporting sustainable agriculture. Field experiments were conducted in 2022 and 2023 growing seasons in an organic farm located in Ferrara (Italy) with the aim of evaluating plant growth‐promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) and algae‐based biostimulants (Biost) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The experimental treatments were: (i) two microbial biofertilizers (PGPM_1, PGPM_2) and no inoculated plants (No_PGPM); and (ii) two algae‐based biostimulant rates (0.5% (Biost_0.5%), 1.0% (Biost_1.0%)) and no application (No_Biost). PGPMs were applied at transplanting, while biostimulants at 15 and 30 days after transplanting. Treatments were replicated three times according to a split‐plot experimental design. Plant characteristics were evaluated at 30 days after transplanting in No_Biost treatments. During tomato cultivation, soil plant analysis development (SPAD), nitrogen difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI) and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were monitored. Tomato yield was determined.

RESULTS

PGPM_2 showed the highest shoot biomass (132.9 g plant−1), plant height (44.7 cm), leaf number (34.0 plant−1) and root biomass (9.22 g plant−1). Intermediate values were observed in PGPM_1, while all parameters were lower in No_PGPM. Both PGPMs achieved higher values of SPAD, NDVI, PPFD and LAI than No_PGPM. Biost_1.0% increased all measured growth parameters followed by Biost_0.5% and No_Biost, respectively. Tomato yield was the highest for PGPM_2–Biost_1.0% (67.2 t ha−1). PGPMs affected fruit size and sugar content, while biostimulants were associated with color and lycopene.

CONCLUSION

The application of microbial biofertilizers and algae‐based biostimulants could be part of environment‐friendly practice in organic farming. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Prediction model for retention volumes of the three‐phase solvent system in high‐speed countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Muhire Jules , Zhang Fu‐Xin , Sun Xiao , Wang Xing‐Cui , Pei Dong , Huang Xin‐Yi , Di Duo‐Long
Published: August 2024

Owing to its ability to separate substances with a broad scope of polarities, exploring the three‐phase solvent systems (TPSSs) with high‐speed countercurrent chromatography is a topic of interest in separation science, and their retention volumes should be more concerned. This study primarily investigates the behavior of retention volumes while examining the isolation abilities of the TPSS in the technique above. We took standard compounds, including sophoricoside, Sudan red 7B, and rotenone, which have a broad range of polarity, for investigation in this study and separated them using different four‐liquid TPSSs made up of water, acetonitrile, methyl acetate, and n‐hexane (WAMH). Our findings show that the retention volumes gradually alter in response to changes in phase polarity within the proposed solvent systems. With TPSSs, we preliminarily studied compound isolation and the promising formula of their retention volumes. The proposed solvent systems WAMH in different ratios showed high correlations and adjusted correlation coefficients above 0.9978 and 0.9913 for the actual and calculated retention volumes. This study will be particularly beneficial for researchers focusing on countercurrent chromatography with TPSSs, as it offers valuable time‐saving insights.
Varying patterns of taxonomic and functional plant composition and diversity across different types of urban and rural grasslands
Authors: Swacha Grzegorz , Raduła Małgorzata W. , Jewticz Sabina , Kusak Barbara , Świerszcz Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Semi‐natural grasslands are found predominantly in agricultural landscapes; however, their counterparts are also found in cities, referred to as urban grasslands. We sampled the most extensive patches of urban grasslands in Wrocław (Poland, Europe) in urban parks and along a river valley. We compared urban grasslands to broadly defined rural grasslands in terms of compositional gradients and both taxonomic and functional diversity. We also tested for relationships between rare species and different facets of diversity. Urban grasslands corresponded to three rural grassland habitat types: mesic pastures, mesic meadows, and alluvial meadows. We conducted analogous analyses, including and excluding habitat‐level assignment, to determine if emerging patterns between rural and urban grasslands are habitat‐dependent. Rural pastures and their urban counterparts showed high taxonomic and functional similarity, implying that short‐ and frequent‐cutting, applied in cities, mimics grazing management on agricultural sites. Rural mesic hay grasslands and alluvial meadows showed high taxonomic and functional dissimilarities from their urban counterparts. We found that rare species contribute to taxonomic diversity while only affecting functional diversity in a few cases. Varying patterns of taxonomic and functional similarity were observed across different habitats. Comparisons of grasslands without regard for habitat types mask diverging patterns in taxonomic and functional diversity. Despite high environmental and management pressures in urban areas (higher nutrient levels and temperatures, decreased moisture, and intensified management and soil disturbances), we showed that urban grasslands hold a considerable portion of the plant diversity found in rural grasslands.
Increase in marginal sea alkalinity may impact air–sea carbon dioxide exchange and buffer acidification
Authors: Cotovicz Luiz C. , Cahill Bronwyn , Sabbaghzadeh Bita , Lencina‐Avila Jannine M. , Rehder Gregor
Published: August 2024

Total alkalinity (TA) has increased in the Baltic Sea, with implications for atmospheric CO2‐induced acidification and CO2 uptake. We compiled extensive data of TA in surface waters of the Baltic Sea, aiming to (i) identify new tendencies in the relationship between TA and salinity (TA–S relationship), (ii) update the TA trend analysis, (iii) investigate spatial–temporal patterns, and (iv) discuss potential drivers and implications. We observed a progressive decrease in the slopes and increase in the intercepts of the TA–S overtime due to the persistent process of TA enhancement. A weak seasonal pattern was identified, with warmer months presenting lower salinity and TA. Lower rates of TA increase were observed in high salinities (Skagerrak–Kattegat; +1.00 to +2.20 μmol kg−1 yr−1), intermediate trends in low salinities (Gulf of Bothnia; +3.28 to +3.57 μmol kg−1 yr−1), and maximal trends in the Central Baltic Sea (+3.70 to +4.57 μmol kg−1 yr−1) and Bornholm Basin (+4.82 to +5.32 μmol kg−1 yr−1). The increase in the intercept of the TA–S in the Gulf of Bothnia suggests a progressive increase in the external supply of TA, although lower than previously thought. The maximum trend in the Bornholm Basin suggests an increase in external supply from the Southern catchment and/or the accumulation of internal production. The positive TA–phosphorus correlations underscore a significant internal source. The TA increase amplifies the CO2 uptake by 1.8–7.8% during spring/summer and reduces the CO2 outgassing by 3.4–7.7% in autumn/winter. The TA enhancement has the potential to buffer CO2‐induced acidification by 39–60% by 2050.
Coral mucus promotes the carbon metabolic potency of microorganisms in the coral reef ecosystem
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Cheng Keke , Qin Yuke , Li Xinyang , Cai Zhonghua , Yang Bo , Jong Mui‐Choo , Zheng Huina , Xiao Baohua , Zhou Jin
Published: August 2024

Coral mucus, teeming with organic matter, releases nutrients and microorganisms, affecting element cycling and microbial communities in coral reefs. While terrestrial ecosystems exhibit well‐studied priming effects from root exudates, the influence of mucus in marine environments, particularly in coral reefs, remains underexplored. We hypothesize that coral mucus, through its nutrients and microbes, stimulates the surrounding microorganisms, regulating carbon metabolism and thus contributing to high coral reef productivity. Initially, natural samples (Acropora pruinosa mucus, seawater, and sediment) were collected for metagenomic assessment of microbial communities and functions. Results showed significant differences in microbial diversity, community structures, co‐occurrence modes, and unique functions among mucus, seawater, and sediment. Subsequent laboratory experiments demonstrated mucus's substantial influence on surrounding microorganisms. Analyses, including 16S rRNA sequencing and Eco‐plate results, revealed that mucus regulates microbial composition and activities. Quantitative gene‐chip analysis showed significant increase in the functional genes related to carbon fixation (e.g., the 3‐hydroxypropionate cycle) and degradation (e.g., pectin and hemicellulose hydrolysis) by 55.81% and 65.48%, respectively. Partial least squares path modeling identified mucus nutrients and microbial community composition as key contributors to carbon metabolic potential. This research confirms that mucus acts as a trigger, reshaping microbial profiles around corals and enhancing carbon utilization efficiency, highlighting its essential role in carbon metabolism and the maintenance of high productivity in coral reef ecosystems.
An Erbium‐Doped Waveguide Amplifier on Thin Film Lithium Niobate with an Output Power Exceeding 100 mW
Authors: Bao Rui , Fang Zhiwei , Liu Jian , Liu Zhaoxiang , Chen Jinming , Wang Min , Wu Rongbo , Zhang Haisu , Cheng Ya
Published: August 2024

A high‐power thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) erbium‐doped waveguide amplifier (EDWA) is demonstrated with a maximum on‐chip output power of 113 mW and a gain of 16 dB. The on‐chip integrated EDWA is composed of large mode area (LMA) waveguide structures with a total length of 7 cm and a footprint of 1 × 1 cm2. Segmented LMA waveguides are connected with waveguide tapers to achieve on‐chip mode conversion, which maintains single‐mode propagation all over the EDWA even at the waveguide bends. The design leads to a significant increase in the amplified signal power by orders of magnitude and will open an avenue for applications such as on‐chip high‐power lasers and amplifier systems.