bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary intakes and biomarker patterns of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 can be associated with cognitive impairment by hypermethylation of redox-related genes NUDT15 and TXNRD1
Authors: An Yu , Feng Lingli , Zhang Xiaona , Wang Ying , Wang Yushan , Tao Lingwei , Qin Zhongsheng , Xiao Rong
Published: October 2019

Background

B vitamins in the one-carbon metabolism pathway (folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) have been implicated in DNA methylation, and their deficiency may contribute to cognitive decline through increased homocysteine (Hcy) levels and subsequent oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether B vitamin deficiency and increased Hcy could interact with DNA methylation of oxidative-related genes and exacerbate cognitive impairment.

Methods

Participants were selected from a large cohort study entitled the Effects and Mechanism Investigation of Cholesterol and Oxysterol on Alzheimer’s disease (EMCOA) study. We included 2533 participants who completed a selection of comprehensive cognitive tests and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were followed for an average of 2.3 years. The longitudinal effects of B vitamin intake on cognitive decline were examined using linear mixed-effect models. Seven mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, in the predementia stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and fivev healthy controls were selected for the discovery of genome-wide differentially methylated CpG sites. Candidate oxidative stress-related genes significantly correlated with serum levels of B vitamins were selected for validation in 102 MCI patients and 68 controls. The correlations between DNA methylation levels and serum concentrations of B vitamins and oxidative biomarkers were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation. The interactive effects of DNA methylation and B vitamins on cognitive performance were further evaluated by multiple linear regression.

Results

In the prospective analysis, inadequate dietary intake of vitamin B12was significantly associated with accelerated cognitive decline, whereas adequate folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12intakes were significantly associated with better cognitive reserve. In the case-control analysis, the DNA methylation levels of NUDT15 and TXNRD1 were examined, and significantly hypermethylated sites were identified in MCI patients. Significant correlations of hypermethylated sites with serum levels of folate, homocysteine (Hcy), and oxidative biomarkers were observed, and interactive effects of B vitamins and hypermethylated sites were significantly associated with cognitive performance.

Conclusion

Adequate dietary folate at baseline predicted a better cognitive reserve, while decreased serum levels of B vitamins may contribute to cognitive impairment by affecting methylation levels of specific redox-related genes.

Trial registration

EMCOA, ChiCTR-OOC-17011882, Registered 5th, July 2017-Retrospectively registered,http://www.medresman.org/uc/project/projectedit.aspx?proj=2610

Graphical Abstract
Long-term efficacy of interventions for actinic keratosis: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Steeb Theresa , Heppt Markus V. , Becker Lars , Kohl Christoph , French Lars E. , Berking Carola
Published: October 2019

Background

Actinic keratoses (AK) are common precancerous lesions of the skin due to cumulative sun exposure. A variety of interventions are available for the treatment; however, the majority of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses focus on short-term efficacy outcomes. This network meta-analysis aims to investigate the long-term (> 12 months) efficacy of interventions for AK.

Methods

To identify relevant studies, we will perform a systematic literature research in MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL and hand-search pertinent trial registers. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts for eligibility. We will include RCTs with an inter-individual (parallel arm) design. The study population includes patients with a clinical or histopathologic diagnosis of AK. Eligibility will be restricted to the following interventions: surgical approaches, cryosurgery, ablative laser treatment, topical drug treatment with 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, ingenol mebutate, diclofenac, or photodynamic therapy. As outcomes, we will consider the following endpoints: (1) the participant complete clearance rate, (2) the participant partial clearance rate, (3) the lesion-specific clearance, (4) the mean lesion reduction per patient, and (5) the number of withdrawals due to adverse events after at least 12 months after the end of treatment. Monotherapy or placebo will serve as a comparison. Estimates of effects from individual studies will be pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity will be evaluated based on I2 and chi-square test. The risk of bias will be estimated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool by two review authors independently. The quality of evidence of the outcomes will be assessed with the GRADE approach. A network meta-analysis will be performed to combine direct and indirect evidence from the included RCTs.

Discussion

The potential of interventions to achieve a sustained clearance of AK has not been assessed to date. To investigate the long-term efficacy of interventions is important as the natural disease course is highly variable and relapses occur frequently even after initial lesion clearance. This review will help to set a framework for clinical decision making in patients with AK.

Systematic review registration

CRD42018095903 (PROSPERO)
The Euler scheme for stochastic differential equations with discontinuous drift coefficient: a numerical study of the convergence rate
Authors: Göttlich S. , Lux K. , Neuenkirch A.
Published: October 2019

The Euler scheme is one of the standard schemes to obtain numerical approximations of solutions of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Its convergence properties are well known in the case of globally Lipschitz continuous coefficients. However, in many situations, relevant systems do not show a smooth behavior, which results in SDE models with discontinuous drift coefficient. In this work, we analyze the long time properties of the Euler scheme applied to SDEs with a piecewise constant drift and a constant diffusion coefficient and carry out intensive numerical tests for its convergence properties. We emphasize numerical convergence rates and analyze how they depend on the properties of the drift coefficient and the initial value. We also give theoretical interpretations of some of the arising phenomena. For application purposes, we study a rank-based stock market model describing the evolution of the capital distribution within the market and provide theoretical as well as numerical results on the long time ranking behavior.
Identification of osimertinib-resistant EGFR L792 mutations by cfDNA sequencing: oncogenic activity assessment and prevalence in large cfDNA cohort
Authors: Fairclough Stephen R. , Kiedrowski Lesli A. , Lin Jessica J. , Zelichov Ori , Tarcic Gabi , Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Odegaard Justin I. , Lanman Richard B. , Shaw Alice T. , Nagy Rebecca J.
Published: October 2019

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) next-generation sequencing has the potential to capture tumor heterogeneity and genomic evolution under treatment pressure in a non-invasive manner. Here, we report the detection of EGFR L792 mutations, a non-covalent mechanism of osimertinib resistance, using Guardant360 cfDNA testing in a patient with metastatic EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose disease progressed on osimertinib. We subsequently analyzed a large cohort of over 1800 additional patient samples harboring an EGFR T790M mutation and identified a concomitant L792 mutation in a total of 22 (1.2%) cases. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that the EGFR L858R/T790M/L792F/H mutations conferred intermediate-level resistance to osimertinib. Further understanding of potential acquired resistance mechanisms to targeted therapy may help inform treatment strategy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
Auger electrons for cancer therapy – a review
Authors: Ku Anthony , Facca Valerie J. , Cai Zhongli , Reilly Raymond M.
Published: October 2019

Background

Auger electrons (AEs) are very low energy electrons that are emitted by radionuclides that decay by electron capture (e.g.111In,67Ga,99mTc,195mPt,125I and123I). This energy is deposited over nanometre-micrometre distances, resulting in high linear energy transfer (LET) that is potent for causing lethal damage in cancer cells. Thus, AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents have great potential for treatment of cancer. In this review, we describe the radiobiological properties of AEs, their radiation dosimetry, radiolabelling methods, and preclinical and clinical studies that have been performed to investigate AEs for cancer treatment.

Results

AEs are most lethal to cancer cells when emitted near the cell nucleus and especially when incorporated into DNA (e.g.125I-IUdR). AEs cause DNA damage both directly and indirectly via water radiolysis. AEs can also kill targeted cancer cells by damaging the cell membrane, and kill non-targeted cells through a cross-dose or bystander effect. The radiation dosimetry of AEs considers both organ doses and cellular doses. The Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) schema may be applied. Radiolabelling methods for complexing AE-emitters to biomolecules (antibodies and peptides) and nanoparticles include radioiodination (125I and123I) or radiometal chelation (111In,67Ga,99mTc). Cancer cells exposedin vitroto AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents exhibit decreased clonogenic survival correlated at least in part with unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) detected by immunofluorescence for γH2AX, and chromosomal aberrations. Preclinical studies of AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents have shown strong tumour growth inhibitionin vivoin tumour xenograft mouse models. Minimal normal tissue toxicity was found due to the restricted toxicity of AEs mostly on tumour cells targeted by the radiotherapeutic agents. Clinical studies of AEs for cancer treatment have been limited but some encouraging results were obtained in early studies using111In-DTPA-octreotide and125I-IUdR, in which tumour remissions were achieved in several patients at administered amounts that caused low normal tissue toxicity, as well as promising improvements in the survival of glioblastoma patients with125I-mAb 425, with minimal normal tissue toxicity.

Conclusions

Proof-of-principle for AE radiotherapy of cancer has been shown preclinically, and clinically in a limited number of studies. The recent introduction of many biologically-targeted therapies for cancer creates new opportunities to design novel AE-emitting agents for cancer treatment. Pierre Auger did not conceive of the application of AEs for targeted cancer treatment, but this is a tremendously exciting future that we and many other scientists in this field envision.
The impact of certain underlying comorbidities on the risk of developing hospitalised pneumonia in England
Authors: Campling J. , Jones D. , Chalmers J. D. , Jiang Q. , Vyse A. , Madhava H. , Ellsbury G. , Slack M.
Published: October 2019

Background

UK specific data on the risk of developing hospitalised CAP for patients with underlying comorbidities is lacking. This study compared the likelihood of hospitalised all-cause community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with certain high-risk comorbidities and a comparator group with no known risk factors for pneumococcal disease.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study interrogated data in the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) dataset between financial years 2012/13 and 2016/17. In total 3,078,623 patients in England (aged ≥18 years) were linked to their hospitalisation records. This included 2,950,910 individuals with defined risk groups and a comparator group of 127,713 people who had undergone tooth extraction with none of the risk group diagnoses. Risk groups studied were chronic respiratory disease (CRD), chronic heart disease (CHD), chronic liver disease (CLD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes (DM) and post bone marrow transplant (BMT). The patients were tracked forward from year 0 (2012/13) to Year 3 (2016/17) and all diagnoses of hospitalised CAP were recorded. A Logistic regression model compared odds of developing hospitalised CAP for patients in risk groups compared to healthy controls. The model was simultaneously adjusted for age, sex, strategic heath authority (SHA), index of multiple deprivation (IMD), ethnicity, and comorbidity. To account for differing comorbidity profiles between populations the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was applied. The model estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals of developing hospitalised CAP for each specified clinical risk group.

Results

Patients within all the risk groups studied were more likely to develop hospitalised CAP than patients in the comparator group. The odds ratios varied between underlying conditions ranging from 1.18 (95% CI 1.13, 1.23) for those with DM to 5.48 (95% CI 5.28, 5.70) for those with CRD.

Conclusions

Individuals with any of 6 pre-defined underlying comorbidities are at significantly increased risk of developing hospitalised CAP compared to those with no underlying comorbid condition. Since the likelihood varies by risk group it should be possible to target patients with each of these underlying comorbidities with the most appropriate preventative measures, including immunisations.
Added value of three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography, using dual-volume reconstruction technique, in post-treatment follow-up of cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Abdel Samad Amr Mahmoud , Ibrahim Yosra Abdelzaher , Othman Amal Ibrahim A.
Published: October 2019

Background

To assess the added value of the dual-volume technique when used with the routine single-volume 3D DSA in the follow-up of endovascularly treated aneurysms.

Results

Seventeen patients (10 females and 7 males) who underwent coiling of their cerebral aneurysms were assessed by 3D DSA using single- and dual-volume techniques. Recanalization of the aneurysm was depicted in 10 cases on the dual-volume technique, only 4 of which were detected on the single-volume 3D DSA technique. Thus, the use of the dual-volume technique upgraded our management plan from follow-up to re-treatment in 6 cases (35%)

Conclusion

The dual-volume technique of 3D DSA is superior to the single-volume technique in visualization of the endovascular devices distinctly, resulting in better evaluation of the aneurysm recanalization and its relation to the parent vessel and occluding device.
Exploring the Relationship between Teacher Knowledge and Active-Learning Implementation in Large College Biology Courses
Authors: Andrews Tessa C. , Auerbach Anna Jo J. , Grant Emily F.
Published: October 2019

Not all instructors implement active-learning strategies in a way that maximizes student outcomes. One potential explanation for variation in active-learning effectiveness is variation in the teaching knowledge an instructor draws upon. Guided by theoretical frameworks of pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge, this study investigated the teaching knowledge instructors used in planning, implementing, and reflecting on active-learning lessons in large courses. We used a preinstruction interview, video footage of a target class session, and a postinstruction interview with stimulated recall to elicit the teaching knowledge participants used. We then conducted qualitative content analysis to describe and contrast teaching knowledge employed by instructors implementing active learning that required students to generate their own understandings (i.e., generative instruction) and active learning largely focused on activity and recall (i.e., active instruction). Participants engaging in generative instruction exhibited teaching knowledge distinct from that of participants focused on activity. Those using generative instruction drew on pedagogical knowledge to design lessons focused on students generating reasoning; integrated pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge to plan lessons to target student difficulties; and created opportunities to develop new pedagogical content knowledge while teaching. This work generated hypotheses about the teaching knowledge necessary for effective, generative active-learning instruction.
Evaluating Unconscious Bias: Speaker Introductions at an International Oncology Conference
Authors: Duma Narjust , Durani Urshila , Woods Cynthia B. , Kankeu Fonkoua Lionel A. , Cook Joselle M. , Wee Christopher , Fuentes Harry E. , Gonzalez-Velez Miguel , Murphy Martina C. , Jain Shikha , Marshall Ariela L. , Graff Stephanie L. , Knoll Miriam A.
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE

In a professional setting, the introduction of female speakers without their professional title may have an impact on the public’s perception of the female speaker. We examined how professional titles were used during speakers’ introductions at the ASCO Annual Meeting.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective, observational study of video-archived speaker introductions at the 2017 and 2018 ASCO Annual Meetings. A “professional address” was defined as the professional title followed by the speaker’s full name or last name. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with the form of address.

RESULTS

Of 2,511 videos reviewed, 781 met inclusion criteria. Female speakers were addressed less often by their professional title compared with male speakers (62% v 81%; P < .001). Males were less likely to use a professional address when introducing female speakers compared with females when introducing male speakers (53% v 80%; P < .01). When women performed speaker introductions, no gender differences in professional address were observed (75% v 82%; P = .13). Female speakers were more likely to be introduced by first name only (17% v 3%; P < .001). Male introducers were more likely to address female speakers by first name only compared with female introducers (24% v 7%; P < .01). In a multivariable regression including gender, degree, academic rank, and geographic location of the speaker’s institution, male speakers were more likely to receive a professional address compared with female speakers (odds ratio, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.71 to 3.47; P < .01).

CONCLUSION

When introduced by men, female speakers were less likely to receive a professional address and more likely to be introduced by first name only compared with their male peers.
Response to Immunotherapy in Combination With Mitotane in Patients With Metastatic Adrenocortical Cancer
Authors: Head Lia , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Clark Toshimasa J , Somerset Hilary , King Jonathan , Raeburn Christopher , Albuja-Cruz Maria , Weyant Michael , Cleveland Joseph , Wierman Margaret E , Leong Stephen
Published: October 2019

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare orphan disease with a dismal prognosis. Surgery remains the first-line treatment, but most patients eventually develop metastatic disease. Mitotane is often used with chemotherapy with modest success. Little information is available concerning the efficacy of immunotherapy in combination with mitotane. We conducted a retrospective review of our initial six patients with metastatic ACC, for whom mitotane alone or with chemotherapy failed, and who were subsequently treated with a combination of pembrolizumab and mitotane, between July 2016 and March 2019. Imaging was analyzed per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours 1.1 criteria. Two patients had a partial response and four patients had stable disease (8 to 19 months). One patient had grade 3 hepatitis and pembrolizumab was discontinued after 8 months. She died with disease progression 16 months after initiating pembrolizumab. One patient developed brain metastasis after 19 months of treatment and was transitioned to hospice. One patient had focal pneumonitis after 18 months of treatment, and pembrolizumab was discontinued. Three remaining patients continue pembrolizumab plus mitotane at the time of this writing. The current standard of care for ACC is a combination of etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and mitotane with an overall survival of 14.8 months. All six patients lived for at least 16 months after starting pembrolizumab added to mitotane therapy. The therapy appeared to be effective in both microsatellite instability-high and microsatellite stable tumors, suggesting some synergistic effect with mitotane. Combined immunotherapy and mitotane should be considered in future clinical trials in patients with ACC.
Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy Does Not Improve Early Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Porcine Renal Transplantation Model
Authors: Eriksen Jonathan Kunisch , Nielsen Lise H. , Moeslund Niels , Keller Anna K. , Krag Søren , Pedersen Michael , Pedersen Jens Aage K. , Birn Henrik , Jespersen Bente , Norregaard Rikke
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND:

Insufficient fluid administration intra- and postoperatively may lead to delayed renal graft function (DGF), while fluid overload increases the risk of heart failure, infection, and obstipation. Several different fluid protocols have been suggested to ensure optimal fluid state. However, there is a lack of evidence of the clinical impact of these regimens. This study aimed to determine whether individualized goal-directed fluid therapy (IGDT) positively affects the initial renal function compared to a high-volume fluid therapy (HVFT) and to examine the effects on renal endothelial glycocalyx, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and medullary tissue oxygenation. The hypothesis was that IGDT improves early glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in pigs subjected to renal transplantation.

METHODS:

This was an experimental randomized study. Using a porcine renal transplantation model, animals were randomly assigned to receive IGDT or HVFT during and until 1 hour after transplantation from brain-dead donors. The kidneys were exposed to 18 hours of cold ischemia. The recipients were observed until 10 hours after reperfusion, which included GFR measured as clearance of chrom-51-ethylendiamintetraacetat (51Cr-EDTA), animal weight, and renal tissue oxygenation by fiber optic probes. The renal expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers as well as glomerular endothelial glycocalyx were analyzed in the graft using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and immunofluorescence.

RESULTS:

Twenty-eight recipient pigs were included for analysis. We found no evidence that IGDT improved early GFR compared to HVFT (P = .45), while animal weight increased more in the HVFT group (a mean difference of 3.4 kg [1.96–4.90]; P < .0001). A better, however nonsignificant, preservation of glomerular glycocalyx (P = .098) and significantly lower levels of the inflammatory marker cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) was observed in the IGDT group when compared to HVFT. COX-2 was 1.94 (1.50–2.39; P = .012) times greater in the HVFT group when compared to the IGDT group. No differences were observed in outer medullary tissue oxygenation or oxidative stress markers.

CONCLUSIONS:

IGDT did not improve early GFR; however, it may reduce tissue inflammation and could possibly lead to preservation of the glycocalyx compared to HVFT.
Pan-cancer repository of validated natural and cryptic mRNA splicing mutations
Authors: Shirley Ben C. , Mucaki Eliseos J. , Rogan Peter K.
Published: October 2019

We present a major public resource of mRNA splicing mutations validated according to multiple lines of evidence of abnormal gene expression. Likely mutations present in all tumor types reported in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) were identified based on the comparative strengths of splice sites in tumor versus normal genomes, and then validated by respectively comparing counts of splice junction spanning and abundance of transcript reads in RNA-Seq data from matched tissues and tumors lacking these mutations. The comprehensive resource features 341,486 of these validated mutations, the majority of which (69.9%) are not present in the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database (dbSNP 150). There are 131,347 unique mutations which weaken or abolish natural splice sites, and 222,071 mutations which strengthen cryptic splice sites (11,932 affect both simultaneously). 28,812 novel or rare flagged variants (with <1% population frequency in dbSNP) were observed in multiple tumor tissue types. An algorithm was developed to classify variants into splicing molecular phenotypes that integrates germline heterozygosity, degree of information change and impact on expression. The classification thresholds were calibrated against the ClinVar clinical database phenotypic assignments. Variants are partitioned into allele-specific alternative splicing, likely aberrant and aberrant splicing phenotypes. Single variants or chromosome ranges can be queried using a Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH)-compliant, web-based Beacon “Validated Splicing Mutations” either separately or in aggregate alongside other Beacons through the public Beacon Network, as well as through our website. The website provides additional information, such as a visual representation of supporting RNAseq results, gene expression in the corresponding normal tissues, and splicing molecular phenotypes.
The Noetic Experience and Belief Scale: A validation and reliability study
Authors: Wahbeh Helané , Yount Garret , Vieten Cassandra , Radin Dean , Delorme Arnaud
Published: October 2019

Background: Belief in the paranormal is widespread worldwide. Recent surveys suggest that subjective experiences of the paranormal are common. A concise instrument that adequately evaluates beliefs as distinct from experiences does not currently exist. To address this gap, we created the Noetic Experiences and Beliefs Scale (NEBS) which evaluates belief and experience as separate constructs.

Methods: The NEBS is a 20-item survey with 10 belief and 10 experience items rated on a visual analog scale from 0-100. In an observational study, the survey was administered to 361 general population adults in the United States and a subsample of 96 one month later. Validity, reliability and internal consistency were evaluated. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the latent variables of belief and experience. The survey was then administered to a sample of 646 IONS Discovery Lab participants to evaluate divergent validity and confirm belief and experience as latent variables of the model in a different population.

Results: The NEBS demonstrated convergent validity, reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha Belief 0.90; Experience 0.93) and test-retest reliability (Belief: r = 0.83; Experience: r = 0.77). A confirmatory factor analysis model with belief and experience as latent variables demonstrated a good fit. The factor model was confirmed as having a good fit and divergent validity was established in the sample of 646 IONS Discovery Lab participants.

Conclusions: The NEBS is a short, valid, and reliable instrument for evaluating paranormal belief and experience.
Adhesive systems effect over bond strength of resin-infiltrated and de/remineralized enamel
Authors: Borges Alessandra Buhler , Abu Hasna Amjad , Matuda Amanda Guedes Nogueira , Lopes Stephanie Ribeiro , Mafetano Ana Paula Valente Pinho , Arantes Aline , Duarte Angélica Ferreira , Barcellos Daphne Camara , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Pucci Cesar Rogério
Published: October 2019

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different bonding agents on bond-strength to demineralized enamel after remineralizing treatments and resin infiltration.

Methods:Buccal enamel of 120 bovine incisors was polished and then were divided into five experimental groups: SE (sound enamel); DE (demineralized enamel); AS (demineralized enamel immersed in artificial saliva for eight weeks); NaF (demineralized enamel treated with 0.05% sodium fluoride solution (one minute) for eight weeks); Ic (demineralized enamel infiltrated with a low-viscosity resin (Icon-DGM). These groups were subdivided according to adhesive system used: self-etching adhesive Adper Easy One (3M/ESPE) and etch-and-rinse adhesive Single Bond (3M/ESPE). The composite resin blocks were fabricated using a Teflon matrix. A thermomechanical cycling machine was used to carry out the artificial aging of the specimens and thus were sectioned into sticks. The microtensile tests were performed using a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. Data (in MPa) were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (5%).

Results: Significant differences were found for both factors tested and interactions (p<0.05). Tukey’s test results of µTBS (mean ± SD) were: etch-and-rinse SE (28.79±3.93); DE (30.41±7.22); AS (29.03±3.33); NaF (29.81±4.06)a; Ic (29.47±5.5);  and self-etching SE (30.37±6.96); DE (14.62±4.47); AS (9.79±2.32); NaF (9.36±2.31); Ic (30.78±8.68).  

Conclusions:Resin infiltration did not affect the bond strength of demineralized enamel for both adhesive systems tested. For etch-and-rinse adhesive, no differences were observed for the tested groups. For self-etching adhesive, only the resin-infiltrated group showed similar bond strength to sound enamel. Both etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesive systems can be used in resin-infiltrated enamel, if a composite restoration needs to be further performed. In enamel that has undergone the de/remineralization process, the use of a total-etch adhesive might be preferable for the restorative procedure.
Zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030: insights from modelling
Authors:   WHO Rabies Modelling Consortium
Published: October 2019

Dog-mediated rabies continues to kill tens of thousands of people every year in low- and middle-income countries despite being an entirely vaccine-preventable disease. WHO and partners have launched a global campaign to reach zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030. The primary tools for reaching this target are mass dog vaccination to control and interrupt transmission in domestic dog populations that maintain infection, and appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for rabies-exposed persons to prevent the fatal onset of disease. Models have been developed to assess the feasibility, impact and cost-effectiveness of these measures. From these models, we argue that the 2030 target of zero human rabies deaths is achievable, but will require concerted effort, engagement and investment. A proposed Gavi investment in human rabies vaccines has potential to drive progress towards the 2030 target; however, concomitant investment is needed to scale up mass dog vaccination or this target will be missed. Predicted economic benefits of mass dog vaccination vary according to national PEP provisioning and access to care. Integrated Bite Case Management can enhance surveillance and rationalize PEP use, but needs adapting to and integrating within local health systems and international reporting systems to improve PEP accountability, monitor impacts and support verification of disease freedom. Modelling is required for projecting more realistic and geographically specific timelines for achieving targets, in line with the implementation of interventions. The greatest risk to the ‘Zero by 30’ strategy is the limited long-term cross-sectoral or targeted financing to support countries to deliver and sustain mass dog vaccination.
Factors influencing participation in controlled human infection models: a pooled analysis from six enteric fever studies
Authors: Oguti Blanche , Gibani Malick , Darlow Christopher , Waddington Claire S , Jin Celina , Plested Emma , Campbell Danielle , Jones Claire , Darton Tom C , Pollard Andrew J
Published: October 2019

Background: Enteric fever is an acute febrile-illness caused by infection with the human-restricted Salmonella serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Controlled human infection models (CHIM) of S. Typhi and Paratyphi infection are used to accelerate vaccine development and to better understand host-pathogen interactions. The primary motivations for participants to take part in these studies are unknown. We studied participant motivations, attitudes and the factors influencing CHIM study participation.

Methods: Participant surveys were nested in six enteric fever CHIM studies conducted at a single centre in Oxford, UK, between 2011 and 2017. All eligible participants received one invitation to complete an anonymous, self-administered paper or online survey on either day 28 or 60 after challenge. A descriptive analysis was performed on these pooled data. All studies were included, to minimize selection bias.

Results: Survey response rates varied from 33.0%-86.1%, yielding 201 participants. In the cohort, 113/198(57.0%) were educated to bachelor’s level, 61.6% were employed, 30.3% were students and 4.6% were unemployed. The most commonly cited motivations for CHIM study participation were a desire to contribute to the progression of medicine (170/201; 84.6%); the prospect of financial reimbursement (166/201; 82.6%) and curiosity about clinical trials (117/201; 57.2%). The majority of respondents (139/197; 70.6%) reported that most people advised them against participation.

Conclusion: Motivation to participate in a CHIM study was multi-factorial and heavily influenced by internal drivers beyond monetary reimbursement alone. High educational attainment and employment may be protective factors against financial inducement; however, further research is needed, particularly with CHIM studies expanding to low-income and middle-income countries.
CD133 and CD166 as stem cell markers for predicting the possibility of developing prostatic cancer in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: I. Noel Khalida , M. Ibraheem Mustafa , S. Ahmed Basim , F. Hameed Ahmed , H. Khamees Nibras , S. Akkila Sameh
Published: October 2019

Benign and malignant prostatic diseases are generally well-known in the world. Accordingly, this research is planned to assess the immunohistochemical analysis of CD133 and CD166 in the prostatic epithelium in samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and normal looking epithelium around prostatic adenocarcinoma samples (PCa) and to explore the opportunity of malignant alterations in benign tissue. The prostate samples were divided into 2 groups; 50 BPH samples, and 50 normally looking tissue surrounding prostatic carcinoma samples (NPCA). The samples were treated for immunohistochemical examination of CD133 and CD166. Over expression of CD133 appeared in the BPH group which was statistically significant as compared to NPCA group. Conversely, over expression of CD166 stem cell marker in NPCA group than BPH group as it was significant statistically. CD166 is a stem cell marker for tissue tumorigenicity, while the positive expression of CD133 is not of value for cancer initiation.
Induksi pemijahan ikan wader pari (Rasbora argyrotaenia) menggunakan Ovaprim TM dengan dosis berbeda
Authors: Ningrum Dwi Retna Kumala , Budi Darmawan Setia , Sulmartiwi Laksmi
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Silver rasbora (Rasbora argyrotaenia) has become one of the freshwater culture commodities that have high economic value. Research on the use of Ovaprim™ to the induction of spawning of silver rasbora needs to be done as an effort to develop the technology of fish hatchery. This study aims to determine the effect of using Ovaprim™ and its optimal dosage on the induction of silver rasbora spawning. This research was conducted at the Wet Laboratory Airlangga University Banyuwangi campus in March to May 2018. Ovaprim ™ was applicated using intramuscular injection method following the treatment design was used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications namely P0: Without Ovaprim ™ (control); P1: dose of 0,3 mL /kg fish weight; P2: dose of 0,5 mL/kg fish weight; P3: dose of 0,7 mL/kg weight of fish. The parameters observed in this study were fecundity, egg diameter, fertilization rate, hatching rate and larval survival rate. Induction of silver rasbora spawning using Ovaprim ™ has an effect on fecundity and fertilization rate but has no effect on hatching rate, survival rate and egg diameter. The optimal dose of Ovaprim ™ on the induction of spawning of silver rasbora is 0,7 mL/kg weight of fish with the highest fecundity value compared to other treatments.Keywords: fecundity, egg diameter, hatching rate, survival rate Abstrak. Ikan wader pari (Rasbora argyrotaenia) telah menjadi salah satu komoditas budidaya air tawar yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Penelitian mengenai penggunaan Ovaprim™ dalam induksi pemijahan ikan wader pari perlu dilakukan sebagai upaya pengembangan teknologi pembenihan ikan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan Ovaprim™ dan menentukan dosis optimalnya pada induksi pemijahan ikan wader pari. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Basah PSDKU Universitas Airlangga Banyuwangi pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2018. Aplikasi Ovaprim™ menggunakan metode injeksi intramuskular mengikuti desain perlakuan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan yaitu P0 : Tanpa pemberian Ovaprim™ (kontrol), P1 : dosis 0,3 mL/kg bobot ikan, P2 : dosis 0,5 mL/kg bobot ikan, P3 : dosis 0,7 mL/kg bobot ikan. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah fekunditas, diameter telur, derajat fertilisasi, derajat penetasan telur dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva. Induksi pemijahan ikan wader pari menggunakan Ovaprim™ memberikan pengaruh terhadap fekunditas dan derajat fertilisasi namun tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap derajat penetasan telur, tingkat kelangsungan dan diameter telur. Dosis optimal Ovaprim™ pada induksi pemijahan ikan wader pari yaitu 0,7 mL/ kg bobot ikan dengan nilai fekunditas tertinggi dibanding perlakuan lainnya.   Kata kunci: fekunditas, diameter telur, derajat penetasan telur, tingkat kelangsungan hidup
Atherogenic characteristics of oral sugar-reducing sulfonylurea derivatives
Authors: Maxumova M. A. , Sobenin I. A. , Balabolkin M. I. , Orekhov A. N.
Published: October 2019

The authors have examined the effects of sulfonylurea drugs glybenclamide and glypizide and of their analogs manilil and minidiab on cholesterol levels in murine peritoneal macrophages. Both glybenclamide and glypizide had a direct atherogenic effect on cultured murine peritoneal macrophages. A similar effect was observed in vivo: blood sera of diabetics after a single intake of 5 mg of manilil or minidiab increased the atherogenic potential of cultured murine peritoneal macrophages.
Édito
Authors: De Herde André
Published: October 2019

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Citation : "Édito", lieuxdits#1, juin 2011, pp.3-4.

Bibliographie :

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Apprendre à regarder pour voir
Authors: Houdé Joëlle , Claeys Damien
Published: October 2019

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Citation : Joëlle Houdé et Damien Claeys, "Apprendre à regarder pour voir", lieuxdits#1, UCLouvain - Louvain-la-Neuve : Faculté LOCI, juin 2011, pp.13-17.

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L'urbanisme comme dimension de l'architecture
Authors: De Visscher Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2019

Plus qu’une architecture professionnelle réduite au respect de règles urbanistiques prédéfinies, ou même qu’une architecture militante expérimentant des réponses aux enjeux sociaux et environnementaux par-delà les normes, une architecture fondée sur l’étude des morphologies territoriales, de leur caractère conditionnant et de leur potentialités alternatives touche aux fondements de l’urbanisme.
Images concrètes ou la célébration de l'ambigüité
Authors: Haubruge Corentin
Published: October 2019

Des travaux spéculatifs sur la représentation de l’atmosphère intérieure des projets non construits de P. Zumthor et sur le projet construit du Keramis (La Louvière) sont entrepris pour postuler que l’image est avant tout au service de la fabrication d’une intention d’auteur de projet. Une méthodologie de photographie de maquettes est mise en œuvre afin de supporter cet enjeu.
Etat de crise
Authors: Stillemans Jean
Published: October 2019

La crise actuelle a été causée, pour partie, par un imaginaire de l’habitat individuel qui règne à l’horizon des occidentaux. Nous, architectes, urbanistes, avons partie liée à cet imaginaire. Plus : nous avons la responsabilité d’éclairer la compréhension des causes de la crise et de (re)construire un imaginaire de l’habiter positif qui ne soit pas vecteur critique de destruction massive.
Penser (à partir de) l'architecture
Authors: Roose Marie-Clotilde , Matthu Roland
Published: October 2019

Interviews de Jean-Louis Genard, René Borruey et Jean-Jacques Wunenburger suivant leur participation au séminaire de recherche « Penser (à partir de) l’Architecture », sur les thèmes de la réflexivité et de la poétique. Article co-écrit avec Roland Matthu.
SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE VERSUS JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA SAÚDE NO BRASIL
Authors: Oliveira Anselmo Gomes de , Silveira Damaris
Published: October 2019

De acordo com o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), a população brasileira, em 2019, é estimada em mais de 210 milhões depessoas, que estão distribuídas, de forma muito heterogênea, em uma área de mais de 8,5 milhões Km2. Dessa forma, a saúde pública no Brasil constitui um cenário bastante complexo, no que se refere ao acesso da população ao serviço e ao número de profissionais de Saúde, principalmente em áreas mais remotas e comunidades menos assistidas.
LEVANTAMENTO DOS FITOTERÁPICOS COMERCIALIZADOS EM UMA FARMÁCIA DO MUNICÍPIO DE CERRO LARGO, RS, BRASIL E INFORMAÇÕES TERAPÊUTICAS DAS PRINCIPAIS ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS ATIVAS
Authors: Da Silva Elisa , Francescato Leandro Nicolodi
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento dos fitoterápicos industrializados e magistrais mais comercializados em uma Farmácia, do município de Cerro Largo, RS, e buscar as informações terapêuticasdas espécies vegetais ativas presentes nos principais produtos. Para isto, foi realizado o levantamento retrospectivo de vendas dos produtos fitoterápicos industrializados e magistrais, comercializados no ano de2016. Durante o período avaliado foram dispensadas 986 unidades de fitoterápicos industrializados, compreendendo 57 tipos de produtos e produzidas 144 unidades de fitoterápicos magistrais, compreendendo 8 tipos de produtos (1,74% e 1,5% do valor líquido de vendas de medicamentos industrializados e produtos manipulados, respectivamente). Dezoito espécies vegetais estiveram mais presentes nos produtos industrializados comercializados, representando 91,3% do total de unidades comercializadas; 5 espécies estiveram mais presentes na produção magistral, representando 89,6% do total de unidades manipuladas. A comercialização de fitoterápicos era pequena e a maior parte dos produtos comercializados concentravam-se em poucas espécies vegetais. Assim, neste trabalho, foram compiladas as informações terapêuticas das 21 espécies vegetais ativas principais. Muitas delas apresentam importantes efeitos adversos, contraindicações e interações, sendo estas informações de suma importância para a orientação do farmacêutico aos usuários quanto ao uso correto e adequado dos produtos fitoterápicos.
The development of South African higher education within the apartheid system (1948-1994) – selected aspects
Authors: Gmerek Tomasz
Published: October 2019

The article include the consideration of development of South African Higher Education System in Apartheid Era (1948-1994). Particular emphasis was placed on reconstructing educational practices and policy that is implemented toward different racial groups in South Africa. An attempt was made at examining the relationship between schooling, segregation processes, discrimination practices and the development of higher education institutions.
Schools of the Basilian Sisters in Jaworów during the Galician autonomy 1867-1918
Authors: Kudła Lucyna
Published: October 2019

In the second half of the nineteenth century, Galicia became an autonomous province in Austria-Hungary. In addition to political reforms, changes in education were proposed. The Polish language and teaching Poland’s history were introduced to schools. Private schools for girls were also founded with the objective of raising their level of education and preparing them for academic studies. Schools run by religious congregations played a significant role here. The schools were run mainly by Catholic orders including the Basilian Sisters of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (Ordo Sancti Basilii Magni). They had their convent in Jaworów in Galicia where they established an elementary school, a teachers’ school and a boarding school for girls. Ukrainian was the language of instruction. These religious schools operated according to the same principles as state schools, taught the same subjects and used the same textbooks. School authorities carried out inspections of religious schools on an annual basis. The schools enjoyed a good reputation and offered a high level of education.