bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic KRAS engages an RSK1/NF1 pathway to inhibit wild-type RAS signaling in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Cheng Derek K. , Oni Tobiloba E. , Thalappillil Jennifer S. , Park Youngkyu , Ting Hsiu-Chi , Alagesan Brinda , Prasad Nadia V. , Addison Kenneth , Rivera Keith D. , Pappin Darryl J. , Van Aelst Linda , Tuveson David A.
Published: May 2021

Significance

For decades, KRAS interactors have been sought after as potential therapeutic targets in KRAS mutant cancers, especially pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our proximity labeling screen with KRAS in PDAC cells highlights RSK1 as a notable mutant-specific interactor. Functionally, we show that RSK1 mediates negative feedback on wild-type (WT) KRAS in PDAC cells. Targeting oncogenic KRAS eliminates the negative feedback on WT RAS and highlights a role for WT RAS signaling in promoting adaptive resistance to mutant KRAS ablation.
The persistent threat of emerging plant disease pandemics to global food security
Authors: Ristaino Jean B. , Anderson Pamela K. , Bebber Daniel P. , Brauman Kate A. , Cunniffe Nik J. , Fedoroff Nina V. , Finegold Cambria , Garrett Karen A. , Gilligan Christopher A. , Jones Christopher M. , Martin Michael D. , MacDonald Graham K. , Neenan Patricia , Records Angela , Schmale David G. , Tateosian Laura , Wei Qingshan
Published: May 2021

Plant disease outbreaks are increasing and threaten food security for the vulnerable in many areas of the world. Now a global human pandemic is threatening the health of millions on our planet. A stable, nutritious food supply will be needed to lift people out of poverty and improve health outcomes. Plant diseases, both endemic and recently emerging, are spreading and exacerbated by climate change, transmission with global food trade networks, pathogen spillover, and evolution of new pathogen lineages. In order to tackle these grand challenges, a new set of tools that include disease surveillance and improved detection technologies including pathogen sensors and predictive modeling and data analytics are needed to prevent future outbreaks. Herein, we describe an integrated research agenda that could help mitigate future plant disease pandemics.
Hydrodynamic shear dissipation and transmission in lipid bilayers
Authors: Amador Guillermo J. , van Dijk Dennis , Kieffer Roland , Aubin-Tam Marie-Eve , Tam Daniel
Published: May 2021

Significance

Lipid bilayers constitute the matrix of cellular membranes and synthetic vesicles used in drug delivery. This self-assembled structure is only a few nanometers thick but provides an effective barrier between aqueous fluids. The response of lipid bilayers to shear stresses induced by surrounding fluid flows can trigger biophysical processes in cells and influence the efficacy of drug delivery by synthetic vesicles. Here, we use optical tweezers to apply and measure local hydrodynamic shear stresses on both sides of a freestanding lipid bilayer. With this method, we determine the rheological properties of bilayers and capture a previously unreported phenomenon when the intermonolayer friction is so low that the monolayers slip past each other and hydrodynamic shear is not transmitted through the bilayer.
Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila).
Authors: Ioriatti Claudio , Stacconi Marco , Anfor Gianfranco
Published: May 2021

The fruit fly D. suzukii is a fruit crop pest and is a serious economic threat to soft summer fruit. A polyphagous pest, it infests a wide range of fruit crops, included grape, as well as an increasing number of wild fruits. D. suzukii is an economically damaging pest because the females are able to infest thin-skinned fruits before harvest and the larvae destroy the fruit pulp by feeding. The species is endemic in Asia. It was first recorded as invasive in Hawaii in 1980 and then simultaneously in California and in Europe in 2008. Since 2008 it has spread rapidly throughout the temperate regions of North America and Europe, due to global trade and the initial lack of regulation over the spread of any Drosophila. This species has a high reproductive rate and short generation time; D. suzukii can theoretically have up to 13 generations per year, which may contribute towards rapid spread, given available suitable hosts. D. suzukii is listed on the EPPO alert list.
Agropyron mosaic virus (Agropyron mosaic virus).
Authors: Stewart Lucy , Hodge Brian
Published: May 2021

AgMV has been reported in North America and Europe and is not considered a major pathogen on wheat, although it has pathogenic potential if present at high incidences (Slykhuis, 1962a). AgMV is transmitted by the widely distributed eriophyid mite Abacarus hystrix and can be mechanically transmitted by rub-inoculation with infected plant sap experimentally. No clear evidence is available of AgMV increasing in distribution.
Antibodies against human endogenous retrovirus K102 envelope activate neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tokuyama Maria , Gunn Bronwyn M. , Venkataraman Arvind , Kong Yong , Kang Insoo , Rakib Tasfia , Townsend Michael J. , Costenbader Karen H. , Alter Galit , Iwasaki Akiko
Published: May 2021

Neutrophil activation and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are hallmarks of innate immune activation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we report that the expression of an endogenous retrovirus (ERV) locus ERV-K102, encoding an envelope protein, was significantly elevated in SLE patient blood and correlated with autoantibody levels and higher interferon status. Induction of ERV-K102 in SLE negatively correlated with the expression of epigenetic silencing factors. Anti-ERV-K102 IgG levels in SLE plasma correlated with higher interferon stimulated gene expression, and further promoted enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis of ERV-K102 envelope protein through immune complex formation. Finally, phagocytosis of ERV-K102 immune complexes resulted in the formation of NETs consisting of DNA, neutrophil elastase, and citrullinated histone H3. Together, we identified an immunostimulatory ERV-K envelope protein that in an immune complex with SLE IgG is capable of activating neutrophils.
Model Organisms for Studying Decision-Making: A Phylogenetically Expanded Perspective
Authors: Huang Linus Ta-Lun , Bich Leonardo , Bechtel William
Published: May 2021

This article explores the use of model organisms in studying the cognitive phenomenon of decision-making. Drawing on the framework of biological control to develop a skeletal conception of decision-making, we show that two core features of decision-making mechanisms can be identified by studying model organisms, such asE. coli, jellyfish,C. elegans, lamprey, and so on. First, decision mechanisms are distributed and heterarchically structured. Second, they depend heavily on chemical information processing, such as that involving neuromodulators. We end by discussing the implications for studying distinctively human decision-making.
Adaptive Design, Contingency, and Ontological Principles for Limited Beings
Authors: Brooks Daniel S.
Published: May 2021

Transcendental arguments are not popular in contemporary philosophy of science. They are typically seen as antinaturalistic and incapable of providing explanatory force in accounting for natural phenomena. However, when viewed as providing (certain types of) intelligibility to complicated concepts used in scientific reasoning, a concrete and productive role is recoverable for transcendental reasoning in philosophy of science. In this article I argue that the resources, and possibly the need, for such a role are available within a thoroughly naturalistic framework garnered from the work of Hasok Chang and William Wimsatt.
Mechanical Jurisprudence and Domain Distortion: How Predictive Algorithms Warp the Law
Authors: Pruss Dasha
Published: May 2021

The value-ladenness of computer algorithms is typically framed around issues of epistemic risk. In this article, I examine a deeper sense of value-ladenness: algorithmic methods are not only themselves value-laden but also introduce value into how we reason about their domain of application. I call this domain distortion. In particular, using insights from jurisprudence, I show that the use of recidivism risk assessment algorithms (1) presupposes legal formalism and (2) blurs the distinction between liability assessment and sentencing, which distorts how the domain of criminal punishment is conceived and provides a distinctive avenue for values to enter the legal process.
From Fly Detectors to Action Control: Representations in Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Rusanen Anna-Mari , Lappi Otto , Pekkanen Jami , Kuokkanen Jesse
Published: May 2021

According to radical enactivists, cognitive sciences should abandon the representational framework. Perceptuomotor cognition and action control are often provided as paradigmatic examples of nonrepresentational cognitive phenomena. In this article, we illustrate how motor and action control are studied in research that uses reinforcement learning algorithms. Crucially, this approach can be given a representational interpretation. Hence, reinforcement learning provides a way to explicate action-oriented views of cognitive systems in a representational way.
Experimental evaluation of uncertainty in sub-nanometer metrology using transmission electron microscopy due to magnification variation
Authors: Kobayashi Keita , Misumi Ichiko , Yamamoto Kazuhiro
Published: May 2021

Uncertainties due to the magnification variation in sub-nanometer metrology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were experimentally evaluated by comparing the measured values of the (220) lattice spacing of a crystalline Si specimen acquired under various conditions. Interday variation of the magnification, intraday repeatability, rotation of the TEM image, specimen exchange, specimen position, defocusing, magnetic hysteresis of the lenses, projection lens distortion, and measurement errors were considered as the uncertainty components. The obtained results reveal that the major uncertainty components are the interday magnification variation, intraday repeatability involving nonuniformity of the specimen structure, magnetic hysteresis of the intermediate lenses, and projection lens distortion. Among these components, it is expected to be feasible to suppress the interday magnification variation to a negligible level by daily magnification calibration, suggesting that minimizing the uncertainties due to magnetic hysteresis of the intermediate lenses, projection lens distortion, and nonuniformity of the specimen structure will be the key factor for further reducing the uncertainty of sub-nanometer metrology using TEM. Furthermore, we found that magnification calibration using an appropriate reference material (e.g. the lattice fringes of crystalline Si) before every measurement should enables sub-nanometer metrology with a relative uncertainty of 3.2%, even if the specimen is introduced into the TEM system by specimen exchange after magnification calibration.
Using a simplified ripple tank and video analysis to visualise and quantify the Doppler effect
Authors: Thy Savrin , Iwayama Tsutomu
Published: May 2021

This study presents an experimental method that illustrates and quantifies the Doppler-effect phenomenon. Two stages of the experimental process were carried out. First, a simplified ripple tank was used to depict the Doppler effect, and the whole experiment was recorded by a digital camera. Second, video analyses of the recorded experiment were conducted to quantify the Doppler effect. The experiment showed (a) that the Doppler-shift waves can be visualised clearly using the simplified ripple tank, and (b) that the observed number of waves in such an experiment is consistent with the theoretically expected number, with an error rate of less than 5%. This study proves that using a video-recorded ripple tank experiment to teach and learn the phenomenon of the Doppler effect can be highly efficient, because the method provides clear visualisation and accurate quantification of the Doppler effect.
GV m−1 on-chip particle accelerator driven by few-cycle femtosecond laser pulse
Authors: Sun Li , Liu Weihao , Zhou Jie , Zhu Yunliang , Yu Zijia , Liu Yucheng , Jia Qika , Sun Baogen , Xu Hongliang
Published: May 2021

Particle accelerator on chip with high acceleration gradient has been an unremitting goal of researchers. Dielectric laser accelerator (DLA) is a possible candidate to achieve this goal. However, due to the limitation of dielectric breakdown, it is difficult for the available DLAs to reach an acceleration gradient as high as 1 GV m−1 since a long-duration multi-cycle laser pulse with high fluence have to be used. Here we propose to use a few-cycle laser pulse to drive a DLA based on the inverse Cherekov radiation effect. It significantly reduces the required pulse duration and the laser fluence, remarkably increasing the achievable acceleration gradient. Moreover, by using a cascade acceleration scheme, we realize a high energy-gain acceleration for low-energy electrons in a microscale device by simulation, which paves the way for the development of a fully on-chip particle accelerator.
A fully nonlinear solitary wave in six-component dusty cometary plasma
Authors: Bedeir Ahmed M , Abulwafa Essam M , Elhanbaly Atalla M , Mahmoud Abeer A
Published: May 2021

The dynamics of fully nonlinear structure of six-component dusty cometary plasma system with the help of Sagdeev pseudo-potential techniques have been investigated. This plasma system is made up of Oxygen (positively and negatively charged) ion pair, negatively charged dust particles, and kappa distributed ions of Hydrogen, hot solar electrons and slightly colder cometary electrons. The linear analysis is carried out and the linear dispersion relation is obtained and investigated with some relevant plasma parameters. As a result, the velocities in the fluid equations are normalized to a general acoustic speed instead of the particular form of acoustic speed. Employing pseudo-potential approach, the basic equations of plasma system were reduced to a single nonlinear ordinary differential equation (energy-balance). By means of Sagdeev potential curves and bifurcation analysis of phase-portrait, the existence and propagation of nonlinear waves are examined. In addition to the periodic solution, it is shown that the localized negative and positive amplitude electrostatic pulses may (co-) exist and propagate in plasma system depending on the Mach number intervals. The impact of some intrinsic plasma parameters on the main features of the solitary wave electrostatic potential profile and the associated electrostatic field are extensively investigated. The results of this research are relevant to plasmas in both laboratory plasmas and exclusively in space plasmas as, comet tails, rings of giant planets, solar wind, interstellar clouds, etc.
Effective field theory analysis of composite higgsino-like and wino-like thermal relic dark matter
Authors: Geytenbeek Ben , Gripaios Ben
Published: May 2021

We study the effective field theory (including operators up to
dimension five) of models in which dark matter is composite, consisting of
either an electroweak doublet Dirac fermion (`higgsino-like dark matter') or an
electroweak triplet Majorana fermion (`wino-like dark
matter'). Some of the dimension-five operators in the former case cause mass splittings
between the neutralino and chargino states, leading to a depleted rate
of coannihilations and viable thermal relic dark matter with masses of
the order of tens to hundreds of GeV rather than the usual pure higgsino thermal relic
mass of 1 TeV. No such effects are found in the latter case (where the usual thermal relic
mass is 3 TeV). Other operators, present for both wino- and higgsino-like dark matter, correspond to inelastic electromagnetic
dipole moment interactions and annihilation through these can lead to
viable models with dark matter masses up by an order of magnitude compared to the usual values.
Short communication – The first inventory of the nest placement of horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) in Indonesia
Authors: Aini N K , Wardiatno Y , Mashar A , Effendi H , Madduppa H
Published: May 2021

Previous studies have reported that extant horseshoe crabs, including Atlantic and Asian horseshoe crab, spawned in intertidal zone during high tide season. Limited information about spawning nest of the horseshoe crab especially Tachypleus gigas in Indonesia has not been known yet. Moreover, according to the IUCN, the conservation status of T. gigas is still data deficient. During the fieldwork, we found the location that indicated as the spawning ground or nest placement of T. gigas. This is the first time when the spawning area of horseshoe crab is found in Subang, Indonesia. There were three clutches of eggs and the total number was 375-534 eggs in varying depth (5-20 cm) below the sand. The second observation in the same location on January 16, 2020, found a pair of T. gigas laying their eggs and the number was 244 eggs in varying depth (5-15 cm). The characteristics of nest placement of T. gigas that found in Subang was located on the small island in the middle of the sea. The island is an uninhabited island that has mangrove area and sandy substrate. Thus, based on what was found Burung island indicated as the spawning ground of coastal horseshoe crab (T. gigas).
Bioaccumulation of non-essential heavy metals in fish in Ir H Djuanda Reservoir, West Java
Authors: Astuti L P , Warsa A , Nurfiarini A , Tjahjo D W H
Published: May 2021

Ir. H. Djuanda or Jatiluhur Reservoir dam the Citarum River, a heavily polluted river. The polluted river causing the pollution of water of the reservoir as well as the contamination of aquatic biota, including fish in the reservoir. The research aimed to determine the bioaccumulation of non-essential heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, and Cr) in fish of the reservoir. The research was conducted in July 2018. Water and sediment samples were taken from 4 stations representing parts of the Citarum River inlet, Cilalawi River inlet, and floating net cages area. Fish samples collected consist of wild fish and cultivated fish, namely carp, tilapia, and pangasius. The results showed that the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, and Cr were not detected in reservoir water. Heavy metals of Pb, Cd, and Cr detected in the sediment were 2.56-6.12; 0.04-0.08; and 2.621-6.,013 ppm respectively. Heavy metal detected in wild fish and cultivated fish were only Cr, ranged 0.039-0.205 ppm. The value of the Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF) was very low so that the fish belongs to the low accumulate category of heavy metals and therefore, it was safe for consumption.
The estimation of the coastal fisheries resources quantity based on waterbirds in the Ujung Pangkah Region, Gresik Regency, East Java
Authors: Budiman M A K , Kurniawan F , Zairion  , Damar A
Published: May 2021

Waterbirds are a group of birds that have a high dependence on natural and artificial aquatic habitats. Its existence indicates the availability of sufficient feed at that location. This is related to bird habitat preference, which always makes feed one of the basic things to fulfill their daily needs. The Ujung Pangkah area is an estuary habitat occupied by waterbirds, both resident and migratory birds. Therefore this area provides sufficient feedstock for the existing waterbirds. Most of the aquatic bird feed is aquatic animals that live in aquatic ecosystems. This research is expected to provide a general description of the relationship between waterbirds and the number of fishery resources. The research was conducted in November 2019 in six locations in the Ujung Pangkah Region, Gresik Regency, East Java. The study results found that the waterbird population’shighest density of the was found in Kalianyar with a density of 3,878.98 ind/ha. In line with this, Kalianyar has become a high location for stocks of fishery resources. A total of 8,880,000 ind/ha benthic and 29.30 ind/ha necton were found in this location.
Effect of burrows of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Class Actinopterygii Family Gobiidae) on total organic matter in the mangrove ecosystem of Pandansari Brebes, Central Java
Authors: Cintra A K A , Fitrian T , Oktaviyani S , Subandi R , Pesilette R N
Published: May 2021

B. pectinirostris constructs different shapes of burrows on the surface of the sediment because of different functions. This study was to determine the effect of burrows on total organic matter (TOM) on the sediment surface in the mangrove ecosystem in Pandansari Brebes, Central Java. Sampling was divided into mangrove areas and muddy beach areas. The shape of the burrows was visually observed in a year. TOM was taken from inside and outside the burrow in June and September using a syringe and analyzed by the LOI method. B. pectinirostris had circular burrow openings at the same height as the ground surface. At the mouth of the burrow, there were traces of fish coming in and out. The diameter of the burrows was around 3-4cm in the muddy beach area and 2-9cm in the mangrove area. TOM in the mangrove area inside the burrow was 9,034±0,851% and outside was 8,470%±0,967% and in the muddy beach area inside the burrow was 8,754%±0,476% and outside was 8,558%±0,924%. There was no difference in TOM inside and outside the burrow in the two areas (P>0.05). It is likely caused by the locomotion of fish and tidal stirring, so the burrows do not function as a TOM trap.
An evaluation of grouper and snapper fisheries management policy in Saleh Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Efendi D S , Adrianto L , Yonvitner  , Wardiatno Y
Published: May 2021

In the policy context, managing grouper and snapper fisheries resources for sustainability is a big challenge due to the complexity of small-scale fisheries in Saleh Bay. This study implemented two analytical methods: length-based analysis and ecosystem approach to fisheries assessment to evaluate the performance of the implementation of the grouper and snapper fisheries management in Saleh Bay. The results showed after policy implementation, the mean length of species has been slightly larger and three species already reached the spawning potential ratio (SPR) target reference point. However, two of the 11 species regulated had SPR values below the limit reference point, which indicated that these species are currently fished at unsustainable levels. Overall, the assessment of fishery risk index indicated the risk status of this fisheries in the category of moderate risk, 1.185, in which two dimensions need to be improved: socio-economy and habitat. Therefore, this study highlighted leverage points to achieve ‘good’ performance level, such as socialization program intensively, enforcing regulation to provincial regulation, strengthening the surveillance and law enforcement of destructive fishing practices, empowerment of local institutions by co-management, and rehabilitation of coral reef ecosystems.
Evidence of residential area of whale sharks in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Farid M F , Hariyadi S , Kamal M M , Susanto H A
Published: May 2021

Saleh Bay is one of the locations where whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) occurrence observed in Indonesia and can be found all year round. Whale sharks broadly distributed throughout tropical and sub-tropical waters of the world’s oceans. Immature male is less than 7 m long, while female is less than 10 m, mostly tend to coastal habitat related. Result of research by Conservation International presented at International Whale Shark Conference in Australia in 2019, Whale Sharks in Saleh Bay had home movement patterns. This study aims to prove that Saleh Bay is the residential area of the whale shark. This study was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020. The Photo-ID data obtained were compared with CI’s Saleh Bay Whale Shark ID Catalog data which last update on April 2020. Surface temperature was measured directly in the range of 29-320C, data for chlorophyll-a were taken from marine.copernicus.eu and bathymetry from cmap.ihms.us then interpolated using QGIS 3.10 software. From this study period, 24 Photo-IDs were obtained from 39 whale sharks, which identified as 23 males, 1 female, and 6 were new individuals from June 2019 to April 2020. The size of the whale sharks recorded in this study ranged from 2,5 to 7 m with 4,86 m in average, and considered as juveniles.
The condition of the coral reef ecosystem in Natuna Island
Authors: Febrianto T , Siringoringo R M , Putra R D , Kurniawan D , Sari N W P , Jumsurizal  , Khairunnisa  , Firdaus M , Abrar M
Published: May 2021

Three groups of marine biotas in the coral reef ecosystem were analyzed to determine the overall condition coral reef ecosystem in Natuna Island (coral, reef fish, and megabenthos). Nineteen sampling sites are distributed completely in Natuna Island, including Natuna Besar Island, Tiga Island, and Sedanau Island. The coral reef monitoring refers to the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT), and data processing used the Coral Point Count for excel (CPCe). The reef fish observation using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) and megabenthos observations using the Benthos Belt Transect (BBT). The percentage of the benthic cover was analyzed for several benthic categories. The analysis for reef fish consisted of diversity and abundance for the three fish groups, including the corallivore, herbivore, and carnivore. The megabenthos community’s analysis consisted of diversity and density from eight groups, including giant clams, lobster, Drupella sp., Linckia laevigata, sea urchin, sea cucumber, trochus, and Acanthaster planci. The Coral Reef Health Index (CRHI) analysis was used to determines the coral reef condition in Natuna. Nine sites were categorized as the fair condition of live coral cover with 26.53–36.87%. The largest composition of coral reef fish groups from herbivorous groups and the highest density megabenthos was sea urchins.
Improving genetic quality of cultivated aquatic species under a breeding program: Case study of first generation (G1) population of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp)
Authors: Gunadi B , Robisalmi A , Lamanto
Published: May 2021

A body weight based selection protocol is the most common practice in the genetic improvement programs for aquaculture species. It might be one of the criteria to be considered in the aquatic resources management scheme. This experiment aimed to evaluate the genetic enhancement of selected first-generation (G1) of red tilapia. Fish were bred under fullsib mating design at hapa of 2×2 m2. The communal growing out of fingerlings was carried out in an earthen pond for 120 days. The stocking density of fingerlings was 7 fish per m2. Fish were fed with commercial floating fish feed at a rate of 5-10% of biomass twice a day. The results showed that the population of males and females of red tilapia in the first generation (G1) grew faster than the previous generation (G0). The selection response values were 19.52 % and 12.05 % for male and female populations, respectively. The heritability values in male and female red tilapia populations were in the medium category with a value of 0.33 and 0.25, respectively. The results showed that the breeding program increased the genetic quality of fish in terms of body weight based growth in the first generation of red tilapia.
Alteration of inflammation cytokines in lipopolysaccharide – activated lymphocyte by crude extract of taurine from sea slug Paraonchidium via down-regulation of NF-kB pathway
Authors: Hafiludin  , Andayani S , Kartikaningsih H , Firdaus M , Mojiono
Published: May 2021

Free amino acid taurine is found in sea slugs. It has been used as a preventive agent for cardiovascular disease and inflammatory disorders. Inflammation takes place in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as a specific inducer, which provokes activation of molecular signals controlling the development of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This current work investigated the effects of taurine extract from shell-less sea slugs on the inhibition of IFN-γ as pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-10 as anti-inflammatory cytokine in LPS-induced mice lymphocytes. The crude taurine was extracted using water solvent maceration of the sea slug’s mucus. Culture of mice splenocytes in RPMI-1640 medium underwent for 5 days and they were then analysed by flow cytometry. As the result, crude taurine extracts substantially suppressed NF-kB expression in T cells, found in all concentrations. The best inhibitory effect was attributed to 500 μg/mL, which was significantly different over control groups (p<0.05). Additionally, the extract inhibited expression of CD4+ IFN-γ
+ pro-inflammatory cytokines at 500 μg/mL• being stronger than inhibition by control (p<0.05), while it improved expression of CD4+IL-10+ anti-inflammatory cytokines at 500 μg/mL compared with control (p<0.05). Our experimental results indicated potential use of taurine crude extract isolated from sea slug Paraonchidium as anti-inflammatory agent from marine source.
Physico-chemical characteristics of Rhizopus sp.-fermented fish feed pellets containing black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) meal
Authors: Hariyono C M , Yunianta  , Harijono  , Sriherwanto C , Suja’i I , Nadaviana A , Junaedi H , Ma’hadah R , Komarudin
Published: May 2021

In aquaculture, feed cost contributes the highest share in the total production cost. The increase in fishmeal price and the high cost of commercial fish feeds have prompted the search for alternatives. Thus, considerable research has been carried out to develop a farm-made feed that requires simpler methods and cheaper production costs. This study aimed at developing farm-made fish feed using simple equipment, locally available materials, and inexpensive fungal-based bio-floating technique. A combination of using black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as a fishmeal replacement andRhizopussp. fermentation to provide floatability was used. An experiment using three differentRhizopussp. inoculum doses (1, 2, and 3% w/w) and 3 different fermentation duration (30, 40, and 50 h) were designed, with unfermented feed as control. Results showed that fermented floating feeds gained better nutritional value and physical characteristics (p<0.05). The optimized treatment resulted in a fermented feed with the protein content of 29.72%; fibre 12.13%; fat 26.57%; and ash 7.83%. Relative to the unfermented control, all of the fermentation treatments produced feeds with high average values of floating ability (83.33%) and water stability (92.38).
Preparing Indonesia for The Ocean Decade 2021-2030
Authors: Hastuti P , Abdurrahim A Y
Published: May 2021

The Ocean Decade 2021-2030 was declared at the end of 2017. The Decade Declaration is aimed at accelerating the resolution of various social-ecological issues facing the oceans collectively and holistically by involving multi-stakeholders: natural and social scientists, governments, NGOs, private parties, and local communities. Indonesia as a large maritime country must play an important role in this Decade, both as a provider and as a beneficiary. The aims of this paper are to (1) convey important things about the Ocean Decade and (2) provide recommendations for carrying out three types of research to prepare for the Ocean Decade. This exploratory study is conducted qualitatively, using a literature review of UNESCO official documents as well as various other literature, such as scientific journal articles. An interview with a key informant was conducted for initial stakeholder analysis. The results of the analysis and the recommendations are expected to be used to help various stakeholders in Indonesia prepare to take part in the implementation of ‘The Ocean Decade’.
Polyculture seaweed Gracilaria sp. and milkfish in the pond
Authors: Hendrajat E A , Ratnawati E
Published: May 2021

Seaweed Gracilaria sp. and milkfish are euryhaline fishery commodities. Both of these commodities can be cultivated by polyculture in ponds. Polyculture is a mixed cultivation technology between two or more commodities that can increase aquaculture production and provide value added cultivators as it can harvest several products in one season. Polyculture seaweed Gracilaria sp. and milkfish are done at Marana Experimental Pond Installation, Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture, Maros South Sulawesi with extensive technology system, using 1 plot of pond size 10,000 m2. Preparation of the pond begins with the repair of dikes, patching leaks and repair of sluices. Next is draining ponds, eradicating pests with 20 ppm saponin, pond flushing, subsequent fertilizing and preparation of water for dispersal. Initial fertilization is done by using Urea and TSP fertilizers with doses of 100 and 50 kg/ha. Seaweed seed stocking in ponds as much as 2,000 kg/ha was done in March using a broadcast method, i.e., seed stocked in all parts of ponds. The milkfish seeds are also stocked with a dense stocking of 1,000 tails/ha. The first harvest of seaweed can be done after the maintenance period of 3.5 months. The next harvest can be done every 30-45 days. Total production of dried seaweed reached 8,284 kg/ha (5 times harvest/year) and milkfish harvest reached 375 kg/ha.
Physiochemical property of wastewater discharged from smoked fish industry around fishponds area in Penatarsewu Village, Sidoardjo, East Java
Authors: Kusumanti I , Yulianti W , Jannah N
Published: May 2021

One form of fishery product diversification is in the form of smoked fish product, favored by the community because it has a delicious aroma and distinctive taste. Most fish smoked processes in Indonesia are traditionally carried out on a small scale (household) using simple tools that do not pay attention to sanitation and hygienic aspects. The huge potential for smoked fish is often seen as a source of pollutants that the local community complains about because its activities are considered to have an impact on health and environmental changes. This research objective aims to identify the physicochemical parameter of waste contained in smoked fish processing activities at Alo River, Penatarsewu Village, Sidoardjo Regency, East Java. Research conducts from September-November 2020, with direct sampling method of wastewater, a disposal site for fish smoking waste by determining the wastewater sample stations along the river, guided by the direction of the flow. Physicochemical properties including pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, and COD were analyzed by Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The result showed pH effluent was within the intolerance limit of 6-9. The highest TDS and TSS are showing by sample 9 were higher than the threshold limit value. The value TDS in sampling point 6 to 9 shows the TDS value was higher than the threshold limit value. The concentration of BOD and COD in the effluent sampling points 8 and 9 were higher with permission limit value Government Regulation, The Republic of Indonesia (PPRI) No. 82, 2001. It is caused by the presence of heavy equipment used as dredging activity along the river carried out by the local government. This indicates that pollution from fish smoking activities in Penatarsewu Village can be said to be insignificant when compared to activities outside fisheries.
The colour preference of scalloped spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus
Authors: Lesmana D , Supriyono E , Junior M Z , Nirmala K , Jusadi D
Published: May 2021

The background colour of a tank can affect the intensity of light that is absorbed or reflected. The objective of this research is to evaluate the colour preference of the scalloped spiny lobsters. Colour preference observations were carried out every half hour for 24 h. The result showed the spiny lobster had a consistent preference for black background (> 35%) and aversion to yellow, white, blue, and green background (P <.05) in the day. In the dusk, the spiny lobster had a consistent preference for red background(> 25%) and aversion to black, yellow, white, blue, and green background (P > .05). In the night, the spiny lobster had a consistent preference to red background (> 30%) and aversion to white and yellow background (P <.05). The number of lobsters moving towards the red tank continues to increase in the night rather than the dusk. Nocturnal activity is still going on the dawn.
How to make the ally of inland fisheries and inland aquaculture: A review
Authors: Ma’ruf I , Kamal M M , Satria A , Sulistiono
Published: May 2021

Inland fisheries are a significant sector especially for those living in villages as a source of both nutritious yet affordable food and the community’s income. The increasing pressure on inland fisheries causes a reduction in the amount and size of fish caught as well as the rarity of some species of fish. One measure taken to intensify inland fisheries is by implementing inland aquaculture. Unlike any other controlled condition aquaculture, inland aquaculture is done with adjustment to the water condition. This study aims to describe characteristics of several inland waters of Ogan Komering Ilir regency, South Sumatera Province, Indonesia in particular as well as to provide a guideline for inland aquaculture based on the characteristics of the waters. The description is done by reviewing a number of academic journals and publications which are verified by academics and expert judgment. The main points in describing inland fisheries are water typology, fish resource, water quality, and social community characteristics. After analyzing the inputs from inland fishery characteristics based on the 4 main points previously mentioned, a guideline is created for conducting fish farming in terms of farming methods, seed selection, seed stocking criteria, and institutional arrangement in fish ownership issue.
Reproductive biology of hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1823) in Ranau Lake, Indonesia
Authors: Makmur S , Muthmainnah D , Subagdja  , Arfiati D , Bintoro G , Ekawati A W
Published: May 2021

One of the economically valuable consumption fish in Ranau Lake is the hampala barb (Hampala macrolepidota). Hampala barb is the top predator in Ranau Lake. The fish population is still quite a lot, but it is starting to decline. This study aimed to determine the reproductive biology of hampala barb in Ranau Lake. Ranau Lake is located in South Sumatra Province and Lampung Province, Indonesia. The research was conducted by the inventory survey method and laboratory analysis. Fish samples were obtained from fisher’s catch, where the fish were caught using gill nets with varying mesh sizes and harpoon. The fish were measured for length body and total weight. Then surgery was performed to determine their reproductive biological characteristics (sex, size of first gonad maturity, gonad maturity stage, Gonad Somatic Index, fecundity, and egg diameter). The results showed that the hampala barb in Ranau Lake laid the eggs throughout the year with a sex ratio of 1: 1, the size of the first stage of gonad maturity of male and female were 15.38 cm and 19.21 cm, fecundity between 17,406-63,793 eggs, and egg diameter between 0.8-1.9 mm. This reproductive biology information can be used for the management of hampala barb in Ranau Lake.
Spatial analysis of coastal and marine ecosystem services at Bima Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Munawar  , Adrianto L , Boer M , Imran Z
Published: May 2021

Bima Bay, as an ecosystem, is very interesting to understand in its relation between the changes in land use/land cover with ecosystem services. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of ecosystem services in Bima Bay. The data analysis methods used were: field surveys, independent interviews with stakeholders regarding the direction of development in the Bima Bay area, and spatial information sourced from relevant documents. The results showed that the highest ecological integrity index value was found in West Rasanae Sub-district at 0.5592 and the lowest integrity value was in Soromandi Sub-district at 0.3051. The highest value of the inventory service index was found in West Rasanae Sub-district at 0.1526 and the lowest was Soromandi Sub-district at 0.0981. The highest index value for regulating services was found in West Rasanae Sub-district at 0.3333 and the lowest was Soromandi Sub-district at 0.2119. The highest index value for culture services was 0.5143 and the lowest was Soromandi Sub-district at 0.2143. Meanwhile, the value of the index value of the Bima Bay ecosystem services budgets was -1.8138, this showed that human demand for ecosystem goods and services was greater than the ability to provide them (supply<demand).
Characterization of whole mitochondrial genome Amyda cartilaginea from Dharmasraya, West Sumatera
Authors: Munawaroh A N , Purnamasari L , Farajallah A
Published: May 2021

Previous data of the whole mitochondrial genome of soft-shelled turtle that it’s available in a public repository: Dogania subplana, Pelochelys cantorii, Chitra indica, Trionyx triunguis, Apalone spinifera, Rafetus swinhoei, and Pelodiscus sinensis. The first two species have natural distribution in Indonesia. Amyda cartilaginea is a species of soft-shelled turtle that is abundant in Indonesia. However, the whole mitochondrial genome data of A. cartilaginea is not available. This study aims to characterize the partial mitochondrial genome and analyze the phylogenetic position of A. cartilaginea. We reported almost complete mitochondrial genome of A. cartilaginea that caught from Batanghari river in Dharmasraya District, West Sumatera. The amplification of mitochondrial DNA fragments was performed using several primers designed following mitochondrial gene organization and sequence of D. subplana (Accession No AF366350). We sequenced half of the whole mitochondrial genome (7757 bp, 48%). The gene organization of the mitochondrial genome of A. cartilaginea was identic with D. subplana and P. cantorii. The phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16SrRNA revealed that the position of A. cartilaginea clustered with another soft-shelled turtle. Further study is needed to make a complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of A. cartilaginea, with special focus on the control region to be applied to sustainable wild population management.
Length-weight relationships and sex ratio of Selaroides leptolepis, Cuvier 1833 in Tomini Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Pasisingi N , Pramesthy T D , Musyali A
Published: May 2021

Selaroides leptolepis is one of the most common pelagic fish, which has high market demand in Gorontalo. This study aimed to provide growth patterns and sex ratio of S. leptolepis male and female inhabiting Tomini Bay, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted monthly for six months, from April 2020 to September 2020. A fish sample of 1168 was taken randomly from Tomini Bay fishers who landed their catch at Kampung Tenda Fish Landing Site, Gorontalo City. The length and weight of fish were measured using a ruler (nearest 1 mm) and an analytical scale (nearest 0.01 g) separately. The results showed that almost all captured exhibited positive allometric growth (b > 3) and tended to be plump, except for the female in May 2020. The sex ratio between males and females during the sampling periods was 1: 1.17, which means the population proportion is not balanced. Such data are essential for establishing fisheries management in Tomini Bay.
Phytoplankton performance in supporting primary productivity in the intensive culture system of vannamei shrimp
Authors: Pratiwi N T M , Widigdo B , Yasin A , Soffyan J , Iswantari A , Wulandari D Y
Published: May 2021

Plankton is an important element in supporting successful shrimp production, including in intensive ponds with high stocking densities and high frequency of feed application. This influences phytoplankton dynamics due to changes in water conditions. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of primary production related to the performance of the phytoplankton community and water quality in the intensive pond system. Observations were made on primary productivity, phytoplankton community structure, and water quality. The results showed that Chaetoceros and Rhizosolenia appeared in all observation with high densities, followed by Nitzschia, Straurastrum, Oscillatoria, and Peridinium with less densities. The diversity and dominance indices of plankton were relatively low with moderate to relatively high evenness index. There was increasing primary productivity over time and fluctuated characteristics of water quality A strong correlation shown between nutrient (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium, and orthophosphate) and the abundance of phytoplankton that tend to increase due to the nutrients resulting from the decomposition. Diatoms mostly constructed the primary productivity of shrimp pond, which was supported by synchronous condition between organic matter and nutrients through the value of C/N and N/P, as well as the composition of plankton.
Fishermen perception on the sustainable utilization of freshwater glass eel (Anguilla spp.) on river estuaries in Sukabumi Regency
Authors: Rahmi I , Kamal M M , Setiawan Y
Published: May 2021

Glass eel (Anguilla spp.) are economically important commodities and being intensively exploited by fishermen in Sukabumi Regency, posing a high risk to overfishing and extinction. Socio-economic conditions are considered as the primary driving factor of such unmanaged utilization of these early life guilds. This study aimed to determine the socio-economic characteristics of glass eel fishermen affecting their perceptions and behavior in glass eel fishing. Primary data collection including in-depth interviews (n=30) and field observations was carried out at two main fishing areas in the estuary of Cimandiri and Cikaso river from July to August 2020. Whereas secondary data was literature inquiries based on previous research. The data collected was analyzed descriptively and with the Rank Spearman correlation test. The results showed that about 87.50% of fishermen have a high perception of glass eel stock is still can be utilized continuously so that their behavior in handling the catch is by modifying their fishing gears. In Cikaso estuary, fishermen developed the traps in addition lift net and scoop net as fishing gear, while in Cimandiri estuary is restricted to lift net. In the latter place, a community watching group (pokmaswas) has been established as community participatory in coastal ecosystem protection.
Different of aeration rate on hatching rate, abnormality, yolk sac absorption, and absolute length of newly hatched larvae of mahseer (Tor soro)
Authors: Rizkiya I , Setiadi E , Yunita E , Taufik I
Published: May 2021

Mahseer, Tor soro is a local freshwater fish species that has an economical value in Asia including Indonesia. Environmental factors such as aeration, temperature, pH, and salinity affect the high of abnormality and unstable hatching rate. The purpose of this experiment is to determine of aeration rate on hatching rate, abnormality, yolk sac absorption, and absolute length of newly hatched larvae. The treatment of aeration rate are as followed: A) 0 mL/minute; B) 500 mL/minute; C) 1000 mL/minute; D) 1500 mL/minute; E) 2000 mL/minute. The result shows that the aeration rate affects the abnormality, yolk sac absorption, and absolute length of newly hatched larvae (p<0.05). The abnormality at 0 mL/minute was the highest (23.23 ± 0.26%) and the lowest (2.84 ± 0.36%) at 500 mL/minute. The yolk sac absorption 0.1268 ± 0.0056 mm3/day at 1500 mL/minute was the highest compared to the others (p<0.05). The absolute length of newly hatched larvae at 1500 mL/minute (4.6435 ± 0.2518 mm) was the highest compared to the others (p<0.05). The dissolved oxygen value was increased by increasing the aeration rate. The optimal aeration rate for egg incubation should be adjusted to 1000 mL/minute to reduce the abnormality and optimize for larval grow.