bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virulence of Isolated and Pre-Inoculated Mixture of Two Mycoinsecticides to the Fennel Aphid, Hyadaphis foeniculi, and Their Impact on the Functional Response of the Ring-Legged Earwig, Euborellia annulipes
Authors: Viagem Carla Rebeca Dos Santos Mite , da Silva Evelyn Sales , de Souza Junior Silvio Lisboa , Santos Letícia Waléria Oliveira dos , de Souza Silva Allef , de Queiroz Oliveira Luana Vitória , Ramírez Ivonne Maritza Buenaventura , da Silva Salustino Angélica , Nascimento Bianca Marina Costa , de Arruda Flávia Virgínia Ferreira , Batista Jacinto de Luna , Malaquias José Bruno
Published: January 2025

Hyadaphis foeniculi is a significant phytosanitary issue in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) cultivation, necessitating rational management strategies, such as biological control using entomopathogenic fungi and natural predators. This research aimed to assess the virulence parameters of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, isolated or in mixture, in the mortality of H. foeniculi, and investigate the compatibility of these fungi with the predator Euborellia annulipes, analyzing the functional response when preying-on-aphids. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions. The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90), the median lethal time (LT50), and the percentage of survival of H. foeniculi nymphs subjected to topical application of the fungi were evaluated. No significant difference existed between the lethal concentrations and LT50 of the fungi alone or combined, with LC50 estimated at 1.17 × 106 conidia of B. bassiana per milliliter of water suspension and 1.20 × 106 conidia of M. anisopliae per milliliter of water suspension, when isolated. When in mixture, we observed LC50 for the mixture of fungi M. anisopliae and B. bassiana estimated at 3.06 × 103 viable conidia of B. bassiana, and 1.17 × 103 viable conidia of M. anisopliae per mL of distilled water. Therefore, the mixture of fungi showed remarkable promise, resulting in a high aphid mortality rate. Adult females of E. annulipes were used to evaluate the compatibility of the fungi with this predator and were exposed to the fungi to assess its functional response to nymphs of fennel aphid. The fungi had no significant effect on the functional response parameters of the females exposed to the treatments. Thus, the two bioagents (predator and fungi) proved compatible and promising for fennel aphid biological control programs.
Unexpected Basal Anti-Müllerian Hormone Concentrations in a 6-Year-Old Bitch Presenting an Ovarian Remnant
Authors: Burgio Matteo , Ferré-Dolcet Lluis , Carbonari Alice , Frattina Lorenza , Rizzo Annalisa , Cicirelli Vincenzo
Published: January 2025

Ovarian Remnant Syndrome (ORS) refers to a condition affecting spayed females, characterized by clinical signs typically seen in intact bitches. In this report, Callie, a 6-year-old spayed female German Shepherd, was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the University of Bari for a specialist examination due to serosanguineous discharge from the vulva. All diagnostic tests recommended in the literature were performed to diagnose ORS. Notably, the Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) assay, considered the gold standard for ORS diagnosis, was used, and the dog tested negative based on the established bibliographic cut-off values. However, advanced diagnostic techniques, including CT scans and laparoscopy, were performed, and histological examination ultimately confirmed the presence of ovarian tissue in the dog’s abdominal cavity. This clinical case underscores the importance of combining hormonal tests with advanced imaging and surgical diagnostics to ensure accurate diagnosis. It highlights the limitations of relying solely on AMH values and emphasizes the need for further research into diagnostic tests, their cut-off values, and the role of collateral examinations to achieve definitive diagnoses in cases where hormonal assays yield inconclusive results.
Effects of Lipids from Soybean Oil or Ground Soybeans on Energy Efficiency and Methane Production in Steers
Authors: Processi Elizabeth Fonsêca , Rocha Tiago Cunha , Bendia Laila Cecília Ramos , Silveira Filho Clóvis Carlos , Berndt Alexandre , Souza Aniceto Elon , Oliveira Tadeu Silva de
Published: January 2025

Using lipids can correct energy deficiencies in pasture, boost weight gain in ruminants, and enhance profitability in farming activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the energy losses in feedlot steers fed diets based on corn silage, with or without the addition of lipids in the form of soybean oil or ground soybean seeds. Eight steers were randomly assigned to two balanced 4 × 4 Latin squares. The experimental treatments were as follows: corn silage; corn silage and concentrate feed without lipid addition; corn silage and concentrate feed with 5% lipid (soybean oil) addition; corn silage and concentrate feed with 5% lipid (ground soybean seeds) addition. The results showed that steers fed only corn silage had (p < 0.001) lower dry matter intake (DMI) compared to other treatments. Gross energy intake and gross energy in feces mirrored DMI trends (p < 0.05). Diets with concentrate supplements resulted in higher digestible energy intake (p < 0.05) and increased gross energy in urine. Notably, adding lipids decreased (p < 0.05) methane energy losses, although the processing method did not (p > 0.05) impact these outcomes. In conclusion, adding lipids to the diet reduced energy losses through methane emissions, increasing steers’ energy efficiency. Therefore, the inclusion of lipids reduced enteric methane production in steers. Additionally, the method of lipid processing (soybean oil or ground soybean seeds) did not affect energy partitioning.
Implant-Derived S. aureus Isolates Drive Strain-Specific Invasion Dynamics and Bioenergetic Alterations in Osteoblasts
Authors: Song Lei , Schwinn Lea-Sophie , Barthel Juliane , Ketter Vanessa , Lechler Philipp , Linne Uwe , Rastan Ardawan J. , Vogt Sebastian , Ruchholtz Steffen , Paletta Jürgen R. J. , Günther Madeline
Published: January 2025

Background: Implants are integral to modern orthopedic surgery. The outcomes are good, but infections remain a serious issue. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), along with Staphylococcus epidermidis, are predominant pathogens responsible for implant-associated infections, as conventional antibiotic treatments often fail due to biofilm formation or the pathogens’ ability to invade cells and to persist intracellularly. Objectives: This study therefore focused on interactions of S. aureus isolates from infected implants with MG63 and SaOS2 osteoblasts by investigating the adhesion, invasion, and the impact on the bioenergetics of osteoblasts. Methods and Results: We found that the ability of S. aureus to adhere to osteoblasts depends on the isolate and was not associated with a single gene or expression pattern of characteristic adhesion proteins, and further, was not correlated with invasion. However, analysis of invasion capabilities identified better invasion conditions for S. aureus isolates with the SaOS2 osteoblastic cells. Interestingly, metabolic activity of osteoblasts remained unaffected by S. aureus infection, indicating cell survival. In contrast, respiration assays revealed an altered mitochondrial bioenergetic turnover in infected cells. While basal as well as maximal respiration in MG63 osteoblasts were not influenced statistically by S. aureus infections, we found increased non-mitochondrial respiration and enhanced glycolytic activity in the osteoblasts, which was again, more pronounced in the SaOS2 osteoblastic cells. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the complexity of S. aureus-host interactions, where both the pathogen and the host cell contribute to intracellular persistence and survival, representing a major factor for therapeutic failures.
Chemical and Biological Mechanisms Relevant to the Rescue of MG-132-Treated Neurons by Cysteine
Authors: Ückert Anna-Katharina , Suciu Ilinca , Land Anja , Spreng Anna-Sophie , Welte Hannah , Herzog Doreen , Basler Michael , Leist Marcel
Published: January 2025

Proteasome dysfunctions are observed in many human pathologies. To study their role and potential treatment strategies, models of proteasome inhibition are widely used in biomedical research. One frequently used tool is the proteasome inhibitor MG-132. It triggers the degeneration of human neurons, and several studies show protection from pathological events by glutathione or its precursors. It has therefore been concluded that glutathione protects cells from proteasome dysfunction. However, an alternative explanation is that MG-132, which is a peptide aldehyde, is chemically inactivated by thiols, and the apparent protection by glutathione from proteasome dysfunction is an artefact. To clarify this issue, we examined the chemical inactivation of MG-132 by thiols and the role of such reactions for neuroprotection. Using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found that MG-132 reacted with L-cysteine to form a stable end product and with glutathione to form an unstable intermediate. Using a cell-free proteasome inhibition assay, we found that high concentrations of L-cysteine can scavenge a substantial fraction of MG-132 and thus reduce proteasome inhibition. Glutathione (or N-acetyl-cysteine) did not alter proteasome inhibition (even at high concentrations). In a final step, we studied human neuronal cultures. We exposed them to MG-132, supplemented the culture medium with various thiols, and assessed intracellular L-cysteine concentrations. The transcriptome response pattern also indicated an inhibition of the proteasome by MG-132 in the presence of L-cysteine. We conclude that thiol concentrations that can be reached in cells do not inactivate MG-132 in pathological models. They rather act in a cytoprotective way as antioxidants.
Preliminary Effects of American Elderberry Juice on Cognitive Functioning in Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients: A Secondary Analysis of Cognitive Composite Scores in a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Musich Madison , Curtis Ashley F. , Ferguson Bradley J. , Drysdale David , Thomas Andrew L. , Greenlief C. Michael , Shenker Joel I. , Beversdorf D. Q.
Published: January 2025

Previous work examining dietary interventions high in polyphenols (i.e., antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties) has shown cognitive benefits. In a prior investigation examining American elderberry juice consumption with inflammation and cognition in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we found a trend toward better visuospatial construct flexibility in MCI patients who consumed elderberry relative to the placebo control. This study aims to further examine the preliminary effects of American elderberry juice on the cognitive domains in MCI using cognitive composite scores. MCI patients (N = 24; Mage = 76.33 ± 6.95) received elderberry (n = 11) or placebo (n = 13) juice for 6 months and completed cognitive tasks targeting memory, visuospatial ability, and cognitive flexibility at the baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. For the composite z-scores calculated for global cognition and each domain, multilevel models and Kenward–Roger post hoc tests examined the interaction between condition (elderberry/placebo) and time (baseline/3 months/6 months). The findings showed a significant interaction between global cognitive flexibility (p = 0.049) and elderberry juice (not the placebo) trending toward a significant decrease (better) in composite cognitive flexibility latency scores from the baseline (M = 29.89, SE = 18.12) to 6 months (M = 18.57, SE = 9.68). Preliminary findings suggest elderberry juice may provide overall cognitive flexibility benefits in MCI. These promising results provide support for prospective investigations examining the potential underlying mechanisms of elderberries that may provide cognitive benefits in MCI, possibly due to anti-inflammatory effects.
Study on Torsional Shear Deformation Characteristics of Segment Joints Under the Torque Induced by Tunnel Boring Machine Construction
Authors: Chen Jie , Chen Weijie , Deng Chaohui , Deng Runjian , Xiao Mingqing , Su Dong
Published: January 2025

During the excavation process of a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM), the cutterhead exerts significant torque on the tunnel structure, which potentially causes torsional shear deformation at segment ring joints. Thus, examining the characteristics of torsional shear deformation and the shear-bearing performance of segment joints under construction torque is crucial for the design and safety of segment structures and the construction of TBM tunnels. To achieve this, a refined finite element model of the segment joints was developed to study their torsional shear resistance under varying axial forces and with or without mortise and tenon. Furthermore, the failure modes of bolts and the damage characteristics of segment concrete during torsional shear deformation are analyzed. The results show that the load-bearing process of torsional shear deformation in segment joints consists of three stages: development of the friction at the segment interface (Stage I), development of the bolt force (Stage II), and development of the mortise and tenon force (Stage III). It is noteworthy that axial force is the primary factor in enhancing the torsional shear resistance of the segmental joints. Moreover, as the torsional shear deformation increases, the contact and compression occur between the bolts and the segment bolt holes as well as between the mortise and tenon, leading to the yielding of the bolts and the failure of the concrete at the joints. Consequently, the segment concrete around the mortise and tenon and the bolt hole is prone to cracking and crushing. To prevent shear failure of the bolts, it is recommended that the rotational angle of segment be maintained at less than 0.045°.
Evaluating the Accessibility of Pedestrian Sidewalks to Connect Public Transport: A Pilot Study in Valparaíso, Chile
Authors: Seriani Sebastian , Aprigliano Vicente , Peña Alvaro , Briones Hector , Arredondo Bernardo , Requesens Jose , Fujiyama Taku
Published: January 2025

The need to assess whether accessibility in urban mobility meets the required standards to provide a satisfactory experience for users is emphasized. The general objective of this research is to evaluate pedestrian accessibility in urban mobility, taking as a case study different access points such as the sidewalks and crossings between the trolleybus system and the EFE metro system in Valparaíso. Specific objectives have been set, including identifying the area to study and the elements to evaluate, designing an evaluation system, and applying descriptive and numerical methods for the assessment. The methodology used includes two approaches: the descriptive, which provides a detailed view of accessibility conditions in each evaluated area, highlighting aspects such as physical condition and compliance with regulations, and the numerical, which assigns quantitative values to the elements being assessed to establish a classification of accessibility levels. Additionally, a survey was conducted to obtain a subjective view of pedestrian preferences. Based on the above, evaluating pedestrian accessibility in urban mobility in Valparaíso allowed for identifying aspects that require improvement to ensure a satisfactory experience for users. Furthermore, it promotes the use of both transportation systems and provides recommendations for future research.
Spatial Sound Rendering Using Intensity Impulse Response and Cardioid Masking Function
Authors: Mickiewicz Witold , Łazoryszczak Mirosław
Published: January 2025

This study presents a new technique for creating spatial sounds based on a convolution processor. The main objective of this research was to propose a new method for generating a set of impulse responses that guarantee a realistic spatial experience based on the fusion of amplitude data acquired from an omnidirectional microphone and directional data acquired from an intensity probe. The advantages of the proposed approach are its versatility and easy adaptation to playback in a variety of multi-speaker systems, as well as a reduction in the amount of data, thereby simplifying the measurement procedure required to create any set of channel responses at the post-production stage. This paper describes the concept behind the method, the data acquisition method, and the signal processing algorithm required to generate any number of high-quality channel impulse responses. Experimental results are presented to confirm the suitability of the proposed solution by comparing the results obtained for a traditional surround 5.1 recording system and the proposed approach. This study aims to highlight the potential of intensity impulse responses in the audio recording and virtual reality industries.
A Mathematical Model for the Initial Interaction Stage Between a Radar System and a Target Using GERT Network
Authors: Semenov Serhii , Krupska-Klimczak Magdalena , Mieczkowski Patryk , Tarasenko Yevhen , Voronets Vitalii , Voronets Oleksandr , Breslavets Vitalii , Davydov Viacheslav
Published: January 2025

The article presents a mathematical model of radar systems operating under jamming conditions. The relevance of the study is highlighted by two main factors: the need to enhance the accuracy of radar systems and the requirement to incorporate new jamming factors into models, which raises challenges in maintaining the reliability of mathematical formalizations. Various modeling approaches, including Markov models, deep learning, and probabilistic filters, are analyzed. These methods enable radar systems to adapt to changing conditions and improve target detection, which are crucial for their effective operation under uncertainty. The article emphasizes the importance of integrating different techniques to develop algorithms capable of functioning in complex jamming environments. A key aspect of the model is its consideration of time delays and probabilistic characteristics, which help to formalize and optimize the system’s performance in various jamming scenarios. The model is based on the Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) network, offering in-depth analysis and adaptation of radar systems to changing conditions. This approach is a critical component for enhancing the resilience of radar systems in complex and uncertain operational environments.
Video-Biomechanical Analysis of the Shoulder Kinematics of Impact from Sode-Tsurikomi-Goshi and Tsurikomi-Goshi Judo Throws in Elite Adult Judoka
Authors: Pantelidou Maria , Błach Wiesław , Rydzik Łukasz , Ambroży Tadeusz , Lockhart Ruqayya , Angioi Manuela , Sokołowski Krzysztof , Malliaropoulos Nikos
Published: January 2025

Background: The aim of this study was to calculate and compare the peak acceleration and peak negative velocity of uke’s shoulder during the course of two judo throwing techniques, Sode-Tsurikomi-Goshi (STG) and Tsurikomi-Goshi (TG). Methods: This study recruited male adult elite judo players with a mean age 26.5 of (SD = ±8.916), a minimum black belt ranking, and no injuries in the past six months. Participants were selected from the Aris Judo Club, Thessaloniki, Greece, ensuring high-level technique for safe and reliable outcomes. Informed consent was obtained. A Huawei 5T with a 48-megapixel camera was used to record the throws. Kinovea (version 0.8.15) software was used for two-dimensional motion analysis of shoulder displacement during throws and IBM SPSS Statistics (version 25.0, Armonk, NY, USA) with Microsoft Excel were used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: The peak acceleration of uke’s shoulder during STG was lower than in the case of TG, but the statistical test did not confirm this difference (p = 0.1). The mean peak negative velocity of uke’s shoulder in TG was higher compared to STG, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.04). The test–retest reliability of STG throws was good (ICC = 0.74), and for TG throws, it was moderate (ICC = 0.60). The effect size was large for negative velocity in TG (d Cohen = 1.12) and moderate for acceleration in STG (d Cohen = 0.43). The individual test did not show a statistically significant difference between STG and TG (p = 0.2). Conclusions: A statistically significant difference in peak negative velocity in TG compared to STG would reveal that uke is thrown quicker by tori. Further research on impact forces to determine the effective mass of uke’s shoulder is advised.
Ethyne Furan Ratios as Indicators of High and Low Temperature p-PAH Emissions from Household Stoves in Haryana India
Authors: Weltman Robert M. , Edwards Rufus D. , Staimer Norbert , Pillarisetti Ajay , Arora Narendra K. , Nizkorodov Sergey A.
Published: January 2025

Emission factors of 16 particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 p-PAHs) from residential fuel combustion are highly variable, resulting in significant uncertainty with respect to the estimation of emissions of PAHs from this sector. Emissions of 16 p-PAHs were characterized during daily cooking activities for two traditional Indian cookstoves: the angithi, which burns dung, and the chulha, using brushwood, dung, and a mix of brushwood and dung fuels. Previous work has shown that ethyne–furan ratios are reasonable predictors of high- and low-temperature pyrolysis that explain most of the variability in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from biomass burning. Here, we demonstrate that, as the ethyne–furan ratio increases in these stoves, the 2- and 3-ring p-PAHs account for a smaller fraction of summed 16 p-PAHs and emissions of high molecular weight p-PAHs and elemental carbon (EC) increase. This indicates a shift from less to more fused ring p-PAHs, leading to higher EC emissions. Similar to studies of VOC emissions from biomass burning, 16 p-PAH emissions from the same stove type varied widely and were not related to modified combustion efficiency, thus suggesting that larger numbers of field studies are required to adequately capture these emissions using inventories. In addition, in these stoves, fluoranthene and pyrene ratios used in source apportionment overlap with ratios typically used to identify fossil-fuel burning and thus do not adequately constrain these sources.
Caffeinated Beverages—Unveiling Their Impact on Human Health
Authors: Čižmárová Beáta , Kraus Vladimír , Birková Anna
Published: January 2025

Caffeine is among the most commonly used and consumed stimulants worldwide. It is a naturally occurring stimulant mainly found in coffee and tea. It is also present in sweetened beverages, which are very popular among young people. Recently, the consumption of energy drinks has been increasing, which are other examples of drinks containing caffeine. Is caffeine beneficial or harmful to human health? Due to its antioxidative properties, it has become attractive for many scientific studies. Caffeine consumption can have both positive and negative effects on the human body; it affects the activity of the digestive and respiratory systems, the function of the urinary tract, and the function of the central nervous system. Caffeine is a psychostimulant. It increases brain activity and alertness, reducing the perception of fatigue. Many people consume beverages containing caffeine to experience these effects, which can help them stay awake and focused. However, high consumption may not be beneficial to health; it is also associated with increased headaches and insomnia. The effects of caffeine on the body depend on its dosage, the type of drink consumed, and individual variability. It is also essential to know its effect on the body during pregnancy. This review discusses the latest knowledge about caffeine’s positive and negative impacts on the human body, as nowadays, more and more people, especially younger people, reach for energy drinks.
Performance of Mushrooms in Fermented Beverages: A Narrative Review
Authors: Di Renzo Tiziana , Reale Anna , Nazzaro Stefania , Marena Pasquale , Rahim Muhamad Hafiz Abd , Mohd Zaini Nurul Aqilah , Daud Nur ‘Aliah , Wan-Mohtar Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad
Published: January 2025

Mushrooms are indeed gaining attention for their unique therapeutic and nutritional qualities, especially in fermented drinks. This trend builds on their historical use in traditional medicine, especially within Eastern practices, where mushrooms like reishi, chaga, shiitake, oyster, lion’s mane, and cordyceps are known for their immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory, and adaptogenic properties. This narrative review highlights the growing interest in the use of mushrooms as functional ingredients in fermented beverages, emphasizing their technological and functional advantages. Fermentation significantly enhances the nutritional content and bioavailability of mushrooms, making it an ideal method to maximize the health benefits and sensory appeal of mushroom-based beverages. Microbial activity breaks down complex compounds in mushrooms, making their bioactive components more accessible for absorption; bringing unique flavors, aromas, and textures; and creating a rich-sensory experience while offering potential health benefits. Mushrooms can also improve the stability and shelf life of fermented beverages due to the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds, adding another valuable benefit to their use in functional beverages. However, despite their potential, further research is needed to fully understand their impact on health and to refine production techniques for optimal quality and consistency. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of mushroom-fermented beverages, highlighting both the known benefits and research gaps that require further investigation. Given the early stage of this field, the review emphasizes the importance of the additional investigation to unlock the full potential of mushrooms in functional beverage applications.
Additional Intraoperative Autologous-Derived Platelet-Rich Stroma to Transanal Flap Repair for the Treatment of Cryptoglandular Transsphincteric Fistulas in a Tertiary Referral Center: Long-Term Outcomes of a Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Bak Michiel T. J. , Witjes Caroline D. M. , Dwarkasing Roy S. , Arkenbosch Jeanine H. C. , Schouten W. Rudolph , van Veen Jochem C. , van Dongen Joris A. , Fuhler Gwenny M. , van der Woude C. Janneke , de Vries Annemarie C. , van Ruler Oddeke
Published: January 2025

Transanal advancement flap repair (TAFR) fails in approximately 30–40% of patients with a cryptoglandular transsphincteric fistula. An additional intraoperative injection of autologous platelet-rich stroma (PRS) with TAFR proved to be safe, feasible, and effective in the short term for the treatment of cryptoglandular transsphincteric fistula in a tertiary referral center. In this study, we assessed the long-term outcomes in patients with a cryptoglandular transsphincteric fistula who were treated with an additional intraoperative autologous PRS injection with TAFR (n = 43). The majority of the patients (88%) had a complex transsphincteric fistula (high transsphincteric and/or multiple side tracts) and underwent (one or more) fistula procedure(s) aimed at fistula repair (56%) before study inclusion. At a median follow-up time of 4.2 years [IQR 3.5–5.1], long-term primary clinical closure (i.e., clinical closure of the treated external fistula opening(s) after TAFR with additional PRS injection without the need for any re-interventions during long-term follow-up) was observed in 77% of the patients. Subsequently, 94% of these patients also reached radiological healing (i.e., fibrotic fistula tract on MRI). Recurrence after clinical closure or radiological healing was observed in 9% and 5%. Unplanned re-interventions were performed in 12% of the patients for recurrent or residual fistulizing disease. In this uncontrolled pilot study, additional autologous PRS injection with TAFR showed promising outcomes, as long-term primary clinical closure and, subsequently, radiological healing was reached in the vast majority of tertiary referral patients with a (complex) cryptoglandular transsphincteric fistula at long-term follow-up. In addition, recurrence rates were low. Future randomized research is warranted to study the effects of PRS.
Flower Position and Clonal Integration Drive Intra-Individual Floral Trait Variation in Water-Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes, Pontederiaceae)
Authors: Demetrio Guilherme Ramos , Seixas Luziene , Coelho Flávia de Freitas
Published: January 2025

Intra-individual variation in floral traits is linked to plant fitness, playing a central role in sexual selection. This variation can arise from architectural constraints, such as flower position on the inflorescence axis, and from environmental factors. In relation to the environmental influences on floral traits, the most common causes of variation are linked to the presence of pollinators, to plant resource acquisition strategies and to the availability of local resource pools. We investigated how clonal integration and resource depletion through defoliation affect floral trait stability in Eichhornia crassipes, testing whether clonal integration buffer floral traits against resource limitations. Using greenhouse experiments, we manipulated clonal structure and resource availability. We assessed the effects of floral position and clonal integration on floral traits through model selection. Our results showed that basal flowers generally had larger traits, more attractive to pollinators, and isolated or defoliated ramets exhibited significant reductions in floral traits, especially at distal flowers. Clonal integration stabilized floral traits across positions by mitigating the effects of resource variability. Clonal integration in E. crassipes enhances resilience to resource depletion, likely contributing to this species invasiveness. These findings highlight the significance of clonal and architectural integration in sustaining reproductive traits under environmental stress.
Effect of Nitrophos Fertilizer on Pollinator Dynamics and Onion Seed Yield
Authors: Bukhari Syeda Fatima , Ali Mudssar , Khan Fawad Zafar Ahmad , Mozūratis Raimondas
Published: January 2025

The yield of flowering crops depends on multiple factors, with pollination and the availability of nutrients being particularly crucial. However, fewer studies have explored the combined effects of nutrients and insect-mediated pollination on onions (Allium cepa L.). Here, we studied how different levels of insect pollination (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and nitrophos fertilizer application (188, 375, and 750 kg/hectare) affect onion seed yield. We found that pollination benefits to yield were maximum at intermediate levels of nitrophos availability. A higher pollinator abundance was recorded at a high nitrophos level, followed by intermediate and low levels. Syrphid flies and honey bees were the most abundant insect pollinators. The abundance of honey bees was higher at a low nitrophos level, while syrphid flies were more abundant at a higher nitrophos level. Moreover, the umbel weight and seed number were higher at the intermediate fertilizer level. Also, single visits by insect pollinators were observed, and the highest umbel weight was found at the intermediate fertilizer level with a single visit from A. florea. This finding provides evidence that resource and pollination availability have interactive, nonlinear effects on seed production. Our results also support ecological intensification as a reliable strategy for sustainable agro-ecosystem management.
Catestatin and Advanced Glycation End-Products: Potential Indicators of Cardiovascular Risk in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Punda Petra , Kumric Marko , Baric Zizic Ana , Sladic Sanda , Vuletic Marko , Supe Domic Daniela , Vilovic Marino , Rusic Doris , Bozic Josko
Published: January 2025

Accumulating evidence suggests that overt hypothyroidism is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, thereby increasing the risk for major cardiovascular events. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between serum catestatin levels and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), indicators of vascular health, in individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis compared to healthy controls. A total of 100 female patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 100 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Serum catestatin levels (10.2 (6.5–15.8) vs. 6.4 (4.1–9.3) ng/mL, p < 0.001) and tissue levels of AGEs (2.21 ± 0.55 ng/mL vs. 1.89 ± 0.56, p < 0.001) were both significantly higher in the Hashimoto’s group compared to the healthy age-matched controls. A positive correlation was observed between catestatin and AGEs in the overall population (r = 0.489, p < 0.001) and within the Hashimoto’s group (r = 0.457, p < 0.001). Additionally, weak positive correlations were noted between catestatin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, as well as anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (r = 0.277, p = 0.005 and r = 0.229, p = 0.024, respectively). All of these associations were confirmed through multivariate analyses. The present analysis indicates that catestatin might be implicated in cardiovascular consequences of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. However, future research should focus on longitudinal studies to explore if the causal relationship exists.
MAGNITUDE: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Phase II Trial Protocol
Authors: Rech Lavinia , Vivanco Ricardo A. , Guersoni Ana Claudia , Ninapaytan Gianina M. Crisóstmono , Rivera Paulina Bonilla , Ramos-Orosco Elisabeth J. , Vargas-Ruiz Ariana , Felipe Martha , Carvalho Sandra
Published: January 2025

Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric condition with a lifetime prevalence of 2–3%. It significantly burdens quality of life and is associated with substantial economic and disease burdens. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and high-dose selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the first-line treatments for OCD. Approximately two-thirds of patients with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) exhibit inadequate responses to current standard therapies, thus lacking adequate therapy, resulting in a loss of quality of life and huge economic burdens. Repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, safe, and well-tolerated intervention that modulates prefrontal cortical circuits involved in OCD. A previous systematic review explored the therapeutic effects of rTMS applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) area in patients with treatment-resistant OCD. It showed that the application of high-frequency and low-frequency (LF) rTMS to the dlPFC region yielded controversial post-treatment Y-BOCS (Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale) findings due to factors such as small sample sizes, short-term study durations, and variations in rTMS protocols. Objectives: Thus, we propose a theoretical protocol based on previous findings to assess better the effect of LF rTMS for treatment-resistant OCD patients. Methods: We will recruit patients with moderate to severe OCD and limited response to previous treatments from in- and outpatient clinics. We will use fMRI for precious localization of the right dlPFC and application of 1 Hz stimulation of in total 2000 pulses with three times 40 s inter-train intervals 5 days a week, in 6 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome will be the mean reduction in Y-BOCS at the end of this study. Conclusions: This study highlights rTMS’s potential to reform OCD treatment, accentuate safety, accessibility, clinical integration, and future research foundations.
Distinguished Frontal White Matter Abnormalities Between Psychotic and Nonpsychotic Bipolar Disorders in a Pilot Study
Authors: Shiroyama Takashi , Maeda Masayuki , Tanii Hisashi , Motomura Eishi , Okada Motohiro
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Recent studies indicate extensive shared white matter (WM) abnormalities between bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). However, the heterogeneity of WM in BD in terms of the presence of psychosis remains a critical issue for exploring the boundaries between BD and SZ. Previous studies comparing WM microstructures in psychotic and nonpsychotic BDs (PBD and NPBD) have resulted in limited findings, probably due to subtle changes, emphasizing the need for further investigation. Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging measures were obtained from 8 individuals with PBD, 8 with NPBD, and 22 healthy controls (HC), matched for age, gender, handedness, and educational years. Group comparisons were conducted using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). The most significant voxels showing differences between PBD and HC in the TBSS analyses were defined as a TBSS-ROI and subsequently analyzed. Results: Increased radial diffusivity (RD) in PBD compared to NPBD (p < 0.006; d = 1.706) was observed in TBSS-ROI, distributed in the confined regions of some WM tracts, including the body of the corpus callosum (bCC), the left genu of the CC (gCC), and the anterior and superior corona radiata (ACR and SCR). Additionally, NPBD exhibited significant age-associated RD increases (R2 = 0.822, p < 0.001), whereas the greater RD observed in PBD compared to NPBD remained consistent across middle age. Conclusions: Preliminary findings from this small sample suggest severe frontal WM disconnection in the anterior interhemispheric communication, left fronto-limbic circuits, and cortico-striatal-thalamic loop in PBD compared to NPBD. While these results require replication and validation in larger and controlled samples, they provide insights into the pathophysiology of PBD, which is diagnostically located at the boundary between BD and SZ.
Heritage Characterisation and Preservation Strategies for the Original Shantung Christian University Union Medical College (Jinan)—A Case of Modern Mission Hospital Heritage in China
Authors: Fu Cong , Chen Meng , Yang Kun , Zhou Qi
Published: January 2025

At the turn of the 20th century, Christian and Catholic churches in Western nations established numerous mission hospitals in non-European regions. In China, mission hospitals represent a significant category of modern architectural heritage, symbolising advancements in healthcare and medical education while also serving as historical artifacts of early cultural interactions between China and the West. With ongoing developments in medical technology, these mission hospital structures no longer meet contemporary healthcare demands; many have been repurposed or temporarily abandoned. Preserving and effectively repurposing mission hospital heritage has thus emerged as a critical issue. In the present study, the Shantung Christian University Union Medical College was examined as a case study in addressing this challenge. The site retains the original Outpatient Building, Inpatient Building, Medical Teaching Building, and other architectural heritage and has preserved the original mixed Chinese and Western architectural styles. A combination of historical research, field investigation, and historic layering was adopted in the present study, drawing primarily on data from historical maps, satellite images from different periods, aerial photography from drones, architectural drawings, and other relevant historical data. Through case studies, methods for characterising and identifying the landscape and architectural heritage of mission hospitals were explored. Principles for the preservation and regeneration of the heritage of church hospitals were also proposed, with a view to providing a reference for the study and preservation of this type of heritage.
Strain-Rate Effect on Mechanical Properties of Fully Graded and Wet-Screened Dam Concrete Based on Flexural and Compressive Tests
Authors: Zhang Kunhang , Guo Shengshan , Wang Haibo , Li Deyu , Tu Jin , Zhong Hong , Zhao Lijun , Li Chunlei
Published: January 2025

The dynamic mechanical properties of dam concrete play a critical role in the seismic design of dams. Conducting experiments on large-scale fully graded specimens to accurately obtain the mechanical properties of dam concrete is a challenging task. Dam concrete performance is typically evaluated using standard-sized wet-screened specimens. Therefore, it is essential to understand the relationship between the mechanical properties of fully graded and wet-screened specimens under dynamic loading; however, research in this field is scarce. This study investigated the dynamic flexural and compression tests of fully graded and wet-screened dam concrete specimens under strain rates corresponding to seismic loading. The strain rates for the flexural tests were set to 10−6 s−1, 2 × 10−4 s−1, 8 × 10−4 s−1, and 3 × 10−3 s−1, while the strain rates for the compression tests were set to 10−6 s−1, 5 × 10−4 s−1, 8 × 10−3 s−1, and 2 × 10−2 s−1. Failure modes and strain–stress curves were obtained for various strain rates. Based on the experimental data, the strength, elastic modulus, crack propagation velocity, cracking stress, cracking strain, peak compressive strain, and compressive energy absorption capacity of dam concrete under dynamic strain rates corresponding to seismic loading were determined. The effects of strain rate on these mechanical properties of dam concrete were analyzed. The relationship between fully graded and wet-screened concrete was explored, leading to a linear empirical formula for predicting the strength and elastic modulus of dam concrete based on wet-screened concrete test data. This study enriches the experimental research on the mechanical properties of dam concrete, deepens the understanding of the relationship between fully graded and wet-screened specimens, and provides scientific experimental data to support the seismic safety design of dams.
Correction: Luongo et al. Cannabidiol and Oxygen-Ozone Combination Induce Cytotoxicity in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. Cancers 2020, 12, 2774
Authors: Luongo Margherita , Marinelli Oliviero , Zeppa Laura , Aguzzi Cristina , Morelli Maria Beatrice , Amantini Consuelo , Frassineti Andrea , di Costanzo Marianne , Fanelli Alessandro , Santoni Giorgio , Nabissi Massimo
Published: January 2025

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated with Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sanvisens Arantza , Bueno Clara , Calvete Oriol , Solé Francesc , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Solans Marta
Published: January 2025

Objective: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood cancer. Infant ALL (<1 year) is rare, but it captures a lot of interest due to its poor prognosis, especially in patients harbouring KMT2A rearrangements, which have been demonstrated to arise prenatally. However, epidemiological studies aimed at identifying specific risk factors in such cases are scarce, mainly due to sample-size limitations. We conducted a scoping review to elucidate the prenatal or perinatal factors associated with infant ALL. Methods: Original articles, letters, or conference abstracts published up to June 2022 were identified using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and 33 observational studies were selected. Results: The study reveals several well-established associations across the literature, such as maternal exposure to pesticides and high birth weight, and outlines suggestive associations, such as parental heavy smoking, parental use of several medications (e.g., dipyrone), and maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy. Conclusions: This scoping review summarizes the few observational studies that have analysed the prenatal and perinatal risk factors for ALL in infants diagnosed before the age of 1 year. The results of this review highlight the lack of research into this specific age group, which merits further research.
An Efficient Approach for β-Cyclodextrin Production from Raw Ginkgo Seed Powder Through High-Temperature Gelatinization and Enzymatic Conversion
Authors: Duan Xuguo , Fan Yucheng , Liu Qianqian , Ding Yucheng
Published: January 2025

Ginkgo seeds, which are abundant in starch, remain significantly underutilized, contributing to substantial resource waste and environmental pollution. This study investigates the production of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) from ginkgo seeds utilizing β-cyclodextrin transferase. The research introduces a comparative analysis of two distinct pretreatment schemes for ginkgo seed powder, of which scheme B, which incorporates high-temperature gelatinization at 90 °C, emerges as particularly effective. This approach not only reduces the viscosity of the starch but also eliminates gel formation, leading to a homogeneous distribution of short-chain starch particles. This is evidenced by a notable transition in X-ray diffraction patterns from type A to type B, indicating a fundamental change in the starch structure. Furthermore, the study achieves a significant milestone in process optimization, resulting in an impressive cyclodextrin conversion rate of 72.63%. This represents a substantial 1.9-fold increase compared to the initial conversion rate prior to optimization. The research highlights the critical role of temperature in modifying starch structure and emphasizes the essential function of β-CGTase in this transformation. These findings are not only noteworthy for revealing the untapped industrial potential of ginkgo seed powder but also for demonstrating its practical application in β-CD production. This study offers valuable insights and a scientific basis for the development and utilization of ginkgo seeds across various industries, potentially opening new avenues for the sustainable use of this abundant resource.
Hydrogen Energy Storage via CO2 Hydrogenation over Catalysts Prepared by Layered Double Hydroxide Precursor
Authors: Wang Guosong , Wang Xiaosheng , Li Ranjia , Yu Changchun , Zhen Tao
Published: January 2025

Converting CO2 and green hydrogen into products such as methane and methanol not only has a negative carbon effect, but also stores renewable energy into energy chemicals. This represents a promising route for hydrogen energy storage technologies. The hydrogenation of CO2 to methane and methanol, which represent strongly exothermic reactions, are thermodynamically favored at low temperatures. However, the inherent inertness of CO2 makes it difficult to activate CO2 at low temperatures. Both reactions face the challenge of activating CO2 at low temperature, so catalysts exhibiting high activity under such conditions are a critical need. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have attracted considerable interest owing to their regular layered structure and uniform dispersion of multiple metallic components. However, there are few studies on the same effects of promoters over LDHs-derived catalysts. Here, we investigated the same effects of promoters on two LDHs-derived catalysts in different CO2 hydrogenation reactions to illustrate the effects of promoters on facilitating low-temperature CO2 activation in LDHs-derived catalysts. By adding promoters Fe and Mn to the catalysts NiAl-Fe and CuZnAl-Mn, the crystal lattices were expanded, surface areas were increased 38% and 25%, and the reduction temperatures were decreased to 97 °C and 10 °C, respectively. These promoters significantly enhanced the CO2 adsorption and activation of the catalysts NiAl-Fe and CuZnAl-Mn. The methanation catalyst NiAl-Fe achieved a CO2 conversion of 80.8% at 200 °C and 2 MPa, while the methanol synthesis catalyst CuZnAl-Mn exhibited a CO2 conversion of 21.3% and a methanol selectivity of 61.8% under the conditions of 250 °C and 3 MPa. The influence of the LDHs precursors’ structure and the addition of promoters Fe and Mn on the catalytic performance were studied by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, H2-TPR, H2-TPD, and CO2-TPD.