bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Şen Yöntemi ve Trend Yöntemleri Kullanılarak Doğu Karadeniz Havzasının Yağış Verilerinin Analiz Edilmesi
Authors: ÇERİBAŞI Gökmen
Published: February 2019

Küresel iklim değişikliği üzerine son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında tüm dünyada iklim değişikliklerinin etkisi görülmektedir. Küresel iklim değişikliğinin en büyük etkilerinden biri yağışlar üzerinde meydana gelip; bu durum bazı bölgelerde yağış azlığı nedeniyle kuraklığa neden olurken; bazı bölgelerde ise ekstrem yağışlar sonucu sel ve taşkınlar şeklinde kendini göstermektedir. Doğu Karadeniz Havzası topoğrafik yapısı nedeniyle taşkınlara maruz kalma riski altındadır. Küresel iklim değişikliği ile meydana gelecek ekstrem yağışlar bu havzada büyük taşkınlara sebep olacaktır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada, Doğu Karadeniz Havzası’nın yıllık ortalama yağış verilerinin gelecekteki trendini araştırmak için Şen Yöntemi ve Trend Yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Trend yöntemlerini uygulamadan önce verilerin serisel olarak bağımlı olup olmadığını araştırmak için serisel korelasyonuna bakılmıştır. Trend Yöntemlerinden; Mann-Kendall Testi ve Spearman’ın Rho Testi bu çalışmada kullanılmıştır. Şen Yöntemi ve Trend Yöntemleri, bu havzada bulunan meteorolojik istasyonlardan alınan yıllık ortalama yağış verilerine uygulanmıştır. Bu yağış verileri Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri (DMİ) Genel Müdürlüğünden alınmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda, havzadaki bazı istasyonlarda hem Şen yöntemine göre hem de trend yöntemlerine göre artan bir yağış trendi görülmüştür. Bu sonuç da ileride ekstrem yağışların olabileceği sonucunu ortaya koyabilir.
Koyunlarda Paraziter Kaynaklı Karaciğer Fibrozisinde İmmunohistokimyasal İncelemeler
Authors: Akgün Ayhan , İlhan Fatma
Published: February 2019

Karaciğer fibrozisi, ülkemizde ve dünyanın pekçok bölgesinde insan ve hayvan sağlığını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, makroskobik incelemede paraziter fibrozis bulguları gösteren 30 koyun karaciğeri histopatolojik ve immunohistokimyasal olarak (α-SMA, iNOS COX-2, p53 ve PCNA) incelendi. Histopatolojik incelemede portal alanlarda lenfosit, makrofaj ve eozinofilden oluşan hücre infiltrasyonu ile fibrozis, parankimde vena sentralisleri bulunmayan rejenere hepatositlerin oluşturduğu nodüller (pseudolobulus) şekillenmişti. Ayrıca bazı olgularda içinde yabancı cisim dev hücreleri bulunan granülomlar görüldü. İmmunohistokimyasal incelemede; kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında fibrotik karaciğerlerde α-SMA, iNOS, COX-2, p53 ve PCNA için çok daha yüksek pozitiflik gözlendi. Fibroziste bağ doku artışını göstermek için α-SMA, karaciğer tümörlerinin temelinde fibrozis ve sirozun olması ve yara iyileşmesinde rol alması yönünden COX-2, artan proliferasyonun değerlendirilmesinde PCNA, apoptozis için p53; paraziter enfeksiyonlarda makrofajlarda salınması yönünden iNOS antikorunun kullanılmasının faydalı olduğu görülmüştür.
Dianthus zonatus s.l. ve D. preobrazhenskii’ninTaksonomisi
Authors: HAMZAOĞLU Ergin , KOÇ Murat
Published: February 2019

Türkiye
Florası’nda unutulmuş bir tür olan D. preobrazhenskii’nin
varlığı gün ışığına çıkarıldı. Türün tipifikasyonu, betimlemesi ve resmi
verildi. Ayrıca genel ve tohum morfolojisi karakterleri esas alınarak Dianthus zonatus var. zonatus, var. hypochlorus ve var. aristatus
ile D. preobrazhenskii’nin farklı
taksonlar olduğu ortaya konuldu.
Moleküler Baskılama Temelli Kuvars Kristal Mikroterazi (QCM) Sensörler ile Klorpirifos Tayini
Authors: ÇAKIR Oğuz
Published: February 2019

Pestisitler tarımsal üretimin kontrolü gibi pek çok alanda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu maddeler tarımsal ürünlerin artmasına katkıda bulunur ancak toksik özelliklerinden dolayı canlılar üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sebep olmaktadır. Bu nedenle pestisitlerin tayin edilmesi, hem insanlar üzerinde artan toksik etkilerinden hem de kullanımının kontrol altına alınmasından dolayı büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, çevre sularında oldukça seçici, hassas, hızlı ve gerçek zamanlı bir ölçüm ile klorpirifos tayini için moleküler baskılama tekniği kullanılarak yeni bir kuvars kristal mikroterazi (QCM) sensör hazırlanmış olup N-metakriloil-(L)-triptofan metil ester (MATrp) uygun fonksiyonel monomer olarak seçilmiştir. Daha sonraki aşamada bu monomer kompleksi etilen glikol dimetakrilat (EGDMA) ile polimerleştirilmiştir. Polimerleştirilmiş klorpirifos baskılı nanofilmler QCM sensör çiplerinin altın yüzeylerine bağlanarak temas açısı ölçümleri ve atomik kuvvet mikroskobu (AFM) ile karakterizasyonları yapılmıştır. Kalınlık ölçümleri ve AFM görüntüleri, nanofilmlerin homojen ve tek tabakalı olduğunu göstermiştir. Baskılanmış nanofilmlerin baskılanmamış nanofilmlere oranla daha fazla hedef moleküle duyarlılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Langmuir adsorpsiyon modeli, bu afinite sistemi için en uygun model olarak belirlenmiştir. Klorpirifos baskılanmış nanofilmlerin seçiciliğini göstermek için aynı derişimdeki klorpirifos, diazinon ve paration çözeltilerinin yarışmalı adsorpsiyonu araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, QCM sensörlerin hızlı yanıt, kullanım kolaylığı, yüksek hassasiyet ve seçicilik ve gerçek zamanlı ölçüm alınabilme gibi özelliklerinden dolayı pestisit analizleri için alternatif bir yöntem olarak kullanılma potansiyeline sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
(E)-2-((Fenilimino)metil) Fenol Molekülünün Teorik Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Erhan , TURHAN IRAK Zeynep , GÜMÜŞ Selçuk
Published: February 2019

Bu
çalışmada, (E)-2-((fenilimino)metil)fenol molekülünün 3D geometrisi ve
elektronik yapısı hakkında bilgi edinmek için kuantum kimyasal hesaplamaları
B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) seviyesinde Yoğunluk Fonksiyonel Teorisi kullanılarak taban
durumunda hesaplandı. Optimize edilmiş moleküler yapının tek bağ etrafında
dönerek toplam enerjinin taranmasıyla konformasyonları bulundu. En çok ve en az
kararlı konformasyonların 3 boyutlu elektrostatik potansiyel haritaları
çıkartıldı. Bu konformasyonel yapıların en yüksek dolu moleküler orbital (HOMO),
en düşük boş moleküler orbitallerin (LUMO) enerjileri, elektronik ve moleküler
özellikleri hesaplandı. Ek olarak, lineer olmayan optik özellikleri (NLO)
incelendi.
Farklı Oranlarda Karıştırılan Mürdümük (Lathrus sativus L.) ve Arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) Hâsıllarının Silaj Özellikleri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: SEYDOŞOĞLU Seyithan , GELİR Gökhan
Published: February 2019

Bu
çalışma, farklı oranlarda karıştırılan mürdümük (Lathyrus sativus L.)
ile arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.)
hâsıllarının silaj özellikleri üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması amacıyla
yapılmıştır. GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Müdürlüğü
deneme tarlasında iki yıl süreyle (2015-2016 ve 2016-2017) yetiştirme
mevsiminde yürütülen bu araştırmada materyal olarak mürdümük bitkisinin GAP
Mavisi çeşidi ile arpa bitkisinin Samyeli çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Deneme de
mürdümük ve arpa yalın olarak üretim için yetiştirilmiştir. Çalışmada; %100
mürdümük, %100 arpa, %75 mürdümük + %25 arpa, %50 mürdümük + %50 arpa, %25
mürdümük + %75 arpa karışım sistemleri kullanılmıştır. Silajlar, ağzı kapaklı
hava almayacak şekilde uniform olarak karıştırılıp sıkıştırılan plastik
kavanozlarda 3’er lt 4 tekerrürlü olarak hazırlanmıştır. Plastik kavanozlar 45
gün sonra açılarak fiziksel muayeneleri (renk, koku, strüktür) ve kimyasal
özellikleri (silaj pH değeri, ADF, NDF, ham protein, ham kül, laktik asit
oranları) tespit edilmiştir. Silajların fiziksel özellikleri yönünden
incelendiğinde; nitelik sınıfı en yüksek %100 arpa silajından elde edilmiş
olup, karışımdaki arpa oranı artıkça silaj kalitesi de artmıştır. Silajların
kimyasal özellikleri açısından bakıldığında; pH değeri için %25 mürdümük + %75
arpa silajı, kuru madde oranı %100 arpa silajı, ADF oranı %50 mürdümük + %50
arpa silajı, NDF oranı %100 mürdümük silajı, ham protein oranı %100 mürdümük
silajı, laktik asit oranı %100 arpa silajı, flieg puanı ise %25 mürdümük + %75
arpa silajından elde edilmiştir. Tüm özellikler yönünden incelendiğinde;
farklı oranlarda karıştırılan mürdümük + arpa silajı için %75 mürdümük + %25
arpa silaj karışımı uygun bulunmuştur.
Bazı Yabani ve Kültür Mantarı Turşularının Duyusal Analizleri
Authors: GÜRGEN Ayşenur , DEĞİRMENCİ Atiye , YILDIZ Sibel
Published: February 2019

İnsan
beslenmesinde yeri gün geçtikçe artan besinlerden biri de mantarlardır. Gerek
yenebilen yabani mantarların gerekse de kültür mantarlarının kurutulmuş halde
ve hatta turşu formunda tüketildiği bilinmektedir. Mantar turşuları, mantar
tüketiminin bol olduğu illerde yapılıp, pazarlarda satılmakla birlikte piyasada
henüz tam olarak yer edinememiştir. Ürünlerin piyasaya girmeden önce
tüketicilerin isteklerini karşılamaya yönelik olması önemlidir. Bu çalışmada
iki yabani mantar (Hydnum repandum L.,
Lactarius ssp. Pers.) ve bir kültür
mantarı (Agaricus bisporus (J.E.
Lange) Imbach) turşusunun duyusal analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan duyusal
analiz ile tüketici tercihleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Duyusal analizlerde
görünüm ve sertlik karakteristiklerinde en yüksek puanı kültür mantarı turşusu
almıştır. Koku ve lezzet karakteristiklerinde en yüksek puanı sığırdili (H. repandum) ve kanlıca mantarı (Lactarius ssp.) turşuları almıştır.
Genel beğenide ise en yüksek puanı kanlıca mantarı turşusu almış ve bunu
sırasıyla sığırdili mantarı turşusu ve şapkalı mantar (A. bisporus) turşusu izlemiştir.
A decision-making framework for sustainable management of groundwater resources under uncertainty: combination of Bayesian risk approach and statistical tools
Authors: Varouchakis Emmanouil A. , Yetilmezsoy Kaan , Karatzas George P.
Published: February 2019

Decision-making is a significant tool in water resources management applications. This work addresses the global management decision dilemma for the sustainability of the groundwater resources of a watershed: should stakeholders use groundwater for irrigation and human consumption or should they construct infrastructure, for example water reservoirs, for irrigation purposes? The former constitutes an easy but non-sustainable solution, while the latter protects the groundwater body from overpumping, avoids the associated overpumping penalties, and utilizes both surface and groundwater watershed resources. The main question arising in the second case relates to the amount of surface water that can be used taking into consideration water scarcity and potentially dry hydrological years. Therefore, this proposed decision-making framework will provide the best management solution for the water needs of an area based on the balanced use of surface and groundwater resources, considering the ecosystem sustainability and the surface and groundwater sustainability. In addition, this work can help decision-makers to examine and compare various scenarios using different approaches before making a decision regarding the cost and the capacity of a hydrologic/hydraulic project, and the varied economic charges that water table limit violations can cause inside an audit interval.
An improved index for water quality evaluation in an estuary region: a case study in the Eastern Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Li Shenlin , Chen Xiaohong , Singh V. P. , He Yanhu , Bai Xiaoyan
Published: February 2019

Water quality evaluation is fundamental for water resources management. In this study, a water quality index (WQI) was constructed to evaluate water quality in an estuary region. First, principal component analysis and the Bartlett method were used to select more important water quality parameters from multivariables. Second, quality curves and weights of selected parameters were assigned, and then WQI scores were calculated. The WQI method was applied to the Eastern Pearl River Delta in China as a case study. Results showed that water quality in the upstream area and the coastal region was better than in the central delta, with an average WQI of 72, 55 and 14, respectively. Results further revealed that water quality in the coastal region was more variable (the standard variation of WQIs is near 20) due to more rapid changes in hydrologic features, while water quality in the inland area was more stable (the standard variation is around 10). Comparison between the WQI and fuzzy evaluation methods indicated the reliability of the WQI method. This WQI method can evaluate water quality in the estuarine delta area well, and statistical techniques used in this paper can be applied in different geographical areas considering their specific characteristics.
Cryptocurrency regulation in the BriCs Countries and the eurasian economic union
Authors: Chudinovskikh M. , Sevryugin V.
Published: February 2019

This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the legislative approaches to the regulation of cryptocurrencies in the BRICS countries and the Eurasian Economic Union. During the analysis, regulatory legal acts and draft laws, including material on judicial practice, of the Russian Federation, China, India, Brazil, the Republic of South Africa, the Republic of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia were studied. The use of a comparative-legal method makes it possible to develop recommendations about the development of legislation on the circulation of cryptocurrencies within the BRICS countries. The assessment of the experience of EEU countries, and especially that of the Republic of Belarus, has great importance since the Russian Federation is a member country of both the EEU and BRICS. Comparative analysis was achieved by taking into account such key points as the existence of a regulatory framework, regulation of transaction taxation and counteracting the legalization of profits from crime. The results of the analysis are presented for each country separately and then systematized in the form of an analytical table. Based on the analysis, three approaches to the regulation of cryptocurrencies are identified: conservative, liberal and neutral. The study of the experiences of the BRICS and EEU countries allowed the authors to conclude that these countries need to formulate similar requirements for the regulation of cryptocurrencies so as to avoid the migration of investment and capital to other countries which have a more liberal approach.
Advances in Henry Reaction: A Versatile Method in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Pandey Jaya
Published: February 2019

:

Henry reaction is an important reaction employing carbonyls which furnishes β-nitro alcohol,
nitroalkene, α-nitro ketones, β-amino alcohol as products and byproducts that may be transfigured
as building blocks for other synthetic reactions. This paper focuses on various synthetic routes
for Henry reaction, a versatile reaction of high significance in organic synthesis. The paper discusses
the chemistry and plausible products of the reaction, along with the various available synthetic routes
for the same, ranging from classical conventional methods to modern methods of green chemistry
trends. Use of various catalysts as rate enhancer as well as use of various catalysts as enantioselective
frontman for stereoselective reactions, have been described in this work.
Diagnostic Challenges of Lymphoblastic Lymphomas of the Mediastinum
Authors: Mlika Mona , Khanfir Donia , Braham Emna , Meddeb Balkiss , Mezni Faouzi
Published: February 2019

Background:

Lymphoblastic lymphomas (LL) of the mediastinum are rare tumours that present a challenging diagnosis. The positive diagnosis is based on microscopic findings. Our aim was to highlight the diagnostic difficulties in such situations.

Methods:

We conducted a descriptive retrospective study including 31 patients presenting mediastinal LL.

Results:

Radiologic features consisted in all cases in a mediastinal infiltrating mass. Microscopic examination showed in all cases a crowded tumour with many artefacts made of diffuse tumour cells. Immunohistochemial study was performed in all cases. It was quite difficult to interprete in the samples used for extemporaneous examination and repeated in 10 cases.

Conclusion:

The diagnosis of LL is based on the microscopic examination which is usually performed on small samples with crowding artefacts. Thus, this pathology must be managed by a trained team that is used to deal with such a specimen in order to avoid repeating the biopsy and inducing diagnostic delay.
Combined Preference Ranking Algorithm for Comparing and Initial Ranking of Cloud Services
Authors: Md Abdul Quadir , Vijayakumar Varadarajan
Published: February 2019

Background:

With the immense significance of cloud computing over the decade, different
IT companies offer varieties of cloud services.

Objective:

The selection of cloud services from the expanding range of Cloud Service Providers
(CSPs) makes it difficult for the Cloud Consumers (CCs) to choose a CSP based on their preferences.

Methods:

In this context, this paper proposes an efficient trust management architecture for cloud
service selection and put forward Combined Preference Ranking Algorithm (CPRA) for initial
ranking of CSPs and their services before doing any transaction in the past based on CCs requirements.

Results:

The proposed trust management architecture prompts the CSPs to improve the Quality of
Service (QoS) by adhering to Service Level Agreement (SLA).

Conclusion:

The experimental results show that compared with other ranking approaches CPRA
generates the accurate ranking list of CSPs with minimal execution time.
Fixing the Bugs in Software Projects from Software Repositories for Improvisation of Quality
Authors: Rashid Ekbal , Ansari Mohd D.
Published: February 2019

Background:

The study of bugs that are reported and close may indicate the growth and
working of a software project. It may also indicate the quality of the project.

Methods:

As software projects grow, the number of bugs reported generally increases each year.
To maintain quality, the developers have to resolve and close these increasing numbers of bugs.

Results:

The present paper discusses the relations between bugs being reported and bugs being
closed. It also discusses some parameters related to the study of bugs. In this paper, new parameters
have been introduced that help in the improvement of quality and this is the novelty of paper.

Conclusion:

The research mainly covers the problem of finding the relation of collaborative
growth with the quality of software. The paper also covers improvements in parameters like the
rate of bug fixing. It also discusses the significance of these parameters. We have suggested a new
parameter called the bug closing rate. And this can be calculated in two ways.
Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate): A Potential Anti-microbial Agent
Authors: Doostkam Aida , Iravani Kamyar , Bassiri-Jahromi Shahindokht
Published: February 2019

:

Polyphenols have received high attention due to their biological functions. Pomegranate
(Punica granatum L.) is a rich source of polyphenols such as tannin, ellagitannin, flavonoids and
other phenolic acids. The potential therapeutic uses of pomegranate appear to be wide diversity.
Pomegranate contains strong antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties, with potential
health interests.

:

This review has been performed on a method of systematic narrative review on the antimicrobial
potency of different parts of pomegranate. A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science,
Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar from 1986 to 2018 to obtain related studies. The aim
of this review present an overview of the aspect and advantages of Punica granatum L. and summarize
the present data on the pomegranate anti-microbial activity in in-vitro and in-vivo tests, animal
trial systems and human clinical trials. Also, this review discussed the pomegranate extracts
activities and their future application.

:

The findings of this review support that the pomegranate might be possible to use in the control
and potential therapeutics of some microbial infections. This review highlights the new researches
on the anti-microbial activities of pomegranate.
Two-terminal Reliability Analysis for Time-evolving and Predictable Delay-tolerant Networks
Authors: Khanna Gaurav , Chaturvedi Sanjay K. , Soh Sieteng
Published: February 2019

Background:

Several techniques are available to evaluate the two-terminal reliability
(2TR) of static networks; however, the advent of dynamic networks in recent past, e.g., Delay Tolerant
Networks (DTNs), has made this task extremely challenging due to their peculiar characteristics
with an associated disruptive operational environment. Recently, a Cartesian product-based
method has been proposed to enumerate time-stamped-minimal path sets (TS-MPS)-a precursor to
compute the 2TR of such networks. However, it cannot be used to generate time-stamped-minimal
cut sets (TS-MCS). TS-MCS cannot only be used as an alternative to generate 2TR but also to
compute other unexplored reliability metrics in DTNs, e.g., the weakest link.

Objective:

To propose a novel approach to enumerate both TS-MPS and TS-MCS of a dynamic
network, thereby computing the 2TR of such networks.

Methods:

The proposed technique converts the time aggregated graph model of a dynamic network
into a Line Graph (LG) while maintaining the time-varying graph’s node reachability information.
This LG is used thereafter to generate TS-MCS as well as TS-MPS to compute 2TR of the network.

Results:

The DTN examples are presented to show the efficacy and salient features of our algorithm
to obtain 2TR of such networks.

Conclusion:

The terminologies and techniques used for studying/analyzing network reliability of
static networks can be extended to dynamic networks as well, e.g., the notion of minimal path sets
to TS-MPS or minimal cut sets to TS-MCS, to assess their network reliability-a potential area of
furthering network reliability research.
Hybrid Cryptography Algorithm for Securing Wireless Sensor Networks from Node Clone Attack
Authors: Mohindru Vandana , Singh Yashwant , Bhatt Ravindara
Published: February 2019

Background:

Security in WSNs is the most significant because sensor nodes deployed
are in an unattended environment, and the information is communicated over insecure wireless
channels. Therefore, there is a need to put enhanced security measures for securing sensor nodes as
well as ensure secured transmission of information.

Objective:

These resource-constrained networks suffer from various attacks namely, node clone attack,
Sybil attack, and DoS attack. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid cryptography algorithm,
which secured WSNs from node clone attack.

Methods:

The proposed algorithm uses a combination of symmetric (AES) and asymmetric (ECC)
cryptography techniques along with the hash function. Further, the proposed algorithm checks the
integrity of messages during communication in the sensor network.

Results:

The performance of the proposed hybrid algorithm was examined through the various
metrics like communication, computation, and storage overheads. The comparison of the results
validates the efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithm.

Conclusion:

The proposed hybrid algorithm provides a secure and efficient solution to the energy
sensor networks.
A Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Dual Band Wireless Applications
Authors: Mabusha Kabo O. , Kumar Pradeep
Published: February 2019

Background:

In this paper, the design of a dual-band microstrip patch antenna with operating
frequencies of 2.16 GHz and 2.79 GHz is proposed.

Methods:

The proposed antenna design is based upon the defected ground structure and rectangular
patch with corner cuts. The presented antenna structure is simulated and optimized using CST microwave
studio software.

Results:

The antenna resonates at 2.16 GHz and 2.79 GHz. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna
is 2.08 GHz-2.25 GHz at center frequency 2.16 GHz and is 2.7 GHz-2.87 GHz at center frequency
2.79 GHz. The optimized antenna model is fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated
results are presented and discussed. The proposed antenna provides a maximum gain of 4.463 dB
and the maximum directivity of 5.846 dBi. The maximum radiation efficiency and total efficiency
of the antenna are 79.85% and 69.01%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The proposed antenna is suitable for dual-band wireless applications.
Environmental Impacts of Shewashok Oil Field on Sheep and Cow Meat Using Vital Trace Elements as Contamination Bioindicators
Authors: Hamadamin Rawaz Rostam , Salih Maamun Qadir , Aziz Rostam Salam
Published: February 2019

Ambient environment is built based on the interaction of living and non-living organism and chemical and physical compounds, and thus, oil field emissions, effluents, and its general waste can be a part of environmental condition of certain area. This study is to investigate the environmental impacts of oil field on sheep and cow meat around Shewashok oilfield. It has been performed at the Laboratories of the Department of Medical Microbiology, Koya University, by detecting and measuring heavy metals and vital trace elements as contamination indicators. 20 meat samples of domestic animals (cow and sheep) in both control and affected area were collected for the purpose of detecting the concentration of heavy metals in the animals. The samples dried and digested with concentrated HNO3 and concentrated H2O2. The concentration of heavy metals of the sample digested domestic animal was determined using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy. This study shows that iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, arsenic, manganese, aluminum, mercury, and chromium were detected in all the meat samples. Overall, this study confirms that the cow and sheep meat are still safe to eat in both locations because only Al, Fe, and Hg were found danger in both sheep and cows’ meat in comparison with allowed limits of the World Health Organization 2017, and all other trace elements are complying with the global standards.
Social Media Surveillance for Outbreak Projection via Transmission Models: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Safarishahrbijari Anahita , Osgood Nathaniel D
Published: February 2019

Background

Although dynamic models are increasingly used by decision makers as a source of insight to guide interventions in order to control communicable disease outbreaks, such models have long suffered from a risk of rapid obsolescence due to failure to keep updated with emerging epidemiological evidence. The application of statistical filtering algorithms to high-velocity data streams has recently demonstrated effectiveness in allowing such models to be automatically regrounded by each new set of incoming observations. The attractiveness of such techniques has been enhanced by the emergence of a new generation of geospatially specific, high-velocity data sources, including daily counts of relevant searches and social media posts. The information available in such electronic data sources complements that of traditional epidemiological data sources.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the degree to which the predictive accuracy of pandemic projection models regrounded via machine learning in daily clinical data can be enhanced by extending such methods to leverage daily search counts.

Methods

We combined a previously published influenza A (H1N1) pandemic projection model with the sequential Monte Carlo technique of particle filtering, to reground the model bu using confirmed incident case counts and search volumes. The effectiveness of particle filtering was evaluated using a norm discrepancy metric via predictive and dataset-specific cross-validation.

Results

Our results suggested that despite the data quality limitations of daily search volume data, the predictive accuracy of dynamic models can be strongly elevated by inclusion of such data in filtering methods.

Conclusions

The predictive accuracy of dynamic models can be notably enhanced by tapping a readily accessible, publicly available, high-velocity data source. This work highlights a low-cost, low-burden avenue for strengthening model-based outbreak intervention response planning using low-cost public electronic datasets.
Antinociceptive Activity of Aqueous Fraction of Kratom Leaves Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) on Male Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Nugraha Widia Indri , Robiyanto Robiyanto , Luliana Sri
Published: February 2019

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) has been known to have an analgesic opioid effect (antinociceptive). The major compound of kratom leaf is mitraginin, which has strong affinity on opioid receptor. The aim of this research is to prove antinociceptive effect of aqueous fraction of kratom leaf and its effective dose. The simplicia of kratom leaf was extracted with methanol 96%. Methanol extract fractioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and aquadest. This research used hot plate method on male Swiss Albino mice. The subject divided to 5 groups, negative control group, morphine 5,46 mg/kgBW, aqueous fraction 140, 240 and 560 mg/kgBW. Latency time was measured every 15 minutes over 2 hours period. Analytic statistical of latency time using One Way ANOVA shows that the aqueous fraction at the dose of 140, 280 and 560 mg/kgBW significantly differentiate with negative control group and positive control group. The antinociceptive effect increases with increasing doses. The three doses showed that the antinociceptive effect was no better than the positive control (Morphine)
Anti-Tuberculosis Activity of Extract Ethyl Acetate Kenikir Leaves (Cosmos caudatus H.B.K) and Sendok Leaves (Plantago Major L.) By In Vitro Test
Authors: Irianti Tatang , Pratiwi Sylvia Utami Tanjung , Kuswandi Kuswandi , Tresnaasih Nanan , Cahya Dharmastuti , Fatmarahmi Fatmarahmi , Paramitha Yulia
Published: February 2019

The increasing therapy problem including multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has made it important to discover a new anti-TB drug candidate. The aim of this study was to acknowledge the activity of ethyl acetate extracts of kenikir (Cosmos caudatus H.B.K) and sendok (Plantago major L.) leaves against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) H37Rv. This research used Middlebrook (MB) 7H9 media and observed the growth of M. tuberculosis using Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media. The concentration of extracts were 0.25 mg/ml, 0.50 mg/ml, and 1.00 mg/ml. The result of this study showed that ethyl acetate extracts exhibited anti-TB activity in 1000 µg/ml of both extracts. The active compound group was detected by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the separation of compounds was shown by retardation factor (Rf) and the color of the spots. Based on TLC chromatograms, it is known that there are types of compounds, such as ortho-dihydroxy compounds, phenolic compounds, and compound leads to terpenoids for both extracts.
Optimization of HIB Value Combination of Tween 60 and Span 80 on Cream Formulation of Ethanol Extract of Green Tea Leaves (Camellia Sinensis L.)
Authors: Anindya Putri Fransiska Lisa , Nugroho Akhmad Kharis , Setyowati Erna Prawita
Published: February 2019

Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is known to have ability to protect skin against free radicals. This is supported by polyphenol compound catechin. This research aims to determine the optimum Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value of Tween 60 and Span 80 compositions on the optimum cream formula of ethanol extract of green tea leaves. Tea leaves are extracted by macerating using 70% ethanol. Catechin in extract is known from Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) test with silica gel 60 F254 as stationary phase and ethyl acetate:aquadest:formic acid (18:1:1 v/v) as mobile phase. Antioxidant activity is determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) method and value of Inhibition Concentration 50% (IC50) is then calculated. Formula optimization using Design Expert® version 7.1.5 (DX 7) software, Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method with two components Tween 60 and Span 80. Cream is characterized according to physical properties organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and cream type. The optimum formula obtained is then tested for physical stability for 4 weeks at room temperature (28±2°C) and data are statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The extract contains catechin proved with Retention factor (Rf) value 0.8 and has antioxidant activity with IC50 value 56.35 ppm. 6.4% Tween 60 and 3.6% Span 80 result an optimum HLB value 11.1. It has viscosity 2897.50±35.94 mPa.s, spreadability 18.44±0.06 cm2, adhesiveness 0.85±0.05 seconds, and pH 4.530±0.002. Statistical test shows that the cream is significantly altered at pH, but does not significantly change in viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness after being stored for 4 weeks.
Farmers’ Accessibility to Pesticides and Generalization of Farming Practices besides the Legal Framework in Northern Bafou, in the Bamboutos Mountains (West Cameroon)
Authors: TCHEKOTE Herve , TAJOUO Eddy L. NGUIFFEU , MELACHIO Martial NGUEDIA , SIYAPDJE Edwige C. , Mbeng Elvis
Published: February 2019

The use of pesticides improves farmers’ potential yield, but handling them with inexperienced hands increases the risk of human contamination and environmental pollution, and also reduces any prospect of sustainable agricultural development. Based on semi-structured interviews with pesticides dealers and other resource persons on the one hand, and a questionnaire administered to 120 households in the locality of Northern Bafou, this study highlights the environmental challenges posed by the widespread uncontrolled use of plant protection products. There is a wide range of pesticides found in Northern Bafou, marketed by  dealers in different categories, ranging from authorized and unauthorized shops to unskilled street vendors, whose essentially mercantile objective has led to the availability of these products even to peasants not always aware of the dangers incurred by their misuse. This dysfunction contrasts with the existence of an expanded legal and institutional framework in Cameroon for the management of pesticides, that is not implemented effectively.
SISTEMA DE GERÊNCIA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO PARA REDES PON (FTTX)
Authors: Carlesso Leandro , Ahlert Edson Moacir
Published: February 2019

A evolução em telecomunicações com o uso intenso de fibra óptica acompanhando a expansão tecnológica e a demanda de transmissão de dados tornou-se uma necessidade na atualidade. Novas estratégias vêm sendo adotadas para as redes de acesso e, dentre as mais proeminentes, estão as Redes Ópticas Passivas (PON) no contexto de FTTH (Fiber to the Home). Baseadas em fibra óptica e utilizando divisores de potência não alimentados por energia elétrica, essas redes são uma alternativa economicamente viável e cada vez mais comum. Este trabalho teve como objetivo construir uma ferramenta tecnológica que dê apoio aos funcionários de um provedor de Internet, e consiste em uma ferramenta de gerência e documentação de uma rede FTTX, baseada em mapa, com cadastros de caixas de atendimento, cadastro de clientes, entre outras funções. A ferramenta proposta contribui com a documentação da rede, agilidade na instalação e manutenção, com informações de CTOs (caixas de terminação ópticas) ou caixa de atendimento ao cliente próximas, além de manter um inventário atualizado e gerência facilitada dos recursos da rede óptica.
The determinants of recent soybean expansion in Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: de Melo Celidonio Otávio Lemos , Werner Liane S. , Gil Juliana Dias Bernardes
Published: February 2019

Understanding what drives, catalyzes or constraints land use change in the Brazilian agricultural frontier is a condition for effective policy design at the local level, which in turn might have implications for food production, environmental conservation and greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. We analyzed the process of agricultural expansion observed in the state of Mato Grosso, the country’s largest agricultural producer, by mapping and quantifying the incorporation of new farming areas and the conversion of existing ones into mechanized soybean fields at the farm-level. Through statistical modelling we also investigated the influence of key economic, biophysical, environmental and logistics variables on this process while accounting for recent changes in the Brazilian environmental legislation. We found that the area converted to soybean production increased almost 1.5 million hectares between 2009 and 2013, more than 70% of which in farms that already had some soybean in previous years. By comparing the explanatory power of eight regression models involving different groups of variables, we found that soybean expansion is strongly associated with the presence of other soybean fields and warehouses within 50-100 km. The model with the largest explanatory power suggests that soybean expansion is also likely to occur in areas of high conservation value. Finally, the sensitivity of soybean expansion to soybean prices indicated the potential for further agricultural growth in Mato Grosso while highlighting how crucial smart logistics investments are for regional development with environmental protection.
A structural equation model of cooperative member satisfaction and long-term commitment
Authors: Grashuis Jasper , Cook Michael Lee
Published: February 2019

The organizational growth of farmer cooperatives is tied to increased heterogeneity in member attitudes and perceptions. To inform possible solutions, a better understanding of the complex interrelationships of member attitudes and perceptions is necessary. Using survey responses from 1,116 members of an organic marketing cooperative in the United States, this paper develops a structural equation model of six factors: organic lifestyle, mission support, participation, trust, satisfaction, and long-term commitment. The final model illustrates nine significant relationships, including satisfaction and long-term commitment. The result suggests the long-term survival or viability of farmer cooperatives is not only dependent on its financial performance but also the utility of its members. In terms of member attitudes and perceptions, trust and mission support may offer the best opportunities for farmer cooperatives to foster member satisfaction and thus address the negative consequences of heterogeneity.
Solar powered hybrid multilevel inverter fed induction motor using fuzzy proportional integral speed controller
Authors: Senol Mehmet
Published: February 2019

In this paper, speed control of solar powered single phase hybrid multilevel inverter fed induction motor using fuzzy proportional integral controller is proposed. The proposed control system has been developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Performance of the proposed controller is tested in reference speed conditions with step change. The parameter analyzed for the proposed controller is steady-state error and settling time. This is compared with the proportional integral controller. Proposed speed controller is tested with two speed region such as low speed region and high speed region. In low speed region, speed command is varied from 40, 60, and 80 rad/s with 0.6 s step time. In high speed region, speed command is varied from 100, 120, and 140 rad/s with 0.6 s step time. Corresponding, performance parameters are measured and analyzed for both regions with proposed controller and proportional integral controller. From the test results, fuzzy proportional integral speed controlled hybrid multilevel inverter fed induction motor outperforms than proportional integral controller. Finally, the results are verified experimentally.
An explicit characterization of spherical curves according to bishop frame and an approximately solution
Authors: Balki-Okullu Pınar , Kocayigit Huseyin , Agirman-Aydin Tuba
Published: February 2019

In this paper, spherical curves are studied by using Bishop frame. First, the differential equation characterizing the spherical curves is given. Then, we exhibit that the position vector of a curve which is lying on a sphere satisfies a third-order linear differential equation. Then we solve this linear differential equation by using Bernstein series solution method.
Alternating direction implicit method for numerical solutions of 2-D burgers equations
Authors: Celikten Gonca , Aksan Emine
Published: February 2019

In this study, the system of 2-D Burgers equations is numerically solved by using alternating direction implicit method. Two model problems are studied to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the alternating direction implicit method. Numerical results obtained by present method are compared with the exact solutions and numerical solutions given by other researchers. It is displayed that the method is unconditionally stable by using the von-Neumann (Fourier) stability analysis method. It is shown that all results are in good agreement with the results given by existing numerical methods in the literature.
N-Bishop Darboux vector of the spacelike curve with spacelike binormal
Authors: Kusak-Samanci Hatice , Kocayigit Huseyin
Published: February 2019

In this article, the N-Bishop frame in Minkowski space is investigated for spacelike curves with a spacelike binormial. Some features of the normal expansion are proven via for the spacelike curve. Then, a new Darboux frame called by the N-Bishop Darboux frame is introduced at first time. Furthermore, some geometrical properties of the N-Bishop Darboux frame are proven. As a result, the N-Bishop Darboux axis and momentum rotation vector are calculated.
Local stability of dengue model using the fractional order system with different memory effect on the host and vector population
Authors: Hamdan Nur , Kilicman Adem
Published: February 2019

In this study, we formulate a fractional order dengue model by considering different order dynamics on human and mosquito population. The order of the differential equation is associated with the index of memory. Both human and mosquito carry a different value of order to showcase the different memory effect implies to each of them in the transmission process. Local stability of the equilibria is obtained based on the threshold parameter related to the basic reproduction number, denoted by R0. Finally, numerical simulations of the model are conducted to study the dynamical behavior of the system.
The dual spatial quaternionic expression of ruled surfaces
Authors: Caliskan Abdussamet , Şenyurt Süleyman
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the ruled surface which corresponds to a curve on dual unit sphere is rederived with the help of dual spatial quaternions. We extend the term of dual expression of ruled surface using dual spatial quaternionic method. The correspondences in dual space of closed ruled surfaces are quaternionically expressed. As a consequence, the integral invariants of these surfaces and the relationships between these invariants are shown
Peranan Etika Kerja Islam terhadap Hubungan Locus of Control dengan Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan
Published: February 2019

This study’s objectives to asses moderating effect of Islamic work ethic variable to relationship in between locus of control with employers performance. The asses used Simple linear regression and Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA). Census method was used this study which included 32 responden from PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk. Cabang Palu employers. Result of the study indicated significantly effect of Islamic work ethic from relationship between locus of control to employers performance. Interaction coeficient marked negatif with significant ρ about 0.014 (ρ < 0.05) that it mind variable of islamic work ethic would be moderating variable which its fungtion diluted relationship locus of control to employers performance. Therefore, it need carefully to handle Islamic work ethic of employers if want to improve their performance by locus of control percieved.
Keberfungsian Agama di Keluarga, Ancaman, Interaksi Teman Sebaya, dan Religiusitas Remaja
Authors: Siroj Eko Yuliarti , Sunarti Euis , Krisnatuti Diah
Published: February 2019

Religiosity has become one of significant factors in adolescence's development, which is influenced by the closest environment among others including religion function in family, threat, and interaction factors with peers. This research aims were analyzing influence adolescence's characteristics, mother's characteristics, religion function in family, threat, and peers interaction on adolescence's religiosity. This research used cross sectional study design on 240 students of class X having intact family and living with both of their parents. The respondents come from two senior high schools and two vocational schools (public and private) in Bogor that are selected purposively because of variation of social and economic status of the families. Data was processed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis (independent simple t-test and regression test). The result shows that parents of vocational schools’ students had higher religion function. Boys had higher threats than girls. Private school students had higher interaction than public.  Boys had higher religiosity than girls. Students of vocational school and private schools had higher religiosity than ones of senior high cchool and state school. Adolescent's age, religion function in family, and adolescents’s interaction with their peers had significant influence on the religiosity of adolescents. Meanwhile, adolescent's sex, age and mother's education did not have influence on the religiosity of adolescents.
Catalonia and the Basque Country – two models of Spanish separatism
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of  the Russian Federation, Dronova Svetlana Yurievna
Published: February 2019

The study examines the relevance of nationalist movements in two regions of Spain: the Basque Country and Catalonia. The views of well-known representatives of Catalan and Basque nationalism are analyzed. Several nationalists of the Basque Country are calling for a “synchronization” of their actions with Catalonia to achieve a review of the Constitution and the recognition of the “right to decide”, i.e. the right of the regions to decide inde-pendently on their status. The research notes that Catalonia and the Basque Country work towards their goal in diverse ways. Having faced the rigid and unshakable position of the Constitutional Court of Spain, Catalonia insists on its right to unilaterally withdraw from the country while the Basque Coun-try, which has experienced the extreme expression of nationalism through the activities of ETA, is in-clined to negotiate with Madrid. The author con-cludes that the only way to make nationalistic and separatist processes in these regions controlled by the center and more predictable is to create a legal basis for reviewing the status of the region.
Corporate culture assessment applied to improve the efficiency of an organization
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Chernova Elena Viktorovna , Chernov Grigory Egorovich ,   ZAO (Russia), Bazhenova Tatiana Sergeevna ,   Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: February 2019

Corporate culture is not only a tool for increasing staff motivation but it also enhances the company’s effectiveness, plays a major role in reaching both tactical and strategic objectives. The study analyzes the corporate culture of Bulochnye F. Volcheka, OOO (Russia), a flourishing chain of bakery and pastry cafes with a primary food processing facility and over 80 shops in St. Petersburg, by means of the Denison Model. The results of the analysis based on this model can be easily interpreted. Data pro-cessing made it possible to develop a list of activi-ties and their implementation areas. These activities are intended to promote and improve the company under review by enhancing the value of employees, fostering cultural behavior and favorable environ-ment, focusing on the successful achievement of desired goals and competitive advantages.