bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Biopotency Barriers: Advanced Oral Delivery Strategies for Enhancing the Efficacy of Bioactive Food Ingredients
Authors: Liu Ling , McClements David Julian , Liu Xuebo , Liu Fuguo
Published: October 2024

Bioactive food ingredients contribute to the promotion and maintenance of human health and wellbeing. However, these functional ingredients often exhibit low biopotency after food processing or gastrointestinal transit. Well‐designed oral delivery systems can increase the ability of bioactive food ingredients to resist harsh environments inside and outside the human body, as well as allow for controlled or triggered release of bioactives to specific sites in the gastrointestinal tract or other tissues and organs. This review presents the characteristics of common bioactive food ingredients and then highlights the barriers to their biopotency. It also discusses various oral delivery strategies and carrier types that can be used to overcome these biopotency barriers, with a focus on recent advances in the field. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of different delivery strategies are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges facing the development of food‐grade oral delivery systems are addressed, and areas where future research can lead to new advances and industrial applications of these systems are proposed.
Membrane Tension Regulation is Required for Wound Repair
Authors: Raj Nikita , Weiß Martin S. , Vos Bart E. , Weischer Sarah , Brinkmann Frauke , Betz Timo , Trappmann Britta , Gerke Volker
Published: October 2024

Disruptions of the eukaryotic plasma membrane due to chemical and mechanical challenges are frequent and detrimental and thus need to be repaired to maintain proper cell function and avoid cell death. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in wound resealing and restoration of homeostasis are diverse and contended. Here, it is shown that clathrin‐mediated endocytosis is induced at later stages of plasma membrane wound repair following the actual resealing of the wound. This compensatory endocytosis occurs near the wound, predominantly at sites of previous early endosome exocytosis which is required in the initial stage of membrane resealing, suggesting a spatio‐temporal co‐ordination of exo‐ and endocytosis during wound repair. Using cytoskeletal alterations and modulations of membrane tension and membrane area, membrane tension is identified as a major regulator of the wounding‐associated exo‐ and endocytic events that mediate efficient wound repair. Thus, membrane tension changes are a universal trigger for plasma membrane wound repair modulating the exocytosis of early endosomes required for resealing and subsequent clathrin‐mediated endocytosis acting at later stages to restore cell homeostasis and function.
SEC31a‐ATG9a Interaction Mediates the Recruitment of COPII Vesicles for Autophagosome Formation
Authors: Nie Jiaming , Ma Shaoyang , Wu Linyue , Li Ye , Cao Jiao , Li Meng , Mei Peter , Cooper Paul R. , Li Ang , Pei Dandan
Published: October 2024

Autophagy plays an important role in determining stem‐cell differentiation. During the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), autophagosome formation is upregulated but the reason is unknown. A long‐standing quest in the autophagy field is to find the membrane origin of autophagosomes. In this study, cytoplasmic coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum‐derived vesicles responsible for the transport of storage proteins to the Golgi, are demonstrated to be a critical source of osteoblastic autophagosomal membrane. A significant correlation between the number of COPII vesicle and the autophagy level is identified in the rat bone tissues. Disruption of COPII vesicles restrained osteogenesis and decreased the number and size of autophagosomes. SEC31a (an outer coat protein of COPII vesicle) is found to be vital to regulate COPII vesicle‐dependent autophagosome formation via interacting with ATG9a of autophagosomal seed vesicles. The interference of Sec31a inhibited autophagosome formation and osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These results identified a novel mechanism of autophagosome formation in osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and identified SEC31a as a critical protein that mediates the interplay between COPII and ATG9a vesicles. These findings broaden the understanding of the regulatory mechanism in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
An AI Agent for Fully Automated Multi‐Omic Analyses
Authors: Zhou Juexiao , Zhang Bin , Li Guowei , Chen Xiuying , Li Haoyang , Xu Xiaopeng , Chen Siyuan , He Wenjia , Xu Chencheng , Liu Liwei , Gao Xin
Published: October 2024

With the fast‐growing and evolving omics data, the demand for streamlined and adaptable tools to handle bioinformatics analysis continues to grow. In response to this need, Automated Bioinformatics Analysis (AutoBA) is introduced, an autonomous AI agent designed explicitly for fully automated multi‐omic analyses based on large language models (LLMs). AutoBA simplifies the analytical process by requiring minimal user input while delivering detailed step‐by‐step plans for various bioinformatics tasks. AutoBA's unique capacity to self‐design analysis processes based on input data variations further underscores its versatility. Compared with online bioinformatic services, AutoBA offers multiple LLM backends, with options for both online and local usage, prioritizing data security and user privacy. In comparison to ChatGPT and open‐source LLMs, an automated code repair (ACR) mechanism in AutoBA is designed to improve its stability in automated end‐to‐end bioinformatics analysis tasks. Moreover, different from the predefined pipeline, AutoBA has adaptability in sync with emerging bioinformatics tools. Overall, AutoBA represents an advanced and convenient tool, offering robustness and adaptability for conventional multi‐omic analyses.
In Situ Reconstructing NiFe Oxalate Toward Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Ren Xiaoyu , Dai Wenyuan , Zhang Hang , Sun Zhengyin , Ye Zhuang , Hou Ying , Liu Peizhi , Xu Bingshe , Qian Lihua , Liao Ting , Zhang Haixia , Guo Junjie , Sun Ziqi
Published: October 2024

Surface reconstruction plays an essential role in electrochemical catalysis. The structures, compositions, and functionalities of the real catalytic species and sites generated by reconstruction, however, are yet to be clearly understood, for the metastable or transit state of most reconstructed structures. Herein, a series of NiFe oxalates (NixFe1‐xC2O4, x = 1, 0.9, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, and 0) are synthesized for overall water splitting electrocatalysis. Whilst NixFe1‐xC2O4 shows great hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, the in situ reconstructed NixFe1‐xOOH exhibits outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. As identified by the in situ Raman spectroscopy and quasi‐in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques, reconstructions from NixFe1‐xC2O4 into defective NixFe1‐xOOH and finally amorphous NixFe1‐xOOH active species (R‐NixFe1‐xOOH) are confirmed upon cyclic voltammetry processes. Specifically, the fully reconstructed R‐Ni0.6Fe0.4OOH demonstrates the best OER activity (179 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2), originating from its abundant real active sites and optimal d‐band center. Benefiting from the reconstruction, an alkaline electrolyzer composed of a Ni0.6Fe0.4C2O4 cathode and an in situ reconstructed R‐Ni0.6Fe0.4OOH anode achieves a superb overall water splitting performance (1.52 V@10 mA cm−2). This work provides an in‐depth structure‐property relationship understanding on the reconstruction of catalysts and offers a new pathway to designing novel catalyst.
Solvation Modification and Interfacial Chemistry Regulation Via Amphoteric Amino Acids for Long‐Cycle Zinc Batteries
Authors: Wang Hengwei , Wang Keliang , Liang Bin , Wei Manhui , Xiong Jianyin , Zhong Daiyuan , Pei Pucheng
Published: October 2024

To address the issues of dendrite growth and zinc corrosion in rechargeable zinc‐air batteries, multifunctional glycine/valine additives are introduced into the electrolyte. By regulating the solvation shell structure and enhancing interfacial stability, these additives aim to protect the reversibility and stability of the zinc anode. Glycine/valine molecules inhibit the formation of the [Zn(H2O)6]2+ and Zn5(OH)8(OAc)2·2H2O by‐products at the interface by replacing active water molecules in a strong alkaline environment. Additionally, they form a hydrophobic electric double layer on the zinc metal surface, during the charge/discharge process, and construct an in situ solid electrolyte interface layer. This further suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction and dendrite growth. The superior long‐term cycling stability of Zn||Zn cells, Zn||Cu, and zinc‐air full cells demonstrates the effectiveness of glycine/valine additives.
Ring‐Opening Polymerization Reconfigures Polyacrylonitrile Network for Ultra Stable Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Han , Liao Yaqi , Leung Chihon , Zhang Yangqian , Yang Yuewen , Liu Fangyan , Wei Ying , Fan Che , Zhang Shuoxiao , Wang Donghai , Yan Jie , Liu Qi , Chung Chiyuen , Ren Yang , Huang Yunhui , Yang Jiayi
Published: October 2024

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a promising polymer for solid‐state lithium (Li) metal batteries (SSLMBs). However, the low ionic conductivity of PAN‐based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and unstable Li/PAN interface hinder the applications of PAN in SSLMBs. Herein, a strategy of ring‐opening polymerization is proposed to reconfigure the PAN‐based SPE network. Triggered by the alkaline species from Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 nanoparticles, ethylene carbonate (EC) undergoes nucleophilic ring‐opening reaction, and subsequently forms dipole–dipole interaction with the PAN chain. This polymerization process consequently reconfigures PAN segment, endowing the SPE with rapid Li+ transport channels and enhanced interfacial stability with Li metal. As a result, the designed PAN‐based SPE demonstrates high ionic conductivity of 2.96 × 10−4 S cm−1 and Li+ transference number of 0.56 at 25 °C. The Li/Li symmetric cells with the reconfigured PAN network deliver a high critical current density of 1.8 mA cm−2 and maintain stable Li plating/stripping for 1200 h. A high‐capacity retention of 90.1% after 1000 cycles at 2 C is achieved in LiFePO4 (LFP)/Li solid‐state cells with PAN‐based SPEs. Moreover, the LFP/Li and LiNi0.8Co0.1Co0.1O2/Graphite pouch batteries both present good cycling and safety performances. This strategy provides new insights into designing high‐performance PAN‐based SPE for SSLMBs.
A Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery with High Energy Efficiency Enabled by a Hydrogen Peroxide Bifunctional Catalyst
Authors: Kottaichamy Alagar Raja , Tzadikov Jonathan , Pedersen Angus , Barrio Jesús , Mark Gabriel , Liberman Itamar , Upcher Alexander , Volokh Michael , Hod Idan , Barzilai Shmuel , Noked Malachi , Shalom Menny
Published: October 2024

Rechargeable alkaline zinc–air batteries (ZAB) hold great promise as a viable, sustainable, and safe alternative energy storage system to the lithium‐ion battery. However, the practical realization of ZABs is limited by their intrinsically low energy trip efficiency, stemming from a large charge and discharge potential gap. This overpotential is attributed to the four‐electron oxygen evolution and reduction reactions and their sluggish kinetics. Here, a new concept based on two‐electron generation and consumption of hydrogen peroxide at the air electrode is introduced. The O2/peroxide chemistry, facilitated by a newly developed Ni‐based bifunctional electrocatalyst, enables fast peroxide generation/consumption, exceptional energy efficiency, high durability, and high capacity. Hence, this new design offers substantial progress toward the commercialization of high energy density metal–air batteries.
Metal‐coordinated amino acid/peptide/protein‐based supramolecular self‐assembled nanomaterials for anticancer applications
Authors: Shabbir Maryam , Atiq Atia , Wang Jiahua , Atiq Maria , Saeed Nyla , Yildiz Ibrahim , Yan Xuehai , Xing Ruirui , Abbas Manzar
Published: October 2024

Biomolecules with metals can form supramolecular nanomaterials through coordination assembly, opening new avenues for cancer theranostics and bringing unique insights into personalized nanomedicine. These biomaterials have been considered versatile and innovative nanoagents due to their structure‒function control, biological nature, and simple preparation methods. This review article summarized the recent developments in multicomponent nanomaterials formed from metal coordination interactions with amino acids, peptides, and proteins, together with anticancer drugs, for cancer theranostics. We discussed the role of functional groups anchored in building blocks for coordination interactions, and subsequently, the types of interactions were examined from a structure‒function perspective. Amino acids with different metals and anticancer drugs forming supramolecular nanomaterials and their anticancer mechanisms were highlighted. Peptides with different metals and anticancer drugs, proteins with metals and anticancer drugs used for material formations, and anticancer activity have been discussed. Ultimately, the conclusion and future outlook for multicomponent supramolecular nanomaterials offer fundamental insights into fabrication design and precision medicine.
Temporal lobe evolution in Hominidae and the origin of human lobe proportions
Authors: Pearson Alannah , Polly P. David
Published: October 2024

Objectives Evolutionary changes in hominin social complexity have been associated with increases in absolute brain size. The temporal lobes are nestled in the middle cranial fossae (MCF) of the skull, the dimensions of which allow estimation of temporal lobe volume (TLV) in extant and fossil taxa. Materials and Methods The main aim of this study is to determine where along the hominid phylogeny, major temporal lobe size transitions occurred. We used computed tomography (CT) scans of crania, 3D photogrammetry data, and laser surface scans of endocranial casts to measure seven MCF metrics in 11 extant anthropoid taxa using multiple regressions to estimate TLV in 5 extant hominids and 10 fossil hominins. Phylogenetic comparative methods mapped temporal lobe size, brain size, and temporal lobe proportions onto phylogenetic trees broadly for Hominidae and specifically for Hominini. Results Extant Homo sapiens were not an outlier in relative brain size, temporal lobe size, or proportions of the temporal lobes, but some proportions within the lobe were uniquely altered. The most notable changes in relative temporal lobe size and proportions saw a decrease in relative temporal lobe size and proportions in the genus Pan compared to other extant great apes and fossil hominins while there was a relative increase in the temporal lobe width and length in Australopithecus–Paranthropus clade compared to the genus Homo and other extant great apes including modern humans. Discussion We do not find support for the social brain, environmental or functional craniology hypotheses alone but think it prudent to consider the implications of cerebral reorganization between the temporal lobes and other regions of the brain within the context of these hypotheses and with future investigation is warranted.
Anisotropic Spheres with Tolman–Kuchowicz Spacetime in the Context of f(Q,T)$f(Q,T)$ Gravity
Authors: Chalavadi Chaitra Chooda , Venkatesha V. , Kumara H Aruna
Published: October 2024

This study primarily focuses on exploring the nature of anisotropic spheres within the framework of extended symmetric teleparallel gravity. To accomplish this, an anisotropic matter distribution for gravity model with Tolman–Kuchowicz spacetime is considered. Through this analysis, the necessary conditions for matching the interior and exterior geometries of the spheres are discussed and calculated the values of the unknown parameters involved. Furthermore, the physical properties of these spheres are analyzed using observational data from compact objects. The results demonstrate that the interior solutions obtained for anisotropic spheres fulfill all requisite physical criteria, thereby ensuring the stability of our model.
Anaesthetic management of a patient with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, suprasystemic pulmonary artery pressures and carcinoma of the ascending colon*
Authors: Gurajala I. , Reddy G. P. , Vejendla K. , Vanaja V. , Verma G. S. R. , Jonnavithula N.
Published: October 2024

A 35‐year‐old woman with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension underwent open hemicolectomy with cholecystectomy under combined general and epidural anaesthesia. Intra‐operative pulmonary artery pressure, as measured by Swan‐Ganz catheter, was suprasystemic and managed with inodilators. She developed postoperative right ventricular dysfunction requiring inotropes, incremental pulmonary vasodilators and prolonged oxygen supplementation. One year after surgery, she is recurrence‐free with oxygen saturations of 88–90% on air. This case highlights that with meticulous care and multidisciplinary team input, patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension can have favourable outcomes after major cancer surgery.
Stress resistance, antiaging, and neuroprotective activities of baicalein 5,6‐dimethyl ether and Alnus rugosa extract in Caenorhabditis elegans model
Authors: Ayoub Iriny M. , Eldahshan Omayma A. , Roxo Mariana , Zhang Shaoxiong , Wink Michael , Singab Abdel Nasser B.
Published: October 2024

The leaf extract of Alnus rugosa (AR) together with the isolated compound baicalein 5,6‐dimethyl ether (BME) were investigated for their antioxidant, radical scavenging, antiaging, and neuroprotective properties using the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The stress resistance and antiaging potential of AR and BME were assessed in wild‐type N2 and transgenic C. elegans strains CF1553, TJ356, and BA17. Transgenic CL4176 expressing the human amyloid‐beta peptide (Aβ) was used as a model for Aβ toxicity, whereas transgenic AM141 expressing polyQ aggregates was employed as a model for Huntington's disease. An in silico molecular docking study using Discovery Studio 4.5 was performed to elucidate the putative binding mode of BME to the active sites of Daf‐2 protein, involved in longevity and oxidative stress resistance in C. elegans. BME and AR significantly delayed the appearance of oxidative stress markers in wild‐type N2 and transgenic strains TJ356 and CF1553, affecting the DAF‐16/FOXO transcription factor subcellular distribution and inducing expression of the sod‐3 antioxidative gene. Pretreatment with AR significantly reduced the aging marker lipofuscin accumulation in BA17 worms, its effect was greater than that of epigallocatechin gallate, suggesting a potential antiaging effect. Neuroprotective effects of AR and BME were confirmed in AM141 transgenic worms, inducing a significant reduction in the score of polyQ40::GFP aggregates. Moreover, BME (25 µg/mL) resulted in a significant delay in Aβ‐induced paralysis in CL4176 worms. In silico molecular modeling revealed that BME exhibited good fitting scores within the active sites of the Daf‐2 protein. AR and BME exert beneficial effects in the modulation of age‐related markers and attenuation of neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, AR and BME could be recognized as promising antioxidant and neuroprotective natural drug candidates that could be included in neuro‐nutraceuticals.
Negative consequences of information gatekeeping through algorithmic technologies: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper
Authors: Potnis Devendra , Tahamtan Iman , McDonald Luke
Published: October 2024

Rarely any study investigates how information gatekeeping through the solutions and services enabled by algorithms, hereafter referred to as algorithmic technologies (AT), creates negative consequences for the users. To fill this gap, this state‐of‐the‐art review analyzes 229 relevant articles from diverse academic disciplines. We employed thematic analysis to identify, analyze, classify, and reveal the chain reactions among the negative consequences. We found that the gatekeeping of information (text, audio, video, and graphics) through AT like artificial intelligence (e.g., chatbots, large language models, machine learning, robots), decision support systems (used by banks, grocery stores, police, etc.), hashtags, online gaming platforms, search technologies (e.g., voice assistants, ChatGPT), and Web 3.0 (e.g., Internet of Things, non‐fungible tokens) creates or reinforces cognitive vulnerability, economic divide and financial vulnerability, information divide, physical vulnerability, psychological vulnerability, and social divide virtually and in the offline world. Theoretical implications include the hierarchical depiction of the chain reactions among the primary, secondary, and tertiary divides and vulnerabilities. To mitigate these negative consequences, we call for concerted efforts using top‐down strategies for governments, organizations, and technology experts to attain more transparency, accountability, ethical behavior, and moral practices, and bottom‐up strategies for users to be more alert, discerning, critical, and proactive.
Chromofungin mitigates free fatty acids‐induced endothelial inflammation via inhibition of NOD‐like receptor thermal protein domain‐associated protein 3 mediated by adenosine 5ʹ‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase
Authors: Lan Qing , Chen Jian , Yang Yongqiang
Published: October 2024

Free fatty acids (FFAs) have emerged as significant risk factors for atherosclerosis (AS). Prolonged exposure to FFAs induces vascular endothelial injury, including inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, which are central events in AS. Chromofungin (CHR), a peptide derived from chromogranin A (CGA), has been implicated in various biological functions. However, its physiological roles in endothelial biology and its involvement in the pathological development of AS have not been previously reported. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms through which CHR exerts its beneficial effects on FFA‐challenged human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). We found that treatment with CHR ameliorated the FFA‐induced reduction in cell viability and increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Additionally, CHR mitigated oxidative stress by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Furthermore, exposure to FFAs increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, which were attenuated by CHR in a dose‐dependent manner. Notably, CHR reduced the levels of nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat‐containing (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and cleaved caspase‐1 (p10), key components of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, as well as interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) expression. Mechanistically, it was demonstrated that FFAs reduced the phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), which were rescued by CHR in a dose‐dependent manner. Conversely, inhibition of AMPK with its specific inhibitor compound C abolished the protective effects of CHR against FFA‐induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in HAECs. Based on these findings, we conclude that CHR may serve as a promising agent for maintaining normal endothelial cell function and treating AS.
Highly Sensitive Detection of Sulfur Ion in Water by Four‐Color Fluorescence Based on Cu‐Containing Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Wang Chen , Li Wenheng , Wang Xiaohong , Xiang Dongshan , Zhai Kun
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a highly sensitive method for sulfur ion (S2−) detection was developed based on a four‐color fluorescence probe constructed from copper‐containing metal–organic framework (CuBDC) and four dye‐labeled single‐strand DNA (ssDNA). In the absence of S2−, dye‐labeled ssDNA can be adsorbed on the surface of CuBDC, and the dyes are close to copper ion on the CuBDC surface, their fluorescence is quenched by copper ion, and their fluorescence signals are weak. In the presence of S2− in the system, S2− reacts with copper ion in CuBDC to form CuS, which has a more stable structure than complex CuBDC, resulting in the decomposition of CuBDC. In this case, dye‐labeled ssDNA are detached from the CuBDC surface and dissolved in the solution, and the fluorescence of the dyes is restored. Under the optimized conditions, there is a good linear relationship between the total fluorescence intensity of four dyes and the concentration of S2− in the range of 2 × 10−9 to 5 × 10−8 mol/L; the detection limit is 2.2 × 10−10 mol/L. The method has a good selectivity and accuracy, and it can be applied to the analysis and detection of S2− in actual water samples.
Unveiling synergies: Business intelligence nexus with environmental and financial performance in Bangladeshi manufacturing firms
Authors: Rahman Md. Mominur , Abdul Kader Jilani Munshi Muhammad
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the rise in the utilization of business intelligence (BI) as a pivotal tool for enhancing economic performance has spurred considerable interest. This study, anchored in resource‐based theory, delves into the intricate relationships among BI, environmental performance (EP), financial performance (FP), green accounting (GA), and energy efficiency (EE) within manufacturing firms in Bangladesh. Employing a multistage stratified random sampling technique, a structured questionnaire was administered to 368 participants over 5 months starting in June 2023. The study employs a comprehensive analytical method that includes disjoint two‐stage PLS‐based structural equation modeling, artificial neural networks, and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to ensure robust and insightful results. The findings highlight the positive and significant impact of BI on EP, FP, GA, and EE for manufacturing firms, demonstrating the efficacy of BI in driving improvements across environmental and financial metrics. Notably, the study unveils the mediating effects of EE between GA and FP, as well as between BI and FP, emphasizing the crucial role of EE in bolstering financial outcomes. Moreover, EP emerges as a mediator between BI and GA, underscoring the connectedness of these constructs within the organizational frame. Pioneering in offering a BI‐integrated concepts for environmental and FP, exploring mediating effects, and applying the integrated modeling approach, this research provides theoretical insights and practical implications, offering valuable guidance for stakeholders aiming to leverage BI strategies effectively.
‘It's good, at the same time bad’: Youth voice on a major social housing redevelopment project in Canada
Authors: Fang Lin , Yim Shivon , Al‐Raes Maria , Ricketts Rhashari
Published: October 2024

Focusing on young people in Regent Park, Canada's first social housing project, this study emerged from a collaboration between university and community partners. It aimed to unpack young people's placemaking, exploring how they define and relate to their neighbourhood amidst the largest urban redevelopment in Canadian history. Following the community engagement in research (CEnR) framework and Freire's critical pedagogy, this study used arts‐based methods, including photovoice, photo elicitation, and neighbourhood mapping, with youth in Regent Park. Youth contributed to the study analysis through participating in photovoice activities. Thematic analysis was used to further solidify study findings. Five themes were generated: (1) a community‐like home and family, (2) organizations and physical spaces as resources, (3) good memories, (4) everyday life in Regent Park, and (5) redevelopment and neighbourhood safety as challenges. Despite the disruptions caused by the housing redevelopment, youth emphasized their sense of community, belonging, as well as their connections with the community. The findings contribute to placemaking literature in the context of social housing. Youth insight render practical and research implications. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Use of sirolimus‐coated balloon in de novo coronary lesions; long‐term clinical outcomes from a multi‐center real‐world population
Authors: Basavarajaiah Sandeep , Sharma Vinoda , Sticchi Alessandro , Caiazzo Gianluca , Mottola Filiberto Fausto , Waduge Bhagya Harindi Loku , Athukorala Sampath , Fawazy Mazaya , Testa Luca , Colombo Antonio
Published: October 2024

Background

Sirolimus‐coated balloon (SCB), a relatively novel technology appears attractive due to the drug properties (safety and efficacy) and sirolimus remains the drug of choice in stents. However, there is limited data long‐term data on SCB. In this study, we have explored the clinical outcomes following the use of SCB in de‐novo lesions from a real‐world practice.

Aims

To report long‐term clinical outcomes following the use of Siroliumus coated balloon in de novo lesions.

Methods and Results

We analyzed all patients treated with an SCB in de novo lesions between 2016 and 2023 at four high‐volume centers in UK and Italy. The outcomes measured included cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI), target lesion revascularization (TLR) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

During the study period, 771 patients had SCB in de novo lesions. Diabetes mellitus was noted in 36% of patients (n = 280), of which 14% (n = 108) were insulin dependent. Fifteen percent (n = 117) had chronic kidney disease, Fifty‐two percent (n = 398) of cases were in the setting acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and of which 51 cases (7%) were ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. Small vessels (<3.0 mm) accounted for 78% (n = 601) of cases and 76% (n = 584) were long lesions (20 mm). The mean diameter of SCB was 2.6 ± 0.4 mm and the mean length was 25 ± 10.39 mm. Bailout stenting following SCB was required in 9% lesions (n = 67).

During the median follow‐up 640 days, total death occurred in 39 (5%) patients and of which, cardiac death occurred in 10 patients (1.3%). TVMI occurred in 20 patients (2.6%). TLR and TVR were 5.6% and 5.8% respectively. The overall MACE rate was 8%. We had no documented case of acute vessel closure.

Conclusions

The results from this long‐term follow‐up in a real‐world population are encouraging with low rates of hard endpoints and acceptable rates of TLR and MACE despite a complex group of patients. Our data suggest that SCBs are safe in coronary intervention with good clinical outcomes in the long term.
Composite PEDOT:PSS‐PEO Layers for Improving Lithium Batteries**
Authors: Ritter Timothy G. , Il Kim Yong , Bezerra De Souza Breno , Wang Xinnian , Pan Yayue , Yurkiv Vitaliy , Yarin Alexander L. , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza
Published: October 2024

This work investigates the application of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with polyethylene oxide (PEO) in lithium batteries (LIBs). This composite film comprising PEDOT:PSS and PEO was 3D printed onto a carbon nanofiber (CNF) substrate to serve as a layer between the polypropylene (PP) separator and the lithium anode in LIBs. The resulting CNF‐PEDOT:PSS‐PEO film exhibited superior mechanical and thermal properties compared to conventional PP separators. Mechanical tests revealed a high Young's modulus and puncture strength for the composite film. Thermal stability tests indicated that the CNF‐PEDOT:PSS‐PEO film remained stable at higher temperatures compared to the commercial PP separator, and combustion tests confirmed its superior fire‐resistance properties. In terms of conductivity, the composite film maintained comparable ionic conductivity to the commercial PP separator. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that LIBs incorporating the CNF‐PEDOT:PSS‐PEO film exhibited slight improvement in cycling performance, with a 7.9 % increase in long‐term cycling capacity compared to LIBs using only the commercial PP separator. These findings indicate that the developed CNF‐PEDOT:PSS‐PEO composite film holds promise to improve safety, while maintaining the electrochemical performance of LIBs by reducing dendrite formation and enhancing thermal stability.
Spatial–Temporal Deviation Analysis for Multivariate Statistical Process Monitoring
Authors: Wang Meng , Tong Chudong , Xu Feng , Luo Lijia
Published: October 2024

Given that an effective process monitoring implementation should take both the spatial and temporal variations into account, a novel online process monitoring scheme based on a newly formulated algorithm titled as spatial–temporal deviation analysis (STDA) is proposed. Different from the mainstream process monitoring methods that focus on characterizing the spatial and/or temporal variation in the historical normal samples, the proposed STDA algorithm is designed to adaptively and timely train a pair of projecting vectors to uncover potential deviation in the spatial–temporal variation of online monitored samples, so as to guarantee consistently enhanced monitoring performance. Instead of utilizing a fixed projecting framework trained offline, the STDA algorithm is repeatedly executed once a newly measured sample become available for online monitoring. Therefore, the proposed STDA‐based method could consistently ensure its effectiveness for online fault detection, because a projecting framework targeted to revealing deviation in spatial–temporal variation is dynamically determined for different online monitoring samples in a timely manner. Finally, the salient monitoring performance achieved by the proposed STDA‐based approach is evaluated through comparisons with other counterparts.
Energy efficient dynamic scheduling of dependent tasks for multi‐core real‐time systems using delay techniques
Authors: Baital Kalyan , Chakrabarti Amlan
Published: October 2024

Optimizing energy consumption and maximizing throughput in multi‐core real‐time architectures through dynamic task scheduling is a critical design challenge. While significant attention has been devoted to addressing this challenge in the domain of real‐time multi‐core scheduling, the focus has primarily centered on considering periodic tasks as independent. However, the existing literature notably lacks comprehensive study of scheduling methodologies on multi‐core systems that consider dependent tasks, though typical real‐time systems execute tasks that share resources. Earlier studies have predominantly examined scenarios involving random new tasks and task instances (jobs), which are executed in different power levels. Each task (and job) has distinct execution time corresponding to each power level. By considering these parameters (power levels and execution times of jobs), various combinations of energy signatures have been found to attain an optimum system state. Building upon this prior research, our paper extends the scope to encompass task scheduling in multi‐core systems with task dependencies. We introduce a novel approach that categorizes dependent tasks into ASAP (as soon as possible) and ALAP (as late as possible) groups, prioritizing task execution based on task mobility—defined as the disparity between the last cycle the task can be scheduled in and the current cycle. Furthermore, our model demonstrates an approach for efficient scheduling of sporadic and aperiodic tasks within this framework. Through experimental validation using randomized task sets, our results indicate that the proposed model achieves a minimum of 5% reduction in normalized total energy consumption compared to existing methodologies.
New Drug Development Strategy in Japan: Flexibility in Guideline Adherence
Authors: Kobayashi Mihoko , Narukawa Mamoru
Published: October 2024

Recently, a new type of drug lag, known as “drug loss” has emerged in Japan. It is a condition where the development of a drug approved in other countries has not been initiated in Japan. For 265 new drugs approved in the United States or Europe during 2010–2020, only 31% had commenced development in Japan as of December 31, 2020. A characteristic feature of Japanese guidelines on new drug development is that, in principle, clinical trial data in Japanese participants are required in each study phase. Given key players in new drug development are shifting from large pharmaceutical companies to emerging biopharma companies, primarily based outside Japan, the necessity for Japanese data may contribute to the drug lag. This study aimed to clarify the guideline adherence to new drug applications in Japan. Of the 159 new drugs approved in Japan between April 2019 and March 2024, the clinical data packages for almost all drugs included both pharmacokinetic (PK) data and efficacy and safety data in Japanese participants, irrespective of the study phase or design. We identified three flexible development approaches: the absence of Japanese dose–response data (39.6%), absence of Japanese confirmatory data generated from phase III randomized controlled trials (35.2%), and post‐hoc Japanese PK data (43.0%, 34/79). Biologics, orphan drug designation, antineoplastic agents, and same applicant and originator were identified as factors significantly associated with these flexibilities. The results will help foreign companies, including emerging biopharmas, in formulating effective new drug development strategies, potentially alleviating the drug lag in Japan.
Design of Broadband Highly Efficient Power Amplifier Based on Low‐Pass Filtering Network With Periodic Structure
Authors: Xu Sen , Wu JianFeng , Chen Xiang
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a broadband high‐efficiency power amplifier (PA) is designed by using an easily implementable low‐pass filtering network with periodic structure as the output matching circuit to achieve bandwidth expansion of the PA. The proposed periodic structure is based on right‐handed T‐type basic cells, which can achieve wideband filtering responses. In addition, the load design space of the extended continuous Class‐F mode is combined as the target impedance to achieve an efficiency improvement in bandwidth PAs. For verification, a broadband highly efficient PA across 0.6–3.6 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 143% is designed, fabricated, and measured. The test results have shown a drain efficiency of 60.8%–70.4% and gain of 8.5–11.9 dB with a saturation output power under 3‐dB gain compression of 38.5–41.9 dBm.
Endothelial cell senescence contributes to pathological retinal angiogenesis
Authors: Shi Zehui , Liu Bo , Dai Jinhui , Chen Xiuping
Published: October 2024

Background

Pathological retinal neovascularization is marked by microvascular lesions manifested initially as endothelial cell dysfunction and metabolic disturbances. However, the regulatory mechanism guiding retinal vascular endothelial cell function remian controversial.

Main body

Previous studies have demonstarted that high glucose or oxidative stress can induce premature senescence in endothelial cells, triggering inflammatory responses within the vascular system and promoting the secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors, ultimately leading to pathological angiogenesis. Endothelial cell senescence has thus become a key target for anti‐angiogenic therapies.

Conclusion

This review delves into current research on the mechanisms driving senescence‐induced retinal angiogenesis and highlights potential target protein pathways, aiming to provide insights for future investigations.
Understanding how restoration reduces competition for habitat by combining theory, observation, and experiment
Authors: Polivka Carlos M. , Malone Margaret A. , Carran Spencer A. , Dwyer Greg
Published: October 2024

Habitat selection theory enables inferences about species habitat choice across a range of observed population densities. However, it is relatively uncommon to use habitat selection theory in studies of habitat restoration efficacy to understand the effect of restoration on habitat competition. We combined observational density data and resource selection functions to analyze habitat correlations with both habitat selection theory and a mark–recapture experiment to show how habitat restoration can mitigate competition between species with similar habitat preferences. To restore degraded and channelized riverine habitat for juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) engineered log jams (ELJs) have been installed to create pools to enhance growth and rearing. Application of habitat selection theory first showed that both species share a preference for ELJ‐treated habitat over unrestored habitat. Linear models showed that steelhead are generalists with respect to depth in unrestored habitat, whereas both species' abundance varies along a depth gradient in ELJ‐treated habitat. Selective versus opportunistic use of deep and shallow ELJ pools was density‐dependent. We found a range of densities at which a “ghost of competition” exists, where Chinook are selective on deep ELJ‐treated pools and steelhead are selective on shallow pools. A mark–recapture experiment confirmed that steelhead limit Chinook movement into unrestored habitat, but this competitive effect vanished in ELJ‐treated habitat where selection occurred with respect to pool depth. The experiment, combined with theory, enabled (1) the identification of a mechanism allowing for shared preference of restored habitat and (2) the description of how restoration can mitigate competition.
Understanding species limits through the formation of phylogeographic lineages
Authors: Burbrink Frank T. , Myers Edward A. , Pyron R. Alexander
Published: October 2024

The outcomes of speciation across organismal dimensions (e.g., ecological, genetic, phenotypic) are often assessed using phylogeographic methods. At one extreme, reproductively isolated lineages represent easily delimitable species differing in many or all dimensions, and at the other, geographically distinct genetic segments introgress across broad environmental gradients with limited phenotypic disparity. In the ambiguous gray zone of speciation, where lineages are genetically delimitable but still interacting ecologically, it is expected that these lineages represent species in the context of ontology and the evolutionary species concept when they are maintained over time with geographically well‐defined hybrid zones, particularly at the intersection of distinct environments. As a result, genetic structure is correlated with environmental differences and not space alone, and a subset of genes fail to introgress across these zones as underlying genomic differences accumulate. We present a set of tests that synthesize species delimitation with the speciation process. We can thereby assess historical demographics and diversification processes while understanding how lineages are maintained through space and time by exploring spatial and genome clines, genotype‐environment interactions, and genome scans for selected loci. Employing these tests in eight lineage‐pairs of snakes in North America, we show that six pairs represent 12 “good” species and that two pairs represent local adaptation and regional population structure. The distinct species pairs all have the signature of divergence before or near the mid‐Pleistocene, often with low migration, stable hybrid zones of varying size, and a subset of loci showing selection on alleles at the hybrid zone corresponding to transitions between distinct ecoregions. Locally adapted populations are younger, exhibit higher migration, and less ecological differentiation. Our results demonstrate that interacting lineages can be delimited using phylogeographic and population genetic methods that properly integrate spatial, temporal, and environmental data.
Thermally Primed Zostera muelleri Seeds Exhibit Higher Germination Rates Than Those From Ambient Conditions
Authors: Moir Tom , Huggett Megan J. , Smith Timothy M. , Gaston Troy F.
Published: October 2024

Seagrasses provide critical ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, sediment stabilisation and nursery habitat for juvenile fish. Zostera muelleri is ubiquitous within Australian and New Zealand estuaries, however, as a species is relatively understudied. We sourced seeds from a thermally affected east Australian estuary and investigated whether germination rates differed between ambient and thermally affected seeds over a variety of temperatures (16°C–28°C) to determine how seagrass systems might react in a warming climate. Germination for the experiment was low and totalled 5% of all seeds; however, similar numbers are typical in seed germination studies. Germination was highest at 16°C and was enhanced through the simulation of a 48‐h freshwater pulse. Thermally affected sites germinated faster and had greater mean maximum germination when compared to control sites regardless of experimental temperature. These findings indicate that Z. muelleri in this system may be exhibiting transgenerational plasticity due to the thermal stress the parent experiences. This result provides an alternate viewpoint to the current literature by suggesting that unknown transgenerational effects may provide Z. muelleri with greater germination plasticity against temperatures expected under predicted climate change scenarios than previously expected.
Unraveling the multiple facilitative effects of consumers on marine primary producers
Authors: Bracken Matthew E. S. , Bernatchez Genevieve , Badten Alexander J. , Chatfield Rachel A.
Published: October 2024

The loss of consumers threatens the integrity of ecological systems, but the mechanisms underlying the effects on communities and ecosystems remain difficult to predict. This is, in part, due to the complex roles that consumers play in those systems. Here, we highlight this complexity by quantifying two mechanisms by which molluscan grazers—typically thought of as consumers of their algal resources—facilitate algae on rocky shores. Initial observations in high‐zone tide pools revealed that both water‐column ammonium concentrations and photosynthetic biomass were higher in pools containing higher densities of grazers, suggesting that local‐scale nutrient recycling by the grazers could be enhancing algal biomass. We assessed this possibility by experimentally manipulating grazer abundances at the level of whole tide pools but controlling access of those grazers to experimental plots within each pool. Contrary to predictions that algal biomass inside grazer exclusions would increase as grazer abundances in the pools increased, we found that algal biomass inside grazer‐exclusion fences was unaffected by grazer abundances. Instead, the consumptive effects of grazers that were evident at low grazer abundances transitioned to facilitative effects as experimentally manipulated grazer abundances increased. This finding suggested that these positive interactions were associated with the physical presence of grazers and not just grazers' effects on nutrient availability. Subsequent experiments highlighted the potential role of “slime”—the pedal mucous trails left behind as the mollusks crawl on the substratum—in promoting the recruitment of algae and thereby mediating a spatial subsidy of new organic matter into the system. Furthermore, different grazer groups contributed disproportionately to ammonium excretion (i.e., turban snails) versus slime production (i.e., littorine snails), suggesting a potential role for grazer diversity. Our work highlights the complex ways in which consumers affect their resources, including multiple, complementary mechanisms by which these grazers facilitate the algae they consume.