bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of physico‐mechanical, thermal, morphological, optical and biodegradation properties of polyvinyl alcohol films reinforced with alkali treated Limonia acidissima shell powder
Authors: Loganathan L. , Saravanakumar S. S. , Murugan R.
Published: April 2022

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and various concentrations of (5–25 wt%) alkali treated Limonia acidissima shell powder (LASP) was utilized to develop bio composite packaging films by solution casting method. The alkali treatment (5%NaOH) of the LASP particles were carried out to improve the interface adhesion between filler and PVA matrix and also remove non cellulosic contents from LASP. The biofilms were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analyzer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Tensile test, UV–vis spectroscopy analysis, water uptake, water vapor permeability, and soil burial test. The bio composite films reinforced with alkali treated LASP particles and compatibilized matrix lead to notable increase in the mechanical, optical, and biodegradation properties when compared to the neat PVA film. The increase in thermal stability (13.49%) of (332.06°C) PVA/alkali‐treated LASP biofilm compared to that of pure PVA film (287.24°C). Tensile stress and young's modulus were enhanced to 57.03% and 83.35%, respectively, with the inclusion of alkali‐treated LASP (up to 20 wt%) in PVA film. Scanning electron microscope micrographs showed that, beyond the 20 wt% of the filler the irregularities emerged on the surface of the biofilms, consequently the mechanical and water barrier properties were diminished However, the PVA/alkali‐treated LASP biofilms absorb less water than pure PVA films. The increased water transport with in the films facilitated the biodegradation behavior (32.11% of weight loss in soil) of composite film. Hence the results suggested the composite films developed in the study to be an ideal material for packaging and cosmetics industries as well as adding the value to wood apple (Limonia acidissima) waste.
Assessment of damage tolerance of bolted composite structures via “bearing‐after‐impact” tests
Authors: Kaybal Halil Burak
Published: April 2022

Although bolted composite joints are mainly designed to resist bearing loading, dynamic loading such as low‐velocity impact can also be a severe threat because of its potential to reduce joint reliability. Surprisingly, it is still unclear how bolted composite joints perform after the dynamic loading, and its effect on the damage tolerance is unknown likewise. This study aims to evaluate experimentally the bearing‐after‐impact (BAI) damage tolerance of bolted glass‐fiber (GF) reinforced epoxy composite joints. For this, the GF/epoxy composite laminates were assembled in single‐lap shear joints firstly, and the bolted composite joints were subjected to low‐velocity impact tests at various energy levels from 3 to 10 J. Following that, standardized bearing tests were carried out to determine the damage tolerance of the laminated composites following the impact. Nanoclay fillers were also added to the epoxy matrix to improve damage tolerance. After the low‐velocity impact loading, the bearing strength diminishes by almost 22% for the bolted composite joints, while the reduction in damage tolerance is effectively limited with the nanoclay addition. However, as the impact energy increases, the efficiency of the nanofiller declines. Increased impact energy results in changes in failure modes, and nanofillers improve damage tolerance with additional nano‐scale toughness‐increasing mechanisms.
Practice‐based coaching to improve culturally responsive practices in early childhood classrooms: A single‐case experimental design
Authors: Kranski Tessa A. , Steed Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2022

An experimental analysis of a workshop plus practice‐based coaching (PBC) was conducted to enhance four early childhood educators' use of culturally responsive practices. A multiple baselinedesign across participants was used to examine the effects of a workshop and PBC on four early childhood teachers' use of culturally responsive practices, such as learning about children's home cultures and ensuring books reflect cultural diversity. A functional relation was established between the intervention and targeted culturally responsive practices for three of the four teachers. Descriptive findings suggested that particular culturally responsive practices were implemented at higher rates than others. School personnel viewed the goals, process, and outcomes of the workshop and PBC positively. Implications for practice and research are discussed, including the complex nature of providing coaching on the topic of culturally responsive practices in early childhood classrooms.
Occupational engagement, fatigue, and upper and lower extremity abilities in persons with melorheostosis
Authors: Farrell Kathleen , Comis Leora E. , Casimir Morgan M. , Hodsdon Bonnie , Jiménez‐Silva Rafael , Dunigan Tiara , Bhattacharyya Timothy , Jha Smita
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Melorheostosis is a rare bone disorder with limited literature that describes the effect of this disease on functional and motor abilities. As part of a natural history study, four outcome measures were administered to better understand the burden this disease has on a person's ability to engage in basic and instrumental activities of daily living.

Objective

To investigate the relationship between functional engagement, fatigue, and motor ability in patients with melorheostosis.

Design

Cross‐sectional data gathered from a longitudinal natural history observational study.

Setting

Rehabilitation department within a single institution.

Participants

Forty‐seven adult volunteers with melorheostosis were enrolled. Two participants were removed for failure to meet diagnosis eligibility. Thirty patients had lower extremity (LE) osteosclerotic bone lesions, 14 had upper extremity (UE) lesions, and one had lesions in both UEs and LEs.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Activity Card Sort, Second Edition (ACS); Multi‐Dimensional Fatigue Inventory; Lower Extremity Functional Scale; Upper Extremity Functional Index.

Results

On the ACS, high‐demand leisure (HDL) activities were the least retained (p< .001). Of the activities rated most important, HDL activities were the most likely to have been given up (27%). General fatigue (μ = 11.8) and physical fatigue (μ = 11.0) were the two most limiting fatigue constructs. There were moderate negative correlations with HDL activities compared to physical fatigue (r = −0.524,p< .001) and reduced activity fatigue (r = −0.58,p = .001). LE lesions had a large effect on completing LE tasks (d = 0.95) and UE lesions had a medium effect on completing tasks involving the UE (d = 0.69).

Conclusions

Patients with melorheostosis experience fatigue and low engagement in HDL activities. The results of this study underscore the importance of acknowledging activity domain, fatigue constructs, and lesion location to support and provide targeted evidence‐based rehabilitative therapy.

Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02504879.
Impact of COVID‐19 measures on a paediatric oncology outreach‐program
Authors: El Salih Ibrahim , Widjajanto Pudjo H. , Njuguna Festus , Kaspers Gertjan , Mostert Saskia
Published: April 2022

Key points

Paediatric oncology outreach‐programs have been effective development interventions to reduce inequalities in healthcare between high‐income countries (HIC) versus low and middle‐income countries (LMIC). Little is known about their sustainability during times of a pandemic

This study assesses the impact of COVID‐19 government measures on a paediatric oncology outreach‐program between three large referral hospitals in Netherlands (HIC), Indonesia (LMIC) and Kenya (LMIC)

COVID‐19 government measures have impacted childhood cancer care at all three hospitals. However, disruptions in services are more prominent at partner sites in LMIC, increasing existing inequalities

COVID‐19 government measures have adversely affected the wellbeing of children with cancer in both HIC and LMIC, and the chances of survival of children with cancer in LMIC

Government leaders and policy makers should take collateral damage of their COVID‐19 policies and local settings into account to protect children with cancer in LMIC
Structural dynamics shape the fitness window of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
Authors: Dindo Mirco , Pascarelli Stefano , Chiasserini Davide , Grottelli Silvia , Costantini Claudio , Uechi Gen‐Ichiro , Giardina Giorgio , Laurino Paola , Cellini Barbara
Published: April 2022

The conformational landscape of a protein is constantly expanded by genetic variations that have a minimal impact on the function(s) while causing subtle effects on protein structure. The wider the conformational space sampled by these variants, the higher the probabilities to adapt to changes in environmental conditions. However, the probability that a single mutation may result in a pathogenic phenotype also increases. Here we present a paradigmatic example of how protein evolution balances structural stability and dynamics to maximize protein adaptability and preserve protein fitness. We took advantage of known genetic variations of human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT1), which is present as a common major allelic form (AGT‐Ma) and a minor polymorphic form (AGT‐Mi) expressed in 20% of Caucasian population. By integrating crystallographic studies and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that AGT‐Ma is endowed with structurally unstable (frustrated) regions, which become disordered in AGT‐Mi. An in‐depth biochemical characterization of variants from an anticonsensus library, encompassing the frustrated regions, correlates this plasticity to a fitness window defined by AGT‐Ma and AGT‐Mi. Finally, co‐immunoprecipitation analysis suggests that structural frustration in AGT1 could favor additional functions related to protein–protein interactions. These results expand our understanding of protein structural evolution by establishing that naturally occurring genetic variations tip the balance between stability and frustration to maximize the ensemble of conformations falling within a well‐defined fitness window, thus expanding the adaptability potential of the protein.
Creation, effects on embryo quality, and clinical outcomes of a new embryo culture medium with 31 optimized components derived from human oviduct fluid: A prospective multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Utsunomiya Takafumi , Yao Tatsuma , Itoh Hiroko , Kai Yufuko , Kumasako Yoko , Setoguchi Miwa , Nakagata Naomi , Abe Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Motoharu , Kyono Koichi , Shibahara Hiroaki , Tsutsumi Osamu , Terada Yukihiro , Fujii Shunsaku , Yanagida Kaoru , Yokoyama Minesuke , Niimura Sueo , Endo Tsuyoshi , Fukuda Yoshinori , Inoue Masato , Kono Tomohiro , Kuji Naoaki , Tawara Fumiko , Yoshida Hiroaki , Yokota Yoshimasa , Tada Yoshihiro
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Our aim is to make an ideal embryo culture medium close to human oviduct fluid (HOF) components, and to evaluate the quality of this medium with embryo quality and clinical outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART) by a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods

Study I: HOF was collected laparoscopically from patients (n = 28) with normal pelvic findings. According to HOF analysis results, the new medium “HiGROW OVIT®” (OVIT) was designed. Study II: Embryos (2 pronuclei (2PN) = 9633) were assigned from 1435 patients. The blastulation rate (BR), good BR (gBR), utilized (transferred/cryo‐preserved) BR (uBR), pregnancy rate (PR), and miscarriage rate (MR) were compared between the OVIT and control groups by RCT.

Results

The novel medium ‘OVIT’ was produced according to 31 HOF components. The concentrations of essential amino acids (e‐AAs) were lower in OVIT than in current media, yet the opposite was true for ne‐AA concentrations. gBR and uBR were higher in the OVIT group than in the control group. In the older female group, gBT and uBR were significantly higher in the OVIT group.

Conclusions

The novel medium ‘OVIT’ was produced according to HOF data. The OVIT had significantly better embryo quality and clinical outcomes than the current media.
Bayesian sample size determination for diagnostic accuracy studies
Authors: Wilson Kevin J. , Williamson S. Faye , Allen A. Joy , Williams Cameron J. , Hellyer Thomas P. , Lendrem B. Clare
Published: April 2022

The development of a new diagnostic test ideally follows a sequence of stages which, among other aims, evaluate technical performance. This includes an analytical validity study, a diagnostic accuracy study, and an interventional clinical utility study. In this article, we propose a novel Bayesian approach to sample size determination for the diagnostic accuracy study, which takes advantage of information available from the analytical validity stage. We utilize assurance to calculate the required sample size based on the target width of a posterior probability interval and can choose to use or disregard the data from the analytical validity study when subsequently inferring measures of test accuracy. Sensitivity analyses are performed to assess the robustness of the proposed sample size to the choice of prior, and prior‐data conflict is evaluated by comparing the data to the prior predictive distributions. We illustrate the proposed approach using a motivating real‐life application involving a diagnostic test for ventilator associated pneumonia. Finally, we compare the properties of the approach against commonly used alternatives. The results show that, when suitable prior information is available, the assurance‐based approach can reduce the required sample size when compared to alternative approaches.
Microfluidic Engineering of RGD[1]‐Terminated Nanocarriers Micellization and In‐Situ Docetaxel Encapsulation: An Atomistic Insight
Authors: Khedri Mohammad , Moraveji Mostafa keshavarz
Published: April 2022

The interactions between ligands and polymers are of great interest to drug delivery researches. In this work for the first time, Poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) based polymers with arginine‐glycine‐aspartate (RGD) peptide ligands which are immediately self‐assembled into micellar nanoparticles (NPs) in contact with water have been investigated in the atomistic level. In this regard, the effect of polymer and RGD concentrations on the stability, size, interaction energies and other molecular properties of nanocarriers has been investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. In the next step, the microfluidic micellization and docetaxel (DTX) encapsulation has been simulated in comparison to bulk micellization. Results indicated that by employing only 20 wt % RGD‐conjugated polymer, the particles reach the stable properties and compactness without DTX. But, when the DTX was added, 30 wt.% of RGD‐conjugated polymers that assembled in microfluidic system is the best state nanocarrier for the smart target drug delivery for transfer of DTX drug into the Cancer cell. Comparisons of the results acquired in the current paper confirmed that engineering and tuning the self‐assembly in the interface of phases in microchennel resulted in a precise control on the particle size and resulted in the preparation of smaller and more stable NPs that can be exploited as ultra‐small, smart drug carriers.
Structural, Electronic, Thermodynamic, Optical and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Curcumin Complexes with Transition Metals: DFT and TD‐DFT Study
Authors: Khireddine Ahlem , Boukelkoul Mebarek , Atalay Yusuf , Tamer Ömer , Avcɩ Davut , Merzoud Lynda , Chermette Henry
Published: April 2022

Because of their important photonic applications, the curcumin molecules, which can easily be found in nature, are interesting in the study of nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on ground state molecular geometries of [(bpy‐CH3)M(curc)] Cl complexes, where M=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au and Hg, have been performed at B3LYP level. Most complexes have a pyramidal geometry with square base, with a few exceptions well understood from the electronic structure of the metal atom. Although the pyramid geometry with square base of the [(bpy‐CH3)Zn(curc)] Cl complex is preserved in solution, our DFT calculations show that the Zn lying above the square plane becomes closer and closer to that plane when the solvent is more and more polar, whereas the dipole moment increases in the mean time. The calculated IR spectra for the Zn complex show an increase in the intensity of the peaks of solvated complexes. The effect of solvent on excitation transition types and electronic spectra of the transition metal complexes simulated using DFT‐CPCM model shows intra‐ligand charge transfer from HOMO to LUMO in polar solvents, but from HOMO to LUMO+1 in apolar solvents. Among a full set of properties of transition metal series complexes with 21 elements, it appears that the Mn, Ag and Re complexes are the best candidates to NLO materials. Finally, an excellent correlation between the magnetic moments per atom and the number of valence electron of the central metals is obtained.
Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Microwave‐Assisted Multicomponent Reaction Towards Synthesis of Diverse Fluorescent Quinazolino[4,3‐b]quinazolin‐8‐ones and Their Photophysical Study
Authors: Pawar Gaurav , Ghouse Shaikh Mohammad , Joshi Swanand Vinayak , Rana Preeti , Kar Swayamsiddha , Sarma P. Mahesh , Dannarm Srinivas Reddy , Sonti Rajesh , Nanduri Srinivas
Published: April 2022

A novel, base‐ and ligand‐free one pot protocol for the synthesis of fused‐quinazolinone under microwave irradiation using environmentally friendly PEG‐400 as a solvent has been developed. Besides benzaldehyde, various benzyl alcohols and methyl arenes were used in this protocol, which extend its synthetic applicability. Photophysical study of this highly fluorescent framework was studied by fluorescent study. DFT and ESI/MS studies were carried out to justify the proposed mechanism.
Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Tetrahydro β‐Carboline‐Attached Spiroindolones/ Spiroacenapthylene by Using Lemon Juice as a Green Biocatalyst System.
Authors: Sharma Yogesh Brijwashi , Singh Rajveer , Singh Chetan Paul , Bharitkar Yogesh P. , Hazra Abhijit
Published: April 2022

An easy atom‐economic methodology for the synthesis of tetrahydro‐β‐carbolino‐spiroindolone/ spiroacenapthylene scaffold in one step from tryptamine and isatin have been done via Pictet‐Spengler Reaction using lemon juice as a biocatalyst system. The reaction is clean and convenient for the synthesis of spiroindolones. The product was separated via easy chromatographic technique (column/flash) and characterized by 1D NMR (1H, 13 C and DEPT) and HRMS analysis. Bio evaluation against four cancer cell lines (MCF‐7, SH‐SY5Y, HepG2 and HEK 293) shows good positive indication of activity for 3 g, 3 h and 3 i.
Taxonomy and diversity of slit‐band gastropods (Order Pleurotomariida) and some slit bearing Caenogastropoda from the Pennsylvanian of the USA
Authors: Karapunar Baran , Nützel Alexander , Seuss Barbara , Mapes Royal H.
Published: April 2022

Pleurotomariida have the longest fossil record among living gastropods and are diverse and abundant in the middle and upper Palaeozoic. Its traditional classification is based on adult shell characters. The early shell morphology has been largely unknown. We describe exceptionally well‐preserved Pleurotomariida from the Pennsylvanian marine shales of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Ohio. In total, 38 species representing 19 genera are described, including 10 new species, one new genus and one new subgenus:Eirlysella buckhornensisgen. et sp. nov.,Shansiella(Oklahomaella)globilineatasubgen. et sp. nov.,Phymatopleura girtyi,Phymatopleura conica,Worthenia(Yochelsonospira)kuesi,Dictyotomaria turrisbabel,Paragoniozona yanceyi,Spiroscala shwedagoniformis,Peruvispira oklahomaensis,Baylea tenera. Replacement names areParagoniozona ornatanom. nov. (forPleurotomaria asperaGirty),Spiroscala quasipulchranom. nov. (forEuconospira pulchraBatten). The early ontogenetic shells including protoconchs and early teleoconchs are reported in detail for the first time for most taxa. Most species have a protoconch of one whorl as that of living Vetigastropoda. Planktotrophic protoconchs (multi‐whorled larval shells with sinusigera) are reported forPlatyzonaandPeruvispira; they are therefore placed in the family Goniasmatidae (Caenogastropoda). Repaired shell scars were found in juvenile Pleurotomariida specimens (c. 1 mm), suggesting exposure to predation from an early stage of ontogeny. Pleurotomariida are strongly dominant in surface samples of the Finis Shale (Texas) but in bulk samples using fine mesh‐sizes, dominance is much less pronounced, indicating a change in clade proportion depending on sampling method. The taxonomic richness and abundance of Pleurotomariida seen in these Carboniferous shales have not been reported from post‐Triassic formations.
Technical benchmarking and challenges of kilowatt scale vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Kapoor Manshu , Verma Anil
Published: April 2022

Unique features of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), such as easy scalability and long durability, qualifies it as one of the prominent renewable energy storage technologies. Attracted by its features, scientific and commercial community around the globe have now begun to test prototypes/demonstrations of VRFB for a wide array of applications that deal at a scale of kW‐MW. A few scientific groups have discussed the design and performance of kW‐scale (up to 10 kW) VRFB in literature. It is interesting to note that the discussed designs have been developed with a diverse approach and have achieved different results. In this review, we critically examine and discuss those contributions at kW‐scale VRFB by analyzing the materials associated with their design, understanding the development of the flow engineering aspects in order to tackle the pressure and shunt current losses and the overall electrochemical performance. Till date, kW‐scale VRFB system has achieved an energy efficiency of ~80% at current densities of 100 mA⋅cm−2. Though the choice for majority of VRFB components is fixed, the right choice for its separator/membrane still needs to be standardized. With these aspects in picture, this review article will help to lay a background for researchers and engineers to know the present state‐of‐art and engineering issues at kW‐scale VRFB, which is a building block for scaling up.

This article is categorized under:

Emerging Technologies > Energy Storage
Correction to: Bears with Hats and Independence Polynomials
Authors: Blažej Václav , Dvořák Pavel , Opler Michal
Published: April 2022

Chapter [“Bears with Hats and Independence Polynomials”] was previously published non-open access. It has now been changed to open access under a CC BY 4.0 license and the copyright holder updated to ‘The Author(s)’. The book has also been updated with this change.
Geometry and Proportions in Anne Tyng’s Architecture
Authors: Càndito Cristina , Meloni Alessandro
Published: April 2022

Anne Tyng spent her long professional life devoted to architecture, mainly in its theoretical aspects linked with geometry and proportions. She is well known as one of Louis Kahn’s most important partners in her professional and private life, however a relevant degree of originality was found in her work, while exploring her architectural design through two unrealized projects. The aim of this paper is to investigate these projects by analysing the original drawings and also searching for possible geometries through three-dimensional virtual reconstructions. In this way, it is possible to detect Tyng’s propensity for complex three-dimensional geometry in her version of the project for Bryn Mawr College’s Erdman Hall (around 1960) made for Kahn’s firm, and the attention given to the relations between geometry, environment and perception in her independent project, the Four-Poster House (around 1975–1988). In both examples, Tyng paid special attention to issues related to proportion which link architecture and human beings, adopting dimensions that could fit different kinds of people.
Correction to: Multifamily groups for patients with schizophrenia: an exploratory randomised controlled trial in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Muhić M. , Janković S. , Sikira H. , Slatina Murga S. , McGrath M. , Fung C. , Priebe S. , Džubur Kulenović A.
Published: April 2022

In the original publication of the article, the initial of Professor Stefan Priebe has been incorrectly published as ‘P’ instead of’S’. The correct author name is given in this erratum.
Multi-view damage inspection using single-view damage projection
Authors: van Ruitenbeek R. E. , Bhulai S.
Published: April 2022

Single-view computer vision models for vehicle damage inspection often suffer from strong light reflections. To resolve this, multiple images under various viewpoints can be used. However, multiple views increase the complexity as multi-view training data, specialized models, and damage re-identification over different views are required. In addition, traditional point cloud applications require large computational power, being impractical for edge computing. Therefore, multi-view damage inspection has not yet found its way into practical applications. We present a novel approach that projects the results from widely available single-view computer vision models onto 3D representations, to combine the detections from various viewpoints. With this, we leverage all advantages of multi-view damage inspection, without the need for multi-view training data and specialized models or hardware. We conduct a practical evaluation using a drive-through camera setup, to show the applicability of the methods in practice. We show that our proposed method successfully combines similar damages across viewpoints, reducing the number of duplicate damages by almost 99%. In addition, we show that our approach reduces the number of false positives by 96%. The proposed method leverages the existing single-view training data and single-view deep learning models to make multi-view inspection more accessible for practical implementations.
How do dimensions of institutional quality improve Italian regional innovation system efficiency? The Knowledge production function using SFA
Authors: Barra Cristian , Ruggiero Nazzareno
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the contribution of different dimensions of institutional quality on the efficiency of the Italian regional innovation system (RIS) through the application of a knowledge production function estimated within a Stochastic Frontier Analysis environment. Though most of the dimensions of institutional quality considered in the analysis are found to play no role in affecting RIS efficiency, we detect a positive and highly significant impact of government effectiveness on the variable of interest. This result is robust to different assumptions about the underlying technology, to alternative lag structures between R&D and patenting activities and to the application of different R&D inputs. Moreover, this evidence is confirmed once instead of the RIS efficiency, we appraise the impact of institutional quality on the amount of registered patents, through the application of a canonical knowledge production function. In terms of policy implications, our analysis indicates that measures that strengthen the endowment of regional socio-economic structures are highly recommended as they enhance the efficiency of the RIS and stimulate patenting activities. Finally, interventions for Southern regions should be designed to reduce the technological and efficiency gap with the most advanced regions in the country.
The added value of conventional defecography and MRI defecography in clinical decision making on treatment for posterior compartment prolapse
Authors: Nijland Dionne M. , van Genugten Linde T. , Dekker Karin S. , Wagenmakers Gert Jan , Braak Sicco J. , Veenstra van Nieuwenhoven Angelique L. , van der Steen Annemarie , Grob Anique T. M.
Published: April 2022

Introduction and hypothesis

Conventional defecography and MRI defecography can be requested as an additional test for diagnosing and differentiating the type of posterior compartment prolapse and/or obstructive defecation disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the added value of conventional defecography, conventional defecography and MRI defecography for clinical decision-making on treatment for patients with posterior compartment prolapse.

Methods

Four gynecologists were asked to fill in their treatment plan per patient for 32 cases for three different steps. Step 1 consisted of information on the anamnesis and physical examination (POP-Q). Step 2 consisted of Step 1, including conventional defecography (group A) or MRI defecography (group B). In Step 3, all gynecologists received the information on Step 1 including both conventional defecography and MRI defecography. Data analysis solely focused on the assessment of changes in the gynecological treatment plan of the posterior compartment.

Results

After Step 2 a change in treatment plan occurred in 37% and 48% of the women in groups A and B, respectively. Accordingly, after Step 3 (including all imaging data), a change in treatment plan occurred in 19% and 52% of the women in groups A and B, respectively. A change within the surgery group (when a different type of surgery was selected) was seen for a total of 11 cases in group A and 20 in group B in all steps combined.

Conclusions

Both conventional defecography and MRI defecography had an large effect on the treatment plan for patients with posterior compartment prolapse. The dedicated added value of the imaging modality individually cannot be concluded yet.
Wealth inequality, systemic financial fragility and government intervention
Authors: Garcia Filomena , Panetti Ettore
Published: April 2022

Does wealth inequality make financial crises more likely? If so, how can a government intervene, and how does this affect the distribution of resources in the economy? To answer these questions, we study a banking model where strategic complementarities among wealth-heterogeneous depositors trigger systemic self-fulfilling runs. In equilibrium, higher wealth inequality increases directly the incentives to run of the poor, and indirectly those of the rich via higher bank liquidity insurance, thus increasing the probability of a systemic self-fulfilling run overall. A government intervention on illiquid but solvent banks redistributes resources towards the poor and makes systemic self-fulfilling runs less likely.
Exact discrete Lagrangian mechanics for nonholonomic mechanics
Authors: Simoes Alexandre Anahory , Marrero Juan Carlos , de Diego David Martín
Published: April 2022

We construct the exponential map associated to a nonholonomic system that allows us to define an exact discrete nonholonomic constraint submanifold. We reproduce the continuous nonholonomic flow as a discrete flow on this discrete constraint submanifold deriving an exact discrete version of the nonholonomic equations. Finally, we derive a general family of nonholonomic integrators that includes as a particular case the exact discrete nonholonomic trajectory.
Congenital Aortic-Left Atrial Tunnel with Coarctation and Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery: A First-of-its-kind Case Report
Authors: Mittal Nikita , Reddy Aneela , Moon-Grady Anita J. , Amin Elena K.
Published: April 2022

Aortic-left atrial (Ao-LA) tunnel is an extremely rare vascular anomaly that involves an abnormal channel originating from the sinuses of the Valsalva and terminating in the left atrium. We present an unusual case of prenatally diagnosed Ao-LA tunnel with postnatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta and anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA).
Technical factors can impact on remote consultations in rheumatology: results from a service evaluation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vasireddy Sreekanth , Wig Surabhi , Hannides Michael
Published: April 2022

Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, there have been changes in clinical practice to limit transmission, such as switching from face-to-face to remote consultations. We aimed to study the influence of technical factors on remote consultations in our experience during the pandemic. 12 clinicians completed data collection forms after consultations, recording the technology used (video vs phone); technical problems encountered; discharge or subsequent appointment status; and technical aspects of the consultation process using 0–10 numerical rating scales (NRS) (Time Adequate; Relevant History; Physical Exam; Management Plan; and Communication Quality). Data were collated on an MS Access 2016 database and transferred to SPSS version 25 for statistics. Of 285 forms valid for analysis, 48 (16.8%) had video consultations. Of 259 forms with technical problems data recorded, 48 (18.5%) had a technical problem. Video patients were significantly younger (mean 49.3 vs 61.3 years, p < 0.001), had higher scores on Physical Exam scale (mean 4.0 vs 2.6, p < 0.001), but had no significant difference on Management Plan scale (7.3 vs 7.2). Those with technical problems were more common among video consultations (33.3% vs 15.4%, p = 0.005), had lower scores on Time Adequate scale (7.7 vs 8.7, p < 0.001) and Communication Quality scale (7.1 vs 8.4, p < 0.001), but had no significant difference on Management Plan scale (7.3 vs 7.2). The strongest correlation of Management Plan scale was with Communication Quality scale (Rho = 0.64). Of the NRS, a 1-point reduction in scores on Management Plan scale was the strongest predictor of subsequent face-to-face appointment (Odds Ratio 1.88, 95% CI 1.58–2.24), and this remained an independent predictor in multivariate analysis (adjusted OR 1.90, 1.57–2.31). Having a technical problem was inversely associated with the outcome of a subsequent face-to-face appointment (OR 0.17, 0.04–0.74), and this remained significant after adjustment for Management Plan in multivariate analysis (adjusted OR 0.09, 0.12–0.54). Video patients were younger suggesting a preference for video amongst younger patients. Although technical problems were more common with video, having a video consultation or a technical problem had no significant impact on management plan. Scoring lower on the Management Plan scale was the strongest predictor of, and independently associated with, requesting a subsequent face-to-face appointment. The inverse relationship of technical problems with subsequent face-to-face appointment request will need validation in further studies.
Copper Toxicity in Maize: The Severity of the Stress is Reduced Depending on the Applied Fe-Chelating Agent
Authors: Franco Alessandro , Buoso Sara , Zanin Laura , Pinton Roberto , Tomasi Nicola
Published: April 2022

The wide use of copper (Cu)-based fungicide has caused a stepwise accumulation of Cu in the environment increasing the occurrence of phytotoxicity in crops. To understand and alleviate this abiotic stress, maize seedlings were grown in hydroponic solution with different combinations of Cu and iron (Fe) forms. Results showed that maize Cu sensitivity is related to the nature of the form supplied and to the chelate-exchange processes that might involve other elements, such as Fe. The use of CuSO4 excess (100 µM) caused severe reduction of plant growth, over accumulation of Cu, high activity of antioxidant enzymes, and impairment of the acquisition of other nutrients. In presence of chelating agents (citrate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA) the ability of plants to tolerate high Cu-levels depends on the Fe nutritional status. Copper phytotoxicity symptoms do not occur when Cu was supplied chelated by EDTA. The use of synthetic agent EDTA (as Cu-EDTA and Fe-EDTA) prevented the accumulation of toxic Cu-level in plants and allowed a better homeostasis among nutrients. In presence of citrate, high concentration of Cu occurred in plants but its phytotoxicity was limited when even EDTA was available in solution. Results suggest that maize plants can operate a good control of nutritional status when Cu-excess is present concomitantly with a synthetic chelator (as EDTA) even when supplied as a Fe-fertilizer. These results pave the way to provide guidelines for the fertilization managements on Cu-contaminated soils to alleviate phytotoxicity in crops.
Phonosurgery of Reinke’s edema with microdebrider
Authors: Grigaliute Egle , Fiamingo Maria Novella , Albanese Pasquale Gianluca , La Mantia Ignazio
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To present our experience with a new microsurgical approach for treatment of the Reinke’s edema in suspension laryngoscopy–microdebridement. After a short review of existing literature we introduce speech therapy before and after the surgery into the protocol.

Methods

 The authors compare the phonatory outcome, laryngostroboscopical results and subjective improvement of the voice of 30 patients with Reinke’s edema that were operated with either microdebridement or cold steel surgery techniques. “Sandwich” speech therapy strategy was applied for the vocal rehabilitation before and after surgery in both patient groups.

Results

After the microdebridement and the speech therapy the mucosal wave was regular, symmetric and periodic in all patients. No signs of abnormal scar tissue or anterior adhesions were observed. Significant improvement of vocal parameters was found after the surgery in both groups of patients: operated with the microdebridement technique and the cold steel technique. The subjective voice evaluated by Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10) was improved for both patient groups in a homogenous way.

Conclusions

Based on the similarity of the vocal outcome in the two groups, microdebridement of the vocal folds is an excellent method for removing the edema of the Reinke’s space. Careful suction at a low voltage protects the lamina propria during the microdebridement. The authors discuss the indication to this innovating procedure in patients with difficult laryngeal exposure and small operating field.
The current standing of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Willison A. G. , Ruck T. , Lenz G. , Hartung H. P. , Meuth S. G.
Published: April 2022

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is gaining traction as a valuable treatment option for patients affected by severe multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly the relapsing–remitting form. We describe the current literature in terms of clinical trials, observational and retrospective studies, as well as immune reconstitution following transplantation, with a focus on the conditioning regimens used for transplantation. The evidence base predominantly consists of non-randomised, uncontrolled clinical trials or data from retrospective or observational cohorts, i.e. very few randomised or controlled trials. Most often, intermediate-intensity conditioning regimens are used, with promising results from both myeloablative and lymphoablative strategies, as well as from regimens that are low and high intensity. Efficacy of transplantation, which is likely secondary to immune reconstitution and restored immune tolerance, is, therefore, not clearly dependent on the intensity of the conditioning regimen. However, the conditioning regimen may well influence the immune response to transplantation. Heterogeneity of conditioning regimens among studies hinders synthesis of the articles assessing post-aHSCT immune system changes. Factors associated with better outcomes were lower Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale, relapsing–remitting MS, younger age, and shorter disease duration at baseline, which supports the guidance for patient selection proposed by the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Interestingly, promising outcomes were described for patients with secondary progressive MS by some studies, which may be worth taking into account when considering treatment options for patients with active, progressive disease. Of note, a significant proportion of patients develop autoimmune disease following transplantation, with alemtuzumab-containing regimens associated with the highest incidence.
A new linear combination method of haplogroup distribution central vectors to model population admixtures
Authors: Török Tibor , Maár Kitti , Varga István Gergely , Juhász Zoltán
Published: April 2022

We introduce a novel population genetic approach suitable to model the origin and relationships of populations, using new computation methods analyzing Hg frequency distributions. Hgs were selected into groups which show correlated frequencies in subsets of populations, based on the assumption that correlations were established in ancient separation, migration and admixture processes. Populations are defined with this universal Hg database, then using unsupervised artificial intelligence, central vectors (CVs) are determined from local condensations of the Hg-distribution vectors in the multidimensional point system. Populations are clustered according to their proximity to CVs. We show that CVs can be regarded as approximations of ancient populations and real populations can be modeled as weighted linear combinations of the CVs using a new linear combination algorithm based on a gradient search for the weights. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by comparing Copper Age populations of the Carpathian Basin to Middle Age ones and modern Hungarians. Our analysis reveals significant population continuity since the Middle Ages, and the presence of a substrate component since the Copper Age.
Parameterized Complexity of Graph Burning
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuaki , Otachi Yota
Published: April 2022

Graph Burning asks, given a graph $$G = (V,E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

and an integer k, whether there exists $$(b_{0},\dots ,b_{k-1}) \in V^{k}$$

(

b
0

,
⋯
,

b

k
-
1

)

∈

V
k

such that every vertex in G has distance at most i from some $$b_{i}$$

b
i

. This problem is known to be NP-complete even on connected caterpillars of maximum degree 3. We study the parameterized complexity of this problem and answer all questions by Kare and Reddy [IWOCA 2019] about the parameterized complexity of the problem. We show that the problem is W[2]-complete parameterized by k and that it does not admit a polynomial kernel parameterized by vertex cover number unless $$\mathrm {NP} \subseteq \mathrm {coNP/poly}$$

NP
⊆

coNP
/
poly

. We also show that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by clique-width plus the maximum diameter among all connected components. This implies the fixed-parameter tractability parameterized by modular-width, by treedepth, and by distance to cographs. Using a different technique, we show that parameterization by distance to split graphs is also tractable. We finally show that the problem parameterized by max leaf number is XP.
Odd-odd continued fraction algorithm
Authors: Kim Dong Han , Lee Seul Bee , Liao Lingmin
Published: April 2022

By using a jump transformation associated to the Romik map, we define a new continued fraction algorithm called odd-odd continued fraction, whose principal convergents are rational numbers of odd denominators and odd numerators. Among others, it is proved that all the best approximating rationals of odd denominators and odd numerators of an irrational number are given by the principal convergents of the odd-odd continued fraction algorithm and vice versa.
Oral language skills, callous and unemotional traits and high-risk patterns of youth offending
Authors: Anderson Stavroola A. S. , Hawes David J. , Snow Pamela C.
Published: April 2022

Extensive research has associated adolescent delinquent behavior with verbal deficits, yet for some subgroups of youth offenders better verbal ability has been associated with increased risk. This study examined associations between specific oral language skills and established markers of high-risk youth offending comprising callous and unemotional (CU) traits, early age of the first offence, and violent offending. Measures of language, CU traits, anxiety, as well as official youth justice data, were collected for adolescent male offenders and non-offenders (n = 130; aged 13–19 years; 62% youth offenders). Pragmatic language was found to be differentially associated with distinct variants of CU traits based on high/low levels of anxiety. Furthermore, among youth offenders with primary variant (low anxiety) CU traits, more violent offending was associated with better structural language skills, while earlier age of first offence was associated with better pragmatic language skills.
Investigating the effectiveness of a HyFlex cyber security training in a developing country: A case study
Authors: Nweke Livinus Obiora , Bokolo Anthony Jnr , Mba Gibson , Nwigwe Emeka
Published: April 2022

HyFlex termed as hybrid-flexibility is a teaching approach where teachers and students have the alternative to participate in planned courses either remotely or face-to-face. This study examines the effectiveness of the HyFlex pedagogical method to teach highly interactive digital and face-to-face cyber security training in Nigeria amidst the pandemic. Data was collected using a survey questionnaire from 113 participants to evaluate student’s perception towards the effectiveness of the Hyflex method using physical and Zoom teleconferencing which allow students to participate remotely in the cyber security training. The developed questionnaire comprising both open-ended and Likert-style questions was administered to purposely sampled participants. Findings from this study presents implementation details on how the HyFlex teaching model was implemented from a developing country context. Besides, findings present challenges and opportunities experienced with adopting the HyFlex pedagogical model, and also offers recommendations to other instructors for employing this teaching model. Findings also reveal that although there were challenges experienced by the students who attended via online such as connectivity issues, competency in using some features in Zoom-conferencing, etc. The students did appreciate the flexibility HyFlex teaching afforded, indicating that HyFlex is a promising teaching approach for fostering engagement of students especially in large-group cyber security courses.
Squeeze it or leave it? An ecological-economic assessment of the impact of mower conditioners on arthropod populations in grassland
Authors: Hecker Lutz Philip , Wätzold Frank , Yang Xueyan , Birkhofer Klaus
Published: April 2022

This study addresses the use of conditioners as a driver of arthropod loss in agricultural landscapes. Conditioners compress the freshly cut mowing material mechanically to destroy the evaporation-inhibiting wax layer of the grass material. This compression potentially increases the physical damage to several arthropod groups during the mowing process. We have combined an ecological field study on the impact of conditioners on arthropods at the plot level with an analysis of the economic rationale of applying conditioners in differently managed grasslands in the study region, in order to understand the impact of applying conditioners on the damage to arthropods at the landscape level. The use of conditioners in the mowing process significantly increased the overall percentage of damaged individuals by 18% from 52% without to 70% with conditioner use. Aphids and plant lice, beetles, thrips and mites were most severely affected by additional damage. We also found that the use of conditioners takes place on substantially more than 20% of all grasslands in the study region. Depending on the respective grassland area managed with conditioners in the future, grasslands could be losing an additional 4% to 18% of their overall arthropod numbers only due to the use of conditioners compared to a scenario without conditioners. As the damage due to the use of conditioners is presumably higher in extensively managed grasslands, and the profit of their use is higher in intensively managed grasslands, we suggest, as an implication for insect conservation, concentrating measures to disincentivise the use of conditioners on extensively managed grassland.