bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cop In Your Neighbor's Doorbell: Amazon Ring and the Spread of Participatory Mass Surveillance
Authors: Calacci Dan , Shen Jeffrey J. , Pentland Alex
Published: November 2022

Consumer surveillance products such as 'smart' doorbell cameras are an already-pervasive phenomenon in the U.S. These devices are marketed as personal and community security tools that allow users to answer their front door remotely, record "suspicious activity" captured by their cameras, and share reports with neighbors. The widespread use of doorbell cameras specifically, however, has created an opaque, wide-reaching surveillance network used by thousands of law enforcement agencies nationwide. The full breadth of this network and how users operate on such platforms is largely unknown. Amazon Ring, one of the largest manufacturers of smart doorbells, offers a companion social networking app to their physical doorbells called Ring Neighbors that allows camera owners to share video and text posts with other camera owners that live nearby. In this paper, we use data collected from public posts on Neighbors to create the first comprehensive map and analysis of smart doorbell camera use across the continental U.S. We use spatial regression methods to estimate the county-level predictors of Neighbors app usage nationally. We then use Los Angeles, one of the most active areas of Ring usage in the country, as a case study to investigate how different neighborhoods in a racially heterogeneous city use a platform like Ring. Using a structured topic analysis and experimental survey design, we show that users actively frame video subjects as criminal and suspicious, that the race of a neighborhood has a significant impact on posting rates, and provide some evidence that Neighbors may be used as a racial gatekeeping tool, particularly by white neighborhoods that border non-white areas in Los Angeles.
Commoning for Fun and Profit: Experimental Publishing on the Decentralized Web
Authors: Walker Dawn , Ishikawa Sutton Mai , Vira Udit , Lau Benedict
Published: November 2022

The World Wide Web is dominated by big tech and seemingly endless scandals after a decade of growing distrust about the role technology and the Internet play in our society. As a result, there are calls for the creation of alternatives to the existing platforms and infrastructures. One such alternative is a decentralized web (DWeb) where users have control of their data and decisions. This paper presents a collectively-produced organizational autoethnography of the development of an emerging tool for publishing on the decentralized web and the magazine using it to contribute to the digital commons. Three key themes emerged: 1) how a commons-based understanding of boundaries supports participation in a broader ecosystem; 2) the ways commoning as a frame deepens engagement as opposed to a passive model of a digital commons platform; finally 3) the need to re-assess how a cohort lab model that structured the work feeds back into larger goals. From these findings, we reflect on how this project fits into a maturing DWeb ecosystem and what possibilities for social transformation are present in transitional forms of commons. We discuss the pressing need for CSCW and adjacent research communities to participate in the design of, and debates over, the new computing paradigms developing out of this wave of decentralized technologies.
"What is Your Envisioned Future?": Toward Human-AI Enrichment in Data Work of Asthma Care
Authors: Su Zhaoyuan , He Lu , Jariwala Sunit P , Zheng Kai , Chen Yunan
Published: November 2022

Patient-generated health data (PGHD) is crucial for healthcare providers' decision making, as it complements clinical data by providing a more holistic view of patients' daily conditions. We interviewed 20 healthcare providers in asthma care to envision future technologies to support their PGHD use. We found that healthcare providers want future artificial intelligence (AI) systems to enhance their ability to treat patients by analyzing PGHD for profiling risk and predicting deterioration. Despite the potential benefits of AI, providers perceived various challenges of AI use with PGHD, including AI-driven data inequity, added burden, lack of trust toward AI, and fear of being replaced by AI. Clinicians wished for a future of co-dependent human-AI collaboration, where AI will help them to improve their clinical practice. In turn, healthcare providers can improve AI systems by making AI outputs more trustworthy and humane. Through the lens of data feminism, we discuss the importance of considering context and aligning the complex human infrastructure before designing or deploying PGHD-based AI systems in clinical settings. We highlight the opportunity to design for human-AI enrichment, where humans and AI not only partner with each other for improved performance, but also enrich each other to enhance each other's work overtime.
Binaural Audio in Hybrid Meetings: Effects on Speaker Identification, Comprehension, and User Experience
Authors: Zhong Sailin , Rosset Loïc , Papinutto Michael , Lalanne Denis , Alavi Hamed Seiied
Published: November 2022

In 2020, we have witnessed global experimentation of remote co-working, co-learning, and co-habiting, leading to the re-emergence of a collective search for platforms and paradigms that can optimally coalesce the virtual and physical settings - what has been studied as "hybrid models". In this context, we examine the opportunities that the advances in Spatial Audio techniques can create to improve hybrid meetings. Concretely, we present a controlled study in which 84 participants used an online platform to follow six pre-recorded semi-scripted dialogues. The videos were around two minutes long and each of them simulated a piece of conversation in the physical meeting room among three actors who played the role of co-located attendees. The six videos represented six conditions: three auditive formats, (x2) once co-located attendees wore face masks, and once without masks. We compared the experiences of the participants (remote attendees) in these six conditions. Analyzing three types of data, namely, comprehension/memory test results, self-reported ratings, and eye-tracking, we have found reinforcing evidence that demonstrates the benefits of binaural audio in hybrid settings.
Ethical Tensions in Applications of AI for Addressing Human Trafficking: A Human Rights Perspective
Authors: Deeb-Swihart Julia , Endert Alex , Bruckman Amy
Published: November 2022

In the last two decades, human trafficking (where individuals are forcibly exploited for the profits of another) has seen increased attention from the artificial intelligence (AI) community. Clear focus on the ethical risks of this research is critical given that those risks are disproportionately born by already vulnerable populations. To understand and subsequently address these risks, we conducted a systematic literature review of computing research leveraging AI to combat human trafficking and apply a framework using principles from international human rights law to categorize ethical risks. This paper uncovers a number of ethical tensions including bias endemic in datasets, privacy risks stemming from data collection and reporting, and issues concerning potential misuse. We conclude by highlighting four suggestions for future research: broader use of participatory design; engaging with other forms of trafficking; developing best practices for harm prevention; and including transparent ethics disclosures in research. We find that there are significant gaps in what aspects of human trafficking researchers have focused on. Most research to date focuses on aiding criminal investigations in cases of sex trafficking, but more work is needed to support other anti-trafficking activities like supporting survivors, adequately address labor trafficking, and support more diverse survivor populations including transgender and nonbinary individuals.
Identifying and Understanding Social Media Gatekeepers: A Case Study of Gatekeepers for Immigration Related News on Twitter
Authors: Li Ang , Farzan Rosta , Lin Yu-Ru , Zhou Yingfan , Teng Xian , Yan Muheng
Published: November 2022

Social media has become an important source where people gather and communicate news. Prior studies in conventional mass media suggest that gatekeepers play an important role in the production of news messages. Despite the initial claim of social media being a place of democratized participation, we now know, social media is not free of gatekeepers either. However, it is unclear who social media gatekeepers are, how to identify them, and most importantly how do they impact news content production and dissemination. Due to fundamental differences between the structure and workings of social media vs. traditional media, what we know from mass media cannot directly apply in the context of social media. To answer these questions, we propose an actionable definition of social media gatekeepers backed by literature on news reporting in social media and traditional mass media. We then present a case study of identifying gatekeepers on Twitter at scale, using a set of 70k Twitter users interested in the news topic of "immigration''. The results of our mixed research approach highlight that, unlike the general Twitter users, the Twitter gatekeepers are often self-determining citizen journalists who manage their media presentation strategically. Moreover, Twitter gatekeepers tend to exhibit behavior mostly in accordance with the journalism norms and they contribute to and guard the truthfulness and neutrality of content.
Moderation as Empowerment: Creating and Managing Women-Only Digital Safe Spaces
Authors: Ammari Tawfiq , Nofal Momina , Naseem Mustafa , Mustafa Maryam
Published: November 2022

This paper explores the creation, management and moderation of women-only online groups as digital safe spaces. We interview eleven founders and moderators of six distinct, closed, women-only Facebook groups that predominantly cater to women in and from the Global South. The study provides insights into the motivations and mechanisms for creating and moderating these safe spaces, the affordances of social networking sites that enable or hinder the creation and moderation of such spaces and finally, and the deep impact moderating such spaces has on the women who manage them. Based on these findings we discuss suggestions for specific technological affordances to enable and support digital safe spaces for marginalized and vulnerable communities.
Socio-technical Constraints and Affordances of Virtual Collaboration - A Study of Four Online Hackathons
Authors: Mendes Wendy , Richard Albert , Tillo Tähe-Kai , Pinto Gustavo , Gama Kiev , Nolte Alexander
Published: November 2022

Hackathons and similar time-bounded events have become a popular form of collaboration in various domains. They are commonly organized as in-person events during which teams engage in intense collaboration over a short period of time to complete a project that is of interest to them. Most research to date has thus consequently focused on studying how teams collaborate in a co-located setting, pointing towards the advantages of radical co-location. The global pandemic of 2020, however, has led to many hackathons moving online, which challenges our current understanding of how they function. In this paper, we address this gap by presenting findings from a multiple-case study of 10 hackathon teams that participated in 4 hackathon events across two continents. By analyzing the collected data, we found that teams merged synchronous and asynchronous means of communication to maintain a common understanding of work progress as well as to maintain awareness of each other's tasks. Task division was self-assigned based on individual skills or interests, while leaders emerged from different strategies (e.g., participant experience, the responsibility of registering the team in an event). Some of the affordances of in-person hackathons, such as the radical co-location of team members, could be partially reproduced in teams that kept open synchronous communication channels while working (i.e., shared audio territories), in a sort of "radical virtual co-location". However, others, such as interactions with other teams, easy access to mentors, and networking with other participants, decreased. In addition, the technical constraints of the different communication tools and platforms brought technical problems and were overwhelming to participants. Our work contributes to understanding the virtual collaboration of small teams in the context of online hackathons and how technologies and event structures proposed by organizers imply this collaboration.
Teachable Conversational Agents for Crowdwork: Effects on Performance and Trust
Authors: Chhibber Nalin , Goh Joslin , Law Edith
Published: November 2022

Traditional crowdsourcing has mostly been viewed as requester-worker interaction where requesters publish tasks to solicit input from human crowdworkers. While most of this research area is catered towards the interest of requesters, we view this workflow as a teacher-learner interaction scenario where one or more human-teachers solve Human Intelligence Tasks to train machine learners. In this work, we explore how teachable machine learners can impact their human-teachers, and whether they form a trustable relation that can be relied upon for task delegation in the context of crowdsourcing. Specifically, we focus our work on teachable agents that learn to classify news articles while also guiding the teaching process through conversational interventions. In a two-part study, where several crowd workers individually teach the agent, we investigate whether this learning by teaching approach benefits human-machine collaboration, and whether it leads to trustworthy AI agents that crowd workers would delegate tasks to. Results demonstrate the benefits of the learning by teaching approach, in terms of perceived usefulness for crowdworkers, and the dynamics of trust built through the teacher-learner interaction.
PACMHCI V6, CSCW2, November 2022 Editorial
Authors: Kuzuoka Hideaki , Reinecke Katharina , Wang Hao-Chuan , Yamashita Naomi , Bardzell Shaowen , Lindley Siân , Sarcevic Aleksandra
Published: November 2022

We are delighted to present this issue of the Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, which contains scholarship from the Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW) community. This issue has 293 papers, 94 that were accepted from the April 2021 cycle, 61 that were accepted from the July 2021 cycle, and 138 that were accepted from the January 2022 cycle. It reflects great efforts and contributions from external reviewers, Associate Chairs and Editors, who together have conducted a rigorous review process. As Papers Chairs, we are grateful for the community's collective efforts to continue shaping and sharing CSCW's tradition of high-quality scholarship during an ongoing global pandemic.
Esports Governance: An Analysis of Rule Enforcement in League of Legends
Authors: Ma Renkai , Gui Xinning , Kou Yubo
Published: November 2022

Esports, like traditional sports, face governance challenges such as foul play and match fixing. The esports industry has seen various attempts at governance structure but is yet to form a consensus. In this study, we explore esports governance in League of Legends (LoL), a major esports title. Through a two-stage, mixed-methods analysis of rule enforcement that Riot Games, LoL's developer and publisher, has performed against esports participants such as professional players and teams, we qualitatively describe rule breaking behaviors and penalties in LoL esports, and quantitatively measure how contextual factors such as time, perpetrator identity, and region might influence governance outcomes. These findings about rule enforcement allow us to characterize the esports governance of LoL as top-down and paternalistic, and to reflect upon professional players' work and professionalization in the esports context. We conclude by discussing translatable implications for esports governance practice and research.
Hospitals of the Future: Designing Interactive Robotic Systems for Resilient Emergency Departments
Authors: Taylor Angelique , Murakami Michele , Kim Soyon , Chu Ryan , Riek Laurel D.
Published: November 2022

The Emergency Department (ED) is a stressful, safety-critical environment, which is often overcrowded, noisy, chaotic, and understaffed. The built environment plays a key role in patient outcomes, experiences, and the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). However, once a space is built, it is difficult to change it; so the modularity and adaptability of new technologies such as robots could potentially help stakeholders mitigate some of these challenges; yet, there is a lack of research in this area, particularly in the ED. In this paper, we address this gap by engaging HCWs in a research-through-design process, utilizing design fiction, to envision a future resilient ED. Here, robots scurry along the ceiling, provide help at the bedside, and smart furniture and walls provide spaces for privacy and calm. We co-created design prototypes of future intelligent systems that can modify the built environment to support resilience, which we then used to co-create a Design Catalog with HCWs, which contains a collection of future technology prototypes contextualized within the ED. We found that HCWs envisioned many ways for intelligent systems to help them reimagine the built environment, including ways to enhance HCW-patient communication, improve patient experience, support both HCW and patient safety, and use reconfigurable spaces to support privacy. We hope our work inspires further exploration into using new technologies to reimagine and reconfigure the built environment to support resilient hospitals.
Intersectional Experiences of Unfair Treatment Caused by Automated Computational Systems
Authors: van Nuenen Tom , Such Jose , Cote Mark
Published: November 2022

This paper reports on empirical work conducted to study perceptions of unfair treatment caused by automated computational systems. While the pervasiveness of algorithmic bias has been widely acknowledged, and perceptions of fairness are commonly studied in Human Computer Interaction, there is a lack of research on how unfair treatment by automated computational systems is experienced by users from disadvantaged and marginalised backgrounds. There is a need for more diversification in terms of the investigated users, domains, and tasks, and regarding the strategies that users employ to reduce harm. To unpack these issues, we ran a prescreened survey of 663 participants, oversampling those with at-risk characteristics. We collected occurrences and types of conflicts regarding unfair and discriminatory treatment and systems, as well as the actions taken towards resolving these situations. Drawing on intersectional research, we combine qualitative and quantitative approaches in order to highlight the nuances around power and privilege in the perceptions of automated computational systems. Among our participants, we discuss experiences of computational essentialism, attribute-based exclusion, and expected harm. We derive suggestions to address these perceptions of unfairness as they occur.
Organizational Distance Also Matters
Authors: Wang Dakuo , Muller Michael , Yang Qian , Wang Zijun , Tan Ming , Hobson Stacy
Published: November 2022

Geographically distributed teams often face challenges in coordination and collaboration, lowering their productivity. Understanding the relationship between team dispersion and productivity is critical for supporting such teams. Extensive prior research has studied these relations in lab settings or using qualitative measures. This paper extends prior work by contributing an empirical case study in a real-world organization, using quantitative measures. We studied 117 new research project teams from the same discipline within an industrial research lab for 6 months. During this time, all teams shared one goal: submitting research papers to the same target conference. We analyzed these teams' dispersion-related characteristics as well as team productivity. Interestingly, we found little statistical evidence that geographic and time differences relate to team productivity. However, organizational and functional distances are predictive of the productivity of the dispersed teams we studied. We discuss the open research questions these findings revealed and their implications for future research.
Stewarding the Documental Afterlives of Refugee Tech Initiatives
Authors: Olgado Benedict Salazar , Pei Lucy
Published: November 2022

When tech initiatives end, the artifacts they leave behind continue to impact stakeholders. Following an orientation toward broken world thinking, our study introduces the concept of documental afterlives to refer to the range of fates to which these digital artifacts have fallen. In this paper, we systematically review the 118 websites listed in a publicly available database of refugee tech initiatives in Germany as they appear today. We identify that documental afterlives of these projects fall into categories of being broken, unattended, and memorialized. Given the value and impact of these artifacts, we argue that an ethical response to these afterlives requires that we attend to them through stewardship, centering the notion of care and drawing from archival practices. On an empirical level, this paper contributes an updated understanding of how the traces of our initiatives appear long after many of them have ended. Conceptually, our notion of documental afterlives calls on us to attend to the artifacts that we leave behind, recognizing their continued entanglement in social relationships.
vRobotator
Authors: Mizrahi Elinor , Danzig Noa , Gordon Goren
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed the importance of efficient and accommodating online educational experiences. In this contribution, we present a novel system for the facilitation of small group online discussions using an avatar during video conferencing. The avatar was programmed with group facilitation best practices, whereas the content for the activities was prepared by the classes' teachers. Groups of tenth grade students interacted with the system, where we compared activities facilitated by the avatar with activities without facilitation. Our results show that students reported the activity with the avatar to be significantly more efficient, more understandable and inducing more participation compared to activities without avatar facilitation. Students also spoke significantly more with avatar facilitation. This system shows promise in future online educational activities as a facilitator of discussions with K-12 students.
"I Never Imagined Grandma Could Do So Well with Technology"
Authors: Tang Xinru , Sun Yuling , Zhang Bowen , Liu Zimi , LC RAY , Lu Zhicong , Tong Xin
Published: November 2022

Older adults' technology learning is a long-term process, during which family members often play significant roles. Although much research has emphasized how family support is important, little research has dove into the evolution of family dynamics when older adults are learning to use new technology. Drawing on the results from a qualitative study that performed semi-structured interviews with 20 older adults and 18 younger adults in China, we unpack how family members were involved in technology learning over time. Our findings suggest that younger family members play transformative roles throughout older adults' learning stages, i.e., as influencers, supporters, protectors, and monitors. Younger family members' roles co-evolve with not only older adults' changing needs but also their perceptions of older adults' learning abilities and online behaviors. They may struggle to adjust their teaching strategies to accommodate older adults' needs and abilities during the process. They may also worry about older adults' online benefits and safety as many older adults become far more active online than anticipated. Challenges while teaching and tensions regarding protection may thus emerge during the support process. With these findings, we suggest that older adults' technology learning should be treated as a collaborative activity with family members rather than an activity they pursue alone. We also highlight older adults' technology learning as a recurrent, dynamic, and evolving process, and call attention to the unique culture of "xiaoshun" in China that acts as a buffer to the burdens and tensions found with family support.
Imagining Caring Futures for Frontline Health Work
Authors: Ismail Azra , Yadav Deepika , Gupta Meghna , Dabas Kirti , Singh Pushpendra , Kumar Neha
Published: November 2022

Care workers are increasingly using digital technology in their daily lives, for monitoring, financial compensation, training, coordination, and more. State and corporate actors have invested significant resources to enable this digital shift, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, care work has remained chronically underpaid, and continues to rely on women from minoritized and marginalized backgrounds. Our paper examines how care workers carefully navigate digitization, precarity, and complex social relationships, in an attempt to care for their communities and each other. We analyze the emerging digital ecosystem for frontline health workers in India during the COVID-19 pandemic where these dynamics have been highly visible. Our research draws attention to four interconnected ways in which workers practiced care, by directing their efforts towards survival, resilience, advocacy, and/or resistance. We suggest these also as care orientations that can be adopted by researchers and practitioners, to critically reflect on and direct technology design towards enabling more caring futures, for (and with) workers and communities.
Being a Solo Endeavor or Team Worker in Crowdsourcing Contests? It is a Long-term Decision You Need to Make
Authors: Huang Keman , Zhou Jilei , Chen Shao
Published: November 2022

Workers in crowdsourcing are evolving from one-off, independent micro-workers to on-demand collaborators with a long-term orientation. They were expected to collaborate as transient teams to solve more complex, non-trivial tasks. However, collaboration as a team may not be as prevalent as possible, given the lack of support for synchronous collaboration and the "competition, collaboration but transient" nature of crowdsourcing. Aiming at unfolding how individuals collaborate as a transient team and how such teamwork can affect an individual's long-term success, this study investigates the individuals' collaborations on Kaggle, a crowdsourcing contest platform for data analysis. The analysis reveals a growing trend of collaborating as a transient team, which is influenced by contest designs like complexity and reward. However, compared with working independently, the surplus of teamwork in a contest varies over time. Furthermore, the teamwork experience is beneficial for individuals in the short term and long term. Our study distinguishes the team-related intellectual capital and solo-related intellectual capital, and finds a path dependency effect for the individual to work solely or collectively. These findings allow us to contribute insights into the collaborative strategies for crowd workers, contest designers, and platform operators like Kaggle.
The Long Way Home: News Values in Stories Told by Appalachian Trail Thru-Hikers on Social Media
Authors: Kotut Lindah , Horning Michael , McCrickard D. Scott
Published: November 2022

Technology use by long-distance hikers provide a fascinating glimpse of the future of HCI research, as it intersects with technology isolation and (non)use. We can understand the use of technology, explore opportunities for rural and outdoor computing, and work with underrepresented communities in these spaces to amplify their stories. In this paper, we focus on the thru-hikers on the Appalachian Trail and the stories they share on Instagram. We apply narrative analysis to understand the story content, and also leverage a News Value framework to describe how they craft their stories. The findings highlight opportunities to understand the different storytelling categories that thru-hikers employ, and the platforms they choose for the telling. We discuss the usefulness of understanding technology and storytelling needs for each type of storyteller, and explore the implications for designing technology and tools to amplify stories from underserved users and to support the telling of compelling stories.
Thread With Caution: Proactively Helping Users Assess and Deescalate Tension in Their Online Discussions
Authors: Chang Jonathan P. , Schluger Charlotte , Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil Cristian
Published: November 2022

Incivility remains a major challenge for online discussion platforms, to such an extent that even conversations between well-intentioned users can often derail into uncivil behavior. Traditionally, platforms have relied on moderators to---with or without algorithmic assistance---take corrective actions such as removing comments or banning users. In this work we propose a complementary paradigm that directly empowers users by proactively enhancing their awareness about existing tension in the conversation they are engaging in and actively guides them as they are drafting their replies to avoid further escalation.

As a proof of concept for this paradigm, we design an algorithmic tool that provides such proactive information directly to users, and conduct a user study in a popular discussion platform. Through a mixed methods approach combining surveys with a randomized controlled experiment, we uncover qualitative and quantitative insights regarding how the participants utilize and react to this information. Most participants report finding this proactive paradigm valuable, noting that it helps them to identify tension that they may have otherwise missed and prompts them to further reflect on their own replies and to revise them. These effects are corroborated by a comparison of how the participants draft their reply when our tool warns them that their conversation is at risk of derailing into uncivil behavior versus in a control condition where the tool is disabled.These preliminary findings highlight the potential of this user-centered paradigm and point to concrete directions for future implementations.
Designing Conversational Evaluation Tools
Authors: Wambsganss Thiemo , Zierau Naim , Söllner Matthias , Käser Tanja , Koedinger Kenneth R. , Leimeister Jan Marco
Published: November 2022

Conversational agents (CAs) provide opportunities for improving the interaction in evaluation surveys. To investigate if and how a user-centered conversational evaluation tool impacts users' response quality and their experience, we build EVA - a novel conversational course evaluation tool for educational scenarios. In a field experiment with 128 students, we compared EVA against a static web survey. Our results confirm prior findings from literature about the positive effect of conversational evaluation tools in the domain of education. Second, we then investigate the differences between a voice-based and text-based conversational human-computer interaction of EVA in the same experimental set-up. Against our prior expectation, the students of the voice-based interaction answered with higher information quality but with lower quantity of information compared to the text-based modality. Our findings indicate that using a conversational CA (voice and text-based) results in a higher response quality and user experience compared to a static web survey interface.
Exploring Collection of Sign Language Videos through Crowdsourcing
Authors: Bragg Danielle , Glasser Abraham , Minakov Fyodor , Caselli Naomi , Thies William
Published: November 2022

Inadequate sign language data currently impedes advancement of sign language ML and AI. Training on existing datasets results in limited models due to small size, and lack of diverse signers in real-world settings. Complex labeling problems in particular often limit scale. In this work, we explore the potential for crowdsourcing to help overcome these barriers. To do this, we ran a user study with exploratory crowdsourcing tasks designed to support scalability: 1) to record videos of specific content -- thereby enabling automatic, scalable labeling -- and 2) to perform quality control checks for execution consistency -- further reducing post-processing requirements. We also provided workers with a searchable view of the crowdsourced dataset, to boost engagement and transparency and align with Deaf community values. Our user study included 29 participants using our exploratory tasks to record 1906 videos and perform 2331 quality control checks. Our results suggest that a crowd of signers may be able to generate high-quality recordings and perform reliable quality control, and that the signing community values visibility into the resulting dataset.
Exploring Opportunities to Improve Physical Activity in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury Using Context-Aware Messaging
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Rithika , Canori Alexandra , Ponnada Aditya , Nunn Melissa , Read Mary Schmidt , Hiremath Shivayogi V. , Intille Stephen
Published: November 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects the mobility of 250,000 people per year worldwide. Physical activity (PA) in individuals with SCI is positively associated with improved mental and physical health outcomes. Mobile technologies have been developed to motivate individuals with SCI to increase PA using activity tracking and real-time feedback. We conducted semi-structured interviews and participatory design sessions with 15 manual wheelchair users with SCI and eight of their family members/friends to investigate user impressions of future technologies that might use computer-mediated, sensor-triggered communication to motivate PA. We assessed barriers to PA and how context-aware communication could help overcome them. Participants with SCI expressed that PA tracking and communication technologies must be tailored to their specific needs. Further analysis revealed that context-aware messaging could help participants with SCI connect with others to initiate timely conversations about overcoming PA barriers, and to provide encouragement to meet their PA goals. We discuss opportunities to empower individuals with SCI with regards to PA using tailored, context-aware communication.
Multi-Objective Personalization in Multi-Stakeholder Organizational Bulk E-mail
Authors: Kong Ruoyan , Zhang Charles Chuankai , Sun Ruixuan , Chhabra Vishnu , Nadimpalli Tanushsrisai , Konstan Joseph A.
Published: November 2022

Bulk email is often used in organizations to communicate "important-to-organization'' messages such as policy changes, organizational plans, and administrative updates. However, normal employees may prefer messages more relevant to their jobs or interests. Organizations face the challenge of balancing prioritizing the messages they prefer employees to know (tactical goals) while maintaining employees' positive experiences with these bulk emails, then they continue to read these emails in the future (strategic goals).

Could personalization help organizations achieve these tactical and strategic goals? In an 8-week field experiment with a university newsletter, we implemented a 4x5x5 factorial design on personalizing subject lines, top news, and message order based on both the employees' and the organization's preferences. We measured these designs' influences on the open/interest/recognition/read-in-detail rate of the whole newsletter and the single messages within it.

We found that ''important-to-organization'' messages only got higher recognition rates when being put on subject lines / top news (tactical goal). Mixing them with employee-preferred messages in top news did not bring further improvement to their own recognition rates but could improve the whole newsletter's recognition rate. Only when the top news solely contained the employee-preferred messages were the employees slightly more interested in the newsletter (strategic goal). We further analyze on which topics the employees and the organization's preferences conflicted. Finally, we discuss the design suggestions for organizational bulk email.
Relative Feedback Increases Disparities in Effort and Performance in Crowdsourcing Contests
Authors: Tsvetkova Milena , Müller Sebastian , Vuculescu Oana , Ham Haylee , Sergeev Rinat A.
Published: November 2022

Rankings and leaderboards are often used in crowdsourcing contests and online communities to motivate individual contributions but feedback based on social comparison can also have negative effects. Here, we study the unequal effects of such feedback on individual effort and performance for individuals of different ability. We hypothesize that the effects of social comparison differ for top performers and bottom performers in a way that the inequality between the two increases. We use a quasi-experimental design to test our predictions with data from Topcoder, a large online crowdsourcing platform that publishes computer programming contests. We find that in contests where the submitted code is evaluated against others' submissions, rather than using an absolute scale, top performers increase their effort while bottom performers decrease it. As a result, relative scoring leads to better outcomes for those at the top but lower engagement for bottom performers. Our findings expose an important but overlooked drawback from using gamified competitions, rankings, and relative evaluations, with potential implications for crowdsourcing markets, online learning environments, online communities, and organizations in general.
The Work of Digital Social Re-entry in Substance Use Disorder Recovery
Authors: Phelan Chanda , Heyer Jeremy , Pfafman Rachel , Kerrigan Connie , Tzilos Wernette Golfo K. , Dombrowski Lynn , Miller Andrew D. , Pater Jessica
Published: November 2022

Early recovery after substance use disorder (SUD) treatment is a period of high risk. The majority of people will relapse, often within weeks of completing treatment. In the modern era, re-entry upon completion of treatment includes both digital and non-digital spaces. Digital spaces, including social media, present unique challenges to the recovery journey. However, research has rarely focused on this critical period and the ways in which technology affect it. We conducted in-depth interviews with 29 participants (8 recoverees and 21 support professionals) across two treatment sites to explore this gap. Using an inductive thematic approach, we gained insights into digital social re-entry, a term that we introduce to describe the process of re-engaging with social spaces online. We describe the work of digital social re-entry, which includes 1) remaking social networks, 2) maintaining boundaries, 3) managing triggering content, 4) resisting access to substances, and 5) shifting personal identity. We conclude by characterizing strategies for navigating digital social re-entry and discussing ways to better support recoverees during this aspect of their recovery journey.
Common carotid artery responses to the cold-pressor test are impaired in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Sarafis Zoe K. , Squair Jordan W. , Barak Otto F. , Coombs Geoff B. , Soriano Jan Elaine , Larkin-Kaiser Kelly A. , Lee Amanda H. X. , Hansen Alex , Vodopic Maro , Romac Rinaldo , Grant Christopher , Charbonneau Rebecca , Mijacika Tanja , Krassioukov Andrei V. , Ainslie Philip N. , Dujic Zeljko , Phillips Aaron A.
Published: November 2022

This is the first study demonstrating that CCA responses during CPT are suppressed in SCI. Specifically, CCA diameter, flow, velocity, and shear rate were reduced. The relationship between changes in MAP and CCA dilatation in response to CPT was absent in individuals with SCI, despite similar cardiovascular activation between SCI and uninjured controls. These findings support the notion of elevated cardiovascular disease risk in SCI and that the cardiovascular responses to environmental stimuli are impaired.
Construction of a Prognostic Model Based on Cuproptosis-Related lncRNA Signatures in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Jiang Wenkai , Du Yan , Zhang Wenlong , Zhou Wence
Published: November 2022

Aim. The aim of this study is to identify cuproptosis-related lncRNAs and construct a prognostic model for pancreatic cancer patients for clinical use. Methods. The expression profile of lncRNAs was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were identified. The prognostic cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were obtained and used to establish and validate a prognostic risk score model in pancreatic cancer. Results. In total, 181 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were obtained. The prognostic risk score model was constructed based on five lncRNAs (AC025257.1, TRAM2-AS1, AC091057.1, LINC01963, and MALAT1). Patients were assigned to two groups according to the median risk score. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the difference in the prognosis between the high- and low-risk groups was statistically significant. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that our risk score was an independent risk factor for pancreatic cancer patients. Receiver operator characteristic curves revealed that the cuproptosis-related lncRNA model can effectively predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. The principal component analysis showed a difference between the high- and low-risk groups intuitively. Functional enrichment analysis showed that different genes were involved in cancer-related pathways in patients in the high- and low-risk groups. Conclusion. The risk model based on five prognostic cuproptosis-related lncRNAs can well predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs could be potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment.
A Free-Space-Based Model for Predicting Peanut Moisture Content during Natural Drying
Authors: Xu Xin , Sun Ying , Yin Yuanyuan , Xue Yiwei , Ma Fangyan , Song Chao , Yin Hang , Zhao Liqing
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to investigate the water dissipation pattern from peanut pods under natural drying conditions after harvest. The Shandong peanut Luhua 22 was used to examine the effects of varying moisture content, bulk density, and porosity on the relative permittivity of the peanut at a signal frequency of 5.8 GHz. The peanut dielectric constant, porosity, and bulk density were used as inputs and peanut kernel moisture as outputs. Support vector regression (SVR), extreme learning machine (ELM), sparrow search algorithm-support vector regression (SSA-SVR), and sparrow search algorithm-extreme learning machine (SSA-ELM) were used to create a prediction model of peanut kernel moisture content. The results show that the water content of peanut kernels decreased in a fast and then slow manner throughout the drying process and that the water content of kernels was stable at 5–8% at the end of drying. The relative permittivity of peanut kernels increased with an increase in the water content and bulk density but decreased with an increase in porosity. The developed SVR, ELM, SSA-SVR, and SSA-ELM water-content prediction models were validated and analyzed in this study, with the model test set coefficients of determination of 0.936, 0.949,0.984, and 0.994, respectively. In comparison to SVR, ELM, and SSA-SVR, the SSA-ELM root mean square error was reduced by 0.0080, 0.0060, and 0.0012, respectively. According to the findings, the ELM neural network model, which is based on the optimization of the SSA, has an improved prediction accuracy. This prediction model provides a theoretical foundation for the variations in peanut seed moisture content during the natural drying process after harvesting peanuts in Shandong, which will be useful for future peanut storage and transportation.
Redescription of Pelecorhynchus kroeberi (Lindner), a Patagonian species rediscovered after more than 100 years in Chile (Diptera: Pelecorhynchidae)
Authors: González Christian Raúl , Elgueta Mario
Published: November 2022

An adult female of Pelecorhynchus kroeberi (Lindner, 1925) is newly recollected after more than 100 years and it is herein redescribed, including, for the first time, illustrations of genitalia. The specimen was collected in the Región de Aysén, Provincia de Aysén (46°40′11.9″S, 74°00′54.0″W), in the extreme south of Chile, and the specimen is deposited in the Entomological Collection of Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile.
Predicación anticonversa, inquisición y tolerancia en un discurso de 1461–1462: en torno a Alonso de Oropesa y Alonso de Espina
Authors: Bautista Francisco
Published: November 2022

This article offers an edition and a study of an unpublished (and hitherto unknown) text that deals with the preaching of the observant Franciscans in late medieval Castile. It was presented during the Inquisition against the heresy that took place in Toledo in 1461–1462, and its main purpose was to give arguments about the prohibition against preaching directed to the Franciscans. The work proposes a synthesis of the arguments against the marginalisation of the new Christians, a preaching model based on charity, and finally a refutation of the ideas and information presented by the Franciscans. It is a work that offers a new insight into the debate around converts in Castile, and that constitutes a defense of toleration, a position in contrast to the attitude of the Observant Franciscans.
Le De Trinitate du Pseudo-Didyme et le culte des archanges : un élément méconnu de datation
Authors: Zaganas Dimitrios
Published: November 2022

Pseudo-Didymus’ De Trinitate mentions many sanctuaries of the archangels Michael and Gabriel, finely adorned, some of which were quite famous to attract people from very far in the hope of a miracle. Although this testimony was usually considered as an ancient evidence because of its purported attribution to Didymus the Blind, it does not actually reflect the state of the archangels’ cult in the fourth century. However, it proves to be an important element for the dating of the De Trinitate itself, since it refers to a time when the cult of the archangels was developed in the East. The documentary and literary evidence shows that the churches dedicated to them, especially to Saint Michael, significantly multiply in the sixth century, and that their cult is being established under the reign of Justinian (527-565). It is from this period that the composition of Pseudo-Didymus’ De Trinitate is likely to date.
A Notable Anniversary: Sources chrétiennes and Roman Catholic – Orthodox Relations
Authors: McPartlan Paul
Published: November 2022

Marking the eightieth anniversary of the founding of the celebrated series of patristic texts, Sources chrétiennes, the article considers the place and role of the series in the patristic renewal that occurred in the Roman Catholic Church in the twentieth century, and the many connections and resonances between that renewal and the patristic renewal that occurred contemporaneously in the Orthodox Church. Key writings of pioneers of that renewal on the respective sides, especially Henri de Lubac, Jean Daniélou, and Georges Florovsky, are studied, and the article ends with some reflections on the significance of the patristic heritage for current Roman Catholic-Orthodox theological dialogue.