bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing the marketing activities of a modern higher education institution
Authors: Pelekh Yuriy , Galatyuk Mikhail
Published: June 2021

In the article, a technological simplex of designing the marketing activity of an modern institution of higher education. The content of the main components of the proposed technological simplex is revealed.

The author found that marketing activities should be carried out in compliance with the social and value principle withdrawal of profit. Adherence to this principle is the key to the success of a higher education institution.

The organization of marketing activities is carried out by the marketing service. This service involves the administration and all staff of the higher education institution, which can be useful in the process of developing individual components of a marketing plan.

In the context of the study, it was found technological simplex of designing marketing activity of a higher education institution is a structural and functional scheme, a simple prescription, a generalized and accessible action plan, which is an indicative basis for the activities of marketing services of higher education institutions.

The technological simplex of designing the marketing activities of a modern higher education institution consists of nine components. The implementation of each component is accompanied by reflection, control and correction, which are carried out in the process of managing the concept of marketing.

During the development of the technological simplex, the marketing management model of the organization, the main components of the marketing activity plan, as well as the process of implementing strategic marketing planning are taken into account.

The revealed content of the technological simplex of designing marketing activity of higher education institutions is a theoretically substantiated indicative basis to realize opportunities to improve the marketing culture of educational institutions of all levels of accreditation.
Climate change through the eyes of a chemist, energy, technologist
Authors: Zhukov Anatoliy , Gushcha Sergey , Bobro Elena
Published: June 2021

In this article, the author made an attempt to present and analyze issues related to global environmental problems, and in particular, the role of carbon dioxide in global warming. Well-known facts and unexpected findings are intended to awaken in the reader a critical attitude towards the prevailing beliefs in these matters.

From the point of view of a chemist, the reality of extracting CO2 from air and converting it back into fuel is assessed. Simple energy calculations make it possible to assess the ability of "green" energy to replace carbon and influence the climate warming process. And finally, the key proposals are presented from the point of view of a technologist, since it is technologists who make real and implement the most daring discoveries and projects of scientists and inventors.
Sexual dimorphism of the frequency of significant correlations between the characteristics of body trunk and feet in children aged 4 to 6 years
Authors: Mrozkowiak Mirosław
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Relatively few publications have concerned characteristics of body trunk and feet. It is generally suggested that correlations exist between the characteristics of the developing foot and the spinal column.

Materials and methods. The examinations conducted in a group of children aged 4 to 6 years allowed for recording 2988 observations, including 1482 girls and 1506 boys, and values of 87 characteristics that described body trunk and feet. The test stand for the measurement of the selected parameters using the photogrammetric method consisted of a personal computer, software, screen and printer, and a projection-reception device with a camera.

Conclusion

1. The general number of body trunk characteristics having significant correlations with feet parameters in females was slightly higher. The number of relationships in sagittal and frontal planes was the same in both sexes. The characteristics that differentiated males from females were found mainly in transverse and frontal planes.

2. The number of feet characteristics that most often showed significant correlations with body trunk parameters was higher in girls than in boys. These were mainly characteristics concerning width and length, longitudinal arch and disorders in the position of the feet. The characteristics that differentiated boys described only the longitudinal arch of the feet.
Sexual and environmental dimorphism, the frequency of significant relationships between body weight and height and foot features among 14-18-year-old adolescents
Authors: Mrozkowiak Mirosław
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The objective of this study was to show the frequency of significant correlations between body weight and height and the selected parameters of body posture within trunk in 14-18-year-old adolescents.

Material and methods. The study conducted among randomly selected teenagers aged 14-18 years was carried out during the period of 3 years, in 6 half-year editions and enabled the author to record 2445 observations with regard to the measurement of 48 parameters describing trunk, body weight and height. The subjects involved in the study were enrolled from the Warminsko-Mazurski region. The photogrammetric method with the phenomenon of mora projection was used to measure the selected parameters.

Findings. The frequency of significant correlations between body height and the features of body posture was 21.42% and with regard to body weight it was 14.28%. The frequency of significant correlations between body height within sex was 14.28%, and concerning body weight it was 4.76%, whereas among girls the figures were 7.14% and 9.52% respectively.

Conclusions

1. Among adolescents aged 14-18 years, body height revealed significantly more frequent correlations with the parameters of feet than body weight.

2. Body height was reported to reveal more frequent significant correlations with the parameters of feet than body weight among boys. As regards girls involved in the study, the frequency of these significant relationships was similar and revealed lower values. Body weight and height showed more frequent correlations with the parameters of feet in children living in towns and cities than in their counterparts from the rural environment.

3. Among boys, more frequent significant correlations between body height and the parameters of feet were observed in subjects living in the urban environment, and the correlations concerning body weight significantly differed from the percentage of the relationships regarding body height. Among girls living in the rural environment, the correlations between body height and the parameters of feet were more frequent than in the subjects living in towns, and regarding weight, these correlations were reported to be bigger in towns than in villages. The percentage of significant relationships was very low in the rural environment.
Nursing level knowledge of strokes from the study of demographic and social factors
Authors: Gazdowicz Lucyna , Cipora Elżbieta , Niemiec Mateusz , Krowicka Edyta
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Strokes often have very serious medical, social and economic consequences. Knowledge about strokes is the basis for effective prophylaxis and makes it possible to quickly notice the symptoms and initiate appropriate therapeutic treatment in a short time.

The aim of the research was to assess the level of knowledge of nursing students about strokes, taking into account selected demographic and social factors.

Material and methods. The research covered a group of 120 students of nursing at the State University of Jan Grodek in Sanok. The diagnostic survey method was used. The research tool was a proprietary questionnaire containing questions about the demographic and social situation and a stroke knowledge test. The IBM SPSS v 25.0 package was used in the statistical analysis. The value of p≤0.05 was adopted as statistically significant.

Results. The mean age of the respondents in the years was 33.82 (SD 9.75). The vast majority of the respondents (94.2%) were women. The average level of knowledge about stroke was highest in the 31-40 age group (83.3%). A statistically significant relationship was found between the level of education of the respondents and the level of their knowledge about strokes (p = 0.029). On the other hand, the age, marital status, place of residence and social and living conditions of students did not significantly affect the level of their knowledge about stroke.

Conclusions. The overall level of knowledge about strokes among nursing students was average. Most of the subjects studied were familiar with pre-hospital management procedures in the event of a stroke, but had significant gaps in knowledge regarding the time of thrombolytic treatment initiation after the onset of stroke. In the education of nursing students, particular attention should be paid to issues related to the prevention and management of strokes.
An attempt to identify significant correlations between parameters of body trunk and parameters of feet and their frequency in adolescents aged 14-18 years
Authors: Mrozkowiak Mirosław
Published: June 2021

Introduction. All disorders are temporary as a natural consequence of ontogenetic processes usually disappearing after puberty. Therefore, it is important to provide incentives in this period in order to maintain physical activity at a previously achieved level and try to shape the parameters of feet through exerting a conscious influence on body trunk parameters.

Material and method. The study conducted with the group of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years enabled to record 2,343 observations with regard to the measurement of 90 parameters describing trunk and feet. The station for an assessment of body posture and feet using the photogrammetric method consisted of a computer, a card, software, a display monitor, a printer and a projection-reception device with a camera to measure the selected parameters.

Conclusions

1.The values of frontal and sagittal body trunk parameters revealed a significant correlation

with the parameters of feet. An increased frequency of these correlations was observed between the sagittal parameters of body trunk and feet. The relationship between transverse parameters was much less significant.

2.Feet parameters most often significantly correlated with: trunk flexion angle in the sagittal plane, height of thoracic kyphosis, angle of the projection line of lower scapula angles with the right or the left angle being more convex, lumbar lordosis length, asymmetry in the height of scapula triangles with the right scapula up, inclination of the thoracic and lumbar spine, shoulders line angle with the left one up and the angle of pelvic flexion to the right in the transverse plane.

3.Feet parameters with which trunk parameters most frequently correlated included:

width of longitudinal arch 1, length of longitudinal arch 2 in the right foot, varus angle of the fifth toe and width of the right foot and length of the first arch in the left foot and length of the right and left foot.
The impact of some morphological and motor characteristics in short distance running
Authors: Rashiti N. , Ramabaja Q. , Bekolli L. , Gontarev S. , Ramadani L.
Published: June 2021

The knowledge of morphological development and their impact on motor skills in short-distance athletes should be one of the main concerns of athletics coaches, because any scientific research in the field of physical culture and sports is about proving the development and evaluation of anthropological characteristics which are responsible for achieving success in athletics. The purpose of this paper is to confirm the impact of some anthropometric characteristics in the execution of running speeds on short distances, specifically in running at 100 meters to students aged 18 ± 6 years of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Prishtina. The sample of this research has included a total of 60 students aged 18 years of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Prishtina. The measurements were executed during September in the hall of the Faculty, while the 100 meter runs in the stadium "Fadil Vokrri" Prishtina. The only condition that was used during the determination of the sample was: that the students are involved in regular physical education classes (and on the day of the measurement be healthy, without the flu, cold or other symptoms). The variables which are applied in this research have been 8 anthropometric variables and 1 motor-specific variables. The results obtained after their processing indicate that the impact of anthropometric variables is higher in running at 100 meters. Short distance running and long distance running reduces the impact of anthropometric parameters whereas the influence of metabolic factors of energy production is increased. These results were also confirmed using regression analysis, so that groups of predictors of anthropometric characteristics, specific motor skills that statistically significantly influenced each variable of individual criteria. The world records below the 10-second limit, in the 100 m, near the 9-meter limit, show not only the high level of sports, but also the strong impact on the growth, especially of strength indicators, speed-strength, explosive force, as main and applied motor skills in sports and athlete’s everyday life.
Major Bolesław Michał Nieczuja-Ostrowski’s Service in the “Maria” Inspectorate of the Home Army in the Years 1943–1945
Authors: Wątor Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to present the service of Major Bolesław Michał Nieczuja-Ostrowski (1907-2008) in the Regional Inspectorate of the Home Army in Miechów, codename “Maria”, in the years 1943–1945. The author of the article used the documents which were drawn up by the communist authorities of Poland during the investigation that was conducted against Nieczuja-Ostrowski who was lieutenant colonel at that time and against the soldiers of the 106 DP AK formed in the area of the “Maria” Inspectorate of the Home Army. This information was confronted with and extended by the information contained in the publications that are available, and especially in the recollection-related works of General Nieczuja-Ostrowski.In August 1943, the commander of the Kraków Region of the Home Army, colonel Józef Spychalski, nominated him the Commander of the Miechów Regional Inspectorate of the Home Army which was a part of this district. Major Ostrowski assumed this function on 15 September 1943 and on 31 July he was nominated the commander of the 106th Infantry Division of the Home Army, a great military unit which was organised as a part of the effort to restore the Armed Forces, a process associated with Operation “Burza”/“Tempest”. From July 1943 until December 1944 about 20 thousand people were incorporated into the Home Army in the area of the Miechów Inspectorate.
“Niepodległość” Liberal Democratic Party
Authors: Kluzik Marcin
Published: June 2021

The Liberal Democratic party “Niepodległość”/“Independence” was a radically anti-communist party and its aim was to overthrow the communist regime and make Poland an independent country, for the party had no doubt that other elements of its agenda could be realised only after Poland achieved independence. Its uncompromising anti-communist stance made the party reject the agreements made at the Round Table. The LDPN advocated political and economic liberalism, combining it with an attachment to a conservative and Christian canon of values.
Communist Repressions in the Tarnów Area in the Years 1945–1956
Authors: Komarewicz Józef
Published: June 2021

A conversation with dr Maria Żychowska, a historian from Tarnów, conducted by Józef Komarewicz
Gender-Relative Effect of Project-Based Learning Method on Academic Achievement and Retention Of Technical College Students in Basic Electricty
Authors: Eze Titus Iloduba , Onwusuru Ijeoma Madonna , Ginigeme Onyeka Ogechi
Published: June 2021

The gender-related controversies associated with effects of various teaching methods gave rise to this study. This study was conducted to ascertain the gender-relative effect of project-based learning method on academic achievement and retention of technical college students in Basic Electricity. The study was carried out in Anambra state and the design of the study was quasi-experimental research with pretest, posttest, delayed posttest non-randomized control group design involving students’ intact class groups. A sample of 92 NTC II students was drawn from a population of 179 students of state owned technical colleges in Anambra state. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. For collection of data, based on the units covered, Basic Electricity Achievement Test (BEAT), a 40-item multiple choice test served as the instrument. Validation of the instrument, as well as the lesson plans for both control and experimental groups were done by three experts from the faculty of education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka. KR-20 was used to determine the reliability coefficient of the instrument which was found to be 0.82. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation, while the hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Findings revealed that considering the both genders, students in technical college who were taught Basic electricity using project-based learning method had higher achievement and retention scores than those taught with the conventional teaching method. Also findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the mean achievement and retention scores of the students taught basic electricity using PBLM. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that PBLM has the potential to improve male and female technical college students’ academic achievement and retention in Basic electricity. Consequently, it was recommended among others that Basic electricity teachers should use PBLM in the teaching of Basic electricity and grant students equal opportunity during classroom instructions irrespective of gender so as to enhance students’ academic achievement and retention in the subject.
Determination of BLDC Motor Capacity for Electric Car Drive
Authors: Purnawan Purnawan , Casnan Casnan , Kurniawan Arief , Riski Ananda
Published: June 2021

The study's objectives were to: determine the type of Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor that is right for an electric car drive system with a capacity of one passenger, and Knowing the capacity of the BLDC motor used as an electric car drive system with a capacity of one passenger. This research uses Research and Development (R&D) level 1. The research subjects taken are students and lecturers of Vocational Education, Automotive Technology and Electrical Engineering, Ahmad Dahlan University, totalling eight students four lecturers. Ahmad Dahlan University " AL-QORNI " electric car is planned to use an electric motor type Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) with a capacity of 2000 watts which works with a voltage of 49 volts - 96 volts.
The virtual classroom: a nurse's experience
Authors: Akpan Nsisongabasi
Published: June 2021

Part-time student Nsisongabasi Akpan shares her experience of studying in the virtual classroom during the COVID-19 pandemic and how she adapted this to suit her learning style.
Do not resuscitate this unlawful policy
Authors: Finch John
Published: June 2021

The public inquiry into the unlawful application of ‘do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ notices to care home residents with COVID-19 fell to the Care Quality Commission, despite the criminal nature of these decisions. The regulator's final report ignores the fundamental questions of this issue. John Finch elaborates.
WeCARE Intervention Program: An Online Multilevel International Program for Promoting Well-Being and Resilience in the School Community during Unsettling Times
Authors: Hatzichristou Chryse , Lianos Panayiotis , Lampropoulou Aikaterini , Yfanti Theodora , Athanasiou Danai
Published: June 2021

During the second decade of the 21st century families and schools world-wide have been affected by several critical events, with economic recession, the refugee crisis, and lately the COVID-19 pandemic being the most prominent. Pertaining to the school community (students, educators, administration, parents, school personnel etc.), evidence-based interventions for improving mental health and supporting psychosocial adjustment are necessary. In this paper the development, implementation, and evaluation of the international WeCARE (We Connect, Accept, Respect, Empower) program, an online multilevel intervention for promoting well-being and resilience in the school community during unsettling times, is presented. The Program has a multicultural perspective and provides the opportunity to students from different countries to cooperate and develop multicultural skills. The intervention is based on a conceptual model for enhancing positive development, resilience, social and emotional skills, and competence. The interventions were implemented on individual and system levels over four consecutive years, including web-based teachers’ training and supervision, seminars for parents, and classroom implementation. Furthermore, collaboration amongst schools and educational settings was highlighted, in the form of networking at national and international level. Based on the evaluation results, the necessity for further development and implementation of programs for the promotion of resilience and well-being during unsettling times is discussed.
LONDON, 1584: TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL POLITICS
Authors: Petrina Alessandra
Published: June 2021

London, in the year 1584, was a crossroads of cultural exchange, philosophical elaboration, religious dissent. The present contribution focuses on this year considering the circulation of people – especially foreign intellectuals – and books: it looks at the cultural circle established in the household of the French ambassador, Michel de Castelnau; at works such as Giordano Bruno’s his Cena de le ceneri and John Florio’s First Fruites; at a cultural mediator, William Fowler, and at his translation of Machiavelli’s Prince. Through the investigation of the meetings and exchanges that took place in this pivotal year the present contribution attempts to shed light on the cultural dynamics, supported by book-buying, translation, quotation and allusion, that constitute such a fundamental element of the construction of Elizabethan culture.
CONTRATO E REALIZAÇÃO EM ROUSSEAU
Authors: Silva Antonio Cesar Ferreira da
Published: June 2021

Para Rousseau, ao se pensar sobre a estrutura política, é fundamental que se leve em conta a condição humana. Compreender como o homem pôde se realizar fora do contexto natural é compreender que a sociabilidade foi a única via possível para tal intento. Pensar política, pensar sociedade é pensar o homem. E isso Rousseau fez de forma exemplar, partindo sempre da condição que poderia viabilizar a realização do indivíduo; e procurou uma solução a partir da unidade entre aquilo que o homem queria construir para lhe fornecer uma boa condição de vida e aquilo que ele aspirava no seu mais íntimo sentimento, o sentimento de existência. Procurou considerar a vida do homem não dissociando as estruturas do estado em que o homem vivia e as estruturas da sua constituição. Essa via dá unidade ao pensamento rousseauniano, pois é a via que liga suas obras mais sistêmicas às obras de cunho mais antropológico. Daí não se compreender o projeto social de Rousseau sem a ligação com obras que abordam o homem em sua constituição, como é o caso do  Discurso sobre a origem e os fundamentos da desigualdade entre os homens . Assim, tratar sobre a melhor forma de sociabilidade é tratar da relação entre essa forma e as aspirações do homem expressas pelo seu sentimento de existência.
BODIN, O “LIVRE-SUJEITO” E A CIDADANIA MODERNA
Authors: Aurélio Diogo Pires
Published: June 2021

Bodin figura nas histórias do pensamento político, quase exclusivamente, como teorizador da soberania. Há, no entanto, um outro conceito, que faz igualmente parte da sua arquitetura teórica e que não tem menor projeção nos tempos modernos: o conceito de cidadão. Bodin define este último de modo algo insólito, apresentando-o como franc-sujet, isto é, como indivíduo a quem o poder atribui privilégios que o tornam simultaneamente livre e súbdito. Com esse estranho conceito, nascido no clima de guerra que alastrou a seguir à fragmentação religiosa da Europa, Bodin visa um compromisso entre, por um lado, a paz e a tolerância, que só a nova ordem política – o estado soberano – pode assegurar, e, por outro lado, a liberdade dos indivíduos e dos grupos, que ela pode fazer perigar. O presente artigo pretende analisar esse aparente paradoxo, evidenciando a originalidade e a fecundidade de uma definição como a que apresenta Bodin, em confronto com as que se conhecem de Aristóteles, Hobbes e Rousseau.
JUSTIÇA EM ESPINOSA: NOTAS PARA UMA HIPÓTESE
Authors: Braga Luiz Carlos Montans
Published: June 2021

Uma das agudezas de Espinosa consiste em fazer uso de termos da tradição e dar a eles novas cores, subvertendo-os. Com efeito, Deus, conceito-chave em seu sistema, equivale a natureza ou substância. Não ato puro e transcendente, como em Tomás de Aquino, mas imanente. Direito, por seu turno, é o mesmo que potentia, derivado da potência absoluta da substância ou natureza. Tese que, importa sublinhar, estiola por completo a divisão estanque direito natural versus direito positivo, visto que todo direito é por definição potência, sendo, por esta razão, o direito natural em estado de natureza mera opinião, como escreve no Tratado político. O mesmo se dá com outros conceitos, tais como liberdade e afetos. O objetivo do artigo é tratar de um conceito menos frequentado pelos comentadores, mas que, hipótese que será defendida, é igualmente reconceitualizado por Espinosa. Trata-se do conceito de justiça. O foco inicial será Tomás de Aquino, como autor paradigmático da tradição que analisa o conceito de justiça. Isto para, por contraste, explicitar em quê Espinosa modifica a definição. Com este objetivo, o escólio 2 da Proposição 37 da Parte IV da Ética será analisado à luz do sistema espinosano. Isso implica que outras partes do corpus serão movimentadas para a compreensão deste excerto central da Ética quanto ao tema da justiça. A questão-chave que norteará a exposição será a seguinte: Espinosa possui um conceito de justiça? Se sim, ele se distancia da tradição, aqui representada por Tomás de Aquino? Por fim, trata-se de investigar se há um, e apenas um, conceito de justiça espinosano.
MAQUIAVEL NA FORMAÇÃO REPUBLICANA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMÉRICA DO NORTE: UMA POLÊMICA
Authors: Reis Nilo Henrique Neves dos
Published: June 2021

algumas interpretações revisionistas estadunidenses têm sugerido que o pensamento de Maquiavel está presente na história intelectual de formação dos Estados Unidos. Essa mensuração é um elemento significativo para refletirmos sobre a influência maquiaveliana em solo norte-americano; neste sentido, a vigência de um autor deve ser identificada nos traços que apontam a aceitação e/ou recusa de suas teses aplicadas para a prática e teorização. É com esse juízo que se pode afirmar se, de fato, ocorreu alguma influência de um autor em dada perspectiva política diversa. Neste artigo, demonstraremos que, independentemente das posições, as obras de Maquiavel receberam atenção de personalidades instruídas ao longo da formação do pensamento político nos Estados Unidos. Essas mesmas personagens não deixariam de se imiscuir com as ideias por conta do aspecto religioso, mas, por razões óbvias, tais leitores não estavam dispostos a sofrer sanções sociais em nome de uma controversa aproximação.
MODELOS DE PRÍNCIPES VIRTUOSOS: ABORDAGEM DOS CAPÍTULOS 19 A 27 DO LIVRO I DOS DISCORSI DE NICOLAU MAQUIAVEL
Authors: Dos Santos Rodrigo
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar e apresentar o estudo da relação dos homens com o tempo que supera de todo modo a afirmação da maldade humana e ou de uma pura e simples decadente natureza. E, apesar de aparente contradição entre a percepção da virtude ou não no príncipe, no ator político em Maquiavel, a questão posta é se – há príncipes virtuosos? Se é possível na “aparente” bondade encontrar tão somente uma substância má na perspectiva antropológica? Se considerarmos que se assim fosse, não haveria virtude e nem julgamentos dignos de elogios a serem imitados no pensamento corrente político do Florentino. Assim, sob o enfoque de três assuntos, a configuração do artigo, se analisará: (a) a teoria da virtú e da boa fortuna; (b) a necessidade do armamento, do conflito e da guerra na civiltà e (c) o modus operandis de investimento nesta formação de bons manuseadores de armas. Maquiavel, nestes capítulos do Discorsi nos dá a ideia da virtualidade dos príncipes para produção de benefícios para a república, na medida em que as sucessões e as políticas de expansão se fizerem prioridade dos seus líderes, tanto é que a verificação, pode-se ver diante da obra de Tito Lívio, quando ele citará Rômulo, que foi um rei feroz e belicoso; Numa Pompílio, rei tranquilo e religioso e Túlio Hostílio, pouco mais semelhante a Rômulo, só que mais amante da guerra do que da paz.
Highly tunable thermal emitter with vanadium dioxide metamaterials for radiative cooling
Authors: Jia Yuanlin , Wang Xiaoxia , Yin Huaiyuan , Yao Huawei , Wang Junqiao , Fan Chunzhen
Published: June 2021

An efficient thermal emitter for selective radiative cooling is realized with vanadium dioxide metamaterials. The novel structure consists of patterned

V
O

2

metamaterials on the multilayer substrate and a composite layer on it. To obtain the enhanced emissivity, the influence of the top composite layer and external thermal stimuli are comprehensively optimized. The emissivity can reach up to 0.952 in the metallic phase of

V
O

2

with a composite layer in the atmospheric window, which is due to strong localization of the electric field in the cavity. The influence on the emissivity with different incident angles and geometric parameters is investigated elaborately. Finally, the cooling power is calculated and achieves a high value of

710

W

/

m

2

at 383 K, which is significantly higher than that of previous works. Thus, our proposed tunable emitter with high performance will be beneficial to the dynamic radiative cooling system and may open a potential application in building cooling and intelligent windows.
Broadband absorption coating for large-curvature surfaces by atomic
layer deposition
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Yang Chenying , Zhang Yueguang , Wang Hailan , Chen Xiao , Li Yaguo , Xu Qiao , Shen Weidong
Published: June 2021

For many applications, large curvature surfaces or complicated 3D structures are
required to absorb light that falls on them to reduce stray light or
energy collection. A novel, to the best of our knowledge, strategy
with a metal–dielectric film stack by the atomic layer deposition
technique is put forward to achieve broadband absorption coating
covering both sides of a quartz tube completely. Absorptive metallic
material of titanium–aluminum–carbon composite and dielectric material
of aluminum oxide (

A
l

2

O

3

) is employed to realize high
absorption (

>

99

%

) for the 400–780 nm band with the
configuration of a six-layer metal–dielectric film stack. Good angle
insensitivity up to 50° for

P

- and

S

-polarizations is demonstrated
experimentally with the proposed structure on a glass slab. The
average absorption of the coated quartz tube reaches as high as 99%
for all curving areas on the inner and outer sides, while the
nonuniformity is confined to 1.5% for the axial and circumferential
directions. This presented approach has enormous potential in the
fields of optical detection, optical imaging, optical sensing, and
energy management.
Titanium content influence on the optical response characteristics of TiO2/ormosils composite films doped with azobenzene
Authors: Zhang Xuehua , Liu Shun , Xue Chu , Zhang Wei , Sun Rui , Hu Fangren
Published: June 2021

T
i

O

2

-based organic–inorganic composite films doped with azobenzene and photosensitive groups were prepared by combining a low-temperature solgel technique and a spin-coating method. The influence of

T
i

O

2

content on the optical and structural properties of the composite films including the film thickness, the refractive index, the transmission loss, the thermal gravity analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra was studied. Photoisomerization and optical switching characteristics of the composite film were investigated under the irradiation of 365 nm ultraviolet light and 450 nm visible light. Results indicate that several micrometer thick films can be easily obtained at room temperature and there is a proportional relationship between the refractive index value and the

T
i

O

2

content. In addition, the composite films have a low optical propagation loss of about 0.1 dB/cm. The composite films with 0.2 M

T
i

O

2

content have an obvious photoisomerization and good optical switching properties. Finally, the hexagonal microlens array was fabricated in the composite films by using an ultraviolet nanoimprint technology. All these results above indicate that the as-prepared

T
i

O

2

-based organic–inorganic composite film has potential applications in optical switching devices and photonic elements.
Effect of deformation of a flat plate specimen under in-plane blasting
loading on 2D and 3D digital image correlation measurement
Authors: Huang Chen , Yang Liyun , Ding Chenxi , Lin Changyu , Wang Guidong , Xie Huanzhen
Published: June 2021

In combination with high-speed photography, a 3D digital image correlation (DIC)
experimental system suitable for an in-plane blasting experiment is
established to effectively explore the mechanism of blasting. The
dynamic response of the specimen under in-plane blasting loading is
analyzed on the basis of the model experiment, and the effect of
out-of-plane deformation on the 2D-DIC measurement under a blasting
stress wave is studied. First, the out-of-plane displacement and
strain evolution law of the specimen under blasting load are studied
by using a 3D-DIC system. Second, an analytical model of the effect of
out-of-plane curved displacement on 2D-DIC measurement under the
blasting load is proposed on the basis of pinhole imaging theory.
Finally, the specific error value and error percentage of out-of-plane
displacement to the 2D-DIC measurement results are quantitatively
analyzed on the basis of the established theoretical method. Results
show that the theoretical error of out-of-plane curved displacement to
2D-DIC accounts for 10.8% of the measured vertical strain. In the
polycarbonate plate specimen, the effect of out-of-plane displacement
caused by the blasting experiment on 2D-DIC measurements cannot be
ignored. This novel, to the best of our knowledge, experimental system
provides a wealth of experimental data, including in-plane full-field
strain evolution and out-of-plane displacement changes.
Graphene metalens with dynamic focusing and plane focusing in the terahertz range
Authors: He Junjie , Chen Runkai , Li Yifan , Chen Songpei , Liu Zhongmin , Zhang Qingmao
Published: June 2021

We theoretically propose a high-efficiency tunable metalens based on an ellipse-shaped perforated graphene metasurface. By optimizing the axial length ratio of the elliptical aperture, we find the elliptical aperture with high reflectivity over a broad band by means of observing the reflectivity at different frequencies. Then, varying the orientation of the elliptical aperture from 0° to 180°, the reflected wave can generate a continuous

2
π

range phase shift while keeping its amplitude high, which is necessary to achieve focusing. The metalens exhibits extraordinary tunability of focal length via uniformly changing the Fermi energy of graphene. The focus can be shifted above 72 µm with focusing efficiency reaching over 70%. In addition, the tunable metalens is also capable of broadband focusing modulation and plane focusing. The presented metalens exhibits outstanding focusing efficiency in dynamic focusing, thereby manifesting great practicability in dynamic imaging and robust stable imaging.
Automated material identification with a Raman spectrometer based on
the contribution enhancement of small differences and the adaptive target
Raman peak subtraction
Authors: Huang Fei , Xue Meng , Yang Zhaoqing , Guo Hanming
Published: June 2021

There is only a small difference in Raman peaks between two materials, but they also represent different molecular materials. Therefore, the accurate identification ability for similar materials with small differences among their Raman peaks plays a key role in Raman spectrometers for material identification. However, the noises, the baseline (i.e., fluorescence backgrounds), and the requirements, such as fast and automated detection, of excellent user experiences cause many difficulties. In this paper, the target Raman peak is directly subtracted from the detected Raman spectrum by the adaptive minimum root mean square error (RMSE) estimation for a residual spectrum. Unlike the usual methods in which the detected Raman peak needs to be first recovered by removing the baseline from its Raman spectrum and then to be compared with the target Raman peak, our method can effectively enhance the contribution of small differences between the detected and the target Raman peak on the residual spectrum so as to make the RMSE of the residual spectrum more sensitive with increasing differences. On the other hand, the obtained RMSE of the residual spectrum only has a small change for the detected Raman spectrum with various baselines. So the common criteria (i.e., the third-order polynomials describing RMSE) to identify the detected Raman spectrum with various baselines and the target Raman spectrum is presented. Simulation results show that the small difference, where there is only an additional small Raman peak as low as 1/25 of the maximum peak height, can also be accurately identified. Experiments also demonstrate that similar materials can be accurately identified, whereas some commercial Raman spectrometers fail to identify them. Our method effectively deals with the problem in which the error of the complex baseline correction causes erroneous judgement in Raman spectrometers for material identification.
NFV orchestration over disaggregated metro optical networks with end-to-end multi-layer slicing enabling crowdsourced live video streaming
Authors: Muqaddas Abubakar Siddique , Tessinari Rodrigo Stange , Casellas Ramon , Garrich Miquel , Hugues-Salas Emilio , González de Dios Óscar , Luque Lourdes , Giorgetti Alessio , Sgambelluri Andrea , Cugini Filippo , Moreno-Muro Francisco-Javier , Morro Roberto , Farrow Kristan , Wonfor Adrian , Channegowda Mayur , Pavón-Mariño Pablo , Lord Andrew , Nejabati Reza , Simeonidou Dimitra
Published: June 2021

Network infrastructure must support emerging applications, fulfill 5G requirements, and respond to the sudden increase of societal need for remote communications. Remarkably, crowdsourced live video streaming (CLVS) challenges operators’ infrastructure with tides of users attending major sport or public events that demand high bandwidth and low latency jointly with computing capabilities at the networks’ edge. The Metro-Haul project entered the scene proposing a cost-effective, agile, and disaggregated infrastructure for the metro segment encompassing optical and packet resources jointly with computing capabilities. Recently, a major Metro-Haul outcome took the form of a field trial of network function virtualization (NFV) orchestration over the multi-layer packet and disaggregated optical network testbed that demonstrated a CLVS use case. We showcased the average service creation time below 5 min, which met the key performance indicator as defined by the 5G infrastructure public private partnership. In this paper, we expand our field trial demonstration with a detailed view of the Metro-Haul testbed for the CLVS use case, the employed components, and their performance. The throughput of the service is increased from approximately 9.6 Gbps up to 35 Gbps per virtual local area network with high-performance VNFs based on single-root input/output virtualization technology.
Analysis of wavelength deployment schemes in terms of optical network unit cost and upstream transmission performance in NG-EPONs
Authors: Zhang Chenxiao , Yang Mingcong , Zheng Weichang , Zheng Yu , Wu Yunyi , Zhang Yongbing
Published: June 2021

Next-generation Ethernet passive optical networks (NG-EPONs) were standardized by the IEEE 802.3 Working Group in 2020 [IEEE 802.3ca-2020–IEEE Standard for Ethernet Amendment 9: physical layer specifications and management parameters for 25 Gb/s and 50 Gb/s passive optical networks, 2020]. Due to the channel bonding technology [“Recent progress on 25G EPON and beyond,” in 42nd European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) (2016).] adopted by NG-EPONs, multiple wavelengths can be assigned to an optical network unit (ONU) simultaneously, leading to higher peak transmission rates. As a result, assigning traffic in multiple wavelength channels provides greater scheduling flexibility, a higher peak upstream rate, and better upstream transmission performance (i.e., lower latency); however, it leads to the use of high-cost ONUs with multiple transceivers and further increases the total cost of NG-EPONs. Therefore, selecting a proper wavelength deployment scheme is very important when designing future NG-EPONs. In this paper, we focus on the trade-off between ONU cost and the upstream performance in a static scenario, and we develop an integer linear programming model to formulate the problem. In addition, we propose a heuristic wavelength deployment scheme comparison and selection (WDSCS) algorithm to effectively select appropriate wavelength deployment schemes. According to our simulation results, our proposed WDSCS algorithm can efficiently find a finer number of deployment wavelengths to balance the cost of ONUs and the upstream transmission performance. The wavelength deployment schemes for future NG-EPONs can also be specified based on whether network operators prioritize network performance or cost.
Tunable vortex beam generation using an optical parametric oscillator with an antiresonant-ring interferometer
Authors: Sharma Varun , Kumar S. Chaitanya , Samanta G. K. , Ebrahim-Zadeh M.
Published: June 2021

We report a high-average-power picosecond optical vortex source tunable in the near-infrared, using an antiresonant-ring (ARR) interferometer internal to an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) in combination with an external cylindrical lens for astigmatic mode conversion. The ARR OPO is tunable in the signal across 1457–1647 nm with a vortex intensity profile and up to 1 W of average power at 1602 nm. The corresponding idler is tunable over 3006–3945 nm in a Gaussian intensity profile with as much as 1.6 W at 3168 nm. The vortex signal and the Gaussian idler exhibit passive power stability better than 1.7% rms and 1.3% rms, respectively, over

>

1

h

. The signal pulses have a Gaussian duration of

<

19

p
s

with a time–bandwidth product of

Δ
τ
Δ
ν
<
3.6

across the tuning range.
Experimental investigation of a non-Abelian gauge field in 2D perovskite photonic platform
Authors: Polimeno L. , Fieramosca A. , Lerario G. , De Marco L. , De Giorgi M. , Ballarini D. , Dominici L. , Ardizzone V. , Pugliese M. , Prontera C. T. , Maiorano V. , Gigli G. , Leblanc C. , Malpuech G. , Solnyshkov D. D. , Sanvitto D.
Published: June 2021

Electromagnetism, with its scalar charges, is based on an Abelian gauge theory, whereas non-Abelian gauge theories with vector charges describe strong and weak interactions, with a coupled spatial and charge (color) dynamics. New Abelian gauge fields have been synthesized artificially, allowing the study of extraordinary physical effects. The most well-known example is the Berry curvature, the cornerstone of topological physics. Synthetic non-Abelian gauge fields have been implemented only recently, but their action on the spatial dynamics of their emergent charges has not been studied experimentally so far. Here, by exploiting optically anisotropic 2D perovskite in the strong light–matter coupling regime, we experimentally synthesized a static non-Abelian gauge field, acting on an exciton-polariton quantum flow at room temperature. We observe experimentally the corresponding curved trajectories and spin precession. Our work could therefore open perspectives to study the non-Abelian physics using highly flexible photonic simulators.
Negative refraction mediated by bound states in the continuum
Authors: Zhang Zhanyuan , Qin Feifei , Xu Yi , Fu Songnian , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen
Published: June 2021

Negative refraction might occur at the interface between a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) slab and a homogeneous medium, where the guiding of the electromagnetic wave along the third dimension is governed by total internal reflection. Herein, we report on the observation of negative refraction in the PhC slab where the vertical guiding is enabled by a bound state in the continuum and essentially beyond the light cone. Such abnormal refraction and guiding mechanism are based on the synchronous crafting of spatial dispersion and the radiative lifetime of Bloch modes within the radiative continuum. Microwave experiments are provided to further validate the numerical proposal in an all-dielectric PhC platform. It is envisioned that the negative refraction observed beyond the light cone might facilitate the development of optical devices in integrated optics, such as couplers, multiplexers, and demultiplexers.
Brillouin-scattering-induced transparency enabled reconfigurable sensing of RF signals
Authors: Kadum Jaffar , Das Ranjan , Misra Arijit , Schneider Thomas
Published: June 2021

Real-time spectrum sensing is essential to enable dynamic and rapid spectrum sharing of unused frequencies to cater the substantial demands of new wireless services deploying the existing RF bands. In this paper, we present a novel, real-time spectrum sensing approach for widely used RF signals based on Brillouin-scattering-induced transparency (BIT). A temporal discrimination of multi-channel input frequencies is achieved through the group delay tuning by BIT. By tuning the pump power and frequency, the proposed technique is fully reconfigurable and viable for a broad range of spectrum sensing. Several experimental illustrations of the time domain sensing are presented for two-tone channels with 0.9, 1.8, and 5 GHz frequencies to detect the unused spectrum within 3G, 4G, and 5G signals.