bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Evaluation of a Vertical Tail for a Supersonic Vehicle: Architecture, Boundary Conditions, and Material System Influence
Authors: Battaglia Miriam , Baldieri Ferdinando , Russo Gennaro , Voto Claudio , Acanfora Valerio , Sellitto Andrea , Riccio Aniello
Published: June 2024

Supersonic aircraft is defined as aircraft that can travel at speeds above the speed of sound (M > 1). For these aircraft, correct dimensioning is essential to enable them to withstand the high aerodynamic loads they face. This study evaluates the impact of internal architecture, boundary conditions, and material on the dimensioning of the vertical tailplane when subjected to a gust load. The optimal configuration is the one that achieves a balance between weight and structural performance. Titanium alloy Ti 6AI‐4 V and carbon/carbon composites are selected as the most suitable materials for this application due to their known high‐temperature resistance. The best configuration, although it weighs 20% times more than the composite configuration, manages to achieve a reduction in tip displacement of 80%, significantly improving strength and instability performance.
Dimensional and Weight Characterization of 3D Printed PET Specimens Designed for Compliant Mechanisms
Authors: Nicolescu Alexandru‐Ionut , Hadăr Anton , Baciu Florin , Stochioiu Constantin , Ulmeanu Mihaela‐Elena
Published: June 2024

The paper presents a study on the dimensional and weight characterization of 3D printed polyethylene terephthalate specimens designed specifically for compliant mechanisms. Compliant mechanisms find applications in various industries, including medical, consumer goods, education, and research and development. Ensuring these mechanisms meet the required functional needs is crucial, particularly when customizing medical devices. The research focuses on material selection, a critical aspect for 3D printed compliant mechanisms. To investigate the influence of the material deposition angle on the quality and precision of 3D printing, the study considers traction and bending specimens. For each specimen type, three sets of five specimens are manufactured, incorporating different deposition angles: 0°, ±45°, and 90°. In total, 30 specimens are produced, labeled, weighted, and measured. The results reveal that specimens printed at a deposition angle of 45° exhibit the smallest dimensional and mass deviations, indicating higher precision and accuracy. Those printed at 0° follow closely in terms of deviation, while specimens printed at 90° display larger deviations.
Numerical Investigation on the Compressive Behaviors of Islamic Geometric Patterns Inspired Architectured Material
Authors: Marcon Stefano , Ferro Paolo , Berto Filippo , Bertolin Chiara , Gao Chao
Published: June 2024

The remarkable mechanical performance of architectural materials—composed of carefully designed building blocks—have received increasing interest from the scientific and engineering community in recent decades. Among architectural materials, lattice materials turned out to be the most promising structure to be further investigated as they offer many attractive properties for engineering applications—e.g., lightweight, auxetic effect, and high strength‐to‐weight ratio. Inspired by traditional Islamic Geometric Patterns (IGPs), this contribution investigates a new set of designs of lattice structures based on geometrical patterns easily controlled by a single designing parameter derived by the “Hasba” (measure in Arabic) method of construction of Islamic geometric patterns. Utilizing the commercial software Abaqus for finite element analysis, the mechanical behavior of an IGP‐inspired lattice structure is numerically analyzed, particularly focusing on its uniaxial in‐plane compressive properties under quasi‐static conditions and revealing, through buckle and postbuckle analyses with a hyperelastic material model, insights into the structural instability and of these innovative lattice structures.
Development of a Prototype Drone through Carbon Fiber Composite Structures and Additive Manufacturing Techniques
Authors: Mihailescu Razvan , Simion Ionel , Enache Catalina Ioana , Chivu Oana Roxana , Nitoi Dan
Published: June 2024

Drones, currently employed in various sectors such as the military, agriculture, mapping, and transportation, function as aerial vehicles. This paper highlights contributions related to the construction of a drone with composite structures, utilizing epoxy resin reinforced with carbon fiber. The focus is on designing and practically implementing key structural components, including the main body that supports electronic parts, carbon tube arms, the drone head, and landing bracket. Geometric design is carried out using Inventor 2023 software. Practical aspects encompass the technology employed for crafting drone body elements and details about the materials used. The drone's design undergoes iterative improvements to produce an advanced prototype with superior capabilities compared to existing models. Additive printing is performed using an Anycubic Vyper printer. To ascertain the quality of the new material, tensile and bending tests are conducted to validate the integrity of the composite structures.
Determination of the Friction Coefficient Magnitude in the Case of Polymer Samples Manufactured by 3D Printing
Authors: Crăciun Elisaveta , Mihalache Andrei Marius , Hrițuc Adelina , Coteață Margareta , Dodun Oana , Nagiț Gheorghe , Ionuț Rîpanu Marius , Slătineanu Laurențiu
Published: June 2024

In industrial practice, there are situations where friction processes are developed, one of the components involves in the process being made of polymeric materials. In such situations, it may be necessary to know more information regarding the magnitude of the friction coefficient for polymer–polymer or polymer–metal material pairs. A relatively simple equipment is designed and materialized, starting from the idea of moving a sled on which there is a strip of known material and on which a sample of the material to be tested is pressed with a force of known magnitude. The processing of the results of some experimental tests carried out on this equipment, using specialized software, allows the determination of an empirical mathematical model to highlight the influence exerted by some input factors in the experiment on the size of the friction coefficient. It is thus found that, for the available experimental conditions, the nature of the couple of materials in contact and the thickness of the polymer layer deposited by 3D printing exert the greatest influence on the magnitude of the friction coefficient.
Designing an Ultrasonic System Used to Reduce the Cross‐Linking Time of Epoxy Resins Used in the Construction of Brake Cylinders
Authors: Pasare Vili , Nitoi Dan , Opran Constantin G. , Chivu Oana , Semenescu Augustin , Milicescu Stefan
Published: June 2024

Ultrasounds and their applications constitute fields of theoretical and practical research with applicability starting with the military, medicine, automotive industry, and ending with household appliances. The use of ultrasonic field in the cross‐linking of epoxy resins reduces the time required to produce composite structures, independent of the type of reinforcing components used. Brake cylinders, made by successive deposition of two layers of epoxy resin and quartz sand used in applications where frictional forces are very high, constitute a challenge for composite structures. The article presents the analytical calculation and the design of the ultrasonic system used in making a sample made of metallic base material and two layers of epoxy resin reinforced with quartz sand. Using this new proposed technology, there is a substantial reduction in the time required to solidify the structure and the elimination of the need for a high temperature necessary to carry out the traditional technological process.
Sound Isolation Capacity of 3D Printed Polymeric Panel
Authors: Hrituc Adelina , Mihalache Andrei Marius , Dodun Oana , Nagit Gheorghe , Slatineanu Laurențiu
Published: June 2024

In today's technological fields, polymeric materials are used on large scale already. The research direction this paper proposes refers to the sound insulation capacity of some panels made of polymeric material. Thus, the emphasis is placed on investigating the insulation capacity of a small panel made of polymeric polylactic acid by 3D printing. The equipment for the experimental research involves passing the sounds emitted by a mini audio speaker, commands via Bluetooth by a mobile phone, through a small panel made of PLA by 3D printing. The sound pressure level is measured using a sound level meter. A method of planning the experimental tests is used by considering a variation of the volume and frequency of the sounds. The experimental results are processed using specialized software based on the least‐squares method. The analysis of the empirical mathematical models thus establishes and the diagrams made by using these models highlight the existence of some maximum of the observed quantities for the variation of the volume and frequency of the sound.
Roughness Regression Functions of 3D Printed PLA Parts Surfaces Machined by CNC Milling
Authors: Lazăr Marius‐Vali , Gheorghe Marian , Alexandru Tudor George
Published: June 2024

Some 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts, as components of molds for silicone, resin, and other materials, require fine roughness of their active surfaces. One method to improve the printed surface roughness is machining by fine milling. The present paper addresses issues of surface roughness that is generated by milling of 3D printed PLA parts. An experimental setup is developed, comprising of multiple samples which are subjected to the same cutting process, but considering various parameter settings on cutting speed and the feed rate. The roughness of each specimen is evaluated under a standardized procedure. The results are stored in a dataset for developing multivariable regression functions. The main outcome of the research consists of predicting the roughness of the surfaces that are subjected to the milling process, by considering a set of working parameters as independent variables.
Research on Position Accuracy of Autonomous Industrial Vehicles in Polymer Products Factories
Authors: Jugravu Bogdan Alexandru , Lazăr Marius Vali , Savu Tom , Abaza Bogdan Felician , Opran Constantin Gheorghe
Published: June 2024

The paper presents a research on estimating the positioning accuracy of autonomous industrial vehicles, using an original sensor fusion combination, in specific polymer production factories environments. Mechanical and electrical subsystems designs are presented, together with the software application and testing results. Conclusions are drawn, serving for future positioning system design.
Dimensionality Reduction in Structural Health Monitoring: A Case Study on Damaged Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Rezazadeh Nima , Polverino Antonio , Perfetto Donato , De Luca Alessandro
Published: June 2024

In recent years, advances in structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite materials have been observed, driven by the adoption of intelligent diagnostic techniques. Vibration signals, which embed valuable structural health information, have been increasingly utilized in SHM. However, the high dimensionality of this data has necessitated significant computational resources and has made the differentiation between health states more complex. Highlighting the need for effective feature extraction and dimensionality reduction (DR), a study is conducted. In this research, advanced DR techniques, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA), locally linear embedding (LLE), t‐distributed stochastic neighbors embedding (t‐SNE), and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), are applied to an experimental dataset from a wind turbine blade under various health and environmental conditions (controlled‐environment vibration signals). The extracted features are then processed for the classification phase, and it is found that UMAP provides the best performance, albeit with a slightly increased computational demand. The findings from this research offer invaluable insights for researchers and engineers, assisting in the selection of the most appropriate DR method for SHM, and weighing up accuracy against computational time.
Surgeon General calls for social media warning labels
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2024

Observing the significant harm that social media has on adolescent mental health, U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, M.D., last week asked Congress to require warning labels on social media platforms similar to those posted on cigarette boxes.
APA poll finds ‘psychological safety’ important to workers
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2024

There are signs that workers perform better in workplaces where they feel comfortable expressing themselves and difficult issues can be raised — what psychologists refer to as “psychologically safe” workplaces, according to the American Psychological Association's (APA's) 2024 Work in America survey, released last week.
On solvability of polyharmonic Dirichlet problem in symmetric Sobolev spaces
Authors: Bilalov Bilal T. , Sadigova Sabina R. , Sezer Yonca , Nasibova Natavan P.
Published: June 2024

Let
be a bounded domain with sufficiently smooth boundary
and
be a symmetric space defined on the measure space
. We consider a Dirichlet problem for
‐th order polyharmonic equation, and we establish its solvability (in strong sense) in Sobolev space
generated by the norm of
. Such spaces include classical Sobolev spaces, Orlicz–Sobolev spaces, grand Sobolev spaces, and Marcinkiewicz–Sobolev spaces. The obtained results are new for these special cases, too.
A generalized model of cardiac surface motion for evaluating left anterior descending coronary artery dose in left breast cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Deng Yongjin , Qiu Minmin , Li Yangchan , Wang Chaoyang , Zhong Jiajian , Xiao Zhenhua , Wang Chengtao , Chen Ruiwan
Published: June 2024

Background

Retrospective studies indicate that radiation damage to left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) may be critical for late‐stage radiation‐induced cardiac morbidity. Developing a method that accurately depicts LAD motion and perform dose assessment is crucial.

Purpose

To construct a generalized cardiac surface motion model for LAD dose assessment in left breast cancer radiotherapy.

Methods

Cine MRI of 25 cases were divided into training and testing sets for model construction, and five external cases were gathered for generalization validation. Motion prediction from average intensity projection images (AIP) surface point cloud to that of each phase was realized by mapping the relationship between datum points and corresponding points with statistical shape modeling (SSM). Root mean square error (RMSE) for predicted corresponding points and Euclidean distance (ED) for predicted surface point cloud were used to assess model's accuracy. LAD dose assessment for 10 left breast cancer radiotherapy cases was perform by model application.

Results

The RMSE in testing cases and external cases were 0.209 ± 0.020 mm to 0.841 ± 0.074 mm and 0.895 ± 0.093 mm to 1.912 ± 0.138 mm, respectively; while the ED were 1.399 ± 0.029 mm to 1.658 ± 0.100 mm, 1.571 ± 0.080 mm to 1.779 ± 0.104 mm, respectively, proving the generalized model's high accuracy. The volume of LAD characterizing motion range (WPLAD) (2.392 ± 0.639 cm3) was approximately twice that of LAD from superimposed images (SPLAD) (0.927 ± 0.326 cm3) with p < 0.05, and the former's Dmax (3582.06 ± 575.92 cGy) was significantly larger than latter's (3222.71 ± 665.37 cGy) (p < 0.05). While WPLAD's Dmean (1408.06 ± 413.06 cGy) was slightly smaller than that of SPLAD (1504.15 ± 448.03 cGy), the difference did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). WPLAD's V20 (23.42% ± 16.62%) was less than SPLAD's (29.18% ± 21.07%) with p < 0.05, but their comparison in V30 and V40 did not yield statistically significant results. It implies the conventional LAD dose assessment ignores motion impact and may not be justified.

Conclusions

The generalized cardiac surface motion model informs LAD dose accurate assessment in left breast cancer radiotherapy.
Effectiveness of telerehabilitation on pain and function in musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Alahmri Fayez , Nuhmani Shibili , Muaidi Qassim
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Musculoskeletal disorders are common, causing high hospital and healthcare utilisation. Telerehabilitation (TR) is a new strategy to deliver treatment remotely to patients in their own homes, with lower costs and easier accessibility. This study investigated the effectiveness of TR on pain and function in musculoskeletal disorders.

Methods

A literature search of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PEDro databases was conducted by two reviewers on 10 Jan 2023. We included studies that investigated pain and function with TR compared with a control group in any musculoskeletal disorders. The data synthesis included the TR platforms and measured outcomes. Effectiveness was measured based on the pain and function results. The study methodological quality was assessed by the PEDro scale for RCTs.

Results

After removing duplicated and irrelevant studies, 200 were initially identified. This review includes seven RCTs of a total of 183 participants with musculoskeletal conditions such as low back pain, fibromyalgia, total knee arthroplasty, shoulder subacromial decompression, knee osteoarthritis, and rotator cuff syndrome. The TR platforms used were smartphone and web apps, video, phone calls, and teleconference sessions. The findings showed no significant differences between the TR and control groups in pain and function. TR showed better improvement with a significant short‐term difference in some variables, but this was not sustained in the long term.

Conclusion

TR was comparably effective to clinic‐based rehabilitation for treating musculoskeletal disorders. However, it was not superior to conventional rehabilitation. TR showed lower costs and a high level of adherence. We recommend implementing new TR tools to remotely treat patients.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42022375048.
Competition among simultaneously stimulated multiple hydraulic fractures: Insights from DEM simulation with the consideration of fluid partitioning
Authors: Li Xuejian , Duan Kang , Zhao Moli , Zhang Qiangyong , Wang Luchao , Jiang Rihua
Published: June 2024

Stimulating long and persistent fractures from multiple perforations in horizontal wells plays a vital role in enhancing the recovery of hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs. However, interaction among fractures may lead to dramatic nonuniformity, but the mechanism that drives the competition still eludes explanation. We proposed an improved two‐dimensional discrete element model to simulate fluid competition and stress interaction among perforations in the same fracturing stage. The fluid partitioning is implemented by dynamically dividing the injected fluid into different perforations to maintain pressure consistency and fluid conservation. The model is validated by comparing the induced stress, fracture aperture, and the evolution of the fracture height and the injection pressure with theoretical models. The influences of the perforation friction, fluid viscosity and injection rate are examined systematically. Simulation results reveal that fluid competition tends to stimulate one dominant fracture with other perforations suppressed. The effect of increasing the perforation friction for promoting the fluid partitioning is not remarkable while using more viscous fracturing fluid helps to initiate more fractures at the perforations. With a higher injection rate all fractures can propagate to the borders but the asymmetrical fracture pattern cannot be avoided. Four typical fracture patterns are distinguished by changing operational parameters.
Quasinormal modes and coupled mode theory of 1D metal‐dielectric photonic crystals
Authors: Allemeier David , White Matthew S.
Published: June 2024

Metal‐dielectric photonic crystals (MDPCs) are a class of photonic structure formed through the coupling of metallic microcavities. Interaction of the cavities results in hybridization of the underlying microcavity states to form photonic bands defined by the crystal periodicity, metal‐to‐dielectric ratio, and number of unit cells. In this study, we provide analytical solutions for the resonant states of discrete 1D MDPCs with an arbitrary number of cavities using quasinormal mode (QNM) theory. Our results show that the QNM solutions closely match the predictions of coupled mode theory (CMT) in the tight‐binding regime and diverge as the metal thickness vanishes. We apply the QNM results to the CMT model to find analytical expressions for the inter‐cavity coupling coefficients. Additionally, we analyze the quality factor, transmission, and absorption of both ideal and lossy MDPCs, revealing important trends in bulk optical properties.
Evaluating the use of the mobile electrocardiogram technology KardiaMobile™ in community settings: An online survey
Authors: Emmett Aimee , Kent Bridie , James Alison , March‐McDonald Jane
Published: June 2024

Background

In response to issues identified by community healthcare professionals (HCPs), including difficulty in routinely recording electrocardiograms (ECGs) at the time of their assessments with the population of patients referred to as ‘housebound’, one National Health Service (NHS) Trust adopted the mobile ECG technology; KardiaMobile™, supported by the Academic Health and Science Network (AHSN), in 2017–2018. The use and uptake of this technology were evaluated and are reported in this paper.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, mixed‐methods online survey was conducted from August 2021 to October 2021. The respondents were a convenience sample of HCPs using KardiaMobile™ to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) with their patients; all were employed by one, predominantly rural NHS trust. Descriptive methods were used to analyse the quantitative data, whilst a reflexive approach to thematic analysis was chosen to analyse the qualitative data (Braun & Clarke, 2019, Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11, 589).

Results

A total of 33 surveys were completed, with a response rate of 8.8%. All respondents recognised the potential value of KardiaMobile™ for their work. Nineteen respondents (57.6%) reported having a shared understanding of the purpose of KardiaMobile™. Nineteen respondents (57.6%) agreed sufficient training and resources are provided to enable staff to implement KardiaMobile™. Qualitative data analysis found four overarching themes, with six sub‐themes.

Conclusion

KardiaMobile™ is a feasible means to detect AF in higher‐risk patients, particularly those living remotely or classed as ‘housebound’. Respondents in this survey indicated a desire for further training and input on the appropriate use of digital and mobile devices for AF care in a community setting. Incomplete integration of device‐collected heart rhythm data into the patient electronic health record was identified as a barrier to greater adoption of digital health devices for community HCPs.

No Patient or Public Contribution

Not required as it is a service evaluation from the perspective of HCPs using KardiaMobile™ technology.
Reconstruction of quality marker system for Ginkgo Folium tablet using UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS, quantum chemical calculation, network pharmacology, and molecular simulation
Authors: Chen Ban , Liu Shuangshuang , Li Xican , Li Chunhou , Cai Rongxin , Zeng Jingyuan , Hu Yuchen , Su Jiangtao , Chen Shaoman
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Ginkgo Folium tablet (GFT) is a patented traditional Chinese medicine prepared from Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (GBE). However, the current quality indicators for GFT or GBE as designated by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia are insufficient in preventing counterfeit events.

Objective

This study aimed to putatively identify compounds in GFT and to further develop a quality marker (Q‐marker) system for GFT.

Methods

A novel strategy utilizing database‐aided ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐orbitrap mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the lyophilized aqueous powder of GFT. Subsequently, the identified compounds underwent quantum chemical calculations, network pharmacology, and molecular simulations through in silico approaches to evaluate the Q‐marker principles of traceability, specificity, and efficiency‐relevance.

Results

The results revealed the putative identification of a total of 66 compounds, including 36 flavonoids, 7 phenolic acids and derivatives, 5 terpene lactones, 4 fatty acids and derivatives, 3 alkaloids, 1 amino acid, and 10 other compounds. Particularly, 16 compounds were unexpectedly observed, and seven compounds met the Q‐marker principles.

Conclusion

This study recommends the seven compounds, namely, (−)‐gallocatechin, matrine, (−)‐epicatechin, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, and curdione, as the anti‐counterfeiting pharmacopoeia Q‐markers for GFT. The reconstruction of the Q‐marker system for GFT not only enhances the understanding of the compounds in GFT and other GBE‐based preparations but also provides valuable recommendations for the Pharmacopoeia Commission.
Can blood‐flow restriction resistance training enhance remote strength transfer? A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Crespo Irene , Quintana‐Cepedal Marcos , Fernández‐del Valle María , del Valle Miguel , Olmedillas Hugo
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This systematic review with meta‐analysis aimed to examine the effect of blood flow restriction resistance training (BFR‐RT) on strength gains in untrained limbs (remote strength transfer [RST]).

Literature Survey

A search for studies was performed using six databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect) up to February 2024.

Methodology

Studies that assessed the RST phenomenon following BFR‐RT and measured muscle strength were included. Meta‐analyses of standardized mean differences (SMDs) were performed using a random‐effects model to determine the effect of BFR‐RT on RST.

Synthesis

Eight studies were included in this systematic review, of which six were involved in the meta‐analyses. BFR‐RT was not found to enhance RST in comparison with RT (SMD 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.02 to 0.56; p = .07). These findings did not vary when the comparison was examined in upper limbs or measured using an isometric contraction.

Conclusions

BFR‐RT does not enhance RST in comparison with traditional RT at the same load according to the meta‐analyses. Therefore, the usage of BFR is not recommended for RST.
Structure‐aware deep learning model for peptide toxicity prediction
Authors: Ebrahimikondori Hossein , Sutherland Darcy , Yanai Anat , Richter Amelia , Salehi Ali , Li Chenkai , Coombe Lauren , Kotkoff Monica , Warren René L. , Birol Inanc
Published: June 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a critical public health concern, necessitating the exploration of alternative treatments. While antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show promise, assessing their toxicity using traditional wet lab methods is both time‐consuming and costly. We introduce tAMPer, a novel multi‐modal deep learning model designed to predict peptide toxicity by integrating the underlying amino acid sequence composition and the three‐dimensional structure of peptides. tAMPer adopts a graph‐based representation for peptides, encoding ColabFold‐predicted structures, where nodes represent amino acids and edges represent spatial interactions. Structural features are extracted using graph neural networks, and recurrent neural networks capture sequential dependencies. tAMPer's performance was assessed on a publicly available protein toxicity benchmark and an AMP hemolysis data we generated. On the latter, tAMPer achieves an F1‐score of 68.7%, outperforming the second‐best method by 23.4%. On the protein benchmark, tAMPer exhibited an improvement of over 3.0% in the F1‐score compared to current state‐of‐the‐art methods. We anticipate tAMPer to accelerate AMP discovery and development by reducing the reliance on laborious toxicity screening experiments.
Climate change effects on the diversity and distribution of soybean true bugs pests
Authors: Chen Juhong , Jiang Kun , Li Yanfei , Wang Shujing , Bu Wenjun
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Climate change and pests are two major factors in the reduction of global soybean yields. The diversity and geographic distribution of soybean true bug pests vary across soybean production areas worldwide, and climate change impacts are different across species and regions. Therefore, we integrated spatial and temporal predictions at the global scale to predict the impact of global warming on the distribution of 84 soybean true bug pests by the maximum entropy niche model (MaxEnt) under present (1970–2000) and future (2041–2060) scenarios. We produced an ensemble projection of the potential distribution of pests and crop production areas to estimate how and where climate warming will augment the threat of soybean true bug pests to soybean production areas.

RESULTS

Our results indicated that Southeast North America, Central South America, Europe and East Asia were the regions with the higher richness of soybean true bug and the most vulnerable areas to invasion threats. Climate change would promote the expansion of the distribution range and facilitate pest movement pole wards, affecting more soybean cultivated areas located in mid‐latitudes. Moreover, species with different distribution patterns responded differently to climate change in that large‐ranged species tended to increase in occupancy over time, whereas small‐ranged species tended to decrease.

CONCLUSION

This result indicates that some pests that have not yet become notable may have the chance to develop into serious pests in the future due to the expansion of their geographical range. Our findings highlight that soybean cultivated regions at mid‐latitudes would face general infestations from soybean true bug pests under global warming. These results will further facilitate the formulation of adaptation planning to minimize local environmental impacts in the future. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Oleandrin enhances radiotherapy sensitivity in lung cancer by inhibiting the ATM/ATR‐mediated DNA damage response
Authors: Wu Qiong , Liu Xue , Wang Li‐min , Yang Yu‐hong , Pan Li‐fang , Zhang Jing‐jing , Wang Yu‐qing , Yao Qing‐hua , Ma Sheng‐lin , Zhang Shi‐rong
Published: June 2024

Despite active clinical trials on the use of Oleandrin alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of solid tumors, the potential synergistic effect of Oleandrin with radiotherapy remains unknown. This study reveals a new mechanism by which Oleandrin targets ATM and ATR kinase‐mediated radiosensitization in lung cancer. Various assays, including clonogenic, Comet, immunofluorescence staining, apoptosis and Cell cycle assays, were conducted to evaluate the impact of oleandrin on radiation‐induced double‐strand break repair and cell cycle distribution. Western blot analysis was utilized to investigate alterations in signal transduction pathways related to double‐strand break repair. The efficacy and toxicity of the combined therapy were assessed in a preclinical xenotransplantation model. Functionally, Oleandrin weakens the DNA damage repair ability and enhances the radiation sensitivity of lung cells. Mechanistically, Oleandrin inhibits ATM and ATR kinase activities, blocking the transmission of ATM‐CHK2 and ATR‐CHK1 cell cycle checkpoint signaling axes. This accelerates the passage of tumor cells through the G2 phase after radiotherapy, substantially facilitating the rapid entry of large numbers of inadequately repaired cells into mitosis and ultimately triggering mitotic catastrophe. The combined treatment of Oleandrin and radiotherapy demonstrated superior inhibition of tumor proliferation compared to either treatment alone. Our findings highlight Oleandrin as a novel and effective inhibitor of ATM and ATR kinase, offering new possibilities for the development of clinical radiosensitizing adjuvants.
Risk Factors of Smartphone Addiction: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Crowhurst Sina , Hosseinzadeh Hassan
Published: June 2024

Background

Smartphone addiction is exponentially increasing worldwide. It has negative health consequences. Previous systematic reviews identified several risk factors of smartphone addiction; however, they were based on cross‐sectional data. This systematic review aimed to fill the gap by assessing smartphone addiction risk factors using longitudinal studies.

Methods

This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023431529) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Six databases, including Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest Central and PsycINFO, were searched to identify eligible studies. Studies were eligible if they assessed smartphone addiction as the outcome variable, were longitudinal and were published in English. All papers included in this review were assessed for the risk of bias and quality.

Results

A total of 22 papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria after the screening process. The results were categorised into three groups, including personal, social and environmental factors. Within the groups, seven risk factors, including mental health, emotions, academic stress, social rejection and peer victimisation as well as family dysfunction and parental phubbing, were identified. All of the risk factors were significant predictors of smartphone addiction. Mental health problems, social rejection and peer victimisation also displayed a bidirectional relationship with smartphone addiction. Inconsistent smartphone addiction measurements were used.

Conclusion

This review has significant implications for policymakers as it identified seven risk factors for smartphone addiction. Further studies are warranted to improve the understanding of the aetiology of smartphone addiction and inform education, counselling and coping with smartphone addiction.
Bioactive Calcium Hydride‐Driving “Triple” Hydrogen/Alkaline/Calcium Therapy for Efficient Treatment of Osteomyelitis
Authors: Chen Lin , Cheng Shuning , Lu Shunyi , Gao Xiang , Gong Fei , Shi Junwu , Han Zhihui , Wang Yuanjie , Yang Xiaoyuan , Zhou Xiaozhong , Cheng Liang
Published: June 2024

Osteomyelitis with high mortality and disability rates is a common clinical disease caused by a bacterial infection that is difficult to cure. Considering the stubborn nature and depth of tissue infection, rapid and effective treatments for osteomyelitis remain an enormous challenge. Calcium hydride (CaH2), as efficient hydrogen/alkaline/calcium donors, is employed for combined osteomyelitis therapy. CaH2 reacts with water to sufficiently generate a strong alkali environment with hydroxide anions (OH−) to inhibit bacterial proliferation and induce bacterial death. The released calcium ions (Ca2+) induce calcium overload to kill bacteria first and then serves as calcium source to promote new bone formation. Another byproduct, hydrogen enhances the bacterial membrane permeability and scavenges excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). After incubation with bacteria, CaH2 significantly increases the permeability of the bacterial membrane, therefore increasing the entry of OH− and Ca2+ into bacterial cells, thereby leading to significant bacterial death. After being applied to S. aureus‐infected mouse tibia osteomyelitis, CaH2 materials efficiently kill bacteria, relieve local inflammation, and promote new bone formation in a short time. Overall, bioactive metal hydride‐associated “triple” hydrogen/alkaline/calcium therapy provides a new idea for the treatment of deep‐site bacterial infection, which is beneficial for relieving the pressure caused by antibiotic‐resistant bacteria.
Symmetrically Fluorinated D‐π‐A Structured Cyanine Dye for Highly Efficient NIR‐II Imaging‐Guided Cancer Phototheranostics
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Su Yi Tan , Iqbal Sania Zafar , Nawaz Raziq , Wang Yucai , Jiang Wei
Published: June 2024

Near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT) represents a cutting‐edge approach for precise tumor diagnosis and treatment, providing real‐time therapeutic efficacy evaluation. However, a significant challenge lies in the creation of phototheranostic agents that provide robust imaging and efficient photothermal conversion. To address this, a donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) structure heptamethine cyanine derivative, IR1116, that confers a strong intramolecular charge transfer effect is developed. To enhance its applicability, IR1116 is formulated with DSPE‐PEG to create a water‐dispersible NIR‐II phototheranostic nanoheater, NPIR1116. This nanoheater benefits from the incorporation of an electron‐withdrawing group, leading to reduced photooxidation activity and significantly improved photostability. NPIR1116 exhibits strong NIR‐II absorption and fluorescence, peaking at 1004 and 1116 nm, respectively, as well as a photothermal conversion efficiency of 79% under 1064 nm lasers. In vitro and in vivo studies showed the efficacy of NPIR1116 in tumor imaging via NIR‐II fluorescence and its ability to effectively induce tumor cell apoptosis under 1064 nm laser irradiation. These findings underscore the potential of NPIR1116 in NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided PTT for tumor treatment, paving the way for further advancements in NIR‐II dye development and bioimaging technologies.
Modulation of Charge Redistribution in Heterogeneous CoSe‐Ni0.95Se Coupling with Ti3C2Tx MXene for Hydrazine‐Assisted Water Splitting
Authors: Feng Zhongbao , Meng Haoyu , Fu Yumo , Ren Lili , Gao Bo , Liu Wentao
Published: June 2024

Integrating abundant dual sites of hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) into one catalyst is extremely urgent toward energy‐saving H2 production. Herein, CoSe‐Ni0.95Se heterostructure coupling with Ti3C2Tx MXene (CoSe‐Ni0.95Se/MXene) is fabricated on nickel foam (NF) to enhance the catalytic performance. The heterogeneous CoSe‐Ni0.95Se and MXene coupling effect can change the coordination of Ni and Co, resulting in adjusted interfacial electronic field and enhanced electron transfer from Ni0.95Se to CoSe especially near MXene surface. Also, the appearance of MXene can anchor more active sites, thereby abundant nucleophilic CoSe and electrophilic Ni0.95Se are formed induced by the charge redistribution, which can tailor d‐band center, moderate *H adsorption free energy (∆GH*) and facilitate adsorption/desorption for hydrazine intermediates, contributing to much enhanced HER and HzOR performance. For example, the low potentials of −160.8 and 116.1 mV at 400 mA cm−2 are seen for HER and HzOR with long‐term stability of 7 days. When assembled as overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS), a small cell voltage of 0.35 V to drive 100 mA cm−2 is obtained. Such concept of integrating abundant nucleophilic and electrophilic dual sites and regulating their d‐band centers can offer in‐depth understandings to design efficient bifunctional HER and HzOR electrocatalysts.
Pre‐Corrosion of Zinc Metal Anodes for Enhanced Stability and Kinetics
Authors: Cao Jin , Wang Xu , Zhang Dongdong , Luo Ding , Zhang Lulu , Qin Jiaqian , Zhang Xinyu , Yang Xuelin
Published: June 2024

Non‐uniform zinc plating/stripping in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) often leads to dendrites formation and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), limiting their large‐scale application. In this study, a pre‐corroded Zn (PC‐Zn) anode with 3D ridge‐like structure is constructed by a facile solution etching in sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) solution. The surface preparation process can significantly remove impurities from the passivation layer of bare Zn anode, thus exposing a great quantity of active sites for easy plating/stripping. Moreover, the pre‐corroded structure enables a uniform‐distributed electric field to promote the 3D Zn2+ diffusion process and accelerate the transfer kinetics, thereby suppressing the zinc dendrites and interfacial side reactions. Consequently, symmetric cells with PC‐Zn electrodes demonstrate remarkable stability, maintaining cycles for over 3200 h under 1 mA cm−2. The PC‐Zn/VO2 full cell maintains a specific capacity of 361 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and a capacity retention rate of ≈80% over 1000 cycles at 4 A g−1. Notably, no obvious dendrites and side reactions are detected after extended cycling. Leveraging the cost‐effectiveness, environmentally friendly nature, and easy fabrication of the PC‐Zn electrode, this Zn protection strategy holds promise for advancing the industrial application of ZIBs.
A Universal Strategy for Constructing Hydrogel Assemblies Enabled by PAA Hydrogel Adhesive
Authors: Li Qingyun , Quan Xinyi , Hu Rui , Hu Ziqing , Xu Shaoyu , Liu Hui , Zhou Xiaohe , Han Bin , Ji Xiaofan
Published: June 2024

Hydrogel is a significant type of building block for constructing macroscopic assemblies, the construction of which usually entails the incorporation of supramolecular groups. However, supramolecular group recognition is specific and only suitable for assembling two particular modified hydrogels, but not a versatile strategy. Herein, a universal strategy without modification process is proposed using polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel as the adhesive layer to assemble different kinds of hydrogels. Furthermore, hydrogel assemblies with various shapes and multi‐stimuli responsiveness are constructed by assembling different stimuli‐responsive hydrogels with PAA hydrogel. Therefore, hydrogel assemblies are able to complete bending motions upon applying corresponding stimuli. This strategy provides a universal approach for constructing hydrogel assemblies, and also shows the potential for developing soft robots with versatile functions.
Imaging and Therapy of Tumors Based on Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Hao Yongwei , Liu Dalin , Wang Kaiyuan , Liu Qian , Chen Hongli , Ji Shenglu , Ding Dan
Published: June 2024

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formed by neutrophils are netlike scaffolds that mainly contain DNA and a variety of granule proteins. Many stimuli can lead to the NET formation through independent molecular pathways. Clinically, the abundance of NETs is correlated with poor tumor prognosis. The biological actions of NETs are complex and diverse, including promoting tumor progression, awakening the dormant cancer cells, and resulting in immunosuppression in support of tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, NET‐associated pathological processes provide an important clue for both diagnostic imaging and alternative therapies for many kinds of cancers. In recent years, scientists’ efforts have focused on developing novel imaging probes to visualize NETs and therapeutic strategies by degrading NETs or inhibiting its formation to block their pro‐tumoral functions. In this review, the development and evaluation of NETs‐targeted imaging and intervention progress for tumor therapy are focused on.
Exploring AI models and applications within a system framework
Authors: Sun Yu , Li Ling , Yu Zhaoyuan , Yu Haiqing , Wang Hecheng
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pivotal catalyst for industrial advancement and economic growth, fueling innovation across various sectors. It stands as a cornerstone in propelling the integrated evolution of cutting‐edge technologies like big data, cloud computing, blockchain, 5G/6G and industry 4.0. Consequently, AI has captured significant attention within academic and industrial spheres alike. This study conducts a comprehensive review of AI‐related research and models, offering systematic insights into its industrial applications and future trajectories. By providing valuable insights, this review serves as a crucial reference point for both researchers and practitioners navigating the dynamic landscape of AI innovation.
Using concept mapping to identify recruitment and engagement strategies for inclusion of LGBTQIA+ populations in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research
Authors: Klenczar‐Castro Brittany , Kittle Krystal R. , Anderson Joel G. , Wharton Whitney , Gilmore‐Bykovskyi Andrea , Dowling N. Maritza , Perales‐Puchalt Jaime , Flatt Jason D.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Past Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research has not considered ways to ensure the representation of diverse sexual and gender minorities. This study used concept mapping (CM) to identify strategies for engaging and recruiting LGBTQIA+ older adults living with memory loss and their caregivers into ADRD research.

METHODS

CM, involving brainstorming, thematic analysis, and rating of strategies, was conducted with 46 members from one national and three local community advisory boards. Data was analyzed using The Concept Systems Global MAX™ web platform.

RESULTS

One hundred twenty‐two solutions were identified from June through December 2022, and represented five key themes: aging focused, LGBTQIA+ specific, memory loss and caregiving support focused, physical advertisements, and other media. Promising strategies included partnering with LGBTQIA+ health centers, attending social groups for older adults, and increasing community representation in marketing.

DISCUSSION

Tailored strategies, building trust, and community involvement are essential for engaging LGBTQIA+ individuals living with memory loss or ADRD and their caregivers in ADRD‐focused research.

Highlights

Innovative ways to ensure the inclusion of LGBTQIA+ older adults in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research can be bolstered through collaboration with key community stakeholders.

Promising strategies for recruitment and engagement include partnering with LGBTQIA+ centers, attending social groups for older adults, and ensuring diverse representation in marketing.

Tailored recruitment and engagement strategies are crucial for building trust with LGBTQIA+ populations to increase participation in ADRD research.
Tracking Tourist Flows Through Wi-Fi Sensor Technology in Seville
Authors: Franco Irene N. , Foronda-Robles Concepción , Rollán Federico , Canales Pino
Published: June 2024

The study of tourism flows consists of understanding the spatial-temporal relationship of tourists with the space they visit, which has become a key aspect for the management of destinations. The advance of communication and information technologies nowadays allows the extraction and storage of a large amount of data of different types and at different scales, which can be very useful for decision-making. In this context, this study aims to use WiFi sensor technology to track and record the movement patterns of tourists. The methodology used focuses on the measurement and analysis of this variable through the extraction of real-time data from WiFi points in the Barrio de Santa Cruz, Seville. The results obtained demonstrate the viability of this instrument for analysing tourist flows at the destination as opposed to the use of other instruments that involve higher costs and/or limitations. Likewise, in terms of its applicability, the results show the need for its use, in combination with other tools and techniques, for the planning and management of tourist destinations.