bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential information about nanotechnology in cardiology
Authors: Elendu Chukwuka , Amaechi Dependable C. , Elendu Tochi C. , Amaechi Emmanuel C. , Elendu Ijeoma D. , Omeludike Janet C. , Omeludike Eunice K. , Onubogu Nwamaka C. , Ogelle Emmanuel C. , Meduoye Oluwatobi O.M. , Oloyede Praise O. , Ezeh Chiamaka P. , Esangbedo Ikpembhosa J. , Adigwe Augustina C. , Akuma Nnachi M. , Okafor Silas U.
Published: December 2024

Cardiology, as a medical specialty, addresses cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of global mortality. Nanomaterials offer transformative potential across key areas such as drug delivery, stem cell therapy, imaging, and gene delivery. Nanomaterials improve solubility, bioavailability, and targeted delivery in drug delivery, reducing systemic side effects. Examples include gas microbubbles, liposomal preparations, and paramagnetic nanoparticles, which show promise in treating atherosclerosis. Stem cell therapy benefits from nanotechnology through enhanced cell culture conditions and three-dimensional scaffolds that support cardiomyocyte growth and survival. Gold nanoparticles and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-derived microparticles further improve stem cell viability. In imaging, nanomaterials enable advanced visualization techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging with direct labeling and optical tracking via dye-conjugated nanoparticles. In gene delivery, polymeric nanocarriers like polyethyleneimine, dendrimers, and graphene-based materials offer efficient, non-viral alternatives, with magnetic nanoparticles showing promise in targeted applications. Ongoing research highlights the potential of nanomaterials to revolutionize CVD management by improving therapeutic outcomes and enabling precision medicine. These advancements position nanotechnology as a cornerstone of modern cardiology.
Diagnostic challenges of tailgut cysts: a case report on an occult perianal mass
Authors: Khalid Faraz , Naveed Haris , Ali Masab , Ansari Muhammad Saad , Shafiq Muhammad Sajjad , Ahmad Muhammad Husnain
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Tailgut cysts, or retro-rectal cystic hamartomas, are rare congenital lesions arising from embryonic hindgut remnants, typically located in the retro-rectal area. These cysts present some diagnostic challenges due to vague symptoms and potential for malignancy.

Case presentation:

A 25-year-old female presented with a 5-year history of perianal swelling. MRI revealed a T2 hyperintense, multiseptated cystic lesion suggestive of a tailgut cyst. The cyst was surgically excised via a trans-sacral approach, and the specimen was sent for histopathological analysis.

Clinical discussion:

The MRI findings were confirmed by histopathology, identifying a benign tailgut cyst. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was symptom-free at the 2-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

Tailgut cysts can mimic other perianal masses, complicating diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis and successful treatment rely on clinical vigilance, advanced imaging, and histopathological confirmation. Early surgical resection is crucial to prevent complications, including malignancy.
Prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases diagnosed by pulmonary function testing: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alnoor Sarah Abualgasim Musa , Elhag Omer Elgaili Yousif , Ali Najlaa Mohammed Abass , Yousif Yousif Omer Elgaili , Mohamed Asmaa Abdelmaged Eltaieb , Saad Awab Hashim Sulieman , Mohamed Amro Abdalmageed Altayeb
Published: December 2024

Background:

Respiratory diseases are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues involved in gas exchange. Pulmonary function tests allow for the classification of the severity of respiratory diseases, their follow-up, and treatment response assessment. The aim was to determine the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease and the risk factors in Khartoum, Sudan.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in the Respiratory Department from May to October 2021, including the patients who underwent pulmonary function tests. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25.0.

Results:

Out of the 396 study participants, 214 (54%) were above 40 years of age with similar gender distribution and a male-to-female ratio of 1.1: 1, and almost all were Sudanese. Clinically, 40.4% had normal body mass index (BMI), 24.2% underweight, and 13.6% were obese. Smokers represented 19.4% of the study participants. Moreover, 18.2% reported a positive history of bronchial asthma. Regarding pulmonary function test patterns, 50.8% exhibited normal results, 25.3% displayed restrictive patterns, 19.7% showed obstructive patterns, and 4.3% had mixed patterns. Chi-square cross-tabulation testing revealed a significant association between older ages of participants and the abnormal pulmonary function test results (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The study revealed that the proportion of respiratory diseases with abnormal lung function test results is considerable and should not be ignored, especially among older patients. Therefore, when indicated, attention should be paid to performing lung function tests widely to accurately identify the prevalence rates of lung diseases and associated risk factors in Sudan.
Relationship Between Posttraumatic Growth and Illness Uncertainty in Young Women With Breast Cancer: The Mediating Role of Self-compassion
Authors: Uğuz Özkan , Dogan Satı
Published: December 2024

Background

The recovery process for young women with breast cancer is influenced by several factors, including the uncertainty of disease, posttraumatic growth, and self-compassion.

Objective

To examine the association between illness uncertainty and posttraumatic growth in young women with breast cancer and to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in this association.

Methods

This cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study was conducted in Western Turkey between September 2023 and December 2023. Data were collected from 153 young women with breast cancer using the demographic and clinical questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale—Community, and the Self-compassion Scale.

Results

Posttraumatic growth was negatively correlated with illness uncertainty (r = −0.304, P < .001) and positively correlated with self-compassion (r = 0.581, P < .001). Illness uncertainty negatively predicted posttraumatic growth (P < .001), whereas self-compassion positively predicted posttraumatic growth (P < .001). When self-compassion was included in the model, the effect of illness uncertainty on posttraumatic growth became insignificant (P > .05).

Conclusion

Results of the study indicate that self-compassion has a fully mediating effect on the relationship between illness uncertainty and posttraumatic growth in young women with breast cancer.

Implications for Practice

Psychosocial care of young women with breast cancer by oncology nurses can significantly improve self-compassion, reduce illness uncertainty, and promote posttraumatic growth.
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for functional gastrointestinal disorders: From understanding to application
Authors: Weng Mingyao , Wang Jiayue , Liu Yiran , Ou Shuangling , Xiang Jinyi , Huang Guanting , Xiong Jingnan , Wu Qiuyan , Zhou Yuhan , Zhou Hao , Wang Dan
Published: December 2024

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are debilitating diseases of the digestive system that severely impair an individual’s quality of life and impose a significant economic burden. However, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of FGIDs and effective treatment options remain unclear. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), a novel neuromodulation therapy, has shown promising therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of FGIDs. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the development of taVNS and its relationship with vagus nerve stimulation and explored the clinical application of taVNS in managing FGIDs, including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional constipation. Additionally, this study investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms of taVNS in FGIDs and reviewed its application as a holistic treatment approach, aiming to provide new insights into its therapeutic potential.
Pharmacological activities and mechanisms of proteins and peptides derived from traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Ni Yadi , Zhu Yuya , Xu Lingxin , Duan Jin’ao , Xiao Ping
Published: December 2024

Proteins and peptides are important active components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) widely found in plants, animals, and fungi. Modern research indicates that the protein constituents of TCM possess various pharmacological activities, including antitumor effect, immunomodulation, antioxidation, antihypertension, anti-inflammation, cardiovascular and nervous system protection, blood sugar regulation, and bacteriostasis effects. Despite significant progress in recent years regarding the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of TCM components, research on protein components of TCM has lagged. Many TCM protein components have yet to be effectively developed, and their pharmacological activities and mechanisms remain insufficiently elucidated. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of TCM proteins and peptides. Additionally, the current shortcomings in research are discussed to offer some insights, aiming to promote further investigation of TCM proteins and peptides and facilitate their application in new drug development and clinical treatment.
Fungal positivity seen in tertiary care hospital during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Rawat Deepti , William Ashish , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Kandir Neelam S.S , Sharma Akanksha
Published: December 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been prevailing for more than a year associated with increased number of opportunistic invasive fungal infections in patients who have been critically ill or immunocompromised. In this retrospective study, details of various clinical specimens received from suspected patients of fungal infections were studied. The fungal cultures were seen to be positive in 64% (51/79) COVID-19 positive patients and 43% (163/381) COVID-19 negative patients during the year 2021 in the second wave of COVID-19. Among COVID-19 infected patients, the fungal isolations mostly observed were Candida spp. (63%) followed by Aspergillus spp. (15% ) and Mucor spp. (6%). The maximum samples (17% - COVID-19 positive and 83% - COVID-19 negative patients) which had shown positive results in COVID-19 infected patients were urine followed by serum (for aspergillus galactomannan). The candida isolation was seen in 27% (21/79) urine and 15%(12/79) respiratory samples (BAL, tracheal aspirate, sputum) in COVID-19 positive patients. Rhizopus arrhizus and Rhizopus homothallicus isolations were seen in nasal samples and tissue samples of 6% COVID-19 positive patients. There was an overall increase in fungal co-isolations  during the COVID-19 pandemic (64% in COVID-19 positive and 43% in COVID-19 negative patients) which is a matter of great concern. The correlation of clinical symptomatology and laboratory isolation is important for the diagnosis and effective management of these patients.
Small angle X-ray scattering ghost imaging
Authors: Wang Feixiang , Hua Wenqiang , Zhao Changzhe , Zhang Haipeng , Yang Shumin , Li Xiuhong , Deng Biao , Xie Honglan , Xiao Tiqiao
Published: December 2024

Traditional small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques utilize a focused microbeam for spatial scanning to achieve spatially resolved imaging of the nanostructures of nonuniform materials. However, this method is notably inefficient regarding information acquisition, and its spatial resolution is constrained by the beam's focusing capabilities. We propose a proof-of-concept experiment using structured illumination to demonstrate a SAXS method capable of achieving high spatial resolution. This method leverages the experimental setup of real-space ghost imaging in intensity correlation measurements. It maps reciprocal space signals—specifically, small angle scattering signals—to real space, enabling small angle scattering imaging with enhanced spatial resolution without needing beam-focusing elements. Due to its inherent compatibility with compressed sensing, this method can significantly reduce the number of measurements. Successfully validated using synchrotron radiation X-rays, this approach theoretically applies to scattering imaging of photons and high-energy particles across various wavelength bands. It holds broad application prospects in the fields of nanomaterials and biomedicine.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Large topological Hall effect in a chiral antiferromagnet in hopping transport regime
Authors: Yi Changjiang , Peshcherenko Nikolai , Zhou Yishui , Samanta Kartik , Yang Qun , Roychowdhury Subhajit , Yanda Premakumar , Borrmann Horst , Vergniory Maia G. , Zhang Yang , Su Yixi , Shekhar Chandra , Felser Claudia
Published: December 2024

The combination of structural chirality and magnetism leads to the formation of spin chirality through noncoplanar magnetic structures, resulting in unusual electronic transport properties. The spin chirality generates nonzero Berry curvature in real space, acting as an emergent magnetic field and contributing to the unconventional anomalous Hall effect, known as the geometrical or topological Hall effect (THE). This study unveils the remarkable occurrence of THE in a chiral antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor EuIr2P2 in the hopping regime. It exhibits a complex incommensurately spiral AFM ground state due to its chiral crystalline structure, providing fertile ground for the emergence of topologically nontrivial spin textures such as skyrmions. A substantial THE is observed under finite magnetic fields, making EuIr2P2 an exceptional case within the ultralow-conductivity hopping regime for investigating the interplay between topologically nontrivial magnetic structures and hopping carriers. Owing to its semiconducting nature, we have formulated a theoretical model based on Mott's variable range-hopping mechanism, effectively elucidating the temperature and magnetic field-dependent behavior of THE. EuIr2P2 thus serves as an ideal candidate for comprehending transport properties in the hopping regime and offers a unique opportunity for the implementation of AFM semiconductor-based spintronic devices.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A rare case of Na/Zn isomorphism in the crystal structure of non-centrosymmetric zincophosphate Na5Zn[Zn(PO4)3]
Authors: Yakubovich Olga V. , Kiriukhina Galina V. , Volkov Anatoly S. , Dimitrova Olga V.
Published: December 2024

A microporous zincophosphate with the idealized formula Na5Zn[Zn(PO4)3] was obtained through high-temperature hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, microprobe analysis and X-ray diffraction. The orthorhombic compound, which crystallizes in non-centrosymmetric space group Pna21 with unit-cell parameters a = 12.9901 (2), b = 16.2647 (3), c = 5.2158 (1) Å and Z = 4, is characterized by a new structure type. Each ZnO4 tetrahedron shares all O atoms with four phosphate tetrahedra to form groups of five polyhedra, that are further linked via oxygen-bridging contacts of Zn- and P-centered tetrahedra in chains aligned in the c-axis direction. These one-periodic structural fragments [Zn(PO4)3]7− define the prismatic habitus of the crystals. The negatively charged zincophosphate chains are balanced by Na+ cations, disposed in an open space between the chains, and somewhat `diluted' with Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions as impurities. A rare case of the Na/Zn occupation of one structural site was found in the structure. Theoretical calculations of possible pathways of alkali metal ion migration through the structure and activation energies revealed that the Li-substituted counterpart Li5Zn[Zn(PO4)3] can be considered as a potential solid electrolyte.
Establishment of an end-user engaged building design framework
Authors: Nazeer Fathima Sabrina , Kamardeen Imriyas , Hasan Abid
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Significant gaps between end-user expectations and the actual performance of buildings have been reported. Engaging end-users in the design phase is proposed to address this issue; however, practical implementation faces numerous challenges due to limited details of methods, tools and techniques for effective user engagement. This study aims to critically analyse the challenges in end-user engagement in the design process, thereby proposing a new, enhanced framework for end-user engaged building design.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review was conducted, involving a comprehensive search across Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Google Scholar, yielding 481 articles. After eliminating duplicates and irrelevant studies, this pool was narrowed down to 31. Meta-synthesis of the existing body of knowledge and its extrapolation were performed.

Findings

Three design approaches – participatory, user-centred and co-design exist to facilitate user engagement during the design process, aiming to mitigate performance gaps. However, they encounter significant challenges, including a lack of standardised processes for identifying the right users, acquiring and reconciling end-user requirements and evaluating designs. A new framework for enhanced end-user engagement in the design phase is proposed to address these challenges.

Originality/value

The proposed framework would enhance user engagement in building design, consequently mitigating performance gaps and bolstering occupant productivity and satisfaction. Additionally, the study identifies the challenges associated with the user-engagement process and consolidating user feedback, which is often vague and ambiguous by nature. Addressing these challenges is identified as future research needs to yield better outcomes from end-user engagement.
Sensory expectations of beverages generated by colours: a cross-cultural comparison among young consumers
Authors: Campo Raffaele , Porcheddu Daniele , Rosato Pierfelice , Mai Lan Thanh
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This research is aimed at exploring how colours impact the taste expectations of beverages, considering three different countries: Italy, Poland and Morocco. Specifically, the purpose is to analyse how the sensory interaction can affect young consumers and if the cultural aspect affects them in order to draw consumer behaviour implications.

Design/methodology/approach

This is cross-cultural research, structured into two studies. Researchers have administered two questionnaires for each study. Both the questionnaires included 12 questions (three colours – that were red, yellow and orange – × four flavours – that were sweetness, sourness, bitterness and saltiness): participants were asked to express an evaluation on a scale of 1–10 regarding the association between a certain colour of a hypothetical drink and a certain taste. About 150 subjects were involved: 50 Italians, 50 Poles and 50 Moroccans.

Findings

Results highlighted differences between these three national groups. In particular, yellow generated more bitter/salty expectation by Italians (vs Poles) while Poles perceived the red beverage as sweeter and the orange one sourer than Italians. Moreover, yellow and orange beverages inspired sour expectations in Moroccans, compared to Italians.

Originality/value

The comparison between Italy, Poland and Morocco is the most original aspect of this study. Cross-cultural studies are spread in cross-modal research, but this combination is new in literature. In addition, the focus on young consumers and on online environments are further elements of originality.
Understanding the effect of anthropomorphic features of humanoid social robots on user satisfaction: a stimulus-organism-response approach
Authors: Premathilake Gehan Wishwajith , Li Hongxiu , Li Chenglong , Liu Yong , Han Shengnan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Humanoid social robots (HSRs) are an innovative technology revitalizing various service sectors, such as the hospitality industry. However, limited research has explored how anthropomorphic features of HSRs influence user satisfaction with the services delivered by HSRs. To address this, a research model was proposed to evaluate how three distinct anthropomorphic features: appearance, voice and response, impact the perceived values (i.e. utilitarian, social and hedonic values) of HSRs, which, in turn, influence user satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from an online survey of hotel customers was utilized to test the research model (N = 509).

Findings

The results indicated that appearance, voice, and response affect perceived utilitarian, hedonic and social values differently. The response feature of HSRs demonstrated the strongest impact on perceived utilitarian, social and hedonic values. In addition, voice affected all three perceived values, while appearance only affected perceived utilitarian and social values. Furthermore, perceived utilitarian, hedonic and social values showed positive impacts on user satisfaction, with hedonic value being the most influential factor.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on HSRs and anthropomorphism by explaining how different anthropomorphic features affect users’ value perceptions and user satisfaction with HSR services by utilizing the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework.
Trends in pharmaceutical marketing and branding research: a bibliometric analysis (2009–2023)
Authors: Anthuvan Thamburaj , Maheshwari Kajal , Dantu Raghunath
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of pharmaceutical marketing and branding research, focusing on the transformative period of the last 15 years (2009–2023), particularly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this analysis is to highlight key shifts and trends in the field over this period.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examined 329 research papers sourced from JSTOR and PubMed. It explores the evolution of the field, emphasizing significant shifts and trends.

Findings

The analysis identified 2009 and 2014 as pivotal years for research activity, with The British Medical Journal and BioMed Central emerging as key publication platforms. Contributions from the USA, led by authors like Joel Lexchin, were particularly notable. The study also highlighted a shift toward AI-driven marketing, digital transformation and personalized medicine, especially in the post-COVID-19 period (2020 onwards). Co-authorship networks and keyword analysis emphasized the growing focus on regulatory compliance, patient engagement and the integration of digital tools in pharmaceutical marketing.

Originality/value

This study charts the historical and current state of pharmaceutical marketing and branding and sets the foundation for future research, emphasizing the increasing role of digitalization and AI.
Transformations in the Chinese capital market: technological innovations, sustainability and regulatory reforms (1999–2023)
Authors: Han Jianlei , Jones Stewart , Liang Zini , Pan Zheyao , Shi Jing
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper examines the evolving landscape of accounting and finance research on the Chinese capital market, building on a previous study published at Abacus in 2018.

Design/methodology/approach

By incorporating data from 1999 to 2023, our analysis offers a detailed examination of shifts in academic focus, methodological advancements and thematic expansions over the last quarter-century.

Findings

The study reveals a substantial increase in accounting and finance publications related to the Chinese capital market in both Tier 1 and Asia-Pacific journals. The dynamic growth of the Chinese capital market during this period reflects profound economic transformations, characterized by technological innovations, sustainability commitments and regulatory reforms.

Originality/value

We conclude that the globally important Chinese capital market has attracted increasing academic attention, significantly advancing the understanding of accounting and finance research in China’s capital market.
An analysis of domestic homicide review recommendations for adult safeguarding in England
Authors: Chantler Khatidja , Baker Victoria , Gunby Clare , Heyes Kim
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse recommendations made in domestic homicide reviews (DHRs) in England relating to adult safeguarding – largely focussing on those aged 66+ − to identify key areas for learning and how equality, diversity and inclusion issues (EDI) are considered in DHRs.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed methods approach was used to analyse 24 DHRs spanning 2015–2018. A qualitative template was created to extract information, followed by a critical thematic analysis. A quantitative matrix was then developed, enabling a descriptive quantitative analysis, identifying the most prevalent types of recommendations. An additional descriptive quantitative analysis of the 24 DHRs was undertaken for context.

Findings

Intimate partner homicide comprised half the homicides (12); adult family homicide comprised 11; and one homicide was an amicicide. DHRs recommended improvements in: information management/multi-agency working (83%); targeted domestic abuse training (67%); developing/abiding by policies (67%); enhancing professional practice (54%); improved domestic abuse risk and carers assessments (50%). EDI was seldom considered.

Originality/value

New analysis is provided on the different types and contexts of domestic homicides involving older adults, the need for strengthened guidance regarding DA and adult safeguarding, tailored DA training and challenging “blind spots” relating to ageist assumptions, the invisibility of familial abuse, a lack of service oversight where care is self-funded and limited consideration of EDI.
What factors mediate the relationship between principal leadership and teacher professional learning? Evidence from meta-analytic structural equation modelling (MASEM)
Authors: Karakose Turgut , Tulubaş Tijen , Kanadli Sedat , Gurr David
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of principal leadership (PL) on teacher professional learning (TPL) with the possible mediation of teacher trust (TT) and teacher agency (TA) using a broader set of data collected from published research.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses meta-analytic structural equation modelling to compare weighted effect sizes between variables produced by research across different periods and contexts. The bilateral relations of PL with study variables were first examined, and then the model-data fit was tested for both the proposed and the two alternative models.

Findings

The results showed that PL had a significant and “very large” effect on TPL, TT and agency; PL affected TPL mostly indirectly over TT and agency. TT and agency collectively predicted nearly half of the variance in TPL.

Originality/value

The study uses a novel and advanced methodology to investigate the relationships among the study variables using data from 59 studies with a sample size of 67,035 participants from around the world. The results contribute to the literature, offering a more global understanding of the interaction of PL, TPL, trust and agency.
Design simulation and process realization of a flexible MEMS vector hydrophone
Authors: Wu Jiaxing , Renxin Wang , Zhang Xiangkai , Li Haoxuan , Liu Guochang , Dong Xuejing , Zhang Wendong , Zhang Guojun
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to design a small-size conformable flexible micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) vector hydrophone to meet the miniaturization requirements of unmanned underwater vehicle.

Design/methodology/approach

The cilia receive the acoustic signal to oscillate to cause changes in the stress on the beam, which in turn causes changes in the piezoresistive resistance on the beam, and changes in the resistance cause changes in the output voltage.

Findings

The results show that the flexible hydrophone in the paper has a sensitivity of −182 dB@1 kHz (re 1V/µPa) at 1 Pa sound pressure, can detect low-frequency hydroacoustic signals from 20 to 550 Hz and has good spatial directivity, and the flexible substrate permits the hydrophone to realize bending deformation, which can be well attached to the surface of the object.

Originality/value

In this study, a finite element simulation model of the hydrophone microstructure is constructed and its performance is verified by simulation. The success rate of the proposed MEMS transfer process is as high as 94%, and the prepared piezoresistors exhibit excellent resistance characteristics and high consistency. These results provide innovative ideas to enhance the performance and stability and achieve miniaturization of hydrophones.
Moderated-mediation of competitive aggressiveness and green supply chain learning in the relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and cleaner production practices
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Salam Maimoona
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The relationship between corporate-level green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) and the implementation of cleaner production practices (CPPs) is to a great extent unexplored in previous literature. This study aims to connect them with the corporate-level green supply chain learning and organizational competitive aggressiveness, presenting a novel interpretation of social ethics and morality in CPPs.

Design/methodology/approach

To thoroughly explore this novel relationship, this study has used PLS-SEM for examining the moderated-mediation of competitive aggressiveness and green supply chain learning.

Findings

Findings based on the data collected from 176 German firms have largely confirmed our propositions. Suggesting that there is a strong positive relationship between corporate level GEO and CPPs. Furthermore, our findings have confirmed that green supply chain learning mediates the macro-level relationship between GEO and CPPs. Moreover, it is also confirmed that the mediation of green supply chain learning in the macro-level relationship between GEO and CPPs is negatively moderated by competitive aggressiveness.

Originality/value

This study offers a first-hand view of negatively moderated-mediation of competitive aggressiveness. Therefore, its findings are extremely relevant for policymakers in the domain of morality, social ethics, corporate-level GEO, sustainability, corporate-level green supply chain learning and CPPs.
Large‐scale forest disturbance and associated management shape bird communities in Central European spruce forests
Authors: Graser Anne , Georg Malte , Kallmayer Josef , Marten Andreas , Pertl Caren , Rumpf Hendrik , Senf Cornelius , Kamp Johannes
Published: December 2024

In Central Europe, natural forest disturbance is increasing due to climate change and the legacies of past forest management. The resulting early successional forest stages shape habitat conditions and availability for forest‐dwelling species. How disturbance, pre‐disturbance forest management such as beech underplanting in conifer stands and post‐disturbance management, such as salvage logging, shape biodiversity is poorly understood.

In a large field study, we quantified how the large‐scale loss of mature spruce plantations after natural disturbance affects bird diversity and abundance in Central Europe and how this is moderated by pre‐ and post‐ disturbance management. In a Bayesian community distance sampling approach, we conducted field surveys on 182 plots in a stratified design, comparing bark beetle and windthrow disturbances as well as two management treatments, (i) underplanting with beech before the disturbance occurred versus no underplanting and (ii) salvage logging versus no post‐disturbance logging. We used undisturbed mature spruce plantations as a control.

Bird diversity was higher in disturbed forests than in undisturbed spruce plantations and was affected little by management. Bayesian community distance sampling models revealed that responses were highly species‐specific: shrub‐associated birds profited from disturbance in general and reached highest densities where beech had been planted under the spruce canopy before the disturbance occurred, whereas open‐habitat and farmland birds reached higher densities on salvage‐logged sites. Only few typical species of coniferous forests persisted at disturbed sites.

Synthesis and applications. With increasing forest disturbance, pre‐ and post‐disturbance management can promote target bird species. Shrub‐associated species can be promoted by underplanting, open habitat‐adapted species by salvage logging and species depending on vertical structures by no intervention. For maximising biodiversity benefits at a landscape scale, underrepresented management practices (no intervention) should be promoted to ensure a balanced forest management and to maintain diverse post‐disturbance bird communities.
Technological innovations in margarine production: Current trends and future perspectives on trans‐fat removal and saturated fat replacement
Authors: Bihola Ankit , Chaudhary M. B. , Bumbadiya M. R. , Suvera Priyanka , Adil Shaikh
Published: December 2024

The margarine market is growing globally due to its lower cost, ease of availability, large‐scale commercialization, and expanding market in the bakery and confectionary industries. Butter contains greater amounts of saturated fat and has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. The trans fats generated through the hydrogenation process have several adverse impacts on human health, such as the risk of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, postmenopausal breast cancer, vision and neurological system impairment, type II diabetes, and obesity. Therefore, it is important to formulate margarine, low in saturated and trans fats using innovative technologies such as novel hydrogenation, interesterification techniques, and oleogel technology. By utilizing these technologies and oils with a healthy lipid profile, margarine manufacturers are able to produce healthier margarine. This review covers recent technological advancements in margarine, which include various hydrogenation techniques such as high‐voltage atmospheric cold plasma hydrogenation, microwave plasma hydrogenation, dielectric‐barrier discharge plasma hydrogenation, and interesterification based on supercritical CO2 systems. In addition, the application of interesterified oil and oleogel (structured vegetable oils) in the production of margarine low in saturated fat is comprehensively discussed, with emphasis on the utilization of unconventional sources of oils such as tiger nut oil, Moringa oleifera seed oil, Irvingia gabonensis seed fat, winged bean oil, and hemp seed oil. The novel hydrogenation techniques can hydrogenate oils without formation of trans fats, and such hydrogenated oils could be employed in the formulation of trans‐fat‐free margarine. Interesterified oil treated with supercritical CO2 was employed in healthy margarine development. Using the oleogel technique, various unconventional oil sources can be used in margarine formulations. The incorporation of oleogel in margarine makes it possible to improve the lipid profile of margarine due to a reduction in saturated fat content. All of these novel techniques have the potential to revolutionize the margarine industry by enabling the production of high‐quality, healthy margarine.
Simple assay quantifying sediment resuspension effects on marine carbon storage
Authors: Bartl Ines , Evans Tegan , Hillman Jenny , Thrush Simon
Published: December 2024

The seafloor plays a vital role in Earth's climate by storing carbon. However, human activities that disturb the seafloor undermine this function and receive little regulatory attention. This oversight is often due to a lack of empirical data linked to low sampling resolution of the heterogeneous seafloor, highlighting the need for a simple, fast, reproducible quantification approach.

We address this gap by presenting a simple sediment resuspension assay that allows highly replicated sampling of heterogeneous sediments, quantifying the immediate impact on organic carbon mineralization. It is based on biochemical oxygen demand and compares sediment oxygen demand between undisturbed sediment cores and those subjected to resuspension, estimating resuspension‐induced CO₂ production.

Oxygen demand in the resuspension treatment was 2.4–13.4 times higher than in the undisturbed cores, resulting in resuspension‐induced CO₂ production of 210–2064 μmol CO₂ m−2 h−1. This immediate resuspension effect on organic carbon mineralization suggests a substantial impact on organic C stocks that could otherwise contribute to carbon sequestration.

Our assay is notable for its simplicity and accessibility. It offers a critical step towards a more accurate large‐scale assessment of sediment resuspension impacts across the heterogeneous seafloor, evaluating its vulnerability to disturbance and the role of demersal fishing in exacerbating climate change.
A subset of human dermal fibroblasts overexpressing Cockayne syndrome group B protein resist UVB radiation‐mediated premature senescence
Authors: Fotopoulou Asimina , Angelopoulou Maria T. , Pratsinis Harris , Mavrogonatou Eleni , Kletsas Dimitris
Published: December 2024

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a major contributor to skin photoaging. Although mainly absorbed by the epidermis, UVB photons managing to penetrate the upper dermis affect human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), leading, among others, to the accumulation of senescent cells. In vitro studies have shown that repeated exposures to subcytotoxic UVB radiation doses provoke HDFs' premature senescence shortly after the end of the treatment period. Here, we found that repetitive exposures to non‐cytotoxic UVB radiation doses after several days lead to mixed cultures, containing both senescent cells and fibroblasts resisting senescence. “Resistant” fibroblasts were more resilient to a novel intense UVB radiation stimulus. RNA‐seq analysis revealed that ERCC6, encoding Cockayne syndrome group B (CSB) protein, is up‐regulated in resistant HDFs compared to young and senescent cells. CSB was found to be a key molecule conferring protection toward UVB‐induced cytotoxicity and senescence, as siRNA‐mediated CSB loss‐of‐expression rendered HDFs significantly more susceptible to a high UVB radiation dose, while cells from a CSB‐deficient patient were found to be more sensitive to UVB‐mediated toxicity, as well as senescence. UVB‐resistant HDFs remained normal (able to undergo replicative senescence) and non‐tumorigenic. Even though they formed a distinct population in‐between young and senescent cells, resistant HDFs retained numerous tissue‐impairing characteristics of the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype, including increased matrix metalloprotease activity and promotion of epidermoid tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Collectively, here we describe a novel subpopulation of HDFs showing increased resistance to UVB‐mediated premature senescence while retaining undesirable traits that may negatively affect skin homeostasis.
Intermittent Short Atrioventricular Delay in a Dual Chamber Pacemaker During Acute Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Vazirani Ravi , García Cocera Miriam , Calvo David
Published: December 2024

We present the case of an 80‐year‐old female with acute pulmonary edema and a dual chamber pacemaker with intermittent short AV delays in the surface ECG after blocked premature atrial contractions (PACs). The behavior was consistent with the programmed Window of Atrial Rate Acceleration Detection (WARAD) and did not require further parameter modifications. As most cardiologists and emergency department physicians are not familiar with brand‐specific algorithms, we believe that this case report will make these noncompetitive atrial pacing algorithms more accessible to non‐cardiologists.
The hidden impact of GLP‐1 receptor agonists on endometrial receptivity and implantation
Authors: Sola‐Leyva Alberto , Pathare Amruta D. S. , Apostolov Apostol , Aleksejeva Elina , Kask Keiu , Tammiste Triin , Ruiz‐Durán Susana , Risal Sanjiv , Acharya Ganesh , Salumets Andres
Published: December 2024

Increasing infertility rates represent a growing medical challenge in modern societies resulting from a complex interplay of sociocultural trends, lifestyle factors, exposure to environmental toxins, and underlying health problems. Women's fertility is particularly vulnerable to these shifts. The obesogenic lifestyle not only accelerates weight gain, but also disrupts ovulation driving the rise in infertility. Among several medications used for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) show promising improvement in female fertility most likely by stimulating ovulation. However, the effects of GLP‐1RAs on the endometrium remain unclear. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of GLP‐1RAs on endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation and early development. The aim of this study is to address the knowledge gap regarding the effects of GLP‐1RAs on human reproduction, with special focus on the endometrium. Understanding these mechanisms may help to develop new strategies for improving fertility treatment, reduce implantation failure and address potential safety concerns regarding teratogenicity and adverse developmental outcomes for children born to women conceiving during or soon after GLP‐1RA treatment.
Treating asymptomatic follicular lymphoma: What is the score?
Authors: Zammar Ghassan , Cheah Chan Y.
Published: December 2024

Health‐related quality of life measures are underemphasised in clinical trials and particularly valuable in follicular lymphoma as some interventions can result in substantial toxicity with uncertain impact on overall survival. The report by Marzolini and colleagues provides a nuanced discussion on the merits of rituximab monotherapy versus observation in asymptomatic follicular lymphoma patients.

Commentary on: Marzolini et al. Quality of life in advanced‐stage, asymptomatic, non‐bulky follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab shows significant improvement compared with watchful‐waiting. Br J Haematol 2024 (Online ahead of print). doi: 10.1111/bjh.19918.
STING Activation in Macrophages and Microglia Drives Poststroke Inflammation: Implications for Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Liu Zhiruo , Qin Qin , Wang Shisi , Kang Xinmei , Liu Yuxin , Wei Lei , Lu Zhengqi , Cai Wei , Hu Mengyan
Published: December 2024

Background

Monocyte‐derived macrophages and microglia initially adopt an anti‐inflammatory phenotype following stroke but later transition to a pro‐inflammatory state. The mechanisms underlying this phenotypic shift remain unclear. This study investigates the activation dynamics of molecular signaling pathways in macrophages and microglia after stroke.

Methods

We utilized publicly available single‐cell RNA sequencing datasets to examine the activation dynamics of molecular signaling pathways alongside the pro‐inflammatory phenotype of macrophages and microglia. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), with the STING inhibitor H151 administered to tMCAO mice. Neurobehavioral performance was assessed using rotarod, foot fault, novel object recognition, and water maze tests at 5‐, 7‐, 10‐, and 14‐days post‐stroke. Primary microglia and bone marrow‐derived macrophages were cultured for in vitro experiments.

Results

Single‐cell sequencing data indicated that the activation of STING and subsequent type I interferon signaling drove the phenotypic shift of microglia and macrophages toward a pro‐inflammatory state in the stroke lesion. Immunostaining demonstrated that the emergence of pro‐inflammatory microglia and macrophages aligned with the activation time course of STING and type I interferon signaling. Continuous phagocytosis by macrophages and microglia led to STING activation, which triggered type I interferon signaling and promoted the phenotypic shift. Inhibition of STING signaling prevented this transition, reduced neuroinflammation, and conferred protection against ischemic stroke.

Conclusion

These findings elucidated the critical role of STING‐mediated type I interferon signaling in driving post‐stroke neuroinflammation and underscored the potential of STING inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for alleviating neuroinflammatory responses following stroke.
STING Driving Synaptic Phagocytosis of Hippocampal Microglia/Macrophages Contributes to Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis‐Associated Encephalopathy in Mice
Authors: Lv Xin , Jia Min , Feng Xiao , Jian Jia‐xiong , Yang Jian‐jun , Ma Da‐qing , Ji Mu‐huo , Diao Yu‐gang , Shen Jin‐chun
Published: December 2024

Background

Sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a serious neurologic complication in septic patients with poor prognoses. There is increasing evidence that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. However, whether sepsis associated with STING changes contributes to cognitive impairment is unknown.

Methods

Male adult mice received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection (a single dose of 4 mg/kg; i.p. injection) and 30 min later, they were injected with STING inhibitor C‐176 (a single dose of 30 mg/kg, i.p. injection). Behavioral assessments, biochemical measurements, in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiology techniques were conducted to investigate the association between LPS‐induced STING overexpression and cognitive function.

Results

Cognitive impairment was associated with STING overexpression and activation of microglia/macrophages. Phagocytosis of microglia/macrophages as well as complement C1q release were increased after LPS injection, leading to abnormal pruning synapses, synaptic transmission reduction, long‐term potentiation (LTP) impairment, as well as abnormal theta oscillation in the hippocampus. Notably, STING inhibitor C‐176 significantly reversed these changes.

Conclusions

Sepsis‐induced STING overexpression in microglia/macrophages may lead to synaptic loss, abnormal theta oscillation and LTP impairment through microglia/macrophages activation and complement C1q modulation, ultimately resulting in cognitive impairment.
SHREA: A Systematic Hybrid Resampling Ensemble Approach Using One Class Classifier
Authors: Baro Pranita , Borah Malaya Dutta
Published: December 2024

Imbalanced classification and data incompleteness are two critical issues in machine learning that, despite significant research, are difficult to solve. This paper presents the Systematic Hybrid Resampling Ensemble Approach that deals with the class imbalance and incompleteness of data at a given dataset and improves classification performance. We use an oscillator‐guided Factor Based Multiple Imputation Oversampling technique to balance out the minority and majority data samples, while substituting missing values in the dataset. The improved dataset is an oversampled dataset and it goes through random undersample to create majority and minority class subsets. These subsets are then trained with the classifiers using one of the One Class Classifier‐based methods, that is, One Class Support Vector Machine or Local Outlier Factor. Lastly, bootstrap aggregation ensemble setups are done using majority and minority class classifiers and combining them to come up with a score‐based prediction. To mimic real‐life scenarios where data could be missing, we introduce random missing values on each of these imbalance datasets to create new sets from each dataset with different missing values, that is, (10%, 20%, and 30%). The proposed method is experimented with using datasets taken from the KEEL website, and the results are compared against RBG, SBG, SBT, DTE, and EUS. Experimental analysis shows that the proposed approach gives better results revealing the efficiency and significance compared to the existing methods. The proposed method Local Outlier Factor Systematic Hybrid Resampling Ensemble Approach improves by 3.46%, 5.30%, 10.51% and 9.26% in terms of Recall, AUC, f‐measure and g‐mean and One Class Support Vector Machine Systematic Hybrid Resampling Ensemble Approach by 4.82%, 5.95%, 11.03% and 8.80% respectively.