bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Synthesis Methods on Structural, Morphological and Magnetic Properties of La0.7Ba0.25Nd0.05MnO3
Authors: Munazat Dicky Rezky , Kurniawan Budhy , Razaq Dhawud Sabilur , Rahman Ikhwan Nur , Sudarmaji Arief , Handoko Djati , Nanto Dwi , Putri Witha Berlian Kusuma
Published: August 2020

La0.7Ba0.25Nd0.05MnO3 (LBNMO) compounds were synthesized using two different methods, namely are solid-state reaction (SS) and sol-gel (SG). All samples were heat-treated at 1200 °C for 12 hours. The investigation on structural, morphological, and magnetic properties was carried out by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Vibrating Samples Magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. From the Rietveld refinement, both samples have formed a rhombohedral structure with an R-3c (167) space group. The average crystallite size was calculated using the Scherrer formula and Williamson-Hall (W-H) method for comparison. It was shown that the crystallite size of the sample produced by the SG method has larger than the SS method. This result is fairly consistent with the result obtained from SEM analysis, which shows that the average grain for the SG sample is larger than of the grain of the SS samples. From the magnetic hysteresis curve, the magnetization saturation value for the SG was higher and sharper than that of the SS sample. These confirm the occurrence of the double exchange interaction in the samples, which is mainly associated with the reduction of bandwidth and grain size.
Structural and Morphological La0.85-xBaxNa0.15MnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) Perovskite Manganite
Authors: Rahman Ikhwan Nur , Kurniawan Budhy , Razaq Dhawud Sabilur , Sudarmaji Arief , Munazat Dicky Rezky
Published: August 2020

Bulk polycrystalline samples La0.85-xBaxNa0.15MnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) manganites were synthesized by the sol-gel route. The effect of Barium (Ba) existence on the structural and morphological was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The structural parameters were obtained using Rietveld refinement of the XRD pattern. It was revealed the structures of compounds have rhombohedral with R-3c space group without any impurities phase. Furthermore, several changes are found to exist due to Ba substitution such as the lattice parameter, unit cells volume, average crystallite size, average Mn-O bond length () and average Mn-O-Mn bond angle (). The changes in  and  due to Ba substitution, affects the double exchange interaction of the samples. SEM images reveal the existence of Ba also affects the morphology of the studied samples, which consisted of polygonal grains with homogeneous chemical composition.
Collagen Density Modulates the Immunosuppressive Functions of Macrophages
Authors: Larsen Anne Mette H. , Kuczek Dorota E. , Kalvisa Adrija , Siersbæk Majken S. , Thorseth Marie-Louise , Johansen Astrid Z. , Carretta Marco , Grøntved Lars , Vang Ole , Madsen Daniel H.
Published: August 2020

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) support tumor growth by suppressing the activity of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Consistently, TAMs are considered a major limitation for the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, the molecular reason behind the acquisition of an immunosuppressive TAM phenotype is not fully clarified. During tumor growth, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is degraded and substituted with a tumor-specific collagen-rich ECM. The collagen density of this tumor ECM has been associated with poor patient prognosis but the reason for this is not well understood. In this study, we investigated whether the collagen density could modulate the immunosuppressive activity of TAMs. The murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was three-dimensionally cultured in collagen matrices of low and high collagen densities mimicking healthy and tumor tissue, respectively. Collagen density did not affect proliferation or viability of the macrophages. However, whole-transcriptome analysis revealed a striking response to the surrounding collagen density, including the regulation of immune regulatory genes and genes encoding chemokines. These transcriptional changes were shown to be similar in murine bone marrow–derived macrophages and TAMs isolated from murine tumors. Strikingly, coculture assays with primary T cells showed that macrophages cultured in high-density collagen were less efficient at attracting cytotoxic T cells and capable of inhibiting T cell proliferation more than macrophages cultured in low-density collagen. Our study demonstrates that a high collagen density can instruct macrophages to acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype. This mechanism could reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy and explain the link between high collagen density and poor prognosis.
ArhGAP15, a RacGAP, Acts as a Temporal Signaling Regulator of Mac-1 Affinity in Sterile Inflammation
Authors: Margraf Andreas , Cappenberg Anika , Vadillo Eduardo , Ludwig Nadine , Thomas Katharina , Körner Katharina , Zondler Lisa , Rossaint Jan , Germena Giulia , Hirsch Emilio , Zarbock Alexander
Published: August 2020

During inflammation, leukocyte recruitment has to be tightly controlled to prevent overwhelming leukocyte infiltration, activation, and, consequently, organ damage. A central regulator of leukocyte recruitment is Rac1. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the RacGAP ArhGAP15 on leukocyte recruitment. Using ArhGAP15-deficient mice, reduced neutrophil adhesion and transmigration in the TNF-α–inflamed cremaster muscle and a prolongation of chemokine-dependent leukocyte adhesion could be observed. In a murine model of sterile kidney injury, reduced neutrophil infiltration, and serum creatinine levels were apparent. Further in vitro and in vivo analyses revealed a defective intravascular crawling capacity, resulting from increased affinity of the β2-integrin Mac-1 after prolonged chemokine stimulation of neutrophils. LFA-1 activity regulation was not affected. Summarizing, ArhGAP15 specifically regulates Mac-1, but not LFA-1, and affects leukocyte recruitment by controlling postadhesion strengthening and intravascular crawling in a Mac-1–dependent manner. In conclusion, ArhGAP15 is involved in the time-dependent regulation of leukocyte postadhesion in sterile inflammation.
Thoracic Duct Embolization Using Direct Hybrid Angiography/Computed Tomography‑Guided Cisterna Chyli Access for the Treatment of Chylous Leak Secondary to Partial Glossectomy and Neck Dissection
Authors: Nijhawan Karan , Kumari Divya , Funaki Brian , Ahmed Osman
Published: August 2020

Thoracic duct embolization (TDE) is a minimally invasive alternative to surgery for the treatment of postoperative chylous leaks that fail conventional medical management. TDE can be a technically challenging procedure that requires real-time image guidance to visualize the thoracic duct. This case report describes using hybrid angiography/computed tomography technology to perform TDE through direct access of the cisterna chyli, potentially eliminating the need for intranodal lymphangiography, and reducing procedure length.
Epidemic preparedness for COVID-19: A major challenge!
Authors: Gogia Priya , Melwani Veena , Melwani Satish , Gogia Rahul
Published: August 2020

Epidemic outbreaks and biological disasters pose serious challenges to the country due to enormous population and weak public health system; to combat the same, we need epidemic preparedness. The steps of epidemic preparedness embrace and incorporate to anticipate, prevent, prepare, detect, and respond. The four stages of the present epidemic COVID-19 have been described. The requirement of proper coordination among the epidemiologist, clinician, laboratory personnel, and health educator is sum and substance of it. Levels for epidemic preparedness inculcate preparation at four levels including central, state, local, and health facility. The impact of epidemic has adverse health, social, as well as economic implications.
Simulating patient matching to clinical trials using a property rights blockchain
Authors: Bergeron Jay , Nguyen Anh , Alt Casey , Brewster Nicole , Quoc Cuong Le Quy , Krohn Thomas , Luong Vien , Nguyen Michael , Telenti Amalio , Wulff Jennifer , Moss-Pultz Sean
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Biomedical data processing generally requires the secure stepwise transfer of sensitive personal information across multiple parties. Mediating such operations using distributed secure digital ledgers, i.e., blockchains, is investigated in this article.

Materials and Methods:

The bitmark property rights blockchain was used to simulate the process of assessing individuals for enrollment to specific clinical trials. In the scenario presented, a sponsor publishes a recruitment call for a clinical trial and patients signal their willingness to participate in the trial through blockchain transactions. The blockchain creates and maintains digital references of the medical data assets of prospective study participants as well as digital property certificates for assigning access rights to corresponding medical data assets. Trial matching services review the patient blockchain records and recommend study participants that are likely to meet the enrollment criteria of recruiting clinical trials. Digital certificates assign transient access rights to the data assets of the prospective study participants. These certificates are transferred to pertinent matching services and sponsors, allowing these organizations to examine the candidacy of each prospective study participant.

Results:

The trial matching simulation demonstrates that property rights blockchains can implement complicated multiparty interactions, such as those associated with medical data exchange, without supplemental peer-to-peer communications.

Conclusions:

Blockchain-based data marketplaces of the type described, when coupled with data-controlled virtual infrastructure environments (i.e., Medical Data Trusts), provide a viable model for managing the transfer, provenance, and processing of individual health information.
Rheumatoid pain models in rodents and the application of dynamic weight-bearing test
Authors: Geng Dawei , Wang Liming , Liu Nancy Q. , Qin Jian
Published: August 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune systemic disease of unknown etiology, characterized by chronic inflammation and synovial infiltration of immune cells. Pain is one of the most dominant symptoms for patients with RA, which affects the health and quality of life. Animal models are helpful to study the pathogenesis of RA and related factors and mechanisms of RA-induced pain, which may aid in the development of new and better treatment strategies. Several animal models of RA have been validated to predict for efficacy in humans that include collagen type II-induced arthritis in rats and mice, adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, and antigen induced arthritis in several species. However, the quantitative evaluation of pain in animal models is technically challenging. Until recent years, behavior methods are used to characterize acute and chronic pain stages by observing behavioral changes in preclinical arthritis models. Significant progress has been made in pain assessment with the development of nonreflexive tools, dynamic weight-bearing (DWB) apparatus was developed for the measurement of pain in rodents by capturing weight-bearing and surface distribution of the paws. In this article, we summarize several classical animal models of rheumatoid pain as well as discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of DWB test for spontaneous pain used in these models.
Maintaining oxygen supply in hospitals treating coronavirus disease 2019 cases
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: August 2020

The role of oxygen therapy in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases is extremely crucial and all steps should be taken to ensure its availability in adequate amount in all the health care establishments treating the patients. The clinical data obtained from China revealed that out of the overall reported cases, 15% severe cases and 5% critically ill patients will require oxygen therapy. Moreover, it is essential to estimate the requirement of oxygen in the hospital and it can be done by using the essential supply forecast tool. In conclusion, in order to improve the treatment outcomes of COVID-19 patients, it is crucial to ensure the supply of high quality medical-grade oxygen to the severe and critically-ill group of patients. In addition, the hospitals should prepare for improving the oxygen surge capacity to meet the needs of sudden rise in the number of cases.
Adherence to the Recommended Intake of Calcium and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the HEXA Study
Authors: Lee Jeeyoo , Shin Aesun , Choi Ji-Yeob , Kang Daehee , Lee Jong-Koo
Published: August 2020

PurposeDietary calcium intake has been suggested to be protective against the development of colorectal cancer. The mean dietary calcium intake of Koreans is 490 mg/day, which is far below the recommended calcium intake of 700-800 mg/day. In this study, we explored the relationship between dietary calcium intake and colorectal cancer development in Koreans with relatively low calcium intake compared with individuals in Western countries. Materials and MethodsThe Health Examinees Study, a large-scale genomic community-based prospective cohort study, was designed to identify the general characteristics of major chronic diseases in Koreans. A total of 119,501 participants aged 40-69 years recruited between 2004 and 2013 were included in this analysis. The calcium intake level was categorized using the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for colorectal cancer risk, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsIn the multivariable-adjusted model, compared with the group that consumed less than the recommended amount of calcium, the group that consumed more than the recommended intake of calcium showed a significant reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer in women. (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.95). Among men, however, no significant association was observed between dietary calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.45).ConclusionKorean women who adhere to the recommended intake of calcium showed a reduced risk of colorectal cancer.
Kamusal Mekanın Göstergebilim Bağlamında İncelenmesi: İstanbul Eyüp Sultan Meydanı
Authors: BALİ Meltem
Published: August 2020

Meydanlar farklı sınıflara ve kültürlere mensup kişileri bir araya getiren, toplumların/bireylerin kimliğini/kültürünü sergilediği, buluşma ve ticaret alanı olarak işlev görebilen toplayıcı mekânlardır. Bu bağlamda kamusal bir mekân olarak meydanlar ve meydanları çevreleyen yapı stokları fiziksel bir gerçeklik olmaktan uzakta gözlemcisine soyut içerikler de sunmakta, törensel ifade biçimleri, çeşitli görüntü ve işaret ögeleri ile çok yönlü unsurlar içermekte ve bu hususlar anlamlandırma sürecinde birer değer oluşturduğundan göstergebilim açısından önem arz etmektedir. Göstergebilim çalışmaları dil bilimi alanında incelenen bir araştırma sahası oluşturmasına karşın bu makalede göstergebilim kamusal mekân ile ilişkilendirilmiş, kamusal mekânı çevreleyen mimari biçimler bir dil olarak kabul edilmiş ve bu husustan hareketle kentlerin odak noktasını oluşturan meydanlar çeşitli simgelerin/imgelerin üretildiği alanlar olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kabulle İstanbul’da yer alan Eyüp Sultan Meydanı göstergebilim kapsamında değerlendirilmiş ve özgün bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Meydanın araştırma sahası olarak belirlenme sebebi; meydanın tarihsel arka planının olması ve simge/imge üreten bir saha olarak varlık göstermesidir. Meydan; anlam yüklü sembollerle kaplanan, ticaretin dinamik bir biçimde sürdüğü, dini ziyaretgâh işlevi gören, dini/sivil mimari varlığıyla simge/imge üreten bir mekândır. Çalışma kapsamında göstergebilim kuramcıları Ferdinand de Saussure, Charles Sanders Peirce ve Roland Barthes’ın kuramları incelenmiş, kamusal mekânın göstergebilim bağlamında nasıl incelenmesi gerektiğine dair Roland Barthes’ın yaklaşımı mevcut araştırmanın yöntemi olarak belirlenmiştir. Roland Barthes’ın göstergebilim kuramını oluşturan düz anlam (detonation) ve yan anlam (connotation) ilkeleri referans alınmış, mekân katılımcı gözlem yoluyla incelenmiş, elde edilen veriler meydanın/ semtin tarihsel arka planı ve kamusal mekân literatürü ile ilişkilendirilmiş, meydan ve gösterge ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir.
Analysis and Design a Safeguard For Bike Rider Using
Embedded System
Authors: R. Sangeetha , prabhu Dr.Ramkumar
Published: August 2020

The objective is to provide a resources and devices for detecting and recording
collusion between bikes. Sensors and cloud computing infrastructures are utilized for building
system. The collision detection system communicates the accelerometer values to the processor
which continuously monitors for erratic variations. When the collision occurs, the information’s
are passing to the concern by using a cloud-based service. GPS is used for identifying the
location of the bike. The application of this system is extended to smart cities and smart helmets.
Significados composicionais de Infográficos e o combate à desinformação em tempos de Covid-19
Authors: Silva Silvana Pereira da , Santos Jaires Oliveira
Published: August 2020

Este artigo empreende um debate sobre a contribuição dos infográficos no combate a proliferação de desinformação, em vista dos significados composicionais de elementos visuais e verbais. Para atender a este objetivo, realizou-se uma reflexão bibliográfica e usou-se três infográficos do site da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Conclui-se que os infográficos apresentam características que ajudam na disseminação de informações idôneas, coesas e concisas, de modo que contribuem efetivamente para suprimir as desinformações em tempos de Covid-19.
PELAKSANAAN INTERNAL AUDIT ATAS AKTIVA TETAP PADA PT. HARVEST MEGA ENERGI MAKASSAR
Authors: Sahabuddin Sahabuddin
Published: August 2020

Pengawasan dan pengendalian tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan jika unsurunsurnya tidak dapat dipatuhi dalam pelaksanaannya. Dalam hal ini internal auditsebagai aparat pengawasan fungsional dituntut untuk berperan dalam melaksanakanpengujian dan pemeriksaan ketaan fungsi-fungsi lainya dalam perusahaan terhadapkebijaksanaan yang telah dibuat oleh manajer, mendeteksi penyimpanan ataukecurangan, serta meningkatkan efektif dan efisiensi operasi perusahaan.Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui Untuk mengetahui prosedur internalaudit yang diterapkan PT. Harvest Mega Energi Makassar dan Untuk menganalisisefektivitas prosedur pemeriksaan atas aktiva tetap yang digunakan oleh internal audit.Metode Analisis yang digunakan adalah Metodeanalisis deskriptif konparatifyaitu menganalisa temuan yang diperoleh selama mengadakan penelitian yangberhubungan dengan masalah yang diteliti dan mengadakan perbandingan antarapelaksanaan audit intern pada PT. Harvest Mega Energi Makassar dengan pelaksanaanmenurut teori audit intern.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Bahwa hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa Metode penyusutan untuk setiap jenis aktiva tetap yang digunakanoleh perusahaan adalah Metode Garis Lurus (Straight Line Method). Penggunaanmetode ini kurang tepat untuk diterapkan pada semua jenis aktiva tetap, karenapenggunaan sebagian jenis aktiva tetap tidak merata tergantung dari volume kegiatanperusahaan, disamping itu PT. Harvest Mega Energi Makassar telah melakukanpengendalian intern yang efektif, hal ini dapat dilihat dengan jelas dari penyelenggaraanadministrasi aktiva tetap, sehingga kecurangan-kecurangan dapat terdeteksi danmelakukan Prosedur audit intern atas aktiva tetap yang telah dijalankan menunjukkanhasil yang efektif. Karena dalam pemeriksaannya, selain melakukan pemeriksaanterhadap pengendalian intern perusahaan, juga melakukan pemeriksaan substantif.Sehingga jika ditemukan kesalahan maka dengan segera melakukan koreksi.
New Public Sphere dan Perkembangan Teknologi Media Sosial di Kawasan MENA (Middle East and North Africa): Studi Kasus Peranan Media InternasionalterhadapPembentukan Social Networking dalam Egyptian Revolution
Authors: Rahmanillah Ajeng Rizqi
Published: August 2020

 

ABSTRACT

 

Massive movement of the Egyptian people, called the Egyptian Revolution, is part of a wave of democratization of the Arab Spring in the Middle East and North Africa.The purpose of this essay is to provide information about the influence of new public sphere and media technology, to the civil society movement in the region. The public sphere is the space of communication of ideas and projects that emerge from society and are addressed to the decision makers in the institutions of society. The global civil society is the organized expression of the values and interests of society. The relationships between government and civil society and their interaction via the public sphere define the polity of society. This essay is a qualitative study using the case study method. The results of this study showed that the development of global communication media has a significant influence on the civil society to develop their skills in using information technology. This has led to the Arab Spring in Tunisia became a successful spark that triggered the revolution in Egypt. Phase emergence of Reformers in the Arab Spring wave of democratization in Egypt indicate that the movement of the Reformers strongly associated with one of the instruments of mass communication become public means of expression, to spread the idea, and eventually forms a networking in a short time.

 

Keywords: New Public Sphere, social media, social movement, egyption revolution
PERUBAHAN STATUS PENERIMA LISENSI TERHADAP PERJANJIAN LISENSI HAK CIPTA
Authors: Indrasrani Lailatusafa’ah
Published: August 2020

Hak cipta adalah hak eksklusif atau yang hanya dimiliki si Pencipta atau Pemegang Hak Cipta untuk mengatur penggunaan hasil karya atau hasil olah gagasan atau informasi tertentu. Pencipta itu dapat mengalihkan haknya kepada pihak lain. Biasanya hal itu dilakukan sesudah suatu perembukan dan tercapai kata sepakat. Lalu diharuskan membuat akta surat perjanjian yang disebut perjanjian lisensi. Perjanjian lisensi (licensing agreement) merupakan perjanjian antara pemberi lisensi (licensor) dengan penerima lisensi (licensee). Licensor memberikan izin kepada licensee untuk menggunakan HKI miliknya dan sebagai imbalannya licensor mendapatkan royalti dari licensee. Perjanjian dapat menjadi kabur apabila terdapat perubahan identitas pada salah satu pihak yang terdapat dalam perjanjian lisensi tersebut.

Kata kunci : Hak Cipta, Perjanjian Lisensi, Perubahan Status
EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN PENGETAHUAN DI KATOR PELAYAHAN PAJAK PRATAMA JAKARTA
Authors: Sumardi Rebin , Suharyono Suharyono , Elwisam Elwisam , Aldrianto Hendi
Published: August 2020

Knowledge management provides an opportunity for changes and information values and libraries to make themselves relevant to the times. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of the application of knowledge management at the Pratama Tamansari Dua Jakarta Tax Office. The method in this study is simple qualitative through the technique of observing objects in the field and literature. Based on the results of the research and evaluation it turned out that the Tamansari Dua Tax Service Office had implemented Knowledge Management well and consistently so that the process of achieving goals had a basis for reference in work and had shown significant results in trying to achieve individual and organizational performance. Institutional innovation and development is faster because with the knowledge management cycle pattern all knowledge is well archived and can be easily accessed by all members. However, the willingness of each individual in the member's institution to be explicit in all tacit knowledge is needed so that it can be disseminated to other members.

 

Keywords: Evaluation, Implementation, Knowledge Management
AN ANNOTATED TRANSLATION OF A NOVEL ENTITLED THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR OF THE SOVIET UNION
Authors: Adnyana I Nyoman
Published: August 2020

This research is about annotated translation with the object a novel entitled The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union written by Joseph Stalin. The problems of this research are: (1) What are the difficulties encountered by the researcher in translating the source text? and (2) How are those difficulties solved in the translation? The aims of this research are: (1) To identify the difficulties encountered by the translator in translating the source text; and (2) How the difficulties are solved which include strategies in translating the source text.  In conducting this annotated translation, the researcher employed introspective and retrospective methods. The researcher analyzed 25 annotations of problems out of 100 items of data related to lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context, and revealed that there were 17 lexicons, 7 grammatical structures, 1 communication situation. Those difficulties which, at the same time, had become problems were analysed to attain solutions in accordance with the relevant translation strategies and translation theories, namely: descriptive translation, naturalization, paraphrasing, addition, deletion, cultural equivalent. The finding of this research can be concluded that translation theories are still needed or even they are very important in the process of translation to produce a good translation. Appropriate translation theories, methods, and procedures can overcome translation problems.

Key words: annotation, lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context.
MEMAHAMI KOMPLEKSITAS GROWTH TRIANGLES
Authors: Nizmi Yusnarida Eka
Published: August 2020

Tulisan ini menganalisa beberapa konseptual utama dalam lingkup fenomena growth triangle yang dibagi menjadi beberapa pembahasan. Diawali dengan etimologi dari growth triangle dan membahas  apa yang membedakannya dengan bentuk kerjasama ekonomi regional lainnya. Terminologi Growth Triangles  muncul setelah deputi Pedana Menteri Singapura Goh Chok Tong menggunakannya pada Desember 1989 untuk menjabarkan kerjasama ekonomi subregional yang melibatkan Singapura, Selatan Johor dan Pulau Batam di Indonesia. Growth Triangles, mengeksploitasi komplementaritas diantara negara-negara yang berbeda secara geografis untuk mendapatkan keuntungan kompetitif dalam rangka promosi ekspor. Growth Triangles menampilkan karakteristik-karakteristik mikrolinkages, namun dibedakan oleh komposisi tripartite. Mereka dianggap sebagai “transnational economic” dimana ekonomi-ekonomi yang memiliki perbedaan sumber daya dari ragam faktor produksi, jasa, tenaga kerja, modal, sumber daya alam,  efesiensi-efesiensi yang ada, dan kekuatan-kekuatan masing-masing negara. Dalam teori, lebih besar comaprative advantage yang ada, maka dapat menjamin anggota-anggota yang ada untuk bekerja secara bersama-sama diluar batas-batas negara mereka. Growth Triangle merujuk pada dimensi Comparative tersebut. Area-area ekonomi pinggiran, yang jauh dari pusat-pusat utama, secara khusus diuntungkan. Dalam Growth Triangle juga ditemukan insentif sosial-ekonomi yang meningkat yakni peluang-peluang mendapatkan pendapatan dan pekerjaan.

 

 Kata Kunci: Kerjasama ekonomi, Growth Triangle, Prospek dan Pertumbuhan, Comparative Advantage, Keuntungan Kompetitif.
Crecimiento y metabolitos secundarios de Stevia pilosa Lag. en tres condiciones edafoclimáticas en el estado de Hidalgo, México
Authors: Romero-Figueroa José C. , Rodríguez-Mendoza María de las Nieves , Gutiérrez-Castorena Ma. del Carmen , Escalante-Estrada José Alberto Salvador , Peña-Valdivia Cecilia Beatriz , Cueto-Wong José Antonio
Published: August 2020

Introducción: La distribución de Stevia pilosa Lag. y su contenido de metabolitos con propiedades terapéuticas se han documentado; sin embargo, no hay reportes del desarrollo in situ y de los factores que influyen en el crecimiento de la planta.Objetivo: Cuantificar el crecimiento, contenido fitoquímico y nutrimental de plantas de S. pilosa in situ bajo tres condiciones edafoclimáticas del estado de Hidalgo, México.Materiales y métodos: En los sitios denominados Huasca de Ocampo (HO), Mineral del Chico (MCh) y Mineral del Monte (MM), con clima, suelo y altitud diferentes, se colectó suelo y se hicieron tres muestreos de plantas para dar seguimiento al desarrollo de la especie. En el último muestreo se cuantificó la concentración nutrimental y fitoquímica.Resultados y discusión: La cantidad de plantas varió en función de los sitios de muestreo, siendo mayor en MCh (12 plantas·m-2). La tasa de crecimiento y el área foliar se relacionaron directamente. En plantas de MCh y MM, la fotosíntesis neta solo abasteció la demanda en los dos primeros muestreos, donde hubo acumulación significativa (P ≤ 0.05) de materia, mientras que en HO abasteció todos los muestreos. Las plantas de MCh y HO tuvieron mayor concentración nutrimental (P ≤ 0.05). Las plantas de MCh y MM presentaron mayor concentración de fenoles y flavonoides, y las de HO sobresalieron en terpenos totales.Conclusiones: Las condiciones edafoclimáticas en los tres sitios del estado de Hidalgo modificaron la presencia, forma de crecimiento y desarrollo de S. pilosa.
Análisis regional de los factores del cambio de cobertura del bosque de encino (Quercus sp.) en la región Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, México
Authors: Osorio-Olvera Laura Paulina , García-Romero Arturo , Couturier Stéphane André , Guerra-Martínez Francisco
Published: August 2020

Introducción: Los bosques de encino (Quercus sp.) están representados escasamente en las Áreas Naturales Protegidas de México y son sumamente vulnerables a la deforestación.Objetivo: Evaluar la dinámica regional de la deforestación y la recuperación, así como los factores del cambio de cobertura y uso del suelo (CCUS) en el bosque de encino de la Región Tehuacán-Cuicatlán (RTC) que incluye el polígono de la Reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán (RBTC) y su zona de influencia.Materiales y métodos: La dinámica de CCUS se analizó en dos periodos; uno previo a la declaración de la RBTC (1979-2001) y otro posterior (2001-2011). El análisis de los factores consistió en dos etapas: análisis de regresión logística a partir de la interpolación espacial de los factores, y análisis de las tendencias socioeconómicas municipales a partir de las tasas de cambio.Resultados y discusión: El bosque de encino se deforestó previo al decreto de la RBTC, con una tasa anual de cambio de -0.97 %. La deforestación estuvo asociada a áreas de baja pendiente, cercanas a localidades y con presencia de mayor población masculina. En contraste, en el periodo posterior resaltó su recuperación (0.22 %), la cual estuvo asociada con áreas de pendiente y altitud elevadas, y disminución de la población masculina.Conclusión: El decreto de la RBTC no debe considerarse la causa principal del cambio en los procesos de CCUS; sin embargo, debe aceptarse una injerencia indirecta.
Cambios en la temperatura y precipitación causados por tres cultivos en el estado de Veracruz, México
Authors: Salas-Martínez Fernando , Valdés-Rodríguez Ofelia A. , Méndez-Pérez Matías
Published: August 2020

Introducción: El establecimiento de nuevos cultivos puede causar alteraciones climáticas a nivel local o regional. Objetivo: Analizar la variación de temperatura y precipitación mediante la sustitución simulada de la vegetación actual por la introducción de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.), jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) y moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) en la región central del estado de Veracruz, México. Materiales y métodos: Las simulaciones de temperatura ambiente y precipitación para cada cultivo y el control (condiciones actuales: cultivo mixto, árboles perennes, bosque mixto y agricultura de riego) se hicieron con el modelo climático regional (RegCM4). El modelo se evaluó mediante análisis comparativo entre simulaciones y datos observados, usando el error cuadrático medio y la raíz cuadrada del error cuadrático medio como medidas de dispersión. Resultados y discusión: Las regiones con suelos desprovistos de su vegetación natural, como los suelos de uso agrícola, tendrían mayor variabilidad climática. En estos suelos, el desplazamiento de la vegetación actual por caña de azúcar generaría las mayores alteraciones térmicas con un decremento de 0.7 °C, mientras que con jatropha y moringa, el decremento sería de 0.3 °C. Con respecto a la precipitación, el sesgo del RegCM4 incrementa cuando hay altas variaciones altitudinales, por lo que deben explorarse otros modelos. Conclusiones: La introducción de moringa o jatropha con fines bioenergéticos sería una alternativa de bajo impacto climático, mientras que la caña de azúcar no se considera apta para estos fines debido a la mayor afectación climática que provocaría en la región.
Análisis del ambiente físico del trabajo en aserraderos de El Salto, Durango, México
Authors: Silva-Lugo Edwin D. , Aragón-Vásquez Alondra Y. , Nájera-Luna Juan A. , Hernández Francisco J. , De la Cruz-Carrera Ricardo , Medina-Urrutia Víctor Manuel
Published: August 2020

Introducción: En los aserraderos, los trabajadores desempeñan su labor en un medio físico adverso que influye en el bienestar, desconociendo si los niveles de seguridad en el área son aceptables. Objetivo: Analizar la exposición de los trabajadores al ruido, confort térmico e iluminación en cinco puestos de trabajo de seis aserraderos de la región de El Salto, Durango, México. Materiales y métodos: Las variables físicas del ambiente de trabajo se midieron directamente en tres horarios del día durante siete días laborales en cinco puestos de trabajo (montacargas, desorilladora, trocero, reaserradora y sierra principal). El tiempo máximo permisible de exposición al ruido, el confort térmico mediante la temperatura efectiva y la iluminación del área de trabajo se determinaron. Las diferencias estadísticas de las variables físicas entre puestos de trabajo, aserraderos y horarios del día se detectaron mediante análisis de varianza y pruebas de comparación de rangos de la mediana de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados y discusión: El nivel de ruido (85 a 102 dB[A]) representa mayor riesgo auditivo en los puestos de la sierra principal, la reaserradora y el trocero al rebasar los 90 dB(A). El confort térmico fue de 20 °C, el cual garantiza que el trabajador puede estar expuesto el 100 % del tiempo de la jornada laboral a dicha temperatura. Los niveles de iluminación resultaron altos al superar los 2 000 lx. Conclusiones: Los niveles de ruido e iluminación son altos en los aserraderos evaluados y representan un riesgo para la seguridad de los trabajadores si no se vigila el uso obligatorio de protectores auriculares y oculares.
Crecimiento en campo de Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. como efecto de la poda radicular y los contenedores utilizados en vivero
Authors: Aguilera-Rodríguez Manuel , Aldrete Arnulfo , Vargas-Hernández J. Jesús , López-Upton Javier , López-López Miguel A. , Ordaz-Chaparro Víctor Manuel
Published: August 2020

Introducción: La producción de planta en contenedores implica el riesgo de deformar la raíz. Este daño persiste y se incrementa en campo, ocasionando efectos negativos en la planta. Objetivo: Evaluar el crecimiento en campo de Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. como efecto de la poda radicular y de los contenedores utilizados en vivero. Materiales y métodos: Se produjo planta de nueve meses en tres contenedores de 170 cc: charola de plástico, charola de poliestireno y rejilla con tubetes con 54, 77 y 42 cavidades, respectivamente. Las cavidades se impregnaron con hidróxido de cobre para propiciar la poda radicular química; adicionalmente, se incluyó un tratamiento con poda radicular aérea (tubetes con aberturas laterales). El crecimiento y la supervivencia de P. patula se evaluaron en campo durante dos años en 72 plantas por tratamiento, distribuidas aleatoriamente en seis bloques o repeticiones. Resultados y discusión: Las plantas con poda y sin poda mostraron diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0.05) en supervivencia (89 vs. 79 %), altura (154.0 vs. 147.1 cm) y tasas de crecimiento relativo anual de diámetro (0.97 vs. 0.93 mm·mm-1·año-1) y altura (0.97 vs. 0.92 cm·cm-1·año-1). Las plantas en tubetes de plástico y charolas de poliestireno tuvieron los mejores crecimientos y supervivencia. La interacción poda*contenedor no fue significativa. A pesar de haber iniciado con las tallas más bajas, la planta de los contenedores con diseño para poda radicular aérea tuvo características similares a la producida en los mismos contenedores con y sin poda radicular química. Conclusión: La poda radicular favoreció el crecimiento y supervivencia de P. patula en campo y tuvo mayor efecto que el tipo de contenedor utilizado.
Sistemas de ecuaciones de altura-diámetro-edad para Pinus arizonica Engelmann y Pinus durangensis Martínez en rodales mezclados de Durango, México
Authors: Quiñonez-Barraza Gerónimo , Zhao Dehai , De los Santos-Posadas Héctor M.
Published: August 2020

Introducción: La altura total (H) y el diámetro normal (DBH) son variables importantes en el inventario forestal y son la base de sistemas de crecimiento y rendimiento.Objetivo: Generar tres sistemas de ecuaciones de predicción y proyección para Pinus arizonica Engelmann (Pa) y Pinus durangensis Martínez (Pd) en rodales mezclados de Durango, México.Materiales y métodos: Ecuaciones de DBH con corteza como funciones del DBH sin corteza se desarrollaron y la relación H-DBH fue extendida a tres relaciones con el uso de la edad (A): H-DBH, H-A y DBH-A. Los sistemas de ecuaciones de H-DBH-A se desarrollaron a partir de una base de datos de 46 y 66 árboles de análisis troncales con 601 y 760 mediciones longitudinales de Pa y Pd, respectivamente. Los ajustes se realizaron con regresión aparentemente no relacionada y con el enfoque de variables Dummy con parámetros comunes y específicos.Resultados y discusión: Las relaciones mostraron precisión significativa en los estadísticos de ajuste evaluados (coeficiente de determinación ajustado, raíz del cuadrado medio del error, criterio de información de Akaike, error estándar de la estimación y sesgo). Las ecuaciones inversas de las tres relaciones conformaron un sistema global de ecuaciones de predicción y proyección.Conclusiones: Las ecuaciones son útiles para predecir y proyectar H y DBH y pueden usarse como variables de entrada en modelos de crecimiento y rendimiento.
Detection of non-linear effects in satellite UV/Vis reflectance spectra: Application to the Ozone Monitoring Instrument
Authors: Gorkavyi Nick , Fasnacht Zachary , Haffner David , Marchenko Sergey , Joiner Joanna , Vasilkov Alexander
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Non-linear effects, such as from saturation, stray light, or obstruction of light, negatively impact satellite measured ultraviolet and visible Earthshine radiance spectra and downstream retrievals of atmospheric and surface properties derived from these spectra. In addition, excessive noise such as from cosmic ray impacts, prevalent within the South Atlantic Anomaly, can also degrade satellite radiance measurements. Saturation specifically pertains to observations of very bright surfaces such as sun glint over water surfaces or thick clouds. Related residual electronic cross-talk or blooming effects may occur in spatial pixels adjacent to a saturated area. Obstruction of light can occur within the zones of solar eclipses as well as from material located outside of the satellite instrument. The latter may also produce unintended scattered light into a satellite instrument. When these effects cannot be corrected to an acceptable level for science quality retrievals, it is desirable to flag the affected pixels. Here, we introduce a new detection method that is based on the correlation, r, between the observed Earthshine radiance and solar irradiance spectra over a 10 nm-spectral range; our Decorrelation Index (DI for brevity) is simply defined as DI=1−r. DI increases with non-linear effects or excessive noise in either radiances (the most likely cause in OMI data) or irradiances. DI is relatively straight-forward to use and interpret and can be computed for different wavelength intervals. We developed a set of DIs for two spectral channels of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), a hyperspectral pushbroom imaging spectrometer. For each OMI spatial measurement, we define 14 wavelength-dependent DIs within the OMI visible channel (350–498 nm) and 6 DIs in its ultraviolet 2 (UV2) channel (310–370 nm). As defined, DIs reflect a continuous range of deviations of observed spectra from the reference irradiance spectrum that are complementary to the binary Saturation Possibility Warning (SPW) flags currently provided for each individual spectral/spatial pixels in the OMI radiance data set. Smaller values of DI are also caused by a number of geophysical factors; this allows one to obtain interesting physical results on the global distribution of spectral variations.
Observation of wave-driven air–water turbulent momentum exchange in a large but fetch-limited shallow lake
Authors: Lükő Gabriella , Torma Péter , Krámer Tamás , Weidinger Tamás , Vecenaj Zeljko , Grisogono Branko
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Wind-induced waves play a key role in air–sea momentum and heat exchange. Fetch-limited shallow lakes differ significantly from open ocean circumstances since the wave field is characterized by young and growing waves that (i) are steeper and can collapse by white-capping at lower wind speeds, and (ii) travel with lower phase velocity. Consequently, momentum (and heat) flux estimation methods arising from oceanographic observations cannot be directly applied; however, few attempts have been made to describe air–water turbulent exchange in case of large, but still fetch-limited shallow lakes. Within a Croatian-Hungarian measurement campaign, turbulent flux measurements were performed in Lake Balaton.
Momentum and heat fluxes were measured with eddy-covariance technique at an
offshore station, while waves were simultaneously recorded with underwater
acoustic surface tracking. Momentum fluxes were also recorded at two further stations closer to the shore. In this study, we analyze the measured wind stress and surface waves to reveal surface drag in case of highly fetch-limited conditions. We compare our results with relevant model
formulations that attempt to estimate momentum flux using different wave
state parameterizations (i.e. wave age and wave slope modified Charnock
formulations) and show that derived drag and roughness length parameterizations differ significantly from oceanographic formulas.
Climatic information archived in ice cores: impact of intermittency and diffusion on the recorded isotopic signal in Antarctica
Authors: Casado Mathieu , Münch Thomas , Laepple Thomas
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The isotopic signal (δ18O and δD) imprinted in ice cores from Antarctica is not solely generated by the temperature sensitivity of the isotopic composition of precipitation, but it also contains the signature of the intermittency of the precipitation patterns, as well as of post-deposition processes occurring at the surface and in the firn. This leads to a proxy signal recorded by the ice cores that may not be representative of the local climate variations. Due to precipitation intermittency, the ice cores only record brief snapshots of the climatic conditions, resulting in aliasing of the climatic signal and thus a large amount of noise which reduces the minimum temporal resolution at which a meaningful signal can be retrieved. The analyses are further complicated by isotopic diffusion, which acts as a low-pass filter that dampens any high-frequency changes. Here, we use reanalysis data (ERA-Interim) combined with satellite products of accumulation to evaluate the spatial distribution of the numerical estimates of the transfer function that describes the formation of the isotopic signal across Antarctica. As a result, the minimum timescales at which the signal-to-noise ratio exceeds unity range from less than 1 year at the coast to about 1000 years further inland. Based on solely physical processes, we are thus able to define a lower bound for the timescales at which climate variability can be reconstructed from the isotopic composition in ice cores.
RIDE VIBRATIONS: TOWARDS COMFORT-BASED BICYCLE NAVIGATION
Authors: Wage O. , Feuerhake U. , Koetsier C. , Ponick A. , Schild N. , Beening T. , Dare S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Providers for common navigation systems and mobile applications apply their route choice concepts for cars almost unmodified to cyclists. In contrast to motorists the latter are not significantly influenced by the traffic situation or speed limits, but notably by other factors like slopes and path’s surface type and quality. In a volunteered geographic information fashion this paper contributes a smartphone-based mobile sensing and evaluation approach for bicycle way’s roughness. It presents the complete process chain from data acquisition using the mobile app ”RideVibes” to a detailed data analysis on street segment level to finally enable a comfort sensitive route optimization and recommendation.
A MULTI CRITERIA DECISION URBAN DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR LAND EXPROPRIATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: A STRATEGIC APPROACH
Authors: Mokoena B. T. , Sebola J. P.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The land question in South Africa has been a long-standing issue for more than 360 years. Consequent to unjust legislation such as The Natives Land Act No.27 of 1913 to this day, there is a racial imbalance in the distribution of land ownership in South Africa. Coupled with the socio-economic and spatial segregative mandates of the apartheid-government to enrich the white minority, such unjust legislation fostered mass-land dispossessions and displacements of black people relocating them to peripheral areas known as ‘Bantu stands’ where they were further ethnically grouped in remote from socio-economic opportunities. The preceding has resulted in the impoverishment of the black people as they no longer had land – their primary source of livelihood. The limited access to land by black people remains true in post-apartheid South Africa.Since the dawn of democracy, limited access to urban land has coursed challenges for housing development. Spatial transformation towards socio-economic integration has also become problematic as large areas of strategically located land remain locked in the hands of the minorities. Thus, to realise the mandates of South Africa’s democratic government – equal access to land and opportunities, this land needs to be acquired, particularly for the previously disadvantaged, poor, and landless.As cities move towards being smart, this research will demonstrate the use of Evidence Based Planning (EBP) in order to assist Local Government to foster scientific decision making methods. The use of the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) as a method to develop a Strategic Urban Development Decision Framework (SSUDDF) as a Planning Support System (PSS) that will be used to investigate the best suitable land for possible expropriation. Various criteria such as proximity to road connectivity, proximity to current and future economic activity, proximity to public transport routes, dolomitic land, priority areas and proximity to city centres are some of the criteria selected for the research. The Strategic Spatial Urban Development Decision Framework (SSUDDF) enabled us to stream line significant criteria and processes that where specific to strategic urban development in the Benoni town situated in the City of Ekurhuleni using critical spatial policy and strategic objectives of the city.