bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case
Authors: Malossi Camila Dantas , Fioratti Eduardo Gorzoni , Cardoso Jedson Ferreira , Magro Angelo Jose , Kroon Erna Geessien , Aguiar Daniel Moura de , Borges Alice Mamede Costa Marque , Nogueira Marcia Furlan , Ullmann Leila Sabrina , Araujo João Pessoa
Published: February 2020

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a persistent lentivirus that causes equine infectious anemia (EIA). In Brazil, EIAV is endemic in the Pantanal region, and euthanasia is not mandatory in this area. All of the complete genomic sequences from field viruses are from North America, Asia, and Europe, and only proviral genomic sequences are available. Sequences from Brazilian EIAV are currently available only for gag and LTR regions. Thus, the present study aimed for the first time to sequence the entire EIAV genomic RNA in naturally infected horses from an endemic area in Brazil. RNA in plasma from naturally infected horses was used for next-generation sequencing (NGS), and gaps were filled using Sanger sequencing methodology. Complete viral genomes of EIAV from two horses were obtained and annotated (Access Number: MN560970 and MN560971). Putative genes were analyzed and compared with previously described genes, showing conservation in gag and pol genes and high variations in LTR and env sequences. Amino acid changes were identified in the p26 protein, one of the most common targets used for diagnosis, and p26 molecular modelling showed surface amino acid alterations in some epitopes. Brazilian genome sequences presented 88.6% nucleotide identity with one another and 75.8 to 77.3% with main field strains, such as EIAV Liaoning, Wyoming, Ireland, and Italy isolates. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggested that this Brazilian strain comprises a separate monophyletic group. These results may help to better characterize EIAV and to overcome the challenges of diagnosing and controlling EIA in endemic regions.
MVA Vectored Vaccines Encoding Rift Valley Fever Virus Glycoproteins Protect Mice against Lethal Challenge in the Absence of Neutralizing Antibody Responses
Authors: López-Gil Elena , Moreno Sandra , Ortego Javier , Borrego Belén , Lorenzo Gema , Brun Alejandro
Published: February 2020

In vitro neutralizing antibodies have been often correlated with protection against Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection. We have reported previously that a single inoculation of sucrose-purified modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) encoding RVFV glycoproteins (rMVAGnGc) was sufficient to induce a protective immune response in mice after a lethal RVFV challenge. Protection was related to the presence of glycoprotein specific CD8+ cells, with a low-level detection of in vitro neutralizing antibodies. In this work we extended those observations aimed to explore the role of humoral responses after MVA vaccination and to study the contribution of each glycoprotein antigen to the protective efficacy. Thus, we tested the efficacy and immune responses in BALB/c mice of recombinant MVA viruses expressing either glycoprotein Gn (rMVAGn) or Gc (rMVAGc). In the absence of serum neutralizing antibodies, our data strongly suggest that protection of vaccinated mice upon the RVFV challenge can be achieved by the activation of cellular responses mainly directed against Gc epitopes. The involvement of cellular immunity was stressed by the fact that protection of mice was strain dependent. Furthermore, our data suggest that the rMVA based single dose vaccination elicits suboptimal humoral immune responses against Gn antigen since disease in mice was exacerbated upon virus challenge in the presence of rMVAGnGc or rMVAGn immune serum. Thus, Gc-specific cellular immunity could be an important component in the protection after the challenge observed in BALB/c mice, contributing to the elimination of infected cells reducing morbidity and mortality and counteracting the deleterious effect of a subneutralizing antibody immune response.
Defunctioning Protective Stoma Can Reduce the Rate of Anastomotic Leakage After Low Anterior Resection in Rectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Lee Byoung Chul , Lim Seok-Byung , Lee Jong Lyul , Kim Chan Wook , Yoon Yong Sik , Park In Ja , Yu Chang Sik , Kim Jin Cheon
Published: February 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage and to evaluate the impact of protective stoma on the rate of anastomotic leakage and subsequent management.Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 4,282 patients who underwent low anterior resection between 2007 and 2014. Among these, 1,367 (31.9%) underwent surgery to create protective diverting stoma and 232 (5.4%) experienced anastomotic leakage. At 6-month timepoints, data were evaluated to identify any correlation between the presence of diverting stoma and the incidence of anastomotic leakage. In addition, clinicopathological parameters were investigated to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage.Results: Diverting stomas significantly reduced the rate of anastomotic leakage (hazard ratio, 0.334; 95% confidence interval, 0.212–0.525; P<0.001], which was reciprocally correlated with the rate of diverting stoma formation (P=0.039). Patients with a diverting stoma had a significantly lower incidence of generalized peritonitis (P<0.001) and therefore significantly reduced need for laparotomy (82.7% vs. 39.1%, P<0.001).Conclusion: The selective use of diverting stoma in high-risk patients decreases the rate of anastomotic leakage. Diverting stoma also affects the type of leakage and reduces the need for emergency laparotomy by approximately 40%.
Efeito da arginina isolada ou associada na cicatrização de lesões por pressão (LPP): revisando as evidências científicas
Authors: Moreira de Oliveira Leiliane , Kellen de Souza Cardoso Camila
Published: February 2020

Introdução: A lesão por pressão (LPP) é um dano localizado na pele e/ou no tecido mole subjacente que ocorre normalmente em pacientes acamados, com declínio do estado nutricional e da imunidade. Portanto, tem-se, o processo de cicatrização prejudicado e o uso de alguns imunomoduladores pode melhorar esse quadro, como a arginina. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura científica o efeito e o mecanismo de ação da arginina isolada ou associada na cicatrização de LPP. Material e Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura científica, com pesquisas nas bases de dados PubMed, Trip Data Base, Scielo, Science Direct e Scopus entre agosto de 2018 e abril de 2019, com recorte temporal de 2008 a 2018. Foram adotados os descritores e termos de pesquisa arginina, úlcera por pressão, cicatrização e tratamento. Resultados: A busca resultou em 11 artigos que atenderam aos critérios do presente estudo. Esses evidenciaram que a suplementação de arginina, isolada ou associada a nutrientes antioxidantes, possui resultados significativos no tratamento de LPP que levam a considerável diminuição do tempo de internação e dos custos hospitalares. Conclusão: O uso de arginina isolada ou associada a nutrientes antioxidantes têm efeitos promissores na cicatrização de LPP.
The Endurance of Gothic Motifs on Screen
Authors: Menegaldo Gilles
Published: February 2020

Cet article explore de nombreuses représentations de la demeure gothique rencontrées dans le cinéma américain, et s’attache à cerner la spécificité du médium filmique dans l’utilisation de ce motif littéraire. Ainsi, à travers l’étude de films aussi divers que The Cat and the Canary de Paul Leni, Frankenstein, The Bride of Frankenstein, The Old Dark House de James Whale, White Zombie de Victor Halperin, Rebecca d’Alfred Hitchcock, Gaslight de Thorold Dickinson, Experiment Perilous de Jacques Tourneur, The Secret Beyond The Door de Fritz Lang, The Innocents de Jack Clayton et The Others de Alejandro Amenabar, cet article montre comment le cinéma utilise l’instabilité, les doubles fonds et les surprises propres à l’espace labyrinthique de la maison, à la fois pour manifester l’extériorité inquiétante de l'Autre et, simultanément, mettre en scène les vacillements intérieurs rencontrés au seuil de la folie.
L'URSS ne croit pas aux larmes. Entretien
Authors: Adler Alexandre , Guattari Félix
Published: February 2020

Les événements vont vite. Les chances de Gorbatchev tiennent néanmoins à quelques raisons essentielles et durables : le refus de la guerre civile, l’accord majoritaire pour l’établissement progressif du «marché», la recherche des autonomies nationales dans un cadre démocratique, la conservation d’une position centrale de l’URSS dans l’économie de l’ancien bloc socialiste, la démilitarisation. Le Parti communiste reste le vivier des compétences disponibles, l’instrument privilégié, pour le moment, du mouvement des réformes.
En remontant la « rue arabe »
Authors: Nassib Sélim
Published: February 2020

Going up « Arab Street ».

The «Arab Street» demonstrated in favor of Saddam Hussein. How is this conceivable, with Saddam known to be a blood-thirsty dictator and his regime totalitarian ? Such popular momentum is the expression in the Arab world of a repeated quest for a savior, an ancient resentment, a violence held back in the frustration of so much injustice imputed to the « infernal triptych » : Imperialism, Zionism, Arab reaction. Ascertaining this does not answer the whole question : why this identification with Saddam Hussein ? A closed or blocked up sociocultural community system is keeping millions of women and men at the door of international modernity come from the West.
En suspens
Authors: Cachard Claudie
Published: February 2020

Suspendido.

Una relación madre-hijo, encajada en un tiempo inmutable. Tiempo del asilo, del autismo y de las vidas inconcebibles. ¿ Cômo representarse aquellos contactos, aquellos intercambios, aquel afecto entre dos seres sin distancia uno hacia otro ? Nuestras concepciones de las relaciones sociales, nuestros modelos de funcionamento psíquico, nos ayuda poco en abarcalos. ¿ Cômo lograrlo ?
La branche dure et le roseau pensant
Authors: Hubert Stéphane
Published: February 2020

The Hard Branch and the Clever Reed.

Can a play be staged with Gulliver reciting a monologue by Leibniz and poetry rhyming with scientific theory ? At a time in wich computing tends to assert itself as a paradigm in all sciences, can aestheticism also be invoked to reassess the very concept of subjectivity ?
L’ensorcellement tourbillonnaire
Authors: Auray Nicolas
Published: February 2020

De la machine à vapeur de l'Empereur de Chine aux Machines célibataires de Carrouges, l'Histoire établit l'existence de machineries délirantes qui témoignent du rapport passionnel que l'homme à de tout temps entretenu avec la machine. D'abord faite pour le prolonger et le servir, elle a développé une existence autonome, autodéterminée. Chez Marcel Duchamp, elle devient une greffe donnant naissance à des organes jamais vus. La surmachine est désirante car elle produit des flux qui parasitent et contrecarrent l'activité productrice. Les centres de gravité que tisse le corps social s'opposent à l'intensité des turbulences que trament les innovations machiniques.
Human Resources Challenges in Apparel Industry in Sri Lanka
Authors: Welmilla Dr. Indumathi
Published: February 2020

This study aims to identify the human resources challenges existing in the apparel sector of Sri Lanka and provide recommendations to secure with managing the barriers to go ahead with future sustainability in the industry. The research approach is qualitative and followed the case study method. Face to face interviews was the method of collecting data by following a semi-structured questionnaire for the research, and the data analysis method was the thematic analysis. The finding demonstrates nine core human resources challenges in the apparel industry in Sri Lanka.
Issues of social pedagogy in „Studia Pedagogiczne”
Authors: Danilewicz Wioleta , Sosnowski Tomasz
Published: February 2020

For almost seven decades ”Studia Pedagogiczne” have accompanied the achievements of Polish pedagogues It is a testimony to their interests, transformations, development; the changes undergone in many spheres by the entire environment. The aim of the text is to look at the issues taken up in the journal in the perspective of time; at the thematic areas taken up by the authors and the participation of social pedagogues
in representing their research interests. It is impossible to cover the reflections resulting from several dozen issues on several pages of this text, therefore special attention has been focused on the last area, i.e. the area related to social pedagogues. They, especially the people gathered around the Department of Social Pedagogy of the University of Warsaw, created several independent volumes of the magazine, and Ryszard Wroczyński spent many years building the character of ”Studia Pedagogiczne” as a member of the Editorial Team.
Rural environment – a space for school education of children
Authors: Matyjas Bożena
Published: February 2020

The article discusses rural environment as a space for school education of children. At the beginning, it looks into the concept of “environment” and its typology in the context of social pedagogy. ubsequently, the rural environment and its transformation processes, including contemporary times, are characterized – two important dates that contributed to them, i.e. 1989 and 2004 are mentioned – “Rural Poland 2018. The report on the State of Rural Areas”. Rural education has been discussed in the context of rural characteristics and proved to be as diversified as Polish rural environment. Based on the literature analysis, it can be assumed that, in spite of dynamic transformation processes affecting both rural and urban societies, the quality of rural education is lower as compared to education in urban areas.
Jesus Christ as a teacher and educator – three testimonies
Authors: Janiec Stanisław
Published: February 2020

The essence of considerations are three testimonies of world-famous intellectuals: Leszek Kołakowski, Tadeusz Kotarbiński and Bogdan Suchodolski about Jesus Christ. The analysis concerns Christ as personified Truth, personified Way and personified life. The adopted perspective is anchored in the teaching of John Paul II.
Attracting ability of medium-fiber cotton genotypes bolls and their yield
Authors: Saidov Saidzhamol T. , Dragavtsev Viktor A. , Sadikov Asliddin T.
Published: February 2020

This article presents the results of determining the attracting ability of the whole box and the degree of its differences depending on the genotypes, as well as its prospects for solving practical problems of selection of medium-fiber cotton. Consequently, among the genotypes studied by us, a significant amount of the attractive ability of a single box, the value of attraction and the mass of raw cotton per box differed in 10 combinations, which are economically the most productive.
PERAN MATA KULIAH KERJA PRAKTEK PADA TUGAS AKHIR MAHASISWA TEKNIK ARSITEKTUR DI JAKARTA
Authors: Maria Kiki
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Practical work is one of the requirements for taking the final project (thesis) in the Architectural Engineering Study Program. Practical Work Performed by students majoring in Architecture for approximately four (4) months to carry out activities on certain construction projects that are related to the field of architecture such as planning, implementation and supervision of institutions outside the campus in this case the Contractor or Planning Consultant. This research is to find out whether students in carrying out the Final Project also apply the experience gained while carrying out practical work. Based on the above background, we are very interested in proposing and trying to do research with the title "The Role of Practical Work Subjects in Engineering Student Program Final Project". This research was conducted in several stages, namely the survey stage, the data processing stage, and the conclusion drawing stage. In the survey stage, primary data collection is carried out by making a comparison between the Job Training Report and the Final Task Report. Comparisons were made at several universities which according to the plan would be chosen as sampling locations, namely: Bung Karno University, Pancasila University, Indonesian Christian University and "YAI" University. The second stage, data processing is done using the method of raising the sample, the method of analysis, and testing the hypothesis. The last stage was drawing conclusions about the Role of Practical Work Subjects in the Final Project of the Architectural Engineering Study Program.
Variability of Morphological Characteristics of Hedysarum grandiflorum (Fabaceae, Dicotyledones) in Various Ecological Conditions of the Southern Volga Upland
Authors: Lavrentiev M. V. , Boldyrev V. A.
Published: February 2020

In recent decades the interest to the study of Hedysarum has increased. Researchers touched upon the classical issues of morphology and variability of external features of Hedysarum grandiflorum and other species of Hedysarum (to clarify morphology, to more accurately separate existing species, to describe the morphology of new species, including rare ones) providing almost no detailed descriptions. The paper provides information about the morphology of external features of H. grandiflorum in the Southern Volga Upland. The study was conducted in 2007–2018. We have studied 23 H. grandiflorum cenopopulations in habitats with various environmental conditions, where more than 600 counting sites were laid, and concluded that the morphological features of H. grandiflorum are rather variable and the values of morphometric parameters are higher in the northeastern part of the study area. The well-being of the population is achieved due to some heterogeneity in the size of individual plants and by means of suppressing the growth and size of separate cenopopulations. The decrease in the parameters of signs is often associated with a higher anthropogenic load. Dimensional indicators of individuals from the cenopopulations of the species studied depend on the thickness of soil, which decreases from fescue-feather grass to petrophyte steppes. Cluster analysis has allowed us to divide the cenopopulations into southern, northern and northeastern ones, and those with anthropogenic impact. The least variable and most informative morphological features of H. grandiflorum (in the descending order of importance) are: the length of the standard, the diameter of the caudex, the plant height, the number of foliole pairs, the number of inflorescences, the number of leaves, the length of the unpaired foliole, the number of flowers on the inflorescence, the length of leaves and the width of the unpaired foliole. In the overwhelming majority of the plants encountered, all the petals of the corolla were of uniform light yellow color, turning into a white tint to the edges of the petals. In some cenopopulations, the corolla can be colored differently and unevenly, especially at the keel. Approximately 0.3% of individuals of the corolla petals and/or the lower part of the keel and/or veins are light blue or light pink, less than 0.07% has a light magenta or even light purple tint of the veins of the carina, edges of the petals or the whole corolla. Similar individuals are found in other regions. Many scientists noted this peculiarity a long time ago and had already described this phenomenon as a color variation (for example, H. grandiflorum var. violaceum) or less often, as a subspecies (for example, H. grandiflorum ssp. argenteum). Individuals with recessive coloring of the corolla from the area of study are called intraspecific color variations.
PELATIHAN APLIKASI PERKANTORAN MENGGUNAKAN MICROSOFT OFFICE DI PANTI ASUHAN RUMAH IMPIAN KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Lestari Putu Astri , Lestari Ni Putu Emilika Budi
Published: February 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh tim dosen dari Sekolah Tinggi Desain Bali dilaksanakan pada awal November tanggal 2 November 2019, bertempat di Panti Asuhan Rumah Impian. Kegiatan ini mendapat sambutan yang sangat baik dan antusiasme yang tinggi. Pelatihan Aplikasi Perkantoran menggunakan Microsoft Office ini merupakan salah satu cara untuk menambah ketrampilan anak – anak di Panti asuhan dalam bidang administratif  sehingga diharapkan dengan pelatihan ini dapat dijadikan sebagai bekal mereka untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan setelah lulus Sekolah Menengah Atas. Beberapa faktor pendukung kegiatan tersebut antara lain: Para peserta pelatihan memiliki kemauan yang besar untuk mendapatkan informasi dan pengetahuan mengenai aplikasi perkantoran dengan menggunakan Microsoft Office seperti Word, Excel, dan Powerpoint. Selain itu kegiatan ini juga mendapat dukungan penuh oleh pengurus Panti Asuhan Rumah Impian. Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi pada saat Pelatihan Aplikasi Perkantoran menggunakan Microsoft Office ini diantaranya: (1) Adanya keterbatasan dalam jumlah laptop yang disediakan sehingga beberapa peserta menggunakan 1 laptop untuk berdua, (2) Laptop yang digunakan oleh peserta sebagian besar adalah sumbangan dari donatur yang berasal dari Negara Korea sehingga sedikit menyulitkan peserta karena bahasa yang digunakan dalam laptop adalah bahasa Korea. (3) Kegiatan pelatihan yang direncanakan berjalan 2 hari tidak dapat terealisasi dikarenakan jadwal yang bentrok antara jadwal anak – anak sekolah dan jadwal pemateri.
Zero-Shot Learning to Detect Object Instances from Unknown Image Sources
Authors:   Department of CSE, Comilla University, Cumilla - 3506, Bangladesh, Muzammel Chowdhury Shahriar , Chakraborty* Partha ,   Department of CSE, Comilla University, Cumilla - 3506, Bangladesh., Akram Md. Noweshed ,   Department of CSE, BAIUST, Cumilla Cantonment, Cumilla - 3506, Bangladesh., Ahammad Khalil ,   Department of CSE, Comilla University, Cumilla - 3506, Bangladesh., Mohibullah Mohammad ,   Department of CSE, Comilla University, Cumilla - 3506, Bangladesh.
Published: February 2020

Inspired by the human capability, zero-shot learning research has been approaches to detect object instances from unknown sources. Human brains are capable of making decisions for any unknown object from a given attributes. They can make relation between the unknown and unseen object just by having the description of them. If human brain is given enough attributes, they can assess about the object. Zero-shot learning aims to reach this capability of human brain. First, we consider a machine to detect unknown object with training examples. Zero-shot learning approaches to do this type of object detection where there are no training examples. Through the process, a machine can detect object instances from images without any training examples. In this paper, we develop a dynamic system which will be able to detect object instances from an image that it never seen before. Which means during the testing process the test image will completely unknown from trained images. The system will be able to detect completely unseen objects from some bounded region of given images using zero shot learning approach. We approach to detect object instances from unknown class, because there are lots of growing category in the world and the new categories are always emerging. It is not possible to limit objects in this fast-forwarding world. Again, collecting, annotating and training each category is impossible. So, zero-shot learning will reduce the complexity to detect unknown objects.
Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration using Cropwat For Kadam Watershed
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Maturi Venkata Subba Rao (MVSR) Engineering College, Hyderabad, India., Rao* Dr. G. Sreenivasa , Giridhar Dr. MVSS ,   CWR, IST, JNTUH, Hyderabad, India., Laxmi K. Venkata ,   Assistant Professor, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India., Mohan Shyama ,   RS, CWR JNTUH, Hyderabad, India.
Published: February 2020

Due to the overuse of available water resources, it has become very important to define appropriate strategies for planning and management of watershed. The objective for the study is determination of reference evapotranspiration using CROPWAT 8.0 software in GIS environment, which includes a simple water balance model and one of the main component part of the hydrologic cycle, which allows the simulation of crop water stress conditions and estimation of yield reductions based on well-established methodologies. This paper focused on the estimation of reference evapotranspiration using Cowpat 8.0 .
PRAGMATIC INDICATORS OF THE USE OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: RAKHIMOV Ganisher
Published: February 2020

he purpose of this article is a comparative study of pragmatic indicators of the use of English in the educational system of Uzbekistan. The article addresses sociolinguistic and pragmatic features of the use of the English language introduced in educational system of Uzbekistan. The English language operating in Uzbekistan is analyzed through the results of field studies as well as through comparative study of the institutional and legal-normative basis of the state of the English language in the national education system. In particular, the article describes an experiment conducted on the basis of methods proposed by Roger Brown and Albert Gilman among master students of different nationalities to determine their linguistic behavior in different social conditions settings, as well as to identify cultural values of discursive activity in the implementation of the self-assessment strategy. On the basis of the results, the author raises important issues of teaching English in Uzbekistan and describes the established policy of continuous education in the Republic, concerning English as a revolutionary language. In addition, the author of the article believes that the organization of English language teaching requires taking into account the sociolinguistic status of the language, socio-psychological neutrality towards it, comparative-pragmatic and functional indicators of activity.
Promuovere il dialogo sociale
Authors: Alacevich Franca
Published: February 2020

In a very timely study resulting from analysis and comparison, the author - professor of Work Sociology at the University of Florence - captures the effects of the European Community guidelines in promoting the inclusion of social partners in decision-making processes and in the implementation of labour policies. At the same time the study identifies the processes of exchange and comparison of experiences that are leading to the formation of social and work language shared by a large community of experts from governments and social forces.
Ivan Aleksandăr (1331-1371)
Authors: Alberti Alberto
Published: February 2020

The long reign of Ivan Aleksandăr (1331-1371), the penultimate emperor of Bulgaria prior to the Turkish conquest, was marked by a series of successful military campaigns against Serbia and Byzantium and above all by an intensive cultural production, largely fostered and funded by the sovereign himself. The central decades of the fourteenth century were of crucial importance for the later cultural evolution of Bulgaria and the whole of Orthodox Slovenia, despite which to date ample and exhaustive studies on the figure of Ivan Aleksandăr are lacking. There is, in effect, a considerable amount of information at disposal, although it is scattered over the literary sources, the colophons of the manuscripts, the epigraphic documentation and also, obviously, the official deeds promulgated by the Emperor. Through the analysis of this varied documentation, this book attempts to reconstruct the figure of the sovereign, the context in which he lived and worked, his greatness and his mistakes and his parallel activities as a strategist and an illuminated patron of the arts. For the first time, the Italian reader can find collected and translated all the manuscript sources relating to the Bulgarian sovereign. The book is completed by an appendix with the original texts of the Slavonic-ecclesiastical tradition.
Diaboliche, maledette e disperate
Authors: Corsi Dinora
Published: February 2020

In a time, ours, in which historiography prefers to measure itself with witchcraft as a judicial phenomenon, or with the men who personally led the persecution, or even with the demonological treatises that greatly influenced witch hunters, this book focuses instead on the victims. Women accused of witchcraft are the protagonists of the trials initiated between the late Middle Ages and the early modern age: that was the time when the great witch hunt was unleashed in Europe. The profiles of the alleged witches, even if drawn by their judges, emerge from these pages in all their changeability and drama: women that are reluctant to plead guilty to unspoken crimes, marked by stubborn silence, surrendered to the full confession of every wickedness extorted by torture.
La conquista del Caucaso nella letteratura russa dell’Ottocento
Authors: Magarotto Luigi
Published: February 2020

The author addresses the issue of the conquest of Caucasus at the hand of the Tsarist army, investigating the attitude held towards this event by three of the major authors of nineteenth-century Russian literature: Aleksandr Puškin (1799-1837), Mikhail Lermontov (1814-1841) and Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910), expressed through some of their most famous works. As for Puškin, the analysis touches the three main Southern Poems, as well as the account of his trip to Arzrum in 1829 on the Russian-Turkish war theatre, and the drama Boris Godunov, dedicated above all to the matter of power, in which however the will to create an empire imposes itself. The analysis of Lermontov’s works, in addition to the poem The novice, set in Georgia, is also about the short story Bela, which is part of the 'novel' A hero of our time. The short story was chosen for its clear display of the Russian officers’ attitude of contempt towards the indigenous Caucasians. The analysis of Tolstoy starts with the young author’s position in the 1850s, when he was a voluntary fighter in the Caucasus, as shown in the story The raid. Then, the analysis moves to the position of the 'mature' Tolstoy, a pacifist and anti-militarist, who expresses his ideas in the long story Hadji Murat.
The Changing New Zealand National Security Environment: New Threats, New Structures, and New Research
Authors: Hoverd William ,   Centre for Defence and Security Studies, Massey University
Published: February 2020

This article is intended to supply readers of this new journal an updated broad contextual understanding of the recent changes to the New Zealand national security context. The international and domestic contexts in which New Zealand’s national security are researched and operationalised have changed significantly since 2017. This article will review three areas of interest for the study of national security. It will discuss 1) the evolving national security context both global and local, 2) the changes to the New Zealand national security system, and 3) it will review recent New Zealand national security research. The article highlights a national security system and a corresponding field of study that in addition to all the business as usual, will increasingly be focused on continuing structural reform and the threats posed by terrorism, cybersecurity, biosecurity and climate change. The article notes that while the national security context has changed significantly since 2017, the related field of research has evolved much more slowly. It concludes by arguing that an important function of this new journal will be to start to address this disjunction.
Rehabilitación de la sordera unilateral con Cros-Baha
Authors: Carías-Rutz Juan Carlos , Häusler Rudolph
Published: February 2020

Objetivo del estudio: Evaluación del —audífono anclado a hueso— BAHA (Bone Anchored Hearing Aid) implantado en el lado hipoacúsico como rehabilitación transcraneal de ruteo contralateral de señales (CROS, Contralateral Routing of Signals) en pacientes con sordera unilateral. Pacientes y métodos: Entre 2001 a 2005, 23 pacientes con sordera unilateral han sido rehabilitados con CROS-BAHA. Con la finalidad de evaluar los resultados audiológicos, hemos realizado en 19 de estos pacientes mediciones audiométricas y logoaudiométricas a campo libre, en silencio y en ruido, con o sin su CROS-BAHA. La localización del sonido se midió con la determinación del ángulo mínimamente audible en el plano horizontal. La capacidad auditiva binaural fue evaluada determinando la diferencia mínimamente notable de tiempo e intensidad interaural con auriculares. El beneficio subjetivo en diferentes situaciones fue evaluado con un cuestionario. Resultados: La logoaudiometría en campo libre con CROS-BAHA mejoró en 5 dB comparado a la sin ayuda auditiva. Una significativa mejoría fue encontrada en la logoaudiometría con señal desde el lado sordo con supresión del efecto de sombra. Resultados variables fueron obtenidos en los exámenes en ruido y en las mediciones del ángulo mínimamente audible. No hubo rendimiento binaural en los exámenes de diferencia de tiempo e intensidad interaural con auriculares. En el cuestionario subjetivo, 18 de 19 pacientes estaban altamente satisfechos con el CROS-BAHA y lo utilizaban más de 8 horas diarias. Los pacientes indicaron una mejoría en la recepción de sonidos desde el lado sordo. También reportaron una mejoría general del entendimiento del sonido y la conversación en ambiente silencioso (17/19), en ruidoso (14/19) y en conversaciones de grupo (15/19). Ellos también tenían la impresión de una mejor localización del sonido (17/19). Conclusiones: De los 19 pacientes evaluados, 18 (95%) indicaron un beneficio subjetivo alto. Éste, fue parcialmente confirmado por los resultados audiológicos. Sin embargo, la localización del sonido no se mejoró; y tal como se esperaba en estos pacientes que tienen un solo oído funcional, no hubo una real capacidad auditiva binaural. En general, nuestro estudio confirma al CROS-BAHA como una terapia valiosa para la sordera unilateral.
Traqueostomías en niños - Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, octubre de 1999 a junio de 2003
Authors: Vélez Velásquez Isabel Cristina , Hernández Restrepo María Isabel , Hernández Sánchez Gabriel , Tobón Arredondo Gloria , Gelvez Rondón Natalia
Published: February 2020

Objetivos: describir características de las traqueostomías realizadas en niños, en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe de Medellín, Colombia y compararlo con la literatura mundial. Diseño: descriptivo retrospectivo. Métodos: se revisaron 38 historias de niños traqueostomizados, del 1 octubre de 2001 al 30 junio de 2003. Resultados: el 60,52% fueron varones; el 13,15% menores de 1 año y el 34,21% con edades entre 1 y 5 años. La principal causa de ingreso fueron enfermedades del sistema respiratorio (28,9%). La principal indicación fue la intubación prolongada (71,1%). No se presentaron complicaciones intraoperatorias ni en las primeras 24 horas. En la primera semana 14/38 (37%) pacientes presentaron alguna complicación siendo la complicación más frecuente la decanulación accidental. No se reportaron muertes como consecuencia del procedimiento. Conclusiones: la traqueotomía en niños es un procedimiento seguro, con baja morbimortalidad como lo muestra nuestro trabajo y la literatura mundial.
Inyección intratimpánica con metilprednisolona como terapia primaria en sordera súbita
Authors: Navarro Navarro Adriana Carolina , Barrera Chaparro Judith Patricia , Rincón Pérez Carlos Willian , Plaza Ruiz Adelaida
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta de la inyección intratimpánica (IIT) con Metilprednisolona como manejo primario en la Hipoacusia Neurosensorial Súbita Idiopática (HNSSI). Materiales y métodos: Estudio experimental en 16 pacientes y 17 oídos, con HNSSI sometidos a IIT con Metilprednisolona como terapia primaria. Se realizó una comparación estadística, posterior a la intervención. Se utilizó prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon y análisis de varianza de Kruskal – Wallis entre los valores de PTA y el porcentaje de discriminación con las variables de sexo, edad, tipo de curva y tiempo transcurrido hasta la consulta. Resultados: Mejoría global del 58,80%, cambios significativos para mejoría del PTA (p=0.01) y para porcentaje de discriminación (p=0.03). Influencia significativa en la recuperación del PTA dependiendo de la clasificación del grado de pérdida inicial (p=0.005), y de la clasificación del tipo de curva (p=0.039). En la discriminación, se encontró efecto significativo de la clasificación del grado de pérdida inicial (p = 0,004). Conclusión: Se demuestra utilidad de la IIT con Metilprednisolona en la sordera súbita como terapia primaria.
Reflujo faringolaríngeo, génesis o comorbilidad de roncopatía y síndrome de apnea hipopnea obstructiva de sueño
Authors: Saltos Cristiano Mariana , Labra Herrera Alberto , López Ugalde Adriana
Published: February 2020

Siendo el reflujo faringolaríngeo, roncopatía y síndrome de apnea hipopnea obstructiva de sueño (SHAOS) hoy día patologías frecuentes en la población general y objeto de remisión a la consulta otorrinolaringológica, ya sea como eventos aislados o bajo estado comórbido, se hace imperioso conocer su mecanismo de presentación, relación y ruta diagnóstico terapéutica, así pues se realiza una revisión de la literatura que aunado a la experiencia clínica ofrecen una perspectiva de las condiciones objeto de análisis bajo presentación concomitante, siendo necesario a futuro efectuar estudios prospectivos que determinen la eficacia cuantitativa de las medidas sugeridas.
Drenajes transtimpánicos: un nuevo punto de vista*
Authors: Sánchez-Jara Juan L. , Gavilanes Javier , Granell José , Martín Gonzalo , Herrero Javier
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la utilización de drenajes transtimpánicos en patología de oído medio, y comparar los de corta con los de larga duración. Diseño: realizamos un estudio observacional retrospectivo, mediante revisión de las historias clínicas de pacientes menores de 12 años, a los cuáles se les realizó miringocentesis, entre 2000 y 2002. Materiales y métodos: se emplearon dos tipos de tubos: diábolos, en T. Los datos se analizan mediante un modelo multivariante de regresión logística binaria, para controlar los términos de confusión e interacción en la aparición de recidiva de la patología de base. Resultados: el porcentaje de complicaciones es escaso. La edad de intervención se define como variable protectora de la aparición de recidiva de la otitis tras haber tenido colocado un drenaje. No encontramos significación estadística para el tipo de drenaje. Conclusiones e importancia clínica: planteamos el empleo de los tubos de larga duración como primera opción en niños sin factores de riesgo.
Cirugía de la otoesclerosis: estapedectomía y estapedotomía
Authors: Rivas José Antonio
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Caracterización de la experiencia quirúrgica reciente en el tratamiento de la otoesclerosis. Materiales y método: Revisión sistemática de la historia clínica de pacientes operados por el autor durante el período enero 2005 a diciembre 2009. Resultados: Desde enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2009 se realizaron 246 cirugías de estribo en 201 pacientes con diagnóstico de otoesclerosis en la Clínica Rivas de Bogotá, Colombia. 230 fueron procedimientos de primera intervención y 16 de revisión. Se realizaron 213 estapedotomías y 19 estapedectomías. Se reportan en 50 intervenciones (20,3%) complicación perioperatoria siendo en su mayor proporción las relacionadas con desgarro de la membrana timpánica o piel del conducto auditivo externo (CAE) (56%), luxación de la platina (26%) y otras causas 18%. Conclusiones: Se corrobora la tendencia de incidencia de otosclerosis en la población de mujeres y es aún mayor en los casos operados bilateralmente. La estapedotomía es el procedimiento de elección para la cirugía de la otosclerosis en nuestros pacientes. La estapedectomía total o parcial se realiza sólo en casos excepcionales. Importancia clínica: Consideraciones sobre la técnica quirúrgica. Accesibilidad a base de datos internacional de otología.
Carcinoma parotídeo de células claras
Authors: Sánchez Legaza Elena , Guerrero-Cauqui R. , Miranda J.I. , Murga C.
Published: February 2020

El carcinoma parotídeo de células claras es una neoplasia poco frecuente, con problemas de diagnóstico diferencial con una amplia variedad de tumores de las glándulas salivares, que contienen células claras, en mayor o menor proporción, como los tumores mixtos, mioepiteliomas, oncocitomas, carcinoma mucoepidermoide, carcinoma de células acinares, adenocarcinoma, polimorfo de bajo grado y carcinoma adenoide quístico. Es un carcinoma de bajo grado, localmente invasivo, siendo raras las metástasis a nivel de los ganglios linfáticos cervicales, y su pronóstico, en general, es bueno.
Timpanoplastia secundaria con tejido aerolar laxo y nutrición subdérmica
Authors: Ruiz Emelina A , González Eslait Francisco , Blanco Sarmiento Pedro
Published: February 2020

La timpanoplastia secundaria es un reto quirúrgico debido a que varios factores intervienen para obtener un resultado satisfactorio. Múltiples materiales han sido descritos para el cierre de las perforaciones timpánicas secundarias con tasas de éxito que oscilan en promedio del 93%. Los autores de este estudio describen una técnica quirúrgica que ha sido de gran utilidad en el Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia, para el cierre de perforaciones timpánicas secundarias con tejido areolar laxo. Este injerto posee una citoarquitectura ideal para integrarse al oído. Se reporta en esta serie una tasa de cierre de la perforación del 97% y una mejoría audiológica promedio de 21dB. Se considera que el mayor aporte vascular que se logra a través de la disección del ánulus posterior, colgajos mentales y timpánicos contribuyen de manera significativa a la viabilidad del injerto.
Comportamiento de Laringectomía total. Provincia Holguín 2004-2009
Authors: Reynaldo González María de los Ángeles , Pérez Fernández Julia , Álvarez Borges Francisco Emilio , Romero Mora María
Published: February 2020

Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo longitudinal, sobre el comportamiento de la laringectomía total y sus principales complicaciones en nuestro hospital durante 6 años. Existió un predominio del sexo masculino con 85,2% y en la década de 60-70 años, el 91,3% de los pacientes refirieron algún hábito tóxico, siendo los síntomas clínicos predominantes la Disfonía y Disnea con un 46,9%, el tiempo de evolución de los síntomas en la primera consulta fue de 7-9 meses para el 31,1%, el 60,5% de los pacientes tenían nódulos linfáticos cervicales en el momento del diagnóstico. La más temida de las complicaciones del paciente laringectomizado los faringostomas sólo se presentaron en un 3,7%, lo que representa un verdadero logro de la cirugía laríngea de nuestro trabajo.
Condrosarcoma mixoide de bajo grado en senos paranasales
Authors: Sepúlveda Rojas Carolina , Anguita Sánchez Inmaculada , Isorna Retami Inmaculada , Sánchez Gonzáles Francisco José , Martínez Sempere María
Published: February 2020

El condrosarcoma es un tumor maligno que raramente compromete los senos paranasales. Su crecimiento es lento pero muy agresivo localmente. El tratamiento de elección es la resección amplia en bloque para evitar la recidiva. Se reporta un caso de un condrosarcoma mixoide que compromete las cavidades paranasales en un niño quien fue tratado quirúrgicamente con un seguimiento de 5 años.
Patología benigna de laringe en docentes y cantantes
Authors: Tobar Bonilla Luz Nelly , Pérez P María Carolina , Camacho Jairo
Published: February 2020

La disfonía es uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuente en docentes y cantantes, quienes presentan un índice alto de patología de voz. Son muy pocos los estudios en nuestro medio acerca de la patología laríngea en la población descrita a pesar de conocerse su alta probabilidad de lesiones laríngeas. Objetivo: Describir las características estroboscópicas y factores de riesgo asociados en pacientes con abuso de voz (cantantes y docentes) que consultaron entre agosto de 2006 y noviembre de 2009 por disfonía crónica y se encontraron con lesiones benignas de laringe. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, de tipo retrospectivo. Resultados: 365 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, 302 docentes y 63 cantantes. Se describen la distribución de género, la frecuencia fundamental, los hallazgos glóticos la periodicidad, la simetría, onda mucosa y factores de riesgo asociados. Conclusión: La frecuencia de presentación de patología laríngea en pacientes con abuso vocal, en nuestro medio es muy alta. Encontramos cambios asociados a RGE y los nódulos vocales como principales diagnósticos en este grupo de pacientes. De igual manera es mayor la presencia de patología laríngea en personas con varios años de desarrollo de la profesión. Factores como exposición a polvo de tiza, cigarrillo, estrés, falta de educación vocal, periodos prolongados de sobreesfuerzo vocal, llevan a un aumento en la presentación de este tipo de patología.
Nasoangiofibroma juvenil: una revisión actualizada del diagnóstico, clasificación y tratamiento
Authors: Hernández Alarcón Víctor J , Hernández González Santiago
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Realizar una recopilación de datos acerca del nasoangiofibroma juvenil (NAF) permitiendo aclarar conceptos en cuanto al diagnóstico, clasificación y aproximación del manejo. Diseño: Revisión de la literatura. Método: Se recolectaron datos históricos, anatómicos, etiológicos, las múltiples clasificaciones adoptadas hasta el momento, los distintos tratamientos propuestos y las indicaciones sugeridas según la Rinología actual. Conclusiones: El NAF es un tumor de naturaleza benigna, ampliamente vascularizado, de comportamiento agresivo dada su propiedad de erosión y extensión, con pronóstico favorable cuando su diagnóstico y tratamiento es temprano. La embolización es un aspecto fundamental en el adecuado control vascular e intraquirúrgico de la lesión. El manejo endoscópico ha disminuido la morbilidad, la estancia hospitalaria y las complicaciones generadas por los abordajes externos. Ocasionalmente se requiere de abordajes quirúrgicos combinados o el uso de terapéuticas ablativas adicionales. El nasoangiofibroma juvenil requiere de un manejo interdisciplinario, pues plantea un reto diagnóstico, terapéutico intervencionista y quirúrgico.
Validación de una prueba diagnóstica: secuencia Fiesta de imágenes de resonancia nuclear magnética en schwannoma vestibular
Authors: Ordóñez Ordóñez Leonardo Elías , González Marín Néstor Ricardo , Tramontini Jens Carolina , Castaño Restrepo Nohora Eugenia
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la precisión diagnóstica de la resonancia nuclear magnética simple con secuencia Fiesta (RNM-Fiesta), comparada con la RNM contrastada con secuencia Fiesta en paralelo (RNM-Gd), para el diagnóstico de schwannoma vestibular (SV). Diseño: Estudio de precisión diagnóstica, fase-IIc. Métodos: Se estimó el desempeño de la RNM-Fiesta para el diagnóstico de SV, utilizando como prueba de oro la RNM-Gd. Se calcularon los indicadores diagnósticos en pacientes adultos con sospecha de SV, de un hospital de tercer nivel, entre agosto del 2010 y diciembre del 2011. Las imágenes fueron tomadas mediante un protocolo estandarizado y evaluadas de manera ciega e independiente por dos neurorradiólogos, usando asignación aleatoria de códigos para cada unidad de observación. La reproducibilidad de la evaluación se calculó con el índice KappaCohen de concordancia interevaluadores. Resultados: Se incluyeron 70 pacientes, de los cuales 21 presentaron SV y 49 sin SV. La sensibilidad de la RNM-Fiesta fue = 85,7% [IC 95% = 68,4%-100%], especificidad = 100% [IC 95% = 98,9%-100%], valor predictivo negativo = 94,2% [IC 95% = 86,9%-100%] y valor predictivo positivo = 100% [IC 95% = 97,2%- 100%]. La concordancia interevaluadores fue de 0,96 [IC 95% = 0,89-1,0] KappaCohen, p < 0,001. Conclusiones: La RNM-Fiesta es confiable como prueba diagnóstica inicial en pacientes con sospecha de SV.