bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Risk Score for Predicting Schizophrenia Using Human Chromosomal-Scale Length Variation.
Authors: Toh Christopher , Brody James P.
Published: March 2021

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a neurological disorder that often manifests itself as a combination of psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized cognitive functions. Several lines of evidence indicate that schizophrenia has a genetic component, however it cannot be isolated to a single gene. We set out to determine how well one could predict that a person will develop schizophrenia based on their germ line DNA.MethodsWe compared 1129 people from the UK Biobank dataset who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia to an equal number of age matched people drawn from the general UK Biobank population. For each person, we constructed a profile consisting of a sequence of numbers. Each number characterized the length of a segment of one of their chromosomes. We tested several machine learning algorithms using the h2o.ai framework to determine which was most effective in predicting schizophrenia. We also tested whether there was any improvement in prediction by breaking the chromosomes into smaller chunks. We used SHAP values to better understand features important to the predictive model.ResultsWe found that the stacked ensemble, a combination of four different machine learning algorithms, performed best with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.583 (95% CI 0.581-0.586). We noted an increase in the AUC by breaking the chromosomes into smaller chunks for analysis. Using SHAP values, we identified the X chromosome as the most important contributor to the predictive model. ConclusionWe conclude that germ line chromosomal scale length variation data can provide an effective genetic risk score for schizophrenia. Length variations of several regions of the X Chromosome are the greatest contributing factor.
Major Antigen Genotypes and Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Bordetella Pertussis Isolated in Shenzhen
Authors: Wu Shuang , Hu Qinghua , Yang Chao , Zhou Haijian , Chen Hongyu , Zhang Yanwei , Jiang Min , He Yuxiang , Shi Xiaolu
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAlthough the global epidemic of pertussis has been controlled through the expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), the incidence of pertussis has increased significantly in recent years, with a "resurgence" of pertussis occurring in developed countries with high immunization coverage. The incidence of pertussis in Shenzhen, was about 2.02/100,000, far exceeding that of the whole province and the whole country (both < 1/100,000). At the same time, more and more studies have shown that there is antigenic drift in Bortella pertussis, which may be associated with the increased incidence. 50 strains of Bordetella pertussis isolated from 387 suspected cases were collected in Shenzhen in 2018 for genotype distributions and molecular epidemiological characteristics analysis. MethodsThere were 387 suspected cases of pertussis enrolled at surveillance sites in Shenzhen from June to August 2018. Nasopharyngeal swabs of suspicious cases were collected for separation and culture, and the positive strains were identified by real-time PCR. The immunization histories of patients were analyzed to investigate the relationship between pertussis vaccination and infection. The major antigen genes of the isolated positive strains, including ptxA, ptxC, ptxP, prn, fim2, and fim3, were analyzed by second-generation sequencing. The homology and phylogenetic analysis of these genes was performed using the public genome sequence downloaded from GenBank. Results50 strains of Bordetella pertussis were successfully isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs of 387 suspected cases, with a positive rate of 12.9%, including 28 males and 22 females, accounting for 56.0% and 44.0% respectively. It is worth noting that 38 were under one-year-old among the positive patients, accounting for 76.0%. Among the cases with a history of vaccination, 71.4% of positive patients did not complete the basic vaccination process of the DTaP at the time of onset. Three major antigen genotypes different from CS and Tohama I vaccine strains were identified, and they had distant genetic relationships and 62.0% of which was prn2/ptxC2/ptxP3/ptxA1/fim3-1/fim2-1. ConclusionsThe positive rate of cases under one-year-old was significantly higher than that of other age groups and should be monitored. The major antigenic genes of the Bordetella pertussis strains isolated in Shenzhen were different from those of common vaccine strains. This study explained the resurgence of whooping cough from certain angles, including immunization strategy, vaccination time and genome variation of strains, which is beneficial to prevent pertussis infections.
A Potential Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Pituitary Glands and Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Gu Wei Ting , Zhou Fen , Xie Wan Qun , Wang Shuo , Yao Hong , Liu Yan Ting , Gao Ling , Wu Zhe Bao
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The effects of SARS-CoV-2 on normal pituitary glands function or pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) have not yet been elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the potential risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the impairment of pituitary glands and the development of PitNETs.Methods: PitNETs tissues were obtained from 114 patients, and normal pituitary gland tissues were obtained from the autopsy. The mRNA levels of ACE2 and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for ACE2 in 69 PitNETs and 3 normal pituitary glands. The primary tumor cells and pituitary cell lines (MMQ, GH3 and AtT-20/D16v-F2) were treated with diminazene aceturate (DIZE), an ACE2 agonist, with various dose regimens. The pituitary hormones between 43 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with 45 healthy controls.Results: Pituitary glands and the majority of PitNET tissues showed low/negative ACE2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, while AGTR1 showed high expression in normal pituitary and corticotroph adenomas. ACE2 agonist increased the secretion of ACTH in AtT-20/D16v-F2 cells through downregulating AGTR1. The level of serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients as compared to normal controls (p<0.001), but was dramatically decreased in critical cases as compared to non-critical patients (p=0.003).Conclusion: This study revealed a potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on corticotroph cells and adenomas.
Performance characterization and application of composite adsorbent LiCl@ACFF for moisture harvesting
Authors: Xie S. T. , Wang W. W. , Liu X. Y. , Pan Q. W.
Published: March 2021

Freshwater scarcity is a global threat for modern era of human society. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is prospective to provide fresh water for remote water-stressed areas lacking in water and electricity. Adsorbent material plays a vital role in such AWH systems. Here, we report a solid adsorbent synthesized by impregnating hygroscopic salt lithium chloride (LiCl) into solidified activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF modified by silica sol). Composite samples immersed with different mass concentration of silica sol are prepared and characterized for dynamic water uptake, equilibrium water uptake, textural and thermal properties. AS5Li30 (ACFF + 5 wt% silica gel + 30 wt% LiCl) exhibits an efficient water uptake of 2.1 g/g at 25°C and 70 % relative humidity (RH). The material further demonstrates a heating storage capacity of 5456 kJ/kg. Its low generation temperature (< 80°C) and good cycle stability make it feasible to be used in practical water generating applications driven by solar energy and other low-grade energy. Estimation results showed that water harvesting unit can produce 1.41 gH2O/g AS5Li30 under 25°C and 75 % RH.
Bioinformatics analysis of common differential genes of coronary artery disease and carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Song Luxia , Zhang Jie , Fan Yixuan , Liu Qiyu , Guan Baoyi , Xu Hao
Published: March 2021

Coronary artery disease(CAD) is one of the most fatal diseases in the world, which seriously threatens human health. Studies have demonstrated that the appearance of carotid plaque is related to the risk of CAD, but the common differential genes and mechanism between these two conditions are still unclear. Our study identified the common differential genes between carotid atherosclerosis tissues and blood samples of CAD patients, aiming to search promising biomarkers in CAD predicting and diagnosing. We obtain datasets of GSE100927 and GSE56885 from GENE EXPRESSION OMNIBUS (GEO) database. Through scanning their mutual differentially expressed genes(DEGs), we performed Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and PPI analysis to get hub genes between these two conditions. We found that both CAD blood samples and carotid atherosclerotic plaque tissues were related to immune response, inflammatory response and cell chemotaxis. Followed by PPI network construction, MCODE analysis found that 1 subnetwork, including CCR5, CCR2, CXCR4 and C5AR1, was extracted, which concerned as hub genes of the two datasets. Indicating that CCR5, CCR2, CXCR4 and C5AR1maybe potential candidate biomarkers for CAD prediction in patients with carotid plaques.
Differential Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages/Microglia Drives the Aggressiveness of Gliomas
Authors: Yao Nai-Wei , Lin Hsiu-Ting , Lin Ya-Lin , Geeviman Khamushavalli , Liao Fang , Chang Chen , Chen Jeou-Yuan
Published: March 2021

Background: Glioblastoma is the most aggressive subtype of brain tumors. The major component of tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma is tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are associated with enhanced malignancy of glioblastoma. The polarization of macrophages to the pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 subtypes governed by the context of tumor microenvironment may dictate the aggressiveness and outcome of glioblastoma. Given that the immune responses to tumors vary distinctively among individuals due to intrinsic, environmental and genetic factors and that TAMs display a high level of diversity and plasticity, we aimed to examine the effects of differential polarization of TAMs on the glioblastoma development by implanting C6 glioma into brains of Sprague–Dawley (SD) and Wistar rats; these two rats have different genetic background and host microenvironment during tumor development. Methods: Sprague–Dawley (SD) and Wistar rats were implanted with C6 glioma in the brain. The measurement of tumor volumes, tumor morphology and tumor growth in C6 glioma implanted brains were measured by multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Immunofluorescence staining was performed to analyze tumor angiogenesis and M1 and M2 TAMs in C6 gliomas. Results: By multi-parametric MRI measurement, C6 gliomas developed in the SD rats were characterized with enlarged tumors, accompanied with shorter animal survival. In comparison to the gliomas in Wistar rats, the accelerated tumor growth in SD rats was associated with greater extent of angiogenesis accompanied with higher levels of VEGF/VEGFR2. In support, C6 gliomas in SD rats were filtrated with TAMs characterized with a higher M2/M1 ratio, in contrast to the TAMs of a high M1/M2 ratio in Wistar rats. Attempts were made to shift the M2/M1 balance. Administration of the cytokine IFN-γ that induces M1 TAMs to SD rats greatly suppressed glioma formation, accompanied with a remarkable increase of M1 TAMs. Administration of the cytokines IL-4 plus IL-10 that induces M2 TAMs significantly promoted glioma growth in the Wistar rats, associated with an increase in the M2 TAMs. Conclusions: These results demonstrate an important role of TAMs in glioma pathogenesis and the crucial role of microenvironment in dictating the polarization of TAMs, suggesting that targeting or repolarization of TAMs may serve as an effective intervention for gliomas.
Identification of a Novel Biomarker Based Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Gene Expression for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Authors: Kunadirek Pattapon , Ariyachet Chaiyaboot , Sriphoosanap Supachaya , Pinjaroen Nutcha , Sirichindakul Boonchoo , Nookaew Intawat , Chuaypen Natthaya , Tangkijvanich Pisit
Published: March 2021

Novel and sensitive biomarkers is highly required for early detection and predicting prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated transcription profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 8 patients with HCC and PBMCs from co-culture model with HCC using RNA-Sequencing. These transcription profiles were cross compared with published microarray datasets of PBMCs in HCC to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of commonly identified of 24 DEGs among these data were proposed as cancer-induced genes in PBMCs, including 18 upregulated and 6 downregulated DEGs. The KEGG pathway showed that these enriched genes were mainly associated with immune responses. Five up-regulated candidate genes including BHLHE40, AREG, SOCS1, CCL5, and DDIT4 were selected and further validated in PBMCs of 100 patients with HBV-related HCC, 100 patients with chronic HBV infection and 100 healthy controls. Based on ROC analysis, BHLHE40 and DDIT4 displayed better diagnostic performance than alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in discriminating HCC from controls. Additionally, BHLHE40 and DDIT4 had high sensitivity for detecting AFP-negative and early-stage HCC. BHLHE40 was also emerged as an independent prognostic factor of overall survival of HCC. Together, our study indicated that BHLHE40 in PBMCs could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HBV-related HCC.
Immunotherapies for Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: Multicenter Retrospective Pediatric Cohort Study in China
Authors: Guang Shiqi , Ma Jiannan , Ren Xiaotun , Zhou Shuizhen , Yang Jian , Zhang Jianzhao , Cao Xiaoshuang , Zhong Linxiu , Ding Xiao , Wang Xiaosu , Ren Changhong , Zhang Weihua , Zhang Linmei , Zhang Min , Sun Jing , Kessi Miriam , Yin Fei , Peng Jing , Jiang Yuwu
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis has been discovered and termed more than a decade, but the establishment of standardized immunotherapy protocol for pediatric patients still needs more clinical evidence. To help move this forward, we investigated the current status of immunotherapies for pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis in 6 tertiary medical centers across China and evaluated how different immunotherapy strategies affected patient outcomes.MethodsA multicenter, retrospective study was conducted on pediatric patients diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis between November 2011 and December 2018. The clinical records including clinical manifestations, immunotherapy strategies, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Treatment response and outcome were evaluated using mRS. Outcomes among the treatment groups were analyzed with the Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test. p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 386 patients were included in our study and the median onset age was 7.89 (range 0.5-18) years. All patients received first-line immunotherapy and the majority (341, 88.3%) used the standard combination of methylprednisolone pulses and intravenous immunoglobulins, but 211 patients did not show satisfactory improvement (mRS ≥ 3). Mainly three treatment strategies were applied after first-line immunotherapy: second-line immunotherapy, repetitive first-line immunotherapy, and maintaining oral prednisolone. For patients with mRS ≥ 4 after first-line immunotherapy, the incidence of poor outcome (mRS ≥ 3) in oral prednisolone group was higher than that in other treatment groups (0.025 < p < 0.05). No difference in complete recovery rate (mRS = 0) was found between patients receiving second-line and repetitive first-line immunotherapy, or patients using long-term and short-term prednisolone. The relapse rate of oral prednisolone group was higher than that of other treatment groups (p < 0.01), but the relapse rate of patients using long-term and short-term prednisolone had no statistical difference. ConclusionsFor patients with mRS ≥ 4 after first-line immunotherapy, second-line immunotherapy is recommended. When second-line immunotherapy is not applicable, repetitive first-line immunotherapy can be considered as an option. Both second-line and repetitive first-line immunotherapy are beneficial to reduce relapse rate. The duration of sequential oral prednisolone can be shortened after fully evaluating patients’ conditions.
Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: Findings from the E3N cohort study
Authors: Amadou Amina , Praud Delphine , Coudon Thomas , Danjou Aurélie M N , Faure Elodie , Deygas Floriane , Grassot Lény , Leffondré Karen , Severi Gianluca , Salizzoni Pietro , Mancini Francesca Romana , Fervers Béatrice
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Molecular and cellular studies reported a role of cadmium in risk of advanced breast cancer (BC). However epidemiological evidence is limited. Our previous study suggests that cadmium might be related to a decreased risk of ER- and ER-PR- breast tumors. In this study, we further explored the association between long-term exposure to airborne cadmium and risk of BC by stage, grade of differentiation, and histological types at diagnosis.
Methods
A nested case-control study of 4,401 cases and 4,401 matched controls was conducted within the French E3N cohort. A Geographic Information System (GIS) based metric was employed to evaluate outdoor airborne exposure to cadmium. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models.
Results
There was no statistically significant association between cadmium exposure and stage of BC in the multivariable analyses. The adjusted ORs for the fifth versus first quintile were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.83–1.25), 1.11 (95% CI: 0.84–1.49), and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.37–1.24) for stages I, II, and III-IV BC, respectively. The subgroup analyses showed no statistically significant association between cadmium exposure and grade of differentiation of BC at diagnosis. However, further analyses by histological type suggested a positive dose-response association between cadmium and risk of invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC) BC (OR for the fifth versus first quintile = 3.44 (95% CI: 1.10–10.7)).
Conclusions
Our results do not support the hypothesis that airborne cadmium exposure may have a role in advanced BC risk, but suggest that cadmium may be associated with an increased risk of ITC. However, these results should be considered with caution, and more epidemiological studies are needed to confirm our findings and to improve our understanding of the effects of cadmium exposure according to several clinic-pathological characteristics of BC.
Spatial differentiation of comprehensive suitability sustainable development for urban human settlements based on GIS：A case study of Liaoning Province, China
Authors: Guan Yingying , Li Xueming , Li Songbo , Tian Shenzhen
Published: March 2021

The comprehensive suitability of regional human settlements is of great significance to the development and spatial distribution of regional human settlements and regional social and economic development. In this study, based on the traditional evaluation of the natural suitability of the human settlements, this study adds humanistic indicators to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of the human settlements in Liaoning, China. In particular, we sought to uncover the spatial differentiation law of the comprehensive suitability of these settlements and its correlations with population density and GDP density, provide a theoretical basis for urban human settlements planning and governance. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) the natural suitability index in Liaoning Province presents the law of longitudinal spatial differentiation from northeast to southwest, which follows the direction of the mountains; (2) the highest to lowest humanistic suitability indexes were as follows: the central, eastern, and western regions; (3) the highest to lowest spatial differentiations of the comprehensive suitability of the human settlements were as follows: the central and coastal, eastern, and western regions;(4) the spatial distribution of population–economy density in Liaoning Province was basically consistent with the spatial distribution of the comprehensive suitability index of human settlements, The population economy is concentrated in the areas with the best and moderate human settlements. Ultimately, we found that the distributions of population–economy and human settlement suitability were relatively coordinated and that highly suitable land was already fully utilized.
Advancement of Natural Compounds as Anti-rheumatoid Arthritis
Agents: A Focus on Their Mechanism of Actions
Authors: Yu Huanghe , Qiu Yixing , Tasneem Shumaila , Daniyal Muhammad , Li Bin , Cai Xiong , Atta-ur Rahman  , Wang Wei
Published: March 2021

:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of
inflammatory cells, synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation and bone destruction. RA is associated
with high incidence of disability worldwide. Although several anti-RA agents are available in the
market, clinical use of these drugs is limited due to their severe side effects. Several studies are currently
exploring new anti-rheumatic drugs which are more effective and have fewer side effects. Notably,
natural products with anti-RA effect have been identified and studies have reported the underlying
molecular mechanisms of action of the novel and known compounds. This review explored naturally
occurring known and novel compounds that have anti-RA activity. Further, the compounds are
classified based on their molecular mechanisms of action as anti-RA agents. In addition, the safety of
compounds from natural sources is compared with that of conventional drugs. In addition, clinical
trials for anti-RA compounds isolated from natural plant sources were summarized in this manuscript.
“Bibliotecas privadas en los últimos 70 años de la Colonia”. La circulación de las ideas: bibliotecas particulares en una época revolucionaria. Nueva España 1750-1819
Authors: Meneses Tello Felipe
Published: March 2021

Reseña de:Gómez Álvarez, Cristina. La circulación de las ideas: bibliotecas particulares en una época revolucionaria. Nueva España, 1750-1819. México; Madrid: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras / Trama Editorial, 2018, 190 pp. + Catálogo de bibliotecas particulares. Nueva España, 1750-1819 en CD-ROM. ISBN: 978-607-30-1097-9.
Arte, coleccionismo y decoración: la revista Diseño. Sugerencias para Vivir Mejor (1969-1975)
Authors: Solano Rojas Aldo
Published: March 2021

Diseño. Sugerencias para Vivir Mejor fue una revista de decoración e interiorismo en México; fundada por Guillermo Mendizábal, acogió a estudiantes recién egresados de las carreras de diseño y arquitectura en pleno contexto político de la Guerra Sucia, además de fungir como instrumento de articulación entre los diferentes integrantes del mundo del arte. Coleccionistas, galeristas, anticuarios, artistas, diseñadores industriales, fotógrafos y otros agentes de la escena cultural tuvieron como punto de encuentro esta revista, la cual bebió directamente de otros referentes extranjeros. Este texto rastrea la manera de coleccionar, la vida cotidiana y los agentes clave del mundo del arte de principios de 1970, así como su participación en la publicación. Presenta la historia de la revista, sus secciones más relevantes y el papel de su editor fundador, al tiempo que la propone como fuente valiosa para la historia del arte y la historiografía.
“Reflexiones en torno al arte de la tipografía”. Signos, letras y tipografías en América Latina. Aproximaciones interdisciplinarias a la escritura y el diseño de textos
Authors: Manrique César , Mercado Francisco , Henestrosa Cristóbal
Published: March 2021

Reseña de:Garone Gravier, Marina, comp. Signos, letras y tipografías en América Latina. Aproximaciones interdisciplinarias a la escritura y el diseño de textos. Espiral. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Artes y Diseño, 2019, 360 pp. ISBN: 978-607-30-2288-0.
"Biografía coral del panamericanismo". The Dinner at Gonfarone's. Salomón de la Selva and His Pan-American Project in Nueva York, 1915-1919
Authors: Ruiz Rodilla Álvaro
Published: March 2021

Reseña de:Hulme, Peter. The Dinner at Gonfarone's. Salomón de la Selva and His Pan-American Project in Nueva York, 1915-1919. American Tropics. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2019, 416 pp., il. ISBN: 978-1-78694-200-5.
VELHICE FEMININA E ALTERIDADE EM NARRATIVAS ORAIS DA MATINTAPERERA
Authors: Ramos Andressa De Jesus Araújo , Oliveira Rubenil Da Silva , Simões Maria Do Perpétuo Socorro Galvão
Published: March 2021

A velhice é, para Boclin (2003), uma categoria que recentemente ganhou maior ganhou maior notoriedade social. Embora muitos pesquisadores tenham estudado essa população, a imagem do velho e, principalmente, da velha sofre preconceitos e estereótipos resultantes da carência de informação e publicação. Contudo, as narrativas orais da Matintaperera, recolhidas pelo “O Imaginário nas Formas Narrativas Orais da Amazônia Paraense” (IFNOPAP) revelaram nova tradução da velhice feminina, não carregada de estereótipos, mas de novidade, contemporaneidade e liberdade. Este artigo tem como objetivo geral compreender a velhice feminina a partir da noção de alteridade em narrativas orais da Matintaperera, recolhidas pelo IFNOPAP. O referencial teórico traz Beauvoir (2018), Goldenberg (2017), Zimerman (2007) e Debert (1994). Portanto, esta pesquisa contribuirá aos estudos da velhice, articulada a noção de alteridade, pois assim como Beauvoir (2018) consideramos que a senescência não é uma realidade fixa, mas o produto de um alongamento de um processo.
NARRADORES EM CONFLITO NOS CONTOS AMAZÔNICOS DE INGLÊS DE SOUSA: UMA LEITURA NARRATOLÓGICA
Authors: Queiroz José Francisco Da Silva
Published: March 2021

A obra ficcional de Herculano Marcos Inglês de Sousa tem sido lida a partir da perspectiva mimética platônica: a “imitação da realidade”. Os trabalhos acadêmicos interpretativos têm focalizado, sem atentar para a natureza ficcional das narrativas inglesianas, o material sociológico e político em detrimento da invenção ficcional. Para além dessas referências interpretativas, propomos uma investigação narratológica que reafirma a invenção fictícia dos Contos Amazônicos (1893), por meio das categorias do tipo de narrador e a presença do destinatário fictício (SCHMID, 2010). Considerando essas ferramentas teóricas, afirmamos outra posição mimética que, segundo Aristóteles, explora tanto sua capacidade de “representação da realidade” quanto o caráter “cognitivo da ficção”. O mundo amazônico presente na obra literária inglesiana poderá assim assumir completa autonomia como “mundo narrado” e artefato estético dispensando a identificação com a história e superando a fronteira entre a narrativa factual e a narrativa ficcional (DOLEZEL, 1998).
NARRATIVAS DO TEMPO DA NOITE: A LITERATURA DE TESTEMUNHO EM PEDRO TIERRA
Authors: Silva Luiza Helena Oliveira da
Published: March 2021

Este artigo analisa o livro de contos “Pesadelo: narrativas dos anos de chumbo”, de Pedro Tierra (2019). Inscrevendo-o na categoria da literatura de testemunho, partimos de seus textos para pensar a produção do sentido em torno do acontecimento, considerando sua apreensão pelos estudos da semiótica tensiva. Ao acontecimento reunimos a resistência do campo literário que se faz pela memória e pela denúncia do presente vivido como contínuo a precarizar a emergência do sentido.
“Estou sozinha no mundo!”: terrores femininos em “Preciosidade” (1960), de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Araujo dos Santos Ana Paula
Published: March 2021

No presente trabalho, propomos uma análise do conto “Preciosidade”, publicado na antologia Laços de Família (1960), de Clarice Lispector. Nossa hipótese é a de que, ao retratar o assédio sofrido por uma jovem estudante no caminho de volta para a casa, Lispector tenha dado continuidade, no século XX, às temáticas relacionadas aos terrores e horrores que ameaçam o feminino. Dessa forma, pretendemos não apenas adicionar uma nova perspectiva de análise à obra de uma escritora já bastante reconhecida, mas, principalmente, entender como os horrores femininos foram ficcionalizados na literatura brasileira do século XX.
NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS, UM ROMANCE GÓTICO ?
Authors: Silva-Reis Dennys
Published: March 2021

Este texto tem por objetivo argumentar que o romance Notre-Dame de Paris (1831) do escritor francês Victor Hugo (1802-1885) pode ser considerado um romance gótico. Com esta finalidade, faz-se uma explicação do que é a arte gótica; em seguida, mostram-se os postulados de tentativa de definição da tipologia romanesca gótica; por fim, analisam-se alguns aspectos do romance hugoano pelo prisma do goticismo literário. Almeja-se, assim, oportunizar uma visão outra do romance oitocentista, para além do prisma do romantismo literário e oferecer mais uma análise desse romance canônico para a fortuna crítica dos Estudos Góticos e dos Estudos Hugoanos atuais.
Editorial
Authors: Mittmann Solange
Published: March 2021

Configurações discursivas nas e sobre as Amazônias
Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns for Childhood infections in Ambulatory Settings
Authors: Al-Shatnawi Samah , Alhusban Sanabel , Altawalbeh Shoroq , Khasawneh Rawand
Published: March 2021

Background: Antibiotics’ rational prescribing is a major goal of the
World Health Organization’s (WHO) global action-plan to tackle
antimicrobial resistance. Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing patterns
is necessary to guide simple, globally applicable stewardship
interventions. The impact of antimicrobial resistance is devastating,
especially in low-income countries. We aimed to introduce ambulatory
data on patterns of pediatric antibiotic prescribing in Jordan, which
could be used to guide local stewardship interventions. Methods: A
cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted by selecting a random
sample of pediatric patients, who attended ambulatory settings in 2018.
Records of outpatients (age 18 years) receiving at least one antibiotic
were included. The WHO’s model of drug utilization was applied, and all
prescribing indicators were included. Multiple linear regression was
performed to examine factors influencing the ratio of prescribed
antibiotics to overall medications per encounter. Results: A total of
20,494 prescriptions, containing 45,241 prescribed drugs, were obtained.
Average number of prescribed drugs per prescription was (2.21  0.98).
77.5% of overall ambulatory prescriptions accounted for antimicrobials.
Only 0.6% of total prescriptions were for injectables. All
antimicrobials (100%) were prescribed by generic-names and from
essential drug list. Antibiotics were most commonly prescribed for
respiratory tract infections. Age, gender, season, and facility type
were significant predictors of prescribed antibiotics to overall
medications ratio. Conclusions: This is the first study of antibiotic
prescribing patterns among outpatient pediatrics that covers wide
regions in Jordan. Results indicate high rates of antibiotics use among
outpatient pediatrics. Such findings necessitate more focused efforts
and regulations that support rational utilization of drugs.
Hydrological Evaluation of Satellite and Reanalysis-based Rainfall Estimates Over the Upper Tekeze Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Reda Kidane , Liu Xingcai , Haile Gebremedhin , Sun Siao , Tang Qiuhong
Published: March 2021

Spatial rainfall data is an essential input to physically based,
parametrically distributed hydrological models, and a main contributor
to hydrological model uncertainty. Two important issues should be
addressed before use of satellite and reanalysis rainfall product at
basin level: 1) how useful are these rainfall estimates as forcing data
for regional hydrological modeling? 2) which should be preferred for
hydrological modelling at high flow and low flow seasons? To this end,
rainfall estimates from a satellite-based product, CHIRPSv8, and
reanalysis data, EWEMBI, were used as input to SWAT model, and mode
performances were evaluated against streamflow measured at three gauge
stations in the Upper Tekeze River basin, northern Ethiopia for the
period of 2006-2015. Results showed that (I) the daily rainfall from
both CHIRPSv8 and EWEMBI are close to the rain gauge data, with relative
errors 2.12% and 3.85%, respectively; (II) the monthly streamflow
simulated by the SWAT model driven by the CHIRPSv8 and EWEMBI had a
Kling-Gupta Efficiency value of 0.6-0.79 and 0.58-0.64, respectively;
(III) the SWAT model calibrated with the CHIRPSv8 and EWEMBI rainfall
estimates has shown an improvement in hydrological performance compared
with that calibrated with interpolated ground observations; (IV) the
hydrological performance during high flow seasons is superior to low
flow seasons for both CHIRPSv8 and EWEMBI, thus promoting the use of the
products for applications focusing on the high flow conditions. In
particular, CHIRPSv8 showed relatively better hydrologic performance
than EWEMBI. This study provides insight on the usefulness of the
gridded rainfall products for hydrological modeling and under which
conditions they can be used to generate a plausible level of adequacy
and reliability over the Upper Tekeze River basin.
Membranous septal aneurysm in a child with Noonan syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: ARUNAKUMAR PRIYADARSHINI , MK Usha , S RAMYA , M Jayaranganath
Published: March 2021

A four year old boy was diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with
moderate degree of obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract,
secondary to asymmetric septal hypertrophy and no features of congestive
heart failure, at the age of the 7 months. He was also found to have
myxomatous mitral valve, systolic anterior motion of anterior mitral
leaflet and moderate mitral regurgitation. There was no evidence of
ventricular septal defect at this point in time.In view of phenotypic
features suggestive of Noonan syndrome, he underwent genetic evaluation
with target gene sequencing and was detected to have a novel
heterozygous mutation in exon 13 of LZTR 1 (Leucine- zipper-like
transcriptional regulator 1) gene. Echocardiogram on follow up showed
increase in left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and appearance of
an aneurysm in the membranous portion of interventricular septum. There
were no features of right ventricular outflow obstruction, tricuspid
regurgitation or aortic regurgitation. The appearance of the membranous
septal aneurysm may be related to the direction of jet arising from the
point of contact of the anterior mitral leaflet with the hypertrophied
basal septum and hitting this part of the interventricular septum. It is
an unusual mechanism for formation of membranous septal aneurysm, given
its absence in the earlier echocardiograms and absence of any left to
right shunt across the aneurysm. He has been initiated on beta blockers
due to severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and is planned
for septal myomectomy, resection of membranous septal aneurysm and
mitral valve repair.
Advanced technologies for processing liquid waste of galurgical productions
Authors:   A. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems NAS of Ukraine, Mykhaylenko Volodymyr , Yurchenko Valentyna ,   Kharkov National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Antonov Oleksiy ,   A. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems NAS of Ukraine, Lukianova Olha ,   A. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems NAS of Ukraine, Gil Zinaida ,   A. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems NAS of Ukraine
Published: March 2021

The accumulation of highly mineralized waters and brines in the mining-industrial regions of Ukraine carry a threat of salt pollution of underground and surface water sources. Low-waste processing of these waters is prevented by iron compounds, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur-containing organic compounds. The process of accumulation of iron compounds in brines and groundwater in the presence of hydrogen sulfide has been studied. Comparative calculations of the thermodynamic potentials of the corresponding reactions have been carried out. The calculation results are confirmed by experiments on model solutions and brine of the Dombrovsky quarry. To remove iron compounds from brines and other highly mineralized waters, it is proposed to use electrolysis with inert anodes. It was found that 99.9% of iron compounds pass into the precipitate of iron hydroxide (III). At the same time, the overwhelming amount of heavy metals also passes into the sediment.
From the Present to the Future: N.Ya. Danilevsky’s Image of the Future of Russia
Authors: Zheltikova Inga V. 
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the prognostic component of N.Ya. Danilevsky’s book «Russia and Europe». The article analyzes Danilevsky’s reflections on the past, present and future of Russia. Two images of Russia’s future are identified – positive and negative. The positive image of the future is associated with the formation of the Slavic cultural and historical type. The negative image describes the tragic consequences of imitating European culture. The author of the article examines the features of the specific pictures of Russia’s future and their dependence on social processes, which Danilevsky witnessed and participated in. Comparison of biographical information and significant events in the history of the country that occurred in the time of Danilevsky and his generation, allows us to draw conclusions about the factors that affect the formation of the future individual image.
Russian Culture as Alternative to Global and European Continental Culture in the Context of the Civilizational Approach and “Ideology” and “Post-ideology” Phenomena
Authors: Skipin Nikolay S.
Published: March 2021

The article offers a concise analysis of three cultures (global (Anglo-American), European continental and Russian) in the context of the civilizational approach and such phenomena as ideology (national-wide) and post-ideology. The author gives the analysis of the metamorphosis of ideology into post-ideology, as well as their connection to the concept of “cultural code”. He explains how in the course of the transition from ideology to post-ideology, there happens the “rise from the depths of culture” of the values that have not changed since pre-political times, and constitute the cultural code. He also explains why, when ideology is transformed into post-ideology, the “death of the ideologue” occurs and some values and rights become “natural”. The differences between the three cultures under consideration are shown by the example of some traits-values, and the intermediate (buffer) state of the European continental culture in relation to the global and Russian culture. The author suggests to study the “cultural code” using sociological and political science tools, as well as philosophical analysis of texts. The manifestation of the cultural code is associated with the response of its carriers to an external challenge - a situation.
N.Ya. Danilevsky as Art Critic
Authors: Darenskiy Vitaliy Yu.
Published: March 2021

The article considers the aesthetic concept of N.Ya. Danilevsky. The specifics of Russian artistic thinking, revealing a special type of world experience, according to the analysis of N.Ya. Danilevsky, are as follows. 1) Russian art mainly reflects the processes of personal transformation and moral processes in a person. It’s natural, since this is also the essential content of Russian history, and art is the embodiment of the historical experience of the people in a personally expressed form. 2) The special “Russian style” in art is the highest possible realism and noble simplicity of form, combined with the most subtle spiritual movements in a person; this combination is especially difficult for art, and therefore constitutes special Russian achievement, akin to the art of Antiquity. 3) Russian art is conciliar, i.e. it is always the expression of personal experience rather than individual (in contrast to individual experience, personal experience is based on the principle of responsiveness and responsibility for others). 4) Russian art in its highest manifestations is “iconic”, i.e., it is focused on the Evangelical ideal of Holiness and sacrifice, while maintaining continuity with religious art. These four aspects of Russian art in the work of N.Ya. Danilevsky are shown as essential features of our cultural and historical type.
Effect of Eight-Week Training Programme on V02 Max and Body Composition
Authors: SOH Kim Geok , HUSAIN Ruby
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of the study was to determine the maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max) and the body fat content in Malaysian national junior netball players and the impact of an eight-week aerobic and strength-training programme on these two variables. A total of 21 netball players (mean age of 16.12±1.55 years old) from Bukit Jalil Sports School were the subjects used. The 12-minute Run was used to determine the V02 max while the body composition was calculated using the skinfold method. Pre-test and post-test results showed significant improvement in the V02 max and body fat content among the netball players. The Z value for the V02 max test was -3.25 (p
Discussion on Exercise Adherence
Authors: CHUNG Pak Kwong
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.
Almost everyone would agree that regular physical activity is good for mind, body, and spirit. Why then is it so difficult for many people to commit to an exercise programme? Dishman (1982) stated that 50% of the individuals who begin an exercise programme discontinue it within 6 months. This 6-months period is critical to a continuing programme that encourages an active lifestyle. The participants' reasons for dropping out of programmes are many, such as the time is not right, the place is inconvenient, family and work responsibilities interfere, the exercise programme is too hard or no fun etc. Health and fitness professionals must examine all the factors of individual differences to plan programmes for adherence.
Effects of Camp Adventure Programs on Improving Self-concept of Youth Participants in Hong Kong
Authors: WONG Eric Wing Kin , LOUIE Lobo Hung Tak
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of camp adventure programs on improving the self-concept of youth participants with a view to providing management reference to enhance the value, quality and quantity of camp services in Hong Kong. A total of 339 respondents, aged from 12 to 25, answered the questionnaires. A thorough discussion has been made in accordance with the present findings on the following aspects: (a) the effects of camp adventure programs on improving different domains of self-concept of youth participants; and (b) to explore any possible factors and components that might contribute to the identified effects.本文旨在探討本港營地歷奇活動對改善青少年自我觀念的影響，並從管理學層面提供建設性意見，盼望能夠提升營舍服務的質素及價值。共有339名年齡12至25歲回答了問卷，本文給予讀者詳細的討論，包括如何改善青少年自我觀念及其相關之因素。
Effect of Sport Education on Secondary Six Students' Learning Interest and Collaboration in Football Lessons
Authors: CHAN Ka Lun , CRUZ Alberto
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.Sport education has attracted attention and interest from physical educators recently. This study aimed at examining the effects of sport education on secondary six students' learning interest and collaboration in football lessons. Participants were 28 male students and they were taught in nine double football lessons with sport education model. Students were grouped into teams and assigned with different roles playing as specified in the model. Data were collected by using the participant observation, classroom videotape recording, student reflective logs, individual and group interviews as to understand the learning process and the students' perceptions on the model within the lessons. Data collected were analyzed by employing the analytic induction and constant comparison method. Results indicated that there were positive effects on students' learning interests and collaboration under this teaching model. Results were discussed in the following aspects: (1) students' participation within lessons, (2) how students' learning interest generated under this model, (3) how to develop collaboration of the team members, and (4) how to develop collaboration of different roles taking in the teams. The results hold implications for the physical education teachers and teacher educators of implementation and promotion of the model.本研究旨在探討運動敎育模式對二十八位中六男生之足球學習興趣與協作能力影響。透過參與式觀察、課堂錄影、學生個人反思報吿、個別角色及團隊訪談，了解學生學習過程及對此模式之感受及意見。學生接受運動敎育後，其學習興趣及協作能力均有正面影響。結果討論如下：一、學生參與運動情況；二、運動敎育對學習興趣的影響；三、如何影響隊員間協作能力；四、如何影響不同角色間協作能力。研究結果對體育敎師及師資培訓者有重要啟示。
Efficacy of a Motorized Mechanical Oscillator in Abdominal Fat, Weight, and Waist Circumference Reduction - Two Case Studies
Authors: ANG Chloe , KOH Teik Hin
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The importance of reducing health risk associated with high abdominal fat is frequently emphasized. Consequently, in Singapore, we have witnessed good sales on motorized mechanical oscillators touted to induce slimming based on the principles of acupressure. However, to date, no study has been done to evaluate the efficacy of such equipment. This pilot study aims to examine the efficacy of motorized mechanical oscillators in reducing waist circumference, weight and abdominal fat percentage over 4 weeks as well as augment the data on acupressure for weight reduction. Two male subjects, one mildly overweight and the other severely overweight, were recruited. They were required to keep to their existing lifestyles and dietary habits and were instructed to wear the oscillator belt for 30 minutes each time, twice a day, as per instructions given in the manual. The machine was operated using the automatic mode. The results show a slight decrease in total body fat % ascertained by DEXA scans. There was also a reduction in waist circumference and an increase in lean mass in the trunk area in both subjects. Specifically, one participant (mildly overweight) lost 1.2% of total body fat, and 0.7cm on the waist girth but gained 1 kg of lean trunk mass. The other participant (severely overweight), although having lost only 0.2% of total body fat and 1.3cm on the waist girth, lost 1.7 kg in total body weight. He also gained in trunk lean mass that resulted in trunk fat reduction of 0.4%. There appears to be some success in such treatment modality particularly with regard to reducing abdominal fat. Certainly, more work needs to be done and future studies are being considered that will involve bigger sample sizes.調查顯示腹部脂肪的累積能引起健康危害，因此減少腹部脂肪的重要性需要廣泛重視的。在新加坡，瘦身產品如動力化的機械擺動瘦身帶都獲得非常好的銷售額。此瘦身帶是以穴位理療原理為依據而設計開發的。可是至今，這類產品的瘦身效果還沒得到科學證明。這項中間試驗的目的是研究在超過4個星期的時間裏，這類瘦身帶對減少腰圍，體重和腹部脂肪的百分數效果；同時也希望增添用穴位理療原理在減肥方面的資料。在二位男性患者當中，一位屬於輕微超重，而另一位屬於嚴重超重。在這項中間試驗調查中，二位患者接受了為期四周的治療療程。療程包括每日使用本瘦身帶二次，一次療程三十分鐘。除此以外，患者需要保持原本的生活方式和飲食習慣。並遵循指導手冊方法操作。此瘦身帶的操作是採用自動化的方法。由DEXA結果顯示二位元患者的脂肪都有顯微的下降，腰圍也有所減小，並且腹部的肌肉有明顯的增加。其中一位患者(輕微肥胖者)的脂肪減少了1.2%，腰圍減少了0.7公分，而肌肉增加了1公斤。第二位患者的身體脂肪減少了0.2%，腰圍減少了 1.3公分，體重也減輕了1.7公斤。同時肌肉也增加了，這使到他的腹部的脂肪減少了0.4%。由此可見，這類瘦身方法對減少腹部脂肪似乎有效。所以，這方面的調查和研究需要更多的工作。接下來希望進行更廣泛，更大規模的研究。