bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre a ideia de dramatização em Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Damasceno Veronica Miranda
Published: September 2014

Este artigo visa introduzir a noção de dramatização em Gilles Deleuze. Trata-se da subversão das clássicas perguntas metafísicas que justificam as essências e as idéias. Uma distribuição de diferenças determina a atualização das idéias. O método de dramatização envolve processos de diferenciação. Diferenças internas, relativas a blocos de espaço-tempo criam condições para os conceitos. Um campo intensivo e diferencial de forças faz emergir um teatro especial de virtualidades e uma expressividade das idéias. A realidade não é dada, mas dramatizada por forças não individuais e subjetividades larvares. O método de dramatização está aquém do conhecimento e até mesmo de toda consolidação que a filosofia ganha com os conceitos. O artigo procurará ainda indicar os vínculos da dramatização com os mundos incompossíveis de Leibniz e com o cinema de David Lynch.
Gilles Deleuze e a Questão da Técnica
Authors: Craia Eladio
Published: September 2014

O texto aborda em termos gerais a problemática da técnica contemporânea, tomando como ponto de partida o diagnóstico de Martin Heidegger. O horizonte principal da análise será aberto pela pergunta entorno do estatuto ontológico da Técnica, a partir dos conceitos oferecidos pela ontologia do "virtual" de Gilles Deleuze, expondo por esta via o deslocamento decisivo que o filósofo francês opera com relação à leitura heideggeriana. Neste sentido, a questão nevrálgica passa por considerar, desde a filosofia deleuziana, este universo técnico, não como homogêneo e determinado por uma unidade endógena, mas como multiplicidade auto-diferenciada. A noção de virtual é a peça central, em chave ontológica, para pensar a Técnica como produção que opera pela atualização singular de um campo virtual animado internamente pela Diferença. O trabalho verifica como com Deleuze é possível afirmar que a tecnologia nada acaba, encerra, ou enclausura, uma vez que ela se agencia em variadas configurações sempre diferenciadas.
Deleuze, Merleau-Ponty e os desafios da diferença
Authors: Ramos Silvana Souza
Published: September 2014

Que significa fazer uma filosofia da diferença? Como é possível captar o movimento singular de algo, sem subordiná-lo a categorias universais, sem submetê-lo aos limites da identidade e da representação? Ademais, como podemos capturar a experiência de nós mesmos sem reduzi-la à expressão de faculdades desde sempre prontas para agir sob a unidade sintética de um eu ou, ainda, sem espacializar a densidade criadora que a permeia? Certamente, essas questões ditam o norte do pensamento de Deleuze, embora já estivessem de algum modo presentes na filosofia de Merleau-Ponty, sugerindo direções pouco exploradas pelo autor de Diferença e repetição. Afinal, enquanto Merleau-Ponty pretende desvelar o caráter originariamente não-intelectual das ligações produzidas no interior da experiência, Deleuze busca dar dignidade ontológica à diferença tomada em si mesma. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma reflexão sobre o lugar concedido à diferença nos dois filósofos no intuito de compreender alguns dos desafios enfrentados por um pensamente que recusa se submeter ao império da identidade.
Da sintomatologia à análise dos agenciamentos: a instância problemática de uma "filosofia clínica" em Deleuze
Authors: Blanc Guillaume Sibertin
Published: September 2014

A hipótese que propomos aqui defende que o dispositivo do "médico da civilização" montado em 1962 pela leitura que Deleuze faz de Nietzsche, longe de poder ser generalizado como tal (como se a sequência da obra deleuziana não fosse senão a sua aplicação diferenciada ou mesmo a sua continuação por outros meios), somente age nessa sequencia por força de um deslocamento da enunciação deleuziana em relação à instância da filosofia clínica que ele define. E que, por essa razão, a figura do filósofo como médico da civilização permite melhor problematizar algumas dificuldades que a tarefa de uma sintomatologia dos modos coletivos de existência encontra. Ao tomar esta tarefa a sério, eu diria, finalmente, que o deslocamento do dispositivo nietzschiano em relação ao encontro com Guattari e ao Anti-Édipo encontra um ponto de resolução, ou pelo menos coerência e equilíbrio, na determinação de uma prática analítica sui generis, a mesma que Guattari designa "esquizo-análise" e, mais especificamente, no conceito de agenciamento que, de Anti-Édipo a Mil Platôs, vai suportar cada vez mais claramente suas coordenadas próprias.
Como seria ver como um ser humano?
Authors: Bimbenet Etienne
Published: September 2014

Perguntaremos aqui "como seria ver como um ser humano". Tal questão é difícil, pois recuando um passo em relação à percepção e considerando que ela pode não ser o  que  é, essa  questão  vai  de  encontro  àquilo  que  é  comumente considerado  como  a "atitude natural". Merleau-Ponty articulou esta relativização da visão humana e seu realismo espontâneo  de  duas  maneiras  diferentes.  Em  primeiro lugar,  há  o  que  poderia  ser chamado a "via da finitude". Ela consiste em assumir o ponto de vista de parte alguma para a percepção, o ponto de vista de um espírito sem ligações mundanas. Poder-se-ia dizer então, como Merleau-Ponty não pára de dizer, que perceber não é ver de parte alguma, eque sempre percebemos a partir de algum lugar, em um corpo finito, e não do ponto de vista de deus. Nossa origem animal, contudo, oferece uma segunda maneira completamente diferente de frustar o dogmatismo da fé perceptiva. Essa é a via adotada por Merleau-Ponty em A estrutura do comportamento, onde muito naturalmente ele é levado a interrogar o que distingue a percepção animal da percepção humana. Sua resposta é valiosa: ver como um ser humano significa ser capaz de "multiplicidade perspectiva". Apreender tal conceito e encarar a visão humana como plural e como excesso, apenas é possível para quem abandonou o ponto de vista de parte alguma e decidiu filosofar começando pelo animal.
Por que Voltaire se tornou newtoniano? Por que refletir sobre as ciências
Authors: Le ru Véronique
Published: September 2014

Meu intuito é tecer algumas considerações sobre a descoberta e relação de Voltaire com o newtonianismo, e a partir daí refletir de maneira mais geral sobre as possibilidades da aproximação entre filosofia e ciência.
Solar cycle and diurnal dependence of auroral structures
Authors: Partamies N. , Whiter D. , Syrjäsuo M. , Kauristie K.
Published: September 2014

In order to facilitate usage of optical data in space climate studies, we have developed an automated algorithm to quantify the complexity of auroral structures as they appear in ground‐based all‐sky images. The image analysis is based on a computationally determined “arciness” value, which describes how arc like the auroral structures in the image are. With this new automatic method we have analyzed the type of aurora in about 1 million images of green aurora (λ = 557.7nm) captured at five camera stations in Finnish and Swedish Lapland in 1996–2007. We found that highly arc like structures can be observed in any time sector and their portion of the auroral structures varies much less than the fraction of more complex forms. The diurnal distribution of arciness is in agreement with an earlier study with high arc occurrence rate in the evening hours and steadily decreasing toward the late morning hours. The evolution of less arc‐like auroral structures is more dependent on the level of geomagnetic activity and solar cycle than the occurrence of arcs. The median arciness is higher during the years close to the solar minimum than during the rest of the solar cycle. Unlike earlier proposed, the occurrence rate of both arcs and more complex auroral structures increases toward the solar maximum and decreases toward the solar minimum. The cyclic behavior of auroral structures seen in our data is much more systematic and clear than previously reported visual studies suggest. The continuous arciness index describing the complexity of auroral structures can improve our understanding on auroral morphology beyond the few commonly accepted structure classes, such as arcs, patches, and omega bands. Arciness can further be used to study the relationship of auroral structures at different complexity levels and magnetospheric dynamics.
Relating soil specific surface area, water film thickness, and water vapor adsorption
Authors: Leão Tairone Paiva , Tuller Markus
Published: September 2014

Estimation of soil specific surface area (SSA) and dry‐end water vapor adsorption are important for porous media characterization and for prediction of water and vapor fluxes in arid environments. The objective of the presented study was to model water adsorption, film thickness, and SSA based on the t‐curve theory originally developed for N2 adsorption. Data from 21 source soils with clay contents ranging from 0.6 to 52.2% were used to estimate specific surface area based on water retention, a t‐curve type method, the linear prediction method, and a simplified monolayer method. The water retention and the t‐curve methods were found to be mathematically analogous and were among the most accurate with regard to correlation coefficient (r = 0.97) and root‐mean‐square error (RMSE = 11.36 × 103 m2/kg) when compared to measurements obtained with the standard ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) method. The corrected t‐curve method significantly overestimated SSA when compared to EGME data. Comparison of all considered methods with N2‐BET (BET) measurements disclosed lower correlation coefficients. For soil studies, the vapor adsorption in conjunction with the t‐curve or water retention methods should be preferred for SSA estimation as they show much higher correlation with soil clay content and EGME measurements.
The role of pressure gradients in driving sunward magnetosheath flows and magnetopause motion
Authors: Archer M. O. , Turner D. L. , Eastwood J. P. , Horbury T. S. , Schwartz S. J.
Published: September 2014

While pressure balance can predict how far the magnetopause will move in response to an upstream pressure change, it cannot determine how fast the transient response will be. Using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), we present multipoint observations revealing, for the first time, strong (thermal + magnetic) pressure gradients in the magnetosheath due to a foreshock transient, most likely a hot flow anomaly, which decreased the total pressure upstream of the bow shock. By converting the spacecraft time series into a spatial picture, we quantitatively show that these pressure gradients caused the observed acceleration of the plasma, resulting in fast sunward magnetosheath flows ahead of a localized outward distortion of the magnetopause. The acceleration of the magnetosheath plasma was fast enough to keep the peak of the magnetopause bulge at approximately the equilibrium position, i.e., in pressure balance. Therefore, we show that pressure gradients in the magnetosheath due to transient changes in the total pressure upstream can directly drive anomalous flows and in turn are important in transmitting information from the bow shock to the magnetopause.
Money and age in schools: Bullying and power imbalances
Authors: Chaux Enrique , Castellanos Melisa
Published: September 2014

School bullying continues to be a serious problem around the world. Thus, it seems crucial to clearly identify the risk factors associated with being a victim or a bully. The current study focused in particular on the role that age and socio‐economic differences between classmates could play on bullying. Logistic and multilevel analyses were conducted using data from 53,316 5th and 9th grade students from a representative sample of public and private Colombian schools. Higher age and better family socio‐economic conditions than classmates were risk factors associated with being a bully, while younger age and poorer socio‐economic conditions than classmates were associated with being a victim of bullying. Coming from authoritarian families or violent neighborhoods, and supporting beliefs legitimizing aggression, were also associated with bullying and victimization. Empathy was negatively associated with being a bully, and in some cases positively associated with being a victim. The results highlight the need to take into account possible sources of power imbalances, such as age and socio‐economic differences among classmates, when seeking to prevent bullying. In particular, interventions focused on peer group dynamics might contribute to avoid power imbalances or to prevent power imbalances from becoming power abuse. Aggr. Behav. 41:280–293, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transitions From Formal Education to the Workplace
Authors: Olson Joann S.
Published: September 2014

This chapter frames the transition to adulthood in the context of the moving from formal educational settings to the often less‐structured learning that occurs in workplace settings. Although schooling may end, learning continues.
The generation of hydroxyl radicals by hydrogen peroxide decomposition on FeOCl/SBA‐15 catalysts for phenol degradation
Authors: Yang Xue‐jing , Tian Peng‐fei , Zhang Xiao‐man , Yu Xin , Wu Ting , Xu Jing , Han Yi‐fan
Published: September 2014

Iron oxychloride (FeOCl) supported on mesoporous silica (SBA‐15), as a Fenton‐like solid catalyst for phenol degradation, showed supreme activity for production of hydroxyl radical (HO·) by H2O2 decomposition, and the generation capacity was comparable to the conventional Fenton reagent (Fe2++H2O2). The structure of FeOCl was characterized with spectroscopies. The generation of HO· species during the reaction was detected using 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline N‐oxide trapped electron paramagnetic resonance. Furthermore, the kinetics in detail was driven for the creation and diffusion of HO· by H2O2 decomposition over FeOCl, which follows a first‐order rate through a two‐step reaction. With the combination of the catalyst structure and kinetic parameters, the plausible mechanism for H2O2 decomposition during the oxidative degradation of phenol was rationalized. As a Fenton‐like solid catalyst, FeOCl/SBA‐15 is a promising alternative for the removal of low‐level organic contaminates from water. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 166–176, 2015
The vomeronasal organ of Lemur catta
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Muchlinski Magdalena N. , Bhatnagar Kunwar P. , Durham Emily L. , Bonar Christopher J. , Burrows Anne M.
Published: September 2014

The vomeronasal organ (VNO), also known as the Jacobson's organ, is a bilateral chemosensory organ found at the base of the nasal cavity specialized for the detection of higher‐molecular weight (non‐volatile) chemostimuli. It has been linked to pheromone detection. The VNO has been well studied in nocturnal lemurs and lorises, but poorly studied in diurnal/cathemeral species despite the large repertoire of olfactory behaviors noted in species such as Lemur catta. Here, the VNO and associated structures were studied microanatomically in one adult female and one adult male L. catta. Traditional and immunohistochemical procedures demonstrate the VNO epithelium consists of multiple rows of sensory neurons. Immunoreactivity to Growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP43) indicates the VNO is postnatally neurogenic. In volume, the VNO neuroepithelium scales similarly to palatal length compared to nocturnal strepsirrhines. Numerous taste buds present at the oral opening to the nasopalatine duct, with which the VNO communicates, provide an additional (or alternative) explanation for the flehmen behavior that has been observed in this species. The VNO of L. catta is shown to be microanatomically comparable to that of nocturnal strepsirrhines. Like nocturnal strepsirrhines, the VNO of L. catta may be functional in the reception of high‐molecular weight secretions. Am. J. Primatol. 77:229–238, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Übrig bleibt, was übrig bleiben soll. Zur Konstruktion von Biografien durch Nachlässe
Authors: Füßl Wilhelm
Published: September 2014

What Remains Is What Should Remain: Using Estates to Construct Biographies. Estates play a major role in historical research, especially biographic research, for they supplement the official writings surrounding the individual view of a historical figure. But they nonetheless reflect only a small part of the scientific and private activities of a researcher. Moreover, before being handed over to an archive, they are also often filtered by the researchers themselves, by family members, and/or by successors to the historical figure’s post. The history of an estate is thus of great importance to research. With an eye to the estates of natural scientists, the present text uses a concept of estates that includes not only the surviving texts but also artifacts with which the scientists worked. The focus will be on three physicists – Ernst Mach, Walther Gerlach, and Philipp Lenard – in order to investigate the significance of these objects for their respective biographies and for the history of physics.
Amino acid and glucose metabolism in fed‐batch CHO cell culture affects antibody production and glycosylation
Authors: Fan Yuzhou , Jimenez Del Val Ioscani , Müller Christian , Wagtberg Sen Jette , Rasmussen Søren Kofoed , Kontoravdi Cleo , Weilguny Dietmar , Andersen Mikael Rørdam
Published: September 2014

Fed‐batch Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture is the most commonly used process for IgG production in the biopharmaceutical industry. Amino acid and glucose consumption, cell growth, metabolism, antibody titer, and N‐glycosylation patterns are always the major concerns during upstream process optimization, especially media optimization. Gaining knowledge on their interrelations could provide insight for obtaining higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer and better controlling glycosylation‐related product quality. In this work, different fed‐batch processes with two chemically defined proprietary media and feeds were studied using two IgG‐producing cell lines. Our results indicate that the balance of glucose and amino acid concentration in the culture is important for cell growth, IgG titer and N‐glycosylation. Accordingly, the ideal fate of glucose and amino acids in the culture could be mainly towards energy and recombinant product, respectively. Accumulation of by‐products such as NH4+ and lactate as a consequence of unbalanced nutrient supply to cell activities inhibits cell growth. The levels of Leu and Arg in the culture, which relate to cell growth and IgG productivity, need to be well controlled. Amino acids with the highest consumption rates correlate with the most abundant amino acids present in the produced IgG, and thus require sufficient availability during culture. Case‐by‐case analysis is necessary for understanding the effect of media and process optimization on glycosylation. We found that in certain cases the presence of Man5 glycan can be linked to limitation of UDP‐GlcNAc biosynthesis as a result of insufficient extracellular Gln. However, under different culture conditions, high Man5 levels can also result from low α‐1,3‐mannosyl‐glycoprotein 2‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnTI) and UDP‐GlcNAc transporter activities, which may be attributed to high level of in the cell culture. Furthermore, galactosylation of the mAb Fc glycans was found to be limited by UDP‐Gal biosynthesis, which was observed to be both cell line and cultivation condition‐dependent. Extracellular glucose and glutamine concentrations and uptake rates were positively correlated with intracellular UDP‐Gal availability. All these findings are important for optimization of fed‐batch culture for improving IgG production and directing glycosylation quality. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 521–535. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
State‐Level Reforms That Support College‐Level Program Changes in North Carolina
Authors: Bowling R. Edward , Morrissey Sharon , Fouts George M.
Published: September 2014

This chapter describes the concurrent reforms occurring in North Carolina—both campus‐level changes focused on such issues as developing structured programs of study and state‐level reforms aimed at supporting the campus efforts.
Nitro Promoters for Selectivity Control in the Core Hydrogenation of Toluidines: Controlling Adsorption on Catalyst Surfaces
Authors: Gebauer‐Henke Ewa , Tomkins Patrick , Leitner Walter , Müller Thomas E.
Published: September 2014

The diastereoselectivity in the hydrogenation of multi‐substituted aromatic ring systems was used as a sensitive tool to gain molecular‐level insight into the reaction pathways on the surface of ruthenium. Here, the hydrogenation of para‐, meta‐, and ortho‐toluidine was studied in detail. The chemoselectivity towards primary or secondary amines depends primarily on the choice of the metal; notably, nitro compounds such as NaNO2 are highly effective promoters for ruthenium catalysts, which significantly increase the chemoselectivity towards primary amines as well as catalytic activity. Lower activation energy and altered diastereoselectivity indicate that in the presence of nitro additives, the substrate molecules are adsorbed in a coordination mode favourable for the hydrogenation of the aromatic ring.
First Enantioselective Catalytic Wittig Reaction
Authors: Werner Thomas , Hoffmann Marcel , Deshmukh Sunetra
Published: September 2014

Herein we present the first catalytic enantioselective Wittig reaction. Chiral mono‐ and diphosphines were employed as catalysts for the desymmetrization of a prochiral ketone. The reaction was performed under microwave dielectric heating as well as under conventional heating. Selected catalysts led to moderate to good yields and enantioselectivities. In the presence of (+)‐1,2‐bis[(2S,5S)‐2,5‐dimethylphospholano]benzene [(S,S)‐Me‐DuPhos], an enantiomeric excess of up to 90 % was obtained.
Small heterodimer partner/neuronal PAS domain protein 2 axis regulates the oscillation of liver lipid metabolism
Authors: Lee Sang Min , Zhang Yuxia , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Smalling Rana , Jetten Anton M. , Wang Li
Published: September 2014

In mammals, circadian rhythms are essential for coordinating the timing of various metabolic processes. The Clock gene regulates diurnal plasma triglyceride fluctuation through nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (Shp; Nr0b2). Given that SHP is a critical regulator of metabolism in the liver, it is unknown whether SHP is necessary to coordinate metabolism and circadian rhythms. S
hp

+/

+

and S
hp

−/−

mice on a C57BL/6 background (n = 3‐5/group) were fed a standard chow diet and water ad libitum. Serum and livers were collected at zeitgeber time 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22. In vivo and in vitro assays included RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, very‐low‐density lipoprotein production, adenovirus overexpression and small interfering RNA knockdown, serum parameters, circadian locomotor activity, Oil Red O staining, transient transfection, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, gel‐shift assay, coimmunoprecipitation, and western blottings. Shp deficiency had a robust global impact on major liver metabolic genes. Several components of the liver clock, including peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ, coactivator 1 (Pgc‐1α), neuronal PAS domain‐containing protein 2 (Npas2), and retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor (Ror)α/γ were sharply induced in Shp−
/
−
liver. At the molecular level, SHP inhibited Npas2 gene transcription and promoter activity through interaction with Rorγ to repress Rorγ transactivation and by interacting with Rev‐erbα to enhance its inhibition of Rorα activity. Conversely, Npas2 controlled the circadian rhythm of Shp expression by binding rhythmically to the Shp promoter, which was enhanced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, but not nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Phenotypically, Npas2 deficiency induced severe steatosis in Shp−
/
−
mice, which was attributed to the dysregulation of lipoprotein metabolism. Conclusion: Shp and Npas2 crosstalk is essential to maintain hepatic lipid homeostasis. (Hepatology 2015;61:497‐505)
FoxK2 is Required for Cellular Proliferation and Survival
Authors: van der Heide Lars P , Wijchers Patrick J.E.C , von Oerthel Lars , Burbach J. Peter H , Hoekman Marco F.M , Smidt Marten P
Published: September 2014

FoxK2 is a forkhead transcription factor expressed ubiquitously in the developing murine central nervous system. Here we investigated the role of FoxK2 in vitro and focused on proliferation and cellular survival. Knockdown of FoxK2 results in a decrease in BrdU incorporation and H3 phosphorylation, suggesting attenuation of proliferation. In the absence of growth factors, FoxK2 knockdown results in a dramatic increase in caspase 3 activity and propidium iodide positive cells, indicative of cell death. Additionally, knockdown of FoxK2 results in an increase in the mRNA of Gadd45α, Gadd45γ, as well as an increase in the phosphorylation of the mTOR dependent kinase p70S6K. Rapamycin treatment completely blocked the increase in p70S6K and synergistically potentiated the decrease in H3 phosphorylation upon FoxK2 knockdown. To gain more insight into the proapoptotic effects upon FoxK2 knockdown we screened for changes in Bcl2 genes. Upon FoxK2 knockdown both Puma and Noxa were significantly upregulated. Both genes were not inhibited by rapamycin treatment, instead rapamycin increased Noxa mRNA. FoxK2 requirement in cellular survival is further emphasized by the fact that resistance to TGFβ‐induced cell death was greatly diminished after FoxK2 knockdown. Overall our data suggest FoxK2 is required for proliferation and survival, that mTOR is part of a feedback loop partly compensating for FoxK2 loss, possibly by upregulating Gadd45s, whereas cell death upon FoxK2 loss is induced in a Bcl2 dependent manner via Puma and Noxa. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1013–1023, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
Language‐based diversity and faultlines in organizations
Authors: Kulkarni Mukta
Published: September 2014

Language‐based diversity is a relatively understudied area within diversity research. Drawing upon the social identity‐based fault lines literature, the present paper describes the effects of language‐based diversity within organizations operating in India. Interview‐based findings indicate that organizationally mandated languages are occasionally disregarded by employees in both national and multinational organizations. Respondents noted how even benign and momentary language switching can lead to the formation of language‐based groups and cause negative consequences such as feelings of being devalued. Respondents also noted strategies that let them attenuate negative effects of multilingualism while simultaneously leveraging its benefits. Overall, the present study indicates that momentary exclusion based on incomprehensible language, when experienced on a daily basis, may have a far‐reaching influence on individual and team functioning. Findings thus point to language use as a trigger that can activate social identity‐based fault lines. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Higher‐order finite volume element methods based on Barlow points for one‐dimensional elliptic and parabolic problems
Authors: Yang Min
Published: September 2014

The article is devoted to a kind of higher‐order finite volume element methods, where the dual partitions are constructed by Barlow points, for elliptic and parabolic problems in one space dimension. Techniques to derive the stability and to control the nonsymmetry are presented. Superconvergence and the optimal order errors in the H1‐ and L2‐norms are obtained. Numerical results illustrate the theoretical findings. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 977–994, 2015
Multirate sliding mode disturbance compensation for model predictive control
Authors: Raimondo D. M. , Rubagotti M. , Jones C. N. , Magni L. , Ferrara A. , Morari M.
Published: September 2014

In this paper, a novel hierarchical multirate control scheme for nonlinear discrete‐time systems is presented, consisting of a robust nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) and a multirate sliding mode disturbance compensator (MSMDC). The proposed MSMDC acts at a faster rate than the NMPC in order to keep the system as close as possible to the nominal trajectory predicted by NMPC despite model uncertainties and external disturbances. The a priori disturbance compensation turns out to be very useful in order to improve the robustness of the NMPC controller. A dynamic input allocation between MSMDC and NMPC allows to maximize the benefits of the proposed scheme that unites the advantages of sliding mode control (strong reduction of matched disturbances, low computational burden) to those of NMPC (optimality, constraints handling). Sufficient conditions required to guarantee input‐to‐state stability and constraints satisfaction by the overall scheme are also provided. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying a core set of science teaching practices: A delphi expert panel approach
Authors: Kloser Matthew
Published: September 2014

The Framework for K‐12 Science Education details ambitious goals for students' learning of science content and practices. However, this document provides science teachers little guidance about instructional practices that are central to helping students achieve these goals. Research indicates that a teacher's instructional practice can impact student interest and achievement more than advanced degrees or teaching experience and thus, identifying a core set of science teaching practices may be one key to improving science education. Based on a practice‐based theory of teaching, this study used a panel of expert science teachers and university faculty to identify a set of core science teaching practices. The Delphi methodology used in this study engaged the expert panel in three anonymous and iterative rounds of voting and justification of science teaching practices. Nine of the fifty‐one suggested practices met the pre‐determined consensus criteria. Three major themes emerged from the results. First, a majority of practices, like “Engaging Students in Investigations” and “Facilitating Classroom Discourse,” promote an interactive and dialogic science classroom. Second, the discussion among panel members across the three rounds indicates the need to develop a more common language and understanding of science teaching practice. Third, the panel highlighted the important role that on‐going assessment plays in science teaching with practices like “Eliciting, Using, and Assessing Student Thinking about Science” and “Providing Feedback.” This study lays the groundwork for the further decomposition of these core teaching practices and provides the foundation for further empirical research on how these practices are learned and executed by teachers, and their impact on student learning. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 1185–1217, 2014
Copper, Zinc, Lead Ores – their Exploitation and Metal Extraction by the Ancients in the Northwestern India
Authors: Gandhi S. M.
Published: September 2014

India has a rich and impressive heritage in the production and use of base and precious metals. The presence of extensive ancient mine workings and debris, enormous heaps of slags and retorts, ruins of temples and townships of the major mining centres of modern India, bear mute testimony to the art of exploitative and extractive processes in vogue in the early period. The Aravalli range, trending NE-SW, in northwest India, hosts about 80% of the known base metal deposits and 95% of the zinc-lead resources of India. The ancient workings extend to considerable depths, the deepest being at 250 m below surface, which is perhaps the greatest ever achieved by miners in the ancient world. Radiocarbon dating of the materials /artifacts recovered, indicated that many of the mines in Aravalli belt were worked as far back as 400 BC and certainly flourished in the medieval period. The exploitative and quite sophisticated extraction processes of base metals and silver, practiced by the ancients in various areas of this belt are described.

Detailed literary evidences of finding different ores, exploitative and extraction techniques practiced by the ancients from Vedic to post-Vedic Sanskrit texts and the archaeo-metallurgical evidences are described. The investigations showed that there are no analogies in the world for smelting processes in general and zinc, in particular, practiced by the ancient metal workers, in this part of the world.
Composition and mode of occurrence of minerals in Late Permian coals from Zhenxiong County, northeastern Yunnan, China
Authors: Li Tian , Dai Shi-Feng , Zou Jian-Hua , Zhang Sen , Tian He-Hing , Zhao Li-Xin
Published: September 2014

Minerals in the Late Permian coals from the Niuchang-Yigu mining area, Zhenxiong County, northeastern Yunnan, China, were investigated using optical microscopy and low temperature ashing plus X-ray diffraction (LTA + XRD). The results showed that minerals in the coal LTAs are mainly quartz, kaolinite, chamosite, mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S), pyrite, and calcite, with trace amounts of marcasite, dolomite, and bassanite. The authigenic quartz generally occurs in collodetrinite or as a filling in cleats or cell cavities. This silica was mainly derived from aqueous solutions produced by the weathering of basaltic rocks in the Kangdian Upland and from hydrothermal fluids. The presence of β-quartz paramorph grains in collodetrinite probably indicates that these grains were detrital and came from a volcanic ash. Clay minerals are generally embedded in collodetrinite and occur as cell-fillings. Pyrite occurs as framboidal, anhedral, and euhedral grains and a cell-filling. The coals are high in pyrite and the high pyrite content probably results from seawater invading during the stage of peat accumulation. Calcite generally occurs as vein-fillings, indicating an epigenetic origin.
Design and Feasibility of a Hatha Yoga Intervention for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Burns Tammy L. , Mayer Amy E. , Washington-Krauth Shavonne M. , Walters Ryan W. , Arouni Amy J.
Published: September 2014

Introduction:Effective interventions for smoking cessation are critically needed. Yoga has only begun to be evaluated for smoking cessation.

Aims:The primary aim was to assess participant satisfaction and perceived benefit of Hatha yoga. Secondary aims were to test evaluation tools, recruitment and retention techniques, and to generate preliminary effect size for a randomized trial.

Methods:This was a non-randomized, single-group, pilot study. Thirty-one participants entered the study and received group behavioural therapy followed by 30 minutes of Hatha yoga instruction. Participant satisfaction was assessed at the conclusion of eight sessions. Point prevalence smoking abstinence was assessed at the end of the intervention period.

Results:Participants were 36% male with an average age of 47 years (range 22–72) and a mean of 12.7 ± 5.6 cigarettes per day. Mean duration of smoking was 26.1 ± 15 years. Participant satisfaction was very high (88% very satisfied). Smoking abstinence at the end of the intervention was 29%.

Conclusions:Hatha yoga is acceptable and feasible to aid in smoking cessation. A regimen that includes breathing, postures, and meditation has been developed for testing in a randomized trial.
Antitakeover Provisions and Shareholder Wealth: A Survey of the Literature
Authors: Straska Miroslava , Waller H. Gregory
Published: September 2014

We survey theoretical and empirical research on antitakeover provisions, focusing on the relation between antitakeover provisions and shareholder value. We divide the empirical studies based upon the evidence that they provide: short-term event studies, studies on performance and policy changes around adopting antitakeover provisions or passing state antitakeover laws, studies on the impact of antitakeover provisions on takeovers, studies on the relation between antitakeover provisions and firm characteristics, and long-term studies on the relation between antitakeover provisions and firm performance or policies. We also discuss the place of antitakeover provisions in the current debate about “good governance” practices.
Divine hiddenness and special revelation
Authors: DUMSDAY TRAVIS
Published: September 2014

Next to the problem of evil, the problem of divine hiddenness is the most prominent single argument for atheism in the current literature. Most advocates of the problem target what can be termed ‘generic theism’, theism abstracted from any particular religious tradition. Correspondingly most replies are made from the perspective of generic theism. While understandable, this common structure to the dialectic can obscure possible replies centred on the doctrinal resources of particular religions. I argue here that Christian soteriology provides a good reason why God might refrain from making His existence rationally indubitable to all.
Efficacy of digoxin in comparison with propranolol for treatment of infant supraventricular tachycardia: analysis of a large, national database
Authors: Moffett Brady S. , Lupo Philip J. , delaUz Caridad M. , Valdes Santiago O. , Miyake Christina Y. , Decker Jamie A. , Kim Jeffrey J.
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Digoxin or propranolol are used as first-line enteral agents for treatment of infant supraventricular tachycardia. We used a large national database to determine whether enteral digoxin or propranolol was more effciacious as first-line infant supraventricular tachycardia therapy. Materials and Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System database was queried over 10 years for infants with supraventricular tachycardia initiated on enteral digoxin or propranolol monotherapy. Patients were excluded for Wolff–Parkinson–White, intravenous antiarrhythmics (other than adenosine), or death. Success was considered as discharge on the initiated monotherapy. Risk factors for successful monotherapy and risk factors for readmission for supraventricular tachycardia for patients discharged on monotherapy were determined. Results: A total of 374 patients (59.6% male) met the study criteria. Median length of stay was 7 days (interquartile range of 3–16 days). Patients had CHD (n=199, 53.2%) and underwent cardiac surgery (n=123, 32.9%), ICU admission (n=238, 63.6%), mechanical ventilation (n=146, 39.0%), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n=3, 0.8%). Pharmacotherapy initiation was at median 37 days of life (interquartile range of 12–127 days) and 47.3% were initiated on digoxin. Success was similar between digoxin (73.1%) and propranolol (73.5%). Initial therapy with digoxin was not associated with success (odds ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.64–1.61, p=0.93). Multivariable analysis demonstrated hospital length of stay (odds ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.98–1.00) and involvement of a paediatric cardiologist (odds ratio 0.46, 95% CI 0.29–0.75) associated with monotherapy failure, and male gender (odds ratio 1.66, 95% CI 1.03–2.67) associated with monotherapy success. No variables were significant for readmission on multivariable analysis. Discussion: Digoxin or propranolol may be equally efficacious for inpatient treatment of infant supraventricular tachycardia.
Pharmakotherapie der bipolaren Störungen und der Manie
Authors: Schuepbach Daniel , Seifritz Erich
Published: September 2014

Die pharmakologische Therapie der bipolaren Störung stellt im Rahmen eines bio-psychosozialen Krankheitsmodells eine Herausforderung dar. Die klinische Symptomatik kann sich in akuter Manie, Hypomanie, bipolarer Depression und Mischzuständen manifestieren. Besondere Beachtung verdient die Adhärenz, welche sich ebenso vielschichtig äussern kann, und bei welcher Komorbiditäten eine wichtige Rolle spielen. In diesem Artikel wird eine Zusammenstellung wichtiger nationaler und internationaler Therapierichtlinien zu bipolaren Störungen diskutiert und wesentliche Resultate synoptisch präsentiert mit dem Ziel, der interessierten Leserschaft einen raschen Überblick über aktuelle pharmakologische Therapiemodalitäten zu erlauben.
A hexaphenylbenzene based AIEE active probe for the preparation of ferromagnetic α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: facile synthesis and catalytic applications
Authors: Pramanik Subhamay , Bhalla Vandana , Kumar Manoj
Published: September 2014

A hexaphenylbenzene based AIEE active probe has been synthesized which serves as reactor for the preparation of ferromagnetic α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles show excellent catalytic activity in Sonogashira coupling reactions.
Substituent controlled reactivity switch: selective synthesis of α-diazoalkylphosphonates or vinylphosphonates via nucleophilic substitution of alkyl bromides with Bestmann–Ohira reagent
Authors: Pramanik Mukund M. D. , Chaturvedi Atul Kumar , Rastogi Namrata
Published: September 2014

We report a substituent controlled nucleophilic displacement of alkyl bromides with Bestmann–Ohira reagent yielding either dimethyl diazoalkylphosphonates or (E)-vinylphosphonates.
Highly regioselective hydride transfer, oxidative dehydrogenation, and hydrogen-atom abstraction in the thermal gas-phase chemistry of [Zn(OH)]+/C3H8
Authors: Wu Xiao-Nan , Zhao Hai-Tao , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: September 2014

The metal center of [Zn(OH)]+ serves as active site in the regiospecific hydride transfer to generate [i-C3H7]+ as major product in the reaction with C3H8. In the [Zn(OH)]+–C3H8 system, a high regioselectivity features the remarkable chemoselectivity.
Defect-induced strong localization of uranium dicarbide on the graphene surface
Authors: Han Jie , Dai Xing , Gao Yang , Meng Yan , Wang Zhigang
Published: September 2014

The strong localization of UC2 in V6-defective graphene stabilizes the system extremely and stimulates participation of semi-core orbitals in bonding.
The effect of myoglobin crowding on the dynamics of water: an infrared study
Authors: Le Caër S. , Klein G. , Ortiz D. , Lima M. , Devineau S. , Pin S. , Brubach J.-B. , Roy P. , Pommeret S. , Leibl W. , Righini R. , Renault J. P.
Published: September 2014

The vibrational properties (anharmonicity, vibrational relaxation lifetime…) of water in crowded myoglobin solutions remain the same as that in neat water but the collective properties of the water molecules are significantly affected by the protein (orientational time, solid–liquid transition).
Conversion of wheat straw into formic acid in NaVO3–H2SO4aqueous solution with molecular oxygen
Authors: Niu Muge , Hou Yucui , Ren Shuhang , Wu Weize , Marsh Kenneth N.
Published: September 2014

Wheat straw could be directly converted into formic acid in NaVO3–H2SO4aqueous solution with molecular O2as an oxidant under mild conditions with a high efficiency.
Self-assembly of fatty acids: from foams to protocell vesicles
Authors: Douliez Jean-Paul , Gaillard Cédric
Published: September 2014

Stable aqueous dispersions of fatty acids can now be obtained and yield multiple applications.
A comparative computational study on the synthesis prescriptions, structures and acid properties of B-, Al- and G-incorporated MTW-type zeolites
Authors: Feng Gang , Yang Deqin , Kong Dejin , Liu Jianwen , Lu Zhang-Hui
Published: September 2014

The synthesis prescriptions, structures and acid properties of B-, Al- and Ga-incorporated MTW-type zeolites were studied at the DFT-D2 level.
Extremely selective fluorescence detection of cysteine or superoxide with aliphatic ester hydrolysis
Authors: Murale Dhiraj P. , Kim Hwajin , Choi Wan Sung , Kim Youngsam , Churchill David G.
Published: September 2014

A novel fluorescence probe modality demonstrated with fluorescein affords a highly selective aqueous-based detection of cysteine over other biothiols,e.g.homocysteine, with a limit of detection of 11.3 μM.
Al2O3–Gd2O3 double-films grown on graphene directly by H2O-assisted atomic layer deposition
Authors: Zheng Li , Cheng Xinhong , Cao Duo , Zhang Dongliang , Wang Zhongjian , Xu Dawei , Xia Chao , Shen Lingyan , Yu Yuehui
Published: September 2014

Al2O3–Gd2O3 double-films were directly grown on graphene with the assistance of H2O by atomic layer deposition without any functionalization.
Design and synthesis of galactose-6-OH-modified α-galactosyl ceramide analogues with Th2-biased immune responses
Authors: Hung Jung-Tung , Sawant Ratnnadeep C. , Chen Ji-Chuan , Yen Yu-Fen , Chen Wan-Shin , Yu Alice L. , Luo Shun-Yuan
Published: September 2014

In this study, a simple type ofO-6 analogue of KRN7000 was synthesized starting from galactosyl iodide andd-lyxose.
Using infrared thermography to study hydrostatic stress networks in granular materials
Authors: Jongchansitto Pawarut , Balandraud Xavier , Grédiac Michel , Beitone Clément , Preechawuttipong Itthichai
Published: September 2014

Hydrostatic stress networks can be revealed by thermoelastic stress analysis using infrared thermographic measurements.
Three-colored electrochromic lithiated vanadium oxides: the role of surface superoxides in the electro-generation of the red state
Authors: Zanarini S. , Di Lupo F. , Bedini A. , Vankova S. , Garino N. , Francia C. , Bodoardo S.
Published: September 2014

Lithiated vanadium oxides with polyelectrochromic behaviour are reported here for the first time.
Thermal conductivity of halide solid solutions: Measurement and prediction
Authors: Gheribi Aïmen E. , Poncsák Sándor , St-Pierre Rémi , Kiss László I. , Chartrand Patrice
Published: September 2014

The composition dependence of the lattice thermal conductivity in NaCl-KCl solid solutions has been measured as a function of composition and temperature. Samples with systematically varied compositions were prepared and the laser flash technique was used to determine the thermal diffusivity from 373 K to 823 K. A theoretical model, based on the Debye approximation of phonon density of state (which contains no adjustable parameters) was used to predict the thermal conductivity of both stoichiometric compounds and fully disordered solid solutions. The predictions obtained with the model agree very well with our measurement. A general method for predicting the thermal conductivity of different halide systems is discussed.
Synchronization and array-enhanced resonances in delayed coupled neuronal network with channel noise
Authors: Chen Jianchun , Ding Shaojie , Li Hui , He Guolong , Zhang Xuejuan
Published: September 2014

This paper studies the combined effect of transmission delay and channel fluctuations on population behaviors of an excitatory Erdös-Rényi neuronal network. First, it is found that the network reaches a perfect spatial temporal coherence at a suitable membrane size. Such a coherence resonance is stimulus-free and is array-enhanced. Second, the presence of transmission delay can induce intermittent changes of the population dynamics. Besides, two resonant peaks of the population firing rate are observed as delay changes: one is at τd≈7ms for all membrane areas, which reflects the resonance between the delayed interaction and the intrinsic period of channel kinetics; the other occurs when the transmission delay equals to the mean inter-spike intervals of the population firings in the absence of delay, which reflects the resonance between the delayed interaction and the firing period of the non-delayed system. Third, concerning the impact of network topology and population size, it is found that decreasing the connection probability does not change the range of transmission delay but broadens the range of synaptic coupling that supports population neurons to generate action potentials synchronously and temporally coherently. Furthermore, there exists a critical connection probability that distinguishes the population dynamics into an asynchronous and synchronous state. All the results we obtained are based on networks of size N = 500, which are shown to be robust to further increasing the population size.