bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Wax Moth Pheromone, Moth Influence, and Associated Glands
Authors: Marwaha Lovleen
Published: January 2023

The wax moth male secretes various pheromones to attract the female for
mating. The volatiles induce species-specific influence, which modulates the behaviour
of other members of the same species. The primary pheromones include nonanal and
undecanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, decanal, undecanol, and 6, 10, 14 -
trimethylpentadecanon-2. The specific chemicals are secreted by a pair of glands on the
forewings of the male moth in the greater and lesser wax moth. These volatiles are
essential for the adult stage and plays a critical role in larval and pupal aggregation.
The specific chapter elaborates on the chemical composition of the pheromones, their
influence on the conspecific individuals, and their role in modulating the mating
behaviour, in the case of the greater wax moth (GWM) and the lesser wax moth
(LWM).
Znaczenie umiejętności uczenia się przez całe życie w opinii studentów pedagogiki
Authors: Rzońca Ewelina , Mętrak Dorota
Published: January 2023

Umiejętność uczenia się nie bez powodu została zaliczona do kluczowych kompetencji XXI wieku. Jest ona niezbędna jednostce do harmonijnego rozwoju i adaptacji do szybko zmieniającej się rzeczywistości. Szczególnie od pedagogów posiadanie takiej kompetencji jest wymagane. Celem artykułu jest poznanie opinii studentów pedagogiki o ich umiejętnościach uczenia się i stosowanych technikach. Autorki zaprezentowały wyniki badań o charakterze sondażowym, na podstawie których sformułowane zostały wnioski i wskazówki pedagogiczne.
Powstanie i działalność Oświatowa Koła Towarzystwa Szkoły Ludowej w Rzeszowie w latach 1892-1939
Authors: Barnaś-Baran Ewa
Published: January 2023

Artykuł zawiera podstawowe informacje na temat działalności Koła Towarzystwa Szkoły Ludowej w Rzeszowie w latach 1892-1939. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy historyczno-pedagogicznej rękopisów protokołów zebrań zarządu Koła oraz innych materiałów archiwalnych określono główne formy jego pracy oświatowej. Ustalono, że działalność Koła inicjowali ludzie, którzy w oświacie, religii i wychowaniu moralnym dostrzegali ważny element rozwoju człowieka. Najbardziej popularną formą pracy oświatowej Koła w Rzeszowie były odczyty, kursy dla analfabetów oraz dokształcające zawodowo.
Common-Sense Cognition in the Practice of Environmental Education of the Catholic Church
Authors: Klimski Marcin
Published: January 2023

From the point of view of environmental protection issues, the subject of common-sense cognition appears to be an important source of knowledge. Such cognition facilitates a proper and distortion-free assessment of the current condition of the societal and natural environment, and consequently orientates man to take preventive and protective measures in the areas that require such undertakings.

This paper presents a holistic approach to the issues related to the urgent need to cover the societal and natural space with protective measures, which are reflected in the practice of the educational mission of the Catholic Church together with her associations and charitable organisations. The aforementioned mission is related to the humanistic reflection on the environmental crisis and constitutes a practical and educational platform. Both activities of Christian communities use data taken from common-sense cognition, which is a valuable tool in obtaining and determining reliable information.
طبيعة الوسائل الطبية في الإثبات الجنائي
Authors: Saeed Zana Rafeeq , Muhammad Shelan Salam
Published: January 2023

يحظى موضوع طبيعة الوسائل الطبية في الإثبات الجنائي بعناية خاصة على صعيد الدراسات القانونية وخاصة الجنائية, وذلك بفضل التطورات الكبيرة التي طرأت على الإثبات الجنائي بفضل الطفرة العلمية الهائلة في وسائل الإثبات, وخاصة الطبية التي تقوم على أصول علمية دقيقة تُزود القاضي بأدلة يقينية تؤثر في قناعته فتنفي او تربط علاقة المتهم بالجريمة, وتشكل هذه الدراسة احدى الدراسات المكرسة لمعرفة طبيعة تلك الوسائل الطبية في الاثبات الجنائي, وذلك لبيان موقف المشرع العراقي والقوانين المقارنة منها.
   قسمت الدراسة الى مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة, خصصت المبحث الأول للتطرق الى الوسيلة الطبية كقرينة طبية وقضائية أو كدلائل أو كدليل علمي, وكُرس المبحث الثاني الى دراسة الوسيلة الطبية كخبرة طبية عدلية.
 تضمن الخاتمة أبرز النتائج والتوصيات التي تم التوصل اليها.
Risk and Protective Profile of Men Who Have Sex With Men Using Mobile Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing: Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Chiou Piao-Yi , Tsao Wei-Wen , Lin Kuan-Chia , Fang Yuan-Yuan , Lin Kuan-Yin , Li Chia-Lin
Published: January 2023

Background

Mobile voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for HIV has been carried out to improve the targeting of at-risk populations and HIV case detection for men who have sex with men (MSM). However, the HIV-positive detection rate using this screening strategy has declined in recent years. This may imply unknown changes in risk-taking and protective features jointly influencing the testing results. These changing patterns in this key population remain unexplored.

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the nuanced group classification of MSM who underwent mobile VCT using latent class analysis (LCA), and to compare the difference in characteristics and testing results between subgroups.

Methods

A cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling were applied between May 21, 2019, and December 31, 2019. Participants were recruited by a well-trained research assistant through social networking platforms, including the most popular instant messenger app Line, geosocial network apps dedicated to MSM, and online communities. Mobile VCT was provided to participants at an assigned time and place. Demographic characteristics and risk-taking and protective features of the MSM were collected via online questionnaires. LCA was used to identify discrete subgroups based on four risk-taking indicators—multiple sexual partners (MSP), unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), recreational drug use within the past 3 months, and history of sexually transmitted diseases—and three protective indicators—experience of postexposure prophylaxis, preexposure prophylaxis use, and regular HIV testing.

Results

Overall, 1018 participants (mean age 30.17, SD 7.29 years) were included. A three-class model provided the best fit. Classes 1, 2, and 3 corresponded to the highest risk (n=175, 17.19%), highest protection (n=121, 11.89%), and low risk and low protection (n=722, 70.92%), respectively. Compared to those of class 3, class 1 participants were more likely to have MSP and UAI within the past 3 months, to be ≥40 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 2.197, 95% CI 1.357-3.558; P=.001), to have HIV-positive results (OR 6.47, 95% CI 2.272-18.482; P<.001), and a CD4 count ≤349/μL (OR 17.50, 95% CI 1.223-250.357; P=.04). Class 2 participants were more likely to adopt biomedical preventions and have marital experience (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.033-6.277; P=.04).

Conclusions

LCA helped derive a classification of risk-taking and protection subgroups among MSM who underwent mobile VCT. These results may inform policies for simplifying the prescreening assessment and more precisely recognizing those who have higher probabilities of risk-taking features but remain undiagnosed targets, including MSM engaging in MSP and UAI within the past 3 months and those ≥40 years old. These results could be applied to tailor HIV prevention and testing programs.
Plastic Pandemic after Covid-19- A Global Health Concern (Preprint)
Authors: Sahni Chetan , Nayak Amit Kumar , Singh Royana , Reddy K Ramachandra
Published: January 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

COVID-19 pandemic has increased the amount of plastic burden to the environment and the complexities of plastic waste management. Changes in behavioral patterns with the advent of this pandemic led to increased practice of hygiene and increased use of different types of personal protective equipment. Unfortunately, the rapid rise in production of the PPEs (like Hazmat suits, gloves, etc.) and single-use plastics used in RT-PCR and other testing are the biggest source for increased non-biodegradable plastic waste leading to amplified burden on plastic waste management.
A number of measures like prioritizing the policies directed towards changes at behavioral, social, and institutional levels need to be started. Also, a reduction in plastic waste along with proper plastic waste management policies should be implemented. To prevent the transition from one pandemic to other; improvement in government policies with public-private partnerships is the need of the hour.
Impact of Social Reference Cues on Misinformation Sharing on Social Media: Series of Experimental Studies (Preprint)
Authors: Jones Christopher M , Diethei Daniel , Schöning Johannes , Shrestha Rehana , Jahnel Tina , Schüz Benjamin
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Health-related misinformation on social media is a key challenge to effective and timely public health responses. Existing mitigation measures include flagging misinformation or providing links to correct information, but they have not yet targeted social processes. Current approaches focus on increasing scrutiny, providing corrections to misinformation (debunking), or alerting users prospectively about future misinformation (prebunking and inoculation). Here, we provide a test of a complementary strategy that focuses on the social processes inherent in social media use, in particular, social reinforcement, social identity, and injunctive norms.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine whether providing balanced social reference cues (ie, cues that provide information on users sharing and, more importantly, not sharing specific content) in addition to flagging COVID-19–related misinformation leads to reductions in sharing behavior and improvement in overall sharing quality.

METHODS

A total of 3 field experiments were conducted on Twitter’s native social media feed (via a newly developed browser extension). Participants’ feed was augmented to include misleading and control information, resulting in 4 groups: no-information control, Twitter’s own misinformation warning (misinformation flag), social cue only, and combined misinformation flag and social cue. We tracked the content shared or liked by participants. Participants were provided with social information by referencing either their personal network on Twitter or all Twitter users.

RESULTS

A total of 1424 Twitter users participated in 3 studies (n=824, n=322, and n=278). Across all 3 studies, we found that social cues that reference users’ personal network combined with a misinformation flag reduced the sharing of misleading but not control information and improved overall sharing quality. We show that this improvement could be driven by a change in injunctive social norms (study 2) but not social identity (study 3).

CONCLUSIONS

Social reference cues combined with misinformation flags can significantly and meaningfully reduce the amount of COVID-19–related misinformation shared and improve overall sharing quality. They are a feasible and scalable way to effectively curb the sharing of COVID-19–related misinformation on social media.
Modelos cristianos para nobles tlaxcaltecas, ¿Testimonios de un primer contacto?
Authors: Sánchez Aguilera Mario
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo explora los principales aspectos retóricos de un sermonario en lengua náhuatl que hasta ahora había permanecido inédito y se encuentra resguardado en la John Carter Brown Library. A partir de la traducción y el análisis de su contenido, así como de las marcas de propiedad que presenta el manuscrito, se propone que la composición de este conjunto de sermones data de una época muy temprana, en el contexto de la evangelización franciscana, y que sus principales destinatarios fueron las élites indígenas de Tlaxcala.
Kekerasan Terhadap Golongan Tionghoa pada Masa Revolusi di Malang, 1945–1949
Authors: Pratiwi Geza Surya
Published: January 2023

This article discusses mass-violence during the revolutionary period directed to the Chinese, who were considered to have received economic and political benefits during the colonial period. It aims to examine the roots of violence perpetrated against the Chinese since the Dutch colonial period in the city of Malang. To do so, this study uses primary sources such as archives, newspapers and photographs that were produced during the revolutionary period. In addition, this study also collected oral history through interviews with the survivors and other related parties. Based on the conducted research, it was found out that the violence against the Chinese during the revolution period in Malang occurred as a result of the accumulation of anger among the local population over the injustice policy of the colonial government benefitting the Chinese economically as well as politically.
Problems of Cultural Confidence in the New Era and Countermeasures
Authors: Dong Jingyi
Published: January 2023

The confidence of the nation comes from the confidence of culture, while culture is the spirit and soul of a nation, and the development of culture is related to the politics and economy of the whole country in many aspects. Taking the excellent traditional Chinese culture as the basic perspective, this paper will analyze the problems faced in developing the cultural confidence of socialism with Chinese characteristics from the basic connotation, ideological origin as well as the existing problems and the reasons of constraints, with socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era as the background of the times, and put forward suggestions and countermeasures according to the problems. This paper adopts a combination of literature research, abstract and concrete, history and reality to start from the ideological origin of socialist cultural self-confidence with Chinese characteristics, analyze some representative outstanding traditional cultures of the Chinese nation, and combine their role in contemporary society with their significance to the cultural construction of contemporary society, and explore a socialist cultural self-confidence path with great Chinese characteristics by linking theory with practice and concrete analysis of specific problems in the context of the new era.
STABILITY OF OMEGA-3 COMPOUNDS COMPLEX WITH PPAR-γ RECEPTOR AS AN ANTI-OBESITY USING MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION
Authors: MUSFIROH IDA , MEGAWATI GINNA , HERAWATI DEWI M. D. , IFAYA MUS
Published: January 2023

Objective: Obesity is a major contributor to comorbid diseases based on low grade chronic inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids have a role in inflammation so it is thought to prevent obesity. This study was conducted to analyze the stability of omega-3 fatty acids with the PPAR-γ receptor using molecular dynamic simulation to investigate the relationship of macromolecule interactions to biologically relevant as an obesity comorbid.

Methods: The methods consisted of ligand acquisition, molecular dynamic simulation, and analysis of dynamic molecular results using Gromacs 2016.3 software and the results of the MD analysis were carried out by simulating time with VMD software and graphing the results of MD data analysis using Microsoft Excel.

Results: The result showed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA) have good stability. Average RMSD values of DHA, DPA, and HPA were 0.347 Å, 0.464 Å, and 0.706 Å with similar pattern of fluctuation across the region. DHA forms a hydrogen bond to Tyr347 and Leu343. Meanwhile, DPA binds to Asn52 and HPA bind to Arg213. DHA, DPA, and HPA have an average SASA of 233.91 nm2, 231.47 nm2, and 225.52 nm2, respectively. DHA has the lowest total binding energy (-129.914 kJ/mol) compared to DPA (-102.018 kJ/mol) and HPA (-115.992 kJ/mol).

Conclusion: Based on the molecular dynamics simulation approach, omega-3 compounds, DHA, DPA, and HPA showed that DHA has good stability compared to DPA and HPA. DHA, DPA, and HPA can be used as lead drugs to bind to PPAR-γ receptors to prevent and treat obesity.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND BIOAUTOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF EXTRACT AND FRACTION FROM TAMOENJU (HIBISCUS SURATTENSIS L.) LEAVES
Authors: YULIET  , KHUMAIDI AKHMAD , HIKMA NUR , NURINAYAH
Published: January 2023

Objective: The tamoenju (Hibiscus surattensis L.) is one of the plants as traditional medicines to treat infections. Tamoenju leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids, a potential antibacterial agent. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of tamoenju leaves extract and fraction against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), and detect the active compounds using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Bioautography techniques. Methods: The sample was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. Fractionation of ethanol extract using the liquid-liquid extraction method using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity with various concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, followed by TLC bioautography using n-butanol: acetic acid: aquadest (4:1:1) as the mobile phase and silica gel GF 254 as the stationary phase on the most active fraction. Zones of inhibition showed the sensitivity of the tested microorganisms. Results: The results showed the extract, n-hexane, and water fractions were more sensitive to S. typhi, while the ethyl acetate fraction was more sensitive to both bacteria. The zone of inhibition increased with the increasing extract and fractions concentration. The bioautography TLC showed that the compounds that had the potential as antibacterial in the most active fraction (ethyl acetate fraction) were flavonoids. Conclusion: The extract and fraction of tamoenju leaves have antibacterial activity. Ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antibacterial activity. The compounds predicted to have antibacterial activity against the two tested bacteria were flavonoids.
IN SILICO STUDY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FROM ARECA NUT (ARECA CATECHU L.) ON GABAA RECEPTOR AS ANTI-INSOMNIA CANDIDATES
Authors: MUSTARICHIE RESMI , MEGANTARA SANDRA , SAPTARINI NYI MEKAR , HAYATI SARAH HUSNA
Published: January 2023

Objective: In silico study of chemical compounds from areca nut (Areca catechu) on GABAA receptor as anti-insomnia candidates.
Methods: Prediction and molecular docking of chemical compounds from areca nut with GABAA receptors to find out which compounds are most likely to be anti-insomnia therapy candidates.
Results: Molecular docking with AutoDock Vina and ADMET prediction via PreADMET website. Molecular docking and ADME predictions show that there is one potential anti-insomnia compound called syringic acid that has the most amino acid residues in common with the native ligand and standard drug compared to other compounds, as well as producing free energy (ΔG) and inhibition constants (Ki) lower than the native ligand. Syringic acid also has a weak bond with plasma proteins. However, in the parameters of toxicity, syringic acid exhibits carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.
Conclusion: Based on the results of molecular docking and ADME prediction obtained one compound with the best results can be used as a candidate for anti-insomnia drugs, namely syringic acid.
A SERIES OF SIMPLE DECONTAMINATION METHODS OF BACTERIAL FLORA FOUND ON MUSICAL WIND INSTRUMENTS
Authors: KUSUMA SRI AGUNG FITRI , SARI WAHYU PURWITA , RUSMIATI DEWI
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of cleaning techniques using hot water treatment soap containing 2% triclosan and chemical antiseptics in reducing the bacterial contamination observed on shared musical wind instruments.

Methods: The trumpet, mellophone, trombone, and tuba were evaluated in this study. To count the initial bacterial colonies on the instrument, the total amount of bacteria adhered to it was extracted using the swab procedure. The mouthpieces were immersed in hot water at a temperature of 100 °C for 5 min and then were soaked in soap that contained 2% triclosan to achieve the effect of decontamination. Then the survival colonies were counted. As a series of decontamination technique, this study also examined the disinfection ability of phenol, chloroxylenol, povidone-iodine, and 70% alcohol utilizing the Rideal Walker method.

Results: When compared to liquid soap (50.30-91.67%), the cleaning procedure that uses immersion in hot water of 100 °C for 5 min greatly lowers the quantity of bacteria (91.85-99.91%). However, due to their huge surface area, tuba mouthpieces were the most straightforward to sterilize using both techniques. The highest phenol coefficient value was shown by chloroxylenol; however, all tested disinfectants showed stronger antibacterial activity than 1% phenol.

Conclusion: The mouthpieces of shared wind instruments can be cleaned quickly, easily, and effectively by immersing them in hot water at a temperature of 100 °C for 5 min. However, chloroxylenol has the strongest ability to eradicate bacteria from the instrument's mouthpiece.
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF NOVEL CHROMENE COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM PEPEROMIA PELLUCIDA L. KUNTH AND IN SILICO STUDY AGAINST DPP-IV, ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE, ALPHA-AMYLASE, AND ALDOSE REDUCTASE FOR BLOOD GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS
Authors: SUSILAWATI YASMIWAR , MEGANTARA SANDRA , LEVITA JUTTI
Published: January 2023

Objective: During the outbreak of COVID-19, diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) become risk factors for severe adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. DM is a complex metabolic disease originating from a process of requiring adequate insulin or due to insulin resistance. This in silico study reveals the molecular interaction of Peperochromene A ((S)-2-methyl-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-6-(propan-2-ylidene)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydropyrano[4,3-g]chromen-9(2H)-one), a novel chromene compound isolated from Peperomia pellucida with four proteins involved in the homeostasis of blood glucose, namely dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV), α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and aldose reductase.

Methods: Molecular docking simulation of the ligands was performed by employing AutoDock 4.2 embedded in LigandScout at a certain position determined automatically by the program. The default parameters of the automatic settings were used to set the genetic algorithm parameters.

Results: Peperochromene A could interact with all four targets; however, it binds to alpha-glucosidase and α-amylase with Ki (inhibition constant) value better than that of acarbose, the enzymes’ known inhibitor. This chromene compound also reveals an inhibition constant to aldose reductase similar with that of the enzyme inhibitor.

Conclusion: The chromene isolated from Peperomia pellucida is the potential to be developed as an inhibitor of the proteins involved in the homeostasis of blood glucose; thus, it can be further explored for its antidiabetic activity.
OPTIMIZATION, FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO BASED TDDS OF EPLERENONE
Authors: VITHOBA SHINDE RAMESH , VELRAJ MALARKODI
Published: January 2023

Objective: The proposed work was aimed to formulation, characterization and optimization of transdermal patches of nanoparticles of eplerenone for efficient transdermal delivery of the drug.
Methods: Eplerenone nanoparticles transdermal patches were formulated by the casting evaporation method. Transdermal patches were made using combinations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), Eudragit RS 100. Physical characterization evaluation (organoleptic properties, pH, weight uniformity, thickness uniformity, percent moisture content, and tensile strength) was then performed. The permeation of eplerenone nanoparticles into the skin was evaluated using Franz diffusion cell.
Results: Eplerenone nanoparticles transdermal patches could be formulated by the casting evaporation method with the thickness of the patches ranged from 0.10±0.11 mm to 0.15±0.54 mm. The average weight of the patches 4 cm2 patches ranged from 350±0.202 mg to 386±0.527 mg, and the percent moisture content ranged from 1.0 to 6.0%. Folding endurance of prepared patches was in the range of 355±0.20 to 368±0.20. Prepared batches NS1 to NS9 evaluated for percentage moisture uptake and loss as well as for pH measurement. The result of in vitro drug release study for batch NS9 containing 30 %/cm 2/h and 87.74 % released in 16 h.
Conclusion: All patches met the requirement of the physical characterization for the transdermal patch.
COMPARISON OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PARAMETERS OF CANNABINOIDS AND NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS BY QSAR METHOD
Authors: SYROESHKIN ANTON V. , GALKINA DARIA A. , OGOTOEVA DAIAANA D. , LEVITSKAYA OLGA V. , MOROZOVA MARIYA A. , PLETENEVA TATIANA V.
Published: January 2023

Objective: To prove the benefits of biopharmaceutical parameters of cannabinoids over NSAIDs using quantitative structure and activity relationships (QSAR).
Methods: The topological indices of Wiener (W) and Balaban (J) were calculated using the previously developed original program ChemicDescript (certificate no. 2003612305).
Results: It was shown that the calculated topological indices were in one-to-one correspondence with such biopharmaceutical parameters as the constants of equilibrium binding to cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, toxicity, and lipophilicity. For example, it was shown that when the Wiener index changes from 480 to 530 LogK increases from 1.0 to 3.5. The LD50-W/J and logP-W/J diagrams demonstrate that cannabinoids are less toxic and more lipophilic than NSAIDs. Cannabidiol and cannabinol, having close values of their topological indices and insignificant psychoactivity, have the highest LD50 values, i.e. they are the least toxic. Moreover, for synthetic cannabinoids–nabilone and THJ-2201–the Wiener index is approximately 2 times higher than for plant analogues.
Conclusion: In connection with the successful promotion of cannabinoid analgesics in the global pharmaceutical market, the results obtained are important for demonstrating their advantages over NSAIDs in terms of toxicity and lipophilicity. The results demonstrate the possibility of predicting the cannabinoid receptor binding energy of synthetic and newly identified plant cannabinoids, as well as assessing their toxicity and lipophilicity.
ANTIPSORIATIC ACTIVITY OF HYDROGEL CONTAINING NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER (NLC) ENTRAPPED WITH TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE
Authors: SHINDE ANILKUMAR J. , TARLEKAR SHREYASH D. , JARAG RAVINDRA J. , TAMBOLI FIROJ A.
Published: January 2023

Objective: The aim of present study was to prepare triamcinolone acetonide (TA) loaded NLCs hydrogel for antipsoriatic activity.
Methods: A Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLCs) was prepared by using solvent diffusion and high pressure homogenization methods. NLCs dispersion was characterized by particle size, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry, and an in vitro release study. Optimized NLC incorporated into the hydrogel and characterized for rheological properties, drug content, in vitro drug release, stability study, skin irritation and antipsoriatic activity for optimized batch of hydrogel.
Results: Optimized NLCs loaded with TA were exhibited spherical shape with particle size 286±0.07 nm, polydispersity index 0.317, zeta potential-21.91±0.05mV and entrapment efficiency 86.19±0.06% respectively. The drug release of optimized batch was 8.34 % and 88.84±0.08% at 1h and 8h respectively. The release kinetics of the optimized NLCs best fitted the peppas-korsmeyer model. The results of NLC hydrogel formulations were spreadability 27.4±0.06-11.76±0.07 g. cm2/sec, drug content 65.60±0.05%-74.50±0.02%, in vitro drug release 87.52±0.04%, primary irritation index was 0.0752, it indicates barely perceptible irritation. Histopathological studies showed that, in psoriasis-induced animal treated with TA loaded NLC hydrogel, marked reduction in thickness of epidermis, as compared to conventional gel formulation. It shows the increase % orthokeratosis 88.69% and % drug activity 54.23% than the marketed formulation.
Conclusion: The present results demonstrated that hydrogel based NLC shows the better and effective drug delivery for the management of psoriasis.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY AND PHARMACOPHORE MODELLING OF URSOLIC ACID AS AN ANTIMALARIAL USING STRUCTURE-BASED DRUG DESIGN METHOD
Authors: HERMANTO FAIZAL , SUBARNAS ANAS , BAMBANG SUTJIATMO AFIFAH , BERBUDI AFIAT
Published: January 2023

Objective: To investigate the activity of ursolic acid (UA) as antimalarial on various types and classes of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) receptors using molecular docking and pharmacophore modeling methods.
Methods: The molecular docking was performed on various classes of the Pf receptors, namely Plasmepsin II (Hydroxylase), Enoyl-Acyl Carrier-protein (Oxidoreductase), Triose-Phosphate (Isomerase), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (Oxidoreductase) using Autodock 4.0.1 software.
Results: Three out of four tests (Ursolic Acid on Plasmepsin II, Enoyl-Acyl Carrier, and Lactate Dehydrogenase receptors) indicated a possible effect shown by the lowest free energy binding values obtained, namely-7.76 kcal/mol,-12.15 kcal/mol, and-9.39 kcal/mol, respectively. On Plasmepsin II, Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein, Triose-Phosphate Isomerase, and Lactate Dehydrogenase receptors, the UA had lower values of the inhibition constant (2.05 M, 1.25 nm, 1.25 mmol, and 130.79 nM, respectively). The UA also shared similarities with the native ligand according to the critical parameters of amino acid residue interaction (GLY216, SER218, LEU131, TYR77, and VAL78 for 1LF3 receptor; ALA217, LYS285, and TYR267 for 1NWH receptor; ASN233 and ALA234, for 1O5X receptor; and PRO246, ILE31, MET30, and PRO 250 for 1U4O receptor). As for the results of pharmacophore modeling, it was found that the functional groups of hydroxyl and carboxylic acid were the most crucial groups to bond with the key amino acid residues of the receptors.
Conclusion: The UA significantly has potential antimalarial activity against several Pf receptors in a competitive manner.
LIPOSOMAL DRY POWDER INHALER: NOVEL PULMONARY TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF LUNG CANCER
Authors: PATIL MANSING , PATEL PINKAL
Published: January 2023

Lung cancer is a great evil doer behind mortality around the world. The degree of lung cancer patients in developing nations has grown from 31% to 49.9% over the recent 20 y. Despite current upgrades in lung cancer chemotherapy, the death rate in lung cancer patients is high. Generally, cancer chemotherapy is accompanied by most side effects. If an anticancer drug could deliver only the right site in the right concentration at the right time, cancer could be cured without side effects. A liposomal dry powder inhaler (LDPI) is an innovative strategy to convey drug particles. A dry powder inhaler (DPI) has unique features such as targeted drug delivery, improved bioavailability, and the better therapeutic efficacy of the embedded drug's ability to deliver the drug at a constant rate. This paper emphasizes the utility of liposomes and DPI in lung cancer therapy, commonly used formulation techniques for manufacturing LDPI, various devices used to deliver the therapeutic formulation, and ongoing and recently concluded clinical trials. Patents filed by multiple researchers and the future perspective of LDPI in an innovative drug delivery system and promising systems for administering a wide variety of drugs, including anti-cancer drugs, are described for lung cancer.
THIOLATED MORINGA EXUDATE GUM AS IMPROVED BIO-MUCOADHESIVE AGENT IN THE FORMULATIONS OF DENTAL PASTE AND GEL
Authors: BANDYOPADHYAY PRANAB KUMAR , NAYAK AMIT KUMAR
Published: January 2023

Objective: The objectives of the current study were to synthesize thiolated moringa exudate gum (TMEG) via thiolation of moringa exudate gum (MEG) and to evaluate TMEG as an improved bio-mucoadhesive agent in semi-solid formulations like dental paste and gel. MEG-and TMEG-based mucoadhesive dental pastes of aceclofenac and mucoadhesive gels of metronidazole were prepared and changes in bio-mucoadhesion capability were studied.
Methods: In the current study, extracted MEG was modified to synthesize TMEG via thiolation (by utilizing thioglycolic acid in an acidic milieu) to study improvement in bio-mucoadhesive capability. MEG-and TMEG-based mucoadhesive dental pastes of 1% w/w aceclofenac and mucoadhesive gels of 1% w/w metronidazole were prepared with MEG and TMEG (as mucoadhesive excipient) in order to evaluate a comparative view of improvement in bio-mucoadhesion.
Results: The yield percentage of TMEG was found to be 44.62% and the thiol group in TMEG was found 4.17 mmol of thiol group/g of MEG. FTIR analysis results indicated the thiolation of MEG in the synthesized TMEG. Both types of semi-solid formulations (mucoadhesive dental pastes of 1% w/w aceclofenac and mucoadhesive gels of 1% w/w metronidazole) prepared using TMEG as mucoadhesive excipient exhibited excellent improved ex vivo bio-mucoadhesion and a sustained pattern of drug-releasing over a prolonged period.
Conclusion: The synthesized TMEG can be used as an improved mucoadhesive agent in the designing of bio-mucoadhesive semi-solid formulations for prolonged drug delivery.
PREVALENCE OF VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: P. M. ARPITHA , RANI N. RAKSHITHA , K. SUMANA
Published: January 2023

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the infectious diseases affecting humankind. The microbial agents that infect the tissues of the urinary tract from the renal cortex to the urethral meatus Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens that are found in the normal gut flora. Enterococci are the second leading cause of UTIs, accounting for 10% of all nosocomial UTIs. This species has become a major pathogen in the United States, Iran, Europe, and other parts of the world, including India. Antibiotic resistance is increasing, which slows the rate of progress in practical therapies, making susceptibility testing necessary. So, enterococci were isolated from urine samples of patients with UTI that were subjected to morphological characterization, biochemical assays, etc., The main aim of the study was to help in identifying resistance patterns and the dispersal of Enterococcus strains from various samples of urine to antibiotic agents like Penicillin G, Tetracycline, Teicoplanin, Norfloxacin, high-level Gentamycin, Linezolid, Nitrofurantoin, and with special emphasis on Vancomycin antibiotic. The greatest threat posed by Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) is its ability to transfer resistance genes to more dangerous gram-positive bacteria, potentially leading to truly terrifying pathogens in the future. A long stay in the hospital and the use of Vancomycin were connected to VRE-UTI and colonisation. Renal dialysis, renal failure, previous aminoglycoside, and third-generation cephalosporin use were all relevant hazard factors for VRE from UTI. The paper also underlines the importance of screening clinical samples for VRE and proposes that control measures be implemented to limit the spread of VRE.
NEW DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE INFRARED FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE ESTIMATION OF TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE CAPSULES
Authors: PRAVALLIKA BURELA VENKATA SAI GANESHA , NAMMI USHA RANI , MANDALEMULA PRANATI
Published: January 2023

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and validate a new diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopic method for the quantification of Tramadol HCl in the pharmaceutical dosage form.
Methods: The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was carried out on Cary 630 FTIR spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, USA) equipped with a diffuse reflectance sampling interface (650-4000 cm-1, 32 scans, 8 cm-1 resolution). The solid-state samples were prepared by dilution in dry potassium bromide and were analysed by an FTIR spectrophotometer with the DRIFT sampling technique, which follows the Kubelka-Munk model depicting the theory of diffuse reflectance at scattering surfaces, relating band intensities to concentration for transmission measurements similar to Beer’s law.
Results: A linear relationship was found in the selected wavenumber range of 3295-3298 cm-1denoting the carboxyl peak in the concentration range of 0.6-3.0% w/w with a good correlation coefficient of 0.997. The percent recovery of Tramadol HCl in the marketed dosage form was found to be 100.4%.
Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise, reproducible, and eco-friendly. DRIFT spectroscopy may have the potential as an alternative method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Tramadol HCl in its capsules.
JAVNA OVLAŠĆENJA I JAVNE SLUŽBE NETERITORIJALNIH AUTONOMIJA NACIONALNIH MANjINA – KOMPARATIVNI ANALIZA
Authors: Djuric Vladimir
Published: January 2023

U ovom radu analiziramo javna ovlašćenja i javne službe neteritorijalnih autonomija nacionalnih manjina, kao specifičnih organizacionih struktura i funkcionalnih upravnih nadležnosti u vidu javnih ovlašćenja koja su im poverena. Neteritorijalna autonomija u poslednje vreme sve više zaokuplja pažnju kako naučne tako i stručne javnosti, jer se u brojni problemi nacionalnih manjina u različitim državama mogu rešiti kroz neteritorijalnu autonomiju. Kako javne službe i upravna javna ovlašćenja predstavljaju sastavni deo javne uprave u organizacionom i funkcionalnom smislu, u ovom radu analizirani komparativni modeli ukazuju da neteritorijalne autonomije sve više predstavljaju i pripadaju celini javne uprave u mnogim savremenim državama u svetu. Ona može poslužiti i za dalju analizu polo žaja i statusa neteritorijalne autonomije nacionalnih manjina i u Republici Srbiji. Odgovorajući pravni okvir u tom smislu u Republici Srbiji već postoji, ali do sada nije temeljno izučavan.
KAKO USPEŠNO PODSTAĆI POLITIKE ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA: LEKCIJE IZ NEMAČKE
Authors: Matijevic Andrea
Published: January 2023

Prikaz knjige:
Bachmann, Günther. 2022. “How to Successfully Encourage Sustainable Development Policy: Lessons from Germany”. London and New York: Routledge. p. 196.
MOTIVATIONS OF MEXICAN WORKERS TO PARTICIPATE IN CANADA’S SEASONAL AGRICULTURAL WORKERS PROGRAM
Authors: Carvajal Gutiérrez Lidia , Mendoza González Miguel Ángel , Stallmann Judith I.
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
This study finds three main motivations for Mexican workers to participate in Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (CSAWP): Increasing household livelihood and welfare, investing in farming skills and assets, and improving children’s education and family housing. A factor analysis and a system of equations are used to find out which sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the migrants and their families are associated with each motivation. The most important results show that having more than four children along with being a farmer are positively associated with investing in farming skills and assets but being an agricultural day laborer in Mexico and having less than two children are not associated with any of the motivations.
Dark Web
Authors: Chauhan Anmol , Singh Navpreet
Published: January 2023

Abstract: In today's world, we are all connected to the Internet in one way or another. It has become an integral part of daily routine or lifestyle. The Dark Web is like a hidden cache on the internet commonly used to store and access personal information. However, there have been numerous reports of the site being abused for criminal and illegal activities. In this article, we will present a comprehensive look at the Dark Web and the different browsers used to access the Dark Web. Learn different aspects of the Dark Web like features, pros, cons and browsers will be discussed. It also presents a complete view of the different attack, mining and rock types. There are different types of crimes and incidents on the dark web discussed so that readers are aware of these types of activities and take appropriate measures to protect them.
Reliģisko organizāciju kontrole Latvijas PSR (1944–1985)
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Hristenko Diāna , Tēraudkalns Valdis
Published: January 2023

The article aims to outline and explain the state structures that affected Protestant and Roman Catholic churches in LSSR from 1944 to 1985 as interlocutors in state and church relations. The authors chose to analyse these denominations, since they all were confronted with similar policies in the Soviet state. On the basis of archive materials and other sources, the authors have explored the structure of control over religious organizations and the nature of these activities, their impact on religious life in the LSSR, starting from governing bodies of denominations down to local churches. State-church relationships in USSR were determined, first of all, by ideology. The formal framework was dictated by the constitution of the USSR and the decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Policies on state and church relationships were changing depending on the USSR’s internal and foreign policies, but their main goal – eradicating religion as a phenomenon – remained unchanged. The authors analysed the ways how the plenipotentiaries of the Council for the Affairs of Religious Cults Office (CARC) implemented the decisions of their Moscow-based leadership, as well as how they interacted with local municipalities (sometimes overturning their decisions). Formally, plenipotentiaries were subordinated to CARC, but on a day-to-day basis there was a complex symbiosis between the plenipotentiaries, local municipalities, and republican-level party and state structures. For the most part, Soviet officials had little orientation in legal matters affecting state-church relations (no surprise because until the 1960s many instructions of the CARC were classified), and the plenipotentiary’s office also served an educational function. Leaders of denominations were included in the scheme of control and restrictions – through them, the state carried out plans of closing congregations and other repressive actions. Thus, the state power implemented another goal – undermining the authority of church leaders in the eyes of believers.
Postteisms Džona Sponga teoloģijā: izcelsme un galvenie aspekti
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Ņizins Pāvels
Published: January 2023

This article reflects on John Spong’s post-theistic theology and classifies it. Furthermore, the article introduces the readers to the context in which John Spong lived and worked (the second half of the 20th century in the West), and examines the changes in theology during this time (revision of various traditional theologies, especially the re-evaluation of classical theism as a reaction to the Holocaust-induced and post-war crises in society). The roots of John Spong’s theology have also been listed and analysed. Mainly, his work was inspired by such thinkers as F. Schleiermacher, R. Bultmann, P. Tillich, D. Bonhoeffer, and J. Robinson. It turned out that Spong did not take the ideas of these thinkers literally but adapted them and shaped his own views. The article also provides a critique of the theological views of John Spong. It was found that John Spong predominantly used a narrow definition of theism and did not consider the broader possibilities of interpreting theism (open, personal theism, etc.). This is partly due to the polemical nature of his theology, meant for consumption by the wider public. His criticism was rightly directed at the simplistic vision characteristic of fundamentalism and conservative evangelicalism, but it excluded other explanations of theism.
Exploring the reasons behind the Belgian prohibition of the commercialization of the plant Artemisia annua.
Authors: Vandenschrick Marie mathilde
Published: January 2023

This paper explores the prohibition of the commercialization of the plant Artemisia annua for fighting malaria through three political ecology concepts. Firstly, from the perspective of epistemic coloniality, the power/knowledge dimension is highlighted as key to understand how the scientific knowledge produced in the West renders invisible whatever is outside that canon (among which the Artemisia annua tea infusion). Secondly, using a technocratic lens, I identify a techno-elite composed by companies and individuals which intensively promote the standard drugs (ACTs) at the expense of the traditional tea infusion, and that for profitability reasons. Finally, through the logic of commodification of nature, I argue that the Artemisia annua tea infusion struggles to reach scientific validity because it is not (yet) profitable enough to acquire that status.
Prediction on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Reinforced Polymer Composite Material
Authors:   Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, A.Yousif Ban
Published: January 2023

Fly ash with different weight ratios was used as a reinforcing material for the composite material (polyester + 5% short carbon fiber) to make a hybrid composite material. The weight ratio of the carbon fiber used with the polymer was constant, and the weight ratios used for fly ash were (5%, 10%, 15%)wt. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composite material were studied and compared with the composite material without the addition of fly ash. The results showed an increase in the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity by increasing the weight percentage of fly ash, while there was no significant increase in the compressive strength value except for the composite material reinforced by 15% of fly ash. The results showed a significant improvement in the measured mechanical properties of the hybrid composites samples with an increase in the addition percentage of fly ash.
Evaluasi Status Hara dan Rekomendasi Pemupukan Padi Sawah Di Kecamatan Batin III Ulu Kabupaten Bungo Jambi
Authors: Saidi Busyra B
Published: January 2023

Evaluation of Nutrient Status and Recommendations for Fertilization of paddy rice. The assessment was carried out in Batin III Ulu District, Bungo Jambi Regency with a rice field area of 655 ha spread across 8 (eight) villages. This study aims to evaluate the nutrient status and determine fertilization recommendations in paddy rice. The study used a description method based on field observations and laboratory analysis. Examples of composite soils resulting from the field, analyzed the nutrient status of N, P, and K as well as soil pH with the Paddy Soil Test Kit. Based on the value of the N, P, K nutrient status test, it is determined to recommend fertilizer application. N fertilizer during the growth period is applied 3 (three) times, namely at planting time (before 14 DAP), without the use of LCC (leaf colour chart), the second fertilization on active tillering stadia (21-28 DAP), and the third on flower primordia stadia (50 days after planting). The results of the nutrient status analysis with STD, the P and K nutrient status of the soil are grouped into three classes, namely low, medium, and high. From the P and K status classes of the soil, recommendations for fertilization P (SP-36) and K (KCl) are made. The results showed that the obstacle to increasing the productivity of paddy rice in this area is that the content of N, P and K is generally low, and the soil pH ranges from 5-6. Therefore, to increase the productivity of paddy rice yields, it is recommended to apply inorganic fertilizers (N, P, and K) and the addition of organic matter. Based on the results of soil analysis and the nutrient status of paddy soils, site-specific N, P and K fertilization recommendations were obtained. Fertilizers used in the form of Urea, SP-36 and KCl, without the addition of organic matter and with the addition of organic matter.