bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le travail du même et du différent : mouvement circulaire entre les groupes de scénodrame et l'institution
Authors: Clément Sandra , Béon Sébastien
Published: November 2012

Comment les pratiques groupales peuvent-elles s’inscrire dans les institutions aujourd’hui et évoluer en qualité et en diversité malgré la réduction des budgets limitant les postes et les crédits de formation ? Comment faire reconnaître et soutenir ces thérapies groupales quand elles s’exercent dans un champ analytique aujourd’hui contesté ? L’histoire de l’élaboration d’un nouveau dispositif groupal : le scénodrame et de son inscription au sein d’un hôpital de jour/CATTP dans un service hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent ouvrira une réflexion sur les origines et les facteurs favorisant une telle initiative et sa prise en compte institutionnelle. Seront évoqués les soutiens et les résistances à l’oeuvre dans un tel processus d’intégration. Nous verrons comment des espaces institutionnels extérieurs à l’institution de soin (Sociétés Scientifiques) offrent des appuis pour penser et faire reconnaître un nouveau dispositif conçu pour répondre aux difficultés spécifiques des pathologies lourdes et des pathologies des contenants psychiques. Notre réflexion s’exercera dans un mouvement circulaire entre les groupes de scénodrame avec leur spécificité et l’institution dans sa diversité. Nous passerons de la contenance groupale aux contenances institutionnelles protectrices des enveloppes psychiques. Nous verrons comment l’institution porte une diversité qui se nourrit des expériences pluridisciplinaires. En conclusion, la pluridisciplinarité expose les soignants à la différence et, dans un même mouvement élaboratif, impulse une créativité participative.
Groupe de parole spécifique pour adolescents obèses, en processus d'amaigrissement, placés en institution
Authors: Sanahuja Maria de la Almudena , Cuynet Patrice
Published: November 2012

Notre réflexion insiste sur l’utilité d’une approche psychanalytique groupale : un groupe de parole, comme une des modalités de prise en charge de l’obésité au moment de la période de l’adolescence. À travers cet article, nous montrons l’évolution psychique d’adolescents obèses en « perte de poids » dans le cadre d’un groupe de parole, ainsi que l’impact de ce dernier tant sur notre travail de clinicien que sur la prise en charge pluridisciplinaire et la dynamique institutionnelle. Puis, nous mettons l’accent sur les positions transférentielles et contre-transférentielles qui émergent de cette dynamique groupale, et les difficultés rencontrées par les thérapeutes quant au travail de reprise, issues de ces positions. Nous insistons également sur la dimension thérapeutique du groupe comme objet qui médiatise et temporise par une contenance adéquate l’agressivité anti-dépressive liée au phénomène d’amaigrissement.
A Grid Concept for Reliable, Flexible and Robust Remote Engineering Laboratories
Authors: Henke Karsten , Ostendorff Steffen , Wuttke Heinz-Dietrich , Vogel Stefan
Published: November 2012

Within this paper, we will describe a grid concept to realize a universal remote lab infrastructure as well as different operation modes based on this concept. This new infrastructure consists of three parts: an internal serial remote lab bus, a bus protection unit to interface the remote lab bus and to protect it from misuse and damage as well as a protection unit, which protects the physical systems (the electro-mechanical models in our remote lab) against deliberate damage or accidentally wrong control commands and which offers different access and control mechanisms. The interconnection between the Web-control units and the selected physical system during a remote lab work session (experiment) as well as the user management is done by the lab server, which also handles the webcams. The implemented remote lab infrastructure is based on the iLab architecture of the MIT, which allows to interconnect remote labs and to exchange remote lab experiments among different universities worldwide.
Multiple Redundant Effector Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cells Protect against Influenza Infection
Authors: Hamada Hiromasa , Bassity Elizabeth , Flies Amanda , Strutt Tara M. , Garcia-Hernandez Maria de Luz , McKinstry K. Kai , Zou Tie , Swain Susan L. , Dutton Richard W.
Published: November 2012

We have previously shown that mice challenged with a lethal dose of A/Puerto Rico/8/34-OVAI are protected by injection of 4–8 × 106 in vitro–generated Tc1 or Tc17 CD8+ effectors. Viral load, lung damage, and loss of lung function are all reduced after transfer. Weight loss is reduced and survival increased. We sought in this study to define the mechanism of this protection. CD8+ effectors exhibit multiple effector activities, perforin-, Fas ligand–, and TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity, and secretion of multiple cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IFN-γ, and TNF) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10). Transfer of CD8+ effectors into recipients, before infection, elicits enhanced recruitment of host neutrophils, NK cells, macrophages, and B cells. All of these events have the potential to protect against viral infections. Removal of any one, however, of these potential mechanisms was without effect on protection. Even the simultaneous removal of host T cells, host B cells, and host neutrophils combined with the elimination of perforin-mediated lytic mechanisms in the donor cells failed to reduce their ability to protect. We conclude that CD8+ effector T cells can protect against the lethal effects of viral infection by means of a large number of redundant mechanisms.
Lipoproteins Are Major Targets of the Polyclonal Human T Cell Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Seshadri Chetan , Turner Marie T. , Lewinsohn David M. , Moody D. Branch , Van Rhijn Ildiko
Published: November 2012

Most vaccines and basic studies of T cell epitopes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis emphasize water-soluble proteins that are secreted into the extracellular space and presented in the context of MHC class II. Much less is known about the role of Ags retained within the cell wall. We used polyclonal T cells from infected humans to probe for responses to immunodominant Ags in the M. tuberculosis cell wall. We found that the magnitude of response to secreted or cell wall intrinsic compounds was similar among healthy controls, patients with latent tuberculosis, and patients with active tuberculosis. Individual responses to secreted Ags and cell wall extract were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.495, p = 0.001), suggesting that T cells responding to cell wall and secreted Ags are present at similar frequency. Surprisingly, T cell stimulatory factors intrinsic to the cell wall partition into organic solvents; however, these responses are not explained by CD1-mediated presentation of lipids. Instead, we find that molecules soluble in organic solvents are dependent upon MHC class II and recognized by IFN-γ–secreting CD4+ T cells. We reasoned that MHC class II–dependent Ags extracting into lipid mixtures might be found among triacylated lipoproteins present in mycobacteria. We used M. tuberculosis lacking prolipoprotein signal peptidase A (lspA), an enzyme required for lipoprotein synthesis, to demonstrate loss of polyclonal T cell responses. Our results demonstrate the use of bacterial genetics to identify lipoproteins as an unexpected and immunodominant class of cell wall–associated Ags targeted by the polyclonal human T cell response to M. tuberculosis.
SLAT Regulates CD8+ T Cell Clonal Expansion in a Cdc42- and NFAT1-Dependent Manner
Authors: Feau Sonia , Schoenberger Stephen P. , Altman Amnon , Bécart Stéphane
Published: November 2012

After antigenic stimulation, CD8+ T cells undergo clonal expansion and differentiation into CTLs that can mount a strong defense against intracellular pathogens and tumors. SWAP-70–like adapter of T cells (SLAT), also known as Def6, is a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Cdc42 GTPase and plays a role in CD4+ T cell activation and Th cell differentiation by controlling Ca2+/NFAT signaling, but its requirement in CD8+ T cell response has not been explored. Using a range of transgenic and knockout in vivo systems, we show that SLAT is required for efficient expansion of CD8+ T cells during the primary response but is not necessary for CTL differentiation. The reduced clonal expansion observed in the absence of SLAT resulted from a CD8+ T cell–intrinsic proliferation defect and a reduced IL-2–dependent cell survival. On a molecular level, we show that Def6 deficiency resulted in defective TCR/CD28-induced NFAT translocation to the nucleus in CD8+ T cells. Constitutively active Cdc42 or NFAT1 mutants fully restored the impaired expansion of Def6−/− CD8+ T cells. Taken together, these data describe a new and pivotal role of SLAT-mediated NFAT activation in CD8+ T cells, providing new insight into the signaling pathways involved in CD8+ T cell proliferation.
YKL-40 Induces IL-8 Expression from Bronchial Epithelium via MAPK (JNK and ERK) and NF-κB Pathways, Causing Bronchial Smooth Muscle Proliferation and Migration
Authors: Tang Hao , Sun Yu , Shi Zhaoquan , Huang Hai , Fang Zheng , Chen Jiquan , Xiu Qingyu , Li Bing
Published: November 2012

Recently, the serum levels of YKL-40, a chitinase-like glycoprotein, have been shown to be significantly elevated in asthmatics and are associated with asthma severity. Although these studies raise the possibility that YKL-40 may influence asthma, the mechanisms remain unknown. This study firstly investigated the mechanisms involved in YKL-40–mediated inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and analyzed the soluble factors secreted by bronchial epithelial cells exposed to YKL-40 that were responsible for increasing proliferation and migration of primary normal human bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs). YKL-40–induced inflammation was assayed in two HBECs (BEAS-2B cell line and primary HBECs). In addition, we treated BEAS-2B cells and HBECs with YKL-40 and added the conditioned culture media to BSMCs. The proliferation and migration of BSMCs were determined by premixed WST-1 cell proliferation reagent (Clontech Laboratories) and QCM chemotaxis migration assay (Millipore), respectively. Bronchial epithelial cells treated with YKL-40 resulted in a significant increase of IL-8 production, which was dependent on MAPK (JNK and ERK) and NF-κB pathways activation. YKL-40–induced IL-8 was found to further stimulate proliferation and migration of BSMCs, and the effects were inhibited after neutralizing IL-8. Through investigating the interaction of airway epithelium and smooth muscle, our findings implicate that YKL-40 may be involved in the inflammation of asthma by induction of IL-8 from epithelium, subsequently contributing to BSMC proliferation and migration. Moreover, inhibition of IL-8 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for YKL-40–induced inflammation and remodeling of asthma.
An illustration of the explanatory and discovery functions of proof
Authors: De Villiers Michael
Published: November 2012

This article provides an illustration of the explanatory and discovery functions of proof with an original geometric conjecture made by a Grade 11 student. After logically explaining (proving) the result geometrically and algebraically, the result is generalised to other polygons by further reflection on the proof(s). Different proofs are given, each giving different insights that lead to further generalisations. The underlying heuristic reasoning is carefully described in order to provide an exemplar for designing learning trajectories to engage students with these functions of proof.
The discipline and craft of academic writing: Building writing capacity in Institutions of Higher Education
Authors: Janks Hilary
Published: November 2012

This article offers a first-person account of an academic writing workshop from the perspective of a participant. What is significant is that the workshop combines traditional and creative writing approaches to the teaching of academic writing. This provides new insights into a process of academic writing that can have a significant effect on the quality of the writing and a reader’s engagement with it.
Does organisational commitment enhance the relationship between job involvement and in-role performance?
Authors: Islam Talat , Khan Saif Ur Rehman , Ahmad Ungku N.U. , Ahmed Ishfaq
Published: November 2012

Orientation: Job involvement is essential for the performance of employees. Prior researchers have found a weak relationship between job involvement and job performance, but dimensions of commitment have been considered as a mediator to enhance the relationship.Research purpose: This research is aimed at discovering the role of organisational commitment as a mediating variable between the relationship of job involvement and performance.Motivation for the study: The aim of organisations today is to outperform each other in every respect. In order to realise this, the role of employees is crucial. To elicit the best from employees requires much attention from organisations. This research is focused on this specific issue, namely, increasing employees’ performance.Research design, approach and method: The researchers have used structured questionnaires using the quantitative approach. A similar research methodology using the survey method was applied by the researchers to make the results comparable. The simple random sampling technique was used. Data was evaluated on the basis of 208 completed questionnaires.Main findings: Findings of the study indicate that there is a relationship between job involvement and in-role performance. Affective and normative commitment can act as mediator. However, continuance commitment is not a mediator in this relationship.Practical/managerial implications: It is important for organisations that want to gain a competitive edge over its rivals to enhance the level of involvement of its employees.Contribution/value-add: The results of this study will provide a new dimension for managers on how to gain a competitive advantage over rival firms with regard to performance by increasing the level of job involvement.
A new video survey method of microtopographic laser scanning (MiLS) to measure small‐scale seafloor bottom roughness
Authors: Du Preez Cherisse , Tunnicliffe Verena
Published: November 2012

A novel video survey method measures small‐scale seafloor bottom roughness in fragile and deep‐sea habitats called microtopographic laser scanning (MiLS). Using a controlled submersible platform, an attached downward‐ facing video camera with a single optical laser can return imagery to detail the bottom profile at a resolution of ~1–2 cm. The method compares the position of the underlying substratum and laser dot between successive video frames to determine distance traveled in the forward direction and substratum height. The video imagery is processed using photogrammetry to calculate small‐scale topography (horizontal and vertical axes). MiLS is adaptable for most aquatic habitats as it can be executed using any platform that can move forward with a constant slope over the desired transect. Traditional techniques of measuring small‐scale roughness are largely restricted to easily accessible habitats and often yield measurements that are relative and not comparable among different habitats and studies. Quantifying roughness in ways that permit comparisons is critical to understanding effects of bottom roughness and would benefit many fields of aquatic science. With its versatility, ability to access remote locations and output of quantified measurements, MiLS has the potential to fill this need. It is also likely this method will be useful in subaerial habitats such as wetlands. Here, we describe the MiLS equipment, theory, and method in detail, and then demonstrate its application in a lab trial and in a field study in a deep‐sea (≤450 m depth) sponge and coral habitat where its high resolution, accuracy, and precision is made evident.
Developing a portable, autonomous aerosol backscatter lidar for network or remote operations
Authors: Strawbridge K. B.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Lidar has the ability to detect the complex vertical structure of the atmosphere and can therefore identify the existence and extent of aerosols with high spatial and temporal resolution, making it well-suited for understanding atmospheric dynamics and transport processes. Environment Canada has developed a portable, autonomous lidar system that can be monitored remotely and operate continuously except during precipitation events. The lidar, housed in a small trailer, simultaneously emits two wavelengths of laser light (1064 nm and 532 nm) at energies of approximately 150 mJ/pulse/wavelength and detects the backscatter signal at 1064 nm and both polarizations at 532 nm. For laser energies of this magnitude, the challenge resides in designing a system that meets the airspace safety requirements for autonomous operations. Through the combination of radar technology, beam divergence, laser cavity interlocks and using computer log files, this risk was mitigated. A Continuum Inlite small footprint laser is the backbone of the system because of three design criteria: requiring infrequent flash lamp changes compared to previous Nd:YAG Q-switch lasers, complete software control capability and a built-in laser energy monitoring system. A computer-controlled interface was designed to monitor the health of the system, adjust operational parameters and maintain a climate-controlled environment. Through an internet connection, it also transmitted the vital performance indicators and data stream to allow the lidar profile data for multiple instruments from near ground to 15 km, every 10 s, to be viewed, in near real-time via a website. The details of the system design and calibration will be discussed and the success of the instrument as tested within the framework of a national lidar network dubbed CORALNet (Canadian Operational Research Aerosol Lidar Network). In addition, the transport of a forest fire plume across the country will be shown as evidenced by the lidar network, HYSPLIT back trajectories, MODIS imagery and CALIPSO overpasses.
Evidence and analysis of 2012 Greenland records from spaceborne observations, a regional climate model and reanalysis data
Authors: Tedesco M. , Fettweis X. , Mote T. , Wahr J. , Alexander P. , Box J. , Wouters B.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. A combined analysis of remote sensing observations, regional climate model (RCM) outputs and reanalysis data over the Greenland ice sheet provides evidence that multiple records were set during summer 2012. Melt extent was the largest in the satellite era (extending up to ~ 97% of the ice sheet) and melting lasted up to ~ two months longer than the 1979–2011 mean. Model results indicate that near surface temperature was ~ 3 standard deviations (σ) above the 1958–2011 mean, while surface mass balance was ~ 3σ below the mean and runoff was 3.9σ above the mean over the same period. Albedo, exposure of bare ice and surface mass balance also set new records, as did the total mass balance with summer and annual mass changes of, respectively, −627 Gt and −574 Gt, 2σ below the 2003–2012 mean. We identify persistent anticyclonic conditions over Greenland associated with anomalies in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), changes in surface conditions (e.g. albedo) and pre-conditioning of surface properties from recent extreme melting as major driving mechanisms for the 2012 records. Because of self-amplifying positive feedbacks, less positive if not increasingly negative SMB will likely occur should large-scale atmospheric circulation and induced surface characteristics observed over the past decade persist. Since the general circulation models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) do not simulate the abnormal anticyclonic circulation resulting from extremely negative NAO conditions as observed over recent years, contribution to sea level rise projected under different warming scenarios will be underestimated should the trend in NAO summer values continue.
Occupy Wall Street and the myth of technological death of the library
Authors: Lingel Jessa
Published: November 2012

Within a week of the emergence of Occupy Wall Street, a library surfaced in the midst of the protest. Staffed by volunteers and comprised entirely of donated materials, the People’s Library offers books and media to the public, provides basic reference assistance and includes a fully-searchable digital catalog. In this article, I analyze the People’s Library in terms of larger discussions of libraries, technology and activism. Drawing on personal experiences volunteering at the Library as well as text from the Library’s blog, I argue that the People’s Library offers two counter arguments to conventional claims about the public library: first, that libraries are being existentially threatened by the emergence of digital technologies and second, that a library’s activist ethics are located solely or predominantly in the content of its collection. Using the People’s Library as a kind of conceptual case study, I explore the connections between public libraries, digital technologies and activist ethics.
Promoting health sciences journal content with Web 2.0: A snapshot in time
Authors: De Groote Sandra L
Published: November 2012

This study examined if health sciences journals incorporate Web 2.0 technologies that can be used to disseminate journal content using tools such as RSS feeds, Facebook, Twitter, and other social bookmarking tools. The study also examined if open access journals used Web 2.0 technologies more than traditional journals. Most journals offer RSS feeds and over half allowed readers to share journal content through social bookmarking tools. Approximately one quarter of journals had Facebook or Twitter accounts promoting journal content. Traditional journals were more likely to use Web 2.0 technology than open access journals.
Monitoring endophyte populations in pine plantations and native oak forests in Northern Spain
Authors: Martínez-Álvarez P. , Rodríguez-Ceinós S. , Martín-García J. , Diez J. J.
Published: November 2012

Replacement of native forest with plantations of other species can have important consequences over the ecosystem. Some of these changes have been widely studied, but very little information is available about what happen with fungal communities and specifically with endophyte species living there. In this work endophyte assemblages of pine plantations (Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra and P. pinaster) are compared with those found in the original oak forest (Quercus pyrenaica) of the study area (north of Palencia province, Spain). For this purpose, samples of needles/leaves and twigs from three trees in each one of the three plots sampled per host species, were first collected and later processed in the lab to detect all endophyte species living there. Besides an intensive data compilation was realized in the twelve sites studied to analyze the environmental, crown condition, dendrometric and soil variables involved in the distribution of the fungi. Endophyte assemblages of P. nigra and P. sylvestris resulted to be closer, and at the same time separated from the ones of P. pinaster and Q. pyrenaica. In addition, some variables were found to be related to the endophyte communities’ distribution. Finally, a change in the endophyte communities was detected due to the deterioration and replacement of native oak forests with pine plantations.
Effect of putative mitoviruses on in vitro growth of Gremmeniella abietina isolates under different laboratory conditions
Authors: Romeralo Tapia C. , Botella L. , Santamaría O. , Diez J.
Published: November 2012

Mitoviruses have been found in several forest pathogens (i.e. Cryphonectria parasitica, Gremmeniella abietina), and because they have been shown to reduce the virulence of host fungi there is a growing interest in studying their use as a biocontrol. This study was carried out to test the effect of temperature (5°C, 15°C, 25°C and 35°C), pH (4, 5, 7 and 9) and osmotic potential (–0.6, –1.2, –1.8 and –2.4 MPa) on the mycelial growth of seven G. abietina isolates under controlled laboratory conditions. Four of the isolates hosted mitoviruses and three of them did not. During the experiment, mycelial growth was recorded every week for a period of 8 weeks. Results showed no differences in growth behavior between mitovirus infected and non-infected isolates when placed under different pH modifications. However, the mitovirus-infected isolates presented larger mycelial growth than the mitovirus-free ones when at the fungi’s optimal growing temperature of 15°C. When growing at certain osmotic potentials (–0.6 and –1.8 MPa) a reduction in growth of the mitovirus-infected isolates was observed. The results of this experiment suggest that mycelial growth among non-infected isolates and isolates naturally infected by mitovirus vary under different culture conditions, thus providing further insight into the effects of mitovirus on Gremmeniella abietina isolates.
Forestry application of the AHP by use of MPC© software
Authors: Perez-Rodriguez F. , Rojo-Alboreca A.
Published: November 2012

We present an example of the application of the AHP decision-making approach to forest management, by use of MPC© 2.0 software. The example considered is that of a forest services company interested in buying a timber harvester. The company had preselected four different machines as possible alternatives, and established 11 different criteria involved in the decision, grouped into four categories (economic, environmental, social and technical). The decision-making process was undertaken using MPC© 2.0 software tools, which enable establishment of criteria on two levels, independent pairwise comparison of criteria (first phase) and of alternatives under each criterion (second phase), repetition of the decision-making process by the same or different users, graphical display of the results on the computer screen, and sensitivity analysis.
A comparison of estimation methods for fitting Weibull, Johnson’s SB and beta functions to Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiate and Pinus sylvestris stands in northwest Spain
Authors: Gorgoso J. J. , Rojo A. , Cámara-Obregón A. , Diéguez-Aranda U.
Published: November 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the Weibull, Johnson’s SB and beta distributions, fitted with some of the most usual methods and with different fixed values for the location parameters, for describing diameter distributions in even-aged stands of Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata and Pinus sylvestris in northwest Spain. A total of 155 permanent plots in Pinus sylvestris stands throughout Galicia, 183 plots in Pinus pinaster stands throughout Galicia and Asturias and 325 plots in Pinus radiata stands in both regions were measured to describe the diameter distributions. Parameters of the Weibull function were estimated by Moments and Maximum Likelihood approaches, those of Johnson’s SB function by Conditional Maximum Likelihood and by Knoebel and Burhart’s method, and those of the beta function with the method based on the moments of the distribution. The beta and the Johnson’s SB functions were slightly superior to Weibull function for Pinus pinaster stands; the Johnson’s SB and beta functions were more accurate in the best fits for Pinus radiata stands, and the best results of the Weibull and the Johnson’s SB functions were slightly superior to beta function for Pinus sylvestris stands. However, the three functions are suitable for this stands with an appropriate value of the location parameter and estimation of parameters method.
A study of the Greek trade deficit in forest products. Current conditions and prospects
Authors: Koulelis P.
Published: November 2012

The forest products trade deficit in Greece is a characteristic of the national forest sector over time. Greek imports of forest products are more than exports in order to cover domestic consumption. However, since its accession to the EU in 2001 Greece has not exploited all the advantages provided by the euro. The deficit in Greece has continued to increase because of growing imports, while average Europe countries have converted this to a surplus. Greece should aim to reduce this trend by decreasing imports, increasing exports or both. The present paper describes this deficit over time and proposes a forecasting model that could reduce the deficit using three possible scenarios. The model’s theoretical and practical contribution is that policymakers can use it as tool to calculate the future forest products deficit.
Evaluación de pastas de Hesperaloe funifera obtenidas con un proceso de bajo consumo energético como material de refuerzo de pastas recicladas
Authors: Eugenio M.E. , Martin-Sampedro R. , Revilla E. , Villar J.C.
Published: November 2012

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la capacidad de refuerzo de pastas de Hesperaloe funifera obtenidas mediante un proceso simple de bajo consumo energético (pasteado químico-mecánico de refino) una vez añadidas en diferentes porcentajes a pastas recicladas de periódicos y de cartón ondulado (OCC). Se utilizó como material de refuerzo de referencia pasta kraft de Pinus radiata. H. funifera mejoró las propiedades ópticas y mecánicas de todas las pastas recicladas estudiadas, demostrando su capacidad de refuerzo. Mientras que un 25% de H. funifera fue la cantidad óptima para reforzar la pasta de OCC, sólo un 10% fue necesario para la pasta de periódicos. Sin embargo, la mezcla óptima de OCC mostró un mayor incremento en todas las propiedades que la mezcla óptima de periódicos, a excepción del índice de tracción. Por último, todas las mezclas de pasta kraft de P. radiata proporcionaron hojas con menores propiedades mecánicas, a excepción del índice de desgarro, lo que sugiere que H. funifera es un material de refuerzo más eficaz.
AUTOMATED DATA ANALYSIS FOR CONSECUTIVE IMAGES FROM DROPLET COMBUSTION EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Dembia Christopher Lee , Liu Yu Cheng , Avedisian C. Thomas
Published: November 2012

A simple automated image analysis algorithm has been developed that processes consecutive images from high speed, high resolution digital images of burning fuel droplets. The droplets burn under conditions that promote spherical symmetry. The algorithm performs the tasks of edge detection of the droplet’s boundary using a grayscale intensity threshold, and shape fitting either a circle or ellipse to the droplet’s boundary. The results are compared to manual measurements of droplet diameters done with commercial software. Results show that it is possible to automate data analysis for consecutive droplet burning images even in the presence of a significant amount of noise from soot formation. An adaptive grayscale intensity threshold provides the ability to extract droplet diameters for the wide range of noise encountered. In instances where soot blocks portions of the droplet, the algorithm manages to provide accurate measurements if a circle fit is used instead of an ellipse fit, as an ellipse can be too accommodating to the disturbance.
Editorial
Authors: Fort Mônica , Stacheski Denise
Published: November 2012

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Por uma nova ética na publicidade infantil: alternativas frente às propostas em discussão
Authors: Bragaglia Ana Paula , Cabral Adilson , Martins Ingrid Schumann Seabra
Published: November 2012

A proposta deste artigo é sistematizar contribuições para a compreensão de uma via diferenciada sobre o debate referente à publicidade relacionada ao público infantil, polarizado entre as concepções da sociedade civil, que sugere não compreender a publicidade como atividade produtiva relevante, e o mercado, que parece não se dispor, na prática, a compreender a publicidade como atividade capaz de se pautarem princípios socialmente responsáveis. É fruto de uma pesquisa conduzida desde agosto de 2010, no âmbito do projeto “Publicidade e criança: diálogos possíveis sob o marco ético-legal”, apoiado pelo Edital PIBIC/CNPq de 2010-2011, e busca, a partir do levantamento bibliográfico e documental sobre o tema, apresentar uma proposta intermediária em termos de alternativas éticas, para além, portanto, da proibição completa ou restrição de horários de veiculação.
Comunicação e sensibilidade
Authors: Menezes Luiz Maurício Bentim da Rocha
Published: November 2012

Defendemos com este trabalho que, no ato de comunicar, é necessário muito mais do que uma linguagem estruturada, pois tal ato para se realizar, deve estar intimamente ligado às emoções.O Homem é um ser da linguagem, não podendo, desta forma, escapar a ela. No entanto, existe uma necessidade frequente nele de expressar aquilo que sente, e esta não consegue ser suprida somente por meio da linguagem. O Amor é um destes fortes sentimentos que move o Homem para comunicar,numa necessidade de atingir algo para além das palavras. Para complementar nosso estudo,efetuamos uma análise de alguns poemas de Alberto Caeiro, que, nas suas diferenças, consegue falar desse profundo e complicado sentimento.
Comunicação comunitária e jornalismo cidadão: diferenças teóricas e a apropriação mercadológica
Authors: Teixeira Thays Helena Silva
Published: November 2012

Por meio de apresentação sistemática dos conceitos sobre comunicação comunitária e jornalismo cidadão, busca-se compará-los de modo a identificar divergências e semelhanças. A proposta é verificar que elementos os aproximam e os distanciam na pesquisa em comunicação e como esses elementos atingem o processo de produção de conteúdo nas empresas de comunicação ou são apropriados por elas. Pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem dialética e que não se fecha nos termos apresentados, constitui espaço de debate do ponto de vista epistemológico. Conclui-se que esses conceitos da comunicação estão em constante transformação visando a novo formato de produção de conteúdos, de fontes participativas e distribuição de novas formas de produtos midiáticos, e que acabam sendo absorvidas pela lógica de mercado, mas que apresentam diferenciações fundamentais. Os conceitos ainda conservam sua validade teórica.
O fenômeno da coopetição em arranjos produtivos locais: uma análise sob diferentes abordagens
Authors: Fumagalli Luis André Wernecke , Bispo Cristiano Molinari , Gimenez Fernando Antonio Prado
Published: November 2012

A natureza da competição entre empresas dos mais diversos setores da economia tem sofrido modificações nos últi­mos anos e, dentre as suas implicações, destaca-se a necessidade da criação de alianças estratégicas para, no mínimo, manter os níveis de faturamento e, se possível, ampliá-los. Os novos cenários competitivos globalizados passaram a ser dominados pelas economias de escala, sufocando as pequenas empresas que permaneceram atadas a custos fixos muito elevados. Recentemente, os micros e pequenos empresários têm buscado formar alianças entre si para se equi­pararem com os grandes players com relação à eficiência em custos e nos demais benefícios da economia de escala. Essas alianças se manifestam de diversas formas: desde a afiliação informal na qual empresas demonstram interesses similares e algumas vezes boa fé para suportarem-se mutuamente, até relações contratuais mais desenvolvidas e in­tegradas como as joint ventures. O principal objetivo deste ensaio é propor uma análise do fenômeno da coopetição (competição e cooperação de forma simultânea) em arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) a partir da perspectiva das con­figurações, essencialmente protagonizada por Miller (1987). A market-based view (MBV) e a resource-based view (RBV) são adicionadas à discussão para auxiliar a compreensão da origem da vantagem competitiva das organizações, esta última eminentemente a partir da tipologia de Greene, Brush e Brown (1997) e do conceito de construção da base de recursos de Brush, Greene e Hart (2001). Essa conclusão se consegue com a observação dessa discussão é que o alto grau de configuração pode resultar em uma série de vantagens sobre os seguintes pontos: sinergia, clareza de direção e coordenação, dificuldade de imitação, competência distintiva, comprometimento, velocidade e economia.
A relação entre competências organizacionais e os resultados dos processos de inovação
Authors: Teh Chang Chuan , Marx Roberto
Published: November 2012

A inovação é reconhecidamente uma das principais fontes de vantagem competitiva e, consequentemente, de criação de valor. Para maximizar sua contribuição, é necessário analisar os elementos que contribuem para os resultados da inovação. Este trabalho analisa a relação entre os resultados dos processos de inovação e as competências organizacionais em empresas brasileiras de tecnologia da informação, aplicando a metodologia de estudo de casos múltiplos. Desta forma, o estudo tenta contribuir para o entendimento da influência das competências organizacionais, tais como o processo de inovação, gestão do conhecimento e estrutura orga­nizacional, nos resultados inovativos, tais como o lançamento de novos produtos. Os dados foram obtidos em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, aplicou-se o questionário de avaliação da cadeia de valor da inovação proposta por Hansen e Birkinshaw (2007) aos gestores relacionados à inovação nas empresas selecionadas. Na etapa seguinte, foram realizadas as entrevistas individuais e o cruzamento e análise das informações. A pesquisa conclui que os resultados inovativos são positivamente relacionados e possuem influência relevante do pro­cesso de inovação e há influência relevante da estrutura organizacional. Entretanto os resultados inovativos não possuem relação positiva e influência relevante da gestão do conhecimento. É importante destacar que os resultados não são conclusivos e mais pesquisas serão necessárias.
A gestão da experiência do cliente no varejo
Authors: Callegare Ana Rita Catelan , Brasil Vinícius Sittoni
Published: November 2012

Diversos autores destacam o papel central dos componentes experienciais no consumo, e significativos esfor­ços de pesquisa em marketing são direcionados ao entendimento das experiências de consumo sob a ótica do consumidor. Porém a implantação da Gestão da Experiência do Cliente (GEC), pelas empresas, tem recebido menor atenção. Schmitt, Prahalad e Ramaswamy destacam a necessidade de as empresas planejarem adequa­damente a proposta experiencial, estruturando mecanismos capazes de proporcionar ao consumidor a opor­tunidade de cocriar valor, a partir de suas interações com empresa, marca ou produto. Este artigo se propõe a discutir um caso de implantação da GEC no contexto varejista. A partir de entrevistas com gestores, obser­vação em lojas e análise de dados secundários, buscou-se contrapor a proposta da empresa com os modelos teóricos, em particular do Modelo DART. Os resultados apontam para a boa convergência entre teoria e prática, demonstrando as características individuais da experiência, bem como sustenta a GEC como uma opção ao posicionamento estratégico no varejo. Igualmente, identificam-se elementos alinhados com o Modelo DART.
Prostanthera tallowa: a new species from New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Conn Barry John , Wilson Trevor C
Published: November 2012

Prostanthera tallowa B.J.Conn & T.C.Wilson (Lamiaceae) is possibly a vulnerable species that is here described from the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
New species and variation in Lepidobolus (Restionaceae) from Western Australia
Authors: Briggs Barbara
Published: November 2012

Names are provided for one species of Sporadanthus from the south of Western Australia (S. rivularis), five species of Lepyrodia from the same region (L. curvescens, L. extensa, L. fortunata, L. porterae and L. riparia) and four from eastern Australia (L. imitans, L. cryptica, L. oligocolea and L. verruculosa). These new eastern species have previously all been included within L. scariosa sens. lat. Seed surface patterns assist in characterizing the species. A lectotype, L. scariosa R.Br., is designated for Lepyrodia and a lectotype also designated for L. scariosa. There is evidence suggesting some hybridisation in various combinations of L. scariosa, the species allied to L. scariosa, and L. anarthria.
Taxonomic Status of Diploid Southern Hemisphere Brackens (Pteridium: Dennstaedtiaceae)
Authors: Thomson John
Published: November 2012

Diploid bracken ferns separate morphologically, genetically and reproductively into a predominantly northern hemisphere clade comprising 11 subspecies placed in Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn and a predominantly southern hemisphere Austral/South American clade of two taxa. Circumscription of Pteridium esculentum (G.Forst.) Cockayne is here emended to include both taxa of the southern clade, respectively P. esculentum subsp. esculentum from Australasia and P. esculentum subsp. arachnoideum (Kaulf.) J.A.Thomson comb. nov. from Central and South America.
Lectotypification of Glossocardia orthochaeta (F.Muell.) Veldkamp (Asteraceae: Coreopsideae)
Authors: Orchard Anthony
Published: November 2012

As per paper
Genetic and cellular evidence of decreased inflammation associated with reduced incidence of posttraumatic arthritis in MRL/MpJ mice
Authors: Lewis John S. , Furman Bridgette D. , Zeitler Evan , Huebner Janet L. , Kraus Virginia B. , Guilak Farshid , Olson Steven A.
Published: November 2012

Objective

To examine the relationship between inflammation and posttraumatic arthritis (PTA) in a murine intraarticular fracture model.

Methods

Male C57BL/6 and MRL/MpJ “superhealer” mice received tibial plateau fractures using a previously established method. Mice were killed on day 0 (within 4 hours of fracture) and days 1, 3, 5, 7, 28, and 56 after fracture. Synovial tissue samples, obtained prior to fracture and on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 after fracture, were examined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Synovial fluid and serum samples were collected to measure cytokine concentrations, using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Whole joints were examined histologically for the extent of synovitis and cartilage degradation, and joint tissue samples from all time points were analyzed immunohistochemically to evaluate the distribution of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1).

Results

Compared to C57BL/6 mice, MRL/MpJ mice had less severe intraarticular and systemic inflammation following joint injury, as evidenced by lower gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α and IL‐1β in the synovial tissue and lower protein levels of IL‐1α and IL‐1β in the synovial fluid, serum, and joint tissues. Furthermore, after joint injury, MRL/MpJ mice had lower gene expression of macrophage inflammatory proteins and macrophage‐derived chemokine (CCL22) in the synovial tissue, and also had reduced acute and late‐stage infiltration of synovial macrophages.

Conclusion

C57BL/6 mice exhibited higher levels of inflammation than MRL/MpJ mice, indicating that MRL/MpJ mice are protected from PTA in this model. These data thus suggest an association between joint tissue inflammation and the development and progression of PTA in mice.
Electrospun biodegradable calcium containing poly(ester‐urethane)urea: Synthesis, fabrication, in vitro degradation, and biocompatibility evaluation
Authors: Nair Priya A. , Ramesh P.
Published: November 2012

In this work an in vitro degradable poly(ester‐urethane)urea (PEUU) was synthesized using polycaprolactone diol, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and calcium salt of p‐aminobenzoic acid. The synthesized polymer was characterized by 1H‐NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and viscosity studies. Scaffolds having random micro fibrous structures were fabricated from PEUU by electrospinning process. The thermal properties of the scaffold were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. The mechanical property evaluation showed that the scaffold possess sufficiently high tensile strength of 16 MPa. The in vitro degradation studies of the electrospun scaffold were carried out in phosphate buffer saline for 6 months. The average mass loss of the scaffold after 6 months of hydrolytic degradation was 25%. FTIR spectroscopy study confirmed the degradation of the PEUU from decrease in intensity of 1400 cm−1 peak corresponding to ionic carboxylate group. Presence of amine group and calcium ions in the degradation medium further confirmed the degradation of the hard segment in the hydrolytic medium. The mechanical property evaluation of the scaffold indicated a gradual decrease in tensile strength and modulus whereas percentage elongation of the scaffold increases with time of in vitro degradation. The morphological evaluation of the scaffold after degradation by SEM shows evidence of broken fibers and pores in the scaffold. Preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity test demonstrated that both the material and the degradation products were noncytotoxic in nature and the material showed good proliferation to L‐929 cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Attached growth systems for wastewater treatment in small and rural communities: a review
Authors: Loupasaki Eleftheria , Diamadopoulos Evan
Published: November 2012

This paper reviews the application of attached growth processes for municipal wastewater treatment. Attached growth processes are classified as aerobic (either aerated or non‐aerated), anaerobic and hybrid (anaerobic/anoxic and aerobic). The main advantage of attached growth systems is that they maintain a high concentration of microorganisms resulting in high removal rates at relatively small hydraulic retention times. The basic design and operational characteristics of various systems are presented in terms of packing materials, organic loading rates, treatment temperature, as well as achieved removal rates. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Teaching science from cultural points of intersection
Authors: Grimberg Bruna Irene , Gummer Edith
Published: November 2012

This study focuses on a professional development program for science teachers near or on American Indian reservations in Montana. This program was framed by culturally relevant pedagogy premises and was characterized by instructional strategies and content foci resulting from the intersection between three cultures: tribal, science teaching, and science. The study employs a quasi‐experimental design and quantitative methods to examine the impact of the program on teachers' practice and beliefs, and to determine the relationship between student‐centered equity‐focused instruction and students' science test score gains. Results of the analyses indicate that after 2 years in the program teachers changed their teaching practices and beliefs about their ability to teach science and to implement equitable instruction in a way that positively impacted students' performance. Using a multiple regression analysis it was found that gains in teacher beliefs about their ability to implement equitable strategies and the increase of teaching strategies that prompt students to make connections between science and their real‐life issues significantly explained the 36.7% of the variance of student science test scores gains in treatment classrooms. No significant changes in beliefs or teaching strategies were found for comparison teachers. The results obtained from this study contribute to the identification of characteristics of a professional development program that positively impacted the science teaching of American Indian students. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:12–32, 2013