bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between appearance anxiety and depression among students in a medical university in China: a serial multiple mediation model
Authors: Xian Xiaobing , Niu Tengfei , Zhang Yu , Zhou Xilin , Wang Xinxin , Du Xin , Qu Linhan , Mao Binyi , He Ying , Chen Xiyu , Ye Mengliang
Published: March 2024

Background

Appearance anxiety and depression have become common and global public health problems worldwide, especially among adolescents. However, few studies have revealed the mechanisms between them. This study aimed to explore the multiple mediating roles of interpersonal sensitivity and social support between appearance anxiety and depression among medical college students.

Methods

With 13 invalid samples excluded, 724 college students participated in our survey and completed questionnaires. The average age of 724 samples was 19.8 ± 2.02 including freshman to senior year and graduate school and above; 31.9% of the participants were male and 68.1% were female. SPSS 25.0 and Hayes’ PROCESS macro were used for statistical description, correlation analysis and built multiple mediation models.

Results

Appearance anxiety can not only directly affect depression, but also indirectly affect depression through three significant mediating pathways: (1) IS (B = 0.106, 95% CI [0.082–0.132]), which accounted for 49.77% of the total effect, (2) SS (B = 0.018, 95% CI [0.008–0.031]), which accounted for 8.45% of the total effect, and (3) IS and SS (B = 0.008, 95% CI [0.003–0.014]), which accounted for 3.76% of the total effect. And the total mediating effect was 61.97%.

Limitations

It is a cross-sectional research method and the causal relationship is unclear.

Conclusions

This study found that lower interpersonal sensitivity and higher social support can effectively reduce depression caused by appearance anxiety among college students. The schools and relevant departments should take measures to reduce the interpersonal sensitivity of college students and establish reliable social support, so as to reduce the occurrence of depression.
Identifying app components that promote physical activity: a group concept mapping study
Authors: Braun Maya , Carlier Stéphanie , De Backere Femke , Van De Velde Marie , De Turck Filip , Crombez Geert , De Paepe Annick L.
Published: March 2024

Background

Digital interventions are a promising avenue to promote physical activity in healthy adults. Current practices recommend to include end-users early on in the development process. This study focuses on the wishes and needs of users regarding an a mobile health (mHealth) application that promotes physical activity in healthy adults, and on the differences between participants who do or do not meet the World Health Organization’s recommendation of an equivalent of 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity.

Methods

We used a mixed-method design called Group Concept Mapping. In a first phase, we collected statements completing the prompt “In an app that helps me move more, I would like to see/ do/ learn the following…” during four brainstorming sessions with physically inactive individuals (n = 19). The resulting 90 statements were then sorted and rated by a new group of participants (n = 46). Sorting data was aggregated, and (dis)similarity matrices were created using multidimensional scaling. Hierarchical clustering was applied using Ward’s method. Analyses were carried out for the entire group, a subgroup of active participants and a subgroup of inactive participants. Explorative analyses further investigated ratings of the clusters as a function of activity level, gender, age and education.

Results

Six clusters of statements were identified, namely ‘Ease-of-use and Self-monitoring’, ‘Technical Aspects and Advertisement’, ‘Personalised Information and Support’, ‘Motivational Aspects’, ‘Goal setting, goal review and rewards’, and ‘Social Features’. The cluster ‘Ease-of-use and Self-monitoring’ was rated highest in the overall group and the active subgroup, whereas the cluster ‘Technical Aspects and Advertisement’ was scored as most relevant in the inactive subgroup. For all groups, the cluster ‘Social Features’ was scored the lowest. Explorative analysis revealed minor between-group differences.

Discussion

The present study identified priorities of users for an mHealth application that promotes physical activity. First, the application should be user-friendly and accessible. Second, the application should provide personalized support and information. Third, users should be able to monitor their behaviour and compare their current activity to their past performance. Fourth, users should be provided autonomy within the app, such as over which and how many notifications they would like to receive, and whether or not they want to engage with social features. These priorities can serve as guiding principles for developing mHealth applications to promote physical activity in the general population.
Innovation management: a bibliometric review
Authors: Girardi Romullo
Published: March 2024

In the face of rapidly evolving technology and heightened global competition, fostering an innovation culture is paramount for organizations. Given the significance and intricacy of innovation management implementation, many researchers have proposed structured management approaches. This article offers a quantitative bibliometric analysis of these approaches using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. It examines the distribution of publications, key sources, interactions among sources, predominant approaches, and emerging research topics. The findings reveal that open innovation is the most prevalent approach. Furthermore, sustainability and information technology aspects like artificial intelligence, big data, industry 4.0, and digital transformation are notable in recent innovation management studies.
Pericardial Effusion and Superficial Abdominal Abscess as Complications of Malposed PICC Line in a Preterm Neonate: A Case Report
Authors: Komandla Asritha , Rawat Aditi , Karotkar Sagar , Lakhakhar Bhavana
Published: March 2024

In neonatal critical care units, peripherally inserted central catheter lines are frequently used to provide venous access for continuous parenteral nutrition and medications in newborns. In this case report, a male neonate weighing 1270 grams was on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for hyaline membrane disease and initially received Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) through a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) in the left long saphenous vein on the second day. The baby developed tachycardia, respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation, and erythematous swelling over the paraumbilical region. A diagnosis of pericardial effusion and superficial abdominal abscess secondary to a malposed PICC line in a preterm, very low birth weight neonate was made. Suspecting a misplaced line, it was immediately removed, and the patient showed improvement over the next 24 hours. Within the next 48 hours, the patient was extubated to CPAP. Therefore, daily inspection by an expert, as well as confirmation of the central line tip, will aid in preventing delays in detecting complications.
Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Alone and 0.5% Nanocurcumin Gel with Photobiomodulation in Treating Myogenous Temporomandibular Disorders: Protocol for a Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Shinde Sourabh B , Lohe Vidya K
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) encompass a variety of clinical dysfunctions affecting the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and nearby tissues. Pain typically originates from the muscles associated with the functional movements of these structures. Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been used in TMD patients to control inflammation and disrupt the stress-pain-stress cycle. Curcuma longa is a significant plant in Asia used for medicinal purposes. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a hydrophobic bioactive compound commonly found in the rhizome of C. longa. Considerable attention has been given in recent years to its various pharmacological actions. The available research has shown significant potential in inflammation control, with nanorange preparations of curcumin (Nanocurcumin) enhancing the pharmacological actions and benefits of curcumin, which were not markedly achievable before. Need for the study: The TMDs are among the most common types of disorders associated with orofacial pain. Conditions originating from stress related to the joint often impact the associated muscles, initiating the stress-pain-stress cycle. As TMDs do not have a definitive treatment plan, further research is needed regarding the treatment associated with TMDs. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of photobiomodulation alone and 0.5% nanocurcumin gel with photobiomodulation in treating myogenous TMDs. Methodology: In the present randomised clinical trial, 44 patients with myogenous TMDs will be included. The patients will be divided into two groups: Group A will receive laser applications at the trigger zones, and Group B will receive the application of 0.5% nanocurcumin gel along with laser at the trigger zones. Patients will be assessed for jaw opening, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory, and Visual Analogue Score after four weeks.
Diagnosis of Cardiac Metastasis on Pericardial Fluid Cytology in a Patient of Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Ramnik , Billawaria Sonam , Desai Neha , Khawale Rutuja , Patil Gauri
Published: March 2024

Bladder cancer ranks as the 9th most common malignancy worldwide within the urinary system. Urothelial carcinoma stands as the predominant histologic type in the United States and Western Europe, constituting approximately 90% of bladder cancer cases. While common sites of metastasis for urothelial carcinoma typically involve regional and distinct lymph nodes, the liver, lungs, and bones, instances of metastasis to the pericardium are rare. Roughly 10% of urothelial carcinoma cases exhibit cardiac metastasis, often remaining clinically asymptomatic. Hereby, the authors present a rare case of symptomatic pericardial infiltration originating from urothelial carcinoma in a 32-year-old male. The patient initially presented with a two-week history of progressive dyspnoea on exertion and had been previously diagnosed with high-grade transitional cell carcinoma with squamous differentiation upon histopathological examination and urothelial carcinoma on a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan 12 months earlier. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient exhibited a partial response to the treatment. However, despite the effectiveness of the therapies, he developed dyspnoea and pericardial effusion. Although pericardial involvement in advanced malignancies is not uncommon, symptomatic cardiac metastasis from urothelial carcinoma remains rare. Radiographic studies revealed right-sided pleural effusion, while a Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the thorax and upper abdomen (plain and contrast) displayed severe bilateral pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and metastatic deposits in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Electrocardiography indicated sinus tachycardia, inverted T-waves in leads V1 to V5, and flattening of the T-wave in V6. The patient underwent pericardial tapping, yielding approximately 50 cc of pericardial fluid. A 10 cc of the pericardial fluid was subsequently sent for examination in the Pathology Department, with fluid cytology results indicating the presence of malignant cells.
Crossed Fused Ectopic Kidney with Stone Disease and Bifid Renal Pelvis: A Case Report
Authors: Satav Vikram , Gavade Ashish , Sabale Vilas , Mhaske Sunil , Asabe Shashikant
Published: March 2024

Crossed fused ectopic kidney is a rare congenital anomaly wherein the kidneys are present on the same side due to fusion. It is a rare disease that may remain undiagnosed throughout life. Its rarity and anatomical abnormality make any intervention challenging. A 32-year-old male patient presented with symptoms of pain in the abdomen and burning micturition for a year. Serum creatinine, along with other blood tests, was normal. X-ray KUB showed renal calculi in the region of the right kidney. However, a Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed that the left kidney was malrotated and fused with the lower pole of the right kidney, suggestive of crossed fused renal ectopia. A cystoscopy and retrograde pyelography were performed, followed by open pyelolithotomy, wherein calculi were removed, and a stent was placed. Through this case report, it is suggested that adequate presurgery evaluation is necessary for patients with such malformations.
Analysing Constraints Faced by Extension Personnel in Executing Kerala's Premier Agricultural Development Initiative, LEADS: A Comprehensive Examination
Authors: Sreekanth M S  , Podikunju Bindu
Published: March 2024

This research explores the hurdles encountered by extension personnel during the execution of Kerala's primary agricultural development initiative, LEADS (Lead Farmer-Centered Extension Advisory and Delivery Services). Through thorough examination, it investigates several constraints, including insufficient funding, delayed salary distribution, restricted crop coverage, and climate change challenges. Proposed strategies to enhance LEADS' effectiveness involve improving funding mechanisms, streamlining administrative processes, and incorporating innovative technologies and climate-resilient practices. Addressing these challenges has the potential to promote sustainable agricultural development, enhance farmer livelihoods, and bolster food security in Kerala and beyond. The study involved 120 extension personnel across four Kerala districts: Kannur, Kollam, Palakkad, and Wayanad.
Molecular Genetic Diversity of Manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Using Simple Sequence Repeated Markers (SSR) in the Kara Region of Togo
Authors: Adjata Kossikouma Djodji , Pita Simon Justin , Paul Aokpe Komi Amétépé , Agbetoho Yawovi Godwin , Dansou-Kodjo Kodjovi Atasse , Mivedor Assion Setu , Allado Senya Sakina
Published: March 2024

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a plant of the future, is one of the main crops with high genetic potential. Therefore, the knowledge of its genetic variability would be of great importance for its effective use in genetic improvement programs. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity of cassava cultivars present in the Kara region of Togo. Thus, a total of 91 cassava leaf samples collected in the 7 prefectures of the Kara region were analyzed using 7 pairs of SSR microsatellite primers. Fifty-three alleles were detected with an average of 7.57 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.63 to 0.83 with an average of 0.74, indicating a high level of marker polymorphism. Molecular analysis of variance revealed that the majority of variability occurred within individuals and accounted for 99 % of the total variation between individuals. Weak genetic differentiation (Fst=0.011) was also observed between populations. The genetic structuring model based on the Neighbour-Joining algorithm method divided the individuals into 6 groups independently of local names. These results indicate the presence of high genetic resource variability in the studied populations. Therefore, it would be important to implement management strategies to better conserve cassava genetic resources and to facilitate the identification of successful cultivars.
Comparative Analysis of Manihot esculenta (Cassava) Species Growth in Liberia Agro-ecological Zone
Authors: Yarnlay Mark , Lah Mercy Kou , Gaydaybu James Flomo
Published: March 2024

Manihot esculenta varieties were experimented in the tropical rain forest ecological zone of Liberia at Central Agricultural Research Institute with latitude 7°14"N and longitude 3°26"E to compare the growth indicators. The research was conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 with temperature mean of 33.47°C and mean relative humidity of 77.38 %. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Two local varieties of cassava known as Butter cassava and Bentenlay while the four exotic varieties coded as 91/0430, 92/0057, 01/0040 and 01.1206 where grown to compare the growth indicators. The Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used as the research design. The null hypothesis stated that the introduction of exotic breeds of cassava into the Liberia agro-ecological zone will not grow. At 9 months after planting, Bentenlay and Butter Cassava had no significant difference in their plant height means with 227.55 cm and 230.55 cm respectively. Even at 6 and 9 months after planting, there were no significant difference in the leave width means for all varieties. At the 9 months after planting the mean leave length showed no significant difference as same superscripts was ranked for all varieties. At 9 months after planting, the mean number of leaves showed no significant difference. At 9 months after planting, Bentenlay had the maximum mean of 39.62 for the number of petioles. At 9 months after planting, there were no significant difference in the mean number of branches. The conclusions reached here are based on the data findings gathered from the analysis, Bentenlay and Butter Cassava (local varieties) had the maximum plant height means. The other growth parameters mean like leave width, leave length, number of leaves results showed no significant difference. The six varieties of cassava did well in the sandy loam soil.
Bio-Efficacy of Newer Insecticides on Major Insect Pests of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Meena R.S. , Kumar Puneet , Prerana S.B.
Published: March 2024

Present study was carried out at the Farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during 2022-23. In order to study the bio-efficacy of insecticides; field experiment was laid with six treatments viz., chlorantraniliprole 0.53%G @ 29.81 g a.i/ha,chlorantraniliprole 0.53%G@39.75g a.i/ha, chlorantraniliprole 0.53%G@49.69 g a.i/ha,  chlorantraniliprole 0.4G@ 40 g a.i/ha and fipronil 0.3G @75 g a.i/ha including the untreated control. In case of stem borer and leaf folder chlorantraniliprole 0.53%GR @39.75g a.i/haprovided significantly better control followed by chlorantraniliprole 0.53% GR @ 49.69g a.i/ha, Fipronil 0.30% GR@ 75g a.i/hachlorantraniliprole 0.53%G @ 29.81 g a.i/ha and Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR@ 49.69g a.i/ha. It was concluded that the Bio-efficacy of insecticidal treatments against major pests of paddy showed that chlorantraniliprole 0.53%G 39.5g a.i/ha  was first best insecticidal treatment against both Lepidopteran insect pests of paddy.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Thant Khaing Phoo , Ngwe Kyaw , Moe Kyi , Win Theingi
Published: March 2024

Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. To investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth and yield of maize and to determine the suitable nitrogen fertilizer rate, an experiment was conducted by using Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at Shwe Baho village, Zayarthiri Township, Nay Pyi Taw in post monsoon season and monsoon season. The treatments were T1 (no nitrogen application), T2 (90 kg N ha-1), T3 (120 kg N ha-1), T4 (150 kg N ha-1) and T5 (180 kg N ha-1) treatments. The tested maize variety was pacific-789 hybrid. According to the results, application of nitrogen gave the significant effect on grain yield and yield components of maize in both seasons. The superior maize yield was observed in all nitrogen treatments compared to control. The use of the highest nitrogen fertilizer rate (180 kg N ha-¹) in T5 gave the significant highest grain yield (7696.6 kg ha-¹) in post monsoon season and (8764.5 kg ha-¹) in monsoon season, respectively. In both seasons, the grain yield in T5 treatment was significantly increased about 62% over T1 treatment. Therefore, the application of nitrogen with the rate of T5 (180 kg ha-1) might be the appropriate rate to maximize the maize production. Considering the increased grain yield of the hybrid maize, nitrogen rate of T5 (180 kg ha-1) could be achieved in this study area.
Cross Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Tuberculosis among the District of Sudhnuti, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Najeeb Muhammad , Shah Zahid Hussain , Khan Muhammad Hameed , Haroon Muhammad , Siraj Nida
Published: March 2024

Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is a major health risk that is mostly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a member of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTC). Ten million cases of tuberculosis and 1.3 million deaths from the disease occur each year, making Mycobacterium tuberculosis one of the leading causes of death globally. Pakistan is ranked fifth among high-burden countries for tuberculosis (TB) and is expected to rank fourth for the prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB. As a result, tuberculosis poses a serious threat to public health in Pakistan. Tuberculosis is a common occurrence in Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
Aims: The current study aimed to find out the prevalence of tuberculosis in the defined population. 
Study Design:  The study was conducted in the District and Tehsil Headquarters Hospitals of District Sudhnuti AJK.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from all the District and Tehsil headquarters hospitals of Sudhnuti district from January 2019 to December 2019.
Methodology: Samples of sputum from suspected cases were gathered from district Sudhnuti hospitals and TB centers from January 2019 to December 2019. All the suspected cases were examined by sputum smear microscopy and then bacteriologically positive cases were further confirmed by GeneXpert. All positive cases were examined for multi-drug resistance by using GeneXpert.
Results: In the current study during the year 2019, 201 TB cases were reported from district Sudhnuti out of which 107 (53.23%) were males and 94 (46.76%) were females. The value of P=0.51 which is >0.05 is insignificant shows that Tuberculosis has no selective effect on a specific gender.  Pulmonary cases were 131 in number with 81 bacteriologically positive and 50 clinically diagnosed negative cases. Extra Pulmonary cases were 70 in number with 1 bacteriologically positive and 69 clinically diagnosed negative cases. Only 2 (0.99%) MDR cases were diagnosed and the case notification rate during 2019 was 66.
Conclusion: The current study shows that males are slightly more prone to TB in district Sudhnuti AJK as compared to females. Individuals with age >64 are more susceptible to TB when compared to individuals with age <15. The CNR during 2019 is 66 which is far away from the WHO set criteria. The CNR indicates that there is a need for improvement in the surveillance system.
Identification of Traits Associated with Drought Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Sabitha N. , Divya M. , Vardhan K Mohan Vishnu , Rao E. S. V. Narayana
Published: March 2024

The cotton genotypes viz; NDLH-1935, NDLH-1943, NDLH-1949, NDLH-1976, NDLH-1979, NDLH-2019, Sivanandi and NDLH-2005-4 recorded comparatively higher mean values for primary root length, shoot length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, relative water content and root/shoot ratio both under controlled and moisture-stress conditions out of 30 genotypes studied under greenhouse conditions at seedling stage during kharif, 2022-23 at RARS, Nandyal. Low to moderate range of phenotypic coefficients variability (9.54 to 25.22 and 14.16 to  24.67), higher heritability (93.00 to 98.30 and 96.30 to 99.80) coupled with higher genetic advance over mean (18.29 to 51.07 and 28.22 to 50.31) registered under controlled and moisture-stress conditions, respectively revealed the importance of additive gene action for all the characters studied. Primary root length had positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic associations with shoot length (0.3105** and 0.3211**), root dry weight (0.3294** and 0.3332**) and root/ shoot ratio (0.3688 **and 0.3753**) under controlled conditions while the same character showed either non significant or significant negative correlations (0.0355 and 0.0342, -0.0830 and -0.0702 and 0.2126** and -0.2230**) under moisture stress conditions. Shoot length showed non significant associations with all the characters studied under both the conditions. The phenotypic associations between shoot dry weight and root dry weight (0.7168** and 0.5431**) and root dry weight with root/ shoot ratio (0.8115** and 0.5515**) were significant and positive association at phenotypic level under controlled and moisture-stress conditions, respectively. Relative water content had non significant associations whereas root/ shoot ratio showed positive and significant associations with primary root length and non significant associations with all other characters under both the conditions. Based on mean values, heritability and genetic advance for primary root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio under both controlled and moisture stress conditions, the above characters may be considered as important parameters while selecting genotypes for improving drought tolerance ability in upland cotton.
Crude Oil Biodegradation Performance in Natural Seawater of a Trichoderma species from Decaying Mangrove Wood in East Kalimantan
Authors: Afrida Sitompul , Kumalasari Prapti Ira , Sinaga Jan Friadi , Amiruddin  , Yanto Dede Heri Yuli , Horisawa Sakae , Tamai Yutaka
Published: March 2024

Large-scale petroleum production poses environmental and human health risks, particularly due to petroleum contamination in marine environments. The aim of this study was to isolate and screen fungi inhabiting decaying mangrove wood in East Kalimantan with their ability to degrade crude oil in seawater. In the initial step, fungi were isolated using standard methods and screened for crude oil degradation and biomass production. Selected fungi were based on their significant biomass production. Subsequently, the selected fungus was cultured in three types of media based on natural seawater and crude oil at initial concentrations ranging from 1% to 5% (v/v). The biodegradation of crude oil was assessed spectrophotometrically at 420 nm. Out of the 17 decaying wood fungi, MG-07 exhibited significantly higher biomass production compared to the control medium (without crude oil). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that MG-07 degraded 20%–80% of the normal aliphatic compounds in the tested crude oils within 2 weeks. Furthermore, the growth and degradation efficiency of MG-07 was significantly enhanced when cultured in a natural seawater medium containing crude oil, supplemented with glucose (20 g/L) and Tween 80 (1% v/v). The highest observed biomass gains were 867%, with a biodegradation efficiency of 31.6% at a crude oil concentration of 1%. MG-07 was identified as Trichoderma sp. based on the internal transcribed spacer region. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that MG-07 has significant potential for degrading crude oil in saline environments. These findings provide valuable insights for the application of fungi in marine oil spill remediation.
Profiling of Sediments from Brackishwater Shrimp Ponds in Navsari, Gujarat, India
Authors: Parmar Bindiya K. , Sawant Milind S. , Chovatia Ravikumar M. , Mehta Pooja
Published: March 2024

The present study was carried out to observe the soil characteristic of selected shrimp farms near Navsari, Gujarat considering pond size, stocking density and culture practice. Soil sampling was carried out for one summer crop during February to July 2022 from Aat, Karadi and Samapor shrimp farms, Navsari. Three ponds from each shrimp farm were selected for sampling. Soil parameters comprising pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, available nitrogen and available phosphorus ranged from 8.04 to 9.86, 0.530 to 4.318 dS m-1, 0.42 to 2.22%, 22.13 to 191.84 kg ha-1 and 29.26 to 97.70 kg ha-1 respectively. No significant difference (p>0.05) were observed in soil parameters with respect to locations except parameters electrical conductivity and available phosphorus (p<0.05). The current study demonstrated that pond size and stocking density both had a significant impact on characteristics of soil as duration of culture progressed.
Innovative Module Design for Advanced Automated Irrigation Systems
Authors: Yadav Rashmi , Kushwah Ajay , Sangeeta  , Soren Jogendra , Ganachari Himalaya , Singh Indraveer
Published: March 2024

Aim:The paper aims to develop a soil moisture sensor utilizing copper material to enhance irrigation efficiency in regions like India. Calibration using the gravimetric method showcased the sensor's superior performance across various soil types. Integrated with an Arduino platform, an automated irrigation module was successfully tested. The developed system offers a practical solution for automated irrigation, even in water-scarce environments.

Methodology: The study conducted in the Soil and Water Conservation Engineering Laboratory involved fabricating a soil moisture sensor with copper material. The experimental setup comprised four units: power supply, sensing, controller, and display. Calibration involved the standard gravimetric method to establish a linear equation correlating moisture sensor readings with soil moisture content.

Results: Calibration revealed a linear relationship between the developed sensor's analog values and soil moisture content. Validation against the gravimetric method demonstrated high accuracy across the tested soil types and depths. Statistical analysis yielded low RMSE values (1.02, 1.013, and 1.022), high R² values, and a satisfactory NSE (0.90, 0.90, 0.89), confirming the sensor's reliability and precision.

Conclusion: The developed soil moisture sensor, validated through rigorous testing, demonstrates superior performance across tested soil types. Integrated into an automated irrigation module, it offers an efficient solution for irrigation automation, contributing to water conservation and improved crop productivity.
Contribution of Job Design and Ergonomics Considerations on Employee Performance in Service Sectors in Tanzania: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Arthur Begarving , Mnasi Haji Musa , Omari Habibu
Published: March 2024

Aim: This study aimed to focus on discussing involvement of several techniques that used in job design which are job rotation, job enlargement, job enrichment, employee’s empowerment, and autonomy toward performance of manufacturing sectors as well focusing on discussing job design and ergonomic effect on employee performances in Tanzania
Methodology: The study adopted investigative philosophy (Antipositivism) that advocate qualitative data methods; the cross-sectional survey design was used to measure variables relationship through reviewed of published literatures as well as asking collect information from key informants. The study focus was company’s operating on services sector that located in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya Cities. 20 past literatures were reviewed together with 9 key informant employees from services offered companies in study areas. The study adopted content analysis for analyzing data collected using interview technique integrated with Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-Scr) to analyses previous literatures.
Findings: From the study results, there were significant relationship between job design techniques and employee motivation that lead to performance of services sector companies. This means there necessary to construct job design that promote employee performances. Also, in adaptation of job design the organization should consider improvement of workplace environment and office design overall to facilitate safety and health workplace relationship. Recommendations: The study recommendations to the companies are to reconsidered human factors when developing job structure to ensure physical, cognitive ergonomics, and organizational ergonomics are incorporated within job framework and reduce mental and physical problem related to working environment.
Performance evaluation of a silk protein‐based matrix for the enzymatic conversion of tyrosine to L‐DOPA
Authors: Acharya Chitrangada , Kumar Veerendra , Sen Ramkrishna , Kundu Subhas C.
Published: November 2007

L‐DOPA (3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐L‐alanine), one of the most important intermediates in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, is used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. With a view of developing a cheaper and more effective method for the bioconversion of tyrosine to L‐DOPA, the potential and performance of a novel fibrous matrix prepared from Bombyx mori silk protein fibroin were evaluated for the immobilization of tyrosinase. Cross‐linkage between fibroin and tyrosinase using glutaraldehyde was evident from Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy. Maximum product formation occurred when 1000 U enzyme was immobilized on 20 mg fibroin. The optimum conditions for maximal L‐DOPA production using immobilized tyrosinase were 40°C and pH 5.5, conditions that caused a 50% loss of free enzyme activity. Immobilized tyrosinase also showed to have a higher degree of stability during storage and it retained 80% of its original activity after repeated reuses. The efficiency of this immobilized tyrosinase system to produce L‐DOPA was high, as evident from a high effectiveness factor, between 0.7 and 0.8, thereby making this method feasible for the large‐scale production of L‐DOPA.
The efficacy of ECT in double depression
Authors: Prudic Joan , Sackeim Harold A. , Devanand D. P. , Kiersky Judith E.
Published: November 2007

Evidence for the efficacy of antidepressant medications in populations with chronic or double depression has been encouraging. However, the efficacy of ECT in double depression has not been examined previously. One hundred patients met the Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depression; 75 patients had major depression only and 25 had major depression superimposed on intermittent or minor depression (double depression). Short‐term clinical response to ECT and relapse rates were compared in the two groups. Overall, patients with double depression were as likely to respond to ECT as patients with major depression only and both groups showed the same percentage change in symptoms. This suggested that ECT was effective in the acute treatment of the double depressed. Symptom severity at baseline was unrelated to ECT outcome among patients with major depression alone. In contrast, double depressed patients who responded to ECT had particularly severe baseline symptomatology. However, double depressed responders had more residual symptoms immediately and one week following the ECT course compared to ECT responders with major depression only. There also were indications that relapse during the year following ECT was more likely in the double depressed. In general, these findings regarding the short‐term and long‐term efficacy of ECT in double depression parallel those reported for antidepressant medications. Depression 1:38–44 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI detection of abnormality in the corpus callosum and late‐onset depression
Authors: Doraiswamy P. Murali , Reeder Kenneth P. , Logue Patrick E. , Husain Mustafa M. , Figiel Gary S. , Krishnan K Ranga R. , Nemeroff Charles B.
Published: November 2007

A Case of a 75‐year‐old female with late‐onset depression and MRI finding of a T2 signal hyperintensity in the anterior corpus callosum is presented. This case furthers the clinical anatomical association between late‐onset mood disorders and frontal subcortical cere‐brovascular disease. Depression 1:108–109 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Routine thyroid screening in psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Warner M. Dhyanne , Nader Shahla , Griffin Moya , Hermann Stephen , Shah Nuran , Peabody Cecilia A.
Published: November 2007

Routine thyroid screening tests are frequently ordered in psychiatric hospitals but there is no substantial evidence to justify this practice. Furthermore, there is little evidence to substantiate the belief that thyroid disease is more commonly associated with mood disorders than other psychiatric disorders. The few reports available do not take age and sex into account. The authors attempted to clarify both of these issues. A retrospective review of 3,188 psychiatric inpatient charts was conducted to determine the usefulness of routine thyroid junction tests (TFTs). While 25% of this population exhibited some abnormality in TFTs, the majority were judged insignificant. There was a 2.5% prevalence of thyroid disease and a 0.5% incidence of newly diagnosed thyroid disease based solely on screening TFTs. There was a significant relationship between mood disorders and thyroid disease with age and sex held constant. The prevalence of thyroid disease in psychiatric patients is consistent with the general population. Since there was a significant relationship between mood disorders and thyroid disease, if screening TFTs are performed, they may be most appropriate in this group. Whether routine TFTs should or should not be done on all psychiatric inpatients is not answered with this study. Depression 1:143–148 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine concentrations and dynamics in depressed patients and normal volunteers
Authors: Geracioti Thomas D. , Schmidt Dennis , Ekhator Nosa N. , Shelton Richard , Parris Winston , Loosen Peter T. , Ebert Michael H.
Published: November 2007

Abnormalities in central nervous system (CNS) noradrenergic concentrations or dynamics have been postulated to occur in major depression, although direct measurements of norepinephrine concentrations in single samples of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have failed to find significant differences between depressed patients and normal or neurological controls. However, the study of CNS noradrenergic dynamics under physiologic conditions has not been achieved because of the technical limitations of lumbar puncture. In the present study, we used a serial sampling technique in order to longitudinally assess CSF norepinephrine concentrations in ten healthy volunteers and ten depressed patients, smokers as well as non‐smokers, while fasting and after the physiologic perturbation of eating. We continuously sampled CSF via indwelling subarachnoid catheters from 1100 to 1700 h and measured norepinephrine at 10 min intervals. A standardized mixed liquid meal was administered at 1300 h, breaking a 17 h fast. We found wide inter‐individual variability in CSF norepinephrine concentrations in both groups, but no difference in CSF norepinephrine concentration between depressed patients (1.20 ± 0.85 pmol/ml, mean ± SD) and normal subjects (1.07 ± 0.15 pmol/ml). Significant intra‐individual concentration variability over time was observed, which did not differ between healthy subjects and depressed patients. Hourly plasma norepinephrine concentrations were similar in normal volunteers and depressed patients. Mean plasma norepinephrine levels tended to correlate modestly with mean CSF norepinephrine concentrations. Body mass index was inversely correlated with CSF norepinephrine concentration but showed no significant relationship to plasma norepinephrine. Elevated CSF and plasma norepinephrine concentrations were, however, seen in depressed cigarette smokers compared to non‐smokers. A rise in CSF norepinephrine was observed during the experiment in all subjects combined, suggesting either a response to a meal or a normal circadian rhythm. These data indicate that CSF norepinephrine concentrations do not distinguish between depressed patients and normal volunteers. Depression 1:149–155 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurochemical evidence that the antidepressant paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in man
Authors: Nelson David R. , Palmer Katherine J. , Tasker Timothy C. G. , Tulloch Ian F.
Published: November 2007

Paroxetine, a clinically effective antidepressant, has been shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT, or serotonin) reuptake in rodent brain tissues; however, to date only indirect evidence of similar selectivity in man has been available. In the current study, paroxetine (10 to 40 mg daily) or placebo was administered to young, healthy volunteers for 28 d. Plasma samples were obtained at regular intervals and were assessedfor either [3H]‐ 5‐HT or [3H]‐norepinephrine (NE) uptake inhibiting properties in rat cortical synaptosomal preparations. Plasma samples obtained from those subjects administered paroxetine demonstrated weak inhibition of [3H]‐5‐HT uptake into rat cortical synaptosomal preparations 2, 4, and 6 h after the first dose was administered on day 1. However, significant inhibition was observed on day 7 and at steady‐state levels on day 28 (54% and 66%, respectively). No inhibition of [3H]‐5‐HT uptake was observed with plasma samples obtained following a 2 week wash‐outperiod (day 42). Plasma samples obtained from subjects administered paroxetine had no effect on [3H]‐NE uptake, while plasma samples from subjects administered placebo did not alter [3H]‐5‐HT or [3H]‐NE uptake. These results demonstrate that paroxetine, at clinically relevant doses, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in man. Depression 1:263–267 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eeg sleep correlates of recurrence of depression on active medication
Authors: Kupfer David J. , Frank Ellen , McEachran Ann B. , Grochocinski Victoria J. , Ehlers Cindy L.
Published: November 2007

In this study we sought to examine whether reduced slow wave sleep (delta sleep) parameters were related to the risk of recurrence of major depression in patients receiving pharmacologic maintenance treatment. The EEG sleep of 53 patients was examined on three occasions: while drug‐free during an index episode, while on imipramine at the point of stabilization of the index episode, and after 20 weeks of continuation therapy on imipramine. While a trend for total delta wave counts at the index episode evaluation was noted with time to recurrence using the Cox proportional hazards model, a stronger association was found with delta wave counts after 20 weeks of imipramine therapy (P =. 019). The intraclass correlation for the 3 time points was very high (.78) indicating that the amount of total delta sleep remained stable throughout all conditions. These findings support the notion that specific slow wave sleep measures may represent persistent or “trait‐like” abnormalities with prognostic significance in recurrent depression. Depression 1:300–308 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Behavioral and electrophysiological effects of early repeated maternal separation
Authors: Kaneko W. M. , Riley E. P. , Ehlers C. L.
Published: November 2007

Maternal deprivation or “lack of care” has been identified as one possible risk factor in the development of psychopathology. Animal models of maternal deprivation have been developed in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying its possible long‐term physiological and/or behavioral effects. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic early maternal separation on electrophysiology and behavior in adult male and female rats. Sprague‐Dawley rats were maternally separated 6 h each day from postnatal day 2 (PN2) to PN6 and from PN9 to PN13. Rats were evaluated at 15 to 18 weeks of age. Overall, adult female rats were found to have higher amounts of slow waves, displayed increased locomotor behavior in photocell cages, and exhibited decreased “anxiety” in novel environments. Adult rats who had experienced early maternal separation were found to have increases in slow wave sleep. Early, repeated maternal separation was also found to reduce the amplitude of the NI component of the event related potential. Behaviorally, the maternally separated rats were less “anxious” as revealed by the open field assessment, but not by the elevated plus maze test. This study suggests that early, repeated maternal separation of 6 h/day may produce behavioral and electrophysiological effects that may be long‐lasting, but not necessarily detrimental to sleep or behavioral regulation. Depression 2:43–53 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absence of emergent suicidal ideation during treatment: A comparative, controlled, double‐blind analysis employing several distinct antidepressants
Authors: Tollefson Gary D. , Tollefson Sherrie L. , Sayler Mary E. , Luxenberg Michael G.
Published: November 2007

We investigated 243 patients from a series of comparator and/or placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trials of several mechanistically distinct antidepressants. Data were analyzed for changes in suicidal ideation during trial participation.

Ambulatory referrals with a current DSM‐III‐R major depression, corroborated by a structured interview, were screened; those fulfilling entrance criteria began a 1‐week, single‐blind placebo run‐in. Pool 1 (placebo comparator) subjects who continued to meet entrance criteria at their baseline visit were blindly randomized to receive either placebo (n = 49) or one of several novel antidepressant drugs (n = 81). Pool 2 subjects (active comparator) were randomized to either a novel antidepressant (n = 66) or a tricyclic antidepressant comparator (n = 57). Trial duration ranged from 5 to 8 weeks. Patient compliance was monitored by a regular pill count from each subject's blister pack.

Analyses were conducted on Pool 1 and Pool 2 separately. Ego‐dystonic suicidal preoccupation or acts were not reported in either group. There was a statistically significant treatment difference in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale item 3 mean peak change (Pool 1); patients treated with a novel antidepressant demonstrated a mean decrease in HDRS item 3 (improvement), those patients randomized to placebo experienced a mean score increase (worsening). No statistically significant treatment difference in mean peak change difference factors (CDFs) between the novel antidepressants and conventional tricyclic antidepressant comparators (Pool 2) was observed. A statistically significant correlation between item 3 change and total HDRS‐17 change also emerged (both treatments within each pool).

Increased suicidal ideas/behaviors may emerge during depression “treatment.” However, in this study it occurred more frequently among placebo recipients, suggesting a change in suicidal ideation was a reflection of the underlying disease process. Not surprisingly, antidepressants improved suicidal ideation to a greater extent than placebo. Depression 2:73–79 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiating affective and characterologic DSM‐III‐R psychopathology in non‐treatment, community unipolar depressives
Authors: Kaye Arthur L. , McCullough James P. , Roberts W. Christopher , McCune Kathleen J. , Hampton Christianne , Kornstein Susan G.
Published: November 2007

The present study investigated affective and characterologic psychopathology in a sample of 41 community, non‐treatment unipolar depressed subjects. Based on DSM‐III‐R diagnostic criteria, subjects were placed into one of three groups: pure dysthymia, double depression, or pure major depression. All subjects were then administered the Personality Disorder Examination (PDE) to determine DSM‐III‐R, Axis II comorbidity. State depression and anxiety were also assessed at the Axis II interview. Depressive personality features were assessed as well. The groups with pure dysthymia or double depression exhibited proportionally higher Axis II rates and more depressive personality features than the pure major depression group. However, when Axis II prevalence rates were statistically compared among the three groups no statistically significant differences were found, a result that may be attributable to the small sample size. Overall, 37% of the subjects met criteria for one or more Axis II diagnoses. Results indicate substantial characterologic as well as affective features in unipolar depressives with dysthymia in the course. Depression 2:80–88 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.