bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anges et démons
Authors: Perpillou Jean-Louis
Published: December 2022

Dans ce texte posthume, qui fait suite à « Pouvoirs d’un chiffre », paru dans Ὀνοµάτων ἵστωρ. Mélanges offerts à Charles de Lamberterie (Louvain, Peeters, 2020, p. 637-650), Jean-Louis Perpillou examine trois nouvelles séries d’exemples de la formule « 3 fois 9 » : les inscriptions d’Asie Mineure impliquant le dieu Mèn, un rite agraire lituanien et son correspondant grec (Hérodote VIII, 137), ainsi que des bylines russes qui relatent des pratiques magiques adressées à des démons ou des (arch)anges. La valeur non comptable de cette formule, très probablement héritée, s’y trouve confirmée.
Des génitifs en -ō et autres « curiosités » dans le décret de Thétônion pour Sôtairos de Corinthe ( IG , IX 2, 257, Thessaliotide, V e s. av. J.-C.)
Authors: Boehm Isabelle , Helly Bruno
Published: December 2022

Depuis sa première publication en 1896, une petite plaque de bronze sur laquelle est gravé un décret en alphabet épichorique pour un certain Sôtairos de Corinthe, constitue un document important pour l’étude du dialecte thessalien. Les philologues ont voulu y reconnaître une suite de génitifs de noms propres en -ō que l’on considère comme marquant l’influence des dialectes doriens du Nord-Ouest sur les populations thessaliennes. On retrace ici l’historique des interprétations qui ont été données de ces formes, ainsi que des tentatives faites pour comprendre l’organisation du texte, en constatant que ni les unes ni les autres n’apportent de solutions satisfaisantes. À titre d’hypothèse nous proposons de reconnaître dans ces formes des ablatifs exprimant l’origine ou la filiation, re-caractérisés en génitifs par l’adjonction d’une préposition ἐς (thessalien pour ἐκ). Cette manière d’exprimer l’origine se retrouve dans la formule qui concerne des objets d’or et d’argent venant non pas d’un sanctuaire, mais d’un héros Belphaios, fils de Poséidon, que le bénéficiaire du décret a sauvés au profit de la cité de Thétônion, que l’on peut aujourd’hui localiser dans le Sud de la plaine thessalienne occidentale, en Thessaliotide.
Pragmatiques de la définition dans la rhétorique tardive
Authors: Chiron Pierre
Published: December 2022

L’objet de cet article est d’analyser, à partir de traités d’époques impériale et tardo-antique, une fonction importante de la définition, qui consiste non seulement à identifier l’objet (dire ce qu’il est), et à le circonscrire (dire ce qu’il n’est pas), mais à opérer le passage entre une doctrine théorique et sa mise en œuvre dans un discours effectif, que ce soit à des fins d’apprentissage, d’exercice, ou de performance unique dans une circonstance déterminée. En clair, et il faut pour cela user de verbes d’action et non plus de substantifs, définir consiste à extraire d’une notion une procédure et à en programmer les étapes. Nous en analyserons deux exemples, d’abord dans la théorie des figures, puis dans la théorie des staseis, alias états de la cause. Nous montrerons pour finir que si la technique rhétorique est généralement empirique ou d’obédience isocratique, c’est-à-dire soumise à un processus d’imitation-imbibition, cette pragmatique de la définition doit beaucoup à la philosophie et en particulier à Aristote.
Bâtardise et lien de l’enfant bâtard au foyer familial paternel en Grèce ancienne : l’étymologie du substantif νόθος
Authors: Dieu Éric
Published: December 2022

À partir d’un examen circonstancié des emplois les plus anciens du substantif grec νόθος « bâtard », le présent article propose un rattachement étymologique de ce nom à la racine indo-européenne * Hned h - « attacher, lier » : le νόθος serait anciennement le bâtard « rattaché » à son père, intégré à l’οἶκος de son père comme un membre de la famille. Il n’est pas impossible que l’on soit passé très tôt du sens d’« enfant rattaché, annexé » à celui d’« enfant annexe, supplémentaire, extérieur ».
Vers une co-souveraineté nationale et européenne en matière de cybersécurité
Authors: Tricaud Anne
Published: December 2022

La cybersécurité a progressé au niveau des États-membres de l’Union européenne (UE) avec des compétences et des capacités accrues des agences nationales. Une coopération européenne s’accroît avec la mise en place de mécanismes et d’échanges tout en respectant les valeurs fondamentales du droit international.
La souveraineté et la résilience face aux actions d’influence numérique
Authors: Vigneau François-Régis
Published: December 2022

Les actions d’influence numérique peuvent mettre à mal la souveraineté et la résilience des États comme le nôtre. Les menaces sur la couche sémantique du cyber sont une réalité et fragilisent le fonctionnement de nos sociétés. D’où le besoin de développer des stratégies pour contrer un danger désormais systémique.
Certifications cyber des systèmes numériques financiers et souveraineté européenne
Authors: Chaminade Damien
Published: December 2022

Les systèmes numériques financiers irriguent la vie économique et conditionnent le fonctionnement de la société. D’où les exigences de renforcement de la cyberdéfense de ces ensembles indispensables, régulièrement attaqués par des acteurs peu scrupuleux. D’où la nécessité d’une réponse commune des pays européens.
La cryptographie, socle de la souveraineté numérique
Authors: Sirvent Thomas
Published: December 2022

La cryptographie est une science ancienne d’abord au service des États pour garantir le secret des échanges. Avec le numérique, crypter est devenu un enjeu majeur de souveraineté. La France dispose de très solides compétences, mais qu’il convient de renforcer dans un environnement cyber en mutation permanente.
Terres rares et métaux critiques, des enjeux de souveraineté sur fond de guerre économique
Authors: Smaïli Malika
Published: December 2022

Les terres rares et les métaux critiques sont devenus des enjeux de souveraineté avec une forte dépendance de l’Europe, celle-ci ayant mis du temps à en comprendre les enjeux sur fond d’une guerre économique où la Chine a pris l’avantage. Il est nécessaire de réagir en y incluant la filière du recyclage.
Planification stratégique par mauvais temps
Authors: Dufourcq Jean
Published: December 2022

Définir une stratégie pour notre défense ne doit pas s’improviser pour réagir à une situation fluctuante en un temps donné. Au contraire, il faudrait reprendre nos efforts conceptuels pour ne pas reproduire des schémas tout faits, mais manquant de réelle réflexion sur le futur de nos choix géopolitiques.
L’Amérique latine : enjeux et perspectives internationales
Authors: Drouhaud Pascal
Published: December 2022

L’Amérique latine semble être la « grande oubliée » de l’environnement géopolitique mondial. Malgré ses pesanteurs et ses contractions, le continent sud-américain est à la croisée des chemins et doit voir ses États-membres engager des réformes structurelles et économiques.
Deux siècles de sorties de guerres navales (de 1815 à nos jours)
Authors: Lecoq Tristan
Published: December 2022

À l’issue des guerres, la question navale a été traitée de manière inégale, reflétant le rôle de la marine dans la politique de défense. En 1945, les ambitions maritimes de la France étaient bien faibles et la reconstruction de la Marine fut très longue. Aujourd’hui, d’autres puissances affichent leurs ambitions.
Histoire militaire
Authors: Franc Claude
Published: December 2022

Depuis le XVIII e  siècle, rares ont été les périodes où la Marine et l’Armée se retrouvent à des points d’équilibre. Trop souvent, les efforts ont été mal répartis tant dans les équipements, l’organisation et les doctrines, avec à chaque fois des conséquences graves comme en 1870 et 1940.
Towards sustainable airport waste management through the adoption of a "green" airport strategy: The case of Incheon International Airport
Authors: Baxter Glenn
Published: December 2022

One of the most significant environmental challenges confronting airports is their sustainable management of solid wastes. This is because airport's produce large volumes of wastes as a byproduct of their operations. Considering this, airports are increasingly focusing on managing their wastes in an environmentally sustainable manner. Using an in-depth longitudinal case study research approach, this study has examined Seoul's Incheon International Airport sustainable waste management. Incheon International Airport is a major air hub and is the home base for Korean Air. The study period was from 2010 to 2020. Incheon International Airport has six discrete waste streams: construction wastes, designated wastes, general wastes, incinerated wastes, landfill disposed wastes, and recycled wastes. The case study revealed that the airport aims to recycle wastes wherever possible. This policy has resulted in recycled wastes becoming the airport's largest source of wastes during the study period. At the airport, suitable combustible wastes are incinerated and the waste heat from the incineration is captured for further use by the airport. Incheon International Airport has undertaken substantial construction works during the study period, and these were the airport's second most significant waste stream during the study period. In the case of waste construction items, these wastes are handled by external waste treatment firms or alternatively they are incinerated by the airport. To underpin its sustainable waste management, the airport operates a recycling center that is equipped with can compressors and separators which ensures an efficient resource cycling system. A resource classification treatment facility is also used to efficiently manage and enhance the recycle rate of wastes from the airport's facilities and its operations.
Stability analysis of time-delayed SAIR model for duration of vaccine in the context of temporary immunity for COVID-19 situation
Authors: Lv Zimeng , Zeng Jiahong , Ding Yuting , Liu Xinyu
Published: December 2022

As the COVID-19 continues threatening public health worldwide, when to vaccinate the booster shots becomes the hot topic. In this paper, based on the characteristics of COVID-19 and its vaccine, an $ SAIR $ model associated with temporary immunity is proposed to study the effect on epidemic situation. Second, we theoretically analyze the existence and stability of equilibrium and the system undergoes Hopf bifurcation when delay passes through some critical values. Third, we study the dynamic properties of Hopf bifurcation and derive the normal form of Hopf bifurcation to determine the stability and direction of bifurcating periodic solutions. After that, numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the application of the theoretical results. Particularly, in order to ensure the validity, statistical analysis of data is conducted to determine the values for model parameters. Next, we study the impact of the infection rates on booster vaccination time to simulate the mutants, and the results are consistent with the facts. Finally, we predict the mean time of completing a round of vaccination worldwide with the help fitting and put forward some suggestions by comparing with the critical time of booster vaccination.
COVID-19 cases with a contact history: A modeling study of contact history-stratified data in Japan
Authors: Zhang Tong , Nishiura Hiroshi
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the present study was to develop a transmission model of COVID-19 cases with and without a contact history to understand the meaning of the proportion of infected individuals with a contact history over time. We extracted epidemiological information regarding the proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases with a contact history and analyzed incidence data stratified by the presence of a contact history in Osaka from January 15 to June 30, 2020. To clarify the relationship between transmission dynamics and cases with a contact history, we used a bivariate renewal process model to describe transmission among cases with and without a contact history. We quantified the next-generation matrix as a function of time; thus, the instantaneous (effective) reproduction number was calculated for different periods of the epidemic wave. We objectively interpreted the estimated next-generation matrix and replicated the proportion of cases with a contact $ p\left(t\right) $ over time, and we examined the relevance to the reproduction number. We found that $ p\left(t\right) $ does not take either the maximum or minimum value at a threshold level of transmission with $ R\left(t\right) = 1.0 $. With R(t) < 1 (subcritical level), p(t) was a decreasing function of R(t). Qualitatively, the minimum $ p\left(t\right) $ was seen in the domain with $ R\left(t\right) $ > 1. An important future implication for use of the proposed model is to monitor the success of ongoing contact tracing practice. A decreasing signal of $ p\left(t\right) $ reflects the increasing difficulty of contact tracing. The present study findings indicate that monitoring $ p\left(t\right) $ would be a useful addition to surveillance.
Fluid-structure interaction modelling of neighboring tubes with primary cilium analysis
Authors: Zekaj Nerion , Ryan Shawn D. , Resnick Andrew
Published: December 2022

We have developed a numerical model of two osculating cylindrical elastic renal tubules to investigate the impact of neighboring tubules on the stress applied to a primary cilium. We hypothesize that the stress at the base of the primary cilium will depend on the mechanical coupling of the tubules due to local constrained motion of the tubule wall. The objective of this work was to determine the in-plane stresses of a primary cilium attached to the inner wall of one renal tubule subject to the applied pulsatile flow, with a neighboring renal tube filled with stagnant fluid in close proximity to the primary tubule. We used the commercial software COMSOLⓇ to model the fluid-structure interaction of the applied flow and tubule wall, and we applied a boundary load to the face of the primary cilium during this simulation to produces a stress at its base. We confirm our hypothesis by observing that on average the in-plane stresses are greater at the base of the cilium when there is a neighboring renal tube versus if there is no neighboring tube at all. In combination with the hypothesized function of a cilium as a biological fluid flow sensor, these results indicate that flow signaling may also depend on how the tubule wall is constrained by neighboring tubules. Our results may be limited in their interpretation due to the simplified nature of our model geometry, and further improvements to the model may potentially lead to the design of future experiments.
A vision sensing-enhanced knowledge graph inference method for a healthy operation index in higher education
Authors: Nie Yu , Luo Xingpeng , Yu Yanghang
Published: December 2022

We adopted the method of knowledge mapping to conduct in-depth visualization to propose the construction method of knowledge mapping-based inference of a healthy operation index in higher education (HOI-HE). For the first part, an improved named entity identification and relationship extraction method is developed, incorporating a vision sensing pre-training algorithm named BERT. For the second part, a multi-decision model-based knowledge graph is used to infer the HOI-HE score by using a multi-classifier ensemble learning approach. The combination of two parts constitutes a vision sensing-enhanced knowledge graph method. The functional modules of knowledge extraction, relational reasoning and triadic quality evaluation are integrated to provide the digital evaluation platform for the HOI-HE value. The vision sensing-enhanced knowledge inference method for the HOI-HE is able to exceed the benefit of pure data-driven methods. The experimental results in some simulated scenes show that the proposed knowledge inference method can work well in the evaluation of a HOI-HE, as well as to discover some latent risk.
Higuchi fractal dimension is a unique indicator of working memory content represented in spiking activity of visual neurons in extrastriate cortex
Authors: Vivekanandhan Gayathri , Mehrabbeik Mahtab , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Jafari Sajad , Lomber Stephen G. , Merrikhi Yaser
Published: December 2022

Working memory has been identified as a top-down modulation of the average spiking activity in different brain parts. However, such modification has not yet been reported in the middle temporal (MT) cortex. A recent study showed that the dimensionality of the spiking activity of MT neurons increases after deployment of spatial working memory. This study is devoted to analyzing the ability of nonlinear and classical features to capture the content of the working memory from the spiking activity of MT neurons. The results suggest that only the Higuchi fractal dimension can be considered as a unique indicator of working memory while the Margaos-Sun fractal dimension, Shannon entropy, corrected conditional entropy, and skewness are perhaps indicators of other cognitive factors such as vigilance, awareness, and arousal as well as working memory.
Specific Anxiety Situations and Coping Strategies in Full English Medium Instruction Engineering Programs
Authors: Wilang Jeffrey Dawala
Published: December 2022

While there is an increasing number of research studies on English medium instruction in Thailand in the university context, very few have explored the strand of foreign language anxiety. Not only that, methodological limitations exist concerning real-time anxiety reports. To broaden the research scope on English medium instruction and foreign language anxiety as well as to overcome limitations in methods, the present study used a smartwatch, journaling, and semi-structured interview to explore the specific anxiety situations and coping strategies in full English medium instruction among engineering students in Thailand. Among four volunteer participants purposely drawn from the anxiety survey, their average heartbeat per minute ranges from 72.3 to 107.8. Based on their journals and individual semi-structured interviews, several factors of specific anxiety situations found were communication apprehension, cognitive processing anxiety, the difficulty of the English medium instruction course, fear of making mistakes, lack of autonomy, perceived negative teacher acts, peer negative evaluation and test anxiety. The factor common among the participants was lack of autonomy. Further findings demonstrated coping strategies to relieve their feelings of anxiety such as preparation, relaxation, positive thinking, peer support, resignation, asking teacher’s help, translation, self-talk, being focused on task, lesson review, and metacognition. Finally, pedagogical implications were discussed to help language and content teachers address anxiety experienced by students in EMI programs.
Les théâtres à ciel ouvert de Ouagadougou
Authors: Svobodova Karolina
Published: December 2022

La ville de Ouagadougou est internationalement reconnue pour son dynamisme culturel. Grâce aux grands festivals de cinéma (Fespaco), d’artisanat (SIAO) ou de théâtre (Les Récréâtrales), elle attire chaque année artistes, experts et touristes. Mais à l’ombre de ces moments d’émulation éphémères, ce sont des lieux culturels à l’équipement et aux moyens rudimentaires qui accueillent et développent au quotidien les loisirs culturels, en particulier le théâtre. Cet article s’intéresse à la localisation et aux caractéristiques de ces théâtres. Il vise à observer les pratiques et dynamiques que ces lieux suscitent au sein de leur environnement et relève les motivations des usagers pour ce loisir spécifique. Il se conclut sur la question des stratégies spatiales développées par les acteurs culturels afin d’assurer la survie de leurs activités dans un contexte précaire.
Se distraire la nuit à Dakar
Authors: Diouf François Singue , Fall Meissa Birima
Published: December 2022

La nuit, Dakar, capitale du Sénégal, est une ville qui héberge des activités récréatives dans des espaces aussi bien fermés qu’ouverts. Cette tendance, reflet d’une urbanité grandissante, a des conséquences socio-spatiales ici documentées d’un état de l’art et d’observations in situ par des enquêtes de terrain. Le quartier des Almadies, dans la commune de Ngor, se singularise particulièrement au sein de la ville par la concentration d’espaces de loisirs et d’acteurs qui ont fini par en faire un pôle de la nuit. On y note l’émergence d’une centralité récréative nocturne avec des établissements de loisirs et des acteurs différenciés, des pratiques et usages diversifiés témoignant de la recomposition sociale et spatiale de la ville de Dakar la nuit.
Trottoir : les multiples facettes d’un espace public de loisirs. Le cas de Mexico
Authors: Capron Guénola , Monnet Jérôme
Published: December 2022

Nous exposons dans cet article la variété des formes spatiales et représentations sociales sous lesquelles divers types de loisirs se déploient sur les trottoirs dans l’agglomération de Mexico. Dans ce contexte d’importantes inégalités socio-spatiales, les aménagements de cet espace public qui fait partie de la voirie restent dominés, sauf exception, par l’impératif fonctionnel et l’ordre public de la circulation. La présence de diverses formes d’usages de loisir pose la question de leur légitimité à occuper le trottoir. Nous avons exploité les résultats d’une recherche collective que nous avons coordonnée sur la production sociale et matérielle des trottoirs à Mexico et tirons de cette analyse quelques orientations pour des politiques plus adaptées à la prise en compte des usages et des demandes des citadins.
Les terrains de football à Yaoundé : usages et conflits d’accès aux espaces publics
Authors: Bekolo Luc-Roger Mballa , Marsac Antoine , Bouchet Patrick
Published: December 2022

À Yaoundé, les terrains de football, espaces aménagés et ouverts au jeu, sont en nombre limité. Face à une forte demande, leur accès reste problématique pour les habitants. Notre enquête sociologique porte sur l’observation d’usagers de ces stades et leurs discours sur l’accès aux sites à l’échelle du 6e arrondissement de la capitale camerounaise. Si cette municipalité gère officiellement les redevances d’occupation et les plannings, les usages divergent, générant des conflits. Nous en restituons la complexité à l’aune des transactions sociales à l’œuvre à l’échelle du quartier. Malgré la mise en place de comités de gestion, des tensions s’exacerbent en particulier chez les jeunes. Ce contexte engendre des discriminations entre les publics. In fine, cette situation s’avère défavorable aux pratiquants de loisir.
ANALYSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR, CARDIORESPIRATORY, AND VASCULO-RESPIRATORY SIGNALS USING DIFFERENT MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Singh Kirti , Saini Indu , Sood Neetu
Published: December 2022

Many physiological signals such as heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and respiration (RESP) affect each other, and the inter-relation within and between these signals can be linear or nonlinear. Therefore, this paper’s main aim is to extract the relevant features using the information domain coupling technique based on conditional transfer entropy to detect the nonlinearity and coupling changes between the physiological signals and to classify the database using various machine learning classifiers to study the aging changes in the contribution of HR, BP, and RESP. In the proposed work, the physiological signals, i.e. HR, BP, and RESP, were pre-processed using various filtering methods, then features of physiological signals were extracted using linear and nonlinear techniques. After the pre-processing and extraction of features, the extracted features are classified using machine learning classifiers to classify the physiological signal database to study the aging changes in the contribution of HR, BP, and RESP. The data has been taken from the standard Fantasia database of healthy young and old subjects and self-recorded data of healthy young and old subjects for this study. Naive Bayes (NB), Support vector machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were trained using five-fold cross-validation on the physiological dataset. It is concluded from the results that by adding the coupling features, the efficiency of the final prediction of the classifier increased from [Formula: see text]% to [Formula: see text]% obtained by LR, [Formula: see text]% to [Formula: see text]% obtained by SVM, [Formula: see text]% to [Formula: see text]% obtained by KNN, [Formula: see text]% to [Formula: see text]% obtained by NB, and [Formula: see text]% to [Formula: see text]% obtained by ANN. The ANN performs well when provided with the coupling features, gives a maximum accuracy of [Formula: see text]% and very high sensitivity of [Formula: see text]% and specificity of [Formula: see text]%, and takes much less computational time, when compared to other machine learning algorithms on same length of database.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION AND DEEP LEARNING IN LUNG CANCER PREDICTION
Authors: Bhavani K. , Gopalakrishna M. T.
Published: December 2022

The cancer is an intimidating illness. Extra care is necessary while making a diagnosis. To aid the identification process, medical imaging plays a crucial role by producing images of the internal organs of the body for better diagnosis of cancer. Medical images are typically utilized by radiologists, engineers, and clinicians to spot the inner constitution of either individual patients or group of individuals. Most doctors prefer computed tomography (CT) images for initial screening of cancer — mainly lung cancer. To achieve deeper understanding and categorization of lung cancer, diverse machine learning techniques are employed in image classification. Many research works have been done on the classification of CT images with different algorithms, but they failed to reach 100% accuracy. By applying methods like Support Vector Machine, deep learning system like artificial neural network (ANN) and proposed convolution neural network (CNN), a computerized system can be built for truthful classification. The models are built as a classification system that can identify the nodule, if present in the lungs, as benign, malignant or normal or as benign or normal. Lung cancer datasets at Iraq National Center aimed at Cancer Diseases (IQ-OTHNCCD) and Iran Hospital-based CT images are used in this research. SVM, ANN, and proposed CNN classification techniques are applied to the datasets considered. This research work, proposes a model for classification of CT images with very promising accuracy on the datasets considered.
FACIAL EMOTION DETECTION OF THERMAL AND DIGITAL IMAGES BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Sathyamoorthy B. , Snehalatha U. , Rajalakshmi T.
Published: December 2022

The aim of the study is (i) to determine temperature distribution for various emotions from the facial thermal images; (ii) to extract statistical features from the facial region using GLCM feature extraction technique and to classify the emotions using machine learning classifiers such as SVM and Naïve Bayes; (iii) to develop the custom CNN model for the classification of various emotions and compare its performance with machine learning classifiers. Fifty normal subjects were considered for the study to analyze the facial emotions using thermal and digital images. The four different emotions, such as happy, angry, neutral and sad, were obtained with a total image of 200 thermal and 200 digital images. Ten statistical features were extracted using the GLCM method from both thermal and digital images and fed into the machine learning classifiers. After data augmentation, the images are fed into the custom CNN model for the classification of various emotions. The SVM classifier produced an accuracy of 80% in thermal images and 76.5% in digital images compared to the Naive Bayes classifier. The developed CNN model improved the classification accuracy to 94.3% and 90.3% for thermal and digital image, respectively, for the multi-class classification of facial emotions. The CNN model implemented using thermal images provided better classification accuracy than digital images in facial emotion recognition. Hence, it was proved that thermal imaging techniques resulted in better performance in predicting facial emotion than digital images.
Control Allocation Reconfiguration for Actuator Failure on a Coaxial-Pusher Helicopter
Authors: McKay Michael E. , Vayalali Praneet , Gandhi Farhan , Berger Tom , Lopez Mark J. S.
Published: December 2022

An elastic blade flight dynamics model for a coaxial helicopter platform based on the Sikorsky X2 TechnologyTM Demonstrator is presented and validated with steady trim and frequency response flight-test data. A full authority explicit model following control architecture
along with pseudoinverse control allocation is implemented for the model in hover and cruise at 180 kt using CONDUIT R in order to stabilize the vehicle and meet a set of stability, handling qualities, and performance requirements. Different fault scenarios are considered including failure
of rotor swashplate actuators and tail surface actuators in hover and forward flight, which are compensated for by recalculating the pseudoinverse control mixing accordingly. The approach is shown to maintain aircraft stability through the fault transient and into a new steady trim state for
the vehicle. Though the implemented controller is successful in maintaining the aircraft state, different fault cases lead to violations in rotor tip clearance limits, which will require additional effort to account for in flight.
A validated triplex RT-qPCR protocol to simultaneously detect chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses in mosquitoes
Authors: Lura Taylor , Su Tianyun , Thieme Jennifer , Brown Michelle Q
Published: December 2022

Background & objectives:Recently, the incidences of chikungunya, dengue and Zika infections have increased due to globalization and urbanization. It is vital that reliable detection tools become available to assess the viral prevalence within mosquito populations.

Methods:Based on the previous publications on clinical diagnosis in human infections, for the first time, we described a customized triplex RT-qPCR protocol for simultaneous detection of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus serotypes 1-4 (DENV1-4) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in mosquitoes.

Results:In preliminary assessment to determine the specificity and sensitivity of primers and probes, all six targets were detected individually with the following thresholds as indicated by calculated pfu equivalents: 3.96x100for CHIKV, 3.80x101for DENV1, 3.20x101for DENV2, 8.00x104for DENV3, 1.58x100for DENV4, and 6.20x100for ZIKV When tested in a full combination of six targets (CDZ mix), CHIKV, DENV1-4 mix or ZIKV were all detected with the thresholds of 1.32x100for CHIKV, 3.79x100for DENV1-4 and 2.06x100for ZIKV All targets, individually or in full combination were detected in the mixtures ofAedes aegypti(L.) homogenate and viral lysates. A robust evaluation with three replicates in each of three plates for CHIKV, DENV1-4 and ZIKV individually or in full combination was conducted. In individual assays, CHIKV was detected to 3.96x10-1, DENV1-4 to 1.14x100and ZIKV to 3.20x100. In full combination assays, CHIKV was detected to 1.32x104, DENV1-4 to 3.79x101and ZIKV to 1.07x100.

Interpretation & conclusion:This triplex RT-qPCR assay appears to consistently detect all six targets and does not cross react withAe. aegyptihomogenate, making it a feasible, practical, and immediately adoptable protocol for use among vector control and other entities, particularly in the endemic areas of CHIKV, DENVs and ZIKV.
Mosquito larvicidal potential of Solanum xanthocarpum leaf extract derived silver nanoparticles and its bio-toxicity on non-target aquatic organism
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Vikram , Chauhan RPS , Singh Himmat
Published: December 2022

Background & objectives: Mosquitoes are insects of public health importance that act as a vector to transmit various vector-borne diseases in humans including dengue, malaria, filariasis and yellow fever. The continually employed synthetic insecticides have developed resistance in mosquitoes. Nano-based botanical insecticides can be considered as the best alternative due to several advantages like being simple, non-pathogenic, biodegradable and safe to the environment. The present work reported the maximum larvicidal potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from the leaf extract of Solanum xanthoearpum against the third instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus over its crude leaf extract.

Methods: The synthesis of AgNPs was done by adding leaf extract into silver nitrate solution in a conical flask. The characterization of AgNPs was done using different techniques such as UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, XRD, DLS and SAED. FT-IR analysis was done to find out the compound responsible for bio-reduction of silver nitrate. Larvicidal activity of AgNPs was checked against An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti, and Cx. quinquefasciatus according to WHO standard protocol and toxicity was evaluated against Poecilia reticulate.

Results: A change in colour was observed indicating the synthesis of AgNPs which was further confirmed by a strong surface plasmon resonance peak at 421nm under the UV-Vis spectrum. SEM and TEM micrographs exhibited that the most common shape of AgNPs was spherical. XRD spectrum showed crystalline nature of silver nanoparticles. FT-IR spectrum showed the presence of various functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl which might be responsible for bio-reduction and capping of silver nanoparticles. Further, silver nanoparticles were very effective against An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti, and Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 and LC90 values of 1.90, 2.36, 2.93, 3.82, 4.31 and 7.63 ppm, respectively, as compared to aqueous leaf extract after 72 h of exposure and were non-toxic against non-target organism P. retieulata.

Interpretation & eonelusion: From the above finding, it can be concluded that fabricated AgNPs can be promising eco-friendly tools for controlling mosquito vectors.
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for COVID-19 thrombosis
Authors: Hamad Adel Khalifa
Published: December 2022

Thrombotic complications appear to be a major predictor of death in COVID-19 patients, and multiple studies have shown that anticoagulants can help to improve the outcome. The Food and Drug Administration’s acceptance of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has sparked much excitement about their potential as a replacement for existing oral anticoagulants. NOACs target a single clotting factor, often activated factor X or thrombin, and involve the coagulation factor Xa inhibitors including apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban, and the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. COVID-19 is an infectious disease that causes thrombotic events by inducing a pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic condition. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanism behind enhanced thrombogenicity accompanying COVID-19, the clinical range of NOACs, and the role of NOACs in treatment of COVID-19 based on recent investigations and clinical trials.
Maternal death due to severe and critical COVID-19 in Qom, Iran
Authors: Yousefzadeh Mojtaba , Asgarian Azadeh , Ahangari Roghayyeh , Yazdi Zahra , Savari Marzieh , Mirzaie Monireh , Bagheri Fatemeh , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To report the maternal death due to COVID-19.

Methods:

A total of 14 maternal deaths due to severe and critical COVID-19 who were referred to the obstetric department of Nekouie-Forghani-Hedayati Hospital, Qom, Iran from December 2019 to May 2022 were collected. The clinical manifestations and maternal and perinatal outcomes were analyzed.

Results:

Dexamethasone was used in 7 cases, while remdesivir was used in 5 cases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and sepsis were the main cause of mother death. The pregnancy in 8 cases were terminated by caesarean and only one neonatal death was reported from a mother at 13th week of gestational age, while all other fetus delivered were healthy and alive.

Conclusions:

COVID-19 in pregnancy is an emergency. Critical appraisal is needed to detect the other comorbidities and positive PCR test by throat swap should be performed as soon as possible.
Gastric ultrasound-assisted diagnosis of undifferentiated shock
Authors: Bahmani Alireza , Abdolrazaghnejad Ali
Published: December 2022

Rationale:

Peptic ulcer disease and variceal bleeding are two of the most common causes of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. GI bleeding can present with symptoms of hemodynamic instability such as tachycardia and shock.

Patient’s Concern:

A 33-year-old man with confusion and hypotension (blood pressure: 70/40 mmHg and pulse rate: 140/min) was brought by emergency medical services from home to the emergency department without any companion. The patient was in undifferentiated shock. His hypotension was assessed with inferior vena cava (IVC) size and collapsibility, and rapid ultrasound in shock and hypotension (RUSH) protocol was used to investigate the cause of his shock. Following the RUSH protocol when scanning the IVC, parts of the stomach were seen in its vicinity and suspended heterogeneous particles were observed in the fluid. After seeing these particles, we suspected GI bleeding.

Diagnosis:

Endoscopy confirmed GI bleeding.

Interventions:

After placing an orogastric tube and suction, about 2 L of coffee-ground fluid with clots was removed. We started intravenous proton-pump inhibitors 80 mg bolus, followed by a continuous infusion of 8 mg/h. The patient received about 2 L of normal saline and 2 units of packed red blood cells to correct his hypotension.

Outcomes:

After being admitted to the GI ward and treated for three days, the patient was discharged from the hospital with a hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL and continued to have an outpatient follow-up at the clinic.

Lessons:

The use of gastric ultrasound in conjunction with the RUSH protocol can help to diagnose undifferentiated hypotensive shock. The components of the RUSH exam are the heart (H), IVC (I), Morrison’s/FAST abdominal views with the aorta (MA), and pulmonary and pipes scanning (P), and can be memorized with the mnemonic: HI-MAP. We would like to introduce a new mnemonic: Hi-MAPS, adding stomach (S) to the RUSH protocol in undifferentiated hypotension and shock to evaluate upper GI bleeding.
Tuberculin Test versus Interferon Gamma Release Assay in Pregnant Women with Household Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Chalid Maisuri Tadjuddin , Puspawaty Dian , Tahir Andi Mardiah , Najdah Hidayah , Massi Muhammad Nasrum
Published: December 2022

Background:

Pregnant women who live in tuberculosis (TB)-affected households are more likely to develop latent TB infection (LTBI), which often escapes treatment. This study aims to determine if Interferon-gamma release (IGRA) is reliable in screening for LTBI in pregnant women, compare to the tuberculin skin test (TST).

Methods:

It was a cross-sectional study that involved 60 pregnant women with TB contact history as a proxy for LTBI and 30 pregnant women without contact history

.

Latent TB was detected using the TST 5 tuberculin units and IGRA using the QuantiFERON Gold Plus TB Test kit (QFT-Plus). The sensitivity and specificity of the two diagnostic methods and the agreement between them were estimated using SPSS version 20.0.

Results:

The sensitivity 95% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86.08%–98.96%) and specificity 26.7% (95% CI: 12.28%–45.89%) of TST were compared to that of the IGRA with 60% (95% CI: 46.54%–72.44%) and 73.3% (95% CI: 54.11%–87.72%) sensitivity and specificity, respectively in detecting LTBI in pregnancy. Although there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between TST and IGRA, the agreement was fair (kappa 0.39; 95% CI: 0.24–0.45).

Conclusion:

TST assay is more sensitive than IGRA; however, the specificity of IGRA was superior to the TST method. In this study, a fair agreement of TST and IGRA was observed for detecting latent TB infection in pregnant women with household contact with TB patients.
Culture Filtrate Protein 32 as a Potential Target to Attenuate the Heterogeneous Antibody Response Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Antigens in Different Endemic Settings
Authors: Benabdessalem Chaouki , Ouni Rym , Hamouda Wafa Ben , Bettaieb Jihene , Fathallah Dahmani Mohamed , Barbouche Mohamed-Ridha
Published: December 2022

Background:

We previously reported the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor – culture filtrate protein 32 (CFP32). The assay achieved high performance in comparing healthy Bacillus Calmette–Guerin-vaccinated controls with active tuberculosis (TB) patients from the Tunisian population. Herein, we aimed to assess the anti-CFP32 IgG response in suspected or confirmed active pulmonary TB individuals in different endemic settings.

Methods:

Serum samples were obtained from 224 donors from African and Latin American countries with variable levels of TB endemicity and different ethnical origins. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the performance of the serological assay.

Results:

The area under the curve was 0.70. The use of a cutoff level of 0.65 gave 67% and 68% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, regardless of ethnicity and endemicity. Except for the suspected Latin American group, overall multiple comparisons of medians pointed out the stability of the anti-CFP32 IgG response across the different endemic settings. Therefore, endemicity and ethnicity seem not to affect anti-CFP32 IgG response, mainly for detecting confirmed active TB individuals.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that the inclusion of CFP32 epitopes in multi-antigen TB assay could attenuate serological differences related to heterogeneous endemicity and ethnicity. For this purpose, we further identified B-cell epitopes belonging to CFP32 by an in silico analysis.
Comparative Evaluation of Interleukin-10, Transforming Growth Factor-β, and Interleukin-17 in Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis and Crohn's Disease
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Sharma Kusum , Sharma Vishal , Singh Jagdeep , Nada Ritambhra , Saikia Biman , Minz Ranjana W. , Anand Shashi , Kumar Mahendra
Published: December 2022

Background:

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB) and Crohn's disease (CD) are close mimickers and difficult to discriminate. Recent work has focused on the immunological differences between GITB and CD based on cytokines related to T-regulatory cells and Th17 cells. In the present cross-sectional study, suspected cases of GITB or CD underwent extensive clinical, radiological, endoscopic, histological, and microbiological assessment. The diagnosis was based on standard criteria and response to antitubercular therapy endoscopically.

Methods:

Interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and IL-17 were measured and compared between GITB and CD along with other parameters. Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney U test were used as per the data type.

Results:

Of the 27 patients, 11 had CD, 9 had GITB, and 7 had other conditions. Chronic diarrhea, involvement of left and long segments of the colon, and aphthous ulcers were significantly more frequent in CD; however, transverse ulcers were in GITB. IL-10 was reduced in both GITB (median-interquartile range [IQR] 9.54 [3.65–24.04]) and CD (median-IQR 13.28 [6.91–22.50]) compared to control (median-IQR 26.72 [10.34–35.43]). TGF-β showed little variation, but IL-17 was below the detection limit in most cases. None of these cytokines were significantly different between CD and GITB. The sensitivity and specificity of multiplex Mycobacterium tuberculosis-polymerase chain reaction were 44.44% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Serum cytokine profiling (IL-10, IL-17, and TGF-β) could not significantly differentiate GITB and CD. Moreover, extensive molecular, transcriptomic, chemokines, and cytokine analyses may shed light on these aspects.
Bibliometric Analyses of Applications of Artificial Intelligence on Tuberculosis
Authors: Cabanillas-Lazo Miguel , Quispe-Vicuña Carlos , Pascual-Guevara Milagros , Barja-Ore John , Guerrero Maria Eugenia , Munive-Degregori Arnaldo , Mayta-Tovalino Frank
Published: December 2022

Background:

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide affecting mainly low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, the objective is to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in tuberculosis in Scopus.

Methods:

A bibliometric study, the Scopus database was used using a search strategy composed of controlled and free terms regarding tuberculosis and AI. The search fields “TITLE,” “ABSTRACT,” and “AUTHKEY” were used to find the terms. The collected data were analyzed with Scival software. Bibliometric data were described through the figures and tables summarized by absolute values and percentages.

Results:

Thousand and forty-one documents were collected and analyzed. Yudong Zhang was the author with the highest scientific production; however, K. C. Santosh had the greatest impact. Anna University (India) was the institution with the highest number of published papers. Most papers were published in the first quartile. The United States led the scientific production. Articles with international collaboration had the highest impact.

Conclusion:

Articles related to tuberculosis and AI are mostly published in first quartile journals, which would reflect the need and interest worldwide. Although countries with a high incidence of new cases of tuberculosis are among the most productive, those with the highest reported drug resistance need greater support and collaboration.
Risk Factors Associated to Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Patients Attending the Deido District Hospital of Douala – Cameroon
Authors: Cecile Djuikoue I. , S. Alex Ndjip N. , Joëlle Nzenya D. , Cedric Nana S. , Noemy Chounna T. , Irene Wandji G. , Leila Mfongouot P. , Alice Ketchaji , J. Clement Nguedia Assob , D. Benjamin Pokam Thumamo
Published: December 2022

Background:

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. In Cameroon, the prevalence is estimated at 150 cases/100,000 inhabitants or 6000 cases out of an estimated population of 3 million.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to determine the risk factors associated with MDR-TB at Deido District Hospital located in the littoral region of Cameroon.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional and analytical retrospective study. Our sample included all TB patients undergoing treatment at the Diagnostic and Treatment Center of the hospital from January 2019 to August 2020. Identified risk factors of MDR-TB were analyzed using the SPSS software version 20.0.

Results:

A total of 304 participants were enrolled with a predominance of 185 (60.8%) men. The average age was 35 years (29–43 years). About 122/304 (40%) of the patients suffered from MDR-TB. The significant factors associated with MDR-TB were occupation (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 61.46), monthly income (aOR = 0.11), history of TB (aOR = 5.3), alcohol consumption (aOR = 12.7); self-medication (aOR = 5.4) and consultation of traditional healers for any cure (aOR = 155.84).

Conclusion:

The emergence of MDR-TB associated with several risk factors in the study area is worrisome and can be prevented by improving the living conditions of patients and putting in place appropriate treatment strategies.
Complicated Clinical Course of Zoonotic Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium Caprae
Authors: Çöllü Ata Yigit , Uçarman Nilay , Bayhan Gülsüm İclal
Published: December 2022

The incidence of human tuberculosis (TB) disease due to Mycobacterium caprae, an etiologic agent of zoonotic TB along with Mycobacterium bovis, is very low. There are no guidelines for human TB caused by M. caprae, and treatment protocols for infections caused by this microorganism are based on the recommendations for M. bovis infections. We report a 15-year-old girl diagnosed with cervical lymphadenitis due to M. caprae. She did not recover completely despite 6 months of anti-TB medication. Therefore, treatment was extended to 12 months. There is a lack of information about the treatment of human M. caprae infections. Further studies evaluating the treatment in detail are needed.