bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Binding of Aripiprazole to Plasma Proteins in Chronic Renal Failure Patients
Authors: Hirata Kenshiro , Ikeda Tokunori , Watanabe Hiroshi , Maruyama Toru , Tanaka Motoko , Chuang Victor , Uchida Yuji , Sakurama Keiki , Nishi Koji , Yamasaki Keishi , Otagiri Masaki
Published: November 2021

The binding of drugs to plasma protein is frequently altered in certain types of renal diseases. We recently reported on the effects of oxidation and uremic toxins on the binding of aripiprazole (ARP) to human serum albumin. In our continuing investigations, we examined the binding of ARP to plasma pooled from patients with chronic renal dysfunction. We examined the issue of the molecular basis for which factors affect the changes in drug binding that accompany renal failure. The study was based on the statistical relationships between ARP albumin binding and biochemical parameters such as the concentrations of oxidized albumin and uremic toxins. The binding of ARP to plasma from chronic renal patients was significantly lower than healthy volunteers. A rational relationship between the ARP binding rate and the concentration of toxins, including indoxyl sulphate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate (PCS), was found, particularly for IS. Moreover, multiple regression analyses that involved taking other parameters such as PCS or oxidized albumin ratio to IS into account supports the above hypothesis. In conclusion, the limited data reported in this present study indicates that monitoring IS in the blood is a very important determinant in the dosage plan for the administration of site II drugs such as ARP, if the efficacy of the drug in renal disease is to be considered.
The CHO Cell Clustering Response to Pertussis Toxin: History of Its Discovery and Recent Developments in Its Use
Authors: Gray Mary C. , Guerrant Richard L. , Hewlett Erik L.
Published: November 2021

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells respond to pertussis toxin (PT) with a novel clustering pattern, which is dependent on biologically active PT. Since its description in 1983, this cellular response has been refined and used extensively for detection and quantification of PT activity, as well as anti-PT antibodies. There are limitations, however, in the use of this phenomenon as originally described. They are: (1) a subjective, observer-dependent scoring system; (2) the requirement for 16–24 h incubation in order for the response to be clearly detectable; and (3) apparent interference from non-toxin materials. To overcome these limitations, a number of alternative in vitro assays for PT, using CHO cells or other cell types, have been developed and are described elsewhere in this publication. In addressing the challenges associated with the CHO cell assay, we discovered that changes in the electrical impedance-based “normalized cell index” of PT-treated CHO cells obtained with the ACEA xCELLigence instrument enable objective detection/quantification of the PT-induced effect in as little as 3–4 h. To the best of our knowledge, the molecular basis for this intriguing response remains unknown. We present here electron microscopic (EM) images of control and PT-treated cells, which suggest some potential molecular mechanisms.
Initial Phylotranscriptomic Confirmation of Homoplastic Evolution of the Conspicuous Coloration and Bufoniform Morphology of Pumpkin-Toadlets in the Genus Brachycephalus
Authors: Lyra Mariana L. , Monteiro Juliane P. C. , Rancilhac Loïs , Irisarri Iker , Künzel Sven , Sanchez Eugenia , Condez Thais H. , Rojas-Padilla Omar , Solé Mirco , Toledo Luís Felipe , Haddad Célio F. B. , Vences Miguel
Published: November 2021

The genus Brachycephalus is a fascinating group of miniaturized anurans from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, comprising the conspicuous, brightly colored pumpkin-toadlets and the cryptic flea-toads. Pumpkin-toadlets are known to contain tetrodotoxins and therefore, their bright colors may perform an aposematic function. Previous studies based on a limited number of mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded markers supported the existence of two clades containing species of pumpkin-toadlet phenotype, but deep nodes remained largely unresolved or conflicting between data sets. We use new RNAseq data of 17 individuals from nine Brachycephalus species to infer their evolutionary relationships from a phylogenomic perspective. Analyses of almost 5300 nuclear-encoded ortholog protein-coding genes and full mitochondrial genomes confirmed the existence of two separate pumpkin-toadlet clades, suggesting the convergent evolution (or multiple reversals) of the bufoniform morphology, conspicuous coloration, and probably toxicity. In addition, the study of the mitochondrial gene order revealed that three species (B. hermogenesi, B. pitanga, and B. rotenbergae) display translocations of different tRNAs (NCY and CYA) from the WANCY tRNA cluster to a position between the genes ATP6 and COIII, showing a new mitochondrial gene order arrangement for vertebrates. The newly clarified phylogeny suggests that Brachycephalus has the potential to become a promising model taxon to understand the evolution of coloration, body plan and toxicity. Given that toxicity information is available for only few species of Brachycephalus, without data for any flea-toad species, we also emphasize the need for a wider screening of toxicity across species, together with more in-depth functional and ecological study of their phenotypes.
Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in the Treatment of Facial Seborrhea and Acne: Evidence and a Proposed Mechanism
Authors: Rho Nark-Kyoung , Gil Young-Chun
Published: November 2021

Intradermal injection of botulinum neurotoxin is a frequently performed procedure in aesthetic dermatology to improve facial skin tone, texture, fine wrinkles, and enlarged pores. In practice, botulinum neurotoxin type A is also used to reduce skin oiliness of the face. There is increasing evidence that acetylcholine plays specific roles in sebum production, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxin type A may reduce sebum production by interfering with cholinergic transmission between sebaceous glands and autonomic nerve terminals. Botulinum neurotoxins can also inhibit several pathogenetic components of acne development, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxins can be used as a safe and effective treatment modality for acne and other skin disorders related to overactivity of sebaceous glands. This review aims to explore the current evidence behind the treatment of facial seborrhea and acne with botulinum neurotoxin type A.
The Progestin Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Affects HIV-1 Production in Human Lymphoid Tissue Explants in a Dose-Dependent and Glucocorticoid-like Fashion
Authors: Vanpouille Christophe , Günaydın Gökçe , Jangard Mattias , Clerici Mario , Margolis Leonid , Broliden Kristina , Introini Andrea
Published: November 2021

The association between the use of the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and HIV-1 susceptibility has been addressed mainly in respect to the changes occurring in the female genital mucosa and blood. However, one of the main sites of HIV-1 pathogenesis is lymphoid organs. To investigate the immunoregulatory effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) at this site, human tonsillar tissue explants were infected ex vivo with either a CCR5 (BaL) or CXCR4 (LAI) HIV-1 variant and the release of p24gag and cytokines was measured in culture supernatant. The response to MPA was compared with that elicited by treatment with progesterone (P4) and dexamethasone (DEX), which selectively binds the glucocorticoid receptor, in donor-matched explant cultures. MPA treatment reduced the replication of both tested HIV-1 strains as well as the production of the mediators of inflammation IL-1β, IL-17A and CCL5, but not CCL20, in a similar way to DEX, whereas P4 had no effect on HIV-1 replication. The magnitude of both MPA and DEX-mediated responses was proportional to the length of exposure and/or administered dose. Blockage of the progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors with mifepristone abolished all observed changes in HIV-1 and cytokine production, and was associated with increased IL-22 levels in HIV-infected explants. Our data indicate that elevated doses of MPA may affect the immune responses in lymphoid tissue in a glucocorticoid-like fashion with an immediate impact on local HIV-1 replication.
Full Viral Genome Sequencing and Phylogenomic Analysis of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 (FHV-1) in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)
Authors: Marino Morgan E. , Mironovich Melanie A. , Ineck Nikole E. , Citino Scott B. , Emerson Jessica A. , Maggs David J. , Coghill Lyndon M. , Dubovi Edward J. , Turner Rachel C. , Carter Renee T. , Lewin Andrew C.
Published: November 2021

Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) is endemic in captive cheetahs and sporadically causes devastating disease. Modified live vaccines (MLV), intended for use in domestic cats, are used in some captive cheetah populations and have been anecdotally linked to disease in certain subpopulations. Ten FHV-1 isolates from ten captive cheetahs and one isolate from an MLV used to inoculate four of the host animals were analyzed. Viral DNA was extracted for full-genome sequencing by Illumina MiSeq with viral genomes then used for phylogenomic and recombinational analyses. The FHV-1 shed by vaccinated cheetahs were almost identical to the MLV, with few variants among viral genomes. Eight cheetah FHV-1 isolates and the MLV were grouped in a clade along with FHV-1 isolates from domestic cats in the USA. The remaining two cheetah FHV-1 isolates (unknown host vaccine status) were not associated with a clade. The likely ancestral origin of these two isolates involves recombination events between Australian domestic cat and cheetah FHV-1 isolates. Collectively, these data suggest that the MLV is capable of causing clinical disease and viral shedding in some cheetahs and represents evidence of interspecies transmission of virus between domestic and wild cats.
ISCOM-like Nanoparticles Formulated with Quillaja brasiliensis Saponins Are Promising Adjuvants for Seasonal Influenza Vaccines
Authors: Rivera-Patron Mariana , Moreno María , Baz Mariana , Roehe Paulo M. , Cibulski Samuel P. , Silveira Fernando
Published: November 2021

Vaccination is the most effective public health intervention to prevent influenza infections, which are responsible for an important burden of respiratory illnesses and deaths each year. Currently, licensed influenza vaccines are mostly split inactivated, although in order to achieve higher efficacy rates, some influenza vaccines contain adjuvants. Although split-inactivated vaccines induce mostly humoral responses, tailoring mucosal and cellular immune responses is crucial for preventing influenza infections. Quillaja brasiliensis saponin-based adjuvants, including ISCOM-like nanoparticles formulated with the QB-90 saponin fraction (IQB90), have been studied in preclinical models for more than a decade and have been demonstrated to induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses towards several viral antigens. Herein, we demonstrate that a split-inactivated IQB90 adjuvanted influenza vaccine triggered a protective immune response, stronger than that induced by a commercial unadjuvanted vaccine, when applied either by the subcutaneous or the intranasal route. Moreover, we reveal that this novel adjuvant confers up to a ten-fold dose-sparing effect, which could be crucial for pandemic preparedness. Last but not least, we assessed the role of caspase-1/11 in the generation of the immune response triggered by the IQB90 adjuvanted influenza vaccine in a mouse model and found that the cellular-mediated immune response triggered by the IQB90-Flu relies, at least in part, on a mechanism involving the casp-1/11 pathway but not the humoral response elicited by this formulation.
Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination and Its Potential Impact on Fetal and Neonatal Development
Authors: Karrow Niel , Shandilya Umesh , Pelech Steven , Wagter-Lesperance Lauraine , McLeod Deanna , Bridle Byram , Mallard Bonnie
Published: November 2021

Vaccines have been developed under accelerated timelines to combat the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Although they are considered the best approach for preventing mortality, when assessing the safety of these vaccines, pregnant women have not been included in clinical trials. Thus, vaccine safety for this demographic, as well as for the developing fetus and neonate, remains to be determined. A global effort has been underway to encourage pregnant women to get vaccinated despite the uncertain risk posed to them and their offspring. Given this, post-hoc data collection, potentially for years, will be required to determine the outcomes of COVID-19 and vaccination on the next generation. Most COVID-19 vaccine reactions include injection site erythema, pain, swelling, fatigue, headache, fever and lymphadenopathy, which may be sufficient to affect fetal/neonatal development. In this review, we have explored components of the first-generation viral vector and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines that are believed to contribute to adverse reactions and which may negatively impact fetal and neonatal development. We have followed this with a discussion of the potential for using an ovine model to explore the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination during the prenatal and neonatal periods.
Longitudinal Dynamics of Human B-Cell Response at the Single-Cell Level in Response to Tdap Vaccination
Authors: Khatri Indu , Diks Annieck M. , van den Akker Erik B. , Oosten Liesbeth E. M. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , Reinders Marcel J. T. , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , Berkowska Magdalena A.
Published: November 2021

To mount an adequate immune response against pathogens, stepwise mutation and selection processes are crucial functions of the adaptive immune system. To better characterize a successful vaccination response, we performed longitudinal (days 0, 5, 7, 10, and 14 after Boostrix vaccination) analysis of the single-cell transcriptome as well as the B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire (scBCR-rep) in plasma cells of an immunized donor and compared it with baseline B-cell characteristics as well as flow cytometry findings. Based on the flow cytometry knowledge and literature findings, we discriminated individual B-cell subsets in the transcriptomics data and traced over-time maturation of plasmablasts/plasma cells (PB/PCs) and identified the pathways associated with the plasma cell maturation. We observed that the repertoire in PB/PCs differed from the baseline B-cell repertoire e.g., regarding expansion of unique clones in post-vaccination visits, high usage of IGHG1 in expanded clones, increased class-switching events post-vaccination represented by clonotypes spanning multiple IGHC classes and positive selection of CDR3 sequences over time. Importantly, the Variable gene family-based clustering of BCRs represented a similar measure as the gene-based clustering, but certainly improved the clustering of BCRs, as BCRs from duplicated Variable gene families could be clustered together. Finally, we developed a query tool to dissect the immune response to the components of the Boostrix vaccine. Using this tool, we could identify the BCRs related to anti-tetanus and anti-pertussis toxoid BCRs. Collectively, we developed a bioinformatic workflow which allows description of the key features of an ongoing (longitudinal) immune response, such as activation of PB/PCs, Ig class switching, somatic hypermutation, and clonal expansion, all of which are hallmarks of antigen exposure, followed by mutation & selection processes.
Antibody Titer Kinetics and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Six Months after Administration with the BNT162b2 Vaccine
Authors: Ferrari Davide , Clementi Nicola , Criscuolo Elena , Ambrosi Alessandro , Corea Francesca , Di Resta Chiara , Tomaiuolo Rossella , Mancini Nicasio , Locatelli Massimo , Plebani Mario , Banfi Giuseppe
Published: November 2021

Background: Studies reporting the long-term humoral response after receiving the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine are important to drive future vaccination strategies. Yet, available literature is scarce. Covidiagnostix is a multicenter study designed to assess the antibody response in >1000 healthcare professionals (HCPs) who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Serum was tested at time-0 (T0), before the first dose, T1, T2, and T3, respectively, 21, 42, and 180 days after T0. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-protein were measured to assess SARS-CoV-2 infections, whereas antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were measured to assess the vaccine response. Neutralization activity against the D614G, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351 variants were also analyzed. Results: Six months post-vaccination HCPs showed an antibody titer decrease of approximately 70%, yet, the titer was still one order of magnitude higher than that of seropositive individuals before vaccination. We identified 12 post-vaccination infected HCPs. None showed severe symptoms. Interestingly, most of them showed titers at T2 above the neutralization thresholds obtained from the neutralization activity experiments. Conclusion: Vaccination induces a humoral response which is well detectable even six months post-vaccination. Vaccination prevents severe COVID-19 cases, yet post-vaccination infection is possible even in the presence of a high anti-S serum antibody titer.
Measurement of Natural Radionuclides in Drinking Water and Risk Assessment in a Volcanic Region of Italy, Campania
Authors: La Verde Giuseppe , Artiola Valeria , D’Avino Vittoria , La Commara Marco , Panico Marianna , Polichetti Salvatore , Pugliese Mariagabriella
Published: November 2021

The physical–chemical properties of water are closely linked to the geological nature of the site where they are located. This aspect becomes even more interesting when analyzing the natural radionuclides in the drinking water of a volcanic territory such as Campania in southern Italy. This study concerned the measurement of activity concentration of gross alpha and beta, radon, and tritium to evaluate their biological impact. The measurements were carried out using alpha spectrometry for alpha emitters, proportional counter for beta emitters, the electret system for radon in water, and finally liquid scintillation for the measurement of tritium concentration. The biological impact was assessed considering the indicative dose, if applicable, and the effective annual dose of radon. Although the results show that the values are below international and national references, the radiological characterization of drinking water is of fundamental importance to optimize the radiation protection of the population.
Desastres no Brasil e no mundo
Authors: Soares Ademilson de Sousa , Thomé Luan Manoel , Martins Lucas Ramos , Costa Maria do Perpétuo Socorro de Lima
Published: November 2021

O artigo apresenta aspectos da discussão sobre desastres no Brasil e no mundo apontando possíveis efeitos sobre as crianças e suas infâncias. Fica evidenciado que a reduzida consistência das políticas públicas para prevenção e para a assistência aos afetados em desastres, incluindo as crianças, decorre, dentre outros fatores, da pequena produção científica sobre a temática. Após uma definição conceitual da palavra “desastre”, as consequências dos desastres para as crianças são apresentadas. Finalmente, como conclusão, a análise das tragédias/desastres/crimes ambientais ocorridos nas cidades de Mariana e Brumadinho no Estado de Minas Gerais no Brasil aponta danos irreparáveis para a população e para as crianças atingidas.
Autoexílio e pátria literária em Los Eunucos Inmortales de Oswaldo Reynoso
Authors: Poenaru Lara , Monte Alto Rômulo
Published: November 2021

Este artigo discute os reflexos do autoexílio no livro Los Eunucos Inmortales (1995) do escritor peruano Oswaldo Reynoso. Considerando a hipótese defendida por Torres (2016) de que a prosa de Reynoso, após o exílio, pode ser lida desde uma segunda onda criativa, caracterizada pela linguagem poética que visa ao descobrimento da identidade, analisaram-se três inovações no romance: o paralelismo entre Lima e Pequim; a construção da imagem do estrangeiro; o viés antropológico adotado para se pensar pátria e identidade. Se anteriormente Reynoso buscava a liberdade a partir da crítica visceral ao capitalismo, agora muda-se o objeto de sua procura vital, desencadeada após a frustração do regime maoísta. Para o narrador, a liberdade, agora entendida como felicidade, passa a se encontrar na literatura e não na realidade, o que o leva a propor que sua identificação nacional não se alinha mais à pátria geográfica, mas à pátria literária.
Elegant Unsupervised Cross-Modal Hashing
Authors: Cheung Yiu-ming , Hu Zhikai
Published: November 2021

Unsupervised
cross-modal retrieval has received increasing attention recently, because of
the extreme difficulty of labeling the explosive multimedia data. The core
challenge of it is how to measure the similarities between multi-modal data
without label information. In previous works, various distance metrics are
selected for measuring the similarities and predicting whether samples belong
to the same class. However, these predictions are not always right. Unfortunately,
even a few wrong predictions can undermine the final retrieval performance. To
address this problem, in this paper, we categorize predictions as solid and
soft ones based on their confidence. We further categorize samples as solid and
soft ones based on the predictions. We propose that these two kinds of
predictions and samples should be treated differently. Besides, we find that
the absolute values of similarities can represent not only the similarity but
also the confidence of the predictions. Thus, we first design an elegant dot
product fusion strategy to obtain effective inter-modal similarities. Subsequently,
utilizing these similarities, we propose a generalized and flexible weighted
loss function where larger weights are assigned to solid samples to increase
the retrieval performance, and smaller weights are assigned to soft samples to
decrease the disturbance of wrong predictions. Despite less information is
used, empirical studies show that the proposed approach achieves the
state-of-the-art retrieval performance.
Dampak Masuknya Imigran Timur Tengah terhadap Keamanan Manusia Domestik dan Respon Kebijakan Amerika Serikat Era Donald Trump
Authors: Rizky Lucitania , Bin Supriyadi Heru Siswoyo Kurniawan
Published: November 2021

Keresahan AS terhadap datangnya imigran Timur Tengah menjadi salah satu fokus utama kebijakan luar negeri pada era pemerintahan Trump. Dengan menggunakan alat analisis konsep keamanan manusia dan kebijakan luar negeri, studi ini bertujuan menjelaskan kebijakan luar negeri AS di era Trump sebagai respon terhadap masuknya gelombang imigran Timur Tengah yang mengancam sektor keamanan personal domestik AS. Kebijakan yang dikeluarkan dari pemerintahan Trump, tidak terlepas dari pandangan Islamophobia yang dimiliki Trump, sehingga menghasilkan produk kebijakan luar negeri terhadap imigran Timur Tengah yang bersifat kontradiktif dengan era pemerintah sebelumnya. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian analisis kualitatif-deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data sekunder. Dalam studi ini ditemukan beberapa strategi kebijakan luar negeri Trump sebagai agenda meningkatkan dan mempertahankan keamanan manusia domestik AS yakni Border Security and Interior Enforcement dan perintah eksektutif “Protecting the Nation from Terrorist Attacks by Foreign National” melalui travel ban.
FILOSOFI DAN NILAI-NILAI ISLAM DALAM GAYA BANGUNAN RUMAH ADAT KAMPUNG NAGA TASIKMALAYA: SEBUAH ANALISIS TERHADAP RUMAH ADAT DENGAN PENDEKATAN STUDI ISLAM
Authors: Nurjaman Andri , Rusmana Dadan , Witro Doli
Published: November 2021

Rumah adat merupakan peninggalan kebudayaan masyarakat tradisional yang harus dijaga keberadaannya sebagai cagar budaya oleh masyarakat yang hidup saat ini. Di Indonesia, terdapat banyak terdapat rumah yang ada hingga saat ini. Salah satunya adalah rumah adat yang berada di Desa Neglasari, Kecamatan Salawu, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Provinsi Jawa Barat yang dikenal Kampung Naga. Gaya arsitektur rumah adat di Kampung Naga tersebut adalah berupa rumah panggung seperti layaknya rumah tradisional masyarakat Sunda. Karena itu, gayanya yang unik, di sisi rumah adat di Kampung Naga ini juga memiliki filosofi dan nilai-nilai Islam di dalamnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengungkap filosofi dan nilai-nilai Islam dalam gaya bangunan rumah adat di Kampung Naga Tasikmalaya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan lapangan, wawancara, dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan (verifikasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan filosofi bangunan rumah adat Kampung Naga dengan bahan alami mencerminkan hubungan baik antara masyarakat adat Kampung Naga dengan alam. Tidak hanya itu, bangunan panggung yang mencerminkan kesederhanaan menunjukan kehidupan masyarakat Kampung Naga. Nilai-nilai Islam dalam bangunan rumah adat Kampung Naga dilihat dari struktur bangunan dan bentuk (model) rumah yang mengandung nilai-nilai hubungan yang harmonis antara manusia, alam dan Tuhan. Dalam Islam disebut dengan istilah habluminallah, habluminanas dan habluminalalam.
Immunoglobulin free light chains in developing and progression of kidney diseases
Authors: Churko A. A. , Khrabrova M. S. , Smirnov A. V. , Rumyantsev A. Sh.
Published: November 2021

Free light chains (FLC) of immunoglobulins have been of interest to researchers in various branches of medicine since their discovery in the late 19thand early 20thcenturies. In addition to hematology, where the role of monoclonal FLC (mFLC) produced by the clone of the B-cell line is being actively studied, other specialties are no exception. Thus, in modern neurology and rheumatology, polyclonal FLC (pFLC), produced by B-lymphocytes during their excessive immune/autoimmune stimulation, are being actively studied. In the pathogenesis of kidney disease, both mFLC and pFLC can be involved. The importance of mFLC for nephrology is associated, firstly, with various variants of kidney damage in monoclonal gammopathies - cylinder nephropathy, AL-amyloidosis, etc., and secondly, with the initiation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the progression of sclerotic changes in the renal tubulointerstitium. With regard to pFLC, their increased level in kidney pathology of various origins is associated with an unfavorable prognosis not only in relation to the progression of chronic kidney disease but also in life. This allows us to reasonably assume the participation of PSLC in the initiation of profibrotic processes in the kidney. Currently, it is believed that the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which underlies the formation of fibrosis of the renal parenchyma, can be mediated not only by mFLC, but also by pFLC, which has been demonstrated in a limited number of studies in some glomerulopathies. The review outlines the current understanding of FLC, as well as the role of mFLC and pFLC in renal pathology.
Features of the course of new coronaviral infection (COVID-19) in patients with acute kidney injury and end stage renal failure
Authors: Agranovich N. V. , Tkachenko L. I. , Knyshova S. A. , Titorenko M. V. , Lichacheva A. P.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND. In the modern era, COVID-19 is the biggest problem facing doctors and scientists around the world. SARSCоV-2 is a multisystem infection that is not limited to lung damage and has the immuno-mediated effect of negative effects on organs and systems, including the kidneys. To date, there is no precise understanding of the pathogenesis of nephrological disorders in patients with COVID-19. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are a group of particularly high risk of CO-VID-19 infection and high mortality in the development of the disease.

THE AIM: to evaluate the features of the course of a new coronavirus infection (COVID 19) in patients with acute kidney injury and terminal renal insufficiency.

PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study of clinical, laboratory and instrumental parameters was carried out in 119 patients (67 men and 52 women) diagnosed with COVID-19. The average age of the patients was 63.1±1.7 years. All patients were divided into two groups: group 1 - patients with CKD and HD, group 2 - patients with newly diagnosed kidney damage against the background of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Statistical data analysis was carried out using the software package "IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0" (USA) (Russified version).

RESULTS. As a result of the study, it was found that in the clinical picture of COVID-19 patients suffering from CKD and undergoing hemodialysis, such a symptom as myalgia was noted 2 times more often, the percentage of saturation of arterial blood hemoglobin with oxygen (SaO2,%) was significantly lower compared to patients with newly diagnosed kidney damage on the background of infection. The duration of the temperature reaction during the disease was 5 times longer than in patients without CKD. Although the incidence of lung damage in patients of both groups was identical, mortality was significantly higher in the group of patients with CKD.

CONCLUSION. In the patients examined by us, proteinuria, an increase in the level of nitrogenous metabolites, as well as D-dimers in both groups, are associated with increased mortality. Mortality in patients with CKD and HD was several times higher than in those without pathology of the urinary system. The severity of the patients' condition was primarily due to the symptoms of damage to the respiratory system, but the degree of renal dysfunction is undoubtedly an important prognostic value. Thus, monitoring the state of individual nephron structures in patients with CO-VID-19 is of great importance, and emergency nephroprotective measures may be crucial in the fight against cytokine storm.
Evaluation of the level of natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and characterization of chronic kidney disease and cardiorenal syndrome in children
Authors: Mambetova A. M. , Bizheva D. V. , Thabisimova I. K.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND. Natriuretic peptides have cardio- and renoprotective effects, inhibiting inflammatory and proliferative processes. The role of natriuretic peptides in the early diagnosis and characterization of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular complications as the disease development and progresses has not been studied.

TNEAIM: to study the level of natriuretic peptides in children depending on the stage of CKD development and to assess the significance of this indicator.

PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study involved 93 children with congenital diseases of the urinary system at the age from 3 to 18 years. Three groups were identified: group I - 54 patients with CKD stage I , group II - 29 patients with CKD stage II; Group III - 10 children with CKD stages IV-V (patients with CKD stages IV and V were combined due to their small amount). Control group - 10 clinically healthy children of the corresponding age. The N-terminal propeptide of natriuretic hormone (NT-proBNP) was determined in the blood by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS. An increase in the level of NT-proBNP by 28.7% takes place already in the early stages of CKD. With the progression of CKD, an increase in the level of NT-proBNP was noted from 57.4 % in children in the group of patients with stage I CKD to 80 % in children in group III patients. The maximum concentrations of NT-proBNP, many times higher than those in CKD stages I and II, were observed in children with CKD stages IV-V. The degree of increase in the level of NT-proBNP correlated with the severity of CKD.

CONCLUSION. In the diagnosis and characterization of CKD and cardiorenal syndrome in children, the determination of the level of natriuretic peptides is of great importance. A high level of natriuretic peptides characterizes the presence of cardiorenal relationships and can be used as an additional criterion for assessing the severity of CKD, including at the early stages of its development.
Estimation of heterosis for grain yield and yield attributes in bread wheat genotypes utilizing line x tester analysis (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
Authors: Roy Amitava , Kumar Anil , Babu S Karthick , Sisodiya Simran , Singh Anu
Published: November 2021

Eleven genotypes of bread wheat were crossed with three testers in the rabi season of 2018-19 inline x tester mating fashion to obtain 33 F1 hybrids, which were evaluated with parents and two standard checks of wheat viz., UP 2855 and HD 2967. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar in the rabi season 2019-20. Observations were recorded on various qualitative and quantitative characters including grain yield. The results obtained revealed significant differences among all the genotypes, indicating the presence of aconsiderable amount of genetic variability. The cross combinations SOKOLL x HI 1621, followed by QBP 12-11 x HI 1621, NAC/TH.AC//3*PVN/3/MIRLO/BUC/4/ 2*PASTOR/5/… x HD 3237 were observed to be the better heterotic F1s in terms of grain yield. The hybrid QLD 75 x HI 1621 was identified as the best heterotic combination for grain weight per spike and harvest index. Whereas, for grains per spike F1, NW 6036 x HI 1621, for 1000 grain weight F1, SOKOLL x HD3237, for spike length F1, NAC/TH.AC//3*PVN/3/ MIRLO/BUC/4/2*PASTOR/5/… x HD 3237, for peduncle length F1, VORB/4/D67.2/PARANA 66.270 x HI 1621 and for days to 75% heading and days to maturity F1, PRL/2*PASTOR*2//FH6-1-7/3/KINGBIRD#1//… x PBW 725 were observed to be the better heterotic combinations. The crosses with higher heterotic values may provide an opportunity for isolation of desirable purelines in advanced generations.
ON THE LEGAL MECHANISM OF RESTRICTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL HUMAN AND CIVIL RIGHTS IN ORDER TO ENSURE SECURITY
Authors: Языкеев Сергей Николаевич
Published: November 2021

В статье анализируется правовой механизм ограничения конституционных прав человека и гражданина в целях обеспечения безопасности. Автор приходит к выводу о необходимости закрепления в Федеральном законе «О безопасности» правового механизма ограничения прав и свобод человека и гражданина в целях обеспечения безопасности, который будет распространяться в том числе и на специальное законодательство.

The article analyzes the legal mechanism of restricting the constitutional rights of a person and a citizen in order to ensure security. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to consolidate in the Federal Law "On Security" a legal mechanism for restricting human and civil rights and freedoms in order to ensure security, which will also apply to special legislation.
CYBERCRIME TRENDS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Тарасова Юлия Владимировна
Published: November 2021

В данной статье раскрывается понятие киберпреступности, которая характеризуется сложной структурой и большим разнообразием совершаемых в этой сфере общественно опасных деяний. В статье представлены актуальные на сегодняшний день тенденции с приведением примеров, рассмотрены факторы латентности киберпреступности.

This article reveals the concept of cybercrime, which is characterized by a complex structure and a wide variety of socially dangerous acts committed in this area. This topic is relevant because in the modern world the sphere of computer technologies is rapidly developing, the use of which, on the one hand, has made the life of users easier, on the other hand, their use is far from safe. The article presents current trends with examples, considers the factors of cybercrime latency .
ESTUDO CLÍNICO: EFETIVIDADE DE UM GRUPO PARA CESSAÇÃO DE TABAGISMO EM UMA UNIDADE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE NO MUNICÍPIO DE ANÁPOLIS-GO
Authors: De Siqueira Daniela Guimarães , Evangelista Patrícia Gonçalves
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O tabagismo é reconhecidamente um importante problema de saúde pública. Considerado um dos principais fatores de risco para as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, o fumo é responsável também por importantes gastos com internações, medicamentos e diminuição de produtividade. Frente a essa realidade, o Ministério da Saúde, juntamente com o Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), lançou em 1986 o Programa Nacional de Controle do Tabagismo (PNCT). Para se alcançar esses objetivos é previsto que sejam promovidas ações de educação e informação, tratamento para a cessação do tabagismo em unidades do SUS. Considerando-se que a Atenção Primária à Saúde se constitui como a principal porta de entrada da Rede de Atenção à Saúde, é imprescindível o envolvimento dessas instituições nas ações de controle do tabagismo. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de um grupo de cessação de tabagismo implantado em uma unidade básica de saúde no município de Anápolis – GO. Metodologia: Estudo experimental, prospectivo, sobre o efeito de uma intervenção (grupo de cessação do tabagismo) em uma população no município de Anápolis-GO. Resultados: Após analisado os dados, verificou-se um índice de 60% de pacientes abstinentes do tabagismo após 12 meses do final do tratamento. Conclusão: Conclui-se com esta pesquisa que a Atenção Básica à Saúde tem um papel fundamental em ações de incentivo à cessação do tabagismo. Espera-se, com esse estudo, incentivar os profissionais da Atenção Primária a implantarem em suas Unidades o Programa de Cessação de Tabagismo, visando resultados importantes para promover impacto positivo na saúde da população.
History of the Center’s Patent Activity
Authors: Zhuravkina T. V. , Katikova I. M.
Published: November 2021

Очерк рассказывает о становлении патентной деятельности Центра, участии в изобретательской работе многих известных его научных сотрудников, врачей, трудившихся в Центре во второй половине ХХ в., а также в начале XXI в. За советские годы получено около 400 авторских свидетельств на изобретения, а с 1990-х гг., после принятия Патентного закона, — 200 патентов. Приведены сведения о ряде полученных авторских свидетельств и патентов, отражающие основные направления научной и клинической работы Центра за эти годы в соответствии с актуальными проблемами здравоохранения своего времени. В последние годы ведется активное патентование разработок, в том числе с использованием новых технологий — виртуальной реальности, компьютерных программ, телемедицины. Патентная служба Центра, следуя традициям, продолжает помогать его сотрудникам оформлять заявки на изобретения, полезные модели и другие объекты интеллектуальной собственности, касающиеся лечения и реабилитации различных заболеваний человека.
GW200115: A Nonspinning Black Hole–Neutron Star Merger
Authors: Mandel Ilya , Smith Rory J. E.
Published: November 2021

GW200115 was the second merger of a black hole and a neutron star confidently detected through gravitational waves. Inference on the signal allows for a large black hole spin misaligned with the orbital angular momentum, but shows little support for aligned spin values. We show that this is a natural consequence of measuring the parameters of a black hole–neutron star binary with nonspinning components while assuming the priors used in the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA analysis. We suggest that, a priori, a nonspinning binary is more consistent with current astrophysical understanding.
Recurrent Activity from Active Asteroid (248370) 2005 QN173: A Main-belt Comet
Authors: Chandler Colin Orion , Trujillo Chadwick A. , Hsieh Henry H.
Published: November 2021

We present archival observations of main-belt asteroid (248370) 2005 QN173 (also designated 433P) that demonstrate this recently discovered active asteroid (a body with a dynamically asteroidal orbit displaying a tail or coma) has had at least one additional apparition of activity near perihelion during a prior orbit. We discovered evidence of this second activity epoch in an image captured 2016 July 22 with the DECam on the 4 m Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. As of this writing, (248370) 2005 QN173 is just the eighth active asteroid demonstrated to undergo recurrent activity near perihelion. Our analyses demonstrate (248370) 2005 QN173 is likely a member of the active asteroid subset known as main-belt comets, a group of objects that orbit in the main asteroid belt that exhibit activity that is specifically driven by sublimation. We implement an activity detection technique, wedge photometry, that has the potential to detect tails in images of solar system objects and quantify their agreement with computed antisolar and antimotion vectors normally associated with observed tail directions. We present a catalog and an image gallery of archival observations. The object will soon become unobservable as it passes behind the Sun as seen from Earth, and when it again becomes visible (late 2022) it will be farther than 3 au from the Sun. Our findings suggest (248370) 2005 QN173 is most active interior to 2.7 au (0.3 au from perihelion), so we encourage the community to observe and study this special object before 2021 December.
Unusual Emission Variations Near the Eclipse of Black Widow Pulsar PSR J1720−0533
Authors: Wang S. Q. , Wang J. B. , Wang N. , Yao J. M. , Hobbs G. , Dai S. , Kou F. F. , Miao C. C. , Li D. , Feng Y. , Dang S. J. , Wang D. H. , Wang P. , Yuan J. P. , Zhang C. M. , Zhang L. , Zhang S. B. , Zhu W. W.
Published: November 2021

We report on an unusually bright observation of PSR J1720−0533 using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The pulsar is in a black widow system that was discovered by the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS). By coincidence, a bright scintillation maximum was simultaneous with the eclipse in our observation, which allowed for precise measurements of flux density variations, as well as dispersion measure (DM) and polarization. We found that there are quasi-periodic pulse emission variations with a modulation period of ∼22 s during the ingress of the eclipse, which could be caused by plasma lensing. No such periodic modulation was found during the egress of the eclipse. The linear polarization of the pulsar disappears before the eclipse, even before there is a visually obvious change in DM. We also found that the pulse scattering may play an important role in the eclipse of PSR J1720−0533.
Millimeter-VLBI Observations of Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei with Source-frequency Phase Referencing
Authors: Jiang Wu , Shen Zhiqiang , Martí-Vidal Ivan , Wang Xuezheng , Jiang Dongrong , Kawaguchi Noriyuki
Published: November 2021

We report millimeter-VLBI results of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (M84 and M87) up to 88 GHz with source-frequency phase-referencing observations. We detected the weak VLBI core and obtained the first image of M84 at 88 GHz. The derived brightness temperature of the M84 core was about 7.2 × 109 K, which could serve as a lower limit because the core down to 30 Schwarzschild radii was still unresolved in our 88 GHz observations. We successfully determined the core shifts of M87 at 22–44 GHz and 44–88 GHz through the source-frequency phase-referencing technique. The jet apex of M87 could be deduced at ∼46 μas upstream of the 43 GHz core from core-shift measurements. The estimated magnetic field strength of the 88 GHz core of M87 is 4.8 ± 2.4 G, which is at the same magnitude of 1–30 G near the event horizon probed by the Event Horizon Telescope.
Evaluation of the Tuberculosis Prevention Program in the Discovery of Tuberculosis Cases in Nosara Public Health Center Palu City
Authors: Ashari Muhammad Rizki , Apriani Irma , Firmansyah Firmansyah , Lanyumba Fitrianty Sutady
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUNDS: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. The case in Indonesia rank third with the highest number of TB case in the world. There were 511,873 cases of tuberculosis of all types in 2018. Based on data from the Palu Health Office, the TB cases in Palu in 2018 were still high numbered 557 cases. In 2019, Nosarara Public Health Center had the lowest case finding among the 13 health centers in Palu with 17 TB case findings. The absence of a laboratory in Nosarara Public Health Center for examining sputum samples affected the output in program implementation.
AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the Control of Tuberculosis in the Discovery of Tuberculosis Cases in Nosarara Public Health Center Palu.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research used qualitative method with a case study approach. The research informants were 6 people selected through purposive sampling technique.
RESULTS: The results summarizes the following : the input aspect in terms of human resources in quantity and quality is inadequate because TB program holders have multiple tasks so that they are not maximal in carrying out their duties and have never attended training, sufficient funds, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and methods according to guidelines.
CONCLUSION:
The process of planning, organizing, implementing and supervising has not been maximal, meanwile the output of TB case detection (22%) has not yet reached the predetermined target (80%).It is expected that the Public Health Center will add more health personnel, complete facilities and infrastructure in order to maximize program implementation to achieve predetermined targets.
The Relationships between Self-care and Coping Strategy among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Ibrahim Kusman , Resnawati Desri , Rahayuwati Laili , Herliani Yusshy Kurnia , Nursiswati Nursiswati
Published: November 2021

AIM: This study aims to examine the relationships between self-care and coping strategy among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH).
METHODS: A cross-sectional design involving 76 subjects of PLWH who attended the HIV clinic at a District Hospital in West Java Province, Indonesia. They met inclusion criteria such as being adult, has been living with HIV for over 1 year, and be able to communicate both verbal and written in Bahasa Indonesia. Self-care was measured by the 41-item Self-care Assessment Worksheet instrument, and coping strategies were measured by the 60-item Jalowiec Coping Scale. Pearson-product moment correlation was performed to examine the relationships between self-care and coping strategy scores.
RESULTS: The majority of respondents (57.8%) used the emotion focused coping strategy such as supportant (31.5%) followed by fatalistic (21%) and optimistic (17.1%) when they deal with stressful situations. Optimistic coping was reported as the most effective coping by the respondents. Nearly half of respondents (42%) have intermediate self-care level which the highest number of self-care was medication. There was a significantly relationship between problem-focused coping strategy and the self-care scores (r = 0.378, p < 0.01). Confrontive coping strategy has positive correlation with symptoms management (r = 0.264, p < 0.05) and stress management (r = 0.280, p < 0.05). Self-care information has positive correlation with palliative coping strategy (r = 0.281, p < 0.05) and supportant coping strategy management (r = 0.236, p < 0.05). Prevention and medication have positive correlation with optimistic emotional coping strategy (r = 0.264, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Understanding PLWH coping strategies could assist nurses to reinforce patient’s positive coping strategies and change maladaptive coping strategies. Nurses could facilitate patients to develop a more adaptive coping strategies in enhancing self-care capability among PLWH.