bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rodar: a circulação dos jogadores de futebol brasileiros no exterior
Authors: Rial Carmen
Published: October 2008

Entre os milhões de brasileiros que atualmente residem no exterior, cerca de 5 mil são jogadores de futebol atuando em instituições reconhecidas, os clubes de futebol. O artigo aborda em uma perspectiva antropológica os processos migratórios desses jogadores brasileiros com carreiras de sucesso no sistema futebolístico contemporâneo, buscando compreender as características dessa circulação mundial particular de pessoas e de dinheiro, que apresenta enorme impacto no mediascape (Appadurai, 1990): de todas as "exportações" e de todas as emigrações brasileiras ora em curso, a de jogadores de futebol é a que apresenta maior impacto simbólico, tanto aqui como lá. Abordo os projetos, consumos e estilos de vida desses jogadores a partir dos dados de etnografia realizada na Espanha (Sevilha) e na Holanda (Eindhoven), e da interlocução com mais de 40 jogadores brasileiros vivendo ou tendo vivido em países no exterior, em contatos realizados no Canadá (Toronto), Holanda (Almelo, Groningen, Alkmaar, Roterdã, Amsterdã), Japão (Tóquio), França (Lyon, Le Mans, Nancy, Lille), Mônaco, Bélgica (Charleroi) e também no Brasil (Fortaleza, Salvador, Belém). Exploro as intersecções com idade, origem social e religião, constatando a forte presença de caçulas entre os jogadores (o caçulismo), a proveniência majoritária de camadas sociais subalternas e a adesão predominante a cultos evangélicos. Constato também uma crescente juvenilização desse fluxo emigratório. Concluo que a constante troca de instituição de trabalho ("clube" ou "clube global"), de países e o grande número de "repatriados", caracterizam como uma circulação esse movimento migratório: é o "rodar" de que falam os jogadores, atribuindo a essa noção um valor positivo de propiciar experiência. Essa circulação dá-se em zonas protegidas, onde um nacionalismo banal (Billig, 1995) é constantemente ativado. Mesmo depois da obtenção da cidadania legal continuam sendo vistos e percebendo-se como estrangeiros; a nacionalização tem assim um propósito estratégico (Sassen, 2008). Concluo que cruzam fronteiras geográficas sem ingressarem em países, pois suas fronteiras são os clubes e não os países.
El "aguante" y las hinchadas argentinas: una relación violenta
Authors: Alabarces Pablo , Zucal José Garriga , Moreira María Verónica
Published: October 2008

Este trabajo analiza los significados que los integrantes de las hinchadas de fútbol argentinas dan a las acciones violentas, a través de la categoría de aguante. Estas son parte de una forma de ser que los define y los distingue, y constituye un complejo sistema de honor y prestigio que valora positivamente la valentía, el coraje, la bravura y el arrojo en un enfrentamiento físico. Desde una mirada simplista y estigmatizadora, como la de los medios de comunicación y el sentido común, estos actores y sus prácticas son concebidos simplemente como "violentos", ya que ejecutan y dan valor positivo a distintas acciones que están ubicadas fuera de los límites de lo aceptable. Sin embargo, y paradójicamente, existen definiciones morales nativas que delimitan lo permitido y lo prohibido, lo justo y lo injusto en un acontecimiento violento. Descubrir y analizar estos límites nos permite estudiar la constitución de un espacio social donde estas prácticas son aceptadas y, también, analizar las relaciones con actores que ubicados por fuera de ese espacio se vinculan con los integrantes de la hinchada y, por ende, "negocian" con su código moral.
Importância do fonoaudiólogo no acompanhamento de indivíduos com hipotireoidismo congênito
Authors: Gejão Mariana Germano , Ferreira Amanda Tragueta , Lamônica Dionísia Aparecida Cusin
Published: October 2008

TEMA: o hipotireoidismo congênito é uma alteração metabólica que traz conseqüência graves para indivíduos não tratados e mesmo as crianças que realizam o tratamento podem apresentar distúrbios do desenvolvimento. O Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal, instituído pelo Ministério da Saúde, prevê o acompanhamento longitudinal de indivíduos com equipe multidisciplinar. Entretanto, a Fonoaudiologia não é incluída nesta equipe. Deste modo, considerando a ocorrência de distúrbios da comunicação nestes indivíduos, realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados Lilacs, MedLine e PubMed, no período de 1987 a 2007, referente às alterações em habilidades do desenvolvimento decorrentes do hipotireoidismo congênito. OBJETIVO: verificar, na literatura científica, presença de alterações do desenvolvimento em indivíduos com hipotireoidismo congênito e refletir sobre a importância da atuação fonoaudiológica, em conjunto com equipe multidisciplinar especializada, no acompanhamento dos mesmos. CONCLUSÃO: a literatura relata alterações nas habilidades do desenvolvimento (motoras, cognitivas, lingüísticas e de autocuidados) e destaca que crianças com hipotireoidismo congênito são de risco para alterações no desenvolvimento lingüístico e, portanto, necessitam do acompanhamento longitudinal do desenvolvimento comunicativo. Torna-se evidente a importância da atuação do fonoaudiólogo nos Programas de Triagem Neonatal credenciados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Ressalta-se ainda a necessidade de investigações referentes às outras alterações metabólicas contempladas nestes programas, nas quais o fonoaudiólogo pode atuar de modo a prevenir, habilitar e reabilitar os distúrbios da comunicação, contribuindo para o trabalho em equipe, promovendo saúde nesta população.
Aspectos fonoaudiológicos na síndrome de Crouzon: estudo de caso
Authors: Gomes Isabela , Limongi Suelly Cecília Olivan , Neves Ivone Ferreira , Couto Maria Inês Vieira , Matas Carla Gentile
Published: October 2008

TEMA: descrever os aspectos fonoaudiológicos de um caso de Síndrome de Crouzon, com idade de 6:4 anos, submetendo-o às avaliações das áreas de fala, linguagem, cognição, sistema estomatognático e audição. PROCEDIMENTOS: o sujeito foi submetido às seguintes avaliações: ABFW, Prova de Vocabulário Receptivo, Avaliação do Desenvolvimento de Linguagem-Cognição, Avaliação de Estruturas e Funções do Sistema Estomatognático, Audiometria Tonal Limiar, Imitanciometria e Logoaudiometria. RESULTADOS: a Audiometria Tonal identificou perda auditiva condutiva de grau moderado bilateralmente, apresentando compatibilidade com a Logoaudiometria e a Imitanciometria. A Avaliação de Sistema Estomatognático indicou tônus de estruturas diminuído, com postura e mobilidade alteradas. As funções de sucção, mastigação, deglutição e respiração mostraram-se alteradas. Na avaliação da Fonologia, identificaram-se simplificação do encontro consonantal, plosivação de fricativa e outros. Em Fluência, os dados estavam abaixo do esperado para a mesma faixa etária e sexo. Na prova de Pragmática o número de atos por minuto foi 14,4, apresentando como meio comunicativo predominante o gestual. Na prova de Vocabulário Receptivo, o valor total de designações usuais estava 7,1% abaixo do valor de referência. No Vocabulário Expressivo, os dados apontaram para referência entre 4 e 5 anos, abaixo dos parâmetros esperados para a idade do sujeito do estudo. Em Linguagem e Cognição, as análises indicaram defasagem em relação à fase de desenvolvimento. CONCLUSÃO: os comprometimentos causados pela síndrome são difusos e interligados, tendo a importância desse estudo apresentar os aspectos fonoaudiológicos de um caso de Síndrome de Crouzon e fornecer dados para aprofundar a investigação fonoaudiológica e o processo terapêutico.
Sons fricativos surdos
Authors: Cielo Carla Aparecida , Casarin Maísa Tatiana
Published: October 2008

TEMA: características dos sons fricativos surdos. OBJETIVO: propor uma revisão da literatura pertinente às características acústicas, fonéticas e fonológicas dos fonemas fricativos surdos que integram o sistema fonológico do Português. Além disso, são descritas suas aplicações na terapia vocal. CONCLUSÕES: os fricativos são fonemas agudos, abrangendo de 2500 a 8000Hz; são plenamente adquiridos até os 3:7 anos de idade; o /s/ que também é o mais afetado em casos de frênulo lingual curto; a omissão do /s/ é uma das ocorrências mais freqüentes na alfabetização; sendo que, no desvio fonológico e na fissura lábio-palatina, freqüentemente ocorre comprometimento de toda a classe de fricativos. Na avaliação de voz, os fricativos são mencionados com as medidas de TMF e relação s/z, bem como seu uso como sons de apoio na fonoterapia.
Processamento auditivo, resolução temporal e teste de detecção de gap: revisão da literatura
Authors: Samelli Alessandra Giannella , Schochat Eliane
Published: October 2008

TEMA: processamento auditivo temporal e resolução temporal. OBJETIVO: realizar revisão teórica sobre processamento auditivo e resolução temporal, bem como sobre os diferentes parâmetros de marcadores utilizados em testes de detecção de gap e como eles podem interferir na determinação dos limiares. CONCLUSÃO: o processamento auditivo e a resolução temporal são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento da linguagem. Em virtude dos diferentes parâmetros que podem ser utilizados no teste em questão, os limiares de detecção de gap podem variar consideravelmente.
A importância das variações espectrais transferidas anatomicamente para a localização de fontes sonoras
Authors: Oliveira Aline Cabral de , Netto Leônidas da Silva Morais , Rocha Luciana Pinto , Lima Vivian Passos , Menezes Pedro de Lemos
Published: October 2008

OBJETIVOS: investigar a importância das dimensões anatômicas dos ombros e da cabeça para a localização de fontes sonoras por ouvintes normais, em ambiente reverberante; correlacionar o percentual de acertos na localização sonora com o comprimento e largura da cabeça e o comprimento e largura do ombro e observar a diferença entre as diversas freqüências sonoras apresentadas. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi composta por 52 indivíduos, 20 homens e 32 mulheres, os quais foram submetidos aos testes de otoscopia, audiometria tonal liminar, imitanciometria e emissões otoacústicas. Todos apresentaram audição dentro dos padrões de normalidade. Foram realizadas as medidas de comprimento e largura da cabeça e ombros. Posteriormente, os indivíduos foram submetidos ao teste de localização sonora, nos planos horizontal e vertical, nas freqüências de 500, 2.000 e 4.000 Hz. RESULTADOS: obteve-se correlação significativa (p <0,05) apenas entre a largura dos ombros e os acertos no plano horizontal utilizando-se as freqüências de 2 e 4 kHz. CONCLUSÃO: o percentual de acertos na localização sonora aumenta com o aumento do comprimento dos ombros nas freqüências de 2 e 4 kHz, no plano horizontal.
A new species of Glaphyropoma: the first subterranean copionodontine catfish and the first occurrence of opercular odontodes in the subfamily (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)
Authors: Bichuette Maria Elina , Pinna Mario César Cardoso de , Trajano Eleonora
Published: October 2008

A new species of the rare copionodontine genus Glaphyropoma is described from subterranean waters in the Diamantina Plateau, Bahia State, central northeastern Brazil. This is the first troglomorphic species in the subfamily Copionodontinae. It is distinguished from all other copionodontines by the presence of opercular odontodes, and further distinguished from its only congener, G. rodriguesi, by the reduction of dark integumentary pigmentation. The new species shares the single synapomorphy previously proposed for Glaphyropoma, the marked narrowing of the first hypobranchial and indirect character evidence also supports its inclusion in the genus. The presence of opercular odontodes in the new species, in combination with a reviewed hypothesis of sister group relationship between Copionodontinae and Trichogeninae, indicate that the absence of opercular odontodes in previously-known copionodontines is secondary, rather than primitive.
Gymnotocinclus anosteos, a new uniquely-plated genus and species of loricariid catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from the upper rio Tocantins basin, central Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Tiago Pinto , Lehmann A. Pablo , Reis Roberto E.
Published: October 2008

Gymnotocinclus anosteos, a new genus and species, is described from a headwater stream of the upper rio Tocantins basin in central Brazil. The new taxon is distinguished from other loricariids by the extreme reduction of dermal plates, having an almost completely naked body. Three other diagnostic features are: the absence of the lateral connecting bone, absence of bifid hemal spines, and odontode tips in the last dermal plates on the caudal peduncle dorsally or anteriorly curved. These derived features are not shared with any other hypoptopomine genus and the new taxon is hypothesized to be a basal member of the subfamily. Character states proposed by previous phylogenies of the subfamily are examined in the new taxon and its relationships are discussed.
Three new species of the armored catfish genus Loricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from river channels of the Amazon basin
Authors: Thomas Matthew R. , Py-Daniel Lúcia H. Rapp
Published: October 2008

Three new species of Loricaria are described from large white- and black-water river channels of the Amazon basin of Brazil, the upper rio Negro drainage of southern Venezuela, and clear waters of the lower rio Tocantins. Loricaria spinulifera and L. pumila differ from other species of Loricaria by having unique patterns of abdominal plate development and hypertrophied odontodes forming conspicuous crests on dorsal surfaces of the head and predorsal plates. Both are small species of Loricaria, reaching sexual maturity at less than 120 mm SL, and exhibiting sexually dimorphic characters consistent with members of the L. cataphracta complex. Loricaria spinulifera differs from L. pumila in having a unique arrangement of buccal papillae and large thorn-like odontodes on the dorsum of the head. Loricaria pumila is the smallest known Loricaria, reaching sexual maturity at less than 80 mm SL. Loricaria lundbergi differs from other Loricaria by having a unique abdominal plate pattern, broad head, and small basicaudal plate. Loricaria lundbergi is sympatric with L. spinulifera in the lower rio Negro drainage, but is also known from the rio Baria system of the Casiquiare drainage. Loricaria pumila occurs in the lower rio Amazonas and lower rio Tocantins. All three new species exhibit varying degrees of reduction in eye size and pigmentation seen in other fishes inhabiting deep river channels of South America.
A new pale-spotted species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Tocantins and rio Xingu basins in central Brazil
Authors: Zawadzki Cláudio H. , Birindelli José L. O. , Lima Flávio C. T.
Published: October 2008

A new species of the genus Hypostomus Lacépède (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from rio Tocantins and rio Xingu basins in central Brazil, is described. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a unique combination of pale blotches over a darker background on head, body and fins, and conspicuous keels on head, predorsal region and lateral plates. Comments on the pale-spotted species of Hypostomus are provided.
Description of a new Lithoxus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Guayana Highlands with a discussion of Guiana Shield biogeography
Authors: Lujan Nathan K.
Published: October 2008

Lithoxus jantjae, new species, is described from above Tencua Falls in headwaters of the Ventuari River, a white- to clearwater river flowing west from the Maigualida and Parima mountains in the Guayana Highlands of southern Venezuela. Lithoxus jantjae represents a nearly 600 km westward range expansion for a genus historically known only from Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil. Lithoxus jantjae shares with other species of Lithoxus a dorsoventrally depressed body and a large, papilose oral disk with small toothcups and few teeth. It can be distinguished from congeners by a unique combination of characters including 12 branched caudal-fin rays, medial premaxillary tooth cusps enlarged, and a convex posterior margin of the adipose-fin membrane. With the discovery of L. jantjae, Lithoxus becomes the most recent example of a growing list of rheophilic loricariid genera with disjunct distributions on east and west sides of the Guayana Highlands. A biogeographic hypothesis relying on the existence of a proto-Berbice River uniting the southern Guayana Highlands with rivers of the central Guiana Shield is advanced to partially explain the modern distribution of these species.
Microglanis carlae, a new species of bumblebee catfish (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the río Paraguay basin in Paraguay
Authors: Alcaraz Héctor S. Vera , Graça Weferson J. da , Shibatta Oscar A.
Published: October 2008

Microglanis carlae, new species, is described from the río Paraguay basin and distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: paired and anal fins mottled or with thin faint bands, trunk with dark-brown saddles, anterior margin of pectoral spine with serrations retrorse proximally and antrorse distally, tip of pectoral spine as a distinct bony point, continuous portion of lateral line reaching vertical through last dorsal-fin ray, caudal peduncle with irregularly shaped, faint to dark blotch, maxillary barbel surpassing vertical through dorsal-spine origin, and dark bar on posterior flank continuous from base of adipose fin to that of anal fin. The new species is included in the Microglanis parahybae species complex on the basis of color pattern.
Solar Forcing of Changes in Atmospheric Circulation, Earth's Rotation and Climate
Authors: Mazzarella Adriano
Published: October 2008

Cross analysis of available historical series of solar wind turbulence, atmospheric circulation, Earth’s rotation and sea surface temperature, when smoothed from the secular trend and periods shorter than 23 years, allowed a cascade climatological model to be set up that integrates the Sun-atmosphere-Earth system as a simple unit and ties solar corpuscular output to sea surface temperature through atmospheric circulation and the Earth’s rotation. An increase in solar corpuscular activity causes a deceleration of zonal atmospheric circulation which, like a torque, causes a deceleration of the Earth’s rotation that, in turn, causes a decrease in sea surface temperature. Application of this holistic model allows us to predict a gradual decline in global warming starting from the current decade.
The Rainbow Prim Algorithm for Selecting Putative Orthologous Protein Sequences
Authors: Troisi Anna Rosa , Aloisio Giovanni , Rossi Ivan , Fariselli Piero , Casadio Fariselli
Published: October 2008

We present a selection method designed for eliminating species redundancy in clusters of putative orthologous
sequences, to be applied as a post-processing procedure to pre-clustered data obtained from other methods. The algorithm
can always zero-out the cluster redundancy while preserving the number of species of the original cluster
Learning without Limits: A Marxist Assessment
Authors: Cole Mike
Published: October 2008

In this article, the author begins by outlining the main features of the Fixed Ability paradigm and the Learning Without Limits paradigm (developed in the book of the same name) respectively. It is argued that the Fixed Ability paradigm must be contested if we are to realise the unlimited potential of the working class, a basic premise of Marxism. The author goes on to suggest that while the LWL paradigm is a considerable advance on the Fixed Ability paradigm, and that it accords with this basic premise of Marxism, it is lacking in two respects: first, its inherent social democratic politics, and second, its lack of concern with the emancipatory potential of content in the curriculum. The author concludes by suggesting some spaces within the English National Curriculum where discussions about global capitalism, and its only humane alternative, international socialism, might take place.
Post-Structuralism, Realism and the Question of Knowledge in Educational Sociology: A Derridian Critique of Social Realism in Education
Authors: Balarin Maria
Published: October 2008

This article engages with a current debate in the sociology of educational knowledge which seeks to dispel the alleged relativism of social constructivist influences in education. While supporting the claim that the sociology of education needs to bring knowledge ‘back in’ to its understanding of school processes and policies, the author contends the necessary relativism that proponents of such efforts often attribute to some of the philosophies that have inspired constructivism. To support this, the article explores the compatibility of some of the realist tenets of post-empiricist philosophy with those of post-structuralism, especially as seen in the work of Jacques Derrida. It is suggested that if the latter's thought does not necessarily shun the connection between knowledge and reality, its contributions towards an ethical understanding of knowledge can be positively incorporated in current debates about the role of knowledge in education.
The Effect of High-dose Topical Corticosteroid Therapy on Prevention of Recurrent Nasal Polyps after Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Kang Il Gyu , Yoon Byung Ki , Jung Joo Hyun , Cha Heung Eog , Kim Seon Tae
Published: October 2008

Background

Topical corticosteroid spray is widely used after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) to reduce the recurrence of polyposis. However, it has not always shown satisfactory results in clinical practice. We compared the effects of topical spray and high-dose topical steroid gauze packing on the prevention of recurrent nasal polyps after ESS.

Methods

We selected 32 patients with recurrent nasal polyps after ESS. In group 1, 18 patients were treated with topical steroid spray and in group 2,14 patients were treated with triamcinolone acetonide–soaked (40 mg) gauze packing once a week for 2 months after revision ESS. We observed the recurrence of polyps between the two groups for 12 months.

Results

Polyps recurred in 8 of 18 patients in group 1 compared with 1 of 14 patients in group 2 (p = 0.044).

Conclusion

High-dose topical corticosteroid therapy may be more effective than low-dose topical therapy in preventing recurrent nasal polyps.
Occupational Rhinitis in Damp and Moldy Workplaces
Authors: Karvala Kirsi , Nordman Henrik , Luukkonen Ritva , Nykyri Elina , Lappalainen Sanna , Hannu Timo , Toskala Elina
Published: October 2008

Background

Numerous studies confirm the association between exposure to indoor air dampness and molds and different health outcomes. Of these, upper respiratory tract problems are the most commonly reported work-related symptoms in damp indoor environments. The aim of this study was to describe a clinically investigated patient series with occupational rhinitis induced by molds.

Methods

Nasal provocation test (NPT) with commercial fungal allergens was performed in 369 patients during 1995–2004 at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Of these, 60 (16%) were positive. In addition to positive NPT, the diagnosis of occupational rhinitis was based on verified exposure to molds, work-related nasal symptoms, and clinical investigations. We wanted to review the patient files of these 60 patients retrospectively, and 56 patients gave their informed consent.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 43.7 years (SD ∓ 9.5). Fifty (89.3%) patients were women. In 23% of the patients, IgE-mediated allergy to molds could be established. Atopy significantly increased IgE sensitization to molds (OR, 10.3 [95% CI, 2.0–52.5]). The most common mold to induce occupational rhinitis was Aspergillus fumigatus. Exposure time was over 5 years in 63% of the patients. Association between the IgE sensitization to molds and exposure level was statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.046).

Conclusion

This is the first clinically investigated series on occupational rhinitis in relation to a moldy environment. Based on our findings, we conclude that molds growing in conjunction with moisture damages can induce occupational rhinitis. IgE-mediated allergy to molds was not common. Atopy and significant exposure level increased IgE sensitization to molds. zri00508
An Animal Model for Nasofrontal Duct Obstruction and Frontal Sinus Mucocele Formation
Authors: Maturo Stephen , Weitzel Erik , Brennan Joseph
Published: October 2008

Background

This study was performed to show occlusion of the nasofrontal duct and mucocele formation in a goat model. A pilot study was performed to investigate whether a goat is a suitable model for creating nasofrontal duct obstruction and mucocele formation.

Methods

Three adult goats underwent frontal sinus anterior table osteoplastic flap creation with identification and occlusion of the nasofrontal outflow tract with frontalis muscle plugging. Three months later, the goats were killed and gross examination of the frontal sinus, along with histopathological confirmation of mucocele formation, were performed.

Results

All animals showed mucocele formation on gross examination and histological sectioning. There was no gross or histological evidence of bony erosion. The nasofrontal outflow tracts remained occluded.

Conclusion

This study provides a suitable animal model for the investigation of nasofrontal outflow tract obstruction and mucocele formation in the frontal sinus. The goat frontal sinus and nasofrontal outflow tract provide an excellent model for frontal sinus studies because they are comparable in size with humans. The results provide evidence of mucocele formation with occluded nasofrontal outflow tracts.
The scent-diffusing ventilator for rehabilitation of olfactory function after laryngectomy
Authors: Goektas Oender , Fleiner Franca , Frieler Katja , Scherer Hans , Paschen Christian
Published: October 2008

Background

The larynx bypass (LB) is the only device capable of providing laryngectomy patients with the ability to smell. Our findings regarding one-time and long-term use did reveal an improved olfactory function in these patients. Because the LB is difficult to use, however, it is not appropriate for everyday use. Therefore, we devised a new instrument: the scent-diffusing ventilator (SV).

Methods

Between January 2006 and February 2007, we researched the olfactory function of 16 patients who had undergone a laryngectomy (13 men/3 women; median age, 63 years) by using the LB and the SV. Their olfactory function was measured with the Sniffin’ Sticks test battery. Further practicability of both methods was determined through a visual analog scale (1–10).

Results

The patients’ olfactory function significantly improved (SV median 8 versus LB median 7; p < 0.002). In addition, the SV was much easier to use than the LB (median, 6 versus 5; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Further technical improvements are necessary to make the SV an established part of the rehabilitation of the olfactory function after laryngectomy.
Management of Retrobulbar Hematoma
Authors: Han Joseph K. , Caughey Robert J. , Gross Charlie W. , Newman Steve
Published: October 2008

Background

Retrobulbar hematoma (RH) is a complication that can result from both otolaryngic and ophthalmologic procedures. RH can occur during endoscopic sinus surgery and improper treatment can result in several morbidities, including visual loss. Despite serious consequences, management for RH is not well evaluated. However, lateral canthotomy with cantholysis is generally recommended. The objective of this study is to review the management for RH.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed at our tertiary hospital from 1979 to 2006 for patients with the ICD-9 code for orbital hematoma. The demographic information, comorbidities, presentation, management, follow-up period, and outcomes were evaluated. Data were analyzed.

Results

Twenty-two patients were identified with 13 male patients and an average age of 43 years (range, 11–80 years). The RH was broken into three categories: iatrogenic, six cases; trauma, eight cases; and spontaneous, eight cases. The most common symptom was diplopia followed by orbital pain. The average pretreatment and posttreatment tonometric pressures were 25.3 mm Hg (range, 11–60 mm Hg) and 14.5 mm Hg (range, 10–22 mm Hg), respectively. The average proptosis was 4.3 (range: 0–8) mm. Treatments were observation (13 cases), medical treatment alone (4 cases), and surgical treatment with and without medical treatment (5 cases). Sixty-eight percent of the patient's visual acuity improved with these treatments. Twenty-seven percent had no visual changes from the RH. The average follow-up was 5 years.

Conclusion

Traditionally, lateral canthotomy with cantholysis is recommended for the treatment for RH. However, in certain patients and settings, there may be an acceptable alternative option for the management of RH.
No Packing versus Packing after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Pursuit of Patients’ Comfort after Surgery
Authors: Mo Ji-Hun , Han Doo Hee , Shin Hyun-Woo , Cha Wonjae , Chang Mun-Young , Jin Hong-Ryul
Published: October 2008

Background

This study was designed to evaluate the necessity of postoperative nasal packing and to find factors relevant in determining if nasal packing was required after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methods

From January 2007 through June 2007, 64 consecutive patients who underwent ESS were evaluated. The decision whether or not to perform nasal packing depended on the surgeon's judgment of the bleeding after surgery. Demographic characteristics, medical history, disease extent, surgical procedures, and subjective and objective amount of intraoperative bleeding were analyzed. Postoperative symptoms and endoscopic findings were evaluated also.

Results

Forty-eight (75%) of the 64 patients included in this study did not have nasal packing after ESS. One patient from the no-packing group needed nasal packing postoperatively because of persistent nasal bleeding. Symptom scores of nasal obstruction and postnasal drip on the 1st postoperative day were lower in the no-packing group. In unilateral ESS cases, subjectively estimated blood loss and mucosal inflammation scores were lower in the no-packing group. It was observed that preoperative steroid use was more frequent in the packing group. All other parameters did not show significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusion

Nasal packing can be safely used less frequently to help the patients experience less discomfort after ESS. The need for nasal packing after ESS can be decided by judicious estimation of bleeding during and after the surgery.
The Use of Nasopharyngeal Airways for Airway Diversion in Anterior Craniofacial Resection
Authors: Lewis Carol M. , Lin Derrick T. , Curry William T. , Barker Fred G. , Deschler Daniel G.
Published: October 2008

Background

Tension pneumocephalus is an uncommon, but life-threatening, postoperative complication associated with craniofacial resection. This study was performed to evaluate our institution's experience using nasal trumpets for airway diversion.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent anterior craniofacial resection (ACR) from 2000 to 2006. After Institutional Review Board approval, charts were reviewed with specific attention to short- and long-term complications.

Results

Twenty-two patients have undergone ACR since 2000 and had nasopharyngeal airways postoperatively. Nineteen patients (86.4%) were extubated on the day of surgery. Fourteen patients (63.6%) spent 1 day in an intensive care unit for observation. Nasal trumpets remained in place for an average of 7.3 days and patients had an average hospital stay of 7.4 days. Complications occurred in 14 patients (63.6%), with infection as the most common cause. No cases pneumocephalus, meningitis, epidural abscess, or bone flap loss occurred in this group of patients.

Conclusion

We present the use of nasopharyngeal airways in postoperative ACR patients as a successful method of airway diversion, which can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumocephalus and related morbidity.
Rhinologic Outcomes of Concurrent Operation for Pituitary Adenoma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: An Early Experience
Authors: Heo Kyung Wook , Park Seong Kook
Published: October 2008

Background

The transsphenoidal approach (TSA) is the procedure of choice for the vast majority of pituitary neoplasms. Sinusitis is considered a contraindication to TSA because of possible transcranial spread of infection. This study was performed to determine if TSA for pituitary tumors could be extended to patients with pituitary adenoma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods

Medical records, including rhinologic outcomes, were retrospectively assessed in 11 consecutive patients who underwent concurrent TSA and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) because of pituitary adenoma and CRS between May 2004 and October 2007.

Results

The 11 patients consisted of 5 men and 6 women, with a mean age of 55 years (range, 31–69 years) and average follow-up of 24.4 months (range, 6–44 months). Preoperatively, all patients had symptoms of CRS, but none had acute exacerbation of rhinosinusitis. All patients had CRS and two had nasal polyps. TSA was via the transcolumellar transseptal approach in seven patients and the transnasal approach in four patients. No postoperative complications due to ESS were observed. Two patients, including one with sphenoid aspergillosis, had preoperative unilateral sphenoid sinusitis, which was managed by ESS on the involved side, with TSA performed concurrently through the contralateral healthy sphenoid sinus. There was one case of postoperative sphenoid sinusitis and one case of septal perforation due to TSA. There were no postoperative intracranial complications, including meningitis and brain abscess.

Conclusion

Concurrent TSA and ESS can be performed in selected patients with CRS and pituitary adenoma. Future studies should involve more patients and longer follow-ups.
Intracranial Complications before and after Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction
Authors: Harvey Richard J. , Smith Jacob E. , Wise Sarah K. , Patel Sunil J. , Frankel Bruce M. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: October 2008

Background

Endoscopic skull base reconstruction (ESBR) has been widely accepted in the management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. However, it is not the CSF leak itselfbut the potential for life-threatening intracranial complications (ICCs) that is of primary clinical concern. The risk of developing complications, such as meningitis, in a skull base defect is unknown. Many ESBR are multilayered soft tissue repairs, and long-term prevention of ICCs is not well described.

Methods

Retrospective chart review and telephone consultation was used to assess patients who had an ESBR from 2002 to 2008. The incidence of an ICCs (meningitis, cerebral abscess, and pneumocephalus) and associated risk factors were assessed before and after surgery.

Results

One hundred six patients underwent ESBR (mean age (∓SD), 47.7 ∓ 18.5 years; range, 2–78 years) with 95.3% long-term follow-up (mean, 19.9 ∓ 16.3 months). ICCs occurred in 21.7% of patients at presentation, in 2.8% of patients during the perioperative period (<2 weeks), and in one patient (0.9%) during the postoperative period. Risk factors for presenting with an ICC and meningitis were revision cases performed elsewhere (χ2 = 9.10; p = 0.007) and leaking encephaloceles (χ2 = 5.98; p = 0.014). Factors not associated with increased ICC were an active CSF leak at presentation (χ2 = 3.03; p = 0.082) and previous radiotherapy.

Conclusion

ESBR offers an excellent long-term option in preventing subsequent ICC with low perioperative complications. ESBR is robust with delayed (>2weeks) CSF leakage occurring in only 1.9% regardless of etiology. The presence of identifiable risk factors for ICC may guide the surgeon in determining the urgency of ESBR.
The Epidemiology of Psychiatric Illness in Industrialised Society
Authors: Burvill P. W.
Published: October 2008

There is no convincing evidence that the amount of formal psychiatric illness is any greater in industrialised than in non-industrialised societies, although the amount of social deviance probably is greater. It is seriously questioned whether modern industrialised society is any more stressful than any other type of society either current or in any earlier era. However, lack of comparable data between different societies and between different time periods presents major methodological problems in fully assessing these issues.
The Relationship between Suicide, Undetermined Deaths and Accidental Deaths in the Australian Born and Migrants in Australia
Authors: Burvill P. W. , McCall M. G. , Stenhouse N. S. , Woodings T. L.
Published: October 2008

Australian data pertaining to Suicide and Accidental Deaths (I.C.D.7) for the years 1962-69 are compared with those for suicide, undetermined deaths and accidental deaths (I.C.D.8) for 1968-71, specific for country of birth. The data strongly suggest that deaths classified as ‘undetermined’ after the introduction of that I.C.D. category in 1968, had been classified as accidental prior to that data, especially deaths from poisoning. There was some differential between the Australian and U.K. born and the European born. It was estimated that Australian suicide rates are possibly underestimated by 5–10% for males, and 10–20% for females by categorising some deaths from poisoning as being undetermined or accidental.
Psychosocial Stress and Ischaemic Heart Disease: A Rejoinder to Boman's Response
Authors: Tennant Christopher
Published: October 2008

This reply focuses on the two main areas of Dr Boman's critique. First, his interpretation of additional literature not cited in the original review is discussed. I would argue that most of this literature is retrospective and involves unsophisticated analyses: causal interpretations are not easily supported by the studies he cites. Secondly, conclusions based on the clinical evidence of the ‘Smith’ case are also poorly founded; this is discussed in some detail with some attention given to the severity of the war related stressor and the time and nature of the patient's emotional response to it.
A Comparative Study of Neurotic Depression in Symptomatic Volunteers and Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Parker Gordon , Blignault Ilse
Published: October 2008

A comparative study of neurotic depression in 66 symptomatic community volunteers (SVs) and 43 formal psychiatric patients is reported. Compared to the psychiatric patients the SVs were older and there was a less marked female preponderance. Their depression was of a longer duration and vegetative symptoms (e.g. appetite and weight loss) were less marked. They were less likely to have made a suicide attempt in the past, less likely to be single or divorced, and much less likely to have experienced a disruption in an intimate relationship in the preceding year. On personality measures the SVs rated as having a more internal locus of control and a higher self-esteem. An Index of Definition cut-off point of 5 or more on the PSE for a neurotic depressive ‘case’ is supported by the finding that only 2% of the patients, compared with 26% of the SVs, did not rate as ‘cases’.
Psychiatric Hospital versus Community Treatment: The Results of a Randomised Trial
Authors: Hoult John , Reynolds Ingrid , Charbonneau-Powis Marie , Weekes Penelope , Briggs Jennifer
Published: October 2008

One hundred and twenty patients presenting for admission were randomly allocated into two groups. Controls received standard hospital care and after-care. Projects were not admitted if this could be avoided; instead they and their relatives were provided with comprehensive community treatment and a 24-hour crisis service. Patients with a primary diagnosis of alcohol or drug dependence, organic brain disorder or mental retardation were excluded. During the 12 months study period, 96% of controls were admitted, 51% more than once. Of the projects, 60% were not admitted at all and only 8% were admitted more than once. Controls spent an average of 53.5 days in psychiatric hospitals; projects spent an average of 8.4 days. Community treatment did not increase the burden upon the community, was considered to be significantly more satisfactory and helpful by patients and their relatives, achieved a clinically superior outcome, and cost less than standard care and after-care.
Isoperibolic Titration Calorimetry as a Tool for the Prediction of Thermodynamic Properties of Cyclodextrins
Authors: Moreno-Piraján Juan Carlos , Giraldo Liliana
Published: October 2008

The interaction of guest molecules ranging from pentan-1-ol to octan-1-ol with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) in water of has been studied calorimetrically at 283.15, 288.15, 293.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K with an isoperibolic titration calorimeter designed in our laboratory. The calorimetric method employed allows the determination of the thermodynamic parameters characterizing the binding process, ΔG°m, ΔH°m, ΔS°mand ΔCp°, namely free energy, enthalpy, and calorific capacity. These results show that in the temperature range investigated, the entropy change increased with chain length. This is in line with what is expected for a hydrophobic dehydration process. However, that effect is not expected to lead to the more pronounced negative CH2-increment observed for nc > 5 or 6. As for many other ligand binding processes, we can observe a significant enthalpy - entropy compensation for this system, both with respect to temperature and structure.
Plectranthias lamillai, a new Anthiine fish species (Perciformes, Serranidae) from the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile
Authors: Rojas M. José Rodrigo , Pequeño R. Germán
Published: October 2008

Plectranthias lamillai new species, is described and illustrated as a new anthiine serranid fish from Alejandro Selkirk Island, the westernmost island of the Juan Fernández Archipelago, about 700 km west of Chile at 33°45´S, 80°51´W. The following combination of characters distinguishes it from all other serranids: dorsal fin rays X,16; principal caudal-fin rays 17 (8+9); pectoral-fin rays 16; gillrakers 28 (8+20); tubed lateral-line scales 40-41; 10 rows of scales on cheek; maxilla narrow and rounded; posterior margin of bony opercle with three spinous processes, the middle one largest; subopercle 2-6 small serrae; pseudobranch with 24 filaments; circumpeduncular scales 16; pelvic fin inserted beneath base of pectoral fin, the tip reaching a vertical through base of tenth dorsal-fin spine, falling short of the anus; a broad red bar from sixth dorsal-fin spine to base of fifth ray, extending to anus and above anal fin as a narrow band that widens on the peduncle and then bifurcates over the upper and lower margins of the caudal fin; rest of the caudal fin yellowish. Pectoral fins orange; pelvic and anal fins whitish.
Two functionally different muscle fibre types in some salps?
Authors: Bone Q. , Braconnot J. C. , Carre C.
Published: October 2008

This paper describes the structure and operation of the fibres in the locomotor muscle bands of several salp species. In many species, for example Thalia democratica or Pegea confoederata, all the muscle fibres of the locomotor muscle bands are similar in width and structure. In others, for example Salpa fusiformis and S. maxima, although fibre structure is similar, the marginal fibres edging the bands may be some 3-4 times the width of those in the centre of the band. In Ihlea punctata, not only is there a more striking difference in width between the marginal and central fibres of the bands, but also the two differ in structure. The marginal fibres are up to 10 times the width of the central fibres and the two differ in myofibrillar and mitochondrial content. Intracellular recordings from the fibres show that the normally compound spike potentials do not overshoot resting potentials (up to -70 mV), and are decremental. The two types of fibre may be separately activated. It is suggested that in Ihlea punctata, the wide marginal fibres may be involved in slow swimming, the central narrow fibres in `escape´ swimming.
Fecundity and spawning in squid of families Enoploteuthidae and Ancistrocheiridae (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida)
Authors: Laptikhovsky V. V.
Published: October 2008

Reproductive system, potential fecundity (PF), relative fecundity (RF) and egg size (ES) were studied in Enoploteuthis anapsis, Abraliopsis atlantica, A.pfefferi (Enoploteuthidae) and Ancistrocheirus lesueurii (Ancystrocheiridae) at different stages of the life cycle. The reproductive system of mature females is 5-19% of the total weight. In Enoploteuthidae PF is 4 000-30 000, RF is 1 000 - 10 000, ES is 0.88-1.1 mm. In Ancistrocheirus the PF is 200 000 - 800 000, RF is about 200 and ES is 1.75-1.85. An examination of advanced spawning and spent animals showed that females spawn more than 60-65% of potential fecundity. The reproductive strategy of the species studied is similar to that of the large nectonic squid families Ommastrephidae and Thysanoteuthidae
On the biology and fishery of Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816), (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata) in the Ibiza Channel (Balearic Islands, Spain)
Authors: García Rodríguez M. , Esteban A.
Published: October 2008

This study presents data on the biology and fishery of Aristeus antennatus in the Ibiza Channel, obtained from monthly samples carried out on commercial catches landed in the port of Santa Pola during 1992, 1993 and 1994. The estimations undertaken from the von Bertalanffy Growth Model (VBGF) parameters gave high K values, indicating that the males would reach 23 mm CL in the first year and the females 29 mm CL, which would represent a maximum life expectancy of three and four years, respectively. The reproduction period, based on the percentages of maturation, fecundity and spawning activity, was defined as starting at the end of the spring and lasting through the summer, with greatest intensity in the months of June to September. The sizes at first maturity (L50) of 18.1 mm for males and 21.9 mm for females, indicated that maturation would have to take place within the first year of life. The total annual landings for the whole zone fluctuated around an average of 76 t per year. The mean catch per unit of effort (CPUE), expressed in kilograms of shrimp by boat and fishing day, was 29.12 kg/boat/day. The values of biomass, yields and mortalities obtained by LCA and VPA showed that the stock was slightly overexploited, although the resource was able to cope with variations in the fishing effort with the yields hardly altering. This demonstrated a high rate of biomass production (Turnover), with the mortality vector having a greater effect on the older age classes, especially in the females. This fact could be due to the whole resource not being equally accessible, since exploitation was based on the largest sizes, in which the females predominated.
Parasites of cephalopods in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea (western Mediterranean): new host records and host specificity
Authors: Gestal C. , Belcari Paola , Abollo Elvira , Pascual Santiago
Published: October 2008

This paper examines the species composition of the parasite fauna and the values of infection for seven species of cephalopods in the Mediterranean at the Tyrrhenian Sea (West coast of Italy). Results suggest the important role of cephalopods as intermediate hosts in the life cycle of anisakine nematodes and pennellid copepods. The low host specificity (i. e., eurixenous condition) of metazoan parasites in cephalopods worldwide is also reinforced.