bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotion Classification System for ASD Group by Using Wireless EEG Monitoring Device
Authors: Ghee Hou Soh , Prof. Madya. Ir. Ts. Dr Mohd Ridzuan bin Ahmad
Published: September 2024

This paper delves into a study employing dry electroencephalograms (EEG) as input features to discern emotions in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While EEG is a prevalent tool in emotion classification studies for typically developing individuals, less attention has been directed towards its application in the ASD population. In this study, ten participants diagnosed with ASD wore wireless dry EEG sensors to capture their EEG signals. These signals encompassed alpha, beta, delta, theta, and gamma waves, which were subsequently subjected to feature extraction techniques such as the t-test, principal component analysis (PCA), ReliefF, and Chi-Square. Classification of positive, neutral, and negative emotions was performed using various algorithms, including K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Tree (RT), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Ultimately, employing SVM with a t-test enhanced the accuracy of emotion classification for the ASD group from 66.4% to 74.1%.
Contemporary Methodologies for Identifying and Categorizing Microalgae: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives
Authors: POK WEI HAN , Ahmad Mohd Ridzuan
Published: September 2024

As more people become connected to the grid and the energy demand continues to increase, non-renewable energy sources are being consumed at a faster rate than they are being replaced. Microalgae, often referred to as "green gold" have shown great potential as a renewable energy source due to their unique characteristics. However, not all microalgae are suitable to use as replacements for traditional fossil fuels. Therefore, it is essential for researchers to accurately identify and classify microalgae based on their species and energy-producing capabilities. The main objective of this paper is to present a detailed summary of the current technologies employed in the classification and detection of microalgae. Both traditional manual microscopy and advanced artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning and deep learning are covered in this overview. Furthermore, this paper offers a critical analysis of these technologies and provides suggestions for enhancing their effectiveness. Despite deep learning being the most advanced technology for microalgae classification and detection, there is still significant potential for future improvements that could further increase the accuracy.
Development of a Technique for Mitigating Four-Wave Mixing Effect in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System Using DP-QPSK with Channel Spacing
Authors: Tooki Oluwaseun , Robert Abolade  , David Aborisade  , Idowu Ojerinde  , Olabisi Ogunkeyede
Published: September 2024

A Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system is a vital component in the optical network for the transmission of high data over a long distance. However, the non-linear effect of Four-Wave Mixing (FWM), one of the critical non-linear effects, limits the channel capacity and the amount of data that the DWDM system transmits. Intensity Modulation formats and Channel Shuffling algorithms being used to overcome the impact of FWM in DWDM are unable to sufficiently suppress the FWM effect due to limited capacity. This research, therefore, examined the mitigation of the FWM effect in the DWDM system using Dual Polarization Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DP-QPSK) and channel arrangement. The DP-QPSK was designed and implemented using 100 GHz for both Equal Space Channel Allocation (ESCA) and Unequal Space Channel Allocation (USCA). It was analysed on a 64-channel DWDM system operating at 100 Gbps capacity over a transmission distance of 1000 km. The DP-QPSK-based ESCA and USCA techniques were simulated using OptiSystem 17 simulation software and Python for data analysis. The performance of the system was evaluated using bit error rate (BER), optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and Electrical Constellation Diagram. Validation was done with other advanced modulation formats: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and Differential-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (D-QPSK). The DWDM system using DP-QPSK gave better performance due to the highest OSNR and BER values obtained when compared with ESCA-based QPSK and D-QPSK techniques. The technique can be used to suppress the effect of FWM in optical communication systems.
State of-The-Art Multi-Input DC-DC Converter Topologies and their Control Techniques: A Review
Authors: ALANSSARI AHMED SALAH AHMED , D.Mohd Rodhi Bin Sahid  , Dr.Razman Ayop  , Farag S ABDALLA Elghabsi  , Masoud A.Sahhouk  , Dr.Abdulgader Alsharif
Published: September 2024

Environmental awareness and technological advancement have made renewable energy sources such as fuel cell,solar photovoltaic (PV), wind energy an emerging research area. Power electronics converters are used as interface betweenthe renewable energy sources and the load unit, aimed at matching these sources with the load demand and improving thesteady-state and dynamic characteristics. Traditional method of using multiple single-input single-output dc-dc converter tointegrate several renewable energy sources, comes with challenges in controller design, poor efficiency, low power densityand increase in cost. To address these limitations, the use of an integrated multi-port converter is a preferable solution.Recently, several multi-port dc-dc converter topologies have been reported each having its peculiarity in terms of number ofcomponent count, relationships between input and output, voltage conversion ratio, control algorithm and efficiency. Thisarticle reviewed multi-port dc-dc converters presented by different research groups from the point of view of topology, inputand output relation and structure. Furthermore, control algorithms proposed to solve various control problems are alsoreviewed.
Polishing Machine Control System Based on B-Spline Curve Trajectory
Authors: Qitao Tan , Mohd Basri Mohd Ariffanan , Jianbin Wang
Published: September 2024

In this study, a B-spline trajectory control algorithm is presented, showcasing its ability to achieve smooth trajectory control within an embedded motion control system. Traditional surface machining methods involve converting interpolated trajectories into G-code using numerical control (NC) software, which is then downloaded and executed on the numerical control system. This research introduces a specialized third-degree B-spline interpolation method tailored for curved surface trajectories, aiming to enhance machining efficiency. A significant strength of this project lies in the holistic design of an embedded system, encompassing both hardware circuitry and software logic. Utilizing the cost-effective STM32 architecture, a B-spline discrete velocity interpolation algorithm is implemented, validated through experiments conducted on a polishing machine system. The project involves MATLAB software for data simulations and experiments on a polishing machine using B-spline curve interpolation, confirming the practicality and effectiveness of the third-degree B-spline algorithm within an embedded system.
Performance Evaluation of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-Assisted Millimeter-Wave Network Using Stochastic Geometry-Based Model
Authors: Saleh Mohammed Mehdi , Muhammad Nor Aishah , Seman Norhudah , Azmi Marwan Hadri
Published: September 2024

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands have received significant attention due to their large bandwidth and high frequency. However, mm-wave signals experience high attenuation primarily as a result of their high directivity and vulnerability to blockage, leading to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions and signal outages. Buildings, structures, and natural obstacles can cause signal blockage, which increases connection challenges and creates coverage gaps. A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a potential technique that can improve the coverage of mm-wave networks by intelligently reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment. RIS offers novel solutions to blockage issues by passively reflecting and rerouting mm-wave signals in desired directions. This paper presents a simulation-based evaluation of the signal-to-interference ratio coverage probability in RIS-assisted mm-wave networks based on stochastic geometry. We will use random shape theory to represent the blockages within the network. Furthermore, the impact of increasing the density of RIS and the number of reflective elements on network performance will be examined. The results show that RIS can enhance network coverage and decrease the effects of blockages, with considerable increases in coverage probability when compared to networks without RISs.
Obfuscated Computer Malware Classification Based on Significant Opcode
Authors: Yu Chii Heng , Ismahani Ismail
Published: September 2024

Computer malware has greatly impacted the computer network securities and even personal computer users. Signature-based detection is incapable to recognize the obfuscated computer malware since it is being covered by the obfuscation techniques. Therefore, machine learning is being explored and equipped in the malware detection to withstand the threaten of malware. In fact, there are many features available, i.e., text string to be implemented for malware classification. Nevertheless, opcode could be one of the features owing to its relative smaller data size compared to the text string. In this research, the significant opcodes of executable malware files which referring to the prevalent content from malware-to-malware generation are extracted as training dataset. Several machine learning classifiers are generated and compared in terms of classification accuracy and speed, as well as the comparison is done with text string-based detection and signature-based detection. From the finding, it is shown that machine learning detection performs more than 2 times better than signature based and machine learning generated based-on significant opcode features is able to detect obfuscated malware over 10 times faster than text string feature and still achieve up to 98% of accuracy.
Investigating Transmission Coefficients of AB-Stacked Bilayer Graphene Nanoribbons with Varied Edge Configurations
Authors: Wong Yuki , Alias Nurul Ezaila , Tian Swee Tan  , Tan Michael Loong Peng
Published: September 2024

In this study, the transmission coefficients of AB-stacked bilayer graphene nanoribbons (AB-BGNRs) with different edge configurations, specifically zigzag and armchair edges, are comprehensively investigated. These coefficients are modeled and simulated using the tight-binding (TB) model and non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism. The impact of edge structures on the electronic properties of AB-BGNRs is highlighted, providing insights into their potential applications in nanoelectronics devices. Significant variations between zigzag and armchair-edged bilayer graphene nanoribbons (BGNRs) are demonstrated, emphasizing the importance of edge configuration in device performance. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of edge effects in bilayer graphene and paves the way for the design of more efficient graphene-based electronic devices.
Learning Web for Brickwork Course at the Vocational College / Web Pembelajaran bagi Kursus Kerja Bata di Kolej Vokasional
Authors: Ali Dayana Farzeeha , Abdul Kadir Nurkhadijah , Ahmad Aimi Ruzaini , Abd Wahab Nuruljannah
Published: September 2024

The increasing demand for skilled workers in the construction industry underscores the importance of effective and modern education. Traditional approaches employed in teaching brickwork courses often face several challenges that impact the learning process. However, the use of academic modules resembling textbooks in the teaching and learning process (T&L) is seen as less suitable in meeting the challenges of the 21st-century curriculum changes. Moreover, the use of static and non-interactive modules leads to reduced student interest and attention because the T&L experienced is less engaging and makes it difficult for students to understand topics due to minimal sensory use. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the elements required in the development of a web-based learning platform for brickwork and the level of student understanding before and after learning using the web-based platform. The study design utilized was a quasi-experimental quantitative approach using pre and post-tests involving control and treatment groups. The instruments used were checklist forms and pre and post-tests. Respondents involved in this study consisted of experts in Educational Technology and first-year (semester 2) Malaysian Vocational Certificate (SVM) students from the Construction Technology course at a Vocational College. Data analysis in this study was descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean scores, frequency, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Wilcoxon T Test. The results showed a significant improvement in student performance after using the web-based learning platform for brickwork. Findings indicate that the development of the web-based learning platform in terms of interface display and interaction, content and instructional structure, and facilitation received high marks from experts. Essentially, the use of web-based learning for brickwork courses not only modernizes the educational approach but also optimizes accessibility, interactivity, and better prepares students for success in the construction industry.
The Effectiveness, Benefits and Challenges of the Implementation of Flipped Classroom in English Teaching and Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Xiaoying Lu , Abu Samah Norazrena
Published: September 2024

The aim of doing this systematic review is to fill up the gap on the benefits, challenges, and impacts of flipped classrooms in English language instruction and learning. The research incorporates data from 36 empirical studies that were published between 2017 and 2023. Examining peer-reviewed literature from databases including Web of Science, ERIC, and Scholar Google, the review's content analysis shows the finding are: Flipped classrooms have a positive impact on (1) student learning outcomes, which increased students’ academic achievement; (2) students’ motivation to learn and classroom engagement; (3) enhances social interaction skills and independent learning through group activities. The challenges include that: (1) Some students lack motivation; therefore, they skip watching lectures and materials on video outside of the classroom; (2) there are Issues related to technology, include unreliable internet connections and insufficient technical assistance and so on will set back the outcome. Despite the potential of the flipped classroom model to promote the effectiveness of English language learning, in order to fully realize this potential, improved technological infrastructure, professional development opportunities for teachers, and the cultivation of students' self-directed learning skills are required to address the pedagogical and technological obstacles that arise during implementation. Future studies should concentrate on standardized assessment techniques, cross-cultural and educational environment comparisons, and long-term learning results.
Combined impact of heat and dust on diabetes hospitalization in Kuwait
Authors: Alahmad Barrak , Ali Hamad , Alwadi Yazan , Al-Hemoud Ali , Koutrakis Petros , Al-Mulla Fahd
Published: September 2024

Introduction

In Kuwait, a severe diabetes and obesity epidemic coexists with intense dust storms and harsh summer heat. While, theoretically, this interplay between dust, heat, and diabetes presents a serious public health problem, the empirical understanding of the actual risks remains limited. We hypothesized that increased exposure to heat and dust, independently and jointly, exacerbates the risk of hospitalization for diabetes patients.

Research design and methods

We placed custom-designed particle samplers in Kuwait to collect daily dust samples for 2 years from 2017 to 2019. Samples were analyzed for elemental concentrations to identify and quantify dust pollution days. Temperature data were collected from meteorological stations. We then collected hospitalization data for unplanned diabetic admissions in all public hospitals in Kuwait. We used a case-crossover study design and conditional quasi-Poisson models to compare hospitalization days to control days within the same subject. Finally, we fitted generalized additive models to explore the smoothed interaction between temperature and dust days on diabetes hospitalization.

Results

There were 11 155 unplanned diabetes hospitalizations over the study period. We found that each year, there was an excess of 282 diabetic admissions attributed to hot days (95% CI: −14 to 473). Additionally, for every 10 µg/m
3
increase in dust levels, there were about 114 excess diabetic admissions annually (95% CI: 11 to 219). Compared with mild non-dusty days (33°C (0 µg/m
3
)), hot–dusty days jointly increased the relative risk of diabetic admissions from 1.11 at 42°C (85 µg/m
3
) to 1.36 at 42°C (150 µg/m
3
).

Conclusions

Both heat and dust seem to contribute to the increased diabetes morbidity, with combined hot–dusty conditions exacerbating these risks even further.
Association of socioeconomic status with prognosis in hypertensive patients over age 65: a cohort study in the community setting
Authors: Martin-Fernandez Jesus , Alonso-Safont Tamara , Gestri-Mora Patricia Elena , Polentinos-Castro Elena , Rodríguez-Martínez Gemma , Bilbao Amaia , del Cura-Gonzalez Mª Isabel
Published: September 2024

Objective

To examine whether socioeconomic status is associated with prognosis after the diagnosis of hypertension (HTN), in a population older than 65 years, in the community setting.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

All the primary care centres of the Community of Madrid (n=392).

Participants

All patients (>65 years) with a new diagnosis of HTN in 2007–08, without previous kidney or cardiovascular (K/CV) events (n=21 754).

Patient records from primary care electronic health records and Spanish mortality database were analysed from January 2007 through December 2018. Sociodemographic data such as age, gender, Area Deprivation Index (MEDEA—Mortalidad en áreas pequeñas Españolas y Desigualdades Socioeconómicas y Ambientales—Index in quintiles), and characteristics, such as smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia, were collected at the time of enrolment.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The occurrence of K/CV events (including mortality from these causes) and total mortality were evaluated using Cox regression.

Results

Patients had a mean age of 73.5 (SD 6.5) years, and 63.5% were women. The median follow-up was 128.7 months (IQR: 110.6–136.7 months). There were 10 648 first K/CV events, including 1508 deaths from these causes and 4273 deaths from other causes. Adjusted for age, gender, smoking, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia, when comparing the third, fourth and last quintiles (less affluent) of the Deprivation Index with respect to the first quintile, the hazard of K/CV events increased by 14.8% (95% CI: 3.3 to 27.6%), 16.0% (95% CI: 6.4 to 26.4%) and 19.1% (95% CI: 8.9 to 30.2%), respectively. The MEDEA Index was not associated with differences in adjusted total mortality.

Conclusion

Living in a low socioeconomic status area is associated with an increase in kidney or cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients diagnosed after age 65 years, which will result in a significant increase in disease burden even if not related to an increase in total mortality.
Stiff-person syndrome
Authors: Bose Smriti , Jacob Saiju
Published: September 2024

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is an autoimmune disease associated mainly with antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or to glycine, characterised by intermittent painful spasms, stiffness and rigidity of the proximal and truncal muscles. Neuro-ophthalmological and gastrointestinal symptoms also occur. The symptoms are caused by neuronal excitability due to impaired inhibitory (gamma amino butyric acid [GABA] and glycine) neurotransmission. SPS is part of a larger spectrum of GAD antibody-spectrum disorders, which overlaps with autoimmune epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus, progressive encephalomyelitis, rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) and limbic encephalitis. PERM is often caused by antibodies against the glycine receptor. Some SPS cases are paraneoplastic. Diagnostic delay is often associated with irreversible disability, and therefore, clinicians need a high degree of clinical suspicion to make an earlier diagnosis. This review updates the various clinical presentations that should raise suspicion of SPS and its related conditions and includes a diagnostic algorithm and various treatment strategies including immunotherapy and GABA-ergic drugs.
An improved description of charm fragmentation data
Authors: Cacciari Matteo , Ghira Andrea , Marzani Simone , Ridolfi Giovanni
Published: September 2024

We consider the fragmentation of heavy quarks into heavy-flavoured hadrons, specifically the production of charmed mesons in $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

collisions, at different centre-of-mass energies. We focus our attention on the ratio of moments of the $$D^{*+}$$

D

∗
+

energy spectrum measured by ALEPH and CLEO. This ratio is believed to provide us with a direct test of perturbative QCD evolution because hadronisation effects should cancel between the numerator and denominator. However, state-of-the-art calculations based on standard (final-state) collinear factorisation fail to describe the experimental data. We show that this discrepancy is considerably reduced if heavy-quark threshold effects are accounted for not only in DGLAP evolution, as it is usually done, but also in the resummed coefficient functions.
Investigating the timelike Compton scattering in photon–proton interactions at the EIC
Authors: Xie Ya-Ping , Gonçalves V. P.
Published: September 2024

Information about the three-dimensional description of the quark and gluon content of hadrons, described by the generalized parton distributions (GPDs), can be probed by exclusive processes in electron–proton (ep) collisions. In this letter, we investigate the timelike Compton scattering (TCS) in ep collisions at the future electron-ion collider (EIC). Such process is characterized by the exclusive dilepton production through the subprocess $$\gamma p \rightarrow \gamma ^*p \rightarrow l^+ l^- p$$

γ
p
→

γ
∗

p
→

l
+

l
-

p

, with the real photon in the initial state being emitted by the incoming electron. Assuming a given model for the GPDs, the TCS differential cross-section is estimated, as well the contribution associated to the interference between the TCS and Bethe–Heitler (BH) amplitudes. Predictions for the TCS, BH and interference contributions are presented considering the kinematical range expected to be covered by the EIC detectors. Moreover, the polarized photon asymmetry is also studied. Our results indicated that a future experimental analysis, considering photon circular polarizations, can be useful to probe the interference contribution and constrain the description of the GPDs for the proton.
Catalysis and decontamination: a versatile tool in the safe and sustainable degradation of chemical warfare agents
Authors: Econdi Stefano , Caselli Alessandro , Marchesi Stefano , Carniato Fabio , Bisio Chiara , Guidotti Matteo
Published: September 2024

Decontamination is a critical and enabling capability to mitigate and, in the best cases, neutralize the threat of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) to human health and the environment. Well-established conventional decontamination methods will be described and compared to more recent approaches based on catalytic degradation, in the presence of nanostructured catalysts or enzymatic systems, photochemical and photocatalytic abatement and active adsorption on high-performance innovative porous solid materials.

Graphical abstract
Presentation Attack Detection: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Pooshideh Matineh , Beheshti Amin , Qi Yuankai , Farhood Helia , Simpson Mike , Gatland Nick , Soltany Mehdi
Published: September 2024

Identity authentication is the process of verifying one’s identity. Many identity authentication methods have been developed, from the conventional username-password systems to the recent electroencephalography-based authentication. Among them, biometric authentication shows particular importance due to its convenience and wide application in real-world scenarios. Face recognition is one of the most widely used biometric authentication methods, but simultaneously it receives various attacks. To overcome attacks, face presentation attack detection has been intensively studied in the last two decades regarding diverse domains of datasets, evaluation methods, and attack types. In this systematic literature review, we identify and categorise the state-of-the-art approaches in each domain to cover the challenges and solutions in a single place. We provide comparisons of representative methods on widely used datasets, discuss their pros and cons, and hope our insights can inspire future works.
Why Larp? A Synthesis Article on Live Action Roleplay in Relation to HCI Research and Practice
Authors: Johansson Karin , Robinson Raquel , Back Jon , Bowman Sarah Lynne , Fey James , Márquez Segura Elena , Waern Annika , Isbister Katherine
Published: September 2024

Live action roleplay (larp) has a wide range of applications and can be relevant in relation to HCI. While there has been research about larp in relation to topics such as embodied interaction, playfulness, and futuring published in HCI venues since the early 2000s, there is not yet a compilation of this knowledge. In this article, we synthesize knowledge about larp and larp-adjacent work within the domain of HCI. We present a practitioner overview from an expert group of larp researchers, the results of a literature review, and highlight particular larp research exemplars which all work together to showcase the diverse set of ways that larp can be utilized in relation to HCI topics and research. This article identifies the need for further discussions toward establishing best practices for utilizing larp in relation to HCI research, as well as advocating for increased engagement with larps outside academia.
Termination and Universal Termination Problems for Nondeterministic Quantum Programs
Authors: Xu Ming , Fu Jianling , Jiang Hui , Deng Yuxin , Li Zhi-Bin
Published: September 2024

Verifying quantum programs has attracted a lot of interest in recent years. In this article, we consider the following two categories of termination problems of quantum programs with nondeterminism, namely:

(1)

(termination) Is an input of a program terminating with probability one under all schedulers? If not, how can a scheduler be synthesized to evidence the nontermination?

(2)

(universal termination) Are all inputs terminating with probability one under their respective schedulers? If yes, a further question asks whether there is a scheduler that forces all inputs to be terminating with probability one together with how to synthesize it; otherwise, how can an input be provided to refute the universal termination?

For the effective verification of the first category, we over-approximate the reachable set of quantum program states by the reachable subspace, whose algebraic structure is a linear space. On the other hand, we study the set of divergent states from which the program terminates with probability zero under
some
scheduler. The divergent set also has an explicit algebraic structure. Exploiting these explicit algebraic structures, we address the decision problem by a necessary and sufficient condition, i.e., the disjointness of the reachable subspace and the divergent set. Furthermore, the scheduler synthesis is completed in exponential time, whose bottleneck lies in computing the divergent set reported for the first time.

For the second category, we reduce the decision problem to the existence of an invariant subspace, from which the program terminates with probability zero under
all
schedulers. The invariant subspace is characterized by linear equations and thus can be efficiently computed. The states on that invariant subspace are evidence of the nontermination. Furthermore, the scheduler synthesis is completed by seeking a pattern of finite schedulers that forces all inputs to be terminating with positive probability. The repetition of that pattern yields the desired universal scheduler that forces all inputs to be terminating with probability one. All the problems in the second category are shown, also for the first time, to be solved in polynomial time. Finally, we demonstrate the aforementioned methods via a running example—the quantum Bernoulli factory protocol.
Thermal Battery Multi-Defects Detection and Discharge Performance Analysis Based on Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Tan Dalong , Zhang Hong , Ma Zhaoguang , Zheng Xia , Liu Jing , Meng Fanyong , Yang Min
Published: September 2024

To address the typical structural defects that are prone to occur during the preparation and storage processes of thermal battery, experiments of battery image acquisition were designed based on X-ray computed tomography system. An improved Yolov5s network was employed to achieve high-precision automatic detection of typical defects. Through the discharge experiment of thermal battery, discharge performance curves of normal batteries and three defective batteries were constructed. The impact and mechanisms of different defects on the discharge performance were analyzed based on the voltage curve. By designing an automatic stitching scheme, the phenomenon of interlayer information overlap caused by the increase of cone angle in digital radiography images was suppressed. To address the issues of low image contrast and limited defect data in thermal battery imaging, the defect dataset was expanded using the designed image preprocessing steps and improving the contrast of the images. For subtle defects that are difficult to identify, the introduced multi-head self-attention mechanism in Transformer and the use of Focal Loss instead of cross-entropy loss function were employed to improve the recognition accuracy of subtle defects while ensuring the detection speed. The comparative experiment shows that the improved network model has higher recognition accuracy compared to Faster R-CNN, SSD, Cascade R-CNN, EfficientDet and the original Yolov5s network. The recognition accuracy of typical defects in thermal batteries can reach 98.7%.
Concentration and pH Influence on the Reducing Property of Silk Fibroin from Silk Fibrous Waste in the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Agudelo Wilson , Montoya Yuliet , Garcia-Garcia Alejandra , Bustamante John
Published: September 2024

The development of methods of green synthesis of metal nanoparticles from the use of biological agents, and microbial or plant extracts, allows the obtainment of biocompatible nanostructures by reducing or eliminating the use of toxic substances. On that basis, this research focused on evaluating the influence of silk fibroin from silk fibrous waste (SFw) on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), by varying the concentrations of the precursor and reducing agent, as well as the change in the pH value of the reaction. The nanostructures were characterized by UV‐visible spectrophotometry, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with an ATR module. The results showed that SFw behaves as a reducing matrix and micellar structure, which favored the formation and obtainment of silver nanoparticles with colloidal stability, particle diameters, and defined morphologies. These aspects were evidenced through the identification of the characteristic surface plasmon resonance of the silver ion, the determination of the particle diameter, the electrokinetic potential, and the identification of the functional groups because of the oxidation of the reducing agent.
Predictors of 2‐Year Trajectory of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Following Physical Injury
Authors: Kim Jae-Min , Kim Ju-Wan , Kang Hee-Ju , Kim Ye-Jin , Jang Hyunseok , Kim Jung-Chul , Kim Sung-Wan , Shin Il-Seon , Stewart Robert
Published: September 2024

Objectives. This study investigated post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) trajectories and their predictors over a 2‐year period, in individuals recovering from physical injuries. Materials and Methods. Between June 2015 and January 2021, 1,142 patients from a South Korean University Hospital Trauma Center underwent baseline evaluations, including PTSD‐related measures and sociodemographic characteristics. They were subsequently followed up for PTSD using the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. The analyzed sample consisted of 1,014 patients who were followed up at least once after the baseline and 3‐month evaluations. Latent class growth analysis and logistic regression models were used. Results. Five distinctive trajectories were identified: resilient, worsening/recovery, worsening, recovery, and chronic groups. The worsening/recovery trajectory was associated with previous traumatic events and traffic‐related injuries, while the worsening trajectory was linked to higher education and elevated depressive symptoms. The recovery trajectory was characterized by female sex, childhood abuse, traffic‐related injuries, dissociative subtype, and higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The chronic trajectory was predicted by the dissociative subtype and heightened anxiety symptoms. Conclusion. These findings highlighted the heterogeneity of PTSD symptom development and, thus, the importance of considering individual characteristics when assessing and addressing PTSD following physical injuries.
Fat Mass and Obesity‐Related (FTO) Gene Variant Is a Predictor of CVD in T2DM Patients
Authors: Hussain Mazhar , Waheed Akbar , Elahi Asim , Mustafa Ghulam
Published: September 2024

Background: The role of the common FTO gene variant rs9939609 in obesity has been well established, and the FTO gene has a strong association with T2DM.

Objective: To investigate the association of FTO gene variant rs9939609 with obesity‐related parameters in T2DM and CVD patients.

Materials and Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, 280 subjects of either sex aged 45.10 ± 9.6 years were randomly divided into four groups, that is, T2DM, T2DM with CVD, nondiabetic with CVD disease, and normal control. These samples were genotyped by ARMS‐PCR. The FTO gene association with obesity‐related parameters in T2DM and CVD patients was analyzed by SPSS 22.

Results: The TT genotype was the most common genotype (46.80%) in our study groups. The minor allele frequency (MAF) was significantly higher in T2DM patients (0.39 vs. 0.28), T2DM patients with CVD (0.43 vs. 0.28), and nondiabetic patients with CVD (0.35 vs. 0.28) as compared to control with p < 0.005. Carriers of the AA genotype of the FTO gene rs9939609 were significantly associated with increased BMI, WC, HbA1C, SBP, DBP, and TGs and lowered HDL cholesterol as compared to the TA and TT genotypes in T2DM and CVD patients with p < 0.005. The FTO gene variant rs9939609 showed a significant association with T2DM and CVD. The AA genotype odds ratio (OR) in T2DM was 1.48 (1.06–2.32), p = 0.006, and in CVD, it was 1.56 (1.04–2.4), p = 0.003.

Conclusion: The FTO gene variant rs9939609 has a strong association with T2DM and CVD. The AA genotype of FTO gene variants rs9939609 showed a strong association with most of the risk factors of CVD and T2DM.
Influence of Feldspar Dissolution on the Pore Structure and Characteristics of a Tight Sandstone Reservoir: A Case Study From the Northeast Margin of Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Zhu Yanhe , Zhao Zhigang , Li Xin , Liu Chang , Yu Shanshan , Lu Yuanyuan , Du Xuejia
Published: September 2024

The Ordos Basin is the main tight gas‐producing basin in China. Under the background of strong heterogeneous physical property, there is still high porosity and permeability “sweet spot” in tight reservoirs. Feldspar dissolution exerts a significant effect on porosity/permeability, while its genetic mechanism is unclear, which restricts the prediction of effective reservoir. In this paper, genesis of feldspar dissolution and its effect on reservoir heterogeneity were studies. Carboniferous‐Permian Formation, which is the main gas‐producing strata in northeast margin of Ordos Basin, is taken as the target. Based on the methods of thin section observation, physical property test, inclusion, isotope and productivity analysis, mechanism of feldspar dissolution, and its positive modification to tight sandstone reservoir are studied. The results show that the target sandstone is dominantly made up of litharenite and feldspathic litharenite. About 98.6% of the samples possess permeability less than 1 mD, while 89.7% of the samples possess porosity less than 10%. The high porosity/permeability space within tight reservoirs is dominated by dissolved pores, accounting for more than 80% of the total pore space. The dissolution minerals are mainly associated with feldspar, and the amount of feldspar dissolution is positively correlated with porosity and permeability. According to the fluid chemical information of quartz overgrowth and ankerite (related to feldspar dissolution), feldspar dissolved pores are caused by organic acid derived from the thermal maturity of organic matter. According to production data, no daily production can be achieved in single well, when the porosity and permeability are less than 7% and 0.1 mD, respectively. However, once it exceeds this porosity/permeability threshold value, the production capacity is exponentially improved. Furthermore, when surface porosity of feldspar dissolution exceeds 7%, most values of the porosity and permeability exceed the threshold values of the allowable productivity, indicating that extensive feldspar dissolution is favorable factor for effective reservoir space development in tight reservoirs.
Adequacy Assessment in Lymph Node Aspirates: An Exploratory Cytomorphologic Analysis of Negative Cervical Node Aspirates of Head and Neck Carcinomas
Authors: Li Joshua , Ng Joanna K.M. , Tsang Julia Y. , Tse Gary M.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymph node is sensitive for detection of metastatic carcinoma but not without a significant false-negative rate. This study reviews clinicocytological features of negative node aspirates to identify predictive factors for establishing adequacy criteria. Methods: Negative FNAC specimens matched with neck dissection from a primary diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell, or undifferentiated (nasopharyngeal) carcinoma were reviewed for clinical and cytological parameters including lymphoid, inflammatory, and background components. Results: Slides from 86 lymph node aspirates including 50 positive for metastasis on follow-up were retrieved. Higher total lymphocyte count, lymphoid fragment count, germinal center fragment count, undifferentiated histology, presence of histiocytes and absence of blood were associated with a true negative cytologic diagnosis (p < 0.05), but not node size or location (p > 0.05). Undifferentiated histology, small lymphoid and germinal center fragments were independent factors indicative of a true negative diagnosis (p < 0.05). Large lymphoid fragments (p = 0.052) demonstrated a trend. Assessment of lymphoid components over five hotspots high-power fields (HPFs) was more robust in predictive value than only one hotspot. Receiver operating characteristic curve identified >10 small lymphoid, >20 large lymphoid and >2 germinal center fragment per five HPFs as optimal adequacy thresholds. Stricter total lymphocyte count cutoff accompanies increase of diagnostic accuracy, up to 0.67 for ≥5 HPFs with >500 lymphocytes. Conclusion: Total counts of lymphoid and germinal center fragments from multiple HPFs are useful in adequacy assessment of lymph node aspirates and improve diagnostic performance of FNAC in exclusion of metastatic carcinoma.
Association of Serum Calcium with Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Huan , Xu Ruicai , Liu Yizhi , Dong Yanli , He Dongyue , Liu Xiaohui , Sun Qinjian , Liu Xuena
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Current studies on the association between serum calcium levels and carotid atherosclerosis have yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to elucidate this relationship through a comprehensive meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Weipu (VIP), and Wanfang databases was conducted, supplemented by manual retrieval, from their inception to October 2023. Two independent researchers conducted literature searches, data extraction, and quality assessment. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software on studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results: The analysis included 9 cross-sectional studies, encompassing a total sample size of 9,720 participants. The meta-analysis revealed a significant statistical difference in serum calcium levels between the carotid atherosclerosis group and the control group (p = 0.03). The standardized mean difference between the two groups was 0.21 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.41) using the control group as a reference. Conclusions: Our systematic analysis indicates a significant positive correlation between serum calcium levels and carotid atherosclerosis.
Sabotagem: o futebol de Torquato Neto em Vida, Paixão e Banana Do Tropicalismo
Authors: Herbert Neto Helcio
Published: September 2024

Torquato Neto is known as poet and lyricist, despite his activity on sports coverage, specifically in Jornal dos Sports. However, the author’s approach to football is rarely mentioned. This study aims to explore the connection between football and the script of Vida, Paixão e Banana do Tropicalismo, a project for a program on TV Globo that was never aired. This study examined the audiovisual strategies engendered by the screenwriter and director for the broadcasting piece, showing another landscape for research about the writer.
A Dramaturgia de Flusser
Authors: Ferrara Lucrécia D'Alessio
Published: September 2024

This study examines The History of the Devil and analyzes how the text unfolds as a dramatic scene, depicting a peculiar connection with reality, seemingly orchestrated by sin under the guidance of the devil. This study is structured into three sections titled “Ways of Thinking,“ “Ways of Saying,“ and “Ways of Understanding.” It aims to analyze how Flusser employs analogies and allegories to establish a connection between fiction and the contemporary world in its exercises of power and trivialization of all states of exception.
Memória do futuro como fenômeno de imprevisibilidade em Iúri Lotman
Authors: Nunes Mônica Rebecca Ferrari
Published: September 2024

This study stems from a partial result of a CNPq-supported research on the concepts and rationales running the memory of the future in culture. Based on Lotman’s concepts, it aims to understand the memory of the future as a phenomenon of unpredictability. Its theoretical and methodological approaches included bibliographic research on Lotman’s writings and, at times, on other authors in social and human sciences, document searches, and empirical analysis of semiotic translations of the photography by Régis Bossu, The Kiss. It aims show that, as an unpredictable phenomenon, memory is formed from the come-and-go of symbols, of reminiscences and cultural texts that can create future recollections.
Serial Changes in Ventricular Strain in Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Treated With Mavacamten: Insights From the VALOR-HCM Trial
Authors: Desai Milind Y. , Okushi Yuichiro , Gaballa Andrew , Wang Qiuqing , Geske Jeffrey B. , Owens Anjali T. , Saberi Sara , Wang Andrew , Cremer Paul C. , Sherrid Mark , Lakdawala Neal K. , Tower-Rader Albree , Fermin David , Naidu Srihari S. , Lampl Kathy L. , Sehnert Amy J. , Nissen Steven E. , Popovic Zoran B. , Desai M. , Masri A. , Zenker M. , Stendahl J. , Wheeler M. , Bach R. , Orford J. , Rader F. , Bajona P. , Desai M.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

In severely symptomatic patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, VALOR-HCM (A Study to Evaluate Mavacamten in Adults With Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Who Are Eligible for Septal Reduction Therapy) demonstrated that mavacamten reduces the need for septal reduction therapy with sustained improvement in left ventricular (LV) outflow tract gradients and symptoms. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), a measure of regional myocardial function, is a more sensitive marker of systolic function. In VALOR-HCM, we assessed serial changes in LV and right ventricular (RV) strain.

METHODS:

VALOR-HCM included 112 patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (mean, 60 years; 51% male; LV ejection fraction, 68%). Patients assigned to mavacamten at baseline continued the drug for 56 weeks (n=56) and those assigned to placebo (n=52) transitioned to mavacamten from weeks 16 to 56 (40-week exposure). LV-GLS and RV-GLS assessment was performed using a vendor-neutral software. Non-foreshortened apical (4-, 3-, and 2-chamber) views were used to obtain peak LV-GLS. RV focused 4-chamber view was used to calculate RV 4-chamber and free wall strain. A more negative strain value is favorable.

RESULTS:

At baseline, the mean LV-GLS, RV 4-chamber, and free wall strain values were −14.7%, −22.2%, and −16.8%, respectively (all worse than reported normal means). In the total study sample, LV-GLS significantly improved from baseline to week 56 (
P
=0.02). Twelve patients had transient reduction in LV ejection fraction (<50%) requiring temporary drug interruption (including 3 permanent discontinuations). The LV-GLS in this subgroup was worse at baseline versus total study population (−11.4%), with no significant worsening from baseline through week 56 (
P
=0.64). Both free wall and 4-chamber RV-GLS remained unchanged from baseline to week 56 (
P
=0.62 and
P
=0.56, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

In VALOR-HCM, treatment with mavacamten improved LV-GLS from baseline through week 56 (with no significant worsening of LV-GLS in patients with a reduction in LV ejection fraction ≤50%), suggesting a favorable long-term impact on regional LV systolic function. Additionally, there was no detrimental impact on RV systolic function.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04349072.
Multi-Regression Modeling of Harvest Income in Smallholder Long Coriander Production: Insights from Battambang, Cambodia
Authors: Darith Siek , Eav Lim
Published: September 2024

The target of this study is to promote Long Coriander production; the most widely recognized leafy vegetable in Southeast Asia and Cambodia. As a substitute for regular coriander, it is valued for its taste and health benefits. The market price for Long Coriander seeds typically goes up and down depending on the season, similar to other fluctuations observed in other agricultural products. In an effort to fulfill the study's expectations, researchers intend to identify the key factors affecting the profitability of Long Coriander production for smallholders in Battambang, Cambodia. Using multi-regression models, the analysis will determine the statistical significance of specific cost categories and their influence on incomes from both single and annual harvests of Long Coriander. Two regression analyses will be applied: ordinary least squares (OLS) and stepwise regression. Understanding the factors influencing Long Coriander harvest income is crucial for developing targeted strategies to improve the livelihoods of rural producers. With the knowledge gained from this study, smallholders will be able to make strategies that will maximize profitability and maintain the long-term sustainability of Long Coriander production within the context of agriculture. Additionally, the study also defines variables that can be controlled by producers, besides the variables that have a significant effect by chance.