bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The intracellular milieu of Parkinson’s disease patient brain cells modulates alpha-synuclein protein aggregation
Authors: Gustavsson Nadja , Savchenko Ekaterina , Klementieva Oxana , Roybon Laurent
Published: September 2021

Recent studies suggest that brain cell type specific intracellular environments may play important roles in the generation of structurally different protein aggregates that define neurodegenerative diseases. Using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and biochemical and vibrational spectroscopy techniques, we studied whether Parkinson’s disease (PD) patient genomes could modulate alpha-synuclein (aSYN) protein aggregates formation. We found increased β-sheets and aggregated aSYN in PD patient hiPSC-derived midbrain cells, compared to controls. Importantly, we discovered that aSYN protein aggregation is modulated by patient brain cells’ intracellular milieus at the primary nucleation phase. Additionally, we found changes in the formation of aSYN fibrils when employing cellular extracts from familial PD compared to idiopathic PD, in a Thioflavin T-based fluorescence assay. The data suggest that changes in cellular milieu induced by patient genomes trigger structural changes of aSYN potentially leading to the formation of strains having different structures, properties and seeding propensities.
MFG-E8 (LACTADHERIN): a novel marker associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Marazuela Paula , Solé Montse , Bonaterra-Pastra Anna , Pizarro Jesús , Camacho Jessica , Martínez-Sáez Elena , Kuiperij H. Bea , Verbeek Marcel M. , de Kort Anna M. , Schreuder Floris H. B. M. , Klijn Catharina J. M. , Castillo-Ribelles Laura , Pancorbo Olalla , Rodríguez-Luna David , Pujadas Francesc , Delgado Pilar , Hernández-Guillamon Mar
Published: September 2021

Brain accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a crucial feature in Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), although the pathophysiological relationship between these diseases remains unclear. Numerous proteins are associated with Aβ deposited in parenchymal plaques and/or cerebral vessels. We hypothesized that the study of these proteins would increase our understanding of the overlap and biological differences between these two pathologies and may yield new diagnostic tools and specific therapeutic targets. We used a laser capture microdissection approach combined with mass spectrometry in the APP23 transgenic mouse model of cerebral-β-amyloidosis to specifically identify vascular Aβ-associated proteins. We focused on one of the main proteins detected in the Aβ-affected cerebrovasculature: MFG-E8 (milk fat globule-EGF factor 8), also known as lactadherin. We first validated the presence of MFG-E8 in mouse and human brains. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting studies revealed that MFG-E8 brain levels were higher in APP23 mice than in WT mice. Furthermore, MFG-E8 was strongly detected in Aβ-positive vessels in human postmortem CAA brains, whereas MFG-E8 was not present in parenchymal Aβ deposits. Levels of MFG-E8 were additionally analysed in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients diagnosed with CAA, patients with AD and control subjects. Whereas no differences were found in MFG-E8 serum levels between groups, MFG-E8 concentration was significantly lower in the CSF of CAA patients compared to controls and AD patients. Finally, in human vascular smooth muscle cells MFG-E8 was protective against the toxic effects of the treatment with the Aβ40 peptide containing the Dutch mutation. In summary, our study shows that MFG-E8 is highly associated with CAA pathology and highlights MFG-E8 as a new CSF biomarker that could potentially be used to differentiate cerebrovascular Aβ pathology from parenchymal Aβ deposition.
Modelling medieval masonry construction: taxa-specific and habitat-contingent Bayesian techniques for the interpretation of radiocarbon data from Mortar-Entrapped Relict Limekiln Fuels
Authors: Thacker Mark
Published: September 2021

Using data from simulated and actual case studies, this paper assesses the accuracy and precision of Bayesian estimates for the constructional date of medieval masonry buildings, generated from the radiocarbon evidence returned by different assemblages of wood-charcoal mortar-entrapped relict limekiln fuel (MERLF). The results from two theoretical studies demonstrate how Bayesian model specifications can be varied to generate a chronologically continuous spectrum of distributions from radiocarbon datasets subject Inbuilt Age (IA). Further analysis suggests that the potential for these distributions to contain the date of the constructional event depends largely upon the accuracy of the latest radiocarbon determination within each dataset, while precision is predicated on dataset age range, dataset size and model specification. These theoretical studies inform revised approaches to the radiocarbon evidence emerging from six culturally important Scottish medieval masonry buildings, each of which is associated with a wood-charcoal MERLF assemblage of different botanical character. The Bayesian estimates generated from these radiocarbon datasets are remarkably consistent with the historical and archaeological evidence currently associated with these sites, while age range distributions suggest the IA of each MERLF assemblage has been constrained by the taxa-specific and environmentally contingent lifespans and post-mortem durabilities of the limekiln fuel source. These studies provide further evidence that Bayesian techniques can generate consistently accurate chronological estimates for the construction of medieval masonry buildings from MERLF radiocarbon data, whatever the ecological provenance of the limekiln fuel source. Estimate precision is contingent upon source ecology and craft technique but can be increased by a more informed approach to materials analysis and interpretation.
Investigating the spatial correlations in univariate random fields of peak ground velocity and peak ground displacement considering anisotropy
Authors: Abbasnejadfard Morteza , Bastami Morteza , Fallah Afshin
Published: September 2021

The results of seismic risk assessment of spatially distributed infrastructure systems are significantly influenced by spatial correlation of earthquake intensity measures (IM). The assumption of isotropy is a basis for most of the existing correlation models of earthquake IMs. In this study, the isotropy assumption of intra-event residuals of peak ground velocity (PGV) and peak ground displacement (PGD) is investigated by implementing a nonparametric statistical test. Using recorded IMs of 9 earthquakes, it is concluded that there is not sufficient evidence to support the assumption of isotropy in general, and the set of intra-event residuals ofPGVandPGDshould be considered as the realization of anisotropic random fields. Investigations show that the anisotropy properties of intra-event residuals ofPGVandPGDare related to anisotropy properties of local soil characteristics indicated by average shear wave velocity of soil profile from the 30 m depth to the surface (Vs30). Finally, predictive models are proposed based on obtained results in order to simulate the correlated univariate random fields ofPGVandPGDconsidering anisotropy.
Laparoscopic surgery for strangulated diaphragmatic hernia after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Kimura Yasuaki , Ishioka Daisuke , Kamiyama Hidenori , Tsujinaka Shingo , Rikiyama Toshiki
Published: September 2021

Background

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but delayed thermal damage can cause diaphragmatic hernia (DH). Surgery is recommended for DH, and open surgery is widely accepted. This report presents a case of laparoscopic surgery for strangulated DH that occurred after RFA.

Case presentation

An 80-year-old woman with a history of hepatitis C-induced liver cirrhosis and HCC was admitted to our institution owing to sudden-onset intense epigastric pain. Twenty-two months earlier, she received RFA treatment for HCC located in segment 6/7. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed herniation of the small intestine into the thoracic cavity, with mesenteric fat haziness. Emergency laparoscopic surgery was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with strangulated DH associated with the prior RFA. The defect was closed using absorbable sutures, and the ischaemic small intestine was resected via mini-laparotomy. The patient was discharged on the 10th postoperative day without complications, and no evidence of DH recurrence 15 months after surgery was noted.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic surgery seems useful and feasible for strangulated DH.
Mutagenicity of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in Salmonella typhimurium YG strains and transgenic rodents including gpt delta
Authors: Nohmi Takehiko , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: September 2021

Chemical carcinogens to humans have been usually identified by epidemiological studies on the relationships between occupational or environmental exposure to the agents and specific cancer induction. In contrast, carcinogenic heterocyclic amines were identified under the principle that mutagens in bacterial in the Ames test are possible human carcinogens. In the 1970s to 1990s, more than 10 heterocyclic amines were isolated from pyrolysates of amino acids, proteins, meat or fish as mutagens in the Ames test, and they were demonstrated as carcinogens in rodents. In the 1980s and 1990s, we have developed derivatives of the Ames tester strains that overexpressed acetyltransferase of Salmonella typhimurium. These strains such as Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 exhibited a high sensitivity to the mutagenicity of the carcinogenic heterocyclic amines. Because of the high sensitivity, YG1024 and other YG strains were used for various purposes, e.g., identification of novel heterocyclic amines, mechanisms of metabolic activation, comparison of mutagenic potencies of various heterocyclic amines, and the co-mutagenic effects. In the 1990s and 2000s, we developed transgenic mice and rats for the detection of mutagenicity of chemicals in vivo. The transgenics were generated by the introduction of reporter genes for mutations into fertilized eggs of mice and rats. We named the transgenics as gpt delta because the gpt gene of Escherichia coli was used for detection of point mutations such as base substitutions and frameshifts and the red/gam genes of λ phage were employed to detect deletion mutations. The transgenic rodents gpt delta and other transgenics with lacI or lacZ as reporter genes have been utilized for characterization of mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines in vivo. In this review, we summarized the in vitro mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines in Salmonella typhimurium YG strains and the in vivo mutagenicity in transgenic rodents. We discussed the relationships between in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity of the heterocyclic amines and their relations to the carcinogenicity.
Recommendations for the urgent need to vaccinate school-aged and adolescent children against COVID-19 in the Asia–Pacific region
Authors: Kobayashi Jun , Takeuchi Rie , Shibuya Fumiko , Murata Yuki , Takahashi Kenzo
Published: September 2021

We recommend urgent expansion of a vaccination program for adolescents and school-age children against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Western Pacific region. Since July 2021, SARS-CoV-2 infections in children have increased rapidly in this region. As infection rates rise due to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, current preventive strategies such as mask wearing and social distancing have controlled its spread effectively. Prolonged school closure is currently being promoted to suppress virus spread among children. However, the negative impact of prolonged school closure is significant. Although vaccination of children under 12 is still controversial, preparations must be made now for their vaccination.
Evaluation and comparison of population genetics software in Rabari Tribe of Gujarat population
Authors: Mishra Aditi , Kumari Archana , Choudhary Sumit , Gondhali Ulhas
Published: September 2021

Background

Today, when forensic experts talk about quantifiable hereditary traits, they do not just depend on the assessment and examination of DNA profiles but also relate them to the population structures. The use of high-throughput molecular marker technologies and advanced statistical and software tools have improved the accuracy of human genetic diversity analysis in many populations with limited time and resources. The present study aimed to investigate the genomic diversity in Gujarat’s Rabari population, using 20 autosomal genetic markers.

Numerous bio-statistical software programs are available for the interpretation of population data in forensics. These statistics deal with the measurement of uncertainty and also provides a probability of a random match. The present paper aims to provide a practical guide to the analysis of population genetics data. Three statistical software packages named Cervus, Genepop, and Fstat are compared and contrasted. The comparison is performed on the profiles obtained from fifty unrelated blood samples of healthy male individuals. DNA was extracted using the organic extraction method, 20 autosomal STR loci were amplified using PowerPlex 21 kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and detected on 3100 Genetic Analyser (Life Technologies Corporation, Carlsbad, CA, USA).

Results

A total of 170 alleles were observed in the Rabari Tribe of Gujarat population, and allele frequencies ranged from 0.010 to 0.480. The highest allele frequency detected was 0.480 for allele 9 at locus TH01. Based on heterozygosity and the polymorphism information content, FGA may be considered as the most informative markers. Both the combined power of discrimination (CPD) and the combined power of exclusion (CPE) for the 20 analyzed loci were higher than 0.999999. The combined match probability (CPM) for all 20 loci was 2.5 × 10−22.

Conclusions

With respect to the results, the 20 STR loci are highly polymorphic and discriminating in the Gujarat population and could be used for forensic practice and population genetics studies. However, Fstat demonstrated better genetic software for analysis of the demographic structure of a specific or set of populations.
Long-term economic and social outcomes of youth suicide attempts
Authors: Orri Massimiliano , Vergunst Francis , Turecki Gustavo , Galera Cédric , Latimer Eric , Bouchard Samantha , Domond Pascale , Vitaro Frank , Algan Yann , Tremblay Richard E. , Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Côté Sylvana M.
Published: September 2021

Background

Youth who attempt suicide are more at risk for later mental disorders and suicide. However, little is known about their long-term socioeconomic outcomes.

Aims

We investigated associations between youth suicide attempts and adult economic and social outcomes.

Method

Participants were drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children (n = 2140) and followed up from ages 6 to 37 years. Lifetime suicide attempt was assessed at 15 and 22 years. Economic (employment earnings, retirement savings, welfare support, bankruptcy) and social (romantic partnership, separation/divorce, number of children) outcomes were assessed through data linkage with government tax return records obtained from age 22 to 37 years (2002–2017). Generalised linear models were used to test the association between youth suicide attempt and outcomes adjusting for background characteristics, parental mental disorders and suicide, and youth concurrent mental disorders.

Results

By age 22, 210 youths (9.8%) had attempted suicide. In fully adjusted models, youth who attempted suicide had lower annual earnings (average last 5 years, US$ −4134, 95% CI −7950 to −317), retirement savings (average last 5 years, US$ −1387, 95% CI −2982 to 209), greater risk of receiving welfare support (risk ratio (RR) = 2.05, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.04) and were less likely to be married/cohabiting (RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.93), compared with those who did not attempt suicide. Over a 40-year working career, the loss of individual earnings attributable to suicide attempts was estimated at US$98 384.

Conclusions

Youth who attempt suicide are at risk of poor adult socioeconomic outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of psychosocial interventions for young people who have attempted suicide to prevent long-term social and economic disadvantage.
Pregnancy Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Associations With Prolactin Concentrations and Breastfeeding in the Odense Child Cohort
Authors: Timmermann Clara Amalie Gade , Andersen Marianne Skovsager , Budtz-Jørgensen Esben , Boye Henriette , Nielsen Flemming , Jensen Richard Christian , Bruun Signe , Husby Steffen , Grandjean Philippe , Jensen Tina Kold
Published: September 2021

Context

Human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with reduced duration of breastfeeding, although not consistently so, and mechanisms by which PFAS might affect breastfeeding are unknown.

Objective

To examine the association between early pregnancy serum-PFAS concentrations and breastfeeding termination and to elucidate the potential role of serum-prolactin concentrations in pregnancy.

Materials and Methods

Pregnant women from the Odense Child Cohort provided blood samples for analysis of 5 major PFAS (n = 1300) and prolactin concentrations (n = 924). They subsequently provided information about the duration of breastfeeding in questionnaires at 3 and 18 months postpartum, and a subgroup also provided breastfeeding information via weekly cell phone text messages. Associations between serum-PFAS concentrations and breastfeeding termination were analyzed using Cox regressions, while linear regression was used to assess associations between serum-PFAS and prolactin concentrations.

Results

Increased serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, and ∑PFAS were associated with a 16% (95% CI: 4%-30%), 14% (95% CI: 2%-26%), 14% (95% CI: 3%-27%), and 20% (95% CI: 6%-36%), respectively, increased risk of terminating breastfeeding at any given time after childbirth. Serum-PFAS concentrations were not associated with serum-prolactin concentrations.

Conclusions

These findings are of public health importance due to the global exposures to PFAS. Because breastfeeding is crucial to promote both child health and maternal health, adverse PFAS effects on the ability to breastfeed may have long-term health consequences.
Hypophysitis, the Growing Spectrum of a Rare Pituitary Disease
Authors: Langlois Fabienne , Varlamov Elena V , Fleseriu Maria
Published: September 2021

Hypophysitis is defined as inflammation of the pituitary gland that is primary or secondary to a local or systemic process. Differential diagnosis is broad (including primary tumors, metastases, and lympho-proliferative diseases) and multifaceted. Patients with hypophysitis typically present with headaches, some degree of anterior and/or posterior pituitary dysfunction, and enlargement of pituitary gland and/or stalk, as determined by imaging. Most hypophysitis causes are autoimmune, but other etiologies include inflammation secondary to sellar tumors or cysts, systemic diseases, and infection or drug-induced causes. Novel pathologies such as immunoglobulin G4-related hypophysitis, immunotherapy-induced hypophysitis, and paraneoplastic pituitary-directed autoimmunity are also included in a growing spectrum of this rare pituitary disease. Typical magnetic resonance imaging reveals stalk thickening and homogenous enlargement of the pituitary gland; however, imaging is not always specific. Diagnosis can be challenging, and ultimately, only a pituitary biopsy can confirm hypophysitis type and rule out other etiologies. A presumptive diagnosis can be made often without biopsy. Detailed history and clinical examination are essential, notably for signs of underlying etiology with systemic manifestations. Hormone replacement and, in selected cases, careful observation is advised with imaging follow-up. High-dose glucocorticoids are initiated mainly to help reduce mass effect. A response may be observed in all auto-immune etiologies, as well as in lymphoproliferative diseases, and, as such, should not be used for differential diagnosis. Surgery may be necessary in some cases to relieve mass effect and allow a definite diagnosis. Immunosuppressive therapy and radiation are sometimes also necessary in resistant cases.
Changes in Serum Cytokines Throughout Pregnancy in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Stokkeland Live Marie T , Giskeødegård Guro F , Ryssdal Mariell , Jarmund Anders Hagen , Steinkjer Bjørg , Madssen Torfinn Støve , Stafne Signe N , Stridsklev Solhild , Løvvik Tone S , Iversen Ann-Charlotte , Vanky Eszter
Published: September 2021

Context

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with low-grade inflammation and increased incidence of pregnancy complications, but its influence on the maternal immune system in pregnancy is unknown. Longitudinal serum cytokine profiling is a sensitive measure of the complex immunological dynamics of pregnancy.

Objective

This work aimed to determine the immunological dynamics of serum cytokines throughout pregnancy in women with PCOS and compare it to pregnancy in women without PCOS.

Methods

A post hoc analysis was conducted of longitudinal serum samples from 2 randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter studies of pregnant women with PCOS and 2 studies of pregnant women without PCOS. Pregnant women with PCOS (n = 358) and without PCOS (n = 258, controls) provided 1752 serum samples from 4 time points in pregnancy (weeks 10, 19, 32, and 36). Main outcome measures included maternal serum levels of 22 cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) at 4 time points in pregnancy.

Results

Women with PCOS showed marked immunological changes in serum cytokines throughout pregnancy. Compared to controls, women with PCOS showed higher levels of 17 cytokines and CRP at week 10 of pregnancy and a distinct cytokine development throughout pregnancy. The immunological dynamics in women with PCOS was significantly affected by maternal body mass index, smoking, and fetal sex.

Conclusion

Pregnancy in women with PCOS was associated with a strong early mobilization of inflammatory and other serum cytokines persisting throughout pregnancy, indicating a more activated immune status. These findings provide a novel basis for further study of PCOS and pregnancy complications.
Reproductive Deficits Induced by Prenatal Antimüllerian Hormone Exposure Require Androgen Receptor in Kisspeptin Cells
Authors: Ho Emily V , Shi Chengxian , Cassin Jessica , He Michelle Y , Nguyen Ryan D , Ryan Genevieve E , Tonsfeldt Karen J , Mellon Pamela L
Published: September 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive disorder characterized by elevated androgens and antimüllerian hormone (AMH). These hormones remain elevated throughout pregnancy, and potential effects of hormone exposure on offspring from women with PCOS remain largely unexplored. Expanding on recent reports of prenatal AMH exposure in mice, we have fully characterized the reproductive consequences of prenatal AMH (pAMH) exposure throughout the lifespan of first- and second-generation offspring of both sexes. We also sought to elucidate mechanisms underlying pAMH-induced reproductive effects. There is a known reciprocal relationship between AMH and androgens, and in PCOS and PCOS-like animal models, androgen feedback is dysregulated at the level of the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin neurons express androgen receptors and play a critical role in sexual development and function. We therefore hypothesized that pAMH-induced reproductive phenotypes would be mediated by androgen signaling at the level of kisspeptin cells. We tested the pAMH model in kisspeptin-specific androgen receptor knockout (KARKO) mice and found that virtually all pAMH-induced phenotypes assayed are eliminated in KARKO offspring compared to littermate controls. By demonstrating the necessity of androgen receptor in kisspeptin cells to induce pAMH phenotypes, we have advanced understanding of the interactions between AMH and androgens in the context of prenatal exposure, which could have significant implications for children of women with PCOS.
Not All Subarachnoid Hemorrhages in Pregnancy Are Intracranial in Origin: A Case Report
Authors: Kodali Bhavani Shankar , Wong Michael J. , Galey Jessica L. , Bharadwaj Shobana
Published: September 2021

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is uncommon in pregnancy and may be caused by intracranial aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, venous thrombosis, or preeclampsia. We present an unusual case of subarachnoid hemorrhage in a term parturient where the bleeding originated from an extracranial source, namely a cervicothoracic arteriovenous malformation. This case highlights the challenge of diagnosing this condition when the initial presentation may be nonspecific, lacking in neurologic deficits, and confounded by the simultaneous presence of preeclampsia.
Growing Income-Based Inequalities in Old-Age Life Expectancy in Sweden, 2006–2015
Authors: Fors Stefan , Wastesson Jonas W. , Morin Lucas
Published: September 2021

Sweden is known for high life expectancy and economic egalitarianism, yet in recent decades it has lost ground in both respects. This study tracked income inequality in old-age life expectancy and life span variation in Sweden between 2006 and 2015, and examined whether patterns varied across levels of neighborhood deprivation. Income inequality in remaining life expectancy at ages 65, 75, and 85 increased. The gap in life expectancy at age 65 grew by more than a year between the lowest and the highest income quartiles, for both men (from 3.4 years in 2006 to 4.5 years in 2015) and women (from 2.3 to 3.4 years). This widening income gap in old-age life expectancy was driven by different rates of mortality improvement: individuals with higher incomes increased their life expectancy at a faster rate than did those with lower incomes. Women with the lowest incomes experienced no improvement in old-age life expectancy. Furthermore, life span variation increased in the lowest income quartile, while it decreased slightly among those in the highest quartile. Income was found to be a stronger determinant of old-age life expectancy than neighborhood deprivation.
Orally administered branaplam does not impact neurogenesis in juvenile mice, rats, and dogs
Authors: Theil Diethilde , Valdez Reginald , Darribat Katy , Doelemeyer Arno , Sivasankaran Rajeev , Hartmann Andreas
Published: September 2021

Branaplam is a therapeutic agent currently in clinical development for the treatment of infants with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Since preclinical studies showed that branaplam had cell-cycle arrest effects, we sought to determine whether branaplam may affect postnatal cerebellar development and brain neurogenesis. Here, we describe a novel approach for developmental neurotoxicity testing (DNT) of a central nervous system (CNS) active drug. The effects of orally administered branaplam were evaluated in the SMA neonatal mouse model (SMNΔ7), and in juvenile Wistar Hannover rats and Beagle dogs. Histopathological examination and complementary immunohistochemical studies focused on areas of neurogenesis in the cerebellum (mice, rats, and dogs), and the subventricular zone of the striatum and dentate gyrus (rats and dogs) using antibodies directed against Ki67, phosphorylated histone H3, cleaved caspase-3, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Additionally, image-analysis based quantification of calbindin-D28k and Ki67 was performed in rats and dogs. The patterns of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and neural migration and innervation in the cerebellum and other brain regions of active adult neurogenesis did not differ between branaplam- and control-treated animals. Quantitative image analysis did not reveal any changes in calbindin-D28k and Ki67 expression in rats and dogs. The data show that orally administered branaplam has no impact on neurogenesis in juvenile animals. Application of selected immunohistochemical stainings in combination with quantitative image analysis on a few critical areas of postnatal CNS development offer a reliable approach to assess DNT of CNS-active drug candidates in juvenile animal toxicity studies.
Metal-Organic Frameworks: From Ambient Green Synthesis to Applications
Authors: Dai Shan , Tissot Antoine , Serre Christian
Published: September 2021

Studies of the room temperature synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are still scarce and mainly focused on divalent metals based MOFs. The development of room temperature synthesis of more chemically robust MOFs is still challenging and therefore lacks exploration. Here, we review the development of ambient conditions synthesis of MOFs, from the properties of the sole MOF to their related composites. Low temperature green synthesis can not only meet the standards of sustainable chemistry, but also help to achieve a series of property enhancements, including their applications in catalysis, biomedicine, and sensing. Finally, perspectives associated to the synthesis strategies and applications of room temperature methods are discussed.
Charge Manipulation in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Toward Designer Functional Molecular Materials
Authors: Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: September 2021

Multi-dimensional coordination frameworks whose charge states are controllable by the sophisticated chemical modification of the components or by the application of stimuli are fascinating targets for the design of electronic/magnetic functional materials. A simple way to design such frameworks is to assemble electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A) units in a DmAn ratio with electronically conjugated linkages; we call this type of framework a D/A metal–organic framework (D/A-MOF). In this account article, our previous studies on D/A-MOFs composed of carboxylate-bridged paddlewheel-type diruthenium units ([Ru2]) and polycyano organic molecules such as N,N′-dicyanoquinodiimine (DCNQI) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ) as the D and A subunits, respectively, are summarized. In this family of D/A-MOFs, the charge distribution between the internal D and A subunits can be precisely tuned by varying their electronic structure, i.e., depending on what kind of D and A we choose. Crucially, the diverse charge states, as well as anisotropic framework and often porous nature, of D/A-MOFs are well correlated with their bulk electronic and magnetic properties.
Helical Polymers with Dynamic and Static Macromolecular Helicity Memory: The Power of Helicity Memory for Helical Polymer Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Yashima Eiji , Maeda Katsuhiro
Published: September 2021

In this Account, we describe the recent progress in the synthesis and unique features and functions of helical polymers with a controlled handedness based on the noncovalent helicity induction and subsequent memory of the helicity strategy that we have developed during the past two decades. Remarkable progress has been achieved in the emerging research area of helical polymers over the past decades, producing a number of helical polymers with various structures and functions. Nevertheless, the helical polymers with dynamic and static helicity memory have been proved to be exceptional and like no other among a huge number of helical polymers prepared so far because of their unique and exclusively outstanding features, such that an excess handed helicity, once induced by noncovalent weak chiral interactions, is immediately memorized accompanied by a significant amplification of the helical chirality, leading to a long-lasting helicity memory. This finding has a significant impact on the development of novel advanced chiral materials, such as switchable chiral stationary phases for separating enantiomers and asymmetric catalysts, which will also be described in this Account.
Dos poderes executivos do juiz na judicialização da saúde pública: reflexões sobre a (in)adequação das técnicas de execução indireta para tutelar as situações de extrema urgência
Authors: Cabral dos Reis Sérgio
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral estudar as medidas executivas nas demandas envolvendo prestações urgentes de bens e serviços de saúde pública. Como regra, nestes processos, há determinação de cumprimento de ordens de fazer, com reflexos financeiros, e esses mandados não são cumpridos imediatamente, com flagrante prejuízo à saúde do jurisdicionado.Esse aspecto demonstra que nem sempre as medidas de execução indireta típicas e atípicas são suficientes para atingir a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Nesse sentido, pretende-se demonstrar que, em situações de extrema urgência, o juiz deve adotar medidas de execução direta (subrogatórias), a fim de prestar a adequada tutela jurisdicional à saúde e até mesmo à vida do jurisdicionado.
Perspectivas de reembolso dos custos com políticas públicas nas empresas estatais
Authors: Abreu da Silveira Gabriel , Dal Pozzo Emerson Luís
Published: September 2021

Partindo das justificativas constitucionais para a intervenção direta do Estado no domínio econômico, compreende-se que a atuação empresarial por meio de estatais depende do atendimento ao interesse público. Para a Lei das Estatais, o interesse público das empresas se manifesta pelo alinhamento entre seus objetivos e os objetivos de políticas públicas explicitados na carta anual, vinculando a existência das estatais à realização de atividades sem perspectiva de retorno. Entretanto, as sociedades de economia mista contemplam uma comunhão de recursos particulares e públicos capaz de gerar conflitos de interesses no que diz respeito à persecução do lucro. Uma vez que o controlador não financia e nem reembolsa os custos relativos às políticas públicas, a vinculação dessas políticas com a satisfação do interesse público gera problemas de governança. Defende-se que o poder público financie os custos relacionados com os objetivos de políticas públicas das companhias para preservar o interesse do acionista minoritário ao investir em sociedades de economia mista e para limitar o controlador na adoção de medidas mal calculadas em prol do interesse público, medida que também contribuiria para o incentivo à subsidiariedade da intervenção estatal na economia.
memória e um espaço restaurado em dois tempos: o teatro municipal sanjoanense nos seus primeiros anos e nos usos atuais.
Authors: Jeronimo Luis Pedro Dragão
Published: September 2021

Neste artigo apresentamos os principais resultados de uma pesquisa que expôs ascaracterísticas, usos e os valores atribuídos ao Theatro Municipal de São João da BoaVista – SP, no momento de sua construção e primeiros anos de funcionamento (1914-1925) e no momento atual, a partir de seu restauro e atuais usos (entre os anos de1980 e 2014). Apresentamos uma pesquisa que analisou aquele edifício em suasdimensões sociocultural, identitária, material e utilitária na comunidade em que seinsere.
O fotógrafo etnógrafo: uma análise sobre o Brasil multicultural de Marcel Gautherot
Authors: De Souza e Silva Alexandre Pinto
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho busca analisar as performances presentes nas fotografias deMarcel Gautherot, que realizou diversos registros ao longo de suas viagens peloBrasil. Seguindo as predileções do recém-criado SPHAN, as imagens desse fotógrafoatendem a uma leitura etnográfica, a fim de reconhecer e mapear diferentes costumese tradições do povo brasileiro, bem como mostrar a sua realidade.
Do mobiliário à obra de arte: o cavalete de vidro do MASP à luz da Conservação e Restauração
Authors: Batista Amaral Luiza
Published: September 2021

O artigo tece uma leitura do cavalete de vidro no campo da Conservação eRestauração de Bens Culturais. Projetado inicialmente pela arquiteta Lina Bo Bardicom a função de mobiliário expositivo para a segunda sede do MASP, localizada naAv. Paulista (1968), os suportes transparentes abrigam pinturas expondo-as emsuspensão na pinacoteca do museu. A museografia de vidro e concreto permaneceuaté 1996, desmontada pela gestão do arquiteto Júlio Neves, mas refeito em 2015 pelaatual gestão do MASP, mobilizando novas discussões em torno do objeto que passaa ser apropriado por obras e instalações artísticas. Sobre a volta dos cavaletes devidro, o artigo articula debates da Conservação e Restauração a fim de refletir sobresua preservação enquanto bem cultural.
Os negociantes fluminenses e o comércio transatlântico: fronteiras do exclusivo colonial
Authors: Gomes Wederson de Souza
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo busca analisar as transformações que aconteceram na praçamercantil fluminense na transição entre os séculos XVIII e XIX. Observando algumastrajetórias dos negociantes cariocas, percebe-se que a magnitude de seus negóciosdestoava dos ditames impostos pelo exclusivo colonial metropolitano ainda em vigorno século XVIII. Ainda que restrito, um grupo de negociantes grossistas comgrandes cabedais foi proeminente no comércio oceânico de escravizados, seequiparando aos empresários portugueses da península como agentes na prática.Explicitando suas trajetórias e demonstrando a visão que alguns agentesmetropolitanos tinham da questão, buscaremos desvelar a constituição de uma elitemercantil colonial que ultrapassou os limites do exclusivo metropolitano e se tornouimportante alicerce do império português no século XIX.
A perseguição políticoideológica ao Serviço de Ensino Vocacional do Estado de São Paulo (1964-1970)
Authors: Stevolo Pedro Luiz
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar alguns tópicos da pesquisa emandamento cujo objetivo está situado na análise documental produzida pelos órgãosde controle, informação e repressão durante o período da ditadura empresarial-militarbrasileira (1964-1985) sobre o Serviço de Ensino Vocacional, a partir das informaçõescontidas no Relatório do Inquérito Policial Militar da Secretaria de Educação do Estadode São Paulo, nosso objeto inicial de pesquisa, e de outros documentos produzidospelo aparato repressivo brasileiro. A ideia geral é a de que foram mobilizados diversosmecanismos repressivos para viabilizar a perseguição, punição e o impedimento dacontinuidade deste projeto experimental de renovação do ensino público paulista.
A “PERGUNTA PELA MULHER” NAS CIÊNCIAS CRIMINAIS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA METODOLOGIA FEMINISTA PARA O CAMPO DO DIREITO
Authors: Ferreira Letícia Cardoso , Braga Ana Gabriela Mendes
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Este trabalho discute as possibilidades e os desafios da aplicação de um método feminista nas Ciências Criminais. Em diálogo com as epistemologias feministas, especialmente mobilizando a noção de saberes posicionados, propomos um exercício de estranhamento da representação dos sujeitos criminais nos textos acadêmicos.Contextualização: As discussões deste artigo são resultado de uma experiência de pesquisa documental centrada nas representações das mulheres que cometem o crime de comércio ilegal de entorpecentes, tendo como fonte artigos científicos publicados em um importante periódico da área. Para destacar as marcas de gênero nesses textos, empregamos o método legal feminista desenvolvido pela autora estadunidense Katharine Bartlett no texto Feminist Legal Methods (1990).Metodologia: O presente artigo é fruto das reflexões teóricas, políticas e, especialmente, epistemológicas, que surgiram no delineamento metodológico desta pesquisa. Nesse sentido, realizamos, neste artigo, uma revisão da literatura nacional e internacional, especialmente produções feministas sobre métodos e políticas de produção de conhecimento no Direito.Resultados e contribuições: Com este trabalho, buscamos contribuir para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas na interface de Gênero e Direito, que permitam pensar não só em outros caminhos, mas também em outras perguntas referentes ao campo das Ciências Criminais.
The probability of detection and the penalty rate as deterrents to tax evasion
Authors: Πίσσας Δημήτριος
Published: September 2021

Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η εξέταση της αποτελεσματικότητας δύο, εκ των βασικών κανόνων επιλογής των φορολογουμένων, Κανόνας Τυχαίας Επιλογής και Κανόνας Διαχωρισμού, στην περίπτωση εφαρμογή τους στην Ελληνική Οικονομία, κατά την προ-μνημονιακή εποχή, (έτος 2009). Η αποτελεσματικότητα του Κανόνα Τυχαίας Επιλογής, φαίνεται να εξαρτάται θετικά, σε σημαντικό βαθμό, από τον βαθμό αποστροφής του Έλληνα φορολογουμένου. Η αποτελεσματικότητα του Κανόνα Διαχωρισμού, φαίνεται να εξαρτάται θετικά, σε σημαντικό βαθμό, από τον βαθμό ανισοδιανομής του συνολικού εισοδήματος. Αυτά σημαίνουν ότι η καταλληλότητα των κανόνων επιλογής, ως μέσα αντιμετώπισης του φαινομένου της φοροδιαφυγής, εξαρτάται, μεταξύ άλλων, από την στάση, που έχουν οι φορολογούμενοι, απέναντι σε καταστάσεις, που περιέχουν κίνδυνο, καθώς επίσης και από την κατανομή του συνολικού εισοδήματος, μεταξύ των φορολογουμένων. Σε περιπτώσεις όπου οι φορολογούμενοι έχουν υψηλή αποστροφή στον κίνδυνο, η φορολογική αρχή δύναται να στηριχτεί στο σύστημα τυχαίας επιλογής των φορολογουμένων για έλεγχο. Σε περιπτώσεις όπου οι ανισότητες είναι έντονες, η έλεγχοι πρέπει να πραγματοποιούνται βάσει του Κανόνα Διαχωρισμού, επιλέγοντας μόνο άτομα που δηλώνουν χαμηλό εισόδημα.
Ιmplications of changes in market performance on the implementation of statistical arbitrage strategies
Authors: Μαυράκης Εμμανουήλ
Published: September 2021

Η παρούσα διατριβή περιλαμβάνει πέντε αυτοτελή κεφάλαια εμπειρικής έρευνας.Βασικός στόχος της είναι να συμβάλλει ερευνητικά, ώστε να καλυφθεί το κενό που υπάρχει στη σχετική βιβλιογραφία, εξετάζοντας τα αποτελέσματα των μεταβολών της συμπεριφοράς των χρηματιστηριακών αγορών στην εφαρμογή των στρατηγικών Στατιστικής Εξισορροπητικής Κερδοσκοπίας (ΣΕΚ) των οποίων ο σχεδιασμός στηρίζεται στη μέθοδο της συνολοκλήρωσης. Σε σχέση με τα αποτελέσματα προγενέστερων ερευνών, η παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία επεκτείνει την υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία εξετάζοντας την ισχύ της υπόθεσης ότι “οι μεταβολές στη συμπεριφορά των αποδόσεων των χρηματιστηριακών αγορών, επηρεάζουν τις ιδιότητες στασιμότητας των μακροχρόνιων σχέσεων ισορροπίας μεταξύ χρηματοοικονομικών δεδομένων και κατά συνέπεια, έχουν επιπτώσεις στην εφαρμογή των στρατηγικών ΣΕΚ πάνω στις εξεταζόμενες μεταβλητές”.Προκειμένου να αξιολογηθεί η ισχύς της κύριας ερευνητικής υπόθεσής εξετάζονται δύο κατηγορίες στρατηγικών ΣΕΚ και συγκεκριμένα α) οι στρατηγικές που βασίζονται στις ιδιότητες στασιμότητας της έκπτωσης (discount) των συλλογικών επενδύσεων κλειστού τύπου που διαπραγματεύονται στα χρηματιστήρια των Αθηνών και της Νέας Υόρκης και β) οι στρατηγικές διαπραγμάτευσης ανά ζεύγη, αρχικά σε δεδομένα αντιπροσωπευτικών χρηματιστηριακών δεικτών των κύριων διεθνών αγορών και στη συνέχεια σε δεδομένα χρηματιστηριακών τιμών τραπεζικών μετοχών που διαπραγματεύονται στα χρηματιστήρια των Αθηνών και της Φρανκφούρτης. Ιδιαίτερα αυξημένη κρίνεται η χρησιμότητα των αποτελεσμάτων της παρούσας διατριβής δεδομένου ότι, κατά τη διάρκεια της τελευταίας δεκαετίας, οι διαχειριστές αμοιβαίων κεφαλαίων αντιστάθμισης κινδύνου, που εφαρμόζουν στρατηγικές ΣΕΚ, βασίζονται ολοένα και περισσότερο στη μέθοδο της συνολοκλήρωσης με σκοπό τον προσδιορισμό των συντελεστών βαρύτητας στα χαρτοφυλάκια τους.
Η ασφαλειοποίηση της μετανάστευσης στην Ελλάδα
Authors: Καλαντζή Φωτεινή
Published: September 2021

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή ασχολείται με την μετανάστευση στον ελλαδικόχώρο και την κοινωνικοπολιτική κατασκευή της ως κίνδυνο ασφάλειας με βάση τιςπαραδοχές του κονστρουκτιβισμού. Στοχεύει να απαντήσει στα ερωτήματα αν έχειασφαλειοποιηθεί η μετανάστευση στην Ελλάδα, ποιοι είναι εκείνοι οι μηχανισμοί πουσυντελούν σε αυτό και ποια είναι τα κριτήρια που πρέπει να χρησιμοποιηθούν για ναοδηγηθούμε σε απαντήσεις. Το βασικό ερώτημα δηλαδή δεν έχει να κάνει με το αν οιμετανάστες και οι πρόσφυγες αποτελούν έναν αληθινό ή ένα φαντασιακό κίνδυνο για τηνΕλλάδα και για την ΕΕ. Αυτό που έχει ιδιαίτερη σημασία για τη διατριβή είναι το γεγονός ότιη δημιουργία συνάρτησης μετανάστευσης και ασφάλειας συνεπάγεται έναν συγκεκριμένοτρόπο οργάνωσης των κοινωνικοπολιτικών σχέσεων, μέσα από τον οποίο φανερώνονταιμορφές κυβερνητικότητας και μέθοδοι πρόσληψης και αντιμετώπισης του «Άλλου». Για τηναπάντηση των ερευνητικών ερωτημάτων χρησιμοποιούνται συνδυαστικά παραδοχές δύοκυρίαρχων σχολών των Κριτικών Σπουδών Ασφάλειας. Εστιάζουμε στην ανάλυση του λόγουκαι των πρακτικών, είτε αυτές εκφράζονται μέσω νομοθεσίας ή δημόσιας πολιτικής καικυβερνητικών τεχνικών, μέρος των οποίων προκύπτει από την συμμετοχή της Ελλάδας στουςευρωπαϊκούς θεσμούς.Η μελέτη έρχεται να καλύψει το ερευνητικό κενό και να εμπλουτίσει την εργογραφίαπάνω στην ασφαλειοποίηση της μετανάστευσης στην Ελλάδα μεταξύ της περιόδου 2000-2014. Επίσης, αποτελεί χρήσιμη συμβολή στην εργογραφία επί του μεταναστευτικούζητήματος στην Ελλάδα συνολικά σε αυτήν την περίοδο. Ρίχνει φως στην εποικοδομητικήεπίδραση των λόγων και των πράξεων σε μια ιστορικοποιημένη και πολυεπίπεδη ανάλυσητης ασφαλειοποίησης. Επιπλέον, θέτει ως καθοριστικό πλαίσιο ανάλυσης την ΕΕ και τηδιαδικασία εξευρωπαϊσμού για την βαθύτερη κατανόηση των αλλαγών στη μεταναστευτική πολιτική και γενικότερα στην ελληνική κοινωνία στην εξεταζόμενη περίοδο.
Πολλαπλασιαστικοί τελεστές σε άλγεβρες τελεστών
Authors: Μαγιάτης Χαράλαμπος
Published: September 2021

Το αντικείμενο της διατριβής είναι η μελέτη πολλαπλασιαστικών και στοιχειωδών τελεστών σε άλγεβρες τελεστών. Η διατριβή έχει τρία κεφάλαια. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο μελετάμε πολλαπλασιαστικούς και στοιχειώδεις τελεστές στην άλγεβρα των adjointable τελεστών σε ένα Hilbert πρότυπο. Δίνουμε χαρακτηρισμούς των συμβόλων των πολλαπλασιαστικών και στοιχειωδών τελεστών σε σχέση με την εικόνα τους. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο χαρακτηρίζουμε τα k-ακραία σημεία μίας C*-άλγεβρας με χρήση των συστολικών διαταραχών. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο χαρακτηρίζουμε τα συμπαγή στοιχεία ενός ημισταυρωτού γινομένου.
Managing uncertainty and vagueness in semantic web
Authors: Καρανικόλα Λουκία
Published: September 2021

Ο Σημασιολογικός Ιστός στοχεύει στην διεκπεραίωση εργασιών σε υπολογιστικά συστήματα χωρίς την ανθρώπινη παρέμβαση. Προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί ο στόχος αυτός, εισάγεται η έννοια της πληροφορίας που είναι επεξεργάσιμη από μηχανές. Στα περισσότερα προβλήματα, η έννοια της πληροφορίας είναι συνυφασμένη με την έννοια της αβεβαιότητας και της ασάφειας. Και οι δύο έννοιες περιγράφονται με την κοινή ονομασία ατελήςπληροφορία. Δεδομένου ότι ο Σημασιολογικός Ιστός απαρτίζεται από ένα σύνολο τεχνολογιών και των θεωριών που τις διέπουν, οποιαδήποτε μέθοδος αναπαράστασης θα πρέπεινα βρίσκεται σε συμφωνία με άλλες υπάρχουσες. Συγκεκριμένα, το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο πρέπει να εντάσσεται ομαλά στη θεωρία που εφαρμόζεται στο Σημασιολογικό Ιστό. Η δε υλοποίησή του, ιδανικό είναι, να υποστηριχθεί με χρήση μεθόδων του Σημασιολογικού Ιστού, στις οποίες κυριαρχεί εκείνη των οντολογιών. Στη διατριβή μας, ορίσαμε μία μέθοδο αναπαράστασης της αβεβαιότητας και της ασάφειας μέσω ενός ενιαίου πλαισίου. Το μοντέλο Dempster-Shaferχρησιμοποιήθηκε για την αναπαράσταση της αβεβαιότητας και το μοντέλο Ασαφούς Λογικής και Ασαφών Συνόλων για την αναπαράσταση της ασάφειας. Για το λόγο αυτό, ορίσαμε το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο, στοχεύοντας σε ένα συνδυασμό ALC Λογικών Περιγραφών (Description Logics) με το μοντέλο Dempster-Shafer. Κατά τη διάρκεια της έρευνάς μας υλοποιήσαμε μεταοντολογίες για την αναπαράσταση της αβεβαιότητας και της ασάφειας και στη συνέχεια μελετήσαμετην συμπεριφορά τους σε πραγματικές εφαρμογές.