bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Finite Element Prediction of Fatigue Life and Crack Path in 2D Structural Components
Authors: Bashiri Abdullateef H. , Alshoaibi Abdulnaser M.
Published: October 2020

The existence of a hole near a growing fatigue crack can cause the crack trajectory to deviate. Unless the hole is too close to the crack, the crack is arrested at the edge of the hole and does not progress further. The purpose of this paper was to predict the crack propagation and lifetime of two-dimension geometries for linear elastic materials in mixed-mode loading using a finite element source code program written in Visual Fortran language. The finite element mesh is generated using the advancing front method. The onset criterion of crack propagation was based on the equivalent stress intensity factor which provides the most important parameter that must be accurately estimated for the mixed-mode loading condition. The maximum circumferential stress theory was used as a direction criterion. The modified compact tension (MCTS) was studied to demonstrate the influence of the hole’s presence on the direction of crack growth and fatigue life for different configurations. The Paris’ law model has been employed to evaluate the mixed-mode fatigue life for MCTS in different configurations under the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFMs) assumption. The framework involves a progressive crack extension study of stress intensity factors (SIFs), crack growth direction, and fatigue life estimation. The results show that the fatigue growth was attracted to the hole either changes its direction to reach the hole or floats by the hole and grows as the hole is missed. The results of the study agree with several crack propagation experiments in the literature revealing similar crack propagation trajectory observations.
The Anisotropic Stress-Induced Diffusion and Trapping of Nitrogen in Austenitic Stainless Steel during Nitriding
Authors: Galdikas Arvaidas , Moskalioviene Teresa
Published: October 2020

Plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steels at moderate temperatures is considered in the presented work. The anisotropic aspects of stress-induced diffusion and influence of nitrogen traps are investigated by kinetic modeling based on rate equations. The model involves diffusion of nitrogen in the presence of internal stress gradients induced by penetrating nitrogen as the next driving force of diffusion after the concentration gradient. The diffusion equation takes into account the fact that nitrogen atoms reside in interstitial sites and in trapping sites. Stress-induced diffusion has an anisotropic nature and depends on the crystalline orientation while trapping–detrapping is isotropic. The simulations are done considering the synergetic effects of both mechanisms and analyzing the properties of both processes separately. Theoretical curves are compared with experimental results taken from the literature. Good agreement between simulated and experimental results is observed, and gives the possibility to find real values of parameters needed for calculations. The nitrogen depth profile shapes, the dependences of nitrogen penetration on nitriding time and on diffusivity, are analyzed considering crystalline orientation of steel single crystal.
Advances in Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Pérez Sestelo José , Sarandeses Luis A.
Published: October 2020

Cross-coupling reactions stand among the most important reactions in chemistry [...]
Application of Sorbents for Oil Spill Cleanup Focusing on Natural-Based Modified Materials: A Review
Authors: Zamparas Miltiadis , Tzivras Dimitrios , Dracopoulos Vassilios , Ioannides Theophilos
Published: October 2020

Conventional synthetic sorbents for oil spill removal are the most widely applied materials, although they are not the optimal choices from an economic and environmental point of view. The use of inexpensive, abundant, non-toxic, biodegradable, and reusable lignocellulosic materials might be an alternative to conventional sorbents, with obvious positive impact on sustainability and circular economy. The objective of this paper was to review reports on the use of natural-based adsorbing materials for the restoration of water bodies threatened by oil spills. The use of raw and modified natural sorbents as a restoration tool, their sorption capacity, along with the individual results in conditions that have been implemented, were examined in detail. Modification methods for improving the hydrophobicity of natural sorbents were also extensively highlighted. Furthermore, an attempt was made to assess the advantages and limitations of each natural sorbent since one material is unlikely to encompass all potential oil spill scenarios. Finally, an evaluation was conducted in order to outline an integrated approach based on the terms of material–environment–economy.
Mycosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Screened Trichoderma Isolates and Their Antifungal Activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Tomah Ali Athafah , Alamer Iman Sabah Abd , Li Bin , Zhang Jing-Ze
Published: October 2020

To control the disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a total of 15 isolates of the Trichoderma species was screened for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Among them, the highest yield occurred in the synthesis of AgNPs using a cell-free aqueous filtrate of T.virens HZA14 producing gliotoxin. The synthetic AgNPs were charactered by SEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, and FTIR. Electron microscopy studies revealed that the size of AgNPs ranged from 5–50 nm and had spherical and oval shapes with smooth surfaces. Prepared AgNPs interacted with protein, carbohydrate and heterocyclic compound molecules, and especially, interaction patterns of AgNPs with the gliotoxin molecule were proposed. The antifungal activity assays demonstrated that percentage inhibition of the prepared AgNPs was 100, 93.8 and 100% against hyphal growth, sclerotial formation, and myceliogenic germination of sclerotia at a concentration of 200 μg/mL, respectively. The direct interaction between nanoparticles and fungal cells, including AgNPs’ contact, accumulation, lamellar fragment production and micropore or fissure formation on fungal cell walls, was revealed by SEM and EDS. These will extend our understanding of the mechanisms of AgNPs’ action for preventing diversified fungal disease.
Innovative and Cost-Efficient BiOI Immobilization Technique on Ceramic Paper—Total Coverage and High Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Kása Zsolt , Orbán Eszter , Pap Zsolt , Ábrahám Imre , Magyari Klára , Garg Seema , Hernadi Klara
Published: October 2020

In the present work, visible light active bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) was immobilized on a commercial, non-conductive support (an Al2O3 based ceramic paper) using a novel two-step spray coating technique and investigated with different characterization methods (e.g., SEM, Raman, XPS). Our main goal was to eliminate the separation costs after the photocatalytic measurement and investigate the chemical relevance and opportunity to use this technique in the industry. Our as-prepared uniform BiOI layer had similar properties to the well-known reference BiOI powder. The Raman and XPS measurements confirmed that the enriched amount of the surface iodine defined the color and as well the band gap of the BiOI layer. The durable BiOI layers have prominent photocatalytic activity under UV and visible light irradiation as well. The scale-up procedure proved that the designed BiOI coated paper was reusable and potentially applicable in the industry by straightforward scale-up, which is due to the elaborated non-conventional BiOI coverage estimation method. This immobilization technique could open several opportunities for immobilizing many other visible light active photocatalysts with simple materials and low cost.
Surface Treatment of Cu:NiOx Hole-Transporting Layer Using β-Alanine for Hysteresis-Free and Thermally Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Galatopoulos Fedros , Papadas Ioannis T. , Ioakeimidis Apostolos , Eleftheriou Polyvios , Choulis Stelios A.
Published: October 2020

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using a Cu:NiOx hole transporting layer (HTL) often exhibit stability issues and in some cases J/V hysteresis. In this work, we developed a β-alanine surface treatment process on Cu:NiOx HTL that provides J/V hysteresis-free, highly efficient, and thermally stable inverted PSCs. The improved device performance due to β-alanine-treated Cu:NiOx HTL is attributed to the formation of an intimate Cu:NiOx/perovskite interface and reduced charge trap density in the bulk perovskite active layer. The β-alanine surface treatment process on Cu:NiOx HTL eliminates major thermal degradation mechanisms, providing 40 times increased lifetime performance under accelerated heat lifetime conditions. By using the proposed surface treatment, we report optimized devices with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) (up to 15.51%) and up to 1000 h lifetime under accelerated heat lifetime conditions (60 °C, N2).
Biochemical and Molecular Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Spectrum of Crude Extracts of Willow Leaves Salix safsaf
Authors: Aboul-Soud Mourad A. M. , Ashour Abdelkader E. , Challis Jonathan K. , Ahmed Atallah F. , Kumar Ashok , Nassrallah Amr , Alahmari Tariq A. , Saquib Quaiser , Siddiqui Maqsood A. , Al-Sheikh Yazeed , El-Shemy Hany A. , Aboul-Enein Ahmed M. , Alghamdi Khalid M. , Jones Paul D. , Giesy John P.
Published: October 2020

Organic fractions and extracts of willow (Salix safsaf) leaves, produced by sequential solvent extraction as well as infusion and decoction, exhibited anticancer potencies in four cancerous cell lines, including breast (MCF-7), colorectal (HCT-116), cervical (HeLa) and liver (HepG2). Results of the MTT assay revealed that chloroform (CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fractions exhibited specific anticancer activities as marginal toxicities were observed against two non-cancerous control cell lines (BJ-1 and MCF-12). Ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry Q-Exactive™ HF Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™ coupled with liquid chromatography (UHPLC) indicated that both extracts are enriched in features belonging to major phenolic and purine derivatives. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS), employing annexin V-FITC/PI double staining indicated that the observed cytotoxic potency was mediated via apoptosis. FACS analysis, monitoring the increase in fluorescence signal, associated with oxidation of DCFH to DCF, indicated that the mechanism of apoptosis is independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results of immunoblotting and RT-qPCR assays showed that treatment with organic fractions under investigation resulted in significant up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein and mRNA markers for Caspase-3, p53 and Bax, whereas it resulted in a significant reduction in amounts of both protein and mRNA of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. FACS analysis also indicated that pre-treatment and co-treatment of human amniotic epithelial (WISH) cells exposed to the ROS H2O2 with EtOAc fraction provide a cytoprotective and antioxidant capacity against generated oxidative stress. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of natural phenolic and flavonoid compounds with unparalleled and unique antioxidant and anticancer properties.
Germplasm Acquisition and Distribution by CGIAR Genebanks
Authors: Halewood Michael , Jamora Nelissa , Noriega Isabel , Anglin Noelle , Wenzl Peter , Payne Thomas , Ndjiondjop Marie-Noelle , Guarino Luigi , Kumar P. , Yazbek Mariana , Muchugi Alice , Azevedo Vania , Tchamba Marimagne , Jones Chris , Venuprasad Ramaiah , Roux Nicolas , Rojas Edwin , Lusty Charlotte
Published: October 2020

The international collections of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) hosted by 11 CGIAR Centers are important components of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization’s global system of conservation and use of PGRFA. They also play an important supportive role in realizing Target 2.5 of the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper analyzes CGIAR genebanks’ trends in acquiring and distributing PGRFA over the last 35 years, with a particular focus on the last decade. The paper highlights a number of factors influencing the Centers’ acquisition of new PGRFA to include in the international collections, including increased capacity to analyze gaps in those collections and precisely target new collecting missions, availability of financial resources, and the state of international and national access and benefit-sharing laws and phytosanitary regulations. Factors contributing to Centers’ distributions of PGRFA included the extent of accession-level information, users’ capacity to identify the materials they want, and policies. The genebanks’ rates of both acquisition and distribution increased over the last decade. The paper ends on a cautionary note concerning the potential of unresolved tensions regarding access and benefit sharing and digital genomic sequence information to undermine international cooperation to conserve and use PGRFA.
Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation, Growth Characteristics, and Yield of Pisum sativum L. Grown in Agricultural Soil-Sewage Sludge Mixtures
Authors: Eid Ebrahem M. , El-Bebany Ahmed F. , Taher Mostafa A. , Alrumman Sulaiman A. , Galal Tarek M. , Shaltout Kamal H. , Sewelam Nasser A. , Ahmed Mohamed T.
Published: October 2020

The application of sewage sludge (SS) in agriculture is an alternative disposal method for wastewater recycling and soil fertilization. This study evaluated heavy metal bioaccumulation, growth, and yield of Pisum sativum (pea) grown in agricultural soil amended with SS at rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg. The results show that root, shoot, pod length, biomass, and number of leaves and pods increased with SS amendments of 10 and 20 g/kg, while rates declined at 30 and 40 g/kg. SS had greater salinity and organic content than the soil. Heavy metals in the postharvest soil samples increased for all SS application rates except Fe and Mo. The significant increase in Cd content started at the lowest amendment rate 10 g/kg; for Co, Mn, and Pb, the significant increase was detected at the highest amendment rate (40 g/kg). Generally, all heavy metals increased significantly in portions of P. sativum except Cd in the shoot. At an amendment rate of 10 g/kg, Co in the shoot and root, Cr in the fruit, Cu in the root, Fe in the fruit, Mn in the shoot and fruit, Mo in the fruit, Pb in the shoot, and Zn in the fruit were elevated significantly. In contrast, the concentrations of Cd in the fruit, Cr in the root, Cu in the shoot, Fe in the shoot and root, Ni in the fruit and root, Pb in the fruit and root, and Zn in the root significantly increased only at the highest rate of 40 g/kg. The highest regression R2 was 0.927 for Mn in pods and the lowest was 0.154 for Cd in shoots. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors were > 1 for Mo and the bioaccumulation of Pb was >1. SS could be used for pea fertilization but only at rates below 20 g/kg to avoid environmental and health hazards.
Mitigating Visual Ageism in Digital Media: Designing for Dynamic Diversity to Enhance Communication Rights for Senior Citizens
Authors: Ivan Loredana , Loos Eugène , Tudorie George
Published: October 2020

This paper advocates for the importance of visual communication rights for older people to avoid “visual ageism,” described as media practices of visually underrepresenting older people or misrepresenting them in a prejudiced way. It aims to present a set of policy recommendations using “designing for dynamic diversity” as the leading principle. By discussing studies about the ways older people are visual represented in digital media content, the paper shows how visual communication rights for older people could help to fight “visual ageism.” It also pleads for collaborative ways to create digital visual content “together with” older people and not “for” them. Moreover, the paper makes a plea for empowering senior citizens by advocating their right of having a voice about the manner in which they are visually represented and enhancing their power to influence specifically the images representing them.
Intradermal Delivery of Dendritic Cell-Targeting Chimeric mAbs Genetically Fused to Type 2 Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1
Authors: Pereira Lennon Ramos , Vicentin Elaine Cristina Matos , Pereira Sara Araujo , Maeda Denicar Lina Nascimento Fabris , Alves Rúbens Prince dos Santos , Andreata-Santos Robert , Sousa Francielle Tramontini Gomes de , Yamamoto Marcio Massao , Castro-Amarante Maria Fernanda , Favaro Marianna Teixeira de Pinho , Romano Camila Malta , Sabino Ester Cerdeira , Boscardin Silvia Beatriz , Ferreira Luís Carlos de Souza
Published: October 2020

Targeting dendritic cells (DCs) by means of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of binding their surface receptors (DEC205 and DCIR2) has previously been shown to enhance the immunogenicity of genetically fused antigens. This approach has been repeatedly demonstrated to enhance the induced immune responses to passenger antigens and thus represents a promising therapeutic and/or prophylactic strategy against different infectious diseases. Additionally, under experimental conditions, chimeric αDEC205 or αDCIR2 mAbs are usually administered via an intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, which is not reproducible in clinical settings. In this study, we characterized the delivery of chimeric αDEC205 or αDCIR2 mAbs via an intradermal (i.d.) route, compared the elicited humoral immune responses, and evaluated the safety of this potential immunization strategy under preclinical conditions. As a model antigen, we used type 2 dengue virus (DENV2) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). The results show that the administration of chimeric DC-targeting mAbs via the i.d. route induced humoral immune responses to the passenger antigen equivalent or superior to those elicited by i.p. immunization with no toxic effects to the animals. Collectively, these results clearly indicate that i.d. administration of DC-targeting chimeric mAbs presents promising approaches for the development of subunit vaccines, particularly against DENV and other flaviviruses.
Intranasal Delivery of a Chitosan-Hydrogel Vaccine Generates Nasal Tissue Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells That Are Protective against Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Bedford James G. , Caminschi Irina , Wakim Linda M.
Published: October 2020

Rapid antigen clearance from the nasal mucosa is one of the major challenges in the development of intranasal vaccines. Here, we tested whether intranasal immunization with a chitosan-hydrogel vaccine, with in situ gelling properties, extended antigen retention time within the nasal mucosa. Intranasal immunization with a chitosan-hydrogel vaccine retained antigen within the upper respiratory tract (URT), while intranasal delivery of less viscous vaccines led to antigen accumulation within the lower airways. Interestingly, sustained antigen retention within the URT following chitosan-hydrogel vaccination boosted the number of vaccine-specific, tissue resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T cells that developed within the nasal mucosa. Mice immunized with a chitosan-hydrogel vaccine loaded with influenza virus peptides developed a large pool of influenza-specific CD8+ nasal Trm and these cells were highly protective during an influenza challenge. Our results describe an effective vaccine formulation that can be utilized to boost local immunity in the nasal mucosa.
Hermeneutic Applications from the Patristic Exegetes
Authors: Johansen James D.
Published: October 2020

This paper examines modern hermeneutic approaches and how patristic exegetes can complement interpretative methods. Modern hermeneutics apply different procedures depending on the genre. Kannengiesser’s Handbook of Patristic Exegesis is used to summarize patristic views by specific book and genre, while Russell’s Playing with Fire, Klein, Blomberg and Hubbard’s Introduction to Biblical Interpretation, and Kaiser and Silva’s, Introduction to Biblical Hermeneutics frame the range of modern hermeneutic approaches. Perspectives on spiritual formation are addressed per genre since it is important for biblical interrelation and application and was valued by patristic exegetes like Augustine. The paper shows how patristic exegetes focused on the spiritual and seeking the Bible’s deeper meaning. It demonstrates how Russell’s spiritual formation emphasis aligns with Augustine’s spiritual burning that transformed his life and how this emphasis aligns with the patristic exegetes’ desire to seek deeper spiritual meaning in scripture.
Information management methods and successful business
Authors: Morozov V.A.
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the methodological understanding of management information systems and their use for modern business. The article considers information flows moving through various structural levels of decision-making in the organization, as well as high-quality software for complex systems. We have studied the information management system (MIS), which includes the process of collecting, processing, storing, retrieving and transmitting relevant data for effective operation management. It is determined that the meaning of information management in organizations is to help solve the problems of institutional growth, development and productivity through the described methods of making better decisions related to the use of resources in a dynamic and changing environment.
Organization of the public procurement in the interests of the public governance digitization: problems and solutions
Authors: Shuvalov S.S.
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the key goals, objectives, and possible directions of the public procurement organization enhancement in order to provide qualitative and timely digitization of the public governance. There are highlighted the main problems in the Russian organization of the public procurement planning and conducting which negatively affect the quality of procuring digital products and the efficiency of the budget spending. The possible ways to solve the problems are suggested.
Improving efficiency state programs of the Russian Federation
Authors: Zvyagintsev P.S.
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the state programs of the Russian Federation and their goal setting. The data on the number of state programs and federal target programs, as well as the amount of budgetary allocations for their implementation for a number of years are given. The disadvantages of state programs in their development and implementation are considered.
In the conditions of the spread of coronavirus infection and the economic crisis, proposals were made to increase the effectiveness of government programs.
Implementasi Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Pemetaan Sebaran Jumlah Penduduk di Kota Cimahi
Authors: Hamdani Dani , Virgana T Saptanji R.A.E
Published: October 2020

RPJP Daerah Kota Cimahi 2005-2025 menyebutkan bahwa pertumbuhan penduduk dan persebaran-nya telah menjadi isu strategis dan perlu diatasi secara bertahap dan berkesinambungan, oleh karena itu monitoring sebaran kependudukan merupakan sesuatu yang harus dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yang digunakan adalah metode Rational Unified Process (RUP).RUP menggunakan konsep object-oriented, dengan aktifitas yang berfokus pada pengembangan model dengan menggunakan Unified Model Language (UML).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem informasi geografis yang menampilkan pemetaan sebaran jumlah penduduk di Kota Cimahi. Data-data diperoleh dari publikasi Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Cimahi. Sistem ini dibangun menggunakan QGIS untuk membangun peta, postgreSQL untuk pengelolaan basis data dan bahasa pemrograman PHP untuk menampilkan peta ke halaman web. Kesimpulan akhir dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa sistem informasi geografis yang dibangun dapat menunjukkan informasi sebaran penduduk Kota Cimahi dengan baik sehingga pemerintah dapat menetapkan kebijakan yang lebih tepat.
Sistem Informasi Absensi, Penggajian, dan Pinjaman Pegawai pada PT. X
Authors: F Annisa Paramitha , Febrianto Ramdani
Published: October 2020

PT. X merupakan perusahaan manufaktur, yang membuat mesin produksi serta part pendukungnya. PT X belum sepenuhnya memiliki sistem informasi untuk proses administrasi perusahaan, oleh karena itu terdapat kendala yang terjadi dikarenakan perusahaan belum menerapkan sistem informasi berbasis computer (CBIS). Permasalahan yang ada perusahaan dengan proses absensi, penggajian dan pinjaman pegawai. Perusahaan saat ini masih menggunakan Ms. Excel sebagai alat bantu untuk kegiatan administrasi pegawai. Penggunaan MS. Excel tersebut cukup membantu, akan tapi masih terdapat kekurangan dalam proses pencatatan data dan pelaporan. Oleh karena itu perlu dirancang sebuah sistem yang terkoneksi dengan database sehingga kegiatan administrasi dapat terintegrasi dengan baik dan menghindari redudansi data. Pada penelitian ini, metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan yaitu metode prototype sedangkan, metode pendekatan sistem yang digunakan adalah Object Oriented dengan alat bantu analisis dan perancangan menggunakan UML. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa rancangan sistem informasi Absensi, penggajian dan pinjaman pegawai.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penyelenggaraan Event Lokakarya dan Seminar (Studi Kasus: UNIKOM Bandung)
Authors: Aryansyah K , Sidik R
Published: October 2020

Lokakarya dan seminar merupakan salah satu bentuk penyelenggaraan event ilmiah di perguruan tinggi. Lokakarya dan seminar menjadi sebuah aktifitas berbagi pengetahuan dari praktisi/ahli di bidang tertentu. Untuk mendapatkan kesuksesan penyelenggaraan event, maka diperlukan pengelolaan event yang baik. Program studi sistem informasi UNIKOM Bandung menyeleggarakan event lokakarya dan seminar yang dikhususkan untuk mahasiswa. Dalam pelaksanaannya, permasalahan sering muncul dan berakibat pada pelaksanaannya secara langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sebuah sistem informasi manajemen event lokakarya dan seminar yang dapat menjadi solusi pemecahan masalah yang ada pada  penyelenggaraan event di program studi sistem informasi UNIKOM. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif. Pengembangan sistem mengadopsi model prototype dengan pendekatan sistem yang berorientasi objek. Prosedur yang dirancang meliputi prosedur publikasi, pendaftaran, pembayaran, presensi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem informasi manajemen event lokakarya dan seminar berbasis web. Sistem yang dirancang ini diharapkan mampu untuk menyediakan penyelesaian masalah dengan prosedur yang lebih baik bagi peserta ataupun panitia penyelenggara.
Pengaruh pemberian pakan komplit fermentasi berbasis serasah gamal dan batang pisang dengan imbangan yang berbeda terhadap tingkah laku makan kambing kacang
Authors: Manehat S. E. , Jelantik I Gusti Ngurah , Benu I.
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan komplit fermentasi berbasis serasah gamal dan batang pisang dengan rasio yang berbeda terhadap tingkah laku makan ternak kambing kacang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin (RBSL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Keempat perlakuan tersebut adalah P0S70:  70% serasah gamal dan 30% konsentrat, P30S40 : 30% batang pisang, 40% serasah gamal dan 30% konsentrat, P40S30: 40% batang pisang, 30% serasah gamal dan 30% konsentrat, P70S0 : 70% batang pisang dan 30% konsentrat. Parameter yang diukur terdiri dari frekuensi dan lama makan, frekuensi dan lama ruminasi serta frekuensi dan lama istirahat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analisis of Variance (ANOVA) diikuti dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan mengunakan SPSS 23. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi makan lebih rendah (P<0,05) pada perlakuan P0S70 (16,6 kali per hari) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya yang bervariasi antara  22,9 sampai 26,1 kali per hari.  Lama makan tidak berbeda di antara perlakuan (P>0,05) yaitu bervariasi antara 7,5 sampai 8,8 jam. Frekuensi dan lama ruminasi serta frekuensi dan lama istirahat beturut-turut bervariasi antara 26 sampai 33 kali dan 5,3 sampai 10 jam per hari serta 36,3 sampai 39,8 kali dan 7,3 sampai 12 jam per hari.  Lama ruminasi meningkat (P<0,05) dengan meningkatnya proporsi batang pisang di dalam pakan komplit, tetapi frekuensi ruminasi tidak berbeda antar pelakuan (P>0,05). Perlakuan berbengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap lama istirahat tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap frekuensi istirahat. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedan rasio antara batang pisang dan serasah gamal menyebabkan perbedaan frekuensi makan, lama ruminasi dan lama istirahat tetapi tidak merubah lama makan, frekuensi ruminasi dan istirahat.
Produksi, komposisi botani dan kapasitas tampung hijauan pada padang penggembalaan alam awal musim kemarau
Authors: Hae Ventryan Haryanto , Kleden Markus Miten , Temu Stefanus Tany
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di padang penggembalaan alam di Desa  Maubokul, Kecamatan  Pandawai, Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui produksi hijauan pakan dan komposisi botani serta kapasitas tampung awal musim kemarau. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode survei dan pengukuran serta pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Pengukuran produksi hijauan menggunakan metode “Actual Weight Estimate” dengan menggunakan kuadran ukur 1 m x 1 m. Data yang diperoleh ditabulasi dan dihitung untuk mendapatkan persentase produksi hijauan pakan, komposisi botani serta kapasitas tampung. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa padang penggembalaan  Desa Maubokul, Kecamatan Pandawai, Kabupaten Sumba Timur produksi bahan kering sebesar 1866,8 kg/ha, nilai Summed Dominan Ratio (SDR) rumput 84,4%, diikuti legum  15,6% dan terakhir gulma 0% dan memiliki kapasisitas tamping sebesar 1,001 ST/ha/tahun. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa padang rumput alam di Desa Maubokul didominasi oleh rumput alam dengan kapasitas tampung yang cukup tinggi.
Para una perspectiva del debate naturaleza/cultura desde los medios de comunicación
Authors:   , Lizondo Norma Liliana
Published: October 2020

El tratamiento periodístico de los desastres naturales responde a los criterios que los medios establecen para esa cobertura específica, ello no presupone un análisis de los conceptos acerca de la naturaleza. Se ha observado que, más allá de la perspectiva de “noticiabilidad” que despliegan los medios de comunicación, las categorías ontológicas puestas en juego en los productos periodísticos no están siendo objeto de análisis por parte de quienes la enuncian. De allí que la investigación desarrollada en este documento se ocupara de indagar cómo se presenta la relación naturaleza-cultura en los diarios Clarín, La Nación y El Tribuno, y en la Radio Comunitaria La Voz Indígena al momento de informar sobre las inundaciones del río Pilcomayo (Provincia de Salta) que ocurrieron en el verano del año 2018. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer las causas y las consecuencias de las inundaciones de acuerdo con la información que han brindado los diarios, versión digital, y la radio indígena. La tesis se inscribe en el marco de la emergencia climática por la que atraviesa el mundo, las singularidades que se desprenden del relato de los medios masivos, el tránsito por el “Antropoceno”, y la comunicación indígena estableciendo diferencias. Por ello, el contexto de interculturalidad de esta producción requiere considerar como variable de análisis las ontologías indígenas expresadas al momento de referir una inundación en los medios de comunicación. Metodológicamente se tomó como corpus de esta investigación las publicaciones de los tres diarios mencionados por un periodo de tres meses, y uno de los programas de la radio indígena durante un periodo similar. Luego, se profundizó en el estudio de las publicaciones utilizando la técnica del análisis de contenido, con la finalidad de generar dimensiones de análisis entre las cuales se incluyen las ontologías. Así pues, se tiene que este trabajo de investigación da continuidad a la tesis de maestría cuyo objeto de estudio fue la radio indígena, la Ley 26522 en Argentina (Ley de Servicios de Comunicación Audiovisual) y la comunicación con identidad, dado que también analiza las particularidades de la comunicación indígena con la singularidad de que este trabajo detalla el modo como se describe la convivencia con la naturaleza.
The relationship of the live weight of sheep of various ethological types with the live weight of their offspring
Authors: Khatamov Asror Kh.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to determine the live weight of Karakul sheep of Karakalpak suras of different ethological types in different physiological periods, the live weight of offspring and the relationship between these indicators. The study was conducted at Ltd “Istiklol karakul naslchilik”. During the study, the reaction of feed conversion was taken into account when classifying sheep according to ethological types. The live weights were measured on electronic scales. The data was processed biometrically. We studied the indicators of sheep’s live weight during the second period of lambing, the first period of lactation, the second period of lactation and after leaving the lactation period. These results were compared with the live weight at birth of their offspring. The results of the study showed that the live weight of the first ethological type of sheep was high in all physiological periods, and their offspring also had a higher live weight than their peers. The results of the study can be used in breeding in order to create herds that allow receiving the offspring with high live weight. The results of studies of the relationship between the live weight of the Karakalpak suras of Karakul sheep of different ethological types in different physiological periods and the live weight of their offspring are presented.
Remote monitoring of the state of hydrocarbon pollution of the geological environment and assessment of the risks of dangerous situations in areas of long-term oil and gas production and compact living of the population
Authors: Filipovych Volodymyr , Mychak Anton , Kudryashov Alexandr , Shevchuk Ruslan
Published: October 2020

The results of the analysis of geoecological problems of territories of long-term hydrocarbon production are presented. Based on the analysis of ground-based and remote studies, the possibilities of space data were determined during the eco-monitoring of hydrocarbon deposits. A methodological and technological scheme for assessing the risks of harming the environment is proposed. The list of tasks that can be solved using Earth remote sensing data:- control of environmental pollution by hydrocarbons (oil, gas) at different stages of the functioning of the oil and gas complex - from the search and exploitation of deposits, to the transportation, storage and processing of petroleum products;- flooding and flooding of territories of oil production by underground waters;- identification, mapping, field studies, discontinuous violations of various ranks, are ways of migration of oil and gas in the upper layers of the earth's crust;- identification and mapping of technogenic sources of gas contamination of the surface layer of the atmosphere, namely:- non-geometrical wells, oil and gas pipelines;- buried under modern sediments, pit-well houses, mines.Satellite monitoring consists of 4 stages. At the first, preliminary stage, objects of remote monitoring are determined, a base of satellite and thematic data is formed, the foundations of a future thematic GIS are laid. At the second stage, the actual detection (decryption) of objects and territories polluted with hydrocarbons is carried out. At the next, third stage, a set of field work is carried out in order to validate the research methodology and verify the data obtained using ground-based measurements.At the fourth, final stage, based on an analysis of all the information received, an assessment of the risks of dangerous situations is carried out and their possible consequences are predicted.The possibilities of assessing the risks of dangerous situations in areas of long-term hydrocarbon production according to remote sensing data are considered. A review of hazardous situations resulting from hydrocarbon production in the city of Borislav is given .; recommendations are proposed to reduce the risk of their occurrence.
Una vida para la Bioética
Authors: Taboada Paulina
Published: October 2020

El artículo tiene como objetivo rendir un homenaje al Cardenal Elio Sgreccia (D.E.P.), a través de una semblanza y un breve recorrido del itinerario intelectual que lo llevó a proponer un modelo de «bioética personalista ontológicamente fundada», por el que hoy se le conoce como su fundador y principal difusor. Se le describe como un maestro sabio y cercano, que marcó profundamente la vida de quienes trabajaron y estudiaron con él. También se pone en evidencia la relevancia de su legado, mostrando la amplia difusión que ha tenido a nivel internacional y el potencial para entrar en diálogo con otros modelos de fundamentación de la bioética.
La toma de decisiones en la atención de la salud mental: el papel del cuidador
Authors: Wilhelm Kay
Published: October 2020

Este artículo establece un marco para considerar los aspectos éticos relacionados con el tratamiento involuntario en personas con: a) una discapacidad intelectual o del desarrollo; b) un impedimento neurológico progresivo, y c) un estado mental comprometido desde el punto de vista del cuidador. Los diferentes momentos de decision de los tres grupos se describen aquí, así como los impactos potenciales en los cuidadores respecto de las decisiones de los pacientes.Mientras hay algunos aspectos de las capacidades que pueden variar entre estos grupos, otros son transversales y comunes a ellos. Es importante recalcar que todos los cuidadores requieren ser reconocidos y apoyados en las funciones que realizan. Necesitan, por ende, información basada en evidencias y de fuentes confiables sobre las opciones disponibles, para cumplir el rol queles toca y ver cómo velar por el propio cuidado de su salud y bienestar para, así, poder cuidar mejor a las personas con las que conviven.
Outcome of Surgical Treatment for Lumber Disc Herniation Causing Painful Incomplete Foot-Drop
Authors: KHAN MUSAWER , ULLAH AKRAM , AHMED ADNAN , ALI MUMTAZ , AHMAD MANSOOR
Published: October 2020

Objective:  To determine the outcome of surgical treatment for lumder disc herniation causing the painful incomplete foot drop.

Material and Methods:  This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Both Male and female patients with lumbar disc disease causing unilateral incomplete painful foot drop were included in our study. Patients with complete or painless foot drop, bilateral foot-drop, Multiple level disc prolapse, cauda equina syndrome or sciatic neuropathy due to injection injury were excluded. Patients were followed was post-operatively in terms of power in foot dorsiflexion, medical research council (MRC) grade and pain relief  on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after 1 month and then after 6 months.

Results: Total number of patients included were 43. Age was ranging from 18 years to 54 years and mean age was 33 years. Before surgery,  power of MRC grade 3 or less, but greater than 1 in dorsiflexion was noted in all patients. The pain was scaled using VAS. Post peratively, at 1 month follow up, the foot-drop improved to MRC grade 4 or 5 along with pain relief of ? 2 points on VAS in 81. 4% (n = 35) patients and at 6 month follow-up, the figure rose to 93% (n = 40).

Conclusion:  Lumbar disc disease can cause a debilitating foot-drop and pain. Improving or restoring a neurology early surgical intervention has proven benefits.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic and Histopathological Findings in the Supratentorial Brain Space Occupying Lesions
Authors: ABBAS ASAD , JAVEED FARRUKH , REHMAN LAL , AFZAL ALI , KHAIRAT RIZVI RAZA
Published: October 2020

Objective:  Diagnosis of supratentorial space occupying lesion is a frequent dilemma in neurosurgical practice. MR spectroscopy that is an advanced MR imaging sequence can prove to be decisive in such cases. The objective of the study is to determine diagnostic accuracy of MRS in differentiating supra-tentorial brain space occupying lesions taking histopathology as gold standard

Material and Methods:  The cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Neurosurgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from August 2018 to July 2019. A calculated sample size of 156 patients aged between 18-50 years after informed consent. All patients underwent MR Spectroscopy pre-operatively. Surgery was performed and histopathological findings were compared with spectroscopic findings.

Results:  The average age of the patients was 32.41 ± 10.02 years. There were 84 (53.84%) males and 72 (46.15%) females. The sensitivity of MRS was 90.69% with a specificity of 97.34%.

Conclusion:  MR Spectroscopy is an accurate diagnostic tool for establishing pre-operative differentiation between neoplastic and inflammatory lesion. It should be performed in all cases where contrast MRI is inconclusive in establishing the diagnosis.

Keywords:  , Brain Abscess, Supratentorial lesion, Brain Tumor
Outcome of Essential Tremors with Stereotactic Thalamotomy: Noble Art of Lesioning
Authors: KALHORO AURANGZEB , SALEEM ABID , ATTAR M. HASHIM ABDUL S
Published: October 2020

Objective:  Objective of study is to identify the effects of Stereotactic thalamotomy of the nucleus ventral intermediate (VIM) for treatment of essential tremor.

Material and Methods:  This is a descriptive study.It was performed at NCCI, Karachi, duration of study was 7 years, from 2-10-2012 to 7-10-2019. Those patients were included who were with tremors refractory to medication, their duration of disease was > 3 years, and with grade 4 tremors. The thalamotomy was performed in all cases, and follow-up was conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months respectively. The success of the surgery was measured in the form of a reduction in medication number and reduction in dose >50% and by calculating the Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (tetras).

Results:  Total of 26 patients were included. All patients showed remarkable improvement post-procedure at 12 month follow-up. 20 (77%) patient required no medications. In 6 (23%) patients, the dose of medication was reduced to less than half post-treatment. The tetras score showed marked improvement in all a patient; 4 (15%) patients who had grade 4 tremor, showed the symptoms of minimal tremors graded 0.5 on last visit 3rd visit. Side effect post-procedure were mild transient numbness on the contralateral side was observed in 11 (42.3%) patient, 1 (3.8%) patient had dysarthria.

Conclusion:  We concluded that stereostatic Ventral intermedius nucleus thalamotomy was effective in reducing tremor grades and improved all functionality with few mild side effects.
Surgical Outcome of Microvascular Decompression for Trigerminal Neuralgia in Terms of Pain Control Using Visual Analogue Scale
Authors: REHMAN RIAZ-UR- , NAWAZ KHAN MUHAMMAD , NASIR SIDDIQUE ATTIYA , JAMAL AKBAR
Published: October 2020

Objective:  The aim of conducting this study was to evaluate the outcome of a Micro vascular Decompression procedure for the definitive treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia in our setup.

Material and Methods:  This observational prospective study was carried out in Neurosurgery unit Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. A total of 50 patients operated for micro vascular decompression surgeries were enrolled in the study, both genders and any age were in inclusion criteria. Patients previously operated for trigeminal neuralgia were excluded from the study. Post operatively all patients were followed for 1year to calculate the outcome in terms of pain control using visual analogue score (VAS). Immediate pain relief during the first post-operative week and trigeminal neuralgia pain at 1 year post op were recorded and  graded into three categories based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) such as Excellent: 0-2 , Good: 3-6, Fail/Poor: 7 – 10.

Results:  50 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 22 were male & 28 were female with an age range from 42-78 years. Average duration of disease was 5 years. In 30 patients, clinically v2-v3 were predominantly involved, in remaining 14 patient v1-v2 were involved & only in 6 patients all three branches were involved. Among all operated 50 patients 18(36%) had excellent pain relief, 26 (52%) had good pain relief & 6 (12%) had fail/poor pain relief.

Conclusion:  From this data it was concluded that micro vascular decompression is an effective surgical procedure in relieving pain of trigeminal neuralgia in patients who are refractive to medical treatment.
IMPACT OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BURUNDI
Authors: Wu Jiying  , Niyonsaba Eric  , Blessed Kwasi Adjei
Published: October 2020

This paper investigated the impact of exports and imports on the economic growth in Burundi. To achieve this purpose, annual data for the periods between 1989 and 2018 were tested. The study used Granger Causality and Johansen Co-integration approach for long-run relationship Using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillip-Perron (PP) stationarity test, the variable proved to be integrated of the order I(1) at first difference. Johansen and Juselius Co-integration test was used to determine the presence or otherwise of a co-integrating vector in the variables. To find out the direction of causality among the variables, at least in the short-run, the Pairwise Granger Causality was carried out. Exports were found to Granger Cause imports. The results show that there is unidirectional causality between exports and imports. These results provide evidence that growth in Burundi was propelled by a growth-led import strategy as well as export-led import. Imports are thus seen as the source of economic growth in Burundi.
KEYWORDS: Co-integration, Granger causality; Exports; Imports; Economic growth, Burundi.
Computational Modelling of Glucose Uptake in the Enterocyte
Authors: Afshar Nima , Safaei Soroush , Nickerson David , Hunter Peter J. , Suresh Vinod
Published: October 2020

We describe an implemented model of glucose absorption in the enterocyte, as previously
published by Afshar et al. Afshar et al. (2019), The model used mechanistic descriptions of all
the responsible transporters and was built in the CellML framework. It was validated against
published experimental data and implemented in a modular structure which allows each individual
transporter to be edited independently from the other transport protein models. The composite
model was then used to study the role of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) and the
glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2), along with the requirement for the existence of the apical
Glut2 transporter, especially in the presence of high luminal glucose loads, in order to enhance
the absorption. Here we demonstrate the reproduction of the figures in the original paper by
using the associated model.