bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting K+‐Ionic Conductivity of Layered Oxides via Regulating P2/P3 Heterogeneity and Reciprocity for Room‐Temperature Quasi‐Solid‐State Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Yi Boqian , Jia Wanqing , Zhao Shuoqing , Savilov Serguei , Yao Shiyu , Shen Ze Xiang , Chen Gang , Wei Zhixuan , Du Fei
Published: September 2024

Solid‐state potassium metal batteries are promising candidates for grid‐scale energy storage due to their low cost, high energy density and inherent safety. However, solid state K‐ion conductors struggle with poor ionic conductivity due to the large ionic radius of K+‐ions. Herein, we report precise regulation of phase heterogeneity and reciprocity of the P2/P3‐symbiosis K0.62Mg0.54Sb0.46O2 solid electrolyte (SE) for boosting a high ionic conductivity of 1.6×10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C. The bulk ionic conducting mechanism is explored by elucidating the effect of atomic stacking mode within the layered framework on K+‐ion migration barriers. For ion diffusion at grain boundaries, the P2/P3 biphasic symbiosis property assists in tunning the SE microstructure, which crystallizes in rod‐like particles with lengths of tens of micrometers facilitating long‐distance ion transport and significantly decreasing grain boundary resistance. Potassium metal symmetric cells using the modified SE deliver excellent cycling life over 300 h at 0.1 mA cm−2 and a high critical current density of 0.68 mA cm−2. The quasi‐solid‐state potassium metal batteries (QSSKBs) coupled with two kinds of layered oxide cathodes demonstrate remarkable stability over 300 cycles, outperforming the liquid electrolyte counterparts. The QSSKB system provides a promising strategy for high‐efficiency, safe, and durable large‐scale energy storage.
Mo Migration‐Induced Crystalline to Amorphous Conversion and Formation of RuMo/NiMoO4 Heterogeneous Nanoarray for Hydrazine‐Assisted Water Splitting at Large Current Density
Authors: Chang Yanan , Kong Lingyi , Xu Dongdong , Lu Xuyun , Wang Shasha , Li Yafei , Bao Jianchun , Wang Yu , Liu Ying
Published: September 2024

Manipulating the atomic structure of the catalyst and tailoring the dissociative water‐hydrogen bonding network at the catalyst‐electrolyte interface is essential for propelling alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), but remains a great challenge. Herein, we constructed an advanced a‐RuMo/NiMoO4/NF heterogeneous electrocatalyst with amorphous RuMo alloy nanoclusters anchored to amorphous NiMoO4 skeletons on Ni foam by a heteroatom implantation strategy. Theoretical calculations and in situ Raman tests show that the amorphous and alloying structure of a‐RuMo/NiMoO4/NF not only induces the directional evolution of interfacial H2O, but also lowers the d‐band center (from −0.43 to −2.22 eV) of a‐RuMo/NiMoO4/NF, the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH*, from −1.29 to −0.06 eV), and the energy barrier of HzOR (ΔGN2(g)=1.50 eV to ΔGN2*=0.47 eV). Profiting from these favorable factors, the a‐RuMo/NiMoO4/NF exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performances, especially at large current densities, with an overpotential of 13 and 129 mV to reach 10 and 1000 mA cm−2 for HER. While for HzOR, it needs only −91 and 276 mV to deliver 10 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively. Further, the constructed a‐RuMo/NiMoO4/NF||a‐RuMo/NiMoO4/NF electrolyzer demands only 7 and 420 mV to afford 10 and 500 mA cm−2.
A Membrane‐Anchoring Self‐Assembling Peptide Allows Bioorthogonal Coupling of Type‐I AIEgens for Pyroptosis‐Induced Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ji Shenglu , Pan Tengwu , Wang Kaiyuan , Zai Weiqi , Jia Ruikang , Wang Nannan , Jia Shaorui , Ding Dan , Shi Yang
Published: September 2024

Enrichment of photosensitizers (PSs) on cancer cell membranes via bioorthogonal reactions is considered to be a very promising therapeutic modality. However, azide‐modified sugars‐based metabolic labeling processes usually lack targeting and the labeling speed is relatively slow. Moreover, it has been rarely reported that membrane‐anchoring pure type‐I PSs can induce cancer cell pyroptosis. Here, we report an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and cholecystokinin‐2 receptor (CCK2R) dual‐targeting peptide named DBCO‐pYCCK6, which can selectively and rapidly self‐assemble on cancer cell membrane, and then bioorthogonal enrich type‐I aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgen) PSs (SAIE‐N3) on the cell membrane. Upon light irradiation, the membrane‐anchoring SAIE‐N3 could effectively generate type‐I reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce gasdermin E (GSDME)‐mediated pyroptosis. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the bioorthogonal combination strategy of peptide and AIEgen PSs could significantly inhibit tumor growth, which is accompanied by CD8+ cytotoxic T cell infiltration. This work provides a novel self‐assembly peptide‐mediated bioorthogonal reaction strategy to bridge the supramolecular self‐assembly and AIE field through strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) and elucidates that pure type‐I membrane‐anchoring PSs can be used for cancer therapy via GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis.
Synthesis and Anisotropic Memristive Behavior of Borophene Nanosheets
Authors: Wu Zitong , Liang Xinchao , Liu Yi , Xu Maoping , Zhu Rui , Tai Guoan
Published: September 2024

Neuromorphic computing, marked by its parallel computational abilities and low power usage, has become pivotal in advancing artificial intelligence. However, the advancement of neuromorphic computing has faced significant obstacles due to the performance limitations of traditional memory devices struggling with high power consumption and limited reliability. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have been extensively investigated as high‐performance memristive materials, but they are often restricted by fixed memristive properties, which complicate circuit design and limit flexibility. Here, we report that multilayer borophene nanosheets represent a breakthrough material, displaying anisotropic variable memristive properties. The nanosheets, comprising semiconductor α’‐4H‐borophene sheets and metal β12‐borophene sheets, have been synthesized on aluminum foil surface through chemical vapor deposition method. The multilayer borophene nanosheets exhibit volatile memory behavior in the vertical direction and non‐volatile memory behavior in the planar direction. This innovative class of 2D nanosheets not only overcomes the limitations of conventional memory devices but also expands the potential applications of borophene‐based memories in information storage and in‐memory computing.
Corrosion Study of Current Collectors for Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Rademacher Laurin , Häcker Joachim , Blázquez J. Alberto , Nojabaee Maryam , Friedrich K. Andreas
Published: September 2024

For rechargeable magnesium batteries, chlorine‐containing electrolytes are used because chlorine species reduce the energy barrier for the intercalation process at the cathode. However, these species can cause corrosion of the cathode‐side current collectors during polarization. In this study, carbon‐coated aluminum and Nickel metal substrates, as well as a graphite foil, were investigated using Linear Sweep Voltammetry, Chronoamperometry, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to evaluate their potential as current collectors in APC electrolyte. The graphite‐based current collector withstood corrosive environments at polarization potentials up to 2 V, displaying passivating behavior comparable to platinum in Chronoamperometry measurements. During Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements, the graphite foil exhibited exceptionally high polarization resistance of at least 4.5 MΩ cm2. Combined with its low areal density of 5 mg/cm−2, this makes it an excellent current collector material for rechargeable magnesium batteries with chlorine‐containing electrolytes. In contrast, Al foil are instable towards corrosion – despite protective coatings.
Teaching experience for process identification using first‐order‐plus‐time‐delay models
Authors: Aliane Nourdine
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces an instructional framework for process identification, combining theoretical concepts with practical laboratory exercises, focusing particularly on the identification of first‐order‐plus‐time‐delay models. Our methodology emphasizes guiding students through the various stages involved in the system identification process, namely mastering techniques, such as data acquisition and preprocessing, identification and validation stages, and method comparison. The laboratory assignment is structured into three distinct stages: an initial prelab task working with simulated data, the hands‐on work with laboratory equipment, and the assignment report writing and oral presentation. The assessment of students' learning outcomes is conducted using a detailed rubric. Feedback from a focus group interview indicates that the majority of students appreciated the well‐balanced content, highlighting a strong link between theoretical concepts and practical application.
RETRACTED: LncRNA CCAT2 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer through activation of the ERK and Wnt signaling pathways by regulating GNB2 expression
Authors: Tian Jinhai , Cao Xu , Jiang Zongying , Wang Jia , Fan Wan , Zhang Shaoting , Zhao Sien , Sun Jianmin
Published: September 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and lethal tumor, with metastasis being the leading cause of mortality. Previous research has indicated that the long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) CCAT2 is involved in the regulation of various tumor progression mechanisms. However, the precise role of CCAT2 in CRC proliferation and metastasis remains ambiguous. This study seeks to elucidate the mechanisms through which CCAT2 influences CRC.

Methods

High‐throughput sequencing and RT‐qPCR were used to detect CCAT2 expression in CRC. Functional analyses including CCK8, colony formation, wound healing migration, transwell chamber, and Muse® Cell Analyzer assays were performed to study the effects of CCAT2 gene deletion on CRC cells. RNA‐pulldown and protein mass spectrometry were employed to identify the interaction between CCAT2 and GNB2 protein.

Results

Increased CCAT2 expression was found in CRC, especially in metastatic CRC. Deletion of CCAT2 gene inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis. The interaction between CCAT2 and GNB2 protein was shown to modulate GNB2 protein alterations and affect the ERK and Wnt signaling pathways, thereby promoting CRC proliferation and metastasis.

Conclusion

CCAT2 plays a crucial role in CRC progression by modulating the ERK and Wnt signaling pathways through its interaction with GNB2. These findings highlight the importance of CCAT2 as a key regulatory element in the mechanisms underlying CRC proliferation and metastasis.
A conservative approach for keratinized tissue augmentation: Report of two cases
Authors: Yadav Vikender S. , Makker Kanika , Haidrus Razia , Tewari Nitesh
Published: September 2024

Background

Free gingival graft harvested from the palate is considered the most predictable method to augment the keratinized tissue (KT). However, the anatomical limitations of the palate, and associated patient morbidity and complications restrict clinicians from performing these procedures in adolescents. Color mismatch with the native tissues resulting in poor esthetic appearance is another concern. To overcome these limitations, this article reports a surgical approach known as labial gingival graft (LGG) as an alternative to palatal graft.

Methods

Two adolescent patients presenting with absence of attached gingiva and shallow gingival recession in the mandibular incisor region were treated with LGG harvested from the labial KT of teeth adjacent to those requiring KT augmentation.

Results

The procedure was well tolerated by the patients. At the final follow‐up (3.5‐ and 2 years from baseline), a significant gain in KT with complete root coverage was achieved in both patients. Both professional and patient‐centered esthetic evaluations revealed excellent color match making the grafted area imperceptible from the adjacent mucosa.

Conclusions

The proposed technique was found to be simple and predictable, and was associated with minimal morbidity and no complications. Clinicians may consider performing LGG procedure when sufficient KT can be harvested from adjacent donor site. The selection of such techniques is of particular relevance in children who are vulnerable to complications associated with more invasive procedures.

Key points

Why are these cases new information?

To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first to present the use of labial gingival graft harvested from adjacent keratinized mucosa in adolescent patients.

What are the keys to successful management of these cases?

Proper case selection in terms of sufficient amount of keratinized tissue to harvest as labial gingival graft from adjacent teeth.

Use of smaller instruments, small‐sized needles, and sutures under magnification to minimize trauma to the tissues /graft.

Preparation of an immobile periosteal bed and suturing protocol that minimizes the dead space and ensures revascularization of graft.

What are the primary limitations to success in these cases?

A prerequisite of the presence of thick gingiva and sufficient dimensions of KT around the adjacent teeth further limits its applicability in all cases.
Comprehensive Analysis of Antioxidant Properties, GC‐MS, and FTIR Profiles of Myrica esculenta Fruit Extracts from Western East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya
Authors: Das Leena , Das Manas , Barkalita Luit M. , Borah Probodh
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the phytoconstituents of Myrica esculenta fruit extracts using various solvents, including n‐hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several phytochemicals, with the highest concentration found in the methanol extract. The total phenolic (94.5±0.96 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and flavonoid (74.27±0.29 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) contents were also highest in the methanol extract. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic) acid (ABTS), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The methanol extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity with DPPH and ABTS IC50 values of 22.27±0.98 μg/ml and 19.69±0.36 μg/ml, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid. FRAP activity was also highest in the methanol extract (87.125±0.33 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/g). Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis identified antioxidant compounds hexanedioic acid, bis(2‐ethylhexyl) ester, methyl 11,12‐octadecadienoate, and pentadecanoic acid. while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis detected functional groups such as alkenes, ketones, esters, alcohols and carboxylic acids. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract of M. esculenta fruits is a rich source of natural antioxidants, making it suitable for pharmaceutical, health, and nutritional supplements aimed at enhancing overall health.
Association of cardiorenal biomarkers with mortality in metabolic syndrome patients: A prospective cohort study from NHANES
Authors: Gao Qianyi , Jia Shuanglong , Mo Xingbo , Zhang Huan
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Approximately 20%–25% of the global adult population is affected by metabolic syndrome (MetS), highlighting its status as a major public health concern. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of cardiorenal biomarkers on mortality among patients with MetS, thus optimizing treatment strategies.

Methods

Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles between 1999 and 2004, we conducted a prospective cohort study involving 2369 participants diagnosed with MetS. We evaluated the association of cardiac and renal biomarkers with all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, employing weighted Cox proportional hazards models. Furthermore, machine learning models were used to predict mortality outcomes based on these biomarkers.

Results

Among 2369 participants in the study cohort, over a median follow‐up period of 17.1 years, 774 (32.67%) participants died, including 260 (10.98%) from CVD. The highest quartiles of cardiac biomarkers (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide [NT‐proBNP]) and renal biomarkers (beta‐2 microglobulin, [β2M]) were significantly associated with increased risks of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratios [HRs] ranging from 1.94 to 2.06) and CVD mortality (HRs up to 2.86), after adjusting for confounders. Additionally, a U‐shaped association was observed between high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (Hs‐cTnT), creatinine (Cr), and all‐cause mortality in patients with MetS. Machine learning analyses identified Hs‐cTnT, NT‐proBNP, and β2M as important predictors of mortality, with the CatBoost model showing superior performance (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.904).

Conclusion

Cardiac and renal biomarkers are significant predictors of mortality in MetS patients, with Hs‐cTnT, NT‐proBNP, and β2M emerging as crucial indicators. Further research is needed to explore intervention strategies targeting these biomarkers to improve clinical outcomes.
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using the MEMORIES mnemonic
Authors: Besin Valentinus , Humardani Farizky M.
Published: September 2024

The rising incidence and death rates linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) highlight an urgent issue. Genetic screening is celebrated as a significant advancement for its early detection capabilities, pinpointing those at risk before the emergence of symptoms. Yet, the limited availability of these technologies highlights a critical gap in widespread application. This review pivots to the potential of presymptomatic clinical assessments as a readily available, economical, and simple strategy for early detection. Traditionally, AD diagnosis relies on the late‐stage identification of cognitive deterioration, functional impairments, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, coinciding with advanced brain degeneration. Conversely, emerging research identifies early indicators preceding significant degeneration, manifesting years before clinical symptoms. We introduce a mnemonic, MEMORIES, to categorize these prodromal: Metabolism changes, Eye/visual impairments, March (refer to gait disturbances), Olfactory dysfunction, Rhythm (blood pressure and heart rate), Insensitivity of the tongue, Ears (hearing loss), and Stool alterations. Recognizing these prodromal through clinical examinations provides a valuable strategy for initiating preventative actions against brain degeneration. This approach advocates for broadening the screening lens beyond genetic screening to encompass clinical evaluations, enhancing early detection and intervention opportunities for AD.
Structure‐Activity Relationships in Supramolecular Hosts Targeting Bacterial Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) Lipids
Authors: Ojah Emmanuel O. , Gneid Hassan , Herschede Sarah R. , Busschaert Nathalie
Published: September 2024

The World Health Organization has described the antimicrobial resistance crisis as one of the top ten global public health threats. New antimicrobial agents that can fight infections caused by antimicrobial resistant pathogens are therefore needed. A potential strategy is the development of small molecules that can selectively interact with bacterial membranes (or membranes of other microbial pathogens), and thereby rapidly kill the bacteria. Here, we report the structure‐activity relationship within a group of 22 compounds that were designed to bind the bacterial lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Liposome‐based studies reveal that the lipophilicity of the compounds has the strongest effect on both the affinity and selectivity for PE. The best results were obtained for compounds with logP≈3.75, which showed a 5x–7x selectivity for bacterial PE lipids over human PC (phosphatidylcholine) lipids. Furthermore, these compounds also showed potent antibacterial activity against the Gram‐positive bacterium B. cereus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) below 10 μM, a concentration where they showed minimal hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. These results not only show the possibility of PE‐binding small molecules to function as antibiotics, but also provide guidelines for the development of compounds targeting other types of biologically relevant membrane lipids.
Selectively Extending the Curved Side of N‐Doped Hexa‐peri‐ hexabenzocoronene
Authors: Wang Di , Zhao Chunxue , Zhu Yimin , Zhang Xianyu , Wang Xinyue , An Peng
Published: September 2024

A curved nanographene, conceptually by insertion of nitrogen into a trapezoidal planar nanographene at the edge was synthesized by π‐extension of the nitrogen‐doped hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene. This N‐doped nanographene exhibited a π‐electronic concave face containing a nonaromatic azepine ring in the middle with a size of 14.0 Å length and 4.0 Å depth, which represents an unprecedented half‐side concave geometry of curved nanographene. The bent π‐extension exhibited a low degree of conjugation suggested by calculation results. Due to the unique 3D structure and electron‐rich property, this nanographene showed pronounced intermolecular charge transfer with C60.
Bis‐Squaramide‐Based [2]Rotaxane Hosts for Anion Recognition
Authors: Arun Arya , Docker Andrew , Beer Paul D.
Published: September 2024

The first examples of bis‐squaramide axle containing [2]rotaxanes linked via rigid aryl and flexible alkyl spacers synthesised using copper(I) catalysed active metal template methodology are reported. The halide and oxoanion binding properties of the [2]rotaxanes in aqueous‐organic solvent media are examined through extensive 1H‐NMR titration experiments to investigate the impact of integrating multiple squaramide motifs on the anion binding capabilities of the interlocked receptors. These studies reveal that the bis‐squaramide rotaxane host systems exhibit enhanced halide anion binding capabilities relative to a mono‐squaramide axle functionalised rotaxane, demonstrating a rare anti‐Hofmeister bias halide anion selectivity trend in aqueous‐organic mixtures and highlighting the efficacy of the potent solvent shielded hydrophobic interlocked binding pocket created upon mechanical bond formation. Notably, employing a rigid aryl linker between the two squaramide motifs in the axle component enables the rotaxane host to exhibit strong and selective binding of tetrahedral oxoanions. Conversely, a flexible alkyl spacer facilitates trigonal oxoanion selective recognition by the bis‐squaramide [2]rotaxane.
An energy‐efficient Chebyshev fire hawks optimization algorithm for energy balancing in sensor‐enabled Internet of Things
Authors: Kumbhar Pravin Yallappa , Naik Apurva Abhijit
Published: September 2024

Sensor‐enabled systems have been used successfully in agricultural, healthcare, commercial, and military application domains. Recently, there has been significant interest in the intelligent applications of sensor‐enabled technologies, particularly in the domains of smart grid, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), body area networks, and the Internet of Things (IoT). In recent research, various protocols and algorithm are developed for effective energy‐efficient routing and energy balancing. These existing models have some issues like high energy consumption and minimum network life time. In order to overcome these existing issues, a novel cluster head selection and routing mechanism in a wireless sensor network (WSN) environment is proposed. The clustering process has been formed by an enhanced Taylor kernel fuzzy C‐means algorithm (TKFC‐means). The cluster head in the group of sensor nodes has been identified based on energy and distance calculation. Finally, the routing has been performed by a novel energy‐efficient Chebyshev fire hawks optimization‐based routing protocol to route data to the edge server, which helps to balance the energy effectively. This protocol takes into account various factors, including distance, cost, residual energy, load, temperature, latency, and overall energy. The proposed model can obtain a throughput value of 82 Mbps for the sensor nodes at 500 and an end‐to‐end delay of 3.6 at 500 sensor nodes. The packet delivery ratio and loss ratio attain 96.4% and 2.7%, respectively, with 500 sensor nodes in the proposed approach. The proposed method consumes 0.45 mJ of energy with 500 nodes. From this analysis, the proposed model can obtain better results than the existing compared models.
Safety and effectiveness of additional triamcinolone acetonide with endoscopic radial incision and cutting for benign stenosis of the lower gastrointestinal tract: A pilot study
Authors: Moroi Rintaro , Nochioka Kotaro , Miyata Satoshi , Iwaki Hideya , Chiba Hirofumi , Nagai Hiroshi , Shimoyama Yusuke , Naito Takeo , Shiga Hisashi , Tosa Masaki , Kakuta Yoichi , Kayaba Shoichi , Takahashi Seiichi , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Masamune Atsushi
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Radial incision and cutting (RIC) is being investigated as an alternative endoscopic dilation method for lower intestinal tract stenosis, providing a high technical success rate and improving subjective symptoms. However, several patients develop re‐stenosis following RIC. In this pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) addition after RIC.

Methods

RIC with TA was performed in 20 patients with lower gastrointestinal tract stenosis. We evaluated the rate of adverse events 2 months after RIC with TA. We investigated the short‐ and long‐term prognoses, as well as the improvement in subjective symptoms, using a visual analog scale.

Results

The delayed bleeding rate after RIC was 23.8%. Endoscopic hemostasis was achieved in all patients with delayed bleeding. No perforations were observed. The cumulative re‐stenosis‐free, re‐intervention‐free, and surgery‐free rates 1 year after RIC were 52.9%, 63.7%, and 85.2%, respectively. Subjective symptoms, including abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, nausea, and dyschezia, significantly improved after RIC with TA.

Conclusion

Although additional TA administration after RIC could be safe, additional TA may not be effective on luminal patency after dilation. Further investigation is warranted.
Efficacy and safety of a novel polytetrafluoroethylene‐coated self‐expandable metal stent for distal malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroki , Takeda Tsuyoshi , Okamoto Takeshi , Hirai Tatsuki , Mie Takafumi , Furukawa Takaaki , Kasuga Akiyoshi , Sasaki Takashi , Ozaka Masato , Matsuda Takahisa , Igarashi Yoshinori , Sasahira Naoki
Published: September 2024

Background

Stent migration and sludge formation remain significant problems associated with covered self‐expandable metal stents (CSEMSs). The EGIS biliary stent fully covered flare type (EGIS biliary stent), a new type of polytetrafluoroethylene‐coated self‐expandable metal stent with low axial force and an anti‐migration system, was developed to overcome these disadvantages. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this stent in comparison with conventional CSEMS (c‐CSEMS).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who received initial CSEMS for distal malignant biliary obstruction. The primary outcome was time to recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO). Secondary outcomes included technical success rate, functional success rate, stent‐related adverse events, causes of RBO, and re‐intervention.

Results

A total of 40 patients were included (EGIS group: 20; c‐CSEMS group: 20). The technical and functional success rates were similar between the two groups. Stent‐related adverse event rates (20% vs. 15%, p > 0.99) and overall RBO rates (56% vs. 50%, p > 0.99) were not significantly different between the two groups. Stent migration was the most common cause of RBO in the EGIS group, while stent occlusion was in the c‐CSEMS group. The median time to RBO (102 vs. 434 days, p = 0.10) was not significantly different between the two groups. Endoscopic transpapillary re‐intervention was successful in most patients in both groups.

Conclusions

The EGIS biliary stent was not associated with a longer time to RBO compared to c‐CSEMS. Further improvements, especially against stent migration, are needed to improve its efficacy.
Unraveling connections with artificial sweeteners and their impact on human health: A comprehensive review
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Niranjana Karukayil , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Kundapur Rohan , Chaudhary Aditi , Meyyazhagnan Arun , Pappuswamy Manikantan
Published: September 2024

There is a recent trend showing an uptick in the artificial sweetener's usage, particularly the nonnourishing variety. The allure of a low‐calorie choice that lets people indulge in their sweet tooths while consuming less calories overall is what motivates this. Children's food products often contain a substantial number of artificial sweeteners due to their properties that aid in moisture retention, act as fillers, and serve as bulking agents. This article provides a comprehensive overview of artificial sweeteners and influences in human wealth. Studies have linked the use of artificial sweeteners to premature birth, highlighting the teratogenic potential of these compounds, particularly in beverages. Pregnant women who incorporate nonnutritive sweeteners into their diet during pregnancy are more likely to have children with birth defects, as indicated by studies on the subject. Artificial sweeteners should not be added to food for children because studies show that eating them while a child's body is still developing might disturb the balance of gut microbiota and cause potential problems like heart disease, stroke, and cognitive decline. The ingestion of nonnourishing sweeteners has adverse effects on the fertility of both men and women. Studies indicate that exceeding the recommended daily consumption that the FDA has set for artificial sweeteners can result in conditions of infertility for both genders. Additionally, there is a connection between the onset of cancer and the use of artificial sweeteners. Presently, a considerable amount of research relies on animal models rather than human ones, creating a notable gap in research. The limitation of extensive human model studies represents a drawback in validating results. Furthermore, there is a necessity for increased research focused on advancing techniques that can minimize the adverse effects of artificial sweeteners, making them more suitable for addressing issues related to obesity and various types of diabetes.
Production and characterization of bioemulsifier from local isolate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain JZT351: Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects
Authors: Thraeib Jaffar Z. , Altemimi Ammar B. , Al‐Manhel Alaa Jabbar Abd , Tlay Rawaa H. , Younis Mohamed Ibrahim , Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal
Published: September 2024

The widespread use and circulation of industrial emulsifiers pose significant health risks, compounded by their limited availability and high cost. Consequently, there is growing interest in exploring the potential of natural sources, such as microorganisms like yeast, for emulsifier production. In this study, 25 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from 17 distinct local sources. The yeasts were characterized based on cell shape, size, and colony morphology using yeast malt agar, followed by morphological, microscopic, and biochemical analyzes. Among the isolates, AC1 from a vinegar starter demonstrated superior bioemulsifier production. Emulsification efficiency tests revealed that AC1 exhibited values of 7.1 cm, 0.71 nm, and 34.50%, outperforming other isolates. The biomass yield was approximately 4.35 g/L. This strain was registered in the gene bank as JZT351 (OR115510) after a 100% match with S. cerevisiae. Optimal bioemulsifier production conditions for JZT351 were identified using a liquid yeast extract peptone dextrose medium, with date juice replacing 75% of the glucose, at pH 5.5, 30°C, and 72 h. The resulting emulsification activity, index, and oil displacement were 8.69 cm, 0.95 nm, and 39.7%, respectively. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) compared the functional groups of the bioemulsifier with those of conventional emulsifiers. Molecular characterization was confirmed by 1H NMR. FTIR spectra revealed bioemulsifier bands at 3443.28, 2929.34, 1656.559, 1534.09, 807.06, and 1656.55 cm−1. At 0.5–5 ppm, signals and spectral frequencies corresponded to a mannoprotein structure. The bioemulsifier exhibited 58.09% antioxidant activity at 10 mg/mL, as assessed by DPPH scavenging. It showed the highest inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the least against Candida albicans.
Locus coeruleus microstructural integrity is associated with vigilance vulnerability to sleep deprivation
Authors: Quan Peng , Mao Tianxin , Zhang Xiaocui , Wang Ruosi , Lei Hui , Wang Jieqiong , Liu Wanting , Dinges David F. , Jiang Caihong , Rao Hengyi
Published: September 2024

Insufficient sleep compromises cognitive performance, diminishes vigilance, and disrupts daily functioning in hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Despite extensive research revealing significant variability in vigilance vulnerability to sleep deprivation, the underlying mechanisms of these individual differences remain elusive. Locus coeruleus (LC) plays a crucial role in the regulation of sleep–wake cycles and has emerged as a potential marker for vigilance vulnerability to sleep deprivation. In this study, we investigate whether LC microstructural integrity, assessed by fractional anisotropy (FA) through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at baseline before sleep deprivation, can predict impaired psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) performance during sleep deprivation in a cohort of 60 healthy individuals subjected to a rigorously controlled in‐laboratory sleep study. The findings indicate that individuals with high LC FA experience less vigilance impairment from sleep deprivation compared with those with low LC FA. LC FA accounts for 10.8% of the variance in sleep‐deprived PVT lapses. Importantly, the relationship between LC FA and impaired PVT performance during sleep deprivation is anatomically specific, suggesting that LC microstructural integrity may serve as a biomarker for vigilance vulnerability to sleep loss.
Association between Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on the susceptibility to psoriasis and oxidative stress (OS) in a cohort of pediatric psoriatic patients in Sri Lanka: A cross sectional study
Authors: Udayanga S. A. K. , Seneviratne J. , Saumyamala M. G. A. , Amarasekara A. D. D. S.
Published: September 2024

Background

Pediatric psoriasis accounts for nearly one‐third of the global psoriasis burden. Multiple lines of evidence have shown the relationship between Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) Insertion (I)/deletion(D) polymorphism with psoriasis susceptibility, and oxidative stress (OS) in psoriatic patients. However, such studies, particularly on pediatric psoriasis, are scarce in the local setting.

Aims

Our study investigated the prevalence of ACE I/D polymorphism and its associations with oxidative stress in pediatric psoriasis patients in Sri Lanka.

Methods

Thirty patients were recruited for this study after obtaining ethical clearance. The polymerase chain reaction was used to explore the ACE I/D polymorphism. Serum Nitric Oxide (NO) levels and the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) were measured using the Griess assay and the FRAP assay. Clinical details were obtained from the clinic reports.

Results

Female predominance (76.67%) in pediatric psoriasis was reported, while Plaque psoriasis (66.67%) was found to be the most prevalent form. I/D was reported as the predominant genotype (66.67%) while I/I and D/D genotypes were recorded in 23.33% and 10% of patients, respectively. Significantly higher NO levels were observed in I/D patients than in I/I patients but not among other groups. No differences in TAC among ACE genotypes were reported.

Conclusion

This pilot study revealed female gender and I/D genotype with increased NO levels as risk factors for pediatric psoriasis in Sri Lanka. However, it is prudent to increase the sample size to further validate the results.
Preventive care for individuals with deep pressure ulcers in Sweden living at home: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bååth Carina , Carlsson Annika , Larsson Bodil Wilde , Sving Eva
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

Several factors exist regarding the risk for, healing and prevention of pressure ulcers (PUs). A mobile PU team with an individualized holistic approach adapted to the home or outpatient clinic setting could be beneficial for the prevention, and management of PUs.

Aims

To describe the mobile PU team's interventions among individuals who had deep PUs and were living at home. Another aim was to describe the patients' perceptions of the quality of the care and having a deep PU.

Methods

A quantitative study with a cross‐sectional design. At an outpatient clinic, a mobile PU team was established to perform and follow up PU prevention interventions and advanced wound care treatment at home and at the outpatient clinic. All adult patients with existing deep category four PUs remitted to the outpatient clinic were asked to participate, and 16 out of 24 individuals consented. Instruments used for data collection were “Quality from the Patient's Perspective,” “Wound‐Quality of Life,” “Modified Norton Scale,” and a study developed protocol for the mobile team's PU interventions.

Results

The patients chose home visits 20 times and outpatient clinic visits 89 times. In total, 8–13 interventions per participant were performed by the mobile team. The results show that having PUs affected the participants' perceptions of care and general well‐being. The PUs did not heal completely but they did improve, six patients underwent flap surgery.

Conclusion

When organizing care regarding patient safety for patients with deep PUs, it is important to consider the patient's perspective and well‐being and to involve patients in their care plans. Home care is perhaps not the only way of caring; other aspects, in addition to telemedicine, could be an option.
Machine learning approaches to predict the need for intensive care unit admission among Iranian COVID‐19 patients based on ICD‐10: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Malak Jaleh S. , Aghakhani Amirhossein , Najafi Mohammad S. , Ariannejad Hamid , Zeraati Hojjat , Yekaninejad Mir S.
Published: September 2024

Background & Aim

Timely identification of the patients requiring intensive care unit admission (ICU) could be life‐saving. We aimed to compare different machine learning algorithms to predict the requirements for ICU admission in COVID‐19 patients.

Methods

We screened all patients with COVID‐19 at six academic hospitals in Tehran comprising our study population. A total of 44,112 COVID‐19 patients (≥18 years old) were included, among which 7722 patients were hospitalized. We used a Random Forest algorithm to select significant variables. Then, prediction models were developed using the Support Vector Machine, Naıve Bayes, logistic regression, lightGBM, decision tree, and K‐Nearest Neighbor algorithms. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score, and receiver operating characteristic‐Area Under the Curve (AUC) were used to compare the prediction performance of different models.

Results

Based on random Forest, the following predictors were selected: age, cardiac disease, cough, hypertension, diabetes, influenza & pneumonia, malignancy, and nervous system disease. Age was found to have the strongest association with ICU admission among COVID‐19 patients. All six models achieved an AUC greater than 0.60. Naıve Bayes achieved the best predictive performance (AUC = 0.71).

Conclusion

Naïve Bayes and lightGBM demonstrated promising results in predicting ICU admission needs in COVID‐19 patients. Machine learning models could help quickly identify high‐risk patients upon entry and reduce mortality and morbidity among COVID‐19 patients.
Prevalence of opportunistic intestinal coccidian parasites and associated factors in HIV/AIDS patients attending anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) clinic at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Almaw Andargachew , Assefa Ayenew , Berhan Ayenew , Getahun Ermiyas , Sharew Bekele , Tiruneh Tegenaw , Getie Birhanu , Erkihun Mulat , Solomon Yenealem , Legese Biruk , Kiros Teklehaimanot , Abebaw Aynework
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

A growing number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients suffer from opportunistic intestinal coccidian infections. Instead of human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) infection itself, opportunistic infections like intestinal coccidian parasites cause death of over 80% AIDS patients. Factors like exposed drinking water sources and poverty aid the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal coccidian parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal coccidian parasites and associated factors in HIV/AIDS patients.

Methods

A health facility based cross sectional study was conducted from 140 HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinic in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia from September to December 2023. The sociodemographic characteristics were collected through face‐to‐face interviews. Stool samples were processed with Modified Acid Fast staining technique. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20 was used to analyze the data. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with dependent variable and p < 0.05 was considered significantly associated.

Results

The total prevalence of opportunistic intestinal coccidian parasites (OICPs) in HIV/AIDS patients was 16.4% (23/140). Drinking surface water [p = 0.015, COR = 3.4] compared to tape water, drinking alcohol [p = 0.001, COR = 18] compared to not drinking alcohol, diarrhea [p = 0.005, COR = 1] compared to non‐diarrheic, drug dropout [p = 0.01, COR = 11] compared to regular drug intake and low CD4 count [p = 0.042, COR = 9] compared to CD4 > 500/µL showed significant association with increased prevalence of OICPs in HIV/AIDS patients.

Conclusions

OICPs are still the common causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS patients. Surface water consumption, alcoholism, interruption of treatment drugs, diarrhea, and reduced CD4+ T‐cells significantly contribute to acquisition and prevalence of OICPs in HIV/AIDS patients. Routine screening of OICPs with sensitive diagnostic techniques in HIV/AIDS patients regardless of symptoms is crucial and has to be practiced in health settings.
Mastering nonobstetric surgery in pregnancy: Insights, guidelines evaluation, and point‐by‐point discussion
Authors: Pecorella Giovanni , Sparic Radmila , Morciano Andrea , Constantin Silviu Mihai , Babovic Ivana , de Rosa Filippo , Tinelli Andrea
Published: September 2024

For surgeons and clinicians, nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy has certain difficulties and considerations. In order to aid in decision‐making in these situations, this manuscript offers a thorough review of the guidelines currently in place from renowned obstetric and surgical societies, such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, and others. Using AGREE II‐S methodology, a comprehensive analysis of guidelines reveals differences in recommendations for anesthetics, surgical procedures, imaging modalities, and thromboembolic prophylaxis. Furthermore, a thorough discussion of strategic surgical planning is provided, covering aspects such as patient positioning, trocar placement, pneumoperitoneum generation, and thromboembolic risk management. The publication highlights that in order to maximize the results for both the mother and the fetus after nonobstetric surgery performed during pregnancy, a multidisciplinary approach and evidence‐based decision‐making are essential.
Sangerbox 2: Enhanced functionalities and update for a comprehensive clinical bioinformatics data analysis platform
Authors: Chen Di , Xu Lixia , Xing Huiwu , Shen Weitao , Song Ziguang , Li Hongjiang , Zhu Xuqiang , Li Xueyuan , Wu Lixin , Jiao Henan , Li Shuang , Yan Jing , He Yuting , Yan Dongming
Published: September 2024

In recent years, development in high‐throughput sequencing technologies has experienced an increasing application of statistics, pattern recognition, and machine learning in bioinformatics analyses. SangeBox platform to meet different scientific demands. The new version of Sangs is a widely used tool among many researchers, which encourages us to continuously improve the plerBox 2 (http://vip.sangerbox.com) and extends and optimizes the functions of interactive graphics and analysis of clinical bioinformatics data. We introduced novel analytical tools such as random forests and support vector machines, as well as corresponding plotting functions. At the same time, we also optimized the performance of the platform and fixed known problems to allow users to perform data analyses more quickly and efficiently. SangerBox 2 improved the speed of analysis, reduced resource required for computer performance, and provided more analysis methods, greatly promoting the research efficiency.
Local officials' hometown preference and enterprises' environmental investment behavior
Authors: Li Na
Published: September 2024

Based on annual observations of heavily polluting enterprises of A‐share listed companies from 2012 to 2019, this paper analyzes the impact of officials' preference for enterprises' investment in environmental protection in the officials' hometowns. It is found that when the Secretary of the municipal Party Committee takes office in his or her hometown, environmental protection investment by enterprises is higher, indicating that the preference of the municipal Party Secretary for their hometown has a positive promoting effect on enterprises' environmental governance behavior. At the same time, officials' hometown preferences promote environmental investment by strengthening environmental supervision. It is further found that the longer the municipal Party Secretary works in his or her hometown, the higher his or her education level, and the older he or she is, the greater the impact of his or her hometown preference on enterprises' environmental protection investment. Compared with female Party Secretaries, male Party Secretaries have more significant influence on corporate behavior. At the same time, corporate characteristics such as enterprise scale and regional characteristics such as economic development have a certain regulatory effect on this promoting effect.