bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Lightweight Surface Reconstruction Method from Rock-Mass Point Clouds
Authors: Yu Dongbo , Xiao Jun , Wang Ying
Published: March 2022

As for rock numerical calculation and stability analysis, it is essential to build a numerical model of rock mass with concise and accurate structure information through the three-dimensional surface reconstruction of rock-mass point clouds. However, the current research on lightweight surface reconstruction of non-artificial objects is very limited. In this paper, an efficient lightweight surface reconstruction method for rock-mass point clouds is proposed. Firstly, the input point cloud is segmented to obtain the plane primitives. In this process, the recognition of texture information and the complete over-segmentation of effective information play a vital role in the high-precision segmentation of rock surfaces. Secondly, the boundaries of all planes are reorganized according to the obvious connectivity in the segmentation results, so as to realize the assembly of the model, while solving all collision problems. Finally, an integer programming model is constructed to screen the best closure scheme of each plane, thus ensuring the best outcome of the reconstruction. In this study, seven groups of natural rock-mass point clouds are used to validate the proposed method. As suggested by the experimental results, this algorithm is effective in compressing the point cloud data of rock mass, to generate a watertight numerical model that can be directly used for simulation calculation. In addition, this method has strong robustness to noise and can effectively deal with highly corrupted rock-mass point cloud data.
Spatial-Temporal Variation in Paddy Evapotranspiration in Subtropical Climate Regions Based on the SEBAL Model: A Case Study of the Ganfu Plain Irrigation System, Southern China
Authors: Wei Guangfei , Cao Jingjing , Xie Hua , Xie Hengwang , Yang Yang , Wu Conglin , Cui Yuanlai , Luo Yufeng
Published: March 2022

The surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) is a commonly used method for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) at a regional scale; however, the cloudy and rainy characteristics of subtropical monsoon regions pose a greater challenge for estimating paddy field ET based on remote sensing technology. To this end, a typical subtropical climate region in southern China (Ganfu Plain irrigation system) was selected as the study area. Subsequently, we evaluated the applicability of the SEBAL model for estimating the ET of paddy fields at the daily scale; derived the interannual variation (2000–2017) characteristics of early, middle, and late rice ET; and finally analyzed the spatial distribution patterns of rice in different hydrological years. The results demonstrated that: (1) the SEBAL model estimated ET accurately on a daily scale, with R2, NSE, and RMSE values of 0.85, 0.81, and 0.84 mm/day, respectively; (2) the ET of paddy fields in the irrigated area was higher in July and August and the interannual trend of ET of early rice was not obvious, with a declining trend observed in middle rice and late rice from 2000 to 2009, which was followed by an increasing trend from 2009 to 2017; and (3) variations in the spatial distribution of ET were significant for early and late rice at different precipitation levels and less obvious for middle rice in wet years but significant in dry years. Overall, this study verified the applicability of the SEBAL model for estimating ET in paddy fields in subtropical regions and provided a basis and reference for the rational allocation of water resources at a regional scale.
Characterizing Parent–Child Interactions in Families of Autistic Children in Late Childhood
Authors: McCauley James B. , Solomon Marjorie
Published: March 2022

Parent–child interactions are influential to a wide range of positive developmental processes in neurotypical children, yet contributions to our understanding of these interactions using observational methods in families of children on the autism spectrum are lacking. The aim of the current study is to investigate how autism symptoms might impact these interactions. We use a family discussion task to: (1) compare families of autistic children aged 8–12 years (n = 21) to families of typically developing children (n = 21, matched on age and cognitive abilities) on the observed levels of supportive and directive behaviors in the parent–child relationship, and (2) examine the associations between parent–child interaction characteristics and child functioning. Results showed no differences in the observed levels of supportive behavior exhibited by parents, but significantly less supportive behavior in autistic children compared to neurotypical children. In addition, parents of autistic children had higher levels of observed directive behavior compared to parents of neurotypical children. Levels of supportive behavior in parents and autistic children were negatively associated with child ADHD symptoms. Findings reinforce literature on younger children describing positive parenting characteristics and further rebuke historical accounts of negative parenting qualities of parents of autistic children.
Proportions of Early Specializers Varies According to Methods and Skill Level
Authors: Mosher Alexandra , Fraser-Thomas Jessica , Wilson Melissa J. , Baker Joseph
Published: March 2022

Sport researchers have warned about the lack of a clear and consistent definition of early specialization, while others have raised concerns around the validity of methods used to classify athletes as ‘specializers’. The current investigation includes two studies examining the implications of varying classification methods for exploring both specialization and early specialization in sport. Study 1 examined whether different approaches to defining and measuring specialization affected the classification of athletes throughout development and provided a ‘profile’ of the sample in terms of developmental milestones related to specialization. Results indicated the proportion of athletes classified as specializers varied depending on the method used and athletes generally met specialization milestones after the age of 12. Study 2 examined the proportions of athletes who achieved ‘elite’, ‘pre-elite’, and ‘non-elite’ status in adulthood who were early specializers as determined by different methods. Results showed the method used changed the proportion of athletes classified as specializers at each level and there was no clear advantage or disadvantage to being a specializer. Combined, these studies provide intriguing data regarding the implications of different measures for assessing specialization in young athletes.
Psychosocial and Physiological Factors Affecting Selection to Regional Age-Grade Rugby Union Squads: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Owen Julian , Owen Robin , Hughes Jessica , Leach Josh , Anderson Dior , Jones Eleri
Published: March 2022

Talent selection programmes choose athletes for talent development pathways. Currently, the set of psychosocial variables that determine talent selection in youth Rugby Union are unknown, with the literature almost exclusively focusing on physiological variables. The purpose of this study was to use a novel machine learning approach to identify the physiological and psychosocial models that predict selection to a regional age-grade rugby union team. Age-grade club rugby players (n = 104; age, 15.47 ± 0.80; U16, n = 62; U18, n = 42) were assessed for physiological and psychosocial factors during regional talent selection days. Predictive models (selected vs. non-selected) were created for forwards, backs, and across all players using Bayesian machine learning. The generated physiological models correctly classified 67.55% of all players, 70.09% of forwards, and 62.50% of backs. Greater hand-grip strength, faster 10 m and 40 m sprint, and power were common features for selection. The generated psychosocial models correctly classified 62.26% of all players, 73.66% of forwards, and 60.42% of backs. Reduced burnout, reduced emotional exhaustion, and lower reduced sense of accomplishment, were common features for selection. Selection appears to be predominantly based on greater strength, speed, and power, as well as lower athlete burnout.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Attitude Control of Quadrotor UAVs Based on the Delta Operator Framework
Authors: Zheng Bochao , Wu Yuewen , Li Hui , Chen Zhipeng
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a novel adaptive sliding-mode control algorithm is proposed for the attitude control of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) under the delta operator framework. First, the delta operator technique is used to discretize the attitude control systems of a quadrotor UAV. Then, based on the linear matrix inequality technique, a linear sliding surface is designed to ensure the asymptotical stability of the quadrotor UAV attitude control system during the sliding motion process. Second, by the estimated external disturbance using a radical basis function (RBF) neural network, an adaptive sliding-mode attitude controller is designed such that the states of the quadrotor UAV attitude systems can be driven towards the desired sliding surface, and thus the attitude control objective of the qudarotor UAV is achieved. Compared with the traditional adaptive sliding-mode control algorithm, the proposed adaptive sliding-mode control algorithm can effectively realize the attitude control of a quadrotor UAV subject to strong disturbances and couplings. Finally, comparisons of the simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the control algorithm proposed in this paper.
Implementation of Kiosk-Type System Based on Gaze Tracking for Objective Visual Function Examination
Authors: Kim Jungho , Lee Youngkeun , Lee Seunghyun , Kim Seunghun , Kwon Soonchul
Published: March 2022

To demonstrate that the near-point-of-convergence (npc) examination is performed subjectively, the visual fixation and four-prism diopter (Δ) base-out (BO) examinations can be conducted with a kiosk-type objective examination method based on gaze tracking, and can be compared with the existing method. Objective examination equipment was used to verify effectiveness. Fifteen adult men and women in their 20s and 30s (26.87 ± 3.31 years) with visual acuity of 0.8 (logMAR: 0.1, Snellen: 20/25(6/7.5)) or higher (corrected vision in the case of ametropia) underwent the npc, visual fixation, and 4 Δ BO examinations based on the existing examination method followed by the gaze-tracking-based kiosk-type examination method. Three examinations were performed, and a comparative analysis was conducted. The gaze tracking method used a method of extracting eye feature points, and it was judged that the ocular moved when the movement of 30 eye feature points at the edge of the iris was detected. In the comparison between the existing method and the kiosk-type method, there were no statistically significant differences in npc, visual fixation, and 4 Δ BO examinations. Npc examinations were performed extensively by the existing subjective method, however, it seems that these can be conducted objectively using the kiosk-type method. Visual fixation and 4 Δ BO examinations require high-examination proficiency because finely moving ocular movements need to be observed, but it is judged that examinations can be performed more easily and accurately when combined with the kiosk-type method. The symmetrical characteristics between the two test results are expected to serve as a basis for using the kiosk-type examination method in clinical practice.
Parasitic Coupling in 3D Sequential Integration: The Example of a Two-Layer 3D Pixel
Authors: Sideris Petros , Peizerat Arnaud , Batude Perrine , Sicard Gilles , Theodorou Christoforos
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of parasitic coupling effects between different electrodes for a 3D Sequential Integration circuit example comprising stacked devices. More specifically, this study is performed for a Back-Side Illuminated, 4T–APS, 3D Sequential Integration pixel with both its photodiode and Transfer Gate at the bottom tier and the other parts of the circuit on the top tier. The effects of voltage bias and 3D inter-tier contacts are studied by using TCAD simulations. Coupling-induced electrical parameter variations are compared against variations due to temperature change, revealing that these two effects can cause similar levels of readout error for the top-tier readout circuit. On the bright side, we also demonstrate that in the case of a rolling shutter pixel readout, the coupling effect becomes nearly negligible. Therefore, we estimate that the presence of an inter-tier ground plane, normally used for electrical isolation, is not strictly mandatory for Monolithic 3D pixels.
Genetic Analysis of Influenza A/H1N1pdm Strains Isolated in Bangladesh in Early 2020
Authors: Hasan Abu , Sasaki Tadahiro , Phadungsombat Juthamas , Koketsu Ritsuko , Rahim Rummana , Ara Nikhat , Biswas Suma Mita , Yonezawa Riku , Nakayama Emi E. , Rahman Mizanur , Shioda Tatsuo
Published: March 2022

Influenza is one of the most common respiratory virus infections. We analyzed hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments of viruses isolated from influenza patients who visited Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh, in early 2020 immediately before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. All of them were influenza virus type A (IAV) H1N1pdm. Sequence analysis of the HA segments of the virus strains isolated from the clinical specimens and the subsequent phylogenic analyses of the obtained sequences revealed that all of the H1N1pdm recent subclades 6B.1A5A + 187V/A, 6B.1A5A + 156K, and 6B.1A5A + 156K with K209M were already present in Bangladesh in January 2020. Molecular clock analysis results suggested that the subclade 6B.1A5A + 156K emerged in Denmark, Australia, or the United States in July 2019, while subclades 6B.1A5A + 187V/A and 6B.1A5A + 156K with K209M emerged in East Asia in April and September 2019, respectively. On the other hand, sequence analysis of NA segments showed that the viruses lacked the H275Y mutation that confers oseltamivir resistance. Since the number of influenza cases in Bangladesh is usually small between November and January, these results indicated that the IAV H1N1pdm had spread extremely rapidly without acquiring oseltamivir resistance during a time of active international flow of people before the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Stationary Electric Field in the Heliosphere and Its Possible Relation to Current Sheets
Authors: Kislov Roman A.
Published: March 2022

The nature of the large-scale electric field in the heliosphere is discussed in this paper. The electric potential along each line of the magnetic field should be constant in the ideally conductive solar wind. A high electric potential is supposed to be maintained by the rapidly flowing solar wind far from the Sun and, near the Sun, by the unipolar effect caused by the rotation of the Sun. Meanwhile, there is a discrepancy between observations and theoretical concepts. The ratio of the observed electric field and that calculated from a model employing the unipolar effect at the Sun was obtained for the 1994–2008 Ulysses data. It was found that the unipolar effect is insufficient to maintain equipotentiality of magnetic field lines throughout the heliosphere, suggesting the existence of additional sources of the electric field at the Sun. Since the strong electric field is stably observed at high heliolatitudes, its previously unknown sources may be associated with polar conic current sheets and current sheets at the edges of coronal holes.
Warm Dark Matter Galaxies with Central Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: de Vega Hector , Sanchez Norma
Published: March 2022

We generalize the Thomas–Fermi approach to galaxy structure to include central supermassive black holes and find, self-consistently and non-linearly, the gravitational potential of the galaxy plus the central black hole (BH) system. This approach naturally incorporates the quantum pressure of the fermionic warm dark matter (WDM) particles and shows its full power and clearness in the presence of supermassive black holes. We find the main galaxy and central black hole magnitudes as the halo radius rh, halo mass Mh, black hole mass MBH, velocity dispersion σ, and phase space density, with their realistic astrophysical values, masses and sizes over a wide galaxy range. The supermassive black hole masses arise naturally in this framework. Our extensive numerical calculations and detailed analytic resolution of the Thomas–Fermi equations show that in the presence of the central BH, both DM regimes—classical (Boltzmann dilute) and quantum (compact)—do necessarily co-exist generically in any galaxy, from the smaller and compact galaxies to the largest ones. The ratio R(r) of the particle wavelength to the average interparticle distance shows consistently that the transition, R≃1, from the quantum to the classical region occurs precisely at the same point rA where the chemical potential vanishes. A novel halo structure with three regions shows up: in the vicinity of the BH, WDM is always quantum in a small compact core of radius rA and nearly constant density; in the region rA<rri, the WDM gravity potential dominates, and the known halo galaxy shows up with its astrophysical size. DM is a dilute classical gas in this region. As an illustration, three representative families of galaxy plus central BH solutions are found and analyzed: small, medium and large galaxies with realistic supermassive BH masses of 105M⊙, 107M⊙ and 109M⊙, respectively. In the presence of the central BH, we find a minimum galaxy size and mass Mhmin≃107M⊙, larger (2.2233×103 times) than the one without BH, and reached at a minimal non-zero temperature Tmin. The supermassive BH heats up the DM and prevents it from becoming an exactly degenerate gas at zero temperature. Colder galaxies are smaller, and warmer galaxies are larger. Galaxies with a central black hole have large masses Mh>107M⊙>Mhmin; compact or ultracompact dwarf galaxies in the range 104M⊙<Mh<107M⊙ cannot harbor central BHs. We find novel scaling relations MBH=DMh38 and rh=CMBH43, and show that the DM galaxy scaling relations Mh=bΣ0rh2 and Mh=aσh4/Σ0 hold too in the presence of the central BH, Σ0 being the constant surface density scale over a wide galaxy range. The galaxy equation of state is derived: pressure P(r) takes huge values in the BH vicinity region and then sharply decreases entering the classical region, following consistently a self-gravitating perfect gas P(r)=σ2ρ(r) behavior.
Hidden Conformal Symmetry in Higher Derivative Dynamics for the Kerr Black Hole
Authors: Giangreco M. Puletti Valentina , Martin Victoria L.
Published: March 2022

The Kerr/CFT correspondence provides a holographic description of spinning black holes that exist in our universe and the notion of hidden conformal symmetry allows for a formulation of this correspondence that is away from extremality. In this study, we examined how hidden conformal symmetry is manifest when we consider dynamics beyond the Klein–Gordon equation through studying the analytic structure of the higher derivative equations of the motion of a massless probe scalar field on a Kerr background, using the monodromy method. Since such higher derivative dynamics appear in known examples of holographic AdS/logCFT correspondences, we investigated whether or not a Kerr/logCFT correspondence could be possible.
Prominent Efficacy of Amantadine against Human Borna Disease Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Comment on Fink et al. Amantadine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro. Viruses 2021, 13, 539
Authors: Bode Liv , Dietrich Detlef E. , Spannhuth Carsten W. , Ludwig Hanns
Published: March 2022

Amantadine (1-amino-adamantane) is a versatile antiviral compound which has been licensed for decades against influenza viruses. During the Corona pandemic, its effect to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro has been investigated. However, an in vivo oral inapplicability was concluded due to ID50 doses exceeding eight times the estimated maximum tolerable plasma levels reached by 600 mg orally daily. In contrast, amantadine has been shown to be extraordinarily efficient against human neurotropic Borna disease virus (BoDV-1), presenting with both anti-depressive and anti-viral efficacy against a placebo, achieved by a well-tolerated low oral daily dose of 200 mg amantadine.
Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) Entry into PK-15 Cells by Caveolae-Mediated Endocytosis
Authors: Li Shiqian , Xiao Dai , Zhao Yujia , Zhang Luwen , Chen Rui , Liu Weizhe , Wen Yimin , Liao Yijie , Wen Yiping , Wu Rui , Han Xinfeng , Zhao Qin , Du Senyan , Yan Qigui , Wen Xintian , Cao Sanjie , Huang Xiaobo
Published: March 2022

(1) Background: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerged enteric virus affecting pig breeding industries worldwide, and its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. (2) Methods: In this study, we preliminarily identified the endocytic pathway of PDCoV in PK-15 cells, using six chemical inhibitors (targeting clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis pathway and endosomal acidification), overexpression of dominant-negative (DN) mutants to treat PK-15 cells and proteins knockdown. (3) Results: The results revealed that PDCoV entry was not affected after treatment with chlorpromazine (CPZ), 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA)or ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), indicating that the entry of PDCoV into PK-15 cells were clathrin-, micropinocytosis-, PH-independent endocytosis. Conversely, PDCoV infection was sensitive to nystatin, dynasore and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) with reduced PDCoV internalization, indicating that entry of PDCoV into PK-15 cells was caveolae-mediated endocytosis that required dynamin and cholesterol; indirect immunofluorescence and shRNA interference further validated these results. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, PDCoV entry into PK-15 cells depends on caveolae-mediated endocytosis, which requires cholesterol and dynamin. Our finding is the first initial identification of the endocytic pathway of PDCoV in PK-15 cells, providing a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of PDCoV and the design of new antiviral targets.
The Importance of Prisons in Achieving Hepatitis C Elimination: Insights from the Australian Experience
Authors: Winter Rebecca J. , Holmes Jacinta A. , Papaluca Timothy J. , Thompson Alexander J.
Published: March 2022

Following the availability of highly effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to treat hepatitis C infection, the uptake of treatment by people living with hepatitis C rose dramatically in high- and middle-income countries but has since declined. To achieve the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2030 target to eliminate hepatitis C as a public health threat among people who inject drugs, an increase in testing and treatment is required, together with improved coverage of harm reduction interventions. The population that remains to be treated in high- and middle-income countries with high hepatitis C prevalence are among the most socially disadvantaged, including people who inject drugs and are involved in the criminal justice system, a group with disproportionate hepatitis C prevalence, compared with people in the wider community. Imprisonment provides an unrivalled opportunity for screening and treating large numbers of people for hepatitis C, who may not access mainstream health services in the community. Despite some implementation challenges, evidence of the efficacy, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of in-prison hepatitis treatment programs is increasing worldwide, and evaluations of these programs have demonstrated the capacity for treating people in high numbers. In this Perspective we argue that the scale-up of hepatitis C prevention, testing, and treatment programs in prisons, along with the investigation of new and adapted approaches, is critical to achieving WHO elimination goals in many regions; the Australian experience is highlighted as a case example. We conclude by discussing opportunities to improve access to prevention, testing, and treatment for people in prison and other justice-involved populations, including harnessing the changed practices brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effect of Different Adjuvants on Immune Responses Elicited by Protein-Based Subunit Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Delta Variant
Authors: Zhang Naru , Ji Qianting , Liu Zezhong , Tang Kaiming , Xie Yubin , Li Kangchen , Zhou Jie , Li Sisi , Shang Haotian , Shi Zecan , Zheng Tianyu , Yao Jiawei , Lu Lu , Yuan Shuofeng , Jiang Shibo
Published: March 2022

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become more serious because of the continuous emergence of variants of concern (VOC), thus calling for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines with greater efficacy. Adjuvants play important roles in enhancing the immunogenicity of protein-based subunit vaccines. In this study, we compared the effect of three adjuvants, including aluminum, nanoparticle manganese and MF59, on the immunogenicity of three protein-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates, including RBD-Fc, RBD and S-trimer. We found that the nanoparticle manganese adjuvant elicited the highest titers of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a, as well as neutralizing antibodies against infection by pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 and its Delta variant. What is more, the nanoparticle manganese adjuvant effectively reduced the viral load of the authentic SARS-CoV-2 and Delta variant in the cell culture supernatants. These results suggest that nanoparticle manganese, known to facilitate cGAS-STING activation, is an optimal adjuvant for protein-based COVID-19 subunit vaccines.
In-Flight Transmission of a SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.617.2 Harbouring the Rare S:E484Q Immune Escape Mutation
Authors: Martinell Mats , Andersson Tanja , Mannsverk Steinar Smørholm , Bergholm Julia , Ellström Patrik , Hill Anna , Lindh Johan , Kaden Rene
Published: March 2022

We describe a flight-associated infection scenario of seven individuals with a B.1.617.2 (Delta) lineage, harbouring an S:E484Q point mutation. In Sweden, at least 10% of all positive SARS-CoV-2 samples were sequenced in each county; the B.1.717.2 + S:E484Q combination was not detected in Sweden before and was imported within the scenario described in this report. The high transmission rate of the delta lineage combined with the S:E484Q mutation, associated with immune escape in other lineages, makes this specific genetic combination a possible threat to the global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Even within the Omicron wave, the B.1.617.2 + S:E484Q variant appeared in community samples in Sweden, as it seems that this combination has an evolutionary gain compared to other B.1.617.2 lineages. The here described genomic combination was not detectable with the common fasta file-based Pango-lineage analysis, hence increasing the probability of the true global prevalence to be higher.
COVID-19 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Israeli Experience
Authors: Lichtenstein Lev , Koslowsky Benjamin , Ben Ya’acov Ami , Avni-Biron Irit , Ovadia Baruch , Ben-Bassat Ofer , Naftali Timna , Kopylov Uri , Haberman Yael , Eran Hagar , Eliakim Rami , Lahat-Zok Adi , Hirsch Ayal , Zittan Eran , Maharshak Nitsan , Waterman Matti , Israeli Eran , Goren Idan , Ollech Jacob , Yanai Henit , Ungar Bella , Avidan Benjamin , Ben Hur Dana , Melamud Bernardo , Segol Ori , Shalem Zippora , Dotan Iris , Odes Selwyn , Ben-Horin Shomron , Snir Yf’at , Milgrom Yael , Broide Efrat , Goldin Eran , Delgado Shmuel , Ron Yulia , Cohen Nathaniel , Maoz Eran , Zborovsky Maya , Odeh Safwat , Abu Freha Naim , Shachar Eyal , Chowers Yehuda , Engel Tal , Reiss-Mintz Hila , Segal Arie , Zinger Adar , Bar-Gil Shitrit Ariella
Published: March 2022

Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affecting millions of people worldwide. IBD therapies, designed for continuous immune suppression, often render patients more susceptible to infections. The effect of the immune suppression on the risk of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is not fully determined yet. Objective: To describe COVID-19 characteristics and outcomes and to evaluate the association between IBD phenotypes, infection outcomes and immunomodulatory therapies. Methods: In this multi-center study, we prospectively followed IBD patients with proven COVID-19. De-identified data from medical charts were collected including age, gender, IBD type, IBD clinical activity, IBD treatments, comorbidities, symptoms and outcomes of COVID-19. A multivariable regression model was used to examine the effect of immunosuppressant drugs on the risk of infection by COVID-19 and the outcomes. Results: Of 144 IBD patients, 104 (72%) were CD and 40 (28%) were UC. Mean age was 32.2 ± 12.6 years. No mortalities were reported. In total, 94 patients (65.3%) received biologic therapy. Of them, 51 (54%) at escalated doses, 10 (11%) in combination with immunomodulators and 9 (10%) with concomitant corticosteroids. Disease location, behavior and activity did not correlate with the severity of COVID-19. Biologics as monotherapy or with immunomodulators or corticosteroids were not associated with more severe infection. On the contrary, patients receiving biologics had significantly milder infection course (p = 0.001) and were less likely to be hospitalized (p = 0.001). Treatment was postponed in 34.7% of patients until recovery from COVID-19, without consequent exacerbation. Conclusion: We did not witness aggravated COVID-19 outcomes in patients with IBD. Patients treated with biologics had a favorable outcome.
Molecular Markers in Urinary Bladder Cancer: Applications for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy
Authors: Rasteiro Ana Mafalda , Sá e Lemos Eva , Oliveira Paula A. , Gil da Costa Rui M.
Published: March 2022

Cancer of the urinary bladder is a neoplasm with considerable importance in veterinary medicine, given its high incidence in several domestic animal species and its life-threatening character. Bladder cancer in companion animals shows a complex and still poorly understood biopathology, and this lack of knowledge has limited therapeutic progress over the years. Even so, important advances concerning the identification of tumour markers with clinical applications at the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic levels have recently been made, for example, the identification of pathological BRAF mutations. Those advances are now facilitating the introduction of targeted therapies. The present review will address such advances, focusing on small animal oncology and providing the reader with an update on this field. When appropriate, comparisons will be drawn with bladder cancer in human patients, as well as with experimental models of the disease.
Investigating the Relationship between Coupling Forces and Hand-Transmitted Vibration under Varying Excitation Levels
Authors: Lin Hansheng , Boileau Paul-Emile , Jiang Yongjian , Yan Maosheng , Xiao Bin
Published: March 2022

In this study, the vibration total value of the acceleration transmitted to the wrist and elbow was measured in the laboratory with a group of 13 male subjects holding a cylindrical handle while modifying the coupling force under varying levels of vibration. The results were used to establish the relationship between hand-transmitted vibration and coupling forces and to compare with the relations proposed as part of an ISO Technical Specification, ISO/TS 15230-2. This was done to determine the suitability of the proposed relationships when variations are introduced on the level of vibration on the handle. While tracing back the origins of the relations proposed in ISO/TS 15230-2, this paper further brings in evidence of the importance of considering the role of coupling forces when evaluating the exposure to hand-transmitted vibration and provides additional evidence to support the relationships which are proposed as part of the ISO Technical Specification. Irrespective of the level of broadband random vibration excitation considered, the agreement with these relationships was found to be best when setting the reference coupling force at 50, 75, 100 and 125 N and whenever the coupling forces applied on the handle were maintained below 150 N.
Upland Rootzone Soil Water Deficit Regulates Streamflow in a Catchment Dominated by North American Tallgrass Prairie
Authors: Patrignani Andres , Parker Nathaniel , Cominelli Sofia
Published: March 2022

Intermittent tallgrass prairie streams depend on surface runoff and are highly susceptible to hydrological disturbances such as droughts. The objective of this study was to investigate the timing of intermittent streamflow pulses and upstream rootzone soil water deficit in a watershed dominated by tallgrass prairie. The study was conducted from July to December 2021 in the Kings Creek watershed located within the Konza Prairie Biological station, Kansas, USA. Hourly precipitation and soil moisture observations in the 0–10, 10–30, and 30–50 cm depth were obtained from a hydrological network consisting of 16 monitoring stations across the Kings Creek watershed. Rootzone soil water storage (S) was computed at hourly time steps as the sum of the soil water storage of each soil layer. A drained upper limit (DUL) was estimated as the soil moisture remaining 24 h after the soil had been thoroughly wetted during large (~100 mm) rainfall events. A lower limit (LL) was estimated as the lowest rootzone soil water storage during the study period. Hourly soil water deficit (D) was computed as D = (DUL − S)/(DUL − LL). The study period had 19 precipitation events totaling 436 mm, and only 14 out of the 19 precipitation events exceeded a common canopy and litter interception threshold of 4 mm for tallgrass prairies in this region. Only two precipitation events resulted in measurable streamflow, and the inception of these two streamflow events was associated with a negative weighted soil water deficit (i.e., S > DUL). This pilot study revealed that upland rootzone soil water deficit plays a major role controlling the timing of streamflow in the Kings Creek watershed and possibly in other catchment areas with intermittent prairie streams.
Introduction to the Special Issue “Ecohydrologic Feedbacks between Vegetation, Soil, and Climate”
Authors: Williams C. Jason , Nouwakpo S. Kossi
Published: March 2022

Vegetation transitions on arid and semi-arid landscapes present unique opportunities for examining structural and functional (pattern and process) ecohydrologic feedbacks that regulate site ecological resilience [...]
Introducing State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Technique for Gap-Filling of Eddy Covariance Crop Evapotranspiration Data
Authors: Fine Lior , Richard Antoine , Tanny Josef , Pradalier Cedric , Rosa Rafael , Rozenstein Offer
Published: March 2022

Gaps often occur in eddy covariance flux measurements, leading to data loss and necessitating accurate gap-filling. Furthermore, gaps in evapotranspiration (ET) measurements of annual field crops are particularly challenging to fill because crops undergo rapid change over a short season. In this study, an innovative deep learning (DL) gap-filling method was tested on a database comprising six datasets from different crops (cotton, tomato, and wheat). For various gap scenarios, the performance of the method was compared with the common gap-filling technique, marginal distribution sampling (MDS), which is based on lookup tables. Furthermore, a predictor importance analysis was performed to evaluate the importance of the different meteorological inputs in estimating ET. On the half-hourly time scale, the deep learning method showed a significant 13.5% decrease in nRMSE (normalized root mean square error) throughout all datasets and gap durations. A substantially smaller standard deviation of mean nRMSE, compared with marginal distribution sampling, was also observed. On the whole-gap time scale (half a day to six days), average nMBE (normalized mean bias error) was similar to that of MDS, whereas standard deviation was improved. Using only air temperature and relative humidity as input variables provided an RMSE that was significantly smaller than that resulting from the MDS method. These results suggest that the deep learning method developed here is reliable and more consistent than the standard gap-filling method and thereby demonstrates the potential of advanced deep learning techniques for improving dynamic time series modeling.
Assessment of Sponge City Flood Control Capacity According to Rainfall Pattern Using a Numerical Model after Muti-Source Validation
Authors: Li Haichao , Ishidaira Hiroshi , Wei Yanqi , Souma Kazuyoshi , Magome Jun
Published: March 2022

Urban floods are a common urban disaster that threaten the economy and development of cities. Sponge cities can improve flood resistance ability and reduce floods by setting low-impact development measures (LID). Evaluating flood reduction benefits is the basic link in the construction of sponge cities. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate the benefits of sponge cities from the perspective of different rain patterns. In this study, we investigated the urban runoff of various rainfall patterns in Mianyang city using the Strom Water Management Model (SWMM). We employed 2–100-year return periods and three different temporal rainfall downscaling methods to evaluate rain patterns and simulate urban runoff in Mianyang, with and without the implementation of sponge city measures. After calibration, model performance was validated using multi-source data concerning flood peaks and inter-annual variations in flood magnitude. Notably, the effects of peak rainfall patterns on historical floods were generally greater than the effects of synthetic rainfalls generated by temporal downscaling. Compared to the rainfall patterns of historical flood events, the flood protection capacities of sponge cities can be easily overestimated when using the synthetic rainfall patterns generated by temporal downscaling. Overall, an earlier flood peak was associated with better flood sponge city protection capacity. In this context, the results obtained in this study provide useful reference information about the impact of rainfall pattern on urban flood control by LID, and can be used for sponge city design in other part of China.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, AKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI MODAL KERJA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS SEKTOR INFRASTRUKTUR, UTILITAS DAN TRANSPORTASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: - Puti Ayu Sriwananda , - Emianti Situmorang , - Puja Madwi , - Yenni Aprilia Sari , - Januardin
Published: March 2022

The object of this study was to analyze the effect of Capital Structure, Activities and Working Capital Efficiency on the Profitability of the Infrastructure, Utilities and Transportation sectors in the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 Period. This research was conducted on 79 companies. There are 19 samples with purposive sampling technique. From the results of the analysis. known phenomena at PT. Samudera Indonesia total debt in 2014-2015 has decreased but net income has also decreased. In the State Gas Company (Persero), total assets in 2014-2015 experienced an increase but their net income decreased. And in the Indonesian telecommunications company sales in 2017-2018 have increased but their net profit has decreased. This phenomenon is not in accordance with the prevailing theory. The method for testing classical assumptions is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of the simultaneous study of Capital Structure, Activities and Working Capital Efficiency together have a significant positive effect on profitability. Partially, the Capital Structure and Activities have a significant positive effect on profitability, while the efficiency of working capital has a significant negative effect on profitability. Based on the results of the analysis it is suggested that companies maintain the Capital Structure and Activities of the company and be more efficient in managing Working Capital.
ANALISIS PENGARUH ORIENTASI BELANJA DAN KEPERCAYAAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP MINAT BELI
Authors: Siahaan Sabda Dian Nurani , Sitompul Haryani Pratiwi
Published: March 2022

The development of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) is currently being welcomed by the Indonesian through the growing development of digital businesses. The increasing of digital businesses nowadays must be followed by a business competition strategy, example: online shops. Therefore an analysis of the factors that impact the consumer buying interest in online shopping was needed. Thus this study aims to determine the effect of Shopping Orientation and Consumer Confidence on Consumer Buying Interest. The method used in this research is quantitative research methods. The population in this study were students of the Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Medan and the sample used was 205 people by using purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique was using a questionnaire and the data analysis method was multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the research results, it is found that (1) Shopping Orientation has a positive and significant effect on Buying Interest, (2) Consumer Trust has a positive and significant effect on Buying Interest and (3) Shopping Orientation and Consumer Trust simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Buying Interest.
Seins pendants. Histoire d’une curiosité des Amériques entre allégorie et science / Sagging Breasts. The History of an American Oddity between Allegory and Science
Authors: Petrella Sara
Published: March 2022

La femme aux seins pendants est l’un des motifs iconographiques les plus célèbres de la littérature de voyage dans les Amériques du XVIe siècle, en partie grâce à Bernadette Bucher qui lui a consacré un livre entier. Cet article propose d’en renouveler l’étude en l’inscrivant dans une histoire du livre illustré et de la gravure. Il s’agira de pointer les modalités de constitution de cette figure, de l’invention d’allégories laides au XVe siècle à la diffusion de dictionnaires d’iconologie aux XVIe -XVIIe siècles, pour en arriver à l’étude des «sciences » au

XVIIIe siècle, des religions d’un côté et naturelles de l’autre. Le but est d’en ouvrir l’analyse à une perspective globale qui tienne compte des interactions entre Europe, Amériques et Afrique subsaharienne au moment de la redéfinition des frontières coloniales au XVIIIe siècle.
Classic and Novel Mechanisms of Diuretic Resistance in Cardiorenal Syndrome
Authors: Cox Zachary L. , Rao Veena S. , Testani Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2022

Despite the incompletely understood multiple etiologies and underlying mechanisms, cardiorenal syndrome is characterized by decreased glomerular filtration and sodium avidity. The underlying level of renal sodium avidity is of primary importance in driving a congested heart failure phenotype and ultimately determining the response to diuretic therapy. Historically, mechanisms of kidney sodium avidity and resultant diuretic resistance were primarily extrapolated to cardiorenal syndrome from non–heart failure populations. Yet, the mechanisms appear to differ between these populations. Recent literature in acute decompensated heart failure has refuted several classically accepted diuretic resistance mechanisms and reshaped how we conceptualize diuretic resistance mechanisms in cardiorenal syndrome. Herein, we propose an anatomically based categorization of diuretic resistance mechanisms to establish the relative importance of specific transporters and translate findings toward therapeutic strategies. Within this categorical structure, we discuss classic and novel mechanisms of diuretic resistance.
A weighty issue: The implications of an ultrasound prediction of a large baby in pregnancy
Authors:   , Baddington Cara
Published: March 2022

Ultrasound scans are an increasingly normalised part of pregnancy in Aotearoa New Zealand. In the third trimester, fetal measurements and weight estimations are undertaken at all scans, regardless of clinical indication. Even though these size predictions can be inaccurate, they heavily influence clinical decision-making. As a result, people with a scan prediction of a large baby may be more likely to have unnecessary interventions that do not improve outcomes, irrespective of the baby’s actual birthweight. My study aimed to explore the implications of an ultrasound prediction of a large baby on birthing people’s perceptions and experiences of their pregnancies and births, including their birth choices and relationships with caregivers. The study was underpinned by feminist poststructural theory, which is interested in the exposure of apparently fixed truths as socially and politically situated, and the creation of possibility for different ways of knowing and being through the deconstruction of those fixed truths. This focus was consonant with the objectives of my work: to expose the current apparent truths and practices about large babies and birth as the products of dominant medical discourse, and then set about disturbing them and creating space for a midwifery and women-centred narrative of fetal growth. In conducting the study, I carried out semi-structured interviews with people who had experienced a large baby prediction in pregnancy. I then analysed the data using reflexive thematic analysis. My analysis identified three overarching themes. The first described the two dominant medicalising discourses that prioritised surveillance and risk-centric care, and problematised large babies. The second identified the oppressive effects that engagement with these discourses had, including women experiencing fear, guilt, and a loss of control as they were directed on high intervention care pathways. The third explored the ways that women attempted to resist the oppressive effects of dominant discourse by privileging women’s ways of knowing, trusting their bodies to grow and birth normally, and seeking to gain control of decision-making about their experience. My findings demonstrated the negative impact that a large baby prediction had on women’s experiences and care pathways and identified opportunities for those women to challenge the problematisation of predicted large babies. The importance of a supportive midwifery relationship to these resistances was clear. The role of midwives in partnering with women to challenge medical meanings and practices related to large babies is affirmed as a key finding in this research.
Savunma Sanayinde Çalışan Bireylerin Stres Düzeyleri, Besin Neofobisi ve Akdeniz Diyetine Uyumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Damla , TOPAL Gülsüm Gizem , SEVİM Sümeyra , KIZIL Mevlüde
Published: March 2022

Giriş ve Amaç: Stres besin tercihleri ve beslenme alışkanlıklarını etkileyen önemli bir faktördür. Bu çalışma savunma sanayinde çalışan bireylerin algılanan stres düzeyleri, besin neofobisi ve Akdeniz diyetine uyumlarının incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ankara’da faaliyet gösteren savunma sanayi kuruluşlarında çalışan 93 erkek 26 kadın olmak üzere toplam 119 yetişkin birey dahil edilmiştir. Çevrimiçi anket formu aracılığıyla katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, antropometrik ölçüm beyanları, algılanan stres ve besin neofobisi düzeyleri ve Akdeniz diyetine bağlılıkları sorgulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Bireylerin algılanan stres düzeyleri erkeklerde 15,0±4,2, kadınlarda 16,7±2,98 puan (p>0,05) olmak üzere ortalama 15,4±4,04 olarak saptanmıştır. Bireylerin besin neofobisi skorları ortalama 36,5±10,66 puan (Erkeklerde 37,1±10,07; kadınlarda 34,1±12,51 puan), Akdeniz diyetine uyum skorları ortalama 6,1±2,04 puan (Erkeklerde 5,9±2,02; kadınlarda 6,6±2,06; puan) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bireylerin besin neofobisi düzeylerine göre algılanan stres düzeyleri ve Akdeniz diyetlerine uyumları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p>0,05).

Sonuç: Bu çalışmada savunma sanayinde çalışan bireylerin algılanan stres düzeyleri, besin neofobisi ve Akdeniz diyetine uyumları arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmemiştir.