bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol use as a predictor of intimate partner violence in emerging adulthood: A dyadic daily diary investigation
Authors: Shorey Ryan C. , Dunsiger Shira I. , Stuart Gregory L.
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Numerous studies have demonstrated that alcohol preceded and increased the odds of intimate partner violence (IPV). These prior studies were restricted to one dyad member despite theory suggesting that acute alcohol use by both partners should increase the risk for IPV to a greater degree than when only one partner drinks. We hypothesized that alcohol use by both dyad members, relative to one or no dyad members, would proximally precede and increase the odds of IPV perpetration and victimization.

Design

A 60‐day daily diary design was used, where both dyad members of dating couples completed independent reports on IPV perpetration/victimization and alcohol use via a secure survey website.

Setting and Participants

Alcohol using college‐student couples, aged 18–25 (n = 181 couples), from a Midwestern university in the United States participated. A convenience sample strategy was used.

Measurements

Daily surveys asked about alcohol use and IPV perpetration and victimization the prior day, including whether alcohol use preceded or followed IPV. The primary outcome was psychological IPV; secondary outcomes were physical and sexual IPV.

Findings

Longitudinal random effects models suggested statistically significant associations between drinking behavior and IPV outcomes. The odds of psychological IPV perpetration were higher when both partners were drinking relative to one partner drinking [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.99]. Exploratory analyses showed some indication that the odds of physical IPV victimization were higher when both partners were drinking relative to one partner drinking (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.71–4.21).

Conclusions

The risk for intimate partner violence appears to be greater when both partners drink, relative to one partner or neither partner.
Associations between dual‐task walking and cognitive impairment in people attending a cognitive diagnostic clinic
Authors: Callisaya Michele L. , Piguet Olivier , Munroe Melinda , De Araújo Rodrigo C. , O'Bree Bridget , Srikanth Velandai K.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Dual‐task walking performance is an early marker of dementia. However, there is uncertainty about which measure of the dual‐task test is a better marker. The objective of this study was to determine which dual‐task measure best differentiates between normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Methods

Participants (n = 116) were aged ≥60 years attending a cognitive clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Single‐ and dual‐task gait speed were obtained using a 16 metre distance and stopwatch. The cognitive task involved reciting alternate letters of the alphabet sitting and walking. Dual‐task interference in gait and cognition was calculated as: single‐task‐dual‐task/single task × 100 and summed to obtain total interference. Multiple linear regression was used to determine differences in single and dual‐task measures between those with no cognitive impairment (n = 11), MCI (n = 54) and dementia (n = 51).

Results

The mean age of the sample was 76.9 (SD 6.4) years and 48.3% (n = 56) were female. Compared to those with dementia: (a) those with MCI had a higher dual‐task letter rate and lower cognitive and total interference (all indicate better performance) (p < .05) and (b) those with no cognitive impairment had a higher single‐ and dual‐task letter rate (both indicate better performance) (p < .05). There were no differences between those with no cognitive impairment and those with MCI (all p > .05).

Conclusions

In a cognitive clinic, measurement during dual‐task walking differentiated those with dementia from those with MCI or no cognitive impairment. However, differences appear to be driven by performance on the cognitive, rather than the gait task.
The disease burden of untreated chronic otitis media in Indigenous children from remote communities does not improve over time. A longitudinal study
Authors: Watson Abigail C. , Voyvodic Benjamin , Woods Charmaine , Sanchez Linnett , Carney A. Simon
Published: October 2024

Background

In Australia, middle ear disease disproportionately affects Indigenous children, leading to poor hearing outcomes. This study aimed to determine the natural history of untreated chronic otitis media in Indigenous children in remote South Australia.

Methods

Baseline and 3 year follow‐up data was collected from Indigenous children aged 5–18 years living on the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. 4‐frequency pure‐tone audiometry was used to determine hearing levels. Middle ear pathology was determined by video‐otoscopy with tympanometry and classified at baseline as group 1 (normal), group 2 (abnormal with intact tympanic membrane), or group 3 (perforated tympanic membrane).

Results

A total of 253 children were included in this study. Children in group 1 (20.6 ± 1.5 dBHL; Mean ± SD) had significantly better hearing outcomes at 3 year follow‐up than children with abnormal ears (groups 2 and 3) (23.8 ± 7.0 dBHL), P < 0.001. The difference was greatest for group 1 versus 3 (27.6 ± 8.4 dBHL), P < 0.001, followed by 1 versus 2 (22.4 ± 5.8 dBHL), P = 0.009, and between 2 (22.4 ± 5.8 dBHL) and 3 (27.6 ± 8.4 dBHL), P < 0.001.

Conclusion

Hearing in Indigenous children with untreated middle ear pathology remains poor at follow‐up compared to those without pathology. Intervention is therefore critical to prevent persisting poor hearing outcomes.
Resolution versus persistence of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome—A population‐based study
Authors: Gurevich Evgenia , Abeles Odeyah , Landau Daniel
Published: October 2024

Aim

To determine the duration of relapsing childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS).

Methods

In this population‐based study, we retrospectively analysed the computerised database of Israel's largest health maintenance organisation. Children (age 2–10 years) with a new INS diagnosis and a corticosteroid (CS) prescription between 2000 and 2010 were included. NS category was determined, according to CS and/or steroid‐sparing agents (SSA) purchases.

Results

Out of 1 669 977 eligible children, 608 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Patients in the fourth quartile of purchases (n = 132) had an older age at last relapse (17.9 ± 6.3 vs. 11.3 ± 5.9 years, p < 0.001) and more SSA use (78.8% vs. 20%, p < 0.001) compared to the remaining three quartiles. A single episode occurred in 84 patients. Of the remaining 524 patients (males 66%, diagnosis age: 4.8 ± 2.2 years, SSA prescribed: 35%) who were followed for 15.5 ± 5.1 years, 113 (21.6%) had a continuing disease at an age of 19.3 ± 6.3 years. The leftover 411 entered long‐lasting treatment‐free remission at age 11.2 ± 5.7 years.

Conclusion

In this multicentre study, we identified INS disease course by medication delivery. NS long‐standing remission occurs at age 11.2 ± 5.7 years in most cases. However, the disease continues into adulthood in a fifth of the relapsing patients, implicating the need for proper transition to adult care.
Stability of subjective well‐being during the economic crisis: A four‐wave latent transition analysis in a national sample of Poles
Authors: Rzeszutek Marcin , Czerwonka Monika , Stasiak Adrianna , Drabarek Katarzyna , Van Hoy Angelika , Pięta‐Lendzion Małgorzata , Gruszczyńska Ewa
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to examine profiles of subjective well‐being (SWB) and their stability during the economic hardships associated with the long‐term impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Selected sociodemographic, personality, and context‐related variables were tested as covariates. Data were collected from 1755 participants (mean age 45.75 ± 15.99 years) in a nationwide panel over four waves (from November 2022 to June 2023; 34.3% dropout rate). SWB was measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, while personality traits were assessed with the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory. Latent profile and transition analyses identified four SWB profiles (ambivalent, average, low, high) that remained stable over 8 months despite a significant drop in the inflation rate. Subjectively evaluated financial situation and the perceived impact of inflation on the household were significant covariates of profile membership, even after controlling for personality traits. The results of this study support the set‐point theory of SWB and suggest that SWB is stable under socially shared circumstances of economic hardships, which may be attributed to both individual‐level and country‐level processes.
Regulation of endotoxemia through the gut microbiota: The role of the Mediterranean diet and its components
Authors: Kong Jing , Yang Juan , He Cong , Zhou Bingduo , Fang Shengquan , Salinas Manisha , Mohabbat Arya B. , Bauer Brent A. , Wang Xiaosu
Published: October 2024

Endotoxemia is closely related to many diseases. As the largest endotoxin reservoir in the human body, the gut microbiota should be a key target for alleviating endotoxemia. The intestinal microbiota is believed to cause endotoxemia directly or indirectly by modifying the intestinal barrier function through dysbiosis, changing intestinal mucosal permeability and bacterial translocation. Diet is known to be the main environmental factor affecting the intestinal microbiota, and different diets and food components have a large impact on the gut microbiota. The Mediterranean diet, which received much attention in recent years, is believed to be able to regulate the gut microbiota, thereby maintaining the function of the intestinal barrier and alleviating endotoxemia. In this review, we focus on the relationship between the gut microbiota and endotoxemia, and how the Mediterranean dietary (MD) pattern can interfere with endotoxemia through the gut microbiota.
Editorial: Re‐Evaluating Early Surgery in Ileocaecal Crohn's Disease. Author's Reply
Authors: Grellier Nathan , Kirchgesner Julien , Seksik Philippe
Published: October 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Grellier et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18247 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18290.
Clinical hypothyroidism in a cat associated with sulfonamide administration for the management of intracranial nocardiosis
Authors: Halman CF , Gavaghan BJ , Korman RM
Published: October 2024

A 2‐year‐old cat was referred for suspected generalised seizure activity and reclusive behaviour, with a history of non‐resolving facial abscess. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a contrast enhancing lesion occupying the left calvarium and adjacent peripheral tissues. The intracranial lesion was causing significant mass effect, with oedema and transtentorial herniation. Nocardia nova was isolated from the lesion and identified by DNA sequencing. Treatment consisted of debridement via craniotomy and ventral bulla osteotomy, and combination antibiotic therapy with clarithromycin, amoxycillin and trimethoprim‐sulfonamide (sulfadoxine parenterally, then sulfadiazine orally). After several weeks of antibiotic therapy, the cat developed weakness, bicavitary effusion, myxoedema, non‐regenerative anaemia and azotaemia. Total thyroxine (TT4) was below the detectable limit and canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) assay was markedly elevated at 7.53 ng/mL (reference interval 0.15–0.3 ng/mL). Discontinuation of sulfonamides and administration of levothyroxine resulted in resolution of clinical signs. The cat was subsequently able to discontinue levothyroxine, with recovery of euthyroid state. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of clinical hypothyroidism in a cat treated with sulfonamide antibiotics and may influence antimicrobial selection and monitoring during therapy. This report also described the management of an atypical presentation of nocardiosis with intracranial extension.
The effect of apparent Police power at demonstrations against right‐wing populism on Protestors' resistance using a virtual reality experiment
Authors: Becker Julia C. , Hartwich Lea , Radke Helena R. M.
Published: October 2024

Based on the Elaborated Social Identity Model of Crowd Behaviour, we tested in two experiments whether a forceful display of police power increases perceptions of illegitimacy of the police and the formation of resistance among protestors. In the high power condition, the police were dressed in riot gear (with helmets, armed with shields and batons). In the low power condition, the police were dressed in regular uniforms. In both studies, people participated in a demonstration against right‐wing populism using a virtual reality setting and were either stopped by the police in riot gear or by the police in regular uniforms. The results of Study 1 (N = 155) show that the police in riot gear were evaluated as more illegitimate compared to the police in normal clothing. The results of Study 2 (N = 97) replicated this finding and illustrated that police in riot gear (compared to regular uniforms) increased protestors' intentions to engage in direct resistance against the police. This effect was mediated by perceptions of illegitimacy and anger directed at the police. Furthermore, weakly identified protestors were particularly affected by the display of power and were more likely to engage in anti‐police resistance and collective action. Implications are discussed.
Knowledge and Misconceptions About the Causes of Disabilities and Functioning in Children and Preadolescents: Mixed‐Models Analyses
Authors: Ginevra Maria Cristina , Donati Maria Anna , Valbusa Isabella , Primi Caterina , Santilli Sara , Nota Laura
Published: October 2024

Background

Accurate knowledge of disabilities is connected to social acceptance and a high chance of initiating and facilitating meaningful social interactions with students with disabilities. The present study investigated the effect of type of disability and school grade level on knowledge of the causes of four disabilities (i.e., hearing, visual, motor and intellectual), misconceptions about the causes of these disabilities and knowledge of the functioning of peers with disabilities.

Methods

A sample of 868 Italian students (Mage = 9.92, SD = 2.33; school grade levels 1–8; 436 boys and 432 girls) was interviewed about their knowledge of causes of four disabilities, potential misconceptions and the knowledge of functioning of peers with disabilities. Mixed‐effects models were applied with the GAMLj module of the JAMOVI statistical platform. The effects of type of disability and school grade level and their interaction were estimated as fixed effects, and gender was introduced as a control variable.

Results

Mixed‐model analyses found a main effect of type of disability for knowledge and misconceptions about the causes of disabilities and knowledge of the functioning of peers with disabilities. A main effect for school grade level was also found, showing a progressive growth trend in knowledge of the causes of disabilities and of the functioning of peers with disabilities and a decrease in misconceptions with the increase in school grade levels. Lastly, a significant interaction effect of Type of Disability × School Grade Level was found for knowledge and misconceptions about the causes of disabilities, suggesting that the effect of school grade level varied across the type of disability.

Conclusion

Overall, the study found that children and preadolescents have a rudimentary and limited understanding of disabilities, suggesting the necessity for a specific formal education about disabilities during the school years for children and preadolescents.
Maternal Thyroid Function and Biochemical Markers of Placental Function in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Lundgaard Maja H. , Sinding Marianne M. , Sørensen Anne N. , Torp Nanna M. U. , Handberg Aase , Andersen Stig , Andersen Stine L.
Published: October 2024

Objective

A link between maternal thyroid function and the placental biomarkers, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and placental growth factor (PlGF), has been brought forward. This study aimed to describe their association in early pregnancy.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Participants

Eight hundred and fifty‐eight pregnant women from the North Denmark Region, 2013, with blood samples drawn in early pregnancy.

Measurements

Thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid‐peroxidase antibodies (TPO‐Ab), thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg‐Ab) (ADVIA Centaur XPT, Siemens Healthineers), sFlt‐1 and PlGF (Kryptor Compact, ThermoFisher Scientific) were measured. The association between maternal TSH and fT4 and percentile (pc) levels of sFlt‐1 and PlGF (< 25th pc, 25–75th pc, > 75th pc) was evaluated using regression analysis and reported as adjusted beta coefficient (aβ). The frequency of maternal thyroid autoantibodies (TPO‐Ab > 60 U/mL or Tg‐Ab > 33 U/mL) by pc levels of sFlt‐1 and PlGF was compared using chi‐squared test.

Results

Higher levels (> 75th pc) of sFlt‐1 associated with lower TSH (aβ 0.62, 95% CI: 0.51–0.76) and higher fT4 (aβ 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05). Higher levels of PlGF associated with lower TSH (aβ 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69–0.98), but not with levels of fT4 (aβ 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97–1.02). No association with maternal thyroid autoantibodies was found (TPO‐Ab: sFlt‐1: p‐value 0.5 and PlGF: p‐value 0.1; Tg‐Ab: sFlt‐1: p‐value 0.7 and PlGF: p‐value 0.1).

Conclusions

In a large cohort of Danish pregnant women, higher levels of sFlt‐1 and PlGF associated with maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy, while there was no association with maternal thyroid autoantibodies.
Bird Phylogenetic Diversity Increases With Temperature Worldwide
Authors: Barrios Pelayo , Martinez‐Nuñez Carlos
Published: October 2024

Aim

Temperature significantly influences the composition and structure of biotic communities at large scales. While its role in shaping taxonomic diversity is well‐documented, its relationship with other facets of biodiversity, like phylogenetic diversity, remains poorly known. Understanding how and to which extent temperature contributes to global patterns of phylogenetic diversity compared to other biodiversity‐structuring factors is crucial for comprehending how bird assemblages are structured worldwide, predicting their response to global‐change drivers and supporting conservation policies focused on preserving bird genetic diversity and evolutionary history.

Location

Worldwide.

Methods

We analyse the role of temperature in predicting bird regional phylogenetic richness (PD) and divergence (MPD) worldwide, before and after controlling for the effect of species richness (SR). We also assess the shape of this relationship in different biogeographic realms and compare its explanatory power with other key biodiversity‐structuring factors such as elevation, human impact index, net primary productivity and land use diversity.

Results

Our findings underscore the high significance and consistency of temperature as a key predictor positively associated with bird PD and MPD across the six main biogeographic realms, even after accounting for SR and latitude, suggesting that temperature modulates the intrinsic capacity of environments to support a diverse array of lineages. In addition, PD and MPD tended to increase at low elevations, but the human‐impact index did not effectively predict bird phylogenetic diversity at this scale. Furthermore, high PD was linked to regions with high primary productivity and high land‐use diversity, although both of these relationships were strongly mediated by SR.

Conclusions

This study unveils the key role of temperature in explaining bird phylogenetic diversity worldwide over other key biodiversity‐structuring factors and points to the profound implications that climate change will have on the amount of evolutionary history held in bird assemblages, beyond species extinctions or range shifts alone.
A randomized phase I study of BI 1820237, a novel neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 agonist, alone or in combination with low‐dose liraglutide in otherwise healthy men with overweight or obesity
Authors: Beetz Nadine , Kalsch Brigitte , Forst Thomas , Schmid Bernhard , Schultz Armin , Hennige Anita M.
Published: October 2024

Aims

Pharmacotherapeutic options for obesity treatment include glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists, for example, liraglutide. However, an unmet need remains, particularly in patients with a high body mass index (BMI), as GLP‐1R agonists are associated with gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) and some patients do not respond to treatment. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY bind G‐protein‐coupled Y receptors and represent attractive targets for modulating bodyweight.

Materials and Methods

This first‐in‐human, three‐part, partially blinded phase I study (NCT04903509) investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of single ascending doses of the peptidic NPY2R agonist BI 1820237, with/without low‐dose liraglutide: part 1 (participants randomized to receive BI 1820237: 0.075–2.4 mg or placebo), part 2 (BI 1820237: 1.2 mg or placebo) and part 3 (BI 1820237: 0.025–1.2 mg + liraglutide 0.6 mg or placebo + liraglutide 0.6 mg). Primary endpoint is the proportion of participants with drug‐related AEs. Secondary endpoints are tolerability, PK and PD.

Results

In total, 95 otherwise healthy men with increased BMI (25.0–34.9 kg/m2) were randomized. Drug‐related AEs, mainly gastrointestinal events, were reported by 39.0% of participants (n = 23) in parts 1 + 2 and 30.6% of participants (n = 11) in part 3; one drug‐related AE (11.1%, part 3) was reported in a participant receiving placebo with liraglutide. Post‐dose paracetamol PK suggested that BI 1820237 and low‐dose liraglutide exhibited additive effects on gastric emptying.

Conclusions

BI 1820237 treatment was associated with transient nausea and vomiting at higher doses. No differences in tolerability were observed when combined with liraglutide; effects on gastric emptying appeared additive.
ACKR3 agonism induces heterodimerization with chemokine receptor CXCR4 and attenuates platelet function
Authors: Dicenta‐Baunach Valerie , Laspa Zoi , Schaale David , Sigle Manuel , Bayrak Alp , Castor Tatsiana , Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai , Laufer Stefan , Gawaz Meinrad Paul , Rohlfing Anne‐Katrin
Published: October 2024

Background

Platelet receptors ACKR3 and CXCR4 play a crucial role in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Like most chemokine receptors, CXCR4 is a G protein coupled receptor that induces platelet activation. In contrast, the atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) lacks the ability to activate heterotrimeric G proteins and its activation leads to platelet inhibition and attenuates thrombus formation. In nucleated cells, heterodimerization of ACKR3 with CXCR4 regulates CXCL12‐dependent signalling. The aim of our study was to investigate the formation of ACKR3/CXCR4 heterodimers in platelets and the subsequent consequences for platelet function.

Methods and Results

Using a proximity ligation assay (PLA, Duolink®) to screen for CXCR4/ACKR3 heterodimerization inducing compounds, we found that ACKR3 agonism but not conventional platelet agonists or endogen ligands lead to heterodimer formation. To further characterize the formation of ACKR3/CXCR4 heterodimers, we studied the CXCL12‐dependent platelet activation via CXCR4. Both, CXCL12‐dependent platelet aggregation and collagen‐dependent ex vivo thrombus formation were significantly downregulated by ACKR3 agonism. Moreover, platelet intracellular calcium and Akt signalling were increased by CXCL12 and again suppressed by ACKR3‐specific agonists. Previously, CXCL12 was shown to decrease platelet cAMP levels via CXCR4. Treatment with a specific ACKR3 agonist counteracted this CXCL12/CXCR4‐dependent cAMP decrease.

Conclusion

Our results reveal that the formation of platelet ACKR3/CXCR4 heterodimers is dependent on ACKR3 rather than CXCR4. Furthermore, ACKR3 agonism induced heterodimerization is associated with mitigating CXCL12/CXCR4‐dependent platelet activation possibly by modulating CXCR4‐dependent G protein signalling. Our results indicate possible ACKR3 agonist functions and reinforce the potential therapeutic applications of ACKR3 agonists.
A newly developed, easy‐to‐use prehospital drug‐derived score compared with three conventional scores: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Jurado‐Palomo Jesús , Martin‐Conty José Luis , Polonio‐López Begoña , Bernal‐Jiménez Juan J. , Conty‐Serrano Rosa , Dileone Michele , Castro Villamor Miguel A. , del Pozo Vegas Carlos , López‐Izquierdo Raúl , Rivera‐Picón Cristina , Martín‐Rodríguez Francisco , Sanz‐García Ancor
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The use of medications by emergency medical services (EMS) is increasing. Conventional scores are time‐consuming and therefore difficult to use in an emergency setting. For early decision‐making, an easy‐to‐use score based on the medications administered by the EMS may have prognostic value. The primary objective of this study was to develop the prehospital drug‐derived score (PDDS) for 2‐day mortality.

Methods

A prospective, multicenter, ambulance‐based cohort study was conducted in adults with undifferentiated acute diseases treated by EMS and transferred to the emergency department. Demographic data, prehospital diagnosis data, prehospital medication and variables for the calculation of the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), and Rapid Acute Physiology Score (RAPS) were collected. The PDDS was developed and validated, establishing three levels of risk of 2‐day mortality. The predictive capability of each score was determined by the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and compared using the Delong's test (p‐value).

Results

A total of 6401 patients were included. The PDDS included age and the use of norepinephrine, analgesics, neuromuscular blocking agents, diuretics, antihypertensive agents, tranexamic acid, and bicarbonate. The AUROC of PDDS was .86 (95% CI: .816–.903) versus NEWS2 .866 (95% CI: .822–.911), p = .828; versus REMS .885 (95% CI: .845–.924), p = .311; versus RAPS .886 (95% CI: .846–.926), p = .335, respectively.

Conclusion

The newly developed easy‐to‐use prehospital drug‐derived PDDS score has an excellent predictive value of early mortality. The PDDS score was comparable to the conventional risk scores and therefore might serve as an alternative score in the prehospital emergency setting.
A Joanna Briggs Institute Framework Approach to Shared Decision Making in End‐of‐Life
Authors: Glaría Marta Gil , Fernández María Martín , Salgado Carla , Hernández‐Leal María José
Published: October 2024

Aim

To implement shared decision‐making (SDM) through a patient decision aid (PtDA) for the initiation of palliative care (PC) in end‐of‐life (EOL) cancer patients.

Methodology

A comprehensive Scoping Review was conducted on SDM in PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo. An evidence‐based implementation of PtDAs was created using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework, which followed rigorous pillars: (1) context, (2) facilitation and (3) evaluation.

Results

Fifteen studies were identified and categorised into (1) Implementation characteristics and (2) Strategies for implementing SDM in terminally ill cancer patients. SDM should consider the decision‐making location, optimal timing, participants and decision type. Strategies include professional training, PtDAs and implementation programmes. A PtDA implementation protocol in video format for deciding to initiate PC is proposed, following International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) and Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG).

Conclusions

SDM implementation should be guided by evidence‐based methodological models justifying and structuring its execution, especially in complex and interdisciplinary contexts. National or international frameworks facilitate the adoption of health innovations, such as PtDAs, benefiting patients and improving their usage.

Practice Implications

SDM is not just a concept but an important approach to the Care of cancer patients at EOL, enhancing patient satisfaction and improving care quality. The success and sustainability of SDM hinge on the fundamental aspects of staff training, interdisciplinary collaboration and ongoing evaluation. The lack of specific aid in Spanish underscores the immediate need for local development. Further research is needed in this area, as most reviewed studies did not measure SDM effectiveness in diverse hospital settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

This proposal was developed based on the experience and input of the nursing staff from the healthcare service where it is intended to be implemented.
Comparison of the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic single‐incision triangulated umbilical surgery pyeloplasty with traditional three‐hole surgery in a pediatric tertiary center
Authors: Lu Liangsheng , Zhang Bin , Tang Liangfeng , Shen Jian , Wang Xiang , Geng Hongquan
Published: October 2024

Objective

To report the application of laparoscopic single‐incision triangulated umbilical surgery (SITUS) pyeloplasty in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and compare its feasibility and efficacy with traditional three‐hole laparoscopic pyeloplasty.

Methods

Data from children with UPJO who underwent SITUS between July 2018 and August 2021 were included in this retrospective study and patients who were treated with traditional laparoscopic pyeloplasty were chosen for comparison. Thirty‐two patients from SITUS group and 72 patients from traditional group were reviewed. The clinical characteristics, complications, and follow‐up results were collected and compared.

Results

The preoperative demographic data and imaging parameters, including sex, surgical side, age, BMI, and preoperative anterior–posterior pelvic diameter (APD), showed no significant differences between the two groups. The median surgical time was 135 min (IQR: 119.75–160.5) in SITUS group, while 163.5 min (IQR: 141.25–187.5) in the traditional group (p = 0.0008). Two Clavien‐Dindo III complications (6.25%) in SITUS group and 11 (15.3%) in the traditional group were recorded (p = 0.335). The success rate was 100% (32/32) in SITUS group and 94% (68/72) in the traditional group (p = 0.309).

Conclusion

SITUS pyeloplasty is a feasible and effective laparo‐endoscopic single‐site (LESS) technique for pediatric patients with excellent cosmetic results comparable to the conventional laparoscopic pyeloplasty. More cases and longer follow‐up periods are needed to determine the exact outcomes of the modified LESS technique.
Hierarchical materials with interconnected pores from capillary suspensions for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Nider Souhaila , De Ceulaer Femke , Göksel Berfu , Braem Annabel , Koos Erin
Published: October 2024

The increasing demand for bone grafts due to the aging population has opened new opportunities for the manufacture of porous ceramics to assist in bone reconstruction. In our study, we investigate a new, promising method to manufacture hierarchically porous structures in a straightforward and tunable way. It consists of combining the novel technology of capillary suspensions, formed by mixing solid particles and two immiscible liquids, one less than 5 vol%, with freeze casting. We have successfully achieved alumina and beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) materials with both <2 µm and 20–50 µm as the smallest and largest pore sizes, respectively. The microstructure exhibits fully open pores and high levels of porosity (>60%). The capillary suspensions’ rheological behavior indicates that silica nano‐suspensions as a secondary fluid creates a stronger internal particle network than sucrose for the alumina system. Conversely, the opposite was observed with the β‐TCP system. These differences were attributed to the change in affinity between the secondary fluids and the solid loading. In our study, both systems have served to deepen the knowledge about the new area of capillary suspensions and proved their use in hierarchical porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Aggressive Behaviour Risk Assessment Tool for Hospitalised Patients in Non‐Psychiatric Inpatient Units
Authors: Kim Son Chae , Vejnovich Chris , Hall Lyndsi , Rawlings Melinda , Thompson Karissa
Published: October 2024

Aim

To refine and validate an electronic version of the Aggressive Behaviour Risk Assessment Tool (ABRAT) and determine the sensitivity and specificity for identifying potentially violent patients in non‐psychiatric inpatient units.

Design

A prospective cohort study design was used.

Methods

All patients admitted or transferred to three inpatient units of an acute care hospital in Nebraska, USA, from 7 February to 9 April 2023, were included. The 10‐item ABRAT assessments were performed daily for the first 3 days of admission. The violent events were collected until discharge in three categories: Physical aggression towards others, physical aggression towards property and verbal intimidation/threat towards others. Kendall's tau tests and a multivariate logistic regression procedure were performed to select a parsimonious set of items that best predict violent events.

Results

Of 1179 patients, 69 had ≥1 violent event (5.9%). The revised six‐item tool with item weighting was named ABRAT for Hospitalised Patients (ABRAT‐H). The area under the curve from the Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis was 0.82. The sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff score of two were 68.1% and 85.2%, respectively. As ABRAT‐H scores increased, the percentage of violent patients also increased and for patients with scores ≥5, 55.2% became violent.

Conclusion

ABRAT‐H appears to be useful for identifying potentially violent patients in non‐psychiatric inpatient units with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity.

Implications for Patient Care

The availability of ABRAT‐H may help provide focused preventive measures that target patients at high risk for violence and reduce violent events.

Impact

A majority of the nursing workforce is employed in acute care hospital setting, and the availability of ABRAT‐H can further enhance the culture of a safe work environment and have positive impacts not only on the nurses' physical and mental health but also on the quality of patient care.

Reporting Method

We have adhered to relevant STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Research Review: Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatments for adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder – a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Sibley Margaret H. , Flores Sabrina , Murphy Madeline , Basu Hana , Stein Mark A. , Evans Steven W. , Zhao Xin , Manzano Maychelle , van Dreel Shauntal
Published: October 2024

Background

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) demonstrates unique developmental manifestations in adolescence with implications for optimized, age‐appropriate treatment. This 10‐year update is the third in a series of systematic reviews examining the efficacy and safety of adolescent ADHD treatments. We broadly examined efficacy on ADHD symptoms, impairments, and other reported outcomes. Acute and long‐term efficacy, and treatment moderators, were considered.

Method

We performed PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO searches for articles published or in press from 2013 to 2024, integrated with hand search and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified in this series' earlier reviews. RCTs examining the safety or efficacy of interventions delivered to adolescents (ages 10.0–19.9) with a diagnosis of ADHD were included. Study characteristics were extracted and reviewed, quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE, and effect sizes were calculated for individual studies and illustrated using forest plots.

Results

Sixty‐three RCTs were identified. Quality of evidence ranged from high (medication; k = 29) to very low (nutrient supplementation, neurofeedback, occupational therapy; k = 1 each). Medications demonstrated consistent strong impact on ADHD symptoms and inconsistent impact on impairment. Diverse cognitive/behavioral treatments (C/BTs) demonstrated inconsistent impact on ADHD symptoms but strong and consistent impact on impairment and executive function skills, plus moderate benefits on internalizing symptoms. No interventions demonstrated significant safety concerns. Long‐term maintenance (up to 3 years post‐treatment) was demonstrated for C/BTs, though moderate quality of evidence was noted because participants cannot be fully blinded to receipt of treatment.

Conclusions

The effects of C/BTs and medication appear complementary, not duplicative. Combining medication and C/BT is advised at treatment outset to maximize engagement, maintenance, and response breadth (i.e. improving both ADHD symptoms/cognitive performance and coping skills/functional impairments). Engagement strategies (e.g. motivational interviewing) may facilitate uptake. Novel treatments do not yet demonstrate effects on ADHD symptoms or impairments in adolescents but remain a promising area for research.
Hidden species diversity in the Enteromius Cope, 1867 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Aruwimi basin (Middle Congo) in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Authors: Mayo Ilodiri Wilson , Huyghe Charlotte E. T. , da Costa Luis M. , Mambo Baba Taylor , Danadu Mizani Célestin , Vreven Emmanuel J. W. M. N.
Published: October 2024

Two new African minnow species, Enteromius cerinus sp. nov. and Enteromius ruforum sp. nov., are described for science from the Angadiko River, a left‐bank sub‐affluent of first order of the Nepoko River, draining the north‐eastern part of the Okapi Wildlife Reserve (OWR). Both new species belong to the group of Enteromius for which the last unbranched dorsal‐fin ray is flexible and underrated. Within this morphological group, both are most similar to Enteromius kamolondoensis, especially in life colour pattern characteristics. However, Enteromius cerinus sp. nov. differs from E. kamolondoensis by its low number of circumpeduncular scales, 10–11 (vs. 12), low maximum body depth, 22.8%–25.7% standard length (Ls) (vs. 26.1%–30.0%), and long anterior and posterior barbel lengths, 32.6%–35.3% head length (LH) (vs. 23.6%–27.2%) and 41.6%–43.9% LH (vs. 30.3%–34.9%), respectively. Further, E. ruforum sp. nov. is also easily distinguished from E. kamolondoensis by its high maximum body depth, 30.6%–33.3% Ls (vs. 26.1%–30.0%), and small, isometric, eye diameter, 26.2%–28.0% LH (vs. 29.1%–31.9%). A barcoding study (mtDNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I [COI]) revealed that specimens of both new species form lineages well differentiated from those of other available species. As such, (i) E. cerinus sp. nov. diverges from E. kamolondoensis by a K2P genetic distance (GD) of 10.3% and (ii) E. ruforum sp. nov. by a K2P GD of 11.2%. To the present day, the fish fauna of the left‐bank sub‐affluents of the Nepoko River, in general, remains poorly known or undocumented. Unfortunately, at the same time, multiple anthropogenic impacts are affecting this fauna, such as (i) the destruction of habitats along the river banks for agriculture and fishing and (ii) the use of illegal fishing practices, such as fishing with plant‐based ichthyotoxins during ecopage, which is combined with dam building. As a result of the demographic growth, this ecopage results in overfishing and thus is threatening both new species in particular, but all other co‐occurring fish species as well. Both new species, E. cerinus sp. nov. and E. ruforum sp. nov., should thus be considered Vulnerable (VU) according to IUCN criterion D2. It is therefore hoped that their discovery highlights the urgent need for a better protection and further in situ exploration of the reserve's freshwater (fish) biodiversity, in general, and that of those small sub‐affluents, in particular.
Classification of Kudoa thyrsites infected and uninfected fish using a handheld near‐infrared spectrophotometer, SIMCA and PLS‐DA
Authors: Henning S.
Published: October 2024

Kudoa thyrsites infection of marine fish typically results in myoliquefaction, which is only apparent 24 to 56 h post‐mortem. The traditional methods for the detection of K. thyrsites infected fish are time‐consuming and destructive, reducing its marketability. This poses a challenge for the fish industry to remove infected fish before it reaches the market or further processing activities. This study investigated the use of near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, in combination with soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), for discriminating K. thyrsites infected fish from uninfected fish. Performance of the classification models was evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity and precision. A total of 334 fish samples (200 sardine, 64 hake and 70 kingklip) were used for this study. Infection of K. thyrsites was determined with the use of qPCR assays. Ninety per cent (90%) of the sardine samples, 78% of the hake samples and 37% of the kingklip samples were infected. Class groups of infected and uninfected fish samples were created for the purpose of generating SIMCA and PLS‐DA classification models for each species of fish, as well as for a species independent data set. Principal component analysis (PCA) of NIR spectra did not show any clustering for infected and uninfected samples. Calibration and test sample sets were generated for the purpose of building and testing the SIMCA and PLD‐DA classification models. SIMCA and PLS‐DA were unable to classify test samples correctly into the two classes. The number of misclassifications (NMC) was higher for the SIMCA models than for the PLS‐DA models, with more than 60% incorrectly classified. SIMCA classified most of the test samples into both classes. The precision for PLS‐DA were 89% for sardine, 81% for hake, 0% for kingklip and 87% for species independent models, however, most samples were classified at infected. The use of NIR spectroscopy and classification models such as SIMCA and PLS‐DA showed limited use as a method to distinguish between K. thyrsites infected and uninfected fish samples. Textural and chemical changes during extended frozen storage of the fish samples may have masked the effects associated with K. thyrsites infection. Further studies are suggested where NIR spectroscopy is used in combination with texture analysis and image spectroscopy.
Long‐term maintenance‐related complications of brachiocephalic vein cannulations in neonates: A retrospective evaluation
Authors: Simsek Eser , Uzumcugil Filiz , Yigit Sule
Published: October 2024

Background

Neonates are relatively prone to immediate, early, and late complications related to central venous cannulation (CVC). Ultrasound‐guided brachiocephalic vein (BCV) cannulation has proven to be safe in neonates. Although studies addressed the immediate and early complications of CVC via BCV in neonates, few explored long‐term maintenance‐related complications.

Aims

To evaluate the incidences of long‐term maintenance‐related complications including central line‐associated blood stream infection (CLABSI), central line‐associated thrombosis (CLAT), and mechanical complications (CLAMC) of nontunneled BCV cannulation in neonates and their relationship with patient and catheter‐related factors.

Methods

This study included BCV cannulations of neonates with postconceptional age of ≤44 weeks performed between January 2018 and January 2023. The incidences of complications were determined. Correlations between complications and postconceptional age, body weight, indication for catheter placement, the size and side of the catheter, as well as catheter dwell time were analyzed.

Results

In total, 89 BCV cannulations performed in 71 neonates. The incidences were 19.3 [95%CI: 12.88–28.76] total complications, 5.9 [95%CI: 2.84–12.06] CLABSI, 3.4 [95%CI: 1.30–8.58] CLAT and 10.1 [95%CI: 5.76–17.49] CLAMC in 1000 catheter days. There were 23 (25.8%) total complications; 7 (7.9%) were CLABSI, 4 (4.5%) were CLAT, and 12 (13.5%) were CLAMC. The multivariate analysis revealed that prolonged dwell time was associated with high incidence of total complications [OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00–1.14, p = .047] and the catheter of smaller size (3F in this study) was associated with higher incidence of CLABSI [OR: 8.91, 95% CI: 1.03–77.45, p = .047].

Conclusion

In this study, the prolonged dwell time and smaller sized catheter was found to be independent predictors of total complications and CLABSI, respectively. The independent predictive effects of postconceptional age and body weight should be addressed in larger studies as potential risk factors.
Multi‐Omics Analysis Reveals Molecular Responses of Alkaloid Content Variations in Lycoris aurea Across Different Locations
Authors: Zuo You‐Wei , Quan Miao‐Hua , Liu Guang‐Hua , Zhang Xiao , Long Na‐Na , You Shi‐Qi , Peng Yang , Deng Hong‐Ping
Published: October 2024

Lycoris aurea, celebrated for its visually striking flowers and significant medicinal value due to the presence of alkaloids such as lycorine and galanthamine, has intricate yet poorly understood regulatory mechanisms. This study provides a detailed examination of the transcriptomic, metabolomic and ecological dynamics of L. aurea, aiming to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of alkaloid biosynthesis. Our comparative analysis across different ecological settings highlighted key genes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis, such as genes encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase and norbelladine 4′‐O‐methyltransferase, which were distinctively increased in the high alkaloids‐producing group. We identified a total of 6871 differentially expressed genes and 915 metabolites involved in pathways like terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Protein interaction network analysis revealed significant upregulation of photosynthesis, photosystem and photosynthetic membrane pathways in the alkaloids‐producing region. Furthermore, our research delineated the interactions among soil microbial communities, genes and plant and soil biochemical properties, noting that bacterial populations correlate with soil properties that favour the activation of metabolic pathways essential for alkaloid production. Collectively, this study advances our understanding of the genetic and metabolic alkaloid biosynthesis pathways in L. aurea, shedding light on the complex interactions that govern alkaloid production.