bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid Chromatograph-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the Fluorinated Proteins in Antarctic (Euphausia Superba) Krill Muscle
Authors: Jiang Zhongquan , Shen Xiaosheng
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the fluorinated proteins in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) muscle using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to explore the binding form, composition, binding mechanism, and molecular weight range of fluorine with proteins, providing a scientific foundation for improving the defluorination efficiency of Antarctic krill. Polypeptides from Antarctic krill muscle were enzymatically extracted using trypsin, fractionated by ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography (GFC), and purified by C18 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Fluorine content and molecular weights of the polypeptide fractions were determined by ion chromatography (IC) and HPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS. Among the three separated polypeptide fractions AKP-I, AKP-II, and AKP-III, AKP-II had the highest fluorine content of 1219.52 µg/g, accounting for 63% of the total fluorine, followed by AKP-I with 495.04 µg/g, accounting for 26%, and AKP-III with the lowest fluorine content of 209.44 µg/g, accounting for 11%. The molecular weight of fluorophosphorus peptides in AKP-II was measured to be approximately 2000 Da. The results indicate that fluorine in Antarctic krill muscle is accumulated through ion exchange adsorption between fluorapatite (FHAP) and the amino acid side chains, maintaining a stable fluorine content. This study provides new insights into the binding mechanism of fluorine in Antarctic krill muscle and offers a scientific basis for the development of targeted defluorination methods.
Application Research of Green Chelating Agents in the Remediation of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated River Sediments
Authors: Tian Hongyun , Luo Pan , Shuai Jing , Xie Linna , Xi Tingting , Huang Yongbing
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to utilize chelating agents for the remediation of heavy metal (HM)-contaminated river sediments. The removal efficiency and mechanisms of the green chelating agents glutamic acid (GLDA) and methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA) were analyzed under various conditions. The research findings indicate that the removal efficiency for Cd is GLDA> EDTA=MGDA, the removal efficiency for Cu is MGDA=GLDA> EDTA, and for Ni, the removal efficiency is MGDA> GLDA> EDTA. The green chelating agents GLDA and MGDA can remove HMs from river sediments efficiently without harming the environment, serving as alternatives to EDTA. Chelating agents achieve this effect by altering the speciation of HMs in river sediments, with system pH being the primary influencing factor. The supernatant treated with Na2S contained HMs at levels compliant with national discharge standards, making it suitable for direct discharge.
Optimization of oat-based ready-to-drink with tropical fruit flavors development using sensory approach
Authors: Gelvin  , Sadek Nur Fathonah
Published: February 2025

The consumption of plant-based drink has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their convenience and health-promoting properties. This study aimed to optimize the development of oat-based ready-to-drink with tropical fruit flavor using the sensory approach, consisting of focus group discussion (FGD) using six experienced internal assessors, followed with Just About Right (JAR) and Check All That Apply (CATA) using 48 external assessors. The FGD assessed one best formula for initial formulations (having various concentrations of xanthan gum, β-carotene natural colorant, and citric acid), which was then continued for its’ appropriateness level evaluation using JAR. Aligned result among JAR and CATA prompted product reformulations to account critical attributes of tropical fruit taste and aroma, before being evaluated with secondary FGD to determine the final optimum formulation. The final ORTD-TF formula (consisting of 0.28% xanthan gum, 2% passion fruit syrup, 2% orange syrup, 1.2% lemon powder, 0.16% citric acid, 0.05% β-carotene natural colorant, and 0.2% passion fruit essence) was characterized by ‘thick texture’, ‘optimal milky orange color’, ‘not pungent yet strong tropical fruit aroma’, ‘optimal tropical fruit flavor’, ‘no aftertaste’, and ‘balanced sweetness’.
Isolation fragment of pi-d2 as gene resistance to blas disease in Siporang Rice (Oryza sativa L.) From Sipirok, North Sumatera
Authors: Hannum Saleha , Rahayu Suci , Sihombing Oktasan Jaya
Published: February 2025

Blast disease is through by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae, which is characterized by rhombus-shaped spots with pointed ends that are grey or whitish in color on the leaves of rice plants. Some rice varieties in Indonesia are resistant and some are susceptible to blast disease. One of the resistant varieties to blast disease is Siporang rice from Sipirok, South Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province. This resistance is due to the presence of resistance genes that cause immunity to pathogen attacks. One of the resistance genes to blast disease found in Siporang rice is the pi-d2 gene. This study aims to isolate and sequence the nucleotide of pi-d2 gene in Siporang rice from Sipirok, North Sumatra. The pi-d2 gene fragment from Siporang rice has been successfully isolated and sequenced with a nucleotide sequence size of 730 bp.
The honey of Trigona biroi as a bioindicator for detecting toward green city environmental pollution levels
Authors: Budiaman  , Nuraeni Sitti , Gautama Iswara , Muchtar Andi Asikin , Andi Eda Berlin Rara
Published: February 2025

Trigona spp. honey bees is a good biological bioindicator, because it can show damage/chemical changes in their environment (bees) through two signals, namely high mortality (pesticide cases), and the presence of pesticide residues in their bodies or residues in products in their hives such as pesticides and other contaminants that may be detected. Honey bees Trigona spp. Trigona spp honey bees have been widely cultivated in urban environments to produce honey for consumption purposes, on the other hand it can cause honey to be contaminated by heavy metals and other pollutants. This study aims to identify contaminants or pollutants from Trigona spp. honey cultivated in urban areas. The results of this study are expected to provide information regarding the use of Trigona spp. honey products. as a special bioindicator for honey products. The research was conducted from July to September 2018. Data was taken from 2 locations, namely the Makassar Industrial Area and natural forest in Rongkong, East Luwu. The data obtained consisted of the metal content of Lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As) in honey. The results showed that the lead content in honey produced in urban areas was higher with a value of 0.4144 mg/kg than in the honey of bees living in the forest with a value of <0.10 mg/kg, while the content of arsenic metal in honey, both in bees living in urban areas and bees living in forests are relatively the same with a value of <0.01 mg/kg. These results indicate that the two honey samples are still safe according to the Indonesian National Standard 3545 of 2018.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the lichens Coccocarpia palmicola, Parmotrema clavuliferum and Parmotrema tinctorum
Authors: Atni Oky Kusuma , Munir Erman , Siregar Etti Sartina , Saleh M. N.
Published: February 2025

Lichens, symbiotic organisms formed by fungi and photosynthetic partners, produce secondary metabolites with various biological activities, including antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This study investigates the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts Parmotrema tinctorum, Parmotrema clavuliferum, and Coccocarpia palmicola, collected from Bukit Barisan Grand Forest, North Sumatra. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method against six bacterial strains and Candida albicans. Parmotrema tinctorum showed the highest antimicrobial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zones up to 14.0±2.60 mm. In contrast, Parmotrema clavuliferum and Coccocarpia palmicola demonstrated lower antimicrobial activity. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical-scavenging method, with IC50 values of 156.9354 µg/mL for Coccocarpia palmicola, 159.7039 µg/mL, Parmotrema tinctorum, and 250.2981 µg/mL for Parmotrema clavuliferum. The study concludes that Parmotrema tinctorum shows promise as a source of antimicrobial agents with potential applications in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
Design of system monitoring discharge flow and volume hydrogen gas based an Internet of Things (IoT) on Electrolyzer
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Waruwu Delima
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen gas is an important element in various industrial applications as a substitute for fossil fuels and requires proper supervision, due to its flammability. This research aims to design a monitoring tool for the volume and flow of hydrogen gas through the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) which serves to prevent leakage or excessive accumulation of hydrogen gas. This design is made using an electrolyzer as a source of hydrogen gas, utilizing a bmp 180 sensor and an mq-8 sensor. In addition, nodemcu microcontroller, arduino uno, solenoid, battery, relay, led and buzzer are used. The mq-8 sensor is calibrated based on the datasheet with an error of 1.62%. The proposed system is a real-time measurement with remote monitoring via an IoT network. The data generated by these sensors will be sent automatically to google spreadsheet and Blynk to enable operators to monitor hydrogen gas conditions quickly and responsively. From the results obtained, the gas concentration has a minimum value of 223.938583 Pa and a maximum value of 1837.199707 Pa with initial hydrogen gas volumes of 0.002818 and 0.023464 at the end of the measurement. The main advantage of this system is the ability to identify changes in conditions instantly and provide immediate preventive or corrective action if required. The results of this study are expected to make a significant contribution in improving the efficiency and reliability of hydrogen gas usage in various industrial applications.
Bee Feed Diversity at Flora Nauli Beekeepers, Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Affandi Oding , Permatasari Lili , Batubara Ridwanti , Ulfa Mariah
Published: February 2025

Besides producing honey, honey bees can also produce other products such as propolis, royal jelly, and pollen that can provide economic benefits for farmers. The success of honey bee cultivation is influenced by the availability of flowers as bee feed. The research conducted aims to provide information and data on the availability of feed contained in the Flora Nauli Beekeepers site. Data collection methods were carried out by conducting direct observations, inventory and interviews to obtain information in the form of bee feed plants, plant flower season. Furthermore, literature studies related to the research were carried out in the form of data on the general condition of the research location, determination of plant species and plant flower season. The results of the research identified 43 species of bee feed sources. There are 11 species of plants that flower throughout the year. Flora Nauli Beekeepers has many diverse and sufficient bee feed sources.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using a combination of frequency ratio and fuzzy logic methods in The Malino Sub-watershed, Jeneberang Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Soma Andang Suryana , Rachmat Ramadhan Muh. Dandy , Hasnawir  , Wahyuni
Published: February 2025

The Malino Sub-watershed is a part of the Jeneberang watershed that can cause natural disasters in landslides with various triggering factors. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze landslide susceptibility by knowing the distribution and factors influencing landslides and mapping using the frequency ratio and fuzzy logic methods. The parameters used in this study include rainfall, curvature, river distance, road distance, fault distance, slope, altitude, lithology, and land cover. These parameters are processed to obtain the ratio value and normalized based on different formulas to get the fuzzy membership value. The results revealed 371 landslide events. The slope was > 45%, and the cover of scrublands had the highest probability value, with a frequency ratio of 11.76 and a fuzzy membership value of 1. The landslide susceptibility map using the Gamma operator with Model 1 on fuzzy membership 3 has the best validation value, with an AUC for a success rate of 0.743 and a prediction level of 0.747. A very low class dominated the susceptibility area with a percentage of 54.15%, followed by high and very high classes with a percentage of 4.14%.
Indonesia’s policy responses to climate change in sustainable natural resource management: Jokowi’s tenure
Authors: Ritonga Alwi Dahlan , Amin Muryanto , Situmorang Tonny P.
Published: February 2025

This research examined Indonesia’s policy responses to climate change and sustainable natural resource management during President Jokowi’s tenure. The study adopts a desk research approach, gathering data from various secondary sources, including scientific literature, websites, news, government policy documents, and official reports. The research highlights significant efforts made by Indonesia in addressing climate change, such as the signing and implementing of the Paris Agreement, commitments to greenhouse gas emission reduction, and the development of the Low Carbon Development Plan. It also discusses initiatives in sustainable natural resource management, including the moratorium on new licenses and improvements in forest and peatland governance. However, the research identifies several challenges Indonesia faces in tackling climate change, such as a lack of coordination between government agencies, resource constraints, and the need to enhance community participation in natural resource management. The findings demonstrate that while notable advancements in policy responses to climate change and sustainable natural resource management exist, further efforts are needed to achieve ambitious goals. Improved coordination among government institutions, clear incentives for subnational leaders, and adequate resource allocation are crucial factors in achieving sustainable development. This research comprehensively explains Indonesia’s efforts to respond to climate change and enhance sustainable natural resource management during President Jokowi’s tenure. It also offers recommendations to strengthen policy responses, including improving coordination, increasing community participation, and allocating sufficient resources to foster better sustainable development outcomes in the future.
Synergistic effect of amine-modified palm stearin and carbon black in natural rubber reinforcement applying different cure systems
Authors: Surya I , Zahra F Az , Khatami M , Ismail H
Published: February 2025

This study explores the synergistic effect of amine-modified palm stearin (AMPS) and carbon black (CB) in the reinforcement of natural rubber (NR) using various cure systems. Modifying palm stearin with amine groups aims to enhance the interfacial interaction between the filler and the rubber matrix, potentially improving mechanical properties. Different curing systems, including conventional (CV), efficient (EV), and semi-efficient (SEV) vulcanization, were employed to assess their impact on the reinforcement efficiency of the AMPS/CB composite. The results indicate that the combination of AMPS and CB significantly enhances the tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at the break of NR, compared to carbon black alone. Additionally, the type of cure system was found to influence the overall performance of the composite, with each system exhibiting distinct mechanical and processing properties. The study provides insights into the potential application of bio-based fillers like AMPS in improving the sustainability and performance of rubber materials.
Genetic diversity of painted terrapin (Batagur borneoensis) using mitochondrial DNA D- Loop Region at Setiu River, Terengganu
Authors: Madiran Nor Ainsyafikah , Suud Nur Kaiyisah , Aiman Mohd Nasir Muhammad Syafiq , Ismail Norshida , Nasir Muhammad Zaid , Omar Chik Maslinda , Kamarudin Ahmad Syazni
Published: February 2025

The Painted Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis), a critically endangered freshwater turtle in Malaysia, is facing rapid decline due to adult and egg harvesting for food and habitat loss from beachfront development. This study aimed to assess genetic diversity in random nesting sites along the Setiu River. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from saliva samples of B. borneoensis was extracted, PCR amplified using D-Loop primer, sequenced and analysed, revealing two main haplotypes with low haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity (Hd=0.0952, π=0.00015). Both haplotypes form a single clade, indicating they originate from the same maternal lineage. In addition, Hd and π values indicate genetic diversity within the population of the B. borneoensis at Setiu river is low. The results underscore the critical importance of focused conservation efforts to protect this species besides needing to increase the sample size to give a more accurate assessment on the genetic diversity and population structure of B. borneoensis.
Macroinvertebrate biodiversity and health status of the upper Wampu River watershed after the eruption of Mount Sinabung
Authors: Leidonald Rusdi , Br Sinulingga Yuli Darnita , Yusni Eri , Muhtadi Ahmad , Rohim Nur , Firdaus Muh
Published: February 2025

The rivers at the foot of Mount Sinabung are part of the Wampu River Watershed. The Wampu River Watershed is one of the principal and most important ecosystems in the regencies of Langkat and Karo, North Sumatra Province. The objective of this study is to determine the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates and the health status of the river using the biotic index method. This research was conducted from July to August 2023 in the tributaries surrounding Mount Sinabung. The identification results of the macroinvertebrates revealed 17 species from 14 families. The most frequently found macroinvertebrate was Melanoides tuberculata, with a density of 65 individuals per square metre. The health status of the upstream section of the Wampu River Watershed generally ranges from very poor to very good water quality. Very poor river conditions were observed in the tributaries directly connected to Mount Sinabung.
Structure and composition of plant species and contribution of agrosilvopastura system in Baringeng Village, Libureng District, Bone Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Makkasau Ahmad Rifqi , Millang Syamsuddin , Rosyidah Ummi , Afdal Muh.
Published: February 2025

Agroforestry system is integrated land management by combining timber crops and seasonal crops or with a combination of livestock based on the principle of sustainability. Agroforestry aims to maintain the ecological function of the forest and increase farmers’ income. In general, Indonesian people have implemented agroforestry systems, especially the agrosilvopastura which is widely applied in communities in South Sulawesi. One location in South Sulawesi that applies agrosilvopastura as a source of income is the community in Bone Regency, especially in Baringeng Village, Libureng District. This research used purposive sampling and structured interviews with communities that implement the agrosilvopastura. In addition, tree measurements were carried out on community owned agroforestry land to produce data on wood volume and crown composition structure and data analysis was carried out descriptively quantitative. The results showed that agroforestry management in Baringeng Village with agrosilvopastura with management starting from land preparation, seed selection, planting, plant maintenance to harvest and marketing stages and found as many as 26 types of plants with 4 canopy strata namely strata A, B, C, and D and using random planting patterns. Average total income of farmers is Rp 90,581,483 ha/year and the average contribution of agroforestry to farmers’ income is 97%.
Optimization PGRs concentration using the TIS (Temporary Immersion System) method on Tembesu plants (Fagraea fragrans Roxb)
Authors: Ruben Eunike Christafilia , Gusmiaty  , Iswanto  , A’ida Nur
Published: February 2025

Tembesu (Fagraea fragrans Roxb) is one of the high-value wood-producing tree species in Indonesia, known for its ease of shaping and resistance to cracking. However, Tembesu is overexploited without adequate reforestation, resulting in limited availability of Tembesu wood in the wild. Tissue culture is a technique for vegetative propagation of plants through the use of plant cells, tissues, or organs in a controlled medium (in vitro) under aseptic conditions. One of the tissue culture technologies is the Temporary Immersion System (TIS), which uses a short-term immersion system and periodic immersion. The success of plant propagation through tissue culture is determined by the medium and plant growth regulators (PGRs). This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of PGRs for optimizing the growth of Tembesu explants using the TIS method. The research method began with the preparation of materials/explants, sterilization of equipment, media preparation, Planting, observation, and data analysis. The results showed that the MS medium with the addition of 2 ppm BAP is the optimal medium for the growth of Tembesu explants using the TIS method.
Diversity species of leaf litter decomposer fungi Avicennia marina at a salinity 11-20 ppt in The downstream of The Deli Belawan River
Authors: Yunasfi  , Sembiring Sephia , Sihotang Vinancia Mia S. , Lubis Sri Rusmayanti , Sitepu Gloury Arizona , Purba Jhon Ganda , Silalahi Rikson
Published: February 2025

Mangrove leaf litter is very important in transferring organic material from vegetation into the soil through the decomposition process.Fungi and macrobenthos are thedecomposers that aid in the breakdown of A. marina leaf litter. The decomposition process of litter will produce organic materials such as carbohydrates and proteins which are very important for waters. This study aims to determine the species and diversity of fungi, as well as quantify the amount of protein and carbohydrates present during the process and calculate the pace of decomposition. This research approach stores leaf litter in a Litter-bag, which will be segregated and the rate of decomposition measured. Determination of carbohydrate and protein levels is carried out at the Medan Industrial Standardization and Services Center. The research was carried out in August 2023 January 2024. The findings indicated that the leaf litter of A. marina included six different species of fungi, with an average fungal species diversity of 1.69, placing the species in the medium range. The leaf litter of A. marina decomposes rate is 14.60/year. The mean proportion calculated of carbohydrate is 10.72% and protein is 7.38% in A. marina leaf litter.
Diversity of thalloid liverworts and hornworts in North Sumatra
Authors: Siregar Etti Sartina , Susilo Ferdinand
Published: February 2025

Research on the diversity of thalloid liverworts and hornworts in North Sumatra has never been reported in sufficient. These plants have an ecological role and potential as a material for medicines. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to identify the species of thalloid liverworts and hornworts in North Sumatra. The research was conducted using the exploration method, exploring along the existing paths at the research site. The results of the study identified as many as 13 species of thalloid liverworts belonging to 6 families and 2 species of hornworts belonging to 2 families. The largest family is Marchantiaceae consisting of 6 species and 2 sub species, while the other families consist of one species. In this paper, a brief description and pictures of each species obtained are provided.
Food habit of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) landed at the Pantai Labu Fishing Port (TPI) Deli Serdang Regency
Authors: Hasibuan Julia Syahrani , Panggabean Rachel Christy , Susetya Ipanna Enggar , Manurung Vindy Rilani , Fadhilah Amanatul
Published: February 2025

Indian mackerel has a lot of demand in the community because it has high economic value and high nutritional value. The study aims to determine the types of food consumed by Indian mackerel and determine the food habits of fish. Research on the food habits of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) at the TPI Pantai Labu, Deli Serdang Regency, which was carried out in September – November 2022. The number of Indian Mackerel samples in this study was 264 individuals. The total length of the observed fish is between 120 – 335 mm. The relative gut length of mackerel is 1.19 so the fish is classified as an omnivorous fish, index of stomach content ranges from 1.012 to 1.018. The main food for mackerel is phytoplankton, complementary food is zooplankton and gastropods, and additional food is worms, squids, anchovies, and shrimp.
Plus tree selection of meranti bukit ( Shorea platyclados) in Dolok Sibual Buali Nature Reserve, North Sumatra
Authors: Rangkuti Ahmad Baiquni , Hartini Kansih Sri , Siahaan Samuel Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Selecting the right seed source or plus tree is one of the most important aspects in breeding activities forest plants, either generatively or vegetatively. Selection of the right plus tree determines the results and process of the next activity. In determining plus trees, several characters are needed that can be used as parameters in assessing the phenotype of a tree. parameters in assessing the phenotype of a tree. Assessment of phenotype characters can also determine the form of growth found in a tree. contained in a tree. The purpose of this research is to determine the candidate S. platyclados plus trees found in the Dolok Sibual-Buali Nature Reserve area. Candidate selection method candidate plus tree is done by using the comparison method. Analysis of data analysis carried out is analysis by using a table of values for the observed traits. A total of six S. platyclados as candidate trees plus that have been determined. The highest total score was found on candidate number tree candidate number 2 with a total score of the highest total score was found on candidate tree number plus 2 with a total score of 82 and the lowest on candidate tree number plus 6 with a total score of 67, while other candidate plus trees were found in the total score of 68-78. This difference in total score is because the appearance of a tree is influenced by differences in genotypes, differences in the environment where the tree grows, and the interaction between genotype and environment.
Population structure of Amorphophallus prainii Hook in Batu Jong-Jong Village, Bahorok District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Rambey Ridahati , Siregar Feby Arista , Surbakti Brando Rivaldi
Published: February 2025

Amorphophallus prainii is a type of amorphophallus endemic to North Sumatra, which has white flowers and has yellow flesh. Amorphophallus has been declared a protected plant in Indonesia according to Government Regulation No. 7/1999 (Appendix PP. No. 7/1999). Based on the results of research conducted using the Nasted sampling method, Amorphophallus prainii on Hevea brasiliensis land cover as many as 47 individuals, on Elaeis guinensis land cover as many as 149 individuals, and on riverside land cover as many as 229 individuals in 25 plots of each land cover vegetation analysis. Vegetation consists of various phases, namely the understorey phase, the seedling phase, the sapling phase, the pole phase and the tree phase. There are 19 types of rubber land cover, 11 types on Elaeis guinensis land cover and 24 types on riverside land cover that has an important value index above 10% allowing the type to maintain its sustainability.
Landuse of buffer zone in accommodating between community livelihood and habitat of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) at Lau Damak Village, North Sumatera
Authors: Patana Pindi , Ali Kirana Arvianti , Thoha Achmad Siddik , Purwoko Agus , Alikodra Hadi Sukadi , Kuswanda Wanda , Pilianna Situmorang Rospita Odorlina , Suntornvongsagul Kallaya , Rahmawaty  , Abdullah Muhammad Fuad , Suratman Mohammad Nazip
Published: February 2025

Land use changes within the buffer zone of Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) are predicted to affect the use of space and interaction between humans and animals such as Sumatran tigers. This study was conducted to analyze community activities and their impacts within the buffer zone, a habitat for Sumatran tigers at Lau Damak Village, Bahorok District, Langkat Regency. The methods used were field observations and interviews with the community. Selection of respondents purposively with snowball sampling resulted in 51.11% working as farmers, and 67% being the Karo tribe. Agricultural activities of the community based on land status are mostly 37.8% located in other-use areas. Their land was cultivated with palm oil, rubber, mixed gardens, and crops. People who have seen tiger activities directly crossing the community land area are 17.8%. The results showed that the land use type factor did not affect the tiger presence, which means that any type of land use does not influence the Sumatran tiger presence. They will continue to visit areas that can fulfill their ecological needs in terms of food, water sources, and places to survive.
Analysis of the impact of pine forest management: Case study in Ronggur Nihuta Village, Samosir Regency
Authors: Limbong Josephine Anastasia , Situmorang Tonny P. , Arifin Adil , Fauzan Indra , Rahmadani Suci
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze the impact of pine forest management in Ronggur Nihuta Village, Samosir Regency on the cultivating community as well as the impact of pine forest management on environmental sustainability which emerged as a result of a letter requesting to stop tapping pine trees from the Samosir regional government. Considering that as many as 75% of the people in Ronggur Nihuta Village, Samosir Regency depend on their livelihood from tapping pine resin. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research method. The results of the research show that the impact of pine forest management problems on the community led to demonstrations. However, this action was responded to by the Samosir district DPRD, which stated that the community could manage pine forests again as long as they managed the forest in accordance with the SOP (Government Operational Standards). In the sense that the demonstration they carried out was successful even though they could not meet directly with the regent of Samosir. Meanwhile, environmental sustainability can be achieved if it is encouraged by several things such as, socialization and replacement of pine sap tapping methods (A1), planting forest trees at pine sap tapping locations, increasing assistance to the community (A3), developing tourism potential in the area (A4), and provide training to tappers.
Fault diagnosis of induction motor rotor broken bars based on rectification technique and Goerztel algorithm
Authors: Wang Zhaowei , Fan Husheng , Song Xiangjin , Chen Qian , Liu Guohai
Published: February 2025

In the early diagnosis of broken rotor bars (BRBs) in induction motors (IMs), the fault sideband frequency under no-load or light-load conditions is weak and difficult to extract. Meanwhile, existing methods for obtaining speed information rely on speed sensors, which increases hardware costs. To address this issue, a speed estimation method has been adopted, and a novel diagnostic technique combination method has been investigated in this paper. This method utilizes the rectification technique as the demodulation technique, and the Goertzel algorithm is employed as the spectral analysis tool. The stator current is demodulated by the rectification technique, and the fundamental frequency component is converted into a DC component, which effectively suppresses the impact of the fundamental spectrum leakage on BRB fault diagnosis and speed estimation. To verify the investigated method, the experiments are carried out on two datasets obtained from the Sao Paulo University and the experimental platform, under different severity of BRBs and loads. The results show that the investigated method can obviously extract the fault characteristic frequency, and it is easy to implement with less computation, strong real-time performance, and low hardware cost.
CS-Unet: a method for assessing the hazard of water ponding in railway drainage ditches
Authors: Xu Guiyang , Luo Shengmin , Bai Tangbo , Du Kaihua , Wu Kefeng , Xiang Houxue
Published: February 2025

In view of the problems that the terrain and geological conditions at the portals of railway tunnels are complex, the routine inspection of the front slopes drainage ditches is rather difficult, and it is also hard to efficiently handle the water ponding problem, this paper proposes a method for evaluating the water ponding hazard of the front slopes drainage ditches in railway tunnels based on an improved Unet. Firstly, by adding the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) during each down - sampling process of the Unet model to enhance the segmentation accuracy of the model, and replacing the original backbone network ResNet (Residual Network) of the Unet model with the ShuffleNet v2 network to reduce the number of model parameters and improve the segmentation efficiency of the model, the CS - Unet model in this paper is constructed. Subsequently, this paper uses the self - built high - definition unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image dataset of railway drainage ditches to conduct sufficient ablation experiments and comparison experiments on the CS-Unet model. The experimental results show that, compared with the original model, with an improvement of 2.52%, 1.97%, and 2.18% in Accuracy, mPA, and mIoU metrics, respectively. Furthermore, the number of parameters is also reduced to 23.7% of that of the original model. This further confirms the effectiveness of the improvement scheme in this paper and the superiority of the model’s segmentation performance. Finally, based on the model segmentation results, a hazard assessment method for the proportion of water ponding area was constructed, and a quantitative assessment experiment was carried out on some railway drainage ditch water ponding image data to verify the feasibility of the method. Our proposed CS-Unet model provides a new idea for the accurate detection and scientific assessment of railway drainage ditch water ponding diseases and diseases in similar scenarios, which is of great significance for improving the overall efficiency of railway disease inspection and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the railway system.
FEM investigation of the effect of structural bonding patterns on masonry walls strengthened by FRP
Authors: Ahiwale Dhiraj D , Kontoni Denise-Penelope N , Jadhav Aniket V
Published: February 2025

Masonry, an age-old and extensively employed construction material across the globe, possesses inherent brittleness that renders it vulnerable to seismic pressures. To bolster the structural resilience of masonry walls, the integration of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) sheets stands as a notable method. In order to comprehend the behavior of structures under diverse boundary conditions, numerical analysis assumes paramount importance. In this study, a comprehensive computational analysis to explore the impact of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) sheets on masonry walls is conducted, all the while incorporating varied brick bond patterns. Specifically, the examination delves into three distinct FRP aspect ratios and investigates their influence alongside six vertical pre-compression levels, employing the Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling technique. The investigation encompasses six distinctive bond patterns: Header, Stretcher, Flemish, English, Herringbone, and Plus, each representing a unique structural arrangement. The brick walls are modeled utilizing a streamlined micro-modeling methodology within the widely adopted finite element software Abaqus. The application of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) involves diagonal placement upon the masonry walls. The subsequent analysis involves subjecting the constructed models to concentrated in-plane loads. The outcomes, covering aspects such as compressive strength, minimum principal stresses, force-displacement characteristics, and failure prediction according to the Tsai-Hill criterion, are meticulously scrutinized and discussed. The findings of the investigation distinctly highlight the superiority of certain bond patterns over others in terms of structural performance. Among these, the Herringbone, Plus, and Flemish bond patterns emerge as the most effective, outperforming their counterparts across various assessed parameters.
Fast Bayesian inference for neutrino non-standard interactions at dark matter direct detection experiments
Authors: Amaral Dorian W P , Liang Shixiao , Qin Juehang , Tunnell Christopher
Published: February 2025

Multi-dimensional parameter spaces are commonly encountered in physics theories that go beyond the standard model. However, they often possess complicated posterior geometries that are expensive to traverse using techniques traditional to astroparticle physics. Several recent innovations, which are only beginning to make their way into this field, have made navigating such complex posteriors possible. These include GPU acceleration, automatic differentiation, and neural-network-guided reparameterization. We apply these advancements to dark matter direct detection experiments in the context of non-standard neutrino interactions and benchmark their performances against traditional nested sampling techniques when conducting Bayesian inference. Compared to nested sampling alone, we find that these techniques increase performance for both nested sampling and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, accelerating inference by factors of

∼

100

and

∼

60

, respectively. As nested sampling also evaluates the Bayesian evidence, these advancements can be exploited to improve model comparison performance while retaining compatibility with existing implementations that are widely used in the natural sciences. Using these techniques, we perform the first scan in the neutrino non-standard interactions parameter space for direct detection experiments whereby all parameters are allowed to vary simultaneously. We expect that these advancements are broadly applicable to other areas of astroparticle physics featuring multi-dimensional parameter spaces.
Temporality and justice in mining impacted regions
Authors: Connelly S , Halseth G , Matanzima J , Mateus M , Markey S , Measham T , Reeves J M , Rifkin W , Ryser L , Sefa-Nyarko C
Published: February 2025

The accelerating impacts of climate change call for urgent action to decarbonize our socio-technical systems based on coal and oil. Frequently, these shifts involve decisions made in distal capital cities, or distant countries, that have significant impacts on resource-based communities. Among those impacts, we focus on temporal justice: the disjuncture between the timeframes of urgent decisions about transition options to meet policy objectives and the timeframes experienced by residents of regions affected by those decisions. This article reveals how these impacts fit within trajectories of change in energy-related resource-extracting regions through six case examples in Australasia (Hunter Valley, Latrobe Valley, West Coast region of New Zealand), Canada (Alberta), and Africa (Ghana, Zimbabwe). Each setting is at a different point in the mine lifecycle (from exploration and planning of new mines, through to closure, rehabilitation and relinquishment). Included are places where residents mourn the past glory days of coal to regions where closure is imminent, to regions wary of the rush to start new mines for energy transition minerals to support increases in electrification. Collectively, the case studies illustrate the varied complexity of energy transitions and how multiple forms of justice (environmental, procedural, recognition, restorative, distributive and intergenerational) shape the key issues and required responses to transition challenges. The cases highlight the notion that a capacity for local communities to respond to these changes is impacted by embedded senses of identity, agency in the transition process, and a legacy of past activity and injustices. Because each of these factors takes time to work through, there is a disconnect between the urgency of transition due to growing global impacts and the time required for host communities to become effective participants in their own local transitions.
Sontag’s Classical World
Authors: Cox Fiona
Published: February 2025

Harnessing the approaches towards culture and the ancient world that she articulates in Against Interpretation, where she rejects stultifying, cerebral, sterile readings of texts, in favour of the seductive pleasures of the life of the mind, Sontag shows us ‘the erotics of art’ in practice within her novel The Volcano Lover. The novel depicts the relationship between Emma Hamilton, her husband and her lover, Nelson, but it is also a meditation upon the ways in which approaches to the ancient world, and to culture more generally, become part of the fabric of one’s very being, as exemplified particularly by the Cavaliere, Emma’s husband, whose attitude to culture seems very similar to that of Sontag herself. It is in The Volcano Lover that we are able to see how her liberated mind relishes the intertextual richness and possibilities of the eighteenth century and to consider what we may continue to learn from this today.
Art and the Nourishment of Consciousness
Authors: Epstein Katharina
Published: February 2025

This essay discusses the theme of alienation from the senses which Sontag develops in ‘In Plato’s Cave’ and other essays and juxtaposes it with Plato’s and Kafka’s elaborations of the same theme. To Sontag, this alienation is the condition humaine she identifies for her generation. In ‘Plato’s Cave’, Sontag uses the Platonic cave allegory as a springboard to warn about decaying senses and sensibilities. Her oblique and associative take on Plato’s cave allegory is selective to a point where ‘Plato’s Cave’ might also be termed Kafka’s cave, a space where modern matrices of perception have fogged up our vision. Sontag suggests a therapy for alienation: encountering art, she contends, has the power to nourish consciousness and to restore both our aesthetic and our ethical sensibilities.
Figuring Death in Classical Athens
Authors: Clifford Emily
Published: February 2025

Conversation One opens with discussion of an extract from Plato’s myth of Er in the Republic, highlighting the questions that underpin the book. It sets out the book’s purpose and claims, approach and methodology, scope, and contribution. The section on scope outlines the significance of the cultural, intellectual, historical framework within which the media examined in the book were produced and received. The section on contribution situates the book within two areas of scholarship, work on death and work on art and text (including their role in idea-formation and the value of a multi-media approach).
Niobes
Authors: Clifford Emily
Published: February 2025

Conversation Three uses the figure of Niobe to delve further into themes of bodies, stone, and exemplarity. Focusing on Niobe’s appearance in Sophocles’ Antigone and on a fifth-century Athenian mixing bowl (krater) from Sicily, it considers how Niobe’s body-turned-stone prompts reflection not only on what it might be like to die (to transform from a person to a corpse) but also on what it means to see someone else die. In both examples, bodies that observe death seem to experience it not just vicariously but also physically, reproducing material transformation in their own body and so suggesting the possibility of virtual experience in response to another’s example.
Victory, Victory, Victory?
Authors: Clifford Emily
Published: February 2025

This chapter focuses on the west frieze of the temple of Athena Nike, incorporating details from the rest of the temple and sanctuary. It looks first at the relationships between visibility and visualization of death: what does it take to notice death in a sculpted battle scene? Then it considers how the sacred-mythological backdrop contributes to meditation on death. Finally, it discusses the image of a trophy, which is set within an ongoing battle scene and so is an ambivalent symbol of crisis. How does the trophy draw attention to existential stakes within and beyond the figured scene? It is likely that the temple was substantially built and completed in the late 420s bce, and so was viewed (and perhaps conceived) against the backdrop of not just the Peloponnesian War but the plague that struck Athens at the start of that decade.
Death and the Plague in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War
Authors: Clifford Emily
Published: February 2025

This chapter treats Thucydides’ account of the first outbreak of the plague of Athens (History 2.47–54) as exemplary of a wider historiographical and existential discourse—a discourse with implications not just for the knowability of death but also for its suitability as a topic in Thucydidean history. It begins by examining how Thucydides foregrounds problems of exteriority when thinking about disease. Next, it considers questions of generality: to what extent can (and should) particular incidences of disease and death be subsumed into a single account? Central to this section is a consideration of mass death and the distinctive way in which it might shape epistemological reflection. Finally, it considers the poetics of Thucydides’ account. What does it do to combine a literary register worthy of τὸ μυθῶδες with an empirical one?
Figuring (Out) Death
Authors: Clifford Emily
Published: February 2025

Conversation Four puts the chapters in conversation, delving into three themes that pull them together and call attention to some of their differences: distance (the sense in which death lies beyond the experience of the living); particularity and generality; and virtual reality (the status of art and literature as created artefacts, artefacts that offer a virtual means of encountering and exploring death from the outside). It then considers the extent to which the phenomenon of culturally mediated thinking about death that the chapters suggest might be historically situated, acknowledging the immediate and wider audiences of the material studied. It ends with emphasis on not just the cultural particularity of Athenian ways of grappling with death, but also the commonality that might be found across different times and places in the necessity of exploring death imaginatively. It concludes with an example from the contemporary arts: Trevor Guthrie’s Myself as a Specimen (2009).