bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of clinical and radiographical assessment of manual and rotary technique during pulpectomy procedure in primary teeth – in vivo study
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Khanduja Ritu , Masih Updesh , Gupta Sonal , Kaushik Manisha
Published: November 2019

Aim: To determine the clinical and radiographical success of pulpectomy treated teeth by comparing two different file systems using manual (K –file) and paediatric rotary file (Kedo-S).

Methods: Fifty subjects were selected for pulpectomy procedure in the age group of 3 to 6 years divided into two groups, group A(25 sample size) pulpectomy performed using k-file AND group B( 25 sample size) where the pedo rotary kedo-S file system was used. Follow-up was done at 3, 6 and 9 months. Both clinical as well as radiographic signs and symptoms were evaluated and analysed by using Fisher Exact –test..

Results: The success rate for clinical evaluation found to be 100% with Kedo-S rotary files whereas it was 92% using K-files. The success rate for radiographical evaluation found to be 100% using Kedo-S rotary files for both periapical and furcation radiolucency while 92% for the root resorption. In case of K- files, both periapical and furcation radiolucency was found to be 92% while 80% was root resorption after a 9 month follow-up. After statistical analysis of both the file systems at 3, 6 and 9 months follow-up, the findings came as insignificant(p>0.05).
Conclusion: Although the result of clinical and radiographical evaluation after respective follow-up was not that much clear by the present study but the success rate of pulpectomy treated cases was found to be 100% with Kedo-S pedo rotary file.

Keywords: Pulpectomy, K-files, Kedo-S files.
Antimicrobial Effect of Acacia Nilotica Extracts on Endodontic Microorganisms
Authors: Alobaid Adel , Fadul Abdalla , Alqahtani Reem , Alqahtani Norah
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Acacia nilotica is widely used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial agent. Endodontic irrigations exhibit lot of disadvantages with incomplete removal of bacteria. Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the prototype irrigation against primary endodontic infections, while 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is the best for secondary endodontic infections.

Aim: This study aims to examine the antimicrobial effect of Acacia nilotica against clinical isolates of endodontic microorganisms compared to traditional(NaOCl and CHX).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 12 random clinical samples were collected for bacterial isolation and identification. Clinical isolates were identified as (Streptococcus viridans& staphylococcus aureus). A well identified candida albicans was also used.
Acacia nilotica bark was collected, washed, dried and then grounded to fine powder. Specimens were percolated in methanol, filtrated, and concentrated for crude extract.
Autoclaved Mueller Hinton media were used for antimicrobial sensitivity test. Microorganisms were inoculated and test material was loaded as original and 50% for 24h. Antibacterial activity was measured by zone of inhibition

Results:
All tested agents showed an excellent zone of inhibition against all microorganisms tested with their original concentration. Acacia nilotica showed excellent ZOI with more linear effect in both concentrations against S. viridans and S. aureus.

Conclusion:
Acacia nilotica has shown an excellent zone of inhibition in both original and 50% concentration, therefore, it may be an excellent substitute or adjunct irrigation solution of hebetic origin in endodontics. We recommend taking this material to the next level as an endodontic irrigant.

Key words :
Antimicrobial, Acacia Nilotica, Extracts , Endodontic, Microorganisms
Unveiling the Efficiency of Vermicompost Derived from Different Biowastes on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant Growth and Soil Health
Authors: Aslam Zubair , Bashir Safdar , Hassan Waseem , Bellitürk Korkmaz , Ahmad Niaz , Niazi Nabeel Khan , Khan Ahsan , Khan Muhammad Imran , Chen Zhongbing , Maitah Mansoor
Published: November 2019

The present study was conducted to explore the role of different types of vermicomposts (VCs) prepared from different substrates to improve soil health (physical and chemical properties) and wheat plant growth under field conditions. Different combinations of vermicompost prepared from different substrates (cow dung, paper waste, and rice straw) and inorganic fertilizers were applied in soil using wheat as a test plant. The impact of three different VCs on physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient availability in soil was evaluated to examine their efficacy in combination with chemical fertilizers. Temporal trends in vermicomposting treatments at various stages showed significant improvement in physico-chemical attributes of the VCs substrates. All the plant physiological attributes showed significant response where N:P:K 100:50:50 kg ha−1 + 10 t ha−1 cow dung vermicompost was applied. In addition, post-harvest analysis of soil not only revealed that different combinations of the vermicomposting treatments improved the soil health by improving the physico-chemical attributes of the soil. Conclusively, application of cow dung vermicompost along with recommended NPK not only improved crop yield, soil health, reduced insect (aphid) infestation but also fortified grains with Zn and Fe.
Copy Number Variation of the CADM2 Gene and Its Association with Growth Traits in Yak
Authors: Ge Fei , Jia Congjun , Chu Min , Liang Chunnian , Yan Ping
Published: November 2019

Copy number variation (CNV) is currently accepted as a common source of genetic variation. It is reported that CNVs may influence the resistance to disease and complex economic traits, such as residual feed intake, muscle formation, and fat deposition in livestock. Cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2) is expressed widely in the brain and adipose tissue and can regulate body weight through the central nervous system. Growth traits are important economic traits for animal selection. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of CADM2 gene copy number variants on yak growth traits. Here, two CNVs in the CADM2 gene were investigated using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the association of the CNVs with growth traits in yak was analyzed using statistical methods by SPSS software. Differences were considered significant if the p value was < 0.05. Statistical analysis indicated significant association of CADM2-CNV2 with the body weight of the Chinese Ashidan yak. A significant effect of CNV2 (p < 0.05) was found on body weight at 6 months. In CNV2, the gain-type copy number variation exhibited greater performance than the other variants, with greater body weight observed at 6 months (p < 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate the function of CADM2-CNVs and their association with growth traits in animals. This may be a useful candidate marker in marker-assisted selection of yaks.
Effect of Dextrose Supplementation in the Pre-Ovulatory Sow Diet to Reduce Seasonal Influences on Litter Birth Weight Variation
Authors: Plush Kate , Glencorse Dannielle , Alexopoulos Jena , Tritton Sally , Kirkwood Roy , D’Souza Darryl
Published: November 2019

In this experiment, we proposed two hypotheses: birth weight variation would increase in litters from sows bred in summer, and dextrose supplementation during the wean to mate period would ameliorate this manifestation of seasonal infertility. Five hundred and ninety-one multiparous sows were allocated to Control; standard diet, or Dextrose; control +5% dextrose diets from weaning until insemination during summer and winter. Dextrose sows farrowed 1.0 and 1.4 more total pigs born and pigs born alive than Control sows, respectively (p < 0.05). There was a tendency for a higher co-efficient of variation (CV) birth weight in summer than winter (16.6 ± 0.4 versus 15.8 ± 0.4; p = 0.1), but no effect of treatment or interaction between treatment and season was observed. Piglet average daily gain was unaffected in those born to sows bred in summer, but when born to sows bred in winter, Dextrose piglets grew 23 g per day faster than Control (p < 0.05). This experiment identified evidence for increased birth weight CV in sows bred during the summer months despite the reduced litter size, suggesting that this is another way seasonal infertility can manifest.
Group and Single Housing of Male Mice: Collected Experiences from Research Facilities in Sweden
Authors: Zidar Josefina , Weber Elin M. , Ewaldsson Birgit , Tjäder Solveig , Lilja Josefin , Mount James , Svensson Camilla I. , Svensk Emma , Udén Eva , Törnqvist Elin
Published: November 2019

Animals used for scientific purposes are protected by EU legislation. Social animals should be kept in stable groups that enable species-typical social behavior and provide individuals with social comfort. However, when group-housing male mice, aggression within the homecage is a common husbandry and welfare problem. Excessive fighting and injuries due to aggression can cause pain and stress, resulting in individuals being euthanized or housed individually. In addition, stress can alter physiological parameters, risking scientific validity and generating larger sample sizes. Mouse aggression, and the consequences thereof, thus opposes the 3R goals of Refining the methods to minimize potential pain and suffering and Reducing the number of animals used. Animal technicians, veterinarians, and scientists using animals have valuable information on how these problems are experienced and handled in practice. We assembled these experiences from laboratory animal facilities in Sweden, mapping problems observed and identifying strategies used to prevent mouse aggression. In line with current literature, less aggression was perceived if mice were grouped before sexual maturity, re-grouping avoided and nesting material transferred at cage cleaning. Preventing aggression will minimize pain and suffering and enable housing of stable groups, leading to more reliable scientific outcomes and is thus of high 3Rs relevance.
Effects of Different Protein Levels on the Nitrogen Balance, Performance and Slaughtering Traits of Cinta Senese Growing Pigs
Authors: Aquilani Chiara , Sirtori Francesco , Franci Oreste , Acciaioli Anna , Bozzi Riccardo , Benvenuti Doria , Čandek-Potokar Marjeta , Pugliese Carolina
Published: November 2019

Cinta Senese is characterized by slow growth rates, which implies different nutritional requirements compared to major pig breeds. Four different crude protein levels (120, 140, 160 and 180 g/kg on as-fed basis, denoted as CP12, CP14, CP16 and CP18) were tested to assess the optimal protein requirements of Cinta Senese pigs during the growing phase. The in vivo performance, slaughtering traits and nitrogen balance were evaluated using individual pens and metabolic crates. Increasing the protein level in feed lowered the average daily gain (from 0.76 to 0.71 kg/d), final weight (63.0 kg for CP12 versus 60.7 kg for CP16) and reduced the protein conversion efficiency (from 0.37 to 0.58). Also, protein conversion in lean protein linearly increased from CP12 (4.82) to CP18 (7.43), which implies a worsening in the protein utilization efficiency. The nitrogen balance showed higher loss of N through urine (from 0.68 g/d/kg metabolic weight for CP12 to 1.14 g/d/kg metabolic weight for CP18) as the dietary CP levels increased, and a decrease in the biological value (51.78 for CP12 versus 36.54 for CP16). The results indicated that the CP12 diet was adequate for fulfilling the Cinta Senese protein requirements during the growing phase.
Harnessing the Potential of Killers and Altruists within the Microbial Community: A Possible Alternative to Antibiotic Therapy?
Authors: Ikryannikova Larisa N. , Kurbatov Leonid K. , Soond Surinder M. , Zamyatnin Andrey A.
Published: November 2019

In the context of a post-antibiotic era, the phenomenon of microbial allolysis, which is defined as the partial killing of bacterial population induced by other cells of the same species, may take on greater significance. This phenomenon was revealed in some bacterial species such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis, and has been suspected to occur in some other species or genera, such as enterococci. The mechanisms of this phenomenon, as well as its role in the life of microbial populations still form part of ongoing research. Herein, we describe recent developments in allolysis in the context of its practical benefits as a form of cell death that may give rise to developing new strategies for manipulating the life and death of bacterial communities. We highlight how such findings may be viewed with importance and potential within the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and pharmacology.
Novel Tetracyclines Versus Alternative Antibiotics for Treating Acute Bacterial Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lan Shao-Huan , Lin Wei-Ting , Chang Shen-Peng , Lu Li-Chin , Lai Chih-Cheng , Wang Jui-Hsiang , Chao Chien-Ming
Published: November 2019

This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of novel tetracyclines for treating acute bacterial infections. Data from PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Cochrane databases, Ovid Medline, and Embase databases were accessed until 11 July 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of novel tetracyclines with that of other antibiotics for treating acute bacterial infections were included. Primary outcomes included the clinical response, microbiological response, and risk of adverse events (AEs). A total of eight RCTs were included, involving 2283 and 2197 patients who received novel tetracyclines and comparators, respectively. Overall, no significant difference was observed in the clinical response rate at test of cure between the experimental and control groups (for modified intent-to-treat [MITT] population, risk ratio [RR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99–1.05; for clinically evaluable [CE] population, RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04; and for microbiological evaluable [ME] population, RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99–1.04). No significant difference in the microbiological response at the end of treatment was observed between the experimental and control groups (for ME population, RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99–1.03; for microbiological MITT population, RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.96–1.07). No difference was observed concerning the risk of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious adverse events, and discontinuation of treatment due to TEAEs and all-cause mortality between the two groups. In conclusion, clinical efficacy and safety profile for novel tetracyclines in the treatment of acute bacterial infections were found to be similar to those for other available antibiotics.
Effects of Food Processing on In Vivo Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Properties of Green Tea Extracts
Authors: Xu Xiao-Yu , Zheng Jie , Meng Jin-Ming , Gan Ren-You , Mao Qian-Qian , Shang Ao , Li Bang-Yan , Wei Xin-Lin , Li Hua-Bin
Published: November 2019

Food processing can affect the nutrition and safety of foods. A previous study showed that tannase and ultrasound treatment could significantly increase the antioxidant activities of green tea extracts according to in vitro evaluation methods. Since the results from in vitro and in vivo experiments may be inconsistent, the in vivo antioxidant activities of the extracts were studied using a mouse model of alcohol-induced acute liver injury in this study. Results showed that all the extracts decreased the levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase in serum, reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and triacylglycerol in the liver, and increased the levels of catalase and glutathione in the liver, which can alleviate hepatic oxidative injury. In addition, the differences between treated and original extracts were not significant in vivo. In some cases, the food processing can have a negative effect on in vivo antioxidant activities. That is, although tannase and ultrasound treatment can significantly increase the antioxidant activities of green tea extracts in vitro, it cannot improve the in vivo antioxidant activities, which indicates that some food processing might not always have positive effects on products for human benefits.
Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and Sinapic Acid on Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Cardiac Tissue and Serum of Type 2 Diabetic Female Rats
Authors: Zych Maria , Wojnar Weronika , Borymski Sławomir , Szałabska Katarzyna , Bramora Piotr , Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak Ilona
Published: November 2019

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes. They are considered the leading cause of death among diabetics. One of the mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiovascular complications is oxidative stress. Many phenolic acids are regarded as antioxidants. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) and sinapic acid (SA) on oxidative stress parameters in the cardiac tissue and serum of type 2 diabetic female rats. Additionally, the effect of these compounds on glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in the serum was evaluated. Type 2 diabetes was induced with high-fat diet and streptozotocin. RA at the doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg and SA at the doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg were administrated orally for 28 days. Untreated diabetic rats exhibited unfavorable changes in glucose metabolism and lipid profile. Changes in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers indicated the onset of oxidative stress in these animals. The results showed that the higher doses of the tested phenolic acids—50 mg/kg of RA and 25 mg/kg of SA—revealed beneficial effects on oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats.
Anti-Congestion Route Planning Scheme Based on Dijkstra Algorithm for Automatic Valet Parking System
Authors: Yu Luyang , Jiang Haobin , Hua Lei
Published: November 2019

Based on the Dijkstra algorithm, with the parking parameters in the static state, the shortest route to each parking space of the parking lot without dynamic influence factors can be calculated. In the new technology background of the combination of the V2X environment and driverless technology, the dynamic influence factors, for example, the lanes occupancy situation caused by parking, can be considered to improve the shortest route with the new scheme in this paper. Then the final route that costs the least time to reach each parking space will be calculated. This is very important for the development of the intelligent transportation system in the parking lot environment.
Numerical Simulation and Mechanism Analysis on the Concave Deformation of Automotive Dry Clutch Pressure Plate
Authors: Gong Yubing , Wang Penghui , Ge Wencheng , Yi Yun-Bo
Published: November 2019

It is well known that slipping in automotive clutches is closely related to the concave deformation of the pressure plate, but the mechanism of this deformation is not clear. A simplified model of a pressure plate assembly is developed by simulating the deformation field of the plate under the condition of continuous sliding, followed by natural cooling to room temperature. The distribution of displacement is obtained from numerical simulations. The equivalent von Mises stresses of the pressure plate with or without concave deformation are analyzed and compared. The mechanism leading to the concave deformation of the pressure plate is put forward in terms of equivalent von Mises stress. The results show that (1) the concave deformation of the pressure plate is produced during the cooling process and (2) the profile of the concave deformation is determined by its thermal stress distribution. The deformation is mainly caused by the overstressed upper part of the inner rim of the pressure plate during clutch operations.
Stressing State Analysis on a Single Tube CFST Arch Under Spatial Loads
Authors: Yang Kangkang , Yuan Jian , Shi Jun , Zheng Kaikai , Shen Jiyang
Published: November 2019

This paper analyzes the stressing state characteristics of a concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch model under spatial loads, using the method of modeling structural stressing state and the thin plate simulating interpolation (TSI) method. Firstly, the parameter-generalized strain energy density (GSED) is applied to model the stressing state of the arch. Then, the normalized GSED sum at each load plots the characteristic curve. The characteristic loads P (66 kN) and Q (85 kN) in the curve are distinguished by the Mann–Kendall (M–K) criterion. To characterize structural axial and bending stressing states, the parameters of the sectional average strain and generalized bending strain are proposed as stressing state submodes. Finally, the TSI method is used to interpolate strain data for deep analysis of internal forces. By modeling the structural stressing state, the working behavior characteristics of arch structures are greatly revealed in a particular view and the results could provide a reference for the development of bridge design.
Water Temperature and Salinity Measurement Using Frequency Comb
Authors: Zhang Haoyun , Xu Xinyang , Zhao Haihan , Dong Fanpeng , Qian Zhiwen , Xue Bin
Published: November 2019

Water temperature and salinity are key parameters in many fields such as industry, forestry and agriculture. In this paper, we, theoretically and experimentally, demonstrate a method which is capable of water temperature and salinity measurement based on a laser frequency comb at 518 nm. We have developed a simple Michelson interferometer system. By scanning a mirror on a precision displacement platform, a pair of cross-correlation patterns can be obtained. The real-time optical distance information from these cross-correlation patterns can be used to calculate the optical distance difference changes. Temperature and salinity can be measured via these changes, aided by the empirical formulas. Compared with the reference values, our results show the differences of below 0.12 °C for temperature measurements, and 0.06‰ for salinity measurements. The obtained results indicate that our method can offer a powerful scheme for future temperature and salinity measurement.
A Study on Data Profiling: Focusing on Attribute Value Quality Index
Authors: Jang Won-Jung , Lee Sung-Taek , Kim Jong-Bae , Gim Gwang-Yong
Published: November 2019

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, companies are focusing on securing artificial intelligence (AI) technology to enhance their competitiveness via machine learning, which is the core technology of AI, and to allow computers to acquire a high level of quality data through self-learning. Securing good-quality big data is becoming a very important asset for companies to enhance their competitiveness. The volume of digital information is expected to grow rapidly around the world, reaching 90 zettabytes (ZB) by 2020. It is very meaningful to present the value quality index on each data attribute as it may be desirable to evaluate the data quality for a user with regard to whether the data is suitable for use from the user’s point of view. As a result, this allows the user to determine whether they would take the data or not based on the data quality index. In this study, we propose a quality index calculation model with structured and unstructured data, as well as a calculation method for the attribute value quality index (AVQI) and the structured data value quality index (SDVQI).
Evaluation of A Regional Climate Model for the Eastern Nile Basin: Terrestrial and Atmospheric Water Balance
Authors: Abdelwares Mohamed , Lelieveld Jos , Hadjinicolaou Panos , Zittis George , Wagdy Ahmad , Haggag Mohammed
Published: November 2019

The study of water balance is considered here as a way to assess the performance of regional climate models and examine model uncertainty and as an approach to understanding regional hydrology, especially interactions between atmospheric and hydrological processes. We studied the atmospheric and terrestrial water balance over the Eastern Nile Basin (ENB) region using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The model performance in simulating precipitation and surface air temperature is assessed by comparing the model output with the data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Center dataset for precipitation and from the University of Delaware for temperature. The results show that the simulated and observed values correlate well. In terms of water balance, the study region was found to be a sink for moisture, where the atmospheric convergence is negative during most of the time. Most of the precipitation originates from moisture fluxes from outside the domain, and the contribution of local evapotranspiration to precipitation is limited, with small values for the moisture recycling ratios year-round. The atmospheric moisture content does not show significant monthly or annual variation. The results indicate that the terrestrial water storage varies seasonally, with negative fluxes during most of the year, except June, July, and August, when most of the precipitation occurs.
The Belgian Repository of Fundamental Atomic Data and Stellar Spectra (BRASS)
Authors: Lobel Alex , Royer Pierre , Martayan Christophe , Laverick Michael , Merle Thibault , Van der Swaelmen Mathieu , van Hoof Peter , David Marc , Hensberge Herman , Thienpont Emmanuel
Published: November 2019

Background: BRASS (Belgian Repository of Fundamental Atomic Data and Stellar Spectra) is an international networking project for the development of a new public database providing accurate fundamental atomic data of vital importance for stellar spectroscopic research. We present an overview of research results obtained in the past four years. Methods: The BRASS database offers atomic line data we thoroughly tested by comparing theoretical and observed stellar spectra. We perform extensive quality assessments of selected atomic input data using advanced radiative transfer spectrum synthesis calculations, which we compare to high-resolution Mercator-HERMES and ESO-VLT-UVES spectra of F-, G-, and K-type benchmark stars observed with very high signal-to-noise ratios. We have retrieved about half a million atomic lines required for our detailed spectrum synthesis calculations from the literature and online databases such as VAMDC, NIST, VALD, CHIANTI, Spectr-W 3 , TIPbase, TOPbase, SpectroWeb. Results: The atomic datasets have been cross-matched based on line electronic configuration information and organized in a new online repository called BRASS. The validated atomic data, combined with the observed and theoretical spectra are also interactively offered in BRASS. The combination of these datasets is a novel approach for its development providing a universal reference for advanced stellar spectroscopic research. Conclusion: We present an overview of the BRASS Data Interface developments allowing online user interaction for the combined spectrum and atomic data display, line identification, atomic data accuracy assessments including line log(gf)-values, and line equivalent width measurements.
Muscle-Specific Modulation of Spinal Reflexes in Lower-Limb Muscles during Action Observation with and without Motor Imagery of Walking
Authors: Kaneko Naotsugu , Masugi Yohei , Usuda Noboru , Yokoyama Hikaru , Nakazawa Kimitaka
Published: November 2019

Action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) are useful techniques in neurorehabilitation. Previous studies have reported that AO and MI facilitate corticospinal excitability only in those muscles that are active when actually performing the observed or imagined movements. However, it remained unclear whether spinal reflexes modulate multiple muscles simultaneously. The present study focused on AO and MI of walking and aimed to clarify their effects on spinal reflexes in lower-limb muscles that are recruited during actual walking. Ten healthy males participated in the present study. Spinal reflex parameters evoked by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation were measured from five lower-limb muscles during rest, AO, and AO combined with MI (AO + MI) conditions. Our results showed that spinal reflexes were increased in the tibialis anterior and biceps femoris muscles during AO and in the tibialis anterior, soleus, and medial gastrocnemius muscles during AO + MI, compared with resting condition. Spinal reflex parameters in the vastus medialis muscle were unchanged. These results indicate the muscle-specific modulations of spinal reflexes during AO and AO + MI. These findings reveal the underlying neural activities induced by AO, MI, and their combined processes.
Semi-Automatic Signature-Based Segmentation Method for Quantification of Neuromelanin in Substantia Nigra
Authors: Zupan Gašper , Šuput Dušan , Pirtošek Zvezdan , Vovk Andrej
Published: November 2019

In Parkinson’s disease (PD), there is a reduction of neuromelanin (NM) in the substantia nigra (SN). Manual quantification of the NM volume in the SN is unpractical and time-consuming; therefore, we aimed to quantify NM in the SN with a novel semi-automatic segmentation method. Twenty patients with PD and twelve healthy subjects (HC) were included in this study. T1-weighted spectral pre-saturation with inversion recovery (SPIR) images were acquired on a 3T scanner. Manual and semi-automatic atlas-free local statistics signature-based segmentations measured the surface and volume of SN, respectively. Midbrain volume (MV) was calculated to normalize the data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of both methods. PD patients had significantly lower SN mean surface (37.7 ± 8.0 vs. 56.9 ± 6.6 mm2) and volume (235.1 ± 45.4 vs. 382.9 ± 100.5 mm3) than HC. After normalization with MV, the difference remained significant. For surface, sensitivity and specificity were 91.7 and 95 percent, respectively. For volume, sensitivity and specificity were 91.7 and 90 percent, respectively. Manual and semi-automatic segmentation methods of the SN reliably distinguished between PD patients and HC. ROC analysis shows the high sensitivity and specificity of both methods.
A Novel Neighbor Housing Environment Enhances Social Interaction and Rescues Cognitive Deficits from Social Isolation in Adolescence
Authors: Pais Alexander B. , Pais Anthony C. , Elmisurati Gabriel , Park So Hyun , Miles Michael F. , Wolstenholme Jennifer T.
Published: November 2019

Adolescence is characterized by high levels of playful social interaction, cognitive development, and increased risk-taking behavior. Juvenile exposure to social isolation or social stress can reduce myelin content in the frontal cortex, alter neuronal excitability, and disrupt hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function. As compared to group housed animals, social isolation increases anxiety-like phenotypes and reduces social and cognitive performance in adulthood. We designed a neighbor housing environment to alleviate issues related to social isolation that still allowed individual homecages. Neighbor housing consists of four standard mouse cages fused together with semi-permeable ports that allow visual, olfactory, and limited social contact between mice. Adolescent C57BL/6J males and females were group housed (4/cage), single housed (1/cage), or neighbor housed (4/complex). As adults, mice were tested for social, anxiety-like, and cognitive behaviors. Living in this neighbor environment reduced anxiety-like behavior in the social interaction task and in the light-dark task. It also rescued cognitive deficits from single housing in the novel object recognition task. These data suggest that neighbor housing may partially ameliorate the social anxiety and cognitive deficits induced by social isolation. These neighbor cage environments may serve as a conduit by which researchers can house mice in individual cages while still enabling limited social interactions to better model typical adolescent development.
Do Students Really Use Internet Access for Learning in the Classroom?: Exploring Students’ Cyberslacking in an Indonesian University
Authors: Simanjuntak Ermida , Nawangsari Nur Ainy Fardana , Ardi Rahkman
Published: November 2019

University students, as ‘digital natives’, use the internet for learning in the classroom. However, the availability of internet access in the classroom becomes a challenge, because students also engage in non-academic internet access during lectures. The use of the internet during lectures for non-academic purpose is called cyberslacking. Self-regulated learning (SRL) and media multi-tasking efficacy (MME) are considered to be important factors contributing to cyberslacking. The participants in this study were students in a private university in Indonesia (N = 423). The results show that only self-regulated learning made any significant contribution to cyberslacking in the classrooms. Further research should be conducted to consider external factors, such as instructors’ contributions, classrooms circumstances and the university policy towards internet usage.
Role of the YAP-1 Transcriptional Target cIAP2 in the Differential Susceptibility to Chemotherapy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients with Tumor RASSF1A Gene Methylation from the Phase 3 IFCT-0002 Trial
Authors: Dubois Fatéméh , Keller Maureen , Hoflack Julien , Maille Elodie , Antoine Martine , Westeel Virginie , Bergot Emmanuel , Quoix Elisabeth , Lavolé Armelle , Bigay-Game Laurence , Pujol Jean-Louis , Langlais Alexandra , Morin Franck , Zalcman Gérard , Levallet Guénaëlle
Published: November 2019

RASSF1 gene methylation predicts longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer treated using paclitaxel-based neo-adjuvant chemotherapy compared to patients receiving a gemcitabine-based regimen, according to the randomized Phase 3 IFCT (Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique)-0002 trial. To better understand these results, this study used four human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) models (HBEC-3, HBEC-3-RasV12, A549, and H1299) and modulated the expression of RASSF1A or YAP-1. Wound-healing, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis assays were then carried out and the expression of YAP-1 transcriptional targets was quantified using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This study reports herein that gemcitabine synergizes with RASSF1A, silencing to increase the IAP-2 expression, which in turn not only interferes with cell proliferation but also promotes cell migration. This contributes to the aggressive behavior of RASSF1A-depleted cells, as confirmed by a combined knockdown of IAP-2 and RASSF1A. Conversely, paclitaxel does not increase the IAP-2 expression but limits the invasiveness of RASSF1A-depleted cells, presumably by rescuing microtubule stabilization. Overall, these data provide a functional insight that supports the prognostic value of RASSF1 gene methylation on survival of early-stage lung cancer patients receiving perioperative paclitaxel-based treatment compared to gemcitabine-based treatment, identifying IAP-2 as a novel biomarker indicative of YAP-1-mediated modulation of chemo-sensitivity in lung cancer.
Myoinvasive Pattern as a Prognostic Marker in Low-Grade, Early-Stage Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Ruz-Caracuel Ignacio , Ramón-Patino Jorge L , López-Janeiro Álvaro , Yébenes Laura , Berjón Alberto , Hernández Alicia , Gallego Alejandro , Heredia-Soto Victoria , Mendiola Marta , Redondo Andrés , Peláez-García Alberto , Hardisson David
Published: November 2019

Low-grade and early Federation for Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EEC) have an excellent prognosis. However, approximately 10% of patients develop recurrence, which cannot be correctly predicted at diagnosis. We evaluated myoinvasive patterns as a prognostic factor of relapse in low-grade, early-stage EEC. Two-hundred and fifty-eight cases were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: (i) endometrioid endometrial carcinomas, (ii) grade 1 or 2 with (iii) FIGO stage I or II, and (iv) clinical follow-up. Slides were reviewed to annotate the myoinvasive pattern present in each case (infiltrative glands, microcystic, elongated and fragmented –MELF-, broad front, adenomyosis-like and adenoma malignum). Microsatellite instability was studied by immunoexpression of mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6). There were 29 recurrences (11.2%) among the 258 cases analysed. A predominant broad front myoinvasive pattern was significantly associated with tumour relapse (p = 0.003). The presence of a pattern of infiltrative glands (p = 0.001) and microsatellite instability (p = 0.004) were associated with lower disease-free survival, without having an impact on overall survival. Our observations suggest the potential value of the pattern of myoinvasion as a prognostic factor in low-grade, early-stage endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.
Mechanistic Signatures of Human Papillomavirus Insertions in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Morel Adeline , Neuzillet Cindy , Wack Maxime , Lameiras Sonia , Vacher Sophie , Deloger Marc , Servant Nicolas , Veyer David , Péré Hélène , Mariani Odette , Baulande Sylvain , Rouzier Roman , Kamal Maud , El Alam Elsy , Jeannot Emmanuelle , Nicolas Alain , Bièche Ivan , Cacheux Wulfran
Published: November 2019

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) carcinogenesis has been clearly established, involving the expression of viral oncoproteins and optional viral DNA integration into the host genome. In this article, we describe the various mechanisms and sites of HPV DNA insertion and assess their prognostic and predictive value in a large series of patients with HPV-positive ASCC with long-term follow-up. We retrospectively analyzed 96 tumor samples from 93 HPV-positive ASCC patients using the Capture-HPV method followed by Next-Generation Sequencing, allowing determination of HPV genotype and identification of the mechanisms and sites of viral genome integration. We identified five different mechanistic signatures of HPV insertions. The distribution of HPV signatures differed from that previously described in HPV-positive cervical carcinoma (p < 0.001). In ASCC samples, the HPV genome more frequently remained in episomal form (45.2%). The most common signature of HPV insertion was MJ-SC (26.9%), i.e., HPV–chromosomal junctions scattered at different loci. Functionally, HPV integration signatures were not associated with survival or response to treatment, but were associated with viral load (p = 0.022) and PIK3CA mutation (p = 0.0069). High viral load was associated with longer survival in both univariate (p = 0.044) and multivariate (p = 0.011) analyses. Finally, HPV integration occurred on most human chromosomes, but intragenic integration into the NFIX gene was recurrently observed (n = 4/51 tumors). Overall, the distribution of mechanistic signatures of HPV insertions in ASCC was different from that observed in cervical carcinoma and was associated with viral load and PIK3CA mutation. We confirmed recurrent targeting of NFIX by HPV integration, suggesting a role for this gene in ASCC carcinogenesis.
Photoelectrocatalytic Hydrogen Production Using a TiO2/WO3 Bilayer Photocatalyst in the Presence of Ethanol as a Fuel
Authors: Adamopoulos Panagiotis Marios , Papagiannis Ioannis , Raptis Dimitrios , Lianos Panagiotis
Published: November 2019

Photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production was studied by using a photoelectrochemical cell where the photoanode was made by depositing on FTO electrodes either a nanoparticulate WO3 film alone or a bilayer film made of nanoparticulate WO3 at the bottom covered with a nanoparticulate TiO2 film on the top. Both the electric current and the hydrogen produced by the photoelectrocatalysis cell substantially increased by adding the top titania layer. The presence of this layer did not affect the current-voltage characteristics of the cell (besides the increase of the current density). This was an indication that the flow of electrons in the combined semiconductor photoanode was through the WO3 layer. The increase of the current was mainly attributed to the passivation of the surface recombination sites on WO3 contributing to the limitation of charge recombination mechanisms. In addition, the top titania layer may have contributed to photon absorption by back scattering of light and thus by enhancement of light absorption by WO3. Relatively high charge densities were recorded, owing both to the improvement of the photoanode by the combined photocatalyst and to the presence of ethanol as the sacrificial agent (fuel), which affected the recorded current by “current doubling” phenomena. Hydrogen was produced under electric bias using a simple cathode electrode made of carbon paper carrying carbon black as the electrocatalyst. This electrode gave a Faradaic efficiency of 58% for hydrogen production.
Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Pomace Oil Catalyzed by Zinc Stearate: A Kinetic Study of the Transesterification and Esterification Reactions
Authors: Alvarez Serafini Mariana Soledad , Tonetto Gabriela Marta
Published: November 2019

In this work, the simultaneous transesterification and esterification reactions of olive pomace oil with methanol catalyzed by zinc stearate were studied. This catalyst is a crystalline solid at room temperature, but it is soluble in the reaction medium at reaction temperature. Zinc stearate has surfactant properties that cause the formation of an emulsion in the reaction system. The stability of the emulsion formed in the oil–methanol–catalyst system was compared to that in the FAME (fatty acid methyl esters)–methanol–catalyst system. It was observed that the emulsion formed in the presence of high amounts of FAME is much more unstable, which makes the catalyst easy to separate from the reaction products. The kinetics of esterification and transesterification were also studied. All the kinetic and equilibrium constants were determined with a complete model, considering the three stepwise reactions corresponding to the transesterification of triglycerides and the esterification of free fatty acids. The parameters obtained were used to model the operating conditions that would allow obtaining biodiesel that meets the quality standards.
CD271+ Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Show Antiarrhythmic Effects in a Novel Murine Infarction Model
Authors: Sadraddin Haval , Gaebel Ralf , Skorska Anna , Lux Cornelia Aquilina , Sasse Sarah , Ahmad Beschan , Vasudevan Praveen , Steinhoff Gustav , David Robert
Published: November 2019

Background: Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are a common cause of sudden death after myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, developing new therapeutic methods for the prevention and treatment of VA is of prime importance. Methods: Human bone marrow derived CD271+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were tested for their antiarrhythmic effect. This was done through the development of a novel mouse model using an immunocompromised Rag2−/− γc−/− mouse strain subjected to myocardial “infarction-reinfarction”. The mice underwent a first ischemia-reperfusion through the left anterior descending (LAD) artery closure for 45 min with a subsequent second permanent LAD ligation after seven days from the first infarct. Results: This mouse model induced various types of VA detected with continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring via implanted telemetry device. The immediate intramyocardial delivery of CD271+ MSC after the first MI significantly reduced VA induced after the second MI. Conclusions: In addition to the clinical relevance, more closely reflecting patients who suffer from severe ischemic heart disease and related arrhythmias, our new mouse model bearing reinfarction warrants the time required for stem cell engraftment and for the first time enables us to analyze and verify significant antiarrhythmic effects of human CD271+ stem cells in vivo.
Upregulation of Mitochondrial Redox Sensitive Proteins in LPS-Treated Stefin B-Deficient Macrophages
Authors: Trstenjak Prebanda Mojca , Završnik Janja , Turk Boris , Kopitar Jerala Nataša
Published: November 2019

Stefin B (cystatin B) is an intracellular inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins and mutations in the stefin B gene, resulting in the development of Unverricht–Lundborg disease, which is a form of myoclonic epilepsy. It was suggested that a key mechanism behind stefin B-mediated disease progression was impaired redox homeostasis. Stefin B-deficient mice were found more sensitive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis as a consequence of increased expression of caspase-11 and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich Repeat and Pyrin domain containing (NLRP nflammasome activation and higher levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we investigated if LPS-triggered oxidative stress affected the protein levels and redox status of redox sensitive proteins—thioredoxin, peroxiredoxins, and superoxide dismutases in macrophages and spleens of LPS-injected mice. LPS challenge was found to result in a marked elevation in mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3), sulfiredoxin, and superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) in stefin B-deficient macrophages and spleens. We determined that sulfiredoxin is targeted to mitochondria after LPS challenge. In conclusion, the upregulation of mitochondrial redox-sensitive proteins Prx3 and Sod2 in stefin B-deficient cells implies a protective role of stefin B in mitochondrial function.
The Brain Entangled: The Contribution of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to the Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Manda-Handzlik Aneta , Demkow Urszula
Published: November 2019

Under normal conditions, neutrophils are restricted from trafficking into the brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid by the presence of the brain–blood barrier (BBB). Yet, infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) by neutrophils is a well-known phenomenon in the course of different pathological conditions, e.g., infection, trauma or neurodegeneration. Different studies have shown that neutrophil products, i.e., free oxygen radicals and proteolytic enzymes, play an important role in the pathogenesis of BBB damage. It was recently observed that accumulating granulocytes may release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which damage the BBB and directly injure surrounding neurons. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of NETs in various pathological conditions affecting the CNS.
The Role of Lysyl Oxidase Enzymes in Cardiac Function and Remodeling
Authors: Rodríguez Cristina , Martínez-González José
Published: November 2019

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) proteins comprise a family of five copper-dependent enzymes (LOX and four LOX-like isoenzymes (LOXL1–4)) critical for extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and remodeling. The primary role of LOX enzymes is to oxidize lysyl and hydroxylysyl residues from collagen and elastin chains into highly reactive aldehydes, which spontaneously react with surrounding amino groups and other aldehydes to form inter- and intra-catenary covalent cross-linkages. Therefore, they are essential for the synthesis of a mature ECM and assure matrix integrity. ECM modulates cellular phenotype and function, and strikingly influences the mechanical properties of tissues. This explains the critical role of these enzymes in tissue homeostasis, and in tissue repair and remodeling. Cardiac ECM is mainly composed of fibrillar collagens which form a complex network that provides structural and biochemical support to cardiac cells and regulates cell signaling pathways. It is now becoming apparent that cardiac performance is affected by the structure and composition of the ECM and that any disturbance of the ECM contributes to cardiac disease progression. This review article compiles the major findings on the contribution of the LOX family to the development and progression of myocardial disorders.