bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axiology and Agathology
Authors: Shokhin Vladimir K.
Published: September 2020

From the very beginning, attention is given to the fact that, being introduced at the very beginning of the 20th century, the axiology term, meaning the doctrine of values, almost immediately led to a boom in the development of theories of values (mainly in continental philosophy), whereas the agathology term, meaning the doctrine of goods, which was introduced in 1770 and then rediscovered in 1823, came to almost complete oblivion. For its rehabilitation, one of the commonplaces of the philosophy of the 20th and 21st centuries is reviewed, namely, the actual identification of goods and values, as a result of which the former of these concepts is absorbed by the latter. As for values, they are also usually viewed as common human needs, rather than deep and indivisible individual “inner possessions”. Therefore, it is proposed to distinguish between universal needs and personal valuables and to stratify the world of significant things into values, preferences, and goods. As a result, the latter of these varieties is interpreted as a sphere of practical mind (both in the Ancient and Kantian senses), teleologically loaded and with the potential to be included in a new, the fourth of the large programmes of theoretical ethics (able to compete well with consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics) and, at the same time, laid into the foundation of the cluster of philosophical disciplines, which is commonly termed as practical philosophy
Rational Theology in Polemic Strategies of Early Christian Apologues
Authors: Svetlov Roman V. , Shmonin Dmitry V.
Published: September 2020

The texts of early Christian apologists are an example of a clear argumentative reaction to a number of external and internal challenges. The internal ones included changes in the size and structure of the community, increased heterodoxia, and a decrease in eschatological moods. Among the external – on the one hand, the growth of hostility and systematic persecution on the part of Rome, on the other, the specific atmosphere of the “age of the Antonines”, age of imperators who practiced, at least formally, a policy of mercy. All this stimulated the development of rhetoric in Christian literature, the formation of the genre of Christian apology, as well as specific apologetic strategies, in which early Christian rational theology was reflected. Its most important element was the formation of ideas about a righteous life as the root condition of philosophical wisdom. It is this approach that helps, for example, Justin Martyr find a way to convert ancient wisdom into a rational-theological toolkit of apologetics
Foundations of a Philosophical Theory of Exceptions: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Zhavoronkov Alexey G.
Published: September 2020

The article presents the largely neglected ‘alternative’ history of the philosophical notion of exception, from Ancient Rome till the late 19th century, illustrated by Cicero, Leibniz, Kant, Hegel, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. While arguing against the common narrow view on exceptions as a political concept (following Carl Schmitt and others), the analysis lays out the much-needed historical foundation for a potential broad theory of exception, still notoriously absent in modern practical philosophy. The main goal is to demonstrate that in the history of philosophy the discussion concerning exceptions was not limited to philosophy of law, encompassing many other fields like epistemology, ethics, anthropology, social and political philosophy
Modeling Of Chlorophyll a Content in Microalgae Cultures
Authors: Lelekov A.S. , Trenkenshu R.P.
Published: September 2020

The work focuses on mathematical modeling of light influence mechanisms on chlorophyll a content in microalgae biomass. The well-known qualitative models are based on concepts
of synthesis and photodestructive oxidation of chlorophyll a, however the later for some microalgae species seems doubtful. We proposed an alternative approach
to modeling the light-dependent chlorophyll a content in microalgae biomass. The basic model is based on generally accepted two-stage photoautotrophic growth
of microalgae. At the first stage, during photosynthesis a reserve part of biomass is formed, from which the biosynthesis of cell structures occurs at
the second stage. Three partial solutions of the basic system of equations describing the dependence of chlorophyll a content on the external light
intensity are considered for various limiting conditions. Due to the equality of specific growth rates of formation of reserve and structural forms
of biomass, the equations obtained can be used only for turbidostat cultures. Verification of the obtained equations for Arthrospira platensis
allows us to estimate kinetic coefficients, the values of which are generally in good agreement with theoretically calculated ones. For approximate
calculations, a simple equation is proposed that shows a good agreement with experimental data for Tetraselmis viridis
(R2 = 0.98), Dunaliella tertiolecta (R2 = 0.92) and describes the results for Sceletonema costatum
and Chlorella vulgaris (R2 = 0.8) quite well. Chlorophyll a refers to structural forms of biomass.
The proportion of chlorophyll a in the structural biomass is about 2.5–3.5 %, it is a species-specific parameter.
Translated By V. N. Massen
Authors: Massen B. N.
Published: September 2020

Brse. With regard to statistics, Mackenrodt Schffer has already made fair and well-founded objections, and therefore I consider it unnecessary to expand on them. At the moment, I cannot give statistics that speak in favor of a good outcome in the treatment of Apostoli, since I have not yet prepared a set of all these data. I will subject this statistic to the most accurate review. Personally, I have not yet had a single fatal case in the treatment of Apostoli.
A case of vaginal infection with the formation of haematometra and haematocolpos after the first birth
Authors: Litkens A. A.
Published: September 2020

On February 12, 1893, the peasant woman Shimakova was admitted to the women's department of the Oryol provincial hospital with a complaint of the growth of her abdomen and severe pain in it. She gave birth to the first time 6 months ago. Childbirth is difficult, the child was born dead. After the birth of the ailment 3 weeks. Measurement of the pelvis was given by tr. 29, sp. 25 cr., 26, conj. ext.16.
Meeting of obstetric and gynecological societies. Administrative meeting on April 22nd. Protocol No. XII
Authors: Slavyanskiy K. F.
Published: September 2020

26 members were present; Batsevich, Badder, Brandt, Vasten, Bertsinsky, Vorobyov, Hermonius, Grinev, Danilovich, Dranitsyn, Zabolotsky, Zamshin, Zmigrodsky, lileev, Massen, Ott, Ruzi, Savchenko, Sadovsky, Salmanov, Stravinsky, Strogonov, Urvich, Fisher A. R., eberman, Eichfuss And 8 guests.
H D. Ingraham. A brief report of three cases of ectopic pregnancy (New-York Medical Journal, 1892, December 31). A brief report on 3 cases of extrauterine pregnancy
Authors: Kaplyanskiy V.
Published: September 2020

In the first case, the patient deliberately concealed the history of her illness, deliberately gave inconsistent data and thereby made it extremely difficult to diagnose. When the rupture of the fetal beetle in the abdominal cavity was clear, the patient resisted any surgical intervention and died. In the second case, the rupture of the fetal baby also occurred in the abdominal cavity, blood poured out, accumulated in the Douglas space, and the evacuation of the blood cyst per vaginam ended in the patient's recovery. In the third, an accidental fetus ruptured in the broad ligament and the egg now died.
Picqué. Opération césarienne suivie de succès pour la mère et pour l’enfant. (Gaz. des Hôpitaux 1893, № 37). Caesarean section with a safe outcome for the mother and child.
Authors: Sheinis L.
Published: September 2020

The history of this case is briefly as follows: Ms. B., 37 years old, poor health, menstruating at 17 years old, not abundantly but correctly; urination was always somewhat difficult.
D.S.Schetkin. Successfully operated cloaca after gangrene of the external genital organs, perineum, part of the rectum and urinary bladder. (Medin. Review. 1893. No. 1)
Authors: Krasnopolskiy F.
Published: September 2020

In a 60-year-old woman, after extensive gangrene, the genitals represented next a picture: the large and small lips are absent, a small piece hangs from the left small lip. The defect resulting from gangrene is bordered by a scar, the remainder of the urinary bladder is directly adjacent to the rectal wall in the same place, where its integrity is broken.
To the treatment of submucosal and interstitial fibrous tumors of the uterus in the postpartum period
Authors: Muratov A. A.
Published: September 2020

A significant number of works, both in foreign and domestic literature, are devoted to the treatment of fibrous intrauterine tumors during pregnancy and childbirth. I will point out here only some - Berlin), S. Braun), Hellwig), Ish.-Wall), Kashkarov), Pozzi), V. V. Sutugin), Baissent), Duret), Flgischlen) and many others. At the same time, regarding fibrous and intrauterine tumors in general, complicating the postpartum period of a woman, this cannot be said - they are still waiting for their turn in the sense of a more detailed elaboration of the issue.
Meeting of obstetric and gynecological societies. Protocol No. 5. the date of May 12, 1894
Authors: Ott D. O.
Published: September 2020

D.O. Ott chaired.Present: honorary member K. F. Slavyanskii, 45 members: Antipov. Balinsky, Bacewicz, Butchery, Wasting, Weber, Vertinsky, Wirearchy, Goralski, D., Dimant, Dobradinha, Dolinski, Dranitsyn, Zabolotskaya, Sunshiny, Kukushkin, Lapin, Lebedev, Lickus, Mazurkiewicz, Pulp, Petrovich, Polonsky, Recency, Rodzevich, rimsha, Savchenko, Sadowski, Salmanov, Serezhnikov, Sicinski, Stelmahovich, Stravinsky, the Land, Fisher A. R., Fratkin, Chagin, Chernyshev, Sverdlov, Schmidt, Stolz, of Luttenbach, Bermany, Eichfus and 63 guests.
Woman doctor M. A. Panfilovich. A case of eversion of the uterus. (Collection of protocols General Kaluga doctors for 1893 Kaluga. 1894, p. 53)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

A 20-year-old woman in childbirth, 41/2 weeks after childbirth (labor proceeded with a simple midwife, but apparently without vigorous interventions on her side), it was stated: high temperature, bleeding and typical inversion of the uterus.
M.D. Nikitin. On the fainting of a woman in childbirth in a forensic medical relationship. (News. General. Gig., Court. And Practice. Medicine, 1894, May)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

The forensic medical significance of the fainting of women in labor arose due to the fact that women accused of causing death to their newborn baby very often point to the fainting state in which they were at the time of delivery, or immediately after them. The author, on the basis of historical and literary data and his own observations, tries, as far as possible, to find out the grounds that the expert should be guided by when resolving questions about fainting in childbirth.
I. M. Lvov. Narrowing of the external opening of the cervix and its improvement in a simplified way Borissowicz'a. (Weekly, 1894, No. 29, p. 485)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

Making a brief outline of the pathology of narrowing of the cervical drip, the author points out the narrowing of the external opening, as a common cause (96%) of infertility in women and as a cause, together with inflammatory changes in the neck, painful months. When reducing the contraction, the author often resorts to cutting the neck (Sims) and praises this method.
A new modification of obstetric tongs
Authors: Dimant E. B.
Published: September 2020

Since the invention of obstetric forceps by Chamberlen and Palfyn, this instrument has undergone numerous modifications. Due to the different arrangement of the individual parts of the instrument and their various combinations, the number of varieties has increased greatly and reached 300 too. However, this diversity is only apparent. Leaving aside the various details of the device and secondary features that are not of great importance for the essence of the heart, we half-mean only a few types of forceps, differing mainly in the curvature of the spoons, in the structure of the lock, in the mutual relation of the two (intersecting and parallel). Each of these types has its own advantages.
Засѣданія акушерскимъ и гинекологическимъ обществъ. Протоколъ № 6. Засѣданіе 22-го сентября 1894 года
Authors: Ott D. O.
Published: September 2020

The chairman was D.O. Ott. 31 members were present: Batsevich, Bidder, Brandt, Verter, Gess, Geshvend, Goraiskiy, Grinev, Dimant, Dolinskiy, Zabolotskiy, Zamshin, Kakushkin, Lichkus K., Massen, Misevich, Polyetskovich, K. , Rutkovskiy, Serezhnikov, Stelmakhovich, Stravinskiy, Stroganov, Ulrikh, Urvich, Shverdlov, Schmidt, Stolts and 23 guests.
Meeting of obstetric and gynecological societies. Protocol No. 1. Annual meeting on January 18, 1894
Authors: Slavyanskiy K. F. , Ott Dm.
Published: September 2020

It was chaired by K.F. Slavyanskiy.72 members were present: Andreev, Baskin, Batsevich, Brandt, Bulilovskiy V.A., Bulilovskiy K.A., Balyaev, Vasten, Berninskiy, Viridarskiy, Volovskiy, Hermonius, Gorayskiy, Grinevich, Dobraynytsy Dimant, Zheltukhin, Zabolotskiy, Zamshin, Kakushkin, Kireev, Kreitzer, Krukovich, Lebedev, Lichkus, Mazurkevich, Martynov, Martsynkevich, Maslovskiy V.F., Petrov, Matseevskiy, Miller, Mershonov Polonskiy, Potebnov, Porshnyakov, Radetskiy I.I., Radetskiy R.K., Rachinskiy. Rostkovskiy, Ruzi, Runge, Rutkovskiy, Rymsha, Sadovskiy, Salmanov, Serezhnikov, Smolskiy, Stravinskiy, Stroganov, Sutugin, Tarnovskiy, Urvich, Fisher A.R., Fratkin, Chaginyakh, Shtverdnevskiy Yanpolskiy and 15 guests.
A. Rosner. Fibroids and pregnancy. (Przeglad lekarski, 1893, №№: 39-41)
Authors: Kaplyanskiy V.
Published: September 2020

An instructive case of laparotomy in an unrecognized pregnancy complicated by numerous, large fibroids is described by Dr. Alex. Rosner from Clinic Prof. Madurowicz'a in Krakow.
T. Solmann. Ciaza w macicy podwójnej. (Medycyna 1893, nos. 5-6). The case of pregnancy during pregnancy in a two-legged uterus, mistaken for graviditas extra-uterina
Authors: Kaplyanskiy B.
Published: September 2020

On May 31, 1892, she entered the surgical clinic of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit Ludwig Ger., 20 years old, sent from Lublin by Dr. Yavorovsky. The patient at 13 years old began to wear regulations, repeated every 4, 5, 6 weeks and lasting 4-5 days. Ger. got married 2 ]/2 years ago, and soon became pregnant; the pregnancy lasted 12 weeks and ended in miscarriage. Since this time, the months have become extremely painful, pain in the sacrum, loss of sexual attraction, sleepiness have appeared.
Alex. Rosner. Z. Kasuistyki ciecia cesarskiego (Pzeglad lekarski, 1893, No. 9-10). To the casuistry of the Caesar section
Authors: Kaplyanskiy V.
Published: September 2020

On June 26, 1892, she entered the clinic V para, 30 years old, with the childbirth that had already begun and the waters receding. The woman in labor suffers for about a year from some kind of tumor in the lumbar region, which causes her severe pain in the lower back and left leg; the latter is rotated inwardly and makes it difficult to walk.
A case of congenital absence of eyeballs. (Anophthalmia duplex congenita auctorum)
Authors: Massen V. N.
Published: September 2020

The congenital absence of eyeballs belongs to the most difficult, but, fortunately, very rare deformities in the development of the eye. People who were born "without eyes" are described by the authors back in the 16th century (Martinus Weinrichius) and others.) In the literature of 30-93 years of the current century, we find a significant number of cases of congenital absence of one or both eyes. Almost all cases related to the literature of this time are described by ophthalmologists and in most cases were observed in fully developed infants or even adult subjects, no deviation from the normal structure of their body in any other relationships that did not represent. In older (before the 30s) literature, we most often find references to anophthalmia congenita as one of the many abnormalities in an ugly fetus.
Woerz. Eine Missbildung mit Amniosnabel, Ektopie der Blase, Symphysenspalt und Spina bifida. (Centralblatt für Gynäkologie, No. I, 1894). Vicious development with amniotic navel, ectopia of the urinary bladder, splitting of the symphysis and spina bifida
Authors: Stroganov V.
Published: September 2020

In the clinic prof. Schaut'y healthy woman, who already had 2 healthy children, gave birth to an 8 month old boy with the following developmental defects. At the bottom of the abdomen, first of all, an amnotic navel, the size of a pigeon's egg, was observed; through the thin membrane of the navel it was possible to clearly see the intestinal loop.
Dührssen. Ueber Tubarschwangerschaft und die Behandlung der Blutungen in die Bauchhöhle infolge von Tubarschwangerschaft. (Deutsche med. Wochenschrift., 1894 r., No. 2 and 3). About tubal pregnancy and treatment of bleeding into the abdominal cavity during tubal pregnancy
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

The author insists on the need for abdominal hemorrhage in any case of intra-abdominal bleeding during tubal pregnancy. In cases simulating hemorrhage from the tube (for example, hemorrhage in the intestinal and stomach cavity), the cut of the abdominal walls to the peritoneum makes it possible to ascertain or exclude free blood in the peritoneal cavity, thanks to the education of the peritoneum.
Wehle. Die Walcher'sche Hängetage und ihre praktische Verwerthung bei geburtshülflichen Operationen. (Archiv für Gynäkologie, Bd. XLV, Hft. 2). Hanging position of Walcher and its application in obstetric operations
Authors: Khazan A.
Published: September 2020

Walcher's discovery, consisting in the fact that when the legs are hanging, conj. vera in pregnant women is almost a whole centimeter more than with the knees brought to the stomach, found by the author a brilliant practical application during the operations performed at the Dresden obstetric clinic * from October 1892 to June 1893.
Electrotherapy for peri-parametritis
Authors: Kupidonova V.
Published: September 2020

Inflammatory forms of the pelvic part of the peritoneum covering the uterus and its appendages (perimetritis) are clearly associated with the same forms of abdominal connective tissue (parametritis).Their symptoms and the usual treatment in most cases are similar to each other, so I combine these two pathological forms together, when reviewing them with electricity.
Dr. Yakov Rosenthal. Przypadok utworzenia sie kamienia w jamie pecherzowo-pochwowej po zupelnem zaszyciu przewodu pochwowego. (Colpokleisis). (Gazeta lekarska, No. 12, 1894). A case of the formation of a stone in the vesicovaginal cavity after the operation of the complete obliteration of the sleeve
Authors: Polonsky B.
Published: September 2020

In 42 years old, extremely emaciated, sick, 20 years ago, one who was giving birth, developed a vesicovaginal fistula during childbirth. Repeatedly perfect operations on this occasion did not bring relief to the patient, until, 5 years ago, she agreed to an operation of artificial vaginal closure (colpokleisis). A year and a half ago, the patient began to feel pain in the lower abdomen, which intensified in the last time to intolerance, in addition, there was an involuntary discharge of urine.
Results of measurements of the female pelvis outlet
Authors: Massen V. I.
Published: September 2020

Before proceeding to the examination of the data obtained by us, the measurements of the pelvic outlet on the living, we will allow to state how the general measurements of the pelvis were made in the Gavanskiy Maternity Shelter in those cases in which the exit was determined.
Dr. Iosif Yavorskiy. The case of hypertrophiae labii pudendi minoris. (Przeglad chirurgiczny. Volume II, Book II, 1894)
Authors: Polonsky B.
Published: September 2020

A 34-year-old married woman turned to the author with complaints of difficulty urinating, pain and burning in the genital parts. Coitus is always accompanied by severe pains in the external genital parts.
M.O. Kleinman. A case of a vaginal septum that served as an obstacle during labor. (Protocol of the meeting of the Obstetric and Gynecological Society in Kiev, book 7, 1894, p. 67)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

Primipara 19 years old. Legs are presented (at the exit). When extracting by the leg, it turned out that the fleshy crossbeam, going from the anterior vaginal wall to the posterior one, fell into the gluteofemoral fold of the fetus and prevented the extraction of the trunk.
G.L. Grauerman. Regarding the case of rupturae uteri completae sub partu with the outcome in recovery. (Medical Notes, 1895, No. 4)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

The author was invited to a woman in labor, 26 years old, who had given birth safely 4 times before. Now her childbirth lasted unsuccessfully for 3 days. She was found by the author in a state of extreme decay, very anemic. External examination determined the presence in the abdomen of two tumors of unequal size. An inaccurate history and lack of fetal heartbeat made the author doubt the presence of pregnancy.
A. N. Afanasyev. On the issue of post-natal microorganisms. (Protocol of the meeting of the Obstetric and Gynecological Society in Kiev, book 7, 1894, p. 79)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

The author investigated the allocation of 29 puerperas, out of whom in 20 postnatal period proceeded correctly and in 9 with complications. The selection was studied on various days of the post-birth period. For collecting lochies from various sections of the genital canal, the author came up with his own device. Lochies were examined under a microscope, were grafted into animals and fed on nutrient media. Microscopic studies have shown that postnatal compartments in the vast majority of cases contain microbes in a greater or lesser amount and variety of forms.
G.G. Levitsky. Kyphotic female pelvis. (Protocol of the meeting of the Obstetric and Gynecological Society in Kiev, book 7, 1894, p. 71)
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

Jewish woman, 22 years old. She gave birth once (forceps). After delivery, a vesicovaginal fistula was formed. Height is 141 cm. The limbs do not represent traces of a rickety process. Lordosis of the upper thoracic part of the spine and right-sided scoliosis of the lower thoracic part. Kyphosis lumbosacralis.
Dr. W. S. James. Prolonged gestation. (New-Jork medical Journal, Sept. 15, 94, p. 343). Prolonged pregnancy
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: September 2020

Dr. James observed in Cleveland, America, a pregnancy lasting over 10 months in a 27-year-old woman in her 5th pregnancy. The last regulations were with her on April 22, 1893, and on February 3, 1894, labor pains began, recognized by her midwife as false pains; the last day, indeed, ended soon. Dr. James, invited to her on 24/2/1894, found the cervix smoothed with no pain at all.
Legry and Dubrisay. Streptococcie infection of the fetus through the moutt during labor (Teratologie, 1884, vol. II, no. 1, p. 50). Infection of the fetus with streptococci during childbirth, penetrated through the mouth of the child
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: September 2020

The authors examined the corpses of newborns who died on the 1st day of their extrauterine life from broncho-pneumonia and from pleuro-pneumonia.
D-r Way. (Adelaide, in Australia). Ectopic gestation, ruptured left Fallopian tube, haemato-salpynx of the right tube of same patient. (The Avstralasian medical Gazette, 1894, IX, p. 299). Ectopic pregnancy, rupture of the left Fallopian tube and hemorrhage in the right tube
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: September 2020

The young woman, who considered herself pregnant, developed blood and pain after 5 weeks of pregnancy and lasted for six weeks. She was admitted to the hospital for the operation. In the left side of the pelvis, an elastic tumor the size of an orange was hidden, displaced the uterus to the right, and a stretched tube was felt behind the uterus. During anesthesia, the patient's breathing suddenly became superficial and the pulse weakened, the patient turned pale.
Apfelstedt. Zur operativen Behandlung der Myome während der Schwangerschaft und Geburt. (Arch. F. Gynak., Bd. XLVIII, Hft. 1). To surgical treatment of fibroids during pregnancy and childbirth
Authors: Khazan S. Y.
Published: September 2020

Preliminary description of a case of complications of childbirth by two myomas sitting in the lower segment of the uterus, in which a Porro operation was performed at the Gttingen Clinic with success, and a critical review recommended by many surgical interventions during pregnancy (the author comes to an artificial abortion, and to the conclusion that in case of complications of pregnancy with myomas, it is best to wait for the onset of labor and timely amputate the uterus, since this operation gives the best results both for the mother and the fetus.
The impact of education given to obese and preobese university students according to the health promotion model on nutrition and physical activities
Authors: İNCEDAL SONKAYA Zehra , GÜNAY Osman
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This investigation was conducted in order to evaluate the impact of education given to university students according to the Health Promotion Model (HPM) on their practices about nutrition and physical activity.Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted in Amasya University in the 2017–2018 educational year. Intervention and a control groups were formed from the students having a body mass index (BMI) 25 and over. A sociodemographic questionnaire, Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale–II (HLBS-II), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were administered to the students and height and weight measures were taken. The students in the intervention group were given education on healthy lifestyle behaviours in accordance with the HPM. Results:. In the intervention and control groups, significant increases were found in the HLBS sub-scale scores after education. The increase in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group. The increase in the IPAQ total score and walking sub-dimension score was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Education according to the HPM significantly improved the behaviours of students related to health responsibility, nutrition, and physical activity.
Updated GMICE for Central and Eastern North America Extending to Higher Intensities
Authors: Cramer Chris H.
Published: September 2020

Recent M 3–5 earthquakes near Cushing, Oklahoma, provide observations of intensity up to eight with accompanying ground motions due to close-in acceleration records at distances less than 30 km from the epicenters. Adding these observations to the existing Central and Eastern North America (CENA) ground-motion intensity correlation equation (GMICE) database allows the updating of a CENA GMICE from a linear (below intensity six) relationship to a more accurate bilinear relationship (up to intensity eight). The updating of the CENA GMICE is accomplished using linear regression and residual analysis. The analysis shows that the bilinear transition is fairly broad in the CENA covering one to two intensity units and one or more orders of magnitude in ground motion, depending on regression direction. The new CENA GMICE reduces the overprediction of ground motions from high intensities and the underprediction of intensities at both ends of the observed ground-motion range.
Россия и Китай в Большой Евразии
Authors: Лукин Александр
Published: September 2020

Китай и Россия – основные движущие силы евразийской интеграции. Россия продолжает политику “поворота на Восток”, в то время как Китай в русле своей инициативы “Один пояс – один путь” движется на Запад. Интересы России и Китая встретились в Евразии, и их дружеские отношения привели к формированию ряда проектов сотрудничества. Наиболее важными из них являются процесс интеграции между Евразийским экономическим союзом и Инициативой Экономического пояса Шелкового пути, а также план по созданию более широкого Евразийского экономического партнерства, или Большой Евразии. В данной статье рассматриваются причины, побудившие две страны активизировать сотрудничество в Евразии, его нынешнее состояние и перспективы.
Изменение стимулов и стратегий национальных правительств в условиях многоуровневого управления в Европейском союзе
Authors: Бусыгина Ирина , Filippov Mikhail
Published: September 2020

В эпоху глобализации механизмы принятия решений становятся все более сложными и включают игроков разной природы. Подход многоуровневого управления как многообещающая аналитическая модель, в фокусе которой находится адаптация процессов принятия решений к территориям/секторам с множественными юрисдикциями, получил признание как в силу того, что использование данного подхода позволяет более полно объяснить действия политических акторов в Евросоюзе в условиях, когда один и тот же актор будет использовать разные стратегии на разных институциональных площадках/уровнях – наднациональном, национальном и региональном. Будучи автономными, эти уровни стратегически взаимосвязаны: ключевые акторы принимают во внимание последствия взаимодействия на всех уровнях, но придают разное значение (вес) результатам различных “игр”. В зависимости от возможностей сотрудничества на разных уровнях и относительной значимости результатов такие связи между играми могут привести к использованию стратегий, которые для внешних наблюдателей, возможно, покажутся нелогичными. Авторы рассматривают стратегии национальных правительств в странах Евросоюза, изучая кейсы принятия внешнеполитического решения и политики сплочения с использованием подхода многоуровневого управления.
Мировые практики электоральных манипуляций
Authors: Турченко Михаил
Published: September 2020

В рецензии рассмотрена книга Ника Чизмана и Брайана Клааса “Как украсть выборы” (How to Rig an Election. New Haven, London: Yale University Press. 2019). На основе вторичных источников, а также первичных данных, собранных авторами в ходе полевой работы в странах Тропической Африки, Ближнего Востока и Юго-Восточной Азии, они рассказывают о манипулятивных тактиках, которые авторитарные инкумбенты используют во время выборов. Авторы описывают электоральные манипуляции, а также способы улучшения качества выборов как в авторитарных режимах, так и в демократических. В книге Н. Чизмана и Б. Клааса нет оригинальной теории, вместе с тем в тексте ставятся новые вопросы для эмпирических исследований. В их числе то, какие факторы влияют на выбор авторитарными инкумбентами тех или иных видов электоральных манипуляций и какого рода и масштаба воздействие оказывает на электоральное поведение избирателей дезинформация в социальных сетях. Работа будет интересна всем, кто хочет углубить знания об авторитарных выборах и политике электоральных манипуляций. Для тех же, кто глубоко знаком с литературой по сравнительному авторитаризму, содержание книги будет малоинформативным.
Plant Diversity and Nitrogen Addition on Belowground Biodiversity and
Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Biofuel Cropping Systems
Authors: Butt Jennifer
Published: September 2020

Bioenergy production may reduce the emission of CO2 which contributes to climate change,
particularly when management strategies are adopted that promote soil carbon (C) sequestration in
bioenergy cropping systems. Planting perennial native grasses, such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)
and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) may be used as a strategy to enhance soil C
accumulation owing to their extensive root systems. Fertilizer use may further promote soil C
sequestration, because of its positive impacts on plant production and soil C input. However, the
influence of fertilizer addition on soil C accumulation is variable across bioenergy cropping
systems, and fertilizer can negatively impact the environment. Increasing plant diversity may be
used as a strategy to enhance soil C accumulation while augmenting other ecosystem properties such
as soil biodiversity. The present study evaluates how inter- and intra- specific plant community
diversity and N addition influence soil C storage and soil biodiversity. Soil was collected from a
long-term (9 growing seasons) field experiment located at the Fermilab National Environmental
Research Park in Illinois, USA. Treatments included [1] three cultivars of big bluestem and three
cultivars of switchgrass cultivars grown in monoculture, [2] plant community diversity manipulated
at both the species- and cultivar level, and [3] nitrogen (N) applied annually at two levels (0 and 67
kg ha-1). The soil at the site was dominated by C3 grasses for 30 years before
replacement with C4 bioenergy grasses, which enabled quantification of plant-derived C
accumulation owing to the natural difference in isotopic signature between C3 and
C4 grasses. Soil samples were analyzed for [1] soil C and its δ13C isotopic
signature, and [2] nematode and soil bacterial diversity. Our results indicate that both plant
diversity and N addition influence soil community structure but not soil C storage or soil nematode
biodiversity. However, the addition of big bluestem to the plant species mixes enhanced plant-derived
C storage. In summary, our findings suggest that plant species identity can control soil C accumulation
in the years following land conversion, and that manipulating plant community structure in bioenergy
cropping systems may have a greater positive impact on soil C accumulation than N fertilization.
No Dogs Allowed
Authors: Gaona Kory
Published: September 2020

Service Animals (S.As.) are becoming more common throughout the United States and
are seen more frequently on college campuses. This study uncovers the lived experiences
of S.A. handlers on college campuses nationwide, to further understand the exclusion or
inclusion that S.A. handlers experience throughout their everyday life. Utilizing Critical
Disability Theory and Organizational Communication lenses through a series of open-ended
questions, this study analyzes a handler’s experience with their S.A. Adopting a qualitative
lens, I conducted one on one interviews. It filled a need for academia as present research on
S.As. typically focuses on quantitative research. I was able to uncover moments where dialogic
practices occurred or where dialogue would make a difference. The three main themes that emerged
were: 1) Faced Barriers, 2) Need to Educate, 3) Felt Support. Through these themes, I was able to
uncover that the real problem that is being faced by S.A. handlers is microaggressions. The goal
of this study is to help mitigate the amount of exclusionary practices that S.A. handlers experience
on college campuses. I discovered two actions that can be taken: acting as allies against microaggressions
and advocating how universities can better train their staff on how to handle interactions with S.As.
Detecting Undisclosed Paid Editing in Wikipedia
Authors: Joshi Nikesh
Published: September 2020

Wikipedia is a free and open-collaboration based online encyclopedia. The website has
millions of pages that are maintained by thousands of volunteer editors. It is part of
Wikipedia’s fundamental principles that pages are written with a neutral point of view and
are maintained by volunteer editors for free with well-defined guidelines in order to avoid
or disclose any conflict of interest. However, there have been several known incidents where
editors intentionally violate such guidelines in order to get paid (or even extort money) for
maintaining promotional spam articles without disclosing such information.

This thesis addresses for the first time the problem of identifying undisclosed paid articles
in Wikipedia. We propose a machine learning-based framework that uses a set of features based on
both the content of the articles as well as the patterns of edit history of users who create
them. To test our approach, we collected and curated a new dataset from English Wikipedia with
ground truth on undisclosed paid articles and a history of users who created those articles. Our
experimental evaluation shows that we can identify undisclosed paid articles with an AUROC of
0.98 and an average precision of 0.91. Moreover, our approach outperforms ORES, a scoring system
tool currently used by Wikipedia to automatically detect damaging content, in identifying
undisclosed paid articles.

We further propose recurrent neural network-based frameworks, that are variants of Long
Short-Term Memory (LSTM), using a set of features based on the patterns of edit history of users.
Our experimental evaluation also shows that we can identify undisclosed paid editors with an AUROC
of 0.93 and an average precision of 0.90 outperforming existing approaches while also outperforming
other baseline approaches in early detecting undisclosed paid editors. Finally, we show that our
proposed approaches can also be used to address other similar tasks achieving the maximum AUROC score
of 0.96, average precision score of 0.97, and accuracy score of 0.90. Also, in this thesis, we show
that our approaches are able to outperform other baseline approaches in early detecting both Undisclosed
Paid Editors and Wikipedia vandal editors surpassing the performance scores with as little as just two edits.

This thesis is an extension of our work that was published in WWW '20: The Web Conference 2020 held
in Taipei, Taiwan in April 2020. Wikipedia have shown significant interest in our published work and
we are currently collaborating for possible deployment of our system directly into their platform.
Spectral Fingerprints Predict Functional Phenotypes of a Native Shrub
Authors: Robb Brecken Cherice
Published: September 2020

Landscapes are rapidly changing. To understand these changes and how they may influence
coexisting herbivores, it is critical that we improve the ways in which we monitor changes in
plant species, populations, and functional phenotypic traits over space and time. Near infrared
spectroscopy (NIRS) is proving to be a valuable tool when it comes to this goal. NIRS is
noninvasive and can provide high-resolution temporal information, including structural and
chemical characteristics, on objects that are otherwise expansive, inaccessible, or imperceptible.
We used the threatened sagebrush-steppe ecosystem, which spans over 43 million hectares of the
Western United States, as a case study to test the accuracy in which NIRS can measure and classify
functional phenotypic traits of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) populations. Sagebrush habitats
are known to have extreme levels of genetic and chemical heterogeneity and plasticity. Yet, our
results showed that NIRS can classify species of sagebrush within a site, populations of sagebrush
within a species across sites, and phenology (both seasonally and annually) of sagebrush within a
population. These taxonomic, geographic, and phenological phenotypes are functionally important in
many ways, including determining species composition and distribution, identifying developmental
stages of individual plants, potentially detecting past and present anthropogenic and environmental
stressors, and predicting interactions with herbivores. Even so, habitat use by coexisting herbivores
is not always explained by these relatively crude phenotypes. Specifically, herbivores make foraging
decisions based on specific concentrations of chemical phenotypes that have functional consequences
for herbivores. Our research further demonstrated that NIRS can predict concentrations of individual
chemical compounds and classes of compounds, in the forms of both nutrients and toxins, in sagebrush
plants across species and populations. As such, we further tested if NIRS could directly predict browsing
by coexisting sagebrush herbivores, in the form of bite marks on plants. Although NIRS was not able to
predict herbivore foraging behavior, it shows promise for predicting foraging behavior indirectly
through predicted concentrations of phytochemicals and directly with finer tuned field validation
and model calibration. To monitor the threats of climate and anthropogenic disturbances on ecosystems,
it is essential we find better ways to quantify the functional phenotypes that mediate interactions
among plants, herbivores, and the environment. We show that NIRS can be a powerful tool in achieving
this aim.
Decellularization of Porcine Cartilage Promotes Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Chondrocytes
Authors: Stone Roxanne Nicole
Published: September 2020

Knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) is the most common type of osteoarthritis (OA) and accounts
for 70% of arthritis-related hospital admissions and 23% of clinical visits. Major limitations
in both the current non-surgical and surgical methods are that they only relieve pain and show
no evidence for restoring natural tissue anatomy. Leaders in the field propose that a stem cell
treatment approach holds promise for the regeneration of a greater proportion of hyaline-like
tissue at the repair site. (Cross et al., 2014; Escobar Ivirico, Bhattacharjee, Kuyinu, Nair, &
Laurencin, 2017; Helmick et al., 2008; Toh, Foldager, Pei, & Hui, 2014).

It is hypothesized that the fate of cells to differentiate toward a specific lineage is governed
by cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. (Djouad, Mrugala, Noël, & Jorgensen, 2006) It is
necessary to continue the optimization of cell-based biomaterials for clinically relevant therapies.
(Gupta PK & al, 2012).

To continue improving cell therapy options applicable to knee OA, decellularized cartilage from a
porcine ear was used as the scaffold for the growth and differentiation of human cartilage cells.
Decellularization techniques have been used to isolate an extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold from
cells in culture, tissues, or organs. These previous methods served as the foundation for the similar
procedures used in this study. Results presented by proteomic data showed that the methods used for
decellularization were successful in the removal of cellular components including nuclei, mitochondria,
cytosol, rough endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and Golgi biomarkers. Histology and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) show that decellularization resulted in creating a more porous scaffold. SEM
also showed that cells adhered to the surface of this novel scaffold.
In vitro Regeneration, Rooting, and Cloning of Artemisia tridentata
Authors: Barron Rachael
Published: September 2020

Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) is an ecologically important shrub found in
western North America. In vitro techniques can be applied to big sagebrush for the
purpose of studying gene function, genotypic and phenotypic plasticity studies, cloning,
genotypic preservation, and restoration. I performed experiments to develop an indirect
organogenesis protocol to regenerate whole Wyoming big sagebrush plants from leaf explants.
Callus formation frequency was 88% (±4.0%) in leaf explants cultured on medium containing
0.5 mg/l BAP and 1.0 mg/l NAA. Shoot formation frequency was variable between replicates and
was the highest when callus tissue was cultured on medium containing 1.5 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l
NAA, 37% to 80%. I tested several auxin treatments to induce root formation and concluded the
best to be 0.5mg/l IBA, which yielded 42% to 60% rooting. Taking into account all these variables,
I estimate the total regeneration efficiency to range between 14% to 43% on this set of
treatments. This protocol was also applied to basin big sagebrush. Callus formation was 100%
in leaf explants. Shoot formation was 34% (±14.6%), but shoots exhibited a hyperhydric phenotype
and were not transferred to root induction medium. The in vitro regeneration protocol developed
is a crucial element that would be required to transform big sagebrush using molecular approaches.
Experiments were also conducted to determine the feasibility of shoot tip and nodal cuttings to
develop adventitious roots in vitro. This method can provide genetically identical material much
faster than in vitro regeneration. Adventitious root formation in Wyoming big sagebrush cuttings
cultured on two media types was inconsistent, ranging from 10% in some experiments to 80% in others.
Limited success was achieved in nodal cuttings cultured on modified MS medium containing auxin and
cytokinin 12.5% (±5.6%). No root formation was achieved in mature plant tissue collected in the
field. Results indicated that genotypic influences were likely more responsible for variations
in rooting than the medium or vessel conditions tested. Cloning experiments in basin big sagebrush
further supported this notion. All material for these experiments came from half-sibling
individuals that was maintained separately throughout the course of the experiments. Some half-siblings
formed no adventitious roots on any treatments tested whereas others had high rates of formation on
all treatments. Further studies, utilizing exogenous PGRs, such as auxins, may provide more
successful adventitious root formation in shoot tips from both big sagebrush subspecies.
Dimerization of the Notch Intracellular Domain Results in Distinct Signaling Activity
Authors: Crow Jacob Jeffery
Published: September 2020

The Notch signaling pathway is a core component of multicellularity; enabling
cells to directly communicate with both their neighbors and the surrounding
microenvironment. These signals are translated directly through the Notch proteins,
where a fragment of Notch transitions into the nucleus to act as a co-transcription
factor, setting into motion a host of physiological responses. Commonly involved in
pathways that define a cell’s identity and fate decisions, what appears to be a
simplistic pathway instead exists in a state of high-tunability and strict control.
Missteps in this pathway are generally embryonically lethal or lead to a suite of
congenital disorders and cancers. Therefore, it’s pertinent to understand the mechanisms
of Notch that provide its flexibility and pleiotropic outcomes. One such property is
its ability to homodimerize on DNA while within its transcriptional activation complex,
resulting in an enhanced transcriptional signal of a select pool of Notch target genes.
This dissertation reviews the general mechanics behind Notch signaling, discusses how
the field of Notch dimerization came to be and where it stands currently, and finally,
details my contributions to the understanding of this regulatory mechanism. Despite
Notch’s ubiquitous function in metazoan life, there are still many mysteries behind this
signaling pathway. The work detailed here describes my time spent as a basic science
researcher, where my findings contribute a couple of puzzle pieces to the expansive
Notch signaling field.
Study of efficacy and adverse effect of fluticasone and formoterol combination in bronchial asthma
Authors: Chaddha Sharad , Kaur Tajinder
Published: September 2020

Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways associated with airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing particularly at night or in the early morning.Methods: This study has recruited 25 newly (male/female) cases of Bronchial Asthma diagnosed on the basis of spirometry in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital (ELMC&H). Patients were received Fluticasone/Formoterol (200/10 μg OD). The drugs were administered through metered-dose inhaler (MDI).Results: The mean forced expiratory volume recorded before treatment 54.92±4.47 in a group who were treated with formoterol/fluticasone combination changed to 75.48±5.03 after the treatment. No significant adverse effect of this regimens was observed.Conclusions: The results of this study revealed this regimen showed a significant improvement in lung functions without any significant adverse event.