bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TAZ stimulates exercise‐induced muscle satellite cell activation via Pard3–p38 MAPK–TAZ signalling axis
Authors: Kim Kyung Min , Yoo Gi Don , Heo Woong , Oh Ho Taek , Park Jeekeon , Shin Somin , Do Youjin , Jeong Mi Gyeong , Hwang Eun Sook , Hong Jeong‐Ho
Published: November 2023

Background

Exercise stimulates the activation of muscle satellite cells, which facilitate the maintenance of stem cells and their myogenic conversion during muscle regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. This study shows that the transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ) stimulates muscle regeneration via satellite cell activation.

Methods

Tazf/f mice were crossed with the paired box gene 7 (Pax7)creERT2 mice to generate muscle satellite cell‐specific TAZ knockout (sKO) mice. Mice were trained in an endurance exercise programme for 4 weeks. Regenerated muscles were harvested and analysed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Muscle tissues were also analysed by immunofluorescence staining, immunoblot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR). For the in vitro study, muscle satellite cells from wild‐type and sKO mice were isolated and analysed. Mitochondrial DNA was quantified by qRT‐PCR using primers that amplify the cyclooxygenase‐2 region of mitochondrial DNA. Quiescent and activated satellite cells were stained with MitoTracker Red CMXRos to analyse mitochondria. To study the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)–TAZ signalling axis, p38 MAPK was activated by introducing the MAPK kinase 6 plasmid into satellite cells and also inhibited by treatment with the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580.

Results

TAZ interacts with Pax7 to induce Myf5 expression and stimulates mammalian target of rapamycin signalling for satellite cell activation. In sKO mice, TAZ depletion reduces muscle satellite cell number by 38% (0.29 ± 0.073 vs. 0.18 ± 0.034, P = 0.0082) and muscle regeneration. After muscle injury, TAZ levels (2.59‐fold, P < 0.0001) increase in committed cells compared to self‐renewing cells during asymmetric satellite cell division. Mechanistically, the polarity protein Pard3 induces TAZ (2.01‐fold, P = 0.008) through p38 MAPK, demonstrating that the p38 MAPK–TAZ axis is important for muscle regeneration. Physiologically, endurance exercise training induces muscle satellite cell activation and increases muscle fibre diameter (1.33‐fold, 43.21 ± 23.59 vs. 57.68 ± 23.26 μm, P = 0.0004) with increased TAZ levels (1.76‐fold, P = 0.017). However, sKO mice had a 39% reduction in muscle satellite cell number (0.20 ± 0.03 vs. 0.12 ± 0.02, P = 0.0013) and 24% reduction in muscle fibre diameter compared to wild‐type mice (61.07 ± 23.33 vs. 46.60 ± 24.29 μm, P = 0.0006).

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate a novel mechanism of TAZ‐induced satellite cell activation after muscle injury and exercise, suggesting that activation of TAZ in satellite cells may ameliorate the muscle ageing phenotype and may be an important target protein for the drug development in sarcopenia.
A systematic review of the association between parent‐child communication and adolescent mental health
Authors: Zapf Holger , Boettcher Johannes , Haukeland Yngvild , Orm Stian , Coslar Sarah , Fjermestad Krister
Published: November 2023

Background

This systematic review addresses how adolescent‐rated parent‐child communication (PCC) quality is related to adolescent mental health.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search in Medline and APA PsycInfo, including peer‐reviewed quantitative studies examining associations between adolescent‐rated dyadic PCC quality and general as well as specific measures of adolescent mental health. Qualitative and case studies were excluded, as were studies reporting only parent‐rated communication quality or instruments assessing other constructs than dyadic PCC. We screened 5314 articles, of which 37 were included in the review. We assessed study quality with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

We synthesized the findings in a table and narratively, reporting the main outcomes organized according to mental health constructs. The included studies were mainly cross‐sectional. The results showed that adolescent‐rated PCC quality is negatively associated with mental health constructs, demonstrating small to large effects across different mental health constructs and populations. The associations were found for general mental health and specific domains, including depression, anxiety, psychosis, suicidal ideation, post‐traumatic stress symptoms, and addictive internet use/gaming.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate that PCC is a relevant variable to consider in assessing adolescent mental health and preventive efforts. Limitations include the exclusive focus on adolescent‐reported PCC questionnaires since parent‐ and observer‐rated instruments may lead to different results. Also, PCC is related to other constructs, such as dyadic relationships, that were not included in this review. We conclude that PCC is a relevant variable to consider in mental health research. Our findings suggest that PCC may be considered in mental health practice, both in terms of assessing its quality and potentially by tailoring interventions to enhance PCC. These may represent a mean to promote adolescent mental health.
Characteristics and prediction of risky gambling behaviour study: A study protocol
Authors: Czernecka Robert , Wirkus Theresa , Bühringer Gerhard , Kräplin Anja
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study protocol describes the RIGAB study, a prospective case‐control‐study assessing online sports betting behaviour and underlying risk factors for the development of gambling disorder (GD). It has two aims: (1) to characterise sports bettors concerning putative risk factors and their gambling behaviour, and (2) to predict the development of GD from these factors.

Methods

At baseline, online sports bettors took part in an online survey comprising a GD screening (DSM‐5), questions on gambling behaviour and on the putative risk factors emotion regulation, impulsivity, comorbidities, stress, and substance use. Participants were reinvited for a 1‐year follow‐up online survey. In a nested design, a subsample was invited in‐person to take part in a cognitive‐behavioural task battery and a clinical interview.

Results

Of the initial 6568 online sports bettors invited, 607 participated at baseline (rate: 9.2%), 325 took part in the 1‐year follow‐up and 54 participated in the nested in‐person assessment.

Conclusion

The RIGAB study combines different fields of GD studies: player tracking data and putative risk factors from self‐report and behavioural tasks. The results of this study will support the development of preventive measures for participants of online gambling based on the combined findings from previously rather distinct research fields.
Home schooling during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial of online exercise and ergonomics advice protocols on upper body symptoms
Authors: Karimian Razieh , Burton Kim , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Karimian Maryam , Xirouchaki Chrisa Eleni , Sobhanipur Mostafa , Gholami Tahereh
Published: November 2023

Background

Understanding of students' musculoskeletal health under home‐schooling during the COVID‐19 pandemic is limited.

Objectives

(1) To investigate the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms in home‐schooled adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. (2) To evaluate the effect of an online exercise + ergonomics advice protocol on symptoms, compared with ergonomics advice alone.

Design

Cross‐sectional symptom survey identifying eligible participants, followed by a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Online classes.

Participants

Survey: 354 students (mean 16.6 years). Trial: 188 students with upper body musculoskeletal symptoms.

Interventions

Randomization to three groups (physical therapy exercises + ergonomics postural advice, ergonomics postural advice alone, nonintervention control) stratified by the site of symptoms (neck, shoulder, upper back). Interventions were orally delivered online (via WhatsApp) supplemented with written/illustrative material. Follow‐up occurred at 8 weeks.

Outcome Measures

Survey: prevalence of symptoms (Nordic Questionnaire). Trial: primary outcome = change in intensity of upper body symptoms (visual analogue scale); secondary outcome = number of participants reporting improvement in upper body symptoms.

Results

The 12‐month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the survey was 38% neck, 28% shoulder, and 35% upper back, with mean pain intensity of 3.6, 3.9, and 3.8, respectively, on 0–10 visual analogue scale: Two‐thirds reported symptoms in multiple anatomical regions. In the trial, there was no statistically significant difference between the exercise + ergonomics group and ergonomics alone group on the primary outcome, yet both groups showed reduced symptom intensity compared with control (p < .001). More participants in the exercise + ergonomics group reported improvement than in the ergonomics advice alone group (p < .02).

Conclusions

The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was relatively high in home‐schooled adolescents. Symptoms can be reduced by ergonomics advice with or without exercises, but the effect is enhanced by the addition of physical therapy exercises. The latter approach may be considered for improving schoolchildren's musculoskeletal health in the usual classroom setting.
Event‐ driven‐observer‐based adaptive distributed sliding mode fault compensation control for interconnected nonlinear systems
Authors: Guo Bin , Dian Songyi , Zhao Tao
Published: November 2023

In this paper, an event‐driven‐observer‐based distributed adaptive sliding mode fault compensation control method is presented for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems in the occurrence of actuator faults and disturbances. First, a novel event‐based estimator is designed to acquire the state, fault, and lumped disturbance information. Then, by utilizing the observer outputs, an adaptive tracking‐error‐based event condition is established, based on which a distributed sliding mode fault compensation controller is designed. In the proposed control framework, on the one hand, to enhance the robustness and tracking accuracy, two adaptive parameters are constructed; on the other hand, an adaptive event‐based control mechanism is integrated to save the transmission resources. The Zeno phenomenon avoidance performance is analyzed and, finally, the applications to an inverted pendulum system and a machine power system are given to verify the fault tolerance ability of the proposed method.
Dynamic boundary layer super‐twisting sliding mode control algorithm based on RBF neural networks for a class of leader‐follower multi‐agent systems
Authors: Jia Chao , Shangguan Xuanyue , Zheng Linxin
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the consensus problem of robust sliding mode fault tolerance for a class of leader‐follower multi‐agent systems is discussed. Aiming at a second‐order multi‐agent system with unknown model uncertainty and external disturbance, a new super‐twisting sliding mode control method based on a dynamic boundary layer and neural network is proposed. Firstly, the super‐twisting controller is designed by introducing two new variables, the convergence speed of the control system is greatly improved, and the symbolic function is replaced by an improved dynamic boundary layer, which will be continuously adjusted with the system states, the tracking accuracy of the system is improved, and the chattering problem caused by symbolic function is overcome effectively. Secondly, an radial basis function neural network is used to realize the adaptive approximation to the completely unknown model, so that the controller does not need to depend on the precise mathematical model of the controlled system, and the stability of the closed‐loop system is ensured by adjusting the adaptiveweight. Thirdly, the stability of the whole system is analyzed by the Lyapunov method, and the upper bound of robust consensus error is given by constructing an equivalence relation, meanwhile, the upper bound of the final convergence of the sliding variable in the dynamic boundary layer is analyzed. Finally, the simulation results for a second‐order system show the superior performance of the proposed control algorithm, then it is extended to a class of application systems, and the same conclusion is obtained.
A damped elastodynamics system under the global injectivity condition: local wellposedness in $$L^p$$-spaces
Authors: Court Sébastien
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this paper is to model mathematically mechanical aspects of cardiac tissues. The latter constitute an elastic domain whose total volume remains constant. The time deformation of the heart tissue is modeled with the elastodynamics equations dealing with the displacement field as main unknown. These equations are coupled with a pressure whose variations characterize the heart beat. This pressure variable corresponds to a Lagrange multiplier associated with the so-called global injectivity condition. We derive the corresponding coupled system with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions where the pressure variable appears. For mathematical convenience a damping term is added, and for a given class of strain energies we prove the existence of local-in-time solutions in the context of the $$L^p$$

L
p

-parabolic maximal regularity.
Multi-GNSS ultra-rapid orbit determination through epoch-parallel processing
Authors: Tang Longjiang , Wang Jungang , Zhu Huizhong , Ge Maorong , Xu Aigong , Schuh Harald
Published: November 2023

High-precision Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) orbits are critical for real-time clock estimation and precise positioning service; however, the prediction error grows gradually with the increasing prediction session. In this study, we present a new efficient precise orbit determination (POD) strategy referred to as the epoch-parallel processing to reduce the orbit update latency, in which a 24-h processing job is split into several sub-sessions that are processed in parallel and then stacked to solve and recover parameters subsequently. With a delicate handling of parameters crossing different sub-sessions, such as ambiguities, the method is rigorously equivalent to the one-session batch solution, but is much more efficient, halving the time-consuming roughly. Together with paralleling other procedures such as orbit integration and using open multi-processing (openMP), the multi-GNSS POD of 120 satellites using 90 stations can be fulfilled within 30 min. The lower update latency enables users to access orbits closer to the estimation part, that is, 30–60-min prediction with a 30-min update latency, which significantly improves the orbit quality. Compared to the hourly updated orbit, the averaged 1D RMS values of predicted orbit in terms of overlap for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BDS MEO are improved by 39%, 35%, 41%, and 37%, respectively, and that of BDS GEO and IGSO satellites is improved by 47%. We also demonstrate that the boundary discontinuities of half-hourly orbit are within 2 cm for the GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo satellites, and for BDS the values are 2.6, 15.5, and 9.8 cm for MEO, GEO, and IGSO satellites, respectively. This method can also be implemented for any batch-based GNSS processing to improve the efficiency.
Beyond BCMA, why GPRC5D could be the right way: treatment strategies with immunotherapy at relapse after anti-BCMA agents
Authors: Del Giudice Maria Livia , Galimberti Sara , Buda Gabriele
Published: November 2023

Multiple Myeloma remains incurable, and there is a need for therapies with novel mechanisms of action. Recently, B cell maturation antigen targeted therapy has demonstrated deep and durable responses in a largely treated population. However, the relapse rate of myeloma patients after anti-BCMA treatment strategies is increasing worldwide, and one of the most challenging issues for them is to choose the best therapy sequencing. After anti-BCMA treatment, retreatment with anti-BCMA drugs remains an option, but new targets are emerging strongly. One of them is G protein-coupled receptor, class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D), that due to the very promising data from the use of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) and bispecific antibodies (BsAb) seems to be the ideal candidate in the relay of myeloma treatment at relapse. In this literature review, we discuss data from treatment with the new drugs at relapse after anti-BCMA therapies, observing an undeniable benefit from the use of drugs directed against GPRC5D.
Academic achievement of children with autistic symptoms compared to typically developing children
Authors: Sari Novika Purnama , Luijk Maartje P. C. M. , Jansen Pauline W. , Prinzie Peter , van IJzendoorn Marinus
Published: November 2023

Children with autistic symptoms experience challenges in school settings, yet little is known about their academic profiles and the mechanisms underlying the association between autistic symptoms and academic achievement. This study examined the association between autistic symptoms and academic achievement in a population-based sample of children with and without (sub)clinical autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We also investigated potential sex differences and assessed if the association is mediated by vocabulary skills and behavior problems. Information was available for 2038 participants (48.3% boys), and autistic symptoms were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (M = 6.8 years). Diagnosis of ASD was clinically confirmed in 28 children. Academic achievement was determined by a nationwide, standardized test assessed at the end of primary school (M = 11.8 years). Children with more autistic symptoms in early childhood had lower achievement scores in language, mathematics, and world orientation by the end of primary education. There were no sex differences. Furthermore, vocabulary skills and behavior problems partly mediated the association between autistic symptoms and academic achievement. Then, by using propensity matching technique, we compared 140 matched typically developing peers with 28 children diagnosed with ASD. These results indicated no differences in academic achievement between children diagnosed with ASD and their matched typically developing peers. We conclude that autistic symptoms associate with lower academic achievement but by carefully matching on background variables and potential confounders, the academic achievement of children with clinical ASD might not differ from that of their typically developing peers.
Dynamic Investigations of an Endogenous Business Cycle Model with Heterogeneous Agents
Authors: Bougheas Spiros , Commendatore Pasquale , Gardini Laura , Kubin Ingrid
Published: November 2023

We introduce agents’ heterogeneity into a model of endogenous business cycles, in which agents can invest either in ‘good’ projects that contribute to future capital formation, or in ‘bad’ projects without that property. The resulting map involves three distinct regimes, two of which we linearize. Using theoretical results on piecewise linear systems and on border collision bifurcations, we are able to provide a thourough analysis of the dynamics.
How Rigorous is Active Learning Research in STEM Education? An Examination of Key Internal Validity Controls in Intervention Studies
Authors: Martella Amedee Marchand , Martella Ronald C. , Yatcilla Jane K. , Newson Alexandra , Shannon Eric N. , Voorhis Charissa
Published: November 2023

Active learning is a popular approach to teaching and learning that has gained traction through research on STEM educational improvement. There have been numerous university- and national/international-level efforts focused on transitioning courses from the lecture method to active learning. However, despite these large-scale changes, the active learning literature has not been assessed on its methodological rigor to ensure instructional recommendations are rooted in rigorous research studies. The purpose of the present review was to determine areas of strengths and areas in need of improvement and to provide specific recommendations on how to continue or improve active learning research to strengthen the respective literature base and increase confidence in results. We assessed the articles included in the Freeman et al. (PNAS, 111:8410–8415, 2014) meta-analysis as well as a random sample of more recent active learning articles (2015–2022) on 12 internal validity controls (i.e., control procedure used to prevent a threat to the internal validity of a study). Results indicated that there were high percentages of articles that did not meet each internal validity control. In fact, no articles from the Freeman et al. meta-analysis and no sampled 2015–2022 articles met each of the 12 internal validity controls. Therefore, the active learning literature contains numerous internal validity control issues that need to be addressed if we are to determine the extent to which active learning interventions are effective and if there are any boundary conditions for when particular active learning interventions are or are not effective.
Collective pedagogical content knowledge for teaching sustainable development
Authors: Forsler Annika , Nilsson Pernilla , Walan Susanne
Published: November 2023

It is vital that upper secondary students gain a rich and deep knowledge of sustainability issues, as they will enter adulthood and working life within a short time. The students belong to a generation that will be intensely involved in managing several environmental issues to achieve sustainable development for our Earth. However, earlier research indicates that many teachers have a low self-efficacy for teaching sustainability issues. This study aimed to explore how science teacher teams in Swedish upper secondary schools can develop their knowledge and expertise in sustainable development (SD) through collective reflections with the support of the reflective tool Content Representation (CoRe). Science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) development in teaching SD was examined. Twelve in-service science teachers participated in the study. The qualitative research design included semi-structured interviews and science teacher teams’ collective meetings. The findings covered four themes about how the collective reflections with support of the CoRe tool stimulated teachers’ PCK development: (1) creating structure and a focus for learning conversations, (2) modification of the teaching approach, (3) development of new content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge in SD, and (4) shared language to stimulate equal opportunities for students to learn SD. The conclusion is that with the support of CoRe, the teacher team’s collective PCK in SD was developed; therefore, we recommend that decision-makers within the school system organize regular meetings in science teacher teams and introduce CoRe to the teachers.
The Polarization of Plasmonic Field and Depolarization Factor for The Ellipsoid in Semiconductor Quantum Dot-metallic Nano Ellipsoid System
Authors: Abd-Elsamie Asmaa M. , Abd-Elnabi Somia , Osman Kariman I.
Published: November 2023

We theoretically study the polarization of plasmonic fields in a hybrid nanosystem composed of three different metallic nano ellipsoid and a semiconductor quantum dot. The components of the hybrid nanosystem interact with three electromagnetic fields and one another via dipole-dipole interactions. We derive the density matrix equations at a steady state for the description of the optical properties of the hybrid nanosystem. The polarization of the plasmonic fields induced on the prolate, spherical, and oblate nano ellipsoid is calculated. We find that the polarization of the plasmonic fields depends on the number of the metallic nanoparticles (ellipsoid), the depolarization factor of the metallic nano ellipsoid, the direction of the plasmonic field, and the metallic nano ellipsoid parameters of the hybrid nanosystem. The phenomena of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced transparency with amplification (EITA) are obtained in this work.
Temporal changes in mixing effects on litter decay and nitrogen release in a boreal riparian forest in northeastern China
Authors: Wang Simin , Liu Bo , Li Rui , Sun Xiaoxin , Mao Rong
Published: November 2023

In riparian forests, litter decay provides essential energy and nutrients for both terrestrial and fluvial ecosystems. Litter mixing effects (LMEs) are crucial in regulating litter decay and nutrient dynamics, yet how LMEs change over time is unclear in riparian forests. In this study, leaf litter of three common species (Alnus sibirica Fisch. ex Turcz, Betula platyphylla Sukaczev, and Betula fruticosa Pall.) were mixed in an equal mass ratio and LMEs were measured for mass and nitrogen (N) remaining in whole litter mixtures over a 3-year period in a boreal riparian forest, northeastern China. LMEs were also assessed for component litter mass and N remaining by separating litter mixtures by species. During the decay of litter mixtures, antagonistic effects on mass and N remaining were dominant after one and two years of decay, whereas only additive effects were observed after three years. LMEs correlated negatively with functional diversity after the first and two years of decay but disappeared after three years. When sorting litter mixtures by species, non-additive LMEs on mass and N remaining decreased over incubation time. Moreover, non-additive LMEs were more frequent for litter of both B. platyphylla and B. fruticosa with lower N concentration than for A. sibirica litter with higher N concentration. These results indicate that incubation time is a key determinant of litter mixing effects during decay and highlight that late-stage litter mixture decay may be predicted from single litter decay dynamics in boreal riparian forests.
Association between testosterone and cancers risk in women: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Zhizhou , Wang Maoyu , Hua Meimian , Wang Ziwei , Ying Yidie , Zhang Zhensheng , Zeng Shuxiong , Wang Huiqing , Xu Chuanliang
Published: November 2023

Objective

Previous observational studies have explored the correlation between testosterone and cancer risk. However, the causal association between testosterone and various cancer types in women remains inconclusive. The objective of this Mendelian randomization study is to evaluate the causal links between total testosterone (TT) and bioavailable testosterone (BT) with cancer risk in females.

Methods

Initially, a rigorous quality control process was employed to identify suitable instrumental single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the exposure under investigation that exhibited a significant association. The genetic causal relationship between female testosterone levels and the risk of developing cancers was examined through a two-sample Mendelian randomization. Various analytical methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, were applied in the investigation. Key findings were primarily based on the results obtained via IVW (random effects), and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the reliability of the obtained results. Furthermore, maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median, and IVW (fixed effects) methods were utilized to further validate the robustness of the results.

Results

Based on the results of IVW analysis, our study indicated a positive causal relationship between BT and breast cancer (OR = 1.1407, 95%CI: 1.0627–1.2244, P = 0.0015) and endometrial cancer (OR = 1.4610, 95%CI: 1.2695–1.6813, P = 1.22E-06). Moreover, our findings also showed a positive causal association between TT and breast cancer (OR = 1.1764, 95%CI: 1.0846–1.2761, P = 0.0005), cervical cancer(OR = 1.0020, 95%CI: 1.0007–1.0032, P = 0.0077), and endometrial cancer(OR = 1.4124, 95%CI: 1.2083–1.6511, P = 0.0001). Additionally, our results demonstrated a negative causal relationship between BT and ovarian cancer (OR = 0.8649, 95%CI: 0.7750–0.9653, P = 0.0320). However, no causal relationship was found between BT, TT and other types of cancer (corrected P > 0.05).

Conclusions

This study elucidates the role of testosterone on the development of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer. It also hints at a potential but fragile link between testosterone and bladder cancer, as well as thyroid cancer. Nonetheless, it's worth noting that no statistically significant relationship between testosterone and various other types of cancer in females was identified.
Feasibility analysis of synthesized polyaniline nanocomposites loaded by Co-doped ZnO nanorods for aqueous pollutants oxidation
Authors: Tahoun Belal A. , Farag Elsayed M. , Tony Maha A. , Mansour Shehab A.
Published: November 2023

Polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites (NCs) based on cobalt (Co)-doped ZnO nanorods were fabricated (PANI-NCs) using chemical oxidation polymerization technique. Co-doped ZnO nanorods were synthesized using hydrothermal route. Microstructure characterization and UV–Visible absorption measurement confirm the formation of wurtzite ZnO nanostructured crystals. Introducing effect of Co-doped ZnO nanorods into PANI matrix on microstructural, optical, surface morphology and electrical properties of the investigated NCs were studied. The characterization of the fabricated NCs was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and four-probe DC electrical conductivity. Also, the photocatalytic activity of the fabricated NCs was examined using UV irradiation for Procion Blue dye wastewater oxidation. The photocatalytic experimental parameters were studied and the results revealed high photocatalytic activity reached to complete dye removal within 60 min of irradiation time (at pH 7.0 and room temperature). Finally, the data fitted with first-order kinetic model.
Zinc chloride activated carbon derived from date pits for efficient biosorption of brilliant green: adsorption characteristics and mechanism study
Authors: Akl Magda A. , Mostafa Aya G. , Al-Awadhi Mohammed , Al-Harwi Wegdan S. , El-Zeny Abdelrahman S.
Published: November 2023

It is critical to remove dyes from wastewater as they cause harm to human and aquatic life due to their carcinogenic, toxic, and mutagenic effects. Here, low-cost activated carbons (CPs) were produced from the date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pits. The prepared CPs were chemically activated utilizing zinc chloride to obtain activated carbons from date pits (ZCPs). The physicochemical properties, chemical composition, and morphology of ZCPs material and the active surface functional groups involved in adsorption were identified using N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy, point of zero charges (pHPZC), and Fourier transforms spectroscopy. The ZCPs biocomposite was applied for the Brilliant green (BG) removal from aqueous solutions, where the efficiency was assessed as functions of pH value, foreign ions, the initial dye concentration, dose of adsorbent, adsorption time, and temperature. The outcomes showed that the prepared ZCPs biocomposite exhibited high uptake of BG with a qe of 247.752 mg/g. The isotherm and kinetic studies show that the adsorption process of BG dye onto ZCPs biocomposite followed Langmuir, and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. From the estimated thermodynamic functions, it was found that the nature of the BG dye adsorption process onto the prepared ZCPs adsorbent was endothermic and spontaneous. With a relative standard deviation of less than 3%, the prepared ZCPs were successfully applied for the removal of BG from real water samples with a recovery of more than 90%. The plausible mechanism of BG adsorption onto the prepared ZCPs can be assigned to various interactions, such as pore–filling, electrostatic attraction, H-bonding, and π–π stacking.
Ketogenic Diet: A Nutritional Therapeutic Tool for Lipedema?
Authors: Verde Ludovica , Camajani Elisabetta , Annunziata Giuseppe , Sojat Antoanstefan , Marina Ljiljana V. , Colao Annamaria , Caprio Massimiliano , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Barrea Luigi
Published: November 2023

Purpose of Review

This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on the efficacy, also considering the anti-inflammatory properties and safety of very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) as a potential treatment for lipedema, particularly in the context of obesity.

Recent Findings

Lipedema is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal and painful fat buildup on the legs and/or arms. It is often misdiagnosed as obesity or lymphedema. However, although lipedema and obesity can coexist, unlike obesity, lipedema usually affects the legs and thighs without affecting the feet or hands, and the abnormal deposition of adipose tissue in lipedema is painful. The current lifestyle interventions are often unsuccessful in the management of lipedema. There is no consensus on the most effective nutritional approach for managing lipedema. Recent studies have suggested that VLCKD may be an effective treatment for lipedema, demonstrating that it is also superior to other nutritional approaches such as Mediterranean diet or intermittent fasting.

Lipedema is a chronic and debilitating disease characterized by abnormal and painful accumulation of adipose tissue in the legs. VLCKD has been shown to be an effective treatment for lipedema, especially in the context of obesity, due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, further research is needed to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of VLCKD as a treatment for lipedema.
Mixed Correlation Coefficient Between Probability Hesitation Fuzzy Sets and Applications
Authors: Ying Liu , Xin Guan
Published: November 2023

Probability hesitation fuzzy sets(PHFSs) have been paid increasing attention in the fuzzy domain nowadays, and correlation coefficient is becoming an important research content in fuzzy data analysis, many scholars have been conducted relevant researches on it. However, the existing correlation coefficients between PHFSs have some limitations, such as not considering the number of membership degrees and having counter-intuitive phenomenon to some extent. Therefore, we propose the mixed correlation coefficient between PHFSs. To begin with, we give the concepts of the average, variance, and length ratio of PHFE to illustrate the integrity, distribution, and length. Then, we define the average, variance, and length three correlation coefficients respectively on the above basic concepts. Furthermore, we construct the mixed correlation coefficient through combining these basic correlation coefficients, and extend to weighted form in addition, which addresses the issues of the available correlation coefficients. Finally, we utilize proposed correlation coefficient to analysis problems of data association and decision making. The effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method is illustrated at length.
Rigorous computation in dynamics based on topological methods for multivector fields
Authors: Woukeng Donald , Sadowski Damian , Leśkiewicz Jakub , Lipiński Michał , Kapela Tomasz
Published: November 2023

Motivated by the theoretical results of Mrozek et al. (Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 108:106–226, 2022) we present an algorithmic construction of a transversal cellular decomposition for a planar ODE. We then use the associated combinatorial multivector field to algorithmically detect the existence of an isolated invariant set with the Conley index of a periodic orbit and admitting a combinatorial Poincaré section. This construction combined with the theoretical results of Mrozek et al. (2022) leads to a method for automatized computer assisted proofs of the existence of periodic solutions in ODE’s.
Optimal controller selection and migration in large scale software defined networks for next generation internet of things
Authors: Shahzad Mohammad , Liu Lu , Belkout Nacer , Antonopoulos Nick
Published: November 2023

The substantial amount of IoT traffic, coupled with control messages, places a heavy burden on SDN controllers, which compromises their capacity. We investigate how SDN can revolutionize the conventional approach, aiming to overcome the limitations of communication overhead. Additionally, we delve into the essential optimizations required to minimize control overhead and migrations. Determining the appropriate controller necessitates the implementation of a mechanism that justifies the selection. Once the optimal controller has been identified, migration can be initiated. This paper introduces a solution that employs the NSGA-II algorithm to achieve the optimal selection of controllers. We assess the performance of the NSGA-II migration approach linking with the length-based same destination aggregation proposed in our previous work, in terms of packet delivery, packet loss, performance metrics, and the cost associated with the selected optimal controller.
Visualising Transformations of Geographical Time–Space by Transport Systems. The Case of Germany, 1990–2020
Authors: Moser Johannes , Wenner Fabian , L’Hostis Alain
Published: November 2023

By accelerating the overcoming of space on certain relations, transport systems alter the accessibility of places and distort geographical time–space. Particularly in the case of discontinuous and tiered transport systems such as (high-speed) rail networks, effects on time–space can be highly selective and difficult to visualise. This paper compares different methods of operationalisation and visualisation of the effects of new transport systems (infrastructures and services) on time–space, and examines their strengths and weaknesses, using the example of the evolution of the German rail network between 1990 and 2020. The methods are well-known ones such as isochrones, choropleths using measures from network theory, anamorphosis (cartograms) and less-known ones as spring maps and the shrivelling model. For the examination of the readability of the methods, we present relevant properties for time–space maps. The results suggest that conventional methods are simpler to interpret, but fail to convey certain properties, while less frequently used methods may be better at incorporating the properties at the cost of being more difficult to read.
Mitragynine inhibits hippocampus neuroplasticity and its molecular mechanism
Authors: Yunusa Suleiman , Hassan Zurina , Müller Christian P.
Published: November 2023

Background

Mitragynine (MIT), the primary indole alkaloid of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), has been associated with addictive and cognitive decline potentials. In acute studies, MIT decreases spatial memory and inhibits hippocampal synaptic transmission in long-term potentiation (LTP). This study investigated the impacts of 14-day MIT treatment on hippocampus synaptic transmission and its possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Under urethane anesthesia, field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSP) of the hippocampal CA1 region were recorded in the Sprague Dawley (SD) rats that received MIT (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), morphine (MOR) 5 mg/kg, or vehicle (ip). The effects of the treatments on basal synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and LTP were assessed in the CA1 region. Analysis of the brain's protein expression linked to neuroplasticity was then performed using a western blot.

Results

The baseline synaptic transmission's amplitude was drastically decreased by MIT at 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, although the PPF ratio before TBS remained unchanged, the PPF ratio after TBS was significantly reduced by MIT (10 mg/kg). Strong and persistent inhibition of LTP was generated in the CA1 region by MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg) doses; this effect was not seen in MIT (1 mg/kg) treated rats. In contrast to MIT (1 mg/kg), MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly raised the extracellular glutamate levels. After exposure to MIT, GluR-1 receptor expression remained unaltered. However, NMDAε2 receptor expression was markedly downregulated. The expression of pCaMKII, pERK, pCREB, BDNF, synaptophysin, PSD-95, Delta fosB, and CDK-5 was significantly downregulated in response to MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg) exposure, while MOR (5 mg/kg) significantly raised synaptophysin and Delta fosB expression.

Conclusion

Findings from this work reveal that a smaller dose of MIT (1 mg/kg) poses no risk to hippocampal synaptic transmission. Alteration in neuroplasticity-associated proteins may be a molecular mechanism for MIT (5 and 10 mg/kg)-induced LTP disruption and cognitive impairments. Data from this work posit that MIT acted differently from MOR on neuroplasticity and its underlying mechanisms.

Graphical abstract
A Modified Beer–Lambert–Bouguer Law for Nonrandom Distributions and Its Application in Gap Probability Calculations for Heterogeneous Canopies
Authors: He Qing , Lyu Daren
Published: November 2023

The three‐dimensional (3D) structure of vegetation canopy strongly influence the absorption and reflection of radiation at the land surface. The gap probability is one primary indicator of the canopy structure. For homogeneous canopies, where the plant elements are distributed completely randomly and statistically independent, the gap probability can be modeled with the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law. However, this method is not suitable for nonrandom distributions. A physically based and computationally efficient algorithm is developed to address this limitation, by introducing the pair correlation function to describe the nonrandom distribution pattern. Pair correlation function is based on the distribution of distances of pairs of points, and can therefore describe random, clumped, or regular distribution patterns, and detect mixed patterns at different scales. In this paper, we take tree crown as the basic structure element, and apply the new method to calculate the gap probability. The simulations agree well with results obtained by the ray casting method for various distribution patterns. The results show that horizontal distribution of trees is one of the key factors impacts the gap probability. For the case when different patterns coexist on various scales, we can ignore the distribution pattern at larger scale, and focus on the pattern at smaller scale. When zenith angel is large, the azimuthal dependency of the gap probability should be noted.
Topological Relationship‐Based Flow Direction Modeling: Stream Burning and Depression Filling
Authors: Liao Chang , Zhou Tian , Xu Donghui , Tan Zeli , Bisht Gautam , Cooper Matthew G. , Engwirda Darren , Li Hong‐Yi , Leung L. Ruby
Published: November 2023

Flow direction modeling consists of (a) an accurate representation of the river network and (b) digital elevation model (DEM) processing to preserve characteristics with hydrological significance. In part 1 of our study, we presented a mesh‐independent approach to representing river networks on different types of meshes. This follow‐up part 2 study presents a novel DEM processing approach for flow direction modeling. This approach consists of (a) a topological relationship‐based hybrid breaching‐filling method to conduct stream burning for the river network and (b) a modified depression removal method for rivers and hillslopes. Our methods reduce modifications to surface elevations and provide a robust two‐step procedure to remove local depressions in DEM. They are mesh‐independent and can be applied to both structured and unstructured meshes. We applied our new methods with different model configurations to the Susquehanna River Basin. The results show that topological relationship‐based stream burning and depression‐filling methods can reproduce the correct river networks, providing high‐quality flow direction and other characteristics for hydrologic and Earth system models.
Local and Environmental Reservoirs ofSalmonella entericaAfter Hurricane Florence Flooding
Authors: Mao Yuqing , Zeineldin Mohamed , Usmani Moiz , Jutla Antarpreet , Shisler Joanna L. , Whitaker Rachel J. , Nguyen Thanh H.
Published: November 2023

In many regions of the world, including the United States, human and animal fecal genetic markers have been found in flood waters. In this study, we use high‐resolution whole genomic sequencing to examine the origin and distribution ofSalmonella entericaafter the 2018 Hurricane Florence flooding. We specifically asked whetherS. entericaisolated from water samples collected near swine farms in North Carolina shortly after Hurricane Florence had evidence of swine origin. To investigate this, we isolated and fully sequenced 18 independentS. entericastrains from 10 locations (five flooded and five unflooded). We found that all strains have extremely similar chromosomes with only five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and possessed two plasmids assigned bioinformatically to the incompatibility groups IncFIB and IncFII. The chromosomal core genome and the IncFIB plasmid are most closely related to environmentalSalmonellastrains isolated previously from the southeastern US. In contrast, the IncFII plasmid was found in environmentalS. entericastrains whose genomes were more divergent, suggesting the IncFII plasmid is more promiscuous than the IncFIB type. We identified 65 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in each of our 18S. entericaisolates. All ARGs were located on theSalmonellachromosome, similar to other previously characterized environmental isolates. All isolates with different SNPs were resistant to a panel of commonly used antibiotics. These results highlight the importance of environmental sources of antibiotic‐resistantS. entericaafter extreme flood events.
Observations of a Mini‐Magnetosphere Above the Martian Crustal Magnetic Fields
Authors: Fan Kai , Wei Yong , Fraenz Markus , Cui Jun , He Fei , Yan Limei , Chai Lihui , Zhong Jun , Rong Zhaojin , Dubinin Eduard
Published: November 2023

Mars is typically regarded as a non‐magnetic planet. Currents in the Martian ionosphere generate a Venus‐like induced magnetosphere which deflects the solar wind flows and piles up the interplanetary magnetic fields. However, crustal magnetic fields in the southern hemisphere influence local plasma properties. Using observations from the MAVEN mission, we characterize the distinguishing plasma characteristics of a mini‐magnetosphere that forms on the Martian dayside. We establish three criteria to differentiate this mini‐magnetosphere from the induced magnetosphere. Notably, the mini‐magnetosphere exhibits higher plasma beta (values near 1), with a balance between planetary ions, crustal magnetic fields, and the solar wind at the magnetopause. Observations show that the crustal magnetosphere reaches an altitude of 1,300 km, larger than one‐third of the Martian radius, indicating a dichotomy between the induced northern and the crustal southern magnetospheres. These findings offer novel insights into the distinctive properties of hybrid magnetospheres in the near‐Mars space.