bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory optimisation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and pandan (Pandanus amarylifolius Roxb.) herbal tea on several brewing techniques
Authors: Fibrianto K , Kinsky M K
Published: May 2020

Conservatively, tea is an aromatic beverage made from dried leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis). However, lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and pandan leaves (Pandanus amarylifolius Roxb.) can also be processed as herbal tea to develop their functional properties. This current study aims to investigate the sensory profiles of the herbal tea as well as to determine the optimum techniques for hot, iced and hot+ice brewings. Spectrum Descriptive Analysis method was conducted by involving 12 trained panellists to develop sensory vocabularies. Meanwhile, the sensory optimization was conducted by Just about Right (JAR) method involving 106 consumer respondents. The Spectrum data shows that 4 out of 12 sensory attributes, including sweet, astringency, lemongrass flavor, and pandan flavor; were significantly affected by different brewing techniques (p-values <0.05). Through Penalty analysis on JAR data, it shows that sweet and pandan flavor were optimum for hot brewing. Meanwhile, the sweet and astringency were optimum for cold brewing. Under current set up, there is no optimum attributes was obtained for hot+ice brew technique. Considering their functional properties, the cold brewed herbal tea shows the most superior among the samples tested as it shows the highest total sugar content, total phenolic compound, and antioxidant activity (p-values<0.05).
The effect of packaging and storage method on Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Rainw.) quality
Authors: Anoraga S B , Bintoro N
Published: May 2020

Snake Fruit (Salacca edulis) var. Pondoh is one of potential commodities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It has fluctuated price in farmers level. During the peak of harvest season, the price dropped because of the increase of supply in market. The solutions are needed at farmer’s level to prolong the fruit’s lifetime. One possible solution is treatment to maintain the product quality through good packaging and good storage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of room temperature, RH treatment and packaging method on salak pondoh quality during storage. Salak pondoh were packed into four different packaging: a stem of bunch, single fruit, single fruit in plastic (PP), and single fruit in vacuum plastic. Samples from all four packaging were stored in four treatments: ambient room, humidified room, cold storage, and cold-humidified room. The quality parameters were weight loss, moisture content, TDS (brix %), and fruits stress. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The result showed that packaging and storage method significantly affect the moisture content, weight losses, and brix. Combination of vacuum packaging and cold storage preservation could keep the moisture content, reduce the weight losses, and prohibited the respiration process that could change the TDS (brix %) value.
Sensory profiling of Robusta and Liberica coffee leaves functional tea by modifying brewing temperature
Authors: Fibrianto K. , Daryanto K A , Sholihah N , Wahibah L Y , Hasyati N , Al-Baarri A N , Hariyadi D M
Published: May 2020

Traditionally, the coffee leaves, particularly the mature, is mostly used as compost or cattle feed. The leaves have also been traditionally processed as herbal tea in which popular in West Sumatera as Kahwa tea. This current study aims to characterise the sensory profile of Robusta and Liberica coffee leaves tea using Rate All That Apply (RATA) method. Not only profiling, but optimising the sensory acceptance of the coffee leaves tea is also required. The sensory optimisation was conducted by applying Just about Right (JAR) method. Both RATA and JAR evaluation were involving 110 consumer respondents. All coffee leaves tea was brewed by decoction technique ranging from 85 - 100°C. There are 7 out of 27 sensory attributes which were significantly affected by brewing temperature. These are sweet flavour, burnt flavour, earthy flavour, woody flavour, sweet and bitter taste, and astringent mouth-feel. Penalty analysis of JAR data shows that sweet taste, bitter taste and astringent mouth-feel of Robusta coffee leaves were optimum at 95°C. Meanwhile Liberica coffee leaves tea was optimum at 85°C for most attributes except woody flavour. To some extent, the changes of sweet, bitter taste and astringent mouth-feel attributes are correlated to caffeine and total phenolic compound.
Glucomannan as an anti-staling agent to improve the texture value of whole wheat bread
Authors: Kumala T , Sutrisno A , Yunianta
Published: May 2020

Utilization of whole wheat flour to make bread has disadvantages of having a bad texture which is hard, not springy, non-uniform pores and has a higher level of staling. Glucomannan can affect the level of hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and inhibit the staling process by forming a gel that will absorb water which can easily hold the gas during fermentation. This causes bread to have a uniform pore with soft crusts so that the hardness value and staling process decreases. This research aimed to examine the properties of mixture of whole wheat flour with high, medium and low protein flour modified by 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of glucomannan gel to improve the physical and organoleptic properties of the bread by using TPA methods. The data obtained were tested statistically with α = 5%. The best proportion was mixture of high protein flour and whole wheat flour with 1.5% glucomannan concentration. This produces bread with 3.54 N of hardness, 4.39 mm of springiness and 0.85 of cohesiveness. Bread with this formula undergoes a staling process longer than wheat bread without added glucomannan. The staling process began on the 3rd day and has increased by 21.87% from day 1 with a hardness value 26.65 N. On visual observation, breadcrusts occured on the 5th day. Therefore, the addition of glucomannan is able to improve the texture and can inhibit the process of staling on bread.
Formulation of vegetable seasoning made from raw material of coconut blondo protein hydrolysate
Authors: Wijana S , Perdani C G , Angelina T
Published: May 2020

The commercial seasoning that sold in the market containing artificial Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) as a flavor enhancer. However, the excessive use of MSG can endanger the health of the body. Therefore, it requires an alternative non-MSG seasoning. The use of MSG can be replaced with natural ingredients from protein enzymatic such as blondo protein hydrolysate. This study was conducted to understand the nutritional content and glutamic acid of blondo protein hydrolysate, to find out the appropriate formulation in making seasoning of blondo protein hydrolysate, and to understand the acceptance level of seasoning that made of blondo protein hydrolysate. The result of the proximate test on blondo protein hydrolysate were containing 8.21% water, 35.62% protein, 22.18% fat, 3.25% ash, 20.40% carbohydrate, and 10,41% glutamic acid. Based on the scoring test, could be known that the highest score for the parameter of taste, color, and aroma was a formulation with addition blondo protein hydrolysate around 8-10%. Thus, it could be stated that the use of vegetable seasoning products as an MSG alternative was possible and acceptable for consumers.
Process of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) for Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fruit and its bioactive compounds
Authors: Ridlo M , Kumalaningsih S , Pranowo D
Published: May 2020

Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk) is one of the plants contains high bioactive compounds. The fruit parts have been used widely as traditional herbs in Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand and China. In Indonesia, this plant grows as wild plants in shrubs and forests of Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi Islands. The degradation of bioactive compounds from karamunting fruit can be minimised by the extraction process. The purpose of research was to obtain the best operational condition in the extraction of the bioactive compounds from karamunting fruit. Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) was used in this study. MAE is a modern extraction method that utilises microwaves to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of cell breakdown. The molecular movement of microwaves produces friction and heat energy in the material so that the cell wall and tissue material will be damaged, and the solute can finally come out. The extraction process consists of 2 factor variables, namely extraction time (seconds) and solvent volume (mL). The parameters of the analysis to determine the best conditions of the extraction process were total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and extract yield. The results showed that the highest yield of extract was 1.68% (v/w), the highest total flavonoid was 2563.79 mg QE/g BK, and total anthocyanin was 651.26 mg/g.
Designing traceability information systems for processed apple products chain
Authors: Kurniawan M , Setiyawan D T , Amalia F
Published: May 2020

Food security issues is a problem for consumers to choose the right food products. Consumers are often faced with a lack of knowledge about nutritional content, expiration, and availability of healthy food products, especially for processed apple products. Therefore a traceability system is needed that guarantees the authenticity of the product and provides reliable information. Lack of good information and infrastructure will hinder the formation of an effective traceability system that some producers have not considered because it has high costs, especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). In general, producers and consumers need an information system that can provide food information effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this research is to design an information system that can be used for traceability of processed apple products. This study uses the Waterfall method which consists of several stages, namely: the data analysis stage, the planning stage, the implementation phase, and the testing phase. The design concept uses the object-oriented method using the Unified Modelling Language (UML), which consists of Use Case Diagrams, Activity Diagrams, and Sequence Diagrams. The results of this study are an information system design that can be used for traceability of the supply chain of processed apple products that can adapt to consumer needs.
Risk measurement of supply chain for soy sauce product
Authors: Citraresmi A D P , Rahmawati F
Published: May 2020

Soy sauce is one of the fermented-soybean product that is widely used as a food flavoring. The high demand of soy sauce requires Company X, as producers, to ensure that consumer needs are always met. Therefore, it needs the help of many stakeholders, including suppliers and distributors to support the continuity of production. Since many members are involved, Company X needs to maintain the optimal performances. One of which is by applying supply chain risk management. This study aimed to identify and analyze supply chain risk in the soy sauce production process. Firstly, all activities carried out by supply chain members were mapped using Supply Chain Operational Reference (SCOR) approach. Secondly, the potential risk of these activities was analyzed using House of Risk Phase 1 (HOR-1) method. 16 risk events and 19 risk agents were identified based on SCOR approach and HOR-1 method. Following the risk identification stage, the priority rank of risks was analyzed using Aggregate Risk Priority (ARP). The results showed that there were 5 priorities of risk agents required to be mitigated, i.e. human error, misorder of product, power outage, raw materials variants, and disruptions during product transportation. This study suggests risk mitigations as follows: to give rewards, punishments, and work motivation to workers; to alter and enhance SOP of ordering, storing, distributing, and supplier cooperations; to use electricity generator during the production process; to control the quality of raw materials; and to regularly maintain the distribution vehicle.
Progress on research and development of bio-oil as a fuel in Indonesia
Authors: Setyawan H Y , Dewi J R , Sunyoto N M S , Wijana S
Published: May 2020

The abundance of biomass in Indonesia are potential to be utilised as a material for biofuel production. Pyrolysis can be employed to convert biomass into syngas that can be condensed into pyrolysis oil or known as bio-oil. Biomass as a material for biofuel production is available in a large quantity thus avoid the competition with materials for food source, and inexpensive. Current bio-oil research mainly studies the process of converting biomass into bio-oil from inexpensive sources, such as food crops, timber waste and agro-industrial waste. The components of bio-oil are water and organic compounds (hydrocarbons), which are traditionally produced from petroleum. Due to the depletion of petroleum reserves, bio-oil has the potential to be developed into a source of petroleum-supporting fuels. The present study reviews the status of bio-oil research and development in Indonesia, including the potential biomass sources, the latest technologies to convert and utilise bio-oil as a fuel, and government policies on the application of bio-oil in Indonesia. This review is expected to be used as a basis for the development of bio-oil policy and scientific and technological utilisation of bio-oil in Indonesia.
Anaerobic co-digestion of Batik wastewater with macroalgae
Authors: Suhartini S , Hidayat N , Permatasari V R , Herera A C E
Published: May 2020

Macroalgae is one of renewable marine biomass feedstocks for substituting land biomass. With the use of anaerobic digestion (AD) technology, macroalgae has been greatly acknowledged for bioenergy production resources, including biogas. On the other hand, Batik wastewater contains chemical dyes and organic pollutants, which potentially cause environmental pollution if disposed without a proper treatment. The aims of this research were to evaluate the potential of biogas and methane production using different ratio of Batik wastewater: macroalgae (i.e. Gracilaria verrucosa fresh and dried samples) and to estimate the electrical potential generated. A biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was carried out at temperature of 37 °C for 28 days under batch condition. The results indicated that digesting Batik wastewater alone, without dilution, showed an inhibition process as indicated by a negative net biogas and methane production as well as the specific methane production (SMP). Co-digesting Batik wastewater with fresh marine G. verrucosa samples at ratio of 50:50 cannot produce a high amount of biogas or methane. All samples showed a similar biogas or methane volume compared to that of the inoculum sample. This indicated that an inhibition was occurred limiting the microbial consortia in inoculum to breakdown the organic matter in the feedstock material. This could be due to the salinity of macroalgae and the high organic pollutant concentration in Batik wastewater. However, co-digestion of Batik wastewater with dried marine G. verrucosa produced higher SMP. Further alternative options to enhance to utilisation of Batik wastewater are needed.
The effect of MnSO4and unrefined sea salt on bioethanol production by lignocellulose degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using Phlebia sp. MG-60
Authors: Nurika I , Nugroho S A , Suhartini S
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to determine the effects of MnSO4and sea salt against the degradation lignocellulose and ethanol production generated from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) usingPhlebia sp. MG-60. The factorial experiment in a randomized block design was used, consists of two factors: MnSO4concentration (0, 300, and 600 mg/L), sea salt concentration (0%, 3%, and 5% (w/v). The results revealed that the addition of MnSO4and sea salt to substrate, and its interaction were significantly different (ρ value < 0.05) on the change of total soluble phenols (mg/g), total reducing sugar (mg/g), pH, lignin concentration (%), weight loss (%) and ethanol concentration (%). The best treatment from this study was obtained from the addition of MnSO4300mg/l, sea salt 3% incubated for 20 days. This treatment has the highest value of total reducing sugars (22.471 mg/g), total soluble phenols (0.334 mg/g), weight loss (16.23%), ethanol (0.71%), lignin (19.17%) and pH (6.1).
Driving factors for the success of the green industrial estate: a case study of Pasuruan Industrial Estate Rembang
Authors: Nainggolan H , Wardhani N W S , Leksono A S , Santoso I
Published: May 2020

The concept of green industry became a hot issue all over the world as a result of scarcity of resources and environmental quality degradation. Several developed and developing countries have obligated the implementation of the green industry. Indonesian government through the Ministry of Industry also strives to implement green industry principles by adding green industrial standards through law number 3/2014. Pasuruan Industrial Estate Rembang (PIER) is one of the developing industrial estates in East Java, Indonesia. This paper aims to map out the key factors of environment management that make up a green industrial estate (GIE) in PIER. Data was collected by questionnaire, interview, observation, and documentation. The interview was done with experts from PIER management and several industries in the region and also the local government in Pasuruan Regency who understand and are related to this research. The methods used are the Delphi technique survey, the average descriptive statistical and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the priority factors for the success of the GIE perspective. As a result, success factors in developing green industrial areas must be supported by several factors, including: clean technological innovation; waste management, operational standard systems; sustainability of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); availability of energy, raw materials, water, infrastructure and technology; and the existence of legal certainty and security are the main important factors in driving the success of industrial estates into green industrial estates.
Preliminary study on preparing carboxymethyl cellulose–keratin biofilm
Authors: Adi Y W , Ekatiwi S , Suharti S
Published: May 2020

Keratin is a structural protein. Keratin can be obtained from chicken feathers. At present, chicken feathers are one of the great potentials of waste because of its abundance and cheap price. CMC has a similar structure to cellulose. Cellulose is very abundant in nature and its existence as waste and CMC is a derivative of natural cellulose polymers that are easily degraded. This paper reports our preliminary work on developing novel composite biofilm from both natural biopolymers to provide novel environmentally friendly biomaterials. Keratin solution was prepared from chicken feathers by the acid method. Variations in the number of CMCs were used to see differences in biofilm rigidity. The size of soluble keratin was measured using PSA, surface topography of biofilms was observed using SEM and FTIR was used to observe the presence of keratin embedded in biofilms. Based on the results of the PSA analysis, the size of soluble keratin was 1570.8 ± 26.30437 nm. FTIR analysis of CMC-keratin biofilm content showed an absorption peak in the area of 1240 cm-1 - 1546 cm-1 which the signature of an amide band which confirms the presence of keratin (protein) in the biofilm. SEM showed the surface structure of CMC-keratin biofilms forming a fibrous pattern. In this study, we concluded that CMC-keratin biofilm was generated, and it potentially can be developed further to generate environmentally friendly biomaterials.
Effects of tetM gene instability on resistance expression in Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Silvian S D , Haq H S I , Nabila F C , Wardani A K
Published: May 2020

Lactobacillus casei is one of the probiotic bacteria which has an antibiotic (tetracycline) resistance encoded by tetM gene. This gene can be unstable which leads to the changes of the DNA sequence (mutation) during the adaptation process under a sub-lethal dose of tetracycline antibiotic. The aim of the study is to observe the resistance level and genetic instability of tetM gene under a sub-lethal dose of tetracycline antibiotic and to examine the effect of gene instability on the antibiotic resistance level of L. casei. This study was conducted by 2 steps i.e. determination of sub-lethal dose of L. casei and isolation of L. casei with the highest resistance to tetracycline using adaptation process. This study confirmed that L. casei could survive with sub-lethal dose of 10-50 µg/mL tetracycline and has a lethal dose at 60 µg/mL. The concentration of more than 60 µg/mL tetracycline caused instability of tetM gene and lead to the survival of L. casei at 70 µg/mL tetracycline after adaptation process.
Isolation, screening and identification of potential cellulolytic and xylanolytic mold from oil palm waste
Authors: Kusumawati N , Wardani A K , Zubaidah E , Sumarlan S H
Published: May 2020

The objective of this research was to isolate, screen, and identify the cellulase and xylanase-producing mold from oil palm waste. There are thirty-two isolates from oil palm waste which are able to degrade and grow on media containing cellulose or xylan as a sole carbon source. Screening to determine cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity was performed by paper disc diffusion method using Congo Red as an indicator. All the thirty-two mold isolates showed cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity with relative enzyme activity (ratio of hydrolysed zone diameter and diameter of colony growth) ranging from 1.04 to 1.62. Based on the macro- and micromorphology characteristics, these isolates were identified as genus Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Tallaromyces and Penicillium, with the number isolates in each genus was 22, 4, 3, 2, and 1 respectively. The highest cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity was achieved from the isolate namely OPT1(4) which was identified as Talaromyces pinophilus using morphological and molecular analysis. Under the optimum condition (30°C, 72 hours) in liquid medium containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and birch wood xylan as the main carbon source, Talaromyces pinophilus OPT1(4) presented glucanase and xylanase activity of 15.17 U/mL and 13.35 U/mL, respectively.
Characteristics of alkaline thermostable mannanase isolated from limestone microorganism
Authors: Sutrisno A , Mawarddatur S , Widyastuti E
Published: May 2020

Mannanase is the main enzyme that catalyses depolymerisation of ß-1,4 mannosidic linkages within the main chain of mannan releasing manno-oligosacharides. Since mannan is most soluble in alkaline solution and industrial enzyme applications prefer high thermostability, therefore mannanase with alkaline and high thermostability is more desired. The aims of this study were to isolate mannanase-producing microorganisms and to characterise the mannanase that obtained from partial purification. Nine mannolytic isolates were found and the chosen isolate was R311 with mannolytic index of 3.287. The purity of the enzyme from partial purification was 6.06-fold with the specific activity of 61.54 U/mg. Molecular mass of the mannanase analyzed by electrophoresis and zymogram was 32.39 kDa. The optimal temperatures and pH were 65°C and pH 8, respectively. The enzyme was stable at pH 5 – 8 and temperature up to 75°C. This property make mannanase R311 an attractive enzyme for biotechnological application for industries.
Tree traits that define timber ideotypes of Gmelina arborea Roxb.
Authors: Vallesteros S F
Published: May 2020

Gmelina (Gmelina arboreaRoxb.) is the most widely planted tree species in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. Its role in local wood supply becomes more important as a consequence of the ban on harvesting naturally growing timber. More than 90% of the wood supply, based on reported transactions in 2013, is gmelina. Wood is coming from different planting configurations such as solitary trees, home gardens, road sides, riparian strips, small stands, and large plantations. While gmelina appears to be the most important tree in meeting local demand for wood, the yield per hectare is low due to poor tree management and mismatch between species and site. Results indicate great potentials for tree improvement with effort coming from the tree owners themselves and supported by scientific approach in tree improvement. Research on ideotype, or conceptual model of an ideal plant, promises to play a key role. The study worked on gmelina timber ideotype. Between-tree-traits relationships were investigated in order to see what traits might be subjected for simultaneous improvement. Significant relationships came out that would lead to defining the desired tree forms. Not a single form shall come out as combination of traits may result in increased in wood yield in tree or stand.
Optimisation of bleaching time and H2O2 concentration of handmade paper from Areca catechu L. fibre
Authors: Dewi I A , Wijana S , Royyani D E , Deoranto P , Ihwah A , Romas M S , Sunyoto N M S , Setyawan H Y
Published: May 2020

Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is a type of palm used for commercial purposes because all parts of the plant -have high economic value. Areca nut fibre contains 53.2% cellulose and therefore, it can potentially be used as raw material for pulp for paper craft. Bleaching is conducted in order to make colourful paper craft. Some factors to be taken into account while bleaching the paper craft are levels of chemicals used for bleaching and length of bleaching time. The purpose of this study was to determine H2O2 level and optimum bleaching time to create quality paper from areca fibres and cardboard paper. Quality of the paper was evaluated based on tensile strength, thickness, grammage and brightness. Response surface method (RSM) is implemented optimize the estimated response. The model used in RSM is CCD (Central Design Composite) with 2 factors, namely bleaching time and H2O2. The upper and lower limit for the first factor were 90 and 150 minutes consecutively. Those for the second factor were 5% and 15% respectively. The evaluate responses were tensile strength and brightness level. The findings showed that the most suitable combination was 150-minutes bleaching time and 15% H2O2. The combination resulted in 69.50% brightness and 14.71 kN/m2 tensile strength. In addition, the paper grammage was 282 gr/cm2, its thickness was 0.88 mm and the moisture content was 6.5.
Benefit-cost for selecting technology in salt production
Authors: Maflahah I , Asfan
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses the costs of choosing the technology for the salt production process using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The strength of the strategy to the selection of production process technology based on the benefit-cost ratio by several criteria. The choice of salt production technology is traditional techniques, tunnelling techniques, prism techniques, and FDS (Flow down system) techniques. The AHP structures are the criteria and sub-criteria. AHP criteria give impacts such as production process technology, salt quality, production costs, and human resources. From these criteria, the cost of investment modal and maintenance have the highest weight — the quality of salt determined by the colour, NaCl content, and size of the salt granules. The criteria for production costs consist of sub-criteria for raw material costs, capital investment costs, and indirect costs. The level of technology is conventional technology, semi-modern technology, and modern technology. Human resources are the experience of farmers in processing salt production. The production costs needed for the salt production process greatly determine the farmer decision to obtain the optimal quality and quantity of salt. The second priority is the ease of production process technology and successively the following criteria as human resources and the quality of the salt produced. The recommended technology for production process based on AHP by using B/C ratio and consideration as indicators are tunnel and prism techniques.
Identification of parameters for the hybrid electrical energy storage system in autonomous power system
Authors: Eroshenko S.A. , Nesterenko G. B. , Zyryanov V. M. , Kiryanova N. G. , Prankevich G. A.
Published: May 2020

The article describes the approach to the selection of parameters of a hybrid electrical energy storage system (EESS) based on supercapacitors (SC) and lithium ion battery (LIB) for an autonomous power station with a diesel generator set (DGS). The calculations of transients in an autonomous power supply system with an abruptly variable load and participation of a hybrid EESS. The procedure of determining the share of participation in the energy exchange of storage subsystems based on LIB and SC is presented.
Digital twin process and simulation operation control technology for intelligent manufacturing unit
Authors: He Yichao , Zhang Niansong , Wang Aimin
Published: May 2020

In the manufacturing process, the intelligent manufacturing unit will produce unexpected situations with different forms and a large amount of data. How to control the intelligent manufacturing unit more intuitively and effectively control the operation and control of the trolley is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper proposes a digital twin process and simulation operation control technology for intelligent manufacturing units, including virtual workshop and actual workshop real-time mapping technology and digital twin-based simulation control technology. Through these two technical means, intelligent manufacturing unit realized visual real-time management and control. In the end, the author designed an intelligent manufacturing unit management system to successfully verify the effectiveness of the above technology.
The Talbot effect in self-assembled red blood cells investigated by digital holography
Authors: Memmolo Pasquale , Miccio Lisa , Merola Francesco , Ferraro Pietro
Published: May 2020

The Talbot effect, also known as self-imaging, is a well-established phenomenon observed when a beam of light is transmitted through a periodic pattern and the image of the pattern is reproduced at a regular interval along the optical axis, namely the Talbot length. This effect has been widely investigated and exploited for several applications in different fields. Here we discuss for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the self-imaging effect due to a self-assembled and quasi-ordered array of live biological cells under illumination by a coherent light beam. In particular, self-assembly of red blood cells (RBCs) provides a monolayer of cells that appear to be quasi-ordered in a trigonal array geometry. Thanks to the recent proof that RBCs can be modeled as a microlens array, the Talbot length can be predicted and the corresponding self-imaging can be observed experimentally. In particular, we investigate the Talbot effect of self-assembled RBC arrays for two different RBC body shapes, i.e. discocytes and spherocytes, by using digital holography as tool for imaging and quantifying this phenomenon. This research could open up a new way to investigate biological material by exploiting its photonics properties.
Independent Evolutionary Responses to Quaternary Landscape and Climatic Changes of Two Codistributed Cactophilic Drosophila Species (Drosophila repleta group) in Open Areas of South America
Authors: Reginato Koser Jaqueline , Barrios-Leal Dora Yovana , Menezes Rodolpho S T , Manfrin Maura Helena
Published: May 2020

Evolutionary processes related to climatic changes and ecological factors, such as microhabitat affinities and food specialization, can be important contributors to phylogeographic discordance between codistributed and related species. Here, we evaluate the evolutionary histories of two cactophilic and codistributed Drosophila species (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from South America, Drosophila antonietae and Drosophila meridionalis, where they use mainly Cereus hildmaniannus (Cactoideae: Cereeae) as host, using mitochondrial DNA sequences and species distribution modeling. The diversification of both species was estimated during the Pleistocene. For both species, the distribution of suitable areas through the Last Glacial period to the present showed a similar dynamic from Andes Valley through east and through the Paraná-Paraguay river basin to the Atlantic coastline. The current distribution of D. antonietae was influenced by demographic expansion and putative migration route from northwest to south and then to coast, with two genetic incipient groups with bidirectional genetic flow between them. For D. meridionalis, we suggested a migration route from south to north as well as to coast, with three genetic groups deeply structured with no evidence of demographic expansion. Our comparative results showed that the Quaternary paleoclimatic dynamic has had a similar role in both species (displacement of the high suitability areas) with similar routes but in different directions. Additionally, the Araucaria forest represents a putative biogeographic barrier for Drosophila species and also for host C. hildmaniannus. The phylogeographical differences between these species related to geographical distribution, genetic structure, and demographic history could be explained for differences to adaptation and plasticity to explore a new host.
Diagnosing serious infections in older adults presenting to ambulatory care: a systematic review
Authors: Struyf Thomas , Boon Hanne A , van de Pol Alma C , Tournoy Jos , Schuermans Alexander , Verheij Theo J M , Verbakel Jan Y , Van den Bruel Ann
Published: May 2020

Objectives

to summarise all available evidence on the accuracy of clinical features and blood tests for diagnosing serious infections in older patients presenting to ambulatory care.

Methods

systematic review, searching seven databases using a comprehensive search strategy. We included cross-sectional prospective diagnostic studies on (1) clinical features, (2) diagnostic prediction rules based on clinical features alone, (3) blood tests and (4) diagnostic prediction rules combining clinical features and blood tests. Study participants had to be community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years, in whom a physician suspected an infection. We used QUADAS-2 to assess risk of bias. We calculated measures of diagnostic accuracy and present descriptive statistics.

Results

out of 13,757 unique articles, only six studies with a moderate to high risk of bias were included. There was substantial clinical heterogeneity across these studies. Clinical features had LR− ≥0.61 and LR+ ≤4.94. Twelve prediction rules using clinical features had LR− ≥0.30 and LR+ ≤2.78. There was evidence on four blood tests of which procalcitonin was the most often investigated: levels <0.37 ng/ml (LR− = 0.20; 95%CI 0.10–0.42) were suitable to rule out sepsis in moderately high prevalence situations. Two diagnostic prediction rules combining clinical features and procalcitonin had LR− of ≤0.12 (95%CI 0.05–0.33) and LR+ of maximum 1.39 (95%CI 1.30–1.49).

Conclusions

we found few studies on the diagnostic accuracy of clinical features and blood tests to detect serious infections in older people presenting to ambulatory care. The risk of bias was mostly moderate to high, leading to substantial uncertainty.
Differential Effects of Saikosaponins A, B2, B4, C and D on Alcohol and Chocolate Self-Administration in Rats
Authors: Maccioni Paola , Lorrai Irene , Fara Federica , Carai Mauro A M , Gessa Gian Luigi , Chin Young-Won , Lee Jung Hwan , Kwon Hak Cheol , Corelli Federico , Colombo Giancarlo
Published: May 2020

Aims

Treatment with saikosaponin A (SSA)—an ingredient of the medicinal herb, Bupleurum falcatum—has been reported to suppress several addictive-like behaviors, including morphine, cocaine, alcohol and chocolate self-administration in male rats. The aim of this investigation was to investigate whether saikosaponins of B. falcatum other than SSA affect alcohol and chocolate self-administration in rats.

Methods

Ovariectomized female Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) and Wistar rats were trained to self-administer alcohol (15%, v/v) and a chocolate solution [5% (w/v) Nesquik® in water], respectively, under fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. The following saikosaponins were compared to SSA: saikosaponin D (SSD; epimer of SSA), saikosaponin C (SSC), saikosaponin B2 (SSB2) and saikosaponin B4 (SSB4). All saikosaponins were tested acutely at the doses of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg (i.p.).

Results

Treatment with SSA and SSD resulted in highly similar, marked reductions in alcohol self-administration; SSC failed to alter lever-responding for alcohol, while SSB2 and SSB4 produced intermediate reductions. Only SSA and SSD reduced chocolate self-administration, with SSC, SSB2 and SSB4 being ineffective.

Conclusions

The wide spectrum of efficacy of saikosaponins in reducing alcohol and chocolate self-administration suggests that even relatively small structural differences are sufficient to produce remarkable changes in their in vivo pharmacological profile. Together, these results confirm that roots of B. falcatum may be an interesting source of compounds with anti-addictive potential.
Alcoholics Anonymous and 12-Step Facilitation Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Distillation of a 2020 Cochrane Review for Clinicians and Policy Makers
Authors: Kelly John F , Abry Alexandra , Ferri Marica , Humphreys Keith
Published: May 2020

Aims

A recently completed Cochrane review assessed the effectiveness and cost-benefits of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and clinically delivered 12-Step Facilitation (TSF) interventions for alcohol use disorder (AUD). This paper summarizes key findings and discusses implications for practice and policy.

Methods

Cochrane review methods were followed. Searches were conducted across all major databases (e.g. Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group Specialized Register, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and ClinicalTrials.gov) from inception to 2 August 2019 and included non-English language studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experiments that compared AA/TSF with other interventions, such as motivational enhancement therapy (MET) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), TSF treatment variants or no treatment, were included. Healthcare cost offset studies were also included. Studies were categorized by design (RCT/quasi-experimental; nonrandomized; economic), degree of manualization (all interventions manualized versus some/none) and comparison intervention type (i.e. whether AA/TSF was compared to an intervention with a different theoretical orientation or an AA/TSF intervention that varied in style or intensity). Random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool effects where possible using standard mean differences (SMD) for continuous outcomes (e.g. percent days abstinent (PDA)) and the relative risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous.

Results

A total of 27 studies (21 RCTs/quasi-experiments, 5 nonrandomized and 1 purely economic study) containing 10,565 participants were included. AA/TSF interventions performed at least as well as established active comparison treatments (e.g. CBT) on all outcomes except for abstinence where it often outperformed other treatments. AA/TSF also demonstrated higher health care cost savings than other AUD treatments.

Conclusions

AA/TSF interventions produce similar benefits to other treatments on all drinking-related outcomes except for continuous abstinence and remission, where AA/TSF is superior. AA/TSF also reduces healthcare costs. Clinically implementing one of these proven manualized AA/TSF interventions is likely to enhance outcomes for individuals with AUD while producing health economic benefits.
A song turned sideways would sound as sweet
Authors: Ferguson Zachary
Published: May 2020

Markosian (2020) presents an argument against certain theories of time based on the aesthetic value of music. He argues that turning a piece of music sideways in time destroys its intrinsic value, which would not be possible if the Spacetime Thesis were true. In this paper I show that sideways music poses no problems for any theory of time by demonstrating that turning a piece of music sideways does not affect its intrinsic value. I do this by appealing to spatial analogies that highlight the similarities between spatial and temporal rotations.
Network-based characterization of disease–disease relationships in terms of drugs and therapeutic targets
Authors: Iida Midori , Iwata Michio , Yamanishi Yoshihiro
Published: May 2020

Motivation

Disease states are distinguished from each other in terms of differing clinical phenotypes, but characteristic molecular features are often common to various diseases. Similarities between diseases can be explained by characteristic gene expression patterns. However, most disease–disease relationships remain uncharacterized.

Results

In this study, we proposed a novel approach for network-based characterization of disease–disease relationships in terms of drugs and therapeutic targets. We performed large-scale analyses of omics data and molecular interaction networks for 79 diseases, including adrenoleukodystrophy, leukaemia, Alzheimer's disease, asthma, atopic dermatitis, breast cancer, cystic fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease. We quantified disease–disease similarities based on proximities of abnormally expressed genes in various molecular networks, and showed that similarities between diseases could be explained by characteristic molecular network topologies. Furthermore, we developed a kernel matrix regression algorithm to predict the commonalities of drugs and therapeutic targets among diseases. Our comprehensive prediction strategy indicated many new associations among phenotypically diverse diseases.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MinReact: a systematic approach for identifying minimal metabolic networks
Authors: Sambamoorthy Gayathri , Raman Karthik
Published: May 2020

Motivation

Genome-scale metabolic models are widely constructed and studied for understanding various design principles underlying metabolism, predominantly redundancy. Metabolic networks are highly redundant and it is possible to minimize the metabolic networks into smaller networks that retain the functionality of the original network.

Results

Here, we establish a new method, MinReact that systematically removes reactions from a given network to identify minimal reactome(s). We show that our method identifies smaller minimal reactomes than existing methods and also scales well to larger metabolic networks. Notably, our method exploits known aspects of network structure and redundancy to identify multiple minimal metabolic networks. We illustrate the utility of MinReact by identifying multiple minimal networks for 77 organisms from the BiGG database. We show that these multiple minimal reactomes arise due to the presence of compensatory reactions/pathways. We further employed MinReact for a case study to identify the minimal reactomes of different organisms in both glucose and xylose minimal environments. Identification of minimal reactomes of these different organisms elucidate that they exhibit varying levels of redundancy. A comparison of the minimal reactomes on glucose and xylose illustrates that the differences in the reactions required to sustain growth on either medium. Overall, our algorithm provides a rapid and reliable way to identify minimal subsets of reactions that are essential for survival, in a systematic manner.

Availability and implementation

Algorithm is available from https://github.com/RamanLab/MinReact.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A multimodal deep learning framework for predicting drug–drug interaction events
Authors: Deng Yifan , Xu Xinran , Qiu Yang , Xia Jingbo , Zhang Wen , Liu Shichao
Published: May 2020

Motivation

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the major concerns in pharmaceutical research. Many machine learning based methods have been proposed for the DDI prediction, but most of them predict whether two drugs interact or not. The studies revealed that DDIs could cause different subsequent events, and predicting DDI-associated events is more useful for investigating the mechanism hidden behind the combined drug usage or adverse reactions.

Results

In this article, we collect DDIs from DrugBank database, and extract 65 categories of DDI events by dependency analysis and events trimming. We propose a multimodal deep learning framework named DDIMDL that combines diverse drug features with deep learning to build a model for predicting DDI-associated events. DDIMDL first constructs deep neural network (DNN)-based sub-models, respectively, using four types of drug features: chemical substructures, targets, enzymes and pathways, and then adopts a joint DNN framework to combine the sub-models to learn cross-modality representations of drug–drug pairs and predict DDI events. In computational experiments, DDIMDL produces high-accuracy performances and has high efficiency. Moreover, DDIMDL outperforms state-of-the-art DDI event prediction methods and baseline methods. Among all the features of drugs, the chemical substructures seem to be the most informative. With the combination of substructures, targets and enzymes, DDIMDL achieves an accuracy of 0.8852 and an area under the precision–recall curve of 0.9208.

Availability and implementation

The source code and data are available at https://github.com/YifanDengWHU/DDIMDL.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
BioStructures.jl: read, write and manipulate macromolecular structures in Julia
Authors: Greener Joe G , Selvaraj Joel , Ward Ben J
Published: May 2020

Robust, flexible and fast software to read, write and manipulate macromolecular structures is a prerequisite for productively doing structural bioinformatics. We present BioStructures.jl, the first dedicated package in the Julia programming language for dealing with macromolecular structures and the Protein Data Bank. BioStructures.jl builds on the lessons learned with similar packages to provide a large feature set, a flexible object representation and high performance.

Availability and implementation

BioStructures.jl is freely available under the MIT license. Source code and documentation are available at https://github.com/BioJulia/BioStructures.jl. BioStructures.jl is compatible with Julia versions 0.6 and later and is system-independent.

Contact

j.greener@ucl.ac.uk
Disrupted Neural Synchrony Mediates the Relationship between White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults
Authors: Hinault T , Kraut M , Bakker A , Dagher A , Courtney S M
Published: May 2020

Our main goal was to determine the influence of white matter integrity on the dynamic coupling between brain regions and the individual variability of cognitive performance in older adults. Electroencephalography was recorded while participants performed a task specifically designed to engage working memory and inhibitory processes, and the associations among functional activity, structural integrity, and cognitive performance were assessed. We found that the association between white matter microstructural integrity and cognitive functioning with aging is mediated by time-varying alpha and gamma phase-locking value. Specifically, better preservation of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus in older individuals drives faster task-related modulations of alpha and gamma long-range phase-locking value between the inferior frontal gyrus and occipital lobe and lower local phase-amplitude coupling in occipital lobes, which in turn drives better cognitive control performance. Our results help delineate the role of individual variability of white matter microstructure in dynamic synchrony and cognitive performance during normal aging.