bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1,3‐Benzodioxole Tagged Lidocaine Based Ionic Liquids as Anticancer Drug: Synthesis, Characterization and In Silico Study
Authors: Sangeeta  , Sonaxi  , Tomar Ravi , Agrawal Swati , Sarkar Anjana
Published: March 2023

Skin cancer is by far the most frequent type of cancer in humans which gradually increases day by day. Numerous treatments are traditionally and conventionally available in the market but due to various factors such as high dose, high cost, adverse side effects, and so on. So, these treatments require novel routes of action and target drugs that can overcome these drawbacks. As per the ritual of our research group to design a new drug for mankind, we have synthesized derivatives of 1,3‐Benzodioxole tagged lidocaine‐based ionic liquid in the present work and characterized using techniques like 1H, 13C NMR, and infrared spectroscopy. The in‐silico studies were conducted which provided information regarding the binding mode of active 1,3‐benzodioxole‐derived ILs with the tubulin protein (1TUB) receptor. The binding affinity for [Pip‐Lid]OAc and [Pip‐Lid]OTf are −384.47 kJ/mol and −355.74 kJ/mol respectively. The properties of these ionic liquids like ADMET, blood‐brain barrier permeability, and drug‐likeliness proved the potency of the given compound for the treatment of skin cancer. Briefly, the current study showed the good anticancer potential of synthesized ionic liquids against skin cancer.
Metal‐Free Synthesis via Intramolecular Cyclization, Enzyme Inhibition Properties and Molecular Docking of Novel Isoindolinones
Authors: Atmaca Ufuk , Saglamtas Ruya , Sert Yusuf , Çelik Murat , Gülçin İlhami
Published: March 2023

Highly effective one‐pot synthesis of novel isoindolinones from various 2‐benzoylbenzoic acid derivatives with intramolecular cyclization in the presence of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate was reported in mild conditions in the absence a metal catalyst. Novel synthesized compounds were tested against some metabolic enzymes including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α‐glycosidase and carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and hCA II) enzymes that associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), epilepsy, and glaucoma. A series of novel isoindolinones (2 a–l) were evaluated as highly potent inhibition ability toward AChE (Kis: 2.33–13.81 μM), BChE (Kis: 1.45–12.27 μM), α‐glycosidase (Kis: 8.03–23.05 μM), hCA I (Kis: 2.23–17.35 μM) and hCA II (Kis: 2.86–18.13 μM). Also, for these inhibitors, in silico molecular docking simulations and calculations were done with the Autodock Vina program to support the in vitro experimental studies.
Synthesis and Characterization of API‐Related Substances in Abiraterone Acetate**
Authors: Sasikala Ch. V. A. , Namshamgari Srikanth , Bandreddi Veeranjaneyulu , Nahide Pradip D. , Kiran Kumar C. , Kumar Roy Amrendra , Vakamulla Malati , Kumar Madhra Mukesh , Annapragada Ratnamala , Bandichhor Rakeshwar
Published: March 2023

Abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®) is known as an anticancer medication that inhibits an enzyme called cytochrome P450 (CYP17) responsible for androgen production. The monographs of United States Pharmacopeia (USP) reported the list of eleven process‐related impurities for its active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This article pertains to the identification and synthesis of eight process‐related impurities that were detected during the process development of Abiraterone acetate. The detection and identification of these impurities were accomplished using HPLC and LCMS. Further, the structures of these impurities were confirmed by synthesizing them in moderate to excellent yield and characterized by various orthogonal techniques.
Phthalimides Represent a Promising Scaffold for Multi‐Targeted Anticancer Agents
Authors: Matore Balaji Wamanrao , Banjare Purusottam , Sarthi Ajay Singh , Roy Partha Pratim , Singh Jagadish
Published: March 2023

From the last two decades, phthalimide analogues received prime interest from scientists due to its potent inhibitory action on different cancer‐causing receptors. A variety of anticancer drugs are coming into the market but challenges of drug resistance, toxicities, and failure in therapy still remain. Cancer is a group of complex disorders it involves multiple receptors. So there is a need of targeting multiple receptors to get desired potent anticancer drugs with minimum harmful effects. Phthalimide scaffolds fit into these criteria as it is extensively reported for the inhibition of different cancer receptors such as VEGFR, HDAC, EGFR, TNF‐α, etc. The multi‐targeted mechanism of phthalimide derivatives plays a major role in anticancer therapy. Due to this advantage, there is the hope of developing some novel effective multi‐targeted anticancer agents. Consider structural features and pharmacological advancement of phthalimide analogues may fulfill the current need of cancer patients. In this review, we covered history, chemistry, SAR, anticancer mechanisms, and the current status of phthalimide derivatives reported till 2022. The article specifically focused on different cancer‐causing receptors inhibited by phthalimide derivatives and their mechanism of action in brief. Finally, we provided the future scope and role of phthalimide derivatives in multi‐targeted anticancer drug discovery.
Fluorometric Detection of Methanol by Using Triphenylamine Fluorophore Tethered Terpyridine Probe
Authors: Jose Karolin P. , Ravi Sasikala , Sivadas Deepanjaly K. , Anthony Savarimuthu Philip , Madhu Vedichi
Published: March 2023

Triphenylamine appended terpyridine donor‐acceptor fluorescent probe (TPA‐TP) exhibited specific detection of methanol in presence of other volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, ethanol and biodiesel were described. The role of the terpyridine group in the TPA‐TP toward methanol detection has been demonstrated. The detection mechanism origins from s‐trans to s‐cis and vice‐versa conformational change facilitated by hydrogen bonding interactions between TPA‐TP and methanol. Besides, TPA‐TP coated Whatman filter paper based strip was evaluated for detection of methanol from benzene prepared my means of practical and versatile applications of methanol detection. Thus, TPA‐TP was demonstrated as a sensitive, selective, and inexpensive probe for methanol detection over benzene, ethanol and biodiesel by naked‐eye and fluorescence spectroscopy methods.
Electrochemical Oxidation Involving Sulfonyl Hydrazine for the Synthesis of 2‐Sulfonyl Quinolines/Pyridines
Authors: Wang Luyao , Ning Zhitao , Xu Zheng , Liu Ruikai , Du Zhengyin
Published: March 2023

A mild electrochemical method was developed for the direct C2 sulfonylation of heteroaromatic N‐oxides with sulfonyl hydrazides to obtain a serial of 2‐sulfonyl quinoline/pyridine derivatives. The method has simple conditions, using potassium carbonate as base, CH3CN/H2O (9 : 1) as solvent, and reacting for 3 h under 15 mA current to prepare expected products.
Direct and Regioselective C−H Selenylation of 4‐Aminocoumarin Derivatives Mediated by Selectfluor®
Authors: Belladona Andrei Lucca , Cardoso Dilelio Marina , Cargnelutti Roberta , Barcellos Thiago , Cruz Silveira Claudio , Schumacher Ricardo Frederico
Published: March 2023

A mild and regioselective approach to the direct selenylation of 4‐(N‐substituted‐amino)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones employing Selectfluor® and diorganyl diselenides has been developed. The reactions were carried out under metal‐free conditions, without the need for special devices, and using NaHCO3 as a mild base at room temperature under air. This approach has been suitable for a wide substrate scope affording the 3‐selenyl‐4‐(N‐substituted‐amino)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones in good to excellent yields.
Effects of camera trap placement on photo rates of jaguars, their prey, and competitors in northwestern Costa Rica
Authors: Montalvo Victor H. , Sáenz‐Bolaños Carolina , Cruz‐Díaz Juan C. , Kamilar Jason M. , Carrillo Eduardo , Fuller Todd K.
Published: March 2023

The use of camera‐trap methods, though important, has pitfalls and inconsistencies such as factors and interactions that may influence species photo rates. Jaguar (Panthera onca) camera‐trap studies place cameras at sites where jaguar detections are likely greater (e.g., sites with previous evidence such tracks, feces, and other presence signs), but do not account for potential placement biases. Our study evaluated methodological implications of a paired camera‐trap design at trail and off‐trail locations, and climate seasonality, on photo rates of jaguars, their prey, and competitors. From June 2016 to June 2017, camera traps were deployed at 58 different sites in a hexagon grid array of 3 km2 each in the Sector Santa Rosa (SSR) of Área de Conservación Guancaste in Costa Rica. Half of the cameras were located at a trail location that jaguars were likely to use, and the other half at an off‐trail location closest to each hexagon centroid. We estimated a photographic relative abundance index (RAI; no. of independent photos/100 trap nights) and used Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) to assess statistical evidence of trail location and climate seasonality. With a total effort of 19,408 trap nights, we recorded 12,678 independent photo events of 64 species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. For the 3 bird species and 14 mammal species we focused on, most species‐specific RAIs were greater at trail locations (n = 8 species, including jaguars and pumas [Puma concolor]), some were greater at off‐trail locations (n = 2 species, including collared peccaries [Pecari tajacu]), and there was no discernable location effect for others (n = 7 species, including tapirs [Tapirus bairdii] and white‐tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus]). For jaguars, sex ratio data showed a smaller proportion of males at off‐trail locations. Analysis of competitor and prey interaction data indicated temporal segregation at trail locations. Further jaguar camera‐trap studies should highlight camera placement as important source of bias that might influence results; hence, conservationists must be aware of this to avoid erroneous decisions.
Functional Traits of Boreal Species and Adaptation to Local Conditions
Authors: Klisz Marcin , Chakraborty Debojyoti , Cvjetković Branislav , Grabner Michael , Lintunen Anna , Mayer Konrad , George Jan-Peter , Rossi Sergio
Published: March 2023

Species continuity under the harsh climatic conditions of the boreal forest requires trees to ensure the functioning of two main life processes, namely growth and reproduction. However, species survival becomes a challenge when environmental conditions become unstable and reach the taxa’s ecological tolerance limit. Survival in an unstable environment is possible through the concurring processes of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation; each process has its advantages and shortcomings. Local adaptation allows attaining the best possible fitness under conditions of limited gene flow and strong directional selection, leading to specific adaptations to the local environment; however, there is a risk of maladaptation when conditions suddenly change. In turn, phenotypic plasticity provides trees an advantage when weather events change rapidly and enables a response expressed by the production of different phenotypes by the same genotype. However, this process is expensive in terms of costs in maintenance and causes developmental instability within the individual. Boreal trees utilize both processes as reflected in variations in their functional traits within the same species. In this chapter, we address the main life processes, presenting the variability of functional traits of flowering and seed production, xylem conductivity, bud and cambium phenology, as well as transpiration and photosynthesis, as a consequence of the interaction of genotype and environment. We describe the practical consequences of a variation in functional traits, as expressed in chemical and mechanical wood properties. Finally, we outline applications and perspectives for managing boreal forests in a context of heterogeneous and changing environmental conditions.
Innovative Silviculture to Achieve Sustainable Forest Management in Boreal Forests: Lessons from Two Large-Scale Experiments
Authors: Girona Miguel Montoro , Moussaoui Louiza , Morin Hubert , Thiffault Nelson , Leduc Alain , Raymond Patricia , Bosé Arun , Bergeron Yves , Lussier Jean-Martin
Published: March 2023

Clear-cutting has been the dominant harvesting method used in boreal forest silviculture. Reducing the potential negative effects of intensive forestry activities on ecosystems, e.g., the simplification and homogenization of stand structure, requires diversifying silvicultural practices to promote forest resilience in the face of climate change. Priority therefore lies in developing, evaluating, and adapting partial cutting as a potential silvicultural option for ensuring the sustainable management of boreal forests. In this chapter, we summarize the findings of two large-scale experiments conducted in Canadian boreal forests that tested new silvicultural approaches and explore their implications for forest management. We discuss the effects of these treatments on tree growth, tree mortality, regeneration, and biodiversity, and we examine the challenges of existing silvicultural approaches in the context of climate change.
Ecological Restoration of the Boreal Forest in Fennoscandia
Authors: Hjältén Joakim , Kouki Jari , Tolvanen Anne , Sjögren Jörgen , Versluijs Martijn
Published: March 2023

Mixed-severity disturbances have historically shaped boreal forests, creating a dynamic mosaic landscape. In Fennoscandia, however, intensive even-aged forest management has simplified the forest landscape, threatening biodiversity. To safeguard this biodiversity, we therefore need to restore structural complexity in hitherto managed forests. Knowledge generated from relevant case studies on natural disturbance emulation–based ecological restoration suggests that prescribed burning positively affects many early-successional organisms. Gap cutting benefits some insects and wood fungi but has a limited effect on birds, bryophytes, and vascular plants. Restoration of deciduous forests appears to benefit light- and deciduous tree–associated insect species and some forest birds.
Governance in the Boreal Forest: What Role for Local and Indigenous Communities?
Authors: Teitelbaum Sara , Asselin Hugo , Bissonnette Jean-François , Blouin Denis
Published: March 2023

This chapter describes key trends in boreal forest governance in the twenty-first century and implications for the engagement of local and Indigenous communities. By focusing on three global trends—internationalization, marketization, and decentralization—we highlight the evolving role of local and Indigenous communities in increasingly hybrid and multiscale governance arrangements. We present two case studies, community forests in Canada and Sami–industry collaborative planning in Sweden, to analyze the qualities of local governance initiatives and how they seek to transform conventional approaches to economic development and land-use practices according to the values and priorities of local and Indigenous communities.
Challenges for the Sustainable Management of the Boreal Forest Under Climate Change
Authors: Girona Miguel Montoro , Aakala Tuomas , Aquilué Núria , Bélisle Annie-Claude , Chaste Emeline , Danneyrolles Victor , Díaz-Yáñez Olalla , D’Orangeville Loïc , Grosbois Guillaume , Hester Alison , Kim Sanghyun , Kulha Niko , Martin Maxence , Moussaoui Louiza , Pappas Christoforos , Portier Jeanne , Teitelbaum Sara , Tremblay Jean-Pierre , Svensson Johan , Versluijs Martijn , Wallgren Märtha , Wang Jiejie , Gauthier Sylvie
Published: March 2023

The increasing effects of climate and global change oblige ecosystem-based management to adapt forestry practices to deal with uncertainties. Here we provide an overview to identify the challenges facing the boreal forest under projected future change, including altered natural disturbance regimes, biodiversity loss, increased forest fragmentation, the rapid loss of old-growth forests, and the need to develop novel silvicultural approaches. We specifically address subjects previously lacking from the ecosystem-based management framework, e.g., Indigenous communities, social concerns, ecological restoration, and impacts on aquatic ecosystems. We conclude by providing recommendations for ensuring the successful long-term management of the boreal biome facing climate change.
Selected Examples of Interactions Between Natural Disturbances
Authors: Ruel Jean-Claude , Wermelinger Beat , Gauthier Sylvie , Burton Philip J. , Waldron Kaysandra , Shorohova Ekaterina
Published: March 2023

Understanding natural disturbance regimes and their impacts is crucial in designing ecosystem management strategies. However, disturbances do not always occur in isolation; the occurrence of one disturbance influences the likelihood or the effect of another. In this chapter, we illustrate the importance of disturbance interactions by focusing on a subset of interactions present in different parts of the boreal forest. The selected interactions include insects and wind, insects and fire, and wind and fire. The potential consequences of climate change on these interactions are also discussed.
Ecological Classification in Forest Ecosystem Management: Links Between Current Practices and Future Climate Change in a Québec Case Study
Authors: Grondin Pierre , Brice Marie-Hélène , Boulanger Yan , Morneau Claude , Couillard Pierre-Luc , Richard Pierre J. H. , Chalumeau Aurélie , Poirier Véronique
Published: March 2023

Climate change is expected to profoundly impact boreal forests, ranging from changes in forest composition and productivity to modifications in disturbance regimes. These climate-induced changes represent a major challenge for forest ecosystem management, as information based on ecological classification may no longer provide a straightforward guide for attaining management goals in the future. In this chapter, we examine how climate change could influence the use of ecological classification and by what means this approach can continue to be relevant for guiding the ongoing development of management practices. We address these questions by first describing ecological classification, using the example of Québec’s classification system, and then showing its importance in forest ecosystem management. Using a forest landscape in Québec as a case study, we then look at how climate change could affect boreal forest ecosystems by presenting a detailed, multistep analysis that considers climate analogs, habitat suitability, and changes in forest composition. We show that at the end of the century, the vegetation of theAbies-Betulawestern subdomain will not change sufficiently to resemble that of its climate analog, currently located ~500 km to the south. Changes in fire frequency and severity could significantly modify forest dynamics and composition. Consequently, the potential vegetation and the successional pathways defined under the current climate could change and follow new successional trajectories. This possible reality forces us to question some fundamental aspects of ecological classification. However, we argue that ecological classification can still provide a valuable framework for future forest management, particularly in continuing to recognize the various types of ecosystems present along toposequences. Given the changes expected in forest vegetation composition and dynamics, future variability and uncertainty must be integrated into the current stable classification units and predictable successional trajectories of ecological classification.
Ocean Governance for Sustainability Transformation
Authors: Partelow Stefan , Hadjimichael Maria , Hornidge Anna-Katharina
Published: March 2023

This introductory chapter focuses on selected key events, features and policies of ocean governance that have had, or are likely to be needed in transforming how and why we govern the ocean sustainably. In doing so we outline examples of prominent historical events, important thematic areas of global development, policy instruments and the principles of governance processes that can transform the way society engages with the ocean. However, we acknowledge that such an overview cannot fully capture all issues, particularly how each is differentiated at regional and local levels. Accordingly, we introduce globally relevant issues and general principles, which will require further inquiry to fully unpack at the relevant levels and scales for engaged students, researchers, policy-makers and practitioners. Thus, we provide an overview of these topics from a multi- and inter-disciplinary perspective, supported by up-to-date literature. This is followed by a brief explanation of how the chapters in the book are organized into three parts, and how each chapter contributes to the book’s content, including a final chapter that outlines the takeaway points for students, researchers and policy-makers in pursuing ocean governance for sustainability transformation.
Annotation als Markup avant la lettre
Authors: Meister Jan Christoph
Published: March 2023

In der Texthermeneutik als dem für das traditionelle Selbstverständnis der Philologien wesentlichem Arbeitsbereich spielt der Einsatz digitaler Verfahren bislang kaum eine Rolle. Auch die genuin hermeneutischen Operationen des Erschließens, Verstehens und Interpretierens von Gegenständen lassen sich jedoch sinnvoll mit DH-Verfahren unterstützen. Einen wichtigen Ansatzpunkt bietet hier ein ambitionierteres Konzept von Markup, das jenseits der Praxis schemakonform-deklarativer Textauszeichnung auch die der diskursiven, hermeneutischen Textannotation in den Blick fasst. Aus der konzeptionellen Erweiterung resultieren dabei funktionale Anforderungen für die Implementierung in einer digitalen Arbeitsumgebung. Wie dies konkret umgesetzt werden kann demonstriert als 'proof of concept' die Webapplikation CATMA. - Die im Anhang beigefügte Sichtung und Evaluation von Annotationsplattformen wurde im Rahmen des DFG-LIS-Antrages forTEXT von Marco Petris erarbeitet.
Burrows’s Delta und Z-Score-Differenz im Netzwerkvergleich. Analysen zum Deutschen Novellenschatz von Paul Heyse und Hermann Kurz (1871–1876)
Authors: Weitin Thomas
Published: March 2023

Das für die hermeneutisch ausgerichtete Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft zentrale Konzept der Ähnlichkeit erfährt durch das Methodenarsenal algorithmischer Textanalysen Veränderungen, die ihrerseits konzeptionell begriffen werden müssen. Dazu gehört zu untersuchen, wo und wie die quantitativen Ausprägungen von Ähnlichkeit und Differenz qualitativ kategorisierbar werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag modelliert mit diesem Ziel verschiedene Abstraktionsniveaus der Ähnlichkeit, die von der Unterscheidung zwischen lokaler und globaler Textähnlichkeit über die Korpusanalyse besonders distinktiver Wörter bis zur Frage nach der Interpretierbarkeit von Entropiewerten reichen.
Lieder als kollektive Texte. Digitale Verschriftung und populäre Philologie auf Genius
Authors: Nebrig Alexander
Published: March 2023

Wurde mit dem Buchdruck die schriftliche Überlieferung von eigentlich mündlich tradierten Liedern intensiviert, so ging im Zuge der Digitalisierung die Überlieferung von Liedern endgültig in den Bereich schriftbasierter Medien über. Am Beispiel der Datenbank für populäre SongsGeniuswird die digitale Entstehung von literaturgeschichtlich signifikanten Lied-Korpora vorgestellt (Stand 2018), mit Praktiken der Verschriftung analoger Lied-Korpora um 1800 kontrastiert und hinsichtlich ihres kollektiven Charakters erörtert.
Stadtquartiere im Kontext von Migration und Integration. Herausforderungen für die Soziale Arbeit unter den Rahmenbedingungen einer zunehmend restriktiven Integrationspolitik
Authors: Streckeisen Peter
Published: March 2023

Dieser Beitrag setzt sich mit der Bedeutung der heutigen Integrationspolitik für die Stadtentwicklung und die Quartierarbeit auseinander. Am Beispiel Basels wird die Integrationspolitik als Programm einer differenziellen Inklusion untersucht, welche zugewanderte Menschen in drei Kategorien einteilt und auf dieser Grundlage sehr unterschiedlich behandelt. Zugleich geraten die Stadtquartiere in den Fokus eines statistischen Monitorings mit Integrationsindikatoren, und der Quartierarbeit wird die Aufgabe zugewiesen, so genannte schwer erreichbare sozial benachteiligte Gruppen zu erreichen. Der Beitrag nennt Herausforderungen, mit denen Professionelle der Sozialen Arbeit sich bewusst auseinandersetzen müssen, damit ihre Tätigkeit nicht durch eine restriktive Integrationspolitik vereinnahmt wird. Die Bekämpfung sozialer Ungleichheiten sollte mit einer Anerkennung vielfältiger kultureller Praxen und Lebensstile verknüpft werden, um der doppelten Stigmatisierung auf der Basis von Klasse und Kultur zu begegnen.
Villain model with long-range couplings
Authors: Giachetti Guido , Defenu Nicolò , Ruffo Stefano , Trombettoni Andrea
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The nearest-neighbor Villain, or periodic Gaussian, model is a useful tool to understand the physics of the topological defects of the two-dimensional nearest-neighbor XY model, as the two models share the same symmetries and are in the same universality class. The long-range counterpart of the two-dimensional XY has been recently shown to exhibit a non-trivial critical behavior, with a complex phase diagram including a range of values of the power-law exponent of the couplings decay, σ, in which there are a magnetized, a disordered and a critical phase [1]. Here we address the issue of whether the critical behavior of the two-dimensional XY model with long-range couplings can be described by the Villain counterpart of the model. After introducing a suitable generalization of the Villain model with long-range couplings, we derive a set of renormalization-group equations for the vortex-vortex potential, which differs from the one of the long-range XY model, signaling that the decoupling of spin-waves and topological defects is no longer justified in this regime. The main results are that for σ < 2 the two models no longer share the same universality class. Remarkably, within a large region of its the phase diagram, the Villain model is found to behave similarly to the one-dimensional Ising model with 1/r2 interactions.
A detailed investigation of W+c-jet at the LHC
Authors: Czakon Michał , Mitov Alexander , Pellen Mathieu , Poncelet Rene
Published: March 2023

Abstract

State-of-the-art analyses of W+c-jet production at the LHC require precise predictions. In the present work, we study in detail the impact of off-diagonal CKM elements up to next-to-next-to leading order in QCD, the influence of flavored jet algorithms, and the size of electroweak corrections. In addition, we also investigate phenomenological aspects related to the exact definition of the process. We find that all these effects can be of the order of several per cent for both the fiducial cross section and differential distributions. They are, therefore, very relevant for the interpretation of current and upcoming measurements.
Isospin-breaking corrections to light-meson leptonic decays from lattice simulations at physical quark masses
Authors: Boyle Peter , Di Carlo Matteo , Erben Felix , Gülpers Vera , Hansen Maxwell T. , Harris Tim , Hermansson-Truedsson Nils , Hodgson Raoul , Jüttner Andreas , hÓgáin Fionn Ó , Portelli Antonin , Richings James , Yong Andrew Zhen Ning
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The decreasing uncertainties in theoretical predictions and experimental measurements of several hadronic observables related to weak processes, which in many cases are now smaller than O(1%), require theoretical calculations to include subleading corrections that were neglected so far. Precise determinations of leptonic and semi-leptonic decay rates, including QED and strong isospin-breaking effects, can play a central role in solving the current tensions in the first-row unitarity of the CKM matrix. In this work we present the first RBC/UKQCD lattice calculation of the isospin-breaking corrections to the ratio of leptonic decay rates of kaons and pions into muons and neutrinos. The calculation is performed at fixed lattice spacing (a−1 ≃ 1.730 GeV) on a 483× 96 volume with Nf = 2 + 1 dynamical quarks close to the physical point and domain wall fermions in the Möbius formulation are employed. Long-distance QED interactions are included according to the QEDL prescription and the crucial role of finite-volume electromagnetic corrections in the determination of leptonic decay rates, which produce a large systematic uncertainty, is extensively discussed. Finally, we study the different sources of uncertainty on |Vus|/|Vud| and observe that, if finite-volume systematics can be reduced, the error from isospin-breaking corrections is potentially sub-dominant in the final precision of the ratio of the CKM matrix elements.
Chirurgische Notfälle während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Prokein Benjamin , Dau Michael , Mittlmeier Thomas , Schafmayer Clemens , Frerich Bernhard
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund

Innerhalb weniger Monate hatte sich COVID-19 weltweit verbreitet. Studien konnten zeigen, dass es in diesem Zusammenhang zu einem Rückgang ärztlicher Konsultationen kam. Vor dem Hintergrund neuer Diskussionen über erneute Einschränkungsmaßnahmen bei steigenden COVID-19-Fallzahlen, soll diese Studie die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf chirurgische Notfälle der Universitätsmedizin Rostock untersuchen und die Fallzahlen denen der Vorjahre gegenüberstellen.

Material und Methode

Ziel der Studie war es, die Fallzahlen der chirurgischen Notaufnahme der Universitätsmedizin Rostock im Zeitraum 2020 und 2021 denen der letzten beiden Vorjahre (2018, 2019) gegenüberzustellen. Weiterhin erfolgte die Untersuchung des Einflusses der COVID-19-Fallzahlen auf die Fallzahlen der Notaufnahme.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt konnten die Daten von 74.936 Patientenfällen in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Es zeigte sich ein hochsignifikanter Rückgang der chirurgischen Notfälle während der COVID-19-Pandemie (p < 0,001). Diese zeigten eine hochsignifikante negative Korrelation mit den COVID-19-Fallzahlen (p < 0,001). Die Einschränkungen der Bundesregierung hatten direkten Einfluss sowohl auf die COVID-19-Fallzahlen als auch damit verbunden auf die Fallzahlen der Notaufnahme.

Schlussfolgerung

Es zeigte sich ein direkter Zusammenhang der COVID-19-Fallzahlen auf die Fallzahlen der chirurgischen Notaufnahme. Bei insgesamt schwieriger Personalplanung während einer Pandemie kann dies wichtige Hinweise für ein geeignetes Personalmanagement bei ähnlichen zukünftigen Ereignissen liefern.
Dermatoskopie nichtneoplastischer Erkrankungen auf dunkler Haut
Authors: Müller Christoph , Kittler Harald
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund

Die Dermatoskopie stellt ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel in der allgemeinen Dermatologie dar.

Ziel der Arbeit

Es erfolgt die Darstellung von Unterschieden von heller und dunkler Haut in nichtneoplastischen Erkrankungen mit Fokus auf die Dermatoskopie.

Material und Methoden

Anhand von bisher publizierten Studien sollen dermatoskopische Unterschiede der unterschiedlichen Hauttypen sowie Merkmale von inflammatorischen Erkrankungen und Pigmentveränderungen erläutert werden.

Ergebnisse

Bestimmte Strukturen sind in der Dermatoskopie dunkler Haut schwieriger zu beurteilen (z. B. Gefäße), während sich andere Strukturen (z. B. Follikelöffnungen) prominenter darstellen.

Diskussion

Der Großteil der Studien zur Dermatoskopie stammt aus Studien, in denen vorwiegend Personen mit einem hellen Hauttyp inkludiert wurden. Weitere Studien mit Personen mit einem Hauttyp IV oder höher sind notwendig, um die Diagnostik in dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe zu verbessern.
The Legendre pseudorandom function as a multivariate quadratic cryptosystem: security and applications
Authors: Seres István András , Horváth Máté , Burcsi Péter
Published: March 2023

Sequences of consecutive Legendre and Jacobi symbols as pseudorandom bit generators were proposed for cryptographic use in 1988. Major interest has been shown towards pseudorandom functions (PRF) recently, based on the Legendre and power residue symbols, due to their efficiency in the multi-party setting. The security of these PRFs is not known to be reducible to standard cryptographic assumptions. In this work, we show that key-recovery attacks against the Legendre PRF are equivalent to solving a specific family of multivariate quadratic (MQ) equation system over a finite prime field. This new perspective sheds some light on the complexity of key-recovery attacks against the Legendre PRF. We conduct algebraic cryptanalysis on the resulting MQ instance. We show that the currently known techniques and attacks fall short in solving these sparse quadratic equation systems. Furthermore, we build novel cryptographic applications of the Legendre PRF, e.g., verifiable random function and (verifiable) oblivious (programmable) PRFs.
Characterization of Turkish pine honey according to their geographical origin based on physicochemical parameters and chemometrics
Authors: Uçurum H. Özgül , Tepe Şeref , Yeşil Ersel , Güney Fazıl , Karakuş Sümeyye , Kolayli Sevgi , Takma Çiğdem , Duru M. Emin , Özkök Aslı , Yücel Banu , Karaca Üzeyir , Sorkun Kadriye , Baran Aynur , Kilinç Ahmet , Köseoğlu Mustafa , Özsoy Neslihan , Kunduraci B. Sami , Türkaslan Nurten , Atmaca Hilal , Karaağaç Hacer E. , Topal Erkan , Dayioğlu Miray , Kalkan Mücait , Ekerbiçer Ünal , Çakici Neslihan
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to determine the characteristic properties of Turkish pine honey, which is an important honeydew honey. The geographical classification of the honey was determined by applying carbon isotope, melissopalynological, and physicochemical analyses to 373 samples collected from 47 regions between 2015 and 2017 under controlled conditions. δ13C protein-δ13Choney, C4%, electrical conductivity, moisture, ash, free acidity, color CIEL* a*b attributes, optical rotation [α]20, proline, diastases activities, and sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose) were used as physicochemical properties. Number of honeydew elements /number of total pollen (NHE/NTP) ratios were studied at melissopalynological analyses. The results showed that all samples exhibited honeydew properties, and that all physicochemical parameters met the criteria set by regulatory standards for honeydew. However, C4% sugar and δ13C protein-δ13C honey values did not meet the regulatory criteria and exhibited quite wide standard deviations.
Accuracy of CT Scan for Detecting Hollow Viscus Injury in Penetrating Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Wolmarans Anika , Fru Pascaline N. , Moeng Maeyane S.
Published: March 2023

Background

In penetrating abdominal trauma, computed tomography (CT) is routinely performed to evaluate stable patients for selective non‐operative management (SNOM). Triple‐contrast CT (oral, rectal, and IV) has traditionally been used. However, due to its disadvantages, most trauma centres, including our unit at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH), now perform single‐contrast intravenous‐only CT scans. We performed a retrospective review to determine the accuracy of single‐contrast CT scans for detecting hollow viscus injuries (HVI) in penetrating abdominal trauma.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients who presented to CMJAH with penetrating abdominal injuries was performed between 01 August 2017 and 31 August 2019 and were evaluated for SNOM with CT (IV contrast only). Patient records were reviewed to determine pertinent demographics, mechanism, and site of injury, as well as metabolic parameters. CT findings were compared to findings at laparotomy.

Results

A total of 437 patients met the inclusion criteria. The majority were male (92.7%), with a mean age of 31.5 yrs (SD 8.7). Injuries were predominantly due to stab wounds (72,5%, n = 317). CT scan was negative in 342 patients, of which 314 completed SNOM successfully. A total of 93 patients proceeded to laparotomy. CT had a sensitivity of 95.1%, specificity of 44.2%, positive predictive value of 57.4%, and negative predictive value of 92%.

Conclusion

Single‐contrast CT in penetrating abdominal trauma is a valuable investigative tool in identifying patients for SNOM. Features of HVI on single‐contrast CT are not very specific and should be interpreted along with other clinical factors including wound trajectory and serial abdominal examinations. Other associated injuries such as diaphragmatic and solid organ injuries should be considered in the final management plan.
Apremilast for biologic-naïve, peripheral psoriatic arthritis, including patients with early disease: results from the APROACH observational prospective study
Authors: Sfikakis Petros P. , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios , Katsifis Gkikas , Vosvotekas Georgios , Dimitroulas Theodoros , Sidiropoulos Prodromos , Vounotrypidis Periklis , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Georgountzos Athanasios Ι. , Bounas Andreas G. , Georgiou Panagiotis , Gazi Souzana , Kataxaki Evangelia , Liossis Stamatis-Nick , Theodorou Evangelos , Papagoras Charalampos , Theotikos Evangelos , Vlachoyiannopoulos Panayiotis , Voulgari Paraskevi V. , Kekki Angeliki , Antonakopoulos Nikolaos , Boumpas Dimitrios T.
Published: March 2023

To evaluate the effect of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor apremilast in biologic-naïve patients with early peripheral PsA in terms of disease activity, clinical manifestations, patient-perceived outcomes, as well as apremilast’s safety profile in routine care settings of Greece. Non-interventional, multicenter, 52-week prospective cohort study, enrolling biologic-naïve patients with early active peripheral PsA who started apremilast after intolerance or inadequate response (within the first 12 months of treatment) to an initial conventional synthetic (cs)DMARD treatment. Non-responder imputation was applied for missing data.In total, 167 consecutive patients (mean age: 52.5 years; median PsA duration: 0.9 years) were analyzed. At baseline, the median (interquartile range) clinical Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (cDAPSA) score was 22.0 (16.0–29.0), with 86.8% of patients having at least moderate (29.3% high) disease activity; 87.4% had skin psoriasis, 37.7% nail psoriasis, 30.7% enthesitis, and 12.4% dactylitis. At 16, 24, and 52 weeks, 28.7, 42.5, and 48.5% of patients, achieved ≥ 50% improvement in their baseline cDAPSA score, respectively. At week 52, 55.6, 50, and 26.8% of evaluable patients achieved complete resolution of enthesitis, dactylitis and nail psoriasis, respectively. Improvements were also observed in patient’s health state assessed by the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease 12-item questionnaire, and health-related quality of life. The 52-week drug survival rate was 75%, while 13.8% of patients experienced at least one adverse drug reaction.Biologic-naïve patients with early PsA, treated with apremilast experienced significant improvements in disease activity, extra-articular manifestations and patient-centered outcomes, accompanied by a favorable tolerability profile.
Seaweed Extract Biostimulants Differentially act in Mitigating Drought Stress on Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: El Boukhari Mohammed El Mehdi , Barakate Mustapha , Drissi BadrEddine , Bouhia Youness , Lyamlouli Karim
Published: March 2023

Prolonged drought periods cause a cascade of biochemical alterations in plants and lead to reduction in plant growth and crop productivity. Seaweed extracts are a category of plant biostimulants that are effective in alleviating drought stress on plants. However, the effect of seaweed extracts on attenuating the negative impact of drought on Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under arid and semi-arid conditions has received little attention. This study was conducted to evaluate the performances of extracts made from Fucus spiralis (FSE), Ulva lactuca (ULE), Laminaria ochroleuca (LOE), and Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE) in mitigating drought stress in Faba bean. The biochemical profile of the extracts was characterized, and key physiological and biochemical parameters of Faba bean plants were assessed during both drought and recovery phases. All investigated extracts positively affected plant biomass under drought stress conditions. Plants that received LOE had a higher relative water content and lower malondialdehyde concentration in comparison with stressed control plants. The positive effect of ANE and FSE was mainly attributed to proline accumulation in plant tissues under stress. FSE and ULE application resulted in a higher concentration of soluble sugars in treated plants in comparison to the control plants. It was concluded that seaweed extracts originating from different sources and extracted using different protocols act differentially in altering plant-related stress traits. Overall, seaweed extracts are potentially an effective solution to manage the negative impact of water scarcity on Faba bean.
Aerodynamic optimization of a generic light truck under unsteady conditions using gradient-enriched machine learning control
Authors: Semaan Richard , Oswald Philipp , Cornejo Maceda Guy Y. , Noack Bernd R.
Published: March 2023

We present the first machine-learned multiple-input multiple-output aerodynamic feedback control under varying operating conditions. Closed-loop control is relevant to many fluid dynamic applications ranging from gust mitigation to drag reduction. Existing machine learning control investigations have been mainly applied under steady conditions. The current study leverages gradient-enriched machine learning control (Cornejo Maceda et al. in J Fluid Mech 917:A42, 2021) to identify optimal control laws under unsteady conditions. The approach is exemplified on a coupled oscillator system with unsteady coupling and demonstrated for a generic truck model undergoing a yawing maneuver. Key enablers of the experiment are a rich set of pneumatic actuators and pressure sensors. The results demonstrate the method’s capabilities in identifying an efficient forcing for control under dynamically changing conditions. This automated and generalizable closed-loop control strategy complements and expands the machine learning control field and promises a new fast-track avenue to efficiently control a broader set of fluid flow problems.
The relationship between hearing status, listening effort, and the need for recovery in employees of a manufacturing company
Authors: van der Hoek-Snieders Hanneke E. M. , de Laat Jan A. P. M. , Dreschler Wouter A.
Published: March 2023

Objective

Hearing screening can be used to detect hearing loss, but its value for identifying employees with work functioning difficulties is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the association between the hearing status measured with an occupational hearing-in-noise screening test, Listening Effort (LE), and Need For Recovery (NFR) in employees of a manufacturing company, and to examine whether these associations depend on the perceived noise level at the workplace.

Methods

Employees of coatings and paints manufacturing company were included. Their hearing status was assessed with an occupational hearing-in-noise screening test. An online survey was used to assess their LE, NFR, and the perceived noise level at the workplace. Responses from 143 employees were analyzed (mean age = 53 years) using hierarchical multiple regression analysis with the outcomes LE and NFR.

Results

Regression analysis—with adjustments for gender, age, educational level, health status, pace/amount of work, job variety, and work pleasure—revealed that hearing status was significantly associated with LE, but the interaction between hearing status and the perceived noise level was not. Hearing status nor the interaction between hearing status and the perceived noise level was significantly associated with NFR.

Conclusion

The results confirm that poorer hearing is associated with higher LE, but not with higher NFR. These associations were unrelated to the perceived noise level at the workplace. Therefore, the value of occupational hearing screening appears to be early identification of hearing loss in employees, but not identification of work functioning difficulties.
Oculomotor fatigability with decrements of saccade and smooth pursuit for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Tin , Kang Jin-Ju , Chae Ju-Hee , Lee Eunsu , Kim Hyo-Jeong , Kim Ji-Soo , Oh Sun-Young
Published: March 2023

Background and objectives

As the efficacy of current diagnostic methods for myasthenia gravis (MG) remains suboptimal, there is ongoing interest in developing more effective diagnostic models. As oculomotor fatigability is one of the most common and diagnostic symptoms in MG, we aimed to investigate whether quantitative saccadic and smooth-pursuit fatigability analyses with video-oculography (VOG) are useful for diagnosis of MG.

Methods

A convenience cohort of 46 MG patients was recruited prospectively, including 35 with ocular and 11 with generalized MG (mean age, 50.9 ± 14.5 years; 17 females); 24 healthy controls (HCs) (mean age, 50.6 ± 16.3 years; 13 females) also were enrolled. Seventy-five repetitive saccades and smooth pursuits were recorded in ranges of 20° (horizontal plane) and 15° (vertical plane) using a three-dimensional VOG system. Based on the oculomotor range of the second saccade and smooth pursuit and the mean ranges of the last five of each, the estimated decrements (%) reflecting oculomotor fatigability were calculated.

Results

The baseline oculomotor ranges did not show significant difference between the MG and HCs groups. However, following repetitive saccades and pursuits, the oculomotor ranges were decreased substantially during the last five cycles compared to baseline in the MG group. No such decrements were observed in the HC group (p < 0.01, Mann–WhitneyUtest). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that repetitive vertical saccades yielded the best differentiation between the MG and HC groups, with a sensitivity of 78.3% and specificity of 95.8% when using a decrement with an amplitude of 6.4% as the cutoff.

Conclusion

This study presents an objective and reproducible method for measuring decrements of oculomotor ranges after repetitive saccadic and pursuit movements. Quantification of oculomotor fatigability using VOG could be a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for MG and allows easy, cost-effective, accurate, and non-invasive measurements.

Classification of evidence

This study provides class III evidence that VOG-based quantification of saccadic and pursuit fatigability accurately identifies patients with MG.