bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic and Unsystematic Risk in Real Estate Development: A Theoretical Based Analysis
Authors: Thilini K.A.M. , Wikcramaarachchi N.C. , Anuradha P.A.N.S.
Published: March 2022

The real estate development industry includes a wide range of organizations and individuals and, it is inherently risky, with high barriers to entry reflecting the cyclic and capital-intensive nature of the sector, and the typically slow payback period. In certain cases, risk includes the prospect of losing the original investment. The risk is classified into different categories among them, systematic risks and unsystematic risks is one important category for an investor. Moreover, systematic risk is the type of risk caused by external factors that affect all investments and, systematic risk is the probability of a loss associated with the entire market or the segment and cannot be controlled whereas unsystematic risk is associated with a specific industry as well as it is controllable. In Sri Lankan context, though there are few researches on identifying the risk factors, but not explained what is systematic and what is unsystematic. Therefore, this research focus to categorize the already identified risk factors in to two areas as systematic and unsystematic. The data collection is based on the past literature and 25 published articles in indexed Journals, conference papers and reports relating real estate development risk factors up to 2020 were identified. Accordingly altogether 35 risk factors were identified and , ten risk factors which were recognized as most significant to the commercial real estate developments were selected for the purpose of the analysis. Results emphasized that climate changes, natural disaster, pandemic risk, council approval process and changes of tax policies as systematic risk factors. On the other hand, the community acceptability, duration, facility management, brand visibility as well as workforce availability as unsystematic risk factors. Hence having identified the risk factors on this basis will help to measure the beta coefficient of the systematic risk in commercial real estate developments to take better investment decisions while increasing the satisfaction of long-term investment goals as well as contribute to improve the risk management strategies in the real estate industry. Measures should be taken to eliminate the unsystematic risk thus the losses from systematic risk may automatically mitigate.

Keywords: Systematic Risk, Unsystematic Risk, Risk Management, Real Estate Development
Enhancing Amicable Settlement of Construction Disputes Via A Systems Approach
Authors: Jayalath C. , Kanchana A.
Published: March 2022

Given the uniqueness, complexity and the presence of multiple parties, disputes are inevitable in construction projects. None of the alternative means of dispute resolution easily offer a platform for amicable settlement; instead a third party is given a considerable stake in managing the whole process and making judgments, the result of which is often being in either favor or against a disputed party. This article evaluates the potential of the employer and contractor, often being the main protagonists, to settle their disputes internally within the existing system they reside. A sample size of 15 in each group was involved in this empirical study. A Mann Whiney U test revealed that the disputants prefer a consensual approach by internalizing their disputes so that a third-party intervention is not necessarily indispensable. A model on dispute process based on the theory of systems is identified and proposed for further research.

Keywords: Adjudication, Amicable settlement, Arbitration, Disputes, Mediation
Case Study on the Role of Social Enterprises in the Empowerment of Women in the Agricultural sector and the Moderating Effect of Personal Constraints
Authors: Elapata M.S. , Samarasinghe D.S.R.
Published: March 2022

Social enterprises are receiving continuous attention of policy makers, researchers and practitioners. During the last decades it has been recognized as an imperative and untapped source for economic development. However, there is a dearth of reliable and detailed picture of the role of social enterprises on women empowerment particularly in the Agriculture sector. Thus, the study attempted to explore the role of social enterprises on women empowerment and the moderating effect of personal constraints on the relationship between the perceived benefits of social enterprises and women empowerment. The study purposively selected social enterprises operated under private organizations, people’s organization and Cooperatives. Thereby 210 women entrepreneurs engaged in these social enterprises were selected using simple random technique. The study employed a quantitative methods of data collection, which included a structured questionnaire followed by interviews of key informants. One sample t test, Factor Analysis, Pearson Correlation, and Moderated Linear Regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The dependent variable of the study was women empowerment and the independent variables were the perceived benefits through “resource mobility”, “community-based development”, “community-based service provision”. The moderator variable was personal constraints. The overall Women empowerment index of the sample women farmers was 3. 9641 highlighting that the women farmers engaged in social enterprises were highly empowered. The results revealed that Resource mobility had a strong significant and strong positive relationship with women empowerment and Community based development had a weak positive relationship with women empowerment. However, majority of the women farmers perceived lack of capital, lack of family support and gender biasness and non-acceptance as the personal constraints they faced. The results also indicated that personal constraints have moderated the relationship between resource mobility and women empowerment (β = 0. 160., p=0.026). The results revealed that the role of social enterprises especially in mobilizing the resources will be affected by the personal constraints faced by the women farmers. However social enterprises could be used as a key driver for empowering the rural women farmers.

Keywords: Social enterprises, Perceived benefits, Women empowerment, Personal constraint
Critical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Retirement Benefit Schemes in Labour Legislations of Sri Lanka
Authors: Rajapakse R.L.W.
Published: March 2022

Retirement can be considered as the most-evidence junction in life where someone decides to permanently leave the workforce behind. According to the right based theory, the state is obliged to look after individuals of the country, and particularly this includes retired elders who contributed their labour, energy and knowledge towards the economy of a country during their young age. The International Labor Organization (ILO) also requires that member countries should secure to the persons protected under the provisions of old-age benefit. However, this has become a difficult task with a recent trend of the aging of the population where the life expectancy of people has grown up. Sri Lanka also has taken some of the steps to enable a few legislations to address this issue of retirement benefits. In this context the main objective of this study was to critically evaluate the effectiveness of the existing labour legislations in Sri Lanka which discusses the retirement benefits. Special attention has been given to the recovery procedure of default payments under Employees Provident Fund Act, Employees Trust Fund Act and Payment of Gratuity Act. Apart from the discussion of the private and semi-government sphere, the researcher specifically dealt with the retirement benefits legislation on university employees by comparing it with the legislations applicable to other sectors. This research study utilized the qualitative methodology where the researcher studied, analyzed, and synthesized a variety of legal documents such as international conventions, legislations, case laws, books, and journal articles. Finally, the research reveals that the retirement benefits mentioned in all three major legislations do not support the state to ease the burden of looking after the old aged people and it is totally shifted to the youngsters of their families. This study fills the lacuna of having a comprehensive legal analysis pertaining to the area of retirement benefits in Sri Lanka including the state university sector by suggesting how the laws should be amended to fill the gaps in the existing law.

Keywords: Elderly people, Contributory pension scheme, Retirement benefits.
Multi-National Corporations and their Human Rights Obligations –A Legal Assessment of Ruggie Principles and other the UN Initiatives
Authors: Muhandiram N.S.L.
Published: March 2022

Failure of creating a direct human rights obligation for the conduct of Multi-National Corporation is one of the pressing global issues of the 21st century. It has further intensified the influential role of MNCs across the globe. Although regulation of private entities has been recognized concerning war crimes, crimes against humanity, and forced labor but, there is no legal obligation for private entities to be accountable for human rights violations that they are involved in. Nonetheless, under the auspicious of United Nations Organizations few initiatives have been taken to regulate the activities of MNCs concerning their effects on human rights. The Code of Conduct for Transnational Corporations, the UN Global Compact, Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Regard to Human Rights and Guiding Principles of Business and Human Rights (hereinafter Ruggie Principles) are significant in this regard. However, neither any such standards nor the Guiding Principles which is considered as the most authoritative statement of human rights duties of MNCs identify or emphasize direct human rights obligations of MNCs. They merely impose the indirect obligation of MNCs to respect, protect, and remedy human rights. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to assess the legal effects of the obligations created by these UN initiatives focusing more on Guiding Principles. This is normative research based on international legal instruments on human rights. The paper will argue that imposing due diligence on MNCs as a standard of conduct does not maintain a legal duty but, rather help to escape their responsibility. In conclusion, the paper will suggest to have a legally binding framework to regulate MNCs to protect, respect and remedy human rights for direct human rights obligation.

Keywords: Human Rights, Direct Obligation, Indirect Obligation, Ruggie Principles, Due Diligence
The method of unreliable narrator as a key to the genre labyrinths of Piranesi
Authors: Zelezinskaya N. S.
Published: March 2022

The article demonstrates how Susanna Clarke utilises the principally unstable genre attributions in Piranesi to guide the reader to comprehension of the ideas at the core of contemporary European thinking: otherness, the plurality of opinion, truth as a matter of opinion, acceptance of the Self, equality in diversity, and the prerogative of heart over mind. Clarke proceeds with a successful study of human nature through the prism of ‘otherness.’ Starting off with the traditional interpretation of ‘Another’ as alien, Clarke leads the reader towards a more edgy and relevant interpretation of the problem — searching for Oneself in Another and for Another in Oneself. The relativist paradigm in the novel is realised through a polyphony of consciousnesses. Changing voices allow the reader to identify the genre and related philosophical viewpoints in order to test each of them on the novel’s events. Searching for genre-specific keys to Piranesi’s labyrinth, the reader turns to the author for help. However, Clarke chooses the form of an unreliable narrator, modelling the situation with the search for a way out of the labyrinth in real life too.
Beyond Cuckoo’s Nest, or Composing one’s book
Authors: Liutova S. N.
Published: March 2022

The author reflects on her personal acquaintance and pen friendship with Zoe C. Escobar (1948–2021), an American ‘one-book writer.’ Escobar’s own biography and the writing process behind Beyond Cuckoo’s Nest: The Art and Life of William ‘Sonny’ Sampson, Jr., her book on the Muscogee Creek Indian cowboy, actor and artist, are presented in the form of lively conversations between herself and the author of the article, accompanied by depictions of the private life of Native Americans in the period spanning the second half of the 20th and the early 21st cc. The article particularly focuses on the origin of the nonproﬁt American Indian Registry for the Performing Arts in Hollywood, founded by Escobar, who also served as its ﬁrst executive director, as well as Escobar’s personal and work relationship with the actor, artist and Native Americans’ spiritual leader Will Sampson, whose most memorable role was that of Chief Bromden in M. Forman’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. The author of the article chooses the format of a case study to explore several technical aspects of the creative process and construct Z. Escobar’s and W. Sampson’s psychological portraits.
Yury Dombrovsky’s complaint to the Prosecutor General of the USSR
Authors: Duardovich I.
Published: March 2022

Yury Dombrovsky did not leave any journals or memoirs. His life story can be gleaned from letters, criminal case ﬁles and other oﬃcial records, as well as reminiscences of his friends and autobiographical prose and poetry. This publication of a previously unknown complaint is highly signiﬁcant: ﬁrst of all, it contains the writer’s description of his personal odyssey during the Stalin era and oﬀers a concise yet informative summary of events spanning a long period of time (1920s–1940s) and their background; importantly, it covers his time in the labour camp, of which very little is known. With few exceptions, e.g., the extract entitled ‘From the Notes of Zybin’ from his novel The Keeper of Antiquities [ Khranitel drevnostey], Dombrovsky avoided remembering this period or writing about it. The complaint to the Prosecutor General of the USSR survived in the case ﬁle of the fourth criminal proceedings started against Dombrovsky in 1949. The complaint mentions famous personalities, writers and literary critics. The comments to the publication draw on a vast body of documents including Dombrovsky’s criminal case ﬁles.
N. V. Gogol. Сomplete works and correspondence (23 vols). Vol. 8: Dead Souls [Myortvye dushi]. Part two
Authors: Cherkashina M. V.
Published: March 2022

The 8th volume of the new 23-volume complete works and correspondence of N. Gogol contains both sets of the surviving chapters of the second part of Dead Souls. In contrast to the previous scholarly edition (1935-1952), the team of Gogol scholars of the Institute of World Literature of the RAS, headed by Y. Mann, revised the approach to the source of the main text in favour of the so called ‘under text’ of the manuscript, known since 1849from its reading by the author to his friends; compared with the‘overwriting,’ it appears more comprehensive, artistically complete, and stylistically consistent. It is the ﬁrst such publication that reduces conjectures to a minimum, in keeping with contemporary principles of scholarly publications. The book’s indisputable value lies in its extensive reference section, which features a detailed table of contents to ease navigation of the references, as well as a chapter on the Divine Comedy as an alleged prototype of Dead Souls.
The 2000s: Applied eschatology
Authors: Pogorelaya E. A.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to an eschatological journey, a poetic tackling of the mystery of life and death. In her analysis of the new publications by A. Pereverzin, S. Saprykina and L. Yugay, the author discusses the diverse types of the 2020s’ ‘eschatological poetics’: the traditional Christian variant, the mythological one, which entails a journey to the underworld, and the one based in research; the latter typifies, for example, the poetics in the works by Yugay, who has a background in folklore studies. Exploring the poetics of the aforementioned poets in the context of the lyrical poetic tradition of the 20th and 21st cc., the critic discovers that modern poems on death are largely therapeutic, bringing closer the space of comforting memory — but without classical tragedy or the poignancy of the experience. That world and this world are brought together by soothing memory; it is the category of memory that determines the new poetic mysticism — with a mild flavour of a life’s tragedy offset by a promise of a continued relationship with the departed within a private or familial mythology rather than a traditional clan myth.
On Nina A. Dmitrieva
Authors: Chlenova S. F.
Published: March 2022

The ﬁrst publication of N. Dmitrieva’s article on Dickens and Dostoevsky. Compared to the plethora of studies devoted to Dickens’ influence on Dostoevsky, Dmitrieva’s work catches the eye as less general and more profound: something that can be described as the memory of Dickensian allusions in Dostoevsky’s novels. This is achieved through ingeniously revealed similarities and dissimilarities of the plot, characters, as well as scenes, details and portrayals that suddenly highlight the connection. Dostoevsky could see Dickens’ creations in his mind almost as if they were alive: that visual synthesis, derived from Dickens’ books, a concentration of his poetry, and an extract of his ideas — all that the genius of an artist selected, transformed and compressed down to a few lines. Artistic reformatting of plot-related material, substitution of individual scenes with generalised images of Dickens associations in Dostoevsky’s mind and how the latter projected those on Russian reality, Russian problems and his own insights and contemplations — all of this makes this study stand out in the sea of comparative analyses.
FEATURES OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT USING SCIENTIFIC METHODS OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: PLYASKINA А.I. , PIGOL K.V.
Published: March 2022

Topicality. One of the modern features is the growth of economic interdependence of countries in the context of globalization and diversification of commodity, financial, investment and other markets. This trend determines the specifics and features of the development of foreign economic activity, which plays a crucial role in strengthening international integration processes. In the researched scientific works considerable attention is paid to the organization of foreign economic activity, research of aspects of efficiency of management of foreign economic activity.Aim and tasks. In view of this, the main purpose of the study is to systematize approaches to determining the financial management of foreign economic activity and outlining its own vision for the realities of the domestic economy.Research results. Financial management as a system of principles, means and forms of organization of monetary relations of the enterprise, aimed at managing its financial and economic activities, which include: development and implementation of financial policy of the enterprise; information support; evaluation of investment projects and formation of a "portfolio" of investments; current financial planning and control. Evaluation of investment efficiency is central to the process of justification and selection of possible options for investing in investment projects, and therefore is the key to successful investment activities. Among these tools the author singles out: financial planning of financial flows; purchase and sale of currencies to service various transactions; purchase and sale of shares and other securities on international financial markets; operating with own securities in foreign markets; currency risk management. In the scientific literature we also emphasize the concept of international financial management, which is interpreted as a system of economic decisions arising from the implementation of financial management in the internationalization of economic activity of the firm. In our opinion, the proposed definition is too narrow for the concept of international financial management, but it can be used to define the concept of financial management of foreign economic activity. Thus, the concept of financial management of foreign economic activity combines three categories, namely finance, management and foreign economic activity.Conclusion. Management of investment attractiveness of domestic enterprises is based on the analysis of indicators of financial condition, while effective management of financial activity of the enterprise is provided by realization of the basic principles of financial management as a component of the general management of the enterprise. Our study is determined by sound recommendations and suggestions for improving modern methods and introducing more modern approaches to improving the efficiency of enterprise management in the international arena.
INVESTMENT IMPULSE FOR WORLD ECONOMY INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: RYBCHUK A.V. , ANTOFII N.M. , FEDOROVA N.Ye.
Published: March 2022

Topicality. The urgency of the problem is due to the need for development, expansion and modernization of international infrastructure, which depends on the amount of investment generated from different sources. Infrastructure can be an important factor in shaping aggregate demand. Large infrastructure projects are usually accompanied by massive investments in construction, and later in the repair and reconstruction of various facilities, causing demand for products of related industries (metallurgy, production of building materials and structures, chemical industry, services).
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical, methodological provisions and practical proposals that should justify the objective need to form the investment potential of the global production infrastructure. Prove that the development of a scientifically sound investment strategy at both national and international levels makes it possible to establish certain relationships between different sources of funding for infrastructure projects.
Research results. It was found that first, investments in infrastructure are used in two ways - to repair and maintain existing infrastructure, and secondly, to build new facilities. In different countries this ratio is different. Second, many countries underfund national infrastructure development due to a lack of government resources. Studies show that while maintaining the current rate of infrastructure spending in many countries around the world in the next two decades, there will be a significant shortage of long-term investment resources needed annually for sufficient and balanced reproduction of relevant infrastructure. Third, foreign experience in building investment potential indicates the use of promising forms of cooperation between the state and the private sector. Regardless of whether the private or public sector makes infrastructure investments, one of the key factors is the sources of their financing, which can have a decisive (including negative) impact on macroeconomic development indicators.
Conclusion. Infrastructure investments are considered to be the most important tool for shaping global projects, creating conditions for economic development and new jobs. The changes taking place in the infrastructure sectors are reflected in the technologies of foreign economic operations, leading to the transformation of the most important subsystems of the world economy. The development of the processes of internationalization and globalization requires the improvement of existing and the emergence of new elements of infrastructure that meet the growing diverse needs of the subjects of world economic relations. Therefore, attracting investment in infrastructure is an impetus, an ideal way to redistribute resources and labor from stagnant sectors of the economy in the industry, able to ensure long-term economic growth.
Giant Brain Abscess in A Pediatric Patient with Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Setia Utama Aji , Arifin Parenrengi Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Cerebral abscesses, or brain abscesses, are a severe condition, can be fatal, and have a high mortality and morbidity rate; especially in children with congenital heart disease. Herein, we report on a 5-year old girl, who developed a giant brain abscess with congenital heart disease; however, regrettably, the patient died 24 hours after her operation. Brain abscesses are still a major consequence of cyanotic congenital heart disease. The development of radiological imaging; especially, computed tomography scans, and continuous updates on antibiotic therapy and minor invasive surgery have decreased the mortality rate; however, it still remains quite high. Brain abscesses in congenital heart disease have many pitfalls, and require a multidisciplinary approach as well as careful preoperative planning to achieve the desired outcome.
Ochrona prawnoautorska oznaczenia towarów i usług, czyli o dylemacie rejestracji znaku towarowego
Authors: Lewandowska Ewa
Published: March 2022

W literaturze przedmiotu brakuje opracowań omawiających występujące wobec rejestracji znaków towarowych alternatywy ochrony oznaczeń towarów i usług. Wobec tego w pracy dokonano analizy oznaczenia towarów, jego ochrony i korzyści z jego używania na podstawie przepisów prawa autorskiego. Podjęte rozważania mają na celu ukazanie różnic mogących przemawiać za potrzebą rejestracji oznaczenia towarów w Urzędzie Patentowym Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej lub brakiem takiej potrzeby. W konkluzji stwierdzono, że oznaczenie towarów może być dostatecznie chronione przez zapisy ustawy PrAut, za czym przemawiają takie argumenty jak: wyłączność na wszelkie formy korzystania z chronionego oznaczenia, zbywalność autorskich praw majątkowych, zakres przysługujących uprawnionemu roszczeń, przewidywany czas ochrony, jej odformalizowanie i nieodpłatność. Podkreślono jednak, że największą trudnością w dochodzeniu ochrony na podstawie PrAut może być podstawowa jej przesłanka, a mianowicie wykazanie, że oznaczenie towarów jest utworem w rozumieniu PrAut.
Nowelizacja procedury cywilnej z dnia 4 lipca 2019 r. – problemy praktyczne
Authors: Rzewuski Maciej
Published: March 2022

Przedmiotem opracowania jest próba oceny wybranych rozwiązań prawnych wprowadzonych mocą największej w ostatnich latach nowelizacji polskiego postępowania cywilnego. Próba ta została poprzedzona zasygnalizowaniem poszczególnych wątpliwości i problemów, z jakimi przyszło zmierzyć się sądom cywilnym stosującym zmienione prawo na co dzień. Rozważania teoretyczne wzbogacono stanowiskiem judykatury oraz konkretnymi postulatami de lege ferenda.
Uprawnienia procesowe powiatowego (miejskiego) rzecznika konsumentów w postępowaniu w sprawach o wykroczenia – wybrane zagadnienia praktyczne na gruncie wykroczenia z art. 114 ust. 1 ustawy z dnia 16 lutego 2007 r. o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów
Authors: Małolepszy Amadeusz , Mlostoń-Olszewska Anna
Published: March 2022

Powiatowy (miejski) rzecznik konsumentów w postępowaniu w sprawach o wykroczenia może występować w charakterze oskarżyciela publicznego wnoszącego i popierającego wniosek o ukaranie w sprawach o wykroczenia na szkodę konsumentów. W pewnych układach procesowych status i uprawnienia powiatowego (miejskiego) rzecznika konsumentów są jednak niejednolicie traktowane w praktyce. Dzieje się tak przede wszystkim na gruncie wykroczenia z art. 114 ust. 1 u.o.k.k. polegającego na naruszeniu obowiązku udzielenia rzecznikowi konsumentów wyjaśnień i informacji będących przedmiotem wystąpienia rzecznika lub obowiązku ustosunkowania się do uwag i opinii rzecznika.
Legalność aktów prawa miejscowego, ograniczających możliwość wykonywania działalności cyrkowej z wykorzystaniem zwierząt
Authors: Lubeńczuk Grzegorz
Published: March 2022

Artykuł ma charakter naukowo-badawczy. Jego celem jest ocena dopuszczalności stosowanych przez władze lokalne w Polsce rozwiązań, mających na celu ograniczenie możliwości organizowania przedstawień cyrkowych z udzia-łem zwierząt w kontekście przepisów ustawowych, które jednoznacznie wskazują na możliwość legalnego wykonywania takiej działalności, a także przepisów Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 r. i przepisów ustawy z dnia 6 marca 2018 r. Prawo przedsiębiorców, które wyrażają zasadę wolności gospodarczej oraz gwarantują prawo do podejmowaniai wykonywania działalności gospodarczej na równych prawach. Podstawą tej oceny jest analiza aktów wydawanych przez organy jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w celu ograniczenia możliwości organizowania przedstawień cyrkowych z udziałem zwierząt w oparciu o dorobek polskich sądów administracyjnych rozpatrujących skargi wnoszone przez przedsiębiorców wykonujących działalność cyrkową. Analiza ta pozwoliła na określenie zakresu możliwych działań organów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego oraz sformułowania wniosków dotyczących potrzeby wprowadzenia zakazu  wykorzystywania zwierząt w działalności cyrkowej. Artykuł ma charakter ma naukowo-badawczy. Jego celem jest ocena dopuszczalności stosowanych przez władze lokalne w Polsce rozwiązań mających na celu ograniczenie możliwości organizowania przedstawień cyrkowych z udziałem zwierząt w kontekście przepisów ustawowych, które jednoznacznie wskazują na możliwość legalnego wykonywania takiej działalności, a także przepisów Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 r. i przepisów ustawy z dnia 6 marca 2018 r. Prawo przedsiębiorców, które wyrażają zasadę wolności gospodarczej oraz gwarantują prawo do podejmowania i wykonywania działalności gospodarczej na równych prawach. Podstawą tej oceny jest analiza aktów wydawanych przez organy jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w celu ograniczenia możliwości organizowania przedstawień cyrkowych z udziałem zwierząt w oparciu o dorobek polskich sądów administracyjnych rozpatrujących skargi wnoszone przez przedsiębiorców wykonujących działalność cyrkową. Analiza ta pozwoliła na określenie zakresu możliwych działań organów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego oraz sformułowania wniosków dotyczących potrzeby wprowadzenia zakazu wykorzystywania zwierząt w działalności cyrkowej.
Aktualna sytuacja prawna mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem praw w dziedzinie oświaty
Authors: Kurzyna-Chmiel Danuta
Published: March 2022

Artykuł przedstawia aktualny status prawny mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na prawa w dziedzinie oświaty, które w istotnym stopniu gwarantują możliwość zachowania własnej tożsamości.  Dokonano także przeglądu poglądów doktryny w omawianym zakresie. Prezentacja i analiza głównych przepisów prawa międzynarodowego i krajowego ukazuje liczne przywileje służące podtrzymaniu własnej tożsamości, tradycji, obyczajów, religii, kultury i języka tych grup. Szerzej przedstawiono regulacje prawne dotyczące języka mniejszości i języka regionalnego. Szczególne miejsce zajmuje analiza praw oświatowych mniejszości realizowanych w szkołach i przedszkolach publicznych.
Kontrowersyjne nowe technologie w kryminalistyce
Authors: Juszka Kazimiera , Dziedzic Karolina
Published: March 2022

Celem artykułu jest analiza orzecznictwa, ustawodawstwa oraz literatury przedmiotu w zakresie wybranych nowych technologii oraz identyfikacja zagrożeń, wyzwań i korzyści związanych z wprowadzaniem nowych metod do praktyki. Zwolennicy podkreślają konieczność dostarczania organom ścigania nowych, efektywnych sposobów walki z przestępczością w celu przyśpieszenia i ułatwienia postępowania, a tym samym wzrostu poziomu wykrywalności. Najczęściej pojawiającymi się zarzutami są możliwe nadużycia, naruszenie prawa do prywatności i prawa do niewiedzy, niedokładność i zawodność wyników, dyskryminacja, brak reguł określających przetwarzanie i przechowywanie danych. Mając na uwadze, iż sztuczna inteligencja może w przyszłości stać się stałym elementem ekosystemu sądownictwa karnego, istnieje konieczność opracowania ram prawnych i etycznych wykorzystywania nowych technologii na potrzeby procesu karnego.
Zabójstwo eutanatyczne w polskim i austriackim prawie karnym – rozważania komparatystyczne
Authors: Borkowska Katarzyna
Published: March 2022

Wydłużająca się średnia długość życia, stale rosnąca ilość chorób nowotworowych oraz postęp w dziedzinie medycyny powoduje wzrost liczby pacjentów terminalnie chorych. To z kolei stanowi przyczynek do dyskusji na temat eutanazji oraz prawnokarnej reakcji na to zjawisko. Ustawodawca staje przed koniecznością stworzenia regulacji, która z jednej strony ochroni życie ludzkie jako najwyższe dobro strzeżone prawem, a z drugiej umożliwi godne i spokojne odejście osobom cierpiącym. Sposób ukształtowania odpowiedzialności karnej za zabójstwo eutanatyczne może być różny. Przedmiot artykułu stanowi prawnoporównawcze opracowanie dedykowane zabójstwu eutanatycznemu w Polsce i w Austrii. Za cel badań przyjęto ukazanie zbieżności oraz odrębności między unormowaniami. W opracowaniu przeanalizowano znamiona przestępstwa zabójstwa eutanatycznego zawarte w przepisach kodeksów karnych obu państw, ze szczegółowym opisaniem podmiotu, strony podmiotowej, przedmiotu oraz strony przedmiotowej przestępstwa. Odniesiono się także do ustawowego zagrożenia karą oraz przytoczono dane statystyczne obrazujące skalę zjawiska. Następnie dokonano porównania polskiej i austriackiej regulacji, akcentując podobieństwa i różnice. Najważniejsze wnioski wypływające z pracy są takie, że przepis penalizujący zabójstwo eutanatyczne w Polsce i w Austrii wykazuje zarówno cechy wspólne, jak też odmienne, oraz że ilość postępowań przygotowawczych prowadzonych w kierunku zabójstwa eutanatycznego w obu państwach jest marginalna, co nasuwa pytania o aktualność regulacji wobec potrzeb współczesności. Przeprowadzone rozważania zostały oparte zarówno na poglądach doktryny, jak też orzecznictwa. Prz
Liberalism, Pluralism and the Sphere Division in Harold Laski
Authors: Gerson Gal
Published: March 2022

While aligned with John Neville Figgis’ pluralism and Marxist socialism, Harold Laski endorsed liberal and democratic values. However, he synthesised several elements from older liberal theories in a way that diluted the division to which these theories had adhered, namely that between the private and the political spheres. The resulting combination preserves privacy’s status as the realm where individuals are free to pursue their separate ends, but enables essentially private activities based in voluntary social spaces to infuse the space of politics. From this emerged a vision of liberal democracy, in which freedom plays out in multiple private spaces that do not require an autonomous civic arena to complement them. The combination was reached within the contexts of mid-century thinking about the welfare state and a broader project of reformulating democracy by reducing its equation with representation.
The Artistry of Critical Thought
Authors: Dube Siphiwe I.
Published: March 2022

This article provides an analysis of the way in which contemporary forms of intelligence discourse (Jean Baudrillard), in similar fashion to political art (Theodor Adorno and Herbert Marcuse), function by delimiting critical thought. The intelligence discourse critiqued is extolled through things such as progressive intelligence acquisition (Flynn effect) and the supposed indispensability of Democratic reason (Hélène Landemore), amongst other qualities. In support of its argument, the article focusses specifically on Baudrillard’s analysis of the notion of the intelligence of evil, as well as on the Frankfurt School’s critique of massification. However, the article also notes limitations in these thinkers’ recovery and defence of critical thought in response to the delimitation posed by intelligence and massification, and argues for Rosi Braidotti’s evaluation of thought as nomadic as a necessary corrective.
Freedom of scientific creativity
Authors: Kudryavtsev Vladimir N.
Published: March 2022

In the article, the author considers the scientific work of a scientist as a complex multifaceted phenomenon aimed at expanding human knowledge of the world. High achievements in science, which have the criteria of value and novelty, are possible due to the creation of a comfortable environment for the researcher, including access to information resources, technologies, a friendly atmosphere in research teams, qualified personnel, and external funding.
The author highlights the main historical stages in the development of the scientific worldview, including periods of “withering away of law”, party and ideological attitudes, the impact of which had a negative impact on the freedom of scientific creativity of scientists in our country. Formulated the prerequisites and conditions for ensuring the freedom of scientific creativity, which can be achieved not only due to the personal abilities of a scientist, but also by highlighting new areas of research in the field of human rights, Economic Law, and modern methods of organizing the work of scientific teams.
The participation of scientists in the fulfillment of state orders, in particular the work on the text of the Constitution of 1977, testified not only to the unification of the efforts of the state and science aimed at the development of the country, but was of particular importance for the manifestation of the scientific potential of scientists.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation is the legal basis for the integration of Russian society
Authors: Zorkin Valery D.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the role of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the creation and maintenance of the constitutional and legal basis for the integration of Russian society. The role of the Constitution as the most important factor in ensuring the socio-political stability and integrity of the Russian state during the country’s transition from socialism to democratic and legal development, as well as its enormous importance for the present and future of Russia. In contrast to the constantly sounding proposals for fundamental constitutional reform, the necessity and possibility of developing the great legal potential laid down in the constitutional text is justified. The author focuses on the problems that create the greatest social tension, as well as legal ways to remove this tension related to the protection of social rights of citizens, overcoming corruption, strengthening the constitutional and legal identity of Russians, the development of legal awareness of both the General population and the ruling elite.
Improvement of civil legislation
Authors: Tolstoy Yuri K.
Published: March 2022

The current problems of various spheres of civil legislation, both in legislation and in the application of norms, developed after the general codification of the civil legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics of 1961 - 1964, including after the well-known decisions of the governing bodies on economic reform, are considered. It is noted that there is a need to take a fresh look at the relationship between the plan and the contract; the need to eliminate the so-called initial gap in civil legislation; the need to resolve the issue of responsibility for guilt or regardless of guilt; the unresolved issue of the property responsibility of the bodies of inquiry, preliminary investigation, prosecutor's office and court; individual – specific – shortcomings of the Foundations of the civil legislation of the USSR and the civil codes of some Union republics are called. It is proposed to develop the exchange of experience in rule-making and norm-applying activities in the field of civil legislation between the Union republics, which will eliminate unjustified “inconsistency” in the civil codes of the Union republics caused by defects in legal technology. Other proposals are also being made.
Drilling of CFRP/Ti Stacks in Wet and Cryogenic Condition
Authors: Umberto Prisco
Published: March 2022

This paper studies the effects of cryogenic liquid nitrogen compared with conventional wet coolant in drilling of CFRP/Ti using diamond-like carbon coated solid carbide tools. The experimental investigation was carried out taking into account the influence of main process parameters and adopting different strategies in the two different materials. The influence of the two different cooling conditions on tool wear was investigated through the comparison of the thrust force and torque; the effect on the hole quality was analysed through the measurements of burr height and diameters. The use of a cryogenic coolant results in both lower thrust force and torque but in a slightly poorer quality of the holes.
Thermal Modeling and Performance Analysis of U-Tube Evacuated Solar Collector using CO2
Authors: Onder Kizilkan  , Hiroshi Yamaguchi
Published: March 2022

This study deals with the thermal modeling of U-tube evacuated solar collectors to investigate the heat transfer and performance characteristics. The U-tube evacuated solar collectors are integrated into solar-assisted new generation experimental organic Rankine cycle working with environmentally friendly supercritical CO2. For the modeling, one-dimensional heat transfer analysis is applied to the U-tube collectors for determining the heat transfer characteristics of the collectors as well as the CO2 exit temperature from the collectors for the steady heat transfer process. Additionally, heat loss coefficient and overall heat transfer coefficients are determined for the experimental U-tube collectors. The obtained results are also compared with the results of the experimental study.
Maximum Power Point Tracking of a Network-Connected Photovoltaic System Based on Gravity Search Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic Controller
Authors: M. Hossein Mehraban Jahromi  , Hossein Dehghani Tafti  , S. Mehdi Hosseini  , Ahvand Jalali  , Mehran Keivanimehr
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a novel hybrid approach based on fuzzy logic controller and gravity search algorithm to track the global maximum power point of a network-connected photovoltaic system in partially shaded conditions. One of the most critical issues in this context, which has been neglected in previous studies, is the consideration of speed and accuracy at the same time. Hence, this paper uses a boost converter with a fuzzy logic controller to increase the model's accuracy. Also, the speed of the method is increased by utilizing the gravity search algorithm. Finally, maximum power is subjected to a power network via a three-phase multi-level inverter. Simulation results show the proposed method's performance and accuracy in tracking the PV system's maximum power point with high-speed responses in partial and variable shadow conditions.
Residual Normal and Shear Stresses on Different Machining-Finished Surfaces of Martensitic Ultrahigh Strength Steel
Authors: Quanshun Luo  , Yubi Gao  , Yutian Ding
Published: March 2022

Machining induced residual stresses are known to have influenced mechanical properties of high strength metallic alloys. In this paper, we have compared the surface residual stresses of an ultrahigh strength martensitic/bainitic steel grade 56NiCrMoV7 induced by two different machining processes, namely turning and milling. Using the established d~sin2ψ method, x-ray diffraction technique was employed to measure the residual stresses on both the axial and hoop directions of cylindrical samples. The results reveal that, turning finish led to tensile residual stress in the axial direction and compressive residual stress in the hoop direction. On the other hand, milling finish led to compressive residual stresses in both the axial and hoop directions. In addition, large splitting in the d~sin2ψ linear regressions has been interpreted by the presence of residual shear stresses.
Influence of the Base Element on the Thermal Properties of Non- Ferrous Chromium-Rich TaC-Containing Alloys Elaborated by Conventional Casting: Part 2: Thermogravimetric and Metallographic Study of the Oxidation Start and of the Oxide Scale Spallation
Authors: Patrice Berthod  , Lionel Aranda  , Ghouti Medjahdi  , Jean-Paul K. Gomis
Published: March 2022

After a first part devoted to the study of several thermal chemical and mechanical characteristics of the six (xCo-yNi, bal.)-25Cr-0.4C-6Ta alloys, this second part of their study deals with the oxidation behaviour of these alloys in presence of heating or of cooling. The heating and cooling parts of thermogravimetry files of oxidation tests of which the isothermal parts were earlier studied, were analysed by plotting mass variation versus temperature. During heating the oxidation starts and a first mass gain is achieved prior to the isothermal stage. They are slightly influenced by the Co/Ni ratio. During the cooling oxide scale spallation happens for all alloys. For the nickel-richest alloys this phenomenon takes place for a temperature less decreased in comparison to the cobalt-based alloys. The fall in mass due to the loss of oxides by spallation seems a little higher for the nickel-richest alloys than that for the cobalt-richest ones. More than to differences in thermal expansion coefficient, this difference may be linked to the oxidation-induced mass gain achieved prior to spallation start, which is higher for the cobalt-richest alloys than for the nickel-richest ones.
Un derecho absoluto: análisis del derecho a la vida en el caso de las transfusiones sanguíneas
Authors: Sandoval Ayala Sebastián
Published: March 2022

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar el conflicto existente entre el derecho a la vida y las libertades religiosas en la jurisprudencia, a propósito del rechazo a ciertos procedimientos médicos como las transfusiones de sangre. Luego de reconstruir la postura mayoritaria, cuestionaré dos de sus fundamentos esenciales: que el derecho a la vida es un derecho absoluto y que se trata de un derecho indisponible.
Bluebirds and Other Cavity-Nesting Birds: Leader’s Guide
Authors: Rodriguez Loretta , Jordan Joy , Hostetler Mark E. , Packard Christina , Kochert Jessica
Published: March 2022

4HWLL30, a 40-page illustrated guide by Loretta Rodriguez, Jessica Kochert, Joy Jordan, Christina Packard, and Mark Hostetler, provides group leaders additional information and group activities to support a bluebird project (4HWLM20). The guide includes ready-to-use skill-a-thon resource materials and facilitator tips for each activity. Includes references. Published by the Florida 4-H Youth Development Program, January 2010.
4HWLL30/4H289: Bluebirds and Other Cavity-Nesting Birds: Leader's Guide (ufl.edu)
Mile-a-minute (Mikania micrantha): A New Weed in South Florida
Authors: Sellers Brent , Langeland Ken
Published: March 2022

SS-AGR-328, a 2-page illustrated fact sheet by Brent Sellers and Ken Langeland, describes this new weed, a highly branched perennial vine, reported in late 2009 near Homestead FL, and how to identify it and what to do if you find it. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, January 2010.
SS-AGR-328/AG338: Mile-A-Minute (Mikania micrantha): A New Weed in South Florida (ufl.edu)
Total Protein Requirement of Beef Cattle II: Protein Components
Authors: Hersom Matt , Carter Jeffrey N.
Published: March 2022

Revised! AN168, a 3-page fact sheet by Matt Hersom and Jeffrey N. Carter, provides information on protein components and the qualitative differences in the value of the protein in various feedstuffs. Published by the UF Department of Animal Sciences, April 2010.
AN168/AN168: Total Protein Requirement of Beef Cattle II: Protein Components (ufl.edu)
Basic Nutritional Guidelines for Equine Management
Authors: Johnson Edward L. , Duberstein Kylee J.
Published: March 2022

AN235, a 4-page fact sheet by Edward L. Johnson and Kylee J. Duberstein, lists 25 key points to keep in mind when determining how to meet one’s horse’s nutritional requirements. Published by the UF Department of Animal Science, March 2010.
Sustainable Landscape Construction: Materials and Products — Life Cycle Assessments
Authors: Hansen Gail
Published: March 2022

ENH1141, a 1-page fact sheet by Gail Hansen, highlights landscape construction practices that take into account sustainability at all stages of a material’s life cycle. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, October 2009.