bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relativistic effects on the aromaticity of E3M3H3 (E = C–Pb; M = N–Bi) benzene analogues
Authors: Pino-Rios Ricardo , Vásquez-Espinal Alejandro , Alvarez-Thon Luis , Tiznado William
Published: October 2020

The relativistic effects on the aromaticity of a set of benzene analogues, E3M3H3 (E = C–Pb; M = N–Bi) heterocycles, using magnetically induced current density (MICD) and the NICSzz component of the conventional nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS), is hereby examined.
Yellow-to-brown and yellow-to-green electrochromic devices based on complexes of transition metal ions with a triphenylamine-based ligand
Authors: Banasz Radosław , Kubicki Maciej , Wałęsa-Chorab Monika
Published: October 2020

The combination of the electrochromic properties of transition metal complexes and ligand molecules led to preparation of materials exhibiting transmissive-to-colored switching.
Highly selective electrocatalytic oxidation of benzyl C–H using water as safe and sustainable oxygen source
Authors: Sun Yuxia , Li Xiaoshan , Yang Miao , Xu Wentao , Xie Jin , Ding Mengning
Published: October 2020

H2O serves as a safe oxygen source in the electrocatalytic oxidation of benzyl C–H, with significantly improved overpotential and faradaic efficiency on layered MnO2 catalysts.
The Hofmann reaction involving annulation of o-(pyridin-2-yl)aryl amides selectively and rapidly leads to potential photocatalytically active 6H-pyrido[1,2-c]quinazolin-6-one derivatives
Authors: Gao Wenjing , Wan Yameng , Zhang Zhiguo , Wu Hao , Liu Tongxin , Zhang Guisheng
Published: October 2020

An intramolecular Hofmann reaction leads to diverse photocatalytically active 6H-pyrido[1,2-c] quinazolin-6-one derivatives with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, excellent yields, broad substrate scope and high FG tolerance.
Molecular gold strings: aurophilicity, luminescence and structure–property correlations
Authors: Seifert Tim P. , Naina Vanitha R. , Feuerstein Thomas J. , Knöfel Nicolai D. , Roesky Peter W.
Published: October 2020

Different external stimuli can affect the molecular structure of molecular gold strings, influencing their physical properties.
A supramolecular copolymer based on small molecules, used for a multifunctional adhesive and rapid hemostasis
Authors: Chen Junying , Guo Dawei , Liang Shihao , Liu Zuozhen
Published: October 2020

A multifunctional supramolecular adhesive synthesized using a natural small molecule monomer thioctic acid.
Well-ordered Cs–Ru/@SBA-15 nanocomposite materials for low pressure ammonia synthesis
Authors: Chen Shih-Yuan , Nishi Masayasu , Chang Albert , Hsiao Wei-Chih , Mochizuki Takehisa , Takagi Hideyuki , Yang Chia-Min
Published: October 2020

An active and durable Ru-based catalyst using an inert support such as SBA-15 for low pressure ammonia synthesis can be prepared, where the Cs-promoted Ru active sites are delicately built in the nanospace.
Coupled‐line proximity‐coupled microstrip linear array antenna for millimetre‐wave applications
Authors: Diawuo Henry Abu , Anim Kyei , Jung Young‐Bae
Published: October 2020

A novel low‐cost, millimetre‐wave antenna has been presented in this communication. The proposed antenna is a proximity‐coupled linear array with coupled feedlines to achieve wideband characteristics. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is achieved and proves that the proposed antenna structure is capable of attaining over twice the bandwidth with the coupled lines than that attained with a single microstrip feedline while achieving lower sidelobe levels. The antenna has a gain of about 15.0 dBi with an half‐power beam width of 12° ± 2° over a frequency range of 27.25–29.25 GHz. It also exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 19.6% from 24.48 to 29.8 GHz.
Ka band microstrip fed slot array antenna with PMC packaging
Authors: Sánchez‐Cabello Carlos , Herrán Luis Fernando , Zaman Ashraf Uz , Rajo‐Iglesias Eva
Published: October 2020

A wideband slot array antenna fed by perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) packaged microstrip lines at 28 GHz frequency range is presented. The slot array is designed with conventional microstrip technology and a PMC layer is used as a packaging solution to stop surface waves, cavity modes or any unwanted field leakage, coupling or radiation from the feeding lines. The PMC is implemented with a periodic metal pin structure. The array is fed by a corporate feed system and a good agreement with experimental results is obtained.
WISE J044232.92+322734.9: A star-forming galaxy at redshift 1.1 seen through a Galactic dust clump?
Authors: Miettinen O.
Published: October 2020

Context. Physically unassociated background or foreground objects seen towards submillimetre sources are potential contaminants of both the studies of young stellar objects embedded in Galactic dust clumps and multiwavelength counterparts of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs).

Aims. We aim to search for and characterise the properties of a potential extragalactic object seen in projection towards a Galactic dust clump.

Methods. We employed the near-infrared (3.4 μm and 4.6 μm) and mid-infrared (12 μm and 22 μm) data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the submillimetre data from the Planck satellite.

Results. We uncovered a source, namely the WISE source J044232.92+322734.9 (hereafter J044232.92), which is detected in the W1–W3 bands of WISE, but undetected at 22 μm (W4), and whose WISE infrared (IR) colours suggest that it is a star-forming galaxy (SFG). This source is seen in projection towards the Planck-detected dust clump PGCC G169.20-8.96, which likely belongs to the Taurus-Auriga cloud complex, at a distance of 140 pc. We used the MAGPHYS+photo-z spectral energy distribution (SED) code to derive the photometric redshift and physical properties of J044232.92. The redshift was derived to be zphot = 1.132−0.165+0.280, while, for example, the stellar mass, IR (8–1000 μm) luminosity, and star formation rate were derived to be M⋆ = 4.6−2.5+4.7 × 1011 M⊙, LIR = 2.8−1.5+5.7 × 1012 L⊙, and SFR = 191−146+580 M⊙ yr−1 (or 281−155+569 M⊙ yr−1 when estimated from the IR luminosity). The derived value of LIR suggests that J044232.92 could be an ultraluminous IR galaxy, and we found that it is consistent with a main sequence SFG at a redshift of 1.132.

Conclusions. The estimated physical properties of J044232.92 are comparable to those of SMGs, except that the derived stellar mass of J044232.92 appears somewhat higher (by a factor of 4–5) than the average stellar masses of SMGs. However, the stellar mass difference could just reflect the poorly sampled SED in the ultraviolet, optical, and near-IR regimes. Indeed, the SED of J044232.92 could not be well constrained using the currently available data (WISE only), and hence the derived redshift of the source and its physical properties should be taken as preliminary estimates. Further observations, in particular high-resolution (sub-)millimetre and radio continuum imaging, are needed to better constrain the redshift and physical properties of J044232.92 and to see if the source really is a galaxy seen through a Galactic dust clump, in particular an SMG population member at z ∼ 1.1.
Acoustic wave propagation through solar granulation: Validity of effective-medium theories, coda waves
Authors: Poulier P.-L. , Fournier D. , Gizon L. , Duvall T. L.
Published: October 2020

Context. The frequencies, lifetimes, and eigenfunctions of solar acoustic waves are affected by turbulent convection, which is random in space and in time. Since the correlation time of solar granulation and the periods of acoustic waves (∼5 min) are similar, the medium in which the waves propagate cannot a priori be assumed to be time independent.

Aims. We compare various effective-medium solutions with numerical solutions in order to identify the approximations that can be used in helioseismology. For the sake of simplicity, the medium is one dimensional.

Methods. We consider the Keller approximation, the second-order Born approximation, and spatial homogenization to obtain theoretical values for the effective wave speed and attenuation (averaged over the realizations of the medium). Numerically, we computed the first and second statistical moments of the wave field over many thousands of realizations of the medium (finite-amplitude sound-speed perturbations are limited to a 30 Mm band and have a zero mean).

Results. The effective wave speed is reduced for both the theories and the simulations. The attenuation of the coherent wave field and the wave speed are best described by the Keller theory. The numerical simulations reveal the presence of coda waves, trailing the ballistic wave packet. These late arrival waves are due to multiple scattering and are easily seen in the second moment of the wave field.

Conclusions. We find that the effective wave speed can be calculated, numerically and theoretically, using a single snapshot of the random medium (frozen medium); however, the attenuation is underestimated in the frozen medium compared to the time-dependent medium. Multiple scattering cannot be ignored when modeling acoustic wave propagation through solar granulation.
Studying of the resistance to winter stresses of grapevine varieties of different ecological and geographical origin
Authors: Nenko Nataliya , Ilina Irina , Zaporozhets Natalia , Kiseleva Galina , Skhalyakho Tatiana
Published: October 2020

In terms of climate change researches about adaptation mechanism of perennial crop plant to summer and winter stresses are actual. Physiological-biochemical assessment of grapevine varieties allows to clarify the mechanisms of protective and adaptive reaction on stresses and identify perspective genotypes for cultivation in stressful terms. Ecological and geographical origin are important in this case. Winterhardiness of following grapevine varieties: ‘Kristal’, ‘Aligote’, ‘Dostoyniy’ ‘Krasnostop AZOS’, ‘Zarif’ and ‘Vostorg’, are studied in conditions of Anapa-Taman region of the Russian Federation. At the beginning of winter reduced water content of vine tissue are noted for ‘Kristal’, ‘Krasnostop AZOS’ and ‘Dostoyniy’ (41,4-45,3 %). Also, for this varieties are found elevated accumulation of sucrose (2 times more) which means high resistance to low temperature. Intensification of antioxidative protective system’s functioning in response on stress are discovered for varieties ‘Kristal’, ‘Krasnostop AZOS’, ‘Dostoyniy’ and ‘Vostorg’. High containing of anthocyanins and chalcones in varieties ‘Kristal’, ‘Dostoyniy’, ‘Krasnostop AZOS’ and ascorbic acid in varieties ‘Krasnostop AZOS’, ‘Dostoyniy’ are revealed. According to generalized assessment of physiological-biochemical research results in conditions of climate change in Anapa-Taman region of Russia more winterhardiness were varieties ‘Krasnostop AZOS’, ‘Dostoyniy’, ‘Kristal’ than varieties ‘Aligote’, ‘Vostorg’, ‘Zarif’.
Molecular genetic analysis of strawberry genotypes for the FaOMT fruit aroma gene
Authors: Luk’yanchuk Irina
Published: October 2020

The results of the analysis of allelic polymorphism of strawberry varieties and forms for the FAOMT fruit aroma gene were shown. The non-functional allele FaOMT- in the homozygous state was detected in strawberry variety Quicky. Heterozygous genotype (FaOMT+FaOMT-) was identified in the strawberry varieties Feyerverk, Ostara, Polka and Symphony, and selected forms 26-5 and 928-12. The functional allele FaOMT gene (FaOMT+) in the homozygous state (FaOMT+FaOMT+ genotype) was detected in strawberry varieties Borovitskaya, Kubata, Troitskaya, Tsaritsa, Yarkaya, Korona and Vima Kimberly, and selected forms 932-29 and 298-19-9-43, which allows us to be used as valuable initial forms in breeding for fruit aroma.
DNA-marker identification of Rpv3 and Rpv12 resistance loci in genotypes of table and seedless grape varieties
Authors: Ilnitskaya Elena , Makarkina Marina , Tokmakov Sergey , Kotlyar Victoriya
Published: October 2020

DNA markers are widely used in grapevine breeding to create forms with combined resistance genes. Downy mildew is one of the most common fungal diseases of the vine in the world. Growing grapevines with increased resistance allows to reduce the number of chemical treatments. The decrease in the use of pesticides is especially significant for viticulture of table varieties, since berries are directly consumed by humans for food. Currently, more than 20 resistance genes have been identified by molecular methods, and DNA markers for many genes have been developed. The genes Rpv3 (inherited from North American grape species) and Rpv12 (derived from V. amurensis) are among the most effective and have an additive effect. The study of 14 table grape varieties for the presence of the Rpv3 gene and 8 varieties for the presence of the Rpv12 gene was performed by using DNA-marker analysis. The analysis included varieties that could inherit these genes from the parent forms, according to their ancestry. The study was conducted using an automatic genetic analyzer ABI Prism 3130 and special software GeneMapper and PeakScanner, DNA-markers were taken from literature sources. According to the results of DNA-marker analysis, 9 varieties were identified, including 2 seedless varieties, with the Rpv3299-279 allele in the genotypes, which determines resistance to downy mildew, and 3 table varieties with the Rpv12 gene in the genotypes. One table grape genotype was identified with Rpv3 and Rpv12.
Search of effective IRAP markers for sakura genotyping
Authors: Stepanov Ilya , Balapanov Ilnur , Drygina Anna
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is to find and use effective IRAP markers for DNA genotyping of representatives of sakura species (ornamental cherries). The work demonstrates the results of testing ISSR markers on the genotypes of the species P. serrulata. Also, based on the testing data, the selection of effective IRAP markers was carried out. The selected IRAP markers were used in the genetic analysis of 12 sakura genotypes.
Application of bioactive compounds for increasing production of grape planting materials and higher germination of hybrid seeds
Authors: Seget Olga , Avdeenko Irina , Aleynikova Galina , Malih Grigori
Published: October 2020

The paper presents the results of studying biological methods of increasing the yield of planting material for grapes and increasing the germination of hybrid seeds to accelerate the selection process. The impact of bioactive compounds (6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellic acid) in culture medium on production of grape clones during micropropagation stage was studied. Modified culture medium of the A.N. Rebrov’s patent was determined as having the most potential on the first stage of grape explant cultivation. The establishment of grape regenerant plants was up to 80%, depending on the variety. On the second and third passages Rebrov’s culture medium was modified by the addition of 6-benzylaminopurine in the concentration 0.35 mg/l and gibberellic acid in the concentration 0.1 mg/l. The method of prestratification soaking of seedlings seeds in the solutions of gibberellic acid of various concentrations was also studied to accelerate the breeding process. The production of seedlings increased to 91.2% at the concentration of gibberellic acid 0.01% that was higher than control production on 31.2%.
Optimization of living conditions for seedlings of flowering shrubs
Authors: Dogadina Marina , Larionov Maxim , Pravdyuk Peter , Pravdyuk and Alexander
Published: October 2020

A strategically important task of nursery in the modern realities of urban development, perspectivization and greening of landscape design of urban ecosystems, is the cultivation of high-quality planting material of ornamental crops in an optimally short time. Researches on improving seedling production technology have actual and practical importance in solving these problems. Scientifically-based measures, including optimization of soil conditions by applying vermicompost obtained from sewage sludge, buckwheat husk and ash using earthworms from the family Lumbricidae, in combination with buckwheat husk ash, as well as treatment with immunomodulating bioactive substances “Mival-agro”, “Gumi”, “Lignohumate”, allowed to increase plant survival, improve biometric indicators and obtain seedlings of the 1st commercial grade with the possibility of using them for special landings (solitaire, mixborder).
Pathocomplex of root rot of apple tree in nurseries and young orchards of the South of Russia
Authors: Astapchuk Irina , Yakuba Galina , Nasonov Andrei
Published: October 2020

Root rot poses a serious threat to the main fruit crop domestic apple in nurseries and young orchards. Obtaining healthy planting material, free from root pathogens and root rot, is an especially priority task in conditions of intensive production. In the process of analyzing the affected plants from nurseries and young orchards at four sampling points, pathogens of apple root rot from 11 genera were identified and 431 isolates were extracted. The most common causative agents of apple root rot seedlings in the entire studied sample were species of the genus Fusarium spp. Soil micromycetes such as Rhizoctonia spp., Cladosporium spp., Cylinrocarpon spp., and oomycetes from the genus Pythium were rare. The composition and occurrence of species were heterogeneous at different points in the studied region. Phomopsis mali (Schulzer & Sacc.) Died., Cytospora spp., Alternaria alternate (Fr.) Keissl., and Aspergillus niger Tiegh. have been associated with root rot of seedlings and young apple trees.
Ecologization of cultivar adopted technologies for scab protection and nutrition program of an apple tree in orchard and nursery
Authors: Kuzin Andrei , Kashirskaya Natalia , Kochkina Anna
Published: October 2020

Different apple cultivars require a different approach to plant protection and nutrition according to their genotypic features. Currently, due to the relatively large number of cultivars in orchards and nurseries of horticultural farms, this approach is rarely used. Our work aimed to study the effectiveness of various foliar fertilizers and protection products in tank mixtures for the scab suppression and their impact on productivity according to cv’s genotypic features of ’Lobo’ and ’Zhigulevskoye’. The efficiency of protection and nutrition programs was studied in the nursery and orchard circumstances. According to generally accepted methods, we did our research in 2013-2015 in the experimental orchard and nursery of I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre. We determined the biological effectiveness of the plant protection systems used, the development of productivity components (fruitset from free pollination, average fruit weight and yield per tree), the content of primary nutrients in soil, leaves, and fruits. The ecologized system has provided a sufficiently high level of protection, which allows recommending to producers. The introduction of such ecologized protection and nutrition systems that reduce the pesticide load assumes a much higher account of the interaction of apple trees with other plant and animal species and lifeless components of the nursery and orchard ecosystem. The use of an ecologized foliar nutrition system provided a high enough level of plant protection effectiveness, especially when combined with regular soil fertilizer application, and optimizing the mineral composition of leaves and fruits. Biologization of soil nutrition is one of the most critical tasks for preserving soil fertility in intensive horticulture. The soil application of bacterial fertilizers stimulated a significant increase in the average annual growth rate and stem diameters of young apple trees in the nursery and yield in the orchard. However, the highest results were obtained when applying bacteria cultures and artificial fertilizers at a reduced application rate.
Recent Progress in Radical Decarboxylative Functionalizations Enabled by Transition-Metal (Ni, Cu, Fe, Co or Cr) Catalysis
Authors: Liu Yahu A , Liao Xuebin , Chen Hui
Published: October 2020

Aliphatic carboxylic acids are abundant in natural and synthetic sources and are widely used as connection points in many chemical transformations. Radical decarboxylative functionalization promoted by transition-metal catalysis has achieved great success, enabling carboxylic acids to be easily transformed into a wide variety of products. Herein, we highlight the recent advances made on transition-metal (Ni, Cu, Fe, Co or Cr) catalyzed C–X (X = C, N, H, O, B, or Si) bond formation as well as syntheses of ketones, amino acids, alcohols, ethers and difluoromethyl derivatives via radical decarboxylation of carboxylic acids or their derivatives, including, among others, redox-active esters (RAEs), anhydrides, and diacyl peroxides.

1 Introduction

2 Ni-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Functionalizations

3 Cu-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Functionalizations

4 Fe-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Functionalizations

5 Co- and Cr-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Functionalizations

6 Conclusions
Percutaneous Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: Current Status and Future Trends
Authors: Watts Micah M.
Published: October 2020

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a common, safe, and effective method of treating abdominal aortic aneurysms. Traditionally treated via surgical cutdown over the common femoral arteries, many recent studies demonstrate percutaneous access techniques to avoid the surgical cutdown. Developing familiarity with these percutaneous techniques, including risks, complications, adjuncts, and alternative accesses, can help improve the outcomes and availability of EVAR. As these techniques become increasingly common, it is not unlikely that they can be practiced safely in select patients in an outpatient setting.
Evolving Concepts, Management, and Treatment of Type 1 Endoleaks after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Gaffey Ann C. , Damrauer Scott M.
Published: October 2020

Over the past 20 years, there has been tremendous progress in endovascular aneurysm repair techniques and devices. The application of new third- and fourth-generation devices (from 2003 onward) has led to changes in the incidence and management of endoleaks. This comprehensive review aims to outline the most recent concepts with respect to pathophysiology/risk factors and management of Type 1 endoleaks.
Survival Rates for Porcelain Laminate Veneers: A Systematic Review
Authors: AlJazairy Yousra H.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and compare the most up-to-date information available on long-term, medium-term, and short-term survival rates of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) and investigate the homogeneity in current studies or lack of it. An electronic search was performed using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, Science Direct, Wiley, and Scopus databases. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, the main inclusion criteria consisted of research articles published after the year 2000, in vivo studies with a follow-up period of at least 1 year and reporting of the Kaplan–Meier estimated cumulative survival rates. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the modified systematic assessment list consisting of 24 items. Thirty full-text articles were reviewed in detail. A total of 30 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for qualitative synthesis. The remaining 27 publications were retained to discuss the heterogeneity in the current literature and reported longevity of veneer restorations. A conclusive estimation of the longevity of PLVS beyond 20 years is lacking. The availability of evidence in the current literature is limited in terms of sample size and duration of follow-up. However, the majority of studies have concluded that PLVs have high-success rates and predictable patient outcomes. The present literature indicates an increased heterogeneity among research study designs. Researchers should aim for homogeneous study designs that can be included in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Computed Tomography-Based Patient-Specific Instrumentation Loses Accuracy with Significant Varus Preoperative Misalignment
Authors: León-Muñoz Vicente Jesús , López-López Mirian , Lisón-Almagro Alonso José , Martínez-Martínez Francisco , Santonja-Medina Fernando
Published: October 2020

Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) has been introduced to simplify and make total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery more precise, effective, and efficient. We performed this study to determine whether the postoperative coronal alignment is related to preoperative deformity when computed tomography (CT)-based PSI is used for TKA surgery, and how the PSI approach compares with deformity correction obtained with conventional instrumentation. We analyzed pre- and post-operative full length standing hip-knee-ankle (HKA) X-rays of the lower limb in both groups using a convention > 180 degrees for valgus alignment and < 180 degrees for varus alignment. For the PSI group, the mean (± SD) pre-operative HKA angle was 172.09 degrees varus (± 6.69 degrees) with a maximum varus alignment of 21.5 degrees (HKA 158.5) and a maximum valgus alignment of 14.0 degrees. The mean post-operative HKA was 179.43 degrees varus (± 2.32 degrees) with a maximum varus alignment of seven degrees and a maximum valgus alignment of six degrees. There has been a weak correlation among the values of the pre- and post-operative HKA angle. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of postoperative alignment outside the range of 180 ± 3 degrees was significantly higher with a preoperative varus misalignment of 15 degrees or more (aOR: 4.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.35–12.96; p = 0.013). In the control group (conventional instrumentation), this loss of accuracy occurs with preoperative misalignment of 10 degrees. Preoperative misalignment below 15 degrees appears to present minimal influence on postoperative alignment when a CT-based PSI system is used. The CT-based PSI tends to lose accuracy with preoperative varus misalignment over 15 degrees.
Acupuncture in Temporomandibular Disorders Painful Symptomatology: An Evidence-Based Case Report
Authors: Dietrich Lia , Rodrigues Igor Vinícius Santos , Assis Costa Marcelo Dias Moreira de , Carvalho Roberta Furtado , Silva Gisele Rodrigues da
Published: October 2020

Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is complex and multifactorial. Its etiology involves various factors, such as malocclusion, psychological patterns, parafunctional habits, and the temporomandibular joint anatomy. Symptoms include myofascial pain, joint clicking, mouth opening limitation, headaches, earaches, and neck pain, comprising one of the greatest causes of nondental pain. Acupuncture has been used to treat these conditions by acting locally both in muscle relaxation and pain management as well as reaching physical, mental, and emotional balance. The aim of this study is to present a brief literature review reporting the efficacy of acupuncture on TMDs and a case report in which the painful symptomatology of TMD was treated with a systemic protocol, based on scientific evidence and concepts of traditional Chinese medicine. Acupuncture may be a complementary treatment for TMD, and in this case report, it eliminated the patient’s painful symptomatology.
Erster Digitaler Prospitalia Jahreskongress: Gemeinsam neue Wege gehen
Authors: da Silva Toni
Published: October 2020

Der Prospitalia Jahreskongress ist ein fester Bestandteil der Kalender von führenden Vertretern des deutschen Gesundheitswesens. Der normalerweise zu Beginn des Jahres stattfindende Kongress wurde zunächst verschoben, und anschließend in einem komplett neuen, digitalen Format durchgeführt. Ein neuer Weg – aber auch ein erfolgreicher?
What drives the greater or lesser usage of forbearance measures by banks?
Authors: De Vincentiis Paola
Published: October 2020

After the subprime crisis, with the worsening of asset quality all around Europe, a lack of harmonization emerged concerning credit classification, monitoring, provisioning and writing-off in the banking industry. A wave of analysis and new regulations by the Supervising Authorities aimed at highlighting best practices and creating a common standard, in order to enhance transparency and accounting data comparability across the European Union. A point of particular attention concerned the usage of forbearance measures and the classification and provisioning of forborne positions. This paper deep-dives into this issue leveraging on the public dataset disclosed by the European Banking Authority, following the 2018 EU-wide Transparency Exercise. The purpose of this paper is twofold. On one side, we want to gauge the extension of the forbearance measures’ usage among a sample of major European banks and the drivers of this usage. On the other side, we want to analyze which main factors impact on the loan loss provisioning of forborne positions.
Organ-on-a-disc puts a spin on Organ-on-a-chip with centrifugal microfluidics
Authors: Gasparini Allison
Published: October 2020

By combining Organ-on-a-chip technology with centrifugal microfluidics, researchers move microphysiological systems onto Organ-Discs, a technology with a higher throughput.
Photocatalytic performance and mechanism study of high specific area TiO2 combined with g-C3N4
Authors: Song Mu-yao , Sun De-wu , Guan Ren-quan , Li Jia-xin , Zhai Hong-ju , Wang Li-jing , Sun Mao-yu , Kang Jing-wen , Zhang Jun-kai , Zhao Zhao , Li Xiao-hui
Published: October 2020

g-C3N4 coupled with high specific area TiO2 (HSA-TiO2) composite was prepared by a simple solvothermal method, which was easy to operate with low energy consumption. Degradation of methyl orange test results showed that HSA-TiO2 effectively improved the photocatalytic activity effectively. Photoelectrochemical test results indicated that the separation of photo-generated carriers and the charge carrier migration speed of TiO2 were improved after combination with g-C3N4. g-C3N4/HSA-TiO2 showed strong photocatalytic ability. The degree of degradation of methyl orange by 6%-g-C3N4/HSA-TiO2 could reach up to 92.44%. Furthermore, it revealed good cycle performance. The photocatalytic mechanism of g-C3N4/HSA-TiO2 was proposed.
Simulation study of passive rod diffusion in active bath: Nonmonotonic length dependence and abnormal translation-rotation coupling
Authors: Xu Rui-kai , Jiang Hui-jun , Hou Zhong-huai
Published: October 2020

Diffusion of tracer particles in active bath has attracted extensive attention in recent years. So far, most studies have considered isotropic spherical tracer particles, while the diffusion of anisotropic particles has rarely been involved. Here we investigate the diffusion dynamics of a rigid rod tracer in a bath of active particles by using Langevin dynamics simulations in a two-dimensional space. Particular attention is paid to how the translation (rotation) diffusion coefficient DT (DR) change with the length of rod L and active strength Fa. In all cases, we find that rod exhibits superdiffusion behavior in a short time scale and returns to normal diffusion in the long time limit. Both DT and DR increase with Fa, but interestingly, a nonmonotonic dependence of DT (DR) on the rod length has been observed. We have also studied the translation-rotation coupling of rod, and interestingly, a negative translation-rotation coupling is observed, indicating that rod diffuses more slowly in the parallel direction compared to that in the perpendicular direction, a counterintuitive phenomenon that would not exist in an equilibrium counterpart system. Moreover, this anomalous (diffusion) behavior is reentrant with the increase of Fa, suggesting two competitive roles played by the active feature of bath particles.
Film thickness and surface plasmon tune the contribution of SFG signals from buried interface and air surface
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tan Junjun , Pei Quanbing , Ye Shuji
Published: October 2020

Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) is a powerful technique for determining molecular structures at both buried interface and air surface. Distinguishing the contribution of SFG signals from buried interface and air surface is crucial to the applications in devices such as microelectronics and bio-tips. Here we demonstrate that the SFG spectra from buried interface and air surface can be differentiated by controlling the film thickness and employment of surface-plasmon enhancement. Using substrate-supported PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) films as a model, we have visualized the variations in the contribution of SFG signals from buried interface and air surface. By monitoring carbonyl and C-H stretching groups, we found that SFG signals are dominated by the moieties (-CH2, -CH3, -OCH3 and C=O) segregated at the PMMA/air surface for the thin films while they are mainly contributed by the groups (-OCH3 and C=O) at the substrate/PMMA buried interface for the thick films. At the buried interface, the tilt angle of C=O decreases from 65° to 43° as the film preparation concentration increases; in contrast, the angles at the air surface fall in the range from 38° to 21°. Surface plasmon generated by gold nanorods can largely enhance SFG signals, particularly the signals from the buried interface.
Application of cross-beam energy transfer to control drive symmetry in ICF implosions in low gas fill Hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Pickworth L. A. , Döppner T. , Hinkel D. E. , Ralph J. E. , Bachmann B. , Masse L. P. , Divol L. , Benedetti L. R. , Celliers P. M. , Chen H. , Hohenberger M. , Khan S. F. , Landen O. L. , Lemos N. , MacGowan B. J. , Mariscal D. A. , Michel P. A. , Millot M. , Moore A. S. , Park J. , Schneider M. B. , Callahan D. A. , Hurricane O. A.
Published: October 2020

Cross beam energy transfer (CBET), invoked by setting a wavelength difference, Δλ, between inner and outer beam cones, can be used to increase the drive on the waist in indirectly driven inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Historically, hot spot symmetry control in capsule implosions in high (≥0.9 mg/cm3 4He) gas fill Hohlraums was enabled by substantial CBET. However, these implosion designs suffered from inflight symmetry swings, high SRS backscatter on the inner cones, and significant hot electron generation posing a threat to DT fuel preheat. Subsequent experiments in larger, low (≤0.6 mg/cm3 4He) gas fill Hohlraums demonstrated round implosions by varying the inner cone fraction throughout the laser drive at Δλ = 0 Å while keeping backscatter and hot electron generation very low. To enable driving larger capsules at a given Hohlraum size, additional tools for implosion symmetry control are required. With this goal in mind, this paper presents a detailed experimental study of using CBET in low gas fill Hohlraums near NIF's current peak power capability. We find a ∼2.5× higher sensitivity of the P2 Legendre mode with respect to Δλ changes compared to that of high gas fill designs. We attribute this observation to the fact that backscatter remains very low and that CBET remains in a linear regime, as suggested by simulations. As a result, a much smaller Δλ of order 1 Å is sufficient for sustaining implosion symmetry while keeping laser-to-Hohlraum coupling high and hot electron generation very low. While this study used plastic ablator capsules, our findings can be generalized to other ablator materials and, hence, show great promise for using wavelength detuning as a strong lever for implosion symmetry control in future low gas fill designs that require smaller case to capsule ratios in order to increase the energy coupled to the capsule.
High-resolution vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra of 2,3- and 2,5-dihydrofuran
Authors: Röder Anja , de Oliveira Nelson , Grollau Floriane , Mestdagh Jean-Michel , Gallician Guillaume , Gaveau Marc-André , Nahon Laurent , Briant Marc
Published: October 2020

Using a synchrotron-based Fourier-transform spectrometer, the high-resolution absorption spectra of the C1-symmetric 2,3-dihydrofuran (23DHF) and C2v-symmetric 2,5-dihydrofuran (25DHF) have been measured from 5.5 eV to 9.4 eV with an absolute absorption cross section scale. Oscillator strengths and vertical excitation energies of the lowest 18 states have been computed using the average of the second- and third-order algebraic diagrammatic construction polarization propagator method and the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster method at the level of singles and doubles model. These show that the bright valence transitions of ππ*-character are embedded into Rydberg transitions, whose oscillator strengths are at least one order of magnitude lower. To account for intensity borrowing, the first broad valence transition between 5.5 eV and 6.8 eV was simulated using a nuclear ensemble, and the agreement between experiment and theory is excellent. Whereas 23DHF only exhibits one broad valence transition followed by d/f Rydberg series converging to the ionization energy, the absorption spectrum of 25DHF has four bands, attributed to a valence nπσ → π*-transition, nπσ → 3px,z/3dxz transitions, a second valence nπ → π*-transition followed by d/f Rydberg series converging to the ionization energy, respectively. All Rydberg series converging to the ionization energy have been characterized in terms of their quantum defects.
Breaking up-down symmetry with magnetic perturbations in tokamak plasmas: Increase of axisymmetric steady-state velocities
Authors: Oueslati H. , Firpo M.-C.
Published: October 2020

Plasma rotation plays a crucial role on heat and particle confinement in tokamaks. To consider this issue, we numerically compute the axisymmetric steady states of the visco-resistive magnetohydrodynamic equations, including the non-linear (v·∇)v term using the finite element method. Imposing external n = 0 magnetic perturbations offers a way to break the natural up-down symmetry of the system and produce a net toroidal flow. Using realistic parameters, some numerical results indicate that n = 0 perturbations of the magnetic configuration may be used to increase n = 0 steady-state speeds and promote tokamak plasma confinement while preserving axisymmetry.
Hydrodynamics of vortical gas jets coupled to point-like suction
Authors: Lee Jung Y. , Kottke Peter A. , Fedorov Andrei G.
Published: October 2020

Vortical jet flows in the Reynolds number (Re) range from 1000 to 3425 and swirl number (S) below 0.5, alone and in combination with suction through a small aperture, are experimentally investigated using optical visualization. Schlieren photography is employed to assess the vortical flow structure and establish the fundamental understanding of the source-to-sink gas-dynamic coupling, including the role played by the flow rate, jet diameter, and separation distance between the gas jet source and the suction sink. Compared to vortex-free jets, vortical jets for Re > 2700 with swirl number S > 0.27 experience earlier laminar-to-turbulent transition, resulting in a rapid growth of the jet boundary. The ability to control the growth of the jet expansion and mass and momentum dissipation into the surrounding is demonstrated via the use of a coaxially aligned flow suction placed in the path of a jet. When a swirling jet is completely coupled with a flow suction, jet expansion is significantly suppressed. The suction/sink flow rate imposes a limit on the maximum input/source flow rate of the gas jet to achieve complete coupling. Furthermore, there is a maximum distance over which effective coupling can occur, and for all Reynolds numbers considered, this distance is shorter than the distance at which the jet structure breaks up into turbulent eddies in the absence of a sink.
Decomposition and embedding in the stochastic GW self-energy
Authors: Romanova Mariya , Vlček Vojtěch
Published: October 2020

We present two new developments for computing excited state energies within the GW approximation. First, calculations of the Green’s function and the screened Coulomb interaction are decomposed into two parts: one is deterministic, while the other relies on stochastic sampling. Second, this separation allows constructing a subspace self-energy, which contains dynamic correlation from only a particular (spatial or energetic) region of interest. The methodology is exemplified on large-scale simulations of nitrogen-vacancy states in a periodic hBN monolayer and hBN-graphene heterostructure. We demonstrate that the deterministic embedding of strongly localized states significantly reduces statistical errors, and the computational cost decreases by more than an order of magnitude. The computed subspace self-energy unveils how interfacial couplings affect electronic correlations and identifies contributions to excited-state lifetimes. While the embedding is necessary for the proper treatment of impurity states, the decomposition yields new physical insight into quantum phenomena in heterogeneous systems.
On the use of two-point velocity correlation in wall-pressure models for turbulent flow past a trailing edge under adverse pressure gradient
Authors: Jaiswal Prateek , Moreau Stéphane , Avallone Francesco , Ragni Daniele , Pröbsting Stefan
Published: October 2020

Two-point velocity statistics near the trailing edge of a controlled diffusion airfoil are obtained, both experimentally and analytically, by decomposing Poisson’s equation for pressure into the mean-shear (MS) and turbulence–turbulence (TT) interaction terms. The study focuses on the modeling of each interaction term, in order to allow for the reconstruction of the wall-pressure spectra from tomographic velocimetry data, without numerically solving for pressure. The two-point correlation of the wall-normal velocity that describes the magnitude of the MS source term is found to be influenced by various competing factors such as blocking, mean-shear, and the adverse mean pressure gradient. The blocking term is found to supersede the other interaction terms close to the wall, making the two-point velocity correlation self-similar. The most dominant TT term that contributes to far-field noise for an observer located perpendicular to the airfoil chord at the mid-span is shown to be the one that quantifies the variation of the wall-normal velocity fluctuations in the longitudinal direction because of the statistical homogeneity of turbulence in planes parallel to the wall. A model to determine the contribution of the TT interaction term is proposed where the fourth-order two-point correlation can be modeled using Lighthill’s approximation. However, its contribution toward wall-pressure spectra is found to be substantially lower than the MS term in the present case.
The effect of electron collisions on the relativistic Pierce diode in the case of reflection of electrons from a potential barrier
Authors: Gerasimenko A. B. , Kuznetsov V. I.
Published: October 2020

A Pierce diode with a relativistic electron flow for the case when electrons are reflected from a potential barrier is considered. The effect of electron scattering by background particles on time-independent solutions for the diode is studied. It was found that, as in the mode without electron reflection, only two types of solutions can exist: Bursian solutions and non-Bursian ones. It is shown that non-Bursian solutions disappear when the average collision frequency is about 10% of the plasma frequency. The obtained results can be used for microwave electronics.
Supercritical flow characteristics in smooth open channels with different aspect ratios
Authors: Nasif G. , Balachandar R. , Barron R. M.
Published: October 2020

A transient numerical investigation is employed in this study to evaluate the influence of channel aspect ratio varying between 2.0 and 12.0 on the secondary currents and other flow characteristics in an open-channel turbulent flow at mildly supercritical Froude numbers. The transient three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations are numerically solved using a finite volume approach with detached-eddy simulation as the turbulence model. The commonly used rigid-lid approximation to model the free surface is found to be unsatisfactory. A flat wave model linked with the volume of fluid method is used to simulate the free surface at the water–air interface to bring forth the realistic flow structures in the region below the free surface and the side walls. The size of the structures is dependent on the water column height rather than the channel aspect ratio. It is shown that the streamwise velocity profile across the channel has a strong dependence on the channel aspect ratio. This profile has two recognizable points of inflection for aspect ratios between 3.0 and 6.0, which move toward the sidewalls as the channel aspect ratio increases. A region of inviscid-like flow is seen about the channel central plane above a specific vertical location for a small channel aspect ratio only. The distribution of the contour patterns of the ratio of mean vertical and transverse secondary currents is similar for a wide range, and it does not depend on the channel aspect ratio. The transverse profiles of the Reynolds stresses are impacted by the channel aspect ratio and the vertical location from the channel bed. More waves form at the water–air interface in the narrower channel compared to the wider one, which indicates that the free-surface deformation is dependent on the channel aspect ratio. It is highly recommended that to study the fluid structure interaction problems in open channels, it is best to use a channel aspect ratio of 12 or greater.
Photoluminescence in PbS nanocrystal thin films: Nanocrystal density, film morphology and energy transfer
Authors: Tsybeskov L. , Alam M. , Hafiz S. B. , Ko D.-K. , Bratkovsky A. M. , Wu X. , Lockwood D. J.
Published: October 2020

We show that photoluminescence properties of PbS nanocrystal thin films are directly related to film morphology and nanocrystal density. In densely packed PbS nanocrystal films, low-temperature donor-to-acceptor energy transfer is mainly responsible for the photoluminescence spectra narrowing and shift toward longer wavelengths. At elevated temperatures, back energy transfer is proposed to be responsible for an unusual photoluminescence intensity temperature dependence. In thin films with a low PbS nanocrystal density, the energy transfer is suppressed, and the effect is dramatically reduced.
Schrödinger-type 2D coherent states of magnetized uniaxially strained graphene
Authors: Díaz-Bautista Erik
Published: October 2020

We revisit the uniaxially strained graphene immersed in a uniform homogeneous magnetic field orthogonal to the layer in order to describe the time evolution of coherent states built from a semi-classical model. We consider the symmetric gauge vector potential to render the magnetic field, and we encode the tensile and compression deformations on an anisotropy parameter ζ. After solving the Dirac-like equation with an anisotropic Fermi velocity, we define a set of matrix ladder operators and construct electron coherent states as eigenstates of a matrix annihilation operator with complex eigenvalues. Through the corresponding probability density, we are able to study the anisotropy effects on these states on the xy plane and their time evolution. Our results clearly show that the quasi period of electron coherent states is affected by the uniaxial strain.