bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of key exosomes-related genes in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhuoyi , Lu Jianfang , Liu Xiangyan , Liu Jingfeng , Li Jianhui
Published: December 2024

One of the primary risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Exosomes have a significant impact on the dissemination of HBV-infected HCC. This study aimed to screen HBV exosome-related hub genes in HCC for a better understanding of the HCC pathogenic mechanism. First, multiple HBV-induced HCC datasets were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the exosome-related gene set was obtained from relevant literature. Nine HBV-related HCC exosome hub genes (HP, C9, APOA1, PON1, TTR, LPA, FCN2, FCN3, and MBL2) were selected through differential analysis and network analysis. An analysis of the receiver operation characteristic (ROC) revealed that these genes had good diagnostic value. These hub genes were primarily enriched in biological processes such as the citrate cycle tca cycle, phenylalanine metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism, according to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Furthermore, this study predicted the miRNA (hsa-miR-590-5p) targeting LPA, as well as 12 lncRNAs (AL121655, SAP30-DT, LINC00472, etc.) targeting hsa-miR-590-5p. Finally, nelarabine, methylprednisolone, and methylprednisolone were predicted to be possible medications that target the hub gene based on the CellMiner database. To sum up, this work was crucial for discovering new biomarkers and comprehending the function of exosome-related genes in the growth of HBV-infected HCC.
Observation on the effect of roller-assisted balloon compression hemostat after percutaneous coronary intervention via radial artery
Authors: Tao Jia , Huang Tiantian , Qu Li , Chen Shuliang , Li Liying
Published: December 2024

Background

Cardiovascular diseases are a global health concern, with coronary artery disease being particularly prevalent. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via the radial artery approach (TRA) is now preferred due to its advantages. However, post-TRA hemostasis can lead to complications like hand swelling and pain.

Objective

To investigate the effect of roller support assisted balloon compression radial artery hemostasis device in patients undergoing percutaneous radial coronary intervention.

Methods

A total of 122 patients undergoing percutaneous radial coronary intervention in our hospital from March 2022 to September 2022 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, 61 cases in each one. The observation group was treated with roller support assisted balloon compression type radial artery hemostasis device for compression hemostasis, and the control group was treated with balloon compression type radial artery hemostasis device (TR-Band). The complications such as bleeding at the puncture site, hematoma, swelling of the hand on the operation side, and pain in the operation limb as well as the patient satisfaction were observed in the patients of the two groups.

Results

There were 10 cases of bleeding in the control group and 7 cases in the observation group, the bleeding mostly happens about 1 h after surgery. As for the pain score between the two groups of the immediately, 1 h, 2 h, and remove time were (3.48 ± 1.83), (4.82 ± 1.77), (3.84 ± 1.52), (1.48 ± 0.94) respectively, where the values in the observation group were (2.10 ± 1.48), (3.00 ± 1.20), (3.07 ± 1.67), (0.77 ± 0.78). There were significant differences in swelling, pain and satisfaction of the hand on the operation side between the two groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The modified application of roller support assisted radial artery hemostat helps to reduce the incidence of postoperative non-vascular complications in patients and improve patient satisfaction, with good social effect.
Vehicle driving intention recognition algorithm in intersections based on Ergodic Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Liu Fang , Chen Liang , Su Weixing
Published: December 2024

To address the problem of Vehicle Driving Intention (VDI) recognition in intersection scenes, with the aim of reducing complexity, improving real-time performance and universality, a VDI recognition algorithm based on Ergodic Hidden Markov Model (EHMM) is proposed for Intelligent Connected Vehicles (ICVs) to achieve VDI recognition of surrounding target vehicles. This algorithm does not constrain the target vehicles to be ICVs and is suitable for the current transitional period when intelligent connected technology is not fully popularized. In this algorithm, the structural differences of intersections are first fully considered. Therefore, a relative measurement method is proposed to extract the relative behavioral characteristics of the target vehicles to ensure good universality between intersections with different structures. Furthermore, the relative behavioral characteristics of human driver population at intersections is chosen as the reference. By analyzing the similarity between the relative behavioral characteristics of the target vehicle and the reference, VDI recognition based on EHMM is achieved. Finally, through comparative verification experiments with two types of algorithms on two different intersection scene datasets in terms of complexity, real-time performance and universality, it has been proven that the proposed EHMM based VDI recognition algorithm has fewer model parameters, faster calculation speed, and better universality when the VDI recognition accuracy is equivalent.
Heat and mass transfer process simulation and structure design of a water-cooled fin solid metal hydride storage system
Authors: Chai Mu , Zhu Zuo-hong , Liu Zhen-an
Published: December 2024

The heat transfer efficiency of a metal hydride reactor significantly affects its hydrogen absorption and desorption performance. Incorporating additional heat transfer structures can effectively enhance the heat transfer efficiency of hydrogen storage tank. To explore the impact of internal heat transfer structure on the hydrogen absorption capability of the reactor, a novel designed hydrogen storage tank with multi-ring hollow heat transfer fins was proposed. Firstly, a mathematical model is developed to describe the heat and mass transfer process during the hydrogen absorption, and the model is verified by hydrogen absorption experiments. Secondly, the heat transfer structure of multi-ring hollow fin reactor with three-fin structure is determined by comparing the effects of the structure of heat exchanger pipe and the number of heat exchanger fins on the heat transfer efficiency and hydrogen absorption rate of the system. Finally, the effects of flow velocity, temperature of heat transfer fluid and hydrogen absorption pressure on the hydrogen absorption efficiency of the system were compared. The numerical results show that the proposed reactor has shown an improvement in average heat exchange efficiency and average hydrogen absorption rate by 75.49% and 55%, respectively, compared to the initial reactor. The flow velocity and temperature of the heat transfer fluid have an influence on the heat exchange performance of the system, with an impact ranging from 7.69% to 62%, but little effect on the average hydrogen absorption rate of the system, and the hydrogen absorption pressure significantly affects the hydrogen absorption rate. The higher hydrogen absorption pressure can effectively extract the hydrogen absorption rate of the system, but the higher hydrogen absorption pressure imposes greater requirements for the heat transfer conditions of the system.
Performance assessment on DES/DDES method for transient flow in a centrifugal turbomachine model subjects to rotor-stator interaction
Authors: Pan Chaogang , Yang Hui , Wei Yikun , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2024

We present an assessment of the performances of the detached eddy simulation (DES) and delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) approaches in resolving the transient flow in a system of a centrifugal impeller and a vaned diffuser which is strongly destabilized by the rotor-stator interaction (RSI). The numerical results obtained by the DES and DDES approaches are compared against that from an independent large-eddy simulation (LES) investigation and that of a vaneless diffuser model. The time-averaged and fluctuating velocity, the nonlinear primary momentum transport term, and the two-point correlation of fluctuating pressure in the impeller, diffuser, and vaneless region are analyzed. The numerical results reveal that the diffuser vanes substantially perturb the flow inside the impeller, especially at the impeller outlet. The DDES approach cannot resolve the multi-scale flow structures in the vaneless region. The DES approach produces a time-averaged velocity field that is more consistent with the LES approach, and the DDES approach performs better for the reversed flow. For the transient behaviors, the DES approach is more sensitive to weak fluctuation, and for the pressure fluctuation in the impeller where the RSI significantly perturbs. The DDES approach gives a consistent two-point correlation of fluctuating pressure with the LES approach, while the DES approach could not give an accurate prediction.
Mechanism of action of curcumin targeting TRPM2/NLRP3 signaling axis to mediate cell death in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhu Kai , Bi Jianping , Zhang Qingkun , Yang Yifan , Li Jie , Liang Yanchen
Published: December 2024

Objects

This study intends to explore the possible mechanisms of curcumin’s action after knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

Chondrocytes alone were used to mimic the cellular inflammatory response with interleukin IL-1β. Overexpressing TRPM2 chondrocytes were constructed using cell transfection technique for mechanism verification. The proliferation of chondrocytes was assessed by CCK8 assay, cellular ROS level was detected by flow cytometry, cellular inflammatory factor content was detected by ELISA kit, and molecules of cellular pyroptosis-related signaling pathway were detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. In vivo experiments, a rat knee osteoarthritis model was constructed. Cartilage integrity was assessed by histological analysis, cellular inflammatory factor content was detected by ELISA kit, and cellular pyroptosis-related signaling pathway molecules were detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Curcumin targeting the TRPM2/NLRP3 signaling axis significantly inhibited IL-1β induced decrease in cell viability, increase in ROS level, secretion of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, etc., as well as decreased the expression of cellular scaffolding-related proteins, such as GSDMD, NLRP3 and pro-caspase-1, etc. ( p < .05). Meanwhile, curcumin targeting the TRPM2/NLRP3 signaling axis also significantly improved the pathological state of cartilage tissue, maintained cartilage integrity, and reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors, and treated osteoarthritis of the knee in rats by mediating cellular pyroptosis.

Conclusions

Curcumin can effectively improve the inflammatory response of chondrocytes through the TRPM2/NLRP3 signaling axis in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee in rats.
Unravelling the Path to Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and the Moderating Role of Career Stages in High-performance Work Systems
Authors: Ajmal Muhammad , Islam Azmat , Islam Zeenat , Javeed Awais
Published: December 2024

The study explains how and when high-performance work practices (HPWPs) positively relate to organizational commitment. Specifically, it tries to unleash the black box mechanism between perceived HPWPs and organizational commitment through mediating and moderating factors from the social exchange perspective. A quantitative research design and a cross-sectional approach are used to collect data with the help of a self-administered questionnaire from 250 employees of different cities in Punjab, Pakistan. According to the findings, when employees are in the maintenance stage instead of the establishment and advancement stages, HPWPs are significantly positively associated with perceived organizational support (POS). It expands our understanding of human resources (HR) practices and empirically investigates the significance of career stages in this context. The contribution of this study is twofold; first, our study adds to the body of empirical work on HPWPs and the discussion of organizational commitment. It includes a more comprehensive understanding of social exchange relationships in the form of social, human and cultural capital that we know as POS, which organizations provide to employees. Second, by examining the function of POS in an HPWP environment, it identifies the antecedents of POS through HR practices at the employee level. It shows that POS generates strong working relationships among employees through the HPWPs process.
Cephalosporins Use in Pediatric Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review and Policy Considerations in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshammari Mohammed K. , Osaimi Hind M. Al , Alshehri Norah F. , Masoud Raneem F. , Abdulaal Alaa O. , Qaidi Bashair Z. Al
Published: December 2024

Background

Pediatric wellbeing and health outcomes are among the leading indicators of World Health Organization (WHO). Growing infections and risk of antibiotic resistance have appeared to be one of the main cause if mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population. Cephalosporins, due to their better comparative efficacy and safety, are often first line therapy approach among the pediatric population.

Purpose

This review is aiming to elaborate the use of cephalosporins in pediatric patients within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In addition, this review shall also sum up the clinical outcomes after use among the pediatric patients.

Results

This review highlights the use of clinical efficacy and use of cephalosporins among pediatric population in variety of infections. It was observed that among the included studies the cephalosporins were found effective in combating infections caused by gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus [MSSA], and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae [ntHi]), while recognizing their ineffectiveness against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and enterococci. In Saudi health care setting use of Cephalosporins is frequent and this recommendation is based on their broad-spectrum efficacy and clinical safety profile among variety of pediatric infections in different clinical settings.

Conclusion

This review emphasizes the need to ensure the supervised use of cephalosporins in Saudi health care setting. Implementation of the national clinical guidelines and their synchronization with the global standards shall be a way to ensure long term availability of cephalosporins as 1st line regimen. Promoting rational prescribing methods can reduce the risks of resistance and maintain efficacy in pediatric care.
Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Parmelia sulcata Taylor and its Cytotoxic Effects on A Glioblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Arya Vikrant , Parmar Ranjeet Kaur , Gill Amandeep Kaur , Acharya Ashutosh , Singh Yatendra , Jamwal Anupam
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The current study aims to establish the pharmacognostic profile and evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Parmelia sulcata Talyor in the glioblastoma cell line.

Materials and Methods

In this experimental investigation, pharmacognostic evaluation has been conducted via standard procedures, and active fractions obtained through column chromatography, further identified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The total antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract of the lichen was obtained via the phosphomolybdate method, and a reducing power assay was conducted to determine its in vitro antioxidant potential. The glioblastoma U87-MG cell lines were cultivated in minimum essential medium supplemented with nonessential amino acids, and 10% fetal bovine serum was maintained under controlled conditions. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of ethanolic extract of lichen and its isolated active fraction.

Results

The pharmacognostic profile of P. sulcata inhabiting in lithophytic life form has been established. Morphological parameters aided in studying the physical attributes of lichen, whereas microscopic parameters helped to determine the histological characteristics. LC–MS analysis of purified fractions confirms the presence of phenolics in the lichens responsible for anticancer activity. Pharmacological data on U87-MG cell lines revealed the possible usage of this lichen in the treatment of glioblastoma and its associated pathological conditions. Lichen extract and its purified fraction (L16–L21) significantly ( p < 0.05) inhibited the proliferation of U87 glioblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion

This study reported that the shield lichen has promising cytotoxic activities in U87-MG cell lines, which was marked by a reduction in cancer cell proliferation. Further pharmacognostic and phytochemical data confirmed its identity and facilitated its inclusion in various Pharmacopoeias.
Effect of Herbal Antioxidant on Push-out Bond Strength of Resin-based Composite to Dentin after Intracoronal Bleaching: An In Vitro Study
Authors: MS Parinitha , G Akshay , Doddawad Vidya G. , Shivakumar Ashwini Tumkur , Kalgeri Sowmya Halasabalu
Published: December 2024

Background

Bleaching can enhance the appearance of stained teeth while maintaining their structural integrity. The antioxidant properties of green tea and pine bark extracts related to the effect on dental hard tissues have not been updated.

Purpose

This in vitro study aims to evaluate the influence of herbal antioxidants on the push-out bond strength of resin-based composite materials to dentin following intracoronal bleaching.

Methods

In this in vitro study, 60 human mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into six groups as follows ( n = 10): GI (control), no bleaching; GII, bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and sodium perborate; GI, bleaching with 35% HP and sodium perborate bleached and restored after 14 days; GIV, bleaching with 35% HP and sodium perborate followed by 10% sodium ascorbate; GV, bleaching with 35% HP and sodium perborate followed by green tea. GVI, bleaching with 35% HP and sodium perborate, followed by pine bark. The specimens were bonded to composite in all groups. The push-out bond strength of specimens was measured in megapascals (MPa). Data were entered into an Excel sheet and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) ( p = .05).

Results

The unbleached teeth (GI) demonstrated the highest shear bond strength, followed by the bleached teeth treated with a 10% pine bark extract (GVI) antioxidant. The peak stress values were significantly higher in GI (control) and GVI, followed by other groups such as GIV, GIII, GV, and GII.

Conclusion

All the antioxidants used in this study were equally effective in neutralizing the adverse effects of HP on the bonding ability of immediately restored teeth. Group VI displayed the peak load, followed by Group IV and Group V, and successfully restored the weak bond strength of bleached dentin; this can be inferred from the current in vitro study.
The Black Continental African Soccer Club as a diasporic resource: (Not) playing to the whistle in men's recreational soccer
Authors: Nya Paul , Scherer Jay
Published: December 2024

This study explores the centrality of the Black Continental African Soccer Club (BCASC) as a “diasporic resource” for members of the new African diaspora who play in an over-35 men's recreational soccer league in a Western Canadian city. Drawing from a multiyear ethnography, we critically examine how the BCASC serves as a crucial Black sporting institution for its members to collectively navigate anti-Black racism and the set of limits and pressures that come with being typecast as model minorities—the dominant representational figure for multiculturalism in the Canadian political economy—as they aspire to be, and live, as their fully fledged, and culturally authentic Black selves. Like other historic Black and ethnic sporting institutions, the BCASC and its related practices of fraternal sociality and solidarity serve as identity-affirming and redemptive, sanctuary sites where team members confront dominant and exclusionary forms of whiteness and its subordinating customs, all while palliating “homing desire” through nostalgic expressions of home.
Exploring the nexus of house price, income, homeownership types, and electoral democracy: Heterogeneous effects of housing wealth on political outcomes in OECD countries
Authors: Han Seungwoo
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the heterogeneous impacts of housing wealth on political outcomes in OECD countries, with a particular focus on how different forms of homeownership interact with house price-to-income ratios. The analysis explores the relationship between these factors and their influence on electoral democracy. The findings reveal that as house price-to-income ratios rise, electoral democracy tends to decline in contexts with a higher proportion of outright homeowners, while it is strengthened in contexts with a growing proportion of mortgaged homeowners. By examining the dual role of housing assets, this study underscores their potential to both stabilize and destabilize democratic processes, depending on the type of ownership. This research highlights the crucial connection between economic conditions and political stability, calling for informed policy interventions to preserve and enhance democratic institutions.
The Research Relationship: Negotiating Multiple Selves and Boundaries in Exploring Sensitive Topics
Authors: Rouse Alison
Published: December 2024

This article considers responsibilities and challenges inherent in the research relationship, from the position of a researcher who is also a counselling practitioner. It draws on my experience of undertaking a qualitative interview-based doctoral research study with adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, engaging critically with the debates in the research literature concerning researcher–practitioner role boundaries and comparable (and distinct) areas of practice between research and counselling. I suggest that within well-held, monitored boundaries, practitioner identities and contextual knowledge are invaluable to the research relationship and that a collaborative fluidity can operate between researcher and professional (in this case, counsellor) identities rather than them being in conflict. Though the issues addressed here arise from the researcher as counselling practitioner, I believe they have a wider relevance for all qualitative researchers. What happens in the research relationship is complex, involving the various identities (personal and professional selves), emotions, and subjectivities of both researchers and research contributors. Our personhood in research can help to generate rich sources of understanding and at the same time demands our critical reflexivity to interrogate our subjectivities and their influence. In undertaking research which asks individuals to reflect in detail and depth on intimate areas of their lives, researchers need to be prepared for the potential emergence of distress and feel equipped, through training, support, and contextual-based knowledge, to be able to respond appropriately. It calls for reflexive relational competence at the heart of qualitative research.
Vulvar Lactating Adenoma: A Rare Representation of Mammary-Like Anogenital Glands
Authors: Heller Alexis , Collins Victoria
Published: December 2024

Mammary-like anogenital glands are considered a normal constituent of the anogenital area. These glands can have epithelial components with eccrine or apocrine features. They often undergo transformation into mammary-like lesions, including lactational changes that occur during pregnancy and the breastfeeding period. When they form mass lesions they are referred to as lactating adenomas. Their appearance can clinically be mistaken for other more common benign and malignant entities in the vulva. We describe a vulvar lesion in a 26-year-old woman. The lesion was excised and determined by histologic examination to be a benign lactating adenoma. Subsequent immunohistochemistry was performed. The epithelial cells were positive for GATA3 and estrogen receptor while negative for PAX8, supporting mammary-like differentiation. The myoepithelial markers p63 and calponin were positive at the periphery of the ducts, supporting the benign nature of this lesion.
Is “Greening” Hydrogen the New Oil? The Governance of Social and Political Risk in Emerging North–South Hydrogen Trade Collaborations
Authors: Galan Matthias , Lindner Robert
Published: December 2024

Many industrialized countries in the Global North are looking at imported hydrogen from the Global South to fuel their industries of the 21st century. Currently, most research on the hydrogen economy looks at developed countries, but it remains unclear how a transition based on hydrogen may impact the Global South. This paper examines three case studies of projected front runners in hydrogen export, Egypt, Morocco, and South Africa, to explore the risks and opportunities of such partnerships. The study is empirically based on a review of policy strategies and project documents. The analysis draws on a resource governance typology to evaluate the hydrogen partnerships under development. Findings show that all countries face unique socioeconomic challenges that could affect their potential to benefit from export and local decarbonization opportunities. The article concludes with recommendations on how to develop new collaborations that avoid unintended socioeconomic consequences.
The Exploration of Art Creation Among Mothers from Ontario, Canada, with Histories of Gender-Based Violence Using an Interpretive Description Approach
Authors: Broadbent Madison L. , Jackson Kimberley T. , Mantler Tara
Published: December 2024

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a human rights violation and an issue of gender inequality, with 35% of women globally experiencing GBV. Mothers who experience GBV are a unique population, with vast implications on their health. Artmaking can reduce these health effects due to the self-expression, emotional healing, empowerment, and social change which often occur. The purpose of this study was to understand the process of independently creating a visual art form for mothers in Ontario, Canada, with histories of GBV, as a reflection of their experience of GBV. An arts-based interpretive descriptive study informed by intersectionality was conducted with 13 mothers from Ontario with histories of GBV utilizing semistructured interviews. Two themes emerged: (1) creative processes and (2) storytelling experiences of GBV through art. The findings from this study highlight the process of art creation among mothers from Ontario who have experienced GBV. However, further exploration surrounding artmaking among mothers with histories of GBV in Canada is warranted.
Advancing Advertising Education Through AI and Experiential Learning: Insights From a Campaign Planning Course for Caregivers in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Vivienne S.Y.
Published: December 2024

This paper details a research-led teaching approach in a service-learning course focused on understanding caregivers’ needs in Hong Kong. The approach combines AI tools and interviews to give students a comprehensive understanding of caregiving, providing valuable insights into innovative teaching approaches in advertising education. AI analysis provides quantitative insights, while interviews offer qualitative perspectives on caregivers’ challenges and needs. The findings from the analysis and interviews are used to design targeted support initiatives for caregivers in a campaign proposal. Based on the insights, students develop ideas and propose practical deliverables for a client partner. Throughout the semester, students document and reflect on their learning experiences. The results show that using the AI tool, BrandWatch, has a positive impact on students’ personal and social growth, development, and engagement in learning. The implications of the value of the teaching methodology for advancing advertising education are also discussed.
Marketing Strategies and Consumer and Sellers Perception About Oral Nicotine Pouches in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Akhlaque Ghazala , Siddiqui Muhammad Muneeb Ullah , Iqbal Romaina , Vancy Abid Ali , Khan Javaid Ahmed , Naz Sabahat
Published: December 2024

Background: The availability of novel nicotine products like oral nicotine pouches (ONP) has been rising in South Asian countries, including Pakistan. We aimed to assess ONP marketing strategies at point-of-sale (POS) and understand the perceptions among consumers and sellers regarding its use in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study in low, middle, and high socioeconomic neighborhoods of District East Karachi. For the quantitative component, we used a cross-sectional design, collecting data through observations and surveys. The observation checklist included items about advertising, product placement, display, and promotional aids. The survey questionnaire included questions on marketing tactics, product placement, and advertising strategies for ONP. For the qualitative component, we conducted in-depth interviews with ONP consumers and sellers to explore their perceptions and understand marketing strategies. Frequencies and percentages were used to report quantitative data, while thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative findings. Results: We observed 90 POS of ONP and found that 20% (n = 18) were located within 200 meters of schools. ONP advertisements were found in 67% (n = 60) of the surveyed shops, 59% (n = 53) displayed ONP next to candy, and 70% (n = 63) displayed at child’s eye level. A higher proportion of consumers (n = 66, 73%) use ONP as a cessation aid for tobacco. Most sellers (n = 48, 53%) were approached by the companies to sell ONP, and 40% received a commission while achieving the targets on ONP sell. About one-fourth of sellers (n = 21, 23%) reported selling ONP to students less than 18 years. Our qualitative findings revealed marketing strategies, peer influence, ease of use in tobacco-restricted areas, and the perception of reduced harm compared to cigarettes as key drivers of ONP consumption. Conclusion: Our study highlights a critical public health concern and offers valuable insights that could inform the development of policies to regulate tobacco sales.
Artificial intelligence applied to early childhood education: A focus for educational research?
Authors: Latorre-Medina María José , Abdelmaula-Mesaud Samia
Published: December 2024

The study focuses on a currently emerging topic: artificial intelligence (AI). The impact of AI on the field of education is considerable. The possibilities and risks associated with its use are already well known, especially when the ethical and/or legal boundaries associated with it are crossed. However, the potential of AI as an emerging technology, in the field of education in general, and in early childhood education in particular, is yet to be realised. In this paper we consider what has occurred to date, and then focus the attention of researchers who have conducted studies in the field of early childhood education. To do this, we adopted a bibliometric study approach. This type of analysis has allowed us to consider the scientific activity carried out in the field of AI as applied in early childhood education. As we note throughout this paper, this type of analysis is highly valued among the scientific community as a way of assessing the quality, productivity and scientific evolution of a subject of study. It provides academics with valuable information about research conducted in a particular area. Following the recommendations of experts in the field, in this paper we not only address the volume of publications (quantity), but also assess other scientometric indicators that measure their quality. The results of this study then can make a significant contribution to the field of research and work in early childhood education in the face of the new challenges presented by today’s society.
Gendered exits: The role of parliamentarians, parties and voters in women's departure from the European Parliament
Authors: Frech Elena
Published: December 2024

Extensive research explores women's entry into parliament and their political influence. However, reasons for women leaving, particularly in the European Parliament context, remain unclear. This study investigates departure patterns of women European parliamentarians from 2009 to 2019, investigating the role of politicians themselves, national parties, and voters. The study finds less gender differences in parliamentarians’ exit than expected, highlighting national parties’ pivotal role in a women-friendly European setting and the importance of the mediating power of the electoral system. Contrary to expectations, national parties do not disadvantage women during re-selection. Women experience higher re-election probabilities, influenced by parties’ strategies and voter preferences. Also, those women who want to progress to the national political level from the EP are not less likely to succeed in their post-parliamentary career. I conclude that electoral institutions, along with their interaction with political actors, influence women's career paths.
Discovering AI-driven purposeful political brand content to influence the voters’ attitude
Authors: Jain Varsha , Sharma Himani
Published: December 2024

The convergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and political branding has revolutionized how political leaders and parties present themselves in democratic societies. With this rising human-tech partnership, the proliferation of AI-generated content, and the upcoming 2024 elections in economies like India, the United States, the European Union, and Russia, it is essential to understand how AI-generated content can potentially influence voters’ attitudes during the election season. While political parties are expanding beyond the digital content era, AI-generated content amplifies their reach to voters living in or outside the country. However, the role of AI-generated content in voter decision-making is still undefined, particularly for those living outside the country for employment or education. Therefore, this empirical study explores how AI-driven purposeful political content influences the attitude of voters residing in India and Indian expatriates living abroad. These expatriates are a subset of the Indian voting population, who have voting rights under section 20A of the Representation of the People Act, 1950 in India. Using a qualitative approach, the study conducts an in-depth exploration of participants’ narratives using qualitative interviews. It focuses on understanding how AI-generated content conveys political ideas, creates a brand image, and helps political parties gain a distinct political edge among the voters. The study’s findings confirm that AI-generated purposeful political content is a new frontier in political branding but is not entirely utilized by all political parties. However, progressive parties are using AI-generated content to increase the political participation of voters in India and Indian expatriates and create a pleasant political brand image worldwide.
Mid-term and Long-term Outcomes of Endovenous Laser Ablation Utilizing a 1470 nm Laser a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bontinis Vangelis , Bontinis Alkis , Giannopoulos Argirios , Manaki Vasiliki , Kontes Ioannis , Pitoulias Apostolos G. , Chorti Angeliki , Ktenidis Kiriakos
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

We sought to investigate the mid-term and long-term efficacy of 1470 nm endovenous laser ablation (EVLA).

Material and Methods:

We conducted a systematic research on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science for articles published by January 2024. The primary endpoints were truncal vein and great saphenous vein (GSV) occlusion.

Results:

Fifteen studies, 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 5 prospective, and 6 retrospective case series, including 2064 patients and 2125 truncal veins (1862 GSV) were included. The pooled truncal vein occlusion estimates at 2, 3, and 5 years were 93.51% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90.01, 95.84), 89.60% (95% CI: 82.75, 93.93), 88.94% (95% CI: 81.59, 93.58). The pooled GSV occlusion at 2, 3, and 5 years were 93.90% (95% CI: 90.30, 96.21), 93.01% (95% CI: 82.80, 97.36), and 89.06% (95% CI: 80.55, 94.12), respectively. The pooled deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and burn estimates were 1.42% (95% CI: 0.87, 2.31) and 2.64% (95% CI: 1.19, 5.75), respectively. The pooled overall and permanent neurologic complication estimates were 4.33% (95% CI: 1.62, 11.12) and 1.70% (95% CI: 0.69, 4.13), respectively. The pooled Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) reduction by the end of follow-up was, mean difference (MD), 4.96 (95% CI: 3.87, 6.05). Meta-regression analysis including linear endovenous energy density (LEED) values ranging from 69 to 101.7 J/cm elucidated a statistically significant positive association between LEED and GSV occlusion at the 2-year (β=0.0977, p=0.02), 3-year (β=0.2021, p<0.01) and 5-year (β=0.0534, p=0.01) follow-up intervals.

Conclusion:

This review has displayed satisfactory medium and long-term truncal and GSV occlusion outcomes for the 1470 nm device. In addition, a positive association between GSV occlusion and LEED was identified, persisting through the 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year follow-up intervals. Despite these favorable findings further research is imperative, focusing not only on technical aspects, such as vein occlusion but also on critical clinical parameters, including varicose vein recurrence, to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and durability of EVLA.

Clinical Impact

This review demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the 1470 nm EVLA device in the treatment of lower limb venous insufficiency over the medium- and long-term periods, further substantiating its continued use. Moreover, the consistent positive association between linear endovenous energy density (LEED) and occlusion outcomes across the five-year follow-up interval highlighted the critical role of LEED in optimizing long-term clinical results, potentially offering valuable insights for practitioners.
Preferences of continuous care service options for patients with venous leg ulcer development of attributes for discrete choice experiments
Authors: Zhou Panpan , Wang Xian , Gu Fei , Huang Zheng , Yu Jinzhi , Li Meng
Published: December 2024

Background

Patients suffering from lower extremity venous ulcers typically undergo prolonged dressing changes, entailing extended treatment cycles and significant costs, creating an urgent need for effective continuous care. There is scarce literature reporting on the preferences and requirements for wound care within continuous care services for such conditions. Discrete choice experiments serve as an innovative method to elicit patient preferences, where the development of attributes and levels is a critically important process.

Objective

To identify attributes and levels patients with venous leg ulcers consider when making decisions about continued care services for venous leg ulcers.

Methods

In this study, we employed four steps to devise service features (i.e., attributes) and their potential manifestations (i.e., levels). Firstly, we conducted a systematic literature search with articles screened and content compiled by two researchers to identify possible service attributes. Secondly, we conducted in-depth interviews with patients suffering from venous leg ulcers to gather personal experiences and expectations for quality care, and used Nvivo11.0 for data management. Thirdly, focus group discussions were held to assess general viewpoints from various perspectives. Finally, expert meetings were organized to refine our research tools further. To narrow down the attributes to a manageable number for the discrete choice experiment, focus groups and expert meetings performed ranking exercises, calculating the average importance scores by dividing the total score by the number of participants and ranking attributes from highest to lowest average scores.

Results

Through literature reviews, qualitative data acquisition, expert meetings, and ranking exercises, a total of six attributes were finalized, each with two to three levels. The attributes included: 1) service cost (Ave score: 4.7); 2) Mode of service delivery (Ave score: 4.5); 3) Service type (Ave score: 4.4); 4) Consistency of caregiver (Ave score: 4.4); 5) Category of service providers (Ave score: 4.3); and 6) Appointment scheduling (Ave score: 4.3). These attributes encompassed key aspects related to wound care in the continuous care services for patients with venous leg ulcers.

Conclusions

The mixed-methods approach adopted in this study has proven particularly suitable for identifying, refining, and selecting attributes and levels for discrete choice experiments. By leveraging the advantages and limitations of the four steps, and especially through qualitative data analysis, a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the attributes and levels was achieved. This approach has facilitated the practicality and accuracy in attribute construction, enhancing the overall efficacy of the DCE design.
Microstructure and resistivity of ITO targets sintered by cold and microwave sintering for solar cell applications
Authors: Wu Fangzhou , Wang Tan , Xu Jiwen , Zhu Guisheng , Shang Fei , Xu Huarui
Published: December 2024

High mobility of ITO films for solar cells is enhanced by decreasing SnO2 content in ITO gargets. However, the sintering densification of ITO targets becomes difficult. The density of ITO targets with low SnO2 content is enhanced by TiO2, SiO2 and cold sintering. The green bodies of ITO are first compacted by cold sintering and then further fully densified by microwave sintering. Three types of ITO targets exhibit single cubic bixbyite structure, dense microstructure and transgranular fracture. ITO targets sintered at a microwave temperature of 1450 °C have a high relative density of over 99% and low resistivity of below 4.87 × 10−4 Ω·cm. The fine grains have a size of less than 2.0 μm. Therefore, the synergistic effect of additives and the sintering process can resolve the difficulty of sintering densification of ITO targets with low doping content.
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activities investigation of tri-armed structure of (7-bromo-5-chloro- 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione) based on benzene ring
Authors: Farhan Marwan M , Hussein Mohanad A , Al-Jumaili Mohammed Hadi Ali
Published: December 2024

Due to the importance of heterocyclic rings in drug design, we synthesized a novel multicyclic heterocyclic compound, designated as (2,2′,2ʺ-(benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl) tris(6-bromo-4-chloroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione) (compound D), under mild conditions and within an acidic medium. The synthesis of this valuable heterocyclic compound commenced with the preparation of benzene-1,3,5-tricarbohydrazide from benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid and hydrazine hydrate. This transitional compound was subsequently interacted with 6-bromo-4-chloroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione to yield the target compound D. The synthesized compounds were purified, and their structures were elucidated through advanced spectroscopic techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H NMR, and 13C NMR). Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli) and gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the produced compound. The bioactivity of the new compound was compared to that of conventional antibiotics, such as ampicillin and streptomycin. Interestingly, the compound D exhibited antibacterial activity according to reference drugs. Furthermore, molecular docking studies have shown many connections with amino acid residues in the active sites, thus these results have the possibility to inspire further investigation in the field of heterocyclic compounds.
Notes on the state of Brazilian television archives: From scattered initiatives to an uncertain future
Authors: Hamburger Esther , Gozzi Giancarlo , Mello Cecília
Published: December 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in past television programmes and television memory more broadly, a trend amplified by streaming platforms. This development highlights the critical issue of television archiving and content accessibility. As Brazilian television approaches its 75th anniversary in 2025, this article examines the current state of television archives in Brazil, their accessibility to the general public, and the role of amateur archiving on online platforms. We analyse the public and private dimensions of these archives and, drawing on international examples, advocate for public-private collaborations to expand Brazilian citizenship through equitable access to television archives.
Mediating Variables Between Relative Deprivation and Populist Attitudes: Cases From Colombia, Peru, and Chile
Authors: Chaparro Hernán , Uribe-Bravo Karla Anamaría , Ruiz-Dodobara Fernando
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyse the indirect effect of pluralistic attitudes and political distrust on the relationship between relative deprivation and populist attitudes. We conducted a survey on a sample of 3,800 adults from Chile, Colombia, and Peru and performed a mediation analysis using structural equation modelling. The findings showed that political distrust and pluralism have positive and statistically significant indirect effects on the relation between relative deprivation and populist attitudes in these three countries. These findings suggest that perceptions of inequality may contribute to increased political distrust and be associated with pluralistic demands to listen to those perceived as marginalised from power, which ultimately predicts populist attitudes. The study posits that this is a model that may explain the inclusive populism that is often prevalent in Latin American countries.
Beyond the bleed: Navigating fetal intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Lee Hillary C , Amin Amee A , Gonzales Danielle N
Published: December 2024

Background: Antenatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is intracranial hemorrhage that occurs in utero at an incidence of 1–5 per 10,000. Though there is very limited data on neurodevelopmental prognosis, antenatally diagnosed fetal intracranial hemorrhages carry a very poor prognosis with an estimated 40% mortality in utero or within the first month after birth. Less than 50% of survivors have normal neurodevelopmental outcomes during their postnatal follow-up. We present a healthy, term infant, who was prenatally diagnosed with a grade IV fetal IVH.

Case: A term, male infant was delivered via elective cesarean section following a prenatal diagnosis of unilateral grade IV intraventricular hemorrhage with bilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly. Pregnancy had been unremarkable with no history of trauma, hematologic, or infectious etiology. Extensive post-natal evaluation confirmed the prenatal MRI findings and an unremarkable infectious and hematologic evaluation but revealed a genetic syndrome for 15q11.2 deletion. On day of life 18, the infant was discharged home with parents, tolerating full oral feeds and with appropriate weight gain. Continued outpatient follow-up has revealed no further progression of the bleed on serial neuroimaging with the infant meeting appropriate developmental milestones at 6 months of age.

Conclusion: Despite early detection, fetal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has poor outcomes compared to post-natal prematurity related IVH. Parents of affected fetuses should be counseled about poor survival rates and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, especially following the diagnosis of grade III or IV IVH.