bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying the influence of transfer learning method in developing an end-to-end automatic speech recognition system with a low data level
Authors: Mamyrbayev Orken , Alimhan Keylan , Oralbekova Dina , Bekarystankyzy Akbayan , Zhumazhanov Bagashar
Published: March 2022

Ensuring the best quality and performance of modern speech technologies, today, is possible based on the widespread use of machine learning methods. The idea of this project is to study and implement an end-to-end system of automatic speech recognition using machine learning methods, as well as to develop new mathematical models and algorithms for solving the problem of automatic speech recognition for agglutinative (Turkic) languages.
Many research papers have shown that deep learning methods make it easier to train automatic speech recognition systems that use an end-to-end approach. This method can also train an automatic speech recognition system directly, that is, without manual work with raw signals. Despite the good recognition quality, this model has some drawbacks. These disadvantages are based on the need for a large amount of data for training. This is a serious problem for low-data languages, especially Turkic languages such as Kazakh and Azerbaijani. To solve this problem, various methods are needed to apply. Some methods are used for end-to-end speech recognition of languages belonging to the group of languages of the same family (agglutinative languages). Method for low-resource languages is transfer learning, and for large resources – multi-task learning. To increase efficiency and quickly solve the problem associated with a limited resource, transfer learning was used for the end-to-end model. The transfer learning method helped to fit a model trained on the Kazakh dataset to the Azerbaijani dataset. Thereby, two language corpora were trained simultaneously. Conducted experiments with two corpora show that transfer learning can reduce the symbol error rate, phoneme error rate (PER), by 14.23 % compared to baseline models (DNN+HMM, WaveNet, and CNC+LM). Therefore, the realized model with the transfer method can be used to recognize other low-resource languages.
Development of an algorithm for solving the problem of optimal control on a finite interval for a nonlinear system of a three-sector economic cluster
Authors: Murzabekov Zainelkhriet , Milosz Marek , Tussupova Kamshat , Mirzakhmedova Gulbanu
Published: March 2022

The problem of optimal control over a finite time interval for a mathematical model of a three-sector economic cluster is posed. The economic system is reduced by means of transformations to the optimal control problem for one class of nonlinear systems with coefficients depending on the state of the control object. Two optimal control problems for one class of nonlinear systems with and without control constraints are considered. The nonlinear objective functional in these problems depends on the control and state of the object. Then, using the results of solving optimal control problems on a finite interval, an algorithm for solving the problem for a nonlinear system of a three-sector economic cluster is developed. A nonlinear control based on the feedback principle using Lagrange multipliers of a special kind is found. The results obtained for nonlinear systems are used to construct the control parameters of a mathematical model of a three-sector economic cluster at a finite time interval with a given functional and various initial conditions. The results of the system state calculation are shown in the figures, the optimal controls satisfy the given constraints. The optimal distribution of labor and investment resources for a three-sector economic cluster is determined. They ensure that the system is brought into an equilibrium state and satisfy balance ratios. These results are useful for practice and are important because there are a number of optimal control problems when it is necessary to transfer a system from an initial state to a desired final state for a given time interval. Such problems often arise for an economic system when a certain level of development is required.
Development of a system for statistical measurement of the influence of digital technologies on the efficiency of management
Authors: Dunayev Igor , Hotlib Iryna , Olvinskaya Juliya , Fomina Olena , Hrybova Diana , Olentsevych Nataliya , Popov Yevhen , Nosyriev Oleksandr
Published: March 2022

A system of statistical measurement of the influence of digital technologies on the efficiency of management has been devised. It is determined that in the process of intensification of digitalization processes, various methodological approaches to statistical measurement of management efficiency were distinguished. Indices used to compile international ratings for the development of digital technologies have been established. The existing methodical approaches of statistical measurement of influence of digitalization on efficiency of public administration have been analyzed. In this regard, it was determined that there is no unified method of evaluation. A conceptual model of the system of statistical measurement of management efficiency under the conditions of digitalization at the organizational level has been built. It is substantiated that the devised model creates the basis for the formation of theoretical and methodological foundations for statistical measurement of the impact of digital technologies on management efficiency. Statistical indicators of the impact of digital technologies on management efficiency were systematized. The composition of indicators of measurement of external efficiency, efficiency coefficients of the controlled subsystem and control subsystem was clarified. A procedure for calculating the indicator of the overall efficiency of management has been devised. A methodical approach for diagnosing the movement of management efficiency indicators was proposed. It is established that differences in the speed of movement lead to large differences in the values of indicators. It has been determined that solving the system of equations makes it possible to find the intersection points of linear trends. The use of the proposed methodological approach could make it possible to measure the quantitative and qualitative effects of digitalization and ensure effective management at all levels by taking into consideration the interests of all stakeholders.
Developing a statistical model for the active ventilation of a grain layer with high moisture content
Authors: Askarov Ardak , Tlevlessova Dinara , Ostrikov Alexander , Shambulov Yermek , Kairbayeva Ainura
Published: March 2022

The most important stage in the technological operations for grain production is its post-harvest processing. At this stage, the quality of the grain masses is lost because the temperature condition inside bulk grain is almost never checked during temporary storage.
In order to increase the technological efficiency of primary grain processing and storage, an installation has been designed that could preserve the quality of grain at low-capacity enterprises or during temporary storage. As the self-heating of grain during storage is a serious issue, the installation would also help solve the problem related to the temporary lack of storage facilities. Thus, using active grain ventilation makes it possible to improve the resistance of grain masses to storage. The available body of research into energy-saving drying processes, active ventilation, and purification of grain from light impurities mainly resolve highly specialized technological tasks. Of interest are those studies that aim to design and implement the rational equipment structure for the active ventilation and cleaning of grain from light impurities, which make it possible to practically execute non-stationary modes. This paper considers the efficiency of active ventilation and the reduction of energy costs depending on the installation's structural parameters; specifically, the height of the chamber and the speed of supply of warm air are selected. The height of the working chamber of 1 m and the air velocity of 1.1–1.4 m/s have been experimentally proven and theoretically substantiated.
Determination of the influence of the choice of the pruning procedure parameters on the learning quality of a multilayer perceptron
Authors: Galchonkov Oleg , Nevrev Alexander , Shevchuk Bohdan , Baranov Nikolay
Published: March 2022

Pruning connections in a fully connected neural network allows to remove redundancy in the structure of the neural network and thus reduce the computational complexity of its implementation while maintaining the resulting characteristics of the classification of images entering its input. However, the issues of choosing the parameters of the pruning procedure have not been sufficiently studied at the moment. The choice essentially depends on the configuration of the neural network. However, in any neural network configuration there is one or more multilayer perceptrons. For them, it is possible to develop universal recommendations for choosing the parameters of the pruning procedure. One of the most promising methods for practical implementation is considered – the iterative pruning method, which uses preprocessing of input signals to regularize the learning process of a neural network. For a specific configuration of a multilayer perceptron and the MNIST (Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology) dataset, a database of handwritten digit samples proposed by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology as a standard when comparing image recognition methods, dependences of the classification accuracy of handwritten digits and learning rate were obtained on the learning step, pruning interval, and the number of links removed at each pruning iteration. It is shown that the best set of parameters of the learning procedure with pruning provides an increase in the quality of classification by about 1 %, compared with the worst set in the studied range. The convex nature of these dependencies allows a constructive approach to finding a neural network configuration that provides the highest classification accuracy with the minimum amount of computational costs during implementation.
Monitoring and management ion concentrations in the air of industrial and public premises
Authors: Bolibrukh Borys , Glyva Valentyn , Kasatkina Natalia , Levchenko Larysa , Tykhenko Oksana , Panova Olena , Bogatov Oleg , Petrunok Tetiana , Aznaurian Iryna , Zozulya Sergey
Published: March 2022

This paper reports a substantiated method and a designed device for controlling the concentrations of air ions in premises in accordance with the European standards SBM 2015. The use of an ultrasonic humidifier with a capacity of 25 W for two hours increases the concentration of negative ions around the device from 240 to 560 cm-3, positive ones ‒ from 260 to 410 cm-3. The intensity of the electrostatic field of a polymeric coating decreases from 5.1 to 0.2 kV/m. The disadvantage of the humidifier is a small radius of influence (1.0–1.5 m) and the inability to control the polarity of ions. It has been experimentally established that air cooling systems (split systems) deionize the air of the premises. Degrees of deionization and dominating polarity are unpredictable and different for devices of different manufacturers and brands. To control the ion composition of the air simultaneously with the maintenance of normative relative humidity and stresses of static fields, the structure was proposed and the effectiveness of a bipolar ultrasonic air ionizer with adjusted performance and dominating polarity has been tested. The maximum productivity of the ionizer is 4,000–5,000 cm-3. The radius of exposure is 5 m (reducing the concentration of ions with a distance to 500 cm-3). To pass the ionized air through an air capacitor, the number and predominant polarity of air ions are regulated by the polarity and voltage on the covers of the capacitor. It was established that in order to service a room with an area of 50 m2, an ultrasonic emitter with a capacity of 25 W would suffice. The adjustability of the device performance makes it possible to reduce or increase the service area. The ability to purify air from suspended particles is shown. During the two hours of operation of the ionizer, the dust content decreased from 4.3–4.4 mg/m3 to 1.4–1.6 mg/m3.
Development of a method for checking vulnerabilities of a corporate network using Bernstein transformations
Authors: Kyrychok Roman , Laptiev Oleksandr , Lisnevskyi Rostyslav , Kozlovskyi Valerii , Klobukov Vitaliy
Published: March 2022

One of the leading areas of cybersecurity of communication networks is considered – the introduction of preventive mechanisms, among which the most promising are the methods of active security analysis. These methods allow, in addition to timely detection of vulnerabilities of the target system (analyzed system), to confirm the possibility of their implementation, that is, to validate vulnerabilities by simulating the real actions of a potential attacker. The urgent need to validate vulnerabilities out of the many identified is caused by the fact that some of them can only be theoretical, while others are exploited using malicious scripts (exploits). At the same time, the process of validating vulnerabilities is practically not studied. That is why the work carried out an experimental study of the functioning of modern tools for exploiting vulnerabilities. Based on the observations, general quantitative characteristics of the vulnerability validation process were identified. A mathematical model for the analysis of the above characteristics based on Bernstein polynomials has been developed. It is the polynomial representation of the procedure for confirming the possibility of implementing the identified vulnerabilities that makes it possible to describe the dynamics of this process, taking into account the complex and volatile nature of the environment. Analytical dependencies are obtained for the number of cases of successful and negative confirmation of vulnerabilities. In particular, negative validation cases include simply failed attempts to validate vulnerabilities, as well as attempts that resulted in critical errors on the target system during the rational cycle of validating the identified vulnerabilities. The proposed dependencies make it possible to construct the probability distribution laws for the above characteristics of the vulnerability testing process.
Estimation of stature from lower limb measurements by regression analysis in north-west Indian population
Authors: Chawla Hitesh , Tyagi Ashish , Dara Sandeep , U Aravindan
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study was to estimate the stature from lower limb parameters in the north-west population of India and to know whether a significant correlation exists between the stature and various lower limb dimensions and to further derive regression formulae for estimation of stature from various lower limb segments.
Materials and methods: the study was conducted on medical students age ranged between 18 to 28 years, which comes chiefly from north-west part of India. Only the subjects willing to participate in the study and given their written informed consent were included in the study group. The students having any obvious physical deformity were excluded from the study. Correlations between various lower limb parameters and stature were determined by using the Pearson’s correlation test. Sex-specific linear regression equations for stature estimation were developed using the lower limb measurements. The multiple regressions equations were produced based on various combinations of the parameters by stepwise regression analysis.
Results: the Pearson’s correlation in combined group showed good correlations between lower limb parameters and stature. There was no statistically significant difference between known stature and estimated stature by using paired T-test for both right and left side in a group consisting of both sexes and in males (p>0.05).
Conclusion: from the parameters, lower limb length and foot length had shown strong positive correlations with stature in the north-west Indian population
Assessment of quality of life after hysterectomy with opportunistіс salpingeсtomy with uterine myoma by vaginal and abdominal access
Authors: Proshchenko Olha , Ventskivska Iryna , Vitovsky Yaroslav , Markitanyuk Svitlana
Published: March 2022

The aim of the research – to identify violations of quality of life after hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy, considering different approaches to surgery.
Materials and methods. Quality of life assessments of hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy for uterine fibroids were performed in 160 women of reproductive age, who were divided into two groups: I – 90 patients with vaginal access, and II – 70 patients with abdominal access. The control group included 50 women with asymptomatic fibroids of reproductive age. The diagnostic algorithm included a physical examination, ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, assessment of urogenital dysfunction questionnaire using the MOS SF-36 questionnaire; to identify signs of vegetative changes in Wayne, to assess general fatigue, physical and mental fatigue MFI-20 was performed using a standardized POP-Q system.
Results. The leading violations of quality-of-life parameters are general somatic symptoms 107 (66.9±6.0 %), psycho-emotional disorders 89 (55.6±6.7 %), genitourinary and sexual disorders 39 (24.4±3.0 %). Among the most common somatic ones – complaints of headaches, edema and fluctuations in blood pressure. The dominance of asthenic, anxiety and depressive disorders among psycho-emotional disorders has been established. The diagnosis of “organic asthenic disorder” was established in 47 (52.2±9.7 %) and 39 (55.7±7.3 %), respectively, in the groups of examined patients. Vaginal hysterectomy causes more increase in the proportion of urogenital disorders 25 27.7±8.3 %) compared to control – 7 (14.0±4.8 %) (p<0.05). An ultrasound examination showed a 2.25-fold increase in ovarian volume one month after the hysterectomy, and a reduction in ovarian tissue volume in both study groups 2 years after surgery.
Conclusions. Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy affects the parameters of quality of life. The leading violations of quality-of-life parameters are general somatic symptoms, psycho-emotional disorders without statistically significant difference in groups, but the indicators are better in group I. The minimal effect on ovarian function and size was determined – 2 years after surgery, there was a decrease in ovarian tissue volume in both study groups, but statistically significant – in the second group (3.12±0.7 cm3, p<0.05) against the data control (5.82±1.7 cm3). Although the results showed a more frequent manifestation of pelvic floor descent in vaginal access, quality of life parameters were higher in these patients. Given its safety, efficiency and cost-effectiveness, it is advisable to choose it as a method of choice
Immunohistochemical diagnosis and prognosis of small cell lung cancer: the search for new strategies
Authors: Yakovtsova Irina , Yanchevskyi Olexandr , Chertenko Taisiia , Kis Andriy , Oliyinyk Andrii
Published: March 2022

The aim: to find the optimal combination of immunohistochemical markers for differential diagnosis and prognosis of small cell lung cancer in small biopsy samples.

Materials and methods. The tumor specimens were divided into 3 groups: 1) 25 biopsy samples of small cell lung cancer before treatment; 2) 25 samples of small cell lung cancer procured from autopsies of patients, who underwent chemotherapy; 3) 15 biopsy samples of other lung tumors histologically similar to SCLC. All tumor samples were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE). Immunohistochemical study performed with 5 primary antibodies: CD56, p16ink4A, TTF-1, CD117, Ki-67.

Results. TTF-1 was positive in all small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinomas and atypical carcinoids. Expression of CD56 was positive in 100 % of tumors from 1st group and 92 % of these tumors had more than 25 % of positive tumor cells. Expression of p16ink4A was significantly higher in 1st group than in the 3rd one (р<0,001). The stepwise logistic regression was used for finding the best markers for differential diagnosis of small cell lung cancer in small biopsy samples. The next combination of markers was chosen: TTF-1/CD56 (score 2–4)/p16 ink4A/CD117 (sensitivity – 80 %; specificity – 86.67 %; р<0,001) where “score 2–4” means expression of CD56 more than in 25 % tumor cells. Expression of Ki-67 was higher in the 2nd group compared with the 1st one (р<0,001).

Conclusion. Evaluation of p16 expression can be used as additional marker for differential diagnosis of small cell lung cancer. The following combination of markers: TTF-1/CD56 (score2-4)/p16 ink4A/CD117 could be useful in diagnosis of small cell lung cancer in small biopsy samples and in the choice of targeted chemotherapy. The further study in paired tumor samples of small cell lung cancer before and after chemotherapy is required to prove the significance of changes in expression of Ki-67, CD56, CD117 and p16ink4A
Pharmacological and biopharmaceutical studies of paracetamol and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine combination as an analgetic drug
Authors: Ruban Olena , Zupanets Ihor , Kolisnyk Tetiana , Shebeko Sergii , Vashchenko Olga , Zimin Stanislav , Dolzhykova Olena
Published: March 2022

The aim. Experimental selection of paracetamol and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) ratio and combined dose and bioavailability study of the pharmaceutical composition and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the model of cell biomembranes.
Materials and methods. The following substances were used: paracetamol, Actimask Acetaminophen (gelatin-coated paracetamol), and NAG. For pharmacological studies were used laboratory rats, which received test objects intragastrically. The study was performed on the model of inflammatory hyperalgesia according to the Randall-Selitto method. The values of pain threshold before and after pathology induction were established. For biopharmaceutical studies, dry L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (purity 99.9 %) was used, hydrated with an appropriate amount of double-distilled water to obtain 70 % wt./wt. water dispersion. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies were performed employing DSC 1 microcalorimeter (Mettler Toledo). Pharmaceuticals investigated were placed on the bottom of a crucible, then a proper amount of the lipid membrane was added and this moment was taken as the time reference point (t=0). Then a crucible was sealed with a lid and a sample was undergone consecutive temperature scans, heating from 0 to 35 ºC at a scanning rate of 2 ºC/min. The procedure was repeated until no more changes in DSC profiles were observed, i.e. system equilibrium was reached.
Results. It has been experimentally proven that the combination of paracetamol and NAG in the ratio of 4:1 showed better analgesic efficacy. The dose of active ingredients was determined to be 50 mg/kg by the sum of API. The active interaction of paracetamol with the bilayer of biomembranes was established and it was determined that Actimask has a worse rate of penetration into the membrane due to the coating of paracetamol with a gelatin shell. NAG didn't significantly affect the rate of penetration of Actimask through the bilayer of membranes, but the auxiliary components of the tablet mixture significantly improved the rate and completeness of penetration of paracetamol through the bilayer of biomembranes.
Conclusions. The study found the most effective ratio between paracetamol and NAG in the composition, which is 4:1. The next step was to determine the dose of API, which is 50 mg/kg of the sum of active substances. It has been determined that paracetamol has good permeability through the bilayer of biomembranes, and the tablet mass significantly improves the permeability of paracetamol
The results of a comparative analysis of the population of the population of Ukraine and countries of the European region for HIV as a rationale for improving the pharmaceutical provision of patients with socially dangerous pathologies
Authors: Yefremova Valeriia , Panfilova Hanna , Lebedyn Alla , Iurchenko Gennadii , Oksana Okseniuk , Vitaly Chernukha , Lyubov Tereshchenko , Inna Chebernina
Published: March 2022

The aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of HIV morbidity in Ukraine and in some countries of the European region over the years and to determine the characteristics of the epidemiological situation on this pathology.
Materials and methods. The object of the study was HIV incidence data presented on the website of the WHO European Health Portal (1990–2018) and in the Annual Report of the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control and the WHO Regional Office for Europe on HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe (2010–2019). Historical, analytical-comparative, systemic, graphic, logical, hypothetical-deductive, mathematical-statistical, epidemiological and other research methods were used.
Results. It is established that during 1990-2018 in the group of reference countries only for Ukraine and Belarus there was a significant fluctuation in the incidence rates presented in absolute data. In all countries except Romania, the number of HIV-infected in 2019 was higher than in 1990 (Ukraine, Belarus, Poland) and in 1993 (Germany). Analysis of the dynamics of the absolute number of HIV-infected persons by indicative years (1993, 1999, 2004, 2010, 2016, 2019) allows us to assert the different nature of changes in epidemiological data by group of reference countries. Only in Poland we saw a gradual increase in data for 1993-2019. In all other countries, there was a complex nature of changes in morbidity. According to the analysis of HIV incidence, presented in relative terms, it was found that they ranged in the largest range in Belarus, namely from 11.3 (2010) to 26.1 (2017). Belarus typically had the highest mean chain growth/decline rates of HIV incidence (1.09). In turn, the lowest value of these coefficients was observed in the EU as a whole (0.97). Comparison of average values of HIV incidence per 100 thousand population suggests that in Ukraine this figure was 1.85 times higher than in Belarus, 11.36 times higher than in Poland, 8.65 times higher than in Romania, 10.27 times higher than in Germany and 5.88 times more than in the EU group.
Conclusions. The presence of a complex and tense epidemiological situation with HIV infection in Ukraine in comparison with other countries of the reference group of countries suggests the need to implement comprehensive programs to counter the spread of this socially dangerous infection and introduce models for the rational use of limited health care resources and international funds
Carboxylic acids in the flowers of Veronica spicata L. and Veronica incana L.
Authors: Kovaleva Аlla , Ain Raal , Tetiana Ilina , Osmachko Alina , Goryacha Olga , Omelyanchik Ludmila , Koshovyi Oleh
Published: March 2022

In the Ukrainian flora, species of Veronica L. genus (Plantaginaceae Juss.) are classified into 8 sections. Among the representatives of Pseudolysimachion W. D. J. Koch section in the Kharkiv region, Veronica spicata L. (spike speedwell) and Veronica incana L. (Veronica spicata L. subsp. incana (L.) Walters, silver speedwell) are common. Plants are used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract diseases, malignant neoplasms, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system disorders, diabetes mellitus.
The aim of the research was to study the carboxylic acids of flowers of Veronica spicata L. and Veronica incana L.
Materials and methods. The objects of the research were flowers of Veronica spicata L. and Veronica incana L., collected in the flowering stage in the Botanical Garden of Karazin University (Kharkiv, Ukraine) in summer 2018. The study of carboxylic acid composition was performed by chromatography-mass spectrometry on a 6890N MSD/DS Agilent Technologies chromatograph with a 5973N mass spectrometric detector. Identification of methyl esters of acids was performed using data from the mass spectrum libraries NIST 05 and Willey 2007 in a combination with programs for the identification of AMDIS and NIST; also, their retention time and the retention times of standard compounds were compared.
Results. In Veronica incana L. flowers, 37 carboxylic acids were identified and quantified, constituting 1.05 %. In Veronica spicata L. flowers, 32 carboxylic acids were identified and quantified, the total content of which was 2.75 %.
Conclusions. A higher carboxylic acid content was established in the flowers of Veronica spicata L. The fatty acid composition of Veronica incana L. flowers is characterized by a comparable content of saturated and unsaturated acids, while in Veronica spicata L. flowers, unsaturated fatty acids prevail over saturated fatty acids. The content of aromatic acids in the flowers of studied species was comparable. The characteristic carboxylic acids in the flowers of Veronica incana L. are oxalic, 3-hydroxy-2-methylglutaric, pentadecanoic, heneicosanoic, tricosanic,4-hydroxybenzoic, 4-methoxybenzoic and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acids; in the flowers of Veronica spicata L. – 2-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, α-furanic and homovanillic acids
Setting the equation of regression to determine the technological factors influence on the content of flavonoids in the extract
Authors: Kutova Olga , Sahaidak-Nikitiuk Rita , Kovalevska Inna , Demchenko Nataliya
Published: March 2022

The aim of the article is to establish a regression equation that determines the influence of technological factors on the content of flavonoids in the extract for further use in optimizing the technology for obtaining an extract based on horse chestnut. The task of the research was to identify a mathematical model to describe the effect of technological parameters of extraction on the target quality indicators of a given dosage form, in particular, on the quantitative content of flavonoids.
Materials and methods. The proposed approach is based on mathematical processing of experimental results obtained according to plan 23 using the computer program Mathcad 14 and MS Excel. To establish a mathematical description, an analysis of the separate influence of technological factors on the target indicator was carried out and the possibility of forming a geometric mean function was determined using the corresponding linear regression equations.
Results. The general problem of identification was solved, when it was necessary to reveal both the mechanism of influence of technological factors on the value of the target indicator, and to give a quantitative assessment of the unknown parameters of the regression equation. Based on the results of experimental observations, an adequate mathematical model was established in the form of a linear multiple regression equation with the interaction of factors.
Conclusions. The obtained mathematical description makes it possible to analyze the influence of technological factors on the quantitative content of the complex of flavonoids in the herbal extract in the range of the investigated factor space, and also to optimize the technological parameters of extraction
Development of a mathematical model of radio resource management of special purpose radio communication systems based on an evolutionary approach
Authors: Shyshatskyi Andrii , Ovchynnyk Volodymyr , Momotov Andrii , Protas Nadiia , Solomakha Andriy
Published: March 2022

The object of research is a special-purpose radio communication system. A special purpose radio communication system is affected by many different destructive influences. The main ones are deliberate interference and cybernetic impact of various purposes. The above causes the search for new scientific approaches to identify and identify the destructive impact on special-purpose radio communications in order to increase the operational efficiency of special-purpose radio communications systems. In this work, the problems of developing a mathematical model for managing the radio resource of special-purpose radio communication systems based on the evolutionary approach are solved.
In the course of the research, the authors of the work used the main provisions of the theory of artificial intelligence, the theory of automation, the theory of complex technical systems, as well as general scientific methods of cognition, namely analysis and synthesis. The proposed methodological approach was developed taking into account the practical experience of the authors of this work during military conflicts of the last decade.
The research results will be useful for:
– development of new radio resource management algorithms;
– substantiation of recommendations for improving the efficiency of radio resource operational management;
– analysis of the radio-electronic situation during the conduct of hostilities (operations);
– when creating promising technologies for increasing the efficiency of radio resource operational management;
– assessment of the adequacy, reliability, sensitivity of the scientific and methodological apparatus for the operational management of the radio resource;
– development of new and improvement of existing radio resource management models.
Directions for further research will be aimed at developing a methodology for intelligent control of the radio resource of special-purpose radio communication systems.
Complex Approach to Diagnosis of Nasal Cavity and Nasopharyngeal Pathologies in Children. Initial Results
Authors: Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Gankovskiy Viktor A. , Zelenkova Irina V. , Gubanova Svetlana G. , Pashkov Alexander V. , Karkashadze George A.
Published: March 2022

Background. Nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal pathology are crucial and common issue in pediatric otorhinolaryngology. One of the major reasons for the nasal breathing difficulties are adenoids, allergic rhinitis, acute rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, nasal septum deviation. All these diseases can occur individually and in combination with each other, while clinical signs can be similar.

Objective. The aim of the study is study and estimate the condition of nasal breathing and sense of smell in children with different nasal and nasopharyngeal pathology.

Methods. The study included 128 children, all children were divided into 3 groups comparable by gender and age. Children with confirmed acute ENT organ disease were included in the 1st group, children with allergic disease exacerbation were included in the 2nd group, and clinically healthy children (control group) were included in the 3rd group. Survey methodology: rhinomanometry (RMM), rhinoresistometry (RRM), olfactometry.

Results. It was revealed that nasal resistance in children with allergic diseases exacerbation is significantly higher both before and after anemisation of nasal mucosa with a solution of nasal decongestants than in children of the control group (according to the RRM). The air flow rate increases by average of 25% in children with various ENT organs diseases, and in children with allergic diseases — by average of 43% after anemisation of the nasal mucosa. The obtained data shows the role of nasal mucosal edema in patients with allergic diseases during exacerbation. Analysis of our RMM and RRM data suggests the importance of further use of these methods in children.

Conclusion. The obtained results will allow us to optimize the diagnosis approach and personalize the management of patients with various nasal cavity and nasopharynx pathologies. Nowadays, the study is ongoing.
Gluten-Free Diet in Children with Dermatologic Pathology
Authors: Opryatin Leonid A. , Borovik Tatiana E. , Murashkin Nikolay N.
Published: March 2022

Background. Gluten-free diet (GFD) is a nutritional pattern that excludes such component of grain crops as gluten. This diet administration should be strictly regulated due to its influence on the growing child nutritional status and on the course of skin diseases. Thus, studying the effects of GFD on the course of dermatologic diseases in various patients’ groups is crucial.

Objective. The aim of the study is to study the effects of GFD on nutritional status and skin condition of patients with dermatologic pathology and associated celiac disease, as well as gluten hypersensitivity.

Methods. The study included children hospitalized in the dermatology department. We have used obtained anthropometric data (weight, height, body mass index (BMI)) to estimate nutritional status, all calculations were performed via programs WHO Anthro (for children under 5 years old) and WHO AntroPlus (for children over 5 years old). Weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), BMI-for-age (BAZ) z-scores were evaluated. Estimation of skin pathological process was performed via SCORAD index for patients with atopic dermatitis, PASI — for psoriasis, SALT — for alopecia, VASI — for vitiligo, LoSCAT — for scleroderma. Assessment of anthropometric measures and skin disease severity was performed at study initiation and 6 months after nutrition correction.

Results. 1000 children with various dermatologic pathologies admitted to the dermatology department during the period from August 2020 to August 2021 were examined. Three patients’ groups were formed: with celiac disease, gluten hypersensitivity, and without any gluten-associated conditions. Assessment of anthropometric measures has shown positive dynamics in patients with celiac disease and gluten hypersensitivity on GFD, as well as in patients without any gluten-associated conditions on normal caloric diet according to age norms. All three groups have shown positive dynamics for skin pathologies.

Conclusion. Estimation of nutritional status and skin conditions on various stages of the study has shown the importance of differentiated approach in GFD administration in dermatologic patients.
Modern Treatment Principles for Children with Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia: Observational Studies Systematic Review
Authors: Shukenbaeva Regina A. , Turti Tatiana V.
Published: March 2022

Background. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is severe and rare disease with poor prognosis. Its management is complex due to the lack of clinical guidelines (both Russian and international). Therefore, consideration of modern principles of this pathology treatment is still crucial, it also can improve the quality and life expectancy in these patients.

Objective. The aim of the study is to schematize and unify all relevant data on PIL cases over the past 10 years, to identify modern treatment principles for provision of timely medical car. Methods. Systematic review of publications from 2011 to 2021 in PubMed database was performed. Clinical cases, observational studies, and literature reviews were included.

Results. Nutrition therapy in the treatment of PIL has many advantages and it is the firstline therapy. However, modern medicine allows to help children with this pathology via somatostatin group drugs, immunosuppressants, and surgery in case of insufficient nutrition correction.

Conclusion. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia has certain scientific interest in pediatricians and gastroenterologists’ practice. Understanding of the disease, its early diagnosis and pathological process localization allow us to choose the correct diet, to determine the need for surgical intervention, and to prescribe targeted drug therapy.
COVID-19 Morbidity in Children with Bronchial Asthma and Allergies
Authors: Kobzeva Elizaveta A. , Levina Julia G.
Published: March 2022

Background. The morbidity of new coronavirus infection remains high (in children as well). Children with bronchial asthma are not at risk this disease development and severe course of COVID-19 according to the previous studies results.

Objective. The aim of the study is to compare the morbidity rate of COVID-19 among children with and without bronchial asthma between May 2020 and October 2021 with the results from the beginning of pandemics. Methods. Online questionnaires in Google form have been developed and sent to parents of 83 patients aged from 7 to 17 years who have been interviewed at the beginning of the pandemics. The main group includes 49 patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma, and the control group includes 25 children without bronchial asthma.

Results. 45% (22) of patients had COVID-19 in the main group and 32% (8) — in the control group (p = 0.636). 80% of patients had mild course of disease and 20% — moderate in the main group, and 62% and 37% in the control group respectively. Febrile fever was observed in 40% of respondents in the main group and in 33% — in the control group; anosmia — in 35% in the main and in 14% — in the control group; pulse oximetry was used by 44% of patients in the main group (SpO2 94–98%) and 42% in the control group (SpO2 98–99%); 66% of patients had baseline therapy and 6% had rescue medications in the main group. No one from both groups has been hospitalized.

Conclusion. Pediatric patients both with and without bronchial asthma have COVID-19 more often compared to the pandemics beginning. The disease in most cases had mild course and did not require hospitalization, aggravations of bronchial asthma were rare, and saturation values did not decrease below 94%.
Exploring the Learner’s Perception about Embryology – Before and After Introduction of Competency Based Medical Curriculum (CBME)
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji medical college and hospital, BIHER, Chrompet, Chennai, India., Sharath Krishnaveni , Rajan Rahe ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji medical college and hospital, BIHER, Chrompet, Chennai, India., Devi G Durga ,   Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji medical college and hospital, BIHER, Chrompet, Chennai, India., Johnson WMS ,   Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji medical college and hospital, Chrompet, BIHER Chennai, India.
Published: March 2022

Background: The perceived relevance of a subject/area will decide how much the student will study that. Competency based Medical Curriculum helps students to understand the subject relevance due to its structured format. The feedback from students about subject relevance is needed as they are the primary stakeholders for learning. In this era of involving molecular biology and genetics in medical field, it is very difficult to determine how much to teach a basic subject like embryology. This questionnaire study was done to know the viewpoints of 3rd semester & 5th semester medical students about the relevance and necessity of embryology in medical education. Method: An anonymous questionnaire was sent to 3rd semester, CBME batch & 5th semester students, traditional or regular batch of Sree Balaji Medical College, Chrompet. The pre validated questionnaire contained questions regarding the perceived relevance & importance of embryology. Results: Students reported the relevance of embryology knowledge for learning other medical subjects & they more often acknowledged embryology as being of great importance for their professional careers. This perception has increased especially after introduction of Competency based Medical Curriculum. Overall, study results suggest that medical students have a positive attitude toward embryology undergraduate course. Conclusion: This evidence could be used as an additional motive for the development embryology courses, with special emphasis on practical application of knowledge in clinically-oriented setting. KEY WORDS: CBME, perception, Relevance, Embryology, Medical teaching.
A Contrast-Enhanced MDCT Study on the Morphology of Renal Vessels, Their Variations and Clinical Implications
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Anatomy, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Gupta Manu , Kaul Nisha V ,   Professor & HOD, Department of Anatomy, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India., Shukla Ashish Kumar ,   Professor & HOD, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The kidneys--the main organs of the excretory system, are supplied by a paired renal artery, originating from the Abdominal Aorta at the level of a disc between L1 and L2 and drained by a paired renal vein exiting from the hilum of the kidney to the Inferior vena cava. Aim: To evaluate the morphology of renal vessels, their variations & clinical implications during renal surgeries in the subjects of the North India population by contrast-enhanced MDCT. Materials and Method: The present study was conceptualized & carried out in the Department of Anatomy, in collaboration with the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Santosh Medical College & Hospital, Ghaziabad and from Dr. O.P Gupta Imaging Centre, Meerut. This study was performed on the 108 patients who were referred for abdominal CECT examination with suspected abdominal pathologies. Contrast-enhanced MDCT scan images of the Abdomen were reviewed for normal anatomy of renal vessels and their variants. Result: Out of 108 patients, anatomical variations of the renal vessel were found in 72 (66.66%) patients. Variations of the renal artery were found in 56 patients (51.85%). Out of these 56 patients, 47 had supplementary renal artery, 17 had early branching of the renal artery and 8 patients had both supplementary and early branching of the renal artery. Supplementary renal arteries were seen in 15 patients on the right side, 16 patients on the left side & 16 patients bilaterally. Earlier branching of the renal artery was found in 9 patients on the right side, 10 patients on the left side and in 2 patients bilaterally. Variations of the renal vein were more commonly found on the right side, late renal vein confluence was seen in 28 (25.92%) patients and supplementary renal veins in 9 (8.3%) patients. On the left side, 2 (1.85%) patients had late renal vein confluence and 2 (1.85%) patients had retroaortic vein. Conclusion: Variations of the renal artery are found frequently. Morphological evaluation of renal vessels is useful for planning and performing the endovascular, laparoscopic and urological procedure. KEY WORDS: Renal artery (RA), Renal vein (RV), Supplementary Renal artery (SRA), Early branching (EB), Supplementary renal vein (SRV), Contrast-enhanced Multidetector Computerized Tomography (MDCT).
Model Making, An Interesting Method of Learning Anatomy: Students’ perceptions
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, no. 15, Hesarghatta main road, navy layout, Chikkasandra, Chikkabanavara, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., SV Uma
Published: March 2022

Background: The knowledge of anatomy is very essential for the safe and efficient clinical practice. There has been a lot of efforts, made over recent years to promote active learning in students through innovative teaching techniques. Model making is one such type of active and self directed learning. The aim of the study is to introduce model making as a technique of learning Anatomy.The objective was to evaluate the students’ perceptions about various aspects of model making, as a technique of learning anatomy Material and Methods: Convenient sample of one hundred first year MBBS students were divided into four groups for different model making activities. Each group of twenty five was divided into six and nineteen. Group of nineteen did the routine dissection and the other of six did the model of structures under the cover of gluteus maximus, parotid gland, cavernous sinus with its relations or perineal pouches at various time intervals. Anonymous feedback was taken from students through a questionnaire using a Likert five-point grading scale. The number and percentage of students responding to each item was noted. The mean rating for each item was calculated. Results: Amajority of students were positive about the use of model making in anatomy.94%, 93%, and 91% of the students felt that model making was useful in learning anatomy,should be used for teaching other topics also and helped in long term memory respectively. Conclusion: Students perceived that model making when used along with dissection would promote meaningful learning and deep understanding of anatomy. KEY WORDS: Model making, Anatomy, Self directed learning, Active learning.