bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic action of the exosome cofactor RBM7 by stabilization of CDK1 mRNA in breast cancer
Authors: Xi Pei-Wen , Zhang Xu , Zhu Lei , Dai Xin-Yuan , Cheng Lin , Hu Yue , Shi Liang , Wei Ji-Fu , Ding Qiang
Published: October 2020

RNA exosome can target the specific RNAs for their processing/degradation by distinct exosome cofactors. As a key component in exosome cofactors, RNA binding motif protein 7 (RBM7) shows the binding specificity for uridine-rich sequences in mRNAs via its RNA recognition motifs. However, the specific function of RBM7 in human breast cancer remains unclear. In vitro, experiments revealed that knockdown of RBM7 dramatically inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, while inducing G1 cell cycle arrest; the opposite was true when RBM7 was overexpressed. Meanwhile, experiments in vivo confirmed the oncogenic function of RBM7 in breast cancer. RNA sequencing and the following pathway analysis found that cyclin-dependent kinase1 (CDK1) was one of the main gene regulated by RBM7. Overexpression of RBM7 increased CDK1 expression, while RBM7 knockdown decreased it. RIP assays additionally found that RBM7 bound directly to CDK1 mRNA. It was also showed that RBM7 could directly bind to the AU-rich elements (AREs) in 3′-UTR of CDK1 mRNA, which contributed to the stability of CDK1 mRNA by lengthening its half-life. More importantly, the oncogenic activity reduced by knockdown of RBM7 could be rescued by overexpression of CDK1 both in vitro and in vivo, but mutant CDK1 failed. All the evidences implied RBM7 promoted breast cancer cell proliferation by stabilizing CDK1 mRNA via binding to AREs in its 3′-UTR. As we knew, it was the first attempt to connect the RNA exosome to the tumor development, providing new insights into the mechanisms of RNA exosome-linked diseases.
Molecular landscape and efficacy of HER2-targeted therapy in patients with HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Yi Zongbi , Rong Guohua , Guan Yanfang , Li Jin , Chang Lianpeng , Li Hui , Liu Binliang , Wang Wenna , Guan Xiuwen , Ouyang Quchang , Li Lixi , Zhai Jingtong , Li Chunxiao , Li Lifeng , Xia Xuefeng , Yang Ling , Qian Haili , Yi Xin , Xu Binghe , Ma Fei
Published: October 2020

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression or gene amplification is an important predictive biomarker for identifying patients with breast cancer, who may benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. However, little is known about the molecular landscape and efficacy of HER2-targeted therapy in patients with HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer. We analysed the HER2 mutation features of 1184 patients with invasive breast cancer. In addition, a single-arm, prospective, phase-II study (NCT03412383) of pyrotinib was conducted in patient with metastatic HER2 amplification-negative, mutation-positive breast cancer. Peripheral blood was collected from each patient and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) sequencing was performed using a 1021 gene panel. HER2 mutations were detected in 8.9% (105/1184) of patients. The HER2 amplification-positive patients had a higher mutation frequency than the HER2 amplification-negative patients (19.5% vs. 4.8%, P < 0.001). A multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that patients with HER2 mutations had a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) than HER2 wild-type patients (median PFS 4.7 months vs. 11.0 months, hazard ratio 2.65, 95% confidence interval 1.25–5.65, P = 0.011). Ten HER2 amplification-negative, mutation-positive patients who received pyrotinib monotherapy were ultimately included in the efficacy analysis. The median PFS was 4.9 months. The objective response rate (complete response + partial response) was 40.0% and the clinical benefit rate (complete response + partial response + stable disease over 24 weeks) was 60%. In conclusion, a HER2 gene mutation analysis is potentially useful to identify biomarkers of trastuzumab resistance in HER2 amplification-positive patients. Patients with HER2-mutated, non-amplified metastatic breast cancers may benefit from pyrotinib.
Neutrophil extracellular traps promote scar formation in post-epidural fibrosis
Authors: Jin Zhen , Sun Jinpeng , Song Zeyuan , Chen Kun , Nicolas Yap San Min , KC Rupesh , Ma Qiyun , Liu Jun , Zhang Mingshun
Published: October 2020

Low back pain following spine surgery is a major complication due to excessive epidural fibrosis, which compresses the lumbar nerve. The mechanisms of epidural fibrosis remain largely elusive. In the drainage samples from patients after spine operation, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and NETs inducer high-mobility group box 1 were significantly increased. In a mouse model of laminectomy, NETs developed in the wound area post epidural operation, accompanied with macrophage infiltration. In vitro, macrophages ingested NETs and thereby increased the elastase from NETs via the receptor for advanced glycation end product. Moreover, NETs boosted the expression of fibronectin in macrophages, which was dependent on elastase and could be partially blocked by DNase. NF-κB p65 and Smad pathways contributed to the increased expression fibronectin in NETs-treated macrophages. In the mouse spine operation model, post-epidural fibrosis was significantly mitigated with the administration of DNase I, which degraded DNA and cleaved NETs. Our study shed light on the roles and mechanisms of NETs in the scar formation post spine operation.
Prefrontal dysfunction associated with a history of suicide attempts among patients with recent onset schizophrenia
Authors: Matsuoka Jun , Koike Shinsuke , Satomura Yoshihiro , Okada Naohiro , Nishimura Yukika , Sakakibara Eisuke , Sakurada Hanako , Yamagishi Mika , Takahashi Katsuyoshi , Takayanagi Yoichiro , Kasai Kiyoto
Published: October 2020

Suicide is a major cause of death in patients with schizophrenia, particularly among those with recent disease onset. Although brain imaging studies have identified the neuroanatomical correlates of suicidal behavior, functional brain activity correlates particularly in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSZ) remain unknown. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) recording with a high-density coverage of the prefrontal area, we investigated whether prefrontal activity is altered in patients with ROSZ having a history of suicide attempts. A 52-channel NIRS system was used to examine hemodynamic changes in patients with ROSZ that had a history of suicide attempts (n = 24) or that lacked such a history (n = 62), and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 119), during a block-design letter fluency task (LFT). Patients with a history of suicide attempts exhibited decreased activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared with those without such a history. Our findings indicate that specific regions of the prefrontal cortex may be associated with suicidal attempts, which may have implications for early intervention for psychosis.
Reduced monoaminergic nuclei MRI signal detectable in pre-symptomatic older adults with future memory decline
Authors: Venneri Annalena , De Marco Matteo
Published: October 2020

Evidence from murine models and human post-mortem studies indicates that monoaminergic nuclei undergo degeneration at the pre-symptomatic stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Analysing 129 datasets from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and relying on the Clinical Dementia Rating as group-defining instrument, we hypothesised that the MRI signal of monoaminergic nuclei would be a statistically significant predictor of memory decline in participants initially recruited in ADNI as healthy adults. As opposed to a group of cognitively stable participants, participants developing memory decline had reduced signal in the ventral tegmental area at baseline, before any evidence of functional decline emerged. These findings indicate that monoaminergic degeneration predates the onset of memory decline in an AD-centred initiative, with a crucial involvement of very-early changes of a dopaminergic region. This translates into potential informative avenues for pharmacological treatment of pre-symptomatic AD.
Endophytic fungus, Chaetomium globosum, associated with marine green alga, a new source of Chrysin
Authors: Kamat Siya , Kumari Madhuree , Sajna Kuttuvan Valappil , Jayabaskaran C.
Published: October 2020

The marine ecosystem is an extraordinary reserve of pharmaceutically important, bioactive compounds even in this “synthetic age”. Marine algae-associated endophytic fungi have gained prominence as an important source of bioactive compounds. This study was conducted on secondary metabolites of Chaetomium globosum-associated with marine green alga Chaetomorpha media from the Konkan coastline, India. Its ethyl acetate extract (CGEE) exhibited an IC50 value of 7.9 ± 0.1 µg/mL on MCF-7 cells. CGEE exhibited G2M phase cell cycle arrest, ROS production and MMP loss in MCF-7 cells. The myco-components in CGEE contributing to the cytotoxicity were found by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry analyses. Chrysin, a dihydroxyflavone was one of the forty-six myco-components which is commonly found in honey, propolis and passionflower extracts. The compound was isolated and characterized as fungal chrysin using HPLC, UV–Vis spectroscopy, LC–MS, IR and NMR analyses by comparing with standard chrysin. The purified compound exhibited an IC50 value of 49.0 ± 0.6 µM while that of standard chrysin was 48.5 ± 1.6 µM in MCF-7 cells. It induced apoptosis, G1 phase cell cycle arrest, MMP loss, and ROS production. This is the first report of chrysin from an alternative source with opportunities for yield enhancement.
Clinical implication of oncogenic somatic mutations in early-stage cervical cancer with radical hysterectomy
Authors: Watanabe Takafumi , Nanamiya Hideaki , Kojima Manabu , Nomura Shinji , Furukawa Shigenori , Soeda Shu , Tanaka Daisuke , Isogai Takao , Imai Jun-ichi , Watanabe Shinya , Fujimori Keiya
Published: October 2020

It is well known that tumour initiation and progression are primarily an accumulation of genetic mutations. The mutation status of a tumour may predict prognosis and enable better selection of targeted therapies. In the current study, we analysed a total of 55 surgical tumours from stage IB-IIB cervical cancer (CC) patients who had undergone radical hysterectomy including pelvic lymphadenectomy, using a cancer panel covering 50 highly mutated tumorigenesis-related genes. In 35 patients (63.6%), a total 52 mutations were detected (58.3% in squamous cell carcinoma, 73.7% in adenocarcinoma), mostly in PIK3CA (34.5%) and KRAS and TP53 (9.1%). Being mutation-positive was significantly correlated with pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastasis (P = 0.035) and tended to have a worse overall survival (P = 0.076). In particular, in the patients with squamous cell carcinoma, there was a significant association between being mutation-positive and relapse-free survival (P = 0.041). The patients with PLN metastasis had a significantly worse overall survival than those without (P = 0.006). These results indicate that somatic mutation status is a predictive biomarker for PLN metastasis in early-stage CC, and is consequently related to poor prognosis. Therefore, comprehensive genetic mutations, rather than a single genetic mutation, should be examined widely in order to identify novel genetic indicators with clinical usefulness.
Author Correction: Dynamic response of the nonlocal strain-stress gradient in laminated polymer composites microtubes
Authors: Oyarhossein Mohammad Amin , Alizadeh As’ad , Habibi Mostafa , Makkiabadi Mahmoud , Daman Mohsen , Safarpour Hamed , Jung Dong Won
Published: October 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The relationship between circulating vitamin D3 and subclinical atherosclerosis in an elderly Asian population
Authors: Lu Ya-Wen , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Liu Li-Kuo , Chen Liang-Kung , Huang Po-Hsun , Lin Shing-Jong
Published: October 2020

The current evidence regarding the association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular diseases/metabolic disorders is contradictory and inconclusive. In this large-scale observational study, we investigated the relationship between the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D] concentration and subclinical atherosclerosis in an elderly Asian population. In the I-Lan longitudinal study (ILAS), 1798 elderly, aged 50 and older, were enrolled. For each subject, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D] concentration and demographic data were recorded. The participants were divided into two groups according to their serum 25(OH)D level (sufficient, > 20 ng/mL and deficient, ≤ 20 ng/mL). Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured at bilateral common carotid arteries. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined as a mean cIMT > 0.81 mm. The mean subject age was 64 ± 9 years old, and 604 (33.6%) were identified as having serum 25(OH)D level ≤ 20 ng/mL. Subjects with serum 25(OH)D level ≤ 20 ng/mL were younger, more likely to be female and smoker, and had a higher incidence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, compared to those with serum 25(OH)D level > 20 ng/mL. Additionally, patients with serum 25(OH)D level ≤ 20 ng/mL were associated with a lower risk of subclinical atherosclerosis (crude OR: 0.63, 95% CI 0.50–0.81, p < 0.001), according to univariate analysis. However, after adjusting for gender and age, serum 25(OH)D level ≤ 20 ng/mL was not a significant risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis. Serum 25(OH)D level ≤ 20 ng/mL was not an independent risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis in this large elderly Asian population. Association observed in the univariate analysis may be confounded by gender or comorbidities.
Modification of large area Cu2O/CuO photocathode with CuS non-noble catalyst for improved photocurrent and stability
Authors: Panzeri G. , Cristina M. , Jagadeesh M. S. , Bussetti G. , Magagnin L.
Published: October 2020

In this work, a three-layered heterostructure Cu2O/CuO/CuS was obtained through a low-cost and large-area fabrication route comprising electrodeposition, thermal oxidation, and reactive annealing in a sulfur atmosphere. Morphological, microstructural, and compositional analysis (AFM, SEM, XRD, EDS, XPS) were carried out to highlight the surface modification of cuprous oxide film after oxidation and subsequent sulfurization. Impedance, voltammetric, and amperometric photoelectrochemical tests were performed on Cu2O, Cu2O/CuO, and Cu2O/CuO/CuS photocathodes in a sodium sulfate solution (pH 5), under 100 mW cm−2 AM 1.5 G illumination. A progressive improvement in terms of photocurrent and stability was observed after oxidation and sulfurization treatments, reaching a maximum of − 1.38 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus RHE for the CuS-modified Cu2O/CuO electrode, corresponding to a ~ 30% improvement. The feasibility of the proposed method was demonstrated through the fabrication of a large area photoelectrode of 10 cm2, showing no significant differences in characteristics if compared to a small area photoelectrode of 1 cm2.
Airway delivery of both a BCG prime and adenoviral boost drives CD4 and CD8 T cells into the lung tissue parenchyma
Authors: Kaveh Daryan A. , Garcia-Pelayo M. Carmen , Bull Naomi C. , Sanchez-Cordon Pedro J. , Spiropoulos John , Hogarth Philip J.
Published: October 2020

Heterologous BCG prime-boost regimens represent a promising strategy for an urgently required improved tuberculosis vaccine. Identifying the mechanisms which underpin the enhanced protection induced by such strategies is one key aim which would significantly accelerate rational vaccine development. Experimentally, airway vaccination induces greater efficacy than parenteral delivery; in both conventional vaccination and heterologous boosting of parenteral BCG immunisation. However, the effect of delivering both the component prime and boost immunisations via the airway is not well known. Here we investigate delivery of both the BCG prime and adenovirus boost vaccination via the airway in a murine model, and demonstrate this approach may be able to improve the protective outcome over parenteral prime/airway boost. Intravascular staining of T cells in the lung revealed that the airway prime regimen induced more antigen-specific multifunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells to the lung parenchyma prior to challenge and indicated the route of both prime and boost to be critical to the location of induced resident T cells in the lung. Further, in the absence of a defined phenotype of vaccine-induced protection to tuberculosis; the magnitude and phenotype of vaccine-specific T cells in the parenchyma of the lung may provide insights into potential correlates of immunity.
Correction of water column height variation on 2D grid high-resolution seismic data using dGPS based methodology
Authors: Abegunrin Ayobami , Hepp Daniel A. , Mörz Tobias
Published: October 2020

Variations in the physical properties of water column usually impede exact water column height correction on high-resolution seismic data, especially when the data are collected in shallow marine environments. Changes in water column properties can be attributed to variation in tides and currents, wind-generated swells, long and short amplitude wave-fronts, or variation in salinity and water temperature. Likewise, the proper motion of the vessel complicates the determinability of the water column height. This study provides a less time-consuming and precise differential Global Positioning System based methodology that can be applied to most types of high-resolution seismic data in order to significantly improve the tracking and quality of deduced geological interpretations on smaller depth scales. The methodology was tested on geophysical profiles obtained from the German sector of the North Sea. The focus here was to identify, distinguish and classify various sub-surface sedimentary structures in a stratigraphically highly complex shallow marine environment on decimeter small-scale. After applying the correction to the profiles, the sea floor, in general, occurs 1.1 to 3.4 m (mean of 2.2 m) deeper than the uncorrected profiles and is consistent with the sea floor from published tide corrected bathymetry data. The corrected seismic profiles were used in plotting the depth of the base of Holocene channel structures and to define their gradients. The applied correction methodology was also crucial in glacial and post-glacial valley features distinction, across profile correlation and establishing structural and stratigraphic framework of the study area.
Clinical and radiological characteristics and outcome of wake-up intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Delgado-Mederos Raquel , Martínez-Domeño Alejandro , Camps-Renom Pol , Guisado-Alonso Daniel , Guasch-Jiménez Marina , Marrero-González Paula , Jiménez-Xarrié Elena , Marín Rebeca , Prats-Sánchez Luis
Published: October 2020

There is little information on the characteristics of patients with wake-up intracerebral hemorrhage (WU-ICH). We aimed to evaluate frequency and relevant differences between WU-ICH and while-awake (WA) ICH patients. This is a retrospective study of a prospective database of consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH, who were classified as WU-ICH, WA-ICH or UO-ICH (unclear onset). We collected demographic, clinical and radiological data, prognostic and therapeutic variables, and outcome [(neurological deterioration, mortality, functional outcome (favorable when modified Rankin scale score 0–2)]. From a total of 466 patients, 98 (25.8%) were classified as UO-ICH according to the type of onset and therefore excluded. We studied 368 patients (mean age 73.9 ± 13.8, 51.4% men), and compared 95 (25.8%) WU-ICH with 273 (74.2%) WA-ICH. Patients from the WU-ICH group were significantly older than WA-ICH (76.9 ± 14.3 vs 72.8 ± 13.6, p = 0.01) but the vascular risk factors were similar. Compared to the WA-ICH group, patients from the WU-ICH group had a lower GCS score or a higher NIHSS score and a higher ICH score, and were less often admitted to a stroke unit or intensive care unit. There were no differences between groups in location, volume, rate of hematoma growth, frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage and outcome. One in five patients with spontaneous ICH are WU-ICH patients. Other than age, there are no relevant differences between WU and WA groups. Although WU-ICH is associated with worse prognostic markers vital and functional outcome is similar to WA-ICH patients.
Relationship between initial peritoneal dialysis modality and risk of peritonitis
Authors: Kokubu Maiko , Matsui Masaru , Uemura Takayuki , Morimoto Katsuhiko , Eriguchi Masahiro , Samejima Kenichi , Akai Yasuhiro , Tsuruya Kazuhiko
Published: October 2020

Peritonitis is a critical complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Investigators have reported the risk of peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) versus automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), but the available evidence is predominantly based on observational studies which failed to report on the connection type. Our understanding of the relationship between peritonitis risk and PD modality thus remained insufficient. We studied 285 participants who began PD treatment between 1997 and 2014 at three hospitals in Nara Prefecture in Japan. We matched 106 APD patients with 106 CAPD patients based on their propensity scores. The primary outcome was time to first episode of peritonitis within 3 years after PD commencement. In total, PD peritonitis occurred in 64 patients during the study period. Patients initiated on APD had a lower risk of peritonitis than did those initiated on CAPD in both the unadjusted and adjusted models. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the primary endpoint were 0.30 (0.17–0.53) in the fully adjusted model including connection type. In the matched cohort, APD patients had a significantly lower risk of peritonitis than did CAPD patients (log-rank: p < 0.001, HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16–0.59). The weighting-adjusted analysis of the inverse probability of treatment yielded a similar result (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18–0.67). In conclusion, patients initiated on APD at PD commencement had a reduced risk of peritonitis compared with those initiated on CAPD, suggesting APD may be preferable for prevention of peritonitis among PD patients.
Manipulating the spectral collapse in two-photon Rabi model
Authors: Lo C. F.
Published: October 2020

We have investigated the eigenenergy spectrum of the two-photon Rabi model with a full quadratic coupling, particularly the special feature “spectral collapse”. The critical coupling strength is reduced by half from that of the two-photon Rabi model, implying that the spectral collapse can now occur at a more attainable value of the critical coupling. At the critical coupling some discrete eigenenergy levels still survive below the continuous energy spectrum, i.e. an incomplete spectral collapse, and the set of discrete eigenenergies has a one-to-one mapping with that of a particle of variable effective mass in a finite potential well. Since the energy difference between the two atomic levels specifies the depth of the potential well, the number of bound states available (or the extent of the “spectral collapse”) can be straightforwardly monitored. Obviously, this bears a great resemblance to the spectral collapse of the two-photon Rabi model, at least qualitatively. Moreover, since the full quadratic coupling includes an extra term proportional to the photon number operator only, our analysis indicates that one may manipulate the critical coupling of the two-photon Rabi model by incorporating an adjustable proportionality constant to this extra term.
The identification and functional analysis of CD8+PD-1+CD161+ T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhixuan , Zheng Bo , Qiu Xinyao , Wu Rui , Wu Tong , Yang Shuai , Zhu Yanjing , Wu Xuan , Wang Shan , Gu Ziqi , Shen Siyun , Wu Mengchao , Wang Hongyang , Chen Lei
Published: October 2020

Immunotherapy is a powerful therapeutic strategy for end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well known that T cells, including CD8+PD-1+ T cells, play important roles involving tumor development. However, their underlying phenotypic and functional differences of T cell subsets remain unclear. We constructed single-cell immune contexture involving approximate 20,000,000 immune cells from 15 pairs of HCC tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissues and 10 blood samples (including five of HCCs and five of healthy controls) by mass cytometry. scRNA-seq and functional analysis were applied to explore the function of cells. Multi-color fluorescence staining and tissue micro-arrays were used to identify the pathological distribution of CD8+PD-1+CD161 +/− T cells and their potential clinical implication. The differential distribution of CD8+ T cells subgroups was identified in tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissues. The proportion of CD8+PD1+CD161+ T cells was significantly decreased in tumor tissues, whereas the ratio of CD8+PD1+CD161− T cells was much lower in non-tumor adjacent tissues. Diffusion analysis revealed the distinct evolutionary trajectory of CD8+PD1+CD161+ and CD8+PD1+CD161− T cells. scRNA-seq and functional study further revealed the stronger immune activity of CD8+PD1+CD161+ T cells independent of MHC class II molecules expression. Interestingly, a similar change in the ratio of CD8+CD161+/ CD8+CD161− T cells was also found in peripheral blood samples collected from HCC cases, indicating their potential usage clinically. We here identified different distribution, function, and trajectory of CD8+PD-1+CD161+ and CD8+PD-1+CD161− T cells in tumor lesions, which provided new insights for the heterogeneity of immune environment in HCCs and also shed light on the potential target for immunotherapy.
Assessment of a deep-learning system for fracture detection in musculoskeletal radiographs
Authors: Jones Rebecca M. , Sharma Anuj , Hotchkiss Robert , Sperling John W. , Hamburger Jackson , Ledig Christian , O’Toole Robert , Gardner Michael , Venkatesh Srivas , Roberts Matthew M. , Sauvestre Romain , Shatkhin Max , Gupta Anant , Chopra Sumit , Kumaravel Manickam , Daluiski Aaron , Plogger Will , Nascone Jason , Potter Hollis G. , Lindsey Robert V.
Published: October 2020

Missed fractures are the most common diagnostic error in emergency departments and can lead to treatment delays and long-term disability. Here we show through a multi-site study that a deep-learning system can accurately identify fractures throughout the adult musculoskeletal system. This approach may have the potential to reduce future diagnostic errors in radiograph interpretation.
Absolute quantum yield measurements of fluorescent proteins using a plasmonic nanocavity
Authors: Ruhlandt Daja , Andresen Martin , Jensen Nickels , Gregor Ingo , Jakobs Stefan , Enderlein Jörg , Chizhik Alexey I.
Published: October 2020

One of the key photophysical properties of fluorescent proteins that is most difficult to measure is the quantum yield. It describes how efficiently a fluorophore converts absorbed light into fluorescence. Its measurement using conventional methods become particularly problematic when it is unknown how many of the proposedly fluorescent molecules of a sample are indeed fluorescent (for example due to incomplete maturation, or the presence of photophysical dark states). Here, we use a plasmonic nanocavity-based method to measure absolute quantum yield values of commonly used fluorescent proteins. The method is calibration-free, does not require knowledge about maturation or potential dark states, and works on minute amounts of sample. The insensitivity of the nanocavity-based method to the presence of non-luminescent species allowed us to measure precisely the quantum yield of photo-switchable proteins in their on-state and to analyze the origin of the residual fluorescence of protein ensembles switched to the dark state.
PAX6 mutation alters circadian rhythm and β cell function in mice without affecting glucose tolerance
Authors: Chhabra Nirav Florian , Amarie Oana Veronica , Wu Moya , Amend Anna-Lena , Rubey Marina , Gradinger Daniel , Irmler Martin , Beckers Johannes , Rathkolb Birgit , Wolf Eckhard , Feuchtinger Annette , Huypens Peter , Teperino Raffaele , Rozman Jan , Przemeck Gerhard K. H. , Hrabě de Angelis Martin
Published: October 2020

The transcription factor PAX6 is involved in the development of the eye and pancreatic islets, besides being associated with sleep–wake cycles. Here, we investigated a point mutation in the RED subdomain of PAX6, previously described in a human patient, to present a comprehensive study of a homozygous Pax6 mutation in the context of adult mammalian metabolism and circadian rhythm. Pax6Leca2 mice lack appropriate retinal structures for light perception and do not display normal daily rhythmic changes in energy metabolism. Despite β cell dysfunction and decreased insulin secretion, mutant mice have normal glucose tolerance. This is associated with reduced hepatic glucose production possibly due to altered circadian variation in expression of clock and metabolic genes, thereby evading hyperglycemia. Hence, our findings show that while the RED subdomain is important for β cell functional maturity, the Leca2 mutation impacts peripheral metabolism via loss of circadian rhythm, thus revealing pleiotropic effects of PAX6.
FUS-dependent loading of SUV39H1 to OCT4 pseudogene-lncRNA programs a silencing complex with OCT4 promoter specificity
Authors: Scarola Michele , Comisso Elisa , Rosso Massimo , Del Sal Giannino , Schneider Claudio , Schoeftner Stefan , Benetti Roberta
Published: October 2020

The resurrection of pseudogenes during evolution produced lncRNAs with new biological function. Here we show that pseudogene-evolution created an Oct4 pseudogene lncRNA that is able to direct epigenetic silencing of the parental Oct4 gene via a 2-step, lncRNA dependent mechanism. The murine Oct4 pseudogene 4 (mOct4P4) lncRNA recruits the RNA binding protein FUS to allow the binding of the SUV39H1 HMTase to a defined mOct4P4 lncRNA sequence element. The mOct4P4-FUS-SUV39H1 silencing complex holds target site specificity for the parental Oct4 promoter and interference with individual components results in loss of Oct4 silencing. SUV39H1 and FUS do not bind parental Oct4 mRNA, confirming the acquisition of a new biological function by the mOct4P4 lncRNA. Importantly, all features of mOct4P4 function are recapitulated by the human hOCT4P3 pseudogene lncRNA, indicating evolutionary conservation. Our data highlight the biological relevance of rapidly evolving lncRNAs that infiltrate into central epigenetic regulatory circuits in vertebrate cells.
Genome-wide association study of self-reported walking pace suggests beneficial effects of brisk walking on health and survival
Authors: Timmins Iain R. , Zaccardi Francesco , Nelson Christopher P. , Franks Paul W. , Yates Thomas , Dudbridge Frank
Published: October 2020

Walking is a simple form of exercise, widely promoted for its health benefits. Self-reported walking pace has been associated with a range of cardiorespiratory and cancer outcomes, and is a strong predictor of mortality. Here we perform a genome-wide association study of self-reported walking pace in 450,967 European ancestry UK Biobank participants. We identify 70 independent associated loci (P < 5 × 10−8), 11 of which are novel. We estimate the SNP-based heritability as 13.2% (s.e. = 0.21%), reducing to 8.9% (s.e. = 0.17%) with adjustment for body mass index. Significant genetic correlations are observed with cardiometabolic, respiratory and psychiatric traits, educational attainment and all-cause mortality. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest a potential causal link of increasing walking pace with a lower cardiometabolic risk profile. Given its low heritability and simple measurement, these findings suggest that self-reported walking pace is a pragmatic target for interventions aiming for general benefits on health.
Excitons, trions and Rydberg states in monolayer MoS2 revealed by low-temperature photocurrent spectroscopy
Authors: Vaquero Daniel , Clericò Vito , Salvador-Sánchez Juan , Martín-Ramos Adrián , Díaz Elena , Domínguez-Adame Francisco , Meziani Yahya M. , Diez Enrique , Quereda Jorge
Published: October 2020

Exciton physics in two-dimensional semiconductors are typically studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. However, this technique does not allow for direct observation of non-radiating excitonic transitions. Here, we use low-temperature photocurrent spectroscopy as an alternative technique to investigate excitonic transitions in a high-quality monolayer MoS2 phototransistor. The resulting spectra presents excitonic peaks with linewidths as low as 8 meV. We identify spectral features corresponding to the ground states of neutral excitons ($${\mathrm{X}}_{1{\mathrm{s}}}^{\mathrm{A}}$$

X

1
s

A

and $${\mathrm{X}}_{1{\mathrm{s}}}^{\mathrm{B}}$$

X

1
s

B

) and charged trions (TA and TB) as well as up to eight additional spectral lines at energies above the $${\mathrm{X}}_{1{\mathrm{s}}}^{\mathrm{B}}$$

X

1
s

B

transition, which we attribute to the Rydberg series of excited states of XA and XB. The intensities of the spectral features can be tuned by the gate and drain-source voltages. Using an effective-mass theory for excitons in two-dimensional systems we are able to accurately fit the measured spectral lines and unambiguously associate them with their corresponding Rydberg states.
Beating absorption in solid-state high harmonics
Authors: Liu Hanzhe , Vampa Giulio , Zhang Jingyuan Linda , Shi Yu , Buddhiraju Siddharth , Fan Shanhui , Vuckovic Jelena , Bucksbaum Philip H. , Reis David A.
Published: October 2020

Since the new millennium coherent extreme ultra-violet and soft x-ray radiation has revolutionized the understanding of dynamical physical, chemical and biological systems at the electron’s natural timescale. Unfortunately, coherent laser-based upconversion of infrared photons to vacuum-ultraviolet and soft x-ray high-order harmonics in gaseous, liquid and solid targets is notoriously inefficient. In dense nonlinear media, the limiting factor is strong re-absorption of the generated high-energy photons. Here we overcome this limitation by generating high-order harmonics from a periodic array of thin one-dimensional crystalline silicon ridge waveguides. Adding vacuum gaps between the ridges avoids the high absorption loss of the bulk and results in a ~ 100-fold increase of the extraction depth. As the grating period is varied, each high harmonic shows a different and marked modulation, indicating their waveguiding in the vacuum slots with reduced absorption. Looking ahead, our results enable bright on-chip coherent short-wavelength sources and may extend the usable spectral range of traditional nonlinear crystals to their absorption windows. Potential applications include on-chip chemically-sensitive spectro-nanoscopy.
Variability in historical emissions trends suggests a need for a wide range of global scenarios and regional analyses
Authors: Pedersen Jiesper Strandsbjerg Tristan , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Aparício Bruno A. , Swart Rob , Gupta Joyeeta , Santos Filipe Duarte
Published: October 2020

Long-term developments in carbon dioxide emissions have tracked the middle of projected emission scenario ranges over the past three decades. If this tendency continues, it seems increasingly less likely that future emissions will follow current high-emission scenarios. However, in the past, periods of slow and fast global emissions growth was observed, which have led to previous critiques of scenarios being too low or too high. In the light of such unpredictability and since scenarios are meant to explore plausible futures, we here argue that a broad range of emission scenarios continue to be considered input in scenario-based analyses of future climate change. Furthermore, we find substantial regional differences in emissions trends. Territorial emissions in OECD countries fall on the low side of emission scenario ranges, whereas non-OECD territorial emissions fell closer to the medium or high-end. Since non-OECD emissions will become increasingly important, we recommend further exploring the relationships between regional and global emissions to support scenario assumptions and climate policymaking.
Food Additives and Why They Are Used
Authors: Saltmarsh Mike
Published: October 2020

Food additives are added to food for a number of technological reasons – to increase shelf life, facilitate processing, improve eating characteristics or appeal to the consumer. Some have been used for hundreds of years while others have been introduced only recently. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the historical background to the use of food additives in Europe through trade and technology to set the current situation in perspective. It provides a definition of an additive, identifies the 27 classes of additive permitted in Europe and elaborates their uses, from acids to thickeners.
Quantitative response to nitrite from field-induced decomposition of the chloride adduct of RDX by reactive stage tandem ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Chiluwal Umesh , Eiceman Gary A.
Published: October 2020

An additional dimension of selectivity for the determination of RDX by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was introduced through field-induced decomposition of RDX·Cl− to NO2− on a spectral baseline free of interfering peaks.
Exfoliated graphdiyne for the electroless deposition of Au nanoparticles with high catalytic activity
Authors: Gao Yan , Li Changwei , Yi Wei , Fei Junjie , Yi Lanhua , Yu Ping , Mao Lanqun
Published: October 2020

Graphdiyne (GDY), a novel two-dimensional (2D) carbon material with sp- and sp2-hybridized carbon atoms, has earned a lot of attention in recent years.
In situRaman and XRD study of CO2sorption and desorption in air by a Na4SiO4–Na2CO3hybrid sorbent
Authors: Wang Zirui , Liu Weihua , Tang Zhongfeng , Xu Qian
Published: October 2020

Silicate–carbonate mixtures as new CO2capture agents have the latent application potential.
Atomistic origins of charge traps in CdSe nanoclusters
Authors: Baturin Vladimir , Lepeshkin Sergey , Bushlanova Natalia , Uspenskii Yurii
Published: October 2020

Three types of charge traps in CdnSem nanoparticles: occurrence in n–m map and corresponding atomic configurations.
K, Na and Cl co-doped TiO2nanorod arrays on carbon cloth for efficient photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde under UV/visible LED irradiation
Authors: Diao Wenyu , He Jun , Wang Qiang , Rao Xi , Zhang Yongping
Published: October 2020

A photocatalytic reactor of TiO2nanorod arrays on carbon cloth for gaseous formaldehyde degradation.
Roles of niobium in the dehydrogenation of propane to propylene over a Pt/Nb-modified Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: Zhao Tianhao , Shen Shanshan , Jia Yanyan , Pao Chih-Wen , Chen Jeng-Lung , Guo Yong , Liu Xiaohui , Dai Sheng , Wang Yanqin
Published: October 2020

The application of Pt-based catalysts in propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is restricted by low propylene selectivity, metal sintering and carbon deposition.
Enhanced charge storage of nanometric ζ-V2O5 in Mg electrolytes
Authors: Johnson Ian D. , Nolis Gene , Yin Liang , Yoo Hyun Deog , Parajuli Prakash , Mukherjee Arijita , Andrews Justin L. , Lopez Mario , Klie Robert F. , Banerjee Sarbajit , Ingram Brian J. , Lapidus Saul , Cabana Jordi , Darr Jawwad A.
Published: October 2020

Nanometric ζ-V2O5 displayes an enhanced ability to reversibly store Mg2+, yielding a better understanding of kinetic limiting factors in reversible magnesiation reactions of oxide electrode materials.
Ba2B7O12F with novel FBB [B7O16F] and deep-ultraviolet cut-off edge
Authors: Miao Zhaohong , Yang Yun , Wei Zhonglei , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: October 2020

A new fluorooxoborate Ba2B7O12F features novel FBB [B7O16F] and two different sizes of channels in its anionic structure, which possesses a deep-ultraviolet cutoff edge of 180 nm and a large bandgap of 6.67 eV.
Luminescence, chiroptical, magnetic andab initiocrystal-field characterizations of an enantiopure helicoidal Yb(iii) complex
Authors: Gendron Frédéric , Di Pietro Sebastiano , Abad Galán Laura , Riobé François , Placide Virginie , Guy Laure , Zinna Francesco , Di Bari Lorenzo , Bensalah-Ledoux Amina , Guyot Yannick , Pilet Guillaume , Pointillart Fabrice , Baguenard Bruno , Guy Stephan , Cador Olivier , Maury Olivier , Le Guennic Boris
Published: October 2020

The electronic structure of a chiral Yb(iii)-based complex is fully determined by taking advantage of experimental magnetic, luminescence, and chiroptical (NIR-ECD and CPL) characterizations in combination withab initiowavefunction calculations.
A synergistic strategy for fabricating an ultralight and thermal insulating aramid nanofiber/polyimide aerogel
Authors: Zhang Xinhai , Ni Xingxing , He Meiyun , Gao Yujie , Li Chenxi , Mo Xiaoliang , Sun Gang , You Bo
Published: October 2020

A synergistic strategy was proposed to fabricate an ultralight aramid nanofiber/polyimide (ANF/PI) composite aerogel (5.18 mg cm−3), which was highly compressible and low thermal conductivity (28.6 ± 0.53 mW (m K)−1).
Potassium methoxide/disilane-mediated formylation of aryl iodides with DMF at room temperature
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Tong Xiaogang , Huo Yanman , Tang Jiaying , Xia Chengfeng
Published: October 2020

A formylation of aryl iodides at room temperature using a weaker base KOMe instead of BuLi was developed.
Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative gem-selective addition of alkynoic acids to terminal alkynes
Authors: Jeon Hyojin , Ko Soo-Byung , Lee Sunwoo
Published: October 2020

Alkynoic acids added to terminal alkynes to give gem-1,3-enynes with high selectivity and good yields. In addition, the reaction of alkynoic acids with propiolic acid provided the corresponding gem-1,3-enynes via double decarboxylation.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H annulation of 2-acetyl-1-arylhydrazines with sulfoxonium ylides: synthesis of 2-arylindoles
Authors: Li He , Lu Ye , Jin Xinxin , Sun Shuang , Duan Limei , Liu Jinghai
Published: October 2020

Rh(iii)-catalyzed intermolecular C–H annulation of arylhydrazines with sulfoxonium ylides for synthesis of 2-arylindole derivatives was well established.
A 3-D NanoMagnetoElectrokinetic model for ultra-high precision assembly of ferromagnetic NWs using magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis
Authors: Singh Sachin K. , Rajib Md Mahadi , Drobitch Justine L. , Atulasimha Jayasimha , Bandyopadhyay Supriyo , Subramanian Arunkumar
Published: October 2020

Magnetic-field assisted dielectrophoresis delivers ultra-high precision assembly of single nanowires.
Crowding-induced interactions of ring polymers
Authors: Chauhan Gaurav , Simpson Michael L. , Abel Steven M.
Published: October 2020

Crowding leads to enhanced interactions between ring polymers and promotes adsorption of ring polymers to surfaces.
ABiFN: Attention‐based bi‐modal fusion network for object detection at night time
Authors: Sai Charan A. , Jitesh M. , Chowdhury M. , Venkataraman H.
Published: October 2020

Camera‐based object detection in low‐light/night‐time conditions is a fundamental problem because of insufficient lighting. So far, a mid‐level fusion of RGB and thermal images is done to complement each other's features. In this work, an attention‐based bi‐modal fusion network is proposed for a better object detection in the thermal domain by integrating a channel‐wise attention module. The experimental results show that the proposed framework improves the mAP by 4.13 points on the FLIR dataset.
New set of binary near complementary sequences with low peak‐to‐average power ratio
Authors: Zhang Z.X.
Published: October 2020

In this Letter, based on certain binary Golay complementary pairs and deletion function, a new construction of binary near complementary sequences with low peak‐to‐average power ratio is proposed. The length of these sequences takes the form (where a, b and c are non‐negative integers) and has not been reported before.
Considering forecasting errors in flexibility‐oriented distribution network expansion planning using the spherical simplex unscented transformation
Authors: Karimi‐Arpanahi Sahand , Jooshaki Mohammad , Moein‐Aghtaie Moein , Fotuhi‐Firuzabad Mahmud , Lehtonen Matti
Published: October 2020

The rapid rise in the grid integration of low‐carbon technologies, e.g. renewable energy sources (RESs) and plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs), has led to several challenges in distribution networks (DNs). This is due to the intermittent generation of RESs and uncertain loads of PEVs, both of which necessitate enhancing the flexibility requirements at the distribution level so as to accommodate the high penetration of these clean technologies in the future. To address such issues, this study proposes a mixed‐integer linear programming‐based expansion planning model for DNs considering the impact of high RES and PEV penetration, the associated uncertainties, and providing flexibility requirements at the distribution level. In this respect, the spherical simplex unscented transformation, an analytical uncertainty modelling method, is implemented in the planning model to take into account the forecasting errors of the uncertain green technologies. Also, in order to estimate the electric vehicle parking lot demand at each load node of the network, a new approach for PEV‐charging model is suggested. To investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed probabilistic planning model, it is implemented on two test DNs, and the obtained results are thoroughly discussed.
Keeping up with the cool stars: one TESS year in the life of AB Doradus
Authors: Ioannidis P. , Schmitt J. H. M. M.
Published: October 2020

The long-term, high precision photometry delivered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) enables us to gain new insight into known and hitherto well-studied stars. In this paper, we present the result of our TESS study of the photospheric activity of the rapid rotator AB Doradus. Due to its favorable position near the southern ecliptic pole, the TESS satellite recorded almost 600 rotations of AB Doradus with high cadence, allowing us to study starspots and flares on this ultra-active star. The observed peak-to-peak variation of the rotational modulations reaches almost 11%, and we find that the starspots on AB Doradus show highly preferred longitudinal positions. Using spot modeling, we measured the positions of the active regions on AB Doradus and we find that preferred spot configurations should include large regions extending from low to high stellar latitudes. We interpret the apparent movement of spots as the result of both differential rotation and spot evolution and argue that the typical spot lifetimes should range between 10 and 20 days. We further find a connection between the flare occurrence on AB Doradus and the visibility of the active regions on its surface, and we finally recalculated the star’s rotation period using different methods and we compared it with previous determinations.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae induced rash and mucositis sine rash: a distinct entity of erythema multiforma spectrum
Authors: Delarue Maxime , Thiebaut-Drobacheff Marie-Christine , Carlet Clémentine , Châtelain Brice , Louvrier Aurélien , Euvrard Edouard
Published: October 2020

Mycoplasma pneumoniae induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a distinct entity of erythema multiforma spectrum. Observation: we report a case of a 19-year-old man hospitalised for multiple mucosal eruptions and hyperthermia for three days, in context of a pro-T lymphoblastic leukemia in complete cytological and molecular remission. Discussion: MIRM is a skin split of 0% – 10% body surface area, at least two mucosal sites involved, few skins including vesiculobullous or atypical targets and evidence of atypical pneumonia. Identification of MP is essential for the correct diagnosis of MIRM and even more differentiation of EM associated with herpes simplex virus and drug-associated. Conclusion: MIRM has a good prognosis with rare recurrence and seldom complications.