bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An empirical study on the evaluation system of innovation and entrepreneurship education in applied universities
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Qiu Dong , Chen Xiaobing , Yu Zhenyang
Published: October 2022

Regarding the difficulties in the assessment of innovation and entrepreneurship teaching capability currently like biased qualitative assessment and less nonlinear quantitative assessment and insufficient assessment efficiency, an assessment model of innovation and entrepreneurship education targeted at local University students on the foundation of the Back Propagation (BP) neural network is designed. First, the contents of the questionnaire are carefully designed, on whose basis the assessment index system is built. Then, a BP neural network model is utilized for the purpose of comprehensively evaluating the collected data. Lastly, we carry out a demonstration study on innovation and entrepreneurship education, whose results reveal the students' professional knowledge and skills, participation in national competitions, and centralized entrepreneurship training camp play a key role and have a profound effect on innovation and entrepreneurship capability. The evaluation system is able to effectively assess the actual effects of innovation and entrepreneurship education, direct teachers' instructional activity, as well as motivate students to learn and practice.
Biosensor Characterization from Cratylia mollis Seed Lectin (Cramoll)‐MOF and Specific Carbohydrate Interactions in an Electrochemical Model
Authors: de Carvalho Maryana Hermínio , de Araújo Hallysson Douglas Andrade , da Silva Renata Pereira , dos Santos Correia Maria Tereza , de Freitas Katia Cristina Silva , de Souza Sandra Rodrigues , Barroso Coelho Luana Cassandra Breitenbach
Published: October 2022

Biosensors are small devices known for their selectivity, high specificity and sensitivity to the respective analyte, at low concentrations. We developed an electrochemical biosensor using the crystalline polymer MOF‐[Cu3(BTC)2(H2O)2]n to characterize Cratylia mollis seed lectin (Cramoll) and its interaction with free carbohydrate (glucose) and carbohydrates on the surface of rabbit erythrocytes. The electrochemical potentials presented by the exponential curves that vary from 96 to 142 mV in relation to concentrations of 10 to 20 mM of glucose are decisive for the use of the system containing gold electrode/MOF/Cramoll for the characterization of biological models due to its high sensitivity. As well as the kinetic behavior presented in the cyclic voltammograms, with a cathodic current response of 0.000 3 A for a glucose concentration of 15 mM. These results were due to the high specificity of Cramoll under these conditions, promoting stability of surface charges at the Cramoll/electrode interface. This phenomenon facilitates the monitoring of the interaction with free glucose present in the electrolyte medium by potentiometric and amperometric methods and with carbohydrates present on the surface of rabbit erythrocytes through the potentiometric method. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) it was possible to observe Cramoll immobilized on the MOF surface, proving the specificity of the ligand (glucose‐lectin) through the morphological lectin changes in this process. This electrochemical model, Cramoll/MOF biosensor, is effective for evaluating free lectin/carbohydrate or in the erythrocyte membrane.
The Mechanism of Crocetin Targeting Cardiovascular Disease Based on Network Pharmacology Constrained by Spectral Experiments
Authors: Geng Zhaoming , Guo Ming , Zhou Qingteng , Pan Lanying
Published: October 2022

The network pharmacology under conditions is a recent development trend. We use network pharmacology methods to analyze the mechanism of crocetin (CRO) that regulates cardiovascular diseases. In this work, the spectral experimental data of CRO‐Protein interaction is first time combined with constraint conditions to solve the problems of targeting redundancy and lack of verification. CRO targets and cardiovascular disease targets were obtained by the target database. The STRING platform was used for PPI analysis. The GO and KEGG pathways of the target were analyzed using the Metascape platform; The core functional targets of CRO were screened by molecular docking techniques and the spectra of CRO and human serum albumin (HSA). Under the collaborative constraint conditions, the core targets of CRO that regulate cardiovascular diseases are ADRA1A, ADRA1B, CHRM1, CHRM2, GABRA1, and PTGS2; This study incorporates spectroscopy and molecular docking as constraints into the network pharmacological analysis, which significantly improves the credibility of network pharmacological analysis compared with unconstrained conditions. This method provides theoretical references for the in‐depth study of the mechanism between active substances and protein targets for other medicines in network pharmacology.
Metallaphotoredox C−O and C−N Cross‐Coupling Using Donor‐Acceptor Cyanoarene Photocatalysts
Authors: Gandini Tommaso , Dolcini Luigi , Di Leo Lorenzo , Fornara Matthieu , Bossi Alberto , Penconi Marta , Dal Corso Alberto , Gennari Cesare , Pignataro Luca
Published: October 2022

Herein we report a study on the use of donor‐acceptor cyanoarenes as photocatalysts for C−O and C−N coupling reactions promoted by nickel. We found that some of these stable and readily available organic compounds can replace the precious metal photocatalysts originally employed in these methodologies. After reaction optimization, the application scope of the best performing dyes was investigated and found to cover several nucleophiles (alcohols and amines) and aryl bromides. Control experiments, fluorescence quenching studies and examination of yield trends suggest that both etherification and amination probably proceed via a dark NiI/NiIII‐catalytic cycle initiated and sustained by a photoredox cycle involving the organic photocatalysts.
Optimal Balance in the Catalyst Dynamics Enables C(2)−H Arylation of (Benz)imidazoles and (Benz)oxazoles by an In Situ‐Generated Ni/NHC System
Authors: Khazipov Oleg V. , Shepelenko Konstantin E. , Soliev Safarmurod B. , Nikolaeva Ksenia A. , Chernyshev Victor M. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: October 2022

An efficient method for the C(2)−H arylation of (benz)imidazoles and (benz)oxazoles with aryl chlorides and aryl bromides under Ni/NHC catalysis has been developed. The main benefit of the method is the in situ generation of active Ni/NHC complexes from the air‐tolerant bench‐stable precursors NiCl2Py2, IMes⋅HCl, and potassium tert‐butoxide, which plays a dual role as base and Ni(II) to Ni(0) reductant. The approach represents a user‐friendly alternative for procedures relying on the use of toxic phosphine ligands or unstable air‐sensitive Ni(cod)2. The concept highlighted in the present study shows that mapping a competitive picture of catalyst dynamics and revealing the competitive processes towards the destruction and stabilization of catalytically active species enables a highly efficient catalytic system to be built under simple conditions.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Lignocellulosic Biomass Model Compounds Furfural and Vanillin with Ethanol by an Air‐stable Iron(II) Complex
Authors: Ghosh Rahul , Behera Rakesh R. , Panda Surajit , Behera Sandeep K. , Jana Narayan Ch. , Bagh Bidraha
Published: October 2022

The chemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into various fine chemicals is the necessity for sustainable developments. A significant research interest has been devoted to develop catalysts for the reduction of cellulose and lignin model compounds furfural and vanillin, respectively. An iron(II) complex (1) was readily synthesized by facile coordination of NNO pincer ligand with FeCl2.4H2O. The air‐stable complex 1 was efficiently utilized for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural and vanillin using ecologically benign but challenging primary alcohol ethanol. Secondary alcohol isopropanol was also utilized. Various other biomass model compounds and structurally related aldehydes were also effectively reduced. Kinetic studies suggested first order kinetics in catalyst and zeroth order in substrate. Based on the experimental evidences and published reports, a catalytic cycle is proposed which proceed via iron(II)‐dialkoxides and alkoxide‐hydride intermediates. Finally, CHEM21 green metrics toolkit was utilized to evaluate the sustainable and green credentials of the catalytic protocols.
Carbonyl‐Containing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Narrow‐Band Electroluminescence
Authors: Yu You‐Jun , Liu Fu‐Ming , Meng Xin‐Yue , Ding Ling‐Yi , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Jiang Zuo‐Quan
Published: October 2022

Carbonyl‐containing derivatives show enduring vitality in the field of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials; they can realize high device efficiency by using both singlet and triplet excitons for electroluminescence. Recently, a system based on fused ketone/amine exhibited huge potential for constructing multi‐resonance TADF (MR‐TADF) emitters, which exhibit higher narrow‐band emission than conventional TADF emitters with twisted donor‐acceptor (D‐A) structure. Herein, we summarize current research progress in both traditional and MR‐type ketone derivatives with TADF characteristics for introducing the molecular design strategy of maintaining high device efficiency while keeping narrow‐band emission profile. We hope this review can inspire the emergence of more high‐performance narrow‐band materials.
Interfacial C−S Bonds of g‐C3N4/Bi19Br3S27 S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction**
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Zhang Jinfeng , Wang Zhongliao , Fu Junwei , Li Simin , Dai Kai , Liu Min
Published: October 2022

Step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunctions have been extensively studied in photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction due to their excellent charge separation and high redox ability. The built‐in electric field at the interface of a S‐scheme heterojunction serves as the driving force for charge transfer, however, the poor interfacial contact greatly restricts the carrier migration rate. Herein, we synthesized the g‐C3N4/Bi19Br3S27 S‐scheme heterostructure through in situ deposition of Bi19Br3S27 (BBS) on porous g‐C3N4 (P‐CN) nanosheets. The C−S bonds formed at the interface help to enhance the built‐in electric field, thereby promoting the charge transfer and separation. As a result, the CO2 reduction reaction performance of 10 %Bi19Br3S27/g‐C3N4 (BBS/P‐CN) reaches 32.78 μmol g−1h−1, which is 341.4 and 18.7 times higher than that of pure BBS and P‐CN, respectively. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) prove the presence of chemical bonds (C−S) between the P‐CN and BBS. The S‐scheme charge‐transfer mechanism was analyzed via XPS and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work provides a new idea for designing heterojunction photocatalysts with interfacial chemical bonds to achieve high charge‐transfer and catalytic activity.
Tuning the Photocatalytic Performance of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Complexes Via Ligand Modification for Visible‐Light‐Induced Phosphorylation of Tertiary Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Mahmood Zafar , He Jia , Cai Shuqing , Yuan Zhanxiang , Liang Hui , Chen Qian , Huo Yanping , König Burkhard , Ji Shaomin
Published: October 2022

Tuning the redox potential of commonly available photocatalyst to improve the catalytic performance or expand its scope for challenging synthetic conversions is an ongoing demand in synthetic chemistry. Herein, the excited state properties and redox potential of commercially available [Ru(bpy)3]2+ photocatalyst were tuned by modifying the structure of the bipyridine ligands with electron‐donating/withdrawing units. The visible‐light‐mediated photoredox phosphorylation of tertiary aliphatic amines was demonstrated under mild conditions. A series of cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reactions were performed employing the RuII complexes as photocatalyst giving the corresponding α‐aminophosphinoxides and α‐aminophosphonates via carbon‐phosphorus (C−P) bond formation.
Advanced Covalent Organic Frameworks for Multi‐Valent Metal Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Xiao‐Xi , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Ang Edison Huixiang , Zhang Kai‐Yang , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Lü Hong‐Yan , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: October 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received increased interest in recent years as an advanced class of materials. By virtue of the available monomers, multiple conformations and various linkages, COFs offer a wide range of opportunities for complex structural design and specific functional development of materials, which has facilitated the widespread application in many fields, including multi‐valent metal ion batteries (MVMIBs), described as the attractive candidate replacing lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). With their robust skeletons, diverse pores, flexible structures and abundant functional groups, COFs are expected to help realize a high performance MVMIBs. In this review, we present an overview of COFs, describe advances in topology design and synthetic reactions, and study the application of COFs in MVMIBs, as well as discuss challenges and solutions in the preparation of COFs electrodes, in the hope of providing constructive insights into the future direction of COFs.
Embedded nanoFeCu for sewage treatment: Laboratory‐scale and pilot studies
Authors: Chan Mieow Kee , Kumaran Prasilla , Thomas Xavier Vigneswaran , Natasha Eva , Tee Yi Shen , Mohd Aris Alijah , Ho Yoke Ping , Khor Bee Chin
Published: October 2022

Bimetallic nanoparticles have been widely studied for wastewater treatment, but the study of nanoFeCu for sewage treatment is minimal. In the previous work, ammonia was removed by nanoFeCu via an oxidation reaction, and nitrogen gas was released. However, the performance and reusability of nanoFeCu in treating industrial wastewater have not been reported elsewhere. This study revealed the performance of nanoFeCu for sewage treatment on both laboratory‐scale and pilot‐scale for the first time. A varied mass of embedded nanoFeCu (eFeCu4) was exposed to sewage water, and the quality of the effluent was measured in terms of ammonia, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Fe2+ and Cu2+ concentrations were measured to determine the stability of eFeCu4 in nine reuse cycles. Results showed that the laboratory‐scale experiment removed 20%–30% ammonia from sewage. A similar removal rate was reported in all nine cycles of reuse, which confirmed the usability and reliability of eFeCu4. In the pilot‐scale study, ammonia was removed from ~22.3 to ~4.8 mg/L, while BOD and COD were reduced from ~204 to ~56 mg/L and ~71 to ~39.7 mg/L, respectively. The treated effluent quality complies with the effluent discharge standard of Malaysia, and it is also comparable with the effluent quality at sewage treatment plants in Malaysia and overseas. In conclusion, nanoFeCu could be an alternative method for sewage treatment due to its stability and pollutant removal performance. A sustainability and cost‐effectiveness study should be conducted to determine the feasibility of a full‐scale application.
Facile Synthesis of Chiral α‐Hydroxy Ketones by a Ni‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Hydrometallation–CO Insertion–Enantioconvergent Alkylation Cascade
Authors: Chen Jian , Deng Gao , Wang You , Zhu Shaolin
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

NiH‐catalyzed multicomponent reductive hydrofunctionalization of alkenes is an attractive but poorly explored approach to rapidly increasing molecular complexity. In this process, the selective generation of the desired product can be challenging. Herein, we report that a highly chemo‐, regio‐ and enantioselective reductive hydrocarbonylation of alkenes has been achieved using a chloroformate ester as a source of CO. A wide range of structurally diverse α‐hydroxy ketones, privileged structural elements in bioactive molecules and useful building blocks, were obtained from such reactions with high enantiomeric purity.
Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors: From Electrode Fabrication to Cell Mechanotransduction Monitoring†
Authors: Fan Wen‐Ting , Huang Wei‐Hua , Liu Yan‐Ling
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Electrochemical sensing faces huge challenges in characterizing the transient release of biochemical molecules from deformed cells, due to the severely mechanical mismatch between rigid electrodes and soft cells. In recent years, the emergence of stretchable electrochemical sensors has made a breakthrough by complying with the deformation of living cells and simultaneous monitoring of mechanically evoked biochemical signals. This review first summarizes two fundamental strategies for the fabrication of stretchable electrodes from the points of structure and material. Next, recent progresses in construction of functionalized interface to improve the performance of stretchable electrochemical sensors are presented. Then, the application of stretchable electrochemical sensors in real‐time monitoring of biomolecules released by mechanically sensitive cells is introduced. Finally, some perspectives and challenges of stretchable electrochemical sensors regarding cell detection are discussed.

What is the favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

The design and construction of electrochemical sensing platform for real‐time monitoring of life activities.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Innovative spirit, strong curiosity and persistence.

How do you supervise your students?

Encourage students to think much and eager to innovate.

What are your hobbies?

I like music and playing badminton.

Who influences you mostly in your life?

My family and collaborators.

Could you please give us some advices on improving Chinese Journal of Chemistry?

Focusing on the originality of the manuscript.
Surface‐EnhancedRaman Spectroscopy: Principles, Methods, and Applications in Energy Systems†
Authors: He Quan‐Feng , Zhang Yu‐Jin , Yang Zhi‐Lan , Dong Jin‐Chao , Lin Xiu‐Mei , Li Jian‐Feng
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has advanced significantly since its inception. Numerous experimental and theoretical efforts have been made to understand the SERS effect and demonstrate its potential. Due to its extremely high sensitivity and selectivity and ability to provide molecular fingerprint information, SERS has a wide range of applications in surface and interfacial chemistry, energy, materials, biomedicine, environmental analysis,etc. This review aims to provide readers with an understanding of the principles, methodologies, and applications of SERS. We briefly introduce the fundamental theory of the SERS enhancement mechanism and summarize the details of the preparation of SERS‐active substrates. Recent applications of SERS in energy systems are then highlighted, including probing surface reactions and interfacial charge transfer of batteries and electrocatalysts. Finally, the challenges and prospects of SERS research are discussed.
Light‐Responsive Polyblend Films with Reconfigurable Surface Micropatterns as Rewritable Information Storage Media
Authors: Chen Jian , Yang Xiaoyu , Chen Jie , Azhar Umair , Chen Feiyan , Zhu Ruijie , Zhou Chunhua , Jiang Shichun , Wang Wei , Xu Peiming , Zong Chuanyong
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Stimulus‐sensitive surfaces with tunable morphologies exhibit a wide range of applications in the fields of surface science and engineering. Herein, a cost‐effective yet practical strategy is proposed to fabricate photo‐sensitive patterning surface on film/substrate wrinkle system based on an azo‐containing polyblend. By manipulating the stress field of the bilayer system globally and/or locally upon the stress relaxation triggered by the reversible cis‐trans isomerization of the azobenzene, heating/cooling triggered surface wrinkles on the polyblend films could be tailor‐made with visible‐light‐irradiation. Notably, upon selective photo‐irradiation, bespoke surface patterns may be cyclically generated or eliminated, allowing these reconfigurable patterned polyblend surfaces to be used as rewritable information storage media for non‐ink printing. The as‐prepared photo‐printed information patterns with high‐resolution are shown to be rewritable for multiple cycles and legible for over 90 d in dark ambient conditions. This study not only provides a versatile strategy for flourishing the stimulus‐sensitive systems, but also sheds light on the stress relaxation‐triggered morphological evolution of the wrinkling polyblend films.
Rigid POSS Nanofiller Regulated the Interfacial Self‐assembly of Particles into 2D Monolayer Superlattice with Fixed Interparticle Spacing†
Authors: Zhao Yu , Wang Xiaoyuan , Luo Xiaoning , Song Liping , Su Fengmei , Huang Youju
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Plasmonic superlattices of nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique “surface lattice resonances” properties that facilitates their wide applications in plasmonic sensing, photocatalysis, and nanoscale light manipulation. However, it is still challenging to manufacture superlattices with precisely controllable NPs distance and break the size limitation of NPs. Herein, we provided an effective strategy to construct NPs superlattices via shape‐persistent polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) molecular nanoparticles govern interfacial assembly. As a nanoscale molecule with diameter of 1.5 nm, the POSS‐SH molecule provides sufficient rigid steric hindrance and hydrophobic effect for tailoring the uniformity and controllable distance between NPs in superlattices. Interestingly, synergistically with hydrophilic ligands of polyethylene glycol (PEG‐SH) with optimized ratio, the rigid POSS ligands can effectively regulate the distance between NPs in a fixed range of 2.3—2.8 nm, which is independent of ligands molecular weight and particle size. Furthermore, the effective approach can be universal to anisotropic NPs for manufacturing monolayer films with high NPs density. We believe this nanoscale molecule tailored interfacial self‐assembly strategy can effectively break the size of NPs and assembly obstacles for superlattice monolayer film. Additionally, the definite distance between NPs in superlattices can minimize optical energy attenuation and facilitates the applications such as surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and photocatalysis.
Strategies toward Metal‐Free Carbon Monoxide Prodrugs: An Update
Authors: Min Qingqiang , Ji Xingyue
Published: October 2022

Carbon monoxide is an important gasotransmitter in mammals, with pleiotropic therapeutic potential against a wide range of human diseases. However, clinical translation of CO is severely hampered by the lack of a reliable CO delivery form. The development of metal‐free CO prodrugs is the key to resolving such delivery issues. Over the past three years, some new exciting progress has been made in this field. In this review, we highlight these advances and discuss related issues.
Association of neighborhood‐level social determinants of health with psychosocial distress in patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer
Authors: Emidio Oluwabunmi M. , Cutrona Sarah L. , Person Sharina D. , Mazor Kathleen M. , Frisard Christine , Lemon Stephenie C.
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim

Patients with lung cancer experience high rates of psychosocial distress. They are also more likely to have unresolved, unmet social needs which may contribute to psychosocial distress. Despite this, neighborhood‐level social determinants of health (SDOH) in relation to psychosocial distress have not been adequately investigated in patients with lung cancer. The goal of this study is to examine the association between neighborhood‐level SDOH and psychosocial distress among a sample of newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included newly diagnosed, adult lung cancer patients from an accredited cancer center. Psychosocial distress was measured with the Distress Thermometer. Neighborhood‐level SDOH indicators for income and education were used to create a composite SDOH variable categorized into low, medium, and high deprivation levels. Covariates were age, gender, race/ethnicity, comorbidity index, cancer stage, and insurance status. Using multivariate logistic regression modeling, the association of psychosocial distress with the neighborhood‐level SDOH was examined.

Results

The prevalence of psychosocial distress in the sample was 58.4%. Neighborhood‐level SDOH indicators were not significantly associated with psychosocial distress. Higher odds of psychosocial distress were significantly associated with being female and having distant or regional cancer versus localized cancer. The age group 66–75 years was significantly associated with lower distress compared with those aged <65 years.

Conclusions

Psychosocial distress was consistently high across all the SDOH deprivation categories; but these neighborhood‐level SDOH indicators do not appear to be predictive of psychosocial distress at the time of diagnosis of lung cancer.
Prescriber Perspectives on Biosimilar Adoption and Potential Role of Clinical Pharmacology: A Workshop Summary
Authors: Shubow Sophie , Sun Qin , Nguyen Phan Ai Len , Hammell Dana C. , Kane Maureen , Lyman Gary H. , Gibofsky Allan , Lichtenstein Gary R. , Bloomgarden Zachary , Cross Raymond K. , Yim Sarah , Polli James E. , Wang Yow‐Ming
Published: October 2022

The approval and adoption of biosimilar products are essential to contain increasing healthcare costs and provide more affordable choices for patients. Despite steady progress in the number of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) biosimilar approvals over the years, biosimilar adoption in the United States has been slow and gradual, largely driven by payers rather than clinicians. In order to better understand the barriers to biosimilar adoption in the clinic, the University of Maryland Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (M‐CERSI) and the FDA jointly hosted a virtual workshop on April 13, 2022, titled “Biosimilars: A Decade of Experience and Future Directions – Strategies for Improving Biosimilar Adoption and the Potential Role of Clinical Pharmacology.” This summary documents the experiences of four leading academic clinicians with specialties in oncology, rheumatology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology and their perspectives on how to increase biosimilar adoption, including the role of clinical pharmacology. Besides systemic changes in pricing and reimbursement, there is a need for additional education of a broad range of providers, including advanced care practitioners, and patients themselves. Educational efforts highlighting the rigor of the studies that support the approval of biosimilars—including the clinical pharmacology studies—and the benefits of biosimilars, can play a major role in improving biosimilar acceptance.
Digital learning experiences and spaces: Learning from the past to design better pedagogical and curricular futures
Authors: Bough Ashley , Martinez Sainz Gabriela
Published: October 2022

Over 60 years of technology development, transformation of educational policy and curriculum innovation in Ireland have resulted in the introduction of the Computer Science (CS) subject in Post‐Primary (PP) Education. CS has always been conceived digitally and the Digital Learning Experiences (DLE) enacted through its curriculum are strongly interconnected to the opportunities and limitations offered by Digital Spaces (DS). However, key challenges have been identified for the successful implementation of CSE, from teachers' digital competencies and educational strategies in the classroom to learners' varying experiences of CSE. Through a systematic literature review of the educational policies and practices in Ireland's Educational System, this paper documents the digital evolution from the 1960s accounting for the CS curriculum. The literature review identifies key themes in how DS have been conceptualised through CSE, responding to learners' needs and teachers' skills and competencies, informed by emerging societal demands by providing evidence on the disparity between educational policy and practice for DS. Building upon the identified themes, this paper emphasises the importance of the design and implementation of DLE in DS such as the CS subject that considers historical lessons learned to respond to the uncertainties of the digital future.
Circularly polarized patch antenna with simultaneously wide frequency tuning range and high gain performance
Authors: Deng Lianwen , Liu Long , Zhou Daohan , Tang Chao , Huang Shengxiang , Gao Xiaohui , Qiu Lei‐Lei
Published: October 2022

A tunable circularly polarized square patch antenna with parasitic elements is designed for a wide frequency tuning range and high gain characteristics. The proposed antenna is constructed by one main patch and four semi‐elliptic parasitic units. By loading four varactor diodes and adjusting their capacitance values, the tunable feature is performed to reallocate the corresponding working frequency. Moreover, the diagonal corners of the antenna are cut and loaded with varactor diodes, which provide the appropriate perturbation between the two orthogonality modes of the antenna, so as to ensure the circular polarization characteristic in the entire operating tuning band. The experimental results demonstrate that the reflection coefficient and axial ratio are less than −13 dB and 3 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna features a relatively wide continuously tuning range of 24% within 1.9‐2.3 GHz and a stable gain of over 7 dBi with a radiation efficiency of above 85%.
Carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics of the Clydach Valley Subgroup, Courceyan, South Wales‐Mendip shelf, UK
Authors: Raven Madeleine J.
Published: October 2022

The Clydach Valley Subgroup (Courceyan) records a dip section through an Early Carboniferous shallow marine, carbonate shelf and consists of three oolitic formations separated by paludal/peritidal units with abundant evidence of subaerial exposure in proximal areas. The lower part correlates with the Kinderhookian–Osagean Boundary Excursion, with allochem data indicating a minimum δ13C value for marine carbonate of +4.5‰, with associated δ18O of −4.6‰. Marine carbonate δ13C and δ18O values of +2‰ and −2‰, respectively, were estimated for the younger part. Allochem isotopic data yield a well‐defined mixing line consistent with stabilisation in meteoric water at varied water: rock ratios, the degree of stabilisation increasing up‐dip and up‐stratigraphy. Two distinct diagenetic styles closely correlate with evidence for the presence (Diagenetic Regime 1) or absence (Diagenetic Regime 2) of subaerial exposure, non‐ferroan and ferroan calcite cement dominating respectively. Five cement zones (Zones 2–6) defined by iron content occur in Diagenetic Regime 1, irrespective of formation, indicating a similar sequence of palaeohydrological changes affected repeated depositional cycles. Zones 3–5 are considered meteoric based on their isotopic composition (δ18O: −5.8 to −11.1‰ and δ13C: −3.7 to −6.2‰) and form distinct clusters dependent on zone, age and location. Pedogenic carbonates and meteoric cements record a long term increase in meteoric δ18O values: −7.8‰ during the Kinderhookian–Osagean Boundary Excursion, −6.9‰ during diagenesis of the upper part of the subgroup and −6.3‰ associated with initial deposition of the overlying Llanelly Formation. This is consistent with global sea water trends, but an element of climate change cannot be ruled out. Increases in cement δ18O values as meteoric systems become established (Zone 3–4) indicate repeated short term variation in rainwater composition probably driven by climate change, but also suggests a link between climate and the depositional cycle.
Potential impact of land‐use change on habitat quality in the distribution range of crocodile lizards in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Qin Xudong , Alvarez Facundo , Chen Zening , Wu Zhengjun
Published: October 2022

The over‐exploitation of land resources poses a serious threat to biodiversity on a global scale. Changes in land‐use and human exploitation have had a major impact on wild populations and their habitat in China. We assessed how habitat quality has changed over time (1995–2020). Specifically, we analyzed how the habitat quality of crocodile lizard has changed over time based on multi‐temporal land‐use data (1995, 2000, 2010, 2015 and 2020) using a land‐use transfer matrix and habitat quality model. The results showed that the main landscape types in the study area were arable land (21.21% of the area) and woodland (69.59% of the area) during the period. Construction land (land used for development) had decreased by 991 km2, a decrease rate of 59.84% from 1995 to 2000, and increased to 2349 km2, an increase rate of 71.69% from 2000 to 2020. The proportion of grasslands and areas with water were negligible and overall, did not vary significantly in size over the study period. The main feature of land use change in the study area was the loss of grasslands and woodlands through development. The habitat quality model indicated that habitat quality was highest and degradation was lowest in Dayao mountain, Guxiu town, Qichong village and Beituo town. Habitat quality improved in Daguishan and Luokeng areas. Habitat quality was good in Daping mountain and Linzhouding, but they were highly fragmented with patches of low‐quality habitat of varying sizes. Habitats were severely degraded in the Dateng Gorge area. The rate of habitat degradation has slowed over time in the study area, but gradually increased in degradation intensity, and low‐quality habitats were widely distributed and overlapped with the crocodile lizards distribution area. We recommend that protected areas for the crocodile lizard be more closely monitored and managed to halt further decline in habitat quality.
Variations of trophic structure and niche space in fish community along a highly regulated subtropical large river
Authors: Ru Huijun , Zhong Liqiao , Wei Nian , Li Yunfeng , Sheng Qiang , Ni Zhaohui
Published: October 2022

The trophic interactions between consumers and resources play a vital role in the stability of communities. In river systems, fragmentation of natural habitats and environmental changes alters the energy basis and community composition, consequently leading to variations in the community's trophic structure and niche space. However, our understanding of how the trophic structure responds to environmental changes is still very limited. Here, based on stable isotope data, we explored and compared trophic positions (TPs), community‐wide trophic metrics, and isotope niche space of fish communities in three reaches with different hydrogeomorphic conditions along a highly regulated subtropical river over three seasons. The community trophic structure and niche space showed notable spatiotemporal variations. Overall, the downstream reach had lower TPs, trophic diversity but higher trophic redundancy. The middle reach occupied a wider isotope niche space than other reaches, with the largest niche size during autumn. Furthermore, the niche overlap was relatively high in winter between reaches and in the downstream between seasons. The results implied a homogenization of feeding functional groups and energy flow pathways of species in the downstream community associated with the change of energy source and stability of hydrological conditions. The relationship between trophic structure and environmental factors suggested that the dam‐induced alteration in hydrological‐related aspects may drive the changes in the functional group composition, together with changes in energy basis, resulting in differences in the trophic structure of the community. The results of the present study deepen our understanding of how ecosystem functions respond to disturbance, thus contributing to improved ability to conserve river ecosystems.
Assist control for human‐robot cooperative transportation systems using nonlinear disturbance observer
Authors: Okura Yuki , Nakada Tomohiro , Kojima Chiaki
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we investigate an assist control for a system in which a human and a robot cooperate to transport an object toward a designated position and angle. We consider a situation where the force due to the human to the object cannot be measured directly. In order to tackle this situation, an assist control with a nonlinear disturbance observer is proposed. By using the observer, we estimate the control input due to the human from position and angle of the object. Moreover, we design the control input by the robot to assist the human input based on the estimates by the disturbance observer. The effectiveness of the proposed method is discussed by numerical simulations for the minimum jerk model.
Regional‐scale partitioning of transmission losses and groundwater recharge using satellite estimates of actual evapotranspiration in an arid environment
Authors: Crosbie Russell S. , Holland Kate L. , McVicar Tim R.
Published: October 2022

Rivers in arid regions often rely on flow generated from wetter regions upstream, leading to high transmission losses of downstream flows. These transmission losses support a range of ecosystems, but partitioning the volume of the transmission losses across the floodplain, riparian zone and in‐channel is difficult. This study presents a methodology relying primarily on multi‐decade satellite remotely sensed actual evapotranspiration estimates to partition these losses. The method was applied to the ~40,000 km2 floodplain of Cooper Creek in the central Australian arid zone, where first, the alluvial landscape was classified based on actual evapotranspiration rates, and second, both regional‐ (i.e., for the entire floodplain) and local‐scale (i.e., for each waterhole) water balances were calculated to partition these losses. Regional‐scale results estimated that 82% of transmission losses occurred on the floodplain, 13% in the riparian zone and 5% from open water in the river channel and waterholes. These results showed that a refinement of the conceptual model of recharge from the waterholes is necessary as vast areas of the riparian zone are likely to be accessing a shallow freshwater lens rather than a discrete freshwater lens below the permanent waterholes. This method can be used in other data‐poor arid river systems as it uses globally accessible data sources.
Exergaming in patients with a left ventricular assist device: a feasibility study
Authors: Hammer Yoav , Shaul Aviv A. , Ben‐Avraham Binyamin , Zadok Osnat Itzhaki Ben , Barac Yaron D. , Rubchevsky Victor , Yaari Vicky , Gutrov Ema , Strömberg Anna , Klompstra Leonie , Jaarsma Tiny , Ben‐Gal Tuvia
Published: October 2022

Aims

Exercise games (exergames) have been recently proposed as a mode of facilitating physical activity in patients with chronic diseases. Although patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) benefit from physical activity, specific LVAD‐related issues hinder their ability to exercise properly. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of exergaming in LVAD‐supported patients.

Methods and results

Eleven LVAD‐supported patients were enrolled in a 4 week exergaming programme using Nintendo Wii console with five sport games. Patients were instructed to play for 30 min a day, 5 days a week. Data on exercise capacity and exergaming were collected by using the 6 min walk test (6MWT) and a daily self‐report diary, respectively. Feasibility of using the console and its safety was assessed by a semi‐structured patient interview. Quality of life was assessed by the Minnesota Living with Heart failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and the Cantril's Ladder of Life. Safety was assessed by patient's report in interview and diary. The study group consisted of 10 male patients and 1 female patient, mean age of 67 ± 7 years, of whom 10 were supported with the HeartMate 3 LVAD for a median of 10 (interquartile range 3, 21) months. Baseline exercise capacity assessed by the 6MWT ranged from 240 to 570 m (mean 448 ± 112). After 4 weeks of exergaming, 6MWT distance increased from a mean of 448 ± 112 (evaluated in six patients) to 472 ± 113 m (P = 0.023). Patients' Cantril's Ladder of Life score improved numerically from an average of 6.13 to 7.67, as did their MLHFQ score from 45.9 ± 27 to 38.7 ± 18, with higher and lower scores, respectively, reflecting higher quality of life. No specific LVAD‐related safety issues regarding exergaming were reported.

Conclusions

Exergaming was found to be a safe and feasible mode for encouraging physical activity in LVAD‐supported patients and carries a potential for improving exercise capacity and quality of life in these patients. Larger scale studies are warranted to further investigate the effect of exergaming in this patient population.
Stereoselective Production of Imino‐d‐ribitol and C‐Azanucleosides through Electrochemical C−H Functionalization
Authors: Morizumi Haruka , Okamoto Kazuhiro , Akahane Shinnosuke , Takemae Hitoshi , Oba Mami , Okada Yohei , Kitano Yoshikazu , Mizutani Tetsuya , Chiba Kazuhiro
Published: October 2022

Herein, we report a practical method for de novo preparation of imino‐d‐ribitol and C‐azanucleosides. The diastereopure Imino‐d‐ribitol was synthesized on a multigram scale by simple manipulation, and late‐stage anomeric derivatization by regio‐ and diastereoselective electrochemical C(sp3)−H activation enabled the efficient synthesis of the corresponding C‐azanucleosides with high β‐selectivity.
A multiple‐input, multiple‐output broadcasting system with space, time, polarization, and labeling diversity
Authors: Patel Sulaiman Saleem , Quazi Tahmid
Published: October 2022

Enhancing the reliability of wireless links plays an important role in addressing the digital divide between under‐developed and developed nations. Diversity techniques are used in wireless communication to improve link reliability. This article presents a broadcasting system that incorporates space, time, polarization and labeling diversity. The key challenge in incorporating labeling diversity into a system is the design of appropriate bit‐to‐symbol mappers. The latest technique to designing bit‐to‐symbol mappers is to use a genetic algorithm approach, which is applicable to any generic modulation scheme. This article presents a modified genetic algorithm mapper design algorithm based on recent advances in labeling diversity evaluation theory. The proposed system is studied under ideal (uncorrelated) conditions, as well as in the presence of inter‐beam and inter‐antenna inference (correlated conditions). Analytical expressions are presented to model both the correlated and uncorrelated systems, and are verified via Monte Carlo simulations. When compared to the best comparable scheme at a bit‐error‐rate of , results show that the proposed system improves performance by 7 dB for a 16APSK system configuration, and by 5 dB for both 32APSK and 64APSK system configurations. Results also show that the proposed system is highly sensitive to correlation at the transmitting node. In particular, transmit‐side correlation degrades link reliability by 4 orders of magnitude for the 8APSK configuration studied at 25 dB.
Quality of Service aware secure data transmission model for Internet of Things assisted wireless sensor networks
Authors: Velmurugadass P. , Dhanasekaran S. , Anand S. Shasi , Vasudevan V.
Published: October 2022

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are the most critical networks in developing various Internet of Things (IoT) based applications. However, such intelligent devices have drawbacks for energy, memory, processing, and computation resources. In addition, achieving Quality of Service (QoS) with secure data transmission (DT) is a significant challenge for WSNs. This article proposes efficient IoT authentication and energy‐aware safe DT models for achieving better QoS and security with lower energy consumption (EC) in WSNs. Initially, the network randomly deploys the sensor nodes (SNs) and performs the registration of the SNs with the base station (BS). Second, the Entropy‐based Jaccard similarity induced fuzzy C‐means clustering (EJS‐FCM) model clusters the SNs based on the intrinsic qualities of nodes. Then the boosted grasshopper optimization algorithm (BGOA) selects the cluster heads (CHs) optimally by considering major fitness parameters such as communication distance, energy, and distance centroid. Following that, an Adler‐32 hashing‐based authentication scheme performs authentication of every IoT node deployed in the network to provide safer DT. After successful authentication, secure hash elliptical curve cryptography (SHECC) encrypts the data collected from the CHs by incorporating a hashing function both in encryption and decryption, enhancing the IoT data's security level. Finally, in a cloud server (CS), the decentralized blockchain (BC) stores the encrypted data and the authentication credentials of the IoT devices from the BS, which provide additional security to the network. The results of the presented model show its performance efficiency over existing approaches for energy efficiency (EE), QoS, and security.
The science behind “values”: Applying moral foundations theory to strategic foresight
Authors: Mills Brent , Wilner Alex
Published: October 2022

“Values” play an oversized role in strategic foresight: they help define scanning frameworks, direct scanning efforts, inform change driver and scenario development, and underpin change within various systems and domains (e.g., politics, society, etc.). And yet, values are largely understudied within foresight. They are rarely defined consistently or explored with reference to a theoretical model of how values emerge or evolve. Rather, values are researched using dissimilar methods depending on the foresight research at hand, which can lead to gaps in analysis and inconsistency between foresight projects. Moral Foundations Theory (MFT), a social psychological theory that identifies common human moral values, offers a solution. MFT describes six moral values or “foundations”—care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity, and liberty—each explained through the evolutionary development of humanity and detectable across cultures. Within foresight, MFT can be applied to understand and identify shifts in the influence of different values, which can result in more novel and unexpected conclusions. With these potential benefits available, we propose adopting and adapting MFT for use within the foresight to improve the way it approaches, identifies, and utilizes values. Our article unpacks MFT into its core tenets and illustrates how it can be used to inform scanning, change driver development, and scenario construction.