bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The High-energy Spectrum of the Nearby Planet-hosting Inactive Mid-M Dwarf LHS 3844
Authors: Diamond-Lowe Hannah , Youngblood Allison , Charbonneau David , King George , Teal D. J. , Bastelberger Sandra , Corrales Lia , Kempton Eliza M.-R.
Published: June 2021

To fully characterize the atmospheres, or lack thereof, of terrestrial exoplanets, we must include the high-energy environments provided by their host stars. The nearby mid-M dwarf LHS 3844 hosts a terrestrial world that lacks a substantial atmosphere. We present a time-series UV spectrum of LHS 3844 from 1131 to 3215 Å captured by HST/COS. We detect one flare in the FUV that has an absolute energy of 8.96 ± 0.77 × 1028 erg and an equivalent duration of 355 ± 31 s. We extract the flare and quiescent UV spectra separately. For each spectrum, we estimate the Lyα flux using correlations between UV line strengths. We use Swift-XRT to place an upper limit on the soft X-ray flux and construct a differential emission model to estimate flux that is obscured by the interstellar medium. We compare the differential emission model flux estimates in the XUV to other methods that rely on scaling from the Lyα, Si iv, and N v lines in the UV. The XUV, FUV, and NUV flux of LHS 3844 relative to its bolometric luminosity is log10(L
band/L
Bol) =−3.65, −4.16, and −4.48, respectively, for the quiescent state. These values agree with trends in high-energy flux as a function of stellar effective temperature found by the MUSCLES survey for a sample of early-M dwarfs. Many of the most spectroscopically accessible terrestrial exoplanets orbit inactive mid-to-late M dwarfs like LHS 3844. Measurements of M dwarf high-energy spectra are preferable for exoplanet characterization but are not always possible. The spectrum of LHS 3844 is a useful proxy for the current radiation environment for these worlds.
The Influence of the Secular Perturbation of an Intermediate-mass Companion. II. Ejection of Hypervelocity Stars from the Galactic Center
Authors: Zheng 郑 Xiaochen 晓晨 , Lin 林 Douglas N. C. 潮 , Mao 毛 Shude 淑德
Published: June 2021

There is a population of stars with velocities in excess of 500 km s−1 relative to the Galactic center. Many, perhaps most, of these hypervelocity stars (HVSs) are B stars similar to the disk and S stars in a nuclear cluster around a supermassive black hole (SMBH) near Sgr A⋆. In Paper I of this series, we showed that the eccentricity of the stars emerged from a hypothetical disk around the SMBH that can be rapidly excited by the secular perturbation of its intermediate-mass companion (IMC), and we suggested IRS 13E as a potential candidate for the IMC. Here we show that this process leads to an influx of stars on parabolic orbits to the proximity of Sgr A⋆ on a secular timescale of a few megayears. This timescale is much shorter than the diffusion timescale into the lost cone through either the classical or the resonant relaxation. Precession of the highly eccentric stars’ longitude of periastron, relative to that of the IMC, brings them to its proximity within a few megayears. The IMC’s gravitational perturbation scatters a fraction of the stars from nearly parabolic to hyperbolic orbits with respect to the SMBH. Their follow-up close encounters with the SMBH induce them to escape with hypervelocity. This scenario is a variant of the hypothesis proposed by Hills based on the anticipated breakup of some progenitor binary stars in the proximity of the SMBH, and its main objective is to account for the limited life span of the known HVSs. We generalize our previous numerical simulations of this process with a much wider range of orbital configurations. We demonstrate the robustness and evaluate the efficiency of this channel of HVS formation. From these numerical simulations, we infer observable kinematic properties for the HVSs.
Parameterizing the Outflow from a Central Black Hole in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies: A 3D Hydrodynamic Simulation
Authors: Lanfranchi Gustavo A. , Hazenfratz Roberto , Caproni Anderson , Silk Joseph
Published: June 2021

Large galaxies harbor massive central black holes and their feedback exerts a substantial impact on their evolution. Recently, observations have suggested that dwarf galaxies might host black holes in their centers, but with lower masses (intermediate-mass black holes—IMBHs). The impact of IMBHs on the evolution of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), however, has so far not been properly analyzed. In this work, we investigate the effects of an outflow from an IMBH on gas dynamics in dSphs by means of noncosmological, three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, letting the galactic gas distribution evolve over 3 Gyr under the influence of the IMBH’s outflow and supernova feedback. All simulations have a numerical resolution of 20.0 pc cell−1. Two scenarios are considered to infer differences in the propagation of the outflow, one with a homogeneous interstellar medium (ISM) and another one with inhomogeneities caused by supernova feedback. A minimal initial speed and a minimal initial density are required for the outflow to propagate, with the values depending on the conditions of the medium. In an unperturbed medium, the outflow propagates freely in both directions with the same velocity (lower than the initial one), removing a small fraction of gas from the galaxy (the exact fraction depends on the initial physical conditions of the outflow). However, in an inhomogeneous ISM, the impact of the outflow is substantially reduced, and its contribution to the removal of gas from the galaxy is almost negligible.
Telmatometropsis fredyi gen. nov., sp. nov.: a new water strider from the Colombian Pacific region (Insecta, Hemiptera, Gerridae)
Authors: Mondragón-F. Silvia P. , Morales Irina , Moreira Felipe F. F.
Published: June 2021

A new genus of Gerridae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera) in the subfamily Trepobatinae,Telmatometropsisgen. nov., with a single included species,T. fredyisp.nov., is described from the Colombian Pacific region. Representatives of the new genus were collected in mangrove lagoons of Buenaventura Bay, Valle del Cauca Department. The new genus can be diagnosed by the relative proportions of the antennomeres, the shape of the male fore tarsus, and by the black markings on the head, thorax and abdomen.
Comment désigner les juifs pour écrire leur histoire ? Réflexions sur l’usage des catégories à travers l’exemple des populations juives d’Italie à l’époque moderne
Authors: Gasperoni Michael
Published: June 2021

Étudier et écrire l’histoire d’un groupe minoritaire comme les juifs est une opération aussi complexe que féconde pour analyser celle, plus générale, des sociétés d’Ancien Régime. Cette perspective permet en effet d’interroger sous un autre angle un certain nombre de phénomènes sociaux plus vastes, qui embrassent tant l’histoire politique et culturelle que l’histoire du droit et des institutions, ou encore l’histoire économique et sociale des sociétés du passé mais, aussi des sociétés contemporaines, dans la mesure où l’histoire des juifs a constitué, à bien des égards, un laboratoire, aussi bien en histoire que dans les sciences sociales, pour penser un certain nombre de catégories ou de concepts. Ces notions, parfois employées intuitivement ou inconsciemment par les chercheurs, sont ici présentées et appréhendées à travers un terrain de recherche particulier, celui de l’Italie moderne, qui a constitué un réceptacle pour les populations juives, solidement ancrées et intégrées dans le territoire et les cités de la péninsule, mais aussi discriminées d’un point de vue juridique, social ou encore économique.
Fonctionnement macro-syntaxique et dimension anaphorique des relatives produites post hoc : une analyse interactionnelle et multimodale
Authors: Stoenica Ioana-Maria , Pekarek Doehler Simona
Published: June 2021

Cet article examine l’usage des relatives incrémentées , produites post hoc , après des tours de parole potentiellement complets. L’analyse multimodale identifie les motivations fonctionnelles de ces relatives et décrit les aspects énonciatifs et pragmatiques soulignant leur fonctionnement macro-syntaxique. Cela entraîne une réinterprétation de leur dimension anaphorique et du statut syntaxique de leur pronom introducteur, envisagé comme un connecteur macro-syntaxique lié à l’organisation des tours de parole et des actions qui les composent.
Choix éditoriaux et adaptation d’un mythe littéraire. Quel Robinson abrégé pour le lecteur du XXI e siècle ?
Authors: Similowski Kathy
Published: June 2021

Écrit pour les adultes, le Robinson Crusoé de Daniel Defoe s’invite dans la littérature pour enfants. Il trouve sa place dans le catalogue de L’École des loisirs, dès 1977, avec une version réduite présentée par Bernard Noël. Une seconde version abrégée par Marie Pérouse-Battello est éditée en 2019. L’étude met en regard ces deux versions et compare trois chapitres significatifs avec celle de l’œuvre intégrale telle qu’elle résulte de la traduction de Pétrus Borel de 2019. L’étude qualitative se situe dans le cadre de l’analyse des discours pour saisir les transformations d’un discours source en discours cible. L’analyse de la seconde version permet de s’interroger sur les effets de l’abrègement dans la réception de l’œuvre et ses répercussions sur le rythme du récit et le portrait des personnages. Parce que cette forme d’adaptation, visuelle et verbale, est le plus souvent cachée, il appartient aux enseignants de la rendre didactiquement visible, afin que l’abrègement apparaisse comme une porte d’accès vers l’œuvre authentique.
Adaptations éditoriales et didactiques de L’Odyssée , pour quelles lectures de l’œuvre ?
Authors: Couteaux Cécile
Published: June 2021

Aux racines de la culture occidentale, L’Odyssée figure au programme de la classe de sixième en France, depuis 1938. Éditée dans de nombreuses collections scolaires, elle offre un exemple particulièrement riche des lectures variées induites, voire programmées, par des choix éditoriaux et didactiques. L’article les étudient notamment du point de vue des représentations de la culture antique, des liens de l’œuvre avec le présent et des valeurs interrogées. Pour éclairer le processus propre à la lecture scolaire de textes littéraires adaptés, une analyse des réponses à un questionnaire proposé à des enseignants de collège est présentée, afin de cerner les enjeux des modalités de lecture en classe et des choix d’édition. À l’issue d’une comparaison entre plusieurs adaptations actuellement sur le marché, l’étude se centre plus particulièrement sur le traitement de l’épisode violent du massacre des prétendants. L’ensemble montre que les éditions scolaires d’œuvres patrimoniales, doublées par un processus interprétatif lié aux choix didactiques des enseignants et suivies par la lecture des élèves crée une dynamique propre à maintenir un rapport vivant à la littérature, questionnant ainsi les liens entre réceptions et retours au texte dans ses différents états.
L’Homme qui plantait des arbres , de Jean Giono : une adaptation et des usages scolaires singuliers
Authors: Richard-Principalli Patricia
Published: June 2021

L’Homme qui plantait des arbres , de Jean Giono, figure continument dans la liste ministérielle de référence en littérature pour le cycle 3, depuis 2002 jusqu’à aujourd’hui, sous la forme d’une édition jeunesse recommandée, la collection « Folio Cadet », illustrée par Willi Glasauer. L’étude décrit ainsi un processus « juvénilisation » en deux étapes : d’abord par la publication en édition jeunesse, ensuite par l’introduction à l’école de cette édition via la préconisation ministérielle. Elle interroge cette adaptation et ses effets, en envisageant les caractéristiques du texte originel liées au contexte de son écriture. Elle montre également que l’adaptation, pour la collection de Gallimard, d’un texte initialement destiné à un lectorat adulte n’est ni réécrite, ni abrégée, ni traduite, révélant ainsi le rôle de cette adaptation dans l’usage que l’école fait du texte. Les zones d’ambigüité dont jouent l’auteur comme le texte, mais aussi l’édition jeunesse, expliquent à nos yeux le succès de cette œuvre, régulièrement étudiée à l’école primaire, dans un contexte d’urgence environnementale qui l’actualise.
Vers une pensée urbaine globale
Authors: Choplin Armelle , Ghorra-Gobin Cynthia
Published: June 2021

Ce numéro réunit articles, entretiens, portraits et témoignages qui ont pour objectif de saisir les processus qui lient la mondialisation et l’urbanisation. Nourri de la rencontre de deux géographes travaillant sur la mondialisation dans sa multidimensionnalité et dans ses marges, et sur les dynamiques urbaines en différentes régions de la planète, il interroge la pertinence des découpages traditionnels des études urbaines entre les Nords et les Suds. Les contributions éclairent la nouveauté urbaine au prisme de la mondialisation, ses temporalités et les formes qu’elle revêt. Elles mettent en évidence des réseaux et connexions parfois récents et inattendus qui se déploient et tendent à hiérarchiser des territoires tout en produisant des différences et inégalités à l’échelle locale. Croisant des références bibliographiques relevant des traditions scientifiques francophones et anglophones, ce numéro propose de participer au débat sur l’élaboration d’une pensée urbaine globale ( global urbanism ).
Géographie d’une surproduction. Tribulations d’invendus textiles dans le corridor Abidjan-Lagos
Authors: Le Borgne Nicolas
Published: June 2021

En Afrique de l’Ouest, des stocks de textiles neufs invendus sont quotidiennement écoulés. Provenant d’Asie et d’Europe, ces marchandises trouvent une place toute particulière sur des marchés : contrefaçons, fripes et vêtements dits « traditionnels » y sont commercialisés. Cet article étudie le développement d’une filière de (re)commercialisation des rebuts industriels textiles. Cet objet qu’est l’invendu invite à explorer les liens entre Nord et Sud mais aussi entre les différents pays du Sud, entre les périphéries de la mondialisation qui révèlent des logiques de surproduction et de leur gestion. Ce texte propose de suivre certaines marchandises et, avec elles, des personnes, des modes de production, des idées qui circulent le long du corridor urbain ouest-africain entre Abidjan et Lagos. Appréhender la circulation des invendus permet d’illustrer la mondialisation par le bas.
Les comédiennes-ouvrières à Hénin-Beaumont (2007-2019) : récit de la fabrique d’une pièce de théâtre engagée pour les Samsonite
Authors: Gallot Fanny , Ibos Caroline
Published: June 2021

En 2007, l’usine Samsonite située à Hénin-Beaumont est liquidée à la suite d’une faillite frauduleuse et deux cent cinquante salariés, principalement des ouvrières, perdent leur emploi. À côté de la bataille judiciaire et pour continuer la lutte, sept d’entre elles participent à l’écriture et jouent une pièce de théâtre sur l’histoire des Samsonite, On n’est pas que des valises ! . Issu d’un travail d’enquête mené par une historienne et une sociologue, l’article revient sur la fabrique d’une pièce de théâtre engagée pour envisager le jeu complexe de l’emboîtement des récits dans la construction mémorielle, à partir de l’analyse des sources orales collectées auprès des « comédiennes-ouvrières », notamment pour éclairer ce que la fiction théâtrale fige, trouble ou laisse de côté.
Les enjeux de la référence en crèche selon les professionnelles de la petite enfance et les parents : éclairage de la théorie de l’attachement
Authors: Violon Margot , Wendland Jaqueline
Published: June 2021

La référence consiste à désigner une professionnelle responsable de l’accueil d’un groupe d’enfants. Sa pertinence en crèche collective est soutenue par la théorie de l’attachement, mais n’a fait que très rarement l’objet de recherches empiriques. Dans cette étude, 20 professionnelles de 11 crèches françaises, pratiquant pour moitié la référence, ainsi que 20 mères, ont été interrogés sur les enjeux de cette pratique pour l’enfant, les parents et les professionnelles. Selon les participants, la présence d’une référente permet la création d’une relation sécurisante avec l’enfant, mais peut générer aussi une certaine insécurité en l’absence de cette professionnelle. L’intensité de l’attachement est mise en cause par les participants pour expliquer cet inconvénient, alors que les théoriciens de l’attachement accordent une importance plus centrale à la qualité du lien. Ce constat laisse entrevoir un manque de formation théorique des professionnelles qui se retrouvent aux prises avec des éprouvés affectifs qu’elles peinent à comprendre et à contenir.
La sécurité affective et le bien-être des enfants confiés : une analyse du vécu du placement à la lumière de la théorie de l’attachement
Authors: Toussaint Emmanuelle , Bacro Fabien
Published: June 2021

Cette étude s’intéresse au moment où le placement prend effet en prenant appui sur les témoignages des enfants eux-mêmes. Elle a pour objectifs de décrire les émotions éprouvées par les enfants au moment de la séparation et de l’accueil dans un nouveau lieu de vie telles qu’ils peuvent eux-mêmes les rapporter, et d’explorer les stratégies adaptatives mises en œuvre par les enfants pour faire face à la séparation. 15 enfants âgés de 10 à 18 ans ont été interrogés dans le cadre d’entretiens semi-directifs. Les données ont été traitées quantitativement et qualitativement avec le logiciel d’analyse sémantique Tropes et avec le scénario « Emotaix », qui permet de recenser et de catégoriser le lexique émotionnel présent dans les récits. L’analyse des résultats montre que les enfants ressentent majoritairement des émotions à valence négative au moment du placement. Les émotions les plus saillantes s’articulent autour de quatre catégories : l’anxiété, le mal-être et le trouble, le bien-être étant proportionnellement beaucoup moins représenté. À la lumière de la théorie de l’attachement, cette étude permet d’améliorer notre compréhension de l’expérience faite par les enfants au moment où le placement prend effet et de formuler des préconisations visant à mieux les accompagner.
Processus de changement chez des adolescents auteurs d’agirs violents sexuels : apport des épreuves projectives
Authors: Roman Pascal
Published: June 2021

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude exploratoire portant sur les processus de changement des adolescents auteurs de violences sexuelles qui bénéficient d’une prise en charge psychothérapeutique. La méthodologie repose sur une démarche de type longitudinale, avec un recueil de données issues des prises en charge groupales et de la passation d’épreuves projectives à deux temps du traitement. Les données projectives de neuf adolescents font l’objet de cet article (Rorschach et TAT proposés à huit mois d’intervalle en moyenne). L’analyse qualitative de ces données est conduite à partir de cinq axes, établis à partir de la littérature, dans la perspective de l’École de Paris. Les résultats montrent l’existence de potentiels de changements avérés, même si contrastés selon les différents axes d’analyse. L’intrication entre les processus de changement mobilisés dans le traitement psychothérapeutique et le processus d’adolescence mérite d’être souligné, ainsi que la fragilité narcissique marquée dont témoignent ces adolescents.
Les enjeux psychiques de la transplantation rénale en unité de néphrologie pédiatrique
Authors: Gourdon Bénédicte , Godron-Dubrasquet Astrid , Lucats Florence , Cochin Ninon
Published: June 2021

La transplantation rénale en service de néphrologie pédiatrique questionne autant la dimension physique que psychique de l’enfant greffé. Nous regarderons dans cet article les problématiques psychiques soulevées par l’insuffisance rénale chronique et terminale, la question du don ainsi que les problématiques identitaires mises en jeu. L’enfant est un être en mouvement, en évolution. Quel est l’impact de la greffe rénale sur son évolution ? Ses représentations ? Son devenir ?
Approche systémique en pédopsychiatrie : responsabiliser l’entourage sans culpabiliser
Authors: Carneiro Claudio
Published: June 2021

« Est-ce qu’on fait quelque chose de faux ou est-ce qu’il/elle a un problème ? » On peut penser que tous les parents qui consultent pour leur enfant dans un service de pédopsychiatrie se posent cette question de façon plus ou moins explicite. Tout le défi pour le thérapeute systémique consiste alors à essayer de mobiliser les parents, de les impliquer dans le suivi, sans les culpabiliser en les faisant se sentir comme étant la cause du problème. Cet article propose une réflexion sur comment responsabiliser l’entourage du patient sans culpabiliser. La question de la différence entre les notions de responsabilité et de culpabilité sera notamment abordée, puis l’intervention intégrative de la connotation positive responsabilisante sera présentée et les implications sur les settings thérapeutiques seront discutées
The Importance of an Evidence-Based Structural Approach in Public and Community Psychiatry
Authors: Dotson Samuel , Ogbu-Nwobodo Lucy , Shtasel Derri
Published: June 2021

The structural perspective on serious mental illness provides a unique contribution to the biopsychosocial formulation for community psychiatrists. This approach offers important insights into the origins of health inequities, as was recently brought to the forefront by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. By evaluating the larger institutional factors that affect a patient's presentation, physicians can advocate for practical interventions that address health inequities at both the population and individual patient levels. This article highlights five structural domains (housing, employment, incarceration, insurance status, and health care access) where psychiatrists have implemented specific evidence-based interventions to advocate for social justice and to improve patient outcomes.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2021;51(6):266–271.]
Intraspecific density effect on growth of Marphysa “sp.” Juveniles
Authors: Garcês João Pedro , Pousão-Ferreira Pedro
Published: June 2021

There is growing demand for the territorial tube-building genus Marphysa (Eunicidae: Polychaete), commonly known in Portugal as “goose”, for use as fishing bait, and it is being harvested all around the world for that purpose. Effects of intraspecific density on juvenile growth were studied over a four-month period in laboratory facilities. Three polychaete densities (low, 50 worms; medium, 150 worms; and high, 250 worms) were used in a 0.25 m2 aquarium containing sandy sediment and recirculating water. Total length, dry weight and number of segments were recorded for 60% of the initial population. All polychaetes were also counted to determine mortality rate and territorial behaviour through the existence of body lesions and broken and regenerating posterior segments. The results obtained in this study showed that density had a significant effect (p<0.001) on growth rates in any of the densities studied and that growth was significantly higher at lower densities (p<0.001). For all density levels, estimated daily growth was higher in the first month, decreasing progressively over time. The high aggressiveness and territorial behaviour of Marphysa “sp.” juveniles, well evidenced by the highest mortality (35%) under high density and by the presence of worms with lesions under low density (30%) observed in the first month, suggests that territoriality is probably the main factor involved in the organization and spatial arrangements of individuals within a population. Marphysa juveniles probably compete for burrow space. The results reveal that Marphysa juveniles have a very territorial and aggressive behaviour that should be considered if the species is used for aquaculture production. Additional studies are required to determine the density effects for different developmental stages.
Spatiotemporal patterns of phenology of the alien Phaeophyceae Sargassum muticum on the Atlantic coast of Morocco
Authors: El Atouani Samir , Belattmania Zahira , Kaidi Soukaina , Engelen Aschwin H. , Serrão Ester A. , Chaouti Abdellatif , Reani Abdeltif , Sabour Brahim
Published: June 2021

The present study focused on the dynamics of the phenology and life cycle of the Phaeophyceae invader Sargassum muticum at three sites on the Atlantic coast of Morocco over a period of two years (2013 and 2014). The results showed that S. muticum has two distinct growth phases; one with slower growth in winter followed by one with faster growth in spring-early summer, when the species exhibited high elongation and branching activities with thalli length ranging from 1 to more than 5 m depending on the study site. The site S1, with a rocky substratum covered by submerged sands, promotes thalli elongation, with maximum lengths of 643.33 11.10 cm recorded in July. At the rocky sites (S2 and S3), the maximum length of the seaweed depends on the pools’ depth. Although the elongation of thalli is enhanced by the water body depth, the settlements’ density (5-48 ind. m–2) seems to be mainly related to the nature of the substrate. The maturity index progressively increases from spring to early summer, when it reaches the highest values. S. muticum seems to be more abundant and more easily acclimated in shallow rockpools (sufficiently lighted and semi-exposed to wave action at the mid and lower tidal levels) than in protected sandy bottom sites with low hydrodynamic forces.
Effect of terrigenous sediments on macroalgae functional-form groups of coral reefs in Capurganá, Colombian Caribbean
Authors: López-Jiménez Ibis Tarini , Quan-Young Lizette Irene , Florez-Leiva Lennin
Published: June 2021

Increased sedimentation in the marine environment has been described as a key factor in the degradation of coral reefs. One of the most important biological components of coral reefs is macroalgae. The objective of this study was to determine whether the effects of terrigenous sediments on macroalgae affect the current state of the coral reef ecosystem. In an in situ experiment in Capurganá Bay, terrigenous sediments were added to artificial plates and the impact on the recruitment and growth of the macroalgae was examined. In this experiment, three treatments were used: sediment addition and two natural conditions, one up to 10 m distance from the sediment addition (control 1) and one between 15 and 20 m distance from the sediment addition (control 2). The results indicated a high complexity and variability in the response of reef algae to the effects of sedimentation depending on the sediment grade size deposited. The addition had a positive effect on the recruitment and growth of filamentous algae, primarily red algae, whereas it had a negative effect on coralline algae. The sediments found on the plates did not significantly change the macroalgal structure (P>0.05). However, a trend was observed in the change of the algal cover in each treatment. These results indicate that there is a wide range of response of the algae depending on the functional groups and the nature of the sediment.
Engagement civique des électeurs au seuil de l’âge adulte en région parisienne
Authors: Allen LaRue , Berg Juliette , Bang Hee Jin
Published: June 2021

Pour favoriser la participation des jeunes à la vie civique, il nous faut comprendre les facteurs individuels et contextuels qui déterminent leur engagement dans les domaines civique et politique. Cette étude illustre les rapports entre les caractéristiques personnelles des jeunes, le contexte proximal et national dans lequel ils évoluent et leur participation à la vie politique. L’article, qui utilise les données extraites d’une enquête effectuée auprès de 632 élèves de quatre lycées à forte diversité ethnique de la région parisienne, se fonde essentiellement sur celles provenant des 245 participants en âge de voter. Nous y examinons les facteurs relevant du contexte individuel, proximal et national susceptible d’influencer l’engagement des jeunes en utilisant trois indices de participation politique et civique : l’engagement dans des activités politiques, la participation à des mouvements sociaux et la participation non conventionnelle. Il ressort des résultats que les jeunes qui possèdent de plus grandes connaissances dans le domaine politique ont plus de chances de participer à des activités politiques conventionnelles. Les variations dans deux des trois indices s’expliquent aussi par le genre et l’appartenance ethnique. Le rapport étroit révélé entre les contextes de l’école et des pairs et chaque type d’engagement souligne l’importance de l’éducation civique, de l’efficacité collective à l’école et d’un climat de classe ouvert favorisant la discussion dans la promotion de la participation politique des jeunes adultes.
Les transitions vers l’enseignement supérieur de jeunes d’origine étrangère à Bruxelles
Authors: Devleeshouwer Perrine
Published: June 2021

Cet article se penche sur les désirs de mobilité sociale ascendante et sur leur réalisation à travers l’accès à l’enseignement supérieur chez de jeunes Bruxellois d’origine étrangère. Alors que la littérature met en évidence une tendance des groupes migrants à développer de plus hautes aspirations que le reste de la population, cet article démontre que ce lien entre aspirations et projet migratoire n’est pas systématique. Il est médiatisé par l’expérience scolaire qui correspond ici tant à la position des élèves au sein des hiérarchies scolaires qu’à leur vécu subjectif concernant cette position. Cet article illustre aussi les stratégies de bricolage mises en œuvre par les élèves afin de concrétiser leurs aspirations lors de leur entrée dans l’enseignement supérieur.
Rice Crop Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Patel Bharati , Sharaff Aakanksha
Published: June 2021

Crop yields are affected at large scale due to spread of unchecked diseases. The spread of these diseases is similar to the spreading of cancer in human body. But, unlike cancer these diseases can be identified at early stages through plant phenotyping traits analysis. In order to effectively identify these diseases, effective segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection and classification processes must be followed. Selection of the best combination for the given methods is very complex due to the presence of a large number of the aforementioned methods. Thereby disease prediction models are generally found to be ineffective. This paper proposes a highly effective machine learning-based formulation approach to select a proper classification process which improves the overall accuracy of crop disease detection with different dimensionality of plant dataset and included maximum features also. Hence, the proposed adaptive learning algorithm gives 99.2% accuracy compared to other techniques like Back-propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and SVM.
An Enhanced Cascading Model for E-Commerce Consumer Credit Default Prediction
Authors: Hou Jun , Li Qianmu , Liu Yaozong , Zhang Sainan
Published: June 2021

As an important global policy guide to promote economic transformation and upgrading, the upsurge of E-Commerce has been continuously upgraded with continuous breakthroughs in information technology. In recent years, China’s e-commerce consumer credit has developed well, but due to its short time of production and insufficient experience for reference, credit risk, fraud risk, and regulatory risk continue to emerge. Aiming at the problem of E-Commerce Consumer Credit default analysis, this paper proposes a Fusion Enhanced Cascade Model (FECM). This model learns feature data of credit data by fusing multi-granularity modules, and incorporates random forest and GBDT trade-off variance and bias methods. The paper compares FECM and gcForest on multiple data sets, to prove the applicability of FECM in the field of E-commerce credit default prediction. The research results of this paper are helpful to the risk control of financial development, and to construct a relatively stable financial space for promoting the construction and development of E-Commerce.
Following Transplantation for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, Donor KIR Cen B02 Better Protects against Relapse than KIR Cen B01
Authors: Guethlein Lisbeth A. , Beyzaie Niassan , Nemat-Gorgani Neda , Wang Tao , Ramesh Vidhyalakshmi , Marin Wesley M. , Hollenbach Jill A. , Schetelig Johannes , Spellman Stephen R. , Marsh Steven G. E. , Cooley Sarah , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Norman Paul J. , Miller Jeffrey S. , Parham Peter
Published: June 2021

In the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, we previously demonstrated that there is a greater protection from relapse of leukemia when the hematopoietic cell transplantation donor has either the Cen B/B KIR genotype or a genotype having two or more KIR B gene segments. In those earlier analyses, KIR genotyping could only be assessed at the low resolution of gene presence or absence. To give the analysis greater depth, we developed high-resolution KIR sequence-based typing that defines all the KIR alleles and distinguishes the expressed alleles from those that are not expressed. We now describe and analyze high-resolution KIR genotypes for 890 donors of this human transplant cohort. Cen B01 and Cen B02 are the common CenB haplotypes, with Cen B02 having evolved from Cen B01 by deletion of the KIR2DL5, 2DS3/5, 2DP1, and 2DL1 genes. We observed a consistent trend for Cen B02 to provide stronger protection against relapse than Cen B01. This correlation indicates that protection depends on the donor having inhibitory KIR2DL2 and/or activating KIR2DS2, and is enhanced by the donor lacking inhibitory KIR2DL1, 2DL3, and 3DL1. High-resolution KIR typing has allowed us to compare the strength of the interactions between the recipient’s HLA class I and the KIR expressed by the donor-derived NK cells and T cells, but no clinically significant interactions were observed. The trend observed between donor Cen B02 and reduced relapse of leukemia points to the value of studying ever larger transplant cohorts.
Level of awareness, knowledge and perception on COVID-19 among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Central Hospital Benin City, Edo state
Authors: Omozuwa Sunday Eghosasere , Uwaibi Noel Ebehiremen
Published: June 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, which affects mainly the respiratory system and was first discovered during an outbreak in Wuhan community in China December 2019. The outbreak was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) March, 11th 2020 and a worldwide public health response has been engaged to address the impact. A descriptive cross sectional survey was utilized. A self- administered questionnaire on awareness, knowledge and perception of COVID-19 infection was administered to a total 420 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in central Hospital Benin City for Data collection. Four hundred and fourteen (98.6%) of the respondents were aware of COVID-19 and 274 (66.2%) indicated television as their source of information. One hundred (24.2%) indicated radio while 92 (22.2%) implicated friends. One hundred and ninety seven (46.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge of COVID-19 while 68 (16.2%) had poor knowledge. There was a high level of awareness of COVID-19 among the pregnant women attending Antenatal clinic in central hospital Benin City and majority of them got their information from the television.
Hyperimmune plasma infusion in an immunocompromised Covid-19 patient previously treated for follicular lymphoma
Authors: Levi Guido , Rocchetti Chiara , Magri Roberto , Uccelli Silvia , Bottone Damiano , Quadri Federico , Novali Mauro , Santin Alessandro D. , Bezzi Michela
Published: June 2021

Covid-19 in immunocompromised patients shows a prolonged course and may lead to a poor prognosis. Although data on hyperimmune plasma for treatment of Covid-19 suggest an improved outcome in immunocompetent patients, limited data are currently available in immunocompromised patients. We present the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian woman, who was previously treated with obinutuzumab and bendamustine for follicular lymphoma and showed a prolonged positive test for Covid-19. Since no improvement was observed with standard of care (including remdesivir), the possibility of hyperimmune plasma infusion was discussed. A first dose of hyperimmune plasma was administered, with subsequent onset of fever, increasing inflammatory indexes and worsening radiological findings. Three days later a second dose of plasma was administered. Within twelve hours cough and fever disappeared, and oxygen at rest was discontinued. The patient was discharged 5 days later, and nasopharyngeal swabs resulted negative 16 days after discharge.
Synergistic effect of flavonoids combined with antivenom on neutralisation of Naja naja venom
Authors: Raghavan Srimathi , Jayaraman Gurunathan
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To evaluate the neutralizing effects of flavonoids on snake venom toxicity by stand-alone and combinatorial approaches.

Methods:

Synthetic flavonoids were assessed, either individually or in combination with antivenom, for their neutralization of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), protease, antioxidant (DPPH) assay and hemotoxic activity. Molecular docking studies were performed to understand possible binding of flavonoids with Naja naja venom PLA2. In vivo studies were carried out to confirm the neutralisation effects using a mouse model. Moreover, inhibition of PLA2 was monitored using combinatorial approaches.

Results:

Among the flavonoids used, quercetin and naringenin inhibited PLA2 (56% and 45%), protease (71% and 64%), DPPH scavenging (69.0% and 77.5%) and hemotoxic (70%) activities. Molecular docking studies indicated that the flavonoids bind to the substrate-binding site of PLA2 (Cys44 and Tyr63). In vivo studies showed a reduction in the venom toxicity level in the presence of naringenin. Additionally, combinatorial studies using the mixture of flavonoid and anti-venom revealed the possibility of synergistic effect (up to 32% enhancement) in neutralising the venom enzymes.

Conclusions:

These flavonoids can be used as additives for the treatment of snake bites, which may exert synergistic effects in combination with antivenom and decrease the post-therapeutic effects caused by excessive use of antivenom.
Anti-tumor activity of rice bran hydrolysates on migration, invasion and angiogenesis
Authors: Phusrisom Suphanthip , Senggunprai Laddawan , Prawan Auemduan , Kongpetch Sarinya , Kukongviriyapan Upa , Thawornchinsombut Supawan , Siriamornpun Sirithon , Chumroenphat Theeraphan , Changsri Ronnachai , Kukongviriyapan Veerapol
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To investigate anti-tumor effect of rice bran hydrolysates (RBH) on proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

RBH was prepared from Tubtim Chumprae rice (Oryza sativa L.) by hydrothermolysis followed by protease digestion. Phenolic content in RBH was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Human CCA cells, KKU-156, KKU-452, and KKU-100, were used to study the effects of RBH on proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion by wound healing, Transwell chamber, and fibronectin cell adhesion assays. Angiogenesis was evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Proteins associated with cancer progression were analyzed by immunobloting assays.

Results:

RBH contained carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and various phenolic compounds and flavonoids. RBH did not inhibit CCA proliferation, but strongly suppressed migration, invasion, adhesion of CCA cells, and the formation of tube-like capillary structures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Moreover, RBH down-regulated phosphorylation of FAK, PI3K, and Akt, suppressed NF-κB nuclear translocation, decreased the expression of ICAM-1, vimentin and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), and increased the expression of E-cadherin.

Conclusions:

RBH suppresses CCA cell migration and invasion and decreases expression of proteins involved in cancer metastasis. RBH is a potential food supplement for cancer prevention.
Coronaviruses in pregnant women in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Barry Mazin , Barry Magdoleen A.
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To compare the effects of coronaviruses, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), on pregnant women in Saudi Arabia, and to understand the disease dynamics of these coronaviruses so as to konw how to provide care and management of infected pregnant women and infants.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review of all published papers on MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections in pregnant women in Saudi Arabia to identify knowledge gaps. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were based on the PRISMA system. The search included all papers which were published between September 1, 2012 and November 29, 2020 on pregnant women with MERS-CoV and/ or COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Of 26 papers screened, five were included in the analysis.

Results:

A total of 11 pregnant women with MERS-CoV and four with COVID-19 were reported in Saudi Arabia in the medical literature during the review period. The mean ages of the women were 33 and 31 years old for MERS-CoV and COVID-19, respectively. Maternal and fetal mortality in cases of MERS-CoV were 35% and 30%, respectively, while no maternal or fetal mortalities were reported in COVID-19 cases.

Conclusions:

Very limited data has emerged from Saudi Arabia on pregnant women MERS-CoV and COVID-19. With such high mortality observed with MERS-CoV compared to COVID-19, there is a need for greater reporting of cases to truly grasp the extent of these infections in pregnant women in a country where both coronaviruses are circulating.
Excess iodine exposure
Authors: Chakraborty Arijit
Published: June 2021

To prevent iodine deficiency disorders, the universal salt iodization programme has been introduced all over the globe, including environmentally iodine sufficient regions irrespective of their iodine status. As a result, iodine-induced thyroid dysfunctions namely hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroid diseases, endemic goiter and even thyroid cancer including infertility, still births, abortions and embryo toxicity have emerged as a major public health problem. In other words, the consequence of iodine deficiency and excess is almost ‘U’-shaped. Hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency affects reproductive functions of organisms; however, such undesirable effects of iodine overload on male gonadal physiology together with hormonal profiles are yet to be adequately explored. The discovery of iodide transporter in the testis justifies an independent role of iodine in male reproductive function, which is not entirely known. Recent studies on human subjects and animal models are now revealing further perceptions into the effect of excess iodine on male infertility with euthyroid status. Excess iodine exposure has been linked with deterioration of structural and functional changes of testis leading to compromised spermatogenesis by affecting various cellular and molecular signaling pathways culminating into disrupted the blood-testis barrier and cytoskeleton. This review provides an update and summarizes various novel insights of excess iodine exposure on reproduction by establishing the independent role of iodine on male reproductive endocrinology, which might help in formulating future strategies to prevent iodine-induced male infertility, an emerging global concern, especially in the post-salt iodization era.
Vitamin E supplementation may negatively affect preimplantation development and mitochondrial ultrastructure of vitrified murine embryos
Authors: Sarbandi Mimi-Sophia , Noor Khan Nor-Ashikin Mohamed Noor , Rahman Nor-Shahida Abdul , Eshak Zolkapli , Abdullah Fathiah , Malek Mastura Abd , Kamal Aqila-Akmal Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To observe the effects of vitamin E on post-vitrification preimplantation development, gross morphology as well as mitochondrial distribution and ultrastructure.

Methods:

Twenty-four female C57BL/6NTac mice, aged 12-16 weeks, were randomly divided into four groups. Group A did not receive any treatment and served as the control group. Group B was treated with corn oil stripped of tocopherols and served as the vehicle group. Group C was treated with 60 mg/kg body weight of tocotrienol-rich-fraction with corn oil stripped of tocopherols. Group D was treated with 60 mg/kg body weight of alpha-tocopherol with corn oil stripped of tocopherols. All treatments were administered orally for 7 consecutive days. After superovulation and mating with fertile males, 2-cell stage embryos were harvested for vitrification. Post vitrification development in vitro, gross morphology and ultrastructure were compared between groups.

Results:

The number of 2 and 8-cell embryo, and blastocysts in the treatment and control groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). Following vitrification, all 2-cell embryos had equal-sized blastomeres and intact zona pellucida. Mitochondrial aggregation toward the perinuclear region was seen in all of the treatment groups. Both groups C and D had vacuolated mitochondria, which was reflected in the trend of preimplantation development reduction.

Conclusions:

Vitamin E supplementation of 60 mg/kg body weight does not improve the viability of healthy embryos according to this study. As a result, the most effective dose of vitamin E supplementation may be determined by the initial quality of the embryos.
Comparative Evaluation of the Lateral Throat Form and the Border Extension of Mandibular Complete Denture in the Distolingual Region in Gandhinagar District
Authors: Shah Dipti S , Vaishnav Kalpesh , Patel Pankaj , Joshi Ravi , Sharma Khushboo , Patel Zalak
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Lateral throat form plays an important role in the success of lower complete denture as it affects its retention and stability. The length and thickness of lower dentures should be properly established in this region. Aim of this study is to evaluate the difference in the extension of lateral throat form between the patient's mouth and lower dentures.

Materials and Methods:

The lateral throat form was classified according to Neil's classification into Class I, Class II and Class III. The length of the lateral throat form was measured in the patient's mouth and in lower dentures with the help of UNC periodontal probe, and a comparison was made between them.

Results:

Among all the patients in this study, Neil's Class I lateral throat form was 53%, Class II was 37% and Class III was 10%. The average variation between the extent of lateral throat form intraorally and in lower denture at the anterior edge of the retromolar pad was 1.7 ± 1.75 mm in the right side and 2.5 ± 2.00 mm in the left side, whereas at the posterior edge of retromolar pad, it was 2.23 ± 1.92 mm in the right side and 3.06 ± 2.25 mm in the left side.

Conclusions:

The proportion of Neil's Class I was the highest followed by Class II and Class III was the lowest. The difference between the length of lateral throat form in the patient's mouth and in lower denture was statistically significant (P < 0.05).