bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCARF Genes in COVID-19 and Kidney Disease: A Path to Comorbidity-Specific Therapies
Authors: Carriazo Sol , Abasheva Daria , Duarte Deborah , Ortiz Alberto , Sanchez-Niño Maria Dolores
Published: November 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has killed ~7 million persons worldwide. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most common risk factor for severe COVID-19 and one that most increases the risk of COVID-19-related death. Moreover, CKD increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), and COVID-19 patients with AKI are at an increased risk of death. However, the molecular basis underlying this risk has not been well characterized. CKD patients are at increased risk of death from multiple infections, to which immune deficiency in non-specific host defenses may contribute. However, COVID-19-associated AKI has specific molecular features and CKD modulates the local (kidney) and systemic (lung, aorta) expression of host genes encoding coronavirus-associated receptors and factors (SCARFs), which SARS-CoV-2 hijacks to enter cells and replicate. We review the interaction between kidney disease and COVID-19, including the over 200 host genes that may influence the severity of COVID-19, and provide evidence suggesting that kidney disease may modulate the expression of SCARF genes and other key host genes involved in an effective adaptive defense against coronaviruses. Given the poor response of certain CKD populations (e.g., kidney transplant recipients) to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and their suboptimal outcomes when infected, we propose a research agenda focusing on CKD to develop the concept of comorbidity-specific targeted therapeutic approaches to SARS-CoV-2 infection or to future coronavirus infections.
A Chitosan-Based Biomaterial Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium for Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration
Authors: Humenik Filip , Danko Ján , Krešáková Lenka , Vdoviaková Katarína , Vrabec Vladimír , Vasilová Emília , Giretová Mária , Tóth Štefan , Fagová Zuzana , Babík Ján , Medvecký Ľubomír
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to provide a beneficial treatment effect of novel chitosan bio-polymeric material enriched with mesenchymal stem cell products derived from the canine adipose tissue (AT-MSC) on the artificial skin defect in a rabbit model. For the objectivity of the regeneration evaluation, we used histological analysis and a scoring system created by us, taking into account all the attributes of regeneration, such as inflammatory reaction, necrosis, granulation, formation of individual skin layers and hair follicles. We observed an acceleration and improvement in the healing of an artificially created skin defect after eight and ten weeks in comparison with negative control (spontaneous healing without biomaterial). Moreover, we were able to described hair follicles and epidermis layer in histological skin samples treated with a chitosan-based biomaterial on the eighth week after grafting.
Genetic Enhancement for Biotic Stress Resistance in Basmati Rice through Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Singh Niraj , Ellur Ranjith Kumar , Balamurugan Alexander , Prakash G. , Rathour Rajeev , Mondal Kalyan Kumar , Bhowmick Prolay Kumar , Gopala Krishnan S. , Nagarajan Mariappan , Seth Rakesh , Vinod K. K. , Singh Varsha , Bollinedi Haritha , Singh Ashok Kumar
Published: November 2023

Pusa Basmati 1509 (PB1509) is one of the major foreign-exchange-earning varieties of Basmati rice; it is semi-dwarf and early maturing with exceptional cooking quality and strong aroma. However, it is highly susceptible to various biotic stresses including bacterial blight and blast. Therefore, bacterial blight resistance genes, namely, xa13 + Xa21 and Xa38, and fungal blast resistance genes Pi9 + Pib and Pita were incorporated into the genetic background of recurrent parent (RP) PB1509 using donor parents, namely, Pusa Basmati 1718 (PB1718), Pusa 1927 (P1927), Pusa 1929 (P1929) and Tetep, respectively. Foreground selection was carried out with respective gene-linked markers, stringent phenotypic selection for recurrent parent phenotype, early generation background selection with Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and background analysis at advanced generations with Rice Pan Genome Array comprising 80K SNPs. This has led to the development of Near isogenic lines (NILs), namely, Pusa 3037, Pusa 3054, Pusa 3060 and Pusa 3066 carrying genes xa13 + Xa21, Xa38, Pi9 + Pib and Pita with genomic similarity of 98.25%, 98.92%, 97.38% and 97.69%, respectively, as compared to the RP. Based on GGE-biplot analysis, Pusa 3037-1-44-3-164-20-249-2 carrying xa13 + Xa21, Pusa 3054-2-47-7-166-24-261-3 carrying Xa38, Pusa 3060-3-55-17-157-4-124-1 carrying Pi9 + Pib, and Pusa 3066-4-56-20-159-8-174-1 carrying Pita were identified to be relatively stable and better-performing individuals in the tested environments. Intercrossing between the best BC3F1s has led to the generation of Pusa 3122 (xa13 + Xa21 + Xa38), Pusa 3124 (Xa38 + Pi9 + Pib) and Pusa 3123 (Pi9 + Pib + Pita) with agronomy, grain and cooking quality parameters at par with PB1509. Cultivation of such improved varieties will help farmers reduce the cost of cultivation with decreased pesticide use and improve productivity with ensured safety to consumers.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Impact of Water on the Stability of Postmodified Schiff Base Containing Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Radnović Nikola D. , Hawes Chris S. , Kordić Branko B. , Bogdanović Milica G. , Barta Holló Berta , Radanović Mirjana M. , Škorić Dušan Đ. , Jović Branislav D. , Rodić Marko V.
Published: November 2023

In this study, the synthesis of a Schiff base containing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) of the UiO-67 family has been investigated. MOFs featuring free amine groups were successfully synthesized under mild solvothermal conditions using 2-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid and 2,2′-diamino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid as bridging ligands, resulting in MOFs with amine groups covalently linked to the bridging ligands. Both types of functionalized MOFs were post-synthetically modified with 4-formylbenzonitrile that resulted in imine formation. All the obtained compounds were characterized by PXRD, TGA, DTA, BET, NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy, while stability in water was monitored with SEM, EDS, and UV–VIS spectroscopy.
Coronary Guidewires in Temporary Cardiac Pacing and Assessment of Myocardial Viability: Current Perspectives and Future Directions
Authors: Javid Rabeia , Wassef Nancy , Wheatcroft Stephen B. , Tayebjee Muzahir H.
Published: November 2023

Intracoronary guidewires used in percutaneous coronary intervention can also be configured to provide temporary ventricular pacing. Trans coronary electrophysiological parameters recorded by employing coronary guidewires may have a potential role in assessing myocardial viability and could provide a means to make an immediate on-table decision about revascularisation. To date, some small studies have demonstrated the safety of this technique in temporary cardiac pacing, but further research is required to refine this approach and establish its clinical utility in myocardial viability assessment. In this review we discuss the potential role of trans coronary electrophysiology in the assessment of myocardial viability.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography Findings of Polymyalgia Rheumatica in Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Heras-Recuero Elena , Martínez de Bourio-Allona Marta , Landaeta-Kancev Laura Cristina , Blázquez-Sánchez Teresa , Torres-Roselló Arantxa , Álvarez-Rubio Miguel , Belhaj-Gandar Mariam , Martínez-López Juan Antonio , Martínez-Dhier Luis , Llorca Javier , Largo Raquel , González-Gay Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2023

Objective: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are often overlapping conditions. We studied whether 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) is useful in identifying PMR in the setting of large vessel (LV) GCA. Methods: LV-GCA patients diagnosed by PET-CT at a tertiary care center for a population of 450,000 people over a two-year period were reviewed. Scoring was performed based on potential significant FDG uptake at up to 16 sites in nine different extravascular areas (SCORE 16). Differences in extravascular sites of significant FDG uptake were evaluated between LV-GCA with a clinical diagnosis of PMR or not. Results: Fifty-four patients were diagnosed with LV-GCA by 18F-FDG-PET-CT. Of them, 21 (38.8%) were clinically diagnosed with PMR. Significant extravascular FDG uptake was more frequently observed in those with a clinical diagnosis of PMR. In this sense, the SCORE 16 was higher in those with clinical PMR (5.10 ± 4.05 versus 1.73 ± 2.31 in those without a clinical diagnosis of PMR; p < 0.001). A SCORE 16 involving more than four sites of significant FDG uptake yielded a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 91% for establishing a clinical diagnosis of PMR associated with LV-GCA. The best areas of significant FDG uptake to clinically identify PMR in patients with LV-GCA were the shoulder, the greater trochanter, and the lumbar interspinous regions, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.810 (0.691–0.930). Conclusions: Significant extravascular 18F-FDG-PET-CT uptake may help establish a clinical diagnosis of PMR in patients with LV-GCA. These patients are more commonly diagnosed with PMR if they have significant FDG uptake in the shoulder, greater trochanter, and lumbar interspinous areas.
Second Generation Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: The Patient’s Subjective Quality of Life, Well-Being, and Satisfaction
Authors: Brasso Claudio , Bellino Silvio , Bozzatello Paola , Montemagni Cristiana , Nobili Marco Giuseppe Alberto , Sgro Rodolfo , Rocca Paola
Published: November 2023

Schizophrenia (SZ) is among the twenty most disabling diseases worldwide. Subjective quality of life, well-being, and satisfaction are core elements to achieving personal recovery from the disorder. Long-acting injectable second-generation antipsychotics (SGA-LAIs) represent a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of SZ as they guarantee good efficacy and adherence to treatment. The aim of this rapid review is to summarize the evidence on the efficacy of SGA-LAIs in improving subjective quality of life, well-being, and satisfaction. The PubMed database was searched for original studies using SGA, LAI, risperidone, paliperidone, aripiprazole, olanzapine, SZ, and psychosis as keywords. Twenty-one studies were included: 13 clinical trials, 7 observational studies, and 1 post hoc analysis. It has been shown that SGA-LAIs bring an improvement to specific domains of subjective and self-rated quality of life, well-being, or satisfaction in prospective observational studies without a control arm and in randomized controlled trials versus placebo. The superiority of SGA-LAIs as compared with oral equivalents and haloperidol-LAI has been reported by some randomized controlled and observational studies. Although promising, the evidence is still limited because of the lack of studies and several methodological issues concerning the choice of the sample, the evaluation of the outcome variables, and the study design. New methodologically sound studies are needed.
Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict CO2 Using a Cement Manufacturing Historic Production Variables Dataset: A Case Study at Union Bridge Plant, Heidelberg Materials, Maryland
Authors: Boakye Kwaku , Fenton Kevin , Simske Steve
Published: November 2023

This study uses machine learning methods to model different stages of the calcination process in cement, with the goal of improving knowledge of the generation of CO2 during cement manufacturing. Calcination is necessary to determine the clinker quality, energy needs, and CO2 emissions in a cement-producing facility. Due to the intricacy of the calcination process, it has historically been challenging to precisely anticipate the CO2 produced. The purpose of this study is to determine a direct association between CO2 generation from the manufacture of raw materials and the process factors. In this paper, six machine learning techniques are investigated to explore two output variables: (1) the apparent degree of oxidation, and (2) the apparent degree of calcination. CO2 molecular composition (dry basis) sensitivity analysis uses over 6000 historical manufacturing health data points as input variables, and the results are used to train the algorithms. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of various regression models is examined, and the models are then run to ascertain which independent variables in cement manufacturing had the largest impact on the dependent variables. To establish which independent variable has the biggest impact on CO2 emissions, the significance of the other factors is also assessed.
Research on the Bearing Lifespan Prediction Method for Ship Propulsion Shaft Systems Based on an Enhanced Domain Adversarial Neural Network
Authors: Ren Feixiang , Du Jiwang , Chang Daofang
Published: November 2023

To address the challenge of accurate lifespan prediction for bearings in different operating conditions within ship propulsion shaft systems, a two-stage prediction model based on an enhanced domain adversarial neural network (DANN) is proposed. Firstly, pre-training features containing comprehensive degradation information are extracted from the entire source domain dataset encompassing all operational conditions. Subsequently, DANN is employed to extract domain-invariant features that are difficult to distinguish. Following this, a feature alignment process is utilized to align high-dimensional features with pre-training features, thereby mitigating the adverse effects caused by missing data in the incomplete target operational condition dataset. Finally, the effectiveness of this approach is validated using operational data from bearings under multiple operating conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the method presented in this paper achieves an average error reduction of 0.0626 and 0.0845 compared to the MK-MMD transfer learning method and self-attention ConvLSTM algorithms, respectively, and exhibits higher predictive reliability. This method can provide valuable insights for lifespan prediction challenges concerning bearings in ship propulsion shaft systems under various operational conditions, as well as similar cross-domain lifespan prediction problems.
Optimization of Aspergillus versicolor Culture and Aerosolization in a Murine Model of Inhalational Fungal Exposure
Authors: Blackwood Catherine B. , Croston Tara L. , Barnes Mark A. , Lemons Angela R. , Rush Rachael E. , Goldsmith Travis , McKinney Walter G. , Anderson Stacey , Weaver Kelly L. , Sulyok Michael , Park Ju-Hyeong , Germolec Dori , Beezhold Donald H. , Green Brett
Published: November 2023

Aspergillus versicolor is ubiquitous in the environment and is particularly abundant in damp indoor spaces. Exposure to Aspergillus species, as well as other environmental fungi, has been linked to respiratory health outcomes, including asthma, allergy, and even local or disseminated infection. However, the pulmonary immunological mechanisms associated with repeated exposure to A. versicolor have remained relatively uncharacterized. Here, A. versicolor was cultured and desiccated on rice then placed in an acoustical generator system to achieve aerosolization. Mice were challenged with titrated doses of aerosolized conidia to examine deposition, lymphoproliferative properties, and immunotoxicological response to repeated inhalation exposures. The necessary dose to induce lymphoproliferation was identified, but not infection-like pathology. Further, it was determined that the dose was able to initiate localized immune responses. The data presented in this study demonstrate an optimized and reproducible method for delivering A. versicolor conidia to rodents via nose-only inhalation. Additionally, the feasibility of a long-term repeated exposure study was established. This experimental protocol can be used in future studies to investigate the physiological effects of repeated pulmonary exposure to fungal conidia utilizing a practical and relevant mode of delivery. In total, these data constitute an important foundation for subsequent research in the field.
Comprehensive Analysis of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticle Size and Surface Properties on Neuronal PC-12 Cells: Unraveling Cytotoxicity, Dopaminergic Gene Expression, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition
Authors: Suthar Jitendra Kumar , Rakesh Balaji , Vaidya Anuradha , Ravindran Selvan
Published: November 2023

Titanium oxide nanoparticles can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, infiltrate the central nervous system, and induce neurotoxicity. One of the most often utilized nanoparticles has been investigated for their neurotoxicity in many studies. Nonetheless, there remains an unexplored aspect regarding the comparative analysis of particles varying in size and nanoparticles of identical dimensions, both with and devoid of surface coating. In the current study, we synthesized two differently sized nanoparticles, TiO2-10 (10 nm) and TiO2-22 (22 nm), and nanoparticles of the same size but with a polyvinylpyrrolidone surface coating (TiO2-PVP, 22 nm) and studied their toxic effects on neural PC-12 cells. The results highlighted significant dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity at concentrations ≥10 μg/mL. The exposure of TiO2 nanoparticles significantly elevated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species levels, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, altered the mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced apoptosis-related caspase-3 activity, irrespective of size and surface coating. The interaction of the nanoparticles with acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity was also investigated, and the results revealed a dose-dependent suppression of enzymatic activity. However, the gene expression studies indicated no effect on the expression of all six genes associated with the dopaminergic system upon exposure to 10 μg/mL for any nanoparticle. The results demonstrated no significant difference between the outcomes of TiO2-10 and TiO2-22 NPs. However, the polyvinylpyrrolidone surface coating was able to attenuate the neurotoxic effects. These findings suggest that as the TiO2 nanoparticles get smaller (towards 0 nm), they might promote apoptosis and inflammatory reactions in neural cells via oxidative stress, irrespective of their size.
The Effects of Perceived Cultural and Tourism Public Services on Visitor Satisfaction and Quality of Life: A Multiple Mediation Model
Authors: Weng Lisheng , Tan Lingzhi , Yu Yifeng
Published: November 2023

The provision of cultural and tourism public services in tourism destinations exerts a substantial influence on visitor experience and their overall quality of life. The current study applied structural equation modeling to empirically investigate the relationship between perceived cultural and tourism public services of visitors and their quality of life. Additionally, the mediating effects of perceived value, expectancy disconfirmation, and satisfaction in the above-mentioned influence relationship was also explored. In order to collect data, a field survey was conducted in a world heritage site located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 550 questionnaires were delivered, out of which 518 valid questionnaires were retained for subsequent analysis. The results demonstrate that perceived cultural and tourism public services of visitors have significant and positive influence on their perceived value, and visitors’ perceived value has a positive effect on their expectancy disconfirmation. Moreover, there is a strong and positive relationship between visitors’ expectancy disconfirmation and their satisfaction and quality of life. Additionally, the mediating effect of perceived value, expectancy disconfirmation, and satisfaction exist, and these three mediating variables serve as full mediators. The present study addresses the theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and potential areas for further research.
The Therapeutic Potential of Amphetamine-like Psychostimulants
Authors: Pires Bruno , Rosendo Luana M. , Brinca Ana Teresa , Simão Ana Y. , Barroso Mário , Rosado Tiago , Gallardo Eugenia
Published: November 2023

This review delves into the therapeutic applications of amphetamine-type stimulants such as lisdexamphetamine dimesylate, mixed amphetamine salts, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), dextroamphetamine, and phentermine. These compounds have been investigated for their potential in treating a range of psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drug dependence, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obesity. Lisdexamphetamine dimesylate has shown promise in effectively treating ADHD symptoms in both children and adults. Additionally, it has been explored as a potential treatment for drug dependency and withdrawal, demonstrating encouraging results. Mixed amphetamine salts have also exhibited efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms in adults. Future research should explore their potential use in treating bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence, considering the associated risks and benefits. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has emerged as an innovative approach to treating PTSD, leading to sustained reductions in symptoms and even promoting post-traumatic growth. Furthermore, it has shown promise in managing anxiety related to life-threatening illnesses. Dextroamphetamine and phentermine have demonstrated efficacy in treating cocaine and opioid dependence, ADHD, and obesity. However, careful consideration and monitoring by medical professionals are essential due to the potential risks and benefits associated with them. In conclusion, amphetamine-type stimulants present a promising avenue for therapeutic interventions in various psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand their mechanisms of action, dosage requirements, and long-term effects in different patient populations.
Recycled Materials in Civil Engineering Application
Authors: Ulewicz Malgorzata
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the construction sector has shown great interest in the use of various by-products and industrial waste, as well as the consumer products used [...]
Erosion–Corrosion Failure Analysis of a Mild Steel Nozzle Pipe in Water–Sand Flow
Authors: Khan Rehan , Wieczorowski Michał , Damjanović Darko , Karim Mohammad Rezaul , Alnaser Ibrahim A.
Published: November 2023

Several leaks appeared in a mild steel (MS) pipe jet nozzle installed in a direct impact test rig after a few months of operation in erosive flow at the Centre for Erosion–Corrosion Research. The locations of perforation leaks were primarily upstream, but severe wall thinning was also noticed adjacent to the exit section. In this paper, a failure analysis was carried out on the leaking of a pipe jet nozzle, and the results are discussed in detail. The investigation carried out includes visual observation, scanning electron microscopy, 3D scanning, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and laser profilometry measurements. In addition, numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the discrete phase model (DPM) were conducted to investigate the root cause of the failure of leaks in the pipe jet nozzle. Further CFD-DPM simulations were performed on three different pipe jet designs for liquid–solid flow conditions, and were compared to find an alternative design to prevent the failure of the pipe jet nozzles. It was found that the increase in turbulence along with multiple impacts of particles on the wall generate leaks and cracks in the pipe jet nozzle. Moreover, the CFD-DPM showed a five-fold reduction in the maximum erosion rate; this was observed in the replacement of failed pipes with the proposed alternative nozzle pipe design featuring a chamfer reducer section. The CFD-DPM analysis of all geometric configurations showed that alteration of reducer section design has the greatest impact on erosive wear mitigation.
A General Iterative Procedure for Solving Nonsmooth Constrained Generalized Equations
Authors: Ouyang Wei , Mei Kui
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we concentrate on an abstract iterative procedure for solving nonsmooth constrained generalized equations. This procedure employs both the property of weak point-based approximation and the approach of searching for a feasible inexact projection on the constrained set. Utilizing the contraction mapping principle, we establish higher order local convergence of the proposed method under the assumption of metric regularity property which ensures that the iterative procedure generates a sequence converging to a solution of the constrained generalized equation. Under strong metric regularity assumptions, we obtain that each sequence generated by this procedure converges to a solution. Furthermore, a restricted version of the proposed method is considered, for which we establish the desired convergence for each iterative sequence without a strong metric subregularity condition. The obtained results are new even for generalized equations without a constraint set.
Postmortem Alteration of Purine Metabolism in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Somtua Phakchira , Jaikang Churdsak , Konguthaithip Giatgong , Intui Kanicnan , Watcharakhom Somlada , O’Brien Timothy E. , Amornlertwatana Yutti
Published: November 2023

A new approach for assisting in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) as a cause of death is essential in cases where complete autopsy examinations are not feasible. The purine pathway has been associated with CAD patients, but the understanding of this pathway in postmortem changes needs to be explored. This study investigated the levels of blood purine metabolites in CAD after death. Heart blood samples (n = 60) were collected and divided into CAD (n = 23) and control groups (n = 37). Purine metabolites were measured via proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and xanthine levels significantly decreased (p < 0.05); conversely, adenine and deoxyribose 5-phosphate levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the CAD group compared to the control group. Decreasing xanthine levels may serve as a marker for predicting the cause of death in CAD (AUC = 0.7). Our findings suggest that the purine pathway was interrupted by physiological processes after death, causing the metabolism of the deceased to differ from that of the living. Additionally, xanthine levels should be studied further to better understand their relationship with CAD and used as a biomarker for CAD diagnosis under decomposition and skeletonization settings.
Improving Plasticity of Ferritic Stainless Steel Welded Joints via Laser Spot Control
Authors: Gu Lidong , Tang Qi , Li Yanqing , Liu Fengde , Liu Piyao
Published: November 2023

The plasticity of welded 441 ferritic stainless steel joints was controlled by varying the laser beam spot diameter during laser welding. A stainless steel plate thickness of 1.2 mm was used. The microstructures of the welded joints were analyzed for various spot diameters. The elongation of breaks and the reduced area of tensile specimens were analyzed to study the effects of spot diameter on plasticity of the welded joints. The results showed that the weld melt width and weld column crystal size increased with the spot diameter, but isometric crystals in the center of the weld were gradually reduced. Increasing spot diameter resulted in decreased tensile strength, elongation after breaks, and area reduction. So the parameter must be controlled during the laser welding.
Characteristics and Degradation Mechanisms under High Reverse Base–Collector Bias Stress in InGaAs/InP Double HBTs
Authors: Yan Silu , Lu Hongliang , Cheng Lin , Qiao Jiantao , Cheng Wei , Zhang Yuming
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the reliability of InP/InGaAs DHBTs under high reverse base–collector bias stress is analyzed by experiments and simulation. The DC characteristics and S parameters of the devices under different stress times were measured, and the key parameters with high field stress were also extracted to fully understand and analyze the high-field degradation mechanism of devices. The measurements indicate that the high-field stress leads to an increase in base current, an increase in base–collector (B–C) and base–emitter (B–E) junction leakage current, and a decrease in current gain, and different degrees of degradation of key parameters over stress time. The analysis reveals that the degradation caused by reverse high-field stress mainly occurs in the B–C junction, access resistance degradation, and passivation layer. The physical origins of these failure mechanisms have been studied based on TCAD simulation, and a physical model is proposed to explain the experimental results.
Research of Multicopper Oxidase and Its Degradation of Histamine in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPZN19
Authors: Pei Huijie , Wang Yilun , He Wei , Deng Lin , Lan Qinjie , Zhang Yue , Yang Lamei , Hu Kaidi , Li Jianlong , Liu Aiping , Ao Xiaolin , Teng Hui , Liu Shuliang , Zou Likou , Li Ran , Yang Yong
Published: November 2023

In order to explore the structural changes and products of histamine degradation by multicopper oxidase (MCO) in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPZN19, a 1500 bp MCO gene in L. plantarum LPZN19 was cloned, and the recombinant MCO was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). After purification by Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography, the obtained MCO has a molecular weight of 58 kDa, and it also has the highest enzyme activity at 50 °C and pH 3.5, with a relative enzyme activity of 100%, and it maintains 57.71% of the relative enzyme activity at 5% salt concentration. The secondary structure of MCO was determined by circular dichroism, in which the proportions of the α-helix, β-sheet, β-turn and random coil were 2.9%, 39.7%, 21.2% and 36.1%, respectively. The 6xj0.1.A with a credibility of 68.21% was selected as the template to predict the tertiary structure of MCO in L. plantarum LPZN19, and the results indicated that the main components of the tertiary structure of MCO were formed by the further coiling and folding of a random coil and β-sheet. Histamine could change the spatial structure of MCO by increasing the content of the α-helix and β-sheet. Finally, the LC-MS/MS identification results suggest that the histamine was degraded into imidazole acetaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia.
Molecular Characterization of Ciborinia camelliae Kohn Shows Intraspecific Variability and Suggests Transcontinental Movement of the Pathogen
Authors: Saracchi Marco , Valenti Irene , Cortesi Paolo , Bulgari Daniela , Kunova Andrea , Pasquali Matias
Published: November 2023

Ciborinia camelliae Kohn is the causal agent of camellia flower blight. The fungus infects only the flowers of camellias. C. camelliae isolates obtained from symptomatic samples, collected in 13 different localities worldwide, were characterized by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) using the following: (i) a nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer; (ii) subunit 2 of β-tubulin (β-TUB II), (iii) elongation factor 1-α (EF1α); and (iv) glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH). The variability of the strains was assessed using a universally primed–polymerase chain reaction (UP-PCR) with six universal primers. Gene sequence comparison showed high similarity among all the European strains and highlighted the diversity of the New Zealand and Chinese representative strains. The profiles obtained by UP-PCR confirmed the significant diversity of extra-European strains and identified subgroups within the European population. The presence of shared genetic profiles obtained from strains isolated in different countries (New Zealand and France) suggests the movement of strains from one location to another, which is probably due to the exchange of infected plant material. Moreover, our study shows the overall high intraspecific variability of C. camelliae, which is likely due to the sexual reproduction of the fungus, suggesting the risk of emergence of new pathotypes adapting to novel camellia varieties.
Two-Dose Ceftiofur Treatment Increases Cephamycinase Gene Quantities and Fecal Microbiome Diversity in Dairy Cows Diagnosed with Metritis
Authors: Ossa-Trujillo Claudia , Taylor Ethan A. , Sarwar Fatima , Vinasco Javier , Jordan Ellen R. , Buitrago Jose A. García , Hagevoort G. Robert , Lawhon Sara D. , Piñeiro Juan M. , Galloway-Peña Jessica , Norman Keri N. , Scott Harvey Morgan
Published: November 2023

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant concern worldwide; meanwhile, the impact of 3rd generation cephalosporin (3GC) antibiotics on the microbial communities of cattle and resistance within these communities is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of two-dose ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (2-CCFA) treatment on the fecal microbiota and on the quantities of second-and third-generation cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone, and macrolide resistance genes in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in the southwestern United States. Across three dairy farms, 124 matched pairs of cows were enrolled in a longitudinal study. Following the product label regimen, CCFA was administered on days 0 and 3 to cows diagnosed with postpartum metritis. Healthy cows were pair-matched based on lactation number and calving date. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 6, and 16 and pooled in groups of 4 (n = 192) by farm, day, and treatment group for community DNA extraction. The characterization of community DNA included real-time PCR (qPCR) to quantify the following antibiotic resistance genes: blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M, mphA, qnrB19, and the highly conserved 16S rRNA back-calculated to gene copies per gram of feces. Additionally, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics analyses were used to determine differences in bacterial community composition by treatment, day, and farm. Overall, blaCMY-2 gene copies per gram of feces increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in the treated group compared to the untreated group on day 6 and remained elevated on day 16. However, blaCTX-M, mphA, and qnrB19 gene quantities did not differ significantly (p ≥ 0.05) between treatment groups, days, or farms, suggesting a cephamycinase-specific enhancement in cows on these farms. Perhaps unexpectedly, 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomic analyses showed that the fecal bacterial communities from treated animals on day 6 had significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) alpha and beta diversity than the untreated group. Two-dose ceftiofur treatment in dairy cows with metritis elevates cephamycinase gene quantities among all fecal bacteria while paradoxically increasing microbial diversity.
The Connection between MiR-122 and Lymphocytes in Patients Receiving Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Manea Marina , Apostol Dimitri , Constantinescu Ileana
Published: November 2023

New molecular predictors for the response to treatment in HBV (hepatitis B virus) infection are assessed. Among them is miR-122. Our article searches the connection between miR-122 and the counts of lymphocytes in chronic HBV patients receiving treatment. We included the sera of 38 Romanian subjects with chronic HBV infection (20 receiving treatment and 18 not receiving treatment) and 5 healthy controls. The expression of miR-122 was determined using RT-PCR (real-time PCR) and a 2−ΔΔCT method. Two systematic analyses were also performed on databases (PUBMED, Web of Science, and Science Direct), eliminating systematic reviews, editorials, letters to editors, meta-analyses, reviews, conference proceedings, or pre-print manuscripts. We included human-based articles following the PRISMA criteria and the Newcastle Ottawa Assessment Scale for Case–Control and Cohort studies. R 4.2.2 was used for statistics, and MIENTURNET and STRING were used for the bioinformatic analysis. Our results showed a link between the variations in the expression of miR-122 and the counts of lymphocytes in HBV Romanian patients receiving therapy. Treatment influenced miR-122 and the lymphocyte numbers. This is the first study with these results, and it may lead to a new perspective on the inter-relationships between microRNAs and therapy in HBV patients.
Ceramics and Nanostructures for Energy Harvesting and Storage
Authors: Tkach Alexander , Okhay Olena
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the worldwide research in the field of energy harvesting and storage has focused on the development of clean and sustainable methods that can respond to the rising energy demands of humankind [...]
Interaction of a Porphyrin Aluminum Metal–Organic Framework with Volatile Organic Sulfur Compound Diethyl Sulfide Studied via In Situ and Ex Situ Experiments and DFT Computations
Authors: Ullah Shaheed , McKee Michael L. , Samokhvalov Alexander
Published: November 2023

The study presents complementary experiments and quantum chemical DFT computations to reveal the molecular-level interactions of an advanced nanomaterial, porphyrin aluminum metal–organic framework (compound 2), with the volatile organic sulfur compound diethyl sulfide (DES). First, the intermolecular host–guest interactions during the sorption of DES were explored under dynamic conditions, using the vapor of DES in flowing air. The in situ time-dependent ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in a controlled atmosphere was significantly improved though the use of a new facilely built spectroscopic mini-chamber. The binding site of DES in compound 2 involves the μ(O–H) and COO- groups of the linker of the sorbent. Further, the chemical kinetics of the sorption of DES was investigated, and it follows the Langmuir adsorption kinetic model. That is, depending on the time interval, the process obeys either the pseudo-first- or pseudo-second-order rate law. For the Langmuir adsorption of the pseudo-first order, the rate constant is robs = 0.165 ± 0.017 min−1. Next, the interaction of compound 2 with the saturated vapor of DES yields the adsorption complex compound 3 [Al-MOF-TCPPH2]2(DES)7. The adsorbed amount of DES is very large at 36.5 wt.% or 365 mg/g sorbent, one of the highest values reported on any sorbent. The molecular modes of bonding of DES in the complex were investigated through quantum chemical DFT computations. The adsorption complex was facilely regenerated by gentle heating. The advanced functional material in this work has significant potential in the environmental remediation of diethyl sulfide and related volatile organic sulfur compounds in air, and it is an interesting target of mechanistic studies of sorption.
Nutrients as Risk Factors and Treatments for Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Petry Clive J.
Published: November 2023

Gestational diabetes (GDM), traditionally defined as any form of glucose intolerance first detected in pregnancy [...]
The Amount of Fluid Intake among Pregnant Women in China Increases with Pregnancy Progression: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Song Yongye , Zhang Fan , Wang Xing , Lin Guotian , He Limin , Lin Zhixiong , Zhang Na , Ma Guansheng
Published: November 2023

Fluid intake and hydration status during pregnancy may have influences on maternal and infant health. However, few studies have recorded and analyzed total fluid intake (TFI) levels during the whole pregnancy. This study mainly aimed to investigate the TFI levels of pregnant women in three trimesters, and further to assess their hydration status. The relationships of TFI and hydration status were also analyzed. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit pregnant women from the Haikou Maternity and Child Health Hospital in China in this prospective cohort study. A 7-day 24 h fluid intake questionnaire was used for recording the fluid intake of the participants in their three trimesters. Fasting blood samples and first morning urine samples were also collected and tested. Hydration status was evaluated using urine osmolality. Finally, 142 pregnant women completed the study. The median TFIs in the first, second, and third trimesters were 1336, 1477, and 1584 mL, respectively. The TFI levels increased with pregnancy progression (χ2 = 134.155, p < 0.05). Out of 142 participants, 100.0%, 97.2%, and 85.2% of participants did not reach the recommendation amount for an adequate TFI among Chinese pregnant women in the three trimesters, respectively (χ2 = 29.840, p < 0.05). Plain water was the main source of fluid intake, accounting for 92.0%, 94.2%, and 93.4% of TFI, respectively. The median values of dairy product intake were 61, 57, and 59 mL in the three trimesters. The frequency of participants without an optimal hydration status in the three trimesters was 71.8%, 76.1%, and 83.1%, respectively (χ2 = 29.909, p < 0.05). The participants of each trimester were divided into four groups according to quartiles of TFI, including participants with a lower fluid intake (LFI1 and LFI2) and higher fluid intake (HFI1 and HFI2). As the TFI values increased from the LFI1 group to the HFI2 group, the urine osmolality decreased (all p < 0.05). Moderate-intensity negative correlations were found between urine osmolality, hydration status, and TFI (all p < 0.05). It is suggested that fluid intake strategies should be promoted and health education should be conducted to improve the hydration status of pregnant women.
Off-Shell Duality Invariance of Schwarzschild Perturbation Theory
Authors: Solomon Adam R.
Published: November 2023

We explore the duality invariance of the Maxwell and linearized Einstein–Hilbert actions on a non-rotating black hole background. On-shell, these symmetries are electric–magnetic duality and Chandrasekhar duality, respectively. Off-shell, they lead to conserved quantities; we demonstrate that one of the consequences of these conservation laws is that even- and odd-parity metric perturbations have equal Love numbers. Along the way, we derive an action principle for the Fackerell–Ipser equation and Teukolsky–Starobinsky identities in electromagnetism.
Derivation and Clinical Utility of Safety Targets for Linezolid-Related Adverse Events in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Keutzer Lina , Mockeliunas Laurynas , Sturkenboom Marieke G. G. , Bolhuis Mathieu S. , Akkerman Onno W. , Simonsson Ulrika S. H.
Published: November 2023

Long-term usage of linezolid can result in adverse events such as peripheral neuropathy, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Therapeutic drug monitoring data from 75 drug-resistant tuberculosis patients treated with linezolid were analyzed using a time-to-event (TTE) approach for peripheral neuropathy and anemia and indirect response modelling for thrombocytopenia. Different time-varying linezolid pharmacokinetic exposure indices (AUC0–24h,ss, Cav, Cmax and Cmin) and patient characteristics were investigated as risk factors. A treatment duration shorter than 3 months was considered dropout and was modelled using a TTE approach. An exposure–response relationship between linezolid Cmin and both peripheral neuropathy and anemia was found. The exposure index which best described the development of thrombocytopenia was AUC0–24h. The final TTE dropout model indicated an association between linezolid Cmin and dropout. New safety targets for each adverse event were proposed which can be used for individualized linezolid dosing. According to the model predictions at 6 months of treatment, a Cmin of 0.11 mg/L and 1.4 mg/L should not be exceeded to keep the cumulative probability to develop anemia and peripheral neuropathy below 20%. The AUC0–24h should be below 111 h·mg/L or 270 h·mg/L to prevent thrombocytopenia and severe thrombocytopenia, respectively. A clinical utility assessment showed that the currently recommended dose of 600 mg once daily is safer compared to a 300 mg BID dosing strategy considering all four safety endpoints.
Naphthoquinones as a Promising Class of Compounds for Facing the Challenge of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Santos Thaís Barreto , de Moraes Leonardo Gomes Cavalieri , Pacheco Paulo Anastácio Furtado , dos Santos Douglas Galdino , Ribeiro Rafaella Machado de Assis Cabral , Moreira Caroline dos Santos , da Rocha David Rodrigues
Published: November 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative disease that affects approximately 6.1 million people and is primarily caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Naphthoquinones have several biological activities explored in the literature, including neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this review shows an overview of naphthoquinones with neuroprotective effects, such as shikonin, plumbagin and vitamin K, that prevented oxidative stress, in addition to multiple mechanisms. Synthetic naphthoquinones with inhibitory activity on the P2X7 receptor were also found, leading to a neuroprotective effect on Neuro-2a cells. It was found that naphthazarin can act as inhibitors of the MAO-B enzyme. Vitamin K and synthetic naphthoquinones hybrids with tryptophan or dopamine showed inhibition of the aggregation of α-synuclein. Synthetic derivatives of juglone and naphthazarin were able to protect Neuro-2a cells against neurodegenerative effects of neurotoxins. In addition, routes for producing synthetic derivatives were also discussed. With the data presented, 1,4-naphthoquinones can be considered as a promising class in the treatment of PD and this review aims to assist the scientific community in the application of these compounds. The derivatives presented can also support further research that explores their structures as synthetic platforms, in addition to helping to understand the interaction of naphthoquinones with biological targets related to PD.
Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Epi-Obtusane against Cervical Cancer: Nano Formulation, In Silico Molecular Docking, and Pharmacological Network Analysis
Authors: Abdelhafez Omnia Hesham , Abdel-Rahman Islam M. , Alaaeldin Eman , Refaat Hesham , El-Sayed Refat , Al-Harbi Sami A. , Shawky Ahmed M. , Hegazy Mohamed-Elamir F. , Moustafa Alaa Y. , Shady Nourhan Hisham
Published: November 2023

Cancer is a major disease that threatens human health all over the world. Intervention and prevention in premalignant processes are successful ways to prevent cancer from striking. On the other hand, the marine ecosystem is a treasure storehouse of promising bioactive metabolites. The use of such marine products can be optimized by selecting a suitable nanocarrier. Therefore, epi-obtusane, previously isolated from Aplysia oculifera, was investigated for its potential anticancer effects toward cervical cancer through a series of in vitro assays in HeLa cells using the MTT assay method. Additionally, the sesquiterpene was encapsulated within a liposomal formulation (size = 130.8 ± 50.3, PDI = 0.462, zeta potential −12.3 ± 2.3), and the antiproliferative potential of epi-obtusane was investigated against the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa before and after encapsulation with liposomes. Epi-obtusane exhibited a potent effect against the HeLa cell line, while the formulated molecule with liposomes increased the in vitro antiproliferative activity. Additionally, cell cycle arrest analysis, as well as the apoptosis assay, performed via FITC-Annexin-V/propidium iodide double staining (flow cytofluorimetry), were carried out. The pharmacological network enabled us to deliver further insights into the mechanism of epi-obtusane, suggesting that STAT3 might be targeted by the compound. Moreover, molecular docking showed a comparable binding score of the isolated compound towards the STAT3 SH2 domain. The targets possess an anticancer effect through the endometrial cancer pathway, regulation of DNA templated transcription, and nitric oxide synthase, as mentioned by the KEGG and ShinyGo 7.1 databases.