bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Dermatologic Diagnostic Ability on Skin of Colour in Preclinical Medical Students
Authors: Greene Adina , Ghalambor Tara , Penner Scott , Irwin Chase , Hastings K. Taraszka
Published: September 2024

Background

Various studies have revealed that there is a disproportionately low representation of skin of colour (SOC) in medical school dermatologic curriculum and board study resources.

Methods

First-year and second-year medical students were emailed an 18-question survey regarding (1) identifying correct diagnoses of dermatologic conditions on either White skin or SOC and (2) their confidence in identifying dermatologic conditions on SOC.

Results

15% of the images of dermatologic conditions included in the institutional preclinical curriculum show images of patients with SOC. Regarding overall scores for diagnosing dermatologic diseases, students performed similarly on both the White image survey (61.73%) and SOC image survey (66.20%) with no statistically significant differences between surveys (p = 0.14). Second-year medical students performed better than first-year medical students overall (p = 0.01) and on White skin image survey scores (p = 0.02) but not on people of colour image survey scores (p = 0.09). Students largely agreed that they were more comfortable identifying dermatologic diagnoses on White skin and that their school could benefit from increased SOC dermatological resources.

Conclusion

The overall low scores for the diagnosis of common skin conditions on both the White image and SOC image survey by first- and second-year students are not surprising given the results of a prior study and support the need for re-exposure to dermatology presentations in all skin types during the preclinical curriculum. The low scores support the need for changes in the pre-clinical dermatology curriculum to improve diagnostic ability. Second-year students performed better at diagnosing dermatologic conditions overall and on White skin compared to SOC at the end of their didactic years, possibly due to an underrepresentation of SOC images in institutional and outside educational resources. Attitudes towards school-specific dermatologic SOC education demonstrated a clear desire amongst students for more exposure to dermatologic conditions in various skin colours throughout the curriculum.
Thermoplasmonic Effect Enables Indirect ON–OFF Control over the Z‐E Isomerization of Azobenzene‐Based Photoswitch
Authors: Tarnowicz‐Staniak Nina , Staniak Mateusz , Dudek Marta , Grzelczak Marek , Matczyszyn Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

Proper formulation of systems containing plasmonic and photochromic units, such as gold nanoparticles and azobenzene derivatives, yields materials and interfaces with synergic functionalities. Moreover, gold nanoparticles are known to accelerate the Z‐E isomerization of azobenzene molecules in the dark. However, very little is known about the light‐driven, plasmon‐assisted Z‐E isomerization of azobenzene compounds. Additionally, most of the azobenzene‐gold hybrids are prepared with nanoparticles of small, isotropic shapes and azobenzene ligands covalently linked to the surface of nanostructures. Herein, a formulation of an innovative system combining azobenzene derivative, gold nanorods, and cellulose nanofibers is proposed. The system's structural integrity relies on electrostatic interactions among components instead of covalent linkage. Cellulose, a robust scaffold, maintains the material's functionality in water and enables monitoring of the material's plasmonic‐photochromic properties upon irradiation and at elevated temperatures without gold nanorods aggregation. Experimental evidence supported by statistical analysis suggests that the optical properties of plasmonic nanometal enable indirect control over the Z‐E isomerization of the photochromic component with near‐infrared irradiation by triggering the thermoplasmonic effect. The proposed hybrid material's dual plasmonic‐photochromic functionality, versatility, and ease of processing render a convenient starting point for further advanced azobenzene‐related research and 3D printing of macroscopic light‐responsive structures.
Surface Reconstruction Regulation of Co3N Through Heterostructure Engineering Toward Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zeng Ye , Zheng Jiaxian , Zhang Heru , Yao Fen , Deng Dingrong , Wu Qihui , Makgwane Peter R. , Liang Hanfeng
Published: September 2024

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts generally experience structural and electronic modifications during electrocatalysis. This phenomenon, referred to as surface reconstruction, results in the formation of catalytically active species that act as real OER sites. Controlling surface reconstruction therefore is vital for enhancing the OER performance of electrocatalysts. In this study, a new approach is introduced of heterostructure engineering to facilitate the surface reconstruction of target catalysts. Using MnCo carbonate hydroxide (MnCo─CH)@Co3N as a demonstration, it is discovered that the surface reconstruction occurs more readily and rapidly on MnCo─CH@Co3N than on Co3N. More interestingly, during the reconstruction process, Mn species migrate to the surface, enabling the in situ formation of highly active Mn‐doped CoOOH. Consequently, the MnCo─CH@Co3N catalyst after reconstruction exhibits a low overpotential of 257 mV at 10 mA cm−2, compared to 379 mV of individual Co3N. This work offers fresh perspectives on understanding the enhanced OER performance of heterostructure electrocatalysts and the role of heterostructure in promoting surface reconstruction.
A new neoceratopsian (Ornithischia, Ceratopsia) from the Lower Cretaceous Ohyamashimo Formation (Albian), southwestern Japan
Authors: Tanaka Tomonori , Chiba Kentaro , Ikeda Tadahiro , Ryan Michael J.
Published: September 2024

The herbivorous dinosaur clade Ceratopsia flourished in the northern hemisphere during the Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous. Previous palaeobiogeographic studies have suggested that their initial diversification occurred in Asia, with early‐branching neoceratopsians extending their geographical range to North America sometime during the Barremian to Albian. However, the specific timing and mode of their dispersal from Asia to North America remains unknown. Here we describe a new, early‐branching neoceratopsian, Sasayamagnomus saegusai gen. et sp. nov., from the Albian Ohyamashimo Formation in southwestern Japan, representing the easternmost fossil record of ceratopsians in Asia. Sasayamagnomus exhibits three diagnostic features in the jugal, squamosal and coracoid, respectively, and also has a unique combination of characters in the lacrimal. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that Sasayamagnomus forms a clade with Aquilops americanus, one of the earliest neoceratopsians from North America, followed by the sister taxon Auroraceratops rugosus from China. The present time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree indicates that the immigration of neoceratopsians from Asia to North America occurred during the latest Aptian or early Albian, refining the previously suggested timeframe. This aligns with fragmentary neoceratopsian fossil records from the Lower Cretaceous of North America and the initial formation of the Bering land bridge. Furthermore, the simultaneous occurrence of global warming (which enabled the development of extensive forests in the Arctic region) and the emergence of the Bering land bridge during the Aptian–Albian, probably played a crucial role in facilitating the immigration of neoceratopsians from Asia to North America.
Individual Networks of Practice and Socialization into Academic Writing Outside the Classroom: A Case Study of an English Learner in Japan
Authors: Bankier John
Published: September 2024

The theory of language socialization and its subfield academic discourse socialization consider how newcomers are socialized into the practices and identities of communities through interaction with various communicative partners. Drawing on the framework of individual networks of practice, this case study considers the academic writing practices of an English as a foreign language (EFL) learner (Tomomi) at a university in Japan through the lens of her outside‐classroom social network. Data were drawn from a study of seven first‐year Japanese university students and included interviews, writing assignments with written feedback, and class materials. Through inductive qualitative analysis, shared English academic discourse practices were identified across all participants. For this case study, Tomomi's interview accounts and out‐of‐class social network were considered in light of these practices to determine her socialization trajectory. Analysis showed Tomomi leveraged many informal social ties to access writing‐related support outside the classroom, building knowledge of (and sense of competence in) writing practices. Her interpretations of teacher‐written feedback shaped how she evaluated peers as sources of writing support, leading Tomomi to refine her network to individuals who could best support her socialization. The study demonstrates how socialization into academic practices in EFL contexts can also transform out‐of‐class networks.
A review of the scientific literature on experimental toxicity studies of COVID-19 vaccines, with special attention to publications in toxicology journals
Authors: Domingo Jose L.
Published: September 2024

Since the reports of the first cases of COVID-19, in less than 5 years, a huge number of documents regarding that disease and the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the infection, have been published. The tremendous number of scientific documents covers many topics on different issues directly related to COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. The number of articles—including reviews—reporting adverse/side effects of the approved COVID-19 vaccines is considerable. A wide range of adverse/side effects have been reported in humans after COVID-19 vaccination: thrombotic events/thrombocytopenia, myocarditis/pericarditis, cutaneous reactions, immune-mediated effects, psychiatric adverse events, systemic lupus erythematosus, reproductive toxicity, and other miscellaneous adverse effects. In contrast, information on nonclinical studies conducted to assess the potential toxicity/adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccines in laboratory animals, is comparatively very scarce. The present review was aimed at revising the scientific literature regarding the studies in laboratory animals on the toxic/adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, the investigations reported in those specific toxicology journals with the highest impact factors have been examined one by one. The results of the present review indicate that most nonclinical/experimental studies on the adverse/toxic effects of the COVID-19 vaccines and/or potential candidates showed—in general terms—a good safety profile. Only in some animal studies were certain adverse effects found. However, a rather surprising result has been the limited number of available (in the databases PubMed and Scopus) nonclinical studies performed by the companies that have been the largest manufacturers of mRNA vaccines in the world. It is assumed that these studies have been conducted. However, they have not been published in scientific journals, which does not allow the judgment of the international scientific community, including toxicologists.
Approximation of Classical Two-Phase Flows of Viscous Incompressible Fluids by a Navier–Stokes/Allen–Cahn System
Authors: Abels Helmut , Fischer Julian , Moser Maximilian
Published: September 2024

We show convergence of the Navier–Stokes/Allen–Cahn system to a classical sharp interface model for the two-phase flow of two viscous incompressible fluids with same viscosities in a smooth bounded domain in two and three space dimensions as long as a smooth solution of the limit system exists. Moreover, we obtain error estimates with the aid of a relative entropy method. Our results hold provided that the mobility $$m_\varepsilon >0$$

m
ε

>
0

in the Allen–Cahn equation tends to zero in a subcritical way, i.e., $$m_\varepsilon = m_0 \varepsilon ^\beta $$

m
ε

=

m
0

ε
β

for some $$\beta \in (0,2)$$

β
∈
(
0
,
2
)

and $$m_0>0$$

m
0

>
0

. The proof proceeds by showing via a relative entropy argument that the solution to the Navier–Stokes/Allen–Cahn system remains close to the solution of a perturbed version of the two-phase flow problem, augmented by an extra mean curvature flow term $$m_\varepsilon H_{\Gamma _t}$$

m
ε

H

Γ
t

in the interface motion. In a second step, it is easy to see that the solution to the perturbed problem is close to the original two-phase flow.
Impact of sprint interval training on post-fatigue mitochondrial rate in professional boxers
Authors: Usher Andrew , Babraj John
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Professional boxing is a sport that requires a high aerobic capacity to prevent fatigue and allow athletes to perform over 4–12 rounds. Typically, athletes will go into a heavy training period in a pre-bout camp lasting 6 to 9 weeks. This study investigates the impact of 3 weeks of repeated Wingate sprint interval training, performed on standard gym ergometer bikes, on skeletal muscle endurance and mitochondrial function.

Methods

Ten male professional boxers (age: 26 ± 4 years, height: 175 ± 5 cm, weight: 70 ± 5 kg) participated in the study. Baseline testing involved a NIRS monitor attached to the rectus femoris muscle prior to an incremental time to exhaustion test on a treadmill. After the treadmill test participants underwent a series of arterial occlusions to determine mitochondrial function post-volitional exhaustion. Participants then continued their own training for 3 weeks and then repeated baseline testing. After the second testing session, participants undertook three weekly sprint sessions consisting of 3 × 30 s maximal sprints with 60 s recovery. Testing was repeated 3 weeks later.

Results

The time to exhaustion increased by > 6% after 3 weeks of sprint interval training as compared to baseline and control (p < 0.05). Skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) at exhaustion was increased by 5.5% after 3 weeks of sprint interval training as compared to baseline and control (p = 0.008). Skeletal muscle mitochondrial rate post exhaustion was increased by 160% after 3 weeks of sprint interval training as compared to baseline and control (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that SIT led to increased incremental time to exhaustion, higher SmO2 levels at volitional exhaustion and increased mitochondrial rates in professional boxers. These findings suggest that SIT should be an integral part of a boxe’s conditioning regimen to improve performance and safety within the ring.
Photobiomodulation therapy as an adjunct to resistance exercises on muscle metrics, functional balance, functional capacity, and physical performance among older adults: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Kumar Prabal , Umakanth Shashikiran , N Girish
Published: September 2024

This scoping review aims to summarize the literature on photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy as an adjunct to resistance exercise among older adults, focusing on its effects on muscle metrics, functional balance, capacity, and physical performance. The participants included were older adults aged ≥ 60 years and either gender. The concept was the application of PBM and resistance exercises with no limits on the context parameters. The databases Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception till February 2024. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0. A total of 10 studies were included in the review. PBM, along with resistance training, was reported in six studies, whereas four reported PBM with isometric fatigue protocol. PBM with a wavelength of 808 nm was given on the belly of the rectus femoris muscle in most of the studies. The common dosimetry parameters used were- power density 35.7 W/cm2, energy density 250 J/cm2, 8 sites, energy per site 7 J, duration of 70 s per site, spot size per diode of 0.028 cm2, and stationary contact of application. The application of PBM therapy alongside resistance exercise has been found to improve muscle metrics, functional capacity, and functional performance and reduce fatigability when compared with the control group in most of the studies. When incorporating PBM therapy as an adjunct to resistance training, it is crucial to consider the dosimetry parameters involved—to achieve the intended therapeutic effect. Adjusting treatment parameters with this information can optimize the effectiveness of PBM therapy and improve treatment outcomes for patients.
From zero to hero: ramp-up management as a new cross-cutting business process management capability
Authors: Albrecht Tobias , Lösser Benedict , Röglinger Maximilian
Published: September 2024

Changing business environments challenge and motivate organizations to transform. To remain competitive, organizations need to embrace these dynamics and make radical changes to how work is performed. Business process management (BPM) as a holistic management discipline offers mature methods and end-to-end management activities. However, it is subject to the tension between stability and change. While change through the improvement of existing business processes is well understood, the implementation and scaling of novel business processes have been neglected in BPM research. Hence, this paper proposes business process ramp-up management (BPRUM) as a new cross-cutting capability area for contemporary and future BPM and explores relevant sub-capabilities. Our work synthesizes insights from an exploratory interview study with 21 subject matter experts to advance the understanding of BPM as a corporate capability regarding the implementation and scaling of novel processes. As a result, this study illustrates how BPRUM adds to modern BPM and presents 40 action-oriented sub-capabilities that provide hands-on knowledge and practical guidance for effective BPRUM. Thereby, it serves as a foundation for further theorizing on process ramp-up and for structuring discussions among BPM practitioners.
Universal conceptual modeling: principles, benefits, and an agenda for conceptual modeling research
Authors: Lukyanenko Roman , Samuel Binny M. , Parsons Jeffrey , Storey Veda C. , Pastor Oscar , Jabbari Araz
Published: September 2024

The paper proposes universal conceptual modeling, conceptual modeling that strives to be as general-purpose as possible and accessible to anyone, professionals and non-experts alike. The idea of universal conceptual modeling is meant to catalyze new thinking in conceptual modeling and be used to evaluate and develop conceptual modeling solutions, such as modeling languages, approaches for requirements elicitation, or modeling tools. These modeling solutions should be usable by as many people and design agents as possible and for as many purposes as possible, aspiring to the ideals of universal conceptual modeling. We propose foundations of universal conceptual modeling in the form of six principles: flexibility, accessibility, ubiquity, minimalism, primitivism, and modularity. We then demonstrate the utility of these principles to evaluate existing conceptual modeling languages and understand conceptual modeling practices. Finally, we propose future research opportunities meant to realize the ideals of universal conceptual modeling.
Data-Driven Fault Detection and Isolation for Multirotor System Using Koopman Operator
Authors: Lee Jayden Dongwoo , Im Sukjae , Kim Lamsu , Ahn Hyungjoo , Bang Hyochoong
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a data-driven fault detection and isolation (FDI) for a multirotor system using Koopman operator and Luenberger observer. Koopman operator is an infinite-dimensional linear operator that can transform nonlinear dynamical systems into linear ones. Using this transformation, our aim is to apply the linear fault detection method to the nonlinear system. Initially, a Koopman operator-based linear model is derived to represent the multirotor system, considering factors like non-diagonal inertial tensor, center of gravity variations, aerodynamic effects, and actuator dynamics. Various candidate lifting functions are evaluated for prediction performance and compared using the root mean square error to identify the most suitable one. Subsequently, a Koopman operator-based Luenberger observer is proposed using the lifted linear model to generate residuals for identifying faulty actuators. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed observer in detecting actuator faults such as bias and loss of effectiveness, without the need for an explicitly defined fault dataset.
A Vibration Decoupling System for TES Operation in the COSINUS Dry Dilution Refrigerator
Authors: Kellermann M. , Angloher G. , Bharadawj M. R. , Cababie M. , Dafinei I. , Di Marco N. , Einfalt L. , Ferroni F. , Fichtinger S. , Filipponi A. , Frank T. , Friedl M. , Ge Z. , Heikinheimo M. , Hughes M. N. , Huitu K. , Maji R. , Mancuso M. , Pagnanini L. , Petricca F. , Pirro S. , Pröbst F. , Profeta G. , Puiu A. , Reindl F. , Schäffner K. , Schieck J. , Schmiedmayer D. , Schreiner P. , Schwertner C. , Stahlberg M. , Stendahl A. , Stukel M. J. , Tresca C. , Wagner F. , Yue S. , Zema V. , Zhu Y.
Published: September 2024

COSINUS will be among the first underground experiments to operate Transition Edge Sensors in a dry dilution refrigerator, measuring temperature changes on the order of $$\mu$$
μ
K. A pulse tube cryocooler is used to cool down to 3K, trading simplified handling, by not using liquid noble gases, for an increased vibration noise level in the acoustic frequency range. As the signals measured with a TES are in the same frequency region, it is necessary to decouple the detectors from all possible noise sources. In COSINUS, a two-level passive decoupling system was developed and tested using piezo-based accelerometers. At the first level, the refrigerator is mechanically isolated from all external noise sources. For the second level an internal spring-based system was developed and tested on a mockup system. On the first level a reduction of the vibrational background up to a factor 4 below 10 Hz could be measured. On the second level a resonance frequency of 1.2 Hz with damping of higher frequencies was achieved.
Effect of particle size on SiO2 nanofluid viscosity determined by a two-step method
Authors: Yalçın Gökberk , Öztuna Semiha , Dalkılıç Ahmet Selim , Wongwises Somchai
Published: September 2024

According to review of the literature, the influence of nanoparticle diameter with irregular shapes on viscosity requires further research since there is no relation between particle size and nanofluid stability. In this study, SiO2/EG–water-based nanofluid samples were prepared, and their viscosities were experimentally determined. SiO2 nanoparticles had sizes of 7, 15, and 40 nm, and the base fluid was a 50% ethylene glycol and 50% water mixture. Nanofluid samples were prepared using a two-step technique. Viscosity change was measured every 10 °C from 20 to 60 °C. The maximum viscosity values were observed for 7, 15, and 40 nm particles over an entire concentration range. Considering all measurements, the highest viscosity increase was 60.51% for 3% SiO2 (7 nm) at 60 °C, and the lowest viscosity change was 7.72% for 1% SiO2 (40 nm) at 40 °C. The most stable sample of the current study was 1% SiO2 (15 nm), and its Zeta potential was − 35.6 mV. Finally, a new empirical equation that included temperature, particle diameter, and concentration terms is suggested to predict dynamic viscosity, with R
adj
2
 = 0.98. It was also compared with previous correlations.
Diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiography and panoramic radiography in the detection of apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Stera Giulio , Giusti Martina , Magnini Andrea , Calistri Linda , Izzetti Rossana , Nardi Cosimo
Published: September 2024

Objective

Apical periodontitis (AP) is one of the most common pathologies of the oral cavity. An early and accurate diagnosis of AP lesions is crucial for proper management and planning of endodontic treatments. This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiography (PR) and panoramic radiography (PAN) in the detection of clinically/surgically/histopathologically confirmed AP lesions.

Method

A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was limited to English language articles via PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases up to June 30, 2023. Such articles provided diagnostic accuracy values of PR and/or PAN in the detection of AP lesions or alternatively data needed to calculate them.

Results

Twelve studies met inclusion criteria and were considered for the analysis. The average value of diagnostic accuracy in assessing AP lesions was 71% for PR and 66% for PAN. According to different accuracy for specific anatomical areas, it is recommended to use PR in the analysis of AP lesions located in the upper arch and lower incisor area, whereas lower premolar and molar areas may be investigated with the same accuracy with PR or PAN.

Conclusions

Two-dimensional imaging must be considered the first-level examination for the diagnosis of AP lesions. PR had an overall slightly higher diagnostic accuracy than PAN. Evidence from this review provided a useful tool to support radiologists and dentists in their decision-making when inflammatory periapical bone lesions are suspected to achieve the best clinical outcome for patients, improving the quality of clinical practice.
Marginal models with individual-specific effects for the analysis of longitudinal bipartite networks
Authors: Bartolucci Francesco , Mira Antonietta , Peluso Stefano
Published: September 2024

A new modeling framework for bipartite social networks arising from a sequence of partially time-ordered relational events is proposed. We directly model the joint distribution of the binary variables indicating if each single actor is involved or not in an event. The adopted parametrization is based on first- and second-order effects, formulated as in marginal models for categorical data and free higher order effects. In particular, second-order effects are log-odds ratios with meaningful interpretation from the social perspective in terms of tendency to cooperate, in contrast to first-order effects interpreted in terms of tendency of each single actor to participate in an event. These effects are parametrized on the basis of the event times, so that suitable latent trajectories of individual behaviors may be represented. Inference is based on a composite likelihood function, maximized by an algorithm with numerical complexity proportional to the square of the number of units in the network. A classification composite likelihood is used to cluster the actors, simplifying the interpretation of the data structure. The proposed approach is illustrated on simulated data and on a dataset of scientific articles published in four top statistical journals from 2003 to 2012.
Phase-Field Modeling of Kinetics of Diffusive Phase Transformation in Compositionally-Graded Ni-Based Superalloys
Authors: Riyahi khorasgani Ahmadreza , Younan Micheal , Steinbach Ingo , Kundin Julia
Published: September 2024

Kinetics of the $$\gamma$$
γ
/$$\gamma ^{\prime}$$

γ
′

phase transformation and the interdiffusion phenomena in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys, under isothermal annealing and composition gradient, is investigated through the phase-field and continuum diffusion models. The employed models in the present work exploit CALPHAD-based thermodynamics and kinetics databases, in order to perform realistic simulations. We specifically predict the interdiffusion of elements for a hypothetical alloy AlCoCrTaNi/Ni diffusion couple, equivalent to the CMSX-10/Ni diffusion couple, at 1323 K. Accordingly, the phase fraction and morphology of $$\gamma ^{\prime}$$

γ
′

precipitations in the $$\gamma$$
γ
matrix is simulated as well. The implemented multi-component diffusion model takes into account vacancies and pore formation, reflecting Kirkendall effect. Furthermore, the time evolution of morphology parameters of the precipitate-depleted zone in the diffusive region (i.e., the position and the size) are estimated.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of atrial fibrillation among older patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction hospitalized for acute heart failure
Authors: De Matteis Giuseppe , Burzo Maria Livia , Serra Amato , Della Polla Davide Antonio , Nicolazzi Maria Anna , Simeoni Benedetta , Gasbarrini Antonio , Franceschi Francesco , Gambassi Giovanni , Covino Marcello
Published: September 2024

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are often coexisting conditions, but their interrelationship has not yet been clarified. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of AF among older patients with HFpEF hospitalized for acute HF (AHF). The study included patients 65 years of age and older who were admitted to the Emergency Department due to AHF from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of AF. The primary endpoint was all-cause, in-hospital mortality. Overall, 770 patients with HFpEF were included, mean age 82 years, 53% were females. Nearly, a third (30%) of these patients had a concomitant AF and they were significantly older and had higher N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) values. Overall, the in-hospital mortality rate was much higher among HFpEF patients with AF compared to those without AF (11.4% vs 6.9%, respectively; p = 0.037). At multivariate analysis, AF emerged as an independent risk factor for death (OR 1.73 [1.03–2.92]; p = 0.038). Among older patients with HFpEF admitted for AHF, the coexistence of AF was associated with a nearly twofold increased risk of all-cause in-hospital mortality. Patients with HFpEF and AF describe a phenotype of older and more symptomatic patients, with higher NT-proBNP, left atrial enlargement, right ventricular dysfunction, and higher CV mortality.
K-stability of Fano 3-folds of Picard rank 3 and degree 22
Authors: Cheltsov Ivan
Published: September 2024

We prove K-stability of smooth Fano 3-folds of Picard rank 3 and degree 22 that satisfy very explicit generality condition.
Multiplex measures for higher-order networks
Authors: Lotito Quintino Francesco , Montresor Alberto , Battiston Federico
Published: September 2024

A wide variety of complex systems are characterized by interactions of different types involving varying numbers of units. Multiplex hypergraphs serve as a tool to describe such structures, capturing distinct types of higher-order interactions among a collection of units. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive set of measures to describe structural connectivity patterns in multiplex hypergraphs, considering scales from node and hyperedge levels to the system’s mesoscale. We validate our measures with three real-world datasets: scientific co-authorship in physics, movie collaborations, and high school interactions. This validation reveals new collaboration patterns, identifies trends within and across movie subfields, and provides insights into daily interaction dynamics. Our framework aims to offer a more nuanced characterization of real-world systems marked by both multiplex and higher-order interactions.
From traditional packaging to smart bio-packaging for food safety: a review
Authors: Siciliano Sarah , Lopresto Catia Giovanna , Lamonaca Francesco
Published: September 2024

The need to urgently find alternative plant-based biodegradable fibres is not just important, it is a pressing necessity. The severe environmental damage caused by plastic packaging materials demands immediate action. It is a responsibility that everybody should share to reduce the global plastic pollution rate and environmental footprint. Biodegradable films from natural and waste products have gained considerable consideration for their ability to guarantee optimal product conservation while avoiding any risk of contamination or intoxication. Therefore, this overview addresses recent developments in food packaging and the application of sensors to indicate possible packed food spoilage. The new role of food packaging was discussed widely, from traditional to bio-based, active and intelligent packaging. Until a few years ago, food packaging had the sole purpose of protecting food from external contamination. However, the barrier effect is no longer enough: the packaging should act directly on the food and the surrounding space. The interesting innovation that responds to this need is active and intelligent packaging, a market with solid growth in recent years. It allows the enhancement of food conservation and the detection of pathogens while maintaining good monitoring of the environment inside the package, continuously recording the food conditions. This more complete and interactive information is recorded thanks to special analytical devices: sensors. They can detect and transmit a message to the consumer about food quality, freshness and safety, thanks to the ability to record internal and external changes in the product’s environment. However, these devices are not free from limitations, such as costs and performance, which limit their wider use.
On Negative Conglomerability
Authors: Miranda Enrique , Zaffalon Marco
Published: September 2024

We focus on the notion of negative conglomerability. This is far less known than its counterpart, conglomerability. Both relate to the combination of conditional and unconditional information, with the latter taking in particular a foundational role in the special case of infinite partitions of the possibility space. The two notions look superficially very similar and are even equivalent in the case of precise probabilistic models. In the present paper, we do a thorough technical study of their relations with other main concepts in the literature, such as marginal extension and dilation, both in the precise and imprecise case. Moreover, we discuss why they are somewhat surprisingly different from the prescriptive point of view, in that conglomerability has a rationality stance that its negative counterpart has not.
NORMALISATION FOR NEGATIVE FREE LOGICS WITHOUT AND WITH DEFINITE DESCRIPTIONS
Authors: KÜRBIS NILS
Published: September 2024

This paper proves normalisation theorems for intuitionist and classical negative free logic, without and with the operator for definite descriptions. Rules specific to free logic give rise to new kinds of maximal formulas additional to those familiar from standard intuitionist and classical logic. When is added it must be ensured that reduction procedures involving replacements of parameters by terms do not introduce new maximal formulas of higher degree than the ones removed. The problem is solved by a rule that permits restricting these terms in the rules for

$\forall $

,

$\exists $

and to parameters or constants. A restricted subformula property for deductions in systems without is considered. It is improved upon by an alternative formalisation of free logic building on an idea of Jaśkowski’s. In the classical system the rules for require treatment known from normalisation for classical logic with

$\lor $

or

$\exists $

. The philosophical significance of the results is also indicated.
Geographic Variations in Urban‐Rural Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations in the United States, 2010–2019
Authors: Kilpatrick Daniel J. , Hung Peiyin , Crouch Elizabeth , Self Stella , Cothran Jeremy , Porter Dwayne E. , Eberth Jan M.
Published: September 2024

Fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is a widely studied pollutant with substantial health impacts, yet little is known about the urban‐rural differences across the United States. Trends of PM2.5 in urban and rural census tracts between 2010 and 2019 were assessed alongside sociodemographic characteristics including race/ethnicity, poverty, and age. For 2010, we identified 13,474 rural tracts and 59,065 urban tracts. In 2019, 13,462 were rural and 59,055 urban. Urban tracts had significantly higher PM2.5 concentrations than rural tracts during this period. Levels of PM2.5 were lower in rural tracts compared to urban and fell more rapidly in rural than urban. Rural tract annual means for 2010 and 2019 were 8.51 [2.24] μg/m3 and 6.41 [1.29] μg/m3, respectively. Urban tract annual means for 2010 and 2019 were 9.56 [2.04] μg/m3 and 7.51 [1.40] μg/m3, respectively. Rural and urban majority Black communities had significantly higher PM2.5 pollution levels (10.19 [1.64] μg/m3 and 9.79 [1.10] μg/m3 respectively), in 2010. In 2019, they were: 7.75 [1.1] μg/m3 and 7.09 [0.78] μg/m3, respectively. Majority Hispanic communities had higher PM2.5 levels and were the highest urban concentration among all races/ethnicities (8.01 [1.73] μg/m3), however they were not the highest rural concentration among all races/ethnicities (6.22 [1.60] μg/m3) in 2019. Associations with higher levels of PM2.5 were found with communities in the poorest quartile and with higher proportions of residents age<15 years old. These findings suggest greater protections for those disproportionately exposed to PM2.5 are needed, such as, increasing the availability of low‐cost air quality monitors.
Fiber-optic drug delivery strategy for synergistic cancer photothermal-chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Yongkang , Zheng Jie , Jin Fangzhou , Xiao Jie , Lan Ni , Xu Zhiyuan , Yue Xu , Li Zesen , Li Chengzhi , Cao Donglin , Wang Yifei , Zhong Wenbin , Ran Yang , Guan Bai-Ou
Published: September 2024

Chemotherapy is one of the conventional treatments for cancer in clinical practice. However, poor delivery efficiency, systemic toxicity, and the lack of pharmacokinetic monitoring during treatment are the critical limitations of current chemotherapy. Herein, we reported a brand-new antitumor drug delivery strategy that harnesses an optical fiber endoscopically therapeutic probe. The fiber probe carries photosensitizers in the fiber core and antitumor agents on the fiber surface mediated by a temperature-responsive hydrogel film, giving rise to an activable photothermal-chemotherapy that orchestrates the localized hyperthermia and thermal-stimuli drug release to the tumor lesion. Furthermore, the dynamical drug release and in-situ temperature can be real-time supervised through the built-in fiber sensors, including the reflective Mach–Zehnder interferometer and fiber Bragg grating, to visualize the therapy process and thus improve the safety of treatment. Compared with conventional methods, the fiber-optic drug delivery can adequately take advantage of the chemotherapeutics through collaboratively recruiting the photoheating-mediated enhanced permeability and the hydrogel particle-assisted high drug retention, shedding new light on a “central-to-peripheral” drug pervasion and retention mechanism to destroy tumors completely. The fiber-optic chemotherapy strategy incorporates precise drug delivery, accurate controllability of drug release, high drug permeability and retention in tumor, low off-target rate, and real-time drug release and temperature feedback, performing a straightforward and precise photothermal-chemotherapy pathway. More than that, the proposed strategy holds tremendous promise to provide a revolutionized on-demand drug delivery platform for the highly efficient evaluation and screening of antitumor pharmaceuticals.
Shieldin and CST co-orchestrate DNA polymerase-dependent tailed-end joining reactions independently of 53BP1-governed repair pathway choice
Authors: King Ashleigh , Reichl Pia I. , Metson Jean S. , Parker Robert , Munro Daniella , Oliveira Catarina , Sommerova Lucia , Becker Jordan R. , Biggs Daniel , Preece Chris , Davies Benjamin , Chapman J. Ross
Published: September 2024

Tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) regulates DNA end joining in lymphocytes, diversifying immune antigen receptors. This involves nucleosome-bound 53BP1 at DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) recruiting Rap1-interacting factor 1 homolog (RIF1) and shieldin, a poorly understood DNA-binding complex. The 53BP1–RIF1–shieldin axis is pathological in BRCA1-mutated cancers, blocking homologous recombination (HR) and driving illegitimate nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). However, how this axis regulates DNA end joining and HR suppression remains unresolved. We investigated shieldin and its interplay with the Ctc1–Stn1–Ten1 (CST) complex, which was recently implicated downstream of 53BP1. Immunophenotypically, mice lacking shieldin or CST are equivalent, with class-switch recombination coreliant on both complexes. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase-dependent DNA damage signaling underpins this cooperation, inducing physical interactions between these complexes that reveal shieldin as a DSB-responsive CST adaptor. Furthermore, DNA polymerase ζ functions downstream of shieldin, establishing DNA fill-in synthesis as the physiological function of shieldin–CST. Lastly, we demonstrate that 53BP1 suppresses HR and promotes NHEJ in BRCA1-deficient mice and cells independently of shieldin. These findings showcase the versatility of the 53BP1 pathway, achieved through the collaboration of chromatin-bound 53BP1 complexes and DNA end-processing effector proteins.
Advances in asymmetric moist-electric generators with innovative heterogeneous structures
Authors: Ni Kun , Ren Qinyi , Liu Shanfei , Sun Baoquan , Lai Ying-Chih , Zhang Xiaohong , Liu Ruiyuan
Published: September 2024

This review provides a comprehensive account of high-performance asymmetric moist-electric generators spanning from their fundamental research to real-world applications.
A multi-technique approach for nanoherbicide tracking: uptake and translocation pathways of the metribuzin nanocarrier in weed plants
Authors: Takeshita Vanessa , Preisler Ana Cristina , Munhoz-Garcia Gustavo Vinícios , Carvalho Lucas Bragança , de Werk Pinácio Camila , Oliveira Halley Caixeta , Tornisielo Valdemar Luiz , Cardoso Brian Cintra , Ramalho Eduardo Fonte Boa , Pimpinato Rodrigo Floriano , Dionisio Amanda Martins , Verri Waldiceu Aparecido , Fraceto Leonardo Fernandes
Published: September 2024

A multi-technique approach indicated that the target weed species and application mode can determine the control efficacy and uptake of PCL nanoparticles, and the distribution of the metribuzin herbicide in plants, depending on NP–plant interactions.
Rapid spread, slow evaporation: a long-lasting water film on hydrogel nanowire arrays for continuous wearables
Authors: Li Peijia , Wang Yilin , Qiu Ming , Wang Yixiao , Lu Zhaoxiang , Yu Jianning , Xia Fan , Feng Yun , Tian Ye
Published: September 2024

Strong hydrated water and the capillary resistance of nanowire arrays could synergistically stabilize the water film. Obtained wearable contact lenses can improve comfort and provide superior visual quality and long-term moisturization.
Self-assembly of a giant molybdenum titanium-oxo cluster [Mo42Ti12(O2)24] for bifunctional oxidation catalysis
Authors: Xu Ming , Wang Ting , Zhang Wenjing , Guo Keke , Wang Ping , Qin Chao , Xu Lin , Su Zhongmin , Wang Xinlong
Published: September 2024

A giant {Mo42Ti12} was reported as the largest MoTOC, which exhibits excellent transformation of BA to BAD to BZA.
Potentials and limitations of microwave-assisted chemical recycling of fiber-reinforced composites from wind blades
Authors: Fresneda-Cruz A. , Chaine C. , Figueirêdo M. B. , Murillo-Ciordia G. , Sanz-Martinez A. , Julian I.
Published: September 2024

The forecasted increase in wind power capacity combined with the proximate end-of-life of existing infrastructures will pose a significant challenge. The main novel recycling technologies for WBCMs and its industrialization barriers are presented.
Polymer chain transport investigated using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy: monitoring of diffusion kinetics on meso-structured plasmonic substrates
Authors: Cisilino Adrián P. , Di Monno Carla D. , Tomba J. Pablo
Published: September 2024

Chain interdiffusion kinetics between polymer layers is captured by following the evolution of signals in surface enhanced Raman experiments on substrates with a well characterized plasmonic response.
Organelle-resolved imaging of formaldehyde reveals its spatiotemporal dynamics
Authors: Zhou Lei , Pan Yuan , Li Xiaozhuan , Fan Tingmin , Liang Xingguang , Li Xin
Published: September 2024

Organelle-resolved imaging of formaldehyde reveals the different responses of various organelles to the same cell stressor.
Implementation of a Speech-Language Pathologist–Led Tracheostomy Team in a Level 1 Trauma Hospital
Authors: Silveira Rachael M. , López Nicole Yordán , Luque Ilko , Puebla Brittany , Wilson Whitney , Morejón Orlando
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Cited benefits of a tracheostomy team include reduction in adverse events, length of stay (LOS), and hospital costs. However, there is a lack of research regarding the implementation and benefits of a speech-language pathologist (SLP)-led tracheostomy team. Our goal is to evaluate the effect of an SLP-led tracheostomy team in trauma patients.

Method:

An SLP-led tracheostomy team was implemented in the trauma service at Hospital Corporations of America Florida Kendall Hospital as a quality improvement project. Data were collected from January 1, 2021, to August 31, 2022. Patients were divided into a pre-tracheostomy team cohort, which served as a historical control, and a post-tracheostomy team cohort. SLP consult, days to SLP consult, Passy-Muir Valve (PMV) use, days to PMV, oral diet, days to start oral diet, downsizing the tracheostomy tube, days to downsize, decannulation, days to decannulation, and LOS were the outcome measures of interest. Pearson's chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests were used to evaluate for a significant difference (
p
< .05) between the pre-tracheostomy team cohort and the post-tracheostomy team cohort.

Results:

Ninety-one patients were included in the final analysis (36 pre-tracheostomy team cohort, 55 post-tracheostomy team cohort). Pre-tracheostomy team and post-tracheostomy team cohorts were grossly similar (
p
> .05) in age, sex, and primary admission diagnosis. We found an increase in SLP consultation (58.3%–89.1%,
p
< .001), PMV utilization (44.4%–67.3%,
p
= .031), and decannulation (8.3%–30.9%,
p
= .011). Days to SLP consult decreased when comparing pre-tracheostomy team to post-tracheostomy team cohorts from 6 to 2, respectively (
p
< .001).

Conclusions:

Our approach of placing the SLP in the leading role is novel. After implementation of an SLP-led tracheostomy team, we saw improved outcomes of tracheostomy patients in the trauma population. SLPs should be included as integral members and potential leaders of tracheostomy teams based on their experience and expertise in tracheostomized patient care.