bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Social Landscape Transitions between 1990 and 2010: Case study of Wuhan, China
Authors:   University of Ottawa, Canada, Zhang Liqin
Published: August 2022

Urban social development interacts with physical ecological dynamics. China’s urban social landscape study attracted attentions within recent decades, but the research mainly focused on the first tier cities. This paper aimed to reveal China’s urbanization since the 1980s from the perspectives of social dynamic and second tier cities, through the study of Wuhan one of the largest city in central China. The analysis was based on the population census data in Wuhan in 1990, 2000, and 2010. Variables referred to demography, migration, age composition, marital status, household type, education, employment, and housing status. Factorial analysis was employed to find the dominant urban social dimensions. A principal component analysis was conducted to extract the principal factors while a varimax algorithm was used for rotation. Further, the comprehensive urban social structures were mapped based on the cluster analysis of the selected factors. To conceptualize the urban social structure, dummy variable linear regression models were conducted. The results showed that Wuhan urban social dimensions diversified definitely during the recent decades, which were mainly reflected as increasing concerns of the tertiary industry employment, highly educated population unemployed, elders, incoming migrants, and housing improvement. The predominant urban social structure was conceptualized as “three central towns, two wings, and one axis”. The author concluded that urban social landscape study should be introduced in sustainable urban planning, with the concerns of challenges in an aging society, social equity between local residents and incoming migrants, as well as between rural and urban population, social impacts on physical ecological degradation, and so on.
Effects of urban land use transitions on ecosystem services: Implication on Chinese urban planning
Authors:   China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China, Zhang L
Published: August 2022

Urban land use transitions along with the rapid urbanization development cause obvious negative effects on the local ecological system. This paper explored the dynamic patterns of land use in central China’s largest city Wuhan, using high-resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data in 1990, 2000 and 2010. The aggregate ecosystem services value, its dynamics, and spatial features were discussed based on the equivalent value per unit area approach, with the revision of Xie et al.’s (2015) unit parameters, adapted to Wuhan’s local situation. The results indicated that Wuhan’s ecosystem services value had been experiencing a continuous decrease during 1990 and 2000 and the following decade. The decrease was mainly due to urban expansion. However, Wuhan’s ecosystem services value decreased less between 2000 and 2010 with a much faster urban expansion pace than those in the former decade. The results illustrated that urban development severely affected ponds, rivers/lakes in their contribution to the ecosystem services that they naturally provided. Ponds and rivers/lakes contributed importantly to urban ecosystem services, even with a small proportion of area. Farmland contributed highly to urban expansion space as well as highly to the loss of related ecosystem services such as food provision and nutrient cycle maintenance. Forest land followed with an important contribution to climate regulation, soil conservation and waste regulation. The optimization of land use structure and configuration could improve urban ecosystem services. The authors conclude that even though the awareness of ecological resources conservation and sustainable development planning is emphasized, the practices are still in a challenge. The integration of ecosystem services dynamics to urban planning is an essential way that the large cities of China can realize sustainable development during its rapid urbanization.
Needs Analysis and Legal English Course Design in Pre-Master of Laws Program: A Case Study in a U.S. University Law School
Authors: Xiaoqin Cao  , Julie Driscol  , Ulla Connor
Published: August 2022

Legal English courses for international students in pre-LLM (Pre-Master of Laws) programs in the U.S. are important and require careful design to meet the needs of the students. This paper, taking the legal English course design of pre-LL.M. program in a Midwestern university in the U.S. as a case, discusses a theoretically informed, research-based approach to the design of a pre-LL.M. program emphasizing legal English based on a needs analysis. In the paper, a target situation analysis, present situation analysis, and teaching context analysis are carried out to understand the needs of the law school and needs of the students. According to these multifaceted needs analysis, goals and objectives of the course are established and teaching material are developed by following effective guidelines. These materials guide the suggested development of classroom activities in the lesson plan which integrates the SIOP® model. It is hoped that the analysis of pre-LL.M. legal English courses, its subsequent design in a U.S. context, and application of related theories and practice in this paper can be broadly applied in other institutions or ESP course design settings in global contexts.
Beyond the Physical World and Sensory Perception: A Philosophical Exploration into the Metaphysical World
Authors: Kartanegara Mulyadhi
Published: August 2022

This article will address two important subjects in Islamic philosophy that most contemporary modern thinkers (be they philosophers or scientists) have long rejected them as legitimate subjects of any scientific inquiries: firstly, mystical experience, and secondly the metaphysical world. We can see that both subjects lie beyond the physical world and sensory perception. In the first part of this article, I would like to deeply discuss the nature and the reality of mystical experience, while in the second part, I would like to broadly explore the metaphysical world, by first addressing and then moving to analyse two very interesting and seminal works written by arguably two of the most prominent Muslim philosophers, first, Risālat al-Ṭayr authored by Ibn Sīnā, and second, al-Ghurfah al-Gharbiyyah, written by Suhrawardī. It is clear that both works discuss transcosmic voyages into realms beyond our physical world. The purpose of this article is to vividly demonstrate how and why Muslim philosophers, scientists, and mystics substantiate their belief in both realms by establishing a rational argument for their reality or their ontological status.
The Shadow of Neo-Ḥanbalism: The Idea of Islamic Extremism in Indonesia
Authors: Hasyim Syafiq
Published: August 2022

This article seeks to explore how Neo-Hanbali approaches to Islam have played a key role in instigating Islamic extremism in Indonesia. Neo-Hanbali refers to those who identify themselves as the followers of Ibn Hanbal and his students, such as Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, and Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. Many Indonesian Islamic extremist groups argue that their struggle is driven by their desire to implement a purer form of Islam and that the thinking of Ibn Hanbal and Neo-Hanbali scholars provide the justification for this goal. To begin with, this article outlines the emergence of Ibn Hanbal’s thought and Neo-Hanbalism in the Indonesian Muslim community in general and Salafi groups in particular. The article particularly discusses: first, the discursive acceptance of Ibn Ḥanbal’s students in Indonesia and their ties to Islamic extremism; second, the links between Ibn Hanbal’s disciples on the one hand and Salafi and Wahhabi groups and movements on the other hand in the context of Islamic extremism; third, the connection between the concepts of tajdid (Islamic renewal) and takfir (excommunication) in Indonesia. This article attempts to understand Neo-Hanbali thought from a non-monolithic perspective in Indonesia. In this regard, it examines the acceptance of Neo-Hanbali ideas among social and political organisations in Indonesia. Finally, this article discusses Neo-Hanbalism in the context of the future development of political Islam in Indonesia to better understand whether these groups will be able to adapt to the changing political situation in Indonesia, or whether they will remain committed to Islamic extremism.
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan, Fasilitas Terminal Keberangkatan, dan Kepuasan Penumpang di Bandar Udara Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin Bima
Authors: Nofiyati Tri
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the influence of service quality and departure terminal facilities on passenger satisfaction at Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin airport, Bima. The type of research taken is quantitative. The source of this research data is primary data that comes from distributing questionnaires with 50 samples, namely passengers who have traveled via air transportation at Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin Airport, Bima. This research uses Multiple Linear Regression analysis method. The results obtained from this study indicate that: (1) H1 service quality has a significant effect on passenger satisfaction at Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin Airport Bima (2) H2 available facilities have a significant effect on passenger satisfaction at Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin Airport Bima.

Keywords: Service, Facilities and Passenger Satisfaction.
Analisis Penanganan Bagasi Outgoing Batik Air di Bandar Udara Abdulrachman Saleh Malang
Authors: Fardiansyah Rafi
Published: August 2022

Abdulrachman Saleh Airport Malang is an airport managed by the Airport Management Unit, which is docated in Malang Regency, East Java , Indonesia. The background in this study is that there are still irregularities by officers when handling outgoing, observing this, the importance of having SOPs so that officers can overcome problems that occur. The purpose of this study is to find out how the process carried out by Make-up Area in handling outgoing baggage at Batik Air Airlines, to find out what factors hinder Make-up Area baggage outgoing and knowing the efforts made by Make-up Area in improving the handling of outgoing for Batik Air airlines so that they do not experience irregularities while on duty. This study uses qualitative methods, data collection techniques used in this study are observation, documentation and interviews. The subjects in this study were the Make Up Area at Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport, Malang.The results of the research conducted by researchers are based on interviews and observations that the outgoing baggage handling process has been carried out properly in accordance with the company's SOPs, the factors that hinder Make-up area officers in handling outgoing baggage are job desk mismatches, limited tools, lack of staff, accumulation of baggage.

Keywords : Abdulrachman Saleh Airport Malang, Batik Air Airlines, Outgoing Baggage, Make-up Area.
Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value of Child Death Certificates in Iran: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hosseinpour Marjan , Maleki Farzad , Gheibi Shahsanam , Nasimfar Amir , Nasrollahi Safoura
Published: August 2022

Background: Accurate information on the causes of child mortality is required to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4). The causes of child mortality are used to assess the pattern of diseases and make health policies. The accuracy of these mortality statistics depends on the proper completion of death certificates. Objectives: The study aimed to measure the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of death certificates obtained from the hospital information system (HIS) in a children's specialized hospital in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed death certificates of 580 children of 1-59-month-old died in the hospital from 2011 to 2018. Pediatricians identified the minor and major errors and the underlying causes of death (COD). A misclassification matrix was used to measure agreement, sensitivity, and PPV using multiple causes obtained from death certificates and pediatrician reviews. Results: The HIS had a sensitivity of 43.27% and a PPV of 39.37%. The highest sensitivity was 73.33% for kidney diseases and urinary tract infections, and the lowest sensitivity was 18.18% for diarrhea and dehydration. The HIS had the highest PPV for accidents and injuries and the lowest PPV for diarrhea and dehydration (65.63% and 20.69%, respectively). The most identified underestimation and overestimation numbers were related to "respiratory disease and pneumonia" and "cardiac arrest", respectively. Conclusions: A large proportion of CODs in death certificates were registered inaccurately. The mortality statistics should be used with caution for planning and policy-making.
Anti-cancer Properties of Myricetin Against HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells Through Regulation of RIPK1/RIPK3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Alidadi Hadis , Samimi Azin , Karami Masoud Ali , Khorsandi Layasadat , Ashtari Atefeh
Published: August 2022

Background: Myricetin (MCN), a dietary flavonoid, is present in walnuts, fruits, vegetables, tea, and berries and has been suggested as an anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral drug. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether the necroptosis pathway involves the toxic impacts of myricetin (MCN) on the colon adenoma-carcinoma HT-29 cells. Methods: For 48 hours, HT-29 cells were exposed to 50 µM MCN or three mM Necrosatine-1 (Nec-1), a necroptosis preventive. Apoptosis, cell viability, and expression of necroptosis-related genes, including mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1), and receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3), were evaluated. Results: MCN caused a noticeable decline in the survival of HT-29 cells. In contrast to the slight change in the apoptosis index in HT-29 cells, MCN considerably increased the necrosis index. MCN could enhance the expression of MLKL, RIPK1, and RIPK3 in the HT-29 cells. The co-treatment of MCN with Nec-1 resulted in a significant elevation in HT-29 cell survival. Nec-1 could decrease the necrosis index and expression of necroptosis-related proteins in the MCN-exposed HT-29 cells. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that MCN effectively induced cell death in HT-29 cells by activating the necroptosis pathway.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bloodstream Infections Caused by ESKAPEEc Pathogens: A Five-Year Analysis
Authors: Yardimci Ahmet Cem , Arman Dilek
Published: August 2022

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in ESKAPEEc (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species, and Escherichia coli) pathogens causing bloodstream infections is a growing threat to clinicians and public health. Objectives: Our purpose was to determine the prevalence and susceptibility of ESKAPEEcs causing bloodstream infection over five years (2016 to 2020) at a large tertiary hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: Of 2591 unique isolates obtained from blood culture specimens, 1.281 (49.4%) were positive for ESKAPEEc pathogens. The ESKAPEEc rates increased from 2016 to 2019 and decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The most common pathogen was K. pneumoniae (34.3%). Carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae was 61.8% and A. baumannii was 90.4%. The percentages of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium were 38.6% and 29.4%, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings showed a high incidence of ESKAPEEc and antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections. Antibiotic policies and restrictions in health care settings and the community will play an essential role in the solution in the future.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Hydrosol and Its Potential Application in Cosmeceutical Products
Authors: Shafie Muhammad Hakimin , Kamal Mohd Lias , Abdul Razak Nursayidatul Arisya , Hasan Sharizal , Uyup Noor Hafizah , Abdul Rashid Nur Firdaus , Zafarina Zainuddin
Published: August 2022

Context: Hydrosol is a residual product from the steam or hydro distillation process of abundant types of plants. It can be separated from the essential oil mixture by the liquid-liquid extraction process. Hydrosols from a variety of plants are becoming increasingly popular in cosmetology, aromatherapy, traditional pharmacy, and food sector; thus, their prospective applications should be further explored. Evidence Acquisition: Hydrosol may generally contain chemicals such as alcohol, ketone, and ester. Based on the previous studies using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, linalool, carvacrol, and α-terpineol are the major chemicals present in plant hydrosol. Results: The chemical composition is either showing antimicrobial or antioxidant properties. The antioxidant properties are important in cosmeceutical products to prevent oxidation of the cosmetic ingredients, while the antimicrobial properties maintain the quality of the cosmetics. Hitherto, hydrosol usage is still unfamiliar in the market, but several cosmetic products have been formulated using hydrosol, such as shampoo, soap, and conditioner. Conclusions: This work will review the hydrosol compound from plants, extraction methods, chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and the potential of hydrosol in cosmeceutical application.
The Lovers’ Formation in Plato’s Phaedrus
Authors: Brown Ryan M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

This essay argues that the Phaedrus’s Palinode articulates an account of love (erōs) in which the experience of love can morally and intellectually transform both lover and beloved. After situating this account of love within the dialogue’s thematization of soul-leading (psuchagōgia), I show how Socrates’s account of love makes an intervention into typical Greek thought on pederasty and argue against Jessica Moss’s contention that soul-leading love suffers severe limitations in its soul-leading capacity, showing that Moss is wrong to think that love can only efficaciously lead souls that are already well-formed. By contrast, the Palinode portrays the moral and intellectual formation of the lover, who first approaches the beloved in the spirit of rapacity only to be turned by his experience of beauty toward genuine service, ordered to the beloved’s benefit. The beloved likewise undergoes such a transformation as a result of his nascent return-love (anterōs).
Memórias democráticas da rede municipal de ensino de Santo André/SP: cultura escolar inclusiva
Authors: Silva Maraligia da , Rosa Sanny Silva da
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo, discute as ações de dirigentes escolares na produção de uma cultura escolar inclusiva de alunos com deficiência em salas comuns da rede municipal de Santo André/SP. A pesquisa teve como objetivo registrar as memórias democráticas das políticas municipais de educação especial na perspectiva inclusiva, instituídas no início da década de 1990. Os dados foram coletados com um grupo de discussão e analisados por meio de abordagem qualitativa, considerando os seguintes conceitos: educação inclusiva, gestão democrática, atuação em políticas, ação humana. Os resultados foram sistematizados num Protocolo de ações para uma cultura escolar inclusiva, que articula cinco papeis do diretor escolar: o de administrador; o de mediador; o formador; o de acolhedor e o de articulador.
Comparison of Plain Radiography with Spiral Computed Tomography and 3D Reformation in Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Thomas Nissy K , Anand K , Rajaram Akash
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures may result in major disabilities if not diagnosed at the right time. Plain radiography is the first and foremost imaging modality of choice to evaluate trauma followed by Computed Tomography (CT). Aim: To evaluate tibial plateau fractures on CT and compare them with 3D reformations and plain radiography, and classify the fractures using Schatzker’s classification. Materials and Methods: The prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, between November 2016 to June 2018. The study sample comprised of 53 patients who presented with fracture of the tibial plateau. Demographic details and brief clinical history of the subjects were recorded. All patients underwent conventional radiography as well as CT of the knee, including three-Dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The region of interest was assessed for the presence, displacement, depression, extent and comminution of the fracture. Data was analysed using R version 4.0.3. Chi-square test was used to see the association between different variables. Cohen’s Kappa was employed to determine the agreement of plain radiograph and CT findings. Results: The mean age of patients was 44.01±13.23 years. The extent of the fracture line and communition of fracture were visible on all sections of CT for all samples, but 3D CT did not reveal the extent of the fracture line in 9.43% of the sample (p=0.003) and communition was visible only in 15.09% of the sample. On comparing the plain radiograph and CT findings for tibial plateau fractures, a close to perfect agreement in diagnosing the displacement of fracture (Cohen’s Kappa, 0.9618, p<0.001), followed by a fair agreement in diagnosing fracture communition (Cohen’s Kappa, 0.3748; p=0.0015) were noted. The positive predictive value of tibial plateau fracture detection rate by plain radiography and CT findings were 88.7% and 98.1%, respectively. These fractures assessed as per Schatzker’s classification revealed majority of the patients had bicondylar plateau with diaphyseal discontinuity 19 (35.85%) followed by bicondylar plateau 14 (26.42%). Conclusion: In this study, CT was observed to be an excellent modality for the evaluation of tibial plateau fractures including depression, displacement, comminution and extent of fractures when compared to plain radiography.
Diagnostic Accuracy of MDCTA for Detection of Intracranial Aneurysm in Non Traumatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Suhas N , Shetty Praneethi
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Non Traumatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (NTSAH) constitutes a neurological emergency. Multi-Detector Computed Tomographic Angiography (MDCTA) provides significant advantages over Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) owing to its immediacy, non invasiveness, and comparable diagnostic accuracy. This warrants exploration of its utility as a fully integrated component of routine imaging and therapeutic algorithm for NTSAH, replacing DSA. Aim: To evaluate the potential of MDCTA of the Circle of Willis (COW) in the detection of causes of NTSAH and compare its diagnostic accuracy with DSA and/or intraoperative findings. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 45 patients with suspected or confirmed intracranial vascular abnormality or SAH, and subjected to non contrast enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) and MDCTA of the COW. MDCTA findings like aneurysms, Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM), their morphological characteristics and anatomical COW variations were contrasted with DSA/operative findings in 24 patients and MDCTA’s accuracy was calculated. The data was analysed using statistical software R (Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman) v.4.0.2, employing Kappa coefficient. The p-value ≤0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: Total of 45 subjects (mean age: 47.16±17.4 years, 17 females and 28 males) were included in the study. The mean aneurysmal size was 7.6±7.2 mm. Grade 3 or 4 (dense) SAH (48.88%) and aneurysms <3 mm in size (48.89%) were most common. MDCTA showed sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 89%, 79%, 84% and 85%, respectively. Kappa test revealed a substantial agreement between CTA and DSA (kappa coefficient=0.68). Conclusion: MDCTA is a rapid, minimally invasive, and reliable substitute to DSA in diagnosing and characterising associated aneurysms and AVM, in most cases of NTSAH, aiding in further management of such patients.
2D ECHO Study to Correlate Anthropometric Parameters and Dimensions of Semilunar Valves in Population of Telangana, India
Authors: Chatripalli Sandhya Rani , Rao Jana Siva Koti Srinivasa
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Measurement of the aortic and pulmonary valve dimensions is critical in diagnosing stenotic diseases as well as preparation of prosthetic valves. A study of these valve dimensions in a normal population as well as comparing it with the built of a person could give us more insight to help prepare better prostheses and achieve better results after valve replacement procedures. Aim: To study the diameters of semilunar valve annuli, correlate the values with the anthropometric parameters and establish the normal diameter values in the population of Telangana region. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 subjects, in Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, from October 2019 to September 2020, using 2-Dimensional Echocardiography (2D ECHO). The diameters of aortic and pulmonary valve annuli were measured. The weight and height of the patients were also recorded and Body Surface Area (BSA) was calculated. The results were then compared with the diameter of the aortic and pulmonary valve annulus to find any correlation between the two parameters using unpaired t-test in Microsoft Excel (version 2019). Results: Out of the total 100 case,60 were male and 40 were females. A significant correlation was found between the weight of a person and the size of the aortic valve annulus (r-value=0.22, p-value=0.026). There was also a significant correlation between BSA and aortic valve annulus diameter (r-value=0.22, p-value=0.027). No correlation was found between weight or BSA and pulmonary valve annulus diameter (r=0.12 and 0.15 respectively). No correlation was found between the height of a person and the diameter of either of the semilunar valves (r=0.10 for arotic value and r=0.17 for pulmonary value). Conclusion: The weight and BSA of a person can be used as an important parameter in making better fitting aortic valve prosthesis in cases of aortic valve diseases.
Comparison of Severity of Lung Involvement between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients Assessed using HRCT Scan of Thorax: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Mohan , Nagaraj Chiranth , Ramashetty Manu , Prakash Arjun , Rangaswamy Shashi Kumar Mysore , Sagar Basavaraj G , Kushavar Akshay M , Kullolli Shraya Mallikarjun
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as we all know has wreaked havoc in many countries due to its high rate of infectivity. A High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) thorax scan is a must to determine the extent of lung involvement, which is helpful in further management. Aim: To compare the severity of lung involvement in COVID- 19 patients with double dose, single dose vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, and thus assess the role of vaccination in limiting the severity of lung involvement in infected patients. Materials and Methods: This was cross-sectional study conducted on 244 patients in the Department of Radiology of Adichunchungiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellur, Karnataka, India. The patients were divided into three groups based on their vaccination status. Group A constituted patients who had received two doses of vaccine, group B constituted patients vaccinated with only one dose and group C constituted unvaccinated patients. The Computed Tomography Severity Index (CTSI) score of each patient was assessed. CTSI score of these three groups were compared to know the role of vaccine in preventing or limiting the severity of the disease. The chi-square test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and t-test were used to compare two means to compare two independent groups. Results: The HRCT scans of a total of 244 patients (166 males and 78 females) were included in the study, analysed and divided into three groups. Group A (n=30) had patients with only mild CTSI score. Group B (n=34) had patients with both mild and moderate CTSI score. Group C (n=180) had patients with mild, moderate and severe CTSI scores. There were no patients with severe lung involvement in group A and group B. The mean CTSI scores in group A, B and C were 0.8, 7.2 and 9.3 respectively (p-value <0.001). Group A and B had less severe lung involvement in comparison to group C. Conclusion: Complete vaccination is essential in preventing severe lung disease due to COVID-19 infection, and to limit complications and long-term sequelae.
Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm with Tetralogy of Fallot: A Rare Entity
Authors: Yadav Renu , Yadav Mayank
Published: August 2022

Pulmonary artery aneurysms is a rare entity with varied causes, its association with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) having low pressure pulmonary system is further more uncommon. Here, the authors present a case of 15-year-old male patient presenting with symptoms of cyanosis and dyspynoea for which echocardiography, cardiac catheterisation and Computed Tomography (CT) angiography was done and diagnosis of tetralogy of fallot with left pulmonary artery aneurysm was made for which patient was admitted and underwent surgical correction. Pulmonary artery aneurysm with tetralogy of fallot is an extremely rare anatomical combination requiring treatment strategy modification, hence merit proper evaluation
Evaluation of Alveolar Bony Trabecular Pattern in Subjects with Crossbite Malocclusion using Intraoral Periapical Radiographs: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Rama Raji , Jain Ravindra Kumar , Balakrishnan Nivethigaa
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Trajectories of force determines the trabecular pattern of bone. In transverse malocclusions, force trajectories are altered which can affect the trabecular pattern. Hence, it is important to study the trabecular pattern associated with transverse malocclusions. Aim: Assessment of trabecular pattern changes on Intraoral Periapical Radiographs (IOPA) in subjects with dental crossbites using fractal analysis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Orthodontics at Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from October 2021 to December 2021. The study involved 30 IOPAs in 15 patients with unilateral first mandibular molar teeth in crossbite. The sample was divided into two groups. Group A has 15 IOPAs of mandibular molars in crossbite side, group B has 15 IOPAs of mandibular molars not in crossbite. A region of interest (ROI) of 256×256 pixels were selected between the roots of the premolar and mandibular molars and converted into an 8-bit image with image J software. Fractal dimensional analysis with box counting was used to assess trabecular perimeter and the trabecular number. Normality of the data was assessed by Shapiro-Wilk test and an Independent t-test was carried out to find intergroup differences. Results: Shapiro-wilk tests p-values were not significant (p-value >0.05) for both groups ensuring normality of data. The mean fractal dimensions measured were 0.867 (group A) and 1.213 (group B). The mean trabecular perimeter in group A was 86.37±29.31 whereas in group B it was 194.62±43.26 and the intergroup difference was significant (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Fractal analysis of IOPAs revealed that the alveolar bone surrounding the teeth in crossbite presented with significant reduction in the trabecular perimeter and number when compared with teeth not in crossbite.
Sleep Hygiene Intervention and its Effectiveness in Reduction of Insomnia and Obesity among Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Suganya E , Arvinth A , Vedapriya DR
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Adequate amount and quality of sleep is the basic need for any human. Children and adolescents requires at least eight to nine hours of sleep per night. Insomnia results in both mental and physical health consequences, diminished productivity, accident proneness, increased medical utilisation and elevated risk of psychiatric disorders. Sleep hygiene intervention is a behavioral intervention to improve sleep quality. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of sleep hygiene intervention programme in reduction of insomnia and obesity among undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted at Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India, January 2019 to May 2019, among 602 undergraduate medical students. Study was conducted in two phases, in phase 1, participants were surveyed for Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scoring and BMI. Those with ISI scores between 8-21 and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 were eligible for phase 2. In phase 2 using, stratified random sampling total 100 subjects, 50 each for control and intervention group were selected. Periodical sleep hygiene intervention was given for intervention group, insisting to follow 10 simple non pharmacological behavioral measures. Follow-up assessment of weight (kg) and ISI scoring was done. Paired t-test, repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Bonferine Posthoc test was done to identify the statistical significance using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Among the 100 participants in phase II, 29 were female in both control and intervention group. The prevalence of Subthreshold insomnia 289 (48%) was higher. Over 4 month period comparison, intervention group had better reduction in weight {(62.48±10.62 kg to 51.48±6.88 kg) vs (61.58±10.35 kg to 62.48±10.66 kg)} and insomnia severity (13.70±3.62 to 10.34±2.43) vs (12.56±3.78 to 13.50±3.63) than control group. Conclusion: Simple non pharmacological intervention seems to have greater benefits in improving sleep hygiene and reducing obesity
Clinical Features and Predisposing Factors Influencing the Outcome of COVID-19 in First and Second Wave at Nanded, Maharashtra- A Retrospective Study
Authors: Emekar Supriya Madhavrao , More Sanjaykumar Rajaram , Sinha Rohit , Swamy Raghavendra
Published: August 2022

Introduction: It is crucial to determine possible factors associated with exacerbation of the disease due to the alarming global spread, morbidity and mortality associated with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). It is important to determine the co-morbidities associated with this disease which will help in better treatment of patients in time and to make amendments to management policy. Aim: To compare the clinical features, and predisposing factors (socio-demographic factors and co-morbidities) influencing the outcome in COVID-19 infected patients admitted in a tertiary care centre in the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Dr. Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India. The data was collected from the electronic resource which was maintained by the institute Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) health record reporting database for the duration of June 2020 to August 2021. This data included patient’s demographic details (age, sex, address, contact number), other details (history of close contacts, international travel) clinical history, different types of symptoms (ICMR patient category), comorbidities, number of patients requiring ICU admission, type of sample, the outcome in terms of death and discharge, cause of death. The analysis was done for the complete data and then for two separate durations of the first and second wave which were compared later with Chi-square test (Bivariate analysis). Results: A total of 8841 patients were involved and the majority of patients in the study were between the age group of 30-75 years, there was a predominance of males in first and second waves with 6514 (73.7%) and 5795 (58.6%) respectively. The paediatric patients had a mortality rate of 100% (n=7) found in the second wave. Fever (39%) and dyspnea (22%) were found as the commonest presentation in both waves. Gastrointestinal manifestations were observed relatively more in the second wave. The serious patients on ventilator were found to have (>91%) the highest mortality. It appeared that the highest attributable risk to severity and mortality (eight to ten times increased) was due to hypertension, diabetes and other co-morbidities. Pregnancy did not predisposed to be as a risk factor. Conclusion: Prompt management and preventive care are needed for patients with co-morbidities to avoid the exacerbation of COVID-19 as well as drug cross interactions.
A Study on Price Spread and Marketing Efficiency of Honey Value Chains in Thrissur District of Kerala
Authors: Midhun V. M. , Velavan C. , Palanichamy N. Venkatesa , Ramesh D.
Published: August 2022

Honey is produced and consumed in large quantities all over the world. India ranks eighth among honey producing countries, with a production of 0.62 lakh tonnes of honey, which contributed 3.83 percent to the world production of honey (2020). The objective of the study was to identify the value chain actors in the study area and to analyse the price spread and marketing efficiency of honey in different value chain. Thrissur district was purposively selected for the study. The study was conducted during the months of May and June 2022 and in total, 100 beekeepers, all the four processors, 30 wholesalers, 30 retailers and 30 consumers were randomly selected for the study. The tools used for the study were price spread and marketing efficiency by Shepherds method. Four value chains were identified in the study area, in which the value chain I has the highest price spread and the value chain III has the least price spread which include only beekeepers and consumers. Marketing efficiency of honey value chain was computed using Shepherd’s method and the channel III was found to have the maximum efficiency with the score of 19.27, which include only beekeepers and consumers, whereas, channel I had the least marketing efficiency with score of 4.71 which mainly includes beekeepers, processors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. The study concluded that Channel III was efficient, from which beekeepers got the highest price of Rs. 30000 from the consumers directly.
An Economic Analysis on Production of Betel Vine in Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sathya K. N. , Palanichamy N. Venkatesa , Rohini A. , Selvi R. Pangayar
Published: August 2022

This study mainly focused on the betel vine production and constraints faced by the farmers.The analysis findings would shed information on the production of betel vine cultivation costs and returns, as well as the constraints faced by farmers and it was graded using Garett's ranking technique. The cost and return of the betel vine farm per acre was worked out to ₹3. 37 lakh/acre and the average gross return was Rs 8 lakh/acre. The result of the study indicates that betel vine cultivation is highly profitable and the benefit cost ratio 2.3.Even the assistances offered by the government are insufficient, farmer is not getting any financial support and there is no research center for this crop. Disease and pest infestation were the biggest problems in the production of betel vine, followed by non availability of labour because daily work in farm, a lack of healthy seed vine, and a lack of daily maintanenace. Price fluctuations is the major constraints faced in marketing because the price of the betel leaf is not same followed by non-availability of export promotional activity since it is a perishable commodity.
Exploring the Nexus between Extension Agents’ Extension Approaches, Training, and the Challenges of Cereal Production
Authors: Shangshon Bhakta Bdr , Polthanee Anan , Wongsamun Chaicharn , Suriya Patcharee
Published: August 2022

This study evaluated the linkages between the approaches adopted by extension agents in providing agricultural extension services to farmers, the capacity building of the extension personnel, and the challenges for cereal production. Using purposive sampling, 62 extension personnel were interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the deductive approach of qualitative content analysis. The study found that a participatory approach is not fully decentralized in planning and evaluation of the agricultural extension programs to meet the demand-driven services of the farmers. Moreover, there is a discrepancy between the capacity building of the extension personnel and the challenges incurred in cereal production— the training is mostly focused on production and post-harvest of cereal production, while having multitude of challenges in marketing as well. Therefore, it is recommended that a participatory approach must be fully promoted and the training of extension personnel must be melded with the demand-driven needs of farmers in approaching the cereal production issues. The study could be helpful for extension agents and policymakers to understand ways to increase the quality and effectiveness of agricultural extension services to foster agricultural production.
Innovative and Rapid Detection Methods for SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Recent Developments Worldwide
Authors: Chakraborty Aratrika , Adhikari Atin
Published: August 2022

There are no effective treatments for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 viruses worldwide and the effects of vaccines on new genetic variants of the virus are still uncertain. Therefore, initial diagnosis and management are essential for controlling the pandemic. The conventional diagnosis methods for SARS-CoV-2 include molecular tests, serology tests, and computed tomography (CT). However, a few innovative, rapid, and promising detection methods were developed in the last year and this year in different countries of the world. We have discussed the advantages and challenges of these new diagnostic methods besides discussing the widely adopted conventional approaches mentioned above.

We have summarized the most recent and conventional diagnosis methods, including commercially available devices and kits according to their SARS-CoV-2 detection accuracy rates and completion times. We have also discussed the ongoing research in this field. Finally, we have identified some thrust areas of research that could help to identify the new variants of SARS-CoV-2 rapidly and accurately.

Our review findings indicate that CRISPR-based FELUDA, SHERLOCK, Hyris kit, and COVIRAP are low time consuming, user friendly, and very appropriate for low-resource countries. Although several diagnostic methods are available, we need more efficient diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 with respect to cost efficiency, accuracy, rapid detection, and user-friendliness, especially for new variants in remote areas of the world.
An Assessment of the Religious Knowledge and Attitude of Third-Year College Students of Catholic Colleges and Universities of the Three Dioceses in Negros Occidental: A Basis for Religious Education Program
Authors: B. Estrellas Jay
Published: August 2022

This descriptive-relational study was conducted to assess the religious knowledge and attitude of third-year college students to develop and or strengthen the religious education program to make it responsive to the challenge of the 2nd Plenary Council of the Philippines for a renewed-integral faith formation of God’s people. The respondents of the study were 366 randomly selected third-year college students who had already taken the Religion or Theology subjects as mandated curriculum for the Catholic educational institutions. Results showed that the religious knowledge of students when taken collectively is categorized as proficient in terms of their knowledge of God, Morality, and Sacred Scripture. However, students need to enhance their knowledge of the Church and Sacraments. Furthermore, when grouped according to gender, female students are more knowledgeable of their Catholic faith than male students who fall under the Needs Improvement category. According to school origin, both students from private and public schools fall under the Needs Improvement category, although students from private schools have a stronger grasp of the Catholic faith than students from public schools. Lastly, in terms of religious affiliation, both Catholic and non-Catholic students still fall under the Needs Improvement category, however, Catholic students have more knowledge of the Catholic faith than non-Catholic students. There is a significant difference in the religious knowledge of students when they are grouped according to gender, and school origin. This means that the college students whether male or female, from private or public schools, differ in their religious knowledge. Moreover, a significant relationship exists between religious knowledge and the attitude of students. This indicates that a Catholic student who has the knowledge and understanding of his/her Christian Catholic faith tends to follow it, while a non-Catholic student may know the Christian Catholic faith, yet we don't expect that he/she will follow what the Catholics are practising since he/she has also a set of religious beliefs that he/she follows is a non-Catholic. The recommendation for a curriculum change in religious instruction is hereby proposed.
Effect of Mulched and without Mulched Intercrops on Growth Yield and Fruit Quality of Kinnow Mandarin Plantation under Semi-Arid Irrigated Conditions
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Singh Surender , Arora Indu , Sharma Jeet Ram , Pankaj Rao
Published: August 2022

The aim of the present was to analyze the effect of different intercrops with and without mulch on growth, yield and quality of kinnow mandarin orchard. The data of kinnow plant such as height, stem girth, canopy spread, and canopy volume were collected in the month of February 2020 before transplanting the intercrops. The intercrops under mulch and without mulch treatments have significant effect on growth of kinnow plant, the percent increase in plant height (3.22%) in kinnow + watermelon, stem girth (4.20%) in kinnow + tomato, and canopy spread EW direction (3.89%) in kinnow + cantaloupe, were found to have positive effect in mulch intercrops treatments and percent increase in canopy spread NS direction (3.76%) and canopy volume (10.84%) in kinnow + watermelon, was found in without mulch intercrops treatments. The number of fruits per tree, average fruit weight and yield were significantly affected by mulch and without mulch treatments, with maximum number of fruits (920), fruit weight (161.11 g), and yield (361.34 q/ha) were recorded in kinnow + watermelon. TSS (11.56%), acidity (0.91%), ascorbic acid (30.15 mg/100ml juice) were recorded in without mulch intercrops treatments, and juice (42.96%), peel (27.84%) were recorded in mulch intercrops treatments.
Effect of Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour in Different Soil Media for the Establishment of Annual Drumstick (Moringa oleifera L.) cv. PKM-1
Authors: Sreehari S. , Singh Devi , Wesley C. John , Bahadur Vijay
Published: August 2022

A field experiment on the “Effect of seed germination and seedling vigour in different soil media for the establishment of annual drumstick (Moringa oleifera) cv.PKM-1” was conducted during August to November 2021,  naturally ventilated polyhouse of Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design consisting of 12 treatments and three replications. The experiment consisted of using media and fertilizers such as Soil, NPK, Perlite, Vermiculite, Biocompost, Bokashi and Coirpith in different combinations to evaluate the best media combination for the seed germination, seedling growth and establishment of annual drumstick. In this investigation,+ the result reveald that the treatment T8 [Soil (50%) + Vermiculite (25%) + Perlite (25%)] was found best in respect to the germination parameters, growth parameters and physiological parameters like days to germination (7.0), germination percentage (87%), seed vigour index (3.03), plant height (140.03 cm), number of leaves per plant (380.43), stem girth (2.05 cm), number of nodes (34.17), length of inter node (20.15 cm), fresh weight of shoot (21.48 g), dry weight of shoot (10.50 g), fresh weight of root (8.54 g), dry weight of root (3.90g) and root : shoot ratio (0.40) of annual drumstick (Moringa oleifera L.) cv.PKM-1.