bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acordo de Pesca Como Gestão dos Recursos: O Caso da Ilha de São Miguel, Santarém, Pará
Authors: Ferreira Roberth Rodrigues , Silva Rubens Elias Da
Published: February 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a construção e consolidação do acordo de pesca de base comunitária como uma alternativa viável de gestão dos recursos pesqueiros na comunidade Ilha de São Miguel localizada na região de várzea do rio Amazonas no município de Santarém, Estado do Pará.  A atividade pesqueira nesta localidade transformou socialmente de modo que produção econômica da pesca passou do status de subsistência à pesca comercial de caráter exploratório levando ao exaurimento de algumas espécies de pescado nos lagos locais. Como consequências disto, os comunitários da Ilha se engajaram ações que visam a preservação e manutenção dos recursos pesqueiros, bem como seus territórios extrativos. Essas ações foram elaboradas em um acordo para preservação dos recursos do lago através da suspensão do uso de malhadeiras na comunidade. Contudo, esta decisão criou conflitos entre os membros da comunidade e pescadores das comunidades circunvizinhas levando o grupo local a criar um acordo de pesca no ano de 1985 o qual restringiu a pesca na Ilha apenas aos seus moradores, bem como a proibição definitiva do uso de malhadeiras. Este acordo é mantido até os dias atuais, que juntamente com outras estratégias consolidadas pelos moradores, tais como o manejo e controle da comercialização do pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) e fiscalização dos lagos pelos pescadores, evidenciando uma alternativa promissora para uma gestão da pesca por meio do uso racional dos recursos pesqueiros na comunidade.
As Famílias do Mangue e Suas Práticas Holísticas: Um Estudo no Nordeste Paraense, Amazônia, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Pereira de , Vieira Norma Cristina , Júnior Sebastião Rodrigues
Published: February 2018

O presente estudo traz discussão relacionada aos povos usuários dos manguezais do nordeste do estado do Pará (município de Bragança, Amazônia Brasileira) objetivando analisar as famílias e suas práticas holísticas empreendidas nas atividades de apropriação e uso dos recursos ambientais do mangue. Por conseguinte, descrever o perfil e as características dessas famílias no que concerne à organização social, às formas e práticas. Procura, ainda, identificar as práticas produtivas e sua relação de gênero e de geração, constituídas através dos saberes ecológicos locais por quem sobrevive do e no mangue. O estudo ocorreu no período de 2012 a 2015 em quatro comunidades, a saber: Bonifácio, Castelo, Caratateua e Tamatateua, consideradas produtoras de atividades laborais nos manguezais dessa região. Foram selecionadas 24 pessoas, entre homens e mulheres, para participarem de entrevistas direcionadas, por meio de um questionário com perguntas semiestruturadas e relacionadas com as práticas cotidianas empreendidas para a apropriação e uso dos recursos ambientais do mangue. Adicionalmente, foram feitas observações diretas em campo e registros das falas e dos discursos por meio de gravação. A análise dos dados correu por meio do Programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, complementado com a análise de conteúdo, que permitiu interpretar e compreender as falas e os discursos dos entrevistados. Os resultados revelaram que as famílias do mangue constituem sua renda a partir do extrativismo do peixe, do caranguejo-uçá, dos mariscos e da madeira de mangue, assim como por pequenas atividades ligadas à confecção e conserto de redes de pesca, à coleta de lenha do mangue para a fabricação de carvão, ao artesanato, dentre outros, com a participação direta de todos os membros da família. Os homens, na sua maioria, praticam atividades pesqueiras de produtos que agregam maiores valores no mercado, enquanto as mulheres extraem recursos como peixes costeiros, crustáceos e ervas medicinais, prioritariamente, para o sustento e manutenção, imediato, familiar. São também observadas práticas de reciprocidade entre as famílias e seus membros, com a divisão do esforço físico de trabalho, de apetrechos pesqueiros e nas atividades festivas das comunidades. Identificou-se, ainda, que os saberes empreendidos pelas famílias no uso dos recursos dos manguezais se devem à transmissão de saberes dos mais “velhos” aos mais “novos”, onde a inserção ocorre muito cedo, ainda na infância, e se concretiza de modo geral, na juventude quando passam a integrar os grupos pesqueiros interfamiliares. Logo, conclui-se que essas famílias têm como marca de suas atividades uma relação direta e holística no ambiente do manguezal, tanto no que diz respeito ao usufruto dos recursos que este oferece quanto na sua dinâmica social, econômica e cultural.
Monoparentalidade Feminina Sustentada Pelo Extrativismo da Mangaba
Authors: Lima Bianca Ferreira , Mota Dalva Maria Da
Published: February 2018

Neste artigo, refletimos sobre mulheres chefes de famílias que praticam o extrativismo da mangaba sustentando a reprodução sociocultural de seus grupos. Buscamos, a partir de suas trajetórias, desvendar os fluxos migratórios, a vulnerabilidade na juventude e a segurança socioeconômica encontrada no extrativismo, aliados com a monoparentalidade. A pesquisa foi realizada na Vila Paca - Ilha de Marajó. Observações e entrevistas constaram dentre os procedimentos de pesquisa. As conclusões mostram que o extrativismo da mangaba é uma atividade ancestral praticada por mulheres e crianças, proporcionando autonomia do tempo, do trabalho e dos recursos monetários.
Representações Sociais Acerca das Tartarugas Marinhas de Pescadores Artesanais de Ajuruteua, Amazônia Costeira, Bragança-Pará, Brasil
Authors: Barboza Roberta Sá Leitão , Santos Claudia Nunes , Paolo Darcy Flexa Di , Saraiva Luis Junior Costa
Published: February 2018

Estudar a relação entre seres humanos e não-humanos, sobretudo, junto às chamadas populações tradicionais requer a devida identificação do contexto sócio ambiental e cultural em que tais relações se desenvolvem. As inter-relações entre pescadores e tartarugas marinhas nas Comunidades Bonifácio e vila dos Pescadores (praia Ajuruteua, Bragança-Pará) foram descritas com base em metodologias participativas. A pesca é a principal atividade desenvolvida e as atividades destes atores nas áreas marinha e praianas proporcionam o acúmulo de conhecimentos sobre os demais elementos ambientais. A maioria dos entrevistados relatou suas percepções sobre tartarugas marinhas na praia de Ajuruteua. Os encontros entre pescadores e tartarugas foram relacionados com três práticas pesqueiras (curral, espinhel e rede). O conhecimento ecológico local sobre as tartarugas marinhas inclui uma etnotaxonomia com 26 denominações e descrições de diversos aspectos ecobiológicos destes animais (desova, distribuição espacial, adaptações morfológicas e comportamento). As ocorrências dos quelônios fazem parte, tanto da memória remota, quanto recente dos pescadores, sendo apontada uma redução gradativa nos anos atuais.  As tartarugas marinhas representam coletivamente para os pescadores fonte de proteínas (comem a carne e os ovos), recursos medicinais (usam gordura e casco para cura de diversas enfermidades, em diferentes preparos), e ainda como elemento estético (confecção de zooartezanato). Estas representações verificadas na memória destas comunidades constituem um importante registro da ocorrência de tartarugas marinhas na Amazônia costeira.
EL DESARROLLO DE LA COMPETENCIA ORTOGRÁFICA EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA
Authors: Rodríguez Muñoz Francisco J. , Sánchez Fernández Jennifer
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto examinar el desarrollo de la competencia ortográfica en 60 alumnos de primero y cuarto curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. A partir de la estructura que la nueva Ortografía de la lengua española (Real Academia Española y Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española, 2010) presenta, se diseñó una prueba que consistió en un texto de 242 palabras con 25 tipos de lapsogramas repartidos en 35 ítems que debían detectar los participantes. De acuerdo con el supuesto de partida del estudio, se esperaba que la competencia ortográfica mejorase significativamente a lo largo de la secundaria. Sin embargo son muy pocos los lapsogramas que se subsanan con el tiempo. No se pretende una reforma ortográfica, sino que se trata de reivindicar una renovación en los métodos de enseñanza de la ortografía.
Multilingüismo y exogamia en la etnia tucana del Vaupés
Authors: Rojas Apráez Ramiro Neil , Avendaño Cepeda Marisol
Published: February 2018

El multilingüismo es un fenómeno sobresaliente en la etnia tucana. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir y analizar el estado actual de este rasgo, a fin de establecer los aspectos lingüísticos y antropológicos que intervienen en este fenómeno. Esta investigación se enmarcó dentro de los límites de la sociolingüística y la antropología, con un enfoque cualitativo y un método etnográfico, en donde el trabajo in situ fue fundamental, y la observación, el diálogo y la entrevista fueron las herramientas puntuales. Al analizar los resultados se evidenció que la etnia tucana continúa respetando la regla primigenia de la exogamia, ya que no fueron reportados casos de familias establecidas bajo relaciones endogámicas, y es la exogamia la que aún mantiene vivo el multilingüismo en medio de los tucanos. Se estableció que los miembros de esta etnia poseen la habilidad de comunicarse sin dificultad con personas de otras etnias, entre ellas: sirianos, desanos y cubeos, y se observó al recorrer las comunidades tucanas ubicadas en Brasil que los tucanos colombianos podían entender también el portugués.
Aproximación a la sociología del lenguaje: hacia unas consideraciones generales
Authors: Corredor Tapias Joselyn
Published: February 2018

Este artículo ofrece una visión general sobre la sociología del lenguaje. Se presentan unas posturas respecto de la distinción entre sociolingüística y sociología del lenguaje, desde la perspectiva que las concibe como disciplinas diferenciadas. Inicialmente se dan a conocer unas consideraciones teóricas generales respecto del contacto lingüístico; luego se hace referencia a unos fenómenos lingüísticos que surgen en situaciones de contacto lingüístico, como el bilingüismo, la diglosia, el contacto lingüístico y la elección de lenguas. En este apartado se abordan unas temáticas relacionadas con efectos sociales del bilingüismo, a saber: el mantenimiento y sustitución de una lengua, la lealtad y deslealtad lingüísticas, el conflicto lingüístico, la política y la planificación lingüística. Además se ofrece información sobre la influencia entre lenguas: la convergencia y la divergencia lingüística, la interferencia lingüística y el cambio de código (o alternancia lingüística). Se plantean, igualmente, dos efectos del contacto social y lingüístico de unas lenguas: el pidgin y el criollo. Se finaliza el texto con unas conclusiones. El artículo está diseñado, principalmente, para estudiantes universitarios que se inician en el estudio de la sociología del lenguaje.
Using Information Communication Technologies to Foster the Communicative Competence in Undergraduate Students at the UPTC
Authors: Camargo Pongutá David
Published: February 2018

This research article describes the results of implementing activities through Information Communication Technologies (ICTs)  in order to foster the communicative competence in a group of students at Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, a public University in Sogamoso, Boyacá.  After an exploration in which it was determined that students prefer activities with ICTs to learn English, contents and activities were adapted so they could fit students’ interests. The results are shown in three categories: ICTs as a tool to foster oral production, ICTs to build vocabulary, and ICTs as a motivator to learn and interact in the target language.
Long-Term Analysis for Harvest Erosion Caused by Sugar Beet Production in Turkey
Authors: Deviren Saygın Selen
Published: February 2018

The sustainability of soil resources is under significant threat due to the accelerated anthropogenic pressures at the historical expansion of human population. In this context, soil erosion is defined as a limiting factor for human interests in terms of ecosystem services. As an erosion type, harvest erosion occurs by harvesting of the taproot and tuberous root plants such as sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), has begun to take attention in recent years. The objective of this study was to estimate soil loss due to harvest erosion and to economically analyze the transport of plant nutrients between 1999 and 2016 from sugar beet growing areas in Turkey. For this aim, the compiled data of 25 different sugar factories throughout Turkey were obtained from Türkşeker and soil loss estimations were performed and economically analyzed. According to the results, average soil loss rate was calculated as 3.41 Mg ha-1y-1 for the studied period (1999-2016). That means annually an average of 716983 Mg soil removed from the Türkşeker sugar beet production areas. This result indicated that harvest erosion represents only 0.9% of soil lost by water erosion in Turkey. But, if tolerable soil loss value considered as “1 Mg ha-1 y-1”, calculated soil loss values are above this critical value for all the factories. In addition, economic assessments of soil losses showed that costs are to be more than US $10 000 annually on the 60% of the factories due to removal of plant nutrients with harvest process. And, annually US $419 433 investment must be made to recover all these losses. Conclusively, harvest erosion as an ignored erosion type must be emphasized to the economic sustainability of natural resources in fragile ecosystems such as our country.
Principal Transformational Leadership and Teachers’ Motivation
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Ghani Kanesan , Ling Ying-Leh , Sufi Shamihah Binti
Published: February 2018

This descriptive study aims to identify the relationship between the principal leadership and motivation among the national school teachers in the town of Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. A total of 283 teachers via random sampling method were chosen from twenty-one national school in the district of Seberang Perai Selatan, Penang. The questionnaires constructed by Leithwood and Jantzi (1999) and adapted by Anandan (2011) have been used to measure the principal transformational leadership. The questionnaire of Teacher Motivation Questionnaire by Chung (2012) was used to measure work motivation among teachers. The findings presented that the transformational leadership in the teacher's perspective is very high while the work motivational level among the teachers is high as well. The findings show that there are significant differences in both leadership style and teacher motivation towards teachers’ gender. Relationship analysis also indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between transformational leadership and teachers’ work motivation. Regression analysis also displayed that the best predictor of teachers’ motivation is the individual support in transformational leadership. In conclusion, this study recommends that principals should be competent in applying transformational leadership to improve teachers' innovation in accordance with the school suitability and the needs of the situation.
CURCUMIN FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (AD) POTENTIAL TREATMENT
Authors: Sutiono Dias Rima , Iasmartua Steven
Published: February 2018

Various studies had been conducted regarding the effect of curcumin on AD patients, thus, many of the studies had suggested that curcumin had the potential to prevent and treat AD through several molecular mechanisms including act as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, binding the Aβ plaques, metal chelation, and lowering cholesterol level. One of the prominent characteristics of this neurodegenerative disease is shown by the presence of beta amyloids plaques (Aβ) and inflammation inside the patient’s brains; and as mention above curcumin had shown its capabilities in inhibiting the Aβ plaques and act as an anti-inflammation agent.
LMRP Disconnect in Deepwater, Harsh Environment Conditions
Authors: Dupal K. , Curtiss J. P. , van Noort R. H. , Mack C. , Greer S.
Published: February 2018

Operations were being conducted with a drill ship in deepwater, harsh environment conditions offshore Nova Scotia. After securing the well, the rig disconnected the Lower Marine Riser Package (LMRP) from the lower Blow Out Preventer (BOP). After disconnecting, dynamic loads caused an uplift of the marine riser, ultimately resulting in a failure of the tensioner ring support and loss of the riser/LMRP to the seabed. No personnel were injured in this incident and no spilling of synthetic base mud to the environment occurred. This paper provides a summary of the root causes and contributing factors for the incident.

The Tripod beta method was used to conduct the review of the incident. The scope of the review included the following: Measured data (rig heave, tensioner stroke, tensioner pressures)Moonpool video camera recording of riser and tensioners during and after disconnectAnalytical models for vessel & marine riser dynamics, including the riser tensioner anti-recoil systemRig/moonpool geometry, riser tensioner ring design, and space-outWeather forecastingOperating procedures

Based on initial findings, further studies and analyses were conducted to better understand the dynamic behavior during the transition phase from initial disconnect to the hang-off position.

Forecasted Metocean conditions from a late winter storm indicated the potential to exceed the threshold for rig heave, with the marine riser connected to the well.

In preparation for disconnecting the LMRP, the well was secured with two barriers, a storm packer and closed blind shear rams. Once the rig heave limit was reached, the LMRP was disconnected from the lower BOP stack. Seven minutes after unlatching the LMRP, the riser tensioner profile on the slip joint outer barrel lifted off the riser tensioner ring and landed back onto the tensioner ring off-center. This uneven loading caused the tensioner ring halves to separate, dropping the LMRP and riser to the sea floor.

Analysis showed that one of the most critical phases of disconnecting the LMRP from the BOP occurs immediately after disconnecting and prior to moving the rig a safe distance from well center. The investigation indicated that the root causes of the event included human factors, such as adding additional air to tensioner system and re-setting of the Riser Anti Recoil System (RARS) prior to final hang-off condition. Contributing factors included the dynamic behavior of the riser and a lack of specific procedures for addressing the dynamic system conditions during the critical transition phase.

The paper provides additional information for riser/tensioner configuration and riser dynamics analyses during harsh environment conditions. In particular, additional analyses are presented for the transition phase from disconnect to hang-off position. Initial data is provided for further development of a smart disconnect algorithm, based on machine learning techniques of hind cast data.
An Analytical Model Explanation for Recovering Oil from Organic Nanopores of Shales
Authors: Yang Shu , Xu Yanming
Published: February 2018

Previous oil/water counter-current imbibition experiments on shale and tight rock samples showed that oil can be spontaneously recovered by water. The pore size distribution analysis showed the samples are composed of 2nm to 10nm organic nanopores. The oil recoveries range from 10% to 25%, which cannot be explained by the classical imbibition models. We hypothesize that the recoverable oil are the part of the adsorbed oil in small organic nanopores, the density of which is higher than the bulk oil density. We test this hypothesis by analytical modeling the number density profiles and estimating the free energy of oil and water molelcules in the organic nanopores of the target samples, ranging from 2nm to 10nm. We apply the proposed model on octane and water molecules in carbon nanotubes to investigate the driving force of the oil/water counter-current imbibitions in the organic nanopores of the samples. Results show that the number densities of the octane molecules in the adsorbed region of 2nm to 10nm nanopores are higher than the bulk octane value. As a result, the estimated surface tensions of the adsorbed octane molecules in 2nm to 6nm carbon nanotubes are higher than the surface tension of the bulk water. This reveals the driving force of the adsorbed oil in the small organic nanopores is positive during the oil/water counter-current imbibition experiments on shales. In addition, we compare the surface tension of the octane and water molecules in the carbon nanotubes. This result presents the driving force of the adsorbed octane is higher than that of the adsorbed water. These results indicate the part of the adsorbed oil in small organic nanopores can be spontaneously displaced by the water. Particularly, the estimated oil recoveries in the carbon nanotubes increase as the pore size increasese to 3nm, and then decrease as the pore size increase to 6nm. Based on the pore size distribution of the samples, the calculated oil recoveries of 3 samples show a good agreement with the previous oil/water counter-current imbibition experimental results. These results suggest that most of the recoverable oil of shales and tight rocks during the imbibieion experiments are produced from small organic nanopores.
Machine Learning Applied to Optimize Duvernay Well Performance
Authors: Bowie Braden
Published: February 2018

This paper presents the use of machine learning via a multiple linear regression and a neural network to solve the complex problem of optimizing completions and well designs in the Duvernay shale. Solutions were revealed that could save over a million dollars per well, along with the potential for more than 50% improvement in well performance. This was accomplished through a workflow that rigorously analyzed the relationships between a multitude of well completion variables, generated predictions of future results, and performed optimizations for ideal outcomes. Most importantly, this workflow is not Duvernay specific, and can easily be applied to other basins and formations.

This is a fundamental problem in many industries, in that a responding variable is controlled not just by one predictor variable, but by a number of predictor variables. Inferring the relationship between the responding variable and the predictor variables is then of key importance. Interactions between predictor variables, as well as noise in the data, complicate matters further. This problem can be solved with a multiple linear regression or a neural network, both of which utilizes all predictor variables together. However, care must be taken to obtain a model that is truly predictive and not a result of overfitting the data.

The workflow was applied to 262 Duvernay wells, ranging from dry gas to volatile oil. No wells were excluded for operational or geological reasons, a strength of this methodology. By not excluding any wells, the model could maximize learnings and establish statistical reasons for the variances in well performance observed. The final model achieved very high predictive power, correctly predicting 78% of the variance in well performance on 52 wells the model hadn't been trained on. Conclusions were quite significant, including: Indicating virtually no benefit from more expensive fracturing procedures, such as using ceramic or resin coasted proppant, or having hybrid fluid systems, offering savings of over a million dollars per well in the Duvernay.No benefit from placing wells on an azimuth (parallel to the minimum horizontal stress) vs. a North-South orientation (~45° off azimuth). This allows potentially large savings on a land ownership system not aligned to this direction, by allowing simpler pad design in achieving the same aerial coverage of reservoir depletion.Confirming total fracture tonnage as a key driver of well performance.Suggesting fracture pump rate is associated with better well performance and should be investigated further.

These conclusions would have been very difficult to derive without expensive strategic testing on numerous wells with rigorous control of the completions and geological inputs. When compared to recent well performance of six operators, the neural network predicted substantial ability to improve well performance by varying parameters under operator control. Potential improvement ranged from 19% to 97%, showing large potential improvement for all operators.
Engineered Diversion: Using Well Heterogeneity as an Advantage to Designing Stage Specific Diverter Strategies
Authors: Wutherich K. , Srinivasan S. , Ramsey L. , Katon W. M. , Downie R.
Published: February 2018

When hydraulically fracturing a horizontal wellbore with multiple perforation clusters, the fluid being pumped into the reservoir will preferentially take the path of least resistance. Perforations that are located in the lowest stressed rocks will take a larger amount of fluid, and those perforations located in highest stressed rocks will receive less, or in some cases none. One of the ways that engineers are trying to overcome these differences is the use of diverters. A fluid diverter is typically inserted at some point within a hydraulic fracturing pump schedule to seal off dominant fractures, allowing fluid to flow into under-stimulated fractures.

The problem with this methodology is that without reservoir knowledge, operators rely on rules of thumb developed through trial and error to determine when and how much diverter to use. Data has shown how this methodology can be ineffective, leaving some clusters over stimulated and others under-stimulated. Anecdotal evidence also supports these concerns because equally sized diverter slugs do not always have equal pressure response. This paper will present a methodology currently in use that examines well heterogeneity, and designs the diversion strategy based on actual reservoir properties. Estimations of minimum insitu stress at each cluster are combined with estimates of stress shadow effect both from previous stages and between treatment clusters to determine at which pressure each cluster will accept fluid. This data is then used to bin clusters into primary clusters which will be treated first, followed by a diverter slug, then secondary and possibly tertiary clusters. The volume of diverter slug used will be proportional to the number of clusters within the previous bin.

In addition to this, an engineered diversion strategy will look at the perforation design, fracture treatment design and pump rate. The result of this workflow is a tool that will maximize the effectiveness of diverters that will ultimately result in better producing wells at lower completions cost.
Enhancing Oil Recovery by Adding Surfactants in Fracturing Water: A Montney Case Study
Authors: Yarveicy Hamidreza , Habibi Ali , Pegov Serge , Zolfaghari Ashkan , Dehghanpour Hassan
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the possibility of formation damage reduction during leak-off and flowback processes by adding surfactants to the fracturing fluid. The experiments consist of three phases: In phase I, we conduct compatibility tests on surfactant solutions to select the compatible surfactant solutions with saline reservoir brine. In phase II, we measure interfacial tension between the stable surfactant solutions and the Montney reservoir oil. In phase III, we conduct a series of core flooding tests on the Montney tight core plug to experimentally investigate the leak-off and flowback processes. To evaluate the effects of surfactant solutions on the formation damage reduction we 1) measure the pressure drop across the core plug during both leak-off and flowback processes, and 2) evaluate the oil recovery factor during the leak-off process.

The results of the compatibility tests show that the anionic soloterra surfactant solutions with hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) numbers higher than 10 are compatible with the saline/reservoir brine. Among all stable soloterra surfactant solutions, the soloterra 983 solution shows the lowest interfacial tension (IFT) values. The results of core flooding experiments indicate that the addition of soloterra 983 surfactant into the saline reservoir brine can reduce the pressure drop during leak-off and flowback processes, and therefore, it decreases the possibility of aqueous phase trapping and formation damage in the Montney tight core plugs.
Establishment of Molecular Identity Cards for Cucumis melo Cultivars Using SSR Markers
Authors: Li Li , Xu Xiulan , Wu Ping , Zhang Guo , Zhang Xiaobing
Published: February 2018

Twenty-four representative melon varieties and six parental cultivars were examined in this study. Among 159 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, 18 SSR core primers with rich polymorphic information, a large number of genotypes, and the ability to distinguish different melon varieties were selected. A total of 113 genotypes were detected among the 30 experimental materials, with an average of 6.28 genotypes for each pair of primers. The polymorphic information content was on average 0.6807, ranging from 0.5618 to 0.7885. Specific bands of the primers for the 30 experimental materials were analyzed, and by combining different primer loci, all 30 varieties were identified. Unique barcodes for molecular identity cards for the 30 experimental materials were established using the fingerprints formed with this SSR marker system. Each variety has a unique identity card that can be applied for the registration of the newly bred varieties, the protection of breeders’ rights, and the authenticity of breeds after promulgation of the new Seed Law of the People’s Republic of China.
Screening Ornamental Cherry (Prunus) Taxa for Resistance to Infection by Blumeriella jaapii
Authors: Guo Yonghong , Kramer Matthew , Pooler Margaret
Published: February 2018

Ornamental flowering cherry trees are important landscape plants in the United States but are susceptible to several serious pests and disease problems. Cherry leaf spot, incited by the fungus Blumeriella jaapii, is characterized by defoliating susceptible trees in late summer, leading to weakening or even death of the tree. To identify resistant plants for use in landscape plantings and in our breeding program, we used a detached leaf assay to screen 69 diverse ornamental flowering cherry taxa for resistance to cherry leaf spot. We found clear differences in susceptibility among the accessions, with seven accessions developing essentially no symptoms at all. A variance decomposition showed that most of the variance (59%) occurred among accessions, indicating that genotype, even more than species, determined susceptibility. The detached leaf assay used in this study is an effective method for screening large numbers of plants for relative resistance to cherry leaf spot. These methods will be particularly useful to characterize germplasm and screen hybrids in breeding and selection programs.
Molecular Markers to Select for the j-2–mediated Jointless Pedicel in Tomato
Authors: Lee Tong Geon , Shekasteband Reza , Menda Naama , Mueller Lukas A. , Hutton Samuel F.
Published: February 2018

The jointless pedicel trait of tomato conferred by the j-2 gene is widely used in processing markets for stem-free removal of fruit to accommodate mechanized harvest. Although current utilization of j-2 for fresh-market tomato breeding is limited, interest in this trait may increase as breeders seek to address high labor costs through the development of mechanically harvestable cultivars for the fresh market. Yet, the introduction of this trait into new market classes heavily relies on phenotypic selection because there are presently no high-throughput methods available to genotype j-2. Reliable, high-throughput molecular markers to genotype the presence/absence of j-2 for selective breeding were developed. The molecular markers described here use the high-resolution DNA melting analysis (HRM) genotyping with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS)–based genotyping. Two separate HRM-based markers target the j-2 on chromosome 12 or a linked sequence region 3.5 Mbp apart from the gene, and a dCAPS marker resides on the latter. We demonstrate the association between each marker and the jointless pedicel phenotype using segregating populations of diverse filial generations in multiple genetic backgrounds. These markers provide a useful resource for marker-assisted selection of j-2 in breeding populations.
Light-sensitive Albino Tea Plants and Their Characterization
Authors: Shin Young-Hwan , Yang Rui , Shi Yun-Long , Li Xu-Min , Fu Qiu-Yue , Lu Jian-Liang , Ye Jian-Hui , Wang Kai-Rong , Ma Shi-Cheng , Zheng Xin-Qiang , Liang Yue-Rong
Published: February 2018

Albino tea plants are mutants that grow albino young leaves owing to lack of chlorophylls under certain environmental conditions. There are two types of albino tea plants grown in production, i.e., light- and temperature-sensitive albino tea cultivars. The former grows albino leaves in yellow color under intensive sunlight conditions and the later grows albino leaves with white mesophyll and greenish vein as the environmental temperature is below 20 °C. Both albino teas attract great attention because of their high levels of amino acids and the “umami” taste. There have been many studies focusing on the temperature-sensitive albino tea plants, whereas little attention has been given to the light-sensitive albino tea cultivars. The characteristics of the albino tea cultivars and the mechanism underlying them were reviewed in the present article based on the published literatures, including chemical compositions, morphological characteristics, and molecular genetic mechanism.
Explaining the efficiency of anaesthesiology and intensive care wards in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Lacko Roman , Hajduova Zuzana , Hurný František
Published: February 2018

In this article, the authors measure and evaluate the efficiency of anesthesiology and intensive care wards in the Slovak Republic using the suitable methods and check suitability of methods and variables used in the Slovak healthcare environment. Nowadays, trends are towards modification of basic data envelopment analysis (DEA) incorporating other quantitative methods. In this study, the authors examined the influence of contextual variables on CCR DEA efficiency scores. Variables Ageing index and Unemployment rate had unexpected sign/effect on efficiency. Variables Average length of stay and Bed occupancy rate seem to be adequate to be used and checked for significance in terms of selected wards of the Slovak Republic healthcare. Such types of articles are completely missing in the Slovak Republic. Methods and variables the authors have used could be modificated to needs of individual wards. These findings could be used to build information system of efficiency in the Slovak healthcare within cooperation with National Health Information Center.
The Clustered DNA Lesions – Types, Pathways of Repair and Relevance to Human Health
Authors: Bukowska Barbara , Karwowski Boleslaw T.
Published: February 2018

The clustered DNA lesions are a characteristic feature of ionizing radiation and are defined as
two or more damage sites formed within 20 bps after the passage of a single radiation track. The clustered
DNA lesions are divided into two major groups: double-stranded breaks (DSBs) and non-DSB
clusters also known as Oxidatively-induced Clustered DNA Lesions (OCDLs), which could involve either
two opposing strands or the same strand. As irradiation is gaining greater interest in cancer treatment
as well as in imaging techniques, the detailed knowledge of its genotoxicity and the mechanisms of
repair of radiation-induced DNA damage remain issues to explore. In this review we look at the ways the
cell copes with clustered DNA lesions, especially with 5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxypurines. As the base excision
repair deals with isolated lesions, complex damage is more difficult to repair. Depending on the number
of lesions within a cluster, their types and mutual distribution, long-patch BER or NER are activated.
During the repair of opposing lesions, DSBs could be generated, which are repaired either by nonhomologous
end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). The repair of individual lesions
within a cluster progresses gradually. This slower processing of particular damage might lead to severe
biological consequences such as misrepair, mutations and chromosomal rearrengement as it enhances the
plausibility of a cluster encountering a replication fork prior to its repair. The consequences of clustered
DNA lesions on cell survival and their relevance to the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy and radiodiagnosis
will also be discussed.
A High-fat and High-Cholesterol Diet Potentiates Oxidative Damage in Hippocampus of Mice Lacking Apolipoprotein E
Authors: Guaraldi Mary , Shea Thomas B.
Published: February 2018

Objective:

We examined genetic and dietary challenge on hippocampal oxidative damage. Mice expressing (ApoE+/+) or lacking apolipoprotein E (ApoE-/-) were maintained on a standard diet or a high fat /high cholesterol (challenge) diet for 11-31 weeks. Similar levels of oxidative species were observed for ApoE+/+ and -/- mice maintained on the basal diet.

Method:

However, treatment of ApoE-/- homogenates with hydrogen peroxide and iron increased oxidative species by >100%, indicating an equivalent amount of potential oxidative species in latent form. We observed a time- and region-specific induction of oxidative damage in the hippocampi of ApoE-/- but not +/+ mice while maintained on the challenge diet. Notably, however, additional significant latent oxidative products were detected during this time. After 31 weeks of dietary challenge, by which time hippocampal oxidative species had doubled, there was an additional 50% in the latent form.

Conclusion:

This highlights the degree to which ApoE deficiency places hippocampal tissue at risk for oxidative damage. Even a modest dietary deficiency may be sufficient to provoke oxidative damage to hippocampal tissue. These results highlight the combinatorial impact of genetic and dietary deficiencies on oxidative damage to hippocampal tissue.
Relative Gratification and Outgroup Prejudice: Further Tests On A New Dimension of Comparison
Authors: Gatto Juliette , Guimond Serge , Dambrun Michaël
Published: February 2018

Background:

Recent studies have shown that the opposite of Relative Deprivation, Relative Gratification (RG), also leads to negative intergroup attitudes. In previous investigations, RG was manipulated in terms of positive economic expectations.

Aims:

The aim of the present research was to examine whether the effect of RG is limited to an economic dimension or if it reflects a more general process that is observable in different domains of comparison. In the first experiment, we choose to gratify – or not – psychology students on a new dimension with an important social value: their intellectual abilities.

Conclusion:

As expected, participants of the RG condition expressed a significantly higher level of prejudice towards low status outgroups than participants of the control group. In the second study, we found support for a model in which ethnic identification and group-based dominance mediated the relationship between intelligence based RG and prejudice toward low status ethnic outgroups.
A animação educativa no desenvolvimento pessoal e social de futuros formadores: uma abordagem centrada na prática teatral
Authors: Cunha Maria José dos Santos
Published: February 2018

Neste artigo procuramos focalizar, a partir de um trabalho realizado em contexto extra-curricular com formandos das Licenciaturas de Educação de Infância e de Professores do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, o papel de um objecto de estudo ainda pouco explorado num contexto de formação inicial, o da animação educativa aliada a práticas teatrais, descrevendo de forma sintética o processo que a ele conduziu, apresentando os resultados e apreciando os seus valores.Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento; Formação; Animação; Práticas
Economia popular e educação: a experiência de uma cooperativa de reciclagem de lixo no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Santos Ana Maria Marques , Deluiz Neise
Published: February 2018

Nesta texto analisamos as práticas de uma Cooperativa de Reciclagem de Lixo situada na Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, enfocando a organização e relações de trabalho; os saberes produzidos nos processos de trabalho e as redes de ação coletiva estabelecidas com a comunidade. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas realizadas com os cooperados e suas lideranças e com os técnicos da ONG Autre Terre, que apóia o projeto. Os resultados da pesquisa qualitativa apontam que esta experiência de economia popular e solidária tornou-se uma alternativa de inclusão social, gerando trabalho e renda, além de saberes e valores, na perspectiva de uma educação popular crítica. Nas relações da Cooperativa com a comunidade são estabelecidas redes de ação coletiva, resgatando-se o espaço público, no qual a publicização da diversidade de idéias e concepções pode viabilizar a o exercício da cidadania.Palavras-chave: Economia solidária; Educação popular; Movimentos sociais; Cooperativismo.
Estudo de tradução, adaptação e validação do ASSIST numa amostra de estudantes universitários portugueses
Authors: Valadas Sandra T. , Gonçalves Fernando R. , Faísca Luís
Published: February 2018

Neste estudo são analisadas as abordagens ao estudo, concepções de aprendizagem e preferências por diferentes estilos de ensino características de estudantes universitários. Foi nossa intenção construir uma versão portuguesa do Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students — short version (Tait, Entwistle & McCune, 1998), aferindo a sua validade e fidelidade numa amostra de estudantes universitários portugueses. Os resultados na validade de constructo e os indicadores de fidelidade do instrumento parecem demonstrar que, no global, o ASSIST avalia os constructos teóricos subjacentes e os estudantes que integraram este estudo parecem, de facto, revelar determinadas formas de abordar as tarefas de estudo e de aprendizagem. São, contudo, de destacar algumas limitações, não só características de instrumentos desta natureza, mas também resultantes dos próprios procedimentos e de alguns resultados menos satisfatórios em algumas das subescalas do inventário. Palavras-chave: Abordagens ao estudo; Concepções de aprendizagem; Estudantes universitários; ASSIST
Contribuições das ciências sociais em face dos entraves à educação para sociedades sustentáveis
Authors: Ruscheinsky Aloísio
Published: February 2018

O objeto da investigação centra-se no debate sobre educação e sociedades sustentáveis e as interrogações a propósito deste significado, com a respectiva entonação ideológica. O campo do ambientalismo está desafiado em suas proposições, tanto pelas inovações e seus riscos tecnológicos quanto pela dialética de agregar aos direitos de cidadania também a contemporânea emergência de direitos ao e do meio ambiente. O objetivo é apresentar, sob o enfoque das ciências sociais, algumas provocações sobre a denominação, os condicionamentos e os nexos entre educação e sociedades sustentáveis, de tal forma que tais aspectos atentam às tensões prementes e suscitem, no debate, tanto interrogações urgentes quanto a busca por práticas sociais e responsabilidades públicas. O resultado almejado é apontar controvérsias envolvidas no nexo entre atores socioambientais e a constituição de sociedade sustentável. É a tentativa de contribuir com um amplo esforço empreendido para forjar multiplicadores ou agentes de educação ambiental, interrogando o cuidado efetivo ou envolvimento subjetivo, bem como políticas eficientes ante a crise ambiental.Palavras-chave: Sociedades sustentáveis; Direitos; Atores socioambientais; Dialética.
Proyectos educativos regionales y proyectos de nación divergentes
Authors: Meléndez Luis Arturo Ávila
Published: February 2018

Proponemos valorar la participación de actores regionales en la construcción de ciudadanías nacionales con matices regionales mediante la creación de instituciones de educación superior de régimen privado. Los proyectos de nación de los actores regionales cuentan con una base social regional cuya historicidad se ha ido construyendo a través de procesos conflictivos entre grupos regionales de clase y en interacción con agentes del gobierno nacional. Pretendemos mostrar que los principios promovidos al interior de las instituciones sobre la realidad social y política, el significado del compromiso político y la justicia, están ligados a los contrastantes resultados en cada región de procesos conflictivos de larga duración, como la concreción de pactos entre grupos regionales culturales y de clase durante la consolidación del Estado post-revolucionario.Palabras clave: Educación superior privada; Cultura regional; Estado-nación
Razões oprimidas
Authors: Romão José Eustáquio
Published: February 2018

Paulo Freire, em vida, instava sempre a seus mais próximos colaboradores que não o repetissem, mas que o reinventassem, em cada novo contexto. A abordagem das "razões oprimidas" é uma tentativa de reinvenção do legado freiriano no campo epistemológico. Assim, este texto retoma o princípio que Paulo Freire desenvolveu em Pedagogia do oprimido – o de que somente os oprimidos podem se libertar e libertar, também seus opressores –, estendendo-o ao campo da teoria do conhecimento e, portanto, demonstrando a vantagem epistemológica dos oprimidos e das oprimidas.Palavras-chave: Conscientização; Epistemologia; Libertação; Opressão
A dinâmica do saber em local de trabalho: o caso de uma equipa técnica de educação e formação de adultos
Authors: Loureiro Armando Paulo Ferreira
Published: February 2018

Neste texto discute-se a questão da dinâmica do saber em contexto de trabalho a partir de uma investigação etnográfica realizada junto de técnicos de educação de adultos de uma associação de desenvolvimento local. Mais concretamente, abordam-se três processos: a construção e a reconstrução do saber; os seus diferentes tipos de transferências; e a sua dimensão temporal. Os resultados mostram que o processo de construção e reconstrução assenta na experimentação, na reflexão e na negociação de sentido realizado pelos membros da equipa técnica. As transferências de saber ocorrem de fora para dentro do local de trabalho e dentro do próprio contexto de actuação. Estas transferências estão, normalmente, ligadas ao fazer e ao momento do fazer. Esta é, sem dúvida, outra das principais características do saber deste contexto. Portanto, o saber está intimamente relacionado com a dimensão temporal do fazer.Palavras-chave: Trabalho; Dinâmica do saber; Técnicos de educação de adultos
Os cenários de aprendizagem: espaços de cuidado, conhecimento, poder e cidadania na formação do enfermeiro
Authors: Silva Carmen Maria dos Santos Lopes Monteiro Dantas , Santos Neiva Maria Picinini
Published: February 2018

Diariamente encontramos espaços de poder e cidadania, nos quais se desenvolve a assistência, a pesquisa e a formação profissional. Este artigo tem como objeto de estudo o significado dos cenários de aprendizagem para a formação do estudante de enfermagem. São seus objetivos descrever o significado de cenários de aprendizagem para o estudante de enfermagem e analisar o significado dos cenários de aprendizagem na formação profissional. Para o estudo utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, de junho a julho/2008, num Centro Universitário/RJ. Os sujeitos são 41 estudantes do 1º período de Enfermagem, a 3ª turma a integrar o novo currículo de metodologias ativas. Os dados foram agrupados em quatro unidades temáticas: espaço para o conhecimento e o aprender; espaço de reconstrução de vivências para a enfermagem; espaço de escola e cidadania; espaço de vida, idéias, aptidões, informações, dúvidas e experiências. Os estudantes destacaram os cenários de aprendizagem como espaços de cuidado, poder e cidadania para a formação profissional.Palavras-chave:Cenários de aprendizagem; Formação na graduação; Estudante de enfermagem.