bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On affinoids in quotients of Fermat varieties and explicit formula for Jacobi sum Hecke characters
Authors: Tsushima Takahiro
Published: February 2023

By regarding the Fermat variety over a local field as a rigid analytic variety, we construct a family of affinoids in quotients of the Fermat varieties and compute the reduction of them. As a result, we explicitly compute the middle cohomology of the Fermat variety as a Galois representation. As a byproduct, we give an explicit formula for the ramified components of Jacobi sum Hecke characters in many variables.
Blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity are associated with trait anxiety in humans
Authors: Bigalke Jeremy A. , Durocher John J. , Greenlund Ian M. , Keller-Ross Manda , Carter Jason R.
Published: February 2023

Anxiety is associated with development of cardiovascular disease. Although the sympathetic nervous system is a likely mediator of this relationship, populations with chronic anxiety have shown little, if any, alteration in resting levels of directly recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). The present study is the first to reveal an independent relationship between trait anxiety, resting blood pressure, and MSNA in a large cohort of healthy males and females devoid of cardiometabolic comorbidities.
Environmental Effect of Zinc Oxide Metal Nano Additives in Microalgae Biodiesel in Diesel Engine
Authors: Subbulakshmi M. , Srujana S. , ArifSenolSener  , Al Zubi Mohammad A. , Kumar Ravi , Natarajan Shanthi , Gidebo Tewodros Derese
Published: February 2023

We investigated how to extract energy from algal oil and convert it to biodiesel by transesterification in this study. In addition to performing engine performance tests with varying quantities of fuel mixture, parameters such as power, hourly torque consumption, specific consumption, and emissions of dioxide and monoxide were evaluated as an alternate solution to the pollution problem caused by fossil fuels. A 5.2 kW diesel engine powered the engine. The production of algal oil-based biodiesel was carried out effectively. The algal oil extraction procedure resulted in the production of biodiesel, which was then blended with commercial diesel in the amounts of 20, 40, and 60%. The engine performance testing revealed no statistically significant difference between the power and torque delivered by the various commercial diesel blends. Both hourly and particular consumption showed an increase of 15% and 20%, respectively, regarding commercial diesel consumption. However, the most significant advantage is the reduction in pollutant emissions, as demonstrated by the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by more than 20% in any mixture of commercial diesel and biodiesel when compared to commercial diesel.
[Retracted] The Application Value of Clinical Intervention Approaches Based on the Guidance of Knowledge, Belief, and Action Theory for Children with AB and the Analysis of Risk Factors for Poor Prognosis
Authors: Cui Yuqin , Ni Yu , Yan Haiyan
Published: February 2023

In order to explore the clinical efficacy of knowledge, information, and action theory combined with clinical nursing in children with asthmatic bronchitis (AB) and to analyze the influencing factors of poor prognosis, a total of 98 children with AB in our hospital from January 2021 to August 2022 are collected. The baseline data are analyzed and are randomly divided into a combination group (n = 49) and a single group (n = 49). The experimental results show that the baseline data of the research subjects are not comparable (P > 0.05), the clinical efficacy of the combined group is higher than that of the single group, and the level of pulmonary function indexes in the combined group is significantly higher than that of the single group (P < 0.05). The observation shows that family history, repeated respiratory virus infection, and allergy history are all risk factors affecting the prognosis of children with AB.
A Trust Inference Method Employing Combinatorial Strategies
Authors: Xiao Ruili , Tong Xiangrong
Published: February 2023

Most trust inference algorithms based on

Q

-learning and learning automata often suffer from the problem of insufficient storage space, as well as some algorithms using the shortest trust path do not fully utilize the trust information. To solve the above problems, a trust inference algorithm (DuelingDQNTrust) based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed. It uses Dueling DQN to compute

Q

values to reduce the required storage space and does not limit the traversal depth. Moreover, the way to find out the trusted neighbors of a user is crucial because it affects the reliability of the trust path. So three combination strategies are proposed to find users’ trusted neighbors more accurately. One strategy is to define a priority metric by combining node importance and user similarity to find the top

k

neighbor users of the user as the trusted neighbor set. Another two strategies consider node importance and user similarity in a different order of priority, which first uses a metric to find the top

k

neighbor users of the user, and then further filters these

k

users on another metric to determine the trusted neighbor set of the user. The evaluation of the algorithm on the FilmTrust dataset indicates that the algorithm outperforms several existing trust inference algorithms.
Massive MIMO Systems with Low-Resolution ADCs: Achievable Rates and Allocation of Quantization Bits
Authors: Zhang Wence , Xia Jing , Bao Xu
Published: February 2023

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the large number of high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) lead to high hardware cost and power consumption. In this work, the uplink achievable rates of massive MIMO systems with low-resolution ADCs are studied with consideration of both “Uniform-ADC” that uses ADCs with the same number of quantization bits and “Mixed-ADC” that allows the use of ADCs with different resolutions. By leveraging an additive quantization noise model (AQNM), the asymptotic achievable rates are obtained for maximum ratio combining (MRC), zero-forcing (ZF), and linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) receivers in very simple forms. Taking advantages of the theoretical results, we propose two criteria for allocation of quantization bits. It is found that the optimal quantization bits allocation for LMMSE is Mixed-ADCs with number of quantization bits that are polarized, while Uniform-ADC is optimal for MRC and ZF. When there is a constraint on the total ADC power consumption, the proposed quantization-bit allocation scheme for LMMSE becomes Uniform-ADC when the transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is below a threshold, which is related to the system scale and the ADC power consumption. The theoretical results are verified by Monte-Carlo simulations.
Polymorphisms in the Renin-Angiotensin System and eNOS Glu298Asp Genes Are Associated with Increased Risk for Essential Hypertension in a Mexican Population
Authors: Isordia-Salas Irma , Santiago-Germán David , Flores-Arizmendi Alejandro , Leaños-Miranda Alfredo
Published: February 2023

Background. Essential hypertension is the result of modifiable and genetic factors, and it is associated with increased risk for atherothrombosis. Some polymorphisms are associated with hypertensive disease. The objective was to analyze the association between eNOS Glu298Asp, MTHR C677T, AGT M235T, AGT T174M, and A1166C and ACE I/D polymorphisms with essential hypertension in the Mexican population. Materials and Methods. In the present study, 224 patients with essential hypertension and 208 subjects without hypertension were included. The Glu298Asp, C677T, M235T, T174M, A1166C, and I/D polymorphisms were determined by the PCR-RFLP technique. Results. We found statistical differences in age, gender, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol between control and cases. However, we found no significant differences in HbA1c and triglycerides between both groups. We observed statistical significant differences in the genotype distribution of Glu298Asp ([Formula: see text]), I/D ([Formula: see text]), and M235T ([Formula: see text]) polymorphisms between both groups. In contrast, there were no differences related to distribution of genotypes of MTHFR C677T ([Formula: see text]), M174T ([Formula: see text]), and A1166C ([Formula: see text]) between cases and control groups. Conclusions. We identified that Glu298Asp, I/D, and M234T polymorphisms represented an increased risk for essential hypertension and those genetic variants could contribute to the presence of endothelial dysfunction and vasopressor effect, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells, which had an impact for hypertension. In contrast, we found no association between C677C, M174T, and A1166C polymorphisms and hypertensive disease. We suggested that those genetic variants could be identified in individuals with high risk to avoid hypertension and thrombotic disease.
The Role of Radiotherapy for Patients with Unresectable Locally Advanced Breast Cancer following Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Meng Jin , Zhang Xiaomeng , Zhang Li , Chen Xingxing , Yang Zhaozhi , Mei Xin , Yu Xiaoli , Zhang Zhen , Shao Zhimin , Liu Guangyu , Guo Xiaomao , Ma Jinli
Published: February 2023

Background. For locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients who remained unresectable after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST), radiotherapy (RT) is considered as an approach for tumor downstaging. In this study, we attempted to discuss the value of RT for patients with unresectable or progressive disease in the breast and/or regional nodes following NST. Methods. Between January 2013 and November 2020, the data for 71 patients with chemo-refractory LABC or de novo bone-only metastasis stage IV BC who received locoregional RT with or without surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed. Factors associated with tumor complete response (CR) were recognized using logistic regression. Locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox regression model was applied to recognize the recurrence risk factors. Results. After RT, 11 patients (15.5%) achieved total cCR. Triple-negative subtype (TNBC) was associated with a lower total cCR rate compared with other subtypes (

p

 = 0.033). 26 patients proceeded to surgery, and the operability rate was 36.6%. 1-year LRPFS and PFS were 79.0% and 58.0%, respectively, for the entire cohort. Surgical cases had an improved 1-year LRPFS (

p

 = 0.015), but not 1-year PFS (

p

 = 0.057), compared with definitive RT cases. Non-any cCR was the most prominent predictor of a shorter LRPFS (

p

 < 0.001) and PFS (

p

 = 0.002) in the multivariate analysis. Higher TNM stage showed a trend toward a shorter LRPFS time (

p

 = 0.058), and TNBC (

p

 = 0.061) showed a trend toward a shorter PFS interval. Conclusions. This study demonstrated that RT was an effective tumor downstaging option for chemo-refractory LABC. For patients with favorable tumor regression, surgery following RT might bring survival benefits.
Fatigue Life Evaluation of Parallel Steel-Wire Cables under the Combined Actions of Corrosion and Traffic Load
Authors: Yu Sheng , Yan Cheng , Liu Chengyin , Ou Jinping
Published: February 2023

Fatigue and corrosion are the main reasons for the failure of stay cables. Traffic load also plays a significant role in cable fatigue. To study the fatigue life of stay cables under the combined action of traffic load and corrosion, this study originally deduced the fatigue probability model for steel wires, considering the stress range and average stress based on the nonlinear fatigue damage model. Then, the weight loss rate was introduced into the fatigue probability model for steel wires in order to obtain the fatigue life probability model for corroded steel wires. Subsequently, a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) was conducted to predict the fatigue life of stay cables under different guaranteed probabilities. Finally, using a cable-stayed bridge on the Yangtze River in China as an example, the fatigue life of the stay cables in the bridge under the combined effects of different corrosive environments and measured traffic loads was evaluated. Results indicate that both the stress range and mean stress affect the fatigue life of the steel wire. The fatigue life of stay cables is determined by a few steel wires with shorter lives, and the stress redistribution accelerates the failure of the inner wire of the stay cables. The fatigue life of the stay cables on background engineering is much less than the design life of the bridge under the combined actions of a middle-level or high-level corrosive environment and traffic load.
Construction and Verification of a Risk Prediction Model for the Occurrence of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Requiring Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Chen Xianjun , Ou Yue , Leng Jingxing , Wang Changfeng , Min Feixiang , Xia Yinghua , Yu Gui , Xiang Hui , Liu Ru’en
Published: February 2023

Objectives. Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) contributes to poor aneurysm prognosis. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and DCI have irreversible and severe consequences once they occur; therefore, early prediction and prevention are important. We investigated the risk factors for postoperative complications of DCI in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) requiring mechanical ventilation in intensive care and validated a prediction model. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed patients with aSAH who were treated in a French university hospital neuro‐ICU between January 2010 and December 2015. The patients were randomized into a training group (144) and verification groups (60). Nomograms were validated in the training and verification groups, where receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to verify model discrimination; calibration curve and Hosmer‐Lemeshow test were used to determine model calibration; and decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to verify clinical validity of the model. Results. External ventricular drain (EVD), duration of mechanical ventilation, and treatment were significantly associated in the univariate analysis; EVD and rebleeding were significantly associated with the occurrence of DCI after aSAH. Binary logistic regression was used to select five clinicopathological characteristics to predict the occurrence of DCI in patients with aSAH requiring mechanical ventilation nomograms of the risk of DCI. Area under the curve values for the training and verification groups were 0.768 and 0.246, with Brier scores of 0.166 and 0.163, respectively. Hosmer‐Lemeshow calibration test values for the training and verification groups were x2 = 3.824 (P = 0.923) and x2 = 10.868 (P = 0.285), respectively. Calibration curves showed good agreement. DCA indicated that the training and verification groups showed large positive returns in the broad risk range of 0‐77% and 0‐63%, respectively. Conclusions. The predictive model of concurrent DCI in aSAH has theoretical and practical values and can provide individualized treatment options for patients with aSAH who require mechanical ventilation.
Investigation of Aeroelasticity Effect on Missile Separation from the Internal Bay
Authors: Tian Shuling , Li Rongjie , Xu Ke
Published: February 2023

There is a strong aerodynamic interference when launching the missile in the embedded mode. During the separation process, the carrier aircraft safety may be threatened due to large slenderness ratio, low structural stiffness, and aeroelasticity effects of the missile. The present study simulates missile separation in the presence of the aeroelasticity effects based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), rigid body dynamics (RBD), and computational structure dynamics (CSD) coupling method. A hybrid dynamic grid method consisting of the mixed overset unstructured grid and deformation grid is utilized. In order to verify the accuracy of the coupled numerical method, store separation from a wing and AGARD 445.6 wing flutter are first simulated as two standard test cases. The verification results imply that the present coupled numerical method is reliable and capable in simulation of the aeroelastic effect in missile separation. The influence of aeroelasticity on the separation trajectory of a missile from the internal bay is systematically studied at different states. Numerical results show that aeroelasticity substantially affects the missile angular displacement, while it has a slight impact on the linear displacement of the center of mass. Mach number and flight altitude are two important flight parameters that characterize the aeroelasticity effect on missile separation from the internal bay.
Multi-Maintenance Olaparib Therapy in Relapsed, Germline BRCA1/2-Mutant High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (MOLTO): A Phase II Trial
Authors: Morgan Robert D. , Clamp Andrew R. , White Daniel J. , Price Marcus , Burghel George J. , Ryder W. David J. , Mahmood Reem D. , Murphy Alexander D. , Hasan Jurjees , Mitchell Claire L. , Salih Zena , Wheeler Chelsey , Buckley Emma , Truelove Joanna , King Georgia , Ainaoui Yasmina , Bhaskar Sanjeev S. , Shaw Joseph , Evans D. Gareth R. , Kilerci Bedirhan , Pearce Simon P. , Brady Gerard , Dive Caroline , O'Connor James P.B. , Wallace Andrew J. , Rothwell Dominic G. , Edmondson Richard J. , Jayson Gordon C.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

A single maintenance course of a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) improves progression-free survival (PFS) in germline BRCA1/2-mutant high-grade serous ovarian cancer (gBRCAm-HGSOC). The feasibility of a second maintenance course of PARPi was unknown.

Patients and Methods:

Phase II trial with two entry points (EP1, EP2). Patients were recruited prior to rechallenge platinum. Patients with relapsed, gBRCAm-HGSOC were enrolled at EP1 if they were PARPi-naïve. Patients enrolled at EP2 had received their first course of olaparib prior to trial entry. EP1 patients were retreated with olaparib after RECIST complete/partial response (CR/PR) to platinum. EP2 patients were retreated with olaparib ± cediranib after RECIST CR/PR/stable disease to platinum and according to the platinum-free interval. Co-primary outcomes were the proportion of patients who received a second course of olaparib and the proportion who received olaparib retreatment for ≥6 months. Functional homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), somatic copy-number alteration (SCNA), and BRCAm reversions were investigated in tumor and liquid biopsies.

Results:

Twenty-seven patients were treated (EP1 = 17, EP2 = 10), and 19 were evaluable. Twelve patients (63%) received a second course of olaparib and 4 received olaparib retreatment for ≥6 months. Common grade ≥2 adverse events during olaparib retreatment were anemia, nausea, and fatigue. No cases of MDS/AML occurred. Mean duration of olaparib treatment and retreatment differed (12.1 months vs. 4.4 months; P < 0.001). Functional HRD and SCNA did not predict PFS. A BRCA2 reversion mutation was detected in a post-olaparib liquid biopsy.

Conclusions:

A second course of olaparib can be safely administered to women with gBRCAm-HGSOC but is only modestly efficacious.

See related commentary by Gonzalez-Ochoa and Oza, p. 2563
Benefit of Continuation of Low-Dose Imatinib for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors despite Adverse Events with Regular-Dose Imatinib
Authors: Katsumata Ryo , Monobe Yasumasa , Katata Yosuke , Fujiwara Hideyo , Urano Takashi , Akagi Akihisa , Tsujimoto Kotone , Konishi Takako , Manabe Noriaki , Kamada Tomoari , Kawamoto Hirofumi , Yamatsuji Tomoki , Naomoto Yoshio
Published: February 2023

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib improve the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, treatment options for GISTs are still limited, and the continuation of TKIs is difficult due to adverse events in some cases. The effectiveness of low-dose imatinib is unclear. We report 2 cases to show effectiveness of low-dose imatinib in patients with adverse events. The first case is a male in his early 60s with a history of intestinal GIST resection who was diagnosed with recurrent GIST with peritoneal dissemination. He was started on low-dose imatinib (300 mg) because of a history of subconjunctival hemorrhage after receiving postoperative imatinib. Follow-up contrast-enhanced ultrasonography revealed that the tumors had shrunk in size and number after 2 months of treatment with 300-mg imatinib. He continued this treatment and showed partial response for 8 months. The second case is a female in her late 70s with rectal GIST who was treated with imatinib 400 mg. Due to a severe skin lesion, she changed her treatment to sunitinib 2 months after initiation. However, new metastasis in the liver was confirmed after 4 months of administration of sunitinib. She underwent surgical esection of the rectal tumor to reduce the volume. After the surgery, low-dose imatinib (300 mg) with oral steroids was adopted. Follow-up confirmed the absence of recurrence at the rectum and no increase in hepatic tumor size for 18 months. Aggressive treatment with low-dose imatinib instead of discontinuation or alteration of treatment may benefit patients with unresectable and postoperative GISTs with sensible mutation to imatinib.
A Case of Autoimmune Gastritis and Hepatitis with Enlarging Gastric Polyps after Reducing the Dose of Prednisolone
Authors: Katsumata Ryo , Kamada Tomoari , Murao Takahisa , Sunago Aya , Suehiro Mitsuhiko , Monobe Yasumasa , Iwasaki Yoshiaki , Kawamoto Hirofumi , Nagai Hiroshi , Haruma Ken
Published: February 2023

Autoimmune gastritis is immune-mediated gastritis that destroys the oxyntic mucosa. Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease caused by an autoimmune reaction. These diseases share similar pathogeneses as organ-specific autoimmune disorders; however, cases involving both diseases are quite rare and scarcely reported. Herein, we report a patient with concurrent autoimmune gastritis and hepatitis who developed enlargement of hyperplastic polyps and progression of gastric atrophy. The patient was a 79-year-old female referred to our hospital for the treatment of hyperplastic polyps detected on a follow-up upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The patient’s previous upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 3 years prior revealed small hyperplastic polyps and no mucosal atrophy. However, the current upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed three 10-mm red polyps, severe mucosal atrophy in the corpus, and mild atrophy in the antral area. In addition, biopsy samples from the gastric body revealed decreased parietal cells and diffuse lymphocytic infiltration of the deep mucosa. Further, chromogranin A-positive endocrine cell micronests and enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia were detected. After confirming the diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis, endoscopic mucosal resection was performed for all the polyps, which were histopathologically diagnosed as hyperplastic polyps without malignancy. Therefore, clinicians should consider autoimmune gastritis for enlarged hyperplastic polyps and gastric atrophy progression.
Mandibular Metastasis as the First Manifestation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Fernández-Ferreira Ricardo , Savage-Leyva Roberto , Durán-Guerrero Luis Fernando , Carranza-Sevilla Maria del Rocio , Zamorano-Vazquez Carlos , Monroy-Godínez Carlos-Emmanuel Florencio , Hernández-Ramírez Germán-Raymundo , Torres-Zazueta Jose Manuel , Ceron-Ibarra Ernesto , Dorantes-Heredia Rita
Published: February 2023

Metastatic malignancies of the oral cavity are rare lesions, accounting for only 1–4% of all oral malignancies, and can occur in the jaw bones, the oral soft tissues, or even both. Although hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary hepatic tumor, no more than 1% of the cases show oral involvement. When metastatic tumor involves the oral cavity, the most frequent site is the posterior angle of the mandible. Histologically, hence, immunohistochemical markers are used for diagnosis. Glypican-3 and HepPar1 are the markers that can be used to confirm the microscopic diagnosis of HCC. Very rarely, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasizes to the oral cavity, and such cases have a poor prognosis due to delay in diagnosis. We present a 74-year-old male with a metastasis of HCC in the left mandibular body as the first manifestation. Histologic examination confirmed metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in the oral mucosa with immunohistochemical (IHC) markers. A review of pertinent literature was performed. Given the rarity of the disease, treatment principles are based mainly on retrospective series and case reports. We report an exceptionally unusual presentation with few cases (<70) reported in the literature, thus representing a diagnostic challenge.
A Recurrent Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma in the Cerebellum in a Young Adult: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Aljendi Ruba , Knifaty Mohammed Amr , Amin Mohammed , Diab Souliman , Ali Muhammad Saleh , Alshehabi Zuheir
Published: February 2023

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare glioma. It accounts for less than 1% of all astrocytomas. About 98% of PXAs originate supratentorially with the temporal lobe being the most common location. Cases of infratentorial PXAs are rarely reported in the medical literature. The tumor presents with a wide variation of symptoms based on the neuroanatomy involved with the location and size of the tumor, with seizures being the most reported symptom. The diagnosis depends on histological and clinical features along with radiologic features. We searched the keywords “Pleomorphic xanthastrocytoma, PXA, cerebellum, infratentorium, astrocytoma, gliomas” in the PubMed database; from 1979 to the current date, 28 cases were found in the medical literature featuring PXA in the infratentorium. We present the 29th case in the literature and the first in Syria. Our patient had a lesion in the right cerebellum and presented with a history of intermittent headache for 5 months followed by progressive gait disturbances and blurry vision and was misdiagnosed at the time of presentation with a high-grade glioma which is a common confusion because of the histological and clinical similarities. The patient underwent a suboccipital craniotomy, and adjuvant therapy with a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide was initiated at first. Then, the patient presented with a relapse of symptoms and went through another surgery where frozen sections suggested the diagnosis of PXA; further histopathological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis. Alongside highlighting the diagnostic challenge of this rare tumor, we did a brief review of the literature.
Técnicas e saberes da construção civil: cartilha de orientações
Authors: Abdalla Álvaro Martins ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos
Published: February 2023

Com a participação de docentes do IAU, IB, EESC e FE, este material foi produzido como desdobramento dos projetos “Ações sócio espaciais participativas em territórios do precário: Paraisópolis, Propostas Urbanos-Ambientais frente a Pandemia do COVID”, Programa Aprender na Comunidade / PRG-USP, e “Equidade Urbana em Territórios do Precário: ações sócio espaciais participativas em Paraisópolis”, Programa ODS_ONU 2021 / PRCEU-USP, com o apoio da Comissão de Cultura e Extensão do Instituto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo (IAU-USP). Tais Programas têm como objetivo aqproximar a universidade da sociedade, sendo que o primeiro objetiva também a formação de alunos da graduação em espaço extramuros, ampliando assim suas perspectivas sobre diversas realidades socioculturais, nas quais a produção do conhecimento científico pode se fazer presente. Esses projetos pretendem relacionar conhecimentos e práticas transdisciplinares - que envolvem diversos campos do saber científico - e articular crítica e prática. Isso, entre as áreas da arquitetura e urbanismo, educação, engenharia ambiental e sanitária, além da biologia, no esforço de promover ações de extensão colaborativas e de co-participação.
Padre Landell: o autor das primeiras transmissões de voz e música por ondas de rádio do mundo
Authors: Almeida Hamilton
Published: February 2023

O rádio, a mídia de maior penetração no planeta, nasceu de maneira surpreendente: em um país periférico, distante dos grandes centros de ciência. A façanha foi realizada por um padre católico brasileiro que trabalhava sozinho e dispunha de poucos recursos. No final do século XIX, Roberto Landell de Moura foi protagonista de pelo menos duas das mais antigas transmissões de voz por ondas de rádio da história. Lutando contra tudo e contra todos – destruíram os seus aparelhos porque era “um padre que falava com o demônio” - patenteou os seus inventos no Brasil e nos EUA. Mesmo assim, não recebeu nenhum apoio financeiro. É mais um exemplo do conflito secular entre o negacionismo e a ciência.
De enfermidade sistêmica à enfermidade local: Análise do estudo sobre a gênese dos tumores na obra de Claude Gendron (1701)
Authors: Abreu Bernardo Ternus de , Martins Rosemari Lorenz , Abreu Caio Francisco Ternus de
Published: February 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da obra Sur la Nature et la Guerison des Cancers (1701), do médico francês Claude Gendron, publicada em Paris. O ponto de atenção deposita-se em sua análise sobre a gênese tumoral, que se distancia parcialmente do humoralismo, que era pautado na interrupção do fluxo humoral para adotar uma perspectiva mais local, segundo a qual os tumores eram decorrentes da transformação de estruturas locais e da composição de massas duras fruto das suas perdas de função. Como procuramos demonstrar, a passagem de uma abordagem mais sistêmica para local, contudo, não acompanhou um abandono de categorias humoralistas, como apontado por trabalhos em história da medicina. As fontes consultadas foram tratados de medicina franceses e espanhóis entre 1690 e 1720, cotejados com bibliografia na temática.
A Companhia Geral de Eletricidade: Da necessidade de geração de energia elétrica aos desafios enfrentados por pequenas concessionárias do setor energético
Authors: Pereira Aline Isabela Paulino
Published: February 2023

A energia elétrica é de suma importância para o funcionamento do nosso dia a dia. Pensar em ter que realizar até as tarefas mais básicas sem esse serviço já é suficiente para causar preocupação às autoridades e sociedade. Neste artigo é analisado o caso da Companhia Geral de Eletricidade (CGE), uma concessionária nacional que enfrentou uma série de desafios para conseguir gerar e distribuir energia elétrica para os municípios de Caconde e Tapiratiba em um contexto de eminente crise energética, com risco de apagões. Antes de analisar o caso da CGE em específico, buscou-se, ainda que de forma sucinta, descrever o contexto energético do estado de São Paulo, demonstrando como a falta de políticas que visassem a regulação do setor energético em uma escala nacional, contribuiu para a má distribuição do recurso e, consequentemente, contribuiu para as desigualdades econômicas e sociais de algumas regiões.
Viagens por um paraíso ilusório: notas sobre a expedição de Betty Meggers à região do Baixo Amazonas e sua rede de colaboradores (1948-1949)
Authors: Sombrio Mariana Moraes de Oliveira
Published: February 2023

Os trabalhos de Betty Jane Meggers (1921-2012) tiveram importância fundamental nos estudos sobre arqueologia amazônica e impulsionaram o desenvolvimento de novos estudos no Brasil. Sua primeira viagem ao país foi a expedição que realizou na região do Baixo Amazonas, acompanhada por seu marido e parceiro de trabalho, Clifford Evans (1920-1981), em colaboração com o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi e com o Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 1948 e 1949. Neste artigo, essa viagem é retratada a partir dos diários de campo de Betty Meggers, cuja leitura permitiu mapear a rede de colaboradores que a apoiou, em toda sua diversidade, além de revelar aspectos subjetivos e pessoais envolvidos em seu trabalho de campo. São abordadas também as coleções que o casal formou e a distribuição desses conjuntos cerâmicos entre museus diversos. As descrições detalhadas redigidas por Meggers em seus cadernos de campo incluem notas diárias sobre os períodos que passou no Rio de Janeiro e em Belém, sobre as incursões às Ilhas de Marajó, Caviana, Mexiana e ao território do Amapá, e um curto período em que esteve em Belo Horizonte. Incluem também os diversos nomes de brasileiros que aparecem na narrativa, revelando toda uma estrutura de trabalho coletivo em torno do casal de pesquisadores para que a produção daquele conhecimento fosse possível.
Evaluating the Spatial Distribution of Some Toxic Substances Concentration with the Microbial Contamination of Wetland Water, Sediment and Fishes, and Their Potential Health Hazards
Authors: Uguru H. , Akpokodje O. I. , Agbi G. G. , Essaghah A. E. , Sami Rokayya , Aljahani Amani H. , Al-Meshal Areej Suliman , Al-Eisa Rasha A. , Althobaiti Waad , Alotaibi Areej , Johari Doaa Mahmoud , Helal Mahmoud
Published: February 2023

This study evaluated the impact of anthropogenic factors on the accumulation of toxic materials in wetland. The wetland was micro-zoned into five sub-regions, namely; NDE, ISN, ISS, UGS and BUR. Sediment, water and fishes (catfish and tilapia) were sampled from each locality. Heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe, Pb and Zn) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) of the samples were determined. The pollution indices (Bioaccumulation quotient “BQ”, contamination factor “CF”, geoaccumulation index “Igeo”, enrichment factor “EF” and Pollution load index “PLI”) and potential health risks (Metal Pollution Index “MPL”, Estimated Daily Intake “EDI”, Total Health hazard quotient “THQ” and Hazard index “HI”) of the water, sediment and fish flesh were calculated appropriately. The results revealed that the wetland fishes contained viable bacteria which ranged between 1362.0 cfu/g and 2634.3 cfu/g. Heavy metal level ranking in the sediment and water was Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd. Spatially, the heavy metals concentration in the water, sediment and fish followed the order: BUR > UGS > ISN > ISS > NDE. The TPH concentration in water, sediment and fishes differed significantly across the five sub-regions (p≤ 0.05), and its value ranged from 3.44 mg/kg to 99.38 mg/kg for the catfish, 2.08 mg/kg to 83.73 mg/kg for the tilapia, 25.34 mg/kg to 718.87 mg/kg for the sediment and 0.016 mg/kg to 1.099 mg/kg for the water. Spatial ranking of the TPH levels in the fish flesh was BUR > UGS > ISN > NDE > ISS; sediment TPH level ranked BUR > UGS > NDE > ISN > ISS; and the water TPH level ranked BUR > UGS > ISN > ISS > NDE. Human health risks associated with the consumption of the wetland fish ranked thus BUR > UGS > ISN > NDE > ISS. It was evident from the results that anthropogenic actions from resulting poor regional planning had significant effect on environmental health. The results called for environmental protection for public interest in order to prevent disease epidemics.
A Model of Energy and Spectral Shape for the Internal Gravity Wave Field in the Deep Sea: The Parametric IDEMIX Model
Authors: Olbers Dirk , Pollmann Friederike , Patel Ankitkumar , Eden Carsten
Published: February 2023

The spectral description of the energy of oceanic internal gravity waves is generally represented by the Garrett–Munk (GM) model, a function with a power-law decrease of spectral energy in wavenumber–frequency space. Besides the slopes of these power laws, the spectrum is expressed as a function of energy and a bandwidth parameter that fixes the range of vertical modes excited in the respective state. Whereas concepts have been developed and agreed upon of what processes feed the wave spectrum and what dissipates energy, there is no explanation of what shapes the spectral distribution, i.e., how the power laws come about and what sets the bandwidth. The present study develops a parametric spectral model of energy and bandwidth from the basic underlying energy balance in terms of forcing, propagation, refraction, spectral transfer, and dissipation. The model is an extension of the IDEMIX (Internal Wave Dissipation, Energy and Mixing) models where bandwidth was taken as a constant parameter. The current version of the model is restricted to single-column mode and the slopes of the spectral power laws are fixed. A coupled system of predictive equations for energy and bandwidth (for up- and downward propagating waves) results. The equations imply that bandwidth relates to energy by a power law with an exponent given by the dynamical parameters. It agrees favorably with energy, bandwidth, and slope data from previously published fits of the GM model to Argo float observations. Numerical solutions of the coupled energy–bandwidth model in stand-alone modus are presented.
Pediatric Appendicitis Transfers From Adult Centers: Can Alvarado Scores Help Determine Which Patients Need a CT?
Authors: Williams Jennifer , Butchy Margaret , Lau Lucinda , Debski Nicole , Williamson John , Knapp Kristen , Katz Douglas , Moront Matthew , Lindholm Erika B.
Published: February 2023

Background

Acute appendicitis is possible for any pediatric patient with abdominal pain. At our tertiary care center, patients are transferred for surgical management with unnecessary or excessive imaging. We hypothesize that using the Alvarado score (AS) to clinically stage patients will identify patient groups that could be transferred prior to imaging.

Methods

Retrospective review of pediatric patients transferred to our hospital for suspected appendicitis between 11/2020 and 3/2022 was performed. Variables collected included AS, imaging, and pathology. Alvarado score was calculated for each patient, and patients were grouped into low score, intermediate score, and high score groups. Positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated for patients who underwent CT.

Results

196 patients (age 2-17, 58% male) were transferred with suspected appendicitis. CT was obtained in 67% of patients and was not significantly different between groups. The low-score group (n=35) had a rate of appendicitis of 14% and the PPV of CT was 33%. The intermediate-score group (n = 74) had a rate of appendicitis of 62% and the PPV of CT was 88%. In the high-score group (n = 87), the rate of appendicitis was 92% and PPV of CT was 98%.

Discussion

Our data show that patients with low, intermediate, and high AS undergo CT at similar rates. We suggest that patients in the low score and high score groups may not benefit from reflexive CT given the likelihood of appendicitis based on the Alvarado score. We propose that CT in these groups be performed at the discretion of the pediatric center in order to expedite transfer and spare children excess radiation.
Delayed Presentation of Small Bowel Injury Following Extraperitoneal Ballistic Injury
Authors: Ninad Nehal , Edwards Macie , Parker Paul , Glenn Joshua
Published: February 2023

Lack of peritoneal violation has been a strong tenet of nonoperative management for extraperitoneal penetrating injuries. There have been reports of intraperitoneal injuries without peritoneal violation in adult trauma literature. Such reports are scarce in pediatric trauma. We report delayed presentation of a small bowel injury in a 4-year-old male following extraperitoneal ballistic injury. No peritoneal violation was noted on wound exploration allowing conservative management. Patient developed abdominal distention on postoperative day 1, and radiologic imaging showed intraperitoneal air warranting an exploratory laparotomy. Intraperitoneal injuries without peritoneal violation have been attributed to the transmission of kinetic energy through the extraperitoneal tissue. Clinical judgment, physical exam, and radiologic adjuncts are of the utmost importance in management. Given our findings, extraperitoneal penetrating injuries certainly warrant extended observation of the patient.
Introducing the Women’s Activities in Armed Rebellion (WAAR) project, 1946–2015
Authors: Loken Meredith , Matfess Hilary
Published: February 2023

This article introduces the Women’s Activities in Armed Rebellion (WAAR) project, a multi-methods project that includes a cross-sectional dataset of women’s participation in more than 370 organizations fighting in civil conflicts between 1946 and 2015. The dataset features 22 measures of women’s participation in rebel organizations: it includes prevalence and presence measures of women’s participation in combat, non-combat and leadership roles; details on all-female units within groups (and their primary focus – combat or support activities); and presence measures for types of support work (disaggregated into clandestine work, outreach to civilian populations and logistical support) and types of leadership activities (military or non-military) that women contribute. The WAAR project also includes a detailed, qualitative assessment of women’s involvement in each organization, comprising an approximately 360-page handbook of female rebel participation in the post-WWII period. This article describes the WAAR project and suggests avenues for future research leveraging these data.
The Collateral Cost of Juvenile Adjudications in Adult Sentencing Guideline Recommendations: The Contribution of Policy to Cumulative Disadvantage
Authors: Galvin Miranda A. , Kurlychek Megan C. , Kleiman Matthew
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To assess whether, and to what extent, juvenile adjudications contribute to cumulative disadvantage at adult sentencing. Additionally, we parse out the relative contribution of structural disadvantage. Methods: Using data on individuals sentenced in Pennsylvania Courts of Common Pleas from 2015 to 2019, we estimate real and counterfactual incarceration sentences (probability and length). We term the difference between these estimates the “collateral cost” of juvenile adjudication. We also estimate counterfactuals under alternative policy structures. Results: Adjudications impose a substantial collateral cost on adult sentences, raising the probability of incarceration by 0.14 (23 percent of total risk) and the length of incarceration by 3 months. The cost of juvenile records is greater for individuals convicted of moderately to very serious crimes and for Black and male defendants. Structural factors are most impactful for the most common offense levels. Alternative policy structures can lessen absolute costs but are not capable of eliminating disparate costs across demographic groups. Conclusions: The use of juvenile adjudications to inform adult sentencing recommendations contributes to cumulative disadvantage, both in that Black and male defendants are more likely to be affected and that they face greater costs when they do. Guidelines changes can reduce this cost for many defendants.
Negotiating Honour by Jat and Muslim Women in Muzaffarnagar, Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Mishra Astha , Rayaprol Aparna
Published: February 2023

In this article, we critically examine honour as a daily cultural code which is pivotal in organising gender relations, and go beyond culture-centric and Eurocentric conceptions of honour. By looking at everyday honour practices of Jat and Muslim women, in Muzaffarnagar, western Uttar Pradesh, we argue against the dominant understanding of honour as a product of religious mannerism and a culturally specific trait. Rather by looking at two religiously different, but agriculturally intertwined communities, we argue that both the communities have an analogous underpinning of honour which is embedded in agrarian ecology. Through empirical evidence, we argue that honour is a regional ethos, embedded and organised around the resource of agrarian land. As anxieties around agriculture and the agrarian way of life are increasing because of agrarian transformation, we see a resurgence of honour in the region. We focus the analytical lens around honour as a negotiated process and argue that women of both communities, in the region are ‘doing’ honour to bargain with patriarchy and negotiate for their upward mobility.
A Political Theory for a Multispecies, Climate-Challenged World: 2050
Authors: Celermajer Danielle , Schlosberg David , Wadiwel Dinesh , Winter Christine
Published: February 2023

This essay is part of a special issue celebrating 50 years of Political Theory. The ambition of the editors was to mark this half century not with a retrospective but with a confabulation of futures. Contributors were asked: What will political theory look and sound like in the next century and beyond? What claims might political theorists or their descendants be making in ten, twenty-five, fifty, a hundred years’ time? How might they vindicate those claims in their future contexts? How will the consistent concerns of political theorists evolve into the questions critical for people decades or centuries from now? What new problems will engage the political theorists (or their rough equivalents) of the future? What forms might those take? What follows is one of the many confabulations published in response to these queries.
Synchronous Presentation of Right Parotid Branchial Cleft Cyst and Left Neck HPV-Associated Cystic Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Quandary
Authors: Naqvi Syed H. A. , Naqvi Syed H. S. , Allen David , Eguia Arturo A. , Liu Jing , Karni Ron J.
Published: February 2023

Branchial cleft cyst arising within the parotid space is considered an extremely rare phenomenon. In contrast, cystic squamous cell carcinoma in the lateral neck is not an uncommon presentation of HPV-related head and neck cancer. Although they have singly been narrated in literature, simultaneous expression of these anomalies has yet to be reported. We describe a case of synchronous presentation of branchial cleft cyst of the right parotid gland and cystic metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the left neck. These findings are discussed in light of the challenges in fine needle aspiration biopsy of cystic masses, and the risk of two distinct pathologic entities presenting as cysts in the head and neck.
Food Environments, Food Security, and Household Food Availability of Circular Migrant Families: A Mixed-Methods Study Among Brick Kiln Laborers in Bihar, India
Authors: Roshania Reshma P. , Webb-Girard Amy , Das Aritra , Giri Rakesh , Mala G. Sai , Srikantiah Sridhar , Young Melissa F. , Mahapatra Tanmay , Ramakrishnan Usha
Published: February 2023

Background:

Circular migration is the dominant pattern of movement in India and is a livelihood strategy used by many food insecure rural households. Repeated shifts in food environments have important implications on household food security and dietary patterns but have not been studied.

Objective:

To explore differences in the food environment, food security, and food availability between home and destination spaces.

Methods:

Mixed-methods research was conducted among circular migrant families working and residing on brick kilns in the state of Bihar. Utilizing stratified cluster sampling, 2 rounds of cross-sectional data were collected from 2564 families. Additionally, 25 in-depth interviews were conducted with circular migrant parents, kiln owners, and labor contractors. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale was validated for use in our study population. Bivariate analyses were conducted to estimate the association of food insecurity with sociodemographic variables. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive thematic methods.

Results:

Seventy percent of respondents utilized at least one nonmarket source of food at the origin; at the destination, sources of food were limited to the private market. Despite higher food prices at the destination, perceived food affordability was higher during periods of migration, resulting in improved food security. Tubers, rice, and wheat were typically available in the household daily, whereas fruits, eggs, and dairy were typically unavailable during the week.

Conclusions:

Circular migration can enable short-term food security by improving food affordability. Policy frameworks must address the root causes of chronic food insecurity, especially among rural-to-rural circular migrant families.