bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening and Whole-Genome Analysis of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria with Potential Antioxidants from Yak Milk and Dairy Products in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wu Diyan , Li Haichuan , Wang Xuan , Chen Runtong , Gong Di , Long Danfeng , Huang Xiaodan , Tang Zhenchuang , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with strong antioxidant activity and potential probiotic properties from yak milk and dairy products in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Initial screening of the isolates was performed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and a hydrogen peroxide tolerance test. Subsequently, the antioxidant capacity of the isolates was assessed through five distinct assays: 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging ability, superoxide anion radical scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, a DPPH scavenging assay, and a reducing activity assay. The strains with the stronger antioxidant potential were then further evaluated for their probiotic properties. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on Lactobacillus plantarum QL01. Among 1205 isolates, 9 strains exhibited potential antioxidant capabilities. Following probiotic property evaluation, QL01 was identified as a safe candidate due to its strong growth, strong adhesion ability, and resilience to acidic, bile, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Genome analysis revealed that most of QL01’s genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Further examination of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors confirmed its safety, meanwhile genes linked to adhesion and stress responses underscored its probiotic potential. In conclusion, QL01, a strong antioxidant strain, was successfully isolated, and its probiotic potential was confirmed through comprehensive in vitro and genomic analyses.
Root Cause Analysis of a Collapse in a Hydropower Tunnel
Authors: Schlotfeldt Paul , Carvalho Joe , Panton Brad
Published: January 2025

This paper describes the investigation and findings from the root cause analysis (RCA) of a significant collapse that occurred in a hydropower tunnel at a confidential location. This collapse involved about 12,000 m3 of material being deposited in the tunnel from a narrow 20 m width failure zone encountered in the haunch and crown area of the main power tunnel. This paper describes contributing factors which include the following: (1) degradation of a highly zeolitized (laumontite-rich) zone of rock within a bedding concordant fault zone, termed the fault-damaged zone or FDZ; (2) relatively high in situ rock stresses concentrated in the haunch and crown area of the collapse zone in the tunnel; (3) large transient water pressure differences in the rock above the collapse zone and upstream and downstream of the collapse zone; (4) cyclical repetition of the above-described factors resulted in the propagation of crown and sidewall collapse in and around the FDZ. Lessons learnt on this project and other projects with similar durability problems in volcanic rock are distilled in this paper. It is hoped that advances made in the understanding of the failure mechanism at the unnamed tunnel can be included in future tunnel investigations and design in volcanic rocks.
Blockchain Architecture for Lightweight Storage
Authors: Tan Pengliu , Wan Liangzhi , He Peixin , Li Xue
Published: January 2025

Aiming to address the shortcomings of traditional blockchain technologies, characterized by high storage redundancy and low transaction query efficiency, we propose a lightweight sender-based blockchain architecture (LSB). In this architecture, the linkage between blocks is associated with the user initiating the transaction, and the hash of the newly generated block is recorded in the user’s wallet, thereby facilitating transaction retrieval. Each user node must store only the blocks that pertain to it, significantly reducing storage costs. To ensure the normal operation of the system, the Delegated Proof of Stake based on Reputation and PBFT (RP-DPoS) consensus algorithm is employed, establishing a reputation model to select honest and reliable nodes for consensus participation while utilizing the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm to verify blocks. The experimental results demonstrate that LSB reduces storage overhead while enhancing the efficiency of querying and verifying transactions. Moreover, in terms of security, it decreases the likelihood of malicious nodes being designated as agent nodes, thereby increasing the chances of honest nodes being selected for consensus participation.
The Effects of Brace Stiffness on Knee Joints During Pull-Up Jump Shot Movements in Amateur Female Basketball Players
Authors: Zhu Aojie , Gao Shunxiang , Cen Xuanzhen , Li Wenlong , Song Yang , Gao Zixiang , Sun Dong
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: The pull-up jump shot is a commonly used scoring technique in basketball. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effects of knee brace stiffness on knee joint mechanics during the pull-up jump shot in female basketball players and to evaluate the potential risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries associated with different stiffness levels. (2) Methods: Sixty-six female basketball players performed pull-up jump shot drills while kinematic and kinetic data were collected using a Vicon motion capture system and a Kistler ground reaction force (GRF) plate. (3) Results: A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that both low-stiffness and high-stiffness knee braces significantly reduced knee flexion angles (p = 0.001) but increased indirect contact forces in the sagittal plane (p < 0.01). Notable differences were observed between low-stiffness and high-stiffness braces, as well as between braced and unbraced conditions. However, no significant differences were detected between the effects of low-stiffness and high-stiffness braces. (4) Conclusions: Athletes should select knee braces based on the intensity of competition and training, and those with ACL concerns should opt for high-stiffness knee braces for enhanced joint stability.
Latest Developments of Research on the Viable Non-Culturable State of L. monocytogenes and Implications for Food Safety
Authors: Rossi Franca , Poltronieri Palmiro , Pomilio Francesco , Centorotola Gabriella
Published: January 2025

This descriptive review summarizes the most recent findings on the induction and distribution of viable non-culturable (VBNC) Listeria monocytogenes in food production conditions and food. The aim was to obtain information on the factors that favor the transition to the VBNC state in L. monocytogenes; its resuscitation capacity; and, according to scientific articles published since 2020, how food contamination by the bacterium in a VBNC state can be prevented. The methods used for VBNC L. monocytogenes detection were also reviewed. A few studies reported the presence of VBNC L. monocytogenes in food, in which fresh produce and chicken meat were considered. Different physicochemical stresses such as exposure to disinfectants with diverse actions and essential oils, desiccation, low temperatures, absence of nutrients, high NaCl and iron concentrations, and low pH adjusted with acetic acid were reported to induce the VBNC state in L. monocytogenes. The VBNC forms of L. monocytogenes were able to regain growth and virulence. This could pose a safety risk that cannot be revealed by the standard culture-dependent methods recommended for L. monocytogenes detection. Therefore, the presence in food and food production plants of VBNC L. monocytogenes should be prevented by the appropriate use of hurdles and cleaning/disinfection procedures. The opportunity to harmonize VBNC cell detection methods for regular use in food safety evaluation also emerged.
Differences in EEG Functional Connectivity in the Dorsal and Ventral Attentional and Salience Networks Across Multiple Subtypes of Depression
Authors: Evans Ian D. , Sharpley Christopher F. , Bitsika Vicki , Vessey Kirstan A. , Williams Rebecca J. , Jesulola Emmanuel , Agnew Linda L.
Published: January 2025

Depression remains one of the most widespread and costly mental disorders, with the current first-line treatment efficacy of about a third, possibly due to its heterogeneous nature. Consequently, there is a need to identify reliable biomarkers for specific subtypes of depression, particularly neurological signatures that may help with targeted treatments. This study aimed to explore the connectivity between two important networks in the brain: the dorsal and ventral attention networks and the salience network, to determine their potential as biomarkers of depression subtypes. From resting electroencephalogram (EEG) data collected on 54 males and 46 females aged between 18 and 75 yr (M = 33 yr), functional network connectivity data were examined for their relationships with four depression subtypes. Beta and gamma wave connectivity was significantly associated with Anhedonia and Cognitive depression subtypes across and within all three networks while no significant results were found for alpha wave activity connectivity, and only one result was found for either the Mood or Somatic depression subtypes. In conclusion, these results provide further support for the concept of depression as heterogeneous rather than homogeneous and identify the novel neurophysiological signatures of two depression subtypes.
Different Iodine Concentrations Impact Walleye (Sander vitreus) Egg Survival and the Number of Bacteria on the Chorionic Membrane
Authors: McCarty Nicole , Voorhees Jill M. , Barnes Michael E. , Bergmann David
Published: January 2025

Disinfection of fish eggs with iodophor is a common biosecurity procedure. This study evaluated the effects of three concentrations of iodine on walleye (Sander vitreus) egg survival and bacterial loadings. Approximately five hours post fertilization, eggs from ten female walleyes were disinfected in active iodine concentrations of 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L for 10 min. There was a significant decrease in survival in the 200 mg/L treatment group compared to the 0 mg/L (control) and 100 mg/L groups. Near-total mortality occurred in the eggs receiving the 400 mg/L disinfection regime. Bacterial Colony Forming Units (CFU) were significantly reduced with any iodine disinfection compared to the control, but there was no significant difference in CFU among any of the iodine treatment concentrations. There was no relationship between egg survival and either pre- or post-disinfection CFU levels. These results indicate that 10 min treatments of active iodine at a concentration of 100 mg/L can be safely used to reduce bacterial loadings on newly spawned walleye eggs, but complete disinfection will not occur. Higher iodine concentrations, which lead to walleye egg mortality, do not further decrease bacterial numbers.
From Europe to the Alhambra: The Origins of the Conservation and Restoration of Historic Architecture to the Preservation of the Alhambra Palatine City
Authors: Dias Martins Danielle
Published: January 2025

The present article aims to provide a complete overview of the concepts, regulations, and criteria developed in Europe, in addition to an analysis of their consequences in the Alhambra Palatine City from its Christian period (1492) until the arrival of Leopoldo Torres Balbás (1923). Considering that the first step towards a complete understanding and evaluation of a cultural heritage site is the recognition of the general context before its particularities, this study presents a dual focus, systematically following the chronological progression of the events. Through an exhaustive historical analysis based on the most relevant bibliographical and documentary sources in the discipline of Conservation-Restoration of Historic Buildings, this article begins with an overview of the development of conservation and restoration practises in Italy, France, and England, and subsequently analyses the Spanish and Alhambra-specific contexts. In addition to bringing together in a single document the evolution of the criteria applied to the conservation of monuments and buildings, this study has provided an opportunity to reaffirm their perennial importance in the discipline of heritage conservation. Furthermore, it has provided an opportunity to explore how the Palatine City reflects evolving philosophical paradigms, methodological practises, and their application to one of Spain’s most important architectural complexes, further emphasising the Alhambra’s unique position as a case study and a framework for advancing the scientific discourse on heritage preservation.
Thermal Environment and Comfort in Japanese Dwellings During Summer
Authors: Mizutani Nokuto , Rijal Hom Bahadur , Aqilah Naja , Khadka Supriya
Published: January 2025

As people spend the majority of their time indoors, maintaining a comfortable and suitable thermal environment within buildings is essential for improving quality of life. Previous studies in Japan have investigated the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) in indoor environments; however, studies primarily focused on residential buildings are lacking. Therefore, a field survey of 17 Japanese dwellings was carried out during the summer, for which a total of 1166 thermal sensation votes (TSVs) were collected from 23 respondents. The results show that the average indoor air temperature is 26.4 °C, which is 1.6 °C lower than the recommendation for summer temperature by the Japanese government. The variation in globe temperature and WBGT indicates that there are significant differences in cooling usage behavior, with a strong correlation between WBGT and indoor globe temperature. The acceptable indoor globe temperature exhibits a wider range in free-running (FR) mode than in cooling (CL) mode. The mean comfort temperature was 26.9 °C in FR mode, while it was 27.0 °C in CL mode. These findings indicate that the occupants felt comfortable at the high indoor temperature, suggesting there is a possibility to reduce the energy used for cooling.
An Analysis of Regional Ozone Pollution Generation and Intercity Transport Characteristics in the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Cao Yu , Ma Jinghui , Wang Xiaoyi , Bian Juanjuan
Published: January 2025

Understanding the relative contributions of regional transport and local generation, alongside the nonlinear relationships between ozone (O3) and its precursors, is essential for formulating effective O3 pollution control strategies. The Yangtze River Delta region experiences pronounced O3 pollution transmission between cities, with pollutants capable of spreading hundreds of kilometers downwind under varying wind, temperature, and humidity conditions. However, the distributional characteristics of regional O3 pollution transmission across different cities within this area remain unclear. This study applies the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality method to assess the spatial distribution of regional background and locally generated ozone concentrations, while using a composite analysis to examine the wind and temperature field characteristics during typical years of high ozone transport and local generation episodes. The results indicate that ozone concentrations across regions are strongly influenced by local wind anomalies, with elevated temperatures correlating with high O3 concentrations. Furthermore, an algorithm based on observed O3 concentrations and ground-level wind data was developed to quantify pollution transport rates more accurately, addressing uncertainties in pollutant transport dynamics due to variable wind fields and identifying “false” potential source areas. The findings reveal that intercity transport within the Yangtze River Delta contributes 45.2–65.1% to regional O3 levels, exceeding local generation in impact. Shanghai experiences the highest transmission influence (over 50%), while Zhejiang Province shows a dominant local generation influence (below 20%). In Anhui Province, O3 concentrations are notably high, with significant internal transport and substantial transmission to Jiangsu Province. This study offers valuable insights into the pathways, traceability, and three-dimensional wind field characteristics of O3 pollution across cities in the Yangtze River Delta, elucidating the dynamic mechanisms necessary for mitigating O3 pollution transmission in diverse urban settings.
Quantifying the Impact of Surface Ozone on Human Health and Crop Yields in China
Authors: Cui Yi , Wang Jiayan , Wang Jinghan , Kang Mingjie , Zhao Hui
Published: January 2025

In recent years, surface ozone (O3) pollution has emerged as a significant barrier to the continued improvement of air quality in China, making O3 risk assessment a critical research priority. Using nationwide O3 monitoring data, this research investigated the spatial characteristics of O3 pollution and assessed its potential impacts on human health and crop yields. The results showed that the maximum daily 8 h average O3 (MDA8 O3) exhibited higher concentrations in eastern and northern regions, and lower concentrations in the western and southern regions of China. Long-term O3 exposure was associated with an estimated 175,154 all-cause deaths nationwide, with the highest health risks observed in Shandong, Henan, and Jiangsu provinces. The AOT40 values for the winter wheat and single-rice growing seasons in China were 9.30 × 103 ppb·h and 1.29 × 104 ppb·h, respectively. Moreover, O3 exposure led to relative yield losses of 22.1% for winter wheat and 9.3% for single rice, corresponding to crop yield losses (CPLs) of 63 million metric tons and 14 million metric tons, respectively. Higher winter wheat CPL values were primarily concentrated in Henan, Shandong, and Hebei, while higher single rice CPL values were observed in Jiangsu, Hubei, and Anhui. This study presents a novel coupling of O3 pollution exposure with human health and agricultural risk assessments across China, emphasizing the need for region-specific O3 management strategies to protect public health and ensure agricultural sustainability. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of targeted O3 control in densely populated and major crop-producing areas to mitigate health risks and yield losses, thus safeguarding ecosystem health and food security.
A Rapid Computational Method for Quantifying Inter-Regional Air Pollutant Transport Dynamics
Authors: Yang Luoqi , Wang Guangjie , Wang YeGui , Wang Yibai , Ma Yongjing , Zhang Xi
Published: January 2025

A novel atmospheric pollutant transport quantification model (APTQM) has been developed to analyze and quantify cross-regional air pollutant transport pathways and fluxes. The model integrates high-resolution numerical simulations, Geographic Information System (GIS) capabilities, and advanced statistical evaluation metrics with boundary pixel decomposition methods to effectively characterize complex pollutant transport dynamics while ensuring computational efficiency. To evaluate its performance, the model was applied to a representative winter pollution event in Beijing in December 2021, using fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as the target pollutant. The results underscore the model’s capability to accurately capture spatial and temporal variations in pollutant dispersion, effectively identify major transport pathways, and quantify the contributions of inter-regional sources. Cross-validation with established methods reveals strong spatial and temporal correlations, further substantiating its accuracy. APTQM demonstrates unique strengths in resolving dynamic transport processes within the boundary layer, particularly in scenarios involving complex cross-regional pollutant exchanges. However, the model’s reliance on a simplified chemical framework constrains its applicability to pollutants significantly influenced by secondary chemical transformations, such as ozone and nitrate. Consequently, APTQM is currently optimized for the quantification of primary pollutant transport rather than modeling complex atmospheric chemical processes. Overall, this study presents APTQM as a reliable and computationally efficient tool for quantifying inter-regional air pollutant transport, offering critical insights to support regional air quality management and policy development.
Technological Advances for Gait and Balance in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zampogna Alessandro , Patera Martina , Falletti Marco , Pinola Giulia , Asci Francesco , Suppa Antonio
Published: January 2025

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a recognized cause of reversible cognitive and motor decline, with gait and balance impairments often emerging early. Technologies providing gait and balance measures can aid in early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of the disease. This systematic review comprehensively discusses previous studies on the instrumental assessment of gait and balance in NPH. A PubMed search following PRISMA guidelines identified studies published between 2000 and 2024 that used laboratory instruments to assess gait and balance in NPH. Studies underwent quality assessment for internal, statistical, and external validity. Methodological details such as motor tasks, instruments, analytical approaches, and main findings were summarized. Overall, this review includes 41 studies on gait and 17 on balance, most of which used observational, cross-sectional designs. These studies employed various tools, such as pressure-sensitive platforms, optoelectronic motion-capture systems, and wearable inertial sensors. Significant differences in kinematic measures of gait and balance have been found in NPH patients compared to healthy controls and individuals with other neurological conditions. Finally, this review explores potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the kinematic changes in gait and balance in NPH and emphasizes the absence of longitudinal data, which hinders drawing definitive conclusions for prognostic purposes.
The Interplay of Nutrition, the Gut Microbiota and Immunity and Its Contribution to Human Disease
Authors: Dawson Samantha L. , Todd Emma , Ward Alister C.
Published: January 2025

Nutrition, the gut microbiota and immunity are all important factors in the maintenance of health. However, there is a growing realization of the complex interplay between these elements coalescing in a nutrition–gut microbiota–immunity axis. This regulatory axis is critical for health with disruption being implicated in a broad range of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, allergies and mental health disorders. This new perspective continues to underpin a growing number of innovative therapeutic strategies targeting different elements of this axis to treat relevant diseases. This review describes the inter-relationships between nutrition, the gut microbiota and immunity. It then details several human diseases where disruption of the nutrition–gut microbiota–immunity axis has been identified and presents examples of how the various elements may be targeted therapeutically as alternate treatment strategies for these diseases.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Nature Exposure Dose on Adults with Mental Illness
Authors: Bettmann Joanna Ellen , Speelman Elizabeth , Jolley Annelise , Casucci Tallie
Published: January 2025

Time spent in nature leads to significant physical and mental benefits, but research is mixed on how much time in nature is necessary to affect change in adults’ mental health. This meta-analysis aimed to answer the question: what effect does length and interval of nature dosage have on adults with mental illness? The authors defined nature exposure as an experience in nature lasting at least 10 minutes and taking place in an actual natural setting. Because some studies indicated single experiences of exposure to nature (one-time) while others utilized multiple exposures to nature (interval), these studies were separated to determine differences between one-time versus interval exposure to nature. Following Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA reporting guidelines, this review included 78 studies published between 1990 and 2020. The present study found that one-time and interval nature exposure yielded different results for adults with a diagnosed mental illness and adults with symptoms of mental illness. Notably, shorter nature exposure delivered in intervals appeared to show positive significant effects, even more than one-time exposure. This finding has important implications for public health and green space preservation, as being outside for as little as 10 minutes and even in urban nature can improve adults’ mental health.
Evaluating the Impact of Vertical Green Systems on Building Temperature Regulation: Effects of Shading Density and Proximity
Authors: Chen Ting-Yu , Sung Wen-Pei , Lee Che-Lun
Published: January 2025

Urban heat islands and increasing energy consumption in subtropical regions such as Taiwan present substantial challenges, particularly in densely populated areas where traditional green spaces are limited. To address these issues, vertical green systems (VGSs) have emerged as a sustainable solution to improve building energy efficiency and mitigate urban heat. This study investigates the impact of VGSs on building temperature regulation, specifically focusing on the effects of shading density and the distance from the building facade. Two experimental setups were assessed, with VGSs positioned at distances of 50 cm and 100 cm, and shading densities of 70% and 95%. Experiments conducted between May and September 2022, under full sunlight (average temperature of 33 °C), revealed that a VGS with a 95% shading density significantly reduced solar radiation to below 50 W/m2. Additionally, it lowered interior temperatures by 0.5–2.1 °C and decreased surface temperatures by 5–12 °C when positioned 100 cm from the building. The VGS also enhanced temperature stability, maintaining interior temperature fluctuations within 1 °C compared to 4 °C in the control group. These results demonstrate that higher shading densities and increased distances from the building facade optimize temperature control and energy efficiency. The findings offer valuable insights for sustainable urban building design, suggesting that VGSs with greater shading densities and appropriate distances provide significant benefits in reducing solar radiation, surface temperatures, and interior temperature fluctuations.
Dynamic Reaction and Damage Evaluation of Reactive Powder Concrete Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Explosive Load
Authors: Qiu Siyuan , Liu Jianmin , Yu Zhifu , Yan Kai , Hou Xiaomeng
Published: January 2025

China has an existing building area of 80 billion square meters, where reinforced concrete structures have a large quantity and a wide surface area. The risk of structures being subjected to blast loading is relatively high. Reactive powder concrete has the specialties of ultra-high toughness, super strength, and a high strength to ponderance ratio. Reinforced concrete (RC) structures strengthened by RPC are called RPC-RC structures, which can easily elevate the explosive load resistance of building structures while also strengthening the building. It is a significant method used in avoiding the collapse of structures under explosive loads. The dynamic reaction and damage evaluation approaches of RPC-RC columns under explosive load have not been deeply studied. For addressing this issue, numerical simulation of RPC strengthened RC columns under explosive load was carried out by LS-DYNA (R10), and the correctness of the numerical simulation was verified by comparing it with relevant experimental results. In this paper, a finite element model of an RPC-RC column was established, and the main factors affecting the anti-explosion performance of an RPC-RC column were studied. The influence of the RPC reinforcement layer parameters (RPC thickness, RPC strength, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and stirrup ratio) on the dynamic reaction and damage degree of RPC-RC columns was examined. The consequences indicated that the failure mode of the columns after RPC reinforcement can alter from bending shear damage to bending damage. As the thickness and strength of the RPC increases, the longitudinal reinforcement ratio increases, the stirrup ratio increases, and the maximum horizontal deformation of the center point of the RPC reinforced RC columns decreases. For RPC-RC columns with a height of 3–4 m and a width of 300–400 mm under blast loading, columns with an axial compression ratio greater than 0.3 will collapse, while columns with an axial compression ratio less than 0.3 are less likely to collapse. In the light of the calculation outcomes, a formula for reckoning the damage index of RPC-RC columns was proposed, taking into account factors such as proportional distance, axial compression ratio, RPC thickness, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and stirrup ratio.
Investigation of the Hysteresis Performance of Multi-Story Y-Shaped Eccentrically Bare Braced Steel Frame with Block Slit Damper (BSD)
Authors: Zhou Chen , Wen Haibo , Zhao Jing , Jiang Lizhong , Xu Xiaodong , Zheng Hong , Tian Yuxiao , Liang Muhua , Wang Xiyao , Zhang Hai
Published: January 2025

This paper investigated the hysteresis performance of multi-story Y-shaped eccentrically bare braced steel frames with block slit dampers (BSDs). After validating existing models through finite element (FE) analysis, an FE model of Y-shaped eccentrically bare braced steel frames (YEBFs) with BSD (BSD-YEBFs) was established. The influences of different types of BSDs on the hysteresis performance of YEBFs were subsequently analysed, as were the seismic performances of YEBFs with BSD (BSDF) and traditional Y-shaped eccentrically bare braced steel frames (TEBF) under cyclic loading, including the stress failure mode, hysteresis curve, stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation capacity. The results showed that: (1) compared with those of BASE-Y, the ductility coefficients of YEBFs with one level BSD (BSD-1) and two level BSD (BSD-2) increased by 59.57% and 39.47%, respectively, and the lateral bearing capacity decreased by 3.26% and 2.78%, respectively. (2) Compared with those of TEBF, the yield bearing capacity and ultimate bearing capacity of BSDF increased by 3.13% and 11.12%, respectively, and the ductility coefficient increased by 56.7%. Moreover, BSDF possesses higher initial stiffness and more sustained energy dissipation capabilities.
Analysis of Damage to Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Explosive Effects of Different Shapes, Equivalents, and Distances
Authors: Ma Yu , Zheng Rongyue , Wang Wei , Ye Chenzhen , Luo Wenzhe , Shen Sihao
Published: January 2025

Optimizing structural resistance against blast loads critically depends on the effects of different explosive shapes, equivalents, and distances on the damage characteristics of reinforced concrete beams. This study bridges the knowledge gap in understanding how these factors influence damage mechanisms through close-range air blast experiments and LS-DYNA numerical simulations. Key damage characteristics, such as craters, overpressure, impulse, time-history displacement, and residual mid-span displacement of reinforced concrete beams, were thoroughly analyzed. Results show that cuboid-shaped explosives cause the greatest damage, with the most severe effects observed at shorter distances and higher charge weights, including an increase in mid-span displacement of up to 16.3 cm. The study highlights the pivotal role of explosive geometry, charge weight, and standoff distance in shock wave propagation and structural failure and proposes an optimized damage criterion to enhance predictive capabilities for reinforced concrete beams under blast loads.
Flat Tessellations in Search of a Dome Shape
Authors: Koźniewski Edwin
Published: January 2025

Based on the design solutions of the Orthodox Church and while maintaining the conventions of polyhedral surfaces, the author describes and analyzes new 3D geometric solids (structures) modeled on tessellations. The pretext for undertaking the research was the need to find a polyhedron shape that could replace the curvilinear shape of a burning candle flame that had been used for centuries in Orthodox church architecture. The innovative idea of designing polyhedral domes of Orthodox churches led the designer to interesting structures that are not derived from either regular or semiregular polyhedra. These objects, according to the author, constitute a kind of bridge between flat tessellations and three-dimensional semiregular or regular polyhedra. Their analysis unexpectedly leads to the source, which is precisely flat, semiregular tessellations.
Comparison of Patient Acceptance and Caregiver Satisfaction of Glass-Ionomer Cement vs. Silver Fluoride/Potassium Iodide Application to Manage Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation Hypersensitivity Immediately and After 12 Weeks
Authors: Karim Ramiar , Ahmed Walaa , Baider Mohamed , Splieth Christian H. , Schmoeckel Julian
Published: January 2025

Aim: To compare caregiver satisfaction and children’s acceptance of silver fluoride/potassium iodide (AgF + KI) treatment (Riva Star Aqua®, SDI Limited, Victoria, Australia) and glass-ionomer cement (GIC) application (Ionostar Plus + Easy Glaze, VOCO, Germany) in reducing hypersensitivity in permanent molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) with the MIH treatment need index (MIH-TNI) 3 and 4 immediately after its application and after 12 weeks. Materials and Methods: This prospective, comparative, clinical study recruited schoolchildren with at least one hypersensitive MIH molar with a Schiff cold air sensitivity score (SCASS) of 2 and 3. Caregivers in both groups (AgF + KI and GIC + glaze) answered a questionnaire (5-Point Likert Scale) regarding the perception of the treatment immediately (15 min post application) and in the 12 weeks follow-up. Children’s behaviour during both applications was assessed using FBRS (Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale). Results: A total number of 47 children (n = 22 for AgF/KI and n = 25 for GIC) with a mean age of 8.6 ± 1.42 were recruited. A high proportion of the children in both arms (n = 40 out of 44; 90.1%) reported a reduction in hypersensitivity in the last 12 weeks. On average, children (n = 39; FBRS ≥ 3) in both groups showed positive behaviour, with a significantly more definitely positive behaviour in the GIC group (p < 0.05, independent student t-test). Caregiver satisfaction with both study procedures was high after immediate assessment (n = 19 out of 22, 86.4% for AgF/KI and n = 19 out of 25, 76.0% for GIC application) and in 12 weeks of follow-up (n = 17 out of 20, 85.0% for AgF/KI and n = 22 out of 24, 91.6% for GIC application). However, the taste AgF/KI is more frequently considered not acceptable for the child (n = 10; 45%) than smell (n = 2; 9%). Interestingly, there was a statistically significant difference in caregivers’ preference toward alternative desensitisation treatment (tooth restoration coverage, desensitisation paste, stainless steel crown and fluoride varnish) in both treatment groups (p < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test). Conclusions: Both GIC and AgF/KI applications can be considered acceptable approaches to reduce hypersensitivity in permanent molars affected by MIH both immediately and in long-term follow-up for schoolchildren based on caregivers’ assessments.
A Comparison of the Hot Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Model of the GH4079 Alloy
Authors: Ying Weifeng , Hou Jia , Jiang Shengnan , Wang Jianan
Published: January 2025

In this paper, GH4079 alloy was thermally compressed under processing conditions of 1025 °C–1200 °C and 0.001 s−1–1 s−1. This article established the strain compensation Arrhenius constitutive equation, the improved Johnson–Cook constitutive equation, and the strain compensation Arrhenius constitutive model based on phase transition temperature segmentation and calculated the correlation coefficient (R) and local relative error (AARE) to verify the accuracy of the model, respectively. Finally, a certain microstructural analysis was combined. It can be concluded that the rheological stress of alloy GH4079 gradually decreases with the increase in temperature and strain rate. The AARE values of these three models are 21.09%, 20.47%, and 10.62%, respectively. The strain compensation Arrhenius model based on phase transition temperature segments can better describe the thermal deformation behavior of GH4079. By integrating this model, appropriate processing conditions can be selected to regulate the microstructural organization and achieve optimization during the practical application of the alloy.
Impact of Various Land Cover Transformations on Climate Change: Insights from a Spatial Panel Analysis
Authors: Khezri Mohsen
Published: January 2025

This study introduces an innovative empirical methodology by integrating spatial panel models with satellite imagery data from 1970 to 2019. This innovative approach illuminates the effects of greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and various global variables on regional temperature shifts and the environmental repercussions of land-use alterations, establishing a substantial empirical basis for climate change. The results revealed that global variables such as sunspot activity, the length of day (LOD), and the Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) have negligible impacts on global temperature variations. This model uncovers the nuanced effect of deforestation on global temperatures, highlighting a decrease in temperature following deforestation above 40°N latitude, contrary to the warming effect observed in lower latitudes. Exceptionally, deforestation within the 10° N to 10° S tropical bands results in a temperature decrease, challenging the established theories. The results suggest that converting forests to grass/shrublands and croplands plays a significant role in these temperature dynamics.
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors—Diagnostic Pitfalls of Non-Diabetic Severe Hypoglycemia: Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Popa Simona Georgiana , Golli Andreea Loredana , Matei Cristina Florentina , Sonei Alexandra Nicoleta , Vere Cristin , Cimpeanu Radu , Munteanu Marian , Munteanu Alexandru
Published: January 2025

Background: Hypoglycemia in the case of persons without diabetes is a rare event, being usually, initially misinterpreted based on the symptoms that can mimic various diseases, especially of a neuro-psychiatric nature. In the case of the identification of insulin-mediated hypoglycemia, the evaluation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, which represent the most common and worrisome causes of non-diabetic insulin-mediated hypoglycemia, must be considered. Case Report: We present the case of a 57-year-old patient, hospitalized for a history of approximately one month of recurrent episodes of symptoms suggestive for severe hypoglycemia. The biological evaluation performed during an episode of hypoglycemia showed a plasma glucose value of 44 mg/dL, insulinemia 16.3 µU/mL, C peptide 3.72 ng/mL, HbA1c 4.99%, absence of urinary ketone bodies and anti-insulin antibodies <0.03 U/mL. The CT and MRI examination showed a 15.3/15 mm rounded tumor in the pancreatic corporeo-caudal region. The pancreatic tumor formation was enucleated and the histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with a positive reaction for chromogranin A, synaptophysin and insulin, without malignancy features (Ki 67 positive in 1% of the tumor cells). The postoperative evolution was favorable, without episodes of hypoglycemia, the fasting insulinemia one day after surgery being 4.1 µU/mL and HbA1c at three weeks postoperatively being 5.51%. Conclusions: The management of patients with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia secondary to insulinoma involves multidisciplinary collaboration with an important role in recognizing symptoms suggestive of hypoglycemia in a person without diabetes, initiating biological and imaging evaluation, establishing the optimal therapeutic option and histopathological confirmation.
Microarray-Based Avidity Assay for Assessment of Thyroid Autoantibodies
Authors: Savvateeva Elena , Sokolova Vera , Yukina Marina , Nuralieva Nurana , Kulagina Elena , Donnikov Maxim , Kovalenko Lyudmila , Kazakova Maria , Troshina Ekaterina , Gryadunov Dmitry
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the avidity of thyroid autoantibodies (Abs) in sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and thyroid autoantibody carriers without diagnosed AITD. Methods: A hydrogel microarray-based multiplex assay with the chaotrope destruction stage was developed to measure the avidity of thyroid disease-associated autoantibodies, including those targeting thyroperoxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (Tg), and other minor antigens. Results: Evaluation of the assay in three independent cohorts of patients, totaling 266 individuals with and without AITD, demonstrated the heterogeneous avidity of autoantibodies to thyroid proteins. For the confirmation study, the median avidity index (AI) for AbTg was 29.9% in healthy autoantibody carriers, 52.6% for AITD patients, and 92.7% for type 1 diabetes (T1D) thyroid autoantibody carriers. The median AI for AbTPO was 39.9% in healthy carriers, 73.4% in AITD patients, 83.2% in T1D thyroid autoantibody carriers, and 98.5% in AITD patients with thyroid neoplasm. In patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and known disease duration, changes in the avidity maturation of AbTPO over time were demonstrated. Conclusions: Longitudinal studies of TPO- and/or Tg-positive healthy individuals (with an interval of 1–2 years between visits) are needed to evaluate the maturation of autoantibody avidity during the asymptomatic phase and to assess the potential of autoantibody avidity as a prognostic marker for disease development.
A Retrospective Review of 28 Cases of Pediatric Malignant Renal Tumors at a Single Institution
Authors: Kawano Takafumi , Sugita Koshiro , Masuya Ryuta , Nishida Nanako , Nagano Ayaka , Murakami Masakazu , Yano Keisuke , Onishi Shun , Harumatsu Toshio , Nakamura Tatsuro , Yamada Koji , Yamada Waka , Muto Mitsuru , Kodama Yuichi , Nishikawa Takuro , Kaji Tatsuru , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Ieiri Satoshi
Published: January 2025

Advances in treatment have dramatically improved the outcomes of pediatric renal malignancies. We reviewed cases of renal malignant tumors that were managed in our institution. The patients’ background factors, pathological diagnoses, stages, outcomes and late complications were retrospectively reviewed using medical records of 28 patients with renal tumors who were treated at our institution from 1984 to 2022. Wilms’ tumors were recognized in 24 patients (85.7%), all of whom had favorable histology. Wilms’ tumors were Stage I in six patients (6/24; 25.0%), Stage II in nine patients (9/24; 37.5%), Stage III in five patients (5/24; 20.8%), Stage IV in two patients (2/24; 8.3%), and Stage V in two patients (2/24; 8.3%). Two patients (7.1%) with clear cell sarcoma of the kidney both had Stage I disease. One patient had Stage IV rhabdoid sarcoma of the kidney (3.5%), and one had Stage IV renal cell carcinoma (3.5%). The overall 5-year survival rate was 85.2% for all renal malignancies. Late complications included chronic renal failure in four patients (14.2%). The outcomes are comparable to those reported previously. However, the prognosis of MRTK and renal cell carcinoma remained poor in advanced cases; thus, another therapeutic protocol should be established.
Treatments for Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Literature Review
Authors: D’Amario Maurizio , Foffo Giordano , Grilli Filippo , Capogreco Mario , Pizzolante Tommaso , Rastelli Sofia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This literature review aims to provide guidance on the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) based on studies published over the past 10 years. Methods: This study included randomized clinical trials involving human patients from 2013 and 2023, published in any language. The trials examined both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for aphthous lesions, mainly focusing on the adult population, with pain management as the primary outcome. The research was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and CINHAL databases. Results: Most of the 45 analyzed studies focused on non-pharmacological therapies, which led to positive results with minimal adverse effects or contraindications, even when compared to cortisone-based treatments. Laser therapy also showed excellent results, particularly in the immediate post-treatment period. Non-pharmacological therapies appeared to offer the best risk–benefit ratio for patients suffering from RAS. Conclusions: Treatment should be individualized based on the patient’s specific form of RAS, and laser therapy can be used either as a standalone treatment or as an adjunct to other treatments considered in the review.
Mechanical Behaviour of Orthodontic Auxiliary Photopolymerisable Resins in Simulated Oral Conditions: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Favero Riccardo , Zanetti Tommaso , Tosco Vincenzo , Monterubbianesi Riccardo , Volpato Andrea
Published: January 2025

Background: The widespread adoption of clear aligners in orthodontic practice has driven the development of biomechanical devices to improve treatment efficiency. The mechanical properties of these materials play a critical role in determining their clinical performance and efficacy. This study investigates the Young’s modulus of Clear-Blokker® (Scheu Dental), a photopolymerisable resin used for the attachment of clear aligner, and evaluates its mechanical behaviour under different curing times (5 s and 10 s) and environmental conditions (dry storage and immersion in artificial saliva at 37 °C). Methods: Forty-eight cylindrical specimens were prepared and subjected to quasistatic compression tests after 14 days. A multi-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5% was performed to compare the variances. Results: The results showed that samples immersed in artificial saliva had significantly reduced Young’s moduli compared to samples stored in dry conditions (p = 0.0213), while no significant difference was observed between curing times. Conclusions: The results suggest that Clear-Blokker® has mechanical properties comparable to those of clear aligner materials, making it suitable as a biomechanical aid for orthodontic treatment. However, further clinical studies are required to confirm its long-term efficacy in the oral environment.
Community Drones: A Concept Study on Shared Drone Services
Authors: Widhalm Peter , Ritzinger Ulrike , Prüggler Natalie , Prüggler Wolfgang , Strelnikova Dariia , Paulus Gernot , d’Apolito Francesco , Eicken Felix
Published: January 2025

The growing demand for civil drone services across diverse sectors necessitates more efficient and accessible operational models. This paper introduces the Community Drones model, a shared infrastructure framework designed to coordinate regional drone services through automated resource sharing. By consolidating tasks and resources, this approach enhances drone utilization and reduces operational costs and user effort while ensuring high service quality, reliability, and flexibility. At the core of the model is an advanced mission planning system that automates flight scheduling, risk assessment, mission pooling, and resource allocation, taking into account critical factors such as weather conditions, regulatory safety requirements, and task priorities. We propose a system architecture and concept of operations, discuss the regulatory and technological frameworks, and introduce specialized mission planning algorithms tailored to the unique demands of shared drone environments. Simulation-based performance evaluations for a showcase region in Austria demonstrate the technical and economic viability of the proposed model. The results reveal that the Community Drones approach significantly reduces costs, with savings depending on individual and community utilization levels. These findings suggest that drone sharing holds substantial potential for making civil drone services more sustainable and economically attractive.