bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI EFIKASI PARAQUAT DALAM MENEKAN PERTUMBUHAN GULMA PADA TANAMAN KACANG PANJANG (Vigna sinensis L.) SISTEM TOT
Authors: Drian Adiwijaya Hamdan , Lusiana
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui uji efikasi herbisida bahan aktif paraquat dalam menekan pertumbuhan gulma pada tanaman kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata L.) sistem TOT. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Desa  Jatibaru, Kecamatan Ciasem, Kabupaten Subang, dengan ketinggian tempat ±15 mdpl dan suhu rata-rata 280C pada bulan November 2020 sampai dengan Januari 2021. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dalam lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0(kontrol), P1(2 ml/L), P2(3 ml/L), P3(4 ml/L), dan P4(5 ml/L). Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian diantaranya: dominansi gulma, bobot kering gulma, uji fitoksitas, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah polong per tanaman, panjang polong, dan bobot polong.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1)herbisida bahan aktif paraquat efektif menekan pertumbuhan gulma berdaun lebar (Cleome rutidosperma), rumput (Panicum repens, Phyllanthus niruri), dan teki (Cyperus rotundus). (2) paraquat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang panjang. (3) konsentrasi paraquat pada perlakuan P3(4 ml/L) paling efektif menekan pertumbuhan gulma.
KOMBINASI TAKARAN KAPUR DAN PUPUK FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KEDELAI (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERRILL) KULTIVAR ANJASMORO
Authors: Lusiana  , Adiwijaya Hamdan Drian
Published: August 2022

Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Juli 2020 sampai dengan Oktober 2020 di desa Ciruluk, kecamatan Kalijati kabupaten Subang.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi takaran kapur dan pupuk Fosfat serta mengetahui takaran kombinasi pengapuran dan pemupukan fosfat yang menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai kultivar Anjasmoro yang paling baik...Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan eksperimental  metode rancangan acak kelompok sederhana dengan enam perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Perlakuan terdiri dari kombinasi takaran kapur dan pupuk fosfat yaitu (A) = 0 ton/ha kapur + 75 kg/ha fosfat, (B) = 0 ton/ha kapur + 100 kg/ha fosfat, (C) = 0 ton/ha kapur + 125 kg/ha fosfat, (D) = 10,26 ton/ha kapur + 75 kg/ha fosfat, (E) = 10,26 ton/ha kapur + 100 kg/ha fosfat, (F) = 10,26 ton/ha kapur + 125 kg/ha fosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kombinasi takaran kapur dan pupuk  fosfat berpengaruh terhadap, Tinggi tanaman, pada umur 2 MST, 4 MST, 6 MST, Berat Kering brangkasan, Jumlah polong isi dan hampa, Jumlah biji dan Bobot 25 biji, dan Bobot biji pertanaman. Pemberian 125 kg/ha SP-36 tanpa kapur (C) menunjukan penambahan yang tepat untuk meningkat kan tinggi tanaman pada umur 6 MST dan jumlah polong hampa tanaman kedelai kultivar Anjasmoro.  Pemberian 10,26 ton/ha kapur disertai dengan 75kg/ha SP36  (D) menunjukan perlakukan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan bobot kering brangkasan, jumlah polong isi, dan bobot 25 biji tanaman kedelai kultivar Anjasmoro. Pemberian 10,26 ton/ha kapur disertai dengan 100 kg/ha SP36  (E) menunjukan perlakuan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan jumlah biji dan hasil atau bobot biji kedelai kultivar Anjasmoro
ANALISIS EFISIENSI PEMASARAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) DI KELURAHAN MALUMBI KECAMATAN KAMBERA KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR
Authors: Saragih Elsa Christin , Wadu Junaedin , Mbana Febyningsi Rambu Ladu
Published: August 2022

Adanya rantai pemasaran bawang merah yang panjang dan selisih harga ditingkat pelaku pemasaran menyebabkan para petani mendapatkan pendapatan yang tidak sesuai dengan apa yang mereka inginkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola saluran pemasaran, margin pemasaran dan efisiensi pemasaran usahatani bawang merah di Kelurahan Malumbi, Kecamatan Kambera,Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Sampel diambil sebanyak 45 petani dengan teknik simple random sampling. Untuk sampel pada saluran pemasaran dengan menggunakan metode snowball sampling maka teridentifikasi 5 orang pedagang pengumpul dan 6 orang pedagang pengecer yang terlibat dalam saluran pemasaran. Pola saluran pemasaran dibahas secara deskritif sedangkan margin dan efisiensi pemasaran dibahas secara kuanitatif dengan mengolah data dengan rumus perhitungan margin dan efisiensi pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 3 model saluran untuk bawang merah di Kelurahan Malumbi, yaitu Saluran pemasaran I: Petani – Konsumen;  Saluran pemasaran II: Petani – Pedagang Pengecer – Konsumen;  Saluran pemasaran III: Petani – Pedagang Pengumpul – Pedagang Pengecer – Konsumen. Margin saluran pemasaran I tidak ada, margin saluran pemasaran II sebesar Rp. 4.000/kg, saluran pemasaran III untuk total margin pemasaran dari pedagang pengumpul dan pedagang pengecer adalah Rp. 7.000/kg. Saluran pemasaran bawang merah di Kelurahan Malumbi, Kecamatan Kambera, Kabupaten Sumba Timur yang paling efesien yaitu saluran pemasaran III dengan nilai efisiensi sebesar 4,1%.
PENGEMBANGAN METODE ROLEPLAY MELALUI FRAMEWORK MERDEKA BELAJAR SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Zam Zam Jamaludin  , Alfi Fahimiah  , Dea Silviani  , Nisna Nursarofah  , Pidi Mohamad Setiadi
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena siswa kurang memiliki kemandirian dalam belajar akibat pembelajaran daring saat pandemi Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan metode roleplay melalui Framework Merdeka Belajar sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kemandirian siswa dalam belajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan model pengembangan Reeves yaitu: 1) identifikasi dan analisis masalah oleh peneliti dan praktisi secara kolaboratif; 2) mengembangkan solusi yang didasarkan pada patokan teori, design principle, yang ada dan inovasi teknologi; 3) melakukan proses berulang untuk menguji dan memperbaiki solusi secara praktis; 4) refleksi untuk menghasilkan design principle serta meningkatkan implementasi dari solusi secara praktisi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan observasi. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu 2 guru dan 23 siswa kelas III SDN Songgokerto 03, Kota Batu. Simpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa metode roleplay melalui framework Merdeka Belajar yang telah dikembangkan valid, praktis, dan dapat digunakan serta mendapatkan respon positif dari guru yang menyatakan pembelajaran dengan mengembangkan metode roleplay melalui framework Merdeka Belajar dapat dipahami oleh siswa serta diterapkan dalam pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar.
MEMBENTUK LITERASI MEMBACA PADA PESERTA DIDIK DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Madu Fransiska Jaiman , Jediut Mariana
Published: August 2022

Pelaksanaan program GLS di SDK St. Yosefa Labuan Bajo mengalami kendala karena sekolah tidak memiliki persediaan buku yang memadai. Selain itu, tidak semua guru memiliki konsep tepat mengenai literasi membaca. Penelitian ini bertujuan; (1) mendeskripsikan upaya sekolah mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan GLS di tengah minimnya persediaan buku; (2) mendeskripsikan upaya sekolah menjadikan guru sebagai model/figur teladan  literasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskripstif. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Sumber data dalam penelitian yakni kepala sekolah, perwakilan dari guru, dan petugas perpustakaan. Adapun teknik analisis data mengikuti pola yang dipopulerkan Miles dan Hubermen, yang terdiri dari  reduksi data (data reduction), penyajian data (data display) serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi (conclusion drawing/ verification). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa begitu banyak upaya yang telah dilakukan sekolah baik terkait upaya sekolah mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan GLS di tengah minimnya buku nonteks,  maupun upaya sekolah dalam menyadari guru akan pentingnya penerapan GLS.  Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan telah membuahkan hasil positif. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh meningkatnya pengunjung perpustakaan setiap hari, papan mading dan pojok baca selalu ramai dikunjungi siswa, dan guru selalu berkesempatan mengecek dan membimbing anak-anak sesuai jadwal. Upaya yang dilakukan telah membentuk pola kebiasaan pada peserta didik yang terjadi secara konsisten tanpa paksaan guru. Dengan kata lain, kebiasaan membaca telah terbentuk dan pola ini berlangsung sampai sekarang.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA POCA (POETRY CARD) DENGAN TEKNIK AKROSTIK PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hervita Adinda Rizky , Whindi Arini Novanita
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media POCA (Poetry Card) dan mengetahui kelayakan media POCA pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia materi menulis puisi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode pengembangan (R&D) dengan model ADDIE yang terdiri dari empat Langkah, yaitu 1) analysis, 2) design, 3) development, 4) implementation dan 5) evaluations. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN Kampung Melayu 02 Petang. Informasi yang didapat dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan angket kepada ahli media, ahli materi, pakar pendidikan, dan angket dari peserta didik. Hasil yang diperoleh ahli media dikategorikan “sangat layak”, ahli pendidikan “sangat layak”, dan pakar pendidikan “sangat layak”. Hasil angket peserta didik melalui uji coba kecil dan besar dikategorikan “sangat layak”. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa media POCA (Poetry Card) sangat layak digunakan pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.
PERAN DOSEN PPKn DALAM MENANAMKAN CIVIC DISPOSITION BAGI MAHASISWA PGSD DI ERA INDUSTRY 4.0
Authors: Sama'  , Aini Kurratul
Published: August 2022

Era revolusi industri 4.0 ini mengharuskan dunia pendidikan untuk berinovasi sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman yang mengharuskan terciptanya SDM unggul dan berpengetahuan untuk dapat memfilter hal-hal yang negatif yang dapat membunuh karakter kewaganegaraan (Civic Disposition) masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dosen pengampuh mata kuliah PPKn dalam menanamkan civic disposition pada mahasiswa prodi PGSD di era revolusi 4.0. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi, wawancara dan angket. Teknik anaslisis data dalam penelitian ini dimulai dengan pengumpulan data, menyajikan data, dan menarik kesimpulan dari data tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penanaman civic disposition kepada mahasiswa melalui mata kuliah PPKn di STKIP PGRI Sumenep belum maksimal, hal itu dikarenakan dalam proses perkuliahan hanya menerapkan pemahaman secara teori saja, tidak menekankan kepada pembentukan niali-nilai moral dan civic disposition mahasiswa dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Perkembangan teknologi di revolusi industri 4.0 tidak hanya memberikan dampak positif, namun juga dampak negatif, sehingga peran dosen pengampuh mata kuliah PPKn dalam mengembangkan civic disposition pada mahasiswa di era revolusi industry 4.0 ini sangat dibutuhkan dan interest, dan PPKn merupakan sebuah mata kuliah yang berbasis pembentukan moral dan civic disposition mahasiswa.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA VEBO (VERB BOARD) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOSAKATA SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Milennia Rahmadilla Baby , Arini Novanita Whindi
Published: August 2022

Di masa ini pemanfaatan media pembelajaran masih kurang maksimal dimana guru masih ada yang tidak menggunakan media pembelajaran. Guru cenderung hanya menggunakan buku siswa sehingga pembelajaran menjadi kurang maksimal dan membuat siswa merasa bosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media VEBO serta mengetahui kelayakan media VEBO dalam meningkatkan kosakata siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris di SD lintas kelas IV SD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D), menggunakan model ADDIE dengan melakukan 5 langkah yaitu: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Implementation, 5) Evaluate. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Bright Kiddie, Depok. Pengumpulan informasi dilakukan dengan menyebarkan angket kepada ahli media berupa 15 soal, ahli materi berupa 10 soal, dan ahli Pendidikan berupa 10 soal. Hasil validasi yang dilakukan oleh ahli media dikategorikan “sangat layak”, validasi ahli materi dikategorikan “sangat layak”, validasi ahli pendidikan dikategorikan “sangat layak”. Setelah melakukan validasi kepada para ahli, dilakukan uji coba kelompok kecil dan uji kelompok besar dan dikategorikan “sangat layak”. Berdasarkan perolehan dapat disimpulkan bahwa media VEBO sangat layak untuk meningkatkan kosakata siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris kelas IV SD.
EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS VIDEO ANIMASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Afrilia Lizra , Neviyarni  , Arief Darnies , Amini Risda
Published: August 2022

Video animasi ialah suatu instrumen pembelajaran yang memadukan berbagai unsur suara dengan gambar yang didalamnya memuat materi yang akan disampaikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas penggunaan instrumen pembelajaran berbasis video animasi dalam peningkatan motivasi belajar, dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peningkatan motivasi belajar peserta didik kelas IV SD saat menggunakan media pelajaran berbasis video animasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen untuk penelitian kuantitatif karena data yang diperoleh berhubungan dengan angka-angka yang dapat dihitung secara sistematis. Populasi ipenelitian ini adalah siswa kelasiIV SDN Lhok Pawoh, sedangkan dalam penelitian yang dijadikan sebagai sampel ialah siswa kelas IV SDN Lhok Pawoh berjumlah 40 siswa. Banyaknya siswa kelas IV.1 SDN Lhok Pawoh sebanyak 20 orang dan kelas IV. sebanyak 20 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa T-tes menggambarkan bahwa nilai yang didapatkan ialah 0,45 yang berada dalam taraf signifikan dengan T-tebel 0,25. Hasilnya menggambarkan t-test > t-tebel, hingga Ho ditolak serta bisa ditarik kesimpulan bahwasanya ditemukan peningkatan motivasi belajar pada siswa SD dengan menerapkan media pembelajaran berbasis video animasi (Ha diterima). Sehingga dapat membuktikan bahwa dengan penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Video Animasi mampu meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa.
ANALISIS PEMANFAATAN PLATFORM ZOOM DENGAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI DIGITAL PADA SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Lulu Fathiyah  , Yarti Ika
Published: August 2022

Dampak Covid 19 salah satunya ialah penerapan kegiatan belajar mengajar yang dilakukan di rumah. Penggunaan media digital/platform menjadi peranan penting, sayangnya tidak semua informasi yang ada di media digital dan internet bersifat baik. Hal ini menunjukkan pentingnya kemampuan literasi digital pada peserta didik untuk memfilter informasi yang tidak sesuai dengan nilai dan norma masyarakat indonesia.Berdasarkan survey yang dilakukan populix tahun 2020 Zoom menjadi platform yang paling banyak digunakan masyarakat indonesia dengan total 88.3%. Dimana pelajar memegang posisi pertama dalam penggunaannya, yakni sebesar 93.8%. ). Maka dari itu, Zoom dapat menjadi platform yang berpengaruh dengan  kompetensi literasi digital pada peserta didik yang terdiri dari ketrampilan digital, budaya digital, etika digital dan keamanan digital. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN Pondok Labu 07, dengan populasi penelitian kelas VA, subjek penelitian sebanyak 6 peserta didik. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan wawancara. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui apakah penggunaan platform Zoom dalam proses pembelajaran memiliki keterkaitan terhadap literasi digital peserta didik yang terdiri dari ketrampilan digital, budaya digital, etika digital dan keamanan digital.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan platform Zoom saat PJJ atau BDR memiliki keterkaitan dengan literasi digital yang terdiri dari ketrampilan digital, budaya digital, etika digital dan keamanan digital.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB KESULITAN SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK DI KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Azzahra Mutia , Nurrohmatul Amaliyah
Published: August 2022

Pembelajaran tematik menekankan siswa untuk berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, sehingga siswa dapat diharapkan memperoleh pengalaman secara langsung sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesulitan dalam pembelajaran tematik dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan pada siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini, yaitu guru kelas IV, 9 siswa kelas IV, dan orang tua siswa kelas IV SDN Srengseng Sawah 11 Jakarta Selatan. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Milles and Huberman dengan cara reduksi, penyajian, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kesulitan-kesulitan yang dialami siswa kelas IV dalam pembelajaran tematik, yaitu (1) siswa pasif ketika menjawab pertanyaan guru, (2) siswa aktif ketika bercanda dengan teman, (3) materi terlalu banyak, (4) siswa perlu menalar untuk memahami materi, (5) siswa merasa bingung, dan (6) siswa merasa bosan. Selain itu, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan siswa kesulitan dalam pembelajaran tematik, yaitu (1) sikap siswa, (2) pemahaman siswa, (3) minat siswa, (4) kemampuan intelektual siswa, (5) perhatian orang tua.
China’s Asymmetric Warfare in Indonesia: The Case of Turnkey Project Management
Authors: Fitria Fitria
Published: August 2022

This article aims to shed light on China’s asymmetric warfare in Indonesia through the Turnkey Project Management (TPM) scheme. TPM is an employment contract to carry out Chinese investment with a one-package system starting from funding with the preferential buyer’s credit system, materials and machines, experts, and workers, are emanated from China. This study employed qualitative research and used a research library to collect data. It found that TPM is an integral part of China’s foreign policy to pursue its national interests. China also relies more on its state-owned enterprises and private companies (non-state actors), thereby minimizing the state’s role. Indonesia suffered from losses more than it gains from the win, implying this scenario is more of a zero-sum game. The foreign workers from China have also caused social problems in Indonesia, such as cybercrime and the smuggling of methamphetamine. The results of this study include recommendations for enabling Indonesian workers to adapt to foreign technology regarding a transfer of knowledge; strengthening regulations that meet environmental standards, human rights, and good corporate governance in terms of foreign investment; and not to make the regulation easier for allowing Chinese workers.

KEYWORDS

Asymmetric Warfare; China; Indonesia; Turnkey
Dampak Perubahan Iklim di Pasifik Selatan: Ancaman Naiknya Permukaan Air Laut Terhadap Eksistensi Negara dan Penduduk Kiribati
Authors: Sinaga Melpayanty , Yusril Yusril
Published: August 2022

Climate change is a complex and globalizing environmental issue that occurs almost all over the world, including the South Pacific islands. This article aims to examine the impacts of climate change on the Pacific community, marked by a sea-level rise that threatens the existence of the country and its population – particularly the Republic of Kiribati. This study also investigates the role of the Kiribati government in planning future strategies in response to the threat of rising sea levels. By using descriptive qualitative analysis, it found that Kiribati became one of the countries in the South Pacific whose existence and inhabitants would be threatened by the sea level rise in the near future. The impacts felt by the people of Kiribati thus far included storm surges, typhoons, floods, sea-level rise, seawater intrusion, and drought. However, the sea-level rise became the most experienced phenomenon by households in Kiribati. The Kiribati government has developed three strategies: adaptation, mitigation, and relocation. Adaptation and mitigation are identified as priorities while considering relocation as the last option.KEYWORDSClimate Change; Kiribati; Pacific; Sea Level Rise
Pengaruh Presiden Joko Widodo pada Penguatan Peran Diplomasi Ekonomi di Indonesia
Authors: Pattinussa Jhon Maxwell Yosua
Published: August 2022

The interactions between countries today are almost based on the interests of capital accumulation, particularly with the increase in new regionalism worldwide as if forcing the world’s nations to join or be left behind. Indonesia also encounters such circumstances and should respond to new challenges in global politics by taking a free and active stance using economic diplomacy as one of its main instruments. This article, using individual-level analysis, attempts to explain how President Joko Widodo strongly influences the increasing role of economic diplomacy. It also provides an overview of the relationship between political personality and the perception of President Widodo with economic diplomacy by adopting the rational actor model-foreign policy decision-making process. This article identified four critical things in strengthening the role of economic diplomacy for Indonesia: 1) changing interests in the reality of modern state interactions; 2) the possibility of taking policy alternatives; 3) individual analysis (leader) in seeing the risks and opportunities; 4) decision-making by the President.  KEYWORDSDiplomacy; Indonesia; International Politics; Joko Widodo
Assessing efforts of the Government of India and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in Tackling Bride Trafficking
Authors: Deda Violinda , Buiney Mariana E. , Suryanti Made Selly D.
Published: August 2022

Bride trafficking is a form of human trafficking that severely affects women and girls. Although some literature has described the causes and impacts, there have been relatively few studies to shed light on the efforts to overcome the problem. By using a theoretical framework, this study limits the research scope and defines the specific viewpoint to analyse the topic. This article aims to examine the efforts of the government of India and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in combating bride trafficking. It pinpoints the causes of bride trafficking in India, such as economic demands, the poverty level, high demand for dowry, the practice of foeticide, and social marginalization leading victims to re-trafficking, as well as the impacts: physical and mental health problems, social exclusion, infectious diseases, and the damage to India’s reputation. This article found that the government of India and UNODC has been relatively effective in handling bride trafficking. The number of trafficked women (victims) cases in India declined significantly between 2016 and 2020. The UNODC also plays a pivotal role in strengthening the law enforcement capacity of the government of India. KEYWORDSBride Trafficking; Government of India; UNODC
Restrictions on Freedom of Expression Under Chinese President Xi Jinping in the Globalization Era
Authors: Rusnandi Rusnandi
Published: August 2022

Much literature has highlighted the current Chinese government’s restriction on freedom of expression on the internet and religious freedom. However, very little research has examined the nexus between freedom of expression in China and globalization. This article aims to offer a view on President Xi Jinping’s increasing autocracy over the freedom of expression and its implications on China’s performance in this globalizing world. A qualitative approach was utilized in this study and data were collected via library research. It was found that China’s increasing autocracy under Xi Jinping, as shown in its tightening controls on online freedom of expression and rules on religious freedom, has created a setback for China’s participation in globalization. This argument lies in two basic assumptions. Firstly, the spirit of globalization enables people to interact around the globe more freely in any way, while China’s government restricts such interaction. Secondly, as a significant global player, China shows little respect for the freedom of religion. Accordingly, it violates the globalization of religious liberty, which is considered a universal human right in the 21st century. KEYWORDSChina; freedom of expression; globalization; religious freedom
The reliability of lower limb 3D gait analysis variables during a change of direction to 90- and 135-degree manoeuvres in recreational soccer players
Authors: Alhammad Ayman , Herrington Lee , Jones Paul , Althomali Omar W. , Jones Richard
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Several biomechanical outcomes are being used to monitor the risk of injuries; therefore, their reliability and measurement errors need to be known. OBJECTIVE: To measure the reliability and measurement error in lower limb 3D gait analysis outcomes during a 90∘ and 135∘ change of direction (COD) manoeuvre. METHODS: A test re-test reliability study for ten healthy recreational players was conducted at seven-day intervals. Kinematics (Hip flexion, adduction, internal rotation angles and knee flexion abduction angles) and kinetics (Knee abduction moment and vertical ground reaction force) data during cutting 90∘ and 135∘ were collected using 3D gait analysis and force platform. Five trials for each task and leg were collected. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated from the randomised leg. RESULT: The ICC values of the kinematics, kinetics, and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) outcomes (90∘ and 135∘) ranged from 0.85 to 0.95, showing good to excellent reliability. The SEM for joint angles was less than 1.69∘. The VGRV showed a higher ICC value than the other outcomes. CONCLUSION: The current study results support the use of kinematics, kinetics, and VGRF outcomes for the assessment of knee ACL risk in clinic or research. However, the hip internal rotation angle should be treated with caution since the standard measurement error exceeded 10% compared to the mean value. The measurement errors provided in the current study are valuable for future studies.
The effects of surface inclination on gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior muscle activation during gait
Authors: Malik Reem Javed , Waris Asim , Gilani Syed Omer , Iqbal Javaid , Kashif Amer Sohail , Kamboh Hamid M. , Ghafoor Muhammad Fazeel
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Inclined walking is associated with multiple musculoskeletal benefits and is considered a therapeutic exercise. Various patterns of increased and decreased muscle activation with inclined surfaces have been observed in normal muscles, with more focus on the proximal lower limb musculature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the differences in electromyographic activation of gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior at various inclined surfaces during gait. METHODS: Fourteen healthy male participants aged between 17–30 years walked at a self-selected speed at motor driven treadmill on 0, 2 and 4 degrees of inclination. EMG activity of the muscles was recorded using the Delsys Trigno surface EMG system. RESULTS: Results showed that muscular activation of tibialis anterior significantly decreased with increase in the level of inclination (p< 0.05). However, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis and gastrocnemius lateralis showed no significant differences (p> 0.05) in their muscular activation, and no noticeable trends were found. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between all the muscles at ground level and inclined level 2 and 4. CONCLUSION: These differences in activation patterns found in distal extremity can be useful for designing rehabilitation protocols in sports training and for patients with neurological and musculoskeletal pathologies.
The accuracy of computerized biophotogrammetry in diagnosing changes in the cervical spine and its reliability for the cervical lordosis angle
Authors: de Albuquerque Priscila Maria Nascimento Martins , de Oliveira Daniella Araújo , do Nascimento Alves Laura Izabel , da Silva Alves Gomes Vanessa Maria , Bezerra Laylla Marjorye Rebouças , de Souza Melo Thania Maion , de Alencar Geisa Guimarães , da Silva Tenório Angélica , de Siqueira Gisela Rocha
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Accuracy studies of biophotogrammetry protocols require standardization similar to radiography. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of a biophotogrammetric assessment protocol for cervical hyperlordosis, compared to radiography, and its intra- and inter-examiner reliability for measuring the cervical lordosis angle. METHODS: A study of diagnostic accuracy in women complaining of cervical pain. Two photos were taken using the CorelDraw biophotogrammetric protocol and one radiograph using the Cobb C1-C7 method. The Intra- and Inter-examiner reliability was calculated using the Kappa index and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Bland-Altman plot and the ROC curve were presented. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 19 women. The accuracy of biophotogrammetry was 94.73% and the reliability between biophotogrammetry and radiography presented an ICC of 0.84 and a Kappa of 0.87. The excellent intra (ICC = 0.94) and inter-examiner (ICC = 0.86) reliability of the biophotogrammetry was confirmed. The area under the ROC curve was 93.5%. The Bland-Altman plot indicated differences between the two instruments close to the mean (1.5∘). CONCLUSION: The biophotogrammetric protocol proved to be accurate in diagnosing cervical hyperlordosis, with excellent reliability between the biophotogrammetric and radiographic assessments. It also demonstrated excellent intra- and inter-examiner reliability in measuring the cervical lordosis angle.
Comparison of the effectiveness of high-intensity laser and ultrasound therapies in adhesive capsulitis: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Uysal Bilal , Özkuk Kağan , Şahin Nilay , Ökmen Burcu M. , Sezer Refia , Ateş Zeynep
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a common musculoskeletal disease characterized with shoulder pain, limitation of range of motion (ROM) and disability. Although physical therapy is used in the treatment of AC, studies on its effectiveness are continuing. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound (US) and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) in the treatment of AC. METHODS: Sixty patients were randomized into two groups. Group I received US (15 sessions) and Group II received HILT (9 sessions) for 3 weeks. In addition, all patients received physical therapy program (hot pack, TENS and exercises). Assessments were made using VAS-pain, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), range of motion (ROM) at baseline and in post-treatment 3rd, 8th and 24th weeks. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of all pre-treatment values. In intragroup assessment, statistically significant difference was identified in all the values of Groups 1 and 2 in all assessment periods compared with the pre-treatment values (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in all assessment periods. CONCLUSION: According to results, US therapy and HILT were effective on the improvement of pain, ROM and functional conditions of patients in the treatment of AC.
Sex, Neuropsychiatric Profiles, and Caregiver Burden in Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Rosende-Roca Maitée , Cañabate Pilar , Moreno Mariola , Preckler Silvia , Seguer Susana , Esteban Ester , Tartari Juan Pablo , Vargas Liliana , Narvaiza Leire , Pytel Vanesa , Bojaryn Urszula , Alarcon Emilio , González-Pérez Antonio , Gurruchaga Miren Jone , Tárraga Lluís , Ruiz Agustín , Marquié Marta , Boada Mercè , Valero Sergi
Published: August 2022

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be disruptive for patients and their families. Objective: We aimed to classify patients based on NPS and to explore the relationship of these classes with sex and with caregiver burden. Methods: The study cohort comprised individuals with AD dementia diagnosed at Ace Alzheimer Center in Barcelona, Spain, between 2011–2020. NPS were ascertained by using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire. Latent class analysis was used to identify clusters of individuals sharing a similar NPS profile. We evaluated the caregiver burden using the Zarit Burden Interview. Multivariable regression models were used to obtain adjusted estimates of the association between sex, NPS classes, and caregiver burden. Results: A total of 1,065 patients with AD dementia and their primary caregivers were included. We classified patients into five different classes according to their NPS profile: “Affective”, “High-behavioral-disturbance”, “Negative-affect”, “Affective/deliriant”, and “Apathy”. We found that age, sex, and type of AD diagnosis differed greatly across classes. We found that patients from the “High-behavioral-disturbance” (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.00–6.56), “Negative-affect” (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.26–3.64), and “Affective/deliriant” (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.26–3.64) classes were over two times more likely to have a female caregiver than those in “Apathy” class. These three classes were also the ones associated to the greatest caregiver burden in the adjusted analyses, which seems to explain the increased burden observed among female caregivers. Conclusion: Caregiver burden is highly dependent on the patient’s NPS profiles. Female caregivers provide care to patients that pose a greater burden, which makes them more susceptible to become overwhelmed.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Swedish Version of the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS-S) for Multicultural Cognitive Screening in Swedish Memory Clinics
Authors: Torkpoor Rozita , Frolich Kristin , Nielsen T. Rune , Londos Elisabet
Published: August 2022

Background: The number of people with a migration background and dementia is increasing in Europe. All patients with suspected dementia have the right to an appropriate cognitive assessment and correct diagnosis for optimal treatment and support. Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) cognitive screening instrument is less affected by language, culture, and educational background, and adapted for use in multicultural populations. Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of RUDAS-S to the Swedish version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-SR) for detecting dementia in a multicultural group of outpatients in Swedish memory clinics. Methods: We tested 123 outpatients (36 nonnative Swedish), in 4 memory clinics in Southern Sweden with RUDAS-S to supplement the usual cognitive assessment. Results: RUDAS-S had moderate to good diagnostic performance for detecting dementia in a multicultural population in Sweden, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.81. At a cutoff score <25 its sensitivity was 0.92, specificity 0.60, and accuracy 76%. The AUC for the MMSE-SR was 0.79. At a cutoff score <23 its sensitivity was 0.65, specificity 0.81, and accuracy 73%. Conclusion: RUDAS-S is at least as accurate as MMSE-SR for detecting dementia in memory clinics in Sweden and can be used for all patients undergoing a cognitive assessment, irrespective of their cultural, language, and educational background. However, there is a need for other cross-cultural cognitive tests to complement RUDAS-S to extend cognitive examination.
A hybrid technique for transformer-less grid-tie Hybrid Renewable Energy Source with reduction of common mode leakage current
Authors: Janardhan G. , Surendra Babu N. N. V. , Srinivas G. N.
Published: August 2022

A hybrid method for transformer-less grid-tie hybrid Renewable Energy Source (HRES), such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy system (WES) with minimization of common mode leakage current is proposed in this manuscript. The proposed system is the combined execution of Vascular Invasive Tumor Growth (VSTG) Optimization Algorithm and extreme gradient boosting (XGBOOST) named VSTG-XGBOOST control topology. The main intention of transformerless grid-connected HRES system is “to lessen the leakage current, maximum power point (MPP) extraction and maximal power point tracking (MPPT), the active and reactive power controller, and having the unity power factor. To attain the above-mentioned aims, the following actions have been performed in this proposed work. Two turn-off snapper circuits are inserted parallel to the switches to share the input DC voltage among snubber capacitors. By then, VSTG is used to estimate the optimal gain parameters under various source currents as normal value is used to generate the optimal control signal database offline. Based on the attained dataset, the XGBOOST forecasts the optimal control signals of the grid-connected HRES inverter in the online way. This control technique allows two sources to supply the load separately depending on the availability of the energy sources and keeps common DC voltage constant.
A new interactive fuzzy programming with priority control for multi-objective decision-making problems
Authors: Jarernsuk Saran , Phruksaphanrat Busaba
Published: August 2022

Fuzzy multiple objective linear programming (FMOLP) approaches have been used to be solved many applications of multi-objective decision-making (MODM) problems. Several methods have been proposed including max-min approaches, preemptive approaches, and weighted approaches. However, they have some limitations in use; some may not be able to obtain efficient solutions or can give only a few solutions. Some methods need to be solved in two steps or specify the target level, which may be difficult for decision-makers (DMs). In this research, a new single-phase interactive fuzzy programming approach with priority control that can find several efficient solutions is proposed. It is not necessary to specify the target value for each objective and it can solve with only one step for each solution. The DM can easily select the appropriate solutions from a set of efficient solutions. This method is different from existing single-phase approaches by controlling the satisfaction level of the last priority instead of using weight additive. Simple examples and a practical example of a perishable product supply chain network were tested to show the effectiveness of the proposed model. The performance of the proposed method was also compared with existing methods to verify and validate the model.
Cumulative prospect theory integrated CRITIC and TOPSIS methods for intuitionistic fuzzy multiple attribute group decision making
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Wei Guiwu , Lin Rui , Chen Xudong
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this paper is to provide an efficient multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) method to better serve the decision-makers(DMs), considering the real psychological state and preferences of the DMs when facing different risks. In real life, MAGDM is a very complex and uncertain problem, which needs to be considered from many aspects. In view of this, the intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS method on the basis of cumulative prospect theory (IF-CPT-TOPSIS) is proposed in this paper, which can effectively solve the above problems, cater to the expectations of DMs, and make the decision results more objective and more reliable. The originality of this paper comes from three aspects. First, the new score function is combined with CRITIC method to calculate the weight of attributes, which eliminates the influence of Subjective preference of DMs and makes the primary information more reasonable. Furthermore, the use of the new score function can effectively avoid the exception conditions in the IFS problems. Secondly, applying the distance measurement formula of IFSs to determine the degree of approaching the ideal solution, so that the decision model can reflect the environmental changes more quickly. Thirdly, calculate the relative profit loss ratio of each scheme. Hence, each scheme is ranked and the optimal one is selected. Finally, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, a specific example is given and comparative analysis with the existing methods. The results show that the improved IF-CPT-TOPSIS method is useful and can be widely adapted for complex MAGDM problems.
Longitudinal trends in human accuracy: A five-decade analysis (1969–2019) of free-throw shooting in the NBA
Authors: Morgulev Elia , Kenett Ron S. , Arnon Michal , Lidor Ronnie , Ben-Sira David , Tchinio Izy
Published: August 2022

Describing, understanding, predicting, and controlling the improvement of athletic performance are pivotal aspects of sport sciences. Longitudinal trends of the achievements of elite performers, mainly in endurance (e.g., cycling, running, skiing, and swimming) and explosive-power (e.g., jumping, throwing, and weightlifting) sports, were examined in a series of studies. One of the observations in these studies was the significant improvement in performance in the above-mentioned sports over the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. In addition, several factors that can account for the observed improvements were outlined and discussed in the previous literature. The current study contributes to this line of research by examining the rate of improvement in free-throw (FT) shooting of National Basketball Association (NBA) players over a five-decade period –1969–2019. As opposed to many power and endurance sporting events, FT shooting is a fine-motor task performed in a stable and predicted environment. Based on an analysis of more than 2.6 million FT shots, we found that from 1969 to 2019 the FT shooting accuracy fluctuated at around 75%, but did not show any steady trend of improvement. We discuss this finding from a skill-acquisition perspective.
Impulsivity and reduced quality of life in persons with paraplegia
Authors: Bjork James M. , Perrin Paul B. , Plonski Paul E. , Vassileva Jasmin , Goetz Lance L.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Low Quality of Life (QoL) in persons with paraplegia may stem from impulsive behaviors. Impulsivity in persons with paraplegia and persistently low QoL has seldom been probed but could be targeted with cognitive behavioral therapies. OBJECTIVE: Determine how task-assessed and self-report impulsivity relate to quality of life (QoL) in adults with paraplegia. METHODS: In a preliminary study, 33 adults with paraplegia after traumatic SCI were administered verbal interviews on QoL from the PROMIS item bank at baseline and at six-month follow-up, along with several computerized metrics of impulsivity at baseline. RESULTS: A cluster of (n = 10) participants characterized by high levels of negative affect and low levels of resilience and life satisfaction across both baseline and follow-up showed significantly greater negative urgency impulsivity (p = 0.007) as well as significantly lower mindfulness and self-care in some domains (all p < 0.05), compared to the cluster of participants (n = 23) who showed higher life satisfaction and resilience. Behavioral metrics of delay discounting and rapid-response (motoric) impulsivity did not significantly differ (all p > 0.05) between the two clusters of participants. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that novel interventions that reduce trait impulsivity in other disorders could be applied to potentially reduce risk for reduced self-care and QoL in individuals with paraplegia.
Effects of robotic-assisted gait training on motor function and walking ability in children with thoracolumbar incomplete spinal cord injury
Authors: Ma Ting-Ting , Zhang Qi , Zhou Tian-Tian , Zhang Yan-Qing , He Yan , Li Si-Jia , Liu Qian-Jin
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in neurological dysfunction of the spinal cord below the injury. OBJECTIVE: To explore the immediate and long-term effects of robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) on the recovery of motor function and walking ability in children with thoracolumbar incomplete SCI. METHODS: Twenty-one children with thoracolumbar incomplete SCI were randomly divided into the experimental (n = 11) and control groups (n = 10). The control group received 60 min of conventional physical therapy, and the experimental group received 30 min of RAGT based on 30 minutes of conventional physical therapy. Changes in walking speed and distance, physiological cost index (PCI), lower extremity motor score (LEMS), SCI walking index and centre-of-pressure (COP) envelope area score were observed in both groups of children before and after eight weeks of training. The primary outcome measures were the 10-metre walk test (10MWT) and six-minute walk distance (6MWD) at preferred and maximal speeds. In addition, several other measures were assessed, such as postural control and balance, lower limb strength and energy expenditure. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the self-selected walk speed (SWS), maximum walking speed (MWS), 6MWD, PCI, LEMS, COP, and Walking Index for Spinal Cord injury II (WISCI II) of experimental group were improved after treatment. The 6MWD, PCI, COP, and WISCI II after eight weeks of treatment were improved in experimental group. All indicators were not identical at three different time points when compared between two groups. Pairwise comparisons in experimental group suggested that the SWS, MWS, 6MWD, PCI, LEMS, COP, and WISCI II after treatment were higher than those before treatment. The 6MWD, LEMS, COP, and WISCI II after treatment were higher than at the one-month follow-up appointment. The SWS, PCI, LEMS, COP, and WISCI II at the eight-week follow-up appointment were improved. CONCLUSION: Robotic-assisted gait training may significantly improve the immediate motor function and walking ability of children with thoracolumbar incomplete SCI.
Study on the imbalance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in severe chronic periodontitis
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Guan Ning , Zhang Xiumei , Liu Yizhen , Gao Xiuqiu , Wang Linyuan
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets in different microenvironments: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). The imbalance of M1-M2 macrophage polarization is often related to various diseases or inflammatory states. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an imbalance in the expression of M1 and M2 macrophage-related cytokines in severe chronic periodontitis. METHODS: A total of 30 clinical specimens, including severe chronic periodontitis tissues (n= 15) and healthy control tissues (n= 15), were used in this study. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot methods were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of M1 macrophage-related cytokines (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)) and M2 macrophage-related cytokines (arginase-1 (Arg-1) and STAT6), respectively. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of M1 macrophage-related cytokines (iNOS and STAT1) and M2 macrophage-related cytokines (Arg-1 and STAT6) were significantly increased in severe chronic periodontitis patients. In addition, the ratios of iNOS/Arg-1 and STAT1/STAT6 in the severe chronic periodontitis group were also significantly increased (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: The imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages exists in the pathogenesis of severe chronic periodontitis, and has a tendency towards M1 polarization. Therefore, maintaining the immune balance of M1/M2 macrophages may be a novel therapeutic alternative for the management of severe chronic periodontitis.
Joint torques estimation in human gait based on Gaussian process
Authors: Yang Jiantao , Wang Zekai , Sun Tairen
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Human gait involves activities in nervous and musculoskeletal dynamics to modulate joint torques with time continuously for adapting to varieties of walking conditions. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this paper is to estimate the joint torques of lower limbs in human gait based on Gaussian process. METHOD: The potential uses of this study include optimization of exoskeleton assistance, control of the active prostheses, and modulating the joint torque for human-like robots. To achieve this, Gaussian process (GP) based data fusion algorithm is established with joint angles as the inputs. RESULTS: The statistic nature of the proposed model can explore the correlations between joint angles and joint torques, and enable accurate joint-torque estimations. Experiments were conducted for 5 subjects at three walking speed (0.8 m/s, 1.2 m/s, 1.6 m/s). CONCLUSION: The results show that it is possible to estimate the joint torques at different scenarios.