bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Навчання математики з використанням цифрових навчальних платформ: аналіз вітчизняного досвіду
Authors: Риндюк Валентин
Published: December 2024

In order to overcome the current challenges facing the mathematical and methodical educational community, there is a need to study and analyze the existing domestic experience in using digital educational platforms in the education of mathematics students. This article examines certain aspects of the Ukrainian experience of using educational platforms in education and analyzes the results of research on the impact of digital educational platforms on the quality of mathematics education at school. By applying digital learning platforms in the learning process, the mathematics teacher acquires a new role and meaning: he becomes the coordinator of the effective continuous and comprehensive development of the student. The student, using digital resources during lessons, as well as during homework, engages in active and dynamic mental activity. We believe that the educational process needs and undergoes such changes due to the use of digital educational platforms. According to the teachers of Vinnytsia, the use of digital resources in the process of teaching mathematics is necessary and useful, first of all, in order to present abstract mathematical concepts more clearly for students. Accompanying educational texts with new information technologies within a certain digital platform contributes to the student's interest in learning mathematics, and also helps to activate the educational and cognitive, project and research activities of students and strengthen their independence in mastering mathematical and digital competencies. The article clarifies the level of readiness of mathematics teachers in a particular region to actively use digital platforms in educational and methodological activities.
Вплив цифровізації середовища, яке оточує учня на його компетентнісний рівень з математики
Authors: Білик Михайло , Калашніков Ігор
Published: December 2024

The publication is dedicated to finding an answer to the question: how does the digitization of the environment that surrounds the student affect his academic success, in particular, when studying mathematics? It is logical to assume that a long time spent at a computer or similar devices for the purpose of: educational activities, communication in social networks, watching movies, games – can affect the student's cognitive functions and his ability to learn. It is clear that it is important to consider this dependence in the context of other factors, such as the quality of education, family support and individual characteristics of the student. It is also important to take into account the quality of the use of gadgets, meaning whether it is active learning or just leisure. Therefore, we conducted a study aimed at studying the impact of the use of gadgets on the level of education of students, in particular, in mathematics.
The purpose of the publication is to establish the relationship between the quantity and quality of time spent on activities with gadgets, and other factors and educational achievements of students in the field of mathematics. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, general recommendations were formulated for creating an environment around the student that will contribute to his comprehensive development, in particular, the level of learning in mathematics. Analyzing the obtained results, the following can be highlighted: digital technologies have their niche in students' daily life; an organized student does not feel the negative impact of digital technologies on his level of educational achievements, on the contrary, on his own, or guided by a teacher or relatives, he uses them to improve his knowledge by watching certain popular science or educational films and programs; the selection of educational content should be manageable; computer games have a negative effect on the level of educational achievements of students in grades 7-9; in accordance with modern evaluation criteria, the school can ensure the student's average level of knowledge in mathematics; students who have a high level of knowledge in mathematics, in their overwhelming majority, do extra work.
Методичні особливості вивчення логічних основ математики в інтегрованому курсі «Математика» для учнів 7 класу НУШ
Authors: Школьний Олександр
Published: December 2024

Currently, the reform of the Ukrainian school is aimed at ensuring that its graduates become fulfilled and happy citizens of a prosperous country in adulthood. For this reason, the basis of the “New Ukrainian School” (NUS) reform was chosen to be a competency-based approach to learning, which focuses the entire process of learning at school not on the formal acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities by students in one or another subject area, but on the formation of relevant such personality characteristics that will allow them to ensure their successful self-realization in the future. The stages of implementation of the Ukrainian school reform were the approval of State Education Standards and model programs, in particular, in mathematics. According to these programs, appropriate textbooks were created, in particular, the textbook of the integrated course “Mathematics” for the 7-th grade of the author’s team Oleksandr Shkolnyi, Yevhen Nelin, Andrii Mylianyk and Yuliia Prostakova. This textbook is innovative and involves an evolutionary update of the content of school mathematics in the 7-th grade, in particular, the introduction of the adaptation topic “Concepts and their definitions, statements and their proofs”, which concerns the logical foundations of mathematics immediately before studying geometric material on an axiomatic basis.
The purpose of the article is to highlight the methodological features of studying of math logical foundations in the 7-th grade mathematics course of NUS. In particular, in the article we show how to adapt seventh-graders to studying abstract geometry material, which has always caused difficulties. This adaptation is achieved by explaining the logical essence of concepts and statements using simple examples from everyday life. Students begin to understand why certain concepts are not defined, but only modeled in some way, and certain concepts are defined through undefined concepts and concepts whose definitions have already been given. It also becomes clear to seventh-graders how the truth of statements is established (on the basis of life experience and some agreements), why some statements are accepted without proof, and some of them are proved.
Approbation materials of the mentioned textbook on mathematics for the 7-th grade testify to the students’ interest in the logical foundations of mathematics, and also show that after mastering this material, they more easily perceive studying of the simplest geometric figures properties. In the future, we plan to continue research in this direction, since this textbook is recommended by the MES of Ukraine for teaching mathematics in the 7-th grade of the New Ukrainian School.
Вища математика: невизначений інтеграл. Практикум для дистанційного навчання : електронний навчальний практикум комбінованого (локального та мережного) використання
Authors:   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Коломієць А. , Крупський Я. ,   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Тютюнник О. ,   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Коцюбівська К. ,   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2024

У практикумі наведено приклади розв’язання основних типів інтегралів, які найчастіше зустрічають студенти в типових розрахунках, а також у подальшому при розв’язуванні диференціальних рівнянь, визначених інтегралів. Вміння обчислювати інтеграли є фундаментальним і обов’язковим вмінням для студентів. Мета практикуму – надати студентам можливість більш детально розібратися у методах обчислення інтегралів, навчитися обирати метод інтегрування для окремо взятого інтегралу, також поглибити знання теоретичного матеріалу. Призначений для студентів усіх спеціальностей.
Consumo de cogumelos por Mazama rufa (Illiger, 1815) na Mata Atlântica subtropical
Authors: Simionatto Talita , Prasniewski Victor M. , Szinwelski Neucir , Brocardo Carlos R.
Published: December 2024

Mazama rufa (Illiger, 1815) é uma espécie recentemente revalidada, e diversos aspectos de sua ecologia permanecem desconhecidos. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o consumo de cogumelos (Basidiomycota) por M. rufa. Nosso estudo foi realizado no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (Mata Atlântica), onde fizemos dois registros do consumo de fungos por meio de armadilhas fotográficas. A importância dos fungos na dieta de M. rufa é desconhecida, mas seu consumo pode aumentar os aportes de macronutrientes importantes para a sobrevivência dos organismos. Novas investigações poderão elucidar a importância dos cogumelos na dieta desses animais.
First record of blackbuck Antilope cervicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) in Brazil
Authors: Wagner Paulo G. C. , Berger Laura , Dias Mazim Fábio , Nisa-Castro-Neto Walter
Published: December 2024

Este es el primer registro de un antílope negro (Antilope cervicapra) en Brasil. El registro fue obtenido a través de observación y grabación en vídeo en una zona de pastizales del Bioma Pampa de la región Sur. Los registros de la cámara son de individuos hembras y juveniles en un área adyacente al bosque ribereño del río Quaraí. En esta región también hay registros del ciervo exótico chital (Axis axis), lo que subraya la necesidad de estudios sobre el impacto de la presencia de estas especies en el ecosistema pampeano brasileño.
THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS WHITENING AGENTS ON THE TRACE ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF DENTAL HARD TISSUES
Authors: Dvornyk A.V. , Tkachenko I.M. , Vodoriz Ya.Yu.
Published: December 2024

Intorduction. Discoloration of teeth is a common aesthetic concern affecting various segments of the population and individuals of all ages. According to current literature, 74% of respondents believe that an unattractive smile negatively impacts their career, while 92% think it influences success in their personal lives.
Modern dentistry offers numerous whitening methods to address tooth discoloration, with professional clinical bleaching being one of the most commonly performed procedures. Despite the variety of available techniques and the continuous emergence of new advancements in recent years, the issue of selecting the most effective and safe whitening agents remains a pressing concern.
The purpose of this study was to clinically and experimentally substantiate the selection of optimal teeth whitening methods and to assess their effectiveness. This evaluation was based on experimental analyses of the chemical composition of dental hard tissues, as well as clinical and laboratory research methodologies.
To achieve this purpose, the study outlined the following objectives:

Identify changes in the chemical composition of tooth enamel in experimental settings after the application of various professional whitening systems and protocols.
Evaluate the long-term effects of whitening agents on the chemical composition and structural integrity of dental hard tissues.

Methods. Experimental and statistical research methods were utilized to achieve these objectives, including microscopic analysis of the morphological and chemical composition of enamel using a high-resolution Mira LM electron microscope. For the experimental groups, bleaching systems containing 35% hydrogen peroxide and 44% carbamide peroxide were used to analyze their effects on enamel composition.
Results and Conclusions. The study compared the chemical composition of enamel surfaces following professional hygiene procedures and the use of carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide as active components in clinical teeth whitening systems. The findings demonstrated that changes in enamel composition significantly influence various oral parameters, including the composition of the oral fluid, the activity of salivary glands, and the functional and structural resilience of dental hard tissues.
Experimental results revealed notable deviations in the basic elements of enamel. These findings underscore the importance of selecting whitening agents based on clinical and laboratory tests. Moreover, the use of remineralizing agents with specific chemical formulations tailored to the chosen whitening components is essential to mitigate potential adverse effects and preserve enamel integrity.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MASTICATORY, TEMPORAL, LATERAL, AND MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLES ON THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF GENERALIZED INCREASED TOOTH WEARING
Authors: Koval Y.P. , Dvornyk V.M. , Perepelova T.V. , Kindii V.D. , Petrenko R.V. , Lygova L.O.
Published: December 2024

Increased wear of dental hard tissues is a longstanding and pressing issue that has become widespread among populations across different regions, with prevalence ranging from 3% to 83.2%. The influence of the muscles responsible for lifting, extending, and moving the lower jaw on the pathogenesis of generalized increased tooth wear has been studied, but the biomechanical components of “speed” and “force” in these muscles have not been fully clarified.
Objective. Using D. Bernoulli's principle, this study aims to investigate the impact of the biomechanical properties—specifically "speed" and "force"—of the masticatory, temporal, medial, and lateral pterygoid muscles on the side of priority and secondary importance for chewing, and their role in the development of increased wear of tooth hard tissues. The tasks of the study is to determine the length, width, and thickness of the masticatory, temporalis, and pterygoid muscles on the primary and secondary chewing sides in patients with increased attrition of tooth hard tissues, as well as in individuals without signs of increased attrition; using D. Bernoulli’s principle, to calculate a dimensionless coefficient for each muscle, and compare the biomechanical properties of “speed” and “force” of the studied muscles to determine their impact on the development of increased wear of tooth hard tissues.
Discussion of Results. As the severity of increased tooth wear progresses, the temporal and masticatory muscles exhibit the physical property of “strength”, while the pterygoid muscles demonstrate “speed”. A greater acquisition of “strength” by the temporal and masticatory muscles, coupled with increased "speed" in the pterygoid muscles, leads to heightened friction between the occlusal surfaces of the teeth.
Conclusion. The imbalance between the physical properties of “strength” and “speed” in the masticatory, temporal, and pterygoid muscles contributes to the development of increased wear of hard dental tissues.
EVALUATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS ON THE QUALITY OF FIXED DENTAL PROSTHESES
Authors: Ramus A.M. , Korol D.M. , Ramus M.O. , Toncheva K.D. , Maliuchenko M.M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Fixed prosthetics play a crucial role in restoring both functional and aesthetic characteristics of the oral cavity, enhancing patients' quality of life. Patient satisfaction assessment is a key aspect in improving treatment methods and preventing complications.
Objective of the Study: This study aims to assess patient satisfaction with fixed dental prostheses among residents of Poltava and the Poltava region through a structured questionnaire.
Materials and Methods: The study included 44 patients (29.55% male, 70.45% female) with an average age of 55 years. Participants were divided into three groups: those receiving prostheses for the first time, those using prostheses for less than five years, and those with prostheses for over five years. The survey utilized a proprietary questionnaire comprising two sections: overall satisfaction (60 points), and convenience and comfort (75 points). Data analysis was performed using JASP software with ANCOVA and the Wilcoxon test to identify differences based on prosthesis duration.
Results: Questionnaire results revealed a trend of decreasing satisfaction with extended use of fixed prostheses. Average satisfaction scores dropped from 56.69 in the first group to 52.93 in the second group and to 48.18 in the third, indicating an overall decline of 6.26% and 14.18%, respectively, between groups. The second section of the questionnaire indicated an increase in maintenance difficulties and discomfort, with scores rising from 35.15 to 46.71 points, reflecting a 15.42% increase in this trend. These findings suggest that prolonged use of fixed prostheses results in reduced comfort and greater maintenance challenges, adversely affecting quality of life.
ANCOVA analysis indicated that gingival health around the prosthesis had the greatest impact on satisfaction in the first section (F = 10.091, p < 0.001), while ease of use had a lesser impact (F = 2.298, p = 0.113). In the second section, tooth decay under the prosthesis emerged as a significant issue (F = 7.716, p = 0.001), whereas satisfaction with tooth color had the least impact (F = 0.465, p = 0.632).
Conclusions: The structured division of the questionnaire into two sections proved effective, enabling the collection of detailed information on various aspects of prosthesis satisfaction among residents of Poltava and the Poltava region. The survey highlighted an overall trend of declining satisfaction with prolonged prosthesis use, underscoring the necessity for careful monitoring and timely replacement to improve treatment quality and maintain high levels of patient satisfaction.
CASPASE-3 ACTIVITY IN CARDIAC TISSUE UNDER LONG-TERM RELEASING HORMONE BLOCKADE AND QUERCETIN ADMINISTRATION IN MALE RATS
Authors: Voroshilova T.A. , Shepitko V.I. , Stetsuk E.V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Caspase-3 is a key enzyme in apoptosis, though its exact role in programmed cell death remains incompletely understood. Studies have demonstrated that caspase-3 plays a critical role in cell death in specific cell types or under particular stimuli, as well as in initiating and completing biochemical processes associated with apoptosis. Men with congestive heart failure often exhibit reduced testosterone levels, and research suggests that testosterone therapy can improve cardiac output and lower peripheral vascular resistance. However, its effects on cardiac function, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and ventricular remodeling remain unclear.
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of testosterone suppression on caspase-3 activity in cardiac tissues during long-term releasing hormone blockade in male rats treated with quercetin.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 60 sexually mature male rats. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: control (n=10) and experimental (n=50). In order to modulate central deprivation of luteinising hormone synthesis, animals in the experimental group received solution of tryptorelin at a dose of 0.3 mg of active ingredient per kg of body weight and quercetin at 100 mg/kg of body weight 3 times a week.
Results. Immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3 showed that caspase 3 increased sharply to a maximum on the 30th day of observation after the administration of tryptorelin, followed by a gradual significant decrease in this indicator on the 180th and 365th days at p˂0.05. When tryptorelin and quercetin were administered, as shown in Fig. 2, the main pattern (a sharp increase on day 30 and then a gradual decline until day 365) is preserved, but the reliability of the decrease in the quantitative parameter is significant only on days 30 and 90 of the study.
Conclusions. The addition of quercetin to the diet leads to a decrease in the immunoreactivity of heart cells in experimental animals by caspase-3 expression, which can be regarded as a compensatory phenomenon aimed at balancing apoptosis in the conditions of hormonal dysfunction by suppressing testosterone synthesis.
ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF CARBOXYTHERAPY IN CARRAGEENAN-INDUCED INFLAMMATION IN RATS
Authors: Shtroblia V. V.
Published: December 2024

Introductions. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint diseases, accompanied by chronic pain and limited mobility, which significantly impairs the quality of life of patients. Inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress play a key role in the development of osteoarthritis, leading to cartilage degradation. Current treatments are mostly aimed at reducing symptoms, but do not stop the progression of the disease and are often accompanied by side effects. In this regard, it is important to search for new therapeutic approaches that can effectively counteract inflammation and oxidative stress. One of the promising areas is carboxytherapy, which shows potential in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, which was the subject of the present study.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of carbon dioxide as monotherapy and in combination with diclofenac sodium or chondroitin on the level of oxidative stress in a carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat model.
Methods and materials. The study was conducted on 56 white rats randomised into 7 groups, assessing the level of oxidative stress by the content of products reacting with thiobarbituric acid, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test was used for statistical processing.
Results. The study demonstrated that the use of CO₂ caused a decrease in the level of products reacting with thiobarbituric acid by 23.04% (p<0.001) in group VII and by 22.56% (p<0.001) in group VI. CO₂ administration reduced catalase activity by 26.91% (p<0.001) in group VI and by 25.99% (p<0.001) in group VII. CO₂ increased the activity of superoxide dismutase by 35.3% (p<0.001) in group VII and by 35.0% (p<0.001) in group VI. CO₂ monotherapy in group V resulted in an increase in superoxide dismutase activity by 24.4% (p<0.001).
Conclusion. Carbon dioxide demonstrated a significant antioxidant effect, reducing oxidative stress and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which indicates the prospects of its use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, in particular osteoarthritis.
CLINICAL PECULIARITIES OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME DURING COVID-19 MANIFESTATION
Authors: Bondarets D.V. , Rudenko K.V.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the work: to study the dependence of 30-day survival of patients with acute coronary syndrome and COVID-19 based on the timeliness of seeking medical help, clinical manifestations, timeliness/delay of reperfusion.
Participants and methods. The study included patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent reperfusion interventions (n=100), the average age of the study participants was 63.5±4.8 years. The study participants were divided into groups: the main group included (n=50) patients with acute coronary syndrome during the manifestation of COVID-19, and a comparison group (n=50) involving patients with acute coronary syndrome without respiratory viral infection. The material for the analysis was as followes: medical history, physical, clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination, protocols of interventional interventions or coronary bypass, results of polymerase chain tests for confirmation of COVID-19.
Results. The analysis of complaints revealed that periodic anginal pain (p=0.003, χ²=9.06) and the presence of heart rhythm disorders (p=0.02, χ²=5.23) were significantly more common in patients of the comparison group. Tthe proportion of patients who underwent reperfusion within 6 hours of anginal pain onset was significantly higher in the comparison group (p=0.0001, χ²=67.22). In contrast, the proportion of patients who underwent reperfusion more than 6 hours after onset was significantly higher in the main group (p=0.004, χ²=8.23).
The odds ratio (OR) analysis revealed that the risk of fatal events was 3.3 times higher in patients who underwent reperfusion after 6 hours (OR=3.30; 95% CI: 1.21–9.14, p=0.016, χ²=5.76). Moreover, in patients who died, the OR indicated that the risk of fatal events was 2.56 times higher compared to patients in the main group who also had reperfusion delayed by more than 6 hours (OR=2.56; 95% CI: 1.30–5.01, p=0.0069, χ²=7.29).
Conclusions. The study identified significant differences in the complaints expressed by patients with acute coronary syndrome, with and without COVID-19. It was found that periodic anginal pain and heart rhythm disorders were significantly more common in the comparison group. The determined odds ratios indicated that the risk of fatal events was 3.3 times higher in patients who underwent reperfusion after 6 hours. The retrospectively calculated odd ratios showed that the risk of fatal events in deceased patients, considering the timing of reperfusion, was 2.56 times higher compared to patients in the main group, who also underwent reperfusion after 6 hours.
SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK PROFILE
Authors: Zhurba O.O.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between key socioeconomic factors (education, professional employment, and marital status) and cardiovascular risk factors (type II diabetes, hypertension, excess body weight, smoking, and physical inactivity).
Subjects and Methods. The study included 3,674 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent coronary bypass surgery on a beating heart. The average age of the participants was 60.6 ± 0.8 years. Data for analysis were obtained from patient medical histories, anamnesis records, and results of general clinical and laboratory examinations. The relationship between education, professional employment, and marital status with cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated using odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) calculations.
Results. The analysis revealed that 18.8% of patients with coronary heart disease were single, while 81.2% were married or in a family relationship (p = 0.0001). Among these patients, 41.2% were professionally employed, whereas 58.8% were unemployed (p = 0.4). Higher education was the most common, accounting for 76.5% of cases, followed by vocational and technical education at 20.3%, and general secondary education at 3.2%. The analysis of the associative relationship between education, occupation, family status, and cardiovascular factors revealed notable findings. Among single individuals with coronary heart disease, associations are observed with obesity (p = 0.08) and smoking (p = 0.0001, χ² = 121.16). Those, who are married or in a family relationship, show significant relationships with excess body weight (p = 0.0003, χ² = 21.59), hypodynamia (p = 0.06, χ² = 3.46), arterial hypertension (p = 0.05, χ² = 7.60), and type II diabetes (p = 0.04, χ² = 4.28). In individuals with higher education, associations are identified with excess body weight (p = 0.0001, χ² = 28.41), hypodynamia (p = 0.2), and smoking (p = 0.0001, χ² = 32.90). Among professionally employed individuals, increased risks were noted for smoking (p = 0.003, χ² = 8.49), arterial hypertension (p = 0.0001, χ² = 25.67), and type II diabetes (p = 0.07, χ² = 3.16).
Conclusions. The study demonstrates that individuals with a favorable socioeconomic status (married, higher education, and professional employment) have an increased risk of cardiovascular factors such as excess body weight, hypodynamia, arterial hypertension, and type II diabetes. In contrast, those with lower socioeconomic opportunities (single status, unemployment, or vocational/secondary education) were found to have an increased risk of obesity and smoking.
A REVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY METHODS FOR CARIES RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Vodoriz Y.Y. , Brailko N.M. , Dvornyk A.V. , Tkachenko I.M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Modern dentistry offers various risk assessment tools, such as CAMBRA, Cariogram, and the ADA Risk Assessment Tool. These tools help dentists create personalized treatment plans. However, their effectiveness is still debated.
Materials and Methods. An electronic search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus databases without any regional or temporal restrictions. The following keywords were used: CAMBRA, Cariogram, ADA Risk Assessment Tool, caries risk assessment, ECAT. This comprehensive search strategy ensured a broad and unbiased collection of relevant studies.
Results. Quantitative methods include CAMBRA (Caries Management by Risk Assessment), Cariogram, the ADA Risk Assessment Tool, OHIS (Oral Health Impact Profile), and ECAT (Early Childhood Caries Assessment Tool). Qualitative methods, on the other hand, rely on clinical examination, saliva analysis, and genetic testing.
Discussion. The key similarities among the aforementioned methods are evident. First, all of these methods employ a comprehensive approach, considering multiple factors that contribute to caries risk, such as oral hygiene, diet, dental history, saliva composition, fluoride exposure, and other relevant risk factors. Second, each method supports an individualized approach, allowing for the development of personalized treatment and prevention plans based on the patient's specific risk profile. Finally, all of these methods are designed to identify patients at high risk for caries, facilitating early intervention and preventive measures.
Conclusion. Contemporary quantitative methods for assessing caries risk, such as CAMBRA, the ADA Risk Assessment Tool, Cariogram, and ECAT, prove to be effective in evaluating individual risks for tooth decay. Each method has its strengths and limitations, and the optimal choice for a particular dental practice may depend on factors like the dentist’s preferences, available resources, and patient demographics.
PECULIARITIES OF DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY ODONTOGENIC MAXILLARY SINUSITIS IN A DENTAL SETTING
Authors: Zaporozhchenko V. M. , Tkachenko І.М.
Published: December 2024

This article presents an analytical review of modern approaches to diagnosing and treating patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, often identified during dental appointments. The study is based on the analysis of educational, methodological, scientific, and patent literature to highlight the clinical and therapeutic aspects of this condition. The aim of the study is to determine the key stages in the development of diagnostic methods for odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, assess their effectiveness, and explore their relationship with modern treatment technologies. To achieve this, a patent information search was conducted using the Scopus and PubMed databases.
A total of 39 scientific sources were analyzed, the majority of which were international studies. This analysis enabled the systematization of current diagnostic methods, including clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and microbiological approaches, with a focus on their effectiveness. The multidisciplinary approach to treatment, combining dental and otorhinolaryngological specializations, was also considered in order to provide a comprehensive approach to the treatment of patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. The main emphasis was placed on therapeutic strategies and features of their application depending on the type and etiology of the disease. The results of the review confirm that early detection and a comprehensive approach to the treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis are crucial for preventing complications and achieving sustainable clinical outcomes.
INDICES OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT PRETERM INFANTS WITH SEVERE PERINATAL PATHOLOGY
Authors: Godovanets O.S.
Published: December 2024

Hematopoiesis plays a pivotal role in providing compensatory and adaptive mechanisms of the body in response to stressors associated with birth and in facilitating adaptation to new conditions of existence. The evaluation of the complete blood count in newborns is a recommended laboratory test for perinatal pathology, as outlined in standard practice guidelines. The interpretation of results from peripheral blood analysis, with consideration of ratios of indicators and the calculation of systemic inflammation indices, enables not only the assessment of the hematopoietic system but also the determination of specific features of the child's adaptation in the context of preterm birth.
Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of the newborns was conducted following standard protocols. Based on the results of the complete blood count, additional ratios were calculated, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Additionally, the following indices were calculated: systemic immune inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and platelet, neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte index (PIV). Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA software (StatSoft Inc., USA, Version 10). Quantitative indicators with a normal distribution were compared using Student's t-test, and differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.0001.
Results. The severity of the newborns’ condition is accompanied by characteristic changes in complete blood count parameters, including ratios and indices. The results demonstrated specific alterations that suggest the presence of distinct deviations in the indicators when compared to the control group. This indicates a disruption in the activation of erythroid, myeloid, and granulocyte germ cells of hematopoiesis in response to hypoxia during the early neonatal period in extremely preterm infants. The utilization of these indicators provides a degree of insight into the pathophysiological alterations occurring in the children under hypoxic inflammation during preterm birth.
Conclusion. Determining the ratio of traditional CBC indicators and systemic inflammation indices is a valuable addition to the traditional assessment of laboratory results in perinatal pathology for preterm infants.
Calculating the ratio of complete blood count and systemic inflammation indices in newborns provides an additional criterion for assessing the severity of the condition, helping to predict the progression of perinatal pathology, with consideration of gestational age.
An in-depth analysis of complete blood count results facilitates a more objective evaluation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypoxic inflammation and their specific characteristics in preterm infants.
CELLULAR TECHNOLOGIES FOR TREATING CRITICAL LOWER LIMB ISCHEMIA IN DIABETES: MORPHOMETRIC DYNAMICS OF SKIN AND MUSCLE BLOOD VESSELS
Authors: Ivanova Yu. , Viun S. , Miasoiedov K. , Bytiak S. , Gramatiuk S. , Viun T.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. This study aims to investigate the quantitative criteria for damage to the blood vessels of the skin and muscles in patients with the ischemic form of diabetic foot syndrome, with the goal of determining the degree of diabetic microangiopathy and assessing the effect of cellular revascularization on these indicators. Materials and methods. For this research, paraffin block samples of skin and muscle tissue were obtained from 49 patients (research group) with ischemic and mixed forms of diabetic foot syndrome, accompanied by combined stenotic and occlusive lesions of the arteries in the popliteal and tibial segments. These patients were treated at the Department of Acute Diseases of the Institute of General and Emergency Surgery named after V.T. Zaytsev, the National University of Ukraine, between 2022 and 2024. The average age was 67±3.6 years, and the average duration of diabetes was 11±1.6 years. A comparison group consisted of skin and muscle samples from 10 patients without systemic diseases. In the research group, indirect revascularization was performed by injecting autologous mesenchymal stem cells into the leg muscles. Photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid as a photosensitizer and red light irradiation was applied for wound treatment. Final wound closure was achieved using a fibroblastic matrix grown from autologous mesenchymal stem cells. Results. The use of photodynamic therapy and phototherapy, followed by closure with a fibroblastic matrix, allowed for distalization of the amputation level and a reduction in treatment duration. After the first session of photodynamic therapy, the degree of contamination decreased in 83% of patients, enabling wound closure with the fibroblastic matrix. Patients in the experimental group gradually increased their pain-free walking distance, and positive changes in ischemia severity, according to the Pokrovsky–Fontaine classification, were observed after 1–3 months. The quality-of-life index before treatment was 4.11±0.15 points, and after 3 months, it increased by 1.15 times, reaching 1.5 times after 12 months. Conclusions: Indirect revascularization using autologous mesenchymal stem cells is an effective and safe treatment method. Local transplantation into the ischemic limb is the most optimal approach for introducing mesenchymal stem cells in patients with critical ischemia of the lower limbs due to diabetes.
A COMBINED APPROACH TO THE REMOVAL OF METALLIC FOREIGN BODIES FROM SOFT TISSUES
Authors: Ivanova G.O. , Dudchenko M.O. , Kravtsiv M.I. , Ivashchenko D.M. , Shevchuk M.P. , Horodova –Andrieieva T.V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The ongoing hostilities in Ukraine have led to a significant number of victims with gunshot wounds. A distinguishing characteristic of modern firearms and explosive weapons is the impact of projectiles that cause injuries in the form of fragments, bullets, secondary and tertiary shrapnel, and other foreign bodies (e.g., glass, plastic, soil, or clothing remnants) that remain embedded in the victim's tissues. Shrapnel wounds account for 56.7% of all combat injuries.
The treatment of gunshot and bullet wounds focuses on the removal of foreign bodies and the restoration of the anatomical and physiological integrity of the affected tissues. However, there is currently no standardized approach to the removal of such foreign bodies.
The objective of this study was to enhance outcomes in the removal of metallic foreign bodies by employing a combined method during repeated surgical wound treatment.
Participants and methods. The study involved two research groups. The first group (Group I) consisted of 191 wounded individuals whose metal fragments were removed using the traditional method with magnetic instruments. The second group (Group II) included 173 patients whose foreign bodies were removed using a combination of a mobile X-ray unit and ultrasound guidance.
Results. The findings demonstrated that the combined method for removing foreign bodies offers significant advantages over the traditional approach. The combined method increased the removal efficiency by 20.6%. Intraoperative complications were 5.2 times less frequent in Group II compared to Group I (1.7% vs. 8.9%). Postoperative pain levels, measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), were significantly lower in Group II (4.5 ± 0.32) compared to Group I (7.5 ± 0.3). Additionally, the combined method effectively minimized the risk of inflammatory processes and reduced the incidence of postoperative complications.
These results highlight the combined method as a superior approach for the removal of metallic foreign bodies, improving both surgical outcomes and patient recovery.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECTRUM OF RESPIRATORY TRACT MICROFLORA IN PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS FOR 2018-2023
Authors: Marchenko O.H.
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly affected the spectrum of microorganisms, their resistance to antibiotics, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains and the increased consumption of antibiotics by patients with COVID-19 in hospitals. The data from the world and national literature on the dynamics of the respiratory microflora in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are currently incomplete and contradictory. The purpose of the study is to analyse the spectrum of patients' respiratory tract microflora in the dynamics for the period 2018-2023.
A retrospective analysis of the results of microbiological monitoring of microorganisms isolated from biomaterials from 2770 patients with acute respiratory diseases for the period from 2018 to 2023 was conducted based on the data obtained from the Poltava Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of the Poltava Regional Council.
It was found out that in the period before the 2018-2019 pandemic, coccal microflora represented by S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. haemolyticus, S. Agalacticae, was predominantly recorded among the isolated pathogens. During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2023, the spectrum of pathogens changed and was characterised by an increase in the proportion of C. albicans, Enterococcus spp., and K. pneumoniae. When comparing the 2020-2021 pandemic period, which was characterised by the irrational use of antimicrobials, with the period of 2022-2023, when antibiotics began to be used more moderately, differences were also identified in the microbial landscape. In 2022-2023, compared to 2020-2021, there was again a trend towards an increase in coccal microflora, in particular S. aureus, S. pyogenes and Enterococcus spp. and Acinetobacter, and a decrease in the proportion of C. albicans and S. haemolyticus.
Thus, prior to the 2018-2019 pandemic, coccal microflora (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. haemolyticus, S. agalacticae) dominated among the isolated pathogens. During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2023, there was a change in the spectrum of pathogens with an increase in the proportion of fungal and hospital-acquired microflora (C. albicans, Enterococcus spp. and K. pneumoniae). When analyzing the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was revealed that in 2022-2023, compared to 2020-2021, there was a tendency towards an increase in the coccal microflora (S. aureus, S. pyogenes and Enterococcus spp., Acinetobacter) and decrease in the proportion of pathogens C. albicans and S. haemolyticus.
BIOMEDICAL RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREECLAMPSIA OF VARYING SEVERITY IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Rzakulieva L.M. , Hasanli N.G.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to identify biomedical risk factors for the development of preeclampsia of varying severity in the group of examined pregnant women. Material and methods. 70 women whose pregnancy was complicated by the development of preeclampsia were under observation. The first group included 46 (65.7%) patients with moderate preeclampsia; the second group included 24 (34.2%) women with severe preeclampsia. The diagnosis was established on the basis of the patient's complaints, clinical examination, somatic, obstetric and gynecological anamnesis, analysis of the course of the present pregnancy, ultrasound fetometry and Dopplerometry findings. The patients who participated in the study had an assessment of clinical and anamnestic parameters, somatic status, obstetric and gynecological anamnesis. Data from 45 pregnant women with an unencumbered obstetric and gynecological history and a physiologically occurring pregnancy were used as control values. Results. The prognostic risk factors for the development of moderate and severe preeclampsia were analyzed based on the calculation of relative risk indicators (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). In the group of pregnant women with both severe and moderate preeclampsia, strong prognostic risk factors were: place of residence in the regions, extragenital pathology in the anamnesis, gynecological diseases in the anamnesis, the number of pregnancies in the anamnesis, birth parity, and arterial hypertension. The early identification of risk factors for moderate and severe preeclampsia enables timely preventive measures, thereby improving patient outcomes and prognosis. Conclusion. The analysis revealed that preeclampsia was more prevalent among pregnant women with a history of various extragenital diseases, a complicated obstetric and gynecological history, and concomitant hypertension.
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF MEDICAL STUDENTS EXPERIENCING NECK PAIN SYNDROME
Authors: Shkodina A.D. , Mamai O.V. , Bilko V.V. , Klymko D.O. , Ramus A.M. , Morokhovets H.Yu. , Pinchuk V.A. , Delva M.Yu.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Neck pain is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders, with an age-standardized prevalence of 27.0 per 1,000 people in 2019, ranking fourth globally after back diseases, mental disorders (including depression), and iron deficiency anemia. This issue is closely associated with computer neck syndrome, which represents the early stages of cervical spine degeneration due to the stress caused by prolonged head tilting while using a computer or smartphone. Current literature highlights a strong link between neck pain and the psycho-emotional component of health. However, most studies at both global and regional levels examine this problem as part of a broader set of musculoskeletal symptoms. Notably, there is a lack of monitoring on the prevalence of neck pain among medical university students in Ukraine, and a review of available literature reveals a significant gap in this area.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the specifics of psychoemotional states, in particular the manifestations of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as the perception of the level of social support in the case of neck pain among students studying at higher education institutions.
Materials and methods. The study involved 187 applicants for the second level of higher medical education of full-time 1-6 years of study. An online questionnaire was used to conduct the survey, which included a passport part and social factors of neck pain, a scale for determining social support, an anxiety questionnaire (GAD-7), a depression questionnaire (PHQ-9) and a scale for assessing the level of stress (PSS-10) and a social support scale (SSS).
Results. 177 students (94.65%) agreed to participate in the survey. Among them, 42 were men (23.73%) and 135 were women (76.27%). The results revealed that 104 participants (58.8%) reported experiencing neck pain. The average severity of neck pain was 3.42±2.06 points on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The mean GAD-7 scale score in group 1 was 8.0 (range: 6.0–12.0), and in group 2, it was 6.0 (range: 4.0–8.0). In group 1, the level of anxiety was statistically significantly higher compared to group 2 (p<0.001), although the median values in both groups indicated a low level of anxiety. Respondents in group 1 were found to have more pronounced anxiety (p<0.001), depression (p<0.001), and stress (p=0.016). However, the level of social support did not show statistically significant differences between the groups (p=0.721).
Conclusions. Neck pain affects more than half of higher education students, regardless of age or academic year, but is more common in women. Students experiencing neck pain are more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression, and stress. However, there were no changes in perceived social support, suggesting that while cervical pain impacts students’ mental health, it does not affect their social functioning.