bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variational Shadow Quantum Circuits Assisted Quantum Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Feng Yan‐yan , Li Yan , Li Jie , Zhou Jian , Shi Jin‐jing
Published: January 2025

Convolutional neural network (CNN), as a prominent machine learning model, is crucial in image classification and feature extraction by completely utilizing the correlation information of data. Currently, the CNN is facing the challenges of slow computing speed, expanding data scale and poor interpretation for rapidly increasing Hilbert space. Fortunately, quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN) promises an elegant solution to improve the efficiency of data processing by combining the superiority of quantum computing and the feature extraction capability of the CNN. However, most of the existing QCNNs have the problem that they are feeble to extract global features effectively and coincidentally variational shadow quantum circuit (VSQC) can preferably figure out it. Accordingly, an enhanced QCNN assisted by the VSQC (VSQC‐QCNN) is developed. To be specific, the input data is primarily preprocessed by the VSQC module to establish global entanglement and extract effective features. Then the output shadow features are further processed by encoding, quantum circuit evolution and decoding through quantum convolutional layer and the dimensionality of the feature results is reduced through the pooling layer. When the data dimension is small enough, it is fed into a fully connected neural network to make classification predictions via activation functions. Experiments conducted on the MNIST dataset through the VQNet quantum framework demonstrate that the VSQC‐QCNN model is with performance surpassing the original QCNN in terms of loss function, classification accuracy and training speed. In addition, it is proved that the VSQC‐QCNN model has good astringency and stability under different circuit depths, widths and learning rates. Remarkably, the classification average accuracy of the model can reach up to 99% (even 100% for a few cases). Finally, experiments are also performed on Fashion‐MNIST and Iris datasets, indicating that the designed model has good universality.
Quantum Ghost Imaging by Sparse Spatial Mode Reconstruction
Authors: Nothlawala Fazilah , Moodley Chané , Gounden Neelan , Nape Isaac , Forbes Andrew
Published: January 2025

In a conventional quantum imaging experiment, the image of the object is retrieved directly with single photon camera technology, or computationally with a single‐pixel detector and pixelated projective masks. In all these approaches, the resolution of the image is dictated by the pixel resolution of the detection devices. In this paper, the traditional spatial basis of pixels is replaced with spatial modes, exploiting their unique features to enhance image fidelity and resolution and improve reconstruction accuracy through modal sparsity. This approach can be used even when the modes are not orthogonal, demonstrating the principle with highly efficient phase‐only approximations to the modal basis. By numerical simulation and experimental analysis, the advantages of this approach are illustrated, which include faster convergence to the object, with higher signals and fidelity, which are demonstrated with an order of magnitude less masks than conventional approaches for the same fidelity in outcome. Unlike the basis of pixels, the resolution of the image is not dictated by the resolution of the detectors, opening a path to high‐resolution quantum imaging of complex objects.
Soil carbon sequestration potential in subtropical grasslands estimated by DayCent‐CABBI
Authors: Takeda Naoya , Rowlings David , Parton William , Grace Liam , Day Kenneth , Nguyen Trung , Grace Peter
Published: January 2025

Soil carbon (C) sequestration by restoring degraded grasslands with adequate management practices offers significant opportunities for climate change mitigation while remaining highly uncertain. In this study, a combination of a biogeochemical model DayCent‐CABBI and eddy covariance (EC) flux towers was applied to evaluate soil C sequestration potential (at a depth of 0–0.3 m) of management strategies in subtropical grasslands. DayCent‐CABBI was calibrated for grasslands in northeast Australia using biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) data from a long‐term trial and then fine‐tuned using EC flux tower data from seven sites in the region. The model was then validated with cumulative net ecosystem exchange, biomass, and SOC, resulting in root mean square errors of 1.16, 0.88, and 2.81 Mg C ha−1, respectively. The model was used to project long‐term changes in SOC stocks under innovative management practices (time‐controlled grazing and pasture legume incorporation), estimating soil C sequestration by 0.37–0.48 and 0.15–0.26 Mg C ha−1 year−1 toward 2050 with the respective practices. This study confirms the validity of the Measure, Model, and Verification (MMV) approach to estimate and project soil C sequestration for evaluating SOC methodologies by grassland management within a shorter period than soil sampling—measuring the baseline SOC, modeling the C dynamics with the calibrated DayCent‐CABBI, and verifying the projected soil C sequestration with EC flux tower data.
Land‐use effects on soil organic matter and related soil properties in a mixed agricultural–forest landscape of central Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Hofmeister Kathryn L. , Feitl Gwen , Tackett Kaylee , Fleury Leah , Nave Lucas E.
Published: January 2025

Soil organic matter (SOM) influences a wide range of ecosystem processes, including nutrient cycling, water movement, plant productivity, and biodiversity. In agricultural landscapes, adjacent land uses often differ in SOM contents and related soil properties, such as soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, but the direction and magnitude of these effects are inconsistent across studies. We assessed how land uses differed in SOM and related properties in a representative US Midwest agricultural–forest landscape to support land‐use and management decisions by local landowners and producers. We measured SOM, bulk density (Db), root biomass, and pH, and estimated SOC stocks, in a Typic Hapludalf under four adjacent land uses (permanent forest, pasture, restored prairie on former pasture, and spruce plantation on former pasture). Surface SOM concentrations and stocks were higher under permanent forest (89 g kg−1 and 85 Mg ha−1, respectively) and pasture (63 g kg−1 and 81 Mg ha−1, respectively) than under restored prairie (49 g kg−1 and 58 Mg ha−1, respectively) and spruce plantation (46 g kg−1 and 46 Mg ha−1, respectively). Land uses also differed in Db, root biomass, and pH, with permanent forest and spruce plantation soils having generally lower Db, more root biomass, and more acidic pH than pasture and restored prairie soils. Specific statistically significant differences depended upon depth in the soil profile. Overall, our results suggest that each land use differentially impacts a unique set of soil properties, precluding any single explanation or management recommendation aimed at improving soil health as a whole.
Governance, Corruption, Trade Openness, and Innovation: Key Drivers of Green Growth and Sustainable Development in Türkiye
Authors: Naimoğlu Mustafa , Şahin Serkan , Özbek Sefa
Published: January 2025

This research aims to scrutinize the determinants of green growth in Türkiye from 1995 to 2022, focusing on institutional quality, corruption, trade openness, and innovation. This study utilizes ARDL approach using annual data from 1995 to 2022 in Türkiye. The results indicate that high quality governance enhances green growth and efficient governance structures support sustainable development. On the contrary, the findings indicate that corruption gives harm to green growth. Therefore, stronger anti‐corruption measures can be instrumental in ensuring green growth. The results further show that increased trade openness is detrimental to green growth. These results suggest that greater trade openness leads to higher production, which in turn increases fossil fuel consumption, thereby hindering green growth. Finally, the positive impact of innovation on green growth emphasized the importance of patents and technological progress in promoting sustainability. These results direct policymakers' attention to improving governance, reducing corruption, aligning trade policies with environmental objectives and promoting innovation.
Recent Progress in Poly(ADP–Ribose) Polymerase‐1 Inhibitors for Application in Cancer
Authors: Mehra Anuradha , Islam Shahnaz , Sangwan Rekha
Published: January 2025

An ADP‐ribosylating enzyme called poly (ADP–ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is necessary to start several types of DNA repair. PARP1 also contributes significantly to the regulation of gene expression through enzyme‐independent motif recognition and enzyme‐dependent chromatin remodeling. Thus, synthetic lethality is achieved in the therapy of tumors and cancers by blocking undesired DNA repair by the inhibition of its enzyme activity with small molecules. In addition to outlining the most recent research from 2019 to 2024 on the precise ways in which PARP1 regulates each process independently, we discussed how transcription and DNA repair are interdependent enough that perturbations caused by PARP1 enzymatic inhibition, disease‐related enzyme hyperactivation. Herein, this concept review systematically summarizes the different approach for designing selective PARP1 inhibitor that are i) PARP1–DNA trapping approach, ii) hybrid approach, iii) PROTAC approach, and iv) dual target inhibitor approach and updates on clinical trials.
Thiophene‐2‐ethylamine Based Schiff Base Ligands and Their Co(III), Ni(II), and Cu(II) Metal Complexes: Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Activities
Authors: Latha Renukaradhya , Vijayakumar Giriyapura Revanasiddappa , Suchetan Parameshwar Adimule , Naveen Shivalingegowda , Somashekara Bhadrachar
Published: January 2025

Thiophene‐2‐ethylamine based Schiff base ligands, namely 2‐((E)‐(2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethylimino)methyl)phenol (L1H), 2‐((E)‐(2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethylimino)methyl)‐4‐nitrophenol (L2H) and 2‐((E)‐(2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethylimino)methyl)‐4‐bromophenol (L3H) and their cobalt(III), nickel(II), and copper(II) metal complexes were synthesized and explored for their antimicrobial and antidiabetic properties. The ligands and the complexes were characterized by using FT‐IR, UV–visible, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and mass spectral studies. Single crystal X‐ray data of the complexes Co(L1)3 and Cu(L1)2 were collected, which correlated with the respective structures. Antibacterial activity of the ligands and their complexes against gram‐positive bacteria Staphyloccus aureus, gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli and antifungal activity against fungi Aspergillus flavus and Pichia anomala were determined through the agar well diffusion method. Antidiabetic activity of the ligands and complexes was carried out by α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition methods. The results revealed that both ligands and complexes exhibit prominent antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities in µg/mL concentration. Among the synthesized compounds, L2H, Co(L2)3, and Ni(L2)2 were found to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. However, potent antidiabetic activity was recorded with L1H, Co(L1)3, and Co(L3)3. Further computational Swiss ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) tool was performed to prove the drug likeliness properties of the title compounds.
TBAI‐Promoted Electrochemical Cyclization: Synthesis of Quinazolines Using Cascade C—N Bond Generation
Authors: Kant Kamal , Naik Priyadarshini , Teli Yaqoob A. , Jyoti  , Kabi Arup K. , Singh Virender , Al‐Zaqri Nabil , Malakar Chandi C.
Published: January 2025

An electrochemical cyclization strategy is employed herewith for the eco‐friendly and cost‐effective synthesis of 2‐substituted quinazolines by using 2‐aminobenzylamines and aldehydes or alcohols as starting substrates. The reactions were conducted under two distinct reaction temperatures: 25 °C for aldehydes and 60 °C for alcohols. Tetra‐n‐butylammonium iodide (TBAI) participates in dual roles such as, an electrolyte and a mild reagent to facilitate the formation of quinazolines at a constant current of 30 mA using a graphite electrode as anode and a platinum electrode as cathode in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. Under the devised process, the quinazolines were accomplished with broad substrate scope in excellent yields (up to 90%), which reduces the formation of toxic side products. The plausible mechanistic pathways have been formulated, which are supported by the control experiments and cyclic voltammetry studies. The findings demonstrate that under electrochemical conditions, iodonium ions are generated, which play a crucial role in enhancing the efficacy of the described method.
Computational Study on Anthrapyrazoles, Anthraisoxazoles, and Proposed Anthraisothiazoles: DFT and Molecular Docking Analysis
Authors: Patil Praful S. , Sekar Nagaiyan
Published: January 2025

The current research involves a computational examination of the anthrapyrazoles, anthraisoxazoles, and proposed anthraisothiazoles using density functional theory (DFT). Through this analysis, it was found that the heterocyclic cores exhibit significant chemical reactivity, serving as electron donor spots and active sites for potential electrophilic attacks. Various quantum chemical parameters, such as chemical potential, hardness, softness, electronegativity, and electrophilicity index, were determined to better understand the molecular behavior. The molecular structure was optimized, and its electronic nature was quantified using quantitative molecular electrostatic potential (QMEP) plots. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, including polarizability, first‐order hyperpolarizability, and second‐order hyperpolarizability of proposed anthraisothiazoles (P15–P19), lie in between the anthrapyrazoles and anthraisoxazoles. In a molecular docking study, the inhibitory potential against topoisomerase IIα bound to DNA (PDB ID: 6ZY6) binding proteins was observed that the oxygen and nitrogen atom combinational anthraisoxazoles (P6–P14) played a crucial role in the binding interactions.
Synthesis of Novel Porous Graphitic Carbon Xerogel‐Supported Uniform Platinum Nanoparticle for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Zihui , Wang Yiyang , Luo Qin , Wang Shenghan , Yi Yong
Published: January 2025

Carbon corrosion is the main reason of the limited activity of Pt‐based electrocatalysts during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). To address the above question, a novel porous graphitic carbon xerogel (PGCXG) was synthesized by one step high temperature annealing and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) modification. This PGCXG not only has a highly graphitized structure (ID/IG = 0.638) but also has abundant pores on the surface (SBET = 568 m2 g−1). Furthermore, according to the IR spectrum and XPS spectrum analysis, H2O2 treatment enriched the types of oxygen groups on the surface of CXG. The PGCXG was used as the support material to prepare a Pt‐based catalyst with ultrasmall platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs ∼2 nm) using the polyol method. As a result, the as‐prepared Pt@PGCXG exhibited a large electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) that is 75.7 m2 gPt−1, and the ECSA remains 80.7% after 5000 cycles of accelerated durability testing (ADT) in the high voltage range (1–1.5 V versus RHE) that is better than commercial Pt/C (TKK). The mass activities (MA) of Pt@PGCXG is 250.9 A gPt−1, which is 2 times that of MA (112.6 A gPt−1) of commercial Pt/C.
Unravelling the Epitaxial Growth Mechanism of Hexagonal and Nanoporous Boron Nitride: A First‐Principles Microkinetic Model
Authors: Payne Anthony J. R. , Jr Neubi F. Xavier , Tamtögl Anton , Sacchi Marco
Published: January 2025

Understanding the chemical and physical mechanisms at play in 2D materials growth is critical for effective process development of methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as a toolbox for processing more complex nanostructures and 2D materials. A combination of density functional theory and microkinetic modeling is employed to comprehensively investigate the reaction mechanism governing the epitaxial growth of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) on Ru(0001) from borazine. This analysis encompasses four key stages prior to the formation of the complete hBN overlayer: (i) adsorption, diffusion and deprotonation of borazine, (ii) dimerization and microkinetic modeling (iii) stability of larger borazine polymers and (iv) formation of nanoporous intermediates. In doing so, the exact deprotonation sequence is followed for the first time, illustrating its crucial role for the formation of nanostructures. These findings not only provide insights into the epitaxial growth of hBN and the stability of intermediate overlayers, which are strongly dependent on surface temperature and the amount of precursor exposures, they offer also crucial guidance for producing high‐quality hBN monolayers with regular patterns or functionalisation. Importantly, these results align with experimental data and provide a detailed model which explains temperature‐dependent, in‐situ surface measurements during hBN growth on Ru and other substrates.
Enhancing the Performance of Hole‐Conductor‐Free Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells through Polyaniline‐Mediated Iodine Recycling and Defect Passivation
Authors: Xie Jiayu , Liu Jiale , Ma Yongming , Xiang Junwei , Wang Xiaoru , Gao Qiaojiao , Chen Long , Lin Ziheng , Shi Yuan , Zhou Yang , Ming Yue , Mei Anyi , Han Hongwei
Published: January 2025

Printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p‐MPSCs) provide an opportunity for low‐cost manufacturing of photovoltaics. However, the performance of p‐MPSCs is severely compromised by iodine defects. This study presents a strategy by incorporating polyaniline (PANI) to achieve both iodine recycling and iodine defect passivation to significantly improve the performance of p‐MPSCs. PANI captures and immobilizes iodine ions, establishing a stable iodine recycling system that effectively suppresses iodine loss. Additionally, the Lewis base properties of PANI enable it to passivate iodine defects within the perovskite and suppress nonradiative recombination. With the synergistic effects, PANI increases the power conversion efficiency of the champion device from 18.28% to 20.24%. This strategy offers a potential solution for enhancing the performance of p‐MPSCs with promising implications for practical applications.
Group IV Bimetallic MOFs Engineering Enhanced Metabolic Profiles Co‐Predict Liposarcoma Recognition and Classification
Authors: Zhang Heyuhan , Tao Ping , Tong Hanxing , Zhang Yong , Sun Nianrong , Deng Chunhui
Published: January 2025

The rarity and heterogeneity of liposarcomas (LPS) pose significant challenges in their diagnosis and management. In this work, a series of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) engineering is designed and implemented. Through comprehensive characterization and performance evaluations, such as stability, thermal‐driven desorption efficiency, as well as energy‐ and charge‐transfer capacity, the engineering of group IV bimetallic MOFs emerges as particularly noteworthy. This is especially true for their derivative products, which exhibit superior performance across a range of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) performance tests, including those involving practical sample assessments. The top‐performing product is utilized to enable high‐throughput recording of LPS metabolic fingerprints (PMFs) within seconds using LDI MS. With machine learning on PMFs, both the LPSrecognizer and LPSclassifier are developed, achieving accurate recognition and classification of LPS with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.900–1.000. Simplified versions are also developed of the LPSrecognizer and LPSclassifier by screening metabolic biomarker panels, achieving considerable predictive performance, and conducting basic pathway exploration. The work highlights the MOFs engineering for the matrix design and their potential application in developing metabolic analysis and screening tools for rare diseases in clinical settings.
Recent Advances in Current Collectors for Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries
Authors: Li Hao , Li Le , Liu Wanxin , Jia Shaofeng , Yue Shi , Yang Yuanyuan , Wang Conghui , Tan Chao , Zhang Dan
Published: January 2025

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising options for large‐scale electrical energy storage because of their safety, affordability, and environmental friendliness. As an indispensable component of AZIBs, a current collector plays a crucial role in supporting electrode materials and collecting the accumulated electrical energy. Recently, some progress has been made in the study of current collectors for AZIBs; however, only few comprehensive reviews on this topic are available. In this review, the systematic summary and discussion of research progress on current collectors for AZIBs is presented. Furthermore, the main challenges and key prospects for the future development of current collectors for AZIBs are discussed.
Work Engineering for Sustainability: Required Education in Engineering
Authors: Gemma Sandra F. B. , Braatz Daniel , Rocha Raoni , de Lima Flávia T.
Published: January 2025

Recent research shows that there is a significant lack of subjects related to the area we call ‘work engineering’ in undergraduate engineering courses in Brazil. The organization of work and the challenges posed by production models directly impact the health and safety of workers and indirectly affect society. It is argued that ergonomics, as a scientific discipline and professional practice, can serve as a means for engineering to analyze and understand the variability present in the occupational environment. The objective here is to discuss work from a critical perspective and its central role in society and in the constitution of health, aiming to position it as a protagonist in the training of engineers, as well as to debate the need to integrate different fields and knowledge proposed by ‘engineering’. of work’. Finally, it discusses the importance of designing work situations in the context of engineering, highlighting how it can be a vector for transforming productive situations, enabling safe, healthy and efficient environments. In this sense, the expanded concept of ‘work engineering’ can contribute to social sustainability, laying the foundations for the construction of human relationships and more dignified work environments (SDG8, UN Agenda 2030).
Product-Production-CoDesign Thinking for Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: May Marvin Carl , Schäfer Louis , Lachnit Tobias , Lanza Gisela
Published: January 2025

Manufacturing needs to contribute towards a sustainable future for the sake of preserving and enriching humanity on planet earth. This goal is enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SGD) set forth by the United Nations. SGD 9 aims at building a resilient, innovative and sustainable industrialization. SGD 12 ensures sustainable consumption and production patterns. Currently, manufacturing falls short of achieving these targets as product design and production engineering operate individually and sustainable practices are not focused. This industrial problem is reflected in the absence of holistic approaches that aim at sustainable production by providing applicable methods. To address this challenge, we propose Product-Production-CoDesign (PPCD) Thinking. With a clear focus on sustainability we delineate PPCD Thinking from Design Thinking and extend the notion towards manufacturing. It encompasses linear manufacturing (SGD 9) and circular production (SGD 12). Four case studies illustrate this software defined production enable PPCD Thinking and its customizability. In a nutshell, Product-Production-CoDesign Thinking, thus, can contribute to moving towards sustainable manufacturing and net zero.
Life Cycle and Cost Assessment of CO2 Assisted Hard Turning of AISI 52100 in Comparison to Conventional Cooling Techniques
Authors: Llanos Iñigo , Urresti Iker , Bilbatua David , Zelaieta Oier
Published: January 2025

The use of cryogenic CO2 as a cutting fluid is a promising sustainable manufacturing technology capable of substituting oil-based emulsions during hard turning, showing a significant potential for both productivity improvement and environmental impact reduction. While previous works have focused on the assessment of the technical impact of the cryogenic CO2 on the process and quality performance, the present paper faces the evaluation of both the environmental and economic impact of this manufacturing technique. By the application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and Return-on-Investment (ROI) calculations for different manufacturing scenarios, the environmental and economic performance of the cryogenic CO2 cooling technique is evaluated in comparison to conventional cooling. Results indicate that the application of the cryogenic cooling can be successful depending on the manufacturing scenario. The performed analysis shows the possibility to identify the cases where the use of cryogenic CO2 would outperform conventional cooling strategies, proving a valuable methodology for minimizing the environmental impact and ensuring the cost effectiveness during the design phase of industrial turn-key projects for hard-turning operations.
Digital Product Passports for Light Electric Vehicles
Authors: Boßung Nora , Severengiz Semih
Published: January 2025

Rapid population growth and urbanization pose significant challenges to transportation systems and vehicle technology. Expansion of the existing routes alone is inadequate to tackle the problem. To address environmental and health concerns, sustainable structures are necessary. This has led to a growing demand for Light Electric Vehicles (LEVs), which include electrically powered “micromobility.” The Digital Product Passport (DPP), first researched in electric vehicle batteries, has potential for broader sustainable usage. This concept digitizes product life cycles, improves supply chain transparency, and aids in material recycling in line with green and digital transformation objectives. This study addresses the absence of complete DPP discussions in the electric mobility field. It combines academic insights with feedback from LEV value chain stakeholders, addressing diverse information needs and opportunities. In assessing the DPP's launch, it centers on criteria such as lessening environmental impact, adhering to regulations, and establishing a circular economy. The outcome is a comprehensive DPP framework for LEVs that outlines crucial details for sustainable and circular value chains. This versatile concept has numerous applications, sparking debates about the potential and implementation of DPPs, especially with regards to current product policies.
Planning Multiproduct Assembly Lines Through a Continuous-Time Model Accounting for Carbon Footprint
Authors: Camussi Nélida B. , Cafaro Diego C.
Published: January 2025

This work presents an efficient mathematical formulation for the optimal planning of multiproduct assembly lines. The aim is to establish a cyclic production agenda that minimizes the sum of inventory holding and transition costs per unit time. Besides, carbon footprint of assembled products is tracked along the line while optimally determining task times and operating modes. Batch sizing and sequencing in synchronous assembly lines have been typically addressed through discrete-time approaches that imply significant computational burden. In contrast, our novel representation resembles continuous-time pipeline scheduling models that permit to obtain optimal solutions in reasonable times. Results show the capabilities of the optimization approach to solve large instances of the problem, also demonstrating how task times and operating modes can be handled to reduce carbon footprint with no loss of productivity.
Combined Evaluation of Digitalization and Sustainability Maturity of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Authors: Münnich Marc , Schönfelder Annabell , Stange Maximilian , Süße Marian , Ihlenfeldt Steffen
Published: January 2025

Sustainability and digitalization are of high importance for companies to stay competitive and cope with market requirements from internal and external stakeholders. Especially the current changes in reporting standards and frameworks increase pressure to quickly adapt internal processes and acquire the relevant data. In this context, Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is discussed to enable companies to also foster sustainability. But many small and medium sized enterprises (SME) lack of experience and capacity and need support from experienced partners to develop suitable strategies and implement technologies. Appropriate support comprises general guidance through these domains and an evaluation of current and desired state of expertise to choose suitable actions. Maturity models (MM) are well-established to initiate and support the transformation of corporate structures. There are many models available that support digital and sustainable transformation, but almost no models are available that include both dimensions what results in decoupled developments in these domains. Hence, this contribution introduces a combined model for both domains and systematically describes the extension of an existing digitalization MM (DMM) that also considers rebound effects. The MM is tested within an industrial context use case. The results are evaluated and discussed for further development of the model and workflow.
Multi-stage and Multi-technology Forming of Paper for Sustainable Packaging
Authors: Jessen Nicola , Groche Peter
Published: January 2025

Forming of paperboard enables great design freedom, high productivity and sustainable packaging solutions. The limiting factor in forming processes is the low ductility of the natural fiber material. Not only does this often lead to unwanted cracks, but also to an insufficient control of wrinkle formation. Compared to packaging manufactured from plastics, visual deficiencies have been unavoidable so far. In order to extend the process limits and improve the product appearance, two-stage processes as well as the combination of different forming methods are promising process routes and are therefore discussed in this paper. So far, research in paperboard forming has mainly focused on forming with rigid tools. Recently, forming with active-media is gaining interest. Investigations of process combinations of active-media based forming followed by deep drawing show that both maximum forming depth as well as the wrinkle compression are enhanced. In order to explain the findings scientifically and to develop a numerical model, the materials used have been characterized. Subsequent investigations were carried out numerically and validated experimentally using optical analysis methods. The findings open up new approaches in design and process planning for sustainable, formed packaging.
Method to Simulate the Dynamic Behavior of Micro Ball End Mills
Authors: Globisch Steffen , Friedrich Markus , Döpper Frank
Published: January 2025

Instable process behaviour is one of the biggest challenges in micromilling and has a significant impact on tool wear. This leads to reduced workpiece quality and higher scrap. Therefore, it increases the resource and energy consumption. This paper presents a new simulation method and uses the example of a micro ball end mill for machining X37CrMoV5-1 to show how tool deflection and process forces can be determined as a function of individual process parameters and how optimal process kinematics can be achieved. For this purpose, the individual modelling steps are presented and it is explicitly shown how the necessary characteristic values for the simulation can be determined experimentally.
Feasibility Analysis of Carbide Broaching Tools in the Machining of Inconel 718
Authors: Sastoque-Pinilla Leonardo , del Olmo Ander , Tapia Endika , López-Novoa Unai , de Lacalle Luis Norberto López
Published: January 2025

Broaching is a highly efficient process for producing high-quality parts with precise dimensions. However, process efficiency alone does not guarantee sustainability. To address this, several key factors need to be considered, including process parameters, machine configuration, material and design of the workpiece, and tool characteristics. Several studies have focused on investigating the sustainability of the broaching process and its environmental impact, but the broaching tool has been less studied, even though it determines the geometric and sur-face quality of the broached grooves. To address this gap in the literature, this study compares the performance of three carbide tools for broaching Inconel 718 under identical machining conditions. The aim is to evaluate the selection of tools that align with the machine and workpiece material conditions to maintain a highly efficient process while improving process sustainability.
Sustainable Cutting Fluid Usage in Bandsawing of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel: Surface Integrity Evaluation
Authors: Wolters Kevin , Abdullah Mohammad Sayem Bin , Rangasamy Nithin , Caudill James , Rakurty C. S. , Jawahir I. S.
Published: January 2025

Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) components often require postprocessing for end applications. Bandsawing is an alternative process established in industry to remove parts from the build plate in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The removal of WAAM components from the build plate by bandsawing shows high potential, especially in the sustainable manufacturing of large-scale MAM parts. This work aims to study the influence of cooling conditions on the surface integrity of band sawed WAAM and conventionally manufactured 316L stainless steel. Sustainable cutting fluid strategies could impact surface integrity and their effectiveness in bandsawing MAM parts. The investigated cooling strategies are compressed air, minimum quantity cooling (MQC), and flood cooling. The surface integrity metrics of the band-sawed surfaces have been evaluated. The work aims to gain a deeper understanding of bandsawing AM components for industrial applications. Overall, the sustainable cutting fluid solution, MQC, has a similar effect on the surface roughness, microstructure, and cutting forces, compared to flood cooling.
Improving Chip Curling with Reduced Amount of Cutting Fluid in Circular Sawing with Internal Coolant Supply
Authors: Menze Christian , Stegmann Jan , Kabelac Stephan , Möhring Hans-Christian
Published: January 2025

Circular sawing is an important intermediate step in industrial production. Due to the increasing demand for high-performance materials such as titanium alloys, efficient manufacturing for such difficult-to-machine materials is becoming more and more important. Traditionally, large quantities of cutting fluid are supplied to the sawing process by means of flood lubrication. However, the application of cutting fluids is expensive and energy-intensive. Additionally, cutting fluids pollute the environment and are harmful to health. The aim should therefore be to develop resource-saving machining processes and to reduce the need for cutting fluids in a sustainable manner. During sawing, a saw kerf is created which makes it difficult to supply the cutting process with cutting fluid. Chip formation plays an important role in the circular sawing process. This paper shows that by using a transparent kerf, the chip deformation can be studied and evaluated using a high-speed camera. By investigating the chip diameter from the camera recordings, the filling of the saw tooth gullet can be evaluated. As main result of the investigation an internal coolant supply in circular sawing can reduce the volume flow by 50% and improve the chip deformation process at the same time. This allows a sustainable and resource-efficient design of sawing processes.
Effects of Drill Point Geometry on Cutting Forces and Torque When Drilling AA1050
Authors: Simoncelli A. , Buglioni L. , Abate G. , Gayol P. , Sánchez Egea A. J. , Martínez Krahmer D.
Published: January 2025

Reducing energy consumption in drilling operations is crucial for achieving sustainability goals. A study examined 36 drill bits with different geometries and conditions on AA1050. It assessed thrust forces and torque in two machining conditions (Cmin and Cmax) while considering mesh density, tool geometry, and boundary conditions. The results show that finer mesh models exhibit lower thrust forces, while mass scaling primarily influences torque. The pilot hole configuration decreases force, consistent with experiments. Torque decreases by increasing mesh density, matching with the experimental results. Finally, temperature and chip shape are mesh-dependent, affecting torque and force. As a result, our FEM model effectively predicted thrust force and torque, emphasizing the role of the pilot hole configuration in temperature and plastic strain results.
Sustainable Dry Turning of Aluminum Alloys Using Pulsed High-Pressure Cryogenic Jet Cooling
Authors: Selzam Jan Harald , Enslein Niklas , Gross Daniel , Hanenkamp Nico
Published: January 2025

As well as producing contamination-free parts, dry machining is a sustainable alternative to conventional machining processes using metalworking fluids. Despite these benefits, chip breaking and chip removal are challenges in dry machining processes, particularly when turning ductile materials, which are known for continuous chip formation and therefore long chips. Due to their tendency to become entangled around machine components, these chips have to be removed manually, posing a risk to productivity and operator health. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of pulsed high-pressure emulsion cooling for chip breaking. This paper aims to transfer these findings to sustainable dry machining and investigates the influence of pulsed high-pressure cryogenic jet cooling on chip breaking and chip removal. Therefore, liquid CO2 at pressures up to 200 bar is used as a cooling medium in turning processes of two aluminum alloys and is applied continuously or pulsed to the machining area. It has been shown that high-pressure cryogenic jet cooling improves chip breaking and chip removal, allowing a wider range of cutting parameters, widening the process window and providing a higher level of sustainability, productivity and safety in dry machining.
Challenges of Low-Carbon Transition of Manufacturing Industry in Developing Countries and Research on the Construction of Green Manufacturing System in China
Authors: Song Yizhi , Yang Benxiao , Liu Xiaqing , Zhang Jianhua , Li Frida , Tong Xinyi , Feldman Jerome
Published: January 2025

Resource and environmental issues are common challenges faced by mankind, and it is a common choice for global economies to promote green growth and implement a new green deal. Based on the current situation that developing countries are in the stage of high input, high consumption and high emission development, this paper analyzes the challenges of resource and energy efficiency, technology, and environmental impacts, and takes China as an example to study and analyze the background of the establishment of the green manufacturing system, the overall strategic framework and implementation strategy, as well as the effectiveness of the current stage. This can provide a reference model for industrial green low-carbon transition and sustainable manufacturing.
Development of a Pre-treatment Process for EPS-ETICS to Enable a Solvent-Based Recycling
Authors: Lumetzberger Sebastian , Lehner Andreas , Möllnitz Selina , Peer Gernot , Keckeis Stephan , Huisman Roy , Kasinger Laura , Schlund Sebastian
Published: January 2025

Large quantities of HBCD-containing Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) had been used in External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) from the 1970s until the flame retardant HBCD was banned in 2016 for being a persistent organic pollutant (POP). According to the Basel Convention, a solvent-based process is the best available technology for POP-containing waste. Such processes are subject to an impurity limit, thus requiring a pre-treatment of the input material. Therefore, a sequence of comminution and sorting technologies was designed and tested with real-life ETICS demolition waste. Three specimens were used as input material. Following an initial analysis, the demolition waste was comminuted, examined, and a sorting technology was selected. The resulting material fractions were weighted and analysed. The lightweight fraction (target: sole EPS) was additionally tested for its purity. The designed process achieved an efficient material disintegration and separation resulting in a purity of the lightweight fraction of up to 93 wt-%. This result represents a major step towards the circularity of EPS via solvent-based recycling.
Spaceship Earth: A Sustainable Manufacturing Game
Authors: Paliwal Shivangi , Gannon Patrick , Lauricella Ethan , Riddett Kyle E. , Badurdeen Fazleena , Elam Anthony
Published: January 2025

Developing an educational game about sustainable manufacturing can be an effective way to teach people about the importance of sustainable practices in the manufacturing industry. Through educational sustainable manufacturing games, users can learn about the impact of sustainable manufacturing on the environment, along with strategies and techniques that can be used to reduce waste and methods of sustainable production. A minimal number of articles have focused on board game development for sustainable manufacturing, and of the few, most focused on educational simulation of machines/systems, catering to specific profession. This paper chronicles the creation of “Spaceship Earth,” a sustainable manufacturing board game from game design to testing. It explores the entire process of developing an educational game, from game theory to final testing. The game incorporates various elements such as resource management, decision-making, and problem-solving to simulate the real-world challenges faced by manufacturers when implementing sustainable practices. By examining the design of educational games, this paper aims to gain insight into the constraints of engineering education gamification through development of a board game. The paper demonstrates the potential of educational games as a means of promoting sustainability and provides useful framework for designing and developing similar games in the future.
Entanglement dynamics in 2d HCFTs on the curved background: the case of q-Möbius Hamiltonian
Authors: Bai Chen , Miyata Akihiro , Nozaki Masahiro
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We will explore the dynamical property of non-equilibrium phenomena induced by two-dimensional holographic conformal field theory (2d holographic CFT) Hamiltonian on the curved spacetime by studying the time dependence of the entanglement entropy and mutual information. Here, holographic CFT is the CFT having the gravity dual. We will start from the boundary and thermofield double states, evolve the systems in Euclidean time with the Hamiltonian on the curved background, and then evolve them in real-time with the same Hamiltonian. We found that the early- and late-time entanglement structure depends on the curved background, while the entanglement growth does not, and is linear. Furthermore, in the gravity dual for the thermofield double state, this entanglement growth is due to the linear growth of the wormhole, while in the one for the boundary state, it is due to the in-falling of the end of the world brane to the black hole. We discussed the low temperature system can be regarded as the dynamical system induced by the multi-joining quenches. We also discussed the effective description of the high temperature system, called line tension picture.
NuFit-6.0: updated global analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillations
Authors: Esteban Ivan , Gonzalez-Garcia M. C. , Maltoni Michele , Martinez-Soler Ivan , Pinheiro João Paulo , Schwetz Thomas
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We present an updated global analysis of neutrino oscillation data as of September 2024. The parameters θ12, θ13, $$ \Delta {m}_{21}^2 $$
∆

m
21
2

, and $$ \mid \Delta {m}_{3\ell}^2\mid $$
∣
∆

m

3
ℓ

2

∣
(ℓ = 1, 2) are well-determined with relative precision at 3σ of about 13%, 8%, 15%, and 6%, respectively. The third mixing angle θ23 still suffers from the octant ambiguity, with no clear indication of whether it is larger or smaller than 45°. The determination of the leptonic CP phase δCP depends on the neutrino mass ordering: for normal ordering the global fit is consistent with CP conservation within 1σ, whereas for inverted ordering CP-violating values of δCP around 270° are favored against CP conservation at more than 3.6σ. While the present data has in principle 2.5–3σ sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering, there are different tendencies in the global data that reduce the discrimination power: T2K and NOvA appearance data individually favor normal ordering, but they are more consistent with each other for inverted ordering. Conversely, the joint determination of $$ \mid \Delta {m}_{3\ell}^2\mid $$
∣
∆

m

3
ℓ

2

∣
from global disappearance data prefers normal ordering. Altogether, the global fit including long-baseline, reactor and IceCube atmospheric data results into an almost equally good fit for both orderings. Only when the χ2 table for atmospheric neutrino data from Super-Kamiokande is added to our χ2, the global fit prefers normal ordering with ∆χ2 = 6.1. We provide also updated ranges and correlations for the effective parameters sensitive to the absolute neutrino mass from β-decay, neutrinoless double-beta decay, and cosmology.
Singularities of local models
Authors: Fakhruddin Najmuddin , Haines Thomas , Lourenço João , Richarz Timo
Published: January 2025

We construct local models of Shimura varieties and investigate their singularities, with special emphasis on wildly ramified cases. More precisely, with the exception of odd unitary groups in residue characteristic 2 we construct local models, show reducedness of their special fiber, Cohen–Macaulayness and in equicharacteristic also (pseudo-)rationality. In mixed characteristic we conjecture their pseudo-rationality. This is based on the construction of parahoric group schemes over two dimensional bases for wildly ramified groups and an analysis of singularities of the attached Schubert varieties in positive characteristic using perfect geometry.
Predators in the Dark: Metabarcoding Reveals Arcellinida Communities Associated with Bat Guano, Endemic to Dinaric Karst in Croatia
Authors: García-Bodelón Ángel , Baković Najla , Cano Emilio , Useros Fernando , Lara Enrique , González-Miguéns Rubén
Published: January 2025

Karst caves, formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks, are characterized by the absence of photosynthetic activity and low levels of organic matter. Organisms evolve under these particular conditions, which causes high levels of endemic biodiversity in both macroorganism and microbes. Recent research has highlighted the presence of testate amoebae (Arcellinida) group in cave environments. This study investigates the diversity of Arcellinida in Dinaric karstic caves in Croatia, a global diversity hotspot, focusing on the influence of bat guano on community structure. Sediment samples were collected from two independent hydrosystems, and a metabarcoding approach was used to assess Arcellinida diversity at specific and intraspecific levels, using Arcellinid-specific primers to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) region. Results reveal a significant impact of guano on both specific and intraspecific diversity of Arcellinida. Communities in guano-rich sites displayed higher diversity, abundance, and the presence of unique OTUs and genetic variants not observed in other habitats, highlighting the crucial role of bats as ecosystem engineers. In contrast, sites without guano hosted communities with low abundance and reduced biodiversity. These differences suggest the existence of guano-associated Arcellinida communities. This study provides new insights into the biodiversity of subterranean ecosystems and the ecological roles of Arcellinida in karstic environments.