bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are the neurocognitive deficits associated with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine caused by statistical deficits in ecstasy research? A systematic review
Authors: Amoroso Timothy
Published: July 2018

There is growing concern that the majority of modern research may be comprised of false findings, which is partly attributed to unacceptable flexibility in data analyses. Here this issue is considered in the literature suggesting that MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) may be associated with neurocognitive deficits. Research suggests that increased exposure to ecstasy is associated with decreased performance on some neuropsychological tests. This claim is supported by the fact that “heavier” users often perform worse than “light” users on neurocognitive tests. However, most studies use different criteria for defining what is considered a “light” or “heavy” ecstasy user. Here the literature was systematically reviewed to compare the criteria used across studies which compare light and heavy ecstasy users. Out of the 19 studies reviewed nine unique points of dichotomization were found. In many cases, heavy users in one study would have been considered light users in another study and vice versa. Most studies ( n = 11) did not explain how or justify why a particular criterion was chosen. Only eight studies provided justifications for why they chose a particular criterion and the reasons were often misleading. There are many methodological issues which bring into question the validity of research suggesting MDMA is the cause of neurocognitive deficits. Methodologists have demonstrated that it is unacceptably easy for researchers to report significant findings where no relationship exists, which may have been the case in some studies reporting on the neurocognitive deficits found in ecstasy users.
What Really Matters to Change Recipients: Dimensions of Supervisors’ Change Communication
Authors: Helpap Sevda , Schinnenburg Heike
Published: July 2018

While the importance of supervisors’ communication for the successful implementation of organisational change is often emphasised, evidence regarding the actual dimensions of change communication and the reaction of change recipients is scarce. As communication is highly context and culture specific, this study included participants from Germany and India. To meet these research aims, we conducted focus group discussions (FGD) with overall 50 graduate students with work experiences from Germany and India. We identified key dimensions of informative, empathic and participatory change communication that are of high importance for change recipients. The German and Indian participants had similar expectations regarding the informative and empathic dimensions of change communication. However, interestingly, their assessment of the actual participation differed substantially, with consequences for their emotional responses. The findings emphasise the crucial role of supervisors’ communication for employees’ emotions in times of change. Supervisors thereby need to consider the diverse dimensions of their communication and stimulate employees’ expectations regarding information, empathy and participation with different communicative activities and approaches. This study provides important insights into organisational change communication by analysing its key dimensions, linking it to employees’ emotions and considering the cultural context.
Automation Solutions in Indian Small and Tiny Manufacturing Sector: Validating an Implementation Model
Authors: Joy Justin , Nambirajan T.
Published: July 2018

The small and tiny manufacturing sector in India have missed out on the many technological advancements in the automation solutions being offered in the manufacturing sector due to various impeding factors. The impeding factors include the high initial investment requirement and the high cost of implementation thus rendering the solutions unaffordable. The small and tiny manufacturing sector with its lower potential to tap into the scale economies find themselves constrained to reap the benefits of automation. The lack of technical ongoing support and training contributed by their exorbitance and inaccessibility adds to this impedance and deters the long-term sustenance of the solution. This article attempts to elucidate a remedy that partly resolves these impeding factors by assimilating the merits of an implementation model. The model was tested out in a few projects, one of which is elaborated here. The research methodology adopted is a mix of participatory action research and agile model of implementation. The authors were actively involved as drivers of this automation solution. The article validates and offers a remedy for scenarios where the mentioned factors are relevant. Conclusively, it underlines adherence to an implementation model for the project’s successful implementation and for the sustenance of such implementations.
University-Based Education and the Formation of Entrepreneurial Capabilities
Authors: Lee Younggeun , Kreiser Patrick M. , Wrede Alex H. , Kogelen Sanvisna
Published: July 2018

In this study, we examine the influence of university-based education on students’ entrepreneurial capabilities. While the prevalence of entrepreneurship education is dramatically increasing worldwide, the education that business and engineering students receive throughout their academic experience wields a direct influence on several entrepreneurial capabilities. The purpose of this study is to measure these educational influences on three specific entrepreneurial capabilities—networking skill, proactiveness, and self-confidence. Moreover, we aim to raise awareness for faculty and students in these various programs as they form networks and optimize the knowledge obtained throughout their education. We test the hypotheses using data collected from 927 university students. Advice for policy makers, university students, and their respective educational departments is further discussed.
Professional Care for Unwanted Same-Sex Attraction: What Does the Research Say?
Authors: Sutton Philip M.
Published: July 2018

In recent years, national and international medical and mental-health associations typically have emphasized the potential harmfulness of professional care for unwanted same-sex attraction (SSA or homosexuality) and behavior. State legislatures in the US and legislative bodies in other countries either have passed or are considering passing laws which would penalize professionals who provide professional care for unwanted SSA—to minors and/or adults—including the loss of the license to practice. This paper was written as a response to the present situation in the UK. The paper reviews the universal ethics of all medical and mental-health professionals to avoid harm and do good (non-maleficence/non-malfeasance and beneficence); discusses the documented potential for harm when using every mental-health treatment for every presenting problem; clarifies steps taken by the Alliance for Therapeutic Choice and Scientific Integrity (Alliance), its clinical and research divisions, the National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality Institute (NARTH Institute) and its international division, the International Federation for Therapeutic Choice (IFTC), to promote ethical professional care for unwanted SSA; clarifies the injustice and presumed ideological biases of the medical and mental-health associations’ warning about the potential for harm for psychotherapy only for unwanted SSA and not all psychotherapy approaches; and documents that the research purporting to show this harmfulness, in the research authors own words, does not do so. Recommendations to promote scientific integrity in the conduct and reporting of relevant research are offered.

Lay Summary: There has been a lot of controversy about the potential harmfulness of professional care for unwanted same-sex attraction and behavior (SSA or homosexuality). This paper reviews the ethics of all medical and mental health professionals to avoid harm and do good; discusses the known potential for harm when using any mental health treatment for any problem; clarifies steps taken to promote ethical professional care for unwanted SSA; notes the injustice and possible biases of those who warn about the potential for harm of psychotherapy for unwanted SSA; and documents that the research said to show this harmfulness, in the research authors′ own words, does not do so.
Clinical Utility of Rapid EGFR Genotyping in Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Dagogo-Jack Ibiayi , Azzolli Christopher G. , Fintelmann Florian , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Farago Anna F. , Gainor Justin F. , Jiang Ginger , Piotrowska Zofia , Heist Rebecca S. , Lennes Inga T. , Temel Jennifer S. , Mooradian Meghan J. , Lin Jessica J. , Digumarthy Subba R. , Batten Julie M. , Robinson Hayley , Nose Vania , Rivera Miguel , Nardi Valentina , Dias-Santagata Dora , Le Long P. , Sequist Lecia V. , Pitman Martha , Shepard Jo-Anne O. , Shaw Alice T. , Iafrate A. John , Lennerz Jochen K.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Targeted therapy is the cornerstone of treatment of advanced EGFR-mutant non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Next-generation sequencing (NGS), the preferred method for genotyping, typically requires several weeks. Here, we assessed workflows designed to rapidly identify patients with actionable EGFR mutations and reduce time to initiation (TTI) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–directed therapy.

Patients and Methods

We performed rapid testing for EGFR L858R mutations and exon 19 deletions on paraffin-embedded or frozen section biopsy specimens from newly diagnosed patients with metastatic NSCLC by using an EGFR-specific assay (rapid test). To determine clinical utility, we assessed concordance with NGS results, turnaround time, and TTI of EGFR therapy, and we evaluated reimbursement data.

Results

Between January 2015 and September 2017, we performed 243 rapid EGFR tests and identified EGFR mutations in 43 patients (18%). With NGS results as a reference, sensitivity and specificity of the rapid EGFR polymerase chain reaction assay were 98% and 100%, respectively. The median turnaround time for NGS was 14 days, compared with 7 days for rapid testing ( P < .001). In the rapid group, 95% of patients received an EGFR inhibitor in the first-line setting. The median TTI of EGFR therapy was significantly shorter in the rapid cohort when compared with 121 historical cases (22 v 37 days; P = .01). Escalation of the initiative into an interdisciplinary ultra-rapid next-day frozen-section workflow for highly symptomatic patients (n = 8) resulted in a reduction in the median (± standard deviation) turnaround time to 1 ± 0.4 days and allowed several patients to initiate therapy within 1 week of biopsy. An extended 9-month clinical evaluation phase confirmed operational sustainability (turnaround times: ultra-rapid, 0.81 ± 0.4 days; rapid, 3 ± 1.5 days), and a 63% reimbursement rate indicated financial sustainability.

Conclusion

Rapid genotyping facilitates earlier initiation of EGFR-directed therapies without compromising NGS workflows.
Matching with Moral Hazard: Assigning Attorneys to Poor Defendants
Authors: Shahdadi Behrang Kamali
Published: July 2018

We model the problem of assigning counsel to poor defendants as a matching problem. A novel aspect of this matching problem is the moral hazard component on the part of counsel. Within the model, we show that holding the total expenditure for counsel fixed and changing the matching procedure to accommodate defendants’ and attorneys’ preferences, i.e., switch from random matching to stable matching, defendants become worse off because a stable matching exacerbates the moral hazard problem on the part of counsel. In addition, we show that under suitable conditions random matching is the efficient way to allocate defendants to counsel. (JEL D82, D86, K41)
Contracts with Framing
Authors: Salant Yuval , Siegel Ron
Published: July 2018

We study a model of contracts in which a profit-maximizing seller uses framing to influence buyers’ purchasing behavior. Framing temporarily affects how buyers evaluate different products, and buyers can renege on their purchases after the framing effect wears off. We characterize the optimal contracts with framing and their welfare properties in several settings. Framing that is not too strong reduces total welfare in regulated markets with homogenous buyers, but increases total welfare in markets with heterogenous buyers when the proportion of buyers with low willingness to pay is small. (JEL D11, D82, D86)
ANÁLISE DA OCUPAÇÃO URBANA E DA PERCEPÇÃO DOS MORADORES FRENTE À INFRAESTRUTURA LOCAL NO LOTEAMENTO PARQUE MAMBUCABA EM ANGRA DOS REIS – RJ
Authors: Stumbo Filho Luiz Miguel , Pereira Eduardo Gustavo Soares , Richter Monika
Published: July 2018

A construção das Usinas Nucleares e a implantação da Rodovia Rio-Santos, constituem-se nos principais vetores de ocupação do distrito de Mambucaba, localizado ao sul do município de Angra dos Reis/RJ. A construção e operação das Usinas Angra I e IIatraíram grande quantidade de mão-de-obra, acarretando um crescimento acentuado da população. Em 1970, Mambucaba apresentava população de 880 habitantes, em boa parte rural, e atualmente mais de 17 mil, segundo o Censo de 2010 do IBGE. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise da ocupação urbana do loteamento Parque Mambucaba, o mais populoso do distrito, no período entre 2005 e 2016, considerando os conflitos de uso, tais como ocupação em área de preservação permanente e áreas sujeitas à inundações. Tambem foram levantados dados sobre a percepção dos moradores frente aos aspectos da infraestrutura local: unidades escolares e hospitalares, coletade lixo e transporte público. Os resultados apontam que, no total de 2573 lotes,107 ocupam as margens do rio Mambucaba, ou seja, inseridos na condição que deveria ser de preservação permanente, e 47,1% encontram-se em áreas sujeitas a inundação. Destaca-se ainda que no período de tempo analisado, houve um incremento em 19% de lotes totalmente ocupados. Quanto aos serviços básicos, somente a coleta de lixo apresentou resultado satisfatório em termos de percepção do morador.
UMA VIAGEM GEOGRÁFICA PELA LITERATURA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA COM UM CLUBE DO LIVRO NA GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR
Authors: Santos Leonardo Pinto dos
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo apresenta uma experiência de ensino de Geografia Escolar a partir da atividade de um clube do livro. Ela ocorreu no ano de 2017 em uma instituição de educação básica, com o objetivo de trabalhar com o conceito de Espaço Mentalmente Projetado (EMP), tendo sido implementada em caráter voluntário com estudantes do sexto ao nono ano dos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental. A ideia partiu do pressuposto de se potencializar a leitura da realidade a partir do debate entorno de obras literárias que apresentam como plano de fundo diferentes contextos do nosso Espaço Geográfico. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o contato com a Literatura auxilia na compreensão do Espaço Geográfico, além de melhorar o diálogo entre os atores envolvidos no processo de aprendizagem.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO PRONAF PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL: UMA ANÁLISE DOS SEUS EFEITOS E DESDOBRAMENTOS PARA OS ASSENTADOS RURAIS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE TEODORO SAMPAIO E CAIUÁ – SP
Authors: Carmo Jânio Gomes do , Clemente Evandro Cesar
Published: July 2018

O reconhecimento oficial dos agricultores familiares ocorreu somente nos anos 1990, com o lançamento do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF). A mobilização dos movimentos sociais foi crucial nisso. O programa possibilita acesso a recursos destinados ao custeio das safras e investimentos a juros acessíveis aos distintos beneficiários, garantindo o financiamento da produção e a estruturação dos lotes e, consequentemente, a ampliação da renda. Porém, verificou-se que os assentados recebem um montante bastante reduzido, pelo fato de não atenderem às exigências e garantias do sistema financeiro. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar os efeitos do PRONAF nos assentamentos rurais dos municípios de Caiuá e Teodoro Sampaio, que apresentam predomínio de assentados em suas respectivas populações rurais, averiguando se o acesso ao crédito tem promovido melhorias nas condições de vida dos assentados. Caiuá conta com sete assentamentos rurais e Teodoro Sampaio possui 21 assentamentos, ocupados por 1.407 famílias. De modo distinto dos agricultores familiares capitalizados, o volume destes recursos direcionados aos assentados é pequeno e estes enfrentam dificuldades para acessá-los, devido aos baixos rendimentos monetários obtidos nos lotes, à reduzida integração ao mercado e à baixa organização social.
A LEITURA DA PAISAGEM DA BAIXADA CAMPISTA: AS MATERIALIDADES E AS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS REMANESCENTES ENTRE A PASSAGEM DO PERÍODO COLONIAL E IMPERIAL
Authors: Conceição Raphael Neves
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma leitura da paisagem da área de estudo denominada Baixada Campista. Localizada no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, Norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, considera-se que este recorte espacial estudado possui objetos, topônimos e elementos simbólicos representativos e advindos de diferentes períodos históricos e por isso pode vir a ser reconhecida como uma paisagem cultural. A análise da paisagem recairá sobre os elementos constituintes que estão presentes na paisagem atual, que representam diferentes agentes sociais modeladores desta paisagem, em particular aqueles vinculados entre a passagem do período Colonial e Imperial. Desse modo, a abordagem teórica adotada, encontra-se fundamentada nos autores da corrente da Nova Geografia Cultural, com ênfase nos estudos de Denis Cosgrove e Serge Moscovici. A periodização construída a partir da leitura paisagem pode ser apresentada, sobretudo no período Colonial (XVIII) e Imperial (XIX).
Chronic wound care: synthetic and natural antimicrobials
Authors: Rajendran S
Published: July 2018

Older people are at a higher risk of developing chronic wounds, both because of a weakened immune system and because the cause of the wound (pressure, reduced blood supply) cannot be taken away. Subbiyan Rajendran advises on treatment.
Link between Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's established
Authors: Mendes Aysha , Palmer Sarah
Published: July 2018

Approximately two-thirds of people with Down's syndrome will develop early-onset Alzheimer's, but the exact cause for this high occurence is unknown. Aysha Mendes and Sarah Palmer describe a new study into potential genetic causes of Alzheimer's.
Managing and treating skin infections and infestations
Authors: Lawton Sandra
Published: July 2018

The chances of developing a skin condition increase with age, due to changes in the skin. Skin infections are often contagious and are easily spread in a care home setting. Sandra Lawton advises on treatment and management of a number of infections.
Do workers on sleep-in shifts require the minimum wage?
Authors: Evans Laura
Published: July 2018

Sleep-in shifts have traditionally not been seen as working time and therefore employers often do not pay staff the National Minimum Wage for them. Laura Evans explains how changes in the law could land a home into trouble for underpaying staff.
Monitoring employee activity: when is it appropriate?
Authors: Stevens Mark
Published: July 2018

There is a fine line between employers monitoring employee activity to protect their business and invading the employees' privacy. With the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation this has become a more pressing issue; Mark Stevens advises.
Heathlands Village care home: a first impression
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: July 2018

All care homes offer the best care possible to their residents, but some of them go the extra mile to provide their residents with something special. This month Adrian Ashurst visits Heathland Village in Greater Manchester, where he receives a tour of the grounds.
How to … protect your data and comply with GDPR
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: July 2018

Data protection and privacy are topics that are becoming ever more important, especially with the recent introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Adrian Ashurst offers suggestions on how to comply with the rules.
Contribution of a network of parliamentary committees of health to the ecosystem of evidence use in African parliaments
Authors: Oronje Rose N , Zulu Eliya M
Published: July 2018

Despite growing interest in evidence among parliamentarians and some emerging literature on evidence use in decision making in parliaments, there is still a notable gap in knowledge on the ecosystem of evidence in parliaments. This paper seeks to contribute to filling this gap by discussing the contribution of a loose regional network, the Network of African Parliamentary Committees on Health (NEAPACOH), to the evidence ecosystem in African parliaments. Although the network was not set up to strengthen evidence use, its mechanisms for realising its goal of strengthening parliamentary committees of health to effectively tackle health challenges in Africa provide an opportunity for understanding how such networks are contributing to strengthening the weak evidence ecosystem in African parliaments. The authors have been involved in the work of the network and therefore use this network for this study purposively. Data were gathered through document review and 34 in-depth interviews with parliamentarians, parliament staff and development partners. Results show that, in a context of weak institutional support and technical capacity to enable evidence use in African parliaments, the network’s activities respond to some of the key barriers hindering parliamentarians from using evidence, including: limited access to evidence, complexity of evidence, weak capacity to understand evidence, and weak/lacking linkages with researchers/experts. Apart from generating demand, providing evidence, building capacity for increased evidence use, and linking MPs and researchers/experts, the network creates a sense of competition among countries by requiring countries to make commitments and report progress against the commitments annually, which provide impetus for action.
Quantitative Analysis Method for Tencel G100 and Bamboo-Based Rayon Mixtures
Authors: Zhang Xiangli , Liu Jinrui , Gao Youjun , Zhao Sunin
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a quantitative analysis method for determining Tencel G100 (lyocell) fiber and bamboo-based rayon content, and that of their blends, using a formic acid/zinc chloride dissolution procedure. Sodium dodecyl sulfonate was used as the cleaning solution. A standard curve was generated to measure fiber content. The application of this method provided a means of quantifying two regenerated cellulosic fibers.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Endofit Pelarut Fosfat dan Penghasil Hidrogen Cyanide (HCN) dari Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L).
Authors: Wandita Ryan Hilda , Pujiyanto Sri , Suprihadi Agung , Hastuti Ratih Dewi
Published: July 2018

Onions (Allium cepa L.) is one of the leading horticultural commodities in Indonesia and is often used as seasoning and traditional medicine. Onion has a high economic value and fluctuating prices so that domestic onion production needs to be improved, one of them with a presence of endophytic bacteria that act as plant growth promoting agent or Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Endophytic bacteria isolated from the root, leaves, and bulbs. In this research has been tested endophytic bacteria of onion plants from Garut regency which has PGPB factors such as able to dissolve phosphate, and produce HCN. The results obtained 251 isolates of endophytic bacteria. Based on the characterization results, the superior isolates capable of dissolving phosphate with an average diameter of 0.45 cm is isolate II.B.1D.3, and 11 isolates capable of producing high HCN. These isolates can be used as PGPB agents so that they can be useful in increasing plant growth and onion production and biocontrol in suppressing pathogens. Keywords: PGPB, endophyte, onion, phosphate, HCN
Failure Analysis of the Corroded Water Wall Tube in a 50MW Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Yang Guohua , Gou Yuanbo , Liu Xinshi , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhang Tuo
Published: July 2018

High temperature corrosion of the water wall tube in a 50 MW thermal power plant was investigated which caused several boiler accidents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to observe the cross-sectional morphology of the tube and analyze the oxide scales. Results show that the boiler water and the coal quality did not meet the requirements. High temperature corrosion of water wall tubes was attributed to the using of coal which had a higher ash content and lower received lower heating value. Higher dissolved oxygen and incrustation in the boiler water caused serious corrosion at the inner surface of water wall tube, which led to the possibility of decarburization and degradation of the steel. Suitable coal blending and stability of the thermal load were the effective means to prevent the high temperature corrosion of the tube.
Xerei, der Errichter des Inschriftenpfeilers von Xanthos
Authors: Lotz Helmut
Published: July 2018

Eine Analyse der raumlichen Organisation der Inschriften des Inschriftenpfeilers ergibt, dass diese wesentlich regelmasiger einem Stoichedonraster folgen als bisher angenommen. Es lasst sich nachvollziehen, wie die Steinmetzen im Lauf ihrer Arbeit das Rastersystem immer besser an die Erfordernisse des ausergewohnlichen Inschriftentragers anzupassen versuchten. Besonders deutlich wird dies in der Einfugung zusatzlicher Rasterpositionen, um die Verbreiterung des Schaftes nach unten hin auszugleichen. Scheinbare Unregelmasigkeiten sind in Wirklichkeit absichtsvolle Abweichungen, durch die zum einen eine sprachkonforme Zeilentrennung (nach Silbengrenzen) realisiert und zum anderen auf Platzmangel reagiert wurde. Die Rekonstruktion des Stoichedonrasters speziell der Sudseite erlaubt eine eindeutige Bestimmung der Zeichenanzahl in der ersten Zeile. Hieraus ergibt sich eine Entscheidung in der lange diskutierten Frage nach dem Errichter des Monuments: Es kommt nur der xanthische Dynast Xerẽ i in Frage. Anhand der genealogischen Passagen der lykischen Prosainschrift lasst sich dessen Stellung innerhalb der Dynastie von Xanthos als Sohn Arppaχus, Enkel Kuprllis und jungerer Bruder Xerigas bestimmen. Der durch den historischen Bericht des Inschriftenpfeilers abgedeckte Zeitraum von 430/429 bis 412/411 durfte im Wesentlichen der Regierungszeit Xerẽ is entsprechen
Avatar, Tar Sands, and Dad
Authors: Sutton Timothy
Published: July 2018

This is an (auto)ethnographic performance inspired by a conversation with my father while leaving the theater after watching Avatar back in 2009. It is intended to be performed as readers’ theater. In it, I examine the role anthropology plays in the performance of imperialist nostalgia across the stories of James Cameron's film Avatar, Ursula K. Le Guin's novella The Word for World Is Forest, and Theodora Kroeber's Ishi in Two Worlds: A Biography of the Last Wild Indian in North America. I see a performance of alternative possibilities in Le Guin's utopian speculative fiction and in recent Indigenous-led activism opposing megaresource extraction projects such as Alberta's tar sands and the pipelines that snake out from it.
Carbon Tax Perspectives in Ukraine: Legal Regulation and Comparison of the National and European Experience of Implementation
Authors: Romanko Svitlana
Published: July 2018

Environmental tax in general is one of the state's instruments in environmental protection and financing of the environmental protection measures. The purpose of the tax is to encourage business entities to reduce emissions / discharges of pollutants into the air / water bodies, to establish direct dependence of the amount of tax deductions on the degree of negative impact on the environment, mobilization of funds to budgets of different levels in order to finance the costs of protection and rational use of natural resources. This article examines and compares with Ukraine and EU countries the experience, rates and background policies of the carbon taxation. The carbon tax as an environmental tax with a significant effect on economic and legal incentives for business entities and state authorities to fulfill the policy of energy efficiency, energy saving and energy transition to renewable energy sources what is coincided with the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and achievement of National Determined Contributions according to the Paris Agreement and Kyoto Protocol. The main issue is that rate of carbon tax, used nowadays in Ukraine is not being sufficient to provide the energy transition of country economy to the less consuming model according the examples from Germany, Netherlands, Finland and other countries of Europe. Interconnected linkage between carbon tax, energy and climate policy is proven in the article along with mechanisms of economic, political and environmental peculiarities and benefits of the carbon taxation regulation improvement in national legislation
Climate Change as a Threat to Environmental Safety: International Legal Regulation
Authors: Sharaievska Tetiana
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the study of international legal regulation of environmental safety with regard to climate change. It is established that indicated problem is common to the entire mankind and requires effective and advancing response and determines the need to replenish national legislation with international and European ecologico-legal models for regulation of environmental relations. It is analysed that modern development of legislation of Ukraine in the field of environmental safety should be carried out considering the processes of globalization. The conclusion is drawn that deepening of cooperation between the countries worldwide for overcoming the negative impact of climate change on mankind and environment as a whole assumes important significance.
Coping with Forest and Land Fire Regulatory Challenges in Indonesia: an Assessment to the Regulatory Enforcement
Authors: Isna Fatimah
Published: July 2018

The uncontrolled expansion of plantation activities within peatland areas is one of the major trigger causing forest and/or land fire (Fire) in Indonesia. To deal with such problems including other influencing variables such as land use management, Indonesian law provides various options of regulatory instrument. The law indicates strong message that the Fire must be stopped, reflected through stipulations on regulatory instruments including command and control type of regulation (direct regulation) and alternative approaches to hold compliance. After exacerbate Fire in 2015, many protests from the people, neighborhood countries and broader international parties encouraged Indonesian government to be more active in conducting regulatory enforcement of some regulatory instruments. Some of the examples are the imposed administrative sanction and lawsuit against companies within 2015 to 2017. However, the regulatory enforcement has not been assessed as to whether it has obtained significant improvement to stop Fire. This paper attempt to assess whether regulatory enforcement on selected Fire cases has met the regulatory objective particularly to stop the Fire. This research finds that output of the applied enforcement for violation on Fire provisions remains incoherent with the regulatory objective while the strategy of enforcement is not well-systemized.
Prevention of Industrial Accidents in the EU Legislation
Authors: Materniak Dariusz
Published: July 2018

The development of civilization and technology is associated with the growing risks to the natural environment, primarily from the risks posed by industrial plants that use hazardous substances or production processes in process of production. The experience of the last few decades shows that such failures cause serious damage to the environment and material or human losses. To prevent such accidents and limit their possible consequences, legal regulations known as Seveso Directives have been developed within the European Union. They were adopted also in Poland as a EU member
European Sovereignty and Sustainable Development: Disenchanted Analysis of a Clear-Obscure Political Speech
Authors: Hervé-Fournereau Nathalie
Published: July 2018

This article demonstrates the new innovative approach to the significant legal and political correlations and is been written in the form of Presidential political speech analysis, which foresees the deep synthesis and knowledge of legislative provisions, reflections on national sovereignty, ecological transition, climate change and European Union legislation.
China’s National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals: from the Perspective of National Performance of Multilateral Environmental Agreements
Authors: Tianbao Qin , Fang Hou
Published: July 2018

In terms of the implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements, the implementation of the agreements has gradually shifted from the institutional construction of the international level to the implementation of the national level. Since the Millennium Development Goals did not reach the goal of sustainable development in the year of 2015, 2030 Sustainable Development Goals had drew the lessons, put forward the goals of economic, social and environmental, and required all countries to provide their own country’s plan. As the largest developing country, China plays a decisive role in the international environmental governance. At home, China has formulated the domestic environmental governance norms for the implementation of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and established an inter ministerial coordination mechanism for implementing the Sustainable Development Agenda composed of 43 government departments. China is also actively participating in international environmental governance, participating and promoting the conclusion and effectiveness of treaties on environmental protection at the international and regional levels, earnestly implementing and helping other countries to implement treaties, and expanding the global partnership through various formal and informal meetings and other channels.
Legislative Regulation of the Production of Organic Agricultural Products in Ukraine
Authors: Bahai Nadiia
Published: July 2018

The article analyzes the legislation on the production of organic agricultural products in Ukraine. Legal acts regulating the relationships in the sphere of production and circulation of organic agricultural products (raw materials) are analyzed. The main scientific approaches to the further development of national legislation on the production of organic agricultural products are investigated. The article formulates the suggestions on the improvement of legal regulation of organic production in Ukraine as well as on the adaptation of Ukrainian legislation on the production of organic agricultural products (raw materials) to the EU legislation.
The Important Thermal Characteristics of Matter and Their Computations with the Use of the Gibbs Potentials
Authors: Budzhak Y. S. , Wacławski T.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, the important thermal characteristics of matter  (they describe thermodynamic systems in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium) were calculated.  There are the following  important thermodynamic functions:   the system   internal energy ,  the thermal function (or enthalpy)   the  free  Helmholtz energy, the thermo-dynamic potential  (or Gibbs free energy), the Gibbs grand thermodynamic potential , the entropy ,  the specific heat capacity . These functions are explicit functions of system’s parameters, they fulfil some mathe-matical relationships  and posses   some total differentials. These  functions  are calculated  in this paper and their physical sense is given in the cited works.
Isothermal section of the Ho–Cu–Sn ternary system at 670 K
Authors: Romaka L. , Romaniv I. , Romaka V. , Konyk M. , Horyn A. , Stadnyk Yu.
Published: July 2018

The interaction of the components in the Ho-Cu-Sn ternary system was investigated at 670 K over the whole concentration range using X-ray diffraction and EPM analyses. Four ternary compounds were formed in the Ho–Cu–Sn system at 670 K: HoCuSn (LiGaGe type, space group P63mc), Ho3Cu4Sn4 (Gd3Cu4Ge4-type, space group Immm), HoCu5Sn (CeCu5Au-type, space group Pnma), and Ho1.9Cu9.2Sn2.8 (Dy1.9Cu9.2Sn2.8-type, space group P63/mmc). The formation of the interstitial solid solution based on HoSn2 (ZrSi2-type) binary compound up to 5 at. % Cu was found.
Investigation of structural, thermodynamic and energy state characteristics of the ZrNi1-xRhxSn solid solution
Authors: Romaka L.P. , Stadnyk Yu.V. , Romaka V.V. , Rogl P.-F. , Romaka V.A. , Horyn A.M.
Published: July 2018

The peculiarities of crystal and electronic structures, thermodynamic and energy state characteristics of the ZrNi1-xRhxSn semiconductive solid solution were investigated. It has been shown that in the ZrNiSn compound simultaneously exist two types of structural defects of the donor nature which generate two donor bands with different ionization energy in the band gap: a) the donor band ɛD1, formed as a result of a partial, up to ~ 1%, occupation of 4a position of Zr atoms by Ni atoms (mechanism of “a priori doping”) and deep donor band ɛD2, formed as a result of partial occupation of the tetrahedral voids by Ni atoms (Vac). The substitution in 4c position of the Ni atoms by Rh ones in ZrNi1-xRhxSn generates structural defects of acceptor nature and creates an impurity acceptor band ɛA in the band gap, which, in addition to the existence of ɛD1 та ɛD2 donor bands, makes semiconductor highly doped and strongly compensated. The obtained results allow to understand the mechanisms of electrical conductivity of thermoelectric materials based on n-ZrNiSn and the ways of conscious optimization of their characteristics for obtaining the maximum efficiency of conversion of thermal energy into electric.
Peculiarities of Forming of Microwave Arsenide-Gallium Submicron Structures of Large-scale Integrated Circuit
Authors: Novosiadlyi S.P. , Mandzyuk V.І. , Humeniuk N.T. , Huk І.Z.
Published: July 2018

The peculiarities of technological processes of formation of submicron Schottky field transistors usingarsenide-gallium technology, i.e. the technology of Schottky field transistors formation with a self-alifned gate onthe basis of nitride or silicide of tungsten, are considered in the paper. A highly effective technology for theformation of capsular layers of AlN and BN nitride films by high-frequency magnetron sputtering of the propertarget in nitric plasma for the realization of GaAs-based MOS-transistors is developed.
Enseñanza de idiomas mediante la acción social
Authors: López Montero Rosberly
Published: July 2018

Recibido 26/10/2017      Aceptado 16/01/2018El presente artículo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer parte del trabajo realizado mediante el proyecto de Extensión Docente de la Vicerrectoría de Acción Social denominado Idiomas para la Comunicación Internacional, el cual se desarrolló en la Sede Regional del Pacífico de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Parte de este trabajo fue divulgado en el Taller de Extensión Universitaria del Congreso Internacional Universidad 2016 en la modalidad de póster. La importancia de aprender nuevos idiomas y facilitar posibilidades para su aprendizaje en las zonas fuera de la ciudad capital es una tesis que se defiende a lo largo de estas páginas y que se alcanza gracias a la acción social.
DEMOCRACIA, PUEBLO Y POPULISMO: UNA ARTICULACIÓN CONFLICTIVA
Authors: Vilas Carlos
Published: July 2018

El artículo se centra en mostrar que un tipo de democracia en América Latina, debido a contextos sociopolíticos particulares de la región, está constituida por el populismo. En ese sentido, el autor discute el concepto de democracia a partir de la experiencia de América Latina, para luego prestar atención a la construcción política del concepto pueblo, así como los elementos que la componen, y finalmente argumentar la incomprensión académica y política que hasta el momento ha tenido el fenómeno populista y su supuesta incompatibilidad con la democracia.
Algunos problemas de las fuentes de época para una reconstrucción de la trayectoria de Andrés Avelino Cáceres en tiempos de la Campaña de la Breña, de la fase de la guerra civil correspondiente a los años 1884 y 1885, y de su ascenso al poder en 1886
Authors: Pereyra Hugo
Published: July 2018

La mayoría de los trabajos contemporáneos sobre la trayectoria de Andrés Avelino Cáceres, fueron dependientes de las llamadas Memorias de este personaje que fueron publicadas después de su muerte y que se constituye como un texto cargado de vacíos e inexactitudes. El autor propone que, para realizar un estudio documentado y objetivo sobre la trayectoria de Cáceres, se tiene que utilizar las fuentes de época como principal sustento documental por encima de las semblanzas, testimonios, reportajes o trabajos de investigación que sean muy posteriores al período bajo estudio. Por lo que se plantea realizar una reflexión heurística general sobre las fuentes a utilizar al momento de estudiar la participación de Andrés Avelino Cáceres en la Campaña de la Breña, y en la fase de la contienda civil de 1884 a 1885.
Diagnóstico energético de la empresa TEIMSA basado en la norma ISO 50001
Authors: Miño Cascante Gloria Elizabeth , Guamán Lozano Ángel Geovanny , Moyano Alulema Julio César , Ortiz González Tatiana Jackeline , García Cabezas Eduardo Francisco
Published: July 2018

In this research the production standards are formulated in direct correlation with the energy consumption, in this process the tools provided by the standard ISO 50001 are used to comply with the initiatives of improvement of the energy efficiency, optimization of the system of information management energy and auditing within the company “Textiles Industriales Ambateños” S. A. TEIMSA. By monitoring energy consumption, the efficiency of machines is determined, actions are taken regarding changes, improvements and projects that improve the company's metrics. As a result, we get to build the consumption baselines and set goals that allow us to manage an efficient management of energy resources through the application of measurable indicators of energy and validated by an expert judgment. Finally, it is concluded that the application of the first phase of the standard reflects the main subjects of energy consumption within the company and outlines the route for continuous improvement in the energy management of the company.
Influencia del Sistema de Calidad e Innovación Tecnológica en los Resultados Enfocados en la Mejora Continua en la manufactura de Transformadores de Distribución y Potencia
Authors: Ramos Carrión Jorge Carmelo
Published: July 2018

This article presents the results of an applied research of an explanatory type, whose objective was to analyze and determine the influence of the management of the quality system and technological innovation in the results focused on the continuous improvement in the manufacture of transformers distribution and power. The sample in study was constituted by the personnel of companies manufacturers of the sector, located in Metropolitan Lima. The methodology developed was able to determine the level of impact using a multiple linear regression model.
Historia parlamentaria en la Guerra con Chile: la Asamblea de Cajamarca y el presidente regenerador Miguel Iglesias (1882 – 1883)
Authors: Abanto Chani Julio
Published: July 2018

La guerra con Chile (1879-1883) afectó el normal funcionamiento de las instituciones peruanas y el Congreso de la República no fue la excepción. En esta oportunidad, rescataremos la importancia de la Asamblea del Norte como principal brazo de apoyo del gobierno de Miguel Iglesias y secundando los intereses de los terratenientes serranos del norte por evitar la devastación de los circuitos económicos comerciales de esa región y la movilización campesina en los movimientos de resistencia, en total contraposición con los intereses salitreros de la burguesía limeña en Tarapacá. Este cuerpo legislativo tuvo que atender los conflictos suscitados por la ocupación chilena del país y las exorbitantes peticiones de paz que concluirán con la suscripción del Tratado de Ancón.
Modelo basado en Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA) para medir la competitividad de las manufactureras peruanas del sector textil
Authors: Gamarra-Alván Giseth , Díaz-Muñante Jorge
Published: July 2018

La competitividad proporciona mayores niveles de productividad, eficiencia y calidad, de ahí su importancia para medirla. Este trabajo presenta un modelo DEA para medir la competitividad de las manufactureras del sector textil peruano. El modelo propuesto consta de dos fases: la primera fase, mide los niveles de desarrollo de la calidad, innovación y eficiencia de las empresas; la segunda fase la competitividad de las empresas considerando su calidad innovación y eficiencia. Para ilustrar el modelo propuesto se usó el software SIAD aplicado a 16 empresas del sector de manufactura textil, y se muestra el ranking de las empresas por cada factor y por la competitividad.
Influence of Shape Spread in an Ensemble of Metal Nanoparticles on Their Optical Properties
Authors: Tomchuk P. M. , Starkov V. N.
Published: July 2018

The theoretical basis of the work consists in that the dissipative processes in non-spherical nanoparticles, whose sizes are smaller than the mean free path of electrons, are characterized by a tensor quantity, whose diagonal elements together with the depolarization coefficients determine the half-widths of plasma resonances. Accordingly, the averaged characteristics are obtained for an ensemble of metal nanoparticles with regard for the influence of the nanoparticle shape on the depolarization coefficients and the components of the optical conductivity tensor. Three original variants of the nanoparticle shape distribution function are proposed on the basis of the joint application of the Gauss and “cap” functions.
New Possibilities Provided by the Analysis of the Molecular Velocity Autocorrelation Function in Liquids
Authors: Malomuzh N. P. , Shakun K. S. , Kuznetsova A. A.
Published: July 2018

Long-time tails of the molecular velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) in liquid argon at temperatures higher and lower than the spinodal temperature have been analyzed. By considering the time dependence of the VACF, the self-diffusion and shear viscosity coefficients, and the Maxwell relaxation time are determined, as well as their changes when crossing the spinodal. It is shown that the characteristic changes in the temperature dependences of the indicated kinetic coefficients allow the spinodal position to be determined with a high accuracy. A possibility toapply the proposed method to other low-molecular liquids is considered. As an example, nitrogen and oxygen are used, for which the averaged potential of intermolecular interaction has the Lennard-Jones form.
Analysis of Correlation between Density Variations and Defect Structure of W6+ : LiTaO3
Authors: Tahiri M. , Jennane A. , Masaif N. , Lemdek E. M. , Lotfi E. M.
Published: July 2018

We investigate the defect structure of non-stoichiometric solid solutions of WO3-doped LiTaO3 in correlation with the evolution of the density within our theoretical approach. The dopant concentration and the mechanism of substitution, which depends of the ionic rays of different cations that exit into the network, have an effect on crystalline parameters and, consequently, on the density. In order to explain the defect structure of solid solutions synthesized in the ternary system Li2O–Ta2O5–(WO3)2 in a vicinity of LiTaO3,, we have shown a convergence between theoretical and experimental results by the application of our theoretical approach combined with the new proposed vacancy models. We conclude that the new vacancy models are able to describe the defect structure and the substitution mechanism in each solid solutions of WO3-doped lithium tantalate.