bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postdischarge thrombosis and hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Patell Rushad , Bogue Thomas , Koshy Anita , Bindal Poorva , Merrill Mwanasha , Aird William C. , Bauer Kenneth A. , Zwicker Jeffrey I.
Published: August 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a prothrombotic state with a high incidence of thrombotic events during hospitalization; however, data examining rates of thrombosis after discharge are limited. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of discharged patients with confirmed COVID-19 not receiving anticoagulation. The cohort included 163 patients with median time from discharge to last recorded follow-up of 30 days (interquartile range [IQR], 17-46 days). The median duration of index hospitalization was 6 days (IQR, 3-12 days) and 26% required intensive care. The cumulative incidence of thrombosis (including arterial and venous events) at day 30 following discharge was 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-7.6); the cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism alone at day 30 postdischarge was 0.6% (95% CI, 0.1-4.6). The 30-day cumulative incidence of major hemorrhage was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.1-5.1) and of clinically relevant nonmajor bleeds was 2.9% (95% CI, 1.0-9.1). We conclude that the rates of thrombosis and hemorrhage appear to be similar following hospital discharge for COVID-19, emphasizing the need for randomized data to inform recommendations for universal postdischarge thromboprophylaxis.
Institutionalized data quality assessments: a critical pathway to improving the accuracy of integrated disease surveillance data in Sierra Leone
Authors: Njuguna Charles , Vandi Mohamed , Mugagga Malimbo , Kanu Joseph , Liyosi Evans , Chimbaru Alexander , Gachari Wilson , Caulker Victor , Sesay Stephen , Githuku Jane , Yoti Zabulon , Yahaya Ali Ahmed , Talisuna Ambrose , Fall Ibrahima Socé
Published: August 2020

Background

Public health agencies require valid, timely and complete health information for early detection of outbreaks. Towards the end of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in 2015, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), Sierra Leone revitalized the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response System (IDSR). Data quality assessments were conducted to monitor accuracy of IDSR data.

Methods

Starting 2016, data quality assessments (DQA) were conducted in randomly selected health facilities. Structured electronic checklist was used to interview district health management teams (DHMT) and health facility staff. We used malaria data, to assess data accuracy, as malaria was endemic in Sierra Leone. Verification factors (VF) calculated as the ratio of confirmed malaria cases recorded in health facility registers to the number of malaria cases in the national health information database, were used to assess data accuracy. Allowing a 5% margin of error, VF < 95% were considered over reporting while VF > 105 was underreporting. Differences in the proportion of accurate reports at baseline and subsequent assessments were compared using Z-test for two proportions.

Results

Between 2016 and 2018, four DQA were conducted in 444 health facilities where 1729 IDSR reports were reviewed. Registers and IDSR technical guidelines were available in health facilities and health care workers were conversant with reporting requirements. Overall data accuracy improved from over- reporting of 4.7% (VF 95.3%) in 2016 to under-reporting of 0.2% (VF 100.2%) in 2018. Compared to 2016, proportion of accurate IDSR reports increased by 14.8% (95% CI 7.2, 22.3%) in May 2017 and 19.5% (95% CI 12.5–26.5%) by 2018. Over reporting was more common in private clinics and not- for profit facilities while under-reporting was more common in lower level government health facilities. Leading reasons for data discrepancies included counting errors in 358 (80.6%) health facilities and missing source documents in 47 (10.6%) health facilities.

Conclusion

This is the first attempt to institutionalize routine monitoring of IDSR data quality in Sierra Leone. Regular data quality assessments may have contributed to improved data accuracy over time. Data compilation errors accounted for most discrepancies and should be minimized to improve accuracy of IDSR data.
Correction to: Correlation between functional ability, toe flexor strength, and plantar pressure of hallux valgus in young female adults: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yokozuka Mieko , Okazaki Kanako , Sakamoto Yuko , Takahashi Koko
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
TgROP18 targets IL20RB for host-defense-related-STAT3 activation during Toxoplasma gondii infection
Authors: Kong Ling , Jiang Dan , He Cheng , Xia Jing , Wei Haixia , Zhou Lijuan , Peng Hongjuan
Published: August 2020

Background

Toxoplasma gondiiis an opportunistic protozoan infecting almost one-third of the world’s population.Toxoplasma gondiirhoptry protein 18 (TgROP18) is a key virulence factor determining the parasite’s acute virulence and is secreted into host cells during infection. We previously identified the interaction ofTgROP18 and host cell immune-related receptor protein IL20RB, and observed the activation of STAT3 in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells infected by therop16knockout RH strain, thoughTgROP16 is regarded as being responsible for host STAT3 activation duringT. gondiiinvasion. Therefore, we hypothesizeTgROP18 can activate host STAT3 through binding to IL20RB.

Methods

CRISPR-CAS9 technology was used to generate the ROP16 and ROP18 double knockout RH strain, RH-∆rop16∆rop18. SDS-PAGE and western blot were used to detect STAT3 activation in different HaCaT cells with high endogenous IL20RB expression treated withT. gondiitachyzoites infection, recombinant ROP18, or IL-20. FRET and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to detect the protein-protein interaction.

Results

We observed thatTgROP18 was involved in a synergic activation of the host JAK/STAT3 pathway together withTgROP16 in human HaCaT cells infected withT. gondiior treated with recombinantTgROP18 protein, stimulating host proinflammatory immune responses such as expression of TNF-α. The effect of recombinant ROP18 on STAT3 phosphorylation was presented in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally,TgROP18 was identified to target IL20RB on its extracellular domain. When we treated different cell lines with the recombinant ROP18, STAT3 phosphorylation could only be observed in the cells with endogenous IL20RB expression, such as HaCaT cells.

Conclusions

These findings indicate thatTgROP18-IL20RB interaction uponT. gondiiinvasion was involved in STAT3 activation, which is associated with host cell defense.
Aggressive behavioural interactions between swans (Cygnus spp.) and other waterbirds during winter: a webcam-based study
Authors: Wood Kevin A. , Ham Phoebe , Scales Jake , Wyeth Eleanor , Rose Paul E.
Published: August 2020

Background

Our understanding of any impacts of swans on other waterbirds (including other swans), and potential effects on waterbird community structure, remain limited by a paucity of fundamental behavioural and ecological data, including which species swans interact aggressively with and how frequently such interactions occur.

Methods

Behavioural observations of aggression by swans and other waterbirds in winters 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, were carried out via live-streaming webcams at two wintering sites in the UK. All occurrence sampling was used to identify all aggressive interactions between conspecific or heterospecifics individuals, whilst focal observations were used to record the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other swans. Binomial tests were then used to assess whether the proportion of intraspecific aggressive interactions of each species differed from 0.5 (which would indicate equal numbers of intraspecific and interspecific interactions). Zero-inflated generalized linear mixed effects models (ZIGLMMs) were used to assess between-individual variation in the total time spent by swans on aggressive interactions with other swans.

Results

All three swan species were most frequently aggressive towards, and received most aggression from, their conspecifics. Our 10-min focal observations showed that Whooper (Cygnus cygnus) and Bewick’s Swans (C. columbianus bewickii) spent 13.8 ± 4.7 s (means ± 95% CI) and 1.4 ± 0.3 s, respectively, on aggression with other swans. These durations were equivalent to 2.3% and 0.2% of the Whooper and Bewick’s Swan time-activity budgets, respectively. Model selection indicated that the time spent in aggressive interactions with other swans was best-explained by the number of other swans present for Whooper Swans, and an interactive effect of time of day and winter of observation for Bewick’s Swans. However, the relationship between swan numbers and Whooper Swan aggression times was not strong (R2 = 19.3%).

Conclusions

Whilst swans do exhibit some aggression towards smaller waterbirds, the majority of aggression by swans is directed towards other swans. Aggression focused on conspecifics likely reflects greater overlap in resource use, and hence higher potential for competition, between individuals of the same species. Our study provides an example of how questions relating to avian behaviour can be addressed using methods of remote data collection such as live-streaming webcams.
Immediate implant placement in molar extraction sockets: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ragucci Gian Maria , Elnayef Basel , Criado-Cámara Elena , Del Amo Fernando Suárez-López , Hernández-Alfaro Federico
Published: August 2020

Background

Immediate implants are frequently employed in the anterior maxillary area. However, the installation of dental implants simultaneously with tooth extraction can also provide with benefits in the posterior areas with a reduction in time prior the recovery of the masticatory function. Results previously reported in the literature show high-survival and success rates for implants placed in extraction sockets in molar areas; however, this topic has received limited systematic analysis.

Material and methods

Electronic and manual literature searches were performed by two independent reviewers in several data-bases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, for articles up to January 2019 reporting outcomes of immediate implants placed in molar areas. Primary outcomes included survival and success rates, as well as marginal bone loss. Secondary outcomes included the influence of implant position, type of implant connection, grafting protocol, flap or flapless approach, implant diameter, surgical phase, presence of buccal plate, and loading protocol.

Results

Twenty studies provided information on the survival rate, with a total sample of 1.106 implants. The weighted mean survival rate of immediate implants after 1 year of follow-up was 96.6%, and the success rate was 93.3%. On the other hand, marginal bone loss was 1.29 ± 0.24 mm. Secondary outcomes demonstrated that grafting the gap and the loading protocol have an effect on survival and success rates. Similarly, the presence or absence of the buccal bone affect crestal bone levels. Meta-analysis of 4 investigations showed a weighted mean difference of 0.31 mm ± 0.8 IC 95% (0.15–0.46) more marginal bone loss at immediate implant placement versus implants in healed sites (p < 0.001) I2 = 15.2%.

Conclusion

In selected scenarios, immediate implant placement in molar extraction socket might be considered a predictable technique as demonstrated by a high survival and success rates, with minimal marginal bone loss.
Long-Term Glycemic Variability and Vascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: Post Hoc Analysis of the FIELD Study
Authors: Scott Emma S , Januszewski Andrzej S , O’Connell Rachel , Fulcher Gregory , Scott Russell , Kesaniemi Antero , Wu Linda , Colagiuri Stephen , Keech Anthony , Jenkins Alicia J
Published: August 2020

Aims

To investigate whether long-term glycemic variability (GV) is associated with vascular complication development in type 2 diabetes.

Methods

In a post hoc FIELD trial analysis, GV was calculated as the standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV) of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose. Baseline variables were compared across quartiles of on-study variability by chi square and ANOVA. Prospective associations between baseline to 2-year GV and subsequent vascular and mortality outcomes were analyzed using landmark logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Baseline factors associated with higher on-study GV included younger age, male gender, longer diabetes duration, and higher pharmacological therapies usage. Both HbA1c and fasting glucose CV were associated with increased risk of microvascular complications (HR 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.03] P < 0.01; and HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.01] P < 0.001, respectively). HbA1c and fasting glucose CV were associated with increased cardiovascular disease (HR 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00-1.04]; and HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.02], both P < 0.05). HbA1c CV associated with increased stroke (HR 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.06) P < 0.01). Glucose CV associated with increased coronary events (HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00-1.02] P < 0.05). Both HbA1c and glucose CV associated with increased total mortality (HR 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.06]; and HR 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01-1.02], both P < 0.001) and noncardiovascular mortality (HR 1.05 [95% CI, (1.03-1.07]; and HR 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.03], both P < 0.001). HbA1c CV associated with coronary mortality (HR 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.07] P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Long-term GV was associated with increased risk of vascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.
Fluid flow as a driver of embryonic morphogenesis
Authors: Daems Margo , Peacock Hanna M. , Jones Elizabeth A. V.
Published: August 2020

Fluid flow is a powerful morphogenic force during embryonic development. The physical forces created by flowing fluids can either create morphogen gradients or be translated by mechanosensitive cells into biological changes in gene expression. In this Primer, we describe how fluid flow is created in different systems and highlight the important mechanosensitive signalling pathways involved for sensing and transducing flow during embryogenesis. Specifically, we describe how fluid flow helps establish left-right asymmetry in the early embryo and discuss the role of flow of blood, lymph and cerebrospinal fluid in sculpting the embryonic cardiovascular and nervous system.
Contributions and competition of Mg2+ and K+ in folding and stabilization of the Twister ribozyme
Authors: Kognole Abhishek A. , MacKerell Alexander D.
Published: August 2020

Native folded and compact intermediate states of RNA typically involve tertiary structures in the presence of divalent ions such as Mg2+ in a background of monovalent ions. In a recent study, we have shown how the presence of Mg2+ impacts the transition from partially unfolded to folded states through a “push-pull” mechanism where the ion both favors and disfavors the sampling of specific phosphate-phosphate interactions. To further understand the ion atmosphere of RNA in folded and partially folded states results from atomistic umbrella sampling and oscillating chemical potential grand canonical Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics (GCMC/MD) simulations are used to obtain atomic-level details of the distributions of Mg2+ and K+ ions around Twister RNA. Results show the presence of 100 mM Mg2+ to lead to increased charge neutralization over that predicted by counterion condensation theory. Upon going from partially unfolded to folded states, overall charge neutralization increases at all studied ion concentrations that, while associated with an increase in the number of direct ion-phosphate interactions, is fully accounted for by the monovalent K+ ions. Furthermore, K+ preferentially interacts with purine N7 atoms of helical regions in partially unfolded states, thereby potentially stabilizing the helical regions. Thus, both secondary helical structures and formation of tertiary structures leads to increased counterion condensation, thereby stabilizing those structural features of Twister. Notably, it is shown that K+ can act as a surrogate for Mg2+ by participating in specific interactions with nonsequential phosphate pairs that occur in the folded state, explaining the ability of Twister to self-cleave at submillimolar Mg2+ concentrations.
ACCEPT - combining acalabrutinib with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (R-CHOP) for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): study protocol for a Phase Ib/II open-label non-randomised clinical trial
Authors: Davies Andrew , Barrans Sharon , Burton Cathy , Mercer Katy , Caddy Joshua , Chinnery Fay , Day Laura , Fernando Diana , Ardeshna Kirit , Collins Graham , Radford John , Rule Simon , McMillan Andrew , Johnson Peter , Griffiths Gareth
Published: August 2020

Background: Over 13,000 new cases of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) are diagnosed in the UK, with approximately 4,900 attributable deaths each year. Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common NHL comprising one third of adult NHL cases. R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) is accepted as the international standard first-line regimen, but improvement in first line treatment is needed. Dysregulated B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling has been identified as a feature of DLBCL. Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), downstream of the BCR has proven efficacious in other B-cell malignancies and in combination with R-CHOP. The second generation Btk inhibitor, acalabrutinib, may have improved target potency and specificity, and therefore better efficacy and tolerability.

Methods: ACCEPT is an open-label non-randomised Phase Ib/II trial testing the addition of acalabrutinib to conventional R-CHOP therapy. ACCEPT incorporates an initial 6+6 modified Phase I design of up to 24 participants followed by 15 participant single arm Phase II expansion cohort in treatment naive patients with histologically confirmed DLBCL expressing CD20. Participants are recruited from UK secondary care sites. Phase I will establish the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D, primary endpoint) of acalabrutinib in combination with R-CHOP. Phase II will gain additional information on safety and efficacy on the RP2D. The primary endpoints of Phase II are overall response rate and toxicity profile. Secondary endpoints include duration of response (progression-free survival and overall survival OS) in relation to cell of origin. Analyses are not powered for formal statistical comparisons; descriptive statistics will describe rates of toxicity, efficacy and translational endpoints.

Discussion: ACCEPT will provide evidence for whether acalabrutinib in combination with R-CHOP is safe and biologically effective prior to future Phase II/III trials in patients with previously untreated CD20 positive DLBCL.

Trial registration: EudraCT Number: 2015-003213-18 (issued 16 July 2015); ISRCTN13626902 (registered 07 March 2017).
Delivering next generations
Authors: de Frutos Maria Garcia
Published: August 2020

The psycho-social, economic and political impact of COVID-19 on women and the future midwifery workforce
The Role of Adversity Quotient in the Field of Education: A Review of the Literature on Educational Development
Authors: Juwita Hesti Ratna , Roemintoyo Roemintoyo , Usodo Budi
Published: August 2020

Adversity Quotient is a person's response to overcoming obstacles or problems. Barriers experienced, and the ability to overcome these obstacles vary in each person. This study was a literature review study focusing on adversity quotient in the field of education. This study reviewed several manuscripts that concentrated on research design, type of participants, and the critical role of adversity quotient in the field of education. A total of 18 articles were analyzed by exploring and reviewing manuscripts from trusted database journals, namely Scopus, Science Direct, and ERIC. This review explored three aspects of educational adversity quotient publications, including 1) the type of research design used in research related to adversity quotient in the field of education, 2) the types of participants chosen in research related to adversity quotient, and 3) the role of adversity quotient in education. Based on the results of manuscript reviews, adversity quotient research shows a great influence in the field of education. Research on adversity quotient shows that 1) descriptive and experimental research is the most commonly used design; 2) research participants in adversity quotient research are dominated by students, especially university students; 3) the role of adversity quotient is much shown in learning outcomes in the field of skills.
Exquisite wonder: Colour film, realism and the Yankee voyage, 1936–38
Authors: Geiger Jeffrey
Published: August 2020

This article looks at rare Kodachrome film taken across Oceania, mostly shot by a skilled amateur filmmaker, Edmund Zacher, to document the circumnavigation of the famous clipper Yankee. There are three intertwined lines of inquiry traced here. The first explores relations between US imperialism, moving image media and a popular imaginary, considering how experiences of virtual travel engage with cultural ideology. The second examines how this footage may be interpreted: how might critical frameworks brought to bear on amateur non-fiction differ from those commonly applied to professional and narrative fiction film? A key reference point is the theory of cinematic gesture developed by Giorgio Agamben, who expands on the work of Gilles Deleuze and his notion of the movement image. This stress on gesture and on the mediality of moving images leads towards a third key area under consideration: colour and the (then) new medium of Kodachrome. Homing in on relations between colour stock and motion picture realism, this study explores the ways that Kodachrome colour might have affected broader perceptions of the world itself.
New Zealand Society at War 1914–1918, Steven Loveridge (ed.) (2016)
Authors: Sedgwick Laura
Published: August 2020

Review of: New Zealand Society at War 1914–1918, Steven Loveridge (ed.) (2016)

Wellington: Victoria University Press, 416 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 77656 060 8 (pbk), NZ$40
Tupuna Awa: People and Politics of the Waikato River, Marama Muru-Lanning (2016)
Authors: Mascher-Frigyesi Réka
Published: August 2020

Review of: Tupuna Awa: People and Politics of the Waikato River, Marama Muru-Lanning (2016)

Auckland: Auckland University Press, 256 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 86940 850 3 (pbk), NZ$49.99
O desenvolvimento da estrutura frasal latina
Authors: Maroneze Bruno Oliveira
Published: August 2020

Resenha da obra de Lieven Danckert. The development of Latin clause structure. A study of the extended verb phrase. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
On the Distribution of Tract Lengths During Adaptive Introgression
Authors: Shchur Vladimir , Svedberg Jesper , Medina Paloma , Corbett-Detig Russell , Nielsen Rasmus
Published: August 2020

Admixture is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in evolutionary genetics. The distribution of genomic admixture tracts, and the resulting effects on admixture linkage disequilibrium, can be used to date the timing of admixture between species or populations. However, the theory used for such prediction assumes selective neutrality despite the fact that many famous examples of admixture involve natural selection acting for or against admixture. In this paper, we investigate the effects of positive selection on the distribution of tract lengths. We develop a theoretical framework that relies on approximating the trajectory of the selected allele using a logistic function. By numerically calculating the expected allele trajectory, we also show that the approach can be extended to cases where the logistic approximation is poor due to the effects of genetic drift. Using simulations, we show that the model is highly accurate under most scenarios. We use the model to show that positive selection on average will tend to increase the admixture tract length. However, perhaps counter-intuitively, conditional on the allele frequency at the time of sampling, positive selection will actually produce shorter expected tract lengths. We discuss the consequences of our results in interpreting the timing of the introgression of EPAS1 from Denisovans into the ancestors of Tibetans.
Corrigenda: Peixoto SR, Rocha DS, Dale C, Galvão C (2020) Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille, 1811) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): first record on Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, razil.Check List 16 (2): 391–394. https://doi.org/10.15560/16.2.391
Authors: Peixoto Solange , da Silva Rocha Dayse , Dale Carolina , Galvão Cleber
Published: August 2020

Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille, 1811) is the most widely distributed species in Brazil. This study presents the first report of this species collected inside a building in the “Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Desenvolvimento Sustentável”, at the Vila Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The new record is important to understand the risk of Chagas disease transmission, mainly because this species is commonly found infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909).
NEGOCIAÇÃO COLETIVA E DESIGUALDADE NA AMÉRICA LATINA: UM BALANÇO DA LITERATURA RECENTE
Authors: Cardoso Adalberto
Published: August 2020

O artigo visa ao estudo do papel da negociação coletiva para a redução da desigualdade na América Latina a partir dos anos 2000. Analisa-se o impacto dos sindicatos e da negociação coletiva sobre os salários e a distribuição de renda, considerando que os resultados nessas duas áreas geralmente resultam da interação de mudanças em múltiplos processos macro e microeconômicos e que as desigualdades gerais de renda estão profundamente (embora não exclusivamente) relacionadas com a renda do trabalho, que é principalmente definida nos mercados de trabalho. Efetua-se neste estudo um balanço compreensivo (embora não exaustivo) da pesquisa recente na América Latina, primeiro apresentando resultados de estudos comparados, para então descer a detalhes em quatro países selecionados, nominalmente Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Uruguai. A escolha desses países levou em conta distinções em termos de tradições de negociação coletiva, graus de coordenação e centralização da negociação e graus de cobertura das negociações. O balanço bibliográfico procurou associar o grau de centralização da negociação coletiva e seus resultados na redução nas desigualdades nesses países. A hipótese geral, derivada da pesquisa nos países mais ricos, é a de que a maior centralização e/ou coordenação negocial está diretamente associada à redução nas desigualdades.
From the Homestead to Centerstage : A Journey of Empowerment
Authors: Babu Anithamol , Jose Sonny
Published: August 2020

The Kerala Model of Development is widely acclaimed for its contribution in generating favourable social indices at par with Scandinavia. The central issue of the development in almost all the underdeveloped and developing countries is the empowerment of women constituents. In Kerala, the story of empowerment of women, is not just economic, but psychologically, and this has happened largely through the Kudumbashree and LSGs. Under Article 243(D) of the Constitution of India, there is a mandate to provide 50% reservation for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions, this constitutional amendment is regarded as a path-breaking move to empower women at the grassroots level. The present study portrays the impact of government interventions for ensuring the participation of women in decision-making as well as in the power structure in Panchayaths. The researcher(s) used cross-sectional research design for this particular study which adopts purposive sampling. The data was collected through in-depth interview and focus group discussion is used for triangulation. The finding of the study shows that how the women are empowered though various government interventions such as Kudumbashree, Thozhil-urappu Padhathi (MGNREGA), ASHAs (frontrunners for the NRHM), Panchayati Raj and house wives.
Immediate psychological impacts on the inmates of a quarantine-isolation facility in North Kashmir: a pilot study
Authors: Rashid Suhail , Singh Charanjit , Masood Syed , Khan Waheeda
Published: August 2020

Background: During the current COVID-19 pandemic as part of various control measures quarantine-isolation facilities have been setup throughout India. To the best of our knowledge no study has been done so far on the mental health aspects of the inmates from Kashmir region.Methods: This was a questionnaire based qualitative cross sectional pilot study. A cohort of 301 inmates (196 males and105 females) consented and completed the study questionnaire from March 2020 to June, 2020. The relevant data was statistically analyzed.Results: Short lived negative impacts were seen in a sizeable number of patients. These negative correlates of mental health remained manageable as we followed the guidelines of MOHFW. Only a small percentage of ~ 4% (11 of 301) inmates needed psychiatric consultation and treatment. However they safely completed their mandatory stay period in the facility.Conclusions: Based on the results of our study, we conclude that optimum medical care during the pandemic remains the main focus and rightly so, but nevertheless mental health domain needs to be equally strengthened at the facilities in particular for short term impacts and the community in general for long term impacts.
Trees as Dialogue: Negotiating Boundaries with the Anne Frank Sapling Project
Authors: Čapek Stella M.
Published: August 2020

My qualitative research paper focuses on the Anne Frank sapling installation at the Clinton Presidential Museum and Library in Little Rock, Arkansas. Saplings grafted from the tree that grew outside Anne Frank’s window in Amsterdam while she wrote her famous diary are provided by the Anne Frank Center for Mutual Respect to organizations that will link the tree to dialogues about past and present social justice issues. Building on Thomas Gieryn’s recent work on “truth-spots,” I explore the sapling installation as a possible “truth-spot,” and reflect on what kind of truth is supported there. From a symbolic interactionist perspective, I consider the sapling as a boundary-crossing entity that, together with other elements of the installation, stimulates reflection and inclusive dialogue, and fosters hope without shunning complexity. I discuss the sapling’s ecological needs and material agency, since it is not a passive recipient of human meanings and orchestrations. I also comment on the changing role of museum installations and exhibit space in the context of social justice.
PrÃ©valence De Phragmanthera capitata (Spreng.) BallÃ© (Loranthaceae) Sur Les HÃ©vÃ©as Des Plantations Paysannes Du Site De Lâ€™UniversitÃ© Jean Lorougnon GuÃ©dÃ© Au Centre-Ouest de la CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire
Authors: Denis-Esdras Amon Anoh , Victoire Koulibaly Annick , El Lamine Sako Hamed , ArmÃ¨le Koffi AffouÃ©
Published: August 2020

En CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire, lâ€™hÃ©vÃ©aculture est en pleine extension Ã  cause de ses retombÃ©es Ã©conomiques et financiÃ¨res. Malheureusement, une destruction actuelle des branches de nombreux individus dâ€™hÃ©vÃ©as par les Loranthaceae, notamment Phragmanthera capitata est constatÃ©e. Cette situation est prÃ©judiciable Ã  lâ€™Ã©conomie de cette activitÃ©. Pour limiter lâ€™infestation de ces parasites, il est urgent dâ€™entreprendre des mÃ©thodes de lutte efficaces. Pour mieux contrÃ´ler les Loranthaceae, une meilleure connaissance de leur comportement sâ€™impose. Cette Ã©tude vise Ã  Ã©valuer la prÃ©valence de P. capitata sur les hÃ©vÃ©as des plantations paysannes du site de lâ€™UniversitÃ© Jean Lorougnon GuÃ©dÃ© de Daloa. Les inventaires basÃ©s sur les mÃ©thodes de relevÃ©s de surface et des observations directes ont Ã©tÃ© rÃ©alisÃ©s dans 3 plantations dâ€™hÃ©vÃ©as. Les rÃ©sultats ont montrÃ© une incidence Ã©levÃ©e et une sÃ©vÃ©ritÃ© dâ€™infestation des hÃ©vÃ©as par P. capitata. Ils ont indiquÃ© une diffÃ©rence significative entre lâ€™incidence dâ€™infestation et lâ€™indice de sÃ©vÃ©ritÃ© des hÃ©vÃ©as en fonction du dbh. Lâ€™incidence dâ€™infestation de ce parasite sur les hÃ©vÃ©as des plantations paysannes du site de lâ€™UniversitÃ© est de 30,48Â±11,12% et lâ€™indice de sÃ©vÃ©ritÃ© est 34,16Â±15,30%. Ces rÃ©sultats pourraient servir de rÃ©fÃ©rence pour la recherche dâ€™une mÃ©thode de lutte appropriÃ©e contre ce parasite trÃ¨s envahissant et trÃ¨s dÃ©vastateur sur les hÃ©vÃ©as.
In Cote dâ€™Ivoire, rubber cultivation is booming due to its economic and financial benefits. Unfortunately, the destruction of individual rubber tree branches notably by Loranthaceae, Phragmanthera capitata has been noticed as an impediment to rubber cultivation. This situation is detrimental to the economic rentability of this activity. Developing effective strategies to control these parasites plants is urgent. A better understanding of the behavior of Loranthaceae is necessary to control their expansion. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of P. capitata on the rubber trees of farming plantations located at the Jean Lorougnon GuÃ©dÃ© University site in Daloa. The inventories based on sampling blocks method and direct observations were used in three rubber plantations. The results showed a high level and severity of P. capitata invasion on rubber trees and indicated a significant difference between the incidence and intensity on rubber trees depending on their dbh. The incidence of invasion of P. capitata on rubber trees of the studied farming plantations premises is of 30,48Â±11.12% and the severity index is 34,16Â±15.30%. These results could be used as a reference to find more appropriate solutions to fight against the invasive and devastating effects of this parasite on rubber trees.
Petrographic and Geochemical Characteristics of the Metabasites of the SASCA Domain (YonakÃ©, Mani- BÃ©rÃ©by and DehiÃ© Sectors), South-West CÃ´te d'Ivoire
Authors: HervÃ© Kouadio Fossou Jean-Luc , Nestor Houssou N'guessan , Ephrem Allialy Marc , Allou Gnanzou , ChÃ©rubin Djro Sagbrou
Published: August 2020

The petrographic and geochemical study of six (6) metabasites located in the Archean-Paleoproterozoic transition domain (SASCA domain, South- West CÃ´te d'Ivoire) identified dolerites and gabbros. The thin sections revealed two textures: the doleritic texture (dolerite) and the granoblastic texture (gabbro). The dolerites are composed of plagioclase wands, pyroxene, and olivine. Gabbros have a composition of pyroxene (clinopyroxene), green hornblende, plagioclase, biotite, and rare quartz. Geochemical analysis, especially the major elements, corroborated the gabbroic character of the metabasites. Trace elements and rare earth helped to constrain the origin of the metabasites by showing: (i) their belonging to a tholeiitic series, (ii) a mantle source contaminated by the continental crust, and (iii) their emplacement in the field of intraplate or volcanic arc basalts.
Temporal Variation of Seedling Growth and Leaves Type of Four Morphotypes of Lannea Microcarpa Engl.& K. Krause in Burkina Faso
Authors: Semde Kadidia , Kagambega FranÃ§ois Wennemi , Haro Hadou , Ganaba Souleymane
Published: August 2020

This study evaluated the growth performance and the leaves type of seedlings from different morphotypes of Lannea microcarpa in the central plateau of Burkina Faso.Then, seeds of Lannea microcarpa were collected from four (4) morphotypes based on their botanical characters and noted as NLs: Lannea sp. from Naab-Mayooghin, MLs: from Mamousyorgo 1, MaLs: fromMamousyorgo2, ZLs: fromZiniarÃ©. One hundred seeds per morphotypes were used for the seedlings production in nursery through sowing by using a randomized block design. The leaves type of the produced seedlings was investigated by visual observation. Significant differences in the growth traits of the seedlings were found among the four morphotypes (p < 0,05). The height and the collar diameter of the seedlings were found to be higher in NLs, MaLs and ZLs than those in MLs. Regarding the leaves, it was observed different types among the morphotypes. Seeds from NLs and MLs produced seedlings with both compound and simple leaves while those from ZLs and MaLs produced seedlings with only compound leaves. Generally, all morphotypes exhibited a relatively high growth with production of different types of leaves.
Simulation-based optimization for an origami-shaped canopy
Authors: Lucarelli Caio de Carvalho , Carlo Joyce Correna , Martinez Andressa Carmo Pena
Published: August 2020

This study perceives the developing process of Simulation-based Optimization (SBO), using Octopus® for Grasshopper®. This investigation aimed to optimize an Origami-inspired canopy designed to admit solar radiation and daylight in transitional spaces. As optimization objectives, we employed the maximization of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI). The method consists of shape optimization, considering the exclusion of non-robust parameters according to factorial analysis. The second step regards computational simulations for the admission of solar radiation and daylight performance within transitional spaces, followed by a comparative evaluation of the best solutions generated through the simulation process. We ran the simulations using Ladybug® and Honeybee® plugins. We simulated the canopy in three different transitional zones, which resulted in distinct shapes and performances. We adopted transitional spaces because they are neither indoor nor outdoor, and comfort standards are rarely evaluated. As the main results, the optimization generated maximum comfort of 93.75% for PET Percentage Time Comfortable and 93.8% for UDI for naturally conditioned spaces. These results denote that users are in thermal comfort for 93.75% of the time. For 93.8% of the evaluated time, illuminance levels are between 100 and 2000lx, and therefore in agreement with the recommended levels.
Myasthenia Crisis Vs Cholinergic Crisis: Challenges in Crisis Management Without Plasmapheresis or Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Authors: Harjana Lila Tri , Hardiono Hardiono
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disorder clinically characterized by skeletal muscle weakness & fatigability on exertion with prevalence as high as 2–7 in 10,000 and women are affected more frequently than men (~3:2). Over 12-16% of generalized MG patients experience crisis once in their lifetime. A serious complication of myasthenia gravis is respiratory failure. This may be secondary to an exacerbation of myasthenia (myasthenia crisis) or to treatment with excess doses of a cholinesterase inhibitor (cholinergic crisis). Case Report: Thirty-two years old woman refereed from a private hospital to ED for further treatment with myasthenia in crisis, after nine days of treatment in the previous ICU. Patient already in intubation with mechanical ventilation and history of the treatment of a high dose of multiple anticholinesterase drugs and steroids without plasmapheresis or immunoglobulin intravenous. During admission, diarrhea was present, with no sign of GI infection. On the third day of admission, the patient performed a Spontaneous Breathing Trial and was a success then extubated. Then two day after extubation, the patient falls to respiratory failure and need mechanical ventilation. Anticholinesterase test was performed, and it shows no improvement in clinical signs, and diagnose as Cholinergic Crisis. After re-adjustment of anticholinesterase drug with a lower dose, clinically, the respiratory condition improved, and on the 10th day of admission, the patient was succeed extubated. At 12nd days of ICU admission, patient discharge from ICU. Discussion: Myasthenia and Cholinergic Crisis is a severe and life-threatening condition characterized by generalized muscle weakness with a respiratory compromise that requires ventilatory support. Respiratory failure may be present in the cholinergic crisis without cholinergic symptoms (miosis, diarrhea, urinary incontinence, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, or salivation). The most important management aspect of Myasthenia patients in crisis is the recognition and treatment of myasthenia vs cholinergic crisis.
NEWBORNS HEARING SCREENING WITH OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS AND AUDITORY BRAINSTEM RESPONSE
Authors: Hamam Kusumagani , Purnami Nyilo
Published: August 2020

Hearing loss in newborns is a serious matter, if it is not quickly diagnosed and starts early intervention, a child will experience social, speech, language, cognitive, and academic impairments. There is a method of hearing screening in newborns, which is divided into two types, universal newborn hearing screening, and targeted newborn screening. Both of these methods use OAEs and ABR as objective examination tools. The hearing screening method varies in each country, this difference is based on the test equipment used, age, frequency, professionals involved in screening, referral procedures, funding, and coverage areas. Indonesia uses two stages of screening, while Italy, America, Nigeria, France, India, and Poland use two to five stages of screening. Hearing screening of newborns using OAEs and ABR has a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99,3%.
The ATP Hypothesis: A New Conceptual Framework for the Origin of the Genetic Code
Authors: Xie Ping
Published: August 2020

A plenty of theories on the origin of genetic codes have been proposed so far, yet all ignored its energetic relation to the biochemical system. Here, a new hypothesis is proposed, according to which ATP is at the origin of the primordial genetic code by its coevolution with the pristine biochemical system. This hypothesis aims to show how the genetic code was produced by photochemical reactions in a protocell that derived from a lipid vescile enclosing various life’s building blocks (e.g. nucleotides and peptides). At extant cell, ATP is the only energetic product of photosynthesis, and is at the energetic heart of the biochemical systems. ATP could energetically elongate chains of both polynucleotides and polypeptides, thus providing a bridge between these bio-polymers and eventually mediating cellular biochemical innovation from energy transformation to informatization. ATP was not the only one that could drive the formation of polynucleotides and polypeptides, but favored by precellular selection. The protocell innovated a photosynthesis system to produce ATP efficiently and regularly with the aids of proteins and RNA/DNA. The completion of the genetic code from RNA to DNA marked the dawn of cellular life operated by Darwinian evolution. The ATP hypothesis supports the photochemical origin of life, shedding light on the formation of both photosynthetic and biochemical systems, which remains largely unknown thus far.
Fires in Nature: A Review of the Challenges for Wild Animals
Authors: Gutierrez Jara , de Miguel Javier
Published: August 2020

Animals living in the wild are exposed to numerous challenges, such as fires, that can lead to animal suffering. The impacts of fire have been studied in different branches of ecology, but studies of its effects on the welfare of individual animals remain scarce. The current review aims to synthesize a sample of relevant aspects regarding fire’s negative effects on wild animals. This review provides a better understanding of how fire compromises animal welfare, providing an example of how to use the knowledge gathered in ecology studies to examine the welfare of wild animals. It can help raise concern for the situation of wild animals as individuals, and to develop the field of welfare biology, by identifying promising future lines of research. The fundamentals of carrying out future work to design protocols for rescuing animals or preventing the harms they can suffer in fires is also explored.
Matrix-based Approaches for Updating Approximations in Neighborhood Multigranulation Rough Sets while Neighborhood Classes Decreasing or Increasing
Authors: Yu Peiqiu , Wang Hongkun , Li Jinjin , Lin Guoping
Published: August 2020

With the revolution of computing and biology technology, data sets containing information could be huge and complex that sometimes are difficult to handle. Dynamic computing is an efficient approach to solve some of the problems. Since neighborhood multigranulation rough sets(NMGRS) were proposed, few papers focused on how to calculate approximations in NMGRS and how to update them dynamically. Here we propose approaches for computing approximations in NMGRS and updating them dynamically. First, static approaches for computing approximations in NMGRS are proposed. Second, search region in data set for updating approximations in NMGRS is shrunk. Third, matrix-based approaches for updating approximations in NMGRS while decreasing or increasing neighborhood classes are proposed. Fourth, incremental algorithms for updating approximations in NMGRS while decreasing or increasing neighborhood classes are designed. Finally, the efficiency and validity of the designed algorithms are verified by experiments.
Gender and Sustainability: Learning from Women’s Farming in the Global South
Authors: Glazebrook Tricia , Opoku and Emmanuela
Published: August 2020

Africa was the only continent not to achieve the 2015 Millennium Development Goal of 50% poverty reduction. This paper asks whether Africa will fare better in meeting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) addressing poverty and hunger by 2030. To answer this question we examine literature, including our field research published over the last thirteen years. We find that ‘sustainable development’ is a failed concept immersed in the contemporary global economic system that favors growth over ecosystem stability and patriarchal systems of governance that undervalue women’s capacity for sustainability in their care-work as food providers. We examine barriers to women’s farming (climate change, gender bias, limited access to land, technology, finance) and provide examples of women’s innovative strategies for overcoming these barriers in their care practices toward family and community well-being and ecosystem health. We conclude that sustainability is only possible through transformation of thinking away from approaches that value profit over people and ecosystems and toward gender-based approaches for achieving the goals laid out in the SDGs through holistic, integrative systems of ecosystem fit.
Experimental Testing of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Designed by Strut-and-Tie Method
Authors: Starčev-Ćurčin Anka , Rašeta Andrija , Malešev Mirjana , Kukaras Danijel , Radonjanin Vlastimir , Šešlija Miloš , Žarković Drago
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the results of the experimental research and numerical analysis of three reinforced concrete deep beams with openings, designed by the Strut-and-Tie method according to the EN 1992-1-1 recommendations. All tested specimens were made in full size, with the same geometric characteristics and quality of the materials. The specimens, constructed as simply supported beams, were loaded with two concentrated forces and were tested for bending until failure. Each specimen was reinforced with different reinforcement layout determined by parameter variation within the Strut-and-Tie method. Based on the results of experimental research, it was concluded that the behavior of loaded members was in agreement with the proposed forms of the Strut-and-Tie models that were used for their design.