bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupling organic free-radical molecules to lumped-element superconducting resonators
Authors: Rubín-Osanz M. , de Ory M. C. , Gimeno I. , Granados D. , Zueco D. , Gomez A. , Luis F.
Published: June 2024

A promising route toward the realization of a molecular spin quantum processor relies on coupling magnetic molecules to individual photons confined within superconducting resonators. As a simple approximation to such a hybrid scheme, here we explore the conditions that determine the collective coupling of DPPH organic free radicals to lumped-element LC superconducting resonators. In these chips, multiple resonators are coupled to a single readout line. This enables designing the relevant resonator properties, such as resonance frequency, cavity volume, and impedance while keeping a perfect transmission for the device. Here, we exploit these design possibilities to achieve a coherent spin-photon coupling regime. Besides, we study how this coupling depends on the relative orientation of the external dc magnetic field concerning the photon magnetic field and the spins locations concerning the chip surface.
Oceanic shallow-water description with (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation: Painlevé analysis, soliton solutions, and lump solutions
Authors: Lü Xing , Zhang Liang-Li , Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: June 2024

Variable-coefficient equations can be used to describe certain phenomena when inhomogeneous media and nonuniform boundaries are taken into consideration. Describing the fluid dynamics of shallow-water wave in an open ocean, a (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation is investigated in this paper. The integrability is first examined by the Painlevé analysis method. Secondly, the one-soliton and two-soliton solutions and lump solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equations are derived by virtue of the Hirota bilinear method. In the exact solutions, parameter values and variable-coefficient functions are chosen and analyzed for different effects on the shallow-water waves.
Asymptotic behavior of a generalized independent sets model on the two-dimensional Sierpinski gasket
Authors: Chang Shu-Chiuan , Chen Lung-Chi
Published: June 2024

We consider a generalized independent set model on the two-dimensional Sierpinski gasket SGn. Let A be a set of symbols and each vertex of SGn should take a symbol from A. Given a subset S⊂A such that the symbols of nearest-neighbor vertices are not allowed to be the forbidden blocks F={ij:i,j∈S}. The probability of each vertex of SGn to take a symbol in S is denoted by p ∈ (0, 1), and the probability of each vertex to take a symbol not in S is given by 1 − p. When A={0,1}, S={0}, and p = 1/2, this reduces to independent set model or golden mean shift in symbolic dynamics. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of this generalized model on the two-dimensional Sierpinski gasket and obtain upper and lower bounds of the entropy per site for p ∈ (0, 1).
A high temperature in situ optical probe for colloidal nanocrystal synthesis
Authors: Keating Logan P. , Huang Conan , Shim Moonsub
Published: June 2024

We report on the fabrication and utilization of a robust high-temperature (>300 °C), adjustable-path-length, vacuum-tolerant, configurable, in situ optical probe, which interfaces with widely used chemical glassware via a 14/20 ground glass joint. This probe allows for high-speed reaction monitoring of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal solutions at temperatures that were previously inaccessible. We demonstrate this capability by monitoring the hot-injection synthesis of CdSe quantum dots via UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy at 380 °C with a time resolution of ∼10 ms, with the primary limitation being the acquisition and data saving rate of the commercial spectrometer used. We further demonstrate that this probe can also be used for in situ photoluminescence measurements. This system is generally applicable to harsh solution environments where optical monitoring of reaction progress is desirable and/or necessary.
Toward digital design at the exascale: An overview of project ICECap
Authors: Peterson J. Luc , Bender Tim , Blake Robert , Chiang Nai-Yuan , Fernández-Godino M. Giselle , Garcia Bryan , Gillette Andrew , Gunnarson Brian , Hansen Cooper , Hill Judy , Humbird Kelli , Kustowski Bogdan , Kim Irene , Koning Joe , Kur Eugene , Langer Steve , Lee Ryan , Lewis Katie , Maguire Alister , Milovich Jose , Mubarka Yamen , Olson Renee , Salmonson Jay , Schroeder Chris , Spears Brian , Thiagarajan Jayaraman , Tran Ryan , Wang Jingyi , Weber Chris
Published: June 2024

High performance computing has entered the Exascale Age. Capable of performing over 1018 floating point operations per second, exascale computers, such as El Capitan, the National Nuclear Security Administration's first, have the potential to revolutionize the detailed in-depth study of highly complex science and engineering systems. However, in addition to these kind of whole machine “hero” simulations, exascale systems could also enable new paradigms in digital design by making petascale hero runs routine. Currently, untenable problems in complex system design, optimization, model exploration, and scientific discovery could all become possible. Motivated by the challenge of uncovering the next generation of robust high-yield inertial confinement fusion (ICF) designs, project ICECap (Inertial Confinement on El Capitan) attempts to integrate multiple advances in machine learning (ML), scientific workflows, high performance computing, GPU-acceleration, and numerical optimization to prototype such a future. Built on a general framework, ICECap is exploring how these technologies could broadly accelerate scientific discovery on El Capitan. In addition to our requirements, system-level design, and challenges, we describe some of the key technologies in ICECap, including ML replacements for multiphysics packages, tools for human-machine teaming, and algorithms for multifidelity design optimization under uncertainty. As a test of our prototype pre-El Capitan system, we advance the state-of-the art for ICF hohlraum design by demonstrating the optimization of a 17-parameter National Ignition Facility experiment and show that our ML-assisted workflow makes design choices that are consistent with physics intuition, but in an automated, efficient, and mathematically rigorous fashion.
One stage multi-scale efficient network for underwater target detection
Authors: Zhang Huaqiang , Dai Chenggang , Chen Chengjun , Zhao Zhengxu , Lin Mingxing
Published: June 2024

Due to the complexity of the underwater environment, existing methods for underwater target detection present low precision on small or dense targets. To address these issues, a novel method is proposed for underwater target detection based on YOLOv5s (You Only Look Once version 5 small), which aims to improve the precision and robustness. In this study, an efficient feature extraction network is introduced to extract significant features, and a novel attention mechanism with deformable convolution is designed to improve the feature representation. Subsequently, an adaptive spatial fusion operation is introduced at the neck of YOLOv5s to facilitate feature fusion from various layers. By integrating low-level features with high-level features, the adaptive fusion feature pyramid network effectively integrates global semantic information and decreases the semantic gap between features from various layers, contributing to the high detection precision. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an mAP50 of 86.97% on the Underwater Robot Professional Contest of China 2020 dataset, 3.07% higher than YOLOv5s. Furthermore, the proposed method achieves a detection precision of 76.0% on the PASCAL VOC2007 dataset, surpassing several outstanding methods.
Pixel-wise exposure control for single-shot HDR imaging: A joint optimization approach
Authors: Liang Yu , Huang Honghao , He Yutong , Hu Chengyang , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei
Published: June 2024

Dynamic range is one of the primary limitations that restricts digital image sensors from acquiring more visual information. Current high dynamic range (HDR) imaging techniques entail a trade-off between dynamic range and visual fidelity. In this work, we propose a HDR imaging method, termed PE-HDR, to achieve both a wide dynamic range and high visual fidelity without additional complex post-processing algorithms. Instead of merging a bracketed exposure sequence, the PE-HDR captures HDR images in a single shot using optical coded pixel-wise exposure control, enabling cost-effective and flexible HDR imaging. By incorporating a differentiable optical encoder and a neural network decoder, we jointly optimize the imaging pipeline from light irradiance to digital image signals, thereby refining the pixel-wise exposure control strategy and improving image fidelity. Both simulations and experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a dynamic range of up to 120 dB and an excellent visual fidelity with spatial resolution of up to 2560 × 1600 pixels.
Effect of fracturing on transient pressure fluctuation of tubing in ultra-deep well
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Zhang Zhi , He Xiaohong , Yang Qiang , Chen Xiang
Published: June 2024

The tubing is prone to failure during the fracturing process because of the high pressure and massive flow of the fracturing fluid. The fast change in pressure and velocity inside the tubing caused by an instantaneous shift in the flow boundary of the fracturing fluid can lead to tubing failure or possibly fracture, which poses a major risk to the integrity of the wellbore. In the process of high pump pressure and large displacement fracturing in ultra-deep wells, the calculation model of fluid hammer in the fracturing string is constructed in this article in accordance with the instantaneous pump stop condition. The quasi-dynamic boundary conditions of fracturing fluid are also considered. It is discovered how wellhead pressure is affected by pump stop time and fracturing fluid displacement. In this paper, the model is verified based on the field fracturing data of an ultra-deep well and the error between the calculated value and the field value is 1.04%. The simulation results show that the wellhead pressure declines once the pump is turned off, fluctuates close to the equilibrium pressure value, and the magnitude of the fluctuation steadily shrinks until it reaches the equilibrium pressure. The difference between the peak pressure and the stable value is within 5 MPa, and the difference is 2.61 MPa under the fracturing condition of the example well in this paper. The shorter the pump shutdown time, the earlier the inflection point appears, and the greater the pressure mutation value. In the five groups of pump stop time set in this paper, when the stop time is 2.5 s, the peak pressure can reach 80.35 MPa, which is 24.77 MPa higher than the peak pressure when the pump stops for 12.5 s. Proppant content combined with appropriate wellhead pump pressure can reduce the wellhead pump stop pressure under the premise of supporting the formation fracture is not closed. In addition, when the proppant content in the fracturing fluid is high, the additional axial force on the tubing is large and the fluctuation is advanced.
Impact of interfacial curvature on molecular properties of aqueous interfaces
Authors: de la Puente M. , Laage D.
Published: June 2024

The curvature of soft interfaces plays a crucial role in determining their mechanical and thermodynamic properties, both at macroscopic and microscopic scales. In the case of air/water interfaces, particular attention has recently focused on water microdroplets, due to their distinctive chemical reactivity. However, the specific impact of curvature on the molecular properties of interfacial water and interfacial reactivity has so far remained elusive. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to determine the effect of curvature on a broad range of structural, dynamical, and thermodynamical properties of the interface. For a droplet, a flat interface, and a cavity, we successively examine the structure of the hydrogen-bond network and its relation to vibrational spectroscopy, the dynamics of water translation, rotation, and hydrogen-bond exchanges, and the thermodynamics of ion solvation and ion-pair dissociation. Our simulations show that curvature predominantly impacts the hydrogen-bond structure through the fraction of dangling OH groups and the dynamics of interfacial water molecules. In contrast, curvature has a limited effect on solvation and ion-pair dissociation thermodynamics. For water microdroplets, this suggests that the curvature alone cannot fully account for the distinctive reactivity measured in these systems, which are of great importance for catalysis and atmospheric chemistry.
An equivalent surface model bridging intermolecular interactions and the normalization of substrate wettability
Authors: Peng Niming , Wang Lanlan , Wei Rong , Li Guojun , Jiang Wei , Jiang Weitao , Liu Hongzhong
Published: June 2024

A liquid deposited on a solid surface exhibits various wetting properties, primarily influenced by solid–liquid intermolecular interactions. Achieving a well-estimation of wetting behaviors on textured surfaces remains challenging because the influence of surface textures on intermolecular interactions is unclear. Here, an equivalent surface model is proposed to unify the wettability of both plane and textured substrates through intermolecular interactions. We show that by incorporating intermolecular interactions, lattice structures, and surface topographies, the substrate wettability can be tailored in an equivalent plane with the same average Lennard–Jones potential energy field E. The wettability of one substrate (plane or patterned) is transferred from non-wetting, partial wetting to complete wetting by adjusting the potential well depth of E, εa. With enhancing εa, complete wetting is achieved under the critical potential well depth of E, εac. Before εac, the spreading radius grows as R ∼ t1/1.47 until reaches equilibrium. In this scenario, the equilibrium contact angle θ and spreading factor β are strongly dependent on εa, and cos θ is linear to εa. When exceeding εac, complete wetting is achieved, and droplets spread with a precursor film as R ∼ t1/2.3 latterly. This model builds a bridge to link intermolecular interactions and substrate wettability normalization. This strategy offers a framework for substrate surface design and wettability manipulation, catering to applications such as photoresist-drop dispensing in nanoimprint lithography, surface design for grating antifouling, and anti-icing on aircraft surfaces.
Turbulence generation in transonic shock diffraction
Authors: Das Debayan , Pal Ribhu , Roy Arnab
Published: June 2024

In this Letter, we have quantified the zones of turbulence in transonic shock diffraction across a 90° step corner using Lamb vector analysis. We have analyzed the nature of the three-dimensional turbulence structures using invariants of the velocity gradient tensor. From our results, we conclude that the vortex-induced shock, the lambda shock on the shear layer, and the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability forming on the shear layer are the main contributors in turbulence generation. In our study, we have shown that two-dimensional simulations can resolve the gasdynamic behavior accurately, though three-dimensional simulations are required to understand turbulent structures.
Dynamics of a stage-structured predator–prey system with fear-induced group defense in autonomous and nonautonomous settings
Authors: Roy Subarna , Sajan  , Tiwari Pankaj Kumar , Dubey Balram
Published: June 2024

In this investigation, we construct a predator–prey model that distinguishes between immature and mature prey, highlighting group defense strategies within the mature prey. First, we embark on exploring the positivity and boundedness of the solution, unraveling sustainable equilibrium points, and deducing their stability conditions. Upon further investigation, we observe that the system exhibits diverse bifurcations, including Hopf, saddle-node, transcritical, generalized Hopf, cusp, and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations. The results reveal that heightened fear decreases mature prey density, potentially causing prey extinction beyond a certain threshold. Increased maturation rates lead to the coexistence of immature and mature prey populations and higher predator density. Stronger group defense boosts mature prey density, while weaker defense results in weak persistence. Lower values of the maturation rate of prey and the decline rate of predators sustain only the predator population, reliant on resources other than focal prey. Furthermore, our model demonstrates intriguing and diverse dynamical phenomena, including various forms of bistability across distinct bi-parameter planes. We also explore the dynamics of a related nonautonomous system, where certain parameters are considered to vary with time. In the seasonally forced model, we set out to define criteria regarding the existence and stability of positive periodic solutions. Numerical investigations into the seasonally forced model uncover a spectrum of dynamics, ranging from simple periodic solutions to higher periodicities, bursting patterns, and chaotic behavior.
Analysis of the influence of temperature on the adsorption characteristics of coal: Insights into low-temperature outburst prevention
Authors: Huang Laisheng , Li Bo , Wu Bing , Li Chao , Wang Jingxin
Published: June 2024

To investigate the impact of temperature reduction on the adsorption characteristics of coal gas, isothermal adsorption experiments were conducted with environmental temperature and moisture content as variables. The changing patterns of coal gas adsorption characteristics, adsorption theories, and the temperature response of gas expansion were analyzed. Furthermore, engineering measures for preventing gas outbursts in low-temperature frozen coal seams were discussed. The research findings indicate that the gas adsorption capacity of coal samples increases with decreasing temperature. When the temperature decreases from 20 to −20 °C, the gas adsorption capacity decreases from 34.48 to 19.90 cm3/g. At the same pressure, the adsorption capacity of coal is negatively correlated with temperature. The Langmuir theoretical model better reflects the adsorption law of coal gas under different environmental temperature conditions, wherein the adsorption constant “a” gradually decreases with the increase in environmental temperature. In a closed space, the gas pressure decreases with the decrease in coal sample temperature. Under the new adsorption equilibrium, the gas pressure in the coal sample tank decreases linearly with temperature. Coal samples with different moisture contents exhibit varying degrees of decrease in gas pressure at the same temperature, with higher moisture content resulting in a smaller decrease in gas pressure. Gas expansion energy decreases linearly with the decrease in coal temperature, indicating a proportional relationship between gas expansion energy and coal gas release pressure. As the temperature decreases, the gas pressure decreases. Based on the experimental results, a synergistic approach for preventing gas outbursts through low-temperature freezing is proposed.
Psychosocial experiences are associated with human brain mitochondrial biology
Authors: Trumpff Caroline , Monzel Anna S. , Sandi Carmen , Menon Vilas , Klein Hans-Ulrich , Fujita Masashi , Lee Annie , Petyuk Vladislav A. , Hurst Cheyenne , Duong Duc M. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Wingo Aliza P. , Wingo Thomas S. , Wang Yanling , Thambisetty Madhav , Ferrucci Luigi , Bennett David A. , De Jager Philip L. , Picard Martin
Published: June 2024

Psychosocial experiences affect brain health and aging trajectories, but the molecular pathways underlying these associations remain unclear. Normal brain function relies on energy transformation by mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Two main lines of evidence position mitochondria both as targets and drivers of psychosocial experiences. On the one hand, chronic stress exposure and mood states may alter multiple aspects of mitochondrial biology; on the other hand, functional variations in mitochondrial OxPhos capacity may alter social behavior, stress reactivity, and mood. But are psychosocial exposures and subjective experiences linked to mitochondrial biology in the human brain? By combining longitudinal antemortem assessments of psychosocial factors with postmortem brain (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) proteomics in older adults, we find that higher well-being is linked to greater abundance of the mitochondrial OxPhos machinery, whereas higher negative mood is linked to lower OxPhos protein content. Combined, positive and negative psychosocial factors explained 18 to 25% of the variance in the abundance of OxPhos complex I, the primary biochemical entry point that energizes brain mitochondria. Moreover, interrogating mitochondrial psychobiological associations in specific neuronal and nonneuronal brain cells with single-nucleus RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed strong cell-type-specific associations for positive psychosocial experiences and mitochondria in glia but opposite associations in neurons. As a result, these “mind-mitochondria” associations were masked in bulk RNA-seq, highlighting the likely underestimation of true psychobiological effect sizes in bulk brain tissues. Thus, self-reported psychosocial experiences are linked to human brain mitochondrial phenotypes.
The time course of person perception from voices in the brain
Authors: Lavan Nadine , Rinke Paula , Scharinger Mathias
Published: June 2024

When listeners hear a voice, they rapidly form a complex first impression of who the person behind that voice might be. We characterize how these multivariate first impressions from voices emerge over time across different levels of abstraction using electroencephalography and representational similarity analysis. We find that for eight perceived physical (gender, age, and health), trait (attractiveness, dominance, and trustworthiness), and social characteristics (educatedness and professionalism), representations emerge early (~80 ms after stimulus onset), with voice acoustics contributing to those representations between ~100 ms and 400 ms. While impressions of person characteristics are highly correlated, we can find evidence for highly abstracted, independent representations of individual person characteristics. These abstracted representationse merge gradually over time. That is, representations of physical characteristics (age, gender) arise early (from ~120 ms), while representations of some trait and social characteristics emerge later (~360 ms onward). The findings align with recent theoretical models and shed light on the computations underpinning person perception from voices.
Denisovan admixture facilitated environmental adaptation in Papua New Guinean populations
Authors: Yermakovich Danat , André Mathilde , Brucato Nicolas , Kariwiga Jason , Leavesley Matthew , Pankratov Vasili , Mondal Mayukh , Ricaut François-Xavier , Dannemann Michael
Published: June 2024

Neandertals and Denisovans, having inhabited distinct regions in Eurasia and possibly Oceania for over 200,000 y, experienced ample time to adapt to diverse environmental challenges these regions presented. Among present-day human populations, Papua New Guineans (PNG) stand out as one of the few carrying substantial amounts of both Neandertal and Denisovan DNA, a result of past admixture events with these archaic human groups. This study investigates the distribution of introgressed Denisovan and Neandertal DNA within two distinct PNG populations, residing in the highlands of Mt Wilhelm and the lowlands of Daru Island. These locations exhibit unique environmental features, some of which may parallel the challenges that archaic humans once confronted and adapted to. Our results show that PNG highlanders carry higher levels of Denisovan DNA compared to PNG lowlanders. Among the Denisovan-like haplotypes with higher frequencies in highlander populations, those exhibiting the greatest frequency difference compared to lowlander populations also demonstrate more pronounced differences in population frequencies than frequency-matched nonarchaic variants. Two of the five most highly differentiated of those haplotypes reside in genomic areas linked to brain development genes. Conversely, Denisovan-like haplotypes more frequent in lowlanders overlap with genes associated with immune response processes. Our findings suggest that Denisovan DNA has provided genetic variation associated with brain biology and immune response to PNG genomes, some of which might have facilitated adaptive processes to environmental challenges.
Measuring the linguistic similarity of discourse from open-world role-playing games to the real world through an additive multidimensional analysis
Authors: Dixon Daniel H.
Published: June 2024

Digital games can provide rich sources of second language (L2) input; however, the extent to which gaming discourse is similar to real-world discourse has been a topic of debate in the computer-assisted language learning community. To quantitatively measure the extent to which gaming discourse shares linguistic similarity with real-world discourse, this study reports the findings of an additive multidimensional (MD) analysis comparing registers in open-world role-playing games to real-world registers using Biber’s (1988) Dimension 1: ‘Involved versus Informational Production.’ Results indicate that gaming discourse provides extensive language exposure that shares much linguistic similarity across a wide range of real-world contexts. Importantly, however, these similarities only become salient when the situational characteristics of gaming discourse are considered and parsed appropriately into register categories.
Leep2A and Leep2B function as a RasGAP complex to regulate macropinosome formation
Authors: Chao Xiaoting , Yang Yihong , Gong Weibin , Zou Songlin , Tu Hui , Li Dong , Feng Wei , Cai Huaqing
Published: June 2024

Macropinocytosis mediates the non-selective bulk uptake of extracellular fluid, enabling cells to survey the environment and obtain nutrients. A conserved set of signaling proteins orchestrates the actin dynamics that lead to membrane ruffling and macropinosome formation across various eukaryotic organisms. At the center of this signaling network are Ras GTPases, whose activation potently stimulates macropinocytosis. However, how Ras signaling is initiated and spatiotemporally regulated during macropinocytosis is not well understood. By using the model system Dictyostelium and a proteomics-based approach to identify regulators of macropinocytosis, we uncovered Leep2, consisting of Leep2A and Leep2B, as a RasGAP complex. The Leep2 complex specifically localizes to emerging macropinocytic cups and nascent macropinosomes, where it modulates macropinosome formation by regulating the activities of three Ras family small GTPases. Deletion or overexpression of the complex, as well as disruption or sustained activation of the target Ras GTPases, impairs macropinocytic activity. Our data reveal the critical role of fine-tuning Ras activity in directing macropinosome formation.
Gamma-ray spectroscopy of 55Sc
Authors: Zidarova R , Cortés M L , Werner V , Koseoglou P , Pietralla N , Doornenbal P , Obertelli A , Otsuka T , Tsunoda Y , Utsuno Y , Achouri N L , Baba H , Browne F , Calvet D , Château F , Chen S , Chiga N , Corsi A , Delbart A , Gheller J-M , Giganon A , Gillibert A , Hilaire C , Isobe T , Kobayashi T , Kubota Y , Lapoux V , Liu H N , Motobayashi T , Murray I , Otsu H , Panin V , Paul N , Rodriguez W , Sakurai H , Sasano M , Steppenbeck D , Stuhl L , Sun Y L , Togano Y , Uesaka T , Wimmer K , Yoneda K , Aktas O , Aumann T , Chung L X , Flavigny F , Franchoo S , Gasparic I , Gerst R-B , Gibelin J , Hahn K I , Kim D , Koiwai T , Kondo Y , Lee J , Lehr C , Linh B D , Lokotko T , MacCormick M , Moschner K , Nakamura T , Park S Y , Rossi D , Sahin E , Söderström P-A , Sohler D , Takeuchi S , Toernqvist H , Vaquero V , Wagner V , Wang S , Xu X , Yamada H , Yan D , Yang Z , Yasuda M , Zanetti L
Published: June 2024

The N = 34 isotope 55Sc has been investigated using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Spectra from the direct (p, pn) reaction as well as indirect reaction channels have been investigated. γ rays with energies 496(10), 570(12), 682(14), 1510(30), 1780(36), 2345(57) and 2470(50) keV have been observed. A level scheme was constructed based on γ
γ coincidence analysis and relative intensities. The results have been compared to the level scheme already reported in literature, as well as to large-scale shell model calculations in the sd − pf model space. A new level at 1510keV, decaying directly to the ground state, has been proposed and spin-parity J

π
= 7/2− was tentatively assigned. The effect of including the ν
g
9/2 orbital is discussed. It can be concluded that the main low-energy properties of 55Sc seem to be included in the original sd − pf model space.
New interaction solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov-type system and fusion phenomena
Authors: Wang Guo-Hua , Lin Ji , Shen Shou-Feng
Published: June 2024

By means of the multilinear variable separation (MLVS) approach, new interaction solutions with low-dimensional arbitrary functions of the (2+1)-dimensional Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov-type system are constructed. Four-dromion structure, ring-parabolic soliton structure and corresponding fusion phenomena for the physical quantity

U
=
λ

(
ln
f
)

xy

are revealed for the first time. This MLVS approach can also be used to deal with the (2+1)-dimensional Sasa–Satsuma system.
Masses and decays of triply-heavy pentaquarks*
Authors: Liu 刘 Chang-Le 常乐 , Zhang 张 Wen-Xuan 文轩 , Jia 贾 Duo-Jie 多杰
Published: June 2024

In this study, we analyzed masses and decays of triply-heavy pentaquarks

in the unified MIT bag model. We construct the color-spin wave functions of the triply-heavy pentaquarks and use the numerical variational method to compute all the ground-state masses of these systems. By excluding the scattering states in configuration spsce, we computed the decay width ratios of each decay channel relative to the maximum width for the compact pentaquark states, obtaining the main decay modes of the triply-heavy pentaquark systems.
Preliminary study of liquefaction potential on the NYIA-Kulon Progo Toll Road Construction Project (Klaten Interchange STA 21+800 – 22+300)
Authors: Yoga Aditama Ferdian , Alansyah Firdian , Pandu Gya Nur Rochman Juan , Gimawan Budi
Published: June 2024

The Solo-Jogja NYIA Kulon Progo toll road construction project section 1 package 1.1, which connects Kartasura to Klaten Regency. Based on the regional geological conditions, the Klaten interchange at STA 21+800-22+300 is situated in the Opak Merapi-Merbabu fault area predominantly composed of sandy lithology. Consequently, there is a potential for liquefaction when an earthquake occurs. This research analysis of liquefaction potential using a field test data approach, namely the SPT (Standard Penetration Test) was conducted to assess the seismic and subsurface conditions at Klaten Interchange STA 21+800 - 22+300. The seismic conditions at the Klaten interchange, located 6-7 km from the Opak fault, result in a Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) value of 0.78 g, corresponding to class 5 on the BMKG MMI scale, potentially causing serious damage to buildings. The VS30 value in the research area ranges from 278.9 - 654.3 m/s, indicating a medium soil type. Subsurface conditions at STA 21+800-21+300 are divided into three zones based on the distance of each borehole. The SPT result shows that zone 1 is dominated by Silty Sand with Loose to Medium Dense consistency, zone 2 is dominated by Silty Sand to Sand with Medium Dense to Very Dense consistency, zone 3 is dominated by Silty Sand with a Medium Dense to Very Dense consistency. The results of the liquefaction potential calculation study indicate that several borehole points have the potential for liquefaction because the safety factor (FS) value is less than 1. Zone 1 has three points that have the potential for liquefaction: DBs-01, DBs-05, and DBs-07. Zone 2 includes two points with potential liquefaction: DBs-08 and DBs-09. Zone 3 has one point with potential for liquefaction: DBs-10.
Use of spatial autocorrelation of microtremor using L- and triangle- arrays for estimations of S-wave velocity model and soil response at ITS Surabaya
Authors: Mukhbitah S P , Saifuddin S , Sungkono S , Minarto E
Published: June 2024

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Surabaya is geologically vulnerable to earthquake hazards. Therefore, preparedness is necessary to address emergencies and risks caused by earthquake at ITS Surabaya. In this study, dispersion curve were obtained through the analysis of microtremor data using the Spatial Autocorrelation (SPAC) method. Microtremor data acquisition was performed at the PLN ITS Futsal Field using L- and triangle-arrays. We successfully got dispersion curves from both arrays. The shear wave velocity (Vs) profile and the best model of Vs profile for each array were obtained by inverting the dispersion curves. By using a two-layer model, the first layer produces identical velocities with a depth of 5.44 meters for an L-array and 5.02 meters for a triangle array. In the second layer, the resulting velocities for each array have quite a difference. The best model of Vs profile for both arrays were used to analyse 1D soil response with a linear approach in the frequency domain. Parameters including Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), 5% damped Pseudo Spectral Acceleration (PSA), and Fourier Amplitude Ratio (FAR) were obtained from the linear approach analysis that could describe the ground’s response to seismic waves. Vs influences the soil response, the higher the difference in Vs values of a layer with the layer below it (half-space), the higher the increase in PGA, PSA, and FAR.
The Characterization of Structures and Porosity of Abaca Fiber
Authors: Indrawati Susilo , Yuwana Lila , Suyatno  , Zainuri Mochamad
Published: June 2024

Abaca fiber is one of the superior natural fibers in Indonesia. This fiber is also exported abroad as raw material for banknotes. Abaca fiber has superior mechanical properties including tensile strength and Young’s modulus test values. In this research, a more detailed characterization of abaca fiber has been carried out based on XRD, Gravimetry, SEM and BET analysis (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller). XRD characterization showed a relationship curve between intensity and 2θ resembling a cellulose curve. While gravimetric testing revealed three main components of abaca fibers in succession; cellulose 72.25%, hemicellulose 8.56% and lignin 8.69%. This high cellulose component caused abaca fiber to have high mechanical capabilities. BET analysis presented that abaca fiber has a Surface area 28.63 m2g−1, pore volume 0.09 ccg−1, and average pore size 4.94 nm. From the results of the analysis obtained proved that abaca fiber can be used as an alternative reinforcer in composite materials that can be applied as building materials (concrete) and acoustic materials (absorbers). In addition, abaca fiber is a natural fiber that is easily cultivated in Indonesia which is environmentally friendly and able to increase local wisdom if used scientifically.
Synthesis Routes of Sulfur-doped Porous Carbon from Mask Wastes for the Application of Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Rahmadyanti Dylia , Fitriani  , Asih Retno , Nurdiansah Haniffudin , Karim Norizah A. , Sari Dita P. , Bahfie Fathan , Noerochim Lukman , Ramli Muhammad M. , Darminto
Published: June 2024

Increasing demand of energy storage devices stimulates growing research in supercapacitors technologies. Waste-based supercapacitor electrodes has become one of areas to be explored as they offer an environmentally friendly approach. Here we synthesis porous carbon from wastes of medical masks which have been generated a lot since the pandemic. Medical masks are composed of polypropylene which have high porosity; hence they have a potential to be used as a porous carbon source for supercapacitor applications. The synthesis routes include a solvothermal process inside a Teflon autoclave in a microwave and a washing process using dilute acid solution and distilled water. The routes successfully transform polypropylene to porous carbon, confirmed by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX and Raman spectrum analyses. The present of C-S bond are indicated from FTIR spectrum, implying a successful doping of sulphur into porous carbon. The electrochemical analysis of the prepared electrode using cyclic voltammetry shows an EDLC-like feature with high specific capacitance of ∼375 Fg−1 at the scan rate of 5 mV/s.
Effect of N doping on Electronic Band Structure and Magnetic Moments in Graphene Sheets: Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Nenohai A J W T , Santana F M , Asih R , Arifin R , Darminto
Published: June 2024

Graphene has become a material that is often discussed recently because of its unique properties. One of the obstacles in using graphene as a nanoelectronic device is its zero band gap energy. One effort that can be made to open this energy gap is by substituting N atoms. In this research, spin-polarization density functional theory is studied. We simulated 4 x 4 single-layer graphene supercells with varying numbers of N atom substitutions (N = 0, 1, 2 atoms). The GGA – PBE function is used in this modeling to complement the exchange – correlation potential. The result obtained is an open energy band gap when the Nitrogen atom is substituted. Nitrogen substituted in the form of graphite – N also causes the emergence of a magnetic moment in graphene, with a Fermi energy value for pristine graphene of -0.4607 eV, for G1N of -1.6140 eV, and for G2N of -1.3346 eV. These results pave the way for research and development of graphene in its application as electronic nanodevices.
Effect of Boron Substitution on Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Single-Layered Graphene Studied by Density Functional Theory Method
Authors: Agustin A D , Asih R , Arifin R , Darminto
Published: June 2024

Graphene is a two-dimensional material that has special characteristics. The electronic properties of graphene show zero band gap conditions. The magnetic properties of graphene can be created by modifying the electronic properties through atomic substitution. In this research, we study the magnetic and electronic properties of single-layer graphene substituted with boron (B) atoms, because it has almost the same atomic radius as carbon (C) atoms, resulting in only small lattice deformation. The spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) method implemented in the Quantum Espresso package was selected to perform the calculations. The simulated models are a 4×4×1 supercell of pristine graphene structure consisting of 32 C atoms and boron-substituted graphene with a variety number of atoms (B = 1 and 2 atoms). The results of band gap energy obtained after the structure was optimized are 0.19 and 0.21 eV (spin-down and spin-up) for G-B and 0.36 and 0.37 eV (spin-down and spin-up) for G-2B. Boron substitution in graphene opens the bandgap and shifts the Fermi energy level. It also influences the magnetic moment of the graphene layer, estimated at 0.22 and 0.06 μB/cell for G-B and G-2B, respectively. This research shows that modifying graphene by substituting boron makes the graphene material semiconductive and weakly magnetic.
Antireflective Double Layer Coating Based on SiO2/MgF2 Films with Various Substrate BK7 Glass and Corning Glass
Authors: Faridawati F , Sudarsono  , Sholih Ahmad , Purwandari Endhah , Yudoyono Gatut
Published: June 2024

To preserve the environment and raise the standard of production and life, the efficient utilization of solar energy is particularly important. Without coating treatment, interface reflection will cause the optical system’s transmitted light intensity to decrease, making it less effective to operate. This paper introduces the general situation for antireflective coatings consisting of SiO2/MgF2 films, fabricated on the various substrate BK7 glass and corning glass, by using a combination of spin coating and spray pyrolysis methods. This paper explains the optical characteristics impacts caused by the usage of different substrate. Comparing SiO2/MgF2 films coated on BK 7 glass to those coated on Corning glass, we found that the former has a higher transmittance value in the 350-1000 nm wavelength range, making it more effective for antireflective double layer coating.
Thermal stability of light transmission on tapered plastic optical fibre coated with PMMA/zircon composites
Authors: Pratama D Y , Kurnia Y , Hatta A M , Pratapa S
Published: June 2024

A study on thermal stability of light transmission on tapered plastic optical fibre (TPOF) due to PMMA/zircon composites coating has been performed. The zircon filler was obtained from purified local zircon sand. The PMMA/zircon composites were produced utilizing acetone at a temperature of 50°C. The TPOF was subjected to a dip coating procedure to apply composite coatings at varying zircon of 0, 0.5, and 1 wt.%. The characterization of light transmission on coated the TPOF, investigated at an environmental temperature range of 30 to 60°C, was conducted using an optical power meter (OPM) and a spectrometer. Based on the OPM measurements, it is known that the output power of the composite coated TPOF exhibits a high degree of linearity, even when subjected to varying environmental temperatures. The coated composite material also exhibits the capability to withstand wavelength peak shift. Therefore, it can be inferred that the composites could resist fluctuations in external temperatures. To fulfil additional objectives, the composite material can be employed as a protective layer for TPOF applications, particularly while operated at temperatures exceeding the ambient conditions.
Effect of Delignification Method on the type of Cellulose Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) as a Material for Sustainable Sodium-Ion Battery Technology
Authors: Anugerah Putra Pradana Revaldo , Rafi Setopratama Andyan , Zulaiha Ahmad Chanifa , Prasetyo Andry , Nur Abti Salsabilla , Darminto
Published: June 2024

Biopolymers developed for solid electrolyte materials of sodium-ion batteries are of great interest these days. The main precursor in the form of cellulose biopolymers has been successfully isolated from water hyacinths (Eichornia crassipes). The first stage is maceration using 2% NaOH to produce cellulose-Iα and Ethanol 60% to produce cellulose-Iβ by hydrothermal reaction process at 150 °C and continued at the bleaching stage with H2O2 solution at 50 °C until it changes color. Then the sample is washed to a neutral pH and dried in an oven at 60 °C. Cellulose-Iα yields were obtained with a yield of 33.98% and cellulose-Iβ of 39.11%. The cellulose-I that has been obtained is modified to obtain cellulose-II type by mercerization method, where cellulose-I type is reacted with 20% NaOH for 5 hours. The mixture is then washed to neutral and dried. Cellulose-II yield was obtained with a yield of 69.21%. Samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The cellulose content of hyacinths before delignification was 36.69%. The cellulose content of hyacinths after delignification for cellulose-Iα and cellulose-Iβ types was 64.26% and 48.58% respectively. FTIR analysis proved the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups in hyacinth cellulose. XRD analysis showed that all three samples were identified with cellulose-Iα, cellulose-Iβ, and cellulose-II amorphous structures with a crystallinity index of 28.62% and the largest crystallite size based on the hkl field (121) of cellulose-Iβ type samples was ~10 nm. SEM analysis shows that cellulose-Iα, cellulose-Iβ has a slim fiber diameter size and straight, smooth surface and microfibrils around the fiber. While cellulose-II shows visualization of a diameter that looks larger and twisted, the surface is rough and there are no microfibrils around the fibers.
Enhanced Conductive and Optical Properties of TiO2/PANI Composites Synthesized by in-situ Chemical Oxidation Polymerization Route
Authors: Latifah Umi , Salsabila Nisrina K , Yudhoyono Gatut
Published: June 2024

Polyaniline titania composites have been investigated due to their unique chemical and physical properties. This study synthesized several PANI/TiO2 composites with different mol% of PANI using in-situ oxidative polymerization methods. TiO2 was obtained by coprecipitation methods. The functional group analysis carried out using Fourier transform Infrared reflectance, it was found that PAni/TiO2 had been successfully created, which was indicated by the absence of new peaks. Based on the results of measuring absorbance in the Ultraviolet-Visible wavelength, it was found that the composite material made had a wider absorption range compared to its constituents. The electrical conductivity of composites was shown to have a higher value than TiO2. From these results, it was found that the PANI/TiO2 composite material has greater photoactivity than TiO2.
The effects of calcination heating rate on phase formation and structure of zircon sand-derived zirconia
Authors: Eka Wahyuni Afra , Hariyanto Budi , Yan Pratama Detak , Yani Purwaningsih Sri , Pratapa Suminar
Published: June 2024

Phase formation and structure examination has been conducted to study the effects of thermal treatment and heating rates on zircon (ZrSiO4) sand-derived zirconia (ZrO2). A preliminary investigation of the elements present in the sand using XRF revealed that Zr was the major element, corresponding to 92.4% of the sample. The zirconia precursor was synthesized through a three-stage process that involves purifying zircon powder, alkali fusion, and co-precipitation method. The zirconia crystal was obtained by heating the sample to 700, 800 and 900 °C with heating rates of 5 and 10 °C/min, respectively. The formation of tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) with space group P42/nmc is shown in a qualitative study of all sample XRD patterns. Furthermore, Rietveld analysis was used to determine crystal structure parameters including lattice parameters and tetragonality. The calcination temperature and heating rate decide the phase, t-ZrO2 crystallite size, and tetragonality. Furthermore, calcining to 700 and 800 °C created t-ZrO2, however, elevated temperature to 900 °C lead to t→m transformation. The t-ZrO2 size increases with temperature between 700 and 900 °C, range of 9 and 15 nm. Meanwhile, the tetragonality of t-ZrO2 tends to decrease due to m-ZrO2 being present.
Activation energy and crystal growth coefficient determination of t-ZrO2 using high-temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction
Authors: Misdayanti  , Akifah Nur , Hariyanto Budi , Saiyasombat Chatree , Yan Pratama Detak , Yani Purwaningsih Sri , Pratapa Suminar
Published: June 2024

Activation energy and crystal growth coefficient of t-ZrO2 (tetragonal zirconia) were determined through an in-situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) experiment. The t-ZrO2 precursor was synthesized through (a) purification of zircon sand from Kereng Pangi, Kalimantan to zircon powder, (b) alkali fusion, and (c) co-precipitation. High-temperature SR-XRD experiments were carried out with varying holding times of 1, 2, and 3 hours at 900, 950, and 1000 °C, respectively, where the formation and crystal growth of t-ZrO2 were observed. The diffraction patterns show that t-ZrO2 has formed at 900°C for 1 hour and it grows accordingly. The effect of the heating temperature and holding time on the crystal growth shows that the size of hot crystals increases with increasing temperature and holding time. It is found that the activation energy of t-ZrO2, in general, decreases with holding time, i.e. from 75.3 kJ/mol (3 h) to 57.3 (1h). Meanwhile, Beck’s crystal growth coefficient value is between 0.3 at 900 °C and 0.2 at 1000 °C.