bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restorations: selection and placement*
Authors: Lester Keith S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Some basic principles on the selection and use of amalgam, silicate and composite resins are discussed. The characteristics and limitations, advantages and disadvantages of each are assessed and the difficulties in evaluating clinical trails emphasized.
Diagnosis, treatment planning and referral by school dental therapists
Authors: Roder D. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— ‐The capacity of 47 dental therapists to recognize carious lesions, poor oral hygiene and chronic marginal gingivitis and to plan treatment for caries in groups of 10 school children in the South Australian School Dental Service was assessed. In general, the therapists seemed competent to perform these duties.

Their ability to make appropriate referrals to dentists and to provide certain statistical data was also evaluated.

In South Australia, examinations made by therapists are checked periodically by their regional dentists.
A dental survey of an antenatal population*
Authors: Chapman P. J. , Mackay E. V. , McDonald A. M. , Stoddart R. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A survey to determine the dental knowledge, habits and current dental status of 303 public hospital antenatal patients was undertaken. It was found that 85 per cent of the group needed dental treatment, and this was considered urgent in over one‐third of the cases. The medical profession should be made more aware of this problem, and there is need for improved inter‐professional liaison in this field.
Iontophoresis. A method of increasing the effects of fluoride dentifrices. A study of rats
Authors: Roberts Michael W. , Henriques Basil L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— ‐A method of increasing the effectiveness of fluoride dentifrices in the prevention of dental caries was investigated. A 0.5‐1.0 milliampere electrical current at 1.5 volt electrical potential was applied to the dentifrice as it was placed in contact with the teeth of the test animals. A 0.4 per cent stannous fluoride‐calcium pyrophosphate dentifrice and a 0.76 per cent sodium monofluorophosphate‐insoluble sodium metaphosphate dentifrice were used in the study. Iontophoresis increased the effectiveness of both dentifrices but the 0.76 per cent sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice was enhanced significantly greater under the conditions of this investigation.
Community dental health survey. Sydney Metropolitan Area—1972
Authors: Barnard P. D. , Minns M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Dental practitioners examined, in the home, after a previous interview by dental students, 1,354 subjocts randomly selected from the Sydney Metropolitan Area. The greatest increase in carious teeth was found from 15 at 20 years to 20 at 40 years of ago, about two teeth per person required fillings and the number of teeth missing increased more as a result of caries than periodontal disease in the older people. Fifteen per cent of subjects wore edentulous and only 15 per cent visited their dentist in the previous year on an average of 2.5 times.
A broken hypodermic needle. A case report
Authors: Summers L. , Hutchinson D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A hypodermic needle embedded in the tissues for more than 20 years and associated with persistent pain was removed by dissection. It was found to have a fibrous capsule, was corroded and fractured readily during removal. Histological examination of the capsule showed no inflammatory reaction.
Sealing properties of some root filling materials evaluated with radioisotope
Authors: Holland Roberto , De Souza Valdir , Abdalla Tufy , Russo Marty C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Penetration of a solution of 1131 was observed in vitro in the apical zone of root canals of human teeth filled with zinc oxide eugenol, Rickert's root sealer and Alpha canal paste. With thicker mixes generally less penetration using lateral condensation compared with the thick mix and single cone or fluid mix and lateral condensation.
Posts and cores in divergent canals
Authors: Wearn David I.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Three techniques have been described for the use of precision posts in the reconstruction of endodontically treated teeth. The flexibility of this system allows the maximum objectives of dowel core preparations.
Cementation—materials and techniques*
Authors: Griffith Jack R. , Cannon R. W. S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The properties of both long‐ and short‐term cementing materials (cemats) are stated. The selection of long terra cemats should be guided by oral conditions and possible pulp reaotions. Provision of escapeways and guide grooves is essential, correct mixing and insertion within proper working time must be followed. Short‐term cemats should be used for chocking seating and occlusion. No perfect long‐term cemat is available.
Reduction of the integral absorbed dose with the aid of XRP instruments with a special rectangular collimating device
Authors: van de Poel A. C. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The surface dose at beam entrance measured by ionization chamber (Diamentor) when a long cone technique with extra diaphragm (XRP) was used showed a reduction of 50 per cent in the integral absorbed dose, 912 to 438 gram rads, for complete dental roentgenograms.
Hand, foot and mouth disease
Authors: Keys D. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The clinical course of hand, foot, and mouth disease in a girl 3–5 years old is described and its characteristics compared with other short‐term illnesses having similar oral lesions. The possibility of increased prevalence associated with groater numbers of private swimming pools is suggested.
Hazards in the dental office*
Authors: Barnes Robert
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Four mam groups of hazards for both dentist and patient are discussed. Some of these have been avoided by the use of modern equipment and techniques whilst others have been introduced. The dentist should be constantly aware of the problems and ensure that his own health is not affected.
An analysis of endodontic treatments at a dental school
Authors: Smales R. J. , Makinson O. F. , Heithersay G. S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Analysis of student endodontio treatment in 143 teeth showed a high incidence of positive cultures in initially vital teeth. Radiographic check of the canal point before sealing is important and its position was found unsatisfactory in 32 per cent and after sealing lateral filling defects in the apical third were noted in 25 per cent of teeth. In 18 per cent of cases with periapical lesions root canal sealer was found in the periapical tissues. Assessment by tutors needs to be standardized.
Lateral trepanation of lower third molars*
Authors: Summers L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A technique for the removal in the young teenager of lower third molars that may become impacted in adult life is described. Its advantages over conventional methods are short operating time and absence of disturbance to tissues distal to the second molar.
Regional odontodysplasia. A review and a report of two cases
Authors: Reade P. C. , Radden B. G. , Barke Jennifer J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Two cases of regional odontodysplasia, one with associated dental infection, are described and previous reports of this rare condition are reviewed. Treatmont of the first case presented involved the surgical removal of the affected teeth and surrounding infected tissue.
Dimensional stability and accuracy of rubber impression materials*
Authors: Henry P. J. , Harnist D. J. R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Fourteon rubbor elastomeric impression materials used in single and double mix techniques when examined for dimensional stability and accuracy showetl variations in horizontal dimension depending upon whether singlo or double impressions were used. Two materials showed comparatively less change than tho others and preferable results wore obtained when casts were poured immediately after impressions were taken.
The practical significance of mandibular accessory foramina*
Authors: Sutton R. N.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Study of dried specimens, dissections, radiographic and histologic examination of 300 human mandibles demonstrated the presence on beth internal and external aspects of the bone, of a number of accessory foramina containing nerve fibres. Clinical experience with 130 patients confirms the importance of these findings.

“There is nothing, Sir, too little for so little a creature as man. It is by studying little things that we attain the great art of having as little misery and as much happiness as possible.”—Boswell.
Innervation of the Human Periodontium II. Fine Structure of Simple Mechanoreceptors
Authors: Harris R. , Griffin C. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The fine structure of myelinated nerve fibres and of the proximal, central and distal portions of the simple mechanoreceptors are described and discussed.
Extraction socket healing in the calcium deficient rat
Authors: Smith Neville
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The healing of extraction sockets was studied in normal and calcium deficient rats. New bone formation occurred earlier and proceeded more rapidly in the deficient rats, and the newly formed trabeculae were sparse and delicate but with a similar osteoporotic appearance to the alveolar bone.
A lapping apparatus for hard tissue sections
Authors: Malcolm A. S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A Lapping Apparatus is described which enables sections both embedded and unembedded to be ground plano parallel within ± 1 micron. Sections cemented to steel subplates are retained by a magnetic holder which simplifies loading and unloading. Good surface and edge finish can be obtained and only short lapping times are required.
Excessive long‐term dimensional change of dental amalgam
Authors: Vrijhoef M. M. A. , Spanauf A. J. , Driessens F. C. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Increase in dimension in relation to mercury content, annealing time at 37°C at 24 and 3500 hours and mercury content of dental amalgam mixed by machine and hand‐packed in cylindrical moulds is shown
Innervation of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Griffin C. J. , Harris R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The human temporomandibular joint in transverse and longitudinal section was found to have two types of mechanoreceptors. One of capsular form approximately 40 times 200 μm innervated by myelinated nerve fibres 8 μm in diameter and the other corresponding to the Golgi tendon organ was innervated by myelinated nerve fibres 15 μm in diameter which on entering the tendon organ lost their myelin sheaths.
The treatment of first permanent molars in a school dental programme: Implications for fissure sealants
Authors: Roder D. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Analysis of data derived from the pattern of treatment for first permanent molars in New Zealand school children from fluoridated and non‐fluoridated areas shows that occlusal surfaces became carious at a later age in the former and in such areas sealants could further reduce the need for occlusal restorations. Since occlusoproximal restorations are rare, retention of sealants for long periods is needed.
Oral surgery in general dental practice. The removal of roots
Authors: Summers L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The removal of fractured teeth and retained tooth roots is described in a systematic fashion, with emphasis being placed on such procedures being carried out in general practice. The discussion is aimed at producing sound treatment planning and sequential action in order to achieve best results for patient and surgeon.
Retention with specific and mechanical adhesive lutes
Authors: Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Attention is drawn to some of the fundamental differences between retention afforded by specifically adhesive and mechanically adhesive lutes. Terms are defined and conclusions drawn regarding the present status and potential of polyacrylate cements.
Oral surgery in general dental practice. The removal of maIpositioned premolars and canines
Authors: Summers L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Malposed mandibular and maxillary premolars and canines often cause great difficulties in removal. The ways in which these procedures are accomplished are described in detail.
Cementifying Fibroma. Case report
Authors: Singh Jogindar , Singh Bholla , Saigal R. K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A report of a relatively rare tumour, cementifying fibroma, is presented and briefly discussed.
Epithelial‐mesenchymal interaction in palatal shelf fusion.: An in vitro study
Authors: Goss Alastair N. , Avery James K.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Cleft palate is the result of a number of deviations from normal facial development, including failure of the paired palatal shelves to fuse in the midline. By the use of in vitro techniques it is possible to isolate and study fusion alone. This study investigates some of the epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions involved and finds that contact between two epithelial covered surfaces is essential for fusion.
Technique of surgery of the mandibular joint
Authors: deB. Norman J. E.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A method of surgical access to the temporomandibular joint is described.

An operative technique which widely exposes the temporomandibular joint, safeguards the facial nerve, and is capable of extension is described. Sixty operations have been carried out without permanent facial nerve injury.
A comparison of methods for determining setting rate of amalgam
Authors: Ohashi Masayoshi , Ware Albert L. , Docking Alan R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Four methods were compared for determining the setting rate of amalgams. The resultant order of preference as a standard method was compressive strength at 30 minutes after preparation of the specimen, the time to the last transverse cut on a cylindrical specimen with a “guillotine” blade and the time to non‐fracture of a ball of amalgam with a final set Gillmore needle. A mercury absorption method was unacceptable. Alloys labelled fast and standard setting could be separated and limits between fast and standard alloys have been examined for each method.
An adhesive paint‐on restorative for tooth surface defects
Authors: Lee Henry L. , Orlowski Jan A. , Enabe Enayda M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The physical properties of an adhesive paint‐on restorative material have been examined and it is shown that the adhesion to enamel is good, its compressive strength about equal to silicate, hardness is less than for composite resins, and stain resistance is good.
The properties of four dental cements
Authors: Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Tests on 4 cements showed no significant difference in the retentive property of zinc phosphate and polycarboxylate cements but significant differences existed between these and two zinc oxide eugenol (modified) materials. Polycarboxylate cement was the only material which fractured partially or wholly within the cement film and the zinc oxide eugenol modifications mostly adhered to the inlay.
Odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaws
Authors: Sidhu Sher Singh , Parkash Hari
Published: May 2009

Abstract— In a period of ten years 64 patients with odontogenic cystic lesions were found in 80,408 patients attending the Dental Out‐Patient Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, New Delhi. Two‐thirds of the lesions were found in male patients and no neoplastic lesion was recorded in the maxilla. There were more periodontal cysts in the maxillary than in the mandibular incisor region. The majority of lesions were found in age groups 10–40 years.
The oral health of a group of dental students
Authors: Stoner Joan E.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The oral health of sixty‐two dental students was examined over an interval of two or three years. The results are recorded and certain conclusions reached.
Bases for gold inlays and crown restorations*
Authors: Bryant Roland W. , Wing George
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Modified zinc oxide‐eugenol and calcium hydroxide cements are frequently used as bases beneath restorations. Investigation reveals that the bond strength between different types of cement may be less than that between different consistencies of the same type of dental cement. In some clinical situations, the choice of the type of cement as a base forming material beneath inlays and crowns should be made bearing in mind the type of luting material to be used.
Oral surgery in general dental practice. Apicoectomy
Authors: Summers L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Apicoectomy is a frequently performed operation. In order to produce consistently good results the operation and its varieties are described, with stress being placed on correct assessment of each case prior to surgery.
Reorganization for intravenous procedures in dentistry
Authors: Litchfield N. B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The importance of reorganization for intravenous dental procedures, involving not only premises and equipment but also the dentist and his staff, is emphasised. These matters are discussed in detail with special emphasis on certain essential factors and psychologic aspects.
Practical recording of dental caries increment
Authors: Barnard P. D.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Records obtained from regular dental patients at initial examination are transferred to punch cards. Subsequent data entered on punch cards. Provision is made for transferring basic and amended information to new cards when required. Analysis of incremental data can be used to evaluate changes in practice and assess work load.
Back from the cuspid*
Authors: Taylor A. Thornton
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Denture reduction in formal orthodontic treatment does not appear to prevent the impaction of lower third molars. The extraction of premolar teeth is best carried out as close as possible to the eruption time of the cuspids. The posterior part of the mandibular arch should be evaluated by the study of lateral oblique roentgenograms and one of several options regarding treatment should then be adopted.
Some epidemiological aspects of clefts of the primary and secondary palate in South Australia, 1949–1968†
Authors: Spry C. C. , Nugent M. A. C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The hospital records of 559 children born in South Australia with clefting of the lip and/or palate were analysed and compared with similar reports in epidemiological characteristics.
Eugenol improvement due to aging. A laboratory appraisal
Authors: Nahas M. S. , Valle L. B. S. , Oliveira‐Fllho R. M. , Issaom M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The characteristics of eugenol for dental use appear to improve with age. Exposure to air and light causes certain chemical and physical changes, but the exact nature of the age improvement requires further elucidation.
Oral surgery in general dental practice. Pre‐prosthetic surgery
Authors: Summers L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The types of surgery that can be of most benefit to the denture wearing patient and which can be accomplished within the dental practice are described.
Histological studies of an adhesive paint‐on restorative for cervical erosions
Authors: Lee Henry L. , Orlowskl Jan A. , Scheldt Gary C. , Ibsen Robert L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A histological study of the response in the pulps of human teeth to cervical restorations made with a composite resin following etching of the enamel for 2 minutes with 50 per cent phosphoric acid showed moderate inflammation after 14 days. Three specimens showed normal structure after 98 days. Teeth restored without etching showed only slight inflammation.
Comparison of impact strength of joints made with four dental cements
Authors: Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Tests on 4 cements showed the impact strength of joints between gold and tooth structure varied somewhat with the surface roughness and cementing force. Polycarboxylate provided stronger joints although the results were variable. Little difference was found between zinc phosphate, zinc oxide‐eugenol with polymethyl methacrylate, and zinc oxide‐eugenol with ortho ethoxybenzoic acid.
Anatomical considerations when using endodontic endosseous pins and blade implants
Authors: Barker B. C. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The use of pin and blade implants is evaluated from the point of view of the regional anatomy. Some principles are enunciated and a plea is made for the publication of more clinical analyses.
Long‐standing mandibular dislocation. Two case reports
Authors: Arkins E. , Corbett T. R. , Norman J. E. deB.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Two cases of long‐standing anterior dislocation of the mandible are reported. A protocol of treatment is suggested.
A community dental health project
Authors: Woods Robin
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The incidence of Streptococcus mutans in the dental plaque of primary school children was reduced significantly following the group self application of SnF2ZrSiO4 paste. This confirmed earlier reports of the effect of topical fluoride therapy on Str. mutans in plaque.
Assessment of the status of endodontically treated teeth in patients with cardiovascular abnormality*
Authors: Herd John R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The accuracy of conventional methods of assessing the periradicular tissues, especially important in the case of a patient with cardiovascular abnormality, is questioned. The results of histological assessment in 81 teeth are reported. The ideal of a biological obturation of the root canal is emphasized.
Keratinizing odontogenic cysts: Histologic observations
Authors: Mosadomi Adeyemi
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Three cases of keratocyst are reported and described. In discussion of these lesions a possible relationship to ameloblastoma is suggested.
Free full thickness mucosal grafts in the mouth*
Authors: Fitzpatrick Barry N.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Examples of full thickness mucosal grafts used in sulcoplasty and the closure of defects in the tongue and cheek following tumour ablation are shown and the techniques in their use are demonstrated. The problems and advantages in this are considered.
Correlation between streptococci of human dental plaques and dental caries
Authors: Biral Renato Roberto
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Plaque samples from 27 buccal tooth surfaces were obtained with sterile McCall curettes from available third molars. Bacteriological sampling and biochemical tests were carried out to identify four groups of streptococci, i.e. Str. mutans, Str. spp., Str. sanguis and Str. mitis. Clinical examinations carried out 6 months after the dental scrapings were taken showed a strong positive correlation between detectable lesions and Str. mutans.
Improvement in the properties of gypsum casts by polymer impregnation
Authors: Earnshaw R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— It is known that porous solids such as Portland cement, concrete, and ceramic tile bodies can be strengthened by polymer impregnation. The solid material is infiltrated with a liquid monomer, which is then polymerized in situ. In the present investigation, it has been found that this process is effective for strengthening gypsum casts prepared from ordinary laboratory plaster. Impregnation with poly(methyl methacrylate) confers marked improvements in tensile and compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The process would be particularly applicable to the preservation of study casts for record purposes.
Heat treatment of cast restorations
Authors: Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A survey of commercial dental laboratories in Brisbane indicates that hardening heat treatment of cast restorations, while not always prescribed by the dentist, is performed in most dental laboratories.
Mould‐reaction with gypsum bonded refractory investments
Authors: Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Three series of standard tensile test specimens were produced using the nickel‐base Ticonium Premium 100 alloy cast into a gypsum‐bonded investment. For the first series an average weight metal ingot was used and cast at the temperature determined by the sensing head of the casting machine. For the second series a larger ingot was used, whilst for the third an elevated casting temperature was employed. The degree of investment breakdown resulting from mould reaction was assessed visually and by sulphur determination.
Medico‐dental dilemmas
Authors: Sutherland K. J. G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Patients with a variety of diseases in the oro‐facial region are frequently confused when trying to decide from which of the professions of medicine and dentistry to seek treatment. Furthermore, during the process of arriving at a diagnosis, numerous practitioners and specialists in both professions may be called in for consultation, thus adding to the dilemma. Four cases are reported in this article to illustrate the problem, and some conclusions are drawn as to how it may be minimized albeit not completely solved.
Research into mastication*
Authors: Atkinson H. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— An electronic method of recording displacement was used to study mandibular movement during mastication. The technique enables the parameters of muscle activity, the sound of tooth contact, the force developed between opposing teeth, and the displacement of the mandible to be recorded at the same time on a single U/V chart. Previous reports on mandibular movement using cine‐photographic techniques were confirmed in relation to mastication, but additional information was obtained in relation to muscle activity in the final closing movements. It appears that tooth contact initiates a latent‐silent period in masseter and temporalis which occurs before movement is arrested in the final intercuspal position. It is considered that the kinetic energy of the mandible on closing is reduced by the cessation of activity in these two muscles during the silent period and finally absorbed by the crushing of food during the terminal intercuspal slide to rest. A description of mastication is given and a theory advanced that this may be controlled by a central clock mechanism.
Undergraduate dental education in Queensland
Authors: Kruger B. J.
Published: May 2009

“The greatest public service higher education can perform is to develop people prepared to help solve society's emerging problems — who can articulate their own needs, who can understand the needs of others, and who can thus go on to create new goals and develop new forms of learning and doing. Only people so trained will be able to assume new roles as old ones become obsolete. Only those who have gained confidence in their own identity and direction can create healthy future goals for society. The challenge is to develop future‐oriented self‐directed learners.”—Werdell, 1972.
Denture sore mouth. Aetiological aspects and treatment
Authors: Bastiaan Ross J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Seventy‐four patients wearing full upper and lower dentures were examined in the study; 37 exhibited varying degrees of denture sore mouth (DSM) while the remaining 37 patients acted as controls. Denture trauma was more common in the DSM group. Candida was grown from 73 per cent of patients with DSM but only from 22 per cent of controls. Control patients had better denture hygiene than DSM patients. One year later 22 of the original DSM patients wearing newly made dentures were re‐examined. Nine out of 22 still exhibited varying degrees of DSM. In the 9 cases persisting, a nystatin‐chlorhexidine treatment plan was prescribed, resulting in resolution of 7 further cases. The cases that failed to resolve were wearing unstable traumatogenic new dentures.
Ameloblastoma*
Authors: Herd John R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The ameloblastoma, although a rare neoplasm, is likely to be first seen by the dentist who must be aware of its likelihood and of its varied manifestations. Five case reports presented show variations in the clinical and histological features of this lesion.
Overlay dentures. Philosophy and practice. I*
Authors: Taylor R. L. , Duckmanton N. A. , Boyks G.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A description of overlay dentures with precision attachments using endodontically decoronated roots is given. Problems encountered and the need for careful assessment are discussed and three types of attachment demonstrated.
Fluoridation in Canberra. III. Dental caries after ten years
Authors: Carr L. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The water supply of Canberra was fluoridated in September 1964. This report covers the period 1965 to 1974 during which children aged five to twelve years were examined. These children had lived in Canberra since fluoridation commenced.

In comparison with base‐line data the results showed a progressive improvement in the DMF and def indices. The reduction in the DMF index for children aged six years who were examined in 1974 was 81.0 per cent, and for children aged twelve years it was 48.5 per cent.

The reduction was greatest for incisor teeth.
A study of duplication variables related to partial denture castings
Authors: Goodall T. G. , Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A series of stone duplications of a standard impression die was produced, using a proprietary duplicating material, the various batches of which had been prepared differently. Two different sized duplicating vessels were also employed. The critical dimensions of the stone reproductions were compared with those of the original die. Specimens of each batch of duplicating material were tested to determine the degree of permanent deformation produced by a fixed strain and strain in compression.
Oral surgery in general dental practice. IX. Instruments, pitfalls, errors, and complications
Authors: Summers L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The basic armamentarium needed to carry out most types of intra‐oral surgery is described. Errors and pitfalls in the execution of procedures are discussed and emphasis is placed on the prevention of such difficulties.
Variability of the nasion‐subnasal, subnasalgnathion, and bizygomatic distances of individuals of 6, 7, 11, and 15 years of age and their importance in the determination of the vertical dimension
Authors: Domitti Saide Sarckis , Daruge Eduardo , da Cruz Vivaldo Francisco
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A study of the cephalometric points which represent the height and width of the face was undertaken in the city of Piracicaba on 576 boys and girls aged 6, 7, 11, and 15 years. Analysis of the data shows that the measurements increased progressively and proportionately with age and the importance of the cephalometric points in the determination of the vertical dimension in occlusion.
Taurodontism: The incidence and possible significance of the trait
Authors: Barker B. C. W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Taurodontism is defined and discussed. Its significance is speculated upon and two cases are reported.
The effect of a pilot dental health education programme on high school students
Authors: Roder D. M. , Sundrum P. , Boundy H. , Inger M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A dental health education programme for fourth and fifth year high school students reduced the levels of debris and periodontal disease significantly. Although the use of recommended toothbrushes and fluoride paste was increased the demand for professional care was greater in the control group.
Some aspects of non‐precious metal alloys for ceramic restorations
Authors: Stevens L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Comment is made regarding the cost, related to working properties, of non‐precious metal alloys compared to precious metal alloys for ceramics and their possible potential for the production of allergic response.
Effects of hydrocortisone in the mineralization speed of the dentine
Authors: Teixeira Decio , de Freitas Maria Antonieta Paes , Bueno Ronaldo Delia Piazza , Guimaraes Alcides
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The effect of hydrocortisone on the rate of mineralization of the dentine of rat incisors has been investigated and a comparative analysis of this effect on the upper and lower incisors as well as the various aspects of these incisors has been made.
The Adelaide undergraduates dental curriculum: an appraisal by recent graduates and final‐year students
Authors: Smales R. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Eighty‐eight recent graduates and thirty final‐year students replied to a questionnaire on the effectiveness of the present Adelaide undergraduate curriculum in relation to general dental practice. A high proportion of the first‐year graduates had some difficulties in various aspects of practice management. Some first‐year graduates and students lacked confidence in managing interpersonal relationships. Students especially, but also some graduates, were not competent in several clinical skills. A number of graduates and students were unhappy with the present place and purposes of the pre‐clinical science subjects.
Cysts and ameloblastomas: a relationship
Authors: Sinclair Neil A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Three cases of dental cysts are reported each of which has a relationship to ameloblastomas.
Clinical pathology. A diagnostic aid to the dental practitioner*
Authors: Orams H. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Clinical pathology is concerned with specialized investigations and tests which are used to refine the process of diagnosis. Biopsy, cytology, blood examination, microbiological and biochemical tests are of particular relevance to dental practice and are a valuable aid to the diagnosis of oral disease. The dental clinician should be familiar with the principles of these investigations and fully understand the significance of the data which they yield.
Evidence for the transmissibility of human dental caries
Authors: Rogers A. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Strains of Streptococcus mutans, an organism strongly implicated in the aetiology of human dental caries, have been identified by means of a bacteriocin typing technique. Examination of family groups suggests that the organism can be transmitted intrafamiliarly thus supporting the notion that human dental caries is an infectious transmissible disease.
Dental care for the homebound—assessment and hygiene
Authors: Ettinger Ronald L. , Pinkham Jimmy R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A general categorization of homebound patients is presented to aid the dentist in assessing their treatment needs and requirements. The importance of oral hygiene is shown, and modifications of oral hygiene appliances are presented. The role of the general dentist in the care of these patients is stressed.
A review of the structure and function of the gingival seal
Authors: Cran J. A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The results of previous studies on the gingival seal at the level of the light microscope have now been correlated with studies conducted on the electron microscope.

This paper attempts to correlate the findings at the two different levels and to clarify the functional role of the gingival seal.
A prevention orientated patient management programme for a dental hospital
Authors: McIntyre John M. , Newcomb Guy M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A patient management programme with a marked emphasis on prevention of dental disease through plaque control has been commenced in the Royal Adelaide Hospital Dental Department, and its benefits will be closely examined over two years.
The stability of maxillary expansion
Authors: Brogan W. F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The assessment and treatment by rapid maxillary expansion of 516 cases referred by medical practitioners for the treatment of poor nasal airway is reported. The technique is simple and most suitable for the correction of crossbite and Class III malocclusion and for establishing a nasal airway in habitual mouth breathers with a history of ENT problems.
Porosity in gold cast against an electroformed gold matrix in an inlay technique
Authors: Rogers Olbert W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The information obtained from the metallographic procedure used in this paper, as compared with techniques of the past, indicates that certain subgroups such as pinhole porosity, microporosity and subsurface porosity require re‐evaluation.
The handicapped child population in South Australia in 1975
Authors: Gurling F. G. , Fanning Elizabeth A. , Leppard P. I.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— A survey of 2,212 handicapped children was conducted in South Australia to provide basic information so that a dental service could be planned. The prevalence of various specified conditions is presented for both single and combined disabilities. The distribution of the various conditions between the sexes has been analysed.
Secondary intention post and core*
Authors: Henry Patrick J. , Bower Robert C.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Methods for restoring existing crown and bridge restorations to normal function following pulp death are reviewed. Endodontic therapy must be supplemented by a reinforcing post‐core system if the crown or bridge is to withstand normal functional loads indefinitely.
Surgical diseases of the mandible. The principles of diagnosis and treatment*
Authors: Norman John E. deB.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Several unusual abnormalities are presented in this abstract of a lecture on surgical diseases of the mandible. The importance of physical signs in clinical dental surgery is emphasized. A protocol of treatment of mandibular condylar hyperplasia and masseteric hypertrophy is suggested.
Photoelastic analysis of post core restorations
Authors: Henry P. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Photoelastic models were used to analyse the effects of stress distribution around post‐core systems. Parallel post designs were found to distribute stress more evenly to the tooth root, as compared to tapered posts. Screwed posts were found to be undesirable.
A comparative analysis of the colour matching ability of dentists, dental students, and ceramic technicians
Authors: McMaugh D. R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— This paper compares the colour matching ability of dentists, dental students, and ceramic technicians. It examines the roles that experience and colour defective vision may also play in the correct matching of dental colours.
A dentigerous cyst associated with an Angle Class II malocclusion
Authors: Sims M. R. , Cran J. A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Malocclusions complicated by pathological conditions require a team approach to treatment. Long term follow‐up is obligatory.
The influence of some manipulative factors on creep
Authors: Spanauf A. J. , Vrijhoef M. M. A. , De Graaf R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The effects of a number of factors on creep in dental amalgam was investigated. The factors studied were the delayed time between mixing and packing, the packing technique, the alloy system and the annealing or ageing of specimens at 37°C for one and 190 days. The delayed time and the alloy system factors as well as an interaction between them had a significant influence on the one day annealed specimens. The alloy system in the 190 days annealed specimen was the only factor to affect creep.
Porosity in base metal partial denture casting alloys, related industrial alloys, and pure metals
Authors: Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Two types of specimens were cast from a variety of pure metals and alloys. A unidirectional solidification system was used for the production of the first, whilst a deliberate feeding problem was incorporated in the production of the second. The specimens were subjected to radiographic and metallographic evaluation in conjunction with porosity determinations, in order to ascertain how the amount and pattern of porosity varied with alloy complexity and alloy composition.
A new approach to splinting periodontally involved teeth
Authors: Ewers Graeme J. , Dale John W. , Brockman George S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Stabilization of periodontally involved teeth with a splint cast in semi‐precious alloy and fixed using an acid‐etch composite resin is described as a simple and effective technique.
The effect of variations in mould temperature, metal temperature and mould size on the development of internal porosity in cast structures
Authors: Lewis A. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Three series of two types of specimens were cast from a cobalt and a nickel base alloy using variation in mould and metal temperatures and in mould size. The casting procedures included a unidirectional solidification system and a problem of feeding. Porosity was assessed by radiographic and metallographic analyses.
Rationale for bevelled shoulder veneer crown preparations
Authors: Gage J. P.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The advantages of bevelled shoulder preparations for full veneer gold crowns are discussed from the point of view of marginal fit, retention, health of the pulp and the supporting tissues.
Vitamin status of patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Jolly Mark , Nobile Silvia
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Correction of proven vitamin deficiencies in patients with oral lichen planus resulted in both clinical and subjective improvement in the majority treated but did not produce complete remission of the lesions.

The common finding of low levels of vitamins B1 and B6 in both the lichen planus group and in healthy controls suggests that this is a reflection of dietary habits of the local community not generally appreciated.
Scanning electron microscopy of human dental pellicle and initial plaque formation in vivo
Authors: Ewers Graeme J. , Taylor Ross L. , Schoenfeld Charles M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— Small, specially prepared gold alloy discs were recessed into the right and left posterior surfaces of duplicate maxillary dentures. At selected time intervals, a disc was removed from each side of the denture and prepared for examination with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

A thin, peeling film of pellicle was seen on the discs removed after two hours and projections designated “hemispherical globules” formed on the pellicle within the next seven hours.
Viral hepatitis: a review of clinical, laboratory and research aspects
Authors: Hribar D. L. A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract— The nature and the diagnosis and prognosis of the two forms of viral hepatitis is discussed. The possibility of transmission of these diseases during dental treatment to other patients or to dentists or their staff is considered and measures to reduce this risk are suggested.
Low level laser therapy for dentinal tooth hypersensitivity
Authors: Gerschman J. A. , Ruben J. , Gebart‐Eaglemont J.
Published: May 2009

A comparative double blind study testing low level laser therapy (Gallium/Aluminium/Arsenide laser [GaAIAs]) against placebo was carried out in the management of dentinal tooth hypersensitivity. Subjects demonstrating dentinal hypersensitivity and complying with strict selection criteria were randomly assigned to an active and placebo group. Low level laser therapy was applied for one minute to both the apex and cervical area of the tooth; and reapplied at one week, two‐week and eight‐week intervals. Dentinal hypersensitivity was rated at each visit.

There were 28 subjects in the placebo group and 22 and 21 subjects, respectively, in the tactile sensitivity and thermal sensitivity groups. Comparisons between the groups were conducted using independent groups t‐test. In both the tactile and thermal sensitivity groups differences between the active and placebo groups were significant from the first week and increased further in the second and eighth weeks. The mean value of thermal sensitivity decreased 67 per cent (p < 0.001) compared with placebo (17 per cent) and tactile sensitivity decreased 65 per cent (p = .002) compared with placebo (21 per cent) at eight weeks.

Results demonstrate that the GaAIAs laser is an effective method for the treatment of both thermal and tactile dentinal hypersensitivity. There were no reported adverse reactions or instances of oral irritation.
Social impact of oral conditions among older adults
Authors: Slade Gary D. , Spencer A. John
Published: May 2009

Oral symptoms and their effects on well‐being provide an indication of the social impact of oral disease and can be used to document the burden of illness within populations. This report presents findings about the social impact of oral disease among a random sample of 1217 non‐institutionalized persons aged 60 years and over living in Adelaide and Mt Gambier. They completed a questionnaire containing 49 questions about the effect of oral conditions on dysfunction, discomfort and disability. Over 5 per cent of dentate persons and over 10 per cent of edentulous persons reported impacts such as difficulty in chewing, discomfort during eating and avoidance of foods ‘fairly often’ or ‘very often’ during the previous 12 months. Impacts on social roles and interpersonal relationships were reported by up to 5 per cent of persons. Edentulous persons reported social impact more frequently, particularly in areas related to chewing and eating. Older age was associated with significantly greater amounts of impact among dentate persons, while edentulous males reported significantly more impact than edentulous females. There were larger variations among dentate persons according to their dental utilization patterns, with the highest levels of impact reported by individuals who usually attended for dental problems and who had attended the previous year. The high frequency of social impact reported in this study no doubt reflects extensive levels of disease experience, including high rates of missing teeth and edentulism, among older adults.
Development of the Diploma in Clinical Dentistry (Conscious Sedation and Pain Control) Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney
Authors: Grainger J. K. , Johnson A. , Kingon A. , Klineberg I.
Published: May 2009

The Diploma in Clinical Dentistry (Conscious Sedation and Pain Control) of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, is the first dedicated programme devoted to this field in Australia. Its development followed a decision by the Dental Board of New South Wales to require a formal qualification from the University of Sydney before dental practitioners could offer sedation and pain management in practice.

The programme is conducted at Westmead Hospital in conjunction with the Department of Anaesthetics, and satisfies the guidelines developed by the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons and the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.

The course is conducted either over one or two years, with block sessions requiring attendance at Westmead Hospital, together with assignments which are completed outside the block sessions. In this way, a dental practitioner enrolled in the programme is able to continue practice.

The block sessions need not be completed over one year, but must be completed within two years.
Genetic and environmental influences on facial profile
Authors: Vanco Con , Kasai Kazutaka , Sergi Robert , Richards Lindsay C. , Townsend Grant C.
Published: May 2009

Observed variation in facial morphology results from the influences of both genetic and environmental factors. To investigate the role of genetic influences on variation in facial profile, lateral photographs of 23 male and 19 female monozygous (MZ), and 15 male and 22 female dizygous (DZ) twin pairs were selected from the records of the South Australian Twin Study. Soft tissue landmarks and facial profiles were identified, traced and digitized. Linear and angular measures defined by the landmarks were calculated and a series of Fourier functions derived to describe the facial profiles. These Fourier amplitudes were interpreted in terms of the specific regions which they represented.

Correlations within MZ pairs were consistently higher than within DZ pairs for both the facial dimensions and the Fourier amplitudes, providing evidence of significant genetic contribution to facial convexity, facial height and facial depth. Variability in nose and lip morphology appeared to be under stronger environmental influence.