bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation of physical activity among adults in Turkey using the Omaha System
Authors: Kaya Sura , Secginli Selda , Olsen Jeanette M.
Published: October 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical activity (PA) and associated factors among insufficiently active adults attending Family Health Centers in Istanbul, Turkey using the Omaha System.

Design and Sample

This descriptive‐correlational study guided by the Ecological Model for Health Promotion used a convenience sample of 335 Turkish adults with insufficient PA behavior defined as an Omaha System PA Behavior rating <4.

Measurements

Measures included Omaha System problems; Knowledge, Behavior, and Status ratings; demographics; and ecological factors operationalized with the Omaha System Problem Classification Scheme. Data were analyzed using chi‐square, independent t tests, and logistic regression.

Results

Participants were females (76.7%) and males (23.3%) with a mean age of 38.5 years. Almost half (43.6%) engaged in no appropriate PA Behavior. The most common Physiological, Psychosocial, and Environmental domain problem were oral health (61.2%), mental health (21.5%), and neighborhood/workplace safety (41.2%), respectively. Logistic regression revealed marital status, age, sex, and physiological and environmental domain problems significantly predicted PA behavior.

Conclusions

Interventions tailored to insufficiently active Turkish adults should include assessing for physiological health problems; targeting older, married adults; and advocating for policy change that supports the provision of safe, affordable, accessible, and culturally appropriate places for physical activity.
Methods Matter: Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in the Form of Cutting is Uniquely Associated with Suicide Attempt Severity in Patients with Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Baer Margaret M. , Tull Matthew T. , Forbes Courtney N. , Richmond Julia R. , Gratz Kim L.
Published: October 2019

Objective

Despite the robust relation between nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors, there is considerable heterogeneity in NSSI characteristics that may have implications for the strength of the NSSI‐suicide attempt relation. Past research highlights the relevance of both more severe NSSI methods and NSSI in the form of cutting in particular to suicide attempts. To further explore the relations of specific NSSI methods to suicide attempts, this study examined relations between different NSSI methods (i.e., those involving cutting, burning, blunt force, or resulting in minor tissue damage) and both overall suicide attempts and two indicators of suicide attempt severity (attempts requiring medical attention and nonambivalent attempts) in 203 substance‐dependent patients in residential treatment.

Method

Participants were administered questionnaires and semistructured interviews assessing the variables of interest.

Results

Cutting was the only NSSI method to demonstrate significant relations with overall suicide attempts, nonambivalent suicide attempts, and suicide attempts requiring medical attention. Results remained when considering relevant covariates.

Conclusion

Results highlight an important link between NSSI methods involving cutting and suicide attempts among patients with substance use disorders. Findings also highlight the importance of more fine‐grained characterizations of NSSI subgroups.
Similarities and Differences between Quantifier Raising and Wh Movement Out of Adjuncts
Authors: Tanaka Misako
Published: October 2019

This article reports a set of experimental studies that support the following set of conclusions: (i) quantifier raising is sensitive to adjunct islands, (ii) wh movement is sensitive to adjunct islands, but (iii) quantifier raising and wh movement are not sensitive to adjunct islands in the same way. The experiments examined quantifier raising and wh‐argument extraction from three types of nontensed adjuncts: bare participial gerunds, after prepositional gerunds, and during PPs. The results provide an interesting puzzle. On the one hand, quantifier raising and wh movement shared a weak sensitivity to adjunct islands. On the other hand, the two operations behaved differently when it came to extraction from bare participial gerunds. I argue that this asymmetry results from the different interface constraints that quantifier raising and wh movement are subject to: Scope Economy and the Single‐Event‐Grouping Condition, respectively.
Barrio Almagro, resiliencia y especulación fortuita de la pobreza ante la gentrificación
Authors: Dentice-Bacigalupe Alberto , Ramírez -Carrasco Francisco , Muñoz-Correa Rosa
Published: October 2019

Casual y causalmente, escalas barriales resistentes a gentrificaciones encubren hábitats contemporáneo-tradicionales, cuya declinación infraestructural les conminaría a especular pasivamente. Propietarios impedidos de explotar su patrimonio, encuentran oportunidad de permanecer en su lugar ante escasas ofertas inmobiliarias, renuentes a pequeños negocios entreverados con normativas patrimonialistas. Con el propósito de develar cualitativamente la forma de vida que permite aislamiento ante el fenómeno latino gentrificador, se analiza el barrio Almagro en La Serena, Chile, mediante una indagatoria monográfica de base etnográfica. A partir de teorías de ocupación espacial y relaciones sociales, junto con datos de la especulación del suelo, se conjugan tópicos discursivos, y se interpretan con significados comunes entre las parcialidades del trabajo etnográfico, evitando las generalizaciones derivadas de entrevistas. La actual resiliencia de Almagro reacomoda usos tradicionales de su emplazamiento, y se destaca un hábitat de espacio-tiempo socialmente apropiado, con valores de convivencia urbana diferentes a un modelo económico reacio a anclajes geográficos del capital.
Monitoreo del riesgo de burbujas en los precios de la vivienda en Colombia
Authors: Tendón-García Juan Fernando , Trespalacios- Carrasquilla Alfredo , Cano - Bedoya Jonathan
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo propone una metodología práctica para el monitoreo de burbujas en tiempo real de los precios de la vivienda en Colombia que pueda ser utilizada como sistema de alerta temprana. Esta propuesta está basada en modelos econométricos de series de tiempo, en los cuales se supone que una serie de tiempo con burbujas presenta patrones de desbalance sostenido entre su velocidad y aceleración. El estudio se aborda a partir de metodologías no utilizadas antes sobre el mercado de la vivienda en Colombia y sin la inclusión de variables exógenas a los índices de precios de vivienda. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los índices de precios de la vivienda usada en Colombia (IPVU) han sido estables, ya que no se detecta la presencia de patrones de burbuja; sin embargo, para el último periodo analizado (2013), los precios de la vivienda en Bogotá presentan un desbalance significativo entre su velocidad y aceleración.
Numerical and Experimental Study on the Heat Flux of Double-Wave Trench
Authors: Zhang Bo-lun , Zhu Hui-ren , Liu Cun-liang , Wei Jian-sheng
Published: October 2019

The film cooling characteristics of the transverse trench (TT) and the double-wave trench (DWT) were numerically studied by using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations with realizable k–ɛ turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment. The experiment was used to validate the accuracy of numerical simulation. The film cooling effectiveness and the heat transfer coefficient and the heat flux ratio of the double-wave trench are investigated, and the distribution of temperature field and flow field were analyzed. The results show that the double-wave trench can effectively improve the uniformity of jet compared with the transverse trench. The anti-counter-rotating vortices which can press the film on near-wall are formed at the downstream wall of the double-wave trench. With the increase of the blowing ratio, the span-wise averaged heat transfer coefficient of the double-wave trench increases. The span-wise average heat flux ratio of the trench width W = 1.4D condition is lower than that of the other two trenches, so it has the best thermal protection effect of film cooling on the wall.
Nonlinear Heat Transfer From Particles in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Near the Critical Point
Authors: Martin Michael James , Rasmussen Elizabeth G. , Yellapantula Shashank
Published: October 2019

Particle to fluid heat transfer in supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) is encountered in energy technologies and in materials synthesis. Near the critical point, the extreme pressure and temperature sensitivity of sCO2’s thermal conductivity will change the expected heat transfer in these systems. The current work combines the Kirchoff transformation for thermal conductivity with the conduction shape factor for a sphere, allowing prediction of heat transfer in these systems and quantification of the impact of these property changes. Results show that the heat transfer is non-linear for supercritical heat transfer, with the non-linearity particularly significant near the critical point. The results also show that approaches such as an average thermal conductivity based on film temperature are unlikely to accurately predict heat transfer in this region. The methods described in this paper can be applied to fluid–particle heat transfer at low Reynolds number in other fluids with large variations in thermal conductivity.
Rival theories face off over brain's source of consciousness
Authors: Reardon Sara
Published: October 2019

$20 million project puts competing ideas to the test.
Evolutionary history of tissue bending
Authors: Tomancak Pavel
Published: October 2019

Newly discovered unicellular eukaryote shows hallmark feature of animal morphogenesis
Photosystem II, poised for O
2
formation
Authors: Britt R. David , Marchiori David A.
Published: October 2019

A consensus is emerging on the structure of the oxygen-evolving complex
Point-Counterpoint: Should We Be Performing Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Infectious Disease Diagnosis in the Clinical Laboratory?
Authors: Miller Steve , Chiu Charles , Rodino Kyle G. , Miller Melissa B.
Published: October 2019

With established applications of next-generation sequencing in inherited diseases and oncology, clinical laboratories are evaluating the use of metagenomics for identification of infectious agents directly from patient samples, to aid in the diagnosis of infections. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for infectious diseases promises an unbiased approach to detection of microbes that does not depend on growth in culture or the targeting of specific pathogens.
Latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) extensional tectonic setting in the Dunhuang terrane, NW China: Evidence from geochronological and geochemical investigations on A-type granite and metamafic rock
Authors: Zhao Yan , Ao Wenhao , Zhang Hong , Wang Qian , Zhai Mingguo , Sun Yong
Published: October 2019

Latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) magmatic rocks outcrop in the Dunhuang terrane, represented by A-type granites and mafic (basaltic) rocks that have metamorphosed into amphibolites. The A-type granites, emplaced at ca. 1.79–1.77 Ga, are geochemically characterized by high Na2O + K2O, Fe2O3T, Zr, Nb, and Ce contents, as well as high Fe2O3T/(Fe2O3T + MgO) and Ga/Al ratios. Furthermore, they have Nb/Ta, Y/Nb, Rb/Nb, and Sc/Nb ratios of 12.10–15.56, 1.45–1.79, 3.52–6.51, and 0.11–0.19, respectively, showing affinity to A2-type granite. The A-type granites have negative εNd(t) values (−5.4 to −4.8) with Neoarchean depleted mantle (TDM2) ages (2591–2494 Ma), corresponding to coupling between εHf(t) values (−4.85 to -0.92) and TDM2 ages (2817–2556 Ma) of zircons. Therefore, the A-type granite pluton was mostly generated by partial melting of Neoarchean tonalitic to granodioritic basement rocks of the Dunhuang Complex in a postcollisional tectonic setting following a late Paleoproterozoic continent-continent collisional event. The metamafic rocks have a protolith age of 1605 ± 45 Ma and metamorphic age of 317 ± 20 Ma, indicating a Paleozoic tectonic event. The metamafic rock samples are geochemically characterized by relatively high alkali (Na2O + K2O = 4.39–4.81 wt%) contents and low Nb/Y (0.63–0.66) ratios, and they show steep rare earth element (REE) patterns with light REE enrichment and insignificant Eu anomalies and Nb-Ta, Zr-Hf, and Ti anomalies, resembling subalkaline oceanic-island basalt affinity. They have positive εNd(t) values (+0.8 to +1.8) close to the chondrite evolutionary line and variable εHf(t) values (-1.09 to +9.06) of zircons. Hence, the protolith of the metamafic rocks may have been produced by magma mixing processes between a depleted mantle source and a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source during the initial rifting stage in an extensional setting, completing the formation of the Precambrian Dunhuang Complex. Considering the ca. 1.85–1.80 Ga regional metamorphism in the Dunhuang terrane, the latest Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8–1.6 Ga) A2-type granitic magmatism and mafic magmatism documented the postorogenic to initial rifting processes following the global-scale late Paleoproterozoic collisional event, which is comparable with ca. 1.80–1.67 Ga postcollisional and ca. 1.60–1.53 Ga anorogenic magmatism in the North China craton, but different from that of the Tarim craton.
‘Serious’ science: a response to Kleiderman, Ravitsky and Knoppers
Authors: Kalsi Satvir
Published: October 2019

In their paper ‘The “serious” factor in germline modification’, Kleiderman, Ravitsky and Knoppers rightly highlight the ambiguity in the oft-utilised term ‘serious’ in legal discussions of human germline genome modification.1 They suggest interpretation of this term may benefit from a framework based on human rights rather than solely objectivist or constructivist frameworks. In this response, I show the authors provide a narrow and hasty dismissal of objectivist frameworks by defining objectivism broadly as ‘based on biological facts’ early on but later criticising genetic treatment lists, a single narrow implementation of only some of the facts. Furthermore, I will show their consideration of the right to science is biassed towards the material innovations of science, the authors succeed in recognising but fail in elaborating on the knowledge gained from scientific progress; knowledge which may ultimately update moral intuitions and change the nature of ethical conversation across cultures.
A semiclassical approach to the torsional tunneling splitting patterns in G6(EM), G12, G18, and G36(EM) molecules
Authors: di Lauro C. , Lattanzi F.
Published: October 2019

A semiclassical method to predict the torsional splitting patterns in internally rotating molecules of G6(EM), G12, G18, and G36(EM) symmetries is described. To this purpose use is made of rotating axis systems denoted “Corioless”, in which the contribution to the torsional angular momentum from specific vibrational motions of the molecule, or part of it, vanishes. It is confirmed that the actual torsional splitting patterns in degenerate or perpendicular vibrational states can be predicted analytically and are determined by torsional Coriolis coupling. Rules stating the conditions required to generate limit splitting patterns (regular and inverted) are formulated in a quite general way and derived for the first time in the case of G18 molecules.
Success in books: predicting book sales before publication
Authors: Wang Xindi , Yucesoy Burcu , Varol Onur , Eliassi-Rad Tina , Barabási Albert-László
Published: October 2019

Reading remains a preferred leisure activity fueling an exceptionally competitive publishing market: among more than three million books published each year, only a tiny fraction are read widely. It is largely unpredictable, however, which book will that be, and how many copies it will sell. Here we aim to unveil the features that affect the success of books by predicting a book’s sales prior to its publication. We do so by employing theLearning to Placemachine learning approach, that can predicts sales for both fiction and nonfiction books as well as explaining the predictions by comparing and contrasting each book with similar ones. We analyze features contributing to the success of a book by feature importance analysis, finding that a strong driving factor of book sales across all genres is the publishing house. We also uncover differences between genres: for thrillers and mystery, the publishing history of an author (as measured by previous book sales) is highly important, while in literary fiction and religion, the author’s visibility plays a more central role. These observations provide insights into the driving forces behind success within the current publishing industry, as well as how individuals choose what books to read.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the crystallization of liquid GaAs nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhou Yao , Tian Zean , Gao Tinghong , Xiao Ting , Xie Quan
Published: October 2019

The GaAs nanoparticles crystallization process was simulated with the molecular dynamics package large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS). The results show that due to the surface effect, GaAs nanoparticles have a low melting temperature and poor order, and that their atomic thermal vibration at high temperatures is more severe than that of GaAs crystals. The crystallization process of GaAs nanoparticles begins at 970 K and generally completes at 920 K. Atoms with coordination number 3 or 4 form honeycomb-like defective (111) faces of zinc-blende structure on the surface; and atoms with a higher coordination number form two-dimensional dense structures at the subsurface.
A physical picture of superconductivity: Close-shell inversion
Authors: Shangguan W. Z.
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we propose a simple and universal physical picture of superconductivity, which is called the “close-shell inversion”. With this picture, the basic properties of a superconductor, such as zero-resistance and Meissner effect, are well accounted. The emphasis is placed on the field screening mechanism of a superconductor subject to an external magnetic field.
THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP AND CONFIGURING CORE INNOVATION CAPABILITIES TO ENHANCE INNOVATION PERFORMANCE IN A DISRUPTIVE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: UTOYO INDRA , FONTANA AVANTI , SATRYA ARYANA
Published: October 2019

Digital disruption leads to high-level risk in innovation management that will impact established firms in disrupted industries. This study investigates the key variables to enhance innovation performance (IP) in a disruptive environment by applying strategic entrepreneurship framework from [Hitt, MA, DG Sirmon, RD Ireland and CA Trahms (2011). Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating value for individuals, organizations, and society. Academic of Management Executive, 25(5), 57–75]. This study sampled the managers of two largest established firms in telecommunication and banking industries in Indonesia. Both industries are in top five of the most disrupted industries. Entrepreneurial leadership (EL) is essential in formulating innovation strategy. This leadership variable has multicollinearity with that of entrepreneurial culture (EC). It indicates that both variables are symbiotic. While in implementing innovation strategy, the configuring core innovation capabilities that combine exploring the opportunity and exploiting the firm’s advantage enhance the IP. Due to core rigidities, this configuring core innovation capabilities should not be orchestrated with collaborative innovation.
Solvent exchange synthesis of C-doped ZnO bunches and their enhanced ethanol sensing properties
Authors: yin Jingzhou , Li Qiaoqi , Li Rongqing , Zhang LiLi , Tang Chao , Sheng Zhenghuan , Zhao Pusu , Ma Kuirong , Jiang Zhengjing
Published: October 2019

In this study, zinc complex bunches have been synthesized by a simple solvent exchange approach without any surfactant at room temperature. The zinc complex can be converted to C-doped ZnO bunches by a subsequent annealed process at 500∘C for 2[Formula: see text]h. The morphology and structure results show that the rectangle-shaped ZnO bunches are assembled by ZnO disks. The as-prepared C-doped ZnO bunches exhibit the highest sensitivity to 100[Formula: see text]ppm ethanol vapor at 240∘C. In addition the C-doped ZnO bunches also show excellent response-recover properties and stability, and good linearity in the range of 5–400[Formula: see text]ppm for potential applications.
Plane and planarity thresholds for random geometric graphs
Authors: Biniaz Ahmad , Kranakis Evangelos , Maheshwari Anil , Smid Michiel
Published: October 2019

A random geometric graph, [Formula: see text], is formed by choosing [Formula: see text] points independently and uniformly at random in a unit square; two points are connected by a straight-line edge if they are at Euclidean distance at most [Formula: see text]. For a given constant [Formula: see text], we show that [Formula: see text] is a distance threshold function for [Formula: see text] to have a connected subgraph on [Formula: see text] points. Based on this, we show that [Formula: see text] is a distance threshold for [Formula: see text] to be plane, and [Formula: see text] is a distance threshold to be planar. We also investigate distance thresholds for [Formula: see text] to have a non-crossing edge, a clique of a given size, and an independent set of a given size.
Numerical Study on the Required Surrounding Gas Conditions for Stable Autoignition of an Ethanol Spray
Authors: Saitoh Hironori , Uchida Koji , Watanabe Norihiko
Published: October 2019

This study deals with the development of controlled-ignition technology for high-performance compression ignition alcohol engines. Among the alcohol fuels, we focus on ethanol as it is a promising candidate of alternative fuels replacing petroleum. The objective of this study is to reveal the physical and chemical phenomena in the mixture formation process up to autoignition of an ethanol spray. In our previous numerical study, we showed the mixture formation process for gas oil and ethanol sprays in the form of spatial excess air ratio and temperature distributions inside a spray and their temporal histories from fuel injection. The results showed a good agreement with those of theoretical analysis based on the momentum theory of spray penetration. Calculation was also confirmed as reasonable by comparing to the experimental results. Through the series of our experimental and numerical studies, the reason for poor autoignition quality of an ethanol spray was revealed, that is, difficulty in simultaneous attainments of autoignition-suitable concentration and temperature in the spray mixture formation due to its fuel and thermal properties of smaller stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and much greater heat of evaporation compared to conventional diesel fuels. However, autoignition of an ethanol spray has not been obtained yet in either experiments or numerical analysis. As the next step, we numerically examined several surrounding gas pressure and temperature conditions to make clear the surrounding gas conditions enough to obtain stable autoignition. One of the commercial CFD codes CONVERGE was used in the computational calculation with the considerations of turbulence, atomization, evaporation, and detailed chemical reaction. Required surrounding gas pressure and temperature for stable autoignition with acceptable ignition delay of an ethanol spray and feasibility of the development of high-performance compression ignition alcohol engines are discussed in this paper.
Role of Klotho in Chronic Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephropathy
Authors: Luo Kang , Lim Sun Woo , Quan Yi , Cui Sheng , Shin Yoo Jin , Ko Eun Jeong , Chung Byung Ha , Yang Chul Woo
Published: October 2019

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the most popular immunosuppressants in organ transplantation, but nephrotoxicity is a major concern. The common mechanism underlying chronic CNI nephropathy is oxidative stress, and the process of chronic CNI nephropathy is similar to that of aging. Current studies provide evidence that antiaging Klotho protein plays an important role in protecting against oxidative stress, and its signaling is a target for preventing oxidative stress-induced aging process. In this review, we focus on the association between Klotho and oxidative stress and the protective mechanism of action of Klotho against oxidative stress in chronic CNI nephropathy. In addition, we discuss the delivery strategy for Klotho in CNI-induced nephropathy.
Triaxial Shear Test on Hydrochloric Acid-Contaminated Clay Treated by Lime, Crushed Concrete, and Super Absorbent Polymer
Authors: Tong Fang , Ma Qiang , Hu Xing
Published: October 2019

Acid pollution weakens the bearing capacity of subgrade, and discarded concrete occupies land. The mechanical properties of hydrochloric acid-contaminated clay were investigated by triaxial consolidation undrained tests. Also, the theory of diffusion double electric layer was employed to explain the change principle of cohesion and compression characteristics of hydrochloric acid-contaminated clay. In addtion, the curing effects of lime, crushed concrete, and SAP on the shear strength of hydrochloric acid-contaminated clay were compared. The triaxial test results show that cohesion decreased with the increase of hydrochloric acid concentration. The internal friction angle firstly increased and then decreased, and the change of internal friction angle was less affected by acid concentration. The curing effect of crushed concrete was similar to that of lime, which was better than lime. SAP could only improve the cohesion of the hydrochloric acid-contaminated clay; the internal friction angle decreased significantly; the three kinds of curing materials could significantly improve the cohesion of acid-contaminated clay to be higher than the natural clay, improving the shear strength to a certain extent. Additionally, the theory analysis illustrated that due to the change in the thickness of the diffusion layer between the clay particles, the van der Waals force between the particles changed, and the colloidal formation of the micelles led to changes in cohesion. The study can provide references to the treatment of contaminated soil in engineering practice.
A Synthesis Review of Emissions and Fates for the Coal Oil Point Marine Hydrocarbon Seep Field and California Marine Seepage
Authors: Leifer Ira
Published: October 2019

Anthropogenic oil in the ocean is of great concern due to its potential immediate and long-term impacts on the ecosystem, economy, and society, leading to intense societal efforts to mitigate and reduce inputs. Sources of oil in the ocean (in the order of importance) are natural marine seepage, run-off from anthropogenic sources, and oil spills, yet uncertainty and variability in these budgets are large, particularly for natural seepage, which exhibits large spatial and temporal heterogeneity on local to regional scales. When source inputs are comparable, discriminating impacts is complicated, because petroleum is both a bioavailable, chemosynthetic energy source to the marine ecosystem and a potential toxic stressor depending on concentration, composition, and period of time. This synthesis review investigates the phenomena underlying this complexity and identifies knowledge gaps. Its focus is on the Coal Oil Point (COP) seep field, arguably the best-studied example, of strong natural marine hydrocarbon seepage, located in the nearshore, shallow waters of the Northern Santa Barbara Channel, Southern California, where coastal processes complicate oceanography and meteorology. Many of our understandings of seep processes globally are based on insights learned from studies of the oil and gas emissions from the COP seep field. As one of the largest seep fields in the world, its impacts spread far as oil drifts on the sea surface and subsurface, yet much remains unknown of its impacts.
Possible Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Hearing Loss Development
Authors: Wiciński Michał , Malinowski Bartosz , Puk Oskar , Górski Karol , Adamkiewicz Dawid , Chojnacki Grzegorz , Walczak Maciej , Wódkiewicz Eryk , Szambelan Monika , Adamska Paulina , Skibińska Kamila , Socha Maciej , Słupski Maciej , Pawlak-Osińska Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

For their being considered safe and as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are one of the most frequently used medicines nowadays. However, for the last couple of years, many researches analyzing PPI were conducted and these studies shed light on PPI side effects and mechanisms of these processes. Particularly, interesting is the impact of PPI on hearing loss development. However, this side effect seems to be local and its mechanisms are complex and systemic and involve changes in the whole body. This paper summarizes how through, inter alia, alterations in circulatory system, respiratory system, central nervous system, and metabolic changes PPI can cause hearing impairment, which can occur at every age and is connected with long-term use of this group of drugs. Another important finding is the role of PPI in acceleration of presbycusis development which is disturbing with regard to the fact that elders are the group who most frequently use PPI in the long term. Hearing loss is the factor which gravely decreases life quality, especially among elders who are the most afflicted group; thus, administration of PPI should be considered carefully, taking under consideration all benefits and all potential side effects.
Capacity ofHistoplasma capsulatumto Survive the Composting Process
Authors: Gómez Londoño Luisa Fernanda , Pérez León Laura Carolina , McEwen Ochoa Juan Guillermo , Zuluaga Rodriguez Alejandra , Peláez Jaramillo Carlos Alberto , Acevedo Ruiz Jose Miguel , Taylor María Lucia , Arango Arteaga Myrtha , Jiménez Alzate María del Pilar
Published: October 2019

Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum)is a thermal-dimorphic fungus, the causal agent of histoplasmosis. Its presence in the environment is related with chicken manure due to their high nitrogen and phosphorus content. In Colombia, chicken manure is the most used raw material in the composting process; however, there is no information about the capacity ofH. capsulatumto survive and remain viable in a composted organic fertilizer. To address this question, this study shows three assays based on microbiological culture and the Hc100 nested PCR. First, a composting reactor system was designed to transform organic material under laboratory conditions, and the raw material was inoculated with the fungus. From these reactors, the fungus was not isolated, but its DNA was detected. In the second assay, samples from factories where the DNA of the fungus was previously detected by PCR were analyzed. In the raw material samples, 3 colonies ofH. capsulatumwere isolated and its DNA was detected. However, after the composting process, neither the fungus was recovered by culture nor DNA was detected. In the third assay, sterilized and nonsterilized organic composted samples were inoculated withH. capsulatumand then evaluated monthly during a year. In both types of samples, the fungus DNA was detected by Hc100 nested PCR during the whole year, but the fungus only grew from sterile samples during the first two months evaluated. In general, the results of the assays showed thatH. capsulatumis not able to survive a well-done composting process.
Plin5/p-Plin5 Guards Diabetic CMECs by Regulating FFAs Metabolism Bidirectionally
Authors: Du Jin , Hou Juanni , Feng Juan , Zhou Hong , Zhao Heng , Yang Dachun , Li De , Yang Yongjian , Pei Haifeng
Published: October 2019

Background. Hyper-free fatty acidemia (HFFA) impairs cardiac capillaries, as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Perilipin 5 (Plin5) maintains metabolic balance of free fatty acids (FFAs) in high oxidative tissues via the states of nonphosphorylation and phosphorylation. However, when facing to T2DM-HFFA, Plin5’s role in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) is not defined. Methods. In mice of WT or Plin5-/-, T2DM models were rendered by high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. CMECs isolated from left ventricles were incubated with high glucose (HG) and high FFAs (HFFAs). Plin5 phosphorylation was stimulated by isoproterenol. Plin5 expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA). We determined cardiac function by small animal ultrasound, apoptotic rate by flow cytometry, microvessel quantity by immunohistochemistry, microvascular integrity by scanning electron microscopy, intracellular FFAs by spectrophotometry, lipid droplets (LDs) by Nile red staining, mRNAs by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, proteins by western blots, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by fluorescent dye staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results. In CMECs, HFFAs aggravated cell injury induced by HG and activated Plin5 expression. In mice with T2DM-HFFA, Plin5 deficiency reduced number of cardiac capillaries, worsened structural incompleteness, and enhanced diastolic dysfunction. Moreover, in CMECs treated with HG-HFFAs, both ablation and phosphorylation of Plin5 reduced LDs content, increased intracellular FFAs, stimulated mitochondrial β-oxidation, added ROS generation, and reduced the expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), eventually leading to increased apoptotic rate and decreased NO content, all of which were reversed by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Conclusion. Plin5 preserves lipid balance and cell survival in diabetic CMECs by regulating FFAs metabolism bidirectionally via the states of nonphosphorylation and phosphorylation.
Coupling a Bat Algorithm with XGBoost to Estimate Reference Evapotranspiration in the Arid and Semiarid Regions of China
Authors: Han Yixiu , Wu Jianping , Zhai Bingnian , Pan Yanxin , Huang Guomin , Wu Lifeng , Zeng Wenzhi
Published: October 2019

Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is key to agricultural irrigation scheduling and water resources management in arid and semiarid areas. This study evaluates the capability of coupling a Bat algorithm with the XGBoost method (i.e., the BAXGB model) for estimating monthly ETo in the arid and semiarid regions of China. Meteorological data from three stations (Datong, Yinchuan, and Taiyuan) during 1991–2015 were used to build the BAXGB model, the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and the gaussian process regression (GPR) model. Six input combinations with different sets of meteorological parameters were applied for model training and testing, which included mean air temperature (Tmean), maximum air temperature (Tmax), minimum air temperature (Tmin), wind speed (U), relative humidity (RH), and solar radiation (Rs) or extraterrestrial radiation (Ra, MJ m−2·d−1). The results indicated that BAXGB models (RMSE = 0.114–0.412 mm·d−1, MAE = 0.087–0.302 mm·d−1, and R2 = 0.937–0.996) were more accurate than either MARS (RMSE = 0.146–0.512 mm·d−1, MAE = 0.112–0.37 mm·d−1, and R2 = 0.935–0.994) or GPR (RMSE = 0.289–0.714 mm·d−1, MAE = 0.197–0.564 mm·d−1, and R2 = 0.817–0.980) model for estimating ETo. Findings of this study would be helpful for agricultural irrigation scheduling in the arid and semiarid regions and may be used as reference in other regions where accurate models for improving local water management are needed.
Racial Differences in Treatment and Survival among Veterans and Non-Veterans with Stage I NSCLC: An Evaluation of Veterans Affairs and SEER-Medicare Populations
Authors: Williams Christina D. , Alpert Naomi , Redding Thomas S. , Bullard A. Jasmine , Flores Raja M. , Kelley Michael J. , Taioli Emanuela
Published: October 2019

Background:

Surgery is the preferred treatment for stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with radiation reserved for those not receiving surgery. Previous studies have shown lower rates of surgery among Blacks with stage I NSCLC than among Whites.

Methods:

Black and White men ages ≥65 years with stage I NSCLC diagnosed between 2001 and 2009 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database and Veterans Affairs (VA) cancer registry. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine associations between race, treatment, and survival.

Results:

Among the patients in the VA (n = 7,895) and SEER (n = 8,744), the proportion of Blacks was 13% and 7%, respectively. Overall, 16.2% of SEER patients (15.4% of Whites, 26.0% of Blacks) and 24.5% of VA patients received no treatment (23.4% of Whites, 31.4% of Blacks). In both cohorts, Blacks were less likely to receive any treatment compared with Whites [ORadj = 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47–0.69 for SEER-Medicare; ORadj = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58–0.79 for VA]. Among treated patients, Blacks were less likely than Whites to receive surgery only (ORadj = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.47–0.70 for SEER-Medicare; ORadj = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62–0.86 for VA), but more likely to receive chemotherapy only and radiation only. There were no racial differences in survival.

Conclusions:

Among VA and SEER-Medicare patients, Blacks were less likely to get surgical treatment. Blacks and Whites had similar survival outcomes when accounting for treatment.

Impact:

This supports the hypothesis that equal treatment correlates with equal outcomes and emphasizes the need to understand multilevel predictors of lung cancer treatment disparities.
Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Extensive Disease-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study in a Single Institute
Authors: Sonehara Kei , Tateishi Kazunari , Komatsu Masamichi , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Hanaoka Masayuki , Kanda Shintaro , Koizumi Tomonobu
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a very chemosensitive solid tumor but is characterized by rapid progression. The modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor in various tumors. However, there have been few reports regarding the prognostic value of mGPS in extensive disease (ED)-SCLC. Objective: This study was designed to clarify the clinical significance of mGPS focusing on its usefulness as a prognostic indicator for the survival and serial administrations of chemotherapies in patients with ED-SCLC. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of ED-SCLC patients diagnosed and treated at Shinshu University School of Medicine between January 2005 and December 2018. Overall survival (OS) was compared according to mGPS and we examined whether mGPS could be a prognostic factor in ED-SCLC using the Kaplan-Meier method and univariate and multivariate Cox hazard analyses. Results: Eighty-three patients were enrolled in this study. The median OS of mGPS 0, mGPS 1, and mGPS 2 groups were 13.6, 9.2, and 5.7 months, respectively. The OS of the mGPS 0 group was significantly longer than those of mGPS 1 and mGPS 2 groups (log-rank, p = 0.025 and 0.008, respectively). The rates of second-line chemotherapy administration in mGPS 0, mGPS 1, and mGPS 2 groups were 79.4, 61.9, and 33.3%, respectively. The rate in the mGPS 0 group was significantly higher than that in the mGPS 2 group (p = 0.003). Multivariate analyses indicated that mGPS 2 was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in addition to old age (≥75 years), poor performance status (2–3), and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level (≥223 IU/L). Conclusion: In ED-SCLC patients, mGPS was useful as a prognostic indicator for OS.
ПРОБІОТИКИ З ПОЗИЦІЇ ДОКАЗОВОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ
Authors: Chukhray I. L.
Published: October 2019

Мета роботи. Здійснити впорядкування даних доказової медицини стосовно застосування пробіотиків, враховуючи ступінь підтвердження їх ефективності при профілактиці та лікуванні різних захворювань.

Матеріали і методи. Матеріалом дослідження були систематичні огляди Кокранівської бібліотеки за період 2006-2018 рр., методами - інформаційний пошук, аналіз та узагальнення.

Результати й обговорення. Систематичні огляди стосовно ефективності та безпеки використання пробіотиків було ранжовано за датою та темою. Показано, що актуальність вивчення ефективності застосування пробіотиків зростає. Встановлено, що найбільша частка систематичних оглядів присвячена застосуванню пробіотиків у гастроентерології.

Підтверджено безпечність проведення пробіотикотерапії та з’ясовано, що для досягнення ефекту, аналогічного до отриманих у рандомізованих клінічних дослідженнях, необхідно використовувати ту ж саму форму і дозу пробіотика, як у дослідженні. Позитивний ефект пробіотика, що спостерігається у пацієнтів одного віку не екстраполюється на пацієнтів іншого віку, а також ефект певного пробіотика не переноситься на інші види та штами пробіотичних мікроорганізмів.

Висновки. На підставі аналізу даних Кокранівської бібліотеки виділено 32 систематичних огляди стосовно ефективності та безпеки використання пробіотиків, які розподілено на чотири групи: з підтвердженою ефективністю; з підтвердженою ефективністю, яка потребує додаткових рандомізованих клінічних досліджень; з недостатніми доказами ефективності, але з перспективністю подальших рандомізованих клінічних досліджень; з не підтвердженою ефективністю. За даними систематичних оглядів першої групи встановлено, що клінічно обґрунтованим напрямком застосування пробіотиків є профілактика антибіотикоасоційованої діареї та лікування гострої інфекційної діареї.
Short AIP1 (ASK1-Interacting Protein-1) Isoform Localizes to the Mitochondria and Promotes Vascular Dysfunction
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Li , Zhang Haifeng , Zhou Huanjiao Jenny , Ji Weidong , Min Wang
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) normally maintain vascular homeostasis and are regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. A human genome-wide association study identified that
AIP1
(ASK1 [apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1]-interacting protein-1; also identified as
DAB2IP
) gene variants confer susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanism is unknown.

Approach and Results:

We detected a normal AIP1 form (named AIP1A) in the healthy aorta, but a shorter form of AIP1 (named AIP1B) was found in diseased aortae that contained atherosclerotic plaques and graft arteriosclerosis. AIP1B transcription in resting ECs was suppressed through epigenetic inhibition by RIF1 (Rap1 [ras-related protein 1]-interacting factor 1)/H3K9 (histone H3 lysine 9) methyltransferase-mediated H3K9 trimethylation, and this inhibition was released by proinflammatory cytokines. AIP1A, but not AIP1B, was downregulated by proteolytic degradation through a Smurf1 (SMAD [suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic miscellaneous] ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1)-dependent pathway in ECs under inflammation. Therefore, AIP1B was the major form present during inflammatory conditions. AIP1B, which lacks the N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain of AIP1A, localized to the mitochondria and augmented TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha)-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and EC activation. AIP1B-ECTG (EC-specific AIP1B transgenic) mice exhibited augmented reactive oxygen species production, EC activation, and neointima formation in vascular remodeling models.

Conclusions:

Our current study suggests that a shift from anti-inflammatory AIP1A to proinflammatory AIP1B during chronic inflammation plays a key role in inflammatory vascular diseases.
Aventure am Weißen Berg – Aventure des Lebens
Authors: Herz Andreas
Published: October 2019

On close inspection, a short episode in the diaries of the Calvinist Prince Christian ii of Anhalt-Bernburg is shown to be a revealing cardiogram of a historic moment at the beginning of the Thirty Years War. In reading out and contextualizing this sequence surrounding the term “aventurier” we can uncover traces of Prince Christian’s understanding of himself and his world. His attempts to defy the increasingly heightened experience of contingency and loss of meaning and to defend belief in a higher order in the midst of chaotic events that ensued during the Thirty Years War, meant carefully balancing them against his own standards and role models. In this situation war can no longer be perceived in terms of a knightly “aventure”: it loses all connotation of a test of fibre in the service of ruler and country.
Populism as a Problem of Social Integration
Authors: Gidron Noam , Hall Peter A.
Published: October 2019

We argue that support for parties of the radical right and left can usefully be understood as a problem of social integration—an approach that brings together economic and cultural explanations for populism. With comparative survey data, we assess whether support for parties of the radical right and left is associated with feelings of social marginalization. We find that people who feel more socially marginal—because they lack strong attachment to the normative order, social engagement, or a sense of social respect—are more likely to be alienated from mainstream politics and to support radical parties. We also find an association between indicators for recent economic and cultural developments often said to affect social status and feelings of social marginalization, especially among people with low incomes or educational attainment. We conclude that problems of social integration and subjective social status deserve more attention from scholars of comparative political behavior.
Alternative Education Programs for High School Age Students in Chile
Authors: Espinoza Oscar , González Luis , McGinn Noel , Castillo Dante
Published: October 2019

The provision of “alternative” education is increasingly common in the countries of the world, but highly varied in its forms and coverage. In its commitment to provide education for all to age 18, Chile recently expanded its system of schools for teenage dropouts and has funded research on how best to educate these youth. This article, based on data from a national sample of 18 recently established Second Opportunity Centers, describes student characteristics, their ambitions for their education and future, and their evaluation of their experience to date. Using a review of principally North American research findings as a guide, the study analyzes factors linked with grade repetition and withdrawal from school to suggest strategies that may be effective in increasing retention of students. This article concludes that, given multiple causes of school failure, reintegration into the education system requires multiple strategies.
Building youth health champions in an Indian subpopulation for non-communicable disease prevention
Authors: Blunt Madeleine , Joseph Liyana , George Caroline , Garner Shelby
Published: October 2019

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of death in India, creating the need to research strategies for preventing and recognising these diseases.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to develop and research an interactive health education programme on NCDs in a rural subpopulation of Bengaluru and to build ‘health champions’ among young people to contribute to the prevention of NCDs in India.

Design:

A descriptive qualitative approach was used to develop and evaluate an interactive educational programme. Students, aged 12–16, from a rural secondary school took part in the study.

Method:

Participants were separated into five focus groups covering different NCDs including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, otitis media, oral cancer and malnutrition. Each focus group was interviewed face-to-face before, during and after all activities. Content analysis was conducted using a directed approach.

Results:

Findings were organised into themes that described aspects of learning that enhanced or detracted from student understanding about NCDs.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study show that creative methods have a positive impact on educating students, aged 12–16, on NCDs.