bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Corporate Financial Performance in Indonesia’s Transportation and Logistic Sector
Authors: Herdiana Shelomita Candra , Rahmawati Ika Yustina , Tubastuvi Naelati , Utami Restu Frida
Published: December 2023

Aims: To examine the effect of the board of directors, board of commissioners, independent board of commissioners, capital structure, liquidity, and sales growth on the company's profitability.

Study Design: Dependent variable: profitability, independent variables: board of directors, board of commissioners, independent board of commissioners, capital structure, liquidity, and sales growth.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted on transportation and logistics sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2022.

Methodology: The method used in data collection is study uses purposive sampling that produce 56 company data from 148 data by caltulating them using several tests: descriptive statistical, chow, hausman, lagrange multiplier, and regression using the Eviews 12 analysis tool.

Results: The analysis test showed the results chow test with values of 0.009<0.05(FEM), the results of hausman test of 0.627>0.05(REM), and the LM test of 0.149>0.05(CEM) and the results of regression test in the hypothesis test on the variables of the board of directors resulted in a probability value of 0.000<0.05(accepted) can affect the proditability, on the variables of the board of commissioners(0.710), independent board of commissioners(0.119), Capital Structure(0.200), liquidity(0.196), sales growth(0.218) and showing probability value>0.05(not accepted) do not affect the company's profitability.

Conclusion: The result showed that transportation and logistic sector at company’s profit level can be affected by the mangement of directors which affects the increase in profitability. However, with the increase in the number of commissioners, independent commissioners, the many burdens and obligations borne, the company cannot achieve maximum profits. The increase in sales growth doesn’t affect the company's profits because of the enormous debt and operating costs that must be paid to meet its operational needs. Thus the company can provide signals or information according to signaling theory to investors to compare and make investment decisions in the company.
Description of Implementation of the Project-Based Learning Model in the Practical Activity of Writing Text of “Observation Result Reports" For Class VII Junior High School Students
Authors: Arya Fita Septiana , Harjono Hary Soedarto , Kamarudin
Published: December 2023

This research aims to describe the implementation of the project-based learning (PjBL) learning model in learning to write "observation report" texts for junior high school students. This research was conducted by applying a qualitative approach with case study techniques. Research data was obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The subjects of this research were students in class VII B of SMP N 6 Jambi City, with 30 students. The instruments used in this research were a list of interview questions, a checklist of student activities, and a rubric for assessing project results. Based on the study and analysis, the project-based learning model can improve the quality of students' writing. The application of the project-based learning model uses six phases: observing a phenomenon, asking basic questions, designing a project plan to be implemented, compiling a detailed project schedule, supervising students and their projects, and testing and evaluating the project results. Of the six syntaxes, everything went well; the students' writing test results obtained excellent, sound, and quite good results from 4 groups. It can be seen based on the results of students' writing, which meets the criteria for observation report texts based on phenomena, structure, and language rules. Several stages prepared by the teacher in the form of teaching modules are also by the implementation process, especially in controlling and guiding students, from finding ideas, creating titles, and student writing to the assignment presentation stage. The research has implications for implementing the project-based learning (PjBL) model to improve students' writing skills, especially in writing observation reports.
Unlocking the Economic Potentials of Leafy Vegetable: A Case Study of Farmers in Akoko South West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oladoyin Olanrewaju Peter , Adegoroye Ademola , Akinbola Adeyose Emmanuel , Borokini Emmanuel Adesina
Published: December 2023

This study analysed the economic potentials of leafy vegetable among farmers in Akoko South West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Primary data were used for this study with a well- structured questionnaire and personal interview for the collection of the data with a sample size of 150 farmers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and multiple regression analysis. The analysis of the data showed that about two-third of the farmers were male,74.7% married and the majority (58.7%) of the respondents were in their economic active age (41-50 years). Majority (94%) of the farmers were educated with the average farming experience of 14 years. The results also revealed that the major types of vegetables available in the study area were; Africa spinach, Pumpkin, water leaf, jute leaf and bitter leaf. The result on return on investment was 2.31, implying that for every N1 invested on vegetable production, there is a return of N2.31kobo which is an indication that the business is worthwhile. The study also revealed the gender, age of farmers, marital status, level of education and household size were the factors that significantly and positively influence leafy vegetable output in the area. The most serious problems encountered by the vegetable farmers were; inadequate capital, unstable price of vegetables, the incidence of pest, pilfering and theft and inadequate information. Thus, it is recommended that agricultural credit should be provided for vegetable farmers to boost vegetable production.
Evaluation of Stability and TLC Fingerprinting of the Artemether Component in Artemether-Lumefantrine Combination Suspension Formulations Available in Nigeria Pharmaceutical Market
Authors: Ebeshi Benjamin U. , Bunu Samuel J. , Egemba Chika L. , Vaikosen Edebi N. , Kashimawo Adesegun
Published: December 2023

Aim: Artemether is the main component of the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), used in the management of malaria infection caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Hence, its stability and conformation to pharmacopeia standards are necessary for use. The study aimed to review the first-order derivative spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of artemether and its derivatives in pure and combined formulations, and their stability profiles, then develop a simple, precise, and fast technique for their rapid physicochemical analysis.

Methodology: Thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) Fingerprinting principles were used in the analysis. Artemether and its derivatives were spotted on the TLC chromatograms after adding 25 mL of the suspension to a mixture of 100 mL of distilled water and 4 mL of NaOH, extracting the mixture with 60 mL of dichloromethane (DCM), drying, and sonicating the residue with 20 mL of the solvent. It was centrifuged, and the clear supernatant was spotted on the TLC plates.

Results: The color test results revealed the presence of the artemether compound in the reference standard as well as the six brands of suspensions (A, B, C, D, E, and F) utilized in the study. Artemether melting point was obtained between 86 - 89 °C; within the International Pharmacopeia specified range. The chromatograms of Artemether and derivatives showed Rf values of 0.25 (impurity A), 0.3 (artenimol impurity B), 0.35 (impurity C), 0.4 (α-artemether: impurity D), and 0.55 (artemether).

Conclusion: The devised method can be applied to the routine quality control analysis of artemether-lumefantrine suspension in addition to existing analytical techniques.
Rural Public Infrastructure and Agricultural Development under the “Manufacturing Supporting Agriculture” Policy in Developing Countries
Authors: Chen Lihui , Wang Dianshuang
Published: December 2023

This paper systematically examines the repercussions of rural development facilitated by the implementation of the "manufacturing supporting agriculture" policy. The financial resources for public infrastructure development in rural areas are sourced exclusively from the manufacturing sector. The study deduces that an augmentation in the unit supporting fund correlates with a diminished urban unemployment ratio and the advancement of rural development. Moreover, if the impact of public infrastructure on agricultural output is substantial, the manufacturing sector need not necessarily experience a decline in output when the government enacts this policy. Additionally, the study determines that the optimal level of the unit supporting fund is greater (or smaller) compared to an open economy scenario when the influence of price changes on national income is positive (or negative).
Some Fixed Point Techniques using \(\psi\)-contraction Mapping on the \(\mathit{C}^*\)-algebra Valued Metric Space
Authors: Awad Alshaimaa , Omran Saleh
Published: December 2023

In this article, we introduced and focused our attention to some fixed point theorems using \(\psi\)-contraction mapping on \(\mathit{C}^*\)-algebra valued metric space. In particular, we established some Banach fixed point theorem as well as several extensions and generalizations of this theorem in \(\mathit{C}^*\)-algebras valued metric spaces. Moreover, in order to illustrate the current results, some basic examples are presented and we gave an application on system linear operator equation by investigating the existence and uniqueness to the solution of this equation.
Role of Climate-Smart Agriculture towards Sustainable Food Production
Authors: Nagar Ashish Kumar , Namdeo Siddharth , Verma Badal , Shrivastava Sanjana , Sarkar Rajesh
Published: December 2023

Agriculture output is currently under severe threat from global climate change. The two biggest challenges of this century are thought to be reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and maintaining food security. The idea of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) can address the difficulties facing agricultural development. By improving adaptation, lowering GHG emissions, and assuring domestic food security, it can achieve this in a sustainable manner. There hasn't been any comprehensive research done yet on CSA advancements in developed and developing nations. Reviewing the recent developments, difficulties, and potential future orientations of CSA will be both timely and beneficial. The definition of CSA and its development objectives are discussed in this article. The most recent CSA developments in industrialized and developing nations are then examined. The current issues and difficulties in CSA are examined and identified. Finally, suggestions for the future prospects and directions of CSA are made. The primary directions for CSA's future development include using cutting-edge internet technology to ensure the security of agricultural information, enhancing crop management and planting practices, providing "internet + weather" services to raise the caliber of agricultural services, and offering insurance based on agricultural weather indices. This review article offers fresh concepts and methods for enhancing ecological environmental defense, encouraging environmentally friendly agricultural development, and reducing the impact of climate change.
Assessment of the Existing Feeding and Housing Management Practices of Dairy Animals in Rajbanshi Dairy Farmers
Authors: Barman Bikram , Mohammad Asif , Girish C. E.  , Kisku Upali , Lepcha Chimi Yangzom , Yadav Pushpendra
Published: December 2023

Feeding and housing play a very significant role in utilizing the real potential of dairy animals as both are prerequisite factors for milk production. The study was conducted in the Coochbehar district of West Bengal to explore the existing feeding and housing management practices followed by Rajbanshi dairy farmers. A total sample size of 200 dairy farm families was taken using multistage random sampling for the present study. It was observed that the majority of dairy farmers (63.00%) followed the system of stall feeding and for feeding green fodder majority (94.50%) of dairy farmers depended on naturally grown vegetation/ pastures. The study revealed that the majority (68.00%) of dairy farmers fed paddy straw as dry fodder followed by 32.00 percent of dairy farmers who fed both paddy straw and wheat straw to their animals. The majority (83.00%) of the dairy farmers did not feed mineral mixtures to their animals. Among animal sheds a vast majority (83.50%) were kaccha and the maximum percentage (87.50%) of the housing systems were single row. The majority (83.00%) of the sheds had a full wall in addition to this the walls were made up of tin sheets (45.00%) as well as jute sticks (37.00%). Rice straw was used as bedding material in the winter season by 62.00% percent of dairy farmers. The existing feeding and housing practices among Rajbanshi dairy farmers need improvement, including increased awareness of fodder cultivation, promotion of home-prepared feed, mineral supplementation, better shed construction, sanitation, and waste management.
Evaluation of Total Protein in Malaria Parasitaemia
Authors: Ikpeama Roseanne Adah , Okolonkwo Benjamin Nnamdi , Nyenke Clement Ugochukwu , Okeke Chukwubike Udoka , Ezenwaka Chinonye Oluchi
Published: December 2023

Malaria endemicity is most common in the tropical region, continuous transmission still occurs in about 85 countries and regions. The liver is very essential in overall body physiology and it plays a very important role in the life cycle of malaria and its function may be altered due to malaria parasitaemia. This cross sectional study was aimed at evaluating the level of total protein in malaria parasitaemia among children attending Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital, Palmars, Omega Children Hospital, Early Breed Group of Schools, St Francis Nursery and Primary school and Staff Nursery and Primary school in Port Harcourt, Rivers state Nigeria. Of the 1000 subjects within 1-10 years, 694 subjects had malaria parasitaemia while 306 subjects had no malaria and thus made up the control group. Venipuncture technique was used to collect samples for estimation of malaria parasite density and total protein (TP) using biuret method. The results showed low (873.8±30.44), moderate (3248±109.31) and high malaria (24813.8±877.22) densities with TP values of 42.70±0.50g/l, 43.21±0.60g/l and 39.64±0.60g/l respectively. There was a significant difference (P-value<0.05) in total protein (TP) levels among various groups of malaria densities. This study has shown that the impact of malaria on the liver health vary depending on the level of the infestation.
Exploring of Lethal Dose (LD50) Using Gamma Rays and Its Impact on Seed Germination and Seedling Survival in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni cv. CIM-Madhu
Authors: Dhange Pooja Rajendra , Gowda A. P. Mallikarjuna , Kandpal Kavita , Smitha G. R.
Published: December 2023

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni an natural alternative to sugar and is known for production of sweet glycosides. The impact of gamma radiations in developing new stevia mutants was carried out at Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. Seeds of stevia cv. CIM-Madhu were collected and irradiated with various dosages of gamma rays viz. 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Gy to assess the LD50 value. The maximum germination (65%) was seen in the non-mutagenized control group followed by 61 percent in treatment comprising of 50 gy gamma irradiation with 6.15 per cent reduction in germination over the control. The maximum survival percentage was recorded in non-mutagenized control group (89%). Non-mutagenized control group took significantly lesser number of days (12 days) for germination and the treatment comprising of 200 Gy and 500 Gy took maximum number of days for germination (20 days). LD50 a dose that causes 50% mortality to the seeds was found at 150 Gy. This LD50 dose can be used as reference for initiating mutation breeding in other cultivars of stevia.
Effect of Natural Farming, Organic, Inorganic and Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield and Economics of Fodder Oat
Authors: Shobhit  , Kumari Priyanka , Ravinder  , Prasher Ayush , Singh Tejender
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Mandi (H.P.) during Rabi 2021-2022 to study the effect of natural farming, organic, inorganic and integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and economics of fodder oat. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications, comprising of six nutrient management treatments. Inorganic nutrient management and integrated nutrient management (FYM @ 5 t/ha + 50 percent of recommended dose of fertilizers) behaving alike resulted in significantly better crop growth (plant height, numbers of shoots per square meter and dry matter accumulation) and higher fodder yield (green and dry) as compared to farmer’s practice(FYM @ 2.5 t/ha + 25 percent of recommended dose of fertilizers), organic nutrient management (FYM @ 10 t/ha + Jeevamrit) and natural farming nutrient management (Beejamrit + Jeevamrit + mulching) treatments. Inorganic nutrient management proved most profitable with highest net returns and net returns per rupee invested.
Selection of Starter from Decaying Oranges and Pineapple for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Omoolorun, J. B.  , Afolabi, F. T.  , Olufemi, S. E.  , Adeyemo, S. M.
Published: December 2023

Screening of yeasts for bioethanol production is an important aspect of industrial microbiology and biotechnology. Optimal yeast nutrition also requires availability of nutrients allowing for growth and ethanol production and ability to withstand the increasing concentration of the medium during fermentation. This study seeks to use appropriate methods to isolate, characterize and identify yeasts isolates with essential attributes for bioethanol production. Microbiological and Physicochemical assessment of the isolated strains was carried out on yeast maintenance media for the determination of ethanol, temperature and salt tolerance ability, growth at different pH and temperature, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid test, determination of killer toxins production capacity of yeast, nitrate and carbon assimilation and sugar fermentation tests were carried out to select the best starter for production.

Fifteen yeasts were isolated belonging to the genera Saccharomyces, Candida, Rhodotorula, Kluvyreomyces, Trichosporon, Pichia. S. cerevisae and K. marxianus showed efficient physico-chemical attributes. Proximate analysis of fruits juice showed a moisture content between 81.83 – 86.37%, crude protein 1.33 – 2.00%, Ash 0.73 – 0.83%, carbohydrate 11.87 – 15.67% and Ether 0.1 – 0.5%. The total sugar ranged from 1.83 – 13.17, equal mixture of oranges and pineapple juice showed a sugar content of 15 which reduced during fermentation while the alcohol content increased. Organisms were able to tolerate a percentage of 4-30% ethanol content, tolerating 15% sodium chloride which is an index of osmotolerance. At higher concentration, growth reduced, organisms produced catalase, reduced nitrate and showed a variation in utilization of different sugars.

At the end of the screening, S. cerevisiae and K. marxianus showed the best attribute essential for bioethanol production and were chosen as starters. The ability of the selected yeast isolates to produce Killer toxins against E. coli showed a negative result. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out on the selected yeast isolates using chloramphenicol and nalidixic and the two organisms were resistant to the antibiotics tested.

The ability of the organisms to grow in changing environmental conditions and ethanol tolerance are attributes essential for production while Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed the highest attribute followed by Kluveromyces marxinus. This study concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be employed as starter in the industry for the production of bioethanol and in the conversion of agricultural waste to wealth.
The Impact of Different Training Modalities in Metabolic Profile of Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Iassiunik Antônio Gabriel , Malfatti Carlos Ricardo Maneck , Soares Kelly Cristina Nogueira , Silva Marcielli Cristina Da , Brasil Marcos Roberto , Silva Luiz Augusto Da
Published: December 2023

Metabolic Syndrome is a set of metabolic risk factors related to a higher probability of death for diseases such as Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases. This research has as general objective to understand the impact of different training programs, with short intervention time (12 to 20 weeks) in the Metabolic Syndrome indicators of adults and elderly individuals. Through this integrative literature review with studies from the years 2010 to 2020, we sought to perform analyzes on the effect of resistance, aerobic and combined training protocols on the metabolic status of people with Metabolic Syndrome. The following metabolic, physiological and anthropometric variables were analyzed: Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), HDL-c, TG, Glucose and Waist Circumference (CC). The results showed that the Resistance Training in conjunction with caloric restriction showed greater effectiveness in reducing DBP and SBP. The increase in HDL-c was found in two of the four Resistance Training interventions. No aerobic training protocol showed significant changes in glucose levels. It was also shown that the Concurrent Training had a greater impact on the reductions in SBP, Glucose and CC. We observed in these studies that all training programs proved to be efficient in reducing metabolic syndrome indicators in sedentary people with a short intervention period.
Job-seeking Business Administration Degree Holders in Saudi Arabia Based on Universities Outcomes, Gender and Regions: Comparative Study
Authors: Alshammari Amal Obaikah , Subaie Nouf Mohammed Al
Published: December 2023

This study aims to not only investigate the employment outcomes of university graduates facing limited job opportunities but also identify regions with high unemployment rates. A sample of 3303 participants from the Statistics Authority's Jadarah program applicants in 2020 was used for this study. The sample was restricted to three universities: King Abdulaziz University, King Saud University, and Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University. The business administration specialization selected for analysis encompasses all academic levels (diploma to master's) and genders. A statistical analysis program, SPSS, was employed to analyze the data. The main result indicates that the university plays a role in increasing the opportunity of getting a job, and the Riyadh region has a high demand of job requests.
Quantum Physics in the Context of Countable and Uncountable Infinite Sets from the Perspective of Real Analysis
Authors: Arantes Gabriel Costa Vieira , Rodrigues Clóves Gonçalves
Published: December 2023

This study aims to investigate countable and uncountable infinite sets from the perspective of real analysis. Key theorems and definitions related to this topic are presented, along with some specific applications in quantum physics, such as the quantization of energy, the relationships between the discrete and the continuous, and the hypothesis of the linearity of the Schrödinger wave equation.
Identification and Characterization of Water Borne Pathogen
Authors: Saxena Shivangi , Chakraborty Dipjyoti
Published: December 2023

Aims: To carry out isolation and characterization of bacteria from water samples.

Study Design: Collection of water samples from different water sources, isolation of bacteria and establishment of pure culture, identification of bacteria

Place and Duration of Study: Sample collected from Hingotiya and Palai village of Tonk district, Rajasthan July-August, 2018.

Methodology: For initial screening of bacterial population, standard methods namely serial dilution and streaking methods were used, for identification, colony morphology and molecular characterization (16s rRNA gene) was done.

Results: The bacteriological analysis revealed that Enterobacter cloacae was present in the collected tap-water.

Conclusion: Presence of E. cloacae in tap water necessitates recommendation of frequent sanitation, treatment, management of water sources, and routine regular bacteriological assessment of all water sources for consumption as a drinking water.
Departmental Store Management System
Authors: N. Baggyalakshmi , M. Kavidharshini , R. Revathi
Published: December 2023

A Departmental Store Management System (DSMS) is a software application that utilises a series of protocols to synchronise the activities of numerous processes on a network. This ensures that all components work together harmoniously to carry out a single or a few closely linked tasks. This approach is beneficial for individuals who already have an established shop and wish to attract attention to their stores. It is user-friendly. This system is specifically tailored to meet the company's unique requirements and facilitate efficient and seamless operations. The application is minimized to minimize data input errors. The system establishes an online production system that allows a manufacturing business to plan its manufacturing operations according to the daily sales updates received from its dealers. After the dealers input the sales numbers of items from the previous week and submit orders for the next delivery online, a production schedule for the following week will be created. A report detailing the necessary raw materials or components will be created, and the product specifications will be transmitted online. Suppliers will be requested to provide their pricing information. After receiving the quoted rates, the order will be promptly placed according to the specified delivery schedules. Upon receipt of the parts, the stocks will be promptly updated. Subsequently, a comprehensive production plan will be prepared, taking into account the bill of materials. Upon approval of the production plan, the inventory will be updated upon issuance of the material. Upon the availability of the finished products, the delivery schedules will be developed according to the orders placed by the Dealers. The inventory held by the dealers will also be managed.
Streamlined Yearbook Automation System
Authors: N. Baggyalakshmi , A.S. Dhanushiya , R. Revathi
Published: December 2023

The primary function of online company year book development is to ensure the correct upkeep of personnel records. The ability to articulate one's thoughts and feelings is a great benefit of this medium. Staff members can access all company-related information, including Staff Details and corporate function details, in one convenient location. Both during and after their time as students, administrators keep meticulous records. Access to employee and company details can only be granted by the administrator. After that, students need to get into the development of the Year Book. The website allows for the reduction of manual processes, errors, and time consumption. That's right; computer technology is pervasive across all industries. That is why the invention of computers was crucial in making previously insurmountable jobs much easier. This Online Year Book Development project is designed to keep track of workers' work records and achievements for a specific academic time. This is where the new user has to fill out their details. Once they log in, users will be able to view the company's profile, staff data, and a gallery of the company's work.
A‐kinase anchoring proteins are enriched in the central pair microtubules of motile cilia in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Rao Venkatramanan G. , Shendge Amruta A. , D'Gama Percival P. , Martis Elvis A. F. , Mehta Shraddha , Coutinho Evans C. , D'Souza Jacinta S.
Published: December 2023

Cilia are microtubule‐based sensory organelles present in a number of eukaryotic cells. Mutations in the genes encoding ciliary proteins cause ciliopathies in humans. A‐kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) tether ciliary signaling proteins such as protein kinase A (PKA). The dimerization and docking domain (D/D) on the RIIα subunit of PKA interacts with AKAPs. Here, we show that AKAP240 from the central‐pair microtubules of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cilia uses two C‐terminal amphipathic helices to bind to its partner FAP174, an RIIα‐like protein with a D/D domain at the N‐terminus. Co‐immunoprecipitation using anti‐FAP174 antibody with an enriched central‐pair microtubule fraction isolated seven interactors whose mass spectrometry analysis revealed proteins from the C2a (FAP65, FAP70, and FAP147) and C1b (CPC1, HSP70A, and FAP42) microtubule projections and FAP75, a protein whose sub‐ciliary localization is unknown. Using RII D/D and FAP174 as baits, we identified two additional AKAPs (CPC1 and FAP297) in the central‐pair microtubules.
Molecular mechanisms of perilipin protein function in lipid droplet metabolism
Authors: Griseti Elena , Bello Abdoul Akim , Bieth Eric , Sabbagh Bayane , Iacovoni Jason S. , Bigay Joëlle , Laurell Henrik , Čopič Alenka
Published: December 2023

Perilipins are abundant lipid droplet (LD) proteins present in all metazoans and also in Amoebozoa and fungi. Humans express five perilipins, which share a similar domain organization: an amino‐terminal PAT domain and an 11‐mer repeat region, which can fold into amphipathic helices that interact with LDs, followed by a structured carboxy‐terminal domain. Variations of this organization that arose during vertebrate evolution allow for functional specialization between perilipins in relation to the metabolic needs of different tissues. We discuss how different features of perilipins influence their interaction with LDs and their cellular targeting. PLIN1 and PLIN5 play a direct role in lipolysis by regulating the recruitment of lipases to LDs and LD interaction with mitochondria. Other perilipins, particularly PLIN2, appear to protect LDs from lipolysis, but the molecular mechanism is not clear. PLIN4 stands out with its long repetitive region, whereas PLIN3 is most widely expressed and is used as a nascent LD marker. Finally, we discuss the genetic variability in perilipins in connection with metabolic disease, prominent for PLIN1 and PLIN4, underlying the importance of understanding the molecular function of perilipins.
Membranes that make fat: roles of membrane lipids as acyl donors for triglyceride synthesis and organelle function
Authors: Barbosa Antonio D. , Siniossoglou Symeon
Published: December 2023

Triglycerides constitute an inert storage form for fatty acids deposited in lipid droplets and are mobilized to provide metabolic energy or membrane building blocks. The biosynthesis of triglycerides is highly conserved within eukaryotes and normally involves the sequential esterification of activated fatty acids with a glycerol backbone. Some eukaryotes, however, can also use cellular membrane lipids as direct fatty acid donors for triglyceride synthesis. The biological significance of a pathway that generates triglycerides at the expense of organelle membranes has remained elusive. Here we review current knowledge on how cells use membrane lipids as fatty acid donors for triglyceride synthesis and discuss the hypothesis that a primary function of this pathway is to regulate membrane lipid remodeling and organelle function.
Redox and metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer and cancer‐associated adipose tissue
Authors: Zakic Tamara , Pekovic‐Vaughan Vanja , Cvoro Aleksandra , Korac Aleksandra , Jankovic Aleksandra , Korac Bato
Published: December 2023

Redox and metabolic processes are tightly coupled in both physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer, their integration occurs at multiple levels and is characterized by synchronized reprogramming both in the tumor tissue and its specific but heterogeneous microenvironment. In breast cancer, the principal microenvironment is the cancer‐associated adipose tissue (CAAT). Understanding how the redox‐metabolic reprogramming becomes coordinated in human breast cancer is imperative both for cancer prevention and for the establishment of new therapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the redox profiles and regulation of intermediary metabolism in breast cancer while considering the tumor and CAAT of breast cancer as a unique Warburg's pseudo‐organ. As cancer is now recognized as a systemic metabolic disease, we have paid particular attention to the cell‐specific redox‐metabolic reprogramming and the roles of estrogen receptors and circadian rhythms, as well as their crosstalk in the development, growth, progression, and prognosis of breast cancer.
Investigation on the accuracy of field widths and the quantitative relationship with energy variations for dynamic jaws helical tomotherapy
Authors: Poon Ho Ming , Chiu Tin Lok , Yu Siu Ki
Published: December 2023

Background and purpose

TomoEDGE is an advanced technology for TomoTherapy treatment delivery by introducing a sliding‐window dynamic jaw motion. The front and back jaws move independently at the start and end of a target volume along the longitudinal couch direction to reduce the undesired dose to the normal tissues. The accuracy of field width is essential to treatment delivery in this regard. The purpose of this work was to analyze the performance of dynamic jaws on helical tomotherapy and investigate the relationship with energy variation.

Methods

The Tomotherapy‐Quality‐Assurance (TQA) Dynamic Field Width procedure was performed monthly across three tomotherapy machines. All field widths were analyzed, especially the FWHM of the 10 mm field width. Field width measurements were compared with the ratio of Percentage Depth Dose at 20 and 10 cm to render the value of correlation. Changes in beam FWHM and energy were further discussed. Two‐year data were collected for this purpose.

Results

On average, measured field widths in each unit agreed within 1% tolerance recommendation stated. The average absolute difference between reference and measured FWs in each unit was approximately 0.07 mm. An increase of 1.5% in the FW of the 10 mm nominal beam width was correlated with a 1% increase in PDD20,10 ratio, implying a positive correlation between the two factors (p < 0.002).

Conclusions

A positive correlation between nominal 10 mm FW and PDD20,10 was observed. In the case that the PDD20,10 marginally passes the QA tests, users are recommended to consider further verification on Dynamic Jaws to ensure the smallest field width to be within tolerance, which is essential to maintain effective treatment in TomoEDGE system. Since the regression of this study was a single‐factor model, other confounding factors such as the focal spot size of linear accelerator should also be considered when evaluating the machine status.
PenTag, a Versatile Platform for Synthesizing Protein‐Polymer Biohybrid Materials
Authors: Mohsenin Hasti , Pacheco Jennifer , Kemmer Svenja , Wagner Hanna J. , Höfflin Nico , Bergmann Toquinha , Baumann Tim , Jerez‐Longres Carolina , Ripp Alexander , Jork Nikolaus , Jessen Henning J. , Fussenegger Martin , Köhn Maja , Timmer Jens , Weber Wilfried
Published: December 2023

The site‐specific and covalent conjugation of proteins on solid supports and in hydrogels is the basis for the synthesis of biohybrid materials offering broad applications. Current methods for conjugating proteins to desired targets are often challenging due to unspecific binding, unstable (noncovalent) coupling, or expensive and difficult‐to‐synthesize ligand molecules. Here, is presented PenTag, an approach for the bioorthogonal, highly specific, and covalent conjugation of a protein to its ligand for various applications in materials sciences. Penicillin‐binding protein 3 (PBP3) is engineered and shows that this protein can be used for the stable and spontaneous conjugation of proteins to dyes, polymers, or solid supports. PenTag as a crosslinking tool is applied for synthesizing stimuli‐responsive hydrogels or for the development of a biohybrid material system performing computational operations emulating a 4:2 encoder. Based on this broad applicability and the use of a small, cheap, and easy‐to‐functionalize ligand and a stable, soluble recombinant protein, is seen PenTag as a versatile approach toward biohybrid material synthesis.
Metabolically Glycoengineered Neural Stem Cells Boost Neural Repair After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Du Jian , Liu Xiao , Marasini Subash , Wang Zhuoran , Dammen‐Brower Kris , Yarema Kevin J. , Jia Xiaofeng
Published: December 2023

Cardiac arrest (CA)‐induced cerebral ischemia remains challenging with high mortality and disability. Neural stem cell (NSC) engrafting is an emerging therapeutic strategy with considerable promise that, unfortunately, is severely compromised by limited cell functionality after in vivo transplantation. This groundbreaking report demonstrates that metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) using the “Ac5ManNTProp (TProp)” monosaccharide analog stimulates the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, improves cell adhesion, and enhances neuronal differentiation in human NSCs in vitro thereby substantially increasing the therapeutic potential of these cells. For the first time, MGE significantly enhances NSC efficacy for treating ischemic brain injury after asphyxia CA in rats. In particular, neurological deficit scores and neurobehavioral tests experience greater improvements when the therapeutic cells are pretreated with TProp than with “stand‐alone” NSC therapy. Notably, the TProp‐NSC group exhibits significantly stronger neuroprotective functions including enhanced differentiation, synaptic plasticity, and reduced microglia recruitment; furthermore, Wnt pathway agonists and inhibitors demonstrate a pivotal role for Wnt signaling in the process. These findings help establish MGE as a promising avenue for addressing current limitations associated with NSC transplantation via beneficially influencing neural regeneration and synaptic plasticity, thereby offering enhanced therapeutic options to boost brain recovery following global ischemia.
Integrated High Voltage, Large Capacity, and Long‐Time Cyclic Stability of Lithium Organic Battery Based on a Bipolar‐Type Cathode of Triphenylamine‐Hydrazone COF Material
Authors: Li Weijun , Huang Qidi , Shi Hongliang , Gong Wei , Zeng Liang , Wang Haiyang , Kuai Yu , Chen Zhangxin , Fu Haichang , Dong Yujie , Zhang Cheng
Published: December 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a promising class of electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the reported cathodes of COFs typically exhibit low potential and voltage plateaus, which limits their further applications. In this work, a new hydrazone three‐dimensional (3D) COF material with bipolar characteristics, PTB‐DHZ‐COF, is constructed by Schiff base condensation of monomeric PTB with DHZ. The cell with PTB‐DHZ‐COF as the cathode exhibits a wide potential range of 1.2–4.2 V and a discharge voltage plateau of over 3.6 V. PTB‐DHZ‐COFX composites are successfully prepared by compounding PTB‐DHZ‐COF with carbon nanotubes. PTB‐DHZ‐COF40 cells show high specific capacity (114.24 mAh·g−1 at 1000 mA·g−1), excellent cycling capability (86.3% capacity retention after 5000 cycles), and ultra‐high energy density (489 Wh·kg−1 at 50 mA·g−1). This work provides a new strategy for the design of new COF materials and the development of high‐performance organic energy storage electrodes.
All 3D‐Printed Soft High‐Density Surface Electromyography Electrode Arrays for Accurate Muscle Activation Mapping and Decomposition
Authors: Zhao Yi , Chen Chen , Lu Baoyang , Zhu Xiangyang , Gu Guoying
Published: December 2023

High‐density surface electromyography (sEMG) electrode arrays enable the recording of tens to hundreds of channels of electromyographic signals, which have found wide applications in clinics and human‐machine interfaces. However, current manufacturing technologies of high‐density sEMG electrode arrays generally involve high‐cost equipments, complicated procedures, and insufficient programmability, severely hampering the rational design and practical applications of customized yet cost‐effective high‐density electrode arrays. Herein, the facile and efficient fabrication of novel 32‐channel soft high‐density sEMG electrode arrays by an all‐printed technique based on multimaterial direct ink writing 3D printing is presented. By employing rational four‐layer stacked structure designs with systematic ink printability evaluation, it can successfully realize seamless interfacial integration during the multimaterial printing, achieving reproducible, programmable, continuous fabrication of soft high‐density sEMG electrode arrays. The all 3D‐printed soft electrode arrays exhibit excellent stability, low impedance, and high signal‐to‐noise ratio superior to commercial products with an increase of 32.2%. Such intriguing properties enable this all 3D‐printed electrode arrays the unique capability of mapping muscle activation of the forearm, and the motor unit action potential trains can be precisely identified for varying hand gestures to effectively explore the innovative human‐machine interface toward diverse applications such as teleoperation and prosthetic control.
Achieving 21.4% Efficient CdSeTe/CdTe Solar Cells Using Highly Resistive Intrinsic ZnO Buffer Layers
Authors: Kujovic Luksa , Liu Xiaolei , Abbas Ali , Jones Luke O. , Law Adam M. , Togay Mustafa , Curson Kieran M. , Barth Kurt L. , Bowers Jake W. , Walls John M. , Oklobia Ochai , Lamb Dan A. , Irvine Stuart J. C. , Zhang Wei , Lee Chungho , Nagle Timothy , Lu Dingyuan , Xiong Gang
Published: December 2023

In this study, the use of intrinsic and highly insulating ZnO buffer layers to achieve high conversion efficiencies in CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells is reported. The buffer layers are deposited on commercial SnO2:F coated soda‐lime glass substrates and then fabricated into arsenic‐doped CdSeTe/CdTe devices using an absorber and back contact deposited by First Solar. The ZnO thickness is varied from 30 to 200 nm. The devices incorporating a 50 nm ZnO buffer layer achieved an efficiency of 21.23% without an anti‐reflection coating. An improved efficiency of 21.44% is obtained on a substrate with a multilayer anti‐reflection coating deposited prior to device fabrication. The highly efficient ZnO based devices are stable and do not develop anomalousJ‐Vbehavior following environmental tests. High resolution microstructural analysis reveals the formation of a high‐quality ZnO/CdSeTe interface. Unusually, chlorine is not detected as a discrete layer at the interface, these observations point to a high‐quality interface. The extrapolation ofVocto 0 K indicates that interface recombination dominates, suggesting that further improvement is possible. Using device modeling, an attempt is made to understand how this type of device performs so well.
Surface Functional Modification for Boosting Power Density of Hydrovoltaic Devices
Authors: Liu Yanhui , Li Zihao , Wang, Liying , Yang Xijia , Yang Yue , Li Xuesong , Jiang Yi , Gao Yang , Lü Wei
Published: December 2023

Generating electricity based on the interaction between water and materials is a new green energy harvesting technology. However, the performance based on streaming potential generation is not sufficient to drive microelectronic devices with high power supply demands. In this work, an asymmetric sandwich structure is designed with adjustable performance of hydrovoltaic devices as a power system for micro‐electronic devices. The flexible hydrovoltaic device structure that only consumes renewable energy is low‐cost, non‐polluting, and highly sustainable, achieving a satisfied output power density exceeding 124.5 µW·cm−2 (2075 µW·cm−3). Both experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the working principle of the device depends on the evaporation potential rather than the streaming potential. In addition, the integration of multiple devices makes it easy to drive electronic devices for correct operation and energy storage. For the first time, this integrated hydroelectric photovoltaic device has demonstrated the ability to charge commercial button‐type lithium batteries with great success. The current work combines asymmetric structure and tunable performance, providing an alternative method for high‐efficiency hydrovoltaic devices with high power density.
β‐Ketoenamine and Benzoxazole‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks Tailored with Phosphorylation for Efficient Uranium Removal from Contaminated Water Systems
Authors: Mei Douchao , Yan Bing
Published: December 2023

The complexity of nuclear wastewater treatment motivates the design and synthesis of highly selective and stable uranium adsorbents to provide environmental remediation. Herein, a post‐synthetic modification method is adopted to synthesize two β‐ketoenamine and benzoxazole‐linked COFs decorated with abundant phosphonic groups for the uranium removal, which overcome the disadvantage of amidoxime groups with stronger affinity for vanadium than uranium. The U‐uptake capacity of β‐ketoenamine‐based TpPa‐2OH‐PHos reaches 410.9 mg g−1 (pH 5, C0 = 100 mg L−1 and m/V = 1/10 g L−1). Notably, U‐uptake capacity of TpDBD‐PHos reaches 633.3 mg g−1 at the same conditions. More abundant phosphonic groups and the synergistic effect between the benzoxazole rings and phosphonic groups may be responsible for the good uranium adsorption performance for TpDBD‐PHos. Moreover, TpDBD‐PHos exhibits a satisfactory uranium removal rate of 87.71% in actual rainwater samples. The X‐ray pHotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggests that the strong interaction between U(VI) and oxygen/nitrogen atoms in the frameworks plays a vital role for the adsorption of TpPa‐2OH‐PHos and TpDBD‐PHos, which agrees well with the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The good chemostability and excellent selectivity demonstrate that TpDBD‐PHos is an outstanding candidate for the removal of uranium from contaminated water systems.
Structure‐Based Machine Learning Enables Discovery of Mn4+‐Activated Red‐Light Fluorides for Ultrawide‐Gamut Mini‐Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Yuanjing , Tang Wenyu , Zhang Chuang , Molokeev Maxim S. , Ming Hong , Zhou Yayun , Peng Shuai , Song Enhai , Zhang Qinyuan
Published: December 2023

Mn4+‐activated fluorides with a saturated red color and sharp line emission are ideal for applications in the light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) backlight for displays. However, the emissions attributed to 2E→4A2 parity and spin‐forbidden transitions limit the design and adjustments of emission wavelength and chromaticity coordinates. Herein, machine learning algorithms are used to build a wavelength‐prediction model for Mn4+‐activated fluorides. The model precisely identifies the key structural features that affect wavelengths and discovers target materials. The predicted candidate Cs2NaAlF6:Mn4+ (CNAF) with a long‐wavelength zero‐phonon‐line emission at 628 nm exhibits a redshift in comparison with other reported Mn4+‐activated fluorides and commercial K2SiF6:Mn4+, but maintains narrow spectral emission with full‐width half maximum (FWHM) of 11.2 nm. The redshift and narrow spectra result in a color purity of 99.7% and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinate of (0.7032,0.2967) that is close to the pure red‐light point of Recommendation BT. 2020 (Rec. 2020). Moreover, CNAF is prepared as a transparent red‐light film, and the device fabricated using the blue‐light mini‐LEDs, green quantum‐dot film, and CNAF film exhibits a wide color‐gamut of 121.5% National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) or 90.6% Rec. 2020, suggesting that CNAF has potential for wide‐color‐gamut displays.