bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute and sub-chronic toxicity screening of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Corynanthe pachyceras K. Schum (Rubiaceae), a Sub-Sahara African aphrodisiac plant
Authors: Ndomgang Aubrile Julie , Bonsou Fozin Georges Romeo , Tetsatsi Momo Aimé Césaire , Ngombeu Zeugang Henderson Herris Karl , Nokam Florence , Ngadjui Esther , Watcho Pierre
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study investigated the acute and sub-chronic toxicities of the aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extract (EE) from Corynanthe pachyceras. Methods: Acute and sub-chronic toxicity tests were carried out following the 425 and 407 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines respectively. For the acute toxicity study, mice were randomly divided into groups treated with a single dose of distilled water (10 ml/kg) or the single reference dose (2000 mg/kg) of aqueous or ethanolic extract of C. pachyceras. Lethal dose 50 (LD50) was determined after 24h. Mice were individually checked for any toxicity sign and mortality over a 14-day period. For the sub-chronic toxicity study, young rats orally received repeated doses of each extract (50, 150 or 450 mg/kg) during 28 days. Body weight was taken every 2 days. After sacrifice, organ weights, hematological, biochemical and histopathological markers were measured. Results: The LD50 of C. pachyceras extracts was found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg in the acute toxicity study. In the sub-chronic toxicity test, males receiving the high dose (450 mg/kg) of both extracts significantly showed an increase (P<0.05-0.001) in immune cells. In rats treated with the low (50 mg/kg) and medium (150mg/kg) doses of the ethanolic extract of C. pachyceras, activity of ALAT and, concentrations of direct bilirubin, creatinine and total cholesterol were significantly increased (P<0.05-0.0001) when compared with control rats. C. pachyceras extracts did not alter the histology of the vital organs studied. Conclusion: C. pachyceras can be considered as non-toxic, but low doses are recommended to avoid possible chronic side effects.
Extending the rape narrative: A corpus-assisted discourse analysis of the construction of rape in selected Nigerian dailies
Authors: Akano Richard Damilare , Afolabi Ayobami Adetoro
Published: July 2024

This study examines the discursive construction of rape in news reports from the standpoint of critical linguistics. To do this, a corpus of news articles on rape cases was generated from five Nigerian newspapers (The Punch, Vanguard, Daily Trust, Nigerian Tribune and Sun) published between 2018-2022. For concordance analysis, AntConc4 was deployed to tease out lexemes and collocates that index the construal of rape and actors. With insights from Wodak’s (2001) model of critical discourse analysis, the study identifies (e)vilifying rape and its perpetrators through labelling, the empathy-evoking construal of rape victims’ experience, and sexual offenders as blame-shifters as ideological constructs accentuated by discursive strategies. Existing studies have argued that the Nigerian press has largely promoted an androcentric order in the reporting of rape cases, to the detriment of rape victims. However, this study extends this view and suggests that Nigerian newspapers attempt to combat the heinous act of rape by vilifying, demonising, denigrating, and negatively portraying rape and perpetrators through linguistic constructs. These constructs are meant to project sexual offenders and their heinous acts to the public in highly repugnant and distasteful ways that would convince the public to desist from such acts.
On the development of psychology profession in Northern Ghana
Authors: Dziwornu Emmanuel , Amadu Peter Mintir , Oppong Seth
Published: July 2024

The history of psychology in Ghana has received research attention. However, documentation of regional or provincial history of psychology in Ghana has not received enough scholarly attention. In a resource-constrained setting, the least developed areas are often neglected, especially in terms of service provision and historical research. It is important that the progress of psychology in Northern Ghana, one of the least developed regions in Ghana, is examined to inform public policy decisions. In this paper, we discuss the history of psychology and its practice in Northern Ghana. We present the challenges faced by the profession in the region and some recommendations for improvement.
Effect of Brain drain on Performance of Tertiary Health Care Institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Agubata Uche , Okwueze F.O. , Eneh Ikenna
Published: July 2024

The study was carried out to examine the effectof Brain Drain on performance of Tertiary Healthcare Institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted. The hypotheses were tested using z-test analysis. The finding revealed that Brain drain has a significant negative effect on patient-to-doctor ratios in tertiary health care institutions in Enugu State, that Brain drain does have a significant negetive effect on treatment outcomes in tertiary health care institutions in Enugu State and that Brain drain has a significant negative effect on Patient Wait Time in tertiary health care institutions in Enugu State. The study concluded the effect of brain drain on service delivery in tertiary healthcare institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria, is profound and multifaceted. The departure of skilled healthcare professionals has resulted in a diminished workforce, leading to increased patient wait times, reduced access to specialized care, and challenges in delivering timely and comprehensive medical services. The study recommended among others that The government should invest in increasing medical school capacity, funding scholarships, and implementing targeted recruitment initiatives to address the shortage of healthcare professionals, ensuring a more favorable patient-to-doctor ratio in Enugu State, Nigeria.
Testicular pathology in albino rats administered graded doses of ethanol leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus
Authors: Igwe AO , Okelue C , Ijioma SN
Published: July 2024

Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemoprotective properties. This study investigated if increased doses of C. citratus ethanol extract can cause any serious adverse effect (gross, histological, hormonal, and/or inflammatory responses) on the testes of male albino rats. The sixty albino rats used in this study were randomly assigned into four groups of 15 each: 1/CENT each allowed free access to potable water, 2/CET2, 3/CET5, and 4/CET10 rats were each administered 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg b.w dose of C. citratus, respectively. At two-weeks intervals, the rats were examined for signs and lesions, serum samples were collected on days 0, 14 and 28 post-treatment and assayed for testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. On days 14 and 28 post treatment, gross and microscopic lesions were not observed in the testis of groups 2/CET2 and 3/CET5. Grossly, the testis of group 4/CET10 appeared reduced in size, with translucency of the visceral and parietal coats of the tunica vaginalis, while the histopathologic changes were degeneration of spermatogenic cells and fibrinous exudates expanding the intertubular spaces. Groups 2/CET2 and 3/CET5 testosterone, luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of 4/CET10. These findings suggest that degeneration of spermatogenic cells and fibrinous exudates expanding the intertubular spaces, and decreased reproductive hormone levels are diagnostic features of C. citratus toxicity in male albino rats.
Prevalence and Distribution of Viruses Associated with Fig Mosaic Disease in Iraq
Authors: Al-Kaeath Nabeel , Elair Manel , Mahfoudhi Naima
Published: July 2024

In the frame to study the prevalence and the distribution of viruses associated with fig mosaic disease in Iraq, surveys were carried out in  the main fig producing regions Al-Hashemiya, Al-Diwaniyah, AlSamawah and Al-Suwayrah. A total number of one hundred leaf samples  were randomly collected from major cultivars Aswed Dyala, Waziri and Sultani. All collected samples were analyzed using molecular tests  (RT-PCR) for detection of Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig leaf mottle associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottle associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2),  Fig mild mottle associated virus (FMMaV), Fig cryptic virus (FCV), Fig fleck associated virus (FFkaV) and Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1). A wide  range of foliar symptoms including mosaic, chlorotic mottling, vein banding, chlorotic ringspots and deformations, were observed on fig  trees. Molecular analysis detected the presence of at least one virus in 81% of fig trees tested. FCV was the prevailing virus with an  incidence of 45% followed by FLMaV-1 (39%), FMV (37%), FMMaV (28%), FFkaV (16%) and FLMaV-2 (10%). Regarding cultivars, the highest  infection rate was recorded for cv. Waziri (100%), followed by cv. Sultani (82.2%) and finally cv. Aswed Diyala (74%). This study represents  the first report of the presence of FLMaV-1, FLMaV-2, FMMaV and FFkaV in Iraq.
Assessment on Pesticide Knowledge and Usage by Apple Farmers in Foussana Delegation, Kasserine Governorate, in Center-West of Tunisia
Authors: Soltani Rasmi
Published: July 2024

Apple farmers in center-west of Tunisia are heavily dependent on pesticides to ensure the phytosanitary protection of their orchards. The  present study was carried out among the apple growers of the delegation of Foussana using face-to-face interviews to determine socio- demographic characteristics, status of pest management, their levels of knowledge of pesticide handling, their ability to understand the  displayed instructions on product labels and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The results showed that farmers used 3  classes of pesticides in their orchards: insecticides (47.76%), fungicides (28.36%) and acaricides (23.88%) among them 96.3% were  purchased from local retailers. About 25.61% of farmers declared reading always pesticide labels before application against 35.71% not  reading it at all and 38.68% were indifferent. About 57.3% of interviewed farmers applied pesticides in mixture. Among them, 31.7% mix 2  pesticides, 20.7% mixed 1 to 3 products together and 4.9% mixed 3 products in one tank. When mixing pesticides, the majority of farmers  do not respect the prescribed dose because of the lack of suitable graduate instrument. Only 3.7% of interviewed disposed and used full  PPE during pesticide spraying against 89.9% of them who used partial PPE. Regarding how to dispose empty containers, 89.65% of  farmers destroyed them by incineration against 11.2% who discard them in nature. These results indicated the unawareness of farmers  about the hazard linked to pesticide use. For that, it is important to implement measures to support and raise farmer’s awareness.
Assessment of Bottled Drinking Water Quality, Safety and Community Perceptions in Dodoma City, Tanzania
Authors: Katonge Jackson H. , Namangaya Mussa A.
Published: July 2024

The popularity of bottled drinking water stems from its convenience and purity, driving its rapid growth, but concerns about safety and quality persist. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters of bottled drinking in Dodoma City were evaluated from September to December 2023. Additionally, key informant interviews and questionnaire surveys were conducted with government regulators, producers, and consumers on regulatory frameworks, production processes, and consumer perceptions. Overall, all brands tested were suitable for drinking and met World Health Organization and Tanzania Bureau of Standards guidelines. The total dissolved solids (F = 0.86, p < 0.05), calcium (F = 5.26, p < 0.05) and chloride (F = 0.32, p < 0.05) were significantly different, while other parameters were not (p > 0.05) between measured and labelled values. The total viable and coliform counts in two brands (10%) of water were higher than the suggested levels of 100 cfu/ml and 0 cfu/ml, respectively. Bottling companies reported observance of quality control measures (93%), adherence to regulations (91%), transparency in production processes (86%), and consumer awareness of labels, expiration dates, and trust in the bottled water industry (95%). Public awareness, inspection, and testing of bottled water, as well as strengthening the existing framework, are recommended.
In-situ investigation of Kinetics of Phase Transformation of Ti54M Titanium Alloy by Electrical Resistivity
Authors: Katemi Richard J
Published: July 2024

The kinetics of phase transformation of Ti54M titanium alloy was investigated using electrical resistivity measurement for different heating cycles. The resulting microstructure parameters were analyzed using Aphelion software. It was found that α-phase starts to decompose to β-phase is between 600°C and 780°C. The temperature at which 100% β-phase was formed is 965°C. Beyond the temperature at which α-phase starts to decompose and despite the high heating rate of 10 °C/s, a rapid decrease of electrical resistivity which is attributed to dissolution of a-phase was observed. During isothermal holding, equilibrium was reached in about 15 minutes regardless of the holding temperature and differences in electrical resistivity observed at room temperature. A rapid increase in electrical resistivity during quenching which is attributed to martensitic transformation was observed and enhanced with increasing holding temperature. As expected, the fraction of α-phase, the surface density and average equivalent diameter of α-nodules decreased with increasing holding temperature. A good correlation between the variation of electrical resistivity and the fraction of a-phase obtained by image analysis after isothermal holding at different temperatures confirms that in-situ measurement of electrical resistivity can be used to determine the kinetics of phase transformation.
Behavioural, haematological, biochemical and histological changes in African Catfish, Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire, 1809) exposed to Orizoplus®
Authors: Elebe Florence A.
Published: July 2024

Worldwide, herbicides are used to control weeds to boost crop productivity, however, they could harm non-target species like fish if misapplied. This study evaluates the effect of Orizoplus®, a commonly used herbicide on the behaviour, haematology, blood biochemistry and kidney histology of juvenile catfish, Heterobranchus bidorsalis. Juvenile fish weighing 12.6.01±5.43g were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Orizoplus® for 96h. Thereafter, the water quality and behavioural, blood biochemistry and histopathological changes of the fish were monitored. The results showed concentration-dependent changes in behaviour. The white blood cell increased significantly (p<0.05) by 107-112% while red blood cells, haemoglobin, mean cell corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and mean cell haemoglobin content reduced non-significantly (p>0.05) in the test organisms compared to the control. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased significantly (p<0.05), however, changes in the serum glucose, protein and bilirubin were not significant (p>0.05). Histopathological changes in the exposed fish were moderate shrinking of the glomerulus, eosinophilic appearance of the tubules, focal distortion of the glomerulus and severe loss of renal tissues. These show that Orizoplus® is toxic to fish and proper regulation and education are required to guide against misuse.
Impact of COVID-19 on mental health: A Case of Indigenous Ndebele women within Gwanda District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Sibiziwe Shumba , Muyangata Joseph , Francisca Jakata
Published: July 2024

The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus (COVID-19) that shook the world in disturbing ways has impacted on women more than men in a multifaceted manner. The worst being an increase of mental health cases among women. At the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments across the world had to put their respective countries under lockdown measures. People were urged to stay at home, regularly wash their hands, and maintain social distance when out in public spaces. In Zimbabwe, the COVID-19 pandemic affected everyone, but more disproportionately women. Such women constituted a larger percentage of people who lived with and were affected by mental health challenges and disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic led to mental health problems due to disease experience, physical distancing, stigma, discrimination and job losses. Health care workers, patients suffering from COVID-19 related illnesses and those suffering from other chronic conditions, children, youths and women experienced post-traumatic disorders, anxiety, depression and insomnia. Hence, the main purpose of the study was to explore the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of indigenous Ndebele women within the Gwanda district. The study employed a qualitative methodological approach and a descriptive case study design. It used purposive sampling to select fifty participants and in-depth interviews and focus group discussions as the research instruments. The findings revealed that indigenous Ndebele women within Gwanda district were dealing with great mental pressure, which caused an imbalance in their lives. It was also found out that the loss of control over the decisions and actions of women in African indigenous cultures due to patriarchal and cultural systems, impacted on their mental health. The conclusion was that COVID-19 heavily affected Ndebele women’s mental health in Gwanda district. Given this scenario, it is necessary that sustainable intervention mechanisms are put in place to deal with mental health cases in general and help women with mental health challenges in particular during and after pandemics. The recommendations were that various advocacy strategies be used by the government especially local governments, since it is essential to include African indigenous women in recovery initiatives and ensure that critical resources are availed. The article fits into the theme of Women, COVID -19 and Mental Health in Africa: An African Interventionist Perspective. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 on indigenous Ndebele women in Gwanda district mental health problems intensified. The types of mental health problems and strategies suggested assist various policy makers with ways of overcoming mental health problems.
INSECTICIDAL AND ANTIFEEDANT EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST RED FLOUR BEETLE TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM
Authors: Dutta Abhinandan , Sarkar Sanjay
Published: July 2024

Tribolium castaneum commonly called Red flour beetle is a widely distributed stored grain pest. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of five medicinal plant extracts against T. castaneum under laboratory conditions. Five doses in five replications for each of the plant powder were prepared by mixing them with flour inside plastic jars. Ten pairs of adult beetles were placed inside each jar and mortality was recorded. Feeding deterrent index (FDI) was calculated. At the 4th day (96 hours after treatment) maximum mortality is seen in case Murraya koenigii followed by Mentha spicata, Justicia adhatoda, Centella asiatica, Hygrophila polysperma. The ANOVA result revealed that the ethanol extract of Murraya koenigiii is the most toxic against the pest in comparison to other plant extracts.
BREATHING EASY: NAVIGATING LUNG HEALTH IN A CHANGING ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Amin Md. Ruhul , Rafi Iftear Kazim
Published: July 2024

Air pollution is having a high concentration of pollutants in the air that can be harmful to people, animals, plants, or structures. It poses a significant risk to the health of people everywhere in the world. Individuals with chronic cardiovascular disorders, the elderly and small children are most vulnerable to the negative health impact due to dust, smoke, and polluted air. Exposure to dust has been linked to both infectious and non-infectious disorders. Influenza infectious disorders linked to dust include viruses, bacterial pneumonia, meningococcal meningitis, and pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Contaminated air exposure has been linked to non-infectious disorders such as lung fibrosis, asthma, sarcoidosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The present understanding of how ambient air pollution affects the respiratory system is investigated with relation to the health of the lung.
Diferenças de percepção do assédio sexual em Portugal
Authors: Swiatkiewicz Olgierd
Published: July 2024

O artigo apresenta os resultados das percepções de diferentes tipos de conduta como exemplificações de assédio sexual no local de trabalho. Os resultados foram obtidos através de um inquérito realizado em portugal em 2004, numa amostra por conveniência. As percepções de assédio sexual foram analisadas à luz da influência das variáveis (individuais e institucionais) independentes (sexo, idade, nível de formação, antiguidade na empresa, posição hierárquica; sentimento actual e futuro de segurança de/no emprego e de progressão na carreira, propriedade e origem do capital da empresa; dimensão, idade, sector/ramo de actividade e situação económico-financeira da empresa). Os resultados demonstram, entre outros, que as mulheres em maior percentagem do que os homens tendem a classificar quase todos os tipos de conduta como exemplos de assédio sexual; o sexo, a idade e o nível de formação dos inquiridos condicionam significativamente as percepções dos inquiridos; os homens com a idade tendem a ser menos tolerantes em relação a determinados tipos de conduta, enquanto as mulheres, pelo contrário, com a idade apresentam uma tendência para uma maior tolerância em relação a certas condutas.
Caracterização química e antioxidante do tomate português (l ycopersicon esculentum mill.) De culturas biológica e convencional: importância dos sistemas agrícolas no seu valor nutricional
Authors: Vinha Ana F. , Coutinho Filipe , Soares Marta O. , Santos António , Almeida-Dias A.
Published: July 2024

O principal objectivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar e caracterizar o perfil químico e o teor de compostos antioxidantes do tomate português cv. Redondo, cultivado por técnicas agrícolas diferentes (biológica e convencional). Atendendo ao impacto que a dieta mediterrânica tem na saúde pública, também foi estudado, por análise sensorial, o grau de aceitação e diferenciação organoléctica do fruto, produzido em diferentes sistemas agrícolas. Os tomates foram analisados, in natura, como inteiros, sem pele e sem semente. As amostras foram avaliadas quimicamente quanto à actividade de água, humidade, sólidos solúveis totais, pH, cor, teor de ácido ascórbico, teor de fenólicos totais e de licopeno. Para a análise estatística dos resultados, utilizou-se a análise univariada (ANOVA), teste de Tukey e o de t-Stduaent, adoptando-se um nivel de significância de 5%. Dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que os teores de compostos fenólicos e ácido ascórbico são superiores no tomate biológico (p<0,05), não existindo significância no teor de licopeno. De uma forma geral, o tipo de preparação doméstica (inteiro, sem pele, sem semente) influencia o valor nutricional do fruto, sendo o tomate inteiro o que apresenta maior valor de compostos bioactivos (p<0,05). O tomate biológico assumiu um papel preferencial na análise sensorial, evidenciando-se a importância dos produtos biológicos na promoção da saúde pública em geral.
Hábitos e comportamentos tabágicos dos professores do instituto politécnico de Bragança
Authors: De São Pedro Pires Tânia Cristina , Barreiro Ribeiro Maria Isabel , Gonçalves Fernandes António José
Published: July 2024

Os objectivos deste estudo envolvem a determinação da prevalência do tabagismo numa amostra de docentes do ensino superior público do distrito de Bragança, o conhecimento dos seus hábitos e comportamentos e a identificação dos factores associados ao consumo do tabaco. A prevalência do consumo de tabaco registada foi de 15,1%. As razões que levam ao consumo do tabaco são, entre outras, ter irmãos fumadores, ter um parceiro que fuma, conviver com familiares fumadores, combater o stresse e obter prazer. O inquirido tem consciência que fumar pode prejudicar outras pessoas e fazer mal à saúde, contudo não abdica deste hábito.
As cooperativas como agentes de empreendedorismo social na era da economia do conhecimento
Authors: Oliveira Pedro , Natário Manvela
Published: July 2024

Na era da globalização e da afirmação inequívoca da importância do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, focadas nos variados fóruns intemacionais, suscitam-se diversas questões em tomo da participação colectiva em matéria de Desenvolvimento Regional; designadamente quanto à importância do “Terceiro Sector” para reforçar o capital social e a espessura institucional dos territórios mais expostos à desindustrialização por falta de competitividade externa, num esforço de mobilização da sociedade civil para vencer desafios comprometedores do bem-estar social das gerações vindouras. No presente artigo explica-se porque o empreendedorismo social poderá contrariar a lógica dualista de competitividade regional inerente ao paradigma da “Economia do Conhecimento”, sendo esta potenciadora de um conflito entre eficiência e equidade (social e territorial), pelo risco de polarização geográfica do capital humano e da inovação que lhe está associada, inibindo o potencial endógeno de crescimento da produção, do rendimento e do emprego das regiões depauperadas.
PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN THE COKE INDUSTRY: CALLENGES AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Buljan Klara , Crnogaj Anja , Pejkić Đorđe
Published: July 2024

More and more industries are striving to conserve natural resources and make changes in the disposal of by-products and the treatment of resulting wastewater. One of them is GIKIL, the Lukavac coke plant. Given the complexity and challenges of the project, significant adaptability, patience, hard work, and effort were required to achieve satisfactory output parameters and meet the requirements prescribed by regulations. The amount of wastewater generated in the coking process is 1200 m3/day, with initial parameters far exceeding permissible limits, necessitating correction. The proposed and implemented technological solution involved biological and physico-chemical treatment, including deep aeration systems, process automation, upgrading of the existing system, and sludge settling and dehydration
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF WASTE SLUDGE FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS- CONTEMPORARY TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors:   University Union - Nikola , Serbia, Marković Teodora , Pilipović Nikola ,   University Union - Nikola Tesla, Serbia, Presburger Ulniković Vladanka ,   University Union - Nikola Tesla, Serbia, Cibulić Violeta ,   University Union - Nikola Tesla, Serbia
Published: July 2024

The disposal of sewage sludge presents a long-term environmental challenge. This paper explores the process of anaerobic digestion and an innovative technique involving microwave oven drying for sludge treatment. Following anaerobic digestion, the organic solid matter and biogas are utilized to produce activated charcoal using microwave drying. This method reduces the volume of sludge and allows its utilization in water purification and building materials. The aim is to minimize waste and generate safe products. This multidisciplinary approach contributes to long-term environmental preservation and sustainable natural resource management.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC REMOVAL OF MICROPOLLUTANTS FROM WATER
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Serbia, Ivetić Tamara , Pankov Nemanja ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Serbia, Bognár Szabolcs ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Serbia, Jovanović Dušica ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Serbia, Despotović Vesna ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Serbia, Šojić Merkulov Daniela ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Serbia, Miljanović Branko ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Serbia
Published: July 2024

The analysis of the physical-chemical, biological and microbiological parameters of the water quality of Lake Palić and Lake Ludaš showed a poor ecological status belonging to class V with the dominant presence of cyanobacteria in the composition of the phytoplankton community, which is an indicator of potentially risky water pollution with cyanotoxins. Heterogeneous photocatalysis based on ZnO is an innovative method for the mineralization of cyanotoxins, mycotoxins, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and other micropollutants from aquatic ecosystems. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized according to the principle of „green chemistry” with non-toxic precursors using the tartaric acid combustion method showed 100% photocatalytic efficiency in the removal of several types of micropollutants after only 60 min of visible light irradiation.
PLANNING APPROACH TO THE WATER SUPPLY OF SMALL SETTLEMENTS AND AGGLOMERATIONS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ZABLJAK
Authors:   Ekoboka projekt d.o.o. – Herceg Novi, Crna Gora, Doklestić Olivera
Published: July 2024

The municipality of Žabljak, with all urban and rural areas, is located in the zone of high altitudes. The paper provides a brief analysis of water resources for the area of the municipality of Zabljak, and an overview of settlements in terms of water needs. The paper also provides an analysis of microlocations, and the resolution of their water needs. The paper is an except from the hydrotechnical phase in the in the amendments to the Spatial Plan of the Municipality of Zabljak.
Doença de Dupuytren com ênfase nas abordagens técnicas cirúrgicas
Authors: Albuquerque Jessica Altino Gomes de Almeida , Teixeira Victória Maurício , Silva Tássia Campos de Lima e
Published: July 2024

A doença de Dupuytren trata-se de uma fibroplasia proliferativa do tecido palmar subcutâneo ocorrendo na forma de nódulos e cordões (nódulos de Dupuytren). Pode resultar em contraturas em flexão progressivas e irreversíveis das articulações dos dedos secundariamente1,2. Inicia-se com aumento da proliferação de fibroblastos seguida de deposição de colágeno tipo 3. Apresenta diversas causas fisiopatológicas, englobando fatores genéticos, ambientais (alcoolismo e tabagismo), e forte relação com pacientes diabéticos, hipertensos e obesos8. A contratura evolui progressivamente e o tratamento varia de acordo com a sintomatologia do paciente, onde a abordagem cirúrgica torna-se a mais indicada por postergar uma possível recidiva. Atualmente, as técnicas cirúrgicas da palma aberta ou McCash modificada, a fasciotomia parcial (FP) e a fasciotomia percutânea (FPC) são utilizadas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como intuito estabelecer parâmetros comparativos sobre o melhor método de tratamento cirúrgico de fasciectomia seletiva, levando em consideração riscos, indicação de acordo com a gravidade e melhor pós-operatório. O estudo foi realizado por meio de revisão de literatura, análise descritiva qualitativa, e retrospectiva, no período de 10 anos (2013 a 2023), onde foram selecionados onze artigos contendo dados de estudos clínicos de casos de pacientes submetidos aos três tipos de técnicas cirúrgicas, acometidos com moléstia de Dupuytren.  Foram utilizados artigos científicos das bases de dados eletrônicas:  PubMed, Medline e Scielo. Dos pacientes analisados com a técnica cirúrgica de McCash, todos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios com recuperação pós cirúrgicos entre 17 e 30 dias 2.  O método de FPC apresentou vantagem quando comparado a FP3, dado que é minimamente invasivo, possui menor índice de complicações e redução do tempo de recuperação. Por esse motivo, foi a primeira escolha para tratar casos de contratura considerados leves4. Em contrapartida, no período de 12 meses os pacientes submetidos a FP demonstraram menor déficit total de extensão passiva em relação aos submetidos a FPC. A técnica de McCash obteve resultados satisfatórios, principalmente, ao ser aplicada a pacientes com níveis de contratura mais graves. As técnicas de FP e FPC também demostram grande efetividade, porém a FPC leva vantagem por ser minimamente invasiva e de rápida recuperação. No entanto, mais estudos clínicos comparando as 3 abordagens cirúrgicas são necessários, bem como o estabelecimento de protocolos para indicação da técnica mais adequada.
ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF AIRCRAFT PROPELLERS
Authors: Gorshkov Evgeny E. , Zakemovskaya Evgeniya Yu. , Kalinin Aleksey G. , Malinin Artem I. , Matyunin Aleksei N. , Sidorov Mikhail Yu.
Published: July 2024

The problems of existing automatic control systems for aircraft propellers based on a stepper motor with a wave gearbox stem mainly from the features of the stepper motor. The proposed hybrid digital-mechanical converter is designed to increase the speed and accuracy of positioning, as well as to simplify the automatic propeller control system.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the automatic control system for aircraft propellers based on a hybrid digital-mechanical converter.

Materials and methods of research. A hybrid digital-mechanical converter was experimentally studied, which is a positioner controlled via a digital information exchange channel; the electromechanical part of the positioner includes a new type of the hybrid electric motor. Mathematical research was carried out by the method of finite element analysis using computer software.

Results. A hybrid digital-mechanical converter designed to ensure the interaction of electronic and hydromechanical parts of advanced automatic control systems for aircraft propellers is considered. The characteristics of a wave stepper motor and an electric motor of a hybrid digital-mechanical converter are compared. A brief description of the design is given, as well as the principles of accurate positioning and performance of this system are disclosed. The electromechanical parameters of the electric motor and the algorithm of its operation are described. The presented results provide sufficiently detailed information about the hybrid digital-mechanical converter for the control system of aircraft propellers.

Conclusions. The proposed technical solutions make it possible to implement an electromechanical converter of an ACS propeller with a given speed and positioning accuracy, making it as easy as possible to control. The solutions embedded in the design of the hybrid digital-mechanical converter provide control of the positioner via a standard digital information exchange channel, the required accuracy of positioning the output shaft at high speed, duplication of control channels and power supply of the electric motor, as well as monitoring the operability of each of the control channels. With specified weight and size characteristics, the electric motor of the hybrid digital-mechanical converter provides maximum force on the rod and high accuracy of movement of the working rod due to a two-stator design with spaced phase windings. The two-stator design with spaced windings makes it possible to facilitate thermal operation in single-channel operation by removing heat losses to both stators of electric motor.
ENSURING THE ACCURACY OF THE SYNCHROPHASOR MEASUREMENT IN THE P CLASS PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT
Authors: Fedotov Dmitriy A. , Bychkov Anatoly V. , Doni Nikolay A. , Dmitriev Oleg V.
Published: July 2024

In distributed relay protection and automation systems of power systems, the widespread use of P class phasor measurement unit is assumed. The accuracy of phasor measurements is affected by frequency variation of power system signals, the presence of multiple harmonics and the features of the electromechanical transient process. The necessary accuracy of phasor measurement in these conditions is provided by appropriate digital processing of electrical quantities. In this paper, theoretical and practical issues of digital signal processing based on the classical Fourier filter in a P class phasor measurement unit are considered.

The purpose of the work is to obtain an algorithm for processing the input signal in a P class phasor measurement unit based on the classical Fourier filter that provides the necessary measurement accuracy.

Materials and methods. When performing the work, the authors were guided by the regulatory documents. The methods of simulation modeling and mathematical simulation were used.

Results of the work. The main result of the study is an algorithm for processing the input signal for a P class phasor measurement unit based on the classical Fourier filter, which ensures the correct measurement of the synchrophasor in static and dynamic conditions.

The obtained algorithm for processing the input signal based on the classical Fourier filter can be used to create a P class phasor measurement unit.

The algorithm obtained for processing the input signal in a P-class phasor measurement unit can also be applied to create M class unit by increasing the filtering properties.

Conclusions. The algorithm for measurement phasor values based on the classical Fourier filter is presented. The operation of the method has been tested in static and dynamic conditions using simulation modeling and mathematical simulation, and the compliance of the method with the accuracy of measurement requirements of the phasor measurement unit of the P class was shown. The proposed algorithm can also be applied to M class phasor measurement unit by increasing the filtering properties.
ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION FOR DEPRECIATION OF FIXED ASSETS
Authors: Vasilyeva Tatyana Yu. , Maslova Anna V.
Published: July 2024

Optimization of accounting and tax registration by means of their maximum convergence and tax savings are, as a rule, the main goals of the organization, which places a priority on one of them. The choice of the method for accounting of fixed assets plays a significant role in their implementation. The purpose of the study is to establish the causes of tax differences when accounting for depreciation of fixed assets and to develop recommendations for the convergence of accounting and tax accounting and tax savings. Materials and methods. The main sources of information are laws and regulations governing accounting and tax accounting. The main methods used in the study are comparative and analytical ones. Results. Temporary tax differences are formed when income and expenses are recognized in both accounting and tax accounting, but in different time periods, which leads to a discrepancy in the calculated amounts of income tax. The difference arises due to differences in the methods for calculating depreciation, as well as due to depreciation premiums peculiar only to tax accounting and due to liquidation value peculiar to accounting, etc. The choice of the accounting method and the application of certain recommendations in the field of its optimization, developed in the paper, directly depends on the goals pursued by the organization. Some of them are aimed at reducing the complexity of accounting and tax accounting, and the others are at tax savings. Conclusions. The choice of a linear method for calculating depreciation, as well as the establishment of zero liquidation value and a cost criterion for recognizing property as a fixed asset, will allow us to achieve maximum convergence of accounting and tax accounting. At the same time, the use of a depreciation premium and a non-linear method of calculating depreciation will make it possible to achieve tax savings, which has a beneficial effect in conditions of inflation.
INDUSTRIAL MODERNIZATION IN THE PENZA REGION IN THE YEARS OF REFORM OF THE SOVIET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN 1957–1965
Authors: Sokolova Valentina I. , Koroleva Larisa A. , Lastochkin Vyacheslav B.
Published: July 2024

The relevance of the article lies in the fact that the state management experience in 1957-1965 can be useful and required by domestic enterprises in modern conditions. Most academic economists consider the late 1950s – early 1960s the most successful period in the development of the country’s industry in Soviet times. In this regard, an objective analysis of the industrial development of the Penza region, the peculiarities of the modernization of industry in the regional aspect are of significant interest, since they can help to develop an optimal solution to such problems in the current conditions.

The purpose of the paper is to study the history of the industrial development of the Penza region in 1957–1965, determine the most important factors for the development of the industrial potential of the region, characterize the production process and staffing of the region’s economy during the period under study, analyze the modernization process and identify the prospects for the development of the national economy.

Materials and methods. The paper made use of publications on industrial modernization in the Penza region of the RSFSR. Among them, of particular importance are the works by G.N. Belorybkin, O.A. Sukhova, O.V. Yagova, A.V. Tyustina, I.S. Shishkina, N.N. Kalutskova, M.D. Goryachko, V.I. Volchikhina, I.A. Kazakova and others. The authors of the paper applied the methods of historicism, objectivity, comprehensiveness in covering the issues of the problem under consideration. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors covered some events and facts previously unknown to the scientific community.

Study results. In May 1957, a law was adopted on the management of industry through the Councils of National Economy, which led to the creation of territorial governing bodies (except for electrical engineering, defense, aviation, shipbuilding, radio engineering and chemical industries) instead of branch ministries. Overall indicators of the country’s economic development in the late 1957 – early 1960s allow us to conclude that the foundations of industrial society in the USSR are being built. The late 1950s – early 1960s entered the history of modernization of the Penza region as a successful period of development of industry and transport in Soviet times.

Conclusions. Reorganization of the national economy of the country in the above mentioned period was aimed at improving the efficiency of the state’s governance system to guide the country forward on the road to modernization and achieving the level of developed economies in the world. However, they had only a temporary effect. The inconsistencies and contradictions of the transformations led to a gradual decrease in the growth of industrial production. Nevertheless, it was during this period that the Penza region turned into an industrial-agrarian region. A new city was built – “Penza-19” (now Zarechny city).
Methods of localization of public spaces in modern residential complexes
Authors: Samoilov Ivan I. ,   TsNIIP of Ministry of Construction of Russia
Published: July 2024

Several examples are used to illustrate the possibilities of the "irreversible localization" method, when shared use spaces are located in residential buildings so that they cannot be turned into housing, a penthouse or other commercial function in order to accelerate the payback of the residential complex. The real-life possibilities and limitations associated with the inclusion of workplaces, recreational facilities for all-season use such as winter gardens, and built-in low-capacity DOW are considered. Examples represent the most interesting layouts from the modern practice of Moscow, St. Petersburg and other major cities of Russia, as well as some residential complexes in other countries.
Vertical elements in architectural landscaping spaces
Authors: Dormidontova Victoria V. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Mytishchi branch), Trofimova Ekaterina A. , Ignatyeva Sofia D. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Mytishchi branch),   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Mytishchi branch)
Published: July 2024

The complex urban setting surrounds a person with different-scale and different-sized volumes and spaces, which form a human environment, friendly and comfortable or antagonistic and uncomfortable. The most important means of harmonizing the environment is scale – the proportionality of forms to space and people. The achievement of proportionality is facilitated by horizontal and vertical divisions of forms and spaces. Unlike horizontal ones, vertical divisions of spatial architectural and landscape compositions have the ability to dominate in our visual field, rendering them more influential. Using examples from international landscape architecture, such as Grand Canal Square (Ireland), Hashomrim Park (Israel), Solhagaparken (Sweden), Vilnius Plaza (Lithuania), and Zigong Dongxingsi (China), we studied the influence of vertical elements on the visual perception of architectural landscaping spaces and identified their possible functional and aesthetic functions.
Conceptual design in a master degree course
Authors: Gushchin Alexander N. ,   Ural State University of Architecture and Art, Divakova Marina N. ,   Ural State University of Architecture and Art
Published: July 2024

The article discusses a methodology of conceptual design intended for students Architectural and Landscape Design students. The methodology combines analysis of interactions between design and research, which are opposite in many ways. Conceptual design is a connecting link between them. On the one hand, conceptual design is free from some limitations inherent in regulated design practice. On the other hand, conceptual design becomes a research hypothesis that requires proof. This point of view has been verified in the Master degree course.
Prospects for interaction between architectural schools at the stage of basic professional skills development
Authors: Ignatova Alexandra P. ,   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering,   Moscow Architectural Institute
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the potential for interaction between higher architectural schools at the initial stage of basic course teaching and learning using as an example voluntary association, and demonstrate the importance of consolidating creative efforts to improve the quality of architectural education, identify the main areas of focus, activities, and objectives of such association, and raise the awareness of the professional architectural community and society as a whole on issues in higher architectural education.
The loss and return of national traditions in the modernization of Сhinese architecture
Authors: Zhang Yimeng ,   North China Water Resources and Hydropower University (NCWU), Korotich Andrey V. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: July 2024

This article examines the discontinuities in and revivals of national architectural traditions in the modernization process, following the introduction of modernist architectural theories and methods in China in the early 20th century. Through detailed introductions and analyses of multiple architectural cases, the paper articulates the exploratory journey of local and diasporic Chinese architects in integrating national identity with modernity. It also discusses the temporal limitations of integration designs in earlier phases. In the new era of global sustainable development, traditional Chinese architecture aligns closely with contemporary concepts of ecology, resilience, and low-carbon design. The intrinsic natural philosophy and green construction techniques of traditional Chinese architecture hold trans-era value.