bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A self-assembling graphene oxide coating for enhanced bactericidal and osteogenic properties of poly-ether-ether-ketone
Authors: Huang Run , Gu Yingjian , Yuan Yeju , Wang Yunxiao , Pan Yusong , Li Bo , Ren Geliang , Huang Lei , Xie Yinghai
Published: May 2024

Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a biomedical plastic that can be used for orthopedic implants, but it offers poor antibacterial properties and bioactivity. In this study, PEEK was sulfonated with the obtained porous structure adsorbing graphene oxide (GO). The surface microstructures and properties of the original PEEK, sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK), and GO-grafted PEEK (GO-SPEEK) were characterized. The results revealed that the GO-SPEEK surface is a 3D porous structure exhibiting superior hydrophilicity to the original PEEK. Although SPEEK was shown to possess antimicrobial properties against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the bactericidal effect was even more significant for GO-SPEEK, at about 86% and 94%, respectively. In addition, the in vitro simulated-body-fluid immersion and cell experiments indicated that GO-SPEEK had much better hydroxyapatite (HA)-precipitation induction capacity and cell–material interactions (e.g., cell adhesion, proliferation, osteodifferentiation, and extracellular matrix mineralization. The tensile test revealed that the mechanical properties of PEEK were maintained after surface modification, as GO-SPEEK has comparable values of elastic modulus and tensile strength to PEEK. Our investigation sought a method to simultaneously endow PEEK with both good antimicrobial properties and bioactivity as well as mechanical properties, providing a theoretical basis for developing high-performance orthopedic implants in the clinic.
Short-term wind power combination forecasting method based on wind speed correction of numerical weather prediction
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Liu Haiguang , Yu Guangzheng
Published: May 2024

The temporal variation of wind power is primarily influenced by wind speed, exhibiting high levels of randomness and fluctuation. The accuracy of short-term wind power forecasts is greatly affected by the quality of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) data. However, the prediction error of NWP is common, and posing challenges to the precision of wind power prediction. To address this issue, the paper proposes a NWP wind speed error correction model based on Residual Network-Gated Recurrent Unit (ResNet-GRU). The model corrects the forecasted wind speeds at different heights to provide reliable data foundation for subsequent predictions. Furthermore, in order to overcome the difficulty of selecting network parameters for the combined prediction model, we integrate the Kepler Optimization Algorithm (KOA) intelligent algorithm to achieve optimal parameter selection for the model. We propose a Convolutional Neural Network-Long and Short-Term Memory Network (CNN-LSTM) based on Attention Mechanism for short-term wind power prediction. Finally, the proposed methods are validated using data from a wind farm in northwest China, demonstrating their effectiveness in improving prediction accuracy and their practical value in engineering applications.
Catalyst or Obstacle? Green innovation and total factor energy efficiency
Authors: Liu Chennan , Wang Chao , Yang Shuwang , Wang Wenjuan , Zhao Lidong , Li Qiming
Published: May 2024

Green innovation possesses dual externalities of “innovation” and “environmental protection”, and enhancing energy efficiency serves as a crucial means to promote high-quality economic development. Building upon the energy rebound effect, we use the balanced panel data of cities at prefecture level and above in China from 2008 to 2018 to explore the impact of urban green innovation on total factor energy efficiency (TFEE). The findings of this study indicate that, firstly, the impact of green innovation on TFEE exhibits a positive U-shaped pattern, characterized by initial suppression followed by subsequent promotion. This conclusion remains robust after undergoing a series of rigorous robustness tests. Second, high-quality green innovation is found to reach the turning point more quickly, implying that substantial green innovation can cross the turning point in smaller quantities. Thirdly, on the whole, in comparison to non-resource-based cities, resource-based cities are capable of reaching the turning point at an earlier stage. Finally, the new energy demonstration cities have not yet reached the turning point, while the non-new energy demonstration cities have crossed the turning point. This study contributes novel insights into the relationship between green innovation and TFEE, which holds significant implications for the formulation and implementation of sustainable development policies.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence and severity of myasthenia gravis in Korea: using National Health Insurance Service database
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Lee Eun Kyoung , Kim Hasung , Kim Hoseob , Sohn Eunhee
Published: May 2024

Background

This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence and severity of myasthenia gravis (MG) using the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database in Korea.

Methods

We analyzed data from patients with MG in the NHIS registry from 2015 to 2021. MG was defined as (1) patients aged ≥18 years with the G70.0 code, and (2) patients who visited tertiary hospitals regarldless of department in Korea (outpatient clinics at least twice or hospitalization at least once), and (3) patients who were prescribed pyridostigmine as MG medications at least once. We designated pre-COVID-19 as 2019 and post-COVID-19 as 2021 and analyzed the MG incidence and prevalence in 2019 and 2021. We compared the clinical data of patients with MG between the two years. MG exacerbation was defined as the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange. Analysis of COVID-19 cases was conducted using an integrated database from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and NHIS. Patients with MG were divided into two groups according to COVID-19 status to compare their clinical characteristics.

Results

A total of 6,888 and 7,439 MG cases were identified in 2019 and 2021, respectively. The standardized incidence was 1.56/100,000 in 2019, decreasing to 1.21/100,000 in 2021. Although the frequency of MG exacerbations was higher in 2019, there were no differences in the number and duration of hospitalizations, duration of ICU stays, hostalization expense, and mortality between 2019 and 2021. Patients with MG and COVID-19 had a higher frequency of MG exacerbations than patients without COVID-19, but there were no differences in the number and duration of hospitalizations, hospitalization expense, and mortality.

Conclusion

This study was the first nationwide population-based epidemiological study of MG during COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. The incidence of MG decreased during COVID-19 pandemic, and the severity of MG was not affected by COVID-19.
Characterization of pain-related behaviors in a rat model of acute-to-chronic low back pain: single vs. multi-level disc injury
Authors: Barbe Mary F. , Chen Frank Liu , Loomis Regina H. , Harris Michele Y. , Kim Brandon M. , Xie Kevin , Hilliard Brendan A. , McGonagle Elizabeth R. , Bailey Taylor D. , Gares Ryan P. , Van Der Bas Megan , Kalicharan Betsy A. , Holt-Bright Lewis , Stone Laura S. , Hodges Paul W. , Klyne David M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Low back pain is the most common type of chronic pain. We examined pain-related behaviors across 18 weeks in rats that received injury to one or two lumbar intervertebral discs (IVD) to determine if multi-level disc injuries enhance/prolong pain.

Methods

Twenty-three Sprague-Dawley adult female rats were used: 8 received disc puncture (DP) of one lumbar IVD (L5/6, DP-1); 8 received DP of two lumbar IVDs (L4/5 & L5/6, DP-2); 8 underwent sham surgery.

Results

DP-2 rats showed local (low back) sensitivity to pressure at 6- and 12-weeks post-injury, and remote sensitivity to pressure (upper thighs) at 12- and 18-weeks and touch (hind paws) at 6, 12 and 18-weeks. DP-1 rats showed local and remote pressure sensitivity at 12-weeks only (and no tactile sensitivity), relative to Sham DP rats. Both DP groups showed reduced distance traveled during gait testing over multiple weeks, compared to pre-injury; only DP-2 rats showed reduced distance relative to Sham DP rats at 12-weeks. DP-2 rats displayed reduced positive interactions with a novel adult female rat at 3-weeks and hesitation and freezing during gait assays from 6-weeks onwards. At study end (18-weeks), radiological and histological analyses revealed reduced disc height and degeneration of punctured IVDs. Serum BDNF and TNFα levels were higher at 18-weeks in DP-2 rats, relative to Sham DP rats, and levels correlated positively with remote sensitivity in hind paws (tactile) and thighs (pressure).

Discussion

Thus, multi-level disc injuries resulted in earlier, prolonged and greater discomfort locally and remotely, than single-level disc injury. BDNF and TNFα may have contributing roles.
Shortage of plasma-derived medicinal products: what is next? narrative literature review on its causes and counteracting policies in Italy
Authors: Bolcato Matteo , Jommi Claudio
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This paper describes the peculiarities of the plasma-derived medicinal product (PDMP) market and illustrates the results of a review of the literature on policies aimed at counteracting the shortage of PDMPs.

Characteristics of PDMPs: Plasma is primarily used for the industrial production of blood products (80%). The demand for PDMPs, particularly immunoglobulins (IGs), is increasing. However, the production of PDMPs is complex, long (7–12 months), and expensive, accounting, according to US estimates, for 57% of the total costs of PDMPs compared to 14% for small molecules.

PDMP market: Unexpected increases in clinical need cannot be addressed in the short term. Once the demand for some diseases is satisfied, the collection and fractionation of plasma will only be used to supply some specific patients. Hence, the full weight of the marginal costs, which remain constant, are borne by a few products. According to last liter economics, the industry stops producing when the marginal revenue equals the marginal cost, thereby reducing the convenience of producing the most commonly used PDMPs (albumin and IG). The imbalance between the demand and supply of PDMPs was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which further increased the cost of plasma collection.

Shortage issue and possible solutions: Policies to counteract this imbalance have also been discussed. If the demand is inappropriate, it should be reduced. If the demand is appropriate and supply cannot be increased, the demand should be prioritized for patients for whom PDMPs are the only available treatment. If the shortage depends on insufficient supply and technical and allocative efficiency, both production and supply should be improved, together with incentives for all stakeholders involved in the PDMP market to increase the sustainability of production/supply. The paper is focused on this second issue, that is supply-driven unbalance.
Anthelminthic and antimicrobial effects of hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica L.) growing in Southern Kazakhstan
Authors: Mukhamedsadykova Aigerim Z. , Kasela Martyna , Kozhanova Kaldanay K. , Sakipova Zuriyadda B. , Kukuła-Koch Wirginia , Józefczyk Aleksandra , Świątek Łukasz , Rajtar Barbara , Iwan Magdalena , Kołodziej Przemysław , Ludwiczuk Agnieszka , Kadyrbayeva Gulnara M. , Kuntubek Gulnur N. , Mamatova Aliya S. , Bogucka-Kocka Anna , Malm Anna
Published: May 2024

The Stachys L. genus has been widely used in traditional medicine in many countries throughout the world. The study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and bioactivity of the hydroethanolic extract (50% v/v) obtained by ultrasonication from the aerial flowering parts of Stachys sylvatica L. (SSE) collected in Almaty region (Southern Kazakhstan). According to RP-HPLC/PDA analysis the leading metabolites of the SSE belonged to polyphenols: chlorogenic acid and its isomers (2.34 mg/g dry extract) and luteolin derivatives (1.49 mg/g dry extract), while HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS-based qualitative fingerprinting revealed the presence of 17 metabolites, mainly chlorogenic acid and its isomers, flavonoid glycosides, and verbascoside with its derivatives. GC-MS analysis of the volatile metabolites showed mainly the presence of diterpenoids and fatty acid esters. A reduction in the viability of nematodes Rhabditis sp. was obtained for the SSE concentration of 3.3 mg/mL, while 11.1 mg/mL showed activity comparable to albendazole. The SSE exhibited higher activity against Gram-positive (MIC = 0.5–2 mg/mL) than Gram-negative bacteria and yeast (MIC = 8 mg/mL), exerting bactericidal and fungicidal effects but with no sporicidal activity. The SSE showed some antiviral activity against HCoV-229E replicating in MRC-5 and good protection against the cytopathic effect induced by HHV-1 in VERO. The SSE was moderately cytotoxic towards human cervical adenocarcinoma (H1HeLa) cells (CC50 of 0.127 mg/mL after 72 h). This study provides novel information on the SSE extract composition and its biological activity, especially in the context of the SSE as a promising candidate for further antiparasitic studies.
Mechanism and clinical progression of solid tumors bone marrow metastasis
Authors: Yang Ruohan , Jia Lin , Cui Jiuwei
Published: May 2024

The rich blood supply of the bone marrow provides favorable conditions for tumor cell proliferation and growth. In the disease’s early stages, circulating tumor cells can escape to the bone marrow and form imperceptible micro metastases. These tumor cells may be reactivated to regain the ability to grow aggressively and eventually develop into visible metastases. Symptomatic bone marrow metastases with abnormal hematopoiesis solid tumor metastases are rare and have poor prognoses. Treatment options are carefully chosen because of the suppression of bone marrow function. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms involved in developing bone marrow metastases from tumor cells and the clinical features, treatment options, and prognosis of patients with symptomatic bone marrow metastases from different solid tumors reported in the literature.
Mg-ZIF nanozymes disrupt the level of ROS for osteosarcoma killing via POD activity
Authors: Zheng Junjie , Zhuo Shiqiang , Huang Lin , Wang Jinying , Huang Gaofeng
Published: May 2024

Osteosarcoma (OS) is notorious for its high malignancy, and conventional chemotherapy drugs, while killing tumor cells, often inflict significant harm on the patient’s body. The tumor microenvironment of OS is characterized by high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Leveraging this feature, we have developed Mg-ZIF nanoparticles, which incorporate magnesium (Mg) to confer robust peroxidase (POD)-like enzymatic activity. These Mg-ZIF nanozymes can generate highly lethal superoxide anions within tumor cells in a responsive manner, thereby achieving effective tumor destruction. Both in vitro and in situ OS models have corroborated the anti-tumor efficacy of Mg-ZIF nanozymes, while also validating their biosafety. The design of Mg-ZIF nanozymes opens a new avenue for the treatment of OS, offering a promising therapeutic strategy.
A game study on the impact of employees’ deviant innovation behaviors on firms’ organizational innovation performance
Authors: Zheng Han , Lu Jie , Chen Yanxia , Gu Yingying , Zheng Zixin
Published: May 2024

Organizational innovation performance is considered to be the key to maintaining competitiveness and achieving sustainable development in modern enterprises. Deviant innovation refers to that employees improve their working methods without the permission of the organization, break through the constraints of existing rules and achieve high performance. Additionally, Deviant innovation behavior can also stimulate the enthusiasm of other members of the organization. In order to study the evolutionary game rules of strategic interaction between enterprises and employees in the process of deviant innovation, this paper constructs a 2*2 asymmetric payoff matrix, and uses numerical simulation to show the influence of different values of decision parameters and changes of initial conditions on the evolutionary results. The research reveals that the interaction game between employees’ deviant innovation behavior and enterprise enhancement of organizational innovation performance is a complex and significant topic. It is found that when enterprises actively improve organizational innovation performance and employees implement deviant innovation behavior, both sides engage in positive game interactions, maximizing enterprise benefits. However, when enterprises passively enhance organizational innovation performance but employees engage in deviant innovation behavior, it may lead to conflicts between the two parties. The research findings provide relevant strategies for employees to correctly implement deviant innovation behavior and for enterprises to enhance organizational innovation performance.
Assessing plasma activated water irrigation effects on tomato seedlings
Authors: Aceto Domenico , Rotondo Palma Rosa , Porfido Carlo , Bottiglione Benedetta , Paciolla Costantino , Terzano Roberto , Minafra Angelantonio , Ambrico Marianna , Dilecce Giorgio , Leoni Beniamino , De Miccolis Angelini Rita Milvia , Ambrico Paolo Francesco
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The study investigates the potential of Plasma Activated Water (PAW) as an innovative irrigation medium to enhance growth and defense responses in tomato seedlings. It explores PAW’s utility in both healthy seedlings and those inoculated with Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV).

Methods: PAW, produced through a dielectric barrier volume discharge, serves as a chemical-free alternative to traditional fertilizers. Tomato seedlings were irrigated with PAW or control solutions. The study employs biometric measurements to assess growth and biochemical analysis to evaluate antioxidant levels and pigments. Gene expression analysis was conducted to evaluate the plant response, while the distribution of macro and micronutrients was assessed through micro X-ray fluorescence.

Results and discussion: Results indicate that PAW-irrigated seedlings exhibit significant growth enhancement compared to those receiving conventional fertilization. Increased levels of antioxidant molecules and pigments suggest improved photosynthetic activity and stress tolerance. Gene expression analysis shows up-regulation of defense genes in PAW-treated plants post-viral infection. The up-regulation of defense genes and the restoration of mineral nutrient distribution in PAW-treated, virus-infected plants highlight PAW’s role in enhancing plant resilience against pathogens and mitigating nutrient deficiencies. These findings emphasize PAW’s potential as a sustainable agricultural solution, promoting plant growth, enhancing defense mechanisms, and reducing biotic stress due to virus infections.
Cultural concepts of distress among Albanian young adults living in Switzerland - a qualitative study
Authors: Pnishi Imer , Shala Mirëlinda , Morina Naser , Maercker Andreas , Heim Eva
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Existing research recognizes the critical role that social, sociodemographic, and acculturative processes play in increasing vulnerability for experiencing psychological distress among second-generation migrants. However, to date, far too little attention has been given to the study of psychological distress in this social group. The main objective of this study is to examine cultural identities, as well as expressions and causes of psychological distress among second-generation Albanian-speaking migrants in Switzerland.

Methods

Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 Albanian-speaking participants between 19 and 35 years of age using the interview of the Barts Explanatory Model Inventory. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis using MAXQDA-2018 software.

Findings

Study participants showed bicultural identities, which caused value conflicts and a feeling of being “caught” between Swiss and Albanian culture. Some participants experienced the fear of disappointing their parents. Others find it difficult to deal with conflicting norms and values. Parentification was another important cause within their cultural concept of distress. At the same time, (implicit) social support, i.e., spending time with the family and the community, was an important coping mechanism.

Conclusion

Second-generation immigrants are exposed to specific risk factors for psychological distress. A better understanding of these risk factors and their coping mechanisms is essential for providing them with meaningful support services, both in prevention and psychotherapy.
Artistic sports activities effectiveness for enhancing students’ academic performance among left-behind children: mediating effects of loneliness
Authors: Zhou Yutao , Ferraro Francesco Vincenzo , Fan Chengwen
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Numerous studies within the school and academic contexts have underscored the profound impact of psychometric variables such as academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and loneliness on academic achievement among children. Although physical activities and dance practices are known to bolster academic self-efficacy and enhance academic outcomes, the effect of Artistic Sports Activities on these psychological determinants among left-behind children (LBC) in rural schools remains underexplored.

Method

This study was conducted from September 2020 to January 2022 among 405 LBCs aged 9 to 13 from six randomly selected primary schools in Hunan Province, China. Schools were chosen in collaboration with the Hunan Women and Children’s Federation, ensuring informed consent through stakeholder informational sessions. The study employed rigorous sampling and data analysis methods, including the Shapiro–Wilk test for normal distribution and Cronbach’s alpha for reliability, alongside Pearson correlation, independent and paired t-tests, and multiple linear regression analyses to investigate the effects of Artistic Sports Activities on psychometric variables and academic performance among LBCs. Data collection involved standardized questionnaires assessing academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and loneliness before and after intervention.

Results

Findings indicate that Artistic Sports Activities significantly improved academic self-efficacy and self-esteem and reduced loneliness, leading to enhanced academic performance. Notably, loneliness was identified as mediating the relationship between academic self-efficacy and self-esteem among LBCs.

Discussion

The findings highlight the critical role of integrating Artistic Sports Activities in educational frameworks to bolster psychological and academic outcomes for LBCs. The study reveals the intricate interplay between loneliness, self-esteem, and academic self-efficacy, underscoring the necessity for targeted educational interventions.
Amelioration of age-related cognitive decline and anxiety in mice by Centella asiatica extract varies by sex, dose and mode of administration
Authors: Gray Nora E. , Hack Wyatt , Brandes Mikah S. , Zweig Jonathan A. , Yang Liping , Marney Luke , Choi Jaewoo , Magana Armando Alcazar , Cerruti Natasha , McFerrin Janis , Koike Seiji , Nguyen Thuan , Raber Jacob , Quinn Joseph F. , Maier Claudia S. , Soumyanath Amala
Published: May 2024

Background: A water extract (CAW) of the Ayurvedic plant Centella asiatica administered in drinking water has been shown to improve cognitive deficits in mouse models of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Here the effects of CAW administered in drinking water or the diet on cognition, measures of anxiety and depression-like behavior in healthy aged mice are compared.

Methods: Three- and eighteen-month-old male and female C57BL6 mice were administered rodent AIN-93M diet containing CAW (0, 0.2, 0.5 or 1% w/w) to provide 0, 200 mg/kg/d, 500 mg/kg/d or 1,000 mg/kg/d CAW for a total of 5 weeks. An additional group of eighteen-month-old mice were treated with CAW (10 mg/mL) in their drinking water CAW for a total of 5 weeks to deliver the same exposure of CAW as the highest dietary dose (1,000 mg/kg/d). CAW doses delivered were calculated based on food and water consumption measured in previous experiments. In the fourth and fifth weeks, mice underwent behavioral testing of cognition, anxiety and depression (n = 12 of each sex per treatment group in each test).

Results: Aged mice of both sexes showed cognitive deficits relative to young mice while only female aged mice showed increased anxiety compared to the young female mice and no differences in depression were observed between the different ages. CAW (1,000 mg/kg/d) in the drinking water improved deficits in aged mice in learning, executive function and recognition memory in both sexes and attenuated the increased measures of anxiety observed in the aged female mice. However, CAW in the diet only improved executive function in aged mice at the highest dose (1,000 mg/kg/d) in both sexes and did so less robustly than when given in the water. There were no effects of CAW on depression-like behavior in aged animals regardless of whether it was administered in the diet or the water.

Conclusions: These results suggest that CAW can ameliorate age-related changes in measures of anxiety and cognition and that the mode of administration is important for the effects of CAW on resilience to these age-related changes.
IoT and machine learning approach for the determination of optimal freshwater replenishment rate in aquaponics system
Authors: Chandramenon Praveen , Gascoyne Andrew , Tchuenbou-Magaia Fideline
Published: May 2024

Conventional aquaponics conserve water used in aquaponics whereas the literature suggests a certain level of freshwater replenishment or freshwater exchange for good water quality, fish and plant wellbeing, and the overall productivity of the system. This paper deals with the determination of an optimal freshwater replenishment rate for a standard aquaponics system. IoT devices and sensors were used for this project data collection. This paper used linear regressions and ensemble methods to determine the optimal rate of periodic water replenishment to maintain the water quality parameters that determine the yield and productivity of aquaponics systems. Cubic spline and Lagrange interpolation were applied to raw and simulated data. Results were evaluated and compared using statistical error estimation approaches. The best model amongst the investigated machine learning models was gradient boost with an optimal replenishment rate of 19L per week and a water quality of 4.86 for an aquaponic tank of 100 L capacity. The error estimations were a Mean Squared Error of 0.0224, Mean Absolute Error of 0.1137, Root Mean Squared Error of 0.1499, and R2 of 0.7208. This was within 1% of the value obtained from raw and interpolated data using a polynomial regression. These findings suggest that the water quality of an aquaponics system can be maintained at the desired optimal level with a weekly 19% water replenishment, thereby contributing to the improvement of productivity and resource efficiency.
A comprehensive review of Microfluidic approaches in cell-free synthetic biology
Authors: Baranwal Amogh Kumar , Maerkl Sebastian J.
Published: May 2024

Cell-free synthetic biology has gained increasing popularity owing to its ability to elucidate biological functions in isolation from intricate cellular environments and the capacity to build increasingly complex biochemical systems in vitro. But cell-free transcription—translation systems are often only available in small volumes which has been a major challenge in the field. Microfluidic technologies helped address this challenge by enabling miniaturization and implementation of robust multi-step workflows. In this review, we highlight microfluidic technologies which have been applied to cell-free applications and discuss various ways in which they have advanced the boundaries of cell-free synthetic biology.
The Role of Expectation Management in Value Creation: A Case Study on Municipal Managers’ Experiences with Offering Supported Housing
Authors: Ulvin Kim , Tingvold Laila , Aase Karina , Magnussen Siv Fladsrud
Published: May 2024

Theoretically rooted in public service logic (PSL), this article explores managers’ experiences constructing value propositions and facilitating the value creation process in a public sector environment. It reports on a qualitative study from a Norwegian municipal setting based on individual and focus group interviews supported by participant observations and relevant documents. The data were analyzed according to the guidelines of stepwise-deductive inductive analysis (SDI). The findings substantiate changes in the utilized supported housing forms and highlight urgency’s pervasive effect on transition processes to supported housing for individuals with intellectual disabilities and the need for around-the-clock support. This study contributes to public management research by examining the process of constructing value propositions and the managers’ efforts to contribute to the formation of more realistic expectations towards the municipality’s scope and level of service among prospective service users and their families. The article contributes to the PSL discourse by providing the complementary concept of expectation–reality mitigation as a particular form of expectation management suited for the complexities and constraints of value creation in public service settings.
Wind Shear Operation-Based Competency Assessment Model for Civil Aviation Pilots
Authors: Li Fan , Xu Xuezhi , Li Jiayuan , Hu Huiyun , Zhao Mingda , Sun Hong
Published: May 2024

Undesirable meteorological conditions are typical aviation flight safety threats. Although most meteorological radar and flight augmentation computers have avionic system wind shear alarms, the preferred approach is that pilots avoid unsafe wind shear events. Therefore, effective pilot competency evaluations are needed to assess pilots’ abilities to deal with these events. This study developed a wind shear operation competency model that includes observable behavior indicators, sub-task decomposition, and competency check items. An adapted competency model and a quantitative data-driven competency evaluation criteria optimization method were then developed using three-dimensional competency feature modeling, after which wind shear simulation flight training data were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The competency assessment grades were significantly correlated with the results from experienced examiners with a 93.33% evaluation accuracy. The proposed quantitative data-driven competency assessment method can provide effective pilot competency assessments for a range of aviation meteorological threats.
A Novel Explicit Canonical Dynamic Modeling Method for Multi-Rigid-Body Mechanisms Considering Joint Friction
Authors: Guo Zhenhao , Ju Hehua , Wang Kaimeng
Published: May 2024

Friction is an inevitable phenomenon in mechanical systems that affects the dynamic characteristics of systems. To reduce the modeling complexity of complex multi-rigid-body mechanisms, a novel explicit canonical dynamic modeling method considering joint friction is proposed. Based on the explicit dynamic modeling theory that we have proposed, the solution of the constraint force required by the joint friction modeling of multi-rigid-body mechanisms is derived and improved, which greatly simplifies the solution of the constraint force. According to the obtained explicit expression of the constraint force equations, two joint friction models of the Coulomb–viscous effect and Stribeck effect are derived in analytical form. Moreover, the Stribeck effect of the joint is experimentally analyzed. A five-axis tree-chain mechanism and a three-loop closed-chain mechanism are chosen to demonstrate the method and compared with ADAMS software. Moreover, the proposed model is analyzed and compared with other methods.
Genetic Diversity Assessment of Cupressus gigantea W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Technique
Authors: Ji Ximei , Jiang Yaxuan , Li Jianxin , Lei Pei , Meng Fanjuan
Published: May 2024

Cupressus gigantea W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu is an endemic conifer tree species that is distributed widely along the northern portion of the deep gorge of the Yarlung Tsangbo River on the Tibetan Plateau. However, as a key plant species growing on the Tibetan plateau, C. gigantea has since become an endangered species due to habitat loss and degradation, overexploitation, and other factors. It has been listed as a first-grade national protected wild plant species in China. Accordingly, to conserve this plant species, we should obtain more information on its genetic structure. In this study, the genetic diversity and structure among 67 samples were evaluated by the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique. Overall, 78 bands were produced with a molecular length of 200 bp to 3100 bp using 10 ISSR primers. The mean values for the average number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity (H), and Shannon’s information index (I) were 1.529, 1.348, 0.199, and 0.293, respectively. Additionally, the number of polymorphic loci (NPLs) and percentage of polymorphic loci (PPLs) averaged 41.25 and 52.90, respectively. Further, total variation among populations was 14.2%, while that within populations was 85.8%; accordingly, the within-population genetic differentiation was found to be significant (p < 0.001). These results demonstrated that a genetic structure model with K = 3 fitted the data best, which agreed with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster and the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). These findings are beneficial for ensuring the development and genetic protection of C. gigantea populations in the future.
Nitric Acid Rain Decreases Soil Bacterial Diversity and Alters Bacterial Community Structure in Farmland Soils
Authors: Chen Xuan , Wang Yiming , Wei Hui , Zhang Jiaen
Published: May 2024

Being regarded as one of the environmental problems endangering biodiversity and ecosystem health, acid rain has attracted wide attention. Here, we studied the effects of nitric acid rain (NAR) on the structure and diversity of microbial communities in agricultural soils by laboratory incubation experiments and greenhouse experiments. Our results indicated that NAR had an inhibitory effect on soil microorganisms, showing a significant reduction in the Chao1 index and Shannon index of soil bacteria. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla under NAR stress in this study. NAR significantly reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, but significantly increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi, suggesting that NAR was unfavorable to the survival of Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. It is worth noting that the inhibitory or promoting effect of NAR on the dominant bacterial phyla gradually increased with increasing NAR acidity and treatment time. In addition, the study observed that the change in soil pH caused by NAR was the main reason for the change in soil bacterial community structure. In summary, the effects of NAR on soil microorganisms cannot be underestimated from the perspective of sustainable agricultural development.
The Physiological Adjustments of Two Xerophytic Shrubs to Long-Term Summer Drought
Authors: Xu Mingze , Zha Tianshan , Tian Yun , Liu Peng , Bourque Charles P.-A. , Jia Xin , Li Cheng , Jin Chuan , Guo Zifan , Wei Xiaoshuai
Published: May 2024

Adaptive characteristics of plants, such as those associated with photosynthesis and resource use efficiency, are usually affected by synthesis costs and resource availability. The impact of extreme climate events such as long-term drought on plant physiological functions needs to be examined, particularly as it concerns the internal management of water and nitrogen (N) resources. In this study, we evaluated the resource management strategies for water and N by xerophytic shrubs, Artemisia ordosica and Salix psammophila, under extreme summer drought. This was carried out by comparing the plants’ physiological status during periods of wet and dry summer conditions in 2019 and 2021. Compared with the wet period, A. ordosica and S. psammophila both decreased their light-saturated net carbon (C) assimilation rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), leaf N content per leaf area (Narea), and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) during the summer drought. Whether in wet or dry summers, the gas-exchange parameters and PNUE of A. ordosica were generally greater than those associated with S. psammophila. The instantaneous water use efficiency (IWUE) response to drought varied with species. As a drought-tolerant species, the A. ordosica shrubs increased their IWUE during drought, whereas the S. psammophila shrubs (less drought-tolerant) decreased theirs. The divergent responses to drought by the two species were largely related to differences in the sensitivity of gs, and as a result, E. Compared with A. ordosica, S. psammophila’s inferior plasticity regarding gs response affected its ability to conserve water during drought. Our research illustrates the need for assessing plasticity in gs when addressing plant adaptation to long-term drought. A high dry-season IWUE in xerophytic shrubs can benefit the plants by augmenting their C gain.
Natural Contamination of Rice with Ustiloxins and the Connection with Climate Conditions in Southern China
Authors: Miao Xuexue , Miao Ying , Liu Yang , Tao Shuhua , Zheng Huabin , Kuang Na , Wang Jiemin , Tang Qiyuan
Published: May 2024

Mycotoxins often contaminate rice, which are the secondary metabolites of fungi. Ustiloxins, a type of mycotoxin that has often been overlooked, pose a significant risk to human health. Therefore, identifying and controlling the pollution of ustiloxins in rice is required. In this study, we examined the natural contamination of rice with ustiloxins and their link to climate conditions. A total of 300 paddy samples were collected from six regions in southern China, and concentrations of ustiloxins A, B, C, D, and F were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results showed that the occurrence of ustiloxins A, B, C, D, and F in paddies was found to be 55.7%, 41.3%, 29.0%, 93.7%, and 96.7%, respectively. Ustiloxin A had the highest mean (177.8 µg/kg) and maximum (3620.9 µg/kg) concentration, followed, in order, by ustiloxins C, B, D, and F. Furthermore, ustiloxin levels were significantly different depending on their origin, with the highest concentration in rice from Changde and Yueyang. And the regional difference in ustiloxins was related to the diversity of climate. A positive correlation between ustiloxin occurrence and mean humidity and precipitation was found in July and August of different regions, while mean temperature indicated a negative dependence. This is an essential survey of the contamination of rice with ustiloxins throughout southern China. The influence of climatic conditions on ustiloxins contamination was evaluated for the first time in our study. Overall, the rice samples examined in this study exhibited a high distribution of ustiloxins, suggesting that regulatory limits and the establishment of maximum allowable levels of ustiloxins in rice are necessary. This study provides a basis and guidance for the pollution situation and control strategy of ustiloxins in China.
An Interactive Feeder to Induce and Assess Emotions from Vocalisations of Chickens
Authors: Golfidis Antonis , Kriengwatana Buddhamas Pralle , Mounir Mina , Norton Tomas
Published: May 2024

Understanding the emotional states of animals is a long-standing research endeavour that has clear applications in animal welfare. Vocalisations are emerging as a promising way to assess both positive and negative emotional states. However, the vocal expression of emotions in birds is a relatively unexplored research area. The goal of this study was to develop an interactive feeding system that would elicit positive and negative emotional states, and collect recordings of the vocal expression of these emotions without human interference. In this paper, the mechatronic design and development of the feeder is described. Design choices were motivated by the desire for the hens to voluntarily interact with the feeder and experience the different stimuli that were designed to induce (1) positive low-arousal, (2) positive high-arousal, (3) negative low-arousal, and (4) negative high-arousal states. The results showed that hens were motivated to engage with the feeder despite the risk of receiving negative stimuli and that this motivation was sustained for at least 1 week. The potential of using the interactive feeder to analyse chicken vocalisations related to emotional valence and arousal is being explored, offering a novel proof of concept in animal welfare research. Preliminary findings suggest that hens vocalised in response to all four stimulus types, with the number of vocalisations, but not the probability of vocalising, distinguishing between low- and high-arousal states. Thus, the proposed animal–computer interaction design has potential to be used as an enrichment device and for future experiments on vocal emotions in birds.
Influences of a Supplemental Blend of Essential Oils Plus 25-Hydroxy-Vit-D3 and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride (β2 Agonist) on Growth Performance and Carcass Measures of Feedlot Lambs Finished under Conditions of High Ambient Temperature
Authors: Estrada-Angulo Alfredo , Verdugo-Insúa Moisés , Escobedo-Gallegos Lucía de G. , Castro-Pérez Beatriz I. , Urías-Estrada Jesús D. , Ponce-Barraza Elizama , Mendoza-Cortez Daniel , Ríos-Rincón Francisco G. , Monge-Navarro Francisco , Barreras Alberto , Zinn Richard A. , Corona-Gochi Luis , Plascencia Alejandro
Published: May 2024

Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin male intact lambs (25.12 ± 3.79 kg LW) were used in a 70-d growing-finishing trial. Dietary treatments consisted of total mixed corn-based diet supplemented with: (1) no feed additives (Control); (2) 150 mg of essential oils blend plus 0.10 mg of 25-hydroxy-Vit-D3/kg diet offered throughout the 70-d experimental period (EOD3); (3) Control diet fed during the first 35 days and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation at 6 mg/kg diet offered during the final 35 days of the experiment (32 days with ZH with a withdrawal 3-d before harvest), and (4) basal diet supplemented with EOD3 during first 35 days finishing, and EOD3 in combination with ZH (EOD3 + ZH) during the subsequent 32-days with ZH withdrawal 3 days before harvest. The temperature–humidity index during the experiment averaged 80.4 ± 3.2. There were no treatment interactions (p > 0.20) on growth performance and carcass measures. Supplemental EOD3 did not affect (p = 0.43) dry matter intake (DMI), but increased (p < 0.01) carcass adjusted average daily gain (ADG, 9.2%), gain efficiency (GF, 6.7%), and observed vs. expected dietary net energy for maintenance (NEm, 4.8%) and for gain (NEg, 6.4%). Supplemental ZH did not affect dry matter intake (DMI, p = 0.50) but increased (p < 0.01) carcass adjusted ADG (14.5%), GF (13%) and observed vs. expected dietary NEm (9%) and NEg (11.7%). Compared to control lambs, the combination of both additives increased ADG (24.9%), GF (21.2%), and observed vs. expected dietary NEm and NEg (14.2% and 18.9%, respectively). There were no treatment interactions on carcass characteristics, visceral organ mass, or on gene expression of IGF1, IGF2 and mTOR in longissimus muscle (LM). Supplemental EOD3 increased hot carcass weight (HCW; 4.0%, p < 0.01) but did not affect other carcass measures. Supplemental EOD3 decreased (3%, p = 0.03) intestine mass weight (g intestine/kg empty body weight). Supplemental ZH increased HCW (6%, p < 0.01), dressing percentage (1.7%, p = 0.04), and LM area (9.7%, p < 0.01), and decreased kidney-pelvic-fat percentage (16.2%, p < 0.01), fat thickness (14.7%, p = 0.03), and visceral fat. Compared to controls, the combination of EOD3 with ZH increased HCW (10.2%). It is concluded that growth performance responses to supplemental EOD3 and ZH are additive. Both supplements can be fed in combination without detrimental effects on expected benefits when fed separately. In addition, ZH supplementation improves carcass traits.
Exploring Flexural Strength Variation in Polymeric Materials for Provisional Fixed Prosthetic Structures: Comparative Analysis with and without Reinforcement through Laboratory Experimentation and Statistical Evaluation
Authors: Dimova-Gabrovska Mariana , Uzunov Todor , Gusiyska Angela , Shopova Dobromira , Taneva Iva , Gerdzhikov Ivan , Rangelov Stefan
Published: May 2024

Provisional fixed partial dentures represent a critical phase in dental treatment, necessitating heightened mechanical durability, particularly in comprehensive and extended treatment plans. Strengthening these structures with various reinforcing materials offers a method to enhance their resilience. Utilizing a three-point testing methodology on standardized trial specimens allows for a comparative assessment of various materials and reinforcement techniques for pre-prosthetic applications. This study aims to validate and assess the significance of integrating different reinforcing materials into standardized test bodies. The study focuses on test specimens comprising three types of unreinforced laboratory and clinical polymers for provisional constructions (n = 6)—heat-cured PMMA (Superpont C+B, Spofa Dental, Czech Republic), CAD-CAM prefabricated PMMA (DD temp MED, Dental Direkt, Germany), CAD-CAM printing resin (Temporary CB Resin, FormLabs, USA), self-polymerizing PEMA (DENTALON plus, Kulzer, Germany), light-polymerizing composite (Revotek LC, GC, Japan), and dual-polymerizing composite (TempSpan, Pentron, USA). Additionally, laboratory polymers are evaluated in groups with five types of reinforcing filaments (n = 15)—Glass Fiber (Fiber Splint One-Layer, Polydentia, Switzerland), Polyethylene thread (Ribbond Regular 4.0 mm, Ribbond Inc., USA), triple-stranded chrome-cobalt wire for splinting 015″ (Leone S.p.a., Italy), Aesthetic ligature wire 012″ (Leone S.p.a., Italy), and Glass Fiber coated with light-cured composite 8.5 × 0.2 mm (Interlig, Angelus, Brazil). Analysis of the data using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) reveals that the experimental bodies, produced via the subtractive digital method using PMMA (DD temp MED, Dental Direkt GmbH, Germany) as the polymer and glass filaments as the reinforcement, exhibit superior mechanical properties, particularly when pre-wetted with Interlig liquid composite (Angelus, Brazil).
Detecting Malicious Devices in IPSEC Traffic with IPv4 Steganography
Authors: Jekateryńczuk Gabriel , Jankowski Damian , Veyland René , Piotrowski Zbigniew
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the application of steganography for enhancing network security by detecting and promptly eliminating malicious packets to prevent flooding and consequent denial of service attacks while also identifying malicious equipment. The paper discusses foundational concepts such as the prisoner’s dilemma, covert channels, qualitative metrics, and existing steganography techniques in computer communications. An architecture was developed to assess the effectiveness of this solution, and experiments were conducted, with their results presented. This contribution leverages established steganographic principles and seamlessly integrates with widely adopted IPsec protocols, offering a solution to improve covert communication within computer networks.