bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning Rules for Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity Depend on Dendritic Synapse Location
Authors: Letzkus Johannes J. , Kampa Björn M. , Stuart Greg J.
Published: October 2006

Previous studies focusing on the temporal rules governing changes in synaptic strength during spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP) have paid little attention to the fact that synaptic inputs are distributed across complex dendritic trees. During STDP, propagation of action potentials (APs) back to the site of synaptic input is thought to trigger plasticity. However, in pyramidal neurons, backpropagation of single APs is decremental, whereas high-frequency bursts lead to generation of distal dendritic calcium spikes. This raises the question whether STDP learning rules depend on synapse location and firing mode. Here, we investigate this issue at synapses between layer 2/3 and layer 5 pyramidal neurons in somatosensory cortex. We find that low-frequency pairing of single APs at positive times leads to a distance-dependent shift to long-term depression (LTD) at distal inputs. At proximal sites, this LTD could be converted to long-term potentiation (LTP) by dendritic depolarizations suprathreshold for BAC-firing or by high-frequency AP bursts. During AP bursts, we observed a progressive, distance-dependent shift in the timing requirements for induction of LTP and LTD, such that distal synapses display novel timing rules: they potentiate when inputs are activated after burst onset (negative timing) but depress when activated before burst onset (positive timing). These findings could be explained by distance-dependent differences in the underlying dendritic voltage waveforms driving NMDA receptor activation during STDP induction. Our results suggest that synapse location within the dendritic tree is a crucial determinant of STDP, and that synapses undergo plasticity according to local rather than global learning rules.
p25/Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Induces Production and Intraneuronal Accumulation of Amyloid βIn Vivo
Authors: Cruz Jonathan C. , Kim Dohoon , Moy Lily Y. , Dobbin Matthew M. , Sun Xiaoyan , Bronson Roderick T. , Tsai Li-Huei
Published: October 2006

Aberrant processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the subsequent accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide has been widely established as a central event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. The sequential cleavage steps required for the generation of Aβ are well outlined; however, there is a relative dearth of knowledge pertaining to signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms that can modulate this process. Here, we demonstrate a novel role for p25/cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in regulating APP processing, Aβ peptide generation, and intraneuronal Aβ accumulation in inducible p25 transgenic and compound PD–APP transgenic mouse models that demonstrate deregulated Cdk5 activity and a neurodegenerative phenotype. Induction of p25 resulted in enhanced forebrain Aβ levels before any evidence of neuropathology in these mice. Intracellular Aβ accumulated in perinuclear regions and distended axons within the forebrains of these mice. Evidence for modulations in axonal transport or β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 protein levels and activity are presented as mechanisms that may account for the Aβ accumulation caused by p25/Cdk5 deregulation. Collectively, these findings delineate a novel pathological mechanism involving aberrant APP processing by p25/Cdk5 and have important implications in AD pathogenesis.
Assessment of the chemical quality of drinking water in Cambodia
Authors: Feldman Peter R. , Rosenboom Jan-Willem , Saray Mao , Samnang Chea , Navuth Peng , Iddings Steven
Published: October 2006

Most water supply programmes in Cambodia have focused on providing access to bacteriologically safe water, an approach which has led to an increasing reliance on ground water, especially in rural areas. However, there have been very few data collected on the chemical quality of the nation's drinking water sources, and few water supply programmes have the capacity to assess chemical quality. The study was designed to address this data gap by conducting a low-cost, rapid assessment of drinking water sources nationwide to determine whether there were any chemicals of concern in Cambodian water supply sources. Results of the assessment confirm that there are several parameters of health and aesthetic concern; dissolved arsenic is the most significant. Elevated arsenic levels (some exceeding 500 μg l-1) were detected in aquifers of moderate depth in several highly populated areas, confirming that further investigation of the occurrence of arsenic contamination in Cambodia is warranted. Other chemicals of health concern include nitrate, nitrite, fluoride and manganese. Additionally, many ground water sources are negatively impacted by parameters of aesthetic concern, such as iron, manganese, hardness and total dissolved solids. Elevated levels of these parameters have caused consumers to reject newly installed water supplies, often in favour of surface water sources that are bacteriologically unsafe.
Field scale quantification of microbial transport from bovine faeces under simulated rainfall events
Authors: Ferguson Christobel M. , Davies Cheryl M. , Kaucner Christine , Ashbolt Nicholas J. , Krogh Martin , Rodehutskors Jörg , Deere Daniel A.
Published: October 2006

The dispersion and transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Escherichia coli and PRD1 bacteriophage seeded into artificial bovine faecal pats was studied during simulated rainfall events. Experimental soil plots were divided in two, one sub-plot with bare soil and the other with natural vegetation. Simulated rainfall events of 55 mm.h-1 for 30 min were then applied to the soil plots. Each experimental treatment was performed in duplicate and consisted of three sequential artificial rainfall events (‘Runs’): a control run (no faecal pats); a fresh faecal pat run (fresh faecal pats); and an aged faecal pat run (one week aged faecal pats). Transportation efficiency increased with decreasing size of the microorganism studied; Cryptosporidium oocysts were the least mobile followed by E. coli and then PRD1 phage. Rainfall events mobilised 0.5 to 0.9% of the Cryptosporidium oocysts, 1.3‒1.4% of E. coli bacteria, and 0.03‒0.6% of PRD1 bacteriophages from the fresh faecal pats and transported them a distance of 10 m across the bare soil sub-plots. Subsequent rainfall events applied to aged faecal pats only mobilised 0.01‒0.06% of the original Cryptosporidium oocyst load, between 0.04 and 15% of the E. coli load and 0.0006‒0.06% of PRD1 bacteriophages, respectively.
Health risks in wastewater irrigation: Comparing estimates from quantitative microbial risk analyses and epidemiological studies
Authors: Mara D. D. , Sleigh P. A. , Blumenthal U. J. , Carr R. M.
Published: October 2006

The combination of standard quantitative microbial risk analysis (QMRA) techniques and 10,000-trial Monte Carlo risk simulations was used to estimate the human health risks associated with the use of wastewater for unrestricted and restricted crop irrigation. A risk of rotavirus infection of 10-2 per person per year (pppy) was used as the reference level of acceptable risk. Using the model scenario of involuntary soil ingestion for restricted irrigation, the risk of rotavirus infection is ~10-2 pppy when the wastewater contains ≤106Escherichia coli per 100 ml and when local agricultural practices are highly mechanised. For labour-intensive agriculture the risk of rotavirus infection is ~10-2 pppy when the wastewater contains ≤105E. coli per 100 ml; however, the wastewater quality should be ≤104E. coli per 100 ml when children under 15 are exposed. With the model scenario of lettuce consumption for unrestricted irrigation, the use of wastewaters containing ≤104E. coli per 100 ml results in a rotavirus infection risk of ~10-2 pppy; however, again based on epidemiological evidence from Mexico, the current WHO guideline level of ≤1,000 E. coli per 100 ml should be retained for root crops eaten raw.
Toward efficient sludge processing using novel rheological parameters: dynamic rheological testing
Authors: Ayol A. , Dentel S.K. , Filibeli A.
Published: October 2006

Materials known as complex fluids exhibit a transitional behaviour between their solid and liquid states. Sludges produced at different treatment stages of wastewater treatment are examples of these materials, since they exhibit solid behaviour within shorter time frames and liquid behaviour over longer durations. These sludges can also change from solid-like to liquid-like, or vice versa, when subjected to even a slight deformation; this stems from their complex makeup, which includes both particulate materials and polymeric gels, including both biopolymers and the synthetic polymers used in conditioning them. This paper focuses on two means of quantifying dynamic rheological test results: (1) the linear viscoelastic behaviour (LVE) of sludge samples, as measured by the strain sweep analysis storage (G′) and loss moduli (G″); and (2) the flow curve, which presents the relationship between the shear viscosity and shear rate and determines the yield stress values of samples using the strain sweep test mode. With these methods, sludges can be more accurately characterised, allowing better prediction of their behaviour in treatment and transport processes.
Using Ecosan sludge for crop production
Authors: Jimenez B. , Austin A. , Cloete E. , Phasha C.
Published: October 2006

This paper presents the microbial risks associated with the reuse of Ecosan sludge in agriculture. Sludge from KwaZulu Natal Province in South Africa with a helminth ova content of 30 HO/g TS, faecal coliforms of 106 CFU/g TS, faecal streptococci of 106 CFU/g TS and Salmonella spp. of 105 CFU/g TS was used for this purpose. Applying different rates of sludge to spinach and carrots resulted in an increase in bacterial and helminth ova counts in crops as the quantity of sludge increased. The helminth ova content in crops was always greater in leaves than in stems, with a content varying from 2 to 15 HO/g TS for spinach with sludge application rates of 0–37.5 ton/ha and from 2–8 HO/g TS for carrot crops with sludge application rates varying from 0–35 ton/ha. Nevertheless, viability in crops was 20–25%, reducing the risk of disease. Consequently, the development of an Ecosan sludge revalorisation standard is considered important. Some recommendations are made taking into account the characteristics of the sludge as well as conditions in rural areas.
Sludge production and management processes: case study in China
Authors: Lee D.J. , Spinosa L. , He P.J. , Chen T.B.
Published: October 2006

In 2010, the sewage sludge production rate will be 178,500 t dried solids (ds) for Beijing and 294,000 t-ds for Shanghai, respectively. Beijing adopts a centralized system to stabilize 78% of her sludge in three rural Stabilization Centres. Aerated composting technique will be used. Shanghai on the contrary decentralizes the management plan to treat the sludge on site. Diverse treatment trains, such as aerobic/anaerobic digestion, drying, incineration, and composting will be applied. Production rate, treatment plan, and the associated costs, energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission, and risk assessment for heavy metals and pathogens on human health were evaluated in this report for sludges yielded in Beijing and Shanghai, China.
Dewatered alum sludge: a potential adsorbent for phosphorus removal
Authors: Yang Y. , Tomlinson D. , Kennedy S. , Zhao Y.Q .
Published: October 2006

Alum sludge refers to the by-product from the processing of drinking water in water treatment works. In this study, groups of batch experiments were designed to identify the characteristics of dewatered alum sludge for phosphorus adsorption. Air-dried alum sludge (moisture content 10.2%), which was collected from a water treatment works in Dublin, was subjected to artificial P-rich wastewater adsorption tests using KH2PO4 as a model P source. Adsorption behaviours were investigated as a function of amount and particle size of alum sludge, pH of solution and adsorption time. The results have shown that pH plays a major role not only in the adsorption process but also in the adsorption capacity. With regard to adsorption capacity, this study reveals the Langmuir adsorption isotherm being the best fit with experimental data (R2=0.98–0.99). The maximum adsorption capacities range from 0.7 to 3.5 mg-P/g when the pH of the synthetic P solution was varied from 9.0 to 4.3, accordingly. The outcome of this study indicated that alum sludge is suitable for use as an adsorbent for removal of phosphate from wastewater.
Influence of the Organic Compounds on the Ecotoxicity in the Treatment of Foundry Sludge and Olive Mill Waste
Authors: Coz Alberto , Mantzavinos Dionisis , Karageorgos Petros , Kalogerakis Nikolas , Andrés Ana , Viguri Javier R. , Irabien Ángel
Published: October 2006

The study of the ecotoxicity in two industrial waste materials and the relationships with the organic parameters has been conducted. Foundry sludge and olive mill waste have been used as industrial waste materials with organic or mixed character. Stabilisation/solidification (S/S) and advanced oxidation (AOP) processes have been carried out in order to treat both foundry sludge and olive mill waste. Analysis of ecotoxicity, total organic carbon, COD and phenol index have been evaluated in the untreated waste and end‐products. The results of the treated samples allow obtaining the best formulations in both processes. The best formulations in the immobilisation process have been obtained with Portland cement and black carbon, activated carbon or foundry sand ashes. In the AOP process, ozone concentrations above 35 mg/l and reaction times equal to 120 minutes have been the optimal variables. The relationships between the organic parameters and the ecotoxicity of the samples have been studied in this paper. Furthermore, the global organic parameters have been studied in relation to the phenolic compounds. Lineal and logarithmic expressions have been obtained between the total organic carbon and phenol index and the ecotoxicity of the samples related to the organic parameters, respectively. Ecotoxicity of the samples with Vibrio fischeri is recommended as a very promising biotest for the study of the characterisation and the evaluation of the treatment of organic and mixed character waste and total organic carbon is recommended as global organic parameter in the treatment of foundry sludge.
Trigonocephaly in Muenke syndrome
Authors: van der Meulen Jacques , van den Ouweland Ans , Hoogeboom Jeannette
Published: October 2006

Saethre‐Chotzen syndrome is caused by mutations in the TWIST gene on chromosome 7p21.2. However, Muenke et al. [(1997); Am J Hum Genet 91: 555–564] described a new subgroup carrying the Pro250Arg mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 3 gene on chromosome 4p16. Uni or bicoronal synostosis appears to be the main clinical finding in both syndromes. We observed trigonocephaly as a new manifestation in Muenke syndrome. As a consequence we advise to routinely perform mutation analysis of the FGFR1, 2, and 3 genes in children with non‐syndromic trigonocephaly. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associated malformations in congenital diaphragmatic hernia cases in the last 15 years in a tertiary referral institute
Authors: Harmath Ágnes , Hajdú Júlia , Csaba Ákos , Hauzman Erik , Pete Barbara , Görbe Éva , Beke Anna , Papp Zoltán
Published: October 2006

This is a review of cases of perinatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with associated malformations with regard to time of diagnosis, side of hernia, associated malformations, and outcome. The authors analyzed the data of CDH cases with associated malformations from records of the I. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, between July 1, 1990 and June 30, 2005. The observed period was analyzed in two parts. The pre‐ and postnatal examinations verified CDH in 100 cases, 71% of which were associated with other malformations. In 52% (37/71) CDH was diagnosed before the 24th week of gestation. The rate of early diagnosed cases doubled in the second period. Ten percent (7/71) of cases were verified postnatally. Between 1990 and 1997, the percentage of right‐sided hernia was 6% (2/34) while in the second period it was 19% (7/37). The association with cardiovascular, chest, and craniofacial anomalies doubled in the second period, while association of central nervous system anomalies halved. Chromosome anomalies were verified in four cases. Pregnancy was terminated in 53% (34/64) and 13% (4/30) of newborn infants survived the perinatal period. Intrauterine or intrapartum death occurred in 8% (5/64) of cases. The prevalence of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and craniofacial anomalies doubled, while that of central nervous system malformations decreased. The prevalence of other associated malformations has not changed significantly between the two periods. The improvement of technical facilities and accumulated experience make it possible to identify a higher number of associated malformations before the 24th week of gestation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical cases of Angelman syndrome
Authors: Lawson‐Yuen Amy , Wu Bai‐Lin , Lip Va , Sahoo Trilochan , Kimonis Virginia
Published: October 2006

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a profound disorder notable for mental retardation and severe language deficits that results from lack of function of the maternally inherited copy of the UBE3A gene. Chromosome deletions of 15q11q13, paternal uniparental disomy (UPD), UBE3A gene mutations, and imprinting center defects are all commonly recognized mechanisms that disrupt the function of the maternal copy of the UBE3A gene. We report here two patients with different atypical etiologies of AS. The first patient is a 3‐year‐old boy with global developmental delay, severe speech deficits, seizures, and very happy disposition. Southern blot analysis for the maternal and paternal chromosome 15 methylation products showed a mosaic methylation pattern, suggesting an imprinting center defect. The second patient is a 4½‐year‐old boy with global developmental delay, no expressive language, microcephaly, seizures, and ataxic gait. Array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) demonstrated a loss in copy number for two overlapping clones encompassing the UBE3A gene, indicating a partial deletion within UBE3A. His mother, who was adopted, had an identical pattern, suggesting that her deletion was probably on her paternally imprinted allele. These patients illustrate the expanding spectrum of molecular findings in AS, reinforce the need to maintain suspicion when clinical features suggest AS but initial testing is normal, and show the power of CGH as a tool to uncover partial UBE3A deletions. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Daughter and her mildly affected father with Keipert syndrome
Authors: Dumic Miroslav , Kokic Durda Dovzak , Matic Toni , Potocki Kristina
Published: October 2006

A 10‐year‐old girl with characteristic features of Keipert syndrome (broad terminal phalanges, especially of the thumb and hallux, sensorineural deafness, unusual facial features, large head circumference, maxillary hypoplasia, hoarse voice) and her mildly affected father (broad terminal phalanges, especially of the thumb and hallux, large head circumference, maxillary hypoplasia, and hoarse voice) are presented. The girl is the first reported female with this rare syndrome to date, and the fact that she probably inherited the disease from her father suggests an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychopathology in the Lujan–Fryns syndrome: Report of two patients and review
Authors: Lerma‐Carrillo Ivan , Molina Juan D. , Cuevas‐Duran Teresa , Julve‐Correcher Carmen , Espejo‐Saavedra Juan M. , Andrade‐Rosa Cristina , Lopez‐Muñoz Francisco
Published: October 2006

We report on two new patients, the propositus and his maternal uncle, with Lujan–Fryns syndrome (LFS). One presented with mild mental retardation and both patient had Marfanoid habitus and similar craniofacial anomalies (they had a long and narrow face, small mandible, high‐arched palate, and hypernasal voice) as previously reported by Lujan et al. in 1984 and Fryns and Buttiens in 1987. One of our patients had agenesis of the corpus callosum as described by Lujan. The second patient had an ascending aortic aneurysm like the patient described by Wittine et al. 1999. Both patients showed similar behavior and psychiatric disorders. In addition, we reviewed the literature for the presence of psychopathology in LFS. After studying the 32 published cases and the 2 described in this article, we found that more than 90% of the patients present with some type of psychopathology, the most frequent being an autistic‐like disorder. In our opinion, the agenesis of the corpus callosum (complete or partial) and ascending aorta aneurysm are manifestations of LFS, and thus brain MRI and echocardiogram should be part of the routine evaluation. Additionally, the high prevalence of psychopathological alterations in these patients suggests the need for psychiatric evaluation at the time of diagnosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
X‐chromosome inactivation patterns in females with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Butler Merlin G. , Theodoro Mariana F. , Bittel Douglas C. , Kuipers Paul J. , Driscoll Daniel J. , Talebizadeh Zohreh
Published: October 2006

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of paternally expressed genes from the 15q11‐q13 region generally due to a paternally‐derived deletion of the 15q11‐q13 region or maternal disomy 15 (UPD). Maternal disomy 15 is usually caused by maternal meiosis I non‐disjunction associated with advanced maternal age and after fertilization with a normal sperm leading to trisomy 15, a lethal condition unless trisomy rescue occurs with loss of the paternal chromosome 15. To further characterize the pathogenesis of maternal disomy 15 process in PWS, the status of X‐chromosome inactivation was calculated to determine whether non‐random skewing of X‐inactivation is present indicating a small pool of early embryonic cells. We studied X‐chromosome inactivation in 25 females with PWS‐UPD, 35 with PWS‐deletion, and 50 controls (with similar means, medians, and age ranges) using the polymorphic androgen receptor (AR) gene assay. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.5, P = 0.01) was seen between X‐chromosome inactivation and age for only the UPD group. Furthermore, a significantly increased level (P = 0.02) of extreme X‐inactivation skewness (>90%) was detected in our PWS‐UPD group (24%) compared to controls (4%). This observation could indicate that trisomy 15 occurred at conceptus with trisomy rescue in early pregnancy leading to extreme skewness in several PWS‐UPD subjects. Extreme X‐inactivation skewness may also lead to additional risks for X‐linked recessive disorders in PWS females with UPD and extreme X‐chromosome skewness. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereospecific and Stereodivergent Construction of Tertiary and Quaternary Carbon Centers through Switchable Directed/Nondirected Allylic Substitution
Authors: Breit Bernhard , Demel Peter , Grauer Daniel , Studte Christopher
Published: October 2006

This study introduces the ortho‐diphenylphosphanylbenzoate (o‐DPPB)/o‐DPPB oxide system as a switchable directing/nondirecting leaving group in a copper‐mediated allylic substitution with Grignard and organozinc reagents. With this system, the regioselective, stereospecific, and stereodivergent construction of quaternary as well as tertiary carbon centers is possible in a reliable and predictable fashion. Starting from one substrate enantiomer, both optical antipodes of the substitution products are readily available. Hence, this methodology features reversed polarity in comparison to established enolate alkylation chemistry and may be an interesting alternative, particularly for the construction of quaternary stereogenic carbon centers.
Comparative Theoretical Study of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and Other Ligands Bound to AuI
Authors: Pyykkö Pekka , Runeberg Nino
Published: October 2006

The bonding strength of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands to a neutral AuCl test moiety are compared to that of several phosphanes and other ligands. Of the ligands studied, the NHCs clearly form the strongest bonds to AuCl. A simplified triangular CN2 model is also introduced for the NHCs.
Cover Picture: Tuning the Formation of Cadmium(II) Urocanate Frameworks by Control of Reaction Conditions: Crystal Structure, Properties, and Theoretical Investigation (Chem. Asian J. 4/2006)
Authors: Zou Ru‐Qiang , Zhong Rui‐Qin , Jiang Ling , Yamada Yusuke , Kuriyama Nobuhiro , Xu Qiang
Published: October 2006

A diverse display of crystal structures in Cd(II) urocanate coordination compounds results from the tautomerism of the urocanate anion through control of the reaction conditions. Temperature, pressure, and even the metal ions themselves together influence this tautomerism to produce the enormous structural diversity of such metal coordination compounds. On page 536 ff., Q. Xu and co‐workers describe just three that can be obtained: the alternating 2D layer, the 3D alpha‐polonium network, and the four‐fold interpenetrated diamondoid network.
Integrating Functional Knowledge during Sample Clustering for Microarray Data using Unsupervised Decision Trees
Authors: Redestig Henning , Repsilber Dirk , Sohler Florian , Selbig Joachim
Published: October 2006

Clustering of microarray gene expression data is performed routinely, for genes as well as for samples. Clustering of genes can exhibit functional relationships between genes; clustering of samples on the other hand is important for finding e.g. disease subtypes, relevant patient groups for stratification or related treatments. Usually this is done by first filtering the genes for high‐variance under the assumption that they carry most of the information needed for separating different sample groups. If this assumption is violated, important groupings in the data might be lost. Furthermore, classical clustering methods do not facilitate the biological interpretation of the results. Therefore, we propose to methodologically integrate the clustering algorithm with prior biological information. This is different from other approaches as knowledge about classes of genes can be directly used to ease the interpretation of the results and possibly boost clustering performance. Our approach computes dendrograms that resemble decision trees with gene classes used to split the data at each node which can help to find biologically meaningful differences between the sample groups. We have tested the proposed method both on simulated and real data and conclude its usefulness as a complementary method, especially when assumptions of few differentially expressed genes along with an informative mapping of genes to different classes are met. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Outcome in the real‐world of coronary high‐risk intervention with drug‐eluting stents (ORCHID)—A single‐center study comparing Cypher™ sirolimus‐eluting with Taxus™ paclitaxel‐eluting stents
Authors: Kumar S. , Suresh V. , Prendergast B.D. , Brooks N.H. , Wicks P. , Levy R.D. , Ray S.G. , Bennett D.H. , Lee H.S.
Published: October 2006

Objective: We present real world experience from a single center registry comparing the 6‐month outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in unselected high‐risk individuals using either sirolimus‐eluting (SES) or paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES). Methods/Results: We compared clinical outcome at 6 months follow‐up in two cohorts of 156 consecutive patients(total n = 312) who underwent SES (June 2002–Februrary 2003) and PES(march 2003–July 2003) implantation. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Baseline clinical characteristics were well matched. The 6‐month target vessel revascularization (TVR) rates were 1.9% (SES) and 2.6% (PES) and MACE rates were similar in the two groups (SES 4.5% vs. PES 3.2%, P = NS). In the PES group, intervention for multivessel disease, bifurcation lesions and in small vessels was more common, and for in‐stent restenosis less common, reflecting the impact of drug eluting stents on indications for PCI. The incidence of sub‐acute stent thrombosis, related to inadequate antiplatelet therapy in 3 of the 6 cases, was 0.95% with no difference between the two groups. Conclusion: This study confirms the safety and efficacy of SES and PES in unselected high risk patients undergoing PCI. Clinical outcomes of both stents are equivalent at 6 months with low rates of MACE and TVR. These data provide important complementary information to forthcoming randomized studies. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss., Inc.
KNd(MoO4)2: A New Incommensurate Modulated Structure in the Scheelite Family.
Authors: Morozov Vladimir A. , Arakcheeva Alla V. , Chapuis Gervais , Guiblin Nicolas , Rossell Marta D. , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Indides Sc6Co2.18In0.82, Sc10Ni9In19.44 and ScCu4In — Synthesis, Structure, and Crystal Chemistry.
Authors: Zaremba Roman I. , Kalychak Yaroslav M. , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer , Zaremba Vasyl' I.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Heat of Formation of Gaseous PuO22+ from Relativistic Density Functional Calculations.
Authors: Moskaleva Lyudmila V. , Matveev Alexei V. , Dengler Joachim , Roesch Notker
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bonding Trends in Lewis Acid Adducts of S4N4 — X‐Ray Structure of TeCl4×S4N4.
Authors: Konu Jari , Bajorek Tom , Laitinen Risto S. , Chivers Tristram , Suontamo Reijo J. , Ahlgren Markku
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Na6 [Ge10{Fe(CO)4}8]×18THF: A Centaur Polyhedron of Germanium Atoms.
Authors: Schnepf Andreas , Schenk Christian
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Carbon Center Catalyzed by Bifunctional Organocatalyst.
Authors: Liu Tian‐Yu , Long Jun , Li Bang‐Jing , Jiang Lin Jiang , Li Rui , Wu Yong , Ding Li‐Sheng , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reduction of Various Ketones by Red Algae.
Authors: Utsukihara Takamitsu , Misumi Osami , Kato Nakahide , Kuroiwa Tsuneyoshi , Horiuchi C. Akira
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cycloaddition of Hetarenesulfenyl Chlorides to 3,4‐Dihydropyran.
Authors: Borisov A. V. , Osmanov V. K. , Sokolov I. G. , Borisova G. N. , Matsulevich Zh. V.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of 2‐Aminothiophenol with Acrylic Acid and Conversion of the Resultant Adducts.
Authors: Rutkauskas K. , Beresnevicius Z.‐I.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation of Spiro Ketolactones versus Alkoxy Radical Fragmentation‐Promoted Three‐Atom Ring Enlarged Lactones from Cyclic Ketones.
Authors: Hassner Alfred , Pradhan Tarun K.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Use of (TMS)3CH as Novel Tin‐Free Radical Reducing Agent.
Authors: Perchyonok V. Tamara
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bromofluorination of Olefins Using BrF3; an Efficient Route for Fluoroalkenes and Fluoroamines.
Authors: Sasson Revital , Rozen Shlomo
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Diastereoselective Intermolecular Rhodium‐Catalyzed C—H Amination.
Authors: Liang Chungen , Robert‐Peillard Fabien , Fruit Corinne , Mueller Paul , Dodd Robert H. , Dauban Philippe
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reductive Ethylation of Homoallyl Alcohols with a Disubstituted Double Bond with Ethylmagnesium Bromide in the Presence of Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide.
Authors: Kulinkovich O. G. , Shevchuk T. A. , Isakov V. E. , Prokhorevich K. N.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydroheteroarylation of Alkynes under Mild Nickel Catalysis.
Authors: Nakao Yoshiaki , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Oda Shinichi , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Allylboronic Acids with Iodobenzenes. Selective Formation of the Branched Allylic Product in the Absence of Directing Groups.
Authors: Sebelius Sara , Olsson Vilhelm J. , Wallner Olov A. , Szabo Kalman J.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Economic and Practical Synthesis of the 2‐Tetrahydrofuranyl Ether Protective Group.
Authors: Falck J. R. , Li De Run , Bejot Romain , Mioskowski Charles
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐α‐Aryl‐α,β‐unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Mani Neelakandha S. , Mapes Christopher M. , Wu Jiejun , Deng Xiaohu , Jones Todd K.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Enantiopure γ‐Aminoalcohols by Reduction of Chiral β‐Enaminoketones.
Authors: Cimarelli Cristina , Giuli Sandra , Palmieri Gianni
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1,1,1,7,7,7‐Hexafluoroheptane‐2,4,6‐trione, the Simplest Fluorinated 1,3,5‐Triketone.
Authors: Sevenard Dmitri V. , Kazakova Olesya , Chizhov Dmitri L. , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Active Methylene Compounds with 4‐Fluorobenzalanilines and Antifungal Potential of the Products.
Authors: Sandhar Randeep Kaur , Sharma J. R. , Manrao M. R.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Enantioselective Allylation of Ketoimines.
Authors: Wada Reiko , Shibuguchi Tomoyuki , Makino Sae , Oisaki Kounosuke , Kanai Motomu , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Imines.
Authors: Park Bu‐Mahn , Mun Soungyun , Yun Jaesook
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Aldehyde—Nitroolefin Michael Addition Reactions Catalyzed by Recyclable Fluorous (S) Diphenylpyrrolinol Silyl Ether.
Authors: Zu Liansuo , Li Hao , Wang Jian , Yu Xinhong , Wang Wei
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Hydroxysuccinimide‐Promoted Oxidation of Primary Alcohols and Aldehydes to Form Active Esters with Hypervalent(III) Iodine.
Authors: Wang Naiwei , Liu Renhua , Xu Qing , Liang Xinmiao
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Water‐Compatible, Highly Active and Reusable PEG‐Coated Mesoporous Silica‐Supported Palladium Complex and Its Application in Suzuki Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Yang Qing , Ma Shengming , Li Jixue , Xiao Fengshou , Xiong Hai
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Effective Bismuth‐Catalyzed Benzylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Nachtsheim Boris J. , Ieawsuwan Winai
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Sulfonamide Compounds as Potent Methionine Aminopeptidase Type II Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Properties.
Authors: Kawai Megumi , et al. et al.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical Reactions of [60]Fullerene with β‐Enamino Carbonyl Compounds Mediated by Manganese(III) Acetate.
Authors: Wang Guan‐Wu , Yang Hai‐Tao , Miao Chun‐Bao , Xu Yu , Liu Fei
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Reduction of 3‐Methoxymaleimides: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Methyl 5‐Hydroxytetramates.
Authors: Issa Fatiah , Fischer Joshua , Turner Peter , Coster Mark J.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Indole Derivatives as Novel Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Sugimoto Yuichi , Shimizu Atsushi , Kato Tetsuya , Satoh Atsushi , Ozaki Satoshi , Ohta Hisashi , Okamoto Osamu
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Synthesis of Symmetrical (2‐Indolyl)ethynes and Reduced Congeners via Palladium‐Catalyzed Couplings of 2‐Bromoindole Precursors.
Authors: Sercel Anthony D. , Showalter H. D. Hollis
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfur Ylides. Part 13. Synthesis and Intramolecular Cyclization of Keto‐Stabilized Sulfur Ylides.
Authors: Galin F. Z. , Sakhautdinov I. M. , Lakeev S. N. , Egorov V. A. , Fatykhov A. A. , Maidanova I. O.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of 1,5‐π‐Cyclization of gem‐Difluoro‐Substituted Azomethine Ylides Involving an Aromatic Ring.
Authors: Voznyi I. V. , Novikov M. S. , Khlebnikov A. F. , Kostikov R. R.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Reaction of Hydroxylamine with Aryl Trifluoromethyl‐β‐diketones: Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxy‐5‐trifluoromethyl‐Δ2‐isoxazolines and Their Dehydration to 5‐Trifluoromethylisoxazoles.
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Aggarwal Ranjana , Singh Shiv P.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Oxazolone Derivatives of 4,5‐Disubstituted‐2‐aminothiazoles.
Authors: Nair Smitha , Garg S. P. , Sah Pramilla
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of 4,4′‐Bis[(2′′‐arylthiazolo [4,3‐b]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐5′′‐yl)methoxy]bibenzyls.
Authors: Siddiqui I. R. , Dwivedi Smriti , Shukla Pawan K. , Singh Pravin K.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydropyrans.
Authors: Sherry Benjamin D. , Maus Lisa , Laforteza Brian Ngo , Toste F. Dean
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unprecedented Reactivity Pattern of Chromium Fischer Carbene Complexes. Direct Application to One‐Pot Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐3,4‐dihydrocoumarins on a Multigram Scale.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Andina Facundo , Aznar Fernando
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rapid Room Temperature Buchwald—Hartwig and Suzuki—Miyaura Couplings of Heteroaromatic Compounds Employing Low Catalyst Loadings.
Authors: Navarro Oscar , Marion Nicolas , Mei Jianguo , Nolan Steven P.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Arynes, N‐Heteroaromatics and Nitriles.
Authors: Jeganmohan Masilamani , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Extended Ethidium Bromide Analogue as a Triple Helix Intercalator: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Nucleic Acids Binding.
Authors: Tam Victor K. , Liu Qi , Tor Yitzhak
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tropene Derivatives by Sequential Intermolecular and Transannular, Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Cycloheptatriene.
Authors: Sakai Norio , Ridder Andre , Hartwig John F.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 8,8‐R,R‐8,9‐Dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]quinazolin‐6(7H)‐ones
Authors: Shikhaliev Kh. S. , Kryl'skii D. V. , Potapov A. Yu. , Krysin M. Yu.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The First Synthesis and X‐Ray Structures of Polyfluorinated 1,2‐, 2,3‐ and 2,4a‐Dihydro‐1,3‐diazafluorenes.
Authors: Karpov Victor M. , Platonov Vyacheslav E. , Rybalova Tatjana V. , Gatilov Yuri V. , Shakirov Makhmut M.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel 5,7‐Disubstituted 6‐Amino‐5H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitriles, the Promising Protein Kinase Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Activity.
Authors: Dubinina G. G. , Platonov M. O. , Golovach S. M. , Borysko P. O. , Tolmachov A. O. , Volovenko Y. M.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Improved Synthesis of Lu AA20465 (I).
Authors: Krafft Eva A. , Pinard Emmanuel , Thomas Andrew W.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Synthesis of cis‐3,5‐Disubstituted Morpholine Derivatives.
Authors: D'hooghe Matthias , Vanlangendonck Tim , Toernroos Karl W. , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photochromic 1,2‐Dihetarylethenes with Perfluorocyclopentene Bridge: Synthesis and Spectral and Kinetic Study.
Authors: Krayushkin M. M. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.