bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The nature of malpractice claims related to nerve damage after dental implants insertion in Israel during 2005–2020: A descriptive study
Authors: Laviv Amir , Kolerman Roni , Barnea Eitan , Green Nirit Tagger
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Dental implant placement is a routine practice in dentistry, with a possible uncommon risk of neurosensory injury. The present study analyzed all dental implant claims involving sensory nerve disturbances between 2005 and 2020 in Israel. The study was conducted to understand implant risk management better and improve the patient's safety.

Materials and methods

All legal claims registered by Medical Consultant International (MCI) involving nerve damage claims between 2005 and 2020 were included in the study. The data included demographic details such as age, sex, event date, claim delivery date, and treatment settings. Information on the nerve damage included the damaged nerve, side of injury, and the number of implants performed in the same surgery.

Results

There were 218 claims regarding nerve damage out of 1154 claims for dental implant therapy. The mean age for nerve damage claims was 54.1 ± 11 years.

There were more female than male claims (p = 0.02), with 87% of cases concerning damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (p < 0.0001), out of those molar areas being more frequently involved in nerve damage (64.3%, p < 0.0001).

The left side was 1.4 times more frequent than the right side (p = 0.043). The risk for nerve injury was 7.4 times higher when placing multiple implants compared to single dental implant (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Clinicians should be aware that placement of multiple implants, left‐side implant placement, and patient gender may increase risk for a malpractice claim for neurosensory disturbances.
Risk of colorectal cancer in patients with appendicitis over the age of 40 years
Authors: Lee Mei Sze , Thomas Alben , Pearson John F. , Purcell Rachel , Frizelle Francis , Glyn Tamara
Published: November 2022

Aim

Acute appendicitis in late adulthood is hypothesized to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to establish whether patients over the age of 40 years presenting with appendicitis had an increased risk of being diagnosed with CRC over the subsequent 3 years.

Method

This is a retrospective review of patients aged 40 years and over presenting to Canterbury District Health Board with appendicitis from January 2010 to December 2015. Clinical details were obtained for these patients and cross‐referenced with the New Zealand Cancer Registry for the 3 years following diagnosis. The incidence ratio rate (IRR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) were calculated by establishing the incidence of CRC in this cohort and comparing it with the Canterbury population data.

Results

A total of 1099 patients met the inclusion criteria. The majority (75%) underwent CT as part of their initial work‐up. The rate of colonoscopy increased with age from around 10% between 40 and 49 years to 27% for those 70 years and over.

Eleven cases of CRC were identified, resulting in an IRR 2.35 (95% CI 1.17–4.21). The SIR for this population was 3.28 (95% CI 1.82–5.92).

Conclusion

The rate of CRC is significantly increased compared with the background population in this cohort. The results of this study support luminal investigation of adults aged 40 years and over who present with acute appendicitis as CT alone was insufficient to detect the pathology.
Management of early shedding of purse‐string suturing after endoscopic minimally invasive cholecystolithotomy
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Zu‐Qiang , Zhou Ping‐Hong
Published: November 2022

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Returns to Schooling in Thailand: Evidence from the 1978 Compulsory Schooling Law
Authors: Korwatanasakul Upalat
Published: November 2022

This paper estimates returns to schooling in Thailand by applying the regression discontinuity approach to the change in the compulsory schooling law in 1978. This law enhanced human capital investment on the eve of rapid structural transformation. The returns to schooling based on the instrumental variables estimation were around 8%, while ordinary least squares (OLS) overestimated such returns. Returns were higher for females, urban areas, the services sector, and underdeveloped regions. The findings contrast sharply with studies exploiting similar institutional changes in developed countries where OLS estimates underestimate returns to schooling, implying that former school dropouts tend to have higher returns than those already in school before the law change. Ability bias is more likely to arise in developing countries, possibly because parents might be forced to keep children only with higher abilities in school, reinforcing inequality among children within the household.
Snow cover dynamics: an overlooked yet important feature of winter bird occurrence and abundance across the United States
Authors: Keyser Spencer R. , Fink Daniel , Gudex‐Cross David , Radeloff Volker C. , Pauli Jonathan N. , Zuckerberg Benjamin
Published: November 2022

Snow cover dynamics (i.e. depth, duration and variability) are dominant drivers of ecological processes during winter. For overwintering species, changes and gradients in snow cover may impact survival and population dynamics (e.g. facilitating survival via thermal refugia or limiting survival via reduced resource acquisition). However, snow cover dynamics are rarely used in species distribution modelling, especially for overwintering birds. Currently, we lack understanding of how snow cover gradients affect overwintering bird distributions and which functional traits drive these associations at regional and continental scales. Using observations from eBird, a global community science network, we explored the effects of snow cover dynamics on continental patterns of occurrence and counts for 150 bird species. We quantified the relative importance, species‐specific responses and trait‐based relationships of bird occurrence and abundance patterns to ecologically relevant snow cover dynamics across the United States. Snow cover dynamics were important environmental predictors in species distributions models, ranking within the top three predictors for most species occurrence (> 90%) and count (> 79%) patterns across the contiguous United States. Species exhibited a gradient of responses to snow cover from snow association to snow avoidance, yet most birds were limited by long, persistent snow seasons. Duration of winter and percent frozen ground without snow structured species distributions in the eastern USA, whereas snow cover variability was a stronger driver in the western USA. Birds associated with long, persistent snow seasons had traits associated with greater dispersal capacity and dietary diversity, whereas birds inhabiting regions with variable snow cover were generally habitat generalists. Our results suggest that various snow cover dynamics are important ecological filters of species distributions during winter. Global climate change is rapidly degrading key characteristics of seasonal snow cover. A changing cryosphere may elicit variable distributional changes for many overwintering birds, potentially accelerating range shifts and novel community assemblages.
Territorial ants delay carrion decomposition by depressing Diptera larvae in a Tibetan alpine meadow
Authors: Wei Chunrong , Sun Wenxiao , Hu Xiaoli , Xie Mingda , Wu Xinwei , Sun Shucun
Published: November 2022

1. Invertebrates contribute largely to the decomposition of animal carcasses in natural ecosystems. However, we currently lack experimental evidence for the impact of predatory ants on carrion decomposition. Provided that many ant species display their role in the necrophilous community as predators but not as decomposers, we hypothesized that the ants would negatively affect the carrion decomposition rates by predating on other insect decomposers.

2. In a Tibetan alpine meadow, we conducted a one‐factor designed field experiment involving three treatments, that is, 20, 60, and 500 cm of yak (Bos grunniens) carrion plots away from anthills (Camponotus herculeanus), which mirrored the high, intermediate, and low ant abundance, respectively.

3. Our results show that the necrophilous community assemblage differed significantly along the distance gradients from anthills, with the dominance of the necrophilous community shifting from ants in the 20 cm treatment to maggots in the 500 cm treatment. The ants significantly decreased the number of maggots through predation, resulting in a significant decrease of the carrion decomposition rates. However, ants did not change the number of other scavengers albeit they attacked them.

4. These results suggest that the predatory ant C. herculeanus can modify the carrion decomposition rates through generating a strong consumptive effect on decomposers, which is important to understand the necrophilous community assemblage and the decomposition of animal‐based materials.
Light alters activity but does not disturb tandem coordination of termite mating pairs
Authors: Mizumoto Nobuaki , Bourguignon Thomas
Published: November 2022

Group‐living animals coordinate their movements via local interactions, which can be mediated by visual, tactile, and chemical communication channels. Termite mating pairs form tandems with one male imago following one female imago in a synchronised way to explore the environment and search for a nesting site. Imagoes are the only developmental stage with compound eyes in termites, but the role of vision during tandem runs remains unknown. Here, we investigate the movements during tandem runs of two termite species, Coptotermes formosanus, which swarms during the night, and Reticulitermes speratus, which swarms during the day. We performed the experiments with light and in complete darkness. We found that females and males of both species adjust their speed to each other to form a stable tandem and reunite efficiently upon separation, with or without light. However, the activity was dependent on light conditions in the diurnal R. speratus, in which termites were more active with light. On the other hand, the nocturnal C. formosanus was mostly insensitive to light environments, with termites being slightly more active in darkness. Our results suggest that termites can use light as an environmental cue to start forming mating pairs but not as means to locate mates or coordinate their movements.
Geographical and ecological analyses of multiple myeloma in Denmark: Identification of potential hotspot areas and impact of urbanisation
Authors: Bertelsen Lise Dueholm , Børty Nielsen Lars , Christensen Heidi Søgaard , Bøgsted Martin , Gregersen Henrik , Pedersen Robert Schou , Klostergaard Anja , Schnack Brian Iversen , Pedersen Per Trøllund , Abildgaard Niels , Hermansen Emil , Vangsted Annette Juul , Severinsen Marianne Tang
Published: November 2022

Background

The aetiology of multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown but various environmental exposures are suspected as risk factors. We present the first paper analysing the geographical distribution of MM in Denmark at the municipal level to investigate variations that could be explained by environmental exposures.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with MM in Denmark during 2005–2020 were identified from nationwide registries and grouped into the 98 Danish municipalities based on residence. The age‐ and sex‐standardised incidence rate (SIR) of each municipality was compared to the national incidence in a funnel plot with 95% control limits. Differences in SIRs of rural, suburban, and urban areas were evaluated with incidence rate ratios.

Results

In total, 5243 MM patients were included. Overall, we found a heterogeneous geographical distribution of MM and a potential hotspot in southern Denmark. This hotspot contains three municipalities with SIRs above the 95% control limit assuming considerably higher rate of MM compared to the national incidence rate. A significant higher SIR was found in rural areas compared to urban areas.

Conclusion

The geographical distribution of MM in Denmark indicates that the risk of developing MM depends on place of residence probably due to environmental factors.
Frequency, entity and determinants of fatigue in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Bellofatto Marta , Bertini Alessandro , Tramacere Irene , Manganelli Fiore , Fabrizi Gian Maria , Schenone Angelo , Santoro Lucio , Cavallaro Tiziana , Grandis Marina , Previtali Stefano C. , Falzone Yuri , Allegri Isabella , Padua Luca , Pazzaglia Costanza , Calabrese Daniela , Saveri Paola , Quattrone Aldo , Valentino Paola , Tozza Stefano , Gentile Luca , Russo Massimo , Mazzeo Anna , Vita Giuseppe , Piacentini Sylvie , Pisciotta Chiara , Pareyson Davide ,   for the Italian CMT Network
Published: November 2022

Background and purpose

Fatigue, a disabling symptom in many neuromuscular disorders, has been reported also in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT). The presence of fatigue and its correlations in CMT was investigated.

Methods

The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) was administered to CMT patients from the Italian Registry and a control group. An MFIS score >38 indicated abnormal fatigue. The correlation with disease severity and clinical characteristics, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores, and drug use was analysed.

Results

Data were collected from 251 CMT patients (136 women) and 57 controls. MFIS total (mean ± standard deviation 32 ± 18.3, median 33), physical (18.9 ± 9.7, 20) and psychosocial (2.9 ± 2.4, 3) scores in CMT patients were significantly higher than controls. Abnormal fatigue occurred in 36% of the patients who, compared to patients with normal scores, had more severe disease (median CMT Examination Score 9 vs. 7), more frequent use of foot orthotics (22% vs. 11%), need of support for walking (21% vs. 8%), hand disability (70% vs. 52%) and positive sensory symptoms (56% vs. 36%). Patients with abnormal fatigue had significantly increased frequency of anxiety/depression/general distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), somnolence (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), obesity (body mass index ≥ 30) and use of anxiolytic/antidepressant or anti‐inflammatory/analgesic drugs.

Conclusions

Fatigue is a relevant symptom in CMT as 36% of our series had scores indicating abnormal fatigue. It correlated with disease severity but also with anxiety, depression, sleepiness and obesity, indicating different components in the generation of fatigue. CMT patients' management must include treatment of fatigue and of its different generators, including general distress, sleepiness and obesity.
Flow intermittency affects structural and functional properties of macroinvertebrate communities in alpine streams
Authors: Chanut Pierre C. M. , Drost Annemieke , Siebers Andre Robert , Paillex Amael , Robinson Christopher T.
Published: November 2022

Flow regime is a major determinant of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Under climate change, flow intermittency is becoming more prevalent in glaciated alpine catchments, but the effects of increasing dryness on aquatic biodiversity remain largely unknown.

We characterised flow intermittency patterns in 30 streams of a glaciated alpine catchment over 15 months and separated these streams into four intermittency categories: perennial streams, winter‐drying streams, moderately intermittent streams with occasional drying in summer, and periodically intermittent streams with extensive dry periods throughout the year. We then examined how these drying patterns affected structural and functional properties of benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and whether these changes were primarily deterministic or stochastic.

At the taxonomic level, we observed a response at the highest intermittency levels, with α diversity lower and β diversity higher in periodically intermittent streams than in other stream types. This result suggested that local biota were well adapted to intermediate intermittency levels (mostly during winter) but not to high intermittency during summer. In contrast, functional diversity indices at the α and β levels (based on trait abundances) did not differ across intermittency categories. Considering the moderate level of functional redundancy, we interpreted this as an indication that changes in taxonomic diversity may have resulted primarily from stochastic processes.

Analysis of community and trait composition indicated that deterministic selection may indeed have occurred with increased intermittency, but this process was likely to be minor in comparison to stochastic extinctions. Notably, community evenness was highest in periodically intermittent streams and lowest in perennial streams, suggesting that frequent drying prevented competitive exclusion.

Our results suggested that most macroinvertebrate populations are resilient to intermediate intermittency levels but are filtered at high intermittency, irrespective of their resilience capacities. However, more research is needed to clarify the specific roles of different facets of flow regimes, specifically frequency, duration, and timing of intermittency. Understanding the consequences of responses in diversity and community evenness with increasing intermittency on the functional properties of communities will allow better prediction of the future ecological status of alpine stream networks to ongoing environmental change.
Energy cover crops for biogas production increase soil organic carbon stocks: A modeling approach
Authors: Levavasseur Florent , Kouakou Patrice K. , Constantin Julie , Cresson Romain , Ferchaud Fabien , Girault Romain , Jean‐Baptiste Vincent , Lagrange Hélène , Marsac Sylvain , Pellerin Sylvain , Houot Sabine
Published: November 2022

Energy cover crops for biogas production through anaerobic digestion (AD) are inserted between two primary crops. They replace either bare soil or nonharvested cover crops, and their management is usually intensified to produce more biomass. They allow the production of renewable energy as well as digestate, used as an organic fertilizer, without directly competing with food production. Because of the increased biomass production and export and of the return of a digested biomass to the soil, the impact of energy cover crops on soil organic carbon (SOC) is questioned. The objective of this paper was to study the difference in SOC stocks induced by the introduction of energy cover crops for AD coupled with the application of the resulting amount of digestate. We used the AD model Sys‐Metha combined with the soil C model AMG to simulate SOC stocks for 13 case studies in France, with scenarios comparing different intercrop management practices, with or without cover crops, harvested or not. Our results indicated that the higher biomass production of energy cover crops (from 6.7 to 11.1 t DM ha−1) in comparison with nonharvested cover crops (2 t DM ha−1) or bare soil led to higher humified C input (belowground input and digestate), despite the high C fraction exported in AD. This resulted in an increase in SOC stocks in comparison with nonharvested cover crops or bare soil (from 0.01 to 0.12 t C ha−1 year−1 over 30 years). The uncertainties in the model parameters did not modify these results. However, in the case of equal biomass production between energy cover crops and nonharvested cover crops, SOC stocks would be lower with energy cover crops.
‘I'm competitive with myself’: A study of women leaders navigating neoliberal patriarchal workplaces
Authors: Mavin Sharon , Yusupova Marina
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates how women leaders in the UK negotiate claims of being competitive by internalizing competition. Competition is a critical component in neoliberal contexts; yet its gendered implications are under research. Through analysis of 18 women leaders' narratives who directly characterize themselves as ‘competitive with myself,’ we theorize how and why competition is directed at the self. We understand articulations of ‘I'm competitive with myself as a discursive strategy, which functions in the narratives in three interconnected ways. ‘Competitive with myself’ versus ‘competitive with others’ explains how women leaders internalize competition by rejecting competition with others and distancing from the conventional notion of zero‐sum game competition. ‘Competing with myself for perfection’ and ‘Competitive with myself as a protective shield’ explain why women leaders internalize competition—to perfect the self and navigate the double standards of a gendered neoliberal workplace. We argue that ‘competitive with myself’ as a discursive strategy enables women leaders to openly claim competitiveness, (an undesirable performance for women) and simultaneously distance themselves from it. The study contributes understandings of competition as gendered under neoliberalism and in patriarchal men‐dominated leadership roles and workplaces. Through a nuanced discussion of women leaders' narratives, we identify both an obligation to compete and a possible flexing of gender norms in relation to competition.
Assessment of the anti‐hair loss potential of Camellia japonica fruit shell extract in vitro
Authors: You Jiyoung , Woo Jieun , Roh Kyung‐Baeg , Ryu Dehun , Jang Youngsu , Cho Eunae , Park Deokhoon , Jung Eunsun
Published: November 2022

Objective

Hair loss is caused by various factors. Impacts of these factors are often overlapped and intensified. Currently, mitigation of hair loss is being studied by proliferating dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and inhibiting deleterious factors such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oxidative stress on hair growth. Camellia japonica (C. japonica) fruit shell is a discarded part. Its biological activity remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the capacity of C. japonica fruit shell extract (CJFSE) for hair loss mitigation.

Methods

MTT assay, spheroid culture and quantitative RT‐PCR were performed to observe the proliferative effect of CJFSE on hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs). Effects of CJFSE on DHT‐induced hair loss were confirmed by Dkk‐1 ELISA, β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) and 5α‐reductase activity assay. In addition, effects of CJFSE on oxidative stress were confirmed through DPPH and ROS production assays.

Results

CJFSE increased the proliferation and spheroid size of HFDPCs. Expression levels of VEGF‐A, Wnt‐1, c‐Myc and Cyclin D1 were upregulated by CJFSE. CJFSE also suppressed 5α‐reductase activity and DHT‐induced decrease in cell proliferation, Dkk‐1 secretion and β‐gal activity. Moreover, CJFSE showed DPPH scavenging activity and ameliorated hydrogen peroxide‐induced ROS production and β‐gal activity. Finally, gallic acid and protocatechuic acid were observed in CJFSE through HPLC analysis.

Conclusion

CJFSE has the potential to alleviate hair loss by promoting hair cell growth and suppressing effects of DHT and oxidative stress on hair.
Development and psychometric test of the myRisk mobile application for caries risk assessment
Authors: Detsomboonrat Palinee , Jaroonvechatam Jiranat , Chaiboon Pasut , Urwannachotima Nipaporn
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To develop a caries‐risk assessment application (myRisk app) and assess the psychometric properties based on content validity, construct validity, and how well it classifies the participants into different caries risk groups using caries increments at 10 months.

Methods

The myRisk mobile application was developed using Android Studio 4.1.1. The content validity was assessed by three dental experts. To evaluate construct validity and the prediction of future dental caries, the participants (N = 88) were recruited from Rajvithi Home for Girls in Thailand by convenience sampling. The participants were completed a caries risk assessment (CRA) of myRisk app and ADA form. The oral examination was performed at the time of CRA and 10 months following the baseline.

Results

Eighty‐eight participants aged 12–29 used the myRisk app and completed the ADA form. The app content validity was acceptable (IOC = 0.67). According to myRisk, 7.9%, 71.6%, and 20.5% of the participants were classified into the low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk groups, respectively. The percent agreement of the caries‐risk classification with the ADA form was 30.7%. Significant differences between the three risk groups were found in active caries (p < 0.001), type, and frequency of sugary snacks (p = 0.002). The app had a sensitivity of 68%, a specificity of 61%, and an area under the receiver operating characterisitic (ROC) curve of 0.61.

Conclusions

The myRisk app has acceptable content validity and sufficient diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curve). However, there is a different outcome in caries‐risk classification compared with the ADA form.
Monkeypox: a new global health emergency with predominant dermatological manifestations
Authors: Dogra Sunil , Mehta Hitaishi , Gupta Smriti , Suri Vikas
Published: November 2022

Monkeypox is a zoonotic virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus. Previously endemic to Africa, outbreaks have been reported from all over the world, the largest of which is currently ongoing. Dermatologists are principally involved in recognition and diagnosis of the infection. This narrative review primarily focuses on clinical manifestations and highlights the unique epidemiological features of current outbreak. Lesions observed during the current outbreak lack the evolution described in endemic disease. Polymorphic lesions are common and may be confined to anogenital area. Onset of “prodromal” symptoms may coincide with onset of skin rash, and these may be altogether absent. Mortality rates observed are low. The exanthem should be differentiated from other infections such as herpes, molluscum contagiosum, smallpox, and other poxvirus infections. Presentation as an isolated genital lesion warrants differentiation from syphilis, chancroid, and other sexually transmitted diseases. Close intimate contact during sexual encounters is the primary mode of transmission, and other coexisting sexually transmitted infections are frequently diagnosed.
Distinctive negative reactions to intermediate social groups
Authors: Burke Sara E. , Perry Sylvia P. , Dovidio John F. , LaFrance Marianne
Published: November 2022

Although considerable research has examined how members of advantaged groups think and feel about disadvantaged groups, fewer studies have examined responses to “intermediate” social groups—groups that are perceived to fall between more commonly acknowledged groups on the same dimension of social identity. We measured judgments of intermediate groups, including novel groups designed to manipulate social group intermediacy (Studies 1–5), Black/White biracial people (Study 6), and bisexual people (Study 7). In each study, participants provided separate evaluations of an intermediate group and two comparison groups (e.g., Black/White biracial people, Black people, White people). Intermediate groups were consistently rated as less conceptually legitimate (e.g., less distinctive, not a “real” group) than other groups. The view that intermediate groups are not “real” groups helped explain negative evaluations of them, and participants who strongly identified with an advantaged ingroup were especially prone to this pattern of judgments. These results are consistent with the idea that an intermediate group can threaten the distinctiveness of a valued ingroup, leading people to dismiss and denigrate the intermediate group. Studying perceptions of intermediate groups facilitates a nuanced account of an increasingly heterogeneous social world.
Performance of two tools for pulmonary vein occlusion assessment with a novel navigation system in cryoballoon ablation procedure
Authors: Qiao Yu , Zhao Zhen , Fu Mingpeng , Cai Xiang , Guo Yulong , Liu Ke , Guo Jinrui , Guo Tao , Niu Guodong
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Optimal occlusion of pulmonary vein (PV) is essential for atrial fibrillation (AF) cryoballoon ablation (CBA). The aim of the study was to investigate the performance of two different tools for the assessment of PV occlusion with a novel navigation system in CBA procedure.

Methods

In consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF who underwent CBA procedure with the guidance of the novel 3‐dimentional mapping system, the baseline tool, injection tool and pulmonary venography were all employed to assess the degree of PV occlusion, and the corresponding cryoablation parameters were recorded.

Results

In 23 patients (mean age 60.0 ± 13.9 years, 56.5% male), a total of 149 attempts of occlusion and 122 cryoablations in 92 PVs were performed. Using pulmonary venography as the gold standard, the overall sensitivity, specificity of the baseline tool was 96.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 90.0%–99.1%), and 40.5% (95% CI 26.0%–56.7%), respectively, while the corresponding value of the injection tool was 69.6% (95% CI 59.7%–78.1%), and 100.0% (95% CI 90.6%–100.0%), respectively. Cryoablation with optimal occlusion showed lower nadir temperature (baseline tool: −44.3 ± 8.4°C vs. −35.1 ± 6.5°C, p < .001; injection tool: −46.7 ± 6.4°C vs. −38.3 ± 9.2°C, p < .001) and longer total thaw time (baseline tool: 53.3 ± 17.0 s vs. 38.2 ± 14.9 s, p = .003; injection tool: 58.5 ± 15.5 s vs. 41.7 ± 15.2 s, p < .001) compared with those without.

Conclusions

Both tools were able to accurately assess the degree of PV occlusion and predict the acute cryoablation effect, with the baseline tool being more sensitive and the injection tool more specific.
What makes a good mother? Two decades of research reflecting social norms of motherhood
Authors: Schmidt Eva‐Maria , Décieux Fabienne , Zartler Ulrike , Schnor Christine
Published: November 2022

Over the past two decades, scholars have investigated a multitude of different aspects of motherhood. This article provides a scoping review of research published from 2001 to 2021, covering 115 Social Science Citation Index‐referenced papers from WEIRD countries, with the aim of reconstructing social norms around motherhood and mothers' responses to them. The analysis is theoretically based on normological and praxeological concepts. The findings reveal five contemporary norms of motherhood that reflect both stability and increasing differentiation, and are related to five types of mothers: the norms of being attentive to the child (present mother), of securing the child's successful development (future‐oriented mother), of integrating employment into mothering (working mother), of being in control (public mother), and of being contented (happy mother). Relying on an intersectional lens, we analyze mothers' heterogeneous responses to these norms of motherhood, and examine how neoliberal demands build on and perpetuate inequalities.
Theory‐based nursing interventions in adults with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gok Metin Zehra , Izgu Nur , Gulbahar Eren Merve , Eroglu Hacer
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize the outcomes of theory‐based nursing interventions for coronary heart disease management.

Design and Methods

Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed databases were electronically searched from January 2013 to August 2021. The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses statement guidelines was followed for this meta‐analysis. Randomized controlled trials on patients with coronary heart disease, using a theory‐based nursing intervention were eligible. Methodological quality was examined by two authors using the Modified Jadad Scale. Based on the heterogeneity test, the results were analyzed using a pool of data with 95% confidence intervals, p‐values, and fixed or random‐effect models (PROSPERO registration number X).

Findings

A total of 1030 studies were initially retrieved, and 8 randomized controlled trials were eventually included in the meta‐analysis after screening. The big majority (81.3%) of participants were males, and the mean age was 54.8 (SD = 8.7) years. This meta‐analysis found theory‐based nursing interventions had no significant effect on blood lipid profile, blood pressure, and healthy lifestyle. However, these interventions significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, and body mass index and improved the physical and psychological domains of quality of life.

Conclusions

The evidence from this meta‐analysis reveals that theory‐based nursing interventions have a positive effect on fasting blood glucose, body mass index, and quality of life. However, their effects on blood lipid profile, blood pressure, and a healthy lifestyle are inconclusive. The results of this metanalysis are largely based on a few trials and were limited in terms of the number of outcomes. Conducting well‐designed randomized controlled trials with adequate power is needed to make a firm conclusion on the influence of theory‐based nursing interventions on patient outcomes in the CHD population.

Clinical relevance

Considering the high mortality and morbidity of coronary heart disease, nurses may play a significant role in coronary heart disease management by providing interventions that are based on a certain theoretical framework. This meta‐analysis provides insights into the implementation of theory‐based nursing interventions in heart attack survivors or those newly diagnosed with coronary heart disease led by nurses and lasting longer than 6 months in coronary heart disease. In addition, future studies should consider enhancing the content of training programs for a healthy lifestyle within the theory‐based nursing interventions and compare the effects of these interventions on acute and chronic coronary syndromes.
Developmental trajectories of positivity from mid‐childhood to early adolescence: Family and school environmental predictors
Authors: Wang Meidan , Huebner Eugene Scott , Tian Lili
Published: November 2022

This study examined the heterogeneity in positivity trajectories and the predictive roles of family and school environments (i.e., perceived parental warmth and basic psychological need satisfactions at school) from mid‐childhood to early adolescence. Elementary school students in China (N = 2204, 54.9% boys, Mage = 9.47 years) completed relevant measures on six occasions, every 6 months. Latent class growth modeling revealed four heterogeneous developmental trajectories of positivity: High‐Increasing (50.6%), Moderate Low‐Increasing (33.2%), Low‐Stable (11.0%), and High‐Decreasing (5.2%). Perceived parental warmth and satisfaction of relatedness and competence needs at school significantly predicted trajectory class membership. Findings underscore the value of identifying group difference in positivity development in youth and the need for specific interventions targeting their unique characteristics.
Expression of the pleiotrophin–midkine axis in a sheep tooth socket model of bone healing
Authors: Nobakht Saeideh , Milne Trudy J. , Duncan Warwick J. , Ram Anumala , Tkatchenko Tatiana , Dong Zhen , Coates Dawn E.
Published: November 2022

Objective and Background

Resorption of alveolar bone after tooth extraction is a common problem often requiring bone grafting. The success of the grafting procedures is dependent on multiple factors including the presence of growth factors. This is the first in vivo study to investigate the role of the pleiotrophin family of cytokines in alveolar bone regeneration. This research investigated the role of the pleiotrophin–midkine (PTN–MDK) axis during osteogenesis, with and without a grafting material, after tooth extraction in a sheep model.

Methods

Thirty Romney‐cross ewes were anesthetized, and all premolar teeth on the right side were extracted. The sockets were randomized to controls sites with no treatment and test sites with Bio‐Oss® graft material and Bio‐Gide® membrane. Samples were harvested after sacrificing animals 4, 8, and 16 weeks post‐grafting (n = 10 per time‐point). Tissue for qRT2‐PCR gene analysis was recovered from the socket next to the first molar using a trephine (Ø = 2 mm). Each socket was fixed, decalcified, paraffin‐embedded, and sectioned. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to localize both PTN and MDK along with their receptors, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z1 (PTPRZ1), ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK), and notch receptor 2 (NOTCH2).

Results

Within the healing sockets, high expression of genes for PTN, MDK, NOTCH2, and ALK was found at all time‐points and in both grafted and non‐grafted sites, while PTPRZ1 was only expressed at low levels. The relative gene expression of the PTN family of cytokines was not statistically different at the three time‐points between test and control groups (p > .05). Immunohistochemistry found PTN and MDK in association with new bone, NOTCH2 in the connective tissue, and PTPRZ1 and ALK in association with cuboidal osteoblasts involved in bone formation.

Conclusions

The PTN–MDK axis was highly expressed in both non‐grafted and grafted sockets during osteogenesis in a sheep model of alveolar bone regeneration with no evidence that grafting significantly affected expression. The activation of NOTCH2 and PTPRZ1 receptors may be important during bone regeneration in vivo. The discovery of the PTN–MDK axis as important during alveolar bone regeneration is novel and opens up new avenues of research into these stably expressed highly active cytokines. Growth factor supplementation with PTN and/or MDK during healing may be an approach for enhanced regeneration or to initiate healing where delayed.
Assertion, denial, and the evolution of Boolean operators
Authors: Carcassi Fausto , Sbardolini Giorgio
Published: November 2022

Given current data, only a few binary Boolean operators are expressed in lexically simple fashion in the world's languages: and, or, nor. These do not occur in every combination, for example, nor is not observed by itself. To explain these cross‐linguistic patterns, we propose an encoding of Boolean operators as update procedures to accept or reject information in a context. We define a measure of conceptual simplicity for such updates, on which attested operators are conceptually simpler than the remaining Booleans. Moreover, we show that language evolution selects for the attested lexical inventories by minimizing the complexity of using a lexical inventory compositionally to convey precise information.
Sequential action of antibacterial effectors in Dictyostelium discoideum phagosomes
Authors: Crespo‐Yanez Xènia , Oddy Joseph , Lamrabet Otmane , Jauslin Tania , Marchetti Anna , Cosson Pierre
Published: November 2022

Mammalian professional phagocytic cells ingest and kill invading microorganisms and prevent the development of bacterial infections. Our understanding of the sequence of events that results in bacterial killing and permeabilization in phagosomes is still largely incomplete. In this study, we used the Dictyostelium discoideum amoeba as a model phagocyte to study the fate of the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae inside phagosomes. Our analysis distinguishes three consecutive phases: bacteria first lose their ability to divide (killing), then their cytosolic content is altered (permeabilization), and finally their DNA is degraded (digestion). Phagosomal acidification and production of free radicals are necessary for rapid killing, membrane‐permeabilizing proteins BpiC and AlyL are required for efficient permeabilization. These results illustrate how a combination of genetic and microscopical tools can be used to finely dissect the molecular events leading to bacterial killing and permeabilization in a maturing phagosome.
Didymodon heilongjiangensis (Pottiaceae, Musci), a new species from Heilongjiang Province, China and its phylogenetic position based on molecular data
Authors: Feng Chao , Kou Jin , Wu Ting‐Ting , Zhang Guo‐Li
Published: November 2022

Didymodon heilongjiangensis is described as a new species from Nianzishan District, Heilongjiang Province, China. It is mainly characterized by triangular to ovate‐lanceolate leaves that are erect to erect‐patent when moist, acute leaf apices, leaf margins recurved to near leaf apex, yellowish color in KOH, percurrent to short‐excurrent costa that is widened toward apex, laminal cells with low papillae over the transverse walls, which reach the two adjacent cells, and marginal basal cells with thickened transverse walls. A phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences of ITS, rps4, trnM‐trnV conﬁrms that D. heilongjiangensis belongs to the genus Didymodon s.str. The new species is fully illustrated and its affinities are discussed in detail.
A research agenda for nonvascular photoautotrophs under climate change
Authors: Porada Philipp , Bader Maaike Y. , Berdugo Monica B. , Colesie Claudia , Ellis Christopher J. , Giordani Paolo , Herzschuh Ulrike , Ma Yunyao , Launiainen Samuli , Nascimbene Juri , Petersen Imke , Raggio Quílez José , Rodríguez‐Caballero Emilio , Rousk Kathrin , Sancho Leopoldo G. , Scheidegger Christoph , Seitz Steffen , Van Stan John T. , Veste Maik , Weber Bettina , Weston David J.
Published: November 2022

Nonvascular photoautotrophs (NVP), including bryophytes, lichens, terrestrial algae, and cyanobacteria, are increasingly recognized as being essential to ecosystem functioning in many regions of the world. Current research suggests that climate change may pose a substantial threat to NVP, but the extent to which this will affect the associated ecosystem functions and services is highly uncertain. Here, we propose a research agenda to address this urgent question, focusing on physiological and ecological processes that link NVP to ecosystem functions while also taking into account the substantial taxonomic diversity across multiple ecosystem types. Accordingly, we developed a new categorization scheme, based on microclimatic gradients, which simplifies the high physiological and morphological diversity of NVP and world‐wide distribution with respect to several broad habitat types. We found that habitat‐specific ecosystem functions of NVP will likely be substantially affected by climate change, and more quantitative process understanding is required on: (1) potential for acclimation; (2) response to elevated CO2; (3) role of the microbiome; and (4) feedback to (micro)climate. We suggest an integrative approach of innovative, multimethod laboratory and field experiments and ecophysiological modelling, for which sustained scientific collaboration on NVP research will be essential.
Does plant ecosystem thermoregulation occur? An extratropical assessment at different spatial and temporal scales
Authors: Guo Zhengfei , Still Christopher J. , Lee Calvin K. F. , Ryu Youngryel , Blonder Benjamin , Wang Jing , Bonebrake Timothy C. , Hughes Alice , Li Yan , Yeung Henry C. H. , Zhang Kun , Law Ying Ki , Lin Ziyu , Wu Jin
Published: November 2022

To what degree plant ecosystems thermoregulate their canopy temperature (Tc) is critical to assess ecosystems' metabolisms and resilience with climate change, but remains controversial, with opinions from no to moderate thermoregulation capability.

With global datasets of Tc, air temperature (Ta), and other environmental and biotic variables from FLUXNET and satellites, we tested the ‘limited homeothermy’ hypothesis (indicated by Tc & Ta regression slope < 1 or Tc < Ta around midday) across global extratropics, including temporal and spatial dimensions.

Across daily to weekly and monthly timescales, over 80% of sites/ecosystems have slopes ≥1 or Tc > Ta around midday, rejecting the above hypothesis. For those sites unsupporting the hypothesis, their Tc–Ta difference (ΔT) exhibits considerable seasonality that shows negative, partial correlations with leaf area index, implying a certain degree of thermoregulation capability. Spatially, site‐mean ΔT exhibits larger variations than the slope indicator, suggesting ΔT is a more sensitive indicator for detecting thermoregulatory differences across biomes. Furthermore, this large spatial‐wide ΔT variation (0–6°C) is primarily explained by environmental variables (38%) and secondarily by biotic factors (15%).

These results demonstrate diverse thermoregulation patterns across global extratropics, with most ecosystems negating the ‘limited homeothermy’ hypothesis, but their thermoregulation still occurs, implying that slope < 1 or Tc < Ta are not necessary conditions for plant thermoregulation.
Assessing policies to reduce adolescent overweight and obesity: Insights from a system dynamics model using data from the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children study
Authors: Romanenko Eduard , Homer Jack , Fismen Anne‐Siri , Rutter Harry , Lien Nanna
Published: November 2022

Adolescent overweight and obesity (AdOWOB) in Europe has proven to be a persistent and complex problem, and appropriate systems methods may help in evaluating potential policy options. This paper describes the development of a system dynamics model of AdOWOB as part of the EU‐funded CO‐CREATE project. The model was developed using literature and data from the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children (HBSC) study across 31 European countries. We identified 10 HBSC variables that were included as direct or indirect drivers of AdOWOB in the dynamic model, seven at the level of the individual, and three related to the social environment. The model was calibrated to 24 separate cases based on four gender and perceived wealth segments for each of the five CO‐CREATE countries (The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, and the UK) and for Europe overall. Out of 10 possible intervention points tested, exercise, fruit, life dissatisfaction, school pressure, and skipping breakfast were identified as the top five most influential ones across the 24 cases. These model‐based priorities can be compared with the policy ideas suggested by the CO‐CREATE adolescents.
Augmented Stability in Leaving Original Internal Fixation with Multidimensional Cross Locking Plate through Mini‐Open Femoral Anterior Approach for Aseptic Femoral Shaft Nonunion: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Taoguang , Zhang Wei , Chang Zuhao , Zhu Zhengguo , Sun Lijun , Tang Peifu , Chen Hua
Published: November 2022

Objective

Aseptic femoral shaft nonunion constitutes approximately 1%–10% of all femoral shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail (IMN) fixation, possibly attributable to the lack of anti‐rotational stability. Although a lateral locking plate (LP) with retainment of original IMN has shown the most success, lateral LP inflicts significant surgical trauma on patients. Therefore, the Multidimensional Cross Locking Plate (MDC‐LP) was designed based on a mini‐open femoral anterior approach. We aim to report and compare the technical aspects and clinical outcomes of using anterior MDC‐LP or lateral LP with retention of original IMN for the treatment of aseptic femoral shaft nonunion.

Methods

In this single center retrospective cohort study, records of 49 patients who had undergone revision of femoral shaft aseptic nonunion with anterior MDC‐LP or lateral LP while retaining the original IMN from January 2015 to October 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Information on patients' demographics, clinical data, and surgical outcomes were gathered and analyzed. X‐ray and CT scans were used for bone union evaluation and the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) was used for follow‐up functional evaluation. For quantitative data, the Student's t‐test was used if the data were normally distributed. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used for non‐normally distributed data. For qualitative data, the Chi‐square test was used for comparisons.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients were treated with anterior MDC‐LP, and 22 patients were treated with lateral LP. There are no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, time since initial femoral shaft fracture, initial fracture type (close/open), nonunion type, or nonunion location between patients' group. Among patients treated with anterior MDC‐LP, an average of 2‐months advantage in time to union was observed (4.09 months vs. 6.8 months in the lateral LP group: P = 0.000), smaller incision was required for MDC‐LP installment (7.7 cm vs 17.1 cm in lateral LP group: P = 0.000).

Conclusions

For the treatment of aseptic femoral shaft nonunion with retainment of original IMN, anterior MDC‐LP via mini‐open femoral anterior approach described in this study is a better option than lateral LP for achieving faster bone union and satisfactory functional outcome with less surgical trauma.