bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Evaluation of Pollution Load Reduction Scenarios for Water Environmental Management: A Case Study of Inflow River of Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Zhang Ruibin , Qian Xin , Zhu Wenting , Gao Hailong , Hu Wei , Wang Jinhua
Published: September 2014

In the beginning of the 21st century, the deterioration of water quality in Taihu Lake, China, has caused widespread concern. The primary source of pollution in Taihu Lake is river inflows. Effective pollution load reduction scenarios need to be implemented in these rivers in order to improve the water quality of Taihu Lake. It is important to select appropriate pollution load reduction scenarios for achieving particular goals. The aim of this study was to facilitate the selection of appropriate scenarios. The QUAL2K model for river water quality was used to simulate the effects of a range of pollution load reduction scenarios in the Wujin River, which is one of the major inflow rivers of Taihu Lake. The model was calibrated for the year 2010 and validated for the year 2011. Various pollution load reduction scenarios were assessed using an analytic hierarchy process, and increasing rates of evaluation indicators were predicted using the Delphi method. The results showed that control of pollution from the source is the optimal method for pollution prevention and control, and the method of “Treatment after Pollution” has bad environmental, social and ecological effects. The method applied in this study can assist for environmental managers to select suitable pollution load reduction scenarios for achieving various objectives.
Targeted Suppression of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy by miR-320a Promotes α-Synuclein Aggregation
Authors: Li Guobin , Yang Haiying , Zhu Dezhang , Huang Hui , Liu Guoyuan , Lun Peng
Published: September 2014

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is involved in wild-type α-synuclein degradation in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and LAMP2A and Hsc 70 have recently been indicated to be deregulated by microRNAs. To recognize the regularory role of miR-320a in CMA and the possible role in α-synuclein degradation, in the present study, we examined the targeting and regulating role of miR-320 in Hsc 70 expression. We first constructed an α-synuclein-overexpressed human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y-Syn(+), stably over-expressing wild-type α-synuclein and sensitive to an autophagy inhibitor, which exerted no effect on the expression of LAMP2A and Hsc 70. Then we evaluated the influence on the CMA by miR-320a in the SH-SY5Y-Syn(+) cells. It was shown that miR-320a mimics transfection of specifically targeted Hsc 70 and reduced its expression at both mRNA and protein levels, however, the other key CMA molecule, LAMP2A was not regulated by miR-320a. Further, the reduced Hsc 70 attenuated the α-synuclein degradation in the SH-SY5Y-Syn(+) cells, and induced a significantly high level of α-synuclein accumulation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that miR-320a specifically targeted the 3' UTR of Hsc 70, decreased Hsc 70 expression at both protein and mRNA levels in α-synuclein-over-expressed SH-SY5Y cells, and resulted in significant α-synuclein intracellular accumulation. These results imply that miR-320a might be implicated in the α-synuclein aggravation in PD.
Fundamental Issues Related to the Origin of Melatonin and Melatonin Isomers during Evolution: Relation to Their Biological Functions
Authors: Tan Dun-Xian , Zheng Xiaodong , Kong Jin , Manchester Lucien , Hardeland Ruediger , Kim Seok , Xu Xiaoying , Reiter Russel
Published: September 2014

Melatonin and melatonin isomers exist and/or coexist in living organisms including yeasts, bacteria and plants. The levels of melatonin isomers are significantly higher than that of melatonin in some plants and in several fermented products such as in wine and bread. Currently, there are no reports documenting the presence of melatonin isomers in vertebrates. From an evolutionary point of view, it is unlikely that melatonin isomers do not exist in vertebrates. On the other hand, large quantities of the microbial flora exist in the gut of the vertebrates. These microorganisms frequently exchange materials with the host. Melatonin isomers, which are produced by these organisms inevitably enter the host’s system. The origins of melatonin and its isomers can be traced back to photosynthetic bacteria and other primitive unicellular organisms. Since some of these bacteria are believed to be the precursors of mitochondria and chloroplasts these cellular organelles may be the primary sites of melatonin production in animals or in plants, respectively. Phylogenic analysis based on its rate-limiting synthetic enzyme, serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), indicates its multiple origins during evolution. Therefore, it is likely that melatonin and its isomer are also present in the domain of archaea, which perhaps require these molecules to protect them against hostile environments including extremely high or low temperature. Evidence indicates that the initial and primary function of melatonin and its isomers was to serve as the first-line of defence against oxidative stress and all other functions were acquired during evolution either by the process of adoption or by the extension of its antioxidative capacity.
The Impact of Process Scaling on Scratchpad Memory Energy Savings
Authors: Redd Bennion , Kellis Spencer , Gaskin Nathaniel , Brown Richard
Published: September 2014

Scratchpad memories have been shown to reduce power consumption, but the different characteristics of nanometer scale processes, such as increased leakage power, motivate an examination of how the benefits of these memories change with process scaling. Process and application characteristics affect the amount of energy saved by a scratchpad memory. Increases in leakage as a percentage of total power particularly impact applications that rarely access memory. This study examines how the benefits of scratchpad memories have changed in newer processes, based on the measured performance of the WIMS (Wireless Integrated MicroSystems) microcontroller implemented in 180- and 65-nm processes and upon simulations of this microcontroller implemented in a 32-nm process. The results demonstrate that scratchpad memories will continue to improve the power dissipation of many applications, given the leakage anticipated in the foreseeable future.
Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Analysis of Volatile Components in Phalaenopsis Nobby’s Pacific Sunset
Authors: Yeh Chih-Hsin , Tsai Wan-Yu , Chiang Hsiu-Mei , Wu Chin-Sheng , Lee Yung-I , Lin Li-Yun , Chen Hsin-Chun
Published: September 2014

Phalaenopsis is the most important economic crop in the Orchidaceae family. There are currently numerous beautiful and colorful Phalaenopsis flowers, but only a few species of Phalaenopsis have an aroma. This study reports the analysis volatile components present in P. Nobby’s Pacific Sunset by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that the optimal extraction conditions were obtained by using a DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber. A total of 31 compounds were identified, with the major compounds being geraniol, linalool and α-farnesene. P. Nobby’s Pacific Sunset had the highest odor concentration from 09:00 to 13:00 on the eighth day of storage. It was also found that in P. Nobby’s Pacific Sunset orchids the dorsal sepals and petals had the highest odor concentrations, whereas the column had the lowest.
Simultaneous Quantification of Three Polymorphic Forms of Carbamazepine in the Presence of Excipients Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Farias Marco , Carneiro Renato
Published: September 2014

The occurrence of polymorphic transitions is a serious problem for pharmaceutical companies, because it can affect the bioavailability of the final product. With several known polymorphic forms carbamazepine is one of the most problematic drugs in this respect. Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational technique that is becoming very important in the pharmaceutical field, mainly due to its highly specific molecular fingerprint capabilities and easy use as a process analytical tool. However, multivariate methods are necessary both for identification and quantification. In this work an analytical methodology using Raman spectroscopy and interval Partial Least Squares Regression (iPLS), was developed in order to quantify mixtures of carbamazepine polymorphs in the presence of the most common excipients. The three polymorphs CBZ I, CBZ III and CBZ DH (which is a dihydrate) were synthesized and characterized by PXRD and DSC. Subsequently, tablets were manufactured using excipients and 15 different mixtures of carbamazepine polymorphs. The iPLS model presented average prediction validation errors of 1.58%, 1.04% and 0.22% wt/wt, for CBZ I, CBZ III and CBZ DH, respectively, considering the whole mass of the tablet. The model presents a good prediction capacity and the proposed methodology could be used to perform quality control in final products.
Fermentation with Aquilariae Lignum Enhances the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Green Tea in Type II Diabetic db/db Mouse
Authors: Kang Su , Lee Ji , Lee Eun , Jung Dae , Song Chang , Park Soo , Choi Seong , Han Chang , Ku Sae , Lee Young
Published: September 2014

The major components of tea may be significantly influenced according to the type of fermentation, and consequently the effects of different teas will differ. We examined whether green tea fermented with Aquilariae Lignum (fGT) shows a stronger anti-diabetic effect than unfermented green tea (GT) on mice with type 2 diabetes. To evaluate the anti-obesity effect of fGT, we assessed body weight, fecal excretion, serum leptin levels, exocrine pancreatic zymogen granule contents, and periovarian fat weight and adiponectin contents. Blood glucose levels, pancreatic weight, and numbers of pancreatic islet insulin- and glucagon-producing cells were determined to evaluate anti-hypoglycemic effects, while total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low- and high-density lipoprotein levels were determined to evaluate anti-hyperlipidemic effects. The antioxidant effect of fGT was detected by measuring malondialdehyde and glutathione contents and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. fGT showed anti-obesity, anti-hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemia, and antioxidant effects. Additionally, fGT exerted stronger anti-diabetic effects compared with GT. Collectively, these results suggested that fGT fermented with the appropriate amounts of Aquilariae Lignum (49:1) has a stronger effect compared with GT. Thus, fGT is a promising and potent new therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes.
Effect of Sucrose Concentration on Sucrose-Dependent Adhesion and Glucosyltransferase Expression of S. mutans in Children with Severe Early-Childhood Caries (S-ECC)
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Wenqing , Lin Jiacheng , Chen Zhuoyu , Yu Dongsheng
Published: September 2014

Sucrose, extracellular polysaccharide, and glucosyltransferases (GTFs) are key factors in sucrose-dependent adhesion and play important roles in the process of severe early-childhood caries (S-ECC). However, whether sucrose concentration regulates gtf expression, extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, and sucrose-dependent adhesion is related to the different genotypes of S. mutans isolated from ECC in children and still needs to be investigated. In this study, 52 strains of S. mutans were isolated from children with S-ECC and caries-free (CF) children. Water-insoluble glucan (WIG) synthesis was detected by the anthrone method, adhesion capacity by the turbidimetric method, and expression of gtf by RT-PCR in an in vitro model containing 1%–20% sucrose. The genotypes of S. mutans were analyzed by AP-PCR. The results showed that WIG synthesis, adhesion capacity, and gtf expression increased significantly when the sucrose concentration was from 1% to 10%. WIG synthesis and gtfB as well as gtfC expression of the 1% and 5% groups were significantly lower than those of the 10% and 20% groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the 10% and 20% groups. The fingerprints of S. mutans detected from individuals in the S-ECC group exhibited a significant difference in diversity compared with those from CF individuals (p < 0.05). Further, the expression of gtfB and gtfC in the S-ECC group was significantly different among the 1- to 5-genotype groups (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that sucrose-dependent adhesion might be related to the diversity of genotypes of S. mutans, and the 10% sucrose level can be seen as a “turning point” and essential factor for the prevention of S-ECC.
Development of an Air Pneumatic Suspension System for Transtibial Prostheses
Authors: Pirouzi Gholamhossein , Abu Osman Noor Azuan , Oshkour Azim , Ali Sadeeq , Gholizadeh Hossein , Wan Abas Wan
Published: September 2014

The suspension system and socket fitting of artificial limbs have major roles and vital effects on the comfort, mobility, and satisfaction of amputees. This paper introduces a new pneumatic suspension system that overcomes the drawbacks of current suspension systems in donning and doffing, change in volume during daily activities, and pressure distribution in the socket-stump interface. An air pneumatic suspension system (APSS) for total-contact sockets was designed and developed. Pistoning and pressure distribution in the socket-stump interface were tested for the new APSS. More than 95% of the area between each prosthetic socket and liner was measured using a Tekscan F-Scan pressure measurement which has developed matrix-based pressure sensing systems. The variance in pressure around the stump was 8.76 kPa. APSS exhibits less pressure concentration around the stump, improved pressure distribution, easy donning and doffing, adjustability to remain fitted to the socket during daily activities, and more adaptability to the changes in stump volume. The volume changes were adjusted by utility of air pressure sensor. The vertical displacement point and reliability of suspension were assessed using a photographic method. The optimum pressure in every level of loading weight was 55 kPa, and the maximum displacement was 6 mm when 90 N of weight was loaded.
Biodiversity Conservation in Rice Paddies in China: Toward Ecological Sustainability
Authors: Luo Yufeng , Fu Haolong , Traore Seydou
Published: September 2014

Rice paddies are artificial wetlands that supply people with food and provide wildlife with habitats, breeding areas, shelters, feeding grounds and other services, and rice paddies play an important part in agricultural ecological systems. However, modern agricultural practices with large-scale intensive farming have significantly accelerated the homogenization of the paddy field ecosystem. Modern agriculture mostly relies on chemically-driven modern varieties and irrigation to ensure high production, resulting in the deterioration and imbalance of the ecosystem. Consequently, outbreaks of diseases, insects and weeds have become more frequent in paddy fields. This paper describes the current situation of rice paddy biodiversity in China and analyzes the community characteristics of arthropods and weedy plants. Meanwhile, we discuss how biodiversity was affected by modern agriculture changes, which have brought about a mounting crisis threatening to animals and plants once common in rice paddies. Measures should be focused to firstly preventing further deterioration and, then, also, promoting restoration processes. Ecological sustainability can be achieved by restoring paddy field biodiversity through protecting the ecological environment surrounding the paddy fields, improving paddy cropping patterns, growing rice with less agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizers, constructing paddy systems with animals and plants and promoting ecological education and public awareness.
Application of Hydrogen Peroxide to the Control of Eutrophic Lake Systems in Laboratory Assays
Authors: Bauzá Letizia , Aguilera Anabella , Echenique Ricardo , Andrinolo Darío , Giannuzzi Leda
Published: September 2014

We exposed water samples from a recreational lake dominated by the cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). An addition of 0.33 mg·L−1 of H2O2 was the lowest effective dose for the decay of chlorophyll-a concentration to half of the original in 14 h with light and 17 h in experiments without light. With 3.33 mg·L−1 of H2O2, the values of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased to half at 36 and 126 h in experiments performed with and without light, respectively. With increasing H2O2, there is a decrease in the total and faecal coliform, and this effect was made more pronounced by light. Total and faecal coliform were inhibited completely 48 h after addition of 3.33 mg·L−1 H2O2. Although the densities of cyanobacterial cells exposed to H2O2 did not decrease, transmission electron microscope observation of the trichomes showed several stages of degeneration, and the cells were collapsed after 48 h of 3.33 mg·L−1 of H2O2 addition in the presence of light. Our results demonstrate that H2O2 could be potentially used in hypertrophic systems because it not only collapses cyanobacterial cells and coliform bacteria but may also reduce chlorophyll-a content and chemical oxygen demand.
Effects of Vessels on Harbor Seals in Glacier Bay National Park
Authors: Young Colleen , Gende Scott M. , Harvey James T.
Published: September 2014

We evaluated the effectiveness of harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)-related vessel regulations in Glacier Bay National Park. We observed 100% compliance with area closures intended to minimize disturbance to dependent pups, yet dependent pups were still present in the inlet after
the area was opened to vessels. Compliance with the 463 meter (m) minimum approach distance regulation by vessels was low (22%), although 33% of vessel–seal encounters resulted in disturbance when vessels were still >463 m from seals. Ice cover was the best predictor of disturbance.
Our results indicated that vessel regulations might be variably effective due to biological irrelevance, noncompliance, or environmental factors. MPA regulations should be evaluated to ensure achievement of conservation objectives.
Exploring Tourism As a Potential Development Strategy for an Artisanal Fishing Community in the Philippines: The Case of Barangay Victory in Bolinao
Authors: Porter Brooke A. , Orams Mark B.
Published: September 2014

Development strategies for remote artisanal fishing communities in the less developed world often promote tourism as an alternative livelihood. However, little is known regarding the perspectives of fisherfolk in these communities on tourism as a potential livelihood. Furthermore, there
is a paucity of research into fisherfolks' understanding of tourism, how they identify their roles for potential involvement in tourism, and their desire to be “developed.” This article reports on a case study of Barangay Victory, a remote fishing-based community in the Bolinao
region of the Philippines. Twenty-one face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted with community members. Methods were grounded within participatory action research and phenomenological inquiry. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Using a deductive approach, data sets were
manually coded and a thematic analysis was conducted. Results demonstrate that residents rely heavily upon marine resources but, despite a reported declining fishery, the majority of fisherfolk remain satisfied with fishing as an occupation. Furthermore, although respondents stated a general
willingness to engage in tourism development, the understanding of tourism (both the term itself and its potential role as a livelihood) was minimal. Thus, when considering the potential of tourism as a development strategy, though participant responses were positive, the results from this
study have been interpreted as a yes that means a no. This lack of understanding of tourism as well as the expressed contentment with fishing as an occupation needs to be carefully considered when development strategies propose a livelihood shift towards tourism.
Characteristics of Professional Scuba Dive Guides
Authors: Andy Linda , Lee Re-Yang , Tzeng Gwo-Hshiung
Published: September 2014

Because of the increasing number of scuba divers worldwide, satisfaction and safety issues are crucial for success in the tourism industry. This study established characteristics of scuba diving guides to achieve diver safety along with the environmental impact concerns related to this
activity. A hybrid MCDM model was used to address dependent relationships among a set of criteria. Preferences of divers towards dive guides can be calculated using ANP and DEMATEL to determine the relative weights of each criterion. The result shows that diving skill is the crucial factor
for professional dive guides, including the skill in leading dives and managing problems.
The Experiences of Summer Visitors to Cape Rodney–Okakari Point (Goat Island) Marine Reserve, Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Race Sharon M. , Orams Mark B.
Published: September 2014

Cape Rodney–Okakari Point (Goat Island) Marine Reserve, established in 1975, is New Zealand's oldest and most visited marine protected area (MPA). This study reports on the experiences of its visitors. A self-reply questionnaire (n=305) using the real-time satisfaction
(RTS) measurement was utilized to investigate peak summer visitors' activities, satisfaction levels, and knowledge of marine protection. Results revealed a diversity of visitors who primarily identify the reserve as a place to “swim with the fish.” Visitors were mostly satisfied,
but were dissatisfied with a number of aspects, primarily overcrowding and the lack of parking. Results indicated there is support for stronger managerial approaches to limit visitor numbers and restrict activities such as commercial tourism.
A new Neoplatyura Malloch from Finland (Diptera, Keroplatidae)
Authors: Salmela Jukka , Suuronen Anna
Published: September 2014

The genus Neoplatyura Malloch is globally represented by 50 species, of which four are European species. In this article a new European Neoplatyura from Finland is described. The new species, Neoplatyura noorae Salmela, sp. n. is a dark brown species with tibial bristles arranged in rows. The new species is here reported from seven localities in Finnish Lapland. Based on available data, the new species occurs in mires, especially in calcareous rich fens.
Elemente einer politischen Philosophie bei Albertus Magnus und ihre Bedeutung für die politische Philosophie des Thomas von Aquin
Authors: Pierpauli José Ricardo
Published: September 2014

Résumé L’auteur présente une triple conception de la politique dans l’œuvre d’Albert : 1. la politique comme science pratique, 2. la politique comme activité de gouvernement et 3. la politique comme agir de l’individu. Cette conception permet de systématiser l’ensemble des thèses philosophico-politiques d’Albert pour les replacer ensuite dans leur signification pour la philosophie politique de Thomas d’Aquin.
Le réalisme propositionnel de Walter Burley
Authors: Cesalli Laurent
Published: September 2014

Résumé Le présent article propose une étude « génétique » de la théorie de la proposition de Walter Burley. La notion de propositio in re y est considérée d’un point de vue interne, en relation avec la théorie augustinienne de la visio et en comparaison avec le Sachverhalt de la philosophie moderne. Il en résulte que l’expression ‘ propositio in re ’ ne renvoie à aucune entité clairement définissable. Elle est plutôt le symptôme de l’intention fondamentale de Burley : doter toute proposition vraie d’un corrélat objectif.
Wyclif's Latin Sermons : Questions of Form, Date and Audience
Authors: Hudson Anne
Published: September 2014

Résumé Le théologien radical anglais du Moyen-Age tardif Jean Wyclif a laissé de nombreux sermons. Bien qu’édités par Loserth pour la Wyclif Society, ils n’ont pas fait l’objet d’autant d’études que ses autres écrits philosophiques ou théologiques. Cet article veut analyser les manuscrits qui conservent les sermons et comment ils les classent, la date de ceux-ci et le public auquel ils étaient destinés.
Baruch secundum Decanum Salesburiensem : Text and Introduction to the Earliest Latin Commentary on Baruch
Authors: Sulavik O.P. Athanasius
Published: September 2014

Résumé La Glossa super Baruch , composée à Paris à la fin du xii e s. ou au début du xiii e  s., est le plus ancien commentaire latin connu sur le livre de Baruch et a servi de source principale au commentaire d’Hugues de Saint-Cher sur ce livre. Il est attribué à un ‘doyen de Salisbury’, maître vraisemblablement issu de l’école biblique morale d’Étienne Langton, qui pourrait être soit Richard Poore, soit Thomas Chobham.
La coordination gérontologique
Authors: Colvez Alain , Gay Marie , Blanchard Nathalie , Fages Dominique
Published: September 2014

La conjonction du vieillissement de la population et de la croissance des maladies chroniques invalidantes impose de revoir complètement les logiques de la prise en charge. De nouveaux modes de pratiques doivent êtres initiés qui concernent autant les acteurs sociaux que médicaux. Parmi les essais de travail en réseau, la coordination gérontologique est sans doute celui qui est le plus proche d’être opérationnel à grande échelle. Il faut le voir comme le premier «grand chantier» d’une indispensable réforme en profondeur de notre système de santé.
Les dispositifs locaux de coordination
Authors: Dherbey Brigitte , Jurdan Christine
Published: September 2014

La coordination gérontologique est une pratique encore marginale mais ancienne; elle a fait ses preuves et le programme des CLIC prévoit sa généralisation sur cinq ans. Si la pertinence de ces dispositifs locaux fait aujourd’hui consensus, leur positionnement, leurs missions, les principes qui sous tendent leur organisation restent à définir et ce d’autant plus que la mise en place de l’APA les fragilise. Cet article réaffirme avec force que les coordinations gérontologiques constituent un des moyens les plus sûrs de prendre en compte les attentes des personnes et d’organiser des réponses qui privilégient l’approche globale et territoriale.
Les centres locaux d'information et de coordination (clic)
Authors: Bussière Caroline
Published: September 2014

La mise en place des centres locaux d’information et de coordination (CLIC) initiée de façon expérimentale en 2000 est fondée sur une démarche partenariale locale associant les représentants de l’Etat et du département. Cette logique de partenariat se traduit par une décision de labellisation conjointe des coordinations retenues et s’accompagne d’un co-financement. La démarche est pragmatique: elle s’appuie sur l’existant et vise à soutenir, à promouvoir et à développer des coordinations locales en vue du maillage du territoire national d’un millier de ces coordinations à échéance 2005. Le CLIC a vocation à répondre aux attentes des personnes âgées et de leurs familles et à les accompagner dans leur projet. Il doit susciter la collaboration de l’ensemble des professionnels ayant vocation à intervenir auprès de ces personnes. Le CLIC bénéficie depuis les lois du 20 juillet 2001 instituant l’allocation personnalisée d’autonomie et du 2 janvier 2002 rénovant l’action sociale et médico sociale d’une assise légale.
La collaboration ville-hôpital, de la filière au réseau gérontologique : éviter une hospitalisation non justifiée ou réussir une sortie difficile
Authors: Fournier Patrick
Published: September 2014

Avec le vieillissement de la population et l’arrivée des pathologies du grand âge, le recours à l’hôpital est plus fréquent. Il faut éviter au maximum les entrées catastrophes par les urgences. La filière de soins hospitalière doit développer des alternatives plus satisfaisantes et moins traumatisantes: consultation d’évaluation, hôpital de jour, hospitalisation programmée, etc... La collaboration ville-hôpital passe par des moyens de communication pour transmettre des données médicales, sociales et environnementales. Ce partenariat est favorisé par les réseaux et doit permettre de limiter les hospitalisations injustifiées, de réussir les sorties difficiles et d’améliorer l’état de santé de la population âgée par la transmission d’un savoir-faire gériatrique.
Le rôle des passages « par » l'acte dans l'élaboration du trauma somatopsychique
Authors: Boucherat-Hue Valérie
Published: September 2014

Cet article s’intéresse aux psychopathologies dites « périnévrotiques » à partir de la clinique de l’installation et de la transformation du fantasme originaire dans le processus de la cure chez une patiente plus (péri) névrosée que (psycho) névrosée. Les périnévroses se singularisent par le maintien d’un secteur de névrose infantile non transformé et toujours agissant qui a entravé la structuration de l’organisateur génital pubertaire. Les périnévroses se distinguent des états-limites car elles portent les traces de la traversée triangulée de l’Œdipe infantile. Dans cette conception, le périnévrotique peut évoluer, avec une prise en charge psychanalytique ajustée aux caractéristiques corporopsychiques de ces patients « aux limites de la névrose », vers la structuration psychonévrotique classique.
Enjeux du narcissisme et du double dans la clinique traumatique chez Frida Kahlo
Authors: Mazoyer Anne-Valérie
Published: September 2014

Les productions artistiques de Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) illustrent un art convoqué comme moyen de survivance face à la déchéance du corps. Son exemple nous permet aussi d’aborder les suppléances face à l’effroi et à la sidération générés par divers événements traumatiques ayant valeur de confrontation avec la mort : maladie, grave accident dont elle sort miraculeusement vivante, trahisons, abandons, stérilité. Cette artiste mexicaine participe à une déconstruction de l’idéalisation du corps féminin, comme expression du beau et destiné à être contemplé. L’exhibition masochiste de ses souffrances tant physiques qu’affectives – où les trous et la peau arrachée l’emportent sur la surface – contribue à l’érotisation de la douleur et signe une tentative d’intégration des traumas et de leur répétition. Ce détour par la création artistique nous permet également d’interroger l’intérêt des médiations à visée de création chez les sujets ayant subi des traumas. Le cadre des ateliers se réclamant de l’art-thérapie fait fonction d’enveloppe contenante où le sujet peut faire l’expérience de la régression sans désorganisation et confère une représentation (graphique, picturale, kinesthésique) au vécu sensoriel et psychique.
Production and Differentiation of Myeloid Cells Driven by Proinflammatory Cytokines in Response to Acute Pneumovirus Infection in Mice
Authors: Maltby Steven , Hansbro Nicole G. , Tay Hock L. , Stewart Jessica , Plank Maximilian , Donges Bianca , Rosenberg Helene F. , Foster Paul S.
Published: September 2014

Respiratory virus infections are often pathogenic, driving severe inflammatory responses. Most research has focused on localized effects of virus infection and inflammation. However, infection can induce broad-reaching, systemic changes that are only beginning to be characterized. In this study, we assessed the impact of acute pneumovirus infection in C57BL/6 mice on bone marrow hematopoiesis. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokine production in the lung upregulates myeloid cell production in response to infection. We demonstrate a dramatic increase in the percentages of circulating myeloid cells, which is associated with pronounced elevations in inflammatory cytokines in serum (IFN-γ, IL-6, CCL2), bone (TNF-α), and lung tissue (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, CCL2, CCL3, G-CSF, osteopontin). Increased hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell percentages (Lineage−Sca-I+c-kit+) were also detected in the bone marrow. This increase was accompanied by an increase in the proportions of committed myeloid progenitors, as determined by colony-forming unit assays. However, no functional changes in hematopoietic stem cells occurred, as assessed by competitive bone marrow reconstitution. Systemic administration of neutralizing Abs to either TNF-α or IFN-γ blocked expansion of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and also limited virus clearance from the lung. These findings suggest that acute inflammatory cytokines drive production and differentiation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow by inducing differentiation of committed myeloid progenitors. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms via which innate immune responses regulate myeloid cell progenitor numbers in response to acute respiratory virus infection.
Effective Youth Ministry: Embracing a family-orientated approach
Authors: Strong Philippa
Published: September 2014

This article embraces the Sola Scriptura approach of the reformed theology. Firstly, the article focuses on the crisis in Youth Ministry, namely its inefficiency in leading young people to Christian maturity. It addressed one of the contributing factors to the crisis: the isolation of youth from the adult world, and particularly from their own parents and the larger church community. From the Sola Scripturaprinciple, a family-orientated approach to effective Youth Ministry is proposed where parents are expected to take responsibility for their children’s spiritual growth. The church should then support parents and families in this process. Different role players in a family-orientated Youth Ministry are identified and some new perceptions regarding their different tasks are proposed.Effektiewe Jeugbediening: Omhelsing van ’n familie-georiënteerde benadering. Hierdie artikel ondersteun die Sola Scriptura-benadering van die reformatoriese teologie. Aanvanklik fokus die artikel op die huidige krisis in Jeugbediening, naamlik dat Jeugbediening nie effektief toegepas word om jongmense tot volwasse Christenskap te lei nie. Dit bespreek een van die bydraende faktore tot hierdie krisis: die jeug se isolasie van die volwasse wêreld − spesifiek van hulle eie ouers en die groter kerkgemeenskap. Vanuit ’n Sola Scriptura-benadering word ’n familie-geörienteerde benadering tot effektiewe Jeugbediening waar dit van ouers verwag word om verantwoordelikheid vir hulle kinders se geestelike groei te neem, as uitkoms voorgestel. Die kerk behoort dan ouers en families in hierdie proses te ondersteun. Verskillende rolspelers in familie-georiënteerde Jeugbediening word geïdentifiseer en ’n paar nuwe insigte aangaande hulle verskillende take word voorgestel.
Artikel 2 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis as geloofsvooronderstelling in die gesprek tussen wetenskap en geloof
Authors: Erasmus Jan A.
Published: September 2014

Artikel 2 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis bely dat God deur twee middele geken word, te wete deur middel van die skepping, onderhouding en regering van die wêreld (waaronder die wetenskap) en deur die heilige en goddelike Woord (die Bybel). Hierdie belydenis is van groot belang vir die gesprek tussen Wetenskap en Teologie. In hierdie artikel word gepoog om die verskille, maar ook die ooreenkomste tussen hierdie twee middele van openbaring uit te lig, elkeen tot sy reg te laat kom, maar hulle ook in balans met mekaar te stel. Die wyse waarop te werk gegaan word, is die volgende: eers word gestel wat vooronderstellings is, asook die plek wat vooronderstellings in die beoefening van wetenskap sowel as geloof inneem. Daarna word nagevors watter perspektiewe artikel 2 van die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis as geloofsvooronderstelling vir die wetenskaps- en teologiebeoefening respektiewelik bied. Hieruit word ’n aantal gevolgtrekkings gemaak wat kan help om die problematiek in die wetenskap-geloofsgesprek op te los. Die kernbevinding van hierdie artikel is die volgende: Vanweë die verskil in die aard en die doel tussen Bybelfeite en wetenskaplike navorsingsresultate kan en sal klaarblyklike harmonieprobleme tussen die Skrif en die wetenskap ontstaan. Hierdie is egter slegs klaarblyklike probleme, omdat ’n verrekening van die verskil in die aard en die bedoeling van die wetenskapresultate en die Bybelfeite hierdie probleem sal oplos.Article 2 of the Belgic Confession as faith presupposition in the science-faith debate. Article 2 of the Belgic Confession confesses that God can be known by two means: firstly by studying the creation, preservation and government of the universe (i.e. science) and secondly by studying the Word of God (the Bible). This confession is very important for the discussion between science and faith. In this article the similarities, but also the differences between these two means of revelation are researched. The aim is to set them in balance and in order to let each one come to its own right. The way the research is done is as follows: In the first place the role of presuppositions in both science and faith are determined. Secondly research is done on the perspectives obtained for both science and faith when Article 2 of the Belgic Confession is taken as a faith presupposition. Finally conclusions are made in helping to resolve the differences in the science-faith debate. The main finding is that harmony problems between facts from the Bible and scientific results will occur because of the difference in nature and meaning between these two entities. However, when the set difference in nature and meaning are taken into account, these problems can be resolved.
Two genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus are responsible for serological variation in KwaZulu-Natal poultry flocks prior to 2012
Authors: Knoetze Adrian D. , Moodley Niloshni , Abolnik Celia
Published: September 2014

This study describes the isolation, serotyping and genotyping of 54 infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) cases predominantly in KwaZulu-Natal and compared to several isolates from other South African provinces between 2011 and 2012 and several historic isolates. The results indicate the division of isolates into two different genotypes of IBV within the province, Massachusetts (Mass)-like and QX-like. The IBV Mass-like genotype was the most prevalent and was detected in 79% of the full spike protein S1 gene sequences. Variation up to 22.3% was detected within local Mass-type strains, supporting the hypothesis that multiple IBV serotypes may co-circulate in the same region simultaneously. Additionally, more conservation was observed amongst Mass serotypes versus QX-like serotypes, implying that vaccine use can influence the variability within the IBV population; this is deduced from the fact that the only live vaccine registered for use in South Africa at the time of the study was of Mass origin and no QX-like vaccines were available for use. This study offers the first published consolidation of IBV isolates from an area of South Africa and identifies variation within the IBV population of the broiler flock within the study area over a 2-year period.
Impact of Treatment Time on the Survival of Patients Suffering from Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Piromchai Patorn , Thanaviratananich Sanguansak
Published: September 2014

Background

Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is an uncommon disease with high mortality rates. There is currently no consensus on the best treatment timing. We studied the impact of the treatment timing on the survival of patients experiencing invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of patients suffering from invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. The duration of symptoms, clinical presentations, clinical signs, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes were collected.

Results

It was observed that more than 70% of the mortalities occurred within the subgroup of patients who exhibited symptoms of the disease within 14 days before admission. After adjusting for the confounders, the time taken to treat the patients was the most statistically significant predictor for mortality ( P = 0.045). We found no significant relationships between mortality and its significant covariates, which included the underlying diseases ( P = 0.91) or complications ( P = 0.55).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that the time taken to treat the patients is an important determinant for the survival of patients who are afflicted with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. The appropriate treatments should be administered within 14 days from the time the symptoms begin to manifest.
Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Rural Southwestern Haiti: The Grand'Anse Women's Health Study
Authors: Jobe Kathleen A. , Downey Robert F. , Hammar Donna , Van Slyke Lori , Schmidt Terri A.
Published: September 2014

The study attempts to define socioeconomic, clinical, and laboratory correlates in vaginitis and other sexually transmitted infections in rural southwestern Haiti. A convenience sample of subjects recruited from a rural women's health clinic and attending an established clinic at the Haitian Health Foundation (HHF) clinic was studied. A standardized history and physical examination, including speculum examination, and collection of blood, urine, and vaginal swabs were obtained from the women at the rural clinic. Additional vaginal swab samples only for Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) testing were obtained from women at the HHF clinic in Jérémie. Laboratory results from Leon subjects were positive for Gardnerella vaginalis in 41% (41 of 100), Trichomonas vaginalis in 13.5% (14 of 104), Candida sp. in 9% (9 of 100), Mycoplasma genitalium in 6.7% (7 of 104), Chlamydia trachomatis in 1.9% (2 of 104), and Neisseria gonorrhea in 1% (1 of 104) of patients. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests were negative in 100% (103 of 103) of patients, and syphilis antibody testing was positive for treponemal antibodies in 7.7% (8 of 104) patients. For subjects from the HHF, 19.9% were positive for T. vaginalis, 11.9% were positive for C. trachomatis, 10.1% were positive for M. genitalium, and 4.1% were positive for N. gonorrhea. Infections with G. vaginalis, T. vaginalis, and Candida were the most common. N. gonorrhea, C. trachomatis, Candida sp., T. vaginalis, and M. genitalium infections were associated with younger age (less than 31 years old).
Short-Term Global Health Education Programs Abroad: Disease Patterns Observed in Haitian Migrant Worker Communities Around La Romana, Dominican Republic
Authors: Ferrara Brian J. , Townsley Elizabeth , MacKay Christopher R. , Lin Henry C. , Loh Lawrence C.
Published: September 2014

The possibility of encountering rare tropical disease presentations is commonly described as a benefit derived by developed world medical trainees participating in clinical service-oriented short-term global health experiences in the developing world. This study describes the health status of a population served by a short-term experience conducted by a North American institute, and the results of a retrospective review are used to identify commonly encountered diseases and discuss their potential educational value. Descriptive analysis was conducted on 1,024 encounter records collected over four unique 1-week-long trips by a North American institution serving Haitian migrant workers in La Romana, Dominican Republic. The top five diagnoses seen in the clinic were gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hypertension (HTN), upper respiratory infections, otitis media, and fungal skin infection. On occasion, diagnoses unique to an indigent tropical population were encountered (e.g., dehydration, malnutrition, parasites, and infections.). These findings suggest a similarity between frequently encountered diagnoses on a short-term clinical service trip in Dominican Republic and primary care presentations in developed world settings, which challenges the assumption that short-term service experiences provide exposure to rare tropical disease presentations. These findings also represent additional data that can be used to better understand the health and healthcare planning among this vulnerable population of Haitian migrant workers.
Trends, Productivity Losses, and Associated Medical Conditions Among Toxoplasmosis Deaths in the United States, 2000–2010
Authors: Cummings Patricia L. , Kuo Tony , Javanbakht Marjan , Sorvillo Frank
Published: September 2014

Few studies have quantified toxoplasmosis mortality, associated medical conditions, and productivity losses in the United States. We examined national multiple cause of death data and estimated productivity losses caused by toxoplasmosis during 2000–2010. A matched case–control analysis examined associations between comorbid medical conditions and toxoplasmosis deaths. In total, 789 toxoplasmosis deaths were identified during the 11-year study period. Blacks and Hispanics had the highest toxoplasmosis mortality compared with whites. Several medical conditions were associated with toxoplasmosis deaths, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lymphoma, leukemia, and connective tissue disorders. The number of toxoplasmosis deaths with an HIV codiagnosis declined from 2000 to 2010; the numbers without such a codiagnosis remained static. Cumulative disease-related productivity losses for the 11-year period were nearly $815 million. Although toxoplasmosis mortality has declined in the last decade, the infection remains costly and is an important cause of preventable death among non-HIV subgroups.
Chagas Disease Awareness Among Latin American Immigrants Living in Los Angeles, California
Authors: Sanchez Daniel R. , Traina Mahmoud I. , Hernandez Salvador , Smer Aiman M. , Khamag Haneen , Meymandi Sheba K.
Published: September 2014

Approximately 300,000 persons have Chagas disease in the United States, although almost all persons acquired the disease in Latin America. We examined awareness of Chagas disease among Latin American immigrants living in Los Angeles, California. We surveyed 2,677 persons (age range = 18–60 years) in Los Angeles who resided in Latin America for at least six months. A total of 62% of the participants recalled seeing triatomines in Latin America, and 27% of the participants reported triatomine bites at least once per year while living abroad. A total of 86% of the participants had never heard of Chagas disease. Of persons who had heard of Chagas disease, 81% believed that it was not serious. More than 95% of those who had heard of Chagas disease would want to be tested and treated. Most Latin American immigrants living in Los Angeles recalled exposure to vectors of Chagas disease. However, they have little knowledge of this disease. Increasing awareness of Chagas disease is needed in this high-risk population.
Community Coverage with Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Nets and Observed Associations with All-Cause Child Mortality and Malaria Parasite Infections
Authors: Larsen David A. , Hutchinson Paul , Bennett Adam , Yukich Joshua , Anglewicz Philip , Keating Joseph , Eisele Thomas P.
Published: September 2014

Randomized trials and mathematical modeling suggest that insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) provide community-level protection to both those using ITNs and those without individual access. Using nationally representative household survey datasets from 17 African countries, we examined whether community ITN coverage is associated with malaria infections in children < 5 years old and all-cause child mortality (ACCM) among children < 5 years old in households with one or more ITNs versus without any type of mosquito net (treated or untreated). Increasing ITN coverage (> 50%) was protective against malaria infections and ACCM for children in households with an ITN, although this protection was not conferred to children in households without ITNs in these data. Children in households with ITNs were protected against malaria infections and ACCM with ITN coverage > 30%, but this protection was not significant with ITN coverage < 30%. Results suggest that ITNs are more effective with higher ITN coverage.