bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ШАРІВ НЕЙРОННОЇ МЕРЕЖІ LSTM ДЛЯ ЗАДАЧІ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ЕМОЦІЙ НА ОБЛИЧЧІ ЛЮДИНИ
Authors: Вітковський В. Б. , Потапова К. Р. , Мартинова О. П.
Published: December 2024

У статті детально досліджено ефективність використання шарів нейронної моделі довготривалої короткочасної пам'яті (LSTM) для вирішення завдання класифікації емоцій на зображеннях людських облич. Особливу увагу приділено порівнянню результатів двох моделей: стандартної згорткової нейронної мережі (CNN) та гібридної моделі, яка включає шари LSTM. Отримані результати дослідження продемонстрували, що, хоча на чистих даних CNN трохи перевершує LSTM за основними метриками якості, в умовах підвищеного рівня шуму LSTM значно перевершує CNN за продуктивністю. Це особливо важливо для завдань, пов'язаних із розпізнаванням емоцій у реальних умовах, де присутність шуму є звичайним явищем і може впливати на точність системи. Крім того, було виявлено, що LSTM має переваги не лише у стійкості до шуму, але й у швидкості обробки даних та меншій кількості параметрів, що робить її значно ефективнішою з точки зору використання обчислювальних ресурсів. Також у статті розглядається можливість застосування LSTM для прогнозування змін емоційних станів, що відкриває нові перспективи для аналізу динаміки емоцій. Це може мати вагоме значення для побудови майбутніх емоційно-орієнтованих систем, де важлива не тільки точність розпізнавання, але й здатність передбачати зміни в емоціях користувача. Для навчання моделей використовувався датасет FER2013, який містить зображення емоцій семи різних категорій, що забезпечує комплексний підхід до оцінки моделей. Дослідження робить акцент на практичному потенціалі LSTM для використання в реальних системах розпізнавання емоцій, де такі фактори, як вплив шуму, швидкість обробки та обчислювальна ефективність, мають вирішальне значення для надійності та продуктивності. Використання LSTM у таких системах дозволяє створювати більш адаптивні рішення, здатні до високоточного розпізнавання та передбачення емоційних станів користувачів.
ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ІНТЕРФЕЙСІВ ДОДАТКІВ З УРАХУВАННЯМ ПОВЕДІНКИ КОРИСТУВАЧІВ
Authors: Гамор I. M. , Новіков Ю. Л. , Поперешняк С. В.
Published: December 2024

У статті розглядаються підходи до покращення якості інтерфейсів додатків з урахуванням поведінкових особливостей користувачів. Основна увага приділяється аналізу критеріїв якості інтерфейсів додатків. У роботі розглянуто основні критерії, які визначають якість інтерфейсів (зручність використання, залученість, продуктивність, доступність та візуальна привабливість) і їх вплив на користувацький досвід. Загальний досвід користувача залежить від поєднання цих критеріїв. Оптимізація інтерфейсів має враховувати всі ці критерії разом. В роботі побудовано математичну модель вдосконалення інтерфейсів додатків, яка базується на аналізі поведінки користувачів і враховує їхні реальні потреби. Ця математична модель дозволяє аналізувати та покращувати якість інтерфейсів додатків, враховуючи поведінкові особливості користувачів. Особливу увагу приділено оцінці ефективності запропонованих рішень. Було наведено способи тестування запропонованих змін та оцінка їх впливу на якість інтерфейсу та користувацький досвід через метрики залученості, задоволення та ефективності використання додатка. Для оцінки ефективності запропонованих змін в інтерфейсі додатка важливо провести тестування та аналіз на основі ключових метрик, які вимірюють залученість користувачів, їхнє задоволення та ефективність використання додатка. На основі результатів дослідження сформульовано практичні рекомендації для дизайнерів та розробників щодо покращення інтерфейсів додатків з урахуванням поведінкових особливостей користувачів. Ці рекомендації зосереджені на ключових аспектах зручності, залученості, продуктивності та доступності, з урахуванням реальних патернів поведінки користувачів. Оптимізація інтерфейсу повинна бути безперервним процесом, який враховує як поведінкові патерни користувачів, так і зворотний зв'язок. Покращення інтерфейсів додатків з використанням поведінкових даних відкриває значні перспективи для розробників і користувачів, а подальші дослідження в цій галузі сприятимуть створенню ще більш інтерактивних та адаптивних цифрових продуктів.
NUGGET IKAN BAWAL UNTUK MENCEGAH STUNTING DI DESA SUKAMAJU KECAMATAN ABUNG TINGGI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG UTARA
Authors: Utami Vida Wira , Rosmiyati Rosmiyati , Naswati Wawat
Published: December 2024

Stunting merupakan salah satu bentuk gizi kurang yang ditandai dengan indikator tinggi badan menurut umur. Indikator TB/U memberikan indikasi masalah gizi yang sifatnya kronis sebagai akibat dari keadaan yang berlangsung lama.  Inovasi Pangan Lokal Pembuatan Nugget Ikan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk memenuhi kecukupan gizi masyarakat terutama kebutuhan protein harian yang bisa didapatkan dari pemanfaatan ikan bawal di desa Sukamaju Kec. Abung Tinggi Kabupaten Lampung. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mendukung diversifikasi pangan lokal dengan memanfaatkan potensi  ikan bawal dan meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya gizi dalam pertumbuhan anak-anak. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi observasi, wawancara, pelatihan pembuatan nugget ikan dan penyuluhan gizi kepada masyarakat. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan tentang gizi keluarga salah satunya dengan pemanfaatan budidaya ikan lokal. Kesimpulan: terdapat peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentinggingnya gizi dalam pertumbuhan anakanak dan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang cara pembuatan nugget ikan untuk mendukung diservasi pangan lokal. Agar pengabdian masyarakat dalam peningkatan inovasi-inovasi lainnya dapat dikembangkan sebagai upaya pencegahan stunting, baik untuk memberikan kesehatan dan peningkatan standar ekonomi kepada masyarakat sasaran, dan mendukung diversifikasi pangan lokal. Langkah selanjutnya adalah pemantauan dan evaluasi, serta perluasan program untuk mencapai dampak yang lebih luas dan berkelanjutan. Kata kunci : Stunting, Ikan Bawal
SOSIALISASI INOVASI GARDU BUMITA ( GERAKAN DAUN KELOR UNTUK IBU HAMIL TANPA ANEMIA) DI DESA SRIMULYO KECAMATAN BANDAR NEGERI SUOH KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT
Authors: Yuviska Ike Ate , Yuliasari Dewi , Fauziah Nikmatul
Published: December 2024

Anemia defisiensi besi pada ibu dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin saat kehamilan maupun setelahnya. Anemia adalah keadaan kadar hemoglobin dalam darah dibawah normal. Kadar hemoglobin <11 gr% pada trimester I dan III atau kadar < 10,5 gr% pada trimester II. Penyebabnya karena kurangnya zat gizi untuk pembentukan darah, seperti zat besi, asam folat, atau vitamin B12. kebijakan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kebutuhan gizi ibu hamil adalah dengan pemberian suplemen zat besi. Salah satu tanaman herbal yang dapat meningkatkan gizi ibu hamil dan kadar Hb adalah daun kelor. Daun kelor mengandung vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, kalsium, zat besi, dan protein dalam jumlah sangat tinggi yang mudah dicerna oleh tubuh manusia, hal ini dibuktikan pada penelitian yang menunjukkan perubahan peningkatan kadar hemoglobin. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang pembuatn puding daun kelor sebagai upaya dalam meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin ibu. Metode kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan memberikan edukasi/penyuluhan dan demonstrasi cara pembuatan puding daun kelor yang ditujukan kepada ibu hamil. Kegiatan berjalan dengan baik dan telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 30 Juni 2024 di PMB Desi Sumiati, S.Tr.Keb desa Sri Mulyo. Jumlah peserta yang hadir sebanyak 8 ibu hamil. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil setelah diberikan edukasi akan manfaat dari konsumsi olahan daun kelor. Diharapkan hasil inovasi ini dapat digunakan sebagai masukan bagi ibu hamil agar dapat mengetahui bagaimana cara membantu meningkatkan HB dalam darah dengan cara non farmakologi salah satunya dengan menggunakan puding daun kelor.Kata kunci : Anemia, Ibu hamil, daun kelor.
Innovation of Traditional Salt Pond by Enhancing Evaporation Rate using Coconut Coir Waste
Authors: Yani Setyawati , Yani Syamsuddin , Artiningsih Andi , Adawiah Rifani Rabiatul , Ramadhani Tarisa
Published: December 2024

National salt production capacity is dominated by smallholder salt production through the crystallization process in traditional salt ponds. One of the salt producing areas in South Sulawesi Province is located in Jeneponto Regency. Salt farmers in Jeneponto Regency produce salt through traditional salt ponds. Jeneponto Regency is also one of the main coconut producing areas. Coconut coir from the people's plantation industry is currently only used as fuel in small and medium home industries or is simply thrown away as waste. Coconut coir has the ability to absorb water. The aim of this research is to innovate the use of coconut coir waste to increase the surface area for water evaporation in traditional laboratory-scale salt ponds. This research was also carried out by conducting analysis on traditional ponds to study the factors that influence the salting process. Next, the salting process was carried out on a laboratory scale by making a replica of the traditional pond salting process which was equipped with the addition of coconut coir to increase the evaporation surface area. The results of the research show that the salting process in traditional salt ponds is greatly influenced by the season. The sun plays a very important role in the evaporation process in traditional salt ponds until salt crystals form in the ponds. Laboratory scale salt pond equipment shows that the use of coconut coir plays a very important role in speeding up the evaporation process and has the potential to increase salt production in traditional salt ponds.
An Investigation into the Digital Construction Progress Monitoring Models
Authors: Mazlum Salih Kaan , Sertyesilisik Begum
Published: December 2024

Construction exhibits relatively low efficiency and a modest annual productivity growth rate despite being one of the largest industries. As digitalizing the construction progress monitoring process and ensuring the objectivity of the obtained data is considered as a critical area for enhancing efficiency of the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry, AEC companies invest in resources to extract and report construction data obtained from the site. This paper examines digitalization efforts in construction progress monitoring, focusing particularly on studies proposing new monitoring models. Articles focusing on studies proposing a specific model for digitalization of progress monitoring was searched in databases. A framed literature review study is conducted, bibliometric analysis is performed via keywords and the Vosviewer tool and finally semantic and methodological variations of models studied. An in-depth analysis of these studies reveals that the proposed models fundamentally consist of four different elements defined as: data collection methods, data processing methodologies, the specific construction areas they focus on, and the primary input objects they address. All studies were examined and categorized under these four distinct headings and mapped accordingly. The relationships between the emerging methods and their frequency of preference were also analyzed. Both more frequently and less commonly employed approaches have been identified in the literature. Additionally, this paper highlights potential research areas on possible data collection and processing ways, specific construction areas and input sources to focus in the literature by emphasizing the existing relationships and correlations between the mentioned categories.
Educación distribuida y conectada.
Authors: Esteban Guitart Moisès , Iglesias Edgar , Jornet Alfredo , Bertran Àdam , Serrats Laura , Rodríguez Eva
Published: December 2024

En las últimas décadas, se ha enfatizado la necesidad de considerar la comunidad como ecosistema de aprendizaje más allá del encapsulamiento del aprendizaje en el contexto escolar. Se presenta en este artículo teórico el concepto de “Educación Distribuida y Conectada” (“Widespread Education”) en tanto que proyecto/actuación/experiencia educativa sostenida a lo largo del tiempo que supone una articulación de agentes, tiempos y espacios sociales, educativos y comunitarios a través de procesos de codiseño y cocreación. La experiencia de “Open Schooling” (“escuela abierta”) en Noruega, “Scuola Diffusa” (“escuela difusa”) en Reggio Emilia (Italia), el proyecto “Comms4learning” en Catalunya y Galiza, y el proyecto NEXES en Girona (Catalunya), inspirado en la visión y “alianza Educació 360-Educació a Temps Complet”, nos permiten ilustrar dicha noción. A la vez, se consideran una serie de dimensiones sociales (capital social, confianza mutua, cultura colaborativa-interdependencia), culturales (propósito y visión compartida, implicación en el ecosistema, intercambio de conocimientos, cambios organizacionales) y materiales (tiempo, infraestructura, sostenibilidad) de análisis que permiten caracterizar dichos proyectos/experiencias, así como delimitar el marco de la noción de educación distribuida y conectada. En todos los casos, se trata de actuaciones que suponen la vinculación del nivel formal, con un liderazgo pedagógico y ecológico-sistémico, la participación de otros agentes y espacios sociales y comunitarios no formales y/o informales, así como la implicación del nivel político local (ayuntamientos) a partir de programas específicos que permitan implementar y sostener dichas actuaciones que vinculan el currículum con elementos del territorio.
Pathogenesis and management of high molecular risk myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Ling Victoria Y. , Heidel Florian H. , Bywater Megan J.
Published: December 2024

Classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal stem cell disorders characterised by driver mutations that affect the constitutive activation of JAK-signalling. Additional mutations to an MPN-driver occur in a large number of patients and have been shown be associated with disease presentation and progression. In this review, we will outline the current hypotheses regarding how clonal evolution in MPN is thought to occur and the functional mechanisms as to how concomitant somatic mutations (i.e. mutations in genes other than the ‘driver’ genes) contribute to disease progression. We will discuss the definitions of high molecular risk MPN, provide an overview as to how concomitant mutations influence the clinical management of MPN and suggest how this rapidly developing genetic risk stratification can be utilised to improve clinical outcomes.
Assessment of electrophysiological mechanisms of ventricular ectopia in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
Authors: Salyamova L. F.
Published: December 2024

Relevance of the problem. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is one of the significant causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among young people. ARVD is characterized by premature ventricular ectopic contractions (PVCs) from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), which may occur before morphological changes appear and, in these cases, it is necessary to assess the risk of developing SCD based on an analysis of the electrophysiological mechanism of the development of PVCs. Purpose of the study. To evaluate the electrophysiological mechanisms of PVCs in patients with ARVD according to stress tests. Material and methods. We examined 13 patients with confirmed ARVD on MRI, including 9 men and 4 women, aged from 26 to 63 years (42.9±11.0). All patients underwent the following studies: standard electrocardiography (ECG), 24-hour ECG monitoring, echocardiography, cardiac MRI, treadmill stress test. During the stress test, at each load level, ventricular ectopy was analyzed (morphology, number of ventricular ectopic complexes), and the dependence of corrected QTc on heart rate was assessed. Results. According to the data obtained, the patients were divided into two groups depending on the response of PVCs to physical activity. The first group – patients in whom the number of PVCs increased during physical activity – stress-induced ventricular ectopy – 10 people (77%). The second group – patients in whom the number of PVCs decreased, or they disappeared at the peak of the load – stress-inhibited ventricular ectopy – 3 people (23%). All patients had a normal reaction of the QT interval to physical activity – its shortening in response to an increase in heart rate. Conclusions. ARVD is characterized by ventricular ectopia from the right ventricle outflow tract or bifocal ectopia from the right ventricle outflow tract and the right ventricle apex. The electrophysiological mechanisms of ventricular ectopia in ARVD are different: the mechanism of trigger activity and increased automaticity.
LANGUAGE CONTESTATION AT BOROBUDUR TEMPLE, THE WORLD’S LARGEST BUDDHIST TEMPLE
Authors: Lery  , Ketut Artawa  , Ketut Widya Purnawati  , I Wayan Suardiana
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore various types of public signs with different uses, designs, and materials to determine the contestation of local, national, and international languages in the Borobudur Temple area, particularly in relation to ideology and identity. Public signs were photographed on December 20, 2022. A total of 299 photos were analysed using linguistic landscape theories based on a qualitative descriptive method with techniques of quantification of qualitative data and interpretive descriptions. The results showed 28 types of signs. The most common public signs are of the Top-down type, with Indonesian being the most widely used language. This represents a solid national identity because Indonesian is the language of unity and the lingua franca of the entire Indonesian nation. English is the second most frequently used language at the Borobudur Temple, a well-known international tourist site. Other than Indonesian and English, Javanese language and script, which reflect local identities, are little used on public signs. The findings suggest that local language seems to be marginalised.
FLIPPED CLASSROOM METHODOLOGY TO IMPROVE ENGLISH WRITTEN COMPREHENSION IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Juan Rubio Antonio Daniel
Published: December 2024

Flipped classroom is a methodology which refers to the teaching process that reverses the way in which the contents of a subject are worked on. Several studies have shown that the flipped classroom methodology increases student participation and interaction with teachers. In this study, we analysed the degree of improvement in students’ English written comprehension after taking a subject in English for a semester using the flipped classroom methodology. A quantitative study was conducted using a written test both at the beginning (pre) and end (post) of the semester to find differences in the results obtained in both tests through direct observation. The study was conducted at a Spanish public university with students of the Early Childhood Education Degree during the last academic year. For the selection of the instrument, checking its external validity relationship, five experts conducted the validation process providing a quantitative assessment on a Likert scale following Lawshe’s content validity relationship model. Results showed a significant improvement in their written comprehension after the data was analysed using the JASP statistical programme. We could observe that the difference in the means obtained in each part of the test and in the overall standing is close to or exceeds the point difference.
RE-VISIT I*-SEQUENTIAL TOPOLOGY
Authors: Sabor Behmanush Hassina , Küçükaslan Mehmet
Published: December 2024

In this paper, I*-sequential topology is defined on a topological
space (X, τ) by considering any ideal I which is a family of subset of natural
numbers N. It has been proven that I∗-sequential topology is finer than
I-sequential topology. In connection with this fact, the notions I*-continuity
and I∗-sequential continuity are shown to be coincided in this topology. Additionally,
I*-sequential compactness and related notions are defined and investigated.
Discourse-pragmatic principles and their acquisition in childhood and adulthood
Authors: Hendriks Henriëtte
Published: December 2024

In this presentation, we will show how the developmental routes of children and adults differ, but not always in ways expected, and what explanations above and beyond mere linguistic ones, one might be able to suggest. These will contain issues regarding the focus on language learning, influence of the L1, statistical learning skills, cognitive flexibility, and others. Language acquisition typically starts with individual words and smaller constructions, but ultimately has to lead to the freedom to construct longer texts in which each of the smaller items has its place and is appropriately used. This skill, sometimes referred to as discourse-pragmatic skill has to be acquired by both children acquiring their L1 and adults acquiring an L2. The discourse-pragmatic organisation of texts abides by some very general universal principles, but is then expressed by language-specific means. This raises the question of L2 learners being advantaged because they will have acquired the universal principles (through their L1), but possibly being disadvantaged because they have acquired different language-specific means to express these principles.
Factors associated with disease in farmed and wild salmonids caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum: a scoping review
Authors: Wassmuth Rebecca M. , de Jongh Etienne J. , Uhland F. Carl , Reid-Smith Richard J. , Robertson Kelsey , Otto Simon J. G.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Yellow mouth disease, caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum, is an important disease of farmed salmonids. Disease management currently necessitates the use of antimicrobials, raising concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic and potentially terrestrial environments. Identifying management, production, environmental, and other factors associated with the development of yellow mouth in salmonids will help to elucidate disease control strategies and decrease the economic and environmental burden of its treatment. The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize the available literature to identify factors associated with disease in farmed and wild salmonids from T. maritimum.

Methods

The scoping review followed the framework outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual and PRSIMA-ScR reporting guidelines. The protocol was developed a priori in consultation with a librarian and was used to search Environment Complete®, Earth, Atmospheric, and Aquatic Science®, Scopus®, and Web of Science™ databases on July 21, 2022, and again on April 27, 2023. Articles were included if they focused on T. maritimum infection in salmonids and discussed factors (environmental, management, or other) that impacted the disease and/or organism of interest.

Results

Twenty-five articles were included for review. Over half were published within the last five years (n=14/25). The included articles revealed a complex interplay of salmonid (host)-specific factors (age/size), management practices (vaccination, marine transfer, stocking density, gill/body abrasion), environmental conditions (water temperature, oxygenation, salinity, algal blooms, vectors), and microbial dynamics (load, co-infections, strain, biofilms, microbiome) influencing T. maritimum infections. Only one study conducted multivariable analysis to understand this complex interplay between the diverse factors that impact infection with T. maritimum.

Discussion

The review highlights the complex, multifactorial nature of T. maritimum infections, including the interplay of host biology, environmental factors, and pathogen characteristics. A comprehensive approach incorporating both management and environmental components is essential to mitigate T. maritimum infections in salmonid production.
Optimizing collagen-based biomaterials for periodontal regeneration: clinical opportunities and challenges
Authors: Feng Ye , Li Hong-Peng
Published: December 2024

Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the teeth and their supporting tissues, ultimately culminating in tooth loss. Currently, treatment modalities, such as systemic and local administration of antibiotics, serve to mitigate the progression of inflammation yet fall short in restoring the original anatomical structure and physiological function of periodontal tissues. Biocompatible material-based tissue engineering seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating PD. Collagen, a component of the extracellular matrix commonly used for tissue engineering, has been regarded as a promising biogenic material for tissue regeneration owing to its high cell-activating and biocompatible properties. The structural and chemical similarities between collagen and components of the oral tissue extracellular matrix render it a promising candidate for dental regeneration. This review explored the properties of collagen and its current applications in periodontal regeneration. We also discussed the recent progression in collagen therapies and preparation techniques. The review also scrutinizes the pros and cons associated with the application of collagen-based biomaterials in PD treatment, aiming to pave the way for future applications of collagen-based biomaterials in the management of PD.
Comparative study of Claude 3.5-Sonnet and human physicians in generating discharge summaries for patients with renal insufficiency: assessment of efficiency, accuracy, and quality
Authors: Jin Haijiao , Guo Jinglu , Lin Qisheng , Wu Shaun , Hu Weiguo , Li Xiaoyang
Published: December 2024

Background

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great potential in medical document generation. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Claude 3.5-Sonnet, an advanced AI model, in generating discharge summaries for patients with renal insufficiency, compared to human physicians.

Methods

A prospective, comparative study was conducted involving 100 patients (50 with acute kidney injury and 50 with chronic kidney disease) from the nephrology department of Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital between January and June 2024. Discharge summaries were independently generated by Claude 3.5-Sonnet and human physicians. The main evaluation indicators included accuracy, generation time, and overall quality.

Results

Claude 3.5-Sonnet demonstrated comparable accuracy to human physicians in generating discharge summaries for both AKI (90 vs. 92 points, p > 0.05) and CKD patients (88 vs. 90 points, p > 0.05). The AI model significantly outperformed human physicians in terms of efficiency, requiring only about 30 s to generate a summary compared to over 15 min for physicians (p < 0.001). The overall quality scores showed no significant difference between AI-generated and physician-written summaries for both AKI (26 vs. 27 points, p > 0.05) and CKD patients (25 vs. 26 points, p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Claude 3.5-Sonnet demonstrates high efficiency and reliability in generating discharge summaries for patients with renal insufficiency, with accuracy and quality comparable to those of human physicians. These findings suggest that AI has significant potential to improve the efficiency of medical documentation, though further research is needed to optimize its integration into clinical practice and address ethical and privacy concerns.
Exploring medical students’ attitudes on computational thinking in a Saudi university: insights from a factor analysis study
Authors: Althewini Abdulaziz , Alobud Omar
Published: December 2024

Computational thinking represents an innovative pedagogical paradigm embraced by numerous academic institutions to cultivate the problem-solving acumen of students. Despite its widespread acceptance across diverse disciplines, the integration of computational thinking within medical education remains incomplete. This study seeks to ascertain the attitudes of medical university students in Saudi Arabia regarding computational thinking. Employing an exploratory research design, the investigation encompassed 394 health sciences students, transcending educational backgrounds and gender, with the objective of gaging their attitudes and awareness concerning the value, learning, and perceived difficulty associated with computational thinking within the context of medical curricula. The findings of the study indicate a notably positive disposition among students enrolled in medicine and health informatics programs toward computational thinking, surpassing the attitudes observed in other health disciplines. This discernible preference underscores the potential for integrating computational learning into medical curricula. The results further reveal a pronounced enthusiasm among students for computational thinking, suggesting a genuine interest in leveraging this approach for clinical problem-based learning. Consequently, it can be posited that the incorporation of computational thinking within medical education and clinical problem-solving scenarios warrants active encouragement in forthcoming educational initiatives.
Group projects as spaces for leadership development in the liberal arts classroom: a case of American undergraduate students
Authors: Almazovaite Marta , Cohn Erin Park , Kumar Sirohi
Published: December 2024

Institutions of higher education almost universally promise to produce society’s future leaders and changemakers. However, collegiate leadership programs are often more attractive and accessible to students from dominant backgrounds, resulting in a lack of diversity. Further, students participating in formal collegiate leadership programming, whether curricular or co-curricular, are frequently taught a one-size-fits-all style of leadership that focuses on individual traits and skills and fails to teach students how to facilitate change with real groups of complex and diverse human beings. This study explores the ways in which undergraduate students gain powerful collaborative leadership skills and begin to redefine leadership via an alternate route in their college experience: applied group projects embedded in disciplinary liberal arts courses. Such projects give students a chance to redefine leadership for themselves, and practice a style of leadership that is more adaptable, contextually embedded, power-aware, and non-hierarchical. We term this “small-l” leadership. In this case study, we explore the role of collaborative group projects in the development of “small-l” leadership through a qualitative study driven by grounded -theory methodology followed by a thematic analysis. Through a series of individual and oral interviews with 18 undergraduate students enrolled in 10 distinct courses at a small liberal arts college, we find that long-term collaborations in classrooms help students: (1) develop heightened sensitivity and skill in navigating group dynamics, (2) gain consciousness of how to navigate their own agency in relation to that of the group, and (3) begin to adopt a more expansive definition of leadership. We determine that with a handful of small interventions, instructors can significantly enhance “small-l” leadership learning through group work. Altogether, our findings illustrate how collaborative learning in liberal arts classrooms can meaningfully contribute to the development of leaders who impact the world around them by co-creating with others across disciplines and differences.
Current and future perspectives on pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis
Authors: Gak Nataliya , Abbara Ali , Dhillo Waljit S. , Keen Richard , Comninos Alexander N.
Published: December 2024

Normal pregnancy and lactation have a marked physiological impact on maternal bone metabolism. This impact is usually temporary and reversible, but some women sustain fragility fractures whilst pregnant or lactating, termed pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO). These fractures have severe negative consequences on their quality of life, at what is a crucial stage in a mother’s life. Identifiable risk factors include a low body mass index (BMI), reduced physical activity during adolescence, a strong family history of osteoporosis, and genetic variations in the LRP5 and WNT1 genes. However, due to the rarity of PLO and the limited awareness surrounding it, there has been slow progress in understanding its pathophysiology and identifying the most effective treatments. Indeed, the data available primarily originates from observational and case studies, resulting in little clear guidance on a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. This mini-review synthesises the latest data on incidence, pathophysiology, and management in PLO, providing current and future perspectives and highlights the need for evidence-based guidelines to improve both short-term and long-term outcomes for women with PLO.
Analysis and comprehensive assessment method of power quality in advanced distribution networks based on complex network theory
Authors: Zheng Jieyun , Chen Ruochen , Zhang Zhanghuang , Wei Xin , Xue Jingwei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

As China continues to develop the advanced power systems, the network structure of distribution networks is becoming increasingly complex. The integration of numerous power electronic devices has caused growing severity of power quality issues in present-day distribution networks. Moreover, the complexity of the networks has resulted in a significant increase in the volume of power quality data, posing greater challenges in data processing and power quality assessment.

Methods

This paper investigates a novel method for comprehensive assessment of power quality in advanced distribution networks (ADN) grounded in complex network theory. First, the influencing factors of power quality in advanced distribution networks are analyzed, and based on this analysis, the power quality evaluation indicators for advanced distribution networks are determined. Then a node characteristic matrix of the distribution network is constructed based on complex network theory which is used to generate the significance of each node within the network. Moreover, the sequential relationship analysis method (G1) and criteria importance though intercrieria correlation (CRITIC) method are leveraged to determine the subjective and objective weights of each indicator. These weights are then combined to calculate the comprehensive weight, which is further optimized using a two-stage method to increase the rationality. Furthermore, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to quantitatively assess the power quality within ADN. Finally, the proposed method is validated using measurement data from a specific ADN.

Results and discussion

The findings demonstrate the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method, providing valuable insights for optimizing power quality of advanced distribution systems.
Evaluating methods for integrating single-cell data and genetics to understand inflammatory disease complexity
Authors: Townsend Hope A. , Rosenberger Kaylee J. , Vanderlinden Lauren A. , Inamo Jun , Zhang Fan
Published: December 2024

Background

Understanding genetic underpinnings of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases is crucial to improve treatments. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) identifies cell states expanded in disease, but often overlooks genetic causality due to cost and small genotyping cohorts. Conversely, large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are commonly accessible.

Methods

We present a 3-step robust benchmarking analysis of integrating GWAS and scRNA-seq to identify genetically relevant cell states and genes in inflammatory diseases. First, we applied and compared the results of three recent algorithms, based on pathways (scGWAS), single-cell disease scores (scDRS), or both (scPagwas), according to accuracy/sensitivity and interpretability. While previous studies focused on coarse cell types, we used disease-specific, fine-grained single-cell atlases (183,742 and 228,211 cells) and GWAS data (Ns of 97,173 and 45,975) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Second, given the lack of scRNA-seq for many diseases with GWAS, we further tested the tools’ resolution limits by differentiating between similar diseases with only one fine-grained scRNA-seq atlas. Lastly, we provide a novel evaluation of noncoding SNP incorporation methods by testing which enabled the highest sensitivity/accuracy of known cell-state calls.

Results

We first found that single-cell based tools scDRS and scPagwas called superior numbers of supported cell states that were overlooked by scGWAS. While scGWAS and scPagwas were advantageous for gene exploration, scDRS effectively accounted for batch effect and captured cellular heterogeneity of disease-relevance without single-cell genotyping. For noncoding SNP integration, we found a key trade-off between statistical power and confidence with positional (e.g. MAGMA) and non-positional approaches (e.g. chromatin-interaction, eQTL). Even when directly incorporating noncoding SNPs through 5’ scRNA-seq measures of regulatory elements, non disease-specific atlases gave misleading results by not containing disease-tissue specific transcriptomic patterns. Despite this criticality of tissue-specific scRNA-seq, we showed that scDRS enabled deconvolution of two similar diseases with a single fine-grained scRNA-seq atlas and separate GWAS. Indeed, we identified supported and novel genetic-phenotype linkages separating RA and ankylosing spondylitis, and UC and crohn’s disease. Overall, while noting evolving single-cell technologies, our study provides key findings for integrating expanding fine-grained scRNA-seq, GWAS, and noncoding SNP resources to unravel the complexities of inflammatory diseases.
Complications of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine as an early warning sign of inborn errors of immunity: a report of 197 patients
Authors: Fazlollahi Mohammad Reza , Goudarzi Ali , Nourizadeh Maryam , Alizadeh Zahra , Tajik Shaghayegh , Badalzadeh Mohsen , Sarafzadeh Shokouh Azam , Mahlooji Rad Maryam , Adab Zeinab , Moradi Leila , Razaghian Anahita , Sabetkish Nastaran , Pourpak Zahra , Moin Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Background

According to the WHO’s recommendation for developing countries, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been implemented in some countries as part of national vaccination programs at birth. Although it is generally considered safe, some complications may occur; including BCGitis (local) or BCGosis (systemic), ranging from mild like local abscesses to fatal impediments like osteomyelitis and disseminated BCG infection. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in BCG-vaccinated neonates experiencing local or systemic complications.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated Iranian children referred to the Immunology, Asthma, and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI) between 2007-2023 for suspected immunodeficiency. Medical history was recorded, and primary screening tests for immunodeficiency were conducted for all cases. For suspected cases, more advanced immunologic investigations were performed to reach a definitive diagnosis. Furthermore, the study incorporated the documented genetic findings of the patients under investigation. All patients with inborn error of immunity who had a history of BCG vaccine complications within the first year of vaccination were enrolled in the study.

Results

We investigated 3,275 cases suspected of IEI, identifying197 patients with both IEI and BCG vaccine complications. Among these, 127 (64.5%) were male. Symptoms began at or before 3 months of age in 64.8% of the cases, and parental consanguinity was reported in 79.2%. Genetic diagnoses were confirmed in 108 patients. Of the 197 patients, 108 (54.8%) had BCGitis, while 89 (45.2%) experienced systemic complications (BCGosis). A family history of IEI, BCG-related complications, and unexplained deaths were observed in 20.3%, 12.2%, and 29.9% of cases, respectively. Furthermore, 46.2% had at least one of these three risk factors in their history.

Conclusions

Early BCG vaccine complications may indicate an underlying immunodeficiency, particularly when there is a positive family history of BCG complications, immunodeficiency, or unexplained deaths. Nation-wide vaccination protocols should address this issue by delaying inoculation to allow for immunological screening of suspected immunodeficient patients, thereby preventing BCG vaccine-related morbidity and mortality.
Case report: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with severe central nervous system demyelination: a clinicopathological study
Authors: Beck Goichi , Yamashita Rika , Kawai Makiko , Yamamura Ryohei , Okuno Tatsusada , Matsui Misa , Toyooka Keiko , Morii Eiichi , Mochizuki Hideki , Murayama Shigeo
Published: December 2024

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune-mediated disease that mainly affects the peripheral nerves and nerve roots and typically presents with distal dominant motor and sensory disturbances as clinical symptoms. Central nervous system (CNS) demyelination with inflammation occurs infrequently in patients with CIDP. Here, we present a unique autopsy report of CIDP causing severe demyelination along the entire spinal cord. A Japanese woman exhibited progressive muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, sensory disturbances, and tremors in her upper and lower extremities, which began in her 60s. A nerve conduction study revealed a marked prolongation of distal latencies and very low or no compound muscle action potential amplitudes, and cerebrospinal fluid protein levels were prominently elevated. Following the diagnosis of CIDP, a combination of methylprednisolone pulse therapy, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, and plasma exchange mildly improved her symptoms. The patient died of septic shock at the age of 74 years. Neuropathological examination revealed demyelinating lesions with inflammation in the peripheral regions of the anterior, lateral, and posterior funiculi along the entire spinal cord (from the cervical to the sacral cord), and axons and neurons were well preserved in these lesions. The nerve roots in the cervical and lumbar plexuses, cauda equina, sciatic nerve, and sural nerve showed prominent swelling and edema with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Many onion bulbs were visible in the fascicles of the sciatic and sural nerves. Our results suggest that demyelination with inflammation can occur in the CNS and peripheral nervous system in CIDP, especially in patients with specific conditions, such as severe intrathecal inflammation.
The Sdp-SH3b2 domain contained in Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit murine norovirus replication
Authors: da Silva Danilo R. , Sharjeel Asra B. , Beliakoff Reagan , Teixeira Leandro D. , Kima Peter E. , Jones Melissa K. , Gonzalez Claudio F. , Lorca Graciela L.
Published: December 2024

The internalization of Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 extracellular vesicles (EVs) by cells results in a significant induction of the 2’,5’-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) pathway. It also induces expression of IFI44L, MX1, MX2 and DDX60. In this work, we evaluated whether the antiviral response induced by L. johnsonii N6.2-derived EVs, has an inhibitory effect on an RNA viral insult using murine norovirus (MNV-1) as the viral infection model. We found that RAW 264.7 Macrophages treated with EVs significantly decreased the levels of MNV-1 genome. These results were consistent with an increase in expression of Oas1b, Oas2, Oasl, Mx1, Mx2 and Ifi44l (6 hours post infection). Out of six proteins enriched in EVs, we found that SH3b2 domain of Sdp was the only protein effector molecule able to recapitulate the activation of the OAS pathway. In C57BL6 mice, the administration of live L. johnsonii N6.2, EVs, and Sdp-SH3b2/liposomes significantly decreased MNV-1 titers in the distal ileum, in contrast to the controls with PBS and liposomes alone that did not affect MNV-1. These results establish that the SH3b2 domain of Sdp, which is enriched in L. johnsonii derived EVs, is an effector molecule in EVs that can orchestrate the control of viral infections in vivo.
Pan-cancer single cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis deciphers the molecular landscapes of senescence related cancer-associated fibroblasts and reveals its predictive value in neuroblastoma via integrated multi-omics analysis and machine learning
Authors: Li Shan , Luo Junyi , Liu Junhong , He Dawei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a diverse group of cells that significantly contribute to reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), and no research has systematically explored the molecular landscapes of senescence related CAFs (senes CAF) in NB.

Methods

We utilized pan-cancer single cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis to identify the subpopulation of senes CAFs via senescence related genes, exploring its spatial distribution characteristics. Harnessing the maker genes with prognostic significance, we delineated the molecular landscapes of senes CAFs in bulk-seq data. We established the senes CAFs related signature (SCRS) by amalgamating 12 and 10 distinct machine learning (ML) algorithms to precisely diagnose stage 4 NB and to predict prognosis in NB. Based on risk scores calculated by prognostic SCRS, patients were categorized into high and low risk groups according to median risk score. We conducted comprehensive analysis between two risk groups, in terms of clinical applications, immune microenvironment, somatic mutations, immunotherapy, chemotherapy and single cell level. Ultimately, we explore the biological function of the hub gene JAK1 in pan-cancer multi-omics landscape.

Results

Through integrated analysis of pan-cancer spatial and single-cell transcriptomics data, we identified distinct functional subgroups of CAFs and characterized their spatial distribution patterns. With marker genes of senes CAF and leave-one-out cross-validation, we selected RF algorithm to establish diagnostic SCRS, and SuperPC algorithm to develop prognostic SCRS. SCRS demonstrated a stable predictive capability, outperforming the previously published NB signatures and clinic variables. We stratified NB patients into high and low risk group, which showed the low-risk group with a superior survival outcome, an abundant immune infiltration, a different mutation landscape, and an enhanced sensitivity to immunotherapy. Single cell analysis reveals biologically cellular variations underlying model genes of SCRS. Spatial transcriptomics delineated the molecular variant expressions of hub gene JAK1 in malignant cells across cancers, while immunohistochemistry validated the differential protein levels of JAK1 in NB.

Conclusion

Based on multi-omics analysis and ML algorithms, we successfully developed the SCRS to enable accurate diagnosis and prognostic stratification in NB, which shed light on molecular landscapes of senes CAF and clinical utilization of SCRS.