bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluxes of carbon and nutrients to the Iceland Sea surface layer and inferred primary productivity and stoichiometry
Authors: Jeansson E. , Bellerby R. G. J. , Skjelvan I. , Frigstad H. , Ólafsdóttir S. R. , Olafsson J.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. This study evaluates long-term mean fluxes of carbon and nutrients to the upper 100 m of the Iceland Sea. The study utilises hydro-chemical data from the Iceland Sea time series station (68.00° N, 12.67° W), for the years between 1993 and 2006. By comparing data of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrients in the surface layer (upper 100 m), and a sub-surface layer (100–200 m), we calculate monthly deficits in the surface, and use these to deduce the long-term mean surface layer fluxes that affect the deficits: vertical mixing, horizontal advection, air–sea exchange, and biological activity. The deficits show a clear seasonality with a minimum in winter, when the mixed layer is at the deepest, and a maximum in early autumn, when biological uptake has removed much of the nutrients. The annual vertical fluxes of DIC and nitrate amounts to 2.9 ± 0.5 and 0.45 ± 0.09 mol m−2 yr−1, respectively, and the annual air–sea uptake of atmospheric CO2 is 4.4 ± 1.1 mol C m−2 yr−1. The biologically driven changes in DIC during the year relates to net community production (NCP), and the net annual NCP corresponds to export production, and is here calculated as 7.3 ± 1.0 mol C m−2 yr−1. The typical, median C : N ratio during the period of net community uptake is 9.0, and clearly higher than the Redfield ratio, but is varying during the season.
Spatiotemporal patterns of tundra fires: late-Quaternary charcoal records from Alaska
Authors: Chipman M. L. , Hudspith V. , Higuera P. E. , Duffy P. A. , Kelly R. , Oswald W. W. , Hu F. S.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change has altered many ecosystem processes in the Arctic tundra and may have resulted in unprecedented fire activity. Evaluating the significance of recent fires requires knowledge from the paleo-fire record because observational data in the Arctic span only several decades, much shorter than the natural fire rotation in Arctic tundra regions. Here we report results of charcoal analysis on lake sediments from four Alaskan lakes to infer the broad spatial and temporal patterns of tundra fire occurrence over the past 35 000 years. Background charcoal accumulation rates are low in all records (range = 0–0.05 pieces cm-2 year-1), suggesting minimal biomass burning across our study areas. Charcoal peak analysis reveals that the mean fire return interval (FRI; years between consecutive fire events) ranged from 1648 to 6045 years at our sites, and that the most recent fire events occurred from 882 to 7031 years ago, except for the CE 2007 Anaktuvuk River Fire. These mean FRI estimates are longer than the fire rotation periods estimated for the past 63 years in the areas surrounding three of the four study lakes. This result suggests that the frequency of tundra burning was higher over the recent past compared to the late Quaternary in some tundra regions. However, the ranges of FRI estimates from our paleo-fire records overlap with the expected values based on fire-rotation-period estimates from the observational fire data, and thus quantitative differences are not significant. Together with previous tundra-fire reconstructions, these data suggest that the rate of tundra burning was spatially variable and that fires were extremely rare in our study areas throughout the late Quaternary. Given the rarity of tundra burning over multiple millennia in our study areas and the pronounced effects of fire on tundra ecosystem processes such as carbon cycling, dramatic tundra ecosystem changes are expected if anthropogenic climate change leads to more frequent tundra fires.
Reducing the ambiguity of karst aquifer models by pattern matching of flow and transport on catchment scale
Authors: Oehlmann S. , Geyer T. , Licha T. , Sauter M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Assessing the hydraulic parameters of karst aquifers is a challenge due to their high degree of heterogeneity. The unknown parameter field generally leads to a high ambiguity for flow and transport calibration in numerical models of karst aquifers. In this study, a distributed numerical model was built for the simulation of groundwater flow and solute transport in a highly heterogeneous karst aquifer in south-western Germany. Therefore, an interface for the simulation of solute transport in one-dimensional pipes was implemented into the software COMSOL Multiphysics® and coupled to the three-dimensional solute transport interface for continuum domains. For reducing model ambiguity, the simulation was matched for steady-state conditions to the hydraulic head distribution in the model area, the spring discharge of several springs and the transport velocities of two tracer tests. Furthermore, other measured parameters such as the hydraulic conductivity of the fissured matrix and the maximal karst conduit volume were available for model calibration. Parameter studies were performed for several karst conduit geometries to analyse the influence of the respective geometric and hydraulic parameters and develop a calibration approach in a large-scale heterogeneous karst system. Results show that it is possible not only to derive a consistent flow and transport model for a 150 km2 karst area but also to combine the use of groundwater flow and transport parameters thereby greatly reducing model ambiguity. The approach provides basic information about the conduit network not accessible for direct geometric measurements. The conduit network volume for the main karst spring in the study area could be narrowed down to approximately 100 000 m3.
Alternative strategy for manufacturing of all-solid-state reference electrodes for potentiometry
Authors: Fernandes J. C. B. , Heinke E. V.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. This paper presents an alternative strategy for manufacturing solid-state reference electrodes based on particles of graphite/silver/silver chloride synthesized by electroless deposition of metallic silver and silver chloride on graphite powder. Two kinds of reference electrodes were manufactured by mixing these particles with epoxy resin and hardener: quasi-reference and all-solid-state containing salts of alkaline or alkaline earth metals. All-solid-state reference electrodes can be sterilized with high-pressure saturated steam at 394.15 K (121 °C) using an autoclave. These electrodes presented a stable potential between pH 2 and 11. The electrode surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and showed the presence of silver and salt particles. The size of the silver particles was less than 2.5 μm. We successfully applied the all-solid state reference electrodes in potentiometric cells to measure pH and potassium ions in complex matrix by direct potentiometry and L-ascorbic acid by potentiometric titration.
A multi-scale approach to cost/benefit analyses of landslide prevention vs. post-event actions
Authors: Salbego G. , Floris M. , Busnardo E. , Toaldo M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. The main aim of this paper is to test economic benefits of landslide prevention measures vs. post-event emergency actions. To this end, small and large scale analyses were performed in a training area located in the North-Eastern Italian pre-Alps that was hit by an exceptional rainfall event occurred in November 2010. At the small-scale, landslide susceptibility was initially assessed using a simple probabilistic analysis, which allowed to highlight the main landslide conditioning factors and the most hazardous areas. However, this approach revealed to be quite insufficient to reach planned goals, so a large-scale case-by-case analysis was performed: a study case was defined, according to landslide occurrence frequency and assessment of elements at risk. Numerical modeling demonstrated that remedial works carried out after the landslide – water-removal intervention such as a drainage trench – could have improved slope stability if applied before its occurrence. Then, a cost-benefit analysis was finally employed. It defined that prevention would have been economically convenient compared to a non-preventive and passive attitude, allowing a 30% saving relative to total costs. Therefore, this kind of approach could be actually used as a mean toward preventive soil protection not only within the investigated case study, but also in all those hazardous areas where preventive measures are needed.
Sea surface temperature and torrential rains in the Valencia region: modelling the role of recharge areas
Authors: Pastor F. , Valiente J. A. , Estrela M. J.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Heavy rain events are frequently recorded in the Western Mediterranean causing economic losses and even human casualties. The Western Mediterranean is a deep and almost closed sea surrounded by high mountain ranges and with little exchange of water with the Atlantic ocean. A main factor in the development of torrential rains are ocean-atmosphere exchanges of heat and moisture that can potentially destabilize air masses travelling over the sea. The study of air mass trajectories previous to the rain event permits the identification of sea areas that could probably contribute to the development or intensification of rainfall. From a previous Mediterranean sea surface temperature climatology, its spatio-temporal distribution patterns have been studied showing two main distribution modes in winter and summer and transitional regimes in spring and autumn. Hence, three heavy precipitation events, for such winter and summer sea temperature regimes and for fall transition, affecting the Valencia region have been selected to study the effect of sea surface temperature in torrential rains. Simulations with perturbed sea surface temperature in different areas along the air mass path were run to compare results with unperturbed simulation. The variation of sea surface temperature in certain areas caused significant changes in model accumulated values and its spatial distribution. Therefore, the existence of recharge areas where air–sea interaction favors the development of torrential rainfall in Valencia region has been shown. This methodology could be extended to the whole Mediterranean basin to look for such potential recharge areas. The identification of sea areas that contribute to the development or intensification of heavy rain events in the Mediterranean countries could be a useful prognosis and/or monitoring tool.
Constraining parameters in state-of-the-art marine pelagic ecosystem models – is it actually feasible with typical observations of standing stocks?
Authors: Löptien U. , Dietze H.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. In a changing climate, marine pelagic biogeochemistry may modulate the atmospheric concentrations of climate-relevant species such as CO2 and N2O. To-date, projections rely on earth system models featuring simple pelagic biogeochemical model components, embedded into 3-D-ocean circulation models. Typically, the nucleus of these biogeochemical components are ecosystem models (i.e., a set of partial differential equations) which describe the interaction between nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and sinking detritus. Most of these models rely on the hyperbolic Michaelis–Menten (MM) formulation which specifies the limiting effect of light and nutrients on carbon assimilation by autotrophic phytoplankton. The respective MM constants, along with other model parameters, are usually tuned by trial-and-error exercises where the parameters are changed until a "reasonable" similarity with observed standing stocks is achieved. Here, we explore with twin experiments (or synthetic "observations") the demands on observations that allow for a more objective estimation of model parameters. We start with parameter retrieval experiments based on "perfect" (synthetic) observations which we, step by step, distort to approach realistic conditions and finally confirm our findings with real-world observations. In summary, we find that MM constants are especially hard to constrain because even modest noise (10%) inherent to observations may hinder the parameter retrieval already. This is of concern since the MM parameters are key to the model's sensitivity to anticipated changes of the external conditions. Further, we illustrate problems associated with parameter estimation based on sparse observations which reveals (additional) parameter dependencies. Somewhat counter to intuition we find, that more observational data can degrade the ability to constrain certain parameters.
A lithosphere-scale structural model of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea region
Authors: Klitzke P. , Faleide J. I. , Scheck-Wenderoth M. , Sippel J.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. We introduce a regional 3-D structural model of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea region which is the first to combine information on the sediments and the crystalline crust as well as the configuration of the lithospheric mantle. Therefore, we have integrated all available geological and geophysical data, including interpreted seismic refraction and reflection data, seismological data, geological maps and previously published 3-D models into one consistent model. This model resolves four major megasequence boundaries (earliest Eocene, mid-Cretaceous, mid-Jurassic and mid-Permian) the top crystalline crust, the Moho and a newly calculated lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The thickness distributions of the corresponding main megasequences delineate five major subdomains (the northern Kara Sea, the southern Kara Sea, the eastern Barents Sea, the western Barents Sea and the oceanic domain comprising the Norwegian–Greenland Sea and the Eurasia Basin). Relating the subsidence histories of these subdomains to the structure of the deeper crust and lithosphere sheds new light on possible causative basin forming mechanisms that we discuss. The depth configuration of the newly calculated LAB and the seismic velocity configuration of the upper mantle correlate with the younger history of this region. The western Barents Sea is underlain by a thinned lithosphere (80 km) resulting from multiple Phanerozoic rifting phases and/or the opening of the NE Atlantic from Paleocene/Eocene times on. Notably, the northwestern Barents Sea and Svalbard are underlain by thinnest continental lithosphere (60 km) and a low-velocity/hot upper mantle that correlates spatially with a region where late Cenozoic uplift was strongest. As opposed to this, the eastern Barents Sea is underlain by a thicker lithosphere (~ 110–150 km) and a high-velocity/density anomaly in the lithospheric mantle. This anomaly, in turn, correlates with an area where only little late Cenozoic uplift/erosion was observed.
High-precision relocation of seismic sequences above a dipping Moho: the case of the January–February 2014 seismic sequence on Cephalonia island (Greece)
Authors: Karastathis V. K. , Mouzakiotis E. , Ganas A. , Papadopoulos G. A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Detailed velocity structure and Moho mapping is of crucial importance for a high precision relocation of seismicity occurring out of, or marginal to, the geometry of seismological networks. Usually the seismographic networks do not cover the boundaries of converging plates such as the Hellenic arc. The crustal thinning from the plate boundary towards the back-arc area creates significant errors in accurately locating the earthquake, especially when distant seismic phases are included in the analysis. The case of the Cephalonia (Ionian Sea, Greece) sequence of January–February 2014 provided an excellent example where the hypocentral precision was greatly affected by the crustal thinning from the plate boundary at the Ionian sea towards the Aegean sea. This effect was examined in detail by testing various velocity models of the region in order to determine an optimal model. Our tests resulted in the adoption of a velocity model that resembles the crustal thinning of the region. Then, a relocation procedure was performed in the Cephalonia sequence for the time period of 26 January to 15 May 2014 by applying probabilistic non-linear location algorithms. The high-precision relocation resulted in an improved spatial distribution of the seismicity with respect to the preliminary locations and provided a reliable basis to examine seismotectonic implications of the Cephalonia sequence.
Measurements of light-absorbing particles on the glaciers in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru
Authors: Schmitt C. G. , All J. D. , Schwarz J. P. , Arnott W. P. , Cole R. J. , Lapham E. , Celestian A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Glaciers in the tropical Andes have been rapidly losing mass since the 1970s. In addition to the documented increase in temperature, increases in light-absorbing particles deposited on glaciers could be contributing to the observed glacier loss. Here we report on measurements of light-absorbing particles sampled from glaciers during three surveys in the Cordillera Blanca Mountains in Peru. During three research expeditions in the dry seasons (May–August) of 2011, 2012 and 2013, 240 snow samples were collected from 15 mountain peaks over altitudes ranging from 4800 to nearly 6800 m. Several mountains were sampled each of the 3 years and some mountains were sampled multiple times during the same year. Collected snow samples were melted and filtered in the field then later analyzed using the Light Absorption Heating Method (LAHM), a new technique that measures the ability of particles on filters to absorb visible light. LAHM results have been calibrated using filters with known amounts of fullerene soot, a common industrial surrogate for black carbon (BC). As sample filters often contain dust in addition to BC, results are presented in terms of effective black carbon (eBC). During the 2013 survey, snow samples were collected and kept frozen for analysis with a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). Calculated eBC mass from the LAHM analysis and the SP2 refractory black carbon (rBC) results were well correlated (r2 = 0.92). These results indicate that a substantial portion of the light-absorbing particles in the more polluted regions were likely BC. The 3 years of data show that glaciers in the Cordillera Blanca Mountains close to human population centers have substantially higher levels of eBC (as high as 70 ng g−1) than remote glaciers (as low as 2.0 ng g−1 eBC), indicating that population centers can influence local glaciers by sourcing BC.
The Implicit Affection Between Kantian Judgment and Aristotelian Rhetoric
Authors: Tinguely Joseph
Published: February 2015

Recent scholarship on Kant and rhetoric suggests an inclusive relation between affectivity and cognitive judgment, but that position runs counter to a traditional philosophical opposition between sensibility and rationality. A way to overcome this opposition comes into view in the overlap in three significant areas between Kantian judgment and Aristotelian rhetoric. First, each allows that communicative capacities operate within the way a perceptual object or scene appears in the first place. Secondly, each significantly broadens such communicative capacities so as to include the entire conceptual form of one's disposition or orientation to the world as a whole. Thirdly, each links those broad mental dispositions to specifically affective states of mind. Taken together, the areas of overlap between Kantian judgment and Aristotelian rhetoric adumbrate an integrated picture of the affective sensibilities and cognitive capacities largely missing from the contemporary landscape.
Solitary Extramedullary Plasmocytoma of the Thyroid Gland: A Case Report
Authors: Martin Balog  , Ulrich Lang  , Günther Winde
Published: February 2015

Solitary extramedullary plasmocytoma (SEP) of the thyroid gland is a very rare disease. The diagnosis of SEP can be made after ruling out multiple myeloma. Histological examinations, immunohistochemical analysis with an overexpression of CD 138, CD 38 and kappa light chain reaction confirmed this uncommon condition in our case. Medullary carcinoma, MALT-Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of the thyroid should be excluded in the diagnosis. Surgical resection and radiotherapy, or a combination of both, are standard treatment methods. However, because of rareness of this disease, no general therapy can be recommended. We report about a 75 year old male patient and its involvement of the right remainder thyroid lobe by SEP five years post a Dunhill-Procedure due to multinodular goiter.
Clinically Relevant Brain Tumor Model and Device Development for Experimental Therapeutics
Authors: Kamalakannan Palanichamy  , Kirstin Acus  , John R Jacob  , Arnab Chakravarti
Published: February 2015

This paper assesses the subcutaneous, orthotopic, and transgenic mouse models used to study glioblastomas (GBMs) as well as delineates our model to overcome the limitations of these currently used models. Subcutaneous model involves the injection of GBM cells into hind leg or back of a mouse, whereas in orthotopic model, the injection of GBM cells into the cranium of mice is required. Neither subcutaneous nor orthotopic models accurately display the infiltrative growth pattern of the tumor into the brain parenchyma characteristic of GBMs in humans. Transgenic models are achieved by pronuclear microinjection (into the male pronucleus, immediately after fertilization) or the injection of DNA into embryonic stem cells. Transgenic models are similar to human GBMs in every way, except they are not as genetically complex. To overcome the limitations in these models, we have developed a brain tumor model that exhibits all the histologic hallmarks of human GBM. We used a flank model initially to enrich a tumorigenic population of GBM cells from patient biopsies and a subsequent intracranial implantation to achieve the characteristics of tumors similar to those observed in human patients. The cells enriched by this method were then implanted and subjected to standard treatments such as chemotheraphy and radiation. Subsequently, we determined the treatment efficacy and rate of recurrence. Currently, we are using this approach to determine the treatment resistance pathways leading to recurrence and for developing a better combinatorial approach by short-circuiting the aberrant signaling pathways that are up-regulated in the treatment resistance tumors.
The Neurotoxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Ifosfamide
Authors: Martin S. Highley  , Guido Momerency  , Diane Sawyers  , Ernst A. De Bruijn  , Hans Prenen  , Gunther Guetens  , Gert De Boeck  , Allan T. Van Oosterom  , Janine L. Mansi  , Peter R. Blake  , Tim Mant  , Robert A.A. Maes  , Peter G. Harper
Published: February 2015

Purpose:Ifosfamide can cause an unexplained encephalopathy. The incidence after intravenous infusion is 10%, but is much higher after oral administration. This study assesses the pharmacokinetics of oral ifosfamide in relation to neurotoxicity. Patients and Methods:Eleven patients received oral ifosfamide 500 mg twice daily for 14 days, with concurrent oral mesna. The concentrations of ifosfamide, isophosphoramide mustard, 2-dechloroethylifosfamide, 3-dechloroethylifosfamide, carboxyifosfamide, ketoifosfamide, chloroethylamine and 3-oxazolidine-2-one were measured using GC-MS. Patients were evaluated clinically, and also with the EEG, psychometric testing, the national adult reading test, and the mini-mental state examination. Results:A decrease in the electroencephalogram alpha frequency was observed, with the development of pathological slow wave activity. Psychometric performance was also impaired. Neurotoxicity was progressive during treatment, and the incidence of grade 3 neurotoxicity was 22%. The mean day 14 / day 1 Cmax ratios for 2-dechloroethylifosfamide and 3-dechloroethylifosfamide were 2.73 (± 2.11) and 2.04 (± 1.32) respectively. The metabolite with the lowest ratio was isophosphoramide mustard 1.07 (± 0.39). High chloroethylamine Cmax values were associated with lower alpha frequencies, and increased clinical neurotoxicity. Conclusion:Oral ifosfamide 500 mg twice daily for 14 days causes unacceptable neurotoxicity. It was not possible to identify one particular metabolite responsible for the neurotoxicity, although the dechloroethyl metabolites and chloroethylamine are implicated.
Adverse Effects of Bevacizumab During Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kenji Ina  , Ryuichi Furuta  , Takae Kataoka  , Sayaka Sugiura  , Satoshi Kayukawa  , Takayuki Kanamori  , Takaki Kikuchi  , Megumi Kabeya  , Satoshi Hibi  , Shu Yuasa
Published: February 2015

Objective:Bevacizumab has been increasingly used in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer.The aim of this report is to underline the possible risks associated with bevacizumab use. Methods:Between July 2005 and March 2013, a total of 130 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who received oxaliplatin as first-line chemotherapy were divided into 2 groups those treated with bevacizumab (group A) and those without (group B), and compared. The primary endpoint was to clarify the profile of bevacizumab - induced adverse effects. Secondary endpoints examined therapeutic effects, including overall survival (OS). Results:The incidence of major side effects was almost equivalent, except for bleeding, between the 2 groups. With regard to the therapeutic effects, 1 patient in group A showed complete disappearance of multiple lung metastases without any evidence of recurrence. The median OS was 926 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 756 - 1257) in group A and 534 days (95% CI, 421 - 621) in group B (p < 0.01). Conclusion:The results demonstrate that bevacizumab prolonged survival in these patients although there was an increased risk of clinically significant bleeding.
Epidemiological and Pathological Aspects of Head and Neck Cancers in Togo
Authors: Tchin Darré  , Haréfétéguéna Bissa  , Komlavi Ehlissou Akloa  , Essobozou Pegbessou  , Bathokédeou Amana  , Aman Alphonse N’guessan  , Koffi Amégbor  , Essohana Boko  , Gado Napo-Koura
Published: February 2015

Purpose:Head and neck cancers are a major public health issue. Its current incidence is unknown in Togo. This study aimed at determining the epidemiological and histological features of head and neck cancers in Togo.
Materials and Methods: We examined data from patients files recorded in the registers of laboratory of pathology of the university teaching hospital of Lomé. The study concerned data of the patients received from January 1994 to December 2013. We selected only the files whose diagnosis was a cancer. The parameters analyzed were: frequency, age, gender of patients, site, macroscopic and histological type of cancer.
Results: Epidemiological, we collected 5234 cases of cancer of which 309cases ORL cancers, representing 5.1% of all cancer cases. The annual frequency was 15.09 cases. The average age was 45 years ranging from 3 to 87 years and a peak incidence between 41-50 years (20%). Sex ratio of 1.55.
Concerning pathological, the salivary gland cancers were the most prevalent (28.2%) followed by larynx cancers (24%). Four groups histological were observed: Carcinomas 196cases (63.43%), lymphomas 105cases (33.98%), 6 cases sarcomas (1.94%) and 2cases melanomas (0.65%). The squamous carcinoma (40.78%) was the most frequent carcinomas. The high grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas (48,4%) were common with prevalent Burkitt lymphoma.
Conclusion: the head and neck cancers are prevalent in young adults in Togo. The squamous carcinoma is the most common histological type.
Buschke Löwenstein Tumor of the Right Lower Abdominal Wall: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Martin Balog  , Ulrich Lang  , Günther Winde
Published: February 2015

Buschke-Löwenstein tumor (BLT), known as giant condyloma acuminatum (GCA), is a very rare disease that typically appears as a penile lesion but can although appear in the anogenital region, bladder, vulva, scrotum and sacrococcygeal area as well. Despite of its histologically benign signs, a high recurrence rate, invasiveness and destructive growth characterizes this rare disease as clinically malignant. Malignant transformation into verrucous carcinoma (VC) and squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) have been described as well. Many treatment modalities inclusive neoadjuvant radio-and chemotherapy and topical treatment have been reported but due to lack of controlled studies no treatment can be recommended. We present a case of Buschke-Löwenstein tumor involving the right lower abdominal wall of the colostomy region at a 71 years old male. To our knowledge, we first describe a case report of GCA involving abdominal wall at the colostomy region, successfully treated by wide radical excision and plastic reconstruction.
Comparison of Prostate Specific Antigen and Prostate Specific Antigen Density for Predicting the Degree of Gleason Score of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mehrzad Lotfi  , Naghmeh Roshan  , Amin Abolhasani Foroughi
Published: February 2015

Introduction: In this study we evaluate the relationship of PSA and PSAD with the degree of Gleason score of prostate cancer in transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy specimens.
Methods: From March 2003 to October 2009, 1025 transractal ultrasound guided biopsies were performed in our hospital. PSA was measured by monoclonal antibody method and PSAD was calculated. The Gleason grade of the detected tumors in the biopsy specimens was classified as low, moderate and high grade. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: 292 patients were diagnosed to have prostate adenocarcinoma. There was an acceptable correlation between PSA (P=0.001) and PSAD of the specimens (P = 0.013) with Gleason grades. PSA level showed a statistically significant difference between the low and high grade groups (P=0.005) and the intermediate and high grade groups (p=0.014). A statistically significant difference of PSAD level was seen only between the low and high grade (P=0.006) groups
Conclusions: PSA and PSAD are both effective diagnostic tools for detection of prostate cancer; PSA level has a valuable role in predicting Gleason pattern higher than 7/10 and it can be the predictor of advanced pathological features but PSAD is effective in prediction of Gleason pattern lower than 5/10.
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Proliferation, Inflammation and Invasivity in Saliva from Oral Cancer Patients
Authors: Radu Radulescu  , Alexandra Totan  , Bogdan Calenic  , Cosmin Totan  , Maria Greabu
Published: February 2015

Cancer represents the main cause of death in the economically developed countries and the second cause of death in developing ones. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are the sixth most common malignancies worldwide with oral cavity and pharynx cancers being the most common. Saliva qualifies as one of the most suitable diagnostic fluids due to the non-invasivity nature, simple handling procedures, easy collection and storage and good cooperation with patient groups such as children or persons with disabilities. The aim of the present study is to assess the presence in saliva of several cancer biomarkers such as: tumor cells proliferation - Ki-67 Antigen and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCCA), inflammation - Interleukin-6 (IL-6), extracellular matrix collagen degradation - Matrix Metallo-proteinase-9 (MMP-9) and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2), oxidative stress - total antioxidant capacity and uric acid. Both uric acid and total antioxidant capacity showed decreased levelsin the saliva of oral cancer patients. IL-6, Ki-67, SCCA and MMP-9 showed increased levels in the saliva of oral patients compared to the control group. Salivary TIMP-2 levels were also decreased in the patients group. We can conclude that salivary diagnosis has the potential of becoming a powerful tool in detecting and monitoring oral cancer patients.
Pecuária e o espaço agrário capixaba: a formação dos “domínios do boi” no extremo norte do Espírito Santo / Cattle Raising and the Capixaba Agrarian Space: the Rise of the “Ox Domains” in Extreme North Espírito Santo
Authors: Neto Jaime Bernardo
Published: February 2015

discorre sobre o crescimento da pecuária extensiva no Espírito Santo a partir da década de 1940, buscando correlacionar os fatores que desencadearam esse fenômeno bem como seus reflexos sobre o espaço agrário capixaba, particularmente em seu Extremo Norte, por meio do estudo de caso acerca dos municípios de Mucurici, Montanha e Ponto Belo, onde a especialização na pecuária extensiva teve significativa contribuição na intensificação da concentração fundiária e do êxodo rural nas últimas décadas.
Ceramics, Polity, and Comics
Authors: Swogger John G.
Published: February 2015

Formal archaeological publication is unimaginative in its use of images, and often the images used do not best serve the text. The result is that text and image poorly relate. But graphic formats that establish an interrelationship between text and image can be used to create new layers of richness. One such example is the use of comics. In order to illustrate how the visualization principles of comics can be used to re-shape formal archaeological publication, the author presents an adaptation of the first three pages of “Ceramics and Polity” by Michael Whalen and Paul Minnis, originally published in American Antiquity. The use of similar visualization principles opens up the possibility of new kinds of professional, interdisciplinary, and peer-to-peer narratives. The article is in the form of a 10-page comic.
The Field Crew Symposium
Authors: Overholtzer Lisa
Published: February 2015

In recent years, scholars have convincingly argued, on both ethical and epistemic grounds, for the need for archaeological research “with, for, and by” descendant communities. Realizing such collaborative projects, however, is often challenging, and the prospect of beginning such an endeavor intimidating. This article shares a successful methodology implemented in the Xaltocan Archaeological Project (PAX) carried out in 2009–2011 in Mexico. This format—field crew-centered education in the context of excavations, culminating in a public symposium by all team members disseminating preliminary findings—is a simple, manageable way to begin engaging descendants. In addition to describing the symposium format, I discuss how I mitigated two major challenges to its implementation: (1) incentive or compensation (and, thereby, funding) and (2) community members’ critical assessments of their own relevant knowledge. I reflect on the impact of the symposium on subsequent collaborative efforts, and I contemplate institutional obstacles that remain for scholars attempting to decolonize archaeological research in Mexico. Finally, I consider how the symposium format could be implemented in other research contexts.
« La religion n’est pas la culture ! »
Authors: Moisa Daniela
Published: February 2015

Dans le présent article, nous nous interrogeons surl’authenticité spirituellechez les convertis à l’orthodoxie du Québec, plus particulièrement du village de Rawdon. Une recherche ethnographique déroulée sur plusieurs années révèle un lien très sensible entre l’authenticité spirituelle et lavéritépersonnelle, forgée à travers une pratique réfléchie et un cheminement quotidien séparés des articulations culturelles et ethniques. Cettevéritéest à l’opposé des orthodoxies nationales transportées par les immigrants dans la diaspora et qui continuent à articuler les pratiques et les discours religieux en fonction d’une référence russe, ukrainienne, roumaine, etc. Toutefois, malgré cette différence importante entre les orthodoxes « de naissance » et les « convertis », la séparation entre la vie spirituelle et la culture des derniers n’est pas radicale : l’identité culturelle, québécoise « de souche » est activée lorsque l’authenticité de la pratique et de l’identité spirituelles estbousculéepar d’autresvérités,individuelles ou de groupe.
La conversion dans un cadre féministe, interculturel et interreligieux
Authors: Couture Denise , Riikonen Tanja
Published: February 2015

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche empirique menée à Montréal auprès de femmes féministes, engagées dans des pratiques interculturelles, interspirituelles ou interreligieuses. Il aborde les récits autobiographiques spirituels des femmes, en posant la question : comment vivent-elles la « conversion » dans le contexte contemporain ? Pour approfondir cette question, l’article propose une définition opératoire du concept de conversion qui comprend trois dimensions : un retour à une énergie vitale propre, la conscientisation et l’autosubjectivation. À partir de cette définition provisoire, l’article analyse les récits des participantes selon quatre thématiques principales : des histoires de transformation des sujets, un rapport critique et créatif aux coutumes et aux traditions, un désapprentissage vers la justice relationnelle et une ascèse, un travail sur soi.
Quelle mystique pour la renaissance africaine ?
Authors: Tchonang Gabriel
Published: February 2015

L’on ne peut parler de Renaissance africaine qu’après avoir réfléchi à l’avènement de l’homme nouveau africain, sujet libre, imprégné d’idéal, capable d’assumer son histoire et dégagé d’un grégarisme accablant. Cet homme nouveau sera aussi le produit des forces religieuses et spirituelles qui l’entourent et structurent son environnement. En bonne place figurent les Religions Traditionnelles Africaines et le christianisme. Ces deux forces religieuses qui correspondent à une double mystique peuvent grandement contribuer au développement de l’Afrique et à sa sortie de son marasme légendaire si elles évitent respectivement l’écueil de l’utilitarisme, de la non-objectivation de la nature, de la sacralisation du pouvoir, du grégarisme, de l’éclipse de la subjectivité pour les Religions Traditionnelles Africaines, du spiritualisme et de la compromission avec les pouvoirs politiques injustes pour le christianisme.
JOÃO XXIII, O PAPA DO CONCÍLIO. “VEIO UM HOMEM ENVIADO POR DEUS CUJO NOME ERA JOÃO”
Authors: De Almeida Antonio José
Published: February 2015

Caminho privilegiado para a compreensão do Concílio Vaticano II é sua relação com o papa que o anunciou, convocou e inaugurou. Percorrer a trajetória do Vaticano II desde seu anúncio, em 25 de janeiro de 1959 (festa da conversão de São Paulo), até a morte de João XXIII (Pentecostes de 1963) é revisitar – como que conduzido por um guia privilegiado– os primeiros e decisivos passos de um dos mais importantes acontecimentos da bimilenar história da Igreja. Infelizmente, João XXIII (1881-1963), a não ser pelo insólito e merecido epíteto de “papa bom”, é cada vez menos conhecido entre nós. Como,aliás, salvas as proporções, o próprio Concílio. O presente artigo ajuda a preencher tal lacuna, mostrando-nos a grandeza humana e cristã de João XXIII e a transcendência do seu ministério diante da Igreja de Roma num momento decisivo para ela e para a humanidade. “Quem viveu tanto e se encontrou, nos inícios do século XX, diante das responsabilidades novas de uma atividade social que investe o homem todo; quem esteve, como eu, vinte anos no Oriente, oito na França e pôde confrontar culturas e tradições diversas, sabe que chegou o momento de reconhecer os sinais dos tempos,de colher a sua oportunidade e olhar longe.” (João XXIII, no leito de morte).
O concílio do Vaticano II: a presença da igreja no mundo em espírito de serviço, em especial aos mais pobres
Authors: Lenz Matias Martinho
Published: February 2015

No Vaticano II, a Igreja fez suas as alegrias e esperanças, tristezas e angústias dos homens de hoje, “sobretudo dos pobres e de todos aqueles que sofrem” (Cf. GS 1). Neste estudo, o autor trata o tema da pobreza e dos pobres no Concílio, em três momentos:no primeiro, situa o tema da pobreza e dos pobres, explicitando a compreensão dos padres conciliares sobre suas causas e as perspectivas de resposta a esse flagelo; no segundo, mostra em que direção avançou tal questão nas décadas que se seguiram ao Concílio, sobretudo na América Latina; no terceiro, procura apontar para iniciativas que poderiam fazer a Igreja avançar mais em uma ação pastoral na perspectiva da opção pelos pobres.
ACTUOSA PARTICIPATIO: IL VERO FINE DELLA RIFORMA LITURGICA
Authors: Grillo Andrea
Published: February 2015

Il saggio indica alcune idee sbagliate presente nella coscienza ecclesiale in relazionead una delle questioni più delicate e appariscenti della riforma liturgica del VaticanoII. Senza affrontare loro, con l’aiuto del metodo storico è il metodo da teologica, riformaliturgica fissato dal Consiglio rimangono incompleti e persino controproducente.Infatti, la partecipazione attiva dei fedeli alla liturgia - che è fonte e culmine della vitaecclesiale - non è qualcosa di accidentale o superfluo, ma essenziale, in quanto il “Leazioni liturgiche non sono azioni private ma celebrazioni della Chiesa Qual è il ‘sacramentodi unità’, cioè del popolo santo “e” appartengono all’intero corpo della Chiesa emanifesto e affetto “, anche se raggiungere” i singoli membri in modo diverso, come ladiversità degli ordini ministeri e la loro partecipazione effettiva ”(SC 26). Il tema dellapartecipazione attiva implica quindi una riformulazione di tutta la strada di sentire e diagire nella sfera religiosa, il Consiglio, salvataggio del Nuovo Testamento e paradigma patristico da un lato, e moderna cristiana autocoscienza del soggetto, l’altro assumecome prospettiva. Da qui la necessità di chiamare alla coscienza il complesso rapportotra popolazione attiva e la riforma liturgica, in modo che le sue prestazioni istituzionalie pastorali, non solo calcio, ma i progressi costanti.
LA RICEZIONE DEL CONCILIO: MENTALITÀ, SOGGETTIE TEMPO DI UN PERCORSO LABORIOSO
Authors: Routhier Gilles
Published: February 2015

Questo documento affronta la complessa problematica della ricezione selettiva delVaticano II Chiesa, focalizzando l’attenzione sul messaggio ricevuto e compreso ospitareuno stile nuova proposta della Chiesa in rapporto al mondo, valutando, quindi,l’incidenza del fattore nei processi di generazione. Solo la seconda e l’approfondimentodi tale interesse rivela poco esplorato per rintracciare i suggerimenti più fruttuosi, invitandoa considerare come difetti certamente positiva accoglienza della prima generazionepost-conciliari hanno determinato l’atteggiamento decisamente più sospetti dellaseconda generazione. Questo conflitto suggerisce un cambiamento generazionale di approccio di combinare corpus: terza ed ultima fase di ricostruzioni storiche, forse è ilmomento di promuovere un incontro fecondo tra l’opera e il lettore, esplorando i temidel rapporto con la cultura, con il mondo e con il altri, in particolare vivono nei testi conciliari,e anche con altre, sensibili, cruciale anche per le nuove generazioni di giovanicristiani, uomini e donne.
EL VATICANO II EN MEDIO DEL CONFLICTO DE INTERPRETACIONES
Authors: Codina Víctor
Published: February 2015

El autor examina el conflicto de las interpretaciones que ponen en el Vaticano desdeuna perspectiva latinoamericana. Su trabajo se organiza en tres fases: el Consejo comoun nuevo Pentecostés que promueve una transición epocal en la comprensión de laIglesia y su misión en el mundo (parte 1), el hecho de que ciertas perspectivas - afirmó,incluso por el consejo, pero no está haciendo su líneas de fuerza y el dinamismoprofundo - ocupan un lugar privilegiado en la presentación de la identidad de la Iglesiay su lugar en la sociedad (parte 2), el hecho de que, cincuenta después de la inauguracióndel Consejo, un nuevo contexto histórico y generación, ha como si no hubiera un cambio de acento e interés en y el aprecio de los textos conciliares en la actualidad.El mayor cambio se estaba produciendo en el paso de los temas eclesiológicos - elConsejo, simplemente, fue un concilio de la Iglesia - con el tema realmente teo-lógico.En este mundo gira desde lo más profundo de sus entrañas transformaciones radicalesen todos los ámbitos y niveles de la actividad humana, la pregunta no es “la Iglesia,¿qué dices de ti mismo?” E “Iglesia, ¿qué haces en el mundo?” pero “Dios, ¿quién erestú?”, “lo que tiene que decir a los hombres y mujeres liberados en los retos personalesy colectivos sin precedentes?” caos también kairós y puede llegar a ser en gestaciónuna Iglesia renovada, Nazareno, más pobre, servidor
CONCÍLIO VATICANO II: TAREFAS PENDENTES PARA A IGREJA NO BRASIL HOJE
Authors: Libânio João Batista
Published: February 2015

O autor se propõe a indicar as tarefas pendentes para a Igreja no Brasil, no processo de recepção do Concílio Vaticano II. Antes, porém, de tratar delas, faz uma retrospectiva sobre o evento e sua trajetória nas últimas quatro décadas. São breves registros sobre o processo de preparação do Concílio, sua metodologia de trabalho, as turbulências nas últimas décadas,o entrecruzar-se de diferentes recepções e o paradoxo do pontificado de João Paulo II. Com relação às tarefas pendentes, segundo o autor, as maiores riquezas do Concílio vêm-lhe da inspiração, do espírito e do carisma. Entretanto, sua recepção padece de não pequeno deficit por causa da carência de institucionalização. Além disso, no espírito do Concílio, estamos longe de assumir mais seriamente os desafios do diálogo inter-religioso, a chaga da exclusão,a sociedade pós-industrial do conhecimento e o flagelo das migrações.O autor se propõe a indicar as tarefas pendentes para a Igreja no Brasil, no processo de recepção do Concílio Vaticano II. Antes, porém, de tratar delas, faz uma retrospectiva sobre o evento e sua trajetória nas últimas quatro décadas. São breves registros sobre o processo de preparação do Concílio, sua metodologia de trabalho, as turbulências nas últimas décadas,o entrecruzar-se de diferentes recepções e o paradoxo do pontificado de João Paulo II. Com relação às tarefas pendentes, segundo o autor, as maiores riquezas do Concílio vêm-lhe da inspiração, do espírito e do carisma. Entretanto, sua recepção padece de não pequeno deficit por causa da carência de institucionalização. Além disso, no espírito do Concílio, estamos longe de assumir mais seriamente os desafios do diálogo inter-religioso, a chaga da exclusão,a sociedade pós-industrial do conhecimento e o flagelo das migrações.keywords: Concílio. Contexto. Recepção. Institucionalização.
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM ENSINO RELIGIOSO EM CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Klein Remí
Published: February 2015

O texto visa a socializar projeto de pesquisa sobre o Ensino Religioso na formação docente.Parte do pressuposto da importância da capacitação em Metodologia de Ensino Religioso nos cursos de licenciatura em Pedagogia, visto que, pela legislação vigente em nível nacional e estadual (RS), não é exigida nenhuma formação específica, além da habilitação docente propriamente dita, para lecionar a referida disciplina na educação infantil e nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Abarca o embasamento legal sobre o assunto e o confronta com uma pesquisa de campo, envolvendo a própria prática docente, bem como a atuação de outros docentes e a participação de discentes na referida disciplina pedagógica em cursos de licenciatura em Pedagogia em instituições de ensino superior na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre.
CURSOS DE PEDAGOGIA E O ENSINO RELIGIOSO: UM DEBATE NECESSÁRIO
Authors: Filho Lourival José Martins
Published: February 2015

O artigo é decorrente de um projeto de investigação em andamento no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teologia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná que objetiva prioritariamente analisar, nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de Pedagogia de um Estado da Região Sul do Brasil, evidências do componente curricular Ensino Religioso no processo de formação docente para a educação básica. Sabemos que, aprovada pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação, em 15 de maio de 2006, a Resolução CNE/CP n. 1, que institui as Diretrizes Nacionais para o Curso de Graduação em Pedagogia,licenciatura, é um belo exemplo dos enfrentamentos e dissensos que podem ser gerados nas disputas curriculares. Destacamos que, no âmbito dessa Resolução não aparece o Ensino Religioso como uma das atribuições de docência do pedagogo como em outras áreas de conhecimento. As análises e reflexões no momento da pesquisa apontam a necessidade de qualificar os cursos de Pedagogia no Brasil, responsáveis pela formação do professor, já que tais propostas têm obliterado os temas relacionados ao Ensino Religioso.