bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the modern Lie scaling method to classical scaling techniques
Authors: Polsinelli J. , Kavvas M. L.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. In the past two decades a new modern scaling technique has emerged from the highly developed theory on the Lie group of transformations. This new method has been applied by engineers to several problems in hydrology and hydraulics including but not limited to groundwater dynamics, sediment transport, and open channel hydraulics. This study attempts to clarify the relationship this new technology has with the classical scaling method based on dimensional analysis, non dimensionalization, and the Buckingham Π theorem. Key points of the Lie group theory, and the application of the Lie scaling transformation, are outlined and a comparison is done with two classical scaling models through two examples: unconfined groundwater flow and contaminant transport. The Lie scaling method produces an invariant scaling transformation of the prototype variables which ensures the dynamics between the model and prototype systems will be preserved. Lie scaling can also be used to determine the conditions under which a complete model is dynamically, kinematically, and geometrically similar to the prototype phenomenon. Similarities between the Lie and classical scaling methods are explained, and the relative strengths and weaknesses of the techniques are discussed.
The unrest of S. Miguel volcano (El Salvador, CA): installation of the monitoring network and observed volcano-tectonic ground deformation
Authors: Bonforte A. , Hernandez D. , Gutiérrez E. , Handal L. , Polío C. , Rapisarda S. , Scarlato P.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. On 29 December 2013, the Chaparrastique volcano in El Salvador, close to the town of S. Miguel, erupted suddenly with explosive force, forming a more than 9 km high column and projecting ballistic projectiles as far as 3 km away. Pyroclastic Density Currents flowed to the north-northwest side of the volcano, while tephras were dispersed northwest and north-northeast. This sudden eruption prompted the local Ministry of Environment to request cooperation with Italian scientists in order to improve the monitoring of the volcano during this unrest. A joint force made up of an Italian team from the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and a local team from the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales was organized to enhance the volcanological, geophysical and geochemical monitoring system to study the evolution of the phenomenon during the crisis. The joint team quickly installed a multi-parametric mobile network comprising seismic, geodetic and geochemical sensors, designed to cover all the volcano flanks from the lowest to the highest possible altitudes, and a thermal camera. To simplify the logistics for a rapid installation and for security reasons, some sensors were co-located into multi-parametric stations. Here, we describe the prompt design and installation of the geodetic monitoring network, the processing and results. The installation of a new ground deformation network can be considered an important result by itself, while the detection of some crucial deforming areas is very significant information, useful for dealing with future threats and for further studies on this poorly monitored volcano.
Brief Communication: Earthquake sequencing: analysis of time series constructed from the Markov chain model
Authors: Cavers M. S. , Vasudevan K.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Directed graph representation of a Markov chain model to study global earthquake sequencing leads to a time series of state-to-state transition probabilities that includes the spatio-temporally linked recurrent events in the record-breaking sense. A state refers to a configuration comprised of zones with either the occurrence or non-occurrence of an earthquake in each zone in a pre-determined time interval. Since the time series is derived from non-linear and non-stationary earthquake sequencing, we use known analysis methods to glean new information. We apply decomposition procedures such as ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) to study the state-to-state fluctuations in each of the intrinsic mode functions. We subject the intrinsic mode functions, derived from the time series using the EEMD, to a detailed analysis to draw information content of the time series. Also, we investigate the influence of random noise on the data-driven state-to-state transition probabilities. We consider a second aspect of earthquake sequencing that is closely tied to its time-correlative behaviour. Here, we extend the Fano factor and Allan factor analysis to the time series of state-to-state transition frequencies of a Markov chain. Our results support not only the usefulness of the intrinsic mode functions in understanding the time series but also the presence of power-law behaviour exemplified by the Fano factor and the Allan factor.
Pedotransfer functions for Irish soils – estimation of bulk density (ρb) per horizon type
Authors: Reidy B. , Simo I. , Sills P. , Creamer R. E.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Soil bulk density is a key property in defining soil characteristics. It describes the packing structure of the soil and is also essential for the measurement of soil carbon stock and nutrient assessment. In many older surveys this property was neglected and in many modern surveys this property is omitted due to cost both in laboratory and labour and in cases where the core method cannot be applied. To overcome these oversights pedotransfer functions are applied using other known soil properties to estimate bulk density. Pedotransfer functions have been derived from large international datasets across many studies, with their own inherent biases, many ignoring horizonation and depth variances. Initially pedotransfer functions from the literature were used to predict different horizon types using local known bulk density datasets. Then the best performing of the pedotransfer functions, were selected to recalibrate and then were validated again using the known data. The predicted co-efficient of determination was 0.5 or greater in 12 of the 17 horizon types studied. These new equations allowed gap filling where bulk density data was missing in part or whole soil profiles. This then allowed the development of an indicative soil bulk density map for Ireland at 0–30 and 30–50 cm horizon depths. In general the horizons with the largest known datasets had the best predictions, using the recalibrated and validated pedotransfer functions.
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Outcome Predictors after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: Results from the Dresden Hip Surgery Registry
Authors: Haase Elisabeth , Kopkow Christian , Beyer Franziska , Lützner Jörg , Kirschner Stephan , Hartmann Albrecht , Schmitt Jochen , Günther Klaus-Peter
Published: October 2015

Purpose

To investigate response rates and predictors of treatment success in patients treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

A prospective register-based cohort study including all consecutive primary THAs was conducted ­between 01/2006-12/2011. Primary outcomes were changes in WOMAC, according to OMERACT-OARSI, and minimal important difference (MID) in quality of life (EQ-5D) between baseline and 6-month follow-up. Socioeconomic and clinical predictors on treatment success were analysed by bivariate/multivariate regression.

Results

The study population included 2,553 patients (mean age 60.8 years; 52.8% female) and 2,391 (93.7%) at follow-up. 2,194 (93.8%) (OMERACT-OARSI) and 2,131 (83.5%) (EQ-5D MID) patients were classified as responders. Predictors for treatment success vs treatment failure were not identified. Obese patients and patients living alone showed less pronounced, and patients with higher educational level more pronounced, improvements in the WOMAC at follow-up.

Conclusions

Treatment with THA leads to improvement in function, decline in pain and increase in quality of life in the vast majority of patients.
Total Hip Arthroplasty through a Direct Anterior Approach for Fused Hips
Authors: Tamaki Tatsuya , Oinuma Kazuhiro , Miura Yoko , Shiratsuchi Hideaki
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) from a fused hip is a challenging procedure because of the technical difficulties involved. Here we report the surgical procedure and the early clinical outcome of conversion THA from a fused hip through a direct anterior approach.

Methods

9 consecutive THAs following hip fusion were performed in 9 patients. Of these, 6 patients had undergone surgical hip fusion and 3 patients had nonsurgical fusion.

Results

The mean time interval between fusion and THA was 29.7 years. The mean follow-up period was 5.2 years. All THAs were performed using a direct anterior approach on a standard surgical table. The mean operative time was 68.7 minutes. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 377 g. All acetabular components were placed within Lewinnek's safe zone. The mean Japanese Orthopaedic Hip Score significantly improved from 54.0 to 73.2. One early anterior dislocation occurred and was treated conservatively. No revision surgery was required.

Conclusions

The direct anterior approach allows for an accurate and less invasive implantation of the total hip components.
Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus in Dialysis Units: A Systematic Review of Reports on Outbreaks
Authors: Fabrizi Fabrizio , Messa Piergiorgio
Published: October 2015

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) outbreaks among patients on hemodialysis are still an important health concern all over the world.

Aims

We performed a systematic review of reports on HCV outbreaks within dialysis units of developed and less-developed countries (between 1992 and 2015) to evaluate risk factors and practices associated with patient-to-patient transmission of HCV in this setting.

Methods

The research was performed using the PubMed Database and the Outbreak Database; studies were selected according to the PRISMA algorithm. Inclusion criteria were established before the papers were retrieved in order to avoid selection biases.

Results

36 papers reported on 45 outbreaks that involved 335 unique patients on maintenance hemodialysis; no fatal cases were detected. Nosocomial transmission of HCV was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis in most (n = 31; 69%) reports. Sharing contaminated hemodialysis machines and multidose vials (heparin or saline solution) was suggested responsible for HCV transmission in 8 (18%) and 6 (13%) outbreaks, respectively. Breaches in environmental cleaning and disinfection practices, and failures in medication preparation and administration practices was considered in 29 (65%) outbreaks; however, the exact mechanism of transmission of HCV could not be ascertained in each facility where an outbreak occurred.

Conclusions

Our systematic review of reports on hepatitis C virus outbreaks shows that, although the full extent of HCV transmission in dialysis units is unknown, outbreaks continue to occur. Full compliance to standard/specific infection control procedures and routine serologic screening for HCV antibody play a pivotal role for preventing the transmission of HCV within hemodialysis units.
Psychological Screening of Onco-Hematologic Inpatients: Distress Thermometer Administration
Authors: Bellè Marta , Muzzatti Barbara , Tomas Maddalena , Gherlinzoni Filippo
Published: October 2015

Purpose

The screening of psychological distress is a milestone in psycho-oncology. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network has established clinical guidelines for detecting and managing it and the Distress Thermometer (DT) was the recommended tool for the screening. Although its utility for oncologic patients has been reported frequently in the literature, less is known about hematologic patients. The present study involves a sample of onco-hematologic adult patients.

Methods

In the current study, we proposed the Distress Thermometer and the Problem List in a sample of hematologic inpatients at Ca’ Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy. We evaluated 102 patients, 61% male and 39% female, median age 59 years (range 18-78). Enrolled patients had acute leukemia (31%), multiple myeloma (31%), or lymphoma (31%).

Results

A total of 41.6% of the patients presented psychological distress, and the DT score was associated with neither sex nor diagnosis. The psychological distress was mild in 21.8%, moderate in 13.8%, and severe in 12.9% of the patients.

Conclusions

Our results were consistent with previous results regarding the validation process of DT in a large sample of Italian cancer patients.
Using Innovative Pedagogies in the Classroom
Authors: Cardow Andrew , Smith Robert
Published: October 2015

It can be difficult to interest students in academic topics if they have no prior exposure to or experience of the subject. The authors introduce and discuss a pedagogic innovation designed to trigger interest in entrepreneurship and ‘enterprise culture’. They use fiction in the form of Gothic context and the vampire motif to move the student through Bloom's cognitive levels of learning. The vampire is a mythic creature spawned from the deepest recesses of folkloric imagination. The entrepreneur might be seen in a similar light. The authors therefore explore these ‘Byronic heroes’ and vampirism as heuristic devices to help re-story and better understand entrepreneurial processes and narratives. They demonstrate that there are elements of enterprise discourse in contemporary narratives and images of vampires. The analysis is based on observations of the late 1990s early 2000s teenage television serial ‘Buffy the Vampire Slayer’, which retains its popular and academic cult status. Through the identification of the familiar (vampires and Buffy) as examples of the entrepreneurial construct, the unfamiliar (the construct of entrepreneurship) is made more accessible because both students and faculty approach it from a shared understanding rather than from a position of inequality. Themes of morphology and transformation emerge, but the paper's main contribution lies in its account of a novel way of teaching entrepreneurship to a new generation of students. It offers insights into making entrepreneurship more interesting for students and so into developing an entrepreneurial mindset. At the same time, the process allows for discussion of how the student has become aware of the concepts of entrepreneurship, thus facilitating knowledge in a non-threatening way.
Can a Short Intensive Course Affect Entrepreneurial Ability, Knowledge and Intent, or Further Entrepreneurial Study?
Authors: Cornwall Jon , Kirkwood Jodyanne , Clark Gavin J. , Silvey Stephen , Appleby Ruth D. , Wolkenhauer Svea Mara , Panjabi Jayashree , Gluyas Eva , Brain Chelsea , Abbott Matthew
Published: October 2015

The SEED (Student Enterprise Experience in Dunedin) programme was developed as a four-week, intensive entrepreneurial ‘boot camp’ to provide a small group of participants with a highly experiential business course. Using pre-course and post-course surveys, the authors measured the entrepreneurial ability, knowledge and intentions of the sixteen SEED participants to determine whether the programme was successful as an educational format. The results showed that perceived entrepreneurial ability and knowledge significantly improved, while intent increased but not significantly. Almost all participants intended to start a business both before and after the course, while twice as many (six) indicated that they would undertake further formal study in entrepreneurship after the course compared to before. The data suggest that SEED is filling a niche in entrepreneurial development and support for budding entrepreneurs, with the course also facilitating local business development.
The BHEF National Higher Education and Workforce Initiative
Authors: Fitzgerald Brian K. , Barkanic Steve , Cardenas-Navia Isabel , Elzey Karen , Hughes Debbie , Troyan Danielle
Published: October 2015

BHEF has achieved particular success in operationalizing its National Higher Education and Workforce Initiative (HEWI) in Maryland focusing on cybersecurity. Leveraging its membership of corporate CEOs, university presidents and government agency leaders, BHEF partnered with the University System of Maryland to build a system-wide response to the state's (and nation's) cybersecurity workforce challenges. BHEF's work in Maryland illustrates that it is indeed possible to effect swift, significant change and innovation in higher education with the goal of better aligning curricula and student outcomes with high-skill workforce needs. This pace of change hinges on the genuine commitment, expertise and investment of resources by motivated stakeholders. This case study describes how the Maryland regional initiative, as part of HEWI, operationalizes BHEF strategies. It also describes how the effort is expanding geographically to involve more partners in industry, government and higher education.
Dynamic Impacts of Income and the Exchange Rate on US Tourism, 1960–2011
Authors: Chi Junwook
Published: October 2015

This paper examines the short-run and long-run impacts of income and exchange rates on US exports and imports of tourism to improve understanding of the dynamic determinants of the US tourism trade balance. Using the bounds testing to cointegration procedure and data for the period 1960–2011, the paper finds that in the long run both US exports and imports of tourism are highly responsive to changes in real income, implying that the relative growth of foreign to domestic income is the key determinant of the US tourism trade balance. The real exchange rate is found to be a significant long-run factor affecting that balance. This finding indicates that an appreciation (depreciation) of US dollars deteriorates (improves) the US tourism trade balance. In the short run, income tends to have a significant impact on US exports and imports of tourism.
The impact of the Australian carbon tax on the tourism industry
Authors: Meng Sam , Pham Tien
Published: October 2015

Using an environmentally extended social accounting matrix as well as a computable general equilibrium model, this study gauges the economic and environmental impact of Australian carbon tax, with an emphasis on the tourism industry. The results of the simulation show that a carbon tax of US$23 per tonne is very effective in achieving emissions reduction but also causes a mild economic contraction. Although the nominal value of tourism expenditure registers an insignificantly positive growth as a consequence of the carbon tax, the real expenditure value shows a significant decline in both inbound and domestic tourism demand. The household compensation package stimulates domestic tourism considerably but discourages inbound tourism further by contributing to a significant appreciation of the Australian dollar.
A methodology pathway to develop a Computer Drug Safety program in Primary health care setting based on clinical audit
Authors: Trtica Ljiljana Majnarić , Guljaš S. , Šabanović Š.
Published: October 2015

Objective: Medications management is an area in Primary health care (PHC) and General Practice (GP) setting where decision making is very important. Computer Decision Support program have been developed to help primary physicians in their decisions and have proved effective in improving the process of care and promising in economic issues.Methods: In order to create a Computer Drug Safety (CDS) program for managing oral anticoagulant therapy for use in PHC and GP setting with developed Information Technology (IT) System and established electronic Health Records (eHRs), we used clinical audit (a real-life practice analysis) as the methodology framework. We assumed that this method would enable a proposed CDS program to cope with clinical complexity of GP patients taking oral anticoagulants and also suggest this method as the operative framework for Quality of Care (QC) improvement and practice research.Results: By using clinical audit, we were able to identify the list of elements necessary for building up a feasible CDS program for a long-term oral anticoagulant therapy surveillance, for use in PHC and GP setting. According to this list of elements, we were able to create a paper based concept (a schemata) for this program development. This CDS program would not be a simple drug-dose calculator, but a comprehensive software support system integrated within the existing IT work applications.Conclusions: The main benefits, expected from this proposed CDS program, include: learning from work experience, oral anticoagulant QC improvement, better patients compliance to long-term treatment with the drug warfarin, practice performance follow up and practice research.
Jon D. Levenson. Inheriting Abraham: The Legacy of the Patriarch in Judaism, Christianity and Islam
Authors: Mikva Rachel S.
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Alan L. Berger, Ed. Post-Holocaust Jewish-Christian Relations: After the Flood, Before the Rainbow
Authors: Sandmel David Fox
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
David Rudolph and Joel Willitts, Eds. Introduction to Messianic Judaism: Its Ecclesial Context and Biblical Foundations
Authors: Ariel Yaakov
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Rupert and Bekhor Shor
Authors: Gottlieb Isaac , Vanning Stewart
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Robert W. Jenson and Eugene B. Korn, Eds. Covenant & Hope: Christian and Jewish Reflections
Authors: Sherman Franklin
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
Implications of Paul's Hopes for the End of Days for Jews and Christians Today: A Critical Re-evaluation of the Evidence
Authors: Cunningham Philip A. , Nanos Mark D.
Published: October 2015

In the past decade or so, Paul’s ideas about the eschaton as expressed in Romans 11 have been invoked in a lively discussion about why the Catholic Church today does not organize campaigns to convert Jews to Christianity. Particularly important have been his words about “the full number of the Gentiles.” This essay asks if Paul’s letters require, or support as most appropriate today, a triumphal Christian expectation that at the end of days Jews will inevitably admit that they had been wrong all along in saying “no” to the Christian proclamation of the Gospel. It suggests that a crucial factor is whether Christian readings of Romans 11 today—as well as typical translations of Romans 11—are predicated on a view of Paul as an apostate who departed from Judaism. It argues that current actualizations of Pauline eschatology are quite different if Paul is instead understood as an apostle to the nations from within Judaism. It concludes that present-day eschatological scenarios need to have greater complexity than simplistic zero-sum phrases like “a Jewish turn to Christ” or “Christians will see their error,” and that Paul himself—in a very different religious world—tried to resist such binary thinking when it came to Jews and non-Jews.
Mary C. Boys. Redeeming our Sacred Story: The Death of Jesus and Relations between Jews and Christians
Authors: Moyaert Marianne
Published: October 2015

No abstract is available.
A molecular mechanism underlying gustatory memory trace for an association in the insular cortex
Authors: Adaikkan Chinnakkaruppan , Rosenblum Kobi
Published: October 2015

Events separated in time are associatively learned in trace conditioning, recruiting more neuronal circuits and molecular mechanisms than in delay conditioning. However, it remains unknown whether a given sensory memory trace is being maintained as a unitary item to associate. Here, we used conditioned taste aversion learning in the rat model, wherein animals associate a novel taste with visceral nausea, and demonstrate that there are two parallel memory traces of a novel taste: a short-duration robust trace, lasting approximately 3 hr, and a parallel long-duration weak one, lasting up to 8 hr, and dependent on the strong trace for its formation. Moreover, only the early robust trace is maintained by a NMDAR-dependent CaMKII- AMPAR pathway in the insular cortex. These findings suggest that a memory trace undergoes rapid modifications, and that the mechanisms underlying trace associative learning differ when items in the memory are experienced at different time points.
Vilya, a component of the recombination nodule, is required for meiotic double-strand break formation in Drosophila
Authors: Lake Cathleen M , Nielsen Rachel J , Guo Fengli , Unruh Jay R , Slaughter Brian D , Hawley R Scott
Published: October 2015

Meiotic recombination begins with the induction of programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs). In most organisms only a fraction of DSBs become crossovers. Here we report a novel meiotic gene, vilya, which encodes a protein with homology to Zip3-like proteins shown to determine DSB fate in other organisms. Vilya is required for meiotic DSB formation, perhaps as a consequence of its interaction with the DSB accessory protein Mei-P22, and localizes to those DSB sites that will mature into crossovers. In early pachytene Vilya localizes along the central region of the synaptonemal complex and to discrete foci. The accumulation of Vilya at foci is dependent on DSB formation. Immuno-electron microscopy demonstrates that Vilya is a component of recombination nodules, which mark the sites of crossover formation. Thus Vilya links the mechanism of DSB formation to either the selection of those DSBs that will become crossovers or to the actual process of crossing over.
Two-subunit DNA escort mechanism and inactive subunit bypass in an ultra-fast ring ATPase
Authors: Liu Ninning , Chistol Gheorghe , Bustamante Carlos
Published: October 2015

SpoIIIE is a homo-hexameric dsDNA translocase responsible for completing chromosome segregation in Bacillus subtilis. Here, we use a single-molecule approach to monitor SpoIIIE translocation when challenged with neutral-backbone DNA and non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs. We show that SpoIIIE makes multiple essential contacts with phosphates on the 5'→3' strand in the direction of translocation. Using DNA constructs with two neutral-backbone segments separated by a single charged base pair, we deduce that SpoIIIE’s step size is 2 bp. Finally, experiments with non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs suggest that SpoIIIE can operate with non-consecutive inactive subunits. We propose a two-subunit escort translocation mechanism that is strict enough to enable SpoIIIE to track one DNA strand, yet sufficiently compliant to permit the motor to bypass inactive subunits without arrest. We speculate that such a flexible mechanism arose for motors that, like SpoIIIE, constitute functional bottlenecks where the inactivation of even a single motor can be lethal for the cell.
Mapping neural circuits with CLARITY
Authors: Willard Amanda M , Gittis Aryn H
Published: October 2015

The use of whole-brain imaging has shed new light on the organization of the dopamine system.
Pediatric Low Vision Management
Authors: Gur Sunita Lulla
Published: October 2015

Vision is responsible for 80 -90% of what the child learns during first 6 years of life and promotes growth and development. Specific expertise and methodology is required to evaluate and manage children with low vision. Pediatric low vision care is no longer limited to magnifiers, large print books or white cane. Through this review on low vision in pediatric population, early intervention, functional vision, use of available diagnostic and types of low vision devices are highlighted. A multidisciplinary, holistic approach and coordinated effort will make children with low vision maximize the residual vision for educational, recreational, social, developmental and quality of life.
Ocular manifestations of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Bakhda Rahul Navinchandra
Published: October 2015

Pregnancy induced Hypertension (PIH) can have grave consequences for both mother and foetus. Ocular involvement is common in majority of cases of PIH. Most common symptoms are blurring of vision, photopsias, scotomas, and diplopia. Ocular involvement includes conjunctival vascular anomalies, hypertensive retinopathy, exudative retinal detachment, vitreous and pre-retinal haemorrhages, ischemic optic neuropathy and hypertensive choroidopathy. This review discusses the ophthalmic manifestations of PIH with special emphasis on retinal changes. The ocular vascular changes have been said to correlate with the severity of hypertension and ophthalmic examination is very helpful for evaluation, diagnosis and prompt management.
Anterior Segment Nd:YAG Laser Procedures: to Study Intraocular Pressure Spikes and Their Prevention
Authors: Singh Manav Deep , Sharma Nidhi , Jain Shikha
Published: October 2015

Purpose:

To find out quantum of increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) following anterior segment Nd: YAG laser procedures and extent to which this increase is preventable by different groups of anti-glaucoma drugs.

Methods:

Study design: Cross sectional, randomized, double blind analytical study. One hundred and seventy four eyes of 174 patients who underwent anterior segment Nd:YAG laser procedures {peripheral iridotomy (LPI)/ capsulotomy (YLC)}, using energy limited to 50 mJ, were randomized into five groups. Patients in group 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 received topical Brimonidine tartarate 0.2%, oral Acetazolamide 250mg, topical Dorzolamide hydrochloride 2%, lubricating eye drops plus oral calcium tablets and topical Timolol maleate 0.5% respectively. Patients getting active topical drug were additionally given oral calcium and those getting oral active drug were given topical lubricating drops in a double blind manner. Intraocular pressure was measured at 1, 3, 5 and 24 hours post laser.

Results:

Rise of IOP from baseline to 1, 3, 5 or 24 hours was not found to be significant in any of the groups receiving ocular hypotensive drug (p>0.05). In the placebo group, the rise of IOP was significant only in one patient at 1, 3 and 5 hours post laser which came down to insignificant levels at 24 hours.

Conclusion:

Limiting the use of energy (< 50 mJ/ sitting) during Nd:YAG laser procedures may prevent post laser IOP spikes and obviate the use of ocular hypotensive drugs. In high risk cases, amongst the anti glaucoma drugs, α agonists can be prescribed.
Comparison of The Effect of Topical Bromfenac With Nepafenac in Maintaining Mydriasis During Cataract Surgery
Authors: Bansal Garima , Gupta Surabhi , Kumar Sanjiv , Kansal Saurabh
Published: October 2015

Obiective:

To compare the effectiveness of prophylactic administration of topical nepafenac (0.1%) and bromfenac (0.09%) in maintaining mydriasis during cataract surgery.

Methods:

This was a randomized, double masked comparison study involving adult cataract patients given topical NSAIDs (nepafenac or bromfenac) or carboxymethylcellulose (control) prior to cataract surgery. Horizontal and vertical diameters of pupil were measured before and after surgery and the mean values were compared across the three groups.

Results:

The decrease in pupil size was more significant in group A (control) as compared to that in group B (nepafenac) and in group C (bromfenac) (p < 0.001). The decrease in pupil size was not significant in group B as compared to that in group C (p < 0.70). Mydriasis during surgery was well maintained in groups B and C as compared to group A.

Conclusion:

Both nepafenac (0.1%) and bromfenac (0.09%) given one day prior to the surgery are effective in maintaining pupil size during the cataract surgery but the less frequent dosing of bromfenac can be of advantage in improving the patient compliance.
Sutureless Phacotrabeculectomy – A New Modality of Combined Cataract Extraction and Trabeculectomy
Authors: Sajjad Sheikh , Rashid Wasim , Shaheen Nusrat , Lone Imtiyaz , Latif Mehreen
Published: October 2015

Background:

Sutureless phacotrabeculectomy technique has varied deliberations among ophthalmologists. Improvements in surgical techniques have made sutureless phacotrabeculectomy better in terms of success and postoperative complications.

Obiective:

To describe and evaluate the results of sutureless phacotrabeculectomy with intraocular lens implantation.

Methods:

The present study was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Ophthalmology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College and Hospital, Bemina Srinagar. The study included 40 eyes of 40 consecutive patients, suffering from primary open angle glaucoma with co-existing cataract. Intraoperative complications and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure (I.O.P), Bleb status and complications were evaluated for a follow up period of 6 months.

Results:

The mean preoperative I.O.P was 32.53mmHg and mean postoperative IOP was 11.96+3.27mmHg at 2 months and 14.45+4.43 mmHg at six months. The reduction in mean IOP at the end of six months was 55.6%(p<0.001). Blebs were visible in 36 cases which were diffuse in character. Postoperative complications were hypotony in 2 cases and hyphaema in 1 case. The preoperative mean of 3.16 antiglaucoma medications decreased to 0.31 postoperatively (p<0.001). Visual acuity improved in 36 patients, 20 patients had an acuity of 20/40 or better.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that sutureless phacotrabeculectomy may be performed as a safe and effective procedure in the management of coexisting cataract and glaucoma.
First ever cross comparison of thermospheric wind measured by narrow‐ and wide‐field optical Doppler spectroscopy
Authors: Dhadly M. S. , Meriwether J. , Conde M. , Hampton D.
Published: October 2015

We present the first ever cross comparisons of F region horizontal neutral wind measurements taken using two different types of optical Doppler spectrometer: all‐sky scanning Doppler imagers (SDI) and narrow‐field Fabry‐Perot interferometers (NFPIs). Horizontal neutral winds were inferred using bistatic observations from three NFPIs, together with monostatic and bistatic observations from two SDIs. All instruments were located in Alaska. Cross comparisons were made for a total of seven nights in January and February 2010. The results show a high degree of correlation between the diurnal behaviors of the line‐of‐sight (LOS) winds measured by both instruments. The SDI and NFPI LOS wind time series also often contained high‐frequency fluctuations with similar overall characteristics, strongly suggesting that these fluctuations were geophysical in origin. However, the amplitude of the high‐frequency component was stronger in the NFPI LOS wind than in the SDI data. Even the smallest SDI angular resolution element is much larger than the NFPI field of view, suggesting that its relative insensitivity to high frequencies is because these fluctuations are associated with local‐scale structures whose spatial extent is smaller than ∼40 km spanned by the smallest SDI viewing field. Upon fitting vectors to the LOS wind data, close agreement was found between the wind components estimated by the two types of instrument. Discrepancies that did arise occurred most often when the neutral wind speed was weak, suggesting that conditions capable of driving higher neutral wind speeds also suppressed the development of small‐scale structures in the thermospheric neutral wind fields.
The blue luminous events observed by ISUAL payload on board FORMOSAT‐2 satellite
Authors: Kuo C. L. , Su H. T. , Hsu R. R
Published: October 2015

We report the blue luminous events observed by the Imager of Sprite/Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) payload on board the FORMOSAT‐2 satellite. The ISUAL 427.8 nm filtered Imager campaign was conducted near Australia in the summer of the Southern Hemisphere during February–March 2008. On 18 February 2008, the 427.8 nm filtered Imager recorded a series of blue luminous events. One blue starter and nine smaller blue starters were recorded in 2 min and 34 s in a localized region with the radius < 4 km over the cloud top. The average time interval between subsequent blue luminous events was ~ 17 s. The occurrence rate of blue luminous events was 3.5 events per minute, slightly lower than the occurrence rate of pixies (4.2 events per minute) but higher than the occurrence rate of gnomes and blue jets in the previous observations. The recorded first blue starter lasted up to 2–3 frame times (60–90 ms) and extended its altitude about 8 ± 0.3 km with a width of ~2–4 km over the cloud top. After the first blue starter, subsequent nine smaller blue starters had the decreased heights of ~2–4 km, and their optical duration was shorter and is down to 1 ms. But their major emissions were 2PN2 and 1NN2+, without lightning OI 777.4 nm emission. The ISUAL recorded blue smaller starters had the spatial average brightness of 130 kR for the 427.8 nm filtered Imager with exposure time (29 ms) and 1.2 MR for the spectrophotometer (337 nm). Using the spectrophotometer, the emission time of blue starters was 1 ms. It is estimated that the 1NN2+ emission was ~ 22 MR and the 2PN2 emission was ~ 132 MR. We can estimate the degree of ionization was 10−11–10−12 in these blue luminous events using the 427.8 nm filtered Imager measured 1NN2+ (0,1) emission.
Photomediated Reactive Oxygen Species‐Generable Nanoparticles for Triggered Release and Endo/Lysosomal Escape of Drug upon Attenuated Single Light Irradiation
Authors: Seo Eun Ha , Lee Chung‐Sung , Na Kun
Published: October 2015

Nanoparticles with “smart” stimuli‐responsive materials and multiple therapeutic strategies in a single delivery platform have emerged for highly efficient cancer therapy. Here, photomediated reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐generable nanoparticles are designed that can trigger drug release and endo/lysosomal escape upon attenuated single light irradiation, simultaneously, for synergistic chemo‐photodynamic ablation. In this study, the self‐ROS‐generable nanoparticles (SRNs) are prepared from the polymer based on polysaccharide, chlorin e6 as ROS generator and lipoic acid as ROS scavenger covalently conjugated pullulan with anticancer drug (doxorubicin, DOX) through self‐assembly, and can disassemble via the ROS‐mediated reduction of lipoyl group in response to low level exogenous single light switch. After cellular internalization in hepatic cancer through asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR, as pullulan receptor)‐mediated endocytosis, once irradiated, SRNs are able to produce ROS that can simultaneously induce drug release triggering and endo/lysosomal escape of DOX into cytoplasm as well as directly photodynamic therapy for highly efficient chemo‐photodynamic cancer therapy. This promising delivery system, which has huge potential in biomedical applications, may be optimal for smart delivery platform.
Energy Consumption Estimation of Organic Nonvolatile Memory Devices on a Flexible Plastic Substrate
Authors: Jang Jingon , Song Younggul , Yoo Daekyoung , Cho Kyungjune , Kim Youngrok , Pak Jinsu , Min Misook , Lee Takhee
Published: October 2015

The energy consumption during the operation of organic nonvolatile memory devices fabricated on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate is investigated. For bistable resistive memory devices, the applied external voltage and time are essential factors for switching the memory cell from the OFF to ON state because the amounts of voltage and time determine the applied energy needed to set the memory cell. Using the composite material polyimide (PI) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the active layer of the bistable resistive memory devices on a flexible PEN substrate, nonvolatile unipolar switching behavior and good electrical reliability of PI:PCBM memory devices are observed, and the relationship between the applied energy and the switching characteristics for various applied voltages and times is characterized. The results of the performed experiments show that higher ON state currents are reached as greater set voltages or times are applied, and reliable switching behavior is observed at over ≈10−6 J of applied energy with at least 4 V of applied voltage and 10 ms of pulse time.
All Transparent Metal Oxide Ultraviolet Photodetector
Authors: Patel Malkeshkumar , Kim Hong‐Sik , Kim Joondong
Published: October 2015

A high‐performing UV photodetector that uses large energy bandgap materials of p‐type NiO and n‐type ZnO without an opaque metal electrode is reported. A quality heterojunction is formed by large‐area applicable sputtering deposition method that has an extremely low saturation current density of 0.1 μA cm−2. This abrupt p‐NiO/n‐ZnO heterojunction device is visible‐light transparent and shows the fastest photoresponse time of 24 ms among NiO‐based UV photodetectors, along with the highest responsivity (3.85 A W−1) and excellent detectivity (9.6 × 1013 Jones) properties. Structural, physical, optical, and electrical properties of nanocrystalline NiO are systematically investigated. Mott–Schottky analyses are applied to develop the interface of NiO and ZnO by establishing energy diagrams. Defects existing inside the nanocrystalline NiO film enhance the UV detection performance by defect‐assisted carrier transportation. The results provide a solid scheme of manipulation of NiO defects for functional photoelectric device applications.
Photo‐Rechargeable Electric Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Schmidt Daniel , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: October 2015

The global energy demand is increasing at the same time as fossil fuel resources are dwindling. Consequently, the search for alternative energy sources is a major topic worldwide. Solar energy is one of the most promising, effective and emission‐free energy sources. However, the energy has to be stored to compensate the fluctuating availability of the sun and the actual energy demand. Photo‐rechargeable electric energy storage systems may solve this problem by immediately storing the generated electricity. Different combinations of solar cells and storage devices are possible. High efficiencies can be achieved by the combination of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and capacitors. However, other hybrid devices including DSSCs or organic photovoltaic systems and redox flow batteries, lithium ion batteries and metal air batteries are playing an increasing role in this research field. This Progress Report reviews the state of the art research of photo‐rechargeable batteries based on organic solar cells, as well as storage modules.
Freshwater mollusc assemblages and habitat associations in the Danube River drainage, Hungary
Authors: Bódis Erika , Tóth Bence , Sousa Ronaldo
Published: October 2015

Native freshwater mollusc diversity has been declining over the past decades. For developing efficient conservation management plans for molluscs, it is especially important to identify areas with high native biodiversity.

The River Danube is one of the most important freshwater ecosystems in Europe and should receive special attention. The main objective of this work was to characterize the composition, diversity and conservation status of freshwater molluscs occurring in the Hungarian Danube River Drainage in five river habitat types (main channel of the Rivers Danube and Tisza, side channels of River Danube, tributaries of Rivers Danube and Tisza).

In total, 53 mollusc species were identified including 10 invasive species and 12 species of conservation concern. The main determining factors of mollusc composition were sediment characteristics, current velocity and oxygen content. Nitrate–nitrogen, ammonium–nitrogen, and calcium content also play a key role.

Overall, density, species richness and diversity showed significant differences between habitat types. The highest diversity values were detected in the side channels, but the highest proportion of threatened species was observed in the tributaries. The highest number and proportion of invasive species was detected in the main channel of the Danube. Most of the recorded invasive species were previously documented in side channels and the adjacent wetlands, but did not invade the tributaries.

Tributaries may provide refuges for native molluscs and could be considered as ‘source’ populations, which may be critically important in the regional maintenance of threatened species. Tributaries are still less disturbed and less invaded; and should be given priority in future conservation management plans.

Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of School Bullying Among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Maïano Christophe , Normand Claude L. , Salvas Marie‐Claude , Moullec Grégory , Aimé Annie
Published: October 2015

The true extent of school bullying among youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remains an underexplored area. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to: (a) assess the proportion of school‐aged youth with ASD involved in school bullying as perpetrators, victims or both; (b) examine whether the observed prevalence estimates vary when different sources of heterogeneity related to the participants' characteristics and to the assessment methods are considered; and (c) compare the risk of school bullying between youth with ASD and their typically developing (TD) peers. A systematic literature search was performed and 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The resulting pooled prevalence estimate for general school bullying perpetration, victimization and both was 10%, 44%, and 16%, respectively. Pooled prevalence was also estimated for physical, verbal, and relational school victimization and was 33%, 50%, and 31%, respectively. Moreover, subgroup analyses showed significant variations in the pooled prevalence by geographic location, school setting, information source, type of measures, assessment time frame, and bullying frequency criterion. Finally, school‐aged youth with ASD were found to be at greater risk of school victimization in general, as well as verbal bullying, than their TD peers. Autism Res 2016, 9: 601–615. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Sesquiterpene Oxidations with CYP260A1 and CYP264B1 from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56
Authors: Schifrin Alexander , Litzenburger Martin , Ringle Michael , Ly Thuy T. B. , Bernhardt Rita
Published: October 2015

Sesquiterpenes are natural products derived from the common precursor farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) but are highly diverse in structure and function. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) exhibit the unique ability to introduce molecular oxygen into non‐activated C−H bonds. In plant biosynthetic pathways, P450s commonly derivatize sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. However, the potential of bacterial P450s for terpene derivatization is still underinvestigated. This work compares the substrate specificities and regioselectivities of the sesquiterpene hydroxylases CYP260A1 and CYP264B1 from myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So ce56. Four tested substrate classes (eremophilanes, humulanes, caryophyllanes, and cedranes) were converted by both P450s. The achievable variety of oxidations is demonstrated on the model substrates (+)‐nootkatone and zerumbone. Increasing the number of functionally investigated P450s, this study represents a step towards the selective derivatization of sesquiterpenes.
Transient Interactions of a Cytosolic Protein with Macromolecular and Vesicular Cosolutes: Unspecific and Specific Effects
Authors: Ceccon Alberto , Busato Mirko , Pérez Santero Silvia , D'Onofrio Mariapina , Musiani Francesco , Giorgetti Alejandro , Assfalg Michael
Published: October 2015

Cytosolic proteins do not occur as isolated but are exposed to many interactions within a crowded cellular environment. We investigated the associations between a test cytosolic protein, human ileal bile acid binding protein (IBABP), and model cosolutes mimicking macromolecular and lipid membrane intracellular components. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, heteronuclear NMR, and molecular dynamics, we found that IBABP associated weakly with anionic lipid vesicles and experienced transient unspecific contacts with albumin. Localized dynamic perturbations were observed even in the case of apparent unspecific binding. IBABP and ubiquitin did not display mutually attractive forces, whereas IBABP associated specifically with lysozyme. A structural model of the IBABP–lysozyme complex was obtained by data‐driven docking simulation. Presumably, all the interactions shown here contribute to modulating functional communication of a protein in its native environment.