bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorptive separation and recovery of triacetic acid lactone from fermentation broth
Authors: Singh Ramkrishna , Bhagwat Sarang S. , Viswanathan Mothi Bharath , Cortés‐Peña Yoel R. , Eilts Kristen K. , McDonough Grace , Cao Mingfeng , Guest Jeremy S. , Zhao Huimin , Singh Vijay
Published: August 2022

Triacetic acid lactone (TAL), an emerging bioprivileged molecule, can be produced microbially and further chemically upgraded to several high‐value chemicals. In this work, several acidic and basic ion‐exchange resins and activated charcoal were evaluated for their ability to adsorb microbially produced TAL. Activated charcoal and a weak base resin, Dowex 66, showed similar TAL adsorption capacity of 0.18 ± 0.002 g/g. At 15% w/v activated charcoal, about 98% of TAL present in fermentation broth could be adsorbed. Further, ethanol washing allowed recovery of 72% of adsorbed TAL. A biorefinery producing TAL from sucrose was designed, simulated, and evaluated (through technoeconomic analysis) under uncertainty, for an estimated TAL minimum product selling price (MPSP) of $4.27/kg ($3.71–4.94/kg; 5th–95th percentiles) given the current state of technology and $2.83/kg ($2.46–3.29/kg) following potential near‐term improvements to fermentation. This work provides an adsorptive process for the recovery of microbially produced TAL that can be upgraded chemically to a range of industrial products. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Biotechnological valorization of oilseed cakes: Substrate optimization by simplex centroid mixture design and scale‐up to tray bioreactor
Authors: Sousa Daniel , Salgado José Manuel , Cambra‐López Maria , Dias Alberto , Belo Isabel
Published: August 2022

Sunflower (SFC), rapeseed (RSC), and soybean cakes (SBC) are examples of oilseed cakes (OC) used in animal feed. Bioprocessing of these OC by solid‐state fermentation (SSF) aims to boost OC applications in feed and other industries by reducing antinutritional factors and releasing enzymes and antioxidants. A simplex centroid design was performed to optimize the substrate composition of SFC, RSC and SBC mixtures that maximize lignocellulolytic enzymes production by SSF with Aspergillus niger and consequently improve the nutritional properties of OC. Enzyme production by SSF of OC mixtures exceeded the activity values obtained using a single oilseed cake. A mixture composed of 50% (w/w) RSC and SBC was found to be the optimum substrate. The scale‐up from flasks to tray‐type bioreactors demonstrated SSF reproducibility, leading to the production of 299 U g−1 cellulase, 1476 U g−1 xylanase, 191 U g−1 β‐glucosidase and 220 U g−1 protease. The obtained enzymatic extract also presented antioxidant activity (around 50 μmol Trolox equivalents/g). This study demonstrated that bioprocessing of OC mixtures through SSF is an effective approach to obtain value‐added products with applications as feed or feed additives and to increase the liberation of bioactive compounds with applications in the feed, food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The preoperative value of fine‐needle aspiration in adult soft tissue lesions: An analysis of 514 cases at Shanghai Cancer Center
Authors: Fang Meng , Wang Bingnan , Zheng Biqiang , Yan Wangjun
Published: August 2022

Background

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a rapid, inexpensive, and uncomplicated method. However, its role in the assessment of soft tissue lesions (STL) remains controversial, and its ability to guide surgical treatment remains unclear. This study investigated the positive predictive value (PPV) of FNA for detecting malignancy and its guiding role in the surgical treatment of STL.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 514 patients with STL who underwent preoperative FNA and surgical resection between March 2015 and August 2021. Imaging assessments confirmed that radical surgery was possible. The FNA results were compared with the final postoperative histopathology.

Results

Of the 514 patients with STL, 496 (mean age, 48.9 years; range, 21–91 years) were eligible for analysis, the male to female ratio was 111:100. According to the 496 FNA results, 90 (18.2%) were positive for malignancy, 84 (16.9%) were suspicious for malignancy, 80 (16.1%) were spindle cell present, and 242 (48.8%) were negative for malignant cells. Compared with postoperative histopathology, FNA correctly detected all 90 malignant lesions and 203 of the 242 benign lesions. A total of 39 false‐negative results were obtained. FNA showed an accuracy of 88.3%, sensitivity of 69.8%, specificity of 100%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 83.9%, and PPV of 100%. In the other seven validation cohorts (n = 1157), FNA had a consistently high PPV, with values all more than 93%.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that FNA has a high PPV for detecting malignancy. For patients with resectable lesions and malignant FNA, the core needle biopsy (CNB) step can be omitted with multidisciplinary evaluation, and subsequent radical surgery can be performed.
Turanecio hypochionaeus: Determination of Its Polyphenol Contents, and Bioactivities Potential Assisted with in Silico Studies
Authors: Kısa Dursun , Imamoglu Rizvan , Kaya Zafer , Taskin‐Tok Tugba , Taslimi Parham
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the phenolic composition of Turanecio hypochionaeus Bosse and determine the anti‐urease, anti‐lipase, antidiabetic, anti‐melanogenesis, antibacterial, and anti‐Alzheimer properties. IC50 results for all enzymes were obtained between 0.234–116.50 μg/mL and this plant inhibited HMG_CoA R and glucosidase enzymes more with IC50 values of 0.234 and 116.50 μg/mL, respectively. Among the 11 secondary metabolites identified in T. hypochionaeus extract, chlorogenic acid 255.459±1.17 μg g−1), benzoic acid (56.251±1.98 μg g−1), and catechin (29.029±0.27 μg g−1) were determined as the most abundant phenolic compounds. According to the results of the tested microorganisms, the plant extracts showed antimicrobial and antifungal properties in a dose‐dependent manner. In molecular docking study, the interactions of active compounds extracted from Turanecio hypochionaeus plant and showing activity against diverse metabolic enzymes were examined. The most active compound 1, (chlorogenic acid) has −12.80, −12.80, −12.60 and −12.00 kcal/mol binding energy value against HMG_CoA R, and α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, and lipase, respectively.
Substituent Orchestration in Dimethylquinoxaline Derivatives: A Tool for Fishing Out Appropriate CDK5 Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer's
Authors: Jain Arvind Kumar , Gupta Arindam , Karthikeyan C. , Trivedi Piyush , Konar Anita Dutt
Published: August 2022

A set of new heterocyclic analogs (CompoundsI–IX), comprising of 6,7 dimethyl Quinoxalines were found to be active against the receptor GSK3β (CompoundsIV–V) (Chem. Biodiversity2021,18, e2100364). In an effort to modulate effective CDK5 inhibitors herein our hypothesis underpinned to fish out an appropriate derivative from the same quinoxaline series, as these two targets GSK3β and CDK5 shared structural resemblance with each other. Aligned to the goal we have synthesized CompoundsI–IX, characterized them using a combination of spectroscopic techniques and evaluated their activities against CDK5. Our analysis reflected that the adjacently located alkoxy/hydroxy functionality derivatives namely CompoundsIIIandVI, to be the most potent (micromolar) amongst others in the series, backed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and molecular modelling studies. Also, the efficacy of the CompoundsI–IX, were monitored in few other members of the CMGC family namely DYRK1A, CLK1and CK1δ that have been known to be directly involved in hyperphosphorylation of Tau. But unfortunately in none of the targets, our quinoxaline series were active. In a nut shell further optimisation of these intelligent nucleus, would not only lead to the discovery of novel pharmacophores, but also marked selectivity against a pool of kinases, thereby implementing a distinct roadmap towards the design of potential therapeutics against Alzheimer's.
Rare case of aspergillus brain abscess in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Eftekhar Seyed Parsa , Akbari Roghayeh
Published: August 2022

We present a case of aspergillus brain abscess in a 48‐year‐old woman with a history of kidney transplantation and no underlying central nervous system (CNS) disease. Follow‐up of the patient for 4 years shows normal findings. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment could improve the prognosis of this fatal complication.
Frontal sinus mucocele with orbital extension drained via a combined upper lid skin crease and endoscopic approach
Authors: Clarke Kirsty Michelle , Wilde Caroline , Walker Abi , Little Sarah , Osborne Sarah F.
Published: August 2022

This case report discusses the ophthalmic complications of frontal sinus mucoceles and describes the favorable long‐term surgical outcomes of a combined endoscopic and upper‐lid skin crease drainage approach carried out jointly with otorhinolaryngology. A 47‐year‐old single mother presented to eye casualty with markedly swollen eyelids and visual acuity of 6/6 in the left eye, no perception of light in the right. Ophthalmic examination revealed right‐sided hypoglobus and proptosis with exposure keratopathy inferiorly. There was complete ophthalmoplegia in the right eye and a hemorrhagic optic disc visible on fundoscopy. CT orbit with contrast confirmed a diagnosis of giant frontal mucocele with orbital extension. The patient underwent mucocele drainage via a modified anterior orbitotomy approach and FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery) drainage performed jointly with otorhinolaryngology. Two weeks post‐operatively her proptosis was resolving and by three months she had regained full extraocular motility. As expected, vision was not restored in the right eye. At one year, the patient's upper lid skin crease scar was completely buried in the eyelid's natural contour, and repeat CT scanning confirmed no re‐stenosis or mucocele recurrence. This case demonstrates, that a multidisciplinary approach to far‐lateral frontal sinus mucoceles with orbital extension and ophthalmic complications which combines an upper lid skin crease incision with FESS drainage, allows adequate access to the frontal sinus while preserving cosmesis.
Giant retrocrural plasmacytoma as a relapse of multiple myeloma
Authors: Feki Afef , Imen Sellami , Zouhour Gassara , Samar Ben Djemaa , Mariam Ezzeddine , Mohamed Hedi Kallel , Rachid Jlidi , Hela Fourati , Rim Akrout , Sofien Baklouti
Published: August 2022

The aim of our clinical image is to report an unusual retrocrural plasmacytoma relapsing a multiple myeloma.
Congenital self‐healing reticulohistiocytosis: An atypical presentation acquired in a 10‐month‐old
Authors: Yuki Christopher S. , Young Patrick J. , Ohsie Steven , Nguyen Xuan
Published: August 2022

Congenital self‐healing reticulohistiocytosis of Hashimoto and Pritzker (CSHR) is a rare, benign form of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) that presents at birth and involutes by 6 months of age. We present an atypical case of CSHR with the first onset at 7 months of age, treated with surgical excision.
Rare presentation of emphysematous pyelonephritis due to faulty catheter insertion
Authors: Honjo Sarah , Miyagami Taiju , Suzuki Mayu , Ito Arisa , Naito Toshio
Published: August 2022

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe necrotizing infection that occurs predominately among individuals with diabetes mellitus. The mortality rate is >10% only medical therapy. We report a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, precipitated by faulty catheter insertion. The patient recovered after the replacement of catheter and administration of antibiotics.
Unilateral mixed adenoma of the third eyelid lacrimal gland in a boxer dog
Authors: McKeever Jeremy M. , Newkirk Kim M.
Published: August 2022

A female boxer dog was presented with a mass expanding the left third eyelid. Histopathology revealed a mass composed of pleomorphic cells arranged in tubuloacinar structures, a fibrovascular myxoid stroma, and intermixed trabeculae of woven bone. The mass was diagnosed as a mixed adenoma of the third eyelid lacrimal gland.
Counting gross fetal movement using a fetal movement acceleration measurement recorder in two fetuses with gastroschisis
Authors: Ryo Eiji , Yatsuki Keita , Kamata Hideo , Nagasaka Kazunori
Published: August 2022

We used the fetal movement acceleration measurement recorder to count gross fetal movement in two fetuses with gastroschisis. In conclusion, both fetuses moved as much as normal fetuses, which suggested that normal fetal movement could indicate reassuring status also in fetuses with malformation when they have normal neurological developments.
Long‐term care issues in a municipality affected by the great East Japan earthquake: A case of Katsurao Village, Fukushima prefecture
Authors: Zhao Tianchen , Moriyama Nobuaki , Ito Naomi , Abe Toshiki , Morita Tomohiro , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Tsubokura Masaharu
Published: August 2022

Information regarding the proposed measures addressing long‐term care problems during disasters at a municipal level is scarce. Thus, this study reviewed the long‐term care insurance measures taken in the Katsurao Village after the Fukushima nuclear accident and summarized the measures that municipalities can take against such issues in the future.
Experimental study of CO2 hydrate formation in porous media with different particle sizes
Authors: Zhang Yu , Cai Jing , Li Xiao‐Sen , Chen Zhao‐Yang , Li Gang
Published: August 2022

To investigate the effect of the particle size of porous media on CO2 hydrate formation, the formation experiments of CO2 hydrate in porous media with three particle sizes were performed. Three kinds of porous media with mean particle diameters of 2.30 μm (clay level), 5.54 μm (silty sand level), and 229.90 μm (fine sand level) were used in the experiments. In the experiments, the formation temperature range was 277.15–281.15 K and the initial formation pressure range was 3.4–4.8 MPa. The final gas consumption increases with the increase in the initial pressure and the decrease in the formation temperature. The hydrate formation at the initial formation pressure of 4.8 MPa in 229.90 μm porous media is much slower than that at the lower formation pressure and displays multistage. In the experiments with different formation temperatures, the gas consumption rate at the temperature of 279.15 K is the lowest. In 2.30 and 5.54 μm porous media, the hydrate formation rates are similar and faster than those in 229.90 μm porous media. The particle size of the porous media does not affect the final gas consumption. The gas consumption rate per mol of water and the final water conversion increase with the decrease in the water content. The induction time in 5.54 μm porous media is longer than that in 2.30 and 229.90 μm porous media, and the presence of NaCl significantly increases the induction time and decreases the final conversion of water to hydrate.
Support vector machine based disease classification model employing hasten eagle Cuculidae search optimization
Authors: Rao K. Venkateswara , Gladence L. Mary
Published: August 2022

The enormous growth in the field of medicine utilizes machine learning for the well‐being and robustness of human beings. The emerging rate of the disease due to urbanization or various other global facts increases the mortality rate of the individual every year. The detection and classification of disease at the proper time helps an individual to be alive and healthy. Various methods of machine learning are accomplished to classify the diseases, but there is a necessity for the enhancement in the classification methods. In this research, the disease classification is performed using the proposed hasten eagle Cuculidae search optimization algorithm based support vector machine classifier (HECSO‐SVM) with the hybrid kernel function. The feature extraction with the statistical and correlation features presents the effective feature vector for classification and the curse of dimensionality is handled using the proposed HECSO algorithm. Initially, the data will be collected and preprocessing is performed and the features are extracted and selected using the optimization techniques. The proposed method effectively reduces the computation time and increases the accuracy of classification. The analysis is made based on the four different datasets such as Parkinson, heart, lung, and hepatitis that obtains an accuracy rate of 94.582%, 94.100%, 93.985%, 94.582%.
Reform mode of sports training and competition organization based on data mining
Authors: Wan Li
Published: August 2022

China has continuously strengthened its efforts in reforming the sports training and competition organization mode, issued a series of measures and made some innovations, but the current optimized policies and measures still have certain limitations. Therefore, this article first uses data mining technology to model students' sports training and competition mode, considering multi event competition, the scoring of the project itself, the uncertainty of the number of students in sports training and other factors. The results show that the average prediction accuracy of the time series data mining method applied in this article is 89.82%, which is 19.71% and 44.78% higher than that of ANN and traditional clustering methods, respectively. The average error rate of ARMA time series algorithm data mining is reduced by 21.95% and 18.89% compared with AR and Ma time series algorithm. In addition, compared with the convergence time of multidimensional sports data mining realized by AR algorithm and Ma algorithm, ARMA time series algorithm is shortened by 77.13% and 70.02%, respectively.
Studying Photochemical Transformations using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI‐MS)
Authors: Burykina Julia V. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: August 2022

This concept article reviews application‐oriented possibilities in the mechanistic investigation of photochemical reactions by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (Photo‐Chem‐ESI‐MS). A brief review of essential techniques for coupling photochemical reactions with ESI‐MS online monitoring is presented. Representative customized advanced tools for “light on/light off” mechanistic studies of photochemical reactions aimed at the detection of specific intermediates are discussed. The design of dedicated Photo‐Chem‐ESI‐MS setups is the focus of modern research and will enable more profound insight into the field.
DNA aneuploidy combined with radial EBUS in the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions
Authors: Guo Cuiyan , Hu Yan , Yu Qing , Zhang Qi , Wang Guangfa
Published: August 2022

Objective

To explore the diagnostic value of DNA aneuploidy analysis combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound (R‐EBUS)‐guided transbronchial biopsy in peripheral lung lesions.

Method

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent R‐EBUS examination. DNA aneuploidy analysis of bronchial washing from the target bronchial segment were performed. The clinical information, R‐EBUS data, pathological results and DNA image cytometry (DNA‐ICM) results were collected. For patients who did not have a clear diagnosis after bronchoscopy, follow‐up data was recorded.

Results

A total of 42 cases were included. Thirty patients had confirmed malignant tumor of the lung, 19 of which were confirmed by pathology after bronchoscopy, and 11 cases were confirmed later by surgery or percutaneous lung puncture. Twelve patients were finally considered to have benign lesions. The sensitivity of R‐EBUS is 63.3% and the specificity is 100%. DNA‐ICM has a sensitivity of 76.7% and a specificity of 91.7%. When combined, they have a sensitivity of 90%, and specificity 91.7%. As for malignant lesions, we further analyzed smoking, the size and location of lesions on chest CT, the number of aneuploid cells and the maximum value of DNA content. The results indicated that increased number of aneuploid cells or increased max value of DNA content may predict higher probability of malignancy.

Conclusion

DNA‐ICM combined with R‐EBUS can improve the diagnostic sensitivity of malignant peripheral lung lesions. Increased number of aneuploid cells or increased max value of DNA content may indicate that the lesions are more likely to be malignant.
Liver fluke eggs in bile duct brush cytology: An unexpected diagnosis during evaluation of a biliary stricture
Authors: Chen Fei , Aguero‐Rosenfeld Maria , Simsir Aylin , Brandler Tamar C.
Published: August 2022

Clonorchis sinensis, a liver fluke parasite, infects humans through ingestion of raw or undercooked fish, crabs, or crayfish in endemic areas where the parasite is found. Clonorchis sinensis infects the liver, gallbladder, and bile duct in humans, causing Clonorichiasis. Although the majority of patients are asymptomatic, long‐lasting infections may cause severe disease. Without treatment, human infection may persist for the parasite's lifespan (25–30 years). Pathologic diagnosis can be challenging as sampling may demonstrate limited cellularity with minuscule eggs that may be overlooked. Here, we report a rare case of liver fluke eggs diagnosed in bile duct brush cytology.
Ecology of Eriogonum tiehmii, a rare soil specialist: Arthropod diversity, soil preferences, and demography
Authors: McClinton Jamey D. , Shriver Robert K. , Leger Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2022

Soil specialists can have restricted distributions, and effective management in the face of land use change depends on a thorough understanding of the ecology of these unique plants. We investigated the ecology of Eriogonum tiehmii Reveal, a rare soil specialist, using pitfall traps, flower observations, and pollinator exclusion to assess arthropod communities in E. tiehmii habitat, the most common visitors to E. tiehmii flowers, and the importance of pollination for seed set. We collected soil from 21 occupied and unoccupied sites for analysis of physical and chemical characteristics, and conducted a greenhouse soil preference experiment to test how seeds and seedlings respond to soil variation. We also monitored tagged plants in extant populations, measuring survival, size, and reproductive output. Arthropod communities within and around E. tiehmii sites were abundant and diverse; each sample site contained numerous unique species, and there was high turnover in arthropod community composition over time. Open pollination significantly increased seed production, with beetles, wasps, and flies the most likely important pollinators. Reproductive output and size class distributions varied among wild populations, and soil properties differed between occupied and unoccupied sites. Occupied sites were, on average, lower in sulfur, zinc, potassium, and magnesium and, on average higher in boron, pH, and silt, among other differences, though there was high variation in these characteristics among sites. Seedlings demonstrated sensitivity to individual soil properties, and seedlings grown in soils from occupied sites had, on average, higher total biomass and higher root allocation than seedlings grown in soils from unoccupied sites. These preference tests suggest a “specialist” model of soil specialization rather than a “refuge” model, indicating that plants are not simply highly stress‐tolerant, but are specifically adapted to their native soil types. While some unoccupied sites we tested were favorable for some life history stages, we did not identify unoccupied sites that could support both establishment and growth of E. tiehmii seedlings. Future work could consider the effects of biotic interactions such as plant competition and herbivores on plant growth, and employ additional demographic monitoring to better understand life history and population dynamics of this extreme soil specialist.
Qualitative and quantitative aspects of time‐, charge‐, and mobility‐based electropherograms
Authors: da Costa Eric Tavares , Oliveira Daniel Rossado , do Lago Claudimir Lucio
Published: August 2022

The migration process in capillary electrophoresis is obtained by using a high‐voltage power supply, and the basic idea is to keep the control on the migration velocity of the analytes by controlling either the applied voltage or current. The effectiveness of this control has impact on the resulting electropherogram and, thus, in the identification and quantification of the analytes. Although the usual electropherogram is the record of the detector signal as a function of time, other two domains should be considered: charge and mobility. Both mathematical modeling and experimental results were used to evaluate the two different approaches for controlling the electrophoretic migration and the resulting time‐, charge‐, and mobility‐based electropherograms. The main conclusions are (1) the current‐controlled mode is superior to the voltage‐controlled mode; (2) when the first mode cannot be implemented, the electrophoretic current should be monitored to improve the identification and quantification procedures; and (3) the consistent monitoring of the electrophoretic current allows the implementation of the charge‐based electropherogram and the mobility spectrum. The first one is advantageous because the peak position is more reproducible, and the peak area is more resistant to change than the ones from the time‐based electropherogram. The mobility spectrum has the additional advantage of being more informative about the mobility of the analytes. Although peak area is less robust, the spectrum may also be used for quantitation when the number of plates is greater than 103.
Patient and mentor language style matching as a predictor of working alliance, engagement with treatment as usual, and eating disorders symptoms over the course of an online guided self‐help intervention for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Albano Gaia , Salerno Laura , Cardi Valentina , Brockmeyer Timo , Ambwani Suman , Treasure Janet , Lo Coco Gianluca
Published: August 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the processes involved in a guided self‐help (GSH) pre‐treatment intervention (RecoveryMANTRA) for patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), by measuring the levels of patient/mentor Language Style Matching (LSM). RecoveryMANTRA was supported by student mentors or peer mentors (recovered individuals) over six weekly chat‐based sessions. We examined whether LSM during RecoveryMANTRA predicted patients'working alliance with the clinic therapist, motivation, eating disorder (ED) and general psychopathology. A further aim was to examine differences in LSM between student mentors and peer mentors.

Method

87 AN adults received RecoveryMANTRA plus treatment as usual. The LSM algorithm was used to calculate verbal attunement between patient and mentor. Participants were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention.

Results

Both early (1st session) and late (6th session) LSM predicted higher working alliance with the clinic therapist. Moreover, late LSM predicted lower EDs symptoms at the end of the RecoveryMANTRA intervention. Patient/peer mentor dyads showed higher late verbal attunement than patient/student mentor dyads.

Conclusions

These findings suggests that in the early phase of treatment relational aspects can impact on engagement with treatment. Verbal attunement in a GSH for AN is associated with working alliance and better clinical outcome.
Study on the distribution law of airflow velocity in rectangular and semicircular roadway sections
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Luo Guang , Zou Shuqi
Published: August 2022

Reliable ventilation is the cornerstone of safe production in coal mines, and accurate monitoring of ventilation parameters is the fundamental guarantee of ventilation technology decision‐making. To improve the accuracy of airflow velocity monitoring in coal mine roadways, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field tests were utilized to study the distribution law of airflow velocity in typical roadway sections. First, the calculation model of position of mean airflow velocity line in rectangular and semicircular arch roadway is established based on Boussinesq theory and Pelant turbulence theory. Then, to verify the correctness of the theoretical model, 25 groups of numerical simulation tests were conducted by using COMSOL‐Multiphysics 3.5a software. The errors between theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are all less than 4%. In addition, the numerical results also show that the contour line of airflow velocity in roadway section is consistent with the shape of roadway section, and the isoline of airflow velocity is basically parallel to the roadway wall. In addition, the closer to the roadway wall, the denser the airflow velocity isoline, indicating that the airflow velocity gradient near the wall is larger. And the thickness of the boundary layer decreases with the increase of airflow inlet velocity. Finally, field tests have been conducted in Chongqing Research Institute and Sima Coal Mine to further verify the correctness of the calculation model and numerical simulation results. The measured distribution law of airflow velocity is consistent with the numerical simulation. And the errors between theoretical analysis and field tests are all less than 4%.
Foundational women in planetary geomorphology: Some contributions in fluvial, aeolian, and (cryo)volcanic subdisciplines
Authors: Burr Devon M. , Diniega Serina , Quick Lynnae C. , Gardner‐Vandy Kathryn , Rivera‐Hernandez Frances
Published: August 2022

Despite undeserved challenges to participation in the field of planetary geomorphology, women have made significant contributions in the fluvial, aeolian, and (cryo)volcanic subdisciplines. In this work, some women—in particular, women of color—are highlighted to show a part of these foundational contributions. We focused on women scientists who were working in the latter half of the 20th century, a revolutionary time for terrestrial geomorphology and the inception of the discipline of planetary geomorphology. We also focused on women working in our scientific subdisciplines so that we could provide proper context for their work. These contributions have occurred both as discoveries in terrestrial geomorphology leading to follow‐on discoveries in planetary geomorphology and through serving as educators and role models. With women increasingly achieving positions of influence both in the geo‐ and planetary sciences as in American society, this research allows us to celebrate these contributions of women and particularly women of color while looking forward to a more complete record of their past contributions and greater future achievements.
Effects of a dementia virtual reality‐based training with peer support for home care workers: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sung Huei‐Chuan , Su Hsin‐Feng , Lee Wen‐Li , Yamakawa Miyae , Wang Hsiu‐Mei
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Home care workers who are the first‐line care workers for community‐dwelling dementia patients often have limited dementia knowledge, skills, and empathy towards those with dementia. Research is sparse on dementia care training using virtual reality (VR) technology and support network for home care workers.

Methods

This cluster randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a dementia VR‐based training with peer support on dementia knowledge, attitude, competence, and empathy of home care workers. Each home care worker team was used as the unit for randomization. Sixteen teams were randomly assigned to either VR group or non‐VR control group There was a total of 124 participants completed the study, the VR group (n = 61) received a dementia VR‐based training consisted of 3‐month dementia care e‐book modules, dementia VR‐based activity and 1‐h monthly face‐to‐face peer support group meetings. The non‐VR control group (n = 63) only receive the 3‐month dementia care e‐book modules and 1‐h monthly regular staff meetings with no VR activity. Outcome measures were assessed at three time points: baseline, the end of the 3‐month intervention, and 1‐month post intervention.

Results

Generalized estimating equations results indicate that the improvement in dementia knowledge, attitudes, competence, and empathy over time is significant in the VR group compared to the non‐VR control group. The effects remained significant 1 month after the end of the 3‐month intervention.

Conclusions

Innovative and accessible dementia training using VR technology with peer support is a promising training approach to improve dementia knowledge, attitudes, competence, and empathy of home care workers.
Medication‐related problems in geriatric psychiatry—a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Heck Johannes , Ihlefeld Christian , Krause Olaf , Stichtenoth Dirk O. , Schulze Westhoff Martin , Noltemeyer Nina , Jahn Kirsten , Prost Lea , Gerbel Swetlana , Klietz Martin , Bleich Stefan , Frieling Helge , Groh Adrian
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Information on medication‐related problems (MRPs) in elderly psychiatric patients is scarce. In the present study, we analyzed the frequency and characteristics of MRPs in patients ≥60 years treated on the gerontopsychiatric ward of Hannover Medical School in 2019.

Methods

Taking advantage of an interdisciplinary approach, two independent investigators screened hospital discharge letters of 230 psychiatric inpatients for clinically relevant MRPs, followed by validation through an interdisciplinary expert panel. Drug interactions as a subset of MRPs were analyzed with the aid of two different drug interaction programs.

Results

230 patients (63.0% female, mean age 73.7 ± 8.4 years, median length of stay 18 days) were prescribed a median of 6 drugs. In total, 2180 MRPs were detected in the study population and 94.3% of the patients exhibited at least one MRP. Patients displayed a median of 7 MRPs (interquartile range 3–15). Pharmacodynamic interactions accounted for almost half of all MRPs (48.1%; 1048/2180). The number of drugs prescribed and the number of MRPs per patient showed a strong linear relationship (adjusted R2 = 0.747).

Conclusion

An exceedingly high proportion of elderly psychiatric inpatients displayed clinically relevant MRPs in the present study, which may be explained by the multimorbidity prevalent in the study population and the associated polypharmacy. The number of drug interactions was largely in accordance with previous studies. As a novel finding, we detected that a considerable proportion of elderly psychiatric inpatients were affected by potential prescribing omissions, potentially inappropriate duplicate prescriptions, and insufficient documentation.
Two Singapore public healthcare AI applications for national screening programs and other examples
Authors: Ta Andy Wee An , Goh Han Leong , Ang Christine , Koh Lian Yeow , Poon Ken , Miller Steven M.
Published: August 2022

This article explains how two AI systems have been incorporated into the everyday operations of two Singapore public healthcare nation‐wide screening programs. The first example is embedded within the setting of a national level population health screening program for diabetes related eye diseases, targeting the rapidly increasing number of adults in the country with diabetes. In the second example, the AI assisted screening is done shortly after a person is admitted to one of the public hospitals to identify which inpatients—especially which elderly patients with complex conditions—have a high risk of being readmitted as an inpatient multiple times in the months following discharge. Ways in which healthcare needs and the clinical operations context influenced the approach to designing or deploying the AI systems are highlighted, illustrating the multiplicity of factors that shape the requirements for successful large‐scale deployments of AI systems that are deeply embedded within clinical workflows. In the first example, the choice was made to use the system in a semi‐automated (vs. fully automated) mode as this was assessed to be more cost‐effective, though still offering substantial productivity improvement. In the second example, machine learning algorithm design and model execution trade‐offs were made that prioritized key aspects of patient engagement and inclusion over higher levels of predictive accuracy. The article concludes with several lessons learned related to deploying AI systems within healthcare settings, and also lists several other AI efforts already in deployment and in the pipeline for Singapore's public healthcare system.
The added value and unintended negative consequences of public involvement processes in the planning, development and implementation of community health services: Results from a thematic synthesis
Authors: Pedersen Johanne Frøsig , Overgaard Charlotte , Egilstrød Barbara , Petersen Kirsten Schultz
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Public involvement is widely considered a means to improve health and quality of health services. The research literature reveals ambiguities concerning added value and unintended negative consequences of public involvement processes. The aim of this study is to identify, synthesise and present an overview of added value and unintended negative consequences of public involvement processes in the planning, development and implementation of community health services.

Methods

Data from 36 peer‐reviewed articles retrieved from a systematic search in the CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus databases in October 2019 and updated in April 2021 were extracted. A three‐step thematic synthesis was conducted involving (1) line‐by‐line text coding, (2) developing descriptive themes and (3) generating analytical themes.

Results

Two main themes along with their corresponding themes provided an overview of the added value of public involvement processes at the individual, service and political levels. Unintended negative consequences concerning individual resources, uncertainty about the effect of involvement and power differences were revealed.

Conclusion

Added value of public involvement processes is primarily reported on an individual and service level. The added value seems to be accompanied by unintended negative consequences. Training of professional facilitators and recruitment of participants that come from vulnerable groups could help promote equality in public involvement. Unintended negative consequences need to be further explored in future evaluations in order to achieve the desired goals of public involvement.
Does India need a new pharmaceutical policy? Examining the implications of the drug price control order
Authors: Kumar Rupali , Joshi Mahika Milind , Palod Rajat Jagdish , Dharmagadda Sreedhar
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This article aims to analyse the impact of the pharmaceutical policy on the availability, accessibility and affordability of medicines to the Indian populace. The article delves into the shortcomings of the Drug Price Control Order 2013 and highlights its real‐world implications.

Methods

Published literature in the form of scientific articles on the proposed reforms that took place in the pharmaceutical policy was reviewed. The study used the memorandums, laws and government decisions published by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority|National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authorities.

Results

The pharmaceutical policy in India underwent several changes during 2013–2020 to enhance the affordability and accessibility of drugs. The stringent policy hampered innovation due to the lack of profitability to the Multinational Companies. Moreover, it was found that the impact of the price control order on the low‐cost local generic manufacturers affected much of the country's price‐sensitive population.

Conclusion

The pharmaceutical policy of India needs to be amended to extend its benefit to its stakeholders. The government should shift its attention to improving the quality of drugs, increasing competition amongst manufacturers and enhancing the accessibility of medicines through state/centre sponsored initiatives.
Effect of transverse magnetic field on wake dynamics and heat transfer through a porous circular cylinder
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Chatterjee Dipankar , Mondal Bittagopal
Published: August 2022

A two‐dimensional numerical simulation using the commercial computational fluid dynamics package ANSYS Fluent 15.0 is performed to investigate the effect of a transverse magnetic field on the wake dynamics around a heated porous circular cylinder. The study is conducted considering a Newtonian, incompressible, and electrically conductive fluid with constant properties for the low Reynolds number laminar regime. In the range of Reynolds number (Re = 10–40), recirculating vortices are observed to penetrate (or detach) into (from) the porous cylinder surface depending on the Darcy number, Da (10−6 to 10−2). The effect of the magnetic field parameter (Hartmann number) Ha (0–10) on the detachment and penetration characteristics of a porous cylinder is reported for the first time. A steady separated flow behind the cylinder turns into an attached flow at a critical magnetic field strength. Accordingly, the critical Hartmann number (Hacr) is estimated for the complete suppression of the flow separation behind the porous cylinder. Hacr is found to decrease with an increase in Da and a decrease in Re. The wake behind the cylinder is also found to be detached from the cylinder surface at a particular value of the magnetic field strength termed as the detachment Hartmann number (Had). Had also decreased with an increase in Da and decrease of Re. In addition, the effect of Ha on the separation angle, recirculation length, detachment length, and drag coefficient is also discussed. Furthermore, the effect of the magnetic field on the forced convective heat transfer characteristics is also studied considering various fluids (Prandtl number, Pr = 0.02, 0.71, and 7) past the circular permeable cylinder. At a particular Pr, the heat transfer rate is almost invariant for low permeability, whereas it increases significantly at higher permeability with an applied magnetic field. The rate of heat transfer increases with the Prandtl number for all Hartmann and Darcy numbers. Finally, a correlation is developed to predict the average heat transfer as a function of Re, Pr, Da, and Ha.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure through munitions in the Russia–Ukraine conflict
Authors: Koban Lauren A. , Pfluger Andrew R.
Published: August 2022

Considered contaminants of emerging concern, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of toxic, manufactured chemicals found in commercial and consumer products such as nonstick cookware, food packaging, and firefighting foams. Human exposure to PFAS through inhalation and ingestion can cause a variety of harmful effects and negative health outcomes. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances possess high polarity and chemical stability, enabling them to resist degradation in most environmental conditions. These characteristics allow PFAS to be mobile in soil, air, and water, and bioaccumulate in living organisms. Due to their thermally resistant chemical properties, PFAS are used as binders in polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) and in various components of munitions. Thus, when munitions are detonated, PFAS are released into the environment as aerosols and can deposit in the soil, surface water, or biota. Air emission modeling suggests that ground-level and airborne detonation of munitions can increase PFAS deposition both locally and long range. Further, if industrial facilities with PFAS are damaged or destroyed, there is greater potential for environmental degradation from increased release of PFAS into the environment. As a consequence of their persistent nature, PFAS can remain in an environment long after armed conflict, indirectly affecting ecosystems, food sources, and human health. The toxic contamination from munitions could present a greater hazard to a larger population over time than acute detonation events. This article discusses methods for estimating war-related damage from PFAS by exploring predictive modeling approaches and postwar ground validation techniques. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:376–381. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Dickkopf‐1 expression is repressed by oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and regulates the Cisplatin sensitivity of HPV‐positive cancer cells in a JNK‐dependent manner
Authors: Frensemeier Kristin , Holzer Angela , Hoppe‐Seyler Karin , Hoppe‐Seyler Felix
Published: August 2022

Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types control the phenotype of cervical cancer cells through the sustained expression of the viral E6/E7 oncogenes. Here, we show that they strongly restrain expression of the putative tumor suppressor protein Dkk1 (Dickkopf‐1) in HPV‐positive cervical cancer cells through the restriction of p53 expression by the continuously expressed endogenous E6 oncoprotein. Moreover, our study reveals that compromised Dkk1 expression is linked to increased resistance of HPV‐positive cervical cancer cells toward the proapoptotic activity of Cisplatin. Although Dkk1 can act as a Wnt antagonist, the antiapoptotic effect resulting from Dkk1 repression is not linked to an activation of this pathway. Rather, transcriptome and functional analyses uncover that Dkk1 repression leads to a strongly diminished stimulation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling which is required for efficient apoptosis induction by Cisplatin in cervical cancer cells. Further, we observed that Dkk1‐depleted cervical cancer cells induce senescence under Cisplatin treatment instead of apoptosis, suggesting that Dkk1 levels can strongly influence the phenotypic response of these cells toward Cisplatin. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the virus/host cell crosstalk in cervical cancer cells by identifying Dkk1 as a cellular target which is maintained under strong negative control by the continuous expression of the HPV oncogenes. Moreover, they identify Dkk1 as a critical determinant for the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells toward Cisplatin, showing that Dkk1 repression leads to increased Cisplatin resistance by impairing proapoptotic JNK signaling.