bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediating Self‐Oxidation and Competitive Adsorption for Achieving High‐Selective Urea Oxidation Catalysis at Industrial‐Level Current Densities
Authors: Qiao Pengfei , Li Guorui , Xu Xiujuan , Wang Danni , Wang Fangqing , Xu Liangliang , Lu Linguo , Cong Hailin , Sun Mingliang
Published: December 2024

Inhibiting the deactivation of nickel‐based catalysts caused by self‐oxidation and competitive adsorption behavior is still a major challenge for urea oxidation reaction (UOR), especially under industrial‐level current densities. In this study, a crystalline NiSe2/amorphous NiFe‐LDH (NiSe2/NiFe‐LDH) heterojunction catalyst is rationally constructed for selective electrocatalytic UOR. In situ Raman spectra and ex situ characterization results reveal that such a structure can tailor the self‐oxidation of catalyst and impede the accumulation of NiOOH species during the UOR process. Density function theory simulations disclose that the self‐driven charge transport from electron‐deficient NiFe‐LDH region to electron‐rich NiSe2 region would induce the formation of local electrophilic/nucleophilic region to adsorb the electron‐donating ‐NH2 and electron‐withdrawing C = O groups, respectively. This optimizes the adsorption of urea molecules and hinders the overaccumulation of OH− ions on the surface of NiSe2/NiFe‐LDH, which is beneficial for the priority occurrence of UOR over the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the realization of high UOR selectivity. Benefiting from the tailored surface self‐oxidation and favorable urea adsorption, the NiSe2/NiFe‐LDH could act as a high‐selective UOR anode and achieve ultrahigh 800 mAcm−2 only at 1.447 V. Besides, UV–vis spectrophotometry also unveiled that the NiSe2/NiFe‐LDH has the capability to electrochemically degrade urea, offering great promise for practical application potentials.
Scalable and High‐Isolation Dual‐Channel Programmable Metasurface With Demountable Meta‐Atom
Authors: Xu Liang , Zhang Xin Ge , Li Qi Yang , Wang Dong Jie , Cui Tie Jun , Jiang Wei Xiang
Published: December 2024

Programmable metasurfaces provide emerging platforms for real‐time electromagnetic (EM) manipulations, showing enormous potential in various information applications. Achieving multiplexed manipulations of EM parameters such as polarization multiplexing and frequency multiplexing on a shared metasurface aperture is very important to improve the control ability and efficiency. In the usual implementation scheme, however, the multiplexed structures and tunable components are laid on the same surface of dielectric substrate, which tends to cause undesired crosstalk due to the physical connections. Here, a method is proposed to design a unique meta‐atom by embedding two varactors into the stacked layers to control orthogonally polarized waves without crosstalk. By arranging the demountable meta‐atoms on a baseboard, a scalable and high‐isolation dual‐channel programmable metasurface is further realized, which can be used to control dual‐polarized waves independently, even under the oblique incidence with 60°. As experimental validation, simultaneous and independent transmissions of different videos in space‐ and polarization‐division channels are carried out using the scalable dual‐channel programmable metasurface. The approach opens up avenues to develop low‐crosstalk multiplexed programmable metasurface, which may promote performance and stability of metasurface‐assisted information systems.
Neoantigen‐Displaying Protein Nanoparticles as a Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine Against Melanoma
Authors: Kim Yujin , Lee Seojung , Yoon Jungmin , Shin Yumi , Kang Sukmo , Kim Sun‐Young , Woo Sangmin , Song Ji‐Joon , Jon Sangyong
Published: December 2024

Although interest in peptide‐based cancer vaccines has surged in the era of personalized immunotherapy enabled by the discovery of neoantigens, the effective generation of neoantigen‐specific T cell responses has been limited. Here, a Brucella BP26 protein‐based nanoparticle displaying the MHC class II‐restricted melanoma neoantigen, M30, is reported for use as a therapeutic cancer vaccine. Genetic engineering of 10 tandem repeats of the M30 neoepitope to a BP26 monomer results in the self‐assembled, neoantigen‐displaying protein nanoparticles (BP26‐M30 NPs). Subcutaneous immunization of mice with BP26‐M30 NPs/CpG adjuvant leads to the activation and maturation of antigen‐presenting cells in draining local lymph nodes and elicits M30‐specific CD4+ T cell immune responses and immunological memory. In a mouse model of aggressive B16‐F10 melanoma, immunization with BP26‐M30 NPs/CpG significantly inhibits the growth of established tumors. These findings suggest that the BP26‐based self‐assembled protein nanoparticle has the potential to be used as a cancer vaccine platform for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
A One‐Stone‐Two–Birds Strategy for Intervertebral Disc Repair: Constructing a Reductive Chelation Hydrogel to Mitigate Oxidative Stress and Promote Disc Matrix Reconstruction
Authors: Bu Pengzhen , Peng Renpeng , Zhang Jiaming , He Zhiyi , Gou Shuangquan , Liu Xuezhe , Qiu Xingan , Zhou Bikun , Meng Weilin , Fu Huixia , Zhu Haiyan , Gao Bo , Serda Maciej , Li Feng , Feng Qian , Cai Kaiyong
Published: December 2024

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is characterized by fibrosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and accelerated surrounding extracellular matrix catabolism. Bioactive hydrogels have shown significant potential in regulating cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. In this work, a dynamic hydrogel (HA‐NCSN/Cu) is designed via the reductive chelation of hyaluronic acid grafted with thiourea (HA‐NCSN) and Cu2+. The reductivity of the grafted thiourea groups of HA‐NCSN can quickly reduce part of the chelated Cu2+ to Cu+. Therefore, during the gelation process, the color of hydrogel become dark immediately, which endowed hydrogel with remarkable photothermal effect. The abundant thiourea groups inside hydrogel can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species to mitigate the inflammatory stress of NP cells. RNA sequencing analysis further reveals that glutathione signaling pathway is significantly altered. Meanwhile, mild photothermal therapy could activate the TGF‐β/Smad pathway in NP cells, promoting the expression and secretion of Aggrecan and Collagen II. Ultimately, the combined modulation of inflammation alleviation and matrix regeneration achieves the restoration of the structure and function of the damaged intervertebral disc, which is also strongly demonstrated by the in vivo animal experiments. All of these results demonstrate the great potential of the dynamic HA‐NCSN/Cu hydrogel in IVDD treatment.
Personalized Multi‐Epitope Nanovaccine Unlocks B Cell‐Mediated Multiple Pathways of Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Yan Wenlu , Cao Ying , Xu Shanshan , Li Yu , Wu Ting , Yuan Wenhui , Yin Qi , Li Yaping
Published: December 2024

B lymphocytes have emerged as an important immune‐regulating target. Inoculation with tumor cell membrane‐derived vaccines is a promising strategy to activate B cells, yet their efficiency is limited due to lack of costimulatory molecules. To amplify B cell responses against tumor, herein, a spatiotemporally‐synchronized antigen‐adjuvant integrated nanovaccine, termed as CM‐CpG‐aCD40, is constructed by conjugating the immune stimulative CpG oligonucleotide and the anti‐CD40 antibody (aCD40) onto the membrane vesicles derived from triple negative breast cancer cells. CM‐CpG‐aCD40 actively accumulates in lymph nodes and is effectively captured by antigen‐presenting cells via the recognition of CD40 by aCD40. Tumor antigens on CM‐CpG‐aCD40 bind to B cell receptors, providing the first stimulation signal for B cells. Meanwhile, the interaction between CpG/Toll like receptor and aCD40/CD40 provides superposed co‐stimulation signals, improving the antibody‐secreting and antigen‐presenting abilities of B cells. The nanovaccine also stimulates dendritic cells to activate CD8+ T cells, and reprograms tumor associated macrophages. CM‐CpG‐aCD40 activating humoral, cellular, and innate antitumor immunity achieves a tumor inhibition rate of 89.3%, which is further improved to 95.4% when combined with the anti‐programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) antibody. CM‐CpG‐aCD40, as a personalized multi‐epitope nanovaccine, paves the way for ushering the era of B cell‐based immunotherapy.
Multiple Polarization States in Hf1−xZrxO2 Thin Films by Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Coupling
Authors: Zeng Binjian , Yin Lanyan , Liu Ruiping , Ju Changfan , Zhang Qinghua , Yang Zhibin , Zheng Shuaizhi , Peng Qiangxiang , Yang Qiong , Zhou Yichun , Liao Min
Published: December 2024

HfO2‐based multi‐bit ferroelectric memory combines non‐volatility, speed, and energy efficiency, rendering it a promising technology for massive data storage and processing. However, some challenges remain, notably polarization variation, high operation voltage, and poor endurance performance. Here we show Hf1−xZrxO2 (x = 0.65 to 0.75) thin films grown through sequential atomic layer deposition (ALD) of HfO2 and ZrO2 exhibiting three‐step domain switching characteristic in the form of triple‐peak coercive electric field (EC) distribution. This long‐sought behavior shows nearly no changes even at up to 125 °C and after 1 × 108 electric field cycling. By combining the electrical characterizations and integrated differential phase‐contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC‐STEM), we reveal that the triple‐peak EC distribution is driven by the coupling of ferroelectric switching and reversible antiferroelectric–ferroelectric transition. We further demonstrate the 3‐bit per cell operation of the Hf1−xZrxO2 capacitors with excellent device‐to‐device variation and long data retention, by the full switching of individual peaks in the triple‐peak EC. The work represents a significant step in implementing reliable non‐volatile multi‐state ferroelectric devices.
A Wet‐Adhesion and Swelling‐Resistant Hydrogel for Fast Hemostasis, Accelerated Tissue Injury Healing and Bioelectronics
Authors: Shen Kaixiang , Lv Zhuting , Yang Yuxuan , Wang Haoyue , Liu Jiancheng , Chen Qifei , Liu Zheng , Zhang Mengyuan , Liu Jiaying , Cheng Yilong
Published: December 2024

Hydrogel bioadhesives with adequate wet adhesion and swelling resistance are urgently needed in clinic. However, the presence of blood or body fluid usually weakens the interfacial bonding strength, and even leads to adhesion failure. Herein, profiting from the unique coupling structure of carboxylic and phenyl groups in one component (N‐acryloyl phenylalanine) for interfacial drainage and matrix toughening as well as various electrostatic interactions mediated by zwitterions, a novel hydrogel adhesive (PAAS) is developed with superior tissue adhesion properties and matrix swelling resistance in challenging wet conditions (adhesion strength of 85 kPa, interfacial toughness of 450 J m−2, burst pressure of 514 mmHg, and swelling ratio of <4%). The PAAS hydrogel can not only realize fast hemostasis of liver, heart, artery rupture, and sealing of pulmonary air‐leakage but also accelerate the recovery of stomach and liver defects in rat, rabbit, and pig models. Moreover, PAAS hydrogel can precisely and durably monitor various physiological activities (pulse, electrocardiogram, and electromyogram) even under humid environments (immersion in water for 3 days), and can be employed for the evaluation of in vivo sealing efficiency for artery rupture. The work provides a promising hydrogel adhesive for clinical hemostasis, tissue injury repair, and bioelectronics.
In Situ Reconstructed Hydroxyl‐Rich Atomic‐Thin Bi2O2CO3 Enables Ampere‐Scale Synthesis of Formate from CO2 with Activated Water Dissociation
Authors: Huang Qizheng , Qian Zhengyi , Ye Na , Tan Yingjun , Li Menggang , Luo Mingchuan , Guo Shaojun
Published: December 2024

Renewable electricity‐driven CO2 electroreduction provides a promising route toward carbon neutrality and sustainable chemical production. Nevertheless, the viability of this route faces constraints of catalytic efficiency and durability in near‐neutral electrolytes at industrial‐scale current densities, mechanistically originating from unfavorable accommodation of *H species from water dissociation. Herein, a new strategy is reported to accelerate water dissociation by the rich surface hydroxyl on bismuth subcarbonate nanosheets in situ electrochemical transformed from bismuth hydroxide nanotube precursors. This catalyst enables the electrosynthesis of formate at current densities up to 1000 mA cm−2 with >96% faradaic efficiencies in flow cells, and a 200 h durable membrane electrode assembly in a dilute near‐neutral environment. Combined kinetic studies, in situ characterizations, and theoretical calculations reveal that the atomic thickness strengthens the hydroxyl adsorption, and with a highly localized electron configuration, the hydroxyl‐functionalized surface is more affinitive to oxygenated species, thus lowering the barrier for water dissociation and the crucial hydrogenation step in the proton‐coupled electron transfer from *OCHO to *HCOOH.
High‐Entropy Alloy Nanoflower Array Electrodes with Optimizable Reaction Pathways for Low‐Voltage Hydrogen Production at Industrial‐Grade Current Density
Authors: Li Shaobo , Hou Yuying , Feng Guang , Li Qichang , Zhai Hang , Hua Qingfeng , Hu Riming , Xu Ming , Zhang Chengxi , Huang Zhiqi , Xia Dingguo
Published: December 2024

Developing sufficiently effective non‐precious metal catalysts for large‐current‐density hydrogen production is highly significant but challenging, especially in low‐voltage hydrogen production systems. Here, we innovatively report high‐entropy alloy nanoflower array (HEANFA) electrodes with optimizable reaction pathways for hydrazine oxidation‐assisted hydrogen production at industrial‐grade current densities. Atomic‐resolution structural analyses confirm the single‐phase solid‐solution structure of HEANFA. The HEANFA electrodes exhibit the top‐level electrocatalytic performance for both the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). Furthermore, the hydrazine oxidation‐assisted splitting (OHzS) system assembled with HEANFA as both anode and cathode exhibits a record‐breaking performance for hydrogen production. It achieves ultralow working voltages of 0.003, 0.081, 0.260, 0.376, and 0.646 V for current densities of 10, 100, 500, 1 000, and 2 000 mA cm−2, respectively, and remarkable stability for 300 h, significantly outperforming those of previously reported OHzS systems and other chemicals‐assisted hydrogen production systems. Theoretical calculations reveal that extraordinary performance of HEANFA for OHzS is attributed to its abundant high‐activity sites and optimizable reaction pathways in HER and HzOR. In particular, HEANFA enables intelligent migration of key intermediates during HzOR, thereby optimizing the reaction pathways and creating high‐activity sites, ultimately endowing the extraordinary performance for OHzS.
Machine Learning Driven Optimization of Electrolyte for Highly Reversible Zn‐Air Batteries with Superior Long‐Term Cycling Performance
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Ge Huaiyun , Song Mingming , Jiang Ying , Gong Xiangrui , You Tingting , Fu Lichao , Fu Zerui , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2024

Aqueous alkaline Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) have garnered widespread attention due to their high energy density and safety, however, the poor electrochemical reversibility of Zn and low battery round‐trip efficiency strongly limit their further development. The manipulation of an intricate microscopic balance among anode/electrolyte/cathode, to enhance the performance of ZABs, critically relies on the formula of electrolytes. Herein, the Bayesian optimization approach is employed to achieve the effective design of optimal compositions of multicomponent electrolytes, resulting in the remarkable enhancement of ZAB performance. Notably, ethylene glycol has been successfully employed as both electrolyte additive and fuel, playing key roles in changing the reaction pathways of ZABs, especially the storage form of discharge products from ZnO deposition on the anode to Zn2+‐based hybrid particle colloids in the electrolyte. As a result, the as‐obtained novel ZABs can deliver superior battery reversibility and stability (1700 h at 2 mA cm−2 and 1400 h at 20 mA cm−2), greatly improved round‐trip efficiency as high as 76.3%, and even continuous discharge until complete Zn anode depletion. This work has demonstrated enormous potential for long‐term energy storage applications and holds promise for bringing new opportunities to the development of ZABs.
A coarse‐graining approach to model molecular liquids for mesoscale problems
Authors: Zerze Hasan , Gupta Ayush , Baksi Atanu , Chakraborty Dipayan , Vekilov Peter G. , Rimer Jeffrey D. , Zerze Gül H.
Published: December 2024

Effective modeling of molecular interactions is fundamental for understanding and simulating large‐scale chemical and biochemical systems. Here, we introduce a novel coarse‐graining strategy that employs the Lennard–Jones (LJ) potential to model solvent–solvent and solute–solvent interactions that control mesoscale behaviors. Our approach maintains the accuracy in capturing essential thermophysical properties such as densities and vapor pressures, while simplifying the representation of solvent molecules. By aggregating multiple solvent molecules into a single bead, our model offers a robust tool for studying solvation properties in systems where the collective behavior of solvents plays a crucial role. This approach enables effective computational studies across various mesoscale phenomena, including phase transitions in polymer blends, concentrated solutions of small organic molecules, and biological self‐assembly. We demonstrate the robustness of our approach by simulating a saturated cholesterol–ethanol solution, exemplifying its power to tackle large‐scale systems with precision and efficiency.
Transition Metal‐Free Synthesis of β‐Carboline Substituted 1,2,3‐Thiadiazoloyl Derivatives Using Elemental Sulfur as a Sulfur Source
Authors: Deepika  , Chhabra Ravindresh , Bansal Ajay , Singh Virender
Published: December 2024

A transition metal‐free, I2‐catalyzed C−S cross‐coupling reaction has been developed for the synthesis of β‐carboline substituted 1,2,3‐thiadiazoloyl derivatives using β‐carboline‐based enaminones, tosyl hydrazide, and elemental sulfur. The highlighted features of this methodology include the formation of C−S, S−N, and C−N bonds, the use of inexpensive and nontoxic catalyst, high efficiency, easy procedures, short reaction time, and generation of natural product inspired scaffolds with good to excellent yields (upto 89 %). All the synthesized β‐carboline substituted 1,2,3‐thiadiazoloyl derivatives (1–25 B) were investigated for in vitro cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line. The compound 4 B emerged as the most potent anticancer agent with IC50 values of 25.9 μM.
Differences in baseline cognitive performance between participants with early‐onset and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease: Comparison of LEADS and ADNI
Authors: Hammers Dustin B. , Eloyan Ani , Thangarajah Maryanne , Taurone Alexander , Beckett Laurel , Gao Sujuan , Polsinelli Angelina J. , Kirby Kala , Dage Jeffrey L. , Nudelman Kelly , Aisen Paul , Reman Rema , La Joie Renaud , Lagarde Julien , Atri Alireza , Clark David , Day Gregory S. , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Honig Lawrence S. , Jones David T. , Masdeu Joseph C. , Mendez Mario F. , Womack Kyle , Musiek Erik , Onyike Chiadi U. , Riddle Meghan , Grant Ian , Rogalski Emily , Johnson Erik C. B. , Salloway Steven , Sha Sharon J. , Turner Raymond Scott , Wingo Thomas S. , Wolk David A. , Carrillo Maria C. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Apostolova Liana G. ,   the LEADS Consortium 1 for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) share similar amyloid etiology, but evidence from smaller‐scale studies suggests that they manifest differently clinically. Current analyses sought to contrast the cognitive profiles of EOAD and LOAD.

METHODS

Z‐score cognitive‐domain composites for 311 amyloid‐positive sporadic EOAD and 314 amyloid‐positive LOAD participants were calculated from baseline data from age‐appropriate control cohorts. Z‐score composites were compared between AD groups for each domain.

RESULTS

After controlling for cognitive status, EOAD displayed worse visuospatial, executive functioning, and processing speed/attention skills relative to LOAD, and LOAD displayed worse language, episodic immediate memory, and episodic delayed memory.

DISCUSSION

Sporadic EOAD possesses distinct cognitive profiles relative to LOAD. Clinicians should be alert for non‐amnestic impairments in younger patients to ensure proper identification and intervention using disease‐modifying treatments.

Highlights

Both early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) participants displayed widespread cognitive impairments relative to their same‐aged peers.

Cognitive impairments were more severe for EOAD than for LOAD participants in visuospatial and executive domains.

Memory and language impairments were more severe for LOAD than for EOAD participants

Results were comparable after removing clinical phenotypes of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), primary progressive aphasia (lv‐PPA), and frontal‐variant AD.
ADNI Private Partners Scientific Board (PPSB) Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DE&I) Working Group: A new collaboration that crosses boundaries for industry, academia, and under‐represented patients
Authors: Croney Ruth , Fristed Emil , Masterman Donna , Meyer Martine , Sachdev Pallavi , Vasanthakumar Aparna , Weber Christopher J. , Devins Theresa
Published: December 2024

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Private Partners Scientific Board (PPSB) Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Working Group (DE&I WG) was established to work with the ADNI3 Diversity Task Force to provide an industry perspective on increasing the representation of diverse participants in ADNI3 and to build precompetitive cross‐industry knowledge in engagement and recruitment of under‐represented participants (URPs). In this article, we review and highlight the role and ongoing activities within the ADNI PPSB DE&I WG and provide a cross‐industry perspective on areas where precompetitive collaboration can improve the inclusiveness in clinical trials, drawing on examples from ADNI4.

Highlights

New collaboration crosses boundaries to allow PPSB DE&I WG members to work together in a preproprietary way.

When faced with the same challenges required by FDA combined with a growing prevalence of AD, the DE&I WG has drafted a range of initiatives that may benefit ADNI, AD patients, care partners, and respective companies involved in this work.

In order to address the multifactorial problem of successfully enrolling representative populations in clinical trials, it will “take a village” to bring about sustainable changes.
Sex and APOE ε4 allele differences in longitudinal white matter microstructure in multiple cohorts of aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Peterson Amalia , Sathe Aditi , Zaras Dimitrios , Yang Yisu , Durant Alaina , Deters Kacie D. , Shashikumar Niranjana , Pechman Kimberly R. , Kim Michael E. , Gao Chenyu , Mohd Khairi Nazirah , Li Zhiyuan , Yao Tianyuan , Huo Yuankai , Dumitrescu Logan , Gifford Katherine A. , Wilson Jo Ellen , Cambronero Francis E. , Risacher Shannon L. , Beason‐Held Lori L. , An Yang , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Erus Guray , Davatzikos Christos , Tosun Duygu , Toga Arthur W. , Thompson Paul M. , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Habes Mohamad , Wang Di , Zhang Panpan , Schilling Kurt ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI),   The BIOCARD Study Team,   The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), Albert Marilyn , Kukull Walter , Biber Sarah A. , Landman Bennett A. , Johnson Sterling C. , Schneider Julie , Barnes Lisa L. , Bennett David A. , Jefferson Angela L. , Resnick Susan M. , Saykin Andrew J. , Hohman Timothy J. , Archer Derek B.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

The effects of sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE)—Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors—on white matter microstructure are not well characterized.

METHODS

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from nine well‐established longitudinal cohorts of aging were free water (FW)–corrected and harmonized. This dataset included 4741 participants (age = 73.06 ± 9.75) with 9671 imaging sessions over time. FW and FW‐corrected fractional anisotropy (FAFWcorr) were used to assess differences in white matter microstructure by sex and APOE ε4 carrier status.

RESULTS

Sex differences in FAFWcorr in projection tracts and APOE ε4 differences in FW limbic and occipital transcallosal tracts were most pronounced.

DISCUSSION

There are prominent differences in white matter microstructure by sex and APOE ε4 carrier status. This work adds to our understanding of disparities in AD. Additional work to understand the etiology of these differences is warranted.

Highlights

Sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carrier status relate to white matter microstructural integrity.

Females generally have lower free water–corrected fractional anisotropy compared to males.

APOE ε4 carriers tended to have higher free water than non‐carriers.
Stabilization of mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes regulates Aβ generation in a three‐dimensional neural model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zellmer Jacob C. , Tarantino Marina B. , Kim Michelle , Lomoio Selene , Maesako Masato , Hajnóczky György , Bhattacharyya Raja
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

We previously demonstrated that regulating mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) affects axonal Aβ generation in a well‐characterized three‐dimensional (3D) neural Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. MAMs vary in thickness and length, impacting their functions. Here, we examined the effect of MAM thickness on Aβ in our 3D neural model of AD.

METHODS

We employed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) or fluorescence‐based MAM stabilizers, electron microscopy, Aβ enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and live‐cell imaging with kymography to assess how stabilizing MAMs of different gap widths influence Aβ production and MAM axonal mobility.

RESULTS

Stabilizing tight MAMs (∼6 nm gap width) significantly increased Aβ levels, whereas basal (∼25 nm) and loose MAMs (∼40 nm) maintained or reduced Aβ levels, respectively. Tight MAMs reduced mitochondrial axonal velocity compared to basal MAMs, while loose MAMs showed severely reduced axonal distribution.

DISCUSSION

Our findings suggest that stabilizing MAMs of specific gap widths, particularly in axons, without complete destabilization could be an effective therapeutic strategy for AD.

Highlights

The stabilization of MAMs exacerbates or ameliorates Aβ generation from AD neurons in a MAM gap width‐dependent manner.

A specific stabilization threshold within the MAM gap width spectrum shifts the amyloidogenic process to non‐amyloidogenic.

Tight MAMs slow down mitochondrial axonal transport compared to lose MAMs offering a quantitative method for measuring MAM stabilization.
Interocular retinal asymmetry and cognitive frailty: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Yung‐Sung , Hsieh Yi‐Ting , Huang Te‐Hsuan , Chiou Jeng‐Min , Peng Tao‐Chun , Liu Yao‐Lin , Chen Jen‐Hau , Chen Yen‐Ching
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) or ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GC‐IPL) is associated with cognitive impairment. However, the relationship between retinal asymmetry and cognitive frailty (CF) remains unknown.

METHODS

Two hundred twenty‐two community‐dwelling older adults were assessed starting in 2015 and underwent biennial cognitive and frailty evaluations until 2022. Retinal asymmetry was defined as the absolute interocular retinal difference. Generalized linear mixed models estimated the risk of CF over time.

RESULTS

Among the participants, 158 completed the 4‐year follow‐up. Greater baseline GC‐IPL asymmetry was associated with worsening CF over time (adjusted odds ratio = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.10), with handgrip strength asymmetry significantly modifying this association (pinteraction = 0.02). GC‐IPL asymmetry was associated with cognitive impairment ( = −1.69 × 10−2; 95% CI = −3.13 × 10−2, −0.25 × 10−2) but not with physical frailty. RNFL showed no significant association with CF.

DISCUSSION

Interocular GC‐IPL asymmetry might be a new biomarker for CF in older adults.

Highlights

Interocular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GC‐IPL) asymmetry was associated with impaired memory–frailty, with handgrip strength asymmetry significantly modifying this association.

Interocular GC‐IPL asymmetry was associated with cognitive impairment.

Interocular retinal asymmetry might be a structural biomarker of cognitive frailty.
Identification of circulating risk biomarkers for cognitive decline in a large community‐based population in Chongqing China
Authors: Kang Yu , Feng Zijuan , Zhang Qian , Liu Mingjing , Li Yanhua , Yang Huan , Zheng Lingling , Cheng Chunjiang , Zhou Weitao , Lou Dandan , Li Xiaoyong , Chen Liangping , Feng Yi , Duan Xiaoling , Duan Jianzhong , Yu Mengjiao , Yang Shou , Liu Yuhang , Wang Xin , Deng Bo , Liu Chenghui , Yao Xiuqing , Zhu Chi , Liang Chunrong , Zeng Xiaolong , Ren Sisi , Li Qunying , Zhong Yin , Yan Yong , Meng Huaqing , Zhong Zhaohui , Zhang Yong , Kang Jun , Luan Xiaoqian , Pan Sipei , Wu Yili , Li Tingyu , Song Weihong , Zhang Yun
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

This study aims to investigate the relationship between blood‐based pathologies and established risk factors for cognitive decline in the community‐based population of Chongqing, a region with significant aging.

METHODS

A total of 26,554 residents aged 50 years and older were recruited. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to assess the risk factors of cognition levels. Propensity score matching and linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate the relationship between key risk factors and the circulating biomarkers.

RESULTS

Shared and distinct risk factors for MCI and dementia were identified. Age, lower education, medical history of stroke, hypertension, and epilepsy influenced mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progression to dementia. Correlations between key risk factors and circulating neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), amyloid β protein (Aβ)40, and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio suggest underlying mechanisms contributing to cognitive impairment.

DISCUSSION

The common and distinct risk factors across cognitive decline stages emphasize the need for tailored interventions. The correlations with blood biomarkers provide insights into potential management targets.

Highlights

From a large community‐based cohort study on the residents in Chongqing, we have identified that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia share several common risk factors, including age, female gender, rural living, lower education levels, and a medical history of stroke. However, each condition also has its own unique risk factors.

Several factors contribute to the progression of MCI into dementia including age, education levels, occupation, and a medical history of hypertension and epilepsy.

We discover the correlations between the risk factors for dementia and blood biomarkers that indicate the presence of axonal damage, glial activation, and Aβ pathology.
Factors associated with care‐resistant behavior in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Set
Authors: Bratches Reed W. R. , Backhouse Tamara , Barr Paul J. , Lee Cheryl , Puga Frank , Jablonski Rita A.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Little is known about the factors associated with care‐resistant behavior in community‐dwelling persons living with dementia.

METHODS

Regression modeling was performed on 41,143 responses to a standardized questionnaire from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Set.

RESULTS

In the fully adjusted mixed‐effects regression model, collinearity was low, with no variance inflation factor above 1.15. Moderate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50, 1.69) and severe (aOR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.82, 2.09) dementia severity; and Black (aOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.82), Hispanic ethnicity (aOR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.28), frontotemporal (aOR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.49) and Lewy body dementia (aOR 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.29) diagnosis type were associated with a higher odds of care‐resistant behavior. Female sex (aOR 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.91) and higher education (aOR 0.9, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.97) were associated with lower odds of care‐resistant behavior.

DISCUSSION

Interventions to manage care‐resistant behaviors should consider sociocultural factors as well as type of dementia diagnosis to limit caregiver strain and burden.

Highlights

Frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Black race were associated with a higher likelihood of exhibiting care‐resistant behavior.

Female sex and higher educational attainment were associated with a lower likelihood of exhibiting care‐resistant behavior.

Differences in specific presentations of care‐resistant behaviors are less understood.
TMEM106B C‐terminal fragments aggregate and drive neurodegenerative proteinopathy in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Riordan Ruben , Saxton Aleen , Han Marina , McMillan Pamela J. , Kow Rebecca L. , Liachko Nicole F. , Kraemer Brian C.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Genetic variation in the lysosomal and transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) modifies risk for several neurodegenerative disorders, especially frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The C‐terminal (CT) domain of TMEM106B occurs as fibrillar protein deposits in the brains of dementia patients.

METHODS

To determine the TMEM CT aggregation propensity and neurodegenerative potential, we generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing the human TMEM CT fragment aggregating in FTLD cases.

RESULTS

Pan‐neuronal expression of human TMEM CT in C. elegans causes severe neuronal dysfunction driving neurodegeneration.  Cytosolic aggregation of TMEM CT proteins accompanied by behavioral dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Loss of pgrn‐1 did not modify TMEM CT phenotypes suggesting TMEM CT aggregation occurs downstream of PGRN loss of function. The mechanistic drivers of TMEM106B proteinopathy appear distinct from known modifiers of tauopathy.

DISCUSSION

Our data demonstrate that TMEM CT aggregation can kill neurons. TMEM106B transgenic C.elegans provide a useful model for characterizing TMEM106B proteinopathy‐mediated neurodegeneration in FTLD.

Highlights

Pan‐neuronal expression of human TMEM106B C‐terminal fragments (TMEM CT) in C. elegans neurons drives a suite of disease‐related phenotypes useful for modeling the molecular and cellular features of TMEM106B neuropathology.

TMEM CT expression results in extensive TMEM aggregation and accumulation of highly detergent insoluble protein species.

TMEM CT expression causes moderate to severe neuronal dysfunction dependent on TMEM CT abundance as measured by stereotypical behavioral readouts.

TMEM CT expression drives significant neurodegenerative changes.

Dendra2 tagged TMEM exhibits similar properties to untagged TMEM allowing ready visualization of the protein.

TMEM CT aggregates accumulate adjacent to but not within lysosomes.

PGRN loss of function does not impact TMEM CT toxicity.

Modifiers of tau and TDP‐43 proteinopathies have little impact on TMEM CT‐related neurodegenerative phenotypes.
The Influence of Alkyl Spacers and Molecular Weight on the Charge Transport and Storage Properties of Oxy‐Bithiophene‐Based Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Yu Hang , Marks Adam , Tuladhar Sachetan M. , Siemons Nicholas , Anderson Iona , Bidinger Sophia , Keene Scott T. , Quill Tyler J. , Wu Ruiheng , Gough Olivia , Wu Guanchen , Eisner Flurin , Salleo Alberto , Rivnay Jonathan , Malliaras George G. , Barnes Piers R. F. , McCulloch Iain , Nelson Jenny
Published: December 2024

Conjugated polymers (CPs) with polar side chains can conduct electronic and ionic charges simultaneously, making them promising for bioelectronics, electrocatalysis and energy storage. Recent work showed that adding alkyl spacers between CP backbones and polar side chains improved electronic charge carrier mobility, reduced swelling and enhanced stability, without compromising ion transport. However, how alkyl spacers impact polymer backbone conformation and, subsequently, electronic properties remain unclear. In this work, we design two oxy‐bithiophene‐based CP series, each featuring progressively extended alkyl spacer lengths and two distinct molecular weight (MW) distributions. Using operando characterisations, we evaluate the (spectro)electrochemical and swelling properties of the polymer thin films, and their performance in organic field‐effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors. Surprisingly, alkyl spacers negatively impact the hole mobility of our polymers, with higher MW amplifying this effect. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that it is thermodynamically favourable for adjacent non‐polar alkyl spacers to aggregate in polar electrolytes, leading to backbone twisting. Further spectroscopic measurements corroborate this prediction. Our findings demonstrate the active interactions between side chain structure, MW and electrolyte/solvent polarity in influencing polymer performance, underscoring the importance of considering solvation environment effects on polymer conformation when designing new mixed conducting CPs for electrochemical applications.
Adjacent‐Ligand Tuning of Atomically Precise Cu−Pd Sites Enables Efficient Methanol Electrooxidation with a CO‐Free Pathway
Authors: Qin Yuanlong , Yu Kedi , Wang Guo , Zhuang Zechao , Dou Yuhai , Wang Dingsheng , Chen Zhengbo
Published: December 2024

Whether the catalyst can realize the non‐CO pathway is the key to greatly improve the catalytic activity and stability of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). It is feasible to optimize the reaction path selectivity by modifying organic ligands and constructing single‐atom systems. At the same time, heterogeneous metal nanosheets with atomic thickness have been shown to significantly enhance the catalytic activity of materials due to their ultra‐high exposure of active sites and synergistic effects. Herein, we synthesize an ultra‐thin heterogeneous alloy metallene with organic ligand‐modified surface Cu single atom by one‐pot wet chemical method, and further construct an efficient Cu−Pd active sites. The prepared octanoic acid ligand modified PdCu single‐atom alloys metallene (SAA OA−Cu‐Pdene) shows excellent catalytic activity and stability, with mass activity up to 5.64 A mgPd−1 and electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) up to 160.39 m2 gPd−1. Structural characterization and in situ experiment jointly indicate that ligand modulation brings about charge transfer, and the accompanying rapid migration of OH− greatly improves the selectivity of non‐CO pathways while improving the catalytic activity. The results highlight the importance of adjacent‐ligand regulation and provide a new strategy for the design of MOR catalysts with high selectivity of non‐CO pathway.
Charge Manipulation of Porous Coordination Cages Tunes the Efficiency and Selectivity in Electrochemical Synthesis
Authors: Su Zhifang , Liu Kang‐Kai , Xu Yu‐Qi , Yan Bing , Wang Shuangyin , Guan Zong‐Jie , Zou Yuqin , Fang Yu
Published: December 2024

Electrocatalytic synthesis of high‐value chemicals has been attracting growing interest owing to its environmentally benign reaction pathways. Among these processes, the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO3−) to ammonia (NH3), known as NO3RR, and the oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMFOR) stand out as two cornerstone reactions; yet, their efficiency and selectivity pose ongoing challenges. In this study, we introduce a charge manipulation approach for the design of highly efficient electrocatalysts tailored for the simultaneous coupling of NO3RR and HMFOR. We have synthesized a range of porous coordination cages (PCCs) that share the same topology and Co/Ni metal centers but incorporate different charged moieties, imparting them with distinct surface net charges. Electrocatalytic evaluations revealed that PCC‐Co demonstrated a voltage‐dependent activity in NO3RR. Conversely, PCC‐Ni exhibited a precisely adjustable product selectivity in HMFOR, contingent upon the cage‘s charge state. In situ analysis and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations underscored the profound impact of catalyst charge on the differential adsorption of reaction intermediates and the lowest free energy change (ΔG) during the pivotal reaction step, resulting in alterations to both activity and selectivity. These discoveries provide invaluable insights into the “structure‐performance relationship” of NO3RR/HMFOR catalysts, highlighting PCCs as promising contenders for advanced electrocatalysts.
Towards the Use of Low‐Concentration CO2 Sources by Direct Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction
Authors: Mahbub Muhammad Adib Abdillah , Das Debanjan , Wang Xin , Lu Guilong , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: December 2024

The direct CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) from simulated flue gas of various CO2 concentrations could minimize extra energy for pre‐concentration processes to highly concentrated CO2 as a feedstock. We investigate the challenges for CO2RR caused by low CO2 concentrations and provide strategies concerning the impact of the chosen electrocatalyst material and the selection of the electrolyte to attain high CO selectivity. We continuously feed CO2 mixed with N2 (the typical dilutant in flue gas) in various ratios to gas diffusion electrodes in a model flow‐through electrolyzer. Operating the CO2RR at lower CO2 concentrations results in an overpotential shift to more cathodic values. We show that higher active catalysts can maintain high CO selectivity down to 5 % CO2 by using NiCu‐based catalysts. NiCu reached its limit when the CO2 concentration was lowered to 2 %, due to low CO2 availability and competition of carbonate formation. Employing near‐neutral electrolytes with buffering capacity, we maintained high Faradaic efficiency at low overpotentials and higher CO2 utilization at low CO2 concentration.
The Influence of Air Gap Length on the Characteristics and Performance of Hybrid Polyethersulfone/Cellulose Nanocrystal/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Hollow Fiber Membrane for Humic Acid Removal
Authors: C. Mahmud Nor Azura , Saufi Syed M. , Abu Seman Mazrul Nizam , Takriff Mohd Sobri , Ang Wei Lun , Ab Latiff Mohd Helmi
Published: December 2024

Ready‐made or commercial hollow fiber (HF) membranes have limited performance for removing humic acid (HA) from water streams unless they undergo surface modification. Alternatively, a membrane can be tailor‐made specifically for HA removal by developing a new formulation and adjusting its fabrication parameters. In this study, to enhance the performance and antifouling properties of HF membranes, a hybrid membrane was developed by blending polyethersulfone (PES) with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The effect of air gap length during the dry–wet spinning process was investigated, ranging from 3 cm to 12 cm, to regulate the properties of the hybrid membrane. The membranes were evaluated in terms of morphology (FESEM and AFM), porosity, and hydrophilicity (contact angle). Water flux, HA rejection, and flux recovery ratio (FRR) were also measured. The air gap length significantly influenced the fiber structure, with the finger‐like structure expanding from the outer surface to the center of the fiber as the air gap extended up to 9 cm. This increase in air gap length resulted in a significant reduction in porosity, decreasing from 75.59% to 43.45%, while simultaneously enhancing the contact angle from 78° to 89.60°. The membrane produced at a 9 cm air gap length exhibited the best performance, with a pure water flux of 15.83 LMH, HA rejection over 95%, and a high FRR of 98.78%. The synergistic effect of combining CNC with MWCNT and simply adjusting the air gap distance proves to be an effective approach for preparing custom‐made HF membranes for HA removal.
Subsurface AFM Study of Inhomogeneous Polymeric Materials
Authors: Morozov I. A.
Published: December 2024

Fast indentation by atomic force microscopy allows the study of structural and physico‐mechanical properties of polymer surfaces. However, the applied load and the choice of the contact point affect the measured surface properties of the inhomogeneous material. The method of tracing the evolution of the surface structure under the load is presented. The stages of loading (tip‐surface contact, penetration into the outer surface layer revealing the internal structure) and unloading (viscoelastic recovery of the surface) are studied. Three polymers (epoxy, polyethylene, and filled rubber), whose internal heterogeneous structure is covered by a soft layer, have been analyzed. The importance of accurate determination of the contact point and the related limitations of static contact models at shallow indentation depths are shown. A dynamic model of nonequilibrium tip‐surface interaction is used to determine the surface energy and elastic modulus of the upper surface layer. The elastic moduli obtained at shallow and deep indentation depths allowed the estimation of the thickness of the layer covering the subsurface structures of the epoxy and the polyethylene. Analysis of the evolution of the filled rubber surface under the load showed the filler distribution in the matrix.
Miniaturized Mechanical Antennas: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Ren Hao
Published: December 2024

In the past decade, miniaturized mechanical antennas have become a research focus. Several types of mechanical antennas based on different operation principles, including mechanical antennas based on magnetoelectric effect, mechanical antennas based on permanent magnets, mechanical antennas based on electrets, and mechanical antennas based on piezoelectric resonators, are presented, all with sizes significantly smaller than conventional electrical antennas operating at the same resonant frequencies. This review focuses on the advances in mechanical antennas, potential applications as well as challenges and potential future directions for further performance improvement. Although the sizes of the state‐of‐the‐art mechanical antennas are several orders of magnitude smaller than traditional electrical counterparts with the same resonant frequencies, the reported maximum operation distance of mechanical antennas is still short, which is a major challenge for it to be widely implemented. By adopting new materials for mechanical antennas, adopting array configurations, adopting receiving antennas with higher sensitivity, and building new electromagnetic‐electromechanical coupled simulation methods, the maximum operation distance may be significantly improved, making mechanical antennas widely implemented in the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSN), implantable medical devices (IMD), and portable electronics applications.