bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly conjugated isoindigo and quinoxaline dyes as sunlight photosensitizers for onium salt‐photoinitiated cationic polymerization of epoxy resins
Authors: Ercan Bahar T , Gultekin Sirin S , Yesil Tamer , Dincalp Haluk , Koyuncu Sermet , Yagci Yusuf , Zafer Ceylan
Published: December 2021

In this study, photoinitiated cationic polymerization of epoxy resins by photoinduced electron transfer reactions using four new chromophoric dyes, namely (3E)‐1,1′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐6,6′‐dipyren‐1‐yl‐3,3′‐biindole‐2,2′(1H,1′H)‐dione (ISOIV), (3′E)‐1,1′′′‐diethyl‐1′,1′′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐1H,1′′′H‐5,6′:3′,3′′:6′′,5′′′‐quaterindole‐2′,2′′(1′H,1′′H)‐dione (ISOV), (3E)‐6,6′‐bis(9‐ethyl‐9H‐carbazole‐3‐yl)‐1‐[(2R)‐2‐ethylhexyl]‐1′‐[(2S)‐2‐ethylhexyl]‐3,3′‐biindole‐2,2′(1H,1′H)‐dione (ISOVIII) and 3,3′‐(6‐bromokinoksalin‐2,3‐diyl)bis(9‐ethyl‐9H‐carbazole) (TPDC6), and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph2I+PF6−; DPI) under sunlight is reported. Upon irradiation, photoexcited dye forms an exciplex with DPI. Electron transfer reactions within the exciplex result in the formation of ionic species capable of initiating ring‐opening polymerization of an epoxy resin. It is shown that among the investigated dyes, ISOVIII and TPDC6 exhibited higher initiation efficiency in accordance with their stronger electron‐donating nature due to the presence of carbazole groups. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Transparent back‐junction control in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber for high‐efficiency, color‐neutral, and semitransparent solar module
Authors: Jeong Ahrum , Choi Jae Myung , Lee Hyun‐Jae , Kim Gee Yeong , Park Jong‐Keuk , Kim Won Mok , Kuk Seungkuk , Wang Zhen , Hwang David J. , Yu Hyeonggeun , Jeong Jeung‐hyun
Published: December 2021

Transparent oxide back contact of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is crucial for semitransparent or bifacial CIGS photovoltaics. Parasitic GaOx resistive layer formed at the back junction, however, has been the bottleneck for transparent photovoltaic applications. Here, we show that a complementary control of the back junction enabled a high efficiency, semitransparent CIGS module. By employing a thin Ag precursor layer prior to CIGS evaporation, the back‐junction barrier could be eliminated. Atomic probe tomography measurement suggests that an appreciable amount of Ag doping in the GaOx may form hole‐tunneling channels at the back junction. We also found that potassium fluoride (KF) post‐deposition treatment (PDT) increased the back‐junction resistance and the bulk CIGS resistance compared to the case with Na PDT. The KF‐induced increased resistances turned out to be beneficial for suppressing the parasitic shunt current along the P1‐scribing region in our CIGS solar module. Interestingly, J–V rollover caused by the KF‐induced back‐junction barrier completely vanished after see‐through laser scribing of the module. We attribute the barrier‐lowering to a laser‐induced local heating at the back junction. The complementary engineering strategy introduced here would allow functional oxide back contact in CIGS photovoltaic modules for both high efficiency and semi‐transparency.
Experiences of college students with disabilities and mental health disorders: Informing college transition and retention
Authors: Francis Grace L. , Duke Jodi M. , Fujita Megan
Published: December 2021

The rate of college students with disabilities and co‐occurring mental health disorders (D/MH) is steadily increasing across the U.S. However, despite available services and supports, the outcomes of these students lag behind their peers without D/MH. Further, little is known about the needs of students with D/MH, including barriers they experience and strategies or resources they find helpful. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nine diverse college students with D/MH attending a public university, including how the complexities associated with D/MH effected their lives and strategies they used that supported their well‐being, via in‐depth interviews and focus groups. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Theoretical study of new promising conjugated psoralens in psoralen ultraviolet A therapy
Authors: Ayoubi‐Chianeh Mojgan , Jafarpour Farnaz
Published: December 2021

In our previous report (J. Phys. Org. Chem., 2019), we discussed novel silicon photosensitizers (PSs) in psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. Continuing this quest, we have scrutinized a new brand of PSs, via density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) methods. These PSs show intense narrow absorption peaks in the therapeutic window with very high molar absorption coefficients (
). Calculated vertical ionization potential (VIP) and vertical electron affinity (VEA) values indicate that our PSs can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through type I mechanism. Also, energies of the first triplet excited states (T1) and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) constants verify the possibility and efficiency of type II mechanism for the generation of the singlet excited state of molecular oxygen (1O2). The results introduce new potential PSs in PDT and PUVA therapy.
Characterization of respiratory illness surge (April–June 2021) post‐COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Masarweh Kamal , Gur Michal , Bar‐Yoseph Ronen , Bentur Lea , Dabaja‐Younis Halima
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Following the opening of lockdown and relaxation of public health restrictions, an unusual surge of respiratory illness occurred during the spring/summer (Q2) 2021 season. We aimed to characterize this surge compared to previous years.

Methods

Children discharged from a single tertiary hospital for respiratory illness or selected noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) between 2015 and 2021 were included, and hospitalization rates were compared. To evaluate whether the current respiratory surge resembles a typical winter, characteristics of the second quarter (Q2, April–June) of 2021 were compared to parallel seasons and to autumn/winter (Q4, October–December) of the previous years.

Results

Respiratory illness showed a seasonal peak, while the pattern of NCD was consistent throughout the study period. Respiratory illnesses showed a delayed surge in Q2 2021 (389 patients), with a missing seasonal peak in Q2 and Q4 2020 (135 and 119 patients, respectively). There were more cases of croup in Q2 2021 compared to Q2 and Q4 2015–2019 (26.2 vs. 12.5% and 15.8%, p < 0.001), fewer cases of pneumonia (5.9 vs. 15.9% and 11.7%, p < 0.001), lower admission rates (22.4 vs. 36.3% and 31.5%, p < 0.001), and fewer hypoxemia during hospitalization (6.3 vs. 11.7% and 10%, p < 0.001). Additionally, lower use of antibiotics (6.2 vs. 12.3% and 10.3%, p = 0.001 and 0.012, respectively) and higher use of steroids (33.7 vs. 24.8% and 28.3%, p < 0.001 and 0.034, respectively).

Conclusions

The postponed increase in respiratory morbidity after lockdown had unique characteristics, with upper respiratory illness predominating and fewer hospitalizations. Follow‐up is needed to assess the altered epidemiological patterns of respiratory diseases in the post‐COVID era.
Geometric Flow Equations for the Number of Space‐Time Dimensions
Authors: De Biasio Davide , Freigang Julian , Lüst Dieter
Published: December 2021

In this paper we consider new geometric flow equations, called D‐flow, which describe the variation of space‐time geometries under the change of the number of dimensions. The D‐flow is originating from the non‐trivial dependence of the volume of space‐time manifolds on the number of space‐time dimensions and it is driven by certain curvature invariants. We will work out specific examples of D‐flow equations and their solutions for the case of D‐dimensional spheres and Freund‐Rubin compactified space‐time manifolds. The discussion of the paper is motivated from recent swampland considerations, where the number D of space‐time dimensions is treated as a new swampland parameter.
Knowledge integration in transdisciplinary sustainability science: Tools from applied critical realism
Authors: Cockburn Jessica
Published: December 2021

Transdisciplinarity, which seeks to transcend the limits of existing disciplines and the boundaries between science and society, has become a hallmark of sustainability science. Since transdisciplinarity requires researchers to co‐produce knowledge by drawing together diverse knowledge systems, knowledge integration becomes a key challenge. However, the practice of knowledge integration brings to the fore tensions around philosophy, methodology and the role of the researcher. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the value of applied critical realism in enabling knowledge integration in transdisciplinary research, and in engaging these important tensions. I introduce tools from applied critical realism to enable knowledge integration across disciplinary and science‐society boundaries in sustainability science. Using an illustrative case of place‐based social‐ecological research from South Africa, I demonstrate the application of these tools. I conclude with a reflection on how they enable reflection on tensions related to philosophy, methodology and researcher positionality, identifying some of the challenges I experienced in putting these tools to work.
What Can GP Data Tell Us about the Treatment of Onychomycosis in the UK?
Authors: Sajeed M. , Wei L. , Murdan S.
Published: December 2021

Background

Treatment of onychomycosis is challenging, and there is much literature on optimal treatment strategies. In contrast, information on how onychomycosis is actually treated in primary care is scarce. Information on practice is important as it can reveal much, such as, to what extent national guidelines are followed and which population groups seek/receive treatment or do not do so.

Objectives

To describe the pattern of onychomycosis treatment in primary care in the UK, by patient's gender and age.

Methods

A population-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database was used to calculate incidence rates of onychomycosis in the years 2001–2017. The prescription of oral and topical anti-fungal drugs to patients with onychomycosis was reviewed.

Results

THIN data showed an onychomycosis incidence rate of about 50 per 100,000. More males than females (52% vs. 48%), and more people aged 50–59 years had received treatment for onychomycosis. Oral terbinafine was the most commonly prescribed drug, followed by topical amorolfine, although terbinafine was used more commonly by men and amorolfine by women. Patients with onychomycosis were also prescribed other antifungals, including itraconazole, griseofulvin, tioconazole, ketoconazole shampoo, fluconazole and clotrimazole. A greater proportion of women, compared to men, were prescribed fluconazole.

Conclusions

Onychomycosis treatment in primary care in the UK is broadly in concordance with national guidelines.
Cu2−xSx Capped AuCu Nanostars for Efficient Plasmonic Photothermal Tumor Treatment in the Second Near‐Infrared Window
Authors: Yu Qian , Peng Tingyu , Zhang Jinfeng , Liu Xiaoxuan , Pan Ye , Ge Dengfeng , Zhao Long , Rosei Federico , Zhang Jianming
Published: December 2021

Plasmonic nanohybrids are promising photo energy conversion materials in photoelectronics and biomedicine, due to their unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Au and Cu2−xSx nanostructures with strong SPR in the near‐infrared (NIR) spectral region are classic plasmonic systems used to convert NIR photons into heat for photothermal therapy (PTT). The rational design of the Au/Cu2−xSx nanohybrids is expected to induce better photothermal conversion; however, the construction of such hybrids via wet‐chemistry methods with a well‐controlled interfacial structure is still challenging. Here, the synthesis of an AuCu Star/Cu2 −xSx nanohybrid is reported, where the Cu2−xSx components are selectively grown on the AuCu nanostar tips to form “caps”. The spatial formation of the Cu2−xSx caps on star tips is mainly governed by surfactant concentration, tip curvature, and experimental manipulation. The nanohybrids show low cytotoxicity and superior photothermal conversion efficiency, enabling robust PTT to kill cancer cells in the second NIR window. Numerical simulation reveals that the coupling of Cu2−xSx on nanostar tips generates strong interfacial electric field, improving photothermal conversion. Moreover, the spatial separation structure favors the continuous flow of hot charge carriers to produce active radicals, further promoting the tumor treatment effect.
Combining Multivariate Electrospinning with Surface MOF Functionalization to Construct Tunable Active Sites toward Trifunctional Electrocatalysis
Authors: Hu Jiapeng , Qin Yongze , Sun Hao , Ma Yong , Lin Ling , Peng Yang , Zhong Jun , Chen Muzi , Zhao Xiaohui , Deng Zhao
Published: December 2021

The development of high‐performance multifunctional electrocatalysts operating in the same electrolyte is key to reduce the material and process costs of renewable energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, the fabrication of freestanding integral electrodes by combining multivariate electrospinning with surface metal organic framework functionalization to arrest pyrolytic emissions from fiber interior is reported, resulting in the expression of rich active sites with controlled composition, for example, the tunable Co‐P coordination. The as‐fabricated electrode of CoP@CF‐900, when used as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting, is able to deliver 200 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.89 V, significantly outshining the Pt/C‖RuO2 couple; when used as the air cathode for a zinc‐air battery, is able to operate more than 150 h at 10 mA cm−2 with a nearly constant round‐trip energy efficiency of ≈60%, also outperforming the Pt/C+RuO2 benchmark. The activity and kinetics origin of the superb multi‐functionality is further elucidated through extensive electroanalytical, post‐mortem, and operando characterizations, which underscore the construction of robust integral electrodes through synergistic structure and composition engineering.
Moving Towards an ETS in Mexico: The Case of International Cooperation
Authors: Cruz Neydi , Meneses Mireille
Published: December 2021

Mexico has participated in different international climate initiatives and has benefited from international collaboration. This cooperation, both at the political and technical levels, has been crucial for the design and implementation of the national carbon market. Through its climate diplomacy leadership, Mexico has played a key role in international carbon pricing initiatives, and in the technical sphere, the country has benefited from peer-to-peer international experiences and knowledge. This chapter analyzes those initiatives and their contribution to continue broadening collaboration towards a carbon market in the country. It explores how recent changes to the environmental agenda, adopted as of 2018 by the new federal administration, could hinder the implementation of the market mechanism.
Long-term caffeine treatment of Alzheimer mouse models ameliorates behavioural deficits and neuron loss and promotes cellular and molecular markers of neurogenesis
Authors: Stazi Martina , Lehmann Sandra , Sakib M. Sadman , Pena-Centeno Tonatiuh , Büschgens Luca , Fischer Andre , Weggen Sascha , Wirths Oliver
Published: December 2021

Epidemiological studies indicate that the consumption of caffeine, the most commonly ingested psychoactive substance found in coffee, tea or soft drinks, reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous treatment studies with transgenic AD mouse models reported a reduced amyloid plaque load and an amelioration of behavioral deficits. It has been further shown that moderate doses of caffeine have the potential to attenuate the health burden in preclinical mouse models of a variety of brain disorders (reviewed in Cunha in J Neurochem 139:1019–1055, 2016). In the current study, we assessed whether long-term caffeine consumption affected hippocampal neuron loss and associated behavioral deficits in the Tg4-42 mouse model of AD. Treatment over a 4-month period reduced hippocampal neuron loss, rescued learning and memory deficits, and ameliorated impaired neurogenesis. Neuron-specific RNA sequencing analysis in the hippocampus revealed an altered expression profile distinguished by the up-regulation of genes linked to synaptic function and processes, and to neural progenitor proliferation. Treatment of 5xFAD mice, which develop prominent amyloid pathology, with the same paradigm also rescued behavioral deficits but did not affect extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) levels or amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. These findings challenge previous assumptions that caffeine is anti-amyloidogenic and indicate that the promotion of neurogenesis might play a role in its beneficial effects.
Membrane-bound IL-6R is upregulated on Th17 cells and inhibits Treg cell migration by regulating post-translational modification of VASP in autoimmune arthritis
Authors: Yan Shuaifeng , Golumba-Nagy Viktoria , Kotschenreuther Konstantin , Thiele Jan , Refaian Nasrin , Shuya Deng , Gloyer Lydia , Dittrich-Salamon Mara , Meyer Anja , Heindl Ludwig M. , Kofler David M.
Published: December 2021

Autoimmune arthritis is characterized by impaired regulatory T (Treg) cell migration into inflamed joint tissue and by dysregulation of the balance between Treg cells and Th17 cells. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to contribute to this dysregulation, but the molecular mechanisms behind impaired Treg cell migration remain largely unknown. In this study, we assessed dynamic changes in membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL6R) expression levels on Th17 cells by flow cytometry during the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). In a next step, bioinformatics analysis based on proteomics was performed to evaluate potential pathways affected by altered IL-6R signaling in autoimmune arthritis. Our analysis shows that membrane-bound IL-6R is upregulated on Th17 cells and is inversely correlated with IL-6 serum levels in experimental autoimmune arthritis. Moreover, IL-6R expression is significantly increased on Th17 cells from untreated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interestingly, CD4+T cells from CIA mice and RA patients show reduced phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Bioinformatics analysis based on proteomics of CD4+T cells with low or high phosphorylation levels of VASP revealed that integrin signaling and related pathways are significantly enriched in cells with low phosphorylation of VASP. Specific inhibition of p-VASP reduces the migratory function of Treg cells but has no influence on effector CD4+T cells. Importantly, IL-6R blockade restores the phosphorylation level of VASP, thereby improving the migratory function of Treg cells from RA patients. Thus, our results establish a link between IL6R signaling and phosphorylation of VASP, which controls Treg cell migration in autoimmune arthritis.
The Vortex-like Behavior of the Riemann Zeta Function to the Right of the Critical Strip
Authors: Sepulcre J. M. , Vidal T.
Published: December 2021

Based on an equivalence relation that was established recently on exponential sums, in this paper we study the class of functions that are equivalent to the Riemann zeta function in the half-plane $$\{s\in {\mathbb {C}}:\mathrm{Re}\, s>1\}$$

{
s
∈
C
:
Re

s
>
1
}

. In connection with this class of functions, we first determine the value of the maximum abscissa from which the images of any function in it cannot take a prefixed argument. The main result shows that each of these functions experiments a vortex-like behavior in the sense that the main argument of its images varies indefinitely near the vertical line $$\mathrm{Re}\, s=1$$

Re

s
=
1

. In particular, regarding the Riemann zeta function $$\zeta (s)$$

ζ
(
s
)

, for every $$\sigma _0>1$$

σ
0

>
1

we can assure the existence of a relatively dense set of real numbers $$\{t_m\}_{m\ge 1}$$

{

t
m

}

m
≥
1

such that the parametrized curve traced by the points $$(\mathrm{Re} (\zeta (\sigma +it_m)),\mathrm{Im}(\zeta (\sigma +it_m)))$$

(
Re

(
ζ

(
σ
+
i

t
m

)

)

,
Im

(
ζ

(
σ
+
i

t
m

)

)

)

, with $$\sigma \in (1,\sigma _0)$$

σ
∈
(
1
,

σ
0

)

, makes a prefixed finite number of turns around the origin.
Modelling the complexity of pandemic-related lifestyle quality change and mental health: an analysis of a nationally representative UK general population sample
Authors: Butter Sarah , Murphy Jamie , Hyland Philip , McBride Orla , Shevlin Mark , Hartman Todd K. , Bennett Kate , Gibson-Miller Jilly , Levita Liat , Martinez Anton P. , Mason Liam , McKay Ryan , Stocks Thomas V. A. , Vallières Frédérique , Bentall Richard P.
Published: December 2021

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way many individuals go about their daily lives. This study attempted to model the complexity of change in lifestyle quality as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its context within the UK adult population.

Methods

Data from the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium Study (Wave 3, July 2020; N = 1166) were utilised. A measure of COVID-19-related lifestyle change captured how individuals’ lifestyle quality had been altered as a consequence of the pandemic. Exploratory factor analysis and latent profile analysis were used to identify distinct lifestyle quality change subgroups, while multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed to describe class membership.

Results

Five lifestyle dimensions, reflecting partner relationships, health, family and friend relations, personal and social activities, and work life, were identified by the EFA, and seven classes characterised by distinct patterns of change across these dimensions emerged from the LPA: (1) better overall (3.3%), (2) worse except partner relations (6.0%), (3) worse overall (2.5%), (4) better relationships (9.5%), (5) better except partner relations (4.3%), (6) no different (67.9%), and (7) worse partner relations only (6.5%). Predictor variables differentiated membership of classes. Notably, classes 3 and 7 were associated with poorer mental health (COVID-19 related PTSD and suicidal ideation).

Conclusions

Four months into the pandemic, most individuals’ lifestyle quality remained largely unaffected by the crisis. Concerningly however, a substantial minority (15%) experienced worsened lifestyles compared to before the pandemic. In particular, a pronounced deterioration in partner relations seemed to constitute the more severe pandemic-related lifestyle change.
Vascular Response on a Novel Fibrin-Based Coated Flow Diverter
Authors: Mühl-Benninghaus Ruben , Fries Frederik , Kießling Mara , Tomori Toshiki , Krajewski Stefanie , Simgen Andreas , Bauer Sabina , Hey Natascha , Brynda Eduard , Taborska Johanka , Riedel Tomáš , Reith Wolfgang , Cattaneo Giorgio , Brochhausen Christoph
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Due to thromboembolic complications and in-stent-stenosis after flow diverter (FD) treatment, the long-term use of dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) is mandatory. The tested nano-coating has been shown to reduce material thrombogenicity and promote endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. We compared the biocompatibility of coated (Derivo Heal) and non-coated (Derivo bare) FDs with DAPT in an animal model.

Methods

Derivo® bare (n = 10) and Derivo® Heal (n = 10) FD were implanted in the common carotid arteries (CCAs) of New Zealand white rabbits. One additional FD, alternately a Derivo bare (n = 5) or Derivo Heal (n = 5), was implanted in the abdominal aorta (AA) for assessment of the patency of branch arteries. Histopathological examinations were performed after 28 days. Angiography was performed before and after FD implantation and at follow-up.

Results

Statistical analysis of the included specimens showed complete endothelialization of all FDs with no significant differences in neointima thickness between Derivo® bare and Derivo® Heal (CCA: p = 0.91; AA: p = 0.59). A significantly reduced number of macrophages in the vessel wall of the Derivo Heal was observed for the CCA (p = 0.02), and significantly reduced fibrin and platelet deposition on the surface of the Derivo Heal was observed for the AA. All branch arteries of the stented aorta remained patent.

Conclusion

In this animal model, the novel fibrin-based coated FD showed a similar blood and tissue compatibility as the non-coated FD.
Digital Literacy
Authors: Rolf Arno
Published: December 2021

In diesem Beitrag geht es nicht um fachspezifische Inhalte der Informatik. Um sie kümmern sich viele Lehrende in Forschung und Lehre und seit mehr als einem Jahr unter den erschwerten Bedingungen der Pandemie. Es geht um das Innovative der digitalen Transformation, um die Herausforderungen und Potenziale für Gesellschaft, Ökonomie und Umwelt und wie diese Teil der Informatiklehre werden können. Orientierung und Urteilsfähigkeit über den Prozess der digitalen Transformation zu erwerben, sollte im Zentrum von Digital Literacy stehen. Der Beitrag basiert auf Lehrerfahrungen aus mehreren Semestern, über die wir berichten werden.
Das Nationale Krebspräventionszentrum
Authors: Baumann Michael , Braun Anja , Helbig Ulrike , Nettekoven Gerd , Will Ursula
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund

Die Zahl der Krebserkrankungen wird sich in den nächsten Jahren deutlich erhöhen. Liegt die Zahl der Neuerkrankungen in Deutschland aktuell bei rund 500.000 pro Jahr, prognostizieren Experten für 2030 einen Anstieg um 20 % auf 600.000 Neuerkrankungen. Mit den zur Verfügung stehenden primärpräventiven Maßnahmen könnten schon heute rund 40 % aller Krebserkrankungen verhindert werden. Laut Schätzungen im europäischen Raum wäre über den gesamten translationalen Ansatz von Krebsforschung und onkologischer Versorgung einschließlich Ansätzen der Prävention ein krebsspezifisches 10-Jahres-Überleben von etwa 75 % im Jahr 2030 zu erreichen. Dennoch ist das Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland weit davon entfernt, dieses Potenzial voll auszuschöpfen – es fehlt an evidenzbasierten, kosteneffektiven und flächendeckenden Präventionsangeboten.

Schlussfolgerung

Ein systematischer Ausbau der angewandten Prävention und Präventionsforschung ist notwendig, um das Entstehen von Krebserkrankungen zu verhindern und den Anteil früh erkannter und mit heutigen Methoden heilbarer Krebserkrankungen messbar zu erhöhen. Hier setzt das im Herbst 2019 gemeinsam vom Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrum und der Deutschen Krebshilfe gegründete Nationale Krebspräventionszentrum an. Das Zentrum soll im Sinne eines Comprehensive Prevention Center hochrangige Präventionsforschung, Aus- und Weiterbildung sowie Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Politikberatung direkt unter einem Dach vereinen und über Outreach-Programme und Netzwerkbildung flächendeckend implementieren. Dabei folgt es einer translationalen Strategie von der Grundlagenforschung bis hin zur Einführung neuer Methoden in evidenzbasierte flächendeckende Präventionssysteme.
Ethical Marketing in the Blockchain-Based Sharing Economy: Theoretical Integration and Guiding Insights
Authors: Tan Teck Ming , Salo Jari
Published: December 2021

Since the introduction of Ethereum in 2015, blockchain technology (BT) has been evolving, and BT has been associated with the concept of the sharing economy by business academics. Despite the marketing research on the sharing economy that has been extensively conducted in the last decade, the linkage between BT and ethical marketing in the sharing economy remains unclear. Through a systematic literature review of 163 articles and a co-citation analysis, this study identifies the key elements of blockchain capabilities, blockchain attributes, and the underlying economic theories of blockchain. It also synthesizes and proposes a shift of ethical marketing logic in the blockchain-based sharing economy that delineates the principles of stakeholder capitalism. The article concludes with a list of future research directions that underline three approaches of stakeholder theory (i.e., the descriptive, instrument, and normative approaches). These directions aim to guide marketing scholars concerning how BT enables an institutionally embedded view of ethical marketing activities and practices that enhance collaborative marketing and subsequently innovate value chains and create sustainable business models in the sharing economy, as well as to the metaverse.
What About Us? Experiences of Relatives Regarding Physician-Assisted Death for Patients Suffering from Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pronk Rosalie , Willems D. L. , van de Vathorst S.
Published: December 2021

Physician-assisted death (PAD) for patients suffering from mental illness is legally permitted in the Netherlands. Although patients’ relatives are not entrusted with a legal role, former research revealed that physicians take into account the patient’s social context and their well-being, in deciding whether or not to grant the request. However, these studies focussed on relatives’ experiences in the context of PAD concerning patients with somatic illness. To date, nothing is known on their experiences in the context of PAD concerning the mentally ill. We studied the experiences of relatives with regard to a PAD request by patients suffering from mental illness. The data for this study were collected through 12 interviews with relatives of patients who have or had a PAD request because of a mental illness. We show that relatives are ambivalent regarding the patient’s request for PAD and the following trajectory. Their ambivalence is characterised by their understanding of the wish to die and at the same time hoping that the patient would make another choice. Respondents’ experiences regarding the process of the PAD request varied, from positive (‘intimate’) to negative (‘extremely hard’). Some indicated that they wished to be more involved as they believe the road towards PAD should be a joint trajectory. To leave them out during such an important event is not only painful, but also harmful to the relative as it could potentially complicate their grieving process. Professional support during or after the PAD process was wanted by some, but not by all.
Delineation of molecular interactions of plant growth promoting bacteria induced β-1,3-glucanases and guanosine triphosphate ligand for antifungal response in rice: a molecular dynamics approach
Authors: Jha Yachana , Dehury Budheswar , Kumar S. P. Jeevan , Chaurasia Anurag , Singh Udai B. , Yadav Manoj Kumar , Angadi U. B. , Ranjan Rajiv , Tripathy Minaketan , Subramanian R. B. , Kumar Sunil , Simal-Gandara Jesus
Published: December 2021

Background

The plant growth is influenced by multiple interactions with biotic (microbial) and abiotic components in their surroundings. These microbial interactions have both positive and negative effects on plant. Plant growth promoting bacterial (PGPR) interaction could result in positive growth under normal as well as in stress conditions.

Methods

Here, we have screened two PGPR’s and determined their potential in induction of specific gene in host plant to overcome the adverse effect of biotic stress caused by Magnaporthe grisea, a fungal pathogen that cause blast in rice. We demonstrated the glucanase protein mode of action by performing comparative modeling and molecular docking of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) ligand with the protein. Besides, molecular dynamic simulations have been performed to understand the behavior of the glucanase-GTP complex.

Results

The results clearly showed that selected PGPR was better able to induce modification in host plant at morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular level by activating the expression of β-1,3-glucanases gene in infected host plant. The docking results indicated that Tyr75, Arg256, Gly258, and Ser223 of glucanase formed four crucial hydrogen bonds with the GTP, while, only Val220 found to form hydrophobic contact with ligand.

Conclusions

The PGPR able to induce β-1,3-glucanases gene in host plant upon pathogenic interaction and β-1,3-glucanases form complex with GTP by hydrophilic interaction for induction of defense cascade for acquiring resistance against Magnaporthe grisea.

Graphical abstract
Student participation in university administration: factors, approaches and impact
Authors: Shahabul Haque , Muthanna Abdulghani , Sultana Monira
Published: December 2021

What motivates students to participate in student organizations, how students participate in university administration decision-making, and how such participation influences students’ overall development is under-researched in Bangladesh. Therefore, to uncover such dynamics we employed document analyses, observations, and in-depth interviews with 25 university administrators, teachers, students, and social and cultural activists. As a result of this research, the findings reveal several factors behind students’ participation in student organizations that also participate in university administration. While such participation is positive for students’ overall development, the participation in university administration is not that effective. This requires of the university administration to reconsider students’ voices and interests while making decisions related to students’ overall development.
The sequence of manipulation matters: Abstract thinking offsets ego-depletion when induced before, but not after a depleting task
Authors: Unger Alexander , Papastamatelou Julie
Published: December 2021

Based on theoretical and empirical studies dealing with the facilitation and inhibiting effects of different psychic distances (low vs. high construal-level), we tested if the exhibition of self-control under a high construal-level is a more efficient and less resource exhausting mode, compared to the exhibition of self-control under a low construal level. Prior studies already showed that the execution of self-control results in a lower construal-level and a high construal-level has facilitating effects on self-control. We expand upon these studies by: 1. operationalizing the whole process of ego-depletion through two sequential self-control tasks, 2. combining one ego-depletion and one construal-level manipulation in a 2 by 2 design and 3. varying the sequence of manipulations. In Experiment 1, we examined how the manipulation of the participants before and after being depleted, affects the self-control performance in a final task. In Experiment 2, we re-tested the offset of ego-depletion on another self-control measurement, with the condition of a high construal-level manipulated first. In Experiment 1 the ego-depletion effect remained existent when the construal-level was manipulated after the execution of self-control in a stroop test, but it was offset, when the construal-level was manipulated before the stoop test. Drawing on measurements of the perceived available self-control resources in Experiment 2, we were able to rule out an alternative approach, explaining similar results by an attentional shift towards reduced resources under low construal-level.
RhoGEF Trio Regulates Radial Migration of Projection Neurons via Its Distinct Domains
Authors: Wei Chengwen , Sun Mengwen , Sun Xiaoxuan , Meng Hu , Li Qiongwei , Gao Kai , Yue Weihua , Wang Lifang , Zhang Dai , Li Jun
Published: December 2021

The radial migration of cortical pyramidal neurons (PNs) during corticogenesis is necessary for establishing a multilayered cerebral cortex. Neuronal migration defects are considered a critical etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), schizophrenia, epilepsy, and intellectual disability (ID). TRIO is a high-risk candidate gene for ASDs and ID. However, its role in embryonic radial migration and the etiology of ASDs and ID are not fully understood. In this study, we found that the in vivo conditional knockout or in utero knockout of Trio in excitatory precursors in the neocortex caused aberrant polarity and halted the migration of late-born PNs. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that the interaction of the Trio N-terminal SH3 domain with Myosin X mediated the adherence of migrating neurons to radial glial fibers through regulating the membrane location of neuronal cadherin (N-cadherin). Also, independent or synergistic overexpression of RAC1 and RHOA showed different phenotypic recoveries of the abnormal neuronal migration by affecting the morphological transition and/or the glial fiber-dependent locomotion. Taken together, our findings clarify a novel mechanism of Trio in regulating N-cadherin cell surface expression via the interaction of Myosin X with its N-terminal SH3 domain. These results suggest the vital roles of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (GEF1) and GEF2 domains in regulating radial migration by activating their Rho GTPase effectors in both distinct and cooperative manners, which might be associated with the abnormal phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Characterization of the Geometric Distribution Via Linear Combinations of Observations and of Records
Authors: Arnold Barry C. , Villasenor Jose A.
Published: December 2021

In a sequence of independent identically distributed geometric random variables, the sum of the first two record values is distributed as a simple linear combination of geometric variables. It is verified that this distributional property characterizes the geometric distribution. A related characterization conjecture is also discussed. Related discussion in the context of weak records is also provided.
How preceptors develop trust in continuity clinic residents and how trust influences supervision: A qualitative study
Authors: Penner John C. , Hauer Karen E. , Julian Katherine A. , Sheu Leslie
Published: December 2021

Introduction To advance in their clinical roles, residents must earn supervisors’ trust. Research on supervisor trust in the inpatient setting has identified learner, supervisor, relationship, context, and task factors that influence trust. However, trust in the continuity clinic setting, where resident roles, relationships, and context differ, is not well understood. We aimed to explore how preceptors in the continuity clinic setting develop trust in internal medicine residents and how trust influences supervision.

Methods In this qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with faculty preceptors from two continuity clinic sites in an internal medicine residency program at an urban academic medical center in the United States from August 2018–June 2020. We analyzed transcripts using thematic analysis with sensitizing concepts related to the theoretical framework of the five factors of trust.

Results Sixteen preceptors participated. We identified four key drivers of trust and supervision in the continuity clinic setting: 1) longitudinal resident-preceptor-patient relationships, 2) direct observations of continuity clinic skills, 3) resident attitude towards their primary care physician role, and 4) challenging context and task factors influencing supervision. Preceptors shared challenges to determining trust stemming from incomplete knowledge about patients and limited opportunities to directly observe and supervise between-visit care.

Discussion The continuity clinic setting offers unique supports and challenges to trust development and trust-supervision alignment. Maximizing resident-preceptor-patient continuity, promoting direct observation, and improving preceptor supervision of residents’ provision of between-visit care may improve resident continuity clinic learning and patient care.
Two Constitutional Cultures, Technological Enforcement and User Creativity: The Impending Collapse of the EU Copyright Regime?
Authors: Westkamp Guido
Published: December 2021

InPelham, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the German Federal Constitutional Court reached diametrically opposing conclusions on the relevance of freedom of art in copyright law. The different stances permit a speculative prediction – they can have immediate consequences for the predictable challenges against the new platform liability regime, and its associated dangers of widespread filtering and blocking. The article discusses the numerous constitutional implications, with specific attention given to the respective interests affected by the new regime (authors, exploiters, users, platforms) in light of the divergent approaches from the perspective of what appears to be two rather conflicting constitutional cultures: specific perceptions of fundamental rights and proportionality under German law versus an approach tending to emphasise market integration under the EU legal order. Recent assertions by the German Federal Constitutional Court redistributing the division of competences between national and EU law permit the prediction of a disturbing future collision course between the two systems, with potentially massive implications for EU copyright law by and large.
Unlocking the bacterial contact-dependent antibacterial activity to engineer a biocontrol alliance of two species from natural incompatibility to artificial compatibility
Authors: Wu Qianhua , Wang Bozhen , Shen Xi , Shen Danyu , Wang Bingxin , Guo Qinggang , Li Tao , Shao Xiaolong , Qian Guoliang
Published: December 2021

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) contain various biocontrol bacteria with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and their single species has been extensively applied to control crop diseases. The development of complex biocontrol community by mixing two or more PGPR members together is a promising strategy to enlarge the efficacy and scope of biocontrol. However, an effective method to assess the natural compatibility of PGPR members has not yet been established to date. Here, we developed such a tool by using the bacterial contact-dependent antibacterial activity (CDAA) as a probe. We showed that the CDAA events are common in two-species interactions in the four selected representative PGPRs, represented by the incompatible interaction of Lysobacter enzymogenes strain OH11 (OH11) and Lysobacter antibioticus strain OH13 (OH13). We further showed that the CDAA between OH11 and OH13 is jointly controlled by a contact-dependent killing device, called the type IV secretion system (T4SS). By deleting the respective T4SS synthesis genes, the T4SS in both strains was co-inactivated and this step unlocked  their natural CDAA, resulting in an engineered, compatible mutant alliance that co-displayed antibacterial and antifungal activity. Therefore, this study reveals that releasing bacterial CDAA is effective to rationally engineer the biocontrol community.
A Proposed Method to Evaluate Warehouse Location for 3PL Cold Chain Suppliers in Gulf Countries Using Neutrosophic Fuzzy EDAS
Authors: Demircan Murat Levent , Özcan Berkay
Published: December 2021

Logistics processes have been analyzed as one of the most critical expense items for companies. Companies that failed to manage their logistics processes well could not reach the desired growth rates, and some even disappeared. Logistics management without process optimizations can be time and money consuming for the companies. Logistics processes significantly influence organizations' efficiency. Logistic professionals should keep the process flow quality at a certain level, and some decision problems should be analyzed and answered well. Location selection of a warehouse is one of the most crucial decision problems of supply chain and logistics management. Alternatives are evaluated in quantitative and qualitative criteria to decide the best location alternative using scientific MCDM techniques. Different scientific methods have been developed and used to solve this problem. As for this study, the aim is to investigate the warehouse location selection of third-party cold chain logistics suppliers. The importance of keeping perishable products under the right conditions increased, since it is realized that cold chain warehousing and transportation prevent the product spoiled. Organizations can save their funds and time by having effective cold chain management. This study's main scope is to give a new scientific perspective for warehouse selection in cold chain logistics. MCDM technique of Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Fuzzy (IVNF) EDAS method has been used to evaluate essential criteria and choose the best option. Critical cities of Gulf Region countries have been considered alternatives in a numerical illustration.
Re-examination of species limits in Aspergillus section Flavipedes using advanced species delimitation methods and description of four new species
Authors: Jurjević Ž. , Houbraken J. , Sklenář F. , Kolařík M. , Arendrup M.C. , Jørgensen K.M. , Siqueira J.P.Z. , Gené J. , Yaguchi T. , Ezekiel C.N. , Silva Pereira C. , Hubka V.
Published: December 2021

Since the last revision in 2015, the taxonomy of section Flavipedes evolved rapidly along with the availability of new species delimitation techniques. This study aims to re-evaluate the species boundaries of section Flavipedes members using modern delimitation methods
applied to an extended set of strains (n = 90) collected from various environments. The analysis used DNA sequences of three house-keeping genes (benA, CaM, RPB2) and consisted of two steps: application of several single-locus (GMYC, bGMYC, PTP, bPTP) and multi-locus (STACEY)
species delimitation methods to sort the isolates into putative species, which were subsequently validated using DELINEATE software that was applied for the first time in fungal taxonomy. As a result, four new species are introduced, i.e. A. alboluteus, A. alboviridis,
A. inusitatus and A. lanuginosus, and A. capensis is synonymized with A. iizukae. Phenotypic analyses were performed for the new species and their relatives, and the results showed that the growth parameters at different temperatures and colonies
characteristics were useful for differentiation of these taxa. The revised section harbors 18 species, most of them are known from soil. However, the most common species from the section are ecologically diverse, occurring in the indoor environment (six species), clinical samples (five species),
food and feed (four species), droppings (four species) and other less common substrates/environments. Due to the occurrence of section Flavipedes species in the clinical material/hospital environment, we also evaluated the susceptibility of 67 strains to six antifungals (amphotericin
B, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, isavuconazole, terbinafine) using the reference EUCAST method. These results showed some potentially clinically relevant differences in susceptibility between species. For example, MICs higher than those observed for A. fumigatus wild-type
were found for both triazoles and amphotericin B for A. ardalensis, A. iizukae, and A. spelaeus whereas A. lanuginosus, A. luppiae, A. movilensis, A. neoflavipes, A. olivimuriae and A. suttoniae were comparable to or more susceptible as A. fumigatus.
Finally, terbinafine was in vitro active against all species except A. alboviridis.
Learning Morality, Inequalities, and Faith
Authors: Dilger Hansjörg
Published: December 2021

Christian and Muslim schools have become important target points in families and pupils' quests for new study opportunities and securing a 'good life' in Tanzania. These schools combine secular education with the moral (self-)formation of young people, triggering new realignments of the fields of education with interreligious co-existence and class formation in the country's urban centres. Hansjörg Dilger explores the emerging entanglements of faith, morality, and the educational market in Dar es Salaam, thereby shedding light on processes of religious institutionalisation and their individual and collective embodiment. By contextualising these dynamics through analysis of the politics of Christian-Muslim relations in postcolonial Tanzania, this book shows how the field of education has shaped the positions of these highly diverse religious communities in diverging ways. In doing so, Dilger suggests that students and teachers' religious experience and practice in faith-oriented schools are shaped by the search for socio-moral belonging as well as by the power relations and inequalities of an interconnected world.