bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Instructor Type Matter? Undergraduate Student Perception of Graduate Teaching Assistants and Professors
Authors: Kendall K. Denise , Schussler Elisabeth E.
Published: June 2012

Graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) are used extensively as instructors in higher education, yet their status and authority as teachers may be unclear to undergraduates, to administrators, and even to the GTAs themselves. This study explored undergraduate perception of classroom instruction by GTAs and professors to identify factors unique to each type of instructor versus the type of classes they teach. Data collection was via an online survey composed of subscales from two validated instruments, as well as one open-ended question asking students to compare the same class taught by a professor versus a GTA. Quantitative and qualitative results indicated that some student instructional perceptions are specific to instructor type, and not class type. For example, regardless of type of class, professors are perceived as being confident, in control, organized, experienced, knowledgeable, distant, formal, strict, hard, boring, and respected. Conversely, GTAs are perceived as uncertain, hesitant, nervous, relaxed, laid-back, engaging, interactive, relatable, understanding, and able to personalize teaching. Overall, undergraduates seem to perceive professors as having more knowledge and authority over the curriculum, but enjoy the instructional style of GTAs. The results of this study will be used to make recommendations for GTA professional development programs.
TBCRC 001: Randomized Phase II Study of Cetuximab in Combination With Carboplatin in Stage IV Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Carey Lisa A. , Rugo Hope S. , Marcom P. Kelly , Mayer Erica L. , Esteva Francisco J. , Ma Cynthia X. , Liu Minetta C. , Storniolo Anna Maria , Rimawi Mothaffar F. , Forero-Torres Andres , Wolff Antonio C. , Hobday Timothy J. , Ivanova Anastasia , Chiu Wing-Keung , Ferraro Madlyn , Burrows Emily , Bernard Philip S. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Perou Charles M. , Winer Eric P.
Published: June 2012

Purpose

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a targetable receptor frequently overexpressed in basal-like breast cancer, which comprises most triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), the only subtype without established targeted therapy.

Patients and Methods

In this randomized phase II trial, patients with metastatic TNBC received anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (400 mg/m2 load then 250 mg/m2 per week intravenously [IV]) alone, with carboplatin (area under the curve of 2, once per week IV) added after progression or as concomitant therapy from the beginning. Response rate (RR) was the primary end point; others included time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Embedded correlative studies included molecular subtyping on archival tissue. Fresh tumor tissue before and after 7 to 14 days of therapy was used for microarray analyses exploring EGFR pathway activity and inhibition.

Results

In 102 patients with TNBC, RRs were 6% (two of 31) to cetuximab and 16% (four of 25) to cetuximab plus carboplatin after progression. RR to those treated from the beginning with cetuximab plus carboplatin was 17% (12 of 71); 31% of patients responded or had prolonged disease stabilization. The cetuximab plus carboplatin regimen was well tolerated, but both TTP and OS were short at 2.1 months (95% CI, 1.8 to 5.5 months) and 10.4 months (95% CI, 7.7 to 13.1 months), respectively. Of 73 patients with archival tissue for analysis, 74% had basal-like molecular subtype. Sixteen patients had tumor biopsies before and 1 week after therapy; genomic patterns of the EGFR pathway showed activation in 13 and inhibition by therapy in five.

Conclusion

Despite strong preclinical data, combination cetuximab plus carboplatin in metastatic TNBC produced responses in fewer than 20% of patients. EGFR pathway analysis showed that most TNBCs involved activation. However, cetuximab blocked expression of the EGFR pathway in only a minority, suggesting that most had alternate mechanisms for pathway activation.
Phase II Trial of Trastuzumab in Combination With Cytotoxic Chemotherapy for Treatment of Metastatic Osteosarcoma With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Overexpression: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Ebb David , Meyers Paul , Grier Holcombe , Bernstein Mark , Gorlick Richard , Lipshultz Steven E. , Krailo Mark , Devidas Meenakshi , Barkauskas Donald A. , Siegal Gene P. , Ferguson William Shay , Letson George Douglas , Marcus Karen , Goorin Allen , Beardsley Peter , Marina Neyssa
Published: June 2012

Purpose

Despite efforts to intensify chemotherapy, survival for patients with metastatic osteosarcoma remains poor. Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in osteosarcoma has been shown to predict poor therapeutic response and decreased survival. This study tests the safety and feasibility of delivering biologically targeted therapy by combining trastuzumab with standard chemotherapy in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma and HER2 overexpression.

Patients and Methods

Among 96 evaluable patients with newly diagnosed metastatic osteosarcoma, 41 had tumors that were HER2-positive by immunohistochemistry. All patients received chemotherapy with cisplatin, doxorubicin, methotrexate, ifosfamide, and etoposide. Dexrazoxane was administered with doxorubicin to minimize the risk of cardiotoxicity from treatment with trastuzumab and anthracycline. Only patients with HER2 overexpression received concurrent therapy with trastuzumab given for 34 consecutive weeks.

Results

The 30-month event-free and overall survival rates for patients with HER2 overexpression treated with chemotherapy and trastuzumab were 32% and 59%, respectively. For patients without HER2 overexpression, treated with chemotherapy alone, the 30-month event-free and overall survival rates were 32% and 50%, respectively. There was no clinically significant short-term cardiotoxicity in patients treated with trastuzumab and doxorubicin.

Conclusion

Despite intensive chemotherapy plus trastuzumab for patients with HER2-positive disease, the outcome for all patients was poor, with no significant difference between the HER2-positive and HER2-negative groups. Although our findings suggest that trastuzumab can be safely delivered in combination with anthracycline-based chemotherapy and dexrazoxane, its therapeutic benefit remains uncertain. Definitive assessment of trastuzumab's potential role in treating osteosarcoma would require a randomized study of patients with HER2-positive disease.
Immunohistochemical Double-Hit Score Is a Strong Predictor of Outcome in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Rituximab Plus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone
Authors: Green Tina Marie , Young Ken H. , Visco Carlo , Xu-Monette Zijun Y. , Orazi Attilio , Go Ronald S. , Nielsen Ole , Gadeberg Ole V. , Mourits-Andersen Torben , Frederiksen Mikael , Pedersen Lars Møller , Møller Michael Boe
Published: June 2012

Purpose

Approximately 5% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are double-hit lymphomas (DHLs) with translocations of both MYC and BCL2. DHLs are characterized by poor outcome. We tested whether DLBCLs with high expression of MYC protein and BCL2 protein share the clinical features and poor prognosis of DHLs.

Patients and Methods

Paraffin-embedded lymphoma samples from 193 patients with de novo DLBCL who were uniformly treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) were studied using immunohistochemistry for MYC, BCL2, CD10, BCL6, and MUM1/interferon regulatory factor 4, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for MYC and BCL2.

Results

FISH analysis identified DHL in 6% of patients, who showed the expected poor overall survival (OS; P = .002). On the basis of immunohistochemical MYC and BCL2 expression, a double-hit score (DHS) was assigned to all patients with DLBCL. The DHS-2 group, defined by high expression of both MYC and BCL2 protein, comprised 29% of the patients. DHS 2 was significantly associated with lower complete response rate (P = .004), shorter OS (P < .001), and shorter progression-free survival (PFS; P < .001). The highly significant correlation with OS and PFS was maintained in multivariate models that controlled for the International Prognostic Index and the cell-of-origin subtype (OS, P < .001; PFS, P < .001). DHS was validated in an independent cohort of 116 patients who were treated with R-CHOP.

Conclusion

The immunohistochemical DHS defined a large subset of DLBCLs with double-hit biology and was strongly associated with poor outcome in patients treated with R-CHOP.
The Theory That Lives on — A Counterintuitive History
Authors: Tedesco Francescomaria
Published: June 2012

In the interview that follows, Timothy Brennan argues that intellectual history is a dimension missing from most cultural theory. He suggests that this weakens theory, since intellectual history is not simply the frame for arguments but part of the substance of statements. He sees himself as giving voice to a sizable, if often silent, community of critics who find themselves doing critical/philosophical work but whose account of the past clashes with the official story of the emergence of “theory.” Unlike the Norton Anthology, which considers post-structuralist concepts like the “discursive regime,” the “body-without-organs,” or the “Real” to be the work of mostly French intellectuals of the Left, Brennan suggests that many of these ideas are variants of concepts from the interwar German philosophical Right. Testing the thesis that the history of these concepts casts them in a more doubtful light, Brennan looks at various theoretical moments of the immediate past: for example, the “subaltern,” the “multitude,” and the post-human. He observes along the way that the humanities themselves, paradoxically, have become the institution devoted to showing the absurdity of human beings. And, more to the point, he suggests the historical reasons for this self-defeating gesture. With his interlocutor, Francescomaria Tedesco, he tries to explain why there is so little intellectual debate over these issues — and why debate itself has been targeted. How, he asks, has radical political desire become postpolitical, and what is theory doing to agency by embracing ambiguity as a principle, or holding up indecisionism as a critical act?
A Highly Charged Pronoun: “We” In Three September 11 Poems
Authors: Veselá Pavla
Published: June 2012

In the aftermath of September 11, 2001, the US establishment strove to reaffirm a vision of a unified American nation. The dominant rhetoric employed strategies typical of community building, such as delineating boundaries and focusing around symbols. However, Robert Pinsky’s “Newspaper,” Joy Harjo’s “When the World as We Knew It Ended—,” and Reginald Shepherd’s “Objects in Mirror Are Closer than They Appear” illustrate how some poets after 9/11 envisioned community as tense, contradictory, and fragmented. The article discusses those three poems and their relationship to the corpus of poetry associated with 9/11 at large.
The developmental dismantling of pluripotency is reversed by ectopic Oct4 expression
Authors: Osorno Rodrigo , Tsakiridis Anestis , Wong Frederick , Cambray Noemí , Economou Constantinos , Wilkie Ronald , Blin Guillaume , Scotting Paul J. , Chambers Ian , Wilson Valerie
Published: June 2012

The transcription factors Nanog and Oct4 regulate pluripotency in the pre-implantation epiblast and in derivative embryonic stem cells. During post-implantation development, the precise timing and mechanism of the loss of pluripotency is unknown. Here, we show that in the mouse, pluripotency is extinguished at the onset of somitogenesis, coincident with reduced expression and chromatin accessibility of Oct4 and Nanog regulatory regions. Prior to somitogenesis expression of both Nanog and Oct4 is regionalized. We show that pluripotency tracks the in vivo level of Oct4 and not Nanog by assessing the ability to reactivate or maintain Nanog expression in cell culture. Enforced Oct4 expression in somitogenesis-stage tissue provokes rapid reopening of Oct4 and Nanog chromatin, Nanog re-expression and resuscitates moribund pluripotency. Our data suggest that decreasing Oct4 expression is converted to a sudden drop in competence to maintain pluripotency gene regulatory network activity that is subsequently stabilized by epigenetic locks.
Development of Porosity and Copper(II) Ion Adsorption Capacity by Activated Nano-Carbon Xerogels in Relation to Treatment Schemes
Authors: Girgis Badie S. , Alaya Mohamed N. , El-Sherif Iman Y. , Attia Amina A. , Fathy Nady A.
Published: June 2012

In this study, activated nano-carbon xerogels were obtained by different activation schemes of a resorcinol–formaldehyde xerogel (RFX) with a resorcinol/catalyst (R/C) ratio of 50. For the precursor (RFX), activation was carried out under physical (steam) and chemical (H3PO4, KOH or NaOH) treatment in a one-stage process. Carbon xerogels were derived by simple pyrolysis at 500 °C or 700 °C for comparative purposes. The samples were characterized by different techniques including CHO elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption studies at 77 K, with the data obtained in the latter case being analyzed using the BET equation and the αS-method, as well as the fractal dimension approach. The porosities of the obtained carbons were considerably enhanced by chemical activation (mostly within the micropore range), while steam activation promoted the porosities to a lesser extent. Single-bottle removal of copper(II) ions was found to be appreciable in the case of the carbon xerogels (Qads = 32–52 mg/g) and excellent with the activated carbon xerogels (Qads = 76–198 mg/g). Application of the pseudo-second-order relationship gave the best fit to the kinetic uptake curves for selected samples. Activated carbon xerogels proved to be potential cation-exchange carbons whose performance appeared to be governed by the total surface area, slurry pH and the abundance of oxygen functional groups per unit surface area of the sorbent.
Wide Frequency Band Numerical Approaches for Multiple Scattering Problems by Disks
Authors: Antoine Xavier , Ramdani Karim , Thierry Bertrand
Published: June 2012

Efficient, robust and accurate algorithms are proposed for solving the multiple scattering problem by M circular obstacles for the whole spectrum of frequency. The representation of the solution is based on an integral equation formulation next solved by using Fourier basis. Numerical examples are provided to show that the approaches are efficient.
MapReduce-Based Parallel Algorithms for Multidimensionnal Data Analysis
Authors: Pan Jie , Magoulès Frédéric , Biannic Yann Le
Published: June 2012

MapReduce has excellent scalability and fault-tolerance mechanism. It fits well with the cheap commodity hardware. Today, using MapReduce to answer data analytical query is an attractive topic. In this work, we introduce Multiple Group-by query processing. Our processing of this query is based on MapReduce model, a new parallel computing model coming from Cloud Computing. A pre-processing phase is performed for fitting MapReduce's data accessing and improving data accessibility. We give different MapReduce job definitions in order to process data set partitioned in different partitioning methods. We evaluate our query's processing on top of a cluster of Grid'5000. We also address performance issues since they are very important in software industry to integrate a new technology. We analyze the measured results and discover several factors which impact the response time. At the end of this work, we propose a new data structure which allows more flexible job-scheduling.
Clostridium difficile–Associated Diarrhea at a Community Hospital: Ten-Year Analysis of Infection Rates and the Relationship with Proton Pump Inhibitor Use
Authors: Fashner Julia , Ribble Lisa , Garcia Marin
Published: June 2012

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the incidence of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea (CDAD) at a community hospital.

Methods

The number of inpatient admissions, inpatient cases of CDAD, and PPI and antimicrobial doses were collected for each year from 2000 to 2009. Correlations between incidence of CDAD and doses of PPI and antimicrobials were calculated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis.

Results

The incidence of CDAD correlated with the number of doses of PPI per admission (ρ = 0.891, P < .001) and with the number of doses of antimicrobials per admission (ρ = 0.806, .005 > P > .001). The correlation of CDAD incidence with high-risk and low-risk antimicrobials was significant for both groups (ρ = 0.624, .05 > P > .025, and ρ = 0.881, P < .001, respectively). The correlation of oral and intravenous PPI dosing and CDAD incidence was significant for both (ρ=0.903, P < .001, and ρ=0.806, .005 > P > .001, respectively). Multiple regression analysis with both antimicrobials and PPIs as predictors of CDAD was statistically significant ( R2 = 0.75, P = .0082).

Conclusion

The incidence of CDAD is correlated with PPI use. Antimicrobials are a well-established risk factor for CDAD, and our study reinforces this. Prescribers should consider limiting risk of CDAD by the judicious use of PPIs.
Traditional Leadership Development in Nontraditional Environments
Authors: Mark Scott M. , Weber Robert J.
Published: June 2012

The Director's Forum is designed to guide pharmacy leaders in establishing patient-centered services in hospitals and health systems. Developing an effective pipeline of leadership is essential for the future of the profession of pharmacy. Historically, considerable attention has been placed upon succession planning in the hospital pharmacy environment. The profession, however, not only needs succession planning in other practices areas, but also formal, structured training programs. The future of the profession will be dependent upon strong leadership in all areas. The intent of this article is to outline how a traditional pharmacy leadership training program can be integrated into a nontraditional environment to achieve similar product outcomes.
Chiral 2,6-bis(5',5'-diphenyloxazoline)pyridine as an efficient ligand for asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Singh Pradeep K. , Singh Vinod K.
Published: June 2012

A modified tridentate pyridine bisoxazoline (pybox) ligand, possessing gem-diphenyl substitution at C-5 of the oxazoline rings, has been proved to be a very efficient ligand for enantioselective allylic oxidation, one-pot three-component synthesis of propargy-amines, and Friedel–Crafts alkylation of various aromatic compounds. We have shown that a 5',5'-diphenyl grouping in the oxazoline rings of chiral ligands is crucial for higher reaction rates as well as enhanced enantioselectivity.
Turning community stories into community art
Authors: Hannigan Shelley Margaret
Published: June 2012

There is a growing interest in community art, yet few resources are available for art teachers to develop curriculum material in this area, and there are few opportunities for students to engage in community arts-based learning. This article reports on an innovative community art project
that engaged narrative, and sculptural form, as a way of learning about community, Place and identity. The project is explained from the perspective of an art educator, researcher and artist who was employed in the project both as community artist and as facilitator. This 'insider's perspective'
aims to afford some context to relevant theories through which such projects can be understood as potentially beneficial to art education – particularly in the way people have used narrative to communicate issues of Place, and the ways in which artists have translated community narratives
into sculptural form. The author's insider perspective is a lens into how community arts could offer students an opportunity to learn about contemporary art whilst at the same time learning about ways of engaging in community.
REVIEWS
Authors: Buckley Brad , Flood Adele , Tan Su-Lynn
Published: June 2012

THE PLEASURE OF RESEARCH, HENK SLAGER (2012) Helsinki: Finnish Academy of Fine Arts, Helsinki, 88 pp., ISBN: 978-951-53-3397-1, p/bk

THINK INSIDE THE SKETCH BOOK, GILLIAN ROBINSON, DAVID HULSTON AND ALISON MOUNTAIN (2011) London: Harper Collins Publishers Limited, 93 pp., ISBN: 978-0-00-743479-4,
p/bk, £25.00

EXTRAORDINARY SKETCHBOOKS, JANE STOBART (2011) London: A & C Black, Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, 144 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4081-3442-9, p/bk, £16.99
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Larson Jared D. , García-Guirao Pedro
Published: June 2012

Spain Transformed: The Late Franco Dictatorship, 1959–75,Nigel Townson(ed.) (2010) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, v–xi, 1–265 pp., ISBN 978-0-230-00455-9 (hbk), 978-0-230-24888-5 (pbk), 55.00/18.99

We, the Anarchists! A Study of Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI)
1927–1937, StuartChristie (2008) Edinburgh and Oakland, CA: AK Press, viii + 235 pp., ISBN 978-1-90485-975-8 (pbk), 9.95
REVIEWS
Authors: Collier David , Honing Henkjan , Oliver Rowan
Published: June 2012

AN INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC TECHNOLOGY, DAN HOSKEN (2010) New York: Routledge, 400 pp., ISBN: 978-0-415-99729-4, p/bk, £25.99

THE MUSIC INSTINCT: HOW MUSIC WORKS AND WHY WE CAN'T DO WITHOUT IT, PHILIPBALL (2011) London: Vintage, 452 pp., ISBN: 978-0-099-53544-7, p/bk, £9.99

IF
MUSIC ISNT A LUXURY, WHAT IS IT?

SONIC BODIES: REGGAE SOUND SYSTEMS, PERFORMANCE TECHNIQUES AND WAYS OF KNOWING, JULIAN HENRIQUES (2011) New York: Continuum International, 352 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4411-4429-4, p/bk, £17.99
If a tree falls in an empty forest : Problematization of liveness in mixed-music performance
Authors: McLaughlin Scott
Published: June 2012

Mixed-music is an interesting site for testing concepts and limitations of direct causality in liveness. The nature of liveness in mixed-music is examined here with respect to practical issues of acoustic blending, and practical issues of what is live in mixed-music. The aesthetics
of experimental music are explored as valorizing a different model of performance authenticity that is less reliant on direct instrumental causality. Three case studies are presented of my own works that deliberately undermine the causality model of liveness.
Influence of the viscosity of UF resins on the radial and tangential penetration into poplar wood and on the shear strength of adhesive joints
Authors: Gavrilovic-Grmusa Ivana , Dunky Manfred , Miljkovic Jovan , Djiporovic-Momcilovic Milanka
Published: June 2012

This paper is the final part of a series reporting on the penetration (P) and bonding behaviour of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins of different viscosities based on different degrees of condensation (DCs). The various resins were applied onto radial and tangential wood surfaces, and solid wood assemblies were prepared by hot pressing. Pt and Pr were observed by evaluation of photomicrographs of the bond lines. The mean and maximum depth of penetration was inversely proportional to the DC. The average depth of Pt was found to be slightly higher than Pr because of the abundance of pits on the radial walls. However, the maximum P was higher in radial direction, due to the elliptic shape of vessels in poplar as well as due to rays improving the resin flow. The lap shear strength (σm) of the same bonded assemblies was determined. Despite the fact that the wood failure always was very high, the σm increased with the better penetration of the resins with low viscosity. The higher strength values measured has been interpreted as a fortification effect of the interphase by bulk resin penetration, as cell wall penetration cannot be expected due to the large size of such resin molecules.
Die Selbstanzeige gemäß § 371 AO – aktuelle Änderung durch das
Schwarzgeldbekämpfungsgesetz
Authors: Gehm Matthias H.
Published: June 2012

Bedingt durch die Welle von Selbstanzeigen, welche zu Beginn
des Jahres 2010 durch den Ankauf einer Daten-CD mit Informationen über Kapitalanleger in der Schweiz ausgelöst wurde, entbrannte die öffentliche Diskussion um die strafbefreiende
Selbstanzeige gemäß § 371 AO. Diese Diskussion
erhielt zudem zusätzliche Brisanz, weil mit Beschl. v.
20. 5. 2010 – 1 StR 577/09 – der BGH die Anforderungen
an die Selbstanzeige verschärfte. Seinen vorläufigen Schlusspunkt erfuhr dieser öffentliche Diskurs im vom Bundestag
am 17. 3. 2011 mit den Stimmen der CDU/CSU- und FDP-Bundestagsfraktion
gegen die Stimmen der SPD und LINKS-Partei und bei Enthaltung von BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN verabschiedeten Schwarzgeldbekämpfungsgesetz. Nachfolgend werden die neueste Rechtslage zur Selbstanzeige und die Hintergründe der aktuellen Novelle dargestellt. Gleichzeitig mag der Beitrag als Paradigma gesetzgeberischen Handelns als Reaktion auf die öffentliche Diskussion und Entwicklung in der Rechtsprechung dienen.
Übungsklausur Anfänger StR Opfer der Faulheit
Authors: Bergmann Marcus , Rensch Ottmar
Published: June 2012

Der folgende Fall wurde als Übungsklausur konzipiert, um
Studierende im Sommersemester 2010 auf die zweistündige
(Zwischenprüfungs-)Abschlussklausur der Vorlesung »Strafrecht
II« des zweiten Semesters vorzubereiten. Schwerpunkte
sind (versuchter) Diebstahl und (versuchte) Unterschlagung
sowie der Versuch in mittelbarer Täterschaft.
Nanostructure designs for effective solar-to-hydrogen conversion
Authors: Shen Shaohua , Mao Samuel S.
Published: June 2012

Conversion of energy from photons in sunlight to hydrogen through solar splitting of water is an important technology. The rising significance of producing hydrogen from solar light via water splitting has motivated a surge of developing semiconductor solar-active nanostructures as photocatalysts and photoelectrodes. Traditional strategies have been developed to enhance solar light absorption (e.g., ion doping, solid solution, narrow-band-gap semiconductor or dye sensitization) and improve charge separation/transport to prompt surface reaction kinetics (e.g., semiconductor combination, co-catalyst loading, nanostructure design) for better utilizing solar energy. However, the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency is still limited. This article provides an overview of recently demonstrated novel concepts of nanostructure designs for efficient solar hydrogen conversion, which include surface engineering, novel nanostructured heterojunctions, and photonic crystals. Those first results outlined in the main text encouragingly point out the prominence and promise of these new concepts principled for designing high-efficiency electronic and photonic nanostructures that could serve for sustainable solar hydrogen production.
Optische Geschwindigkeitsmessungen an Luft-haltenden Deckflügeln des Notonecta glauca
Authors: Melskotte Jan-Erik , Brede Martin , Leder Alfred , Mayser Matthias , Barthlott Wilhelm
Published: June 2012

Mit den superhydrophoben, Luft haltenden Deckflügeln des Rückenschwimmers Notonecta glaucazeigt die Natur, wie die Benetzung einer Oberfläche beim Untertauchen in Wasser erfolgreich verhindert werden kann. Die Auswirkung dieser Eigenschaft auf das strömungsmechanische Verhalten werden mittels μ-Particle-Image-Velocimetry Messtechnik untersucht. Durch das Gleiten des Wassers an der Luft-Wasser-Grenzfläche wird in diesen Oberflächen ein Beispiel zur Reibungsreduktion gesehen, das einen Ansatz für den Aufbau technischer Oberflächen darstellt. Zudem zeigt die Struktur des Notonecta glauca-Deckflügels eine beachtliche Lufthaltefähigkeit bei Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten bis 5 m/s.
Erweiterung der Zeitverschiebungstechnik auf Blasenmessungen an Kavitationskanälen
Authors: Höhne Stephan , Kretschmer Arno , Kröger Willfried , Borchert Stefan , Damaschke Nils
Published: June 2012

Der Beitrag behandelt die Adaption des Zeitverschiebungsverfahrens (ZVV) zur Charakterisierung von Blasen. In bisherigen Experimenten wurde das ZVV an Wassertropfen im Vergleich zur Phasen-Doppler-Technik validiert. Vorgestellt wird die Generierung des Zeitverschiebungssignals für Blasen anhand von Simulationen, bei der Größenbestimmung von Einzelblasen in einer Laborblasensäule sowie erste Messungen von Blasen in einem Kavitationskanal.
Abnormalities of Vascular Structure and Function in Children With Perthes Disease
Authors: Perry Daniel C. , Green Daniel J. , Bruce Colin E. , Pope Daniel , Dangerfield Peter , Platt Mary Jane , Hall Andrew J. , Jones Helen
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Perthes disease is a childhood precipitant to osteoarthritis of the hip, for which the etiology and mechanism are unknown. There is mounting evidence to suggest a vascular insult is responsible for disease, and it is suggested that this may have long-term implications for the vascular health of affected individuals. This study sought to use ultrasound measures to investigate vascular structure and function in children affected by Perthes disease.

METHODS:

This case control study encompassed 149 cases and 146 controls, frequency matched for age and gender. Endothelial function was measured by using the technique of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, and alterations in arterial flow were recorded in response to an ischemic stimulus.

RESULTS:

There was a significant structural alteration in the vasculature among individuals with Perthes disease (resting brachial artery diameter (cases 2.97 mm versus controls 3.11 mm; P = .01), which remained even after adjusting for height. In addition, there was a notable reduction in blood velocity (cases 33.84 cm/s versus controls 37.83 cm/s; P = .01) and blood flow (cases 149.82 mL/min versus controls 184.67 mL/min; P = .001), which was independent of baseline arterial size. There was no evidence to suggest that flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery was impaired among affected individuals (P = .71).

CONCLUSIONS:

Children with Perthes disease exhibit small artery caliber and reduced function, which is independent of body composition. These data imply that that Perthes disease may reflect a wider vascular phenomenon that could have long-term implications for the vascular health of affected individuals.
Self-Reported Adolescent Health Status of Extremely Low Birth Weight Children Born 1992–1995
Authors: Hack Maureen , Schluchter Mark , Forrest Christopher B. , Taylor H. Gerry , Drotar Dennis , Holmbeck Grayson , Youngstrom Eric , Margevicius Seunghee , Andreias Laura
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVES:

To compare the self-reported health of extremely low birth weight (ELBW, <1 kg) adolescents with that of normal birth weight (NBW) controls and the children’s assessments of their general health at ages 8 versus 14 years.

METHODS:

One hundred sixty-eight ELBW children and 115 NBW controls of similar gender and sociodemographic status completed the Child Health and Illness Profile–Adolescent Edition at age 14 years. It includes 6 domains: Satisfaction, Comfort, Resilience, Risk Avoidance, Achievement, and Disorders. At age 8 years, the children had completed the Child Health and Illness Profile–Child Edition. Results were compared between ELBW and NBW subjects adjusting for gender and sociodemographic status.

RESULTS:

ELBW adolescents rated their health similar to that of NBW adolescents in the domains of Satisfaction, Comfort, Resilience, Achievement and Disorders but reported more Risk Avoidance (effect size [ES] 0.6, P < .001). In the subdomain of Resilience, they also noted less physical activity (ES −0.58, P < .001), and in the subdomain of Disorders, more long-term surgical (ES −0.49) and psychosocial disorders (ES −0.49; both P < .01). Both ELBW and NBW children reported a decrease in general health between ages 8 and 14 years, which did not differ significantly between groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

ELBW adolescents report similar health and well-being compared with NBW controls but greater risk avoidance. Both ELBW and NBW children rate their general health to be poorer at age 14 than at age 8 years, possibly due to age-related developmental changes.
Dynamic Evolution of Practice Guidelines: Analysis of Deviations From Assessment and Management Plans
Authors: Farias Michael , Friedman Kevin G. , Powell Andrew J. , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Marshall Audrey C. , Brown David W. , Kulik Thomas J.
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:

A Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan (SCAMP) standardizes the care of patients with a predefined diagnosis while actively inviting and collecting data on clinician deviations (DEVs) from its recommendations. For 3 different pediatric cardiac diagnoses managed by SCAMPs, we determined the frequency of, types of, and reasons for DEVs, which are considered to be a valuable source of information and innovation.

METHODS:

DEVs were collected as part of SCAMP implementation. DEVs were reviewed by the SCAMP committee chairperson and by a separate protocol deviation committee; they were characterized as either justifiable (J), possibly justifiable (PJ), or not justifiable (NJ).

RESULTS:

We analyzed 415 patients, 484 clinic encounters, and 216 DEVs. Eighty-six (39.8%) of the DEVs were J, 21 (9.7%) were PJ, and 109 (50.4%) were NJ. The percentage of NJ DEVs relative to the number of opportunities for DEV was 4.1%. J and PJ DEVs were mostly due to management of unrelated conditions (11% overall) or special circumstances (22% overall). NJ DEVs primarily involved follow-up intervals (66%) and deleted tests (24%). The reason for deviating from SCAMP recommendations was not given for 31% of DEVs, even though such information was requested.

CONCLUSIONS:

The overall low rate of NJ DEV suggests that practitioners generally accept SCAMP recommendations, but improved capture of practitioners' reasons for deviating from those recommendations is needed. This analysis revealed multiple opportunities for improving patient care, suggesting that this process can be useful in both promulgating sound practice and evolving improved approaches to patient management.
Erdők hatása a talaj és altalaj sóforgalmára, valamint a talajvíz szintjére
Authors: Szabó András , Kiss Klaudia , Gribovszki Zoltán , Tóth Tibor
Published: June 2012

Magyarországon az erdőterületek jelentős növekedésére lehet számítani a jövőben. A 2009-es Nemzeti Erdőstratégia által erdősítésre ajánlott területek azok, melyeken az egyéb mezőgazdasági tevékenység nem jövedelmező, e területek pedig átfedést mutatnak azon területekkel, melyek alatt sekély, sós talajvizek találhatóak. Célunk az erdősí-tett területeken végbemenő, a talajvíz mélységére és a sófelhalmozódásra ható folyamatok és tényezők áttekintése, valamint egy hipotézis felvázolása a nemzetközi szakirodalomra támaszkodva. Hipotézisünk szerint a növényzet egyértelműen képes befolyásolni az adott terület sóforgalmát, ugyanakkor az erdő hatása erősen függ az adott terület egyéb (klimatológiai, hidrogeológiai, pedológiai, biológiai) tényezőitől. A telepített erdők alatti talajban lezajló víz- és sómozgás folyamatait sokan, sokféle szempont figyelembevételével vizsgálták, ezek az eredmények alátámasztották az általunk felvázolt hipotézist. Ismert, hogy a fásított területeken jelentős mértékben megváltozik a talajok vízforgalma. Ennek a változásnak hosszútávú hatását azonban a klíma–növényzet–talaj rendszer minden fontosabb eleme együttesen befolyásolja. Bár a szakirodalom jól lefedi az egyes részfolyamatokat, és mélyrehatóan elemzi az egyes tényezők kapcsolatát, nincs olyan vizsgálat, mely az összes fontos tényezőt vizsgálva komplex módon tárgyalná a kérdést. Elmondható tehát, hogy a telepített erdők sófelhalmozódást és talajvízszint-csökkentést okozó szerepe világszerte további vizsgálatokat igényel. Hazánk esetében ez fokozottan igaz, hisz bár a témakörben megjelent publikációk rávilágítanak általánosan elfogadott összefüggésekre, a vizsgált faj(ok), illetve az eltérő klíma miatt, ezek nem szolgálnak közvetlenül hasznosítható eredményekkel számunkra. Tekintettel a bevezetőben leírt, a hazai földhasználatban megfigyelhető változásokra, mindenképpen szükséges, hogy a témakörben átfogó kutatások induljanak Magyarországon, annak érdekében, hogy a jövőben elkerülhetőek legyenek a közleményünkben bemutatott folyamatok kellő ismeretének hiányából fakadó esetleges természeti és gazdasági károk.
Relationship between water erosion, potential erosion and land use on an area in the Mezőföld region
Authors: Szatmári Gábor , Barta Károly
Published: June 2012

Munkánkban egy mezőföldi, döntően szántóföldi hasznosítású területen vizsgáltuk a vízerózió előfordulását, illetve a területhasznosítás és a potenciális erózióveszély egymáshoz való viszonyát. Az Előszállástól DNy-ra elhelyezkedő területet löszön kialakult mészlepedékes csernozjomok, a szélesebb völgytalpakon réti csernozjomok fedik, de a vízerózió bizonyítékaként a meredek völgyoldalakban földes kopárokat, illetve a lejtők alján lejtőhordalék talajokat találunk.
A terület 1988–1989-es részletes talajtani felvételezésének adatait a Fejér Megyei Növény- és Talajvédelmi Szolgálat bocsátotta rendelkezésünkre. A 117 db pontszerű adatsor és az általunk szerkesztett digitális domborzatmodell segítségével megtörtént a talajtani adatok térbeli kiterjesztése és az erózió modellezéséhez szükséges raszteres térképállományok (agyagtartalom-, lejtőszög- és humusztérkép) előállítása. A területhasznosítási térképet 2005-ös légifényképek és 30 méteres felbontású Landsat TM műholdképek alapján készítettük el.
Az átlagos éves talajveszteség meghatározásához az Egyetemes Talajveszteségi Egyenletet (USLE) használtuk. Az USLE alkalmazásában a legnagyobb bizonytalanságot jelentő K-faktor általunk kapott értékeinek realitását más szerzők (CENTERI, 2002) hasonló hazai területeken számolt értékeivel való statisztikai öszszehasonlításával ellenőriztük. A területre jellemző tényleges erózió mellett meghatároztuk a domborzati és talajtani adottságok által differenciált erózióveszélyeztetettséget is, amely gyakorlatilag a fekete ugaron tartott, szintvonalra merőleges művelés esetén bekövetkező eróziós rátát adja meg. A kapott eróziós értékek alapján három eróziós kategóriát különítettünk el, melyek között a határt 2 t·ha-1·év-1-nél, illetve 11 t·ha-1·év-1-nél húztuk meg. Az előbbi a hazai becslések szerinti szántóföldi művelés alatti, míg az utóbbi az USA talajvédelmi szakemberei szerinti optimális körülmények közötti éves talajképződési ütem.
Munkánk gerincét az erózió-veszélyeztetettség és a tényleges talajeróziós mérték összehasonlítása jelentette. Megállapíthatjuk, hogy a mintaterületen a területhasznosítás jól igazodik a potenciális erózió-veszélyeztetettséghez, és a legjobban veszélyeztetett területeket erdők, cserjések vagy rétek borítják, melyek megfelelő védelmet nyújtanak a talajerózió ellen. Ugyanakkor a szántóföldeken – bár jelentős különbség mutatkozik a potenciális és a tényleges erózió között – még mindig 30% felett van a talajképződés ütemét meghaladó erózióval jellemezhető területek aránya. Ezekből a 11 t·ha-1·év-1-nél nagyobb talajveszteséggel rendelkező szántóföldek aránya csak 4%-ot tesz ki a szántókon belül. Ezek jobbára a völgyperemek „túlszántásából” adódnak.
Bár a terület összességét tekintve a területhasznosítás alkalmazkodik az erózióveszélyeztetettséghez, sajnos feltételezhetjük, hogy ez inkább a vonalas erózió által kikényszerített felhagyás, mintsem USLE-alapú tudatos gazdálkodói döntés eredménye.
Calibration of methods for soil and diagnostic plant analysis in the Hungarian National Fertilization Long-term Trials. II. Tests in the soils of long-term experiments to compare the P test methods used for environment protection purposes
Authors: Csathó Péter , Magyar Marianna , Osztoics Erzsébet , Debreczeni Katalin , Sárdi Katalin
Published: June 2012

Az AB 17 Országos Műtrágyázási Tartamkísérletek (OMTK) 27. évében a 0– 50–100–150 kg P2O5·ha-1 szinteken vett talajmintákon környezetvédelmi célú talaj P-vizsgálatokat végeztünk.
Vizsgálataink során a világon elterjedt környezetvédelmi célú talajvizsgálati módszereket alkalmaztuk: vas-oxi-hidroxiddal impregnált szűrőpapír (Fe-oxidos papír, vagy Pi-papír), valamint anioncserélő gyantával impregnált membrán (AERM).
P-trágyázás hatására a Pi-P mintegy 3,5-szörös, az AERM-P mintegy 4-szeres növekedést mutatott. Kísérleti eredményeink alapján úgy tűnik, hogy az ún. Pelnyelő közeget (P „sink”) használó P-vizsgálati módszerek (AERM-, Pi-) mind az agronómiai, mind a környezetvédelmi szempontú P-vizsgálatokban jól használhatóak. Előnyük, hogy a talaj kémhatás- és mészállapotától kevésbé függenek. Ugyanakkor az AERM-P és a Pi-P értékeket a diagnosztikai célú P növényvizsgálati eredményekkel is szükséges összehasonlítani agronómiai célokra való felhasználható volta tesztelése céljából.
A P-tartamtrágyázás hatására a kísérleti helyek átlagában mintegy 20%-kal csökkent a P-szorpciós index (PSI), jelezve a P-szorpciós helyek növekvő Ptelítettségét. A savanyú talajokon beállított OMTK kísérletek növekvő P-szintjein az oxalátos módszerrel meghatározott P-elítettségi index (PSD%) a kísérleti helyek átlagában mintegy 50%-os növekedést mutatott. Bicsérden a P1-, P2- és P3-szinten, Karcagon a P2- és P3-szinten kaptunk 25% feletti PSD értékeket. A kritikus értéket (a 25%-os P-telítettséget) ugyanakkor erősen megközelítette a P3-szinten Hajdúböszörmény, Kompolt és Putnok PSD%-a.
A Mehlich-3 kivonószerrel meghatározott PSD% értékek a kísérleti helyek átlagában több mint 3,5-szörös növekedést mutattak a legnagyobb P-szinten. Ezzel a módszerrel ugyanakkor átlagosan kevesebb, mint fele akkora volt az PSD%, mint az oxalátos kivonószer használata mellett. Mindenképpen további vizsgálatok szükségesek a környezetvédelmi P-vizsgálati módszerek hazai adaptációjára.
Vizsgálataink megerősítették az AL-módszer mésztartalom-függőségét: a Mehlich3-, ill. az anioncserélő gyantás (AERM) módszerrel való összefüggésben a savanyú és a karbonátos talajok csoportja erőteljesen elkülönült egymástól. Az ALP korrekció elvégzése, azaz az AL-P értékeknek egy standard talajtulajdonság-sorra való konvertálása (KA: 36; pHKCl: 6.8; CaCO3: 0,1%) látványosan megszüntette az AL-módszernek a talaj CaCO3-tartalmától való függőségét: a korábban erősen elkülönülő savanyú és karbonátos talajok csoportja az AL-P korrekció elvégzése után egy közös csoportban volt megtalálható.
A környezetvédelmi célú P-vizsgálatok hasznos információval szolgálhatnak talajaink P-állapota környezeti kockázatának mértékéről.
Flexor tendon surgery: Advances in the field of hand surgery
Authors: Bíró Vilmos
Published: June 2012

Reconstruction of the flexor tendon injuries is one of the most difficult problems in hand surgery, because the postoperative end-results are often unfavorable. The author discusses the history of the flexor tendon surgery, and then he describes the development of the knowledge regarding the anatomy, the blood supply and the tendon healing of the flexor tendons from the beginning until now. After that he describes the development in suture materials, suture techniques, primary and secondary tendon reconstruction operations, postoperative treatment and rehabilitation programmes. The author describes what kind of progress to be expected in this field in the near future, and then he expresses his viewpoint about the development in the international and national hand surgical societies. He encloses a detailed list of literature for those who are interested in the field. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 811–820.
Sociology of health, social ecology and media democracy
Authors: Julesz Máté
Published: June 2012

The correlation of the sociology of health, social ecology and media democracy is demonstrated in the study. In societies of today, the role of the media is unquestionable in divulging information relating to health and environment. According to Paragraph (1) of Article XXI of the Hungarian Constitution of 2011, everyone has the right to healthy environment. An environmentalist media democracy may forward environmental justice, environmental education, and environmentalist economy, etc. All these are required in order to establish a society where the healthy environment is an objective value. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 821–823.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection performed in livE pig models and in humans with large, laterally spreading gastric and colorectal adenomas – Assessment of the initial learning curves, success rate and complications
Authors: Balogh jr. Gábor , Dubravcsik Zsolt , Szepes Attila , Madácsy László
Published: June 2012

Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a promising new endoscopic technique for en block resection of early, superficial, flat, and laterally spreading gastrointestinal neoplasms. The primary aims of this prospective study were to summarize the first Hungarian experience with endoscopic submucosal dissection, and to compare the experimental in vivo procedures in pigs with the human application of this technique in two academic centers. Methods: The ex vivo Erlangen pig model was used until initial competence was achieved. Thereafter 15 endoscopic submucosal dissection procedures were performed in up to 5 sessions in living pigs under general anesthesia. After submucosal injection with saline Fujinone ball tip, a Flush knife was used with a transparent hood for circumferential incision and submucosal dissection. The following variables were analyzed: specimen size, complete and en bloc resection rate, total duration of the procedure, and complications. Furthermore, between 2009 and 2012, 14 endoscopic submucosal dissections were carried out in humans; 1 duodenal, 3 gastric and 10 colorectal interventions were performed due to large laterally spreading intramucosal neoplasms. The specimen size, en bloc resection rate, total duration of the procedure and complications were next analyzed. Results: 87% complete resection rate, 29.4±19.5 cm2 specimen size and 136.2±26.8 min of procedure duration were achieved in the live pig models. Nontransmural damages of the muscular layer occurred in 3/15 (20%) cases which were successfully closed with hemoclips, except in one pig that died due to fatal esophageal perforation. All bleedings were easily managed with hot biopsy forceps coagulation and hemoclips without hemodynamic instability. In humans, endoscopic submucosal dissection was accomplished with an 11/14 (79%) en block resection rate, with average resected specimen size of 11.56±4.9 cm2 and with 157±55 min of operating time. Two cases of bleeding and 2 cases of perforation occurred (14%), all of which were managed endoscopically. After 1.5 year of average follow up, local recurrence occurred in one case only. In addition, due to the 3 incomplete resections and unsuccessful endoscopic submucosal dissection, surgical intervention was required in 4 cases altogether. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the first Hungarian experience with endoscopic submucosal dissection. Training in live pig models could help endoscopists to overcome the learning curve and minimize the risk of complications before starting the procedure in humans. Reduction in the resection time and low risk of complications, especially bleeding, could be achieved by the application of a flush knife. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 824–833.