bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of red tide in peer-to-peer accommodations: A multi-regional input-output model
Authors: Ferreira João-Pedro , Bijen Saha Bijeta , Carrero Gabriel Cardoso , Kim Jinwon , Court Christa
Published: March 2022

Increases in the incidence or severity of hazard events significantly alter the attractiveness of tourism destinations and tourism inflow. In 2018, a significant red tide event limited access to marine and coastal areas in Florida, heavily impacting the tourist sector. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic impacts of red tides in the state economy through the shock in the Airbnb market. We combined microdata on Airbnb properties and water sample records and estimated that water sample indicating the presence of red tide conditions within a county decreases the average daily rate price of Airbnb rentals by $0.45 and the number of reservation days by 345. This event generated $317 million in sales revenue losses and resulted in the loss of nearly 2900 job-years throughout Florida. Knowledge of such consequences is essential to inform decision-making processes for policy makers and tourism management professionals.
Pandemic rhythms: Adults’ gaming in Finland during the spring 2020 COVID-19 restrictions
Authors: Meriläinen Mikko
Published: March 2022

This qualitative study examines how the spring 2020 COVID-19 restriction measures impacted adults’ gaming in Finland. The study draws on a thematic analysis of qualitative data ( N = 201) collected in April 2020, which is explored through the lens of Apperley’s (2010) theory of gaming rhythms. The results illuminate the ways in which gaming was situated in everyday life both during and before the COVID-19 restrictions, and how the pandemic and its associated restrictions disrupted, reinforced, and reconfigured the everyday rhythms of gaming. The situation impacted individuals and families differently, being beneficial to some and detrimental to others, contingent on other aspects of respondents’ lives. The results underline how an individual’s gaming does not happen in isolation, but takes place in the confines of everyday life, shaped by factors outside the individual’s control. Developing Apperley’s theory, the results show that gaming can be a very resilient activity, given the right circumstances.
Measuring with quality: the example of person-centred care
Authors: Cribb Alan , Woodcock Thomas
Published: March 2022

Qualitative data analysis should be embedded in routine health service measurement, management and organizational practices. The rigorous use of such analyses should become an institutional norm, comparable to the routine use of quantitative data. Our case is intended to have general relevance, but we develop it by reference to person-centred care and patient-centred outcome measures (PCOMs). The increased use of qualitative data analysis of individualized PCOMs is a crucial complementary counterweight to steps towards the standardization of PCOMs. More broadly, our argument is that health care organizations cannot make confident judgements about whether they are offering appropriate care without collecting qualitative data on what matters to individual patients. Introducing properly supported and conducted qualitative data analyses is important in its own right, and also helps underpin the validity and usefulness of quantitative measurement.
Guidelines for Filming Digital Camera Video Clips for the Assessment of Gait and Movement Disorders by Teleneurology
Authors: Schoffer Kerrie L , Patterson Victor , Read Stephen J , Henderson Robert D , Pandian Jeyaraj D , O'Sullivan John D
Published: March 2022

Digital still cameras capable of filming short video clips are readily available, but the quality of these recordings for telemedicine has not been reported. We performed a blinded study using four commonly available digital cameras. A simulated patient with a hemiplegic gait pattern was filmed by the same videographer in an identical, brightly lit indoor setting. Six neurologists viewed the blinded video clips on their PC and comparisons were made between cameras, between video clips recorded with and without a tripod, and between video clips filmed on high- or low-quality settings. Use of a tripod had a smaller effect than expected, while images taken on a high-quality setting were strongly preferred to those taken on a low-quality setting. Although there was some variability in video quality between selected cameras, all were of sufficient quality to identify physical signs such as gait and tremor. Adequate-quality video clips of movement disorders can be produced with low-cost cameras and transmitted by email for teleneurology purposes.
Impact of habitual sedentary patterns on popliteal artery endothelial-dependent vasodilation in healthy adults
Authors: Shivgulam Madeline E , O’Brien Myles W , Johns Jarrett A , Petterson Jennifer L , Wu Yanlin , Frayne Ryan J , Kimmerly Derek S
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Acute, laboratory-based bouts of prolonged sitting attenuate lower-limb arterial endothelial-dependent vasodilation. However, the impact of habitual sedentary patterns on popliteal artery endothelial health is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that greater habitual total sedentary time, more time spent in prolonged sedentary bouts, and fewer sedentary breaks would be associated with worse popliteal flow-mediated dilation (FMD) responses.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study used 98 healthy participants (19–77 years, 53 females) that wore an activPAL monitor on the thigh for 6.4 ± 0.8 days to objectively measure sedentary activity and completed a popliteal ultrasound assessment to determine FMD. Both relative (%baseline diameter) and absolute (mm) FMD were calculated. Using bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses, we examined if there were relationships between sedentary outcomes and FMD while statistically controlling for any potential confounders.

Results:

In the multiple regression model, age ( p = 0.006, β = −0.030, 95% CI = −0.051, −0.009) and total time in sedentary bouts > 1 hour ( p = 0.031, β = −0.005, 95% CI = −0.009, −0.001) were independent predictors of relative FMD. Age (β = −0.002, 95% CI = −0.003, −0.001), mean blood flow (β = 0.013, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.024), moderate-intensity physical activity (β = 155.9E−5, 95% CI = 22.4E−5, 289.4E−5), sedentary breaks (β = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.007, 0.066), and total time spent in sedentary bouts > 1 hour (β = −25.02E−5, 95% CI = −47.67E−5, −2.378E−5) were predictors of absolute FMD (all, p < 0.047). All independent outcomes remained significant after partially controlling for all other predictor variables (all, p < 0.031).

Conclusions:

Habitual prolonged sedentary bouts and sedentary breaks, but not total sedentary time, were predictors of popliteal endothelial-dependent vasodilatory function. The patterns by which sedentary time is accumulated may be more important than the total sedentary time on lower-limb arterial health.
Rationale and methods of the ‘Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey’ and initial findings from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Authors: Bunting Lisa , McCartan Claire , Davidson Gavin , Grant Anne , Mulholland Ciaran , Schubotz Dirk , McBride Orla , Murphy Jamie , Shevlin Mark
Published: March 2022

Backgrounds and Aims: The Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey (NIYWS) was commissioned by the Health and Social Care Board (NI) with the aim of providing reliable prevalence estimates of the mental health problems of children and young people aged 2–19 years. Method: The NIYWS used a random probability design, stratified by deprivation decile and county, to ensure even geographical distribution and representation. The survey used a broad range of validated measures to identify children and young people who met established clinical criteria for common mood, anxiety and behaviour disorders, trauma related disorders, as well as those at risk of autism spectrum disorder, eating disorders, future psychotic illness, self-injury or suicide. Results: Data were collected on 3074 children and young people aged 2–19 years, as well as over 2800 parents. The survey achieved a high response rate (67%) and initial findings indicated that 11% of the sample were at risk of emotional or behavioural problems. Conclusions: The NIYWS was the first large scale nationally representative survey of the mental health of children and young people in NI. Despite the legacy of political violence the initial findings show comparable levels of emotional and behavioural problems to England.
Journey of remdesivir from the inhibition of hepatitis C virus to the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Cihlar Tomas , Mackman Richard L.
Published: March 2022

If a planned path reaches a dead-end, one can simply stop. Or one can turn around, walk back to the last intersection and take another path, or one can consider taking few paths in parallel. The last scenario is reflective of the journey of remdesivir, the first antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19, that was approved by FDA less than 10 months after the isolation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. As of January 2022, 10 million COVID-19 patients have been treated with remdesivir worldwide, but the journey of this molecule started more than a decade earlier with the search for a cure of hepatitis C virus. The development path of remdesivir before the emergence of COVID-19 represents a valuable example of a preemptive pandemic preparedness, but the pursuit of this path would not have been possible without sustaining support of John C. Martin, whom we will sorely miss for his piercing vision, uncompromising leadership, and genuine compassion for patients suffering around the world.
Use of the L1 and L2 in strategic planning and rehearsal for task performances in an online classroom
Authors: Aubrey Scott , Philpott Andrew
Published: March 2022

This study examined the impact of collaborative pre-task strategic planning followed by rehearsal on the quantity and novelty of content used in task performances when strategic planning is performed in different language conditions in an online classroom. Forty Japanese university students of English as a foreign language (EFL) from two intact online classrooms were separated into pairs and performed second language (L2) problem-solution monologue tasks in two conditions. The first condition involved collaborative strategic planning in the second language (L2SP), which was followed by a task rehearsal; the second condition involved collaborative strategic planning in the first language (L1SP), which was followed by a task rehearsal. Task performances were analysed in terms of idea units generated and, by examining strategic planning transcripts and planning worksheets, were coded for how they were prepared. As a measure of problem-solving creativity, ideas used in task performances were coded in terms of their novelty. Findings revealed a non-significant difference between the number of ideas used in each planning condition. However, performances that followed L1SP and rehearsal contained ideas that were significantly more novel/rare than performances that followed L2SP and rehearsal. The L1SP condition led to more planned and rehearsed ideas used in performances than the L2SP condition, which likely meant learners spent more time refining and formulating language to express L1-generated ideas, leading to more creative solutions to the task problem. A content analysis of post-task questionnaire responses revealed that learners perceived L1SP to be beneficial in terms of conceptualizing ideas while L2SP was perceived to be beneficial in terms of formulating language. Additionally, learners felt that online synchronous communication facilitated collaboration during planning. These findings are discussed in terms of using the L1 as a tool to enhance creativity in L2 tasks and using online tools to enhance collaboration during pre-task planning.
An analysis of Spatio–temporal patterns of fires in an Iranian city
Authors: Mohammadi Alireza , Shahparvari Shahrooz , Kiani Behzad , Noori Sepideh , Chhetri Prem
Published: March 2022

Exploring Spatio–temporal patterns of fire incidents provides important information to help develop strategies to prevent and mitigate fire risk based on geographical knowledge. This study aims to map and analyse the Spatio–temporal patterns of urban fire incidents. Fire incident data were obtained from Ardabil Municipality Fire Department and Emergency Services and analysed using radial shape charts, kernel density estimation and average nearest neighbour to quantify spatial and Spatio–temporal patterns of fires. The results show that the Spatio–temporal fire patterns vary, depending on time, their types and causes. Interestingly, results indicate that fires are most likely to occur on Tuesdays and Thursdays and during summer. The study provides evidence to enhance decision-making on resource allocation in terms of establishing new fire stations and deploying an additional workforce to more vulnerable localities, or to formulate prevention strategies, such as education campaigns, to mitigate fire risk.
Toward a non-individualistic analysis of neoliberalism: the stay-fit maternity trend in Taiwan
Authors: Keyser-Verreault Amélie
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the new sexy maternity phenomenon in Taiwan’s neoliberal context, focusing on analyzing mothers' intense pursuit of getting their bodies back into shape. More specifically, I problematize and nuance the taken-for-granted individualistic analyses of neoliberalism and illustrate how getting the body back into shape involves multiple social actors, a consequence of women’s relational self. Not only does women’s beauty give face to their spouses and honor the family, but consideration of social effects are decisive factors in women’s beautification of their bodies. Thus, I emphasize that the material or immaterial profit of agentic individualism can be collective. In this context, an individual’s entrepreneurial activity should not necessarily be interpreted as an abnegation of the social, since tactful management of social relationships is an indispensable immaterial labor of women’s aesthetic entrepreneurship. I propose the theoretical frame of “reconstruction of the relationality” to better understand the trans-individual relationship under neoliberalism.
Inclusion of people living with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias who lack a study partner in social research: Ethical considerations from a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: de Medeiros Kate , Girling Laura M. , Berlinger Nancy
Published: March 2022

Background

Because use of a study partner (proxy decision-maker) to give informed consent on behalf of someone living with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD) is common in nearly all clinical research, people living with ADRD who lack a study partner are regularly excluded from participation. Social research presents different opportunities and risks than clinical research. We argue that guidelines developed for the latter may be unduly restrictive for social research and, further, that the automatic exclusion of people living with ADRD presents separate ethical challenges by failing to support extant decision-making capacity and by contributing to underrepresentation in research.

Purpose

The study objective was to identify key components related to including cognitively vulnerable participants who lack a study partner in social research.

Research design/Study sample

We conducted an adaptive qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) and subsequent content analysis on 49 articles addressing capacity and research consent for potentially cognitively compromised individuals, to include people living with ADRD, who lack a study partner.

Results

We identified four major topic areas: defining competency, capacity, and consent; aspects of informed consent; strategies to assess comprehension of risks associated with social research; and risks versus benefits.

Conclusions

Based on findings, we suggest new and ethically appropriate ways to determine capacity to consent to social research, make consent processes accessible to a population experiencing cognitive challenges, and consider the risks of excluding a growing population from research that could benefit millions.
A multiple-point monitoring model for concrete dam displacements based on correlated multiple-output support vector regression
Authors: Ren Qiubing , Li Mingchao , Bai Shuo , Shen Yang
Published: March 2022

Displacements reflect the overall behavior of a concrete dam; thus, it is of vital importance to evaluate the overall structural health status by displacement-based mathematical monitoring models. However, most of the existing monitoring models focus on point-by-point displacement modeling, ignoring the correlations among displacements at different measurement points. This study therefore proposes a model for dam multiple-point displacement monitoring based on the support vector regression (SVR) algorithm. The improved SVR-based model with multiple-output formulation is a new development based on the statistical learning theory, which can simultaneously analyze and predict displacements at multiple-measurement points. Furthermore, by introducing the weight vectors that separate the common and individual information, the potential correlations among multiple-point displacements can be fully exploited by the multiple-output SVR. Combining the above two improvements, a multiple-point monitoring model for dam displacements considering spatiotemporal correlations, referred to as correlated multiple-output SVR (CMOSVR), is constructed. The proposed model is verified using in-situ monitoring from a full-scale concrete gravity dam. The accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of the CMOSVR-based model are compared with those of conventional single-point monitoring models, such as classical hydrostatic-seasonal-time model and standard SVR-based model. Empirical results show that in both real and simulated noisy scenarios, the CMOSVR-based multiple-point model can achieve a better monitoring performance with less modeling time cost. Moreover, the superior performance of CMOSVR-based model does not require a very strong correlation among multiple-point displacements, which considerably improves the adaptability of the monitoring model to various possible scenarios. The novel multiple-point model will provide an effective technical support tool for ensuring the safe operation of dams.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Elderly Depression
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Xiaoxuan , Zhou Ke , Zhang Huiping
Published: March 2022

Background: The present study aimed to synthesize the effects of five types of child maltreatment (physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect) on late-life depression.

Method: Four English-language databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) and three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Weipu Database) were systematically reviewed, and data related to the association between child maltreatment and late-life depression were extracted. Ten studies involving 30,308 older adults were included, and the effect sizes were pooled using random-effect models.

Findings: Except for sexual abuse, four types of child maltreatment were found to be positively associated with late-life depression. Physical abuse, emotional abuse and physical neglect were associated with elderly depression (PA: OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.55–1.95, p < .001; EA: OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.73–2.12, p < .001; PN: OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.15–3.67, p < .01) at a small level, and emotional neglect was associated with elderly depression (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.43–7.39, p < .001) at an approximately moderate level. Gender moderated the relationship between physical neglect, emotional neglect, and late-life depression.

Conclusion: Our findings highlight the significance of child maltreatment in the development of late-life depression, and underscore the need for future research and practice to explore potential ways to address late-life depression among older adults who suffered child maltreatment.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Application of the Halcyon(2.0) IMRT Technique in Long-Course Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Zheng Jiajun , Xia Yuqing , Sun Li
Published: March 2022

Objective: To evaluate if the Halcyon(2.0) Intensity Modulation Radiotherapy (IMRT) technique has an advantage in the long-course rectal cancer radiotherapy. Methods: A total of 20 clinical IMRT plans of Halcyon(2.0) for long-course (2Gy in 25 fractions) rectal cancer radiotherapy were randomly selected. Based on the parameters of these plans, 20 TrueBeam (with the Millennium 120 MLC) plans were redesigned, respectively. The dosimetry indexes, field complexity parameters, the Gamma Passing Rates (GPR), and the delivery time of the 2 groups of plans were obtained as measures of the plan quality, the modulation complexity, the delivery accuracy, and the delivery efficiency. The differences between the 2 groups of parameters were analyzed, with P < .05 means statistically significant. Results: In terms of dosimetry, there was no significant or clinical difference between the 2 groups in critical dosimetry parameters. The Monitor Unit of the Halcyon(2.0) fields is lower than the TrueBeam fields by 26.39, while the modulation complexity score (MCS), the mean aperture area variability (AAV), and the mean leaf sequence variability (LSV) of the Halcyon(2.0) fields were 23.8%, 20%, and 2.3% larger than those of the TrueBeam fields, respectively. Neither the ArcCheck-based GPRs nor the portal-dosimetry-based GPRs in both 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm criteria showed the difference between the Halcyon(2.0) fields and the TrueBeam fields. The Pearson correlation coefficient between GPR(2%/2 mm) and MCS of the Halcyon(2.0) fields was 0.335, while that of the TrueBeam fields was 0.502. The mean total delivery time of the TrueBeam plans was 195.55 ± 22.86 s, while that of Halcyon(2.0) was 124.25 ± 10.42 s ( P < .001), which was reduced approximatively by 36%. Conclusion: For long-course rectal cancer radiotherapy, the Halcyon(2.0) IMRT plans behave almost the same in dosimetry and delivery accuracy as the TrueBeam plans. However, the lower MU and the field modulation complexity, combined with the higher delivery efficiency, make Halcyon(2.0) a feasible and reliable platform in long-course radiotherapy for the rectal cancer.
Investigation of miR-21-5p Key Target Genes and Pathways in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on TCGA Database and Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Shen Mingjun , Zhou Ziyan , Li Bai bei , Lv Meixin , Feng Chunling , Chen Sixia , Shi Shuo , Kang Min , Zhao Tingting
Published: March 2022

Aim: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide. Overexpressed of microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) has been reported to be involved in the development of HNSCC. However, the role of miR-21-5p in HNSCC is still not fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-21-5p in HNSCC. Methods: RT-qPCR was used to determine the differential expression levels of miR-21-5p in tissue samples of HNSCC patients. Meta-analysis was performed based on miRNA expression data collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and published articles to evaluate the expression of miR-21-5p in HNSCC. We investigated the biological function of miR-21-5P by gene ontology enrichment and target prediction analysis. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and IHC were conducted to verify the expression of target genes. Finally, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to assessed the prognostic value of the putative miR-21-5p target genes. Results: MiR-21-5p was significantly overexpressed in HNSCC compared to healthy tissues ( P < .05) and showed potent predictive power with a summary receiver operating characteristic of 0.90. Meanwhile, the expression of miR-21-5p was significantly correlated with tumor stage, T stage and smoking in HNSCC ( P < .05). A total of 71 down-regulated genes, both HNSCC-related and miR-21-p5-related, were obtained from the analytical integration. Two predicted genes (ADH7, RDH12) were down-regulated in HNSCC, and significantly negatively correlated with miR-21-5p. IHC and RT-qPCR demonstrated that the expression of ADH7 and RDH12 in HNSCC samples was significantly lower than control. And high expression of ADH7 was associated with better DFS of HNSCC patients. Conclusions: miR-21-5p may target at ADH7, RDH12 and participate in regulation of retinol metabolism, which might affect the prognosis of HNSCC. High expression of ADH7 may indicate better prognosis in HNSCC patients.
Landmine detection via multivariate image analysis
Authors: Maranhão Paulo , Andraos Leandro , Guedes Rodrigo , Epprecht Eugenio
Published: March 2022

Despite the technological advances in sensors, landmine action still causes many deaths and mutilations in several countries worldwide, and the search for efficient methods to detect mines has become a relevant issue. Thus, this work proposes a landmine detection approach using multivariate analysis of infrared (IR) images. In addition, it is proposed to monitor these images through a control chart to help identify the mine. Experiments following this approach have indicated effectiveness in the detection of landmines, enabling their safe removal.
The Virtual Platform for Indigenous Art: An Indigenous-led Digital Strategy
Authors: McMaster Gerald , Rattray Michael Frederick , Chestopalova Natalja , Bergin Brittany Pitseolak , Meawasige Mariah , Filipp Maya , Shao Yiyi , Griebel Brendan
Published: March 2022

Over the past decade, a multitude of digital platforms engaging with Indigenous collections of ancestral belongings have been developed for the public in an effort to reconsider and reconceptualize notions of access and Indigenous ownership in virtual space. An initiative in partnership with the Onsite Gallery, the Virtual Platform for Indigenous Art (VPIA) is a newly developed resource that originates from Dr. Gerald McMaster’s Entangled Gaze Project at the Wapatah Centre for Indigenous Visual Knowledge, OCAD University in Toronto, Canada. VPIA is a strategic digital platform that brings together a specific dataset of Indigenous artworks and cultural belongings that portray European and Asian newcomers to Turtle Island, drawn from global museum collections. The platform’s innovative approach to collections is grounded in a dual record format, where visitors are invited to create a Community-Member profile and contribute knowledge and information to artwork pages that consist of a permanent institutional record and an evolving community-generated VPIA record. The VPIA is intended to bridge communities and institutions to facilitate digital contributions of novel ideas about the Turtle Island contact zone and the implications of the colonial period, from early contact through to the twentieth century.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Incidence, Predictive Factors, and Impact on Mortality
Authors: Feldstein Eric , Ali Syed , Patel Smit , Raghavendran Keshav , Martinez Erick , Blowes Leah , Ogulnick Jonathan , Bravo Michelle , Dominguez Jose , Li Boyi , Urhie Ogaga , Rosenberg Jon , Bowers Christian , Prabhakaran Kartik , Bauershmidt Andrew , Mayer Stephan A. , Gandhi Chirag D. , Al-Mufti Fawaz
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a known predictor of poor outcomes in critically ill patients. We sought to examine the role ARDS plays in outcomes in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. Prior studies investigating the incidence of ARDS in SAH patients did not control for SAH severity. Hence, we sought to determine the incidence ARDS in patients diagnosed with aneurysmal SAH and investigate the predisposing risk factors and impact upon outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for the years 2008 to 2014. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors and outcome associated with developing ARDS in the setting of SAH.

Results

We identified 170,869 patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, of whom 6962 were diagnosed with ARDS and of those 4829 required mechanical ventilation. ARDS more frequently developed in high grade SAH patients (1.97 ± 0.05 vs. 1.15 ± 0.01; p < 0.0001). Neurologic predictors of ARDS included cerebral edema (OR 1.892, CI 1.180–3.034, p = 0.0035) and medical predictors included cardiac arrest (OR 4.642, CI 2.273–9.482, p < 0.0001) and cardiogenic shock (OR 2.984, CI 1.157–7.696, p = 0.0239). ARDS was associated with significantly worse outcomes (15.5% vs. 52.9% discharged home, 63.0% vs. 40.8% discharged to rehabilitation facility and 21.5% vs. 6.3% in-hospital mortality).

Conclusion

Patients with SAH who developed ARDS were less likely to be discharged home, more likely to need rehabilitation and had a significantly higher risk of mortality. The identification of risk factors contributing to ARDS is helpful for improving outcomes and resource utilization.
All that glitters: case presentation and review of radial access complications in neurointervention
Authors: Macdonald Ian R , Pickett Gwynedd E , Herman Christine , Lee Min , Volders David
Published: March 2022

Radial artery access has experienced increasing adoption and rapid expansion of indications for neurointerventional procedures. This access is an attractive neurointervention route to be considered, with many advantages over the traditional femoral access in terms of ease of vasculature navigation and decreased risk of complications such as significant bleeding. Although a promising technique for neurointerventional procedures, there are inherent and unique considerations as well as potential complications involved. The following case report highlights some of these vital concepts associated with radial artery access, including appropriate patient selection as well as assessment of arterial size in the context of neurointerventional techniques. Early identification of complications such as arterial injury and compartment syndrome, with an emphasis on appropriate draping and inter-procedure monitoring, is discussed as well as approaches for subsequent management. Finally, the issue of radiation safety in this emerging technique is considered. These concepts are critical for the successful use and the continued growth of radial artery access for neurointervention procedures.
Critical Inquiry With Children as an Unlearning Process: A South Korean Case of Critical Inquiry Centering Learning From Children
Authors: Ryu Yeonghwi
Published: March 2022

Critical inquiries with children have been increasingly conducted in various educational settings. However, valuing children’s way of knowing while keeping inquiries critical remains an ongoing issue. This study aims to understand what can be learned about the design, conduct, and interpretation of critical inquiry from children’s engagement. I present a case of critical inquiries that I conducted with five fifth-grade migrant Joseonjok children in an after-school class in South Korea. By documenting the moments when the children’s engagement in critical inquiries raised methodological dilemmas, as well as the moments that allowed me to learn, this study provides concrete examples of how children instilled unexpected complexity into the critical inquiries and how the inquiries continued to change over time. The findings suggest critical inquiry with children can be a process of unlearning in which teachers and researchers acknowledge that what they believed they knew could be wrong and reconstruct their knowledge about children and children’s way of knowing by learning from them.
The walking and running control of a human musculoskeletal model using a low-power consumption hardware central pattern generator model
Authors: Takeda Kenji , Hayakawa Mikihito , Ishibashi Motokuni , Ishihara Minori , Ishihama Takumi , Aibara Megumi , Kaneko Minami , Uchikoba Fumio
Published: March 2022

Applying a control system with low energy consumption and low load of motion control to robots, similar to living organisms, is considered to be one of the most important issues in robot development. We have been studying systems that use pulse-type hardware neural networks to control robotic motion with a small number of control signals, as is the case in living organisms. In particular, it has been mimicking the function of the central pattern generator localized in the spinal cord of living organisms to generate motion patterns. In the present article, a new biomimetic control system using pulse-type hardware neural networks for biped gait control is reported.
Recruiting an underserved, difficult to reach population into a cancer trial: Strategies from the Restore-2 Rehabilitation Trial for gay and bisexual prostate cancer patients
Authors: Simon Rosser BR , Wright Morgan , Hoefer Chris J , Polter Elizabeth J , Kohli Nidhi , Wheldon Christopher W , Haggart Ryan , Talley Kristine MC , Mitteldorf Darryl , Kilian Gunna , Konety Badrinath R , Ross Michael W , West William
Published: March 2022

Background/aims:

Sexual minorities are small and under-researched populations that are at disproportionate risk for cancer and poor cancer outcomes. Described as a “hidden population,” the principal research challenge has been to develop effective methods to identify and recruit such cancer patients into cancer studies. Online recruitment strategies, as well as targeted clinic recruitment using patient-entered sexual orientation and gender identity data from electronic medical records have potential to transform recruitment, but studies testing the effects of how to recruit using these have not been published.

Methods:

In 2019, we conducted a naturalistic, three-arm, stratified prospective study to compare three recruitment strategies: (a) clinic based recruitment of prostate cancer patients from gay health and urology clinics; (b) directly from the gay community; and (c) online recruitment (through cancer support, sex/dating, and social sites). For each strategy, we estimated time, workload, and direct costs involved. To study how recruitment strategy may affect sampling, we tested for retention rates, demographic and outcome differences across sites. Using these methods, we successfully recruited 401 gay and bisexual prostate cancer patients into a randomized, controlled, 24-month trial testing an online sexual and urinary rehabilitation curriculum tailored for this population.

Results:

There were seven key results. First, it is possible to recruit substantial numbers of sexual minority men into prostate cancer studies provided online recruitment methods are used. Second, we observed big differences in dropout during study onboarding by recruitment source. Third, within online recruitment, the online sex/dating application (app) was the most successful and efficient, followed by the cancer support site, and then the social networking site. Fourth, while clinics were the cheapest source of recruitment, they were time intensive and low in yield. Fifth, the cancer support site and sex/dating app recruits differed by several characteristics, with the former being more rehabilitation-focused while the latter were younger and more sexually active. Sixth, we found almost no differences in outcomes across the three online recruitment sites. Seventh, because retention in online studies has been a concern, we confirm very low attrition at 3- and 6 months into the trial.

Conclusion:

For sexual minority cancer research, more research on how to use sexual orientation and gender identity electronic medical record data for clinic-based recruitment is needed. For other small or hard-to-reach populations, researchers should compare and publish online versus offline recruitment strategies.
The Pandemic as a Portal: Reimagining Psychological Science as Truly Open and Inclusive
Authors: Ledgerwood Alison , Hudson Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn , Lewis Neil A. , Maddox Keith B. , Pickett Cynthia L. , Remedios Jessica D. , Cheryan Sapna , Diekman Amanda B. , Dutra Natalia B. , Goh Jin X. , Goodwin Stephanie A. , Munakata Yuko , Navarro Danielle J. , Onyeador Ivuoma N. , Srivastava Sanjay , Wilkins Clara L.
Published: March 2022

Psychological science is at an inflection point: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated inequalities that stem from our historically closed and exclusive culture. Meanwhile, reform efforts to change the future of our science are too narrow in focus to fully succeed. In this article, we call on psychological scientists—focusing specifically on those who use quantitative methods in the United States as one context for such conversations—to begin reimagining our discipline as fundamentally open and inclusive. First, we discuss whom our discipline was designed to serve and how this history produced the inequitable reward and support systems we see today. Second, we highlight how current institutional responses to address worsening inequalities are inadequate, as well as how our disciplinary perspective may both help and hinder our ability to craft effective solutions. Third, we take a hard look in the mirror at the disconnect between what we ostensibly value as a field and what we actually practice. Fourth and finally, we lead readers through a roadmap for reimagining psychological science in whatever roles and spaces they occupy, from an informal discussion group in a department to a formal strategic planning retreat at a scientific society.
Lung deposition of inhaled once-daily long-acting muscarinic antagonists via standard jet nebulizer or dry powder inhaler, measured using functional respiratory imaging, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Crater Glenn D. , Johnson Karmon , Ward Jonathan , Backer Jan De
Published: March 2022

Background:

Data for bronchodilator deposition via nebulizers and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) in the respiratory tract of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited. We used functional respiratory imaging (FRI) to determine deposition patterns for revefenacin solution via a PARI LC® Sprint® nebulizer and tiotropium powder via HandiHaler® DPI.

Methods:

Ten patients with COPD, of whom 9 had severe airflow obstruction, were selected from FLUIDDA’s database. The study did not enroll patients. Drug deposition in the extrathoracic and intrathoracic regions, including the central and peripheral airways was simulated by FRI. The percentage of delivered dose and central-to-peripheral (C/P) deposition ratio for nebulizer and DPI were evaluated.

Results:

Mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 64.7 ± 7.1 years, height was 168.8 ± 8.5 cm, and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 40.8 ± 12.3%; 50% of patients were men. At optimal inhalation flow, intrathoracic and peripheral deposition was three-fold higher for revefenacin via nebulizer than tiotropium via HandiHaler (mean ± SD 34.6 ± 8.53% versus 10.9 ± 5.67% and 18.2 ± 4.30% versus 5.8 ± 2.73% of delivered dose, respectively). Similar results were observed for suboptimal flow (mean ± SD percentage of revefenacin versus tiotropium: intrathoracic, 32.1 ± 8.3% versus 15.1 ± 5.9%; peripheral; 16.6 ± 4.1% versus 8.4 ± 2.9%). The C/P deposition ratio for nebulizer was similar to DPI (mean ± SD 0.915 ± 0.241 versus 0.812 ± 0.249 at optimal; 0.947 ± 0.253 versus 0.784 ± 0.219 at suboptimal flow), even though the mass median aerodynamic diameter of revefenacin was higher than tiotropium. C/P deposition ratio for revefenacin decreased after bronchodilation (0.915 ± 0.241 pre-bronchodilation versus 0.799 ± 0.192 post-bronchodilation), suggesting progressively better deposition in the peripheral region, assuming bronchodilation occurred during the nebulization process.

Conclusions:

These results demonstrate more efficient intrathoracic and peripheral deposition for revefenacin via standard jet nebulizer than tiotropium via HandiHaler, with similar C/P deposition ratio in patients with COPD. Nebulizers are an efficient alternative to DPIs for bronchodilator administration in patients with COPD.
Anatomic Monopolar Press-fit Radial Head Arthroplasty; High Rate of Loosening at Mid-Term Follow Up
Authors: Samra Inderpaul , Kwaees Tariq A , Mati Wael , Blundell Clare , Lane Suzanne , Harrison John WK , Charalambous Charalambos P
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) is used for the management of unstable or unreconstructable injuries of the radial head. Our aim was to investigate clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients treated with the Acumed anatomic radial head press-fit system for trauma.

Methods

Clinical and radiographic assessment of RHAs undertaken for trauma with minimum 2-year follow-up.

Results

16 consecutive patients, mean age 53 (21–82) and 66 month ± 27 (26–122) clinical follow-up were included. There were marked radiographic changes with 11/16 showing periprosthetic lucent lines and 13/16 showing subcollar osteolysis. Radiographic changes occurred early post-surgery. Stem loosening was associated with larger cantilever quotients (0.47 vs 0.38, p  =  0.004). Overall survivability was 81.2%, with 3 RHAs removed. Clinical outcomes for the retained RHAs were acceptable with mean flexion 134°, extension deficit of 10°, pronation of 82°, and supination of 73°. Mean VAS scores were 8.5 ±  14.4, QuickDASH 13.8 ±  18.9, Mayo Elbow Performance Scores were 91.5 ±  12.5 with no poor scores.

Conclusion

Mid-term clinical functional outcomes following the Acumed anatomic RHA are acceptable in most cases. However, in view of the extensive periprosthetic lucencies and surgical removal due to loosening, patients should be cautioned when consented for implantation of the prosthesis, especially if a large collar is anticipated.
Neoadjuvant therapy for melanoma: rationale for neoadjuvant therapy and pivotal clinical trials
Authors: Witt Russell G. , Erstad Derek J. , Wargo Jennifer A.
Published: March 2022

The treatment of malignant melanoma has drastically changed over the past decade with the advent of immune checkpoint blockade, targeted therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibition, and other novel therapies such as oncolytic virus intralesional therapy. Despite improvements in patient response rates and survival with these new treatments, there exists a large portion of patients with surgically resectable disease that are high risk for relapse. Patients with high-risk resectable melanoma account for up to 20% of newly diagnosed cases. For this high-risk group of patients, neoadjuvant therapy has many purposed advantages over adjuvant therapy, including a more robust immune response due to abundant tumor antigens at treatment initiation, the ability to assess pathologic response to therapy, tumor downstaging leading to increased disease resectability, and a potential decreased need for extensive lymphadenectomies. These findings have been backed by preclinical models and multiple neoadjuvant trials are underway. In this review, we will discuss the trials that have set the foundation for the current treatment standards and discuss the role and rationale for neoadjuvant therapy for high-risk malignant melanomas.
Prostate Disease Severity Score: In the management of benign enlargement of prostate
Authors: Sanman KN , Patil Santosh , Prabhu GG Laxman , Shetty Ranjit , Venugopal P
Published: March 2022

Objective:

Developing a simple, user-friendly objective severity scoring system for symptomatic benign enlargement of prostate (BEP) and comparing with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).

Subjects and Methods:

In this prospective study, patients with BEP completed IPSS proforma. A grading system was developed for peak flow of urine ( Qmax), transitional zone index (TZI), detrusor wall thickness (DWT) and intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP). Prostate Disease Severity Score (PDSS) was developed as sum of the variables.

Results:

Among 115 patients, obstructive voiding (70.43%) was predominant symptom followed by storage symptom (10.44%). Among predominant obstructive voiders, grades 1–3 TZI was common (97.53%), followed by IPP (64.19%) and DWT (62.96%) of varying grade. IPP, DWT, TZI and Qmax proved to be strong determinants of obstructive voiding ( p < 0.05). The components of PDSS correlated well with total score ( p < 0.05), positively correlated with IPP, DWT and TZI, and negatively with Qmax ( p < 0.05); correlation with IPSS was statistically significant ( p < 0.05). According to PDSS, 92.5% (37/40) patients with severe, 73.02% (46/63) with moderate, 8.33% (1/12) with mild degree of obstruction needed surgical intervention.

Conclusion:

The objective nature, comparable correlation with IPSS, potentiality to predict future need for surgical intervention, makes PDSS, a potential user-friendly assessment tool in management of BEP.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable
Safety, efficacy and functional outcomes of photoselective vaporisation of the prostate: A single-centre experience
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Panaiyadiyan Sridhar , Singh Prashant , Dogra Premnath
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The objective of this study was to report the safety, efficacy and functional outcomes following photoselective vaporisation of prostate (PVP) with GreenLight laser for benign prostatic enlargement (BPE).

Material and methods:

We retrospectively analysed men who underwent PVP from April 2011 to August 2019 for BPE. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative details were retrieved from electronic data software. The perioperative and functional outcomes were analysed.

Results:

A total of 147 patients, with a mean age of 65.4 years, underwent PVP (51 patients – high performance system (HPS), 120 Watts; 96 patients – xcelerated performance system (XPS), 180 Watts). In 20 (13.6%) patients, antiplatelet or anticoagulant were continued in the perioperative period. The mean operative time, lasing time, catheterization time and hospital stay were 54.4 minutes, 38.0 minutes, 48.7 hours and 2.73 days, respectively. Postoperatively, all the functional outcomes IPSS (international prostate symptom score), QOL (quality of life), Qmax (maximum flow rate) and PVR (postvoid residue) were significantly improved from the baseline. The most common complication was dysuria (36.7%). There was no significant perioperative bleeding complications in high-risk men who were on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy.

Conclusion:

PVP is a safe, efficacious and durable surgical option in BPE including patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy.

Level of evidence:

Level 4