bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tillage Method and Mulch Application on Growth and Yield of Green Gram in Semiarid Kenya
Authors: Hakim Robert O. , Kinama Josiah. M. , Kitonyo Onesmus M. , Chemining’wa George N
Published: May 2022

Conservation tillage is regarded as the best practice for crop production in drylands. However, their effect on the green gram (Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) has not been much documented in ASALs of Kenya. A field study was conducted during the 2018-2019 short rains with the aim of evaluating the effect of tillage methods and mulch application on the growth and yield of two green gram varieties in Katumani and Mwea. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-slit plot arrangement and three replicates was used. The main plots were tillage methods zero tillage (ZT), furrow-ridge (FR), and conventional tillage (CT). Subplots were mulched plots with plant residue (3 t·ha−1) and plots without mulch applied (0 t·ha−1) and in the sub-subplots were two green gram varieties (N26 and KS20). Data was collected on plant height, number of primary branches, root biomass, shoot biomass, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, grain weight (t·ha1), and harvest index. Data was subjected to the general analysis of variance using GenStat 15th statistical software. Mean separation was calculated using the least significant difference LSD at a 5% probability level. Results showed that tillage methods and mulch application significantly affected growth, yield, and yield component. Furrow-ridge recorded superior effects ahead of zero tillage and conventional tillage. Mulch application had significant effects on growth, yield, and yield component. Variety N26 under the treatment of furrow-ridge mulched with 3 t·ha−1 had a greater number of branches, plant height, yield, and yield components in both experiment sites. The application of mulch had a positive impact on growth, yield, and yield component. Furrow-ridge and zero tillage with mulch emerged to be the most efficient techniques for better green gram yield in Katumani and Mwea. This can be recommended for increased crop production in areas that receive insufficient rainfall.
The Beneficial Role of Nrf2 in the Endothelial Dysfunction of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Huang Zixia , Wu Mingyue , Zeng Lijin , Wang Deming
Published: May 2022

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious public health issue in China, accounting for more than 40% of all mortality, and it is the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis for much CVD, including coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke. Endothelial dysfunction is an initiating and exacerbating factor in atherosclerosis. Recent research has linked oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage to endothelial dysfunction. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor with antioxidant effects that is strongly connected to several CVDs. However, the mechanism by which Nrf2 reduces CVD is unknown. Research indicates that Nrf2 improves endothelial function by resisting oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, thereby delaying atherosclerosis. This article examines the mechanisms and potential targets of Nrf2 affecting endothelial cell function to improve atherosclerosis and to provide ideas for the development of new CVD treatments.
On Quantiles Estimation Based on Stratified Sampling Using Multiplicative Bias Correction Approach
Authors: Makumi Nicholas , Otieno Romanus Odhiambo , Orwa George Otieno , Habineza Alexis
Published: May 2022

In the context of stratified sampling, we develop a nonparametric regression technique to estimating finite population quantiles in model‐based frameworks using a multiplicative bias correction strategy. Furthermore, the proposed estimator’s asymptotic behavior is presented, and when certain conditions are met, the estimator is observed to be asymptotically unbiased and asymptotically consistent. Simulation studies were conducted to determine the proposed estimator’s performance for the three quartiles of two fictitious populations under varied distributional assumptions. Based on relative biases, mean‐squared errors, and relative root‐mean‐squared errors, the proposed estimator can be extremely satisfactory, according to these findings.
Identification of Potential WSB1 Inhibitors by AlphaFold Modeling, Virtual Screening, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies
Authors: Weng Ye , Pan Chenghao , Shen Zheyuan , Chen Sikang , Xu Lei , Dong Xiaowu , Chen Jing
Published: May 2022

WD40 repeat and SOCS box containing 1 (WSB1) consists of seven WD40 repeat structural domains at the N-terminal end and one SOCS box structural domain at the C-terminal end. WSB1 promotes cancer progression by affecting the Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) and upregulating hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) target gene expression. However, the crystal structure of WSB1 has not been reported, which is not beneficial to the research on WSB1 inhibitors. Therefore, we focused on specific small molecule inhibitors of WSB1. This study applied virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations; finally, 20 compounds were obtained. Among them, compound G490-0341 showed the best stable structure and was a promising composite for further development of WSB1 inhibitors.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of the Indole-Derived N-Salicyloyltryptamine on Peritonitis and Joint Disability Induced by Carrageenan in Rodents
Authors: Sousa-Neto B. P. , Cunha F. V. M. , Nunes Daniel Barbosa , Gomes B. S. , Amorim Layane Valeria , Lopes Everton Moraes , Gutierrez S. J. C. , Almeida F. R. C. , Arcanjo D. D. R. , Souza M. F. V. , Oliveira F. A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose. To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of N-salicyloyltryptamine (NST) in experimental models of carrageenan (Cg)-induced peritonitis in mice, and evaluation of the effects of NST on Cg-induced joint disability in rats. Methods. Female Swiss mice were submitted to Cg-induced peritonitis in mice or Cg-induced joint disability in rats after intraperitoneal injection of NST (100 or 200 mg/kg). Total leukocyte count, total protein concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase (CAT) activities, and nitrite (

NO

2
−

) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels were determined. Results. NST significantly decrease the migration of leukocytes to peritoneal exudate. Cg induces inflammatory responses mediated by expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results further showed that NST significantly decreased MPO and CAT activities, as well as reduced

NO

2
−

and TBARS levels, compared with the vehicle group. Animals treated with NST significantly reduced paw elevation time (PET) on the first hour after induction of joint injury, and this effect was sustained throughout the analysis. Conclusion. NST presented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in experimental models of carrageenan-induced peritonitis and joint disability in mice and rats, respectively, which may be related to the modulation of neutrophils migration as well as the involvement of antioxidant mechanisms.
Blockage of Fibronectin 1 Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Association with Activation of AMP-LKB1-AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yun-Long , Li Pang-Bo , Han Xiao , Zhang Bo , Li Hui-Hua
Published: May 2022

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI) is closely associated with energy substrate metabolism. Fibronectin 1 (Fn1) was markedly elevated in the heart of I/R pigs and ischemic patients, but its role in myocardial I/RI is controversial and the precise mechanism involved remains elusive. Herein, we tested whether blockage of Fn1 with its inhibitor (fibronectin tetrapeptide, RGDS) would alleviate myocardial I/RI. Wild-type (WT) mice were administered with RGDS once 3 h before I/R operation and once at 24 or 48 h postreperfusion, and sacrificed at 24 or 72 h post-I/R, respectively. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Myocardial infarction size, apoptosis, fibrosis, and inflammation were examined via histological staining. Uptake of glucose and fatty acids were detected by positron emission tomography (PET) and computer tomography (CT) with [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and [18F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (FTHA), respectively. Our results showed that administration of RGDS to mice remarkably limited the I/R-induced myocardial infarct size, myocyte apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis and improved cardiac contractile dysfunction. These protective effects were associated with upregulation of the AMP/ATP ratio and the activation of LKB1-AMPK signaling, which subsequently increased AS160-GLUT4-mediated glucose and fatty acid uptake, improved mitochondrial dynamic imbalance, and inactivated TGF-β and NF-κB signals in the I/R heart. In conclusion, the current study identified that blocking Fn1 protects against myocardial I/RI likely through activating the LKB1-AMPK-dependent signals and highlights that inhibition of Fn1 may be a novel therapeutic option for treating ischemic heart diseases.
Approximate Analytical Study of Time-Dependent MHD Casson Hybrid Nanofluid over a Stretching Sheet and Considering Thermal Radiation
Authors: Rehman Ali , Salleh Zabidin , Mousa Abd Allah A. , Bonyah Ebenezer , Khan Waris
Published: May 2022

The heat transfer ratio plays an important role in the production sector, and hybrid nanofluid has more heat transfer as compared to the base fluid. Two sorts of hybrid nanofluids have been used for heat enhancement applications. The present research paper is aimed at investigating an approximate analytical study of time-dependent MHD Casson hybrid nanofluid on an extending surface along with thermal radiation. The novelty of present research is that the first time-dependent Casson MHD flow of hybrid is addressed analytically in the form of a series solution along with flexible properties on an extending surface. Transforming the nonlinear partial differential equation to nonlinear ordinary differential equation, we used the defined similarity transformation. The governing nonlinear equations are solved with help of the approximate analytical method presented by Liao. The impact of different parameters like Casson parameter, unsteady parameter, magnetic field parameter, porosity parameter, Prandtl number, Eckert number, radiation parameter, and Grashof number is presumed in the form figures for velocity and temperature profile. The current research article has a good comparison with the previously published work.
Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Domain Based on the Error-Correction Redundancy of Encryption Process
Authors: Yongjun Kong , Minqing Zhang , Zexi Wang , Yan Ke , Siyuan Huang
Published: May 2022

The existing reversible data hiding methods in encrypted domain separate image encryption from information embedding and do not make full use of the redundant space in the process of image encryption. In order to improve the performance of reversible data hiding by using the technical characteristics of image encryption, a reversible data hiding method based on McEliece error correction is proposed. Firstly, the segmentation position of bit plane is determined according to the embedding requirement and texture characteristic, and the image is divided into high and low significant bits. Secondly, because of the error-correcting characteristic of McEliece encryption, reversible data embedding can be realized while encrypting low significant bits. Then, the high significant bits are compressed to reserve space for the ciphertext extension of the low significant bits. Finally, the whole high significant bits information is stream-encrypted. As long as the image receiver has the decryption key, the image can be restored without distortion. By concealing the relationship between error correction and secret information mapping, the concealment of secret information transmission can be realized. In addition, due to different processing for different pixels, it can be efficiently transmitted with low computational complexity for applications that only need general images. The simulation results show that this scheme can not only realize the separable operation of information extraction and image recovery but also resist the noise attack to a certain extent. The maximum embedding rates of 10 standard images from USC-SIPI and 50 standard images from BOSS-BASE are 2.228 and 2.323 bpp, respectively.
The Construction of Virtual Experiment Platform Based on the Fuzzy System
Authors: Yang Fan , Rao Yutai , Wu Ke
Published: May 2022

Virtual experiment platform is an open network virtual experiment system, and it is constructed by virtual reality technology. It virtualizes and digitizes experimental resources in the current virtual experiment platform. Virtual experimental platform is similar to real experimental platform. Users can adjust the virtual instrument to complete the experiment process. In this paper, a virtual experiment platform model of the fuzzy system is built. Based on the acquired correlative variables of the fuzzy system, a virtual experiment platform model of the fuzzy system based on the recursive fuzzy network is established. And the model is trained and modified by using the running data of the actual fuzzy algorithm, and the prediction of the fuzzy system in the process of virtual experiment platform is realized. The experimental results show that the virtual experiment platform model of the fuzzy system based on the recursive fuzzy neural network can obtain higher prediction accuracy. Compared with standard fuzzy neural network and other modeling methods, the model of virtual experiment platform of the fuzzy system proposed in this paper can obtain better prediction effect. So, the virtual experiment platform based on the fuzzy algorithm is feasible. The virtual experiment simulation platform of the fuzzy system is built, and the experiment design and research are carried out through the virtual experiment simulation platform.
Investigation on Temperature-Dependent Multiaxial Ratchetting of Polycarbonate by a Novel Experimental Method
Authors: Lu Fucong , Zhang Kun , Hou Yuhang , Wu Zhiwen
Published: May 2022

A novel method to heat the multiaxial hollow thin-wall specimen was proposed, where its gauge length section can be heated by the liquid (i.e., water) filled inside the specimen instead of the closed furnace. This method realizes the direct measurement of multiaxial strain on the surface of specimen at different temperatures by the noncontact digital image correlation. By utilizing the proposed method, the multiaxial stress-control cyclic tests were performed to investigate the multiaxial ratchetting of polycarbonate (PC) at different temperatures. It is found that the multiaxial ratchetting of PC depends greatly on the test temperatures and the multiaxial ratchetting strain increases with increasing the test temperature. The temperature-dependent multiaxial ratchetting is also influenced by valley stresses. The unrecoverable part of deformation in the multiaxial ratchetting strain increases with increasing temperature.
NCAPG Promotes the Proliferation of Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma via Mediating with CDK1
Authors: Li Huibing , Zheng Pengyi , Li Zhijun , Han Qingjiang , Zhou Bisheng , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Kaixuan
Published: May 2022

Objective. Currently, lots of scholars have proved that the expression of NCAPG is associated with the prognosis of several cancers, while the relationship between NCAPG and renal clear cell carcinoma remains unclear, so the main aim of this research is to explore the effects of NCAPG on the progression of renal clear cell carcinoma. Methods. We observed the differential expression of NCAPG in several cancers from GEPIA online database, and the expression of NCAPG in renal clear cell carcinoma and normal tissue was compared and further verified by IHC assay. CCK-8 assay and clone formation experiment were conducted to observe the change of NCAPG on the proliferation. GraphPad was used for data analysis, and

t

-test and

χ

2

analysis were used to analyze the correlation between NCAPG/CDK1 and renal clear cell carcinoma. Results. NCAPG was upregulated in renal clear cell carcinoma compared with the normal tissue, and the expression of NCAPG was associated with the clinical prognosis of pancreatic cancer especially with tumor size (

P
=
0.010

). Knockdown NCAPG could restrain the proliferation of renal clear cell carcinoma. CDK1 was found to be tightly related with NCAPG, and the expression of CDK1 was also associated with the prognosis. Conclusions. NCAPG was upregulated in renal clear cell carcinoma, which was related with tumor size and overall survival. NCAPG might promote the proliferation of renal clear cell carcinoma via mediating CDK1. NCAPG/CDK1 complex might provide a new treatment strategy for lots of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma.
Federated Learning Based on OPTICS Clustering Optimization
Authors: Lu Chenyang , Deng Su , Wu Yahui , Zhou Haohao , Ma Wubin
Published: May 2022

Federated learning (FL) has emerged for solving the problem of data fragmentation and isolation in machine learning based on privacy protection. Each client node uploads the trained model parameter information to the central server based on the local training data, and the central server aggregates the parameter information to achieve the purpose of common training. In the real environment, the distribution of data among nodes is often inconsistent. By analyzing the influence of independent identically distributed data (non‐IID) on the accuracy of FL, it is shown that the accuracy of the model obtained by the traditional FL method is low. Therefore, we proposed the diversified sampling strategies to simulate the non‐IID data situation and came up with the OPTICS (ordering points to identify the clustering structure)‐based clustering optimization federated learning method (OCFL), which solves the problem that the learning accuracy is reduced when the data of different nodes are non‐IID in FL. Experiments indicate that OCFL greatly improves the model accuracy and training speed compared with the traditional FL algorithm.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Infection in the Population Referred to Rural and Urban Health Care Centers in Zahedan, Primary Referral Level, in Southeastern Iran
Authors: Khabisi Samaneh Abdolahi , Almasi Seideh Zeinab , Zadeh Siavash Liravi
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Toxoplasmosis is one of the protozoan diseases caused by Toxoplasma gondii. This study is aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the population referred to rural and urban health care centers in Zahedan, southeast Iran. Methods. A total of 1,324 blood samples of patients referred to the health care centers were evaluated using the IgG Toxoplasma ELISA Kit, between October 2019 and August 2021. The obtained data were analyzed through univariable and multivariable regression models. Results. The seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii infection was obtained at 18.8%. In the multivariable logistic regression model, risk factors including age group of 11-30 (

OR
=
3.25

, 95% CI: 1.29-7.06), urban residency (

OR
=
4.36

, 95% CI: 2.9-6.3), students (

OR
=
3.76

, 95% CI: 1.88-4.53), and contact with cat (

OR
=
7.67

, 95% CI: 4.76-12.36) were significantly associated with seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii infection. Moreover, consumption of washed vegetables with salt or detergents decreases (

OR
=
0.14

, 95% CI: 0.09-0.23) the risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection. According to the results of the multivariable logistic regression, no significant association was observed between seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii and other risk factors. Conclusion. The results of this study indicated significant seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii infection in the population referred to rural and urban health care centers in Zahedan, Iran. Therefore, health programs should be considered for raising awareness regarding the risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in this region.
Development of a Risk Score Model for Osteosarcoma Based on DNA Methylation-Driven Differentially Expressed Genes
Authors: Kang Yuxiang , Li Guowang , Wang Guohua , Huo Zhenxin , Feng Xiangling , Du Lilong , Li Yongjin , Yang Qiang , Ma Xinlong , Yu Bingbing , Xu Baoshan
Published: May 2022

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the commonest malignant bone tumor in adolescent patients, and patients face amputation, tumor metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and even death. We investigated the potential connection between abnormal methylation differentially expressed genes and the survival rate of osteosarcoma patients. GSE36002 and GSE12865 datasets of GEO database were utilized for abnormal methylation differentially expressed genes, followed by function and pathway enrichment analyses, the protein-protein interaction network in the STRING database, and cluster analysis in the MCODE app of Cytoscape. The RNA-seq and clinical data from the TARGET-OS project of TCGA were used for univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses to predict the risk genes of osteosarcoma. 1191 hypermethylation-downregulated genes might function through plasma membrane, negative regulation of transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter, and pathways, including transcriptional misregulation in cancer. 127 hypomethylation-upregulated genes were enriched in proteolysis, negative regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and metabolic signaling pathways. The univariate Cox analysis revealed 638 genes (

P
<
0.01

), including 50 hypermethylation-downregulated genes and 4 hypomethylation-upregulated genes, subsequently based on LASSO Cox regression analysis for 54 aberrant methylation-driven genes, and three genes (COL13A1, MXI1, and TBRG1) were selected to construct the risk score model. The three genes (COL13A1, MXI1, and TBRG1) regulated by DNA methylation were identified to relate with the outcomes of OS patients, which might provide a new insight to the pathological mechanism of osteosarcoma.
Abrine Elicits Liver Carcinoma Immunity and Enhances Antitumor Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Blockade by Modulating PD-L1 Signaling
Authors: Zhang Shaowu
Published: May 2022

Background. Liver cancer is the most malignant type of human malignancies. In recent years, immune therapy that targets the immune check points such as programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has achieve great success. Abrine is the dominant alkaloid in Abrus cantoniensis and Abrus precatorius Linn. that exhibited anticancer effect. This work is aimed at studying the effects of abrine in immunity of liver cancer. Methods. Cell viability, proliferation, and migration were assessed by CCK-8, Edu, and Transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was checked by flow cytometry. Tumor growth was determined by an in vivo xenograft model. Quantitative real-time PCR assay was conducted to evaluate the levels of KAT5 and PD-L1. T cells and liver cancer cells were cocultured in a Transwell system, and the levels of PD-L1 and PD-1 was checked by flow cytometry. The interaction between KAT5 and PD-L1 was determined by ChIP assay. Results. Abrine treatment suppressed liver tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo and simultaneously decreased the level of PD-L1 and KAT5. In the coculture system, treatment with abrine inhibited proliferation and activity of cocultured T cell. KAT5 epigenetically elevated recruitment of H3k27ac and RNA polymerase II to PD-L1 promoter region. Ectopic expression of KAT5 and PD-L1 reversed the function of abrine on tumor growth and T cell function. Conclusion. Abrine modulated growth and apoptosis of liver cancer cells and regulated proliferation and activation of T cells through the KAT5/PD-L1 axis.
Social Media and Learning of English Language: A Study on the Undergraduate Students of Assam, India
Authors: Rezaul Karim Mohammad , Ali Mondal Soleman , Hussain Ashraful , Alam Mahbubul , Nazarieh Mehrdad
Published: May 2022

Social media plays an important role among the masses and students all over the world. Here, in this study, the main aim is to explore the role of social media among the undergraduate college-goers of Assam in learning English. The study covers the available social media platforms, such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Messenger, and IMO. For this purpose, the researchers imply a qualitative approach along with a survey method, which includes a questionnaire on the web. It has four parts, namely access to ICT tools, competency to use social media, elements influencing the use of social media, and the perceptions of the English language when they use social media. It is distributed to the undergraduate students in the form of Google Forms through WhatsApp. The findings indicated that the students learn new things and gather new knowledge using social media. According to the result, social media plays an important role, and it helps them improve all their skills in the English language. Hence, the learners may be encouraged to engage themselves to use social media in English to master it and improve their proficiency.
A Hybrid Harmony Search Algorithm with Distribution Estimation for Solving the 0-1 Knapsack Problem
Authors: Liu Kang , Ouyang Haibin , Li Steven , Gao Liqun
Published: May 2022

Many optimization algorithms have been applied to solve high-dimensional instances of the 0-1 knapsack problem. However, these algorithms often fall into a local optimization trap and thus fail to obtain the global optimal solutions. To circumvent this shortcoming, a hybrid harmony search algorithm with distribution estimation is proposed in this paper. A few important features of the proposed algorithm are as follows: (i) the idea of probability distribution estimation is employed to design the adaptive search strategy, (ii) a fixed improvisation process is presented to improve the algorithm searching ability, (iii) a new method of initialization is used to ensure that the initialization is feasible harmony and (iv) an improved remediation approach is proposed to effectively repair the infeasible solutions. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, some experiments are carried out. The experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm is a reliable and promising alternative for solving the 0-1 knapsack problem.
Fundamental Results about the Fractional Integro-Differential Equation Described with Caputo Derivative
Authors: Sene Ndolane
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of the mild solution of the fractional integro-differential with the nonlocal initial condition described by the Caputo fractional operator. Note that here the order of the Caputo derivative satisfies the condition that

α
∈

1
,
2

. The existence of

α

-resolvent operator in Banach space and fixed point theorem has been utilized in the proof of the existence of the mild solution. We have established in this paper the Hyers-Ulam stability of the mild solution of the considered fractional integro-differential equation. An illustrative example has been provided to support the main findings of the paper.
The Construction of Interactive Classrooms in Colleges and Universities Based on Big Data Analysis and Benchmark Graph Neural Network
Authors: Shen Peipei
Published: May 2022

In the 21st century, big data technology is bringing unprecedented changes to all walks of life. In the era of big data, new technologies, new models, and education and teaching practices are constantly looking for the best combination. Words such as interactive classroom and teaching informatization are undergoing a process of continuous enrichment of their own content with the update of new technologies and the realization of various applications. The methods of online teaching are merging with the conventional teaching practice of universities. Interactive classroom is the representative of combining the advantages of webcasting technology with classroom teaching. It uses video and audio acquisition and coding technology, C4.5 algorithm, to calculate and transmit data and analyzes information entropy-related concepts, etc., to transmit interactive classroom teaching to various spaces. This has increased students’ interest in learning by nearly 50%, and teachers’ evaluation scores for students have also increased to nearly twice, which shows the impact of interactive classrooms on students’ self-drive. The key to the classroom does not refer to long distances, to break time and space, or to the expansion of learning groups and the unlimited sharing of educational resources. It should be the learner’s self-cognition and the barrier-free interaction with the teacher, which have been reflected in the interactive classroom.
Fault-Tolerant Secure Routing Based on Trust Evaluation Model in Data Center Networks
Authors: Liu Ningning , Fan Weibei , Fan Jianxi , Zheng Hui
Published: May 2022

With the rise of cloud computing technology, the whole information technology industry has undergone dramatic changes. Large-scale computing and the growing demand for computing power from large data have made it impossible for traditional data center network topology construction methods and network layer operation control methods with good stability to meet the requirements of technological development. The topology of a data center network is usually characterized as an undirected graph, and graph algorithms are used to implement communication patterns in complex network structures. However, the routing algorithms proposed earlier for graphs cannot be applied to all topological graphs. Based on the comprehensive interactive trust evaluation network security model, this study analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of relevant algorithms and proposes a fault-tolerant routing algorithm suitable for all networks. The algorithm can dynamically call different algorithms according to the number of current nodes and links. From the simulation results, it can be found that the algorithm not only improves the accuracy and fault tolerance but also effectively reduces the loss of time and memory.
Design of a Power Transmission Line Monitoring System Based upon Edge Computing and Zigbee Wireless Communication
Authors: Hou Jianxun , Guo Hao , Wang Shengwei , Zeng Cheng , Hu Haoqing , Wang Feihong
Published: May 2022

Transmission line detection is a magic weapon to protect power safety, and it plays an irreplaceable role in stabilizing electricity use. However, the detection of transmission lines contains complex objects and rich content, which puts forward a new test for the accurate identification and power consumption of the monitoring. The advantages of Zigbee wireless communication technology are low energy consumption, simple operation, and strong cost control. It is a key to cracking the high energy consumption of transmission line detection. Edge computing is a supplement to cloud computing. It has the characteristics of low bandwidth and low latency, which is conducive to cracking the complex scenarios of wireless monitoring. This article was aimed at studying and designing a monitoring system for transmission lines to ensure the orderly operation of remote monitoring of transmission lines. This paper proposes to use Zigbee wireless communication as the core and integrate edge computing to construct a wireless transmission line sensing system to form a remote transmission line detection system. This paper builds a detection system, systematically tested the system’s energy consumption, anti-interference, fault monitoring recall, and system accuracy, and evaluated the overall operation of the system as a whole. The experimental results in this paper show that the monitoring and attraction of transmission lines can effectively reduce the risk of circuit failure by 20%.
Capture Rate of V(D)J Sequencing for Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hultcrantz Malin , Rustad Even H. , Yellapantula Venkata , Jacob Allison , Akhlaghi Theresia , Korde Neha , Mailankody Sham , Lesokhin Alexander M. , Hassoun Hani , Smith Eric L. , Lahoud Oscar B. , Landau Heather J. , Shah Gunjan L. , Scordo Michael , Chung David J. , Giralt Sergio , Papaemmanuil Elli , Landgren Ola
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity is a strong predictor for outcome in multiple myeloma. To assess V(D)J clonotype capture using the updated Adaptive next-generation sequencing (NGS) MRD assay in a clinical setting, we analyzed baseline and follow-up samples from patients with multiple myeloma who achieved deep clinical responses.

Experimental Design:

A total of 159 baseline and 31 follow-up samples from patients with multiple myeloma were sequenced using the NGS MRD assay. Baseline samples were also sequenced using a targeted multiple myeloma panel (myTYPE). We estimated ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for clonotypes detection using logistic regression.

Results:

The V(D)J clonotype capture rate was 93% in baseline samples with detectable genomic aberrations, indicating presence of tumor DNA, assessed through myTYPE. myTYPE-positive samples had significantly higher V(D)J clonotype detection rates in univariate (OR, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.8–22.6) and multivariate analysis (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.4–16.9; P = 0.016). Higher disease burden was associated with higher probability of V(D)J clonotype capture, meanwhile no such association was found for age, gender, or type of heavy or light immunoglobulin chain. All V(D)J clonotypes detected at baseline were detected in MRD-positive samples indicating that the V(D)J clonotypes remained stable and did not undergo further rearrangements during follow-up. Of the 31 posttreatment samples, 12 were MRD-negative using the NGS MRD assay.

Conclusions:

NGS for V(D)J rearrangements in multiple myeloma offers a reliable and sensitive method for MRD tracking with high detection rates in the clinical setting.
Antitumor Activity of a Mitochondrial-Targeted HSP90 Inhibitor in Gliomas
Authors: Wei Shiyou , Yin Delong , Yu Shengnan , Lin Xiang , Savani Milan R. , Du Kuang , Ku Yin , Wu Di , Li Shasha , Liu Hao , Tian Meng , Chen Yaohui , Bowie Michelle , Hariharan Seethalakshmi , Waitkus Matthew , Keir Stephen T. , Sugarman Eric T. , Deek Rebecca A. , Labrie Marilyne , Khasraw Mustafa , Lu Yiling , Mills Gordon B. , Herlyn Meenhard , Wu Kongming , Liu Lunxu , Wei Zhi , Flaherty Keith T. , Abdullah Kalil , Zhang Gao , Ashley David M.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

To investigate the antitumor activity of a mitochondrial-localized HSP90 inhibitor, Gamitrinib, in multiple glioma models, and to elucidate the antitumor mechanisms of Gamitrinib in gliomas.

Experimental Design:

A broad panel of primary and temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant human glioma cell lines were screened by cell viability assays, flow cytometry, and crystal violet assays to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Gamitrinib. Seahorse assays were used to measure the mitochondrial respiration of glioma cells. Integrated analyses of RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) data were performed to reveal the potential antitumor mechanisms of Gamitrinib. Neurospheres, patient-derived organoids (PDO), cell line–derived xenografts (CDX), and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models were generated to further evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Gamitrinib.

Results:

Gamitrinib inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and death in 17 primary glioma cell lines, 6 TMZ-resistant glioma cell lines, 4 neurospheres, and 3 PDOs. Importantly, Gamitrinib significantly delayed the tumor growth and improved survival of mice in both CDX and PDX models in which tumors were either subcutaneously or intracranially implanted. Integrated computational analyses of RNAseq and RPPA data revealed that Gamitrinib exhibited its antitumor activity via (i) suppressing mitochondrial biogenesis, OXPHOS, and cell-cycle progression and (ii) activating the energy-sensing AMP-activated kinase, DNA damage, and stress response.

Conclusions:

These preclinical findings established the therapeutic role of Gamitrinib in gliomas and revealed the inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis and tumor bioenergetics as the primary antitumor mechanisms in gliomas.
TGF-β-Induced FLRT3 Attenuation Is Essential for Cancer-Associated Fibroblast–Mediated Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yang Mengdi , Li Dan , Jiang Zhiyuan , Li Changcan , Ji Suyuan , Sun Jing , Chang Yujie , Ruan Shunyi , Wang Zhiyu , Liang Rui , Dai Xueyu , Li Bin , Zhao Hui
Published: May 2022

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) constitute a major component of the tumor microenvironment. The effects of CAFs on the progression of colorectal cancer remain controversial. In this study, we found the ectopic overexpression of Fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane protein 3 (FLRT3) inhibited the process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promote apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells, whereas silencing FLRT3 expression resulted in the opposite phenomenon. FLRT3 downregulation was associated with a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Also, FLRT3 expression was significantly related to some clinicopathologic factors, including T stage (P = 0.037), N stage (P = 0.042), and E-cadherin (P = 0.002) level. Via univariate and multivariate analyses, M stage (P < 0.0001), FLRT3 (P = 0.044), and E-cadherin (P = 0.003) were associated with overall survival and were independent prognostic factors for it. Mechanistically, CAFs secreted TGF-β, which downregulated FLRT3 expression by activating SMAD4 to promote aggressive phenotypes in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, FLRT3 repressed tumorigenesis and lung metastasis, which could be reversed by LY2109761, a dual inhibitor of TGF-β receptor type I and II. Treatment with LY2109761 increased IFN-γ expression in CD8+ T cells and reduced the number of regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, we revealed the metastasis-suppressive function of FLRT3, which was attenuated during the CAFs-mediated activation of the TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway to promote EMT in colorectal cancer. LY2109761 that significantly inhibited metastasis could be a new treatment option for advanced colorectal cancer.

Implications:

CAFs enhance colorectal cancer aggressiveness by reducing FLRT3 expression through activating TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling pathway. CAF-targeted therapy and/or LY2109761 were promising treatments for colorectal cancer.
Cancer Stem Cells, not Bulk Tumor Cells, Determine Mechanisms of Resistance to SMO Inhibitors
Authors: George Joshy , Chen Yaohui , Abdelfattah Nourhan , Yamamoto Keiko , Gallup Thomas D. , Adamson Scott I. , Rybinski Brad , Srivastava Anuj , Kumar Parveen , Lee Min Gyu , Baskin David S. , Jiang Wen , Choi Jong Min , Flavahan William , Chuang Jeffrey H. , Kim Betty Y.S. , Xu Jiaqiong , Jung Sung Yun , Yun Kyuson
Published: May 2022

The emergence of treatment resistance significantly reduces the clinical utility of many effective targeted therapies. Although both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance have been reported, whether these mechanisms are stochastically selected in individual tumors or governed by a predictable underlying principle is unknown. Here, we report that the dependence of cancer stem cells (CSC), not bulk tumor cells, on the targeted pathway determines the molecular mechanism of resistance in individual tumors. Using both spontaneous and transplantable mouse models of sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma treated with a SHH/Smoothened inhibitor (SMOi), sonidegib/LDE225, we show that genetic-based resistance occurs only in tumors that contain SHH-dependent CSCs. In contrast, SHH medulloblastomas containing SHH-dependent bulk tumor cells but SHH-independent CSCs (SI-CSC) acquire resistance through epigenetic reprogramming. Mechanistically, elevated proteasome activity in SMOi-resistant SI-CSC medulloblastomas alters the tumor cell maturation trajectory through enhanced degradation of specific epigenetic regulators, including histone acetylation machinery components, resulting in global reductions in H3K9Ac, H3K14Ac, H3K56Ac, H4K5Ac, and H4K8Ac marks and gene expression changes. These results provide new insights into how selective pressure on distinct tumor cell populations contributes to different mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies. This insight provides a new conceptual framework to understand responses and resistance to SMOis and other targeted therapies.

Significance:

The mechanism by which individual tumors become resistant to targeted therapies is thought to be unpredictable. This study provides novel insights into how selective pressure on cancer stem versus bulk tumor cells drives distinct and predictable mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies. This finding paves a way for future treatment strategies that incorporate anticipated resistance mechanisms in devising second-line therapies in a personalized manner.
Linseninduzierte Uveitis bei einem Patienten mit hypermaturer Katarakt
Authors: Bievel-Rădulescu Raluca , Tăbăcaru Bogdana , Tudor Stanca Horia
Published: May 2022

Ziel: Unser Beitrag soll einen ungewöhnlichen Fall von phakogener Uveitis mit sekundärem Glaukom nach spontaner Ruptur der Linsenkapsel bei einem Patienten mit hypermaturer altersbedingter Katarakt darlegen, seine Besonderheiten beschreiben und die Klassifizierung der linseninduzierten Uveitis überprüfen. Methoden: Wir beschrieben den Fall eines 83-jährigen Mannes mit einer Vorgeschichte von hypermaturer Katarakt, der sich in unserer Klinik wegen Schmerzen am rechten Auge vorstellte. Die Untersuchung ergab eine Nebenhöhlenverstopfung, ein diffuses Hornhautödem, in der Vorderkammer schwebende Linsenreste, Pseudohypopyon und die Trübung der gesamten Linse. Ein erhöhter Augeninnendruck war ebenfalls assoziiert. Wir haben keine Vorgeschichte einer früheren intraokularen Operation oder eines Traumas beobachtet. Ergebnisse: Wir diagnostizierten den Fall als phakogene Uveitis mit sekundärem Glaukom und planten, den Entzündungsauslöser, nämlich die Linse und ihre Fragmente, mit der geeignetsten Technik zu entfernen, um die Entzündung und die Iodspitzen zu kontr­ollieren, die Schmerzen zu lindern und die Sehfunktion und Lebensqualität des Patienten zu verbessern. Schlussfolgerungen: Die phakogene Uveitis kann eine trübe Hornhaut und eine trübe Vorderkammer aufweisen, die eine Endophthalmitis nachahmt. Sorgfältige Untersuchung, Anamnese und ergänzende Untersuchungen sind hilfreich bei der Erstellung einer genauen Diagnose und die entsprechende Behandlung kann die Entzündung vollständig reduzieren oder beseitigen, den Augen­-innendruck verringern und in der Lage sein, je nach den Besonderheiten des Falles, einen Gewinn an Sehkraft zu ermöglichen.
Harun Farocki: Programando o Visível
Authors: Almeida Jane de ,   Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Patrícia Moran  ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Arantes Priscila ,   Paço das Artes
Published: May 2022

A parceria entre o CINUSP e o Paço das Artes, tendo como elo a promoção de exposições e mostras de artistas fundamentais no cenário artístico nacional e internacional, tal como a obra de Harun Farocki, originou o volume 11 da Coleção CINUSP, tendo como título Programando o visível. O cineasta e artista alemão Farocki expressa os anseios de reflexão, de união de esforços institucionais que engrandecem a referida parceria. Esta publicação, com textos de pesquisadores fundamentais sobre a obra de Harun Farocki, possibilita um mergulho na obra do artista que soube transitar como ninguém entre o cinema e a arte contemporânea. Os organizadores da obra esperam ampliar a bibliografia em língua portuguesa sobre a obra de Farocki, além de contribuir com uma reflexão nacional. Harun Farocki representa uma oportunidade de cruzar as fronteiras do cinema e da arte canônicos, pensando a criação contemporânea para além de sua materialidade e de seu suporte final. A união CINUSP e Paço, neste projeto, expressa o salutar atravessamento de fronteiras.
Understanding Baseline Physical Activity in Cardiac Rehabilitation Enrollees Using Mobile Health Technologies
Authors: Golbus Jessica R. , Gupta Kashvi , Stevens Rachel , Jeganathan V. Swetha , Luff Evan , Boyden Thomas , Mukherjee Bhramar , Klasnja Predrag , Kheterpal Sachin , Kohnstamm Sarah , Nallamothu Brahmajee K.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Baseline physical activity in patients when they initiate cardiac rehabilitation is poorly understood. We used mobile health technology to understand baseline physical activity of patients initiating cardiac rehabilitation within a clinical trial to potentially inform personalized care.

Methods:

The VALENTINE (Virtual Application-Supported Environment to Increase Exercise During Cardiac Rehabilitation Study) is a prospective, randomized-controlled, remotely administered trial designed to evaluate a mobile health intervention to supplement cardiac rehabilitation for low- and moderate-risk patients. All participants receive a smartwatch and usual care. Baseline physical activity was assessed remotely after enrollment and included (1) 6-minute walk distance, (2) daily step count, and (3) daily exercise minutes, both over 7 days and for compliant days, defined by
>
8 hours of watch wear time. Multivariable linear regression identified patient-level features associated with these 3 measures of baseline physical activity.

Results:

From October 2020 to March 2022, 220 participants enrolled in the study. Participants are mostly White (184 [83.6%]); 67 (30.5%) are female and 84 (38.2%) are
>
65 years old. Most participants enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention (105 [47.7%]) or coronary artery bypass surgery (39 [17.7 %]). Clinical diagnoses include coronary artery disease (78.6%), heart failure (17.3%), and valve repair or replacement (26.4%). Baseline mean 6-minute walk distance was 489.6 (SD, 143.4) meters, daily step count was 6845 (SD, 3353), and exercise minutes was 37.5 (SD, 33.5). In a multivariable model, 6-minute walk distance was significantly associated with age and sex, but not cardiac rehabilitation indication. Sex but not age or cardiac rehabilitation indication was significantly associated with daily step count and exercise minutes.

Conclusions:

Baseline physical activity varies substantially in low- and moderate-risk patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation. Future studies are warranted to explore whether personalizing cardiac rehabilitation programs using mobile health technologies could optimize recovery.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04587882
Comment on Paolo Euron’s “Uncanny Beauty: Aesthetics of Companionship, Love, and Sex Robots”
Authors: Arnold Thomas
Published: May 2022

Paolo Euron’s “Uncanny Beauty: Aesthetics of Companionship, Love, and Sex Robots” lays out a vision for appreciating sex robots in aesthetic terms, centering the concept of “beauty” as a measure of what they can inspire culturally and existentially. In these comments I turn toward the field of human-robot interaction and the ethical challenges that inhabit the core of such an aesthetic turn.