bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Role of Trust in Shaping Children's Approaches to Peer Dialogue
Authors: James Jennifer Hauver , Kobe Jessica F. , Zhao Xiaoying
Published: September 2022

Background/Context

Research reveals that peer dialogue can contribute to improved cognitive ability and reasoning, increased tolerance for difference, and appreciation for talk as a means of problem solving. When invited to participate in such dialogue, however, not all children do, and often, degrees of engagement reflect demographic patterns.

Purpose

The researchers sought to understand what shapes students’ decisions about if and how to engage in peer dialogue.

Research Design

This exploratory study examined children's approaches to a deliberative dialogue session with their peers in which they were tasked with reaching consensus about how to spend money allotted for playground equipment.

Data Collection and Analysis

Data included interview transcripts from conversations held with 18 children (aged 9–11) prior to their participation in the session. Transcripts underwent an iterative process of inductive and deductive coding.

Findings/Results

The authors detail several differing goals children held as they prepared for dialogue and explain how those goals shaped the roles they intended to assume. They then explore children's assessments of their peers’ trustworthiness—a powerful indicator of if and how they would participate.

Conclusions/Recommendations

The authors discuss avenues for further research and suggest that given the critical role of trust in children's approaches to dialogue, educators should take seriously the responsibility of creating spaces in which all children feel they can take the risks necessary to learn.
Individual and Institutional Factors of Applied STEM Coursetaking in High School
Authors: Sublett Cameron , Gottfried Michael A.
Published: September 2022

Background/Context

One approach to address the shortage of STEM-proficient high school graduates has been the development of applied STEM coursework, which seeks to increase STEM interest and retention by illustrating the interconnectedness and accessibility of STEM concepts. Importantly, however, no research has yet examined which student and institutional factors are associated with applied STEM coursetaking.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of the Study

The current study poses three questions: (a) What student factors are related to applied STEM coursetaking in high school? (b) What school factors are related to applied STEM coursetaking in high school? (c) How is the influence of these factors different based on the timing of course taken?

Population/Participants/Subjects

This study uses data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002. ELS:2002 provides complete transcript data for ∼ 90% of the students in the sample. Importantly, parent and teacher questionnaires were also gathered in the base year of the study. ELS:2002, therefore, represents a rich, nationally representative multilevel dataset with complete student coursetaking records along with parent, teacher, and school administrator data.

Research Design

This study relies on secondary data analyses and a series of logistic and multinomial logistic regression models. There were four key outcome variables, including: (a) a binary indicator of enrollment in at least one applied STEM course during high school, (b) a binary measure of whether a student had enrolled in at least one SRE-specific applied STEM course, (c) a binary measure of whether a student had enrolled in at least one IT-specific applied STEM course. To construct the fourth and final outcome variable, we divided applied STEM coursetaking into three categories: early, late, and never.

Findings

The findings for the first research question suggested that women were significantly less likely to enroll in applied STEM courses. The findings for the second research question suggested that institutional factors were only weakly related to applied STEM enrollment. The findings for the third research question did not suggest major trends in when students enrolled in applied STEM. Rather, it appears that students enroll in applied STEM courses throughout high school.

Conclusions/Recommendations

This study illustrated that rather than increasing the number of traditionally underrepresented student groups in STEM, applied STEM courses may be contributing to the much-discussed “gender gap” in STEM education. Policymakers and school leaders must examine the mechanisms behind this stratification; future research should explore, perhaps through qualitative inquiry, why women and students with disabilities choose to not take these courses.
What do I want to be? Predictors of communal occupational aspirations in early to middle childhood
Authors: Olsen Marte , Olsson Maria I. T. , Parks-Stamm Elizabeth J. , Kvalø Marie , Thorsteinsen Kjærsti , Steffens Melanie C. , Martiny Sarah E.
Published: September 2022

Research investigating occupational aspirations in childhood is scarce. In addition, most research on occupational aspirations has focused on increasing the number of women in agentic jobs. In the present work, we investigate factors associated with communal occupational aspirations in two studies with young children (Study 1: 159 children [84 boys, 75 girls], Mage = 5.51 years, SD = 0.37; Study 2: 96 children [48 boys, 48 girls]; Mage = 9.44 years, SD = 1.91). We found gender differences in communal aspirations only among the older children. In both samples, as well as when combining the two samples, the stronger the communal occupational gender stereotypes children reported, the less boys (and the more girls) aspired toward communal occupations. In the combined sample, communal self-perceptions mediated the relationship between child gender and occupational aspirations. Finally, the perceived status of the occupations was positively associated with communal aspirations among older children.
The Limits of Change Agency: Establishing a Peripheral University Campus in East Tyrol
Authors: Eder Jakob , Döringer Stefanie
Published: September 2022

Many peripheral regions aim to upgrade their knowledge base by attracting universities to increase their competitiveness, but also to tackle emigration and demographic ageing. However, the successful implementation of a peripheral university campus is challenging. Usually, generous public financial support is necessary, putting pressure on locations that do not develop as intended. Hence, the setup of the regional place leadership and the different forms of agency are crucial. Drawing on in-depth interviews, this paper provides a case study based on the Technik Campus Lienz, a peripheral satellite campus in East Tyrol/Austria, which has failed to meet the expectations of regional and extra-regional policymakers. It identifies different phases of agency and develops a framework of agentic and structural misalignments, providing important insights for peripheral regions with similar ambitions.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a comprehensive education on low back pain treatment outcomes: A controlled clinical study
Authors: Kanaan Saddam F. , Alhendi Zainab M. , Almhdawi Khader A. , Aldahamsheh Zaid , Ismail Noor , Khalil Hanan
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To investigate the effect of integrating an individualized, evidence-based low back pain comprehensive education package on low back pain treatment outcomes.

Design

Single-blind, controlled clinical study using the alternate allocation of patients.

Setting

Outpatient clinic.

Subjects

In total, 54 participants with chronic low back pain (46.75 ± 11.11 years, 80% females) were randomized to intervention ( n = 27) or a control group ( n = 27).

Intervention

The intervention group received additional four one-hour low back pain-related education sessions to eight 45 minutesstandard physical therapy sessions over 4 weeks.

Outcome measures

Assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 months. Outcome measures included pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), knowledge (Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire), attitude (the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire), disability (the Oswestry Disability Index), mental health symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS-21 scale), and fear-avoidance (Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire).

Results

The intervention group showed significantly lower pain intensity ((4 weeks (3.58 ± 1.50 vs. 5.54 ± 1.92), 3 months (3.21 ± 1.74 vs. 5.69 ± 2.51)), higher knowledge ((4 weeks (21.67 ± 2.12 vs. 11.62 ± 3.47), three months (22.08 ± 3.40 vs. 12.23 ± 3.24)), lower negative attitudes ((4 weeks (99.29 ± 11.02 vs. 134.31 ± 12.97), 3 months (102.92 ± 15.58 vs. 132.42 ± 17.79)), lower disability ((4 weeks (26.30 ± 11.37 vs. 45.14 ± 18.67), 3 months (22.83 ± 16.06 vs. 44.13 ± 15.02)), lower stress score ((4 weeks (3.54 ± 3.01 vs. 8.81 ± 5.19), 3 months (3.21 ± 3.22 vs. 7.21 ± 4.36)), lower anxiety ((4 weeks (2.63 ± 3.16 vs. 6.42 ± 4.75), three months (2.63 ± 3.80 vs. 5.73 ± 4.44)), lower depression ((4 weeks (2.42 ± 2.15 vs. 6.42 ± 3.68), three months (2.63 ± 4.18 vs. 7.08 ± 4.41)), and lower fear-avoidance ((4 weeks (13.88 ± 12.32 vs. 50.88 ± 23.25), three months (15.50 ± 16.75 vs. 54.65 ± 31.81)).

Conclusion

Integrating low back pain comprehensive education into standard physical therapy might optimize the treatment outcomes of low back pain.
Reduced brain oxygen metabolism in patients with multiple sclerosis: Evidence from dual-calibrated functional MRI
Authors: Chandler Hannah L , Stickland Rachael C , Patitucci Eleonora , Germuska Michael , Chiarelli Antonio M , Foster Catherine , Bhome-Dhaliwal Shona , Lancaster Thomas M , Saxena Neeraj , Khot Sharmila , Tomassini Valentina , Wise Richard G
Published: September 2022

Cerebral energy deficiency is increasingly recognised as an important feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). Until now, we have lacked non-invasive imaging methods to quantify energy utilisation and mitochondrial function in the human brain. Here, we used novel dual-calibrated functional magnetic resonance imaging (dc-fMRI) to map grey-matter (GM) deoxy-haemoglobin sensitive cerebral blood volume (CBVdHb), cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) in patients with MS (PwMS) and age/sex matched controls. By integrating a flow-diffusion model of oxygen transport, we evaluated the effective oxygen diffusivity of the capillary network (DC) and the partial pressure of oxygen at the mitochondria (PmO2). Significant between-group differences were observed as decreased CBF ( p = 0.010), CMRO2 ( p < 0.001) and DC ( p = 0.002), and increased PmO2 ( p = 0.043) in patients compared to controls. No significant differences were observed for CBVdHb ( p = 0.389), OEF ( p = 0.358), or GM volume ( p = 0.302). Regional analysis showed widespread reductions in CMRO2 and DC for PwMS. Our findings may be indicative of reduced oxygen demand or utilisation in the MS brain and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results suggest changes in brain physiology may precede MRI-detectable GM loss and may contribute to disease progression and neurodegeneration.
Long-term Natural History of Unrepaired Stable Ramp Lesions: A Retrospective Analysis of 28 Patients With a Minimum Follow-up of 20 Years
Authors: Tuphé Pierre , Foissey Constant , Unal Pauline , Vieira Thais Dutra , Chambat Pierre , Fayard Jean-Marie , Thaunat Mathieu
Published: September 2022

Background:

There is a lack of consensus about whether stable ramp lesions associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries need to be repaired.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how many stable ramp lesions left in situ during ACL reconstruction (ACLR) have subsequently failed after >20 years of follow-up. We hypothesized that ACL-reconstructed knees with ramp lesions left in situ without repair have a high risk of meniscal failure over the long term.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

All patients who underwent arthroscopic ACLR by a single experienced surgeon between January 1998 and December 2000 were evaluated retrospectively. Included were all cases of longitudinal tears in the meniscocapsular junction or the red zone of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus that were left in situ and identified through the anterior portals. Successful anterior probing confirmed a meniscal tear of the posterior segment. A lesion was considered stable if it was ≤2 cm and did not extend beyond the lower pole of the femoral condyle. The following data were collected preoperatively and at the last follow-up: demographics, time to surgery, side-to-side laxity, pivot shift, Lysholm score, subjective International Knee Documentation Committee score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Tegner activity scale, and meniscal failure rate. We defined 2 groups based on our findings: medial meniscal failure versus no medial meniscal failure.

Results:

A total of 716 knees underwent primary ACLR during this period. The 39 (5.4%) stable unrepaired ramp lesions identified were included in the case series. Mean ± standard deviation follow-up was 262.1 ± 10.5 months. Eleven patients (28%) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining patients, 8 (28.6%) had a medial meniscal failure, of which 6 (21.4%) were bucket-handle tears. The average time elapsed before complications was 87.8 ± 52 months (range, 6-156 months). The medial meniscal survival rate was 93% at 5 years, 75% at 10 years, and 71% at 15 and 20 years. The failure event mainly happened between 96 and 120 months (8 and 10 years) after ACLR. No risk factors for failure were found, but some trends appeared, such as older age, higher body mass index, and preoperative rotational instability. All postoperative scores were significantly improved at the last follow-up ( P < .0001); 16 patients (57%) returned to their sport of choice.

Conclusion:

With nearly one-third of patients developing meniscal complications, including a large share of bucket-handle tears and mostly occurring 8 years after the ACLR, it may not be wise to leave stable ramp lesions unrepaired.
A Buyout Displacement Index for Uncovering the Effects of Disinvestment in Greater Houston Watersheds
Authors: Nance Earthea , Smith Sheri L. , Thapa Jiwan Pun , Powers Liza T.
Published: September 2022

Buyouts mitigate the impacts of flood hazards and climate change. Previous research finds buyouts are concentrated in socially vulnerable areas nationally, and in the Houston area, buyouts have contributed to white flight to the suburbs. The effect of buyouts on equity in urban development is understudied. Existing literature overlooks the fact that buyouts are used strategically and may only nominally be a response to risk. This paper examines buyout inequity in the Houston area by mapping the geographical distribution of buyouts against demographic data and by developing a buyout displacement index to reveal the impact of buyouts in high-risk watersheds.
Sexual and Dating Violence Bystander Intervention Programs within Institutions of Higher Education: Strategies for Research and Practice
Authors: Moschella-Smith Elizabeth A. , Moynihan Mary M. , Stapleton Jane G.
Published: September 2022

This article presents strategies to promote researcher-practitioner collaborations in the development and evaluation of bystander intervention programs that address sexual and dating violence (SDV) at Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs). The benefits of practitioner partnerships with researchers are reviewed. We then review examples of researcher-practitioner collaborations to develop, implement, and evaluate bystander programs. Suggestions are also offered for researcher-practitioner collaborators to engage survivors of SDV and overlooked populations, such as racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual minorities, as ways to promote diversity. Lastly, we provide guidelines for researcher-practitioner collaborations to engage bystanders based on the lessons learned from these collaborations within and around the IHE community.
Campus Sexual Violence Prevention and Response: Lessons from a Pandemic to Inform Future Efforts
Authors: Potter Sharyn J. , Moschella-Smith Elizabeth A. , Lynch Michelle
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic forced institutions of higher education to transition and work in ways that were new and innovative. Even though most colleges and universities transitioned to a virtual platform, the issues that students face continued, including sexual violence (SV). For many campus prevention and response professionals, reaching students during the pandemic posed unique challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic began when the project team was 18-months into a 4-year grant to administer and evaluate the efficacy of a SV prevention and response app, uSafeUS®, at 15 4-year colleges. In this paper, we describe the transition of engaging students with the app in traditional in-person settings to remote and hybrid learning settings. The project team, in collaboration with the campus partners, devised new ways to use the app to support victims of SV and their allies, along with campus professionals in their efforts to support students. These efforts included changes to collaboration (e.g., virtual platforms) and student engagement strategies. We describe how the lessons learned from this transition are important for continuing to engage campus communities in SV prevention and response, even as campuses slowly transitioned back to hybrid and in-person activities. The knowledge gained from this transition are attributable to an ongoing and open collaboration between campus practitioners and the project team.
The Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence and Unintended Pregnancy: Eastern Sub Saharan African Countries’ Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Muluneh Muluken Dessalegn , Francis Lyn , Agho Kingsley , Stulz Virginia
Published: September 2022

Intimate partner violence (IPV) adversely affects female reproductive health in various ways. Similarly, it plays a critical role in women’s unintended pregnancy. This study examines the relationship between IPV and unintended pregnancy in Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. This study uses data from the nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in six Eastern African SSA countries. The original sample size was restricted to ever married (or cohabitating) women of reproductive age who completed the survey’s Domestic Violence Module and had a pregnancy in the previous 5 years. Svyset proportion was used to estimate the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the study outcomes and multiple logistic regression was used to compare outcomes of last pregnancy by exposure to lifetime IPV committed by the most recent partner. The prevalence of unintended pregnancy in Eastern SSA was 38% [36.4, 40.34] among married women with high disparity among countries. This prevalence was 45% [42.05, 48.15] and 55% [50.0, 59.87] among women who had experienced any form of IPV and sexual violence, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, women with a history of sexual violence had a higher risk of unintended pregnancy [AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.33] and increased odds of unintended pregnancy for women who had more than five living children [AOR: 4.93, 95% CI: 3.40, 7.15], women who lived in rural residences [AOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.90], and women who reported they had financial barriers for health care [AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.64]. Our findings suggest that IPV, particularly sexual violence, is a key player for higher risk of unintended pregnancy in Eastern SSA countries. This study highlights the need for developing programs and implementation of policies that integrate sexual reproductive health and IPV to reduce unintended pregnancy among married and single women.
Crafting Work Happiness: Balancing Client Agency & Empowerment With Critical Social Awareness
Authors: Owler Kathryn
Published: September 2022

Job crafting is a method taught by career developers and coaches to workers to help them achieve greater happiness in their jobs. Given its agentic, bottom-up approach, job crafting has become closely aligned with positive psychology. While offering empowerment benefits, job crafting has limitations. Given its almost exclusive focus on individual freedom and control, there is little attention paid to the social context, including structural operations of power within an advanced capitalist economy. Three social science critiques of positive psychology and job crafting are examined, with reference to contemporary career development theory. Practical suggestions are made for how career developers might address these social science critiques to best meet diverse client needs. This involves upholding a commitment to client agency and empowerment, whilst developing and maintaining a critical social awareness. Implications for research on job crafting are also discussed.
Youth Perceptions of Their Futures, Society, and the Work Landscape: A Psychology of Working Perspective
Authors: Kenny Maureen E. , Cinamon Rachel Gali , Medvide Mary Beth , Ran Galia , Davila Alekzander , Dobkin Revital , Erby Whitney
Published: September 2022

In recognition of growing economic inequality and rapid transformation in the world of work, we seek to understand how young people perceive their futures to develop career development education that supports both personal goals and promotes social and economic justice. Thirty-six students attending high-performing high schools in the United States ( n = 19) and Israel ( n = 17) were interviewed to assess their espoused future plans and conceptions of work and society. Consistent with the psychology of working theory, students' plans were reflective of the social, economic, national, and historical contexts in which they are embedded. US and Israeli students expressed optimism and anxieties about their futures, along with recognition of social and economic inequalities and limited motivation and awareness of how to effect social change. The findings are discussed with regard to implications for career development education and the promotion of social and economic justice.
Vancomycin With Concomitant Piperacillin/Tazobactam vs. Cefepime or Meropenem Associated Acute Kidney Injury in General Ward Patients: A Multicenter Propensity Score-Matched Study
Authors: Komerdelj Ivan A. , Buckley Mitchell S. , D’Alessio Paul A. , Ziadat Delia S. , Kobic Emir , Rangan Pooja , Agarwal Sumit K. , Tinta Nicole C. , Yerondopoulos Melanie J. , Kane-Gill Sandra L.
Published: September 2022

Background: Concurrent administration of vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam (VAN+PTZ) may increase the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients. Comprehensive characterization of VAN+PTZ associated AKI and recovery patterns remains lacking in previous reports. Objective: To compare the incidence of AKI associated with VAN+PTZ compared to either cefepime (CEF) or meropenem (MER) with VAN in adult general ward patients. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, propensity score cohort study was conducted in non-critically ill adult patients. Included patients were concurrently administered VAN+PTZ or VAN+CEF/MER. Patients developing AKI ≤48 hours following combination therapy were excluded. The primary endpoint was to compare the incidence of AKI between study groups. Multivariable Cox regression modeling in predicting AKI was also conducted. Results: A total of 3199 patients met inclusion criteria and were evaluated. The incidence of AKI in VAN+PTZ and VAN+CEF/MER groups were 16.4% and 8.7%, respectively ( P < .001). The onset to AKI was 1.8 days earlier with VAN+PTZ compared to VAN+CEF/MER ( P < .001). Multivariable prediction model showed concomitant VAN+PTZ was identified as an independent risk factor of developing AKI (HR 2.34, 1.82-3.01, P < .001). The VAN+PTZ group experienced significantly higher rates of severe AKI (stage II or III) compared to the VAN+CEF/MER group ( P = .002). No differences in the AKI recovery patterns were found between study groups. Conclusions: Concomitant VAN+PTZ in adult general ward patients was independently associated with an increased risk of AKI overall. More severe AKI was also associated with VAN+PTZ.
Contribution to energy management of fuel cell/battery hybrid electric vehicles
Authors: Yahia Insaf , Salah Chokri Ben , Saidi Abdelaziz Salah , Mimouni Mohamed Faouzi , Alshahrani Ali
Published: September 2022

The fuel cell electric vehicle is one of the promising prospects in this modern technical world for green transportation. It can really make our life easier and more economical if used with the same performance as that in recently used vehicles. This paper presents a techno-economic optimization model to perform the optimal sizing of fuel cell/battery hybrid electric vehicles. Optimum sizing has been applied to an electric vehicle consisting of a permanent magnetic synchronous machine, a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, and lead acid battery storage. The optimal cost design and the new suitable power management approach are the main objectives. The optimal sizing of the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell/battery hybrid power for the vehicle is assessed on the basis of minimizing the cost of supplying energy from the two sources. An improved energy management algorithm is employed to decide the operating modes of the electric vehicles using the instantaneous values of the vehicle power, the pressure of the hydrogen tank, and the state of charge of the battery. The speed control of the system is accomplished by an proportional integral controller and also evaluates its efficiency. The obtained results are verified by carrying out MATLAB simulation using the New European Driving Cycle showing all the seven operating modes of the management algorithm. The simulation studies are conducted to verify the performance of the system under different conditions (acceleration and braking). The simulation results show the effectiveness and excellent performances of the proposed algorithm. These results show that this proposal is justified and examined more deeply and realized by a practical implementation.
Interval cancer audit and disclosure in breast screening programmes: An international survey
Authors: Fitzpatrick Patricia , Byrne Helen , Flanagan Fidelma , O’Doherty Ann , Connors Alissa , Larke Aideen , O’Laoide Risteard , Williams Yvonne , Mooney Therese
Published: September 2022

Objective and Setting

Accurate monitoring of interval cancers is important both for quality improvement and education and is a key parameter of breast screening quality assurance. Issues in relation to communication regarding interval cervical cancer in the Irish cervical screening programme were found, prompting interval cancer process review in all cancer screening programmes. An international survey to examine international consensus on interval breast cancer audit processes was conducted to inform Irish processes.

Methods

A survey of 24 international population-based breast screening programmes was done to determine which undertook audit of interval breast cancer; if yes, they were asked (1) how they undertake audit, (2) if they obtain individual consent for audit and inform women of audit results, and (3) if disclosure of audit results occurs.

Results

Response was 71% (17/24). Of these, 71% (12/17) have a programmatic audit process to calculate the interval cancer rate (ICR). Of these, ten also carry out radiological reviews, three using a blinded review. Two inform patients that audit is taking place; two provide choice to be in the audit; nine state that routine screening consent covers audit. For two of the five that have an open disclosure policy for medical incidents, this policy applies to screening interval cancers. One other country/region has an open disclosure policy for category 3 interval cancers only. Five have legal protection for interval cancers arising in the screened population.

Conclusion

While consistency in providing aggregate programmatic audits exists, there is no consistent approach to individual interval cancer reviews or results disclosure.
A Collection of Historical and Contemporary Literature Reviews and Resource Report on the “Gifted” in the History of Education in Turkey: An Exploration
Authors: Tataroğlu Eylem
Published: September 2022

The formal education of the highly gifted individuals from preschool to university in Turkey may be evaluated as the outcome of two separate viewpoints—of pre-Republic and post-Republic periods. Governments have founded special educational institutions for these individuals, designed environments in which they could use and develop their distinct characteristics and skills for the sake of their countries as required by citizenship, and organized toward the effective utilization of these natural gifts. This study has been conducted through descriptive and historical qualitative research methods, and the data have been obtained by means of historical scanning pattern and document analysis.
An Exploratory Study of Transferring From a Community College Into a 4-Year Music Education Program
Authors: Koner Karen , Eros John
Published: September 2022

Two-year community colleges (CCs) provide access to higher education for those who might not otherwise have had the opportunity. Research into CCs has seen growth in past years, with a focus on areas of curriculum, such as music history and musicianship; however, research within music education regarding transfer students is remarkably slim. This qualitative case study investigated the experiences of four CC transfer students in music as they transitioned into music education programs at 4-year universities. The primary research question was: How do transfer students in music education describe their experiences making the transition from 2- to 4-year music programs? Current analysis indicates a need for greater communication between different institutions, the presence of transfer-specific systematic barriers for students, and the importance of community and support for transfer music education majors.
To Be or Not to Be: Advice From Long-Term Spouses in a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Stahnke Brittany
Published: September 2022

Marriage has been a topic of analysis for decades, supported by countless funders such as the government and the Healthy Marriage Initiative. With time, marriage has become less of a societal standard despite overwhelming research supporting its value for adults, children, and society. With the idea that factors that create satisfaction may not be the same ones that result in long-term success, this study uniquely aimed to get the perspectives of those who have been married for 20 or more years. This study's purpose is to record the wisdom on marriage coming from generations of largely successful individuals through anonymous online surveys. Educational level and marital satisfaction are both associated with participants reporting that their marriage is important to their life satisfaction. While infidelity, raising children, health problems, finances, and loss were the struggles most reported, hard work and commitment were reported as the most important needs to come back from difficult times within long-term marriages. Successful, long-term marriages exist as a product of choices of both individuals.
Prognostic Relevance of Change in Body Mass Index in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Undergoing Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lin Xiang , Wang Bingyi , Zheng Fei , Fei Zhaodong , Chen Chuanben
Published: September 2022

Objective

To assess the effect of pretreatment body mass index (BMI) and the extent of change in BMI (ΔBMI) during the treatment course on the treatment outcomes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) receiving volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).

Methods

Data pertaining to 498 consecutive NPC patients with stage I–IVA disease who received VMAT between January 2010 and November 2011 at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of pretreatment BMI and ΔBMI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off point of ΔBMI.

Results

The 5-year loco-regional failure-free (L-FFR), distant failure-free survival (D-FFR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 90.6%, 83.7%, 71.5% and 79.3%, respectively. The 5-year L-FFR, D-FFR, DFS, OS rates for NPC patients with ΔBMI ≤1 kg/m2 vs ΔBMI >1 kg/m2 were 92.3% vs 89.3% ( P = .137), 90.9% vs 78.5% ( P < .001), 80.4% vs 65.1% ( P < .001), and 88.0% vs 73.0% ( P < .001), respectively. ΔBMI >1 kg/m2 was an independent predictor of D-FFR ( P = .002), DFS ( P = .002), and OS ( P = .001).

Conclusions

ΔBMI during treatment course may have a significant impact on the prognosis of NPC patients receiving VMAT.
SAPHO Syndrome Presenting With Atlo-Epistrophic Synovitis and Left Vocal Cord Paresis: A Challenging Diagnosis
Authors: Maranini Beatrice , Ciancio Giovanni , Rinaldi Rosa , Borrelli Massimo , Pugliatti Maura , Govoni Marcello
Published: September 2022

SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis) is a rare syndrome mainly characterized by cutaneous and osteoarticular manifestations. The most typical osteoarticular manifestations are localized to the anterior chest wall and include a usually noninfectious osteitis, hyperostosis, and synovitis of the sternoclavicular joints. However, clinical presentation of SAPHO syndrome can be quite heterogeneous. Several clinical and radiological features are shared with other well-defined pathological entities, and clinical signs and symptoms often occur at different timepoints. Mainly due to this complexity and its rarity, there are currently no validated diagnostic criteria for SAPHO syndrome. Inflammation of the soft tissues around the bones and possible nerve compression could contribute to dysphagia, hypophonia, or obstruction of the airways. Neurologic manifestations could therefore be part of this multiorgan involvement. Here, we present a case of SAPHO syndrome with atypical onset symptoms, characterized by left vocal cord paralysis, acute neck pain due to osteolytic atlantoepistrophic lesion, and an unusual cutaneous manifestation, diagnosed as mid-dermal elastolysis. The latest two, to the best of our knowledge, have been here first described in a case of SAPHO syndrome.
Processing discrimination cases in post-socialist countries: Multiple and intersectional discrimination through the eyes of legal practitioners in Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia
Authors: Kotevska Biljana
Published: September 2022

This article focuses on how discrimination cases in general, and multiple and intersectional discrimination cases in specific, are approached by legal practitioners in civil law countries, focusing on three post-socialist countries––Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia. The article presents empirical findings from semi-structured interviews showing how legal practitioners approach three equality law institutions: shifting of the burden of proof, comparator and contextualisation. The research findings suggest that challenges for multiple and intersectional discrimination claims persist despite the generally well developed legal framework. There is a general reluctance to accept the shifting of the burden of proof, and there is no established understanding or practice of when the burden is shifted, which hints to a nonunified practice. There is an insistence on a comparator, which burdens intersectional discrimination claims. There is a general disregard of the synergistic effects arising in intersectional discrimination cases and a tendency for disjointing intersectional claims. Thus, while the letter of the law may not be an obstacle for multiple and intersectional claims to be fully heard and properly addressed, the legal practice is.
No differences between adults with and without autism in audiovisual synchrony perception
Authors: Weiland Ricarda F , Polderman Tinca JC , Smit Dirk JA , Begeer Sander , Van der Burg Erik
Published: September 2022

To facilitate multisensory processing, the brain binds multisensory information when presented within a certain maximum time lag (temporal binding window). In addition, and in audiovisual perception specifically, the brain adapts rapidly to asynchronies within a single trial and shifts the point of subjective simultaneity. Both processes, temporal binding and rapid recalibration, have been found to be altered in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Here, we used a large adult sample (autism spectrum disorder: n = 75, no autism spectrum disorder: n = 85) to replicate these earlier findings. In this study, audiovisual stimuli were presented in a random order across a range of stimulus onset asynchronies, and participants indicated whether they were perceived simultaneously. Based on the synchrony distribution, their individual temporal binding window and point of subjective simultaneity were calculated. Contrary to previous findings, we found that the temporal binding window was not significantly different between both groups. Rapid recalibration was observed for both groups but did not differ significantly between groups. Evidence of an age effect was found which might explain discrepancies to previous studies. In addition, neither temporal binding window nor rapid recalibration was correlated with self-reported autistic symptoms or sensory sensitivity.

Lay abstract

It has been known for a long time that individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder perceive the world differently. In this study, we investigated how people with or without autism perceive visual and auditory information. We know that an auditory and a visual stimulus do not have to be perfectly synchronous for us to perceive them as synchronous: first, when the two are within a certain time window (temporal binding window), the brain will tell us that they are synchronous. Second, the brain can also adapt quickly to audiovisual asynchronies (rapid recalibration). Although previous studies have shown that people with autism spectrum disorder have different temporal binding windows, and less rapid recalibration, we did not find these differences in our study. However, we did find that both processes develop over age, and since previous studies tested only young people (children, adolescents, and young adults), and we tested adults from 18 to 55 years, this might explain the different findings. In the end, there might be quite a complex story, where people with and without autism spectrum disorder perceive the world differently, even dependent on how old they are.
Syntactic licensing in heritage Spanish: Psych verbs and the middle voice
Authors: Gonzalez Becky
Published: September 2022

Aims and objectives:

This study examines the licensing pattern and resulting syntactic distribution of the middle voice across object experiencer psych verbs in intermediate and advanced heritage Spanish bilinguals and Spanish-dominant sequential bilinguals.

Design:

Participants completed a judgment task with aural stimuli containing sentences in the middle voice with contrastive types of object experiencer psych verbs ([±change of state]).

Data and analysis:

Aggregate results from the judgment task were entered into a mixed-effects linear regression model with fixed effects of group and verb type. Individual results (by verb and participant) are also discussed.

Conclusion:

Heritage Speakers (HSs) at varying levels of proficiency display consistent knowledge of the licensing pattern that results in the syntactic distribution of the middle voice across object experiencer psych verbs. Variability in the data reflects lexical semantic representational differences for specific verbs in individual grammars.

Originality:

This study applies a recent lexical semantic account of object experiencer verbs in Spanish to a novel syntactic construction and fills a gap in the Spanish heritage literature by examining a previously unstudied phenomenon—the middle voice. This provides an opportunity to inform (1) questions related to the role of lexical semantics in the heritage grammar and (2) theoretical proposals related to the nature of variability in heritage language grammars.

Implications:

These data provide additional evidence that licensing patterns at the syntax-lexical semantics interface are an area of stability in the heritage grammar and underscore the role of variability in the input in the resulting adult bilingual grammar.
Improvement of orthogonal matching pursuit deconvolution beamforming method for acoustic source identification
Authors: Zhang Jinyuan , Wen Yiyun , Yan Jiahui , Yang Xiaoguang , Chu Zhigang
Published: September 2022

The deconvolution approach for the mapping of acoustic sources (DAMAS) based on orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP-DAMAS) has attracted much attention due to its advantages of high spatial resolution and excellent capability to suppress spurious sources. In this paper, we propose an improved version of OMP-DAMAS based on fast Fourier transformation (FFT), abbreviated as FFT-OMP-DAMAS. This method assumes that the array point spread functions (PSFs) are spatially shift-invariant. The sum of the product of the acoustic source distribution and PSFs is converted into a convolution form, which is further converted into a product in the wave number domain. With these conversions, FFT can be used to improve the solving speed. Both simulations and experiments show that the proposed method not only inherits the advantages of OMP-DAMAS in terms of spatial resolution and spurious source suppression but also significantly improves the computational efficiency compared with OMP-DAMAS.
Is news for men?: Effects of women’s participation in news-making on audience perceptions and behaviors
Authors: Sui Mingxiao , Paul Newly , Hewitt Caley , Maki Jessica , Searles Kathleen
Published: September 2022

News avoidance, particularly among women, raises potential challenges for democracy. While research shows audiences don’t penalize women reporters or the outlets that employ them, we don’t know whether the presence of women in the newsroom affects such avoidance behaviors, particularly for women audiences. Additionally, the news may communicate gender to the audience in other ways beyond ascriptive characteristics of the reporter. We ask, do reporter gender, source gender, and gender of issues affect readers’ engagements with news, attitudes toward news avoidance, or perceptions about gender bias in journalism? Results from a survey experiment show that newsroom diversity affects “news-is-for-men” perceptions. Upon reading a masculine-issue story, respondents—both men and women—were more willing to read and seek stories from the same news outlet. News stories from male reporters also caused a stronger belief that the newsroom was dominated by men, which boosted “news-is-for-men” perceptions. As such, though reporter gender may not always impact readers directly, its influence is more pervasive than can be directly captured.
Transferring from wheelchair to bed: (Re)subjectifying and partner-positioning a person with late-stage dementia in the care task
Authors: Majlesi Ali Reza , Ekström Anna , Hydén Lars-Christer
Published: September 2022

Assisting people into bed is in many ways centered around the person’s body—it is the body that needs to be moved and laid down. As a result, the body’s material and tangible properties—the body as an object—are foregrounded. This study demonstrates, however, how care workers, when assisting a person with late-stage dementia into bed, maintain a balance between handling the body of the care-recipient as an object of care and including the person as a co-participant in the activity, highlighting the participatory role of the person, and thus positioning the care-recipient as a partner in the activity of the transfer. Drawing on multimodal conversation analysis, and presenting two cases of transfer, the study shows that the activity of moving into bed is usually organized into three consecutive sequences of (a) preparing the move, (b) transfer proper, and (c) adjusting the resident in bed. In every phase of the activity, caregivers, through careful and coordinated embodied and verbal interactions, manage the care-recipient not only as an object of care and her body as an objective body but also as a lived body, highlighting the agentive and subjective aspects of the resident’s personhood. The results of the study point to care workers’ skillful handling of interactional resources to deal with the social sensitivity of moving assistance-dependent residents to their bed through partner-positioning the resident, and thus (re)subjectifying the person with late-stage dementia despite the objectifying aspects of the transfer.
The prognosis of pre-frail chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients for hospitalizations and mortality depends on their level of functional physical performance
Authors: Medina-Mirapeix Francesc , Bernabeu-Mora Roberto , Gacto-Sánchez Mariano , Montilla-Herrador Joaquina , Escolar-Reina Pilar , Sánchez-Martínez María Piedad
Published: September 2022

Objective

To determine if pre-frail Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with poor and non-poor performance in the five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5-STS) had a worse prognosis for hospitalization and mortality at 2 years and for mortality at 5 years than non-frail patients.

Methods

We prospectively included patients with stable COPD, between 40 and 80 years, from a hospital in Spain. Patients were classified according their performance on the 5-STS test and level of frailty. Timing, number of hospitalizations, length of stay, and timing and rate of mortality were outcome measures. Patients were followed for 2 years for exacerbations and for 5 years for mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazard analyses, ANOVA tests and univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used.

Results

Of the 125 patients included, 25.6% were pre-frail with poor performance, 57% pre-frail with non-poor performance, and 17.4% non-frail with non-poor performance. Pre-frail patients with poor performance had a higher number of hospitalizations (adjusted beta: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.01–0.96), mortality rates (odds ratio: 11.33; 95% CI: 1.15–110.81), and risk at 5 years (adjusted hazard ratio: 8.77; 95% CI: 1.02–75.51) than non-frail patients. Pre-frail patients with poor performance also had worse prognoses than non-frail patients with respect to length of hospital stays (increased by 4.16 days) and timing to first hospitalization (HR: 6.01) in unadjusted models, but not when adjusted.

Conclusion

The COPD prognosis of pre-frail patients with respect to the number of exacerbations with hospitalization and the timing and rate of mortality is dependent of functional performance.
Do Self-Assessments for Informed Study Decisions Actually Inform Study Decisions? A Model for Evaluating the Consequential Validity Aspect
Authors: Delnoij L. E. C. , Janssen J. P. W. , Dirkx K. J. H. , Vogten H. , Martens H. , Elston S. , Hermans H. , Martens R. L.
Published: September 2022

Pre-enrolment self-assessments are a promising way to address student commitment and retention in an early stage. Such assessments aim to inform study decisions by evoking reflection and providing advice for further preparation. Though these assessments require a solid validation process, so far the consequential validity aspect tends to be ignored. To address this gap, the current study investigates self-assessment impact on study choice certainty and enrolment as well as self-assessment fairness. Prospective students (N = 662) orienting towards studying in higher online education took a self-assessment consisting of six subtests. The impact appeared in line with the assessment's purpose for 68.9% of the prospective students: their study choice certainty was adapted or remained unchanged in accordance with their obtained scores. Study choice certainty after the self-assessment related positively to enrolment probability. Additionally, the impact appeared fair (similar across subgroups), though men's study choice certainty appeared relatively robust against unfavourable scores.