bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Credit Risk Efficiency in Indian State-Owned Banks: Pre-Merger vs. Post-Merger Perspectives
Authors: Sharma Tanu , Kumar Pramod
Published: January 2025

Indian banks are increasingly engaging in mergers, combining resources under a unified charter to enhance efficiency, expand operations, and strengthen credit risk management. This study assesses the impact of mergers on the credit risk performance of Indian state-owned banks, focusing on Canara Bank, Punjab National Bank (PNB), and Bank of Baroda (BOB). Using secondary data, key credit risk indicators such as operational efficiency, management efficiency, capital adequacy ratio, return on assets, liquidity, CASA ratio, and non-performing assets (NPA) ratio are analysed. The paired t-test methodology evaluates pre- and post-merger performance. Findings reveal a decline in NPAs across all banks in the post-merger period, a significant factor driving mergers. Notably, Canara Bank and PNB demonstrated improved performance across all parameters, while BOB experienced a decline in competency post-merger.
Implementation of Green Infrastructure for Stormwater Management in Manado City: A Case Study of the Tondano Watershed Area
Authors: Pelealu Rodrygo Hendry , Warouw Fela , Sembel Amanda
Published: January 2025

Development in the Tondano watershed increases the built-up area, which might impact the watershed condition, such as environmental disruption leading to runoff, flooding, and even disaster. Green infrastructure (GI) is a concept or approach to ensuring a sustainable environment. Green infrastructure is an innovative stormwater management approach that provides numerous other environmental benefits and can help reduce flooding, water pollution, and climate change mitigation. The purpose of this research is to determine the potential applications of green infrastructure in the Tondano watershed. The study method employed is spatial analysis with a Boolean-overlay approach, in which spatial data in the type of green infrastructure determinants are studied to identify potential locations for its implementation. According to the results of the prospective location analysis, the Tondano watershed can accommodate ten different types of green infrastructure: dry ponds, constructed wetlands, infiltration trenches, infiltration basins, bio-retention, vegetated filter strips, grass swales, sand filters, permeable pavement, and cisterns. Eventually, the concept of green infrastructure could be acknowledged as sustainable and applied in watershed areas, such as the Tondano watershed.
Vision Guiding Controller Design for Articulated Manipulator Based on Barrier Lyapunov Function
Authors: Rantung Jotje
Published: January 2025

This work proposed a vision-guided articulated manipulator controller design using the Barrier Lyapunov function. In a closed-loop system, vision guiding uses camera feedback to control the motion of an articulated manipulator. For vision guidance to operate the articulated manipulator, an object must be in the camera's field of view. Image-based and position-based visual servoing are used to improve the vision-guiding controller. Using this method, an offline trajectory is produced to perform position- and image-based visual servoing operations on the articulated manipulator. Two different control strategies are presented: the vision guiding controller with the limit orientation using the Barrier Lyapunov function and the vision guiding controller with a quadratic Lyapunov function. Simulation results from two vision-guiding controllers, as well as proof of asymptotic stability, are used to validate the efficacy of the proposed controller.
Characteristics of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures Utilizing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Materials
Authors: Adriati Yolly , Elizar  , Kurniawan Bobby , Novrianti
Published: January 2025

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) material is produced through the cold milling of old pavement surface layers. Given the significant amount of RAP available, recycling is essential to support environmental sustainability. This study focuses on utilizing RAP as a recycled material for the AC-BC layer and evaluating the Marshall characteristics of the asphalt mixture for the intermediate layer (AC-BC). This research utilized a material composition of 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) combined with 70% fresh aggregate. The RAP material was sourced from the Bangkinang-Petapahan cross road section, and the mixture gradation met the standards set by the 2018 Bina Marga Technical Specifications, Revision 2. Each mixture variation was evaluated using the Marshall Test to determine its characteristics. The results showed that the Marshall characteristics of the AC-BC mixture, consisting of 70% new aggregate mixed with 30% RAP, met the required standards. The test results indicated a VIM value of 4.3%, asphalt stability of 2,088 kg, VFB of 86%, VMA of 14.50%, flow of 3.8 mm, and an MQ of 535 kg/mm
Facial Expression Recognition Using Improvement of ResNet-18
Authors: Kutika Imanuel , Putro Muhamad Dwisnanto , Sambul Alwin M. , Lantang Oktavian A.
Published: January 2025

Facial expression recognition is a current trend in computer vision to identify human emotional states from facial cues. There are six basic human facial expressions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, surprise, and sadness. Popular architectures like ResNet need development to improve accuracy and reduce parameter utilization. This study proposes a CNN architecture employing the ResNet model to recognize features of human facial expressions. It should be improved to reduce computation and an excessive number of parameters that could affect the accuracy and effectiveness of feature extraction. A Depth-Wise Convolution could be embedded within four stages of convolution inside ResNet to achieve the desired result. This model consists of several stages, including filtering, normalization, activation, and four stages of convolution with Depthwise embedded inside, and culminating it in a final layer with softmax activation. The architecture is trained using the CK+48 dataset to achieve accurate classification. An improved model could reach 100% validation accuracy and 0.0062 validation error, generating 0,1996 GFLOPS .
Effect of interface trap charge on Coulomb oscillation in MOS-type quantum dots
Authors: Asai Hidehiro , Iizuka Shota , Hattori Junichi , Fukuda Koichi , Ikegami Tsutomu , Oka Hiroshi , Inaba Takumi , Shitakata Shunsuke , Kato Kimihiko , Nakayama Takashi , Mori Takahiro
Published: January 2025

We have theoretically investigated the effect of an interface trap charge (ITC) on the Coulomb oscillation characteristics in a Si MOS-type quantum dot (Q-dot). We found that the ITC causes a variation in the fundamental characteristics of the Coulomb oscillation: a peak position, a peak height, and a peak interval. We clarified that the dependence of each variation on the ITC position is different from that of the other because of their different physical origins. We also discussed the amount of the peak position variation from the viewpoint of the operation of the Q-dots required in Si quantum computers (QCs). Mitigating the large variation caused by the ITC will be a critical issue for achieving large-scale Si QCs.
Spectroscopic imaging of biological tissue components by non-contact optical scanning based on the detection of ultrasound induced by mid-infrared laser radiation
Authors: Tanaka Nozomi , matsuura yuji
Published: January 2025

A biological spectral imaging system based on photoacoustic spectroscopy is proposed for real-time, in vivo measurements of biological samples. The system irradiates biological samples with mid-infrared laser light modulated at several hundred kilohertz and detects ultrasonic waves generated within the sample using a piezoelectric transducer. Spectral imaging results obtained using a bovine meat sample demonstrated that muscle and fat could be distinguished based on signal intensity at only two wavelengths, identified through support vector machine optimization. These findings enabled the imaging of porcine brain samples containing D-2-hydroxyglutarate, a tumor marker.
Study of acute toxic effect of disinfectant Sandezvet in rats
Authors: Nalyvaiko L. I. , Boiko V. S. , Orobchenko O. L.
Published: January 2025

Today, the development of disinfectants effective upon direct contact against bacteria, viruses and fungi, which have a significant biocidal effect and are environmentally safe, does not lose its relevance. The fight against infectious diseases is effective and possible only with the use of highly effective and affordable means intended for preventive, current and final disinfection in the absence and presence of animals or poultry. In Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University (former Luhansk National Agrarian University) developed the preparation Sandezvet (SDV) based on the disinfectant "SefDez instru" registered in Ukraine (agent for disinfection, pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization) (producer LLC "Dezplanet"). According to the results of determining the parameters of acute toxicity of the drug Sandezvet (SDV) for a single intragastric administration, the LD50 for female rats (according to the absolute weight of the drug) allows it to be classified as IV class — mildly toxic substances, and according to the degree of danger to III class — moderately dangerous substances
Determination of the main quality indicators of honey of different botanical origin for the period of 2018‒2021
Authors: Yevtushenko O. S. , Desyatnikova O. V.
Published: January 2025

Physicochemical indicators of honey quality in different regions of Ukraine were determined. According to the research results, 55.2% of honey samples met the requirements of DSTU 4497:2005, as high grade honey, 42.5%. According to international standards, 71.3% (Codex Alimentarius Standard 12-1981 for Honey) and 97.7% (Honey Directive 2001/110/EC) of honey samples met the requirements. According to the analysis of honey of various botanical origins, 95.0% of honey samples met the requirements of all considered regulatory documents
Study of the influence of insectoacaricidal drugs “Deliks” and “Ectocid-plus” on the morphological and biochemical indicators of the animal blood
Authors: Nikiforova O. V. , Ponomarenko O. V. , Sumakova N. V. , Garkusha I. V. , Ladogubets O. V. , Duchenko K. A.
Published: January 2025

The results of research on the morphological and biochemical indicators of the animal blood of animals during their treatment with the insectoacaricidal drugs “Deliks” and “Ectocid-Plus” are presented. It has been established that during the treatment of rabbits and dogs with the insectoacaricidal drugs “Deliks” and “Ectocid-Plus”, the morphological and biochemical parameters of the animal blood remained relatively stable
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES IN PERFORATED CORNEAL ULCERS POST FIBRIN GLUE AND N-BUTYL-2- CYANOACRYLATE GLUE APPLICATION
Authors: Singh Anoop Kumar , Kumar Ram , Meena Trilok
Published: January 2025

Corneal perforation is a common cause of ocular morbidity, pain, and vision loss. Eyes with a corneal perforation need immediate treatment to
preserve the anatomical integrity of the cornea and to prevent secondary complications.Various infectious and non-infectious conditions are
responsible for this serious eye condition. Present study aimed to compare and investigate the suture-less choices for treating the corneal
perforations, which should be simpler, safer, more efficient, and considerate of both the comfort of the patient and the physician. To carry out the
study, 100 patient with corneal perforation belonging to age group of 10 to 70 years were selected. Patients were divided into two groups with equal
number in each. One group was treated with N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate and second group was treated with fibrin glue and the results were
compared. Complications namely secondary glaucoma, uveitis, cataract, increase in infiltrations, deep corneal vascularization and giant papillary
conjunctivitis were observed in the patients. Deep corneal vascularization and giant papillary conjunctivitis showed statistically significant
difference in both groups. The findings showed that fibrin glue is more appropriate for sealing corneal perforations than cyanoacrylate.
A STUDY OF SERUM ELECTROLYTES IN PATIENTS OF ISCHEMIC AND HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE
Authors: Mangal Aanchal , Lal Saini Goverdhan , Dhaked Rekha Kumari
Published: January 2025

Introduction- Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. Disorders of sodium and potassium concentration are the
commonest electrolyte abnormalities found in cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and may contribute to mortality unless corrected urgently.
Material Methods- This cross-sectional study was conducted after taking an informed consent from patients or their relatives on 100 patients of
acute stroke who were admitted in Department of Medicine, J.L.N. Medical College and Associated Hospitals, Ajmer (Raj.) over a period of two
years after obtaining ethical committee approval. Results/Observations- Total 37% of all stroke patients had serum sodium imbalance & 33% had
serum potassium imbalance. Hyponatremia (43% cases) and hypokalemia (41% cases) were more common in hemorrhagic stroke patients as
compared to ischemic stroke cases (18% cases). Deaths were more in patients with Hyponatremia (50% deaths) and hypokalemia (62% deaths) in
ischemic stroke cases as compared to hemorrhagic stroke cases (25% and 30% deaths respectively). Deaths were signicantly higher in patients
with hypocalcemia (55% deaths) in hemorrhagic stroke cases while no such association was observed in Ischemic stroke cases (30% deaths). There
was no signicant association of serum Cl-, Mg+2 and Plevels with outcome of stroke patients. Conclusion-This study reveals that in hemorrhagic
stroke, the incidence of electrolyte imbalance was more than ischemic and which were mostly hyponatremia and hypokalemia. Deaths were more
in patients with hyponatremia and hypokalemia in ischemic stroke cases. Deaths were signicantly higher in patients with hypocalcemia in
hemorrhagic stroke cases.
SKIN TOXICITY WITH CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
Authors: Sadanand M Karandikar , Himanshi Joon , Shailesh Puntambekar
Published: January 2025

Newer chemotherapeutic agents are associated with a range of cutaneous reactions. Reactions range from common non-specic exanthematous
eruptions to rare but distinctive cutaneous lesions affecting the patient's quality of life. The differential diagnosis of a cutaneous reaction in a cancer
patient receiving antineoplastic therapy includes a broad range of aetiologies. A physician's knowledge and familiarity with the scope and patterns
of adverse reactions caused due to these various agents is important for an accurate diagnosis. It is important for the physician to be familiar with the
patterns of cutaneous reactions caused due to various chemotherapeutic agents. Accurate diagnosis of the aetiology will pave the way for effective
management of these toxicities. This review will focus on the cutaneous side effects of the newer classes of chemotherapy drugs, including targeted
monoclonal antibody therapy and small molecule inhibitors.
ASSESSMENT OF PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF FLUOROSIS AMONG THE TOBACCO USERS OF THE RURAL POPULATION OF NORTH KARNATAKA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Nayak Duragappa , GM Someswara
Published: January 2025

Background: More than 20 distinct forms or subtypes of cancer, heart and lung diseases, and a host of other debilitating illnesses are all
signicantly increased by tobacco use. Locally polluted drinking water is the primary source of uoride. Gutkha (28–113 μg/g) and pan masala
(16.5–306.5 μg/g) were shown to have high uoride levels and to leach more uoride when exposed to acidic environments, such as the stomach. In
small doses, uoride is believed to be a necessary chemical for human health. Exposure to excessive uoride concentrations causes uorosis, a
deadly disorder. Dental and skeletal uorosis are the two forms. The northern Karnataka district of Gadag is well-known for having a high
prevalence of uorosis. A study on the prevalence and severity of uorosis among tobacco smokers has been chosen for the village of Lakkundi,
where uorosis is common and groundwater uoride levels range from 1 to 4.4 mg/dl. This community-b Methodology: ased, cross-sectional
study was carried out in Lakkundi village, Gadag district, over the course of a year, from June 2021 to June 2022. Data was gathered from a subset of
households and targeted people who were at least eighteen years old. Using a 95% condence level and a 5% margin of error, a sample size of 384
was determined based on a previous study that found a 52.3% prevalence of skeletal uorosis among tobacco users. Following approval by the
institutional ethical committee, a pilot study including 25 volunteers assisted in improving the instruments and procedures. Using systematic
random sampling, 120 families were selected from 2,583 for the main study, choosing every 22nd household to meet the necessary sample size.
Participants from these households who were older than 18 years were included. According to research Result: of 384 participants, the majority of
participants (52.6%) were female, and the greatest age group (23.2%) was 28–37 years old. The majority of participants were either unemployed
(38%), farmers (44%), or uneducated (28.9%). The majority belonged to Class 4 (38.3%) and Class 5 (38.8%) in terms of socioeconomic position.
37% of people used tobacco, especially men (21.6%) and people between the ages of 58 and 67 (15.4%). Clinically, 10.2% had an irregular gait, and
44% reported joint pain. Among tobacco smokers, there were statistically signicant differences in the severity of dental (prevalence 31.1%) and
skeletal uorosis (prevalence 27.9%) (p < 0.001). The study found a strong statistical signicance Conclusion: between a higher likelihood of
moderate to severe skeletal and dental uorosis and tobacco use. Because tobacco products contain uoride, tobacco users had a higher correlation
with severe uorosis than non-users. These results highlight the necessity of focused public health initiatives to lower tobacco use, particularly in
rural regions where uoride exposure is high.
SURGICAL SITE INFECTION FOLLOWING CESAREAN SECTION AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN MAHARASHTRA
Authors: Pajai Sandhya , Thadiboina Ooha , Singh Aarshika
Published: January 2025

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are among the most common hospital acquired infections. Surgical site infection following caesarean
section were associated with various modifiable risk factors. Development and strict implementation of protocol by all the health care professionals
could be effective to minimize and prevent the infection rate after caesarean section. A total of 1000 cases were studied for a period of one year to
evaluate the incidence, risk factors associated with surgical site infections following cesarean sections.
GIANT CELL TUMOR – A CASE REPORT & ROLE OF CYTOLOGY
Authors: M Aarnica , Muthuramalingam Muthukumar
Published: January 2025

Giant cell tumor is commonly seen in skeletally mature patients and affects people more than 20 years of age [1]. GCT is more commonly seen in
women than men and occurs more frequently in China than in Western countries [2]. Giant cell tumor commonly affects the epiphysis of long
bones and then it may spread to metaphysis and can extend into cortex, can cross joint space via structures like ACL (Anterior cruciate ligament) or
ligamentum teres. The most commonly affected sites (in order of frequency) include distal femur, proximal tibia and distal radius [1]. GCT also
occurs in humerus, bula, skull especially the sphenoid bone. Occasionally giant cell tumor affects children [3] in metaphyseal or diaphyseal
location. Herein we present a case of 38-year-old male patient who presented with painless nodular slow growing rm swelling in the middle nger
of right hand. The X-ray revealed soft tissue swelling near the proximal interphalangeal joint. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) revealed a
diagnosis of giant cell tumor. The case is presented because of the unusual and rare site of the tumor and the characteristic cytopathological
ndings.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN LOW DOSE OF HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYL VERSUS CONVENTIONAL DOSE OF HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CAESAREAN SECTION UNDER SPINALANAESTHESIA
Authors: Kumari Komal , Gupta Neelam , Gupta Santosh Kumar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia is a commonly used technique for caesarean sections. Adding adjuvants to local anaesthetics enhances their
efcacy. This study compares the anaesthetic and analgesic effects of low-dose hyperbaric bupivacaine with fentanyl versus conventional-dose
hyperbaric bupivacaine. Methods: A double-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted on 60 ASA Grade I/II pregnant women
undergoing elective caesarean sections at Krishna Mohan Medical College, Mathura, from July 2022 to January 2024. Patients were divided into
two groups: Group 1 received 1.5 mL(7.5 mg) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine plus 0.5 mL(25 µg) fentanyl, and Group 2 received 2 mL(10 mg) of
0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine alone. Vital parameters, sensory and motor block durations, and complications were assessed. Results: Group 1
showed a statistically signicant increase in the duration of sensory block and analgesia. Regression of sensory block to T10 was prolonged in
Group 1 compared to Group 2. Incidence of hypotension, nausea, and vomiting was lower in Group 1. Conclusion: Adding fentanyl to low-dose
bupivacaine improves sensory block duration and quality while reducing side effects. This combination is a benecial modication to standard
spinal anaesthesia for caesarean sections.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM, CHOLESTEROL, BILIRUBIN, CALCIUM AND PHOSPHOROUS IN GALLSTONE DISEASES
Authors: Singh Deepak , Kushwaha Santosh Kumar , Kushwaha Renu
Published: January 2025

Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from gallstones, one of the most prevalent gallbladder issues. According to studies, 10–22% of gallstones
in females worldwide affect Indian women. An issue that is specic to India is the high prevalence of gallstones combined with the increased
incidence of gallbladder cancer. This study's aim is to evaluate the factors such as serum cholesterol, bilirubin, calcium, and phosphorous-in
relative to sex and age in gallstone illnesses. Over a 12-month period, this study was carried out in the Department of Surgery at Nehru Hospital,
B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur. 100 patients suffering from GSD and proven by USG and undergoing cholecystectomy were recruited. Mean
serum cholesterol, bilirubin, calcium, phosphorous values were statistically signicantly higher in patients with mixed type vs. cholesterol type of
stone, pigmented type vs. cholesterol type of stone and with pigmented type vs. mixed type (p < 0.05). Gallbladder stones are more prevalent in
female subjects with increasing age. Risk of cholelithiasis is increased by a sedentary lifestyle and light physical activity. The most prevalent form
of gallstone comprises mixed gallstones.
CLINICAL, ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND LAPAROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF CHRONIC PELVIC PAIN.
Authors: Mohanty Sikruti , Venugopal Sini , Behera Rabindra Nath
Published: January 2025

Objective : This is a prospective study carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital,
Bhubaneswar, a tertiary care centre, with the objective of evaluating the causes of chronic pelvic pain with the help of clinical examination,
ultrasonography and laparoscopy and to formulate the treatment plan accordingly including laparoscopic interventions if required . Materials And
Methods : A total of 50 patients with chronic pelvic pain of more than 6 months duration were included in the study. The investigations required to
identify the etiology were carried out . The study was conducted over a two year period i.e. from September 2022 to August 2024 at Hi-Tech
Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. : Majority of the patients were in the age group o Results f 20-35 years. The most common
presenting symptom was dysmenorrhoea, followed by dyspareunia. Chronic Pelvic pain was more common in married women. Majority of the
patients had past abdominal or pelvic surgeries. Laparoscopy provides a definitive diagnosis in chronic pelvic pain in around 96% cases, followed
by 56 % by ultrasonography and 54 % by clinical examination. : Chronic pelvic pain is one of the mos Conclusion t frequent gynaecological
complaints. The accuracy of clinical examination has various limitations. Ultrasound being a non-invasive method is the first modality of
evaluation. Laparoscopy is an excellent tool in evaluation of chronic pelvic pain as it has the added advantage of diagnosis and treatment of the
cause at the same sitting
RESCUING STABILITY: COMBINED ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR FIXATION FOR FAILED POSTERIOR LUMBOSACRAL LISTHESIS REPAIR
Authors: Legha Shubham , Chaliawala Yash , Dhanopeya Ajay , Chaliya Manoj
Published: January 2025

Spondylolisthesis is a common spinal condition often leading to low back pain, neurological decits, and radiculopathy, requiring effective
surgical management. This report presents a 64-year-old female with L5-S1 anterolisthesis initially treated with posterior decompression and
fusion. Following implant failure and recurrent symptoms after two years, the patient underwent combined anterior and posterior xation,
achieving signicant improvement. Comparative analyses reveal anterior xation's benets in restoring disc height and alignment but with higher
vascular risks, while posterior xation, though technically simpler, involves greater muscle damage. Combined xation, as demonstrated in this
case, provides superior stability and is ideal for recurrent or advanced cases. This approach highlights the importance of patient-specic factors,
including radiographic ndings and pathology severity, in tailoring surgical strategies. Although minimally invasive techniques are evolving, the
complex nature of combined xation in this case underscores the need for meticulous preoperative planning and expertise to optimize outcomes
and ensure long-term success.
STUDY ON FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF ARTHROSCOPIC ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION USING HAMSTRING AUTOGRAFT WITH SUTURE TAPE AUGMENTATION IN PRIMARY ACL TEAR
Authors: Yadav Siddhant , Sagar Siddhartha , Singh Abhinendra , Bagga Mani , Parashar Rishi
Published: January 2025

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common knee injuries that often require surgical intervention. ACLreconstruction using
hamstring autografts with suture tape augmentation is a technique that has gained popularity in recent years. Objective: To assess the functional
outcomes of primary ACL reconstruction using hamstring autografts with suture tape augmentation. Methods: This prospective observational
study included 35 patients who underwent ACLreconstruction with hamstring autografts and suture tape augmentation. Patients were followed up
at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9 months post-surgery. Outcome measures included IKDC score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, and clinical tests (Lachman,
Anterior drawer, and Pivot shift tests). Results: Signicant improvements were seen in IKDC scores and VAS scores at all follow-up intervals.
Clinical tests showed improved stability, with a signicant reduction in positive ndings. Complications included knee stiffness in 2 patients and
re-tear in 1 patient. Conclusion: ACL reconstruction using hamstring autografts with suture tape augmentation shows promising functional
outcomes and improved stability
EPITHELIAL AND STROMAL CHARACTERISATION WITH POST MORTEM INTERVAL IN ORAL MUCOSA- A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Shruti Shruti , Juneja Saurabh , Arora Vikas , Khare Ankita , Saigal Chhavi
Published: January 2025

Background: Currently, many approaches to PMI estimation focus on observable and measurable changes to the body after death. These gross
changes occur because of changes at the cellular level. Degenerative post-mortem changes to the epithelium and connective tissue in the oral
mucosa may demonstrate specic patterns that could prove useful to determine PMI. The present study i Aim and Objectives: s aimed to
characterise time-wise histological changes in oral tissues after autopsy. 50 oral mucosal tissue sa Materials and Method: mples each form buccal
mucosa were collected during autopsy. Tissues were routinely xed, processed and stained using H&E stain. PAS and Verhoff's van geison staining
were used to evaluated acinar & collagen changes. Histological changes were assessed quantitatively & qualitatively. Oral mucosa shows Result:
histological & cytonuclear degenerative changes at architectural & cellular level which are correlated with postmortem interval. Conclusion:
Histological changes indicate that microscopic evaluation of the oral mucosa is effective for PMI estimation.
CAN WE PREDICT WHO REQUIRE MULTIPLE SESSIONS OF ENDOSCOPIC DILATATION OF BENIGN BILIARY STRICTURE IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS? - A TERTIARY CARE EXPERIENCE
Authors: Paladugu Bhaavan , Devi M Uma , Kumar B Ramesh , Sahithya L , Pious Tony , Kumar Ch Suraj , Reddy V Vikas , Reddy D Dinesh
Published: January 2025

Background: Endoscopic stricture dilatation with biliary stenting has been one of the effective treatment methods for symptomatic benign biliary
stricture secondary to chronic pancreatitis1,2. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the profile of patients with benign biliary
stricture, who symptomatically responded after multiple sessions of dilatation with the profiles of patients who responded after single dilatation
and identify the risk factors associated with requirement of multiple dilatations. Patients And Methods: Data from patients prior to and after the
stricture dilatation was collected and was analyzed for the improvement of symptoms relative to number of dilatations performed. Results: 40 male
(97.6%), 1 female (2.4%) with biliary stricture due to chronic pancreatitis were included in this study over a period of 2 years. Out of these 41
patients, 11 (26.8%) presented with calculi and 30 (73.2%) didn't have calculi. 14 (34.1%) with mean alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of 427.21 (290.5)
were relieved of symptoms after 1st dilatation. 27 (65.9%) with the mean ALP of 241.63 (171.6) were relieved of symptoms after multiple
dilatations. Apart from the difference in mean serum ALP levels, other patient characteristics such as age, etiology of pancreatitis, smoking habit,
bilirubin levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: ALP was significantly higher in the group of patients that
responded with single dilatation. We could not identify any other significant predictors for the requirement of multiple dilatations.
A CORRELATIVE STUDY OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND LIPID ABNORMALITIES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, SOUTH KERALA.
Authors: S Dharan Parvathy , VS Sreedevi , MK Sajan , Kumar M Pradeep
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine the serum lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes and evaluate the
gender-wise association between these parameters. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at Government Medical College
Thiruvananthapuram over a period of 3 months. Laboratory investigation details of subjects were collected from the Central Biochemistry
Laboratory, OPD Wing. Collected data were examined and recorded. Results: The ratio of males to females is 1:1.1. Males are between 24 and 73
years old, while females are between 32 and 63. Out of 75 participants, 47 were hyperglycemic (≥126 mg/dL), and 60% of patients exceeded their
HbA1c level above 6.5%. Dyslipidemic pattern shows 56% were hypercholesterolemia, 40% were hypertriglyceridemia, 66.7% had elevated LDL
cholesterol, and 69.3% had reduced HDL cholesterol. Female individuals are more likely to have dyslipidemia. Conclusions: Based on their
Fasting blood sugar and HbA1c levels, the majority of participants show poor control. Dyslipidemia is strongly associated with cardiovascular
problems in persons with diabetes.
COGNITION DUE TO LESS SLEEP DURATION: AFFECTED OR NOT AFFECTED
Authors: Bhorania Seema , Swati Padvi , Justin Paul
Published: January 2025

Sleep is a multifaceted physiological and behavioral process that plays
a crucial role in determining quality of life, inuencing both longevity
and overall well-being. It is a state of rest for the otherwise active
nervous system. It is dened as a state of unconsciousness from which
a person can be aroused by appropriate sensory or any other stimulus
(1). Sleep duration varies with gender, age and also according to one's
daily routine. A lack of sleep, or sleep deprivation (SD), is a
widespread phenomenon that can induce adverse changes in cognitive
performance. Sleep duration is very important but sleep quality is often
ignored factor. Sleep is very essential for learning, memory, attention,
alertness, judgement, and overall health of an individual.
The Effectiveness of AI Technology in Improving Academic English Writing Skills in Higher Education
Authors: Veri Hardinansyah Dja'far  , Fitria Nur Hamidah
Published: January 2025

The main issue in improving academic writing skills in English among college students is the difficulty in developing coherent and grammatically accurate writing. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of using AI-based technology in enhancing students' writing abilities and addressing gaps in traditional teaching methods that often lack personalized feedback due to limited teaching time. This research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative pre-experimental design and qualitative methods. The study uses an experimental design with control and experimental groups consisting of students from classes 1A and 1B. A pre-test was conducted, followed by three writing assignments over seven weeks, with the experimental group receiving AI feedback. The results show a significant improvement in the writing skills of the experimental group, with average scores increasing from 1204 to 1364, a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). Additionally, this study also explores students' perceptions and attitudes towards AI tools, providing insights into the acceptance and effectiveness of such tools in diverse educational environments. It can be concluded that the integration of AI-based tools in teaching academic English writing significantly improves students' writing skills. The integration of AI in English writing instruction can be an effective solution to address teaching challenges and enhance the quality and effectiveness of learning. This research recommends a wider application of AI technology in education to support the development of students' writing skills.
Inequality Experienced by Black Women Characters in Bernardine Evaristo’s Girl, Woman, Other: A Black Feminism Study
Authors: Wajiran Wajiran , Labibah Maulina
Published: January 2025

Gender roles are determined by expectations and values within society, which can lead to stereotypes and prejudice. Stereotypes are judgments that are considered correct for a group, while racial stereotypes are assumptions about all people of the same race. These racial stereotypes can make life difficult for women. This research aims to analyze the inequality expressed in Girl, Woman, Other and how the disparity occurs in society. The study employs Kimberle Crenshaw's Black Feminism theory. Moreover, this study uses a qualitative descriptive research method to analyze the novel. The information, approach, and theories are drawn from books, dictionaries, internet sources, journals, encyclopedias, and other primary and secondary sources. The primary data is the novel Girl, Woman, Other. The result of this study is that the novel Girl, Woman, Other clearly illustrates that inequality occurs not only because there is one identity that is owned but because each character owns several intersecting social identities. Race, gender, class, and sexual orientation that intersect with one another are the leading causes of the inequalities experienced by the characters in Girl, Woman, Other. The inequality experienced by the six characters causes them to struggle to gain equality in society as human beings.
Constructing Theme and Rheme Positions in Indonesian Humor: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Analysis
Authors: Yuwana Rawuh Yuda , Betaubun Martha
Published: January 2025

Humor is one of the media that provides an interesting aspiration of people. It means comedians and audiences have to know how to imply and understand the real theme to get a good meaning. This study explores the construction of theme and rheme positions in Indonesian humor through the lens of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Utilizing the Theme-Rheme theory, the research analyzes various Indonesian clauses to understand how thematic structures contribute to comedic effects. The method involves a detailed breakdown of clauses into their thematic and rhematic components, followed by an examination of how marked and unmarked themes, as well as textual themes, create humor through incongruity and unexpected twists. Practically, the findings reveal that humor often applies from the contrast between serious advice and trivial or absurd explanations, demonstrating that thematic manipulation is crucial in generating comedic effects. This study highlights the effectiveness of the Theme-Rheme framework in analyzing humor and underscores the intricate relationship between language structure and humor.
Linguistic Politeness in Apologies: Comparing Strategies of Bruneian and Indonesian University Students
Authors: Zainuddin Noor Amalia Nabilah , Yaqin Lalu Nurul
Published: January 2025

Linguistic politeness, especially in apology situations, is essential for maintaining social harmony and ensuring effective communication across different cultural contexts. The study aimed to examine linguistic politeness among university students in the context of apologies. The study compared politeness strategies between Bruneian and Indonesian university students from different universities. Data were collected using the Discourse Completion Task (DCT) method, where respondents were presented with specific situations or scenarios and asked to express what they would say in those situations. The data was analysed using the politeness model by Brown and Levinson (1987). The study found that students used positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, and bald-on-record strategies. The study’s results show that positive politeness strategies are the most frequently used. The results also indicated that in using politeness in apologies, students employed several sub-strategies, such as greetings, promising, providing reasons, taking responsibility, understanding the interlocutor’s desires, and using titles for interlocutors with higher social status. This research can serve as a guide and lesson for improving linguistic politeness among university students, especially when apologising.
African Folklore in Women's Narratives: An Exploration of Tsitsi Dangarembga's Nervous Conditions
Authors: Megbowon Funmilola
Published: January 2025

Many of the contemporary challenges faced by women in Africa are deeply intertwined with African traditions and long-standing cultural practices. However, while African traditions indeed contribute to many of the challenges women face today, they also offer pathways to empowerment. African literature and folklore are posited in this study to be sources of retrospection into these African women-related narratives. This study aims to analyse folklore within a selected African literary text, in relation to women-centred narratives and explore the role of folklore in women’s narrative and experiences. Using Tsitsi Dangarembga's Nervous Conditions as a primary text, this study adopts a textual and interpretative analysis framed by feminist and nativist branches of postcolonial theory to achieve the objectives of the study. The study identifies two folklores (storytelling and marriage rituals) as central to women-related narratives and traditions depicted in the text. The analysis further reveals that African folklore can function as a double-edged sword as either reinforcing women’s subjugation or serving as a vehicle for their empowerment. The continuous integration of folklore in literature serves as a tool for illuminating and preserving previous experiences of women and the traditions of African culture. African folklore is an enabler of women subjugation, but it also has the capacity to challenge patriarchal structures and promote women’s empowerment. Deliberate efforts are required to amplify the women-empowering aspects of folklore. Strategic emphasis that focuses on promoting empowering narratives within folklore, challenging and deconstructing harmful narratives through critical engagement, and cultural revitalization by applying a gender lens to traditional practices are some of the implications for women’s empowerment.
The Form of Culture in the Blarak-Blarak Sempal Game: A Study of Literary Anthropology
Authors: Muhammad Malik Azis  , Wulandari Yosi
Published: January 2025

This study aims to describe the form of Javanese culture and cultural elements in the traditional game of Blarak-Blarak Sempal through a literary anthropological approach. Using descriptive qualitative methods, this study reveals cultural symbols such as coconut fiber that symbolizes attachment to nature, and pingsut that reflects deliberation and honesty. The poems and songs that accompany the game also describe important elements in the language and art system of Javanese society. These findings make an important contribution to enriching the understanding of the social and cultural values contained in traditional games, while highlighting the role of these games as a medium of cultural and moral education. The implications of the results of this study support local cultural preservation policies, especially in the field of education, by integrating traditional games as a tool to teach cultural values to the younger generation. In addition, this study opens up opportunities for further research related to the role of other traditional games in character formation and strengthening cultural identity among the community. Thus, traditional games such as Blarak-Blarak Sempal have great potential to be preserved and used as a means of learning noble values in community life.
Investigating EFL Students’ Speaking Skills Viewed from Self-Efficacy: Instructional Experiences Learned from Seniors High Schools
Authors: Setianingsih Tri , Bq. Zuhrotun Nafisah  , Baiq Sumarni  , Kamarudin
Published: January 2025

This study investigated EFL students’ speaking skills viewed from self-efficacy at seniors high schools. This to measure students' self-efficacy beliefs and assessments to evaluate their speaking performance to find factors influencing their speaking skills.. The findings of this study had the potential to provide valuable insights into the factors influencing students' speaking skills development and contribute to the enhancement of language learning and teaching practices, also to find whether there is a relationships between students' self-efficacy levels and their performance in speaking tasks. A quantitatave approach was employed by using SPSS IBM 26  and qualitative approach was employed by using observation and questionnaires, utilizing surveys, to measure students' self-efficacy beliefs and assessments to evaluate their speaking performance. The research included 30 second-grade Social Studies students from SMAN 7 Mataram, selected through purposive sampling. A questionnaire with two types of items, totaling 10 questions, was employed as the research tool. The major factors influencing students’ self efficacy at IPS class at SMAN 7 Mataram are social persuasion (50%) and Emotional & Physiological States (50%). The results indicated a strong relationships, with a Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.895, which is considered very high, falling within the 0.80 to 1.000 range. The statistical analysis at a significance level of ? = 0.05 showed a p-value lower than 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Thus, the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted, and the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected, confirming a significant correlation between students’ self-efficacy and their speaking skills. It means that students need encouragement and support from parents, teachers, and their community to boost their self-efficacy to improve English speaking skills.
Digital Literacy Integrated with Blended Learning in Improving EFL Students’ English Language Skills: A Lesson Learned from the Independent Campus Program
Authors: Wahyuddin Nur Rahmah , Nur Eva Yanti  , Riska Arnas  , Sam Hermansyah
Published: January 2025

The integration of digital literacy into educational practices has garnered significant attention in recent years, particularly in the context of language learning. Digital literacy refers to the ability to effectively and critically navigate, evaluate, and create information using various digital technologies. Given its growing importance, this study sought to evaluate the impact of digital literacy competence on improving English language skills through blended learning in the Independent Campus Program at Ichsan Sidenreng Rappang University. Employing a quantitative experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design, the study gathered data through English language tests and questionnaires. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in students’ English skills, with the pretest average score of 31.7 rising to 84.7 in the posttest. The Paired Sample t-test confirmed the statistical significance of this difference (p-value = 0.000). Additionally, the Pearson correlation test revealed a moderate positive relationship between digital literacy and English proficiency (r = 0.456), indicating that students with higher digital literacy competencies tended to perform better in English. These findings underscore the significant role that digital literacy plays in enhancing language skills, particularly when integrated with technology-based learning approaches. For future research, further studies could explore the long-term impact of digital literacy on language acquisition, the effectiveness of various digital tools in language learning, and how digital literacy interacts with other factors, such as motivation and learning styles, to influence language proficiency. Additionally, expanding the research to include diverse educational settings and student populations could provide a broader understanding of digital literacy’s role in language education.