bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Meanings of the Greek Сoncept of “'Aret'h” on the Meanings of the Latin Concept of “Virtus” as One of the Reasons for the Polysemanticity of the Concept of “Virtual” in the XX–XXI centuries
Authors: Zudilina Nadezhda
Published: June 2019

The author considers how the influence of the meanings of the Greek concept “'aret'h” on the semantics of the Latin concept “virtus” could cause the concept of “virtual” acquire such meanings as “being something in essence, real” (and not formally); “actual, real”. One of the Greek words translated into Latin as “virtus” in antiquity and the Middle Ages, was the word “'aret'h”. As a result of such a translation, the meanings of the word “'aret'h” and the philosophical (first of all, Platonic) meanings of the concept of “'aret'h” enriched the meanings of the concept “virtus”. It is most likely that the first meaning of the concept of “virtual”, that is, “being something in essence, really” (and not formally), comes from the meaning “in essence” of the English word “virtually”, connected with one of the aspects of Plato’s interpretations of “'aret'h” – 'aret'h as the essence of a thing (Greek “oysia”, Latin “essentia”). Probably, the concept “virtual” acquired the meaning of “ factual, real “ through the the mediation of the word “virtually” (in its meaning “in fact, factually”), from the word “actually”, which, on the one hand, means “ in fact, indeed, really”, and on the other, is used as a synonym for “virtually”. It is possible that the accurrence of meanings “factual, real” of the concept “virtual” has been reinforced by the connection of the word “virtus” and its derivatives with the above mentioned “Platonic” meaning of the concept of “virtual”, that is the meaning “being something in essence”, which is in some respects close to the meaning “factual, real”.
Phase II Study of Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy with Oxaliplatin, Infusional 5-Fluorouracil, and Cetuximab Followed by Postoperative Docetaxel and Cetuximab in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus: A Trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E2205)
Authors: Gibson Michael K. , Catalano Paul , Kleinberg Lawrence R. , Staley Charles A. , Montgomery Elizabeth A. , Jimeno Antonio , Song Wei (Frank) , Mulcahy Mary F. , Leichman Lawrence P. , Benson Al B.
Published: June 2019

Background

A standard approach to treating resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma is chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery; however, recurrence is common. To improve this, we designed a single-arm, phase II trial that added an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, cetuximab (C), to CRT, with the hypothesis that EGFR inhibition would improve pathologic complete response (pCR) rate.

Materials and Methods

We aimed to increase the pCR rate from 25% to 45%. A Simon two-stage design (α and β of 0.10) required pCR/enrolled 5/18 for stage 1 and 14/40 total. CRT: oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 days 1, 15, and 29; infusional 5-fluorouracil 180 mg/m2/24 hours × 35 days; C 400 mg/m2 day 1 then 250 mg/m2 days 8, 15, 22, and 29 and radiation (intensity modulated radiotherapy [IMRT] allowed) 180 cGy/day × 25 fractions (Monday through Friday). Following esophagectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy (CT): weekly docetaxel 35 mg/m2 and C 250 mg/m2 5 out of 6 weeks for two cycles.

Results

Of 21 eligible patients enrolled, 17 had surgery; 4 died before operation (due to pulmonary embolism 4 days after CRT, G3 diarrhea, progressive disease during CRT, sepsis/hypoxia during CRT, and acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]). pCR = 7/17. Three postoperative deaths due to ARDS resulted in seven total study-related deaths. Of the 14 remaining patients, 12 started and completed adjuvant CT. Two of seven patients with pCR died, both of ARDS. Out of the 21 eligible subjects in this study, 13 have died and 8 remain alive. The use of IMRT did not correlate with ARDS.

Conclusion

This regimen demonstrated promising activity. Toxicity was significant, with seven study-related deaths leading to closure after stage 1. All postoperative deaths were due to ARDS. This regimen is not recommended.
Mesangial Deposition Can Strongly Involve Innate-Like IgA Molecules Lacking Affinity Maturation
Authors: Wehbi Batoul , Oblet Christelle , Boyer François , Huard Arnaud , Druilhe Anne , Paraf François , Cogné Etienne , Moreau Jeanne , El Makhour Yolla , Badran Bassam , Van Egmond Marjolein , Cogné Michel , Aldigier Jean-Claude
Published: June 2019

Significance Statement

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by IgA glomerular mesangial deposition, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Using humanized transgenic mouse models, the authors explored whether a hypogalactosylated hinge region (found in most mesangial IgA1 in human IgAN) is required for IgA deposition, demonstrating that hinge hypoglycosylation was not mandatory for deposition. To investigate whether low-affinity IgA produced by innate-like B cells might also yield mesangial deposits, they compared mice able to produce high-affinity mature IgA antibodies with mice lacking affinity maturation. They found that the low-affinity IgA can deposit in the mesangium and activate complement, that it is especially prone to induce glomerular cell thickening, and that it can initiate nephrotoxicity. These findings offer a new perspective regarding glomerular IgA deposits involving innate-like antibody responses.

Background

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) often follows infections and features IgA mesangial deposition. Polymeric IgA deposits in the mesangium seem to have varied pathogenic potential, but understanding their pathogenicity remains a challenge. Most mesangial IgA1 in human IgAN has a hypogalactosylated hinge region, but it is unclear whether this is required for IgA deposition. Another important question is the role of adaptive IgA responses and high-affinity mature IgA antibodies and whether low-affinity IgA produced by innate-like B cells might also yield mesangial deposits.

Methods

To explore the effects of specific qualitative variations in IgA and whether altered affinity maturation can influence IgA mesangial deposition and activate complement, we used several transgenic human IgA1-producing models with IgA deposition, including one lacking the DNA-editing enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is required in affinity maturation. Also, to explore the potential role of the IgA receptor CD89 in glomerular inflammation, we used a model that expresses CD89 in a pattern observed in humans.

Results

We found that human IgA induced glomerular damage independent of CD89. When comparing mice able to produce high-affinity IgA antibodies with mice lacking AID-enabled Ig affinity maturation, we found that IgA deposition and complement activation significantly increased and led to IgAN pathogenesis, although without significant proteinuria or hematuria. We also observed that hinge hypoglycosylation was not mandatory for IgA deposition.

Conclusions

In a mouse model of IgAN, compared with high-affinity IgA, low-affinity innate-like IgA, formed in the absence of normal antigen-driven maturation, was more readily involved in IgA glomerular deposition with pathogenic effects.
Un estudio comparativo entre dos herramientas de respuesta de audiencia en las aulas universitarias
Authors: Vallet - Bellmunt Ilu , Vallet - Bellmunt Teresa , Zubiria - Ferriols Edurne , Martínez - Fernández Teresa , Bel - Oms Inmaculada
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de este texto es investigar la influencia del uso de herramientas tecnológicas en las aulas universitarias. En concreto, analizamos y evaluamos la aplicación de dos herramientas de respuesta de audiencia libres (específicamente Socrative y Kahoot!) como herramientas que fomentan la participación y asistencia de los alumnos a las sesiones teóricas y facilitan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se analiza si estas herramientas pueden ser utilizadas como motivadoras, fomentadoras de la participación del alumnado y facilitadoras del aprendizaje. Además, la opinión de los estudiantes sobre la utilidad de estas herramientas en el aula y como métodos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La muestra de este estudio está compuesta por 60 estudiantes de una universidad pública española en el Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas y Grado en Comunicación Audiovisual. Esta investigación es innovadora en el área de las TIC y tiene implicaciones para los profesores universitarios debido a la relevancia de la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías en las aulas con la finalidad de atraer la participación y asistencia de los alumnos y al mismo tiempo motivarlos a estudiar y a aprender.
NITROGEN STEELS AND HIGH NITROGEN STEELS. INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PROPERTIES
Authors: Svyazhin A. G. , Kaputkina L. M.
Published: June 2019

Nitrogen pressure can be a basis for the most general classification of steel, alloyed by nitrogen. Nitrogen steels are made under normal pressure, high nitrogen steels are made under pressure that is higher than atmospheric in special units. Nitrogen, as well as carbon, also strengthens austenite, but increases thermal stability of austenite, has the smaller sizes of ions and high solubility in γ- and α-phases. The result is smaller size of nitrides, smaller superficial energy, their higher strengthening effect and possibility of simultaneous increase in durability and corrosion resistance of austenite. The article considers the mechanisms of nitrogen influence on properties of steel, thermodynamics and kinetics of steels alloying with nitrogen, critical concentration of nitrogen and influence of nitrogen on properties of steel. There is no uniform balanced database and thermodynamic model now. Therefore any choice of values of equilibrium constant and parameters of interaction according to tabular data reduces the accuracy of calculations of nitrogen solubility in steel. In the circumstances it is better to use experimental data for concrete alloy from original works. At the choice of data it is necessary to be guided by the following control values: KN = 0,044, A ≥ 600. The nitrogen solubility in liquid metal, in α- and γ-phases is significantly various. Critical nitrogen concentration Nk, which excess leads to formation of bubbles and interstices at steel solidification, depends on composition of steel. Now the acceptable results when determining critical nitrogen concentration, can be received from the following condition: during the whole time of solidification the nitrogen content in residual liquid has to be less its equilibrium with the general pressure in the system of content in liquid metal at the same temperature T. Examples of nitrogen and high nitrogen steels, including steels with special properties, such as corrosion-resistant in bioactive environments, bactericidal steel, alloyed according on the scheme C + N steels, are given.
INOCULATION OF HIGH MANGANESE STEEL CASTINGS USING TITANIUM CARBONITRIDE
Authors: Vdovin K. N. , Feoktistov N. A. , Gorlenko D. A. , Nikitenko O. A. , Khamidulina D. D.
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to study of the process of mold inoculation of high manganese steel castings using titanium carbonitride. Introduction considers basic principles, alloying and inoculation of casting alloys. Review of the papers on this topic made by native and foreign researchers was given. Conclusions were made on the materials presented in the studied papers, goals and tasks for studies were formed. Besides, in this part of the article relevance of the conducted researches was substantiated as well as practical significance for casters. The second part of the article describes routine of experiments. Materials involved when conducting experimental works were considered in details: charge materials, treatment agent, materials for foundry molds. Besides, there are also described the way to receive experimental cast products, methodology to determine thermal conditions for forming experimental models in foundry mold and regimen of thermal treatment. Herewith, methodology for conducting metallographical test was considered. The third part of the article mentions the results received during carrying out experimental works on mold inoculation using fine titanium carbonitride powder of high manganese steel castings. Influence of inoculation on the level of performance properties expressed via coefficients of abrasive wear and wear striking resistance was considered as well as change of the indicated peculiarities in relation to not inoculated alloy was evaluated. Besides, results of metallographical tests were given which allowed to substantiate change of the performance properties level of high manganese steel. Influence of thermal conditions of forming cast products was also evaluated, in particular speed of alloy cooling in foundry mold on the level of performance properties of inoculated high manganese steel. In final part of the article conclusions on the results of conducted researches were made as well as manufacturing recommendations were given for practical implementation of the work results to increase the level of performance properties of high manganese steel. Besides, recommendations on the most reasonable expenditure of titanium carbonitride powder ensuring receipt of the necessary characteristics of microstructure and as a consequence, increase of the level of performance properties were given.
PRODUCTION OF NON-ROASTING PELLETS FROM THE WASTE OF SHABROVSKY TALCUM COMBINE
Authors: Gulyakov V. S. , Vusikhis A. S. , Petrova S. A.
Published: June 2019

Technogenic wastes are by-products of any production. At the same time, they can be a raw material for obtaining useful products. In particular, the waste from the Shabrovsky talcum combine, can be used to produce magnesian fluxes. They are dispersed, so must be agglomerated. Therefore, a method has been proposed for the preparation of non-roasting pellets. As a binder, a mixture of water and peat, treated in a hydropercussion cavitation device, was used. The resulting material is a colloidal system with particle size of less than 10–4 m. To measure the particle size, dynamic light scattering method was used. For comparison, a similar mixture of water and peat treated in a planetary mill was studied. An analysis of the data obtained has shown that particles of micron size occupy up to 90 % of volume in the sample after treatment of the mixture in hydropercussion cavitation device. In a sample that was ground in a planetary mill, most of the particles are characterized by tens or even hundreds of microns. Determination of crushing strength of non-roasting pellets is performed by compressing in a tensile machine of model P-0.5. For this purpose, the granules were used both immediately after granulation and after drying at 105 °C to a moisture content of less than 1.5 %. With an optimum proportion of binders of 15 – 20 %, the strength of raw pellets was 15 N, and the strength of dry pellets was 90 N. With a binder percentage of less than 15 %, both raw and dried pellets had low strength. With a binder content of more than 20 %, the mixture had excessive plasticity and tackiness, which led to the formation of conglomerates of several granules. Despite the fact that the strength parameters of the non-roasting pellet are lower than those of pellets used in blast-furnace production, they are sufficient for use in steelmaking processes.
HIGH TEMPERATURE STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH CELL STRUCTURE ON THE BASIS OF Ni3Al INTERMETALLIDIDE
Authors: Belomyttsev M. Yu. , Fung Tuan An’
Published: June 2019

The powder metallurgy method was used to obtain materials in the form of a single-phase alloy based on Ni3Al and in the form of composite material (Ni3Al + W) with cell structure based on it. The structural unit of the composite material was a round granule (grain) with average size of 25 μm from nickel alloy, on which the continuous tungsten coating with thickness of ~0.4 μm was deposited by chemical vapor deposition. Compression tests at room temperature have shown that the yield stress of composite material (Ni3Al + W) with cell structure at temperatures of 20 – 1000 °C is higher than of single-phase Ni3Al-based alloy (up to 1.7 times), but at higher test temperature the yield strength of the composite is compared with the yield strength of the nickel alloy. The specific yield strength (that is, normalized for the density of 7.8 g/cm3 for the alloy and of 9.5 g/cm3 for the compo site) behaves similarly. At the temperature of 1300 °C, single-phase Ni3Al-based alloy exhibits solid-liquid behavior under compression. Creep tests were carried out for compression under vacuum at temperatures of 1000 – 1200 °C. Using the pair and parametric methods of mathematical analysis of creep processes according to Hollomon, regression equations of creep rate, stress and temperature of the test were obtained. The ultimate strength of creep for the given tolerances for steady-state creep rate and inverse values were calculated. It is shown that at all test temperatures the composite material has lower creep rate (up to 7 times) and higher ultimate strength of creep (up to 2.5 times) than the nickel alloy on which it is based. Creep activation energies of the materials studied are determined using the exponential law of coupling of experimental values. The creep activation energy for the nickel alloy found is close to the activation energy of nickel self-diffusion in Ni3Al and materials based on it (230 ÷ 310 kJ/mol), and for the composite – to self-diffusion activation energy of tungsten (503 kJ/mol).
AERODYNAMICS OF JETS INTERACTING WITH A FLAT SURFACE
Authors: Pribytkov I. A. , Kondrashenko S. I.
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the development features of a single free jet of hightemperature nitrogen interacting with a ﬂat surface were studied. Calculation of the heat exchange process during heating by the attacking jets is very difficult to implement analytically due to complexity of the gas-dynamic processes occurring both in a single jet and in a system of jets interacting with the metal. The computational difficulties are aggravated by the fact that when interacting with the surface the jet as such disappears. The ﬂat (fan) ﬂow interacts with the surface: form, aerodynamic properties and thermal state of the ﬂow strongly diﬀer from those of the original jet. The studies were conducted on the basis of numerical simulation in the FloEFD software and computing complex for multiphysical simulation based on solution of the equations of gas dynamics and heat transfer. The solved system of equations consisted of Navier-Stokes equations, equations of energy and continuity and was supplemented by k – ε turbulence model. A three-dimensional model was developed for simulation, the necessary properties, initial and boundary conditions were specified. In the study of aerodynamics of a single high-temperature jet interacting with the surface, the main defining values were: nitrogen ﬂow rate from the nozzle U0 , nitrogen temperature T, internal diameter of the nozzle d0 , distance from the nozzle section to the surface h, distance from the critical point (point of intersection of the jet axis with the surface) along the ﬂow radius r. Data on the gas velocity decrease as the jet develops due to the loss of initial energy to engage the motionless surrounding gas in motion, is presented. The studies have shown that increase in the initial velocity of gas outﬂow brings the area of higher velocities closer to the surface both in the jet itself and in the fan jet. This factor contributes to heat transfer intensification. In addition, high speeds increase the total thickness of the fan ﬂow and reduce the thickness of hydrodynamic boundary layer, which increases with distance from the critical point.
EFFECT OF A CERAMIC INSERT WITH SWIRLER ON GAS DYNAMICS AND HEAT EXCHANGE IN A BLAST FURNACE TUYERE
Authors: Gorbatyuk S. M. , Tarasov Yu. S. , Levitskii I. A. , Radyuk A. G. , Titlyanov A. E.
Published: June 2019

The use of natural gas can reduce the amount of coke needed to produce cast iron. In a common tuyere natural gas is pressed against the surface of the air passage by a stream of hot blow and mixes poorly with it. It leads to incomplete burning of natural gas and its pyrolysis. One way to improve the mixing of natural gas and hot blow is to install the swirler in the air passage. In this case, however, intensification of natural gas burning inside the tuyere can lead to a burnout of the inner cylinder. In Ansys Fluent 18.2, using insulation insert with a swirler made in the form of a collar step at different places along the length of the insert, simulation of gas dynamics and its thermal state is carried out to solve the problem of mixing natural gas and hot blow in the air passage of tuyere. Simpler assumptions were adopted. Among which the simulation area included not only the fluid medium inside the air passage, but also the insulation insert, i.e. the associated problem of heat exchange was solved, and the processes of transfer of heat to water of the cooling system are taken into account in extended boundary conditions. The simplified calculation area scheme was created in the DesignModeler application, and the calculated grid was created in the AnsysMeshing application. The boundary conditions were set for blow (natural gas), as well as for the border of the insert with an air gap separating it from the internal cylinder and the fluid with the tuyere nose. Taking into account the symmetry of the computation region, the calculations were made for the half of tuyere. It has been found that mixing of natural gas and hot blow improves as the swirler moves along the length of the insert to the exit from the air passage. At the same time, in the swirler place the diameter of air passage is not less than downstream of the tuyere. The swirler`s shift toward the exit from air passage reduces the thermal load on the insert, thereby increasing its service life.
CONTROL OF FLUORINE IN METALLURGICAL FUEL
Authors: Murav’eva I. V. , Bebeshko G. I.
Published: June 2019

Metallurgical fuel, including various types of mineral fuels: coke, hard coal, brown coal, peat, combustible shales and products of their technological conversion – needs environmental control of their use safety. When burning metallurgical fuel, harmful substances fall into the environment such as chlorine, fluorine, sulfur, arsenic, which worsen the environmental situation. Technical regulations on the safety of coal products contain requirements to limit the content of harmful impurities and their maximum permissible concentrations. Due to the wide spread of fluorine in natural and technological objects and the high toxicity of its compounds, the control of fluorine content is an urgent problem in the industrial use of metallurgical fuel. Physical methods for the determination of fluorine in solid fuel based on excitation of different spectra of the studies allow to identify it without decomposition directly in the source solid material, however, they have several limitations (sensitivity, accuracy of definition, complexity of hardware design). In other methods, mainly in ionchromatography and ionometry, samples are decomposed and fluorine is transferred into the solution. High temperature processes: pyrohydrolysis and combustion melting are usually used for decomposition. The aim of this work was to create a selective method for ionometric determination of fluorine with a fluoride-selective electrode. The study objects were samples of coal: brown, gas, semicoke, coke nut. Effective decomposition of the samples by two-stage high-temperature melting with KNaCO3 is proposed. Hydrolysis coprecipitation of accompanying interfering cations with chloride iron (II) was carried out for fluorine discharge in the solution in the form of free fluoride. The procedure of decomposition and ionometric determination of fluorine is described. The estimation of trueness and reproducibility of the developed technique by the method of sample variation was carried out. Fluorine content in the studied samples did not exceed the limit- tolerance values for commercial samples of coal products, which indicates the environmental safety of the samples in their subsequent energy application. The developed method is promising for the control of fluorine impurity in metallurgical fuel and is characterized by selectivity and simple carrying out.
Kış Turizmi Destinasyonlarının Algılanan Performansı: Türkiye’deki Beş Destinasyonun Kıyaslaması
Authors: EVREN Savaş , KOZAK Nazmi
Published: June 2019

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Kış turizmi pazarı, dünyada en hızlı büyüyen turizm pazarlarından biridir. Türkiye’de ise özellikle 2000’lerin başından itibaren hem arz hem de talep anlamında önemli gelişmeler yaşanmaktadır. Ancak Türkiye’deki kış turizmi destinasyonlarını, ziyaretçi algıları çerçevesinde inceleyen araştırma sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin beş rekabetçi kış turizmi destinasyonunun (Erciyes, Kartalkaya, Kartepe, Palandöken, Uludağ) yerli ziyaretçilerce algılanan performansının karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde ortaya konması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplamak amacıyla anket tekniğinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, performans değerlendirmeleri için önem-performans analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular, ilgili destinasyonlar arasında algılanan performansı en yüksek olanın Erciyes olduğunu göstermiştir. Diğer dört destinasyon arasındaki performans sıralaması ise yüksekten düşüğe doğru; Palandöken, Uludağ, Kartalkaya, Kartepe şeklindedir. Uludağ ve Kartalkaya’da fiyat ve pist yoğunluğuna ilişkin maddelerin; Palandöken’de güvenlik ve fiyata ilişkin maddelerin; Kartepe’de ulaşım ve manzara dışındaki tüm maddelerin destinasyon yöneticilerinin öncelik vermesi gereken maddeler olduğu bulunmuştur. Erciyes’te ise öncelikli olarak iyileştirilmesi gereken bir madde bulunmamıştır.
Effects of the different anesthetic methods on postoperative hospitalization and use of analgesia in varicocele surgery
Authors: BORAN Ömer Faruk , KANDİLCİK Mehmet , TÜRKAY Bekir , KATI Bülent , DEMİRKOL Mehmet Kutlu , BARUT Osman , ORAK Yavuz , ÇALIŞIR Feyza
Published: June 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to
evaluate the effect of different anesthetic methods used in varicocele surgery
on postoperative pain relief needs and duration of hospitalization.Material and Methods: This study included 299 patients
operated with varicocele between 2014 and 2018. 
patients were divided into general anesthesia+local anesthesia (20 ml
prilocaine (2%)) skin infiltration [general anesthesia group (Group 1, n=50)],
patients only administered spinal anesthesia [spinal anesthesia group (Group 2,
n=142)], patients administered spinal anesthesia+TAP block [spinal+TAP block
group (Group 3, n=52)] and patients administered spinal anesthesia and
intrathecal morphine [spinal+ITM group (Group 4, n=55)].Results: The
analgesic use in the general anesthesia group was not different from the spinal
anesthesia group (p>0.05), but was different compared to the spinal+TAP
group and spinal+ITM group (p<0.05, for both).  Postoperative analgesic use is assessed for
patients, the general anesthesia group was observed to have significantly
shorter time for first analgesic use compared to the other groups (p=0.001).
When patients are assessed in terms of the cost of anesthetic method, the
highest cost method was in the spinal+TAP group.

Conclusion: Despite relatively high cost of
administration of spinal anesthesia+TAP block for varicocele surgery, it is an
effective and reliable method with lower analgesic requirements and shorter
duration of hospital stay.
BRIDGE- HTAPP_Depletion of CD45+ cells from ovarian cancer ascites single cell suspensions for single-cell RNA-Seq v1
Authors: Izar Benjamin , Shah Parin , Su Mei-Ju , Wakiro Isaac , Napolitano Sara , Wu Jingyi , Vigneau Sébastien , Rotem Asaf , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Johnson Bruce , Regev Aviv
Published: June 2019

This protocol is adapted from the CD45 MicroBeads MACS Separation protocol from Miltenyi Biotec (Cat No 130-045-801). CD45+ cells are labeled with microbeads following which, on passing through a MACS column in a magnetic field, they are retained within the column while the CD45- cells flow through and are collected for single-cell RNA-seq.
Akta Pure General Protocol v2
Authors: Kwon Annie
Published: June 2019

A general protocol for running and cleaning the Akta Pure. Always refer to manuals for specific columns before a run for specific details regarding a column's pressure limits, capatability with specific buffers and reagents, equilibration procedures, and cleaning procedures.
Denver Botanic Gardens Research and Conservation Field Work Metadata Dictionary v1
Authors: A Levy Richard , Sahud Amy , Alba Christina , Deprenger-Levin Michelle , Hufft Rebecca
Published: June 2019

Glossary of terms agreed upon and used by Denver Botanic Gardens Research and Conservation during the 2018 field season.
HTAPP_Dissociation of human metastatic breast cancer core needle biopsy to a single-cell suspension for single-cell RNA-seq v1
Authors: Slyper Michal , Waldman Julia , Wu Jingyi , Kanodia Abhay , Vigneau Sébastien , Rotem Asaf , Johnson Bruce , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Regev Aviv
Published: June 2019

This protocol is used for the dissociation of human metastatic breast cancer core needle biopsies to a single-cell suspension compatible with loading into 10x Genomics Single-Cell RNA-seq system. It has been successfully applied to biopsies originating from breast, liver, and lymph node.
HTAPP_Dissociation of human primary lung cancer resection to a single-cell suspension for single-cell RNA-seq v1
Authors: Slyper Michal , Waghray Avinash , Waldman Julia , Wakiro Isaac , Su Mei-Ju , Vigneau Sébastien , Rotem Asaf , Johnson Bruce , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Regev Aviv
Published: June 2019

This protocol is used for the dissociation of human primary lung cancer resections to a single-cell suspension compatible with loading into 10x Genomics Single-Cell RNA-seq system. It has been successfully applied to Non-Small Cell Adenocarcinoma from which it was able to capture a diversity of cell types, including epithelial/tumor, mesenchymal, endothelial, myeloid, and lymphoid cells.
FFPE tissue staining for Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging (MIBI) analysis v1
Authors: Jiang Sizun , Rovira-Clave Xavier , Bosse Marc , C Bendall Sean , Angelo Michael , P Nolan Garry
Published: June 2019

Multiplexed ion beam imaging (MIBI) is a method that uses secondary ion mass spectrometry to image antibodies tagged with isotopically pure elemental metal reporters. It is capable of analyzing up to 50 targets simultaneously over a five-log dynamic range. MIBI was developed by Mike Angelo and Sean Bendall in the laboratory of Garry Nolan at Stanford. The current instrument is commercialized by IonPath Inc. The protocol below describes the staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. It was optimized in the Angelo and Bendall labs at Stanford, and further refined in the Nolan lab to its current form.
Protocols for Image Capture and Data Recording in the Field v1
Authors: A Levy Richard
Published: June 2019

In effort to increase usefuleness of images that we capture in the field, Denver Botanic Gardens Research and Conservation has implemented this protocol to record information about photographs taken in the field. Photographers record information about the subjects of their photographs in a separate notebook. The information cooresponds to specimen and site data. The end goal (not outlined in this protocol) is to embed specimen and site data into the image file's XMP metadata, thus making links to shared data easier to make.
HTAPP_Processing human ovarian cancer ascites to a single-cell suspension for single-cell RNA-seq v1
Authors: Izar Benjamin , Shah Parin , Su Mei-Ju , Wakiro Isaac , Napolitano Sara , Wu Jingyi , Vigneau Sébastien , Rotem Asaf , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Johnson Bruce , Regev Aviv
Published: June 2019

This protocol is used to process human ovarian cancer ascites to a single-cell suspension compatible with loading into 10x Genomics Single-Cell RNA-seq system. In a majority of samples, more than 95% of ascites cells are CD45+ leukocytes. Depletion of CD45+ cells has been included to gain more insight into tumor cells and their non-immune microenvironment. For samples in which the original proportion of leucocytes is higher than 95%, similar proportions of CD45+ and CD45- cells are typically recovered post-depletion, thus allowing to simultaneously assess the immune and non-immune microenvironment. For samples with a lower proportion of leucocytes, the non-immune cells tend to be predominant following depletion.
Translation Procedure of Happy Emotion of English into Indonesian in Kṛṣṇa Text
Authors: Suryasa I Wayan , Sudipa I Nengah , Puspani Ida Ayu Made , Netra I Made
Published: June 2019

The current study is aimed at identifying the translation procedure of happy emotion of English into Indonesian. The emotion of happy is translated into several words included bahagia, senang, suka, lega, kesenangan, gembira ria, riang, ceria, patah hati, and tenteram. The structural and metalinguistic differences between language and culture, the effects of certain styles cannot be achieved without disturbing lexis or syntactic order in the target language. In such cases, it is a more complex procedure must be used to convey the meaning of the source text. It may looks quite modern, or even unusual, indirect translation procedure allow translators to exercise over strict control the reliability of their efforts. The cultural system owned in SL and TL is at a high level and/or high context. It prioritizes positive emotions, positive thinking, and positive face rather than negative emotions. It is possible to be an evaluative the emotion in a part or fully their configuration meaning and explication technique. The most of emotive words has a positive evaluation regarded to positive feelings. It is categorized as a style and strategy communication.
A Comparative Study on Teacher Talk of Australian and Chinese English Teachers in an Academic English Writing Course in Chinese EFL Classrooms
Authors: Wang Julan
Published: June 2019

Research on teacher talk has shown that many different teaching behaviors between native English speaking teachers and non-native English speaking teachers may result form their different English proficiency. This paper aims to examine the differences between Australian English teachers (AETs) and Chinese English teachers (CETs) in an Academic English Writing course in ELF classrooms in China in terms of language use, linguistic complexity, and linguistic variety. Two university teachers (one AET and one CET) were recorded and observed for two weeks in October of 2017 in SHU-UTS Business School of Shanghai University. Data were collected via classroom observation and analyzed by a qualitative research method. The findings revealed although there are some differences in language use, linguistic complexity and linguistic variety, both teachers are highly aware of the marking criteria for the writing task of the academic English writing course and emphasize their teacher talk quality input for their students. The results, therefore, can help teachers from Australian and Chinese cultures to continuously work on high quality teacher talk and facilitate the development of a specific language skill-academic English writing for English learners in EFL Chinese classrooms.
STRUCTURAL DECOMPOSING OF INNOVATIONS AND INVESTMENTS PROJECTS
Authors: Firova S. V. , Kalinina O. V. , Barykin S. E.
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the process of investing and planning innovative projects. A systematization of a variety of factors influencing business models and investment aspects of innovative investment projects in their stepwise (iterative) reflection is given. Specialattention is given to the classification of innovations, a matrix of types of innovations has been developed in the process of analysis. A conceptual framework for structuring innovation and investment activities has been proposed with the goal of generalized systematization of the stages and factors of structuring innovation and investment projects. The thesis on the systemic nature of open innovation is argued and principles for evaluating the effectiveness of innovative investment projects are proposed. In the course of the study, a model for the distribution of investment sources was developed, taking into account the planned rate of return.
The results of staged endovascular revascularization with use of stents with third generations of drug-eluting and biodegradable polymer in patients with acute coronary syndrome and multivessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Bocharov Aleksandr V. , Popov Leonid V.
Published: June 2019

Background. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is currently the leading cause of people’s death worldwide.
Objective. Based on the analysis of a combined end point, MACCE, to estimate the efficacy and safety of the strategy of staged endovascular revascularization in comparison with heart bypass surgery in patients with ACS and multivessel involvement in a distant time period.
Methods. We have performed an analysis of the long-term results of staged endovascular revascularization of the myocardium using 3d generation drug-eluting stents with a biodegradable polymer coating in patients with ACS and multivessel involvement, in comparison with the results of heart bypass surgery.
Results. According to the non-inferiority hypothesis test, the non-inferior efficacy of staged endovascular revascularization in comparison with heart bypass surgery has not been proven, using the MACCE combined point of emerging major cardiovascular events, the frequency of repeated revascularization in the groups does not exhibit statistically significant differences.
Conclusion. Heart bypass surgery is comparable to endovascular revascularization with the use of 3d generation drug-eluting stents in the frequency of repeated revascularizations.
Familial mediterranean fever: clinical case
Authors: Saykovskiy Roman S. , Sadovnikova S. V.
Published: June 2019

Background. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the brightest exponent of autoinflammatory diseases. FMF usually occurs to people of Mediterranean origin (Jews, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Arabs, Kurds, Greeks, Turks and Italians). This is a hereditary disease with the autosomal recessive inheritance. Includes history of research, epidemiology FMF, variants of the disease course, methods of treatment.
Clinical case description. A 61-year-old woman arrived complaining of weakness, fever, joint pain. First sign of disease showed at 20-years-old. When she came in: WBC 20.1–109/l, HGB 6.7 g/ml, ESR 60 mm/h, CRP 100 mg/l, CRP 202 μmol/L, UREA 19.7 mmol/L. Quantity of protein in one liter of urine 0.160 g. Ultrasonic signs of pyelectasis in both kidneys. The diagnosis was made on the basis of characteristic attacks of fever, polyarthritis, thoracalgia of Armenian nationality patient. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of amyloidosis and genetic data.
Conclusion. Knowledge of the FMF clinical profile is important for differential diagnosis with many acute conditions, e.g. acute abdomen, myocardial infarction, pneumothorax, rheumatic diseases. It is important to remember that untimely diagnosis and improper treatment lead to the development of AA-amyloidosis (30–40%) with the outcome of renal failure.
Disorders of fine motor skills after a stroke: the processes of neuroplasticity and sensorimotor integration
Authors: Ekusheva Eugeniia V. , Komazov A. A.
Published: June 2019

Background. Impairment of fine motor skills in the hand is one of the most frequent causes of the persistent loss of professional skills, social maladjustment, and the impossibility of self-care in patients after a stroke, which ultimately leads to a significant reduction in the quality of their life. The article discusses the features of the fine motor skills’ impairment in the hand in patients after a stroke, in the context of a lateralized hemispheric lesion.
Methods. We have studied 26 patients after a primary ischemic stroke in the pool of middle cerebral artery of the right (n=12) or left (n=14) brain hemisphere. The average age of patients was 55.7±7.3 years. Patients with a right-sided ischemic stroke were comparable to those with a left-sided stroke in their age, disease duration, size of the lesion and the gender ratio.
Results. All the patients after an ischemic stroke had motor impairment in the form of a hemiparesis of a mild or moderate degree.
Discussion. We suggest the existence of differentiated mechanisms for the development of fine and highly coordinated voluntary movements in the hand of patients after an ischemic stroke, depending on the lateralization of the supratentorial lesion: diffuse deficit of the afferent support in a right-sided ischemic stroke vs. bilateral efferent deficit for a left hemisphere lesion.
Conclusion. The obtained data on the differentiated mechanisms for the development of fine and highly coordinated voluntary movements in the hand of patients after an ischemic stroke warrant the necessity of a further, more targeted research on those disorders in the post-stroke period, on order to optimize the existing rehabilitation approaches and improve the functional potential and quality of life of such patients.
Harlequin’s face — a rare form of autonomic dysfunction during dissection of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Belopasov Vladimir V. , Gubanova Maria V. , Belopasova Anastasia V. , Kalashnikova Ludmila A. , Dobrinina Larisa A.
Published: June 2019

A comprehensive examination and dynamic observation of a patient with clinical manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia and dissection of the internal carotid arteries revealed a symptom complex characteristic of Harlequin syndrome. The description of this form of pathology is given for the first time in the national literature. A brief review presents the diagnostic criteria and mechanisms for the development of this rare autonomic dysfunction.
Cambio estructural de la vocación agrícola y pecuaria en el municipio de Purificación, Tolima, Colombia
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez Wilson , Nieto Gómez Libia Esperanza , Giraldo Díaz Reinaldo
Published: June 2019

En el municipio de Purificación, Tolima, Colombia, las economías basadas en el monocultivo del arroz y la explotación de hidrocarburos son los principales renglones de las actividades productivas. Este modelo extractivista ha generado un cambio abrupto en el uso y tenencia de la tierra; en los modos de vida de las comunidades y en las transformaciones de las relaciones sociales de este territorio. Además, el conflicto social y armado colombiano se constituyó en uno de los escenarios del despojo sistemático de la tierra. Metodológicamente, se analiza críticamente la Visión 2025 del departamento del Tolima, contrastándola con las mejores prácticas de la literatura y con observaciones en la zona, para desarrollar una postura crítica desde la perspectiva de las comunidades y la sociedad. Se pudo visibilizar el progresivo cambio estructural de la vocación agrícola y pecuaria de una agricultura familiar campesina a un modelo de economía extractivista. Se concluye que el acaparamiento de la tierra se constituye en un verdadero obstáculo para la pervivencia de las economías campesinas y sus modos de vida, su cultura y sus procesos identitarios ligados al uso comunitario de la tierra. Pese a la existencia de políticas públicas enfocadas al desarrollo de las comunidades rurales y cuidado de los ecosistemas, los entes territoriales están lejos de lograr dar respuesta a la gravísima situación de las comunidades rurales. La actual configuración del uso y tenencia de la tierra en el municipio de Purificación, permite comprender lo inicuas que han sido las políticas públicas en el campo colombiano.
Intervención sistémica con familias: de la linealidad a la circularidad
Authors: Páez-Cala Martha Luz
Published: June 2019

This is an applied research carried out in a formative context of systemic orientation in postgraduate studies. The objective was to identify some factors that favor the transition from a linear thinking to a circular one characteristic of the systemic task, which operates through feedback loops to enhance change, in therapists and consultants, both teachers and students in training. Methodology: It was carried out through focus groups and indepth interviews in reflective conversational settings. Participants: three lecturers of theoretical-practical seminars and seven students of the Specialization in Psychotherapy and Systemic Consultancy of the University of Manizales. Results: Three novelties were identified in the experiences of systemically oriented psychologists: linear and circular thinkings do not appear isolated or exclusive, they can be transposed from one to another. This constitutes an adventure facilitated by the need to articulate human dilemmas in a context of relational responsibility, which implies the self-reference of the intervener. Participants agree on basic factors and relieve the mainstreaming from the cognitive, emotional, and pragmatic sphere in this transit, also, highlight an innovative movement at the time of immersing in logics of circular nature.
En medio de la violencia: recursos, tácticas y violencia contra el sector ganadero
Authors: Ponce de León-Calero Alejandro
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the main results of a research study on the interactions between stockbreeders and armed groups in relation to the illegal collection of funds, as narrated in the stockbreeders’ testimonies and memories. The paper relies on both statistical and narrative analysis methodologies in order to explore the patterns and configurations in interactions with armed groups. It is argued here that the stockbreeders were not supporters or passive victims, rather they acted strategically when making decisions and relying on social and financial capitals actors to negotiate the terms of their own subjugation. Drawing upon studies on remembrance and historicization of the Colombian armed conflict, the paper stresses the need to understand local contexts, taken as spaces of uncertainty, agitation, and ongoing readjustment. The paper also cautions scholars against the tendency to reduce the interactions between civilians and armed groups to mere economic or political motivations. Rather, these interactions are considered to emerge mainly from individuals’ everyday concerns and the desire to protect their lives.
The problem of safety of lipid-lowering therapy
Authors: Zykov M V.
Published: June 2019

This study focused on analysis of current publications evaluating safety of lipid-lowering therapy. Search for literature was performed on websites of cardiological societies and online databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and eLibrary by the following key words: statins, statin intolerance, lipid-lowering therapy, statin safety, and statin аdverse effects. The focus is on statins, in view of the fact that they are the most commonly prescribed, highly effective and safe drugs for primary and secondary cardiovascular prophylaxis. This review consistently summarized information about myopathies, hepatic and renal dysfunction, potentiation of DM, and other possible adverse effects of lipid-lowering therapy. The author concluded that despite the high safety of statins acknowledged by all international cardiological societies, practicing doctors still continue unreasonably cancel statins, exposing the patient under even greater danger. Information about the corresponding author: