bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Shading on Leaf Anatomical Structure, Photosynthesis Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Jumrani Kanchan , Bhatia Virender Singh , Hussain Sajad , Kataria Sunita , Yang Xinghong , Brestic Marian
Published: November 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different shade treatments (0%, 35%, 50% and 75%) on physiological traits and yield attributes of two soybean genotypes namely JS 97‐52 and JS 95‐60. The results clearly showed that plants which were grown under control conditions exhibited the highest values for specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content, leaf thickness and stomatal density, whereas the lowest values were observed in plants subjected to 75% shading. Moreover, a significant reduction in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and electron transport rate was observed with decreased solar radiation. Performance index, fluorescence area, Fv/Fo, Fo/fm, ABS/CSo, DIo/CSo, TRo/CSo and ETo/CSo were also reduced under heavy shade. Seed yield was reduced by 24%, 47% and 62% in JS 97‐52 and by 51%, 82% and 92% in JS 95‐60 under 35%, 50% and 75% shading, respectively, compared to the control conditions. Therefore, to enhance crop productivity under intercropping, the effects of shade should be taken into consideration.
Dry Spell Dynamics Impacting the Productivity of Rainfed Crops Over the Semi‐Arid Regions of South‐East India
Authors: Bal Santanu Kumar , Kumar Koilakonda Ashok , Sudheer Kaipa Venkata Subrahmanya , Subba Rao Abburi Venkata M. , Pavani Kanagala , Reddy Chagam Venkata Chandra Mohan , Reddy Bodireddy Sahadeva , Chandran Malamal Alickal Sarath , Manikandan Narayanan , Singh Vinod Kumar
Published: November 2024

The crop productivity in rainfed regions is driven by the quantum and distribution of rainfall during the crop growth period. The dry spell index (DSI) was used in the present investigation to quantify the cumulative impact of dry spells on major rainfed crops of the kharif season (June–September) in India's semi‐arid regions of Andhra Pradesh. The effect of DSI on the yield of major rainfed crops, i.e., groundnut, pigeon pea, cotton, maize and pearl millet was estimated and compared with the widely used standard precipitation index (SPI). Our results revealed that among the various districts, a higher DSI (> 16.1) was noticed in Anantapur that experienced a DSI of 8.1–16.0 in 77% of the years during the study period (1998–2019), which indicated that the crop suffered stress conditions during the season affecting the crop yields. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between the yields of various crops (groundnut, pigeon pea, maize and pearl millet) and DSI. On the other hand, SPI analysis showed that 74%–83% of the years experienced normal (−0.99 to 0.99) to moderately dry (−1.00 to −1.49) conditions, indicating normal rainfall status during the season. At the same time, no significant correlation was found between the SPI and crop yields. Therefore, the present study revealed that the DSI performed better in quantifying the dry spells and their impact on crop yields, especially under rainfed conditions in the semi‐arid regions of south‐east India.
The Effect of AI‐Based Systems on Mathematics Achievement in Rural Context: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Khazanchi Rashmi , Di Mitri Daniele , Drachsler Hendrik
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite educational advances, poor mathematics achievement persists among K‐12 students, particularly in rural areas with limited resources and skilled teachers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based systems have increasingly been adopted to support the diverse learning needs of students and have been shown to enhance mathematics achievement through personalized learning experiences by adapting to student's needs. Existing studies have documented the positive impact of AI‐based systems on mathematics achievement. However, there is a lack of research that has studied AI‐based systems on students' mathematics achievement and engagement in rural settings. The present study addresses the existing literature gap by focusing on the AI‐based Edmentum Exact Path, analyzing its effectiveness in enhancing mathematics achievement and engagement among 8th‐grade students in rural schools in the Southern United States. By examining both cognitive and affective engagement, along with students' mathematics achievement, this research explores the role of AI‐based systems in student learning.

Objective

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of Edmentum Exact Path, an AI‐based system, in improving 8th‐grade students' mathematics achievement and affective and cognitive engagement in the Southern United States.

Methods

This study utilized a quasi‐experimental design involving 78 students from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, comparing those receiving supplemental Edmentum Exact Path‐led instruction and traditional teacher‐led methods to a control group receiving only the teacher‐led instructions. Mathematics achievement was measured through pre‐tests and post‐tests, while student engagement was assessed using the 5‐point Student Engagement Instrument (SEI). Statistical analysis was performed using t‐tests and ANOVA.

Results and Conclusions

The findings revealed statistically significant improvements in mathematics achievement for both the experimental and control groups. However, the group using teacher‐led instruction showed a statistically significant improvement in affective engagement, while no statistically significant differences were observed in cognitive engagement between groups.

Implications

The findings suggest that integrating AI‐based systems like Edmentum Exact Path may enhance affective engagement in mathematics among students from rural areas. However, the impact on cognitive engagement remains unclear, indicating a need for further research. These results support the potential for integrating AI‐based systems to enhance mathematics achievement in rural settings.
Multi Professional Consultant Practice—What Is it and How Does the Role Contribute Systems Transformation?
Authors: Peet Jacqueline , Middleton Rebekkah
Published: November 2024

Healthcare systems are facing unprecedented need to respond to an ever‐evolving context of providing safe person‐centred care to its citizens and staff. This transformation requires a rethink of healthcare leadership. Systems leaders are critical for culture change; to support safe patient care, facilitate innovation, build person‐centred teams, and develop a collaborative workforce. Education has been considered the panacea for leadership growth with current models closely connected to qualifications, distinct courses and micro‐credentialing. Yet systems leaders need skills, capacities and experience which augment interprofessional teams to work and innovate in ways which are creative, satisfying and sustaining. These leaders facilitate interprofessional partnerships vertically and horizontally within an organisation. One such role is the Multi Professional Consultant Practitioner, who are expert practitioners and embedded researchers, with a strategic whole system approach, and value all voices toward improving patient and staff experience. This role has been predominantly developed within the United Kingdom. However, a global model would translate this role within health systems more broadly. Potential exists for integrated expertise to enable quality care across the system to meet the needs of their local communities. With this in mind, this scoping review aimed at exploring the Multi Professional Consultant Practitioner role‐what it is and how it contributes to system transformation.
Factors Associated With Junior Nurses Ability to Recognise and Respond to Clinical Deterioration: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Tertiary Hospitals in Malawi
Authors: Chipeta Christina , Lingli Peng , Nget Musa , Thamala Chifundo Benedicto
Published: November 2024

Rationale

Recognising and responding swiftly to patient deterioration is critical for preventing adverse events. Junior nurses play a vital role in identifying the signs of clinical deterioration and initiating interventions. No prior studies have assessed junior nurses’ abilities to manage clinical deterioration in Malawi.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess junior nurses’ ability to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration in Malawian tertiary hospitals and identify associated factors.

Methods

The institutional based cross‐section study design was used which included 322 junior nurses across all departments of four tertiary hospitals in Malawi (November–December 2023). Data collection utilised a questionnaire for clinical deterioration recognition and response ability in junior nurses. Chi‐square, Fisher's exact, and logistic regression tests were used for data analysis.

Findings

Junior nurses achieved a median score of 71 with an interquartile range of 68–75 on the clinical deterioration questionnaire. According to the study, nurses with more work experience, those who worked in intensive care units, and those who participated in discussions about clinical deterioration had better scores. In contrast, nurses with less than 1 year of experience were 5.5 times more likely to struggle with recognising and responding to clinical deterioration than those with 5 years of experience (OR: 5.506, p = 007). Additionally, working in the paediatric department decreased junior nurses’ ability to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration six times compared to working in the intensive care unit (OR: 6.068, p = 0.018). Furthermore, junior nurses who had never engaged in discussions related to clinical deterioration had a seven times higher likelihood of poor ability to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration (OR = 6.954, p = 0.005).

Conclusion

This study highlights the need for specialised training programmes related to clinical deterioration that incorporate active learning, such as clinical scenarios and practical applications, along with mentorship initiatives to enhance junior nurses’ skills and confidence in recognising and responding to clinical deterioration.
Unseen Heroes: Exploring the Impact of Schizophrenia Caregiving on Families
Authors: Chaudhary Ghinasha , Asmat Alia
Published: November 2024

Background

Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that not only affects the individual diagnosed but also has profound implications for their families and caregivers. This paper aims to shed light on the emotional, social and practical challenges faced by caregivers, as well as the coping mechanisms they employ to navigate the complexities of caregiving.

Methods

Through semi‐structured interviews with caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, thematic analysis was employed to uncover the initial reactions, dynamics, daily life impact and coping skills.

Results

Thematic analysis of caregiver interviews reveals dominant themes including the emotional rollercoaster of caregiving, fostering fulfilling lives for loved ones with schizophrenia, the balancing act of caregiving responsibilities and the importance of social support networks.

Conclusion

Caregivers often experience a wide range of emotions, from love and empathy to frustration and helplessness, as they navigate the challenges of supporting their loved ones with schizophrenia. Additionally, caregivers may face stigma, social isolation and financial strain, further complicating their caregiving journey.
Effects of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lactate, and Sodium Diacetate on the Growth Probabilities of Salmonella Spp. and Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Hwang Cheng‐An , Huang Lihan , Sheen Shiowshuh
Published: November 2024

Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus have been linked to foodborne illnesses caused by the consumption of processed meat products. This study examined the growth probabilities of these two pathogens as affected by sodium chloride (salt), sodium lactate, and sodium diacetate in a solid medium for using these three additives to improve the microbial safety of processed meat. Sterilized tryptic soy agar (TSA, 200 μL) formulated with a combination of salt (3%–8%, aw 0.98–0.93), lactate (0%–2.4%), and diacetate (0%–0.25%) and inoculated with Salmonella spp. or S. aureus was dispersed into 96‐well microplates and incubated at 37°C for 7 days. After incubation, a well showing any Salmonella spp. or S. aureus colonies was denoted as a growth event, otherwise a no‐growth event. The number of growth events for each formulation was recorded. The effects of the additives on the growth event were analyzed by logistic regression to identify the growth and no‐growth boundaries and the formulations that may prevent the growth of Salmonella spp. or S. aureus. For Salmonella spp., the observed minimum no‐growth concentrations in TSA were 3% salt with 0.8% lactate+0.2% diacetate or 1.6% lactate+0.1% diacetate, 4% salt with 2.4% lactate, 5% salt with 0.25% diacetate, 6% salt with 0.8% lactate+0.15% diacetate, 7% salt with 0.8% lactate or 0.15% diacetate, and 8% salt alone. For S. aureus, the concentrations were 3% salt with 2.4% lactate+0.2 diacetate, 5% salt with 1.6% lactate+0.2% diacetate, 7% salt with 0.8% lactate+0.25% diacetate, and 8% salt with 0.8% lactate+0.20% diacetate or 1.6% lactate+0.15% diacetate. These no‐growth formulations also inhibited the growth of both pathogens in cooked meat samples. Mathematical models were developed to describe the effects of the additives on the growth probabilities of Salmonella spp. and S. aureus. Findings from this study may be used for formulating refrigerated and shelf‐stable meat products to reduce Salmonella spp. and S. aureus risk.
Pressure and Temperature Estimation in Greenschist‐Facies Metapelites: An Example From the Variscan Belt in Sardinia
Authors: Petroccia A. , Forshaw J. B. , Lanari P. , Iaccarino S. , Montomoli C. , Carosi R.
Published: November 2024

Phase equilibrium modelling is a powerful method for obtaining pressure–temperature (P–T) estimates in metapelites; however, the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of applying this technique to greenschist‐facies pelites have received little attention. This study uses two greenschist‐facies metapelites from the Nappe Zone in Sardinia (Italy) to examine differences between currently available thermobarometric techniques. First, this work compares P–T estimates from chlorite–K‐white mica–quartz–water and K‐white mica–quartz–water multiequilibrium approaches, the latter integrated with previously published Tmax results from Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material. Consistent P–T conditions are retrieved from these methods for both samples, with P–T estimates suggesting a difference in peak metamorphic conditions between the Internal and External Nappe Zones of Sardinia (peak P–T conditions of 0.6–0.8 GPa, 420°C–450°C and 0.4–0.5 GPa, 370°C–400°C for the Internal and External Nappes, respectively). Second, phase equilibrium modelling was used to assess the ability of six different sets of solution models, alongside their associated thermodynamic datasets, to constrain P–T conditions in the same samples, which are characterized by high‐variance mineral assemblages. Significant differences were found between the six thermodynamic databases, and important discrepancies were recognized between the observed and predicted mineral assemblages and compositions (e.g., Si in K‐white mica). In only one sample, three databases were able to predict the observed natural assemblage. The compositional isopleths for K‐white mica, from the same databases, do not intersect, offering no assistance in constraining P–T conditions. However, one database predicted chlorite's natural composition, yielding a P–T estimate consistent with multiequilibrium methods: ~0.9 GPa, ~350°C–400°C for the Internal Nappe Zone and ~0.5 GPa, ~300°C–350°C for the External Nappe Zone. Although P–T conditions constrained using calculated isopleths from greenschist‐facies metapelites and databases optimized for modelling low‐grade to medium‐grade pelitic systems may be reliable, they should be applied cautiously and compared with estimates from inverse and independent approaches.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Baricitinib Against Traditional Therapies in Severe Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Stefanis Athanasios J. , Dolezal Tomas , Gkalpakiotis Spyridon , Arenberger Petr
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune disease which results in reversible hair loss. Janus kinase inhibitors are prescribed for severe alopecia areata with encouraging results. There are no studies comparing the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors to traditional treatment options, such as topical immunomodulators and traditional immunosuppressants.

Aims

To retrospectively compare the efficacy and safety of baricitinib, an approved Janus kinase inhibitor, to other treatments for severe AA during a 6‐month treatment period.

Materials/Methods

We included patients with newly presenting, relapsing or treatment‐resistant alopecia areata with Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score ≥ 50, for the period between July 2021 and July 2023. Medical histories were reviewed and possible side effects were recorded. Primary endpoints were SALT ≤ 20 and SALT ≤ 10 after 6 months of treatment.

Results

Seventy‐five patients (53 females) were divided into three groups: topical immunomodulators (51 patients); baricitinib (19 patients); and a group receiving pulsed intramuscular corticosteroids or traditional immunosuppressants (11 patients). Twenty‐one patients received more than one treatment options within 2 years. After 6 months, the baricitinib group showed superior efficacy with 32% and 26% of patients achieving SALT ≤ 20 and SALT ≤ 10, compared to 12% and 9% in both other groups. Baricitinib demonstrated better secondary outcomes (50% and 90% reduction from initial SALT scores). All treatments exhibited mild‐to‐moderate and expected side effects. Weight gain, which had not been reported in clinical trials for alopecia areata, was observed in three baricitinib‐treated patients.

Conclusion

Baricitinib was superior to traditional treatments for severe alopecia areata after 6 months. Weight gain concerned 16% of patients receiving baricitinib.
Formulation and Evaluation of Valproic Acid Microemulsions for Enhanced Transfollicular Delivery in Guinea Pig Skin
Authors: Salimi Anayatollah , Jafarian Soroush , Salimi Arghavan , Mohammad Soleymani Saeed
Published: November 2024

Background

Valproic acid (VPA) is used to treat various neurological and psychiatric conditions. While oral VPA can cause hair loss, topical application has shown potential for hair regeneration. This study aimed to develop and evaluate microemulsion (ME) formulations of VPA for enhanced transfollicular delivery.

Methods

VPA‐loaded MEs were prepared using oleic acid, Transcutol P, Tween 80, Labrasol, and Capryol 90. The MEs were characterized for physicochemical properties, stability, in vitro release, and ex vivo permeation through the hairy abdominal and nonhairy ear skin of guinea pigs.

Results

Eight stable ME formulations were developed with droplet sizes ranging from 10 to 24 nm, pH 4.6 to 5.2, and viscosity 77 to 85 cps. In vitro release studies showed controlled release profiles over 24 h. Permeation studies revealed enhanced drug delivery through both follicular and nonfollicular pathways compared with aqueous VPA solution. Formulations with higher surfactant/cosurfactant ratios showed increased permeation through the follicular pathway.

Conclusion

The ME formulations significantly enhanced VPA penetration into both epidermal and follicular pathways compared with aqueous solution. The composition of the MEs, particularly the oil content, water content, and surfactant/cosurfactant ratio, played a crucial role in determining the physicochemical properties and skin permeation parameters of VPA.
Primary splenic ectopic pregnancy: A case report and literature review of a rare issue
Authors: Paolo Verrazzo , Maria Pirozzi Raffaele Emmanuele , Vivian Del Sorbo , Claudio Mauriello , Cristina Stradella , Felice Pirozzi , Luigi Stradella
Published: November 2024

Aim

Primary splenic pregnancy is a rare form of extratubal ectopic pregnancy, frequently associated with life‐threatening abdominal bleeding, with only 51 cases reported in the worldwide literature. The aim of this work, through the proposal of its own index case, is to identify the fundamental steps of the diagnostic process, crucial to reduce the mortality rate, while evaluating the available therapeutic options, through a review of the literature, particularly the more conservative ones, to avoid splenectomy.

Methods

We present the case of a 22‐year‐old woman, showing her diagnostic‐therapeutic pathway. We searched Pubmed and other sources for all publications in English and all available non‐English literature, including historical publications, on this rare topic, to identify the best treatment for these patients. We classified each article by clinical onset, diagnostic and therapeutic strategy, and histological findings, if available.

Results

We reviewed all the 43 cases available in the English‐language literature (plus another paper in German), finding that 72.7% of patients presented in an emergency setting. Seventy‐five percent of patients required splenectomy, 6.8% received pharmacological‐only therapy, 11.3% received arterial embolization before definitive treatment. The other ones received non‐radical surgical treatment.

Conclusions

Primary splenic pregnancy presents challenging diagnostic and therapeutic features. Treatment options (pharmacological, interventional, and/or surgical) should be tailored based on the clinical presentation and hemodynamic status of the patient. Our work would like to stimulate the validation of evidence‐based therapeutic strategies validated by clinical experience.
A Classical Marxian Two‐Sector Endogenous Cycle Model
Authors: Cajas‐Guijarro John
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a Classical Marxian Two‐Sector Endogenous Cycle (CMTSEC) model, merging Dutt's two‐sector Classical convergence model with labor dynamics drawn from the Goodwin model and an endogenous labor supply inspired by Harris's interpretation of capitalist dynamics. Empirical support reinforces these assumptions. Utilizing the Hopf bifurcation theorem and numerical simulations, we demonstrate the emergence of persistent and stable limit cycles involving the wage share, employment rate, and sectoral capital distribution, all without relying on specific capital intensity discrepancies between sectors. This result challenges existing two‐sector models, particularly Sato's extension of the Goodwin model, in which endogenous cycles either do not exist or vanish over time, even when endogenous labor supply is incorporated. Notably, sectoral profit rates exhibit cyclical fluctuations in the CMTSEC model, suggesting a reevaluation of long‐run equilibrium. The findings highlight the role of investment sensitivity to sectoral profit rate disparities in determining cycle stability.
SUMOylation of AL6 regulates seed dormancy and thermoinhibition in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jing Hua , Liu Wei , Qu Gao‐Ping , Niu De , Jin Jing Bo
Published: November 2024

DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) is a critical regulator of seed dormancy and seed thermoinhibition. However, how DOG1 expression is regulated by post‐translational modifications and how seeds transmit the high‐temperature signal to DOG1 remain largely unknown.

ALFIN1‐like 6/7 (AL6/7) was previously found to repress DOG1 expression during seed imbibition. Here, we found that AL6/7 represses seed dormancy partly by downregulating DOG1 expression. AtSIZ1, a SUMO E3 ligase, interacts with AL6 and mediates its SUMOylation mainly at the lysine 181 residue. SIZ1‐mediated SUMOylation of AL6 is required for repression of DOG1 transcription and seed dormancy. SUMOylation of AL6 is required for its association with the DOG1 locus and protects it from ubiquitination and subsequent 26S proteasome‐mediated protein degradation.

High temperatures decrease SUMOylation levels of AL6, resulting in downregulation of AL6 protein levels and an increase in DOG1 transcription, which consequently causes reduced seed germination.

Taken together, these results demonstrate that reversible SUMOylation of AL6 fine‐tunes DOG1 expression, which is required for precise establishment of seed dormancy and inhibition of seed germination under high‐temperature conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Protective effects of exercise on responses to combined social and environmental stress in prairie voles
Authors: Kovalev Dmitry S. , Amidei Alex , Akinbo‐Jacobs Oreoluwa I. , Linley Jessica , Crandall Teva , Endsley Linnea , Grippo Angela J.
Published: November 2024

The combination of social and environmental stressors significantly influences psychological and physical health in males and females, and contributes to both depression and cardiovascular diseases. Animal models support these findings. Voluntary exercise may protect against some forms of stress; however, the protective effects of exercise against social stressors require further investigation. This study evaluated the influence of exercise on the impact of combined social and environmental stressors in socially monogamous prairie voles. Following a period of social isolation plus additional chronic environmental stress, prairie voles were either allowed access to a running wheel in a larger cage for 2 weeks or remained in sedentary conditions. A behavioral stress task was conducted prior to and following exercise or sedentary conditions. Heart rate (HR) and HR variability were evaluated after exercise or sedentary conditions. Group‐based analyses indicated that exercise prevented elevated resting HR and promoted autonomic control of the heart. Exercise was also effective against social and environmental stress‐induced forced swim test immobility. Some minor sex differences in behavior were observed in response to exercise intensity. This research informs our understanding of the protective influence of physical exercise against social and environmental stressors in male and female humans.
Asymmetric role of energy sources on economic growth of Nigeria: Evidence from nonlinear approaches
Authors: Saliminezhad Andisheh , Birnintsaba Dahiru Alhaji‐Bala , Ozdeser Huseyin
Published: November 2024

Nigeria has plentiful sources of renewable energies that are yet to be efficiently utilised, despite the country committing to net‐zero emissions by 2060, declared at the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2021, which necessitates lower consumption of fossil fuels. However, this commitment may divert the country from ending poverty as the main goal of sustainable development. This study seeks to identify the asymmetric effects of renewable and non‐renewable sources of energy used in electricity generation, along with CO2 emissions on the economic growth of Nigeria through asymmetric approaches. The findings indicate that Nigeria should mainly pursue policies concentrating on increased consumption of non‐renewable energies in the short run and more renewable energy in the long run to achieve higher economic growth. Furthermore, the long run causality results approving the only feedback relationship existing between renewable energy and economic growth, paves the way for Nigeria so that over the time the country will be able to significantly increase the share of renewable energy through which it can achieve a higher level of economic growth and approach its target of net‐zero emissions by 2060, both of which are the main goals of sustainable development.
3D‐Printed Metacarpal Prosthesis in the Treatment of Primary Osteosarcoma of the First Metacarpal: A Novel Surgical Technique
Authors: He Xuanhong , Tian Leilei , Zou Chang , Lu Minxun , Li Zhuangzhuang , Kenmegne Guy Romeo , Wang Yitian , Luo Yi , Zhou Yong , Min Li , Tu Chongqi
Published: November 2024

Objective

Osteosarcoma at the first metacarpal is extremely rare. Reconstructing the metacarpal after tumor resection is essential, as the thumb accounts for approximately 40%–50% of hand function. Although autografts, arthroplasty, and transposition have been reported as reconstruction options, their use is limited by complications such as secondary injury, nonunion, and displacement. In this study, we present a case of a patient with first metacarpal osteosarcoma who underwent tumor resection followed by reconstruction with a 3D‐printed metacarpal prosthesis. We tend to introduce a novel strategy to reconstruct the first metacarpal and restore the hand function.

Methods

A 30‐year‐old male with 5‐month history of first metacarpal swelling in the left hand was admitted to our center. Imaging examinations and incision biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of intramedullary well‐differentiated osteosarcoma. A 3D‐printed metacarpal prosthesis was then designed to achieve carpometacarpal (CMC) joint fusion and thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint reconstruction. Postoperative evaluations included X‐ray and tomosynthesis‐shimadzu metal artifact reduction technology (T‐SMART) imaging to assess bone‐prosthesis integration. Hand function was measured using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score.

Results

The tumor was completely resected, and a 3D‐printed metacarpal prosthesis was performed to reconstruct the tumor defect. Postoperative imaging showed that the interface between bone and prosthesis was integrated and that there was no loose, displacement, or fracture of the implant. At the last follow‐up, the patient had an MSTS score of 25/30 and a DASH score of 8/100. The range of motion on thumb MCP joint was 30° of flexion and 0° of extension. The Kapandji thumb opposition score was 4 points. The grip strength was 9 kg (compared to 30 kg on the contralateral side) and the key‐pinch strength was 3 kg (compared to 8 kg on the contralateral side).

Conclusion

3D‐printed metacarpal prosthesis could be an effective reconstruction option for patients with low‐grade malignant tumors. Themulti‐planar fixation achieved through 3D surgical planning helps maintain thumb function and restore overall hand function.
Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm Is Associated With Lower Incidence of Stroke in Patients With Drug‐Refractory Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kim Soohyun , Kim Kyung An , Park Soyoon , Kim Hwajung , Choi Young , Oh Yong‐Seog , Kim Sung‐Hwan
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Recent studies have demonstrated that early rhythm control for first‐line treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) improved cardiovascular outcomes. However, there is limited data regarding the long‐term outcome of patients who failed antiarrhythmic drugs and who refuse radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).

Methods

Patients with AF who were refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs and had refused further rhythm control attempts via RFCA were retrospectively identified and propensity‐score (PS) matched with those who had been treated with RFCA. The primary outcome of interest was all‐cause mortality or ischemic stroke.

Results

A total of 169 patients who refused rhythm control with RFCA and PS matched 169 patients who had been treated with RFCA were included for analysis. During a mean follow‐up of 4.3 (2.3;6.9) years, maintenance of sinus rhythm was more achieved in RFCA group (7 [4.1%] in Refuse group vs. 133 [78.7%] in RFCA group, p < 0.001). The incidence of ischemic stroke was significantly higher in patients who refused RFCA compared with patients who underwent RFCA (2.96 per 100 person‐years in the Refused group vs. 0.74 per 100 person‐years in the RFCA group, log‐rank p < 0.001), but all‐cause mortality was not significantly different (log‐rank p = 0.8). Refusal of attempted rhythm control via RFCA was an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke on multivariate Cox analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–8.53, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

In patients with antiarrhythmic drug‐refractory AF, the risk of stroke was significantly higher in patients who refused rhythm control via RFCA compared with that of those treated with RFCA.
Whole‐Genome Identification of the Flax Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Family and Functional Analysis of the LuFAD2.1 Gene Under Cold Stress Conditions
Authors: Lu Jianyu , Xiaoyang Chunxiao , Li Jinxi , Wu Hanlu , Wang Yifei , Di Peng , Deyholos Michael K. , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2024

Fatty acid desaturase (FAD) is essential for plant growth and development and plant defence response. Although flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important oil and fibre crop, but its FAD gene remains understudied. This study identified 43 LuFAD genes in the flax genome. The phylogenetic analysis divided the FAD genes into seven subfamilies. LuFAD is unevenly distributed on 15 chromosomes, and fragment duplication is the only driving force for the amplification of the LuFAD gene family. In the LuFAD gene promoter region, most elements respond to plant hormones (MeJA, ABA) and abiotic stresses (anaerobic and low temperature). The expression pattern analysis showed that the temporal and spatial expression patterns of all LuFAD genes in different tissues and the response patterns to abiotic stresses (heat and salt) were identified. Subcellular localisation showed that all LuFAD2‐GFP were expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. RT‐qPCR analysis revealed that LuFAD2 was significantly upregulated under cold, salt and drought stress, and its overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced cold tolerance genes and reduced ROS accumulation. This study offers key insights into the FAD gene family's role in flax development and stress adaptation.
Wheat Tae‐MIR1118 Constitutes a Functional Module With Calmodulin TaCaM2‐1 and MYB Member TaMYB44 to Modulate Plant Low‐N Stress Response
Authors: Zhang Yanyang , Ma Chunying , Li Xiangqiang , Hou Xiaoyang , Wang Ziyi , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhang Chunlin , Shi Xinxin , Duan Wanrong , Guo Chengjin , Xiao Kai
Published: November 2024

Distinct target genes are modulated by microRNA members and affect various biological processes associated with abiotic stress responses in plants. In this study, we characterized a functional module comprising miRNA/target and a downstream MYB transcription factor partner, Tae‐MIR1118/TaCaM2/TaMYB44, in Triticum aestivum to mediate the plant low‐nitrogen (N) stress response. Dual luciferase (LUC) assay and expression analysis indicated that TaCaM2 is regulated by Tae‐MIR1118 through a posttranscriptional cleavage mechanism. Reporter LUC activity in N. benthamiana leaves co‐transformed with effector CaMV35S::Tae‐MIR1118 and reporter TaCaM2::LUC was significantly reduced, and the transcripts of Tae‐MIR1118 and TaCaM2 in tissues exhibited converse expression patterns under varying N levels. Specifically, the transcripts of Tae‐MIR1118 decreased, whereas those of TaCaM2 increased under low‐N stress in a temporal‐dependent manner. Yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assays indicated that TaCaM2 interacted with the MYB transcription factor TaMYB44. Transgene analysis revealed the negative roles of Tae‐MIR1118 and the positive functions of TaCaM2 and TaMYB44 in regulating plants for low‐N stress adaptation by modulating glutamine synthetase activity, N uptake capacity, and root morphology. Yeast one‐hybrid, transcriptional activation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP‐PCR) assays indicated that TaMYB44 could bind to the promoters of genes TaGS2.2, TaNRT2.1, and TaPIN4 and induce transcription of these stress‐defensive genes. Knockdown of these three genes reduced GS activity, N accumulation, and root growth traits in plants subjected to N starvation. The yield in the wheat variety panel was highly correlated with the transcripts of Tae‐MIR1118, TaCaM2, and TaMYB44 in plants cultured under N‐deprived field conditions. A major haplotype of Tae‐MIR1118, TaMIR1118‐Hap1, enhanced the low‐N stress tolerance of plants. Our findings indicate that the Tae‐MIR1118/TaCaM2/TaMYB44 pathway primarily affects the low‐N response of plants by modulating associated physiological processes.
Fungal endophyte symbionts enhance plant adaptation in Antarctic habitats
Authors: Acuña‐Rodríguez Ian S. , Ballesteros Gabriel I. , Gundel Pedro E. , Castro‐Nallar Eduardo , Barrera Andrea , Carrasco‐Urra Fernando , Molina‐Montenegro Marco A.
Published: November 2024

Despite their genetic adaptation to local conditions, plants often achieve ecological success through symbiotic associations with fungal endophytes. However, the habitat‐specific functionality of these interactions and their potential to drive plant adaptation to new environments remain uncertain. In this study, we tested this using the vascular flora of the Antarctic tundra (Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica), an extreme environment where fungal endophytes are known for playing important ecological roles. After characterizing the root‐associated fungal endophyte communities of both species in two distinct Antarctic terrestrial habitats—hill and coast—we experimentally assessed the contribution of fungal endophytes to plant adaptation in each habitat. The field reciprocal transplant experiment involved removing endophytes from a set of plants and crossing symbiotic status (with and without endophytes) with habitat for both species, aiming to assess plant performance and fitness. The diversity of root fungal endophytes was similar between habitats and mainly explained by plant species, although habitat‐specific endophyte community structures were identified in D. antarctica. Endophytes significantly influenced C. quitensis homeostatic regulation, including oxidative stress and osmotic control, as well as plant fitness in both environments. By contrast, the effect of endophytes on D. antarctica was particularly evident in coastal sites, suggesting an endophyte‐mediated improvement in local adaptation. Altogether, our results suggest that the two Antarctic vascular plant species follow different strategies in recruiting and developing functional symbiosis with root‐associated fungal communities. While C. quitensis is more generalist, D. antarctica establishes specific interactions with habitat‐specific microbial symbionts, predominantly in the most stressful environmental context.
The effect of information, motivation and behavioural skills model‐based Diabetes Education and Motivational Interview Program on health outcomes in middle‐aged adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled study
Authors: Kılınç İşleyen Eda , Kartal Asiye
Published: November 2024

Background

Many models and theories are used to increase the self‐management of individuals with type 2 diabetes. This study aims to examine the effect of information, motivation, behavioural skills (IMB) model‐based diabetes education and motivational interviewing program on health belief, self‐efficacy, self‐management, and metabolic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Method

The study is a single‐blind, randomised controlled trial. The study was conducted between 2021 and 2022 with intervention (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). The intervention group applied the diabetes education and motivational interviews program for 12 weeks that was created based on the IMB model. The study data were collected with a socio‐demographic questionnaire, Diabetes Knowledge Scale, Health Belief Scale, Self‐Efficacy Scale, and Self‐Management Scale.

Results

In the post‐test and follow‐up measurements, the mean scores of the intervention group on the knowledge, health belief, self‐efficacy, and self‐management scale were significantly higher than those of the control group, while the HbA1c% and body mass index (BMI) values of the intervention group showed a significant decrease over time. However, there was no difference between the groups in the post‐test BMI and HbA1c% values.

Conclusion

The nurse‐led intervention was found to be effective in increasing information, health belief, self‐efficacy, self‐management, and decreasing HbA1c%, BMI in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Study Registration

The study was registered in ClinicalTrials NCT05030844.
Maternal–Fetal Blood Flow and Progesterone Concentration in Ewes Sheared at Mid or Late‐Pregnancy
Authors: Rodriguez Mariana Garcia Kako , Bottino Juan Pedro , Frisch María Jesús , Ratto Marcelo , Neimaur Karina , Cal‐Pereyra Luis , Freitas‐de‐Melo Aline , Ungerfeld Rodolfo
Published: November 2024

These studies aimed to determine if shearing ewes at the second or last third of gestation modify the uterine and placentome blood flow, placentome size, and maternal progesterone concentration. Pregnant ewes were assigned to four groups of 12 ewes each according to the gestation period: mid‐pregnancy sheared (on day 90 of pregnancy) or unshorn group; and late‐pregnancy sheared group (on day 121 of pregnancy) or unshorn group. In both experimental periods, using spectral Doppler ultrasonography, placentomes and uterine artery blood flow and placentome size were evaluated 14 days before and 6 days after shearing. An additional measurement was performed 26 days after shearing in mid‐pregnant ewes. Serum progesterone concentration was measured before shearing 4, 24, 72 h, and 22 days after shearing. The uterine artery's end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) tended to be greater in the sheared than in the non‐sheared ewes (p = 0.1). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and EDV of placentome increased (p = 0.05 and p = 0.008, respectively) on day 26, accompanied by an increase in placentome area (p = 0.035) in mid‐pregnant ewes. In late‐pregnant ewes, uterine artery and placentome blood flow and size did not vary. Progesterone concentration varied with time but was not affected by shearing. In conclusion, shearing triggered an increase in placentome size and some changes in blood flow only when ewes were sheared during the second third of their pregnancy. Shearing ewes either the second or last third of gestation did not affect uterine artery blood flow and progesterone secretion.
Adjuvant alum regulates the eIF2a‐GATA3 axis in CD4+ T cells to influence allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Feng Yan , Zhang Zhishou , Huangfu Hui , Han Haiyang , Xie Bailing , Song Shuo , Liu Tao , An Yunfang , Yang Pingchang
Published: November 2024

Allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT) is an aetiology‐targeting therapy for allergic diseases. The therapeutic mechanism of AIT is not fully understood yet. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. This study aims to elucidate the effects of AIT on suppressing allergic response through regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this study, patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were recruited. AIT was conducted for the patients. An allergic rhinitis (AR) mouse model was established with mite extracts as allergens. We found that AIT modulated the endoplasmic reticulum stress status in peripheral CD4+ T cells in patients with allergic rhinitis. The intensity of endoplasmic reticulum stress associated the PERK (protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase)‐eIF2a (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a) axis in CD4+ T cells was upregulated by AIT, which was closely associated with the improvement in allergic rhinitis response after AIT. eIF2a interacted with GATA3 to downregulate the IL4 gene transcription in CD4+ T cells. High doses of aluminium hydroxide (alum) in AIT vaccines enhanced the activity of XBP1 to suppress eIF2a in CD4+ T cells. AIT containing a low dose of alum effectively mitigated the experimental allergic rhinitis, while the AIT without alum or a high dose of alum exacerbated the experimental allergic rhinitis. In conclusion, the alum adjuvant in allergen vaccines can regulate the activity of eIF2a to regulate the expression of Th2 cytokines in CD4+ T cells. Manipulating the alum dose in AIT vaccines has the potential to enhance the therapeutic effects of AIT.
Femicide: A Need for Orientation
Authors: Brodie Nechama R.
Published: November 2024

Femicide can be understood as a political term rather than a legal or medico‐legal one—its contemporary use dates back to the late 1970s, when academics began to explore and define terminologies that exposed the gendered nature of violence, and that when a woman was murdered her gender was not incidental to that fact. Over the past 50 years, femicide (and, in some regions of the world, feminicide) has developed specific political, public health, criminological, and social meanings. In each of these contexts, however, the term/s remain contested, particularly when theoretical or scholarly definitions are applied equivocally between regions with relatively low prevalence of female homicides, and those with high endemic levels of fatal violence, such as in the global south. This article provides an introduction to and orientation of overarching themes, clusters and locations of study within contemporary and legacy academic literature and scholarship on femicide, including a discussion of feminicide, through a review of scholarly and institutional works, invoking frameworks of time, place, typology, discipline, and modes of injury and death.
Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes Among Patients Carrying the Protective HLA‐DQB1*06:02 Allele
Authors: Taka Antti‐Mathias , Härkönen Taina , Vähäsalo Paula , Vatanen Tommi , Lempainen Johanna , Veijola Riitta , Turtinen Maaret , Ilonen Jorma , Knip Mikael ,   the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register
Published: November 2024

We set out to examine in an observational study characteristics of type 1 diabetes at the time of diagnosis among paediatric patients carrying the protective HLA class II DQB1*06:02 allele. We compared characteristics of type 1 diabetes among 5530 Finnish children aged 0–14 years diagnosed between 2003 and 2018. Seventy‐five children with type 1 diabetes carried the DQB1*06:02 allele. The carriers of DQB1*06:02 allele were compared to all children with type 1 diabetes without this allele and those with a high‐risk genotype. We also analysed, how does the genotype of a high‐risk haplotype paired with DQB1*06:02 affect the phenotype of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Carriers of the DQB1*06:02 allele were diagnosed at an older age than those with any other HLA class II genotype (p = 0.003) or the high‐risk genotype (p < 0.001). After adjusting the results for age and sex, no significant differences in clinical markers were observed. Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) levels were higher among carriers of DQB1*06:02 when compared to those with other genotypes (p = 0.033). Having a high‐risk haplotype paired with DQB1*06:02‐positive haplotype was associated with higher levels of islet antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA‐2A) (p < 0.001) and somewhat shorter duration of symptoms (p = 0.043). The association between the protective DQB1*06:02 allele and an older age at diagnosis as well as higher levels of GADA at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was confirmed. The effects of the DQB1*06:02‐positive haplotype seem to dominate when paired with a high‐risk haplotype.
A Novel HLA‐A*24 Variant, HLA‐A*24:02:01:144Q, Identified in a Breast Cancer Patient From Brazil
Authors: Stelet Vinícius N. , Silva Christina , Romero Matilde , Binato Renata , Abdelhay Eliana
Published: November 2024

Identification of the novel HLA‐A*24:02:01:144Q allele that differs from HLA‐A*24:02:01:01 at one position in intron 4.
Identification of the Novel HLA‐DPA1*02:146 Allele by PacBio Sequencing
Authors: Chen Bin , An Tongcui , Lin Yani , Ru Kun , Li Chengping
Published: November 2024

The novel HLA‐DPA1*02:146 allele differs from HLA‐DPA1*02:20 by one nucleotide substitution in exon 2.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐A*36:15 Allele by Next‐Generation Sequencing and Oxford Nanopore Technology
Authors: de Oliveira Anthony Marçal Leão , Massi Fernanda Pelisson , Pinto Larissa Danielle Bahls , Neto Quirino Alves de Lima , Visentainer Jeane Eliete Laguila
Published: November 2024

The new HLA‐A*36:15 allele differs from A*36:01:01:01 at position −44 in exon 1.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐A*23:147 Allele Using New Next‐Generation Sequencing Methods
Authors: Giorno‐Amar Maëlys , Avias Maude , Basire Agnès , Frassati Coralie , Pedini Pascal
Published: November 2024

HLA‐A*23:147 differs from HLA‐A*23:13 allele by one nucleotide substitution in codon 283 in exon 5.