bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A role in resistance
Authors: Eckford Suzanne
Published: November 2014

Suzanne Eckford heads the antimicrobial resistance unit at the Veterinary Medicines Directorate. With European Antibiotic Awareness Day being marked on November 18, she explains why her role and her unit are important to the health of people and animals
Contracts of employment
Authors: Jinman Peter , Beevers Paul
Published: November 2014

Former BVA president, Peter Jinman, and Paul Beevers, who heads the BVA's legal service, will discuss ‘Help! What should and shouldn't be in my contract?’, at the BVA Careers Fair on Thursday, November 21, as part of the London Vet Show.
A thoroughly modern cattle vet
Authors: Adler Andy
Published: November 2014

After qualifying, Andy Adler worked in mixed practice and then travelled abroad, discovering that he loved working on farms and with farmers. He treats sick animals and helps farmers to make their business a success
Ten‐minute chat
Authors: Battersby Ian
Published: November 2014

Ian Battersby recently went to India with Mission Rabies.
Diary of a parliamentary intern
Authors: Jordan Hannah
Published: November 2014

Hannah Jordan, parliamentary intern to Lord Trees, describes the month in parliament; a month in which a number of animal welfare issues were aired
From research to running a charity
Authors: Van Rompay Koen
Published: November 2014

After qualifying as a vet, Koen Van Rompay knew that working in practice would not be for him. He was accepted for postgraduate studies at the University of California, Davis, and became involved in HIV/AIDS research. As discussed in a ‘Ten‐minute chat’ on p ii, he also set up a charity, Sahaya International, which supports grass roots educational and other programmes in Asia and Africa
Developing CPD
Authors: Barr Frances
Published: November 2014

Having been introduced to CPD in her first job in practice, Frances Barr now sits on the other side of the academic fence as the BSAVA's academic director, where she uses the skills she gained teaching at Bristol veterinary school to develop the association's postgraduate certificates
Surprisingly different: small animal practice in New Zealand
Authors: Parkinson Kate
Published: November 2014

Kate Parkinson is a 2006 Bristol graduate who spent the first four years of her career in Melton Mowbray and then worked in Suffolk, before travelling by bus from London to Sydney. She has worked in Australia and New Zealand for four years and currently lives in Invercargill, Southland, New Zealand
Job sharing in wildlife conservation
Authors: O'Brien Michelle , Beckmann Katie
Published: November 2014

Michelle O'Brien and Katie Beckmann share the role of Veterinary and Wildlife Health Officer at the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, allowing them the flexibility to pursue other interests
Ten‐minute chat
Authors: Foster Jodie
Published: November 2014

Jodie Foster is a registered veterinary nurse who works with companion animals at Haygate Veterinary Centre in Telford. She recently won a bursary to study animal behaviour
A career in practice, industry and education
Authors: Hill Lynne
Published: November 2014

Lynne Hill was the first girl from her school to go to vet school and the only female in her year in Dublin. She later became the first female president of BSAVA, giving her a wider view of the veterinary industry that she subsequently joined. She is now chief executive of Langford Veterinary Services
Diary of a parliamentary intern
Authors: Jordan Hannah
Published: November 2014

Hannah Jordan, parliamentary intern to Lord Trees, has been in post for six months and has discovered that she is one of over 500 interns working in the Palace of Westminster.
Ten‐minute chat
Authors: Edmondson Peter
Published: November 2014

Throughout his career, Peter Edmondson has specialised in milk quality and mastitis in dairy cows. He is also an accomplished communicator and uses his skills in training and as an expert witness. He leads the XLVets FarmSkills Africa programme, carrying out voluntary work in Africa.
Ten‐minute chat
Authors: Batson Emma
Published: November 2014

Emma Batson is business manager at XLEquine. She has always had an interest in horses and, after a brief spell working with young racehorses in New Zealand, completed a PhD in equine physiology at the Royal Veterinary College, before working in industry.
New directions: where a veterinary degree can lead
Authors: Moore Jonathan
Published: November 2014

It has been suggested that people have seven careers in their working lifetime. So far, Jonathan Moore has had two, and describes his career as a ‘work in progress’
Diary of a parliamentary intern
Authors: Jordan Hannah
Published: November 2014

Hannah Jordan, parliamentary intern to Lord Trees, describes the State Opening of Parliament and the events that have happened since.
Not the retiring kind…
Authors: Davies Tim
Published: November 2014

Achieving partnership was an early goal for Tim Davies. Having spent 20 years building up a group of practices, he decided to sell most of them and think about retiring. However, he was soon approached by CVS and is now its veterinary director. Nonetheless, he still makes time to practise surgery every week
Diary of a parliamentary intern
Authors: Jordan Hannah
Published: November 2014

Food labelling, non‐native species, dog breeding licensing, the bovine TB strategy, the rural economy, stunning of poultry and WATOK regulations have kept our parliamentary diarist, Hannah Jordan, busy this month.
An enterprising vet working in conservation
Authors: Nsengimana Olivier
Published: November 2014

Rwandan vet, Olivier Nsengimana, recently won a Rolex award for enterprise for his mission to save the grey crowned crane, which is dying out in Rwanda because of illegal poaching. He is currently studying by distance learning for a masters degree in conservation medicine with the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies
A flying start
Authors: McKeown Lynn
Published: November 2014

Lynn McKeown is a business consultant working for the animal health company Zoetis, although her working life began as a member of Aer Lingus cabin crew. Here, she describes her unexpected route into animal health, which almost brings her full circle from her childhood experiences as the daughter of a vet
Ten‐minute chat
Authors: Jones‐Richards Sara
Published: November 2014

Sara Jones‐Richards graduated from the Royal Veterinary College this year. She was recently appointed as an ambassador for the National Sheep Association's (NSA's) Next Generation initiative.
Postactivation potentiation during voluntary contractions after continued knee extensor task-specific practice
Authors: Seitz Laurent B. , Trajano Gabriel S. , Dal Maso Fabien , Haff G. Gregory , Blazevich Anthony J.
Published: November 2014

The purposes of this study were to determine whether performing dynamic conditioning activities (CAs) contributes to postactivation potentiation (PAP); to examine the potential confounding effects of CAs with different velocity, total contraction duration, and total work characteristics; and to gain a greater understanding of potential peripheral and central mechanisms underlying PAP. Voluntary (isokinetic knee extensions at 180°·s−1) and electrically evoked torques and electromyogram (EMG) data were captured before and 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 min after 5 different dynamic CAs (4 knee extensions at 60°·s−1, 4 and 12 at 180°·s−1, and 4 and 20 at 300°·s−1), after the participants had completed a full warm-up including extensive task-specific practice to the point where maximal voluntary contractile capacity was achieved. Even after maximal voluntary contractile capacity had been achieved, the imposition of CAs of longer total contraction duration (6 s) and a minimum total work of ∼750–900 J elicited significant increases in both voluntary (for 7 min; up to 5.9%) and twitch (for 4 min; up to 13.5%) torques (i.e., PAP), regardless of the velocity of the CA. No changes in EMG:M-wave were detected after any CA. A dynamic voluntary CA can contribute to improved voluntary and electrically evoked torques even when maximal voluntary contractile capacity has previously been achieved. Furthermore, a minimum CA contraction duration and minimum total work appear important to increase torque production, although movement velocity appears unimportant. Changes in peripheral function but not central drive may have contributed to the observed PAP under the present conditions.
On the coloring of pseudoknots
Authors: Henrich Allison , Jablan Slavik
Published: November 2014

Pseudodiagrams are diagrams of knots where some information about which strand goes over/under at certain crossings may be missing. Pseudoknots are equivalence classes of pseudodiagrams, with equivalence defined by a class of Reidemeister-type moves. In this paper, we introduce two natural extensions of classical knot colorability to this broader class of knot-like objects. We use these definitions to define the determinant of a pseudoknot (i.e. the pseudodeterminant) that agrees with the classical determinant for classical knots. Moreover, we extend Conway notation to pseudoknots to facilitate the investigation of families of pseudoknots and links. The general formulae for pseudodeterminants of pseudoknot families may then be used as a criterion for p-colorability of pseudoknots.
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide-mediated signaling pathways enhance apical PepT1 expression in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Coon Steven D. , Rajendran Vazhaikkurichi M. , Schwartz John H. , Singh Satish K.
Published: November 2014

We have shown recently that glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), but not glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) augments H+ peptide cotransporter (PepT1)-mediated peptide absorption in murine jejunum. While we observed that inhibiting cAMP production decreased this augmentation of PepT1 activity by GIP, it was unclear whether PKA and/or other regulators of cAMP signaling pathway(s) were involved. This study utilized tritiated glycyl-sarcosine [3H-glycyl-sarcosine (Gly-Sar), a relatively nonhydrolyzable dipeptide] uptake to measure PepT1 activity in CDX2-transfected IEC-6 (IEC-6/CDX2) cells, an absorptive intestinal epithelial cell model. Similar to our earlier observations with mouse jejunum, GIP but not GLP-1 augmented Gly-Sar uptake (control vs. +GIP: 154 ± 22 vs. 454 ± 39 pmol/mg protein; P < 0.001) in IEC-6/CDX2 cells. Rp-cAMP (a PKA inhibitor) and wortmannin [phosophoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor] pretreatment completely blocked, whereas neither calphostin C (a potent PKC inhibitor) nor BAPTA (an intracellular Ca2+ chelator) pretreatment affected the GIP-augmented Gly-Sar uptake in IEC-6/CDX2 cells. The downstream metabolites Epac (control vs. Epac agonist: 287 ± 22 vs. 711 ± 80 pmol/mg protein) and AKT (control vs. AKT inhibitor: 720 ± 50 vs. 75 ± 19 pmol/mg protein) were shown to be involved in GIP-augmented PepT1 activity as well. Western blot analyses revealed that both GIP and Epac agonist pretreatment enhance the PepT1 expression on the apical membranes, which is completely blocked by wortmannin in IEC-6/CDX2 cells. These observations demonstrate that both cAMP and PI3K signaling pathways augment GIP-induced peptide uptake through Epac and AKT-mediated pathways in intestinal epithelial cells, respectively. In addition, these observations also indicate that both Epac and AKT-mediated signaling pathways increase apical membrane expression of PepT1 in intestinal absorptive epithelial cells.
Ground-Level Geriatric Falls: A Not-So-Minor Mechanism of Injury
Authors: Parker Simon , Afsharpad Arash
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Ground-level falls are typically regarded as a minor mechanism of injury that do not necessitate trauma team activation; however, they represent a significant proportion of hospitalised trauma and can result in multisystem injury.Case Presentation. A 79-year-old nursing home resident was brought to the emergency department following an unwitnessed fall. She suffered dementia and had a seizure in the department resulting in a reduced GCS, making history and examination difficult. She was diagnosed with a right proximal humerus fracture and admitted under joint orthopedic and medical care. Following orthopedic review, further X-rays were requested which showed bilateral neck of femur fractures. The following day she had bilateral hip hemiarthroplasties and K-wire stabilisation of the right shoulder. Several days later, when cognition had improved, she was noted to be avoiding use of the left arm and was found to also have a left proximal humerus fracture which was managed conservatively.Conclusion. Trauma patients with reduced cognitive function should undergo full ATLS assessment, and a prospective trial is required to see if age should be incorporated as a criteria for trauma team activation. More liberal use of advanced imaging such as a full body CT-scan may be beneficial.
Angiotensin II, Vasopressin, and Collagen-IV Expression in the Subfornical Organ in a Case of Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH
Authors: Carmona-Calero Emilia M. , González-Toledo Juan M. , Castañeyra-Ruiz Leandro , González-Marrero Ibrahim , Castañeyra-Ruiz María , de Paz-Carmona Héctor , Castañeyra-Ruiz Agustín , Rancel-Torres Nélida , Castañeyra-Perdomo Agustín
Published: November 2014

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a disease characterized by hyponatremia and hyperosmolarity of urine where vasopressin and angiotensin II are implicated in the alteration of salt water balance and cardiovascular and blood pressure regulation. The aim of this study is to analyse the expression of substances related with cardiovascular and salt water regulation in the subfornical organ in a case of SIADH. Two brains, one taken from a 66-year-old man with SIADH and the other from a 63-year-old man without SIADH, were used. Immunohistochemical study was performed using anti-angiotensin II, anti-vasopressin, and anti-collagen-VI as primary antibodies. Angiotensin and vasopressin immunoreaction were found in neurons, in perivascular spaces, and in the ependymal layer in the subfornical organ in both cases. However, in the SIADH case, the angiotensin II and collagen-IV expression in the SFO were different suggesting this organ’s possible participation in the physiopathology of SIADH.
Modeling Design Iteration in Product Design and Development and Its Solution by a Novel Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Chen Tinggui , Xiao Renbin
Published: November 2014

Due to fierce market competition, how to improve product quality and reduce development cost determines the core competitiveness of enterprises. However, design iteration generally causes increases of product cost and delays of development time as well, so how to identify and model couplings among tasks in product design and development has become an important issue for enterprises to settle. In this paper, the shortcomings existing in WTM model are discussed and tearing approach as well as inner iteration method is used to complement the classic WTM model. In addition, the ABC algorithm is also introduced to find out the optimal decoupling schemes. In this paper, firstly, tearing approach and inner iteration method are analyzed for solving coupled sets. Secondly, a hybrid iteration model combining these two technologies is set up. Thirdly, a high-performance swarm intelligence algorithm, artificial bee colony, is adopted to realize problem-solving. Finally, an engineering design of a chemical processing system is given in order to verify its reasonability and effectiveness.
The Generalized Projective Riccati Equations Method for Solving Nonlinear Evolution Equations in Mathematical Physics
Authors: Zayed E. M. E. , Alurrfi K. A. E.
Published: November 2014

We apply the generalized projective Riccati equations method to find the exact traveling wave solutions of some nonlinear evolution equations with any-order nonlinear terms, namely, the nonlinear Pochhammer-Chree equation, the nonlinear Burgers equation and the generalized, nonlinear Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation. This method presents wider applicability for handling many other nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.
Rapunzel Syndrome: A Rare Presentation with Giant Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Athanasiou Antonios , Michalinos Adamantios , Moris Demetrios , Spartalis Eleftherios , Dimitrokallis Nikolaos , Kaminiotis Vaios , Oikonomou Demetrios , Griniatsos John , Felekouras Evangelos
Published: November 2014

The Rapunzel syndrome refers to an uncommon and rare form of trichobezoar that extends past the stomach into the small intestines. The Rapunzel syndrome is usually found in young female patients with a history of psychiatric disorders, mainly trichotillomania and trichophagia. We describe a case of Rapunzel syndrome in a 15-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and weight loss. We performed a surgical laparotomy and successfully removed a huge trichobezoar extending into the small intestine.
Modified Reduced Differential Transform Method for Partial Differential-Algebraic Equations
Authors: Benhammouda Brahim , Vazquez-Leal Hector , Sarmiento-Reyes Arturo
Published: November 2014

This work presents the application of the reduced differential transform method (RDTM) to find solutions of partial differential-algebraic equations (PDAEs). Two systems of index-two and index-three are solved to show that RDTM can provide analytical solutions for PDAEs in convergent series form. In addition, we present the posttreatment of the power series solutions with the Laplace-Padé resummation method as a useful technique to find exact solutions. The main advantage of the proposed technique is that it is based on a few straightforward steps and does not generate secular terms or depend on a perturbation parameter.
Leprosy Mimicking Common Rheumatologic Entities: A Trial for the Clinician in the Era of Biologics
Authors: Rath Deepak , Bhargava Shrinath , Kundu Bijit Kumar
Published: November 2014

Rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthritis, which make up the lion’s share of cases attending a rheumatology clinic, are relatively easy to diagnose. However, when an entity of infective aetiology like leprosy known to be a great mimic of different autoimmune conditions presents with features similar to these, the possibility of it being diagnosed at the outset is very slim indeed. The ease with which the diagnosis of leprosy can be missed assumes sinister proportions as the use of disease modifying agents can have deleterious effects in these patients. In the era of increasing availability and use of biologic disease modifying agents, it is imperative not only to actively rule out the presence of leprosy but also to make it a part of the prebiologic screening of patients in whom biologics are being planned to be administered, especially in leprosy endemic areas.
Heat Shock Protein 70 in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lu Rui-Chun , Tan Meng-Shan , Wang Hao , Xie An-Mu , Yu Jin-Tai , Tan Lan
Published: November 2014

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that caused dementia which has no effective treatment. Growing evidence has demonstrated that AD is a “protein misfolding disorder” that exhibits common features of misfolded, aggregation-prone proteins and selective cell loss in the mature nervous system. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) attracts extensive attention worldwide, because it plays a crucial role in preventing protein misfolding and inhibiting aggregation and represents a class of proteins potentially involved in AD pathogenesis. Numerous studies have indicated that HSP70 could suppress the progression of AD within vitroandin vivoexperiments. Thus, targeting HSP70 and the related compounds might represent a promising strategy for the treatment of AD.
Limitations of Randomized Control Designs in Psychotherapy Research
Authors: Shean Glenn
Published: November 2014

Despite the growing influence of lists of empirically supported therapies (ESTs) there are concerns about the design and conduct of this body of research. These concerns include limitations inherent in the requirements of randomized control trials (RCTs) that favor those psychotherapies that define problems and outcome in terms of uncomplicated symptoms. Additional concerns have to do with criteria for patient selection, lack of integration with research on psychotherapy process and effectiveness studies, limited outcome criteria, and lack of controls for experimenter bias. RCT designs have an important place in outcome research; however it is important to recognize that these designs also place restrictions on what and how psychotherapy can be studied. There is a need for large scale psychotherapy outcome research based on designs that allow for inclusion of process variables and the study of the effects of those idiographic approaches to therapy that do not lend themselves to RCT designs. Interpretative phenomenological analysis may provide a useful method for the evaluation of the effectiveness of idiographic approaches to psychotherapy where outcome is not understood solely in terms of symptom reduction.
Improvement of the Modified Decomposition Method for Handling Third-Order Singular Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations with Applications in Physics
Authors: Dalir Nemat
Published: November 2014

The modified decomposition method (MDM) is improved by introducing new inverse differential operators to adapt the MDM for handling third-order singular nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) arising in physics and mechanics. A few case-study singular nonlinear initial-value problems (IVPs) of third-order PDEs are presented and solved by the improved modified decomposition method (IMDM). The solutions are compared with the existing exact analytical solutions. The comparisons show that the IMDM is effectively capable of obtaining the exact solutions of the third-order singular nonlinear IVPs.
MTHFR Gene C677T Polymorphism in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Sener Elif Funda , Oztop Didem Behice , Ozkul Yusuf
Published: November 2014

Aim. Autism is a subgroup of autism spectrum disorders, classified as a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder and symptoms occur in the first three years of life. The etiology of autism is largely unknown, but it has been accepted that genetic and environmental factors may both be responsible for the disease. Recent studies have revealed that the genes involved in the folate/homocysteine pathway may be risk factors for autistic children. In particular, C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene as a possible risk factor for autism is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the possible effect of C677T polymorphism in a Turkish cohort. Methods. Autism patients were diagnosed by child psychiatrists according to DSM-IV and DSM-V criteria. A total of 98 children diagnosed as autistic and 70 age and sex-matched children who are nonautistic were tested for C677T polymorphism. This polymorphism was studied by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Results. MTHFR 677T-allele frequency was found to be higher in autistic children compared with nonautistic children (29% versus 24%), but it was not found statistically significant. Conclusions. We conclude that other MTHFR polymorphisms such as A1298C or other folate/homocysteine pathway genes may be studied to show their possible role in autism.
Physicochemical Analysis and Molecular Modeling of the Fosinoprilβ-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex
Authors: Udrescu Lucreția , Sbârcea Laura , Fuliaș Adriana , Ledeți Ionuț , Vlase Gabriela , Barvinschi Paul , Kurunczi Ludovic
Published: November 2014

This research investigates the interaction between fosinopril sodium (FOS) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in aqueous solution and in solid state, in order to prove the formation of an inclusion complex between the two components. The stoichiometry of the inclusion complex was found as 1 : 1 by employing continuous variation method in UV. The formation constant was calculated as 278.93 M−1using Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The kneaded product (KP) and the physical mixture (PM) were further experimentally examined, using FTIR, powder X-ray diffractometry, and thermal analysis. The results confirm that the physicochemical properties of the FOS/β-CD KP are different from FOS and that the kneading method leads to formation of solid state inclusion complex between FOS andβ-CD. Structural studies of the FOS/β-CD were carried out using molecular modeling techniques, in order to explain the complexation mechanism and the host-guest geometry.
A Comparative View on Human Somatic Cell Sources for iPSC Generation
Authors: Raab Stefanie , Klingenstein Moritz , Liebau Stefan , Linta Leonhard
Published: November 2014

The breakthrough of reprogramming human somatic cells was achieved in 2006 by the work of Yamanaka and Takahashi. From this point, fibroblasts are the most commonly used primary somatic cell type for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Various characteristics of fibroblasts supported their utilization for the groundbreaking experiments of iPSC generation. One major advantage is the high availability of fibroblasts which can be easily isolated from skin biopsies. Furthermore, their cultivation, propagation, and cryoconservation properties are uncomplicated with respect to nutritional requirements and viability in culture. However, the required skin biopsy remains an invasive approach, representing a major drawback for using fibroblasts as the starting material. More and more studies appeared over the last years, describing the reprogramming of other human somatic cell types. Cells isolated from blood samples or urine, as well as more unexpected cell types, like pancreatic islet beta cells, synovial cells, or mesenchymal stromal cells from wisdom teeth, show promising characteristics for a reprogramming strategy. Here, we want to highlight the advantages of keratinocytes from human plucked hair as a widely usable, noninvasive harvesting method for primary material in comparison with other commonly used cell types.
A Radiative Transfer Modeling Methodology in Gas-Liquid Multiphase Flow Simulations
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Gautham , Klosterman Rydell , Shallbetter Dylan
Published: November 2014

A methodology for performing radiative transfer calculations in computational fluid dynamic simulations of gas-liquid multiphase flows is presented. By considering an externally irradiated bubble column photoreactor as our model system, the bubble scattering coefficients were determined through add-on functions by employing as inputs the bubble volume fractions, number densities, and the fractional contribution of each bubble size to the bubble volume from four different multiphase modeling options. The scattering coefficient profiles resulting from the models were significantly different from one another and aligned closely with their predicted gas-phase volume fraction distributions. The impacts of the multiphase modeling option, initial bubble diameter, and gas flow rates on the radiation distribution patterns within the reactor were also examined. An increase in air inlet velocities resulted in an increase in the fraction of larger sized bubbles and their contribution to the scattering coefficient. However, the initial bubble sizes were found to have the strongest impact on the radiation field.
The Infrapopliteal Arterial Occlusions Similar to Buerger Disease: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Igari Kimihiro , Kudo Toshifumi , Toyofuku Takahiro , Inoue Yoshinori , Iwai Takehisa
Published: November 2014

We herein present two cases that required the differential diagnosis of Buerger disease. Case 1 involved a 55-year-old male with a smoking habit who was admitted with ulcers and coldness in his fingers and toes. Angiography showed blockage in both the radial and posterior tibial arteries, which led to an initial diagnosis of Buerger disease. However, a biopsy of the right posterior tibial artery showed pathological findings of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Case 2 involved a 28-year-old male with intermittent claudication who was examined at another hospital. Angiography showed occlusion of both popliteal and crural arteries, and the patient was suspected to have Buerger disease. However, computed tomography disclosed an abnormal slip on both sides of the popliteal fossa, and we diagnosed him with bilateral popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES). These cases illustrate that other occlusive diseases, such as FMD and PAES, may sometimes be misdiagnosed as Buerger disease.
Circulating tumour cells are linked to plasma D-dimer levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Mego Michal , Zuo Zhuang , Gao Hui , Cohen Evan , Giordano Antonio , Tin Sanda , Anfossi Simone , Jackson Summer , Woodward Wendy , Ueno Naoto , Valero Vicente , Alvarez Ricardo , Hortobagyi Gabriel , Khoury Joseph , Cristofanilli Massimo , Reuben James
Published: November 2014

Cancer is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Elevated plasma D-dimer and fibrinogen levels are also risk factors for VTE. Furthermore, in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), the presence of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) is a risk factor for VTE. The relationship between CTCs and D-dimer is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether CTCs correlate with plasma D-dimer level, fibrinogen level, and risk of VTE in MBC. This prospective study included 47 MBC patients treated from July 2009 through December 2010 at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. CTCs in peripheral blood were detected and enumerated using the CellSearch system. D-dimer and fibrinogen were measured in plasma at the time of CTC detection. Thirty-three patients (70 %) had ≥ 1 CTC, and 22 patients (47 %) had ≥ 5 CTCs. Patients with ≥ 1 CTC or ≥ 5 CTCs had significantly higher mean plasma D-dimer levels (g/mL) than patients with no CTCs and < 5 CTCs (2.48 and 3.31 vs 0.80 and 0.84, respectively; p=0.006 for cut-off ≥ 1 CTC and p=0.003 for cut-off ≥ 5 CTCs). In multivariate analysis, presence of CTCs and number of metastases were positively associated with plasma D-dimer level. CTCs were not associated with plasma fibrinogen level. At median follow-up of 13.5 months, three of 33 patients (9 %) with ≥ 1 CTC had VTE, vs no patients with undetectable CTCs. In conclusion, the presence of CTCs was associated with higher levels of plasma D-dimer in MBC patients. This study further confirms an association between CTCs and risk of VTE.
AS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS NAS ESCOLAS DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA
Authors: Mascarenhas Rodolfo dos Santos
Published: November 2014

A Faculdade de Higiene e Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil, foi, se não a primeira, uma das primeiras escolas de saúde pública a introduzir em seu currículo uma disciplina de Ciências Sociais. Criou, em 1945, junto à cadeira de Técnica de Saúde Pública, a disciplina Problemas de Sociologia Aplicada, para alunos do Curso de Higiene e Saúde Pública para médicos. Atualmente, sob a denominação de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, ministram-se aulas de Sociologia, Antropologia Cultural e noções de Psicologia Social, Política e Economia, a alunos de todos os cursos, nesse instituto universitário. O autor, considerando a importância das ciências sociais para a formação de qualquer técnico em saúde pública, propõe, nas escolas de saúde pública, a criação de uma cátedra especializada nesse setor do conhecimento humano. Tendo verificado que a maior parte das escolas onde se introduziu o ensino de Ciências Sociais, ou vêm dando solução parcial ao problema - com o ensino de uma só disciplina -, ou vêm criando mais de uma cátedra, considera que ambas as orientações não são convenientes, sendo preferível que se estabeleça a unidade de cátedra para as Ciências Sociais Aplicadas. Esta seria integrada pelas seguintes matérias básicas: Antropologia Cultural, Sociologia, Psicologia Social, Economia e Ciência Política. Poderiam também ser incluídas no currículo dos Cursos de Saúde Pública noções gerais de Ecologia Humana, Psicologia, Finanças e Aspectos Filosóficos da Saúde Pública. A cátedra de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas teria as seguintes funções básicas: ensino, pesquisa, orientação de alunos, assessoramento e coordenação. Acredita o autor, baseado em sua experiência - desde 1946 - no ensino de Ciências Sociais na Faculdade de Higiene e Saúde Pública, que o primeiro titular dessa cátedra deve ter formação e experiência em saúde pública  e em Ciências Sociais, combinação esta que não é fácil de se encontrar.
Amphipods (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) at the Gorevoy Utes oil and methane seep, Lake Baikal
Authors: Mekhanikova Irina V. , Mekhanikova Irina V. , Sitnikova Tatiana Ya.
Published: November 2014

We examined amphipods collected from aboard the deepwater manned submersibles “Mir-1” and “Mir-2” at oil and methane seeps near Cape Gorevoy Utes (Central Baikal). Most of the 23 taxa registered inhabit the entire Lake Baikal within a wide depth range. Two species of the genus Echiuropus are probably new. Leptostenus leptocerus (Dybowsky, 1874), that, until now, was regarded as a rare species, is likely to be an indicator for methane and oil discharge areas. Additional data on the morphology of this species were obtained; cuticular sensory (lateral line organs) and nonsensory microstructures were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The density of nectobenthic amphipods was 5-6 times higher on bitumen mounds than that at neighbouring sites with flat bottom. Maximum density of benthic amphipods was recorded on bacterial mats. No amphipods were observed at the bottom with large oil patches. High density of amphipods at the oil-methane seep is attributed to highly structured habitats and food abundance.
Some new and known species of the Lernanthropidae (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on the branchial lamellae of Japanese actinopterygian fishes, with revision of two known species of the family and discussion on the insemination mode in the Siphonostomatoida
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko
Published: November 2014

Ten species of Lernanthropidae parasitic on the branchial lamellae of Japanese marine actinopterygian fishes are (re-)described herein. These are: Lernanthropinus carangoides sp. nov., recovered from Carangoides equula (Carangidae), Lernanthropinus labracoglossae sp. nov. from Labracoglossa argentiventris (Kyphosidae), Lernanthropsis mugilii (Shishido, 1898) from Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae), Lernanthropus atrox Heller, 1865 from Pagrus major (Sparidae), Lernanthropus erythrocles sp. nov. from Erythrocles schlegelii (Emmelichthyidae), Lernanthropus incilis Ho, Liu & Lin, 2011 from Evoxymetopon poeyi (Trichiuridae), Lernanthropus seriolae Shishido, 1898 from Seriola lalandi (Carangidae), Lernanthropus talipes Wilson, 1935 from Girella punctata and Kyphosus vaigiensis (Kyphosidae), Sagum paracaesionis sp. nov. from Paracaesio xanthurus (Lutjanidae), and a Lernanthropidae sp. (male) from Parapristopoma trilineatum (Haemulidae). Lernanthropus senegalensis Diebakate & Raibaut, 1996 is transferred to the genus Lernanthropinus. Lernanthropus pristipomoides Kirtisinghe, 1937 is relegated to a junior synonym of L. talipes. The possession of the naked first antennular segment is verified for all lernanthropids herein dealt with, in both sexes. The parabasal flagellum characteristic for the family is regarded as homologous with the postantennal process that is very common among siphonostomatoids parasitic on fishes. Two different modes of insemination exist in the Siphonostomatoida. The Lernanthropidae and Eudactylinidae differ from the Caligidae and Pandalidae in their mode of insemination.
Description of the second and third instars of Aspidytes wrasei Balke, Ribera & Beutel, 2003, with comments on the identification of larvae of Aspidytes Ribera, Beutel, Balke & Vogler, 2002 (Coleoptera: Aspidytidae), and phylogenetic considerations
Authors: MICHAT MARIANO C. , ALARIE YVES , JIA FENGLONG , XU SHENGQUAN , HÁJEK JIŘÍ , BALKE MICHAEL
Published: November 2014

The second- and third instar larvae of the cliff water beetle Aspidytes wrasei Balke, Ribera & Beutel, 2003 are studied for the first time with special emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. A review of the characters useful in the identification of larvae of Aspidytes Ribera, Beutel, Balke & Vogler, 2002 is presented. Confirming previous findings, larvae of this genus are unique within Hydradephaga in the dorsally oriented spiracles on the abdominal segment VIII of instars II and III. The inclusion of Aspidytidae within the superfamily Dytiscoidea is reinforced by the following putative synapomorphies: presence of pore PAp, proximal insertion of pore ANg, apical or subapical insertion of seta MX8, presence of pore LAd, and distal insertion of seta CO6. Larvae of A. wrasei differ from those of A. niobe Ribera, Beutel, Balke & Vogler, 2002 in several significant characters that may indicate that both species have a long history of independent evolution.
A new species of Zonana DeLong & Freytag (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Gyponini) from Peru with a key to species of the genus
Authors: MAGALHÃES RAYSA BRITO DE , GONÇALVES CLAYTON CORRÊA , TAKIYA DANIELA MAEDA
Published: November 2014

A new species of the genus Zonana DeLong & Freytag, 1963 from Peru is described and illustrated: Z. petalacea sp. nov. This species is easily distinguished from other species of the genus by its peculiar aedeagus with a pair of slender ventral processes and a unique flattened petal-shaped dorsal process. A taxonomic key to the now four known species of Zonana is provided.
Clouds in the Cloud: Weather Forecasts and Applications within Cloud Computing Environments
Authors: Molthan Andrew L. , Case Jonathan L. , Venner Jason , Schroeder Richard , Checchi Milton R. , Zavodsky Bradley T. , Limaye Ashutosh , O’Brien Raymond G.
Published: November 2014

Cloud computing offers new opportunities to the scientific community through cloud-deployed software, data-sharing and collaboration tools, and the use of cloud-based computing infrastructure to support data processing and model simulations. This article provides a review of cloud terminology of possible interest to the meteorological community, and focuses specifically on the use of infrastructure as a service (IaaS) concepts to provide a platform for regional numerical weather prediction. Special emphasis is given to developing countries that may have limited access to traditional supercomputing facilities. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) resources were used in an IaaS capacity to provide regional weather simulations with costs ranging from $40 to $75 per 48-h forecast, depending upon the configuration. Simulations provided a reasonable depiction of sensible weather elements and precipitation when compared against typical validation data available over Central America and the Caribbean.
Combination Mode Dynamics of the Anomalous Northwest Pacific Anticyclone*
Authors: Stuecker Malte F. , Jin Fei-Fei , Timmermann Axel , McGregor Shayne
Published: November 2014

Nonlinear interactions between ENSO and the western Pacific warm pool annual cycle generate an atmospheric combination mode (C-mode) of wind variability. The authors demonstrate that C-mode dynamics are responsible for the development of an anomalous low-level northwest Pacific anticyclone (NWP-AC) during El Niño events. The NWP-AC is embedded in a large-scale meridionally antisymmetric Indo-Pacific atmospheric circulation response and has been shown to exhibit large impacts on precipitation in Asia. In contrast to previous studies, the authors find the role of air–sea coupling in the Indian Ocean and northwestern Pacific only of secondary importance for the NWP-AC genesis. Moreover, the NWP-AC is clearly marked in the frequency domain with near-annual combination tones, which have been overlooked in previous Indo-Pacific climate studies. Furthermore, the authors hypothesize a positive feedback loop involving the anomalous low-level NWP-AC through El Niño and C-mode interactions: the development of the NWP-AC as a result of the C-mode acts to rapidly terminate El Niño events. The subsequent phase shift from retreating El Niño conditions toward a developing La Niña phase terminates the low-level cyclonic circulation response in the central Pacific and thus indirectly enhances the NWP-AC and allows it to persist until boreal summer. Anomalous local circulation features in the Indo-Pacific (e.g., the NWP-AC) can be considered a superposition of the quasi-symmetric linear ENSO response and the meridionally antisymmetric annual cycle modulated ENSO response (C-mode). The authors emphasize that it is not adequate to assess ENSO impacts by considering only interannual time scales. C-mode dynamics are an essential (extended) part of ENSO and result in a wide range of deterministic high-frequency variability.
A Novel “FlocDrifter” Platform for Observing Flocculation and Turbulence Processes in a Lagrangian Frame of Reference
Authors: MacDonald Iain T. , Mullarney Julia C.
Published: November 2014

A novel drifter platform was used to measure the properties of aggregated particles called flocs—a key component of sediment transport in muddy environments. Also concurrently measured were turbulence, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), velocity, and salinity in both Lagrangian and Eulerian frames of reference. In Lagrangian mode the system performed well in a heavily sediment-laden river, providing measurements over a large spatial scale. The platform navigated itself through a complex geometry encompassing many bends and significant depth changes. Observed velocities relative to the drifter and salinities indicated that the drifter motion was almost Lagrangian with minimal slippage between the drifter and the water motion. The small amount of slippage that did occur was sufficient to ensure that the drifter oriented itself into the oncoming flow.

High-quality in situ images of flocs were collected using a high-magnification floc camera (FlocCam). An automatic image analysis routine was developed to identify and characterize flocs within each FlocCam image, employing an artificial neural network (ANN) to ensure that only in-focus particles were included in the analyses. The results indicated that the FlocCam system had an upper working SSC limit of around 350–400 mg L−1.

The SSC estimates show that the drifters encountered considerable variability as they were advected downstream; however, concentrations predominantly remained under the image processing threshold of 350–400 mg L−1. The system captured the evolution of floc characteristics over short spatial scales (hundreds of meters). The median floc size (d50) was found to be positively correlated with SSC (r2 = 0.5). A comparison between Eulerian and Lagrangian floc histories can then be used to evaluate the role of antecedent conditions within the flocculation process.
Patterns of Incorporation of Latinos in Old and New Destinations
Authors: Vaquera Elizabeth , Aranda Elizabeth , Gonzales Roberto G.
Published: November 2014

This special issue introduces a range of articles that analyze patterns of incorporation among Latinos living in the United States. We discuss the importance of race and institutionalized discrimination across various social institutions and through legislation and policies that promote and/or blunt Latino incorporation. Building on the findings of the studies in this special issue, this introduction considers how race and racialization shape the lives of Latino youth and adults through directives and policies emerging from a range of institutions—from the U.S. Census Bureau to State Courts, and state and federal legislative bodies. Mediating incorporation is legislation such as the Affordable Care Act and administrative changes such as the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, which, while promoting inclusion of Latino populations into the U.S. body-politic, also render some Latinos part of a class of people that are subjugated based on their origins. We conclude this introductory article with an assessment of how this structural discrimination results in various forms of incorporation that include marginalized belonging, blocked mobility, and both the invisibility and hypervisibility of Latinos in the United States.
A single poly-Si gate-all-around junctionless fin field-effect transistor for use in one-time programming nonvolatile memory
Authors: Yeh Mu-Shih , Wu Yung-Chun , Liu Kuan-Cheng , Chung Ming-Hsien , Jhan Yi-Ruei , Hung Min-Feng , Chen Lun-Chun
Published: November 2014

This work demonstrates a feasible single poly-Si gate-all-around (GAA) junctionless fin field-effect transistor (JL-FinFET) for use in one-time programming (OTP) nonvolatile memory (NVM) applications. The advantages of this device include the simplicity of its use and the ease with which it can be embedded in Si wafer, glass, and flexible substrates. This device exhibits excellent retention, with a memory window maintained 2 V after 104s. By extrapolation, 95% of the original charge can be stored for 10 years. In the future, this device will be applied to multi-layer Si ICs in fully functional systems on panels, active-matrix liquid-crystal displays, and three-dimensional (3D) stacked flash memory.
Preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells for improved transplantation efficacy in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Perdoni Christopher , McGrath John A , Tolar Jakub
Published: November 2014

Introduction

The use of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has previously been shown to ameliorate cutaneous blistering in pediatric patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), an inherited skin disorder that results from loss-of-function mutations in COL7A1 and manifests as deficient or absent type VII collagen protein (C7) within the epidermal basement membrane. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found within the HCT graft are believed to be partially responsible for this amelioration, in part due to their intrinsic immunomodulatory and trophic properties and also because they have been shown to restore C7 protein following intradermal injections in models of RDEB. However, MSCs have not yet been demonstrated to improve disease severity as a stand-alone systemic infusion therapy. Improving the efficacy and functional utility of MSCs via a pre-transplant conditioning regimen may bring systemic MSC infusions closer to clinical practice.

Methods

MSCs were isolated from 2- to 4-week-old mice and treated with varying concentrations of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ; 5-20 ng/mL), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNFα; 10-40 ng/mL), and stromal cell-derived factor 1-α (SDF-1α; 30 ng/mL) for 24-72 hours.

Results

We demonstrate that treating murine MSCs with exogenous TGFβ (15 ng/mL) and TNFα (30 ng/mL) for 48 hours induces an 8-fold increase in Col7a1 expression and a significant increase in secretion of C7 protein, and that the effects of these cytokines are both time and concentration dependent. This cytokine treatment also promotes a 4-fold increase in Tsg-6 expression, a gene whose product is associated with improved wound-healing and immunosuppressive features. Finally, the addition of exogenous SDF-1α to this regimen induces a simultaneous upregulation of Col7a1, Tsg-6, and Cxcr4 expression.

Conclusions

These data suggest that preconditioning represents a feasible method for improving the functional utility of MSCs in the context of RDEB stem cell transplantation, and also highlight the applicability of preconditioning principles toward other cell-based therapies aimed at treating RDEB patients.