bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Thrombin Based on Fluorescence Energy Transfer between Semiconducting Polymer Dots and BHQ-Labelled Aptamers
Authors: Liu Yizhang , Jiang Xuekai , Cao Wenfeng , Sun Junyong , Gao Feng
Published: February 2018

Carboxyl-functionalized semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) were synthesized as an energy donor by the nanoprecipitation method. A black hole quenching dye (BHQ-labelled thrombin aptamers) was used as the energy acceptor, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the aptamers and Pdots was used for fluorescence quenching of the Pdots. The addition of thrombin restored the fluorescence intensity. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the fluorescence of the system was restored to the maximum when the concentration of thrombin reached 130 nM, with a linear range of 0–50 nM (R2 = 0.990) and a detection limit of 0.33 nM. This sensor was less disturbed by impurities, showing good specificity and signal response to thrombin, with good application in actual samples. The detection of human serum showed good linearity in the range of 0–30 nM (R2 = 0.997), with a detection limit of 0.56 nM and a recovery rate of 96.2–104.1%, indicating that this fluorescence sensor can be used for the detection of thrombin content in human serum.
Detection-Response Task—Uses and Limitations
Authors: Stojmenova Kristina , Sodnik Jaka
Published: February 2018

The Detection-Response Task is a method for assessing the attentional effects of cognitive load in a driving environment. Drivers are presented with a sensory stimulus every 3–5 s, and are asked to respond to it by pressing a button attached to their finger. Response times and hit rates are interpreted as indicators of the attentional effect of cognitive load. The stimuli can be visual, tactile and auditory, and are chosen based on the type of in-vehicle system or device that is being evaluated. Its biggest disadvantage is that the method itself also affects the driver’s performance and secondary task completion times. Nevertheless, this is an easy to use and implement method, which allows relevant assessment and evaluation of in-vehicle systems. By following the recommendations and taking into account its limitations, researchers can obtain reliable and valuable results on the attentional effects of cognitive load on drivers.
Relationships between Livelihood Risks and Livelihood Capitals: A Case Study in Shiyang River Basin, China
Authors: SU Fang , SAIKIA Udoy , HAY Iain
Published: February 2018

Using information collected through semi-structured questionnaires in 483 households, this paper examines the relationships between livelihood risks and livelihood capitals amongst rural farming communities in China’s Shiyang River Basin. Based on an index system of livelihood risks (health, environmental, financial, social, information and connectivity risks) and livelihood capitals (human, physical and natural, financial and social capitals), relationships are measured and evaluated through a linear regression model. Results suggest that health risk and social risk have clear negative effects on livelihood capitals. This finding may support evidence-based policies intended to reduce health risk and social risk threats as well as underpinning improvements in rural farmers’ capacities to withstand livelihood risk and to enhance well-being.
Potential for Conservation Agriculture in the Dry Marginal Zone of Central Syria: A Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Lalani Baqir , Aleter Bassil , Kassam Shinan , Bapoo Amyn , Kassam Amir
Published: February 2018

This paper reports on early soil related outcomes from conservation agriculture (CA) benchmark sites located within the marginal rainfed environment of agro-ecological zone 4 (annual rainfall: 200–250 mm) in pre-conflict central Syria. The outcomes reported are specifically those that relate to beneficial soil quality and water retention attributes relative to conventional tillage-based soil management practices applied to the fodder barley–livestock system, the dominant system in the zone. On-farm operational research was established to examine the impact of a barley (Hordeum vulgare) and vetch (Vicia sativa) rotation intercropped with atriplex (Atriplex halimus) and salsola (Salsola collina), under CA and conventional tillage agriculture, on the soil quality parameters and crop productivity. Preliminary results showed that CA had a positive effect on the soil quality parameters and crop performance. The soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity were higher under CA (p < 0.05), combined with improved productivity (grain and above-ground biomass) under specific crop mixes. The results suggest that despite the marginal nature of the zone, the use of CA is a viable option for the future of farmers’ livelihoods within similar localities and agro-climates, given the benefits for soil moisture and grain and straw productivity. In addition, it is likely to positively impact those in marginal environments where both pastoralism and agro-pastoralism production systems co-exist and compete for crop biomass as a main source of livestock feed. The increase in grain and straw yields vis-à-vis improvements in biophysical parameters in the CA system relative to tillage agriculture does suggest, however, that the competition with livestock for biomass is likely to reduce over time, and farmers would be able to return increased levels of straw (as stubble and residue) as mulch, given improved biomass yields.
Analyzing Thermal Characteristics of Urban Streets Using a Thermal Imaging Camera: A Case Study on Commercial Streets in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Lee Sugie , Moon Hyunbin , Choi Yeri , Yoon D. K.
Published: February 2018

Due to continuing city growth and global warming over the past decades, urban heat island (UHI) effects, referring to the phenomena wherein the ambient air temperatures in cities are higher than those in rural areas, have become a serious threat to urban populations. Impervious surfaces, buildings with low-albedo materials, and a lack of vegetated areas are the major causes of poor urban thermal environments, particularly during the summer. Previous research has focused primarily on the thermal characteristics of individual building units. Few studies consider the impact of the street-scale thermal environments on the surface temperature, which affects pedestrian thermal comfort. The purpose of this study is to analyze the thermal characteristics of various physical elements on urban streets using thermal imaging cameras, and present policy implications for improving pedestrian thermal comfort. This study examines street-scale thermal environments of three major commercial streets: Garosu road, Serosu road, and Narosu road, in Seoul, Korea. This study conducted field measurements both during the day and the night in June 2017 in order to investigate changes in the urban surface temperatures across time. The results show that street trees are the most effective mitigation element for reducing surface temperatures. With regard to building use types, the highest surface temperatures are typically measured near restaurant buildings. Building façades that are dark-colored or partially covered with a metal contribute to high surface temperatures. Similarly, the temperatures of artificial turf or wooden decks on urban streets are also significantly high during the daytime. The thermal characteristics of various urban street elements should be considered to reduce the surface temperature and mitigate the urban heat island effect.
Distribution Properties of a Measurement Series of River Water Temperature at Different Time Resolution Levels (Based on the Example of the Lowland River Noteć, Poland)
Authors: Graf Renata
Published: February 2018

The paper investigates the distribution properties of measurement series of river water temperatures for the lowland River Noteć and its tributaries (Western Poland), as well as air temperatures at different data time resolution levels (1987–2013). The aspect of distribution normality was examined in quantile plots, the series’ stationarity was assessed with an augmented Dickey-Fuller test, while autocorrelation was studied using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. It was demonstrated that distributions of river water and air temperature series at different levels of analyses are generally close to normal but also display a certain skewness. Both daily temperature measurement series are stationary series. The periodic component accounts for about 93% (water temperature) and 77% (air temperature) of the daily variability of the variable, while the random factor equals 6–7% and 22%, respectively. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model confirmed a clear annual seasonality in temperature distribution and indicated the long memory of the autoregressive process AR (2–4). The temperature prediction performed on the basis of a 4th-order Fourier series is consistent with the course of historical data. In the multiannual period 1987–2013, particularly high maximum temperatures were recorded for the Upper Noteć in the summer half-years (28.4 °C); these are related to anthropogenic factors and increase the threat to the existence of cyprinids and salmonids. The thermal anomalies identified in the River Noteć clearly point to the necessity of intensifying the monitoring of its waters.
Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H2FeRu3(CO)13 and comparison with HFeCo3(CO)12: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition
Authors: P Ragesh Kumar T , Weirich Paul , Hrachowina Lukas , Hanefeld Marc , Bjornsson Ragnar , Hrodmarsson Helgi Rafn , Barth Sven , Fairbrother D Howard , Huth Michael , Ingólfsson Oddur
Published: February 2018

In the current contribution we present a comprehensive study on the heteronuclear carbonyl complex H2FeRu3(CO)13 covering its low energy electron induced fragmentation in the gas phase through dissociative electron attachment (DEA) and dissociative ionization (DI), its decomposition when adsorbed on a surface under controlled ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions and exposed to irradiation with 500 eV electrons, and its performance in focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) at room temperature under HV conditions. The performance of this precursor in FEBID is poor, resulting in maximum metal content of 26 atom % under optimized conditions. Furthermore, the Ru/Fe ratio in the FEBID deposit (≈3.5) is higher than the 3:1 ratio predicted. This is somewhat surprising as in recent FEBID studies on a structurally similar bimetallic precursor, HFeCo3(CO)12, metal contents of about 80 atom % is achievable on a routine basis and the deposits are found to maintain the initial Co/Fe ratio. Low temperature (≈213 K) surface science studies on thin films of H2FeRu3(CO)13 demonstrate that electron stimulated decomposition leads to significant CO desorption (average of 8–9 CO groups per molecule) to form partially decarbonylated intermediates. However, once formed these intermediates are largely unaffected by either further electron irradiation or annealing to room temperature, with a predicted metal content similar to what is observed in FEBID. Furthermore, gas phase experiments indicate formation of Fe(CO)4 from H2FeRu3(CO)13 upon low energy electron interaction. This fragment could desorb at room temperature under high vacuum conditions, which may explain the slight increase in the Ru/Fe ratio of deposits in FEBID. With the combination of gas phase experiments, surface science studies and actual FEBID experiments, we can offer new insights into the low energy electron induced decomposition of this precursor and how this is reflected in the relatively poor performance of H2FeRu3(CO)13 as compared to the structurally similar HFeCo3(CO)12.
First Near-infrared Imaging Polarimetry of Young Stellar Objects in the Circinus Molecular Cloud
Authors: Kwon Jungmi , Nakagawa Takao , Tamura Motohide , Hough James H. , Choi Minho , Kandori Ryo , Nagata Tetsuya , Kang Miju
Published: February 2018

We present the results of near-infrared (NIR) linear imaging polarimetry in the J, H, and K

s
bands of the low-mass star cluster-forming region in the Circinus Molecular Cloud Complex. Using aperture polarimetry of point-like sources, positive detection of 314, 421, and 164 sources in the J, H, and K

s
bands, respectively, was determined from among 749 sources whose photometric magnitudes were measured. For the source classification of the 133 point-like sources whose polarization could be measured in all 3 bands, a color–color diagram was used. While most of the NIR polarizations of point-like sources are well-aligned and can be explained by dichroic polarization produced by aligned interstellar dust grains in the cloud, 123 highly polarized sources have also been identified with some criteria. The projected direction on the sky of the magnetic field in the Cir-MMS region is indicated by the mean polarization position angles (70°) of the point-like sources in the observed region, corresponding to approximately

pc2. In addition, the magnetic field direction is compared with the outflow orientations associated with Infrared Astronomy Satellite sources, in which two sources were found to be aligned with each other and one source was not. We also show prominent polarization nebulosities over the Cir-MMS region for the first time. Our polarization data have revealed one clear infrared reflection nebula (IRN) and several candidate IRNe in the Cir-MMS field. In addition, the illuminating sources of the IRNe are identified with near- and mid-infrared sources.
Safety disconnect: Analysis of the role of labor experience and safety training on work safety perceptions
Authors: Lafuente Esteban , Abad Jesús , Vaillant Yancy
Published: February 2018

Purpose: This study analyzes work safety perceptions among workers and safety experts in the construction industry. Furthermore, we evaluate whether experiential learning—i.e., labor experience—and knowledge-enhancing practices—that we link to safety training—explain the differences in work safety perceptions of workers and safety experts by triggering different types of overconfidence biases.Design/methodology/approach: The proposed hypothesis are tested by applying ordered probit models on a unique dataset comprising information for 558 employees and 215 safety experts working in the Spanish construction sector.Findings: The results reveal that previous labor market experience has a significantly negative effect on perceived work safety, that is, risk awareness decreases with respect to labor experience. However, the findings indicate that differences in perceived work safety between workers and safety experts are not explained by previous labor experience. Furthermore, the results suggest that higher levels of safety training—which we link to the acquisition of codified knowledge—negatively impacts workers’ safety perceptions, while this effect turns positive among safety experts. This result suggests that safety experts’ perceived work safety is affected by overconfidence that results from their greater safety-specific training (over-precision bias).Originality/value: Work safety constitutes a relevant key performance indicator. The proposed analysis of the role of labor experience and safety training on perceived work safety in different types of employees contributes to better understand how organizations can improve the management of their workforce by triggering specific actions—such as the design of customized training programs—that may help in reducing the safety disconnect between employees, in terms of perceived work safety.
Validity of the Red Reflex Exam in the Newborn Eye Screening Test Cohort
Authors: Ludwig Cassie A. , Callaway Natalia F. , Blumenkranz Mark S. , Fredrick Douglas R. , Moshfeghi Darius M.
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

The validity of the red reflex exam has yet to be tested against new methods of wide-angle imaging that may improve early detection of neonatal ocular pathology. The authors aimed to determine the validity of the pediatrician's red reflex exam using 130° wide-angle external and fundus digital imaging as a gold standard.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This was a prospective cohort study of 194 healthy, term newborns enrolled in the Newborn Eye Screening Test study at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital from July 25, 2013, to July 25, 2014. Red reflex screening was performed by a pediatrician in the newborn nursery and wide-angle fundus digital imaging was performed by a neonatal intensive care unit-certified nurse. The main outcome measure was the validity of the pediatrician's red reflex exam (unweighted kappa [κ] statistic, sensitivity, specificity).

RESULTS:

Compared to no subjects with abnormal red reflex exams reported in the pediatrician's notes, 49 subjects demonstrated one or multiple ocular abnormalities on 130° wide-angle fundus imaging (κ = 0.00). The pediatrician's red reflex exam had a sensitivity of 0.0% (95% CI, 0.0%–7.3%) and specificity of 100.0% (95% CI, 97.5%–100.0%) for the detection of ocular abnormalities.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrates the ability of wide-angle fundus imaging to detect fundus abnormalities not otherwise identified by standard newborn red reflex screening prior to hospital discharge.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:103–110.]
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Macula in Adults With a History of Preterm Birth
Authors: Falavarjani Khalil Ghasemi , Sarraf David , Tsui Irena
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the fovea microvasculature in adult subjects with history of preterm birth using optical coherence angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

In this retrospective study, macular OCTA images were obtained from adult subjects with a history of preterm birth. The presence of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and its size was determined.

RESULTS:

Ten eyes from six subjects with ages ranging from 26 years old to 65 years old were evaluated. A distinct FAZ was not observed in three eyes (30%). The FAZ was small in other eyes, ranging from 0.07 mm
2
to 0.18 mm
2
.

CONCLUSION:

Adult subjects with a history of preterm birth may have persistent foveal vasculature in the FAZ.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:122–125.]
Detection of Choriocapillaris Loss in Alport Syndrome With Swept-Source OCT Angiography
Authors: Swaminathan Swarup S. , Shah Parth , Zheng Fang , Gregori Giovanni , Rosenfeld Philip J.
Published: February 2018

A patient previously diagnosed with Alport Syndrome was evaluated using multimodal imaging. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated significant thinning of the inner retina within the macula, and inner retinal cysts were found in the peripheral macula. OCT angiography demonstrated loss of the choriocapillaris. Abnormal collagen appears to have multiple deleterious effects on the retinal and choroidal structure and vasculature.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:138–141.]
Active Cone Regeneration Following Autologous Internal Limiting Membrane ‘Chunk’ Transplantation in Optic Disc Pit-Associated Maculopathy
Authors: Modi Aditya , Mehta Ruchir A. , Yadav Naresh Kumar
Published: February 2018

This case report aims to study active cone regeneration and its functional correlation in optic disc pit maculopathy (ODPM) with a large outer macular defect treated with autologous internal limiting membrane (ILM) “chunk” transplantation. Outcome analysis was done using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), adaptive optics, and microperimetry. Visual acuity improved from counting fingers at 2 meters to 6/18 Snellen equivalent postoperatively, whereas SD-OCT demonstrated closure of outer subfoveal defect. Adaptive optics imaging revealed maximum active cone concentration of 14,232/mm
2
at the fovea, and fixation stability improved to 61% and 90% (P1 and P2, respectively) on microperimetry. To conclude, autologous ILM “chunk” transplantation provides an additional therapeutic option in treatment of ODPM with large outer macular defect.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:152–155.]
A Gateway to the World: Jewish and Armenian Engineers of Ottoman Background at the École centrale des arts et manufactures (1853-1923)
Authors: Martykánová Darina
Published: February 2018

In the second half of the 19th century, the French École centrale des arts et manufactures became one of the engineering schools that enjoyed a worldwide reputation. There were many foreigners among its students. This article focuses on the graduates born in the Ottoman Empire, particularly on Jews and Armenians. It analyses their backgrounds, their common features and their professional careers, tracing their links with other centraliens. The patterns in the Ottoman centraliens’ professional trajectories help us picture a world full of opportunities where highly qualified men could cross borders and build careers with ease, but where, at the same time, origins, allegiances, contacts and credentials mattered greatly.
La caravane des animaux. Circulation des « orangs-outans » et des savoirs, reconfigurations des frontières de l’humain
Authors: Sebastiani Silvia
Published: February 2018

L’article interroge la présence des animaux exotiques dans la Grande-Bretagne des Lumières, et en particulier des « orangs-outans ». Il retrace la mobilité de ces bêtes, met en lumière les réseaux au long cours de leur circulation, dessine les multiples espaces de sociabilité de leur mise en observation et le foisonnement des registres de discours dont ils font l’objet. Mis au cœur des travaux d’anatomie comparée dès la fin du xviie siècle, les orangs-outans deviennent l’une des grandes attractions de l’espace public en cours de constitution : les coffee-houses londoniens. La spectacularisation des primates offre à une audience élargie un nouvel objet de réflexion sur l’humanité et ses frontières.
Organizational Maturity Beyond Risk Management
Authors: Nachbagauer Andreas G. M. , Schirl-Boeck Iris B.
Published: February 2018

Project-oriented organizations face environments differing in complexity, with different degrees of maturity needed to manage uncertainty. In this chapter, the authors analyze where, when, and by whom structure or autonomy should be made use of in project-oriented organizations, and which kinds of structure and autonomy are appropriate for dealing with complex, uncertain situations and unexpected events. After a short discussion of project management maturity models, the authors investigate the concepts of risk, uncertainty, and the unexpected based on organization theory inspired by decision-making concepts and systems theory. Implications for uncertainty management and managing the unexpected on project and organizational level and high-reliability practices are then derived with a critical look at recent approaches of project management adhocracy.
Promoting Online Connections Among Community College Students
Authors: Sailor Rebecca , Rand Patricia , Guney Stacey
Published: February 2018

This chapter discusses opportunities for serving community college students in online learning environments. Online community college students represent a unique population of higher education students because they are frequently first-generation students with developmental education requirements—novice students. There is a notable difference in student outcomes between university and community college students in the online format. Community college students typically have higher attrition and lower end-of-course grades in online courses compared to face-to-face courses. Although the reasons for this are still largely unknown, the statistics point to an urgent need to consider the design and delivery of online courses for this unique population. Through an examination of three learning theories, the authors discuss a variety of instructional strategies geared toward learner autonomy, dialogue, metacognition, self-regulation, feedback, affective communication, and multimedia.
Wikis as Tools for Enhancing Interaction and Fulfilling Expectations of Modern Learning Theories
Authors: Karipidis Nikolaos , Prentzas Jim
Published: February 2018

Modern learning theories focus on the importance of social interaction as a means of facilitating and enhancing learning. In this context, an aspect of importance is the creation of learning communities (i.e., groups of persons with common learning goals). ICT tools are frequently used to create and maintain online learning communities by overcoming geographical and time restrictions as well as motivating learners and retaining a high degree of interaction among them. To achieve these goals, researchers adjust previous and propose new learning theories taking into consideration human, social, and technological factors in the learning process. This chapter first outlines relevant learning theories and then highlights wikis as tools that may assist learning by increasing social interaction.
Harmonising Roles of Agricultural Extension With Other Agencies Involved in Agricultural Development Towards Sustainable Food Systems in Nigeria
Authors: Akinnagbe Oluwole Matthew
Published: February 2018

The success of sustainable agriculture depends not just on the motivations, skills, and knowledge of individual farmers, but on action taken by the agricultural extension agency in harmonising the activities of other agencies involved in agricultural development. This chapter looks into the coordinating roles of agricultural extension with other agencies involved in agricultural development towards sustainable food systems in Nigeria. The agricultural extension agency needs to coordinate other agencies in rural development to ensure unity of purpose and avoid duplication of efforts. Agricultural extension is considered the best institution to coordinate other agencies involved in agricultural development towards sustainable food system in Nigeria because of the edge agricultural extension has at grassroots level in light of community organizing and empowerment role. Government in all tiers should support the agricultural extension agency by ensuring that all development partners liaise with the agency before carrying out their work to enhance sustainable rural development.
Modified Support Vector Machine Algorithm to Reduce Misclassification and Optimizing Time Complexity
Authors: Doshi Aditya Ashvin , Sevugan Prabu , Swarnalatha P.
Published: February 2018

A number of methodologies are available in the field of data mining, machine learning, and pattern recognition for solving classification problems. In past few years, retrieval and extraction of information from a large amount of data is growing rapidly. Classification is nothing but a stepwise process of prediction of responses using some existing data. Some of the existing prediction algorithms are support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor. But there is always some drawback of each algorithm depending upon the type of data. To reduce misclassification, a new methodology of support vector machine is introduced. Instead of having the hyperplane exactly in middle, the position of hyperplane is to be change per number of data points of class available near the hyperplane. To optimize the time consumption for computation of classification algorithm, some multi-core architecture is used to compute more than one independent module simultaneously. All this results in reduction in misclassification and faster computation of class for data point.
Glorified Secure Search Schema Over Encrypted Secure Cloud Storage With a Hierarchical Clustering Computation
Authors: Shinde Shweta Annasaheb , Sevugan Prabu
Published: February 2018

This chapter improves the SE scheme to grasp these contest difficulties. In the development, prototypical, hierarchical clustering technique is intended to lead additional search semantics with a supplementary feature of making the scheme to deal with the claim for reckless cipher text search in big-scale surroundings, such situations where there is a huge amount of data. Least relevance of threshold is considered for clustering the cloud document with hierarchical approach, and it divides the clusters into sub-clusters until the last cluster is reached. This method may affect the linear computational complexity versus the exponential growth of group of documents. To authenticate the validity for search, minimum hash sub tree is also implemented. This chapter focuses on fetching of cloud data of a subcontracted encrypted information deprived of loss of idea and of security and privacy by transmission attribute key to the information. In the next level, the typical is improved with a multilevel conviction privacy preserving scheme.
Sustainability Management and Local Governments
Authors: De Matteis Fabio , Preite Daniela
Published: February 2018

After highlighting the breadth and complexity of the concept of sustainability and highlighting the role of local authorities in sustainable development, this chapter aims to interpret how sustainability management can consider the concept of financial sustainability in the context of local governments. It does this through the following specific objectives: 1) defining financial sustainability, considering it not only autonomously, but in an integrated manner with respect to the typical sustainability dimensions (environmental, social, and economic) that are usually involved in the local authorities activity; 2) proposing the main stages of the sustainability cycle in the local authorities to highlight the key moments and the role of financial sustainability; 3) analyzing some aspects of financial indicators as tools for measuring the financial side of the sustainability profile of a local government. In order to reach the aim of the chapter, the research methodology followed is the literature review.
Fiscal Sustainability, Demographics, and the Social Determinants of Health Driving Intergenerational Equity
Authors: Callahan Richard F. , Pisano Mark A.
Published: February 2018

The research developed in this chapter identifies intergenerational equity as a function of three dynamics: local government fiscal sustainability, demographic drivers, and place-based health equity. Intergeneration equity is researched from three related sets of pressures: One, the cost increases threatening the fiscal sustainability. Two, demographic changes result in a lower growth rate of working population. Three, persistent social inequities linked directly to neighborhoods correlate with wide disparities in life expectancy. The research develops a deeper understanding of each of these three dynamics, including the individual impact as well as the collective impact through their interconnectedness. This combined analytic framework better identifies the institutional mechanisms that can address these issues. The chapter concludes with mapping ways for local government to move forward by applying the design principals developed from research in sustainability of common pool resources.
Predicting Financial Crises in a Globalized World
Authors: Mermod Asli Yuksel , Yüksel Ülkü , Sutton-Brady Catherine
Published: February 2018

This chapter highlights the facts about financial crises and their fundamental causes on specific incidents, including the 1929 Great Depression that lasted until the early-1940s, 1997 Asian Financial Crises, 1998 Russian Financial Crises, and the Liquidity Crises of 2008, and makes a comparison among them and their various outcomes. In doing so, the study specifies the cues that emerge in the financial system that may help governments predict upcoming financial crises through those early warning signals. This case study specifically analyses the Turkish Banking System that was restructured after the enormous financial crises in Turkey in 2001, which caused many Turkish banks to collapse. However, the precautions taken in the aftermath of the financial turmoil allowed them to survive the liquidity crises in 2008. The indicators of an upcoming crisis are examined, the lessons learned from this case are analyzed, and important recommendations to overcome banking crises are provided.
Taxing E-Commerce
Authors: Dhaundiyal Pankaj
Published: February 2018

With the advent of globalization, world governments have been under pressure to face the significant challenges of e-commerce. The vast growth of e-commerce, sale and purchase of commodities over the internet, has ruined the existing tax structure. With the smart phones and internet getting cheaper, the tax administration of every country is facing the difficulty of protecting their share of revenue in this dynamic e-market. The tussle between the developed and developing country is going to stretch as it would be an alarming signal for the reduction of the tax base for the developing economy. E-commerce challenges the current International taxation regime. In the present scenario, personal income tax is being taxed by the resident country while business income is being taxed by the source country.
Structuring International Financial Centre
Authors: Shankar Nitin , Dubey Anil
Published: February 2018

This chapter tries to analyse an overall perspective of the financial developments of Singapore (an established IFSC), Dubai (a new IFSC), and Gujarat (an upcoming IFSC) international financial centres. The structure of this chapter is as follows. Section 1 includes an introduction and literature review followed by Section 2, which will provide the background information on the centres with the focus on developments. An introduction to the current CPMI (clearing and payment infrastructure) for Singapore, Dubai, and India is presented in Section 3. Section 4 gives an insight of the heart of any international financial trade centre (i.e., its tax and regulatory environment), which makes corporations look beyond their shores. Section 5 concludes this chapter with probable recommendations proposed by various commissioned studies.
I'd Like to Teach the World to Think
Authors: Moskowitz Howard , Jyotsna  , Sciacca Andi , Lester Andrew
Published: February 2018

At the time of this writing, 2017, there is noticeable reduction in the perceived ability of people to think critically. Both the popular press and the scientific/professional literature recognize this worldwide drop. This chapter presents the use of experimental design of ideas, conjoint measurement, originally a tool used in marketing, as a tool to inspire creative thinking. The chapter presents the approach and application of conjoint measurement as a tool for discovery, and then delineates a new computer APP, Big Mind, as user friendly to enhance critical thinking. Big Mind embodies conjoint measurement to help researchers study topics, uncover new substantive findings, and learn to think critically as an outcome from the process.
People Need People
Authors: Bharti Teena
Published: February 2018

Relationships are an unavoidable part of life, and yet can be a prospective source of pressure at workplace or organizations. In organisations, performance, delivery, and efficiency are required, often from mere acquaintances. To perform better, individuals need to work on trust and a strong establishment of noble working connections. The fundamental interpersonal relations orientation-behavior (FIRO-B) instrument focuses on these needs, distinguishing the drivers basic to the practices that shape connections for people inside an association. This chapter, therefore, deals with various aspects of the interpersonal relationship and why there is a need to emphasize on these particular areas.
Jio-Bharti Airtel Data War and Strategy
Authors: Kumar Anil , Balaji Mohan , Krishna Ujjwal , Yadav Mohit
Published: February 2018

The chapter examines various viewpoints in regards to Reliance Jio and Bharti Airtel. This includes the entry of Jio in the telecom space along with the difference in the market Jio bought right after its introduction of the services for public. The focus area for the research has been the secondary sources. A complete understanding of both these companies has been taken into account for this study to pick up the points that both Jio and Bharti have been lacking upon and areas in which one has surpassed the other by attracting a new set of consumers into their family. The chapter as recorded by the facts presented through the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Analytics Portal witnessed that Jio proved to have an upper hand in terms of the quality of service, which included data speed and tariffs. The other side of the story shows Bharti Airtel's lack of dominance in 4G experience delivery after Jio's entrance.
Social Foundations of Education and Service-Based Field Experiences
Authors: Hardee Sheri Carmel , McFaden Kelly Louise
Published: February 2018

This chapter highlights one social foundations of education program's initiative to develop specialized service-based projects on which each course's field experience, readings, and assignments would center. Utilizing both a justice-oriented and intersectional foundation, professors developed projects meant to engage the program's mostly white and female students in more critical and meaningful experiences that would help pre-service educators reflect on power, privilege, and oppression and their roles in this process. The authors focus on two example projects for this chapter with a goal of examining successes and difficulties experienced in developing such projects, including the challenge of maintaining strong community partnerships. These two case studies are not meant to provide generalized experiences, but the authors hope that sharing the development, implementation, and outcomes can help other programs create field experiences for pre-service educators that will teach pre-service educators the importance of safe yet critical classroom spaces.
Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility in Physical Education Teacher Education
Authors: Richards K. Andrew R. , Ivy Victoria Nicole , Lawson Michael A. , Alameda-Lawson Tania
Published: February 2018

Service-learning has gained popularity in physical education programs as a way to prepare pre-service teachers to work with culturally diverse students. The chapter contributes to this growing movement developing a conceptual framework for the development of a service-learning program fit to meet (a) the learning needs of low-income children and families; (b) the education, training, and socialization needs of preservice teachers; and (c) the design requirements of best practice interventions. A research- and theory-driven application of service-learning through the teaching personal and social responsibility pedagogical model is overviewed in reference to one physical education teacher education program. Lessons learned from the implementation of this model are discussed, as are implications for practice. Improvement science is offered a methodology that can help researchers develop the responsiveness of these initiatives while also furthering the research base of the field.
Using a STEM Camp for Rural Middle School Students to Launch Ambitious Teaching Practices With Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Giamellaro Michael , Knapp Melinda C.
Published: February 2018

In this chapter, the authors describe an initiative they have been enacting within their secondary science and mathematics Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) program over the last four years. As a first teaching experience during their first term in the program, MAT students prepare and enact engaging STEM lessons for middle school students who attend a free, three-day STEM Camp during their summer break. The authors describe the context of the students (both middle school and pre-service), the structure of the camp and teacher supports, and share excerpts of written reflections from the MAT students to highlight patterns in outcomes of this medial service learning experience.
A Grand Challenge
Authors: Moore Adam , Brand Susan Trostle
Published: February 2018

Teacher educators committed to social justice are charged with preparing future professionals with the knowledge and skills characteristic of change agents. This chapter explains how two university faculty members co-taught a general education course about education and social justice enlisting service-learning. This multidisciplinary course allowed teacher candidates to work with peers from other majors to select, plan, and implement a service-learning project. The structure and design of the course is described, along with examples of readings, film, media, and organizations that promote social justice. Qualitative reflections from former students are included, along with descriptions of service-learning projects. Recommendations and implications for teacher educators designing a similar course are provided.
Online Decision Making
Authors: Wall Helen Joanne , Kaye Linda K.
Published: February 2018

The growth in computer-mediated communication has created real challenges for society; in particular, the internet has become an important resource for “convincing” or persuading a person to make a decision. From a cybersecurity perspective, online attempts to persuade someone to make a decision has implications for the radicalisation of individuals. This chapter reviews multiple definitions and theories relating to decision making to consider the applicability of these to online decision making in areas such as buying behaviour, social engineering, and radicalisation. Research investigating online decision making is outlined and the point is made that research examining online research has a different focus than research exploring online decision making. The chapter concludes with some key questions for scholars and practitioners. In particular, it is noted that online decision making cannot be explained by one single model, as none is sufficient in its own capacity to underpin all forms of online behaviour.
Volunteered Surveillance
Authors: Sarıgöllü Subhi Can , Aksakal Erdem , Koca Mine Galip , Akten Ece , Aslanbay Yonca
Published: February 2018

As the front end of the digitized commercial world, corporations, marketers, and advertisers are under the spotlight for taking advantage of some part of the big data provided by consumers via their digital presence and digital advertising. Now, collectors and users of that data have escalated the level of their asymmetric power with scope and depth of the instant and historical data on consumers. Since consumers have lost the ownership (control) over their own data, their reaction ranges from complete opposition to voluntary submission. This chapter investigates psychological and societal reasons for this variety in consumer behavior and proposes that a contractual solution could promote a beneficial end to all parties through transparency and mutual power.
Groups Online
Authors: Thackray Helen , McAlaney John
Published: February 2018

This chapter provides a brief introduction to hacktivism and social protest online and highlights some of the socio-psychological and cognitive factors that can lead to individuals taking part in hacktivism groups. Hacktivism is an ill-defined area which some claim as a legitimate form of protest in the online world and others regard as illegal hacking; there is truth to both arguments, and those who believe it should be protected will continue to work for it to be recognised. The chapter explains how the depth of social ties and influence are still being examined, and whilst cognitive biases are recognised, strategies to mitigate and combat the vulnerability they present are still being developed.
Haiku-Like Aesthetic Sentence Composition Through the Narrative Process
Authors: Nitta Yoshihiko
Published: February 2018

Aesthetic sentences often behave freely from ordinary grammatical constraints; nevertheless, they maintain rich message transmitting power. This is apparently a mysterious language phenomenon, which dexterously gives full play to its strong narrative power on the reader's soul. In this chapter, the author takes haiku, classical Japanese short poetic sentence, as a model of aesthetic sentence. By using the concept of functional grammar and season-word ontology, the author tries to approach the secret of taciturn beauty in poetic sentences. The beauty of haiku exists in ellipses, suggestions, and eloquent mutism of 5-7-5 syllable short sentences. In this chapter, the author introduces the functional grammar as a device for explaining the meaning and construction of haiku. The functional grammar claims that every sentence is composed of two categories: kernel sentence and meta-sentence. The author tries to reveal the secrets of the aesthetic beauty of the ultimately simple sentence, haiku.
Practice and Modeling of Advertising Communication Strategy
Authors: Kawamura Yoji
Published: February 2018

Toward the building of a social/consumption simulation model, the objectives of this chapter are to understand in detail the practice of advertising communication through a framework aiming at quantification, to elucidate the goals and techniques of advertising communication, and to create a model for advertising communication strategies. First, the advertising communications goals, the advertising communications techniques, the motivations to become involved, and the consumer-generated contents are categorized. Next, the relationships between these categorized items are identified. Finally, the typical advertising communications strategies are identified and organized into three types models (two types of sender-driven strategies and one type of receiver-driven strategy). These models can be utilized to establish strategic rules for social simulations that include both senders and receivers of advertising.
Collaboration for Supporting the Externalization of the Travel Narratives of the Elderly
Authors: Shirozu Nanae , Matsushita Mitsunori
Published: February 2018

The goal of this chapter is to explore a system to assist elderly travelers who are not familiar with computers in externalizing information about their travel experiences and in accumulating this information in the form of travel narratives. To accomplish this, the authors focused on dialogue about travel experiences and proposed a co-creation environment that supports interaction that elicits information about the travel experiences of the elderly. In this environment, an elderly person becomes a speaker, and a person close to the elderly person becomes a listener. Participatory observation and externalization interviews about travel experiences were conducted. In general, this study found that an elderly subject became more involved and responsive with more cohesive stories when paired with a listener equipped with relevant information. The design guidelines of the co-creation environment were formulated based on the findings.
Innovative Strategies for Lipid-Based Drug Delivery
Authors: Sharma Navneet , Kotta Sabna , Aleem Mohd , Singh Shubham , Kumar Sharma Rakesh
Published: February 2018

In the last decade, there has been a mounting concern in lipid-based formulations to deliver water-soluble drugs. Lipid-based drug delivery systems are one of the budding and promising technologies designed to tackle the poor bioavailability problems. This chapter stresses the different mechanisms of lipophilic drug absorption along with its advantages and limitations. It points out the different mechanisms of how lipid-based excipients and the different formulations interact with the absorption process. This review provides a comprehensive summary about the lipid formulation classification scheme (LFCS), a guide for the selection of appropriate formulation and commonly used excipients for lipid-based formulations, along with the important factors to be considered in formulation design and excipient selection. This review also focuses on the formulation of solid lipid-based formulations, important evaluation aspects, and commercial formulations available for the purpose.