bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Integrated Development Strategy of Railway Tourism in Sichuan Province Considering the Accessibility of High-speed Rail and Tourist Attraction
Authors: Li Li , Mengying Zhang , Xin Shen , Xiaohong Wang , Liang Wang
Published: April 2021

In response to targeted poverty alleviation, traffic + tourism and other national strategies, exploring the integration development direction of High-speed Railway and tourism in Sichuan Province, this article combed the railway tourism basic conditions of Sichuan Province, used mathematical statistics and kernel density estimation to study the spatial distribution of tourist resources and High-speed Railway. Based on urban nodes, the minimum travel time between nodes, the urban power, tourism resources and other elements, constructed travel accessibility time measurement model and attractive model, and used ArcGIS to compute the accessibility value of High-speed Railway and the coefficient of tourist attraction. Finally, for the regions with different tourism resource quality and the accessibility of High-speed Rail in Sichuan, based on the calculation results, the problem of rail tourism and the national policy, the High-speed Railway tourism plans and development strategies are proposed respectively.
Research on Social Security Management Based on Intelligence Policing In the Context of Dig Data
Authors: Qingchun Yue
Published: April 2021

Under the strategic background to strengthen the police with science and technology, intelligence policing is a new model formed by public security organs based on the integration, fusion and application of big data, which provides system support and technical guarantee for the current social security management work. This article focuses on social security management in the context of intelligence policing, and systematically analyzes the specific practice and inherent characteristics of the construction of intelligence policing, then to build a scientific and reasonable social safety management mechanism. This not only has important theoretical significance, but also has certain practical value to comprehensively improve police efficiency and enhance social governance capabilities.
The Business Model and Protection of Broadcasting Rights of Sports Events Under the Internet Environment
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Zhou Zhide
Published: April 2021

The rapid development of network technology has brought profound changes to all sectors of society. The relaxation of national policies and the surge of sports demand have made the sports industry undergoing profound changes. The broadcast of sports events in the network environment has strong immediacy and interactive advantages, which not only brings new experience to the audience, but also causes frequent infringement. As the domestic and foreign regulations on the nature of sports broadcast rights are not clear, the judicial judgment of sports infringement is not uniform. This paper introduces the background of sports event broadcast under the network environment, and further explores the problems in the process of sports event broadcast by analyzing the development of its business model, and then puts forward some suggestions for sports event broadcast in China.
Establishment of a rapid detection method for wheat crown rot
Authors: Sui Lina , Li Jishun , Hu Jindong , Wang Yan
Published: April 2021

We have established a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR system that can detect wheat crown rot rapidly and accurately quantify fungi, Fusarium species and Fusarium pseudograminearum in the rhizosphere soil of infected wheat through the standard curve produced, with a view to the early stage of wheat Provide help in predicting the occurrence of wheat crown rot.
Design of influenza diagnostic instrument based on biochemiluminescence
Authors: Lin Xuexiang , Shen Zenggui
Published: April 2021

The design principle of a biochemiluminescent instrument is presented. The instrument diagnoses influenza based on detection of the flu viral neuraminidase activity. The instrument uses a photomultiplier tube (PMT) as sensor, with 24 test channels. The reaction disk is driven by step motor to rotate, where the reagent is incubated. Finally, PMT detects the number of photons emitted by the reagent and calculates the enzyme activity. The correlation coefficient (R2) of 2.83 to 5.06 log TCID50/ml influenza virus was 0.9967; the detection limits of the two positive virus samples were TCID50/mL and 953 TCID50/mL, respectively, The positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.90% in clinical evaluation. According to the evaluation, the designed biochemiluminescent instrument can well match with the reagents, and meet with the performance requirements of clinical setting.
Cancer Testis Antigens and Immunotherapy: A new Dawn
Authors: Zhang Bingcan
Published: April 2021

Immunotherapy for cancer has been recognized as the fourth therapeutic method after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which can prevent postoperative metastasis and recurrence and reduce or even eliminate the toxic and side effects of chemoradiotherapy. The development of successful immunotherapy strategies need to use cancer antigens which can be identified by the host’s immune system. This method’s ability in causing antitumor immune response has been fully proved, but it also faces enormous risks and challenges, as finding the highly efficient and specific tumor markers is very difficult. Cancer-testis antigens(CTA) are a special kind of tumor antigens with normal expression restricted to male germ cells in the testis but not in adult somatic tissues. The immune privileged status of CTA gives tumor specificity and makes it an ideal candidate for targeted immunotherapy biomarkers. Here, we briefly review the research history, expression characteristics of CTA, molecular mechanisms of CT gene, and the bright future of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
Epidemiological features of Corona Virus Disease 2019 in China
Authors: Wang Ting , Wang Qiuxin , Wang Jinwen
Published: April 2021

As a public health emergency with strong infectious, corona virus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan,Hubei in December 2019 has attracted worldwide concern. The epidemiological features of COVID- 19 in China at the early stage are examined. The spread of COVID-19 has reached a peak in China. The epidemic situation is very severe, especially in the regions or central cities closely linked with Wuhan. The increase in cure rate of COVID-19 also predicts a reduction in the risk of fatality.
Research progress of intestinal microecology in the occurrence and development of precancerous lesions of liver
Authors: Qu Meng-yang , Pan Yan-fang , Xie Min
Published: April 2021

Intestinal microecology refers to the interaction between the host and the microorganisms in the human intestinal tract, which is composed mainly of intestinal flora. Intestinal microflora affects the physiological and pathological changes of the host through metabolic activity and host interaction. Precancerous lesion of liver is a potential benign liver disease, which may lead to malignant transformation of liver. It is the intermediate stage from benign lesion to malignant transformation. Recent studies have shown that intestinal microecology is closely related to the occurrence of precancerous lesions of the liver. This study expounds the interaction of the bridge between intestine and liver, the gutliver axis, the intestinal microecology and the precancerous lesions of liver, hoping to provide a new idea for clinical prevention and treatment of precancerous lesions of liver.
The Organochlorine Pesticide Residues of Mesona Chinensis Benth by Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Authors: Wanqing Yao , Shuhui Zhang , Zhihui Guo , Bingming Gu
Published: April 2021

Pesticide residue is a major problem in food safety. It is particularly important to detect pesticides in fruits and vegetables quickly and effectively The near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technique was explored as a technique to predict organochlorine pesticides in Mesona chinensis Benth. Fourty-three samples were sacaned powder in a Antaris II FT-NIR. Samples were split into two sets, one set used as calibration (n=35) where the remaining samples (n=S) were used as validation set. The hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC). dichlorodiphenyltricliloroethane (DDT) and organochlorine residues were determined by gas chromatography as the reference ratio. The prediction model of total BHC. DDT and organochlorine of mesona chinensis benth was established by partial least square (PLS) method, which were optimized by the optimal spectral band range, spectral pretreatment and regression. Moreover, the prediction ability of the model was verified by validation set. The models gave the results that RMSEC. Rc. RMSEP and Rp of BHC. DDT and organochlorine residues respectively were 0.996. 0.9384, 0.151 and 0.9964; 1.21, 0.9889. 0.409. 0.9852: 2.21. 0.9423, 0.481, 0.9953. The relative errors of the predicted values are within 0.68% - 0.38% and - 0.34% - 6.88% and - 0.46% - 0.58% of the total validation set. It can be seen that the three models have good prediction effect, high precision and high stability, that is. NIR can be used as a simple, non-destructive, reliable and rapid method for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in mesona chinensis benth.
Research on Waste Capacity of Mountain-type Scenic Spots Based on Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity——Taking Huangshan as an example
Authors: Li Ying , Qian Jin , Liu Ting
Published: April 2021

The amount of solid waste generated by tourists and the scale of waste sorting points can be used to introduce the capacity of solid waste in the scenic spot. Based on tourism environmental capacity theory, this study based on previous research results, the solid waste carrying capacity of Huangshan Scenic area is calculated. The results show that the carrying capacity of the tourism environment in Huangshan Scenic Area is approaching saturation. According to the result, by providing a basic analysis for the treatment of domestic waste in Huangshan Scenic Area, this study confirms that the sustainable tourism development strategy is needed to everlasting natural resources.
Study on the Sustainability of Rural Tourism under the Background of Rural Revitalization
Authors: Xuyan Yang , Na Gong
Published: April 2021

For a long time, the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to rural development. At the report of the 19th National Congress, the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that we should firmly “implement the Rural Revitalization Strategy” and “adhere to the priority development of agriculture and rural areas”. With the improvement of rural ecological environment and the development of economic construction, rural tourism has become more and more popular among the public, and has become one of the important pillars of Rural Revitalization and poverty alleviation. At the same time, rural tourism has greatly increased villagers’ income, improved villagers’ quality of life, and improved villagers’ happiness index. It can be seen that the rural tourism industry and the implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy promote each other, and the positive development of rural tourism is the only way to promote the construction of new socialist countryside. This paper discusses how to realize the sustainable development of rural tourism in the context of Rural Revitalization from the perspective of the long-term significance of rural tourism to Rural Revitalization and the ways to develop rural tourism.
Challenges and Prospects of Solid Waste Management in Rural Tourism Areas in China
Authors: Guo Ying , Wang Ping , Zhang Dongliang
Published: April 2021

Rapidly developing rural tourism in the vast rural areas brings economic benefits and also produces waste increment; at the same time, with the improvement of living standards, the increase of waste in rural areas is not low, which has become an essential issue of ecological, environmental protection. This paper discusses China’s rural tourism development, the difficulties of domestic waste management in rural tourism areas and puts forward suggestions for improvement based on analysis.
Thoughts on the Design of Wall Painting Patterns for the Tourism Space
Authors: Yan Hao , Xu Gao , Gonghu Huang
Published: April 2021

The rapid development of economy in the modern society have led people to develop more and more demands for spiritual life, and has gradually changed people’s way of life. The rise of tourism industry has also met some people’s spiritual needs, with the tourism space becoming part of the humanistic landscape. The needs of people for tourism space vary from time to time, which are further complicated by people’s demand for more public space. The growing ecological awareness of people are driving them to focus more on the tourism space, allowing them to learn about different geologies, cultures and histories so that they could relax and ease off anxiety brought by the hustle and bustle of city life. Therefore, public tourism space has become a major component of city in urbanization.
Research on Wuyi County Road Traffic Leading Rural Revitalization Practice Based on Life Quality Evaluation Index
Authors: Huijing Jiao , Jin’e Wang , Xuefeng Yang
Published: April 2021

In order to study the influence and development of transportation on rural revitalization in suburban counties in southern China, Xinzhai Town, Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province, was selected as the research object, and field interviews and data collection were used to analyze the practical impact and significance of road traffic development on rural revitalization.
A Study on the Promotion of Rural Cultural Value from the Perspective of Integration of Culture and Tourism: A Case Study of Xufu Cultural Village
Authors: Fang Wei , Zhou Bo
Published: April 2021

The integration of culture and tourism is a major trend in the development of culture and tourism. The development and utilization of cultural products is the key and important support to extend the tourism industry chain and enhance tourists’ sense of experience and satisfaction. From the perspective of integration of culture and tourism and promotion of cultural value, this paper aims at the current situation of insufficient cultural connotation, inadequate display and low recognition of Xufu, and reconstructs and reproduces the culture from four dimensions: cultural experience, function, industry and symbol.
Research on the revitalization of the cultural tourism industry in the post-epidemic era——a case study of Guangxi
Authors: Che Jixuan , Yang Peng , Wu Jiayue , Gao Yafei
Published: April 2021

As a sudden public health event, the COVID-19 epidemic has brought a tremendous impact on the economic and social development of China. Its biggest and most direct impact is in the tertiary industry, especially the cultural tourism industry, which has a more far-reaching impact. This paper takes Guangxi as an example to study the current situation, problems, and future development direction of the cultural tourism industry in the post-epidemic era. The study found that the response to the epidemic in ethnic minority areas represented by Guangxi was timely and rapid, but due to their industrial resilience and the impact of the epidemic, the revitalization of the culture and tourism industry is still facing severe challenges. Therefore, this article put forward the key countermeasure to promote the cultural tourism industry revitalization of ethnic minority areas from list management, elements of development management, project construction, industry integration, and international cooperation, to provide policy recommendations and theoretical basis for the revitalization of the cultural tourism industry in ethnic minority areas.
Research on the (establishment of) path of realizing the targeted poverty alleviation through tourism under the perspective of all-for-one tourism
Authors: Dan Su
Published: April 2021

Under the strategic perspective of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the guiding ideology of “precise poverty alleviation”. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also pointed out that the main contradictions in my country’s society have been transformed, and tourism is the top of the happy and green industries. Industry is an important symbol of the improvement of people’s living standards. Taking tourism development as an entry point has become another effective measure for targeted poverty alleviation. The concept of all-for-one tourism has pointed out the direction for the development of the tourism industry, which is conducive to the improvement of regional economic levels and is an effective means of tourism poverty alleviation. Based on the discussion of allfor- one tourism and targeted poverty alleviation, this article analyzes the current development of tourism in Ejin Horo Banner of the Ordos and the status quo of tourism poverty alleviation, explore the path to achieve tourism poverty alleviation to help Inner Mongolia achieve comprehensive poverty alleviation by the study of the coupling mechanism of the two.

Tourism poverty alleviation is the most typical type of industrial poverty alleviation, and it is a powerful starting point and focus for building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. In this process, as a new research horizon, all-for-one tourism has realized the completeness of tourism in terms of space, industry, elements and management. It is an important means of tourism poverty alleviation, and the coupling mechanism of all-for-one tourism and tourism poverty alleviation should provide a new paradigm for further expanding the realization path of targeted poverty alleviation
Suitability Evaluation of Urban Kangyang in Heilongjiang Province
Authors: Wang Wei , Pei Chuanwang
Published: April 2021

With the change of the elderly’s demand for pension, Kangyang has become a new way of providing for the aged. In order to study the suitability of Kangyang various cities in Heilongjiang Province, based on the relevant scholars’ research on different types of Kangyang, the basic framework of evaluation system was established by combing the four elements of ecology, humanity, people’s livelihood and medical treatment. 25 indexes were selected as evaluation indexes, and the evaluation was conducted by entropy weight - TOPSIS method. The results show that Yichun is the most suitable city for health care, Qiqihar and Suihua need to strengthen construction in all aspects, and other cities have their own advantages. Therefore, the city needs to strengthen different aspects of construction according to its own actual situation, so as to enhance the comprehensive strength of the suitability of health care.
A Study on the Effect of High-Speed Railway on Economic Growth of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Wang Chenyang
Published: April 2021

In order to measure the value of high-speed railway in the development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and provide empirical support for the rationality of “eight horizontal and eight vertical” planning, based on the impact mechanism of high-speed railway on economic growth, this paper uses the data of 13 prefecture level cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration from 2009 to 2017 to quantitatively study the economy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration triggered by high-speed railway Growth effect. The empirical results show that the overall effect of high-speed railway on economic growth of Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is 0.545 in the past two years, which is a large positive effect. The highspeed railway can not only directly stimulate the economic growth of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration by expanding the scale of capital investment, but also indirectly promote the economic growth of Beijing Tianjin Hebei urban agglomeration by promoting the development of system, technology, labor force and industrial structure, which proves the value of high-speed railway. Finally, according to the empirical results, it provides reasonable feasible suggestions to the relevant government departments.
Issues of the Preservation and Conservation of the Petroglyph in the Khoid Tsenkher Cave
Authors: Ulaankhuu Khishigdalai , Nyandag Bat-Erdene , Erdene-Dalai Avirmed
Published: April 2021

The Khoid Tsenkher Cave is located 28 km away from the center of Mankhan soum, Khovd province in Mongolia. The cave contains about 40,000-year-old petroglyphs. A variety of animals were depicted on the surface of the rocks, such as ostriches, camels, lions, elephants, and buffaloes in red and light brown paints. These images prove the existence of the animals that became extinct a long time ago. These petroglyphs play an important role in the research of the history and culture of the Paleolithic period of the world due to its visual content and design methods. Unfortunately, 64 images and symbols were faded and became unknown due to the wrong action of the people and new carvings have been created on them. The cave is visited by about 5,000 international and domestic tourists a year, but they cannot actually see the main attraction and do not have the chance to understand its great value. Therefore, there is an opportunity to develop tourism by involving local people in the preservation and conservation process of the cave and its historical and cultural monuments.
The Myth of Balance: Exploring Community-based Ecotourism in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhang Dantong
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the community-based ecotourism on Yim Tin Tsai which is a representative example of Hong Kong’s responsible management. The island presents a local community of the explored saltpan and natural resources. The research draws upon criticism of ecotourism in Yim Tin Tsai as a way of understanding the importance of balancing nature with the economic interests. As adopting a qualitative research method for the case study, the experience and thoughts reflected by the local resident of will be also analyzed.
Research on the integrated development of marginal characteristic villages from the perspective of popular science tourism
Authors: Liu Qiang , Liu Hanfang
Published: April 2021

Since the government elevated the rural revitalization strategy to the national level in 2018, the rural revitalization work has been effectively promoted and developed across the country, but there is a “double-edge” rural type that deserves attention.They are on the edge of social attention and investment because they are not listed in the List of Traditional Villages or Beautiful Village, and they often have great potential for tourism development by virtue of geographical advantages, rich regional resources and unique cultural resources.This paper focuses on the tourism integration planning and development of this kind of “double-edge” villages. From the micro-scale of the village, combined with the rural revitalization, this paper takes the ancient village of Zhengjiawopo in Jinan as the specific foothold to carry out the planning pilot study. After nearly two years of theoretical research and practical exploration by a multidisciplinary planning team, with the beep nest village planning and development results of the initial slope.
Research on Management Defense and Enterprise Innovation under Informatization
Authors: Kang Jingjing
Published: April 2021

The information development affects the Enterprise Management Defense, and then affects the enterprise innovation. This paper takes the non-financial listed companies in China’s A-share market from 2013 to 2017 as samples to empirically study the impact of management defense on enterprise innovation. It is found that managerial defense inhibits enterprise innovation; compared with non-state-owned enterprises, managerial defense of state-owned enterprises has a more significant inhibitory effect on enterprise innovation. The results of this paper provide a basis for improving corporate governance structure, weakening management defense, promoting enterprise innovation, and help government departments deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises.
Design of Performance Evaluation Index of Scientific Research Projects Based on BSC
Authors: Yu Qiu , Yan Peng
Published: April 2021

As the carrier of scientific research funding for various organizations, scientific research projects are the main driving force for the development and progress of national science and technology. Performance evaluation of these projects can stimulate the vitality of scientific research, and promote scientific and technological innovation. In order to establish and improve the performance evaluation system of military scientific research projects, this paper studies the performance evaluation indicators from four perspectives: resources, effect, internal business processes, and learning and growth based on the balanced score card.
Public Goods: Re-examination, Related Concepts and Distinctions
Authors: Chen Jing
Published: April 2021

The essay is aiming at answering‘How do economists distinguish between public goods and private goods? What problems does the existence of public goods pose for the market? How might the government intervene to address the problems of public goods? Illustrate with an example or examples drawn from your work experience or the academic literature’. This essay consists of three parts exploring different issues related to the resolution of public goods and externalities problems. The first section is to identify the public goods and private goods from an economic scope. Whereas the second part is to explore the possible obstacles the public goods would pose for the market. And the final part is to figure out how government would resolve the addressed problems by intervention and use valid empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of these intervention and actions.
Research on Priority-based Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Algorithm
Authors: Liu Manxing , Xia Xiufeng
Published: April 2021

Research on the Flexible Job Shop Scheduling (FJSP) problem in the manufacturing process of aircraft engines has been carried out. It is found that there are real requirements such as order mandatory nodes and equipment selection in the current job scheduling process. Order mandatory node means that some important orders must be delivered on time at a certain point in time, which often affects the quality of workshop scheduling results. In addition, equipment selection is also an important factor affecting the quality of job shop scheduling results. On this basis, an order priority calculation method with manual intervention is designed. Experiments show that the proposed shop job scheduling algorithm effectively improves the quality of job shop scheduling results.
Research status of human resource management in China based on scientific knowledge map
Authors: Qian Kun , Li Yingxue , Lv Yuenan , Yang Xiaonan
Published: April 2021

In order to accurately grasp the current research frontier of human resource management, according to certain retrieval conditions, 2724 literatures published from 2011 to 2021 were retrieved from CNKI database as data samples. CiteSpace software was used for visual analysis, CO citation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on these literature data, and the corresponding knowledge map was drawn. The objective of this paper is to show the hot topics and cutting-edge trends of human resource management research in China and draw the current situation of human resource management research in China, in order to provide reference for future research.
Layout design of new production shop based on SLP
Authors: Zhao Lijie
Published: April 2021

It has become the main way for heavy industry enterprises to decrease the cost to excavate “logistics resources” according to the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP). Taking the new tool shaft machining workshop of Luoyang yituo zhongcheng machinery co., LTD. as an example, through the method of field investigation and visit, we get the data of the process flow, material handling, the relationship between each process and the general situation of the new workshop. The SLP method is used to divide the work units in the workshop, analyze the relationship between logistics and non-logistics among each work unit, determine the comprehensive relationship between each operation unit, and make the position correlation diagram. Besides, we also combine the current situation of the workshop to sort out the layout scheme to reduce the production costs of the workshop.
Outcome of Surgical Interventions and Deliveries in Patients with Bleeding of Unknown Cause: An Observational Study
Authors: Veen Caroline S. B. , Huisman Elise J. , Romano Lorenzo G. R. , Schipaanboord Celesta W. A. , Cnossen Marjon H. , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Kruip Marieke J. H. A.
Published: April 2021

Background The most optimal management for patients with bleeding of unknown cause (BUC) is unknown, as limited data are available.

Objective Evaluate management and outcome of surgical procedures and deliveries in patients with BUC.

Materials and Methods All patients ≥12 years of age, referred to a tertiary center for a bleeding tendency, were included. Bleeding phenotype was assessed and hemostatic laboratory work-up was performed. Patients were diagnosed with BUC or an established bleeding disorder (BD). Data on bleeding and treatment during surgical procedures and delivery following diagnosis were collected.

Results Of 380 included patients, 228 (60%) were diagnosed with BUC and 152 (40%) with an established BD. In 14/72 (19%) surgical procedures major bleeding occurred and 14/41 (34%) deliveries were complicated by major postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). More specifically, 29/53 (55%) of the BUC patients who underwent surgery received prophylactic treatment to support hemostasis. Despite these precautions, 4/29 (14%) experienced major bleeding. Of BUC patients not treated prophylactically, bleeding occurred in 6/24 (25%). Of pregnant women with BUC, 2/26 (8%) received prophylactic treatment during delivery, one women with and 11 (46%) women without treatment developed major PPH.

Conclusion Bleeding complications are frequent in BUC patients, irrespective of pre- or perioperative hemostatic treatment. We recommend a low-threshold approach toward administration of hemostatic treatment in BUC patients, especially during delivery.
Not All About Farming: Understanding Aspirations Can Challenge Assumptions About Rural Development
Authors: Mausch Kai , Harris Dave , Dilley Luke , Crossland Mary , Pagella Tim , Yim Jules , Jones Emma
Published: April 2021

Rural development is a political topic in which debate has been more focussed on externally identified needs than on demands or aspirations of the rural population and polarised between the attractions of urban income earning opportunities and the importance of rural farming communities for national food provision. The heterogeneity of local aspirations and their implications for development have barely been considered. We explore the aspirations of residents of three contrasting regions in Kenya that vary in their agricultural and off-farm potential. We argue that opportunities are a major framing influence on aspirations but there is important, and routinely overlooked, diversity within the communities which could inform future options for effective development. We outline how development initiatives could be redesigned to align more closely with aspirations. However, aspirations are a complex concept and, while our approach offered novel insights, these would be enriched when combined with household survey data.
Advances in physics understanding of high poloidal beta regime toward steady-state operation of CFETR
Authors: Qian J. P. , Garofalo A. M. , Gong X. Z. , Huang J. , Ding S. Y. , Holcomb C. T. , Hyatt A. , Ferron J. , McClenaghan J. , McKee G. , Kotschenreuther M. , Wu M. Q. , Shi S. Y. , Li M. H. , Zhu X. , Sun Y. W. , Xu G. S. , Wang L. , Chen J. L. , Zang Q. , Zhang B. , Zhang L. , Liu H. Q. , Lyu B. , Guo W. F. , Pan C. K. , Ren Q. , Li G. Q. , Wang H. Q. , Zhang X. J. , Pinsker R. I. , Staebler G. M. , Lao L. L.
Published: April 2021

Experimental and modeling investigations of high βp scenarios on DIII-D and EAST tokamaks show advantages in high energy confinement, avoidance of n = 1 MHD, and core-edge integration with reduced heat flux, making this scenario an attractive option for China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor steady-state operation. Experiments show that plasmas with high confinement and high density can be achieved with neutral beam injection on DIII-D (βp ∼ 2.2, βN ∼ 3.5, fBS ∼ 50%, fGw ∼ 1.0, and H98y2 ∼ 1.5) and pure RF power on EAST (βP ∼ 2.0, βN ∼ 1.6, fBS ∼ 50%, fGw ∼ 0.8, and H98y2 > 1.3). By tailoring the current density profile, a q-profile with local (off-axis) negative shear is achieved, which yields improved confinement and MHD stability. Transport analysis and simulation suggest that the combination of a high density gradient and high Shafranov shift allows turbulence stabilization and higher confinement. Using on-axis Electron Cyclotron Heating injection, tungsten accumulation is avoided on EAST, and this is reproduced in modeling. Reduced heat flux (by > 40%) and maintenance of high core confinement is achieved with active feedback control of the radiated divertor, an important result for long pulse operation in tokamaks. The improved physics understanding and validated modeling tools are used to design a 1 GW steady-state scenario for CFETR.
Recent progress and challenges in magnetic tunnel junctions with 2D materials for spintronic applications
Authors: Zhang Lishu , Zhou Jun , Li Hui , Shen Lei , Feng Yuan Ping
Published: April 2021

As Moore's law is gradually losing its effectiveness, the development of alternative high-speed and low-energy–consuming information technology with postsilicon-advanced materials is urgently needed. The successful application of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) has given rise to a tremendous economic impact on magnetic informatics, including magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), radiofrequency sensors, microwave generators, and neuromorphic computing networks. The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials brings opportunities for MTJs based on 2D materials, which have many attractive characteristics and advantages. In particular, the recently discovered intrinsic 2D ferromagnetic materials with high spin polarization hold the promise for next-generation nanoscale MTJs. Various 2D materials, such as semimetallic graphene, insulating h-BN, semiconducting MoS2, magnetic semiconducting CrI3, magnetic metallic Fe3GeTe2, and some other recently emerged 2D materials, are discussed as the electrodes and/or central scattering materials of MTJs in this review. We discuss the fundamental and main issues facing MTJs; review the current progress made with 2D MTJs; briefly comment on work with some specific 2D materials and highlight how they address the current challenges in MTJs; and, finally, offer an outlook and perspective of 2D MTJs.
Ion-acoustic turbulence in the skin layer of the inductively coupled plasma
Authors: Mikhailenko V. V. , Mikhailenko V. S. , Lee H. J.
Published: April 2021

The theory of the nonmodal ion-acoustic instability in the skin layer of the inductively coupled plasma is developed. This instability has a time-dependent growth rate and is driven by the current formed in the skin layer by the accelerated motion of electrons relative to ions under the action of the ponderomotive force. We found that the development of the ion-acoustic turbulence (IAT) in the skin layer and the scattering of electrons by IAT are primary channels of the nonlinear absorption of the RF energy in the skin layer.
On scenarios of the onset of homoclinic attractors in three-dimensional non-orientable maps
Authors: Gonchenko A. S. , Gonchenko M. S. , Kozlov A. D. , Samylina E. A.
Published: April 2021

We study scenarios of the appearance of strange homoclinic attractors (which contain only one fixed point of saddle type) for one-parameter families of three-dimensional non-orientable maps. We describe several types of such scenarios that lead to the appearance of discrete homoclinic attractors including Lorenz-like and figure-8 attractors (which contain a saddle fixed point) as well as two types of attractors of spiral chaos (which contain saddle-focus fixed points with the one-dimensional and two-dimensional unstable manifolds, respectively). We also emphasize peculiarities of the scenarios and compare them with the known scenarios in the orientable case. Examples of the implementation of the non-orientable scenarios are given in the case of three-dimensional non-orientable generalized Hénon maps.
Dynamical properties of different models of elastic polymer rings: Confirming the link between deformation and fragility
Authors: Gnan Nicoletta , Camerin Fabrizio , Del Monte Giovanni , Ninarello Andrea , Zaccarelli Emanuela
Published: April 2021

We report extensive numerical simulations of different models of 2D polymer rings with internal elasticity. We monitor the dynamical behavior of the rings as a function of the packing fraction to address the effects of particle deformation on the collective response of the system. In particular, we compare three different models: (i) a recently investigated model [N. Gnan and E. Zaccarelli, Nat. Phys. 15, 683 (2019)] where an inner Hertzian field providing the internal elasticity acts on the monomers of the ring, (ii) the same model where the effect of such a field on the center of mass is balanced by opposite forces, and (iii) a semi-flexible model where an angular potential between adjacent monomers induces strong particle deformations. By analyzing the dynamics of the three models, we find that in all cases, there exists a direct link between the system fragility and particle asphericity. Among the three, only the first model displays anomalous dynamics in the form of a super-diffusive behavior of the mean-squared displacement and of a compressed exponential relaxation of the density auto-correlation function. We show that this is due to the combination of internal elasticity and the out-of-equilibrium force self-generated by each ring, both of which are necessary ingredients to induce such a peculiar behavior often observed in experiments of colloidal gels. These findings reinforce the role of particle deformation, connected to internal elasticity, in driving the dynamical response of dense soft particles.
Topological magnonics
Authors: Wang X. S. , Wang X. R.
Published: April 2021

Spin waves, whose quanta are called magnons, are propagating excitations of magnetic materials. Magnonics is an emerging field of modern condensed matter physics that aims to study and utilize the properties and behaviors of magnons. The topological magnon band is an interesting topic of magnonics, and nontrivial topology is usually accompanied with many exotic phenomena such as emergence of robust edge states and the magnon Hall effect. In this Tutorial, using a honeycomb ferromagnet as a prototypical platform, we pedagogically demonstrate how to compute the magnon spectra and the topological invariants characterizing the topology of the magnon bands. We also briefly discuss some numerical techniques.
Multichannel gas-uptake/evolution reactor for monitoring liquid-phase chemical reactions
Authors: Salazar Chase A. , Thompson Blaise J. , Knapp Spring M. M. , Myers Steven R. , Stahl Shannon S.
Published: April 2021

The design of a headspace pressure-monitoring reactor for measuring the uptake/evolution of gas in gas–liquid chemical transformations is described. The reactor features a parallel setup with ten-reactor cells, each featuring a low working volume of 0.2–2 ml, a pressure capacity from 0 to 150 PSIa, and a high sensitivity pressure transducer. The reactor cells are composed of commercially available disposable thick-walled glassware and compact monolithic weld assemblies. The software interface controls the reactor temperature while monitoring pressure in each of the parallel reactor cells. Reactions are easy to set up and yield high-density gas uptake/evolution data. This instrument is especially well suited to acquire quantitative time-course data for reactions with small quantities of gas consumed or produced.
Ferromagnetic order of ultra-thin La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 sandwiched between SrRuO3 layers
Authors: Piamonteze Cinthia , Bern Francis , Avula Sridhar Reddy Venkata , Studniarek Michał , Autieri Carmine , Ziese Michael , Lindfors-Vrejoiu Ionela
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate the stability of ferromagnetic order of one unit cell thick optimally doped manganite (La0.7Ba0.3MnO3, LBMO) epitaxially grown between two layers of SrRuO3 (SRO) by using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. At low temperature, LBMO shows an inverted hysteresis loop due to the strong antiferromagnetic coupling to SRO. Moreover, above SRO TC, manganite still exhibits magnetic remanence. Density Functional Theory calculations show that coherent interfaces of LBMO with SRO hinder electronic confinement and the strong magnetic coupling enables the increase in the LBMO TC. From the structural point of view, interfacing with SRO enables LBMO to have octahedral rotations similar to bulk. All these factors jointly contribute for stable ferromagnetism up to 130 K for a one unit cell LBMO film.
Simulation of stray laser light of Thomson scattering systems in the HL-2M tokamak
Authors: Liu C. H. , Huang Y. , Hou Z. P. , Wang Y. Q. , Feng Z. , Zhai W. Y.
Published: April 2021

Stray laser light is a serious problem that interrupts the measurement of electron temperature and density in Thomson scattering (TS) systems. This paper presents a ray-tracing simulation of stray laser light in HL-2M TS systems. A model including (i) a simplified laser-beam injection system, (ii) the scattered-light collection systems for central-point TS (CPTS) and edge TS (ETS), and (iii) the HL-2M vessel is built using the TracePro and CATIA software packages based on measurements of the bidirectional scattering distribution function at a wavelength of 532 nm. The simulation results show that no stray laser light reaches the injection surface of the collection lens of the CPTS system, and only a few stray laser rays of all the rays reaching the injection surface of the collection lens of the ETS system can be collected when the energy threshold per ray is 1 × 10−16. The stray laser rays that reach the scattered-light collection systems are mainly from the first and second parts of the slides of the beam dump, so decreasing the roughness of those parts could be effective in reducing the level of stray laser light.
Modular bolometric/soft x-ray diagnostic in Sino-UNIted Spherical Tokamak
Authors: Yang Menghua , Wang Binbin , Tan Yi , Gao Zhe
Published: April 2021

A bolometer/soft x-ray diagnostic based on modular absolute extreme ultraviolet photodiodes has been built to obtain the local emission profile of a poloidal cross section in Sino-UNIted Spherical Tokamak (SUNIST). The system consists of seven photodiode arrays of 112 channels located around the low field side of a poloidal cross section. All arrays are mounted into 81 × 36 × 33 mm3 modules, which could be installed flexibly on the wall of the vacuum vessel. Tungsten shields with adjustable pinholes restrict the radiation flux. Compact flexible printed circuits with multilayer copper polygon poured on both sides are designed to transmit signals with electronic noise, which is reduced to less than 1/10 before. A two-stage transimpedance amplifier array of 700 kHz bandwidth is fixed on the atmosphere side of a vacuum electrical feedthrough and is powered by battery packs. A synchronized switch shuts down the circuit to reduce the heat production and increase the battery life. A line-integrated radiation emission profile with 2 cm spatial resolution and temporal resolution up to 2 µs is obtained, and the local emission profile of SUNIST is reconstructed with the help of a newly developed tomography scheme for movable detector modules.
Chaotic vibrations of size-dependent flexible rectangular plates
Authors: Krysko V. A. , Awrejcewicz J. , Papkova I. V. , Krysko V. A.
Published: April 2021

A mathematical model describing nonlinear vibrations of size-dependent rectangular plates is proposed. The plates are treated as the Cosserat continuum with bounded rotations of their particles (pseudo-continuum). The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) and boundary/initial conditions are obtained using the von Kármán geometric relations, and they are yielded by the energetic Hamilton principle. The derived mixed-form PDEs are reduced to ordinary differential equations and algebraic equations (AEs) using (i) the Galerkin–Krylov–Bogoliubov method (GKBM) in higher approximations, and then they are solved with the help of a combination of the Runge–Kutta methods of the second and fourth order, (ii) the finite difference method (FDM), and (iii) the Newmark method. The convergence of FDM vs the interval of the space coordinate grids and of GKBM vs the number of employed terms of the approximating function is investigated. The latter approach allows for achieving reliable results by taking account of almost infinite-degree-of-freedom approximation to the regular and chaotic dynamics of the studied plates. The problem of stability loss of the size-dependent plates under harmonic load is also tackled.
Homogeneous water nucleation in carbon dioxide–nitrogen mixtures: Experimental study on pressure and carrier gas effects
Authors: Campagna M. M. , Hrubý J. , van Dongen M. E. H. , Smeulders D. M. J.
Published: April 2021

New homogeneous nucleation experiments are presented at 240 K for water in carrier gas mixtures of nitrogen with carbon dioxide molar fractions of 5%, 15%, and 25%. The pulse expansion wave tube is used to test three different pressure conditions, namely, 0.1, 1, and 2 MPa. In addition, a restricted series of nucleation experiments is presented for 25% carbon dioxide mixtures at temperatures of 234 and 236 K at 0.1 MPa. As pressure and carbon dioxide content are increased, the nucleation rate increases accordingly. This behavior is attributed to the reduction in the water surface tension by the adsorption of carrier gas molecules. The new data are compared with theoretical predictions based on the classical nucleation theory and on extrapolations of empirical surface tension data to the supercooled conditions at 240 K. The extrapolation is carried out on the basis of a theoretical adsorption/surface tension model, extended to multi-component mixtures. The theoretical model appears to strongly overestimate the pressure and composition dependence. At relatively low pressures of 0.1 MPa, a reduction in the nucleation rates is found due to an incomplete thermalization of colliding clusters and carrier gas molecules. The observed decrease in the nucleation rate is supported by the theoretical model of Barrett, generalized here for water in multi-component carrier gas mixtures. The temperature dependence of the nucleation rate at 0.1 MPa follows the scaling model proposed by Hale [J. Chem. Phys. 122, 204509 (2005)].