bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Got Those PL 94–142 Blues
Authors: Huckaby Harriette , Daly Jerry
Published: December 2011

The implementation of PL 94–142 has made a definite impact on the school counselor. The demands on a counselor's time and energy were not anticipated. This article discusses what is actually happening and why it is happening. Some suggestions are given about what can be done to help the counselor in a local setting.
Conflicting Loyalties: A Literature Review
Authors: McMILLIAN MARVIN E.
Published: December 2011

Because most counselors are employees of institutions and agencies rather than private practitioners, the problem of dual, sometimes conflicting, allegiance to the employer and to the client has long been an issue. The ethical code of the American Personnel and Guidance Association acknowledges this ambiguity, but it does not offer precise directions for its resolution. It is assumed that counselors may turn to the professional literature for direction to resolve the dilemma. This article surveys the relevant literature in an attempt to discover the nature of the direction available to counselors as they deal with conflicting loyalties.
Paperwork, Pressure, and Discouragement: Student Attitudes Toward Guidance Services and Implications for the Profession
Authors: WELLS CARL E. , RITTER KATHLEEN Y.
Published: December 2011

This article goes beyond the traditional survey of student attitudes toward the school guidance service. The student data are used as a springboard to the broader issues affecting the counseling profession. The focus is on counselor discouragement and what all concerned practitioners can do to revitalize the profession.
Taking Counseling to Minority Students: The Classroom As Delivery Vehicle
Authors: SCHAUBLE PAUL G. , PARKER WOODROE M. , PROBERT BARBARA S. , ALTMAIER ELIZABETH MITCHELL
Published: December 2011

This article discusses an alternate treatment approach for helping minority students learn a variety of academic and coping skills. A Special Services course was designed and taught by two counseling psychologists, who were assisted by peer counselors and graduate student group leaders. The goals of this course were to help students develop a more positive set of self‐evaluations and to increase individual responsibility and group cooperation among the students. Specifics of the course are presented, and evaluation methods are suggested. In addition, there are implications of this course for minority student retention.
Between High School Counselor and College Advisor‐A Void
Authors: Grites Thomas J.
Published: December 2011

This article describes conditions of the college environment of which freshmen are usually unaware. It presents suggestions for new roles and efforts of both school counselors and college advisors. A healthier learning environment and reduced attrition are the expected outcomes of such efforts.
What They Didn't Tell Me About Counseling in Graduate School
Authors: Haber Russell Alan
Published: December 2011

This article is concerned with the search for the way to approach clients in a counseling session. The result of this search is a healthy respect for the confusion of the counselor and the client, and the interrelationship of the two.
Training Counselors for Special Education
Authors: Flugman Bert , Goldman Leo , Katz David
Published: December 2011

Through a one‐year internship, counselors develop attitudes and competencies needed to promote the career development of handicapped high school students. This new specialty in the counseling field, although it incorporates elements of rehabilitation, school, and vocational counseling, occurs within the framework of special education classes in regular high schools, and therefore is markedly different from any existing specialty. The role model developed in this project, now in its fifth year, stresses outreach, planning, and an active part for the counselor. This approach has been found effective both with handicapped and with learning disabled students in several urban schools.
Parent Involvement Project
Authors: Yura Michael T. , Zuckerman Lawrence , Betz Mary Jane , Newman Shelia Stevens
Published: December 2011

This article describes a project designed to provide assistance to parents of exceptional children in western Pennsylvania. The format for eight parent sessions is presented.
Increasing Career Center Accessibility for the Blind
Authors: White Paul , Reardon Robert , Barker Sandra , Carlson Arthur
Published: December 2011

To improve career planning services for visually impaired persons, the career center at Florida State University developed a self‐directed program. This article describes strategies for making career information materials and resources more accessible to the blind.
Counseling Vietnamese
Authors: BROWER IMOGENE C.
Published: December 2011

The continuing influx of Vietnamese refugees means that increasing numbers of counselors unfamiliar with Vietnamese culture will be called on to build helping relationships with refugee children and their families. This article provides specific information to help the counselor establish rapport, avoid misunderstandings in explicit and implicit communication, minimize transference dangers, and deal with Vietnamese attitudes toward sex roles and the individual/family relationship. It also discusses relevant socioeconomic and ethnic differences among the Vietnamese themselves, as well as some war‐related mental health problems. Practical matters, such as the proper use of Vietnamese names, are explained.
Turning Experience into Competency Statements
Authors: Neely Margery A. , Schuley Marcia R.
Published: December 2011

Women who aspire to administrative jobs in education often do not even make it past the resume‐screening stage because most of their managerial experience has been in volunteer/unpaid jobs, and this experience does not appear on the traditional resume, which documents paid work only. A portfolio of volunteer/unpaid administrative experiences has demonstrated validity and reliability in presenting skills to prospective employers. This article outlines the development of a self‐directed manual to aid in building portfolios, and reports on the evaluation of portfolios' effectiveness in presenting competencies.
Some Implications of Recent Research in Social and Developmental Psychology for Counseling Practice
Authors: BLOCHER DONALD H.
Published: December 2011

Blocher sees four implications for counseling as a result of the additions to research and theory building of social, developmental, and general psychology. From social influence theory, from cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and developmental research (and their hyphenated combinations) he offers a prototype “systematic eclectic” task‐model directed toward implications (1) counseling is a social influence process, (2) counseling centers on the client's cognitive activity, (3) a major variable in the outcome of counseling is the level of the client's cognitive development, and (4) counselors may need intervention programs to raise cognitive levels.
Children's Use of Social Conceptions: Toward a Dynamic Model of Social Cognition
Authors: COONEY ELLEN WARD , SELMAN ROBERT L.
Published: December 2011

For developmental social psychology to be clinically practical, it must use categories of experience similar to categories that counselors, clinicians, and other practitioners find useful. Knowledge of the developmental forms or levels, conceptions of critical issues in intrapsychic (individual), friendship, and peer group relationships provide such a map of how individuals at different ages view their social relations. The article also describes how individuals may function at different levels depending on the context in which they are expressing their understanding (e.g., spontaneous discussion, reflective thought).
Ego Development and a General Model for Counseling and Psychotherapy
Authors: SWENSEN CLIFFORD H.
Published: December 2011

Swensen describes a general model within which various techniques of counseling and psychotherapy may be integrated. This model is based on Lewin's formula, B = f (P, E), that is, behavior is a function of the person and the environment. Therapists should assess both the personality of the client and the environment. Client assessment is based on the concept of ego development. The behavior of clients who are at simpler levels of ego development is determined largely by reward and punishment in the environment. As a consequence, professionals should direct therapy with these clients toward changing the reinforcement contingencies in the environment. On the other hand, behavior of clients at more complex levels of ego development is more self‐controlled. Therefore, therapy with these clients should concentrate on self‐directed and self‐controlled change.
Wanted: A Comprehensive Model of Healthy Development
Authors: HEATH DOUGLAS H.
Published: December 2011

Failure of psychologists to provide a comprehensive and valid model of healthy growth that is related to the adaptive problems with which counselors are concerned has limited the usefulness of much psychological research to practitioners. A developmental dimensional model of maturing is presented that has received some transcultural and longitudinal validation. Specific principles, induced from such research and from existing psychological research more generally, provide guidelines about how to encourage healthy growth. Recent evidence demonstrates that the psychological maturity of an adolescent is one of the most powerful predictors of his adult mental health and vocational adaptation, and that adult maturity is a powerful predictor of vocational adaptation, sexual pleasure, and marital sexual compatibility.
Have Hexagon Will Travel: An Interview With John Holland
Authors: WEINRACH STEPHEN G.
Published: December 2011

John Holland is one of the major theorists, living or dead, in the area of career development/choice. He is the author of two books, more than 150 articles, and two inventories, one the popular Self‐Directed Search. During the interview he seemed torn between his desire to be frank, honest, and outspoken, and his fear that should he be, the sex bias controversy that consumed so much of his time several years ago would be stirred up again. When he was first approached with the request for an interview, he declined because he felt that other individuals have made greater contributions than he. In this interview, Holland shares his views on how the SDS was developed, on the strengths and weaknesses of his theory, on how to provide vocational counseling efficiently, and outlines his hopes for the future.
Cognitive Training for Young Children: Expanding the Counselor's Role
Authors: STONE GERALD L. , NOCE AMY
Published: December 2011

This study encourages an expansion of the counselor's role through an evaluation of the efficacy of certain cognitive training procedures in teaching young children skills for interpersonal problem solving. Twenty‐seven students were blocked on school grades, balanced for sex, and randomly assigned to cognitive modeling and self‐instructions (CM‐SI), cognitive modeling alone (CM), or a control group. A two‐week training program focused on generating alternative solutions and consequences. Results of a delayed posttest indicate that the CM‐SI group generated a significantly greater number, variety, and proportion of relevant solutions than the control group. This article relates the findings to those in the literature and discusses interpretations. Highlighted are implications for practitioners concerned with preventive program development.
A Second Look at the Revolution in Counseling
Authors: KRUMBOLTZ JOHN D.
Published: December 2011

In 1965 the revolutionary counseling development was tailoring specific behavioral goals with clients and testing innovative procedures to help clients learn how to achieve their goals. Since then an experimental self‐correcting approach has produced a variety of techniques known to help clients overcome many problems, and has led substantial numbers of counselor educators to teach behavioral approaches to counselors. Future counseling will emphasize prevention more than remediation, internal more than external control, and a better balance among cognition, emotion, and action. Anyone can join the continuing search for better procedures to help clients learn.
New Directions in Counseling Women
Authors: WORELL JUDITH
Published: December 2011

A revolution in counseling women is one logical outcome of recent changes in the social, political, and economic movements that have predisposed individuals to modify their life‐styles and value systems. This article discusses four facets of that revolution and concludes that new counselor training programs are required to meet the needs of emerging client populations. The conclusions are supported by research that indicates (a) new sources of knowledge about the development and functioning of women clients; (b) new groups of client populations whose needs are not being met by traditional counseling strategies; (c) innovative procedures specifically tailored to the unique characteristics of these client groups; and (d) revised standards of ethical practice to ensure competent and appropriate services for all client populations. Training programs are outlined that provide guidelines for sex‐fair education for all counselors and more intensively focused training for counselors who select the counseling of women clients as a career specialty.
Guidance and New Education for Schools
Authors: SPRINTHALL NORMAN A.
Published: December 2011

A rationale for broad‐based school reform is detailed, including a brief examination of the old guidance as separate from the teaching model for school practice. Instead it is now clear that the general curriculum of schools must include psychological growth as a direct object of classroom instruction. To accomplish such “new education,” goals will require a major role shift and commitment on the part of school guidance. There are currently in place a few examples of guidance education in the curriculum at both the elementary and secondary level. These efforts serve only as exemplars of what is possible, namely that an effective guidance role can alter both classroom teaching strategies as well as broaden the curriculum content. It is most strongly suggested that guidance theory and practice take the lead in seeking school reforms.
The Helping Process As Contractual
Authors: GOODYEAR RODNEY K. , BRADLEY FRED O.
Published: December 2011

Virtually all counseling is governed by implicit contracts that define both the treatment goals and procedures and the client‐counselor relationship. This article discusses the implications of both types of contracts for counselors, presents a rationale for making these contracts deliberate and overt, and suggests some guidelines for doing so.
The Counselor in a Psychological Society
Authors: PATE ROBERT H.
Published: December 2011

Counselors are attempting to establish their professional identity in a psychological society. That identity will be established by building on a distinguished heritage and taking directions chosen on the basis of service to counselees.
Pyramid Power in Career Development
Authors: Stewart Douglas , Nejedlo Robert J.
Published: December 2011

Stewart and Nejedlo discuss the use of the Career Development Pyramid as a model for career development and as a practical aid in career counseling. The model graphically depicts the synergistic relations of career choice factors, life‐style, self‐concept, and the specific job. The authors discuss the relationship between the quadrihedral model and current career development theories. They suggest applied uses of the pyramid and provide a working plan for copy and use by career development counselors.
The Role of Values in the Counseling Situation
Authors: ROKEACH MILTON , REGAN JOHN F.
Published: December 2011

A client's problem can be conceptualized as a values problem. Yet there is still much confusion surrounding the concept of values, and closely related issues have not been adequately defined or researched. This article reviews various meanings of values and the authors' preferred distinction between terminal and instrumental values. A case illustration describes the usefulness of the Rokeach Value Survey and of the “method of self‐confrontation” in value therapy. Research on the Value Survey and the method are summarized, with suggestions for their use with different types of clients and in different settings.

C. Gilbert Wrenn gives his personal reactions to the article. These range from “frustrating” to “most satisfying.”
The Impact of World Views on Professional Life‐styling
Authors: SMITH DARRELL
Published: December 2011

A world view expresses the presuppositions a person makes about his or her world. These basic presuppositions center on the nature of ultimate reality, of the universe, of mankind, the meaning of death, the basis of ethics, and the meaning of human history. The four perspectives of theism, deism, agnosticism, and atheism summarize views regarding these six issues. Then the influence of each of the four perspectives on certain counseling issues that are seen as the warp and woof of a counselor's value system are analyzed. These special counseling issues are the counselor‐client relationship, motives for counseling, counseling goals, the method of dealing with special problems, and the choice of counseling strategies. One implication of this analysis is that counselors‐in‐training should study all the perspectives and also formulate for themselves a personal counseling approach that reflects thinking on both the six world issues and the special counseling issues. The second implication of the analysis is that the authentic counselor can work with others in a climate of respect for world views that differ from his or hers. The counselor does not threaten their beliefs—even when helping them to explore, clarify, and develop personal values.

Jeffry Tindall reviews the philosophical approach that Smith proposes and urges that the emphasis of counselors be focused in the philosophical area of axiology.
The Holistic Health Movement
Authors: GROSS STANLEY J.
Published: December 2011

This article provides a conceptual framework for understanding the holistic health field so counselors may consider its implications in addressing a new service area. Counselors can also use the framework as a model for their own self‐development. Gross contrasts holistic health with traditional approaches to healing. Holistic health has unique emphases on ‘'positive wellness,’ environmental concerns, self‐responsibility, and such practices as meditation, fitness, nourishment, vitality, and spirituality.
Value‐Orientation Analysis: The Adaptation of an Anthropological Model for Counseling Research
Authors: CHAPMAN ANN D.
Published: December 2011

This article proposes the adaptation of Florence Kluckhohn's theory of Variation in Value Orientations for use in counseling research. The author summarizes Kluckhohn's theory and presents guidelines for its adaptation.
Path Analysis: An Informal Introduction
Authors: LECLAIR STEVEN W.
Published: December 2011

Researchers from various disciplines use techniques of investigation that are particularly effective in answering questions about specific populations. In this article, the author discusses one technique, path analysis, a model often used in the fields of sociology, economics, and political science.
Much Ado About Nothing?
Authors: Lichtenberg James W. , Heck Edward J.
Published: December 2011

Mary Lee Smith. Sex bias in counseling and psychotherapy

Bernard E. Whitley, Jr. Sex roles and psychotherapy: A current appraisal
Neuro Linguistic Programming for Counselors
Authors: HARMAN ROBERT L. , O'NEILL CHARLES
Published: December 2011

This article elucidates the contributions of Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP) to counseling practice. The Meta‐Model, representational systems, anchoring, and reframing are described, and implications and cautions are discussed.
Program Evaluation and Counseling: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Authors: WHEELER PAUL T. , LOESCH LARRY
Published: December 2011

Spawned by intensified demands for accountability, expanding counselor roles and functions, and increased counselor attention both in the counseling literature and in counseling practice, program evaluation has emerged as a vital aspect of counselor functioning in recent years. This article highlights the differences between program evaluation and research, a long‐standing source of confusion; presents major issues in the practice of counseling program evaluation; and identifies current trends in program evaluation.
An Introduction to the Theory and Conduct of Meta‐Analysis
Authors: WILLSON VICTOR L.
Published: December 2011

“Meta‐analysis” is defined as a cross‐discipline research method. Formally a form of literature review, its primary purpose is the synthesis of research studies already reported. It may be used for description or theory testing, and statistical tests may be applied to the units of analysis, termed effects, to estimate relationships between independent and dependent variables found in research studies.
Naturalistic Research
Authors: SMITH MARY LEE
Published: December 2011

Naturalistic research is offered as an alternative to the more familiar hypothesis‐testing methods of research. Naturalistic research is disciplined inquiry conducted through personal, long‐term contact between the researcher and the object of research. Rather than arbitrarily operationalizing the variables and specifying the hypotheses in advance of contact with the case, the meanings held by persons involved with the case and the effects of the context on the case are allowed to emerge from the data and thus become the objects of study. In this article the assumptions of the methodology of naturalistic inquiry are contrasted with those underlying traditional hypothesis‐testing methods.
Understanding the Life World of the Counselor
Authors: DENTON DAVID E.
Published: December 2011

Phenomenological description is one of the most comprehensive modes of inquiry available for understanding the roles and functions of the counselor. The purpose of this article is to introduce its methods, essential concepts, outcomes, and its complementary relation to other paradigms and methods. The article's hypothetical phenomenologist focuses on an entity called the life world of the counselor, a world made up of meaningful actions. The goal is an understanding of that life world, and the methods are bracketing and multiplying perspectives.
Disability and Family Intervention: A Perspective for Counselors
Authors: Power Paul W.
Published: December 2011

Thomas H. Hohenshil and Rodney K. Goodyear, Special Assignment Editors

Disability and Family Intervention: A Perspective for Counselors

Hilda P. Versluys, Physical Rehabilitation and Family Dynamics. Rehabilitation Literature, March‐April, 1980, 41 (3–4), 58–65.
Understanding Dual Career Couples
Authors: PARKER MAROLYN , PELTIER STEVEN , WOLLEAT PATRICIA
Published: December 2011

The increasing number of clients seeking to maintain a dual career life‐style has increased the need for counselors to educate themselves to the unqiue set of concerns, needs, and characteristics particular to dual career partners and their families. This article presents an overview of the published literature delineating the variables associated with this life‐style, including the numerous benefits or incentives, the common conflicts and stressors, and the personality dynamics shared by these men and women. In addition, the article will describe dysfunctional coping strategies as well as adaptive strategies employed by individuals attempting to manage the coupling of both career and family.
Biofeedback: A Proposed Model for the Treatment of Teacher Anxiety
Authors: WALTON JOSEPH M.
Published: December 2011

This article sets forth a model for using biofeedback in the treatment of teacher anxiety.
In Favor of Acceleration for Gifted Students
Authors: HORNE DON L. , DUPUY PAUL J.
Published: December 2011

This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of both enrichment and acceleration programs for the intellectually gifted and concludes that acceleration is a better option for many students.
Kierkegaard's Philosophy: Implications for Counseling
Authors: DOPSON LORRAINE , GADE ELDON
Published: December 2011

This article discusses how the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard can provide useful guidelines for the study of the counseling process. Kierkegaard's philosophy is also compared with selected contributions of Freud, Skinner, Rogers, and May and with four common themes of counseling and psychotherapy.
An Interview with Retired and Emeritus Counselors
Authors: HOOD ALBERT B. , ROCKWELL LAURALEE K.
Published: December 2011

The authors mailed a questionnaire to all APGA members identified as holding retired or emeritus status in order to gather information about their backgrounds and present living conditions. This article explores some of the respondents' life dreams, career patterns, family interactions, and the stresses and joys of their lives.
Behavior Therapy: A Survey of Procedures for Counselors
Authors: GRODEN GERALD , CAUTELA JOSEPH R.
Published: December 2011

Behavior therapy has expanded dramatically as a result of its demonstrated effectiveness with many types of human problems. This article provides the counselor a current survey of behavior therapy procedures as well as information concerning their applicability and validity.
Equal Opportunity Programs: A Case for Counseling
Authors: Wilbur Michael P. , Roberts‐Wilbur Janice , Jefferson Diane
Published: December 2011

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, under Title VI, requires that institutions of higher education submit enrollment figures according to ethnic breakdown for federal monies to be allocated. Such requirements are indicative of efforts to diversify student populations. The Higher Education Act of 1965 also incorporates a number of related programs—Supplemental Opportunity Grants, College Work Study, Talent Search, Upward‐Bound—which are designed to provide direct or indirect assistance to disadvantaged students. (Gordon, 1975)
HOW CAN WE GIVE INFORMATION ABOUT OCCUPATIONS TO COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Blake Mabelle B.
Published: December 2011

(N. V. G. A. Convention, Boston, February, 1928)
“A MAN'S A MAN FOR A' THAT”
Authors: Metcalf Sylvia Frances
Published: December 2011

An instance of the remarkable results of vocational guidance in solving a handicapped case which had appeared to be both baffling and hopeless.

Here was a hard and unusual problem to be met by the usual methods of vocational guidance. This boy, with both arms gone, wished to paint. But he had no fingers with which to hold a brush,—or even to indicate whether or not be possessed artistic talent!! The results have been remarkable, and prove that the vocational counselor can find a solution for the most seriously handicapped cases, as well as those not disabled.
A COUNSELOR AND A VISITING TEACHER DESCRIBE THEIR JOBS*
Authors: McCradie Annie , Ferguson Bertha
Published: December 2011

When, a year and a half ago, counselors were appointed in the Minneapolis High Schools, there was some concern lest the counselor and the visiting teacher might tread on each other's toes. However, both these people realized that there were more than enough problems to keep them very busy and that it would be merely a matter of studying what types of problems each could handle most effectively. Much consideration was given to this matter during the first year.

A few months ago, at the request of Philip E. Carlson, Principal of Roosevelt Junior‐Senior High School, the visiting teacher and the counselor of that school made a study of the tasks and types of cases that were being handled in their respective offices and formulated the following job analyses. (Editor's Note.)
THE GOOD LIFE AND THE WORLDS WORK
Authors: Keller Franklin J.
Published: December 2011

History is one New Deal after another. Society has to check its purposes and performances as conditions change. The American problem of today is still the equalization of opportunities. The National Occupational Conference, of which Dr. Keller is executive director, desires to help, as much as possible, in the solution of this problem. The first step in the solution, so far as occupational opportunities are concerned, is making them known. But these opportunities depend not alone on the occupation but on the individual. The individual, to make use of them, must have knowledge of his own abilities and be aware of the occupations into which they fit. The methods and techniques of guidance come into the picture as a means of bringing these two kinds of knowledge together. Dr. Keller, in this article, discusses the three phases of the problem in terms of a chart of abilities and occupations adapted from F. M. Earle, and amplified to show the fields in which the National Occupational Conference may function in gathering up the results of previous studies and furthering needed additional researches, in order that the whole field of knowledge and research may be better coordinated, with the ultimate aim of the better adjustment of the individual to occupational life.

Theory and practice are considered as merely two different aspects of the problem as a whole. In conclusion, the program of NOC activities and services is briefly outlined.
VOCATIONAL TRY‐OUTS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Stedman Edith G. , Manson Mary E.
Published: December 2011

In his general article on personnel work in colleges, printed in the December issue, Dr. Cowdery refers to experiments in giving students try‐out experience in occupations. Here is a description of what is being done at Radcliffe College under the management of the Appointment Bureau. It is an interesting idea, but in practice it is even more interesting and significant, as the following article proves. We hope later to present to our readers accounts of how similar plans are working in other colleges.
CAL: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Andrews Joel J.
Published: December 2011

The following case study demonstrates the multifaceted impact of a counselor‐tutor relationship with an 8th grade boy, Cal. The counselor met Cal in April 1978 during internship training and has stayed with him through this year.
TEACHING EXPERIENCE AND COUNSELOR BEHAVIOR: A FURTHER EXAMINATION
Authors: Merrill Irene P. , Lister James L. , Antenen Wayne W.
Published: December 2011

The post‐practicum counseling interview behavior of 37 counselor candidates with teaching experience was compared with that of 31 counselor candidates with no teaching experience. In addition, the post‐practicum counseling behavior of the 37 former teachers was compared with the pre‐practicum counseling behavior of counselor candidates examined in three previous studies. Counselor responses during a 15‐minute role‐playing interview were classified according to a modified version of the Porter Test of Counselor Attitudes. No differences in counselor response distribution were found between counselor candidates with and without teaching experience, but counselor candidates with teaching experience exhibited a higher overall frequency of responses during the interview. The post‐practicum counseling behavior of the 37 counselor candidates with teaching experience differed from the pre‐practicum counseling behavior of those in previous studies in their more frequent use of Understanding responses and their less frequent use of Probing, Interpretive, Supportive, and Evaluative responses. These findings suggest that few differences in post‐practicum counseling behavior exist between counselor candidates with and without teaching experience. The findings are discussed from the standpoint of future research and practice in counselor education.
HALFWAY UP OR DOWN THE TREE
Authors: Lloyd‐Jones Esther
Published: December 2011

This paper was originally presented as a speech at the SPATE Luncheon at the 1968 APGA Convention in Detroit.
COUNSELORS AS CLERKS OR COMPUTATION CONSUMERS
Authors: Wellington Arthur M.
Published: December 2011

Computer utilization can help to free counselors from much clerical work and provide more time and information for improved counseling, and to provide future teachers, through experiencing it, with understandings of the benefits of electronic data processing. This article contends that “all college teachers and counselors should use computers as a drunk uses a lamp post — for support, rather than illumination.”
THE EMPLOYABILITY OF DISABLED ELEMENTARY TEACHERS
Authors: Dickinson James C.
Published: December 2011

Elementary teacher preparation programs may exclude disabled students because of faulty assumptions about their employment opportunities. This study asked superintendents, certification officers, elementary teacher educators and teacher placement directors to judge the employability of variously disabled elementary teachers. There were marked differences in the apparent employability of disabled teachers, with social deviants judged less acceptable than persons with severe sensory or motor impairments. The existence of small numbers of respondents who judged virtually all the examples to be employable suggests that disabled applicants could find employment as elementary teachers.
THE ASSESSMENT OF AFFECTIVE LEARNING IN COUNSELING GROUPS UTILIZING THE TAXONOMY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: AFFECTIVE DOMAIN
Authors: Welter Paul R. , Hudson Wellborn R.
Published: December 2011

While many colleges emphasize both cognitive and affective goals in their teacher preparation, the implementation of these goals is quite another story in that affective goals are ignored and virtually no efforts are made in appraising growth in this domain. A major problem has been the absence of suitable criteria for assessing affective behavior. This study was concerned with the efficacy of the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Affective Domain (TEOAD) as a device for evaluating educational outcomes in the affective area. Nineteen subjects were assigned to three counseling groups and their affective behaviors were rated by three judges using criteria from the TEOAD. Findings suggest that although the criteria are quite useful, they seem to involve a number of dimensions beyond emotion and do not discriminate clearly among them.
SPATE: A VITAL FORCE FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL GUIDANCE
Authors: Muro James J.
Published: December 2011

In spite of suggested changes during the 60's, SPATE retains a basic commitment to teacher education. The retention of this basic philosophy may be very important to elementary school guidance and counseling because of the teacher's unique role in guidance at this level. While the elementary counselor's role as a consultant to teachers is a logical one, he faces some difficult problems in producing changes in teachers. SPATE members can assist the elementary guidance movement by: (a) emphasizing elementary teacher preparation programs; (b) serving as teachers of volunteer groups who work with students in a relationship activity; (c) broadening the traditional orientation course to include self‐learning experiences; (d) promoting work with pupil personnel specialists as a part of student teaching; and (e) involving the undergraduate in SPATE activities.
SELF‐CONCEPT CHANGE IN ELEMENTARY STUDENT TEACHERS
Authors: Pate Robert T. , Dumas Wayne
Published: December 2011

Sixty‐four prospective elementary school teachers were administered the Fiedler Perception Scale adapted by McCallon at the beginning and end of their student teaching. This study attempts to determine the nature and extent of the student teachers' changes in self‐concept in each of 20 subcategories of the student teaching experience. No statistically significant negative changes occurred for any category. Positive change was most pronounced for student teachers who worked with slow or otherwise disadvantaged children, but statistically significant positive changes were apparent for several experience categories.
Delivery of Active DACH‐Pt Anticancer Species by Biodegradable Amphiphilic Polymers Using Thiol‐Ene Radical Addition
Authors: Xiao Haihua , Zhou Dongfang , Liu Shi , Qi Ruogu , Zheng Yonghui , Huang Yubin , Jing Xiabin
Published: December 2011

A biodegradable and amphiphilic copolymer, mPEG‐b‐P(LA‐co‐MAC/TMA) that contains pendant 1,2‐bidentate carboxyl groups is synthesized by thiol‐ene radical addition and is further used to chelate with the active anticancer species (DACH‐Pt) of oxaliplatin to form an mPEG‐b‐P(LA‐co‐MAC/TMA‐Pt‐DACH) complex. The polymer platinum complex can self‐assemble into micelles. In vitro studies show that the DACH‐Pt micelles display enhanced or comparable cytotoxicity against SKOV‐3 and MCF‐7 cancer cells, while they show reduced toxicity to HeLa cells compared with oxaliplatin.

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An enhanced protein crosslink identification strategy using CID‐cleavable chemical crosslinkers and LC/MSn analysis
Authors: Liu Fan , Wu Cong , Sweedler Jonathan V. , Goshe Michael B.
Published: December 2011

We describe a novel two‐step LC/MSn strategy to effectively and confidently identify numerous crosslinked peptides from complex mixtures. This method incorporates the use of our gas‐phase cleavable crosslinking reagent, disuccinimidyl‐succinamyl‐aspartyl‐proline (SuDP), and a new data‐processing algorithm CXLinkS (Cleavable Crosslink Selection), which enables unequivocal crosslink peptide selection and identification on the basis of mass measurement accuracy, high resolving power, and the unique fragmentation pattern of each crosslinked peptide. We demonstrate our approach with well‐characterized monomeric and multimeric protein systems with and without database searching restrictions where inter‐peptide crosslink identification is increased 8‐fold over our previously published data‐dependent LC/MS3 method and discuss its applicability to other CID‐cleavable crosslinkers and more complex protein systems.
Different protein expression profiles in cheese and clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis revealed by proteomic analysis
Authors: Pessione Alessandro , Lamberti Cristina , Cocolin Luca , Campolongo Simona , Grunau Alexander , Giubergia Sonia , Eberl Leo , Riedel Kathrin , Pessione Enrica
Published: December 2011

The use of Enterococcus faecalis in the food industry has come under dispute because of the pathogenic potential of some strains of this species. In this study, we have compared the secretome and whole‐cell proteome of one food isolate (E. faecalis DISAV 1022) and one clinical isolate (E. faecalis H1) by 2‐DE and iTRAQ analyses, respectively. Extracellular protein patterns differed significantly, with only seven proteins common to both strains. Notably, only the clinical isolate expressed various well‐characterized virulence factors such as the gelatinase coccolysin (GelE) and the extracellular serine proteinase V8 (SprE). Moreover, various other putative virulence factors, e.g. superoxide dismutase, choline‐ and chitin‐binding proteins and potential moonlighting proteins, have been detected exclusively in the secretome of the clinical isolate, but not in the food isolate. The iTRAQ analysis of whole‐cell proteins of the two strains highlighted a stronger expression of pathogenic traits such as an endocarditis‐specific antigen and an adhesion lipoprotein in the pathogenic strain E. faecalis H1. Subsequently, six food isolates (including E. faecalis DISAV 1022) and six clinical isolates (including E. faecalis H1) were tested for the presence of gelatinase and protease activity in the culture supernatants. Both enzymatic activities were found in the clinical as well as the food isolates which clearly indicates that protease expression is strain specific and not representative for pathogenic isolates. Genetic analyses revealed that not only the gelatinase and serine protease genes but also the regulatory fsr genes must be present to allow protease expression.
Electron Ionization of Dimethylphenylsilane – Appearance Energies of Selected Ionic Fragments
Authors: Kočišek Jaroslav , Stružínský Ondřej , Sahánková Hana , Krčma František , Matejčík Štefan
Published: December 2011

Electron ionization (EI) to dimethylphenylsilane (DMPS) is studied in crossed electron‐molecular beams experiment. Using this technique with improved energy resolution of the electron beam, the positive mass spectra and the relative partial cross sections for EI to DMPS are obtained. The ionization energy of DMPS of 9.04 ± 0.06 eV and the threshold energies for dissociative ionization channels are estimated. The bond dissociation energies for single bond cleavage channels are also estimated on the basis of experimental observations. The detection of doubly charged ions of DMPS2+ (AE = 26.3 ± 1 eV) as well as several other doubly charged fragments is discussed in detail.

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Interaction Mechanisms between ArO2 Post‐discharge and Biphenyl
Authors: Dal'Maz Silva Walter , Belmonte Thierry , Duday David , Frache Gilles , Noël Cedric , Choquet Patrick , Migeon Henri‐Noel , Maliska Ana Maria
Published: December 2011

Interactions between a late ArO2 post‐discharge and biphenyl (C6H5)2 are studied. Thin films grown by spin‐coating are efficiently etched by the post‐discharge to get a clean surface after treatment. Thin films are strongly preferentially oriented. But this orientation does not depend on the way the sample is pretreated. The pretreatment can create cracks and modify the etching rate. The etching of the biphenyl occurs by interaction with the singlet state of molecular oxygen O2(a1Δg). [4 + 2] cycloaddition is assumed to be the main process leading to ring opening. Next, a large variety of compounds including alcohols, ketones, acids, and aldehydes are created. Atomic oxygen does not seem to play a significant role in the etching process but it functionalizes the biphenyl by creating alcohol groups.

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GaN‐based Schottky barrier ultraviolet photodetector with a 5‐pair AlGaN–GaN intermediate layer
Authors: Lee Kai Hsuan , Chang Ping Chuan , Chang Shoou Jinn , Wu San Lein
Published: December 2011

A GaN‐based Schottky barrier diode (SBD) with a 5‐pair AlGaN–GaN intermediate layer for ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) was fabricated and investigated. It was found that we could achieve a smaller dark leakage current and noise level by using the 5‐pair AlGaN–GaN intermediate layer. For our device biased at −5 V, the responsivity at 360 nm was found to be 0.26 A/W and the UV‐to‐visible rejection ratio was estimated to be 1.83 × 104. At the same bias, it was found that minimum noise equivalent power and normalized detectivity of our device were 1.00 × 10−9 W and 1.45 × 109 cm Hz0.5 W−1, respectively. This indicates a simple and effective way to fabricate high‐performance PDs for UV detection.
Identification of defects at the interface between 3C‐SiC quantum dots and a SiO2 embedding matrix
Authors: Vörös Márton , Gali Adam , Kaxiras Efthimios , Frauenheim Thomas , Knaup Jan M.
Published: December 2011

Due to the favorable band offsets, SiC nanoparticles embedded in silica form a very interesting quantum dot (QD) system. It is possible to produce such QDs in a simple oxidation–carbonization–reoxidation process on Si wafers. This could thus enable production of Si based LED integrated into Si logic devices. However, the luminescence of these QDs, is quenched. This is attributed to defect‐mediated recombination of electron–hole pairs, most probably at the SiC/SiO2 interface. We present tight‐binding simulated annealing calculations, in order to construct models of SiC QDs in SiO2, with the aim of obtaining an overview of the possible defects at the SiC/SiO2 interface. We identify a number of recurring interface defects which can be attributed to C or Si rich conditions or general lattice mismatch relaxation. Similar to defects have been shown to be electrically active at the SiC/SiO2 interface in MOS structures. We find evidence for strained Si–Si bonds, which can act as recombination centers in isolated SiC QDs. The defect classes identified in this work can serve as the basis for future, high precision simulations of their electronic structure.

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A 66‐atom spherical SiC nanocrystal with a shell of SiO2 including –OH termination (66‐sph‐1 cluster, only QM zone shown; cf. Fig. 2 for key).
First‐principles Liouville–von Neumann equation for open systems and its applications
Authors: Koo Siu Kong , Yam Chi Yung , Zheng Xiao , Chen GuanHua
Published: December 2011

We present a first‐principles Liouville–von Neumann equation for open systems. The time‐dependent holographic electron density theorem which is the foundation for our formalism is introduced. Approximation schemes for practical simulations are given. In order to demonstrate the applicability of our formalism, a realistic simulation of a simple molecular device system is presented and discussed.

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A comparative study of density functional and density functional tight binding calculations of defects in graphene
Authors: Zobelli Alberto , Ivanovskaya Viktoria , Wagner Philipp , Suarez‐Martinez Irene , Yaya Abu , Ewels Chris P.
Published: December 2011

The density functional tight binding approach (DFTB) is well adapted for the study of point and line defects in graphene based systems. After briefly reviewing the use of DFTB in this area, we present a comparative study of defect structures, energies, and dynamics between DFTB results obtained using the dftb+ code, and density functional results using the localized Gaussian orbital code, AIMPRO. DFTB accurately reproduces structures and energies for a range of point defect structures such as vacancies and Stone–Wales defects in graphene, as well as various unfunctionalized and hydroxylated graphene sheet edges. Migration barriers for the vacancy and Stone–Wales defect formation barriers are accurately reproduced using a nudged elastic band approach. Finally we explore the potential for dynamic defect simulations using DFTB, taking as an example electron irradiation damage in graphene.

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DFTB‐MD derived sputtering energy threshold map for a carbon atom in a graphene plane.
Coherent manipulation of quadrupole biexcitons in cuprous oxide by 2D femtosecond spectroscopy
Authors: Roslyak Oleksiy , Aparajita Upali , Birman Joseph L. , Mukamel Shaul
Published: December 2011

We propose using coherent optical spectroscopy to study and control optically‐forbidden (dark) biexciton states in crystals of cuprous oxide. These states are revealed in the correlation spectra cross resonances due to coherence with the quadrupole allowed 1Sexciton manifold. The signal is obtained by means of sum‐over‐state formalism and comparing equations of motion for the weakly interacting quadrupole excitons with their analogue of non‐interacting quasiparticles. The dephasing mechanisms include rapid Auger relaxation of biexcitons which allegedly impedes the Bose–Einstein condensation of quadrupole excitons. An interesting effect attributed to the deviation of the quadrupole excitons from theortho–paraexcitons picture is that the positions of the biexciton resonances are defined by the energy splitting between$\Gamma _{5;yz}^{ + } $and$\Gamma _{5;xz}^{ + } $excitons and can be tuned by an external perturbation. Possible quantum computing and lasing applications of the quadrupole induced chirality effects of the excitons and biexcitons, and coherence between exciton/biexciton manifolds are discussed.
Chemical synthesis of ZnO hexagonal thin nanodisks and dye‐sensitized solar cell performance
Authors: Navaneethan M. , Archana J. , Arivanandhan M. , Hayakawa Y.
Published: December 2011

Well defined highly monodispersed single crystalline ZnO hexagonal thin nanodisks have been synthesized by a wet chemical route. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is used as an organic ligand in the chemical synthesis. Ultraviolet near band edge emission is predominant over the defect level emission in these ZnO nanodisks. The ZnO nanodisks have an average diameter of 150 nm and thickness of 40 nm. A dye‐sensitized solar cell is fabricated using ZnO nanodisks by spray pyrolysis deposition and it exhibits an efficiency of 2.63% with the ruthenium sensitizer N719 dye. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)