bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Di(1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorooctyl)‐dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6: A “Light Fluorous” Recyclable Phase Transfer Catalyst.
Authors: Gourdet Benoit , Singh Kuldip , Stuart Alison M. , Vidal Jose A.
Published: February 2011

The title crown ether is shown to be a stable and robust PTC catalyst which can be easily recycled by fluorous solid‐phase extraction.
ChemInform Abstract: “On‐Water” Conjugate Additions of Anilines.
Authors: Phippen Christopher B. W. , Beattie James K. , McErlean Christopher S. P.
Published: February 2011

An operational simple and mild protocol for the “on‐water” (i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Adduct: Synthons for a New Class of Heterocycles.
Authors: Padmaja A. , Payani T. , Muralikrishna A. , Padmavathi V.
Published: February 2011

With a view to obtaining biologically interesting heterocycles, the new class of the heterocyclic compounds (IV), (V), (VII), (IX), and (XI) are prepared by using facile, simple and well established synthetic methods.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Aroylhexanones in the Synthesis of Azoles.
Authors: Mikhailovskii A. G. , Aliev Z. G. , Bazina N. G. , Pantyukhin A. A. , Vakhrin M. I.
Published: February 2011

2‐Aroylhexanones (I) smoothly react with hydrazine, hydroxylamine and o‐phenylenediamine to give indazole (II), benzisoxazole (III) or spiro‐benzimidazole derivatives (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of the Ireland—Claisen Rearrangement of Alkoxy‐ and Aryloxy‐Substituted Allyl Glycinates.
Authors: Tellam James P. , Carbery David R.
Published: February 2011

The title rearrangement of glycinates of type (IV) allows a new and highly stereoselective access to syn‐β‐alkoxy‐α‐amino acid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactivity of Polystyrene‐Supported Iodosylbenzene Sulfate: An Efficient Recyclable Oxidizing System.
Authors: Chen Jiang‐Min , Zeng Xiao‐Mei , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: February 2011

Alcohols, sulfides, and triphenylphoshine are efficiently oxidized.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Two‐Step Synthesis of (Z)‐2‐Halo‐1‐iodoalkenes from Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Chen Zhengwang , Jiang Huanfeng , Li Yibiao , Qi Chaorong
Published: February 2011

The easily accessible haloalkynes (I) are converted to (Z)‐2‐halo‐1‐iodoalkenes (II) in high yields and with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Access to trans‐2‐Substituted Cyclopentylamines.
Authors: Joosten Antoine , Lambert Emilie , Vasse Jean‐Luc , Szymoniak Jan
Published: February 2011

A tandem hydrozirconation/Lewis acid mediated cyclization of butenyl substituted oxazolidines allows the synthesis of the target compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intermolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes with Simple Amines.
Authors: Reznichenko Alexander L. , Nguyen Hiep N. , Hultzsch Kai C.
Published: February 2011

The reaction is studied in the presence of binaphtholate yttrium complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Zeolite Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement of Allyl Aryl Ethers under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Deodhar Deepak K. , Tipnis Amol S. , Samant Shriniwas D.
Published: February 2011

The reaction is carried out under solvent‐free conditions by means of a reusable and cheap catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Fluorination of α‐Chloro‐β‐keto Esters in the Presence of Chiral Nickel Complexes.
Authors: Kang Seung Hee , Kim Dae Young
Published: February 2011

The esters (Ia‐c) and dione (Id) with Selectfluor is promoted by a chiral nickel complex under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Photooxidation of Benzylamide under Visible Light Irradiation with a Combination of 48% aq HBr and Ca(OH)2.
Authors: Tada Norihiro , Ban Kazunori , Yoshida Momoko , Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Miura Tsuyoshi , Itoh Akichika
Published: February 2011

Optimized reaction conditions are developed and the required diacylamines are obtained in the presence of Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Preparation of Fluoroalkylated Sulfilimine and Sulfilimino Iminium Salts.
Authors: Urban Celine , Mace Yohan , Cadoret Frederic , Blazejewski Jean‐Claude , Magnier Emmanuel
Published: February 2011

The preparation of fluoromethyl N‐acyl sulfimides (III) is achieved by reaction of sulfoxide (I) with various nitriles (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Josiphos‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Homodimerization of Ketoketenes.
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad A. , Wei Pei‐Hsun , Harzmann Gero D. , Kerrigan Nessan J.
Published: February 2011

It is found that Josiphos‐type catalysts efficiently promote enantioselective homodimerization of various ketoketenes including o‐substituted arylalkylketenes and dialkylketenes to give highly substituted β‐lactones.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling/Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes with Aryl Halides: An Efficient and General Route for the Synthesis of Functionalized Hexahydroindole and Hexahydrobenzofuran Derivatives.
Authors: Meng Tuan‐jie , Hu Yi‐min , Sun Yong‐jie , Zhu Tao , Wang Shaowu
Published: February 2011

The process allows the direct construction of multiple new carbon—carbon bonds to give the heterocyclic title skeletons with exclusive (E)‐configuration at the side chain.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Diaryl‐1,2‐diones with Homophthalic Anhydride: Efficient Formation of Isobenzofuranone Derivatives.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Paul Rony Rajan , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: February 2011

Homophthalic anhydride (I) undergoes reactions with benzils (II) under neat conditions yielding the isobenzofuranones (III) as a diastereomeric mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydroindole with Functionalized Haloacetylenes on Active Surfaces of Metal Oxides and Salts.
Authors: Sobenina L. N. , Tomilin D. N. , Petrova O. V. , Gulia N. , Osowska K. , Szafert S. , Mikhaleva A. I. , Trofimov B. A.
Published: February 2011

The solvent‐free reaction of tetrahydroindoles (I) with bromoacetylenes (II) in the presence of different oxides and salts is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfur‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 14. New Synthesis of Cyclic Anhydrides of 3‐Sulfinocarboxylic Acids
Authors: Vasil'eva T. P. , Shchetnikov G. T. , Osipov S. N.
Published: February 2011

via cyclization of corresponding 3‐chlorosulfinylalkanoyl chlorides under action of sodium or mercury acetate
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 1,2,4‐Triazole[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles Bearing Pyrazole as Potent Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Reddy Cherkupally Sanjeeva , Rao Lade Sanjeeva , Kumar Gaddam Rajesh , Nagaraj Adki
Published: February 2011

Novel 1,2,4‐triazole[3,4‐b]thiadiazoles (VI) (10 examples) are synthesized and tested for their in vitro activities against certain strains of bacteria and fungi.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active Heterogeneous Palladium Catalyst for the Suzuki Reaction of Heteroaryl Chlorides.
Authors: Jung Ji‐Young , Taher Abu , Hossain Shahin , Jin Myung‐Jong
Published: February 2011

A Fe3O4‐supported catalyst shows excellent activity for the Suzuki coupling reaction in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of 3‐Pyridyl Triflates with Alk‐1‐enyl‐2‐pinacol Boronates.
Authors: Vyvyan James R. , Dell Jennifer A. , Ligon Toby J. , Motanic Kelsey K. , Wall Hayley S.
Published: February 2011

The title reaction proceeds smoothly providing the cross‐coupled products (III) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐2,7,7‐trimethyl‐5‐oxo‐N‐phenyl‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐c arboxamides (IV)
Authors: Gein V. L. , Kazantseva M. I. , Kurbatova A. A. , Vahrin M. I.
Published: February 2011

via a four‐component reaction under solvent‐free conditions
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8‐Amino Derivatives of Condensed Furo[3,2‐d]pyrimidines (IX)
Authors: Sirakanyan S. N. , Paronikyan E. G. , Ghukasyan M. S. , Noravyan A. S.
Published: February 2011

20 examples
ChemInform Abstract: An Intramolecular PIFA‐Mediated Metal‐Free Allylic Oxycarbonylation Reaction and Its Application to the Preparation of Furopyrimidinones.
Authors: Couto Irantzu , Tellitu Imanol , Dominguez Ester
Published: February 2011

The title reaction provides a new and straightforward approach to title compounds of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Isoxazolyl Benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3(4H)‐ones via Smiles Rearrangement.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Reddy M. Nagi , Murthy K. Rama
Published: February 2011

A simple synthesis of biologically interesting compounds is presented from readily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Enokipodins A—D and Cuparene‐1,4‐diol.
Authors: Srikrishna A. , Rao M. Srinivasa
Published: February 2011

The key intermediate (VIII) in the synthesis of enokipodin A (X), B (XI), C (XIII), D (XII) and cuparene‐1,4‐diol (XIV) is prepared via Claisen rearrangement and ring closing metathesis reaction as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Schefflerins A—G, New Triterpene Glucosides from the Leaves of Schefflera arboricola
Authors: Zhao Zhimin , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Otsuka Hideaki , Shinzato Takakazu , Takeda Yoshio , Kawahata Masatoshi , Yamaguchi Kentaro
Published: February 2011

isolation and structure elucidation of six new lupane glucosides as well as the new dammarane glucisode (IV)
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Cyclopentene Derivative and a Polyhydroxylated Steroid from a South China Sea Gorgonian Menella sp.
Authors: Chai Xing‐Yun , Sun Jian‐Fan , Tang Li‐Ying , Yang Xian‐Wen , Li Yun‐Qiu , Huang Hui , Zhou Xue‐Feng , Yang Bin , Liu Yonghong
Published: February 2011

A highly oxygenated racemate with C8 skeleton, menellin A (I), and a polyhydroxylated steroid, menellsteroid C (II) are isolated as along with eight known natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Flavan‐Flavanones from Sarcandra hainanensis.
Authors: Cao Cong‐Mei , Xu Li‐Jia , Peng Yong , Shi Qing‐Wen , Xiao Pei‐Gen
Published: February 2011

Sarcandrones C (Ia) and D (Ib) are isolated as new biflavonoids with flavan‐flavanone skeleton from the EtOH extract of the whole plant.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress on Fabrication of Calcium‐Based Inorganic Biodegradable Nanomaterials
Authors: Ma Ming‐Guo , Zhu Jie‐Fang
Published: February 2011

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Inorganic Materials for Hard Magnetic Media
Authors: Gulyaev Yu. V. , Kalinkin A. N. , Mityagin A. Yu. , Khlopov B. V.
Published: February 2011

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Metal Bonding in Bridging Hydride and Alkyl Compounds
Authors: Parkin Gerard
Published: February 2011

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Noble Metal to Nobel Prize: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions as Key Methods in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Anbarasan Pazhamalai , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2011

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches to the Total Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products: Studies Directed Towards Bryostatins
Authors: Green Anthony P. , Hardy Simon , Lee Alan T. L. , Thomas Eric J.
Published: February 2011

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate Chemistry and Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs): Recent Trends, Opportunities, Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Prasad Virendra , Kale Raju R. , Kumar Vipin , Tiwari Vinod K.
Published: February 2011

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Analysis of Cluster Size Dependent Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: February 2011

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparison of Solvation Ability and Viscosity Effects of Solvents on the Diels—Alder Reaction
Authors: Makitra R. G. , Karpyak N. M. , Midyana G. G. , Pal'chikova E. Ya. , Marshalok G. A.
Published: February 2011

Review: 19 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Are Solid Catalysts Successfully Emulating Enzymes?
Authors: Delmon Bernard
Published: February 2011

Review: 34 refs.
The Medicinal Potential of Promising Marine Macrolides with Anticancer Activity
Authors: Qi Yunkun , Ma Shutao
Published: February 2011

Marine natural products have become a major source of new chemical entities in the discovery of potential anticancer agents that potently suppress various molecular targets. In particular, the marine macrolides, which include an array of novel biomolecules endowed with outstanding cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative activities, are a prominent class of marine natural products that offer continued promise for breakthroughs in anticancer research. Herein we highlight some recent studies of promising marine macrolides, paying particular attention to their discovery, anticancer activities, mechanisms of action, chemical synthesis, and representative analogues.
Carbon Nanotubes as Nanotexturing Agents for High Power Supercapacitors Based on Seaweed Carbons
Authors: Raymundo‐Piñero Encarnación , Cadek Martin , Wachtler Mario , Béguin François
Published: February 2011

The advantages provided by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as backbones for composite supercapacitor electrodes are discussed. This paper particularly highlights the electrochemical properties of carbon composites obtained by pyrolysis of seaweed/CNTs blends. Due to the nanotexturing effect of CNTs, supercapacitors fabricated with electrodes from these composites exhibit enhanced electrochemical performances compared with CNT‐free carbons. The cell resistance is dramatically reduced by the excellent conductivity of CNTs and by the good propagation of ions favored by the presence of opened mesopores. As a consequence, the specific power of supercapacitors based on these nanocomposites is very high. Another advantage related to the presence of CNTs is a better life cycle of the systems. The composite electrodes are resilient during the charge/discharge of capacitors; these are able to perfectly accommodate the dimensional changes appearing in the active material without mechanical damages.
Direct method for quantification of glycidol fatty acid esters in edible oils
Authors: Shiro Hiroki , Kondo Naoki , Kibune Nobuyuki , Masukawa Yoshinori
Published: February 2011

In response to great concerns about glycidol fatty acid esters (GEs), trace contaminants in edible oils which possibly form during refining processes, we previously developed direct methods to quantify GEs using a combination of double SPE and HPLC‐MS. In this study, those quantitative methods were improved to be more rapid without the use of harmful chloroform. To improve the speed, the HPLC‐MS measuring time was reduced from 15 to 5 min by using a step gradient HPLC system, and the evaporation time after the first SPE was shortened from 4 to 1.5 h by changing the solvent used from acetonitrile to methanol. To replace chloroform with other solvents, we adopted tert‐butyl methyl ether/ethyl acetate to dissolve the oils and n‐hexane/ethyl acetate to separate them during the second SPE. The limit of quantification for GE‐in‐oil was 0.082–0.11 µg/g, which is the most sensitive of all existing methods. The recovery values of spiked GEs at concentrations of 1 or 10 µg/g were close to 100%. The levels quantified using an internal standard C17:0‐GE were comparable with those using external standards in four different edible oils tested. This rapid method not using chloroform can be useful as a routine method to quantify GEs in oils.
High‐throughput dielectrophoretic manipulation of bioparticles within fluids through biocompatible three‐dimensional microelectrode array
Authors: Ma Wei , Shi Tielin , Tang Zirong , Liu Shiyuan , Malik Rizwan , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2011

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been deemed as a potential and ideal solution for bioparticle manipulation. A 3‐D carbon micro‐electro‐mechanical system (MEMS) fabricated from the latest developed carbon‐MEMS approach has advantages of offering low‐cost, biocompatible and high‐throughput DEP manipulation for bioparticles. In this paper, a typical process for fabrication of various 3‐D microelectrode configurations was demonstrated; accurate numerical analysis was presented on electric field gradient distribution and DEP force based on various microelectrode array configurations. The effects of electrode edge angle, electrode edge‐to‐edge spacing and electrode height on the electric field distributions were investigated, and optimal design considerations and rules were concluded through analysis of results. The outcomes demonstrate that the sharp edge electrode is more effective in DEP manipulation and both electrode edge‐to‐edge spacing and electrode height are critical design parameters for seeking optimal DEP manipulation. The gradient magnitude increases exponentially as the electrode spacing is reduced and the electric field extends significantly as the electrode height increases, both of which contribute to a higher throughput for DEP manipulation. These findings are consistent with experimental observations in the literature and will provide critical guidelines for optimal design of DEP devices with 3‐D carbon‐MEMS.
One‐year cholesterol lowering treatment reduces medial temporal lobe atrophy and memory decline in stroke‐free elderly with atrial fibrillation: evidence from a parallel group randomized trial
Authors: Tendolkar Indira , Enajat Morteza , Zwiers Marcel P. , van Wingen Guido , de Leeuw Frank‐Erik , van Kuilenburg Janet , Bouwels Leon , Pop Gheorghe , Pop‐Purceleanu Monika
Published: February 2011

Objectives

In elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy and white matter lesions (WML) may account for the cognitive decline. Though a combination therapy of statins with cholesterol lowering agents like ezetimibe may be beneficial in patients with AF, its effects on MTL structure and WML remains unknown.

Methods

A parallel group double‐blinded randomized trial was performed during 1 year whereby elderly stroke‐free AF patients either received placebo or atorvastatin and ezetimibe on top oral anticoagulation therapy. Neuropsychological performance and inflammatory markers in the blood were assessed at baseline and 1 year later together with amygdala and hippocampal volume as well as WML.

Results

Sixty‐three patients were assessed for eligibility, but 29 patients had to be excluded so that 34 patients were randomized to both groups. In the treatment group, the systemic level of inflammation was significantly decreased after 1 year and an improvement in cognitive speed as well as short‐ and long‐term memory was observed. While there was no significant difference in MTL volume at baseline, the placebo group exhibited more atrophy for right amygdala and left hippocampus at follow‐up. Finally, descriptive data showed a slight decline of WML volume in the treatment group.

Conclusions

In spite of limitations due to small sample size, our data suggest that intensive cholesterol lowering therapy in AF patients may slow cognitive decline and atrophy of the MTL. Though these results have to be replicated in a larger sample, they offer potential for future interventions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced allergy and immunoglobulin E among adults with intracranial meningioma compared to controls
Authors: Wiemels Joseph L. , Wrensch Margaret , Sison Jennette D. , Zhou Mi , Bondy Melissa , Calvocoressi Lisa , Black Peter M. , Yu Herbert , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Claus Elizabeth B.
Published: February 2011

Meningioma, the most frequent tumor in the central nervous system, has few recognized risk factors. We explored the role of allergies in a population‐based case–control consortium study of meningioma in five geographic areas. We also studied serum levels of a marker of atopic allergy (IgE) in a subset of study participants, a first for a study on meningioma. Participants (N = 1,065) with surgically resected, pathologically confirmed meningioma and controls (N = 634) selected via random‐digit dialing were recruited and interviewed. Cases were less likely than controls to report history of physician‐diagnosed allergy [odds ratio (OR) = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.51–0.80]. Also, cases (N = 295) had lower total serum IgE than controls [N = 192; OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75–0.98 for each unit of Ln(IgE)]. Similar to glioma and cancers at several other sites, meningioma appears to have an inverse relationship with history of allergies and a biomarker of atopic allergy. As some common opposing predisposition or developmental processes for allergy and meningioma may exist, further research into immune processes that can affect the incidence and natural history of meningioma is warranted.
Design and synthesis of Raman reporter molecules for tissue imaging by immuno‐SERS microscopy
Authors: Schütz Max , Müller Christian I. , Salehi Mohammad , Lambert Christoph , Schlücker Sebastian
Published: February 2011

The design and synthesis of Raman reporter molecules comprising olefin or alkyne moieties with strong and characteristic vibrational Raman bands is presented. Chemisorption onto the surface of colloidal Au/Ag shells yields a self‐assembled monolayer. Hydrophilic stabilization of such SERS labels can be achieved by short terminal ethylene glycol units attached to the Raman reporter. Encapsulation by silica with subsequent functionalization of the glass surface allows the conjugation to biomolecules such as antibodies. We demonstrate the use of SERS‐labeled antibodies for tissue imaging of the tumor suppressor p63 in prostate biopsies. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isolation and characterization of Rhodococcus sp. NB5 capable of degrading a high concentration of nitrobenzene
Authors: Lin Hui , Chen Xue‐jiao , Ding Hai‐tao , Jia Xiao‐ming , Zhao Yu‐hua
Published: February 2011

An efficient nitrobenzene degrading bacterium strain NB5, which was able to utilize nitrobenzene as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy under aerobic condition, was isolated from activated sludge in an oil refinery at Hangzhou, China. Based on phenotypic features, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and G + C content analysis, strain NB5 was identified as Rhodococcus sp. NB5. Nitrobenzene degradation experiments using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) showed that strain NB5 could tolerate a high nitrobenzene concentration and completely degrade nitrobenzene with initial concentration ranging from 100 mg · l–1 to 1000 mg · l–1 within 144 h. The optimal degradation and cell growth were observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0. The addition of second nitrogen source (0.1%) such as urea, peptone, yeast extract and beef extract generally enhanced degradation of nitrobenzene. Rhodococcus sp. strain NB5 could be an excellent candidate for biotreatment of industrial wastewater containing high concentration of nitrobenzene. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of biofilms in different clinical M serotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Thenmozhi Ramalingam , Balaji Kannan , Kumar Rajesh , Rao Toleti Subba , Pandian Shunmugiah Karutha
Published: February 2011

Streptococcus pyogenes is a notorious human pathogen responsible for a wide array of infections. The ability of S. pyogenes to form biofilms is an innate property during the pathogenesis of invasive infections. From the eleven M serotypes tested: M56, M74, M100, M65, M89 and st38 formed dense biofilms in 48 h. The present study is the first of its kind to report about the biofilm formation in the serotypes M56, M65 M74 M100 and st38. XTT reduction assay of the biofilms showed decreased metabolic activity with increase in incubation time. The surface architecture of the biofilms when observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the microcolony formation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to compare the surface topography and thickness of biofilms between the biofilm formers with and without the addition of glucose. Interestingly a non‐biofilm former (st2147) was induced to form biofilms with the addition of glucose. On correlating the drug (erythromycin) resistance of the various M serotypes with their biofilm forming ability we noticed that erythromycin sensitive strains were found to be good biofilm formers. We also noticed that biofilm formation in S. pyogenes is independent of sil gene. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Expression and characterization of a second L‐amino acid deaminase isolated from Proteus mirabilis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Baek Jin‐Oh , Seo Jeong‐Woo , Kwon Ohsuk , Seong Su‐Il , Kim Ik‐Hwan , Kim Chul Ho
Published: February 2011

L‐amino acid deaminases catalyze the deamination of natural L‐amino acids. Two types of L‐amino acid deaminase have been identified in Proteus species. One exhibits high levels of activity toward a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic L‐amino acids, typically L‐phenylalanine, whereas the other acts on a relatively narrow range of basic L‐amino acids, typically L‐histidine. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and characterized a second amino acid deaminase, termed Pm1, from P. mirabilis KCTC 2566. Homology alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence of Pm1 demonstrated that the greatest similarity (96%) was with the L‐amino acid deaminase (LAD) of P. vulgaris, and that homology with Pma was relatively low (72%). Also, similar to LAD, Pm1 was most active on L‐histidine, indicating that Pm1 belongs to the second type of amino acid deaminase. In agreement with this conclusion, the Vmax and Km values of Pm1 were 119.7 (μg phenylpyruvic acid/mg/min) and 31.55 mM phenylalanine, respectively, values lower than those of Pma. The Pml deaminase will be very useful industrially in the preparation of commercially valuable materials including urocanic acid and α ‐oxoglutarate. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hexavalent chromium sorption by biomass of chromium tolerant Pythium sp.
Authors: Kavita B. , Limbachia Jayeshree , Keharia Haresh
Published: February 2011

The removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by live and pretreated fungal biomass of Pythium sp was investigated in a batch mode. The influence of biomass dose, solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, temperature and pretreatment of biomass on biosorption efficiency was studied. The acid pretreated biomass adsorbed 1.7 times more hexavalent chromium in comparison to untreated biomass. The chromium removal rate increased with decrease in pH and increase in Cr(VI) concentration, biomass dose and temperature. The adsorption data was described well by Freundlich isotherm model. Evaluation of biosorption mechanism using infrared spectroscopy showed the involvement of positively charged amino groups in Cr(VI) biosorption. The biosorption of Cr(VI) by Pythium sp. followed second order kinetics, the biosorption process was found to be spontaneous and endothermic with high affinity of biomass for Cr(VI). (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The relationship between carotenoids and sunlight response in members of the family Micrococcaceae
Authors: Pezzoni Magdalena , Costa Cristina S. , Pizarro Ramón A. , Oppezzo Oscar J.
Published: February 2011

The aim of this study was to compare the photoprotective effect of carotenoids in phylogentically related bacteria, which synthesize structurally different pigments. Two organisms were isolated from the same environment. Their 16S rDNA sequences and phenotypic characteristics identified them as members of the family Micrococcaceae. Reverse phase HPLC and absorption spectroscopy revealed that one of them, designated RMB40, synthesized 3 carotenoids with 9 conjugated double bonds, whilst the other, designated RMB42, synthesized a single and more hydrophobic pigment carrying 11 conjugated double bonds. Survival curves were obtained during sunlight exposure for both organisms and for carotenoid deficient mutants derived from them. Increased sunlight sensitivity was found in the carotenoidless mutant derived from RMB42. In contrast, pigment depletion had no appreciable effect on the sunlight response of RMB40. It is concluded that the structure of bacterial carotenoid probably exert an important influence on the effectiveness of these compounds to provide photoprotection in vivo. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evidence for a chromosomally determined mesenterocin, a bacteriocin produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides OZ
Authors: Osmanagaoglu Ozlem , Kiran Fadime
Published: February 2011

Mesenterocin, a small anti‐listerial peptide of 3.5 kDa produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides OZ at the end of exponential growth was inactivated by proteolytic enymes, stable to cold storage (4 °C for 3 d), heat, organic solvents and surfactants, and exhibited maximum bactericidal mode of activity in the pH range 3 to 10. Although Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides OZ harboured plasmids ranging in size from 3.6 to 9.7 kbp, no evidence was obtained indicating that mesenterocin was under the control of extrachromosomal plasmids because loss of bacteriocin production following plasmid curing experiments could not be correlated with plasmid loss and the lack of detectable plasmids suggested a chromosomal location for the genetic determinants of mesenterocin. To determine its chromosomal location, genetic determinants of the bacteriocin of Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides OZ were tested with previously described bacteriocins of the Leuconostocs through PCR and results of PCR indicated that the gene for mesenterocin activity is located on the chromosome. No papers have been published, to the best of our knowledge, on chromosomal location of bacteriocin of Leuconostoc species. Association of meat spoilage with bacteriocin producing heterofermentative Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides OZ is also suggested. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chloride‐associated adaptive response in aerobic methylotrophic dichloromethane‐utilising bacteria
Authors: Torgonskaya Maria L. , Doronina Nina V. , Hourcade Edith , Trotsenko Yuri A. , Vuilleumier Stéphane
Published: February 2011

Aerobic methylotrophic bacteria able to grow with dichloromethane (DCM) as the sole carbon and energy source possess a specific glutathione S‐transferase, DCM dehalogenase, which transforms DCM to formaldehyde, used for biomass and energy production, and hydrochloric acid, which is excreted. Evidence is presented for chloride‐specific responses for three DCM‐degrading bacteria, Methylobacterium extorquens DM4, Methylopila helvetica DM6 and Albibacter methylovorans DM10. Chloride release into the medium was inhibited by sodium azide and m ‐chlorophenylhydrazone, suggesting an energy‐dependent process. In contrast, only nigericin affected chloride excretion in Mb. extorquens DM4 and Mp. helvetica DM6, while valinomycin had the same effect in A. methylovorans DM10 only. Chloride ions stimulated DCM‐dependent induction of DCM dehalogenase expression for Mp. helvetica DM6 and A. methylovorans DM10, and shortened the time for onset of chloride release into the medium. Striking chloride‐containing structures were observed by electron microscopy and X‐ray microanalysis on the cell surface of Mp. helvetica DM6 and A. methylovorans DM10 during growth with DCM, and with methanol in medium supplemented with sodium chloride. Taken together, these data suggest the existence of both general and specific chloride‐associated adaptations in aerobic DCM‐degrading bacteria. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Establishment of a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model for Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Durai Sellegounder , Pandian Shunmugiah Karutha , Balamurugan Krishnaswamy
Published: February 2011

Vibrio alginolyticus, a common bacterium in the marine environment, is a threat to marine animals and humans by causing serious infections. The present study reveals the establishment of a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model for Vibrio alginolyticus. The infection and colonization was localized in the animal by tagging V. alginolyticus with GFP and using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Chemotactic response of C. elegans to V. alginolyticus, pharyngeal distention and blockage of vulval region leading to internal hatching were analyzed. The time required for causing infection, and the bacterial loads in the intestine of C. elegans were determined. Regulation of innate immune related genes, lys‐7, clec‐60 and clec‐87, were also analyzed using real time PCR. The pathogen infected animals appeared to ward‐off infection by up‐regulating the candidate antimicrobial gene(s) for few hours, before succumbing to the pathogen. For the first time, the pathogenicity of V. alginolyticus at both physiological and molecular level has been studied in detail using the model organism C. elegans. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of a new molecular detection method for Taylorella equigenitalis
Authors: Tazumi Akihiro , Hirayama Junichi , Hayashi Kyohei , Petry Sandrine , Moore John E. , Millar B. Cherie , Matsuda Motoo
Published: February 2011

On PCR amplification of the intervening sequences (IVSs) in the central (helix 45) region within 23S rRNA gene sequences with T. equigenitalis (n = 34), as well as T. asinigenitalis (n = 35) and Bordetella (n = 11) isolates by using the primer pair of f‐/r‐23STis2, approximately 0.8 kb of the amplicons were generated, sequenced and analyzed. One IVS of approximately 70 bp in length was identified in all the Taylorella organisms but not Bordetella. PCR amplification was further developed for the convenient and rapid molecular detection of T. equigenitalis organisms with the IVS in the helix 45 region within the 23S rRNA genes as target by using the primer pairs (f‐IVSde/r‐23de). Thus, these results clearly demonstrated that PCR amplification with the primer pair (f‐IVSde/r‐23de) can be reliable in order to differentiate the T. equigenitalis isolates from both the T. asinigenitalis and Bordetella organisms. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Schisandrin enhances dendrite outgrowth and synaptogenesis in primary cultured hippocampal neurons
Authors: Yang Shih‐Hung , Jeng Chung‐Jiuan , Chen Chien‐Hsing , Chen Ying , Chen Yung‐Chia , Wang Seu‐Mei
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND: Schisandra chinensis, commonly used in Asia for tea material and traditional Chinese medicine, is presumed to enhance mental and intellectual functions. In this study, the effects and signalling mechanisms of a purified compound schisandrin, one of the lignan of Schisandra chinensis, on primary cultured hippocampal neurons were investigated.

RESULTS: Schisandrin treatment enhanced total dendritic length and branching complexity, both of which were significantly suppressed in the presence of specific blockers for calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (CaMKII), protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε), and mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK). Moreover, schisandrin induced calcium influx, and phosphorylation of CaMKII, PKCε, and MEK. Inhibition of CAMKII and PKCε attenuated the schisandrin‐induced phosphorylation of PKCε and MEK, and the phosphorylation of MEK, respectively. Moreover, schisandrin also stimulated the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP responsive‐element binding protein (CREB) at Ser‐133, an effect that was blocked by KN93. In addition to its neuritogenic effects, schisandrin increased the numbers of postsynaptic density‐95‐positive and FM1‐43‐positive puncta in dendrites and synaptic boutons, respectively.

CONCLUSION: In hippocampal neurons, schisandrin exhibits neurotrophic properties that are mediated by the CaMKII‐PKCε‐MEK pathway. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Studies on the antioxygenic activity of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and its fractions using various in vitro models
Authors: Padmashree Ananthan , Sharma Gopal K , Semwal Anil D , Bawa Amarinder S
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxygenic activity of bitter gourd pulp and seed powders as well as their various solvent extracts using different methods and to minimise the oxidative deterioration of lipids by natural antioxidants.

RESULTS: Bitter gourd pulp and seed powders at 20 g kg−1 and their ethanol/water extracts exhibited stronger antioxygenic activity than other solvent extracts. Bitter gourd pulp and its extracts showed slightly higher antioxygenic activity than bitter gourd seed and its extracts. This may be attributed to the presence of higher amounts of phenolics and flavonoids, which have been reported as potential antioxidants. The seed portion of bitter gourd contained higher levels of total protein (188.3 g kg−1), total fat (238.9 g kg−1) and crude fibre (350.2 g kg−1) than the pulp portion. Fatty acid analysis of bitter gourd seed oil indicated the presence of α‐eleostearic acid, an isomer of conjugated linolenic acid, as a major fatty acid, but this acid was absent in the pulp.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirmed the presence of antioxygenic compounds in both bitter gourd pulp and seed. In particular, their ethanol/water extracts showed great potential as natural antioxidants to inhibit lipid peroxidation in foods. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Femtosecond laser microstructuring: an enabling tool for optofluidic lab‐on‐chips
Authors: Osellame R. , Hoekstra H.J.W.M. , Cerullo G. , Pollnau M.
Published: February 2011

This paper provides an overview of the rather new field concerning the applications of femtosecond laser microstructuring of glass to optofluidics. Femtosecond lasers have recently emerged as a powerful microfabrication tool due to their unique characteristics. On the one hand, they enable to induce a permanent refractive index increase, in a micrometer‐sized volume of the material, allowing single‐step, three‐dimensional fabrication of optical waveguides. On the other hand, femtosecond‐laser irradiation of fused silica followed by chemical etching enables the manufacturing of directly buried microfluidic channels. This opens the intriguing possibility of using a single laser system for the fabrication and three‐dimensional integration of optofluidic devices. This paper will review the state of the art of femtosecond laser fabrication of optical waveguides and microfluidic channels, as well as their integration for high sensitivity detection of biomolecules and for cell manipulation.
Autotelic need for touch, haptics, and persuasion: The role of involvement
Authors: Peck Joann , Johnson Jennifer Wiggins
Published: February 2011

Previous research has shown that a touch or haptic element attached to a persuasive appeal can increase persuasion, particularly for individuals who have a clear preference for touch to enjoy its sensory feedback (high autotelics). This research extends previous work by including involvement in the context of an appeal by a nonprofit. We find, in an experiment where we manipulate involvement, that when a haptic element is present, high autotelics are more persuaded regardless of their involvement with the message. However, for low autotelics, a haptic element increases persuasion under conditions of low versus high involvement with the message. A second experiment measures involvement and finds that again, under low involvement conditions, both high and low autotelics are persuaded by a touch element. Finally, a field study with a local symphony orchestra is conducted in which involvement with the message is low but involvement with the company is high. In this case, a touch element is only persuasive for high autotelics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of the Morphology Exhibited by Linear Segmented Polyurethanes
Authors: Pereira Iaci Miranda , Oréfice Rodrigo Lambert
Published: February 2011

Five series of segmented polyurethanes with different hard segment content were prepared by the prepolymer mixing method. The nano‐morphology of the obtained polyurethanes and their microphase separation were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Although highly hydrogen bonded segments were formed, high hard segment contents led to the presence of elevated degree of phase mixture and reduced the chain mobility, decreasing the hard domain precipitation and the soft segment crystallization. The applied techniques were able to show that the hard‐segment content and the hard‐segment interactions were the two controlling factors for determining the structure of segmented polyurethanes.
Synthesis and Chemical Characterization of a Polymeric Prodrug for Prolonged Release of Nitrofurazone
Authors: dos Santos Kátia S.C.R. , Matos Jivaldo R. , Ferreira Elizabeth I.
Published: February 2011

Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide obtained from partial or total deacetylation of chitin, is a linear copolymer composed of β(1→4) linked N‐acetyl glucosamine and glucosamine monomer residues. Owing to its biological properties (such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, antimicrobial activity and haemostatic effect) chitosan has been widely exploited in the pharmaceutical industry to produce tablets, gels, nanoparticles and films. The aim of this study was to develop a polymeric prodrug for prolonged drug release of nitrofurazone (NF) on the skin, with chitosan as the carrier. The drug is conjugated to chitosan by means of ester bonds and the cleavage of these bonds by non‐specific cutaneous esterases provides the prolonged release of NF. This prodrug could be formulated in films or gels to accelerate wound healing, by acting as a physical barrier that prevents both loss of natural skin humidity and secondary microbial contamination, as well as to treat skin injuries caused by microorganisms susceptible to NF, whose antimicrobial spectrum is added to that of chitosan.
Copper Hexacyanoferrate Formation on the Modified Silica Surface with DAB‐Am‐16 Dendrimer
Authors: Carmo Devaney R. do , Gabriel Suelino , Bicalho Urquisa O. , Picon Carlos A. , Paim Leonardo L.
Published: February 2011

The third generation (G‐3) polypropylenimine hexadecaamine dendrimer (DAB‐Am‐16) was grafted onto the silica gel surface. The modified silica interacts easily with Cu2+ and then with potassium ferrocyanide to form copper hexacyanoferrate. The modified silica was characterized by the following techniques: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), FTIR spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and Cyclic Voltammetry. The modified silica containing copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCFSD) was tested for a voltammetric determination of nitrite using a modified graphite paste electrode.
Synthesis of Polyurethane from Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and Poly(p‐dioxanone): Molar Mass Reduction via Sodium Borohydrate
Authors: Bergamaschi Jonathan Melo , Pilau Eduardo Jorge , Gozzo Fábio Cesar , Felisberti Maria Isabel
Published: February 2011

Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) PHB and poly(p‐dioxanone) PPD are examples of promising polymers in tissue engineering. The purpose of this work is to synthesize polyurethanes which combine stereoregular and rigid blocks of PHB with stereoregular and flexible blocks of PPD. In order to guarantee stereoregularity, polyols from PHB and PPD were obtained from mass reduction via sodium borohydrate. This route allows us to obtain bifuncional polyols. The polymer molar mass reduction using this strategy was effective, however secondary and non reactive products with diisocyanate like insaturated acid were formed as shown by mass spectroscopy data. The products of mass reduction were characterized by H1 NMR, FT‐IR, DSC and MALDI‐TOF/MS. The PU's were synthesized reacting the polyols with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and they were characterized by FT‐IR, H1 NMR, DSC and XRD.The PU obtained from PHB and PPD polyols presents two crystalline phases, corresponding to both polyester blocks. The introduction of flexible segments of PPD in polyurethane, affected the characteristics of crystalline phase formation of PHB, increasing the melting point of this block in comparison with the pure PHB polyol, probably by increasing the crystallization rate.
Study of Microwave Absorbing Properties of Polyaniline/STF Conducting Composites Prepared by in Situ Polymerization
Authors: Schettini Anderson R. A. , Soares Bluma G.
Published: February 2011

Conducting composites of polyaniline doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PAni‐DBSA) and poly(styrene‐b‐styrene‐butadiene‐b‐styrene) (STF) as supporting matrix were prepared by in situ synthesis. The influence of composition and thickness on the electromagnetic properties and shielding effectiveness (SE) of the materials was evaluated using a microwave network analyzer and a standard rectangular waveguide from 8.2–12.4 GHz (X–band). It was found that the composition 49/51 exhibited the best SE and the higher values of reflected power (PR), ε′, ε″ and ε*. The compositions 12/88 and 17/83 presented the higher values of transmitted power (PT) and absorbed power (PA), respectively. The composition 25/75 presented the higher value of tan δ. The thickness of 5× showed the best SE and higher value of PR. The higher value of transmitted power (PT) was obtained for thickness of 1×. The values of PA were similar for all thicknesses. The thickness of 1x showed the higher values of ε′, ε″, ε* and tan δ.
Production of XNBR/PMMA through in Situ Polymerization
Authors: Rezende Carolina Guedes Fioravante , Caetano Skarllet Toledo , de Almeida André , de Oliveira Paulo Jansen
Published: February 2011

In this work, acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber / poly(methyl methacrylate) (XNBR/PMMA) blends were obtained through in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer in XNBR rubber particles. Firstly, the XNBR rubber was swollen with MMA and then the polymerization was carried out in an aqueous medium, keeping the rubber particles in suspension. The results of the swelling tests indicated that mass transfer of MMA to rubber particles is more efficient in aqueous system. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses revealed the presence of PMMA in the XNBR phase. Thermo‐gravimetrical (TG) analyses indicated that as much as 10% of PMMA was present in the blends. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed that PMMA was dispersed in the XNBR phase, indicating the efficiency of the MMA polymerization inside the XNBR rubber particles.
Characterization of Electrolyte Polyester Membranes for Application in PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Fiuza Raildo A. , Santos Irani V. , Fiuza Raigenis P. , José Nadia M. , Boaventura Jaime Soares
Published: February 2011

One of the factors that limits the lifetime of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is the chemical stability of the polymeric membrane electrolyte operating at cell conditions. This work studies the thermal stability of a novel family of electrolyte membranes for use in fuel cells. The membranes were prepared by two different methods: Firstly, the MEB series were prepared by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to the resin obtained from the polymerization of terephthalic and adipic acid with glycerol. Secondly, the MP series were prepared from the polymerization of maleic acid and glycerol, phosphotungstic acid (PWA) was afterwards added to this material. The composites were processed in a reactor and shaped by hot pressing, yielding homogeneous and flexible slabs with an excellent surface finish. The materials were characterized by Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning‐electron microscopy (SEM), and electric conductivity measurements. The developed materials showed good properties as electrolytes for PEM fuel cells operating at temperatures above 100 °C.
Wie Reach die Produktion verändert
Authors: Geldsetzer Felix O.
Published: February 2011

In Deutschland existiert kein einheitliches Anlagenrecht, das die menschliche Gesundheit und die Umwelt vor Emissionen aus Industrieanlagen schützt. Stattdessen sind die stoffbezogenen Vorschriften auf das Chemikalien‐, Immissionsschutz‐, Wasser‐ und Abfallrecht verteilt. Wie wirken sich die neuesten EU‐Verordnungen bei Industrieanlagen aus?
Hybride aus DNA, Proteinen und Kolloiden
Authors: Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: February 2011

Neuartige halbsynthetische Hybride entstehen aus Molekülen biologischen und synthetischen Ursprungs. Das Ziel der Forschung sind Funktionseinheiten für Anwendungen in der Sensorik, Katalyse und Materialwissenschaft.