bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Penafsiran Kontemporer: Kajian Epistemologis terhadap al-Tafsîr al-Wasîț li-al-Qur’ân al-Karîm
Authors: Sufyan Muttaqin  , Cecep Alba  , Sansan Ziaul Haq
Published: August 2024

Tafsir in the contemporary era is required to be able to present the instructions of the Qur'an dynamically in order to answer the challenges of the times. In order to fulfill this need, quite a few contemporary commentators have tried to compose their interpretations with a style, approach and method that are different from classical interpretations. Al-Tafsi>r al-Wasi>t} li-al-Qur'a>n al-Kari>mby Muh}ammad Sayyid T{ant}a>wi>is one of the tafsi>r works written to meet this need. This article does not agree with the view that considers contemporary tafsir as a genre of interpretation that has its own epistemological distinction, but supports the opinion that understands contemporary tafsir openly as tafsir works written in the present with its various genres. Using qualitative methods and an interpretive approach, this article shows that al-Tafsi>r al-Wasi>t}is a contemporary commentary of the Qur’a>n written to respond to various problems in today's life. Its tafsir epistemology is based on three main principles, those are presenting the exegesis in an easy way to understand; integration between narrated tradition  and reason; and orientation towards solving contemporary problems. Even though it relies on traditional tafsir methodology, this tafsir is relatively capable of presenting flexibleinterpretations related to certain contemporary issues, without negating commonly agreed principles (al-qat}‘iyya>t).
Role of Gender in Health and Disease
Authors: Schiebinger Londa
Published: August 2024

Sex and gender are distinct terms that must be used correctly. Data regarding sex and gender may be collected using a 2-step method that separates biological sex and self-reported gender identity. The PhenX Toolkit, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is one tool that provides investigators with recommended standard data-collection protocols. Another tool is the Diversity Minimal Item Set questionnaire. Importantly, sex and gender interact: for example, pain has both biological aspects (sex differences in electrical, ischemic, thermal, pressure, and muscle pain sensitivity) and cultural aspects (gender factors in how people report pain and how physicians understand and treat pain in patients). Gender norms, identity, and relations all impact patient care. Gender norms, for instance, may influence how a person experiences pain, gender identity may influence a person’s willingness to report pain, and gender relations may influence a physician’s gendered expectations in relation to a patient’s gendered behaviors. Clinicians may perceive women’s pain to be psychological; as a result, women may receive more nonspecific diagnoses, wait longer for treatment, and receive more antidepressants and fewer analgesics than men. Research on gender-diverse people and pain is just now emerging. Resources for methods of reporting include The Lancet, Nature, and the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) Guidelines. We must consider all relevant factors intersecting with sex and gender, including age, disabilities, educational background, ethnicity, family configuration, geographic location, race, sexuality, social and economic status, sustainability, and more.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN SIKAP KERJASAMA SISWA KELAS IX MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Ghufron Makhrus , Maunah Binti
Published: August 2024

Pembelajaran dalam kelas IX terutama pada pembelajaran IPS seperti halnya pembelajaran yang dirasa membosankan bagi siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif Numberd Head Togeteher untuk meningkatkan sikap kerja sama siswa kelas IX di MTs Miftaahul Uluum Sutojayan Blitar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yaitu observasi, wawancara serta dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif Numbered Head Together kelas IX di MTs Miftaahul Uluum Sutojayan Blitar efektif siswa menjadi lebih aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dan meningkat dalam kerja sama dengan siswa lain, siswa menjadi lebih senang dalam pembelajaran, siswa menjadi lebih paham akan tujuan pembelajaran, siswa menjadi lebih tekun dalam belajar.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK TERHADAP MANAJEMEN WAKTU BELAJAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL DI KELAS IX SMPN 1 RAMBIPUJI
Authors: Prasetya Rizqy Oktania , Rahman Muhammad Eka
Published: August 2024

Kemajuan teknologi dan pengetahuan buatan manusia dengan segala kecanggihan yang dipunyai yaitu media sosial Tiktok. Pendidikan tidak lepas dari penggunaan media sosial Tiktok sebagai fasilitator dalam pelaksanaan proses belajar mengajar. Keberhasilan suatu pendidikan dapat diketahui dari manajemen waktu belajar.Fokus penelitian ini ialah: 1).Adakah pengaruh penggunaan media sosial Tiktok terhadap terhadap manajemen waktu belajar ilmu pengetahuan sosial siswa kelas IX di SMP Negeri 1 Rambipuji Jember tahun pelajaran 2023/2024.Tujuan penelitian ini ialah: 1.Mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media sosial tiktok terhadap manajemen waktu belajar pada pembelajaran ilmu pengetahuan sosial di kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Rambipuji 2023/2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian Ex Post Facto yang dilakukan di SMP Negeri 1 Rambipuji. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Populasi peneliti seluruh siswa kelas IX yang berjumlah 62. Teknik sampling menggunakan jenis Simple Random Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: tidak terjadi pengaruh yang signifikan antara media sosial tiktok manajemen waktu belajar terhadap pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial di kelas IX SMPN 1 Rambipuji. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari nilai siginifikansi sebesar sig<0,108>0,05, yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh media sosial tiktok manajemen waktu belajar stuterhadap pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial di kelas IX SMPN 1 Rambipuji sebesar 6 %. Sedangkan 94 % lainya berasal dari faktor lain yang tidak tercantum dalam penelitian ini.
Kata kunci: Hasil Belajar, Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Metode Active Learning Tipe True or False
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PAIKEM PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS TERPADU
Authors: Maulana Aan Alif , Nastiti Mufidah
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pergaulan teman sebaya terhadap minat belajar IPS siswa kelas VII di SMPN 2 Jetis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kauntitaif dengan jenis ex-post facto. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu angket dan dokumentasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMPN 2 Jetis sejumlah 60 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan sejumlah 60 siswa karena penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh yakni seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Analisis data menggunakan uji prasyarat yang terdiri dari uji normalitas dan uji linearitas serta uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana menggunakan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai P-value (0,002) < α (0,05). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pengujian hipotesis, perhitungan menunjukkan H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Jadi, dari perhitungan di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signikan dari pergaulan teman sebaya terhadap minat belajar IPS siswa kelas VII di SMPN 2 Jetis. Adapun nilai Rsquare sebesar 0,151. Nilai tersebut menggambarkan bahwa variabel pergaulan teman sebaya berpengaruh sebesar 15,1% terhadap minat belajar IPS siswa sedangkan 84,9% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dijelaskan lebih lanjut pada penelitian ini.
Monetizing Low-Moderate Enthalpy Geothermal Reservoirs: Lessons Learned
Authors: Roundtree R. , Burke B. , Sedillos L.
Published: August 2024

Physicists Richard Thomson, James Joule, and William Rankine theorized thermodynamic heat engines to transform thermal energy into mechanical work in the 1840s and 1850s (Smith, 1977). Tabor and Bronicki (e.g., 1964) developed organic Rankine cycle (ORC) engines and opened the market for the use of ORC engines in heat waste power generation. ORC engines use a refrigerant with a boiling point below that of water to generate electricity for waste heat down to 65°C. Power generation at temperatures in the 65°-150°C range is of specific interest to well owners in sedimentary basins, particularly those in oil and gas where wells access similar reservoir temperatures (Johnson et al., 2020). Paired with geofluid flow rates that provide adequate thermal mass for power generation, the concept of geothermal power generation coproduced alongside oil and gas has been modeled and tested in several locations across the United States (e.g., ElectraTherm, 2012; Gosnold et al., 2017; Akhmadullin, 2017).

This paper discusses the role of geothermal energy in our future energy mix and specifically how ORC's have enabled lower temperature resources to be used for electricity generation. This paper discusses the results of the first phase of feasibility from a pilot project at the Blackburn oil and gas field in northeast Nevada. The location and history of the Blackburn field also prefaces the specific challenges and opportunities examined by the project in examining thermal energy loss throughout the geofluid gathering system and in optimizing the process flow of the fluids at the central facility to maximize power generation from both load and cumulative energy standpoints. The pilot project resulted in several important learnings throughout the duration of this pilot project preparing the way. While the growth of geothermal energy will undoubtedly accelerate, several important economic considerations are presented herein and some successful strategies to overcome some of these hurdles discussed. The confluence of evolving technologies in the ORC space as well as utilizing some of the lessons of a highly optimized drilling process from the oil and gas industry in the geothermal space will likely drive a pretty steep reduction in the cost curve for new geothermal projects. In the meantime, prudently utilizing existing operations, whether in the secondary recovery of mature oil fields or in the new lithium mining space, allows geothermal projects to leverage much of the early investment in infrastructure as well as collapse the geothermal permitting process delay associated with new projects.
A Comprehensive Study on the Impacts of CO2 and H2 Storage on Well Cement Integrity
Authors: Abed A. B. , Galvis-Silva H. , Elsayed T. , Samouei H. , Liu K. , Okoroafor E. R.
Published: August 2024

The interactions between hydrogen and carbon dioxide (CO2) with wellbore cement are not fully understood, raising concerns about cement degradation during carbon capture and storage (CCS) and underground hydrogen storage (UHS). This study examines the geochemical, petrophysical, and geomechanical properties of cement before and after exposure to hydrogen and CO2. Cement samples were saturated in brine of 30000 ppm and exposed to the gases at 500 psi and 50°C for 30 days.

Hydrogen exposure led to a 50% increase in brownmillerite, a 70% decrease in ettringite, and a reduction in porosity and permeability by 2% and 40%. Compressive strength and Young's modulus increased by 35% and 6%. CO2 exposure caused the formation of calcite (8.7% of the composition) and complete alite depletion, reducing porosity and permeability by 98% and 87%. Compressive strength and Young's modulus rose by 126% and 161%.

This study is the first to comprehensively compare cement properties before and after hydrogen and CO2 exposure under the same conditions. The findings suggest hydrogen and CO2 do not weaken cement strength and can even heal fractures, reducing fluid losses.
Application of Boosting Machine Learning for Mud Loss Prediction During Drilling Operations
Authors: Okai M. I. , Ogolo O. , Nzerem P. , Ibrahim K. S.
Published: August 2024

Lost circulation during drilling operations is a persistent challenge in the oil and gas industry, leading to significant financial losses and increased non-productive time. The common use of lost circulation materials (LCMs) in drilling fluids helps mitigate mud loss only to an extent. However, predicting the extent of mud loss before drilling specific formations would greatly benefit engineers. This study aims to predict mud loss using advanced boosting machine learning frameworks, addressing the need for more accurate forecasting tools. We evaluated three ensemble boosting algorithms—Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)—and compared them to Random Forest, a baseline bagging algorithm. Utilizing a dataset of over 7,000 data points with 27 features from drilling operations in Well MXY at the Utah FORGE field, we found that XGBoost and Random Forest were the most accurate models, with R2 scores of 0.935 and 0.934, respectively. These results indicate that while XGBoost is the top-performing framework, Random Forest remains a robust and reliable method for predicting lost circulation, providing valuable insights for drilling engineers.
Prediction of Equivalent Circulation Density of Drilling Fluids Using Machine Learning
Authors: Adegoke T. M. , Adeleye J. O. , Morakinyo A. M.
Published: August 2024

This study demonstrates a reliable approach, integrating comprehensive statistical analysis, correlation evaluation, and the use of Machine Learning (ML) models to predict drilling fluids’ Equivalent Circulation Density (ECD). By utilizing a dataset from drilling operations, encompassing parameters such as formation depth, mud weight, viscosity, flow rate, revolutions per minute (RPM), weight on bit, total flow area (TFA), and ECD, we uncovered inverse linear relationships between ECD and both flow rate and TFA, while other relationships were positive. The ML models, particularly the Random Forest Regressor and XGB Regressor, showcased robust performance in predicting ECD. The feature importance analysis underscored key variables influencing ECD calculation, providing reliable insights to enhance drilling techniques and safety measures.
Ultrasound Assisted Surfactant Nanofluid Oil Recovery from Contaminated Oily Sludge
Authors: Manikumar Y. , Panis N. I. , Ridzuan N. , Gbonhinbor J. , Umunnawuike C. , Agi A.
Published: August 2024

In many nations, oily sludge is considered hazardous waste. Conventional techniques of treating oily sludge indicate that desorption of the oily sludge is inhibited by asphaltenes. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to generate useful hydrogen radicals via cavitation effect to terminate asphaltene macromolecules. In this study, surfactant was extracted from Acacia auriculiformis (AU) and synthesized into nanoparticles. The properties of Acacia auriculiformis surfactant nanoparticles (ASNP) were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particles size analysis. The interfacial properties of the AU surfactant nanofluid (ASNF) at the interface oil-water was investigated via DCAT 9 data physics tensiometer. Thereafter, the impact of ultrasound-assisted ASNF on the wettability of the oil sludge was determined using a drop shape analyser. Subsequently, the effect of ASNF on ultrasound oil recovery from contaminated oily sludge was investigated. The synthesis method was efficacious in producing ASNP with a size range of 66-298 nm. Likewise, the FTIR showed that the chemical structure of ASNP was not modified during the synthesis process. Furthermore, the ASNF was effective in lowering the interfacial tension of the oil-water interface from 18 mN/m to 1.97 mN/m. Besides, ASNF recovered 79% oil and altered wettability from oil-wet to water-wet. These results suggest that ASNP has the potential for application in oilfields to recover oil from contaminated oily sludge. Moreover, the ASNP can find usefulness as a corrosion inhibitor, emulsifier, viscosifier, drilling fluid additive and drilling mud thinner.
Navigating the Future: A Numerical Study of Natural Polymers and CO2 in Offshore Applications
Authors: Abbas A. H. , Zhuniskenov Y. , Serikov G. , Nyah F. , Ridzuan N. , Gbonhinbor J. , Agi A.
Published: August 2024

While water alternating gas (WAG) injection is a prevalent technique in enhanced oil recovery, it faces significant challenges in heterogeneous and high permeability reservoirs. The primary issue is the rapid gas breakthrough and poor sweep efficiency due to gas segregation in the upper sections of the reservoir, leaving lower areas unswept. To address these limitations, this paper explores a novel method of applying polymer-WAG (PWAG) flooding, to augment the sweep efficiency of traditional WAG processes. A key feature of PWAG is the continuous injection of polymer-enhanced water throughout the WAG cycle. Our study focuses on evaluating the impact of various natural polymers on water enhancement during the WAG cycle in heterogeneous reservoir environments. The findings indicate a notable performance improvement, with an increase in efficiency ranging from 6-10% when using the proposed natural polymers. This research provides insights into the viability of natural polymers in optimizing WAG processes, offering a promising avenue for more effective oil recovery in challenging reservoir conditions.
Proven, Probable, Possible, and Contingent Natural Gas Reserves: A Concise and Holistic Review of Major Critical Developmental Steps
Authors: Tirimisiyu Adeniyi Adekunle , Igbafe Anselm Iuebego
Published: August 2024

Petroleum Motor Spirit, PMS, product subsidy removal in Nigeria has led to a significant increase in commodity prices in the market. Other African countries, notably South Africa and Senegal, have faced and are still facing energy deficit-related crises. Some causes of energy-related problems in Africa included dysfunctional refineries in Nigeria, inadequate energy planning for economic growth, social advancement in South Africa, and exponential population growth. Despite all these energy-related problems, gas flaring persists in Africa. To solve the energy problems as identified, investigations were carried out on the suitability of leveraging natural gas as a lasting solution. Natural gas as a clean energy source gained additional prominence in 1973 in response to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC, grips on oil production and quota system. That is, PMS subsidy removal should also put more pressure on natural gas. So, proven, probable, possible, and contingent natural gas reserves and resources should be properly examined. By proven gross reserves-to-production ratio, it will take Africa 88 years to deplete, second to the Middle East with 100 years. The probable, possible, and contingent resources, combined have higher capacity. The formation, transportation, and accumulation of natural gas in sedimentary basins take millions of geologic years, is nonrenewable, and cannot be found everywhere. Whenever found, they are categorized. Several mathematical models such as the Duong method, Logistic Growth Model, Stretched Exponential Decline, Power Law Exponential Decline, Modified Hyperbolic decline, material balance, and modified Arps’ decline model were developed to model unconventional and conventional natural gas reservoirs. The available technologies with all the mathematical model simulations, coupled with an enabling environment, are enough to meet African energy demands from both unconventional and conventional natural gas reservoirs.
Synthesis of Novel Salt-Resistant and High-Temperature Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle for Rheology, Lubricity, Surface Tension, and Filtration Property Modifications of Water-Based Drilling Mud
Authors: Oseh J. O. , Norddin M. N. A. M. , Duru U. I. , Ngouangna E. N. , Ridzuan N. , Ismail I. , Gbadamosi A. O. , Yahya M. N. , Igwilo K. U. , Okoli N. , Gbonhinbor J. , Agi A.
Published: August 2024

Optimal additives are often needed to improve the performance of water-based muds (WBMs) in tough drilling conditions like deep water reservoirs, salty formations, and high-temperature wells. The efficiency and contribution of nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancing the performance of WBMs in these tough drilling conditions have been continuously demonstrated in recent applications. Nevertheless, the use of NPs in drilling fluids is still very new, and their higher specific surface energy frequently compromises their stability within the fluid system. This has resulted in a decline in drilling performance and outputs, highlighting the importance of using well-dispersed and stabilized additives in drilling fluids. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nanoHAp) were therefore designed in situ through the chemical precipitation technique with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to improve the lubricity, rheology, and filtration properties of WBM. It was also developed to reduce surface tension, resist calcium chloride (CaCl2) contamination, and improve the drilling of high-temperature wells. NanoHAp in various amounts (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 wt.%) were added to conventional WBM, BN-WBM (bentonite-water solution), and BN/Ca (bentonite solution contaminated with CaCl2) at 25, 150, 180, and 210 °C. The results showed that nanoHAp exhibits excellent thermal stability. At 210 °C and 1021 s−1 shear rate, its concentrations of 0.1–0.5 wt.% increased the viscosity by 42.4–122% over the reference sample at 30 mPa-s. Under the same conditions, they decreased the fluid loss from 44.6 mL to 10.9–21.8 mL. They also served as friction and surface tension agents, improving the lubricity by 7.8–47.5% from 0.295 and reducing the surface tension by 5.1-29% from 59 dyne/cm3 at 25°C. In salt resistance tests, the BN/Ca solution had an excessive viscosity and fluid loss of 155.4 mPa-s and 192 mL, respectively, at 210 °C; however, nanoHAp reduced the viscosity to 50 mPa-s by 67.8% and the fluid loss by 59% to 79 mL. This study highlights the positive impact of nanoHAp on the fluid properties of drilling mud, particularly under CaCl2 contamination and high temperature conditions.
A Novel Approach to Shale Stability Enhancement in Drilling Fluid Using Nano-Crystalline Hydroxyapatite Treated with Anionic Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate
Authors: Oseh J. O. , Norddin M. N. A. M. , Duru U. I. , Ridzuan N. , Oguamah I. A. , Okoli N. , Ngouangna E. N. , Ismail I. , Gbadamosi A. O. , Yahya M. N. , Gbonhinbor J. , Agi A.
Published: August 2024

Unstable wellbore often occurs in water-sensitive shale formations during drilling, leading to longer drilling times and higher costs. This problem has been addressed by using various shale stabilizers for water-based muds (WBMs) such as polymers, salts like potassium chloride (KCl), and nanoparticles (NPs) in practical applications. The strong clay attraction to water, inhibitor hydrophilicity, reservoir heterogeneity, and shale's unique pore size collectively hinder the complete stabilization of shale inhibitors. This work discusses the effects of WBM with sodium dodecyl sulphate-treated nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHAp/SDS) on shale stabilization through various tests, including a linear swelling test, a hot-rolling dispersion test, and a capillary suction time (CST) test. The rheology and filtration properties of nHAp/SDS treatment fluids that had 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.% were also examined. All the nHAp/SDS findings were compared with those of nanosilica and KCl-WBM. The plastic viscosity of the KCl-WBM was enhanced by 20–90% with increasing concentrations of nHAp/SDS and by 10–70% with nanosilica compared with the KCl-WBM at 10 cP. When compared with nanosilica, nHAp/SDS demonstrated a greater enhancement in the fluid loss control efficiency of KCl-WBM. The fluid loss was reduced to 6.4–3.1 mL from 7.9 mL, with nanosilica decreasing it to 7.3–4.6 mL. The rates of shale plug height swelling decreased in this order: 10.1% for KCl-WBM, 8.4-6.1% for nanosilica, and 7.5–4.1% for nHAp/SDS. This suggests that nHAp/SDS is a better inhibitor. The results from the CST test show that nanosilica and KCl absorbed more water and had higher CST values than nHAp/SDS. In addition, the hot-rolling test indicates that nHAp/SDS creates rough layers on the shale surface and reduces the shale-water interaction. nHAp/SDS had a higher recovery rate of 89.8% when it was used at 120 °C compared to nanosilica and KCl-WBM, which had recovery rates of 76.6% and 52.1%, respectively. nHAp/SDS consistently outperformed KCl-WBM and nanosilica in all test conditions. The research indicates that nHAp/SDS shows promise in drilling shale-rich wells and improving wellbore stability.
Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Silver Catfish from Escravos Estuary, Nigeria
Authors: Ekperusi Abraham O. , Michael Amaka , Chukwurah Henrietta C. , Sunday Naomi M. , Asiwa David O.
Published: August 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important components of crude oil that require regular monitoring due to their interaction with the environment, biota and humans. There has been a growing literature on the impact of PAHs on the flora and fauna from both freshwater and coastal ecosystems in the Niger Delta region. However, studies on the potential health risks associated with consuming seafood contaminated with hydrocarbons are limited. In this study, we investigated the tissue distribution and the potential human health risk associated with PAHs in silver catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus collected from the Escravos estuary, a major oil and gas processing zone in Nigeria. Varying concentrations of PAH congeners were reported in the tissues of silver catfish with the highest level reported in the liver compared to the gills and the rest of the fish. Fluorene (36.62%), naphthalene (22.62%)) and anthracene (15.19%) were the dominant congeners in fish tissues. The values of PAHs especially carcinogenic congeners were higher than the maximum permissible limits for fishery products which indicate potential concern for public health, but the estimated daily intake for adults and children was below the reference dose values for selected PAH congeners, while the hazard ratio was less than 1. Increasing industrial activities and poor regulation could lead to possible long-term human health risks from the consumption of seafood exposed to PAHs from the estuary. There is a need for the regular monitoring of domestic and industrial effluents entering the estuary to mitigate potential impact on seafood and human health.
Artisanal Refinery Operations and Sustainable Development in South East Region of Nigeria
Authors: Oruwari Humphrey Otombosoba , Obunwa Queen , Ahuchogu Joe , Ayuba Salihu
Published: August 2024

This work examines the operations of small-scale Artisanal refineries in oil producing communities of South East Nigeria. The unregulated and illicit activities of artisanal refineries have hindered sustainable development in the state estate region of Nigeria which further complicates the prevailing poor living standard of the communities, and their sufferings as a result of petroleum exploration/production activities by indigenous youth. The key objective of the study is to examine the impact of Small scale Artisanal refinery operation and sustainable development of South East Region of Nigeria. Using literature review and empirical evidence it was revealed that these illicit artisanal refineries operations have negatively impacted the sustainable development agenda of host oil communities and the most impacted communities are Ohaji, Egbema, Oguta, Uzuaku, Obuzor Asa, Umuorie, Owaza, Obibo, Umuokwor, and Imo River communities. This study highlighted the need for an immediate stop to the spillage, continuous damage to the ecology and remediation of oil-impacted soil, farmland and other means of livelihood in the host oil communities, the urgent termination of crude theft, vandalism, violence, bribery, corruption, social vices, and pollution The study recommends a follow up on the environmental sensitive index (ESI) mapping of all areas affected by the operation of illegal oil refiners, and mostly to rehabilitate and remodel their operations by reorientation, monitoring, regulation, technical support, adoption of modern technology and approval/licence to operate as modular refinery facilities by way of merger, government support and within global best global practices.
Gravel Pack Completion Using Autonomous Inflow Control Device Screens: A Solution to Water and Sand Control in Unconsolidated Sandstones Reservoirs
Authors: Djouli L. , Deniga B. , Guerrero X. , Igbokwe O. , Djinguereng M. , Beldongar M.
Published: August 2024

Several horizontal openhole wells completed with gravel pack completions offshore Gabon have experienced early water breakthrough, few months after completions. Curtailing water production is a key objective of the operators while it is important to effectively control sand production. A combination of standard screens (SS) and autonomous inflow control devices (AICD) screens were used along with gravel pack to address both the sand and water production concerns.

Production modeling was carried out to establish the benefit of using AICDs in the field. Given the high viscosity contrast between the formation water and oil, the cyclonic Autonomous Inflow Control Device (type: AICD 2N) was selected for the application. The desired choking effect of AICD screens hinders the ability to completely pack the well, therefore detailed modeling was used as an attempt to identify the zones at which water was expected to breakthrough and more control was required Modeling results indicated that water was expected to breakthrough in the middle section of the drain. With this water production profile in mind, additional modeling was done using AICD screens solely across this section to control water breakthrough while OHGP SS were used in the other sections of the horizontal. With this optimized screen configuration, gravel pack modeling demonstrated that high pack efficiency was achievable.

Two wells with 8.5-in. horizontal openhole sections were completed using a combination of OHGP SS and AICD screens with the alpha/beta gravel packing technique, resulting in complete packing using this optimized bottomhole assembly. The standard screen placed at the heel, in the casing section, provided a flow path enabling packing the AICD screen without substantial rise in the bottomhole pressure. To date, the two wells completed have been in production for more than one year and are yet to experience water breakthrough after completion.

This paper will detail the challenges to design and successfully execute this operation.
The Imperative of Workflow Automation in Unlocking Data Science Business Value in Nigeria's Oil and Gas Industry Midstream and Downstream
Authors: Aderibigbe A. O. , Obayemi K. , Sina-Olulana O , Anaekwe E.
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the importance of workflow automation in unlocking the business value of data science in Nigeria's oil and gas industry, specifically in the midstream and downstream sectors. It provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of data science and workflow automation in the industry and presents a case study to demonstrate the benefits of implementing these technologies. The paper also proposes a framework for achieving better outcomes on data science projects and offers recommendations for leveraging workflow automation to enhance and deliver optimal value creation through data science.
Understanding the Gas Value Chain in Nigeria as Envisaged by PIA 2021 for Economic Growth
Authors: Nwankwo O. K. , Lawal A. O. , Ringim A. U. , Basaka H. A.
Published: August 2024

The primary objective of the Petroleum Industry Act 2021 (PIA) is to address operational and regulatory deficiencies present in the Petroleum Act of 1969, which had been in effect for over 50 years. This is achieved through the establishment of a robust midstream operation regulated by the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA), aimed at developing Nigeria's extensive gas resources estimated at 206 trillion standard cubic feet (TSCF) as of 2018. This paper focuses on investigating and reviewing the historical growth in Nigeria's gas processing and utilization capacity, examining how the newly introduced natural gas value chain, as outlined in the PIA licensing regime, will contribute to further advancing the country's gas resources. The research reveals that more than 70 companies hold gas processing licenses, collectively possessing a processing capacity of approximately 7 billion standard cubic feet per day (BSCFD). Additionally, more than 100 companies operate as gas utilization entities on the gas transportation network. Furthermore, the study underscores that separating role between producers and suppliers, established through mandatory custody transfer from upstream production to midstream operations, will facilitate the development of gas resources and ensure a guaranteed availability of gas going forward. The paper highlights the positive impact of the unbundling of the licensing system across the value chain, fiscal incentives in the midstream sector, and the implementation of various value addition programs. These measures are identified as crucial elements that will create opportunities for increased investment and participation, ultimately enhancing gas utilization within the country and contributing to the economic growth of Nigeria.
Integration of 4D Monitor to Enhance Reservoir Management: A Case Study of Egina Field
Authors: Udoinyang Erinyanga , Amoyedo Sunday , Omolewa Daniel , Imeokparia Yetunde , Torrez-Perez Maria-Fernanda , Atoyebi Haraya , Barrault Philippe
Published: August 2024

The Egina field is one of the most recent deepwater assets in Nigeria. The Field was discovered in 2003 and production commenced in December 2018. The production plateau of 203 KBOPD was reached in May 2019. Egina field, which is TotalEnergies’ second operated deepwater asset in Nigeria, located in water depths of about 1500m, is composed of highly faulted turbiditic reservoir units. It lies within the transition zone between the extensional and compressional regime of the Nigerian deep-water basin.

This paper presents the integration of time lapse (4D) seismic monitoring to enhance reservoir management of Egina field, with a focus on the application and challenges of the seismic monitoring.

Egina 4D M1 Ocean bottom Nodes (OBN) seismic data, which was acquired in October 2021, provided valuable insights into the reservoir dynamics including injected & aquifer water movement, pressure evolution in the vicinity of water injectors and depletion patterns around producers. The 4D seismic data has been used as a static model validation tool, critical input for history match process in several reservoir units, support for well intervention program, optimization of well placement and completion, and the evaluation of infill drilling opportunities.

Specifically, we share the successful application of 4D seismic for the identification and screening of well intervention candidates, identification of focus intervals for stimulation (Pseudo-PLT) and the result of the recent 4D guided drilling campaign. Furthermore, we also present the challenges and limitations associated with the applicability of the data.
Carbon Capture Optimisation for a Greener Tomorrow Using a Proxy Model-Driven Numerical Simulation
Authors: Mensah A. O. , Osei. H. , Lartey P. K.
Published: August 2024

As the urgency to combat climate change grows, the role of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions becomes increasingly pivotal for a more sustainable oil industry. However, the entrapment of CO2 in depleted reservoirs faces a significant challenge—cap rock integrity failure leading to CO2 leakages into surrounding aquifers. Previous studies have predominantly focused on CO2 storage modeling, neglecting optimization strategies that reduce leakage risks and how such optimization may impact storage performance. Consequently, limited knowledge exists on rock property sensitivity to cap rock leakage. This study centres on coupling flow-geomechanics simulation with proxy modeling to optimize CO2 storage and minimize leakage. A reservoir slab with varying permeability was modelled to investigate the efficiency of structural, stratigraphic, and residual trapping mechanisms. Incorporating a structural trapping mechanism alone resulted in 19.84% of CO2 entrapment. However, residual trapping contributed to 78.71% and solubility trapping led to 60.98% entrapment. The Barton-Bandis model was utilized to simulate cap rock integrity failure a sensitivity analysis was conducted. From this analysis, CO2 leakage through cap rock is mostly influenced by fracture-effective stress. Hence, there is a need to always monitor injection pressure since it can increase stress. The presence of a cap rock is integral to preventing the migration of captured CO2.
Net Environmental Benefit Analysis: A Strategic Framework for Effective Oil Spill Incidents Management in the Niger Delta
Authors: Agbadiba Isioma , Appah Dulu , Ugwoha Ejikeme , Patricks-E Chinemerem
Published: August 2024

Nigeria depends on crude oil as major sources of energy and revenue, and this has contributed to her foreign reserve and gross domestic products due to the long value chain. Regrettably, the country which has a rich ecosystem has been described as one of the most polluted regions globally due to incessant oil spill incidents. Stakeholders have not been able to address how best to manage oil spill incidents to minimize the impacts on host communities and the country at large. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze how the application of the Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) framework will enhance oil spill incident emergency management so as to minimize the impact especially on the coastal region of the Niger Delta. A cross-sectional descriptive research design approach was adopted, and the instruments for primary data collection were online questionnaire, semi-structured interview and checklist. A purposeful sampling which applied the inclusive and exclusive criteria was adopted to determine the study population. The research revealed the low level of awareness and application of the NEBA framework by operators in the Niger Delta. The research also revealed the relevance and benefits of the NEBA process in managing oil spill incident emergency management. An improved and robust NEBA framework was developed to enhance the net environmental benefits, improved safety to oil spill responders, enhance strategic cost-benefit analysis and tradeoffs. The need to increase awareness and training on the application of the NEBA framework to enhance the effectiveness of oil spill emergency response, review and adoption of international best practices in managing oil spills and collaboration between stakeholders were some of the recommendations made in this study. It is obvious that if the recommendations made are adopted by operators of crude oil and gas facilities, it would enhance safe and sustainable exploration, production, transportation of crude oil in the Niger Delta.
Assessing the Viability and Impact of Off Grid Systems for Sustainable Electrification of Rural Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Utoh Imo-Obong , Ekpotu Wilson , Obialor Martin
Published: August 2024

The deployment of hybrid solar minigrid is crucial for the sustainability of urban and rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa, as it enables decentralization from the main power hubs. Solar Mini grids have been successfully utilized in urban areas, resulting in a 45% improvement in electrification across key sectors and industries. However, these systems face significant challenges in deployment, utilization, and sustainability within many rural communities. This challenge has led to a 35% drop in energy access within these regions, which has resulted in dire consequences for the local population, increasing poverty. Minigrids has emerged as a promising solution to address energy access issues in rural areas. In 2019, solar power produced 41 GWh of electricity, making up 0.13% of the country's total electricity generation with a small percentage allocated to rural communities. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the viability of off-grid solar systems for electricity generation in rural areas in sub-Saharan Africa. The research objectives are focused on evaluating the impacts of mini-grid, assessing their sustainability, and exploring their roles in sub-Saharan African rural communities where electricity supply is insufficient, analyzing specific research gaps, challenges in the adoption of mini-grids, capital intensiveness, land utilization costs, and break-even periods using techno-economic analysis as a key methodology. The methodology of the paper involves comparing mini-grid sustainability in urban and rural communities and then developing unique models and optimal local designs that can be replicated and implemented across these communities. Furthermore, the research results focus on specific factors limiting the adoption of mini-grid systems which include adopting metrics such as the economic viability of solar energy projects, the regulatory and policy landscape, and technical obstacles, and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE).
Crude Oil Bulk Flow Strategy to Manage Emission Abatement and Gas Flaring – An Adafill Eastern Asset Success Story
Authors: Balogun Bayo , Adigu Idarasit , Adeleke Oluseyi , Bosini Oghenevwogaga , Wordu Emmanuel , Usiagu Gloria , Onyeme Chinedu , Ewuzie Victor Okahia
Published: August 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions primarily result from releasing various gases into the Earth's atmosphere during oil and gas extraction, production, and distribution. These emissions significantly contribute to global warming and climate change. The main greenhouse gases emitted by this sector include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases are released through leaks, venting, incomplete combustion, intentional releases, and notably, gas flaring from facilities lacking Associated Gas Gathering (AGG) solutions.

Given the significant contribution of the oil and gas industry to greenhouse gas emissions, it is crucial to identify and implement effective management and reduction techniques. This paper focuses on identifying specific abatement technique tailored for the oil and gas sector, evaluating their effectiveness and feasibility, and identifying potential challenges in implementing them to combat climate change and ensure a sustainable future. The ADAFILL Eastern Asset is a pseudo-name for an existing major operator of a joint venture in Nigeria and has implemented bulk flow management strategies in the context of crude oil extraction and processing to manage and reduce emissions and gas flaring. This paper provides an overview of the assets, examining their current infrastructure, processes, and environmental performance. It also delves into the implementation of emission abatement measures, evaluates their results and impact, and provides recommendations for further improvements. This paper highlights the importance of addressing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing flare gas in the oil and gas industries. It presents the crude oil bulk flow approach as a proven solution, which effectively captures, recovers, and utilizes gases that would otherwise be flared or vented into the atmosphere. By implementing bulk flow systems, the Eastern Asset of ADAFILL has significantly reduced its environmental impact, conserved resources, and contributed to a more sustainable future by adopting this low-cost solution for facilities without Associated Gas Gathering infrastructure.
An Outlook into Recent Advances on Unitized Field Management in Nigeria
Authors: Umar Adamu Ibrahim , Ibrahim Muhammad Karamba , Fadeyi Ayoola Idris
Published: August 2024

The management of unitized oil and gas fields in Nigeria represents a dynamic and complex approach to resource development and production optimization. This paper provides an overview of the unitization strategy implemented in a notable field within the Nigerian oil and gas sector.

The unitized field, which spans multiple licensed areas, necessitates a collaborative and coordinated effort among stakeholders to optimize resource recovery and operational efficiency. The unitization process involves the integration of contiguous fields under a unified management framework, streamlining operations and maximizing the economic potential of the hydrocarbon reserves. Key aspects of the unitization strategy include equitable reservoir drainage, shared infrastructure, and joint decision-making processes among the operators of the respective licensed areas. The establishment of a unitization agreement serves as the foundation for this collaborative approach, defining the rights and responsibilities of each participating entity.

This paper presents 10 case studies. The primary focus is on the synthesis of challenges, solutions, impacts, and environmental considerations associated with the unitization of oil and gas fields. The case studies highlight different scenarios and geographical regions, offering a comparative view of the methodologies and outcomes of unitization agreements. The challenges identified include legal and regulatory hurdles, operational inefficiencies, and stakeholder disagreements. Solutions proposed involve strategic collaboration, regulatory reforms, and technological advancements. The impact of successful unitization is evident in improved resource management, enhanced production efficiency, and economic benefits. Environmental considerations are also discussed, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and compliance with environmental regulations. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights and recommendations for optimizing unitization processes in the oil and gas industry.

Equitable reservoir drainage is a fundamental principle of unitization, ensuring that each licensed area receives a fair share of hydrocarbons from the common reservoir. This requires sophisticated reservoir engineering techniques and well management to optimize production rates and enhance ultimate recovery. The utilization of shared infrastructure, such as pipelines and processing facilities, promotes cost efficiency and reduces environmental impact. The unitized field benefits from economies of scale, as shared facilities can be designed and operated to accommodate the combined production from multiple licensed areas.