bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of Dolichandrone falcata's Aerial Parts Via α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibition
Authors: K V Mahendra , S Anitha , K Eapen Sini
Published: January 2025

Background Dolichandrone falcata Seem has been traditionally used by the healers of India for the treatshyment of piles and diabetes.Aims and objectives The main objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the anti-diabetic potenshytial of ethyl acetate EtAc methanol MeOH and aqueous Aq leaf and bark extracts of the plant D. falcata via the inhibition of alpha-Amylase and alpha-Glucosidase.Methods The extracts were obtained by successive solvent extraction of leaf and bark using ethyl acetate methanol and water following which the extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening showing the presence of various phytoconstituents. alpha- Amylase and alpha-Glucosidase are one of the key enzymes in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia. Anti-diabetic potential of the extracts was determined at 100 200 400 and 1600 mugmL concentrations for alpha-Amylase and 20 40 60 and 80 mugmL for alpha-Glucosidase along with the standard Acarbose.Results While all the extracts showed inhibition of alpha-Amylase and alpha-Glucosidase the aqueous extract of bark DF B ndash Aq showed the maximum inhibitory effect and showed the least IC75 alpha-Amylase amp IC50 alpha-Glucosidase values at 764.09 mugmL and 44.97 mugmL respectively. High performance thin-layer chromashytography HPTLC profiling and Rutin estimation of all the six extracts was carried out.Conclusion DF L - EtAc showed the highest Rutin of 37.3 18.65 mug. DF B - Aq that exhibited the maxshyimum alpha-Amylase and alpha-Glucosidase inhibition showed a Rutin of 21.24 10.62 mug.nbsp
Risk as an element of the national security system
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Ostrovskikh Zh. V. , Rozhkova A. K. ,   Baikal State University
Published: January 2025

The article examines the phenomenon of risk in modern Russian legislation and a transforming society through its essential features: uncertainty of the future and decision-making in the present in the absence of sufficient information about possible adverse consequences. The authors believe that risks can be considered one of the basic elements of the Russian national security system. At the same time, risk, as a concept, must be distinguished from similar phenomena, including threats, dangers, and challenges. The author analyzes the current regulations: federal laws and Decrees of the President of Russia (strategic planning documents in the field of legal support for national security) in the context of identifying risk as a separate category. A classification of risks is proposed as the most important element in the national security system of the Russian Federation.
The criminal legislation of Russia and the republic of Kazakhstan on responsibility for recruitment into terrorist and extremist organizations: a comparative legal aspect
Authors:   University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, Prokhorenko E. S.
Published: January 2025

This article compares the criminal legislation of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of promoting terrorist and extremist activities. The methodological basis of the study is a comparative legal method used to compare the criminal law characteristics of the provisions providing for criminal liability for recruitment into terrorist and extremist organizations in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The object of the study is public relations regulating responsibility for recruitment activities in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. A comparison of the legislations of the two countries makes it possible to identify the positive and negative aspects of the norms providing for responsibility for recruitment into extremist and terrorist organizations. Based on the results of the comparison, it is proposed to amend the current Russian legislation in order to improve the application of norms, including alternative actions of the subjective side, in practice. The changes will contribute to reducing the significant number of errors regularly made by the courts. With a complex presentation of the norm in the criminal law, the law enforcement officer often makes mistakes due to subjective interpretation. In this case, it is recommended to exclude the facts of a different understanding of one norm by each law enforcement officer by improving the norms of criminal law on the example of more successful use and application of criminal law by other countries, which will contribute to a significant improvement in the quality of decisions made by the courts following the decision.
The constitutional model of Russian statehood: advantages, disadvantages, ways of development
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Grudinin N. S.
Published: January 2025

The key features of the modern constitutional model of development of the Russian statehood are considered in the context of both advantages and disadvantages of the established foundations of the constitutional system of Russia. It is argued that the Constitution of 1993 continues to successfully fulfill its functions, ensuring stability, dynamism and originality of development of the whole system of state legal relations in the country, as well as civil peace and harmony. It is emphasized that at present the adoption of a new Constitution of the Russian Federation would be a premature step, which is objectively unconditioned and capable of disrupting the achieved socio-political balance, stability and continuity. It is noted that the Constitution and the sovereign Russian statehood should develop evolutionarily through constitutionalization of institutions that can ensure the development of a democratic state under the rule of law. It is proposed to focus on the creation of reliable constitutional and legal guarantees for the development of the party system and the activities of the political opposition, strengthening federal relations and local self-government, stimulating local civic initiative and the formation of a national patriotic idea capable of uniting the entire society for the further successful development of the country. The thesis of consistent improvement of the system of separation of powers, constitutional and legal specification of the status and responsibility of the President of the Russian Federation, allocation in separate constitutional chapters of the procedure for the functioning of the prosecutor’s office and the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, as well as the bodies of electoral power. The idea of the necessity to unite on a strong and original constitutional basis of the whole society for further successful development of the country and its future prosperity is carried out.
On the formation of the territories of the first municipalities in the Irkutsk region (for the 30th anniversary)
Authors:   Baikal State University, Praskova S. V.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the process of formation of the first municipalities in the Irkutsk region in the period from 1995 to 1998. It is noted that at that time, federal legislation provided the subjects of the Russian Federation with considerable discretion in determining the territorial basis of local self-government. Any system of municipalities was allowed with minimum fixed requirements for their territory. The main factors that influenced the decision of the Irkutsk region on the formation of municipal territories are highlighted: 1) the actual territories of local communities; 2) the political situation related to the election of the second-convocation members of representative bodies at the regional and municipal levels; 3) the position of local authorities. In fact, 37 municipalities were created at the level of districts and cities of regional subordination. The author comes to the conclusion that there was a choice between the model of single-level municipalities or the preservation of a two-level system of territories of local communities. The choice of the district-city model in official documents is motivated by the fact that at the beginning of the second municipal reform in Russia, only these territories of local communities had their own elected authorities, budget and property. At the level of the territories of the district subordination, there were only elected heads of local administrations, there were no other attributes of a municipality. However, the author believes that an equally important reason for this decision was the complexity of work for regional authorities with a large number of municipalities. In conclusion, it is stated that at that stage the question of any qualitative revision of the actually existing boundaries of local government territories was not raised. The territories of the first municipalities of the Irkutsk region received their consolidation within the boundaries of administrative-territorial units of the Soviet period.
Assessment of some quantitative and qualitative indicators of crimes related to giving and receiving bribes and other types of illegal remuneration
Authors:   Irkutsk Law Institute (branch) of the University of Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, Nikonov P. V.
Published: January 2025

Statistical indicators of crimes related to giving and receiving bribes and other types of illegal remuneration are analyzed. Their positive dynamics has been determined, which demonstrates a general trend towards an increase in quantitative values. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease the total number of corruption-related crimes, the reason for which is explained by an increase in accounting and registration discipline. Trend lines have been identified, indicating a multidirectional dynamics of corruption-related crimes and crimes related to giving and receiving bribes and other types of illegal remuneration. An increasing trend of crimes related to giving and receiving bribes and other types of illegal remuneration in the general structure of corruption crimes, which prevail in the structure of corruption-related crimes, has been identified. It is noted that most of the registered corruption-related crimes are cases of bribery, which form the “core” of the studied group of crimes. The results of the analysis of statistical data are summarized, which clearly demonstrate the stable position of crimes of this type in the general structure of corruption-related crimes and the insufficient effectiveness of the efforts undertaken by the state to counteract their commission.
Identity Shifts of Content Area Teachers in the Early Stages of English as Second Language Professional Development Program
Authors: De Leon Jorkeno , Byrd David , Alexander Melina , Vakil Shernavaz , Evans Taylor , Bostick Aubrey
Published: January 2025

Teachers’ professional identities are continuously being shaped by new knowledge gained through continued coursework and professional development (PD). Traditionally, PD programs and coursework tend to focus on assets such as knowledge or competencies but forego helping students answer questions about their professional identity. This study examines the professional identity development of content-area teachers earning an English as a Second Language endorsement in an online PD program. Using thematic analysis to analyze reflective writings, the researchers examine the identity development of these teachers. Even with the short duration of the PD, changes in professional identity occurred. Shifts included participants’ views on appropriate methods and instructional strategies in the ELL classrooms, their contextual understanding to support ELLs based on their teaching experience and pedagogical approaches, and their overall perception about the social constructs ELLs are experiencing. The change allowed the participants to increase their effectiveness in working with ELLs.
Relation Between the First Zagreb and Greatest Common Divisor Degree Energies of Commuting Graph for Dihedral Groups
Authors: Romdhini Mamika Ujianita , Nawawi Athirah
Published: January 2025

The commuting graph for a finite group G, ΓG, has a set of vertices G \ Z(G), where Z(G) is the center of G, and vp,vq ∈ G \ Z(G) in which vp ≠ vq , are adjacent whenever vpvq = vqvp. The entries of the first Zagreb matrix (Z1) of ΓG are either the summation of the degrees of two adjacent vertices, or zero for non-adjacent vertices and also for the diagonal entries. Meanwhile, the entries of the greatest common divisor degree matrix (GCDD) of ΓG are the greatest common divisor of the degrees of two adjacent vertices and zero otherwise. The Z1-energy is determined by the sum of absolute eigenvalues of the corresponding Z1-matrix, whereas GCDD-energy is the sum of absolute eigenvalues of the GCDD-matrix. In this study, we find the spectral radius and the energies of ΓG for dihedral groups of order 2n, D2n, associated with Z1- and GCDD-matrices. It is found that Z1-energy is equal to twice GCDD-energy, whereas GCDD-energy is similar to maximum and minimum degree energies that were reported earlier in previous literature.
Stability of Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Using Acalypha indica L. Plant Extract as Bioreductor and Their Potential as Anticancer Agents Against T47D Cells
Authors: Madaniyah Luailik , Fiddaroini Saidun , Hayati Elok Kamilah , Rahman Moh. Farid , Sabarudin Akhmad
Published: January 2025

This work investigates the anticancer potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against T47D cells as well as the stability of AgNPs manufactured using extract from Acalypha indica L. used as a bioreductant. The plant extract was used to produce and stabilize AgNPs, and stability was tracked for 30 days using UV-Vis spectroscopy and Particle Size Analysis (PSA), which included evaluations of extended sun exposure. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the size and shape of the nanoparticles, and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to determine which functional groups were responsible for stabilization. Despite a gradual size increase, the AgNPs remained stable throughout the study period. The MTT assay confirmed their potent cytotoxicity against T47D cells, underscoring the potential of Acalypha indica-derived AgNPs as stable and effective agents for cancer therapy, offering a promising alternative for novel anticancer treatments.
Development and Validation of the RP-HPLC Method for Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Determination in Nasal Chitosan Microsphere Preparations
Authors: Desnita Rise , Noviana Eka , Zai Khadijah , Sulaiman Teuku Nanda Saifullah
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this work was to provide a robust, sensitive, accurate, and straightforward analytical method for measuring dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) in chitosan microspheres preparedn using the spray drying method. DSP was quantitatively analyzed using RP-HPLC with an ultraviolet detector at 254 nm, a mobile phase that contained a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (50:50) operating isocratically at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and a stationary phase that was a C18 PrincetonSPHER-100 C18-QB 100A HPLC Column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 um). The ICH recommendations were followed in the validation of the analytical method. DSP had a retention duration of 2.899 minutes and a tailing factor of 0.827. The RP-HPLC method was linear (R = 0.9992) in the 15-60 ug/mL concentration range. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) and detection (LOD) were 4.425 ug/mL and 1.327 ug/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations for the intra-day and inter-day precisions were 0.057-0.876% and 0.780-0.949%, respectively. The recovery percentages at 50, 100, and 200% concentration levels were within the 99.269-100.980% range. The validated method has been successfully applied to determine DSP entrapment efficiency in chitosan microspheres. A linear, sensitive, accurate, precise, and robust technique of determining DSP in chitosan microsphere preparations is offered by the established RP-HPLC method.
Enhancing Iota Carrageenan Soft Capsules with Modified Starch
Authors: Perwatasari Dayu Dian , Putri Renny Primasari Gustia , Puspantari Widya , Royanti Ida , Wibowo Des Saputro , Hidayat Taufik , Wahyuni Tuti , Purwoto Heri , Manalu Lamhot Parulian , Laksono Hendrawan
Published: January 2025

Due to the increasing demand for gelatin alternatives, iota carrageenan, a polymer derived from seaweed, is being explored as a potential base material for soft capsule production. However, the rheological properties of iota carrageenan alone are insufficient for commercial manufacturing, necessitating the addition of fillers such as modified starches. This study evaluates the performance of iota carrageenan-based soft capsule shells using modified cassava, potato, and sago starches as fillers. Various mechanical and rheological properties were assessed, including elongation, stickiness, tensile strength, and viscosity. The results demonstrated that modified cassava starch provided the best overall balance of mechanical properties, exhibiting superior moldability (47.56 mm elongation), flexibility, and moderate stickiness (567.45 gf). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that cassava starch capsules had a more uniform outer surface with smoother internal morphology than other starches. These findings suggest that modified cassava starch is a promising candidate for large-scale production of high-quality soft capsules.
Ion Chromatographic Analysis of Major Electrolyte Cations in Sappan Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.)
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Sedyohutomo Anang , Amin Nahdiah , Ibrahim Abu Rahmat , Mauraji Ilham
Published: January 2025

Using ion chromatography, a convenient method for analyzing major electrolyte cations (lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium) was presented and applied to Sappan wood samples. The analysis used a Metrohm C4-150/4.0 column with nitric acid (HNO3) as the eluent. Optimal separation was achieved with an eluent flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, resulting in excellent peak resolution and complete separation within 20 min. Calibration curves for all targeted cations were established within the 0.5 to 20.0 mg/L concentration range, demonstrating strong linearity with correlation coefficients (R2) greater than 0.999, ensuring accurate and reliable analysis. The Sappan wood samples were obtained from Ternate City, North Maluku, where cation concentrations were varied based on the extraction method. Boiling the sappan wood samples, as compared to soaking in hot purified water, significantly increased the release of electrolyte cations, resulting in higher concentrations and a greater variety of cations. Calcium was the most abundant cations in each extraction method, with a concentration of 37.80 mg/kg (5 min soaking), 43.92 mg/kg (10 min soaking), and 83.73 mg/kg (10 min boiling). In contrast, the concentration of three electrolyte cations: lithium, strontium, and barium, was below the instrument’s detection limit in all the samples.
Anticancer Effectivity of Nanocrystals Derived from Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Peel Extract on Leukemia HL-60 Cells
Authors: Gondokesumo Marisca Evalina , Novilla Arina , Prahastuti Sijani , Kusuma Hanna Sari Widya , Widowati Wahyu , Zahiroh Fadhilah Haifa , Hadiprasetyo Dhanar Septyawan , Surakusumah Wahyu
Published: January 2025

Leukemia, characterized by abnormal leukocyte proliferation, ranks ninth in Indonesia as the most common cancer. While treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation effectively target cancer cells, they also risk damaging healthy blood cells. This has spurred interest in exploring low-toxicity herbal compounds as potential therapies, with mangosteen peel emerging as a widely researched option. Nanotechnology, which has the potential to enhance the bioavailability of herbal compounds, is also a focus of extensive research. This study objective was to assess the impact of Mangosteen Peel Nanocrystal (MPN) on HL-60 leukemia cells by analyzing various parameters, including cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, senescence, and gene expression changes. MPN was prepared with high-speed milling and characterized using particle size analyzers, microscopy, and stability assessments. HL-60 cells were cultured and subjected to MPN treatment. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using WST-8 assays, ROS levels were assessed using flow cytometry, and senescence analyses using Senescence-Associated b-Galactosidase Staining. AKT and FLT-1 gene expression were determined via qRT-PCR. MPN has been successfully characterized as a nanoparticle based on size, stability, and morphology. MPN has an impact on leukemia cells by increasing cytotoxicity, decreasing ROS levels, inducing senescence, and modulating AKT and FLT-1 gene expressions. The findings suggest potential implications for MPN in targeting leukemia cells. The study sheds light on the promising effects of MPN in leukemia cell models, indicating its potential applications in targeting cancer cells, inducing senescence, decreasing ROS levels, and modulating gene expressions related to cell survival and proliferation.
Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant, and Anti-Diabetic Activities in Hexane and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracts of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaves
Authors: Nasori Achmad Sofian , Wiguna Bangkit , Rahayu Maya Damayanti , Permatasari Devi , Kazfia Hananda , Muhamaludin  , Rosyidin Ahmad Khulafaur , Dewi Rizna Triana , Fu Minghai , Atmaji Priyo , Aji Galih Kusuma
Published: January 2025

Sweet potato leaves are a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. Advanced methods are being explored to harness these beneficial compounds efficiently. Applying the supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) technique, as an environmentally friendly extraction technique, offers many advantages over traditional solvent extraction. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effect of SCO2 extraction on the bioactive properties of sweet potato leaves, focusing on antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities. Then, the SCO2 extracts were compared with the hexane extract. A completely random design was used, performing 3 pressures (2000, 3000, and 4000 Psi) and 3 temperatures (40, 50, and 60°C) for the SCO2 extraction. In addition, a maceration using hexane solvent was performed in a shaker for 24 hours. Total polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations were quantified, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analyses were used to identify the extracted bioactive compounds. Antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities were also assessed. This yield of SCO2 extraction ranged from 0.49% to 0.89%, which was significantly lower in yield, polyphenol, flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity compared to hexane extract (P<0.05). Despite the lower yield, this study observed a higher concentration of bioactive terpenoids such as phytol, caryophyllene oxide, and squalene. In terms of anti-diabetic activity, the extracts at SCO2-specific conditions (4000 Psi 40°C, 3000 Psi 60°C, 3000 Psi 40°C, and 60°C, 2000 Psi 60°C) exhibited potent alpha-glucosidase inhibition, with IC50 values comparable to acarbose, and hexane extract. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibition was the highest in the hexane extract (p < 0.05), followed by SCO2 extracts. Thus, these findings highlight new possibilities for developing anti-diabetic agents derived from sweet potato leaves using the green SCO2 extraction technique.
Fractionation and Formulation of Face Serum from Citrus hystrix DC. Fruit Peel Extract as Sunscreen and Skin-Lightening
Authors: Widyastuti Widyastuti , Elmitra Elmitra , Shinta Dewi Yudiana , Verawati Verawati , Afrianti Ria
Published: January 2025

While the leaves of C. hystrix are commonly traded as cooking spices, their fruit cannot be consumed and is still a waste from the harvest. Scholars strive to take benefit of this fruit, especially after discovering that the C. hystrix fruit peel extract has better sunscreen and skin-lightening activity than their leaf and pulp extract. Therefore, this study aims to examine the sunscreen and skin-lightening activity of this fruit peel extract fraction, which was formulated as a face serum. The fractionation process began by separating ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of peel using column chromatography. The separation of extract fractions was based on Retardation factor (Rf) values. Extract fractions and peel extracts were then tested to observe the sunscreen and skin-lightening activity by calculating the Sun Protecting Factor (SPF), Protection grade UVA (PA), DPPH, and tyrosinase inhibition using the spectrophotometric method. Following that, face serum was formulated as gel and emulgel using chitosan and Carbopol-940 as gelling agents. The results showed that the best extract fraction was presented by fraction-6 of fruit peel ethanol extract (FEEP-6) with an SPF value of 26.790 ± 0.028 and fraction-1 of fruit peel ethyl acetate extract (FEAEP-1) with a PA value of 0.609 ± 0.021. Good extract fraction was also shown in fraction-5 of fruit peel ethanol extract (FEEP-5) with an IC50 value against DPPH and tyrosinase of 159.770 ug/mL and 214.156 ug/mL. FEEP-5 was used in the face serum dosage form with a concentration of 0.05%. All face serum dosages met the physical evaluation requirements. The best SPF and antioxidant values of face serum were presented by F4 of 26.505 ± 0.762 and 61.905 ± 0.571%, while the best tyrosinase inhibitor was formulated by F3 of 64.926 ± 0.090%. This study concludes that FEEP-5 and F4 are the best extract fractions and face serum formulas to be used as sunscreen and skin lighteners. In particular, FEEP-5 can be made into a face serum, such as emulgel, sunscreen, and skin lighteners.
Synthesis of Au-Pd-NPs Materials and Application as Electrochemical Sensor of Hydroquinone in Cosmetics
Authors: Riyanto  , Mardliyaliari Safira , Sabrina Alya , Ridho Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Hydroquinone is a hazardous and toxic chemical often added to cosmetics due to bleaching properties. It is commonly analyzed in cosmetics using expensive and time-consuming instruments, showing the need for a cheap, fast, and sensitive hydroquinone electrochemical sensor. The performance of electrochemical sensor to detect hydroquinone is determined by the working electrode. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the synthesis of Au-Pd-NPs working electrode and application as electrochemical sensor of hydroquinone in cosmetics. Synthesis process was carried out by preparing Au-NPs using banana peel extract (Musa acuminata Colla) as a bioreductor, followed by adding H2PdCl4 solution. Au-NPs nanoparticle was confirmed using Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer, which showed maximum wavelength of 550 nm. The indication of Au-Pd-NPs was shown by the peak at the same wavelength. The FTIR spectrum showed pectin which acted as a bioreductant agent in synthesis of nanoparticles. The results of the TEM image showed that Au-NPs had a spherical shape in the dark field with a diameter of 38.5 ± 3.3 nm and a Pd shell layer around the Au core in the bright field with a diameter of 12.4 ± 2.6 nm. The solid Au-Pd-NPs materials were made into a composite electrode by adding PVC and tetrahydrofuran as solvents. Electrochemical response of Au-Pd-NPs electrode was tested by cyclic voltammetry in ferricyanide and PBS solutions at pH 7.0. Based on CV in the ferricyanide system, it shows that Au-Pd-NPs electrode produces peak oxidation and reduction currents ten times higher than Au-NPs. These data indicate that Au-Pd-NPs are more reactive and sensitive than Au-NPs electrodes. The Au-Pd-NPs electrode was used to analysis the concentration of hydroquinone in cosmetics samples. Electrochemical response showed a linearity (R2) of 0.9935 in concentration range of 0-60 mM, containing 1.12% hydroquinone.
Modeling of Human Development Index Using Bayesian Spatial Autoregressive Approach
Authors: Yanuar Ferra , Wulandari Sintya , Asdi Yudiantri , Zetra Aidinil , Haripamyu
Published: January 2025

Spatial regression analysis is a technique employed to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables in datasets that exhibit regional neighborhood influences or spatial effects. When a spatial effect exists for the independent variable, the Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) regression can be utilized. The Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is a commonly used parameter estimator for SAR. However, due to the limitations of MLE, the Bayesian method provides an alternative approach for parameter estimation. This study compares the results of SAR estimations using both MLE and Bayesian methods to determine the most accurate estimation model. Both methods were implemented in this research to model the factors affecting the Human Development Index (HDI) in East Java Province for the year 2022. The findings indicate that the Bayesian SAR offers a superior proposed model compared to the MLE SAR. The factors influencing the HDI in East Java Province in 2022 include poverty, per capita expenditure, and the presence of an upper middle-class manufacturing industry.
Improved Maximum Likelihood Estimator of the Extended Rama Distribution with Application to Lifetime Data
Authors: Sungboonchoo Chanakan
Published: January 2025

Lifetime data are involved in numerous applied sciences, and the extended Rama (ER) distribution can be used to model such data. The maximum likelihood method is widely used for estimating the parameters of any distribution, particularly with large sample sizes. However, its effectiveness diminishes for small or moderate sample sizes due to the potential for biased estimates. This study improves the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the extended Rama distribution by using two bias-corrected methods based on the Cox-Snell and parametric bootstrap approaches. Monte Carlo simulation was examined in terms of average bias and root mean square error (RMSE). The results indicate that the proposed bias-corrected estimators perform well in reducing both bias and root mean square error, thereby improving the accuracy of the estimates. Conversely, the maximum likelihood estimator exhibits relatively poor performance. Overall, the parametric bootstrap method outperformed the others, even when applied to small and moderate sample sizes. Additionally, the bias-corrected estimators were applied to a real dataset.
Optimizing Generalized Linear Models for Real Estate Investment Risk: A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and IRLS Approach
Authors: Abubakar Hamza , Misiran Masnita , Mansor Kamarun Hizam , Sabri Shamsul Rijal Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) serve as a powerful extension of traditional linear regression, enhancing statistical analysis capabilities. This study employs a GLM to forecast the Return on Investment (ROI) within Nigeria’s real estate and construction sectors, utilizing a comprehensive dataset that includes data from the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) and macroeconomic indicators from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), spanning 2017 to 2023. The model integrates critical macroeconomic indicators, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, the Consumer Price Index (CPI), Interest Rates (IR), and the Unemployment Rate (UR), while also considering interaction effects and non-linear terms to enhance predictive accuracy. Two methods were used to assess the GLM: Genetic Algorithms (GLM-GA) and Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (GLM-IRLS), both of which revealed significant insights. Adjusted R2 values ranged from 0.68 to 0.73, with the highest in 2019 (0.73) and the lowest in 2021 (0.68). The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) exhibited variation, with values between 365.50 in 2019 and 386.30 in 2021, indicating differing model efficiency across years. Investment risk metrics, such as Value at Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR), showed upward trends, with VaR increasing from 7.50 in 2017 to 9.20 in 2022, and CVaR rising from 7.00 to 8.70 in the same period, reflecting heightened risk exposure. The findings underscore the sensitivity of ROI predictions to macroeconomic conditions and highlight the challenges of forecasting amid economic volatility. This study emphasizes the substantial impact of macroeconomic factors on ROI and the necessity of considering these variables in investment risk assessments.
Maternal socio-demographic characteristics as correlates to nutritional status of under-five children: Multivariate regression model approach
Authors: Nweke Chijioke Joel , Odom Elijah Oforbuike , Nweke Chizaram Blessing , Elejere Amarachi Esther
Published: January 2025

All ages require nutritious food to grow, but children, especially those under the age of five, have a greater need for it -- for growth and development of essential organs and tissues. It is evident that under-five malnutrition is prevalent in sub-Sahara Africa and Nigeria in particular. Determining the correlates of nutritional status will play a vital role in combating malnutrition. Common indicators that are used to estimate nutritional status have discrepancies in their correlations with determinants of nutritional status, hence there is a need to adopt a model that could employ multiple indicators simultaneously. This study adopted a descriptive design among 227 <5 children whose mother was attending immunization at Onueke, Ebonyi State. Maternal socio-demographic characteristics as well as their anthropometrics were obtained z scores of the weight-for-age, BMI-for-age and height-for-age and MUAC served as indicators of nutritional status. Stunting, thinness, underweight and risk of malnutrition (based on low MUAC) were respectively 43.6%, 45.6%, 45.3% and 49.3%. Based on a multivariate regression model, the only maternal characteristic, correlating with low height for age was being in a polygamous marriage. Low weight for age was associated with younger mothers (age 15-24), those who were farmers, and those with less than high incomes. Low BMI for age was associated with not having a secondary school education and being a farmer or trader. Risk of low MUAC was not associated with any of these maternal characteristics. When all measures of nutritional status were combined, low nutritional status was linked to all measured maternal characteristics except marital status (single, married, divorced). Thus, to bridge discrepancies that may exist when different nutritional status indicators are used, it is recommended that a multivariate regression model which uses multiple indicators simultaneously be adopted to determined significant maternal characteristics that correlated with nutritional status.
Diet quality of women of reproductive age in Sagamu local government area, Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors: OYESANYA BOLUWADURO ADENIKE , Oladoyinbo Oladoyinbo Catherine , Onabanjo Onabanjo Oluseye , Fakoya Fakoya Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

BackgroundDiet quality refers to a diversified, balanced and healthy diet which is reflected in variety and diversity, adequacy, moderation and overall balance. Women’s diet quality during reproductive years influences their long-term health.ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study assessed the socio-demographic and socio-economic status, anthropometric status, dietary intake and diet quality of 270 women of reproductive age.MethodsA probability sample was taken from households in the Sagamu Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socioeconomic and socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences of the respondents were measured, body mass index calculated and compared with standards. Dietary intake was assessed using a multi-pass 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. The Diet Quality Index International (DQI-I) questionnaire was used to assess diet quality on a scale of 100. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Chi-square and correlation were employed to determine the association and relationship between variables. The level of significance chosen was at p<0.05.Results51.1% had a normal body mass index though there was high prevalence of overweight (29.6%) and obesity (14.4%). 57.4% were centrally obese and 46.7% had high waist-to-hip ratio, indicating high disease risk. The main staples consumed were cereals, roots and tubers and legumes. Carbohydrate and protein were in excess while potassium, calcium, folate, vitamin C and fiber were inadequate. Consumption of fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, protein, and iron were at recommended levels. The total DQI-I score was 62.9/100. The diet variety score, 12.5, indicating good diet variety. The diet adequacy score was 17.6, indicating low diet adequacy. The diet moderation score was 25.64, indicating good moderation. The dietary balance score was 7.1, indicating good overall balance.ConclusionsWe conclude that most of the respondents had good dietary variety, good dietary moderation and good overall balance; however, there was low diet adequacy, with a distinct pattern of low consumption of fruits and vegetables. It is recommended that the DQI-I tool be widely used in Nigeria as a means of assessing and comparing diet quality at state level.
Overweight and obesity in women in Burkina Faso: Socio-cultural and behavioural factors
Authors: Dembele Bernard Dembele
Published: January 2025

Overweight, obesity, and associated non-communicable diseases are global public health issues. Initially confined to developed nations, they are now spreading to least developed countries as a result of the globalisation of dietary attitudes and practices, which have greatly increased the consumption of ultra-processed and other obesogenic products. In developing countries, women are more likely to be overweight or obese than men. Burkina Faso is not an exception in this pattern. It is the reason why this analysis was initiated to highlight the socio-cultural and behavioural factors underlying this phenomenon among women. It aims at emphasizing the prominent characteristics of overweight/obese women to help formulate accurate actions and interventions. To this end, the data used come from the Burkina Faso 2021 Demographic and Health Survey, which covered a nationally representative sub-sample of 8,852 women aged 15-49 years, on whom anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were collected. The analyses revealed that overweight and obesity affect at least one in five women, and are linked predominantly to the possession of rapid means of transportation, practice of sedentary activities, having a high living standard, consumption of dietary diversity, having a high level of education, older age, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, connected to internet, urban residence, membership in certain ethnicities and multi-parity. This highlights the multidimensional nature of overweight and obesity and the need for multi-faceted actions to control the current upward trend. Priority should be given to balanced diets low in ultra-processed foods, daily physical exercise, and their influencing parameters.
A cross-sectional study on minimum dietary diversity and anthropometric status of women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Ikwuano Local Government Area, Abia State Nigeria
Authors: Okorie Ijioma , Ekeh Anita C , Ugo Chinemerem H
Published: January 2025

Introduction and Objective: To prevent nutrient deficiencies and chronic diseases, women of reproductive age (WRA) (15–49 years), need to eat a diversified and adequate diet for the provision of micronutrients and phytochemicals. The purpose of the study was to conduct a seven-day assessment of the minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and anthropometric status of WRA in Ikwuano Local Government Area.
Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study design was used among 208 consenting WRA from 8 communities in 2 clans of the LGA. A semi-structured 7-day recall questionnaire that measured MDD for women (MDD-W) was used. A score of 5 (out of 10) food groups was considered to be an adequate MDD. The WRA’s body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were evaluated, and BMI was calculated and compared with standards. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), the paired sample t-test, and Spearman Correlation, while the level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
Result: About 51.0% of sample women achieved MDD, 29.8% were underweight, 14.4% were overweight and 7.2% were obese. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the mean value between day 1 (4.45) and day 7 (4.75) in the MDD of these women. BMI was higher among those who were unemployed, and MDD scores were significantly higher when the WHR was higher.
Conclusions: Most of the respondents achieved MDD, which also contributed to higher WHR. Unemployment was strongly linked to higher BMI status among these respondents.
Relax pig: sistema para auxílio no monitoramento da síndrome do estresse suíno
Authors: Motta Marielson , Oliveira João , Sauceda Tauani , Vasconcellos Cristhiano , Fontoura Josiane , Santos Carlos
Published: January 2025

A suinocultura é uma atividade que envolve a criação de porcos para a produção de alimentos, sendo uma importante fonte de consumo de proteína animal. A criação de suínos pode ser dividida em diferentes etapas. Para todas as etapas é preciso ter instalações e manejo adequado. A produção de suínos pode ser feita em sistema intensivo ou extensivo. No Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Campus Alegrete, a suinocultura é realizada no sistema intensivo, em que o manejo dos suínos é realizado por meio de baias e gaiolas. Diante disso, é mais comum que o suíno desenvolva a síndrome do estresse suíno. Desse modo, é necessário que seja realizado um monitoramento sobre os fatores causadores do estresse no animal. Este trabalho apresenta um sistema responsivo para auxiliar neste processo. O sistema foi desenvolvido com base na metodologia em V para que as etapas de planejamento e construção fossem interpoladas com testes.
Finansal Okuryazarlığın Kariyer Geleceği Algısı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Ayhan Özcan , Özbek Ali
Published: January 2025

Günümüzün hızla değişen ekonomik koşulları, bireylerin finansal bilgilerini ve bu bilgileri etkin kullanma becerilerini daha önemli hale getirmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, finansal okuryazarlığın üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer geleceği algısı üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma ilişkisel tarama modeli esasıyla 02.02.2024-25.05.2024 tarihleri arasında İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi öğrencileri ile gönüllülük temelinde kolayda örnekleme kullanılarak anketle yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini üniversitede eğitim görmekte olan 413 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada veriler toplanırken; Finansal Okuryazarlık Tutum ve Davranış Ölçeği ve Kariyer Geleceği Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerle Finansal okuryazarlığın (FO) kariyer gelecek algısı (KGA) üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan korelasyon analizinde pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu, yapılan regresyon analizinde ise istatistiki olarak anlamlı etki tespit edilmiştir.
Exploration of Practical Teaching of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering Major Based on the Training of Applied Talents
Authors: Zhang Guizhai , Zhou Xiaoyan , Zheng Ling , Wang Fangzhi , Li Jing , Guo Xiaoying , Zhang Lingling
Published: January 2025

Resource recycling science and engineering is a new interdisciplinary subject. In order to meet the needs of the development of the circular economy, it is highly necessary to improve students’ innovative abilities and practical skills. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the practical teaching of this major and puts forward some approaches to the construction of practical teaching of resource-based major from the aspects of content system construction of practical teaching of resource recycling major, deep cooperation between schools and enterprises, construction of dual-teacher teams, and integration teaching of industry-university-research competition. It has effectively improved the training quality of applied talents in the resource recycling major.
Research on the Development Path of Vocational Education Internationalization under the Background of Hainan Free Trade Port Construction
Authors: Hu Rui
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the establishment and continuous promotion of the Hainan Free Trade Port has made its strategic position increasingly prominent. In order to cope with the opportunities and challenges brought by the free trade port, the demand for high-quality practitioners in Hainan Free Trade Port is imminent. As a highly open free trade port in the world, Singapore has promoted the rapid improvement of national strength by promoting the international development of vocational education, which provides important enlightenment for the research on the development path of the internationalization of vocational education in Hainan Free Trade Port. This study uses case analysis and comparative analysis to analyze the successful experience of the internationalization of vocational education in Singapore, clarify the current situation and shortcomings of Hainan Free Trade Port in the internationalization of vocational education, and suggest feasible development paths from four aspects: institutional environment, teaching system, teachers, and cooperation mode.
Some Explanation of the Definition of Matrix Calculation and Rank of Matrix
Authors: Liu Haiyan
Published: January 2025

When studying linear algebra, students may feel very abstract. In most textbooks, the definition or theorem is given directly, so the students do not know the origin, meaning, or application of some knowledge. This study will explain some knowledge in the chapter of the matrix to help students understand the knowledge better and cultivate students’ exploration ability by getting conclusions from observing and studying. The knowledge chosen is the definition of matrix calculation and the rank of a matrix,
Análise da Variação Térmica e Índice Pluviométrico em Bacias Hidrográficas no Semiárido Brasileiro de Acordo com Projeções do CMIP6
Authors: Bezerra de Melo Matheus Henrique , Barros Gomes Helber , Tavares Silva Madson , Lopes Cabral Samuellson
Published: January 2025

As sub-bacias hidrográficas de Sobradinho, Três Marias e Retiro Baixo, estão localizadas no Rio São Francisco, no qual abrange grande parte do Nordeste do Brasil e desempenham um papel fundamental na produção de biomassa e água de qualidade para a região, além de ser importante para a conservação da biodiversidade. A gestão dos recursos hídricos é essencial para garantir o uso efetivo da água. As mudanças climáticas, impulsionadas pela atividade humana, têm impactos significativos no ciclo hidrológico global, incluindo o aumento das temperaturas, o derretimento de geleiras, as alterações nas correntes marinhas e no regime de chuvas, bem como a redução da quantidade de água armazenada nos rios e lagos. O Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climática (IPCC AR6) é um relatório importante que avalia o conhecimento climático e descreve como as mudanças climáticas afetam diversos elementos climáticos. A compreensão dos fluxos hídricos também é crucial para o planejamento de medidas de proteção e recuperação da qualidade dos recursos hídricos. A climatologia nas sub-bacias sob o histórico (1990-2014) traz diferença em relação aos cenários SSP2-4.5 e SSP5-8.5 (2015-2035; 2045-2065; 2079-2100) em que revela aumento nas temperaturas e variações nas precipitações. Em relação aos resultados obtidos os modelos ACESSESM1, MRIESM2, MIROC6 e CanESM2 entre o período de 2015 a 2065 apresentaram um aumento na temperatura (1,5 a 2ºC) em todas as sub-bacias, entretanto, são observadas divergências nas projeções de precipitação, enquanto o MIROC e CanESM2 indicam redução de precipitação, o ACESSESM1 e MRIESM2 preveem um aumento na precipitação.