bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites on the central and peripheral circadian clock
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Pisarev I. V. , Varnitsyna V. V. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen
Published: August 2021

The article describes the factors affecting the intestinal microbiota, which, in turn, lead to changes in the central and peripheral circadian clocks of the host. The role of the diet and the sleep-wake cycle on the intestinal microbiota, the relationship of nutrition and microbiota on gene expression are discussed, and the influence of microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids on the expression of clock genes are considered.
Design of Adaptive Estimator for Nonlinear control system in Noisy Domain
Authors: Karuppusamy P
Published: August 2021

In the recent research studies, adaptive control has been used to monitor a reference control system that has been selected by the researcher. The acceptable reference system can be executed with the presence of nonlinearity and undesirable switches, as they have been disabled. This research study examines the challenges in adapting the state and time-varying parameters, when noise and state disturbances are present in a nonlinear control system. Additionally, this adaptive controller points out the best or most accurate option based on recursive least squares calculations by using the sensor data. This convergence has a rate of arrival with a set time of origin that serves as an estimate for error estimation. In addition, this research work has evaluated the amount of variance in the estimate, which has been caused by external disturbances using adaptive estimators from the reference value present in the noisy domain. The findings obtained via simulation demonstrate the performance of the adaptive estimator through the difference obtained between the reference value and observed value.
Effects of Vitamin C and Dimethylsulfoxide (Dmso) on Neuro-Behaviour, Apoptosis and oxidative stress in ischaemic stroke induced rats
Authors: Suleiman Nasiru  , Bulama Ibrahim  , Lawal S Bilbis  , Saidu Yusuf  , Abdullahi Y Abbas  , Salisu Buhari  , Balarabe Salisu  , Akib A Jimoh
Published: August 2021

Background: Researches over the years have identified excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death as key contributors underlying progression of lesion in ischaemic stroke (IS). This study reports the effect of vitamin C and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in the management of ischaemic stroke (IS) in Wistar rats.

Method: Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were induced with IS by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Anxiety like behavior and locomotor activity assessments were carried out. Group 1was treated with vitamin C (67.5mg/kg) and group 2 with DMSO (67.5mg/kg) orally for two weeks. Group 4 was neither induced nor treated. Brain tissue homogenates (cerebral cortex) were assessed for the level of calcium binding protein (S100B), antioxidant enzymes [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalae (CAT), Glutathion peroxidase (GPx)] gene expressions, BCL2, Bax and Caspase3.

Result: The results of this study showed that in the IS rats, there was significant (P<0.05) increase in anxiety and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the locomotor activity. There was also significant (P<0.05) increase in S100B, caspase 3 and Bax expressions, while there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in BCL2. Treatment with vitamin C and DMSO resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in the locomotor activity and significant (P<0.05) decrease in anxiety. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in the expression of SOD, CAT and GPx genes. Also, there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in S100B level, caspase-3 and Bax expressions, while there was significant (P<0.05) increase in BCL2. Conclusion: Conclusively, the results of this research highlighted the potentials for the use of vitamin C and DMSO in the management of IS.

Keywords: Stroke; Antioxidant; Locomotor; Neuro-Behavioural; Dimethylsulfoxide Apoptosis; Oxidative Stress
Heavy metals in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis: Are they safe as animal feeds?
Authors: Chee Kong Yap  , Wen Siang Tan  , Wan Hee Cheng  , Shih Hao Tony Peng  , Chee Wah Yap  , Mohamad Saupi Ismail
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study was to compare the cited data of Cd and Pb levels in the green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) with established maximum limits of both metals by European Union (EU) legislation for animal feeds. It was found that most mussel populations from Malaysia (90% for Cd; 87.5% for Pb) and Hong Kong (96.2% for Cd; 100% for Pb) were found to have lower levels of Cd and Pb than the maximum limits for animal feeds by EU. Therefore, both toxic metals based on the feeds of mussel meats on the animals should not pose serious toxicological effects. However, the meat of P. viridis are potential animal feeds similarly to the fish meal. Considering the accumulation of metals in the long term, future biomonitoring of Cd and Pb should focus on animal feed materials on mussel-based origins.

Keywords: Animal Feed; Mussels; Safety
DRAINASE VERTIKAL DENGAN KOLOM CAMPURAN PASIR-PECAHAN BETON UNTUK MEMPERCEPAT KONSOLIDASI TANAH LEMPUNG
Authors: Listyawan Anto Budi , Wiqoyah Qunik , Sugiyatno  , M. Alaydrus Guntur Pamungkas4
Published: August 2021

Tanah di Desa Troketon, Kecamatan Pedan, Kabupaten Klaten mempunyai nilai PI sebesar 34,59%; LL 62,55%; PL 27,96%; dan SL 19.62%  ditinjau dengan metode USCS (United Soil Clasification System) termasuk ke dalam kelompok golongan CH yaitu lempung anorganik berplastisitas tinggi. Tanah lempung yang buruk dapat mengakibatkan rusaknya bangunan di atasnya seperti jalan yang bergelombang. Tanah lempung yang buruk dapat diperbaiki menggunakan drainase vertikal yang bertujuan untuk mempercepat penurunan sehingga waktu yang dihabiskan untuk pembangunan relatif singkat dan tidak memakan biaya yang berlebih. Pada penelitian drainase vertikal ini digunakan kolom campuran pasir dan pecahan beton dengan variasi susunan kolom pola bujur sangkar dan segitiga. Sampel diambil pada titik tengah antar 4 kolom , 3 kolom dan 2 kolom, kemudian dilakukan pengujian konsolidasi. Pada variasi bujur sangkar titik tengah antar  4 kolom didapatkan nilai CV sebesar 0,000187 cm2/s, CC sebesar 0.429 dan SC sebesar  0.173 sedangkan, titik tengah antar 2 kolom mempunyai CV sebesar 0,000163 cm2/s, CC sebesar 0.490 dan SC sebesar 0.176. Pada variasi segitiga titik tengah antar 3 kolom didapatkan nilai CV sebesar 0.000129 cm2/s, CC sebesar 0.541 dan SC sebesar 0.254 sedangkan, titik tengah antar 2 kolom mempunya nilai CV sebesar 0.000114 cm2/s, CC sebesar 0.561 dan SC sebesar 0.258. Sehingga kolom campuran pasir dan pecahan beton dengan variasi bujur sangkar lebih baik untuk digunakan sebagai drainase vertikal.
ANALISIS POLA PERSEBARAN DESA DI KECAMATAN KUANTAN MUDIK KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Ruspianda Riki , Asmeri Jafra Ria
Published: August 2021

Pola persebaran desa adalah pola keruangan yang terdapat pada setiap desa. Kecamatan Kuantan Mudik merupakan  kecamatan di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi yang memiliki desa terbanyak diantara kecamatan lain.   di Kecamatan Kuantan Mudik, Pola pesebaran desa yang belum teridentifikasi. Hal ini memberikan masalah dalam proses pembangunan. Bentuk dari permasalahan tersebut  berupa tidak optimalnya pemanfataan segala potensi pada wilayah desa di Kecamatan Kuantan Mudik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptip kualitatif menemukan hasil bahwa pola persebaran desa di Kecamatan Kuantan Mudik berbentuk linear dengan mengikuti jalan dan sungai. Sedangkan potensi desa di Kecamatan Kuantan Mudik terdiri dari potensi fisis dan nonfisis. Potensi fisis yang ada pada desa di Kecamatan Kuantan Mudik meliputi potensi fisis lahan dan tanah, air, iklim, ternak dan sumberdaya manusia. Sedangkan potensi nonfisis terdiri dari adanya pola hidup masyarakat yang menganut sistem gotong royong, adanya lembaga-lembaga sosial yang mendukung kehidupan masyarakat dan adanya pamong desa yang ada disetiap desa untuk kelancaran pemerintahan desa di Kecamatan Kuantan Mudik.
Pengaruh User Interface, Perceived Security dan Perceived Privacy terhadap E-satisfaction Menggunakan Aplikasi Traveloka
Authors: Tamaro Tamaro , Sugiono Arif , Adistya Diang , Wulandari Jeni
Published: August 2021

This research aims to analyse the effect of user interface, pereived security and perceived privacy on esatisfaction of traveloka users. The research uses an explanative approach. The sample of this study was Traveloka users aged 17 years and over with experience using the Traveloka. By using accidental sampling technique, the number of respondents is 385 people. Data analysis performed using descriptive analysis and multiple linear analysis. The results showed that the user interface, perceived security and perceived privacy partialy and simultaneously had a positive and significant effect on esatisfaction. The main e-satisfaction factor for traveloka users is user interface. The simpler and easier the user interface, increasing esatisfaction in using Traveloka
Peningkatan Keputusan Pembelian Melalui Celebrity Endorsement, Kualitas Produk dan Citra Merek
Authors: Yusuf Yusuf , Tiauw Aprilia Attika , Amin Mohammad , Mustamin Hastuti
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of celebrity endorsement, product quality and brand image on purchasing decisions. Respondents of this research are customers of Beauty store at Kendari who buy and use Scarlett Handbody products totaling 110 samples. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data in this study. The results showed that purchasing decisions were significantly influenced by celebrity endorsement, product quality and brand image. This study also found that brand image has the strongest role in influencing the purchasing decision of scarlet handbody.
ON A RESCALED NONLOCAL DIFFUSION PROBLEM WITH NEUMANN BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: Gomez C.A. , Caicedo J.A.
Published: August 2021

In this work, we consider the rescaled nonlocal diffusion problem with Neumann Boundary Conditions \[ \begin{cases} u_t^{\epsilon}(x,t)=\displaystyle\frac{1}{\epsilon^2} \int_{\Omega}J_{\epsilon}(x-y)(u^\epsilon(y,t)-u^\epsilon(x,t))dy\\ \qquad \qquad+\displaystyle\frac{1}{\epsilon}\int_{\partial \Omega}G_\epsilon(x-y)g(y,t)dS_y,\\ u^\epsilon(x,0)=u_0(x), \end{cases} \] where $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}$ is a bounded, connected and smooth domain, $g$ a positive continuous function, $J_\epsilon(z)=C_1\frac{1}{\epsilon^N}J(\frac{z}{\epsilon}), G_\epsilon(x)=C_1\frac{1}{\epsilon^N}G(\frac{x}{\epsilon}),$ $J$ and $G$ well defined kernels, $C_1$ a normalization constant. The solutions of this model have been used without prove to approximate the solutions of a family of nonlocal diffusion problems to solutions of the respective analogous local problem. We prove existence and uniqueness of the solutions for this problem by using the Banach Fixed Point Theorem. Finally, some conclusions are given.
Military Doctrines in Israel and Iran: A Doctrinal Hybridity
Authors: Yossef Amr
Published: August 2021

This article comparatively analyzes the origins of the military doctrines in Israel and Iran, which are positioned at the poles of status quo and revisionism in the Middle East. In a conceptual hybridity, both parties stand strategically on the defensive but operationally combine defensive
with offensive elements. These combinations are backed by powerful cultural motivations and organizational interests in each country. The implications enrich our understanding of the nature of military doctrine and indicate another contributing factor in regional destabilization.
How Do Liberalized Autocracies Repress Dissent? Evidence from Morocco
Authors: Abouzzohour Yasmina
Published: August 2021

The Moroccan regime has used repression to successfully contain numerous types of opposition. Although research on its repressive policies is now extensive, impartial scholarly work that systematically examines its rational use of repression remains limited. This article addresses this
gap by investigating the causal mechanisms behind the regime's repression of opposition actors between 1956 and 2018. Examining these mechanisms sheds light on the multilevel games between ruling actors andvopposition groups during various opposition events and shows that liberalization does
not ensure the reduced use of repression. Rather, repression remains a strategic policy employed by the regime to pursue important political objectives such as maintaining power.
Deterrence through Diplomacy: Oman's Dialogue Facilitation Initiatives during the Yemeni Civil War
Authors: Ramani Samuel
Published: August 2021

In contrast to other states in the Gulf Cooperation Council, Oman has declined to participate in the Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen and has opted to facilitate dialogue between the conflict's warring parties. Oman has embraced a strategy of diplomatic deterrence in
Yemen, facilitating dialogue to counter the perceived threats that Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates pose to its foreign policy independence. The article explores how the Sultanate's diplomatic deterrence strategy manifests at the local, regional, and international levels, building
on English- and Arabic-language source material and interviews.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in the prevention of delirium in adult hospitalized. An overview of systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors:   Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile., Opazo Yoselyn , Gutierrez-Arias Ruvistay , Seron Pamela
Published: August 2021

Review question / Objective: The aim of this overview is to determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in terms of incidence of delirium, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, and other secondary outcomes, in hospitalized adults. Information sources: The databases to be consulted will be MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos and CINAHL. In addition, the protocol registers of the SRs (PROSPERO and INPLASY) will be searched, and the list of references of the SRs included in this overview will be reviewed.
Strigocossus ralffiebigi sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae) from Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of Uganda
Authors: Yakovlev Roman V.
Published: August 2021

The article describes a new species of Cossidae (Lepidoptera: Zeuzerinae) from Equatorial Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of Uganda) – Strigocossus ralffiebigi sp. nov.
Application of Water Conservancy Informatization in River and Lake Management
Authors: Guosen Cheng , Jin Zhu , Shubiao Gui , Kaikai Li
Published: August 2021

In order to solve the problems of heavy workload, low efficiency, inconvenient transportation and complex terrain, difficulties in regional monitoring and evidence collection, and insufficient quantitative analysis ability in traditional river and lake management, this paper studies and summarizes the literature and policies related to river and lake information management by using the integration of Internet, UAV, GIS and other technologies in recent years, The technical methods and means of river and lake management and protection are put forward to provide reference for improving water management system and ensuring water safety.
Bacteriological Profile of Osteomyelitis in Drepanocytic Children at the David Bernardino Pediatric Hospital from May to August 2017
Authors: Andre Mikka , Joaquim Guilhermino
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Osteomyelitis is defined as the infection of the entire bone structure caused by a pyogenic infectious agent. Depending on the evolution time, clinical and radiological findings can be classified as acute or chronic. The present study aimed to describe the bacteriological profile of osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease, admitted to the Pediatric Hospital David Bernardino, in Luanda/Angola, from June 1 to October 31, 2017. Methodology: We carried out a descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study in a universe consisting of 33 children with sickle cell anemia admitted to the Surgery Service of this Hospital. Sample collection was performed during the surgical procedure. Results: We identified a higher percentage of cases in male children with 58% and in the age group from 5 to 10 years with 63.6%. The most affected bone segment was the tibia with 33.4%, followed by the humerus and femur with 30.3% each. Most patients, 66.7% of cases, were admitted to the Surgery Service before the surgical procedure. Of the samples collected for bacteriological study, only 31.3% were positive, with the most identified germs being Citrobacter spp, Enterobacter species and Proteus species, with 6.1% each. The sensitivity profile of Gram positive cocci was 100% for Ofloxacin and Cloxacillin and gram negative cocci had 100% sensitivity for Ofloxacin, Amikacin and Minocycline. There was total resistance in Gram positives to Ampicillin and 80% in Gram negatives. Most children had severe anemia (hemoglobin below 9 g), in 17 cases (69.69%), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Velocity levels between 60 to 83 mm, in 16 cases (48.5%), and levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) between 40 to 50 mg/L in 8 cases (24.3%). Cloxacillin was used in 60.7% of cases, followed by Cloxacillin + Gentamicin in 7 children (21.1%). Twenty-seven children (82%) underwent surgical treatment, with fenestration being the most used procedure. Conclusion: The characteristics of the patients and the disease regarding sex, age and the most affected bone are in accordance with those described in the literature. Of the 10 patients without previous antibiotic therapy had samples with bacterial growth, with identification of Citrobacter spp (2), Enterobacter sp (2) Proteus spp (2), E.Coli (1), S.Aureus (1), Proteus Vulgaris (1) and Proteus Mirabilis (1). Patients were hospitalized for more than seven (7) days, due to other pathologies during hospitalization. About 60.7% of the children were treated with Cloxacillin and 21.1% with an association of Cloxacillin with Gentamicin, with surgical debridement and fenestration being the surgical procedure performed in 82% of patients. Patients operated on and undergoing targeted antibiotic therapy had good results in 87.87% of cases; One case (3.03%) required readmission and underwent a new surgical approach.
The Agenda on Non-Communicable Diseases: Editorial Review
Authors: Aslam* Fahim
Published: August 2021

Health and well-being of individuals is an essential part of a human’s life, with increasing age we as humans are prone to be affected by various complications that can affect our human body. For decades, communicable diseases were the main causes of death around the world from the early 1900 outbreak of the Spanish Flu to the more recent COVID-19 outbreak in the 21st Century [1]. However, over the years a common trend has been observed globally where the rise of Non-Communicable Diseases also known as NCD’s has impacted people both mentally as well as financially. NCD’s are diseases “that are not transmissible from one person to another”, unlike communicable diseases there are various forms and types of NCD’s which are caused predominantly by risk factors associated to the disease and genetics [2]....
Air Pollution COVID-19 and Forensic Implications
Authors: M Luisetto , Al-Mukthar Naseer
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 and the new variant are a classic example of viral and environmental toxicology link. Observing literature related spread velocity and diffusion of this respiratory virus it is clear the role played by air pollution. The high rate of this environmental pollutant produced a worsening factors that increased mortality rate also.
Sleep Characteristics of Healthcare Professionals in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zorlu Duygu , Akca Veysel
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Sleep disturbances and anxiety are the first physical reflections observed in healthcare professionals. The aim was to reveal the sleep characteristics and moods of healthcare professionals during the pandemic for making improvements and provide support. Methods: This study is observational and cross-sectional study and was carried out in a training and research hospital in Kirsehir, Turkey. A total of 48 nurses, 25 doctors, 37 assistant health personnel, 12 security guards, and 25 medical secretaries were included, of which 147 were healthcare professionals and 50 were not healthcare professionals (control group). Three questionnaires were used; two to measure sleep, one to measure stress. The volunteer participants were administered face-to-face Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Beck Stress Scale (BSS) simultaneously and scored individually. These scores were evaluated separately for demographic characteristics and their association with occupational groups. Results: A total of 197 people were included in the study, of which 147 were healthcare professionals, and 50 were not healthcare professionals (control group). The average age of the participants was 34.15 ± 9.18 years. The participants’ average PSQI (6.25 ± 3.24), ESS (7.46 ± 3.16), and BSS (11.26 ± 4.65) were calculated. The difference between the BSS (p < 0.01) and PSQI (p < 0.05) values of women and men was statistically significant. BSS and PSQI values were low in security guards. However, these values were high in nurses. The occupational experience of the participants in all three scales was not statistically significant. It was higher in the control group than the healthcare professional group. However, these differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Discussion and Conclusion: In the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no difference in sleep and anxiety characteristics between health workers and non-health workers and the most common group of healthcare professionals with anxiety, sleep disorders was nurses. Based on the results, women and nurses between the ages of 31-35 should be given priority in support of healthcare professionals.
A Cell-Based Assay for Antioxidant Behaviour of Phytochemicals: Influence of Exposure Time and Presence of Serum
Authors: Hashim Maha J , R Fry Jeffrey
Published: August 2021

There is considerable interest in the ability of plant-derived antioxidants to protect against oxidative damage associated with disease or exposure to toxic agents. In this study, the cytoprotection effect of the direct antioxidants Quercetin (Q) and Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) and the indirect antioxidants, Sulforaphane (SFN) and Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) was assessed in a cellular protection assay. This assay involved two cytoprotection patterns: (a) exposure to phytochemical for 20 hours followed by 5-hour exposure to t-Butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP); (b) simultaneous exposure to phytochemicals and t-BHP for 5 hours. HepG2 cells were cultured to a confluent monolayer and exposed to phytochemical +/- t-BHP in serum-free medium or serum-containing medium at high [10%(v/v)] or low [2%(v/v)] levels of foetal bovine serum, after which cell damage mediated by oxidant stress was assessed by uptake of neutral red. Results showed that Q, EGCG and, I3C were effective while SFN was inactive and toxic to the cells by itself at high concentration during long incubation. On the other hand, a short time of incubation with SFN displayed identical results to prolonged exposure. However, I3C was devoid of protection activity. Moreover, results showed that serum has a major impact on antioxidant activity.
Knowledge of Rabies Vis-A-Vis Dog Bite Exposure among Non-Victimized People within Srinagar District of Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: Thahaby Namera , Akand Afzal Hoque , Bhat Abdul Hai , Hamdani Shabeer Ahmed , Allaie Idrees Mehraj
Published: August 2021

Objective: People have low information regarding rabies and its prevention. Understanding community information on rabies is vitally attributable to their influence on post-exposure treatment-seeking behavior as community support is important for rabies bar and management program. Methods: The present study was carried in Srinagar district. Regarding perception of people interview schedule was formulated. As per Srinagar Municipal Corporation (SMC), the city is divided into two divisions; four zones and 34 wards. To exploit the diversity of population response, all the four zones were considered for the present investigation. Results: Regarding knowledge of non-victimized people it was seen they were aware, but they lacked a complete perception of rabies. The greater parts of respondents had heard of rabies (81.25%) and were awake of its spread through dog bites; however they lacked the information about the other animals transmitting rabies. This faction has enhanced communication and information regarding what is happening in their dwelling, counting dog bites as well. Bite was being mentioned (70.93%) by most of the respondents as a means of transmission but only some of the respondents mentioned scratches and licking as the method of transmission. This could due to lack of complete acuity of the disease rabies. In our community rabies is well-known as mad dog (halkaer houn) which is allied through aggression. Aggression was thus known by most of the respondents (35.20%) which is in stroke amid the verity that furious form of rabies is widespread in animals. Regarding about the treatment, the majority were aware that the SMHS (95.31%) hospital provides vaccines and the respondents didn’t choose any traditional methods. Some respondents knew about the need of prompt washing of the wound by water and soap (25%). Victims would seek medical attention, potentially due to fear of rabies. Conclusion: The good level of knowledge amongst the non-victims may be due to numerous reports of dog’s bites in Srinagar plus they were more educated. Factors influencing enhanced awareness and practices incorporated elevated socioeconomic rank and education signifying that the maximum menace of rabies is probable to fall on the mainly susceptible sectors of society, particularly poor members with slight or no proper education.
Hitit Tanrılar Topluluğunda Bir Tanrıça: Kappariyamu
Authors: Aslantürk Nursel
Published: August 2021

Eski Anadolu’nun en önemli uygarlıklarından biri olan Hitit uygarlığı tarih boyunca çok sayıda önemli uygarlığa beşiklik etmiş olan ve uygarlıklar tarihinde birçok ilklere tanıklık eden Anadolu’nun verimli toprakları üzerinde MÖ. II. bin yıllarında kurulmuştur. Hint Avrupalı kavimlerden olan Hititler, “Hatti Ülkesi” olarak adlandırdıkları Anadolu’da, siyasi birliği kurduktan sonra yayılmacı bir politika benimsemişlerdir. Bu politika sonucunda Hitit Devleti, Güney ve Güneydoğu Anadolu, Mezopotamya ve Kuzey Suriye’de etki alanı oldukça geniş bir imparatorluk haline gelmişlerdir. Boğazköy’de yapılan arkeolojik araştırmalar sonucunda bulgulanan Hitit dilinde yazılmış olan çiviyazılı kil tabletlerden Hititler’in dine dayalı bir yönetim sistemi benimsedikleri öğrenilmektedir. Bu çalışma, politeist (çok tanrılı) bir inanç sistemine sahip olan Hititlerin resmi dininde ve pantheonunda yer alan Tanrıça Kappariḭamu’nun kökenini, adının anlamını, tanrıçanın ne zaman ve nasıl kutsandığını Hitit çiviyazılı belgelerden elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda filolojik değerlendirmelerle ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Tieion Akropolisi
Authors: Yıldırım Şahin
Published: August 2021

Tieion antik kenti, Karadeniz kıyısının batı kesiminde, Kimi antik çağ yazarları tarafından Bithynia ile Paphlagonia arasında sınır olarak kabul edilen Billaos nehrinin (Filyos) hemen yakınında yer almaktadır. Yerleşim, antik ve modern kaynaklar tarafından MÖ 7. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, Tios adında Miletoslu bir rahibin önderliğinde kurulmuş bir Miletos kolonisi olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Tieion Akropolisinde kazılar sonucunda ortaya çıkarılan MÖ 7. ve 6. yüzyıllara tarihlendirilen İonia seramikleri, yerleşimin Miletos tarafından kurulduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Bununla birlikte önemli bir liman kenti olan Tieion, Karadeniz’in ticaret yolları üzerinde, balıkçılık, şarap üretimi ve tahıl yetiştiriciliğinin ön plana çıktığı bir yerdi. Antik limanın mendirekleri, akropolisteki tapınağı, hamamları, su kemerleri ve tiyatrosuyla Tieion, tipik bir Roma kenti görünümündedir.

Yukarı şehir çevresinde son yıllarda yürütülen kazı çalışmalarında kentin kuruluş dönemlerine ait yapı kalıntılarına rastlanmıştır. Bu yapılar dikdörtgen ya da yuvarlak şekilde açılmış bir çukurun içinde iptidai şekilde inşa edilmiş konutlardan oluşmaktadır. Bu konutların içlerinde ve çevrelerinde yapılan çalışmalarda, MÖ 7. yüzyılın son çeyreğine tarihlendirilen, Miletos yapımı Orta Yaban Keçisi II evresi olarak tanımlanan seramik parçaları bulunmuştur. Bu seramik gurubu ile aynı tabakalarda yerel olarak üretilmiş Phryg menşeili koyu gri, siyah ve kahverengi astarlı seramikler de ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Akropoldeki P1 konutunda ise Grek Koloni Çağı tabakalarının hemen altında, olasılıkla Attika Geç Geometrik Dönemi’ne tarihlendirilen pişmiş toprak bir at heykelciği parçası ile karşılaşılmıştır. Bir diğer at figürini parçası da aynı konutta başka bir lokasyonda bulunmuştur ancak, bu ikinci örnek gerek kil yapısı gerekse de stil bakımından yerel üretim olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca bu figürinlerle birlikte çok sayıda yerel imalat çanak çömlek de ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Böylece, Güney Karadeniz’de Grek Koloni Çağı ve Koloni Çağı öncesine dair somut kanıtlar ilk defa elde edilmiştir.
VI./XII. Asırda Bir Abbâsî Veziri: Adudüddîn İbnü’l-Müslime’nin Siyasî ve İdarî Etkinliği
Authors: Hançabay Halil İbrahim
Published: August 2021

Abbâsî bürokrasisinde uzun yıllar görev yapmış bir aileye mensup olan Adudüddîn İbnü’l-Müslime babası İzzüddîn Abdullah b. Hibetullah’ın vefatıyla birlikte onun yerine üstâdârlığa tayin edilmiştir. Bundan sonraki süreçte etkinliği giderek artan Üstâdâr İbnü’l-Müslime, Vezir İbn Hübeyre’nin zehirlenerek aniden vefat etmesiyle bu makama atanması muhtemel en güçlü aday olarak öne çıkmıştır. Ancak Halife Müstencid, Adudüddîn İbnü’l-Müslime’nin yerine Bağdat’taki siyasî çevrelerle doğrudan bir irtibatı bulunmayan Vâsıt nâzırı (idareci/müfettiş) Ebû Ca‘fer Ahmed b. el-Beledî’yi vezirliğe tayin etmiştir. İdarî açıdan nüfuzunun engellenmek istendiğini anlayan İbnü’l-Müslime ise dönemin etkili şahsiyetlerinden Emîr Kutbüddîn Kaymâz’la ittifak kurmuş ve birlikte Müstencid’i bertaraf ederek Müstazî’yi tahta çıkarmışlardır. Müstazî de ilk icraat olarak İbnü’l-Müslime’yi vezirliğe, Emîr Kaymâz’ı ordu komutanlığına, İbnü’l-Müslime’nin oğlu Kemâlüddîn’i üstâdârlığa tayin etmiştir. Bu çalışma İbnü’l-Müslime ailesinin Abbâsî idarî tarihindeki en etkili şahsiyetlerinden olan Adudüddîn İbnü’l-Müslime’nin bir üstâdâr ve vezir olarak siyasî ve idarî hadiseler üzerindeki rolünü incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bunun için öncelikle Adudüddîn’in ailesi, yetişmesi, üstâdârlık yaptığı dönemde Halife Müstencid ve sabık vezir İbnü’l- Beledî ile ilişkileri, ayrıca Vezir İbn Hübeyre’nin zehirlenmesinde herhangi bir etkisinin olup olmadığı meselesi üzerinde durulmuştur. Ardından Müstencid’in öldürülmesi ve Müstazî’nin halife olmasındaki rolü, vezirliğe tayin edilmesi ve Emîr Kaymâz’la girdiği iktidar mücadelesi ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca konu bütünlüğünü sağlamak amacıyla, Adudüddîn İbnü’l-Müslime’nin çevresindeki şahısların birbiriyle ilişkilerine de işaret edilmiştir. Bu anlamda üstlendiği bürokratik görev sebebiyle dönemin nüfuz sahibi bir diğer şahsiyeti olan Sâhibülmahzen İbnü’l-Attâr’la Emîr Kaymâz arasındaki mücadeleye özellikle değinilmiştir. Son olarak İbnü’l-Müslime’nin Halife Müstazî ile arasının açılması ve öldürülmesi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
Did Andreas Vesalius’s De Humani Corporis Fabrica and/or Juan Valverde’s Historia De La Composicion Del Cuerpo Humano Really Influence the Anatomy Knowledge in the Ottoman Empire? A Preliminary Study on Shams al-Dīn ʿItāqī’s Tashrīh al-Abdān*
Authors: Acıduman Ahmet , Aşkit Çağatay , Acıduman Gözde
Published: August 2021

Aim of this study was to determine whether Vesalius and Valverde influenced Shams al-Dīn ʿItāqī considering the figures and several statements in Tashrīḥ al-Abdān wa Tarjamān Qibāla Faylasūfān. The statements and figures in illustrated copies of ʿItāqī’s book were examined and compared to those in Galen’s, Avicenna’s, Vesalius’s, and Valverde’s works, then the findings were evaluated. ʿItāqī’s book contains some figures only from Vesalius and/or Valverde’s works, but there is no new explanation related to issues such as the mandible, the sacrum, the rete mirabile, and the uterus. The Latin edition of Valverde’s book published in 1607 was probably the source of the Western-originated illustrations in the manuscript Hüsrev Paşa, Nr. 464 and of all the Western-based illustrations, except for the female figure in the manuscript of Istanbul University, Turkish Manuscripts, TY 2662. Spanish and/or Italian and/or Latin (1589) editions of Valverde’s book were the sources of most of the Western-originated illustrations, except the human skeleton figure in the manuscript of Prof. Uzluk’s personal collection. The information given by the works of Vesalius and Valverde has not influenced the explanations of ʿItāqī. ʿItāqī wrote his book according to the classical anatomical knowledge in the Islamic world of his era and he added Eastern- and Western-originated figures to his book to support/strengthen his statements. Or ʿItāqī work Tasrīḥ al-Abdān originally contained no illustrations. However, later, scribes/copiers added Eastern- and Western-originated anatomical figures to the book to support/strengthen statements at different times.
Experimental Study of Rigid and Flexible Tandem Wing for Micro Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Wan Mazlina Wan Mohamed  , Mohd Azmi Ismail  , Muhammad Ridzwan Ramli  , Aliff Farhan Mohd Yamin  , Koay Mei Hyie  , Hamid Yusoff
Published: August 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicle is becoming increasingly popular each year. Now, aeronautical researchers are focusing on size minimization of unmanned aerial vehicle, especially drone and micro aerial vehicle. The lift coefficient of micro aerial vehicle has wing dimension of 12 cm and mass of less than 7 g. In the present study, with the aid of 3D printer, polylactic acid material was used to develop the micro aerial vehicle structure for tandem wing arrangement. The materials for rigid wing skin and flexible wing skin were laminating film and latex membrane, respectively. The present work elaborates the lift coefficient profiles on rigid wing skin and flexible wing skin at wing flapping frequency of 11 Hz, three different Reynolds numbers of 14000, 19000 and 24000, and five different angles of attacks between 0° and 50°. According to the results obtained, the lift coefficient decreased as the Reynolds number increased. The lift coefficient increased up to 9 as the angle of attack increased from 0° to 50° at the Reynolds number of 14000 for flexible wing skin. The results also showed that the lift coefficient of flexible wing skin was higher than that of rigid wing skin at the attack angle of10° and below, except for the Reynolds number of 14000.
Socialização do risco e o seguro obrigatório DPVAT de responsabilidade civil
Authors: Fernandes Micaela Barros Barcelos , Almeida Jonathan Oliveira
Published: August 2021

O sistema de responsabilização civil passou por grandes transformações desde o seu surgimento. Hoje, principalmente com os avanços do que se denomina de revolução tecnológica, multiplicaram-se as hipóteses de [atividades de] risco a ensejar eventual dever de reparar. Nesse contexto, a Constituição de 1988 consagrou sistemática principiológica que propiciou ao instituto da responsabilidade civil uma mudança de paradigma, trazendo como seus fundamentos ético-jurídicos a solidariedade social e a justiça social, o que possibilitou um giro que transpôs o olhar do ordenamento para a vítima do dano. A mudança de perspectiva contribuiu, também, para o desenvolvimento de mecanismos de socialização do risco, entre eles, o seguro obrigatório de responsabilidade civil. Nesse cenário, o presente estudo tem por escopo central apresentar o DPVAT, espécie de seguro obrigatório de responsabilidade civil, para cobertura de danos pessoais causados por veículos automotores de vias terrestres, que sofreu questionamento em face da edição da MP 904/2019. Apesar da perda da validade da MP sem sua aprovação pelo Congresso Nacional, busca-se aqui trazer elementos para futuro debate da matéria, que não restou pacificada pela simples não apreciação em sede legislativa.
Limitação das indenizações por extravio de bagagens no transporte aéreo internacional
Authors: Correia Atalá
Published: August 2021

Partindo da análise do papel que a informação desempenha nos contratos enquanto instrumento de troca econômica, o artigo avalia, à luz das diretrizes traçadas pelo STF, a eficiência da aplicação do sistema de regras da Convenção de Varsóvia nos casos de indenização por extravio de bagagens no transporte aéreo internacional. Busca-se também evidenciar como as indenizações judiciais compõem a estrutura de custos do transporte aéreo, como a limitação da responsabilidade diminui a assimetria de informações e favorece a alocação justa de custos e preços.
Time Dependent Properties of Concrete: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Dinkha Youkhanna Z. , Yousif Salim T.
Published: August 2021

This work summarizes the prediction models for creep strain that taken place in concrete under compression as well as under tension and shear. In literature, many researchers have carried out experimental studies on creep, RILEM has gathered these experimental results within a computerized data bank. This work briefly reviews the most widely used models and can predict observations up to 5000 days assessed by ACI209R-1992 Model, B3 Model, CEB C99 Model, GL 2000 Model, BS 8110 (1985), and AS3600 (1988). Since creep is one of the most important time-dependent properties of concrete as it increases cracking and harmfully distresses the function, durability, and structural appearances. The objective of this work is to understand the behavior of concrete when creep strain takes place at different ages by incorporating spreadsheets which simplify the calculations for engineers when estimating the creep strain for the design purpose. Based on the RILEM data bank, most of the studies confirm that the GL2000 Model is the closest to the experimental results.
Introduction
Authors: Grajales Jacobo , Vadot Guillaume
Published: August 2021

Vingt ans après le début du boom des commodities , qu’en est-il des formes d’autorité politique qui prévalent dans les espaces dédiés à l’extraction des matières premières et souvent présentés comme les nouvelles frontières du capitalisme ? En prenant pour terrains d’enquêtes des sites miniers, pétroliers, métallurgiques et agro-industriels ainsi que les entreprises qui les exploitent, les contributions rassemblées dans ce dossier témoignent toutes des complications que subit, au local, le projet de cantonnement de l’État dans un rôle de courtier pour les investisseurs. La présente introduction se propose de revenir sur les processus qui produisent, le plus souvent à leur corps défendant, ces ancrages politiques et sociaux des entreprises extractives. Le recul historique dont on dispose depuis la grande vague de privatisations et de libéralisation économique de la fin des années 1990 permet désormais d’observer ces nouveaux espaces extractifs dans la durée et dans leur quotidienneté. Au vu de la résurgence de mécanismes de représentation et de formes d’autorité qui, nourries souvent par des mobilisations locales contestataires, échappent aux entreprises et parviennent même souvent à s’emparer d’un certain degré d’étaticité, il nous apparaît manifeste que ces dernières ne sont pas les enclaves extractives qu’un certain imaginaire du capitalisme contemporain continue à postuler. Au contraire, ces processus incrémentaux tendent à en faire des parties prenantes de territoires politiques négociés et qu’il s’agit de prendre au sérieux.
Quelle transition l’eau doit-elle servir ? La politisation de la transition écologique dans les industries hydroélectrique et agricole
Authors: Thomas Arnaud
Published: August 2021

Mises en cause par les politiques de continuité écologique des cours d’eau qui visent à restaurer la biodiversité aquatique, l’article montre comment la défense des activités industrielles hydroélectrique et agricole passe par la politisation de leur rôle dans l’adaptation au changement climatique. Les acteurs de ces industries cherchent moins à dépolitiser la question de l’eau qu’à réaffirmer sa dimension politique en fournissant d’autres problématisations et d’autres cadres d’interprétation de l’urgence écologique. L’article s’appuie sur une analyse du travail politique multiscalaire des acteurs de ces industries à travers une cinquantaine d’entretiens et des éléments de la littérature grise. Les résultats montrent que la politisation de l’enjeu climatique leur permet de transformer les cadres de légitimation de la politique de l’eau et de reproduire leurs usages industriels des cours d’eau. Les résultats invitent enfin à observer la transition écologique moins comme un objet homogène opposé à d’autres principes d’action qu’à travers les usages politiques concurrentiels qui en sont faits.
Comprehensive Approach to Tackle Systemic Failure in Gas Lift Valves in Pre Salt Wells
Authors: Real Elaine Daniele M P C , Silva Thiago Geraldo , Ciribelli Otavio Borges , Sanomya Tatiana
Published: August 2021

This work describes a comprehensive approach to tackle systemic failure in gas lift valves in pre-salt wells. Failure analyses in gas lift valves were performed after unexpected early failures leading to tubing-annulus communication. Understanding the root causes of this problem generates value for assets, increasing equipment life, preventing unnecessary workover, and reducing costs.

Suspect failed valves are systematically removed from the wells, usually by slick-line workovers, and brought to an onshore workshop, where their integrity and mechanical functionality can be analyzed. The valve's run life, equipment model and manufacturer, annular fluid, flow through the gas lift valve, operational pressure and temperature, composition of reservoir fluids and solids deposition were verified.

Besides, transient simulations were carried out to provide insights on the root causes of the failure. Also, a good understanding on how each valve works, including its engineering design, was necessary to thoroughly understand the failure process.

The study of gas-lift injection valves early failure in pre-salt wells have been an excellent way to understand the life cycle of production wells before the need to start lift gas injection. That leads to a comprehensive understanding about the effects of the fluids left in annulus and have supported Petrobras in most effectively managing of well integrity and workover costs.

The analysis incorporates the impact of oil production, water cut, completion type, annular fluid composition, anti-scaling fluid injection (composition and efficiency) and the differential pressure between the tubing of the annulus in the valve failure model. The composition of the deposit found inside the valves and the production history of the well were essential to assemble the puzzle of how the failure mechanism works. With the acquired knowledge, it has been possible to apply barriers to avoid future events of unwanted tubing-annulus communication arising from gas-lift valve failures.

This article provides a methodology and examples for a most effective understanding of the gas-lift valves failure mechanisms and their root causes, which proved to be a valuable tool for the artificial lift design and for the planning of well operations. That has contributed to maximize equipment life, cost reduction and, at last, generating value for the company.
Selecting a Product for Wax Remediation: From Characterization of Field Wax Deposits to Improvement of Treatment Sustainability
Authors: Aguiar Janaina I. S. , Pontifes Antonio A. , Rogers Jonathan , Mahmoudkhani Amir
Published: August 2021

Wax deposition is one of the known challenges of flow assurance management in upstream oil production and operations demanding continuous improvements and the search for more effective prevention and remediation methods. At the same time, there are no universally agreed upon test methods to evaluate the efficiency and mechanisms related to the chemical treatments. The objective of this paper is to present and debate different methods to evaluate the effectiveness of batch treatments for remediation of wax deposits and compare commonly applied solvents with fluids containing biosurfactants. One of the presented methods is a new test methodology that simulates dynamic and quasi-static flow regimes in production tubing and pipelines, as benchmarked methods, showed that the chemical treatments with biosurfactants, besides being a greener, sustainable option, were more efficient at dispersing wax deposits than the traditional solvent treatments.
A Case Study for Graded Material Development
Authors: Chen Wei , Cachinhasky Alexandre , Yates Chad , Anisimov Mikhail , Speights John , Overstreet James , Avagliano Aaron
Published: August 2021

Tungsten carbide hardfacing offers superior wear resistance in a wide range of oil and gas applications. However, for designs of complex geometries, trade-offs often need to be made between manufacturing robustness and service lifecycle based on limited choices of conventional deposition processes. An additive manufacturing (AM) functionally graded tungsten carbide using laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) is developed in an integrated numerically controlled multi-axis machining center with multi-material feeding capability. Essential process parameters are optimized using design of experiment (DOE). Graded structure is shown to reduce crack density. Erosion performance of the L-DED tungsten carbide is on par with commercial high velocity air fueled (HVAF) tungsten carbide coating. The study demonstrates that L-DED-based graded material strategy can significantly improve the robustness of the fabrication process and the expected service reliability. It opens up opportunities involving other hard materials, transition materials, grading strategy by thickness and/or by location.
A Novel Subsea Actuator to Electrify Small-Bore Valve
Authors: Orth Alexandre , Hendrix Gottfried , Kubacki Markus , Duarte da Silva Pedro Joao , De Negri Juliano Victor
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the development and qualification of a novel Subsea Electric Actuator, especially designed for rotary small-bore valves. One of the main challenges was to design an electric actuator which is as compact as the existing hydraulic actuators, but able to provide a fail-safe mechanism by field-proven springs and full integration of all necessary components, including the electric drive and controls, inside of a compact enclosure. Furthermore, the design team had to considerably reduce its power consumption and weight in comparison to existing solutions. Finally, the system was designed for lean manufacturing, allowing considerable cost-saving benefits for all the partners due to extensive standardization work. The paper shows the engineering requirements obtained by interviewing different users, the design methodology applied and the qualification of the new system up to TRL 3 with Digital Twin and Rapid Prototyping. Finally, an outlook is presented with the planned TRL 4 and TRL 5 qualification tests and a summary of the technical and economic benefits for the users of this novel Subsea Valve Actuator.