bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZATION OF TERRORISTIC EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS AND RELATED PROBLEMS
Authors: REĆKO Judyta
Published: November 2022

Improvised Explosives Devices (IEDs) are a lethal threat to soldiers in hostilities. Until now, their use has been characteristic of the military conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan. Currently, IEDs are also used in the war in Ukraine. Their popularity is mainly due to easy access to explosives and pyrotechnics (e.g. from unexploded bombs), and chemical reagents, as well as specialistic knowledge that can be obtained online. These factors contribute to creation of effective means of combat, capable of destroying manpower and enemy's military equipment at a minimal cost and amount of work. Currently, problem of improvised explosives is particularly serious due to the fact that virtually everyone is able to make high-energy materials at home, using commercially available chemical reagents or obtaining them from unexploded explosives, and using simple tools. The matter is further complicated by the fact that, as a result of experiments, newer and newer explosives are created in "home laboratories". Those explosives are not yet widely known and tested, which increases the risk associated with IED. In this article, explosives used by terrorist groups and amateurs of pyrotechnics have been analyzed and characterized. The problem of universal access to knowledge and materials necessary to construct explosives was also discussed.
Genetic studies in cucumber involving Cucumis hardwickii derived lines and gynomonoecious lines
Authors: SINGH A K , PAN R S , BHAVANA P
Published: November 2022

The present investigation which aims to improve fruit yield and widen the genetic base in cucumber by use of Cucumis hardwickii derived lines and gynomonoecious lines was conducted at ICAR-RCER Research Centre, Ranchi during 2002â€“14. For this purpose crossing was initiated using a C. hardwickii line and cultivated cucumber. Simultaneously, gynoecious condition was transferred to the cultivated cucumber through an exotic collection EC- 399587. Five stable lines from each experiment were obtained after continuous selection and selfing was done up to 10 generations. Twenty eight crosses were made using the four gynomonoecious lines, three C. hardwickii derived lines and a collection from North East. Combining ability studies revealed predominance of non additive gene effects for number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, yield, node at which first female flower appears and days to 50% flowering. HACGM-3, HAC-158 and HAC-159 showed significant GCA effects for number of fruits per plant, yield per plant and yield. It indicated that the increase in number of pistillate flowers in gynomonoecious lines and sequential fruiting habit of C. hardwickii had contributed to the increase in yield and yield components. These genotypes are superior and can be used in cucumber improvement program. Based on SCA effects, hybrid vigour vis-a-vis mean performance and consumer preference, the crosses HACGM-3 Ã— HAC-163 and HAC-160 Ã— HAC-163 were found to be superior and can be directly utilized as promising hybrids. Multivariate analysis of the eight parents based on morphological data grouped them into two main clusters.
Portrait of an agripreneur of India: An acceleration study
Authors: SHARMA AKRITI , BHOOSHAN NEERU , SINGH AMARJEET , DESHMUKH SAGAR S , PATRA SRIKANTA P
Published: November 2022

Entrepreneurship is a way to identify and fulfill a need by creating value for the stakeholders. There is a wide literature available to understand various aspects of entrepreneurship. Through rigorous search of literature, it was found that generally agri-entrepreneurship aka agripreneurship is being related with farm and rural enterprises only rather agripreneurship denotes entrepreneurship in all the areas that are related with agriculture and are a part of the agri produce supply chain. Hence an effort was made to portray an agripreneur of India who belongs to all these areas. For this, a data of 468 respondents was collected, who responded about the problems of agriculture they wish to solve, their business solution, target market and other factors that display the features and thought process of an agripreneur. The data was majorly qualitative in nature. Thematic content analysis was done with the help of Content Analysis Tool (CAT) and investigator triangulation was done to ensure reliability of the analysis. This research will help policymakers to design suitable policies for target people who aspire to venture into agriculture.
Manual de Medicina Interna Hospitalaria Tomo 2
Authors: Lima Oyola Ingrid Anabel , Serrano Coronel Alexis Fernando , Santillán Morocho Stephanie Madelaine , Gaona Bermeo Yessenia del Cisne , Varela Machado Sofía Elizabeth , Tintín Poveda Jenny Elizabeth , Caiminagua Ajila Daniela Estefanía , Orozco Ruiz José Eduardo , Orozco Cruz María de los Ángeles , Ponce Alencastro Jhon Alexander , Rojas Crizon Alejandra Elizabeth , Echeverría Dávila Stefanía Alexandra , Peñafiel Cevallos Rafael Alejandro , Villavicencio Alvear Guillermo Alejandro , Mayo Salazar Samara de las Mercedes , Eras Paccha Karla Rosalia , Picón Jaimes Yelson Alejandro , Orozco Chinome Javier Esteban , Sornoza Choez Evelin Monserrate
Published: November 2022

La presente obra Manual de Medicina Interna Hospitalaria Tomo 2 nos da 19 temas de enfermedades más comunes que tienen la posibilidad de manifestarse en el primer grado de atención, su especificación, diagnóstico y procedimiento de primera linea.
Konflik Tentang Pernikahan: Tinjauan Sosio Historis Ayat 3 Dan 6-9 Surah Al-Nur
Authors: Muin Abd , Masruhan Masruhan
Published: November 2022

Sebagai makhluk yang berkembang biak, sebuah hubungan kedua manusia yang berbeda jenis kelaminnya merupakan sebuah keniscayaan. Oleh karena itu, Islam mengatur hubungan kedua jenis manusia tersebut dengan mensyriatkan pernikahan. Bahkan, pernikahan dikategorikan sebagai ibadah. Dikarenakan pernikahan ibadah, maka Islam datang untuk mengaturnya. Apa yang boleh dan tidak boleh, apa yang harus dan apa yang tidak. Peulis mencoba meneliti ayat yang mengatur sebuah hubungan pernikahan dari ayat-ayat pernikahan yang menyelesaikan konflik dalam konteks pernikahan, sebagaimana pada ayat 3 dari surah al-Nur yang mengatur masalah pra-pernikahan dan 6-9 yang mengatur konflik pasca pernikahan. Penulis menemukan, bahwa keterkaitan antara tafsir  ayat 3 surat al-Nur terletak pada identifikasi perempuan pezina yang dimaksud. Sedangkan keterkaitan antara penafsiran ayat 6-9 surat al-Nur dengan asba>b al-nuzu<l-nya adanya kesimpulan bahwa terlaksananya sumpah li’an merupakan solusi terakhir setelah pengakuan tidak didapat dan suami tidak bisa mendatangkan bukti.
GÖRSEL ANLATI TÜRÜ OLARAK TELEVİZYON VE ŞİDDET ÖĞRENİMİ İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: AÇAR Hüseyin
Published: November 2022

Yaşayan her canlının yaşamını devam ettirme ve yaşamsal gereksinimleri sağlamak zorunda olduğu dikkate alındığında, doğal yaşam alanları içerisinde canlıların, özellikle de insanların doğayı, doğa olaylarını anlama/anlamlandırma ve çevresindeki diğer canlılar ile olan ilişkilerini temellendirmesinde öğrenme, önemli bir etmen olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Yaşamın idame ettirilmesinde öğrenmeye bağlı olarak geliştirilen edimlerden biri olan şiddet, insanlığın başlangıcından itibaren hayatın bir parçası olarak varlığını devam ettirmiş, tarihsel süreç içerisinde kültürel bir olgu olarak da görsel ve işitsel birçok sanatsal yapıtta yer bulmuştur.

Savaşçı nitelikleriyle ön plana çıkan ilkel toplumlarda, varlığın devamı amacıyla gerçekleştirilen şiddet edimi, sözlü kültür döneminde masallar aracılığıyla gelecek nesillere aktarılırken, yazılı kültürle birlikte hikâyeler vasıtasıyla varlığını devam ettirmiştir. Sözlü ve yazılı anlatının ardından sinema ve televizyonun icadı, görsel anlatının ön plana çıkmasını sağlamış ve böylece şiddet olgusuna da yeni bir anlatı alanı yaratmıştır. Teknolojik gelişmelerin yaşandığı 19. yüzyıl ve sonrasında görsel anlatı olanaklarının gelişmesine paralel olarak, bu yeni anlatı türü dâhilinde hazırlanan içerikler, diğer anlatı türlerinde de olduğu gibi hedef kitle üzerinde farklı etkiler oluşmasını sağlamıştır.

Dünya genelinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte yaygınlaşan kitle iletişim araçları ve bu araçlar vasıtasıyla hedef kitleye sunulan içeriklerin olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri bulunmaktadır. Kitle iletişiminde önemli bir unsur olan medya içerikleri genel anlamda hedef kitlenin haberdar olma, bilgi edinme ve yeni şeyler öğrenme ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak üzere hazırlanmaktadır. Ancak son dönemlerde artan rekabet nedeniyle, elinde bulundurduğu hedef kitleyi kaybetmek istemeyen medya organları, izleyici beklentilerine göre içerik üretimi yapmakta, hazırlanan bu içerikler ise özellikle ergenlik dönemindeki bireylerin yanı sıra çocukları hatta yetişkin birçok kişiyi de olumsuz etkilemektedir.
The Arctic and the Youth: New Approaches and Opportunities
Authors: Martchenko N. O. , Sidorov D. M.
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the legislative support and the foundations of youth policy in Russia, some regional concepts and approaches to youth policy, in particular in the Arkhangelsk, Murmansk regions, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) . The authors link the problems of youth policy in the regions of the Arctic zone with the lack of a single document defining the goals and methods of cooperation in the field of youth policy of federal, regional and municipal structures of the Russian Arctic with non-profit organizations, public associations and business structures. It is proposed to develop a special concept of the state youth policy in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The need for such a Concept is due to the need to take into account the special geocultural, economic, demographic, social, geopolitical characteristics of the region and the formation of a holistic, integrated, systematic approach to youth policy in the Arctic zone. The authors argue that the ethnocultural saturation of the Arctic region, the special working conditions and the harsh climate of the North contribute to the formation of a special Arctic spiritual and cultural community. In the very Concept of the youth policy of the regions of the Arctic zone, attention is focused on patriotic and ideological aspects.
Ways of Legislative Support Improvement for the Advanced Development of the Russian Far East and the Arctic
Authors: Kharitonov N. M.
Published: November 2022

The problems of the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation have attracted regular attention of government and scientific figures over the past decades. A number of social, economic, and infrastructural problems slow down the pace of development of this vast region. Sustainability experts develop a range of legislative recommendations, that are capable of accelerating the modernization of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The range of proposed measures includes transport and infrastructure measures (for example, fixing the concept and regulation of seasonal roads, measures to expand and update the fleet of aviation equipment), design and agricultural (for example, the creation / modernization of enterprises for the processing of reindeer products, subsidies for the provision mixed fodder), social (organization of high-tech medical care, updating the system of social guarantees for northerners, development of standards for the development of the urban environment specifically for the Arctic zone) nature.
Eastern Arctic: Opportunities for Integration of Marine Transport into the System of International Transport Corridors
Authors: Zaostrovskikh E. A.
Published: November 2022

Over the past few years, the Northern Sea Route has received increased international attention for a number of reasons. This circumstance makes us take a fresh look at how the maritime transport of the Eastern Arctic can be integrated into the international transport space. In this vein, the patterns of development of the regions of the Eastern Arctic and their seaports are considered. Infrastructural problems and development prospects are identified. The conditions and opportunities for the integration of maritime transport in the Eastern Arctic into the global transport space under the conditions of intensive development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are determined. It is concluded that, first of all, it is necessary to determine the most important and strategically significant infrastructure projects, observing the economic, environmental and social values of the region. Secondly, to synchronize infrastructure and production projects to ensure sustainable economic growth and territorial connectivity of the region, which will ensure the development of production facilities, remove infrastructure restrictions and attract additional transit cargo.
Analisis APBD Perspektif Islamic Human Development Index Kota Bogor Tahun 2021
Authors: Shalahuddin Hizbi
Published: November 2022

I-HDI stands for Islamic Human Development Index which is used as a measuring tool for human development in an Islamic perspective. In formulating the I-HDI, the guidelines for the objectives of sharia or maqashid sharia are used as an indicator of human needs both materially and spiritually. The purpose of this study is to describe the budget for health, education and economics from the perspective of the Islamic Human Development Index in the Bogor City in 2021 . The research method used is descriptive quantitative. Based on the regional government program of the Bogor City, the results show that the health, education and economic budgets are in line with the objectives of the I-HDI. The highest budget is occupied by the education budget of Rp 492.984.200.958, health budget of Rp. 289.239.714.720 and an economic budget of Rp. 82.369.922.609. Then for the results of the I-HDI calculation, each index gets an average value for five years. The ad Dien index is 0,778 the an Nafs index is 0.828, the al 'aql index is 0,642 the Nasl index is 2.815 and the al Maal index is 4.29. From these results, there are several aspects in the execution of the program that have not been carried out optimally. So that it has an impact on the lack of I-HDI numbers on the al aql index and the Nafs index.e

Keywords: The Local Budget (APBD), Islamic Human Development Index, Human Development Index
Повышение электрической прочности ускоряющей системы малогабаритного ускорителя ионов
Authors: Каньшин И.А.
Published: November 2022

Настоящая работа посвящена изучению влияния на электропрочность ускоряющей системы малогабаритного ускорителя ионов запыления внутренней поверхности изолятора, а также “тройных” точек и кромок электродов, имеющих малый радиус кривизны. Для этого выполнялись расчёты электрических полей в ускоряющей системе, позволившие выявить участки с локальным повышением напряженности электрического поля. Приведены результаты расчетов, демонстрирующие возможность снижения локальной напряженности электрического поля в ускоряющей системе за счет изменения геометрии высоковольтного электрода и конструкции изолятора
Material processing using arc plasmatrons with thermochemical cathodes
Authors: Anshakov A. , Domarov P. , Faleev V.
Published: November 2022

To heat oxygen-containing media in various technological processes, a special class of electric arc plasma generators is used, which use a thermochemical cathode based on hafnium or zirconium. Information about such electrodes is given and their performance in plasmatrons for cutting metals, spraying powder materials, heating gases with a power of 10–50 kW is shown.
Diffuse vacuum arc discharge with heated cathode made of mixture of ceramic and metal powders
Authors: Usmanov R.A. , Melnikov A.D. , Polistchook V.P. , Vetrova S.B.
Published: November 2022

The paper present results of an experimental study of a plasma flow parameters generated by a vacuum arc discharge with heated cathode made of mixture of ceramic and metal powders. The discharge existed in a diffuse mode of cathode current attachment. The diffuse mode was characterized by relatively low values of cathode current density (10–100 A/cm 2 ), absence of significant voltage oscillations and stable glow of plasma formation. The data on mean charge of the arc plasma flux, ion energies and ion composition measured by time-of-flight mass spectroscopy method were obtained. It was shown that chromium is a main source of the plasma forming medium when cerium dioxide is a main source of electrons of thermionic emission. Obtained results can be useful in designing of stable plasma sources of multi-component condensed substances for wide range of applications from deposition of composite coatings to plasma mass separation.
Conical structures on the surface of a liquid with surface ionic conductivity: the space charge effect
Authors: Belyaev M. , Zubarev N. , Zubareva O.
Published: November 2022

Conical structures arising on the surface of a liquid with surface conductivity in an electric field are considered taking into account the influence of space charge of particles emanating from the cone apex. It is demonstrated that the field distribution problem admits an exact self-similar solution corresponding to the Taylor scaling law. This solution allows us to determine the relation between the total electric current flowing through the cone and the cone and space-charge region half-angles. The structure of this relation is quite sophisticated; it changes essentially with changing the permittivity of a liquid and the mobility of carriers.
Numerical simulation of the features and regularities of the high-power density ion beam formation
Authors: Ryabchikov A.I. , Tarakanov V.P.
Published: November 2022

The development of methods to modify materials based on the synergy of high-intensity implantation and simultaneous energy exposure is intended at creating deep ion-doped layers. For this purpose, it is proposed to use pulsed and repetitively-pulsed beams of metal and gas ions with micro- submillisecond duration with a high-pulsed power density. The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of the pulsed and repetitively-pulsed high-intensity ion beam formation. Simulations were performed using the Karat code. The ballistic focusing of heavy ions was studied at injection current from 0.1 to 1 A. The influence of the ion current density, accelerating voltage, ion charge composition, and conditions for neutralizing the beam space charge on the high-power ion beam transport and focusing has been studied. The conditions for the virtual anode appearance have been determined and studied. It has been found that for long durations of ion beam formation at low pressures of the residual atmosphere, multiple appearance and disappearance of a virtual anode is possible. The possibility of ballistic formation of ion beams with a pulse density of hundreds of kilowatts per square centimeter is shown.
The production of calcium nitrate by the air high-voltage ac plasma torch
Authors: Popov S.D. , Popov V.E. , Subbotin D.I. , Surov A.V. , Serba E.O. , Nikonov A.V. , Nakonechny Gh.V. , Spodobin V.A.
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the production of calcium nitrate by the plasma method. A method is proposed that can be used in small-tonnage production of nitrogen mineral fertilizers. It is an alternative to the traditional Haber method, which has a number of significant drawbacks. The nitrogen oxides used were obtained using a high-voltage AC plasma torch, which has improved performance characteristics. Specific energy consumption is 8.88 kWh/kg of calcium nitrate, which is somewhat higher than in traditional methods for producing nitrogen fertilizers.
Моделирование температурных полей в мишенях при совмещении импульсно-периодической высокоинтенсивной имплантации ионов и энергетическом воздействии на поверхность
Authors: Иванова А. , Сивин Д. , Корнева O. , Блейхер Г.
Published: November 2022

Методы модификации поверхностных и приповерхностных слоев материалов и покрытий ионными пучками находят применение во многих областях науки и техники. Метод высокоинтенсивной имплантации пучками ионов высокой плотности мощности субмиллисекундной длительности предполагает значительный импульсный разогрев приповерхностного слоя, облучаемой мишени, с последующим быстрым его охлаждением за счет отвода тепла внутрь материала благодаря теплопроводности и реализацию импульсно- периодической радиационно-усиленной диффузии атомов на глубины, превышающие проективный пробег ионов. В работе методом численного моделирования исследуется динамика изменения температурных полей в мишенях при одноимпульсном и импульсно- периодическом воздействиях пучков ионов субмиллисекундной длительности с импульсной плотностью мощности до 35 кВт/см2. При моделировании используются различные материала мишени, существенно отличающиеся по своим характеристикам. Определены условия, при которых в ионно-легируемом слое значение температуры будет соответствовать условиям радиационно-стимулированной диффузии имплантируемого элемента, а температура в матричном материале не приведет к ухудшению его микроструктуры и свойств.
Изменения зарядового состава ионов в потоке плазмы под влиянием многократной обработки наноструктурированной поверхности вольфрамового катода микросекундной вакуумной дугой
Authors: Земсков Ю.А. , Уйманов И.В. , Мамонтов Ю.И. , Баренгольц С.А.
Published: November 2022

В работе исследовалось изменение зарядового состава ионов вольфрама по мере разрушения наноструктурированного слоя на поверхности вольфрамового образца многократными вакуумными дуговыми разрядами микросекундной длительности. Измерения состава плазмы проводились при помощи спектрометра Томсона с автоматической регистрацией сигнала и цифровой обработкой данных. Результаты анализа данных показали монотонное увеличение среднего заряда ионов вольфрама в ходе эксперимента с 1–1.5 до 2–2.5. Высокий разброс параметров состава плазмы от разряда к разряду, а также тот факт, что уровня среднего заряда, характерного для ординарного вольфрамового катода (3.07) достичь не удалось, объясняются периодическим вовлечением в разряд неэродированных участков наноструктурированной поверхности.
Влияние мощного импульсного ионного пучка на топографию поверхности тантала
Authors: Лигачев A.E. , Жидков M.В. , Колобов Ю.Р. , Потемкин Г.В. , Лукашова M.В. , Ремнев Г.Е. , Павлов С.К. , Тарбоков В.А.
Published: November 2022

Поверхность тантала облучали мощным импульсным ионным пучком на ускорителе ТЕМП Томского политехнического университета (Cn+, ускоряющее напряжение 200±10 kV, плотность энергии в импульсе 2.6–3 Дж/cм2). Изменение топографии поверхности тантала после воздействия мощного импульсного ионного пучка исследовали с помощью растровой электронной микроскопии. Изменения рельефа и структуры поверхности образцов Та изучали методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии.
The effect of annealing in air on the physicochemical properties of CeF3 nanoparticles produced by pulsed electron evaporation
Authors: Ilves V. , Malova O. , Murzakaev A. , Sultanova T. , Sokovnin S. , Uimin М. , Ulitko M. , Zuev M.
Published: November 2022

The present work continues to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of CeF3 nanopowder (NP) produced using the method of pulsed electron beam evaporation (PEBE) in vacuum. The resulting NP was isothermally annealed in air at the temperature of 200, 300 and 500 °C for 30 minutes. XRD showed that the cubic phase CeO2 formed in NP CeF3after annealing at the temperature of 500 °C. The intensity of photoluminescence of NP CeF3 decreased non-monotonically with an increase in the annealing temperature, the appearance of the oxide phase CeO2led to an increase in the intensity of photoluminescence. The paramagnetic response of the NP decreased after annealing. The addition of not annealed NP CeF3 to tumor culture HeLa and non-neoplastic Vero culture resulted in a 20–35% reduction in cell viability at all NP concentrations in the aqueous suspension. The obtained data show the low cytotoxicity of NP CeF3to tumor and non-tumor cells. Improved texture parameters indicate the prospect of using CeF3 as a nanocontainer to deliver various dosage forms in biomedicine.
Tailoring of optical, mechanical and surface properties of high-entropy ceramic thin films
Authors: Zenkin S. , Gaydaychuk A. , Mitulinsky A. , Linnik S.
Published: November 2022

In this article we show the optical, mechanical and surface properties change depending on the Hf-Zr-Ce-Y-O thin film composition. Hf4Zr4CeY2O21shows up to three times higher hardness compared to binary HfZrO4oxide and up to 50% higher hardness compared to cubic ZrO2 and HfO2due to the solid solution hardening effect. Equimolar film exhibit a high transmittance >85% and high hydrophobicity with the water contact angle ≈106°. Variation of the elemental composition in Hf-Zr-Ce-Y-O is allows to simultaneously tune mechanical and wetting properties for the optimum configuration depending on the application.
Электронно-ионно-плазменное легирование поверхностного слоя аустенитной стали медью
Authors: Иванов Ю. , Петрикова Е. , Тересов А. , Прокопенко Н. , Петюкевич М.
Published: November 2022

Работа посвящена анализу результатов, полученных при исследовании структурно-фазового состояния аустенитной стали марки 12Х18Н10Т, подвергнутой высокоскоростному поверхностному легированию медью путем облучения системы «пленка (Cu) / (сталь 12Х18Н10Т) подложка» импульсным электронным пучком. Установлено, что высокоскоростное охлаждение стали, инициированное облучением импульсным электронным пучком системы «пленка (Cu) / (сталь 12Х18Н10Т) подложка», привело к формированию поверхностного слоя с низким (относительно стали в исходном состоянии) уровнем микротвердости и повышенным значением износостойкости. Выявлен двухстадийный механизм распада твердого раствора в системе «пленка (Cu) / (сталь 12Х18Н10Т) подложка», облученной импульсным электронным пучком. При длительности воздействия пучка электронов 50 мкс наблюдается образование наноразмерных частиц фазы Fe0.5Cu0.5, имеющей ОЦК кристаллическую решетку. При увеличении длительности воздействия пучка электронов до 200 мкс в поверхностном слое стали образуется фаза состава Fe0.7Cu0.3, имеющая ГЦК кристаллическую решетку.
Preparation of copper oxide films on alumina in a hot-target HiPIMS process
Authors: Lisenkov V.Yu. , Kaziev A.V. , Ageychenkov D.G. , Tumarkin A.V. , Kolodko D.V. , Kharkov M.M. , Kukushkina M.S. , Zaripova M.M.
Published: November 2022

Copper oxide thin films are widely used in many fields, such as solar cells, optoelectronics, catalysis, biosensors, photoelectrochemical sensors, supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, infrared photodetectors, electrochemical sensors, and gas sensors. They can also be applied to improve adhesion of comparatively thick copper coatings for ceramic PCB metallization. Here, we report the results of CuxOydeposition on alumina substrates in a hot-target HiPIMS discharge. The experiments were carried out in a magnetron deposition facility with thermally insulated copper target. CuxOy films with thickness around 2–3 μm were prepared. Their structure was studied with scanning electron microscope, and the composition was measured by EDS and XRD methods. The results showed predominant growth of stoichiometric CuO films. The correlations between deposition parameters and coating characteristics are discussed.
Stress evolution in NiCoFeCrMn and NiCoFeCr high-entropy alloys irradiated by helium and krypton ions
Authors: Belov M.M. , Ivanov I.A. , Uglov V.V. , Zlotski S.V. , Jin K. , Stepanjuk N.A. , Ryskulov A.E. , Kozlovskiy A.L. , Koloberdin M.V. , Kurakhmedov A.E. , Sapar A.D.
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the results of coarse-grained (80 and 100 μm) bulk high-entropy alloys CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi samples with X-ray diffraction method in non-irradiated and ion irradiated states (He2+, 40 keV, 2×1017 cm-2and Kr14+, 280 keV, 5×1015 cm-2). It is shown, that irradiation causes compressive macrostress development, especially in regions of maximum damage dose and maximum implanted particles concentration. Also helium ion irradiation causes dislocation density increase in irradiated region, and krypton irradiation tends to decrease dislocation density in the area of maximum damage. As observed, more complex CoCrFeMnNi alloys is more resistant to defect formation than more simple CoCrFeNi.
Влияние электронно-пучкового поверхностного многокомпонентного легирования на неупругие свойства никелида титана
Authors: Семин В.О. , Дьяченко Ф.А. , Остапенко М.Г. , Нейман А.А. , Мейснер C.Н. , Лобань В.В. , Мейснер Л.Л.
Published: November 2022

В работе представлены результаты исследований влияния электронно-пучковой обработки никелида титана с поверхностным Ti-Ni-Ta-Si сплавом на параметры неупругости при механических испытаниях кручением. Установлено, что при 20-кратном циклировании диаграммы «нагружения-разгружения» имеют флагообразный вид, типичный для TiNi сплавов с эффектом сверхэластичности, и характеризуются гистерезисом ~ 120 МПа. Показано, что синтез поверхностного сплава на TiNi подложке приводит к снижению напряжения мартенситного сдвига на ~60 МПа, а общая остаточная деформации после 20-циклов испытаний не превышает 0.15% и исчезает при нагреве выше 323 К. Синтезированный слой характеризуется высокими адгезионными и упруго-пластическими характеристиками, демонстрирует малозначительное растрескивание без признаков отслоения при циклической деформации кручением. Таким образом, электронно-пучковый синтез поверхностного сплава не оказывает критического влияния на неупругие свойства системы «Ti-Ni-Ta-Si/TiNi».
Коррозионные свойства циркония, облученного низкоэнергетическим сильноточным электронным пучком
Authors: Пестерев Е.А. , Яковлев Е.В. , Слободян М.С. , Марков А.Б. , Соловьев А.В. , Петров В.И.
Published: November 2022

Представлены результаты исследования коррозионной стойкости циркония при воздействии низкоэнергетическим сильноточным электронным пучком с плотностью энергии от 2.2 до 5.2 Дж/см2. Электрохимические результаты показывают, что после облучения НСЭП потенциал коррозии увеличивался в 2 раз, а ток и скорость коррозии уменьшались в 75 раз.
Thermo-visco-elastic model of powder layer modification by moving heat source
Authors: Knyazeva A.G.
Published: November 2022

The coupled model for laser treatment of plate is presented in this paper. The model takes into account viscoelastic stresses and strains due to temperature and composition change. Heat capacity and viscosity depend on liquid phase fraction. The numerical algorithm is described. Examples demonstrate qualitative features appearing in the model with melting and heat losses into environment. The coupled and non-coupled models give different results.
Синтез пигментов на основе соединений марганца методом горения растворов
Authors: Львов О.В. , Радишевская Н.И. , Назарова А.Ю. , Минин Р.В.
Published: November 2022

Методом горения растворов (цитрат-нитратный синтез) получены керновые пигменты коричнево-бежевой гаммы, ядром которых служит минеральный наполнитель, покрытый твердыми растворами на основе алюмомагнезиальной и марганцевых шпинелей. В качестве исходных реагентов использовали растворы нитратов магния, марганца и алюминия, а в качестве подложки – минерал маршалит. Количественный состав исходных компонентов рассчитывали из соотношения пигмент:маршалит = 1:3. Активное выделение газов в процессе горения облегчает формирование продукта в виде порошка в мелкодисперсном состоянии. Энергетической и газогенерирующей органической добавкой служила гидрокситрикарбоновая лимонная кислота (НООССН)2С(ОН)СООН. Необходимая кислотность раствора регулировалась концентрированным аммиаком. Использование минеральной основы позволяет значительно удешевить синтезируемый пигмент
Экспериментальное исследование получения многослойных композиционных материалов в условиях СВС
Authors: Камынина О.К. , Вадченко С.Г. , Ковалев И.Д. , Прохоров Д.В.
Published: November 2022

Слоистые композиционные материалы Ti/Hf/Ta/Ni/керамика получены из предварительно структурированных образцов с использованием металлических фольг (Ti, Hf, Ta, Ni) и реакционных лент (Ti + 0.65C), (Ti + 1.7B) и (5Ti + 3Si), полученных прокаткой из порошковых смесей, которые при горении формировали керамические слои. Микроструктура, элементный и химический состав многослойных композитов изучены методами СЭМ и РСА. Прочностные характеристики синтезированных материалов определяли по схеме трехточечного нагружения при температурах 25°С и 1100°С. В результате высокотемпературных реакций, протекающих в реакционных лентах, удалось соединить фольги титана, гафния и тантала. Анализ микроструктуры синтезированных образцов показал, что соединение в режиме горения между металлическими фольгами и реакционными лентами, прокатанными из порошковых смесей, обеспечивается за счет реакционной диффузии, взаимной пропитки и химических реакций, протекающих в реакционных лентах и на поверхности металлических фольг. Введение в состав структурированных образцов фольг тантала повышает прочность композиционных материалов (до 275 МПа при 25 °С, до 72 МПа при 1100 °С).
Математическое моделирование нестационарного горения безгазовых систем с конвективным течением расплава
Authors: Лапшин О.В. , Прокофьев В.Г.
Published: November 2022

Одной из особенностей синтеза керамических материалов в режиме горения безгазовых порошковых компактов является плавление и растекание одного или нескольких компонентов гетерогенной системы в матрице тугоплавких компонентов и продуктов реакции. Термокапиллярный механизм течения расплава обусловлен действием сил поверхностного натяжения в пористой среде. В данной работе, наряду с диффузионно-капиллярным массообменом, учитывался конвективный механизм смешения компонентов системы. Было выявлено, что плавление реагента и смачивание расплавом тугоплавкого компонента смеси увеличивает скорость тепловыделения и повышает температуру во фронте горения. Проведены численные расчеты скорости горения бинарной смеси (А)+(В), как основной интегральной характеристики высокотемпературного синтеза. Расчетные зависимости скорости горения от начальной пористости качественно согласуются с экспериментальными данными.
Calculation of the one-dimensional photonic crystals based on diamond
Authors: Chashchin V.V. , Lipatov E.I.
Published: November 2022

A model of a one-dimensional photonic crystal based on diamond has been created and its reflectivity has been calculated. The obtained results of the finite element method calculation are compared with preliminary analytical calculations.
Температурное тушение катодолюминесценции примесно-дефектных центров в алмазе в диапазоне температур 300–800 К
Authors: Бураченко А.Г. , Переседова Д.А. , Крылов А.А. , Рипенко В.С. , Липатов Е.И. , Артёмов К.П.
Published: November 2022

Исследованы спектры катодолюминесценции синтетических алмазных образцов, содержащих различный примесно-дефектный состав, в диапазоне температур от 300 до 800 К. Получены данные о температурном тушении экситонной катодолюминесценции и катодолюминесценции NV центров. Обнаружено, что скорость температурного тушения NV0 центров относительно NV– центров выше в диапазоне температур 300–800 К.
NV¯ center emulation in an external magnetic field
Authors: Kozorez A.V. , Lipatov E.I.
Published: November 2022

The work is devoted to emulating the correlation of a projection of magnetic field vector on axes of nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond lattice with frequencies of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). The projection of the magnetic field on the axes, which reflect the bonds of the carbon atom vacancy with the neighboring carbon atoms and the nitrogen atom, is calculated in this work. The paper highlights the algorithmic representation of the above calculations by software. The dependence of the optically detected magnetic resonance on the direction and magnitude of the magnetic induction vector is demonstrated. In total, there are 4 bonds between the vacancy and neighboring atoms located at an angle of 109.5° relative to each other. Having the magnitude of the ODMR signal, it is possible to reconstruct the vector of the external magnetic field, taking into account its projection angle on the bonds with the vacancy.
Синтез поликристаллических алмазных пленок методом газохимического осаждения из плазмы СВЧ-разряда
Authors: Рипенко В. , Балзовский Е. , Смирнов С. , Линник С. , Липатов Е.
Published: November 2022

Сообщается о получении поликристаллических алмазных пленок на кремниевой подложке методом газохимического осаждения из СВЧ-плазмы в камере-резонаторе при возбуждении от магнетрона мощностью 3 кВт. Уменьшение концентрации метана от 10% до 2.5% относительно водорода приводит к изменению характера кристалличности алмазной пленки от нано- до микромасштаба.
Люминесцентный контроль светодиодных гетероструктур, выращенных методом металлоорганической газофазной эпитаксии на сапфире
Authors: Ли Ц. , Олешко В.И. , Воробьева Л.В.
Published: November 2022

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследовании спектральных и кинетических характеристик импульсной катодо- и фотолюминесценции светодиодных гетероструктур AlGaN/GaN и InGaN/GaN, выращенных методом металлоорганической газофазной эпитаксии на сапфире. Изучено влияние плотности энергии сильноточного электронного пучка на спектральные и амплитудные характеристики люминесценции гетероструктур. Исследовано пространственное распределение люминесцентных характеристик по поверхности выращенных пластин. Обнаружено, что в гетероструктуре InGaN/GaN наблюдается сдвиг максимума спектра стимулированной катодолюминесценции, измеренного в различных точках образца. Этот результат объясняется варьированием состава и толщины квантоворазмерной активной области, что обусловливается не идеальностью технологического процесса выращивания пластин.
Luminescence of coals excited by a pulsed electron beam
Authors: Liskov I.YU. , Aduev B.P. , Belokurov G.M. , Ismagilov Z.R.
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the spectral and kinetic characteristics of the glow of coals from the Kuznetsk basin: brown, long-flame gaseous, gaseous and coke when excited by a pulsed electron beam (240 keV, 25 ns, 20 J/cm2). The glow that occurs in coals as a result of exposure at a temperature of T = 300 K has a luminescent character. The glow intensity increases in 50–100 ns with a subsequent decrease in ≈500 ns. The luminescence spectra of coals are presented at the moment of reaching the maximum luminescence intensity. Against the background of broadband luminescence, a number of narrow bands associated with the luminescence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are observed in all coals.
Features of modeling corpuscular-optical systems for the analysis of charged particle beams
Authors: Kambarova Zh. T. , Saulebekov A.O.
Published: November 2022

The existing directions of modeling corpuscular-optical systems for the analysis of charged particle beams are considered. It is shown that for these classical approaches, significant improvements of characteristics are possible when using the analysis of aberration curves of the dependence of image smearing on the initial opening angle of the charged particle beam. Taking into account the coefficient of linear longitudinal magnification as an additional parameter in calculations also makes it possible to improve the quality of beam focusing. It is shown that when simulating analyzers of charged particle beam by imposing additional conditions, it is possible to significantly expand the functionality of the systems. Additional conditions are imposed for each system individually, based on the specific tasks for which the device is created.
Device for estimation of current and energy density distribution in the cross section of a pulsed submicrosecond electron beam
Authors: Serebrennikov M.A. , Poloskov A.V. , Egorov I.S.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Development stages of sectioned calorimeter system combined with a detector of total electron beam current by Faraday cup for estimating charge and energy distribution of pulsed electron beam are presented. The device design was determined taking into account its use for estimating the parameters of electron beams generated by submicrosecond pulsed accelerators (up to 700 keV, 0.2–10 kA, up to 60 ns at FWHM, 0.05–10 J/cm2).
Ring structure of electron-ion beams ejected by a picosecond high-current electron accelerator
Authors: Baryshnikov V.I. , Paperny V.L. , Chernyh A.B.
Published: November 2022

The results of a study of the parameters of the radial structure of electron-ion beams emitted by a high-voltage vacuum discharge with an extremely high energy deposition rate > 5×1013 A/s are presented. An analysis of the structure of beam imprints on the irradiated anode foil, as well as traces of erosion on the crystalline substrate obtained by the authors earlier, showed that there are rings on a scale of tens of microns, and the energy of accelerated electrons in the central part of the beam is much higher than in the peripheral rings. A possible mechanism providing the observed beam structure is considered.
Prompt γ and neutron spectrometry of intense nanosecond ion bunches collectively accelerated in a Luce diode
Authors: Ryzhkov V.A. , Pyatkov I.N.
Published: November 2022

Instantaneous time-of-flight spectrometry of neutrons (nToF) and γ‑spectrometry from nuclear reactions generated by nanosecond proton and 12C ion bunches collectively accelerated in a Luce diode at a voltage across the diode of 200–300 kV has been thoroughly researched. A two-channel γ‑spectrometer with time resolution of 2.5 ns enables a prompt control of number and energy of collectively accelerated protons in their separate bunches dumped into a sustainable and refractory B4C target. Combination of nuclear reactions 10B(p,αγ)7Be, 12C(p,γ)13N, and 11B(p,γ)12C was used to characterize the intense nanosecond proton bunches with energy and number per shot in excess of 500–750 keV and 6∙1014, respectively. The radioactivity of 7Be and 13N radionuclides was measured with a conventional HP Ge detector to calibrate the prompt technique. The threshold nuclear reaction 11B(p,n)11C was used to perform nToF spectrometry of high-energy protons bunches with energy higher than 3.02 MeV, while 12C(d,n)13N and 2H(12C,n)13N reactions were used to control deuteron and 12C ion bunches.
Optimization of double shell hybrid gas-puff with outer plasma shell for efficient generation of K-shell radiation in the microsecond implosion regime
Authors: Cherdizov R.K. , Kokshenev V.A. , Kurmaev N.E. , Shishlov A.V. , Vagaytsev S.A.
Published: November 2022

Studies of Z-pinch plasma as X-ray source were carried out on the GIT-12 generator (4.7 MA, 1.7 μs) in the IHCE SB RAS, Tomsk. The main purpose of the research was optimization of load parameters for efficient generation of the argon K-shell radiation in the microsecond implosion times. A new type of a Z-pinch load, a hybrid gas-puff with an outer plasma shell, was tested. The inner argon shell was actually a solid gas jet on the axis of the system with a small initial diameter. An outer deuterium shell played the role of an implosion stabilizer for the inner gas jet. The third component was the outer plasma shell that provided the initial conductivity. The combination of deuterium shell together with the outer plasma shell has proved its effectiveness in past experiments providing stable implosion at times of the order of a microsecond. In these experiments, the diameter of the inner argon jet was 20 mm, the diameter of the annular deuterium shell was 81 mm, and the outer plasma shell was generated by 48 plasma guns located at the diameter of 350 mm. To increase the K-shell radiation yield, density profile of Z-pinch matter was changed. K-shell radiation yield increased when the matter of the central argon jet did not propagate from the central region to the periphery. As a result, K-shell radiation yield increased to 1.5 kJ/cm, and the power increased to 535 GW/cm at a peak implosion current of 2.8 MA. This radiation yield reached 70% of the theoretically predicted yield calculated by the two-level model. In our earlier experiments with double shell argon gas-puffs, the efficiency of the K-shell plasma radiation source was only 60%. Thus, we consider the hybrid gas-puff with outer plasma shell as a promising load for our further research of the K-shell radiation generation at microsecond implosion times.
Плазмообразование в сильных магнитных полях на поверхности двухслойных проводников
Authors: Лабецкая Н. , Дацко И. , Чайковский С. , Ванькевич В. , Орешкин В.
Published: November 2022

Ранее было показано, что использование двухслойной структуры проводника с внешним слоем меньшей проводимости приводит как к задержке начала плазмообразования на его поверхности, так и к подавлению развития неустойчивостей плазмы по сравнению с однородным проводником в полях с максимальной индукцией магнитного поля 200–400 Т. В качестве внешнего слоя использовались титан и цирконий, которые наносились на медный или дюралюминиевый проводник методом вакуумного напыления. В экспериментах, проводившихся на установке МИГ (амплитуда импульса тока до 2.5 МА, фронт нарастания тока 100 нс), в качестве внешнего слоя проводника были использованы молибден и висмут, представлявшимися более перспективными с точки зрения увеличения времени задержки плазмообразования и уменьшения скорости разлета уже образовавшейся плазмы. Было экспериментально показано, что использование молибдена и висмута в качестве внешнего слоя двухслойных проводников не приводит к улучшению результатов по сравнению с титаном и цирконием.
Излучение мощных линейно поляризованных сверхширокополосных импульсов субнаносекундной длительности гибридной антенной
Authors: Балзовский Е.В. , Буянов Ю.И. , Ефремов А.М. , Кошелев В.И. , Некрасов Э.С. , Смирнов С.С.
Published: November 2022

Разработан мощный источник сверхширокополосного излучения с гибридной антенной. Гибридная антенна представляет собой офсетный рефлектор, в фокусе которого расположена антенная решетка-облучатель. Элементами антенной решетки являются комбинированные антенны, рассчитанные на возбуждение биполярными импульсами длительностью 0.5 нс. Реализованы режимы работы гибридной антенны при синхронном возбуждении элементов антенной решетки биполярными импульсами напряжения, а также при возбуждении элементов решетки с временной задержкой 1 нс между импульсами – режим сканирования волновым пучком.
Simplified theory of gyro-BWO with zigzag quasi-optical system
Authors: Novak E.M. , Samsonov S.V. , Savilov A.V.
Published: November 2022

The theory of the gyrotron backward-wave oscillator based on a sectioned quasi-optical system with a zigzag trajectory of the operating wave beam is developed. The peculiarities of changing the operating frequency and output signal power in the process of broadband tuning of the generation frequency are explained.
The influence of DC pulse current pattern on the different materials properties of samples obtained by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Thet N.S. , Makhadilov I.M. , Malakhinsk A.P. , Solis P.
Published: November 2022

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) also known as pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) or field-assisted sintering technique (FAST), belongs to a class of powder metallurgy techniques. The fundamental of this technique is appeared over last 50 years ago, but modern SPS technique is appeared within the last 20 years depending on this principle. The variation of this factor is so extensive for each material that only a few papers have been devoted to this research. This review paper summarizes the latest research findings with respect to experimental procedures, densification behaviors, microstructural characteristics, and mechanical properties of various materials synthesized using SPS, mainly highlighting the influence of the electric DC pulse current on the relative density, mechanical and tribological properties of various materials during sintering.