bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revista Científica FAEMA v. 08, n. 2, jul./dez. 2017
Authors: Cavalcante Edson Rodrigues , Soares Edimar Rodrigues
Published: November 2018

A Revista FAEMA é um periódico eletrônico semestral que publica artigos de caráter acadêmico e cientifico originais e inéditos, que tratem de questões sobre ciências da saúde, ciências sociais e humanas, ciências exatas, educação, ciências biológicas e meio ambiente, relacionadas preferencialmente à região amazônica. O periódico aceita colaborações em português, reservando-se o direito de publicar ou não, após avaliação do material submetido espontaneamente. O projeto Revista FAEMA empenha esforços interdisciplinares com o fim de incentivar a publicação científica de dados releva ntes às áreas afins, viabilizando o compartilhamento de dados de pesquisas realizadas na região amazônica, facilitando assim o acesso dos mesmos no cunho acadêmico.
Entrepreneurial opportunity decisions under uncertainty: Conceptualizing the complementing role of personal and cognitive abilities
Authors: Mensah Emmanuel Kwasi , Sadeghi Vahid Jafari
Published: November 2018

Paper develops propositions on the complementing role of entrepreneurial personality traits and cognitive abilities towards opportunity decisions under uncertainty
Uma abordagem longitudinal da contribuição do trauma e da vergonha nos sintomas depressivos em adolescentes
Authors: Cunha Marina , Almeida Rute , Cherpe Sónia , Simões Sónia , Marques Mariana
Published: November 2018

Contexto: A revisão da literatura sobre potenciais fatores preditores dos sintomas depressivos em adolescentes tem mostrado que asexperiências traumáticas durante a infância, as experiências de vergonha e o género têm um contributo relevante.Objetivo: Pretende-se com o presente estudoobservar a variabilidade intraindividual da vergonha, acontecimentos traumáticos e género e testar o poder preditivo destas variáveis a 6 meses na evolução de sintomas depressivos (variável dependente) em adolescentes.Método: A amostra foi constituída por 325 adolescentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos, distribuídos pela zona centro de Portugal e a frequentar o 3.º ciclo do ensino básico e ensino secundário. Foram utilizados o Inventário de Depressão para Crianças, a Escala Breve de vergonha e o Questionário de Trauma na Infância para a avaliação das variáveis referidas. Os resultados longitudinais foram analisados através de uma análise de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Verificou-se uma associação positiva entre experiências relatadas como traumáticas e as perceções de vergonha (T1) e os sintomas depressivos (T2, após 6 meses). O modelo de regressão linear múltipla explicou 63% da variância dos sintomas depressivos no T2, podendo contemplar-se que a pertença ao género feminino, a experiência de sentimentos de vergonha e de acontecimentos percebidos como abuso afetivo, abuso sexual e de negligência emocional (variáveis do trauma) permitiram predizer sintomas depressivos na adolescência.Conclusão: Dado que existe alguma evidência do impacto de acontecimentos traumáticos do tipo abuso/negligência durante a infância e de perceções de vergonha, durante a adolescência no desenvolvimento de sintomas depressivos, será pertinente que estas variáveis sejam tidas em conta, quer na avaliação, quer nas intervenções psicoterapêuticas nesta etapa do desenvolvimento humano. Este estudo contribui para salientar o papel de fatores de vulnerabilidade para os sintomas depressivos na adolescência.
Versão Portuguesa Reduzida da Escala de Avaliação da Aparência de Derriford (DAS-14): análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória
Authors: Mendes José Carlos da Silva , Pereira Vera
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: Pretende-se com este estudo, apresentar uma versão reduzida da Escala de Avaliação da Aparência de Derriford (DAS-24) para a população portuguesa. Método: Após análise de seis amostras recolhidas entre os anos 2010 e 2017, num total de 1016 participantes que responderam a questões relacionadas com o investimento esquemático da aparência e autoconsciência da aparência (DAS-24), solicitou-se autorização aos autores da versão portuguesa e versão original da DAS-24 a redução da escala para 14 itens.Resultados: A DAS-14 apresentou um bom índice de consistência interna, quer na amostra não-clínica (α de Cronbach = 0,91), quer na amostra clínica (α de Cronbach = 0,88). A análise fatorial confirmatória apresentou um ajustamento aceitável, quer para a amostra não clínica (χ2/gl = 1,17; GFI= 0,95; CFI= 0,99; TLI= 0,98; RMSEA= 0,028; p[(RMSEA ≤ 0,05) = 0,92], quer para a amostra clínica (χ2/gl = 1,36; GFI= 0,94; CFI= 0,98; TLI= 0,96; RMSEA= 0,047; p[(RMSEA ≤ 0,05) = 0,56].Conclusões: A DAS-14 apresenta-se psicometricamente robusta na avaliação da autoconsciência da aparência em amostras da população geral e clínica.
Questões emocionais e avaliação em adolescentes e adultos jovens
Authors: Espirito-Santo Helena
Published: November 2018

Este artigo não tem resumo; as primeiras 117 palavras aparecem abaixo.Os artigos do presente número da Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social apresentam estudos relevantes para os interessados na investigação com populações adolescentes e jovens adultos, sendo pesquisados temas especialmente relacionados com a imagem corporal, mas também aspetos relativos a experiências traumáticas de natureza interpessoal no seio destas populações.Nas últimas décadas, as sociedades modernas têm vindo a atribuir um valor excessivo à aparência e forma corporais. Um ideal de um corpo idealmente esbelto e firme, nem sempre acessível, pode envolver consequências negativas para a saúde física e mental. Este ideal é um produto de um momento cultural e tem vindo a expressar-se como insatisfação corporal e distorção da imagem corporal em cada vez mais pessoas.
Managing Conflict in Online Debate Communities: Foregrounding Moderators' Beliefs and Values on Kialo
Authors: Beck Jordan , Neupane Bikalpa , Carroll John M.
Published: November 2018

Kialo is a novel peer production system focused on pro/con debate construction. Teams of moderators vet and accept claims submitted by writers. Moderators also edit and refactor debates as they grow. Thus, moderators play a critical role in cultivating and maintaining debates. Conflict between moderators is typical. It is a feature of argumentation and debate. However, not all conflict is productive. Conflict between moderators can undermine collaboration (by distracting from the task of managing debates) and drive attrition (by discouraging participation on the site altogether). Based on a ten-month participant observation on Kialo, we identify a common source of conflict between moderators: adversarial beliefs and values. Moderators are not neutral participants on Kialo. They take positions on debate topics. We suggest foregrounding these positions, which are potential sources of conflict, through interface design as a scalable solution to conflict management.
Pengelolaan Sub Sektor Peternakan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Melalui Sistem Pertanian yang Terpadu dan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Randu Melkianus D S
Published: November 2018

Sasaran pembangunan sub sektor peternakan di Provinsi NTT cenderung berorientasi pada satu jenis komoditi, bersifat sambilan dan memanfaatkan input produksi pertanian dari luar yang tinggi. Hal ini tentunya memberikan dampak negatif kepada kerusakan lingkungan hidup, keanekaragaman hayati, maupun pemerataan kesejahteraan sosial jika tidak dikelola secara baik. Kerusakan lingkungan yang serius akan memberikan dampak terhadap penurunan produktivitas pertanian, yang pada gilirannya akan mempengaruhi pula terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan maupun pendapatan petani. Oleh sebab itu, pengelolaan sub sektor peternakan Provinsi NTT perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius terutama pada wilayah-wilayah yang memiliki keunggulan baik dari aspek sumberdaya alam, sumberdaya manusia maupun kondisi sosial budaya. Untuk meningkatkan produksi pada sub sektor peternakan sekaligus upaya menjaga kelestarian lingkungan, maka strategi pengelolaan sub sektor peternakan Provinsi NTT mutlak dilakukan secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan melalui berbagai pendekatan, diantaranya: kebijakan usahatani terpadu, kebijakan komoditi terpadu serta kebijakan wilayah terpadu, dengan tetap memperhatikan penjabaran konsep agribisnis yang berkelanjutan, berdaya saing, berkerakyatan dan terdesentralisasi.
Meditation, Stress Processes, and Telomere Biology
Authors: Conklin Quinn , Crosswell Alexandra , Saron Clifford , Epel Elissa
Published: November 2018

Both theoretical and empirical work support the notion that meditation training can improve telomere regulation, which may ultimately contribute to healthy aging. Yet, the psychological and biological mechanisms underlying these changes remain underspecified, as do the contexts and boundary conditions in which these changes occur. Here we summarize studies investigating the effects of various meditation-based interventions on telomere biology, making suggestions for future research. We then propose a model describing how meditation training may impact acute and habitual stress responses as pathways to improved cell aging.
Body-shape diversity in Triassic–Early Cretaceous neopterygian ﬁshes: sustained holostean disparity and predominantly gradual increases in teleost phenotypic variety
Authors: Clarke John , Friedman Matt
Published: November 2018

Comprising Holostei and Teleostei, the ~32,000 species of neopterygian fishes are anatomically disparate and represent the dominant group of aquatic vertebrates today. However, the pattern by which teleosts rose to represent almost all of this diversity, while their holostean sister-group dwindled to eight extant species and two broad morphologies, is poorly constrained. A geometric morphometric approach was taken to generate a morphospace from more than 400 fossil taxa, representing almost all articulated neopterygian taxa known from the first 150 million years—roughly 60%—of their history (Triassic‒Early Cretaceous). Patterns of morphospace occupancy and disparity are examined to: (1) assess evidence for a phenotypically “dominant” holostean phase; (2) evaluate whether expansions in teleost phenotypic variety are predominantly abrupt or gradual, including assessment of whether early apomorphy-defined teleosts are as morphologically conservative as typically assumed; and (3) compare diversification in crown and stem teleosts. The systematic affinities of dapediiforms and pycnodontiforms, two extinct neopterygian clades of uncertain phylogenetic placement, significantly impact patterns of morphological diversification. For instance, alternative placements dictate whether or not holosteans possessed statistically higher disparity than teleosts in the Late Triassic and Jurassic. Despite this ambiguity, all scenarios agree that holosteans do not exhibit a decline in disparity during the Early Triassic‒Early Cretaceous interval, but instead maintain their Toarcian‒Callovian variety until the end of the Early Cretaceous without substantial further expansions. After a conservative Induan‒Carnian phase, teleosts colonize (and persistently occupy) novel regions of morphospace in a predominantly gradual manner until the Hauterivian, after which expansions are rare. Furthermore, apomorphy-defined teleosts possess greater phenotypic variety than typically assumed. Comparison of crown and stem teleost partial disparity indicates that, despite a statistically significant increase in crown teleost disparity between the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous, stem teleosts remained important long-term contributors to overall teleost disparity during this time.
Modeling Monotonic Effects of Ordinal Predictors in Bayesian Regression Models
Authors: Bürkner Paul - Christian , Charpentier Emmanuel
Published: November 2018

Ordinal predictors are commonly used in regression models. They are often incorrectly treated as either nominal or metric, thus under- or overestimating the contained information. Such practices may lead to worse inference and predictions compared to methods which are specifically designed for this purpose. We propose a new method for modeling ordinal predictors that applies in situations in which it is reasonable to assume their effects to be monotonic. The parameterization of such monotonic effects is realized in terms of a scale parameter $b$ representing the direction and size of the effect and a simplex parameter $\zeta$ modeling the normalized differences between categories. This ensures that predictions increase or decrease monotonically, while changes between adjacent categories may vary across categories. This formulation generalizes to interaction terms as well as multilevel structures. Monotonic effects may not only be applied to ordinal predictors, but also to other discrete variables for which a monotonic relationship is plausible. In simulation studies, we show that the model is well calibrated and, in case of monotonicity, has similar or even better predictive performance than other approaches designed to handle ordinal predictors. Using Stan, we developed a Bayesian estimation method for monotonic effects, which allows to incorporate prior information and to check the assumption of monotonicity. We have implemented this method in the R package brms, so that fitting monotonic effects in a fully Bayesian framework is now straightforward.
What’s at the Heart of Anorexia Nervosa? Reconsidering the Physiology of Bradycardia in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Heathers James , Nagata Jason , Murray Stuart
Published: November 2018

Anorexia nervosa (AN)is among the most pernicious, and lethal,of psychiatric disorders, in which starvation-inducedmedical instability oftenrequiresimmediate hospitalization. In mitigating this medical risk, currentguidelines posit that bradycardia, defined as a resting heart rate of less than 50 beats per minute,may serve as a biomarker from which we can infer medical instability in those with AN, with those meeting this criterion requiringurgent hospitalization, medical stabilization and refeeding. However, alongside dietary starvation, a central feature of AN relates to cardiovascular exercise, which is often excessively undertaken as a means to further augment weight loss. Crucially, frequent and intense cardiovascular exercise may also lower one’s resting heart rate, leaving two potential mechanisms underpinning bradycardia in those with AN, which potentially portend differential risk profiles. Here we briefly review the potential co-contribution of exercise and starvation to bradycardia in those with AN, and suggest that the precise delineation of factors underpinning bradycardia in those with AN, and the relative degree of risk therein, is crucial in the precision management of AN.
Factors Influencing Modern Contraceptive Use among Adolescents in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Ranjeeta , Jahan Israt , Baatsen Pam
Published: November 2018

In Nepal, contraceptive use among married adolescents is low and has remained nearly stagnant since 2006, while little information is available about contraceptive use among unmarried adolescents. Nepal is committed to improve sexual and reproductive health rights among all the adolescents. Promoting modern contraceptive use especially among married adolescents is one of the key approaches in practice, to prevent HIV or sexual transmitted infections, avoid unintended pregnancy and sub-sequent unsafe abortion. In spite of these efforts, modern contraceptive use among married adolescents is not increasing. In this study, we aimed to review the prevalence and trends as well as factors influencing modern contraceptive use among both married and unmarried adolescents in Nepal. A review of existing published and unpublished articles, documents, and reports were conducted. An adapted and modified socio-ecological model was used to explore the factors influencing contraceptive use. Contraceptive use is persistently low among adolescents. Various interrelated factors like socio-cultural norms and traditions, lack of comprehensive knowledge on contraceptive methods among adolescents, inadequate adolescent friendly Services and health workers not having the competencies to work with adolescents, are the major influential factors that limit adolescents to seek and use contraceptive services and information. A multilevel approach is required to address the interrelated factors and to create an enabling environment in which adolescent are fully informed and equipped to make use of contraceptives and related services. For this to happen, Government and NGOs working on sexual and reproductive health rights have to work towards translating the existing policies into practice. Involving adolescents, their families and communities; equipping teachers to provide comprehensive sex education within school and sex education programme for out of school and enhancing the competencies of health workers to provide adolescent friendly services – all in line with the written policy - is urgently needed.
Fellowship Training in Nepal: Current Prospects
Authors: Neupane Harish Chandra , Shrestha Niki , Shrestha Bishow Kumar
Published: November 2018

The need of subspecialty training has been acutely felt in Nepal now with the rapid advancement in the field of medical sciences, the changing burden of diseases, the acute shortage of highly specialized health professionals, the evolving concept of learning and medical education and the ever-increasing focus on right and safety of patients.Fellowship Training is obtained in a specific specialty or subspecialty. Fully academic 3-year Fellowship programsin Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Cardiologyhavebeen initiated for certification of the training for the first time in Nepal at Chitwan Medical College (CMC) and all three are recognized by the Nepal Medical Council.The three Fellowship training programs, run in affiliation with Lincoln University, at the CMC have all the training criteria of DM/MCh included along with extra requirement of one more paper publication and the trainees are paid adequate stipend without any tuition fee or bond. The high volume of cases and procedures in CMC, exposes the FCMC Fellows to an increased chance of appropriate skill development along with appropriate postings in various other institutions for adequate experience of hands on training.Fellowship programs are the cornerstone of providing super specialized patient care.The need today is to focus on the basic training concepts and criteria, rather than on various names like diploma, MD, MS, DM/MCh of training.Nepal should focus onthe prerequisites, infrastructure and human resource for expanding the quality Fellowship trainingprograms in the country and thereby enhancing the standard of patient care.
Tapering Healthcare Budget is a red alert for LMIC countries:The example from Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Sharmin , Bhuayan Tofayel Ahmed , Mamun Md Abdullah Al , Rahman Aminur
Published: November 2018

Abstract not availableInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 01 January’19. Page : 5-9
Verification of numerical simulation of suspended matter distribution under marine dumping process
Authors: Jurasov S.M. , Gorun V.V. , Berlinsky N.A.
Published: November 2018

The several of  finite-difference schemes in flat and spatial statement of the dumping processes have been observed. Verification of numerical experiments and model’s calibration is the important phases of mathematical simulation. The results of calculation by fundamental solution are the single corrected source for numerical simulation without data in situ. The several of finite-difference schemes in flat and spatial statement of equation for unsteady turbulent diffusion have been proposed.

The comparison of numerical simulation with calculations based on the fundamental formulas and also with data in situ was done. It was established that the explicit finite-difference scheme is more preferably for the short time intervals. The results of numerical simulation by this scheme correspond with calculation by fundamental formula for the flat statement if coefficient Courant = 0,25 and using comparison of calculations with time shift equal the step of the finite-difference schemes.

The deviation of numerical experiment result from the direct investigations is not more then 10 – 15% under condition of small current velocity and small windy waves for the short distances from the dumping place. It was established that for these conditions are possible to calculate the horizontal coefficient of turbulent diffusion by Karaushev’s formula.
Hermal resources of Ukraine in the conditions of climate change
Authors: Pol’ovyi А.M. , Bozhko L.Yu.
Published: November 2018

Climatic changes that take place during the last decades entailed a global rise in temperature of climate. In connection with it more active the methods of prognostication of global changes develop and them possible consequences, a modern scientific association is for the estimation of future changes mainly uses four threads of story, for each of witch different scenarios were developed witch the use different conceptions of design. In the offered article this article offers comparative analysis of the thermal regime figures from 1986 to 2005, and outlines expectations for their change, calculated for the territory of Ukraine, 2011-2050, in accordance with three scenarios of climate change: GFDL-30%, A1B, and A2. Among these expectations are earlier dates for air temperatures transitioning between ranges in the spring, as well as later dates in the fall, general increase in mean air temperatures, growth in temperature sums, and changes in temperature amplitudes.
Modified climate influence on rates development of spring barley in Ukraine
Authors: Pol'ovyj A.M. , Barsukova E.A.
Published: November 2018

Materials of World statistics show that today climate change on the planet coincides with the period of the rise of food shortages in the world community. To assess the possible impact of climate change in Ukraine agro-climatic indicators used two scenarios: a "moderate" - A1B which provides a balance between all energy sources, and "hard" - A2, which provides for ne-uncertainty regarding the determining factors and is based on the use of cut - modeling concepts that are used are similar, assumptions regarding determinant factors. One of the simplest methods reflect possible changes in the climate regime any meteorological values are compared with past data, including se-sized perennial in the reference period. In this study, the baseline is set between 1986 and 2005 according to agro-climatic directory Ukraine. According to calculations by climate change scenarios A2 and A1B terms and sowing spring barley next phase of development before. But the pace of the offensive phase, resulting in phase between the time for all periods will increase, which will increase the growing season. The most significant change scenarios will be observed in the amounts of precipitation. These changes will increase slight moisture crops in all areas except the steppe.
Development of the methodology of estimating of agricultural crop yield potential with consideration of climate and agrophytotechnology impact
Authors: Dmytrenko V. P. , Odnolyetok L. P. , Kryvoshein О. О. , Krukivska A. V.
Published: November 2018

In the paper it is outlined the main methodological positions and the results of the approbation of new approaches to the integrated assessment of the potential of crop yields.

There are considered the theoretical foundations of a joint assessment of the biological, ecological and anthropogenic components of the yield potential of agricultural crops which are based on the ecosystem concept and the mathematical model "Weather-Crop Yield" developed by V. P. Dmytrenko. In the considered approaches the peculiarities of the influence of various environmental factors on the formation of crop yields are determined by indicators of various potential yields -  general, climatic and trend (agrotechnological). Each type of yield potential can be used for evaluation of the effectiveness of the conditions of field crop growing for each factor taken into account, as well as the optimality criterion in the agrometeorological adaptation strategies and also as a criterion for the degree of sensitivity of the yield level to the conditions of crops cultivating.

The developed approaches are tested on the example of estimation of long-term dynamics of winter wheat yield potential in Ukraine. According to the results of the evaluation of different factors of the potential of the productivity of winter wheat for the periods 1961-1990 and 1991-2010 the dominant importance of organizational and technological processes in comparison with the contribution of changes of agroclimatic conditions has been determined in both periods.
Impact of climat changes on agro-climatic indices of the vegetative period of main agricultural crops
Authors: Polevoy A. N. , Bozhko L. E. , Barsukova E. A.
Published: November 2018

Article in question investigates indicators of the moisture-temperature regime for the period of 1986 - 2005 (base period) and compares them to their expected changes calculated for different scenarios of climate change GFDL-30 %, A1B, A2, RCP4,5 and RCP8,5 for the period of 2021 - 2050 on the territory of Ukraine. Calculations reviled that most abrupt changes in moisture-temperature indicators in different soil-climatic zones of Ukraine can be expected in case of scenarios GFDL-30 %, А1В and А2. In case of scenarios of climate change RСР4,5, RСР8,5 thermal indicators are expected to be at the level of multilevel averages in all natural and climatic zones of Ukraine, except for Southern Steppe, where they are expected to grow. The greatest changes in all areas are expected under scenario GFDL-30 %, and they will increase from north to south. Under scenario А1В the greatest difference between calculated values and average multi-year values will be observed in the Forest-Steppe zone and in the Southern Steppe. Under scenarios RCP4,5 и RCP8,5 significant changes in the temperature regime are predicted only for the south and east of Ukraine. At the same time, according to the scenario of RCP4.5, a significant increase in seasonal winter air temperatures is forecasted. Analysis of the results of calculations for different climatic scenarios of water availability indicators for different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine for the period from 2021 to 2050 reviled that the most drastic changes in the climatic parameters of humidification are expected in the case of the scenarios GFDL-30 %, A1B and A2. In case of climate change scenarios RCP4.5, RCP8.5, no quick changes in the distribution of precipitation over the territory of Ukraine should be ex-pected. The greatest amount of precipitation for the year and in average for the seasons of the year is projected for the western regions of the country, the least one - for the southern regions. At the same time, for most regions the trend to increase the amount of precipitation is most likely in the case of the development of the GFDL-30 %, A1B and A2 scenarios. However, according to the scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, rainfall is expected to decline for the year as a whole and especially in the summer season in comparison with the actual for 1986 - 2005.
Influence of long-term donor irrigation on quality of underground water in the south-steppe zone of Ukraine (case of the Baraboy River, Odessa Region)
Authors: Yarov Ya. S. , Loboda N. S.
Published: November 2018

The article presents the results of in-situ studies of the chemical composition and quality of underground (subsoil and artesian) water within the basin of the Baraboy River where irrigation of agricultural areas using the water resources of the Dniester River has been carried out since 1967. These water resources are fed into the network of reservoirs and channels of the Lower Dniester Irrigation System. Filtration losses of water from irrigation areas and water supply and sewage systems of settlements replenish the reserves of underground (subsoil) waters increasing the ingress therein of dissolved substances from the sedimentary rocks which leads to increase in the concentrations of certain ingredients included in chemical composition of surface and underground waters within the basin of the Baraboy River. It is shown that groundwater is enriched with nitro-gen compounds containing high concentrations of chlorides, sulfates, calcium and magnesium. Mineralization, toxicity and degree of contamination of underground water increase along the length of the Baraboy River. The chemical composition of the groundwater coming to the riverbed of the Baraboy River does not meet the fishing requirements and worsen the water quality of fish farming water bodies. The results of assessment of groundwater quality at the stations under study give reason to consider these sources of groundwater as an important factor affecting the hydrochemical regime and the quality of the water of the Baraboy River and its reservoirs which should be taken into account when developing the recommendations for optimization of the current hydroecological state of the Baraboy River as a whole. If high mineralization and significant content of principle ions in groundwater can be explained by natural factors, the high level of contamination by biogenic substances is resulted from entering of industrial, domestic and return waters from irrigated areas into aquifers. Such contamination is not a temporary but a permanent phenomenon. In terms of magnesium content artesian waters used for utility and drinking water supply are recognized as «mediocre, suitable with limitations and having undesirable quality». In addition, after 50 years of operation compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus were found in artesian water, and this was not a case in 1960s of the last century. A conclusion on the negative effect of long-term donor irrigation on the quality of underground water and on the need for additional treatment of water of artesian aquifers of the Sarmatian Stage used for centralized water supply was made.
The model of eutrophication of marine and estuarine ecosystems in the northwest Black Sea Region
Authors: Tuchkovenko Yu. S. , Tuchkovenko O. A.
Published: November 2018

The paper outlines the mathematical structure of the numerical mathematical model of water eutrophication. The model is based on the numerical non-stationary hydrothermodynamic model MECCA (Model for Estuarine and Coastal Circulation Assessment) supplemented with a chemical-biological modular unit designed in accordance with the principles of preparation of the water quality model RCA-HydroQual with some modifications introduced by the author. The chemical-biological unit of the model includes a description of the dynamics of the following hydroecological variables at a local point of space: biomass of phytoplankton, mineralization-resistant organic phosphorus in suspended (detrital) and dissolved fractions, labile organic phosphorus in suspended and dissolved fractions, dissolved mineral phosphorus, stable organic nitrogen in suspended and dissolved fractions, labile organic nitrogen in suspended and dissolved fractions, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, suspended and dissolved fractions of organic carbon resistant to biochemical oxidation, suspended and dissolved fractions of labile organic carbon and water-dissolved oxygen. The paper presents results of calibration and verification of 1D version of the model for the case of the Tyligulskiy Liman (Estuary) in the northwestern part of the Black Sea. A conclusion is drawn that the model makes it possible to display the main features of the annual dynamics of hydroecological characteristics of the liman during phytoplankton vegetation season, in particular, the conditions determining the processes of primary production and biochemical oxidation of organic substance, regeneration of mineral forms of biogenic elements. Application of the model in order to assess the impact of deepening the ‘liman-sea’ connecting canal on the hydroecological characteristics of the Tyligulskiy Liman proved that intensification of water exchange with the sea through the canal will help to reduce phytoplankton production, concentration of organic substance in the water of the liman and, ultimately, will lead to improvement of its trophic status. The model is expected to be further used to assess the effectiveness of various scenarios of managing the hydroecological regime of the limans of the north-western Black Sea region considering the changes of climatic conditions.
A Practical Oxidative Conversion of Aldehydes into N-Chloroaldimines
Authors: Jin Can , Wang Feng , Sun Bin , Zhuang Xiaohui
Published: November 2018

A novel method for the preparation of N-chloroaldimines from commonly available aromatic aldehydes has been developed. The reaction proceeded effectively by two steps: aldehydes were initially transformed into imines and then chloro-substitution with NaClO2 gave the N-chloroaldimines. This simple protocol allows for the preparation of a variety of aromatic N-chloroaldimines in moderate to excellent yields without the isolation of the imine intermediate. We also found that 3-nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-cyanobenzaldehyde were converted into the related benzonitrile directly under the standard conditions.
The Loci of Vertices of Nedian Triangles
Authors: Kodrnja Iva , Koncul Helena
Published: November 2018

In this article we observe nedians and nedian triangles of ratio $\eta$ for a given triangle. The locus of vertices of the nedian triangles for $\eta\in\mathbb{R}$ is found and its correlation with isotomic conjugates of the given triangle is shown. Furthermore, the curve on which lie vertices of a nedian triangle for fixed $\eta$, when we iterate nedian triangles, is found.
Revisiting Avicenna’s (ad 980–1037) Anatomical Concepts of the Musculoskeletal and Peripheral Nervous Systems in the Canon of Medicine
Authors: Mazengenya Pedzisai , Bhikha Rashid
Published: November 2018

Avicenna, as he is known in the West, was a famous Persian Muslim physician and influential philosopher-scientist of the medieval Islamic world. He wrote and compiled the Canon of Medicine text, a book which was adopted as the main text of medicine at the most Persian and Western universities. The book consists of basic medical sciences, applied clinical sciences and pharmacology. In the current study, we present an analysis of the anatomy of the musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems as viewed by Avicenna in the Canon of Medicine, and compare them with the relevant modern literature.
Awareness and use of probiotics among the millennials in the United States: Drivers and implications
Authors: Kolady Deepthi , Kattelmann Kendra , Vukovich Caleb , Scaria Joy
Published: November 2018

Background: Despite the substantial increase in the number of probiotic products available in the U.S. during the last decade and the potential for millennials to be a large market for probiotics, there is a lack of understanding about millennials’ awareness, use, and preference for probiotics. In this study, we examine the relationship between the millennials’ health and diet perceptions and health outcomes, estimate awareness and use levels of probiotics among the millennials, and identify the drivers of use of probiotics.Methods: An online opt-in Internet panel is used to collect national level survey data on awareness, and use of probiotics from the U.S. population in the age group of 21 to 37 years old.Results:  The study finds that there is divergence in millennials’ perceptions about their health and diet and health outcomes; awareness about probiotics is high and probiotics use is common among the millennials; demographic, socio-economic, and life style related attributes are influential in millennials’ decision on the use of probiotics;, and shakes and yogurt are the most preferred carrier forms of probiotics among the millennials. The study also finds that income constraints and perception of good health status are the major factors hindering the use of probiotics among the millennials.Conclusion: The study shows that millennials are already an important market for probiotics and there is substantial scope for expanding that market. The ability of probiotics to address public health concerns will depend greatly on how health care providers and probiotic industry will leverage these high levels of awareness and use by the millennials. Findings from our study provide insights that are helpful for probiotics product and market development and outreach efforts that will result in increased use of probiotics among the millennials with positive implications for public health and overall economy.Keywords: consumer preference, probiotic industry, health policy, shakes, yogurt
Alzheimer’s Disease, Visual Search, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: A Review and a New Perspective on Attention and Eye Movements
Authors: Ramzaoui Hanane , Faure Sylvane , Spotorno Sara
Published: November 2018

Many instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), like cooking and managing finances and medications, involve finding efficiently and in a timely manner one or several objects within complex environments. They may thus be disrupted by visual search deficits. These deficits, present in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from its early stages, arise from impairments in multiple attentional and memory mechanisms. A growing body of research on visual search in AD has examined several factors underlying search impairments in simple arrays. Little is known about how AD patients search in real-world scenes and in real settings, and about how such impairments affect patients’ functional autonomy. Here, we review studies on visuospatial attention and visual search in AD. We then consider why analysis of patients’ oculomotor behavior is promising to improve understanding of the specific search deficits in AD, and of their role in impairing IADL performance. We also highlight why paradigms developed in research on real-world scenes and real settings in healthy individuals are valuable to investigate visual search in AD. Finally, we indicate future research directions that may offer new insights to improve visual search abilities and autonomy in AD patients.
Association between Peripheral Leptin and Adiponectin Levels and Cognitive Decline in Patients with Neurocognitive Disorders ≥65 Years
Authors: Gilbert Thomas , Roche Sylvain , Blond Emilie , Bar Jean-Yves , Drai Jocelyne , Cuerq Charlotte , Haution-Bitker Marine , Ecochard René , Bonnefoy Marc
Published: November 2018

Background:

There is evidence that adipokines have roles in brain functioning and cognitive decline.

Objective:

Assess the role of leptin and adiponectin levels in predicting changes in neuro-cognitive disorders (NCD).

Methods:

The study included 205 patients over 65 years of age presenting for a one-day hospitalization for current assessment of cognitive function. Peripheral blood leptin and adiponectin levels were measured at admission. Demographic variables, body mass index (BMI), and history of hypertension were also recorded. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at admission and at later scheduled visits over a median follow-up period of 14.5 months. Conventional univariate comparisons were made between diagnosis groups (Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild NCD, vascular/mixed dementia). Changes in MMSE scores over time were examined with regard to the above variables using a linear mixed model.

Results:

The mean BMI was significantly lower (by 2 kg/m2, p = 0.01) in patients with AD than in patients with either mild-NCD or vascular/mixed dementia. Leptin levels were significantly higher ( p = 0.043) and adiponectin levels significantly lower ( p = 0.045) in patients with mild-NCD than in patients with major-NCD (AD or vascular/mixed dementia). However, the mixed model suggested no influence of the baseline levels of these two biomarkers on the course of cognitive decline.

Conclusion:

The present study confirms the associations between leptin and adiponectin and AD or AD-related disorders but did not confirm that these peptides may be used as predictive biomarkers of cognitive decline.
Diazepam Toxicity Presenting as a Dementia Disorder
Authors: Kurlawala Zimple , Roberts Jeffrey A. , McMillan Joseph D. , Friedland Robert P.
Published: November 2018

The toxicity associated with long-standing benzodiazepine use in older persons is a critical issue. Several epidemiological reports have studied correlation between benzodiazepine use and risk of dementia development. In this manuscript, we used a case report to demonstrate how chronic diazepam use can cause cognitive deficits that resemble Alzheimer’s disease and related conditions. Benzodiazepine use is common in the geriatric population and is often taken for long periods of time in improper doses. In combination with age-related cortical atrophy on the MRI, our patient risked being misdiagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or another dementing disorder if not for the systematic investigation to resolve his symptoms. With elimination of the offending dispensable drug (diazepam), the patient’s cognition improved greatly.
Fault analysis and simulation of ground-fault accident on transformer in 500 kV AC/DC grids
Authors: Zhang Bo , Lu Ping , Kong Jinjiao , Liu Rui , Cao Quanliang , Shao Hongbo , Deng Wanting , Chen Jun
Published: November 2018

An actual occurred ground-fault accident of 500 kV transformers in HVDC converter station is presented. A 2D transient electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical finite-element coupling model of 500 kV transformer is developed to analyze the transient process of failure, with consideration of the resistance-temperature relationship and plasticity displacement in the windings’ thermal and mechanical characters. To verify the proposed finite-element model, the model is calibrated by pre-fault field test of the transformer in steady state, which shows good agreement with measurement. The short-circuit current adopted in simulation is based on actual on-site measurement of the ground-fault accident. By using the proposed model, simulation results reflect the transient process and explain the post-fault inspected damage well in term of over burn regions in thermal analysis and deformation tendency in mechanical analysis when compared with field post-fault inspection photos.
Increased Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index as Potential Modifiable Factors in The Progression of Myocardial Dysfunction in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: van de Velde Nienke Marije , Roest Arno Anne Willem , van Zwet Erik Willem , Niks Erik Harmen
Published: November 2018

Background:

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular (LV) function may worsen by factors increasing LV afterload such as hypertension and obesity.

Objective:

To identify potential modifiable risk factors for progression of cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Methods:

We retrospectively analysed systolic blood pressures (SBP) and body-mass indexes (BMI) from 273 visits of 65 DMD patients aged 4–18 years between 2003 and 2016, divided in 14 age groups. Values were normalized using Z-scores (Z-SBP and Z-BMI). A linear mixed model was used to analyse correlations between Z-SBP and BMI, steroid use, age, ambulatory status and cardiac medication (CM) use. To study the relationship between SBP and BMI and myocardial deformation prior to the onset of clinical cardiomyopathy, LV deformation, defined by global longitudinal strain (GLS), was quantified in a subset of 36 patients <11 years. Multiple linear regression was used to study the relation between GLS and clinical parameters.

Results:

Median follow-up was 5 years. SBP was significantly elevated in all age groups under 14 years ( p≤0.04) and 15–16 years ( p = 0.033) and correlated positively with BMI ( p = 0.001) and negatively with CM use over time ( p = 0.018). Z-BMI followed a bell-shaped distribution and plotted approximately one standard deviation above the mean in patients between 7 and 15 years. In the subset of younger patients, reduced GLS was associated with higher BMI ( β= 0.348, p = 0.004).

Conclusions:

SBP and BMI may be potentially modifiable factors to retard deterioration of LV function in DMD.
The severity and associated comorbidities of retinopathy of prematurity among micro-premature infants with birth weights less than 750 grams
Authors: Beck K. , Young R. , Read S. , Harper H. , Desireddi J. , Harper C.A.
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the characteristics and comorbidities associated with ROP in micro-premature infants and their results.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective chart review involving multiple intensive care units in Central Texas from 2011 to 2016. Infants were included if birth weight (BW) was≤750 g with confirmed ROP by the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP). Neonates were examined and treated with laser ablation or intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) with subsequent laser treatment, guided by fluorescein angiography, if met treatment criteria defined as type 1 ROP by the Early Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity standards. Time to regression was defined clinically. Results were analyzed using chi-squared test.

RESULTS:

100 neonates were included in the study. Mean BW was 599 grams and mean gestational age was 24.2 weeks. Forty neonates were classified as type 1 ROP and therefore required intervention; of them 21 received laser alone and 19 required IVR with subsequent laser. Only 2 patients received more than one IVR injection. None of the patients progressed to stage 4 or 5 ROP.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite such low birth weights, none of these neonates progressed to stage 4 or 5 ROP likely because of prompt examination and treatment with laser or with IVR and subsequent laser. IVR might serve as a bridge to laser in type 1 ROP allowing some retinal vessel development prior to definitive laser treatment.
Collision-avoiding imaging trajectories for linac mounted cone-beam CT
Authors: Davis Andrew M. , Pearson Erik A. , Pan Xiaochuan , Pelizzari Charles A. , Al-Hallaq Hania
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND:

Some patients cannot be imaged with cone-beam CT for image-guided radiation therapy because their size, pose, or fixation devices cause collisions with the machine.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate imaging trajectories that avoid such collisions by using virtual isocenter and variable magnification during acquisition while yielding comparable image quality.

METHODS:

The machine components most likely to collide are the gantry and kV detector. A virtual isocenter trajectory continuously moves the patient during gantry rotation to maintain an increased separation between the two. With dynamic magnification, the kV detector is dynamically moved to increase clearance for an angular range around the potential collision point while acquiring sufficient data to maintain the field-of-view. Both strategies were used independently and jointly with the resultant image quality evaluated against the standard circular acquisition.

RESULTS:

Collision avoiding trajectories show comparable contrast and resolution to standard techniques. For an anthropomorphic phantom, the RMSE is <7×10- 4, multi-scale structural similarity index is >0.97, and visual image fidelity is >0.96 for all trajectories when compared to a standard circular scan.

CONCLUSIONS:

The proposed trajectories avoid machine-patient collisions while providing comparable image quality to the current standard thereby enabling CBCT imaging for patients that could not otherwise be scanned.