bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harm, Context, Blame, and Significance: A Response to Eggleston, Sinnott-Armstrong, Mason, and Kagan
Authors: Norcross Alastair
Published: February 2025

Eggleston claims that my account of harm suffers from more problems than his preferred account. I clarify my account, and explain how his account suffers from some of the supposed problems he charges my account with. Sinnott-Armstrong suggests that his contrastivist approach is preferable to my contextualism. I clarify the role of linguistic context, and suggest that our positions are quite close to each other. Mason worries that my scalar approach does not properly accommodate the notions of blame and moral responsibility. I maintain that such notions have only a derivative status, but are nonetheless important, and I suggest fruitful avenues for the scalar consequentialist to pursue. Kagan claims that the addition of a contextualist account of “right” renders my view not importantly different from maximizing or satisficing views. I explain why this is mistaken, and why neither maximizing nor satisficing versions of rightness can explain its supposed moral significance.
The Mediating Role of Academic Procrastination in the Link Between Academic Motivation and Academic Adjustment Among University Students
Authors: Vlachopanou Patra , Maska Laura , Kalamaras Dimitrios , Nasika Fani
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Introduction: Academic adjustment is a crucial factor in the success of undergraduates. Understanding the various factors that shape this process can help develop effective strategies to support students. Aim: This study investigates the role of motivation in predicting academic adjustment among undergraduates, incorporating procrastination as a key mediating factor. Method: We adopted a cross-sectional design. Undergraduates from various Greek universities ( N = 284; 63.4% female and 36.2% male students, M age = 21.2 years, and SD = 1.7) completed measures of academic motivation, academic procrastination, and academic adjustment. The students’ past performance and demographic information were also collected. Results: Findings from structural equation modeling analysis supported the proposed model. Intrinsic motivation predicted better academic adjustment directly and through reduced procrastination, while extrinsic motivation showed a less significant direct effect but still contributed to procrastination behaviors. Amotivation predicted higher levels of procrastination and poorer academic adjustment. Procrastination negatively affected academic adjustment. Conclusion: Promoting intrinsic motivation could significantly enhance academic adjustment by reducing procrastination behaviors. Additionally, addressing amotivation and its role in procrastination is crucial to improving academic outcomes. Therefore, interventions should focus on fostering intrinsic motivation and reducing procrastination to improve academic adjustment.
El Niño Enhances Exposure to Humid Heat Extremes With Regionally Varying Impacts During Eastern Versus Central Pacific Events
Authors: Menzo Zachary M. , Karamperidou Christina , Kong Qinqin , Huber Matthew
Published: February 2025

Humid heat extremes, characterized by high wet bulb temperature (Tw), pose significant health risks. While strong El Niño events are known to affect the frequency of extreme Tw days, the distinct impacts of Central Pacific (CP) and Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events remain understudied. Using a 12‐member CMIP6 ensemble at discrete global warming targets (+1.5, 2, 3, 4°C), this study shows progressively enhanced humid heat extent during EP events primarily in Mainland Southeast Asia, while South Asia experiences regionally opposing effects from EP and CP events. EP and CP events drive distinctly different, regionally varying patterns of dangerous Tw, yet both significantly increase the affected population and area impacted by humid heat extremes at all global warming levels. This amplification surpasses the impact of an additional degree of global warming, highlighting El Niño's compounding effect on heat stress threats across warmer climates.
Small Scale Variability in the Wet Troposphere Impacts the Interpretation of SWOT Satellite Observations
Authors: Hay Andrea , Watson Christopher , Legresy Benoit , King Matt , Beardsley Jack
Published: February 2025

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission offers new insights into submesoscale ocean processes. Realizing this requires careful consideration of other geophysical signals such as the signal delay induced by water vapor in the troposphere. Over short spatial scales (<∼80 km), this signal is not well‐captured by radiometer observations. Here we investigate the wet troposphere in Australian coastal regions during SWOT's 3‐month calibration phase. Using a high‐resolution atmospheric model and a novel in situ array of GNSS observations, we find the SWOT error budget for wet troposphere is regularly exceeded, with signal magnitudes up to double the error budget at small scales. We also find centimeter level biases in radiometer derived delays within ∼50 km of the coast. We suggest that, given the low radar noise and high resolution of SWOT KaRIn observations, wet troposphere errors can bias geophysical interpretation and hence have increased significance for ocean topography.
Quantifying Meridional Advection in the Auroral E‐Region For a Range of Geomagnetic Activity Levels
Authors: Mesquita Rafael , Kaeppler Stephen R. , Varney Roger , Reimer Ashton , Pfaff Robert F. , Craven John , Conde Mark , Azeem Irfan , Dandenault Patrick
Published: February 2025

The high‐latitude E‐region wind forcing has been studied extensively at large scales, but studies in auroral‐oval‐width scales are still sparse. In the auroral region, where the magnetospheric forcing is in the scale size of the aurora, winds can be forced to hundreds of meters per second in the auroral acceleration channel. This can result in large advective accelerations, where even a moderate cross‐channel neutral wind could move momentum outside the acceleration channel through advection. In this paper, we use sounding rocket data from Alaska to estimate the meridional advective acceleration of horizontal momentum and other forcing terms for different geomagnetic activity levels. We used the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar measurements of F‐region plasma drifts and E‐region electron densities to calculate the magnetospheric Lorentz forcing (MLF). We interpret our results in terms of the gradient wind solution presented in recent study by Larsen et al. (2022, https://www.doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029936). We found that the magnitude of the advective acceleration and MLF generally increase with the sampled geomagnetic conditions in the non‐storm time Quiet to Active range. We concluded that while a correlation between advection and geomagnetic activity is indicated but not the only factor at work with our results, the meridional advection can disturb the gradient balance and influence the neutral winds in both zonal and meridional directions. We also show that it is crucial to account for the time evolution of forcing of winds in the scale of 100–1,000s of kilometers when examining aurora‐related events.
How to Build the World’s Highest Mountain
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: February 2025

The rocks of Mount Everest’s peak made an epic journey from seafloor to summit.
Evaluation of Cas13d as a tool for genetic interaction mapping
Authors: El Kassem Ghanem , Hillmer Jasmine , Boettcher Michael
Published: February 2025

Mapping genetic interactions (GIs) is crucial for understanding genetic network complexity. In this study, we investigate the utility of Cas13d, a CRISPR system targeting RNA, for GI mapping and compare it to Cas9 and Cas12a, two DNA nucleases commonly used for GI mapping. We find that Cas13d induces faster target gene perturbation and generates more uniform cell populations with double perturbations than Cas9 or Cas12a. We then encounter Cas13d gRNA-gRNA interference when concatenating gRNAs targeting different genes into one gRNA array, which we overcome by a dual promoter gRNA expression strategy. Moreover, by concatenating three gRNAs targeting the same gene into one array, we are able to maximize the Cas13d-mediated knockdown effects. Combining these strategies enhances proliferation phenotypes while reducing library size and facilitates reproducible quantification of GIs in oncogenic signaling pathways. Our study highlights the potential of Cas13d for GI mapping, promising advancements in understanding therapeutically relevant drug response pathways.
A dominant role of transcriptional regulation during the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in Flaveria species
Authors: Lyu Ming-Ju Amy , Du Huilong , Yao Hongyan , Zhang Zhiguo , Chen Genyun , Huang Yuhui , Ni Xiaoxiang , Chen Faming , Zhao Yong-Yao , Tang Qiming , Miao Fenfen , Wang Yanjie , Zhao Yuhui , Lu Hongwei , Fang Lu , Gao Qiang , Qi Yiying , Zhang Qing , Zhang Jisen , Yang Tao , Cui Xuean , Liang Chengzhi , Lu Tiegang , Zhu Xin-Guang
Published: February 2025

C4 photosynthesis exemplifies convergent evolution of complex traits. Herein, we construct chromosome-scale genome assemblies and perform multi-omics analysis for five Flaveria species, which represent evolutionary stages from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. Chromosome-scale genome sequence analyses reveal a gradual increase in genome size during the evolution of C4 photosynthesis attributed to the expansion of transposable elements. Systematic annotation of genes encoding C4 enzymes and transporters identify additional copies of three C4 enzyme genes through retrotranspositions in C4 species. C4 genes exhibit elevated mRNA and protein abundances, reduced protein-to-RNA ratios, and comparable translation efficiencies in C4 species, highlighting a critical role of transcriptional regulation in C4 evolution. Furthermore, we observe an increased abundance of ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factors and cognate cis-regulatory elements associated with C4 genes regulation. Altogether, our study provides valuable genomic resources for the Flaveria genus and sheds lights on evolutionary and regulatory mechanisms underlying C4 photosynthesis.
Bone diagenesis and stratigraphic implications from Pleistocene karst systems
Authors: Del Valle Héctor , Rodríguez-Navarro Alejandro B. , Moclán Abel , García-Medrano Paula , Cáceres Isabel
Published: February 2025

Bone diagenesis is a complex process that modifies bone components in response to burial conditions. These modifications help to understand deposit formation and classify fossils by stratigraphy. The combined techniques of X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement and infrared spectroscopy were used to study the bone diagenetic processes along the complete stratigraphic sequence of Galería site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). Eleven chemometric indices considering the different bone components (phosphates, carbonates, organic phase), together with the apatite unit cell parameters and cell volume were evaluated by 9 machine learning algorithms for bone diagenesis/stratigraphic classification. The results showed differences along the stratigraphic sequence due to changes in the apatite structure chemistry (i.e., F− and OH−), producing a gradual shift of the unit cell volume (from 531.9 to 526.1 Å3) from GII to GIV associated with coupled dissolution–precipitation processes. Two diagenetic pathways are indicated: The lowest unit (GII) is characterized by leaching and carbonate loss in bone, suggesting an acidic and wet burial environment with the formation of authigenic phosphate minerals. The uppermost units (GIII-GIV) show bone apatite undergoing F− and CO3 incorporation, suggesting a slightly alkaline and drier environment. These differences enabled the development of classification models to understand deposit formation dynamics and also recontextualize dissociated fossil bones.
Comparative analysis of Legionella lytica genome identifies specific metabolic traits and virulence factors
Authors: Koper Piotr , Wysokiński Jakub , Żebracki Kamil , Decewicz Przemysław , Dziewit Łukasz , Kalita Michał , Palusińska-Szysz Marta , Mazur Andrzej
Published: February 2025

The complete genome of Legionella lytica PCM 2298 was sequenced and analyzed to provide insights into its genomic structure, virulence potential, and evolutionary position within the Legionella genus. The genome comprised a 3.2 Mbp chromosome and two plasmids, pLlyPCM2298_1 and pLlyPCM2298_2, contributing to a total genome size of 3.7 Mbp. Functional annotation identified 3,165 coding sequences, including genes associated with known virulence factors such as the major outer membrane protein (MOMP), the macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip), and a comprehensive set of secretion systems (type II, type IVA, and type IVB Dot/Icm type IV secretion system). Notably, L. lytica contributed 383 unique genes to the Legionella pangenome, with 232 identified effector proteins, of which 35 were plasmid-encoded. The identification of unique genes, particularly those on plasmids, suggests an evolutionary strategy favoring horizontal gene transfer and niche adaptation. The effector repertoire included proteins with domains characteristic of host interaction strategies, such as ankyrin repeats and protein kinases. Comparative analyses showed that while L. lytica shares core virulence traits with other Legionella species, it has distinct features that may contribute to its adaptability and pathogenic potential. These findings underscore the genomic diversity within the genus and contribute to a deeper understanding of Legionella’s ecological and clinical significance. A custom web application was developed using the R Shiny library, enabling users to interactively explore the expanded Legionella pangenome through UpSet plots.
Evaluating sample normalization methods for MS-based multi-omics and the application to a neurodegenerative mouse model
Authors: Lee Gwang Bin , Yang Cha , Hu Fenghua , Hao Ling
Published: February 2025

Sample normalization methods were evaluated for MS-based multi-omics (proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics) from the same tissue samples to minimize variation and achieve reliable biological comparison in a neurodegenerative mouse model.
Sensitive detection of circulating methylated SEPT9 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients using a novel quantitative PCR assay
Authors: Tran Yen Hai , Dao Trang Thuy , Nguyen Ung Dinh , Tran Thien Ba , Luu Loi Phuc , Duong Huy Quang , Ho Tho H.
Published: February 2025

An innovative semi-nested PCR assay integrates ExBP technology with TaqMan probes to quantify mSEPT9 in HCC plasma, offering high sensitivity (0.001%), specificity, and cost-effective diagnostic utility.
Hybrid lipid nanoparticles derived from human mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles by microfluidic-sonication for collagen I mRNA delivery to human tendon progenitor stem cells
Authors: Pareja Tello Ruben , Lamparelli Erwin Pavel , Ciardulli Maria Camilla , Hirvonen Jouni , Barreto Goncalo , Maffulli Nicola , Della Porta Giovanna , Santos Hélder A.
Published: February 2025

Tendon degeneration remains an intricate pathological process characterized by the coexistence of multiple dysregulated homeostasis processes, including the increase in collagen III production in comparison with collagen I. Mesenchymal stem...
Navigating electrochemical oxidative functionalization of olefins: selected mechanistic and synthetic examples
Authors: Qi Chun , Laktsevich-Iskryk Marharyta , Mazzarella Daniele
Published: February 2025

This highlight presents curated examples illustrating diverse electrochemical olefin functionalization strategies, including direct, mediated, and catalytic approaches, offering a concise overview of this rapidly evolving field.
Comment on “Designing potentially singlet fission materials with an anti-Kasha behaviour” by R. Pino-Rios, R. Báez-Grez, D. W. Szczepanik, and M. Solá, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, 26, 15386
Authors: Jindal Komal , Majumdar Atreyee , Ramakrishnan Raghunathan
Published: February 2025

TDA-DFT avoids spurious energy lowering due to triplet instability in azulene.
Analysis of bijel formation dynamics during solvent transfer-induced phase separation using phase-field simulations
Authors: Steenhoff Jesse M. , Haase Martin F.
Published: February 2025

A simple phase-field model is presented that readily captures the formation mechanism of bijels during solvent transfer-induced phase separation, replicating and clarifying observed morphological trends in complex experimental systems.
Energy transfer booster: how a leaving group controls the excited state pathway within a caging BASHY–BODIPY dyad
Authors: Aydogan-Sun Yagmur , Horz Maximiliane , Weber Rebekka , Heinz Myron , Braun Markus , Heckel Alexander , Burghardt Irene , Wachtveitl Josef
Published: February 2025

A leaving group (LG) enhances excitation energy transfer (EET) in a dyad from the donor BASHY to the acceptor BODIPY. In the photoproduct, absence of the LG strongly reduces EET efficiency, resulting in fluorescence primarily from the donor moiety.
Towards a universal scaling method for predicting equilibrium constants of polyoxometalates
Authors: Buils Jordi , Garay-Ruiz Diego , Petrus Enric , Segado-Centellas Mireia , Bo Carles
Published: February 2025

The computational prediction of equilibrium constants is still an open problem for a wide variety of relevant chemical systems.
Methane pyrolysis for hydrogen production: navigating the path to a net zero future
Authors: Moghaddam Alireza Lotfollahzade , Hejazi Sohrab , Fattahi Moslem , Kibria Md Golam , Thomson Murray J. , AlEisa Rashed , Khan M. A.
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen is a versatile energy vector, pivotal to a NetZero future, but will require the development of technologies for low-carbon hydrogen production like methane pyrolysis and new value chains that connect supply to demand.
Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of physicochemical properties of waste plastics with different landfill age and depth
Authors: Yu Fei , Chu Wei , Zhang Leilihe , Zhao Youcai , Ma Jie
Published: February 2025

Plastics are widely used for their excellent properties, and the primary disposal method is sanitary landfilling.
Comparative modeling of microwave and ultrasound assisted extraction of phenolics and berberine from Coptis teeta Wall. rhizomes
Authors: Sarma Lopamudra , Patra Falguni , Borah Pallab Kumar , Meena Sunil , Duary Raj Kumar
Published: February 2025

Coptis teeta rhizomes are a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals with significant applications in the food and nutraceutical industries.
Adding value to terpenes: copper-catalyzed oxidation of α-pinene in water under micellar conditions
Authors: Correia Gilvan A. , Franco Chris H. J. , Kirillova Marina V. , Gallou Fabrice , Kirillov Alexander M.
Published: February 2025

New copper(ii)-based catalysts were assembled, characterized, and applied for oxidative functionalization of α-pinene under micellar conditions in water, thus extending the scope of micellar catalysis to the valorization of terpenes.
Tutorial on impedance and dielectric spectroscopy for single-cell characterisation on microfluidic platforms: theory, practice, and recent advances
Authors: Dadkhah Tehrani Fatemeh , O'Toole Michael D. , Collins David J.
Published: February 2025

Integration of low-frequency electrical impedance and broadband electromagnetic sensing with microfluidic devices enables high-throughput analysis of cell size, membrane properties, and intracellular characteristics.
Mechanochemical templated synthesis of mesoporous alumina-supported polyoxometalate catalysts toward selective oxidation of sulfides
Authors: Xia Kang , Hou Shengtai , Niu Qiang , Suzuki Kosuke , Zhang Pengfei
Published: February 2025

We report a green, solvent-free mechanochemical method for mesoporous alumina-supported polyoxometalate catalysts. They exhibit a high surface area of up to 644 m2 g−1 and exceptional reactivity for sulfide oxidation, across multiple cycles.
Crystallization of neomycin nanoparticles in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)
Authors: Motahari Sirous , Alamdari Abdolmohammad , Malayeri M. Reza
Published: February 2025

Neomycin nanoparticles were prepared using the inductive crystallization method in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer.
NiFe-MIL-derived Si@C nanoparticles decorated on graphene sheets for efficient lithium storage
Authors: Huang Jie , Zhang Yanlin , Lu Junhong , Jiang Haoyang , Liang Ben , Wang Benyuan , He Dafang , Chen Haiqun
Published: February 2025

Recently, silicon-based anode materials have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their high theoretical specific capacity.
Exploring optimal in situ fabrication conditions to realize core–shell CsPbBr3 QDs with high PLQYs and structural stability by dual-defect passivation
Authors: Kim Dokyum , Kim Soogeun , Yim Sang-Youp , Lee Chang-Lyoul
Published: February 2025

Core–shell CsPbBr3 QDs with high structural stability and excellent optical properties were developed through dual-defect passivation, with simultaneous application of in situ thiol ligand passivation and a core–shell structure.
Recent advancements in metal-free C–C bond formation via C–H bond functionalization
Authors: Sikder Ankita , Sengupta Jhimli
Published: February 2025

This review delves into the peroxides or visible light induced metal-free C–H bond cleavage to accomplish the C(sp/sp2/sp3)–H alkylation, alkenylation, arylation, carbonylation, carbamoylation, alkynylation and cyanation.
Glasses for bone regeneration: structural features controlling physical properties and ion release of bioactive glasses 45S5, S53P4 and 13-93
Authors: Jin Zhaorui , Neuville Daniel R. , Brauer Delia S.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the atomic structure of three well-known bioactive glasses and how they affect common glass properties.
Emerging trends in the cystatin C sensing technologies: towards better chronic kidney disease management
Authors: Raveendran Jeethu , Gangadharan Dhanya , Bayry Jagadeesh , Rasheed P. Abdul
Published: February 2025

This review focuses clinical significance of CysC detection followed by detailed analysis of different CysC biosensing methods with emphasis on the necessity of PoC monitoring of CysC.
Development of an optode based on 2-amino-4-(4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl pyridine-3-ol and tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide for trace-level lead detection in complex samples
Authors: Alluhayb Abdullah H. , Alanazi Ahmed Hamad , Younis Alaa M. , Debbabi Khaled F. , El-Sayed Refat , Amin Alaa S.
Published: February 2025

A new selective optode has been created for the ultra-sensitive detection of lead ions at trace levels.
The tip of the iceberg in organic chemistry – revisited
Authors: Graulich Nicole
Published: February 2025

Students often perceive learning organic chemistry as a tremendous struggle, linking the invisible molecular level to the visible symbolic representations. Memorising reactions and not knowing how to approach or propose a reaction mechanism differs from what we want students to experience in an organic chemistry classroom. How do we shift this focus from rote memorisation to developing representational competence, enabling students to meaningfully engage with organic mechanisms to connect underlying molecular behaviour with observable chemical phenomena? In 2015, I looked back at the early work in organic chemistry education research to understand the state-of-the-art and potential missing research gaps worth exploring. Various research strands looking into student mechanistic reasoning, their representational competence, and how variables in the classroom impact their learning have developed since then. Ten years later, the question arises of how far we have come to understand the complex interplay of learning organic chemistry. Have we better understood how to help students to link the visible to the invisible? What happened to the iceberg of organic chemistry? How has our perspective on learning organic chemistry grown and acknowledged the interplay of multiple variables shaping the learning experience? In this perspective, the current state-of-the-art in organic chemistry education research is revisited by looking back on the achievements and advancements of the last decade and opening the discussion for potential future research endeavours.
Bottom-up carbon dots: purification, single-particle dynamics, and electronic structure
Authors: Bian Zhengyi , Gomez Eric , Gruebele Martin , Levine Benjamin G. , Link Stephan , Mehmood Arshad , Nie Shuming
Published: February 2025

For carbon dots, careful purification and electronic structure calculations facilitate learning about the origin of optical properties.
Amorphous cobalt–copper oxide for upgrading anodic electro-oxidation of glycerol to formate in a basic medium
Authors: Manna Biplab Kumar , Samanta Rajib , Kempasiddaiah Manjunatha , Barman Sudip
Published: February 2025

An amorphous Co3O4–CuO/CNx-300 composite on a carbon cloth reveals high activity for electrochemical glycerol oxidation, efficiently producing formic acid and reducing water splitting energy consumption by 15.48%.
Eco-biocompatible periphyton-inhabited polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyacrylic acid (PAC) sheets indicate aquaculture bio-sustainability by oxidative stress and steatosis in zebrafish
Authors: Sahoo Mitali , Jena Snehasmita , Naser Shaikh Sheeran , Lenka Sudakshya S. , Sinha Adrija , Ghosh Aishee , Vinod Ch. , Verma Suresh K.
Published: February 2025

In vivo toxicity of PVC and PAC sheets with embryonic zebrafish.
In situ synthesis of cadmium selenide quantum dots in solvent-free polymer templates demonstrating stable photoluminescence in a harsh atmosphere
Authors: Wang Qiao , Shen Wenfei , Liu Jin , Gao Fan , Wang Yao , Wang Yanxin , Du Zhonglin , Huang Linjun , Artemyev Mikhail , Xie Haijiao , Li Jun , Belfiore Laurence A. , Tang Jianguo
Published: February 2025

CdSe QDs grown in PVC or PVDF via heating show controllable growth and high PL yield due to halogen coordination. They're stable in humid, acidic, alkaline, and ethanol environments.
Engineering the electronic structures and ferromagnetism of Fe2C monolayers via surface functionalization
Authors: He Xiaolong , Lou Yaya , Wu Dongni , Xie Jing
Published: February 2025

By surface functionalization of the 2D TMC Fe2C monolayer (Fe2CTT′, where T, T′ = H, F, Cl, Br), the performance of the Fe2C monolayer is significantly improved, and its bandgap is opened, transforming it into a bipolar magnetic semiconductor.
Self-healing of defects in uniaxially aligned semiconducting polymer crystals via molecular doping: insights into crystallization from transient vs. settled amorphous phases
Authors: Jeong Hokyeong , Eom Sangwon , Cho Sanghoon , Vu Thanh Van , Sim Jae Hyun , Choi Jinwoo , Park Seungjoo , Kim Sangho , Baek Sangeun , Lee Hyunmin , Chung Hoeil , Kang Youngjong
Published: February 2025

The self-healing of defects and enhanced crystallinity are observed in uniaxially aligned poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) crystal via molecular doping with F4TCNQ.
ortho-π-Extension of perylene diimides via one-pot annulation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine or imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine for n-type organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Liao Yinxiang , Wang Cui , Dai Luyao , Shao Guangwei , Chen Xingyu , Wu Di , Xia Jianlong
Published: February 2025

We report ortho π-extended perylene diimide derivatives, PDI-IPD and PDI-IPZ. Both compounds exhibit n-type semiconductor characteristics in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Notably, PDI-IPZ achieves electron mobility of 0.116 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Alkylammonium passivation for 2D tin halide perovskite field-effect transistors
Authors: Kim Hakjun , Lee Cheong Beom , Jeong Bum Ho , Lee Jongmin , Choi Jia , Kim Kyeounghak , Park Hui Joon
Published: February 2025

Optimal-sized alkyl ammonium cations passivate A-site defects in 2D Sn halide perovskites, promoting ideal octahedral formation. FETs with these cation additives, having optimal length and multiple functional groups, show enhanced performance.
Ultralow and biodegradable electrolyte additives for dendrite-free Zn anodes
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Wang Dongdong , Zhang Shaojie , Wang Gulian , Ma Xiaojian , Yang Jian
Published: February 2025

Capryhydroxamic acid as an ultralow concentration and biodegradable electrolyte additive is developed to achieve dendrite-free Zn anodes.
Optimizing oxygen functional groups on porous carbon monoliths by green activation promotes seawater hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Bei , Fei Shiyang , Liu Zhenlu , Wang Changshui , Sun Zhiqiang , Zhang Chunmei , Yang Haoqi , Zhao Hongliang , Zhang Qian , He Shuijian
Published: February 2025

Oxygen-doped carbon effectively catalyzes hydrogen evolution. Modulating the proportion of various oxygen-containing functional groups can significantly enhance its electrocatalytic activity.
In situ conversion of electrostatic repulsion into attraction and its regulation induced by external potential on the surface of self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Chen Zhuangzhuang , Shao Huibo
Published: February 2025

Investigating the influence of external potential on electrostatic interactions at electrode surfaces helps us understand their crucial role in electrochemical processes.
Unraveling the interlayer coupling effect on layer-dependent electronic and optoelectronic properties in two-dimensional semiconductors
Authors: Hua Zeqi , Shu Haibo , Xie Dabao , Liu Zehao , Liang Jiayu , Zhou Jing , Chen Xiaoshuang , Cao Dan
Published: February 2025

The large difference in the layer-dependent electronic and optoelectronic properties in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors such as PtSe2 and HfSe2 originates from a competition between the out-of-plane and in-plane orbital interactions.
A Novel D‐InSAR and Offset Tracking Fusion Algorithm Based on Variance‐Masked Mean Filtering
Authors: Wang Yifan , Li Gen , Hu Zihan , Sun Chuanxu , Li Zhe
Published: February 2025

Accurate ground deformation monitoring is crucial for understanding geophysical activities and mitigating disaster risks. D‐InSAR and offset tracking are widely used but face limitations: D‐InSAR struggles with phase unwrapping errors in large‐scale deformation regions, while offset tracking lacks precision in small‐scale deformation. This paper proposes a fusion algorithm based on variance‐masked mean filtering to combine the strengths of both methods. The algorithm filters noise in gentle regions of the offset map and fuses refined results with D‐InSAR to enhance accuracy. Applied to the 2023 Türkiye earthquake, the method effectively reduces noise, corrects unwrapping errors, and achieves superior accuracy in large‐scale deformation scenarios such as earthquakes and landslides.
ZTF SN Ia DR2: Colour standardisation of type Ia supernovae and its dependence on the environment
Authors: Ginolin M. , Rigault M. , Copin Y. , Popovic B. , Dimitriadis G. , Goobar A. , Johansson J. , Maguire K. , Nordin J. , Smith M. , Aubert M. , Barjou-Delayre C. , Burgaz U. , Carreres B. , Dhawan S. , Deckers M. , Feinstein F. , Fouchez D. , Galbany L. , Ganot C. , de Jaeger T. , Kim Y.-L. , Kuhn D. , Lacroix L. , Müller-Bravo T. E. , Nugent P. , Racine B. , Rosnet P. , Rosselli D. , Ruppin F. , Sollerman J. , Terwel J. H. , Townsend A. , Dekany R. , Graham M. , Kasliwal M. , Groom S. L. , Purdum J. , Rusholme B. , van der Walt S.
Published: February 2025

Context. As type Ia supernova cosmology transitions from a statistics-dominated to a systematics-dominated era, it is crucial to understand the remaining unexplained uncertainties that affect their luminosity, such as those stemming from astrophysical biases. Type Ia supernovae are standardisable candles whose absolute magnitude reaches a scatter of typically 0.15 mag when empirical correlations with their light-curve stretch and colour and with their environmental properties are accounted for.

Aims. We investigate the dependence of the standardisation process of type Ia supernovae on the astrophysical environment to ultimately reduce their scatter in magnitude. We focus on colour standardisation.

Methods. We used the volume-limited ZTF SN Ia DR2 sample, which offers unprecedented statistics for the low-redshift (z < 0.06) range. We first studied the colour distribution with a focus on the effects of dust to then select a dustless subsample of objects that originated in environments with a low stellar mass and in the outskirts of their host galaxies. We then examined the colour-residual relation and its associated parameter β. Finally, we investigated the colour dependence of the environment-dependent magnitude offsets (steps) to separate their intrinsic and extrinsic components.

Results. Our sample of nearly 1000 supernovae probes the red tail of the colour distribution up to c = 0.8. The dustless sample exhibits a significantly shorter red tail (4.3σ) than the whole sample, but the distributions around c ∼ 0 are similar for both samples. This suggests that the reddening above c ≥ 0.2 is dominated by interstellar dust absorption of the host and that the remaining colour scatter has an intrinsic origin. The colour-residual relation is linear with light-curve colour. We found indications of a potential evolution of β with the stellar host mass, with β ∼ 3.6 for low-mass galaxies, compared to β = 3.05 ± 0.06 for the full sample. Finally, in contrast to recent claims from the literature, we found no evolution of steps as a function of light-curve colour. This suggests that dust may not be the dominating mechanism for the dependence on the environment of the magnitude of type Ia supernovae.
Environmental and Economic Dispatching of Fire-Wind Combined System Based on Improved MOPSO
Authors: Li Rongshuai , Du Ruiqi , Lu Yi , Jiang Shan
Published: February 2025

The environmental and economic dispatch of fire-wind combined system aims to minimize the cost and pollution gas emissions by coordinating various generator sets while meeting the constraints. Aiming at the characteristics of this problem, this paper puts forward an environmental and economic dispatching method of fire and wind combined system. Firstly, considering the uncertainty of wind power, a combined environmental and economic dispatching model of fire and wind is constructed. Then, according to the characteristics of the model, a constraint processing method is designed to improve the solution efficiency and make full use of wind energy. Then, an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, LRMOPSO, is proposed by combining multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, Levy flight jamming strategy and reverse learning strategy. Finally, on an improved IEEE39 test system, four excellent algorithms are selected and compared with the proposed method, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can find the solution with lower cost and emission more effectively, and the designed constraint handling method also significantly improves the efficiency of the algorithm.
The Expansion Mode of Adult Matsucoccus Matsumurae (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) in Pinus Thunbergii (Pinales: Pinaceae) and Pinus Densiflora (Pinales: Pinaceae) Forests in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Gao Xing , Chen MengJiao , Zhang Ranran , Qiu Hong , Dai Lulu , Zhao Mingzhen
Published: February 2025

Understanding the expansion mode of adult Matsucoccus matsumurae Kuwana (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is important for pest control and management measures. The infection situation, emergence patterns, host selection and aggregation behaviors of females have never been elucidated. In this work, we aimed to complete the expansion mode of adults through field surveys, Y-tube experiments and previous research results. The infection ratios surveys and Y-tube experiments revealed that M. matsumurae prefers to infect Pinus densiflora Sieb (Pinales: Pinaceae) rather than Pinus thunbergii Parl (Pinales: Pinaceae). The P. densiflora surveys suggested that tree height and live crown ratio play important roles in the M. matsumurae host-selection process. The emergence of females was concentrated between 5:00 to 11:00. Females exhibited obvious aggregation behavior on healthy P. densiflora trees, as observed during field surveys, and the female aggregation pheromone probably existed in the Y-tube experiments. These research results illuminate the host choice tendency, emergence pattern and aggregation behavior of females and provide key information for deepening the understanding of the expansion mode of adults. Understanding the expansion mode of females allows the development of new methods for the targeted prevention and control of this species.
Research on Seepage Control Performance of Bentonite-Amended Loess
Authors: Sun Lei , Wang Ganggang
Published: February 2025

Scientific treatment of domestic waste is a global challenge, and landfill method is mainly used in northwest China. However, landfill method is prone to produce garbage leachate, which threatens the ecology and safety of residents. At present, there are many methods to prevent leachate from entering the soil, but the cost is high and the seepage control effect needs to be improved. This paper is based on previous research, with bentonite modified loess as the research object, through the test research of bentonite modified loess seepage control performance, the research found that: bentonite mixing ratio of 15%, compaction degree of 98%, maintenance age of 30 days of bentonite modified loess to meet the landfill seepage control requirements. The research results for the application of improved loess in the landfill provides a cost-effective engineering measures.
Research on Dilution Method Carbon Emission System
Authors: Dai Xu , Sun Chaoping , Tang Wei , Yao Xiaojuan , Wang Xiaodong , Wu Honglie , Sun Bin
Published: February 2025

Carbon emissions are an important parameter for world environmental protection. Excessive CO2 emissions can cause problems such as the greenhouse effect, damage to ecosystems, and harm to human health. The current CEMS system lacks monitoring of carbon emissions and is greatly affected by environmental changes. It is explained that the dilution method is used to sample flue gas, which completely solves a series of problems caused by condensation water, reduces the operating cost of the CEMS system, and combines improved non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy and optical filtering technology to measure the carbon dioxide concentration in the flue gas. It can improve the accuracy of the measurement of carbon content in flue gas. The accuracy can reach 0.01. In combination with reality, it integrates a remote cloud service monitoring system, which improves the reliability and security of the system.
Study on Prediction of Disaster Risk Caused by Heavy Rain in Shingjin, Songxian County
Authors: Shi Xin
Published: February 2025

In recent years, extreme rainstorm weather occurred frequently in our country, which caused mine safety accidents are also increasing, resulting in huge economic losses and casualties. Based on the analysis of the “three zones” formed by the mining face of Shanjin Mine in Songxian County and the characteristics of the surface, the risk points caused by heavy rain in the whole mine were studied, and the key disaster areas were determined according to different levels of heavy rain. The borehole TV method and isotope tracer method were used to probe the key areas, and it was concluded that the rain generated by heavy rain would not cause water inrush accidents in the mine. In the ArcGIS environment, the regional geological hazard assessment index of Songxian County was calculated by superimposing the normalized results of susceptibility and the normalized results of accumulated monthly rainfall from 2013 to 2023, and it was determined that the Songxian Shan Gold Mine was in the low risk area caused by heavy rain.
Analysis on the Improvement of Formaldehyde Hazards in a Spray Painting Position in Automobile Manufacturing
Authors: Lu Suping , Xu Shaoxiong , Liang Jiabin , Zhou Liping , Wang Zhi
Published: February 2025

Objective Analyze the hazards, status, and protective facilities of formaldehyde in the spraying position of a certain automobile manufacturing painting workshop in recent years, and understand the improvement measures after exceeding the standard in the spraying position. Methods Conduct occupational health on-site investigation on the spraying position in the painting workshop of automobile manufacturing enterprises, and detect formaldehyde in the air of their workplace. Results After improvement, the formaldehyde concentration in the spraying position has been decreasing year by year and finally controlled. Conclusion Formaldehyde in the spraying position of the painting workshop is prone to exceeding the standard. After screening raw and auxiliary materials, appropriately increasing the air volume of the exhaust system, and cleaning and maintaining the exhaust system, the harm of formaldehyde in the spraying position can be controlled through source control and measures to improve and clean the exhaust system. At the same time, strengthen occupational health knowledge training and education, enhance workers’ personal protection, and carry out pre employment, on-the-job, and post employment occupational health examinations.
Dynamic analysis of crank slider mechanism considering 3D translational joint clearance based on variable contact area
Authors: Wang Yuan , Juan Liu , Fengping Ning , Chao Chai , Lei Zhang , Hui Li
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the influence of joint clearance on the motion accuracy of the slider in the 3D translational pair of the crank slider mechanism. Typically, joint clearance in the kinematic pair can affect the motion accuracy, stability, and service life of multibody mechanical system. The focus of this article is on the 3D translational pair, providing a detailed classification of the contact area between the slider and the guide rail. It summarizes 11 potential contact forms that may occur between these two components. Analyzing the contact states between the slider and guide rail in the 3D translational pair, the study explores three possible contact modes. Based on the geometric characteristics of the contact area between the slider and the guide rail, the mathematical expression for contact stiffness is redefined, considering both front and side contact of the contact area. Combining traditional contact force models with new contact stiffness models, a contact force model between the slider and the guide rail in a 3D translational pair is established, and the dynamics chaotic phenomena of the 3D crank slider mechanism were analyzed. The results indicate that the size of the clearance in the crank slider mechanism and the driving speed of the mechanism are the main factors affecting the dynamics and chaotic phenomena of the mechanism.
Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling in Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: Functional and Morphologic Results
Authors: Eckardt Franziska , Klaas Julian , Siedlecki Jakob , Schworm Benedikt , Keidel Leonie Franziska , Vogt Denise , Kreutzer Thomas , Priglinger Siegfried
Published: February 2025

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling on the repair of proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade B (PVR B) primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods Thirteen consecutive eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy (ppV) with ILM peeling for PVR B (group 1) were matched to a cohort of 13 eyes with primary RRD without PVR and without ILM peeling (group 2). Minimum follow-up was 6 months, and all eyes were operated by the same surgeon. Preoperative characteristics (age, lens status, macula-ON/OFF) were similar in the two groups (p ≥ 0.113).

Results At the end of follow-up, reattachment rates were comparable, with 92.3% in group 1 and 92.3% in group 2 (p = 1.0). Postoperative epiretinal membrane formation based on OCT was significantly reduced by ILM peeling (p = 0.04). Visual acuity was also comparable (group 1: 0.26 ± 0.29, group 2: 0.15 ± 0.17 logMAR; p = 0.125).

Conclusion This study suggests that intraoperative removal of the ILM in PVR B RRD can improve functional and morphological outcomes to levels obtained in uncomplicated RRD without PVR. ILM peeling does not appear to negatively affect postoperative visual acuity. Studies with longer follow-up are warranted to gauge a potential positive impact.
Prophylaxe und Therapie des diabetischen Fußsyndroms
Authors: Zink Karl
Published: February 2025

Diabetesbedingte Fußläsionen stellen ein signifikantes medizinisches Problem dar, das durch chronische und rezidivierende Zustände sowohl zu Amputationen als auch zu finanziellen Belastungen für das Gesundheitssystem führt. Intensive interdisziplinäre Managementansätze können sowohl Kosten als auch das Leid der Patienten reduzieren.
Optimal Strategies for the Management of Macromastia and Breast Ptosis for Patients Undergoing Nipple-sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Moreira Andrea A. , Kozorosky Erica , Coopey Suzanne B.
Published: February 2025

High-volume breasts pose challenges for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) due to their large size, indistinct tissue boundaries, and high degree of ptosis. Historically, NSM was not considered feasible for such cases, but advancements in surgical techniques have expanded eligibility criteria.

We developed a surgical algorithm for patients with macromastia and ptosis undergoing NSM. We also outline techniques for preserving the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) based on the severity of macromastia and breast ptosis, especially when immediate mastopexy/reduction is required during mastectomy. The proposed algorithm provides a practical guide for surgeons managing these complex cases.

By employing carefully selected approaches, it is possible to successfully preserve the NAC in high-volume breasts undergoing NSM. This broader eligibility criteria not only accommodates a more diverse patient population but also enhances their quality of life and improves aesthetic outcomes.

Advancements in surgical techniques have made NSM a viable option for breast reconstruction in high-volume breasts. By addressing challenges and preserving the NAC through carefully selected approaches, surgeons can improve outcomes and quality of life for patients undergoing NSM.
The Challenges and Considerations with Autologous Rib Microtia Reconstruction
Authors: Liu Yi-Chun C. , Mukerji Shraddha , Truong Mai Thy
Published: February 2025

Microtia encompasses a spectrum of congenital pinna malformation. Autologous rib reconstruction is a widely utilized surgical reconstruction technique for microtia. The surgery presents various challenges that can impact surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Sculpting and shaping the cartilage into a detailed auricular framework poses is a technically difficult surgery due to the complexity of the ear's anatomy. Postoperative complications such as scar formation, infection, and framework resorption may lead to poor aesthetic outcomes like asymmetry of the reconstructed ear and inadequate projection. Patient-related factors, such as age, rib cartilage quality and quantity, and psychological expectations, also play critical roles in determining success. Additionally, the surgeon's experience and expertise heavily influence the reconstruction's quality.

This paper explores the challenges microtia surgeons face during the reconstruction process, emphasizing technical, patient-specific, and postoperative challenges. It underscores the importance of comprehensive preoperative planning, advanced surgical training, and ongoing research to mitigate these challenges and optimize outcomes in autologous rib microtia reconstruction.