bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Виборність старшини як політико-культурна цінність і маркер автономії козацького Гетьманату (друга половина XVІІ-XVІІІ ст.)
Authors: Horobets Viktor
Published: April 2022

У статті досліджується проблема функціонування в політичній культурі і практиці козацької України засад вільної елекції козацької старшини – від сотників до полковника та гетьмана включно. Прослідковуються традиційне змістове наповнення поняття «вільна елекція» та темпоральні зміни в його характері, що сталися в процесі іманентного політичного і соціального розвитку козацького Гетьманату, а також під впливом чинників зовнішнього характеру. В контексті впливів зовнішнього походження детально реконструюється політика Російської держави щодо побутування практики виборності влади в автономному по відношенню до імперського центру Козацькому Гетьманаті, зокрема намагання центральної влади спочатку налагодити контроль за цариною кадрової політики автономії, а згодом й активно впливати на неї. З’ясовується різниця в ставленні козацького загалу до адміністраторів, обраних з дотриманням належних виборних процедур, та призначених владою вищого рівня. Розглядається питання кореляції дотримання/обмеження права вільної елекції козацької старшини та збереження/звуження імперською владою автономії Гетьманату.
Przynależność metropolitalna diecezji łuckiej w okresie nowożytnym
Authors: Szady Bogumił
Published: April 2022

Artykuł stanowi głos w sporze historiograficznym na temat przynależności metropolitalnej diecezji łuckiej w okresie nowożytnym. Odwołując się do świadectw źródłowych z późnego średniowiecza oraz okresu nowożytnego, wskazuje na korzenie złożonej sytuacji formalno-prawnej diecezji łuckiej. Za rozstrzygające uznaje różne źródła uprawnień arcybiskupów gnieźnieńskich względem diecezji łuckiej. Od XV wieku, kiedy ukształtował się urząd prymasa, arcybiskupi gnieźnieńscy uzyskali jurysdykcję także nad metropolią lwowską. Od tego momentu dość trudno określić, jakie uprawnienia względem sufraganii lwowskich wykonywał arcybiskup gnieźnieński z racji pełnienia urzędu prymasa, a które mogły wynikać ze zwierzchności metropolitalnej. To zespolenie kompetencji obrazuje dobrze uznanie synodów prowincjonalnych gnieźnieńskich za synody prymasowskie i krajowe, których dekrety obowiązywały w obu metropoliach: gnieźnieńskiej i lwowskiej. Także procedury sądowe od początku XVI wieku dawały prymasowi prawo wysłuchiwania spraw sufraganów diecezji w pierwszej instancji. Autor w konkluzji stwierdza, że wobec braku dokumentu papieskiego, który przenosi diecezję łucką do metropolii gnieźnieńskiej, przez cały okres nowożytny pozostawała ona sufraganią lwowską.
Extraction, Optimization, and Characterization of Neem Seed Oil via Box-Behnken Design Approach
Authors: BEYECHA HUNDİE Ketema , ABDİSSA Desalegn , BEKELE BAYU Abreham
Published: April 2022

This study was aimed at extracting, optimizing, and characterizing the neem seed oil through Box-Behnken design. The effects of extraction parameters such as temperature (50-80°C), particle size (0.15–0.3 mm), and time (60-180 min) were considered. The extraction of oil was studied using the soxhlet extraction process, applying n-hexane as a solvent. The quadratic model was suggested to demonstrate optimal extraction parameters of 132.677 min, 64.416°C of temperature, and 0.212 mm of particle size using numerical optimization. The experimental yield of oil at optimum conditions 44.141%, which was close to the model-anticipated value. The physicochemical properties suggested that neem oil had an ash content of 2.1%, moisture content 4.61%, density 0.875 g/cm3, viscosity 33.5 mm2/s, specific gravity 0.88, saponification value 206.7 mg KOH/, iodine value 122.5 g I2/100 g, acid value 1.81 mg KOH/g, and cetane number of 75. The extraction parameters had a significant effect on the yield of neem seed oil. However, the temperature and particle size had a higher effect compared to the extraction time. The most important unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid (60.924 %). The properties of the oil revealed that the neem seed oil can be used as a potential source of material for industrial applications. It can be concluded that neem seeds have the potential to be used as industrial feedstocks in the future.
Effects Of Environmental Factors And Atmospheric Pollution in the Incidence of Hospital Admissions of Patients With Stroke In São Paulo City By Stroke In São Paulo City
Authors: Ramos Takahashi André Akira , Corral Ponce André Costa , Maria Bezerra Italla , Antonio Correa João , Werneck de Carvalho Luis Eduardo , Daminello Raimundo Rodrigo , Silva Paiva Laércio da , Luiz Affonso Fonsec Fernando , Carlos de Abreu Luiz Carlos de Abreu , Alcantara Sousa Luiz Vinicius de Alcantara Sousa , Adami Fernando
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Stroke is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, difficult to treat and recover. The risk of developing stroke may be associated with environmental factors. Objective: To analyze the association between ambient temperature, air humidity and atmospheric pollution with the incidence of hospital admissions for stroke in the city of São Paulo in 2016. Methods: This is an ecological study, carried out by secondary data collection in the city of São Paulo in 2016. The definition of Stroke was according to the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases in codes: I60, I61, I63 and I64. Results: There was a positive correlation between the incidence of hospital admissions for stroke and in SO2  in air (rho: 0.80, p=0002) in women. In men there was a positive correlation between the number of hospital admission and      SO2 concentration (rho: 0.570, p=0.005). Conclusion: We observed a positive correlation between the incidence of stroke and the concentration of the atmospheric pollutant SO2, an important fact for the intervention in the dispersion of pollutants.
Effects of Two Cover Crops [Arachis Repens (L.) Handro And Desmodium Adscendens (SW.) DC.] on The Density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soils Under Industrial Banana Plantations in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Reine Kosso Boka Nina , Cherif Mamadou , Jean-Martial Kassi Koffi Fernand , Didier Kouame Konan , Tuo Seydou , Frederic Kouame Kra , Georges Elisee Amari Ler-Nogn Dade , Camara Brahima , Gilchrist Kouadio Edouard Yves , Emmanuel Dick Acka
Published: April 2022

This study aims to evaluate the effects of two leguminous plants Arachis repens and Desmodium adscendens, used as cover crops, on the proliferation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spores in soils under industrial banana plantations. Soil samples were collected at two depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) before, 6 and 12 months after the cover crops installation in a three-treatment Fisher block design. After laboratory analysis of the collected soil samples, the results showed that A. repens strongly contributed to the increase of AM fungal spores. Indeed, before planting this legume, the average number of spores which was 882.50 at 0-10 cm of the soil, increased to 1502.50 and then to 2390.00 in 100 g of soil respectively after 6 and 12 months. At the depth of 10-20 cm, the number of spores was 790.00, 1177.50 and 1270 spores/100 g soil, respectively. Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus and Scutellospora were the main genus obtained among the identified spores. Among them, Glomus and Acaulospora were the most abundant. A. repens could be used as a cover crops for the sustainable management of biological soil fertility.
Relationship Between Organisational Factors and Adoption of New Technology in Kenya: A Case of CEMASTEA
Authors: Kisaumbi Ann M.
Published: April 2022

This research evaluated the relationship between organisational factors and adoption of new technology in education support organisations in Kenya based on the case of Centre for Mathematics, Science and Technology Education in Africa (CEMASTEA). The research design adopted for this study was descriptive correlational design. The study population was 214 employees of CEMASTEA. A stratified sample of 64 participants was drawn from the different departments within the institution. A structured questionnaire was developed for data collection. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis in SPSS. An R-Square of 0.749 with the standard error of estimate being 0.235 was found, implying that for any variation in adoption of new technology by one-unit, organisational factors explained 74.9% of such variation. This was a demonstration that organisational factors were a salient determinant of technology adoption success. Government and all relevant authorities should also formulate and implement policies that will assist organisations adopt and adapt to new technologies in a favourable and user-friendly environment.
Martírio do Cerrado: um território agroalimentar carente de justiça
Authors: Sauer Sérgio , Cabral Lídia
Published: April 2022

O Cerrado é um bioma natural que ocupa 25% das terras do Brasil. É relativamente desconhecido do público internacional, se comparado com a Amazônia, mas é atualmente a maior fronteira agrícola do mundo. A produção intensiva de soja e de carne bovina impulsiona o desmatamento, o esgotamento da água, a perda de habitat, e o land grabbing (apropriação de terras). Salientando a escala da desigualdade e dos conflitos fundiários, este Briefing revela o Cerrado como um território de martírio, uma perspectiva que contrasta com o “milagre” retratado pelo regime agroalimentar dominante. As lutas de resistência na região são delineadas e são apresentadas recomendações que procuram desafiar a narrativa de sucesso do agronegócio e avançar para a justiça territorial.
The Impact of Myanmar’s Response to Covid-19 on the Most Vulnerable
Authors: Chiang Mina , Chen Sharlene , Htun Su Yin , Kasper Eric
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption globally. Measures to stop the spread of the virus have been necessary, but their knock-on effects have disproportionately affected the most vulnerable. This briefing examines how this dynamic has played out in Myanmar and suggests how to better support these people. The coup in February 2021 caused discontinuity in Covid-19 policy, with disproportionate impact on the most vulnerable. As well as working towards a peaceful settlement, national and international stakeholders should prioritise supporting migrant workers and victims of trafficking.
Groundwater: Making the Invisible Visible - K4D Briefing Pack
Authors: Ozano Kim , Roby Andrew , MacDonald Alan , Upton Kirsty , Hepworth Nick , Gorman Clare , Matthews John , Dominique Kathleen , Trabacchi Chiara , Chijiutomi Chris , Tshabalala Zinhle , Joshi Deepa , Udalagama Upandha , Nicol Alan , GCRF Water Security Hub
Published: April 2022

This briefing pack provides some of the latest evidence and information about groundwater, along with key messaging and resources. In this pack we discuss the UK’s Water action at COP26; programme activities around water and climate, water governance, finance, and gender and the UK’s well developed water ‘offer’, that together, can help reach the goal of global water security. Groundwater is water found underground in aquifers which, although hidden from view, are vital to agriculture, economic growth, nature and health. Groundwater is an especially important source of water as rainfall varies due to Climate Change. The sections in this briefing pack are: UK position on water; UK water offer; Latest innovation and developments around groundwater; Supported networks for knowledge, connection and opportunities; Water as a strategic climate asset; Water governance; Water finance; Water Finance and Water Risk Filter; Gender and water; GCRF Water Security and Sustainable Development Hub – case studies; Upcoming events and networks; Key reading; Key videos.
DYNAMICS OF ISLAMIC LEARNING DURING PANDEMIC TIMES AT SRIWIJAYA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Gafur Abdul , Nurhasan Nurhasan , Switri Endang , Apriyanti Apriyanti
Published: April 2022

The focus of this research is to analyze how the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning in the Technical Implementation Unit, Personality Development Course Sriwijaya University during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is because this pandemic condition requires educators to find the right formulation in learning process of Islamic religious education. The learning process used at this time is the online method, which has both positive and negative impacts. In the actualization of its implementation there are obstacles from both students and educators. The purpose of this study was to find out how the stages of implementing Islamic Religious Education learning consisting of Planning, Organizing, Actuating and Controlling/Evaluating, as well as to find out the obstacles of its implementation. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method. Where the data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the learning activity was in accordance with the application of Islamic Religious Education learning management principles during the Covid-19 period. Nevertheless, the facilities needed in the online learning process still need improvement, such as the use of content in E-Learning and the use of B3. The problems encountered were sometimes caused by a lack of internet signal. The level of technological readiness from this research is expected to be able to answer the challenges of lecturers at Sriwijaya University in particular and in general in the world of other education.
Uso de Contraceção de Emergência: Uma Carta ao Editor sobre Literacia em Saúde e Cuidados de Saúde Primários
Authors: Monteiro Santos Ema
Published: April 2022

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Contraceção de Emergência: A Importância da Consulta do Adolescente
Authors: Pinho Reis Telma , Sá e Pinho Tiago
Published: April 2022

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Damage prediction of transmission lines under typhoon disasters considering multi-effect
Authors: Hou Hui , Zhang Zhiwei , Yu Shiwen , Huang Yong , Zhang Yongxi , Dong Zhaoyang
Published: April 2022

Aim: It is necessary to study the resilience of transmission lines under typhoon disasters considering multi-effect, because typhoon disasters pose a great threat to coastal transmission lines and existing research ignored multi-effect and obtained conservative results. Method: This paper proposes a method to predict the damage of transmission towers under typhoon disasters considering the multi-effect of tower-line coupling, aging, corrosion, guy wire reinforcement, etc. The tower-line coupling effect uses a two-step reliability model. The first step calculates the damage probability of transmission lines. Then, we couple the wind load of transmission lines to towers through binomial distribution. The second step calculates the damage probability of transmission towers. The aging effect uses two-parameter Weibull distribution to calculate the aging failure probability. The corrosion effect uses the uniform corrosion theory to calculate the corrosion failure probability. The guy wire reinforcement is realized by increasing the mean value of design wind load for strength curves. Next, this paper uses probability addition equation to integrate multi-effect and obtained the final damage prediction results. Finally, we used the 110-kV THJ (TieHaiJia) line in Guangdong province, China under Typhoon “Mangkhut” in 2018 as an example to check the accuracy of proposed method. Results: The results show that the comprehensive failure probability is close to 1, and the reinforcement effect can only reduce the failure probability by 0.003. Conclusion: It is concluded that considering the tower-line coupling effect to improve failure probability is closer to practice, but the reinforcement effect should not be blindly improved.
Information theoretic-based privacy risk evaluation for data anonymization
Authors: Bkakria Anis , Cuppens Frédéric , Cuppens Nora , Tasidou Aimilia
Published: April 2022

Aim: Data anonymization aims to enable data publishing without compromising the individuals’ privacy. The reidentification and sensitive information inference risks of a dataset are important factors in the decision-making process for the techniques and the parameters of the anonymization process. If correctly assessed, measuring the reidentification and inference risks can help optimize the balance between protection and utility of the dataset, as too aggressive anonymization can render the data useless, while publishing data with a high risk of de-anonymization is troublesome. Methods: In this paper, a new information theoretic-based privacy metric (ITPR) for assessing both the re-identification risk and sensitive information inference risk of datasets is proposed. We compare the proposed metric with existing information theoretic metrics and their ability to assess risk for various cases of dataset characteristics. Results: We show that ITPR is the only metric that can effectively quantify both re-identification and sensitive information inference risks. We provide several experiments to illustrate the effectiveness of ITPR. Conclusion: Unlike existing information theoretic-based privacy metrics, the ITPR metric we propose in this paper is, to the best of our knowledge, the first information theoretic-based privacy metric that allows correctly assessing both re-identification and sensitive information inference risks.
Molecular Docking of Xanthone Derivatives as Therapeutic Agent for Covid-19
Authors: Yuanita Emmy , Sudirman Sudirman , Dharmayani Ni Komang Tri , Ulfa Maria , Hadisaputra Saprizal , Syahri Jufrizal
Published: April 2022

Covid-19 has caused more than 14 million confirmed cases and more than 6 hundred deaths as of 21 July 2020 globally. However, there is no approved drug to treat the disease. Xanthone is a potential therapeutic option for the virus that have been tested using molecular docking. There were 12 of xanthone compounds and its derivatives which have been docked against two protein crystals, 2GX4.pdb and 6FV1.pdb, which obtained two potential compounds of hydroxyxanthone derivatives with sulfonate and chloro substitution. These compounds are potentially developed into one of the agents for the treatment of infection COVID-19 disease. Based on energy data and interactions with amino acid residues when compared with its own native ligands, namely NOL and E8E, respectively. Energy docking and energy docking interactions are equal to - 43.3057and - 45.5805 Kcal/mol respectively, during interactions with amino acid residues in the form of Gly 142, His 163, Cys144, Glu166, Gln164 and His 41. Based on these two data, it can be concluded that trihydroxyxanthone compounds 4 and 8 with chloro and sulfonate substitution are very potential to be developed as drug agents for Covid-19 disease therapy through protease inhibition.
Cross-sectional Analysis of Beams Subjected to Saint-Venant Torsion Using the Green’s Theorem and the Finite Difference Method
Authors: Fogang Valentin
Published: April 2022

This paper presents an approach to the elastic analysis of beams subjected to Saint-Venant torsion using Green’s theorem and the finite difference method (FDM). The Saint-Venant torsion of beams, also called free torsion or unrestrained torsion, is characterized by the absence of axial stresses due to torsion; only shear stresses are developed. The solution to this torsion problem consists of finding a stress function that satisfies the governing equation and the boundary conditions. The FDM is an approximate method for solving problems described with differential or partial differential equations; it does not involve solving differential equations, equations are formulated with values at selected nodes of the structure. In this paper, the beam’s cross-section was discretized with a two-dimensional grid and additional nodes were introduced at the boundaries. The introduction of additional nodes allowed us to apply the governing equations at boundary nodes and satisfy the boundary conditions. Beam’s cross-sections of various shapes and openings were analyzed using this model; shear stresses, torsion constant, and warping were determined. Furthermore, beams with thin-walled closed sections, single-cell or multiple-cell, were analyzed using the stress function whereby the linear distribution of the shear stresses over the thickness was considered; closed-form solutions for shear stresses and torsion constant were presented. For rectangular cross-sections, the results obtained in this study showed good agreement with the exact results, and the accuracy was increased through a grid refinement. For thin-walled closed sections the values of torsion constant and maximal shear stress were higher than those calculated using Bredt’s analysis; moreover, regarding the closed-form solution, the maximal shear stress in the cross-section does not necessarily occur at the position with the smallest thickness.
Origin Time of the 1854 Tokai Earthquake Recorded in the Logbook of the Russian Frigate Diana
Authors: Sugimori Reiko , Ariizumi Kazuko , Satake Kenji ,   Historiographical Institute, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan,   Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Published: April 2022

The December 23, 1854 Tokai earthquake (M∼8), followed by Nankai earthquake by ∼30 hours, occurred along the Nankai Trough and caused widespread damage due to ground shaking and tsunamis. At the time of the earthquake, a Russian frigate, Diana, was anchored in Shimoda Bay and experienced the earthquake and tsunami. The frigate was damaged and eventually wrecked. Four Japanese historical documents reported that strong shaking occurred in Shimoda after 9 a.m. and before 10 a.m. in local time, reflecting the two-hour unit of the timekeeping system used in Japan at that time. The information from the frigate, reported in contemporary newspapers in English, all mentioned that an earthquake first shook the ship severely, and that they then observed the tsunami entering the bay around 10:00 in local time. The time of the earthquake, however, was reported as 9:15 in Shanghai and American newspapers (The North-China Herald, The Daily Union), and as 9:45 in the British press (The Times, The Illustrated London News). We found that the original logbook of the Diana, archived at the Russian State Archives of the Navy, Saint Petersburg, recorded that the earthquake occurred “at 3/4 of the 10th hour,” indicating 9:45. The former newspapers seemed to have been based on the information provided by the men of the American frigate Powhatan, which also arrived at Shimoda after the earthquake, but the time might have been erroneously translated into “three-quarters to ten.” More precisely, the above time expression should be interpreted as being between 9:45 and 9:59 in local time (138±b°57’E), corresponding to between 0:29 and 0:43 Greenwich Mean Time.
A CHANS Approach to Investigating Post-Disaster Recovery Potential in Rural Japan
Authors: Diehl Jessica Ann , Asahiro Kazuo , Hwang Yun Hye , Hirashima Taiga , Kong Lingchang , Wang Zhe , Yao Haomu , Tan Puay Yok ,   Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore 117566, Singapore,   Department of Environmental Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Published: April 2022

Natural disaster recovery is a critical issue in rural Japan, yet repairing infrastructure, stabilising landscapes, and aiding those displaced is exceedingly expensive. Restoration of disaster affected landscapes mainly focuses on infrastructure repair, with less attention to socio-ecological activities pre- and post-disaster. The absence of integrated socio-ecological perspectives to disaster restoration creates missed opportunities for approaches more sensitive to local needs and resources. Coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) frameworks attempt to bridge social and natural sciences with the effect that interactions between human and natural systems can emerge that might not be apparent by studying them separately. However, application of CHANS frameworks in the context of natural disaster recovery in rural Japan is limited, and more consideration of the challenges is needed. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of a CHANS project and summarize lessons learned in applying this complex framework. The CHANS project comprised four graduate student projects investigating different topics related to landslide recovery and future disaster vulnerability after the Northern Kyushu Heavy Rainfall in July 2012 event in rural Japan. For lessons learned, we suggest CHANS projects to be designed as a nested hierarchy of research questions, aims, objectives, and hypotheses to enable deeper synthesis at a higher level. Despite limitations in the design of our CHANS project, triangulation of data enabled us to conclude meaningful findings. When faced with limited resources, it is impossible to design a complex study accounting for all relevant factors, but a CHANS approach can enable integrated socio-ecological insights and foster innovative solutions for improving resource management and cost-effectiveness of disaster recovery plans.
Development of Fragility Curves for Japanese Buildings Based on Integrated Damage Data from the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake
Authors: Torisawa Kazuaki , Matsuoka Masashi , Horie Kei , Inoguchi Munenari , Yamazaki Fumio ,   Kanto Gakuin University  1-50-1 Mutsuura-higashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8501, Japan,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan,   MS&AD InterRisk Research & Consulting, Inc., Tokyo, Japan,   University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED), Ibaraki, Japan
Published: April 2022

A series of earthquakes hit Kumamoto Prefecture on Kyushu Island, Japan on April 14 and 16, 2016. Soon after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, municipal governments carried out building damage surveys to issue disaster-victim certificates. The building damage caused by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake was serious in Mashiki Town, which is located close to the source region, but Uki City, next to that area, was also heavily damaged. The present authors have already developed several fragility curves using damage survey data from the Mashiki Town and Uki City governments. Some of the fragility curves for Mashiki Town rise sharply at low PGV levels because of the lack of damage data in the low PGV range. Compared with the fragility curves for Mashiki Town, the fragility curves for Uki City show a lower damage ratio for the same PGV. The fragility curves for Uki City were obtained using the damage data in the PGV range lower than those for Mashiki Town. In this study, we integrated the damage survey data of the Mashiki Town government and the Uki City government due to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, and constructed building fragility curves with respect to the structural material and construction period in combination with the estimated seismic motion distribution. The correlation coefficient showed a strong positive correlation of approximately 0.9 in all classifications of the building fragility curves covering a wide range of seismic ground motions. The validity of the proposed fragility curves was demonstrated and compared with existing fragility curves developed using damage survey data from local governments in other earthquakes.
A Numerical Simulation Approach for Shale Fracture Network Characterization Using Hybrid EDFM Method
Authors: Jiang Yu , Killough John E. , Cui Yongzheng
Published: April 2022

Efficient and economical production in shale reservoirs requires specific knowledge and techniques to characterize the fracture network, which consists of both the large hydraulic fractures and the natural fractures. Current research mainly focuses on the hydraulic fracture part, while research on characterizing the natural fractures is relatively rare due to the complexity and uncertainties of the natural fracture distribution in reservoirs. This paper proposed a numerical method for characterizing this complex fracture network in shale reservoirs which handles both the hydraulic fracture and the natural fractures at full dimensions using a combination of microseismic data, geostatistical information, fracking plan, and reservoir simulation. We use microseismic clouds to generate mappings of hydraulic fractures and choose the most appropriate set using the fracking schedule and flowback simulation. The natural fractures are treated using a fractal probabilistic model calibrated with geostatistical information including fracture length, density, and intensity. Both the hydraulic and fractal natural fractures mentioned above are then modeled using embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) and are coupled to create the hybrid fracture network and applied with reservoir simulation grids. Numerical simulation is performed to investigate further into the fracture network, and history matching is applied to reduce the uncertainty by select the most appropriate fracture network from multiple realizations. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to analyze the controlled natural fracture parameters on total production. We further used our approach to study a horizontal well performance in the Permian Basin and compared our simulation results with traditional fracture characterization and model methods. Our established work has shown the best agreement with history production data compared with randomized fracture model and the multimedium method. This provides a novel method to characterize fracture networks in shale and may be used to guide production optimizations and plan management.
Research on Roof Structure and Determination of Working Resistance of Shallow Buried Single Key Stratum Based on Grid Drillhole Field Method
Authors: He Yanpeng , Huang Qingxiang
Published: April 2022

The roof structure of the stope is the core of revealing the weighting mechanism and determining the working resistance of support. The Shenfu Dongsheng coal field of China has abundant reserves of shallow coal seam. The phenomena of strong ground pressure and step subsidence caused by the mining of shallow buried single key stratum (SBSKS) poses a serious threat to the fragile environment. Revealing the shape and movement process of roof structure of SBSKS is the primary prerequisite for ensuring safe mining of working face. Firstly, the field measurement technology of the space grid-like drill field was developed to construct vertical holes and incline holes in the auxiliary headgate gateway and tailgate airway ahead of the working face and to obtain the measured data of the broken position and vertical displacement of the roof by the drilling peep and multipoint displacement. Secondly, the key parameters of the stope roof were analyzed by the grid drillhole filed method, for example, the inclined roof break angle, the rotation angle, the thickness of equivalent immediate roof (EIR), and the roof structure-articulated level and shape. Then, we combined with the mining face comparison of compression laws revealing the time and space relationship between the movement of the roof structure and the roof weighting, and three more dangerous states of the roof were determined. Finally, the roof structure of SBSKS is moved upward through the field research on the 22201 working face, the “high step rock beam” structure and the advanced breaking position of the roof are obtained, and the calculation equation of the support resistance in large mining height face is given. The research results provide scientific guidance for the safety of SBSKS coal seam and provide technical support for green mining in ecologically fragile mining areas.
Strength and Failure Properties of Preflawed Granite under Coupled Biaxial Loading and Unloading Conditions
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Jing Yue , Pi Zizi , Wang Shanyong , Zhou Zilong
Published: April 2022

In this study, numerical simulations of uniaxial compression, biaxial compression, and biaxial unloading were performed on granite specimens that contained different prefabricated defects. The microscopic parameters in numerical models were verified by the uniaxial compression experiments on the intact standard cylindrical granite specimen and the square granite specimens with prefabricated defects. The influences from different stress paths, different shapes of prefabricated defects, different numbers of defects, and different distribution of defects on the strength, deformation, and crack initiation stress characteristics of the rock specimens were investigated. Furthermore, the initial cracking and cracking stage distributions, cumulative crack amounts, ultimate failure modes, and crack propagation fractal dimensions of specimens with different prefabricated defects under biaxial unloading conditions were analyzed and compared. The experiment was divided into three stages to analyze crack evolution mechanisms. The results show that most cracks appeared after peak strength, and different shapes, the number of defects, and the relative defect positions significantly affected crack initiation, crack propagation, and crack coalescence.
Concrescence in anterior teeth assessed by cone beam computed tomography. A case report
Authors: Aristizábal-Elejalde David , Casanova-Sarmiento Juan Alejandro , Guerrero María Eugenia , Aliaga-del Castillo Aron , Ruiz-Mora Gustavo Armando , Rodríguez-Cárdenas Yalil Augusto
Published: April 2022

Dental concrescence is an anomaly in which the cementum overlying the roots joins, causing the union of two different teeth. It is often reported in posterior dentition, affecting certain dental procedures such as root canal treatment, periodontal procedures, orthodontic movement and dental extraction. This case report describes the successful diagnosis and treatment of a 20-year-old male with a moderate skeletal class II who was referred for a radiographic evaluation after 1 year of failed orthodontic movement of teeth 1.1 and 1.2. The radiographic assessment with a Cone Beam Computed Tomography allowed discard other related pathologies and diagnose a dental concrescence. The patient underwent orthognathic surgery in which the class II was corrected, and the concrescence was treated with a prosthetic approach.
Elastic Characterization of Shale at Microscale: A Comparison between Modulus Mapping, PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping, and Contact Resonance Method
Authors: Zhao Junliang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Dongxiao
Published: April 2022

Because of the extremely high resolution and little damage to the sample, micromechanical mapping methods have been widely used for elastic characterization of shale at microscale. However, few studies have investigated connections and differences among commonly used micromechanical mapping methods. The influencing factors of micromechanical tests, such as sample preparation, experimental setup, and data processing, have not yet been sufficiently discussed. In the presented paper, three representative micromechanical mapping methods, including modulus mapping (MM), PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PFQNM), and contact resonance (CR) method, were systematically compared from theory to application. The fundamental principles of the three methods were introduced, and connections in theoretical background were discussed. A shale sample from the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin was selected for elastic characterization. Mechanical tests were performed on a fixed area on the sample surface by using different methods. The modulus distribution images obtained by the three methods intuitively exhibited microheterogeneity in shale. The influences of scanning frequency, peak force frequency, and force setpoint were analyzed based on the test results. The comparison of the contact area revealed that MM possessed the lowest spatial resolution with the experimental setup, and the CR method was less sensitive to the surface condition than PFQNM. The effectiveness of the data processing method was demonstrated through scale dependency analysis, and the limitations of the test methods were discussed. This work may contribute to improved understanding and selection of micromechanical mapping methods and experimental design of elastic characterization of shale.
Assessing biomarker stability and assay performance parameters for the use of biomarkers in mental disorders; A study of early stage biomarker assay method development
Authors: jentsch Mike , de Strate Barry van , Meddens Marjolein , Meddens Marcus , Schoevers Robert
Published: April 2022

Within the field of psychiatry, the development of biomarker based assay methods is relatively young. Recent efforts focused on combining several biomarkers within a panel to increase discriminative power. However, most biomarker panels have failed to advance to the stage of clinical application. An important prerequisite is a proper sampling and storage procedure, based on a priori identified stability properties of all biomarker/body fluid combinations present in the panel. Second, is the performance requisites of the assays in use, such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA), in order to assure reliable results within and between runs. In this study, we analyzed 24 biomarker assays in 32 biomarker/body fluid combinations identified clinically relevant for prediction of MDD. Each biomarker body fluid combination was tested for stability and assay performance. We found hampering stability in almost all cases except three biomarkers in urine and three in serum. By having identified stability properties adequate measures can be taken to avoid interpretation mistakes. By having identified performance properties decisions in an early stage can be taken to assay implementation. This study indicates that a good starting point for biomarker panel assay development is the investigation of stability for each biomarker/body fluid combination. In addition, assay performance plays an important role in the correct interpretation of those results. Along the way of assay development, other quality assurance parameters might be implemented focused on a fit for purpose principle ultimately providing reliable data necessary for diagnostical method implementation.
Developing and Implementing a Quality Assurance Strategy for Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Elzain Musaab , Lally Kevin , Hogan Fiona , Flaithbheartaigh Séamus Ó
Published: April 2022

Objectives
The objectives of this quality assurance project was to assess the practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a psychiatric hospital by measuring the degree of compliance with Electroconvulsive Therapy Accreditation Service (ECTAS) standards.
Method
An audit tool was developed utilizing a quality criteria checklist by examining the ECTAS standards in relation to the requirements for ECT suites and reviewing the case notes of all patients who had ECT during the period between January 2017 and October 2017 (first audit) and January 2018 and October 2018 (re-audit). Data were quantitatively analysed and described.
Results
The psychiatric unit ECT practice generally was found to adhere to the ECTAS Standards. During the audit period, 29 patients received an ECT course. The mean age was 56 years with equal gender distribution. Bilateral ECT was used in all cases. Severe depressive illness was the most common indication for ECT treatment, followed by catatonia and severe suicidality. The ECT prescription was completed by the treating consultant psychiatrist in all patients’ records (100%) in both audits. However, the signature of the doctor administering ECT was not present in 40% in the first audit and 21% in the second audit.
Conclusion
High quality ECT is important not only for safe ECT, but is also an important step in removing the stigma that exists around this effective and occasionally lifesaving procedure. This complete audit cycle demonstrates the value of examining ECT care by highlighting areas of accomplishment as well as areas that require further development.
Urban Climate Changes Due to Extreme Modification of Human Behaviour During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Integration of Urban Physics with Social Big Data
Authors: Takane Yuya , Nakajima Ko , Kikegawa Yukihiro
Published: April 2022

The changes in human behaviour associated with the spread of COVID-19 infections have changed the urban environment. However, little is known about the extent to which they have changed the urban climate. We quantitatively evaluated these effects using a unique method that integrates real-time human population data (social big data) with an urban climate model. The results showed that in an office district in the city centre of Tokyo, the biggest metropolis in the world, under a significantly reduced population, electricity consumption (CO2 emissions) would be 30% and anthropogenic heat emission would be 33% of pre-COVID levels (without the stay-at-home advisories). This resulted in a temperature decrease of about 0.2°C, representing about 10% of the past greenhouse gas-induced warming in Tokyo. This method can be benchmarked and then applied to worldwide. The results suggest that changes in human behaviour can represent an adaptation strategy to climate change in cities.
Utilization of lactobacillus fermented proteins from meat processing wastewaters as a dietary protein source in poultry feed
Authors: Bethi Cathrine Monica Spandana , Prakash Gowthami Jay , Peddha Muthukumar Serva , Kudre Tanaji G
Published: April 2022

Impact of fermented meat processing wastewater protein hydrolysate (FWMPH) prepared by Pediococcus lolii fermentation as an alternative protein source on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and hematological parameters of broiler chicks was evaluated in the present investigation. FWMPH exhibited antioxidant, anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and antimicrobial properties. A total of 60 broiler chicks were divided into five dietary groups on day 8 and a feeding trial was performed for 48-days. Different diets were prepared by replacing soya protein concentrate (SPC) with different levels of FWMPH as a protein source. These diets were denoted as SPSD (100% SPC), FMP-25 (25% FWMPH + 75% SPC), FMP-50 (50% FWMPH + 50% SPC), FMP-75 (75% FWMPH + 25% SPC), and FMP-100 (100% FWMPH). FMP-25 and FMP-100 diet group broiler chicks showed the highest and lowest feed consumption (P < 0.05), respectively. However, the highest body weight gain (1506.08 ± 52.52 g) was observed in FMP-75 diet-fed chicks (P < 0.05). Furthermore, FMP-75 chicks displayed better feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio values than other diet group chicks (P < 0.05). The hematological, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological examination revealed that the chicks fed with FWMPH were not negatively affected by dietary treatments and were better than the SPSD diet group (P < 0.05). Hence, FWMPH at 75% level can be exploited as a potential protein ingredient as a substitute for soy protein in the broiler diet for better growth performance of the birds without deleterious effects.
Clinical Features and Treatment Strategies of Precursor B-cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia with C-myC Rearrangement in Childhood
Authors: Wang Xiang , Wu Kefei , Huang Jun , Yu Lisha , Pan Ci , Chen Jing , Shen Shuhong , Chen Changcheng , Mi Qiang
Published: April 2022

Background: Rare cases of Burkitt leukemia/lymphoma (BL) exhibiting a precursor B-cell phenotype (termed herein pre-BLL) were admitted by WHO Classification of Hematopoetic and Lymphoid Tissue, recent evidence suggests that these neoplasms genetically and epigenetically resemble precursor B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (pB-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL)/LBL) rather than BL. The clinical features and treatment of childhood pre-BLL with C-myC rearrangement are poorly understood.Methods: The clinical features, treatment strategies and follow-up information of 9 cases with pre-BLL diagnosed by Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: All the 9 cases were confirmed to be pre-BLL by flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, morphological classification were L2/L3, immunophenotype was CD10, CD19 positive, CD20, TDT, CD34 selective expression, surface immunoglobulin (sIgM) negative, Kappa and Lambda light chain negative. Most of the pre-BLL cases were accompanied by elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uric acid levels. 5 cases received intensive chemotherapy with overlapping regimen, and all achieved sustained remission except for 1 case relapse and death. Among the 4 cases who received low-intensity chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 2 cases died due to early relapse of the disease.Conclusions: Pre-BLL cases are rare. and intensive chemotherapy treatment according to protocols for mature B-cell NHL. Currently, the treatment strategies are still controversial. Considering the small number of cases, multi-center clinical studies should be actively carried out to find a standard treatment plan.
Sustainable forest use of legal origin in the province of Napo Amazonia Ecuador
Authors: Espinosa Germán Congo , Aguirre-Mejía Patricia M. , Villota-González Freddy Hernán , Sulbarán-Rangel Belkis
Published: April 2022

The study proposes to analyze the legal use of forest resources in the province of Napo Ecuador during the period of 2011–2015. The data collected was analyzed in three stages: secondary information gathering, systematization of information and interpretation of results. Thereafter, based on the stated objectives, it was possible to obtain: the analysis of legal forest use by program type, plant formation and species used during different years, and the volume of legal forest use. Based on interviews directed to local stakeholders involved in the forestry sector, it was possible to analyze the factors that have influenced the legal use of forest resources. The highest rate for legal forest use was concentrated in simplified forest harvesting programs. Forest utilization in native forest represents 43.62%, in which the year 2011 showed the greatest increase for legal forest use; however, 2012 recorded a drastic decrease, with a slight improvement in 2013, and a continued decline in 2014 and 2015. The species with the highest rate of use was laurel. The variations for legal forest use in the province of Napo are linked to the effectiveness and strengthening of the National Forestry Control System, 2011 was the year with the most effective performance.