bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and population structure of the endangered saproxylic beetle L. cervus in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Melosik Iwona , Lewandowska‐Wosik Anetta , Sobczyńska Urszula , Dabert Mirosława , Mleczak Mariusz , Baraniak Edward
Published: March 2024

Despite the significance of saproxylic beetle species for ecosystems, the investigation of fine‐scale population genetics within the stag beetle, Lucanus cervus, remains notably limited. Because of their limited dispersal distances and habitat fragmentation, high genetic structure and low genetic diversity are expected in its populations.

To evaluate the impact of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity and structure, we examined 150 specimens of L. cervus from three sites in western Poland: two forest stands and one stand located in an Oak avenue. We utilised 19 microsatellite DNA loci for this examination.

Results of neighbour‐joining analysis and principal coordinates analysis, values of differentiation indexes (G'ST, D(Jost) and FST) and rare/private allele frequencies indicated weak genetic differentiation among individuals collected from the tree sites. A spatial component to the genetic structure was identified through STRUCTURE (LOCPRIOR), isolation by distance tests and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The genetic diversity remained relatively high (HE: 0.49–0.51), with no inbreeding observed and no significant differences in mean relatedness among individuals from sampling sites.

Limited genetic differentiation between the individuals of L. cervus from the investigated sites may result from a lag time since fragment isolation, unrestricted gene flow and marker/sample size limitations. Though weak, the significant differentiation between two of the sites may be linked to environmental differences and distance. Genetic data support treating individuals from forests as a single management unit. Non‐invasive sampling suffices for genetic studies, but achieving balanced sampling is crucial for precise historical demography estimates of endangered species.
Nisin as a food preservative: physicochemical, sensory properties and antimicrobial activity in Mexican tomato sauce
Authors: Cedillo Olivos Ana Elena , Linares‐Castañeda Alejandra , Corzo‐Ríos Luis Jorge , Márquez‐Lemus Mario , Jiménez‐Martínez Cristian
Published: March 2024

Biopreservation is a technique that utilises natural microbiota and antimicrobial products to extend the shelf life of food in a controlled manner. Nisin, bacteriocins, is used commonly in meat and dairy items and is acknowledged as safe by the FDA under the acronym GRAS. Tomato sauce is an essential component of Mexican cuisine but has a limited shelf life. Nisin (0.01%, 0.1% and 0.2%) was used as a preservative to preserve its physicochemical and microbiological properties. The results were compared with those of a control group (with no preservative) and a sample that used potassium sorbate (0.2%) as a preservative. The Mexican tomato sauces were stored at 4, 20 and 35 °C for 180 days to test their stability. The results indicated that the nisin‐preserved Mexican tomato sauces remained stable at all three temperatures for 180 days. In addition, the sauce preserved with 0.01% nisin was preferred by untrained panellists, as it maintained its desirable taste and texture. The sauces preserved with 0.1% and 0.2% nisin exhibited no significant changes in their physicochemical properties. However, after 150 days of preservation, there was a noticeable difference in the antimicrobial activity of the nisin‐containing sauces compared with the sauce with sorbate and the control sauce without any additives. Based on the product's unique characteristics and physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties, nisin can serve as a natural preservative for Mexican tomato sauces.
Biofunctional features of Pickering emulsified film from citrus peel pectin/limonene oil/nanocrystalline cellulose
Authors: Kusuma Gracella , Marcellino Vincensius , Wardana Ata Aditya , Wigati Laras Putri , Liza Chandra , Wulandari Retno , Setiarto Raden Haryo Bimo , Tanaka Fumina , Tanaka Fumihiko , Ramadhan Wahyu
Published: March 2024

The application of edible films can be an alternative solution for maintaining the quality of post‐harvest horticultural commodities. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding a stabiliser, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), on the functional characteristics of citrus peel pectin and limonene essential oil (LEO)‐based coatings. A formulation comprising pectin (0.5%), CNC (0.075%) and LEO (0.5%) was prepared. The CNC morphology (nanometre scale) was nanorods with pointed ends on both sides, revealed with atomic force microscopy. Gas chromatography–mass‐spectrometry verified the main component of LEO, d‐limonene. All prepared film‐forming solution showed good stability with zeta potential values ranging from −76.34 to −35.33 mV. The developed film had a rougher surface due to the presence of oil aggregates and CNC agglomeration during film preparation. The addition of Pickering emulsion showed improvements in terms of mechanical properties (tensile strength 23.61 MPa, and elongation 65.87%), water barrier and the film clarity compared with regular emulsions with synthetic surfactants. It effectively inhibited the growth of harmful microbes that cause the rotting of fresh fruits, i.e., Penicilium digitatum, by 3.87% and 14.83% compared to the conventional emulsion and pectin‐based film, respectively, through the well diffusion test method. Thus, the combination of pectin/CNC/LEO can be used as an alternative active coating for fresh fruit commodities.
Characterisation of functional pea protein hydrolysates and their immunomodulatory activity
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Jinping , Liu Yingjun , Bi Huimin , Zhou Xuesong , Wen Lingrong , Yang Bao
Published: March 2024

Pea proteins has been widely used in food industry due to its functionality and health benefits. Pea peptides derived from pea proteins are considered as promising source of novel functional food. However, the chemical structure of pea peptides with immunomodulatory activity remains unclear. In this work, 46 pea peptides with molecular weight from 533.28 to 1462.78 were identified from pea protein hydrolysates. The hydrolysates could significantly increase the immunomodulatory activity of the macrophages by elevation of phagocytic activity, promoting the production of nitric oxide and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6) at the doses of 0.25–1.0 mg mL−1. Moreover, upregulation of iNOS, TNF‐α and IL‐6 were related to the activity of pea protein hydrolysates. Fourteen peptides with activity scores > 0.3 showed good affinity with TLR4/MD‐2 by molecular docking. TLR4 activation was involved in the immunomodulatory activity of bioactive pea peptides through a hydrogen bond, Pi‐cation, Pi‐Sigma, Pi‐Pi stacked and/or Pi‐Pi T‐shaped interactions respectively. The above results indicated that pea peptides could be used as healthy food with immunomodulatory function, promoting the development of pea proteins in the functional food industry.
Low oxygen concentration alleviates banana peel browning by inhibiting membrane lipid oxidation and polyphenol oxidase activity
Authors: Ren Zixing , Liu Yuxin , Huang Jizhen , An Liangliang , Zhang Ya , Yang Wenjin , Lei Tingyao
Published: March 2024

Bananas, a common fruit in our daily diet, often develop physiological disorders during the late ripening period, resulting in browning, which reduces their suitability for consumption. In this study, we inhibited the browning phenomenon by reducing the oxygen concentration to improve their storage period. Compared with banana fruit treated with high oxygen concentration, banana fruit treated with low oxygen concentration had higher hardness and significantly delayed weight loss. The analysis showed that low oxygen concentration enhanced the antioxidant capacity of banana skin cells by maintaining the DPPH scavenging capacity of antioxidant substances in the banana peel. The activity of the membrane‐degrading enzyme LOX is reduced, and the permeability of the cells is reduced, thus maintaining the structural integrity of the cells. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that the integrity of the cell membrane was well maintained under low oxygen concentration, which restricted the reaction of phenols and PPO enzymes to produce quinones under the action of oxygen, and inhibited the browning phenomenon. These results suggest that low oxygen concentrations inhibit banana Browning by maintaining the structural integrity of cell membranes.
Early life imprinting of intestinal immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis
Authors: Paucar Iza Yoselin A. , Brown Chrysothemis C.
Published: March 2024

Besides its canonical role in protecting the host from pathogens, the immune system plays an arguably equally important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Within barrier tissues that interface with the external microenvironment, induction of immune tolerance to innocuous antigens, such as commensal, dietary, and environmental antigens, is key to establishing immune homeostasis. The early postnatal period represents a critical window of opportunity in which parallel development of the tissue, immune cells, and microbiota allows for reciprocal regulation that shapes the long‐term immunological tone of the tissue and subsequent risk of immune‐mediated diseases. During early infancy, the immune system appears to sacrifice pro‐inflammatory functions, prioritizing the establishment of tissue tolerance. In this review, we discuss mechanisms underlying early life windows for intestinal tolerance with a focus on newly identified RORγt+ antigen‐presenting cells–Thetis cells–and highlight the role of the intestinal microenvironment in shaping intestinal immune system development and tolerance.
Shame in patient‐health professional encounters: A scoping review
Authors: Jaeb Michael A. , Pecanac Kristen E.
Published: March 2024

Shame can arise during patient‐health professional encounters when discussing traumatising and stigmatising topics and can contribute to negative patient outcomes. This review aims to summarise what is known regarding shame in patient‐health professional encounters. We conducted a scoping review using Levac and colleagues' approach and reported the findings using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. We searched four databases (CINAHL, PsychINFO, PubMed and SocINDEX) for empirical studies that involved shame in patient‐health professional encounters contextualised by trauma or stigma and were published in English. We categorised what is known regarding shame in empirical studies using inductive content analysis. We also collected stakeholders' perspectives on the review findings through an online survey. Our initial search yielded 3658 articles, of which 37 were included. We summarised the literature into four categories: (1) What health professionals say they do in patient‐health professional encounters, (2) What health professionals think patients feel in patient‐health professional encounters, (3) Patients' descriptions of their own shame during patient‐health professional encounters and (4) Health professionals' descriptions of their own shame during patient‐health professional encounters. Shame can arise in a variety of circumstances during patient‐health professional encounters. More research is needed to identify what specific communication strategies used by health professionals during patient‐health professional encounters contribute to or avoid patient shame.
Preparing Future Designers for their Role in Co‐Design: Student Insights on Learning Co‐Design
Authors: Örnekoğlu‐Selçuk Melis , Emmanouil Marina , Hasirci Deniz , Grizioti Marianthi , Van Langenhove Lieva
Published: March 2024

The state‐of‐the‐art literature indicates an increasing need for co‐design education as it is imperative to equip future designers with the co‐designing mindset. This derives from the significance of involving ‘people with lived experience’ in co‐design processes to better meet their needs. However, the traditional design education system seems to include mostly individual designing skills, causing a lack of skills in design students to facilitate the active participation of people in co‐design. This paper reports on a case study carried out in a third‐year Bachelor industrial design engineering course with design students (n = 32) and design educators (n = 4) to find an effective and efficient way of preparing future designers for their role in co‐design and to gain insights into design students' experience with learning about co‐design. As an instructional method, a co‐design workshop including the game‐play, game‐modding and game‐design approaches is introduced. The obstacles and confusion of the design students regarding co‐design and co‐design education, which they have documented throughout the year on their personalised logbooks, are explained to eliminate them in the future for smoother incorporation of co‐design education into design education curricula. Lastly, for future designers' mindfulness of co‐design and their role as facilitators suggestions are provided such as accreditation of curriculum activities regarding co‐design education.
A Species‐Focused Approach to Assessing Speciesism
Authors: Murphy Alex
Published: March 2024

Speciesism, broadly understood as the view that species membership is a morally relevant property, has been a central topic of debate within animal ethics for around 50 years. However, in all this time, animal ethicists have paid relatively scant attention to the nature of species membership itself. This seems potentially regrettable, since species membership's precise nature is presumably highly pertinent to the question of its exact moral relevance. Here, I advocate for a ‘species‐focused’ approach to assessing speciesism, arguing that, in debating the merits of speciesism, animal ethicists should (i) centre the nature of species membership, and (ii) consult philosophers of biology. Adherence to this second prescription appears necessary since a lot of what philosophers of biology believe regarding the nature of species membership appears contrary to what many animal ethicists have seemingly assumed.
An evidence‐based guideline on treating lumbar disc herniation with traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Qin Xiaokuan , Sun Kai , Xu Weiguo , Gao Jinghua , Jiang Hong , Chen Wei , Zhang Ling , Li Zhenhua , Li Wuyin , Yuan Puwei , Yang Kexin , Tong Peijian , Zhong Yuanming , Zhu Xiaofeng , Wan Xiaoming , He Chengjian , Wang Yanguo , Xu Xilin , Huang Yong , Zhang Zhihai , Huang Yifei , Guo Wei , Cao Junling , Feng Tianxiao , Wang Xu , Yin Yuhui , Wang Hao , Sun Chuanrui , Xiao Xiangyu , Wei Xu , Zhu Liguo
Published: March 2024

Background

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH), as one of the most common causes of lower back pain, imposes a heavy economic burden on patients and society. Conservative management is the first‐line choice for the majority of LDH patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important part of conservative treatment and has attracted more and more international attention.

Study design

Evidence‐based guideline.

Methods

We formed a guideline panel of multidisciplinary experts. The clinical questions were identified on the basis of a systematic literature search and a consensus meeting. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of LDH and assessed its certainty‐generated recommendations using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results

The guideline panel made 20 recommendations, which covered the use of Shentong Zhuyu decoction, Shenzhuo decoction, Simiao San decoction, Duhuo Jisheng decoction, Yaobitong capsule, Yaotongning capsule, Osteoking, manual therapy, needle knife, manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture, Chinese exercise techniques (Tai Chi, Baduanjin, or Yijinjing), and integrative medicine, such as combined non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, neural nutrition, and traction. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus‐based statement.

Conclusion

This is the first LDH treatment guideline for TCM and integrative medicine with a systematic search, synthesis of evidence, and using the GRADE method to rate the quality of evidence. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for LDH patients.
A converged ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway for the degradation of TOC and TOM tail‐anchored receptors
Authors: Yang Meijing , Chen Shuai , Lim Shey‐Li , Yang Lang , Zhong Jia Yi , Chan Koon Chuen , Zhao Zhizhu , Wong Kam‐Bo , Wang Junqi , Lim Boon Leong
Published: March 2024

In plants, thousands of nucleus‐encoded proteins translated in the cytosol are sorted to chloroplasts and mitochondria by binding to specific receptors of the TOC (translocon on the outer chloroplast membrane) and the TOM (translocon on the outer mitochondrial membrane) complexes for import into those organelles. The degradation pathways for these receptors are unclear. Here, we discovered a converged ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway for the degradation of Arabidopsis thaliana TOC and TOM tail‐anchored receptors. The receptors are ubiquitinated by E3 ligase(s) and pulled from the outer membranes by the AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase CDC48, after which a previously uncharacterized cytosolic protein, transmembrane domain (TMD)‐binding protein for tail‐anchored outer membrane proteins (TTOP), binds to the exposed TMDs at the C termini of the receptors and CDC48, and delivers these complexes to the 26S proteasome.
Comparative study of clinical reasoning competence and self‐directed learning competence in nurses across varied years of experience
Authors: Liu Zhenya , Sun Na , Chen Cancan , Zhang Guifang , Hu Yanli
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To compare and analyse the differences in the clinical reasoning competence of nurses with different working years and their relationship with self‐directed learning competence.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey design (online investigation) was used. A total of 376 nurses were recruited from four independent hospitals in China. Online questionnaires collected data on nurses' demographic characteristics and assessed their clinical reasoning and self‐directed learning competence. Pearson correlation analysis, t‐test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate regression analysis were used.

Results

Clinical reasoning competence scores of nurses with working years >10 years were higher than those of other nurses. Self‐directed learning competence scores of nurses with working years of <1 year and (from ≥1 year to <3 years) were lower than those of nurses with working years of 6–10 years and >10 years. Self‐directed learning competence scores of nurses with working years of 3–5 years were lower than those of nurses with working years of >10 years. There was a positive correlation between clinical reasoning competence, self‐directed learning competence and each dimension among nurses of different working years. There are differences in the influence of different dimensions of self‐directed learning competence on clinical reasoning competence among different working years.

Conclusion

There were differences in clinical reasoning and self‐directed learning competence among nurses with different working years. Self‐directed learning competence is a positive predictor of nurses' clinical reasoning competence, which applied to nurses with all working years; however, the specific effect of self‐directed learning competence on clinical reasoning competence differed among nurses with different working years.

Implication for nursing managers

Nursing managers should pay attention to the development characteristics of clinical reasoning competence and self‐directed learning competence of nurses with different working years and determine effective intervention strategies according to specific influencing factors.
Moving mountains: Geography, neighborhood sorting, and spatial income segregation
Authors: Ye Victor Yifan , Becker Charles M.
Published: March 2024

Using a novel geospatial panel combined with data from the 2015 American Community Survey (ACS), we investigate the effect of topography—altitude and terrain unevenness—on income segregation at the neighborhood level. Specifically, we perform large‐scale counterfactual simulations by estimating household preferences for topography, altering the topographical profile of each city, and observing the resulting neighborhood sorting outcome. We find that unevenness contributes to the segmentation of markets: in the absence of hilliness, rich and poor households experience greater mixing. Hillier cities are more income‐segregated because of their unevenness; the opposite is true for flatter cities.
Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Health of Nation Outcome Scales for schizophrenia patients
Authors: Feria‐Raposo Isabel , García‐León María Ángeles , Rodríguez‐Cano Elena , Blanco‐Blanco Joan , Moreno‐Casbas María Teresa , Gonzalez‐Castro Ana Isabel , Gómez‐Lozano María José , Guerrero‐Pedraza Amalia , Sarri Carmen , Portillo Francisco , Sarró Salvador , McKenna Peter J. , Salvador Raymond , Pomarol‐Clotet Edith
Published: March 2024

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

Functioning is one of the most affected areas in schizophrenia. Social, occupational and personal domains are affected, and these deficits are responsible for a major part of the disability associated with the disorder.

There are several instruments to measure functioning, but the HoNOS provides a wide assessment of impairment in 12 areas of functioning.

What does the paper add to existing knowledge?

The Spanish version of the HoNOS shows good properties in terms of reliability and validity for use in schizophrenia patients.

Although some authors divide the scale according to proposed underlying dimensions, in schizophrenia this division may not be appropriate.

What are the implications for practice?

A reliable and easy‐to‐use measure of impairment in different areas of functioning is useful for optimizing the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia.

Introduction

The HoNOS scale was designed for the assessment of psychosocial impairment in various domains. While it is widely used in psychiatric settings, it has not been validated in Spanish for use in patients with schizophrenia.

Aim

To examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the HoNOS scale in a sample of schizophrenia patients.

Method

A total of 194 individuals aged 18 to 65 with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses were evaluated using the HoNOS. Illness severity and level of functioning were also assessed.

Results

The HoNOS showed moderate internal consistency, good inter‐observer reliability and good test‐retest reliability. Factor analysis revealed an internal structure consisting of four factors, with item distribution differing from the theoretical dimensions proposed for the original scale.

Discussion

The Spanish version of the HoNOS scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing psychosocial impairment in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, further research is needed to determine its internal structure more accurately.

Implications for Practice

The HoNOS scale provides researchers and clinicians with a valid measure of impairment in twelve different domains, which can facilitate and guide the treatment of schizophrenia patients.
Perceptual Narrowing in Face Processing: Reviewing the Factors Influencing its Onset and Offset
Authors: Fort Mathilde , Birulès Joan , Fratacci Althea , Parente Jonathan , Pascalis Olivier
Published: March 2024

An infant's face‐ and speech‐processing system develops during the first year from broad and non‐specific to becoming a system that is tuned to the faces and languages to which they are most exposed. This phenomenon is called perceptual narrowing. Before 9 months of age, infants are capable of discriminating and recognizing individuals from any type of race/species faces. However, with increased exposure to own‐race and own‐species faces and lack of exposure to other types of faces, by 9 months of age, they have improved their ability to discriminate own‐race faces, while they show increased difficulty in the discrimination of faces from other races and species. According to the literature, we can conclude that, by 12 months of age, most human perceptual systems have become perceptually tuned and adult‐like; however, this is not true. In the following sections, we will argue that perceptual narrowing for faces occurs during the same developmental period as it does for language, and that it can be prevented or modulated with sufficient exposure to unfamiliar sounds or face types. We conclude that narrowing has been designed by natural selection to tailor an individual's cognition to their local social context. It might occur for every domain pertaining to social communication—from speech processing to emotion or gesture perception—in a process that gradually adapts the infant to their native social group.
The emerging importance of cross‐ploidy hybridisation and introgression
Authors: Brown Max R. , Abbott Richard J. , Twyford Alex D.
Published: March 2024

Natural hybridisation is now recognised as pervasive in its occurrence across the Tree of Life. Resurgent interest in natural hybridisation fuelled by developments in genomics has led to an improved understanding of the genetic factors that promote or prevent species cross‐mating. Despite this body of work overturning many widely held assumptions about the genetic barriers to hybridisation, it is still widely thought that ploidy differences between species will be an absolute barrier to hybridisation and introgression. Here, we revisit this assumption, reviewing findings from surveys of polyploidy and hybridisation in the wild. In a case study in the British flora, 203 hybrids representing 35% of hybrids with suitable data have formed via cross‐ploidy matings, while a wider literature search revealed 59 studies (56 in plants and 3 in animals) in which cross‐ploidy hybridisation has been confirmed with genetic data. These results show cross‐ploidy hybridisation is readily overlooked, and potentially common in some groups. General findings from these studies include strong directionality of hybridisation, with introgression usually towards the higher ploidy parent, and cross‐ploidy hybridisation being more likely to involve allopolyploids than autopolyploids. Evidence for adaptive introgression across a ploidy barrier and cases of cross‐ploidy hybrid speciation shows the potential for important evolutionary outcomes.
Integrated ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq data analysis identifies transcription factors related to rice stripe virus infection in Oryza sativa
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Li Jing , Zhang Yan , Zhai Yushan , Chen Yi , Lin Lin , Peng Jiejun , Zheng Hongying , Chen Jianping , Yan Fei , Lu Yuwen
Published: March 2024

Animal studies have shown that virus infection causes changes in host chromatin accessibility, but little is known about changes in chromatin accessibility of plants infected by viruses and its potential impact. Here, rice infected by rice stripe virus (RSV) was used to investigate virus‐induced changes in chromatin accessibility. Our analysis identified a total of 6462 open‐ and 3587 closed‐differentially accessible chromatin regions (DACRs) in rice under RSV infection by ATAC‐seq. Additionally, by integrating ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq, 349 up‐regulated genes in open‐DACRs and 126 down‐regulated genes in closed‐DACRs were identified, of which 34 transcription factors (TFs) were further identified by search of upstream motifs. Transcription levels of eight of these TFs were validated by reverse transcription‐PCR. Importantly, four of these TFs (OsWRKY77, OsWRKY28, OsZFP12 and OsERF91) interacted with RSV proteins and are therefore predicted to play important roles in RSV infection. This is the first application of ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq techniques to analyse changes in rice chromatin accessibility caused by RSV infection. Integrating ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq provides a new approach to select candidate TFs in response to virus infection.
The Ras GTPase‐activating protein UvGap1 orchestrates conidiogenesis and pathogenesis in the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens
Authors: Cao Huijuan , Gong Hao , Yu Mina , Pan Xiayan , Song Tianqiao , Yu Junjie , Qi Zhongqiang , Du Yan , Zhang Rongsheng , Liu Yongfeng
Published: March 2024

Ras GTPase‐activating proteins (Ras GAPs) act as negative regulators for Ras proteins and are involved in various signalling processes that influence cellular functions. Here, the function of four Ras GAPs, UvGap1 to UvGap4, was identified and analysed in Ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of rice false smut disease. Disruption of UvGAP1 or UvGAP2 resulted in reduced mycelial growth and an increased percentage of larger or dumbbell‐shaped conidia. Notably, the mutant ΔUvgap1 completely lost its pathogenicity. Compared to the wild‐type strain, the mutants ΔUvgap1, ΔUvgap2 and ΔUvgap3 exhibited reduced tolerance to H2O2 oxidative stress. In particular, the ΔUvgap1 mutant was barely able to grow on the H2O2 plate, and UvGAP1 was found to influence the expression level of genes involved in reactive oxygen species synthesis and scavenging. The intracellular cAMP level in the ΔUvgap1 mutant was elevated, as UvGap1 plays an important role in maintaining the intracellular cAMP level by affecting the expression of phosphodiesterases, which are linked to cAMP degradation in U. virens. In a yeast two‐hybrid assay, UvRas1 and UvRasGef (Ras guanyl nucleotide exchange factor) physically interacted with UvGap1. UvRas2 was identified as an interacting partner of UvGap1 through a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay and affinity capture‐mass spectrometry analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that the UvGAP1‐mediated Ras pathway is essential for the development and pathogenicity of U. virens.
Intracardiac echocardiography‐guided catheter ablation of highly symptomatic accelerated idioventricular rhythm originating from the right ventricular apical diverticulum
Authors: Yang Sen , Li Sui , Li Shaolong , Liao Qiwei , Long Deyong , Li Mengmeng , He Chengde
Published: March 2024

Ventricular diverticula are saccule‐like structures formed by the protrusion of the ventricular myocardium from the endocardial surface towards the free wall. Most diverticula are muscular structures, and patients usually have no obvious clinical symptoms. However, diverticula may contribute to arrhythmogenesis due to localized myocardial structural disturbances. Right ventricular apical diverticulum (RVAD) is very rare, and we report a case of highly symptomatic accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) originating from the RVAD that underwent intracardiac echocardiography (ICE)–guided catheter ablation with no recurrence during follow‐up.
Mutant noxy8 exposes functional specificities between the chloroplast chaperones CLPC1 and CLPC2 in the response to organelle stress and plant defence
Authors: López Bran , Izquierdo Yovanny , Cascón Tomás , Zamarreño Ángel M. , García‐Mina José M. , Pulido Pablo , Castresana Carmen
Published: March 2024

Chloroplast function is essential for growth, development, and plant adaptation to stress. Organelle stress and plant defence responses were examined here using noxy8 (nonresponding to oxylipins 8) from a series of Arabidopsis mutants. The noxy8 mutation was located at the CLPC2 gene, encoding a chloroplast chaperone of the protease complex CLP. Although its CLPC1 paralogue is considered to generate redundancy, our data reveal significant differences distinguishing CLPC2 and CLPC1 functions. As such, clpc1 mutants displayed a major defect in housekeeping chloroplast proteostasis, leading to a pronounced reduction in growth and pigment levels, enhanced accumulation of chloroplast and cytosol chaperones, and resistance to fosmidomycin. Conversely, clpc2 mutants showed severe susceptibility to lincomycin inhibition of chloroplast translation and resistance to Antimycin A inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. In the response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, clpc2 but not clpc1 mutants were resistant to bacterial infection, showing higher salicylic acid levels, defence gene expression and 9‐LOX pathway activation. Our findings suggest CLPC2 and CLPC1 functional specificity, with a preferential involvement of CLPC1 in housekeeping processes and of CLPC2 in stress responses.
Quantifying the spatial associations among terrain parameters from digital elevation models
Authors: Zhong Yutao , Xiong Liyang , Zhou Yumeng , Tang Guoan
Published: March 2024

Terrain parameters describe the morphological characteristics of a surface and are an important part of the application of geoscience. At present, there is still a lack of scientific and systematic research on the associations among terrain parameters. In this article, 14 representative terrain parameters are selected to explore their spatial association relationships by using the quantification methods of linear correlation degree, distribution similarity and influence degree. Then, we discuss the effects of the digital elevation model (DEM) cell size and landform region on the associations among terrain parameters. Furthermore, the mechanism of the association relationships among terrain parameters is also analyzed to achieve a better understanding of terrain analysis. This study revealed that the similarity in calculation methods, the derivation of terrain parameters from other parameters, the geographic significance of representations, and the characteristics and appearances of landforms are significant factors contributing to the associations of terrain parameters. The terrain parameters with strong associations remained stable with changes in cell size and landform region. However, terrain parameters with weak associations significantly respond to this variety of factors. We quantify the associations among terrain parameters, provide a new perspective for examining the associations among terrain parameters, and provide guidance for the selection of terrain parameters in geoscience research.
Association offreeze‐driedplasma with24‐hmortality among trauma patients at risk for hemorrhage
Authors: Mould‐Millman Nee‐Kofi , Wogu Adane F. , Fosdick Bailey K. , Dixon Julia M. , Beaty Brenda L. , Bhaumik Smitha , Lategan Hendrick J. , Stassen Willem , Schauer Steven G. , Steyn Elmin , Verster Janette , Wylie Craig , de Vries Shaheem , Jamison Maria , Kohlbrenner Maria , Mayet Mohammed , Hodsdon Lesley , Wagner Leigh , Snyders L' Oreal , Doubell Karlien , Lourens Denise , Bebarta Vikhyat S.
Published: March 2024

Background

Blood products form the cornerstone of contemporary hemorrhage control but are limited resources. Freeze‐dried plasma (FDP), which contains coagulation factors, is a promising adjunct in hemostatic resuscitation. We explore the association between FDP alone or in combination with other blood products on 24‐h mortality.

Study Design and Methods

This is a secondary data analysis from a cross‐sectional prospective observational multicenter study of adult trauma patients in the Western Cape of South Africa. We compare mortality among trauma patients at risk of hemorrhage in three treatment groups: Blood Products only, FDP + Blood Products, and FDP only. We apply inverse probability of treatment weighting and fit a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to assess the hazard of 24‐h mortality.

Results

Four hundred and forty‐eight patients were included, and 55 (12.2%) died within 24 h of hospital arrival. Compared to the Blood Products only group, we found no difference in 24‐h mortality for the FDP + Blood Product group (p = .40) and a lower hazard of death for the FDP only group (hazard = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15–1.00;p = .05). However, sensitivity analyses showed no difference in 24‐h mortality across treatments in subgroups with moderate and severe shock, early blood product administration, and accounting for immortal time bias.

Conclusion

We found insufficient evidence to conclude there is a difference in relative 24‐h mortality among trauma patients at risk for hemorrhage who received FDP alone, blood products alone, or blood products with FDP. There may be an adjunctive role for FDP in hemorrhagic shock resuscitation in settings with significantly restricted access to blood products.
Screenings from the archive: Nelisita (1982), an African vernacular‐language fiction set in rural southern Angola and its illuminating cinematic chain
Authors: Ponte Inês
Published: March 2024

Nelisita (Carvalho, 1982, Nelisita: narrativas nianeka), a pioneering African vernacular‐language fiction film from the early phase of Angolan cinema, inspired me to conduct a series of interconnected exercises in visual anthropology. I produced an experimental archive‐based remake (Ponte, 2016, 127 stills or 34 scenes from Nelisita) and screened it in both transnational urban contexts and an Angolan rural context reminiscent of the film's setting. This article discusses the multi‐sited chain of production and reception of this short archival remake and various localized contemporary responses to it. The article examines an evolving concern with the materiality of the archive and how both foreign urban and familiar rural audiences received the film's narrative and change of genre.
From the field to the screen: Reflexivity and collaboration in visual and multimodal contemporary practices
Authors: Cabezas‐Pino Angélica , Fumanti Mattia
Published: March 2024

This special section, titled “From the Field to the Screen: Reflexivity and collaboration in Visual and Multimodal Contemporary Practices,” presents a collection of papers that explore the challenges, opportunities, and ethical considerations inherent in reflexive and collaborative practices within ethnographic visual and multimodal research. Drawing from diverse methodologies and approaches, the papers delve into topics such as autobiographical storytelling, virtual reality, sensory experiences, and archival‐based filmmaking. Through critical reflections and case studies, the section aims to provoke dialogue and reflection on the complex intersections of reflexivity and collaboration in visual anthropology. It addresses the challenges and pitfalls of producing visual and multimodal ethnographic data beyond film through a multilayered analysis that conveys ethical, aesthetic, and methodological implications. Each paper invites readers to engage with innovative methods and perspectives that complicate research processes—from design to dissemination—contributing to contemporary debates in visual and multimodal anthropology with implications for audiences beyond the discipline.
Nutritional cataracts in a wolf litter treated by phacoemulsification
Authors: Cabrero Maria , Guyonnet Alexandre , Risi Emmanuel , Bourguet Aurelie
Published: March 2024

Objective

To describe the clinical findings in a wolf litter with nutritional cataracts and determine the treatment outcomes after phacoemulsification.

Procedure

Bilateral nutritional cataracts were diagnosed in four hand‐fed 10‐week‐old wolves (Canis lupus). The information collected included signalment, physical and ophthalmic examination findings, ocular ultrasonography and electroretinography results, and postoperative outcomes.

Results

All four wolves were rejected from the dam and hand raised with a commercial artificial milk replacer from 5 days of age until weaning at 6 weeks of age. At initial presentation, bilateral cataracts were observed in all patients (8/8 eyes), with vision deficits in three of the four wolves. The main ophthalmic anomalies were mature cataracts with lens‐induced uveitis (3/8 eyes, two wolves), immature cataracts (1/8 eyes, one wolf), and perinuclear and posterior cortical/subcapsular lens opacities (4/8 eyes, three wolves). Three of the four wolves (six eyes) underwent bilateral one‐handed phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. At the last examination 2 months following surgery, all operated eyes (6/6) were visual, Elschnig pearl proliferation was present in 2/6 eyes, and mild posterior capsular opacification was observed in 6/6 eyes. In the nonoperated wolf, the cataracts remained stable and did not affect the visual axis of either eye.

Conclusions

This is the first description of phacoemulsification surgery in wolves. Phacoemulsification is a viable treatment option for captive wolves with nutritional cataracts. Special attention should be paid to hand‐raised cubs to ensure that adequate amino acid levels are present in artificial milk.
Differences in patient‐reported and clinical characteristics by age group in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cha EunSeok , Son Nak‐Hoon , Joung Kyong Hye , Shin Yun‐A , Kim Hyun Jin , Kim Hyukjin , Faulkner Melissa Spezia
Published: March 2024

Background

The global burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is growing, and the age of onset is widening, resulting in increasing numbers of young adults and elderly patients with T2D. Age‐specific diabetes care needs have yet to be fully explored.

Aims

This study examined (1) differences in patient‐reported and clinical characteristics by age group and (2) the effect of age on two proxy measures assessing psychological health and self‐care adherence after adjusting for potential mediators.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, correlational design was used. Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were recruited from a university hospital in Korea between 2019 and 2020. Participants were divided into four groups based on years of age (40s and younger group [n = 27]; 50s group [n = 47]; 60s group [n = 54]; and 70s and older group [n = 48]) to compare patient‐reported and clinical characteristics. Chi‐square tests, ANOVA, Kruskal‐Wallis tests, and logistic regression analysis were performed to assess group differences and effect of age on psychological health and self‐care adherence.

Results

Of 178 participants, two‐thirds were men (n = 114; 64.41%). The mean ages in the 40s and younger, 50s, 60s, and 70s and older groups were 39.4, 54.7, 63.9, and 76.0 years, respectively. There were significant differences in patient‐reported and clinical characteristics by age group. The youngest group reported the poorest psychological health and self‐care behaviors. Although the oldest group showed the poorest physical functioning, this group also showed the highest self‐care adherence and the best psychological health. Regarding clinical characteristics, traditional diabetes‐related blood test results showed no significant group differences.

Linking Evidence to Action

Age‐specific diabetes care needs were identified in adults with T2D. Interventions to improve psychological health and priming effects of behavioral adherence need to be developed. Furthermore, meticulous investigation to detect potential complications early is essential in adults with T2D.
Analysis and Optimization of a Biomass Heated Two-Stage Desiccant Cooling System Used for Greenhouse Cultivation in Hot and Humid Climates
Authors: Mandal Chandan , Ganguly Aritra
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a multi-objective optimization of a biomass heating-based two-stage desiccant-supported greenhouse cooling system used for Orchids cultivation in hot and humid weather conditions. The simulation model has been developed considering thermodynamics, economic, and environmental aspects. The thermal coefficient of performance (COPth) of the system and greenhouse temperature have been predicted for the five most impactful months (March, May, August, September, and December) corresponding to the respective seasons of spring, summer, monsoon, autumn, and winter of a calendar year. The system maintains the peak average greenhouse temperature at a maximum of 26 °C during the prominent sunshine period (12 h) in May while ensuring a minimum of 18 °C during nighttime. In terms of system components, the residue boiler stands out as the significant contributor to exergy destruction (45%), followed by regeneration heater 1 (22%), desiccant wheel 1 (7%), and the heat recovery water heater (6%) during the critical operational month of August. Multi-objective optimization has also been conducted using the optimization toolbox provided in matlab-R2017a to determine the optimal performance and operating conditions of the two-stage desiccant cooling system. The optimal conditions display the corresponding total cost rate, considering capital and maintenance costs, operating costs, CO2 penalty costs, and exergetic efficiency.
Wall Heat Transfer Characteristic of Parallel-Plate Channel Filled With Open-Cell Metal Foams in Large Flow Velocity Range
Authors: Wenping Peng , Qingguo Cheng , Qiulin Wang
Published: March 2024

High-porosity open-cell metal foams can be utilized to fill parallel-plate channels for achieving efficient cooling performance. A wall heat transfer model considering viscous and inertial heat effects is given based on local thermal nonequilibrium theory. Detailed investigations are conducted on influences of parameters on cooling performance. The results indicate that an optimum velocity exists; impacts of porosity and pore size depend on thermophysical properties of fluids and flow velocity; heat transfer resistance also varies with them; increasing foam thickness enhances cooling performance for air under identical velocities but has negligible effect for water; under identical flow rates, decreasing foam thickness improves cooling performance; enlarging base surface area is an effective approach at low flow velocities.
Characterization of Serrated Chip Formation Based on In Situ Imaging Analysis in Orthogonal Cutting
Authors: Yang Minghui , Tang Yufei , Wu Chaoqun , Cao Shiyu , Huang Wenjian , Zhang Xuyan
Published: March 2024

The in situ imaging of the cutting process exhibits outstanding advantages in reconstructing the precise and visual thermoplastic deformation fields. The physical and geometric characteristics of deformation fields provide a deeper understanding of the cutting processes. In this paper, a mechanism-image hybrid analysis method is proposed to acquire the characteristics of the serrated chip deformation in the orthogonal cutting of TA15 titanium alloy based on in situ imaging. The established hybrid analysis method combines the shear-plane theory with the streamline method and image segmentation method, which realizes the identification of pixel coordinates of the main shear plane (MSP) and the primary shear zone (PSZ) and then the extraction of the physical and geometric variables from the digital image correlation (DIC) full-field measurements. Consequently, the variations of equivalent strain rate, strain, temperature, and the geometric characterizations of MSP and PSZ during an individual serration formation of TA15 titanium alloy were quantitatively investigated. It was found that the physical and geometric variables reached stability in the final stage of serration evolution and were averaged as the DIC-based equivalent characterizations to analyze the impact of cutting depth and tool rake angle. Meanwhile, the DIC-based equivalent characterizations were compared with the results obtained by the classical analytical models to illustrate the advantages of the DIC-based analysis. The findings also support that the established hybrid analysis method holds the potential to characterize the serrated chip formation of other materials and improve the models of PSZ.
Professional Identity in Irish Certified Athletic Therapists
Authors: O’Connor Siobhán , Lavelle Hayes Oran , Sheridan Kate
Published: March 2024

Professional identity is an important construct that considers an individual’s own values, beliefs, attitudes, and motives surrounding their own role in their profession. No research has examined this concept in athletic training/therapy beyond the U.S. context. We examined professional identity in Irish certified athletic therapists (n = 81) using the Professional Identity and Values Scale. Participants presented with a total Professional Identity and Values Scale score of 92.0 ± 9.9. Age (r = .26, p = .02; r = .27, p = .02) and years of experience (r = .29, p = .01; r = .32, p = .0004) were positively correlated with total Professional Identity and Values Scale score and professional development subscale score, respectively. No gender differences were observed (p > .05). Despite being a new emerging profession, Irish athletic therapists presented with a strong professional identity.